bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neutrophil-suppressive activity over T-cell proliferation and fungal clearance in a murine model of Fonsecaea pedrosoi infection
Authors: Breda Leandro Carvalho Dantas , de Souza Breda Cristiane Naffah , Kaihami Gilberto Hideo , de Almeida José Roberto Fogaça , Jannuzzi Grasielle Pereira , Ferreira Lucas Gonçalves , de Almeida Sandro Rogério
Published: October 2021

Neutrophils are essential to control several fungal infections. These cells are commonly known for their pro-inflammatory activities. However, some studies have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory properties of neutrophils during certain infectious diseases, culminating in the inhibition of T cell proliferation. Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is a deep and progressive mycosis that affects thousands of people worldwide. Although neutrophil infiltrates are observed in the lesion histopathology, the fungus can overtake the immune system response and destroy the host-infected tissue. The present study demonstrated that neutropenic animals had an increase in the IL-6 production in the spleen and liver, followed by a lower fungal burden in these organs up to 14 days of infection. Neutropenic animals also showed a lower F. pedrosoi-specific antibody production 14-days post infection and higher T-cell proliferation in the in vitro experiments after stimulation with F. pedrosoi-purified proteins. Taken together, our results suggest that the presence of regulatory neutrophils in the mouse model of F. pedrosoi infection could act favoring the spread of the fungus and the chronicity of the infection. These findings shed light on the CBM treatment, which might target neutrophil polarization as a new therapy approach to treat CBM lesions.
Relation of the lumbosacral trunk to the sacro-iliac joint
Authors: Grechenig Peter , Grechenig Christoph , Hohenberger Gloria , Maier Marco Johannes , Lipnik Georg , Schwarz Angelika , di Vora Theresa , Gänsslen Axel
Published: October 2021

This study aims to evaluate the relation between the lumbosacral trunk (LT) and the sacro-iliac joint (SIJ). In forty anatomic specimens (hemipelves) a classical antero-lateral approach to the SIJ was performed. The SIJ was marked at the linea terminalis (reference point A). Reference point B was situated at the upper edge of the interosseous sacro-iliac ligament. The length of the SIJ (distance A to B) and the distance between point A and the ventral branch of the fourth (L4) and fifth (L5) lumbar spinal nerves at the linea terminalis were measured. The SIJ had a mean length of 58.0 mm. The ventral branch of L5 was located closer to the SIJ in very long SIJs (mean length: ≥ 6.5 cm; mean distance: 9.8 mm) compared to very short joints (≤ 5 mm; mean distance: 11.3 mm). For the ventral branch of L4, very long SIJs had a mean distance of 7 mm and very short joints an average distance of 9.7 mm between point A and the nerve branch. A safe zone of approximately 1 cm to 2 cm (anterior to posterior) is present on the sacral surface (lateral to medial) for safe fixation of plates during anterior plate stabilization of the SIJ. Pelves with a shorter dorsoventral diameter of the most superior part of the SIJ apparently give more space for inserting plates.
Mycorrhizal types influence island biogeography of plants
Authors: Delavaux Camille S. , Weigelt Patrick , Dawson Wayne , Essl Franz , van Kleunen Mark , König Christian , Pergl Jan , Pyšek Petr , Stein Anke , Winter Marten , Taylor Amanda , Schultz Peggy A. , Whittaker Robert J. , Kreft Holger , Bever James D.
Published: October 2021

Plant colonization of islands may be limited by the availability of symbionts, particularly arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, which have limited dispersal ability compared to ectomycorrhizal and ericoid (EEM) as well as orchid mycorrhizal (ORC) fungi. We tested for such differential island colonization within contemporary angiosperm floras worldwide. We found evidence that AM plants experience a stronger mycorrhizal filter than other mycorrhizal or non-mycorrhizal (NM) plant species, with decreased proportions of native AM plant species on islands relative to mainlands. This effect intensified with island isolation, particularly for non-endemic plant species. The proportion of endemic AM plant species increased with island isolation, consistent with diversification filling niches left open by the mycorrhizal filter. We further found evidence of humans overcoming the initial mycorrhizal filter. Naturalized floras showed higher proportions of AM plant species than native floras, a pattern that increased with increasing isolation and land-use intensity. This work provides evidence that mycorrhizal fungal symbionts shape plant colonization of islands and subsequent diversification.
Monoclonal antibodies from humans with Mycobacterium tuberculosis exposure or latent infection recognize distinct arabinomannan epitopes
Authors: Ishida Elise , Corrigan Devin T. , Malonis Ryan J. , Hofmann Daniel , Chen Tingting , Amin Anita G. , Chatterjee Delphi , Joe Maju , Lowary Todd L. , Lai Jonathan R. , Achkar Jacqueline M.
Published: October 2021

The surface polysacharide arabinomannan (AM) and related glycolipid lipoarabinomannan (LAM) play critical roles in tuberculosis pathogenesis. Human antibody responses to AM/LAM are heterogenous and knowledge of reactivity to specific glycan epitopes at the monoclonal level is limited, especially in individuals who can control M. tuberculosis infection. We generated human IgG mAbs to AM/LAM from B cells of two asymptomatic individuals exposed to or latently infected with M. tuberculosis. Here, we show that two of these mAbs have high affinity to AM/LAM, are non-competing, and recognize different glycan epitopes distinct from other anti-AM/LAM mAbs reported. Both mAbs recognize virulent M. tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria with marked differences, can be used for the detection of urinary LAM, and can detect M. tuberculosis and LAM in infected lungs. These mAbs enhance our understanding of the spectrum of antibodies to AM/LAM epitopes in humans and are valuable for tuberculosis diagnostic and research applications.
High sensitivity infrared spectroscopy with a diamond waveguide on aluminium nitride
Authors: Forsberg Pontus , Hollman Patrik , Karlsson Mikael
Published: October 2021

Fabrication and demonstration of a diamond waveguide on AlN cladding, showing higher sensitivity than previous diamond and GaAs waveguides.
Application of Au or Ag nanomaterials for colorimetric detection of glucose
Authors: Xue Mingliang , Mao Wei , Chen Jisen , Zheng Fenfen , Chen Wenhui , Shen Wei , Tang Sheng
Published: October 2021

This review mainly introduces several common strategies for the colorimetric determination of glucose by gold or silver nanomaterials.
Exploring the match between the degradation of the ECM-based composites and tissue remodeling in a full-thickness abdominal wall defect model
Authors: Cao Guangxiu , He Wei , Fan Yubo , Li Xiaoming
Published: October 2021

Real-time degradation monitoring and determining a proved intuitional evaluation indicator for tissue remodeling efficiency are beneficial to accurately exploring the match between the degradation of the ECM-based composites and tissue remodeling.
Self-assembly of a trigonal bipyramidal architecture with stabilisation of iron in three spin states
Authors: Taylor Lauren L. K. , Vitorica-Yrezabal Iñigo J. , Borilović Ivana , Tuna Floriana , Riddell Imogen A.
Published: October 2021

Self-assembly of a trigonal bipyramidal architecture with a central mixed oxidation state star from a heterotopic ligand and a single metal salt. Characterisation confirms incorporation of iron as low-spin iron(ii), high-spin iron(ii) and iron(iii).
Electrochemical fluorosulfonylation of styrenes
Authors: Jiang Yi-Min , Yu Yi , Wu Shao-Fen , Yan Hong , Yuan Yaofeng , Ye Ke-Yin
Published: October 2021

An electrochemical preparation of β-fluorosulfonesviaassembly of the readily available styrenes, sulfonylhydrazides, and triethylamine trihydrofluoride, has been developed.
Core–shell structured S@CuO/δ-MnO2 composites as cathodes for lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Xu Guiying , Li Yongying , Cheng Hui , Liu Guan , Yang Ziyang , Gao Guo
Published: October 2021

Novel core–shell structured S@CuO/δ-MnO2 composites have been developed as cathodes for lithium sulfur batteries. They exhibited an excellent electrochemical performance with an initial specific capacity of 848.1 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C.
Series of highly stable Cd(ii)-based MOFs as sensitive and selective sensors for detection of nitrofuran antibiotic
Authors: Zhou Shanhe , Lu Lu , Liu Dong , Wang Jun , Sakiyama Hiroshi , Muddassir Mohd. , Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh Alireza , Liu Jianqiang
Published: October 2021

The oxygen atom of the MOF ether-bridging group acts as a Lewis base site, improving the connection and allowing the detection of 10 antibiotics through the fluorescence quenching effect.
Dynamic interplay between interfacial nanobubbles: oversaturation promotes anisotropic depinning and bubble coalescence
Authors: Nag Sarthak , Tomo Yoko , Teshima Hideaki , Takahashi Koji , Kohno Masamichi
Published: October 2021

A dynamics study of surface nanobubbles using liquid phase electron microscopy showcases their unique push–push behavior.
Ab initio molecular dynamics with enhanced sampling in heterogeneous catalysis
Authors: Piccini GiovanniMaria , Lee Mal-Soon , Yuk Simuck F. , Zhang Difan , Collinge Greg , Kollias Loukas , Nguyen Manh-Thuong , Glezakou Vassiliki-Alexandra , Rousseau Roger
Published: October 2021

Enhanced sampling ab initio simulations enable to study chemical phenomena in catalytic systems including thermal effects & anharmonicity, & collective dynamics describing enthalpic & entropic contributions, which can significantly impact on reaction free energy landscapes.
Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction on rhodium sulfide compared to Pt and Rh in the presence of chloride
Authors: Richards Danielle , Young Samuel D. , Goldsmith Bryan R. , Singh Nirala
Published: October 2021

Chloride poisoning is a serious problem for the electrocatalytic reduction of aqueous nitrate (NO3−) and improved electrocatalysts are needed.
Water vapor and hydrogen gas diffusion barrier characteristics of Al2O3–alucone multi-layer structures for flexible OLED display applications
Authors: Han Ju-Hwan , Kim Tae-Yeon , Kim Dong-Yeon , Yang Hae Lin , Park Jin-Seong
Published: October 2021

Al2O3/Alucone multi-layer films fabricated by alternate ALD/MLD process were evaluated for the gas diffusion barrier property for H2O and H2, indicating enhanced tortuosity and flexibility of multi-layer structure.
Dual-functional carbon-doped polysilicon films for passivating contact solar cells: regulating physical contacts while promoting photoelectrical properties
Authors: Lin Yiran , Yang Zhenhai , Liu Zunke , Zheng Jingming , Feng Mengmeng , Zhi Yuyan , Lu Linna , Liao Mingdun , Liu Wei , Ma Dian , Han Qingling , Cheng Hao , Zeng Qiaoshi , Yuan Zhizhong , Yan Baojie , Zeng Yuheng , Ye Jichun
Published: October 2021

Blistering-free poly-films were achieved by introducing carbon impurities, showing a proof-of-concept certified efficiency of 23.82% based on n-Si/SiOx/poly-Si contacts.
Nano zero-valent iron harms methanogenic archaea by interfering with energy conservation and methanogenesis
Authors: Song Yuanxu , Duan Liangfeng , Du Kaifeng , Song Chao , Zhao Shan , Yuan Xianzheng , Wang Shuguang , Yan Zhen
Published: October 2021

This work reveals that nZVI can undermine energy conservation and diminish methanogenesis of methanogens, which advances a deeper understanding of toxicological mechanism of applying nZVI as an engineered nanomaterial in anaerobic digestion.
Use of CO2 and nylon as the raw materials for flammable gas production through a catalytic thermo-chemical process
Authors: Lee Sangyoon , Jung Sungyup , Lin Kun-Yi Andrew , Tsang Yiu Fai , Kwon Eilhann E.
Published: October 2021

Synthetic textiles have offered a chance to enhance the quality of life since their invention.
Metal-free hydrogen evolution cross-coupling enabled by synergistic photoredox and polarity reversal catalysis
Authors: Cao Jilei , Yang Xiaona , Ma Lishuang , Lu Kanghui , Zhou Rong
Published: October 2021

A visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution cross-coupling of silanes with H2O, alcohols, phenols, and silanols via synergistic combination of photoredox and polarity reversal catalysis has been developed.
Metal-free electrochemical [3 + 2] heteroannulation of anilines with pyridines enabled by dual C–H radical aminations
Authors: Luo Mu-Jia , Ouyang Xuan-Hui , Zhu Yan-Ping , Li Yang , Li Jin-Heng
Published: October 2021

A metal-/external-oxidant-free electrochemical [3 + 2] heteroannulation of anilines and pyridines by dual C–H aminations toward benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines is presented.
Materials design of vertically coupled plasmonic arrays
Authors: Akinoglu Goekalp Engin , Akinoglu Eser Metin , Kempa Krzysztof , Hutchison James Andell
Published: October 2021

Extraordinary transmission of vertically-coupled, quasi-Babinet complementary plasmonic arrays.
Azapyrene-based fluorophores: synthesis and photophysical properties
Authors: Taniya Olga S. , Khasanov Albert F. , Varaksin Mikhail V. , Starnovskaya Ekaterina S. , Krinochkin Alexey P. , Savchuk Maria I. , Kopchuk Dmitry S. , Kovalev Igor S. , Kim Grigory A. , Nosova Emiliya V. , Zyryanov Grigory V. , Chupakhin Oleg N.
Published: October 2021

The latest methods for the preparation/functionalization of azapyrenes, and their photophysical/electrochemical properties and possible applications are overviewed.
New insights onPhyllanthus reticulatusPoir. leaves and stem bark extracts: UPLC-ESI-TOF-MS profiles, and biopharmaceutical andin silicoanalysis
Authors: Sinan Kouadio Ibrahime , Luz Cádiz-Gurrea María de la , Javier Leyva-Jiménez Francisco , Fernández-Ochoa Álvaro , Segura-Carretero Antonio , Glamocilja Jasmina , Sokovic Marina , Nenadić Marija , Aktumsek Abdurrahman , Dall'Acqua Stefano , Zengin Gokhan
Published: October 2021

Our results could provide a great scientific starting point on the way from the bench to functional applications through the use ofP. reticulatus, namely novel nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals and cosmeceuticals.
Multi-functional DNA-conjugated nanohydrogels for aptamer-directed breast cancer cell targeting
Authors: Jiang Gangfeng , Wang Nannan , Jia Lina , Che Hongli , Wang Lihui , Yang Jingyu , Xu Hui , Wu Chunfu , Liu Mingzhe
Published: October 2021

A multi-functional DNA-conjugated nanohydrogel was prepared through the direct copolymerization method for aptamer-directed cancer cell targeting.
Regulation effects of Co2+ on the construction of a Cu–Ni(OH)2@CoO nanoflower cluster heterojunction: a critical factor in obtaining a high-performance battery-type hybrid supercapacitor
Authors: Yang Huifang , Guo Haoran , Li Xinpan , Ren Wenlu , Song Rui
Published: October 2021

The Cu–Ni(OH)2@CoO NFCs heterojunction is successfully constructed in the presence of Co2+, and it presents a high capacitive performance and outstanding cycle stability when used as a battery-type electrode material for supercapacitors.
Stereocomplementary synthesis of casuarine and its 6-epi-, 7-epi-, and 6,7-diepi-stereoisomers
Authors: Li Yi-Xian , Wang Jun-Zhe , Kato Atsushi , Shimadate Yuna , Kise Maki , Jia Yue-Mei , Fleet George W. J. , Yu Chu-Yi
Published: October 2021

A stereocomplementary strategy allows the efficient synthesis of casuarine, 6-epi-casuarine, 7-epi-casuarine, and 6,7-diepi-casuarine from a cyclic nitrone and a nitrone-derived aldehyde. Their glycosidase inhibition profiles were compared.
Electrochemical sulfonylation of imidazoheterocycles under batch and continuous flow conditions
Authors: Leclercq Elise , Boddaert Maxime , Beaucamp Mathieu , Penhoat Maël , Chausset-Boissarie Laëtitia
Published: October 2021

Herein we report a mild, general electrochemical site selective C–H sulfonylation of imidazoheterocycles under batch and flow.
Non-traditional intrinsic luminescence from non-conjugated polymer dots: designing a hybrid biomaterial
Authors: Fernandes Rafaella F. , Paganoto Giordano T. , Temperini Marcia L. A.
Published: October 2021

Herein, an eco-friendly and facile synthesis of nitrogen-containing non-conjugated polymer dots (NCPD) with optimal blue emission is reported from the biopolymer β-glucan with a peptide–polysaccharide linkage (namely NH2-β-glucan).
Electrocatalytic hydrogenation of furfural paired with photoelectrochemical oxidation of water and furfural in batch and flow cells
Authors: Dixit Ram Ji , Singh Aditya , Ramani Vijay K. , Basu Suddhasatwa
Published: October 2021

The simultaneous formation of furfuryl alcohol and furoic acid was achieved from electrocatalytic hydrogenation and photoelectrochemical oxidation of furfural, respectively.
Machine learning based interpretation of microkinetic data: a Fischer–Tropsch synthesis case study
Authors: Chakkingal Anoop , Janssens Pieter , Poissonnier Jeroen , Barrios Alan J. , Virginie Mirella , Khodakov Andrei Y. , Thybaut Joris W.
Published: October 2021

A systematic approach for analysing kinetic data and identifying hidden trends using interpretation techniques in data science with the ANN.
Weaving host matrices with intermolecular hydrogen bonds for high-efficiency white thermally activated delayed fluorescence
Authors: Tian Yuee , Wang Huiqin , Man Yi , Zhang Nan , Zhang Jing , Li Ying , Han Chunmiao , Xu Hui
Published: October 2021

A thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) white organic light-emitting diode (WOLED) holds great promise for low-cost, large-scale lighting applications.
15N-Azides as practical and effective tags for developing long-lived hyperpolarized agents
Authors: Bae Junu , Zhang Guannan , Park Hyejin , Warren Warren S. , Wang Qiu
Published: October 2021

This work demonstrates that 15N-labeled azides are practical and effective tags for developing long-lived hyperpolarized MRI agents and can offer hyperpolarization lifetimes up to 9.8 min at 1 T and high polarization levels up to 11.6% in water.
Enhancing the inherent catalytic activity and stability of TiO2 supported Pt single-atoms at CeOx–TiO2 interfaces
Authors: Yoo Mi , Kang Eunji , Choi Hyuk , Ha Hyunwoo , Choi Hanseul , Choi Jin-Seok , Lee Kug-Seung , Celestre Richard , Shapiro David A. , Park Jeong Young , Kim Chunjoong , Yu Young-Sang , Kim Hyun You
Published: October 2021

An advanced strategy for practical application of Pt-SA catalysts.
Applying the Transtheoretical Model to Stuttering Management Among Adolescents: Part II. Exploratory Scale Validation
Authors: Rodgers Naomi H. , Gerlach Hope , Paiva Andrea L. , Robbins Mark L. , Zebrowski Patricia M.
Published: October 2021

Purpose

This article is the second in a two-part series on the application of the
Transtheoretical Model
to stuttering management among adolescents. The purpose of this article was to apply and explore the validity of newly developed Transtheoretical measures for adolescents who stutter.

Method

The online survey was completed by a national sample of 173 adolescents who stutter between the ages of 13 and 21 years. The multipart survey included a Stage of Change scale, Decisional Balance scale, and Situational Self-Efficacy scale. Participants also completed the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering (OASES), either the teenage or adult version depending on the participant's age, so preliminary construct validity of the new scales could be examined. Exploratory factor analyses were conducted to determine model fit and reduce the scales to the most meaningful items. External validity of the three-part survey was examined by comparing OASES scores across stage of change as well as evaluating the functional relations between the three scales.

Results

Adolescents' readiness to manage stuttering could be clearly described with five discrete stages, although most of the respondents reported being in the Maintenance stage. The pros of managing stuttering reliably predicted stage placement. Internal consistency of the scales ranged from good to excellent. OASES scores differed across stages of readiness in complex but predictable ways.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that the Transtheoretical Model fits the target behaviors involved stuttering management among adolescents. Further examination of the application of the model to validate a stage-based framework for change among individuals who stutter is warranted.
Toward a fast and consistent approach to modeling solar magnetic fields in multiple layers
Authors: Zhu X. , Wiegelmann T.
Published: October 2021

Aims. We aim to develop a fast and consistent extrapolation method for modeling multiple layers of the solar atmosphere.

Methods. The new approach combines the magnetohydrostatic (MHS) extrapolation, which models the solar low atmosphere in a flat box, together with the nonlinear force-free field (NLFFF) extrapolation, which models the solar corona with a chromospheric vector magnetogram deduced from the MHS extrapolation. We tested our code with a snapshot of a radiative magnetohydrodynamic simulation of a solar flare and we conducted quantitative comparisons based on several metrics.

Results. Following a number of test runs, we found an optimized configuration for the combination of two extrapolations with a 5.8-Mm-high box for the MHS extrapolation and a magnetogram at a height of 1 Mm for the NLFFF extrapolation. The new approach under this configuration has the capability to reconstruct the magnetic fields in multi-layers accurately and efficiently. Based on figures of merit that are used to assess the performance of different extrapolations (NLFFF extrapolation, MHS extrapolation, and the combined one), we find the combined extrapolation reaches the same level of accuracy as the MHS extrapolation and they are both better than the NLFFF extrapolation. The combined extrapolation is moderately efficient for application to magnetograms with high resolution.
A fully data-driven algorithm for accurate shear estimation
Authors: Hoekstra Henk
Published: October 2021

Weak lensing by large-scale structure is a powerful probe of cosmology if the apparent alignments in the shapes of distant galaxies can be accurately measured. We study the performance of a fully data-driven approach, based on METADETECTION, focusing on the more realistic case of observations with an anisotropic point spread function (PSF). Under the assumption that PSF anisotropy is the only source of additive shear bias, we show how unbiased shear estimates can be obtained from the observed data alone. To do so, we exploit the finding that the multiplicative shear bias obtained with METADETECTION is nearly insensitive to the PSF ellipticity. In practice, this assumption can be validated by comparing the empirical corrections obtained from observations to those from simulated data. We show that our data-driven approach meets the stringent requirements for upcoming space- and ground-based surveys, although further optimisation is possible.
Survival of planet-induced vortices in 2D disks
Authors: Rometsch Thomas , Ziampras Alexandros , Kley Wilhelm , Béthune William
Published: October 2021

Context. Several observations of protoplanetary disks reveal non-axisymmetric features, which are often interpreted as vortices. Numerical modeling has repeatedly shown that gap-opening planets are capable of producing large and long-lasting vortices at their outer gap edge, making massive planets popular candidates as the source of such features.

Aims. We explore the lifetime of vortices generated by Jupiter-sized planets as a function of the thermal relaxation timescale, the level of turbulence, and the effect of disk self-gravity.

Methods. We conduct 2D numerical simulations using the hydrodynamics codes PLUTO and FARGO, scanning through several physical and numerical parameters. Vortex properties are automatically extracted from thousands of simulation snapshots.

Results. We find that vortices that spawn at the outer gap edge can survive for about 100–3000 planetary orbits, with the shortest lifetimes occurring for moderately efficient dissipation and cooling. However, we also observe a different regime of long-lasting vortices with lifetimes of at least 15 000 orbits for very low viscosity and very short thermal relaxation timescales. Disk self-gravity significantly shortens the lifetime of regular vortices but still allows long-lived ones to survive.

Conclusions. Our results suggest that the cooling timescale plays an important role in vortex formation and lifetime and that planet-generated vortices should be observable at large distances from the star for typical thermal relaxation timescales and low turbulence levels.
Turbulent jet stability increased by ribs inside the nozzle – Stereo PIV measurement one diameter past the nozzle
Authors: Duda Daniel , Abrhám Vladimír , Uruba Václav , Yanovych Vitalii
Published: October 2021

We observe that decreasing the inner nozzle surface by adding longitudinal ribs increases the jet stability in terms of the amount of turbulent kinetic energy in the near shear layer. We try to explain our observation as a stabilization effect of secondary flow vortices emerging in the corners of the ribs. These stream-wise vortices damage the development of larger-scale structures in the near shear layer. This explanation is supported by autocorrelation function of the stream-wise velocity component, which displays slightly smaller integral length-scale in the case with ribs than in the case of smooth nozzle. The experiment is performed at Reynolds number 2.2 × 105 (based on the nozzle diameter 50 mm); the Stereo-PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) measurement takes place at the plane perpendicular to the jet axis one diameter past the nozzle exit. Optical 3D scanner controls the real nozzle geometry. This article presents preliminary measurement at single position and single velocity only; further exploration of this problem is needed.
Analysis of unstable mode of a free gas turbine of turbo-compressors engines
Authors: Hocko Marián , Al-Rabeei Samer
Published: October 2021

This paper analyses unstable mode of a free gas turbine of turboshaft helicopter engine TV3-117. The analysis is focused on the conditions of this phenomenon and the possibilities of its solution in a turboshaft helicopter engine and an industrial turbocharger engine with a free gas turbine. Knowing the causes of the unstable mode of operation of a free gas turbine will allow helicopter pilots to prevent accidents and increase the level of flight safety.
Sizing the thermal energy storage (TES) device for organic Rankine cycle (ORC) power systems
Authors: Kolasiński Piotr , Daniarta Sindu
Published: October 2021

Thermal energy storage (TES) became one of the main research topics in modern power engineering. The design of TES devices and systems depend on their application. Different thermal energy storage materials (e.g., solids, liquids, or phase change materials) can be applied in TES devices. The selection of the thermal energy storage material depends mainly on the thermal power and operating temperature range of the TES device. These devices and systems are applied in different energy conversion systems, including solar power plants or combined heat and power (CHP) stations. The application of TES devices is also considered in the case of other industries, such as metallurgy. The possible application of TES devices is particularly promising in the case of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) systems. These systems are often utilizing floating heat sources such as solar energy, waste heat, etc. TES device can be therefore applied as the evaporator of the ORC system in order to stabilize these fluctuations. In this paper, the possible thermal energy storage materials used in TES devices applied in ORCs are discussed. Moreover, the modelling results are reported related to assessment parameters which can be applied to size the TES device for ORC system utilizing different low-boiling working fluids. The thermal properties of working fluids are taken from CoolProp. The function of heat capacity of different TES materials is also provided and the calculation is computed by employing MATLAB. The result shows that based on the simulation, the gradient of the natural characteristic of TES with working fluids (ζ(Tb)) tends to decrease. The presented result in this paper gives a new point of view which can be used by scientists and engineers during the design and implementation of TES evaporators dedicated to ORC power systems.
Particle image velocimetry measurement of turbulent wake past circular cylinder at Reynolds numbers from 2.5·103to 1.5·104
Authors: Sterly Ondřej
Published: October 2021

A canonical case of air flow past a circular cylinder is studied by using Particle Image Velocimetry technique. This contribution focus to the ensemble statistics (first and second moment) of the stream-wise and transverse velocity component as well as to the in-plane vorticity component. Although the range of explored Reynolds numbers is narrow, we observe a significant shortening of recirculation bubble within this range.
Theoretical foundations of increasing the efficiency of wide-angle diffusers and practical results of new solutions to this problem
Authors: Zaryankin Arkadiy , Cherkasov Mikhail , Lavyrev Ivan
Published: October 2021

It is shown theoretically that the efficiency of wide-angle diffusers mainly depends on the method of supplying the working medium to the diffuser channel and on the nature of the interaction of this medium with the subsequent streamlined surface of the diffuser. The first condition is due to those changes in the acting force factors within the wall (boundary layer), which occur during the transition from the inlet confuser channel to the subsequent diffuser, and the second follows from the need to ensure an uninterrupted flow of the working medium moving against the increasing (in the direction of travel) static pressure. The above computational studies of wide-angle diffusers have shown that, subject to theoretically justified conditions, it is possible to ensure uninterrupted flow in flat and conical diffusers with an increase in the opening angle α of their flow path to 20° and with the same degrees of expansion ration to obtain pressure recovery coefficients commensurate with those in diffusers with an angle α = 7°.
Porous granules formation from oil crops by extrusion process: a theoretical perspective
Authors: Meretukov Zaur A. , Koshevoy Evgeny P. , Shorstkii Ivan A. , Okpala Charles Odilichukwu R.
Published: October 2021

The introduction of extruders, in particular how it works and its principles, must be started from the definition of the extrusion process, the description of its development and types, as well as its functions and advantages. In order to understand the process of extrusion technology, it is necessary to go into detailed descriptions and discussions together with theoretical insights of the subject. In the present article, we discuss a theoretical perspective of production of porous granules from oil crops by extrusion technology. Let’s divide this theoretical perspective into three steps. At first, we study the modeling of statics of oil crop mix compressibility together with carbon dioxide. At second, we study the heat exchange and phase transformation during the stroke of oil crop extruder filled with CO2. At third, we observe the deformation of the oil crops during the extrusion process. There is a probability that extrusion process of oil crop mix with the hard phase of carbon dioxide provides technological way that does not overheat the cellular structure. Potentially, the equation of Van der Waals is able to describe the change in volume of oil crops, which may be related with range of factors associated with volume expansion, calculated by equations as the expansion of granule material takes place at the outlet of extruder matrix. The extrusion processing of a mix of oil crops and carbon dioxide in hard phase at initial stage may likely occur as temperature declines. The resulting values show good compliance of theoretical results to experimental data on the example of coriander seeds.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided pelvic abscess drainage: a report of 2 cases and literature review
Authors: Ouyang Bo-wen , Liu Tian-wen , Fu Zao-li , Li Ye , Zhang Beiping
Published: October 2021

Background Drainage is essential for source control of the infection in a pelvic abscess. The purpose of this study was to report 2 cases of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided drainage of the pelvic abscess and review the literature of different modalities of EUS-guided drainage of pelvic abscess.

Case presentation A 60-year-old male developed a pelvic abscess 1 month after laparoscopic complete tumor resection. An abdominal CT showed a mass shadow (about 7.1 cm × 5.1 cm) in the right pelvic region. Another case was an 85-year-old male who developed a pelvic abscess 3 days after recurrent tumor resection of multiple organs. The CT showed pelvic effusion and gas accumulation (approximately 6.5 cm × 4.2 cm), and the intestinal tube above the small intestinal anastomosis was dilated with effusion. A 19G-A puncture needle was used to puncture the abscess. An 8-mm cylindrical balloon was inserted, followed by a 10 Fr-3 cm double pigtail stent and an 8.5 Fr drainage tube. After EUS-guided drainage of pelvic abscess, the symptoms disappeared without recurrence.

Conclusions EUS-guided drainage is an effective and safe method for treating pelvic abscesses as long as the drainage modality is appropriately selected based on the etiology, size, and mucus viscosity of the abscess.
Thomas Lehn (12.06.1956–06.07.2021)
Authors: Burbelko Michael , Krönung Gerhard , Meyer Torsten M. , Rickert Kathleen , Laurisch Romy
Published: October 2021

Die Interdisziplinäre Arbeitsgemeinschaft Dialysezugang e. V. (IAD) trauert um Thomas Lehn. Tief betroffen müssen wir mitteilen, dass unser langjähriges Vorstandsmitglied am 6. Juli 2021 nach einer kurzen und schweren Erkrankung verstorben ist. Die Nachricht hat uns als IAD-Vorstand sehr getroffen, denn vor nicht allzu langer Zeit haben wir ihn im Videochat in einer Vorstandssitzung gesprochen.
Förderpreis Nephrologische Pflege 2022
Authors: Schäfer Christian
Published: October 2021

Die Thieme Gruppe schreibt im Jahr 2022 wieder den Förderpreis Nephrologische Pflege aus und stiftet das Preisgeld von 1500 Euro.
Mildly Elevated Bilirubin Levels are Associated with Increased Magnetic Resonance Imaging Signal Intensity in the Basal Ganglia of Preterm Neonates
Authors: Kasirer Yair , Bin-Nun Alona , Hammerman Cathy , Yosef Ortal B. , Marianayagam Neelan , Hammerman-Rozenberg Aliza , Shchors Irina , Ben-David Eliel
Published: October 2021

Objective This study aimed to test whether mildly elevated bilirubin levels in preterm infants are associated with increased signal intensity (SI) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the basal ganglia (BG).

Study Design MRI was performed at term equivalent age in 55 postpreterm infants using a neonatal MRI 1-T scanner. SI of the BG was correlated with mild hyperbilirubinemia.

Results BG MRI SI was significantly increased in infants with mild hyperbilirubinemia on T1-weighted image (T1; p = 0.0393) and T2-weighted image (T2; p = 0.0309). We found no effect of gestational age or sepsis on BG MRI intensity; however, there was a significant effect of acidosis on T1 (p = 0.0223) but not on T2 (p = 0.2316). Infants with combined hyperbilirubinemia and acidosis had the most significant increase in SI on both T1 and T2 respectively (p = 0.0072 and 0.0195, respectively).

Conclusion We found a positive association between increased BG MRI SI and mildly elevated bilirubin levels. The effect was greatly strengthened when hyperbilirubinemia was associated with acidosis.

Key Points
Copper-Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization of 2-Aminobenzamide Derivatives: Efficient Syntheses of Quinazolinones and Indazolones
Authors: Lin Wei-Yu , Govindan Karthick , Duraisamy Tamilselvan , Jayaram Alageswaran , Senadi Gopal Chandru
Published: October 2021

A simple copper-catalyzed assembly to formulate quinazolinone and indazolone derivatives in a single protocol manner is reported. These transformations are based on the fact that DMF can serve as a reaction solvent and one carbon synthon for the construction of heterocyclic rings. Moreover, this protocol features base-free and Brønsted acid free environmentally benign conditions with broad synthetic scope. A good scalability is demonstrated.
Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit on Pitching Biomechanics and
Muscle Activity
Authors: Weng Yi-Hsuan , Huang Tsun-Shun , Huang Cheng-Ya , Chen Hsing-Yu , Tsai Yung-Shen , Lin Jiu-Jenq
Published: October 2021

To characterize the scapular pitching biomechanics in symptomatic GIRD pitchers
(SG) compared to asymptomatic GIRD (ASG) and healthy pitchers. The scapular
kinematics and associated muscle activities during pitching were recorded in 33
high school pitchers. Compared to healthy, GIRD pitchers had less scapular
posterior tilt in each pitching event (average difference,
AD=14.4°, p<0.01) and ASG demonstrated less scapular
upward rotation at ball release (AD=12.8°, p<0.01) and
greater muscle activity in the triceps brachii in the early-cocking phase
(AD=9.9%, p=0.015) and in the serratus anterior in the
late-cocking phase (AD=30.8%, p<0.01). Additionally, SG
had less muscular activity on triceps brachii in the acceleration phase and
serratus anterior in the cocking phase (AD=37.8%,
p=0.016; AD=15.5%, p<0.01, respectively)
compared to ASG. GIRD pitchers exhibited less scapular posterior tilt during
pitching, which may cause impingement. Since tightness of the anterior shoulder
is a common cause of inadequacy of posterior tilt during arm elevation,
stretching exercise of the anterior shoulder is recommended. Given the
inadequate recruitment during pitching in the GIRD pitchers, symptoms may
develop following potential impingement.
Heat adaptation measures in private households: an application and adaptation of the protective action decision model
Authors: Beckmann Sabrina Katharina , Hiete Michael , Schneider Michael , Beck Christoph
Published: October 2021

Extreme heatwaves will occur more frequently and with higher intensity in future. Their consequences for human health can be fatal if adaptation measures will not be taken. This study analyses factors related to heat adaptation measures in private households in Germany. During the summer months of 2019, indoor temperatures were measured in over 500 private households in the City of Augsburg, Germany, accompanied by a survey to find out about heat perception and adaptation measures. Hypotheses deducted from the Protective Action Decision Model were tested using one-way ANOVAs, regression analysis and in the end a multiple hierarchical regression model. The results of the hypotheses tested imply an influence of knowledge and heat risk perception of heat adaptation behaviour and an influence of age on heat risk perception. The results of the regression model show an influence of the efficacy-related attribute, of age, indoor temperature, subjective heat stress and health implications to heat adaptation behaviour. In the end, this study proposes adjustments to the PADM according to the results of the hierarchical regression analysis.
Development of a single capacitor-voltage-divider flux-loop for field-reversed theta-pinch plasmas
Authors: Chen Zhipeng , Ye Hui , Zhao Yangming , Deng Huapu , Wang WenShan , Zhao Yang , Lin Wang , Xuan Jingjing , Rao Bo , Wang Zhijiang , Zhang Ming
Published: October 2021

As one of the most important diagnostics of field reversed plasma, the single-flux loop around the vacuum chamber is usually used to measure the magnetic flux to deduce the plasma size. In the theta-pinch process, the power supply will drive a large current through the coil in a short time to generate a high magnetic field, which will cause the magnetic flux in the vacuum chamber to rise sharply. Therefore, the induced voltage on the single-flux loop may be very strong and have high-frequency components. A voltage divider must be used to reduce the induced voltage to the range that the transmission line can withstand. According to the high-frequency characteristics of the measured signal, this paper designs a capacitor voltage divider single-flux loop with reference to the capacitive voltage divider in the industry. After theoretical derivation of parameter selection and then in the preliminary experimental test with and without plasma, the effectiveness of the distributed capacitor flux loop is verified.
Quantifying a partial polyamorphic transition in a cerium-based metallic glass during cooling
Authors: Chen Zhi , Sun Zhaoyue , Lan Fujun , Zhang Xin , Yin Ziliang , Liu Ye , Zeng Zhidan , Ren Yang , Lou Hongbo , Shen Baolong , Zeng Qiaoshi
Published: October 2021

Cerium-based metallic glasses are prototype polyamorphous systems with pressure-induced polyamorphic transitions extensively reported. Cooling typically has a similar effect on materials as compression with regard to reducing volume. However, previous studies show dramatically different behavior of Ce-based metallic glasses between cooling and compression, whose origin remains unclear. Here, using in situ low-temperature synchrotron high-energy x-ray diffraction, the structural evolution of a Ce68Al10Cu20Co2 metallic glass is accurately determined and analyzed by a structure factor and a reduced pair distribution function (PDF) during cooling from 298 to 83 K. An unusually large linear thermal expansion coefficient is revealed, which is associated with both continuous but inconsistent structural changes between the two subpeaks of the first atomic shell in terms of average bond lengths and coordination numbers. These phenomena are suggested to be attributed to a gradual 4f electron delocalization of only a minimal amount (∼2.6% at 83 K) of Ce atoms by quantitative analysis of the PDF data. However, a previously expected global polymorphic transition from a low-density amorphous state to a high-density amorphous state with an abrupt volume collapse is not observed. Moreover, electrical resistivity also shows a continuous increase during cooling without any sharp change. It is clarified that cryogenic temperatures could facilitate but are not powerful enough alone to trigger a global polymorphic transition in the Ce68Al10Cu20Co2 metallic glass, suggesting a wide distribution of its local atomic environment.
Damping and tracking control of nanopositioning stages with double delayed position feedback
Authors: Xu Siqiang , Liu Pinkuan
Published: October 2021

This paper presents a new damping control scheme for piezoelectric nanopositioning stages with double delayed position feedback (DDPF). The DDPF in the inner loop is proposed to suppress vibration of the nanopositioning stage, which leads to a double time-delay system. A new numerical differential method is proposed to determine the parameters of the DDPF with pole placement. Then, a high-gain proportional-integral (PI) controller is designed in the outer loop to achieve a low level of tracking errors, which includes the hysteresis nonlinearity, disturbance, and modeling uncertainties. Experimental tests with various control schemes are conducted on a piezoelectric nanopositioning stage to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Experimental results reveal that the control bandwidth of the system is improved from 79 Hz (with the PI controller), 416 Hz (with the conventional delayed position feedback based controller), and 422 Hz (with the recursive delayed position feedback based controller) to 483 Hz (with the proposed controller).
Chaos–hyperchaos transition in three identical quorum-sensing mean-field coupled ring oscillators
Authors: Stankevich N. , Volkov E.
Published: October 2021

We investigate the dynamics of three identical three-dimensional ring synthetic genetic oscillators (repressilators) located in different cells and indirectly globally coupled by quorum sensing whereby it is meant that a mechanism in which special signal molecules are produced that, after the fast diffusion mixing and partial dilution in the environment, activate the expression of a target gene, which is different from the gene responsible for their production. Even at low coupling strengths, quorum sensing stimulates the formation of a stable limit cycle, known in the literature as a rotating wave (all variables have identical waveforms shifted by one third of the period), which, at higher coupling strengths, converts to complex tori. Further torus evolution is traced up to its destruction to chaos and the appearance of hyperchaos. We hypothesize that hyperchaos is the result of merging the saddle-focus periodic orbit (or limit cycle) corresponding to the rotating wave regime with chaos and present considerations in favor of this conclusion.
The equivalence of thermodynamic potentials for ferroelectric thin films
Authors: Cui X. M. , Zhai W. J. , Zhang Y. , Huang L. , Tang Y. S. , Li C. F. , Li Y. Q. , Lin L. , Yan Z. B. , Jiang X. P. , Liu J.-M.
Published: October 2021

A ferroelectric thin film epitaxially deposited on a substrate is usually subjected to the mixed mechanical boundary conditions that can neither be treated as purely fixed-strain boundaries nor purely fixed-stress ones, thus causing the inconsistency or inaccuracy for choice of the Helmholtz or Gibbs thermodynamic potential. It would be of interest to clarify this inconsistency and set up some rules for such a choice. In this work, we discuss various roadmaps to construct two types of modified thermodynamic potentials under the epitaxial thin film boundary conditions. The equivalence of these thermodynamic potentials is then established. Subsequently, a set of misfit strain–strain phase diagrams by choosing K0.5Na0.5NbO3 thin films as an example of realistic calculations are constructed to check this equivalence. Finally, some scenarios on choosing various thermodynamic potentials for ferroelectric thin films are discussed.
Saturation physics of threshold heat-flux reduction
Authors: Li P.-Y. , Terry P. W. , Whelan G. G. , Pueschel M. J.
Published: October 2021

The saturation physics of ion-temperature-gradient-driven turbulence is examined in relation to the temperature-gradient variation of the heat flux, which can exhibit an upshift of the critical gradient for significant flux relative to the linear instability threshold. Gyrokinetic measurements of saturation properties and spectral energy transfer, which will be defined in Sec. II, are presented, indicating that the physics of saturation is fundamentally unchanged on either side of the upshifted gradient. To analyze heat transport below and above the upshifted critical gradient, a fluid model for toroidal ion-temperature-gradient turbulence is modified to include the kinetic instability threshold. The model and the heat flux are rendered in the eigenmode decomposition to track the dominant mode-coupling channel of zonal-flow-catalyzed transfer to a conjugate stable mode. Given linear and nonlinear symmetries, the stable mode level and the cross-correlation of the unstable and stable mode amplitudes are related to the unstable mode level via linear physics. The heat flux can then be written in terms of the unstable-mode level, which through a nonlinear balance depends on the eigenmode-dependent coupling coefficients and the triplet correlation time of the dominant coupled modes. Resonance in these quantities leads to suppressed heat flux above the linear threshold, with a nonlinear upshift of the critical gradient set by the resonance broadening of a finite perpendicular wavenumber and collisionality.