bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regulatory and legal framework for the development of small and medium-sized businesses in Ukraine
Authors: KVAK Svitlana , KVAK Vadym , PROKOPOVYCH-PAVLIUK Iryna
Published: January 2025

In contemporary conditions, the stable development of entrepreneurial activity serves as a key factor in driving socio-economic progress in any country worldwide. In Ukraine, entrepreneurial activity faces numerous challenges, including political and economic instability, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, an imperfect regulatory framework, martial law, low market capitalization, unfavorable investment conditions, and issues with the taxation system. The purpose of the paper is to conduct a comprehensive study of effective economic and legal regulatory concepts aimed at enhancing competitiveness, stimulating innovation potential, and supporting the sustainable development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Ukraine. Among the shortcomings of the legal framework governing entrepreneurship, the following can be highlighted: ambiguity, instability, and contradictions in the current regulatory framework; the practically non-functional nature of many legal acts; a very low level of compliance with regulatory documents; the presence of numerous vague legal norms that allow for arbitrary interpretation; and the unjustified restrictions and requirements found in some legislative acts. Improving the regulatory framework for business activity in Ukraine is a crucial task for fostering economic growth and attracting investments. Key areas for improvement include simplifying registration and licensing procedures by increasing transparency, promoting the use of electronic services, reforming the tax system, ensuring entrepreneurs' rights by safeguarding property rights and providing effective resolution of commercial disputes, and fostering innovation and the development of SMEs.
Possibilities of managing the bank's financial security based on the five-petal model
Authors: LEVCHENKO Valentyna , CHERNYSHOV Mykyta
Published: January 2025

The paper is devoted to the analysis of methods and approaches to ensuring the financial security of banking institutions.
The purpose of the paper is to study theoretical and practical approaches to managing the financial security of a bank using the five-petal model and develop methodological recommendations for their practical application.
As a result of the research, it was established that the banking sector of Ukraine, despite the war that has begun, continues to operate smoothly, while implementing measures to strengthen its stability, strength and security. It is determined that the financial security of the banking system is an important component of the country's financial and national security. The paper considers the five-petal model as an innovative approach to assessing and managing risks. The authors proposes a model consisting of five main components (petals): economic, legal, technological, organizational and information security. The authors offers methodological recommendations for the practical application of the five-petal model to improve the financial security management system of banks, which allows reducing the level of risks and increasing the efficiency of financial operations.
The results of the study are a relevant addition to the understanding of security problems in the banking sector and can be useful for financial specialists, as well as for managers and regulators who study and improve security management practices in the banking sector.
Conclusions. To improve the financial security management system of Ukrainian banks, it is recommended to use the five-petal complex model proposed by the author. This model provides for a quantitative and qualitative assessment of the current economic condition of the bank, identification of critical moments of the financial condition and forecasting of future activities in accordance with the development strategy, taking into account potential shocks.
Information Technology (IT) and Supply Function of Nigerian Breweries PLC
Authors: Usman Walid Ibrahim , Abdulrazaq Lukman Abolarinwa , Ayaghena Rasaq Ozemede , Joshua Sonia Sim
Published: January 2025

This study examines the impact of information technology (IT) on the supply function of Nigerian Breweries Plc., focusing on its role in enhancing operational efficiency, streamlining procurement processes, and improving supplier relationships. A descriptive research design was adopted, utilizing primary data collected through questionnaires distributed to supply chain staff at Nigerian Breweries Plc. out of 120 distributed questionnaires, 110 were retrieved, yielding a response rate of 91.67%. The findings reveal that IT infrastructure significantly enhances supply chain efficiency by enabling real-time inventory management, accurate demand forecasting, and improved supplier collaboration. However, challenges such as high maintenance costs, frequent system downtimes, and skill gaps among employees were identified as barriers to optimal IT utilization. The study concludes that while IT plays a critical role in modernizing supply chain operations, addressing these challenges through continuous training, robust system maintenance, and investment in advanced technologies is essential for sustained effectiveness. This research provides valuable insights for industry practitioners and contributes to the growing body of literature on IT adoption in supply chain management.
Transformational Leadership and Employee Performance Among Hotels in Lagos Metropolis
Authors: Filani Precious , Peter Izang Patience , Saifudeen Abdullahi , Nwannebuife Ajalie Stanley
Published: January 2025

This study aims to examine the effect of transformational leadership on employee performance in five-star hotels in Lekki, Lagos. The study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how different dimensions of transformational leadership contribute to enhancing employee performance in the hospitality sector. The study adopts a descriptive survey research design, targeting employees from five selected five-star hotels in Lekki, Lagos. The total population comprises 450 employees, and a sample size of 210 respondents is determined using the Yaro Yamane formula at a 95% confidence level and 5% margin of error. Stratified random sampling was used to ensure representation across various hotel departments. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire, validated for content and construct, and tested for reliability using Cronbach’s Alpha (0.82). Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between transformational leadership dimensions and employee performance outcomes. The findings reveal that idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and employee recognition significantly impact employee productivity, job satisfaction, creativity, engagement, and retention. These dimensions of transformational leadership were shown to foster a positive work environment, motivating employees to enhance performance and contribute to organizational success. The study concludes that transformational leadership is crucial for improving employee performance in hotels. It recommends investing in leadership training, fostering creativity, providing individualized support, recognizing employee contributions, and cultivating a positive organizational culture to enhance overall performance and employee satisfaction.
DISPARITIES IN THE UTILISATION OF FAMILY PLANNING SERVICES AMONG THE DISTRICTS OF SOUTH INDIA: A REVIEW OF NFHS-5
Authors: Gopan Adwaith , B.J. Binu Kumar
Published: January 2025

Family Planning Services has always been a top priority in Indian policy-making, but the utilisation and implementation of its service have been sub-optimal. The present study focuses on the district-wise inequalities in utilising South Indian districts. The district-wise analysis of the fifth round of the NFHS was used for the study. Five variables are taken from the data: Sterilisations, contraceptives, reproductive services, quality of family planning services, and total unmet needs. The cluster analysis is done to classify districts into homogenous groups, and descriptive analysis is used for comparing the utilisation of states. Three clusters were formed from the cluster analysis, characterised by high, medium, and low utilisation. States like Andhra Pradesh and Telangana recorded higher usage, and the rest were scattered around medium and low utilisation. The higher unmet needs in lower utilisation groups indicate improper implementation and target intervention is required to increase efficiency in family planning initiatives.
UNVEILING REALITIES: NAVIGATING CASTE, CLASS, GENDER, AND PATRIARCHY IN RURAL INDIA THROUGH THE LENS OF 'PARCHED’
Authors: Trivedi Grishma Manishbhai
Published: January 2025

India is a major player in the global film industry, producing and consuming vast amounts of cinema. Despite this, there has been a lack of attention paid to the portrayal of cis-female sexuality in Indian cinema. The female perspective has long been underrepresented or mischaracterized, with many traditional stereotypes and cultural expectations being perpetuated. This research aims to address this gap by focusing on “Parched”, a movie set in rural Gujarat, that explores the complex terrain of female sexuality and gender dynamics. It focuses on the intersectionality of gender, class, and patriarchy, and highlights the resilience of the female characters in navigating cultural landscapes. The study contributes to the discourse on cinema, sexuality, and cultural elements in rural India, challenging existing heteronormative boundaries, and encouraging a broader perspective beyond prescribed norms. This research highlights how the film "Parched," set in rural Gujarat, brings to the forefront the often-overlooked issues of gender, class, and patriarchy in rural India. By focusing on "Parched" within the rural Indian context, the paper seeks to contribute to the discourse on cinema, sexuality, and the complex interplay of cultural elements in rural India.
WORKING PEDAGOGY IN THE 21ST CENTURY: EXPLORING OBSTACLES AND WAYS FORWARD FOR TECHNICAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Garaba Athanas M.
Published: January 2025

The current landscape of technological changes introduces complexities in the selection and decision-making regarding working pedagogy in the 21st century. The 21st century has seen a lot of changes in the way teachers teach. Technological development has changed the teaching styles, and this has led to new challenges for educators in schools, colleges and universities. This study focused on the current obstacles that teachers face in higher education and in particular in technical education. It also looked at possible solutions to these barriers. In order to get a better understanding of how technical teachers feel about the topic under study, the researcher designed a qualitative study. However, this case study was based on a semi-structured interview and direct observation that were conducted over the one semester. In addition, the sample selection was based on convenience. As such, three main categories—junior teachers, senior teachers, and experts—were established for a more refined selection process. In each department, four respondents were chosen and interviewed, resulting in a total of twelve interviews along with 18 direct observations. All in all, the findings of the study indicate that technical teachers in 21st century are facing a number of obstacles that negatively impact the teaching-learning process. These obstacles can be broken down into four main categories: technological obstacle, resistance to change obstacle, administration obstacle and resource obstacles. At technical institution, there must have embraced most of new pedagogies for self-learning and lifelong learning. Finally, the participants suggested addressing these challenges by conducting action research, offering continuous professional development (CPD) courses, and providing appropriate practical assistance on how to incorporate technology into the teaching/learning progressions.
THE RESURGENT DEMAND FOR “TIPRALAND” IN TRIPURA: CONTEXTS AND IMPLICATIONS
Authors: Debbarma Amaresh , Haokip Khaikholen
Published: January 2025

Contemporary politics in Tripura is marked by the resurgence of the contentious demand for “Tipraland” – separate statehood for tribals. Based on the data derived from interview and secondary sources, this essay provides a critical examination of the context and factors behind the resurgence of this demand and its potential long-term implications for peace and stability in the state. It argues that strident articulation of identity politics by the tribals in Tripura, in the form of Tipraland, will remain so long as their legitimate concerns over land, identity, and marginalization remain unaddressed.
Imaging study of hidden bleeding in knee joint of hemophilia patients
Authors:   Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq, Nazar Hasan Farah , Al-Dean Kassim Amir Hadi Taj ,   Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq, Umran Mayada Mohammed ,   Imam Al-Hussein Medical-City, Karbala Health Directorate, Ministry of Health, Karbala, Iraq
Published: January 2025

Background. Hemophilia is the most prevalent severe inherited bleeding disorder, affecting an estimated 1 in 10,000 live births. Over 1,500 individuals in Iraq have hemophilia. Radiology is crucial in evaluating knee hemarthrosis in hemophilia. This study aimed to compare the accuracy of ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting hemophilic changes in knee joints. Methods. A cross-sectional study included 36 hemophilia patients –30 males (83.3%), mean age 9.81 years, and 6 females (16.7%), mean age 3.86 years), who attended the Department of Radiology, Al-Hilla General Hospital from July 26, 2023, to May 29, 2024. Ultrasonography was used to asses synovial thickness, cartilage thickness, vascularity, effusion and joint bleeding, while MRI allowed the assessment of joint effusion, synovial hypertrophy, hemosiderin deposits, surface erosions, subchondral cysts and cartilage degradation. Data included age, sex, hemophilia severity, and joint involvement. Results. The right knee was most affected in 23 patients (63.9%). Moderate hemophilia accounted for 63.9% of cases (23 patients), while severe hemophilia comprised 36.1% (13 patients). US detected synovial thickness in 8.3% (3 patients), elevated vascularity in 25.0% (9 patients), and effusion in 13.9% (5 patients). MRI showed effusion in 33.3% (12 patients), synovial hypertrophy in 11.1% (4 patients), surface erosions in 8.3% (3 patients), and extension of supra patellar in 11.1% (4 patients). Gender had a direct impact on synovial thickness in US (OR=16.0, P=0.027) and extension of the suprapatellar region in MRI (OR=8.0, P=0.008). The right knee joint was a significant predictor in MRI findings: effusion (OR=4.2, P=0.05), surface erosion (OR=11.3, P=0.015), and extension of the suprapatellar region (OR=6.6, P=0.012). MRI had higher sensitivity (91.67% vs. 86.11%) but lower specificity (81.11% vs. 83.33%) compared to US. MRI was more accurate overall (89.72%, P<0.0001). Conclusions. The pediatric age group, male gender, and right-sided joint involvement were the most common features of hemophilic changes. US is cost-effective and specific for detecting synovial thickening, elevated vascularity, and joint effusion. Gender and knee joint side directly impact the findings of US and MRI in patients with hemophilia. MRI excels in sensitivity and accuracy for joint effusion and erosions. Both modalities complement each other in managing hemophilic knee changes.
JWST Discovery of a Very Fast Biconical Outflow of Warm Molecular Gas in the Nearby Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxy F08572+3915 NW
Authors: Dan Kylie Yui , Seebeck Jerome , Veilleux Sylvain , Rupke David , Gonzalez-Alfonso Eduardo , Garcia-Bernete Ismael , Liu Weizhe , Lutz Dieter , Melendez Marcio , Pereira Santaella Miguel , Sturm Eckhard , Tombesi Francesco
Published: January 2025

We present new James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Mid-Infrared Instrument Medium-Resolution Spectrometer observations of the nearby ultraluminous infrared galaxy (ULIRG) F08572+3915 NW. These integral field spectroscopic (IFS) data reveal a kpc-scale warm-molecular rotating disk and biconical outflow traced by the H2
ν = 0–0 S(1), S(2), S(3), and S(5) rotational transitions. The outflow maintains a relatively constant median (maximum) projected velocity of 1100 km s−1 (3000 km s−1) out to ∼1.4 kpc from the nucleus. The outflowing H2 material is slightly warmer (640–700 K) than the rotating disk material (460–520 K), perhaps due to shock heating in the highly turbulent outflowing material. This outflow shares the same kinematics and orientation as the sub-kiloparsec scale warm H2 outflow traced by the rovibrational H2 lines in Keck AO near-infrared IFS data. However, this warm H2 outflow is significantly faster than the sub-kiloparsec-scale cold molecular outflow derived from multi-transition far-infrared OH observations with Herschel and the greater than or equivalent to kiloparsec-scale cold molecular outflow mapped by millimeter-wave interferometric CO 1–0 observations with IRAM-PdBI and NOEMA. The new JWST data bolster the scenario where the buried quasar in this ULIRG is excavating the dust screen, accelerating perhaps as much as 60% of the dusty warm molecular material to velocities beyond the escape velocity, and thus influencing the evolution of the host galaxy.
Comparison of Bar Formation Mechanisms. I. Does a Tidally Induced Bar Rotate Slower than an Internally Induced Bar?
Authors: Zheng Yirui , Shen Juntai
Published: January 2025

Galactic bars can form via the internal bar instability or external tidal perturbations by other galaxies. We systematically compare the properties of the bars formed through the two mechanisms with a series of controlled N-body simulations that form bars through internal or external mechanisms. We create three disk galaxy models with different dynamical “hotness” and evolve them in isolation and under flyby interactions. In the cold- and warm-disk models, where bars can form spontaneously in isolation, tidally induced bars are promoted to a more “advanced” evolutionary stage. However, these bars have similar pattern speeds to those formed spontaneously within the same disk. Bars formed from both mechanisms have similar distributions in pattern-speed–bar-strength (Ω
p
 − A
2) space and exhibit comparable ratios of corotation radius to bar length (

R
=

R

CR

/

R

bar

). Dynamical analyses suggest that the inner stellar disk loses the same amount of angular momentum, irrespective of the presence or intensity of the perturbation, which possibly explains the resemblance between tidally and spontaneously formed bars. In the hot-disk model, which avoids the internal bar instability in isolation, a bar forms only under perturbations and rotates more slowly than those in the cold and warm disks. Thus, if “tidally induced bars” refer exclusively to those in galaxies that are otherwise stable against bar instability, they indeed rotate slower than internally induced ones. However, the pattern speed difference is due to the difference in the internal properties of the bar host galaxies, not the different formation mechanisms.
Article 4. L’approche inverse dans les technologies
Authors: Scarano Eduardo
Published: January 2025

Mario Bunge souligne que la technologie est fondamentalement liée à la science et à sa méthode, autrement il s’agirait d’une technique pure. Mais il souligne également qu’elle ne se réduit pas à la science, car elle intègre d’autres éléments. Il est particulièrement préoccupé par l’étude du lien entre technologie et science. Sur la base de leur caractérisation, ces autres éléments sont explorés – l’approche inverse. Cette perspective permet une caractérisation épistémologique plus approfondie des technologies.
Optimal classes of memory-type estimators of population mean for temporal surveys
Authors: Kumar Anoop , Kumari Renu , Alomair Abdullah Mohammed
Published: January 2025

In this article, we explore how to efficiently estimate the population mean utilizing past and current sample information through exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) statistics in temporal surveys. We propose some optimal classes of memory-type estimators of population mean for temporal surveys within the framework of simple random sampling (SRS). We derive the expressions for the bias and mean square error (MSE) of the suggested estimators up to first-order approximation. We compare the traditional and newly introduced memory-type estimators and establish the efficiency conditions. Moreover, we conduct a thorough simulation study using real and artificial populations to refine our theoretical outcomes. The simulation results show that studying past and current sample data increase the efficiency of the proposed estimators.
Helena Beristáin y la retórica: entre hispanismo, indigenismo y cultura popular (México, 1927-2013)
Authors: Díaz Alejandra , López Taylor Rosa Vesta
Published: January 2025

Helena Beristáin Díaz (1927-2013) fue una reconocida profesora de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Su legado incluye obras especializadas, didácticas y de divulgación. Entre ellas figuran su Gramática estructural de la lengua española (1975) y el Diccionario de retórica y poética (1985). Trascendió su formación filológica sin renunciar a ella, al explorar el estructuralismo lingüístico y la semiótica; fue pionera en la renovación del análisis retórico en América Latina. Concibió al pueblo español como mestizo en su génesis, y fundador de otros pueblos mestizos en América. Se interesó por la cultura popular, en la cual encontró uno de sus mayores retos intelectuales: la elucidación del albur, un juego verbal regido por normas situacionales, cuya tradición se remonta a los siglos coloniales y cuyas bases se arraigan en la práctica de la sexualidad, así como en la dominación colonial y patriarcal.
Cartografia sensível na comunicação
Authors: Ventura Jussia , Rodarte Lidia
Published: January 2025

Este artigo tem por objetivo a construção de uma Cartografia Sensível como proposta metodológica para a Comunicação Social. Buscamos desenvolver um método que mapeie os pontos de contato, de interação, com o objetivo de analisar o que promove o afeto entre um público e um produto midiático. Para isso, nos apoiamos na fenomenologia, suas técnicas metodológicas e categorias de análise, definindo, aqui, duas categorias para empreender a análise: temporalidade e cooperação; visto que ambas se relacionam de forma a moldar interações e relações. A metodologia proposta faz referência aos princípios rizomáticos de Deleuze e Guattari (2007), porém ancorada na cartografia proposta por  Martín-Barbero (2002), que possui como característica a fluidez.
Reflexões sobre cartografia a partir do pesquisador-fenômeno
Authors: Guimarães Martins Bruno , David Vieira William
Published: January 2025

Neste artigo, exploramos uma narrativa que privilegia como partida o “eu” do pesquisador-fenômeno – a vivência de um dos autores do texto, organizada enquanto este caminha por um pequeno trecho, previamente escolhido, da cidade de Ouro Preto (MG/Brasil). Diante de tal experiência recortada, impõe-se uma cartografia que induz e sustenta o relato trazido pela vivência, compondo então a metodologia, juntamente com um percurso teórico embasado no campo da comunicação, mas que aciona mais disciplinas, como antropologia, história e literatura. Isso nos faz suscitar reflexões analíticas da ordem da aparição do gesto cartográfico em uma escrita autoetnográfica, o que permite situar o leitor numa tessitura social cujas realidades ora descritas, ora imaginadas são tão mutáveis quanto aqueles que se movem pelo referido espaço urbano.
Cartografias jornalísticas
Authors: Laranjeira Antônio Heleno C , Aguiar Sonia
Published: January 2025

Este artigo aborda as “cartografias jornalísticas” como um intercampo de estudos a partir das Geografias da Comunicação e das Geocomunicações, cujos pressupostos epistemológicos e metodológicos mobilizam conhecimentos das áreas de Geografia, Comunicação e Computação. Inicialmente, apresenta-se brevemente o processo de transformação da cartografia sob o impacto das chamadas geotecnologias e das plataformas digitais. Em seguida, reconstitui-se a trajetória de construção (ainda inacabada) do conceito de “cartografia jornalística”, a partir de uma busca exploratória do termo em quatro idiomas, na qual fica evidente o protagonismo dos geógrafos em detrimento dos pesquisadores da Comunicação e do Jornalismo. Por fim, propõe-se uma discussão sobre a relação dos mapas midiáticos com a eficácia comunicativa e a ética jornalística, tomando-se o “geojornalismo” inaugurado pelo projeto InfoAmazonia como paradigmático. Conclui-se pela urgência de uma agenda de pesquisa sobre a cartografia na perspectiva da Comunicação e dos Estudos do Jornalismo.
Preparation and Characterization of Self-Healing Natural Rubber (NR) Based on Zinc Diacrylate Networks
Authors: Ismadi Nurul Fatihah Binti , Zaini Nurul Aizan Mohd , Samsudin Dalina , Hashim Faiezah , Salim Zainathul Akhmar Salim Binti Abdul
Published: January 2025

Nowadays, the use of rubber products such as tyres, bearings, shoe soles, hoses, and cables are increasing due to its high strain to failure. However, the indestructible cross-linking of sulphur or peroxide chains in vulcanized rubber could complicate the biodegradation, reprocessing, and recycling of rubber products. Due to these crucial problems, the increasing number of rubber-based products worldwide will lead to environmental hazards. An alternative strategy to address this problem is to give elastomers the ability to self-heal, thus promoting their reusability. Zinc diacrylate (ZDA) salt was used as a self-healing agent in NR. The ionic interaction of the self-healing process between natural rubber (NR) and ZDA were investigated, and successful grafting was demonstrated by FTIR analysis. The results showed that NR with 10 phr of ZDA had the highest tensile strength and elongation at break, which was also proved by microscopic images. The image showed no visible gap between the fractured contact surface of NR indicating an efficient self-healing mechanism. Therefore, this study has proven the potential of ZDA as a self-healing agent to NR compound and is expected to pave the way for environmentally friendly rubber products.
Effect of Eu2+ Activator on the Structural and Optical Properties of BaBrX(X= F, Cl, I) Synthesized via Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Izzuddin Izura , Ahmad Fuzi Siti Aishah , Rahim Sapizah
Published: January 2025

Barium halide activated with Eu is a typical phosphor material used in imaging plates for computed radiography applications. In this study, BaBrX: Eu (X = Cl, I) was synthesized via the hydrothermal technique. The aim of this study is to further explore the feasibility of the hydrothermal method for synthesizing phosphor materials. This was determined by studying the effect of Eu addition on the structural and optical properties of BaBrX (X = Cl, I). X-ray diffraction (XRD) was employed to determine the crystallinity of the prepared samples, while optical properties were observed using photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The sharp, narrow, and high-intensity peaks of XRD diffractogram indicated that all samples exhibited good crystallinity. The addition of the Eu element as an activator resulted in a blue-shift with broad and higher intensity of the main emission peak for several samples. This study demonstrates that the addition of the Eu element to the host materials has altered the structural properties and improved the optical properties of the prepared samples, significantly demonstrating the feasibility of the hydrothermal method for synthesizing phosphor materials.
Response Surface Modelling of Titania Photoanode Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) Using Central Composite Design
Authors: Sharif Noor Fadzilah Mohamed , Seri Nur Arisya Samsudin , Tawil Siti Nooraya Mohd , Nazar Nazatul Shiema Binti Moh , Anis Shahida Niza Binti Mokhtar , Shafie Suhaidi , Samaila Buda
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this work is to enhance the performance of photoanode element in Dye-Sensitised Solar Cells (DSSC) by using a Response Surface Methodology (RSM) technique. Most of previous work related to photoanode enhancement have relied on the traditional method known as One Factor at a Time (OFAT), which has the limitation to evaluate the interaction effect for TiO2 Thickness and dye molarity. To address this issue, RSM is used to model and optimize the performance of DSSC parameters by studying the relationship between two parameters namely TiO2 film thickness and the concentration of N719 dye molarity . The RSM technique helps in finding the best mathematical model on how these parameters interact and affect the result of Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE). The result from this study shown that these two variables, TiO2 film thickness at 10 µm and the concentration of N719 at 0.4mM are significant and generated the highest value of PCE at 2.86%, with high coefficient of determination R2 (0.9983). The R2 of 0.9983 is close to 1 shows the strong correlation between the variables TiO2 film thickness and the concentration of N719 dye molarity.
Single treatment selective laser trabeculoplasty in a Southern African resource-constrained context
Authors: Pons Emma J. , Pons Jonathan J. , Grossman Elly S. , Louw Daniel , Werbeloff Merle
Published: January 2025

Background: In a resource-constrained environment, selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) is an attractive option. This study’s primary objective is to report real-world outcomes in terms of reduction in intraocular pressure, reduction in topical treatment and further surgery required.Methods: A retrospective case series of consecutive patients who received SLT between 01 January 2017 and 31 December 2018 was conducted. Patient data were captured for up to 21 months.Results: In all, 59 eyes of 36 patients were analysed. The mean patient age was 57.8 years (± 10.0). Sixty four per cent of the patients had SLT on both eyes. 83% of the patients were black ethnicity or of mixed race ethnicity. There was a significant and sustained intraocular pressure reduction (median reduction = 25.8%, IQR = 5.3%, 40.4%) from pre-SLT to 10–15 months (Wilcoxon T = 27.5, p = 0.002). The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis estimated that 60% of patients required no treatment escalation for up to 21 months. Neither cup-disc ratio nor pre-treatment intraocular pressure were found to be a predictive factor of treatment success or failure (p = 0.675 and p = 0.128).Conclusion: The results of this study support the use of SLT for patients with not only mild to moderate glaucoma but also advanced glaucoma in a Southern African, resource-limited context. The results demonstrate ongoing benefit for these patients up to 21 months following a single treatment.Contribution: This research provides, for the first time, long-term data from a low-resourced setting on the use of SLT in the treatment of glaucoma in Eswatini.
Bridging bioengineering and nanotechnology: Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell-exosome solutions for peripheral nerve injury
Authors: Chang Jun , Yin Xiu-Mei , Zhang Man , Liu Jian-Wei , Zhao Lan
Published: January 2025

Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is a common disease that is difficult to nerve regeneration with current therapies. Fortunately, Zou et al demonstrated the role and mechanism of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in promoting nerve regeneration, revealing broad prospects for BMSCs transplantation in alleviating PNI. We confirmed the fact that BMSCs significantly alleviate PNI, but there are shortcomings such as low cell survival rate and immune rejection, which limit the wide application of BMSCs. BMSCs-derived exosomes (Exos) are considered as a promising cell-free nanomedicine for PNI, avoiding the ethical issues of BMSCs. Exos in combination with bioengineering therapeutics (including extracellular matrix, hydrogel) brings new hope for PNI, provides a favorable microenvironment for neurological restoration and a therapeutic strategy with a favorable safety profile, significantly increases expression of neurotrophic factors, promotes axonal and myelin regeneration, and demonstrates a strong potential to enhance neurogenesis. Therefore, engineered Exos exhibit better properties, such as stronger targeting and more beneficial components. This article briefly describes the role of nanotechnology and bioengineering therapies for BMSCs in PNI, proposes clinical application prospects and challenges of nanotechnology and bioengineering BMSCs-derived Exos in PNI to improve the efficacy of BMSCs in the treatment of PNI.
Extended protective effects of three dimensional cultured human mesenchymal stromal cells in a neuroinflammation model
Authors: Kim Ok-Hyeon , Kang Hana , Chang Eun Seo , Lim Younghyun , Seo Young-Jin , Lee Hyun Jung
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) possess regenerative potential due to pluripotency and paracrine functions. However, their stemness and immunomodulatory capabilities are sub-optimal in conventional two-dimensional (2D) culture.

AIM

To enhance the efficiency and therapeutic efficacy of MSCs, an in vivo -like 3D culture condition was applied.

METHODS

MSCs were cultured on polystyrene (2D) or in a gellan gum-based 3D system. In vitro , prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2, indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase, heme oxygenase 1, and prostaglandin E synthase gene expression was quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. MSCs were incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mouse splenocytes, and prostaglandin E2 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. In vivo , LPS was injected into the lateral ventricle of mouse brain, and MSCs were administered intravenously the next day. Animals were sacrificed and analyzed on days 2 and 6.

RESULTS

Gellan gum polymer-based 3D culture significantly increased expression of octamer-binding transcription factor 4 and Nanog homeobox stemness markers in human MSCs compared to 2D culture. This 3D environment also heightened expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and heme-oxygenase 1, enzymes known for immunomodulatory functions, including production of prostaglandins and heme degradation, respectively. MSCs in 3D culture secreted more prostaglandin E2 and effectively suppressed tumor necrosis factor-alpha release from LPS-stimulated splenocytes and surpassed the efficiency of MSCs cultured in 2D. In a murine neuroinflammation model, intravenous injection of 3D-cultured MSCs significantly reduced ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein expression, mitigating chronic inflammation more effectively than 2D-cultured MSCs.

CONCLUSION

The microenvironment established in 3D culture serves as an in vivo mimetic, enhancing the immunomodulatory function of MSCs. This suggests that engineered MSCs hold significant promise a potent tool for cell therapy.
Protective activity of adipose-derived stem cell extracellular vesicles in ischemia and/or reperfusion
Authors: Berezin Alexander E
Published: January 2025

Increasing evidence of the significant clinical value of protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury has contributed to the realization of the independent importance of this approach in improving prognosis and reducing cardiovascular mortality. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived by adipose mesenchymal stem cells may mediate the paracrine effects of stem cells and provide regenerative and anti-inflammatory properties, which are enhanced by γ-aminobutyric acid. The protective effects on cardiac myocytes may result from the EV embarked by miR-21-5p, which is a target for thioredoxin-interacting protein, regulating the formation of thioredoxin-interacting protein-thioredoxin complexes and subsequently enhancing the antioxidant activity of thioredoxin. It has been found that γ-aminobutyric acid governs myocardial bioenergetics through suppressing inflammation and supporting mitochondrial structure. Finally, stem cell-based cell-free therapy based on adipose-derived stem cell EVs is considered a promising approach to individualized management of ischemia-induced cardiomyopathy.
Potentiality of Bambusa, Phyllostachys and Urochloa species to vegetate degraded areas
Authors: França Cibele Dutra de , Sodré Filho Joilson
Published: January 2025

Bamboos and forage grasses (Poaceae) can be used as recovery plants in degraded tropical areas, because of their fast plant growth and dense root systems. This study evaluated the survival, growth and dry matter production of four bamboo species (Bambusa gracilis, Bambusa vulgaris, Phyllostachys aurea and Phyllostachys sp.) and one forage grass (Urochloa decumbens) in two substrates. The experiment was established in a completely randomized design: 5 × 2 factorial scheme, with five recovery plants and two substrates (chemical or organic), with five replicates. Seedlings survival and several root growth parameters were evaluated at 60, 120 and 180 days after planting. Organic substrate increased the survival of the recovery plants compared to the chemical one. Phyllostachys aurea produced the highest root dry matter, surface area and volume of roots and U. decumbens also showed the highest length and the same root growth parameters. The maximum length of thin roots was observed in Phyllostachys sp. and in B. vulgaris. The studied species are recommended as recovering plants in degraded areas, due to their high incidence of thin roots in larger proportions than thick roots.
Inmunidad Parlamentaria y Reforma Constitucional en el Perú
Authors: Villanueva Córdova Yrvin Jaime
Published: January 2025

El objeto del presente estudio fue analizar el abuso de la inmunidad parlamentaria y la necesidad de una Reforma Constitucional del Perú, 2022. Para ello se recurrió al enfoque cualitativo y la investigación es de tipo básica, con nivel explicativa con los métodos heurístico y hermenéutico en la que se evaluará las variables objeto de estudio. Se aplicó la técnica de la entrevista con su instrumento cuestionario y recopilación documental denominada “Análisis de Registro Documental”, la cual ha permitido acopiar el material documental apropiado, concordante con la finalidad del estudio. Luego, la ficha de registro de datos; con respuestas que son la opinión de cada uno de los entrevistados. Se consideró las respectivas dimensiones de las dos variables, así como, la correlación de las variables, sus dimensiones, categorías y subcategorías.
Understanding the Patch Dynamics of a few Homogenous and Heterogenous Vegetational Patches
Authors: Dhammar Rekha G. , Odedra Kunal N. , Jadeja B. A.
Published: January 2025

Variations in size and shape distinguish vegetation patches across different ecosystems. Nonetheless, recent research highlights notable parallels in the dynamics of these patches and the mechanisms governing their formation and persistence. Two primary types, banded and spotted vegetation, characterized by their patch shapes, stem from shared mechanisms, albeit each type is predominantly influenced by a distinct driver. Banded vegetation emerges when water primarily facilitates the redistribution of materials and propagules, whereas spotted vegetation arises when wind serves as the primary redistributing force. Overall, the analysis underscores how patchy vegetation structures bolster primary production. According to Patch Dynamics theory, vegetation can be categorized into homogeneous and heterogeneous patches, with seasonal conditions playing a pivotal role in the coexistence of various vegetation types. Understanding mechanisms of coexistence necessitates a thorough grasp of the ecophysiological responses of dominant species to different patch types. Consequently, this study aimed to discern the ecophysiological reactions of species to two distinct patch categories. Throughout the examination of Patch Dynamics, both patch species exhibited the highest photosynthetic capacity within their respective patches. Parameters such as Leaf Area Index (LAI), the number of individuals (N), biomass, height (h), weight, and others manifested changes across patch types. Notably, species within the banded patch exhibited heightened sensitivity and more substantial fluctuations in their values compared to those in the spotted patch. These differential responses to distinct patches offer insights into potential mechanisms facilitating species coexistence.
Enhancing Food Security Through Sustainable Agriculture: Investigating the Allelopathic Effects of Sorghum on Weed Management in Field Pea (Pisum sativum var. arvense)
Authors: Patra Prantick , Jaswal Anita , Fatima Iza
Published: January 2025

Allelopathy can be a viable approach to address the issues of environmental degradation by reducing the use of herbicides and herbicide-resistant weeds. Allelopathic crop residues have a lot of potential for improving soil quality and suppressing weed growth. A field experiment at an agronomic research farm, Lovely Professional University in Phagwara, Punjab, examined the effects of water extracts and crop residues from sorghum on the population of weeds, indices of weed management, and the productivity of field peas. The experiment during the year 2022-2023 comprised in randomized block design with 2 levels of Sorghum water extract (1:10, 1:20 w/v), 3 levels of Sorghum stalk soil incorporation @ 2, 4, 6 Mg.ha-1, Sorghum surface mulching at 10tonnes ha-1, Field pea and rabi sorghum intercropping at 2:1, Weedy check and hand weeding. The findings showed that the sorghum surface mulching, addition of sorghum water extract, and sorghum stalk incorporation significantly altered the dynamics of weeds which was comparable with hand weeding. In the case of weed density (9.17 no.m-2), weed fresh (7.66g), and dry weight (3.0g) hand weeding gave the best result which was followed by sorghum surface mulching with 10.77 weeds no.m-2, 10.11 g weed fresh weight and 4.26gm weed dry weight. The highest weed control efficiency (80.9%) was recorded in hand weeding which was followed by sorghum water extract (1:10) and sorghum stalk incorporation (4 Mg.ha-1). The weed management index, weed persistence index, and agronomic management index showed an inverse relationship with weed control efficiency. Hand weeding (20, 40, 60 DAS) gave the highest grain yield (2897 kg.ha-1) of field pea followed by Sorghum surface mulching. Yield attributes were calculated which prescribed that all the treatments significantly reduced the weed infestation and increased the yield attributes over a weedy check. Hand weeding gave the best result, but it is not economical due to the intensive labor requirement. Initiating sustainable weed control and significantly improving the nutrient content of field peas can be achieved through sorghum surface mulching, sorghum stalk incorporation at 4 Mg.ha-1, and sorghum water extract (1:10). These practices can contribute to environmentally friendly and sustainable agriculture.
Untold Stories in the History of Anthropology: Japan, Colonialism, Anglophone Hegemony, and World Anthropologies
Authors: KUWAYAMA Takami
Published: January 2025

In what Tomas Gerholm called the “world system of anthropology,” dominated by the United States, Great Britain, and France, the history of anthropology outside these central countries is rarely told. Japan is no exception, despite having one of the largest anthropological associations in the world in terms of membership. To fill this gap in knowledge, this article first describes the development of Japanese anthropology, with particular attention to its origins in the late nineteenth century, when the Ainu were a major object of study, and to Japan’s colonial past in later periods. The relationship between anthropology and folklore studies is also discussed. The article then explains why Japan has been relegated to the periphery in terms of the power imbalance in the academic world system. Japan is not alone in this regard, and the attempt by many concerned people to redress the imbalance has recently led to the “world anthropologies” project. After examining how this project has evolved, the article offers some practical suggestions for its implementation.
Silicone Granulomas: The Good, the Bad, the Ugly
Authors: Samlaska Curt
Published: January 2025

Liquid Injectable Silicone (LIS) has become a widely utilized material in various cosmetic interventions such as body contouring and enhancement. While these applications often yield positive aesthetic and functional outcomes, the use of silicone is not without risks, earning an FDA warning. This cautionary stance prompts some patients to seek LIS treatment from unlicensed practitioners inside and outside of the US. Adverse effects of LIS use can vary, from infections, necrosis and embolization. Silicone-induced granulomas, though infrequently reported, represent a challenging complication that can manifest in the aftermath of cosmetic procedures acutely and many years later. This case report aims to contribute to the growing body of literature on silicone-induced granulomas by presenting a unique clinical case.
Etiological Factors Contributing to Red Eye in Basrah: A Clinical Study
Authors: Al-sabti Mokhles Jerri Meften
Published: January 2025

Background: Redness of the Eye (RE) results from alterations in the ocular blood vessels, specifically the dilation of conjunctival vessels, sclera or surrounding scleral structures, attributable to trauma, chemical burns, immunologic responses and inflammatory reactions. This study sought to identify the causes of RE disease in cases from Mazandaran, Northern Iran.

Methods: The 540 patients that had previously been referred to the ophthalmological in-clinics were the subjects of a descriptive research. All examples displaying RE were included in the selection criteria. The ophthalmologists at the hospital’s in-clinic reviewed the patients after collecting the necessary case history information. An ophthalmoscope, fluorescein paper, a slit lamp, a Snellen chart for measuring visual acuity, flashlights for pupil evaluation and other instruments are required for the ophthalmological examination. All parts of the eye, including the lids and eyebrows, were examined during the ophthalmological examination. Changes in eye color and elevation of conjunctival vessels, as detected by slit lamp examination and observation, were the criteria for the right eye.

Results: The gender breakdown of the 540 cases examined was 325 males (62.5%) and 215 females (37.5%). Most people were 39 years old. The following conditions were found to be the causes of Res: conjunctivitis, trauma, keratitis, pterygium, episcleritis, glaucoma, blepharitis, dacryocystitis, uveitis, vascular issues, burns, UV of sun, chalazion and scleritis. For conjunctive causes, vascular problems, dacryocystitis, glaucoma, pterygium and foreign bodies, respectively, there was a statistically significant connection with patient age. In cases with reactive epitheliopathy, men living in rural regions were more likely to be diagnosed with a foreign body, whereas women residing in urban areas were more likely to be diagnosed with viral conjunctivitis.

Conclusion: Conjunctival edema, foreign bodies, ocular dryness, iritis, keratitis, acute glaucoma, corneal abrasion, conjunctival hemorrhage and penetrating trauma are the main causes of REs. Painful Red Eye Syndrome (RED) can have many different causes, including but not limited to: conjunctivitis, inflammation of the scleral sac, keratitis, corneal abrasion, inflammation of the iris, infection within the eye, glaucoma (acute or chronic), trauma, subconjunctival hemorrhage, corneal burns, chemical burns, foreign bodies in the cornea, ocular trauma (both penetrating and non-penetrating) and other common conditions like eye dryness and blepharitis. Research evaluating the effectiveness of treating patients with REs should be undertaken.