bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Decatungstate Photocatalyzed Acylations and Alkylations in Flow via Hydrogen Atom Transfer.
Authors: Bonassi Filippo , Ravelli Davide , Protti Stefano , Fagnoni Maurizio
Published: March 2016

These photocatalyzed radical conjugate addition reactions are carried out in a meso‐scale flow photoreactor consisting in coils of UV‐transparent FEP tubing wrapped around a water‐cooled medium pressure mercury vapor lamp.
ChemInform Abstract: Sequential Deconjugative Electrophilic Fluorination/Cross‐Metathesis: Toward the Synthesis of Fluoro Analogues of Biologically Active Compounds.
Authors: Bedier Matthieu , Bouzbouz Samir
Published: March 2016

A deconjugative electrophilic fluorodesilylation is accomplished for the first time by reacting γ‐silyl‐butenamides.
ChemInform Abstract: A Green, Homogeneous and Reusable Surfactant/Copper Based Ionic Liquid for the N‐Arylation of Indoles, Pyrazoles and Imidazoles.
Authors: Heidarizadeh Fariba , Majdi‐nasab Afrooz
Published: March 2016

A simple, one‐pot synthesis of N‐arylindoles, N‐arylpyrazoles and N‐arylimidazoles using a reusable surfactant type copper based ionic liquid and base is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid, Regioconvergent, Solvent‐Free Alkene Hydrosilylation with a Cobalt Catalyst.
Authors: Chen Chi , Hecht Maxwell B. , Kavara Aydin , Brennessel William W. , Mercado Brandon Q. , Weix Daniel J. , Holland Patrick L.
Published: March 2016

The utility of β‐diketiminate cobalt(I)‐arene complexes as catalyst for the hydrosilylation of terminal alkenes with phenylsilane and triethoxysilane is demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Reductive Cross‐Coupling of (Hetero)Aryl Iodides with Fluorinated Secondary Alkyl Bromides.
Authors: Li Xuefei , Feng Zhang , Jiang Zhong‐Xing , Zhang Xingang
Published: March 2016

The reaction fails for trifluoromethylated tertiary alkyl bromides and gives only poor yields for trifluoromethylated primary alkyl chlorides (not shown).
ChemInform Abstract: Mild Deprotection of PMB Ethers Using tert‐Butyl Bromide.
Authors: Rival Nicolas , Albornoz Grados Arantxa , Schiavo Lucie , Colobert Francoise , Hanquet Gilles
Published: March 2016

A mild method for the cleavage and scavenging of 4‐methoxybenzyl protecting group using tBuBr is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling of Tertiary Amines and Terminal Alkynes Catalyzed by Copper Nanoparticles on Zeolite.
Authors: Alonso Francisco , Arroyo Adrian , Martin‐Garcia Iris , Moglie Yanina
Published: March 2016

Oxidized copper nanoparticles on sodium Y zeolite are used as a novel heterogeneous catalyst for the cross‐dehydrogenative coupling of tertiary amines and terminal alkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver(I)‐Catalyzed N‐Trifluoroethylation of Anilines and O‐Trifluoroethylation of Amides with 2,2,2‐Trifluorodiazoethane.
Authors: Luo Haiqing , Wu Guojiao , Zhang Yan , Wang Jianbo
Published: March 2016

For the N‐trifluoroethylation of anilines, a formal N—H insertion reaction is suggested involving a Ag(I)/carbene formation and subsequent amine ligand migratory insertion.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Reductive Carbonylation of Aryl Halides with Iron Pentacarbonyl for Synthesis of Aromatic Aldehydes and Deuterated Aldehydes.
Authors: Iranpoor Nasser , Firouzabadi Habib , Etemadi‐Davan Elham , Rostami Abed , Rajabi Moghadam Khashayar
Published: March 2016

A novel Pd‐catalyzed reductive carbonylation of iodoranes under phosphine‐free conditions and Fe(CO)5 as CO source is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Disulfide‐Based Metal‐Free α‐Sulfanylation of Ketones.
Authors: Vaquer Andrea F. , Frongia Angelo , Secci Francesco , Tuveri Enrica
Published: March 2016

A novel metal‐free proline‐catalyzed protocol is presented for the sulfanylation of cyclic and acyclic ketones by using diphenylsulfides.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Trifluoromethylthiolation of Di(hetero)aryl‐λ3‐iodanes: Mechanistic Insight and Application to Synthesis of (Hetero)Aryl Trifluoromethyl Sulfides.
Authors: Saravanan Perumal , Anbarasan Pazhamalai
Published: March 2016

Preliminary mechanistic investigations do not support the involvement of radicals in the reaction, rather than a Cu(I)/Cu(III) catalytic cycle involving an efficient salt metathesis between the copper complex and AgS—CF3 as indicated by temperature dependent 19F NMR spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Access to Highly Functionalized Sulfonated Cyclopentanes by Acid‐Promoted Rauhut‐Currier Reaction with Sulfinamides.
Authors: Gigant Nicolas , Drege Emmanuelle , Retailleau Pascal , Joseph Delphine
Published: March 2016

Starting from symmetrically aryl‐ or alkyl‐substituted dienediones and sulfonamides a high‐yielding metal‐free access to sulfonated cyclopentanes with three contiguous stereocenters is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Decarboxylative Allylic Alkylation of Cyclopentanones.
Authors: Craig Robert A. , Loskot Steven A. , Mohr Justin T. , Behenna Douglas C. , Harned Andrew M. , Stoltz Brian M.
Published: March 2016

The scalable title reaction provides cyclopentanones with an α‐quaternary centre in often very high yields and with very high enantiomeric excesses.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Acid‐Catalyzed Cyclization of 2‐Alkenylstilbenes: A New Approach to the Substituted Indenes.
Authors: Ding Wei , Shi Xiaoxin , Lu Xia
Published: March 2016

The title stilbenes (II) are obtained by base‐catalyzed ring‐opening of various benzylisochromans.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Method for the Synthesis of Furfuryl Ketones and Furylacetic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Chalikidi Petrakis N. , Nevolina Tatyana A. , Uchuskin Maxim G. , Abaev Vladimir T. , Butin Alexander V.
Published: March 2016

A simple method for the synthesis of aryl furfuryl ketones (III), amides (V), and furylacetic acid esters (VII) based on the radical alkylation of furan derivatives (II) with corresponding xanthogenates is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: TfOH‐Catalyzed Domino Cycloisomerization/Hydrolytic Defluorination of 2,3‐Allenyl Perfluoroalkyl Ketones.
Authors: Xue Can , Huang Xin , Wu Shangze , Zhou Jing , Dai Jianxin , Fu Chunling , Ma Shengming
Published: March 2016

Protons are the actual catalyst for the described reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Direct C(sp3)—H Arylation of Aliphatic Amides with Thiophenes.
Authors: Wang Xie , Zhu Longzhi , Chen Sihai , Xu Xinhua , Au Chak‐Tong , Qiu Renhua
Published: March 2016

The scalable reaction is based on the chelation assistance of an N‐(quinolin‐8‐yl) group and tolerates multiple functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Mediated N‐Arylation of Methyl 2‐Aminothiophene‐3‐carboxylate with Organoboron Reagents.
Authors: Rizwan Komal , Karakaya Idris , Heitz Drew , Zubair Muhammad , Rasool Nasir , Molander Gary A.
Published: March 2016

The desired N‐arylated 2‐amino‐thiophene derivatives (III) and (V) are obtained via Chan—Lam cross‐coupling of aminothiophene (I) with both arylboronic acids (II) and aryl trifluoroborate salts (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: γ‐Lactams and Furan Bispyrrolidines via Iodine Mediated Cyclization of Homoallylamines.
Authors: Hama Salih Mariwan A. , Male Louise , Spencer Neil , Fossey John S.
Published: March 2016

A versatile route to 1,2,5‐trisubstituded γ‐lactams with tertiary alcohol functionality at the 3‐position, from homoallylic amine derivatives with a methyl group at the β‐position, is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Formation of Chiral trans‐4‐Hydroxy‐5‐substituted 2‐pyrrolidinones: Syntheses of Streptopyrrolidine and 3‐epi‐Epohelmin A.
Authors: Si Chang‐Mei , Mao Zhuo‐Ya , Liu Yi‐Wen , Du Zhen‐Ting , Wei Bang‐Guo , Lin Guo‐Qiang
Published: March 2016

A novel one‐pot method for the diastereoselective synthesis of trans‐4‐hydroxy‐5‐substituted 2‐pyrrolidinones via intramolecular cascade reaction of a series of Grignard reagents is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α‐Enamino Esters via Cu(II)‐Promoted Dehydrogenation of α‐Amino Acid Esters: Application to the Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyrroles.
Authors: Zhou Nini , Li Zhongle , Xie Zhixiang
Published: March 2016

A novel and efficient approach towards α‐amino esters as synthons for polysubstituted NH pyrroles is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(II)‐Catalyzed Formal [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of N‐Sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles with Isoxazoles: Entry to Polysubstituted 3‐Aminopyrroles.
Authors: Lei Xiaoqiang , Li Longbo , He Yu‐Peng , Tang Yefeng
Published: March 2016

The method tolerates various 4‐(het)aryl substituted 1,2,3‐triazoles, but fails using 4‐alkyl substituted derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Combining Cycloisomerization with Trienamine Catalysis: A Regiochemically Flexible Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Synthesis of Hexahydroindoles.
Authors: Chintalapudi V. , Galvin E. A. , Greenaway R. L. , Anderson E. A.
Published: March 2016

Various polysubstituted hexahydroindoles are synthesized through trienamine‐organocatalyzed cycloadditions of pyrrolidinyl dienals, prepared by palladium‐catalyzed cycloisomerization.
ChemInform Abstract: An Organocatalytic Asymmetric Friedel—Crafts Addition/Fluorination Sequence: Construction of Oxindole—Pyrazolone Conjugates Bearing Vicinal Tetrasubstituted Stereocenters.
Authors: Bao Xiaoze , Wang Baomin , Cui Longchen , Zhu Guodong , He Yuli , Qu Jingping , Song Yuming
Published: March 2016

The scalable highly efficient one‐pot two‐step process delivers novel oxindole‐pyrazolone adducts with two vicinal quaternary stereocenters in high yields and with excellent diastereo‐ and enantiocontrol.
ChemInform Abstract: Cuprous Oxide Catalyzed Oxidative C—C Bond Cleavage for C—N Bond Formation: Synthesis of Cyclic Imides from Ketones and Amines.
Authors: Wang Min , Lu Jianmin , Ma Jiping , Zhang Zhe , Wang Feng
Published: March 2016

In‐depth studies show that both α‐C—H and β‐C—H bonds adjacent to the carbonyl groups are indispensable for the C—C bond cleavage.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Synthesis of (E)‐1‐(2‐Hydroxyphenyl)‐3‐(1H‐indol‐3‐yl)‐prop‐2‐en‐1‐ones from Chromone‐3‐carboxylic Acid and Indoles.
Authors: Kornev Mikhail Yu. , Moshkin Vladimir S. , Sosnovskikh Vyacheslav Ya.
Published: March 2016

Trans‐indolyl chalcones are prepared via 1,4‐nucleophilic addition including ring opening of pyrone and decarboxylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Functionalized Chromeno[2,3‐b]pyrrol‐4(1H)‐ones by Silver‐Catalyzed Cascade Reactions of Chromones/Thiochromones and Isocyanoacetates.
Authors: Qi Xueyu , Xiang Haoyue , Yang Chunhao
Published: March 2016

The reaction is assumed to proceed via nucleophilic conjugate addition of an isocyanate anion to the activated chromanone double bond followed by ring opening and subsequent pyrrole ring formation.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis of Protected 1,3‐Diols by Catalytic Diol Relocation.
Authors: Goodwin Justin A. , Ballesteros Carl F. , Aponick Aaron
Published: March 2016

A novel tandem hemiacetalization/dehydrative cyclization sequence employing monoallylic diols is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of 2H‐Indazoles Through Ga/Al‐ and Al‐Mediated Direct Alkylation Reactions of Indazoles.
Authors: Lin Mei‐Huey , Liu Han‐Jun , Lin Wei‐Cheng , Kuo Chung‐Kai , Chuang Tsung‐Hsun
Published: March 2016

A very simple and efficient method for the regioselective N‐alkylation of pyrazole derivatives with alkyl and benzyl bromides is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron(III) Tetranitrophthalocyanine Chloride Immobilized on Activated Carbon: Efficient, Excellent Chemoselectivity and Recyclable Catalyst for Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Benzimidazoles.
Authors: Zhao Junlong , Qiu Jun , Zhang Yaodu , Hua Chengwen , Gou Xiaofeng , Chen Bang
Published: March 2016

The coupling of o‐phenylenediamine with various aldehydes affording the title benzimidazoles is easy, short, and environmentally friendly.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5‐Substituted 1H‐Tetrazoles Using a Recyclable Heterogeneous Nanonickel Ferrite Catalyst.
Authors: Abrishami Fatemeh , Ebrahimikia Maryam , Rafiee Fatemeh
Published: March 2016

An efficient approach to 5‐substituted 1H‐tetrazoles via nanonickel ferrite catalyzed [2+3] cycloaddition of sodium azide with nitriles is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: B(C6F5)3 as Versatile Catalyst: An Efficient and Mild Protocol for the One‐Pot Synthesis of Functionalized Piperidines and 2‐Substituted Benzimidazole Derivatives.
Authors: Prajapti Santosh Kumar , Nagarsenkar Atulya , Guggilapu Sravanthi Devi , Babu Bathini Nagendra
Published: March 2016

Optimized conditions allow the diastereoselective one‐pot synthesis of highly functionalized piperidines via tandem reactions of acetoacetic esters, aldehydes, and amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of N‐PMP‐1,2‐Dihydropyridines via Formal [4 + 2] Cycloaddition Between Aqueous Glutaraldehyde and Imines.
Authors: Ramaraju Panduga , Mir Nisar A. , Singh Deepika , Gupta Vivek K. , Kant Rajni , Kumar Indresh
Published: March 2016

The two‐step, one‐pot procedure involves an amino‐catalytic direct Mannich reaction/cyclization sequence followed by an IBX‐mediated chemo‐ and regioselective oxidation.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Remote C—H Sulfonylation of Aminoquinolines with Arylsulfonyl Chlorides via Copper Catalysis.
Authors: Liang Hong‐Wen , Jiang Kun , Ding Wei , Yuan Yi , Shuai Li , Chen Ying‐Chun , Wei Ye
Published: March 2016

Copper‐catalyzed direct C—H bond sulfonylation of aminoquinolines using commercially available and inexpensive arylsulfonyl chlorides as the sulfonylation reagents is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of N‐Methyl‐5,6‐dihydrobenzo[c]phenanthridine and Its sp3 C(6)—H Bond Functionalization via Oxidative Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Romo‐Perez Adriana , Miranda Luis D. , Garcia Abraham
Published: March 2016

A novel three‐step sequence for the synthesis of benzophenanthridine (VI) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Disubstituted Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine‐3‐carboxylic Acid Esters
Authors: Liu Ming‐liang , Zhang Qiu‐rong , Li Lin‐hu , Wu Zhao‐yang , Li Zhuo‐rong , Guo Hui‐yuan
Published: March 2016

by condensation of 2‐aminopyridines and ethyl 2‐halogenated acetoacetates
ChemInform Abstract: The Construction of 3‐Methyl‐4‐arylpiperidines via a trans‐Perhydroindolic Acid‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Aza‐Diels—Alder Reaction.
Authors: An Qianjin , Shen Jiefeng , Butt Nicholas , Liu Delong , Liu Yangang , Zhang Wanbin
Published: March 2016

Fused heterocycles bearing multiple contiguous stereocenters are obtained with high enantioselectivity via trans‐perhydroindolic acid‐catalyzed asymmetric aza‐Diels—Alder reaction of isothiazole or oxathiazine derivatives and propanal.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4,7‐Dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo‐[1,5‐a]pyrimidine‐6‐sulfonamide Derivatives
Authors: Kolosov Maksim A. , Al‐Ogaili Muataz J. K. , Kulyk Olesia G. , Orlov Valeriy D.
Published: March 2016

via three‐component condensation of 1‐(1‐piperidinylsulfonyl)acetones, aromatic aldehydes, and 3‐amino‐1,2,3‐triazoles
ChemInform Abstract: Scalable Synthesis of Piperazines Enabled by Visible‐Light Irradiation and Aluminum Organometallics.
Authors: Suarez‐Pantiga Samuel , Colas Kilian , Johansson Magnus J. , Mendoza Abraham
Published: March 2016

A rapid, scalable, and stereoselective assembly of multifunctional piperazines through a [3+3] coupling of azomethine ylides is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidant‐Free Au(I)‐Catalyzed Halide Exchange and C(sp2)—O Bond Forming Reactions.
Authors: Serra Jordi , Whiteoak Christopher J. , Acuna‐Pares Ferran , Font Marc , Luis Josep M. , Lloret‐Fillol Julio , Ribas Xavi
Published: March 2016

The first examples of oxidant‐free Au(I)‐catalyzed halide exchange and halide‐oxygen exchange reactions are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Construction of Bridged trans‐Aza‐Bicyclo[7/6,3/2,1]alkenyl Imines Through Ring Expansion Aza‐Cope Rearrangement.
Authors: Shen Mei‐Hua , Xu Ke , Sun Chu‐Han , Xu Hua‐Dong
Published: March 2016

Unprecedented bridged bicyclic amidines are obtained through a highly stereoselective ketenimine formation/cyclization/aza‐Cope rearrangement cascade.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Controlled Regiodivergent Copper‐Catalyzed Alkylboration of Alkenes.
Authors: Su Wei , Gong Tian‐Jun , Lu Xi , Xu Meng‐Yu , Yu Chu‐Guo , Xu Zheng‐Yang , Yu Hai‐Zhu , Xiao Bin , Fu Yao
Published: March 2016

Following subtle differences in the ligand structure [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver(I)‐Catalyzed Diastereoselective Synthesis of anti‐1,2‐Hydroxyboronates.
Authors: Joannou Matthew V. , Moyer Brandon S. , Goldfogel Matthew J. , Meek Simon J.
Published: March 2016

A wide range of aryl, alkenyl, alkyl aldehydes is used for the anti‐selective addition reactions with various 1,1‐diborylalkanes affording the title boronates.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Borylation Using an Air‐Stable Zinc Boryl Reagent: Systematic Access to Elusive Acylboranes.
Authors: Campos Jesus , Aldrige Simon
Published: March 2016

Various aryl, vinyl, and benzylic bromides are borylated using a nucleophilic borylzinc reagent as efficient boron source under mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt(III)‐Catalyzed C—H Alkynylation with Bromoalkynes under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Sauermann Nicolas , Gonzalez Maria J. , Ackermann Lutz
Published: March 2016

The title alkynylation applies only to indole and pyrrole derivatives and silylated bromoalkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Catalyzed Direct Regioselective Phosphonation of Thiazolo[3,2‐b]‐1,2,4‐triazoles with Dialkyl Phosphites.
Authors: Liu Wenjie , Wang Shaohua , Li Ziying , Huang Yanling , Li Shenghao , Wang Anda
Published: March 2016

An efficient hydrogenative cross‐coupling reaction for a direct phosphonation with dialkyl phosphites furnishes the products in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Humulanolides from the Roots of Cynanchum wilfordii.
Authors: Li Jin‐Long , Fu Yan , Zhang Hai‐Yan , Zhao Wei‐Min
Published: March 2016

Two humulanolides with a bicyclo[6.3.0]undecane core and an adjoining butyrolactone moiety, named wilfolides A (I) and B (II), are isolated and their absolute configurations are confirmed by X‐ray crystallography.
ChemInform Abstract: Three Solvent‐Free Catalytic Approaches to the Acetal Functionalization of Carbohydrates and Their Applicability to One‐Pot Generation of Orthogonally Protected Building Blocks.
Authors: Traboni Serena , Bedini Emiliano , Giordano Maddalena , Iadonisi Alfonso
Published: March 2016

Three alternative approaches for the selective acetalization of carbohydrates and polyols under mildly acidic, solvent‐free conditions are developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Foxo3a Inhibitors of Microbial Origin, JBIR‐141 and JBIR‐142.
Authors: Kawahara Teppei , Kagaya Noritaka , Masuda Yuichi , Doi Takayuki , Izumikawa Miho , Ohta Kumiko , Hirao Atsushi , Shin‐ya Kazuo
Published: March 2016

Title compounds (I) and (II) are isolated from soil‐derived Streptomyces sp.
ChemInform Abstract: Long Persistent Composite Phosphor CaAl2O4:Eu2+,Nd3+/Y3 Al5O12:Ce3+: A Novel Strategy to Tune the Colors of Persistent Luminescence.
Authors: Chen Wenbo , Wang Yuhua , Zeng Wei , Han Shaochun , Li Gen , Guo Haijie , Li Yanyan , Qiang Qinping
Published: March 2016

The phosphor CaAl2O4:0.125%Eu2+,0.25%Nd3+ is synthesized by reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of CaCO3, Al2O3, Eu2O3, Nd2O3, and a 3% excess of H3BO3 as a flux (5% H2/95% N2 stream, 1400 °C, 4 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Polyhydrido Copper Clusters: Synthetic Advances, Structural Diversity, and Nanocluster‐to‐Nanoparticle Conversion
Authors: Dhayal Rajendra S. , van Zyl Werner E. , Liu C. W.
Published: March 2016

Review: [40 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advanced Inorganic Nanoarchitectures from Oriented Self‐Assembly
Authors: Lu Chenguang , Tang Zhiyong
Published: March 2016

Review: [50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Iron Complexes as Potential Anticancer Agents
Authors: Wani Waseem A. , Baig Umair , Shreaz Sheikh , Shiekh Rayees Ahmad , Iqbal Prince Firdous , Jameel Ehtesham , Ahmad Akil , Mohd‐Setapar Siti Hamidah , Mushtaque Md. , Ting Hun Lee
Published: March 2016

Review: 199 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Natural Products from Microbes Associated with Insects
Authors: Beemelmanns Christine , Guo Huijuan , Rischer Maja , Poulsen Michael
Published: March 2016

Review: [139 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Significance of Pyrazolones: A Review
Authors: Gupta Poonam , Gupta Jitendra K. , Halve A. K.
Published: March 2016

Review: 57 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cesium Salts in Organic Synthesis: A Review
Authors: Varala Ravi , Rao Kulakarni S.
Published: March 2016

Review: [recent developments in Cs salt promoted reactions with special focus on mechanstic aspects as well as on the recent applications in drug and organic synthesis
ChemInform Abstract: Coumarin Heterocyclic Derivatives: Chemical Synthesis and Biological Activity
Authors: Medina Fernanda G. , Marrero Joaquin G. , Macias‐Alonso Mariana , Gonzalez Magdalena C. , Cordova‐Guerrero Ivan , Teissier Garcia Ariana G. , Osegueda‐Robles Soraya
Published: March 2016

Review: [212 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Application of Heterogeneous Visible Light Photocatalysts in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Chen Jun , Cen Jie , Xu Xiaoliang , Li Xiaonian
Published: March 2016

Review: 147 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Biological Activity of 5‐Aminouracil and Its Derivatives
Authors: Shaker Raafat Mohamed , Abd Elrady Mohamed , Sadek Kamal Usef
Published: March 2016

Review: 184 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Reactions of α‐Alkyl‐α‐diazo Carbonyl Compounds with Selectivity over β‐Hydride Migration
Authors: DeAngelis Andrew , Panish Robert , Fox Joseph M.
Published: March 2016

Review: [41 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Azafullerene C59N in Donor—Acceptor Dyads: Synthetic Approaches and Properties
Authors: Rotas Georgios , Tagmatarchis Nikos
Published: March 2016

Review: [28 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ferrocene‐Containing Non‐interlocked Molecular Machines
Authors: Scottwell Synoeve Oe. , Crowley James D.
Published: March 2016

Review: [64 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bioinspired Multi‐Block Molecules
Authors: Muraoka Takahiro , Kinbara Kazushi
Published: March 2016

Review: 76 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Applications of 4‐Methoxybenzyl Esters in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Howard Kyle T. , Chisholm John D.
Published: March 2016

Review: 118 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal Catalyzed Valorization of Lignin: The Key to a Sustainable Carbon‐Neutral Future
Authors: Kaerkaes Markus D. , Matsuura Bryan S. , Monos Timothy M. , Magallanes Gabriel , Stephenson Corey R. J.
Published: March 2016

Review: 219 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Medicinal Chemist′s Toolbox for Late Stage Functionalization of Drug‐Like Molecules
Authors: Cernak Tim , Dykstra Kevin D. , Tyagarajan Sriram , Vachal Petr , Krska Shane W.
Published: March 2016

Review: [216 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Markovnikov Free Radical Addition Reactions, a Sleeping Beauty Kissed to Life
Authors: Hoffmann Reinhard W.
Published: March 2016

Review: [49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Non‐covalent Organocatalysis in Asymmetric Oxidative C(sp3)—H Bond Functionalization — Broadening C—H Bond Coupling Reactions
Authors: Stockerl Sebastian , Mancheno Olga Garcia
Published: March 2016

Review: [19 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Importance of Triazole Scaffold in the Development of Anticonvulsant Agents
Authors: Ayati Adile , Emami Saeed , Foroumadi Alireza
Published: March 2016

Review: 105 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Anion Recognition in Water: Recent Advances from a Supramolecular and Macromolecular Perspective
Authors: Langton Matthew J. , Serpell Christopher J. , Beer Paul D.
Published: March 2016

Review: 104 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Chiral Metal Photocatalyst Architecture for Highly Enantioselective Photoreactions
Authors: Amador Adrian G. , Yoon Tehshik P.
Published: March 2016

Review: 17 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Efavirenz a Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor of First‐Generation: Approaches Based on Its Medicinal Chemistry
Authors: Bastos Monica M. , Costa Carolina C.P. , Bezerra Talitha C. , da Silva Fernando de C. , Boechat Nubia
Published: March 2016

Review: 114 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Road to the Synthesis of “Difficult Peptides”
Authors: Paradis‐Bas Marta , Tulla‐Puche Judit , Albericio Fernando
Published: March 2016

Review: 277 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Xenon 129 NMR: Review of Recent Insights into Porous Materials
Authors: Weiland Erika , Springuel‐Huet Marie‐Anne , Nossov Andrei , Gedeon Antoine
Published: March 2016

Review: 237 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synergism as a Phenomenon in Solvent Extraction of 4f‐Elements with Calixarenes
Authors: Atanassova Maria , Kurteva Vanya
Published: March 2016

Review: 144 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Wastewater/Aqueous Solution Using Polypyrrole‐Based Adsorbents: A Review
Authors: Ekramul Mahmud Habibun Nabi , Huq A. K. Obidul , Yahya Rosiyah binti
Published: March 2016

Review: 157 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical‐Looping Combustion and Gasification of Coals and Oxygen Carrier Development: A Brief Review
Authors: Wang Ping , Means Nicholas , Shekhawat Dushyant , Berry David , Massoudi Mehrdad
Published: March 2016

Review: 95 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pathways for Oxygen‐Isotope Exchange in Two Model Oxide Clusters
Authors: Casey William H. , Rustad James R.
Published: March 2016

Review: 35 refs.
Neue Methoden der laserbasierten Gasanalytik
Authors: Lambrecht Armin , Bolwien Carsten , Herbst Johannes , Kühnemann Frank , Sandfort Vincenz , Wolf Sebastian
Published: March 2016

Laser haben durch die Fortschritte in der Herstellung, Qualität und breiten Anwendbarkeit erfolgreich Einzug die optische Online‐ und Inline‐Prozessanalysentechnik gehalten. Es wird gezeigt, welche Möglichkeiten sich durch den Einsatz von laserbasierten Methoden für die Gasanalytik ergeben. Dies wird anhand von Beispielen aus der Infrarotspektroskopie und Raman‐Spektroskopie demonstriert. Mit der Raman‐Spektroskopie in hohlen photonischen Kristallfasern lassen sich geringe Gaskonzentrationen mit Messzeiten im Sekundenbereich detektieren. Mit Quantenkaskadenlasern können Methanemissionen im Spurenbereich aus der Ferne nachgewiesen werden und mithilfe von Lasern und nichtlinear‐optischen Komponenten lassen sich hochempfindliche ungekühlte Infrarotdetektoren für die Gasanalyse realisieren.
Risk‐based process system monitoring using self‐organizing map integrated with loss functions
Authors: Yu Hongyang , Khan Faisal , Garaniya Vikram
Published: March 2016

The conventional dynamic risk assessment technique does not consider the effect of nonlinear interactions among process variables in its operational risk estimation. Thus, this type of technique fails to provide a realistic estimation of the operational risk of complex industrial processes. To address this issue, a multivariate risk‐based process monitoring technique is proposed. This technique takes advantage of the powerful nonlinear dimensionality reduction and visualization power of the self‐organizing map to identify the origin and propagation path of the fault. Through integration with the inverted normal loss function, a robust estimation of the hazard potential and operational risk of process operations can be achieved. The proposed technique is tested with two fault conditions in the benchmark Tennessee Eastman chemical process. The results show promising performance.
Effects of radiation damping for biomolecular NMR experiments in solution: A hemisphere concept for water suppression
Authors: Ishima Rieko
Published: March 2016

Abundant solvent nuclear spins, such as water protons in aqueous solution, cause radiation damping in NMR experiments. It is important to know how the effect of radiation damping appears in high‐resolution protein NMR because macromolecular studies always require very high magnetic field strengths with a highly sensitive NMR probe that can easily cause radiation damping. Here, we show the behavior of water magnetization after a pulsed‐field gradient (PFG) using nutation experiments at 900 MHz with a cryogenic probe: when water magnetization is located in the upper hemisphere (having +Z component, parallel to the external magnetic field), dephasing of the magnetization by a PFG effectively suppresses residual water magnetization in the transverse plane. In contrast, when magnetization is located in the lower hemisphere (having −Z component), the small residual transverse component remaining after a PFG is still sufficient to induce radiation damping. Based on this observation, we designed 1H‐15N HSQC experiments in which water magnetization is maintained in the upper hemisphere, but not necessarily along Z, and compared them with the conventional experiments, in which water magnetization is inverted during the t1 period. The result demonstrates moderate gain of signal‐to‐noise ratio, 0–28%. Designing the experiments such that water magnetization is maintained in the upper hemisphere allows shorter pulses to be used compared to the complete water flip‐back and, thereby, is useful as a building block of protein NMR pulse programs in solution. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A, 2016.
Clinical and treatment factors determining long‐term outcomes for adult survivors of childhood low‐grade glioma: A population‐based study
Authors: Krishnatry Rahul , Zhukova Nataliya , Guerreiro Stucklin Ana S. , Pole Jason D. , Mistry Matthew , Fried Iris , Ramaswamy Vijay , Bartels Ute , Huang Annie , Laperriere Normand , Dirks Peter , Nathan Paul C. , Greenberg Mark , Malkin David , Hawkins Cynthia , Bandopadhayay Pratiti , Kieran Mark W. , Manley Peter E. , Bouffet Eric , Tabori Uri
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND

The determinants of outcomes for adult survivors of pediatric low‐grade glioma (PLGG) are largely unknown.

METHODS

This study collected population‐based follow‐up information for all PLGG patients diagnosed in Ontario, Canada from 1985 to 2012 (n = 1202) and determined factors affecting survival. The impact of upfront radiation treatment on overall survival (OS) was determined for a cohort of Ontario patients and an independent reference cohort from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database.

RESULTS

At a median follow‐up of 12.73 years (range, 0.02‐33 years), only 93 deaths (7.7%) were recorded, and the 20‐year OS rate was 90.1% ± 1.1%. Children with neurofibromatosis type 1 had excellent survival and no tumor‐related deaths during adulthood. Adverse risk factors included pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (P < .001) and a thalamic location (P < .001). For patients with unresectable tumors surviving more than 5 years after the diagnosis, upfront radiotherapy was associated with an approximately 3‐fold increased risk of overall late deaths (hazard ratio [HR], 3.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6‐6.6; P = .001) and an approximately 4‐fold increased risk of tumor‐related deaths (HR, 4.4; 95% CI, 1.3‐14.6; P = .013). In a multivariate analysis, radiotherapy was the most significant factor associated with late all‐cause deaths (HR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.3‐7.0; P = .012) and tumor‐related deaths (HR, 4.4; 95% CI, 1.3‐14.6; P = 0.014). A similar association between radiotherapy and late deaths was observed in the independent reference cohort (P < .001). In contrast to early deaths, late mortality was associated not with PLGG progression but rather with tumor transformation and non‐oncological causes.

CONCLUSIONS

The course of PLGG is associated with excellent long‐term survival, but this is hampered by increased delayed mortality in patients receiving upfront radiotherapy. These observations should be considered when treatment options are being weighed for these patients. Cancer 2016;122:1261–9. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Pathfinders in oncology from ancient times to the end of the Middle Ages
Authors: Hajdu Steven I.
Published: March 2016

This commentary highlights the onset and progression of the diagnosis and treatment of cancer from ancient times to the 15th century. During the preparation of this synoptic review of the lives and contributions to oncology of 7 ancient physicians, it became clear that despite separation by centuries, ethnicity, and religion, they had many things in common. For example, with the exception of Chauliac, all were born into wealthy families, had an excellent education in the liberal arts and sciences, and were mentored by outstanding teachers. After they became physicians, they traveled extensively, were polyglots, were sponsored by influential individuals, had inquisitive minds, searched for the true nature of diseases, and were proud to share the results of their observations with others. Except for Galen, all of them were kind and well‐mannered individuals. They cared with sincere dedication for the poor and those who had untreatable disease, including cancer. Although their understanding of cancer was limited, they were deeply concerned about the neglect and hopelessness of cancer patients. They were aware of their shortcomings in offering effective treatment beyond the surgical excision of early cancers. For advanced cancers, they had nothing to give beyond palliative care with herbals and minerals. All physicians who care for cancer patients owe these pioneer physicians, whatever their shortcomings, an inexpressible debt for their attempts to cure cancer. Cancer 2016;122:1638‐46. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Survival outcomes with concurrent chemoradiation for elderly patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer according to the National Cancer Data Base
Authors: Amini Arya , Jones Bernard L. , McDermott Jessica D. , Serracino Hilary S. , Jimeno Antonio , Raben David , Ghosh Debashis , Bowles Daniel W. , Karam Sana D.
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND

The overall survival (OS) benefit of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients older than 70 years is debated. This study examines the outcomes of elderly patients receiving CRT versus radiotherapy (RT) alone.

METHODS

The National Cancer Data Base was queried for patients older than 70 years with nonmetastatic oropharyngeal, laryngeal, or hypopharyngeal cancer (T3‐4 or N(+)). CRT was defined as chemotherapy started within 14 days of the initiation of RT. Univariate analysis, multivariate analysis (MVA), propensity score matching (PSM), and recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) were performed.

RESULTS

The study included 4042 patients: 2538 (63%) received CRT. The median follow‐up was 19 months. The unadjusted median OS was longer with the addition of CRT (P < .001). OS was superior with CRT in the MVA (hazard ratio [HR], 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58‐0.68; P < .001) and PSM analyses (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.66‐0.80; P < .001) in comparison with RT alone. According to RPA, CRT was associated with longer OS for patients 81 years or younger with low comorbidity scores and either T1‐2/N2‐3 disease or T3‐4/N0‐3 disease. The survival benefit with CRT disappeared for 2 subgroups in the 71‐ to 81‐year age range: those with T1‐2, N1, and Charlson‐Deyo 0‐1 (CD0‐1) disease and those with T3‐4, N1+, and CD1+ disease. Patients who were older than 81 years did not have increased survival with CRT. The receipt of CRT was associated with a longer duration of RT (odds ratio, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.50‐2.01; P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS

Patients older than 70 years should not be denied concurrent chemotherapy solely on the basis of age; additional factors, including the performance status and the tumor stage, should be taken into account. Cancer 2016;122:1533–43. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Counties eliminating racial disparities in colorectal cancer mortality
Authors: Rust George , Zhang Shun , Yu Zhongyuan , Caplan Lee , Jain Sanjay , Ayer Turgay , McRoy Luceta , Levine Robert S.
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND

Although colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality rates are declining, racial‐ethnic disparities in CRC mortality nationally are widening. Herein, the authors attempted to identify county‐level variations in this pattern, and to characterize counties with improving disparity trends.

METHODS

The authors examined 20‐year trends in US county‐level black‐white disparities in CRC age‐adjusted mortality rates during the study period between 1989 and 2010. Using a mixed linear model, counties were grouped into mutually exclusive patterns of black‐white racial disparity trends in age‐adjusted CRC mortality across 20 three‐year rolling average data points. County‐level characteristics from census data and from the Area Health Resources File were normalized and entered into a principal component analysis. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to test the relation between these factors (clusters of related contextual variables) and the disparity trend pattern group for each county.

RESULTS

Counties were grouped into 4 disparity trend pattern groups: 1) persistent disparity (parallel black and white trend lines); 2) diverging (widening disparity); 3) sustained equality; and 4) converging (moving from disparate outcomes toward equality). The initial principal component analysis clustered the 82 independent variables into a smaller number of components, 6 of which explained 47% of the county‐level variation in disparity trend patterns.

CONCLUSIONS

County‐level variation in social determinants, health care workforce, and health systems all were found to contribute to variations in cancer mortality disparity trend patterns from 1990 through 2010. Counties sustaining equality over time or moving from disparities to equality in cancer mortality suggest that disparities are not inevitable, and provide hope that more communities can achieve optimal and equitable cancer outcomes for all. Cancer 2016;122:1735‐48. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
The clinical outcome of pazopanib treatment in Japanese patients with relapsed soft tissue sarcoma: A Japanese Musculoskeletal Oncology Group (JMOG) study
Authors: Nakamura Tomoki , Matsumine Akihiko , Kawai Akira , Araki Nobuhito , Goto Takahiro , Yonemoto Tsukasa , Sugiura Hideshi , Nishida Yoshihiro , Hiraga Hiroaki , Honoki Kanya , Yasuda Taketoshi , Boku Shogen , Sudo Akihiro , Ueda Takafumi
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND

Because the efficacy and safety of pazopanib in Japanese patients with soft tissue sarcoma (STS) had not been evaluated previously in a large‐scale cohort, the authors investigated the efficacy and safety of pazopanib in 156 Japanese patients with relapsed STS. This was a retrospective study based on the collection of real‐life, postmarketing surveillance data.

METHODS

Patients received pazopanib with the objective of treating local recurrence (n = 20), metastasis (n = 104), and both (n = 32). The patient median age was 53.8 years. The primary objective of this study was to clarify the efficacy of pazopanib for patients with STS.

RESULTS

The median treatment duration was 28.7 weeks, and the average dose intensity of pazopanib was 609 mg. Adverse events occurred in 127 patients (81.4%). In addition to the main common toxicities, such as hypertension and liver disorder, pneumothorax (n = 11) and thrombocytopenia (n = 16) also were observed. The median progression‐free survival for all patients was 15.4 weeks. The median progression‐free survival for patients with leiomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, and liposarcoma was 18.6 weeks, 16.4 weeks, 15.3 weeks, and 8 weeks, respectively. The median survival for all patients was 11.2 months. The median survival for patients with leiomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, and liposarcoma was 20.1 months, 10.6 months, 9.5 months, and 7.3 months, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

There were apparent differences in the efficacy of pazopanib treatment among histologic types of STS. Pazopanib treatment is a new treatment option; however, adverse events like pneumothorax and thrombocytopenia, which did not occur frequently in the PALETTE study (pazopanib for metastatic soft‐tissue sarcoma), should be taken into consideration. Cancer 2016;122:1408‐16. © 2016 The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society.
Pazopanib for patients with advanced soft tissue sarcomas in a real‐life setting
Authors: Sleijfer Stefan
Published: March 2016

This editorial addresses a postmarketing study on pazopanib in advanced soft tissue sarcomas. Postmarketing studies are essential to evaluate novel drugs that have been registered in a real‐life setting.
Personalized symptom goals and response in patients with advanced cancer
Authors: Hui David , Park Minjeong , Shamieh Omar , Paiva Carlos Eduardo , Perez‐Cruz Pedro Emilio , Muckaden Mary Ann , Bruera Eduardo
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND

Improving symptoms is a major goal of cancer medicine; however, symptom response is often based on group differences and not individualized. In the current study, the authors examined the personalized symptom goal (PSG) for 10 common symptoms in patients with advanced cancer, and identified the factors associated with PSG response.

METHODS

In this prospective, longitudinal, multicenter study, patients from 5 tertiary care hospitals rated the intensity of 10 symptoms using a numeric rating scale of 0 to 10 at the time of their first clinic visit and then at a second visit 14 to 34 days later. The PSG was determined for each symptom by asking patients: “At what level would you feel comfortable with this symptom?” using the same scale of 0 to 10 for symptom intensity. PSG response was defined as symptom intensity at the time of the second visit that was less than or equal to the PSG.

RESULTS

Among 728 patients, the median PSG was 1 for nausea; 2 for depression, anxiety, drowsiness, well‐being, dyspnea, and sleep; and 3 for pain, fatigue, and appetite. A greater percentage of patients achieved a PSG response at their second visit compared with their first visit (P<.05 except for drowsiness). Symptom response was associated with lower baseline symptom intensity based on PSG criterion but higher baseline symptom intensity based on the traditional minimal clinically important difference definition (P<.001 for all symptoms). In multivariable analysis, higher PSG and nationality were associated with greater PSG response.

CONCLUSIONS

The PSG was ≤3 for a majority of patients. PSG response allows clinicians to tailor treatment goals while adjusting for individual differences in scale interpretation and factors associated with symptom response. Cancer 2016;122:1774‐81. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Histologic and clinical follow‐up of thyroid fine‐needle aspirates in pediatric patients
Authors: Partyka Kristen L. , Huang Eric C. , Cramer Harvey M. , Chen Shaoxiong , Wu Howard H.
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND

Although fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) has an important role in evaluating thyroid nodules in adults, there is little published information regarding its utility in the pediatric population.

METHODS

A retrospective analysis of thyroid FNAs for patients who were 18 years old or younger at 2 institutions was conducted. Aspirates were retrospectively categorized with the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology. These diagnoses were then correlated with either final histopathology or clinical follow‐up.

RESULTS

A total of 186 thyroid FNA samples from 154 patients (122 females and 32 males), who ranged in age from 9 months to 18 years (median, 16 years; mean, 14 years), were identified. FNA was performed to evaluate 1 to 3 nodules for each patient. Aspirates were classified as follows: nondiagnostic (n = 27), benign (n = 114), atypia of undetermined significance (AUS; n = 21), follicular neoplasm (FN; n = 8), suspicious for malignancy (n = 3), and malignant (n = 13). Sixty‐one samples had a histologic correlation, 68 were followed clinically for ≥2 years, and 57 either had no follow‐up or were followed for <2 years. For statistical purposes, FNA diagnoses of suspicious and malignant were considered positive, and benign lesions were considered negative. The accuracy was 99%, and the sensitivity and specificity were 94% and 100%, respectively. The risk of malignancy, not including papillary microcarcinoma, was 2% for benign aspirates, 21% for AUS, 57% for FN, and 100% for suspicious or malignant aspirates.

CONCLUSIONS

This analysis demonstrates that FNA is a sensitive and highly specific modality for evaluating thyroid nodules in pediatric patients. Each diagnostic category can facilitate communication and guide appropriate management. Cancer Cytopathol 2016;124:467–71. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Complete stability of feedback CNNs with dynamic memristors and second‐order cells
Authors: Di Marco Mauro , Forti Mauro , Pancioni Luca
Published: March 2016

The paper considers a feedback cellular neural network (CNN) obtained by interconnecting elementary cells with an ideal capacitor and an ideal flux‐controlled memristor. It is supposed that during the analogue computation of the CNN the memristors behave as dynamic elements, so that each dynamic memristor (DM)‐CNN cell is described by a second‐order differential system in the state variables given by the capacitor voltage and the memristor flux. The proposed networks are called DM‐CNNs, that is CNNs using a dynamic (D) memristor (M). After giving a foundation to the DM‐CNN model, the paper establishes a fundamental result on complete stability, that is convergence of solutions toward equilibrium points, when the DM‐CNN has symmetric interconnections. Because of the presence of dynamic memristors, a DM‐CNN displays peculiar and basically different dynamic properties with respect to standard CNNs. First of all a DM‐CNN computes during the time evolution of the memristor fluxes, instead of the capacitor voltages as for a standard CNN. Furthermore, when a steady state is reached, the memristors keep in memory the result of the computation, that is the limiting values of the fluxes, while all memristor currents and voltages, as well as all currents, voltages, and power in the DM‐CNN vanish. Instead, for standard CNNs, currents, voltages, and power do not drop off when a steady state is reached. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A linearized and low noise CMOS mixer with B‐type amplifier‐based sub‐harmonic balun
Authors: Zhao Lv , Wang Chunhua
Published: March 2016

A low noise and high linearity down‐conversion CMOS mixer for 2.4‐GHz wireless receiver is presented in this paper. Using a sub‐harmonic balun with a simple but effective B‐type amplifier, the local oscillator frequency required for this mixer has been reduced by half, and the input local oscillator signal could be single‐ended rather than differential, which simultaneously simplifies the design of local oscillator. A distortion and noise cancelation transconductor in association with current bleeding technique is employed to improve the noise and linearity of the entire mixer under a reduced bias current without compromising the voltage gain. Fabricated in a 0.18‐µm RF CMOS technology of Global Foundries, the mixer demonstrates a voltage gain of 15.8 dB and input‐referred third‐order intercept point of 6.6 dBm with a noise figure of 2.6 dB. It consumes 7.65 mA from a 1.0‐V supply and occupies a compact area of 0.75 × 0.71 mm2 including all test pads. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.