bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Genomics of an Emerging Multidrug-Resistant blaNDM-Producing ST182 Lineage in Enterobacter cloacae complex
Authors: Mavroidi Angeliki , Froukala Elisavet , Tsakris Athanasios
Published: May 2024

Background: Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacter cloacae complex (ECC) are increasingly identified in hospital-acquired infections. They usually belong to four main multilocus sequence types (STs) named ST114, ST93, ST90, and ST78. Instead, ST182 has been sporadically reported, and recently outbreaks of blaNDM-producing ST182 strains have emerged. Herein, we aimed to investigate the presence of ST182 and explore its evolution and modes of blaNDM acquisition. Methods: A phylogenetic analysis of 646 MLST STs identified among 4,685 E. hormaechei WGS assemblies deposited in public repositories was performed, as well as an in silico comparative and phylogenomic analyses for 55 WGS assemblies of ST182. blaNDM-harboring contigs were also compared to published plasmid sequences. Results: ST182 E. hormaechei strains were recovered from patients in five continents during 2011-2021. They were divided into three major genomic clusters, comprising a separate clonal complex with six other STs. In 30 out of 55 ST182 WGS assemblies, blaNDM-harboring structures were identified similar to plasmids predominant in Gram-negative bacteria, harboring resistance genes to multiple antibiotic classes and virulence genes. No associations between the genomic clusters and the country/continent of isolation, the presence and the plasmid types of the blaNDM-harboring contigs were observed. Conclusions: Our findings show that ST182 E. hormaechei strains were identified the past decade worldwide; 54.5% of them carried diverse blaNDM genetic structures, suggesting recent acquisition of the blaNDM alleles. Thus, blaNDM-producing ST182 is an emerging multidrug-resistant and virulent lineage in ECC that requires close monitoring.
Fusarium Species Associated with Wood Canker, Root and Basal Rot in Turkish Grapevine Nurseries
Authors: Akgül Davut Soner , Önder Serkan , Savaş Nurdan Güngör , Yıldız Murat , Bülbül İzzet , Özarslandan Mümine
Published: May 2024

Fusarium species are agriculturally important fungi with a broad host range and can be found as endophytic, pathogenic, or opportunistic parasites in many crop plants. This study aimed to identify Fusarium species in bare-rooted, dormant plants in Turkish grapevine nurseries using molecular identification methods and assess their pathogenicity. Asymptomatic dormant plants were sampled from grapevine nurseries (43) in different regions of the country, and fungi were isolated from plant roots and internal basal tissues. The Fusarium isolates were identified by performing gene sequencing (TEF1-α, RPB2) and phylogenetic analyses. Pathogenicity tests were carried out by inoculating mycelial agar pieces of isolates onto the stem or conidial suspensions into the rhizosphere of vines (1103 Paulsen rootstock). Laboratory tests revealed that Fusarium species were highly prevalent in Turkish grapevine nurseries (41 out of 43). Gene sequencing and phylogenetic analyses unraveled that 12 Fusarium species (F. annulatum, F. brachygibbosum, F. clavum, F. curvatum, F. falciforme, F. fredkrugeri, F. glycines, F. nanum, F. nematophilum, F. nirenbergiae, F. solani, and Fusarium spp.) existed in the ready-to-sale plants. Some of these species (F. annulatum, F. curvatum and F. nirenbergiae) consistently caused wood necrosis of seedling stems, rotting of the basal zone and roots, and reduced root biomass. Although the other nine species also caused some root rot and root reduction, their virulence was not as severe as the pathogenic ones, and they were considered opportunistic parasites or endophytic species. This study is the first detailed investigation of Fusarium species in grapevine nurseries in Türkiye and emphasizes the need to consider pathogenic species in producing healthy grapevine seedlings.
Nutritional Compositions and Sensory Evaluation of Fermented Maize and Millet Fortified with Crayfish and Soybeans for the Production of Infant Food
Authors: Ilemobayo Mosunmola Aderonke , Kone Kikelomo Jennifer
Published: May 2024

Despite the reported improvement in the nutrient status of fermented cereal-based diets in Sub-Saharan Africa, the nutrient needs of infants are still not being met. Hence, this study evaluated the nutritional compositions of fermented protein-fortified cereals. The proteins used in fortifying maize and millet were crayfish (30%), soybeans (30%) and a combination of both protein sources in a ratio of 70:15:15 for cereals, crayfish and soybeans, respectively. Fermentation of protein-fortified cereals was carried out using submerged fermentation for 5 days. Results revealed that fortifying maize and millet with crayfish and soybeans increased the protein content (11.1 to 19.1%). The fortification led to a reduction in crude fiber and carbohydrate contents of raw maize and millet. Fermentation also significantly reduced the carbohydrate content, with the lowest carbohydrate value observed on the last day of fermentation. Fortification with crayfish and fermentation increased all the minerals (potassium, magnesium and calcium) of raw maize and millet, but no significant effect at p < 0.05 on the iron content. All the samples that were fortified had better sensory acceptability than those that were not fortified. This study revealed that fermentation and fortification of maize and millet meal (cereal) with soybeans and crayfish can alleviate protein energy malnutrition (PEM) problems.
Dampak Pernikahan Dini (Studi Kasus pada Tiga Orang yang Mengalami Pernikahan Dini di Kecamatan Cikande)
Authors: Khaeriyah Siti
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini berangkat dari marakanya pernikahan dini di Indonesia, terkhusus di Kecamatan Cikande. Pernikahan dini hari terus berlanjut, hal ini tentu menjadi hal yang mengkhawatirkan bagi kita semua. Yang menikah pada usia ini merupakan remaja, di mana fase ini merupakan penentu untuk kehidupan dewasa. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai dampak dari pernikahan dini dan faktor pemicu apa saja yang mendorong pernikahan dini di Kecamatan Cikande. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi kualitatif kasus, dimana penelitian ini akan mencoba menggambarkan tiga kasus pernikahan dini di Cikande. Data-data penelitian yang didapat melalui wawacara, observasi, dan dokumentasi, hal ini dilakukan untuk memberikan penjelasan utuh atas pertanyaan penelitian ini. Untuk menggambarkan hal tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan teori fase perkembangan remaja Hurlock, di mana dengan teori ini akan membantu menggambarkan perkembangan remaja, kemudian dapat menjabarkan dampak dan faktor pemicu dari pernikahan dini di Cikande: putus sekolah di tingkat menengah atas (SMA), lalu faktor pemicu dari pernikahan ini adalah kurangnya pengetahuan mengenai pernikahan dini, yang dapat memberikan efek domino pada setiap hal kehidupan remaja. Untuk itu, bagian edukasi ini peneliti menilai bahwa studi Bimbingan dan Konseling dapat berperan dalam ruang publik atau kehidupan masyarakat, tidak hanya dalam kelas saja. yang dapat memberikan efek domino pada setiap hal kehidupan remaja. Untuk itu, bagian edukasi ini peneliti menilai bahwa studi Bimbingan dan Konseling dapat berperan dalam ruang publik atau kehidupan masyarakat, tidak hanya dalam kelas saja. yang dapat memberikan efek domino pada setiap hal kehidupan remaja. Untuk itu, bagian edukasi ini peneliti menilai bahwa studi Bimbingan dan Konseling dapat berperan dalam ruang publik atau kehidupan masyarakat, tidak hanya dalam kelas saja.
Selecting Sustainable Project Portfolio By A Electre Method
Authors: Nguyen Tran Phuoc , Nghiem Thi Bich Ha
Published: May 2024

Evaluating a sustainable project which encompasses both conventional and sustainability dimensions, stands as a crucial component of a company's strategic pursuit of a competitive edge. To solve this problem, one of the commonly used method, ELECTRE, is used. Once decision-makers, criteria, and the project set have been identified, the analysis focuses on assessing the factors that influence the evaluation process, aiming to pinpoint the most optimal sustainable project. Furthermore, the study incorporates nine criteria for appraising sustainable projects, encompassing both quantitative and qualitative considerations. Ultimately, a numerical illustration is provided to illustrate the practicability of the proposed method
Online Shopping Culture and Internet Generation Consumer Behavior in Indonesia
Authors: Murdiana Ramdani , Abdinagoro Sri Bramantoro , Setiawati Sri , Lubis Amanda Lestari Putri , Rosalina Rosalina
Published: May 2024

The shopping culture of Indonesian people has changed from conventional shopping to online shopping as a result of advances in information technology. The aim of this research is to learn about the culture of online shopping and the behavior of Internet-generation customers in Indonesia. The study uses qualitative research methods and triangulation approaches to analyze the data. The study found that reviews or testimonials from relatives and Key Opinion Leaders (KOL) that the Internet Generation makes a prompt to buy goods or services significantly influence their online shopping behavior. The Internet generation uses the efficiency of time, location, and advertising as important factors in their shopping behavior, but price is the most important. In addition, the results show that consumer behavior and online shopping habits known by the internet generation in Indonesia are influenced by several factors such as brand, price, advertising, location and lifestyle. This is due to the Millennial Generation's assumption that the internet generation is able to utilize technology, the difficulty of shopping for products offline, decision making based on product factors and a consumptive lifestyle. Online shopping is very practical and easy, and the generation that is very familiar with the internet does not experience any difficulties. Besides, the Internet generation prefers to shop online through e-commerce, although sometimes they still do mixed shopping. Mix shopping here is defined as a mix between online and offline shopping, according to a particular consideration.
Covid-19 Pandemic, Indonesian Impact of Covid-19 on Indonesia's Education System
Authors: Nadiah Nurli Fadilah  , Dianta Karuniana , Pratama Aditya
Published: May 2024

This study aims to assess the consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic on the education system in Indonesia. The problem studied is the shift of society's overall culture to online activities in their respective homes, including the learning process that is carried out online/on-screen. This research examines the theory of online learning with a digital innovation approach. The method used is qualitative using secondary data analysis. The results show that the impact of online learning has changed the Indonesian education system which is not only limited to students, but also affects parents and teachers, who experience high levels of stress. In addition, students also experience decreased academic progress, loss of motivation to learn, delays in emotional development, and may become victims of verbal abuse. On the other hand, teachers face challenges in assessing students' development optimally.
Conceptual Framework of B40 Women’s Entrepreneurial Intention in Malaysia using Theory of Planned Behavior
Authors: Peter Marius Lina Stephanie Winnie
Published: May 2024

Despite Malaysia's rapid economic growth, a substantial income gap persists, and women-owned businesses remain a minority. The study employs the Theory of Planned Behavior to create a conceptual framework for understanding the factors that influence B40 women's entrepreneurial intentions. It examines the effect of attitude towards entrepreneurship, family support, and entrepreneurial self-efficacy as crucial drivers of women's decisions to engage in entrepreneurship. The research methodology will involve using questionnaires that will be distributed to a diverse sample of B40 women in Malaysia. The implications of the study include contributing to Malaysia's National Entrepreneurship Policy, enhancing support for women entrepreneurs, and motivating more women, particularly those with unstable incomes, to pursue entrepreneurship, thereby fostering greater gender equality and economic development.
Heavy Metals Levels and Contamination Status in Soils of Koudalwa, Tchad
Authors: Dahaina Dieudonne Caleb , Tsamo Cornelius , Mianpeureum Tarkodjiel , Salomon Madjitoloum Betoloum
Published: May 2024

This study is aimed at determining the heavy metal levels in agricultural soils and around oil drilling pits in Koudalwa, Tchad and evaluating pollution levels. Soil sampling was done on three sites AA (AA1 & AA2), BB (BB1 & BB2), CC (CC1 & CC2) with two samples collected per site, giving a total of six samples. The subsamples with code one represent the 0-30 cm depth and code two represent the 30-60 cm depth. A control sample was taken far from sites having any oil activities. 2 mm sieved soil samples were digested in a mixture of HCl and HNO3 in the ratio 1:3 and the concentrations of Cr, Cd, Pb, Hg, Cu, Mn, Fe and Ni in the digested solutions determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The contamination level of the heavy metals was assessed using the Geo-Accumulation Index (Igeo), Contamination factor, Pollution load index (PLI), Enrichment Factor (EF), and Potential Ecological Risk Assessment (PER) models. Results obtained shows that the abundance of heavy metals in the soils of Koudalwa is in the order; Cu ˃ Hg ˃ Cr ˃ Mn ˃ Fe ˃ Cd ˃ Ni ˃ Pb. The site AA shows the highest levels of all the determined heavy metals except Ni with highest amount of Cr (197.98 mg/kg), Cd (6.49 mg/kg), Hg (531.46 mg/kg), Ni (0.088 mg/kg) in the 30-60 cm soil depth, and Pb (0.021 mg/kg), Cu (815.24 mg/kg), Mn (166.55 mg/kg) and Fe (60.04 mg/kg) in the top soil, 0-30 cm depth. PLI analysis confirms that sites AA1 and AA2 present a decline of site quality as compared to other sites which are of perfect site quality. ER values for Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg showed severe enrichment due to contributions of anthropogenic sources with higher values in subsurface samples, thus indicating their high mobility in these soils. Results of this study shows that critical attention must be given to site AA as well as other activities in other sites that can contaminate the soils with special focus on remediation measures and sensitization of the population on the dangers of different activities on the soils.
How Critical was the COVID-19 Pandemic? Exploring The Effects on Small Business Finance
Authors: Erhomosele Osareme , Bonyi Moses
Published: May 2024

A plethora of obstacles frequently confront small business enterprises. Still, many business owners were caught off guard by the unexpected COVID-19 outbreak. This research is a survey of small businesses in the city of Jos, Nigeria. The objective is to determine the financial exposure of small businesses to the COVID-19 epidemic. We obtained primary data from respondents using Likert scale questionnaires. Descriptive analysis was used to address the study questions with the data collected. Our findings showed that liquidity was the worst-hit aspect of business finance. This was closely followed by profitability, while debt management was the least impacted of the three domains. The theoretical argument of the study suggests a pragmatic approach to assessing how external environmental factors affect business entities. The authors recommend that business owners should make concerted efforts to get a financial education.
WITHDRAWN: Safety and probiotic properties of Weissella Strains Isolated from Spontaneous Fermented Vegetables in Shaanxi, China
Authors: Liu Chen , An Chao , Zhang Jingjing , Liu Yao , Zhang Qiwen , Ding Hao , Ma Saijian , Xue Wenjiao
Published: May 2024

The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn by the authors while they make corrections to the work. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
Experiences of rural clinicians accessing specialist support via telehealth for trauma and emergency care in Queensland, Australia
Authors: Santomauro Chiara , McLanders Mia , Rae Andrew
Published: May 2024

Objective: Trauma and emergency patients presenting to rural facilities require time-critical treatment and management that is sometimes beyond the scope of clinicians in the facility. In Queensland, Australia’s second largest state, telehealth infrastructure facilitates 24/7 communication between rural clinicians and tertiary-based critical care specialists. We sought to understand the current state of Queensland’s emergency telehealth system from the perspective of direct end-users to inform future improvement efforts and resource allocation.
Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 rural Queensland clinicians who use telehealth to access specialist support during critical presentations. Qualitative data were analysed in three inductive phases: immersion; a combination of process coding and in vivo coding; and focused coding.
Results: The findings highlight that emergency telehealth support provides benefits beyond better patient care, as it fosters collegiality and alleviates professional isolation. Three key themes were identified: (1) Strategies for overcoming challenges in providing trauma and emergency care in rural Queensland; (2) Factors that affect perceptions of telehealth effectiveness; and (3) How support for rural trauma and emergency care can be improved. To provide context for the themes, a summary of scene-setting data is also provided.
Conclusions: There are both advantages and disadvantages for rural clinicians accessing telehealth specialist support for critical care. Although telehealth is seen as a vital service that supports rural clinicians and benefits patient care, the findings suggest that tools, systems, and processes surrounding rural trauma and emergency care could benefit from streamlining, integration, and the introduction of fit-for-purpose technologies. Addressing limitations of efficiencies would improve support for rural clinicians and likely improve patient outcomes for rural communities.
Experimental analysis of acoustic emissions in rolling and sliding friction: implications to gear transmissions
Authors: Weiffenbach Felix Alberto Leaman , Romero Felipe
Published: May 2024

Acoustic emissions (AE) are elastic waves produced in solids due to crack propagation, dislocations, impacts, friction and others. Its potential for condition monitoring has been studied for several years. For gear transmissions, some studies have highlighted AE's advantages over other techniques. However, the application of AE in gear transmissions still requires a comprehensive understanding and modeling of the generation mechanisms.
The primary source of AE in gear transmissions is asperity contacts, making it essential to understand AE behavior under rolling and sliding friction, both contact types in gear transmissions. Our study presents simplified experiments designed to independently characterize the AE produced by a cylinder moving on a plane under rolling and sliding conditions. Additionally, we have compared our experimental findings with a theoretical model from the literature.
We tested the influence of translational speed and normal force on rolling and sliding. For sliding, we observed a positive correlation between the RMS value and the translational speed. However, the normal force did not show a significant effect, which diverges from the theoretical model. For rolling, neither translational speed nor normal force demonstrated significant effects. Regarding signal characteristics, sliding friction is characterized by a continuous AE, while rolling friction primarily exhibits stochastic AE bursts. The frequencies excited for both cases suggest that abrasive wear is predominant.
Although prior research has highlighted the impact of speed and load on AE from gears, our study offers new insights into how these conditions independently influence the AE produced by rolling and sliding friction.
Formation of atomically distributed Al-F3 nanoparticles towards precisely modulating pore Size of carbon molecular sieve gas separation membranes
Authors: Li Nanwen , Chen Xiuling , Zhang Zhiguang , Xu Shan , Zhang Bin , Qin Yong , Ma Canghai , He Gaohong
Published: May 2024

Carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membranes exhibit superior capability in separating gas mixtures efficiently. However, it remains a grand challenge to precisely tune the pore size and distribution of CMS membranes to further improve their molecular sieving properties. Herein, we report an approach of finely modulating CMS pore structure by using the reactive Al(CH3)3 to in situ defluorinate the polymer precursor to form Al-Fx(CH3)3-x in the polymer matrix, which is further converted to atomic-level Al2O3 and Al-F3 in the polymer matrix. These nanoparticles play the key role in regulating the pore size of CMS membranes by suppressing the formation of unfavorable large pores during pyrolysis, thus enhancing the gas selectivity considerably. The resultant CMS membranes demonstrate a H2/CH4 and CO2/CH4 selectivity of 192.6, and 58.4, respectively, 128% and 93% higher than the untreated samples, residing far above the latest upper bounds. The design principle of this work paves the way for precisely manipulating CMS pore size and developing molecularly selective membranes with optimal separation performance.
The Energy Consumption and Carbon Emission Model Development and Application for Ongoing Railway Construction
Authors: LI Jiayu , Yin Xunxiao , Yang Wei , LI Hui , Wang Chao
Published: May 2024

This study, utilizing comprehensive railway project A as a case study, offers a multifaceted analysis of construction work volume, machinery energy consumption, and carbon emissions. We employ a ''top-down'' approach, taking into account construction scenarios and types of energy consumption, to establish a framework for a railway construction machinery energy consumption model. Following the computation of diesel carbon emission factors appropriate for construction requirements, we put forth a swift computation algorithm for provincial grid carbon emission. The algorithm undergoes precision verification and application, reducing the calculation complexity and cost of existing carbon emission models by approximately tenfold. This model is pilot-tested at construction section A, generating the corresponding energy consumption and carbon emission model. Results denote that, from a construction scenario perspective, tunnel construction's energy consumption and carbon emissions account for roughly 80%, thus taking a leading stance. Regarding energy consumption types, carbon emissions from electricity significantly surpass those from oil. Based on these results, we outline specific characteristics of railway construction and propose key strategies to achieve energy saving and emission reduction. These include enhancing the operational efficiency of electrical equipment in tunnel construction, diminishing the use of diesel equipment, and adopting energy-saving, intelligent, and new energy equipment. The findings of this study substantially aid the rapid calculation of energy consumption and carbon emissions in railway construction, offering new parameters, algorithms, perspectives, and proposals that serve scientific research in related domains.
Tsunami inundation limit based on probabilistic analysis of runup and inundation distance
Authors: Ramos Marilym , Aranguiz Rafael , Bull Maria Teresa
Published: May 2024

Tsunamis are devastating natural hazards that can reach runups of 30 m in coastal areas. One of the most important mitigation measures to save human lives is evacuation, which requires identification of both the inundation area and safe zones. Currently, a ground elevation of 30 m is used to determine safe zones in Chile. However, it has also been used for urban planning, for which the actual tsunami hazard may be overestimated. This research aims to propose a criterion based on probabilistic analysis to determine the tsunami inundation limit, considering both the runup and inundation distance from the shoreline. To this end, a synthetic database of runup and inundation distance from the shoreline was analyzed. First, stochastic earthquake sources were used to simulate tsunami events up to an inundation level in 10 coastal cities. Second, maximum runup and inundation distance were calculated for each tsunami scenario along transect lines perpendicular to the coastline. Finally, three exceedance probabilities of runup – 0.5%, 1%, and 2% in 50 years – were calculated to estimate the runup and inundation distances for each city. The results showed that geomorphology has an important role in runup and inundation distance. In addition, this research introduced new criteria for inundation limit identification, which are more flexible and accurate than the current 30-m ground elevation criterion used for tsunami risk assessment and urban planning. The application of this proposed method would allow local authorities to improve the locations of both critical infrastructure and safe zones.
Comparison Between Single Oral Dydrogesterone versus Vaginal Progesterone gel plus Oral Dydrogesterone Clinical Outcome within the First in GnRH Antagonist Fresh Embryo Transfer Cycle: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Huang Yuan-Fei , Ding Shufang , Luo Long-Dan , Lin Suxia , Ye Tian-Min
Published: May 2024

Objective
The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of single oral dydrogesterone with vaginal progesterone gel plus oral dydrogesterone in GnRH antagonist cycles with fresh embryo transfer.
Methods
This study retrospectively analyzed 658 treatment cycles of fresh embryo transfer cycle with GnRH antagonist protocol from 2015 to 2020 in the Reproductive Medicine Center of the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital. Each cycle was the first fresh stimulation cycle of the patients. The study group included 368 cycles with 30 mg oral dydrogesterone daily, while the control group included 290 cycles with 90 mg of progesterone vaginal gel and 20 mg oral dydrogesterone daily. Propensity score matching was carried out to adjust for numerical differences and to balance between the two groups. After propensity, totally 231 cycles in each group remained and were retrospectively analyzed.
Results
After matching, the demographics and baseline characteristics of two groups were comparable. There was no significant difference were found in clinical pregnancy rate (35.498%versus 35.498%, P = 1), embryo implantation rate (47.613%vs. 49.352%,P = 0.710), live birth rate (26.407%versus 28.139%, P = 0.676), miscarriage rate (19.512%versus15.854%, p = 0.539), multiple birth rate (2.165%versus 1.732%,P = 0.736), OHSS rate (0.433%versus 0.433%, P = 1) and ectopic pregnancy rate (2.165%versus 1.299%, P = 0.476) between the oral dydrogesterone group (study group) and the vaginal progesterone gel combined with dydrogesterone group (control group).
Conclusion: In conclusion, single oral dydrogesterone and dydrogesterone combined with vaginal progesterone gel revealed similar reproductive outcomes in GnRH antagonist cycles with fresh embryo transfer in the study. And single use of dydrogesterone minimized patient inconvenience and reduced the incidence of adverse effects. It could be the new choice for the luteal phase support in the fresh GnRH antagonist cycle.
Efficacy of positive replacement thoughts and positive reappraisal as coping strategies for intrusive thoughts
Authors: Oikawa Megumi , Yokoyama Reina
Published: May 2024

This study examined relationships between positive replacement thoughts, positive reappraisal, intrusive thoughts, thought uncontrollability, and associations with depression and anxiety. Adults over 18 years old in Japan (N = 176) participated in the study. They rated the level of intrusive thoughts. Then, they recalled a recent intrusive thought-inducing event and responded to questionnaires on the frequency of coping strategies, thought uncontrollability, depression, and anxiety. The findings revealed that higher intrusive thoughts were positively associated with greater thought uncontrollability, depression, and anxiety, whereas reappraisal was negatively correlated. Furthermore, the interaction between replacement thoughts and reappraisal was significant, indicating that the efficacy of reappraisal in reducing thought uncontrollability depended on replacement thought frequency. These results suggest the effectiveness of reappraisal techniques in managing intrusive thoughts and improving mood. However, replacement thoughts should be cautiously used due to possible adverse effects. Further research must explore the suppression target's characteristics and establish causal relationships, possibly using longitudinal studies.
The diagnostic value of presepsin in patients with chronic renal insufficiency complicated with sepsis
Authors: Wang Wenjuan , He Qingjian , li Guodong , Lu Jianzhong , Kang Jian
Published: May 2024

This prospective study evaluated the diagnostic value of serum presepsin (soluble CD14-ST) levels for sepsis in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the influence of hemodialysis on serum presepsin. This study included 291 patients with CKD and 101 patients with normal renal function and sepsis. Presepsin levels were increased in patients with CKD with or without sepsis or hemodialysis compared with the controls, and were the highest in patients with CKD and sepsis undergoing hemodialysis. The findings were as follows: i) CKD patients with or without sepsis had higher presepsin levels than the healthy controls (P<0.01); ii) the level of presepsin in CKD patients with or without hemodialysis treatment was higher than that in the healthy control group, and presepsin levels in CKD patients with sepsis were higher than those in CKD patients without sepsis (P<0.05); iii) for CKD patients with sepsis, the presepsin level after hemodialysis was significantly higher than that in patients without hemodialysis; iv) without hemodialysis treatment, the sensitivity and specificity of presepsin in identifying CKD with sepsis were 90.2 and 83.9%, respectively, those of procalcitonin (PCT) were 83.9 and 75.8%, respectively, and those of C-reactive protein (CRP) were 75.6 and 75.8%, respectively; v) when CKD patients were undergoing hemodialysis,presepsin identify CKD merger sepsis sensitivity, specificity of 30.5 and 99.2% respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of PCT in the differential diagnosis of CKD with sepsis were 84.8 and 82.7%, respectively. CRP had a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 82.4% in the differential diagnosis of CKD complicated with sepsis. Presepsin, PCT and CRP levels had diagnostic value for sepsis; however, presepsin was a better predictor of sepsis than PCT or CRP in patients with CKD not undergoing hemodialysis. These findings suggested that physicians should incorporate information on biomarkers with medical history, clinical symptoms, physical signs and other tests related to sepsis for its diagnosis in patients with CKD undergoing hemodialysis. Presepsinwas a better predictor of sepsis in patients with CKD not undergoing hemodialysis.
Comparison of avian species diversity and abundance in seasonally flooded wetlands in eastern part of Lake Tana, Ethiopia
Authors: Agidie Aklilu , Wondie Ayalew , Beneberu Getachew , Tassie Nega
Published: May 2024

The Lake Tana area owns several wetlands and is one of the best places for local and migratory birds in Ethiopia. The wetlands are subjected to anthropogenic pressure, which in turn affects wetland-dependent fauna and flora. This study aimed to assess species diversity and the abundance of birds in the flooded wetlands. The transect and point count methods were used to locate birds across five sites from December 2021 to November 2022. Bray-Curtis cluster analysis was used to show the species composition similarity of waterfowl across the study habitats, and Shannon-Wiener diversity indices (H′) were employed to quantify the diversity of avian species. A total of 35 bird species, representing 21 families and 13 orders, were identified in the study area. Globally threatened (vulnerable) species such as wattled cranes and black-crowned cranes are common in the farming landscape and the wetlands. Shesher and Sendye wetlands had the highest richness (S = 32 and 28), respectively. The highest dominance index (D = 0.16) was found in Sendye wetland. The difference in species richness among habitats might be due to resource availability and the degree of human influence. Lake Tana wetlands have deteriorated from time to time due to heavy human involvement and a recent invasion by water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), affecting the overall ecological integrity of the system. Hence, sustainable wetland management interventions, legitimate environmental preservation, and administration endeavors ought to be actualized to conserve birds in their territories.
Simultaneous Measurement of Multiple Incompatible Observables and Tradeoff in Multiparameter Quantum Estimation
Authors: Chen Hongzhen , Yuan Haidong , Wang Lingna
Published: May 2024

How well can multiple incompatible observables be implemented by a single measurement? This is a fundamental problem in quantum mechanics with wide implications for the performance optimization of numerous tasks in quantum information science. While existing studies have been mostly focusing on the approximation of two observables with a single measurement, in practice multiple observables are often encountered, for which the errors of the approximations are little understood. Here we provide a framework to study the implementation of an arbitrary finite number of observables with a single measurement. Our methodology yields novel analytical bounds on the errors of these implementations, significantly advancing our understanding of this fundamental problem. Additionally, we introduce a more stringent bound utilizing semi-definite programming that, in the context of two observables, generates an analytical bound tighter than previously known bounds. The derived bounds have direct applications in assessing the trade-off between the precision of estimating multiple parameters in quantum metrology, an area with crucial theoretical and practical implications. To validate the validity of our findings, we conducted experimental verification using a superconducting quantum processor. This experimental validation not only confirms the theoretical results but also effectively bridges the gap between the derived bounds and empirical data obtained from real-world experiments. Our work paves the way for optimizing various tasks in quantum information science that involve multiple noncommutative observables.
Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Semi-Synthetic Dural Substitutes in Cranial Surgery: A Combined Retrospective and Prospective Study
Authors: Zhang X , Yan E , MA Hoffmann , MN Bonk
Published: May 2024

Introduction
The use of semi-synthetic dural substitutes in cranial surgery has garnered attention due to its potential in reducing complications, particularly cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage. However, there is a lack of extensive research, especially in the form of randomized studies, to validate its efficacy and safety.
Methods
Our study was divided into two parts: a retrospective analysis of 30 patients who received semi-synthetic dural replacements from December 2022 to March 2023, and a prospective study of another 30 patients from March 2023 to September 2023. The inclusion criteria were patients over 18 undergoing neurosurgical procedures requiring dural replacement. The primary outcome measured was the rate of CSF leakages, with secondary outcomes including clinical and radiographic parameters to assess signs of infection or inflammation.
Results
Both the retrospective and prospective studies successfully included 30 patients each, with no adverse events reported in either group. No evidence of CSF leakage or inflammation was observed in the postoperative period. The average age of patients was 63.2 years in the retrospective group and 61.2 years in the prospective group, with a balanced distribution of male and female patients.
Discussion
The results indicate that semi-synthetic dural replacement is a safe and effective option in cranial surgery, aligning with findings from other studies in the field. However, the variability in CSF leakage rates in existing literature underscores the need for larger, randomized studies for a more definitive conclusion.
Conclusion
Our study supports the use of semi-synthetic dural substitutes as a safe and low-risk option in neurosurgery. While our results are encouraging, further large-scale randomized studies are necessary to conclusively determine its effectiveness in preventing CSF leakage.
The IncC and IncX1 resistance plasmids present in multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli strains isolated from poultry manure in Poland
Authors: Zalewska Magdalena , Błażejewska Aleksandra , Gawor Jan , Adamska Dorota , Goryca Krzysztof , Szeląg Michał , Kalinowski Patryk , Popowska Magdalena
Published: May 2024

The study describes the whole-genome sequencing of two antibiotic-resistant representative Escherichia coli strains, isolated from poultry manure in 2020. The samples were obtained from a commercial chicken meat production facility in Poland. The antibiotic resistance profile was characterized by co-resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones. The three identified resistance plasmids (R-plasmids), pECmdr13.2, pECmdr13.3 and pECmdr14.1, harbored various genes conferring resistance to tetracyclines (tetR[A]) for, aminoglycoside (aph, aac and aad families), β-lactam (blaCMY-2, blaTEM-176), sulfonamide (sul1, sul2), fluoroquinolone (qnrS1), and phenicol (floR). These plasmids, which have not been previously reported in Poland, were found to carry IS26 insertion elements, the intI1-integrase gene, as well as conjugal transfer genes, facilitating horizontal gene transfer. Plasmids pECmdr13.2 and pECmdr14.1 also possessed a mercury resistance gene operon related to transposon Tn1696; this promotes plasmid persistence even without antibiotic selection pressure due to co-selection mechanisms such as co-resistance. The chicken manure-derived plasmids belonged to the IncX1 (narrow host range) and IncC (broad host range) incompatibility groups. Similar plasmids have been identified in various environments, clinical isolates, and farm animals, including cattle, swine, and poultry. This study holds significant importance for the One Health approach, as it highlights the potential for antimicrobial-resistant bacteria from livestock and food sources, particularly E. coli, to transfer through the food chain to humans and vice versa. This underscores the need for vigilant monitoring of R-plasmids prevalence in the human, animal and natural environments, and to implement strategies to mitigate the spread of antibiotic resistance.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection for colorectal laterally spreading tumors: Clinicopathological features and treatment outcomes
Authors: Guo Lihua , Hu Kefeng , Miao Min , Ding Yong , Zhang Xinjun , Ye Guoliang
Published: May 2024

Background and aim
Colorectal laterally spreading tumor (LST) is a type of precancious lesions of colorectal cancer with high malignant potential. To investigate the endoscopic morphology and pathological traits of colorectal LSTs, evaluate clinical outcomes of endoscopic treatment, and identify risk factors associated with high-grade dysplasia (HGD) / carcinoma, submucosal invasion and complications.
Methods
This single-center retrospective study, from a prospectively collected database, was conducted between January 2016 and December 2023. We performed a retrospective analysis of the endoscopic and histological results of consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic resection for colorectal LSTs in our hospital. The pathological classification and outcomes were analyzed. Risk factors for high-grade dysplasia/carcinoma, submucosal invasion and complications were determined using logistic regression.
Results
A total of 375 colorectal LSTs were enrolled. The incidences of low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia and adenocarcinoma for LSTs were 60.3%, 25.3% and 14.4%, respectively. The size ≥30 mm, LST granular nodular mixed type (LST-G-M) and LST non-granular pseudo depressed type (LST-NG-PD) were independently associated with higher odds in HGD/carcinoma. The prevalence of submucosal invasion cancer was 10.1%. LST-NG-PD and tumor budding were associated with higher odds for submucosal invasion, and the tumor budding was an independent risk factor for deep submucosal invasion. The frequency of delayed bleeding and perforation were 2.1% and 4.8%, respectively. LST-G-M and size ≥30 mm were associated with higher odds for complications.
Conclusions
This study demonstrated that larger LST increased risk for HGD/carcinoma and complication during endoscopic treatment. LST-NG-PD lesions were more likely prone to submucosal invasion. Tumor budding was an independent risk factor for deep submucosal invasion.
Too big to purge: persistence of deleterious mutations in island populations of the European barn owl (Tyto alba)
Authors: Goudet Jérôme , Lavanchy Eléonore , Cumer Tristan , Topaloudis Alexandros , Ducrest Anne-Lyse , Simon Céline , Roulin Alexandre
Published: May 2024

An important aspect of assessing endangered levels and managing conservation is the study of inbreeding status, identifying its origin as well as assessing the mutation load in wild populations. In this study, we used 502 barn owls from continental and island populations across Europe. In addition to comparing inbreeding status, we determined whether inbreeding is due to non-random mating or high co-ancestry within the population. We show that islands have higher levels of inbreeding than continental populations, and that this is mainly due to small effective population sizes rather than recent consanguineous mating. We assess the probability that a region is autozygous along the genome and show that this probability decreased as the number of genes present in that region increased. Finally, we looked for evidence of reduced selection efficiency and purging in island populations. Among island populations, we found an increase in numbers of both neutral and deleterious minor alleles, possibly as a result of drift and decreased selection efficiency but we found no evidence of purging.
TaxaNorm: a novel taxa-specific normalization approach for microbiome data
Authors: Wang Ziyue , Lloyd Dillon , Zhao Shanshan , Motsinger-Reif Alison
Published: May 2024

Background: In high-throughput sequencing studies, sequencing depth, which quantifies the total number of reads, varies across samples. Unequal sequencing depth can obscure true biological signals of interest and prevent direct comparisons between samples. To remove variability due to differential sequencing depth, taxa counts are usually normalized before downstream analysis. However, most existing normalization methods scale counts using size factors that are sample specific but not taxa specific, which can result in over- or under-correction for some taxa.
Results: We developed TaxaNorm, a novel normalization method based on a zero-inflated negative binomial model. This method assumes the effects of sequencing depth on mean and dispersion vary across taxa. Incorporating the zero-inflation part can better capture the nature of microbiome data. Two corresponding diagnosis tests on the varying sequencing depth effect are proposed as well for validation. We demonstrate from simulations that TaxaNorm reaches the similar to higher power while significantly lower the false discoveries in downstream analysis to existing methods. Applying to the real dataset also shows its improved performance when correcting the technical bias.
Conclusion: TaxaNorm considers correcting both sample- and taxon- specific bias by introducing an appropriate regression framework in the microbiome data, which aids in data interpretation and visualization. The ’TaxaNorm’ R package is freely available through the CRAN repository https://CRAN.R-project.org/ package=TaxaNorm and the source code can be download at https://github. com/wangziyue57/TaxaNorm.
The Role of RAD51C in the Development of Ovarian Cancer: An In Vitro Animal Experiment Study
Authors: Lu Xiaoli , Li Xiaying , Jiang Junxiu , Deng Huan , Lu Chunbin
Published: May 2024

Objective: This study aims to investigate the role of the RAD51C gene in the development of ovarian cancer. A lentivirus-based RAD51C interference system was constructed to infect A2780 cells, followed by regular screening and injection of selected cell lines into nude mice. The study also analyzed the differential expression of the RAD51C, VEGF, and NRP-2 proteins.
Methods: A2780 cells were cultured, and RAD51C expression was detected. A RAD51C interference vector was constructed and packaged into a lentivirus, which was then used for cell transfection. The transfection efficiency was confirmed using qPCR, and stable cell lines were established by regular screening. A CDX model was created, and tumor formation was observed. Tumor tissues were collected and analyzed for the expression of RAD51C, VEGF, and NRP-2 proteins using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.
Results: qPCR validation demonstrated that the RAD51C lentivirus had the most significant interference effect in the SiRAN285 group. Among the CDX model groups, the Si-RAD51C group exhibited the lowest tumor volume and weight, along with significantly reduced expression of the RAD51C, NRP-2, and VEGF proteins.
Conclusion: RAD51C interference lentivirus effectively inhibited the formation of A2780 ovarian cancer cell tumors and suppressed the expression of the RAD51C, NRP-2, and VEGF proteins.
Impact of training nurses in illustrated communication skills on physiological indicators, pain, agitation, and communication ease in conscious patients under mechanical ventilation
Authors: Kakaeimirahmadi Shiva , Azami Hiva , Tapak leili , Bashar Farshid Rahimi , Azizi Azim
Published: May 2024

Background
Conscious patients under mechanical ventilation encounter significant challenges due to their inability to communicate, leading to anxiety, agitation, and uncontrolled pain. Effective communication training for nurses is crucial to manage these issues. This study aimed to determine the impact of training nurses in illustrated communication skills on physiological indicators, pain, agitation, and ease of communication with conscious mechanically ventilated patients.
Method
A quasi-experimental pre-and-post study was conducted at Besat Hospital in Hamadan, Iran, involving 37 nurses and 70 patients. Sampling was convenient and sequential. The Ease of Communication, Richmond Agitation-Sedation, Pain Numeric Rating scales, and vital signs were measured before and 48 hours after the intervention commenced. The control group did not receive training, while the experimental group was trained in the use of illustrated communication boards and interacted with patients using these boards for 48 hours. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 16.
Result
Before the intervention, no significant differences were observed between the intervention and control groups regarding demographic variables, average pain intensity, agitation, communication difficulty, and vital signs (p > 0.05). However, after the intervention, the experimental group showed a significant reduction in all studied variables except blood pressure compared to the control group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
Training nurses in the use of illustrated communication boards can enhance communication and reduce agitation, pain, heart rate, and respiration in patients under mechanical ventilation. Ultimately, this study highlights the importance of nurse education and the development of communication tools to improve interactions between nurses and intubated patients. Such training can improve treatment outcomes. This research could pave the way for future studies.