bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tailoring bound states in the continuum in symmetric photonic crystal slabs by coupling strengths
Authors: Zhang Zhaojian , Yang Junbo , Du Te , Ma Hansi , Jiang Xinpeng
Published: February 2022

In this work, we investigate polarization-insensitive dual bound states in the continuum (BICs) at Γ point in symmetric photonic crystal (PhC) slabs. Especially, BICs are tailored by tuning intra- and intercellular optical coupling strengths of PhC slabs. Based on four different approaches, we realize the transition from BIC to quasi-BIC resonances with various dispersion behaviors while maintaining the symmetry of slabs. Also, we show the two resonances are lowest-order even and odd eigenmodes that can match the symmetry of the incident plane wave, and their quality (Q) factors follow the inverse quadratic law except for cases with larger perturbations. Furthermore, multipolar decomposition reveals that even quasi-BICs are dominated by the toroidal dipole and magnetic quadrupole, while odd quasi-BICs are governed by the magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole. Interestingly, an anomalous increase of the Q factor is observed in one case, which is attributed to the mode transformation. Finally, anisotropic coupling adjustment is discussed, which enriches the degrees of freedom to manipulate BICs. This work introduces a novel perspective to tailor BICs at Γ point in PhC slabs and has potential planar photonic applications for nonlinear enhancement and sensing.
Neutral particles pushed or pulled by laser pulses: erratum
Authors: Wang P. X. , Wei Q. , Cai P. , Wang J. X. , Ho Y. K.
Published: February 2022

We present an erratum to our Letter [Opt. Lett. 41, 230 (2016)10.1364/OL.41.000230]. This erratum corrects three typing errors. The corrections have no influence on the results and conclusions of the original Letter.
Individual risk perception and empirical social structures shape the dynamics of infectious disease outbreaks
Authors: d’Andrea Valeria , Gallotti Riccardo , Castaldo Nicola , De Domenico Manlio
Published: February 2022

The dynamics of a spreading disease and individual behavioral changes are entangled processes that have to be addressed together in order to effectively manage an outbreak. Here, we relate individual risk perception to the adoption of a specific set of control measures, as obtained from an extensive large-scale survey performed via Facebook—involving more than 500,000 respondents from 64 countries—showing that there is a “one-to-one” relationship between perceived epidemic risk and compliance with a set of mitigation rules. We then develop a mathematical model for the spreading of a disease—sharing epidemiological features with COVID-19—that explicitly takes into account non-compliant individual behaviors and evaluates the impact of a population fraction of infectious risk-deniers on the epidemic dynamics. Our modeling study grounds on a wide set of structures, including both synthetic and more than 180 real-world contact patterns, to evaluate, in realistic scenarios, how network features typical of human interaction patterns impact the spread of a disease. In both synthetic and real contact patterns we find that epidemic spreading is hindered for decreasing population fractions of risk-denier individuals. From empirical contact patterns we demonstrate that connectivity heterogeneity and group structure significantly affect the peak of hospitalized population: higher modularity and heterogeneity of social contacts are linked to lower peaks at a fixed fraction of risk-denier individuals while, at the same time, such features increase the relative impact on hospitalizations with respect to the case where everyone correctly perceive the risks.
Inference is bliss: Simulation for power estimation for an observational study of a cholera outbreak intervention
Authors: Ratnayake Ruwan , Checchi Francesco , Jarvis Christopher I. , Edmunds W. John , Finger Flavio
Published: February 2022

Background

The evaluation of ring vaccination and other outbreak-containment interventions during severe and rapidly-evolving epidemics presents a challenge for the choice of a feasible study design, and subsequently, for the estimation of statistical power. To support a future evaluation of a case-area targeted intervention against cholera, we have proposed a prospective observational study design to estimate the association between the strength of implementation of this intervention across several small outbreaks (occurring within geographically delineated clusters around primary and secondary cases named ‘rings’) and its effectiveness (defined as a reduction in cholera incidence). We describe here a strategy combining mathematical modelling and simulation to estimate power for a prospective observational study.

Methodology and principal findings

The strategy combines stochastic modelling of transmission and the direct and indirect effects of the intervention in a set of rings, with a simulation of the study analysis on the model results. We found that targeting 80 to 100 rings was required to achieve power ≥80%, using a basic reproduction number of 2.0 and a dispersion coefficient of 1.0–1.5.

Conclusions

This power estimation strategy is feasible to implement for observational study designs which aim to evaluate outbreak containment for other pathogens in geographically or socially defined rings.
A new theropod dinosaur from the early cretaceous (Barremian) of Cabo Espichel, Portugal: Implications for spinosaurid evolution
Authors: Mateus Octávio , Estraviz-López Darío
Published: February 2022

Spinosaurids are some of the most enigmatic Mesozoic theropod dinosaurs due to their unique adaptations to aquatic environments and their relative scarcity. Their taxonomy has proven to be especially problematic. Recent discoveries from Western Europe in general, specifically Iberia, provide some of the best specimens for the understanding of their phylogeny, leading to the description of the spinosauridVallibonavenatrix caniand the recognition of the Iberian dinosaurCamarillasaurus cirugedaeas one of them. Portuguese associated spinosaurid remains (ML1190) from the Papo Seco Formation (early Barremian) were previously assigned toBaryonyx walkeribut new material recovered in 2020 along with new phylogenetic analyses suggests a different phylogenetic placement, making their revision necessary. Here we show that these remains are not attributable toBaryonyx walkeri, but to a new genus and species,Iberospinus natarioi, gen. et sp. nov. The new taxon is characterized by the presence of a single Meckelian foramen in the Meckelian sulcus, a straight profile of the ventral surface of the dentary and a distal thickening of the acromion process of the pubis between other characters.Iberospinus natarioiis recovered as a sister taxon of the clade formed byBaryonyxandSuchomimus, and outside Spinosaurinae whenVallibonaventrix caniis excluded from the analysis. The description of this taxon reinforces Iberia as a hotspot for spinosaur biodiversity, with several endemic taxa for the region. As expected for the clade, the dentary displays a highly vascularized neurovascular network. The morphometric analysis of parts of the skeleton (pedal phalanx and caudal vertebrae, among others) shows an intermediate condition between basal tetanurans and spinosaurines.
Comparison of analytical methods for the fatty acid profile in ewes’ milk
Authors: Soares Évelyn Silva de Melo , Ferreira Ítavo Camila Celeste Brandão , Ítavo Luís Carlos Vinhas , dos Santos Geraldo Tadeu , Nazário Carlos Eduardo Domingues , Soares Israel Shekinah Souza , Cavalheiro Leandro Fontoura
Published: February 2022

Studies comparing methodologies for fatty acids are very important, since they can influence the quality and final quantification of the lipid fraction. Objective—to compare different extraction methods for total lipids and to evaluate the effect of these methodologies on the quantitative composition of fatty acids in milk of lactating ewes raised in tropical pastures. The methodologies used were simple direct transesterification, using the HPLC grade organic solvent n-hexane, Bligh; Dyer (cold extraction, extracting mixture proportions 5, 10, and 15 mL in a ratio of 2:1:1 (v/v/v) of chloroform-methanol-water). The fatty acid methyl esters were separated by gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The results show that there was no significant difference (p <0.05) in the total lipid content between the extraction methods. However, the Bligh’s method; Dyer obtained the best yield of lipids to be extracted from ewe’s milk, since the volume with 15 mL of the extraction solution was able to identify 87% of the chromatographic peaks. It was also observed that ewe’s milk has a higher percentage of palmitic, stearic and oleic fatty acids, with percentages of 20.1%, 15.5% and 33.1%, respectively. Therefore, an extraction mixture with a volume of 15 mL used in this study may be an alternative to perform the extraction of milk fat from high lactating ewes in tropical pastures as a routine method, as it expresses the best lipid content of this food.
Sport psychology and performance meta-analyses: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Lochbaum Marc , Stoner Elisabeth , Hefner Tristen , Cooper Sydney , Lane Andrew M. , Terry Peter C.
Published: February 2022

Sport psychology as an academic pursuit is nearly two centuries old. An enduring goal since inception has been to understand how psychological techniques can improve athletic performance. Although much evidence exists in the form of meta-analytic reviews related to sport psychology and performance, a systematic review of these meta-analyses is absent from the literature. We aimed to synthesize the extant literature to gain insights into the overall impact of sport psychology on athletic performance. Guided by the PRISMA statement for systematic reviews, we reviewed relevant articles identified via the EBSCOhost interface. Thirty meta-analyses published between 1983 and 2021 met the inclusion criteria, covering 16 distinct sport psychology constructs. Overall, sport psychology interventions/variables hypothesized to enhance performance (e.g., cohesion, confidence, mindfulness) were shown to have a moderate beneficial effect (d = 0.51), whereas variables hypothesized to be detrimental to performance (e.g., cognitive anxiety, depression, ego climate) had a small negative effect (d = -0.21). The quality rating of meta-analyses did not significantly moderate the magnitude of observed effects, nor did the research design (i.e., intervention vs. correlation) of the primary studies included in the meta-analyses. Our review strengthens the evidence base for sport psychology techniques and may be of great practical value to practitioners. We provide recommendations for future research in the area.
Arrested crossover precursor structures form stable homologous bonds in a Tetrahymena meiotic mutant
Authors: Tian Miao , Mochizuki Kazufumi , Loidl Josef
Published: February 2022

Meiotic DNA double-strand breaks produce reciprocally exchanged DNA strands, which mature into chiasmata that hold homologous chromosomes together as bivalents. These bivalents are subsequently separated in the first meiotic division. In a mutant lacking the newly identifiedTetrahymenageneAPRO1(Anaphase promoting 1), meiosis is arrested by the end of prophase. Mature chiasmata are not formed but bivalents are connected via a molecular precursor structure. In-depth analysis of this arrested intermediate structure may help to elucidate the noncanonical molecular recombination pathway inTetrahymena.
Exploring the impact of COVID-19 on women’s alcohol use, mental health, and experiences of intimate partner violence in Wakiso, Uganda
Authors: Miller Amanda P. , Mugamba Stephen , Bulamba Robert M. , Kyasanku Emmanuel , Nkale James , Nalugoda Fred , Nakigozi Gertrude , Kigozi Godfrey , Nalwoga Grace K. , Kagaayi Joseph , Watya Stephen , Wagman Jennifer A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Uganda confirmed its first COVID-19 case in March 2020, leading to country-wide closures and a stay-at-home order. Infectious disease pandemics can overwhelm adaptive coping capacity (e.g., general self-efficacy and resilience) and increase the risk for mental distress. For individuals experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) and cohabitating with a perpetrator, stay-at-home orders can also increase risk of violence, which can further exacerbate mental distress. The present study explores women’s perceived self-efficacy and resilient coping, mental health outcomes (depression and COVID-19 related anxiety), hazardous alcohol use and IPV in the context of Uganda’s national 2020 lockdown.

Methods

A phone-based survey was undertaken from June-August of 2020 in Wakiso District, Uganda. The study sample consisted of Africa Medical and Behavioral Sciences Organization (AMBSO) Population Health Surveillance (APHS) study participants who agreed to be contacted for future research. The analytic sample was restricted to women aged 13–80 years. Bivariate analysis and multivariable models explored associations between experiences of IPV and measures of adaptive coping, mental health and alcohol use.

Results

A total of 556 women aged 13–79 years (mean age of 33.4 years) participated. Over half (55%) were currently married. The majority (60%) reported a decrease in alcohol use during the lockdown. Nearly half of the sample were experiencing physical or verbal IPV and reported an increase in violence during the lockdown. In adjusted analysis, alcohol use was associated with four times greater odds of recent physical IPV (aOR 4.06, 95% CI = 1.65–10.02, p = 0.0024), while participants had lower odds of experiencing any form of IPV as general self-efficacy increased (aOR 0.95, 95% CI = 0.91–0.99, p = 0.0308).

Conclusion

Lockdown measures in Uganda may have mitigated increased alcohol consumption. IPV was exacerbated during lockdown; more than 2 in 5 IPV victims experienced increased physical or verbal violence. Development of programming and policies aimed at mitigating women’s risk of IPV during future lockdowns are needed.
Study protocol for fertility preservation discussions and decisions: A family-centered psychoeducational intervention for male adolescents and emerging adults newly diagnosed with cancer and their families
Authors: Stanek Charis , Theroux Charleen I. , Olsavsky Anna L. , Hill Kylie N. , Rausch Joseph R. , O’Brien Sarah H. , Quinn Gwendolyn P. , Gerhardt Cynthia A. , Nahata Leena
Published: February 2022

Many childhood cancer survivors desire biological children but are at risk for infertility after treatment. One option for mitigating risk is the use of fertility preservation prior to gonadotoxic therapy. Adolescents and emerging adults may rely on their parents to help them decide whether to use fertility preservation. While this is often a collaborative process, it is currently unknown how parents can optimally support adolescents and emerging adults through this decision. To address this gap, we developed a family-centered, psychoeducational intervention to prompt adolescents and emerging adults to reflect on their future parenthood goals and attitudes towards fertility preservation, as well as to prompt their parents (or other caregivers) to reflect on their own and their child’s perspectives on the topic. In this randomized controlled trial, families will be randomized to either the standard of care control group (fertility consult) or the intervention group. After their fertility consult, adolescents and emerging adults and parents in the intervention group will complete a fertility preservation values clarification tool and then participate in a guided conversation about their responses and the fertility preservation decision. The primary expected outcome of this study is that participation in the intervention will increase the use of fertility preservation. The secondary expected outcome is an improvement in decision quality. Chi-square analyses and t-tests will evaluate primary and secondary outcomes. The goal of this intervention is to optimize family-centered fertility preservation decision-making in the context of a new cancer diagnosis to help male adolescents and emerging adults achieve their future parenthood goals.
Influence of alcohol provocation on medical professionals in Taiwan: A qualitative study
Authors: Lee Ching-Yi , Lee Ching-Hsin , Lai Hung-Yi , Chen Mi-Mi
Published: February 2022

There is a paucity of research on the issue of alcohol provocation in the medical field. While studies have been performed concerning alcohol abuse among students, no studies have concentrated on alcohol provocation among medical professionals. Therefore, it is essential to look at the underlying factors that may influence alcohol use by medical professionals. A qualitative study using focus groups was conducted to construct themes depicting medical professionals’ experiences of alcohol provocation. Physicians (n = 32) and residents (n = 29) were recruited from a large teaching hospital in Taiwan. The volunteers included both subjects and instigators of alcohol provocation (individuals being pressured to drink and those who exert such pressure on others). A questionnaire on their alcohol use was used to quantitatively assess the prevalence of alcohol consumption and inebriation. The participants were then interviewed separately in groups. All interview data were recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically. A notable prevalence of recent alcohol consumption was observed in both the physicians (n = 18, 56%) and residents (n = 17, 59%). Three prominent themes were identified and summarized: (1) Social drinking in the Taiwanese medical profession (2) Workplace hierarchy and changes in drinking culture, and (3) Influence on the medical profession. The behaviour of alcohol provocation among these medical professionals was revealed with its underlying factors of specific cultural norms, workplace hierarchy and social expectations. An understanding of alcohol provocation helps increase the awareness of adverse consequences associated with alcohol provocation, encourage medical professionals to avoid inappropriate drinking behaviors, and reduce the risk of compromising medical professionalism.
Development of quantitative and concise measurement method of oxygen in fine bubble dispersion
Authors: Kakiuchi Kenta , Miyasaka Takehiro , Harii Norikazu , Takeoka Shinji
Published: February 2022

Fine bubbles (FBs) have attracted significant attention in several research fields. Although some reports have argued that FB dispersion is useful as an oxygen (gas) carrier, only a few reports have examined its properties as an oxygen carrier using experimental data. As one of the reasons for this, there are no standard methods for measuring the oxygen content in FB dispersions. Conventional oxygen measurement methods have certain drawbacks in accuracy or speed; thus, it is difficult to use oxygen content as the primary outcome. In this study, we introduce a Clark-type polarographic oxygen electrode device (OXYG1-PLUS) for oxygen measurement, allowing the dilution of FB dispersion without the influence of ambient air and the adhesion of FBs on the electrode surface due to its special shape. First, the accuracy of our dilution method was evaluated using pure water as a sample, and it was confirmed that our method could measure with an accuracy of ±0.5 mg/L from the results with conventional dissolved oxygen meters. Second, the oxygen content in FB dispersion was evaluated with our method and a chemical titration method (Winkler’s method), and it was found that our method could measure the oxygen content in FB dispersions quantitively. This method satisfies the easiness (4 steps) and quickness (within 8 min) for a wide range of oxygen contents (0 to 332 mg/L, theoretical range) with low coefficient variation (< 4.7%) and requires a small sample volume (50–500 μL); thus, it is a useful method for measuring the oxygen in FB dispersions.
La enseñanza de la lengua inglesa para la escala ejecutiva en la escuela nacional de policía
Authors: Torregrosa Benavent Gabriela
Published: February 2022

Un mundo globalizado donde la delincuencia, cada vez más organizada, no se detiene ante fronteras, requiere unas fuerzas policiales que sepan responder a las crecientes amenazas internacionales con eficacia y cooperando entre sí. Los movimientos poblacionales que vienen de la mano del turismo y de la inmigración exigen unas fuerzas policiales que sepan comunicarse con ciudadanos no nacionales del país, con los que cada vez tendrán mayor contacto. La pertenencia de España a relevantes organismos supranacionales relacionados con la seguridad demanda que el acceso de nuestros representantes a las reuniones y conferencias internacionales y a los órganos de toma de decisiones sea plenamente eficaz. Para todo ello se requiere el dominio de lenguas extranjeras, señaladamente el inglés como lingua franca internacional. Por esa razón, las fuerzas y cuerpos de seguridad necesitan manejarse en lengua inglesa para sus fines específicos. La Escala Ejecutiva de la Policía Nacional española recibe formación en lengua inglesa como parte de su currículo en la Escuela de Policía de Ávila. Con la meta de la internacionalización marcada por el Ministerio del Interior con importancia creciente cada año, su formación en esa lengua debe ser certera y con objetivos profesionales definidos y realizables. Con este fin, el presente trabajo de investigación realiza un recorrido por diferentes programas docentes de inglés de las policías del mundo, selecciona metodologías, técnicas y enfoques teórico-prácticos de la bibliografía especializada más reciente, y tras analizar las necesidades de los inspectores alumnos y la programación actual de las asignaturas de lengua extranjera de la Escuela de Ávila, realiza una propuesta didáctica propia, susceptible de inmediata aplicación en el aula.
Evolutionary medicine perspectives: H. pylori, lactose intolerance, and three hypotheses for functional and inflammatory gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary disorders
Authors: Leontiadis Grigorios I. , Longstreth George F.
Published: February 2022

Many clinicians have suboptimal knowledge of evolutionary medicine. This discipline integrates social and basic sciences, epidemiology and clinical medicine, providing explanations, especially ultimate causes, for many conditions. Principles include genetic variation from population bottleneck and founder effects, evolutionary trade-offs and coevolution. For example, host-microbe coevolution contributes to the inflammatory and carcinogenic variability of Helicobacter pylori. Antibiotic-resistant strains are evolving, but future therapy could target pro-mutagenic proteins. Ancient humans practicing dairying achieved survival and reproduction advantages of post-weaning lactase persistence and passed this trait to modern descendants, delegitimizing lactose intolerance as “disease” in the majority of people with lactase non-persistence. Three evolutionary hypotheses are each relevant to multiple diseases: 1) The polyvagal hypothesis posits that prehistoric adaptation of autonomic nervous system reactions to stress is beneficial acutely but, when continued chronically, predisposes individuals to painful functional gastrointestinal disorders, in whom it may be a biomarker. 2) The thrifty gene hypothesis proposes genetic adaptation to feast-famine cycles among Pleistocene migrants to America that is mismatched with Indigenous Americans’ current diet and physical activity, predisposing them to obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, gallstones and their complications. 3) The hygiene hypothesis proposes alteration of the gut microbiome, with which humans have coevolved, in allergic and autoimmune disease pathogenesis; for example, association of microbiome-altering proton pump inhibitor use with pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis, early life gastrointestinal infection with celiac disease, and infant antibiotic use and an economically advanced environment with inflammatory bowel disease. Evolutionary perspectives broaden physicians’ understanding of disease processes, improve care, and stimulate research.
Urgency and Its Association With Quality of Life and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Sninsky Jared A. , Barnes Edward L. , Zhang Xian , Long Millie D.
Published: February 2022

INTRODUCTION:

Urgency, the immediate need to defecate, is common in active ulcerative colitis (UC). We investigated the association of urgency in patients with UC with (i) quality of life (QoL) domains and (ii) future hospitalizations, corticosteroid use, and colectomy for UC.

METHODS:

We conducted a cross-sectional and subsequent longitudinal study within Inflammatory Bowel Disease Partners, a patient-powered research network. We described associations of levels of urgency in patients with UC with Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System QoL domains. We conducted a longitudinal cohort to determine associations between baseline urgency and subsequent hospitalization, corticosteroid use, or colectomy for UC within 12 months. We used bivariate statistics and logistic regression models to describe independent associations.

RESULTS:

A total of 632 patients with UC were included in the cross-sectional study. After adjusting for clinical variables, rectal bleeding, and stool frequency, urgency defined as “hurry,” “immediately,” and “incontinence” increased the odds of social impairment (odds ratio [OR] 2.05 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24–3.4, OR 2.76 95% CI 1.1–6.74, and OR 7.7 95% CI 1.66–38.3, respectively) compared with “no hurry.” Urgency also significantly increased the odds of depression, anxiety, and fatigue. Urgency was associated with a significant increase in risk of hospitalizations and corticosteroids, whereas “hurry,” “immediately,” and “incontinence” increased the odds of colectomy within 12 months by 1.42 (1.15–1.75), 1.90 (1.45–2.50), and 3.69 (2.35–5.80).

DISCUSSION:

We demonstrated that urgency is a patient-reported outcome independently associated with compromised QoL and future risk of hospitalizations, corticosteroids, and colectomy. Our findings support the consideration of urgency as a UC-specific patient-reported outcome and its use as an outcome in clinical trials to capture QoL and risk of clinical decompensation.
Characterisation of Nano-Calcium Lactate from Chicken Eggshells Synthesized by Precipitation Method as Food Supplement
Authors: Prayitno Agus Hadi , Siswoyo T A , Erwanto Y , Lindrianti T , Hartatik Sri , Aji Joni Murti Mulyo , Suryanto Edi , Rusman Rusman
Published: February 2022

Osteoporosis can be prevented by consuming calcium lactate. Calcium that is consumed is generally in a micro-size. Micro-sized calcium is only absorbed by the body by about 50% which can cause deficiency. Eggshells are poultry waste that is rich in calcium and can be used as a cheap source of dietary calcium through nanotechnology. Nanotechnology has been developed to increase calcium absorption. This study aimed to synthesize nano-calcium lactate from chicken eggshells,and commercial calcium oxide by precipitation method. Synthesis was carried out by reacting a solution of 1 mol/L eggshell calcium oxide and commercial calcium oxide (control) as much as 20 ml mixed with a solution of 6 mol/L lactic acids as much as 30 ml with a ratio of 1:1.5 (v/v) for 30 minutes at 50°C at a speed of 500 rpm/minute using a magnetic stirrer. Ethanol 50% was added as much as 20 ml (v/v), oven-dried at 105°C for 72 hours then crushed to produce eggshell nano-calcium lactate (NCaL) powder. Characterisation of NCaL using Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Result showed that NCaL in the form of white crystals could be synthesized from chicken eggshells by precipitation method. Characterization with XRD showed that the diffraction angle was 2θ with the peaks of NCaL, namely 9.3800°, 10.3869°, and 22.9570°. Characterization with FTIR obtained a peak in the wavenumber from NCaL, namely 1,589.34 cm-1. Characterization using TEM showed that the crystal size of NCaL was 75 nm.
Effect of Body Condition Score on Reproductive Performance and Chest Girth of Bali cows in Different Rearing Systems
Authors: Sari Dinda Ayu Permata , Said S , Nahrowi Nahrowi , Priyanto R , Muladno Muladno
Published: February 2022

Nutrition and rearing systems are some of the main factors affecting productivity of cows. Body condition score (BCS) is a method used to assess nutritional status and evaluate rearing systems of each animal. This study was done to analyze effect of BCS on reproductive performance and chest girth of Bali cow in different rearing systems. This study was conducted at the Field Station of Sekolah Peternakan Rakyat Kuamang Abadi, Bungo Regency, Jambi, Indonesia. A total of 62 heads of Bali cow with BCS of 2, 3, and 4 (scale 1-5) reared on intensive, semi-intensive and extensive systems were used in this study. This study was conducted using survey and direct observation. Variables observed were as follows: BCS, calving interval (CI), days open (DO), service per conception (S/C) and chest girth (CG). Data were analyzed using simple correlation and regression analysis in SPPS, followed by descriptive analysis. Result showed that the BCS of Bali cow in different rearing systems did not affect CI, DO, S/C and CG. BCS had a weak correlation coefficient (r), with the reproductive performance of CI, DO, and S/C at 0.09, 0.09, and 0.08, respectively. In addition, the relationship between BCS and CG was highly significant, with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.532. Therefore, BCS had a positive relationship with CI, DO, S/C, and CG. Moreover, BCS cannot be used as the only indicator to assess the reproductive performance of Bali cow in different rearing systems.
Islam Progresif Farish A. Noor
Authors: Mubarok Fahmi
Published: February 2022

This study focuses on the Farish A. Noor's thought on Progressive Islam set out in his book entitled Islam Progresif: Peluang, Tantangan, dan Masa Depannya di Asia Tenggara. Besides trying to introduce a new understanding of Progressive Islam from outside Indonesian figures such as Farish A. Noor, it also aims to gives critical review on Progressive Islam. It is showed that Farish A. Noor is a pioneer of Progressive Islam in archipelago who emphasizes a positive radicalism attitude towards reality by reviving the dynamics of the social evolution of society, not being blind and sticking to old ideas, especially old ideas that are no longer compatible with the current era, opening the door for ijtihad to think about complicated issues with open minded to new ideas and nature, and also not doubting or suspicious of Western technology and ideas.
[Penelitian ini memfokuskan pada pemikiran Islam progresif Farish A. Noor dalam bukunya Islam Progresif: Peluang, Tantangan, dan Masa Depannya di Asia Tenggara. Selain berupaya untuk mengenalkan pemahaman baru tentang Islam progresif dari tokoh luar Indonesia seperti Farish A. Noor, kajian ini juga bertujuan untuk memberikan tinjauan kritis atas aliran Islam progresif. Kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa Farish A. Noor merupakan pionir dari Islam progresif di nusantara yang menekankan sikap radikalisme positif terhadap realitas dengan menghidupkan dinamika evolusi sosial masyarakat, tidak taklid buta maupun berpegang pada ide-ide lama terlebih pada ide-ide lama yang sudah tidak lagi kompetibel dengan masa saat ini, terbukanya pintu ijtihad untuk memikirkan isu-isu rumit dengan pemikiran yang terbuka terhadap ide dan hakikat yang baru, dan juga tidak ragu atau curiga dengan teknologi dan ide-ide Barat.]
Metode Kritik Sejarah dan Double Movement sebagai Alternatif Pembelajaran Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam
Authors: Fahmi Muhammad Nabil
Published: February 2022

This study aims to analyze historical criticism and double movement methods as alternative paradigms and methods that can be used in learning of Islamic Civilizations History (Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam). This method is intended to maximize the learning objectives of SKI, likewise, it can be relevant and contextual to the needs and developments of the times. Through literature review and content analysis methods, this study concludes that using historical criticism and double movement methods can be an alternative for implementing SKI learning. The history of the past is seen as dynamic and progressive-transformative. So that SKI learning does not stop at historical facts or is trapped in the romanticism of the past. Learning methods that can be used and developed include creative and meaningful learning, critical reasoning in understanding history, and integrative-interconnective SKI learning.
[Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penggunaan metode kritik sejarah dan double movement sebagai alternatif paradigma dan metode yang dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam (SKI). Penggunaan metode tersebut ditujukan sebagai upaya untuk memaksimalkan tujuan pembelajaran SKI, agar tetap relevan dan kontekstual dengan kebutuhan dan perkembangan zaman. Melalui kajian pustaka dan metode analisis isi, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penggunaan metode kritik sejarah dan double movement dapat menjadi alternatif penyelenggaraan pembelajaran SKI. Sejarah masa lalu dipandang sebagai sesuatu yang dinamis serta progresif-transformatif, sehingga pembelajaran SKI tidak berhenti pada fakta sejarah saja maupun terjebak pada romantisme masa lalu. Metode pembelajaran yang dapat digunakan dan dikembangkan antara lain: pembelajaran yang kreatif dan bermakna; pengembangan nalar kritis dalam memahami sejarah; serta pembelajaran SKI yang integratif-interkonektif.]
Eksistensi Pesantren Salaf di Tengah Arus Modernisasi
Authors: Hidayati Zuhriyyah , Humam Muhammad Fuat
Published: February 2022

Pesantren Salaf is one of the traditional institutions that was born from the culture of Nusantara. Their educational systems do not experience significant changes from the ancient times to this modern era. They even maintained the Salafiyah system that tends to be conservative. Therefore, this study aims to find out the factors that make Pesantren Salaf persist with their traditional systems in the midst of this modern era, and to understand what efforts they need to struggle with to face the challenges. This is a qualitative research using a case study approach. Based on the data analysis results, conclusions are obtained regarding the survival of the Pesantren Salaf, which is caused by several factors: 1) the roles that are in accordance with the socio-cultural conditions of the community. 2) The existence of kiai figures who are devout, pious, and have deep religious knowledge so that they have their own charisma sustained. 3) The ability to generate quality alumni in mastering the yellow book (kitab kuning) that recognized as true, due to the curriculum used. In addition to the survival factors of Pesantren Salaf, this research also studies about the efforts of Pesantren Salaf in facing modernization.
[Pesantren salaf merupakan salah satu lembaga tradisional yang lahir dari budaya Nusantara. Sistem pendidikan yang diselenggarakan tidak mengalami perubahan secara signifikan dari zaman dahulu hingga di era modern ini, bahkan tetap mempertahankan sistem salafiyah yang cenderung konservatif. Maka dari itu dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor yang menjadikan pesantren salaf tetap bertahan dengan sistem tradisionalnya di tengah era modern ini, dan juga untuk mengetahui bagaimana upaya yang dilakukan untuk menghadapi tantangan di era modern ini. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data diperoleh kesimpulan terkait kebertahanan pesantren salaf, yaitu di sebabkan beberapa faktor: 1) Memiliki peran yang sesuai dengan keadaan sosio-kultiral masyarakat. 2) Keberadaan sosok kiai yang ‘alim dan memiliki pengetahun agama yang mendalam, serta memiliki kepribadian yang saleh sehingga menjadikan lestarinya karisma kiai. 3) Menghasilkan alumni yang berkualitas dalam penguasaan kitab kuning yang diakui kebenarannya, hal ini disebabkan kurikulum yang digunakan. Selain faktor kebertahanan pesantren salaf, juga terdapat upaya pesantren salaf dalam menghadapi modernisasi.]
Malaria and armed conflict: the situation of the rural areas on pacific coast of Nariño- Colombia 2003 - 2017
Authors: Galindo-Buitrago José Israel , Hernández Rodríguez Rhonald Andrés , Jiménez Barbosa Ingrid Astrid , Jiménez Barbosa Wilson Giovanni
Published: February 2022

Background:to analyze the epidemiological behavior of malaria, in relation to armed con-flicts presented on the Pacific coast of Nariño (PCN).Methodology: there was a multi-group ecological study with secondary information sour-ce, the frequency of malaria in the (PCN) population, and the relationship with armed con-flicts in the region, resulting from the country’s internal conflict, from 2003 to 2017, was analyzed.Results: Armed conflict affects the structure of healthcare services for both, the general population and malaria sufferers. The most common affections were to the infrastructure, reduction in the number of healthcare personnel, conservation of vaccines and medicines, access to health care, the inability to do preventive activities and the poor presence of the government in the PCN area. Moreover, the displacement of the population to areas where the vector abounds increases the probability to get sick.Conclusions: This study found an inversely proportional relationship between the fre-quency of malaria cases and armed conflict. This situation could show that maybe the “con-flict” controls malaria. However, it is important to clarify that it could be only masking the reality of the PCN, because the situation that this region was facing stopped the population from accessing the malaria prevention programs and health services, making it difficult to diagnose, treat, and notify the public health surveillance systems. These aspects could con-tribute to a case reduction during the armed conflict period.
Calidad de vida en el adulto mayor con diabetes mellitus tipo II
Authors: Martínez-Royert Judith Cristina , Loaiza Guzmán José Luis , Ramos Arista Sergio Antonio , Maury Mena Sara Concepcion , Pájaro-Martínez María Cristina , Plaza Gómez Kelin Ester
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: Conocer la calidad de vida de una familia de dos adultos mayores que padecen diabetes mellitus tipo II. Material y método: Se realizó un estudio de caso con diseño cualitativo, se aplicó entrevis ta a profundidad utilizando como referencia los ejes, categorías y subcategorías del Modelo de Valoración Familiar de Calgary y un diario de campo. Los datos se analizaron a través de la técnica de análisis de contenido; se aplicó la estrategia de “triangulación de investigador”. Resultados: Las principales categorías que emergieron fueron: la importancia del rol de los padres en la crianza de sus hijos, la educación como base de la superación personal, limita ciones de la edad y secuelas de una vida con diabetes, amor costumbre y dependencia y red de apoyo pilar fundamental para el desarrollo de los adultos mayores. Conclusiones: Las intervenciones del profesional de enfermería están orientadas a favore cer el autocuidado y enseñar a vivir con las nuevas características dadas por las secuelas de su edad y de las complicaciones de las patologías que los aquejan. En caso necesario, se debe fortalecer la red social, buscando recursos familiares y extrafamiliares que participen en la resolución de las crisis que se presenten. Las relaciones con amigos, vecinos y compañeros se consideran también importantes para ofrecer otros tipos de ayuda, estas se establecen a través de intereses comunes y actividades compartidas y son esenciales fuera del contexto del hogar.
Estado nutricional y condiciones sanitarias asociados a parasitosis intestinal en infantes de una fundación de Cartagena de Indias
Authors: Torres Madrid Carlos , Duarte Amador Diana , Flórez Vargas Sergio , Espitia Reyes María , Espinosa Fernández Geraldine
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: Medir la prevalencia de parasitosis intestinal y establecer posibles asociaciones con el estado nutricional y condiciones sanitarias de los infantes de la fundación Remanso de Amor. Materiales y métodos: A 34 infantes, 2 a 6 años de edad, se les realizó examen coprológico por concentración y técnica de Ziehl- Neelsen modificada. Se determinó el estado nutricional a partir de indicadores de dimensión corporal: Peso/Edad, Peso/Talla, Talla/Edad. Los grupos se compararon usando la prueba de hipótesis de independencia ji al cuadrado y el Odds ratio (OR) con intervalos de confianza al 95 %. Resultados: La prevalencia de parasitosis intestinal fue de 38,2 % (IC95 % = 21,0 – 55,4), siendo Giardia lamblia el parasito más prevalente. El estado nutricional y las condiciones de la vivienda no se asociaron con la parasitosis (p > 0,05). Que el cuidador no se lave las manos antes de cocinar (OR = 1,650) o después de ir al baño (OR = 2,750), que el infante no se lave las manos después de defecar (OR = 2,750) o antes de consumir cualquier alimento (OR = 1,650), el consumo por parte del infante de carne cruda o a medio cocinar (OR = 3,333) y jugar en el suelo o tierra (OR = 1,764), resultaron ser factores de riesgo significativos para la parasitosis. Conclusiones: El estado nutricional y las condiciones de la vivienda no se asociaron a la parasitosis, aunque algunas prácticas cotidianas del cuidador y el infante mostraron ser un factor de riesgo significativo para la parasitosis.
Abordaje integral del adulto mayor ante diferentes formas de abuso:un acercamiento desde la medicina familiar en Colombia.
Authors: Rojas Rodríguez Juliana , Barrios Martínez María Camila , Hernández Rincón Erwin Hernando
Published: February 2022

El envejecimiento poblacional es un tema de gran importancia por su crecimiento rápido y progresivo en los últimos años. Así mismo, con aumento de la edad, crece el grado de dependencia funcional, por consiguiente, mayor probabilidad de maltrato en el adulto mayor; convirtiéndose en un problema social y de salud pública a nivel mundial. El objetivo de este artículo es dar a conocer la importancia del abuso en el adulto mayor, sospecha y reconocimiento oportuno del mismo para realizar un abordaje integral desde la atención primaria. Se realizó una revisión que incluyó revisiones sistemáticas, revisiones de la literatura, reportes de caso, y otros elementos como noticias locales en Colombia. No existe consenso alguno de su definición, sin embargo, la más aceptada es la propuesta por la Organización Mundial de La Salud y la Organización de Los Estados Americanos. Se han identificado factores de riesgo individuales, relacionales, socioculturales y comunitarios asociados a la perpetuación de este. Su clasificación está basada en dos grandes grupos: maltrato directo e indirecto. Existen diferentes herramientas de tamización de maltrato en el adulto mayor, dentro de éstas, la más utilizada es el Elder Abuse Suspicion Index (EASI), y estrategias que ayudan al médico de atención primaria al reconocimiento temprano y abordaje holístico del paciente. Tanto en Colombia como a nivel mundial, el Médico Familiar está en la capacidad de establecer empatía con el anciano y su entorno; además, puede detectar y prevenir casos de cualquier tipo de abuso, aprovechando y utilizando los recursos disponibles.
Ökosystemleistungen in der räumlichen Planung
Authors: Albert Christian , Hansen Rieke , Warner Barbara
Published: February 2022

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Silicone-induced granuloma of breast implant capsule mistaken for breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma
Authors: Kim Yun-Seob , Roh Si-Gyun , Lee Nae-Ho , Shin Jin-Yong
Published: February 2022

For patients with breast implants who present with an isolated seroma, capsular contracture, or peri-implant mass, clinicians must rule out breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL). As non-malignant silicone-induced granuloma of breast implant capsule (SIGBIC) may mimic BIA-ALCL, particular care must be exercised to prevent misdiagnosis. In this report, we describe three cases of SIGBIC misdiagnosed as BIA-ALCL. In each of these cases, a preoperative evaluation including breast magnetic resonance imaging and physical examination, as well as the fact that a textured silicone implant was used in the patients, indicated a high probability of malignancy. In all three cases, however, an explorative operation and pathologic results revealed foreign body granulomas without malignant features. While it is critical that potential cases of BIA-ALCL be diagnosed and treated quickly, hasty judgments may lead to misdiagnosis and severe emotional distress in patients. Increased awareness of SIGBIC, specifically its mimicry of BIA-ALCL, may be helpful to avoid these outcomes.
A central limit theorem for integrals of random waves
Authors: de Courcy-Ireland Matthew , Lemm Marius
Published: February 2022

We derive a central limit theorem for the mean-square of random waves in the high-frequency limit over shrinking sets. Our proof applies to any compact Riemannian manifold of dimension 3 or higher, thanks to the universality of the local Weyl law. The key technical step is an estimate capturing some cancellation in a triple integral of Bessel functions, which we achieve using Gegenbauer’s addition formula.
A mixed elliptic-parabolic boundary value problem coupling a harmonic-like map with a nonlinear spinor
Authors: Jost Jürgen , Liu Lei , Zhu Miaomiao
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we solve a new elliptic-parabolic system arising in geometric analysis that is motivated by the nonlinear supersymmetric sigma model of quantum field theory. The corresponding action functional involves two fields, a map from a Riemann surface into a Riemannian manifold and a spinor coupled to the map. The first field has to satisfy a second-order elliptic system, which we turn into a parabolic system so as to apply heat flow techniques. The spinor, however, satisfies a first-order Dirac-type equation. We carry that equation as a nonlinear constraint along the flow.

With this novel scheme, in more technical terms, we can show the existence of Dirac-harmonic maps from a compact spin Riemann surface with smooth boundary to a general compact Riemannian manifold via a heat flow method when a Dirichlet boundary condition is imposed on the map and a chiral boundary condition on the spinor.
Introduction to the special section “Communication and meaning-making”
Authors: Lu Deping
Published: February 2022

In the post-modern era, the knotty issue of “meaning” is more often examined from the perspective of practice, differing from the previous conceptual analysis. Meaning potential and meaning-making are preferred to meaning itself as terms in philosophy and linguistics. This special section aims to investigate the meaning of the change in “meaning” through an understanding and interpretation of “meaning-making” from the perspective of Peirce’s semiotic philosophy, linguistic communication, Chinese lexical structuring, and technological exchange. The four articles in this special section examine a number of meaning topics, such as constructs of meaning transference in a coherent framework, semiotic tracking of meaning, contextual mapping of lexical meanings, and digital pragmatic communication, to gain a more comprehensive view of the nature of meaning-making.