bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tree Edit Distance Cannot be Computed in Strongly Subcubic Time (Unless APSP Can)
Authors: Bringmann Karl , Gawrychowski Paweł , Mozes Shay , Weimann Oren
Published: July 2020

The edit distance between two rooted ordered trees with
n
nodes labeled from an alphabet Ʃ is the minimum cost of transforming one tree into the other by a sequence of elementary operations consisting of deleting and relabeling existing nodes, as well as inserting new nodes. Tree edit distance is a well-known generalization of string edit distance. The fastest known algorithm for tree edit distance runs in cubic
O
(
n
3
) time and is based on a similar dynamic programming solution as string edit distance. In this article, we show that a truly subcubic
O
(
n
3-ε
) time algorithm for tree edit distance is unlikely: For |Ʃ| = Ω (
n
), a truly subcubic algorithm for tree edit distance implies a truly subcubic algorithm for the all pairs shortest paths problem. For |Ʃ| =
O
(1), a truly subcubic algorithm for tree edit distance implies an
O
(
n
k-ε
) algorithm for finding a maximum weight
k
-clique.

Thus, while in terms of upper bounds string edit distance and tree edit distance are highly related, in terms of lower bounds string edit distance exhibits the hardness of the strong exponential time hypothesis (Backurs, Indyk STOC’15) whereas tree edit distance exhibits the hardness of all pairs shortest paths. Our result provides a matching conditional lower bound for one of the last remaining classic dynamic programming problems.
Predicting Memory Compiler Performance Outputs Using Feed-forward Neural Networks
Authors: Last Felix , Haeberlein Max , Schlichtmann Ulf
Published: July 2020

Typical semiconductor chips include thousands of mostly small memories. As memories contribute an estimated 25% to 40% to the overall power, performance, and area (PPA) of a product, memories must be designed carefully to meet the system’s requirements. Memory arrays are highly uniform and can be described by approximately 10 parameters depending mostly on the complexity of the periphery. Thus, to improve PPA utilization, memories are typically generated by memory compilers. A key task in the design flow of a chip is to find optimal memory compiler parametrizations that, on the one hand, fulfill system requirements while, on the other hand, they optimize PPA. Although most compiler vendors also provide optimizers for this task, these are often slow or inaccurate. To enable efficient optimization in spite of long compiler runtimes, we propose training fully connected feed-forward neural networks to predict PPA outputs given a memory compiler parametrization. Using an exhaustive search-based optimizer framework that obtains neural network predictions, PPA-optimal parametrizations are found within seconds after chip designers have specified their requirements. Average model prediction errors of less than 3%, a decision reliability of over 99%, and productive usage of the optimizer for successful, large volume chip design projects illustrate the effectiveness of the approach.
Single-stage Instance Segmentation
Authors: Lin Feng , Li Bin , Zhou Wengang , Li Houqiang , Lu Yan
Published: July 2020

Albeit the highest accuracy of object detection is generally acquired by multi-stage detectors, like R-CNN and its extension approaches, the single-stage object detectors also achieve remarkable performance with faster execution and higher scalability. Inspired by this, we propose a single-stage framework to tackle the instance segmentation task. Building on a single-stage object detection network in hand, our model outputs the detected bounding box of each instance, the semantic segmentation result, and the pixel affinity simultaneously. After that, we generate the final instance masks via a fast post-processing method with the help of the three outputs above. As far as we know, it is the first attempt to segment instances in a single-stage pipeline on challenging datasets. Extensive experiments demonstrate the efficiency of our post-processing method, and the proposed framework obtains competitive results as a single-stage instance segmentation method. We achieve 32.5 box AP and 26.0 mask AP on the COCO validation set with 500 pixels input scale and 22.9 mask AP on the Cityscapes test set.
Learning Joint Structure for Human Pose Estimation
Authors: Feng Shenming , Hu Haifeng
Published: July 2020

Recently, tremendous progress has been achieved on human pose estimation with the development of convolutional neural networks (CNNs). However, current methods still suffer from severe occlusion, back view, and large pose variation due to the lack of consideration of the spatial relationship between different joints, which can provide strong cues for localizing the hidden keypoints. In this work, we design a Structural Pose Network (SPN) to take full advantage of joint structure for human pose estimation under unconstrained environment. Specifically, the proposed model is composed of two subnets: Structure Residual Network (SRN) and Structure Improving Network (SIN). Given an input image, SRN first captures rich joint structure as priors through a multi-branch feature extraction module, following a hourglass network with pyramid residual units to enlarge the receptive field and further obtain structural feature representations. SIN, based on coordinate regression, can optimize the spatial relationship of different joints via the attention mechanism, thus refining the initial prediction from SRN. In addition, we propose a novel structure-consistency constraint, which can maintain the structural consistency between the joints and body parts via estimating whether the joints are located in their corresponding parts. At the same time, an
online hard regions mining
(OHRM) strategy is introduced to drive the network to pay corresponding attention to different body parts. The experimental results on three challenging datasets show that our method outperforms other state-of-the-art algorithms.
Image Captioning with a Joint Attention Mechanism by Visual Concept Samples
Authors: Yuan Jin , Zhang Lei , Guo Songrui , Xiao Yi , Li Zhiyong
Published: July 2020

The attention mechanism has been established as an effective method for generating caption words in image captioning; it explores one noticed subregion in an image to predict a related caption word. However, even though the attention mechanism could offer accurate subregions to train a model, the learned captioner may predict wrong, especially for visual concept words, which are the most important parts to understand an image. To tackle the preceding problem, in this article we propose Visual Concept Enhanced Captioner, which employs a joint attention mechanism with visual concept samples to strengthen prediction abilities for visual concepts in image captioning. Different from traditional attention approaches that adopt one LSTM to explore one noticed subregion each time, Visual Concept Enhanced Captioner introduces multiple virtual LSTMs in parallel to simultaneously receive multiple subregions from visual concept samples. Then, the model could update parameters by jointly exploring these subregions according to a composite loss function. Technically, this joint learning is helpful in finding the common characters of a visual concept, and thus it enhances the prediction accuracy for visual concepts. Moreover, by integrating diverse visual concept samples from different domains, our model can be extended to bridge visual bias in cross-domain learning for image captioning, which saves the cost for labeling captions. Extensive experiments have been conducted on two image datasets (MSCOCO and Flickr30K), and superior results are reported when comparing to state-of-the-art approaches. It is impressive that our approach could significantly increase BLUE-1 and F1 scores, which demonstrates an accuracy improvement for visual concepts in image captioning.
Dynamic Parameterized Problems and Algorithms
Authors: Alman Josh , Mnich Matthias , Williams Virginia Vassilevska
Published: July 2020

Fixed-parameter algorithms and kernelization are two powerful methods to solve NP-hard problems. Yet so far those algorithms have been largely restricted to
static
inputs. In this article, we provide fixed-parameter algorithms and kernelizations for fundamental NP-hard problems with
dynamic
inputs. We consider a variety of parameterized graph and hitting set problems that are known to have
f
(
k
)
n
1+o(1)
time algorithms on inputs of size
n
, and we consider the question of whether there is a data structure that supports small updates (such as edge/vertex/set/element insertions and deletions) with an update time of
g
(
k
)
n
o(1)
; such an update time would be essentially optimal. Update and query times independent of
n
are particularly desirable. Among many other results, we show that F
EEDBACK
V
ERTEX
S
ET
and
k
-P
ATH
admit dynamic algorithms with
f
(
k
)log
O(1)
update and query times for some function 
f
depending on the solution size
k
only. We complement our positive results by several conditional and unconditional lower bounds. For example, we show that unlike their undirected counterparts, D
IRECTED
F
EEDBACK
V
ERTEX
S
ET
and D
IRECTED
k
-P
ATH
do not admit dynamic algorithms with n
o(1)
update and query times even for constant solution sizes
k
≤
3
, assuming popular hardness hypotheses. We also show that unconditionally, in the cell probe model, D
IRECTED
F
EEDBACK
V
ERTEX
S
ET
cannot be solved with update time that is purely a function of
k
.
Upgrading the Newsroom
Authors: Liu Fangyu , Lebret Rémi , Orel Didier , Sordet Philippe , Aberer Karl
Published: July 2020

We propose an automated image selection system to assist photo editors in selecting suitable images for news articles. The system fuses multiple textual sources extracted from news articles and accepts multilingual inputs. It is equipped with char-level word embeddings to help both modeling morphologically rich languages, e.g., German, and transferring knowledge across nearby languages. The text encoder adopts a hierarchical self-attention mechanism to attend more to both key words within a piece of text and informative components of a news article. We extensively experiment our system on a large-scale text-image database containing multimodal multilingual news articles collected from Swiss local news media websites. The system is compared with multiple baselines with ablation studies and is shown to beat existing text-image retrieval methods in a weakly supervised learning setting. Besides, we also offer insights on the advantage of using multiple textual sources and multilingual data.
Approximate Single-Source Fault Tolerant Shortest Path
Authors: Baswana Surender , Choudhary Keerti , Hussain Moazzam , Roditty Liam
Published: July 2020

Let
G=(V,E)
be an
n
-vertices
m
-edges directed graph with edge weights in the range [1,
W
] for some parameter
W
, and
sϵ V
be a designated source. In this article, we address several variants of the problem of maintaining the (1+ε)-approximate shortest path from
s
to each
v
ϵ
V
{
s
} in the presence of a failure of an edge or a vertex.

From the
graph theory
perspective, we show that
G
has a subgraph
H
with Õ(ε
-1
}
n
log
W
) edges such that for any
x,vϵ V
, the graph
H \ x
contains a path whose length is a (1+ε)-approximation of the length of the shortest path from
s
to
v
in
G \ x
. We show that the size of the subgraph
H
is optimal (up to logarithmic factors) by proving a lower bound of Ω (ε
-1
n
log
W
) edges. Demetrescu, Thorup, Chowdhury, and Ramachandran (SICOMP 2008) showed that the size of a fault tolerant exact shortest path subgraph in weighted directed/undirected graphs is Ω (
m
). Parter and Peleg (ESA 2013) showed that even in the restricted case of unweighted undirected graphs, the size of any subgraph for the exact shortest path is at least Ω (
n
1.5
). Therefore, a (1+ε)-approximation is the best one can hope for.

We consider also the
data structure
problem and show that there exists an ϕ(ε
-1
n
log
W
) size oracle that for any
vϵ V
reports a (1+ε)-approximate distance of
v
from
s
on a failure of any
xϵ V
in O(log log
1+ε
(
nW
)) time. We show that the size of the oracle is optimal (up to logarithmic factors) by proving a lower bound of Ω (ε
-1
n
log
W
log
-1
n
). Finally, we present two
distributed algorithms
. We present a single-source
routing scheme
that can route on a (1+ε)-approximation of the shortest path from a fixed source
s
to any destination
t
in the presence of a fault. Each vertex has a label and a routing table of ϕ(ε
-1
log
W
) bits. We present also a
labeling scheme
that assigns each vertex a label of ϕ(ε
-1
log
W
) bits. For any two vertices
x,vϵ V
, the labeling scheme outputs a (1+ε)-approximation of the distance from
s
to
v
in G \
x
using
only
the labels of
x
and
v
.
Symmetry Exploitation for Online Machine Covering with Bounded Migration
Authors: Gálvez Waldo , Soto José A. , Verschae José
Published: July 2020

Online models that allow recourse can be highly effective in situations where classical online models are too pessimistic. One such problem is the online machine covering problem on identical machines. In this setting, jobs arrive one by one and must be assigned to machines with the objective of maximizing the minimum machine load. When a job arrives, we are allowed to reassign some jobs as long as their total size is (at most) proportional to the processing time of the arriving job. The proportionality constant is called the
migration factor
of the algorithm.

Using a rounding procedure with useful structural properties for online packing and covering problems, we design first a simple (1.7 + ε)-competitive algorithm using a migration factor of O(1/ε), which maintains at every arrival a locally optimal solution with respect to the Jump neighborhood. After that, we present as our main contribution a more involved (4/3+ε)-competitive algorithm using a migration factor of
Ō
(1/ε
3
). At every arrival, we run an adaptation of the
Largest Processing Time first
(LPT) algorithm. Since the new job can cause a complete change of the assignment of smaller jobs in both cases, a low migration factor is achieved by carefully exploiting the highly symmetric structure obtained by the rounding procedure.
The Seven Deadly Sins of the HTML5 WebAPI
Authors: Diamantaris Michalis , Marcantoni Francesco , Ioannidis Sotiris , Polakis Jason
Published: July 2020

Modern smartphone sensors can be leveraged for providing novel functionality and greatly improving the user experience. However, sensor data can be misused by privacy-invasive or malicious entities. Additionally, a wide range of other attacks that use mobile sensor data have been demonstrated; while those attacks have typically relied on users installing malicious apps, browsers have eliminated that constraint with the deployment of HTML5 WebAPI.

In this article, we conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the multifaceted threat that mobile web browsing poses to users by conducting a large-scale study of mobile-specific HTML5 WebAPI calls across more than 183K of the most popular websites. We build a novel testing infrastructure consisting of actual smartphones on top of a dynamic Android app analysis framework, allowing us to conduct an end-to-end exploration. In detail, our system intercepts and tracks data access in real time, from the WebAPI JavaScript calls down to the Android system calls. Our study reveals the extent to which websites are actively leveraging the WebAPI for collecting sensor data, with 2.89% of websites accessing at least one sensor. To provide a comprehensive assessment of the risks of this emerging practice, we create a taxonomy of sensor-based attacks from prior studies and present an in-depth analysis by framing our collected data within that taxonomy. We find that 1.63% of websites can carry out at least one attack and emphasize the need for a standardized policy across all browsers and the ability for users to control what sensor data each website can access.
The Harvest of Tropical Wildlife for Bushmeat and Traditional Medicine
Authors: Lee Tien Ming , Sigouin Amanda , Pinedo-Vasquez Miguel , Nasi Robert
Published: July 2020

Bushmeat is not only an important source of fat, micronutrients, and macronutrients, but it also has medicinal uses. Extensive human–wildlife interactions may lead to pathogen exchange and trigger zoonotic infectious disease outbreaks such as severe acute respiratory syndrome, Ebola, and coronavirus disease 2019. In the tropics, bushmeat has become one of the most threatened resources due to widespread habitat loss and overexploitation, largely driven by increased global demand, weak governance, and lack of enforcement. Unsustainable harvesting, consumption, and production practices are common, although drivers are complex and intertwined and vary regionally, pointing to a looming rural nutrition security and wildlife conservation issue. Growing demand in fast urbanizing markets coupled with easy access fuels the illegal trade of bushmeat, medicinal products, and wildlife-based luxury goods. Although bushmeat contributes significantly to rural people's income and poverty alleviation, overharvesting impacts those who are most dependent on the forest. To balance the rural and culturalimportance of bushmeat with conservation and public health priorities, strategies to safeguard tropical biodiversity, sustainable harvest of wildlife with reduced health risk for nutrition and medicine are urgently needed.
Epigenetic regulation of intestinal stem cell differentiation
Authors: Verzi Michael P. , Shivdasani Ramesh A.
Published: July 2020

To fulfill the lifelong need to supply diverse epithelial cells, intestinal stem cells (ISCs) rely on executing accurate transcriptional programs. This review addresses the mechanisms that control those programs. Genes that define cell behaviors and identities are regulated principally through thousands of dispersed enhancers, each individually <1 kb long and positioned from a few to hundreds of kilobases away from transcription start sites, upstream or downstream from coding genes or within introns. Wnt, Notch, and other epithelial control signals feed into these cis-regulatory DNA elements, which are also common loci of polymorphisms and mutations that confer disease risk. Cell-specific gene activity requires promoters to interact with the correct combination of signal-responsive enhancers. We review the current state of knowledge in ISCs regarding active enhancers, the nucleosome modifications that may enable appropriate and hinder inappropriate enhancer-promoter contacts, and the roles of lineage-restricted transcription factors.
Role of glucuronidated 25-hydroxyvitamin D on colon gene expression in mice
Authors: Reynolds Carmen J. , Koszewski Nicholas J. , Horst Ronald L. , Beitz Donald C. , Goff Jesse P.
Published: July 2020

We found that 25OHD-Gluc, an endogenously produced metabolite, is delivered to the colon via bile to induce vitamin D-mediated responses in the colon.
Malunion of the Acetabulum Treated by Intra-articular Buttress
Authors: Saragaglia D. , Gaillot J.
Published: July 2020

Acetabulum malunions are extremely difficult to treat, and for many years, surgical indications have been dominated by total hip replacement. We treated a protruding acetabular malunion, 20 years ago, using an intra-articular buttress, by means of an allograft corresponding to a femoral head fragment which had been cryopreserved. The radiological and clinical result with this extended follow-up is quite remarkable, which has motivated us to present this original technique.
Ribosomes: An Exciting Avenue in Stem Cell Research
Authors: Han Zhenzhen , Zhang Qi , Zhu Yanbo , Chen Jingcheng , Li Wei
Published: July 2020

Stem cell research has focused on genomic studies. However, recent evidence has indicated the involvement of epigenetic regulation in determining the fate of stem cells. Ribosomes play a crucial role in epigenetic regulation, and thus, we focused on the role of ribosomes in stem cells. Majority of living organisms possess ribosomes that are involved in the translation of mRNA into proteins and promote cellular proliferation and differentiation. Ribosomes are stable molecular machines that play a role with changes in the levels of RNA during translation. Recent research suggests that specific ribosomes actively regulate gene expression in multiple cell types, such as stem cells. Stem cells have the potential for self-renewal and differentiation into multiple lineages and, thus, require high efficiency of translation. Ribosomes induce cellular transdifferentiation and reprogramming, and disrupted ribosome synthesis affects translation efficiency, thereby hindering stem cell function leading to cell death and differentiation. Stem cell function is regulated by ribosome-mediated control of stem cell-specific gene expression. In this review, we have presented a detailed discourse on the characteristics of ribosomes in stem cells. Understanding ribosome biology in stem cells will provide insights into the regulation of stem cell function and cellular reprogramming.
Aquaporin-7 Regulates the Response to Cellular Stress in Breast Cancer
Authors: Dai Chen , Charlestin Verodia , Wang Man , Walker Zachary T. , Miranda-Vergara Maria Cristina , Facchine Beth A. , Wu Junmin , Kaliney William J. , Dovichi Norman J. , Li Jun , Littlepage Laurie E.
Published: July 2020

The complex yet interrelated connections between cancer metabolism, gene expression, and oncogenic driver genes have the potential to identify novel biomarkers and drug targets with prognostic and therapeutic value. Here we effectively integrated metabolomics and gene expression data from breast cancer mouse models through a novel unbiased correlation-based network analysis. This approach identified 35 metabolite and 34 gene hubs with the most network correlations. These hubs have prognostic value and are likely integral to tumor metabolism and breast cancer. The gene hub Aquaporin-7 (Aqp7), a water and glycerol channel, was identified as a novel regulator of breast cancer. AQP7 was prognostic of overall survival in patients with breast cancer. In mouse breast cancer models, reduced expression of Aqp7 caused reduced primary tumor burden and lung metastasis. Metabolomics and complex lipid profiling of cells and tumors with reduced Aqp7 revealed significantly altered lipid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and urea/arginine metabolism compared with controls. These data identify AQP7 as a critical regulator of metabolic and signaling responses to environmental cellular stresses in breast cancer, highlighting AQP7 as a potential cancer-specific therapeutic vulnerability.

Significance:

Aquaporin-7 is identified as a critical regulator of nutrient availability and signaling that responds to cellular stresses, making it an attractive therapeutic target in breast cancer.
Comparison between Fluoropyrimidine-Cisplatin and Gemcitabine-Cisplatin as First-Line Chemotherapy for Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zheng Ting , Jin Jianjiang , Zhou Li , Zhang Yuefeng
Published: July 2020

Background: Gemcitabine-cisplatin (GP) has been regarded as standard first-line chemotherapy for advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC). Fluoropyrimidine-cisplatin (FP) has also shown a survival benefit. However, the clinical choice between them is controversial. Methods: We performed a meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of the two chemotherapy regimens. Results: A total of 5 studies (2 randomized controlled trials, RCTs, and 3 retrospective studies) involving 727 patients were included. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in overall response rate, ORR (risk ratio, RR = 1.13, 95% confidence interval, CI, 0.80–1.58, p = 0.489), disease control rate, DCR (RR = 1.02, 95% CI 0.91–1.13, p = 0.751), progression-free survival/time to progression (hazard rate, HR = 0.95, 95% CI 0.86–1.05, p = 0.315) and overall survival (HR = 1.06, 95% CI 0.98–1.14, p = 0.125). As compared with GP, FP showed lower incidences of all grade 3/4 adverse events with statistical significance (p < 0.001). In a subgroup analysis of RCTs, no statistical differences were found between FP and GP in ORR (RR = 1.06; 95% CI 0.58–1.95; p = 0.842) and DCR (RR = 1.22; 95% CI 1.00–1.50; p = 0.056), but FP showed significantly lower incidences of all grade 3/4 adverse events compared with GP (p < 0.01). Some limitations of the meta-analysis are retrospective studies included, some end points within the trials missing rendering a pooled analysis of the two RCTs impossible and heterogeneous fluoropyrimidine combinations. All studies were performed in Asia which are not completely transferable to European patients. Conclusion: With some limitations, the meta-analysis suggested that FP seems to be as effective as GP with a more favorable safety profile in first-line chemotherapy for Asian patients with advanced BTC.
Cardiorenal Syndrome in Renal Transplant Recipients: Prevalence, Clinical Presentation, Treatment, and Outcome
Authors: Basic-Jukic Nikolina , Juric Ivana , Furic-Cunko Vesna
Published: July 2020

Background: Data on the cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) in renal transplant recipients (RTR) are scarce. We investigated the prevalence, clinical presentation, treatment, and outcomes of patients with CRS in our renal transplant cohort. Methods: Charts and medical records of adult RTR were investigated to identify patients with renal allograft dysfunction and heart failure (HF) with reduced (HFrEF) or preserved (HFpEF) ejection fraction. Results: From December 2009 to December 2019, a total of 1,610 patients received a kidney allograft at our institution. CRS was diagnosed in 9 patients (0.56%) a median of 11 years after transplantation (4–20 years). Seven of the patients were male, and 2 were female. The median age when CRS was diagnosed was 71 years (64–80 years). The major presenting symptom was dyspnea. Five patients had HFrEF, and 4 had HFpEF. The patient’s median basal creatinine clearance was 37 mL/min (range 29–77 mL/min). At hospitalization, it was decreased to 24 mL/min (range 13–45 mL/min). The patients were treated with diuretics, but 5 of them required extracorporeal fluid removal. At the 16-month follow-up (median), all patients with HFpEF were alive and had returned to initial levels of creatinine clearance. Two of the 5 HFrEF had died, and 2 needed permanent extracorporeal water removal. Conclusion: CRS after renal transplantation was rare (<1.0%), but CRS in HFreF patients was associated with a poor outcome.
Apolipoprotein AI-Derived Vitreous Amyloidosis: An Elusive Diagnosis
Authors: Yepez Juan B. , Murati Felipe A. , Petitto Michele  , De Yepez Jazmin , Galue Jose M. , Vinardell Susana , Mura Marco , Arevalo J. Fernando
Published: July 2020

A 56-year-old female presented with vitreous opacity with gradual visual disturbance in her right eye of 1-year duration. A Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma had been treated 15 years before. Presenting best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/200 in her right eye and 20/25 in her left eye. Intraocular pressure was 18 mm Hg bilaterally. Slit-lamp examination revealed no abnormal findings in the anterior segment of both eyes, including the absence of cells and flare. Fundoscopic examination indicated hazy media with the typical glass-wool-like appearance in her right eye. B-scan ultrasound demonstrated that the vitreous was full of middle-echo spots, vitreous opacities, and posterior vitreous detachment occurred. The patient underwent vitreous biopsy and a standard 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (diagnostic and therapeutic). Intraoperatively, the eye was noted to have severe diffuse debris and very strong vitreoretinal adhesions. Cytospin smears prepared from the vitreous aspirate indicated amorphous acellular material that stained positively with Congo Red and showed apple green birefringence on polarized microscopy, consistent with the diagnosis of amyloidosis. A genetic evaluation of tongue tissue demonstrated apolipoprotein AI-derived amyloidosis. The BCVA was 20/25 OU at 3 months postoperatively.
Lens-Induced Uveitis Triggered by Intravitreal Injection 40 Years after Primary Congenital Cataract Surgery with Aphakia
Authors: El Hamichi Sophia , Aguilar Rafael J. , Kon Graversen Veronica , Gold Aaron S. , Berrocal Audina M. , Murray Timothy G.
Published: July 2020

We report a case of a 42-year-old male with a history of bilateral congenital cataract surgery performed at 2 years of age. The patient was left with aphakia, secondary glaucoma, and a history of diabetic macular edema in the setting of diabetes mellitus type 1. The right eye became prephthisical from his congenital surgical repair, and his left eye presented with an acute pseudo-endophthalmitis developing after the seventh intravitreal injection to treat the macular edema. The eye then presented with decrease in vision, periocular injection, and a diffuse inflammatory reaction focused around the anterior residual lens capsule. The patient underwent surgical removal of the residual capsule and primary vitrectomy repair of the eye, achieving a significant improvement in visual symptoms and recovery of visual and anatomic function.
Théodore de Bèze, O Liberum Veto e os "Artigos do Rei Henrique" da Polônia: As Origens do Esplendor Constitucional no Século XVI e da Decadência Política da Sereníssima Res Publica Poloniae Diagnosticada por Rousseau no século XVIII
Authors: Nunes Silvio Gabriel Serrano
Published: July 2020

Neste artigo, serão abordadas as repercussões da Filosofia Política de Théodore de Bèze no protagonismo da nobreza protestante da Polônia no século XVI, que culminou no documento constitucional "Artigos do Rei Henrique", cujo teor assinala, entre outras limitações ao poder real, a obrigação do rei de convocar o parlamento com regularidade, bem como de submeter os impostos extraordinários à assembleia parlamentar, declarar a guerra ou celebrar a paz somente depois da anuência da “Sejm” ─ o parlamento da Polônia dominado pela nobreza. Nesse período também são fortalecidas outras prerrogativas desse estamento, como o liberum veto. Apesar de não ter sido formalmente codificado o princípio do liberum veto, o caos experimentado pela Sereníssima República da Polônia, objeto de muitas das críticas de Rousseau à organização política polonesa, tem suas origens naquelas prerrogativas da nobreza garantidas no século XVI, como se demonstrará.
Origem e Alteração no Pensamento Linguístico-Musical de Rousseau
Authors: Dela Bandera Mauro
Published: July 2020

A linguística de Rousseau transita entre dois polos distintos, mas igualmente válidos, quais sejam, o saber antropológico e o julgamento histórico do estado presente. O objetivo maior deste trabalho é apresentar cada um destes polos: o último apoia-se em um modelo único e originário de língua (uma protolinguagem) que paulatina e historicamente se degeneraria, corrompendo-se; ao passo que o primeiro multiplica as origens de modo a afirmar positivamente as diferenças, explicando-as enquanto tais. Um se constitui em escala de medida, outro em antídoto contra o etnocentrismo.
A Pneumatologia de Voltaire e a interpretação de Zadig, ou O Destino
Authors: Brandão Rodrigo
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo pretende distinguir em alguns textos de Voltaire duas categorias de personagens celestiais. A primeira se refere aos seres vindos do céu astronômico da ciência moderna. A segunda é composta pelos seres celestiais, os anjos e gênios que povoam os céus dos antigos, segundo o autor. Distinguir estas duas categorias nos serve aqui especialmente para fornecer uma intepretação de Zadig ou o destino e, por consequência, refletir sobre como o autor concebia a relação entre liberdade e providência.
Suavização de resultados e comparabilidade dos relatórios financeiros: evidências em empresas abertas do mercado brasileiro
Authors: Sousa Allison Manoel de , Ribeiro Alex Mussoi , Vicente Ernesto Fernando Rodrigues , Carmo Carlos Henrique Silva do
Published: July 2020

Este estudo objetiva analisar a influência da suavização intencional de resultados na comparabilidade dos relatórios financeiros. A amostra corresponde a 87 companhias, considerando períodos trimestrais de 2013 a 2017. Para o cálculo da medida de comparabilidade, optou-se pelo método da similaridade da função contábil de DeFranco, Kothari e Verdi (2011) e para mensurar a suavização intencional de resultados, utilizou-se duas medidas que capturam diferentes dimensões da suavização, apresentadas no trabalho de Lang, Lins e Maffett, (2012). Os dados foram analisados por meio da regressão quantílica. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a suavização intencional de fato prejudica a comparabilidade. Contudo, quando analisada a suavização intencional de resultados por accruals, houve indícios de reflexo sobre a comparabilidade apenas no quantil que compreende às observações com os menores níveis comparabilidade. Para a maioria das empresas analisadas, a suavização por accruals é menos nociva para a comparabilidade do que a suavização mais geral, que incluí também a suavização operacional. Este aspecto foi observado no trabalho de Sohn (2016) e pode estar relacionado ao problema de o gerenciamento operacional ser mais profundo e persistente do que o gerenciamento por accruals.
Autenticidade de Lugar
Authors: Maciel Jeanne Rosalina Botelho , Francisco-Maffezzolli Eliane Cristine , Martins Elaine
Published: July 2020

O objetivo deste estudo foi estender o conceito de autenticidade para o contexto de lugares a fim de propor uma escala de mensuração e analisar a influência desse construto nas escolhas do consumidor no âmbito do turismo. O desenvolvimento da escala contou com cinco etapas: (1) revisão da literatura e realização de pesquisa qualitativa com técnicos da área do turismo e consumidores para gerar indicadores para a escala; (2) validação dos itens por especialistas da área de marketing e turismo e a proposição conceitual da escala; (3) primeiro survey com 152 casos para análise fatorial exploratória; (4) segundo survey com 152 casos para análise confirmatória e teste de influência desse construto na seleção de destinos turísticos; (5) a última etapa contemplou um terceiro survey com 196 casos aptos para a validação externa da escala proposta. Foram identificadas duas dimensões como essências da autenticidade de lugar: a originalidade e a tradição. Os resultados evidenciam que a escala sugerida demonstra capacidade explicativa de 76%. Além disso, esse novo conceito explica 21% de influência na escolha do destino turístico de férias.
Comportamento do Consumidor na Economia Compartilhada no Turismo
Authors: Vera Luciana Alves Rodas , Gosling Marlusa De Sevilha
Published: July 2020

Este artigo tem o objetivo de entender as motivações das pessoas para adotarem práticas de compartilhamento e consumo colaborativo no âmbito do turismo, especificamente em duas plataformas com propostas distintas – o AirBnb e o CouchSurfing. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo qualitativo, empregando entrevistas em profundidade com vinte consumidores do AirBnb e do CouchSurfing, e uma análise de conteúdo. Os resultados apontaram que a economia de custos, a expectativa de construção de vínculos sociais, a expectativa de experiências culturais compartilhadas, a confiança, os reviews, a utilidade e a busca por aprendizado e conhecimento foram fatores motivadores positivos para o uso das plataformas de economia compartilhada de hospedagem. O medo de sofrer algum tipo de violência ou assédio, o receio de ser inconveniente com o anfitrião e o receio de falta de privacidade emergiram das entrevistas como fatores restritivos ao consumo, sendo que tais aspectos ainda não haviam sido explorados pela literatura.
Turismo de Natureza ou na Natureza ou Ecoturismo?
Authors: Martins Patrícia Cristina , Silva Charlei Aparecido da
Published: July 2020

O artigo tem como objetivo ampliar o olhar sobre o termo “Turismo de Natureza”, que tem sido utilizado de maneiras distintas, e verificar a hipótese de que na realidade é uma derivação do termo “nature-based tourism”, do inglês, ou “turismo na natureza”. Nesse sentido, a fim de entender o conceito de Turismo de Natureza, optou-se por elaborar uma pesquisa bibliográfica que pudesse estruturar e conceituar de maneira clara o assunto ainda incipiente. Constatou-se que de fato o termo “turismo de natureza” utilizado por autores brasileiros, espanhóis, portugueses e cubanos está relacionado à perspectiva do turismo na natureza (nature‑based tourism). Nesse sentido, com base na leitura e interpretação do referencial bibliográfico, procura-se dar um posicionamento aqui em relação aos conceitos de Turismo de Natureza, turismo de natureza, turismo na natureza, bem como à inserção ou não do ecoturismo nessas perspectivas. Acredita-se que é dever da academia pensar, refletir e propor discussões relacionadas aos segmentos turísticos. Justamente pelo fato de existirem tantas dúvidas, questionamentos e, sobretudo, práticas que não condizem com o aporte conceitual, apresenta-se uma perspectiva diferente para o conceito de Turismo de Natureza.
A Prática do Geoturismo no Vale do Jequitinhonha como Alternativa de Valorização do Patrimônio Geomineiro e Etnodesenvolvimento Regional
Authors: Braga Liliane Rodrigues de Oliveira , Silva Ludimila De Miranda Rodrigues , Deus José Antônio Souza de
Published: July 2020

O geoturismo é um segmento da atividade turística em ascensão em âmbito nacional e internacional, pautado na difusão do conhecimento, na conservação e na valorização do patrimônio geológico por meio do desenvolvimento de práticas de sustentabilidade. Vale ressaltar que esse tipo de turismo pode se configurar como importante instrumento para o etnodesenvolvimento de comunidades tradicionais, especialmente para aquelas que mantêm uma relação intrínseca com o patrimônio geológico e mineiro, como é o caso de diversos núcleos populacionais do Vale do Jequitinhonha, MG. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar as relações das comunidades tradicionais de quilombolas e garimpeiros com o patrimônio geomineiro do Vale e suas contribuições para a prática do geoturismo como uma alternativa de etnodesenvolvimento regional. Os procedimentos metodológicos adotados compreenderam pesquisa bibliográfica; reconhecimentos de campo, com realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas; análise da relação das comunidades tradicionais com o patrimônio geomineiro; sistematização de dados; e reflexão crítica sobre as informações levantadas. A análise dos resultados aponta que as comunidades alvo da pesquisa mantêm uma relação intrínseca com o patrimônio geomineiro e que a prática do geoturismo, compreendida como alternativa de etnodesenvolvimento, apresenta elevadas potencialidades de apropriação pelas populações tradicionais locais em seu exercício de protagonismo etnopolítico. Já se atestam iniciativas desse cunho, embora pontuais e incipientes, demandando ações de planejamento e de intensificação do diálogo com os atores envolvidos. Esperase que os resultados obtidos na pesquisa possam contribuir para despertar um novo olhar para essa temática pelos gestores públicos, agentes do setor turístico, comunidade científica e grupos tradicionais locais.
Experiência Memorável de Turistas em Natal-RN
Authors: Bezerra Leandro Santos
Published: July 2020

A atividade turística possibilita ao indivíduo uma diversidade de experiências, porém, autores como Sun-Tung & Ritchie (2011) alegam que mais especificações devem ser feitas para descobrir o que exatamente torna certas experiências especiais, espetaculares, adequadas e memoráveis. Partindo desse princípio, esse artigo realizou uma revisão teórica sobre o turismo e as experiências advindas dessa atividade, buscou analisar e ampliar as dimensões da experiência definidas por Pine II & Gilmore (1999), Oh, Fiore & Jeoung (2007) e as dimensões estudadas por Pezzi & Vianna (2015), autores base para o presente estudo. A pesquisa teve como objetivo compreender os motivos que levam os turistas a considerarem uma experiência de viagem memorável.  Para isso foi realizada a aplicação de questionário com 102 turistas que viajaram para Natal, capital do Rio Grande do Norte, no segundo semestre de 2017. Trata-se de um artigo de natureza exploratória e de abordagem quantitativa. Os dados aqui mencionados foram tratados de forma descritiva. Após análise de correlação feita a partir do software SPSS, os resultados mostraram que os turistas consideraram Natal-RN uma experiência única e memorável, tal fator ocorreu porque obtiveram em comum o desenvolvimento de aprendizagem e conhecimento individual sobre a cidade ou sobre si mesmo durante o seu período de permanência. Sentiram-se atraídos pelo visual da cidade e sua capacidade de entretenimento, fuga e esquecimento de suas rotinas, permitindo vivencias únicas e capazes de fixarem lembranças em suas memórias. Conclui-se que a viagem a Natal-RN superou os aspectos triviais dos turistas e tornou-se uma experiência enaltecedora a ponto de se tornar memorável.
Canibais e conflitos urbanos. Um estudo sobre uma fonte etnográfica de Maquiavel
Authors: Landi Sandro
Published: July 2020

Este artigo propõe uma análise de alguns escritos de Maquiavel, à luz de um relatório manuscrito dedicado aos canibais preservado em seus arquivos familiares e dos relatos de Américo Vespúcio sobre os costumes dos Tupinambá. A hipótese desenvolvida é que essa literatura etnográfica constitui o filtro usado por Maquiavel para interpretar os conflitos sociais na Florença do seu tempo.
"A obra mais importante escrita por um heideggeriano"
Authors: Gadamer Hans-Georg , Strauss Leo , Ribeiro Felipe
Published: July 2020

Tradução das cartas trocadas entre Leo Strauss e Hans-Georg Gadamer, em 1961, sobre a publicação de Verdade e método, que data de 1960.

Com apresentação de Felipe Ribeiro
José Lins do Rego entre o orgânico e o problemático
Authors: Villaça Davi Lopes
Published: July 2020

Procura-se discutir o conceito de organicidade na obra de José Lins do Rego, evocado a partir da leitura do ensaio “O brasileiríssimo José Lins do Rego”, de Carpeaux.
Carpeaux, leitor de Henry Miller
Authors: Leitão Andréa Jamilly Rodrigues , Almeida Aline Novais de
Published: July 2020

Análise de três textos de Carpeaux que destacam a obra literária de Henry Miller, escritor maldito norteamericano: “Literatura erotomaníaca”, “Literatura ou pornografia?” e “Trópico de câncer, de Henry Miller”. O crítico insere-se no debate em torno do erotismo literário, perpassando questões relativas à censura, à moral e à sexualidade. A crítica de Carpeaux revela uma vertente dinâmica, na medida em que o autor revisita seus escritos e os reelabora, no interesse de atualizar posições construídas sobre a obra de Henry Miller.
No caminho da palavra
Authors: Ireno Rafael Da Cruz
Published: July 2020

Resenha de Pequenas ficções de memória (Editora Patuá, 2018), de Zainne Lima da Silva.
Perspectivas da interpretação: Carpeaux e sua fortuna crítica
Authors: Vilhena Guilherme Mazzafera S.
Published: July 2020

Procura-se descrever e analisar brevemente o atual estado da fortuna crítica acadêmica e dos projetos editoriais vinculados à obra de Otto Maria Carpeaux.
Rito e Reforma: breve comparação entre as tradições bíblicas e o pensamento confuciano
Authors: Cabral Pedro Regis
Published: July 2020

Neste artigo comparo brevemente o conceito de rito (禮) segundo a tradição chinesa confuciana e a tradição judaico cristã, particularmente protestante. Demonstro que segundo os confucianos o ritual deve estar ligado a uma atitude sincera e à moral para que mereça o nome de “rito”; por outro lado, a tradição protestante e o movimento profético tendem a ver o rito com desconfiança, como má religião em potencial. Demonstro que nos textos antigos chineses o rito está ligado à noção de ordem social, a qual deve refletir a ordem natural do cosmos. Por fim, especulo como poderia ser formulada uma defesa confuciana do rito e como se daria sua crítica a uma atitude antiritualista. Para tanto, vou me valer dos clássicos chineses, O Livro dos Ritos , obviamente, e tradutores e comentadores contemporâneos.
John M. Hobson e as Origens Chinesas da Revolução Industrial do Século XVIII
Authors: Brisola Barbosa Leonardo Vinícius
Published: July 2020

A Revolução Industrial Inglesa atualmente é vista pela grande maioria dos historiadores e especialistas como um dos processos mais importantes na história do progresso do desenvolvimento técnico e tecnológico humano. Contudo, ao longo do século XX, diversos autores divergiram quanto a suposta originalidade e criatividade desse acontecimento que mudaria o curso da história. Enquanto alguns autores, como Perry Anderson, destacam o pioneirismo e a genialidade dos empreendedores ingleses no desenvolvimento da Revolução Industrial, outros, como Andre Gunder Frank, destacam a importância das inovações oriundas do continente asiático, que na realidade teriam sido assimiladas pela Inglaterra industrial. A partir da análise da obra The Eastern Origins of Western Civilisation, de John M. Hobson, este artigo procura identificar e destacar a influência que inovações tecnológicas originárias da China antiga tiveram sobre a Revolução Industrial Inglesa, uma vez que o autor argumenta que a China Song (960-1279) teria produzido uma primeira revolução industrial em larga escala já no século XI, e muitas dessas inovações teriam sido copiadas e transferidas diretamente para a Inglaterra no século XVIII.
Comparison of Venous Thromboembolism Risks Between COVID-19 Pneumonia and Community-Acquired Pneumonia Patients
Authors: Mei Fei , Fan Jiawei , Yuan Jinhua , Liang Zhenzhen , Wang Kewei , Sun Jianfeng , Guan Wenfei , Huang Mingkui , Li Yu , Zhang Wayne W.
Published: July 2020

Objective:

The objectives were to investigate and compare the risks and incidences of venous thromboembolism (VTE) between the 2 groups of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Approach and Results:

Medical records of 616 pneumonia patients who were admitted to the Yichang Central People’s Hospital in Hubei, China, from January 1 to March 23, 2020, were retrospectively reviewed. The patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were treated in the dedicated COVID-19 units, and the patients with CAP were admitted to regular hospital campus. Risks of VTE were assessed using the Padua prediction score. All the patients received pharmaceutical or mechanical VTE prophylaxis. VTE was diagnosed using Duplex ultrasound or computed tomography pulmonary angiogram. Differences between COVID-19 and CAP groups were compared statistically. All statistical tests were 2 sided, and
P
<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. All data managements and analyses were performed by IBM SPSS, version 24, software (SPSS, Inc, Chicago, IL). Of the 616 patients, 256 had COVID-19 pneumonia and 360 patients had CAP. The overall rate of VTE was 2% in COVID-19 pneumonia group and 3.6% in CAP group, respectively (
P
=0.229). In these two groups, 15.6% of the COVID-19 pneumonia patients and 10% of the CAP patients were categorized as high risk for VTE (Padua score, >4), which were significantly different (
P
=0.036). In those high-risk patients, the incidence of VTE was 12.5% in COVID-19 pneumonia group and 16.7% in CAP group (
P
=0.606). Subgroup analysis of the critically ill patients showed that VTE rate was 6.7% in COVID-19 group versus 13% in CAP group (
P
=0.484). In-hospital mortality of COVID-19 and CAP was 6.3% and 3.9%, respectively (
P
=0.180).

Conclusions:

Our study suggested that COVID-19 pneumonia was associated with hypercoagulable state. However, the rate of VTE in COVID-19 pneumonia patients was not significantly higher than that in CAP patients.