bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Die Rolle von adaptiver und maladaptiver Emotionsregulation bei Pflegekindern mit Misshandlungserfahrung
Authors: Job Ann-Katrin , Lohaus Arnold , Konrad Kerstin , Scharke Wolfgang , Reindl Vanessa , Heinrichs Nina
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Es wird angenommen, dass der familiäre Kontext einen erheblichen Einfluss auf die Entwicklung der kindlichen Emotionsregulation hat. Bei Pflegekindern wird durch die Fremdplatzierung entscheidend Einfluss auf den familiären Kontext genommen. Pflegekinder mit Misshandlungs- oder Vernachlässigungserfahrungen haben außerdem ein erhöhtes Risiko emotionale und Verhaltensauffälligkeiten zu entwickeln. In dieser Studie wird der Einfluss ausgewählter Variablen des familiären Kontextes auf die Emotionsregulation junger Kinder in zwei Stichproben untersucht. Fragestellung: Wie hängt das elterliche Erziehungsverhalten mit der kindlichen Emotionsregulation und beides wiederum mit kindlichen emotionalen und Verhaltensauffälligkeiten zusammen? Methode: Die primären Bezugspersonen von 99 Kindern, die in ihrer Herkunftsfamilie aufwachsen, und 51 Pflegekindern, die in den letzten 24 Monaten in einer Pflegefamilie untergebracht wurden, berichteten über das eigene Erziehungsverhalten, die kindliche Emotionsregulation sowie psychische Auffälligkeiten ihres (Pflege–)Kindes im Alter von 2;0 bis 7;11 Jahren. Ergebnisse: Während das Erziehungsverhalten bei den Herkunftsfamilien signifikant die Nutzung adaptiver (nicht aber maladaptiver) Emotionsregulationsstrategien vorhersagte, ergaben sich bei den Pflegefamilien diesbezüglich keine signifikanten Zusammenhänge. Der signifikante Einfluss maladaptiver Emotionsregulationsstrategien auf psychische Auffälligkeiten fand sich in beiden Stichproben. Schlussfolgerungen: Dass der Einfluss des familiären Kontexts auf die Emotionsregulation in den Herkunftsfamilien größer ist als in den Pflegefamilien, könnte auf mögliche konfundierende genetische Effekte oder darauf zurückzuführen sein, dass die Einflussmöglichkeiten der Herkunftsfamilien-Eltern bereits über längere Zeiträume bestanden. Insbesondere bezogen auf die Pflegefamilien bieten die Ergebnisse verschiedene Ansatzpunkte für Interventionen.
Kindesmissbrauch und Reviktimisierung
Authors: Langer Lioba , Catani Claudia
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Studien zum Reviktimisierungsphänomen haben bisher hauptsächlich den Effekt von sexuellen Gewalterfahrungen in der Kindheit auf sexuelle Reviktimisierung überprüft. Dabei zeigte sich, dass sexuelle Gewalterfahrungen in der Kindheit die Wahrscheinlichkeit für das Erleben sexueller Gewalterfahrungen im Erwachsenenalter erhöhen. Ein zusätzlich vorliegender physischer Kindesmissbrauch verstärkt dieses Risiko nochmals. Forschungsbedarf besteht allerdings hinsichtlich physischer Reviktimisierung sowie bezüglich der Frage nach dem spezifischen Einfluss sexueller, körperlicher und emotionaler Missbrauchserfahrungen in der Kindheit. Fragestellung: Ziel dieser empirischen Studie ist es zu untersuchen, inwiefern die verschiedenen Typen von Gewalterfahrungen in der Kindheit mit den verschiedenen Formen von Gewalterfahrungen im Erwachsenenalter zusammenhängen. Methode: Bei 142 Frauen im Alter von 19 – 66 Jahren wurden in einer Onlineerhebung sexuelle, physische und emotionale Gewalterfahrungen, getrennt für Kindheit und Erwachsenenalter, sowie aktuelle Symptome einer Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTBS) und einer Depression erfasst. Ergebnisse: Lineare Regressionen zeigten, dass sexuelle und physische Gewalterfahrungen in der Kindheit sexuelle Gewalterfahrungen im Erwachsenenalter vorhersagten (stand.Beta-Koeffizienten .49*** und .20*). Physische und emotionale Gewalterfahrungen in der Kindheit zeigten sich hingegen als spezifische Prädiktoren für physische Gewalterfahrungen im Erwachsenenalter (stand.Beta-Koeffizienten .67*** und .20**). Schlussfolgerung: Der Befund, dass unterschiedliche Typen von Missbrauchserleben in der Kindheit mit jeweils verschiedenen Arten der Viktimisierung im Erwachsenenalter zusammenhängen, hat wesentliche Implikationen für die Praxis, insbesondere für die Entwicklung effektiverer Ansätze zur Prävention von wiederholtem Gewalterleben.
Meteorologists Track Wildfires Using Satellite Smoke Images
Authors: Huff Amy , Kondragunta Shobha
Published: April 2017

Enhancements to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's decision support system give forecasters new capabilities for tracking smoke from fires using satellite data.
Racetrack memory based on in-plane-field controlled domain-wall pinning
Authors: Ummelen Fanny , Swagten Henk , Koopmans Bert
Published: April 2017

Magnetic domain wall motion could be the key to the next generation of data storage devices, shift registers without mechanically moving parts. Various concepts of such so-called ‘racetrack memories’ have been developed, but they are usually plagued by the need for high current densities or complex geometrical requirements. We introduce a new device concept, based on the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI), of which the importance in magnetic thin films was recently discovered. In this device the domain walls are moved solely by magnetic fields. Unidirectionality is created utilizing the recent observation that the strength with which a domain wall is pinned at an anisotropy barrier depends on the direction of the in-plane field due to the chiral nature of DMI. We demonstrate proof-of-principle experiments to verify that unidirectional domain-wall motion is achieved and investigate several material stacks for this novel device including a detailed analysis of device performance for consecutive pinning and depinning processes.
Elevated levels of Wnt signaling disrupt thymus morphogenesis and function
Authors: Swann Jeremy B. , Happe Christiane , Boehm Thomas
Published: April 2017

All vertebrates possess a thymus, whose epithelial microenvironment is essential for T cell development and maturation. Despite the importance of the thymus for cellular immune defense, many questions surrounding its morphogenesis remain unanswered. Here, we demonstrate that, in contrast to the situation in many other epithelial cell types, differentiation of thymic epithelial cells (TECs) proceeds normally in the absence of canonical Wnt signaling and the classical adhesion molecule E-cadherin. By contrast, TEC-intrinsic activation of β-catenin-dependent Wnt signaling blocks the morphogenesis of the thymus, and overexpression of a secreted Wnt ligand by TECs dominantly modifies the morphogenesis not only of the thymus, but also of the parathyroid and thyroid. These observations indicate that Wnt signaling activity in the thymus needs to be precisely controlled to support normal TEC differentiation, and suggest possible mechanisms underlying anatomical variations of the thymus, parathyroid and thyroid in humans.
A Sputtered Silicon Oxide Electrolyte for High-Performance Thin-Film Transistors
Authors: Ma Xiaochen , Zhang Jiawei , Cai Wensi , Wang Hanbin , Wilson Joshua , Wang Qingpu , Xin Qian , Song Aimin
Published: April 2017

Low operating voltages have been long desired for thin-film transistors (TFTs). However, it is still challenging to realise 1-V operation by using conventional dielectrics due to their low gate capacitances and low breakdown voltages. Recently, electric double layers (EDLs) have been regarded as a promising candidate for low-power electronics due to their high capacitance. In this work, we present the first sputtered SiO2 solid-state electrolyte. In order to demonstrate EDL behaviour, a sputtered 200 nm-thick SiO2 electrolyte was incorporated into InGaZnO TFTs as the gate dielectric. The devices exhibited an operating voltage of 1 V, a threshold voltage of 0.06 V, a subthreshold swing of 83 mV dec−1 and an on/off ratio higher than 105. The specific capacitance was 0.45 µF cm−2 at 20 Hz, which is around 26 times higher than the value obtained from thermally oxidised SiO2 films with the same thickness. Analysis of the microstructure and mass density of the sputtered SiO2 films under different deposition conditions indicates that such high capacitance might be attributed to mobile protons donated by atmospheric water. The InGaZnO TFTs with the optimised SiO2 electrolyte also showed good air stability. This work provides a new pathway to the realisation of high-yield low-power electronics.
First Direct Evidence of Pan-African Orogeny Associated with Gondwana Assembly in the Cathaysia Block of Southern China
Authors: Li Longming , Lin Shoufa , Xing Guangfu , Jiang Yang , He Jian
Published: April 2017

Metamorphic zircon from a hornblendite in the South China Block (SCB) yield U-Pb age of 533 ± 7 Ma and Hf model ages from 900 to 1200 Ma. Geochemical and isotopic characteristics indicate that primary magma of the hornblendites was probably derived from an enriched asthenospheric mantle source. This Late Neoproterozoic–Cambrian (Pan-African) metamorphic event provides the first direct evidence that the SCB was an integral part of the Gondwana assembly. Combined with available geological data which show that the SCB has great affinity with India or Australia, the Pan-African metamorphic event most likely belongs to the eastern Kuunga orogeny. We propose that the SCB was located at the nexus between India, Antarctica and Australia along the northern margin of East Gondwana, with the Cathaysia Block connecting western Australia whereas the Yangtze Block facing northern India at ca. 533 Ma.
An in-line Mach-Zehnder Interferometer Using Thin-core Fiber for Ammonia Gas Sensing With High Sensitivity
Authors: Huang Xinyue , Li Xueming , Yang Jianchun , Tao Chuanyi , Guo Xiaogang , Bao Hebin , Yin Yanjun , Chen Huifei , Zhu Yuhua
Published: April 2017

Ammonia is an important indicator among environmental monitoring parameters. In this work, thin-core fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer deposited with poly (acrylic acid) (PAA), poly (allyamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs-COOH) sensing film for the detection of ammonia gas has been presented. The thin-core fiber modal interferometer was made by fusion splicing a small section of thin-core fiber (TCF) between two standard single mode fibers (SMF). A beam propagation method (BPM) is employed for the design of proposed interferometer and numerical simulation. Based on the simulation results, interferometer with a length of 2 cm of thin-core fiber is fabricated and experimentally studied. (PAH/PAA)2 + [PAH/(PAA + SWCNTs-COOH)]8 film is deposited on the outer surface of thin-core fiber via layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly technique. The gas sensor coated with (PAH/PAA)2 + [PAH/(PAA + SWCNTs-COOH)]8 film towards NH3 gas exposure at concentrations range from 1 to 960 ppm are analyzed and the sensing capability is demonstrated by optical spectrum analyzer (OSA). Experimental results show that the characteristic wavelength shift has an approximately linear relationship in the range 1–20 ppm, which is in accordance with the numerical simulation. Thus, this paper reveals the potential application of this sensor in monitoring low concentration NH3 gas.
Emergent Momentum-Space Skyrmion Texture on the Surface of Topological Insulators
Authors: Mohanta Narayan , Kampf Arno P. , Kopp Thilo
Published: April 2017

The quantum anomalous Hall effect has been theoretically predicted and experimentally verified in magnetic topological insulators. In addition, the surface states of these materials exhibit a hedgehoglike “spin” texture in momentum space. Here, we apply the previously formulated low-energy model for Bi2Se3, a parent compound for magnetic topological insulators, to a slab geometry in which an exchange field acts only within one of the surface layers. In this sample set up, the hedgehog transforms into a skyrmion texture beyond a critical exchange field. This critical field marks a transition between two topologically distinct phases. The topological phase transition takes place without energy gap closing at the Fermi level and leaves the transverse Hall conductance unchanged and quantized to e2/2h. The momentum-space skyrmion texture persists in a finite field range. It may find its realization in hybrid heterostructures with an interface between a three-dimensional topological insulator and a ferromagnetic insulator.
Search for ferromagnetic order in overdoped copper-oxide superconductors
Authors: Wu J. , Lauter V. , Ambaye H. , He X. , Božović I.
Published: April 2017

In copper-oxides that show high-temperature superconductivity (HTS), the critical temperature (Tc) has a dome-shaped doping dependence. The cause of demise of bothTcand superfluid densitynson the overdoped side is a major puzzle. A recent study of transport and diamagnetism in a large number of overdoped La2−xSrxCuO4(LSCO) films shows that this cannot be accounted for by disorder within the conventional Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory. This brings to focus an alternative explanation — competition of HTS with ferromagnetic order, fluctuating in superconducting samples and static beyond the superconductor-to-metal transition. Here, we examine this proposal by growing single-crystal LSCO thin films with doping on both sides of the transition by molecular beam epitaxy, and using polarized neutron reflectometry to measure their magnetic moments. In a heavily overdoped, metallic but non-superconducting LSCO (x = 0.35) film, the spin asymmetry of reflectivity shows a very small static magnetic moment (~2 emu/cm3). Less-doped, superconducting LSCO films show no magnetic moment in neutron reflectivity, both above and belowTc. Therefore, the collapse of HTS with overdoping is not caused by competing ferromagnetic order.
Social brains and divides: the interplay between social dominance orientation and the neural sensitivity to hierarchical ranks
Authors: Ligneul Romain , Girard Romuald , Dreher Jean-Claude
Published: April 2017

Ubiquitous in the animal kingdom, dominance hierarchies emerge through social competition and underlie the control of resources. Confronting the disruptive influence of socioeconomic inequalities, human populations tend to split into groups who legitimize existing dominance hierarchies and groups who condemn them. Here, we hypothesized that variations in the neural sensitivity to dominance ranks partly underpins this ideological split, as measured by the social dominance orientation scale (SDO). Following a competitive task used to induce dominance representations about three opponents (superior, equal and inferior), subjects were passively presented the faces of these opponents while undergoing fMRI. Analyses demonstrated that two key brain regions, the superior temporal sulcus (STS) and anterior dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (aDLPFC) were sensitive to social ranks. Confirming our hypothesis, the sensitivity of the right aDLPFC to social ranks correlated positively with the SDO scale, which is known to predict behaviors and political attitudes associated with the legitimization of dominance hierarchies. This study opens new perspectives for the neurosciences of political orientation and social dominance.
Non-collinear magnetic structure of manganese quadruple perovskite CdMn7O12
Authors: Guo H. , Fernández-Díaz M. T. , Zhou L. , Yin Y. , Long Y. , Komarek A. C.
Published: April 2017

We report on the magnetic structure of CdMn7O12 determined by powder neutron diffraction. We were able to measure the magnetic structure of this Cd containing and highly neutron absorbing material by optimizing the sample geometry and by blending the CdMn7O12 with Aluminum powder. Below its Néel temperature TN1 all magnetic reflections can be indexed by a single commensurate propagation vector k = (0, 0, 1). This is different to the case of CaMn7O12 where the propagation vector is incommensurate and where an in-plane helical magnetic structure has been found. We observe a commensurate non-collinear magnetic structure in CdMn7O12 with in-plane aligned magnetic moments resembling the ones in CaMn7O12. However, the commensurate propagation vector prevents the appearance of a helical magnetic structure in CdMn7O12. Finally, we also observe a third structural phase transition below ~60 K that can be attributed to phase separation.
Functionalized core-shell hydrogel microsprings by anisotropic gelation with bevel-tip capillary
Authors: Yoshida Koki , Onoe Hiroaki
Published: April 2017

This study describes a novel microfluidic-based method for the synthesis of hydrogel microsprings that are capable of encapsulating various functional materials. A continuous flow of alginate pre-gel solution can spontaneously form a hydrogel microspring by anisotropic gelation around the bevel-tip of the capillary. This technique allows fabrication of hydrogel microsprings using only simple capillaries and syringe pumps, while their complex compartmentalization characterized by a laminar flow inside the capillary can contribute to the optimization of the microspring internal structure and functionality. Encapsulation of several functional materials including magnetic-responsive nanoparticles or cell dispersed collagen for tissue scaffold was demonstrated to functionalize the microsprings. Our core-shell hydrogel microsprings have immense potential for application in a number of fields, including biological/chemical microsensors, biocompatible soft robots/microactuators, drug release, self-assembly of 3D structures and tissue engineering.
Polysulfides (H2Sn) produced from the interaction of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO) activate TRPA1 channels
Authors: Miyamoto Ryo , Koike Shin , Takano Yoko , Shibuya Norihiro , Kimura Yuka , Hanaoka Kenjiro , Urano Yasuteru , Ogasawara Yuki , Kimura Hideo
Published: April 2017

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) exerts synergistic effects with another gaseous signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO) on ion channels and vasculature. However, the mechanism of the synergy is not well understood. Here, we show that the interaction between H2S and NO generates polysulfides (H2Sn), which activate transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channels. High performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry analysis, along with the imaging of intracellular Ca2+ and H2Sn, showed that H2Sn and their effects were abolished by cyanolysis and by reducing substances such as dithiothreitol (DTT), cysteine, and glutathione (GSH). However, the effects of nitroxyl or nitrosopersulfide, other potential products of H2S and NO interaction, are not affected by cyanolysis or reducing substances. This study demonstrates that H2Sn are products of synergy between H2S and NO and provides a new insight into the signaling mechanisms.
Manipulation of local optical properties and structures in molybdenum-disulfide monolayers using electric field-assisted near-field techniques
Authors: Nozaki Junji , Fukumura Musashi , Aoki Takaaki , Maniwa Yutaka , Yomogida Yohei , Yanagi Kazuhiro
Published: April 2017

Remarkable optical properties, such as quantum light emission and large optical nonlinearity, have been observed in peculiar local sites of transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers, and the ability to tune such properties is of great importance for their optoelectronic applications. For that purpose, it is crucial to elucidate and tune their local optical properties simultaneously. Here, we develop an electric field-assisted near-field technique. Using this technique we can clarify and tune the local optical properties simultaneously with a spatial resolution of approximately 100 nm due to the electric field from the cantilever. The photoluminescence at local sites in molybdenum-disulfide (MoS2) monolayers is reversibly modulated, and the inhomogeneity of the charge neutral points and quantum yields is suggested. We successfully etch MoS2 crystals and fabricate nanoribbons using near-field techniques in combination with an electric field. This study creates a way to tune the local optical properties and to freely design the structural shapes of atomic monolayers using near-field optics.
Study of the tensile properties of individual multicellular fibres generated by Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Ye Xuan , Zhao Liang , Liang Jiecun , Li Xide , Chen Guo-Qiang
Published: April 2017

Multicellular fibres formed by Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) are attracting interest because of their potential application as degradable biomaterials. However, mechanical properties of individual fibres remain unknown because of their small dimensions. Herein, a new approach is developed to investigate the tensile properties of individual fibres with an average diameter of 0.7 μm and a length range of 25.7–254.3 μm. Variations in the tensile strengths of fibres are found to be the result of variable interactions among pairs of microbial cells known as septa. Using Weibull weakest-link model to study this mechanical variability, we predict the length effect of the sample. Moreover, the mechanical properties of fibres are found to depend highly on relative humidity (RH), with a brittle–ductile transition occurring around RH = 45%. The elastic modulus is 5.8 GPa in the brittle state, while decreases to 62.2 MPa in the ductile state. The properties of fibres are investigated by using a spring model (RH < 45%) for its elastic behaviour, and the Kelvin–Voigt model (RH > 45%) for the time-dependent response. Loading-unloading experiments and numerical calculations demonstrate that necking instability comes from structural changes (septa) and viscoelasticity dominates the deformation of fibres at high RH.
Ablation of EYS in zebrafish causes mislocalisation of outer segment proteins, F-actin disruption and cone-rod dystrophy
Authors: Lu Zhaojing , Hu Xuebin , Liu Fei , Soares Dinesh C. , Liu Xiliang , Yu Shanshan , Gao Meng , Han Shanshan , Qin Yayun , Li Chang , Jiang Tao , Luo Daji , Guo An-Yuan , Tang Zhaohui , Liu Mugen
Published: April 2017

Mutations in EYS are associated with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (arRP) and autosomal recessive cone-rod dystrophy (arCRD) however, the function of EYS and the molecular mechanisms of how these mutations cause retinal degeneration are still unclear. Because EYS is absent in mouse and rat, and the structure of the retina differs substantially between humans and Drosophila, we utilised zebrafish as a model organism to study the function of EYS in the retina. We constructed an EYS-knockout zebrafish-line by TALEN technology which showed visual impairment at an early age, while the histological and immunofluorescence assays indicated the presence of progressive retinal degeneration with a cone predominately affected pattern. These phenotypes recapitulate the clinical manifestations of arCRD patients. Furthermore, the EYS−/− zebrafish also showed mislocalisation of certain outer segment proteins (rhodopsin, opn1lw, opn1sw1, GNB3 and PRPH2), and disruption of actin filaments in photoreceptors. Protein mislocalisation may, therefore, disrupt the function of cones and rods in these zebrafish and cause photoreceptor death. Collectively, these results point to a novel role for EYS in maintaining the morphological structure of F-actin and in protein transport, loss of this function might be the trigger for the resultant cellular events that ultimately lead to photoreceptor death.
Erratum: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Charge Transport in CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskites Predicted from First-Principles
Authors: Zhao Tianqi , Shi Wen , Xi Jinyang , Wang Dong , Shuai Zhigang
Published: April 2017

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 19968; published online: 29 January 2016; updated: 05 April 2017 The original HTML version of this Article listed an incorrect volume number. This has now been corrected in the HTML version; the PDF version was correct at the time of publication.
Aromaticity introduced by antiferromagnetic ligand mediated metal–metal interactions. Insights from the induced magnetic response in [Cu6(dmPz)6(OH)6]
Authors: Molina V. , Rauhalahti M. , Hurtado J. , Fliegl H. , Sundholm D. , Muñoz-Castro A.
Published: April 2017

Ligand-mediated antiferromagnetic coupling induces aromatic-ring behavior.
Direct coupling of sp3 carbon of alkanes with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds using a copper/hydroperoxide system
Authors: Lan Yun , Yang Chao , Xu Yun-He , Loh Teck-Peng
Published: April 2017

A new methodology of monovalent copper-initiated direct coupling of alkanes and hydroperoxides with unsaturated carbonyl compounds is developed.
Basiskapitel Diagnostik – Augenlider, Orbita, Tränenwege
Authors: Holtmann Christoph , Borrelli Maria , Geerling Gerd
Published: April 2017

Die Diagnostik von Krankheiten der Augenlider, Orbita und Tränenwege gehören zum Alltag der ophthalmologischen Versorgung. Die Krankheitsbilder sind vielfältig und ihre Diagnose erfordert meist mehrere diagnostische Schritte. Hierbei sind die klinische Untersuchung und die Erhebung eines sog. „Adnexen-Status“ besonders wichtig. Die folgenden Seiten sollen eine systematische Übersicht und strukturierte Herangehensweise bieten.
Möglichkeiten der optischen Kohärenztomografie-Angiografie bei Diagnostik und postoperativer Verlaufskontrolle von Hämangioblastomen bei Von-Hippel-Lindau-Syndrom
Authors: Lang S. , Evers C. , Cakir B. , Ludwig F. , Lange C. , Agostini H.
Published: April 2017

Hintergrund Die optische Kohärenztomografie-Angiografie (OCTA) bietet die Möglichkeit, die Gefäße am Augenhintergrund nicht invasiv darzustellen. Bei vaskulären Tumoren, wie Hämangioblastomen bei Von-Hippel-Lindau-Syndrom, können damit neue Informationen zur Tumorstruktur und -perfusion sowie zum Therapieerfolg nach Laserbehandlung gewonnen werden.

Patienten Es wurden 10 Augen von 10 Patienten mit retinalen Hämangioblastomen bei Von-Hippel-Lindau-Syndrom eingeschlossen. Das Alter der Patienten lag zwischen 19 und 65 Jahren (Median 44 Jahre).

Ergebnisse Es wurden insgesamt 10 perfundierte und ein fibrosiertes retinales Hämangioblastom mittels OCTA untersucht. Bei prominenten Tumoren konnte lediglich der oberflächliche Blutfluss dargestellt werden. Vier Hämangioblastome wurden aufgrund der Nähe zur Papille nicht behandelt. Sechs peripher gelegene Tumoren wurden mittels Laser koaguliert. Bei 4 dieser Augen zeigte die OCTA direkt postoperativ ein verringertes Flusssignal in den Tumorgefäßen. Nach der Laserkoagulation wurde die Darstellung der Perfusion teilweise blockiert.

Schlussfolgerung Die OCTA ermöglicht neue Ansätze in der prä- und postoperativen Beurteilung von Hämangioblastomen. Sie hat das Potenzial, wichtige Hinweise zur Morphologie, Perfusion und zum Therapieverlauf zu geben. Prospektive Studien mit längerer Verlaufsbeobachtung sind notwendig, um die therapeutische Relevanz der erfassten Befunde zu validieren.
Sex-specific differences and developmental programming for diseases in later life
Authors: Sundrani Deepali P. , Roy Suchitra S. , Jadhav Anjali T. , Joshi Sadhana R.
Published: April 2017

Epidemiological data indicate that developmental programming of various non-communicable diseases (NCDs) occurs as a consequence of altered maternal metabolic and physiological status due to a number of environmental insults during pregnancy. Sex-specific differences have also been reported in most NCDs. Evidence suggests that beginning from conception, the maternal and neonatal metabolic environment, including hormones, contributes to sex-specific placental development. The placenta then regulates the sex-specific differences in NCDs via the epigenetic mechanisms that are further affected by hormones. Male and female embryos have been reported to exhibit sex-specific transcriptional regulation, and it is suggested that their development can be considered as separate processes beginning from conception. This review summarises various animal and human studies examining sex-specific differences in NCDs due to differential placental epigenetic developmental programming. An overview of possible mechanisms underlying this is also discussed. Further, the review describes sex-specific changes in the structure and function of the placenta in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction, pre-eclampsia and preterm birth. Thus, because sex-specific differences are associated with fetal outcome and survival, future studies need to take into consideration the sex of the fetus while explaining the concept of the developmental origins of health and disease.
Olfactory behavioural responses in captive male southern hairy-nosed wombats (Lasiorhinus latifrons) exposed to oestrous and non-oestrous urine samples
Authors: Swinbourne Alyce M. , Johnston Stephen D. , Janssen Tina , Lisle Allan , Keeley Tamara , Phillips Clive J. C.
Published: April 2017

Whilst flehmen behaviour has been observed in some marsupials, including the southern hairy-nosed wombat (Lasiorhinus latifrons), it is unknown whether it, or other male-specific behaviours are exhibited differentially in response to the detection of oestrous females, which if proven, could assist in the detection of oestrus in breeding programs for captive southern hairy-nosed wombats. Six captive male southern hairy-nosed wombats were exposed to urine samples collected from a single female that was confirmed to be in oestrus and mid-pregnancy. Urine samples were presented to the males simultaneously and subsequent behaviours recorded for five minutes. There were no significant differences in the number of times flehmen behaviour was displayed in response to oestrous and non-oestrous urine samples (P = 0.577), the number of times the male sniffed each sample (P = 0.595), or the time spent investigating each urine sample (P = 0.414). Our results suggest that neither male flehmen behaviour nor any specific male-related precopulatory behaviour was associated with the olfaction of urine from a female in different stages of the oestrous cycle, and is thus unlikely to be a reliable management tool for the detection of oestrus.
Prenatal loss of father during World War One is predictive of a reduced lifespan in adulthood
Authors: Todd Nicolas , Valleron Alain-Jacques , Bougnères Pierre
Published: April 2017

Significance

The First World War was a historical experiment for early-life stress. Fathers of hundreds of thousands of children of all ages were killed during the conflict. The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis predicts long-term effects of early-life stress. We collected historical data on French orphans born 1914–1916 and their fathers’ military records and compared the orphans’ mortality in adulthood (age 31–99 y) with that of matched nonorphans. We found a strong decrease in lifespan, reflecting increased mortality before age 65 y, in persons whose fathers died before, not after, their birth. These results support the notion that maternal psychological stress in pregnancy decreases adult longevity in offspring.
Pet-Naming Practices in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Lindsey N. H.
Published: April 2017

This study examines the names of dogs and cats as accorded by their Taiwanese owners. The phenomenon was explored in a sample of 321 pet names that were extracted from various online sources. Contrary to previous studies of pet-naming practices found in English-speaking countries, the preference for human names (in the predominant language) for dogs and cats was not observed. Rather, the results show that names of dogs and cats in Taiwan are mainly characterized by reduplication, food references, and markers of endearment (in particular, the forms xiao-X, A-X, and X-bao). Other sources of onomastic inspiration include foreign borrowings and onomatopoeic association. Relative to the findings of this study, William Safire’s earlier observations about dog naming are also briefly revisited.
Almost-isometry between the Teichmüller metric and the length-spectrum metric on reduced moduli space for surfaces with boundary
Authors: Liu L. , Shiga H. , Su W. , Zhong Y.
Published: April 2017

We show that the Teichmüller metric and the length-spectrum metric are almost-isometric on moduli space of hyperbolic surfaces with geodesic boundaries whose lengths are bounded above.
Hardy-Hodge decomposition of vector fields in ℝⁿ
Authors: Baratchart Laurent , Dang Pei , Qian Tao
Published: April 2017

We prove that anRn+1\mathbb {R}^{n+1}-valued vector field onRn\mathbb {R}^nis the sum of the traces of two harmonic gradients, one in each component ofRn+1∖Rn\mathbb {R}^{n+1}\setminus \mathbb {R}^n, and of anRn\mathbb {R}^n-valued divergence free vector field. We apply this to the description of vanishing potentials in divergence form. The results are stated in terms of Clifford Hardy spaces, the structure of which is important for our study.
mzML2ISA & nmrML2ISA: generating enriched ISA-Tab metadata files from metabolomics XML data
Authors: Larralde Martin , Lawson Thomas N , Weber Ralf J M , Moreno Pablo , Haug Kenneth , Rocca-Serra Philippe , Viant Mark R , Steinbeck Christoph , Salek Reza M
Published: April 2017

Submission to the MetaboLights repository for metabolomics data currently places the burden of reporting instrument and acquisition parameters in ISA-Tab format on users, who have to do it manually, a process that is time consuming and prone to user input error. Since the large majority of these parameters are embedded in instrument raw data files, an opportunity exists to capture this metadata more accurately. Here we report a set of Python packages that can automatically generate ISA-Tab metadata file stubs from raw XML metabolomics data files. The parsing packages are separated into mzML2ISA (encompassing mzML and imzML formats) and nmrML2ISA (nmrML format only). Overall, the use of mzML2ISA & nmrML2ISA reduces the time needed to capture metadata substantially (capturing 90% of metadata on assay and sample levels), is much less prone to user input errors, improves compliance with minimum information reporting guidelines and facilitates more finely grained data exploration and querying of datasets.

Availability and Implementation

mzML2ISA & nmrML2ISA are available under version 3 of the GNU General Public Licence at https://github.com/ISA-tools. Documentation is available from http://2isa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Use of AAScatterPlot tool for monitoring the evolution of the hemagglutinin cleavage site in H9 avian influenza viruses
Authors: Lee Donald W , Whittaker Gary R
Published: April 2017

Motivation

Viruses rapidly evolve due to their error-prone genome replication, and identifying which mutations are selected for during evolution is critical for virus surveillance efforts. Here we introduce a scatter plot tool (AAScatterPlot) that easily shows the selection and avoidance of certain protein mutations based on biochemical properties. We demonstrate its utility for monitoring the evolution of H9 avian influenza viruses from China between 2005 and 2015, particularly at the hemagglutinin (HA) proteolytic cleavage site (PCS) that can affect virus activation and pathogenicity.

Results

Given genome sequences, the AAScatterPlot tool compacts into a single plot, information about the hydropathy index, Van der Waals volume, chemical property and occurrence frequency of amino acid residues. The tool also shows the range of residues that could arise from a single point mutation in the genome, which can then be compared against the observed residues to identify mutation constraints. Through this approach, we found that the 2nd position towards the N-terminus side of the HA PCS (P2 position) avoided hydrophobic residues, whereas the P3 position avoided hydrophilic residues.

Availability and Implementation

AAScatterPlot is available at https://github.com/WhittakerLab/AAScatterPlot.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Systemic evaluation of cellular reprogramming processes exploiting a novel R-tool: eegc
Authors: Zhou Xiaoyuan , Meng Guofeng , Nardini Christine , Mei Hongkang
Published: April 2017

Motivation

Cells derived by cellular engineering, i.e. differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells and direct lineage reprogramming, carry a tremendous potential for medical applications and in particular for regenerative therapies. These approaches consist in the definition of lineage-specific experimental protocols that, by manipulation of a limited number of biological cues—niche mimicking factors, (in)activation of transcription factors, to name a few—enforce the final expression of cell-specific (marker) molecules. To date, given the intricate complexity of biological pathways, these approaches still present imperfect reprogramming fidelity, with uncertain consequences on the functional properties of the resulting cells.

Results

We propose a novel tool eegc to evaluate cellular engineering processes, in a systemic rather than marker-based fashion, by integrating transcriptome profiling and functional analysis. Our method clusters genes into categories representing different states of (trans)differentiation and further performs functional and gene regulatory network analyses for each of the categories of the engineered cells, thus offering practical indications on the potential lack of the reprogramming protocol.

Availability and Implementation

eegc R package is released under the GNU General Public License within the Bioconductor project, freely available at https://bioconductor.org/packages/eegc/.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
L1157-B1, a factory of complex organic molecules in a solar-type star-forming region
Authors: Lefloch Bertrand , Ceccarelli C. , Codella C. , Favre C. , Podio L. , Vastel C. , Viti S. , Bachiller R.
Published: April 2017

We report on a systematic search for oxygen-bearing complex organic molecules (COMs) in the solar-like protostellar shock region L1157-B1, as part of the IRAM Large Program ‘Astrochemical Surveys At IRAM’. Several COMs are unambiguously detected, some for the first time, such as ketene H2CCO, dimethyl ether (CH3OCH3) and glycolaldehyde (HCOCH2OH), and others firmly confirmed, such as formic acid (HCOOH) and ethanol (C2H5OH). Thanks to the high sensitivity of the observations and full coverage of the 1, 2 and 3 mm wavelength bands, we detected numerous (∼10–125) lines from each of the detected species. Based on a simple rotational diagram analysis, we derive the excitation conditions and the column densities of the detected COMs. Combining our new results with those previously obtained towards other protostellar objects, we found a good correlation between ethanol, methanol and glycolaldehyde. We discuss the implications of these results on the possible formation routes of ethanol and glycolaldehyde.
Safety and Efficacy of a Novel, Self-Adhering Dural Substitute in a Canine Supratentorial Durotomy Model
Authors: Lewis Kevin M , Sweet Jenifer , Wilson Scott T , Rousselle Serge , Gulle Heinz , Baumgartner Bernhard
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUND

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks increase postoperative risk for complication, likelihood of reoperation, and costs.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate a novel, self-adhering polyethylene glycol-coated collagen pad (PCC) as a dural substitute relative to Duragen XS (DGX; Integra LifeSciences Corporation, Plainsboro, New Jersey) and as a dural sealant relative to Tachosil (Takeda Austria GmbH, Linz, Austria), a fibrinogen and thrombin-coated collagen pad (FTC).

METHODS

A canine supratentorial durotomy surgical model was used to investigate the safety and efficacy of PCC. For safety, 4 animals were bilaterally treated with DGX or PCC and recovered for 1, 8, or 16 wk; total 24 animals. Each animal underwent physical and neurological examinations weekly and 16-wk animals underwent a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination at each time point. For efficacy, 9 animals were unilaterally treated with FTC or PCC and underwent a burst pressure test intraoperatively or 14 d postoperatively; total 36 animals.

RESULTS

In the safety study, no abnormal clinical signs or changes were noted on physical and neurological examinations, or in clinical pathology, CSF analysis or histopathology of DGX or PCC-treated animals. No consistent signs of cerebral compression, CSF leak, hemorrhage, or hydrocephalus were noted on MRI. In the efficacy study, no significant difference was found between FTC and PCC at each time point or overall (13.9 vs 12.3 mm Hg, n = 18 per group, P = .46).

CONCLUSION

PCC is safe for use as a dural substitute and effective as a dural sealant. The novel, self-adhering combination of a polyethylene glycol-based sealant and a collagen pad may offer unique benefits to the advancement of duraplasty.
Proximal Junctional Kyphosis Prevention Strategies: A Video Technique Guide
Authors: Safaee Michael M. , Osorio Joseph A. , Verma Kushagra , Bess Shay , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Smith Justin S. , Hart Robert , Deviren Vedat , Ames Christopher P.
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUND: Proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) is a well-recognized complication in patients undergoing posterior instrumented fusion procedures for adult spinal deformity. Strategies that reduce rates of PJK have the potential to improve the safety of these operations and decrease cost by eliminating the need for revision surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To present a set of surgical techniques that can decrease rates of PJK in adults undergoing surgery for spinal deformity.

METHODS: We summarize the use of vertebroplasty, transverse process hooks, terminal rod contouring, and ligament augmentation as means to reduce rates of PJK.

RESULTS: We present PJK prevention strategies and a video technique guide that are safe, technically feasible, and add minimal operative time to these surgical procedures. When applied to appropriate high-risk patients, these techniques have the potential to dramatically reduce rates of PJK, which improves quality of life and decreases the cost associated with this treating adult spinal deformity.

CONCLUSION: PJK prevention strategies represent a critical area for improvement in surgery for adult spinal deformity. We present a summary of techniques that are safe, feasible, and add minimal time to the overall procedure. These techniques warrant investigation in a thoughtful, prospective manner, but are supported by existing data and compelling biomechanical rationale. Our hope is that these strategies can be applied, particularly in high-risk patients, to help reduce rates of PJK.
An Expanded Conceptual Framework of Medical Students’ Primary Care Career Choice
Authors: Pfarrwaller Eva , Audétat Marie-Claude , Sommer Johanna , Maisonneuve Hubert , Bischoff Thomas , Nendaz Mathieu , Baroffio Anne , Junod Perron Noëlle , Haller Dagmar M.
Published: April 2017

In many countries, the number of graduating medical students pursuing a primary care career does not meet demand. These countries face primary care physician shortages. Students’ career choices have been widely studied, yet many aspects of this process remain unclear. Conceptual models are useful to plan research and educational interventions in such complex systems.

The authors developed a framework of primary care career choice in undergraduate medical education, which expands on previously published models. They used a group-based, iterative approach to find the best way to represent the vast array of influences identified in previous studies, including in a recent systematic review of the literature on interventions to increase the proportion of students choosing a primary care career. In their framework, students enter medical school with their personal characteristics and initial interest in primary care. They complete a process of career decision making, which is subject to multiple interacting influences, both within and outside medical school, throughout their medical education. These influences are stratified into four systems—microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem—which represent different levels of interaction with students’ career choices.

This expanded framework provides an updated model to help understand the multiple factors that influence medical students’ career choices. It offers a guide for the development of new interventions to increase the proportion of students choosing primary care careers and for further research to better understand the variety of processes involved in this decision.
Extended-Release Injectable Naltrexone (XR-NTX) With Intensive Psychosocial Therapy for Amphetamine-Dependent Persons Seeking Treatment: A Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Runarsdottir Valgerdur , Hansdottir Ingunn , Tyrfingsson Thorarinn , Einarsson Magnus , Dugosh Karen , Royer-Malvestuto Charlotte , Pettinati Helen , Khalsa Jag , Woody George E.
Published: April 2017

Objective:

Explore the efficacy of extended-release injectable naltrexone (XR-NTX) for preventing relapse to amphetamine use.

Method:

Clinical trial of 100 amphetamine-dependent, treatment-seeking patients who were randomized to 6 monthly 380 mg doses of XR-NTX or matching placebo before entering intensive outpatient after varying lengths of inpatient treatment in Reykjavik, Iceland. Weekly urine drug tests, retention, and standardized instruments assessed efficacy.

Results:

Of 169 approached, 100 were randomized. Although amphetamine dependence was the main reason for seeking treatment, three-quarters or more of participants had 1 or more other substance dependencies. Of 51 randomized to XR-NTX, 20 received 4 or more injections; of 49 assigned to placebo, 26 received 4 or more injections. Of the planned 2400 weekly urine drug tests, 1247 were collected (52%); 4% of these were positive for amphetamine, 8% for benzodiazepine, 7% for marijuana, 1% for cocaine, and 1% for opioid. XR-NTX had no effect on amphetamine-positive tests, retention, or other outcomes. Those providing half or more of their tests attended more weeks of treatment than those providing less than half of their tests (m = 10.76 vs 3.31; t (92) = 5.91, P < 0.0001), and 92 participants provided at least 1 test.

Conclusions:

Adding XR-NTX to the usual combination of inpatient and intensive outpatient treatment did not reduce amphetamine use. The low prevalence of substance use among collected urine samples, and the association between collected samples and weeks in treatment, was consistent with other studies showing that staying in treatment is associated with better outcomes.
“Hills, Plains, and Valleys”: A Topographical Concept in the Treatment of Dupuytren’s Contracture With Needle Aponeurotomy
Authors: Thomas Roshin , O’Flaherty Emmett
Published: April 2017

Needle aponeurotomy is emerging as a preferred choice of treatment for patients with Dupuytren’s contracture keen on a quick, minimally invasive procedure that enables a rapid return of hand function. This article describes a unique topographical concept in the treatment of Dupuytren’s contracture with needle aponeurotomy. This concept guides portal placement in a planned manner to achieve better correction and avoid potential complications.