bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the Impact of Evapotranspiration at the Aquifer Scale via Groundwater Modelling and MODIS Data
Authors: Colombani Nicolò , Gaiolini Mattia , Busico Gianluigi , Postacchini Matteo
Published: March 2021

In shallow alluvial aquifers characterized by coarse sediments, the evapotranspiration rates from groundwater are often not accounted for due to their low capillarity. Nevertheless, this assumption can lead to errors in the hydrogeological balance estimation. To quantify such impacts, a numerical flow model using MODFLOW was set up for the Tronto river alluvial aquifer (Italy). Different estimates of evapotranspiration rates were retrieved from the online Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) database and used as input values. The numerical model was calibrated against piezometric heads collected in two snapshots (mid-January 2007 and mid-June 2007) in monitoring wells distributed along the whole alluvial aquifer. The model performance was excellent, with all the statistical parameters indicating very good agreement between calculated and observed heads. The model validation was performed using baseflow data of the Tronto river compared with the calculated aquifer–river exchanges in both of the simulated periods. Then, a series of numerical scenarios indicated that, although the model performance did not vary appreciably regardless of whether it included evapotranspiration from groundwater, the aquifer–river exchanges were influenced significantly. This study showed that evapotranspiration from shallow groundwater accounts for up to 21% of the hydrogeological balance at the aquifer scale and that baseflow observations are pivotal in quantifying the evapotranspiration impact.
Mapping the Pollution Plume Using the Self-Potential Geophysical Method: Case of Oum Azza Landfill, Rabat, Morocco
Authors: Touzani Meryem , Mohsine Ismail , Ouardi Jamila , Kacimi Ilias , Morarech Moad , El Bahajji Mohamed , Bouramtane Tarik , Tiouiouine Abdessamad , Yameogo Suzanne , El Mahrad Badr
Published: March 2021

The main landfill in the city of Rabat (Morocco) is based on sandy material containing the shallow Mio-Pliocene aquifer. The presence of a pollution plume is likely, but its extent is not known. Measurements of spontaneous potential (SP) from the soil surface were cross-referenced with direct measurements of the water table and leachates (pH, redox potential, electrical conductivity) according to the available accesses, as well as with an analysis of the landscape and the water table flows. With a few precautions during data acquisition on this resistive terrain, the results made it possible to separate the electrokinetic (~30%) and electrochemical (~70%) components responsible for the range of potentials observed (70 mV). The plume is detected in the hydrogeological downstream of the discharge, but is captured by the natural drainage network and does not extend further under the hills.
The Role of External Factors in the Variability of the Structure of the Zooplankton Community of Small Lakes (South-East Kazakhstan)
Authors: Aubakirova Moldir , Krupa Elena , Mazhibayeva Zhanara , Isbekov Kuanysh , Assylbekova Saule
Published: March 2021

The variability of hydrochemical parameters, the heterogeneity of the habitat, and a low level of anthropogenic impact, create the premises for conserving the high biodiversity of aquatic communities of small water bodies. The study of small water bodies contributes to understanding aquatic organisms’ adaptation to sharp fluctuations in external factors. Studies of biological communities’ response to fluctuations in external factors can be used for bioindication of the ecological state of small water bodies. In this regard, the purpose of the research is to study the structure of zooplankton of small lakes in South-East Kazakhstan in connection with various physicochemical parameters to understand the role of biological variables in assessing the ecological state of aquatic ecosystems. According to hydrochemical data in summer 2019, the nutrient content was relatively high in all studied lakes. A total of 74 species were recorded in phytoplankton. The phytoplankton abundance varied significantly, from 8.5 × 107 to 2.71667 × 109 cells/m3, with a biomass from 0.4 to 15.81 g/m3. Shannon diversity index of phytoplankton in the lakes at high altitude varied from 1.33 to 2.39 and from 0.46 to 3.65 in the lakes at lower altitudes. The average weight of the cells of algae species varied from 0.2079 to 1.5076 × 10−6 mg in the lakes at lower altitudes, the average weight of the cells of algae species changed from 0.6682 to 1.2963 × 10−6 mg in the lakes at higher altitudes. Zooplankton was represented by 58 taxa. The total abundance of zooplankton varied from 0.05 to 169.00 thousand ind./m3 with biomass of 0.51–349.01 mg/m3. Shannon diversity of zooplankton in the lakes at lower altitude fluctuated from 0.42 to 2.32 and it was 0.66–1.77 in the lakes at higher altitudes. The average individual mass of specimens in zooplankton in mountain lakes ranged from 0.021 to 0.037 mg and varied from 0.002 to 0.007 mg in other lakes. The main factors in the development of the structure of zooplankton communities in small lakes were temperature, TDS, the content of nitrates, phosphates, and the composition and biomass of planktonic algae. The hydrochemical and biological data of the investigated lakes indicated their organic pollution. Our results once again confirmed the applicability of structural variables of zooplankton in assessing water quality.
Influence of outflow of oil on work of hydro machines
Authors: Petrashev A. I. , Klepikov V. V.
Published: March 2021

Influence of outflow of oil on its heating and decrease of useful capacity of the pump in hydraulic system of a tractor at work with the hydro motor is shown. The system of stabilization of temperature of hydraulic oil is necessary for steady work of the hydro motor.
Reduced cleaning costs
Authors: Matveev V. Yu.
Published: March 2021

The paper deals with the creation of energy-efficient dual-circuit flushing system based mobile-electric device with active working bodies. Application of the system allows to divide the flushing process and the milk milking apparatus that provides effective washing hydromechanical cleaning milking machines and the milk mobile device with a minimum amount of cleaning solution. The proposed system reduces the duration of washing detergent and consumption of energy by 50 %.
The use of digital technologies in disposal of agricultural equipment
Authors: Ignatov V. I. , Gerasimov V. S. , Andreeva D. V.
Published: March 2021

The article presents the results of research and analytical reviews to determine the possibilities of using digital technologies in the disposal of decommissioned agricultural equipment. The rationale for the use of digital technology in the formation of a resource-saving eco-friendly system for the disposal of agricultural machinery. Until recently, technical support for equipment manufacturers ended with the operation phase. The requirements of regulatory documents on the need to dispose of decommissioned equipment in design, operational and repair regulatory documents were purely declarative in nature and have not been (and are not yet implemented in Russia) by its manufacturers. he use of CALS (IPI) — technologies for the formation of a system for utilization of agricultural machinery will create a common database that will be based on the fi nal state of parts and their variable properties. Also, their application will make it possible to provide logistic support for all components of the material fl ows of equipment throughout the life cycle. In addition, the use of common software aimed at performing these functions will create the necessary conditions for the operation and maintenance of the functionality of the system. The most optimal option is to create VET utilization systems taking into account the national peculiarities of Russia on the basis of existing foreign developments both for creating operational and repair documents in digital format, and for developing technologies for utilization of equipment that take into account the requirements of resource conservation and the environment.
Support for the life cycle of agricultural machinery
Authors: Mishina Z. N.
Published: March 2021

Conducted research on life cycle analysis of complex agricultural technologies have revealed certain patterns: the share of expenditure on repair and maintenance of these machines reaches 70% of the total cost of all phases of the product life cycle, so identification of the main ways to support the life cycle of agricultural machinery is an important task of maintaining the health and effi ciency of mashinno-tractor Park of the agricultural sector.
Acute fipronil intoxication in Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri sciureus)
Authors: DEMİR Onur , ÖZDEMİR Özgen , KOÇAK Asiye , ARSLAN Zeynel , SEVİN Sedat
Published: March 2021

A biocidal product in gel form containing 0.05% fipronil active substance was used for pest control in the habitat of thirteen Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri sciureus) in a zoo. Following the application, sudden death was observed in three primates. Routine bacteriological, histopathological and toxicological analyses on one cadaver and tissue samples from the cadaver did not produce any pathogenic agent, pesticide and any pathognomonic findings. In an attempt to investigate the presence of known fipronil intoxication biomarkers, fipronil and fipronil sulfone, we applied modified QuEChERS extraction processes on tissue samples and determined the fipronil and fipronil sulfone levels as 27.1-3.5 μg/kg in cutaneous tissue and 13.8-47.2 μg/kg in brain tissue, respectively, by using UHPLC Q-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer. In the light of the anamnesis, necropsy, microbiology and histopathology results, and after evaluating the presence of fipronil-fipronil sulfone in tissues, we considered that the deaths could have resulted from acute fipronil toxicity due to species-specific active substance susceptibility.
Diet of Exotic Pirapitinga Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier, 1818) From Vembanad-Kole Wetland, India, as Inferred From Gut Content Analysis and DNA Barcoding
Authors: ANUPAMA VINOD SREEDEVI , RAJ SMRITHY , DEVI SUVARNA S. , KUMAR APPUKUTTANNAIR BIJU
Published: March 2021

Gut contents of the exotic characid fish Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier, 1818) that escaped into the Vembanad-Kole Wetland, India, during the floods were examined for their gut food spectrum. The qualitative analysis of gut contents showed that the fish is an omnivore with detritus (27 %) as the most dominant food item followed by, plant matter (25 %), crabs (16 %), molluscs (12 %), fish (11 %) and insects (7 %), respectively. DNA barcoding of the gut contents revealed taxa such as Puntius mahecola (Valenciennes, 1844) (Cyprinid fish), Bellamaya sp. (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Viviparidae), Spiralothelphusa sp. (Crustacea, Brachyura, Gecarcinucidae) and Ictinogomphus sp. (Insecta, Odonata, Gomphidae) among diet contents. Ontogenic diet shift was not recorded, and none of the fishes showed empty guts, indicating the higher feeding rate and abundance of food in the habitat. The most predominant food item of P. brachypomus in the Vembanad-Kol wetland system is crabs in terms of percentage occurrence, percentage number, percentage volume, index of preponderance, and index of relative importance. Piaractus brachypomus showed greater variations in diet spectrum from their frugivorous nature in the home range (Amazon basin) to a more generalist heterogeneous feeding nature in the introduced ecosystem. The study found that in a highly biodiverse ecosystem, the introduced alien fish may compete with native fish and feed on native organisms. The paper suggests a precautionary approach in flood plain aquaculture, especially with the increase in extreme climatic events and holistic studies on invasion biology to manage invasive species.
The Extent, Dynamics, and Potential Predictors of Technical Efficiency and Capacity Utilisation in Small-Scale Fisheries in Oman
Authors: AL-SIYABI MOHAMMED , BOSE SHEKAR , AL-MASROORI HUSSEIN
Published: March 2021

This paper investigates the extent, dynamics, and factors influencing technical efficiency (TE) and capacity utilisation (CU) in small-scale fisheries (SSF) using a two-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach covering the period 2010–2012. A considerable extent of boat-level technical inefficiency, capacity underutilisation and scale inefficiency were evident. On average, TE and CU levels under the constant returns to scale (CRS) and variable returns to scale (VRS) models declined over time. The TE and CU scores of 2010 remained unaltered with the addition of ‘fishing time’ as an input to the model. The proportion of boats with unitary scale efficiency (SE) decreased from 26 % in 2010 to 12 % in 2012. The underutilisation rates of the inputs ‘crew’ and ‘fishing time’ ranged from 15.5 % to 31.6 % and 15.8 % to 28.6 %, respectively. Among the species category, the extent of excess capacity was 70 % to 156 % and 47 % to 119 % under the CRS and VRS models, respectively. The second-stage DEA results indicated that the explanatory variables ‘fishing location’, ‘catch per unit of effort’ (CPUE), ‘fuel costs’ and ‘crew share’ significantly influenced CU under the CRS model. In contrast, the significant influence of subsidies and other operating costs were noted under the VRS model. For the TE case, ‘age’, ‘education’, ‘subsidy’ and ‘CPUE’ were found to be significant under the CRS and VRS models. Other significant variables were found in the study under CRS and VRS models. Finally, the results from the descriptive and empirical analysis under the two-stage DEA model are discussed together with policy implications.
Red Hybrid Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) Broodstock Development Programme in Malaysia: Status, Challenges and Prospects for Future Development
Authors: MOHAMAD SITI NORITA , NOORDIN WAN NORHANA MOHD. , ISMAIL NOOR FAIZAH , HAMZAH AZHAR
Published: March 2021

The red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) and the black tilapia, including the genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) (Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)) collectively contributed to about 30.7 % of the total freshwater aquaculture production in Malaysia in 2018. The red hybrid tilapia is the most important, accounting for 94 % of total tilapia production. Among the major problems encountered in tilapia farming is the inconsistent supply of quality and adequate seeds, which could be solved through systematic breeding programmes. Among the major problems encountered in tilapia species farming is the inconsistent supply of quality and adequate seeds, which could be solved through systematic breeding programmes. This paper discusses the status of the red hybrid tilapia breeding programme in Malaysia, including issues and future perspectives. In brief, the first systematic breeding programme was initiated by the Fisheries Research Institute (FRI) in 2008. Selected founder stocks from Malaysia, Taiwan and Thailand were used to establish a base population for the programme. In this programme, the combined selection was practised which produced six generations of selection and successfully improved 12.5 % of harvest body weight per generation. The 6th generation was used as one of the founder stocks, apart from FRI Glami Lemi, Negeri Sembilan and Pahang populations to improve resistance to Streptococcus agalactiae. In 2017, the scope of the programme was expanded to include molecular tool in identifying markers for growth. Ten SNP markers associated with high growth performance traits were discovered. The provision of better breeding stocks for the aquaculture industry and the development of safe and productive operations are expected to result in more stable fish production and an improved income for farmers.
EFEKTIVITAS PEMBELAJARAN DARING DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN GOOGLE CLASSROOM (GCR) PADA MATA KULIAH KONSEP DASAR IPA MAHASISWA PGSD
Authors: Tiolina Siregar Hotma , Tarigan Rupina M.
Published: March 2021

This study aims to describe the effectiveness of online learning using the Google Calss Room (GCR) online media during the Covid-19 pandemic in the Science Basic Concepts Course. This research is a descriptive quantitative study using online media, namely google form. The results of the study illustrated that students rated learning in the Science Basic Concepts Course using online media, namely Google Classroom (GCR) as very effective (15.6%), most of them rated it as effective (75%), and ineffective (9.4%).
Le développement durable en droit marocain, entre utopie et réalité
Authors: Majdoubi Hind
Published: March 2021

Sustainable development in moroccan law : between utopia and reality. Sustainable development appears in moroccan law in 2003, with the law 11-03 on protection and upgrading of the environment. In 2011, the new Constitution of the Kingdom of Morocco recognizes the right to sustainable development and evokes sustainable development on several occasions, especially creating the Economic, Social and Environmental Council. The national charter for environment and sustainable development was adopted in 2014. Morocco displays doubtless the choice of sustainable development. It is therefore interesting to examine how the moroccan law grasps this choice, by evaluating the general legal instruments (especially the Constitution and the national charter for environment and sustainable development) and by verifying its scope in other special legal instruments.
L’adaptation du droit français au droit de l’Union européenne en matière de mise en culture d’OGM : regard depuis le principe de précaution
Authors: Brosset Estelle
Published: March 2021

La loi du 2 décembre 2015 et la directive 2015/ 412 qu’elle transpose ne se résument pas à une énième modification du cadre juridique relatif aux OGM. Elles constituent, au contraire, en particulier du point de vue du principe de précaution, des textes importants à considérer. En effet, en inscrivant, au bénéfice des autorités compétentes (dont les autorités françaises), la possibilité d’interdire ou de restreindre la mise en culture d’OGM pour d’autres motifs que ceux liés à l’existence d’éventuels risques pour l’environnement ou la santé, ils font apparaître une déclinaison nouvelle de ce célèbre principe à propos de laquelle, nécessairement, toute une série d’interrogations émergent.
Du mouvement naturel à la production énergétique
Authors: Krolik Christophe
Published: March 2021

From natural movement to the energy generation. The notion of energy transition is henceforth at the heart of European and French projects. Its achievement requires the development of innovative ways. From a legal point of view, the energy is usually seen as commodities. However, in a physical terms, it can be seen as a system based on a natural movement governed by universal laws, like laws of thermodynamics. This article tries to explain the possibility of supplementing the static approach of the “energy-commodity” by a dynamic approach established on laws of thermodynamics. It aims at proving that taking better account of these laws by Law would contribute to addressing the energetics challenges.
Théorie du droit, Le droit à l’épreuve de la résurgence des commons
Authors: Gutwirth Serge , Stengers Isabelle
Published: March 2021

When the commons put the law on test. Despite the tale of their tragedy, the commons are driven by an agreement or «government » (E. Ostrom) and the shared concern not to destroy the resource from which all depend. Their disappearance is the result of an eradication by the collusion of the freedom of enterprise of the owners, and the sovereignty of the owner in the square, the State. If the current resurgence of the commons can herald an urgent and needed change of behaviour it is because of the renewed sense of sustainability it expresses at the time of the threats linked to climate change. This resurgence nevertheless frontally collides with the current law which has inherited from their eradication. In this article the authors explore the obstacles against articulating the current applicable law and what is demanded by the life of the commons. Since the commons necessarily generate the development of local and vernacular law, a fundamental tension with the principle of the rule of preponderance of law comes to light.
« Alexandre-Charles Kiss était-il kelsénien ? » Qualification de la pensée d’Alexandre Kiss ou le paradoxe de la pensée juridique : entre droit et science (pure) du droit
Authors: Bouru Michael
Published: March 2021

Hans Kelsen était le «pape du positivisme juridique » (A. Viala). Il a su rassembler le consensus doctrinal autour de sa théorie relative à une science pure du droit. Cette théorie du droit doit être nettement distinguée du droit lui-même et des valeurs extra-juridiques. Si cette science du droit permet de justifier globalement la validité de l’ordre juridique, notamment international, elle a aussi fait l’objet de vives tensions doctrinales. Malgré tout, sa force et son objectivisme permettent de supposer que de nombreux auteurs en ont réclamé la filiation : monisme, ordre juridique, contrainte, morale, faits… Si la parenté d’un auteur à la doctrine n’est pas nécessairement expresse, notamment pour Alexandre Kiss à l’égard de Hans Kelsen, cette parenté paraît néanmoins envisageable, malgré les spécificités du droit international de l’environnement et même si elle peut très largement être nuancée. Il faut néanmoins bien être prudent sur le fait qu’entre science (pure) du droit et droit, et à l’égard des caractéristiques essentielles des deux auteurs, les nuances conceptuelles altèrent nécessairement la recherche d’une solution juste et rationnelle.
Regards croisés sur les méthodes de la doctrine environnementaliste au Brésil
Authors: Teles da Silva Solange
Published: March 2021

La doctrine environnementaliste est l’opinion écrite et scientifique des auteurs, dans le champ du droit de l’environnement. Elle exprime la diversité de leurs idées et constitue l’une des sources du droit de l’environnement. Considérant les travaux de recherche juridique comme une partie de la doctrine, l’objectif de cet article est de réaliser une analyse des méthodes employées dans la recherche en droit de l’environnement et de leur contribution à l’évolution de la doctrine environnementaliste. À partir de l’analyse de la genèse et du développement de la doctrine environnementaliste au Brésil, on étudie les rapports entre les disciplines juridiques et non juridiques, ainsi que sur les rapports entre l’approche empirique et théorique des méthodes de la doctrine environnementaliste.
La doctrine au défi des lobbies : ignorer ou décrypter les nouveaux concepts proposés ?
Authors: Misonne Delphine
Published: March 2021

Les politiques environnementales sollicitent tout un jargon dont on ne trouve pas toujours l’analyse dans la doctrine. Les pratiques de communication, qui sont le propre des groupes d’influence, sont l’un des facteurs d’explication de la large diffusion de certains de ces termes. Or, ces mots, ces buzzwords, qu’ils soient positifs ou négatifs, charrient leur lot de représentations et de pratiques de « prêt-à-penser » , qui méritent d’être mises en lumière par les juristes. Les pratiques de communication ne doivent pas être ignorées, lorsque l’on se demande comment il se fait que certaines idées semblent parfois mieux portées, sur la place publique et en lien à la régulation environnementale, que d’autres.
La doctrine vue par le juge administratif, deux mondes qui s’ignorent ?
Authors: Clément Marc
Published: March 2021

La doctrine est ignorée par le juge administratif. Cette situation est explicable par les conditions d’exercice de ses fonctions par le juge. Mais il faut reconnaître que cette situation est tout particulièrement marquée dans le cas français. On ne peut se satisfaire de cet état de fait car la mise en perspective de la production jurisprudentielle et la nécessité de s’assurer que les concepts développés sont cohérents, doivent inciter à rechercher des passerelles entre deux mondes qui s’ignorent. Ces passerelles sont d’autant plus urgentes à trouver que l’informatisation du droit peut conduire à une séparation encore plus grande entre praticiens et universitaires. Des réponses innovantes doivent être trouvées dans le développement de lieux tels que l’Institut européen du droit qui, depuis 2011, visent à rapprocher la communauté juridique européenne.
Diagnosis, investigation and management of breast implant illness
Authors: Wong Daniel WH , Lam Tai K
Published: March 2021

Introduction: An increasing pool of literature proposes a link between silicone implants and autoimmune-related symptoms known colloquially as breast implant illness (BII). We describe the history of BII, reported symptoms, risk factors and previously published diagnostic criteria to aid clinicians in the diagnosis, investigations and management of patients presenting with symptoms that they attribute to their silicone breast implants. Methods: A literature search was performed using MEDLINE®, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effect (DARE) and PubMed in September 2018. The search terms ‘autoimmune inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants’, ‘breast implants’ and ‘silicone’ were used alone and in combination. Results: Thirty-four studies were reviewed including three case reports, 12 case series, 14 retrospective cohort studies, four case control studies and one prospective cohort study. Within this cohort, 18 studies were found regarding the explantation of implants relating to BII. Conclusion: Studies have demonstrated no association between silicone breast implants and any known autoimmune diseases, but there exists a pool of literature suggestive of a relatively undefined condition colloquially known as BII. Serological testing and imaging play an important role in the assessment of patients to exclude other pathology, but these tests remain non-diagnostic for BII. Although medical treatment has shown promise, there is no established treatment for patients. The surgical explantation of implants appears to have positive outcomes for patients; however, the exact nature of the surgery required to achieve this remains unclear.
Deskripsi Penggunaan Media E-Learning dalam Pembelajaran Matematika di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Hulukati Evi , Achmad Novianita , Bau Muhammad Afdal
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan Penggunaan  media e-learning dalam pembelajaran matematika di masa pandemi (Covid-19). Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif  kuantitatif dengan populasi seluruh peserta didik kelas IX SMP N 4 Kota Gorontalo yang berjumlah 217 peserta didik. Sampel dalam penelitian sebanyak 22 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu simple random sampling. Data penelitian diperoleh dari lembar pengamatan guru dan peserta didik terkait penggunaan media e-learning ( Zoom, Whatsapp, Google Classroom), tes hasil belajar angket respon peserta didik  serta wawancara guru dan peserta didik tentang penggunaan media  e-learning dalam pembelajaran matematika di masa pandemi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penggunaan media e-learning dalam pembelajaran matematika di masa pandemi berada pada kategori kurang baik  yang ditunjukan dengan Kegiatan Guru memperoleh rata-rata presentase 54,4%, kegiatan Peserta didik memperoleh rata-rata 60%, respon peserta didik memperoleh rata-rata 73,6%, dan tes hasil belajar presentase peserta didik yang tuntas adalah 45.4% dan peserta didik yang tidak tuntas sebesar 54,5%.
Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Matematis Siswa Pada Materi Pola Bilangan
Authors: Usman Kartin , Uno Hamzah B , Oroh Franky A , Mokolinug Raviani
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif yang bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa pada materi pola bilangan. Penelitan dilaksanakan di SMPN 2 Suwawa pada Tahun Ajaran 2020/2021 denga subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas VIII.  Teknik pengambilan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik tes dan wawancara, tes digunakan untuk mengukur kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa, sementara wawancara digunakan untuk melengkapi dan memperkuat informasi tambahan yan diperlukan. Kemampuan berpikir kritis diukur dengan 4 indikator, yaitu: 1. Memberikan penjelasan sederhana, 2. Membangun keterampilan dasar, 3. Menyimpulkan, 4. Mengatur strategi dan taktik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata tingkat kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa kelas VIII SMPN 2 Suwawa termasuk dalam kategori kurang yaitu sebesar 53,35%.
Prévention et traitement de l’hypoglycémie néonatale à la maternité, dès l’âge gestationnel de 35+0 semaines: lignes directrices
Authors: Schulzke Sven , Das-Kundu Seema , Fontijn Jehudith , Mönkhoff Marion , Neumann Roland , Szinnai Gabor
Published: March 2021

Le but de ces recommandations est de prévenir et de traiter les hypoglycémies chez les nouveau-nés à terme ou faiblement prématurés dès la 35e semaine de gestation dans les salles d’accouchements ou les maternités, c’est-à-dire les centres de niveau I offrant des soins néonataux de base selon la classification des degrés de prise en charge néonatale en Suisse1). Ces recommandations ne s’appliquent pas aux prématurés < 35 semaines de gestations et aux nouveau-nés malades qui doivent être admis dans des centres de niveaux supérieurs offrant une prise en charge ciblée, des soins intermédiaires ou intensifs (niveaux de soins IIa, IIb et III en Suisse selon les critères du CANU).
Diversidad de insectos benéficos asociada a la flora existente en fincas suburbanas en Santiago de Cuba, Cuba
Authors: Mendoza Betancourt Evelio Osmani , Vargas Batis Belyani , Plana Quiala Adriel , Ramos García Yordi Mauro
Published: March 2021

La entomofauna benéfica es un componente importante en los sistemas cultivados, sin embargo, no siempre se tienen detalles sobre este recurso endógeno. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la diversidad de insectos benéficos asociada a la vegetación existente en fincas suburbanas de Santiago de Cuba, Cuba. Se realizó un análisis de trabajos desarrollados en estas fincas y se elaboró un listado de las especies benéficas reportadas, considerando, entre otros aspectos, el total de individuos. Con estos datos se evaluó la composición y como indicadores de diversidad alfa la Riqueza de Especies, Dominancia de Simpson, Índice de Berger-Parker y Diversidad general. Como medida de similitud se tuvo en cuenta la formación de grupos homogéneos mediante un análisis multivariado (CLUSTER). Se realizó un análisis documental para valorar las potencialidades de esta entomofauna para el manejo de plagas en las fincas estudiadas. Se contabilizaron 2.785 individuos pertenecientes a cinco órdenes, 10 familias, 17 géneros y 20 especies. La composición mostró variación tendiendo a la disminución de un período al otro, excepto el número de familias que se mantuvo cercano a la estabilidad. Los órdenes Coleoptera e Hymenoptera y los depredadores entre los grupos de organismos benéficos, fueron los más representados. La diversidad alfa es baja y muestra una disminución de un período al otro, los valores obtenidos están en el rango establecido excepto la diversidad de Shannon H´. Existe una baja similitud entre las fincas y la entomofauna benéfica estudiada posee potencialidades para ser utilizada en el manejo de las plagas presentes en estas.
El Mapa Integrado Andino del Norte
Authors: Martín Ángel , Contreras Juan José , Salinas Edson , Valverde Percy , Balbi Rafael , Medeiros Vinicius E. , Vianey Alesandra , Fajardo Amadeo , Guerrón Paulina , Tene Eliana , Sámuels Elizabeth , Agrazal Ariel , Flores Reynaldo , Avilés Wilman , Parcher Jean , Lugo Roberto , Blanco Luis Miguel , Rodríguez Antonio F.
Published: March 2021

El Mapa Integrado Andino del Norte, es una iniciativa liderada por el Instituto Panamericano de Geografía e Historia (IPGH) y apoyada por CAF-Banco de Desarrollo de América Latina, en el contexto del Programa GeoSUR, que tiene por objeto desarrollar el Primer Mapa Integrado de los países Andinos del Norte a escala1:250.000 a través del trabajo coordinado de los Institutos Geográficos de Panamá, Colombia, Ecuador, Perú y Bolivia. Esta iniciativa contó con la asesoría especializada y coordinación técnica delCentro Nacional de Información Geográfica (CNIG) del Instituto Geográfico Nacional de España y con la contribución especial de la Sección Nacional del IPGH en Estados Unidos de América, a través del Programa de Asistencia Técnica Internacional del Departamento del Interior (DOI-ITAP), de la Agencia de los EstadosUnidos para el Desarrollo Internacional (USAID) y con la asesoría del Servicio Geológico de Estados Unidos (USGS). El mapa tiene por finalidad beneficiar al conjunto de usuarios de información geográfica de los países de la Comunidad Andina de Naciones a través de la disponibilidad y acceso a información cartográfica regional oficial, de calidad, integrada y armonizada a nivel supranacional. Este proyecto integra los principales elementos de la Hidrografía, Límites Administrativos, Poblados, Vías, Morfología del Terreno y algunos elementos considerados como indispensables para entender la geografía de cada país, agrupados bajo el titulo Miscelánea. Una metodología participativa permite integrar no solo criterios técnicos de lainformación geoespacial de cinco países, también permite asegurar la continuidad de este proyecto a través del compromiso e integración de los Institutos Geográficos oficiales de cada país, a una escala útil para la planificación regional y el ordenamiento del territorio.
Measuring conflation success
Authors: Padilla-Ruiz Marta , López-Vázquez Carlos
Published: March 2021

We are immersed in the Big Data era, where there is a large amount of heterogeneous data, both in time and spatial scales. This data starts to be streamed in real time from different devices and sensors, well illustrated by the new concept of Smart Cities. Conflation processes play an important role in this scenario, defined as the procedure for the combination and integration of different data sources, improving the level of information of the result. It also allows to update geographical databases (GDB), conflating different kind of sources where one of them is more accurate or updated than the other. Regarding geometric conflation, the procedure involves transforming features from one data source to another, minimizing the geometric discrepancies between them. Accuracy has to be taken into account in these processes, and the results need to be measured and evaluated in order to have a better understanding of product quality. In this paper, conflation evaluation process is described along with the different metrics and approaches to assess its accuracy.
Predicción de alturas geoidales geométricas por redes neuronales artificiales
Authors: Carrión José , Tierra Alfonso , Del Cogliano Daniel
Published: March 2021

Alturas niveladas pertenecientes a las Redes de Nivelación Fundamental (RNF), sirven de base para el establecimiento de la referencia vertical fundamental de cada país. Cuando estas alturas no están asociadas a observaciones del campo de gravedad terrestre, teniendo por tanto características puramente geométricas, pierden utilidad en la solución de problemas relacionados con fenómenos de carácter regional y global vinculados con la dinámica del Sistema Tierra. Adicionalmente, diferentes Data Verticales Locales (DVL) no materializan la misma referencia, debido a que el NMM determinado en cada DVL presenta discrepancias en relación a un Sistema de Referencia Vertical Global (SRVG). Alturas geométricas provenientes de posicionamiento satelital (GNSS), podrían ser usadas para la determinación de  alturas físicas si fuese conocida la relación entre el elipsoide de nivel (superficie de referencia para las alturas geométricas) y una superficie de referencia basada en el campo de la gravedad terrestre. Una aproximación a dicha relación es obtenida de la diferencia entre las alturas elipsoidales y niveladas (h-Hn). Los resultados obtenidos en el presente trabajo muestran que las Redes Neuronales Artificiales (RNA) son un método promisorio en la predicción de la relación geométrica h-Hn. El entrenamiento de una RNA multicapa ha sido realizado, la información de base proviene de registros de la RNF de Ecuador (RNFE) asociados a observaciones GPS (GPS/nivelación), los resultados muestran que la predicción de h-Hn puede ser realizada registrando errores máximos de 7 cm.
Comparing the Thiessen’s Method against simpler alternatives using Monte Carlo Simulation
Authors: Guelfi Marcelo , López-Vazquez Carlos
Published: March 2021

Estimating the expected value of a function over geographic areas is problem with a long history. In the beginning of the XX-th century the most common method was just the arithmetic mean of the field measurements ignoring data location. In 1911, Thiessen introduced a new weighting procedure measuring influence through an area and thus indirectly considering closeness between them. In another context, Quenouville created in 1949 the jackknife method which is used to estimate the bias and the standard deviation. In 1979 Efron invented the bootstrap method which, among other things, is useful to estimate the expected value and the confidence interval (CI) from a population. Although the Thiessen’s method has been used for more than 100 years, we were unable to find systematic analysis comparing its efficiency against the simple mean, or even to more recent methods like jackknife or boostrap. In this work we compared four methods to estimate de expected value.  Sample mean, Thiessen, the so called here jackknifed Thiessen and bootstrap. All of them are feasible for routine use in a network of fixed locations. The comparison was made using the Friedman’s Test after a Monte Carlo simulation. Two cases were taken for study: one analytic with three arbitrary functions and the other using experimental data from daily rain measured with a satellite. The results show that Thiessen’s method is the best estimator in almost all the cases with a 95% of confidence interval. Unlike the others, the last two considered methods supply a suitable CI, but the one obtained through jackknifed Thiessen was even more accurate, opening the door for future work.
EPIC WebGIS-A partilha de conhecimento como ferramenta de integração da paisagem nas políticas de ordenamento do território
Authors: Magalhães Manuela R. , Pena Selma B. , Müller Ana , Cunha Natália S. , Silva João F. , Saavedra Cardoso Andreia , Barata Leonor T. , Franco Luísa
Published: March 2021

O EPIC WebGIS é uma infra-estrutura de dados espaciais que fornece cartografia georreferenciada à escala nacional. Pode ser vista como uma ferramenta que permite a integração da Paisagem nas políticas de planeamento, oferecendo acesso imediato aos vários temas disponíveis sobre ecossistemas, estrutura ecológica e aptidão ecológica a diferentes actividades humanas. A informação disponibilizada por esta plataforma abrange vários subsistemas de paisagem, designadamente, geologia / litologia, solo, água, vegetação, clima e morfologia do terreno, considerados essenciais para o planeamento e gestão dos ecossistemas e recursos naturais. Também integra vários temas relativos a um Plano Potencial da Paisagem para Portugal, considerando a aptidão ecológica para o estabelecimento de diferentes atividades humanas, tais como: conservação da natureza, agricultura e horticultura, silvicultura, e áreas urbanas. Os dados disponíveis constituem o resultado do trabalho realizado por uma equipa transdisciplinar em dois projetos: “Estrutura Ecológica Nacional – uma proposta de delimitação e regulação” (PTDC/AUR-URB/102578/2008) e o projeto “Ordenamento Potencial da Paisagem de Base Ecológica. Aplicação a Portugal” (PTDC/AUR-URB/119340/2010), ambos financiados pela Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT). Atualmente, o EPIC WebGIS está organizado em 16 temas principais e possui 111 mapas disponíveis para download. O EPIC WebGIS representa um contributo significativo para o ordenamento do território através da identificação e quantificação de temas estratégicos e na implementação de políticas de desenvolvimento, sob uma perspectiva de desenvolvimento sustentável. O EPIC WebGIS foi criado para servir de referência técnica e científica em todos os níveis de planeamento e decisões políticas com ele relacionadas. Esta plataforma é gratuita e aberta a novos dados, contribuindo para a implementação de políticas de Acesso Aberto.
Creación de un modelo semántico para modelar los fenómenos meteorológicos de los siglos XIX y XX en Latinoamérica
Authors: Comesaña Diana , Barreiro Bryan
Published: March 2021

Los fenómenos meteorológicos son eventos que se desarrollan en la atmósfera y están asociados a un lugar específico. El objetivo del proyecto “Compartiendo la historia escondida del cambio climático en América Latina a través de las TIC”, es recuperar y georreferenciar las noticias sobre eventos meteorológicos registrados en la prensa escrita de los siglos XIX y primer mitad del XX, de los países involucrados en el proyecto: Colombia, Ecuador, México y Uruguay, y desarrollar modelos semánticos, transformando la información original recopilada para incrementar la interoperabilidad conforme a los principios de Linked Data y estándares del W3C. La terminología a modelar se obtiene por un análisis del dominio basado en el paradigma de Análisis de Dominio de Birger Hjorland. Se estudia la prensa digitalizada por las Bibliotecas Nacionales de los países intervinientes y el lenguaje empleado por sus instituciones meteorológicas nacionales y por la Organización Meteorológica Mundial. El análisis muestra un lenguaje uniforme, tanto respecto a la distribución geográfica, como tem poral, con poca sinonimia y escasa polisemia. Se aplica el método METHONTOLOGY para desarrollar una ontología de Eventos_Meteorológicos en el lenguaje OWL. Posibilita recuperar información no visible de las Bibliotecas Nacionales con técnicas de recuperación de información. Sus desarrollos son aplicables a otros documentos digitalizados y otras disciplinas.
Datos enlazados de información geográfica del Ecuador
Authors: Saquicela Víctor , Baculima Fernando , Lupercio Lucia
Published: March 2021

Actualmente, la gran cantidad de información geográfica generada por diferentes instituciones exige que se propongan nuevas soluciones de gestión y publicación de estos datos. En Ecuador, la heterogeneidad de la información geográfica generada por diversos entes y publicada en la Web no es una excepción. Con el objetivo de dar solución a esta problemática, el proyecto Geo Linked Data Ecuador integra información geográfica proveniente de diversas fuentes y la publica en formato RDF bajo estándares y recomendaciones de la comunidad de la Web Semántica, creando así el repositorio de datos enlazados geográficos del Ecuador.
Análise da Evolução Temporal do Datum Vertical Brasileiro de Imbituba
Authors: Da Silva Luciana Maria , Correia de Freitas Sílvio Rogério
Published: March 2021

Actualmente, los temas más centrales de Geodesia se vinculan a la provisión de un Sistema de Referencia Global único, al que puedan vincularse de forma unívoca y con exactitud los cambios globales de carácter geométrico y físico. El Global Geodetic Reference Frame tiene como objetivo la mejor estructuración de los Sistemas de Observación de la Tierra actualmente con perspectivas de la determinación de los cambios globales al nivel de una parte por mil millones, considerando varios parámetros geométricos y físicos. En este contexto, se pretende que el International Height Reference Frame, realizado por International Height Reference System, posea consistencia global de, por lo menos, un centímetro en su realización y control espacio/temporal en el orden del milímetro por año. Considerando estos aspectos, análisis y evolución temporal del Datum Vertical Brasileño de Imbituba utilizando datos mareográficos del nivel del mar de: Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level (1948 a 1968), University of Hawaii Sea Level Center (2001 a 2007) y Red Mareográfica Permanente para Geodésia (2006 a 2016), y datos de distintas misiones altimétricas del período 1991 a 2015 obtenidos del Banco de Datos del Deutsches Geodätisches Forschungsinstitut. Así como, datos de posicionamiento continuo GNSS del período de 2007 a 2016, de la Red Brasileña de Monitoreo Continuo, los cuales fueron utilizados para modelado de los movimientos locales de la corteza. Los resultados permitirán discriminar los movimientos de la corteza en relación al nivel del mar. Para esto, se utilizó la tendencia de variación del nivel del mar evidenciado por el mareógrafo, así como la variación del componente vertical obtenido con el procesamiento GNSS y de la Sea Surface Height obtenida de los datos de los satélites altimétricos.
Admissible relative errors of the parcel aerea of a land parcel map base created as a synthesis of indiviual survey maps
Authors: Barbieri Andrea , López-Vázquez Carlos
Published: March 2021

Today the land parcel map of Uruguay is available as an updated, integrated legacy digital cadastre which planimetric accuracy is not enough to assure geometric interoperability. The creation of a brand new land parcel map is being considered with a procedure yet to be defined but in any case subject to reasonable goals in terms of geometric accuracy. In this paper we have tested a direct procedure in which each parcel is joined to its immediate neighbors until a block is formed. In Uruguay such block will grow until a road, river or similar object is found. The block is manually inserted within the road network, which has absolute coordinates.The rural survey maps (approx. 250 000) are already scanned but they need to be vectorized and edited through scaling, rotation and manual matching to its neighbors. GNSS tracks for roads and highways are available for the whole country, so we could fit the block within them in order to properly register it. The resulting geometric accuracy was evaluated in terms of the relative error in area, which has a normal distribution with a mean 0.10% and a standard deviation 3.51%, leaving 82.0% of the parcels with relative area error less than 5%. The planimetric error, crucial to assure interoperability, was 53.79 m at the 95% confidence level.
Interpretação de pessoas cegas sobre símbolos 3D em Mapa Tátil de Ambiente Indoor
Authors: Sodré de Araújo Niédja , Oliveira Fernandes Vivian de , Alixandrini Júnior Mauro José
Published: March 2021

Este artículo presenta una investigación sobre la elaboración de símbolos táctiles para mapas indoor fabricados con una impresora 3D utilizando el método de creación rápida de prototipos. El área de estudio es la  planta baja del Pabellón de Aulas Glauber Rocha de la Universidad Federal de Bahía, ubicada en la ciudad de Salvador-Brasil. A partir del método Think Aloud, se evaluó un mapa táctil con la participación de ocho personas ciegas y se verificó que el mapa era útil para comunicar información espacial del área de estudio y que la cartografía táctil puede avanzar en el desarrollo de símbolos en mapas para ayudar en la movilidad interior, es decir, la elección de rutas para moverse dentro de los edificios.
Cartografía inclusiva en la Universidad Eötvös Loránd, Hungría
Authors: Kareem Zada Ashna Abdulrahman , Rohonczi Anita , Reyes Nuñez José Jesús
Published: March 2021

Desafortunadamente, la cartografía inclusiva no cuenta con una historia y tradición tan rica en Hungría como en otros países. Comenzando nuestro artículo se presentan de manera abreviada las obras cartográficas más importantes creadas para personas ciegas y con discapacidad visual en el país. El Departamento de Cartografía y Geoinformática en los últimos años ha decidido hacer su contribución al desarrollo de esta rama tan importante de la cartografía y de la educación especial, promoviendo proyectos de investigación cuya esencia reside en buscar soluciones propias basadas en las experiencias internacionales. Dos proyectos son descriptos por los autores: el primero estimula la renovación de los principios cartográficos para hacer mapas y atlas de cartografía inclusiva en Hungría, mientras que el objetivo del segundo proyecto (aún no concluido) es experimentar esas soluciones en la región autónoma de Kurdistán en Irak, iniciando el estudio de las posibilidades de la aplicación de las técnicas y soluciones más modernas en la educación especial kurda.