bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reflejos desde la penumbra: la desaparición forzada en Colombia y la obra Relatos nebulosos
Authors: López Pérez José Alejandro
Published: July 2023

In 2019, I directed the installation-performance Relatos Nebulosos (RN), featuring relatives of forcibly disappeared individuals in Colombia. In this article, I explore the artistic visibility of these victims, who demonstrate resilience and demand justice, while also contributing to the critical discourse surrounding their struggle. To do so, I establish three key aspects. Firstly, I provide contextualization by sharing the stories of the RN protagonists, offering insights into the regions they refer to and conveying the profound impact of disappearance on their families, who grapple with the uncertainty surrounding their loved ones' whereabouts. Secondly, I delve into the ethical dimension of the project, witnessing how the protagonists meticulously construct a documentary narrative that relies on their own bodies, simultaneously navigating a complex emotional relationship with the documents associated with this process—expressing affection towards photographs and disdain for bureaucratic paperwork. Lastly, I highlight the significance of art in granting a voice to the victims, outlining my endeavors to create new avenues of expression by reimagining the daily lives of the RN protagonists through a montage, while drawing metaphors between the tangible elements of the artwork and the elusive nature of forced disappearance. Ultimately, this article concludes that RN thrives on the improbable, enabling art to give form to the uncertainty experienced by these families and drive social strategies that facilitate the search for the missing, leading to a sense of inner peace for their loved ones. It also asserts that both academic and non-academic realms have the potential to contribute to a world where this heinous crime is combated. The article's uniqueness lies in revealing the behind-the-scenes of the creative process behind RN, analyzing the reconfiguration of the everyday experiences of the relatives into a performative installation and examining their interaction with bureaucratic formats related to disappearance.
Landscape drives zoonotic malaria prevalence in non-human primates
Authors: Johnson Emilia , Sunil Kumar Sharma Reuben , Ruiz Cuenca Pablo , Byrne Isabel , Salgado-Lynn Milena , Suraya Shahar Zarith , Col Lin Lee , Zulkifli Norhadila , Dilaila Mohd Saidi Nor , Drakeley Chris , Matthiopoulos Jason , Nelli Luca , Fornace Kimberly
Published: July 2023

Zoonotic disease dynamics in wildlife hosts are rarely quantified at macroecological scales due to the lack of systematic surveys. Non-human primates (NHPs) host Plasmodium knowlesi, a zoonotic malaria of public health concern and the main barrier to malaria elimination in Southeast Asia. Understanding of regional P. knowlesi infection dynamics in wildlife is limited. Here, we systematically assemble reports of NHP P. knowlesi and investigate geographic determinants of prevalence in reservoir species. Meta-analysis of 6322 NHPs from 148 sites reveals that prevalence is heterogeneous across Southeast Asia, with low overall prevalence and high estimates for Malaysian Borneo. We find that regions exhibiting higher prevalence in NHPs overlap with human infection hotspots. In wildlife and humans, parasite transmission is linked to land conversion and fragmentation. By assembling remote sensing data and fitting statistical models to prevalence at multiple spatial scales, we identify novel relationships between P. knowlesi in NHPs and forest fragmentation. This suggests that higher prevalence may be contingent on habitat complexity, which would begin to explain observed geographic variation in parasite burden. These findings address critical gaps in understanding regional P. knowlesi epidemiology and indicate that prevalence in simian reservoirs may be a key spatial driver of human spillover risk.
Reuse of tire waste in light concrete
Authors: Soares Santos J. N. , de Oliveira H. A. , Oliveira Almeida V. G. , Cavalcante Melo F. M.
Published: July 2023

Lightweight concrete is characterized by its low density due to the incorporation of lightweight materials such as aggregate clay or lightweight materials in general. In the city of Aracaju there are companies that promote tire reconditioning generating large amount of waste powder. This study aims to study the reuse of tire rubber waste in lightweight aggregate clay concrete. An experimental program for the analysis of these concretes was developed, varying the percentage of 1, 2.5 and 5% of the tire rubber residue in replacement of the natural fine aggregate and replacing 100% of the natural coarse aggregate with expanded clay aggregate(50% C1506 expanded clay aggregateand 50% expanded clay aggregateC2215). The materials (cement, sand, expanded clays and tire rubber residue) were characterized by granulometric analysis tests and unit mass. The hardened concrete was evaluated by mechanical tests of axial compressive strength, modulus of elasticity and tensile strength by diametral compression, physical tests of water absorption and specific mass, as well as scanning electron microscopy image analysis. The use of expanded clay aggregateand 1% of tire rubber residue ensured better mechanical strength, lower water absorption and higher specific mass than mixtures with 2.5 and 5%, reaching values close to the reference concrete, and the residue be an alternative for reuse avoiding disposal.
Uma abordagem das características do modelo de negócio das fintechs gaúchas
Authors: Köche Isaque Guilhermando , De Marco Daiana , Bobsin Debora , Barbieri Geovana , Traverso Luciana Davi
Published: July 2023

Objetivo: O objetivo desse estudo é investigar as características do modelo de negócio de quatro fintechs do Rio Grande do Sul. Metodologia: A partir do entendimento que esse negócio apresenta um modelo de negócio inovador, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa por meio de entrevistas. O modelo de negócio das fintechs foi analisado utilizando a lente teórica do Business Model Canvas (BMC) (Osterwalder & Pigneur, 2010).  Originalidade/relevância: Este estudo busca entender como o modelo de negócio das fintechs é utilizado para obter vantagem competitiva. Com o propósito de compreender as características das fintechs, a utilização do BMC, o que não é recorrente em trabalhos acadêmicos, se tornou ponto chave neste estudo. Resultados: Os resultados revelam as principais proposições de valor das fintechs: facilidade e a transparência. Também, como elementos essenciais do modelo de negócio foram identificados: a diversidade de fontes de receitas; o papel das pessoas como um dos recursos-chave; e as parcerias com outras startups e fintechs.  Contribuições teóricas e metodológicas: O estudo contribui para o campo acadêmico, visto que pesquisas sobre o modelo de negócio de fintechs ainda é pouco explorado. O framework Business Model Canvas estabelece modelos atuais e futuros, ilustra como o negócio faz sentido financeiramente. Na prática, o modelo de negócio constituído serve como um guia/mapa para gerentes do setor financeiro, bem como para as novas startups de serviços financeiros repensar seu modelo e fazer as atualizações necessárias para dar continuidade ao negócio.
New Weight Loss Drugs Make Headlines at Diabetes Meeting
Authors: Abbasi Jennifer
Published: July 2023

This Medical News article discusses research presented at the American Diabetes Association’s 83rd Annual Scientific Sessions program.
Association Between Syncope Trigger Type and Risk of Subsequent Life-Threatening Events in Patients With Long QT Syndrome
Authors: Younis Arwa , Bos J. Martijn , Zareba Wojciech , Aktas Mehmet K. , Wilde Arthur A. M. , Tabaja Chadi , Bodurian Christopher , Tobert Kathryn E. , McNitt Scott , Polonsky Bronislava , Shimizu Wataru , Ackerman Michael J. , Goldenberg Ilan
Published: July 2023

Importance

Syncope is the most powerful predictor for subsequent life-threatening events (LTEs) in patients with congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS). Whether distinct syncope triggers are associated with differential subsequent risk of LTEs is unknown.

Objective

To evaluate the association between adrenergic (AD)– and nonadrenergic (non–AD)-triggered syncopal events and the risk of subsequent LTEs in patients with LQT types 1 to 3 (LQT1-3).

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study included data from 5 international LQTS registries (Rochester, New York; the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Israel, the Netherlands, and Japan). The study population comprised 2938 patients with genetically confirmed LQT1, LQT2, or LQT3 stemming from a single LQTS-causative variant. Patients were enrolled from July 1979 to July 2021.

Exposures

Syncope by AD and non-AD triggers.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary end point was the first occurrence of an LTE. Multivariate Cox regression was used to determine the association of AD- or non–AD-triggered syncope on the risk of subsequent LTE by genotype. Separate analysis was performed in patients with β-blockers.

Results

A total of 2938 patients were included (mean [SD] age at enrollment, 29 [7] years; 1645 [56%] female). In 1331 patients with LQT1, a first syncope occurred in 365 (27%) and was induced mostly with AD triggers (243 [67%]). Syncope preceded 43 subsequent LTEs (68%). Syncopal episodes associated with AD triggers were associated with the highest risk of subsequent LTE (hazard ratio [HR], 7.61; 95% CI, 4.18-14.20; P < .001), whereas the risk associated with syncopal events due to non-AD triggers was statistically nonsignificant (HR, 1.50; 95% CI, 0.21-4.77; P = .97). In 1106 patients with LQT2, a first syncope occurred in 283 (26%) and was associated with AD and non-AD triggers in 106 (37%) and 177 (63%), respectively. Syncope preceded 55 LTEs (56%). Both AD- and non–AD-triggered syncope were associated with a greater than 3-fold increased risk of subsequent LTE (HR, 3.07; 95% CI, 1.66-5.67; P ≤ .001 and HR, 3.45, 95% CI, 1.96-6.06; P ≤ .001, respectively). In contrast, in 501 patients with LQT3, LTE was preceded by a syncopal episode in 7 (12%). In patients with LQT1 and LQT2, treatment with β-blockers following a syncopal event was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of subsequent LTEs. The rate of breakthrough events during treatment with β-blockers was significantly higher among those treated with selective agents vs nonselective agents.

Conclusion and Relevance

In this study, trigger-specific syncope in LQTS patients was associated with differential risk of subsequent LTE and response to β-blocker therapy.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients With Cutibacterium acnes Endocarditis
Authors: Heinen Floris J. , Arregle Florent , van den Brink Floris S. , Ajmone Marsan Nina , Bernts Lucas , Houthuizen Patrick , Kamp Otto , Roescher Nienke , Timmermans Naomi , Verkaik Nelianne , Roos-Hesselink Jolien , Post Marco C , Habib Gilbert , Tanis Wilco
Published: July 2023

Importance

It is suggested that patients with Cutibacterium acnes endocarditis often present without fever or abnormal inflammatory markers. However, no study has yet confirmed this statement.

Objective

To assess the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with C acnes endocarditis.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A case series of 105 patients presenting to 7 hospitals in the Netherlands and France (4 university hospitals and 3 teaching hospitals) with definite endocarditis according to the modified Duke criteria between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2020, was performed. Clinical characteristics and outcomes were retrieved from medical records. Cases were identified by blood or valve and prosthesis cultures positive for C acnes, retrieved from the medical microbiology databases. Infected pacemaker or internal cardioverter defibrillator lead cases were excluded. Statistical analysis was performed in November 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Main outcomes included symptoms at presentation, presence of prosthetic valve endocarditis, laboratory test results at presentation, time to positive results of blood cultures, 30-day and 1-year mortality rates, type of treatment (conservative or surgical), and endocarditis relapse rates.

Results

A total of 105 patients (mean [SD] age, 61.1 [13.9] years; 96 men [91.4%]; 93 patients [88.6%] with prosthetic valve endocarditis) were identified and included. Seventy patients (66.7%) did not experience fever prior to hospital admission, nor was it present at hospitalization. The median C-reactive protein level was 3.6 mg/dL (IQR, 1.2-7.5 mg/dL), and the median leukocyte count was 10.0 × 103/µL (IQR, 8.2-12.2 × 103/µL). The median time to positive blood culture results was 7 days (IQR, 6-9 days). Surgery or reoperation was indicated for 88 patients and performed for 80 patients. Not performing the indicated surgical procedure was associated with high mortality rates. Seventeen patients were treated conservatively, in accordance with the European Society of Cardiology guideline; these patients showed relatively high rates of endocarditis recurrence (5 of 17 [29.4%]).

Conclusions and Relevance

This case series suggests that C acnes endocarditis was seen predominantly among male patients with prosthetic heart valves. Diagnosing C acnes endocarditis is difficult due to its atypical presentation, with frequent absence of fever and inflammatory markers. The prolonged time to positivity of blood culture results further delays the diagnostic process. Not performing a surgical procedure when indicated seems to be associated with higher mortality rates. For prosthetic valve endocarditis with small vegetations, there should be a low threshold for surgery because this group seems prone to endocarditis recurrence.
Time Interval Between the End of Neoadjuvant Therapy and Elective Resection of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer in the CRONOS Study
Authors: Guzmán Yoelimar , Ríos José , Paredes Jesús , Domínguez Paula , Maurel Joan , González-Abós Carolina , Otero-Piñeiro Ana , Almenara Raúl , Ladra María , Prada Borja , Pascual Marta , Guerrero María Alejandra , García-Granero Álvaro , Fernández Laura , Ochogavia-Seguí Aina , Gamundi-Cuesta Margarita , González-Argente Francesc Xavier , Pons Lorenzo Viso , Centeno Ana , Arrayás Ángela , de Miguel Andrea , Gil-Gómez Elena , Gómez Beatriz , Martínez José Gil , Lacy Antonio M. , de Lacy F. Borja
Published: July 2023

Importance

The treatment for extraperitoneal locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) is neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) followed by total mesorectal excision (TME). Robust evidence on the optimal time interval between NAT completion and surgery is lacking.

Objective

To assess the association of time interval between NAT completion and TME with short- and long-term outcomes. It was hypothesized that longer intervals increase the pathologic complete response (pCR) rate without increasing perioperative morbidity.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study included patients with LARC from 6 referral centers who completed NAT and underwent TME between January 2005 and December 2020. The cohort was divided into 3 groups depending on the time interval between NAT completion and surgery: short (≤8 weeks), intermediate (>8 and ≤12 weeks), and long (>12 weeks). The median follow-up duration was 33 months. Data analyses were conducted from May 1, 2021, to May 31, 2022. The inverse probability of treatment weighting method was used to homogenize the analysis groups.

Exposure

Long-course chemoradiotherapy or short-course radiotherapy with delayed surgery.

Main outcome and Measures

The primary outcome was pCR. Other histopathologic results, perioperative events, and survival outcomes constituted the secondary outcomes.

Results

Among the 1506 patients, 908 were male (60.3%), and the median (IQR) age was 68.8 (59.4-76.5) years. The short-, intermediate-, and long-interval groups included 511 patients (33.9%), 797 patients (52.9%), and 198 patients (13.1%), respectively. The overall pCR was 17.2% (259 of 1506 patients; 95% CI, 15.4%-19.2%). When compared with the intermediate-interval group, no association was observed between time intervals and pCR in short-interval (odds ratio [OR], 0.74; 95% CI, 0.55-1.01) and long-interval (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.73-1.61) groups. The long-interval group was significantly associated with lower risk of bad response (tumor regression grade [TRG] 2-3; OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.24-0.91), systemic recurrence (hazard ratio, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.36-0.96), higher conversion risk (OR, 3.14; 95% CI, 1.62-6.07), minor postoperative complications (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.04-1.97), and incomplete mesorectum (OR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.02-3.50) when compared with the intermediate-interval group.

Conclusions and Relevance

Time intervals longer than 12 weeks were associated with improved TRG and systemic recurrence but may increase surgical complexity and minor morbidity.
Idioms in Morphology
Authors: Everaert Martin
Published: July 2023

What makes idiomaticity an intriguing topic? Not so much that idioms are listed, but the question as to whether the mismatch between syntax and semantics they represent is reflected in their morpho‐syntactic flexibility or in their lexical representation. Everyone seems to agree that (phrasal) idioms are listed in a storage place of idiosyncratic information, often called ‘the lexicon’: here syntax and morphology meet. Semantic idiosyncrasy in morphology is all around but generally is not taken as a manifestation of idiomaticity as defined by syntacticians. That is unfortunate because idiomaticity in morphology perhaps illustrates better that idiomaticity is more than non‐compositionality. It is about conventionalization, manifested as collocational restrictions. This entry will demonstrate that from that perspective idiomaticity manifests itself abundantly in morphology and is differently tackled by recent theories such as Construction Morphology and Distributed Morphology.
Application of recurrent neural networks for modeling and control of a quadruple‐tank system
Authors: Rajasekhar N. , Nagappan K. Kumaran , Radhakrishnan T.K. , Samsudeen N.
Published: July 2023

The quadruple tank (QT) system consists of four interacting tanks and can switch between the minimum and non‐minimum phase behavior with changes in the positions of pump valves and is considered a benchmark control problem. In the present study, long‐short term memory (LSTM), a type of recurrent neural networks (RNN) is designed for the benchmark QT system based on the model‐based control framework. Random input–output sequences are generated from the white box model of the QT system to train an LSTM network model. The LSTM network is tuned by adjusting its hyperparameters such as the number of hidden layers, hidden units, and epochs to minimize the prediction error on the test data. The trained model is cross validated both during and after training to avoid overfitting. Once a reasonably reliable model is obtained, another LSTM network is trained for use as a controller. The network architecture is constantly modified till the controller is able to track the test setpoints with minimum error. This procedure is repeated with a gated recurrent unit (GRU) network and the servo and regulatory response of both the network models and controller are evaluated in terms of standard performance measure namely root mean square error (RMSE), integral square error (ISE), and control effort (CE). It is observed that the controller designed based on RNN performs better than a conventional centralized controller.
Investigation of Ablation Efficiency of Stainless Steel Using Pulsed Lasers in Burst Mode
Authors: Obergfell Dirk , Azarhoushang Bahman , Lasagni Andrés Fabián
Published: July 2023

Due to its high corrosion resistance and mechanical properties, stainless steel is commonly used in various industrial applications. Although different types of stainless steel are similar in their chemical composition, they can differ significantly in their thermal diffusivity. This property is relevant in the ability of a material to conduct heat and thus, in laser processing. In this frame, this study compares the ablation efficiency and characteristics of polished stainless steel samples of the alloys AISI 304, AISI 420, and AISI 316Ti. They are irradiated with single ultrashort pulses having pulse durations between 250 fs and 10 ps as well as using GHz burst modii. The goal is to investigate the differences in both the ablation threshold and the ablation rate to improve the ablation efficiency. The results show that shorter pulse durations lead to a more efficient ablation process. On the other hand, GHz bursts are found to be, in general, less efficient. In addition, there is a significant difference in the surface morphology depending on the process parameters. The differences in the thermal diffusivity do not significantly influence the ablation threshold fluence but surface morphology and the ablation rate.
Oxygen Incorporated MoS2 for Rectification‐Mediated Resistive Switching and Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Xiong Xuya , Wu Fan , Ouyang Yi , Liu Yanming , Wang Zegao , Tian He , Dong Mingdong
Published: July 2023

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) based memristor presents intriguing chance for the implementation bio‐inspired artificial synapse and neural interactions. However, the electrical properties of intrinsic MoS2 single‐crystal film suffer from inevitable lattice defects or structure vacancies as well as restraining reliable resistive switching mechanism. Here, a fundamental study on tunable p‐type doping in MoS2 film by controllable oxygen passivation is reported. In situ KPFM measurements reveal a near‐linear increase in Fermi‐level energy. The TiN/O‐MoS2 memristor exhibits surprising bipolar switching feature, revealing an interesting transition between rectification‐mediated and conduction‐mediated characteristics by means of controllable surficial oxygen kinetics. The resistive window demonstrates nearly symmetric SET and RESET domain and capability to analog programming conductance. Moreover, based on the MoS2 memristor, the accuracy up to 94% for MINST recognition ensures the implementation of neural network and LTP/LTD behaviors. This as‐prepared memristor is capable of mimicking synaptic feature through regulated resistive mechanics and electrode contact interaction, which can be an up‐and‐coming strategy for bio‐realistic electronics.
Modulation of Electron Structure and Dehydrogenation Kinetics of Nickel Phosphide for Hydrazine‐Assisted Self‐Powered Hydrogen Production in Seawater
Authors: Chi Jingqi , Guo Lili , Mao Jiayu , Cui Tong , Zhu Jiawei , Xia Yanan , Lai Jianping , Wang Lei
Published: July 2023

The electrocatalytic production of hydrogen from seawater provides a low‐cost way to realize energy conversion, but is restricted by high potential for seawater electrolysis and the chlorine oxidation reaction (ClOR) at the anode. Here, the self‐growth of Mo‐doped Ni2P nanosheet arrays with rich P vacancies on molybdenum‐nickel foam (MNF) (Mo‐Ni2Pv@MNF) is reported as bifunctional catalyst for Cl‐free hydrogen production by coupling hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) in seawater. Impressively, the Mo‐Ni2Pv@MNF electrode as bifunctional catalyst has an excellent activity for overall hydrazine splitting (OHzS) with an ultralow voltage of only 571 mV at 1000 mA cm−2 and can maintain stability for an ultra‐long time of 1000 h at 100 mA cm−2. Moreover, integration of OHzS into self‐assembled hydrazine fuel cells (DHzFC) or solar cells can enable the self‐powered H2 production. The industrial hydrazine sewage as feed for the above eletrolysis system can be degraded to ≈5 ppb rapidly. Density functional thoery calculations demonstrate that the electronic structure modulation induced by P vacancies and Mo doping can not only achieve thermoneutral ΔGH* for hydrogen evolution reaction but also enhance dehydrogenation kinetics from *N2H4 to *NHNH2 for HzOR, achieving enhanced dehydrogenation kinetics.
Template‐Assisted Electrospun Ordered Hierarchical Microhump Arrays‐Based Multifunctional Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Tactile Sensing and Animal Voice‐Emotion Identification
Authors: Cui Meijie , Guo Hao , Zhai Wei , Liu Chuntai , Shen Changyu , Dai Kun
Published: July 2023

The development of flexible and adaptable multifunctional sensing systems for human–machine interaction, especially for animal voice‐emotion identification, is highly desirable yet quite challenging. Herein, a multifunctional triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) based on ordered hierarchical microhump arrays is proposed and fabricated by template‐assisted electrospinning with a facile, low‐cost, and expandable manufacturing process. Performances of a single‐electrode TENG based on the patterned nanofiber films with microhump arrays (NFM‐TENG) are studied in detail by varying mesh number of the template. Electric field structure of the collector is altered by pore sizes, wire diameters, and protrusions of the receiving templates subjected to different mesh numbers, generating different degrees of microhump arrays on the surface of the nanofiber film. NFM‐TENG demonstrates high sensitivity (15.94 mV Pa−1), fast response and recovery time (76 and 58 ms), a large power density of 122 mW m−2, and excellent ability of structural retention. Integrated with four functions of energy harvesting, pressure sensing, human physiological sensing, and animal voice‐emotion identification, NFM‐TENG achieves real‐time monitoring of human physiological, motion, handwriting, and animal voice‐emotion signals without an external power supply. This study shows significant application strategies for self‐powered human–machine interaction devices, novel animal voice‐emotion identification, biodiversity conservation, and so on.
Synthesis of Planet‐Like Liquid Metal Nanodroplets with Promising Properties for Catalysis
Authors: Parker Caiden J. , Krishnamurthi Vaishnavi , Zuraiqi Karma , Nguyen Chung Kim , Irfan Mehmood , Jabbar Fahad , Yang Dan , Aukarasereenont Mew P. , Mayes Edwin L. H. , Murdoch Billy J. , Elbourne Aaron , Chiang Ken , Daeneke Torben
Published: July 2023

Liquid metal nanodroplets are an emerging class of underexplored materials with significant potential in many applications, including catalysis, bio‐therapeutics, and phase‐change materials. These nanostructures are generally synthesized by mechanical agitation via ultrasonication of low‐melting metals like Ga. Once these materials are successfully synthesized, they can be suspended in a vast array of different solvents. However, one major issue arises specifically with liquid metal alloys which are found to de‐alloy in the sonication process. Here, it is demonstrated that this challenge can be overcome by undertaking sonication at high temperatures, suspending nanodroplets within molten sodium acetate (NaOAc). After cooling, the nanostructures become planet‐like nanodroplets which are covered by an interfacial oxide crust, feature a liquid metal mantle, and a solid core. The molten salt solvent can effectively be removed rendering this approach to be ideal, especially for catalysts. The proof‐of‐concept application is demonstrated by carrying out electrocatalytic ethanol oxidation, using the Cu–Ga system. The superior performance of the Cu–Ga nanodroplets highlights potential in catalyzing a vast array of reactions. Aside from the Cu–Ga system, this facile process can be applied to multiple other systems, including Ag–Ga, Zn–Ga, Bi–Ga, In–Cu, and Sn–Cu.
Dual Mode TENG with Self‐Voltage Multiplying Circuit for Blue Energy Harvesting and Water Wave Monitoring
Authors: Shan Chuncai , He Wencong , Wu Huiyuan , Fu Shaoke , Li Kaixian , Liu Anping , Du Yan , Wang Jian , Mu Qianjin , Liu Boyuan , Xi Yi , Hu Chenguo
Published: July 2023

As the most extensive natural energy on earth, ocean wave energy is regarded as a difficult energy to be fully and efficiently utilized because of its low frequency and multi‐direction movement. Herein, a versatile blue energy triboelectric nanogenerator (VBE‐TENG) fabricated by using dual‐mode output terminals with charge excitation strategy is reported, which can harvest varying water‐wave energy effectively. Benefiting from the rolling ball on a specific track and the compression rebound characteristics of a spring sheet steel, the carrier can be driven along a specific path through random ocean wave energy, and then the energy is converted into electricity by VBE‐TENG. A high peak output power of 34.3 mW is obtained, 2.5 times as much as that of current highest record based on a device unit in blue energy TENG. In addition, the TENG can light 256 LEDs and continuously power commercial electronic devices in wave environments. The average peak voltage of contact‐separation TENG is converted into virtual signal via Labview software to provide wave height monitoring as a self‐powered sensing system. This work provides a new approach in blue energy TENG toward practical applications.
Integrating Energy Band Alignment and Oxygen Vacancies Engineering of TiO2 Anatase/Rutile Homojunction for Kinetics‐Enhanced Li–S Batteries
Authors: Ma Li , Zhang Youquan , Zhang Shuai , Wang Li , Zhang Chunxiao , Chen Yuejiao , Wu Qing , Chen Libao , Zhou Liangjun , Wei Weifeng
Published: July 2023

The inferior shuttle effect of intermediate lithium polysulfides and the sluggish kinetics of sulfur redox reaction are two serious puzzles for the application of lithium–sulfur batteries. Herein, energy band alignment is combined with oxygen vacancies engineering to obtain TiO2 anatase/rutile homojunction (A/R‐TiO2) with effective immobilization and high‐efficiency catalytic conversion of polysulfides. Theoretical calculations and experiments reveal that the near perfect energy band alignment in A/R‐TiO2 is conducive to fluent charge transfer and high catalytic activity, while the rich oxygen vacancies are engineered to provide abundant active sites for anchoring and accelerating conversion of soluble polysulfides. As a result, a battery with A/R‐TiO2‐modified separator delivers a marked sulfur utilization (1210 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and 689 mAh g−1 at 1 C, 3.75 mg cm−2) and a high capacity retention of 63% over 300 cycles at 0.5 C (3.25 mg cm−2). More importantly, the A/R‐TiO2‐modified separator endows the pouch cell with a high capacity of 128.5 mAh at 0.05 C with a lean electrolyte/sulfur ratio for practical application (S loading: 4 mg cm−2).
Intrinsically Stretchable and Efficient Fully Π‐Conjugated Polymer via Internal Plasticization for Flexible Deep‐Blue Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes with CIEy = 0.08
Authors: Zhuo Zhiqiang , Ni Mingjian , An Xiang , Bai Lubing , Liang Xinyu , Yang Jing , Zheng Yingying , Liu Bin , Sun Ning , Sun Lili , Wei Chuanxin , Yu Ningning , Chen Wenyu , Li Mengyuan , Xu Man , Lin Jinyi , Huang Wei
Published: July 2023

Intrinsically stretchable polymeric semiconductors are essential to flexible polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs) owing to their excellent strain tolerance capacity under long‐time deformation operation. Obtaining intrinsic stretchability, robust emission properties, and excellent charge‐transport behavior simultaneously from fully π‐conjugated polymers (FCPs) is difficult, particularly for applications in deep‐blue PLEDs. Herein, an internal plasticization strategy is proposed to introduce a phenyl‐ester plasticizer into polyfluorenes (PF‐MC4, PF‐MC6, and PF‐MC8) for narrowband deep‐blue flexible PLEDs. Compared with controlled poly[4‐(octyloxy)‐9,9‐diphenylfluoren‐2,7‐diyl]‐co‐[5‐(octyloxy)‐9,9‐diphenylfluoren‐2,7‐diyl] (PODPFs) (2.5%), the freestanding PF‐MC8 thin film shows a fracture strain of >25%. The three stretchable films exhibit stable and efficient deep‐blue emission (PLQY > 50%) because of the encapsulation of π‐conjugated backbone via pendant phenyl‐ester plasticizers. The PF‐MC8‐based PLEDs show deep‐blue emission, which corresponds to CIE and EQE values of (0.16, 0.10) and 1.06%, respectively. Finally, the narrowband deep‐blue electroluminescence (FWHM of ≈25 nm; CIE coordinates: (0.15, 0.08)) and performance of the transferred PLEDs based on the PF‐MC8 stretchable film are independent of the tensile ratio (up to 45%); however, they show a maximum brightness of 1976 cd m−2 at a ratio of 35%. Therefore, internal plasticization is a promising approach for designing intrinsically stretchable FCPs for flexible electronics.
Engineering Efficient CAR‐T Cells via Electroactive Nanoinjection
Authors: Shokouhi Ali‐Reza , Chen Yaping , Yoh Hao Zhe , Brenker Jason , Alan Tuncay , Murayama Takahide , Suu Koukou , Morikawa Yasuhiro , Voelcker Nicolas H. , Elnathan Roey
Published: July 2023

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T cell therapy has emerged as a promising cell‐based immunotherapy approach for treating blood disorders and cancers, but genetically engineering CAR‐T cells is challenging due to primary T cells’ sensitivity to conventional gene delivery approaches. The current viral‐based method can typically involve significant operating costs and biosafety hurdles, while bulk electroporation (BEP) can lead to poor cell viability and functionality. Here, a non‐viral electroactive nanoinjection (ENI) platform is developed to efficiently negotiate the plasma membrane of primary human T cells via vertically configured electroactive nanotubes, enabling efficient delivery (68.7%) and expression (43.3%) of CAR genes in the T cells, with minimal cellular perturbation (>90% cell viability). Compared to conventional BEP, the ENI platform achieves an almost threefold higher CAR transfection efficiency, indicated by the significantly higher reporter GFP expression (43.3% compared to 16.3%). By co‐culturing with target lymphoma Raji cells, the ENI‐transfected CAR‐T cells’ ability to effectively suppress lymphoma cell growth (86.9% cytotoxicity) is proved. Taken together, the results demonstrate the platform's remarkable capacity to generate functional and effective anti‐lymphoma CAR‐T cells. Given the growing potential of cell‐based immunotherapies, such a platform holds great promise for ex vivo cell engineering, especially in CAR‐T cell therapy.
Harnessing Supported Gold Nanoparticle as a Single‐Electron Transfer Catalyst for Decarboxylative Cross‐Coupling
Authors: Miura Hiroki , Ameyama Kaede , Shishido Tetsuya
Published: July 2023

We found that gold nanoparticles function as single‐electron transfer catalysts to promote decarboxylative cross‐coupling between N‐hydroxy phthalimide esters and disilanes or diborons. A variety of disilanes coupled with alkyl radicals could be generated from N‐hydroxy phthalimide esters via single‐electron reduction by active carbon‐supported gold nanoparticle catalysts to afford diverse alkylsilanes without the need for external bases. Furthermore, the present gold catalytic system was also effective for decarboxylative carbon‐boron coupling to afford alkyl boronates. A detailed mechanistic investigation revealed that single‐electron transfer mediated by supported gold nanoparticles enabled the generation of alkyl radical and silyl radical, thereby enabling radical cross‐coupling. The reusability and environmentally‐friendly nature of supported gold catalyst as well as the scalability of the reaction system enable the practical transformation of carboxylic acid derivatives into value‐added organosilicon and organoboron compounds.
Ru–W Pair Sites Enabling the Ensemble Catalysis for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Ma Weilong , Yang Xiaoyu , Li Dingding , Xu Ruixin , Nie Liangpeng , Zhang Baoping , Wang Yi , Wang Shuang , Wang Gang , Diao Jinxiang , Zheng Lirong , Bai Jinbo , Leng Kunyue , Li Xiaolin , Qu Yunteng
Published: July 2023

Simultaneously optimizing elementary steps, such as water dissociation, hydroxyl transferring, and hydrogen combination, is crucial yet challenging for achieving efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline media. Herein, Ru single atom‐doped WO2 nanoparticles with atomically dispersed Ru–W pair sites (Ru–W/WO2‐800) are developed using a crystalline lattice‐confined strategy, aiming to gain efficient alkaline HER. It is found that Ru–W/WO2‐800 exhibits remarkable HER activity, characterized by a low overpotential (11 mV at 10 mA cm−2), notable mass activity (5863 mA mg−1 Ru at 50 mV), and robust stability (500 h at 250 mA cm−2). The highly efficient activity of Ru–W/WO2‐800 is attributed to the synergistic effect of Ru–W sites through ensemble catalysis. Specifically, the W sites expedite rapid hydroxyl transferring and water dissociation, while the Ru sites accelerate the hydrogen combination process, synergistically facilitating the HER activity. This study opens a promising pathway for tailoring the coordination environment of atomic‐scale catalysts to achieve efficient electro‐catalysis.
The rebel, the professor, and the entrepreneur: Qualitative study to explore creator stories of FOAM
Authors: Zuckerman Matthew , Pardis Parnian , Horsley Tanya , Dhanireddy Bhargavi , YIlmaz Yusuf , Gottlieb Michael , Thoma Brent , Chan Teresa M.
Published: July 2023

Introduction

The free open access medical education (#FOAMed, or FOAM) movement creates educational content intended to inform medical education and clinical practice and is distributed in an unrestricted fashion (e.g., open access website). The who, what, and in particular the how of FOAM has raised important questions about the sustainability of the movement.

Methods

We recruited a diverse research team that included educational researchers, FOAM contributors, a business academician, and medical trainees to design and conduct a qualitative study exploring the work of FOAM creators. We analyzed the transcripts of interviews with 11 participants from top FOAM websites in emergency medicine and critical care. The team met frequently to iteratively identify and discuss emergent themes (major and minor) until saturation of concepts was achieved.

Results

Creators of FOAM could be categorized using three archetypes: the rebel, the professor, and the entrepreneur. The rebel was categorized as distinctly rejecting “traditional academic structures” yet was compelled to deliver educational content via alternative routes. The professor retained a traditional academic role, instead creating FOAM to supplement academic activities (teaching courses, disseminating scholarship, promotion). Entrepreneurs focused on creating a sustainable entity in an effort to supplement their income and reduce clinical obligations.

Conclusion

While all FOAM creators appear unified in their passion to create, promote, and distribute educational material with unfettered access to educators, their motivations for creating content could be differentiated. Given the grassroots nature of FOAM, creators share concerns related to financing, time commitments, and threats to sustainability of these businesses. The longevity of FOAM and what business models are best suited to support them are uncertain. Further exploration of the implications could investigate the best ways to engage with and support the different FOAM creator archetypes and develop models of sustainability.
On the relationship between green space and civic engagement: The roles of well‐being, outgroup trust, and activity level
Authors: Ng Henry Kin Shing , Chow Sin Yau
Published: July 2023

Much research has been devoted to the positive effect of green space on prosociality, but little is known about its impact on civic engagement. It is also unclear how the effect takes place. This research fills the voids by regressing 2440 US citizen's civic engagement on the vegetation density and park area in their neighborhoods. It further examines if the effect is due to changes in well‐being, interpersonal trust, or activity level. Park area predicts higher civic engagement, which is mediated by higher trust in outgroups. However, the data is inconclusive about the effect of vegetation density and the well‐being mechanism. In contrast to the activity hypothesis, the effect of parks on civic engagement is stronger in unsafe neighborhoods, suggesting that they are valuable resources to combat neighborhood problems. The results bring insights into how individuals and communities can benefit the most from green spaces in the neighborhood.
Indirect effect of race‐related stress on traumatic stress and depression symptoms via subjective social status in a Black community sample
Authors: Obenauf Caterina , Mekawi Yara , Lathan Emma C. , Hinojosa Cecilia A. , Thomas Joel G. , Stevens Jennifer S. , Powers Abigail , Michopoulos Vasiliki , Carter Sierra
Published: July 2023

Experiencing racism is linked to lower subjective social status (SSS), defined as one's perception of their position in society. SSS is influenced by power, prestige, and objective socioeconomic status (SES). Previous findings suggest that race‐related stress may be related to adverse mental health outcomes through SSS in Black Americans, a population that has been deeply affected by continuing legacies of oppression. The current study examines the indirect association between race‐related stress and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression symptoms through SSS in a community sample of largely trauma‐exposed Black Americans (N = 173). Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that overall race‐related stress significantly predicted lower SSS, higher PTSD symptoms, and higher depression symptoms. Analyses also revealed indirect effects of cultural race‐related stress on PTSD and depression symptoms through SSS after controlling for SES. Results suggest that the experience of race‐related stress, particularly cultural race‐related stress, which involves the degradation and disparagement of one's culture and worldview, is associated with more severe PTSD and depression symptoms potentially due to these experiences decreasing Black Americans' SSS. Findings support the need for systemic intervention strategies to disrupt the cultural oppression of Black Americans and improve the societal value and mental health of this population.
Patterns of alleged offending amongst Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal young people in the Northern Territory of Australia, 1997–2019
Authors: He Vincent Yaofeng , Condon John R. , Malvaso Catia G. , Williams Tamika , Liddle Leanne , Blagg Harry , Guthridge Steven
Published: July 2023

In Australia, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are much more likely to be arrested, charged with criminal offences and imprisoned than other Australians. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders comprise 49% of young people in detention but only 5.8% of the Australian population aged 10–17. This study investigated changes between 1997 and 2019 in the interaction of Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal young people with the justice system in the Northern Territory (NT) of Australia. The prevalence of young people being charged with an alleged offence decreased by more than 60% between 1999 and 2001, co‐incident with the introduction of the Juvenile Diversion Scheme in August 2000. Thereafter, for non‐Aboriginal young people there was a small and temporary increase, but for Aboriginal young people prevalence increased almost back to pre‐2000 levels by 2015 before starting to decrease. Aboriginal young people comprised 57% of those charged with any offence in 1997, rising to 88% in 2019. Further investigation is needed to understand the reasons for divergent trends in the prevalence of alleged offending for Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal young people, which may include the role of diversion, differences in the nature of offences and systemic bias and racism.
In vivo‐Stoffwechselbildgebung mit [1‐13C]Pyruvat‐d3, hyperpolarisiert durch reversiblen Austausch mit Parawasserstoff**
Authors: de Maissin Henri , Groß Philipp R. , Mohiuddin Obaid , Weigt Moritz , Nagel Luca , Herzog Marvin , Wang Zirun , Willing Robert , Reichardt Wilfried , Pichotka Martin , Heß Lisa , Reinheckel Thomas , Jessen Henning J. , Zeiser Robert , Bock Michael , von Elverfeldt Dominik , Zaitsev Maxim , Korchak Sergey , Glöggler Stefan , Hövener Jan‐Bernd , Chekmenev Eduard Y. , Schilling Franz , Knecht Stephan , Schmidt Andreas B.
Published: July 2023

Die metabolische Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) mit hyperpolarisiertem (HP) Pyruvat wird zu einer vielversprechenden, nicht‐invasiven Technik für die Diagnose, die Charakterisierung und die Überwachung bei Behandlung von Krebs, sowie bei anderen Erkrankungen. Die klinisch etablierte Methode zur Herstellung HP‐Pyruvats, die dynamische Kernpolarisation, ist jedoch ein komplexes und langwieriges Verfahren. Die Signalverstärkung durch reversiblen Austausch (SABRE) ist eine ultraschnelle und kostengünstige Methode, die auf einem schnellen chemischen Austausch beruht. Hier demonstrieren wir zum ersten Mal eine in vivo‐Anwendung, sowie auch metabolische MRT mit SABRE. Wir präsentieren eine neuartige Routine zur Herstellung von wässrigem HP‐[1‐13C]Pyruvat‐d3 innerhalb von sechs Minuten, zur Anwendung in lebenden Organismen. Die injizierte Lösung war steril, ungiftig, pH‐neutral und enthielt ≈30 mM [1‐13C]Pyruvat‐d3, polarisiert auf ≈11 % (Rückstände von 250 mM Methanol und 20 μM Katalysator). Es wurde durch schnelle Lösungsmittelverdampfung und Metallfiltrierung gewonnen, die wir in diesem Manuskript ausführlich beschreiben. Diese Ergebnisse machen die HP‐Pyruvat‐MRT für eine breite biomedizinische Gemeinschaft zur schnellen metabolischen Bildgebung von lebenden Organismen verfügbar.
Die entscheidende Rolle von Sb2F10 bei der chemischen Synthese von F2
Authors: Möbs Martin , Dixon David A. , de Melo Gabriel F. , Vasiliu Monica , Graubner Tim , Christe Karl O. , Kraus Florian
Published: July 2023

Die Synthese von elementarem Fluor auf rein chemischem Weg ist spektakulär und galt länger als ein Jahrhundert als unmöglich. Im Jahr 1986 war man schließlich erfolgreich. Seitdem wurde diese wichtige Reaktion nicht weiter untersucht und ihr detaillierter Mechanismus blieb ein Rätsel. Die ursprüngliche Hypothese eines thermodynamisch instabilen MnF4, welches sich spontan zu einem Manganfluorid niedrigerer Oxidationsstufe und elementarem Fluor zersetzt, wird durch die bekannte thermische Stabilität von MnF4 in Frage gestellt. Diese scheinbare Diskrepanz konnte nun experimentell und durch quantenchemische Rechnungen aufgeklärt werden. Die reduktive Eliminierung von F2 aus MnF4 erfordert einen großen Überschuss an SbF5. Sie findet im letzten Reaktionsschritt statt, wenn sich an das Zwischenprodukt [SbF6][MnF2][Sb2F11] ein weiteres SbF5‐Molekül unter Bildung eines weiteren tridentaten [Sb2F11]−‐Anions anlagert. Die beiden [Sb2F11]−‐Anionen stellen dem Mn‐Atom so sechs verbrückende F‐Atome zur Verfügung und ermöglichen damit die reduktive Eliminierung der beiden terminalen Fluoridoliganden als F2.
On‐Demand Control of Short‐Wave Infrared Light Transparency Based on Stimuli‐Responsive Association of Tetrathiafulvalene Radical Cations
Authors: Suzuki Shuichi , Sakai Toshihiro , Takagi Sota , Naota Takeshi
Published: July 2023

The light‐transmissive properties of a solid‐state tetrathiafulvalene radical cation‐bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 1‐C5⋅+ ⋅ NTf2−, underwent instantaneous changes in the short‐wave infrared (SWIR) region (1000–2500 nm) upon exposure to solvent vapor or the application of mechanostress at room temperature. The initial solid state of 1‐C5⋅+ ⋅ NTf2− exhibited strong absorption in the near‐infrared (NIR; 700–1000 nm) and SWIR regions, whereas the absorption in the SWIR region was significantly diminished in the stimulated state induced by dichloromethane vapor. Upon cessation of vapor stimulation, the solid state spontaneously and promptly reverted to its original state, characterized by absorption bands in the NIR/SWIR region. Moreover, the SWIR absorption was absent upon the application of mechanical stress using a steel spatula. The reversal was fast and occurred within 10 s. These changes were visualized using a SWIR imaging camera under 1450‐nm light irradiation. Experimental investigations demonstrated that the transparency to the SWIR light in the solid states was modulated through significant structural transformations of the associated radical cations, with transitions between columnar and isolated π‐dimer structures under ambient and stimulated conditions, respectively.