bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Specificity of Training in Information Technologies in a Multiethnic Situation
Authors:   ", Hristova-Ridzakova Ivanka ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: November 2021

This article aims to show the main specifics in a multi-ethnic school environment and to propose tools and a model based on practical experience in enhancing the success of information technology training. The specifics in the educational environment of children bilinguals are examined. A model of teaching in a school with a multiethnic environment is presented through the use of individual and group practical work on information technologies.
Online Collection of Sophism Problems in Mathematics, Informatics and Informational Technologies
Authors:   St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, Bulgaria, Petrov Philip , Zhecheva Aleksandra ,   "St. Cyril and Methodius" University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: November 2021

The article presents a website dedicated to problems with sophisms, which can be used as a didactical tool in help of teachers in Mathematics, Informatics and Informational Technologies. The project has started as a part of a diploma thesis in the Master‘s program “Technologies of Education in Mathematics and Informatics” in Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski” with subject „Sophisms in help of the teachers of Mathematics, Informatics and Informational Technologies”. The website is available at the following Internet address: https://sofizmi.cphpvb.net.
Food and the Imaginary Other
Authors: Perianova Irina
Published: November 2021

The article considers a number of food-related topics and uses examples from a wide variety of sources, ranging from literary texts through journalistic articles to posts on the internet. Special attention is paid to “real” and imaginary food travels, which have become a fascinating topic of research in our time. Food controversies are also touched upon. It is argued that foreign foods may have mostly been a source of disgust in the past but have subsequently acquired symbolic capital and consuming them has come to be interpreted as a sign of sophistication. Also, food can be said to represent, in many ways, a new discursive currency, which may signal a desired or unwanted identity. In a lot of cases, however, the “original” of a particular food item may not exist and what is provided for consumption is a simulacrum. Cases of nostalgia for the food of the past are approached from this angle. Overall, the article aims at presenting the diverse cultural landscape of the present of which the food of the Other is an integral part.
The effect of physical exertion exercises using electrical muscle stimulation on the development of some physical and functional characteristics of women aged (40-45) years
Authors: Zuhad Fawzi  , Mawahib Hameed
Published: November 2021

The researchers have recently noticed the interest in the problem of overweight and how to find solutions to it until it is now at the forefront in terms of innovating various and different methods and treatment methods, and the interest in developing health fitness is one of the most important requirements of physical activity for the trainees, which led to the multiplicity of sports activities that promote the health aspect For the individual, in addition to the aesthetic aspect, the problem lies in not adopting training programs according to codified scientific foundations aiming, in addition to reducing weight, to raise the general health level of the trainee participating in fitness institutes, as the trainers do not follow the scientific method in codifying training curricula taking into account the individual differences between the trainees Which exposes them to sports injury problems, as the researchers decided to prepare a standardized training program by preparing physical exercises using EMS technology (electrical muscle stimulation) because it saves the time and effort required to lose weight and improve appearance in a fast and effective way, and to know its effect on some physical and functional characteristics of women aged (30) -45). And the aim of the research is to prepare and identify physical exertion exercises using electrical muscle stimulation in developing some physical and functional characteristics of women aged (40-45) years old, and the researchers used the experimental method of pre and post testing for the experimental and control groups, and the research community was identified as trainees in the student club hall Sports Activity / University of Baghdad, for the training season 2019-2020, whose number is (18) trainees, as the research sample was selected using the comprehensive inventory method and the sample was divided into two experimental groups and the control group with (9) trainees for each group. Physical effort was applied using electrical muscle stimulation on the experimental group for a period of time. Eight weeks, with three training units per week, and they used the SPSS statistical bag to process the data and obtain the results, from which the researchers came to the most important conclusions. Exercise physical exertion using electrical muscle stimulation has a positive effect on the development of some physical and functional characteristics of women aged (40-45) years
Developing the Phonemic Awareness of Students Who Are Hard of Hearing and Have Dyslexia
Authors: Alajlan Mohammed Saleh
Published: November 2021

The term phonemic awareness refers to the ability to not only recognize that language is composed of distinct sounds but also the ability to manipulate those verbalized components of words. It is an essential element of reading, which also affects writing, since the two skills are complementary. English Language Learners (ELLs) and students with dyslexia struggle with phonemic awareness as do hard-of-hearing students. The combination of these characteristics tends to intensify the problems these students have and the support they require, which in turn necessitates awareness on the part of teachers and other education professionals. In this study, synthetic phonics and stretched segmenting are used to develop the phonemic awareness of a hard-of-hearing ELL student diagnosed with dyslexia. This single case study found both strategies to be effective in supporting the subject student.
General Intelligence: An Analysis of the Saudi Students’ General Mental Ability and Elementary Cognitive Task Performance
Authors: Alasali Hesham Hanafy
Published: November 2021

Previous studies on human intelligence has revealed that varied factors influence cognitive performance, and some studies have hypothesized the presence of “general intelligence” (g factor) that is responsible for intelligence. However, most studies have been centered on Western cultures. This study thus examines the Saudi students and the g factor hypothesis. A group of Saudi college students participated in a battery of general mental ability tests and elementary cognitive tasks and were assessed for the influence of various factors on cognitive performance. The study results revealed an increase in the average of Saudi students’ intelligence compared to the results of the previous studies, but it did not yield a g factor.
Desigualdades e pandemia de COVID-19: contribuições para o debate sobre as particularidades socio-históricas, educacionais e das juventudes do Brasil
Authors: Andrade Francisca Rejane Bezerra
Published: November 2021

O presente artigo objetiva contribuir para as reflexões críticas em torno dos processos educacionais desenvolvidos no Brasil. Para tanto, realizam-se análises que caminham para o entendimento de que o sistema educacional brasileiro legitima a seletividade e o fracasso dos alunos por meio de um sistema de avaliação meritocrático e excludente próprio da sociedade capitalista. Tenciona-se, ainda, favorecer a compreensão das relações entre os problemas estruturais como a pobreza, o racismo e a segmentação do mercado de trabalho e a ampliação das disparidades educacionais no país, articulando-as aos impactos da pandemia de Covid-19 para a escolarização da população brasileira. Para finalizar, direciona-se o olhar sobre as juventudes brasileiras, com o intuito de compreender os impactos do quadro pandêmico atual para a vida escolar e profissional deste segmento populacional.
Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of generic etoricoxib in healthy volunteers
Authors: Harikrishnan Nishalini , Tan Ka-Liong , Yee Kar Ming , Ahmad Shukri Alia Shaari , Reddy Nalla Ramana , Leong Chuei Wuei
Published: November 2021

Introduction/Study Objectives: A bioequivalence study was performed to compare the pharmacological profile of innovator etoricoxib (ETO) with a newly developed generic ETO, both in a 120 mg tablet formulation. A dissolution study was conducted to optimize the formulation process before evaluating physical changes in the active pharmaceutical ingredient and the formulated product. Methods: This was a randomized, open-label, balanced, two-treatment, two-period, two-sequence, single-dose, two-way crossover, truncated bioequivalence study involving a washout period of ten days. A total of 26 healthy male volunteers were recruited. The pharmacokinetic profile of the test formulation was compared with the reference formulation. Results/Discussion: The pharmacokinetic parameters of ETO were calculated based on the plasma drug concentration-time profile using non-compartmental analysis to determine its safety profile and tolerability. The Test/Reference (T/R) ratio of ETO was 104.36% (90% confidence interval (CI): 98.30%–110.80%) for area under curve (AUC)0-72 while the T/R ratio of maximum concentration (Cmax) was 101.39% (92.15%–111.56%). The 90% CI of the Cmax and AUC0-72 of ETO were within acceptable bioequivalence limits of 80%–125%. All values were within the predetermined limits of the Association of Southeast Asian Nation (ASEAN) bioequivalence guidelines. Conclusion: The test formulation was found to be bioequivalent with respect to the reference drug, according to ASEAN bioequivalence guidelines.
Intraovarian Gestation in Viviparous Teleosts: Unique Type of Gestation among Vertebrates
Authors: Uribe Mari-Carmen , De la Rosa-Cruz Gabino , García-Alarcón Adriana , Carlos Campuzano-Caballero Juan
Published: November 2021

The intraovarian gestation, occurring in teleosts, makes this type of reproduction a such complex and unique condition among vertebrates. This type of gestation of teleosts is expressed in special morphological and physiological characteristic where occurs the viviparity and it is an essential component in the analysis of the evolutionary process of viviparity in vertebrates. In viviparous teleosts, during embryogenesis, there are not development of Müllerian ducts, which form the oviducts in the rest of vertebrates, as a result, exclusively in teleosts, there are not oviducts and the caudal region of the ovary, the gonoduct, connects the ovary to the exterior. The lack of oviducts defines that the embryos develop into the ovary, as intraovarian gestation. The ovary forms the oocytes which may develop different type of oogenesis, according with the storage of diverse amount of yolk, variation observed corresponding to the species. The viviparous gestation is characterized by the possible intimate contact between maternal and embryonic tissues, process that permits their metabolic interchanges. So, the nutrients obtained by the embryos could be deposited in the oocyte before fertilization, contained in the yolk (lecithotrophy), and may be completed during gestation by additional provisioning from maternal tissues to the embryo (matrotrophy). Then, essential requirements for viviparity in poeciliids and goodeids are characterized by: a) the diversification of oogenesis, with the deposition of different amount of yolk in the oocyte; b) the insemination, by the transfer of sperm to the female gonoduct and their transportation from the gonoduct to the germinal region of the ovary where the follicles develop; c) the intrafollicular fertilization; d) the intraovarian gestation with the development of embryos in intrafollicular gestation (as in poeciliids), or intraluminal gestation (as in goodeids); and, e) the origin of embryonic nutrition may be by lecithotrophy and matrotrophy. The focus of this revision compares the general and specific structural characteristics of the viviparity occurring into the intraovarian gestation in teleosts, defining this reproductive strategy, illustrated in this review with histological material in a poeciliid, of the species Poecilia latipinna (Lesueur, 1821) (Poeciliidae), and in a goodeid, of the species Xenotoca eiseni (Rutter, 1896) (Goodeidae).
The Geothermal Power Plants of Amiata Volcano, Italy: Impacts on Freshwater Aquifers, Seismicity and Air
Authors: Borgia Andrea , Mazzoldi Alberto , Micheli Luigi , Grieco Giovanni , Calcara Massimo , Balducci Carlo
Published: November 2021

Production of geothermal energy for electricity at Amiata Volcano uses flash-type power plants with cooling towers that evaporate much of the geothermal fluid to the atmosphere to condense the geothermal vapour extracted. Because the flash occurs also within the geothermal reservoir, it causes a significant depressurization within it that, in turns, results in a drop of the water table inside the volcano between 200 and 300 m. The flow rates of natural springs around the volcano have also substantially decreased or ceased since the start of geothermal energy exploitation. Continuous recording of aquifer conditions shows substantial increases in salinity (>20%) and temperature (>2°C) as the water table falls below about 755–750 m asl. In addition to hydrologic impacts, there are also a large numbers of induced earthquakes, among which the ML 3.9, April 1, 2000 earthquake that generated significant damage in the old villages and rural houses. Relevant impacts on air quality occur when emissions are considered on a per-MW basis. For example, CO2+CH4 emissions at Amiata are comparable to those of gas-fired power plants, while the acid-rain potential is about twice that of coal-fired power plants. Also, a significant emission of primary and secondary fine particles is associated with the cooling towers. These particles contain heavy metals and are enriched in sodium, vanadium, zinc, phosphorous, sulphur, tantalium, caesium, thallium, thorium, uranium, and arsenic relative to comparable aerosols collected in Florence and Arezzo. Measurements have shown that mercury emitted at Amiata comprises 42% of the mercury emitted from all Italian industries, while an additional comparable amount is emitted from the other geothermal power plants of Tuscany. We believe that the use of air coolers in place of the evaporative cooling towers, as suggested in 2010 by the local government of Tuscany, could have and can now drastically reduced the environmental impact on freshwater and air. On the opposite side of the coin, air-coolers would increase the amount of reinjection, increasing the risk of induced seismicity. We conclude that the use of deep borehole heat exchangers could perhaps be the only viable solution to the current geothermal energy environmental impacts.
The Roles of Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Motors in Industry 4.0 Era: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: P. Wankhede Sahil , Xu Tian-Bing
Published: November 2021

Piezoelectric Ultrasonic motors (USM) are based on the principle of converse piezoelectric effect i.e., vibrations occur when an electrical field is applied to piezoelectric materials. USMs have been studied several decades for their advantages over traditional electromagnetic motors. Despite having many advantages, they have several challenges too. Recently many researchers have started focusing on Industry 4.0 or Fourth Industrial revolution phase of the industry which mostly emphasis on digitization & interconnection of the entities throughout the life cycle of the product in an industrial network to get the best possible output. Industry 4.0 utilizes various advanced tools for carrying out the nexus between the entities & bringing up them on digital platform. The studies of the role of USMs in Industry 4.0 scenario has never been done till now & this article fills that gap by analyzing the piezoelectric ultrasonic motors in depth & breadth in the background of Industry 4.0. This article delivers the novel working principle, illustrates examples for effective utilization of USMs, so that it can buttress the growth of Industry 4.0 Era & on the other hand it also analyses the key Industry 4.0 enabling technologies to improve the performance of the USMs.
Residual Stresses Distribution Posterior to Welding and Cutting Processes
Authors: Manai Asma
Published: November 2021

Welding is a joining process that leads to considerable change in the local material and the formation of welding residual stresses (RS). Welding residual stresses can be compressive (beneficial for the fatigue life) or tensile (harmful for the fatigue life). In this chapter, a probabilistic analysis of residual stresses distribution posterior to welding processes is carried out. Several researchers stated that the type of the introduced stresses either compressive or tensile depends on several factors. Some of these factors are listed in this chapter. Welding of mega-structures is carried out in the workshops, then a cutting process takes place to construct the exact size of the structural components. This cutting process has a significant effect on the weld residual stresses re-distribution. A study of the re-distribution of the weld residual stress after cutting was performed. It was found that independent of the weld seam length, the residual stresses re-distributed up to 60 % of the weld seam length.
Challenges Facing during Pregnancy and Measures to Overcome
Authors: Devi Ramalingam Gayatri , Kumar Sampath Saravana , Priya Amirtham Jothi
Published: November 2021

Pregnancy is a time of transformation for both the mother and the baby, with significant physical and emotional changes. There are many discomforts that occur during pregnancy. Morning sickness, headache and backache, bladder and bowel changes, changes in hair and skin colour, indigestion and heartburn, leg cramps and swelling, vaginal thrush and discharge are the few common complications facing during pregnancy. As a result, the aim of this study was to describe the difficulties in obtaining health information and the measures to overcome the discomfort during pregnancy. Research articles for this review were searched by using the keywords “pregnancy”, health issues”, “measures to overcome”, “challenges”. There were studies that looked at the health problems that women face during pregnancy were included in this review article. Pregnancy issues such as gestational diabetes mellitus, hypertension, preeclampsia, caesarean birth, and postpartum weight retention are all more likely in overweight and obese women. More research into the link between nutritional advancements and the rising prevalence of GDM in the developing world is needed. Iron supplementation has been linked to glucose dysregulation and hypertension in mid-pregnancy; its effectiveness and potential risks should be carefully considered. As a result, legislators and health planners should remove barriers, promote self-care, and improve the quality of life for pregnant women, ultimately improving their health.
Indwelling Pleural Catheters
Authors: Sivagnaname Yuvarajan , Krishnamurthy Durga , Radhakrishnan Praveen , Maria Selvam Antonious
Published: November 2021

Indwelling pleural catheters (IPC) are now being considered worldwide for patients with recurrent pleural effusions. It is commonly used for patients with malignant pleural effusions (MPE) and can be performed as outpatient based day care procedure. In malignant pleural effusions, indwelling catheters are particularly useful in patients with trapped lung or failed pleurodesis. Patients and care givers are advised to drain at least 3 times a week or in presence of symptoms i.e. dyspnoea. Normal drainage timing may lasts for 15–20 min which subsequently improves their symptoms and quality of life. Complications which are directly related to IPC insertion are extremely rare. IPC’s are being recently used even for benign effusions in case hepatic hydrothorax and in patients with CKD related pleural effusions. Removal of IPC is often not required in most of the patients. It can be performed safely as a day care procedure with consistently lower rates of complications, reduced inpatient stay. They are relatively easy to insert, manage and remove, and provide the ability to empower patients in both the decisions regarding their treatment and the management of their disease itself.
Starch Biodegradable Films Produced by Electrospraying
Authors: Cuellar Sánchez Verónica , González Vázquez Marcela , B. García-Hernández Alitzel , S. Serrano-Villa Fátima , de la Paz Salgado Cruz Ma. , García Bórquez Arturo , Morales-Sánchez Eduardo , R. Farrera-Rebollo Reynold , Calderón-Domínguez Georgina
Published: November 2021

The use of particles obtained from biopolymers is of interest in fields such as bioengineering and nanotechnology, with applications in drug encapsulation, tissue engineering, and edible biofilms. A method used to obtain these particles is electrohydrodynamic atomization (EHDA), which can generate different structures depending on the process conditions and raw materials used, opening a wide range of research in the biopolymers field, where starch is considered an excellent material to produce edible and biodegradable films. This chapter is a compilation and analysis of the newest studies of this technique, using starch with or without modifications to prepare films or membranes and their potential applications. A systematic literature review, focused on starch, and EHDA was carried out, finding 158 articles that match these criteria. From these results, a search inside them, using the words edible and biodegradable was conducted, showing 93 articles with these key words. The information was analyzed observing the preference to use corn, potato, rice, and cassava starches, obtaining mainly scaffolds and fibers and, in much less proportion, films or capsules. This review shows a window of opportunity for the study of starchy materials by EHDA to produce films, coatings, and capsules at micro or nano levels.
Threat toCitrusin a Global Pollinator Decline Scenario: Current Understanding of Its Pollination Requirements and Future Directions
Authors: Gurung Subhankar , Chettri Arun
Published: November 2021

Pollinators are vital for world biodiversity and their contribution to agricultural productivity is immense. Pollinators are globally declining with reports such as colony collapse being documented. Citrus exhibits a varying degree of pollination requirements due to its vast cultivars being developed all the time. The article intends to understand the breeding system of a few commercially important Citrus groups and discern its dependency on pollination services. The threat related to pollinator decline to the Citrus industry is measured not only by its reliance on pollinators but also the requirement of the consumers and manufacturers who mostly seek seedless varieties. Therefore, the threat can be tackled by developing high-quality seedless varieties where pollination requirement is absent. Although the importance of pollinators on several self-incompatible varieties cannot be negated, the impact of pollinator decline on its production will entirely depend upon the demand of the market.
Endocrine Functions of the Testes
Authors: Victor Emojevwe , Osarugue Igiehon , Mega Obukohwo Oyovwi , Eze Kingsley Nwangwa , Alexander Obidike Naiho
Published: November 2021

The testes, also known as the male gonads are found in the scrotal sacs. In addition to their spermatogenic functions, they also secrete steroids and protein hormones. The steroid hormones are the androgens, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone as well as estrogen, while the protein hormones are inhibins, activins, and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH). This chapter therefore discusses the role of the testis in the production and functions of the testicular androgens as well as testicular protein hormones.
The History of Neurosurgical Management of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Kaoutzani Lydia , Y. Rahimi Scott
Published: November 2021

Stroke remains a major public health issue and the second leading cause of death worldwide. The Hippocratic Corpus used the word apoplexy to describe a person collapsing while retaining pulse and respiration. This is believed to be the first written description of stroke. The theories of what caused stroke evolved over the years. When autopsies were performed stroke was attributed to emboli and thrombi formation. Carotid endarterectomies (CEA) were then performed for the treatment of stroke. Originally CEA were seen with skepticism but the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy trial (NASCET) and the European Carotid Surgery trial (ECS) helped restore their efficacy in the management of ischemic stroke. A milestone in the management of ischemic stroke was the use of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Secondary to the limitations of the use of tPA other avenues were sought which included intraarterial recombinant prourokinase and mechanical thrombectomy. The field of mechanical thrombectomy continues to be rapidly changing and evolving. Various randomized controlled trials and meta-analysis have been conducted in order to evaluate who will benefit from mechanical thrombectomies, the timing, the best device to use and the role of combining this intervention with the administration of intravenous tPA.
Crustacea: The Increasing Economic Importance of Crustaceans to Humans
Authors: Nugroho Susanto Gregorius
Published: November 2021

Crustaceans (subphylum Crustacea) are members of the phylum Arthropods, including crabs, lobsters, crayfish, prawn, shrimp, krill, barnacles, woodlice and beach fleas. The most common types of crustaceans are shrimp and crab. This subphylum is distinguished from other arthropods, including myriapods, insects, and chelicerates, by the presence of two-parted (biramous) appendages, and the hatchling’s nauplius shape. In addition, these arthropods are majorly aquatic, often found in fresh, marine, or brackish water bodies, however, some crabs, hermit crabs, woodlice and other members of the subphylum, are found in terrestrial environments. Also, most crustaceans are free-living while numerous are parasitic (for instance, Rhizocephala, tongue worms, fish lice) and sessile (barnacles). Mostly lived nocturnal. Crustaceans have a great economic importance to humans. The group is of great value directly or indirectly for his health and economic progress, such as aesthetic, commercial, gastronomic, biomedical, bioindicator, biomonitor, geological values, and miscellaneous uses, biodeterioration and poisons.
Human Empowerment between Ethics and Law
Authors: Della Giustina Camilla
Published: November 2021

The aim of this work is to highlight the problems that human empowerment poses in the sports field. The phenomenon of sport doping is precisely analyzed as an expression of enhancement in the light of a biogiuridic and bioethical reflection. The question that animates all the digression essentially concerns the definition of doping and therefore whether the same depends on purely legal qualifications and classifications or whether it is a social and cultural phenomenon and therefore whether it is the cultural context of reference to define a given phenomenon, substance or practice as a dopant. To pursue this objective, it was decided to provide a first definition of human empowerment in order to delimit the field of investigation and then analyze only one of the different expressions of this phenomenon, doping precisely. Consequently, it was decided to provide a study of the doping phenomenon both from a legal and ethical point of view within the macro-context doping in sport.
OAM Modes in Optical Fibers for Next Generation Space Division Multiplexing (SDM) Systems
Authors: Rjeb Alaaeddine , Fathallah Habib , Machhout Mohsen
Published: November 2021

Due to the renewed demand on data bandwidth imposed by the upcoming capacity crunch, optical communication (research and industry) community has oriented their effort to space division multiplexing (SDM) and particularly to mode division multiplexing (MDM). This is based on separate/independent and orthogonal spatial modes of optical fiber as data carriers along optical fiber. Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) is one of the variants of MDM that showed promising features including the efficient enhancement of capacity transmission from Tbit to Pbit and substantial improvement of spectral efficiency up to hundreds (bs-1 Hz-1). In this chapter, we review the potentials of harnessing SDM as a promising solution for next generation global communications systems. We focus on different SDM approaches and we address specifically the MDM (different modes in optical fiber). Finally, we highlight the recent main works and achievements that have been conducted (in last decade) in OAM-MDM over optical fibers. We focus on main R&D activities incorporating specialty fibers that have been proposed, designed and demonstrating in order to handle appropriates OAM modes.
A Novel Energy Management Control Technique for PV-Battery System in DC Microgrids
Authors: Hajebrahimi Hadis , Makhdoomi Kaviri Sajjad , Eren Suzan , Bakhshai Alireza
Published: November 2021

This paper presents a new energy management control technique for PV-Battery system used in DC microgrids. The proposed control technique is performed based on a droop control algorithm that maintains DC-bus voltage in a desirable and required range adaptively. Tightly Regulating the bus voltage In the islanded mode of operation is very challenging. However, the proposed control method by introducing a nonlinear droop profile with four adaptive parameters shows its superiority. Adaptive parameters determined by the non-linear optimal algorithms. Tightly regulating the DC bus voltage during extensive changes in demand loads/sources within a DC Micro Grid is the responsibility of the adaptive parameters. Stability of the proposed method in the whole system for a very broad range of operating conditions are proved. Simulation results along with the experimental results verify the feasibility of the proposed approach while demonstrate its superior performance compared to the conventional control method.
Optical Inhouse Networks
Authors: H.P. Fischer Ulrich , Haupt Matthias , Kußmann Peter
Published: November 2021

Optical fiber networks are currently the standard for delivering high bandwidth to customers. Various access technologies to business networks with a very high bandwidth up to access networks for buildings and individual consumers have emerged. In the area of business networks, bandwidths of 10 Gb/s have become established, while in the area of customer bandwidths of 100 Mb/s to 1 Gb/s are used. This chapter will focus on the optical network connections inside buildings. The use of optical glass fibers or/and polymeric optical fibers in different network topologies in connection to high-speed actual WIFI- technologies will be discussed.
Towards the Use of Yellow Clay in Fired Bricks
Authors: Achik Maryam , Moumni Boutaina , Benmoussa Hayat , Oulmekki Abdellah , Touache Abdelhamid , Gonzalez Álvaro Gil , Guitián Rivera Francisco , Infantes-Molina Antonia , Eliche-Quesada Dolores , Kizinievic Olga
Published: November 2021

This chapter deals with the study of the possibility of using yellow clay - which was only used in pottery so far- in the civil engineering field as building materials, especially in the field of fired bricks. With the aim to improve the technological properties of yellow clay based bricks, two wastes were used as secondary raw materials. The first one is a mineral waste - pyrrhotite ash - this waste was neither characterized nor valued before by any other author. While the second waste is an organic waste - cedar sawdust - which is from the artisanal sector. Clay bricks containing yellow clay and different content of wastes were prepared and tested to evaluate their technological properties: water absorption, bulk density, porosity and mechanical strength… The test results indicate that the addition of wastes to clay bricks improves their technological properties and highlights the possibility of wastes reuse in a safe and sustainable way.
La conversión de san Agustín
Authors: Alonso del Campo Urbano ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: November 2021

La limitación en la comprensión del fenómeno religioso de la conversión no proviene solamente del hecho de que la psicología tenga un campo de acción propio y limitado, sino también de la dificultad de utilizar los «instrumentos» o medios de conocer la conversión; es decir, de la validez y objetividad de los relatos de las conversiones. Podemos y debemos preguntarnos en qué medida estos relatos, es decir, las «confesiones» de los convertidos son fuentes dignas de crédito; si los autores mismos pueden manifestar sus propias experiencias religiosas de un modo objetivo que sirvan de base para un análisis psicológico. Se trata de saber qué objetividad puede garantizar un estudio basado sobre un relato cuyo contenido es tan difícil de manifestar, aparte de otras muchas causas que pueden modificar el contenido y la situación psicológica de la persona, sin que ella misma lo advierta.
Skepticism and Default Assumptions
Authors: Sosa Ernest ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: November 2021

A telic virtue-theoretic approach to gnoseology (to the theory of knowledge) is developed. Two new concepts are introduced: the concept of default assumptions, and the concept of secure knowledge full well. A default assumption for a given domain of human performance is an assumption that agents in that domain can make with no negligence or recklessness as they perform in the domain. Knowledge full well is judgment or representation (alethic affirmation, whether judgmental or just telically, functionally representational) that attains success (truth) aptly, and whose aptness is also attained aptly. However, secure knowledge full well requires in addition that not easily might the thinker have lacked the pertinent SSS profiles that account for the aptness and full aptness of their success. The aim of the paper is to explain how those two new concepts help explain the pertinent epistemic data concerning varieties of knowledge and epistemically rational belief. These concepts enable a virtue epistemology that more fully attains that explanatory objective.
Understanding the Prevalence of Prediabetes and Diabetes in Patients With Cancer in Clinical Practice: A Real-World Cohort Study
Authors: Ose Dominik J. , Viskochil Richard , Holowatyj Andreana N. , Larson Mikaela , Wilson Dalton , Dunson William A. , Deshmukh Vikrant G. , Butcher J. Ryan , Taylor Belinda R. , Svoboda Kim , Leiser Jennifer , Tingey Benjamin , Haaland Benjamin , Wetter David W. , Fisher Simon J. , Hashibe Mia , Ulrich Cornelia M.
Published: November 2021

Background: This study aimed to understand the prevalence of prediabetes (preDM) and diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients with cancer overall and by tumor site, cancer treatment, and time point in the cancer continuum. Methods: This cohort study was conducted at Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah. Patients with a first primary invasive cancer enrolled in the Total Cancer Care protocol between July 2016 and July 2018 were eligible. Prevalence of preDM and DM was based on ICD code, laboratory tests for hemoglobin A1c, fasting plasma glucose, nonfasting blood glucose, or insulin prescription. Results: The final cohort comprised 3,512 patients with cancer, with a mean age of 57.8 years at cancer diagnosis. Of all patients, 49.1% (n=1,724) were female. At cancer diagnosis, the prevalence of preDM and DM was 6.0% (95% CI, 5.3%–6.8%) and 12.2% (95% CI, 11.2%–13.3%), respectively. One year after diagnosis the prevalence was 16.6% (95% CI, 15.4%–17.9%) and 25.0% (95% CI, 23.6%–26.4%), respectively. At the end of the observation period, the prevalence of preDM and DM was 21.2% (95% CI, 19.9%–22.6%) and 32.6% (95% CI, 31.1%–34.2%), respectively. Patients with myeloma (39.2%; 95% CI, 32.6%–46.2%) had the highest prevalence of preDM, and those with pancreatic cancer had the highest prevalence of DM (65.1%; 95% CI, 57.0%–72.3%). Patients who underwent chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or immunotherapy had a higher prevalence of preDM and DM compared with those who did not undergo these therapies. Conclusions: Every second patient with cancer experiences preDM or DM. It is essential to foster interprofessional collaboration and to develop evidence-based practice guidelines. A better understanding of the impact of cancer treatment on the development of preDM and DM remains critical.
Priorities of Unmet Needs for Those Affected by Colorectal Cancer: Considerations From a Series of Nominal Group Technique Sessions
Authors: Worrall Sharyn F. , Dwyer Andrea J. , Garcia Reese M. , McAbee Keavy E. , Davis Anjelica Q.
Published: November 2021

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer among men and women in the United States. Patients and survivors experience a range of challenges, including anxiety, financial issues, long-term adverse effects, and more. The intent of this project was to assess the needs of the CRC community directly from survivors and their caregivers and to lay a foundation for ongoing support. Methods: Twelve nominal group technique sessions were facilitated. Participants were randomized and presented with the following questions: “What information do you wish you had at the time of diagnosis?” and “What information do you need now as a survivor?” After the nominal group technique process, each statement’s score was divided by the number of people in the session, providing the average to identify the top-ranked statements. Themes and subthemes were applied to statements. Results were compared between coders. Results: There was a total of 79 participants, 49 of whom self-identified as a patient with or survivor of cancer. Patient/survivor demographics were as follows: stage IV disease (n=20), stage III disease (n=22), stage II disease (n=5), stage I disease (n=2), caregiver/family member (n=30), male (n=16), female (n=63), White (n=50), Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (n=1), Hispanic/Latino (n=13), Black/African American (n=11), Asian (n=1), and more than one race/ethnicity (n=3). The most frequent themes among responses to the first question were communication and coordination with care team and access to CRC resources. The most frequent themes among responses to the second question were psychosocial support and family/caregiver support. Frequent themes among responses across both questions were understanding treatment options and adverse effects. Conclusions: These findings highlight gaps in support for individuals affected by CRC, and lay a foundation for ongoing assistance. Future studies exploring differences based on disease stage, race/ethnicity, age, gender identity, geographic location, and tumor location are needed to further tailor support for those experiencing CRC. Themes identified in this project require a multidisciplinary approach to ensure that the unmet needs of survivors are addressed.
New Settings for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Urothelial Cancer
Authors: Siefker-Radtke Arlene O.
Published: November 2021

The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has changed the game in cancer immunotherapy, specifically in the treatment of urothelial bladder cancer. Several clinical trials combining chemotherapy with ICIs have resulted in approvals from the FDA and subsequent revisions within the NCCN Guidelines. The current NCCN Guidelines for Bladder Cancer reflect the most up-to-date, evidence-based data relating to the evaluation and management of urothelial bladder cancer. ICIs have been incorporated into the guidelines as maintenance therapy in response to chemotherapy, sequencing after disease progression from frontline chemotherapy, and for the treatment of non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
Updates in the Management of CLL/SLL: Management of Relapsed/Refractory Disease and the Role of Minimal Residual Disease
Authors: Brown Jennifer R.
Published: November 2021

In relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the choice of therapy depends on the risk profile, prior therapy, and patient comorbidities. The first novel agent for patients who had previously received chemoimmunotherapy is typically a BTK inhibitor or combination venetoclax + rituximab. For patients with problematic comorbidities, however, a PI3K inhibitor can be used, but generally this is reserved for later lines of therapy. For those who stop ibrutinib due to adverse events, there are broad options but data are still limited. For those whose disease progresses on a BTK inhibitor, the only prospective data are for use of venetoclax. For patients who have been treated with venetoclax + rituximab and experience relapse, retreatment is a possibility if they have had a durable remission. Finally, undetectable minimal residual disease is strongly predictive of durability of response for time-limited regimens but not for continuous BTK inhibition, and is generally not indicated for monitoring patients.
Sobre la relación entre investigación e intervención en Trabajo Social
Authors: Scarpino Pascual , Bertona Lucía
Published: November 2021

Los procesos de creciente producción de desigualdades a escala global nos permiten reafirmar que Trabajo Social puede contribuir con la transformación de las mismas, en tanto produzca intervenciones profesionales que no escindan la dimensión teórica de la práctica, ni el saber del hacer. En este marco, proponemos una revisión bibliográfica actualizada sobre el histórico y conflictivo vínculo entre intervención social e investigación científica en Trabajo Social. Tomando las propuestas de un conjunto de diversxs autorxs, presentamos un Estado de la Cuestión donde toda la producción recabada sobre el tema, es presentada de manera agrupada en función de tres ejes: el primero de ellos refiere a las producciones que se centran principalmente en la elaboración diagnóstica sobre la relación histórica entre investigación e intervención disciplinar; el segundo, retoma aquellas producciones que proponen definiciones sobre las relaciones actuales entre ambas dimensiones; el tercer eje aborda producciones que ponen su acento en la investigación, poniendo de relieve la singularidad de la investigación científica desde Trabajo Social, elaborando propuestas alternativas para su consolidación. Finalmente, el presente artículo concluye recuperando los aspectos principales que emergieron durante el estudio de la literatura mencionada, y se propone una serie de reflexiones que nos permitan imaginar un quehacer-saber disciplinar otro.

The processes of increasing production of inequalities on a global scale allow us to reaffirm that Social Work can contribute to their transformation, as long as it produces professional interventions that do not separate the theoretical dimension from practice, nor knowledge from doing. Within this framework, we propose an updated bibliographical review of the historical and conflictive link between social intervention and scientific research in Social Work. Taking the proposals of a set of diverse authors, we present a State of the Question where all the production collected on the subject is presented grouped according to three axes: the first refers to the productions that focus mainly on the diagnostic elaboration on the historical relationship between research and disciplinary intervention; the second, takes up those productions that propose definitions on the current relationship between both dimensions; the third axis addresses productions that emphasize research, highlighting the uniqueness of scientific research from Social Work, elaborating alternative proposals for its consolidation. Finally, this article concludes by recovering the main aspects that emerged during the study of the aforementioned literature, and proposes a series of reflections that allow us to imagine a different disciplinary task-knowledge.
Los proyectos de intervención sociolaboral como mecanismos de inserción laboral. Análisis del caso del “Vallet”
Authors: Cano Cabrera Yolanda , Matos-Silveira Rosana
Published: November 2021

El barrio del “Vallet” es un barrio obrero fruto de la industrialización del municipio de Puçol, en los años 60, concretamente surge de las viviendas construidas para los trabajadores de la fábrica italiana de calentadores Cointra y que comenzó su declive durante la crisis económica española del año 2008 hasta cerrar sus puertas en el 2012.
En la actualidad, en el barrio existen altas tasas de desempleo que provocan un aumento del nivel de pobreza, además, durante estos años ha habido un considerable aumento de la población inmigrante. Todo ello, ha influido en la decisión de Ajuntament de Puçol de implementar un proyecto denominado “Vallet, un barri responsable i solidari”, cofinanciado por el Fondo Social Europeo y la Consellería d´Igualtat i Polítiques Inclusives de la Generalitat Valenciana.
La finalidad del proyecto es aumentar la inserción sociolaboral de la población desempleada del barrio, a través de la implementación de itinerarios sociolaborales con el objetivo de mejorar el bienestar social y la calidad de vida de la comunidad, realizar acciones de concienciación en materia de inmigración, contribuir al desarrollo personal, a través de la participación social e intentar disminuir las desigualdades sociales.
En este estudio, a través de un trabajo etnográfico, analizamos el proyecto de intervención implementado en el año 2019 y 2020 durante la pandemia provocada por la COVID-19, cuando las personas en situación de vulnerabilidad han sido las más afectadas.

The “Vallet” neighborhood is a working-class neighborhood as a result of the industrialization of the municipality of Puçol, in the 60s, specifically it arises from the houses built for the workers of the Italian heater factory Cointra and that began its decline during the Spanish economic crisis from 2008 until closing its doors in 2012.

Currently, in the neighborhood there are high unemployment rates that cause an increase in the level of poverty, in addition, during these years there has been a considerable increase in the immigrant population. All of this has influenced the decision of the Puçol Town Council to implement a project called "Vallet, a responsible and supportive neighborhood", co-financed by the European Social Fund and the Consellería d'Igualtat i Polítiques Inclusives of the Generalitat Valenciana.

The purpose of the project is to increase the socio-labor insertion of the unemployed population of the neighborhood, through the implementation of socio-labor itineraries with the aim of improving the social well-being and quality of life of the community, carry out awareness actions on immigration matters, contribute to personal development, through social participation and try to reduce social inequalities.

In this study, through an ethnographic work, we analyze the intervention project implemented in 2019 and 2020, during the pandemic caused by COVID-19, where vulnerable people have been the most affected.