bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The problem of ubication of the Vellanis, Vindenae road stop and Ad Fines on the Lisus-Naisus road (Upper Moesia)
Authors: Samardžić Gligor
Published: September 2021

The paper presents data on the problem of ubication of the Vellanis, Vindenae road stop and Ad Fines on the Lisus-Naisus Roman road (Upper Moesia). The Lisus-Naisus road intersected modern-day Kosovo and Metohija from southwest to northeast. Being the main road, it connected coastal areas to the inland. A modest number of milestones was found at certain points along the road. They are of highly significant historic value due to the fact that they respresent firsthand evidence on the existence of the Roman road in Kosovo and Metohija. There are various opinions about the ubication of the aforementioned road stops in modern historiography. Ptolemaeus mentiones a settlement Vellanis after the Vicianum road stop on the Lisus-Naisus road, but he does not categorize it as the road stop. According to some researchers, Vellanis is identical to the Vicianum stop in Tabula Peutingeriana. We believe that the name of Vellanis mentioned by Ptolemaeus and Ravenna geographer conceals the name of the Vicianum road stop from Tabula Peutingeriana. In regards to the ubication of the Vindenae road stop in the modern scientific research, the prevailing opinion is based on Tabula Peutingeriana as well as the remains of the Roman settlement and necropolis (a monumental building, ceramic dishes, glass, nails, jewellery, money). It is believed that the Vindenae road stop should be looked for near Podujevo, in the area of Glavnik village (Poljanice). Taking Tabula Peutingeriana into consideration as well as the results of modern studies, the Ad Fines road stop should be looked for at the mouth of the Kosanica into the Banjska River, near modern-day Kuršumlija. Various opinions will most certainly exist as long as the assumptions continue to be based on analyses of written historical sources, without systematic archeological excavations and research. What we can say with certainity is that life evolved continously in this area (Upper Moesia), starting from the ancient times till modern days and archeological findings from these sites prove that.
Antički motivi i mitološke reminiscencije vizantijskog istoriopisanja XV veka - pregledne narativne crtice
Authors: Gašić Dejan
Published: September 2021

Tragom formiranih jezikoslovnih otisaka o romeohelenskom zaveštanju, "istoričari pada" - uvek pažljivo i osmišljeno - prorokovali su u vlastitim delima savremenu prošlost kroz prizmu klasičnih predanja (narativnim slikama, poređenjima, reminiscencijama, simbolima), neprestano i lamentom vapeći za uzrocima zbog čega je u ruke Osmanlija pao Konstantinopolj (1453). Takve spisateljske konstrukcije, u konačnosti, predstavljale su zapravo snaženo verovanje i isticanje postojanja hrišćanskog komonvelta, u kojem bi naslovnom temom rada spoznavali i markirali antičke motive kao fragmente romejskog kolektivnog sećanja u istoriopisanju XV veka, čiji književni tokovi započinju i svi vode ka Konstantinopolju, kojim je i oličeno postanje i postupno nestajanje srednjovekovnog hrišćanskog sveta, ali s nepokolebljivom verom u njegovo političko vaskrsenje.
Celebration of Đuren in Prizrenska Gora: A contribution to the research
Authors: Pavlović Aleksandar
Published: September 2021

In this paper the author presents several main elements of the celebration of Đuren among the Gorani in Prizrenska Gora, an event which, according to the date of the event, coincides with the celebration of Ortodox St. George's Day. The elements of Đuren's celebration the author tries to present taking into account its actors, and the clear spatial and temporal frameworks in which they take place. With this approach, the aim of the paper is to offer a concrete, precise presentation of the main elements of Đuren's celebration, which could be used as an ethnographic material for repeated research of the same phenomenon and comparative monitoring of its duration and possible changes within its structure. The results presented in the paper were obtained from the field research conducted in Gorani village of Vraništa at the end of 2018 and during the celebration of Đuren in 2019. The results achieved by the research showed that the main elements of Đuren's celebration include phenomena of a public, collective character, which imply a mass gathering of members of the Gorani community, and which the Gorani in Prizrenska Gora perceive as a feature of their culture and part of their tradition. Viewed chronologically, the elements of a collective character on the occasion of the celebration of Đuren, recorded in the village of Vraništa, include muzika, tupani and korzo. The content of these elements indicates the solemn character of Đuren's celebration, by which it can be described as a festivity, composed of music and dance segments. Based on ethnographic material collected in 2018-2019, it can be seen that the characteristics of the celebration of Đuren, mentioned by researchers who have dealt with this phenomenon in previous years and decades, are noticeable even today, which testifies of the importance that this event still has for the Gorani. The results presented in the paper point to the conclusion about the continuity of the researched phenomena, which importance is reflected especially from the aspect of their role as a factor by which the Gorani express their belonging to their community. The presented material also indicates the importance of the elements of Đuren's celebration from the aspect of maintaining and establishing ties among the Gorani (especially among youth), but it also raises the question of the role of these elements as a way of expressing gender and generational structure within the Gorani community. The results of the research, finally, point out all the complexity of celebrating Đuren as an event. The elements of this event, the dynamics of their duration, the structure and the role they play in the life of the Gorani, not only in the village of Vraništa, but also in other villages in Prizrenska Gora, have yet to be researched in more detail.
Los albores de la democracia digital
Authors: Calvo Patrici , Hidalgo César A.
Published: September 2021

Las democracias modernas no son perfectas. Por un lado, se ven afectados por problemas como la corrupción, el nepotismo y el populismo. Por otro lado, están moldeados por tecnologías, desde la impresión hasta la web.

En los últimos años, académicos y tecnólogos han comenzado a explorar alternativas para aumentar, modificar, o mejorar la democracia. Estas incluyen propuestas teóricas y prácticas basadas en el uso de herramientas digitales, desde algoritmos que buscan maximizar la representatividad de foros deliberativos, a sistemas de datos abiertos, recomendación de votos, y presupuestos participativos. Estas y otras propuestas tienen como objetivo mejorar la participación pública; reducir la vulnerabilidad de los sistemas democráticos representativos; aumentar la responsabilidad de los políticos; o simplemente ofrecer a los ciudadanos un mayor control y escrutinio de las acciones y decisiones políticas.
An Investigation on the Comprehension of English Idioms Among Moi Primary School Children in Nairobi
Authors: Tabley Amos Ngoge , Hermilinda Abas Imelda
Published: September 2021

The competence in identifying and comprehending the meaning of idiomatic expressions developed at an early age. However, second language learners reach the comprehension skill differently within the age and at pace. There are many unresolved questions regarding the age which children start to comprehend L2 idioms. The objective of this study was to investigate the age at which children in Moi primary school in Nairobi were able to identify and comprehend the meaning of English idioms. The 60 participants were selected using purposive sampling. The children were divided into three age groups: 5-8 years old, 9-12 years old, and 13-16 years old. The participants were balanced in gender and level of formal education. They were asked to identify the correct non-literal meaning of the 20 idioms presented. It was reported that the group with an age range from 5-8 years old scored the lowest among the other.The findings showed that as early as five years of old (preschool age), children begin to understand some kinds of idiomatic expressions and that such ability slowly develops throughout childhood. At the age of 9, children mainly interpreted idioms literally. By the age of 12, they started to understand the non-literal meanings of idiomatic expressions correctly and continued to expand until the age of 16. It implied that age is a factor in the comprehension of idioms among children. Therefore, exposure to language input is vital in the process of early acquisition. The study provides pedagogical observation on early language acquisition. This study also assists the language teachers and language practitioners and material developers in decision making that lead to the development of a better curriculum.
Faith, Identity and Magical Realism in Leila Aboulela’s Bird Summons
Authors: Arkhagha Leen , Awad Yousef
Published: September 2021

This article adopts a literary analytical approach to illuminate the use of magical realism in the contemporary Anglophone Arab narrative of Leila Aboulela’s Bird Summons (2019). The study follows a methodology which combines two critical approaches to magical realism: first, a textual approach, and then a contextual one. Accordingly, the study uses key magical realist elements in Bird Summons to delineate the poetics of magical realism within the narrative, before determining the context in which magical realism functions in the narrative. Simultaneously, the study benefits from Christopher Warnes’s two strands of magical realism, ‘faith-based magical realism’ and ‘irreverent magical realism’ in providing a coherent basis for the use of magical realism in the text. This study aims at examining the significance of the magical realist narrative in articulating Arab British identity in Bird Summons. The analysis will interpret the role of magical realism in conveying and undermining the dominant ethnic and racial discourses which shape Arab British identities in Britain. The study’s findings demonstrate how the use of magical realism in the examined Anglophone Arab novel reinforces the fictional purposes of Aboulela as a hyphenated Arab, as it allows her to undermine dominant discourses on hyphenated Arab identities. At the same time, the use of magical realism allows Aboulela to (re)construct Arab British identities within her novel, apart from essentialist views of identity.
The Effects of Reading Strategy Awareness on L2 Comprehension Performance among the Rungus in North Borneo
Authors: Goyi Nalmon , Kamaruddin Rohaidah , Seruji Zuraini , Aina Dani Noor
Published: September 2021

The Rungus are the indigenous people in Sabah, Malaysia. Malay as a second language and the primary instruction in schools seems inevitable. The study aims to determine the effects of reading strategies in the L2 reading comprehension tests on textual content and vocabulary. Participants consisted of twenty-six Form Four Rungus tribe pupils from Kudat Sikuati II Government Secondary School. The study used an ex-post facto research design. The researchers employed cognitive and metacognitive strategy questionnaires and two reading comprehension tests on L2 textual content and vocabulary. The researchers applied Cronbach alpha reliability statistics, paired sample test, and regression analysis. The study indicates that the L2 reading comprehension test on textual content and cognitive strategy were linearly related. Also, the factors related to L2 vocabulary in the reading comprehension test and metacognitive strategy are statistically significant. There is a very substantial relationship between past knowledge and reading comprehension among the participants. This study found that the use of cognitive strategies facilitates L2 reading comprehension with first language translation. The participants use translation strategies at a high level. However, they often use the metacognitive strategy more than the cognitive strategy. There is a significant positive relationship between metacognitive awareness and high-skilled readers’ performance. Low-level skilled readers choose the cognitive strategy. Meanwhile, the regression analysis between the L2 reading comprehension test on textual content and cognitive strategy revealed a positive association (β=.435) that is statistically significant (p<.05). The regression analysis between the L2 reading comprehension test on vocabulary and metacognitive strategy indicated a positive association (β=.440) and statistically significant (p<.05). Reading strategies facilitate students to understand the text, thereby improving their reading comprehension tasks. In addition to demonstrating positive implications on teaching students to read a second language, the findings are essential for teaching Malay language vocabulary. The schema theory employed in the study implicates that reading comprehension performance is generated from the interaction between top-down strategy (metacognitive) and bottom-up strategy (cognitive). A large-scale study could potentially reveal the use of translation strategy as a strategic trait associated with high-achievement readers or is, in fact, a bilingual additive.
Gender Variation in the Writings of Ghanaian Colleges of Education Students: A Study of Syntactic Complexity
Authors: Ansah Richard , Agbaglo Ebenezer , Mensah Regina A. T.
Published: September 2021

This study explored the differences in the writings produced by both male and female students in colleges of education in Ghana with respect to syntactic complexity. The study was based on a corpus of two hundred examination essays which were collected from two hundred students in Assin Fosu, Wesley and Presbyterian colleges of education who took the English language Studies course (FDC 211) in 2018/2019 academic year. The study adopted a descriptive design, involving qualitative and quantitative methods. The analysis showed that the male students were more syntactically complex than the female students in their writings. The study established clear variations in the areas of length of production unit, sentence complexity, amount of subordination and coordination and particular structures. It has therefore upheld the difference version of gender and language theory as compared to the discursive theory. Implications and areas for further research are also discussed.
A Systemic Functional Analysis of Theme in Modern Standard Arabic Texts
Authors: Alfraidi Tareq
Published: September 2021

The concept of Theme is regarded as a functional linguistic element that exists in many languages. The main aim of this study is to explore the functions of Theme in Arabic, applying the Systemic Functional Linguistics framework adopted by Downing (1991). Methodologically, several related real examples have been selected from the written discourse of Modern Standard Arabic and then analyzed contextually. The empirical analysis has revealed that (i) Theme can provide different functions, such as Individual, Circumstantial and Subjective and Logical Frameworks for the interpretation of the Rheme, and (ii) Theme can interact dynamically with different grammatical functions (e.g. Subject, Object, etc.) and have different pragmatic functions (e.g. Topic, Given and New information). Therefore, the view that makes a necessary link between Theme on the one hand and Noun Phrase, Topic or Given information on the other hand is proven incorrect and empirically invalid. Similar results have been obtained in the context of English (Downing 1991) but not yet for Arabic? This strengthens not only the universality of the concept of Theme but also its functions.
Augmented Reality and Life in the Cyberspace in William Gibson’s Neuromancer
Authors: Islam Md. Shafiqul
Published: September 2021

This paper attempts a cybercritical reading of William Gibson’s novel Neuromancer (1984) to explore the genesis of cyborgs in the novel, address issues pertaining to cyberpunks and scrutinize the portrayal of a cyberculture set in the futuristic dystopian city of Chiba. The relationship between humans and machines has gone through multiple phases of changes in the recent past. That is why instead of satirizing machinized-humans, science fiction writers have embraced different dimensions of man-machine relationships during the past few decades. ‘Cyborg’ is no longer represented as the ‘mutation of human capabilities’, but as ‘machines with Artificial Intelligence’. Gibson’s Neuromancer, a landmark piece of literary work in the sphere of Sci-Fi literature, specifically predicts a new height of man-machine relationship by employing both human and cyborg characters at the center of his story line. This paper shows how Gibson accurately prophesizes the matrix of machine-human relationship in his novel. It also explores Gibson’s depiction of female characters through the lens of cyberfeminist theories. In view of that, this paper uses contemporary critical and cultural theories including Donna Haraway’s idea of cyberfeminism, Baudrillard’s simulation and simulacra, Foucauldian discourse analysis, Jeremy Bentham’s concept of tabula rasa and other relevant theoretical ideas to examine and evaluate the transformative changes.
Oral Corrective Feedback on Pronunciation Errors: The Mediating Effects of Learners’ Engagement with Feedback
Authors: Saeli Hooman , Rahmati Payam , Dalman Mohammadreza
Published: September 2021

This study examined low-proficiency Iranian EFL students’ affective, behavioral, and cognitive engagement with oral corrective feedback (OCF) on interdental fricative errors: /θ/and/ð/. The data were collected from 27 learners with favorable and unfavorable perceptions about OCF. After receiving OCF on 30 tested and 30 untested lexical items in tutoring sessions, the participants took a posttest. The analysis of the data showed that the learners with positive perceptions about OCF had significantly higher accuracy gains, as shown by their posttest results. The interviews showed that the learners’ positive perceptions about OCF had positive affective engagement. Also, the learners who perceived pronunciation accuracy as an important component of their language development showed positive patterns of affective engagement with OCF. Additionally, the learners who affectively engaged with direct OCF positively tended to show positive behavioral and cognitive engagement with feedback. These learners reviewed the provided OCF and practiced the correction by employing an array of cognitive strategies (e.g., repetition). Overall, our findings show that positive engagement with feedback can result in higher pronunciation accuracy gains. Therefore, teachers should familiarize themselves with their students’ perceptions about feedback on their pronunciation errors, since these perceptions may impact the way students engage with feedback affectively, behaviorally, and cognitively. For instance, students who value pronunciation accuracy may be more likely to positively engage with feedback on pronunciation errors, while students who emphasize effective communication may negatively engage with such feedback.
The Use of English Articles in Adjective-modified Contexts
Authors: Alzamil Abdulrahman
Published: September 2021

English articles are thought to be complex, ambiguous and not salient in spoken language, which is why second language (L2) learners of English exhibit usage variability. Much of the L2 acquisition literature seems to agree that L2 learners are affected, one way or another, by their first language (L1). However, the debatable and controversial issue is whether there are other factors that affect article use, independent of potential L1 effects. The present study examines whether the presence or absence of adjectives in noun phrases influences article choice among Saudi Arabic learners of English. Both Arabic and English have articles, but Arabic adjectives are different from English adjectives to the extent that they agree with nouns in definiteness, case and gender. The study was conducted with 24 L1 Saudi Arabic speakers and 6 native English speakers. A 42-item fill-in-the-blanks task was administered. The results showed that a) native speakers of English outperformed L2 Arabic speakers in all contexts except indefinite plural contexts not modified by adjectives; and b) L2 Arabic speakers were more accurate in indefinite contexts that were not modified by adjectives than those that were. These findings show that L1 Arabic speakers are sensitive to the presence or absence of adjectives in noun phrases.
The modeled distribution of corals and sponges surrounding the Salas y Gómez and Nazca ridges with implications for high seas conservation
Authors: Georgian Samuel , Morgan Lance , Wagner Daniel
Published: September 2021

The Salas y Gómez and Nazca ridges are two adjacent seamount chains off the west coast of South America that collectively contain more than 110 seamounts. The ridges support an exceptionally rich diversity of benthic and pelagic communities, with the highest level of endemism found in any marine environment. Despite some historical fishing in the region, the seamounts are relatively pristine and represent an excellent conservation opportunity to protect a global biodiversity hotspot before it is degraded. One obstacle to effective spatial management of the ridges is the scarcity of direct observations in deeper waters throughout the region and an accompanying understanding of the distribution of key taxa. Species distribution models are increasingly used tools to quantify the distributions of species in data-poor environments. Here, we focused on modeling the distribution of demosponges, glass sponges, and stony corals, three foundation taxa that support large assemblages of associated fauna through the creation of complex habitat structures. Models were constructed at a 1 km2 resolution using presence and pseudoabsence data, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, phosphate, silicate, aragonite saturation state, and several measures of seafloor topography. Highly suitable habitat for each taxa was predicted to occur throughout the Salas y Gómez and Nazca ridges, with the most suitable habitat occurring in small patches on large terrain features such as seamounts, guyots, ridges, and escarpments. Determining the spatial distribution of these three taxa is a critical first step towards supporting the improved spatial management of the region. While the total area of highly suitable habitat was small, our results showed that nearly all of the seamounts in this region provide suitable habitats for deep-water corals and sponges and should therefore be protected from exploitation using the best available conservation measures.
New free-living nematode species and records (Chromadorea: Plectida and Desmodorida) from the edge and axis of Kermadec Trench, Southwest Pacific Ocean
Authors: Leduc Daniel
Published: September 2021

One new nematode species is described and two new species records are provided from the edge (6,080 m depth) and axis (7,132 m) of Kermadec Trench, Southwest Pacific. Leptolaimus hadalis sp. nov. is characterised by medium body 587–741 μm long, labial region not offset from body contour, inconspicuous labial sensilla, amphid located 12–19 μm from anterior end, female without supplements, male with four tubular precloacal supplements (alveolar supplements absent), tubular supplements almost straight with dentate tip, arcuate spicules and weakly cuticularized dorsal gubernacular apophyses strongly bent distally. In a previously published ecological survey of Kermadec Trench, L. hadalis sp. nov. was the most abundant species in a core obtained at 8,079 m water depth and third most abundant species in a core obtained at 7,132 m, while only one individual was found at 6,096 m depth, and none at 9,175 m depth (Leduc & Rowden, 2018). Alaimella aff. cincta and Desmodora aff. pilosa are recorded for the first time from the Southwest Pacific region. Prior to the present study, Alaimella had only been recorded from coastal locations and from the Weddell sea to a depth of 2,000 m. The record of Desmodora aff. pilosa at 6,080 m depth is the deepest record of a Desmodora species to date, although unidentified Desmodora specimens have been found as deep as 6,300 m in the South Sandwich Trench. The morphology of the Kermadec Trench Alaimella aff. cincta and Desmodora aff. pilosa specimens bear a strong resemblance to their respective type populations from the Northern Hemisphere, but further morphological and molecular data are required to ascertain whether they in fact represent distinct species.
Impact of Salinity Intrusion on Coastal Agriculture and Farmer’s Livelihoods in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md. Anowarul
Published: September 2021

The main objective of this study is to explore the major impacts of salinity intrusion on coastal agriculture and farmer’s livelihoods in Bangladesh. The study has attempted to identify some effective measures for the sustainability of coastal agriculture. The study was conducted based on both primary and secondary data during 2010-2020. To collect primary data, a total of 150 respondents out of 240 households were randomly interviewed and samples are drawn proportionately from study sites. Descriptive and inferential statistics have been done to analyze data. The ArcGIS mapping tool was adopted to represent the spatio-temporal change of saline area. It reveals that due to high salinity intrusion the coastal agriculture has already experienced noticeable adverse impacts especially in increasing rate of salinity, loss in cultivable land and production. Shrimp farming with brackish water and tidal inundation are explored as the main causes for salinity intrusion. In study sites, the level of salinity in 2020 is much stronger than in 2010. It reveals that due to strong salinity in agricultural land the farmer's are suffering from low income, unemployment, scarcity in irrigation and freshwater. It was identified that the planned shrimp culture, management of the embankment, cultivation of saline tolerant crops and raising public awareness will be the possible measures to control the intrusion of salinity. Therefore, it is expected that the evaluation of the revealed impacts of salinity intrusions and the explored measures will be effective to ensure the sustainability of coastal agriculture in Bangladesh.
Learning the Indonesian Language through Fictional Text Based on Ecological Literacy (Malay-Langkat) as an Effort to Realize Literate Generation
Authors: Ritonga Mara Untung , Wuriyani Elly Prihasti , Nasution Rizki Fadila
Published: September 2021

Education is a place where humans are formed to find and collect various information that will certainly be useful for shaping and developing human cognitive intelligence about many things, one of which is about ecology (environment / nature). In studying Indonesian, ecological discourse material (text) is one strategy to integrate environmental education and social interaction, as well as cultural customs of the community, especially Malay-Langkat which aims to form and develop mindsets and patterns of action, as well as healthy behavior both physically and mentally in everyday life. Through literary learning, educators are required to be more creative and sensitive in choosing interesting and suitable materials to be delivered instead of just fixating on the targets to be delivered and existing lesson plans, without thinking further about other things that can be used as a source of learning. But the availability of local ecology-based texts is still very little. This research aims to produce a Malay- Langkat literacy-based fiction text material that is feasible and effectively used at the high school level. So this research will focus more on developing a literacy culture to produce a literate generation, a generation that understands what is read and does something based on its understanding of the content of the reading. The literate generation is a generation that is intelligent, capable, characterful, and competitive. This research is a development research that adapts the 4-D Development model. Research and development steps are carried out using modifications and the Thiagarajan development model that is 4-D. This development model uses 4 stages consisting of define, design, development and dissemination.
Effect of Stocking Density on Growth Performance and the Survival of Golden Mahseer, Tor putitora (Hamilton) Fry
Authors: Sajed Riar Md. Golam , A Raushon Nur- , Kumer Paul Sumit
Published: September 2021

Growth performance and survival of Tor putitora fry under different stocking densities were evaluated fry rearing system. The experimental period was 10 weeks from 31 December to 10 March 2019. The experiment was carried out in nine earthen ponds of 0.04 ha each under three treatments with three replications.  Thirty days old fry were stocked at the rate of 1.0X105/ha was designated as treatment- 1 (T1), 1.5X105/ha` as treatment- 2 (T2) and 2.0X105/ha as treatment- 3 (T3), respectively. Fry were fed with commercially available nursery feed containing 32% crude protein. It was observed that, lower stocking density showed highest daily weight gain in T1 (growth 0.066 ± 0.006 g/day) compared with higher stocking density in T2 (growth 0.044 ± 0.004 g/day) and T3 (growth 0.024 ± 0.003 g/day), respectively. It is also noticed that, the lower stocking showed the highest survival rate (79.66 ± 4.34 %) than the other two treatments (66.97±3.67 and 54.67± 3.12 %). The values of different water quality parameters were within the optimum ranges for the rearing of carp fry. Water quality parameters did not show significant variations in the experimental ponds under different stocking densities. Among these three stocking densities lower stocking density (T1) showed the best result compare with the other two higher stocking densities.
Design Analysis of 7.5KW Stand Alone Solar Photovoltaic Power System for an Intermediate Household
Authors: Bello Rilwanu , Suleiman Taufiq , Kende Usman Atiku , Abulrasheed Mohammed
Published: September 2021

Aim: Design Analysis of 7.5KW Stand-alone Solar Photovoltaic Power System for an Intermediate Household.

Methodology: A design analysis of standalone 7.5KW PV system was carried out using PV modeling equations based on load estimated. The analyzed data of the solar photovoltaic components was used to determine the estimated output power of 7.5KW. Therefore, a number of modeling equations and methodologies for designing a PV system based on application have been developed and simplified in order to ensure the optimum performance of the system. The analyzed solar powered 7.5KW system was achieved by designing 24 solar panels of 335W each, 16 deep cycle battery of 200A each, and a pulse width modulation (PWM) charge controller of 60A to monitor the output of the battery for safety operation. The battery will be connected to the inverter circuit (DC-AC) to generate 220V alternating current in its output via a step-up transformer. In this paper, design analysis of a standalone PV system enables of producing power to a household with approximate consumption of 7.5KW was conducted.  

Results: The standalone PV system along with the cost implications was analysed and designed. In this analysis a sequential design plan of an independent standalone solar powered photovoltaic structure was analysed and overviewed to supply continuous and uninterrupted power to a typical utility with maximum power consumption of 7500W (7.5KVA). The calculated/computed values of all the components yield a result that can serve the purpose. Based on the design analysis, the result implies that the estimate consumption of 7.5KW in a day requires 24 PV panels of 335 Watts each, 16 (12V, 200Ah) batteries, 10KW inverter, (12V, 60A) charge controller and copper wire of cross-sectional area (1.688mm2) for installation.  

Conclusion: In Nigeria, to generate a solar power of 7.5KVA requires almost $15,585.70 which is equivalent to N 5,965,426.66.
Mobile Sensor Networks: What Can Underground Electric Transport Vehicles do in Underground Mine Monitoring?
Authors: Zhao Chenxi , Yu Haoxuan
Published: September 2021

According to our previous work, we have found that the ZigBee WSN technology and sensors are actually suitable for the underground monitoring, but there are still many problems. So in this viewpoint paper, we showed our viewpoint that the underground driver-less electric transport vehicles could also play an important role in the underground monitoring, that is, underground electric transport vehicles running in the mine roadway could carry mobile sensors to monitor the environmental conditions in the transport roadway. If it could be realized, it will save the number of sensors installed around the mine so as to reduce costs. If it could be realized, the monitoring of underground mines will become more convenient.
Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Chickpea Genotypes (Cicer arietinum L.) Using D2 Statistics
Authors: Karthikeyan M. , Pandey Sharad , Synrem Gideon , Saravanan K. R.
Published: September 2021

An experiment using twenty genotypes of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) was conducted during Rabi season of 2019-2020, to find the genetic diversity using D2 statistics. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications at the experimental field of Himgiri Zee University, Dehradun. The observations was recorded on  nine quantitative characters where five randomly selected plants were taken the average was computed while the traits days to 50 % flowering and days to 100 % maturity was taken from plot basis. Results revealed that the genotypes were grouped into 4 clusters where Cluster-I had fifteen genotypes and cluster II had three genotypes while one genotype each was present in cluster III and IV. The seed yield per plant contributed maximum towards genetic diversity (32.00 %) followed by plant height at maturity (14.00 %) and number of secondary branches (9.00 %). The maximum intra cluster distance was found in cluster II (164.691) indicating that the 15 genotypes including in the cluster II were most divergent. However, maximum inter cluster distance was noticed between cluster I and cluster II (313.247) which could be used in hybridizing program.
Evaluation of Biochemical and Microbiological Properties of Pleurotus ostreatus Mushrooms Cultivated and Sold in M’Badon Village (Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire)
Authors: Gnanwa Jacques Mankambou , Kouassi Athanase Kra , Kouamé Y. A. , Diomande Massé , Maxwell Beugre Grah Avit , Kouame Lucien Patrice
Published: September 2021

Objective: The present study aims to constitute a database necessary for the efficient valorisation of the local cultivated edible mushrooms in the Ivorian diet. This work consisted in evaluating the biochemical characteristics and microbiology analysis of cultivated Pleurotus ostreatus species sold and used in rural and urban people food.

Methodology: Standard methods proposed by AOAC made this study possible to determine the biochemical parameters such as dry matter, ash, pH, moisture, protein and lipid content. The microbiological analyses enabled the enumerations of yeasts and molds, fecal coliforms, aerobic mesophilic germs, detection and enumeration of Escherichia coli and Salmonella were performed.

Results: The results showed that the cultivated Pleurotus ostreatus is a food, rich in protein (16.37 ± 0.6 % dw), crude fibre (24.85 ± 0.08 dw) and in ash (11.00 ± 1.33 % dw). On the other hand, this mushroom is relatively low in lipids (4.16 ± 0.13% dw) and reducing sugars (1.04 ± 0.07 % dw) with a low moisture content (6.40 ± 1.13 % dw). These results also revelated the absence of Salmonella and Escherichia coli in the flour.

Conclusion: Local cultivated Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom is an undeniable source of protein and crude fibre. Thus it would be used as a substitute for meat diet, allow a good functioning of the immune system and the good development of bones. It also show satisfactory microbiological criteria. Thus Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom is a safety food for ivorian.
Effect of Growing Conditions on Growth and Yield Attributes of Cherry Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. var. cerasiforme)
Authors: Chandni . , Singh Deepti , Akhtar Shirin , Kumar Randhir , Bahera Subrat
Published: September 2021

Cherry tomato is a high value crop which due to neutraceutical properties commercially cultivates under protected condition, for its demand in national and international market, it is necessary to develop varieties with high yield. It is need to evaluate cherry tomato varieties with desirable in protected and field conditions. The present investigation was conducted to study the performance of eighteen genetically diverse genotypes of cherry tomato in open field trained on trellis and naturally ventilated polyhouse conditions. Twelve growth and yield traits, viz., plant height, days to 50% flowering, days to first fruiting, number of flowers and fruits per truss, average fruit weight, polar and equatorial fruit diameter, pericarp thickness, number of fruits per plant, yield per plant and total yield were observed. In open field condition, genotype BRCT-30 and BRCT-32 gave the best performance in terms of earliness with maximum values for number of flower-fruit per truss and total yield (415.98 q/ha and 408.75 q/ha, respectively). In polyhouse condition, genotype BRCT-20 and BRCT-35 gave the maximum value for total yield (701.21 q/ha and 611.21 q/ha, respectively) with mid-early values for flowering and fruiting.
Genetic Diversity for Yield and Its Component Traits in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Srinivas Sanganamoni , Vinay Lakmalla , Lal Gaibriyal M.
Published: September 2021

The present experiment was carried out to study the 40 chickpea genotypes to evaluate the Genetic diversity among the chickpea genotypes for yield and yield contributing traits and to identify genetically divergent parents for future hybridization. The present experiment was carried out during rabi 2019-2020 in Randomized complete block design with three replications at Sam Higginbottom university of agriculture technology and sciences, Prayagraj, Allahabad, U.P. The data was analyzed for 13 quantitative traits to study genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, genetic advance as percent of the mean. The magnitude of genotypic coefficient of variation and phenotypic co-efficient recorded highest for a number of seeds for plant (33.31 and 34.24), high heritability associated with high genetic advance was recorded for a number of secondary branches for plant (97.11 and 59.98) suggesting that there was greater role of additive gene action in inheritance. The distribution of 40 genotypes into six clusters was by Tocher’s method at a random with the Maximum number of genotypes were grouped into cluster I which includes 29 genotypes. The highest intra-cluster distance was observed for cluster I (59.53) which comprised of 29 genotypes. The highest inter-cluster distance (407.97) was found between clusters II and VI. Genotypes (IPC-71, IPC 04-52, JG-31416, L-550, IPCK 09-165, ICC-244263, IPC 94-94 and IPC 06-11 to these clusters may be used as parents to create transgressive segregants. Cluster VI recorded maximum mean values for the number of primary branches per plant (3.67), number of secondary branches per plant (6.47), number of pods per plant (117.13), number of seeds per plant (155.53), and seed yield per plant (g) (25.94).
Role of Training Sessions on Cervical Cancer Preventive Strategies in Improving Knowledge and Attitude of Accredited Social Health Activists
Authors: Singh Nilanchali , Rajaram Shalini , Gupta Bindiya , Mendiratta Anita , Singh Sanjay
Published: September 2021

Background: India has the world’s largest load of cervical malignancy. A lot of it can be attributed to lack of cervical cancer screening awareness among the general population. The Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA) are grass root workers who have good reach in the remote areas, where health care facilities are lacking. Training these ASHAs may increase the general awareness about cervical cancer screening. The aim of the study was to train ASHA workers via lectures and question answer sessions and assess the training with pre and post tests.

Methods: We organized two training programs of 500 ASHA workers in two tertiary care hospitals with aim of improving their knowledge and attitude about cervical cancer screening which will eventually improve their practice of training women in general population. It comprised of five lectures in language they understand, slogans, posters, question answer session etc. A test comprising of 17 questions was conducted before and after session to check their knowledge and attitude. 

Results: There was an overall improvement of 35% in knowledge of the ASHAs i.e. 48% answers were correct in pre-test and 78% were correct in post-test. Questions were pertaining to symptomatology, risk factors, screening methods, their utility and prerequisites of performing the screening tests, when and how often to repeat. Improvement was seen in all the areas. There was improvement in attitude too and most of them wanted themselves (98%), their relatives (100%) and the woman within their area (98%) to be screened for cancer cervix.

Conclusion: It was a small initiative and successful result was obtained after the training session of ASHAs.  These grass root workers may act as key link of awareness for cervical cancer prevention. They live in same community as the client and therefore, have better repo and communication as compared to medical personnel. Though, this study showed improved knowledge and motivation in ASHAs yet the impact on general population needs further evaluation.
Hypertension in the Adult Population in Côte d’Ivoire: Prevalence and Associated Factors
Authors: Daniel Ekra Kouadio , Guillaume Okoubo , Tetchi Orsot , Franck Ekou Kokora
Published: September 2021

Objectives: To estimate the current national prevalence of hypertension and to identify associated factors, in a context of increasing cardiovascular diseases and rampant urbanization in Côte d'Ivoire.

Methodology: This was a secondary analysis of data from the survey on the prevalence and characteristics of diabetes in Côte d'Ivoire. The cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study was conducted among 3198 adults aged 20 to 79 years, in the twenty health regions of Côte d'Ivoire from 23 November to 22 December 2017. Risk factors were identified by binary stepwise logistic regression using Stata version 15 software.

Results: The survey population was predominantly female (55%) and lived in urban areas (55.38%). The prevalence of hypertension in Côte d'Ivoire was 39.92% [95% CI : 37.28 - 42.62]. Independent of other factors, hypertension in adults is associated with age, place of residence, education level, marital status, income and nutritional status. However, the consumption of fruits and vegetables is protective of hypertension.

Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension in Côte d'Ivoire is very high with a greater burden in the older populations. Interventions targeting the associated modifiable risk factors are needed to correct this alarming epidemiological situation.
A New Approach to Detecting and Correcting Single and Multiple Errors in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Nawusu Yakubu Abdul-Wahab , Abdul-Barik Alhassan , Abdul-Mumin Salifu
Published: September 2021

Transmission errors are commonplace in communication systems. Wireless sensor networks like many other communication systems are susceptible to various forms of errors arising from sheer noise, heat and interference in sensor circuitry and from other forms of distortions. Research efforts in WSN have attempted to guarantee reliable and accurate data transmission from a target environment in the midst of these unwanted exposures. Many techniques have appeared and employed over the years to deal with the issue of transmission errors in communication systems. In this paper we present a new approach for single and multiple error control in WSN relying on the inherent fault tolerant feature of the Redundant Residue Number System. As an off shoot of Residue Number System, RRNS's fault tolerant capabilities help in building robust systems required for reliable data transmission in WSN systems. The Chinese Remainder Theorem and the Manhattan Distance Heuristics are used during the integer recovery process when detecting and correcting error digit(s) in a transmitted data. The proposed method performs considerably better in terms of data retrieval time than similar approaches by needing a smaller number of iterations to recover an originally transmitted data from its erroneous form. The approach in this work is also less computationally intensive compared to recent techniques during the error correction steps. Evidence of utility of the technique is illustrated in numerical examples.
Mapping and Classification of Use Only in the Municipality of Ulianópolis-PA: Dynamics of the Landscape in the Hydrographic Micro-basin of the Cabeludo River
Authors: Sousa Maiara dos Santos , Cunha Letícia do Socorro , Pluta Renata Adelaide , Faria Vanessa de Oliveira , Almeida Karlene Fernandes de , Tonin Fabiana
Published: September 2021

The search for economic development, in its most varied production models, anthropic actions have caused great environmental impacts, changing the environment and consequently causing environmental risks in different ways. In this sense, this work aimed to map the use and occupation of land through the spatial temporal dynamics of the hydrographic landscape of the Rio Cabeludo, in the municipality of Ulianópolis - PA, using integrated techniques of remote sensing and geoprocessing. Through the images, the supervised classification of the area was carried out, using the ENVI software for digital image processing and ArcGIS software for the elaboration of the thematic map. Some classes were investigated, such as urban area, exposed soil, temporary tillage, permanent tillage, dense vegetation, scrub, pasture, hydrography, cloud, shade, it is noteworthy that not all classes were repeated in the analyzed period. The evaluation of the studied area showed that there were significant changes in some classes. The identified classes reflect the dynamics of agricultural activity and not commercial plantation areas or large tracts of land. The work showed the possibility and importance of using geoprocessing techniques to monitor the territory and manage the environment, enabling better forms of land occupation and use of natural resources.
The Potential of Ethanol Production from Sweet Sorghum in Sub-Saharan Africa as Affected by Variety and Sowing Time
Authors: Mohammed Maarouf I. , Abdalbagi Salma I.
Published: September 2021

Renewable bio-energy is receiving worldwide importance in view of depleting fossil energy. Research works on sorghum as bio-fuel crop in sub-Saharan Africa are meager. The study aimed to investigate the potential of sweet sorghum for ethanol production from stem-juice. The experiment was conducted in Sudan, Khartoum State, during 2016-2017. Forty local and exotic sweet sorghum varieties arranged in RCB Design were investigated under irrigated conditions across three sowing times. Yields of cane, juice, sugar, ethanol and related attributes were studied. Highly significant differences (P=.01) were detected among varieties and interaction with sowing time. Ethanol yield potentials for some varieties were comparable to those reported in India and USA (1162-1416 L ha-1). High brix values (20-22%) and cane yields (45-51 ha-1) were encountered. Juice yield was low (3673-13743 L ha-1) probably due to reduced milling efficiency. The exotic materials performed better than the local ones in theoretical ethanol productivity and related attributes other than cane yield. Eight exotic and five local varieties were recommended for ethanol production. None of the Ankolib materials appeared to have notable potential for ethanol production. Interaction of sowing time with variety has great impact on ethanol yield implying the importance of variety option for different sowing times. It was concluded that the study furnished basic data needed for assessing the economic feasibility of ethanol production from irrigated sweet sorghum in sub-Saharan Africa-Sudan.