bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geomorphology and iron sand potential at coastal sediment morphology, Kebumen Regency
Authors: Ansori Chusni , Raharjo Puguh Dwi , Setianto Agung , Warmada I Wayan , Setiawan Nugroho Imam
Published: October 2020

Geomorphology is a landform that extends on the surface of the earth as a result of interactions between endogenous and exogenous processes. Landform classification based on morphometry, morphogenesis, and morphoarengement. Kebumen has attractive geological diversity. The potential of iron sand spread out as beach sand deposits. This research conducted to map landforms, including south coast region and analyze the distribution of iron sand sediment. The study used DEMNAS image analysis, a 1: 20, 000 scale with Arc-GIS software. Variables analysis includes elevation, aspect, roughness, hill shade, river pattern, and hill roughness accompanied by a field survey. Resistivity survey on old beach deposits morphology (2 locations) and young beach deposits (2 locations) to obtain data on the potential of iron sand. Measurement using OYO Model 2, McOHM Resitivimeter, Schlumberger configuration, and geophysical modelling using Res-2Din software. The landform in Kebumen consists of 33 units as structural, denudational, dissolving, fluvial, and coastal landforms. The Coastal Sediment landscape consists of 3 units, in the form of young coastal sediment, old coastal sediment, and fluvio marine sediment. The potential of iron sand is founded in young coastal sediment (M5) is about 764, 77 Ha, and old coastal sediment (M4) about 590, 84 Ha. Mineral compositions are olivine, pyroxene, hornblende, biotite, and impurities as quartz, plagioclase, orthoclase, rutile and calcite minerals. Coastal sand sediment in the Old Sediment is found 30-60 m depth with overburden up to 4 m. The potential of beach sand about 406, 686, 300 m3 similar with 1, 037, 050, 065 tons, total Fe estimated about 629, 696, 799 tons.
Hydrological exploration in Karst Suaran, Berau, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Fathoni Wilda A. , Widyastuti M. , Haryono Eko , Fatchurahman Hendy , Labib M. Ainul
Published: October 2020

Sangkulirang-Mangkalihat is the karst region’s identity located on the Mangkalihat Peninsula, on the east side of Kalimantan island. Suaran Karst is a type of karst labyrinth, the typology of karst formed by dissolution in pathways fault, and the fault is more intensive in comparison with other regions. The hydrology expedition in the karst region of Suaran has several objectives, including conducting hydrological observations both briefly and periodically. The discovery of the hydrological and hydrogeological characteristics of the karst region. The various hydrological features found in the Suaran karst region are essential parameters that indicate the uniqueness and importance of the Suaran karst region. The results of the exploration of the karst region of Suaran, found 41 hydrological formations, including springs, pocket valleys, and doline..
Laboratory study on the use of natural zeolite from Gunungkidul, Indonesia for Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd immobilization in soil
Authors: Budianta Wawan
Published: October 2020

An experiment of the immobilization of heavy metals Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd in contaminated soil by using the natural zeolite was performed in the laboratory. The natural zeolite was obtained from Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Artificially contaminated levels on 100, 300 and 500 mg/kg were prepared and then mixed with three different dosages of 5%, 10% and 20% of the natural zeolite. The result revealed that the addition of natural zeolite effect on reducing the heavy metal in the contaminated soil. The addition 5% dosage of the natural zeolite was sufficient to reduce the concentration of Pb, Cu and Zn from 500 mg/kg to the maximum permissible of concentration level. Finally, the natural zeolite immobilized the heavy metals in the contaminated soil by following in order: Pb2+>Cu2+>Zn2+>Cd2+.
Occurrence of rare earth element and yttrium (REY) in Tanjung formation coking coal from Sekako area, Central Kalimantan
Authors: Amijaya Hendra , Wiranata Beny , Anggara Ferian
Published: October 2020

Inorganic geochemistry of coal become a point of interest on coal study, especially relating with the occurrence of rare earth element. Tanjung Formation is one of coking coal bearing deposits in Barito Basin, Central Kalimantan. The aims of this study to determine the occurrence of Rare Earth Element and Yttrium (REY) especially in term of concentration and enrichment type in coal seam A and B of Tanjung Formation in Sekako Area, Central Kalimantan. A number of 10 coal samples were collected from both seams. Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) analysis was conducted to determine the REY in coal. Based on this study, coal seam A and B generally have very low concentration of REY elements deposits. The REY elements of coal seam A and B in the study area are typically characterized with M and H-type enrichment, which might be caused by the mafic basalt rocks in the surroundings.
Seasonal variability of nitrate flux in the Northern part of Karangbolong Karst Aquifer, Central Java
Authors: Astuti Elisabeth Supi , Haryono Eko
Published: October 2020

Kalisirah Springs and Jumbleng Spring are located in the northern part of Karangbolong Karst Area, Kebumen Regency. Tracer tests for underground rivers and field surveys indicate that the catchment areas of these two karst springs have the dominant land use of dry land farm and plantation. The condition of the catchment area will affect the chemical content of water resources in karst aquifers. Dry land farm and plantation use fertilizer in the process of planting, but in practice, there is nitrogen lost due to the washing process by rainwater. Karst landforms also have cavities and fissures that allow applied fertilizer to enter the karstic aquifer directly. This study aims to determine the nitrogen flux fluctuations in the form of nitrate (N) in Kalisirah Springs and Jumbleng Springs along with their relationship with discharge and rainfall. The data used in this study were primary data, which included data of the water level, rainfall, water chemistry samples, and the agricultural planting calendar. The N content was analyzed using hydrograph to determine the response of N flux to the discharge. Recording the amount of N used in agricultural activities in the catchment area was conducted by calculating the area of agricultural land use using Topographic Map of Indonesia, and the triangulation method was used to determine fertilizer characteristics in the catchment area. Kalisirah catchment area lost 56.09 % N, while the Jumbleng catchment area lost 57.53 % N. The extent of this loss is influenced by land use conditions which will have implications for the number and frequency of fertilization.
Seismic multi-attribute analysis for petrophysics reservoir prediction with probabilistic neural network in “FA” field
Authors: Ardinda Fadlan , Riyanto Agus
Published: October 2020

Oil and gas reserves are increasingly difficult to find due to more complex geological conditions. This complex condition causes difficulties in determining reservoir distribution. Therefore, a better method is needed to overcome these complex geological conditions. In this study, the petrophysics analysis by using the multi-attribute and the Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) used to make reservoir distribution model on seismic horizontal slice. This multi-attribute method and Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) that can search for correlation between seismic attributes and the data sought, for the prediction of property values from surrounding rocks. From this method, the distribution of porosity data with a correlation value of 0.52 was generated, water saturation with a correlation value of 0.73, and shale content with a correlation value of 0.58. Where the combination of porosity data, water saturation, shale content, and acoustic impedance (AI) data of inversion results can be a clue to identify reservoir distribution. From the porosity and saturation values, hydrocarbon dispersion can be made, wherein this study values were obtained between 0.01 0.03. This “FA” field has a reservoir between wells F-06, FA-05, FA-15, and FA-18 and spreads westward from wells FA-05, FA-15 & FA-18. The distribution of petrophysical parameters generated from the validation of well data using the multi-attribute method. This thing prove that Multi-attribute and neural network analysis can be used to determine predictions of porosity, water saturation, and shale content well and can be used for reservoir characterization.
Analytical hierarchy process for regional development priority in Donorejo, Central Java
Authors: Zahra Rahma Aulia , Prakosa Muhammad Galih , Kusuma Eunike Olivia Danni , Prahara Ismanita , Ginting Benaya Valentino , Putra Rahmatullah Tri Nanda , Nurjani Emilya , Putri Ratih Fitria
Published: October 2020

Donorejo is one of the villages in Purworejo Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. This village is a unique place and famous for its tourism site, namely Goa Seplawan. Nevertheless, this tourist attraction has not provided significant income for local revenue, as the poverty rate in Donorejo is still quite high. The Office of Community Empowerment, Villages, Population and Civil Registry of Central Java stated that only 1, 630 residents of Donorejo were categorized as prosperous in their economy. It indicated that almost 50% of the population in Donorejo has not been economically prosperous and the development of Donorejo has not implemented optimally. To find out the proper development strategy, the Analytical Hierarchy Process was used as a method based on stakeholder assessment in the Donorejo. The used priorities were based on four aspects, namely human resource development, regional promotion, development of supporting infrastructure, and public services. The obtained results indicated that development of supporting infrastructure is a priority for the development of Donorejo. This outcome can be used as a reference to optimize the village development.
Mining in the twenty-first century and its world of work: Considerations for universities offering mining qualifications
Authors: Cawood Frederick
Published: October 2020

The intelligent digital mine of the future will look very different to what we have today; it will be managed differently, have different skill-sets, and will be staffed by professions that do not exist today. While mining in the 20th century was about ‘more’ (more production, for example), the 21st century is about ‘better’ (safer production, for example). This article investigates this fundamental shift from ‘more’ to ‘better’ by examining how the current international trends affect mining and its world of work. There are clear indications that the future of work requires a re-evaluation of skills-sets, qualifications and certification thereof. Although this shift creates a problem for current mine occupations with outdated skills-sets, there are many new opportunities for those who update their skills and knowledge so that they remain (or become) relevant in a cross-industry 21st century context. The approach followed in this article is an interpretation of how the fourth industrial revolution affects the world – and mining in particular – followed by a conceptual analysis of how it is shaping the future of work for mining. The fundamental learning content for a future-ready mining engineering graduate is then addressed. The findings of this article will benefit mining in general, but more particularly universities, skills providers and, most important, the youth who are preparing themselves for this world of work in mining.
Development of technological schemes for open-pit mining of deposits using “mobile crushing-reloading-conveyor complexes”
Authors: Annakulov Tulkin
Published: October 2020

This article analyses the use of cyclic-flow technology schemes with mobile crushing and reloading complexes in open cast mining. An analysis of the application of cyclic-flow technology schemes with mobile crushing and reloading complexes in open cast mining shows that the main directions of its radical improvement are the development, creation and implementation of fundamentally new mining transport equipment and technological schemes for its quarries, which include: “mobile excavators crushing and transhipment plants and conveyor systems". Technological schemes for the development of rocks with an end arrangement of mobile complexes using a single bucket excavator and conveyor transport, with an end arrangement of mobile complexes and an increased width of the working platform during conveyor transport, with an end arrangement of mobile complexes and the presence of a mobile interstage loading crane with sequential mining at three horizons, a methodology has been developed for determining the working time and annual productivity of mobile crushing and handling conveyor complexes and a new technological scheme for the development of overburden ledges using mobile crushing and handling conveyor complexes. To reduce the time for idling the complex and reduce the number of exit ledges, a new technological scheme for the development of overburden ledges with the use of mobile complexes is recommended. As a result of the calculations according to the developed method, when working out two benches with different block lengths, the dependence of the annual productivity of the complex on the block length was established.
Difficulties in maintaining shaft lining – testing methods and repair methods – a case study
Authors: Niedbalski Zbigniew , Małkowski Piotr
Published: October 2020

The paper performs the standards of shaft lining inspections used in Poland. They comprised four criterions: lining homogeneity, level of its corrosion, watertightness and load bearing capacity of the lining and the limit values for every criterion were worked out. If even one of above criterion is not met the repair works have to be taken. The example of shaft investigation and technical recommendations for the lining repair is shown as well. It is proved that only a comprehensive approach to the condition of the shaft lining can allow proper assessment of its performance for the next years.
Determination of the skip force effect on guides in mine shaft
Authors: Nikolaitchik Mikhail
Published: October 2020

An analytical solution is presented to the problem of determining the force effect of lifting vessel (skip) on guides during its movement in the mine shaft. Forces values are obtained using acceleration data from sensors of motion smoothness through monitoring system. The technique developed allows to determine skip force effect on guides along all axes of horizontal coordinate system. A transition from a force to impulse action is provided. The interrelation of force action surges with guides profile deviations is analyzed. The results of this study can be widely used to identify the areas in the mine shaft where emergency could potentially occur.
Development of the concept of recurrent metamodeling to create projects of promising designs of mining machines
Authors: Zabolotnyi Kostiantyn , Zhupiiev Oleksandr , Panchenko Olena , Tipikin Andrii
Published: October 2020

In the work on the example of a tunnel erector, the concept of recurrent metamodeling is determined which allows engineering new designs of mining machines. In this case, the metamodel of their entire family is associated with the family of models of machine nodes. The effect of various laws of movement of the erector devices is analyzed and it is proved that its minimum time is observed under conditions of compliance with the U-shaped law. A mathematical model of the hydraulic drive of the erector devices has been developed, which allows, taking into account any options for moving the point mass, to determine the law of control of the movement of the spool of the hydraulic directional control valve (DCV) in relation to the laminar and turbulent type of liquid flow. The erector device metamodel was created using the algorithmic language MATLAB Simulink.
Research into harmful effect of underground mining operations on the state of buildings and structures located in the displacement area
Authors: Dolgikh Oleksandr , Dolgikh Liubov , Kuchnerov Ivan
Published: October 2020

An urgent task of both the mine surveyor service and the entire mining sector is to develop and implement in production the remote digital methods for monitoring the deformations of buildings and structures, which are located in areas influenced by underground mining operations. When developing a new methodology for determining the buildings and structures deformations, special attention is paid to improving the photogrammetric method. The study is aimed at determining the optimal conditions for digital imaging of buildings and structures in order to obtain the deformation values with the required accuracy. Based on the results of experimental work on the simultaneous different-scale images processing, the accuracy of determining the planimetric coordinates and heights of the studied points is much higher compared to the previously used methodology, in which digital models of an object are plotted from images obtained by a single camera lens, that is, with the same metric characteristics. The use of high degree of detail and fragmentation of large-scale images, as well as a significantly smaller number of small-scale images, covering the surveyed object, improve the accuracy of determining the position of points, which in turn affects the reduction of the error in combining the models.
Full changing of the load-bearing wall of the bunker’s building of the coal mine
Authors: Gasii Grygorii , Shushkevych Viacheslav , Hasii Olena , Telichenko Oleksandr
Published: October 2020

The main and very painful problem of the usages division of enterprises in Ukraine is the running roofing of buildings. Regrettably, in the climatic zone of Ukraine, all buildings, except the influence of the water, are subjected to the more significant influence of the variable cycles “freeze-unfreeze”. At first, the distractions due to “freeze-unfreeze” cycles are of the form of make-up defects. However, since the time this brings about such an essential reduction of the cross-section of the wall that appears threat partial or full loss carrying abilities of the wall. An additional problem turns out to be else and that circumstance that very often such buildings can not be stopped from usage for the realization of the repair. To such buildings, for instance, can be ranked the bunker’s building of the “Oktiabrska” mines (Ukraine), which is the high-altitude building with very heavy conditions of work. The carrying walls from the silicate brick very vulnerable to moistening and following cycles of the “freeze-unfreeze”. All this has brought about essential destruction of the carrying wall and threat of the full destruction of the building. The technique of the reconstruction in like events can be extremely varied. The method of the full changing of the carrying wall of the bunker’s building is offered, which does not require stops the production.
Identification of the conditions of a mine locomotive brake system as well as its functional and morphological model with the stressed closed kinematic circuit
Authors: Koptovets Oleksandr , Haddad Jamil Sami , Brovko Dmytro , Posunko Liudmyla , Tykhonenko Valeriia
Published: October 2020

The common tendency of mine rail haulage improvement is to increase axial power of electrical equipment traction, wagon capacity, and enhancing the speed of movement. In this context, it is typical for mine machine-building design to equip only locomotives with brake facilities. Thus, specific value of braking force of a train cannot exceed basic specific resistance to its movement. Test results of carriage rolling stock as for its braking efficiency as well as for its structural and dynamic analysis of braking mechanism have shown that a shoe-wheel brake of mine locomotives is not efficient under operation brake conditions in terms of the parametric reliability indices; hence, it is not applicable as an analogue for a trailing train part. The objective of the research is to determine a type of structural uncertainty while identifying brake conditions for adaptive control of alternative-structure tribologic system. Practical implication of the results is to determine both type and parameters of empiric dependence of brake shoe friction on a wheel tread upon the speed and braking as well as upon determination of kinetic characteristic of carriage rolling stock brake to be used in the theory of a mine train haulage to provide its safety.
Assessment of the energy efficiency potential of mining enterprises
Authors: Kleshchov Anton , Terentiev Oleh , Shevchuk Nataliia , Temchenko Oleksandr
Published: October 2020

The paper studies the problematic issues of assessing the potential and improving the energy efficiency at mining enterprises. The necessity of developing a methodology for determining the unreasonable losses of energy resources and introducing the fast-payback options is substantiated. In order to solve this problem, a systematic approach has been used, which is based on experimental data and accounting the global economic situation. An experimental-mathematical approach is proposed for determining the main components of technologically unreasonable losses of electrical energy resources, such as the modes of transformers and pumps operation, an impact of electrical energy quality on energy consumption. The methodology was approbated at the “Mineral” mining enterprise. The proposed solutions are able to reduce energy consumption by 10% of the total with an average payback period of up to two years.
Ecological aspects of filling of worked-out area during underground coal mining
Authors: Buzylo Volodymyr , Pavlychenko Artem , Borysovska Olena
Published: October 2020

The ecological consequences of underground coal mining and the mechanisms of transformation of the rock mass and the earth's surface are determined. To increase the efficiency of environmental activities of coal mining enterprises, the expediency of introducing the technology of stowing of the worked-out areas with grouting solutions using rock from dumps, ash, waste from coal processing plants is substantiated. The implementation of the proposed technological solutions will ensure the protection of land, buildings and structures from under-mining, as well as improve the environmental situation in coal mining regions.
Individuelle, evidenzbasierte Ernährung des medizinischen Spitalpatienten: Wo stehen wir heute?
Authors: Mueller Marlena , Braun Nina Kaegi , Baumgartner Annic , Tribolet Pascal , Stanga Zeno , Schütz Philipp
Published: October 2020

Evidenzbasierte Medizin berücksichtigt die Grundsätze „Beste wissenschaftliche Evidenz“, „Klinische Expertise“ und „Patientenpräferenzen“ und bildet damit die Basis der klinischen Entscheidungsfindung in der modernen Medizin. Ziel ist, die Ernährungsmedizin in gleicher Weise zu praktizieren.

Groß angelegte klinische Studien sind Voraussetzung, um die Ernährungsmedizin wissenschaftlich auf das Niveau der evidenzbasierten Ernährungsmedizin zu heben.

Die Ernährungsmedizinische Forschung steht traditionell vielen Herausforderungen gegenüber. Aufgrund fehlender, hochqualitativer randomisierter Studien war es in der Vergangenheit schwierig, einen hohen Evidenzgrad für Ernährungsmedizinische Fragestellungen zu erlangen und in einigen Bereichen der Ernährungsmedizin ist die Evidenz zur Wirksamkeit von Ernährungsinterventionen noch immer unzureichend.

In den letzten Jahren wurden aber große Fortschritte auf dem Weg zur evidenzbasierten Ernährungsmedizin gemacht. Neue Erkenntnisse aus aktuellen, groß angelegten klinischen Studien und systematischen Analysen haben z. B. die bedeutenden klinischen Verbesserungen, die mit einer zielgerichteten Ernährungstherapie bei mangelernährten hospitalisierten Patienten assoziiert sind, aufgezeigt und damit eine wichtige Lücke im Wissen der Ernährungsmedizin geschlossen.
Telemedizin in der Raumfahrt
Authors: Hinkelbein Jochen , Kerkhoff Steffen , Miesen Mirko , Schmitz Jan
Published: October 2020

Medizinische Maßnahmen während Raumfahrtmissionen erfordern ein hohes Maß an Planung in Bezug auf die Durchführbarkeit von auf der Erde bekannten Maßnahmen. Variationen in Bezug auf Gravitation, Strahlung und einer veränderten menschlichen Physiologie bedingen, dass etablierte Verfahren auf die Gegebenheiten des Weltalls wissenschaftlich evaluiert werden. Gerade in Bezug auf kommende Langzeitmissionen zum Mars oder einem ständigen Aufenthalt von Menschen auf dem Mond, bei dem nicht in kürzester Zeit Kontakt zur Erde, zu Experten oder einer möglichen Evakuierung zurück zur Erde gewährleistet werden kann, erfordern eine gute, präventive Planung. Dabei stellt die Telemedizin einen wesentlichen Faktor für die Versorgung dar.
Caustic ingestion: development and validation of a prognostic score
Authors: Tosca Joan , Villagrasa Rosana , Sanahuja Ana , Sanchez Ana , Trejo Galo Antonio , Herreros Belen , Pascual Isabel , Mas Pilar , Peña Andres , Minguez Miguel
Published: October 2020

Background Caustic ingestion is a potentially severe condition and early identification of poor outcome is essential to improve management; however, prediction based on endoscopy alone can overestimate severity. This study aimed to develop and validate a prognostic score.

Methods A prospective cohort study was designed to include all consecutive patients aged > 15 years who presented with caustic ingestion between 1995 and 2017. Adverse outcome was defined by intensive care unit admission, urgent surgery, or death. The predictive value of clinical, analytical, and endoscopic variables was assessed in the first cohort (derivation cohort) and a prognostic score based on the resulting risk factors was developed by logistic regression. Internal validation (bootstrapping) was performed and then external validation was checked in an independent sample of patients (validation cohort).

Results 469 cases of caustic ingestion were included, 265 in the derivation cohort and 204 in the validation cohort. Ingestion of acidic substances (odds ratio [OR] 3.13, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 2.33 – 4.21), neutrophil count (OR 1.05, 95 %CI 1.04 – 1.06), metabolic acidosis (bicarbonate value, OR 0.82, 95 %CI 0.78 – 0.85), and endoscopic injury (OR 3.81, 95 %CI 3.35 – 4.34) were independent risk factors for poor outcome. The prognostic score based on these variables provided better accuracy than endoscopy alone (P = 0.04), with high sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (93.3 %, 92.7 %, 72.7 %, 98.5 %, respectively), and area under the curve (0.976, 95 %CI 0.973 – 0.979; P < 0.001).

Conclusions This score allowed a reliable prognosis of caustic ingestion and was more accurate than endoscopy-based evaluation.
Ligamentization and Remnant Integration: Review and Analysis of Current Evidence and Implications for Scapholunate Reconstruction
Authors: Lindsay Tim A.J. , Myers Harley R. , Tham Stephen
Published: October 2020

Background Scapholunate interosseous ligament injuries are common but remain a therapeutic challenge. Current treatment modalities prioritize restoration of normal anatomy with reconstruction where appropriate. To date no reconstructive technique has been described that discusses the potential benefit of preservation of the scapholunate ligament remnant. Little is known about the “ligamentization” of grafts within the wrist. However, a growing body of knee literature suggests that remnant sparing may confer some benefit. In the absence of wrist specific studies, this literature must guide areas for potential augmentation of current surgical practices.

Objective The purpose of this study was to perform a review of the process of ligamentization and a systematic review of the current literature on the possible role of ligament sparring and its effect on ligamentization.

Methods A systematic search of the literature was performed to identify all the studies related to remnant sparing and the ligamentization of reconstructed tendons, regardless of graft type or joint involved from MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed until February 1, 2016 using the following keywords: ligamentization, graft, remodelling, reconstruction, biomechan*, histolo∗, scapholunate ligament. Each selected study was evaluated for methodological quality and risk of bias according to a modified Systematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation criteria.

Conclusions The available literature suggests that ligament sparring demonstrated a trend toward improvements in vascularity, mechanoreceptors, and biomechanics that lessens in significance over time.

Clinical Relevance This review suggests that remnant sparing may be one way to improve outcomes of scapholunate ligament reconstructive surgery.

Level of Evidence This is a level I/II, review study.
Retrocerebellar Ependymal Cyst Presenting with Obstructive Hydrocephalus in an Infant
Authors: Panero Pérez Irene , Martin Munarriz Pablo , Hernandez Lain Aurelio , Eiriz Fernández Carla , Garcia Pérez Daniel , Miguel Moreno Gómez Luis , Estaban Sinovas Olga , Pascual Beatriz , Lagares Abascal Alfonso
Published: October 2020

Intracranial ependymal cysts (ECs) are rare benign lesions. They are frequently asymptomatic and arise in the supratentorial regions. Retrocerebellar ECs is a rare location. We present a case of 3-months-old infant who developed obstructive hydrocephalus, bulging fontanel, and macrocephaly secondary to a retrocerebellar EC. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a large retrocerebellar cyst that compressed the cerebellum and the brainstem, producing fourth ventricle outlet obstruction and supratentorial hydrocephalus. Microsurgical fenestration of the cyst to the obex of the fourth ventricle and a cystic wall biopsy were performed. The procedure improved supratentorial hydrocephalus, as well as the patient's clinical condition. A histopathological study confirmed the diagnosis of an EC.

As far as we know, after a thorough review of the literature, this is the first reported case of retrocerebellar EC. It is a rare cause of hydrocephalus due to outlet obstruction of the fourth ventricle. Treatment of the cause itself was shown to be effective.
Adenoviral Respiratory Infection-Associated Mortality in Children: A Retrospective Case Series
Authors: Spaeder Michael C. , Stewart Claire , Sharron Matthew P. , Noether Julia R. , Martinez-Schlurman Natalia , Kavanagh Robert P. , Signoff Jessica K. , McCrory Michael C. , Eidman Daniel B. , Subbaswamy Anjali V. , Shea Paul L. , Harwayne-Gidansky Ilana , Ninmer Emily K. , Sheram Mary Lynn , Watson Christopher M.
Published: October 2020

Viral respiratory infections are a leading cause of illness and hospitalization in young children worldwide. Case fatality rates in pediatric patients with adenoviral lower respiratory tract infection requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission have been reported between 7 and 22%. We investigated the demographics and clinical characteristics in pediatric mortalities associated with adenoviral respiratory infection at 12 academic children's hospitals in the United States. There were 107 mortality cases included in our study, 73% of which had a chronic medical condition. The most common chronic medical condition was immunocompromised state in 37 cases (35%). The incidences of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (78%) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (94%) were profound. Immunocompetent cases were more likely to receive mechanical ventilation within the first hour of ICU admission (60 vs. 14%, p < 0.001) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (27 vs. 5%, p = 0.009), and less likely to receive continuous renal replacement therapy (20 vs. 49%, p = 0.002) or have renal dysfunction (54 vs. 78%, p = 0.014) as compared with immunocompromised cases. Immunocompromised cases were more likely to have bacteremia (57 vs. 16%, p < 0.001) and adenoviremia (51 vs. 17%, p < 0.001) and be treated with antiviral medications (81 vs. 26%, p < 0.001). We observed a high burden of nonrespiratory organ system dysfunction in a cohort of pediatric case fatalities with adenoviral respiratory infection. The majority of cases had a chronic medical condition associated with an increased risk of complications from viral respiratory illness, most notably immunocompromised state. Important treatment differences were noted between immunocompromised and immunocompetent cases.
Post-Newtonian limit of teleparallel Horndeski gravity
Authors: Bahamonde Sebastian , Dialektopoulos Konstantinos F , Hohmann Manuel , Said Jackson Levi
Published: October 2020

We consider the newly proposed Bahamonde–Dialektopoulos–Levi Said (BDLS) theory, that is the Horndeski analog in the teleparallel framework and thus contains a non-minimally coupled scalar field, including higher order derivatives, that leads however to second order field equations both for the tetrad and the scalar field. This theory was mostly constructed to revive those models that were severely constrained in the scalar–tensor version of the theory from the GW170817, but includes also much richer phenomenology because of the nature of the torsion tensor. For this theory we determine the parameterized post-Newtonian (PPN) limit, calculate the full set of post-Newtonian parameters and highlight some special cases.
Neutron rate estimates in MAST based on gyro-orbit modelling of fast ions
Authors: Sperduti A. , Cecconello M. , Conroy S. , Snicker A.
Published: October 2020

A discrepancy between predicted and measured neutron rates on MAST using TRANSP/NUBEAM has previously been observed and a correction factor of about 0.6 was needed to match the two: this correction factor could not be accounted for by the experimental uncertainties in the plasma kinetic profiles nor in the NBI energy and power (Cecconello et al 2019 Nucl. Fusion
59 016006). Further causes of this discrepancy are here studied by means of TRANSP/NUBEAM and ASCOT/BBNBI simulations. Different equilibria, toroidal field ripples, uncertainties on the NBI divergence value and gyro-orbit effects were studied and simulations were performed with both transport codes. It was found that the first three effects accounted for only a 5% variation in the fast ion density. On the other hand, full gyro-orbit simulations of the fast ions dynamics carried out in ASCOT/BBNBI resulted in an approximately 20% reduction of the fast ion population compared to TRANSP/NUBEAM. A detailed analysis of the fast ion distributions showed how the drop occurred regardless of the energy at pitch values ⩽−0.4. The DRESS code was then used to calculate the neutron rate at the neutron camera detector’s location showing that the discrepancy is considerably reduced when the full gyro-orbit fast ion distribution is used, with now the correction factor, used to match experimental and predicted neutron rates, being around 0.9.
Enhanced design considerations on the buckling and dynamics of Gannet-inspired systems during water entry
Authors: Zimmerman S , Abdelkefi A
Published: October 2020

To provide a more complete analysis of Gannet birds and Gannet-inspired drones during diving, this work considers an improved beam model to describe the static and dynamic characteristics of Gannet and Gannet-like drones at impact. The beam model consists of two different geometric and material property beams under continuity conditions to better understand the geometrical and material parameters’ influence on the structural statics and dynamics of these kinds of systems. Using Hamilton’s principle, the equations of motion, continuity, and boundary conditions considering Euler–Bernoulli and Timoshenko theories are derived. Then, applying the continuity and boundary conditions, the static and dynamic analyses are conducted to examine the impact buckling speeds, the buckled shapes, the natural frequencies at different impact velocities for bioinspired drone design, and the post-buckled mode shapes. The buckled configurations suggest that the body of the Gannet most likely has a different bending and torsional stiffness than the neck. The results indicate that the amount of softening in the joints contributes significantly to not only the speed at which the bird will buckle, but also the buckling profile of the bird. To obtain a physical buckling profile of the Gannet, a stiffer boundary condition at the end of the bird body model is needed due to the increased bending stiffness properties of the body compared to the neck as well as the position of the wings and feet surpassing the end of the body. The results also demonstrate that to build a bioinspired diving drone that falls within a smaller air-vehicle range, the amount of error between theories in predicting the static and dynamic buckling behavior of the system becomes significantly more evident. The dynamic characteristics and mode shapes of the Gannet-like systems are provided for further drone design insight on the impact speeds the drone can achieve without responding to an external excitation frequency from a propeller or actuator.
Common but differentiated leadership: strategies and challenges for carbon neutrality by 2050 across industrialized economies
Authors: Schreyer Felix , Luderer Gunnar , Rodrigues Renato , Pietzcker Robert C , Baumstark Lavinia , Sugiyama Masahiro , Brecha Robert J , Ueckerdt Falko
Published: October 2020

Given their historic emissions and economic capability, we analyze a leadership role for representative industrialized regions (EU, US, Japan, and Australia) in the global climate mitigation effort. Using the global integrated assessment model REMIND, we systematically compare region-specific mitigation strategies and challenges of reaching domestic net-zero carbon emissions in 2050. Embarking from different emission profiles and trends, we find that all of the regions have technological options and mitigation strategies to reach carbon neutrality by 2050. Regional characteristics are mostly related to different land availability, population density and population trends: While Japan is resource limited with respect to onshore wind and solar power and has constrained options for carbon dioxide removal (CDR), their declining population significantly decreases future energy demand. In contrast, Australia and the US benefit from abundant renewable resources, but face challenges to curb industry and transport emissions given increasing populations and high per-capita energy use. In the EU, lack of social acceptance or EU-wide cooperation might endanger the ongoing transition to a renewable-based power system. CDR technologies are necessary for all regions, as residual emissions cannot be fully avoided by 2050. For Australia and the US, in particular, CDR could reduce the required transition pace, depth and costs. At the same time, this creates the risk of a carbon lock-in, if decarbonization ambition is scaled down in anticipation of CDR technologies that fail to deliver. Our results suggest that industrialized economies can benefit from cooperation based on common themes and complementary strengths. This may include trade of electricity-based fuels and materials as well as the exchange of regional experience on technology scale-up and policy implementation.
Assessing the effectiveness and pathways of planned shelters in protecting mental health of flood victims in China
Authors: Zhong Shuang , Pang Minghui , Ho Hung Chak , Jegasothy Edward , Clayton Susan , Wang Zhe , Huang Cunrui
Published: October 2020

Background. Evacuation and sheltering are commonly used strategies for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation, but may negatively affect mental health of internally displaced persons (IDPs). Recently, Chinese governments have developed planned settlements providing integrated and intensive health services and environmental interventions to reduce immediate disastrous impacts and support the mental health of IDPs. Methods. Here we selected 69 planned shelters by stratified sampling to describe the implemented interventions conducted in Anhui Province of China after the 2016 severe floods, and we used standardized psychological scales to survey the intervention group (IDP who lived in these planned shelters) and the matched control group (victims living in their homes). Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association between social-demographic characteristics, flooding exposure, environmental conditions and the psychological diseases. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were calculated to compare their prevalence of psychological diseases, and to identify its influencing factors though comparing multiple interventions. Finally, the structural equation modeling was used to identify their influencing pathways. Results. Compared with the control group, the intervention group had a significantly lower risk of anxiety (OR = 0.36; 95% CI: 0.18–0.71), depression (OR = 0.36; 95% CI: 0.19–0.68) and post-traumatic stress disorder (OR = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.15–0.56). Environmental interventions providing clean water, safe food, environmental hygiene, risk communication and sufficient accommodation had a protective effect (standardized indirect effect = −0.153, p < 0.01) on the risk of psychological problems, mediating the negative effect caused by displacement and sheltering. Conclusions. How planned shelters were used to achieve better mental health outcomes in Anhui could inform other flood-prone areas to mitigate psychological vulnerability of IDPs.
Nitrogen loss to the environment due to various nitrogen-use efficiencies during milk and beef production in Japan
Authors: Mori Akinori , Eguchi Sadao , Higuchi Mikito , Shibata Hideaki
Published: October 2020

Reactive nitrogen (Nr) is essential to livestock production, but its excess use can become a source of environment pollution, the extent of which can be evaluated by using a nitrogen (N) footprint model. Such a model provides a useful indicator linking consumers’ activity with Nr loss to the environment. To reduce Nr losses, it is crucial to reduce the use of ‘new-Nr,’ namely Nr chemically (synthetic-Nr) and biologically (BNF-Nr) fixed from the atmosphere, by recycling manure-Nr for crop production. When estimating the N footprint associated with the N use efficiency (NUE) of animal products and virtual N factor (VNF), namely the ratio of Nr released to the environment during the food production and consumption processes per unit Nr consumed, Nr flows from feed production in fields to milk and beef consumption by humans should be quantified. Here, we estimated the national-scale NUE of milk and beef production in Japan and quantified the VNF and N footprint, namely Nr losses to the environment per capita through milk and beef consumption by humans. Crop NUE (i.e. feed-Nr/(new-Nr + manure-Nr)) was greater in paddy fields and grassland than in upland fields. Milk NUE (i.e. consumed-Nr/new-Nr) and milk VNF were 15% and 5.6, respectively. Beef NUEs (i.e. consumed-Nr/new-Nr) and beef VNFs were 4.0% and 24.2 for dairy bullocks, 3.2% and 29.8 for crossbred cattle, and 2.4% and 41.5 for beef breeds, respectively. The length of the fattening period was an important determinant of beef NUE and beef VNF. When the components of slaughtered cattle (the three types previously mentioned + culled cattle) in Japan were considered, beef NUE and beef VNF were 3.7% and 26.3, respectively. We hope that providing consumers with this information will prompt them to choose more environmentally sustainable animal products and thus substantially reduce the worldwide N footprint.
Constructions of locally distinguishable sets of maximally entangled states which require two-way LOCC
Authors: Yuan Jiang-Tao , Yang Ying-Hui , Wang Cai-Hong
Published: October 2020

Most of known locally distinguishable sets of maximally entangled states (MESs) can be perfectly distinguished with one-way local operations and classical communication (1-LOCC), and there are not many known locally distinguishable sets which require two-way LOCC (2-LOCC). Recently some such sets of MESs have been built, that is, they can be locally distinguished only with 2-LOCC. In this work, we show that there exist a lot of locally distinguishable MESs which require 2-LOCC (denote such sets by 2-LOCC sets). Firstly generalized Bell states are employed to construct lots of 1-LOCC indistinguishable sets of MESs in the quantum systems

C

a
+

(

a
+
1

)

r

⊗

C

a
+

(

a
+
1

)

r

and

C

a
+

(

a
+
2

)

r

⊗

C

a
+

(

a
+
2

)

r

. Then we build a lot of 2-LOCC sets by using Weyl commutation relation and two constructive methods. Especially, it is shown that there are at least 8 and 105 2-LOCC sets in quantum systems

C

10

⊗

C

10

and

C

19

⊗

C

19

respectively.
Limit properties of Lévy walks
Authors: Magdziarz Marcin , Zorawik Tomasz
Published: October 2020

In this paper we study properties of the diffusion limits of three different models of Lévy walks (LW). Exact asymptotic behavior of their trajectories is found using LePage series representation. We also prove an existing conjecture about total variation of LW sample paths. Based on this conjecture we verify martingale properties of the limit processes for LW. We also calculate their probability density functions and apply this result to determine the potential density of the associated non-symmetric α-stable processes. The obtained theoretical results for continuous LW can be used to recognize and verify this type of processes from anomalous diffusion experimental data. In particular they can be used to estimate parameters from experimental data using maximum likelihood methods.
One Powell generator is redundant
Authors: Scharlemann Martin
Published: October 2020

In 1980 J. Powell [Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 257 (1980), pp. 193–216] proposed that five specific elements sufficed to generate the Goeritz group of any Heegaard splitting of

S
3

S^3

. This conjecture remains unresolved for genus

g
≥
4

g \geq 4

. Here a short argument shows that one of his proposed generators is redundant, in fact a consequence of three of the other four.
Factor Validity of Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) Using Robust Estimations in Ecuadorian Adolescents
Authors: Moreta-Herrera Rodrigo , Rodas Jose A , Lara-Salazar Mariela
Published: October 2020

Objective

Confirm the three correlated factors model of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) using robust estimations and evaluate its internal consistency with a sample of Ecuadorian adolescents.

Method

Descriptive and instrumental analysis that includes confirmatory factor analysis with robust estimation and the calculation of its internal consistency.

Participants

A total of 1113 adolescents in which 56.1% are men and 43.9% are women), and they were between 11 and 19 years old ($\overline{X} $= 14.9 years; s = 1.67). Students from eight educational centres in Cotopaxi (54.1%) and Tungurahua (45.9%) in Ecuador were also included.

Results

The three correlated factors model from the AUDIT is confirmed with χ2 = 95.67; P < 0.001; df = 32; χ2/df = 2.98; comparative adjustment index = 0.93; Tucker-Lewis index = 0.90; standardized root mean square residual = 0.046; root mean square error of approximation = 0.042; 95% confidence interval [0.033–0.052].

Conclusions

The three correlated factors model from the AUDIT using robust estimations has an adequate fit and is also reliable in a sample of Ecuadorian adolescents.