bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Co‐development of “BRAIN‐TRK”: Qualitative examination of acceptability, usability and feasibility of an App to support nurses' care for patients with behavioural and psychological symptoms of neurocognitive disorders in hospital
Authors: Redley Bernice , Richardson Ben , Peel Charlotte , Ockerby Cherene , Rawson Helen , Tomlinson Emily , Hutchinson Alison
Published: April 2019

Aims and objectives

(a) Describe the co‐development of a point‐of‐care App to promote uptake of best practice recommendations and consolidate nurses' knowledge for managing symptoms of neurocognitive disorders. (b) Report acceptability, usability and feasibility of the App to nurses for patient care in hospital.

Background

Strategies used in hospitals to reduce symptoms, risk of harm, or complications of behavioural and psychological symptoms associated with neurocognitive disorders are frequently inconsistent with best practice recommendations.

Design

Three‐stage, mixed‐methods, process and outcome evaluation.

Methods

The App was co‐developed with experts, nurse end‐users and a consumer. Evaluation data were collected from a convenience sample of nurses observed during delivery of 80.5 hr of care to 38 patients; the App (n = 32 patients); and individual and focus group interviews with nurses (n = 25). Reporting adhered to an adapted STROBE checklist.

Results

The App included three components: cognition and risk assessment; tailored evidence‐based strategies; and monitoring and evaluation of effectiveness. Observation data captured nurses using the App with 44.7% (n = 17) of eligible inpatients. Cognitive screening was completed at least once for each patient, with 146 risk assessments recorded. Interview data indicated the App's acceptability was enhanced by familiarity and perceived benefits, but hindered by perceived increases in workload, inconsistent use, pressure to use the App and resistance to change. Feasibility and usability were enhanced by easy navigation, and clear and useful content, but hindered by unclear expectations, unfamiliarity and device‐related factors.

Conclusions

The App provided an evidence‐based tool that was, overall, considered feasible and acceptable to support best practice. Findings provide guidance to enhance usability for future implementation.

Relevance to clinical practice

Co‐development using best evidence and key stakeholders enabled creation of a novel, feasible and acceptable technology. Real‐time access to assessment tools and tailored knowledge supported nurses' clinical decision‐making; workload and unfamiliarity were barriers to use.
Relationship between psychosocial adaptation and health‐related quality of life of patients with stoma: A descriptive, cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zhang Yu , Xian Hongtao , Yang Yang , Zhang Xiaoxue , Wang Xinran
Published: April 2019

Objective

To investigate the relationship between psychosocial adaptation and quality of life of patients with ostomies and to provide reference data for clinical care practice.

Background

Surgical enterostomy impacts the life of patient. Most patients are transferred to home or community hospital after discharge and require long‐term nursing care. These patients typically face problems with physical, psychological and social adaptation.

Design

Descriptive, cross‐sectional study.

Methods

Between March 2017–June 2017, the following questionnaires were electronically administered to 1,053 patients with enterostomy residing in 22 provinces, 4 autonomous regions for ethnic minorities and 4 direct‐controlled municipalities in China: Social Support Revalued Scale, validated Chinese version of Ostomy Adjustment Inventory and Stoma‐Quality of life‐Chinese. Univariate analysis, correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were used to assess the relationship between adaptation level and quality of life of patients with enterostomy, in order to provide reference data for clinical care practice and further improve the quality of life of these patients. The STROBE checklist was used in reporting this study.

Results

The mean score for psychosocial adaptation was 43.13 ± 13.09, which corresponded to a medium level; the mean score for quality of life was 56.54 ± 16.87. The level of psychosocial adaptation and each dimension showed a positive correlation with the quality of life of patient and each dimension (r = 0.349–0.890, p < 0.01). Univariate analysis revealed a signification association of quality of life with education level, medical payment method, area of residence, peristomal complications, regular defecation, occurrence of leaking, ability for self‐care of stoma, communication between patient and medical staff, and knowledge and skills pertaining to care of stoma. Results of hierarchical regression analysis indicated that psychosocial adaptation level was a predictor of quality of life (R2 = 0.708; p < 0.001).

Conclusions

In this study, the quality of life of patients with enterostomy was generally of a medium level. The level of psychosocial adaptation of the patient was closely linked to quality of life. During clinical care, concerted efforts should be made to encourage the patients to deal with the stoma positively and to help the patient and their families accept the stoma and change of image to reduce the adaption course and improve the quality of life.

Relevance to clinical practice

Patients tend to take a long time to adapt to the stoma after ostomy formation. Facilitating the adjustment of patients with enterostomy may improve their quality of life. Medical care providers should focus more attention on patients who have lower ostomy adjustment scores.
The experiences of physical activity in irritable bowel syndrome—A qualitative study
Authors: Johannesson Elisabet , Jakobsson Ung Eva , Ringström Gisela , Sadik Riadh
Published: April 2019

Aims and objectives

To explore experiences of physical activity in patients with Irritable bowel syndrome.

Background

Irritable bowel syndrome is a common functional bowel disorder. The knowledge of physical activity in Irritable bowel syndrome is limited and has not been qualitatively studied before.

Methods

We adopted a qualitative approach and a hermeneutic analysis. Fifteen patients with Irritable bowel syndrome (10 women) with a median age of 52 (31–78) years were interviewed. The Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research was used.

Results

Two themes emerged from the data: requirements of physical activity and capability for physical activity. The first of these consisted of five subthemes: add additional value, enable transportation, maintain health, cultivate interests and give a feeling of belonging. These qualities were the patients’ requirements of physical activity and comprised the patients’ motives and reasons for being physically active. The second consisted of four subthemes: life situation, earlier experiences, self‐image, and symptom variation and described the possibility and resources to be physically active in everyday life. The patients made active choices to adjust their physical activity in terms of type, intensity and amount. The two main themes affect each other reciprocally.

Conclusions

The requirements of and capabilities for physical activity should be taken into account when giving advice to patients on physical activity. Physical activity for a person with Irritable bowel syndrome is about finding activities which meet the patient's individual requirements of and capability for physical activity.

Relevance to clinical practice

This qualitative study on the experience pf physical activity in Irritable bowel syndrome provides knowledge to facilitate promoting physical activity among patients suffering from Irritable bowel syndrome. This knowledge can be used in other diagnosis.
Does Having an Affiliated Bank Improve Life Insurer Performance in a Turbulent Market?
Authors: Chiang Chia‐Chun
Published: April 2019

I find that life insurers with bank affiliates had higher premium growth rates than did other life insurers in 2008. The higher growth is derived mainly from annuity products (deposit‐type insurance products), which are often viewed as substitutes for bank certificates of deposit (CDs). The growth effect is consistent with cross‐selling between affiliated banks and affiliated life insurers. The spread between the guaranteed rates on annuity products and CDs in financial conglomerates widened in 2008, consistent with headquarters differentiating prices to move customers within the same group. In addition, the premium growth effect in 2008 is stronger for life insurers that suffered larger balance sheet shocks, as measured by the change in the risk‐based capital (RBC) ratio. The results support that headquarters used internal markets to reallocate resources to weaker divisions.
Teachers' Perspectives on Creating an Inclusive Climate in Middle School Physical Education for Overweight Students
Authors: Rukavina Paul , Doolittle Sarah , Li Weidong , Beale‐Tawfeeq Angela , Manson Mara
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND

Establishing and maintaining a positive, inclusive social climate in school is essential, especially given the many potential social pressures that make school a toxic environment for vulnerable students. We explored middle school physical education (PE) teachers' perceptions of the factors that influence the implementation of social‐oriented approaches to include overweight and obese students.

METHODS

We used a qualitative multicase study design guided by the Social Ecological Constraints model to study 9 PE teachers' perspectives and actions. We analyzed the transcripts of semistructured interviews, field notes, and artifacts related to teaching, PE programs, and school policies. Trust was established in conventional ways.

RESULTS

Social‐ecological factors influenced teachers including program and school culture, policies, and norms of collaboration. Teachers acted beyond their instructional setting level strategies and used school‐program level strategies to socially include overweight and obese in PE.

CONCLUSIONS

Some environments challenge employment of more than simple accommodations and a caring attitude; in others, teachers can collaborate with other school personnel to teach social goals through negotiating constraints, creating ingenious modifications and interactive tasks, and incorporating personal and social skills as a primary curricular goal.
First report of Alternaria leaf spot caused by Alternaria alternata (Fries.) Kiessler on Sonchus oleraceus L. and Convolvulus arvensis L. in Algeria
Authors: Abdessemed Nesma , Kerroum Ali , Bahet Youssef Anis , Talbi Nacèra , Zermane Nadjia
Published: April 2019

Alternaria leaf spot caused by Alternaria alternata (Fries.) Kiessler was found on sow thistle (Sonchus oleraceus L.) and field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) in the experimental station of ENSA (Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Agronomie) in Algiers, Algeria, during the winter of 2016. Necrotic spots in the form of concentric circles were observed on the leaves of both weeds with disease incidence of approximately 70% and disease severity ranging from 50% to 70%. Fungi were isolated from the infected leaves and identified as A. alternata, based on morphological and molecular analyses (using genetic marker internal transcribed spacer, ITS of rDNA). Pathogenicity tests confirmed that A. alternata is the causing agent of leaf spot disease of sow thistle and field bindweed in accordance with the original symptoms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of sow thistle and field bindweed naturally infected by A. alternata in Algeria.
Rural‐Urban Differences in Adverse Childhood Experiences Across a National Sample of Children
Authors: Crouch Elizabeth , Radcliff Elizabeth , Probst Janice C. , Bennett Kevin J. , McKinney Selina Hunt
Published: April 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) exposure in 34 states and the District of Columbia, and whether exposure differs between rural and urban residents.

Methods: This cross‐sectional study used data from the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH), restricted to states in which rural versus urban residence was indicated in the public use data (n = 25,977 respondents). Bivariate analyses were used to estimate unadjusted associations. Multivariable regression models were run to examine the association between residence (rural or urban) and ACE counts of 4 or more.

Findings: Compared to urban children, rural children had higher rates of exposure to the majority of the ACEs examined: parental separation/divorce, parental death, household incarceration, household violence, household mental illness, household substance abuse, and economic hardship. In adjusted analysis, there was no significant difference for rural children compared to urban children. The odds of 4 or more ACEs decrease as poverty levels decline, with children residing 0%‐99% below the federal poverty line more likely to have reported 4 or more ACEs, compared to children residing 400% or above the federal poverty line (aOR 4.02; CI: 2.65‐6.11).

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that poverty is a key policy lever that may mitigate the burden of ACE exposure. The findings of this study may be instructive for policymakers and program planners as they develop interventions to stop, reduce, or mitigate ACE exposure and the long‐term impact of ACEs among children in rural America.
Diagnostic value of noninvasive pulse pressure measurements in Warmblood horses with aortic regurgitation
Authors: Boegli Julia , Schwarzwald Colin C. , Mitchell Katharyn J.
Published: April 2019

Background

Noninvasive blood pressures (NIBP) and pulse pressures (PP) have not been published in horses with aortic and mitral regurgitation (AR or MR).

Objectives

To investigate NIBP and PP in healthy Warmblood horses and horses with AR and MR and propose PP cutoffs to identify and stage AR severity.

Animals

Seventy‐three Warmblood horses (healthy, 10; AR, 31; MR, 32).

Methods

Retrospective study. All horses had NIBP and an echocardiogram recorded. Cases were categorized based on severity of regurgitation. Pulse pressures were compared among healthy, MR, and AR groups and among AR severity groups. Cutoffs were determined by receiver operating characteristic curve analyses.

Results

Horses with AR had higher PP than horses with MR (mean difference [95% confidence interval (CI)], +17 [9‐26] mm Hg,P< .001) and controls (+17 [5‐30] mm Hg;P=.004). Horses with severe AR had higher PP compared those with mild (+38 [20‐54] mm Hg;P< 0.001) and moderate AR (+33 [18‐47] mm Hg;P< .001). The PP cutoffs to distinguish AR from MR and controls were 38 mm Hg (sensitivity [Sn], 100%; specificity [Sp], 19%) for maximal Sn and 61 mm Hg (Sn, 43%; Sp, 100%) for maximal Sp. The PP cutoffs to distinguish severe AR from mild and moderate AR were 57 mm Hg (Sn, 100%; Sp, 70%) for maximal Sn and 77 mm Hg (Sn, 75%; Sp, 100%) for maximal Sp.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Horses with AR have increased PP. Noninvasive PP measurements interpreted with provided cutoffs may aid clinicians in diagnosing and staging severity of AR in horses.
Astrocytic tau pathologies in aged human brain
Authors: Okamoto Koichi , Amari Masakuni , Fukuda Toshio , Suzuki Keiji , Takatama Masamitsu
Published: April 2019

Argyrophilic and tau‐positive abnormal structures in astrocytes are frequent in aged brains, with a new nomenclature of aging‐related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG) proposed. The two major cytomorphologies of ARTAG are thorn‐shaped astrocytes (TSA) and granular or fuzzy tau immunoreactivity in processes of astrocytes (GFA). We selected 28 cases in which many AT8‐identified astrocytic tauopathies were observed in the central nervous system from 330 routine aged autopsied cases, including Alzheimer's disease. AT8‐identified and Gallyas silver staining‐positive TSA were observed in subpial, subependymal, perivascular areas as well as white matter. These TSA were 4‐repeat (4R) tau‐positive. In contrast, 3‐repeat (3R)‐tau was negative in TSA, but positive in short thick cell processes, likely neuropil threads, in subpial and subependymal areas. The frequency of 3R‐tau‐positive processes was variable. Small dot‐like AT8‐identified astrocytic processes surrounding vessels in the neuropil were also positive for 4R‐tau, but negative for 3R‐tau. GFA in cerebral gray matter were AT8‐identified and Gallyas‐positive, and positive for 4R‐tau but negative for 3R‐tau. In this study, we did not identify 3R‐tau+/4R‐tau+ or 3R‐tau+/4R‐tau– astrocytes. Further studies are needed to clarify the nature and progression of glial tau‐positive structures in ARTAG.
Supervenience, Repeatability, & Expressivism
Authors: Atiq Emad H.
Published: April 2019

Expressivists traditionally explain normative supervenience by saying it is a conceptual truth. I argue against this tradition in two steps. First, I show the modal claim that stands in need of explanation has been stated imprecisely. Classic arguments in metaethics for normative supervenience and those that rely on it as a premise presuppose a constraint on the supervenience base that is rarely (if ever) made explicit: the repeatability of the non‐normative properties on which the normative supervenes. Non‐normative properties are repeatable when it is possible for numerically distinct individuals to share them. Second, I show if the modal truth that stands in need of explanation entails that there are individuals exactly alike in repeatable non‐normative respects that cannot normatively differ, then standard expressivist accounts of normative supervenience as a conceptual truth are unsuccessful. Expressivist metasemantics for normative terms, together with constitutive facts about the non‐cognitive attitudes essentially involved in normative thought, strongly suggest that repeatable supervenience could not be a conceptual truth. I argue, finally, that although repeatable supervenience bears the marks of a conceptual truth, expressivists should be content to treat it as an ordinary normative truth, and to explain it the same way they explain other normative truths.
Individual and contextual determinants of dental pain in adolescents: Evidence from a national survey
Authors: Freire Maria C. M. , Nery Newillames G. , Jordão Lidia M. R. , Abreu Mauro H. N. G.
Published: April 2019

Objective

To investigate the prevalence of dental pain among adolescent students and its association with individual, school and city variables, using a multilevel approach.

Subjects and Methods

Individual and school data were obtained from the National Adolescent School‐Based Health Survey (PeNSE) conducted in Brazil in 2015 in a sample of 34,776 students from 1,339 schools in the 27 Brazilian capital cities. Secondary data on socioeconomic, structural and health indicators of the cities were obtained from public databases. The outcome was the prevalence of dental pain in the last six months (yes/no). Independent variables, consisting of potential social and behavioural determinants of dental pain, were structured in three levels: individual, school and city. Multilevel logistic regression was performed.

Results

Prevalence of dental pain was 21.8% (95% CI = 21.0–22.7). Unadjusted analysis showed significant associations between the outcome and most of the factors in the individual and in the contextual levels. In the final adjusted model, adolescents who reported unfavourable health‐related behaviours, adverse socioeconomic or psychosocial characteristics, as well as those attending public schools and living in cities with high caries prevalence (DMFT) at age 12, were more likely to report dental pain.

Conclusions

Prevalence of dental pain was high and associated with adverse individual and contextual factors in the school and city levels.
Patient satisfaction with a postal service for occlusal splints
Authors: Allison J.R. , Currie C. , Trainor J. , Corson M. , Durham J.
Published: April 2019

Aim

Occlusal splints are an effective intervention for temporomandibular disorders, and are often used in tooth wear, for protection of extensive adhesive restorations, and as a means of applying medications to gingival conditions. Patients may be required to attend a second appointment to fit the device after impressions are taken, however, some units may send the device in the post once constructed. These appliances rarely require modification to fit and are not occlusally adjusted. The aim of the present study was to assess patients’ satisfaction with a postal system for soft splints.

Methods

100 consecutive patients who had been issued with a soft occlusal splint by post immediately prior to August 2015 were sent a questionnaire assessing their satisfaction with receiving the splint in this manner.

Results

The response rate was 42%. 93% of respondents reported that their splint fitted correctly and 98% reported that they had used it, with the mean length of wear being 8.7 weeks (SD: 5.7). 81% of patients reported that the splint helped “a lot” or “a little”. 83% of patients reported being “very happy” or “happy”, and 15% were “not bothered” about not seeing a clinician.

Conclusions

Our results would suggest that patients are generally pleased with receiving a splint in the post. This system may allow reduced demand on services and may reduce out of pocket and time costs incurred to patients. The low response rate however may affect generalisability.
A high‐throughput transient expression system for rice
Authors: Page Mike T. , Parry Martin A.J. , Carmo‐Silva Elizabete
Published: April 2019

Rice is an important global crop and represents a vital source of calories for many food insecure regions. Efforts to improve this crop by improving yield, nutritional content, stress tolerance, or resilience to climate change are certain to include biotechnological approaches, which rely on the expression of transgenes in planta. The throughput and cost of currently available transgenic expression systems is frequently incompatible with modern, high‐throughput molecular cloning methods. Here, we present a protocol for isolating high yields of green rice protoplasts and for PEG‐mediated transformation of isolated protoplasts. Factors affecting transformation efficiency were investigated, and the resulting protocol is fast, cheap, robust, high‐throughput, and does not require specialist equipment. When coupled to a high‐throughput modular cloning system such as Golden Gate, this transient expression system provides a valuable resource to help break the “design‐build‐test” bottleneck by permitting the rapid screening of large numbers of transgenic expression cassettes prior to stable plant transformation. We used this system to rapidly assess the expression level, subcellular localisation, and protein aggregation pattern of nine single‐gene expression cassettes, which represent the essential component parts of the β‐cyanobacterial carboxysome.
Interactions between hydrogen sulphide and nitric oxide regulate two soybean citrate transporters during the alleviation of aluminium toxicity
Authors: Wang Huahua , Ji Fang , Zhang Yangyang , Hou Junjie , Liu Wenwen , Huang Junjun , Liang Weihong
Published: April 2019

Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) is emerging as an important signalling molecule involved in plant resistance to various stresses. However, the underlying mechanism of H2S in aluminium (Al) resistance and the crosstalk between H2S and nitric oxide (NO) in Al stress signalling remain elusive. Citrate secretion is a wide‐spread strategy for plants against Al toxicity. Here, two citrate transporter genes, GmMATE13 and GmMATE47, were identified and characterized in soybean. Functional analysis in Xenopus oocytes and transgenic Arabidopsis showed that GmMATE13 and GmMATE47 mediated citrate exudation and enhanced Al resistance. Al treatment triggered H2S generation and citrate exudation in soybean roots. Pretreatment with an H2S donor significantly elevated Al‐induced citrate exudation, reduced Al accumulation in root tips, and alleviated Al‐induced inhibition of root elongation, whereas application of an H2S scavenger elicited the opposite effect. Furthermore, H2S and NO mediated Al‐induced GmMATE expression and plasma membrane (PM) H+‐ATPase activity and expression. Further investigation showed that NO induced H2S production by regulating the key enzymes involved in biosynthesis and degradation of H2S. These findings indicate that H2S acts downstream of NO in mediating Al‐induced citrate secretion through the upregulation of PM H+‐ATPase‐coupled citrate transporter cotransport systems, thereby conferring plant resistance to Al toxicity.
Pathogenicity of Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica on recombinant inbred lines from a crossing of Cucurbita pepo subsp. pepo × C. pepo subsp. ovifera
Authors: Verdejo‐Lucas S. , Gómez P. , Talavera M.
Published: April 2019

The response of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross of zucchini × scallop (Cucurbita pepo subsp. pepo ‘Murcia MU‐CU‐16’ × C. pepo subsp. ovifera ‘Scallop UPV‐196’) to Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica was determined after completion of a nematode reproduction cycle in experiments carried out in a growth chamber. The nematode differentiated the C. pepo genotypes at the subspecies level due to lower egg mass production on subspecies pepo than ovifera, and thus subspecies pepo was a poorer host than ovifera. In addition, Murcia MU‐CU‐16 discriminated M. incognita from M. javanica in terms of egg masses (EM), eggs per gram of root and reproduction factor (Rf), whereas Scallop UPV‐196 did so in eggs per gram of root and Rf. The RILs differed in gall formation and EM production depending on the nematode × line combination. Comparisons between nematode isolates resulted in four significant combinations for pathogenic potential (galls/initial population (Pi) × 100), seven for parasitic success (egg masses/Pi × 100), and nine for host efficiency (egg masses/galls per root system × 100) which included all the lines tested against both isolates. Lines that restricted nematode development by at least 90% were considered as having intermediate resistance to M. incognita based on the definition of the International Seed Federation. They included lines 28‐1, 35A, 107A, 110‐3 and 153‐2. All the RILs were susceptible hosts for M. javanica. The information presented here will be helpful for nematode management and also for plant breeders working on pathogen resistance on C. pepo.
Description of ten new Lobophora species from the Bismarck Sea (Papua New Guinea)
Authors: Vieira Christophe , De Clerck Olivier , Millet Laurent , Payri Claude E.
Published: April 2019

Sampling in the framework of the research program called ‘La Planète Revisitée’ in Kavieng and Madang (Papua New Guinea) brought thus far unknown diversity of the brown algal genus Lobophora to the surface. DNA‐assisted alpha taxonomy allowed identifying the presence of 16 species Lobophora from these two localities, which only share four species in common. Ten species are newly described, including four, which are only known to the Bismarck Sea. A more exhaustive sampling across the Bismarck Sea, and more largely across the Coral Triangle, will very likely unveil an even greater diversity. The present study underscores the fragmentary nature of our knowledge of macroalgal diversity in this region.
Schools and Attitudes Toward Economic Equality
Authors: Gingrich Jane
Published: April 2019

Do policies that shape equality in schools have effects on the type of society and polity that the citizens educated in them want? This paper examines this question by analyzing variation in the English schooling experiences using the British Cohort Study and British Panel Study. It shows that the social environment of schooling affects adults’ attitudes to fairness and Conservative vote choice, but that policies targeting these social environments have weak effects. The paper theorizes that actual policy feedback in education is often limited, because the effects of policies on school experiences are mediated by the behaviors of other actors on the ground.
Hepato‐splanchnic circulatory stress: An important effect of hemodialysis
Authors: Grant Claire J. , Huang Shih‐Han S. , McIntyre Chris W.
Published: April 2019

The gastro‐intestinal tract is being increasingly recognized as the site of key pathophysiological processes in the hemodialysis patient. Intestinal dysbiosis, increased intraluminal toxin production, and increased intestinal permeability are commonly observed processes which contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and thus elevated mortality. The acute circulatory effects of dialysis itself may contribute significantly to the development of gastrointestinal dysfunction as a result of both local and distant effects. Additionally, the liver, a relatively unknown entity in this process, has a substantial role as a functional barrier between the portal and systemic circulation and in the metabolism of pathogenic gut‐derived uremic toxins. Here we summarize the evidence for acute gastro‐intestinal and hepatic effects of hemodialysis and identify gaps in knowledge to date which require further study.
Involving research‐invested clinicians in data collection affects injury incidence in youth football
Authors: Wik Eirik Halvorsen , Materne Olivier , Chamari Karim , Duque Juan David Peña , Horobeanu Cosmin , Salcinovic Benjamin , Bahr Roald , Johnson Amanda
Published: April 2019

It is well established that differences in injury definition and recording methodology restrict comparisons between injury surveillance programmes. There is, however, little documentation of the variation that can exist between data recorders. The aim of this study was, therefore, to explore the effect on reported injuries when team recorders or supervisors are involved in research. Injury data collected prospectively over five seasons for the U16, U17, and U18 age groups in a youth football (soccer) academy were used to compare different recording settings based on the research involvement of the clinicians. A research‐invested team physiotherapist reported an 8.8 times greater incidence (P < 0.001) of non‐time‐loss injuries and a 2.5 times greater incidence (P < 0.001) of minimal injuries (1‐3 days lost) compared to a setting where neither the team physiotherapists nor the supervisor relied on the collected data for research purposes. When team physiotherapists were not invested in research themselves but were supervised by a researcher, the incidence of non‐time‐loss injuries and minimal injuries was 2.5 times (P < 0.001) and 2.0 times greater (P < 0.01) than in the non‐invested setting, respectively. However, there were no differences between recording settings for overall incidence of time‐loss injuries. The results from this study demonstrate that involving clinicians that are relying on the collected data for research purposes can significantly affect the reported rates of non‐time‐loss and minimal injuries. Time‐loss injuries overall were not affected by research investment, and should therefore be preferred for comparisons between teams and seasons.
Exploratory study to evaluate two clinical methods for assessing moisturizing effect on skin barrier repair
Authors: Snatchfold Jane , Targett Darren
Published: April 2019

Background

Two clinical methods of assessing a moisturizer's effect on stratum corneum (SC) barrier repair were evaluated in female subjects with dry skin, to identify an assessment method for future studies.

Methods

In this single‐centre, split‐body study, women with dry skin applied moisturizer before (method A) or after (method B) SC barrier perturbation using D‐Squame® stripping discs. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and residual protein on D‐Squame discs were assessed over 14 days.

Results

Twenty‐four subjects were included. For method A, the mean slope values of plots of 1/TEWL vs cumulative protein removed decreased over time for both treated and untreated areas, indicating improved SC barrier quality. There were no significant differences between treated and untreated areas, although a trend to a more negative slope was observed by Day 14 in the treated areas (P = 0.082), suggesting treatment improved barrier quality. For method B, using pre‐ and post‐stripping as covariates, no statistical differences/trends were observed between treated and untreated areas for change in TEWL from post‐stripping to any evaluation from Days 3‐14. TEWL values returned towards pre‐stripping values for treated and untreated areas by the initial Day 3 evaluation.

Conclusion

For method A, there were trends suggesting the moisturizing treatment improved SC barrier quality. For method B, there were no significant differences/trends between treated and untreated areas. Further assessment with different methodologies is warranted to design appropriate clinical protocols for evaluating accelerated skin barrier repair. These data are insufficient to conclude whether the product or methodology was responsible for the results.
Bismuth‐melt trails trapped in cassiterite–quartz veins
Authors: Guimarães Frederico Sousa , Cabral Alexandre Raphael , Lehmann Bernd , Rios Francisco Javier , Ávila Moisés Augusto Bacellar , de Castro Marco Paulo , Queiroga Gláucia Nascimento
Published: April 2019

Native bismuth in the form of metallic melt has been considered instrumental to the formation of some metallic ore deposits via a mechanism dubbed the “Liquid Bismuth Collector Model.” Here, we provide petrographical documentation of trail‐forming, μm‐sized blebs of native bismuth in cassiterite–quartz veins from the Santa Bárbara greisen Sn deposit in the Rondônia tin province of northern Brazil. These inclusions suggest the trapping of a Bi melt that took place during vein formation, in a mechanism similar to the entrapment of fluid inclusions.
Sickle red blood cells are more susceptible to in vitro haemolysis when exposed to normal saline versus Plasma‐Lyte A
Authors: Blumberg Neil , Henrichs Kelly , Cholette Jill , Pietropaoli Anthony , Spinelli Sherry , Noronha Suzie , Phipps Richard , Refaai Majed A.
Published: April 2019

Background

Normal saline has been the fluid of choice for resuscitation, rehydration and fluid replacement during plasma or red cell exchange/cytapheresis. There are increased concerns about its clinical effects and data showing it causes more haemolysis in vitro than buffered solutions such as Plasma‐Lyte A.

Methods

We investigated whether normal saline or Plasma‐Lyte A was associated with greater haemolysis during hours of in vitro incubation with both normal red cells and samples from patients with sickle cell anaemia.

Results

Sickle red cells haemolysed more than normal red cells did in both crystalloid solutions. The results of 24‐hour exposure to saline were particularly striking (median of 163 mg/dl (IQ range 105–247) for sickle red cells vs. 53 (48–92) for normal red cells (P < 0·0001). In patient samples containing variable quantities of haemoglobin S red cells, increased haemoglobin S was associated with increased haemolysis. This effect was greater for normal saline than Plasma‐Lyte A (P = 0·12).

Conclusions

These in vitro models demonstrate that short‐term ex vivo exposure of sickle red cells to normal saline leads to greater haemolysis than short‐term exposure of normal red cells, and this effect is exacerbated by normal saline. Whether use of normal saline causes increased haemolysis in vivo is unknown. Given recent evidence that normal saline increases renal failure and mortality in critically ill patients, further studies are urgently needed.
Estudio de las actitudes de estudiantes de ciencias sociales y psicología: relevancia de la información y contacto con personas discapacitadas
Authors: Polo Sánchez María Támara , Fernández Jiménez Carolina , Díaz Batanero Carmen
Published: April 2019

El objetivo de este artículo es conocer las actitudes hacia la discapacidad del alumnado procedente de titulaciones de Ciencias Sociales y Psicología, matriculado en asignaturas en las que se proporciona información sobre la discapacidad. También se pretende determinar la influencia en estas actitudes del contacto con discapacitados. Se aplicó la Escala de Actitudes Hacia las Personas con Discapacidad de Verdugo, Jenaro y Arias (1995) a un grupo de 470 estudiantes de la Universidad de Granada. Los resultados mostraron que el alumnado presentaba actitudes positivas hacia los discapacitados, existiendo diferencias según la titulación cursada y siendo además relevante el hecho de mantener contacto con la persona discapacitada. Se discuten los resultados obtenidos y se ofrecen sugerencias para futuras investigaciones.
La Percepción del Tiempo: Influencias en la Salud Física y Mental
Authors: Oyanadel Véliz Cristián Rodrigo , Buela-Casal Gualberto
Published: April 2019

Abarcando ampliamente el concepto percepción del tiempo, las dimensiones pasado positivo, pasado negativo, presente fatalista, presente hedonista y futuro son agrupadas en perfiles para evaluar relaciones con salud física y mental. Utilizando un diseño cuasi-experimental, 50 sujetos igualados en sexo y edad responden el inventario ZTPI y el SF-36, junto a 3 medidas de estimación del tiempo. Correlaciones de Pearson y ANOVA muestran relaciones significativas entre las dimensiones, salud física, mental y estimación. Se obtienen tres perfiles, siendo el equilibrado (BTP) quien presenta mejores indicadores de salud. Estos resultados apoyan la idea que es favorable un equilibrio entre actitud positiva del pasado, orientación al futuro, disfrutando experiencias agradables presentes. Se comentan influencias de estimación del tiempo en salud.
Actividad reflexiva en preescolares: Perspectivas psicológicas y educativas
Authors: González Moreno Claudia Ximena , Solovieva Yulia , Quintanar Rojas Luis
Published: April 2019

Cómo desarrollar el pensamiento reflexivo y qué herramientas psicopedagógicas resultan más apropiadas para contribuir a tal desenlace, son asuntos que inquietan de manera permanente tanto en el campo de la psicología como en el campo de la educación. Numerosas investigaciones han abordado el tema de la formación del pensamiento reflexivo; sin embargo, es preocupante la brecha que existe entre las producciones científicas y su aplicación en la escuela para mejorar los procesos de aprendizaje. Este artículo presenta un análisis reflexivo respecto a una investigación realizada desde la psicología histórico-cultural (Vygotsky, 1984) y la teoría de la actividad (Leontiev, 1975; Talizina, 2000) en donde se tenía como objetivo la aplicación del método de juego de roles en la formación del pensamiento reflexivo en una población preescolar colombiana. El estudio es de diseño mixto, que incorpora elementos de diseño cuasi-experimental pre-post y tipo descriptivo, orientado por principios de metodología microgenética. Para ello se trabajó con 48 niños con edades comprendidas entre los 5 y 6 años, divididos en dos grupos: control y experimental. El aná¬lisis pre-test / post-test permitió observar cambios importan¬tes en la actividad escolar de los niños del grupo experimental, grupo al que se le aplicó el método de juego de roles, después de la intervención. El estudio plantea una forma de intervención innovadora para la formación gradual de la actividad intelectual por etapas dentro del aula de clase, además se constituye en una posibilidad de transformación de las prácticas pedagógicas actuales.
Motivación de logro, indicadores de competitividad y rendimiento en un equipo de jugadores de fútbol de competición varones entre 14 y 24 años
Authors: García-Naveira Alejo , Remor Eduardo
Published: April 2019

Para identificar hasta qué punto el rasgo de competitividad está relacionado con el rendimiento deportivo en el fútbol, y en qué medida la edad y la categoría deportiva pueden influir sobre estas variables, se ha diseñado un estudio descriptivo-correlacional. Las variables edad, categoría deportiva, rendimiento deportivo, motivación de éxito (Me), motivación para evitar el fracaso (Mef) y competitividad rasgo han sido recogidas en 151 futbolistas varones (entre 14 y 24 años) de un club deportivo madrileño (España). Los resultados indicaron que el rendimiento deportivo asciende de acuerdo con la edad. Consecuentemente, se ha observado una relación directa entre la categoría deportiva y el rendimiento. La Me, Mef y competitividad rasgo se han asociado con el rendimiento y ha variado en función de la categoría deportiva. No se ha observado una relación entre la Me, Mef y la competitividad rasgo con la edad de los deportistas.
Elementos para programas de prevención en consumo de alcohol en universitarios
Authors: Muñoz Ortega María Liliana , Barbosa Ramírez Lucía Carolina , Bríñez Horta José Arturo , Caycedo Espinel Claudia Consuelo , Méndez Heilman Margarita , Oyuela Vargas Raúl
Published: April 2019

El estudio, no-experimental, tuvo como objetivo proponer con universitarios, elementos para los programas de prevención del consumo de alcohol partiendo del análisis de los niveles, situaciones y características del consumo. 2910 universitarios de diez universidades de Bogotá respondieron la ficha características del consumo, el Ceal y el Isca, y 80 participaron en 15 grupos focales. El consumo es alto, inicia tempranamente aprobado por padres, influyen las presiones académicas, la soledad y la cultura. Existen indicadores de abuso y dependencia. Las situaciones asociadas al consumo son las emociones y los momentos agradables, la urgencia por consumir y la presión social. Los programas preventivos deben ser implementados por jóvenes, orientados al consumo responsable utilizando variedad de actividades con responsabilidad de los actores
Síntoma y discurso: las enseñanzas de “La moral sexual ‘cultural’ y la nerviosidad moderna”
Authors: De Castro Korgi Sylvia
Published: April 2019

Sobre el telón de fondo de la diferencia establecida hoy en día en el campo del psicoanálisis entre los síntomas clásicos y los llamados síntomas contemporáneos, el trabajo interroga la formulación misma de síntoma contemporáneo. A partir del alcance de la diferencia que Freud introduce entre el síntoma de las psiconeurosis y el síntoma de las neurosis actuales, el trabajo avanza la tesis según la cual resulta desacertado acordar el carácter de síntoma a las respuestas mediante las cuales el sujeto se somete sin resto al imperativo del discurso. Porque el síntoma da cuenta de una objeción al Otro y guarda con respecto al goce una relación de falta estructural: un menos de goce.
Adaptación al español del cuestionario Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL)
Authors: Trujillo Humberto M. , Martos Francisco J. , González-Cabrera Joaquín
Published: April 2019

El objetivo de este trabajo es el estudio de las propiedades psicométricas de la versión en español del cuestionario Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL), construido en su versión original por Cohen y Wills (1985). El ISEL evalúa la percepción de disponibilidad de cuatro aspectos diferentes del apoyo social, además de aportar una medida general de apoyo social percibido. El cuestionario se compone de cuatro subescalas (autoestima, información, pertenencia e instrumental). Cada una de ellas está formada por 10 ítems. Tras un riguroso proceso de traducción para generar la versión española del ISEL, se analizó la equivalencia de la versión traducida al español para la escala en su conjunto y para cada subescala en una muestra de universitarios españoles (N = 441). Se obtuvo un valor de alfa para la primera administración de 0.888 y de 0.87 para la segunda. La fiabilidad test-retest fue de r = 0.787. Se comprobó que la estructura factorial podría ser esencialmente unidimensional tras un análisis factorial exploratorio con rotación Varimax. Además, se analizó la validez convergente con la Escala de Soledad (r = -0.692; p < 0.001); el Cuestionario de Autoeficacia Percibida (r = 0.712; p < 0.001); el Cuestionario de Salud General (r = -0.422; p < 0.001) y la Escala de Estrés Percibido (r = -0.400; p = 0.002). Los resultados podrían mostrar que la versión española del ISEL puede ser utilizada con suficientes garantías psicométricas en una población de jóvenes universitarios de habla hispana.
Clima Social Escolar: una escala de evaluación –Escala de Clima Social Escolar, ECLIS–
Authors: Aron Ana Maria , Milicic Neva , Armijo Ivan
Published: April 2019

El presente artículo describe el proceso de diseño, construcción y validación inicial de una Escala de Clima Social Escolar (ECLIS) que representa una herramienta para visualizar las variables que, a juicio de las autoras, a partir de la revisión de la literatura y de sus investigaciones en la realidad escolar chilena, dan cuenta de las características que en un corte transversal puede tener un determinado contexto escolar. Se describe el marco conceptual que sustenta esta Escala y las características psicométricas básicas de la versión definitiva. Se incluyen los criterios para el análisis y su interpretación.
O Lugar de Christian Wolff na História da Psicologia
Authors: Araujo Saulo De Freitas
Published: April 2019

Christian Wolff (1679-1754) foi uma figura fundamental não só na cultura alemã do século XVIII como também no desenvolvimento histórico da psicologia. No entanto, sua obra permanece desconhecida por grande parte dos psicólogos contemporâneos. O objetivo do presente artigo é mostrar a importância de Wolff na constituição histórica da psicologia. Inicialmente, será feita uma breve contextualização histórico-cultural do Iluminismo alemão. Em seguida, mostraremos a íntima relação entre seu projeto psicológico e seu sistema filosófico. Finalmente, serão destacados alguns exemplos da influência de Wolff sobre o desenvolvimento posterior da psicologia. Conclui-se que ele merece maior atenção do que tem até aqui recebido na historiografia da psicologia em geral.
Medición de variables psicológicas en deportistas de baile deportivo
Authors: Cantón Enrique , Checa Irene
Published: April 2019

El objetivo fundamental del estudio consiste en identificar y evaluar las principales variables psicológicas que están interviniendo en los distintos niveles de rendimiento en la práctica de baile deportivo. Para esto, entre otros, se utilizó el Cuestionario de Características Psicológicas aplicadas al Rendimiento Deportivo (Gimeno, Buceta & Pérez-Llantada, 2001). Se realizó un análisis de varianza, y pese a no alcanzar las diferencias valores estadísticamente significativos en los factores Control del Estrés e Influencia de la Evaluación del Rendimiento, sí se puede señalar la existencia de diferencias relevantes en función de la interacción de dos condiciones: el nivel competitivo y el éxito deportivo, presentando tamaños del efecto relevantes (n2p = 0.230; n2p = 0.164). Esta información ha sido la base para realizar un posterior trabajo aplicado, ajustado a las demandas de rendimiento en este deporte.
Development of the Forgiveness Schema in Adolescence
Authors: Girard Michelle , Mullet Etienne
Published: April 2019

The study aims to chart the development of the willingness to forgive among adolescents, as a function of seven situational factors: Possibility of revenge, cancellation of harmful consequences, encouragement to forgive from parents and/or from close friends, social proximity with the offender, intent to harm, and presence of apologies. The participants were presented with 16 stories in which an adolescent committed a harmful act against another one. Each participant was asked to rate the degree of personal willingness to forgive in each case on a continuous scale. The effect of the cancellation of consequences factor was the strongest one, and it was stronger among younger adolescents than among older adolescents. The effect of the intent factor was the second strongest factor, and it was stronger among older adolescents than among younger adolescents. The effect of the encouragement factors was moderate (encouragement by friends), or small (encouragement by parents), and no age difference was observed. The effects of the revenge, apologies, and social proximity factors were always weak. An additive-type combination process was observed in each age group.