bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Turing++ Questions: A Test for the Science of (Human) Intelligence
Authors: Poggio Tomaso , Meyers Ethan
Published: July 2017

There is a widespread interest among scientists in understanding a specific and well defined form of intelligence, that is human intelligence. For this reason we propose a stronger version of the original Turing test. In particular, we describe here an open‐ended set of Turing++ questions that we are developing at the Center for Brains, Minds, and Machines at MIT — that is questions about an image. For the Center for Brains, Minds, and Machines the main research goal is the science of intelligence rather than the engineering of intelligence — the hardware and software of the brain rather than just absolute performance in face identification. Our Turing++ questions reflect fully these research priorities.
Principles for Designing an AI Competition, or Why the Turing Test Fails as an Inducement Prize
Authors: Shieber Stuart M.
Published: July 2017

If the artificial intelligence research community is to have a challenge problem as an incentive for research, as many have called for, it behooves us to learn the principles of past successful inducement prize competitions. Those principles argue against the Turing test proper as an appropriate task, despite its appropriateness as a criterion (perhaps the only one) for attributing intelligence to a machine.
Measuring Machine Intelligence Through Visual Question Answering
Authors: Zitnick C. Lawrence , Agrawal Aishwarya , Antol Stanislaw , Mitchell Margaret , Batra Dhruv , Parikh Devi
Published: July 2017

As machines have become more intelligent, there has been a renewed interest in methods for measuring their intelligence. A common approach is to propose tasks for which a human excels, but one that machines find difficult. However, an ideal task should also be easy to evaluate and not be easily gameable. We begin with a case study exploring the recently popular task of image captioning and its limitations as a task for measuring machine intelligence. An alternative and more promising task is visual question answering, which tests a machine's ability to reason about language and vision. We describe a data set, unprecedented in size and created for the task, that contains more than 760,000 human‐generated questions about images. Using around 10 million human‐generated answers, researchers can easily evaluate the machines.
Graph Analysis for Detecting Fraud, Waste, and Abuse in Health‐Care Data
Authors: Liu Juan , Bier Eric , Wilson Aaron , Guerra‐Gomez John Alexis , Honda Tomonori , Sricharan Kumar , Gilpin Leilani , Davies Daniel
Published: July 2017

Detection of fraud, waste, and abuse (FWA) is an important yet challenging problem. In this article, we describe a system to detect suspicious activities in large health‐care data sets. Each healthcare data set is viewed as a heterogeneous network consisting of millions of patients, hundreds of thousands of doctors, tens of thousands of pharmacies, and other entities. Graph‐analysis techniques are developed to find suspicious individuals, suspicious relationships between individuals, unusual changes over time, unusual geospatial dispersion, and anomalous network structure. The visualization interface, known as the network explorer, provides a good overview of data and enables users to filter, select, and zoom into network details on demand. The system has been deployed on multiple sites and data sets, both government and commercial, and identified many overpayments with a potential value of several million dollars per month.
Automated Process Planning for CNC Machining
Authors: Fritz Christian
Published: July 2017

This article describes an application of AI planning to the problem of automated process planning for machining parts, given raw stock and a CAD file describing the desired part geometry. Researchers at PARC have found that existing planners from the AI community fall short on several requirements, most importantly regarding the expressivity of state and action representations and the ability to exploit domain‐specific knowledge to prune the search space. In this article I describe the requirements for this application and what kind of results from the planning community helped most. Overall, in this project as well as others, I found that even significant results from domain‐independent planning may not be relevant in practice.
Remembering Marvin Minsky
Authors: Forbus Kenneth D. , Kuipers Benjamin , Lieberman Henry
Published: July 2017

Marvin Minsky, one of the pioneers of artificial intelligence and a renowned mathematicial and computer scientist, died on Sunday, 24 January 2016, of a cerebral hemmorhage. He was 88. In this article, AI scientists Kenneth D. Forbus (Northwestern University), Benjamin Kuipers (University of Michigan), and Henry Lieberman (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) recall their interactions with Minksy and briefly recount the impact he had on their lives and their research. A remembrance of Marvin Minsky was held at the AAAI Spring Symposium at Stanford University on March 22. Video remembrances of Minsky by Danny Bobrow, Benjamin Kuipers, Ray Kurzweil, Richard Waldinger, and others can be on the sentient webpage1 or on youtube.com.

The photographs in this article were taken at the AAAI‐05 conference in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Reports of the AAAI 2016 Spring Symposium Series
Authors: Amato Christopher , Amir Ofra , Bryson Joanna , Grosz Barbara , Indurkhya Bipin , Kiciman Emre , Kido Takashi , Lawless W. F. , Liu Miao , McDorman Braden , Mead Ross , Oliehoek Frans A. , Specian Andrew , Stojanov Georgi , Takadama Keiki
Published: July 2017

The Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, in cooperation with Stanford University's Department of Computer Science, presented the 2016 Spring Symposium Series on Monday through Wednesday, March 21–23, 2016, at Stanford University. The titles of the seven symposia were (1) AI and the Mitigation of Human Error: Anomalies, Team Metrics, and Thermodynamics; (2) Challenges and Opportunities in Multiagent Learning for the Real World (3) Enabling Computing Research in Socially Intelligent Human‐Robot Interaction: A Community‐Driven Modular Research Platform; (4) Ethical and Moral Considerations in Nonhuman Agents; (5) Intelligent Systems for Supporting Distributed Human Teamwork; (6) Observational Studies through Social Media and Other Human‐Generated Content, and (7) Well‐Being Computing: AI Meets Health and Happiness Science.
Turn‐Taking and Coordination in Human‐Machine Interaction
Authors: Andrist Sean , Bohus Dan , Mutlu Bilge , Schlangen David
Published: July 2017

This issue of AI Magazine brings together a collection of articles on challenges, mechanisms, and research progress in turn‐taking and coordination between humans and machines. The contributing authors work in interrelated fields of spoken dialog systems, intelligent virtual agents, human‐computer interaction, human‐robot interaction, and semiautonomous collaborative systems and explore core concepts in coordinating speech and actions with virtual agents, robots, and other autonomous systems. Several of the contributors participated in the AAAI Spring Symposium on Turn‐Taking and Coordination in Human‐Machine Interaction, held in March 2015, and several articles in this issue are extensions of work presented at that symposium. The articles in the collection address key modeling, methodological, and computational challenges in achieving effective coordination with machines, propose solutions that overcome these challenges under sensory, cognitive, and resource restrictions, and illustrate how such solutions can facilitate coordination across diverse and challenging domains. The contributions highlight turn‐taking and coordination in human‐machine interaction as an emerging and evolving research area with important implications for future applications of AI.
Automated Volumetric Intravascular Plaque Classification Using Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Shalev Ronny , Nakamura Daisuke , Nishino Setsu , Rollins Andrew M. , Bezerra Hiram G. , Wilson David L. , Ray Soumya
Published: July 2017

An estimated 17.5 million people died from a cardiovascular disease in 2012, representing 31 percent of all global deaths. Most acute coronary events result from rupture of the protective fibrous cap overlying an atherosclerotic plaque. The task of early identification of plaque types that can potentially rupture is, therefore, of great importance. The state‐of‐the‐art approach to imaging blood vessels is intravascular optical coherence tomography (IVOCT). However, currently, this is an offline approach where the images are first collected and then manually analyzed an image at a time to identify regions at risk of thrombosis. This process is extremely laborious, time consuming, and prone to human error. We are building a system that, when complete, will provide interactive three‐dimensional visualization of a blood vessel as an IVOCT is in progress. The visualization will highlight different plaque types and enable quick identification of regions at risk. In this article, we describe our approach, focusing on machine‐learning methods that are a key enabling technology. Our empirical results using real OCT data show that our approach can identify different plaque types efficiently with high accuracy across multiple patients.
Reflections on the First Man Versus Machine No‐Limit Texas Hold 'em Competition
Authors: Ganzfried Sam
Published: July 2017

The first human versus computer no‐limit Texas hold 'em competition took place from April 24–May 8, 2015, at Rivers Casino in Pittsburgh, PA. In this article I present my thoughts on the competition design, agent architecture, and lessons learned. Several problematic hands from the competition are highlighted that reveal the most glaring weaknesses of the agent. The research underlying the agent is placed within a broader context in the AI research community, and several avenues for future study are mapped out.
Teaching Integrated AI Through Interdisciplinary Project‐Driven Courses
Authors: Eaton Eric
Published: July 2017

Different subfields of AI (such as vision, learning, reasoning, and planning) are often studied in isolation, both in individual courses and in the research literature. This promulgates the idea that these different AI capabilities can easily be integrated later, whereas, in practice, developing integrated AI systems remains an open challenge for both research and industry. Interdisciplinary project‐driven courses can fill this gap in AI education, providing challenging problems that require the integration of multiple AI methods. This article explores teaching integrated AI through two project‐driven courses: a capstone‐style graduate course in advanced robotics, and an undergraduate course on computational sustainability and assistive computing. In addition to studying the integration of AI techniques, these courses provide students with practical applications experience and exposure to social issues of AI and computing. My hope is that other instructors find these courses as useful examples for constructing their own project‐driven courses to teach integrated AI.
Ethical Considerations in Artificial Intelligence Courses
Authors: Burton Emanuelle , Goldsmith Judy , Koenig Sven , Kuipers Benjamin , Mattei Nicholas , Walsh Toby
Published: July 2017

The recent surge in interest in ethics in artificial intelligence (AI) may leave many educators wondering how to address moral, ethical, and philosophical issues in their AI courses. As instructors we want to develop curriculum that not only prepares students to be AI practitioners, but also to understand the moral, ethical, and philosophical impacts that AI will have on society. In this article we provide practical case studies and links to resources for use by AI educators. We also provide concrete suggestions on how to integrate AI ethics into a general AI course and how to teach a stand‐alone AI ethics course.
Heavy metal accumulation in Celery from Sarchnar and Kalar in Kurdistan of Iraq Region
Authors: Rashid Khsraw , Mohammed Zhino
Published: July 2017

Heavy metals pose risk to human health. The present study was carried out toassess levels of different heavy metals like lead, Copper, Chromium, Nickel andIron, in celery irrigated with water from different sources. The results indicated asubstantial build-up of heavy metals in vegetable irrigated with wastewater. Therange of various metals in surface water mixed with wastewater-irrigated plantswas 0.0005, 0.0003, 0.0086, 0.0006, 0.2106 mg/L for Pb, Cu, Cr, Ni and Ferespectively, in sarchnar location, and lowest value of these metals was determinedin well water used for irrigation in kalar location and values are (0.0002, 0.0014,0.0171, 0.0004 and 0.0020 mg/L) for Pb, Cu, Cr , Ni and Fe respectively. Thehighest levels of Fe detected in celery value 5.181and 3.983 mg/kg in Sarchnar andKalar location, respectively. The present study highlights that both adults andchildren consuming vegetables grown in wastewater-irrigated soils ingestsigniﬁcant amount of these metals. However, the values of these metals were belowthe recommended maximum tolerable levels. The regular monitoring of levels ofthese metals from efﬂuents and sewage, in vegetables and in other food materials isessential to prevent excessive build-up of these metals in the food chain.
The diffusion coefficient and calibration factors for indoor radon measurement in bare and twin cup modes
Authors: Nadir Ali , Juber Jabbar , Subber Abdul , Al-Hashimi Noori
Published: July 2017

The calibration factor and diffusion are essential parameters in the solid state nucleartrack detectors dosimeters. In the present work, experiments were carried out to measurethe calibration factors for different modes of measurement in indoor radon dosimetry anddiffusion coefficient of gas filter used in the experiments. The calibration chamberprovides with standard radium source and radon vision instrument, was used as hybridcombination between active and passive methods. The calibration factor was determinedthrough the relation between standard radon concentration, track density and exposuretime. The values of calibration factors was 0.020±0.005 Tr.cm -2 /Bq.m -3 .d for sponge cupmode, 0.021±0.006 Tr.cm -2 / Bq.m -3 .d for filter cup mode and 0.029±0.008 Tr.cm -2 / Bq.m -3 .d for bare mode respectively. The calibration factor for bare CR-39 was found to be0.384±0.102 Tr.cm -2 / Bq.m -3 .d. The diffusion coefficients are 7.1x10 -13 m 2 /sec for filterpaper and 4.6x10 -9 m 2 /sec for sponge. The calibration of SSNTDs using hybrid methodbetween active and passive can be used to minimize the uncertainty in the calibrationfactors.
Homeostasis and Genotypic Resultant for the Main Spike Characters of Two-rowed Barely
Authors: Abdulkhaleq Dana
Published: July 2017

Five genotypes of two-rowed barley (Hordeum distichum L.) named MORA, ABN-B, Arabi Aswad, Clipper and Bohoth H1 with their twenty F 1 progeny were evaluated inKurdistan Region-Iraq at three different locations, Erbil-Grdarasha, Garmian-Kalar andSulaimani-Qilyasan during the winter season 2011-2012 using Randomized CompletelyBlock Design (RCBD) with three replications in order to study the homeostasis andgenotypic resultant growth and spike characters. The results revealed highly significanteffects due to genotypes × locations in most of the studied characters with exception offlag leaf length, spike length, and grin weight / spike. Parent 1 was the best genotypewhich had the highest homeostasis values for five characters no. of grain / spike (0.936),flag leaf length (0.915), peduncle diameter (0.962), spike length (0.933) and no. ofspiklets / spike (0.975), while the hybrid (1×2) had the highest homeostasis values forthree characters flag leaf length (0.985), spike length (0.988), and no. of spiklets / spike(0.990). So the homeostasis of these genotypes needs to be better evaluated in a set ofenvironments tested across different years. Very high genotypic resultant values wereobtained for no. of grain / spike (1.135 by the hybrid 2×5), flag leaf length (1.074 by thehybrid 5×4), spike length and no. of spikelets / spike (1.061 and 1.059, respectively bythe hybrid 2×5) indicating these genotypes having high performances at differentenvironments and should be not ignored in future studies.
"Effect of Soil moisture content and tillage depth on tractor performance with using moldboard plow in silty-clay soil"
Authors: Khorshid Fawzy
Published: July 2017

The experiment was conducted in the field of Faculty of agriculture science /sulaimani University in 2012 – 2013 to study the Effect of Soil moisture content andtillage depth on tractor performance with using moldboard plow in silty-clay soil.Split plot design and randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used in thisstudy. Two factors including two tillage depth levels 15 and 25 cm represent themain plot and three soil water content including 10, 15 and 20 % represent sub plotwere used in this study . Fuel consumption, Practical speed, Tire slippage, Tillagesoil volume, Soil penetration resistance, Porosity and No. Of soil clods that largerthan 10 cm where studded. The study shows that: - Significant differences wereobserved between the two tillage depth treatment means, water content treatmentmeans, and them interaction means for all studied characters in the experiment. alsothe study shows the best results for all the characters was for the treatment of depth15 cm compared to the depth of 25 cm, while the opposite happened for the tillagesoil volume where the depth 25 cm Superiority on 15 cm depth by giving him thehighest value. as for water content factor, the value for fuel consumption, practicalspeed, tire slippage, and tillage soil volume increased Significantly with increasingsoil water content from 10 to 15 then to 20%, while the values for other charactersdecreased. Also There were differences among the interaction treatment means forall characters value in the experiment that most of them where significant.
Evaluation of Some Heavy Metals around the Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Area in Halabja City –Kurdistan Region of Iraq
Authors: Muhammad Sherko , Karim Salar
Published: July 2017

Handling and disposal of solid waste can be a major environmental problem in

developing countries. In Kurdistan region of Iraq solid waste is not treated and managed

properly. It is only collected from the households and disposed on the outskirts of the

cities as a pile of garbage nearby the agricultural areas, sometime it is burnt or partially

dumped. The samples were collected monthly starting from May to December 2012

including ground and surface water, soil and wheat around the solid waste disposal area.

Heavy metal and metalloid concentrations measured for Zn, As, Cd, Fe, Pb and Ni were

( 0.002 – 0.012 ) mg.l-1, ( 0.01 – 0.097 ) mg.l-1, ( 0.002 – 0.003 ) mg.l-1, ( 0.011- 0.079 )

mg.l-1, ( 0.035 – 0.051 ) mg.l-1and ( 0.004 -0.015 ) mg.l-1 for ground water respectively,

while (0.003 - 0.009 ) mg.l-1, ( 0.05 – 0.16 ) mg.l-1, ( 0.002 – 0.004 ) mg.l-1, ( 0.051 –

0.171 ) mg.l-1, ( 0.04 – 0.044 ) mg.l-1, ( 0.021 – 0.022 ) mg.l-1 for surface water

respectively. However, As and Pb concentration were found to be higher than the

permissible values recommended by WHO for drinking water quality while the rest were

below the safe limits. The concentrations of heavy metals and metalloids were found in

order of Mn> Zn>Cu >Ni> Pb>Cr>As> Cd ( 987 - 1187 mg.kg-1, 225.03 – 915.3mg.kg-1

, 232.8- 301.1 mg.kg-1, 150.4 – 192.2 mg.kg-1, 76.71 - 193.1 mg.kg-1, 142.2

– 173.1 mg.kg-1, 14.23 – 20.15 mg.kg-1and 2.317 – 5.712 mg.kg-1 ) which exceed the

European union standard for Ni, Zn, Cr, Cd, Mn, Cu, while Pb and As were found to be

within the range of all trace elements for agricultural soils. The range for trace elements

for wheat samples were 115 mg.kg-1 for Zn, 0.0313 mg.kg-1 for As, 1.2 mg.kg-1 for Cd,

2.1 mg.kg-1 for Pb, 1.19 mg.kg-1 for Ni and 0.058 mg.kg-1 for Cr.
Evaluation of tension stiffening and momentcurvature of high performance reinforced concrete beams under sustained load.
Authors: Ahmed Kawa
Published: July 2017

In this paper, the effects of creep and shrinkage on the deflection and cracking of

reinforced high performance concrete beams subjected to sustained load type in bending

are investigated. Mid-span deflections, cracking and surface strain profiles were

monitored over a 90 day period so that to verify the structural response of HPRC (high

performance reinforced concrete) beams. Using the results obtained from the

experiments, the effect on tension stiffening was examined. Four concrete strengths 52,

95, 96 and 100 MPa were included as a major experimental parameter. The results

showed that as higher strength concrete was employed, not only cracks along the

reinforcement more extensive, but also the transverse crack spacing became smaller.

Thereby, the effective tensile stiffness of the high-performance concrete specimens at

the stabilized cracking stage was much smaller than those of normal-strength concrete

specimens. This observation is contrary to the current design provisions, and the

reduction in the tension stiffening effect by employment of high-performance concrete

is much greater than that would be expected. Measured surface strains in both the

tension and compression zones of beams of HPC subjected to sustained load were

considerably higher than the normal strength concrete beam. This was thought to be

primarily due to the effects of creep in the compression zone and a higher degree of

cracking within the tension zone. The progressive long-term increase in deflection is

shown to be a result of strain development primarily in the compression zone. The

sustained load is shown to affect the section stiffness most significantly within the early

stages of loading. Using experimental results, the validity of Eurocode 2 (EC2) is

examined.
Previously licensed anti-mycobacterial drugs: a re-appraisal.
Authors: Ameen Sirwan
Published: July 2017

The discovery of antimycobacterial agent was the outcome of intensive efforts made between 1930

and 1970 to identify antimicrobial drugs. Sulfonamides (1930s), Streptomycin (1944) and Rifampicin

(1965) are first and the last of the anti-mycobacterial drugs currently in use. Despite the availability

of effective anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy, significant morbidity and mortality due to this disease

continue to occur. The emergence and spread of multi-drug resistant (MDR) and extensively-drug

resistant (XDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has more complicated the problem of

tuberculosis (TB) control and reduced the effectiveness of the current anti-TB drug. The present

situation clearly demonstrates the need for a re-evaluation of our knowledge to treating TB and the

current TB drugs. One of the highest achievements of modern medicine has been the development of

antibiotics for the treatment of lethal infections. Unfortunately, the progress for new drugs against

tuberculosis has been very inadequate over the past four decades. In the fight against emerging MDR

and XDR resistance we can no longer rely completely on the finding of new antibiotics; we must also

follow rational approaches to the use of older antibiotics such as sulfonamide. This review provides

a concise historical of previously licensed drugs for treatment of tuberculosis and the targets and their

mode of action of these drugs are briefly discussed.
Zones of maximum discontinuity in the western house mouse (M. m. domesticus) genetic landscape: a computational geometry method.
Authors: Zarei Fatah , Hussein Ridha
Published: July 2017

To represent the zones of maximum genetic discontinuity in a network of geographically

located populations of western house mouse from the previously published mitochondrial

DNA D-loop sequence datasets which we acquired from the NCBI GenBank database,

we applied a computational geometry approach using the Monmonier’s maximum

difference algorithm implemented in the BARRIER 2.2 software. We defined ten zones

where genetic change among populations is locally increased, three of them occur within

the Middle East, while seven occur in Europe. Analysis of molecular variance among

post-hoc defined regions using the pattern generated by the BARRIER analysis showed

that a significant portion of the genetic diversity was because of among groups

component.
Growth and root yield of carrot as affected by magnetic water and sowing times
Authors: Kanimarani Sawsan , Abdulrahman Maqsood , Danha Hawraz
Published: July 2017

This study examines effects of two sowing times (28/10 and 14/11 of 2014) and differentlevels of magnetic treatment of irrigation (0, 2500, 5000gauss) on productivity and yieldof carrot plants. A pot experiment was conducted at the Agriculture Research Center,Ministry of Agriculture in Kurdistan region-Iraq. This study was carried out during 28-10-2014 and 14-5-2015 the two factor experiment was laid out in complete randomizeddesign with four replicates, each replicate contain three plants. Data were collected fromall plants at harvest time and statistically analyzed. Comparisons between means weremade by using least significant differences test (LSD) at 5% probability. Magnetizedwater at the level of 2500gause caused the most significant effects on plant length(55.58cm), root length (30.19cm), (root diameter (35.14mm) and root dry weight(128.19gm). However, the sowing time 14/11 was more effective on plant length(54.64cm) and vegetative growth fresh weight (17.64gm). While the longest root obtainedwhen the seeds sown in 28/10. On the other hand the interaction of 2500gauss and4/11/2014 sowing time gave the maximum plant length, shoot fresh weight and rootdiameter (59.67cm, 20.63 gm and 43.75mm respectively), but the longest root and highestroot fresh weight were found in the interaction of the same level of magnetic water with28/10/2014 sowing time. The highest amount of the chlorophyll in the leaves (52.815%)was measured from the interaction of 2500gauss magnetic water and 14/11/2014 sowingtime, and the best carotene content in the roots (3.427mg/ml) was obtained from5000gauss magnetic water in the same sowing time.
Synthesis and Characterization of Some New Azo-imine Dyes and their Applications
Authors: Hawaiz Farouq , Raheem Darya , Samad Mohammed
Published: July 2017

Some new azo-imine dyes have been synthesized via the diazotization of sulphanilic acid and its coupling reaction with salicylaldehyde giving a starting material 4-((3-formyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)diazenyl)benzenesulfonic acid. The later reacted with different substituted anilines to give the target azo-imine dyes [4-((3-((4-substitutedphenylimino)methyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl)diazenyl)benzenesulfonic acid] which were confirmed by using FT-IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra. The synthesized dyes are used for dyeing performance on acetate, cotton, nylon, wool, acrylic and polyester fibers, along with the effect of mordant on dyeing process. All the synthesized dyes gave moderate to excellent fastness properties on each fiber. The effect of cationic and anionic surfactants on the wash fastness has been studied.
Environmental Friendly conversion of locally available low-cost materials to zeolite
Authors: Smail Heman , Shareef Kafia , Ramli Zainab
Published: July 2017

Mordenite, NaY and NaX zeolites were hydrothermally synthesized from locally available low-cost materials such as, chert rock, barley husk, and shale clay without using organic templates, structure-directing agent, and additives. The as-synthesized zeolites were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Field Emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The results verified that mordenite, NaY and NaX zeolites obtained from hydrothermal condition, present a good zeolitic properties and then can be suitable for using in adsorption, ion exchange and catalysis experiments. The properties of zeolite materials formed are strongly depended upon the composition and the type of raw materials used.
Assessment on Elevated Serum Vitamin B 12 Level in Cancer Patients at Hiwa Hospital
Authors: Noori Niann , Ramzi Zhian , Saeed Aveen , Omer Kosar , Othman Dosti , Nore Beston
Published: July 2017

Free circulating serum Vitamin B12 (Vit-B12) levels is mainly used for diagnosis the deficiency of cobalamin (Cbl). However, approximately 15% of patients have hypercobalaminemia (high Vit-B12 levels) without any existing consensus for its clinical implications.But elevated levels of serum Vit-B12 could be a sign of severe, even life-endangering diseases such hematologic complications and numerous tumour types. In this work, we shall evaluate the diagnostic values of elevated Vit-B12 levels in 50 cancer patients (solid cancer patients, non-solid cancer) with 36 healthy people as control. The data shows that the elevated Vit-B12 concentration in the cancer patients was attributed, at least partly, to the cancer type or stage. Interestingly,%50 of patients had Vit-B12levels much greater than the upper limit (>489pg/ml), while the 36 control samples (apparent healthy) had normal levels 100%, within the reference intervals (141pg/ml to 489 pg/ml). We have concluded that the elevated serum Vit-B12is not related to diet intake, but most likely result of malignant processes. This work emphasizes that the possible clinical course of hypercobalaminemia should be under attention in the diagnostic process of malignancies.
Comparative Study in Evaluating the Antioxidation Efficiency for Native Types Antioxidants Extracted from Crude Oil with Synthesized Types
Authors: Abd-Al-Ghani Mohammad
Published: July 2017

The natural native antioxidants N,N-P-methyl phenyl acetone and N,N- phenyl acetone were isolated from Iraqi crude oil region of Kirkuk by ion exchange and their structure was characterized by spectral and chemical analysis methods. Tetraline was used as a liquid hydrocarbon to detect the efficiency of isolated molecules at elevated temperature (393˚ K) that it has physicochemical specifications and structure closed to hydrocarbons fractionated from crude oil. The synthesized universal antioxidant 2,6-ditertiaryisobutyl-p-methyl phenol (Unol) with known stochiometric coefficient of inhibition equal to (2) was used as a model for comparative evaluation at the same conditions.Modified Chemiluminescence method was used to find the amount of absorbed oxygen and the induction periods in and without the existence of isolated antioxidants molecules.The results of induction periods and the quantity of absorbed oxygen during the time of oxidation process measured by manometric installation showed that at specific equal concentrations of N,N- phenyl acetone and N, N-P-methyl phenyl acetone in comparison with Unol at 393˚ K are with (2) and (2.5) times efficient than do Unol to inhibit the formation of new free radicals and prevent the chain reaction to pass from the propagation to the termination step rather than decomposition of formed hydroperoxides.
Sparking Metallic Plating Using Photovoltaic As An Energy Source
Authors: Husain Shad
Published: July 2017

The paper deals with utilization possibilities of solar energy (photovoltaic systems) and with transformation of this energy to chemical energy as well as its utilization in the surface treatment of metals by electrochemical processes. Surface treatments significantly contribute to the resulting quality of technical equipment. Surface treatments affect lifetime, serviceability, usability, availability and maintenance of equipment. This technology can be widely applied in machine industry in the future due to cheap electrical energy generation. Next advantage of this electrical energy generation is the decrease of negative environmental impact. The whole system is now usable for bright copper plating, but owing to the low capacity, we can use it only for the objects of small areas, around 1.10 dm2, 4.39 dm2 in ideal conditions.
Image Acquisition and Techniques to Perform Image Acquisition
Authors: Mishra Vikas Kumar , Kumar Shobhit , Shukla Neeraj
Published: July 2017

In the present scenario images have become the most suitable way to keep our past alive. Nowadays people are very busy in earning their livelihood and day to day life, even though they want to keep their golden moment alive for the rest of life. Images have touched almost all the fields like medical, sports, social networking and many more. It is the need of time to know how the images are being captured and stored into memory. To deal with images and before analyzing them the most important thing is to capture the image. This is called as Image Acquisition. Image Acquisition is achieved by suitable camera. We use different cameras for different application. If we need an X-Ray image, we use a camera (film) which is sensitive to XRays. If we want Infra Red image, we use cameras which are sensitive to Infra Red radiations. For normal images (family pictures etc.) we use cameras which are sensitive to visual spectrum.
Heavy Metal Removal from Domestic Wastewater Employing Live Eichhornia Crassipes
Authors: Verma Lal Ji , Singh Pramod Kumar , Ambastha Saurav
Published: July 2017

This study uses naturally growing water hyacinth for wastewater purification system, this is an alternative technique of heavy metal remediation. These plants enhance the removal of pollutants by consuming part of them in the form of the plant nutrients. The vascular plants cultured in such treatment system perform several functions, including assimilation and storing contaminates, transporting O2 to root zone, and providing a substrate for microbial activity, canal containing floating macrophytes. This applies to municipal wastewater, in particular, where treatment units of different size can be applied at the pollution source and consumes less energy for the running. The effectiveness of wastewater purification by different plants was tested on laboratory and pilot scales. The aquatic plants system offers an environmentally friendly and cost effective technology, which have been used for removing Cadmium, Iron and Copper from wastewater. Batch experiments verified that the plants are capable of decreasing all tested indicators for water quality to levels that permit the use of purified water for irrigation, which poses serious problems in various locations throughout the country. It is shown that mixture of wastewater from in front of Gautam Budha University canal/ Greater Noida’s canal wastewater and Galgotias University sewage treatment plants. The removal efficiency of the Cadmium, Iron and Copper is 74.52%, 75.31% and 67.75% in greater Noida’s canal and 73.72%, 74.99 % and 68.37% in Galgotias University’s wastewater respectively.
Association Between Vancomycin Blood Brain Barrier Penetration and Clinical Response in Postsurgical Meningitis
Authors: Wang Qing , Chen Si , Zhou Yan-Gang , Xu Ping , Liu Yi-Ping , Cai Hua-Lin , Chen Hong , Luo Zheng , Banh Hoan Linh
Published: July 2017

PURPOSE: This study investigated the association between vancomycin blood brain barrier penetration and clinical response in patients with postsurgical meningitis. METHODS: Adult patients with postsurgical meningitis were recruited. Eligible patients received vancomycin 500 mg every 6 h for at least 5 days. On day 3 or 4, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and simultaneous serum samples were obtained to determine CSF minimum concentrations (Cmin), serum Cmin and CSF to serum Cmin ratio. RESULTS: Twenty-two patients (14 men and 8 women; mean age of 52.6± 12.1 years) were recruited. The vancomycin Cmin was 3.63 ± 1.64 mg/L in CSF and 13.38 ± 5.36 mg/L in serum, with the CSF to serum Cmin ratio of 0.291 ± 0.118. The Cmin in serum and in CSF showed a significant correlation (p=0.005, r =0.575). The vancomycin CSF Cmin had a significant correlation with the decline of white blood cell counts (WBCs) in CSF (p=0.003, r =0.609). CSF Cmin, serum Cmin and CSF to serum Cmin ratio all showed no significant correlation with clinical response (p=0.335, 0.100, 0.679, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: There was a positive correlation between serum Cmin and CSF Cmin. However, only CSF Cmin is positively correlated with WBCs improvement in CSF. All other parameters such as serum Cmin, CSF Cmin and CSF to serum Cmin ratio had no correlation with clinical response. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
Ambulatório especial – CAISM: atuação da psicologia a vítimas de violência sexual
Authors: Teixeira Ana Luiza , Urbano Ágata Zanatta , Zanata Barbara Freschi , Santos Laise Potério
Published: July 2017

A Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) define violência contra a mulher qualquer ameaça ou ato que cause ou tenha probabilidade de causar danos de ordem física, sexual, mental que inclua coerção ou privação da liberdade, ocorrida na vida pública ou privada. A violência sexual é caracterizada por qualquer ato sexual não consentido, consumado ou tentado, tendo consequências como: gravidez, doenças sexualmente transmissíveis, distúrbios ginecológicos, transtorno de estresse pós-traumático, depressão, transtornos alimentares e do sono, ansiedade, tentativas de suicídio, distúrbios sexuais e do humor. O Ambulatório de Atendimento Especial foi criado em 2003 no Hospital da Mulher Prof. Dr. José Aristodemo Pinotti – CAISM, que atende por um período de 6 meses mulheres adultas e adolescentes maiores de 12 anos que sofreram violência sexual. O atendimento é realizado por equipe multidisciplinar, composta por médico, enfermagem, assistente social, psicólogo e psiquiatra. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar a atuação da Psicologia no atendimento à mulher vítima de violência sexual. A Psicologia realiza atendimento psicológico individual à mulher e seus familiares durante o acompanhamento ambulatorial. Percebe-se que as vítimas de violência sexual apresentam sofrimento psíquico importante, necessitando de um espaço de escuta e acolhimento, que possibilite o desenvolvimento de recursos de enfrentamento e ressignificação do evento traumático. Mediante as demandas emocionais ocasionadas pela violência, o acompanhamento psicológico se faz necessário, pois através deste é possível avaliar questões que são mobilizadas após a violência sexual e, assim oferecer suporte emocional às vítimas.
Violência e serviço social: relação e desafios à prática profissional
Authors: Farias Melaine Bicalho , Morais Wanilde Barbosa
Published: July 2017

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo refletir sobre a relação existente entre o Serviço Social e a Violência, a partir de suas múltiplas expressões, presentes no diversos espaços sociocupacionais, em especial a Saúde. A violência se apresenta nos dias atuais como um dos maiores desafios postos a sociedade, perpassando por todas as classes, idades e etnia. O Mapa da Violência publicado em 2015, buscou analisar as mortes por armas de fogo no ano de 2012, concluindo que 42.416 pessoas foram mortas naquele ano por esse tipo de violência, sendo que destes, 59% eram jovens. Esses e demais dados publicados, demonstram uma realidade que exige dos profissionais que atuam direta ou indiretamente com a violência, a constante reflexão, atualização e aprofundamento com relação ao tema, para que se possa construir uma visão não restrita do fato, mas o entendimento da trama de relações existente no âmbito social e individual. A metodologia escolhida, é de caráter quanti-qualitativo, a partir da utilização de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. A partir da pesquisa realizada, concluímos que pesquisas relacionadas a esse tema são de grande importância, pois o Assistente Social se constitui hoje como profissional de destaque no que refere à atuação frente às múltiplas expressões da violência e que a reflexão, discussão e compreensão do tema contribuem na busca por novas propostas de prevenção.
Você é especial, diversidade em foco
Authors: Santos Meigue Alves , Avelar Giselle Cristina , Souza Izamelia Stripoli
Published: July 2017

Foram feitas vivências no Centro de Convivência Infanti – CeCI/ Unicamp que nasceram da necessidade de proporcionar o conhecimento mais amplo das crianças de si mesmas, das várias nuances do ser humano, tendo como plano de fundo a interação maior, conhecer o outro. Mesmo sendo único, identificam semelhanças e diferenças ao reconhecer e valorizar a diversidade humana, partindo de um processo de conhecimento e respeito de nossas identidades culturais, com o intuito de resgatar e fomentar atitudes individuais e coletivas contra o preconceito e a favor do respeito às diferenças, conceitos e características específicas, valores seus e de seus amigos. As atividades foram desenvolvidas a partir da história “Você é especial”. Outras histórias fizeram parte, as músicas, as brincadeiras e as conversas. Outras formas de ser e pensar foram experimentadas, de modo a ampliar suas concepções sobre as coisas e pessoas ao desempenhar papéis sociais ou personagens que o universo imaginário lhes concede. Vimos que essa encantadora viagem possibilitou tratar a questão da diversidade, e as crianças passaram a valorizar suas características étnicas e culturais, seguidas por todas as características físicas, os modos de agir e pensar e a maneira que cada um vê a si próprio e também do modo como é visto pelos outros, já que sua identidade está em construção, dentro das vivências de valorização a vida.
Quintas criativas - qualidade de vida (variedades artesanais e artísticas)
Authors: Bueno Maria Aparecida
Published: July 2017

As QUINTAS CRIATIVAS denomina a atividade de conexão entre a arte, a extensão e o artesanato, é um subprojeto de Extensão Universitária em Cultura e Arte e são realizadas no espaço do CIS-Guanabara (Centro Cultural de Inclusão e Integração Social da Unicamp). Visa reunir pessoas da comunidade com objetivo de socializar e construir saberes, desenvolver práticas artesanais e criatividade, proporcionando condições de trocas. Pretende-se despertar nos participantes senso artístico e cultural, expansão de conhecimentos e de valores estéticos e, consequentemente, a melhoria da qualidade de vida. As oficinas proporcionam noções de textura e combinações de cores, além de aprimorar técnicas básicas do uso de agulha e linha. Os participantes desenvolvem a sensibilidade, concentração e atenção, através de atividades variadas como: fuxico, bordado, pintura, crochê, tricô, entre outros. São utilizadas como ferramentas: revistas, modelos de projetos, agulhas, linhas, rendas, colas, entre outros. Cada participante tem a liberdade de propor idéias e criar trabalhos de acordo com sua experiência, vivência e criatividade. O projeto iniciou-se em 2009, e ofereceu 158 oficinas até junho/2016, com um público semanal de 20 pessoas. O artesanato é também uma fonte de renda. A prática das artes manuais influencia na liberação de emoções, melhora a comunicação, fortalece a autoimagem e desenvolve os potenciais criativos. Os participantes produzem brinquedos, sapatinhos de tricô e bolsas para doações no hospital da Unicamp. As oficinas são relevantes , pois fortalecem o desenvolvimento social e pessoal e observa-se a melhora da qualidade de vida com a descoberta e prática da arte.
Confronto entre desejos: amamentar x proteger o filho. Sentimentos de mulheres soropositivas sobre a impossibilidade de amamentar - uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Zapparoli Liliane , Rubio Andreza Viviane , Santos Laise Potério , Santos Raíssa Kelen
Published: July 2017

O HIV é o vírus da imunodeficiência humana, causador da AIDS que se disseminou em grandes metrópoles e posteriormente se expandiu a municípios de pequeno porte, atingindo a população heterossexual, principalmente as mulheres, aumentando também o número de crianças infectadas, por meio da transmissão vertical, que pode ocorrer durante a gestação, o parto e a amamentação. A descoberta da patologia e a conseqüente impossibilidade de amamentar seu filho fazem com que as mulheres vivenciem diversos sentimentos e emoções. Sendo assim o objetivo deste trabalho é o de apresentar uma revisão integrativa da literatura brasileira, que visa analisar os sentimentos vivenciados por mulheres portadoras do vírus HIV sobre a impossibilidade de amamentar. O levantamento bibliográfico foi realizado em novembro de 2015 e resultou em um total de sete artigos potenciais sobre o tema. Após a análise de todos os resultados encontrados, conclui-se que as mulheres portadoras do vírus HIV vivenciam diversos sentimentos, sendo o sentimento de tristeza o mais predominante, advindo do sentimento de impotência e de incapacidade em satisfazer as necessidades dos filhos. Logo a experiência da impossibilidade de amamentar é considerada emocionalmente desgastante, interferindo na maneira como as mesmas vivenciam sua maternidade, pois na sociedade brasileira o aleitamento é fortemente incentivado e a amamentação é vista como símbolo da maternidade.
Para além do cuidar: adaptação e acolhimento na creche
Authors: Porcino Ana Paula da Costa , Bernardes Rosemeire de Souza
Published: July 2017

O período de adaptação é muito importante, tanto para a criança como para os pais. Constitui uma oportunidade de estabelecermos vínculos afetivos dentro de uma convivência, que é diferente da familiar. Mesmo para as crianças que já frequentam a creche, uma nova rotina com outros colegas e educadores, provoca insegurança. O professor deve acolher, cuidar, dar segurança e conforto às crianças com pequenos gestos como sorrir, olhar no olho, estar com elas, observar, saber ouvi-las, acompanhar os movimentos que seus corpos transmitem, refletir, pegar no colo quando necessário, estes são, entre tantos outros, gestos necessários que levam o professor a investir na afetividade, que é tão necessária para a adaptação, a segurança e o desenvolvimento da criança quanto à construção de um ambiente acolhedor, aconchegante, seguro e desafiador para receber as crianças, proporcionando assim uma adaptação tranquila e saudável e para isso podemos começar decorando a sala com fotos das próprias crianças e sua família. Ao interagir com o espaço físico a criança pode, por exemplo, através da exploração, encontrar e perceber diferentes texturas como areia, cimento, grama, madeira, liso, áspero, mole, duro. Tal espaço é organizado para que as crianças interajam com outras crianças, brinquem com os objetos e brinquedos podendo vivenciar diferentes experiências, possibilitando a construção da autonomia e oportunidade de crescimento. Devemos acolher a criança e suprir suas necessidades sem deixar de percebê-la como única e singular, como um sujeito ativo que tem possibilidade de ir casa vez mais além.
Espaço cidadão
Authors: Bueno Érika Aparecida , Cesario Selma Aparecida
Published: July 2017

O Programa ESPAÇO CIDADÃO é um Programa desenvolvido pelo GGBS (GRUPO GESTOR DE BENEFÍCIOS SOCIAIS) e tem como objetivo oportunizar, aos funcionários da Universidade, espaço de ampliação do conhecimento, permitindo assim o acesso às informações sobre Direitos Sociais e utilidade pública. Dessa forma permite que se apropriem e se empoderem com esses direitos. O Programa iniciou suas atividades em 2014, para atender uma demanda levantada pela Área do Serviço Social, onde se observou, através dos atendimentos sociais, que muitos servidores tem suas situações sociais agravadas por desconhecerem seus direitos, e também onde busca-los. Portanto o público alvo são funcionários da Universidade e seus dependentes legais. O Programa desenvolve suas ações através de rodas de conversa, com a exposição dos equipamentos sociais da rede pública, que apresentam os serviços oferecidos à Comunidade e como acessá-los. As ações são realizadas em parcerias com o Procon, Defensoria Pública da União, Cravi, CIC, CRI, OAB e Prefeitura Municipal de Campinas. Desde seu lançamento o Programa realizou 7 encontros, totalizando 141 participantes.