bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PROCESSING METHODS ON THE NUTRITIVE VALUES OF MALTED SORGHUM SPROUT (MSP)
Authors: SAKA A. A. , SOWANDE O. S. , OGUNSAKIN A. O. , ADEKUNJO R. K. , LAWRENCE-AZUA O. O.
Published: December 2024

The study was designed to investigate the effect of different processing methods on the nutritive value of malted sorghum sprout (MSP). The MSP was divided into three parts: raw (RMSP), alkaline (wood ash) treated (AMSP) and fermented (FMSP). The proximate composition, fibre fraction and the mineral contents were determined and all data obtained were subjected to one way analysis of variance. Results revealed that the observed values were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the processing methods. The highest dry matter (82.34%), ether extract (1.76%), ash (15.52%), neutral detergent fibre (63.00%) and hemicellulose (39.00%) values were recorded in FMSP. Fermentation and alkaline treatments reduced the crude protein while it increased the ether extract and nitrogen free extract of the MSP. Ash had the highest percentage value in fermented malted sorghum sprout (FMSP) and the lowest in raw malted sorghum sprout (RMSP). The concentration (g/kg) of calcium (14.45) and phosphorus (67.92) and potassium (6.59 g/kg) were significantly (P<0.05) highest in FMSP. The concentration (mg/kg) of iron (947.50) and copper (21.50) observed in AMSP were significantly higher (P<0.05) than the values obtained in FMSP followed by RMSP. It was observed that fermentation and alkaline treatment employed reduced zinc concentration values. It can be concluded that fermentation processing method used in this study presented the best results in terms of the chemical and mineral composition values.
EFFECTS OF Gliricidia sepium AND NEEM LEAVES SUPPLEMENTATION ON NITROGEN METABOLISM IN SHEEP
Authors: SHEGUN P. A. , OGBEIDE F. O. , EDOBOR A. E. , OKORUWA M. I. , IKHIMIOYA I.
Published: December 2024

The effects of Gliricidia sepium and neem tree leaves supplementation on nitrogen metabolism were determined in sheep. A total of twelve (12) ewe-lambs with mean weight of 7.00 ± 0.65kg were allotted to three dietary treatments with four (4) animals per treatment in a completely randomised design. Dietary treatments comprised; 1(50% guinea grass + 20% Gliricidia sepium foliage +30% concentrate diet which served as control group), 2(45% guinea grass + 25% Gliricidia sepium foliage +30% concentrate diet) and 3(40% guinea grass + 30% Gliricidia sepium foliage + 30% concentrate diet). Animals in treatment diets 2 and 3 received 3 and 6 grams of neem leaves meal per animal per day as supplement respectively. The results showed that ewe-lambs on Diet I had higher (P < 0.05) faecal and total nitrogen output (4.33 & 5.21g/day respectively) than those on Diet 2 or 3. Nitrogen intake (20.93g/day), nitrogen balance (17.33g/day) and nitrogen retention (81.47%) were higher (P 0.05) in animals on Diet 3 compared with those on Diets 1 or 2. It can be concluded that 40% guinea grass 30% concentrate diet with 30% Gliricidia sepium foliage + 6 grams neem leaves supplementation has the potential to improve nitrogen metabolism in sheep.
ANALYSIS OF TRAINING NEEDS OF FISH FARMERS IN IKORODU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: AJALA A. O. , KOLAWOLE E. A. , OWOLABI A. O.
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the training needs of fish farmers in Ikorodu Local Government Area of Lagos State. 80 out of 150 fish farmers currently operating in the Fish Farm Estate, Ikorodu were randomly selected and data was collected with structured interview schedule. Result show that the following practices were practised by farmers in the study area: pond/vats/fibre glass/tank cleaning, water quality maintenance and management, pond fertilisation, brood stock production, spawning, fingerlings sourcing/production, disease prevention, control and management, feed formulation and production/sourcing, record keeping, fish feeding, fish processing, fish storage, fish sorting, pest and predator control, fry care, transfer and feeding, siphoning, and fish transportation. The mean age of the fish farmers was 45±13.0 years with 63.8% being male. Majority (78.8%) were married with mean family size of 4±2. Majority (82.5%) of the farmers had more than twelve years of formal education. The mean farming experience was 8±3 years with average mean income of 1.4 million naira. 58.8% of the farmers had high level of knowledge of the practices. Training was needed in seven out of the seventeen practices thus: pond/vats/fiber glass/tank cleaning, pond fertilization, record keeping, fish feeding, fish sorting, fry care, transfer and feeding, and siphoning. The major constraints to fish production are high cost of feed and lack of capital. It is recommended that training by extension agents should focus on the needs of the farmers.
HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF BROILER BIRDS FED GRADED LEVELS OF MORINGA (Moringa oleifera) LEAF MEAL
Authors: OLUKOTUN O. , MORGAN V.  O. , ISHOLA B. F. , ODIDI O. D.
Published: December 2024

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of graded levels of moringa leaf meal on the haematological profile of starter broiler birds. A total of one hundred and forty four, one week old broilers were randomly allotted to four treatment diets (D1,D2,D3 &D4) which contained) 0 g, 250 g 500 g and 750 g levels of moringa leaf meal respectively in completely randomized design. The haematological parameters were assessed at the end of five week feeding trial. Results showed that the ial did not significantly (P>0.05) affect the haemtological parameters studied except for MCV, MCH and lymphocytes that were significantly (P<0.05) affected. It was therefore concluded that inclusion of moringa leaf in the diet of starter broiler birds does not have adverse effect on the health status of the birds.
EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT PROCESSING ADDITIVES ON MICROBIAL LOADS AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY PARTERN OF GIANT AFRICAN LAND SNAIL (Archachatina marginata)
Authors: ADEWOLE A. M. , OLAJUBU F. A. , NATHANIEL O. G.
Published: December 2024

Fifteen samples of Archachatina marginata were collected from Melege village, Ose local Government area, Ondo State, Nigeria. The foot and head were analysed microbiologically for bacterial loads before and after processing with five cleansing additives: Lime, Alum, Vinegar, Salt and Ash. Lime proved most effective reagent for decontaminating snail meats, it had the highest reduction of microbial load after processing (57.1%). The mean microbial load on the head ranged between 9-22cfu/cm2 before and 4-12 cfu/cm2 after processing, while foot, ranged between 13-19 cfu/cm2 before and 8-14 cfu/cm2 after processing. Eight isolates belonging to nine genera including Micrococcus luteus [10(21.31%)] most predominant, followed by Escherichia coli [8(13.11%)], and least was Enterobacter spp [4(6.56%)] respectively. The presence of higher numbers of pathogenic Klebsiella spp and E. coli among others, encountered in A. marginata is alarming and indicates public health hazard, a warning signals for possible occurrence of food borne infection. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the bacterial isolates showed that all the bacteria isolated were susceptible to Gentamicin (GEN), only P. vulgaris and Bacillus spp are susceptible to Ceftazidime (CAZ) and Cloxacillin (CXC) respectively and all are resistant to Ampicillin (AMP).
EFFECT OF FEEDING WHOLE OR GROUND PEARL MILLET (Pennisetum glaucum) WITH OR WITHOUT ENZYME SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE NUTRIENTS' DIGESTIBILITY OF JAPANESE QUAILS (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
Authors: SABO M. N. , DURU S. , AFOLAYAN S. B.
Published: December 2024

An experiment was conducted to evaluate effect of pearl millet inclusion level, pearl millet form and enzyme supplementation of pearl millet as replacement for maize on the nutrients' digestibility of Japanese quails using 3 quails per treatment (1 quail per replicate). The quails were fasted for 24hrs and then fed for fecal collection. The faeces collected were sun dried, bulked and samples were collected for proximate analysis. Feeding whole pearl millet increased the digestibility of crude protein, ether extract and ash by laying Japanese quails. Pearl millet inclusion increased crude protein digestibility. Enzyme supplementation in pearl millet based diets did not improve their nutrient's digestibility. The results of this study showed that grinding of pearl millet or its supplementation with enzyme did not improve nutrients' digestibility of Japanese quails.
GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF HEAT STRESSED RABBITS FED DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH SYNTHETIC AND ORGANIC ANTIOXIDANTS
Authors: ANOH K. U. , BARJE P. P. , IYEGHE-ERAKPOTOBOR G. T. , AKPA G. N.
Published: December 2024

The aim of the study was to evaluate the growth performance of heat stressed rabbits fed diets supplemented with synthetic and organic antioxidants. The antioxidants used were bicarbonate buffers, vitamin C and baobab fruit pulp meal (BFPM). A total of thirty (30) growing rabbits were used. The rabbits were allotted into the treatment groups with six (6) rabbits per treatment in a completely randomized design. Rabbits in the first group (T1) were the control, animals in the treatment 2 and treatment 3 (T2) and (T3) were fed with diets as in the control and given potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) buffer solutions respectively. Rabbits in treatment four (T4) were fed diet containing synthetic vitamin C and the fifth group (Ts) was fed diet containing BFPM. Rabbits were given access to feed and water ad libitum. All recommended managerial practices were dully observed. Microclimate parameters of ambient temperature (AT) and relative humidity (RH) of the rabbitry were taken daily from February through June. The values were used to calculate temperature-humidity index (THI). It was found that vitamin C and BFPM significantly (P<0.05) enhanced feed intake compared to the treatments with buffers. It was concluded that BFPM is more effective in ameliorating heat stress in rabbit production and can be used up to 5.5% inclusion level.
NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF GRADED LEVELS OF UNRIPE PLANTAIN PEEL (MUSAPARADISCA) MEAL ON THE PERFORMANCE OF GROWING JAPANESE QUAILS (COTURNIX)
Authors: AHAOTU E. O. , NZE C. N. , AHAOTU E. O. , AMALAHU A.
Published: December 2024

A total of fifty growing quail birds of two weeks of age were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments at 0, 7.91, 15.81, 23.73 and 30.51% in a completely randomized design experiment to evaluate the effect of unripe plantain peel meals on the growth performance of growing quails. A feeding trails lasting for 42 days was carried out. Results on performance showed that the dietary treatments influenced (P<0.05) final weight, total weight gain, total feed intake, average feed intake and feed conversion ration of the quail birds with the highest total weight gain (10.11) recorded for T1 in the control diet. For total feed intake the values were 21.57, 22.60, 14.50, 4.07 and 6.00g. This study showed that incorporation of unripe plantain peel could economically replace maize at level of 30.51%; but for optimal growth performance of unripe plantain growing quail birds, feeding of UPPM at the level of 23.73% is advised.
INFLUENCE OF BLACK PEPPER (Piper nigrum) AS GROWTH PROMOTER ON PERFORMANCE OF STARTER BROILER CHICKS.
Authors: NDELEKWUTE E. K. , UZEGBU H. O. , Assam E. D. , Udorok U. E.
Published: December 2024

A feeding trial was carried out to determine the effect of black pepper as a growth promoter on performance of starter broiler chicks. 150 Abor Acre unsexed day old chicks were used in a 3 week feeding trial. Five diets were formulated which contained 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00% ground black pepper respectively. Each diet formed a treatment which was offered to a group of birds. Each treatment was replicated thrice and contained 10 birds in a completely randomized design. Birds on diets had 0.25 and 0.5 % BP improved live weight significantly (P<0.05). Feed intake was significantly (P<0.05) reduced by 1.00%. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in daily gain, feed: gain ratio and protein efficiency ratio. In conclusion, 0.25% black pepper could be added to starter broiler diet to improve performances.
NUTRIENT UTILIZATION OF JAPANESE QUAILS FED GRADED LEVELS OF BLACK SESAME SEED (Sesamum indicum L.) MEAL
Authors: OLAIYA O. D. , EDACHE J. A. , YISA A. G. , ADELOWO O. V. , BOT M. H. , AKANNI O. N.
Published: December 2024

One hundred and forty-four two weeks old Japanese quails were used for six weeks to investigated the effect of graded levels of black sesame (sesamum indicum I) seed on growth performance of Japanese quails. The quail birds were randomly grouped into four treatments of 36 quail birds per treatments. Each treatment comprised of three replicates of 12 birds in a completely randomized design. Four experimental diets were formulated with diet 1 (control) containing 0% of Black Sesamum Seed Meal (BRSSM), while diets 2, 3 and 4 contained 5, 10, and 15 inclusion levels respectively. The Sesame Seed used for the experiments were screened and winnowed to remove sand, chaff and other foreign particles before processing into feed. The result of the experiment showed that there were significant (P<0.05) differences in all the parameters measured between dietary treatments. The feed intake, weight gain of quail birds diet containing 10% BSSM was significantly (P<0.05) higher than the control and other diets. The feed intake of the birds decreased at 10% with increase in weight gain and when compared with control. 5% and 15% respectively with low feed conversion ratio. It was concluded that BRSSM can be included in quail diet without adverse effect on the growth. Keywords: Quail birds, black sesame seed meal, growth performance.
NUTRITIVE VALUE OF MUCUNA (Mucuna pruriens) SHELL MEAL IN WEANER RABBIT DIET
Authors: BAWA G. S. , LERE Y. A. , HASSAN M. R. , ABDU S. B.
Published: December 2024

The study evaluated the nutritive value of Mucuna Shell Meal (MSM) on growth performance of weaner rabbits. Five dietary treatments were formulated to contain 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% level of MSM. Thirty (30) weaner rabbits of mixed breeds and sexes were used for the experiment. They were randomly divided into 5 groups of 6 replicates, in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Results indicated significant (P<0.05) differences in growth performance. Rabbits fed diet containing 30% MSM had significantly (P<0.05) better final weight, average daily gain and feed conversion ratio compared to those on other dietary treatments. There was significant (P<0.05) difference in feed intake. Rabbits fed the 40% MSM had the highest total feed intake (2690.33g), followed by those fed 20 and 30% inclusion levels of MSM in the diet, which were similar and the least was recorded in control diet (2300.33g). A significant (P<0.05) difference was observed in feed conversion ratio. Rabbits on control and 30% MSM had similar and a better feed conversion (3.63 and 3.16. respectively), followed by 10 and 20 which were similar and poorest was in those fed 40% MSM (6.43). It was therefore concluded that Mucuna Shell Meal can be included in the diets of weaner rabbits up to 30% to improve the growth performance of the rabbits without any deleterious effect.
HAEMATOLOGY AND SERUM PROFILE OF BROILER STARTER FED GRADED LEVELS OF ROASTED PRIDE OF BARBADOS SEEDMEAL
Authors: Ogunbode A. A. , Oluokun R. A. , Orisaseyi A. O. , Adeniyi O. B. , Olowe R. A.
Published: December 2024

A study was conducted to evaluate the haematological and serum biochemical indices of broiler starter fed grade levels of pride of Barbados seed meal. Seventy-two (72) day old broiler starter were randomly assigned into four treatments. Each treatment was replicated in a completely randomized design. Four diets were formulated containing roasted pride of barbados seed meal at 0, 5, 10, and 15% respectively. Blood samples were collected from two birds per replicate for haematological and serum study. Results showed significant (P<0.05) differences for haematological and serum indices.
EFFECT OF BAOBAB LEAF MEAL (Adansonia digitata) DIETS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILTY BY GROWER RABBITS
Authors: TAMBURAWA M. S. , KASSIM I. N. , SA'IDU S. S. , NASIR M. , ZANGO M. H.
Published: December 2024

This study was conducted at Rabbitry Unit of Research Farm of the Department of Animal Science, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil to determine the effect of Baobab (Adansonia digitata) Leaf Meal (BLM) on the performance and nutrient digestibility by grower rabbits. A total of thirty (30) mongrels (Mixed breeds) grower rabbits were fed to five diets containing baobab leaf meal at 0,5 10, 15 and 20% dietary levels designated as Treatments 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. Each treatment was replicated three times. The experiment lasted 7 weeks. The results of performance showed that there were significant differences (P<0.05) in the final body weight (1491.33-1937.00g), daily weight gain (23.59-39.33g), feed intake (88.67-118.67g) and feed conversion ratio (2.75-3.79). The results of nutrients digestibilties indicated that there were significant (P<0.05) differences in the crude protein (63.33- 81.33%), crude fibre (61.32 85.00%) and ether extract (65.67 - 85.00%) digestibilties. The values crude protein and crude fibre digestibilties by rabbits were higher and better at 15% BLM diet compared to others. Based on this study, it was concluded that baobab leave meal can be incorporated in the diets of grower rabbits up to 15% without any adverse effect on the performance and nutrients digestibilties.
TRAINING ENVIRONMENT FOR RABBIT BUCKS: AN INTEGRAL REQUIREMENT IN ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY TOOL BOX
Authors: NYAM P. P. , BUTSWAT I. S. R. , KALLA D. J. U. , GOSHIT D. T.
Published: December 2024

An experiment was conducted at the Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi using 10 matured rabbit bucks with an average weight of 2.7kg which were 26weeks of age, 5each of exotic and local breeds. The bucks were managed in their cages for easy identification. The rabbits were fed ad- libitum. The trial was a 2*5 factorial design using 2 breeds and 5 replicates. The data generated were subjected to an analysis of variance (ANOVA). From the result, it was concluded that significant differences (P<0.05) between the semen harvested from the bucks in training crate and those from non-training crate or environment of previous trials in some of the seminal traits. Therefore, the use of training crates enriches the environment of the bucks and also increases convenience for the trainer to collect semen without difficulties. It is however, recommended that further study be conducted to elucidate this findings.
NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF DIFFERENTLY PROCESSED PIPER (Canavalia plagiosperma) SEEDMEAL (CPSM) IN STARTER BROILER DIET
Authors: Izukanne R. O. , ESONU B. O. , Udedibie A. B. I. , Okeudo N. J.
Published: December 2024

A feeding trial was conducted using three differently processed Canavalia plagiosperma seeds aimed at improving the nutritive value for starter broiler's ration. The meals were used to formulate seven broiler starter rations at 0 %, 10% and 20% dietary levels, respectively. Each of the seven broiler starter rations was fed to a group of 42 one week old broiler chicks for 28 days, to evaluate the performance and economic implications. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in daily feed intake, daily body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Results from this trial suggests that Canavalia plagiosperma seedmeal(CPSM) could be included in broiler starter diets up to 20 % without adverse effect if cracked, soaked in water and boiled for an hour.
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT PROCESSING METHODS OF BAMBARANUT (Vigna subterranean (L.) VERDC) ON CUT PARTS OF BROILER CHICKENS
Authors: Maidala A. , Doma U. D. , Egbo L. M. , Mohammed A. , Kallah D. J. U.
Published: December 2024

An experiment was conducted to assess the effects of differently processed banbaranut on cut parts of broiler chickens. Two hundred and fifty Anak 2000 broiler chicks were randomly allotted to five processing methods; sprouting, salt treatment, cooking and roasting with raw bambaranut as control in a completely randomized block design (CRBD). Results showed that dressed weight (82.46-87.70), chest (4.52-7.12), back (5.87-7.79), thigh (18.80-20.09) and breast (17.59-21.79)were affected by different processing methods (P<0.05). Sprouted bambaranut was more efficient in enhancing the carcass cuts of parts of broiler chickens.
PERFORMANCE AND ECONOMICS OF PRODUCTION OF BROILER CHICKS FED DIETS WITH VARYING ENERGY LEVELS
Authors: Akinmoladun O. F. , ONIBI G. E. , Lomuwagun A. T.
Published: December 2024

Three hundred and eighty-four unsexed Anak broiler chicks raised from day-old to 28days of age were used to evaluate the effects of different dietary energy levels on their performance. The experiment was of a completely randomized design (CRD). The diets were isonitrogenous. There were 3 dietary energy treatments (2786.80, 3015.40 and 3252.20 kcal/kg) and 4 replicates per treatment with 32 chicks per replicate. Birds were randomly selected for performance evaluation. The feed intake and live weight of the birds were determined weekly. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance. The final weight gained, total weight gained, average weight gained and FCR were significantly influenced (P<0.05) with chicks fed HES diet showing optimum performance. The results, however, indicated that the cost of feed per unit weight gain was lowest in High energy diet followed by Optimum and Low energy diets respectively.
AN EVALUATION OF THE HEAMATOLOGY AND APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY OF BROILER CHICKEN FED SOAKED AND BOILED MANGO SEED KERNEL MEAL
Authors: ABDULLAHI L. , TEGBE T. S. B. , ANOH K. U. , LAWAL M. A. , SAMUEL F. U. , IDACHABA C. U.
Published: December 2024

This study was design to carry out the evaluation of the heamatology and apparent digestibility of broiler chicken fed soaked and boiled mango seed kernel. A total of two hundred and ten (210) four to five weeks old birds were used for this study. There were five treatments and three replicates, each replicate having 14 birds in a completely randomized design. The birds were housed in pens under the deep litter system. Routine medications were administered. The birds were also fed diets containing 25% of soaked and boiled mango seed kernel meal (MSKM). The result showed no significant difference in all the haematological parameters analyzed for, the values were within the normal range for broilers chicken. Results of apparent digestibility of broiler finisher fed mango seed kernel meal showed no significant differences in all the parameters monitored. Values of the dry matter were higher in all the treatments except the treatment (TS) with boiled mixed samples of mango seed. This study revealed that 25% of broiler diet can be replaced with MSKM processed by boiling and soaking without adverse effect.
INTAKE AND NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY IN SHEEP FED SOME SEMI-ARID BROWSE PLANTS
Authors: IBRAHIM H. , ABBATOR F.
Published: December 2024

The study was conducted to determine the intake and nutrient digestibility in sheep fed dried leaves of four browse plants. Four sheep of mixed breed (Uda and Yankasa) weighing an average of 28.4kg each were used for the study. The treatments are Ziziphus mauritania (A), Balanites aegyotica (B). Ficus sycomorus (C), and Celtis integrifolia (D). The animals were weighed and randomly allocated to four treatments in a 4x4 Latin square design with four periods. Each period lasted for three weeks. The dry matter and crude protein content of the treatments range from 92.2% to 95.6% and 12.78% to 17.33%, respectively. The crude fibre content ranged from 25.0% to 30.5% while the ether extract content ranged from 2.0% to 3.0%. Nutrient digestibility ranged from 58.13% to 65.17%, 72.37% to 94.18% and 52.71% to 64.90% for dry matter, crude protein and crude fibre, respectively. Dry matter intake for treatment D was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of treatments A and C. There was no significant different in crude fiber digestibility of treatments A and B. The results from this study indicated that browse plants used have high nutritional value and therefore could serve as supplementary feed especially during the dry season in the semi-arid zone where dry grass and crops residues are the only available feed resources.
GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND COST BENEFITS OF FEEDING GROWING PIGS WITH CASSAVA PEEL MEAL-BASED DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH A COMMERCIAL ENZYME
Authors: Adeyemi O. M. , Irekhore O. T. , Idowu O. M. O. , Akinola O. S. , Bello K. O.
Published: December 2024

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing maize with cassava peel meal (CPM) supplemented with a commercial enzyme, on the growth performance and cost benefits of growing pigs. Twenty-four growing pigs with average weight of 14.0 ± 0.25 kg were allotted to 6 dietary treatments, where CPM replaced maize at 0, 50 and 100% levels with enzyme supplementation at 0g/100kg and 20g/100kg of diet. Each treatment was replicated 4 times while the experiment lasted 8 weeks. Data were collected on daily feed intake (DFI), daily weight gain (DWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed cost/weight gain and feed cost/day. The CPM based diets gave comparable (P>0.05) pigs' growth performance especially in terms of DWG (0.32 -0.40) and FCR (3.13-4.03) as did the maize based diets. Feed cost/day (70.35-N98.01) as well as feed cost/weight gain (N195.33-N244.65) reduced insignificantly (P>0.05) with inclusion of CPM in the diets of the pigs. Enzyme supplementation of diets did not influence (P>0.05) pigs' growth performance and cost benefit. Cassava peel meal can totally replace maize without enzyme supplementation in the diets of growing pigs to reduce cost with optimal performance.
EFFECT OF DURATION OF STEAM-BOILED CASTOR BEAN CAKE ON PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS
Authors: Kpanja E. J. , Omage J.  J. , Bawa G. S. , Abdullahi L. , Idachaba C. U.
Published: December 2024

The effect of duration of steam-boiled castor bean cake on the performance of broiler chickens was investigated. Castor bean cake was steam boiled for 0, 30, 40, 50 and 60 minutes respectively for treatments one to five and included at 15% in their diets. Apart from the control diet which had no inclusion of castor bean cake, birds fed diets with castor bean cake steam boiled for 30 minutes showed the best results in average daily weight gain, feed intake, feed to gain ratio and feed cost per kilogram weight gain. The declined performance with increasing durations of steam boiled castor bean cake was attributed to possible compromise of the protein quality. The study therefore concluded that castor bean cake can supplement other protein sources in broiler diets at 15% inclusion level if it is steam boiled for 30 minutes. Further steaming of castor bean cake beyond 30 minutes is not productive as it may alter the protein quality.
GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND LIPID PROFILE OF Achatina achatina SNAILS FED VARYING LEVELS OF Moringa oleifera LEAF MEAL
Authors: UDEH F. U. , UDEH V. C.
Published: December 2024

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding varying levels of Moringaolifera leaf meal (MOLM) on the growth performance and lipid profile of Achatinaachatina species of snails. A total of one hundred and twenty snailets with initial average weight of 9.71-10.29g were randomly assigned into five dietary treatments TO, T1, T2, T3 and T4 containing 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% dietary inclusion of dried MOLM respectively. The snailets were randomly assigned to five treatment groups of 24 snails and replicated three times with eight snailets per replicate in a completely randomized design (CRD). Feed and water were supplied ad libitum to the snails throughout the 8 weeks experimental period. The response parameters evaluated were body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, shell length, shell width and lipid profile of the snail meat. Results showed that snails on treatment four recorded the highest (P<0.05) final body weight (27.95g), average daily weight gain (0.34g) and better feed conversion to meat (2.77). There was significant (P<0.05) reduction in the high density lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins and total cholesterol of snail meat with increase in the level of MOLM inclusion in the diets. It was concluded that dietary inclusion of dried Moringaolifera leaf meal at 10% can be included in the diet of growing snails to improve the growth performance and lower the low density lipoproteins of Achatinaachatina snails.
SUBSEQUENT EFFECT OF LOCUST BEAN PULP FED DURING THE GROWER PHASE ON THE LAYING PERFORMANCE OF PULLET (20-42 weeks)
Authors: Afolayan M. , Bawa G. S. , Sekoni A. A. , Abeke F. O. , Adeyinka L. A.
Published: December 2024

Effects of graded dietary levels of locust bean pulp (LBP) fed during the growing phase (9-20 weeks) on subsequent laying performance of the birds from 20-42 weeks of age were investigated. A total of three hundred and thirty (330) birds fed diets containing LBP at 0.00, 0.75, 15.00, 22.50 and 30.00% during the growing phase were used for the study. These same set of birds were fed a common layer diet containing 17% CP and 2727 ME kcal /kg for 22 weeks. Feed intake, water intake, average weight of eggs, hen-day egg production and hen-housed egg production at peak of lay and feed cost per crate of eggs were computed. Results revealed significant (P < 0.05) differences in first egg weight and egg weight at peak production across dietary levels. Feed and water intake increased with increase in the level of LBP in the previous grower diets. Feed cost per crate of egg, income above feed cost, hen day egg production (HDP) and hen housed egg production (HHP) were also significantly (P<0.05) affected by LBP in the previous diets. It was therefore concluded that LBP fed to growing pullets had a carryover effect on the performance of laying hens.
FACTORS INFLUENCING ACCESS TO CREDIT AMONG POULTRY FARMERS IN ONDO STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: IBIDAPO I. , OGUNSIPE M. H.
Published: December 2024

The study investigated factors influencing access to credit among poultry farmers in Ondo-state, Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was used to select respondents for the study and the primary data collected with structured questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Ordinary Least Square regression. The mean age of farmers was 41.7±4.6, 63.3% were male and 72.5% married. Cooperative society formed the major source of credit while age (β =0.188), household size (β = 0.123), total income (β = 0.172), interest rate (β = 0.190) and distance to source of credit (β = 0.320) were the significant variables influencing poultry farmers access to credit. Access to credit is important for poultry production. It was recommended the access to formal credit should be made flexible.
ASPECTS OF SMALLHOLDER GOAT FARMING SYSTEMS IN RIVERS STATE (II): CASSAVA, PLANTAIN AND YAM PEELS UTILIZATION
Authors: ETELA I. , NKWOCHA C. E. , INGWEYE J. N. , KALIO G. A.
Published: December 2024

The study assessed aspects of smallholder West African Dwarf (WAD) goat farming systems and domestic food crop wastes utilization over a 4-week on-farm study. It was conducted on two farms (Farm 1 intensively managed; Farm 2 semi-intensively managed) to estimate live weight changes (LWC) and manure quality. A total of 8 WAD goats with 4 per farm were fed equi-mixture of cassava, yam and plantain peels offered at about 3% of body weight for the 4 weeks. The neutral detergent fibre (NDF) content was below 40% for all three feed resources although, plantain peel recorded the best (P<0.05) ash and crude protein (CP) contents but, the least dry matter (DM) content. Goats on the semi-intensively managed farm gave the most stable live LWC. The recorded faecal matter showed a great promise for use as organic manure to support crop production, especially, for those who also grow food crops and vegetables as a sustainable intensification strategy. Cassava and plantain peels are recommended as supplemental feed resources for goats, especially under smallholdings during the dry season given their low NDF and relatively high CP contents.
EFFECTS OF STOCKING DENSITY AND SEASON ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND WELFARE OF BROILER CHICKENS IN IBADAN, NIGERIA.
Authors: ADEMULEGUN T. I. , ADEYEMO G. O. , SALAKO A. E.
Published: December 2024

The study was carried out to investigate the effects of season and stocking density on the growth performance and welfare of broiler chickens in Ibadan, Nigeria. In a seven-week feeding trial, a total of 96 one-week old Arbor Acre broiler chickens were randomly distributed to three stocking densities (birds/m2) of 10, 12, and 14 at the rate of 32 birds per stocking density (SD) during each season; Late Wet (LWS) and Late Dry (LDS). Total Feed Intake (TFI, g), Final Live Weight (FLW, g), Feed Conversion Rate(FCR), Live weight/m2(LW/m2), Normal Gait Score (NGS,%), Survival Rate (SR %), Heterophil: Lymphocyte(H:L) ratio, were assessed. Data were subjected to statistics analysis (ANOVA at 0.05). Birds raised during LWS had higher TFI (4756.60) than LDS birds, while SD had no effect on TFI. Birds on SD of 14 birds/m2 had lower FLW. The FCR was lower during LDS and on SD 10 and 12birds/ m2. The LW/m2 was higher in birds on SD 14birds/m2. The LWS had higher NGS and lower H:L ratio. Season and SD had no effect on SR. The NGS and H: L were not affected by SD. Broiler chickens could be raised at stocking density of 14birds/m2 during either of the seasons.
EFFECTS OF SEX AND STRAINS ON WELFARE INDICATORS OF YORUBA ECOTYPE CHICKEN
Authors: OLANIYI T. A. , POPOOLA M. A. , OLANIYI A. O.
Published: December 2024

The study was conducted to evaluate effects of sex and strain on welfare condition in Yoruba ecotype chicken. A total number of 200 Yoruba ecotype chickens of three strains were used for the project. Data were collected on welfare indicators (tonic immobility, plumage condition and aggressiveness) in the chicken. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance in a 2 ×3 factorial design. There was no significant effects of sex on the welfare indicators; sex had significant effects on tonic immobility and aggressiveness of the chicken. However, there were no significant effects of strain of the plumage condition of the chicken. The interaction effects of sex and strain significantly (p<0.05) affected the welfare conditions of the chicken. Based on the results of this study, normal feather cock were the most fearless among the strains, the normal feather cock had the best plumage cover and naked neck cock were the most aggressive chicken among the strains.
EFFECT OF NEEM AND MORINGA LEAF MEALS (USED SINGLY AND COMBINED) AS SUBSTITUTE FOR ANTIBIOTICS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS
Authors: Makanjuola B. A. , Oladele-Bukola M. O. , Obi O. O. , Sorunke A. O. , Omodewu O. I.
Published: December 2024

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different levels of Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MLM) and Neem leaf meal (singly or combined) as substitute to antibiotics on the performance of broiler chickens. Two hundred and ten (210) day-old broiler chicks were randomly allotted to 7 dietary treatments of 3 replicates each. Each replicate had 10 birds. The treatments were Treatment 1- Positive control (diet with an antibiotic (oxytetracycline)),Treatment 2- diet with 600g of Moringa leaf meal (MLM)/100kg of feed, Treatment 3- diet with 600g of Neem leaf meal (NLM)/100kg of feed, Treatment 4-diet with 50% MLM and 50% NLM in 100kg of feed, Treatment 5- diet with 75% MLM and 25% NLM in 100kg of feed, Treatment 6-diet with 25% MLM and 75% NLM in 100kg of feed and Treatment 7- Negative control (diet without any additive). The parameters measured (feed intake, final weight, weight gain and feed conversion ratio) did not differ significantly among birds on the different dietary treatments. Birds on treatment 1 had the highest cost incurred per kilogramme weight gain while birds on treatment 3 had the lowest.
SREPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND HUSBANDRY PRACTICES OF INDIGENOUS CHICKENS IN DELTA TATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Kperegbeyi J. I. , Morheruata A.
Published: December 2024

The study was carried out using field data to investigate the reproductive performance and husbandry practices of indigenous chicken in Delta State. Traits considered were number of eggs lay per clutch, flock size, age at sexual maturity and body weight; and husbandry practices were house type, housing system, feed type and feeding practice. Data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis to determine percentage distributions. Results obtained showed that the mean flock size, number of egg per clutch, sexual maturity and body weight of indigenous chicken ranged from 11 to 15 birds, 6 to 10 eggs, 7 to 12 months and 0.71 to 1.50 kg respectively. Percentage distribution of housing type used was 79.3 %, 20.7 % and 92.7 % for thatches, feed bags and netting and scavenging respectively. Feeding was not common as only 5.3 % of the farmers feed once a day. Therefore, it was concluded that the performance of indigenous chickens under traditional management practices was low. It is recommended that the indigenous chicken producers in Delta State should practice modern husbandry practices that could lead to higher performance.
EFFECT OF DIETARY MAIZE SUBSTITUTION WITH SWEET POTATO MEAL ON PERFORMANCE OF LAYERS
Authors: Afolayan S. B. , Dafwang I. I. , Tegbe T. S. B. , Sekoni A. A. , Jegede J. O.
Published: December 2024

Two experiments were conducted with two sets of layers to determine the suitability of SPM in layers diet and monitor its effect on birds' performance at different stages of laying period. One hundred and eighty 22-week or 35-week old Shika Brown layers were used for the two experiments. In each experiment, the birds were weighed in equal groups of 12 and randomly distributed over 15 pens after which they were placed on 5 dietary treatments consisting graded levels of sweet potato meal (SPM). Each treatment consisting of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% SPM was replicated 3 times. Diets were iso-nitrogenous for each experiment. The differences in the two experiments lie in the energy and protein contents of the control diets. The experimental setup was a complete randomized design (CRD). Parameters measured and calculated include feed intake, body weight gain, final body weight, feed conversion ratio, mortality, hen- day egg production, cumulative egg production, yolk index, Haugh unit, shell thickness and egg weight. The experiment lasted for 12 and 18 weeks respectively. The result did not show significant effect on final body weight of birds, egg weight, feed conversion, haugh unit, yolk index, shell thickness and mortality. However, cumulative weight, cumulative egg production and hen-day egg production decreased linearly (P<0.05) with increase in dietary SPM, while feed intake, feed intake/egg, feed conversion ratio and feed cost/egg increased. In all cases except cumulative weight gain, similar results were produced by the control, 10, 20 and 30% SPM diets while the 40% SPM diet proved significantly inferior (P<0.05). Similar weight gains were recorded for birds on control, 10 and 20% SPM, while the weight gains of birds on 30 and 40% SPM diets were significantly lower. The performance indices thus showed that SPM should not be incorporated beyond 30% level for layers.
EFFECTS OF PROPRIETARY FEEDS AND DIETARY INGREDIENT SELECTION ON PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS
Authors: Folorunso O. R. , ONIBI G. E. , Bakre A. A.
Published: December 2024

Two hundred and forty (240) four weeks old Hubbard broiler chicks were used in a choice-feeding trial to investigate whether meat-type chicken could select adequate nutrients that would optimize growth, from a choice of commercial feeds and feed ingredients. Four diets were used: a control diet (on-farm feed) and three test diets (commercial feeds). The diets were fed singly. The diets were also used in a choice- feeding with ground maize and soyabean meal (SBM). The study lasted for 4 weeks and the response criteria were growth performance (weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio). The final live weight, weight gain and feed consumption of the chickens were significantly influenced (P<0.05) by the experimental treatments. Feed consumption of chickens offered choice of dietary maize and SBM was significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of chickens without supplementary maize and SBM. Chickens offered the control diets had higher weight gain (P>0.05) than those offered the commercial feeds. Weight gain increased when chickens were offered supplemental feed ingredients, irrespective of the diets. Calculated crude protein (CP) intake showed higher CP intake by choice-fed chickens compared with those fed only the compounded diets. Proportionately, more maize was selected compared to SBM by chickens offered supplementary feed ingredients. Higher weight gain of the chickens was recorded with higher CP intake. The potential of broiler chickens to select feed ingredients to compensate for imbalances in compounded rations was exhibited, especially for enhanced weight gain. Thus, where quality of proprietary feed is in doubt, provision of ground maize and soyabean meal would ameliorate the adverse effect of such feeds.
HAEMATOLOGICAL INDICES, CARCASS AND ORGAN CHARACTERISTICS OF CROSSBRED WEANER RABBITS FED DEHYDRATED BOVINE RUMEN DIGESTA
Authors: Ani A. O. , Udeh F. U. , Uzochukwu L. E. , Onuora S. I.
Published: December 2024

Twenty four crossbred rabbit of mixed sexes were used to evaluate the effect of different inclusion levels of dehydrated bovine rumen digesta (DBRD) on growth performance, carcass and organ characteristics of weaner rabbits. Four diets were formulated to contain 0% (control), 5, 10 and 15% DBRD. The rabbits were randomly divided into four groups and allotted into four treatments of 6 rabbits each in a completely randomized design (CRD). The trial lasted for 8 weeks. The result showed that the WBC and PCV increased significantly (p<0.05) as the level of DBRD increased beyond 5% in the diets, while MCHC and MCV decreased significantly (p<0.05) in rabbits that consumed the DBRD diets. There were significant (p<0.05) differences in liver weight, heart weight, kidney weight, spleen weight, lungs weight, and large intestine lengths among the treatments, whereas treatments had no significant (p>0.05) effect on live weight, dressed carcass weight, stomach length and small intestine length. Organ and carcass weights increased as the level of DBRD in the diets increased beyond 5%. It was concluded that up to 15% of graded levels of DBRD can be included in the diet of weaner rabbits without any deleterious effect on haematological indices, carcass and organ weights and lengths.
IN-VITRO EVALUATION OF 4, 6 AND 8 WEEK RE-GROWTHS OF VETIVER GRASS (Chrysopogon zizanioides L.Roberty).
Authors: Falola O. O. , Adedeji O. Y. , Saka A. A. , Areegbe A. O. , Adisa A. F.
Published: December 2024

The experiment was carried out to access the nutritive values of vetiver grass at different stages of re- growths using the in-vitro gas production technique (IVGP).Proximate compositions of the grass samples were analysed and the grass samples were also incubated in rumen liquor for 24 hours to estimate Metabolisable energy (ME), Organic Matter Digestibility (OMD), Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and methane. The crude protein ranged from 8.38 5.38% among the treatments while crude fiber ranged between 23.59-28.67% among the treatments IVGP,OMD, ME,SCFA were significantly (p < 0.05) different across the dietary treatments. It was concluded that nutritive values of vetiver grass decreased with age.
PERFORMANCE OF YANKASA SHEEP FED Panicum maximum SUBSTITUTED WITH VARYING LEVELS OF Gmelina arborea FORAGE
Authors: FAJEMISIN A. N. , ADARAMEWA T. , OGUNGBESAN M. K.
Published: December 2024

A study that involved fifteen (15) Yankasa sheep aged 2-3 years and weighed 9.24 ± 0.15Wkg75 were used to assess the nutritive value of Panicum maximum substituted with varying levels of Gmelina. arborea forage. The experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research farm, Federal University of Technology, Akure. Five diets were formulated as follow: 100% Panicum maximum (A), 75% Panicum maximum + 25% Gmelina arborea (B), 50% Panicum maximum + 50% Gmelina arborea (C), 25% Panicum maximum + 75% Gmelina arborea (D), 100% Gmelina arborea (E).The fifteen sheep were divided into five groups (three replicates per group) in a completely randomized design (CRD and fed the experimental diets for 63 days. Feed and water were provided ad libitum and routine vaccination and medication were administered. The parameters measured were nutrients intake, digestibility, weight gain, nitrogen retention and feed/gain ratio. Chemical composition revealed that crude protein (10.35-23.33%) and energy (15.69-16.69KJ/100gDM) contents were adequate to support the performance of the sheep. The crude fibre contents decreased with increased crude protein contents of the diets. The results showed that the daily dry matter intake increased with improved crude protein quality of the diets. There were significant (P<0.05) differences among the digestibility coefficients of sheep fed experimental diets. The sheep fed diet D had better and improved voluntary nutrients intake, daily liveweight gain and feed/gain ratio. Thus, the high nutrients values of Gmelina arborea leaves coupled with its palatability and acceptability to the sheep fed the diet that contained 75% Panicum maximum +25% Gmelina arborea forage could be a source of energy and protein to sustain ruminant production during the scarcity and dry season period.
EFFECT OF SEASON, SEX, AGE AND BREED ON THE PREVALENCE OF BOVINE ANAPLASMOSIS IN SOKOTO METROPOLIS
Authors: ABDULLAHI M. , HUSSAINI M. , SALISU M. D. , IBRAHIM M. A. , IBRAHIM M. A. , WUNTI Z. M. , MOHAMMED A. A.
Published: December 2024

A twelve months study on the effect of season, sex, age and breed on the prevalence of bovine anaplasmosis in Sokoto metropolis was conducted. The study was aimed at determining the anaplasmosis infection status of cattle using thin blood smear and packed cell volume (PCV). Four breeds of cattle were used for the study (Friesian, Sokoto Gudali, White Fulani and Friesian- Gudali cross). Blood samples were collected by venupuncture during dry and rainy seasons respectively in 2009, from fifty five cattle at five different farms within Sokoto metropolis. All the fifty five heads sampled were found to be positive for Anaplasma marginale with varying PCV values and levels of parasitaemia across season, breed, sex and age. Average parasitaemia levels were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the adult animals. No significant difference (p>0.05) between sexes and seasons respectively. The breed significantly (p<0.05) influence the level of parasitaemia with higher values in the (Exotic) Friesian and Friesian cross than in the indigenous Sokoto Gudali and White Fulani. The average PCV values were however significantly (p<0.05) higher in the White Fulan and lower in the Friesian and Friesian cross across season.