bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Improved Gaussian Mixture CKF Algorithm under Non-Gaussian Observation Noise
Authors: Wang Hongjian , Li Cun
Published: July 2016

In order to solve the problems that the weight of Gaussian components of Gaussian mixture filter remains constant during the time update stage, an improved Gaussian Mixture Cubature Kalman Filter (IGMCKF) algorithm is designed by combining a Gaussian mixture density model with a CKF for target tracking. The algorithm adopts Gaussian mixture density function to approximately estimate the observation noise. The observation models based on Mini RadaScan for target tracking on offing are introduced, and the observation noise is modelled as glint noise. The Gaussian components are predicted and updated using CKF. A cost function is designed by integral square difference to update the weight of Gaussian components on the time update stage. Based on comparison experiments of constant angular velocity model and maneuver model with different algorithms, the proposed algorithm has the advantages of fast tracking response and high estimation precision, and the computation time should satisfy real-time target tracking requirements.
A Clinicopathological Profile of Prostate Cancer in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Hosein Ian , Sukhraj Rajendra , Goetz Lester , Rambarran Nastassia , Persaud Satyendra
Published: July 2016

Aim.To conduct a clinicopathological review of all prostate biopsies performed in a tertiary referral centre in Trinidad and Tobago over a period of 30 months.Methods.The records of all patients who had prostate biopsies from January 2012 to July 2014 were reviewed. Clinical and pathologic data were compiled and subsequently analysed using SPSS version 20.Results.From January 2012 to July 2014, 617 transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsies were performed. Pathological data were found for 546 patients of whom 283 (51.8%) were confirmed carcinoma of the prostate. Moderately differentiated tumors (Gleason 7) were the most common group. Using the D’Amico risk classification, most cases were found to be high risk (63.1%). Afro-Trinidadians comprised 72.1% of the patients with prostate cancer. Afro-Trinidadians were also more likely to have high risk and high grade disease as well as high PSA values.Conclusion.This study demonstrates that over half of our biopsies are eventually positive for cancer and most cases were high risk. Afro-Trinidadians comprised a disproportionate number of those diagnosed with prostate cancer and had a greater risk of high risk disease.
Extranodal NK/T Cell Lymphoma Causing Cardiorespiratory Failure
Authors: Li Yiting , Damjanov Ivan
Published: July 2016

Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma is an uncommon malignancy usually involving the sinonasal area. We report an unusual case of extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma diagnosed in a 62-year-old Caucasian male who died of progressive cardiorespiratory failure but had no clinically detectable upper respiratory system lesions. The initial diagnosis was made cytologically on a sample of pericardial fluid that contained neoplastic lymphoid cells. These cells were positive for CD2, cytoplasmic CD3, and Epstein-Barr virus and negative for CD56. The diagnosis was confirmed at the autopsy, which disclosed lymphoma infiltrates in the myocardium, lungs, stomach, and pancreas. The death was caused by heart and lung failure due to uncontrollable arrhythmia and respiratory insufficiency due to the lymphoma infiltrates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma presenting with cardiopulmonary failure.
The Effect of Indium Concentration on the Structure and Properties of Zirconium Based Intermetallics: First-Principles Calculations
Authors: Guo Fuda , Wu Junyan , Liu Shuai , Zhan Yongzhong
Published: July 2016

The phase stability, mechanical, electronic, and thermodynamic properties of In-Zr compounds have been explored using the first-principles calculation based on density functional theory (DFT). The calculated formation enthalpies show that these compounds are all thermodynamically stable. Information on electronic structure indicates that they possess metallic characteristics and there is a common hybridization between In-p and Zr-d states near the Fermi level. Elastic properties have been taken into consideration. The calculated results on the ratio of the bulk to shear modulus (B/G) validate that InZr3has the strongest deformation resistance. The increase of indium content results in the breakout of a linear decrease of the bulk modulus and Young’s modulus. The calculated theoretical hardness ofα-In3Zr is higher than the other In-Zr compounds.
Modeling and Optimization of Vehicle Suspension Employing a Nonlinear Fluid Inerter
Authors: Shen Yujie , Chen Long , Liu Yanling , Zhang Xiaoliang
Published: July 2016

An ideal inerter has been applied to various vibration engineering fields because of its superior vibration isolation performance. This paper proposes a new type of fluid inerter and analyzes the nonlinearities including friction and nonlinear damping force caused by the viscosity of fluid. The nonlinear model of fluid inerter is demonstrated by the experiments analysis. Furthermore, the full-car dynamic model involving the nonlinear fluid inerter is established. It has been detected that the performance of the vehicle suspension may be influenced by the nonlinearities of inerter. So, parameters of the suspension system including the spring stiffness and the damping coefficient are optimized by means of QGA (quantum genetic algorithm), which combines the genetic algorithm and quantum computing. Results indicate that, compared with the original nonlinear suspension system, the RMS (root-mean-square) of vertical body acceleration of optimized suspension has decreased by 9.0%, the RMS of pitch angular acceleration has decreased by 19.9%, and the RMS of roll angular acceleration has decreased by 9.6%.
A Fast-Track Referral System for Skin Lesions Suspicious of Melanoma: Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study from a Plastic Surgery Center
Authors: Jarjis Reem Dina , Hansen Lone Bak , Matzen Steen Henrik
Published: July 2016

Introduction. To minimize delay between presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of cutaneous melanoma (CM), a national fast-track referral system (FTRS) was implemented in Denmark. The aim of this study was to analyze the referral patterns to our department of skin lesions suspicious of melanoma in the FTRS. Methods. Patients referred to the Department of Plastic Surgery and Breast Surgery in Zealand University Hospital were registered prospectively over a 1-year period in 2014. A cross-sectional study was performed analyzing referral patterns, including patient and tumor characteristics. Results. A total of 556 patients were registered as referred to the center in the FTRS for skin lesions suspicious of melanoma. Among these, a total of 312 patients (56.1%) were diagnosed with CM. Additionally, 41 (7.4%) of the referred patients were diagnosed with in situ melanoma. Conclusion. In total, 353 (63.5%) patients had a malignant or premalignant melanocytic skin lesion. When only considering patients who where referred without a biopsy, the diagnostic accuracy for GPs and dermatologists was 29% and 45%, respectively. We suggest that efforts of adequate training for the referring physicians in diagnosing melanocytic skin lesions will increase diagnostic accuracy, leading to larger capacity in secondary care for the required treatment of malignant skin lesions.
Evaluation of the Antioxidative, Antibacterial, and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of theAloeFermentation Supernatant ContainingLactobacillus plantarumHM218749.1
Authors: Jiang Meixiu , Deng Kan , Jiang Chunling , Fu Mingui , Guo Chunlan , Wang Xiaolei , Wang Xin , Meng Fanjing , Yang Shaoguo , Deng Keyu , Chen Tingtao , Xin Hongbo
Published: July 2016

Little work is done to developAloe vera(AV) using probiotics. To explore the potential benefits, the antioxidant effects and the antibacterial effects on foodborne pathogens ofAloefermentation supernatant were evaluated in vitro. Our results indicated that theAloefermentation supernatant fermented byLactobacillus plantarumHM218749.1 had very strong scavenging capacities of the DPPH (86%),O2•-(85%),OH•(76%), andFe2+chelation (82%) and reducing powers (242.5 mg/L), and the inhibition zones forSalmonella typhimurium,Salmonella enteritidis,Shigella flexneri,Escherichia coli,Listeria monocytogenes,S. dysenteriae301,Staphylococcus aureusCowan1, andPropionibacterium acneswere 16, 15, 19, 20, 21, 20, and 27 mm. Moreover, the low concentration ofAloefermentation supernatant had significantly reduced the production of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 in both mRNA and protein levels (P<0.01). Therefore, theAloefermentation supernatant can be used as functional beverage or cosmetic ingredients to guard human intestinal health, delaying senescence, and prevent chronic diseases.
A Wideband Antenna with Circular and Rectangular Shaped Slots for Mobile Phone Applications
Authors: Zong Wei-Hua , Yang Xiao-Mei , Xiao Xia , Li Shan-Dong , Wei Xiang-Yang , Jin Zhe-Jun , Qu Xiao-Yun
Published: July 2016

A wideband slot antenna for mobile phone applications is proposed. The antenna has two slots with open ends etched on the opposite edges of the ground plane. The main slot, of total length of 59 mm, is composed of a rectangle connected to a circle having radius of 5 mm. Another slot, having a rectangular shape with width of 2.8 mm and length of 26 mm, is employed to enhance the antenna bandwidth. The slots are fed by means of a rectangular monopole connected to a circular patch joined to a bent 50 Ω microstrip transmission line forming two right angles. To obtain a wideband impedance matching, the upper edge of the monopole and a part of the feeding line evolve along the top edge of the two slots. To reduce the antenna size, the upper part of the board above the slot (just 3 mm from the slot) is folded vertically to the ground plane. The measured bandwidth of the antenna is 0.698–1.10 GHz and 1.64–2.83 GHz covering LTE700/2300/2500, GSM850/900/1800/1900, and UMTS bands.
An Update on the Ophthalmologic Features in the Phakomatoses
Authors: Abdolrahimzadeh Solmaz , Plateroti Andrea Maria , Recupero Santi Maria , Lambiase Alessandro
Published: July 2016

Neurofibromatosis type 1, tuberous sclerosis complex, and Von Hippel-Lindau disease, historically classified as the phakomatoses, are hereditary multisystem disorders characterized by the presence of hamartoma, which carry the risk of malignant transformation. The alteration of tumor suppressor genes seems to be at the basis of their pathophysiogenetic mechanism. Lisch and choroidal nodules in neurofibromatosis type 1, retinal astrocytomas in tuberous sclerosis complex, and retinal capillary hemangioma in Von Hippel-Lindau disease are the principal ophthalmic hamartomatous manifestations. The advent of novel imaging techniques such as near infrared reflectance and optical coherence tomography has provided unprecedented insight on the choroidal and retinal features of these diseases. These methods have improved early diagnosis and the ongoing surveillance in these conditions. Among an array of treatment modalities, antivascular endothelial growth factor therapy has been used in the management of retinal hamartomas but results have been varied. This review is an update on the pathophysiogenetic mechanisms, ophthalmic manifestations, and novel treatment strategies in the phakomatoses with emphasis on the role of imaging techniques.
Actions of Thyroid Hormone Analogues on Chemokines
Authors: Davis Paul J. , Glinsky Gennadi V. , Lin Hung-Yun , Mousa Shaker A.
Published: July 2016

The extracellular domain of plasma membrane integrinαvβ3 contains a receptor for thyroid hormone (L-thyroxine, T4; 3,5,3′-triiodo-L-thyronine, T3); this receptor also binds tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac), a derivative of T4. Tetrac inhibits the binding of T4and T3to the integrin. Fractalkine (CX3CL1) is a chemokine relevant to inflammatory processes in the CNS that are microglia-dependent but also important to normal brain development. Expression of the CX3CL1 gene is downregulated by tetrac, suggesting that T4and T3may stimulate fractalkine expression. Independently of its specific receptor (CX3CR1), fractalkine binds toαvβ3 at a site proximal to the thyroid hormone-tetrac receptor and changes the physical state of the integrin. Tetrac also affects expression of the genes for other CNS-relevant chemokines, including CCL20, CCL26, CXCL2, CXCL3, and CXCL10. The chemokine products of these genes are important to vascularity of the brain, particularly of the choroid plexus, to inflammatory processes in the CNS and, in certain cases, to neuroprotection. Thyroid hormones are known to contribute to regulation of each of these CNS functions. We propose that actions of thyroid hormone and hormone analogues on chemokine gene expression contribute to regulation of inflammatory processes in brain and of brain blood vessel formation and maintenance.
A General Scheme for Information Interception in the Ping-Pong Protocol
Authors: Zawadzki Piotr , Miszczak Jarosław Adam
Published: July 2016

The existence of undetectable eavesdropping of dense coded information has been already demonstrated by Pavičić for the quantum direct communication based on the ping-pong paradigm. However, (a) the explicit scheme of the circuit is only given and no design rules are provided; (b) the existence of losses is implicitly assumed; (c) the attack has been formulated against qubit based protocol only and it is not clear whether it can be adapted to higher dimensional systems. These deficiencies are removed in the presented contribution. A new generic eavesdropping scheme built on a firm theoretical background is proposed. In contrast to the previous approach, it does not refer to the properties of the vacuum state, so it is fully consistent with the absence of losses assumption. Moreover, the scheme applies to the communication paradigm based on signal particles of any dimensionality. It is also shown that some well known attacks are special cases of the proposed scheme.
Optimal Bounds for Gaussian Arithmetic-Geometric Mean with Applications to Complete Elliptic Integral
Authors: Wang Hua , Qian Wei-Mao , Chu Yu-Ming
Published: July 2016

We present the best possible parametersα1,β1,α2,β2∈Randα3,β3∈(1/2,1)such that the double inequalitiesQα1(a,b)A1-α1(a,b)<AG[A(a,b),Q(a,b)]<Qβ1(a,b)A1-β1(a,b),α2Q(a,b)+(1-α2)A(a,b)<AG[A(a,b),Q(a,b)]<β2Q(a,b)+(1-β2)A(a,b),Q[α3a+(1-α3)b,α3b+(1-α3)a]<AG[A(a,b),Q(a,b)]0witha≠b, whereA(a,b),Q(a,b), andAG(a,b)are the arithmetic, quadratic, and Gauss arithmetic-geometric means ofaandb, respectively. As applications, we find several new bounds for the complete elliptic integrals of the first and second kind.
Historical ESWT Paradigms Are Overcome: A Narrative Review
Authors: Lohrer Heinz , Nauck Tanja , Korakakis Vasileios , Malliaropoulos Nikos
Published: July 2016

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT) is a conservative treatment modality with still growing interest in musculoskeletal disorders. This narrative review aims to present an overview covering 20-year development in the field of musculoskeletal ESWT. Eight historical paradigms have been identified and put under question from a current perspective: energy intensity, focus size, anesthesia, imaging, growth plates, acuteness, calcifications, and number of sessions. All paradigms as set in a historical consensus meeting in 1995 are to be revised. First, modern musculoskeletal ESWT is divided into focused and radial technology and the physical differences are about 100-fold with respect to the applied energy. Most lesions to be treated are easy to reach and clinical focusing plays a major role today. Lesion size is no longer a matter of concern. With the exception of nonunion fractures full, regional, or even local anesthesia is not helpful in musculoskeletal indications. Juvenile patients can also effectively be treated without risk of epiphyseal damage. Further research is needed to answer the question about if and which acute injuries can be managed effectively. Treatment parameters like the number of sessions are still relying on empirical data and have to be further elucidated.
Green Production of Indolylquinones, Derivatives of Perezone, and Related Molecules, Promising Antineoplastic Compounds
Authors: Escobedo-González René Gerardo , Pérez Martínez Héctor , Nicolás-Vázquez Ma. Inés , Martínez Joel , Gómez Gabriela , Serrano Juan Nava , Carranza Téllez Vladimir , Vargas-Requena C. L. , Miranda Ruvalcaba René
Published: July 2016

A green approach to produce the indolyl derivatives from four natural quinones (perezone, isoperezone, menadione, and plumbagin) was performed; in this regard, a comparative study was accomplished among the typical mantle heating and three nonconventional activating modes of reaction (microwave, near-infrared, and high speed ball milling or tribochemical), under solventless conditions and using bentonitic clay as a catalyst. In addition, the tribochemical production of isoperezone from perezone is also commented on. It is also worth noting that the cytotoxicity of the synthesized indolylquinones in human breast cancer cell was tested by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, with the 3-indolylisoperezone being the most active. The structural attribution of the target molecules was performed by typical spectroscopic procedures; moreover, the experimental and computed1H and13C NMR chemical shifts data, with previous acquisition of the corresponding minimum energetic structures, were in good agreement.
Who Needs to Be Allocated in ICU after Thoracic Surgery? An Observational Study
Authors: Pinheiro Liana , Santoro Ilka Lopes , Faresin Sonia Maria
Published: July 2016

Background. The effective use of ICU care after lung resections has not been completely studied. The aims of this study were to identify predictive factors for effective use of ICU admission after lung resection and to develop a risk composite measure to predict its effective use.Methods. 120 adult patients undergoing elective lung resection were enrolled in an observational prospective cohort study. Preoperative evaluation and intraoperative assessment were recorded. In the postoperative period, patients were stratified into two groups according to the effective and ineffective use of ICU. The use of ICU care was considered effective if a patient experienced one or more of the following: maintenance of controlled ventilation or reintubation; acute respiratory failure; hemodynamic instability or shock; and presence of intraoperative or postanesthesia complications.Results. Thirty patients met the criteria for effective use of ICU care. Logistic regression analysis identified three independent predictors of effective use of ICU care: surgery for bronchiectasis, pneumonectomy, and age ≥ 57 years. In the absence of any predictors the risk of effective need of ICU care was 6%. Risk increased to 25–30%, 66–71%, and 93% with the presence of one, two, or three predictors, respectively.Conclusion. ICU care is not routinely necessary for all patients undergoing lung resection.
Effect of the Strain Kind on the Texture and Microstructure of Low-Alloyed Steel
Authors: Shkatulyak N. M. , Usov V. V. , Savchuk E. S. , Dragomeretskaya E. A. , Bargan D. V.
Published: July 2016

Crystallographic texture and microstructure of low-alloyed steel after twist extrusion (TE) and subsequent cold rolling along and across the TE axis were studied. The double axial cylindrical texture with axes 110 and 100 parallel to the TE axis and the vortex-like microstructure are formed in the steel during the TE. The subsequent rolling of extruded steel along the TE axis promotes the forming of typical steel rolling texture as well as the microstructure with elongated grains in rolling direction. Typical steel rolling texture as well as the equiaxed microstructure is formed in extruded steel after rolling in the direction transverse to the TE axis. The mechanisms of formation of the texture are discussed.
Angiomyolipoma in a Patient with Situs Inversus Totalis: Managing Two Rare Diseases
Authors: Mayes Jonathan , Heaton Nigel
Published: July 2016

Hepatic angiomyolipoma is an extremely rare benign hamartomatous lesion. Situs inversus totalis is a genetic condition occurring in 0.01% of the population. Following the kidney, the liver is the second most common site of angiomyolipoma. No consensus on the treatment of hepatic angiomyolipoma has been reached. However, the majority of these tumours are managed conservatively. Situs inversus totalis presents difficulties for procedures and is most commonly an incidental finding. These two conditions have not previously been reported and no genetic link has been established between them. This paper reports the association of both conditions in a 74-year-old female, reviews the literature, and presents CT imaging of the case.
Berberine Inhibits Intestinal Polyps Growth in Apc (min/+) Mice via Regulation of Macrophage Polarization
Authors: Piao Meiyu , Cao Hailong , He NaNa , Yang Boli , Dong Wenxiao , Xu Mengque , Yan Fang , Zhou Bing , Wang Bangmao
Published: July 2016

Antitumor effect of berberine has been reported in a wide spectrum of cancer, however, the mechanisms of which are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that berberine suppresses tumorigenesis in the familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) by regulating the macrophage polarization in Apc (min/+) mouse model. Berberine was given to Apc (min/+) mice for 12 weeks. Primary macrophages were isolated; after berberine treatment, the change in signaling cascade was determined. The total number and size of polyps were reduced remarkably in berberine group, compared with control group. A significant decrease in protein levels of F4/80, mannose receptor (MR), and COX‐2 in stroma of intestinal polyps and an increase in the level of iNOS were observed after berberine treatment. The mRNA level of MR and Arg‐1 in berberine group was significantly lower than those in IL‐10 or IL‐4 group, while no significant difference in mRNA levels of iNOS and CXCL10 was observed. The migration and invasiveness assays in vitro showed that berberine could reduce the capability of migration and invasiveness. These findings suggest that berberine attenuates intestinal tumorigenesis by inhibiting the migration and invasion of colorectal tumor cells via regulation of macrophage polarization.
Identification and Optimisation of Lipase-Catalysed Synthesis of Betulinic Acid Amide in a Solvent System
Authors: Atikah Binti Amin Yusof Nurul , Mat Hadzir Nursyamsyila , Efliza Ashari Siti
Published: July 2016

Betulinic acid amide was synthesized from the enzymatic reaction of betulinic acid and butylamine catalysed by Novozym 435. The effects of different reaction parameters, such as effect of reaction time, reaction temperature, amount of enzyme, and substrate molar ratio (betulinic acid : butylamine), were studied and conventionally optimised. Based on this study, the enzymatic synthesis of betulinic acid amide was found to be 64.6% at the optimum conditions of 24 h, 40°C, 100 mg enzyme, and 1 : 1 substrate molar ratio in 9 : 1 mixture of chloroform and hexane as solvent. The identification of final product was carried out using TLC, melting point, and FTIR and NMR showed the presence of betulinic acid amide.
Multidimensional and Interactive Assessment Model of Large-Scale Infrastructure Project and Its Demonstration Based on Double Utility
Authors: Gao Wu , Hong Kairong , Pan Bin
Published: July 2016

This paper evaluates the project risks with a multidimensional and interactive model from multiagent and utility combination, which takes subjective psychological negative utility into account rather than only focusing on the thinking pattern of objective value loss. Firstly, it analyzes the bodies’ heterogeneous preference and their game behavior using game theory application methods. Secondly, it builds multidimensional and interactive evaluation model of large-scale infrastructure project from many dimensions, such as risk rate, objective utility, and subjective utility. It reflects different values and behavior strategy interdynamic factor in the design of risk utility function. Lastly, it deduces process and approaches of multidimensional and interactive evaluation by typical project. In addition, it tests model parameter with regression analysis. The research of this paper broadens the dimension of project risk evaluation and provides comprehensive and balanced reference for the measure of project risk utility and a better basis for project risk control.
Nonlinear Dynamic Behavior Analysis of Pressure Thin-Wall Pipe Segment with Supported Clearance at Both Ends
Authors: Li Chaofeng , Tang Qiansheng , Wen Bangchun
Published: July 2016

An analysis of nonlinear behaviors of pressure thin-wall pipe segment with supported clearance at both ends was presented in this paper. The model of pressure thin-wall pipe segment with supported clearance was established by assuming the restraint condition as the work of springs in the deformation directions. Based on Sanders shell theory, Galerkin method was utilized to discretize the energy equations, external excitation, and nonlinear restraint forces. And the nonlinear governing equations of motion were derived by using Lagrange equation. The displacements in three directions were represented by the characteristic orthogonal polynomial series and trigonometric functions. The effects of supporting stiffness and supported clearance on dynamic behavior of pipe wall were discussed. The results show that the existence of supported clearance may lead to the changing of stiffness of the pipe vibration system and the dynamic behaviors of the pipe system show nonlinearity and become more complex; for example, the amplitude-frequency curve of the foundation frequency showed hard nonlinear phenomenon. The chaos and bifurcation may emerge at some region of the values of stiffness and clearance, which means that the responses of the pressure thin-wall pipe segment would be more complex, including periodic motion, times periodic motion, and quasiperiodic or chaotic motions.
Effect of Polypropylene and Basalt Fiber on the Behavior of Mortars for Repair Applications
Authors: Jiang Chaohua , Huang Shanshan , Zhu Yuwen , Lin Yifeng , Chen Da
Published: July 2016

The fresh, mechanical, and durability properties of the polypropylene fiber-reinforced mortar (PP FRM) and the basalt fiber-reinforced mortar (BFRM) with various fiber contents were tested in this paper. The test results show that the presence of polypropylene (PP) fiber and basalt fiber (BF) in the mortar reduces the initial slump flow and increases the slump flow loss rate. The bond strength and flexural strength of fiber-reinforced mortar (FRM) are improved, whereas no obvious improvement on the compressive strength has been observed. Compared with the control mortar, the bond strength of PP FRM and BFRM reinforced with 0.6 kg/m3, 1.6 kg/m3, and 2.6 kg/m3fiber increases by 16.60%–28.80% and 10.60%–21.40%, respectively. Furthermore, FRM shows lower drying shrinkage, superior abrasion resistance, water impermeability, and freeze-thaw resistance compared with the control mortar. The abrasion resistance strength of PP FRM and BFRM is 77.30% and 38.65% more than the control mortar with 2.6 kg/m3fiber content. Therefore, PP FRM and BFRM are suitable to be utilized as repair materials, especially in repairing hydraulic structures surfaces with excellent bond strength and abrasion resistance.
Effect of Associated Autoimmune Diseases on Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Incidence and Metabolic Control in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Krzewska Aleksandra , Ben-Skowronek Iwona
Published: July 2016

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases developing in childhood. The incidence of the disease in children increases for unknown reasons at a rate from 3 to 5% every year worldwide. The background of T1DM is associated with the autoimmune process of pancreatic beta cell destruction, which leads to absolute insulin deficiency and organ damage. Complex interactions between environmental and genetic factors contribute to the development of T1DM in genetically predisposed patients. The T1DM-inducing autoimmune process can also affect other organs, resulting in development of additional autoimmune diseases in the patient, thereby impeding diabetes control. The most common T1DM comorbidities include autoimmune thyroid diseases, celiac disease, and autoimmune gastritis; additionally, diabetes can be a component of PAS (Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndrome). The aim of this review is to assess the prevalence of T1DM-associated autoimmune diseases in children and adolescents and their impact on the course of T1DM. We also present suggestions concerning screening tests.
Investigation on the Behavior of Tensile Damage Evolution in T700/6808 Composite Based on Acoustic Emission Technology
Authors: Wang Weihan , Zhang Weifang , Liu Shengwang , Jin Xiaoshuai
Published: July 2016

T700/6808 composite has been widely used in aerospace field and the damage in composite will seriously influence the safety of aircraft. However, the behavior of damage evolution in T700/6808 composite when it suffered from tensile loading is seldom researched. In this paper, the acoustic emission (AE) technology is employed to research the process of damage evolution in T700/6808 composite under tensile loading. Results show that the damage in T700/6808 composite is small in the initial stage of tensile loading, and main damage is the matrix cracking. The composite has serious damage in the middle stage of tensile loading, which mainly includes the matrix cracking and the interface damage as well as the fiber breakage. The number of fiber breakages decreases rapidly in the later stage of tensile loading. When it comes into the stage of load holding, the composite has relatively smaller damage than that in the stage of tensile loading, and the fiber breakage rarely occurs in the composite. Analysis of damage modes shows that the criticality of the matrix cracking and the interface damage is higher than the fiber breakage, which illustrates that the reliability of T700/6808 composite could be improved by the optimization of matrix and interface.
Severity of Osteoarthritis Is Associated with Increased Arterial Stiffness
Authors: Tootsi Kaspar , Kals Jaak , Zilmer Mihkel , Paapstel Kaido , Märtson Aare
Published: July 2016

Objective.Osteoarthritis (OA) is associated with increased cardiovascular comorbidity and mortality. Evidence is lacking about whether arterial stiffness is involved in OA. The objective of our study was to find out associations between OA, arterial stiffness, and adipokines.Design.Seventy end-stage knee and hip OA patients (age62±7years) and 70 asymptomatic controls (age60±7years) were investigated using the applanation tonometry to determine their parameters of arterial stiffness. Serum adiponectin, leptin, and matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3) levels were determined using the ELISA method. Correlation between variables was determined using Spearman’s rho. Multiple regression analysis with a stepwise selection procedure was employed.Results.Radiographic OA grade was positively associated with increased carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) (r=0.272,p=0.023). We found that OA grade was also associated with leptin and MMP-3 levels (rho=-0.246,p=0.040andrho=0.235,p=0.050, resp.). In addition, serum adiponectin level was positively associated with augmentation index and inversely with large artery elasticity index (rho=0.293,p=0.006andrho=-0.249,p=0.003, resp.).Conclusions.Our results suggest that OA severity is independently associated with increased arterial stiffness and is correlated with expression of adipokines. Thus, increased arterial stiffness and adipokines might play an important role in elevated cardiovascular risk in end-stage OA.
Dynamic Temperature Rise Mechanism and Some Controlling Factors of Wet Clutch Engagement
Authors: Zhigang Zhang , Xiaohui Shi , Dong Guo
Published: July 2016

The friction transmission model of wet clutch is established to analyze the friction transmission mechanism of its engagement. The model is developed by applying both the average flow model and the elastic contact model between the friction disk and separator plate. The key components during wet clutch engagement are the separator plate, friction disk, and lubricant. The one-dimension transient models of heat transfer in radial direction for the three components are built on the basis of the heat transfer theory and the conservation law of energy. The friction transmission model and transient heat transfer models are coupled and solved by using the Runge-Kutta numerical method, and the radial temperature distribution and their detailed parametric study for the three components are conducted separately. The simulation results show that the radial temperature for the three components rises with the increase of radius in engagement. The changes in engagement pressure, lubricant viscosity, friction lining permeability, combined surface roughness RMS, equivalent elasticity modulus, difference between dynamic and static friction coefficients, and lubricant flow have important influence on the temperature rise characteristics. The proposed models can get better understanding of the dynamic temperature rise characteristics of wet clutch engagement.
Axon Initial Segment Cytoskeleton: Architecture, Development, and Role in Neuron Polarity
Authors: Jones Steven L. , Svitkina Tatyana M.
Published: July 2016

The axon initial segment (AIS) is a specialized structure in neurons that resides in between axonal and somatodendritic domains. The localization of the AIS in neurons is ideal for its two major functions: it serves as the site of action potential firing and helps to maintain neuron polarity. It has become increasingly clear that the AIS cytoskeleton is fundamental to AIS functions. In this review, we discuss current understanding of the AIS cytoskeleton with particular interest in its unique architecture and role in maintenance of neuron polarity. The AIS cytoskeleton is divided into two parts, submembrane and cytoplasmic, based on localization, function, and molecular composition. Recent studies using electron and subdiffraction fluorescence microscopy indicate that submembrane cytoskeletal components (ankyrin G,βIV-spectrin, and actin filaments) form a sophisticated network in the AIS that is conceptually similar to the polygonal/triangular network of erythrocytes, with some important differences. Components of the AIS cytoplasmic cytoskeleton (microtubules, actin filaments, and neurofilaments) reside deeper within the AIS shaft and display structural features distinct from other neuronal domains. We discuss how the AIS submembrane and cytoplasmic cytoskeletons contribute to different aspects of AIS polarity function and highlight recent advances in understanding their AIS cytoskeletal assembly and stability.
Assessment of the Nurse Medication Administration Workflow Process
Authors: Huynh Nathan , Snyder Rita , Vidal José M. , Sharif Omor , Cai Bo , Parsons Bridgette , Bennett Kevin
Published: July 2016

This paper presents findings of an observational study of the Registered Nurse (RN) Medication Administration Process (MAP) conducted on two comparable medical units in a large urban tertiary care medical center in Columbia, South Carolina. A total of 305 individual MAP observations were recorded over a 6-week period with an average of 5 MAP observations per RN participant for both clinical units. A key MAP variation was identified in terms of unbundled versus bundled MAP performance. In the unbundled workflow, an RN engages in the MAP by performing only MAP tasks during a care episode. In the bundled workflow, an RN completes medication administration along with other patient care responsibilities during the care episode. Using a discrete-event simulation model, this paper addresses the difference between unbundled and bundled workflow and their effects on simulated redesign interventions.
Convergence Insufficiency, Accommodative Insufficiency, Visual Symptoms, and Astigmatism in Tohono O’odham Students
Authors: Davis Amy L. , Harvey Erin M. , Twelker J. Daniel , Miller Joseph M. , Leonard-Green Tina , Campus Irene
Published: July 2016

Purpose. To determine rate of convergence insufficiency (CI) and accommodative insufficiency (AI) and assess the relation between CI, AI, visual symptoms, and astigmatism in school-age children.Methods. 3rd–8th-grade students completed the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) and binocular vision testing with correction if prescribed. Students were categorized by astigmatism magnitude (no/low: <1.00 D, moderate: 1.00 D to <3.00 D, and high: ≥3.00 D), presence/absence of clinical signs of CI and AI, and presence of symptoms. Analyses determine rate of clinical CI and AI and symptomatic CI and AI and assessed the relation between CI, AI, visual symptoms, and astigmatism.Results. In the sample of 484 students (11.67 ± 1.81 years of age), rate of symptomatic CI was 6.2% and symptomatic AI 18.2%. AI was more common in students with CI than without CI. Students with AI only (p=0.02) and with CI and AI (p=0.001) had higher symptom scores than students with neither CI nor AI. Moderate and high astigmats were not at increased risk for CI or AI.Conclusions. With-the-rule astigmats are not at increased risk for CI or AI. High comorbidity rates of CI and AI and higher symptoms scores with AI suggest that research is needed to determine symptomatology specific to CI.
Solving a Real Constraint Satisfaction Model for the University Course Timetabling Problem: A Case Study
Authors: Cruz-Chávez Marco Antonio , Flores-Pichardo Mireya , Martínez-Oropeza Alina , Moreno-Bernal Pedro , Cruz-Rosales Martín H.
Published: July 2016

This paper proposes a real mathematical constraint satisfaction model which defines the timetabling problem in the Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (FCSE) at the Autonomous University of Morelos State, Mexico. A Constructive Approach Algorithm (CAA) is used to obtain solutions in the proposed model. A comparison is made between the CAA’s results and the schedule generated by the FCSE administration. Using the constraint satisfaction model, it is possible to improve the allocation of class hours in the FCSE so that classroom use is more efficient.
The Effects of POWER Training in Young and Older Adults after Stroke
Authors: Hunnicutt Jennifer L. , Aaron Stacey E. , Embry Aaron E. , Cence Brian , Morgan Patrick , Bowden Mark G. , Gregory Chris M.
Published: July 2016

Background. Approximately 35,000 strokes occur annually in adults below the age of 40, and there is disappointingly little data describing their responses to rehabilitation. The purpose of this analysis was to determine the effects of Poststroke Optimization of Walking using Explosive Resistance (POWER) training in young (<40 years) and older (>60 years) adults and to describe relationships between training-induced improvements in muscular and locomotor function.Methods. Data was analyzed from 16 individuals with chronic stroke who participated in 24 sessions of POWER training. Outcomes included muscle power generation, self-selected walking speed (SSWS), 6-minute walk test, Fugl-Meyer motor assessment, Berg Balance Scale, and Dynamic Gait Index.Results. There were no significant differences between groups at baseline. Within-group comparisons revealed significant improvements in paretic and nonparetic knee extensor muscle power generation in both groups. Additionally, young participants significantly improved SSWS. Improvements in SSWS were more strongly associated with improvements in power generation on both sides in young versus older participants.Conclusions. Younger adults after stroke seem to preferentially benefit from POWER training, particularly when increasing gait speed is a rehabilitation goal. Future research should aim to further understand age-related differences in response to training to provide optimal treatments for all individuals following stroke.
Examining Measures of Weight as Risk Factors for Sport-Related Injury in Adolescents
Authors: Richmond Sarah A. , Nettel-Aguirre Alberto , Doyle-Baker Patricia K. , Macpherson Alison , Emery Carolyn A.
Published: July 2016

Objectives. To examine body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) as risk factors for sport injury in adolescents.Design. A secondary analysis of prospectively collected data from a pilot cluster randomized controlled trial.Methods. Adolescents (n=1,040) at the ages of 11–15 years from two Calgary junior high schools were included. BMI (kg/m2) and WC (cm) were measured from direct measures at baseline assessment. Categories (overweight/obese) were created using validated international (BMI) and national (WC) cut-off points. A Poisson regression analysis controlling for relevant covariates (sex, previous injury, sport participation, intervention group, and aerobic fitness level) estimated the risk of sport injury [incidence rate ratios (IRR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI)].Results. There was an increased risk of time loss injury (IRR = 2.82, 95% CI: 1.01–8.04) and knee injury (IRR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.00–6.94) in adolescents that were overweight/obese; however, increases in injury risk for all injury and lower extremity injury were not statistically significant. Estimates suggested a greater risk of time loss injury [IRR = 1.63 (95% CI: 0.93–2.47)] in adolescents with high measures of WC.Conclusions. There is an increased risk of time loss injury and knee injury in overweight/obese adolescents. Sport injury prevention training programs should include strategies that target all known risk factors for injury.
Budd-Chiari Syndrome in a Patient with Hepatitis C
Authors: Frankl Joseph , Hennemeyer Charles , Flores Michael S. , Desai Archita P.
Published: July 2016

Chronic Budd-Chiari syndrome can present with cirrhosis and signs and symptoms similar to those of other chronic liver diseases. We present a case of Budd-Chiari syndrome discovered during attempted transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting in a patient with decompensated cirrhosis believed to be secondary to hepatitis C. Although the patient had hepatocellular carcinoma, the Budd-Chiari syndrome was a primary disease due to hepatic venous webs. Angioplasty was performed in this case, which resolved the patient’s symptoms related to portal hypertension. Follow-up venography 5 months after angioplasty demonstrated continued patency of the hepatic veins. A biopsy was obtained in the same setting, which showed centrilobular fibrosis indicating that venous occlusion was indeed the cause of cirrhosis. It is important to consider a second disease when treating a patient with difficult to manage portal hypertension.
Learn to Rank Images: A Unified Probabilistic Hypergraph Model for Visual Search
Authors: Zeng Kaiman , Wu Nansong , Sargolzaei Arman , Yen Kang
Published: July 2016

In visual search systems, it is important to address the issue of how to leverage the rich contextual information in a visual computational model to build more robust visual search systems and to better satisfy the user’s need and intention. In this paper, we introduced a ranking model by understanding the complex relations within product visual and textual information in visual search systems. To understand their complex relations, we focused on using graph-based paradigms to model the relations among product images, product category labels, and product names and descriptions. We developed a unified probabilistic hypergraph ranking algorithm, which, modeling the correlations among product visual features and textual features, extensively enriches the description of the image. We conducted experiments on the proposed ranking algorithm on a dataset collected from a real e-commerce website. The results of our comparison demonstrate that our proposed algorithm extensively improves the retrieval performance over the visual distance based ranking.
A Novel Dynamic Measurement System for Evaluating the Braking Coordination of Articulated Vehicles
Authors: Li Xu , Chen Wei , Xu Qimin
Published: July 2016

The braking coordination between tractor and semitrailer is vital to the safety of articulated vehicles. Traditional evaluation about braking coordination is based on the pressure measurement along air braking pipeline, which needs to change original braking structure to install gauges and cannot directly reflect the final braking coordination of different wheels. To overcome these limitations, this paper proposes a novel dynamic measurement system for evaluating the braking coordination of articulated vehicles. During the brake test, all wheel velocities of the whole articulated vehicle are synchronously obtained through a specially designed distributed acquisition platform. To effectively eliminate gross errors and noises in wheel angular velocity data, a 3-order autoregressive (AR) model and an improved-thresholding wavelet filtering algorithm are developed. Further, a novel direct evaluation method about braking coordination is proposed according to the differences in angular velocity dropping time of all wheels. Finally, the overall system is assessed through real field tests. The results validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed system.
Correlation between Motor Cortex Excitability Changes and Cognitive Impairment in Vascular Depression: Pathophysiological Insights from a Longitudinal TMS Study
Authors: Pennisi Manuela , Lanza Giuseppe , Cantone Mariagiovanna , Ricceri Riccardo , Spampinato Concetto , Pennisi Giovanni , Di Lazzaro Vincenzo , Bella Rita
Published: July 2016

Background. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) highlighted functional changes in dementia, whereas there are few data in patients with vascular cognitive impairment-no dementia (VCI-ND). Similarly, little is known about the neurophysiological impact of vascular depression (VD) on deterioration of cognitive functions. We test whether depression might affect not only cognition but also specific cortical circuits in subcortical vascular disease.Methods. Sixteen VCI-ND and 11 VD patients, age-matched with 15 controls, underwent a clinical-cognitive, neuroimaging, and TMS assessment. After approximately two years, all participants were prospectively reevaluated.Results. At baseline, a significant more pronounced intracortical facilitation (ICF) was found in VCI-ND patients. Reevaluation revealed an increase of the global excitability in both VCI-ND and VD subjects. At follow-up, the ICF of VCI-ND becomes similar to the other groups. Only VD patients showed cognitive deterioration.Conclusions. Unlike VD, the hyperfacilitation found at baseline in VCI-ND patients suggests enhanced glutamatergic neurotransmission that might contribute to the preservation of cognitive functioning. The hyperexcitability observed at follow-up in both groups of patients also indicates functional changes in glutamatergic neurotransmission. The mechanisms enhancing the risk of dementia in VD might be related either to subcortical vascular lesions or to the lack of compensatory functional cortical changes.
Spontaneous Bilateral Tubal Gestation: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Sheeba Marwah , Supriya Gupta
Published: July 2016

Here a case is presented where the woman after a positive pregnancy test underwent medical abortion for unwanted pregnancy without ultrasound confirmation of intrauterine pregnancy. On persistence of symptoms, a second opinion was procured, when examination and a transvaginal ultrasound scan revealed ruptured unilateral tubal ectopic pregnancy. However upon subsequent laparotomy (considering deteriorating hemodynamic status of the patient), intraoperatively it turned out to be a bilateral tubal ectopic gestation.