bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation in the Process of Introducing Digital Technologies Into Criminal Proceedings
Authors:   Central Branch, Russian State University of Justice, Voronezh, Russia, Meshcheryakov Vladimir A. , Tsurluj Olesya Yu. ,   Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
Published: March 2023

Modern social relations are undergoing serious changes under the influence of objective circumstances in all spheres of human activity. Judicial proceedings as an institution for the protection of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of man and citizen should be modernized as much as possible, according to current requirements, while maintaining its essence. One of the current trends in judicial proceedings is the digitalization and application of the online format of trial. The special features of criminal proceedings and its essence require a special approach of using videoconferencing while criminal trial. The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation was the first to use video conferencing technology during the trial, thereby demonstrating its capabilities. The consideration of cases by the Supreme Court of Russia in an online format demonstrated the effectiveness of digital technologies using, simultaneously helped to reduce court costs. At the same time, the draft legislative regulation of the trial using video conferencing demonstrated a cautious approach to the digitalization of criminal proceedings for a number of reasons, which will be discussed in this article. Clarifications of the Supreme Court of Russia on informatization issues in the relevant Concept approved by the Order of the Chairman of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated February 15, 2021 No. 9-P are of great importance for the digitalization of legal proceedings. Having analyzed the current situation of the introduction of videoconferencing in court proceedings, the authors come to the conclusion of necessity for legislative regulation of court proceedings in an online format, especially criminal one.
Determine Communication channels used by smallholder farmers to access climate services in Musanze district
Authors: Twahirwa Anthony
Published: March 2023

There is a significant threat on the African continent caused by climate change and limited practical options for adaptation and mitigation. Food security is becoming a serious problem and the agricultural sector which is the backbone of the Rwandan economy is severely impacted by climate shocks. The Musanze district's smallholder farmers access and use climate services to lessen the effects of extreme events of weather and climate.  The conceptual structure is one method used by Rwanda Meteorological Agency to provide farmers with climatic services. Farmers employ a variety of modes to acquire climate services from the service providers for the purposes of planning, adaptation, and mitigation. Researchers, development partners, Ministries/Agencies, and others get climate products, which are then made available to farmers to support them make informed decisions. The survey was also carried out by engaging smallholder farmers using open-ended questions from key-format interviews, providing thorough information on how climate services are very vital and essential to the farmers. The findings indicated that the most commonly used products in planning and decision-making of agricultural activities are monthly bulletins, impact-based early warning information, daily weather forecasts and seasonal forecasts. The age, farmer’s income and the availability of equipment’s for accessing climate services contributed greatly to the readiness to use climate information. The availability of climatic services contributed to better selection of seeds and timing of pests and disease prevention. The most widely used modes of accessing climate services were radio, television, social media, and short messaging services. The objective of the study is to determine communication channels used by smallholder farmers to access climate services.
Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen use efficiency and yield of selected sorghum genotypes in semi-arid regions of Kenya
Authors: Kathuli Peter , Kinama Josiah , Kitonyo Onesmus , Nguluu Simon , Muui Catherine , Muasya Reuben
Published: March 2023

Sorghum production in semi-arid lands is constrained by inadequate soil moisture and low nitrogen. Research was carried out between 2018-2020 to determine the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen use efficiency, yield on selected sorghum genotypes and genotypes suitable for low soil fertility in semi-arid lands. The experiment was a randomized complete block design in a split-plot arrangement with 11 sorghum genotypes in the main plot and nitrogen (0, 6.5 and 32.5 kgha-1) as the sub-plots in three replicates. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and its indices agronomic efficiency (AE), nitrogen internal utilization (IE), physiological efficiency (PE), nitrogen recovery efficiency, nitrogen harvest index (NHI) and partial factor productivity (PFP) were obtained from sorghum yield data and nitrogen uptake. The results showed that nitrogen application at 6.5 kgha-1 and 32.5 kgha-1 significantly increased grain yield, stover weight and total dry matter (TDM) by 43% and 116%, 39% and 85% and 42% and 57% respectively. Sorghum genotypes TTKKIAMA6, KTIRASTAMMA4, SNYAKTOSA5, and MKNKKIRWMA2 had significantly higher grain yield and low N uptake implying they are N-efficient. NUE of sorghum decreased with increasing N application. Nitrogen internal utilization efficiency (IE) was significantly higher at zero N application rate implying better N assimilation by sorghum genotypes at low N. AE, PE, RE and PFP were all significantly higher at 6.5 kg N ha-1. All tested genotypes had significantly high NUE (90 to 1148 kgkg-1, RE (27 to 94 kgkg-1), AE (41 to 139 kgkg-1), PE (27 to 84 kgkg-1) and IE (41 to 139 kgkg-1) than the check (Gadam). It was concluded that sorghum genotypes yield parameters were increased by nitrogen application, NUE was highest at low N levels and its indices were significantly higher at 6.5 kg Nha-1. Four genotypes were found to be highly N-efficient and are recommended for sorghum improvement.
Accessibility Analysis of Childbirth Service Centers Using Geospatial Techniques in Rural Magadi, Kenya
Authors: Maleyo Agnes , Omoke Kennedy Japhan , Mo James Miyogo
Published: March 2023

Accessibility to childbirth services is a necessity despite geographic, demographic and socio-economic origin. The distribution pattern between health facilities and households in rural areas is not as extensively researched as those of urban areas, especially pastoral communities. Challenges in accessing social amenities including childbirth service centres are dominant. This study aims to assess the spatial accessibility between the location of households and the location of the childbirth health facility in Magadi Ward. The study employed geospatial techniques to visualize the spatial distribution of households and health facilities; and the road connectivity between them. To represent the variation, accessibility zones were modelled using the Euclidean distance tool. Buffer analysis was also conducted to indicate the relationship between the served and unserved areas in regard to the five kilometres Ministry of Health recommended radius. Coordinates of 246 households were randomly picked from the eight community unit clusters in the Magadi ward. The findings revealed the number of women who delivered at health facilities to be 38.2%, while those who delivered at home were 61.8% contrary to the majority being within the service area of the buffer. The most accessible zones were located in the central and upper western parts of Magadi Ward. The utilization of antenatal and postnatal care services and health facilities for the place of delivery differed significantly. The results indicate the poor use of health facilities as a place of delivery for women who utilized childbirth services in the last year, prior to data collection. This provides valuable information and location-based evidence of low access to health facilities for childbirth services, and therefore, offers guidance on sound decision making and strategies to improve on the accessibility of childbirth services.
Udder and teat morphometry and its relationship with occurrence of intramammary infections in dairy cattle
Authors: Isaac Pastory Kashoma
Published: March 2023

Bovine mastitis, an inflammatory disease of the mammary gland, is often caused by bacterial infection and is a major health problem on dairy farms. A cross-sectional study of four herds was conducted to assess udder and teat-related risk factors for the development of intramammary infections in 243 lactating cows. Udder and teat morphometric parameters were determined through visual appraisal method. Intramammary infection was assessed using California mastitis test (CMT), Somatic cell count (SCC) and bacteriology of milk samples. The frequencies of udder conformations were 65.8%, 18.9%, 7.4% and 7.8% for desirable, pendulous, round and goaty-shapes, respectively. Teat conformation revealed that 76.0%, 5.3%, 6.6%, 4.5% and 7.5% for desirable, short, funnel, bottle and conical-shapes, respectively. There was a significant (p<0.01) effect of udder shape and teat-end shape on SCC level and intramammary infections. The mean SCC and mastitis infection levels for undesirable udder was significantly (p<0.05) higher as compared to the desirable shaped udder. Similarly, significant (p<0.05) higher level SCC was found in undesired teats compared to desirable teats. The overall proportion of quarter mastitis infection in all four farms revealed 1.23% for clinical and 36.52% for subclinical mastitis. Herd-wise subclinical mastitis prevalence showed 42.8%, 35.07%, 33.09% and 2.94% for farm A, C, B and C, respectively. The most frequently isolated bacterial species were Staphylococcus aureus (56.34%) followed by Escherichia coli (22.55%), Streptococcus agalactiae (9.86%) and Bacillus spp. (8.45%). In conclusion, undesirable udder and teats conformations were more susceptible to intramammary infection and these traits must be considered accordingly while selecting dairy animals for future milk production. Observed high occurrence of subclinical Staphylococcal mastitis needs improvements in milking hygiene, mammary gland health, regular screening of animals, and use of biosecurity as an intervention tactic to limit the spread of pathogens at dairy farms.
On the retinae of Glis and Graphiurus: photoreceptor and ganglion cell populations, an absence of shortwave-sensitive cones, and some other features (Rodentia: Gliridae)
Authors: Peichl Leo , Radic Tijana , Solovei Irina , Wolfram Michael , Glösmann Martin
Published: March 2023

The retina of the fat dormouse Glis glis was studied histologically. Opsin immunolabeling identified an unusually dense population of rod photoreceptors (ca. 600,000–780,000/mm²) and a low-density population of L cone photoreceptors containing the longwave-sensitive (LWS) cone opsin, with a shallow maximum of ca. 3,300/mm² in temporal retina and ca. 2,000–3,000/mm² in the remaining retina. Hence the cones comprise only 0.25–0.50% of the photoreceptors. There are no S cones expressing the shortwave-sensitive (SWS1) opsin that is the second cone opsin in most mammals, conveying dichromatic colour vision. We conclude that the fat dormouse is a cone monochromat. Sequencing of the tuning-relevant exon 1 of the SWS1 opsin gene revealed that the gene would have coded for a UV-sensitive visual pigment, but that it contains mutational changes making it nonfunctional. Retinal interneurons (rod bipolar cells, horizontal cells, several amacrine cell types) have rodent-typical features. NeuN-labeled presumed retinal ganglion cells have densities between ca. 4000/mm² in temporal central retina and 850–1300/mm² in peripheral retina. The peak ganglion cell density would result in an estimated visual acuity maximum of ca. 1.8 cycles/degree or ca. 33 minutes of arc. Assessment of a further Gliridae species, the African dormouse Graphiurus sp., also revealed a high rod density, low L cone density, and an absence of SWS1 opsin.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek dengan Strategi Berdiferensiasi terhadap Keterampilan Berpikir Kreatif
Authors: Ayu Sri Wahyuni  , I Wayan Redhana  , I Nyoman Tika
Published: March 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskrispikan dan menjelaskan perbedaan keterampilan berpikir kreatif antara kelompok siswa yang belajar menggunakan model pembelajaran berbasis proyek dengan strategi berdiferensiasi, model pembelajaran berbasis proyek, dan model pembelajaran konvensional pada mata pelajaran IPA. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuasi eksperimen dengan desain pretest – posttest non-equivalent control group design. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah cluster random sampling. Populasi penelitian ini berjumlah 280 orang yang merupakan siswa kelas VIII yang terbagi ke dalam 7 kelas dan sampel penelitian yang digunakan berjumlah 240 orang yang terbagi dalam 6 kelas. Instrumen penelitian yang dipakai berbentuk angket gaya belajar, dan tes berpikir kreatif. Data yang diperoleh adalah jenis gaya belajar, dan nilai berpikir kreatif siswa pada materi usaha dan pesawat sederhana serta penerapannya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Data dianalisis dengan teknik analisis deskriptif dan ANCOVA. Tindak lanjut ANCOVA, dipergunakan Least Significant Diffeerence (LSD) untuk mengetahui perlakuan mana yang memberikan hasil yang berbeda. Pengujian hipotesis dikerjakan dengan taraf signifikansi 5%. Sebelum uji hipotesis, terlebih dahulu dilakukan uji prasyarat (normalitas, homogenitas, linearitas, kemiringan garis regresi, dan multikolinieritas). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran berbasis proyek dengan strategi berdiferensiasi lebih baik daripada model pembelajaran berbasis proyek dan model pembelajaran konvensional dalam meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kreatif dengan efek pengaruh sebesar 77,3%.
Some problem issues related to the grant competition
Authors: Mariya Kostiv
Published: March 2023

This article is related to problem issues of the grant competition. In particular, it focuses on the delimitation of «competition» as a public promise of a reward and «competition» as a special procedure of the conclusion of the contract. Based on the key issues of the grant, it is concluded, that it can not be the reward (non-contractual obligation). A grant is a quantity of money given by an organization, or person for a specific purpose and specific period of time. Usually, it is provided for the best proposal aimed at solving a particular socially significant problem. Thus, the provision of funding (grant) generates further obligations to the parties. Therefore, the article concludes to consider «grant competition» as a special procedure for the conclusion of a contract.

Special attention is focused on the contractual settlement of the grant and the need to determine essential terms of the contract in the grant competition announcement. The article indicates that with announcing a grant competition, the benefactor address with an informational offer to conclude an agreement on certain conditions. That is why the essential terms of the agreement must be indicated in the announcement of the competition. The result of the competition is the conclusion of the grant contract with the winner of the competition. Besides, the article considered, that based on the study of the legal essence of contracts, the provision of grants and targeted irrevocable financial assistance, by their nature they are donation agreements.

Key words: grant competition, grant, benefactor, public promise of a reward, essential terms of the contract.
POSSIBILIDADE DE CRIAÇÃO DE ATOS DE ESCREVER COM FUNÇÃO SOCIAL
Authors: Kohle Érika Christina
Published: March 2023

Este capítulo demonstra que o ensino de enunciados por meio de atos de escrever com função social possibilita o surgimento da necessidade dessa criação valorizadora dos sujeitos e motivadora à realização de tais atos. Essa temática foi objeto de pesquisa realizada com o objetivo de compreender os processos de apropriação e de objetivação de gêneros do enunciado por crianças do sexto ano do Ensino Fundamental de um projeto de recuperação e reforço, desenvolvidos com base em abordagem dialógica acerca do ensino da linguagem, a partir de três estratégias: (1) promover o ensino da linguagem por meio dos gêneros do enunciado, (2) criar condições motivadoras para os alunos se apropriarem de atos de escrever, (3) trabalhar a criação de enunciados com função social. Metodologia - O capítulo traz para a discussão propostas de trabalho desenvolvidas com os sujeitos da pesquisa, lançando mão de referencial teórico que considera os estudos de Bakhtin, de Volóchinov e de alguns autores da Teoria Histórico-Cultural, admitindo que o diálogo entre esses estudos proporciona uma visão dinâmica da linguagem e oferece elementos que dão sustentação ao trabalho com gêneros do enunciado em situação de uso social. Resultados: Os dados revelam que, a partir da produção de enunciados inseridos numa situação extra verbal, os escolares sentem-se mais motivados a envolverem-se em atos de escrever. Conclusão: o desenvolvimento de suas capacidades linguísticas permitiu as crianças a realização de atos de escrever sempre que for necessário tanto em sua vida escolar como em sua vida extraescolar.
FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES: O PAPEL DO CURSO DE PEDAGOGIA NA FORMAÇÃO INICIAL DE PROFESSORES DA UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DO TOCANTINS/UNITINS – CAMPUS ARAGUATINS.
Authors: Bomfim Paulo Cesar Romão , Marinho Sergio Mendes de Almeida
Published: March 2023

Este artigo discute as principais questões que as pesquisas atuais têm levantado sobre a formação de professores e traz reflexões a respeito das demandas da escolarização na contemporaneidade. Aborda a formação de professores no contexto da Unitins câmpus Araguatins; tendo por objetivo investigar o papel da pedagogia na formação inicial de professores e a percepção dos acadêmicos a respeito de sua formação. Para contextualizar, traz em seu referencial teórico considerações sobre as origens da educação formal em seu contexto histórico; Políticas públicas e formação de professores; Discute o papel do curso de Pedagogia; Traz ainda um panorama do curso e as características dos licenciandos. Esse último aspecto, foi tratado com base em uma pesquisa realizada no PPC do curso e com a aplicação de questionários com os acadêmicos matriculados no primeiro semestre de 2020. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que a percepção dos discentes no que tange a sua formação é significadamente positiva. E que as disciplinas da ementa estão, em sua grande maioria, voltadas para a construção de conhecimentos relativos à formação profissional especifica, sem deixar de lado os fundamentos teóricos da educação, os sistemas educacionais às modalidades e níveis de ensino.
DIALÉTICA DO TRABALHO E PRODUÇÃO AVÍCOLA EM COMUNIDADES CAMPONESAS DO MUNICÍPIO DE IRARÁ/BA: O ESPAÇO AGRÁRIO EM QUESTÃO
Authors: Alcântara Andreia Silva De
Published: March 2023

O artigo busca compreender a inserção de empresas avícola no espaço rural do município de Irará e a divisão do trabalho na unidade camponesa, na dinâmica do sistema de integração. No município de Irará, a produção de galinha caipira faz parte do ciclo produtivo do camponês, onde é produzido o frango in natura em estabelecimentos semi artesanais para autoconsumo e para a venda direta na feira livre. O método adotado como instrumento de mediação da pesquisa é o materialista histórico dialético. Este estudo resultou do trabalho de dissertação intitulado: Agricultura Camponesa e a Produção do Espaço Agrário no Município de Irará, defendido na Universidade Federal da Bahia em 2017. Resultados: É na unidade camponesa que a agroindústria vislumbra a possibilidade da incorporação de novas formas de exploração do trabalho através do sistema de integração. O sistema de produção integrado é uma chamada “parceria” realizada através de contrato entre o camponês e a empresa avícola. Conclusão: Esse sistema de parceria é resultado da modernização do campo e a mecanização da agricultura, onde se manifesta relações de dependência e subordinação dos camponeses ao capital seja, no acesso ao crédito, na comercialização por meio dos atravessadores ou no sistema de integração.
CENTRO HISTÓRICO DE MANAUS: IDENTIDADE ARQUITETÔNICA E COMÉRCIO TURÍSTICO
Authors: RIBEIRO B. P. , BARROS D. A. B. , PINHO K. S. , CARVALHO V. E. M.
Published: March 2023

O artigo apresenta uma análise sobre o turismo na Praça do Largo São Sebastião em Manaus-AM com turistas advindos de outros países e estados do Brasil, no período de novembro de 2022, sob concepção arquitetônica e comercial deste patrimônio histórico. A pesquisa visa identificar e analisar a motivação das visitas dos turistas ao centro histórico manauara, além de compreender os fatores que fomentam a visita à cidade, o pensamento do turista antes e depois de vivenciar o local e as diferenças na sua concepção entre a cidade e o seu local de origem. Os instrumentos utilizados na coleta de dados foram realizados por meio do levantamento bibliográfico em periódicos da Universidade Federal (UFAM) e Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), documentos históricos do Estado do Amazonas e da Prefeitura de Manaus e a aplicação de entrevista estruturada a fim de responder os objetivos da pesquisa.
ATENDIMENTO PSICOLÓGICO ONLINE DURANTE A PANDEMIA: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Soares Antonia Viana , Gusmão Estefânea Élida da Silva , Rodrigues Tayronne de Almeida , Neto João Leandro
Published: March 2023

Em fevereiro de 2020 teve início uma pandemia onde todas as profissões foram afetadas de algum modo. Com o início do isolamento social, os profissionais da Psicologia e de todas as outras profissões tiveram que se reinventar para que pudessem continuar trabalhando em casa, por conta do isolamento social causado pelo novo coronavírus. Diante disso, tivemos que buscar alternativas e estratégias que pudessem auxiliar nesse novo contexto pandêmico. O presente estudo tem como proposta principal, discorrer sobre as dificuldades encontradas pelos profissionais de psicologia, identificar quais as implicações na relação paciente e terapeuta na modalidade de atendimento online, apresentar as similaridades entre o atendimento online e presencial e, descrever a importância do atendimento psicológico online em tempos de pandemia. A pesquisa é bibliográfica e para o levantamento das informações foi realizada uma busca por artigos que abordassem o tema. Os resultados obtidos apontam tanto aspectos positivos como negativos nessa modalidade de atendimento e, de acordo com os resultados da pesquisa, a principal dificuldade dos profissionais foi o manejo das ferramentas tecnológicas para a realização dos atendimentos de forma remota.
Why we need a multilateralism that works and what is the role of the BRICS: lessons from the recent Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Petrone Francesco
Published: March 2023

After the dramatic event which humanity has experienced, the Covid-19 pandemic, innumerable questions arise concerning the future of the international system. The pandemic highlighted many contradictions within this system: first of all, the logic of divisions covered by the dichotomy “the West and the rest” has proved to be obsolete as it often generated conflicting positions on the issues that concern the whole humanity, such as the distribution of vaccines. It has also demonstrated the need to seek out ways to improve cooperation and design effective multilateral policies, especially given the other global challenges, many of which will require swift action: we primarily refer to the climate change and, more generally, to the reform of global governance (GG) towards a more democratic system. In this context, the role of the BRICS is fundamental for several reasons. First, the BRICS have repeatedly demanded greater democratization of GG, and their actions seem to be aimed at creating more inclusive decision-making processes in international forums, such as the United Nations and the G20. Furthermore, the BRICS are a group of countries fighting for greater multilateralism, especially at the financial level. Finally, owing to their economic and political weight and the size of the population, the BRICS countries are crucial for building the foundations of the future, more inclusive, international relations as they may guarantee the multilateral character of the reformed GG. As a group, they represent a sustainable partnership that has great potential for laying the foundations of a different type of global architecture. In this paper we discuss the strategic role that the BRICS could play in the future of multilateralism despite the existing limitations. We do this through the lens of the global development theory that shows the importance of sharing common practices and narratives and overcoming divergences between the global North and South, especially in a post-Covid perspective.
Conflits et développement financier en Afrique subsaharienne
Authors: Gandjon Fankem Gislain Stéphane , Kamdem Yeyouomo Aurelien
Published: March 2023

Dans cet article, nous étudions l’influence des conflits sur le développement financier à partir d’un échantillon de pays d’Afrique subsaharienne (ASS). Nous considérons tous les types de conflits (internes et externes) et retenons une définition non restrictive du développement financier. Les estimations sont effectuées par la Méthode des Moments Généralisés (GMM) en système à deux étapes. Sur la période 1984-2013, nos résultats montrent qu’en ASS, le niveau de développement financier est une fonction décroissante des conflits ; qu’ils soient internes, externes ou généraux. Nos résultats, qui ne dépendent pas du choix des indicateurs de développement financier et de conflits, sont robustes à l’ouverture financière « de jure » et de « facto », à l’hétérogénéité ethnique, aux unions monétaires et accords commerciaux régionaux ainsi qu’à l’hypothèse de Rajan et Zingales [2003]. Ils semblent suggérer que la réduction des conflits, en plus de ses objectifs humanitaires, est également cruciale pour le progrès économique. Classification JEL. F51, H56, G21, N47, P51
Responsabilité sociale des entreprises et présence d’investisseurs étrangers dans un duopole mixte
Authors: Sylvain Ouattara Kadohognon , Wang Yongying
Published: March 2023

Cet article étudie comment la présence d’investisseurs étrangers dans le capital d’une firme privée modifie le niveau optimal de responsabilité sociale des entreprises (RSE) dans un duopole mixte (entreprise publique et entreprise privée). Les propriétaires de la firme privée ont la possibilité d’offrir à leur manager des incitations en matière de responsabilité sociale. Les modes de concurrence en quantité (Cournot) et en prix (Bertrand) sont analysés. Nous montrons que la firme privée a toujours intérêt à s’engager dans la RSE lorsque la concurrence entre les firmes est moins intense (Cournot). A contrario , dans les situations où la concurrence est plus intense (Bertrand), la firme privée adopte une stratégie d’irresponsabilité sociale (IrSE). De plus, la présente d’investisseurs étrangers conduit à une baisse du niveau de RSE lorsque la concurrence est moins intense, alors que cette présence permet de limiter les pratiques irresponsables si la concurrence est forte. Par ailleurs, comparé à la RSE, l’IrSE est une stratégie qui est plus profitable pour la firme privée, mais elle conduit à une baisse du bien-être social. Classification JEL. L13, M14, F21, D21, L32
An artificial neural network approach for a class of time-fractional diffusion and diffusion-wave equations
Authors: Ye Yinlin , Fan Hongtao , Li Yajing , Huang Ao , He Weiheng
Published: March 2023

In this paper, the artificial neural network method is applied to solve the time-fractional diffusion and diffusion-wave equations. This method combines Taylor series and neural network method, and uses the terms of different power terms of Taylor series as neurons. An error function is given to update the weights of the proposed neural network. In addition, in order to balance the contributions of different error terms in the error function, we propose an adaptive weight adjustment method. In the end, four numerical examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed method in solving the time-fractional diffusion and diffusion-wave equations.
It/He/They/She: On Pronoun Norms for All, Human and Nonhuman
Authors: Fischer Bob , Spiehler Alyse
Published: March 2023

Many people in animal studies favor the use of gendered pronouns for nonhuman animals, even in cases where the animal’s sex is unknown. By contrast, many people in gender studies favor the use of the default singular they for humans. Our aim is to show that the most obvious ways of fitting these pronoun norm proposals together—a hybrid option (“he”/“she” for animals, “they” for humans) and a uniform one (i.e., default to the singular they when gender identity is unknown, regardless of species)—have serious costs. Animal advocates will worry that the hybrid approach marks animals as fundamentally different from human beings, while advocates for gender justice will worry that preserving gendered pronouns for animals will also preserve gender essentialism. However, switching to a universal default singular they—that is, where we use “they” for all individuals, both human and nonhuman—may set back animals’ interest in being seen as sentient individuals. Our aim is not to defend a solution to this problem, but simply to argue that this is a problem that deserves consideration when assessing candidate pronoun norms.
Microstructure Analysis of Progressive Secondary AlSi7Mg0.6 Alloy with Higher Fe Content Using Electron Metallography Techniques
Authors: Pastierovičová Lucia , Kuchariková Lenka , Tillová Eva , Chalupová Mária
Published: March 2023

This article investigates the effect of the higher Fe content on the formation of brittle Fe-rich needle-like phases in heat-treated secondary AlSi7Mg0.6 cast alloy. These secondary-recycled alloys contain an increased amount of impurities due to remelting of scrap. The common unwanted impurity found in these alloys is Fe. Its higher content negatively affects the structure and mechanical properties. Fe has low solubility in Al-alloys thus forming unwanted intermetallic phases such as β-Al5FeSi. Fe cannot be removed in the foundry conditions, so its content is reduced to an acceptable limit. One of the possibilities to eliminate the negative effect of high Fe content on the structure and mechanical properties is heat treatment. Heat treatment influences the size and morphology of structural components, which leads to a finer structure and thus better mechanical properties. Therefore, this study is focused on the changes in structure depending on the Fe content influenced by heat treatment applied to the secondary AlSi7Mg0.6 alloy with higher Fe content and evaluation using a scanning electron microscope, including methods of EDX analysis, and methods of deep etching.
Development of Acoustic and Thermal Insulation Materials from Pantyhose Waste
Authors: Kucukali-Ozturk Merve , Sezgin Hande , Yalçın Eniş Ipek , Dolu Cem
Published: March 2023

Population growth, urbanization, industrialization, developing technology, increasing welfare level and changing consumption habits cause solid wastes to increase day by day. There are also sub-waste groups that have not yet been fully recognized among the solid waste groups in which textile wastes have a large share. One of them is pantyhose, which has been indispensable for modern life since the day it was presented to the consumer. These socks, which are made of polyamide and elastane fibers that are easily punctured, run and become unusable when worn once or several times, are generally thrown away after use. These pantyhose wastes, which are not biodegradable due to their raw materials, also pose an environmental risk. Within the scope of the study, thermal and sound insulation properties of carded and needle-punched pantyhose wastes are investigated. The results show that the thermal and acoustic properties of the developed material are at a sufficient level, and it has ensured that polyamide wastes, which have superior properties among thermoplastic polymers and have high economic value, are brought back into the economy.
Potential Construction Applications of Sustainable 3D Printed Elements Made from Plastic Waste
Authors: Zaneldin Essam , Ahmed Waleed , Alharbi Noura , Alkaabi Rahma , Alnuaimi Mariam
Published: March 2023

Construction projects are often challenged by tight budgets and limited resources. Contractors are looking for ways to become competitive by using methods and materials that are sustainable and cost-effective. Using sustainable 3D printing to produce cost-effective construction elements is becoming a feasible option to make contractors more competitive locally and globally. Along this line, contractors are attempting to improve production skills to satisfy certain specifications and standards while keeping costs within competitive ranges. The aim of this research is to investigate the production process capability of 3D printers using fused deposition modelling (FDM) to produce 3D-printed sustainable parts made from plastic waste for the use in the construction of buildings with different infill structures and internal designs. The production capabilities and requirements of FDM printers were first examined and possible applications in construction are then presented. The outcome of this study indicates that 3D-printers can be used to produce parts made from plastic waste using FDM printers. These parts are sustainable and less expensive as compared to some traditional non-load bearing construction elements such as lightweight concrete hollow blocks and lightweight concrete bricks since they are less expensive and have higher compressive strength. However, it is not feasible to use 3D printed material from plastic waste as an alternative for gypsum board drywalls since it is more expensive; however, it might be considered as an alternative since it provides a higher compressive strength.
Influence of Filler Concentration on the Mechanical Properties of a Polymer Composite
Authors: Barakhtin B.K. , Sedletsky R. , Perevislov S.N. , Bobyr V. , Zhukov A.S.
Published: March 2023

The results of a study of carbon fiber-filled samples with an epoxy amine-cured matrix are presented. Independent quasi-periodic oscillations of the density and Young's modulus were recorded for the first time, against the backdrop of a monotonic increase in the strength of the samples. The probable causes of the appearance of the vibrational kinetics of the physico-mechanical parameters of the composite are determined depending on the content of the filler in the reaction volume of constant magnitude.
The Effect of the Dispersion Nickel Slag Additive on the Strength of Ceramic Bricks
Authors: Gurieva Victoria A. , Ilyina Anastasia A.
Published: March 2023

The influence of the dispersion of the nickel slag additive on the strength of ceramic bricks based on low-melting clay of the Khalilovsky deposit in the Orenburg region and nickel slag from the dumps of OJSC "Combine Yuzhuralnickel" (Orenburg region) is considered. The study involves assessing the effect of the preparation method, the dispersion of the additive (nickel slag) on the microstructure of the finished samples. Using modern research methods with the involvement of high-tech equipment, the micro-and macrostructure of ceramic samples with the addition of slag in an amount of 5–60% is considered. The structure of the synthesized samples is studied by the method of mercury porosimetry depending on the percentage ratio of clay / slag and the fineness of grinding of the nickel slag additive. The data on the influence of the material composition of the clay / slag charge, the dispersity of the additive and the firing temperature on the strength of the prototypes are given, and an assessment is made of the technological feasibility of increasing the dispersion of the raw materials used.
Intorduction
Research Trends on Green Roof Applications and Materials in Green Buildings
Authors: Hamid Hadhirra Nurdiana Abdul , Romali Noor Suraya , Rahman Rahimi Abdul
Published: March 2023

Green roof is a vegetated roof system to minimize the negative impacts of urbanization. This systematic review focuses on trends in green roof applications and materials for green buildings published between 2000 and 2022, using the PRISMA method. The database search was conducted using Scopus, obtaining 90 relevant articles. The articles were categorized based on the green roof applications (hydrological performance, stormwater quality, and urban heat island (UHI)) and the materials used, yielding 45 articles each on commercial materials and recycled waste. The highest number of articles were published in the “Journal of Building Engineering.” Between 2012 and 2022, it is observed that recycled waste was the most widely researched material within the published literature. Research interest in utilizing recycled waste material for green buildings has substantially increased. The use of waste material for green buildings shows a promising advancement in improving stormwater management i.e., in hydrological performance and quality, as well as reducing UHI.
Studies of Dielectric Characteristics of Polymer Films in a High-Frequency Electromagnetic Field
Authors: Rakhmatullina R.G. , Yarmuhametova G.U. , Maskova A.R.
Published: March 2023

Establishing the relationship between the structure of solids, on the one hand, and macroscopic physical properties, on the other, makes it possible to obtain detailed information about the structure and nature of interactions in the system involved. The solution to this problem makes it possible to formulate recommendations for the creation of materials with specified properties. In this work, much attention is paid to polymer films of syndiotactic 1,2-polybutadiene (1,2-SPB). The properties of polymer films differ from the properties of bulk materials of the same chemical composition as films. The polymer (1,2-SPB) has an amorphous, irregular structure and, due to its significant irregular structure and makeup, has important electrical, physical and chemical properties. Its physical properties make this polymer promising for use in various fields of mechanical engineering, agriculture, construction, and healthcare. The paper reports the results of a study of relaxation processes by the method of thermoactivation spectroscopy of a relatively new polymer - syndiotactic 1,2-polybutadiene. The mechanisms of deformation and relaxation polarization are described and studied in detail. A technique for preparing samples and processing the experimental results of the dielectric characteristics of polymer films are described. Dielectric measurements were performed using a standard R-571 bridge. Experimental temperature dependences of dielectric constant, dielectric loss factor and loss tangent before and after exposure to a high-frequency electromagnetic field are shown. An atomic force microscopy (AFM) survey of a 1,2-SPB polymer film is presented. Particle analysis by AFM provides a unique opportunity to determine the size and shape of particles.
Predicting the Climatic Resistance of the Material and the Durability of the Structural Elements of the Composite Tower of the Power Line
Authors: Fedorov Yu.Yu. , Vasiliev S.V. , Savvina A.V.
Published: March 2023

Comparative analysis of two models for predicting residual resource of polymer composite, one proposed by specialists from RS Technologies Inc and the other proposed by Institute of Oil and Gas Problems SB RAS (Russia), was carried out to obtain service life of composite poles for power transmission lines manufactured by RS Technologies Inc (Canada) for cold climate of Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Models are based on experimental studies of strength of materials during accelerated and full-scale climatic tests. The difference lies in the presence of parameters of climatic zone and test methods in the first model, while the second model considers changes in physical and mechanical properties and structure of materials during aging under conditions of full-scale exposure and accelerated climatic tests. Comparison of results of predicting the durability of fiberglass products in cold climate of Yakutsk (Russia) according to Institute of Oil and Gas Problems SB RAS model and similar products in Calgary (Canada) climate (the closest in terms of climate conditions) according to RS Technologies Inc model showed the same results. Service life of composite support material was approximately 120 years with specified level of permissible decrease in characteristic property index of 75% of the original.
Increasing Sedimentation Stability of Cement-Mineral Suspensions by Adding the Hydroxyl-Containing Water-Soluble Polymers
Authors: Vavrenyuk S.V. , Vavrenyuk V.G. , Farafonov A.E.
Published: March 2023

There are the results of studies on increasing the sedimentation stability of cement-mineral suspensions intended to fill hollow spaces in fractured rocky soils and strengthen dispersed soils, as well as to prevent filtration processes in soils.To ensure the sedimentation stability of cement-mineral suspensions, it is proposed to use the water solutions of hydroxyl-containing polymers prone to swelling as a dispersion medium (mixing water): water solutions of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in 4% - 8% concentration. The concentration range of polymer solution from 4% to 8% was established in order to prevent coagulation during storage and to ensure the production of polymer films from water PVA solutions.The research results showed that polyvinyl alcohol provides the high kinetic sedimentation stability of cement-mineral systems determined by hydrodynamic factors as follows: the viscosity and density of the water polymer solution. The higher the viscosity and density of the water solution of polyvinyl alcohol (concentration), the higher the sedimentation stability of cement-mineral suspensions.
Mathematical Modeling in Studying the Electrophysical Properties of Syndiotactic 1,2-Polybutadiene
Authors: Rakhmatullina R.G. , Maskova A.R. , Yarmuhametova G.U.
Published: March 2023

In order to expand the possibilities of practical application of polymeric materials we studied syndiotactic 1,2-polybutadiene (1,2-SPB). The experimental procedure and the MV-002 device for determining the breakdown voltage and electrical breakdown of a polymer are described in detail. Mathematical models of the dependence of the breakdown voltage of the polymer on the frequency and magnitude of the electrical breakdown of the polymer on the thickness of the sample have been built and studied. Regression analysis was used for mathematical data processing. The reliability of the results obtained is proved by the methods of test statistics.
Thermal and Flammability Properties of Flame Retardant Phase Change Material for Buildings Applications
Authors: Alkhazaleh Awni H.
Published: March 2023

Phase Change Materials (PCMs) have attracted growing attention recently in the renewable energy utilization and building energy efficiency due to their high capacity for storing thermal energy but their applications have been restricted by leakage, poor thermal conductivity, and high flammability. In this work, the flame retardant phase change material has been successfully prepared through integrating Resorcinol bis (diphenyl phosphate) (RDP) as a flame retardant into lauric acid (LA) as a phase change material. The DSC (differential scanning calorimeter) test is used to measure the thermal properties of LA_RDP. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) test demonstrates that the thermal stability of composite LA_RDP is improved. Cone calorimeter is applied to study the flammability properties of the flame retardant phase change material. As a result, the RDP-based flame-retardant PCMs developed could be used for safe and efficient solar energy storage applications.
Unusual “cardiac” cause of hemoptysis
Authors: Dogra Neeti , Singla Karan , Kajal Kamal , Mahajan Sachin , Biswas Indranil
Published: March 2023

Hemoptysis is a common presenting feature of tuberculosis, pulmonary parenchymal malignancy, bronchiectasis, or a cardiac pathology as mitral stenosis. Relevant clinical history, physical examination, laboratory investigations, and radiology usually identify the cause of hemoptysis in the majority of the cases. We report a case of a 50-year-old male with intermittent hemoptysis which was the presenting feature of accessory cardiac bronchus.
A rare case of vena cava leiomyoma
Authors: Sánchez Gabriel H , Abello Mauricio , Osorio Enrique J , Muriel Juan F
Published: March 2023

Intravascular leiomyoma is an uncommon disease and depending of vascular involvement and anesthetic challenge. We review a case of a 53-year-old woman who underwent vena cava leiomyoma resection under cardiopulmonary bypass using deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA). Invasive hemodynamic and neurologic monitoring, transesophageal echocardiography, and viscoelastic coagulation test were used during the procedure. Total surgical resection was accomplished with no complications and the patient was extubated 2 days after surgery without cardiac or neurologic deficit. Although uncommon, level IV intravascular leiomyoma surgery is a challenge because the total resection needs DHCA, prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross-clamp times. These conditions expose the patient to the risk of coagulopathy, low cardiac output syndrome, and neurologic deficit.
Comparison of efficacy of two different doses of tranexamic acid in prevention of post operative blood loss in patients with congenital cyanotic heart disease undergoing cardiac surgery
Authors: Madathil Thushara , Balachandran Rakhi , Kottayil Brijesh P , Sundaram K R , Nair Suresh G
Published: March 2023

Background:

The optimal dose of tranexamic acid in minimizing perioperative bleeding is uncertain. We compared efficacy of two different doses of tranexamic acid in reducing post-operative blood loss and its side effects in patients with congenital cyanotic heart disease undergoing cardiac surgery.

Settings and Design:

Prospective observational study at a pediatric cardiac center in South India.

Methods:

Consecutive cyanotic patients undergoing cardiac surgery were divided into groups I and II to receive either 10 mg/kg or 25 mg/kg of tranexamic acid administered as triple dose regime after induction, during cardiopulmonary bypass, and after protamine. Post-operative blood loss at 24 hours, blood component utilization, incidence of renal dysfunction and seizures were compared.

Results:

Totally, 124 patients were recruited, 62 in each group. The pre-operative variables and cardiopulmonary bypass time were comparable. Patients receiving 25 mg/kg had lower post-operative blood loss compared to patients in lower dose group (8.04 ± 8.89 vs 12.41 ± 19.23 ml/kg/24 hours, P = 0.03). There was no difference in the transfused volume of packed red cells (9.21 ± 7.13 ml/kg vs 12.41 ± 9.23 ml/kg, P = 0.712), fresh frozen plasma (13.91 ± 13.38 ml/kg vs 11.02 ± 8.04 ml/kg, P = 0.19), platelets (9.03 ± 6.76 ml/kg vs 10.90 ± 6.9 ml/kg, P = 0.14) or cryoprecipitate (0.66 ± 0.59 ml/kg vs 0.53 ± 0.54 ml/kg, P = 0.5) in group II and I, respectively. Two patients developed renal dysfunction secondary to low cardiac output in lower dose group. There were no seizures.

Conclusions:

Tranexamic acid administered at a dose of 25 mg/kg as triple dose regime is associated with lower post-operative blood loss compared to a lower dose of 10 mg/kg in cyanotic patients undergoing cardiac surgery without causing major adverse effects.
Anesthetic Management of Right Brachiocephalic Artery Aneurysm Causing Tracheal Compression
Authors: Arora Varun , Shah Ritesh , Patel Hashmukh , Wadhawa Vivek
Published: March 2023

The airway compression poses a challenge for the anesthesiologist in airway management during aneurysm repair surgery.