bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing antecedents of Google shopping ads intention to purchase: a multigroup analysis of generation Y and Z
Authors: Duffett Rodney Graeme , Charles Jaydi Rejuan
Published: April 2024

Purpose

The substantial expansion of technology and the efficacy of digital platforms in reaching young audiences have led to enhanced targeting and customization of promotional communications. Notwithstanding the expansion and efficacy of contemporary advertising platforms, scholarly attention has not kept pace with this domain of inquiry. This study aims to assess the antecedents of Google Shopping Ads (GSA) on intention to purchase behavior among the Generation Y and Z cohorts.

Design/methodology/approach

The current study used a quantitative approach and snowball sampling technique to gather primary data via a questionnaire and Google Forms, which resulted in the collection of 5,808 questionnaires among the cohort members. A principal component analysis and multigroup confirmatory multigroup structural equation modeling (between Generation Y and Z) were used to assess the research data and model.

Findings

The results show positive trust and perceived value associations with intention to purchase, particularly among Generation Y and Z consumers. The findings also show negative irritation, product risk and time risk associations with intention to purchase, especially among the Generation Y cohort, which indicates that young consumers generally do not observe perceived risk due to the usage of GSA.

Originality/value

GSA will continue to grow and become an increasingly important integrated marketing communications tool as the digital landscape develops. It can be concluded that young consumers show a high degree of perceived value and low levels of perceived risk due to the use of GSA. This study, therefore, promotes improved understanding among academics, marketers and businesses of search engine advertising among young cohorts of consumers (Generation Y and Z) in a developing country context.
Temperature dependence and genetic variation in resource acquisition strategies in a model freshwater plant
Authors: Gillies Graydon J. , Angert Amy L. , Usui Takuji
Published: April 2024

Understanding how competition varies with environmental stress is critical to anticipating species and community responses to rapid environmental change. While the stress‐gradient hypothesis predicts the strength of competition to decrease with increasing stress, our understanding of how competition varies with stress is limited by a lack of mechanistic understanding of how resource‐use traits underlying competitive dynamics respond to stress.

Here, we use duckweeds in the Lemna species complex to measure how phenotypic and genetic variation in R* (a resource acquisition trait representing the minimum resource requirement for positive population growth) varies with high‐temperature stress to better understand how stress alters competitive ability for essential resources.

We found that heat stress increased the R* of Lemna plants for nitrogen acquisition. Because lower R* values predict dominance in competitive dynamics where resources are limiting, this indicates that under stressful, high temperatures, plants could experience reduced competitive ability due to the higher resources required to sustain positive population growth rates.

We found minimal genetic variation in R* across 11 local genotypes within the Lemna species complex, indicating that selection on resource acquisition strategies for essential resources such as nitrogen may be constrained in nature. The expression of genetic variation in R* for nitrogen was further reduced under heat stress, suggesting that the response to selection for R* could be particularly constrained under high‐temperature stress.

Contrary to predictions drawn from the gleaner–opportunist trade‐off, we did not find evidence for a trade‐off in resource acquisition strategies under benign conditions or high‐temperature stress. Plants with lower R* (i.e. higher growth rates under lower nitrogen levels) were not constrained to have lower growth rates under higher nitrogen levels, possibly because the chosen genotypes have not diverged across resource acquisition strategies or because Lemna spp. has escaped this constraint.

Importantly, our work indicates that high‐temperature stress could increase sensitivity to competition through an increased requirement for resources while reducing the evolutionary potential for Lemna species to respond to selection for resource traits. This study acts as a key step to understanding the mechanistic traits behind competitive dynamics in resource‐limited and stressful environments.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Estimation of anisotropy parameters in vertical transverse isotropy media using the ray‐based tomography
Authors: Böhm Gualtiero , Farina Biancamaria
Published: April 2024

In seismic exploration, it is very important to consider the presence of anisotropy in order to image the subsurface correctly. The knowledge of anisotropic parameters leads to more precise characterization of reservoir, fracture density and flow paths. However, conventional geophysical methods do not directly measure these parameters, and it is useful to have a method to estimate them from seismic data. In the weak transverse isotropy approximation, the fields to be considered are the vertical and horizontal velocity components and the Thomsen parameters and . We present a method for estimating the anisotropic Thomsen parameters in the presence of weak vertical transverse isotropy using P‐wave traveltime tomography based on anisotropic ray tracing. Depending on the available information, we propose different approaches to retrieve the unknowns. A conventional three‐dimensional traveltime tomography algorithm has been extended to include anisotropic ray tracing and using the algebraic reconstruction technique or modified simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique to retrieve the unknowns. We test the method on synthetic examples for the inversion of transmitted and reflected traveltimes, and we evaluate the sensitivity of the tomographic results to the available information. Furthermore, we also consider the case of tilted transverse isotropy in a seismic reflection example.
Assisting nickel agromining using sustainable amendments
Authors: Durand Alexis , Jafeu Léa , Leglize Pierre , Benizri Emile
Published: April 2024

One of the challenges of agromining is the adoption of more environmentally‐friendly solutions to improve plant biomass yields and Ni concentrations in plants. Here, we focused on four sustainable solutions for optimizing nickel phytoextraction by the hyperaccumulator Odontarrhena chalcidica: a biostimulant, another biostimulant/plant defense stimulator, artificial root exudates, and a biodegradable metal chelator. Their effects on the growth and physiology of O. chalcidica, on Ni phytoextraction capacity, on physicochemical soil characteristics, and on the diversity of rhizosphere and endophytic bacteria were compared to a conventional mineral fertilizer. A 5‐month pot experiment was carried out with O. chalcidica growing on an ultramafic soil. Element concentrations in both soil and plant were measured. Moreover, numerous compounds were analyzed (photosynthetic pigments, malondialdehyde, flavonoids, free amino acids, and starch). We also characterized rhizosphere and endophytic bacterial communities associated with this hyperaccumulator. Biostimulants appeared to be a promising way of improving Ni concentration in shoots and plant biomass production, and showed a positive effect on bacterial richness and diversity. In contrast, our experiments did not show that artificial exudates and mineral fertilizer had a positive effect on Ni phytoextraction. Finally, the biodegradable chelator had no significant effect. The use of sustainable amendments into a Ni agromining system improved both plant biomass and Ni yields, in comparison to mineral fertilization. Thus, improving agromining by replacing mineral fertilizers would be an eco‐efficient strategy.
Management of giant colorectal polyps (≥3 cm) by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) versus surgery: a propensity score–based analysis
Authors: Lo Michelle Hau Ching , Poon Michael Chi Ming
Published: April 2024

Aim

Giant colorectal polyps (≥3 cm) can be managed by endoscopic excision or surgical resection. There has been a shift to endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for the treatment of such lesions as the expertise in advanced therapeutic endoscopy develops. This study aims to compare the outcome and safety profile of ESD against surgical resection for patients with giant colorectal polyps.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review on patients with giant colorectal polyps removed by either ESD or surgery over a 10‐year period (from May 2010 to September 2020) in a regional hospital in Hong Kong. Propensity score matching was performed based on patient demographics and polyp characteristics. Outcomes including polyp histology, complication rates, length of hospital stay, and re‐admission rates were analysed.

Results

Fifty‐one patients (ESD group: 34, surgery group: 17) were included in the analysis. The mean polyp diameter was 3.35 cm (ESD group) and 3.53 cm (surgery group). The median procedure time was comparable (160 vs 167 min; P = .251) and the most common polyp histological type was tubulovillous adenoma (44.1% vs 47.1%; P = .130) for both groups. A shorter median length of stay (1 day vs 6 days; P = .028) and lower re‐admission rate (0% vs 5.9%; P < .001) were observed in the ESD group, whereas a higher major complication rate (Clavien–Dindo classification grade IIIa or above; 2.9% vs 11.7%; P = .013) was observed in the surgery group.

Conclusions

ESD is a safe and effective treatment for giant colonic polyps with ESD size ≥3 cm. It has the advantage of lower complication rates, shorter length of hospital stays, and lower re‐admission rates compared with surgical resection.
A liquid biopsy assay for the noninvasive detection of lymph node metastases in T1 lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Xin , Gu Yang , Hu Bin , Shao Ming‐Ming , Li Hui
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a common pathological type of lung cancer. The presence of lymph node metastasis plays a crucial role in determining the overall treatment approach and long‐term prognosis for early LUAD, therefore accurate prediction of lymph node metastasis is essential to guide treatment decisions and ultimately improve patient outcomes.

Methods

We performed transcriptome sequencing on T1 LUAD patients with positive or negative lymph node metastases and combined this data with The Cancer Genome Atlas Program cohort to identify potential risk molecules at the tissue level. Subsequently, by detecting the expression of these risk molecules by real‐time quantitative PCR in serum samples, we developed a model to predict the risk of lymph node metastasis from a training cohort of 96 patients and a validation cohort of 158 patients.

Results

Through transcriptome sequencing analysis of tissue samples, we identified 11 RNA (miR‐412, miR‐219, miR‐371, FOXC1, ID1, MMP13, COL11A1, PODXL2, CXCL13, SPOCK1 and MECOM) associated with positive lymph node metastases in T1 LUAD. As the expression of FOXC1 and COL11A1 was not detected in serum, we constructed a predictive model that accurately identifies patients with positive lymph node metastases using the remaining nine RNA molecules in the serum of T1 LUAD patients. In the training set, the model achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.89, and in the validation set, the AUC was 0.91.

Conclusions

We have established a new risk prediction model using serum samples from T1 LUAD patients, enabling noninvasive identification of those with positive lymph node metastases.
Control strategies for impactful exits in impact private equity firms
Authors: Islam Syrus M. , Akroyd Chris
Published: April 2024

Traditional private equity firms aim to maximise their financial returns when exiting an investment. In contrast, a major consideration for impact private equity firms is to ensure an impactful exit from their investments – increasing the chance of impact continuity in portfolio companies post exit. However, impactful exits may not be realised due to ownership‐, management‐, and operations‐related threats. Drawing on data from 45 impact private equity firms, we identify the control strategies that impact investors use throughout the investment lifecycle to manage impactful exits from investment. We also highlight how control‐related issues differ between traditional and impact private equity firms.
Prevalence and factors associated with mental health status in Parkinson's disease: Data from the 45 and Up Study
Authors: Micalos Peter S. , Logan Patricia A. , Bramble Marguerite , Wong Alfred
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with a range of non‐motor symptomologies such as anxiety and depression.

Objective

The purpose of this research was to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with mental health status in persons with PD.

Design

This retrospective data linkage study analysed a subset of data from the Sax Institute’s 45 and Up Study based in the population of the state of New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Data was analysed between 2005‐2009 of persons who self‐identified with PD. Secure data access was provided through the Sax Institute’s Secure Unified Research Environment (SURE). Participants were aged 45+ years of age and living in NSW, Australia. Regression analysis was performed on psychological distress (K10), previous diagnosis of anxiety, and/or depression, with independent variables for locality, demographic, health, medical, and sociocultural factors.

Findings

A total of 1676 persons self‐identified with PD from the 45 and Up Study Wave 1 baseline and were linked to the 2010 Social, Economic and Environmental Factors (SEEF) survey dataset. Mental health manifestations are common in PD with 29% and 32% reporting a previous medical diagnosis of anxiety and depression, respectively. Rural locality was associated with an increased likelihood of psychological distress, anxiety, and depression compared to metropolitan locality.

Discussion

Mental health status in PD was associated with living in rural areas, medical service access, female gender, ageing, physical mobility, Australian born, social interactions, and in a coupled relationship.

Conclusion

Further research is required on the longitudinal impact of these associations on mental health in PD.
Neutrophil‐driven and interleukin‐36γ‐associated ocular surface inflammation in chronic Stevens–Johnson syndrome
Authors: Koduri Madhuri Amulya , Pingali Tejaswini , Prasad Deeksha , Singh Vijay , Singh Swati , Shanbhag Swapna S. , Basu Sayan , Singh Vivek
Published: April 2024

Purpose

This study aims to elucidate the tear proteome and understand the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in the ocular complications following Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN).

Methods

Mass spectrometry (MS) was performed to quantify the tear fluid proteins from chronic SJS/TEN patients (n = 22 eyes) and age‐ and gender‐matched controls (n = 22 eyes). The candidate proteins were validated using ELISA (n = 80 eyes) in tear samples and immunohistochemistry (IHC; n = 12) in eyelid margin specimens. These proteins were compared for significant differences based on age, gender, disease duration, and ocular severity.

Results

A total of 1692 tear fluid proteins were identified, of which 470 were significantly differentially regulated in chronic SJS/TEN. The top 10 significantly upregulated proteins were neutrophil secretions including neutrophil elastase (p < .0001), defensin (p < .0001), and matrix metalloproteinase 8 (p < .0001). The presence of neutrophils was confirmed by the upregulation of IL‐8 (p < .001) in tears, a key cytokine known for recruiting neutrophils. Additionally, positive expression of myeloperoxidase was observed in the keratinized eyelid margins of SJS/TEN to validate the presence of neutrophils. Among 41 unique proteins identified by MS, IL‐36γ (p < .01) was expressed in three SJS/TEN patients and was confirmed in SJS/TEN tears and eyelid margins by ELISA and IHC, respectively. IL‐36γ was specifically expressed in the superficial layers of eyelid margin keratinized conjunctiva. The majority of the significantly downregulated proteins were lacrimal gland secretions such as lacritin (p < .0001) and opiorphin (p < .002). Neutrophil elastase (p < .02) was significantly elevated in patients with severe eyelid margin keratinization.

Conclusion

Our observations indicate a clear correlation between eyelid margin keratinization and the expression of IL‐36γ, potentially mediated by neutrophils recruited via IL‐8. Future experimental studies are needed to test the role of therapies targeting IL‐8 and/or IL‐36γ in reducing eyelid margin keratinization and its associated ocular complications in SJS/TEN.
Mechanosensing by Piezo1 and its implications in the kidney
Authors: Yuan Xi , Zhao Xiaoduo , Wang Weidong , Li Chunling
Published: April 2024

Piezo1 is an essential mechanosensitive transduction ion channel in mammals. Its unique structure makes it capable of converting mechanical cues into electrical and biological signals, modulating biological and (patho)physiological processes in a wide variety of cells. There is increasing evidence demonstrating that the piezo1 channel plays a vital role in renal physiology and disease conditions. This review summarizes the current evidence on the structure and properties of Piezo1, gating modulation, and pharmacological characteristics, with special focus on the distribution and (patho)physiological significance of Piezo1 in the kidney, which may provide insights into potential treatment targets for renal diseases involving this ion channel.
ZnPP‐laden nanoparticles improve glucose homeostasis and chronic inflammation during obesity
Authors: Yang Wanbao , Arora Meenakshi , Han Hye Won , Jiang Wen , Kim Da Mi , Ai Weiqi , Pan Quan , Kumar M. N. V. Ravi , Brashear Wesley A. , Sun Yuxiang , Guo Shaodong
Published: April 2024

Background and Purpose

Chronic inflammation plays a pivotal role in the development of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Previous studies have shown that haem oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) plays a proinflammatory role during metabolic stress, suggesting that HO‐1 inhibition could be an effective strategy to treat T2DM. However, the application of HO‐1 inhibitors is restricted due to solubility‐limited bioavailability. In this study, we encapsulated the HO‐1 inhibitor, zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP), within nanoparticles and investigated their role in regulating glucose homeostasis and chronic inflammation during obesity.

Experimental Approach

We delivered DMSO‐dissolved ZnPP (DMSO‐ZnPP) and ZnPP‐laden nanoparticles (Nano‐ZnPP) to diet‐induced obese male mice for 6 weeks. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests were carried out, liver and adipose tissue gene expression profiles analysed, and systemic inflammation analysed using flow cytometry.

Key Results

Nanoparticles significantly increased the delivery efficiency of ZnPP in both cells and mice. In mice with diet‐induced obesity, inhibition of HO‐1 by Nano‐ZnPP significantly decreased adiposity, increased insulin sensitivity, and improved glucose tolerance. Moreover, Nano‐ZnPP treatment attenuated both local and systemic inflammatory levels during obesity. Mechanistically, Nano‐ZnPP significantly attenuated glucagon, TNF, and fatty acid synthesis signalling pathways in the liver. In white adipose tissue, the oxidative phosphorylation signalling pathway was enhanced and the inflammation signalling pathway diminished by Nano‐ZnPP. Our results show that Nano‐ZnPP has better effects on the improvement of glucose homeostasis and attenuation of chronic inflammation, than those of DMSO‐dissolved ZnPP.

Conclusions and Implications

These findings indicate that ZnPP‐laden nanoparticles are potential therapeutic agents for treating T2DM.
A long‐acting FGF21 attenuates metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis‐related fibrosis by modulating NR4A1‐mediated Ly6C phenotypic switch in macrophages
Authors: Ji Yue , Duan Yiliang , Li Yuanyuan , Lu Qingzhou , Liu Dingkang , Yang Yifan , Chang Ruilong , Tian Jing , Yao Wenbing , Yin Jun , Gao Xiangdong
Published: April 2024

Background and Purpose

Because of the absence of effective therapies for metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis (MASH), there is a rising interest in fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) analogues due to their potential anti‐fibrotic activities in MASH treatment. PsTag‐FGF21, a long‐acting FGF21 analogue, has demonstrated promising therapeutic effects in several MASH mouse models. However, its efficacy and mechanism against MASH‐related fibrosis remain less well defined, compared with the specific mechanisms through which FGF21 improves glucose and lipid metabolism.

Experimental Approach

The effectiveness of PsTag‐FGF21 was evaluated in two MASH‐fibrosis models. Co‐culture systems involving macrophages and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were employed for further assessment. Hepatic macrophages were selectively depleted by administering liposome‐encapsulated clodronate via tail vein injections. RNA sequencing and cytokine profiling were conducted to identify key factors involved in macrophage–HSC crosstalk.

Key Results

We first demonstrated the significant attenuation of hepatic fibrosis by PsTag‐FGF21 in two MASH‐fibrosis models. Furthermore, we highlighted the crucial role of macrophage phenotypic switch in PsTag‐FGF21‐induced HSC deactivation. FGF21 was demonstrated to regulate macrophages in a PsTag‐FGF21‐like manner. NR4A1, a nuclear factor which is notably down‐regulated in human livers with MASH, was identified as a mediator responsible for PsTag‐FGF21‐induced phenotypic switch. Transcriptional control over insulin‐like growth factor 1, a crucial factor in macrophage–HSC crosstalk, was exerted by the intrinsically disordered region domain of NR4A1.

Conclusion and Implications

Our results have elucidated the previously unclear mechanisms through which PsTag‐FGF21 treats MASH‐related fibrosis and identified NR4A1 as a potential therapeutic target for fibrosis.
Why we need employees back at the office: The effect of workplace design on creativity in organizations
Authors: Lucius Zita K. , Damberg Svenja
Published: April 2024

With the ongoing changes in the work environment, specifically turning from fulltime to no time at the office and nowadays pending somewhere in between, there is a need for decision makers to redefine their expectations of a day at the office. Previously, organizations worldwide focussed on creating workplaces that foster interaction and collaboration to enhance knowledge exchange and communication. Both are among the main drivers for stimulating creativity at the workplace, leading to increased innovation activities. Since offices are dramatically changing from lean, work‐focused, and hierarchical workstations into employee‐oriented, creativity‐enhancing spaces with playground artefacts, the need for quantitative research on the effects of workplace design on creativity seems evident for researchers and practitioners. Although prior research has attempted to describe the physical work environment and its impact on creativity, empirical evidence is still lacking on what concrete attributes of a workplace employees perceive as inspiring. We therefore contribute to the existent body of knowledge by establishing a definition for inspiring physical workplaces as perceived by employees in times of digitalization and provide a conceptual model analysing the effects between workplace design, internal knowledge exchange, and creative problem‐solving capacity. We assess our survey data with partial least squares structural equation modelling and provide first empirical evidence that our proposed formative index supports the common research agenda within the context of workplace design, and further, that aspects of workplace design not only enhance creative problem‐solving capacity as an important dimension of creativity itself, but that this relationship is also partially mediated by internal knowledge exchange.
Structure and material designs of stretchable electrochromic devices
Authors: Wang Weigao , Tian Boqing , Wu Majiaqi , Jian Maoliang , Yang Lianqiao
Published: April 2024

Electrochromic materials are a significant class of optoelectronic functional materials that can change colour by adjusting the voltage periodically. In recent years, there has been rapid development in electrochromic technology. However, current research predominantly focuses on traditional rigid electrochromic devices (ECDs), typically using conductive glass substrates such as indium tin oxide. These rigid colour‐changing devices face significant challenges, including large thickness, low mechanical strength, and high cost, which hinder the advancement and commercialisation of electrochromic technology. With the rise of wearable devices and electronic skins, among other future technologies, flexible ECDs have garnered much attention due to their foldability, wearability, and even embeddability. They have emerged as a research hotspot in the field of electrochromism. As a further development direction of flexible ECDs, achieving stretchability poses higher difficulties as it requires maintaining high performance under large strains and even distortions. This article provides an overview of the latest advances in stretchable electrochromic devices (SECDs) from the perspectives of structural and material design. Regarding structural design, the ‘island‐bridge’ structure, the ‘longitudinal wave’ structure, and core‐shell structures are discussed. In terms of material design, the design schemes of substrate, conductive layer, electrochromic layer and electrolyte layer are mainly introduced, with particular emphasis on the introduction of gel electrolyte. Finally, the challenges and difficulties faced by the development of SECDs are briefly analysed.
Tools used to measure the impact of comorbidities on surgical outcomes in children with complex chronic conditions: A scoping review
Authors: Difazio Rachel L. , Strout Tania D. , Dorste Anna , Berry Jay G. , Vessey Judith A.
Published: April 2024

Aim

To identify and describe assessment tools used to measure the impact of comorbidities on postoperative outcomes in children with complex chronic conditions (CCC).

Method

This was a scoping review using five electronic databases. The search was conducted in March 2022 by a medical librarian. There were no date or language restrictions. Included studies were full‐text articles published in peer‐reviewed journals that described a tool used to measure the impact of comorbidities in children with CCC to assess postoperative outcomes. A standardized data charting tool was used.

Results

A total of 2157 articles were retrieved. Five studies reporting on six comorbidity measures met inclusion criteria. All were cohort studies and were secondary analyses of data from an administrative database (n = 4) or a patient registry (n = 1). Sample sizes ranged from 645 to 25 747 participants. One paper described the assessment of reliability. Only one form of validity – predictive validity – was assessed in three papers for five measures.

Interpretation

Findings from this scoping review revealed a paucity of comorbidity assessment tools validated for use with children with CCC; significant conceptual and measurement challenges exist in the current scientific literature.

What this paper adds

Five studies used formal risk assessment approaches to evaluate postoperative outcomes in children with complex chronic conditions.

Conceptual and methodological differences between comorbidity indexes and risk prediction models are explicated.

Further development of prediction science is needed for determining postoperative outcomes.

Enhanced preoperative comorbidity assessment will identify children at risk of poor outcomes.
The biological controls of soil carbon accumulation following wildfire and harvest in boreal forests: A review
Authors: Gundale Michael J. , Axelsson E. Petter , Buness Vincent , Callebaut Timon , DeLuca Thomas H. , Hupperts Stefan F. , Ibáñez Theresa S. , Metcalfe Daniel B. , Nilsson Marie‐Charlotte , Peichl Matthias , Spitzer Clydecia M. , Stangl Zsofia R. , Strengbom Joachim , Sundqvist Maja K. , Wardle David A. , Lindahl Björn D.
Published: April 2024

Boreal forests are frequently subjected to disturbances, including wildfire and clear‐cutting. While these disturbances can cause soil carbon (C) losses, the long‐term accumulation dynamics of soil C stocks during subsequent stand development is controlled by biological processes related to the balance of net primary production (NPP) and outputs via heterotrophic respiration and leaching, many of which remain poorly understood. We review the biological processes suggested to influence soil C accumulation in boreal forests. Our review indicates that median C accumulation rates following wildfire and clear‐cutting are similar (0.15 and 0.20 Mg ha−1 year−1, respectively), however, variation between studies is extremely high. Further, while many individual studies show linear increases in soil C stocks through time after disturbance, there are indications that C stock recovery is fastest early to mid‐succession (e.g. 15–80 years) and then slows as forests mature (e.g. >100 years). We indicate that the rapid build‐up of soil C in younger stands appears not only driven by higher plant production, but also by a high rate of mycorrhizal hyphal production, and mycorrhizal suppression of saprotrophs. As stands mature, the balance between reductions in plant and mycorrhizal production, increasing plant litter recalcitrance, and ectomycorrhizal decomposers and saprotrophs have been highlighted as key controls on soil C accumulation rates. While some of these controls appear well understood (e.g. temporal patterns in NPP, changes in aboveground litter quality), many others remain research frontiers. Notably, very little data exists describing and comparing successional patterns of root production, mycorrhizal functional traits, mycorrhizal‐saprotroph interactions, or C outputs via heterotrophic respiration and dissolved organic C following different disturbances. We argue that these less frequently described controls require attention, as they will be key not only for understanding ecosystem C balances, but also for representing these dynamics more accurately in soil organic C and Earth system models.
Investigating the causal association between systemic lupus erythematosus and migraine using Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Xu Danfeng , Wu Bing
Published: April 2024

Objective

To assess whether systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may be genetically causally associated with migraine, including the two primary subtypes: migraine with aura (MWA) and migraine without aura (MWoA).

Background

The association between SLE and migraine has been investigated extensively. Previous studies have shown a higher prevalence of migraine in patients with SLE, although the exact relationship remains unclear. This study investigated the potential causal association between SLE and migraine using the powerful analytical tool of Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods

We performed two‐sample MR analysis of publicly available summary statistic datasets using inverse variance‐weighted (IVW), weighted median, and MR‐Egger methods based on an SLE genome‐wide association study (GWAS; 5201 cases; 9066 controls; the exposure frequency is 36.5%) as an exposure and migraine GWAS (15,905 cases; 264,662 controls) in individuals with European ancestry as outcomes, focusing on the two migraine subtypes MWA (6780 cases; 264,662 controls) and MWoA (5787 cases; 264,662 controls). Thepleiotropy and heterogeneity were performed.

Results

We selected 42 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms from SLE GWAS as instrumental variables (IVs) for SLE on migraine, and 41 SNP IVs for SLE on MWA or MWoA. The IVW (odds ratio [OR] = 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.99, 1.03], p = 0.271), weighted median (OR = 1.00, 95% CI = [0.97, 1.03], p = 0.914), and MR‐Egger (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = [0.99, 1.09], p = 0.153) methods showed no causal effect of SLE on migraine. A causal effect of SLE was observed on MWA (IVW: OR = 1.05, 95% CI = [1.02, 1.08], p = 0.001; weighted median: OR = 1.05, 95% CI = [1.01, 1.10], p = 0.018; MR‐Egger: OR = 1.07, 95% CI = [1.01, 1.14], p = 0.035 and pIVW < 0.017 [Bonferroni correction]) but not MWoA (IVW: OR = 0.99, 95% CI = [0.96, 1.02], p = 0.331; weighted median: OR = 0.98, 95% CI = [0.94, 1.03], p = 0.496; MR‐Egger: OR = 1.02, 95% CI = [0.95, 1.09], p = 0.652). The results showed no significant pleiotropy or heterogeneity.

Conclusion

Our MR analysis demonstrated the complex relationship between SLE and migraine, suggesting a potential effect of SLE on the risk of MWA but not MWoA. These findings can aid in the development of improved subtype‐specific management of migraine in patients with SLE.
The historical development and current landscape of health library standards: A critical review
Authors: De‐la‐Mano Marta
Published: April 2024

Background

Since the emergence of the first health library standards, a large body of literature has been published in this field, most often focusing on a particular standard, or set of standards. In the case of literature reviews, they have been usually partial and integrated into a broader study.

Objective

Identify and analyse national health library standards developed in different countries worldwide over the past 70 years, tracing their historical development and current status.

Method

A comprehensive search of published literature was conducted in Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, LISA, and Google Scholar up to May 2023. The reference lists and citations of retrieved papers were reviewed. After screening and eligibility, a total of 112 papers were included in the final selection.

Results

More than 40 national hospital library standards published by a group of Anglo‐Saxon and European countries were identified. In a chronological approach, the standards have been arranged by decades, from the 1950s to the present day, and the context of their appearance, their main contributions, and the relationships between them have been analysed. The major trends that have marked their evolution and development over time have also been established.

Conclusion

Standards have a key role to play in the important challenge facing health libraries today to demonstrate the high impact and value of their services in the functioning of their organisations and in improving patient care.
Mistreatment of nurses by patients and its impact on their caring behaviors: The roles of psychological detachment and supervisor positive gossip
Authors: Zoromba Mohamed A. , Abousoliman Ali D. , Zakaria Abeer Mohamed , El‐Monshed Ahmed Hashem , El‐Gazar Heba E.
Published: April 2024

Background

Mistreatment by patients is a detrimental phenomenon predominant in healthcare organizations. However, there is a lack of nursing literature regarding the underlying mechanisms and boundary conditions that exist between mistreatment by patients and its detrimental consequences.

Aim

By integrating the Job Demands–Resources Model and the Conservation of Resources Theory, the study aimed to unveil the mediating role of psychological detachment from work in the relationship between mistreatment by patients and nurses' caring behaviors, as well as the moderating effect of supervisor positive gossip.

Methods

This multicenter, cross‐sectional study involved 341 nurses from five hospitals across two cities in Egypt. Data were collected using an introductory information form, the Mistreatment by Patients Scale, the Psychological Detachment Scale, the Caring Behaviors Scale, and the Supervisor Positive Gossip Scale. The study's hypotheses were tested using the PROCESS macro.

Results

The results showed that mistreatment by patients was negatively related to nurses' caring behaviors via an increased psychological detachment. Further, higher levels of supervisor positive gossip were shown to weaken the direct effect of mistreatment by patients in increasing nurses' psychological detachment, as well as the indirect negative effect of mistreatment by patients on nurses' caring behaviors via psychological detachment.

Conclusions

Mistreatment by patients contributes to nurses' psychological detachment and decreased caring behaviors; however, these negative outcomes can be mitigated by supervisor positive gossip.

Implication for nursing policymaking

Nursing managers should adopt strategies to deter the rise of mistreatment by patients, and utilize positive gossip to support nurses exposed to such mistreatment to alleviate its consequences.
Impact of clinical pathway implementation satisfaction, work engagement, and hospital–patient relationship on quality of care in Chinese nurses
Authors: Li Junlong , Xiang Lijia , Li Qin , Liu Jie , Pan Jay
Published: April 2024

Aims

This study aimed to investigate how clinical pathway implementation satisfaction, work engagement, and hospital–patient relationship impact the quality of care that is provided by nurses in public hospitals.

Background

Clinical pathways are recommended as a form of quality improvement by broader healthcare systems and are widely used in the world. Nurses are the most involved group of healthcare professionals in the implementation of clinical pathways in public hospitals. So, it is important to investigate how their satisfaction with the process affects the quality of care they provide and influencing factors.

Methods

This descriptive cross‐sectional study surveyed nurses practicing across seven tertiary public hospitals in Sichuan Province, China, online. The survey consisted of a questionnaire for the general characteristics of the participants and four Chinese maturity scales validated by previous studies: clinical pathway implementation satisfaction scale, work engagement scale, hospital–patient relationship perception scale, and quality of care scale. The bootstrap method was used to test a moderated mediation model using Hayes' PROCESS macro models 4 and 8. We followed STROBE guidelines to prepare the study report.

Results

A total of 880 nurses filled out the questionnaires, 821 of which were regarded as valid. Clinical pathway implementation satisfaction had a positive effect on quality of care (B = 0.873, P < 0.001). Work engagement played a mediation role between nurses' clinical pathway implementation satisfaction and the quality of care (effect = 0.080, Boot 95% CI = [0.023, 0.142]). This mediation model was moderated by the hospital–patient relationship (P < 0.01).

Conclusion

Clinical pathway implementation satisfaction may enhance the quality of care by work engagement of nurses. Moreover, a good hospital–patient relationship can enhance the positive impact of nurses' satisfaction on work engagement and health service quality.

Implications for nursing and nursing policy

Public hospital managers need to pay attention to nurses' evaluation of and perceptions toward clinical pathway implementation and then take corresponding measures to improve their satisfaction to enhance the quality of care. At the same time, the government, society, and hospitals also need to foster good hospital–patient relationships to ensure that nurses have a high level of work engagement that aids in providing high‐quality care services.
Basic income as a pandemic social protection instrument: Lessons from Maricá, Brazil
Authors: De Wispelaere Jurgen , Morales Leticia , Waltenberg Fabio
Published: April 2024

This article explores the connection between two related but distinct models of basic income proposals in the context of a pandemic emergency. While COVID‐19 appears to have increased interest in basic income, this often ended up taking the form of a temporary emergency basic income (EBI) instead of a permanent universal basic income (UBI). In this article we argue that the “dial up/dial down” model of basic income allows us to link EBI and UBI in a way that offers both a practical response to important implementation challenges in emergency policy making and a strategic argument in favour of UBI as a pandemic policy instrument. We illustrate our argument by contrasting the Renda Básica de Cidadania (RBC) in the municipality of Maricá, Brazil, with two comparable programmes in the same region.
What role for emergency basic income in building and strengthening rights‐based universal social protection systems?
Authors: Orton Ian , Markov Kroum , Plaza‐Stern Maya
Published: April 2024

During the COVID‐19 pandemic there were a great many social protection policy responses. There were also calls for emergency basic income (EBI) to be adopted as a mitigation response. However, it seems that only one country adopted an EBI. Nonetheless, EBI is likely to feature in future policy discussion and action, especially as a crisis‐mitigation tool. This has implications for the future of rights‐based social protection. Consequently, this article aims to examine whether EBI would comply with international social security standards and whether it could contribute to building and strengthening rights‐based universal social protection systems.
Drugs associated with epidermal necrolysis in children: A World Health Organization pharmacovigilance database analysis
Authors: Bataille Pauline , Lebrun‐Vignes Benedicte , Bettuzzi Thomas , Ingen‐Housz‐Oro Saskia , Hadj‐Rabia Smail , Welfringer‐Morin Anne , Bodemer Christine
Published: April 2024

Background

Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are rare life‐threatening mucocutaneous reactions most often induced by drugs. To date, no large pharmacovigilance study has been conducted in the paediatric population.

Objectives

To describe the spectrum of drugs associated with SJS‐TEN in children through the analysis of cases reported in the WHO pharmacovigilance database (VigiBase).

Methods

Disproportionality study using data from VigiBase. All paediatric (age under 18 years) cases reported between January 1, 1967, and July 6, 2022, were included. For each molecule, a case–non‐case study was performed to assess a potential pharmacovigilance signal by computing the lower end of the 95% credibility interval for the information component (IC025). We performed sensitivity analyses, (i) taking into account only cases reported by physicians and (ii) taking into account only cases reported in the last 10 years.

Results

Among 31,376,783 adverse drug reactions reported in VigiBase, 2,248,727 were paediatric cases and 7342 were encoded as paediatric SJS‐TEN. Significant statistical pharmacovigilance signals were observed for 165 drugs. The two most represented drug classes were antiepileptics and anti‐infectious drugs. The five drugs with the highest IC025 were lamotrigine (IC025 4.99), carbamazepine (IC025 4.88), phenobarbital (IC025 4.67), phenytoin (IC025 4.52) and nimesulide (IC025 4.23). Acetaminophen was significantly associated with paediatric SJS‐TEN (IC025 2.85) and we also described various new suspected drugs. Vaccines had no significant pharmacovigilance signal. These results were confirmed with the sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions

This study updates the spectrum of drugs potentially associated with paediatric SJS‐TEN.
Monitoring strategies during the establishment phase of Aethina tumida on Oahu, Hawaii
Authors: Villalobos E. M. , Nikaido S. , Ito T. , Wong J.
Published: April 2024

The small hive beetle Aethina tumida (SHB) Murray,1867, is an invasive bee pest that is expanding its range across Latin America, parts of Australia and the Philippines, and is now established in two regions in Italy. However, despite multiple recent introductions, there is scant information about the dynamics of the initial stages of colonization of the SHB and this knowledge gap could impact management and quarantine strategies decisions for many countries. This note describes the monitoring strategies and the patterns of SHB establishment in a previously SHB‐free apiary on the island of Oahu, Hawaii in 2010–2011. The weekly hive inspections, conducted over a ten‐month period, showed that beetle prevalence increased slowly at the apiary level, and adult beetles were more commonly found (87.9%) inside the oil traps that were placed inside the hives between the outermost frames of the hive. There were relatively few “free roaming” beetles detected at this point and they were more often found on the side frames and underneath the cover of the hive, not on the floor of the hive. The results also suggest that in the early stages of colonization careful visual inspections of the frames of each colony had relatively low detection success when compared to oil traps. Our results support previous modelling studies that suggest the need to inspect a high proportion of colonies per apiary (>80%) to ensure a 5% detection rate during the initial stages of invasion.
Derailment in adolescence: Factor analytic structure and correlates
Authors: Ratner Kaylin , Zhu Gaoxia , Li Qingyi , Rice Marissa , Estevez Melody , Burrow Anthony L.
Published: April 2024

Derailment is the sense of being “off‐course” in life. But what could this mean for adolescents, who are often establishing identity and self‐direction for the first time? We examined the structure and correlates of the Derailment Scale and its short form, the Derailment Scale‐6 (DS‐6), among middle‐to‐late adolescents (N = 452). Both scales exhibited unidimensionality, but the DS‐6 demonstrated superior fit and correlated with cross‐sectional distress markers (e.g., greater depression, lower life satisfaction, strained sense of purpose). Breaking from adult‐based research, we failed to find evidence that derailment related to adolescent identity exploration and commitment. In extending assessment of derailment to adolescence, this study invites exploration of this experience during a time characterized by substantial transition and the emergence of stable self‐views.
Industrial and academic approaches to the search for alternative melatonin receptor ligands: An historical survey
Authors: Bedini Annalida , Boutin Jean A. , Legros Céline , Zlotos Darius P. , Spadoni Gilberto
Published: April 2024

The search for melatonin receptor agonists formed the main part of melatonin medicinal chemistry programs for the last three decades. In this short review, we summarize the two main aspects of these programs: the development of all the necessary tools to characterize the newly synthesized ligands at the two melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2, and the medicinal chemist's approaches to find chemically diverse ligands at these receptors. Both strategies are described. It turns out that the main source of tools were industrial laboratories, while the medicinal chemistry was mainly carried out in academia. Such complete accounts are interesting, as they delineate the spirits in which the teams were working demonstrating their strength and innovative character. Most of the programs were focused on nonselective agonists and few of them reached the market. In contrast, discovery of MT1‐selective agonists and melatonergic antagonists with proven in vivo activity and MT1 or MT2‐selectivity is still in its infancy, despite the considerable interest that subtype selective compounds may bring in the domain, as the physiological respective roles of the two subtypes of melatonin receptors, is still poorly understood. Poly‐pharmacology applications and multitarget ligands have also been considered.