bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Constraints Faced by the Farmers in the Production and Marketing of Onions in the Western Undulating Zone of Odisha, India
Authors: Rout Sattaswarup , Rout R. K. , Sahoo S.K , Mandal B. K. , Das L.K. , Gantayat B.P. , Das Simly , Moharana R. L. , Behera C. , Jena L. , Badjena T. , Pattnaik T. , Ranasingh N.
Published: November 2024

This paper aimed to investigate the limitations associated with onion farming in the western undulating agroclimatic zone of Odisha, specifically regarding production, marketing, and storage. The study employed a multi-stage purposive sampling technique. The state was divided into 10 zones based on agro-climatic characteristics, and the district from the western undulating zone, Kalahandi districts, was purposively chosen since many farmers in these regions, like others in Odisha, cultivate onions throughout the winter season. A total of 90 farmers (45 from Bhawanipatna block and 45 from Golamunda block) were selected at random and interviewed directly for the purpose of study. Furthermore, the location, climatic conditions, and soil are ideal for onion cultivation. Kalahandi was chosen in 2021–2022. According to the survey, labour shortages for weeding, ignorance of improved varieties, high labour costs, ineffective and expensive weedicides, high seed costs, etc. were the top five problems faced by onion growers. The main difficulties faced by onion growers during marketing included low prices during harvest, which were followed by sharp price fluctuations, high transportation costs, payment delays, a lack of market news and information, a lack of storage facilities, etc. in the research area. To ensure an effective produce marketing system, the government, developmental agencies, marketing boards, and NAFED should intervene by enhancing the market infrastructure at the taluk and district levels and supplying timely market information. Farmers may be able to overcome the issue of price fluctuations if government authorities intervene promptly and announce an extension or announcement of the government support price for onion crops.
The Current Situation, Issues, and Improvement Measures of Foreign Direct Investment in China's Agricultural Economy
Authors: Wen Yaxin
Published: November 2024

With the rapid development of economic globalization, the connections between countries have become increasingly close, and foreign direct investment has gradually become an important factor influencing the agricultural economic development of various countries. In order to achieve their own economic development, countries have actively sought to attract foreign investment. With China’s accession to the World Trade Organization and its active participation in global governance, attracting and utilizing foreign investment for domestic agriculture has become a strategic consensus for economic development amid intense global economic competition. This paper analyzes the history and current situation of foreign direct investment in Chinese agriculture, identifies the main issues faced by Chinese agriculture in utilizing foreign direct investment, and proposes corresponding solutions, including improving the foreign direct investment environment in Chinese agriculture and optimizing the structure of foreign direct investment sources.
Financial Challenges Faced by IELTS Test-Takers in Sylhet, Bangladesh: An Exploration of Family Support and Assistance
Authors: Deb Prosenjit , Das Piya , Sultana Mahmuda
Published: November 2024

This study explores the sources of financial assistance available to IELTS test-takers, the motivating factors for taking the test, and the influence of family background on these decisions. The research has adopted a tabular analysis study design to collect the required data and information about IELTS test-takers. Quantitative techniques were applied to gather the necessary primary data and information. This study also adopted In-depth Interview (IDI), Case Studies, and Document Review techniques. Data were collected in Sylhet through coaching centers and an online Google form between June and October 2024, specifically from six centers in Modina Market, Amborkhana, Zindabazar, and Uposhohor. The questionnaire was distributed to 190 individuals, comprising 132 participants currently preparing for a retake. After excluding data of 14 participants due to missing information, 176 responses were analyzed. MS Excel and STATA were employed for data classification and interpretation. Authors used MS Excel for data entry, data cleaning, and tabular analysis and STATA-16 for summary statistics. Female participation in IELTS test preparation is impressive and closely comparable to that of male participants. Additionally, a higher number of students take the IELTS exam in Sylhet district compared to the other three districts. Most of the time, 76.70% of the participants’ family (Parents/Brother/Sister) covered their whole cost of IELTS test and Family members often play a key role in encouraging individuals to pursue the test. IELTS test-takers from low-income families face significant difficulties in covering tuition fees and other expenses related to their preparation, coaching such as the cost of academic materials and center fees. The findings reveal that many test-takers struggle to afford the costs of preparing for the exam. As a student in a low-income country, Bangladesh, many individuals face challenges in covering expenses beyond necessities like food and shelter. Therefore, the study recommends scholarship opportunities and special consideration for participants who are facing financial challenges. The researchers and policy makers of IELTS test, should give a focus to their test fee which will be helpful for students of a developing country.
The Physiology of T-cell in the Development of Hypertension: A Review
Authors: Anyigor-Ogah Chijioke Stanley , Ugoji Darlington-Peter Chibuzor , Idika Idika Mba , Uwakwe Emmanuel Chijioke
Published: November 2024

T-cells have been shown to play a role in the development of hypertension but the subset of T-cells involved has not been fully elucidated. Also, there is a global rise in the incidence of hypertension mostly among the young populace. Majority of these cases are not secondary hypertension. This has posed concerns on the ideal aetiology of its development and progression. The place of immune deregulation has been scrutinized greatly. Current evidence has shown that inflammation and adaptive immunity play a role in the development of hypertension. Angiotensin II mediated hypertension has been shown to involve inflammatory mechanisms in the peripheral vessels, the kidneys and CNS. End organ lymphocyte infiltration is believed to be a part to the development of hypertension. Recent studies demonstrated the role of central nervous system and subfornical organs in the evolution and maintenance of angiotensin II–dependent hypertension which is associated with peripheral activation of lymphocytes and tissue inversion.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Calcified Aortic Knob Found in Chest Radiograph for Detection of Coronary Artery Calcification
Authors: Lertrojanapunya Saijai , Vijitsanguan Chomphunut , Noisiri Weeraya , Chayjaroon Jirawan , Chaychid Narongsak , Laesan Wasin
Published: November 2024

Aims: To validate the diagnostic performance of a calcified aortic knob found in chest radiographs in relation to coronary calcification.
Study Design: This study is an observational analytical cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: This study examined participants who were referred for a CT coronary calcium scoring (CT-CAC). at the Central Chest Institute of Thailand, Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Public Health, during the period from November 1, 2019, to October 31, 2021.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study aims to evaluate the association between calcified aortic knobs on chest radiographs and coronary artery calcification as determined by CT-CAC. The study included 664 patients who underwent CT-CAC between November 1, 2019 and October 31, 2021. We selected participants aged 40 to 75 years without known history of coronary artery disease (CAD) or diabetes (fasting blood sugar levels under 126 mg/dl within past 6 months). A total of 441 eligible patients were included in the final analysis.
Standard chest radiographs within 6 months interval were evaluated and classified into 4 grades, Grade 0 (no visible calcification), Grade 1 (<50% calcification of aortic knob), Grade 2 (>50% calcification of the aortic knob), and Grade 3 (circular calcification of the aortic knob). These findings were then compared with CAC obtained via dual source CT scanner to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of chest radiographs. Key performance metrics, including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV), were calculated to determine the effectiveness of aortic knob calcification as a predictor for coronary calcification.
Results: Positive CAC (CAC >0) was strongly associated with a calcified aortic knob (grades 1-3), with a high positive predictive value of 88.07%. The diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and
specificity were 66.9%, 61.5%, and 79.8%, respectively. The negative predictive value was low, at 41.8%.
Conclusion: A calcified aortic knob (grades 1-3) correlates strongly with positive CAC (positive predictive value 88.07%). The study’s findings of low sensitivity (61.5%) and negative predictive value (46.18%) indicate limitations in using calcified aortic knob on chest radiograph as a standalone screening tool for coronary artery calcification.
Effect of Media Formulation on Survival and Growth Performance of Star Jasmine (Jasminum multiflorum Burm. f. Andrews) Propagation by Stem Cuttings
Authors: Kanherkar Bobby S , Dalvi N. V. , Thorat S. B. , Parulekar Y. R. , Khobragade N. H.
Published: November 2024

Present study investigated “Effect of media formulation on survival and growth performance of star jasmine (Jasminum multiflorum Burm. f. Andrews) propagation by stem cuttings”. during 2023-2024 using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with eight treatments and three replications with eight treatments i.e., T5: soil + vermicompost + cocopeat (1:1:1). The treatments comprised various combinations of soil, farmyard manure (FYM), cocopeat, sand, rice husk, and vermicompost. The results indicated that the propagation media significantly affected the growth parameters. Notably, Treatment T5 i.e. soil + vermicompost + cocopeat (1:1:1) demonstrated superior performance, with the shortest sprouting time (9.67 days), highest survival rate (78.67%) and overall enhanced growth attributes, including sprout number, sprout length, plant height, leaf area, and root and shoot weights. The findings suggest that soil + vermicompost + cocopeat (1:1:1) is an optimal medium for propagating of star Jasmine, warranting further studies to confirm its efficacy across different locations and seasons.
Evaluation of Gender-Specific Variation in Lead-induced Nephrotoxicity in Wistar Rats
Authors: Owolabi Gbenga Opeyemi , Ige Serah Funke , Lawal Onaopepo Abdulwakeel , Ayodele Onaayomipo Olayinka , Fasina Omotayo Bolanle
Published: November 2024

The kidney is sensitive to heavy metals because of its intensive metabolic activity and multiple functions namely those of excretion and pollutants concentration. The study aimed to evaluate the gender-specific variation in lead-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats. 10 male and 10 female Wistar rats (180-220g) were each divided into 2 groups (n=5 each): Control (M), Lead alone (M), Control (F), Lead alone (F). Male and female rats of the experimental groups were administered a daily dose of 100 mg/kg/bw of lead acetate dispersed in distilled water for 21 days. All rats were anesthetized and sacrificed 24 hours after the last administration. Blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture for biochemical analysis, kidney tissues were harvested, homogenized, and analyzed for antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) and lipid peroxidation (measured by malondialdehyde levels). Results indicated a significantly (p<0.01) lower weight gain in the lead-only female (F) group compared to the lead-only male (M) group. Lead acetate exposure caused oxidative damage, evidenced by significantly reduced antioxidant enzyme levels and increased lipid peroxidation in both male and female groups, with the effects being more pronounced in females (p<0.05). Serum creatinine and Urea levels in the lead alone (M) and lead alone (F) group were increased when compared to their respective control groups (p<0.05) however serum creatinine was significantly (p<0.001) higher in lead alone (F) than lead alone (M). The electrolyte function increased significantly in this study (p<0.05) when compared with their control groups. Sodium ion in lead alone (F) increased significantly (p<0.01) when compared to lead alone (M). The study concludes that lead exposure induced nephrotoxicity in both male and female rats, but more significantly pronounced in females than the males. This increased severity may have been mediated by the higher lead-induced oxidative stress observed in the female rats compared to males.
The Influence of Micronutrients on Growth Performance of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) CV. Mahima
Authors: Korgaonkar G. S. , Bhingarde R. T. , Mali P. C. , Khobragade N. H. , Saitwal Y. S.
Published: November 2024

The present investigation entitled, “The influence of micronutrients on growth performance of ginger (zingiber officinale) cv. mahima” was conducted at All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Spices, Asond Block, Central Experiment Station, Wakawali, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli during 2023-24. Experiment was laid out with total nine treatments and three replications each in present study. The experimental findings revealed that the treatment, T1 i.e. RDF + Foliar Spray of ZnSO4 @ 0.5 % recorded better results in number of tillers per platnt (12.57), plant height (77.65 cm), number of leaves per plant (76.03), leaf length (23.25 cm) and leaf width (3.08 cm). Thus, it was concluded that the treatment T1 (RDF + Foliar Spray of ZnSO4 @ 0.5 %) was found to be the best for growth performance of ginger (Zingiber officinale rosc.) under Konkan agroclimatic conditions.
Climate Change and Heatwaves in India: Review of Impacts on Public Health, Livelihoods, and Policy
Authors: Saunik Sujata , Shaw Rajib
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a literature review studying the impacts of climate change and heatwaves on public health and livelihoods, with a focus on India. As global climate change accelerates, heatwaves are becoming more frequent and intense, necessitating new approaches to mitigate their effects on vulnerable populations, especially in urban areas. The review draws on recent studies (2021-2024) that explore the intersections of climate change, heatwaves, public health, livelihoods, policy interventions, and Heat Action Plans. The main findings reveal that heatwaves in India have significant public health impacts, such as increased mortality and morbidity, and disproportionately affect livelihoods, especially in agriculture and informal labor sectors. Vulnerable populations, including urban dwellers and informal workers, face heightened risks, further exacerbated by inadequate infrastructure and policy gaps. The purpose of this review is to synthesize current research to highlight these vulnerabilities and identify gaps in knowledge and policy response. A comprehensive, localized approach combining detailed risk assessments, nature-based solutions, technological innovations, and strengthened governance is essential for effective heatwave management in India. The findings underscore the urgent need for continued research focused on local spaces and comprehensive policy interventions to address the escalating risks posed by climate-induced heatwaves, setting the groundwork for future research and effective heatwave management strategies.
Impact of Key Insect Pests on Cowpea and their Relationship with Weather Parameters
Authors: Ansar Asni , T Santhoshkumar , Radhakrishnan Geetha , Jayapal Atul
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) is a vital pulse crop with substantial nutritional value in India that faces production challenges due to various biotic and abiotic factors. Among the biotic factors that affects cowpea, pests such as Maruca vitrata and Riptortus pedestris significantly impact cowpea yields. This study aimed to evaluate the seasonal incidence of these pests and analyze their correlations with weather parameters in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala.
Methodology: Field observations were conducted over the cropping season to record pest populations across Standard Meteorological Weeks (SMWs). The population of the pod bugs and pod borers were taken from five plants. Statistical analyses were performed to identify correlations between pest incidence and key weather factors.
Key Findings: The incidence of R. pedestris peaked in the 16th SMW, reaching 7.54 bugs per five plants. This pest displayed a significant positive correlation with maximum temperature (r = 0.637) and minimum temperature (r = 0.559) and a negative correlation with evening relative humidity (r =-0.480). Similarly, M. vitrata larval populations peaked during the same period at 2.65 larvae per five plants, showing a similar temperature-dependent correlation.
Implications: The temperature-sensitive incidence patterns observed underscore the need for integrated pest management (IPM) strategies that address climatic factors to enhance cowpea sustainability. This data provides valuable insights for future pest forecasting and management efforts.
Effect of Total Chlorophyll Content and Relative Water Content of Mini Tuber Potato under Aeroponic Condition in Jammu Region, India
Authors: Raina Ankita , Chand Gurdev , Kalsi Jyotsana , Sinha B.K. , Verma Shruti , Malpotra Sofia , Kumari Monika
Published: November 2024

The present study determine the effect of Total Chlorophyll Content and Relative Water Content of Mini Tuber Potato under Aeroponic Condition in Jammu Region, India. The adoption of new production technologies, usage of better varieties, quality seed material, good storage facilities, and transportation in recent years have helped to expand area, production, and productivity in India. The present study was conducted in the Division of Plant Physiology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu. The experiment was conducted during winter and spring seasons in 2022-23. Two varieties Kufri Badshah and Kufri Jyoti were taken as experimental material. Potato tubers were sown in net pots containing growing media and seedlings were transplanted at five leaves stage in the aeroponics system. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design with two treatments viz, T1 (cocopeat 100%) and T2 (cocopeat +vermiculite+ perlite+ vermicompost) in ratio (2:1:1:2) and after two weeks of transplanting data was recorded at three different stages of crop growth (20 DAT, 45 DAT and 80 DAT). The results clearly indicated that treatment T2 coco peat + perlite + vermiculite + vermicompost in the ratio of 2:1:1:2 was the most promising treatment for improving the, biochemical parameters, physical parameters and quality of both potato varieties when compared to other treatments.
Associated Factors for the Prevalence of Bedbug Infestation (Cimex hemipterus) among Households in Nakuru Town, Kenya
Authors: Shire Abdirizak , Mogere Dominic , Kariuki John , Muriithi Dennis , Kingori Samuel
Published: November 2024

Background: Infestations and the resurgence of bedbugs have recently been documented as serious health issues worldwide. Kenya reported 4000 bedbug-infested homes in 2018, so the increase in infestations is comparable to that of other African countries and the global average.
Objective: the objective of the study was to determine bedbug prevalence and factors associated with bedbug infestation among heads of households in Nakuru County, Kenya.
Method: The study used a cross-sectional descriptive study design. Cluster sampling and proportionate sampling were used to recruit the study respondents in this study. The Cochran formula was used to recruit 422 study respondents. The threshold for statistical significance was set at 0.05.
Results: The prevalence of bedbug infestation was 53.1%. The presence of households with bedbugs was associated with the prevalence of bedbugs in the study households (p value<0.001). The purchase of second-hand furniture and clothes was associated with bedbug prevalence (p value=0.002 and 0.007 respectively). The number of rooms in households was associated with the prevalence of bedbugs (p value=0.008). The number of people living in households (p value=0.021) and the type of house were associated with the prevalence of bedbugs (p value<0.001).
Conclusion: The prevalence of bedbug infestation was 53.1%. The type of house, number of people in a household, number of rooms in the household, and social factors including the existence of neighbors, relatives, friends, and job mates with bedbugs in their homes, heightened the chances of spreading the bedbugs to others. The purchase of second-hand furniture and clothes increased the prevalence of bedbugs.
Performance Studies of Ridge Gourd (Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb.) Genotypes for Growth and Yield Parameters
Authors: H T Amulya , K H Yashavantakumar , Hadimani H P , Chittapur Rekha Bheemappa , Ryavalad Shivayogi Y , Kavya
Published: November 2024

Ridge gourd [Luffa acutangula (L.)] commonly known as kalitori, angled gourd, angled loofah, silky gourd and ribbed gourd, belongs to Cucurbitaceae family with chromosome number 2n = 26. The current experiment was conducted at the College of Horticulture, Bagalkot, Karnataka during the Rabi- Summer season of 2023–2024 to evaluate thirty-eight different genotypes of ridge gourd. The experiment had two replications and was set up using a randomized complete block design. Analysis of variance showed that existence of high degree of variability among the genotypes. On the basis of mean performance, Hireharukuni local performed better for parameters like vine length (501.25 cm), number of primary branches per vine (4.08), node at first female flower (7.17), days to first harvest (55.18) and yield parameters with highest yield of 3.86kg/vine.
Estimation of Nature and Magnitude of Correlation among Different Traits in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Yadav Yogendra , Syed Mousmi , Pandey Santosh , Yadav Mahaveer Prasad , Praveen  , Himanshu  , Yadav Rakesh
Published: November 2024

The present investigation aimed to study correlations among different traits in chickpea, specifically indicated that the traits —days to 50% blooming, days to maturity, harvest index (%), plant height (cm), number of primary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 100-seedweight (g), and seed output per plant. Compared to the matching phenotypic correlation coefficient, the estimations of genotypic correlation were greater. It could be the consequence of the environment's altering influence on the genotypic level of character association. Harvest index, number of seeds per pod, number of major branches per plant, number of pods per plant, biomass per plant, and 100-seed weight at the genotypic level all showed a statistically positive connection with the seed output per plant. At the phenotypic level, the following variables demonstrated a positive and significant correlation with seed yield per plant: harvest index, number of seeds per pod, number of major branches per plant, number of pods per plant, and 100-seed weight. These correlations showed that enhancing the aforementioned traits can increase seed output.
The Impact of Climate Change on Flowering Patterns and Productivity in Floriculture: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: S Pooja Murthy , Abass Mohd , Nazir Manoj , Teotia Jatin , Farooq Hamid , Balan. Alaka S , Singh Ashish Pratap
Published: November 2024

The floriculture industry, a vital component of global horticulture, is increasingly threatened by climate change, which disrupts flowering patterns, reduces productivity, and alters the market value of ornamental crops. This review synthesizes current research on how climatic factors-such as temperature fluctuations, altered precipitation, elevated atmospheric CO₂, and extreme weather events-affect key aspects of floricultural crop growth and phenology. Rising temperatures accelerate flowering in many species but can also lead to heat stress, floral bud abortion, and reduced flower quality in sensitive crops like roses (Rosa hybrida) and snapdragons (Antirrhinum majus). Similarly, changes in precipitation patterns, including drought and waterlogging, further complicate floral development by impairing water and nutrient uptake. Elevated CO₂ generally promotes biomass accumulation and water-use efficiency but may not necessarily translate into improved floral yield or quality. To address these challenges, the adoption of adaptive strategies such as breeding climate-resilient varieties, implementing optimized agronomic practices, and utilizing controlled environment agriculture is critical. Future research must focus on species-specific and long-term studies to identify the differential impacts of climate change on diverse floricultural species. Moreover, multi-stressor impact assessments and exploration of phenotypic plasticity and genetic adaptation are needed to develop cultivars capable of maintaining high performance under complex environmental conditions. Integrating climate models and decision support systems will further enable precise forecasting and strategic planning, supporting growers in mitigating climate-related risks. By advancing understanding in these areas, the floriculture industry can better adapt to changing climates and maintain economic sustainability, ensuring the continued success of this important sector amidst global environmental shifts.
Development and Assessment of a Batch Type Ohmic Heating System for Milk Processing
Authors: Solanki Rohankumar , Chauhan Istiyakhusen , Pinto Suneeta , Patel Sunil , Patel Amit , Rathva Arpita
Published: November 2024

This study aims to develop and assess the performance of a batch-type ohmic heating system for the thermal processing of cow and buffalo milk, particularly investigating whether the ohmic system affects the nutritional and microbial quality of the milk. An experimental setup was fabricated with a 7-liter capacity, utilizing an agitator as one electrode and the vessel surface as the other. The system was tested for heating milk from 32°C to target temperatures of 75°C and 92°C. Key processing parameters, including agitator speed and applied voltage, were optimized for both milk types. The physicochemical and microbial properties of the ohmically heated milk were evaluated, along with performance metrics such as heating rates, power consumption, and system efficiency. The developed ohmic heating system achieved heating rates of 4.29°C/min for cow milk and 2.85°C/min for buffalo milk. Cow milk demonstrated lower energy consumption, requiring less time and voltage compared to buffalo milk, with system performance coefficients of 58% for cow milk and 50% for buffalo milk. However, fouling on the agitator surface was identified as a challenge for industrial applications. Importantly, the ohmic heating process preserved the nutritional content while effectively reducing microbial load, confirming its potential for dairy processing. In conclusion, the batch-type ohmic heating system exhibited high efficiency and rapid heating capabilities for both cow and buffalo milk, indicating its viability for commercial use. Future research should focus on addressing fouling issues and further optimizing the system, enhancing the overall potential of ohmic heating technology in the dairy industry.
The effect of layout and pacing on learning from diagrams with unnecessary text
Authors: Rop Gertjan , Schüler Anne , Verkoeijen Peter P.J.L. , Scheiter Katharina , Gog Tamara Van
Published: August 2018

Although the presentation of extraneous (i.e., irrelevant or unnecessary) information hinders learning, it is unclear whether and how layout and pacing influence this effect. In two experiments, participants learned how the heart functions using four different layouts: a diagram presented without unnecessary text (diagram only), with unnecessary text separated from the diagram (separated) or integrated into the diagram (integrated), or with separated unnecessary text and the instruction to integrate (integration instruction). In Experiment 1, study time was self‐paced for half of the participants and system paced for the other half. There were no effects of layout and of pacing on learning, although system pacing was more effortful than self‐pacing. In Experiment 2, which was system paced and employed eye tracking, the integrated condition showed worse learning outcomes than the separated condition. Moreover, in the integrated condition, participants made more integration attempts between the unnecessary text and the diagram than in the separated condition.
Mussel‐Inspired Defect Engineering of Graphene Liquid Crystalline Fibers for Synergistic Enhancement of Mechanical Strength and Electrical Conductivity
Authors: Kim In Ho , Yun Taeyeong , Kim Jae‐Eun , Yu Hayoung , Sasikala Suchithra Padmajan , Lee Kyung Eun , Koo Sung Hwan , Hwang Hoseong , Jung Hong Ju , Park Jeong Young , Jeong Hyeon Su , Kim Sang Ouk
Published: August 2018

Inspired by mussel adhesive polydopamine (PDA), effective reinforcement of graphene‐based liquid crystalline fibers to attain high mechanical and electrical properties simultaneously is presented. The two‐step defect engineering, relying on bioinspired surface polymerization and subsequent solution infiltration of PDA, addresses the intrinsic limitation of graphene fibers arising from the folding and wrinkling of graphene layers during the fiber‐spinning process. For a clear understanding of the mechanism of PDA‐induced defect engineering, interfacial adhesion between graphene oxide sheets is straightforwardly analyzed by the atomic force microscopy pull‐off test. Subsequently, PDA could be converted into an N‐doped graphitic layer within the fiber structure by a mild thermal treatment such that mechanically strong fibers could be obtained without sacrificing electrical conductivity. Bioinspired graphene‐based fiber holds great promise for a wide range of applications, including flexible electronics, multifunctional textiles, and wearable sensors.
Functionalization of Hybrid 1D SnO2–ZnO Nanofibers for Formaldehyde Detection
Authors: Zhang Rui , Zhou Tingting , Zhang Tong
Published: August 2018

Functionalization of nanomaterials is widely utilized in the design of sensing layer of gas sensors, whose high sensing performances largely depend on the design of the materials component and structure. Here, an advanced 1D hierarchical nanofibers consisting of 1D backbone with well‐defined p‐type NiO nanosheets built porous shells is reported. The backbone is filled with SnO2 and ZnO nanoparticles to form a 1D heterostructure nanofiber that enables accelerated reaction rate between target gas and sensing layer. In the outer nanosheets shell of 1D hybrid nanofiber, NiO is a p‐type semiconductor with high catalytic activity to create extra rich heterocatalytic reactions active site within interface layers. Importantly, the NiO nanosheets shell exhibit a highly porous but robust architecture that could enhance the utilization ratio of the sensing layer upon target gases. Taken together, these results highlight the merits of employing novel functionalized SnO2–ZnO nanofiber as active components to achieve a high sensitivity of 12.2, excellent selectivity to formaldehyde at a low temperature range of 120–150 °C, which are superior over the SnO2 nanofiber, SnO2–ZnO nanofiber, and NiO nanosheets.
Bioinspired Microstructured Pressure Sensor Based on a Janus Graphene Film for Monitoring Vital Signs and Cardiovascular Assessment
Authors: Song Zhongqian , Li Weiyan , Bao Yu , Wang Wei , Liu Zhenbang , Han Fangjie , Han Dongxue , Niu Li
Published: August 2018

The rational structural design of materials is an efficient strategy for optimizing the sensing properties of pressure sensors for electronic skins. Here, inspired by the arches of the foot, a novel Janus graphene film (JGF) with concave‐convex arch‐shaped microstructures on both surfaces is presented. Then, a polymer‐substrate‐free pressure sensor with a wide sensing range, fast response time, and good stability is fabricated using a face‐to‐face assembly method. Its special microstructures can effectively hinder the full contact of two face‐to‐face JGF electrodes and lead to a tunable pressure‐dependent contact area. Subtle pressure variations can be captured due to these special arch‐shaped microstructures. Hence, the JGF‐based pressure sensor could be used to monitor the vital signs of the human body such as human‐body motion, breathing, and arterial pulse. Stable epidermal pulse wave signals are detected, and a series of indices are extracted to assess arterial stiffness and vascular aging. Thanks to its low‐cost, simplified fabrication process, the pressure sensor exhibits great potential for monitoring health in real time and screening for arteriosclerotic disease.
A novel AXIN2 gene mutation in sagittal synostosis
Authors: Yilmaz Elanur , Mihci Ercan , Guzel Nur Banu , Alper Ozgul M.
Published: August 2018

The bones of the skull are held together by fibrous joints called sutures. Premature fusion of these sutures leads to a pathologic condition called as craniosynostosis. Although at least 50 nuclear genes including FGFR2, TWIST1, TCF12, and SMAD6 were identified as causative of craniosynostosis; only 25% of the patients can be genetically diagnosed. Here, we report a 3‐year‐old Turkish Caucasian boy with sagittal craniosynostosis with a de novo loss‐of‐function mutation in exon 4 of the AXIN2 gene for the first time. The patient has frontal bossing, high anterior hair line, depressed nasal bridge, bilateral epicanthus and low set ears which are correlated with his scaphocephaly. As a negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway which is one of the key modulators of craniosynostosis syndrome, it has been shown in model organisms that Axin2 orchestrates the regulation of beta‐catenin especially in the intramembranous ossification process. This clinical report adds value to the literature that AXIN2 gene mutations could be a potential cause in human calvarial malformations, especially for the sagittal synostosis.
Anellierte Cyclobutane durch Fe‐katalysierte Cycloisomerisierung von Eninacetaten
Authors: Kramm Frederik , Teske Johannes , Ullwer Franziska , Frey Wolfgang , Plietker Bernd
Published: August 2018

Kationische Fe‐Komplexe des allgemeinen Typs [(Ph3P)2Fe(CO)(NO)]X (X=BF4, BArF4) katalyiseren die redox‐neutrale Cycloisomerisierung von 1,6‐ und 1,7‐Eninacetaten in guten Ausbeuten und Diastereoselektivitäten zu bicyclischen Cyclobutanen unter milden Bedingungen.
Stable Expanded Porphycene‐Based Diradicaloid and Tetraradicaloid
Authors: Rana Anup , Hong Yongseok , Gopalakrishna Tullimilli Y. , Phan Hoa , Herng Tun Seng , Yadav Priya , Ding Jun , Kim Dongho , Wu Jishan
Published: August 2018

The synthesis of a bithiophene‐bridged 34π conjugated aromatic expanded porphycene 1 and a cyclopentabithiophene bridged 32π conjugated anti‐aromatic expanded porphycene 2 by a McMurry coupling strategy is presented. Magnetic measurements and theoretical calculations reveal that both 1 and 2 exhibit an open‐shell singlet ground state with significant radical character (y0=0.63 for 1; y0=0.68, y1=0.18 for 2; y0: diradical character, y1: tetraradical character) and a small singlet–triplet energy gap (ΔES‐T=−3.25 kcal mol−1 for 1 and ΔES‐T=−0.92 kcal mol−1 for 2). Despite the open‐shell radical character, both compounds display exceptional stability under ambient air and light conditions owing to effective delocalization of unpaired electrons in the extended cyclic π‐conjugation pathway.
Struktur, Totalsynthese und Biosynthese der Chloromyxamide: Myxobakterielle Tetrapeptide mit einem ungewöhnlichen 6‐Chloromethyl‐5‐methoxypipecolinsäure‐Baustein
Authors: Gorges Jan , Panter Fabian , Kjaerulff Louise , Hoffmann Thomas , Kazmaier Uli , Müller Rolf
Published: August 2018

Bodenbakterien stellen eine wichtige Quelle zur Entdeckung neuer Naturstoffe großer struktureller Diversität dar, die die zugrundeliegenden Biosynthesewege sowie den Einbau einer Vielzahl verschiedener kleiner Molekülbaueinheiten widerspiegelt. In dieser Arbeit wird die vollständige Strukturaufklärung, Totalsynthese sowie Biosynthese der Chloromyxamide vorgestellt, einer neuen Klasse von Tetrapeptiden, die eine ungewöhnliche 6‐Chloromethyl‐5‐methoxypipecolinsäure(CMPA)‐Einheit enthalten. Die chemische Synthese, die einen synthetischen Zugang zur CMPA‐Einheit beinhaltet, wurde genutzt, um die Chloromyxamidstruktur zu verifizieren und ermöglichte die Bestimmung der Konfiguration der CMPA‐Einheit. Ein Modell der nichtribosomalen Biosynthese der Chloromyxamide wurde auf Basis der Evaluierung des Biosynthesegenclusters und aus Fütterungsexperimenten mit isotopenmarkierten Vorläufermolekülen erstellt. Dies ergab einen tiefen Einblick in die Biosynthese der verschiedenen Chloromyxamidderivate sowie in die Biogenese der CMPA‐Einheit.
Sulfur Spillover on Carbon Materials and Possible Impacts on Metal–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Medenbach Lukas , Escher Ines , Köwitsch Nicolas , Armbrüster Marc , Zedler Linda , Dietzek Benjamin , Adelhelm Philipp
Published: August 2018

There is currently intense research on sulfur/carbon composite materials as positive electrodes for rechargeable batteries. Such composites are commonly prepared by ball milling or (melt/solution) impregnation to achieve intimate contact between both elements with the hope to improve battery performance. Herein, we report that sulfur shows an unexpected “spillover” effect when in contact with porous carbon materials under ambient conditions. When sulfur and porous carbon are gently mixed in a 1:1 mass ratio, complete surface coverage takes place within just a few days along with the loss of the sulfur bulk properties (crystallinity, melting point, Raman signals). Sulfur spillover also occurs in the presence of a liquid phase. Consequences of this phenomenon are discussed by considering a sodium–sulfur cell with a solid electrolyte membrane.
Structure, Total Synthesis, and Biosynthesis of Chloromyxamides: Myxobacterial Tetrapeptides Featuring an Uncommon 6‐Chloromethyl‐5‐methoxypipecolic Acid Building Block
Authors: Gorges Jan , Panter Fabian , Kjaerulff Louise , Hoffmann Thomas , Kazmaier Uli , Müller Rolf
Published: August 2018

Soil‐living microbes are an important resource for the discovery of new natural products featuring great structural diversity that are reflective of the underlying biosynthetic pathways as well as incorporating a wide range of intriguing small‐molecule building blocks. We report here the full structural elucidation, total synthesis, and biosynthesis of chloromyxamides, a new class of tetrapeptides that display an unprecedented 6‐chloromethyl‐5‐methoxypipecolic acid (CMPA) substructure. Chemical synthesis—including an approach to access the CMPA unit—was pursued to confirm the structure of the chloromyxamides and enabled determination of the absolute configuration in the CMPA ring. A model for the nonribosomal assembly of chloromyxamides was devised on the basis of the combined evaluation of the biosynthetic gene cluster sequence and the feeding of stable isotope‐labeled precursors. This provided insight into the formation of the various chloromyxamide derivatives and the biogenesis of the CMPA unit.
Supported benzimidazole‐salen Cu(II) complex: An efficient, versatile and highly reusable nanocatalyst for one‐pot synthesis of hybrid molecules
Authors: Sharghi Hashem , Aberi Mahdi , Shiri Pezhman
Published: August 2018

A novel and efficient nanocatalyst consisting of benzimidazole‐salen Cu(II) complex on surface‐modified silica (BS‐Cu(II)@SiO2) was prepared. The heterogeneous nanocatalyst was characterized by FESEM, TEM, EDX, FT‐IR, XRD, ICP, and TGA. The nanocatalyst was used for the one‐pot synthesis of some target hybrid molecules. An efficient four component C–H bond activation/[3 + 2] cycloaddition and condensation/cyclization/aromatization sequence toward triazole‐benzimidazole derivatives is disclosed. This methodology provides a general and rapid synthetic route to some new triazole‐benzimidazole hybrids under mild reaction conditions. In addition, the heterogeneous nanocatalyst can be easily separated from the reaction mixture and used several times without noticeable leaching or loss of its catalytic activity. We believe this interesting one‐pot reaction as well as benzimidazole‐salen Cu(II) complex pave the way to the design and synthesis of other new hybrid molecules and metal catalysts, respectively.
Preoperative oral care and effect on postoperative complications after major cancer surgery
Authors: Ishimaru M , Matsui H , Ono S , Hagiwara Y , Morita K , Yasunaga H
Published: August 2018

Background

Improving patients' oral hygiene is an option for preventing postoperative pneumonia that may be caused by aspiration of oral and pharyngeal secretions. Whether preoperative oral care by a dentist can decrease postoperative complications remains controversial. A retrospective cohort study was undertaken to assess the association between preoperative oral care and postoperative complications among patients who underwent major cancer surgery.

Methods

The nationwide administrative claims database in Japan was analysed. Patients were identified who underwent resection of head and neck, oesophageal, gastric, colorectal, lung or liver cancer between May 2012 and December 2015. The primary outcomes were postoperative pneumonia and all-cause mortality within 30 days of surgery. Patient background was adjusted for with inverse probability of treatment weighting using propensity scoring.

Results

Of 509 179 patients studied, 81 632 (16·0 per cent) received preoperative oral care from a dentist. A total of 15 724 patients (3·09 per cent) had postoperative pneumonia and 1734 (0·34 per cent) died within 30 days of surgery. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, preoperative oral care by a dentist was significantly associated with a decrease in postoperative pneumonia (3·28 versus 3·76 per cent; risk difference − 0·48 (95 per cent c.i. −0·64 to−0·32) per cent) and all-cause mortality within 30 days of surgery (0·30 versus 0·42 per cent; risk difference − 0·12 (−0·17 to −0·07) per cent).

Conclusion

Preoperative oral care by a dentist significantly reduced postoperative complications in patients who underwent cancer surgery.
Mechanistic Investigation into DNA Modification by a RuII,RhIII Bimetallic Complex
Authors: Rodríguez‐Corrales José Á. , Wang Jing , Winkel Brenda S. J. , Brewer Karen J.
Published: August 2018

Despite significant progress in the treatment of cancer, there remains an urgent need for more effective therapies that also have less impact on patient wellbeing. Photodynamic therapy employs targeted light activation of a photosensitizer in selected tissues, thereby reducing off‐target toxicity. Our group previously reported a RuII,RhIII bimetallic architecture that displays multifunctional covalent photomodification of DNA in the therapeutic window in an oxygen‐independent manner, features that are essential for treating deep and hypoxic tumors. Herein, we explore the mechanism by which a new analogue, [(phen)2Ru(dpp)Rh(phen)Cl2]3+, or RuII‐RhIII, interacts with DNA. We established that RuII‐RhIII exhibits “light switch” behavior in the presence of DNA, undergoing strong electrostatic interactions that might involve groove binding. Furthermore, these noncovalent interactions play a major role in the covalent photobinding and photocleavage of DNA, which occur according to an oxygen‐independent mechanism. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed that covalent modification of DNA by RuII‐RhIII, especially photobinding, is critical to inhibiting amplification, thus suggesting that the complex could exert its toxic activity by interfering with DNA replication in cells. This new structural motif, with phenanthroline at all three terminal ligand positions, has a number of properties that are promising for the continued refinement of photodynamic‐therapy strategies.
From General to Specific: Can Pseudomonas Primary Metabolism Be Exploited for Narrow‐Spectrum Antibiotics?
Authors: Shapiro Justin A. , Kaplan Anna R. , Wuest William M.
Published: August 2018

The spread of antimicrobial resistance is a major threat to human health, and patients requiring prolonged antibiotic exposure are in desperate need of new therapeutic strategies. It has been hypothesized that tailoring our antibiotics to inhibit molecular targets specific to pathogens might stem the spread of resistance. A prime candidate for such a strategy is Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which can be found in the lungs of nearly all adult cystic fibrosis patients and, due to chronic exposure to antibiotics, has a high rate of multidrug‐resistant strains. Although much research has been done on P. aeruginosa virulence factors as narrow‐spectrum targets, less attention has been paid to primary carbon metabolism being leveraged for pathogen‐specific mechanisms. However, early studies show that primary metabolic pathways, although shared amongst all organisms, contain intricacies specific to Pseudomonas species that have potential for antibiotic exploitation. Here we lay out some of this work in the hopes that it inspires researchers to continue developing a knowledge base for future antibiotic discovery to build upon and include a case study of a Pseudomonas primary metabolic pathway that has been targeted by small molecules in a species‐specific manner.
Controllable Homogeneity/Heterogeneity Switch of Imidazolium Ionic Liquids for CO2 Utilization
Authors: Byun Jeehye , Zhang Kai A. I.
Published: August 2018

Imidazolium ionic liquids (IL) have been recognized as a promising platform for CO2 capture and conversion owing to the structural designability through molecular combination of cationic substituents and counter anions. However, the conventional homogeneous catalysis with ILs accompanies a laborious work‐up procedure to recycle the catalyst and purify product after the reaction, limiting the applicability of ILs. Herein, we optimize the molecular structure of imidazolium ILs to mediate the cycloaddition of CO2 upon epoxides, in which the IL functions as a homogeneous catalyst but exhibits heterogeneous separation capability. By varying the length of alkyl substituent on the imidazolium ring, the conversion efficiency of the epoxide into cyclic carbonate could be accelerated owing to higher reactivity of anions with longer aliphatic chains. The conversion efficiency was further optimized by having a proper type of counter anions with suitable level of nucleophilicity. The long‐chain IL exhibited temperature‐responsive phase transition behavior, allowing a facile isolation of IL and products after the reaction. In addition, with the high purity of obtained cyclic carbonates, non‐isocyanate poly(hydroxylurethane)s could be produced by polyaddition of diamines, promoting the utilization of CO2 as a chemical building block.