bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimating the Concrete Compressive Strength by Using the Concrete Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity and Moduli of Elasticity
Authors: Bolborea Bogdan , Dan Sorin , Matei Claudiu , Gruin Aurelian , Baeră Cornelia , Perianu Ion Aurel
Published: June 2021

Developing a non-destructive method which delivers fast, accurate and non-invasive results regarding the concrete compressive strength, is an important issue, currently investigated by many researchers all over the world. Different methodologies, like using the simple non-destructive testing (NDT) or the fusion of different techniques approach, were taken into consideration in order to find the optimal, most suitable method. The purpose of this paper is to present a new approach in this direction. The methodology consists in predicting the concrete compressive strength through ultrasonic testing, for non-destructive determination of the dynamic and static moduli of elasticity. One important, basic assumption of the proposed methodology considers values provided by technical literature for concrete dynamic Poisson’s coefficient. The air-dry density was experimentally determined on concrete cores. The dynamic modulus of elasticity was also experimentally determined by using the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) method on concrete cores. Further on, the static modulus of elasticity and the concrete compressive strength can be mathematically calculated, by using the previously mentioned parameters. The experimental procedures were performed on concrete specimens, namely concrete cores extracted from the raft foundation of a multistorey building; initially they were subjected to the specific NDT, namely ultrasonic testing, and the validation of the results and the proposed methodology derives from the destructive testing of the specimens. The destructive testing is generally recognized as the most trustable method. The precision of the proposed method, established with respect to the destructive testing, revealed a high level of confidence, exceeding 90% (as mean value). It was noticed that even the cores with compressive strength outside of mean range interval (minimum and maximum values) presented high rate of precision, not influencing the overall result. The high rate of accuracy makes this method a suitable research background for further investigations, in order to establish a reliable NDT methodology which could substitute the very invasive and less convenient, destructive method.
Experiments on Friction Stir Processing (FSP), with Tilted Parent Metal
Authors: Verbiţchi Victor , Daşcău Horia Florin , Botila Lia-Nicoleta , Cojocaru Radu
Published: June 2021

Friction stir processing (FSP), with tilted parent metal is a new process, which consists in the use of an inclined base plate with an angle α = 1 - 3 º related to the table of the FSP processing machine, by mounting a calibrated part under one end of the base plate. Two clamping plates are fixed with screws on the base plate, and a sheet (parent metal, PM) or a workpiece is placed between the base plate and the clamping plates. The processing tool has the same tilt angle with respect to the sheet to be processed. Said parts are components of the jig for the process described. The processing tool performs a movement with the speed v(x), correlated with a simultaneous movement with the speed v(z) = v(x) tg α. The correlation is achieved by means of a program developed for the processing machine. Due to the tilt, during the FSP process, the leading edge of the rotating tool shoulder progressively enters the PM, continuously, at the point where the shoulder penetration depth in the PM is minimal. On the multifunctional friction processing machine, MMPF type, the processing by the described process of an aluminium alloy sheet, with the sizes 300 mm x 200 mm x 4 mm was performed. A hardened C45 steel tool was used, having the following technical characteristics: shoulder diameter 14 mm, smooth frusto-conical pin with a large diameter of 2.5 mm, a small diameter of 2.0 mm, and a height of 1.5 mm. The parameters had the following values: tilt angle α = 2° 6'; pin penetration depth h = 1.60 - 1.85 mm; tool speed n = 1500 - 2000 rpm; speed v(x) = 1 - 2 mm / s; speed (software correlated) v(z) = 0.03672181 * (1 - 2) mm / s; the temperature of the sheet behind the tool t = 240 - 420 °C. The appearance of the processed sheet is appropriate. No imperfections are observed. The results are appropriate. The tilted PM brings the following advantages of the process: the mechanical stress to produce burrs and / or chips on the surface of the PM decreases; the way the FSP process is carried out is improved, by reducing gap moving and vibrations; the appearance and mechanical characteristics of the processed areas are improved; the quality level of the executed products rises; wear of processing tools is reduced; energy efficiency increases; the electricity consumption of the machine decreases; productivity increases.
Development and application of a self-transcendence enhancement program for the well-being of elderly women living alone in Korea
Authors: Kim Sun-Mi , Ahn Sukhee
Published: June 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a self-transcendence enhancement program and examine its effect on self-transcendence, spiritual well-being, and psychological well-being in elderly women who lived alone. Methods: A self-transcendence enhancement program was developed through theory, literature review, and in-depth interviews. The theoretical framework came from the Psychoeducational Approach to Transcendence and Health intervention model based on Reed’s mid-range theory of self-transcendence. The program consisted of multiple modalities in a structured, theory-based program lasting for eight weekly sessions. Using a single-group pretest-posttest design, the program was tested on a group of 40 elderly women aged 75 to 84 years who lived alone in Daejeon, South Korea. Participants completed self-reported study questionnaires before and after the program at the elderly welfare center. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24.0, with significance level set at .05. Paired t-test was used to compare mean differences before and after the program. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 79.1 years. After completing the program, the participants showed higher levels of self-transcendence (t=8.78, p<.001), overall spiritual well-being (t=8.30, p=.002), religious spiritual well-being (t=1.79, p=.040), existential spiritual well-being (t=6.75, p=.002), and positive affect (t=3.77, p=.001) than they did before the program. They also reported lower levels of depression (t=–7.59, p<.001) and negative affect (t=–6.15, p<.001). Conclusion: The self-transcendence enhancement program developed in this study may be effective for improving the level of self-transcendence in elderly women living alone and helping them to attain spiritual and psychological well-being.
Workaholism, Sleep Disorders, and Potential E-Learning Impacts among Menoufia University Staff during Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Allam Heba Khodary , Helmy Mai Salah , El Badry Aziza Saad , Younis Faten Ezzelarab
Published: June 2021

Background

Workaholism is described as a constant, internal drive to work and behavioral addiction to work. Studies have shown the negative associations between workaholism, job performance, and health results as disrupted sleep. The purpose of this research was to compare the prevalence of workaholics among the academic staff of practical and theoretical Faculties in Egyptian universities using the Dutch Workaholism Scale (DUWAS) and to determine associated sleep problems. Also, it studied the added impact of E-learning on the prevalence of workaholism frequency during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design and methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 336 participants. Work addiction was assessed using DUWAS (17 items) as well as questionnaires on personal, occupational characteristics, and sleep problems. DUWAS scale was repeated after six months during COVID 19 pandemic to investigate the impact of E-learning on the workaholic behavior of the studied groups.

Results

Our study revealed that the prevalence of workaholism was 33%; 32.8% and 33.7% were listed for the faculties of Medicine and Arts, respectively. After the COVID-19 pandemic, workaholic frequency was significantly increased to be 46.4%. Adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that workaholism had negatively impacted sleep in terms of difficulty initiating sleep, difficulty maintaining sleep, and insufficient sleep.

Conclusion

The prevalence of workaholism appears to be high among university staff members especially after COVID-19 crisis. Sleep problems were linked to workaholics more than other workers. We recommend encouraging employees to work to their contracted hours, as excess work over extended periods may have adverse effects not only on organizational productivity but also on their health.
Cutaneous manifestations of coronavirus disease in Turkey
Authors: Yıldiray Yeniay , AyŞe Pekdemir Şen
Published: June 2021

Background:

Although the clinical features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection are mainly based on respiratory system symptoms, different types of skin manifestations have been described in the literature.

Objectives:

We investigated COVID-19 cases in Kocaeli, Turkey, in a period of 3 months to identify and figure out the real burden of skin lesions associated with COVID-19 infection.

Methods:

A total of 266 patients who had positive results on reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction analysis of nasopharyngeal swab for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 between March 2020 and June 2020 at our region were investigated for the study.

Results:

A total of 266 patients was included in this study, 92 (34.6%) patients were male and 174 (65.4%) were female. The mean ± standard deviation age of the patients was 49.2 ± 18.69 (range: 18–96 years). During clinical examination, 5 (1.9%) patients demonstrated skin lesions that might be associated with COVID-19 infection. These lesions consisted of urticaria in three patients and vesicular eruption in two patients.

Conclusion:

Although the incidence of cutaneous manifestations was lower than expected, these symptoms are valuable clues to identify patients or asymptomatic individuals in high-risk populations. Further prospective studies in larger populations are needed to better define the real cutaneous aspect of the disease.
Utility of lung ultrasound for extravascular lung water volume estimation during cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy
Authors: Mittal Amit Kumar , Jaipuria Jiten , Patel Anil , Bhatnagar Vishal , Chawla Rajiv , Singh Shivendra
Published: June 2021

Background and Aims:

Rising extravascular lung-water index (ELWI) following cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS + HIPEC), if not timely intervened, can progress to pulmonary oedema. Transpulmonary thermodilution (TPTDL) is a standard technique to estimate ELWI (T-ELWI score), and track ongoing changes. Lung ultrasound (LUS) is another technique for ELWI (L-ELWI score) estimation. However, reproducibility and reliability of LUS for tracking serial L-ELWI changes during CRS + HIPEC remains to be validated.

Methods:

This prospective observational study included 360 L-ELWI and T-ELWI measurements at 12 peri-operative time-points. Cohen's Kappa test was used to assess reproducibility, Inter-rater agreement (between the anaesthetist and radiologist), and agreement between LUS and TPTDL for classifying the severity of pulmonary oedema. Reliability of LUS for 'tracking serial changes' in ELWI over time in individual patients was assessed by determining the repeated measures correlation (z-rrm) between weighted L-ELWI and T-ELWI scores. The ability of both techniques to discriminate pulmonary oedema was compared by analysing the area under ROC curves.

Results:

Excellent inter-rater agreement for assigned L-ELWI scores was observed (linear weighted κ = 0.95 for both). Both techniques had a good agreement in classifying the severity of pulmonary oedema (linear weighted κ = 0.63, 95% CI 0.51–0.79). T-ELWI and weighted L-ELWI scores correlated strongly (z-rrm = 0.88, 95% CI 0.80–0.92, P < 0.0001). Both techniques had comparable ability to discriminate pulmonary oedema (difference in area under ROC curve = 0.0014, 95%CI –0.0027 to 0.0055, P = 0.5043).

Conclusion:

We found the utility of LUS as a reliable and reproducible technique for ELWI estimation and tracking its changes over time in CRS + HIPEC.
Sepsis – An Overview
Authors: Suraj K. P. , Chandran Arjun
Published: June 2021

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host response to infection. Even with advancement in understanding the pathophysiology and various monitoring tools and treatment measures, sepsis still remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity in critically ill patients. Over the last three decades, significant changes were seen regarding understanding the pathophysiology of sepsis. The management of sepsis has evolved over the last two decades by the advent of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines which recommends early recognition and prompt treatment without delay.
Moments and interpretations of the Cohen–Lenstra–Martinet heuristics
Authors: Wang Weitong , Wood Melanie Matchett
Published: June 2021

The goal of this paper is to prove theorems that elucidate the Cohen–Lenstra–Martinet conjectures for the distributions of class groups of number fields, and further the understanding of their implications. We start by giving a simpler statement of the conjectures. We show that the probabilities that arise are inversely proportional to the number of automorphisms of structures slightly larger than the class groups. We find the moments of the Cohen–Lenstra–Martinet distributions and prove that the distributions are determined by their moments. In order to apply these conjectures to class groups of non-Galois fields, we prove a new theorem on the capitulation kernel (of ideal classes that become trivial in a larger field) to relate the class groups of non-Galois fields to the class groups of Galois fields. We then construct an integral model of the Hecke algebra of a finite group, show that it acts naturally on class groups of non-Galois fields, and prove that the Cohen–Lenstra–Martinet conjectures predict a distribution for class groups of non-Galois fields that involves the inverse of the number of automorphisms of the class group as a Hecke-module.
Design and Field Methods of the ARISE Network COVID-19 Rapid Monitoring Survey
Authors: Hemler Elena C. , Korte Michelle L. , Lankoande Bruno , Millogo Ourohiré , Assefa Nega , Chukwu Angela , Workneh Firehiwot , Tinkasimile Amani , Lyatuu Isaac , Soura Abdramane , Wang Dongqing , Madzorera Isabel , Vuai Said , Bärnighausen Till , Sando Mary Mwanyika , Killewo Japhet , Oduola Ayoade , Sie Ali , Berhane Yemane , Fawzi Wafaie W.
Published: June 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significant health and economic ramifications across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Data regarding its far-reaching impacts are severely lacking, thereby hindering the development of evidence-based strategies to mitigate its direct and indirect health consequences. To address this need, the Africa Research, Implementation Science, and Education (ARISE) Network established a mobile survey platform in SSA to generate longitudinal data regarding knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to COVID-19 prevention and management and to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on health and socioeconomic domains. We conducted a baseline survey of 900 healthcare workers, 1,795 adolescents 10 to 19 years of age, and 1,797 adults 20 years or older at six urban and rural sites in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, and Nigeria. Households were selected using sampling frames of existing Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems or national surveys when possible. Healthcare providers in urban areas were sampled using lists from professional associations. Data were collected through computer-assisted telephone interviews from July to November 2020. Consenting participants responded to surveys assessing KAP and the impact of the pandemic on nutrition, food security, healthcare access and utilization, lifestyle, and mental health. We found that mobile telephone surveys can be a rapid and reliable strategy for data collection during emergencies, but challenges exist with response rates. Maintaining accurate databases of telephone numbers and conducting brief baseline in-person visits can improve response rates. The challenges and lessons learned from this effort can inform future survey efforts during COVID-19 and other emergencies, as well as remote data collection in SSA in general.
The COVID-19 Pandemic and Adolescents’ Experience in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Cross-Country Study Using a Telephone Survey
Authors: Wang Dongqing , Chukwu Angela , Millogo Ourohiré , Assefa Nega , James Christabel , Young Tara , Lankoande Bruno , Workneh Firehiwot , Hemler Elena C. , Korte Michelle L. , Mattei Josiemer , Soura Abdramane Bassiahi , Sie Ali , Oduola Ayoade , Berhane Yemane , Fawzi Wafaie W.
Published: June 2021

The public health measures instituted by governments to combat the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may cause developmental and educational losses to adolescents. The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and its mitigation strategies on adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa are unclear. This study aimed to examine adolescents’ knowledge, perceptions, and practices related to COVID-19 and the impacts of the pandemic on the daily lives of adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. The survey was conducted in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, and Nigeria using computer-assisted telephone interviews to enable rapid and remote data collection. Two sites were included in each country, with approximately 300 adolescents per site and 1,795 adolescents in total. Variations across the six sites were noted for the proportions of the adolescents who could correctly identify all key COVID-19 symptoms (4–25%), transmission methods (16–59%), and prevention approaches (33–79%). Most (> 72%) of the adolescents were no longer going to school due to school closures. Many adolescents (23–81%) were not receiving any education during the pandemic. A considerable proportion of the adolescents (44–83%) self-assessed as having less ability to learn during the pandemic; many expected it to be very difficult to catch up on education after the pandemic. Decreases in the consumption of major food groups were common across sites. Urgent actions are needed in sub-Saharan Africa to address the inadequate knowledge of COVID-19 among adolescents and the impacts of the pandemic on adolescent education and nutrition.
High-pressure balloon dilatation for the treatment of primary obstructive megaureter: is it the first line of treatment in children and infants?
Authors: Torino Giovanni , Roberti Agnese , Brandigi Elisa , Turrà Francesco , Fonzone Antonio , Di Iorio Giovanni
Published: June 2021

AIMS OF THE STUDY
To evaluate the efficacy of high-pressure balloon dilatation (HPBD) as treatment of primary obstructive megaureter (POM) in paediatric patients, we analysed the data of our institute from June 2018 to September 2019.

METHODS
14 patients, aged 5 months to 5 years, with POM were treated with HPBD. All patients had a distal ureter dilatation greater than 7 mm associated with obstructive features on a mercaptoacetyl triglycine-3 diuretic renogram scan, and a voiding cystourethrogram without vesicoureteral reflux. HPBD was performed in 12 patients, whereas 2 patients (14%), aged 5 and 6 months, required open surgical treatment because of failure to pass the balloon catheter through the vesicoureteral junction. The procedure was performed with a 5 Fr balloon catheter for two cycles of 5 minutes each at 17 atm. A double-J stent and a urinary catheter were inserted at the end of procedure in all patients.

RESULTS
No operative complications or symptoms or recurrence were recorded in our series. The patients were generally discharged 24 hours after surgery. All the patients showed an improvement on ultrasonography at the postoperative follow-up, with no evidence of obstruction. During the procedure a clear stenotic ring was identified in 10 of the 12 patients, which disappeared in all 10 cases after the HPBD technique.

CONCLUSIONS
Based on our experience, HPBD may be considered the first-line surgical approach in the treatment of POM in children, avoiding bladder surgery in most cases.
The Failure of Media Mediation and Digital Trauma
Authors: Young MyKaila
Published: June 2021

Amit Pinchevski: Transmitted Wounds: Media and the Mediation of Trauma, Oxford University Press, New York 2019, 200 pages.
Appsgate, a Programmable Domestic Eco-system: Learning from "Living in it"
Authors: Coutaz Joëlle , Crowley James L.
Published: June 2021

We present an experience with the development and evaluation of AppsGate, an ecosystem for the home that can be programmed by end-users. We show the benefits from using the homes of the project team members as real-life living-labs. In particular, we discuss the first person perspective experience as an effective way to conduct longitudinal experiments in real world settings. We conclude that a programmable habitat is desirable provided that attention cost is minimized

Cet article présente un retour d’expérience avec la mise en oeuvre et l’évaluation d’AppsGate, un écosystème domestique programmable par l’habitant. Nous montrons l’apport de l’utilisation des domiciles de membres du projet tout au long du processus de développement, et notamment l’intérêt de « vivre avec » comme technique d’expérimentation longitudinale
Fuzzy4U : un moteur d’adaptation en logique floue pour l’accessibilité des interfaces utilisateurs
Authors: Giuffrida Tanguy , Céret Eric , Dupuy-Chessa Sophie , Poli Jean-Philippe
Published: June 2021

With the massive spread of Internet use, the accessibility of user interfaces (UI) is an ever more pressing need. Much work has been developed on this subject in order to define generic or situational accessibility recommendations and to propose tools for user interface adaptation. However, difficulties remain, particularly related to the complexity of possible contexts of use, such as the multiplicity of characteristics of the context of use, the imprecision of the values assigned to these characteristics and the combination of multiple adaptation rules. This article shows how a dynamic adaptation engine based on fuzzy logic can be used to implement accessibility recommendations. We show how this approach makes it possible to overcome these difficulties through fuzzy logic with the capacity to manage combinatorial rules, making it possible to take into account potentially complex contexts of use. This approach is illustrated with a concrete example.

Avec la diffusion massive de l'utilisation d'Internet, l'accessibilité des interfaces est un besoin toujours plus prégnant. De nombreux travaux se sont penchés sur ce sujet afin de définir des recommandations d'accessibilité génériques ou situationnelles, et proposer des outils d'adaptation des interfaces utilisateurs. Cependant, des difficultés, notamment liées à la complexité des contextes d'usage possibles, demeurent tels que la multiplicité des caractéristiques du contexte d'usage, l'imprécision des valeurs attribuées à ces caractéristiques et la combinaison de multiples règles d'adaptation. Cet article montre comment un moteur d'adaptation dynamique basé sur la logique floue peut être utilisé pour implémenter les préconisations en accessibilité. Il montre comment cette approche permet de dépasser ces verrous grâce à la logique floue et sa gestion de la combinatoire des règles, permettant de prendre en compte un contexte d'usage potentiellement complexe que nous illustrons avec un exemple concret.
Evaluation of a touch interface for the control of electric wheelchairs for people suffering from neuromuscular diseases
Authors: Guedira Youssef , Dervin Delphine , Brohm Pierre-Eric , Farcy René , Bellik Yacine
Published: June 2021

Power wheelchairs remain an efficient means of regaining mobility for many people around the world. Unfortunately, some are not able to use power wheelchairs because of difficulties using a standard joystick. People with neuromuscular diseases who experience a loss in muscular strength find it difficult to use of a joystick. In this paper, we explore steering power wheelchairs using a tactile interface on a smartphone. Eleven users with neuromuscular diseases tried this type of steering in free learning sessions. Four among them were able to take part in an experiment where we evaluated their kinematic performance between the use of the tactile steering interface and the joystick. The paper presents data and observations from both sessions and tries to detect tendencies and draw hypotheses that can guide further and in-depth clinical testing of the tactile steering for wheelchair users suffering from neuromuscular diseases. Overall, the user performance with the tablet was close or the same as their performance with the joystick. In addition, the users reported a lesser level of physical demand of the tactile steering over the joystick

Les fauteuils roulants électriques constituent un moyen efficace de retrouver une certaine mobilité pour de nombreuses personnes dans le monde. Malheureusement, certaines ne sont pas en mesure d'utiliser un fauteuil roulant électrique en raison de difficultés éprouvées lors de l'utilisation d'un joystick standard. Les personnes atteintes de maladies neuromusculaires souffrant d'une perte de force musculaire ont du mal à utiliser un joystick. Dans cet article, nous explorons l'utilisation d'une interface tactile sur un smartphone pour le pilotage de fauteuils roulants électriques. Onze utilisateurs atteints de maladies neuromusculaires ont testé notre prototype lors de séances d'initiation. Parmi eux, quatre ont pu participer à une expérience dans laquelle nous avons évalué leur performance cinématique lors de l’utilisation de l’interface de pilotage tactile et du joystick. Cet article présente des données et des observations issues de ces deux campagnes (initiation et évaluation), met en évidence des tendances et dégage des hypothèses qui peuvent guider versdes essais cliniques plus approfondis concernant le pilotage tactile pour des utilisateurs de fauteuils roulants souffrant de maladies neuromusculaires. Dans l’ensemble, les performances des utilisateurs avec la tablette étaient proches de celles du joystick. En outre, les utilisateurs ont signalé un sentiment de moindre fatigue physique avec l'interface tactile par rapport au joystick
IHM de Suppléance Sensorielle Visuo-Tactile pour Aveugles et d'Intégration Sensorielle pour Autistes
Authors: Segond Hervé , Maris Stéphane , Desnos Yves , Belusso Perrine
Published: June 2021

Our research focuses on perceptual and cognitive mechanisms involved in learning procedures in order to develop and validate innovating technologies in the field of health for blind people through the implementation of an embarked version of a Tactile Vision Sensory Substitution device (TVSS) with wireless connections between the three TVSS components (micro camera, coupling system and matrix of tactile stimulators), aesthetically acceptable and allowing an ecological use. Such a device could allow prevention of developmental disorders in blind infants, autonomy for blind people in everyday life (thanks to the implementation of a Human Machine Interface allowing connections between the embarked TVSS device and a Personal Computer with a software development presenting a 3D numerization of the subject's urban environment). A new perspective is proposed in favor of innovating taking care programs for autistic people. The main goal of this project is to allow disabled people to benefit from the scientifically demonstrated efficacy of TVSS devices.
La recherche collaborative d'information sur Internet : impact de l'affinité entre les jeunes collaborateurs
Authors: Dinet Jerome , Vivian Robin , Simonnot Brigitte
Published: June 2021

Two experimental studies aim at describing the impacts of pair interaction and affective factors during the process of collaborative search for information on the World Wide Web when end-users are young learners recruited from Grade 3. In three successive sessions, students were asked to find answers to questions related to medieval history on the Internet. In these three sessions, students were asked to find these answers alone (condition "Alone"), or with a friend (condition "Affinity +"), or with another pupil who was not a friend (condition "Affinity -"). Several significant results have been obtained: (1) pairs retrieved effectively more answers, more correct answers, and were more efficient than singles; (2) pairs composed of children without social affinity retrieved more answers, more correct answers and were more efficient than pairs composed of friends; (3) pairs composed of friends produced significantly more irrelevant queries than pairs composed of children without social affinity; (4) pairs composed of children without social affinity are engaged in a great deal of consensus seeking, compared with the pairs composed of friends.
Espaces d’Informations Personnelles : Utilisabilité et Modification Utilisateurs
Authors: Detraux Claudia , Scapin Dominique
Published: June 2021

This paper presents a study on the usability of a new prototype system for managing personal information on the Internet (PIMI). The objectives are to assess its ease of use, and assess user modification as an evaluation technique. Thirty users participated in the experiment: the first part was a classical usability test (TUC) and a second part was a usability test with user modifications (TUM). A total of 51 usability problems were diagnosed. Among them, 32 with TUC, and 19 with TUM. Part of the latter (11) adds to those identified with TUC, and those previously diagnosed during a usability inspection (IU with Ergonomic Criteria). The active participation of users through customization scenarios seems to provide additional clues for evaluating usability and for design (new generic usability recommendations).

Cet article présente une étude sur l'utilisabilité d'un nouveau prototype de système de gestion des informations personnelles sur Internet (PIMI). Les objectifs sont d'évaluer sa facilité d'utilisation, et d'évaluer la modification utilisateur comme technique d'évaluation. Trente utilisateurs ont participé à l'expérience : une première partie consistait en un test utilisateur classique (TUC) et une seconde partie était un test d'utilisabilité avec modifications utilisateur (TUM). Un total de 51 problèmes d'utilisabilité a été diagnostiqué. Parmi eux, 32 ont été identifiés avec TUC, et 19 avec TUM. Une partie de ces derniers (11) s'ajoute à ceux identifiés avec TUC, et à ceux diagnostiqués précédemment lors d'une inspection de l'utilisabilité (IU avec Critères Ergonomiques). La participation active des utilisateurs au travers de scénarios de personnalisation semble fournir des indices supplémentaires pour l'évaluation de l'utilisabilité et pour la conception (nouvelles recommandations génériques d'utilisabilité). Mots clés : Utilisabilité ; méthodes d'évaluation ; modifications utilisateur ; e-gov. ; informations personnelles. Abstract: This paper presents a study on the usability of a new prototype system for managing personal information on the Internet (PIMI). The objectives are to assess its ease of use, and assess user modification as an evaluation technique. Thirty users participated in the experiment: the first part was a classical usability test (TUC) and a second part was a usability test with user modifications (TUM). A total of 51 usability problems were diagnosed. Among them, 32 with TUC, and 19 with TUM. Part of the latter (11) adds to those identified with TUC, and those previously diagnosed during a usability inspection (IU with Ergonomic Criteria). The active participation of users through customization scenarios seems to provide additional clues for evaluating usability and for design (new generic usability recommendations).
An empirical study on the user's context in mobile videoconferencing devices
Authors: Calvo Ignacio , Dorta Tomas , Robert Jean-Marc
Published: June 2021

This paper presents an exploratory empirical study on the user's context in mobile videoconferencing in order to improve the user interface of mobile video devices. Through the rich exchange of information, mobile video communication can provide a better sense of presence than other means of communication. Yet the current mobile interfaces lack the flexibility required to be creative and more meaningful in a videoconference exchange. We conducted observations with 16 participants in three activities where their conversations, reactions and behaviours were observed. Two focus groups were used to identify habits formed from regular use. Results suggest an important difference between the use of the front-facing or back-facing camera and the importance of offering tools that provide more control over the video exchange. From theses results, the study proposes several design recommendations for mobile video communication interfaces in order to support the construction of the user's mobile context.

Ce document présente une étude empirique sur l'utilisation de la vidéoconférence mobile et le contexte de l'usager afin de proposer des lignes directrices pour la conception des interfaces des dispositifs de communication vidéo mobile. Grâce à un échange riche d'informations, ce type de communication peut amener un sentiment de présence fort, mais les interfaces actuelles manquent de flexibilité pour permettre aux usagers d'être créatifs et pour avoir des échanges plus significatifs dans une vidéoconférence. Nous avons mené des observations avec 16 participants dans trois activités où leurs conversations, les réactions et les comportements ont été observés. Deux groupes de discussion ont aussi servi pour identifier les habitudes formées à partir d'une utilisation régulière. Les résultats suggèrent une différence importante entre l'utilisation de la caméra de face ou de dos, le type de comportement, et la nécessité de fournir des outils qui offrent plus de contrôle sur l'échange dans la conversation. D'après les résultats, l'étude propose plusieurs lignes directrices de conception pour les interfaces de communication vidéo mobiles, concernant la construction du contexte mobile de l'utilisateur.
Persuasive Systems for Energy: Cartography of Design Spaces and Proposition of the UP+ Framework
Authors: Nguyen Van , Laurillau Yann , Calvary Gaëlle , Coutaz Joëlle
Published: June 2021

This article reviews surveys, design spaces, and frameworks related to the design of persuasive interactive systems, with a particular focus on energy. We first propose a cartography of these conceptual tools. Most previous work focuses on persuasion principles but is difficult to apply for the software design and engineering of persuasive interactive systems. As a result, we propose UP+, a new framework that synthetizes and revisits existing surveys, design spaces, and frameworks from the software engineering perspective of persuasive interactive systems.

Cet article propose un état de l’art d’espaces de conception et d’études pour les systèmes interactifs persuasifs, en particulier dans le domaine de l’énergie. Nous établissons et proposons une cartographie des principes de persuasion et des caractéristiques des systèmes persuasifs captées par ces outils. Nous observons que la plupart de ces outils sont difficiles à exploiter pour l’ingénierie de ces systèmes. Aussi, à partir de cette cartographie, nous proposons le framework UP+ qui synthétise et revisite ces outils d’un point de vue de l’ingénierie des systèmes interactifs persuasifs.
Human-Computer Interaction against climate change: review of a controversy
Authors: Rivière Guillaume
Published: June 2021

Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) is a means for Information and Communication Technologies to help facing the climate-change challenge. Researchers have conducted work on this way for two decades. They followed the track of progressive change through persuasion for individual consumption reduction. This track is however seriously discussed, what leads the community to retarget coming research. This paper reviews the main criticisms of the controversy that takes place in the community, and considers a possible track to overcome the problems: a radical change through new social practices.

Un des moyens par lesquels les Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication peuvent contribuer à faire face au défi du changement climatique est par l’Interaction Homme-Machine. Des travaux de recherche ont déjà été conduits en ce sens depuis deux décennies. La voie empruntée, d’un changement progressif par réduction de la consommation individuelle, est cependant remise en cause sur certains points, ce qui doit amener la communauté à réorienter les prochains travaux de recherche. Cet article assemble les principales critiques issues de la controverse qui animent la communauté et envisage une voie ouverte pour remédier à cette remise en question : un changement radical par de nouvelles pratiques sociales.
A shape-changing cylindrical chart that displays energy availability forecasts
Authors: Daniel Maxime , Rivière Guillaume , Couture Nadine
Published: June 2021

Optimizing microgrids' renewable-energy-consumption rates can be done by energy demand-side management. Shifting consumption at better moments is possible thanks to storage capacities. To explore this context, we consider a new practice aiming at shifting laptops' consumption on workplaces thanks to their batteries. This practice requires providing usage instructions and forecasts on renewable energy availability. In order to do this, we evaluated the usability of a shape-changing cylindrical histogram, during a two-day public event, by asking 90 visitors. We also tested three kinds of motion speed in peripheral vision in order to notify neither disturbing nor irritating, by requiring 30 participants in lab conditions. Our results show success rates over 90% for range and compare tasks, which are necessary to retrieve renewable energy production peaks. Our results show that an exponential speed is the best to design perceptible movements, whereas being as calm as a constant speed.

Un moyen d'optimiser le taux d'énergie renouvelable consommé sur les micro-réseaux est la gestion de la demande en énergie. Décaler la consommation aux moments propices est possible avec des moyens de stockage. Pour explorer ce contexte, nous envisageons une nouvelle pratique visant à décaler la consommation des ordinateurs portables sur le lieu de travail grâce à leurs batteries. Cette pratique nécessite de fournir des consignes d'usage et des prévisions de disponibilité des énergies renouvelables. Pour ce faire, nous avons évalué l'utilisabilité d'un histogramme cylindrique à changement de forme, lors d'un évènement public sur deux jours, en interrogeant 90 visiteurs. Nous avons aussi testé trois profils de vitesse des mouvements en vision périphérique de sorte à notifier sans perturber ni agacer, en sollicitant 30 participants en condition de laboratoire. Nos résultats montrent des taux de réussite au-delà de 90% pour des tâches de recherche d'intervalle et de comparaison, nécessaires pour retrouver les pics de production d'énergie renouvelable. Nos résultats montrent qu'une vitesse exponentielle est la plus efficace pour rendre perceptible le mouvement tout en étant aussi peu perturbante qu'une vitesse constante.
Persuasive Context
Authors: Foulonneau Anthony , Calvary Gaëlle , Villain Eric
Published: June 2021

The background of persuasive technologies is the traditional interpersonal persuasion, studied for over two thousand years in rethoric, philosophy, and more recently in psychology. This last discipline offers many theories and models to understand more precisely the processes that influence human behaviors. These theories show in particular that persuasive situations are complex, varied, with many influence factors. Therefore, we propose the notion of adaptive persuasive technologies, i.e. technologies able to adapt their persuasive strategies to the user context. To design such products and services, we propose a model of the persuasive context, i.e. of all the constraints that influence a user’s targeted behavior at a given time. Each constraint in the persuasive context is at the same time an adaptation criterion and an action leverage for the adaptive persuasive technology.

Les technologies persuasives ont pour fondement la persuasion inter-personnelle, étudiée depuis plus de deux millénaires dans le champ de la rhétorique, de la philosophie, et plus récemment de la psychologie. Cette dernière discipline propose des théories et des modèles pour rendre compte et comprendre les processus à l’œuvre dans le choix d’un comportement. Ces théories montrent en particulier que les situations persuasives sont complexes, variées, avec de nombreux facteurs d’influence. C’est pourquoi nous proposons la notion de technologies persuasives adaptatives, des technologies capables d’adapter leurs stratégies de persuasion à l’utilisateur dans son contexte. Pour mettre en œuvre ces dispositifs, nous proposons une modélisation du contexte persuasif, c’est-à-dire de l’ensemble des contraintes qui influencent l’adoption d’un comportement cible par un individu à un instant donné. Chacune de ces contraintes est à la fois un critère d’adaptation et un levier d’action dans la quête persuasive de la technologie.
Development of an Integrated Complex of Knowledge Base and Tools of Expert Systems for Assessing Knowledge of Students in Mathematics within the Framework of a Hybrid Intelligent Learning Environment
Authors: Druzhinina O. V. , Karpacheva I. A. , Masina O. N. , Petrov A. A.
Published: June 2021

The paper is devoted to the development of instrumental and methodological support for the assessment of students' knowledge in mathematics in the framework of a hybrid intellectual learning environment. According to the structural scheme of the model of intellectual assessment of knowledge and creative potential of students in mathematics, the structure of the corresponding knowledge base is formalized. Knowledge base within the framework of data mining methods to create a module for monitoring and evaluating knowledge in mathematics has been developed. To model the educational process the authors propose methods for solving clustering, dimensionality reduction, and classification problems based on machine learning and artificial neural networks. The basics for the development of integrated knowledge base complexes and artificial intelligence tools for the educational process are presented. The obtained results are aimed at creating methods which ensure the processes of operational training, control and evaluation of knowledge.
Percepción social del cambio climático en estudiantes de Bachillerato Técnico en Jiutepec, Morelos, México
Authors: Mendoza Uribe Indalecio , Rodríguez López Olivia
Published: June 2021

El cambio climático se ha convertido en el principal problema ambiental a nivel planetario, por sus severos impactos en la sociedad y en los ecosistemas. Este trabajo tuvo el propósito de medir la percepción social de dicho fenómeno en estudiantes del Centro de Bachillerato Tecnológico, Industrial y de Servicios 166, en Jiutepec, México. Como método, se realizó una investigación de campo que aplicó una encuesta bajo la escala de Likert, cuyos resultados indicaron que los estudiantes tenían conocimientos sobre el tema y sus efectos negativos. El 80% de ellos declaró que las actividades humanas contribuyen a dichas alteraciones; a la vez que el 90% consideró que es responsabilidad de los académicos, científicos, ciudadanos, empresas y gobiernos, el disminuirlas mediante la participación conjunta. Aun cuando se concluye que existe un alto grado de percepción social sobre los actores, causas y efectos principales del cambio climático en los jóvenes de este nivel de enseñanza; todavía no se logra una conciencia plena y un compromiso serio, que fomente la transformación de sus actitudes proambientales en conductas reales como ciudadanos activos y responsables.
Studi Komparasi Konsep Jubata dan YHWH dalam Keluaran 3:14 Sebagai Upaya Kontekstualisasi Berita Injil Bagi Suku Dayak Kanayatn
Authors: David Andre , Panjaitan Firman
Published: June 2021

Gereja di Indonesia masih bergumul dengan upaya kontekstualisasi yang mampu mendaratkan pemahaman Teologi Alkitabiah kepada pemahaman masyarakat lokal. Hal itu terjadi karena sikap gereja yang cenderung menolak kearifan lokal dan memaksa kebudayaan barat kedalam konteks budaya Indonesia, secara khusus budaya Dayak Kanayatn. Beberapa peneliatan sebelumnya telah mencoba untuk melihat bagaimana Suku Dayak Kanayatn memahami iman mereka kepada Jubata yang tergambar pada kearifan lokal yang mereka miliki. Akan tetapi penelitian-penelitian itu belum sampai kepada upaya menunjukan identitas Jubata sebagai Yahweh. Oleh sebab itu artikel ini berupaya menunjukan bahwa Jubata adalah Yahweh yang dahulu telah menyatakan diri-Nya pada Israel, untuk membangun sebuah teologi yang kentekstual sehingga mampu mentransformasi budaya dan gereja, dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif studi etnografi untuk meneliti kearifan lokal suku Dayak Kanayatn dan tafsir tekstual untuk melihat bagaimana eksistensi Yahweh dalam keluaran 3:14. Nilai-nilai Kristus harus memberi kebaharuan pada kearifan lokal suku Dayak Kanayatn dan Jubata harus dipahami bukan sebagai berhala namun sebagai Yahweh yang berdaulat atas alam semesta dalam versi kearifan lokal suku Dayak Kanayatn. Sebab Jubata adalah yang Yahweh telah menyatakan diri-Nya dengan ungkapan “AKU ADALAH AKU ADA” untuk menyatakan eksistensi-Nya yang kekal dan berdaulat untuk menyatakan diri-Nya pada seluruh umat manusia, secara khsusus suku Dayak Kanayatn.
Peran Keteladanan Pemimpin dalam Keluarga Berdasarkan Efesus 5: 21-6:4
Authors: Santoso Joko , Sukirdi
Published: June 2021

Manusia diciptakan oleh Tuhan untuk suatu tujuan. Tujuan dapat dicapai oleh manusia, karena Tuhan memberi pengetahuan dan kemampuan tentang tujuan tersebut. Begitulah Tuhan menetapkan seorang pemimpin dalam keluarga. Tuhan memperlengkapi kebutuhan seseorang untuk dapat memimpin keluarga dengan benar, tepat dan berhasil. Kepemimpinan dalam keluarga disebut sebagai kepala keluarga, yang biasanya dipimpin oleh seorang pria. Pria dalam keluarga berdiri sebagai suami terhadap istri dan sebagai ayah terhadap anak-anak. Penerapan kepemimpinan tersebut dilakukan pada masa pandemi. Setiap keluarga mengalami persoalan dan tantangan berat yang berdampak pada relasi dan interaksi antar anggota keluarga. Peneliti menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan eksposisi, wawancara dan literatur. Hasil dan pembahasan ditemukan dasar-dasar keteladanan pemimpin dalam keluarga, dan selanjutnya diterapkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.
Border Crossing and Self-Placement of Characters with a Migratory Background in Contemporary German Novels
Authors: Jänchen Annabelle
Published: June 2021

The existence of a “Migrant literature” is heavily debated in German studies, especially when it comes to authors like those of the third voice, who are socialized in Germany and speak German as their mother tongue. Nonetheless, novels that deal with migration and living with migrant backgrounds have similar characteristics. This article is primarily about the topic of crossing borders in such migrant novels by Olga Grjasnowa, Sasha Marianna Salzmann and Dimitrij Kapitelman. Which effects does border crossing have on characters with a migration background? The novels examined are not only characterized by a border crossing of migration from east to west, but actually even by multiple border crossings on different levels, that are always linked to each other. The literature of the third voice unites aspects of migration, but equally also aspects of adolescent literature and family sagas. That is shown, among other things, in the presentation and meaning of boundaries and their crossings as identity-creating moments and as coping strategies. Therefore, these border crosser stories enable new perspectives compared to conventional family sagas and adolescent literature.