bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bir Stresör Olarak Yoğun Bakım
Authors: Şahin Mustafa , Köçkar Çiğdem
Published: September 2018

Bu araştırma tanımlayıcı olarak, bir devlet hastanesi cerrahi yoğun bakım ünitesinde 01 Aralık 2016- 01
Haziran 2017 tarihleri arasında yapıldı. Araştırmanın evrenini
belirtilen tarihler arasında devlet hastanesi cerrahi yoğun bakımda yatan 454
hasta oluşturdu. Örneklemi ise; araştırmaya dahil edilme ölçütlerine uygun olan
ve katılmayı kabul eden 170 hasta oluşturdu. Araştırma verilerinin toplanmasında
14 sorudan oluşan hasta tanıtım formu, hastaların algıladıkları çevresel
stresörleri belirlemek için Yoğun Bakım Ünitesinde Çevresel Stresörler Ölçeği
(YBÜÇSÖ) kullanıldı. Veriler SPSS 18.0 programı kullanılarak değerlendirildi.
Tanımlayıcı değişkenler ortalama ve yüzdelik değerlerle sunuldu.
Sosyo-demografik özelliklere göre oluşturulan gruplar (cinsiyet, medeni durum
vb.) arası karşılaştırmalar normal dağılımlar için İki Ortalama Arasındaki Farkın Önemlilik Testi (Independent Samples T test)
analizleri kullanıldı ve normal olmayan dağılımlar için Mann-Whitney U testi ve Kruskal-Wallis Testi kullanılarak
yapıldı. Hastaların
yaş ortalamaları 47.34±18.98 idi. Yaşı 31-50 arasında olan, lise mezunu olan,
kronik hastalığı olmayan, yoğun bakımda 2 gün yatan ve daha önce yoğun bakımda
yatma deneyimi olmayan hastaların diğer hastalara göre yoğun bakımdaki çevresel
stresörlerden daha fazla etkilendiği bulundu ve gruplar arasındaki fark
anlamlıydı  (p<0.001). Yine bekar hastaların yoğun
bakımdaki çevresel stresörlerden daha fazla etkilendiği bulundu ve gruplar
arasındaki fark anlamlıydı  (p<0.01).
Identifying Pedophilia
Authors: Bridge Esra Nihan , Duman Nesrin
Published: September 2018

Pedophilia, derived from Greek words
philia of pedeiktos meaning erotic love of children (Seto, 2002) includes using
children as a sexual excitement object to reach gratification. In
most cultures children are not deemed as mature enough to make decisions
about sexual intercourse. In this regard, child sexual abuse is
not only intolerable, but is also sanctioned in many societies. Pedophilia is considered a controversial and unpleasant
subject for many clinicians; therefore, most of them avoid conducting research
on this topic. In the literature, there is no absolute and consistent
classification and also diagnostic criteria of pedophile has changed over time.
Although different theories such as psychoanalytic, attachment and Ferenczi’s
trauma theory propose some explanations regarding the reasons for pedophilia,
there is no satisfactory elucidation about this topic. Pedophilia is a multidisciplinary
concern and requires a bio-psycho-socio-legal plan for intervention, it is
crucial to conduct research by collaboration of various disciplines and
understand this subject is important and necessary to address this issue. This
current study is an attempt to understand pedophilia by looking from different
perspectives.
Avaliação da eficiência de acaricidas sobre Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus no estado da Bahia
Authors: RAYNAL JOSÉ TADEU , Alves Borges Aretha , Bastos Bruno Lopes , Bahiens Thiago Campanharo , Meyer Roberto , Portela Ricardo Wagner
Published: September 2018

The Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus tick is responsible for large losses in the national livestock, mainly due to the reduction in the productive performance of cattle, such damages estimated in billions of dollars per year are proved by the direct action of the hematophagia of the parasite that in addition is transmitter of other pathogens. The development of resistance to the main classes of acaricides currently employed has been widely reported, as well as the occurrence of residues in animal products and ecological problems. The present work had the objective of evaluating the efficiency of carrapaticides on R. (B.) microplus collected in properties in several regions of the state of Bahia. In order to do so, we were able to collect engorged telegraphs in several production units in the region. In vitro tests were performed with seven chemical groups of diluted acaricides as recommended by the manufacturers. For the tests, the ticks were divided into homogeneous groups, where it was later quantified the reduction oviposture and hatching. The results obtained in the experiments indicated varying degrees of efficacy of the several bases studied. It is concluded that, for the region studied, there are different degrees of efficiency to the main active principles commercialized, and many of them have less than 95% efficiency, which is determined as acceptable by Brazilian legislation carrapaticides.
Técnica peridural com uso de lidocaína e bupivacaína associados ao fentanil, em cadelas submetidas à ovariosalpingohisterectomia
Authors: SILVA CATARINA RAFAELA , SILVA FRANCISCO LIMA , JUNIOR FRANCISCO SOLANO FEITOSA
Published: September 2018

The increasing interest in veterinary anesthesiology observed in recent years is the result of the recognition of this specialty as fundamental to the practice of veterinary medicine, since the more extensive the knowledge about existing anesthetic techniques, the better the choice to be made. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of two anesthetic protocols on bitches submitted to ovarian oysterectomy, with acepromazine and tramadol, midazolam and propofol as an anesthetic inducing agent together with epidural combinations with lidocaine-fentanyl and bupivacaine-fentanyl , in order to observe the effects caused by the physiological variables, duration and quality of the anesthesia, 15 undefined (SRD) bitches with a mean weight of 12.26, healthy, were used from shelters that were allocated in three groups according to the protocol to be applied. Heart rate, respiratory rate and body temperature were evaluated; as well as the average dose of anesthetics, sensory, motor and anal reflex. The heart rate values, although slightly altered, remained within the normal physiological parameters for the canine species. The respiratory rate in the fentanyl-lidocaine group had a significant change from baseline. Discrete hypothermia was recorded in animals of all groups, more severely in the fentanyl-bupivacaine group. The motor and sensory reflex in the fentanyl-bupivacaine group occurred more delayed than in the fentanyl-lidocaine group and that some animals in the fentanyl lidocaine group had adverse effects such as salivation and relaxation of the anal sphincter to the point of defecation. Therefore, it is concluded that the technique that uses fentanyl associated with bupivacaine is more advisable for ovarian resection surgery, because it has a greater nociceptive block, greater relaxation and consequently results in greater comfort for the animal during trans and post-surgery.
Carcinoma de células escamosas: relato de caso
Authors: Carneiro de Melo Andréa
Published: September 2018

Squamous cell carcinoma is a malignant neoplasm arising from cells of the squamous epithelium, consisting of the most common type of skin tumor in felines, where solar radiation is the contributory factor in cats with light or depigmented skin. The objective of this work was to report a case of squamous cell carcinoma describing the clinical and pathological aspects involved in the disease in a cat with no defined breed, approximately 12 years old, presenting bilateral ulcerative lesion in the nasal plane, which was attended at the Clínica Escola de Veterinary Medicine, Centro Universitário Cesmac, Maceió, AL, Brazil. The clinical signs observed were epistaxis, respiratory difficulties and chronic conjunctivitis. Cytological findings were compatible with eosinophilic granuloma. Therapeutic treatment with methylpredinisolone acetate was instituted, however, the animal did not show improvement after the treatment, on the contrary, it is suggested that the carcinoma was masked by the inflammatory reaction, or that the granuloma promoted the carcinoma. Early diagnosis was important for a prognosis and better evaluation of the predisposing factors of squamous cell carcinoma in felines.
Mastocitoma de alto grau em um cão: relato de caso
Authors: De sousa brito pereira Lourival , Pessoa Homero Firmo , BIONI LUCILO BIONI DA FONSECA FILHO , Medeiros Natália Cyntia Alves , Pontes Melissa Barbosa , D’Alcantara Nicolli de Albuquerque Leal Gomes , Lima Jordy Diniz de Oliveira , Wanderley Gabriella Mignac Mendonça , Nascimento Júlio Cézar dos Santos
Published: September 2018

Mastocytoma is one of the most malignant tumors diagnosed in dogs. Its cutaneous presentation is more frequent, especially in skin and subcutaneous tissue, more or less conjunctiva, salivary gland, nasopharynx, larynx, oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract and spine. This neoplasm has a varied and unpredictable biological code, and may present a single nodule of benign behavior up to multiple metastatic nodules. Among all forms of mastocytoma graduation, the high level of agreement is a low and high grade classification. For the definitive diagnosis and the best therapeutic conduction, the accomplishment of the histopathological examination. The treatment for the mastocytoma, will enter into the histopathological and the american medical clinic. Surgical excision is indicated for all mast cells and should be at least 3 cm in safety markings. Chemotherapy is indicated for grade II, III or high grade mastocytomas and may be used for the purpose of quit-reduction or as an adjunct to surgery. The prognosis will depend on the location, tumor number and presence of ulceration. The objective of this work was to report a case of high-grade mastocytoma in a dog, the history of a man with a human anatomy problem, with emphasis on histopathological findings and therapeutic conduction.
Ocorrência de parasitas gastrintestinais em fezes de cães coletadas em vias públicas do município de Valença - RJ
Authors: Ferraz de Barros Beatriz , Pereira Josielle de Almeida , Barreto Leanndro de Araújo , Santos Thayassan Costa dos , Cirne Lilian Cristina de Sousa Oliveira Batista
Published: September 2018

Considering the importance of infection by gastrointestinal parasites of dogs, both in the veterinary and public health aspects, studies on the occurrence of these endoparasites present in dog feces on public roads are necessary to establish control and prophylaxis measures. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites present in feces of dogs collected on public roads in the city of Valença -RJ from August to October 2017. Sixty-three samples of fresh dog feces were collected and they were sent to the Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases of Centro de Ensino Superior de Valença, for a coproparasitological examination. They were submitted to the simple centrifugation-flotation and simple sedimentation techniques, which revealed positivity for Ancylostoma spp. (79.1%), Trichuris vulpis (20.8%), Toxocara canis (4.1%), Dipylidium caninum (4.1%), Capillaria spp. (4.1%) and Heterakis spp. (4.1%). The results of this study demonstrated that dogs represent an important source of contamination of squares and public roads by gastrointestinal parasites that affect other animals and man. Thus requiring greater attention of public authorities regarding the health of these animals, aiming to reduce the risk of infection to humans and to the animals themselves, through the implementation of educational measures to raise public awareness about this public health problem.
Our experience in the application of radiofrequency neuroablation in patients with coxalgia against the background of degenerative osteoarthrosis of the hip joint
Authors: Roy I. V. , Fischenko Ya. V. , Chernobay S. P.
Published: September 2018

The article is concerned with the treatment of coxalgia against the background of degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the hip joint. The author carried out an analysis of foreign studies concerning with the application of radiofrequency neural ablation for the hip joint nerves. Based on the results of our own research, the author has proved that radiofrequency neuroablation of articular nervule of obturator and femoral nerves is an effective treatment of coxalgia pain syndrome against the background of degenerative osteoarthrosis
Several aspects of stellate ganglion block
Authors: Yevstratov E. P. , Krupskaya N. V. , Shumlyanskiy V. Y.
Published: September 2018

Background and Study Goal. Stellate ganglion block (SGB) has been used in the treatment of cerebral derangements associated with headache, for the purpose of reliving spasm and presumably increasing the cerebral blood flow, normalizing endovascular resistance. Materials and Methods. 30 volunteers underwent unilateral SGB, 30–40 years (21 females, 9 males), with cluster headache. 5 ml 0,25 % ropivacaine were administered + 4 mg dexamethasone under C6 level paratracheal ultrasound guid. The confirmation was the presence of Horner´s syndrome. The resistive index (RI) was measured by ultrosound transcranial CV doppler of middle cerebral artery at the baseline and 1 min, and 10 min after SGB on both sides (the other side was taken for control). Normal values of RI corresponded to the age. Results and discussion. Our observations showed that after SGB in all patients there was a significant change in RI with normalization of cerebral blood flow, reduction or disappearance of headache. Conclusions. The difference between the block and the nonblock sides was significant before procedure (p < 0,0001) and after 10 min become the same with an insignificant difference (p = 0,001). A higher RI in patients with a cluster headache may be as an indicator for choosing the block side. Ultrasound technique will be helpfull for providing safe block and effect control.
Fundamentals of the modern theory of the phenomenon of “pain” in terms of a systematic approach to issues its psychological component. Terminology of the systemic approach and a brief representation of the human body as a system
Authors: Poberezhnyi V. I. , Marchuk O. V. , Shvidyuk O. S. , Petrik I. Y.
Published: September 2018

“Pain” is psychophysiological phenomenon, that is actualized in the mind of a person as a result of a systemic reaction to a certain externaland internal stimuli. The pain is caused by morphological and functional disorders in the body and is accompanied by changes in person’s psychic stateand behavior. Three components are distinguished in the phenomenon of “pain”: nocigenic (somatogenic), neurogenic (neuropathic) and psychogenic.The psychical and physiological components are distinguished only within emotions and sensations among all mental processes. The formationof connections and relationships between their components occurs on the basis of neurophysiological processes. Emotions and feelingsof a person are inseparably linked with the corresponding physiological processes of the body, which, in turn, are a reflection of a certainform of the systemic structural and functional organization.From the point of view of the functional system approach, the human body is an exposed, nonlinear, self-organizing, self-regulating,self-learning, permanently evolving, dynamic system that exists in inseparable connection and constant interaction with the environment.Elements of its systemic structural and functional organization are certain functional systems of the corresponding hierarchical levels.Regulatory centers are one of the main elements of the human organism’s functional systems, their activities realize the processes of theirself-organization and self-regulation. In functional systems at the cellular, tissue, organ and organism levels of its systemic organization,the regulatory centers are the neuronal-synaptic organizations of the structural formations of the peripheral and central nervous system.Nervous system of the person integrates and coordinates the processes of sensitivity, activity of its effector structure formations andmotion activity, accordingly to the conditions of its internal and external environment. Realization of its functions as a whole and infull is possible only in inseparable interrelation and mutual relation, coordinated interaction and interconsistency with endocrine andimmune-competent systems. The ways and means of intercellular communication are the basis for the processes of integration and coordinationof the activity of effector and structural formations of the human body.
A modern view of the problem of treatment of chronic pelvic pain syndrome in boys
Authors: Konoplitsky V. S. , Dmytriev D. V. , Lukianets O. O. , Shavlyuk R. V.
Published: September 2018

The article deals with the main causes of chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS), some of its pathogenetic mechanisms are depicted. It is noted that at the present time, CPPS, despite its considerable prevalence, remains poorly understood by a disease that is difficult to treat, the adequacy of which is possible only under the strict topical and nosological diagnostics. To date, there are no clearly identifiable etiological factors in the development of CPPS, and existing contradictory data regarding diagnostic criteria significantly reduce the possibility of a clear diagnosis. In addition, there is still no single approach to choosing the best treatment methods for CPPS, and the assessment of a large number of existing treatments for this disease is difficult due to the lack of a standardized system for evaluating the results of treatment. These circumstances, together with the steady course of the disease, lead to the formation of neurotic conditions, which emphasizes not only the purely medical but also the social significance of the problem of increasing the effectiveness of diagnosis and treatment of CPPS in boys at the present stage. The algorithm of diagnostics and treatment of CPPS is proposed, which is based on an individual and comprehensive examination of patients by multidisciplinary interaction with specialists of other specialties related to a specific case that allows choosing pathogenetically grounded treatment tactics
Synthesis of 2-(1-Oxo-2,3-Dihydro-1H-Pyrrolizin-2-yl)-2-(Aryl)Acetonitrile Derivatives Via Michael Addition of Trimethylsilyl Cyanide
Authors: Ren Demin , Lei Jiaying , Yu Xianyong , Huang Yulin , Li Xiaofang
Published: September 2018

Several 2-aryl-2-(1-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1 H-pyrrolizin-2-yl)acetonitrile derivatives were synthesised by Michael addition of ( E)-2-arylidene-2,3-dihydro-1 H-pyrrolizin-1-ones with trimethylsilyl cyanide in the presence of tetrabutylammonium fluoride in moderate yields. The structures of all of the products were fully characterised by NMR, IR and high-resolution mass spectrometry, together with X-ray crystallographic analysis.
MONITORING MANAJEMEN KAPASITAS LAYANAN DALAM PERENCANAAN PENYUSUNAN INFRASTRUKTUR TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI MENGGUNAKAN FRAMEWORK IT-IL PADA PERGURUAN TINGGI SWASTA DI JAWA BARAT
Authors: Susandi Endang Tasli , Amaliyah Ani
Published: September 2018

Monitoring manajemen kapasitas layananteknologi informasi (TI) adalah kegiatan memonitor yangdilakukan pada proses manajemen kapasitas danketersediaan layanan TI yang dimulai dengan pembuatantata cara monitoring yang bertujuan untuk menentukantugas, fungsi dan tanggunjawab serta standar prosedurkerja, pembuatan metode penghitungan tingkat ketersediaanlayanan TI yang bertujuan untuk menghitung ketersediaan(Availability) suatu Komponen yang sederhana dan totalketersediaan (Availability) untuk sistem/layanan yangkompleks, pembuatan matriks parameter teknis monitoringyang bertujuan untuk menentukan parameter, perangkatdan tools yang digunakan pada teknik monitoring kinerja,serta pembuatan format laporan monitoring yang bertujuanuntuk mendapatkan data hasil monitoring kapasitas danketersediaan layanan TI.Framework IT-IL adalah sebuah kerangka best practiceuntuk memanage layanan-layanan TI yang terintegrasi danberbasiskan proses, juga merupakan suatu rangkaiankonsep dan teknik pengelolaan infrastruktur,pengembangan, serta operasi teknologi informasi (TI).Monitoring manajemen kapasitas dengan Framework IT-ILpada penyusunan infrastruktur TI pada Perguruan TinggiSwasta di Jawa Barat dan Banten perlu dilakukan untukmemastikan tercapainya hasil dari perencanaan danpelaksanaan implementasi layanan TI
PERANCANGAN APLIKASI GAME EDUKASI MENGGUNAKAN MODEL WATERFALL
Authors: Suryadi Andri
Published: September 2018

Proses belajar mengajar bukan hanya penyampaianilmu dari guru kepada siswa saja, didalmnya juga harus disertaibeberapa inovasi agar tidak menimbulkan kebosanan saat prosespembelajaran berlangsung. Pembelajaran konvensional yang terusberlangsung dari dulu hingga sekarang tanpa penggunaan mediasebagai penyampai materi ajar membuat kurangnya motivasibelajar siswa yang berpengaruh pada pemahan terhadap materiajar yang disampikan oleh guru. Pembelajaran denganmenggunakan media pembelajaran berupa game dapatmempengaruhi motivasi belajar siswa dan seiring dengan itupemahan siswa pun akan dapat ditingkatkan. Dengan adanya halitu maka kami membangun suatu game edukasi yang diadopsi darigame yang telah ada sebelumnya dan diberi inovasi berupa soalsoal yang berkaitan dengan materi ajar, khususnya materi TIKuntuk jenjang Sekolah menengah pertama. Dalam game inipengembang menggunakan aplikasi adobe flash yang nantinyadiharapkan dapat memudahkan pemudahkan para siswa dalam halini pemain dapat memaminkan game dengan mdah, karena userinterface yang sederhana dan dapat dipahami walau denganpemahaman yang kurang terhadap game tersebut. Didalam gameini pemiankan bermain menggunakan bidak dengan patokan jumlahdadu yang keluar setelah tombol kocok di putar. Didalam game inidisediakan dua orang pemain yang mana jika pemain maju danmendapat pertanyaan serta dapat menjawab maka pemain dapatterus bemain dan mendapat skor, namun jika sebaliknya pemin ituharus mundur beberapa langkah dari kolom yang sedang bidak nyatempati
PEMBELAJARAN INSIDE-OUTSIDE-CIRCLE PADA MATERI STATISTIKA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIK SISWA MTS
Authors: Luritawaty Irena Puji , Nuraeni Reni
Published: September 2018

Kemampuan komunikasi matematik yang masih rendahdi kalangan siswa menjadi latar belakang dilakukannya penelitianini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah efektifitas modelpembelajaran Inside-Outside-Cirlce dalam upaya meningkatkankemampuan komunikasi matematik pada siswa. Populasi dalampenelitian ini yaitu siswa kelas IX di salah satu MadrasahTsanawiyah (MTs) swasta di kabupaten Garut, dengan sampel yaitusiswa kelas IXB dan IXC. Instrumen yang digunakan dalampenelitian ini yaitu berupa tes kemampuan komunikasi matematik.Instrumen tersebut digunakan dalam pretest dan posttest. Analisisdata yang dilakukan terhadap hasil pretest yaitu diawali dengan ujinormalitas kemudian uji Mann Whitney. Sedangkan pada hasilposttest, analisis data diawali dengan uji normalitas , ujihomogenitas, kemudian uji t. Secara garis besar, hasil penelitian inimenunjukan bahwa peningkatan kemampuan komunikasi matematiksiswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran Inside-Outside-Circle lebihbaik daripada siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran ceramahbiasa
ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS ICT
Authors: Nasrulloh Iman , Ismail Ali
Published: September 2018

Penggunaan ICT sudah diterapkan mulai darijenjang pendidikan dasar, menengah, sampai ke perguruantinggi. Needs assessment dilaksanakan untuk mengevalusiperencanaan program yang telah dilaksanakan dan untukmemperbaiki perencanaan program selanjutnya berkaitandengan proses pembelajaran (desain, pengembangan,pemanfaatan, pengelolaan, dan evaluasi). Penelitian inidigunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknikpengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara,angket guru dan siswa. Pelaksanaan mengajar diperoleh datasebesar (77.6%) konvensional (tatap muka). Tingginyapelaksanaan pembelajaran konvensional (tatap muka)dikarenakan penyusunan bahan ajar yang lebih praktisdibandingkan dengan pembelajaran berbasis online (web basedlearning). Siswa sangat setuju terhadap pembelajaran berbasisonline (web based learning) 85.1%. Perumusan tujuanpembelajaran khusus hanya meliputi audience dan behavior.Metode mengajar umumnya guru menerapkan metode ceramahmenggunakan media slide power point yang disajikan melaluiproyektor. Pengelolaan ICT diwujudkan adanya koordinatoryang bertanggung jawab atas peralatan dan kelengkapan.Faktor-faktor yang dibutuhkan dalam pembelajaran berbasisICT, yaitu: 1) kemampuan merancang pembelajaran berbasisonline; 2) Pelaksanaan pelatihan guru; 3) kemampuanmenerapkan konsep pada situasi baru dengan cara yangberbeda; 4) menjadikan sekolah sebagai organisasi belajar; 5)Sekolah mampu mengelola dalam merencanakan,mengorganisasikan, pengkoordinasian dan supervisi; 6)kemampuan untuk memecahkan permasalahan dengan langkahyang sistematis dalam desain pembelajaran; 7) kemampuanuntuk mengembangkan dan mengevaluasi produk
Application of Plant Viruses as a Biotemplate for Nanomaterial Fabrication
Authors: Zhang Yu , Dong Yixin , Zhou Jinhua , Li Xun , Wang Fei
Published: September 2018

Viruses are widely used to fabricate nanomaterials in the field of nanotechnology. Plant viruses are of great interest to the nanotechnology field because of their symmetry, polyvalency, homogeneous size distribution, and ability to self-assemble. This homogeneity can be used to obtain the high uniformity of the templated material and its related properties. In this paper, the variety of nanomaterials generated in rod-like and spherical plant viruses is highlighted for the cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV), cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV), brome mosaic virus (BMV), and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Their recent studies on developing nanomaterials in a wide range of applications from biomedicine and catalysts to biosensors are reviewed.
Hexanoic, Octanoic and Decanoic Acids Promote Basal and Insulin-Induced Phosphorylation of the Akt-mTOR Axis and a Balanced Lipid Metabolism in the HepG2 Hepatoma Cell Line
Authors: Rial Sabri Ahmed , Ravaut Gaetan , Malaret Tommy B. , Bergeron Karl-F. , Mounier Catherine
Published: September 2018

Metabolic illnesses such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are in constant increase worldwide. Highly consumed long chain fatty acids (LCFA) are among the most obesogenic and steatogenic nutrients. Hepatic steatosis is associated with several complications such as insulin resistance. Growing evidence points to medium chain fatty acids (MCFA), more efficiently oxidized than LCFA, as a promising dietary alternative against NAFLD. However, reports on the hepatic effects of MCFA are sometimes conflicting. In this study we exposed HepG2 cells, a human hepatocellular model, to 0.25 mM of hexanoic (C6), or octanoic (C8), and decanoic (C10) acids separately or in a C8 + C10 equimolar mix reflecting commercially available MCFA-rich oils. We found that C6, a poorly studied MCFA, as well as C8 and C10 did not provoke the deleterious lipid anabolism runaway typically induced by LCFA palmitate. MCFA tended, instead, to promote a balanced metabolic profile and were generally non-cytotoxic. Accordingly, mitochondrial integrity was mostly preserved following MCFA treatment. However, treatments with C8 induced a mitochondrial membrane potential decrease, suggesting prolonged exposure to this lipid could be problematic. Finally, MCFA treatments maintained optimal insulin sensitivity and even fostered basal and insulin-dependent phosphorylation of the Akt-mTOR pathway. Overall, MCFA could constitute an effective nutritional tool to manage liver steatosis and hepatic insulin resistance.
Chiral Diol-Based Organocatalysts in Enantioselective Reactions
Authors: Nguyen Truong N. , Chen Po-An , Setthakarn Krit , May Jeremy A.
Published: September 2018

Organocatalysis has emerged as a powerful synthetic tool in organic chemistry in the last few decades. Among various classes of organocatalysis, chiral diol-based scaffolds, such as BINOLs, VANOLs, and tartaric acid derivatives, have been widely used to induce enantioselectivity due to the ability of the hydroxyls to coordinate with the Lewis acidic sites of reagents or substrates and create a chiral environment for the transformation. In this review, we will discuss the applications of these diol-based catalysts in different types of reactions, including the scopes of reactions and the modes of catalyst activation. In general, the axially chiral aryl diol BINOL and VANOL derivatives serve as the most competent catalyst for most examples, but examples of exclusive success using other scaffolds, herein, suggests that they should not be overlooked. Lastly, the examples, to date, are mainly from tartrate and biaryl diol catalysts, suggesting that innovation may be available from new diol scaffolds.
Phenolic Compounds in Honey and Their Associated Health Benefits: A Review
Authors: Cianciosi Danila , Forbes-Hernández Tamara Yuliett , Afrin Sadia , Gasparrini Massimiliano , Reboredo-Rodriguez Patricia , Manna Piera Pia , Zhang Jiaojiao , Bravo Lamas Leire , Martínez Flórez Susana , Agudo Toyos Pablo , Quiles José Luis , Giampieri Francesca , Battino Maurizio
Published: September 2018

Honey is a natural substance appreciated for its therapeutic abilities since ancient times. Its content in flavonoids and phenolic acids plays a key role on human health, thanks to the high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that they exert. Honey possesses antimicrobial capacity and anticancer activity against different types of tumors, acting on different molecular pathways that are involved on cellular proliferation. In addition, an antidiabetic activity has also been highlighted, with the reduction of glucose, fructosamine, and glycosylated hemoglobin serum concentration. Honey exerts also a protective effect in the cardiovascular system, where it mainly prevents the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins, in the nervous system, in the respiratory system against asthma and bacterial infections, and in the gastrointestinal system. A beneficial effect of honey can also be demonstrated in athletes. The purpose of this review is to summarize and update the current information regarding the role of honey in health and diseases.
Biodiversity: Local Implementation – Keynote
Authors: Snyder Rebecca , Orrell Thomas
Published: September 2018

A prevalent challenge to the uniform curation of biodiversity data is the extent to which individual initiatives can manage the production, organization, description, maintenance, and administration of digital assets in the long term. Funding agents have historically supported cutting-edge, niche projects that lacked long-term data management plans. To ensure that new initiatives are resilient and long-lasting, funding agents have increasingly emphasized the importance of building sustainable digital projects at the local level with clear administrative structures that ensure both longevity and wide-scale integration into the larger data environment. It is no longer enough to have a great idea - that great idea must be situated within a larger framework of maintenance and repair.

If our data are to withstand the changing and uncertain information and infrastructure landscape, we must articulate a comprehensive set of best practices and workflows that facilitate the integration of local knowledge into global spaces. These best practices must address some thorny issues: How do we create and support systems that are resilient to economic, technological, and standards-level change? How do we bring context to new solutions and initiatives within the broader picture of the data lifecycle? How do we ensure that institutions have a ready pool of trained and diverse information professionals from which to hire and support this evolving landscape?

This session will discuss a bird’s-eye view of the biodiversity informatics workflow emphasizing the local considerations of biodiversity work, including the lifecycle of biodiversity data within institutions and the challenges introduced at each stage of the data management process. Resiliency requires that each of the following elements must be addressed in any biodiversity informatics plan:

Metadata, schema, and other descriptive standards

Scholarly credit and intellectual property

Publishing models

User services and interface design

Workflows and administration of data

Training of core workforce to support work in the long term

Metadata, schema, and other descriptive standards

Scholarly credit and intellectual property

Publishing models

User services and interface design

Workflows and administration of data

Training of core workforce to support work in the long term

This keynote will examine the challenges and opportunities at the local level of biodiversity work, and what must be done to support scientific research, policy, and public engagement at the global level. We will demonstrate how the Informatics program at the National Museum of Natural History has integrated these ideas and strategies with the mission of the Smithsonian Institution to create, preserve, and disseminate knowledge. By making our data comprehensive, accessible, and well managed, we contribute to the creation of a digital-first Smithsonian reaching a global audience of researchers and educators now and long into the future.
Nuovi dati sulla distribuzione di alcuni Longicorni italiani (Coleoptera Cerambycidae)
Authors: Petruzziello Luigi , Migliorini Adriano
Published: September 2018

New Data about the Locationing of a few Italian Longicorni (Coleoptera Cerambycidae). The following paper seeks to present new chronological data, which prove the increasing of the distribution of six Cerambicidae species in Italy. Two of them are new for Valle d’Aosta, one is new for Liguria and three for Emilia Romagna.
Atti Sociali
Authors: Italiana Società Entomologica
Published: September 2018

Non disponibile
Sub-mucous celft palate – Case histories
Authors: Whiting D. M.
Published: September 2018

No abstract available.
Stuttering as learned behaviour
Authors: Marks Margaret
Published: September 2018

No abstract available.
Understanding the hard-of hearing child
Authors: Behr A. L.
Published: September 2018

No abstract available.
Pre-school language education for the brain-damaged child
Authors: Bangs J. L.
Published: September 2018

No abstract available.
Word deafness
Authors: De Hirsch Katrina , Jefferson Jansky Jeanette
Published: September 2018

No abstract available.
Richard of Middleton (c.1249–1302)
Authors: Brown Stephen F.
Published: September 2018

Richard was a Franciscan philosopher and theologian. In general he followed the tradition flowing from Bonaventure, although on some questions he sided with Thomas Aquinas. However, there is also a strong anti-Thomist reaction in his work. Many of the questions raised in the condemnations of 1277 at Paris and Oxford are central in Richard’s works. His answers often echo Bonaventure, William of Ware and Matthew of Aquasparta; yet his argumentation carries his personal stamp and shows him deeply engaged with the definitions and arguments of the authors of his own era.
Tertullian, Quintus Septimus Florens (c. AD 160–c. AD 220)
Authors: Kenney John Peter
Published: September 2018

Tertullian was the first Christian theological author to write in Latin, and is responsible for initiating the Latin vocabulary of Christian theology, including such important terms as persona (person) and substantia (substance). His early works, including the Apologeticum, refute pagan misconceptions about Christianity and argue on philosophical and juridical grounds for religious freedom. His later theological treatises, such as De anima (On the Soul) and Adversus Marcionem (Against Marcion) reflect Tertullian’s adherence, in about ad 205–6, to Montanism, a Christian sect which emphasized asceticism, apocalypticism and prophecy. These lengthy works represent an effort to oppose those forms of Christianity that sought to ally themselves with Platonism, such as Gnosticism. After these defences of apocalyptic Christianity, Tertullian fades from historical view around ad 220, leaving a legacy of charismatic truculence.
Thomas à Kempis (1379/80–1471)
Authors: Emery Kent
Published: September 2018

Thomas Hemerken was born in Kempen, Germany. He spent his life in foundations of the Modern Devotion (Devotio Moderna), a spiritual movement of the late fourteenth and fifteenth centuries that originated in the Low Countries and spread throughout northern Europe. In 1406 he entered the monastery of Mount Saint Agnes in Windesheim (St Agnietenberg, the Netherlands), the origin and centre of a reformed congregation of Augustinian Canons Regular, which disseminated the Modern Devotion in the Low Countries and Germany. Thomas was ordained a priest in 1413, and was the novice master in the monastery for many years. He is generally recognized as the author of De imitatione Christi (The Imitation of Christ), perhaps the most popular work on the spiritual life ever written.
Major, John (1467–1550)
Authors: Biard Joel
Published: September 2018

John Major was one of the last great logicians of the Middle Ages. Scottish in origin but Parisian by training, he continued the doctrines and the mode of thinking of fourteenth-century masters like John Buridan and William of Ockham. Using a resolutely nominalist approach, he developed a logic centred on the analysis of terms and their properties, and he applied this method of analysis to discourse in physics and theology. Although he came to oppose excessive dependence on logical subtlety in theology and maintained the authority of Holy Scripture, Major’s work was stubbornly independent of the growing influence of humanism in Europe. Later, he would be regarded as representative of the heavily criticized ‘scholastic spirit’, being referred to disparagingly by Rabelais as well as by later historians such as Villoslada (1938), but at the beginning of the sixteenth century, his teaching influenced an entire generation of students in the fields of logic, physics and theology.
Pomponazzi, Pietro (1462–1525)
Authors: Pine Martin L.
Published: September 2018

Pietro Pomponazzi was the leading Aristotelian philosopher in the first quarter of the sixteenth century. His treatise De immortalitate animae (On the Immortality of the Soul) (1516) argues that although faith teaches immortality, natural reason and Aristotelian principles cannot prove it. In De incantationibus (On Incantations) (first published in 1556), Pomponazzi attempts to demonstrate on rational grounds that all reported miraculous suspensions or reversals of natural laws can be explained by forces within nature itself. Separating faith and reason once again, Pomponazzi proclaims his belief in all canonical miracles of the Church. These arguments cast doubt on morality, for without an afterlife, humanity is deprived of rewards for virtue and punishment for evil; and nature itself appears to be governed by impersonal forces unconcerned with human affairs. However, morality is restored to the universe by the human powers of rational reflection which lead to the pursuit of virtue. Yet in De fato (On Fate) (first published in 1567), Pomponazzi challenges the very basis of his own ethical doctrine by arguing that all activity of insentient and sentient beings is directed to preordained ends by environmental factors. Unable to justify human freedom on rational grounds, he then seeks to re-establish it using arguments derived from Christian natural theology, thus reversing his usual separation of faith and reason.
Avenarius, Richard (1843–96)
Authors: Riska Augustin
Published: September 2018

Richard Avenarius, a German philosopher, is known as a proponent of ‘empiriocriticism’ and the principle of economy of thinking. Empiriocriticism is a modern version of empiricism which attempts to restore the concept of the natural world and ‘pure experience’ through the elimination of ‘introjection’, understood as an insertion of redundant or distorted ideas and images into the objects of our knowledge. Avenarius traced back the origin of introjection to the cultural stages dominated by magic and mythology, yet his criticism applied also to traditional philosophy and science. His position is usually classified as a version of positivism, closely resembling the empiricist doctrine of Ernst Mach. Although his influence on some members of the Vienna Circle, especially Moritz Schlick, was considerable, the impact of his contribution has been hampered by his idiosyncratic use of language, especially in his masterpiece Kritik der reinen Erfahrung (The Critique of Pure Experience) (1888–90).
Beck, Jacob Sigismund (1761–1840)
Authors: Forster Eckart
Published: September 2018

Beck played a brief but important role in the development of post-Kantian philosophy. A former student of Kant, he published at his teacher’s instigation three volumes of ‘Explanatory Abstracts’ of Kant’s major writings. In the third volume Beck presented what he regarded as the ‘Only Possible Standpoint’ from which Critical Philosophy had to be judged if misunderstandings of Kant’s work were to be avoided. His ‘Doctrine of the Standpoint’ involved a ‘reversal’ of the method of the Critique of Pure Reason and the elimination of the ‘thing-in-itself’ from Kant’s theoretical philosophy.
Büchner, Friedrich Karl Christian Ludwig (Louis) (1824–99)
Authors: Heidelberger Michael
Published: September 2018

Ludwig Büchner wrote one of the most popular and polemical books of the strong materialist movement in later nineteenth century Germany, his Kraft und Stoff (Force and Matter) (1855). He tried to develop a comprehensive worldview, which was based solely on the findings of empirical science and did not take refuge in religion or any other transcendent categories in explaining nature and its development, including human beings. When Büchner tried to expose the backwardness of traditional philosophical and religious views in scientific matters, his arguments had some force, but the positive part of his programme was not free of superficiality and naivety. Büchner’s writings helped to strengthen progressive and rational traditions inside and outside philosophy, but they can also serve as the prime example of the uncritical nineteenth-century belief in science’s capacity to redeem humankind from all evil.
Dilthey, Wilhelm (1833–1911)
Authors: Makkreel Rudolf A.
Published: September 2018

Wilhelm Dilthey saw his work as contributing to a ‘Critique of Historical Reason’ which would expand the scope of Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason by examining the epistemological conditions of the human sciences as well as of the natural sciences. Both kinds of science take their departure from ordinary life and experience, but whereas the natural sciences seek to focus on the way things behave independently of human involvement, the human sciences take account of this very involvement. The natural sciences use external observation and measurement to construct an objective domain of nature that is abstracted from the fullness of lived experience. The human sciences (humanities and social sciences), by contrast, help to define what Dilthey calls the historical world. By making use of inner as well as outer experience, the human sciences preserve a more direct link with our original sense of life than do the natural sciences. Whereas the natural sciences seek explanations of nature, connecting the discrete representations of outer experience through hypothetical generalizations and causal laws, the human sciences aim at an understanding that articulates the fundamental structures of historical life given in lived experience. Finding lived experience to be inherently connected and meaningful, Dilthey opposed traditional atomistic and associationist psychologies and developed a descriptive psychology that has been recognized as anticipating phenomenology.

Dilthey first thought that this descriptive psychology could provide a neutral foundation for the other human sciences, but in his later hermeneutical writings he rejected the idea of a foundational discipline or method. Thus he ends by claiming that all the human sciences are interpretive and mutually dependent. Hermeneutically conceived, understanding is a process of interpreting the ‘objectifications of life’, the external expressions or manifestations of human thought and action. Interpersonal understanding is attained through these common objectifications and not, as is widely believed, through empathy. Moreover, to fully understand myself I must analyse the expressions of my life in the same way that I analyse the expressions of others.

Not every aspect of life can be captured within the respective limits of the natural and the human sciences. Dilthey’s philosophy of life also leaves room for a kind of anthropological reflection whereby we attempt to do justice to the ultimate riddles of life and death. Such reflection receives its fullest expression in worldviews, which are overall perspectives on life encompassing the way we perceive and conceive the world, evaluate it aesthetically and respond to it in action. Dilthey discerned many typical worldviews in art and religion, but in Western philosophy he distinguished three recurrent types: the worldviews of naturalism, the idealism of freedom and objective idealism.
Russian Religious-Philosophical Renaissance
Authors: Rosenthal Bernice Glatzer
Published: September 2018

The Russian Religious-Philosophical Renaissance was created by lay intellectuals who found rationalism, positivism and Marxism inadequate as explanations of the world or guides to life. They were deeply engaged in finding solutions to the problems of their time, which they saw as moral or spiritual/cultural in nature. Some were already devout Christians; others became so later on. Collectively known as the God-seekers, they propounded their ideas in numerous publications and in the Religious-Philosophical Societies of St Petersburg and Moscow. The meetings of these societies attracted capacity audiences and helped disassociate religion from reaction. Branches were founded in Kiev and Vladimir. The founding members were mainly Symbolist writers and idealist philosophers. Both groups sought a new understanding of Christianity, but the Symbolists emphasized psychological and literary/aesthetic issues and the idealists focused on ethics, epistemology and political and social reform. The Revolution of 1905 was a watershed for all of them. The hitherto apolitical Symbolists perceived it as the start of the apocalypse and championed anarchistic political doctrines. The idealists continued to champion reform. After the revolution, some of them called for a new religious intelligentsia that respected culture and the creation of wealth, spiritual/cultural and material. Both groups began to talk about national identity and destiny. The Bolshevik Revolution signalled the end of the Religious-Philosophical Renaissance. In 1922–3, over 160 non-Marxist intellectuals were forced into exile, where they continued their work. Inside Russia private religious-philosophic study circles carried on illegally.

The Religious-Philosophical Renaissance had a profound impact on Russian thought and culture. It inspired attempts to ground metaphysics and political doctrines in Christianity, demands for church reform, visions of a new culture, sophiology, religious existentialism and new interpretations of Orthodox ritual and dogma. Its proponents made people aware of the needs of the ‘inner man’, the soul or the psyche, and the importance of art and myth. Symbolism became the dominant aesthetic, shaping literature, poetry, painting and theatre. Theorists of Symbolism tried to make it the basis of a new cosmological worldview. The Religious-Philosophical Renaissance was rediscovered by Soviet intellectuals in the 1960s, nourished the dissident movement from then on, and is extensively discussed in Russia today.