bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INVERS DARI MATRIKS SIRKULAN SIMETRIS ATAS SKEW FIELD
Authors: Azizah Azizah , Thresye Thresye , Huda Nurul
Published: September 2020

Matriks adalah suatu susunan bilangan-bilangan atau disebut entri-entri yang disusun teratur berdasarkan baris dan kolom. Ada beberapa jenis matriks, diantaranya yaitu matriks simetris dan matriks sirkulan. Konsep dari suatu matriks sangat berguna dalam menyelesaikan beberapa permasalahan pada ilmu matematika. Salah satu masalah yang paling umum dalam matematika adalah menyelesaikan sistem persamaan linier. Penyelesaian permasalahan sistem persamaan linier dapat diselesaikan dengan menggunakan invers matriks. Setiap matriks yang nonsingular mempunyai invers. Begitu halnya dengan suatu matriks A sirkulan simetris juga mempunyai invers, yaitu matriks B, sehingga memenuhi sifat 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴= 𝐵 𝐵 =𝐼𝐼. Invers dari suatu matriks bergantung pada determinan dari matriks tersebut. Sedangkan determinan suatu matriks bergantung pada entri-entri matriks tersebut. Karena entri-entri matriks A dan B merupakan elemen dari skew field maka belum tentu berlaku 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴=𝐵 𝐵 , sehingga jika 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴=𝐼𝐼 maka belum tentu berlaku 𝐵 𝐵 =𝐼𝐼. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan invers dari matriks sirkulan simetris atas skew field. Metode yang digunakan bersifat studi literatur yang berkaitan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah setiap matriks sirkulan simetris atas skew field memiliki invers sehingga berlaku 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴=𝐵 𝐵 =𝐼𝐼.
PENENTUAN PREMI TUNGGAL PADA ASURANSI BERJANGKA CONTINGENT
Authors: Sari Wuri Setyana , Yulida, Yuni , Lestia Aprida Siska
Published: September 2020

PENENTUAN PREMI TUNGGAL PADA ASURANSIAsuransi jiwa dapat diartikan sebagai perjanjian dimana tertanggung membayar premi kepada penanggung dan penanggung akan memberikan santunan jika tertanggung meninggal dunia. Dalam asuransi, tertanggung dapat membayarkan sejumlah uang kepada penanggung dengan menggunakan premi tunggal dimana pembayaran tersebut hanya dilakukan selama satu kali di awal perjanjian.Salah satu bagian asuransi jiwa joint life adalah asuransi jiwa contingent, yaitu jenis asuransi yang memberikan santunan dengan mengaitkan urutan kematian. Jika tertanggung mengikuti asuransi selama n tahun dan mengaitkan urutan kematian dalam menerima santunan maka jenis asuransi yang digunakan yaitu asuransi berjangka contingent. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membentuk rumusan premi tunggal pada asuransi jiwa berjangka contingent. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode studi literatur. Hasil penelitian iniadalah terbentuknya rumusan premi tunggal bersih pada beberapa kasus asuransi berjangka contingent yaitu untuk dua tertanggung dan tiga tertanggung. Selanjutkanya diberikan ilustrasi pada kedua kasus.
SIFAT KEPRIMAAN MODUL SEDERHANA CHEN UNTUK GRAF 𝐴∞
Authors: Risnawita Risnawita , Irawati Irawati , Alamsyah Intan Muchtadi
Published: September 2020

Let 𝐾𝐾 be a field, 𝐸𝐸 is a directed graph. Let 𝐴𝐴~ is a directed line graph. Suppose that 𝑉𝑉[𝑝𝑝] is a class of Chen simple module for the Leavitt path algebra (𝐿𝐿𝐾𝐾 (𝐸𝐸)), with [p] being equivalent classes containing an infinite path. An infinite path p is an infinite sequence from the sides of a graph. In this paper it will be shown that 𝑉𝑉[𝑝𝑝]is not a prime module of the Leavitt path algebra for graph 𝐴𝐴∞ .Keywords : Leavitt path algebra, Graph 𝐴𝐴~, Chen simple modules, Prime modules
KLASIFIKASI PEMILIHAN PROGRAM STUDI DI FAKULTAS MIPA UNIVERSITAS LAMBUNG MANGKURAT MENGGUNAKAN REGRESI LOGISTIK MULTINOMIAL
Authors: Dewi Silvi Risaria , Salam Nur , Susanti Dewi Sri
Published: September 2020

Pengklasifikasian merupakan salah satu metode statistik dalam mengelompokkan suatu data yang disusun secara sistematis. Pengklasifikasian sering dijumpai dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, contohnya pengklasifikasian data pada bidang akademik, pada bidang sosial, pada bidang ekonomi dan pada bidang lainnya. Salah satu alat statistika untuk klasifikasi adalah model Regresi Logistik Multinomial. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menerapkan metode Regresi Logistik multinomial untuk mengetahui kesesuaian pemilihan program studi pada mahasiswa FMIPA Universitas Lambung Mangkurat dengan variabel yang berpengaruh adalah Nilai UN Mahasiswa pada saat di Sekolah Menengah, Nilai Semester 1 Mahasiswa, Asal Sekolah dan Asal Daerah Mahasiswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan bersifat studi literatur dan menguji data Mahasiswa Fakultas MIPA Universitas Lambung Mangkurat angkatan 2011-2014. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah metode Regresi Logistik Multinomial dapat digunakan untuk klasifikasi kesesuaian dalam memilih program studi. Pada tingkat kepercayaan 90% dari 10 (sepuluh) variabel bebas yang digunakan terdapat 5 (lima) variabel yang mampu menjadi faktor yang berpengaruh yaitu Nilai Kalkulus 1, Nilai Biologi Umum, Nilai Fisika Dasar, Nilai Kimia Dasar dan Asal Sekolah Mahasiswa dan Pada tingkat kepercayaan 95% terdapat 3 (tiga) variabel yang mampu menjadi faktor yang berpengaruh yaitu Nilai Kalkulus 1, Nilai Biologi Umum dan Nilai Kimia Dasar. Kesesuaian Pemilihan Program Studi yang tertinggi terdapat pada Program Studi Fisika yaitu sebanyak 70% dan yang terendah terdapat pada Program Studi Biologi yaitu sebanyak 34,4%.Kata kunci: Klasifikasi, Regresi Logistik Multinomial, Program Studi
PENGINTEGRALAN MENGGUNAKAN ATURAN SIMPSON UNTUK INTERVAL TITIK YANG TIDAK SAMA
Authors: Fitriani Fitriani , Yusuf Akhmad
Published: September 2020

Secara umum, formula untuk pengintegralan numerik didasarkan pada interval titik yang sama. Tetapi pada kenyataannya kadang-kadang dihadapkan pada persoalan pengintegral suatu fungsi dengan interval yang tidak sama. Salah satu metode untuk menghitung integral pada interval titik yang tidak sama adalah aturan Simpson. Berdsarkan hal ini, penelitian ini bertujuan membentuk rumus umum pengintegralan numerik untuk interval titik yang tidak sama dan persamaan aturan Simpson dengan menggunakan rumus interpolasi newton dengan selisih terbagi, serta error untuk interval titik yang tidak sama dengan mengintegralkan deret taylor. Hasil dari penelitian ini didapatkan rumus umum pengintegralan numerik untuk interval titik yang tidak sama, rumus umum aturan Simpson satu per tiga, rumus umum aturan Simpson tiga per delapan, dan error aturan Simpson masing-masing.Kata Kunci : Pengintegralan Numerik, Aturan Simpson Satu Per Tiga, Aturan Simpson Tiga Per Delapan, Error.
Possible Cross-Reactivity Between SARS-CoV-2 Proteins, CRM197 and Proteins in Pneumococcal Vaccines May Protect Against Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Disease and Death
Authors: Root-Bernstein Robert
Published: September 2020

Various studies indicate that vaccination, especially with pneumococcal vaccines, protects against symptomatic cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection and death. This paper explores the possibility that pneumococcal vaccines in particular, but perhaps other vaccines as well, contain antigens that might be cross-reactive with SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Comparison of the glycosylation structures of SARS-CoV-2 with the polysaccharide structures of pneumococcal vaccines yielded no obvious similarities. However, while pneumococcal vaccines are primarily composed of capsular polysaccharides, some are conjugated to CRM197, a modified diphtheria toxin, and all contain about three percent protein contaminants, including the pneumococcal surface proteins PsaA, PspA and probably PspC. All of these proteins have very high degrees of similarity, using very stringent criteria, with several SARS-CoV-2 proteins including the spike protein, membrane protein and replicase 1a. CRM197 is also present in Hib and meningitis vaccines. Equivalent similarities were found at lower rates, or were completely absent, among the proteins in diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, measles, mumps, rubella, and poliovirus vaccines. Notably, PspA and PspC are highly antigenic and new pneumococcal vaccines based on them are currently in human clinical trials so that their effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 disease is easily testable.
Evidence of a Possible Double Hybrid Origin for Two Malagasy Species of Piper L. (Piperaceae)
Authors: Palchetti Enrico , Gori Massimo , Biricolti Stefano , Calamai Alessandro , Bini Lorenzo , Falsini Sara , Corti Emilio , Papini Alessio
Published: September 2020

two new species of genus Piper L. from Madagascar: Piper malgassicum and Piper tsarasotrae, were analyzed to investigate their phylogenetic position and evolutionary history. Both plastidial and nuclear markers were used for sequencing. The plastidial markers (ndhF and the trnL intron) showed a close relationship between the two species with respect to the other species of Piper. Both species appeared phylogenetically related to the African P. guineense and the Malagasian/Mascarenhas endemic P. borbonense. The nuclear marker (G3PDH) amplification produced two separate sets of sequences: “long” sequences, that could be easily translated into an amino acid chain, and “short” sequences, characterized by deletions that did not allowed to translate them correctly to an amino acid sequence. Analyzing together the nuclear sequences, we observed that the “long” sequence of P. tsarasotrae had a stricter relationship to the African accessions of P. guineense, while the accession of P. malgassicum was more strictly related to P. borbonense. On the contrary both “short” sequences of Piper malgassicum and Piper tsaratsotrae resulted phylogenetically related to Asian accessions and more distantly related to the formerly cited species. This unexpected result was tentatively explained with a more ancient hybridization event between an ancestor of P. malgassicum and P. tsarasotrae (and possibly P. borbonense) and an Asian species of Piper. The Asian contribution would have produced the ancestors of the “short” sequences that would eventually have lost functionality by deletions, becoming paralogs. A more recent hybridization event would have led to the separation of Piper malgassicum from Piper tsarasotrae with an African pollen-derived genome contribution from P. guineense or, more probably, an ancestor thereof, to an ancestor of P. tsarasotrae. The chromosome numbers of P. tsarasotrae (2n = about 38) and P. malgassicum (2n = about 46), were more like the Asian species than to the American species. Unfortunately, no chromosome number of the African species P. guineense is currently available, to analyze eventual chromosomal connections.
Review: Plant Eco-Evolutionary Responses to Climate Change: Emerging Directions
Authors: Hamann Elena , Denney Derek , Day Samantha , Lombardi Elizabeth , Jameel M. Inam , MacTavish Rachel , Anderson Jill
Published: September 2020

Contemporary climate change is exposing plant populations to novel combinations of temperatures, drought stress, [CO2] and other abiotic and biotic conditions. These changes are rapidly disrupting the evolutionary dynamics of plants. Despite the multifactorial nature of climate change, most studies typically manipulate only one climatic factor. In this opinion piece, we seek to explore how climate change factors interact with each other and with biotic pressures to alter evolutionary processes. We first explore the ramifications of climate change for key life history stages (germination, growth and reproduction). We then examine how mating system variation influences population persistence under rapid environmental change and propose that mixed mating could be advantageous in future climates. Furthermore, we discuss how spatial and temporal mismatches between plants and their mutualists and antagonists could promote or constrain adaptive responses to climate change. For example, plant-virus interactions vary from highly pathogenic to mildly facilitative, and are partly mediated by temperature, moisture availability and [CO2]. Will host plants exposed to novel, stressful abiotic conditions be more susceptible to viral pathogens? Finally, we propose novel experimental approaches that could illuminate how plants will cope with unprecedented global change, such as resurrection studies combined with experimental evolution, genomics or epigenetics.
Calibration of Design Fatigue Factors for Offshore Wind Turbine Support Structure Based on Fatigue Test Database
Authors: Zhao Wangwen , Hsu Wei-Ting
Published: September 2020

The concept of Design Fatigue Factors (DFFs) was introduced for providing desired level of safety in structural fatigue design, often associated with damage calculated from S-N curves. Calculation of fatigue damage from S-N curves can be affected by multiple factors, e.g. types of weld class, corrosion condition, loading conditions, stress concentration on different geometries etc. Each of them can be subject to different level of uncertainties. This study intends to recalibrate the DFFs from a detailed reliability analysis by investigating the probabilistic models derived from the database of S-N curves that has been most frequently used in offshore wind industry. The results of such study indicate that the DFFs can be reduced substantially for the corrosive environmental fatigue models from current standards to the same level of target reliability.
Baseline of Carbon Stocks in Pinus radiata and Eucalyptus spp. Plantations of Chile
Authors: Olmedo Guillermo Federico , Guevara Mario , Gilabert Horacio , Montes Cristian R. , Arellano Eduardo C. , Barría-Knopf Beatriz , Gárate Francisco , Mena-Quijada Pablo , Acuña Eduardo , Bown Horacio E. , Ryan Michael G.
Published: September 2020

Forest plantations have a large potential for carbon sequestration, playing an important role in the global carbon cycle. However, despite the huge amount of research carried out worldwide, the absolute contribution of industrial forest plantations is still incomplete for some parts of the world. To contribute to bridge this gap, we calculated the amount of C stock in three fast growing forest species in Chile. Relevant C pools (above-ground and below-ground biomass, forest floor, and soil) were considered for this analysis. Across the industrial plantation forests of Chile, carbon accumulated in the above-ground biomass was 181–212 Mg · ha−1 for Pinus radiata, 147–180 Mg · ha−1 for Eucalyptus nitens, and 95–117 Mg · ha−1 for Eucalyptus globulus (age 20–24 years for P.radiata and 10–14 years for Eucalyptus). Our results agree with other studies showing that 30%–50% of the total C stock is stored in the soil. Total C stocks were for 343 Mg · ha−1 for P.radiata, 352 Mg · ha−1 for E.nitens, and 254 Mg · ha−1 for E. gloubulus, also at the end of a typical rotation. The carbon pool in the forest floor was found to be significantly lower (less than 4% of the total) when compared to the other pools and showed large spatial variability. We conclude that industrial forest plantations are a valuable tool to reduce atmospheric CO2 and mitigate climate change. Given the contribution of soils to total carbon stocks, special attention should be paid to forest management activities that affect the soil organic carbon pool.
Clinical Leadership and Management Perceptions of Inpatients with Obesity: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Authors: Hitch Danielle , Pazsa Fiona , Qvist Alison
Published: September 2020

While obesity is recognized as a key global public health issue, there has been no research to date on the perceptions of care for people with this condition held by individuals in positions of organizational power. The aim of this study was therefore to describe the perceptions and experiences of clinical leaders and managers of providing care to inpatients with obesity at a metropolitan public health service. This study applied an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) approach to qualitative research, conducting interviews with 17 participants. Their perceptions of care for inpatients with obesity encompassed both their personal understanding as an individual, and their observations about the organizational, patient and carer perspectives. Three overall themes were identified: 1) The problem of inpatients with obesity, 2) Inpatients with obesity as sources of risk and 3) Personal and professional perceptions of inpatients with obesity. While clinical leaders and managers were aware of potential impact of stigma and weight bias on the care given to this cohort, elements of implicit bias, stereotyping, ‘othering’ and ambivalence were frequently present in the data. Ongoing efforts to improve care for patients with obesity must therefore include efforts to address perceptions and attitudes at all organisational levels of the workforce.
Systematic Surveys of Iron Homeostasis Mechanisms reveal Ferritin Superfamily and Nucleotide Surveillance Regulation to be Modified by PINK1 Absence
Authors: Key Jana , Sen Nesli Ece , Arsovic Aleksandar , Krämer Stella , Hülse Robert , Khan Natasha Nadeem , Meierhofer David , Gispert Suzana , Koepf Gabriele , Auburger Georg
Published: September 2020

Iron deprivation activates mitophagy and extends lifespan in nematodes. In patients suffering from Parkinson’s disease (PD), PINK1-PRKN mutations via deficient mitophagy trigger iron accumulation and reduce lifespan. To evaluate molecular effects of iron chelator drugs as a potential PD therapy, we assessed fibroblasts by global proteome profiles and targeted transcript analyses. In mouse cells, iron shortage decreased protein abundance for iron-binding nucleotide metabolism enzymes (prominently XDH and ferritin homolog RRM2). It also decreased the expression of factors with a role for nucleotide surveillance, which associate with iron-sulfur-clusters (ISC), and are important for growth and survival. This widespread effect included prominently Nthl1-Ppat-Bdh2, but also mitochondrial Glrx5-Nfu1-Bola1, cytosolic Aco1-Abce1-Tyw5, and nuclear Dna2-Elp3-Pold1-Prim2. Incidentally, upregulated Pink1-Prkn levels explained mitophagy induction, the downregulated expression of Slc25a28 suggested it to function in iron export. The impact of PINK1 mutations in mouse and patient cells was pronounced only after iron overload, causing hyperreactive expression of ribosomal surveillance factor Abce1 and of ferritin, despite ferritin translation being repressed by IRP1. This misregulation might be explained by the deficiency of the ISC-biogenesis factor GLRX5. Our systematic survey suggests mitochondrial ISC-biogenesis and post-transcriptional iron regulation to be important in the decision, whether organisms undergo PD pathogenesis or healthy aging.
Sound Field Properties of Non-cavitating Marine Propeller
Authors: Wang Youjiang , Göttsche Ulf , Abdel-Maksoud Moustafa
Published: September 2020

The sound field properties for non-cavitating marine propellers are studied using FW-H (Ffowcs William-Hawkings) acoustic analogy and BEM (Boundary Element Method) approach. For the first time, the FW-H formula to calculate acoustic pressure generated by the propeller wake sheet is proposed. The corresponding sound signal can be dominant up to several kilometres. Secondly, non-physical fictitious volume flux is observed when the permeable FW-H approach is used together with BEM. The reason is explained and a virtual source correction method is proposed to solve this problem. Furthermore, analytical analyse show that the second thickness term and the first two loading terms in Farassat 1A formula are important, and the others are negligible. The numerical studies show that the permeable FW-H approach produces underestimation when compared to the direct FW-H method, and the underestimation is severer for larger permeable surface and higher frequency. It is also found that the first loading term in Farassat 1A formula is the dominant source term in the direct FW-H method, while the first thickness term is dominant when the permeable FW-H approach is used.
Overview on Diversity and Microbiological Safety of Brazilian Artisanal Cheeses
Authors: Pineda Ana Paulina Arellano , Campos Gabriela Zampieri , Pimentel-Filho Natan de Jesus , Franco Bernadette Dora Gombossi de Melo , Pinto Uelinton Manoel
Published: September 2020

Artisanal cheeses made with raw milk are highly appreciated products in Brazil. Most of these cheeses are produced in small properties across different production regions in the country, many of which have been granted a protected designation of origin. The most prominent state that manufactures these products is Minas Gerais, but production is also gaining strength in other Brazilian states. This text presents an overview of the many types of artisanal cheeses produced in the country, grouped by geographical regions, and reviews the current challenges faced by producers and government considering the safety of these cheeses.
Real-Time Plant Health Assessment via implementing Cloud-Based Scalable Transfer Learning on A.W.S. DeepLens
Authors: Khan Asim , Nawaz Umair , Ulhaq Anwaar , Robinson Randall W.
Published: September 2020

In the Agriculture sector, control of plant leaf diseases is crucial as it influences the quality and production of plant species with an impact on the economy of any country. Therefore, automated identification and classification of plant leaf disease at an early stage is essential to reduce economic loss and to conserve the specific species. Previously, to detect and classify plant leaf disease, various Machine Learning models have been proposed; however, they lack usability due to hardware incompatibility, limited scalability and inefficiency in practical usage. Our proposed DeepLens Classification and Detection Model (D.C.D.M.) approach deal with such limitations by introducing automated detection and classification of the leaf diseases in fruits (apple, grapes, peach and strawberry) and vegetables (potato and tomato) via scalable transfer learning on A.W.S. SageMaker and importing it on A.W.S. DeepLens for real-time practical usability. Cloud integration provides scalability and ubiquitous access to our approach. Our experiments on extensive image data set of healthy and unhealthy leaves of fruits and vegetables showed an accuracy of 98.78% with a real-time diagnosis of plant leaves diseases. We used forty thousand images for the training of deep learning model and then evaluated it on ten thousand images. The process of testing an image for disease diagnosis and classification using A.W.S. DeepLens on average took 0.349s, providing disease information to the user in less than a second.
Understanding the Origin of the Regioselectivity in Non-polar [3+2] Cycloaddition Reactions through the Molecular Electron Density Theory
Authors: Domingo Luis , Ríos-Gutiérrez Mar , Castellanos Soriano Jorge
Published: September 2020

The regioselectivity in non-polar [3+2] cycloaddition (32CA) reactions has been studied within the Molecular Electron Density Theory (MEDT) at the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level. To this end, the 32CA reactions of nine simplest three-atom-components (TACs) with 2-methylpropane were selected. The electronic structure of the reagents has been characterised through the Electron Localisation Function (ELF) and the Conceptual DFT. The energy profiles of the two regioisomeric reaction paths and ELF of the transition state structures are studied to understand the origin of the regioselectivity in these 32CA reactions. This MEDT study permits to conclude that the least electronegative ends X1 atom of these TACs controls the asynchronicity in the C-X (X = C,N,O) single bond formation, and consequently, the regioselectivity. This behaviour is a consequence of the fact that the creation of the non-bonding electron density required for the formation of the new CX single bonds has a lesser energetic cost at the least electronegative X1 atom than that at the Z3 one.
Hertz Elastic Dynamics of Two Colliding Elastic Spheres
Authors: Sun Bohua
Published: September 2020

This paper revisits a classic problem in physics - Hertz elastic dynamics of two colliding elastic spheres. This study obtains impact period in terms of hypergeometric function and successfully combines Deresiewicz's three segmental solutions into one single solution. Our numerical investigation confirms that Deresiewicz's inversion is a good approximation. As an essential part of this study, a general Maple code is provided.
Perioperative pain management of the patient with morbid obesity in bariatric surgery. Clinical report and literature review
Authors: Syrchin E. Yu. , Lakhin Roman E. , Davletshina E. M. , Grazhdankin A. A.
Published: September 2020

Background. Anesthetic management of patients with morbid obesity during bariatric surgery presents a number of problems, including “difficult” vascular access, “difficult” airways, increased risk of aspiration, changes in the pharmacokinetics of anesthetics, and an increased risk of postoperative respiratory depression associated with opioids.

Methods. Case description Patient 32 years old, height 162 cm, body weight 200 kg (body mass index 76.2 kg/m²) underwent surgical treatment for morbid obesity (gastroentero bypass) using combined anesthesia (general anesthesia with desflurane combined with epidural analgesia ropivacaine 2 mg/ml).

Results. Ultrasound navigation was used to catheterize the peripheral vein and insert an epidural catheter. Also, due to the high risk of difficult airways (according to the MOSCOW TD scale — 4 points), the patient underwent fiberoptic orotracheal intubation with in consciousness with sedation by dexmedetomidine to level –1 on the Richmond excitation-sedation scale. Early activation of the patient was achieved by controlled anesthesia and multimodal analgesia in the postoperative period. Analgesia after surgery using prolonged epidural administration of 0.2 % ropivacaine at a rate of 4–8 ml/h, intravenous paracetamol 1 gram every 8 hours. 2 hours after the end of the operation, the patient sat down on the bed with her legs down and got up for the first time after 6 hours. On the second day, she was transferred to a specialized department with prolonged epidural analgesia, the duration of which was 72 hours. Complications were not observed in the postoperative period. The patient was discharged from the clinic on the eighth day after surgery in a satisfactory condition without active complaints.

Conclusion. In this clinical case, the chosen tactics of postoperative analgesia made it possible to achieve good analgesia, conduct early activation of the patient, and begin early rehabilitation procedures.
Anesthesia and intensive care for patients with COVID-19. Russian Federation of anesthesiologists and reanimatologists guidelines
Authors: Zabolotskikh Igor B. , Kirov M. Yu. , Lebedinskii K. M. , Protsenko D. N. , Avdeev S. N. , Andreenko A. A. , Arsentyev L. V. , Afonchikov V. S. , Afukov I. I. , Belkin A. A. , Boeva E. A. , Bulanov A. Yu. , Vasiliev Ya. I. , Vlasenko A. V. , Gorbachev V. I. , Grigor’ev E. V. , Grigor’ev S. V. , Gritsan A. I. , Eremenko A. A. , Ershov E. N. , Zamyatin M. N. , Kuzovlev A. N. , Kulikov A. V. , Lakhin R. E. , Leiderman I. N. , Lenkin A. I. , Mazurok V. A. , Musaeva T. S. , Nikolaenko E. M. , Orlov Yu. P. , Petrikov S. S. , Roitman E. V. , Ronenson A. M. , Smetkin A. A. , Sokolov A. A. , Stepanenko S. M. , Subbotin V. V. , Ushakova N. D. , Khoronenko V. E. , Tsarenko S. V. , Shifman E. M. , Shukevich D. L. , Shchegolev A. V. , Yaroshetskiy A. I. , Yarustovsky M. B.
Published: September 2020

The article provides the main statements of the guidelines for the anesthesia and intensive care of patients with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), developed by the Federation of Anesthesiologists and Reanimatologists of Russia. In the process of developing the recommendations, the publications of the official websites of the Russian Federation, the electronic databases of the RSCI, PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were analyzed by the developers independently of each other. The date of the last search query was June 29, 2020. To develop the Guidelines for the recommendations, were used documents that directly describing the features of the management of patients with coronavirus disease COVID-19 (guidelines and guidelines — 16; randomized clinical trials and Cochrane Reviews — 8; observational and comparative studies — 77; other documents, notes and comments — 54) and describing anesthetic and resuscitation support in the general population of patients. The provisions of the recommendations highlight the specifics of anesthesia, intensive care, resuscitation, manipulation, and prevention of the spread of COVID-19 in the implementation of these activities. Methods of protecting personnel from infection with COVID-19 during manipulations, anesthesia and intensive care are considered. The features of respiratory support, extracorporeal detoxification, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, thromboprophylaxis are described. The features of the management of pregnant women, children of different age, patients with concomitant diseases, issues of transportation of patients are considered.
Germination analysis in different substrates of Tabebuia cassinoides (Lam.) DC. of high restinga forest, Ubatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Paulichen Aline , Vieira Leandro Tavares Azevedo
Published: September 2020

Tabebuia cassinoides (Lam.) DC., popularly known as caixeta, is a well-known species for its timber harvesting. The species is dominant in flooded high restinga forest where we collected fruits and seeds from Núcleo Picinguaba, Serra do Mar State Park, Ubatuba, Brazil. The restinga, or sandy coastal forest, is a type of vegetation formed by sandy sediments from marine deposition. Thus, we asked whether the sand substrate would produce better germination indices than germitest paper or vermiculite due to its similarity to specie natural condition. We placed a total of 60 seeds in Gerboxes with duplicates of the three substrates. We placed each Gerbox with ten seeds randomly in the germination chamber at 30 oC, photoperiod of 12 h, and water at proper field capacity. We periodically evaluated the seeds and analyzed the germination percentage (%), germination speed index (GSI), and mean germination time (MGT). Our results showed that sand was the most favorable substrate for germination of caixeta seeds for at least 35 days, corroborating the initial hypothesis. We hope that our results can improve the sustainable management and conservation of the species.
Bioprospecting of Bacillus thuringiensis in the control of Aedes aegypti larvae
Authors: Soares Aline Souza , Costa Lara Teixeira Melo , Silva Cristina Almeida da , Santos Suetônio Fernandes dos , Aguiar Raimundo Wagner de Souza
Published: September 2020

Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) is the main vector of Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya, diseases that have attracted the attention of scientific society and the population in general, due to epidemiological outbreaks and numerous health hazards and the imminent risk of death. Much has been discussed about more efficient forms of control for this mosquito, considering that the chemical control, currently used, has been causing impacts on the environment and the health of the population. Thus, alternative methods have been evaluated. Among them, biological control through products formulated from Bacillus thuringiensis has stood out, as biotechnological advances have allowed to improve and enhance the products already on the market, as well as to develop new bioinsecticides from the entomopathogenic proteins produced by these microorganisms, aiming to make the larvae control more and more effective. To this end, this study aimed to carry out a bibliographic survey on the use of Bacillus thuringiensis as a form of biological control of Aedes aegypti larvae, due to the need to use safer and more effective methods of control for disease vector insects.
Eurhizococcus brasiliensis Wille, 1922 (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) molecular profile
Authors: Munhae Catarina de Bortoli , Martins Vanderlei Geraldo , Martins Cintia , Bueno Odair Correa
Published: September 2020

Eurhizococcus brasiliensis Wille, 1922 (Hemiptera: Margarodidae), also known as ground pearl, is a root cochineal found in viticultures in several Brazilian states. It causes economic losses and is difficult to control. Given the difficulty in morphologically identifying the group, the current study aims to trace the ground pearl molecular profile by assuming that there is more than one species of this cochineal in the country. Ground pearl samples were collected in Rio Grande do Sul (Flores da Cunha and Pinto Bandeira Counties), Santa Catarina (Videira and Pinheiro Preto Counties), São Paulo (São Roque, São Miguel Arcanjo, Louveira and Indaiatuba Counties) and Pernambuco States (Petrolina County). Subsequently, the COI, ITS and 28S genes as well as the 18 RAPD primers were analyzed. The COI and ITS gene primers were not successfully amplified. The 28S gene analysis formed two clades and the RAPD analysis formed three groups. The genetic and geographic distances among the herein analyzed samples were positive. Results allow inferring the existence of at least two ground pearl groups in the analyzed areas. Two hypotheses are presented in order to explain the cochineal groups' separation: (i) the founder effect action and (ii) the regional species independence. However, it is necessary to conduct complementary molecular studies using other genes as well as studies on the group taxonomy and basic biology to explain the ground pearl phylogeny.
Five year (2013-2017) trends in poisoning among patients of the Buea Regional Hospital, South-West Region (Cameroon)
Authors: Kenko Nkontcheu Daniel Brice , Ngameni Tchamadeu Norbert , Ngwe-Bell Marlyn-Uriel
Published: September 2020

Millions of people suffer from poisoning worldwide and some die because of complications. The aim of this study was to assess five-year trends in poisoning among patients referred to the Buea Regional Hospital. Data was collected from records in the Emergency Unit, in records from 01/01/2013 to 31/12/2017, using a form designed for the purpose. A total of 335 cases of poisoning were recorded. Twenty-nine (29) types of poisoning agents were recorded; the highest percentage was dog bite (23.28%), followed by food poisoning (18.81%). There was a temporal dynamic in poisoning as the year 2015 had the highest number of cases with percentage of 25.38% while the year 2014 had the lowest number of cases with a percentage of 13.44%. Moreover, the gender was not associated with poisoning as the percentage in males (50.15%) was not significantly (P > 0.05) different from the percentage in females (49.85%). Besides that, the gender did not determine poisoning circumstances (P > 0.05) even though more female were concerned with suicide attempts. Accidental poisoning was significantly (P < 0.001) more common (86.27%) than suicide attempts (13.73%). Based on the marital status, single patients were significantly (P < 0.001) more affected (65.97%) as compared to married ones (34.03%). Additionally, the frequency varied significantly (P > 0.001) in terms of patient's occupation with unemployed being the most affected group (63.28%) as compared to workers (36.72%). Based on ages, the age group (16-30 years) was the most affected (40.90%). Fortunately, the percentage of healed cases (97.91%) was significantly (P < 0.001) higher than the percentages of cases reported dead (2.09%); nevertheless, chronic signs such as immune suppression, cancer, mutation and reduction of reproductive capacities may appear many years later. Inevitably, more studies on poisoning should be made; this will raise the necessity to sensitize populations on poisoning and the need to create poison management centres.
The validity of floating chambers in quantifying CO2 flux from headwater streams
Authors: Rawitch M. J. , Macpherson G. L. , Brookfield A. E.
Published: September 2020

The amount of CO2 exiting headwater streams through degassing plays an important role in the global carbon cycle, yet quantification of CO2 degassing remains challenging because of the morphology of headwater streams and because of uncertainty about whether floating or suspended chambers provide valid measurements in moving water. We show that experiments using large and small floating chambers in flowing water over a moderate range of water velocities (0.13–0.23 m s−1) in a laboratory flume resulted in similar k600s to published field measurements with similar water velocities. We confirmed the flume experiments with paired stirred-still beaker experiments, where resulting k600s fell within the extrapolated trend of the flume experiments. We propose that the floating chambers can provide good estimates of CO2 degassing, particularly in shallow, low-velocity, morphologically complex headwater streams, permitting quantification of this important contributor to the global carbon cycle.
Sensitivity of contaminant spread to decay rate in water distribution systems with implications for the spread of emerging contaminants
Authors: Pilarski Danielle C. , Barkdoll Brian D.
Published: September 2020

‘Emerging contaminants’ are newly introduced into the environment through release into surface waters from wastewater treatment effluent, manufacturing, and agricultural use. How emerging contaminants move through water systems is unclear. Since the decay rates of emerging contaminants in piping systems have not been determined, this study determines the importance of decay rate on concentration throughout a distribution system and also determines how the system layout effects concentration. Systems were modeled to determine the time to peak contamination for a clean system becoming contaminated, as well as a contaminated system being cleaned of contamination. It was found that only emerging contaminants with second-order decay at the highest rate observed did not build up to high concentrations. The position of storage tanks in the distribution system affected the rate at which contaminants cleared the system, and systems with a branched layout could be cleared of contamination faster than systems containing loops.
Reclutamiento de corales escleractinios en sustrato artificial en isla Fuerte, Caribe colombiano
Authors: Pareja Ortega Sandra , Quan Young Lizette Irene , Londoño Mesa Mario Hernan , Acosta Moreno Luis Alberto
Published: September 2020

El reclutamiento coralino permite inferir sobre el estado de salud y la resiliencia del ecosistema arrecifal. El uso de sustratos artificiales in situ facilita evidenciar la llegada de nuevos individuos y/o repoblamiento de corales escleractinios al sistema. El arrecife El Inglés, en Isla Fuerte (Caribe colombiano), está expuesto a la influencia de los ríos Sinú y Magdalena. Allí se cuantificó el reclutamiento coralino en sustrato artificial, usando placas de terracota de 15x15 cm, a tres profundidades (4-6, 12-14, 22-24 m), con recambio cada dos meses durante un año. Así mismo, se recolectó el sedimento depositado en la superficie de las placas en cada muestreo. Se registraron 30 reclutas en total (1 a 6 reclutas por muestreo), encontrando diferencias entre la densidad de reclutas a través del tiempo, siendo mayor entre junio-agosto, coincidiendo con reducción en la cantidad de sedimento. No hubo diferencias en la densidad de reclutas por profundidad. La cantidad de sedimento presentó diferencias en el tiempo y con la profundidad. Solo en la zona profunda del arrecife se encontró una correlación inversa (r2= -0,34, p=0,04, n=36) entre la densidad de reclutas y la cantidad de sedimento, indicando que a mayor carga de sedimento menor densidad de reclutas. El reclutamiento coralino registrado fue menor, en comparación con otros arrecifes evaluados en el Caribe, lo cual sugiere su vulnerabilidad a la alta sedimentación proveniente del río Sinú, particularmente de limos+arcillas entre febrero-abril-junio. No obstante, el reclutamiento registrado sugiere que, especies adultas dominantes y sobrevivientes en el arrecife, como A. tenuifolia, P. astreoides, P. porites y S. siderea, mantienen su actividad reproductiva.
Variación anual de los parámetros hidrográficos en la confluencia del río Jamapa y arroyo Moreno (México)
Authors: Salas Monreal David , Díaz-Hernández Alejandro , Áke-Castillo José Antolín , Granados - Barba Alejandro , Riverón-Enzástiga Mayra Lorena
Published: September 2020

Datos semanales de la temperatura superficial de río, salinidad, oxígeno disuelto, nitrógeno total y Clorofila-a fueron usados para conocer las variaciones temporales de las condiciones ambientales del río Jamapa (Boca del Río, Veracruz, México), así como para identificar si existen condiciones no favorables para los seres vivos (hipoxia o concentraciones altas de nitrógeno total). Con los datos obtenidos desde septiembre del 2017 hasta noviembre del 2018 se puede observar que los valores de oxígeno fueron mayores durante la temporada de nortes, debido a la oxigenación producida por el intercambio atmosfera-océano y disminuye drásticamente durante la temporada de lluvias y secas. Esto no afecto los niveles registrados de clorofila-a que fueron casi constantes durante el periodo muestreado. En cambio la temperatura y la salinidad muestran un máximo de febrero (2017) a mayo (2018) y disminuyen cuando inicial la temporada de lluvias.
Extension of geographical distribution of three common species of diurnal butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) from the Colombian Caribbean
Authors: Ahumada-C. Daniela , Segovia-Paccini Alejandro , Ortega-Echeverría Candelaria , Andrade-C M. Gonzalo , Navas-S Gabriel R.
Published: September 2020

In this document we extend the geographical distribution for three common species of diurnal butterflies from the Colombian Caribbean region (Aides dysoni, Calpodes ethlius, and Anteos clorinde). The specimens were captured with an insect net in samplings conducted in the Arjona jurisdiction (Bolivar, Deparment) in 2015, between 8:00 and 16:00 hours. For each of them we provide important morphological characters for their recognition, and complement their distribution in the Neotropic.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN KARTU UNO SEBAGAI ALAT EVALUASI PEMBELAJARAN EKONOMI KELAS X DI SMA N 1 WATES
Authors: Larassati Latifah , Nurseto Tejo
Published: September 2020

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) mengembangkan media pembelajaran kartu uno sebagai alat evaluasi pembelajaran ekonomi kelas X; dan 2) mengetahui kelayakan media pembelajaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian pengembangan menggunakan model pengembangan ADDIE. Subjek penelitian ini adalah ahli media, ahli materi, praktisi pembelajaran dan peserta didik kelas X IPS 1 SMA N 1 Wates. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: 1) mengembangkan media pembelajaran kartu uno sebagai alat evaluasi pembelajaran melalui lima tahapan, yaitu tahap analisis, tahap desain, tahap pengembangan, tahap implementasi, dan tahap evaluasi; 2) Media pembelajaran Kartu Uno dinyatakan layak digunakan sebagai alat evaluasi pembelajaran ekonomi dan termasuk dalam kriteria sangat baik, berdasarkan dari: a) ahli materi memperoleh rata-rata skor akhir 3,82 (kriteria baik), b) ahli media memperoleh rata-rata skor akhir 4,325 (kriterwia sangat baik), c) praktisi pembelajaran memperoleh rata-rata skor akhir 4,818 (kriteria sangat baik), dan tanggapan peserta didik dari kelompok kecil memperoleh rata-rata skor akhir 4,552 (kriteria sangat baik) dan uji coba pemakaian memperoleh rata-rata skor 4,637 (kriteria sangat baik).Abstract: This study aims to: 1) develop uno card learning media as a learning tool for class X economic learning; and 2) learning the feasibility of learning media. This research uses the development research method using the ADDIE development model. The subjects of this study were media experts, material experts, learning and students of class X IPS 1 of SMA N 1 Wates. The results showed that: 1) developing card learning media as a learning evaluation tool through five stages, namely, analysis, design, development, development, and implementation; 2) Uno Card Learning Media is declared appropriate to be used as an evaluation tool for economic learning and is included in an excellent assessment, based on a) material experts get an average score of 3.82 (right criteria), b) media experts get an average final score of 4,325 (excellent criteria), c) agreed to learn an average final score of 4,818 (excellent criteria), and students' responses from small groups obtained an average final score of 4,552 (excellent criteria) an average score of 4,637 (excellent criteria).
Opportunities for Mobile App–Based Adherence Support for Children With Tuberculosis in South Africa
Authors: Morse Rachel M , Myburgh Hanlie , Reubi David , Archey Ava E , Busakwe Leletu , Garcia-Prats Anthony J , Hesseling Anneke C , Jacobs Stephanie , Mbaba Sharon , Meyerson Kyla , Seddon James A , van der Zalm Marieke M , Wademan Dillon T , Hoddinott Graeme
Published: September 2020

Tuberculosis is the number one infectious cause of death globally. Young children, generally those younger than 5 years, are at the highest risk of progressing from tuberculosis infection to tuberculosis disease and of developing the most severe forms of tuberculosis. Most current tuberculosis drug formulations have poor acceptability among children and require consistent adherence for prolonged periods of time. These challenges complicate children’s adherence to treatment and caregivers’ daily administration of the drugs. Rapid developments in mobile technologies and apps present opportunities for using widely available technology to support national tuberculosis programs and patient treatment adherence. Pilot studies have demonstrated that mobile apps are a feasible and acceptable means of enhancing children’s treatment adherence for other chronic conditions. Despite this, no mobile apps that aim to promote adherence to tuberculosis treatment have been developed for children. In this paper, we draw on our experiences carrying out research in clinical pediatric tuberculosis studies in South Africa. We present hypothetical scenarios of children’s adherence to tuberculosis medication to suggest priorities for behavioral and educational strategies that a mobile app could incorporate to address some of the adherence support gaps faced by children diagnosed with tuberculosis. We argue that a mobile app has the potential to lessen some of the negative experiences that children associate with taking tuberculosis treatment and to facilitate a more positive treatment adherence experience for children and their caregivers.
Investigating Mental Health of US College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Survey Study
Authors: Wang Xiaomei , Hegde Sudeep , Son Changwon , Keller Bruce , Smith Alec , Sasangohar Farzan
Published: September 2020

Background

Evidence suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic has generally increased levels of stress and depression among the public. However, the impact on college students in the United States has not been well-documented.

Objective

This paper surveys the mental health status and severity of depression and anxiety of college students in a large university system in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

An online survey was conducted among undergraduate and graduate students recruited from Texas A&M University via email. The survey consisted of two standardized scales—the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the General Anxiety Disorder-7—for depression and anxiety, and additional multiple-choice and open-ended questions regarding stressors and coping mechanisms specific to COVID-19.

Results

Among the 2031 participants, 48.14% (n=960) showed a moderate-to-severe level of depression, 38.48% (n=775) showed a moderate-to-severe level of anxiety, and 18.04% (n=366) had suicidal thoughts. A majority of participants (n=1443, 71.26%) indicated that their stress/anxiety levels had increased during the pandemic. Less than half of the participants (n=882, 43.25%) indicated that they were able to cope adequately with the stress related to the current situation.

Conclusions

The proportion of respondents showing depression, anxiety, and/or suicidal thoughts is alarming. Respondents reported academic-, health-, and lifestyle-related concerns caused by the pandemic. Given the unexpected length and severity of the outbreak, these concerns need to be further understood and addressed.