bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Canopy Extraction and Height Estimation of Trees in a Shelter Forest Based on Fusion of an Airborne Multispectral Image and Photogrammetric Point Cloud
Authors: Wang Xuewen , Zhao Qingzhan , Han Feng , Zhang Jianxin , Jiang Ping
Published: June 2021

To reduce data acquisition cost, this study proposed a novel method of individual tree height estimation and canopy extraction based on fusion of an airborne multispectral image and photogrammetric point cloud. A fixed‐wing drone was deployed to acquire the true color and multispectral images of a shelter forest. The Structure‐from‐Motion (SfM) algorithm was used to reconstruct the 3D point cloud of the canopy. The 3D point cloud was filtered to acquire the ground point cloud and then interpolated to a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) using the Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN). The DEM was subtracted from the Digital Surface Model (DSM) generated from the original point cloud to get the canopy height model (CHM). The CHM was processed for the crown extraction using local maximum filters and watershed segmentation. Then, object‐oriented methods were employed in the combination of 12 bands and CHM for image segmentation. To extract the tree crown, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm was used. The result of the object‐oriented method was vectorized and superimposed on the CHM to estimate the tree height. Experimental results demonstrated that it is efficient to employ point cloud and the proposed approach has great potential in the tree height estimation. The proposed object‐oriented method based on fusion of a multispectral image and CHM effectively reduced the oversegmentation and undersegmentation, with an increase in the F‐score by 0.12–0.17. Our findings provided a reference for the health and change monitoring of shelter forests as well.
NOX4‐Derived ROS Mediates TGF‐β1‐Induced Metabolic Reprogramming during Epithelial‐Mesenchymal Transition through the PI3K/AKT/HIF‐1α Pathway in Glioblastoma
Authors: Su Xiangsheng , Yang Yihang , Guo Changfa , Zhang Rui , Sun Shicheng , Wang Yanjun , Qiao Qiujiang , Fu Yibing , Pang Qi
Published: June 2021

Current studies on tumor progression focus on the roles of cytokines in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and recent research shows that transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) released from TME plays a pivotal role in tumor development and malignant transformation. The alteration in cellular metabolism is a hallmark of cancer, which not only provides cancer cells with ATP for fuel cellular reactions, but also generates metabolic intermediates for the synthesis of essential cellular ingredients, to support cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Interestingly, we found a distinct metabolic change during TGF‐β1‐induced epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) in glioblastoma cells. Indeed, TGF‐β1 participates in metabolic reprogramming, and the molecular basis is still not well understood. NADPH oxidases 4 (NOX4), a member of the Nox family, also plays a key role in the biological effects of glioblastoma. However, the relationship between NOX4, TGF‐β1, and cellular metabolic changes during EMT in glioblastoma remains obscure. Here, our findings demonstrated that TGF‐β1 upregulated NOX4 expression accompanied by reactive oxygen species (ROS) through Smad‐dependent signaling and then induced hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α) overexpression and nuclear accumulation resulting in metabolic reprogramming and promoting EMT. Besides, inhibition of glycolysis reversed EMT suggesting a causal relationship between TGF‐β1‐induced metabolic changes and tumorigenesis. Moreover, TGF‐β1‐induced metabolic reprogramming and EMT which modulated by NOX4/ROS were blocked when the phosphoinositide3‐kinase (PI3K)/AKT/HIF‐1α signaling pathways were inhibited. In conclusion, these suggest that NOX4/ROS induction by TGF‐β1 can be one of the main mechanisms mediating the metabolic reprogramming during EMT of glioblastoma cells and provide promising strategies for cancer therapy.
Combined Orthodontic and Surgical Management for Treatment of Severe Class III Malocclusion with Anterior and Posterior Crossbites
Authors: Alogaibi Yahya A. , Alsulaimani Fahad F. , Jamal Basem , Mitwally Rania
Published: June 2021

Severe class III malocclusion can be a great challenge, especially in adult patients. This case report describes an adult patient with severe skeletal class III malocclusion and with an obvious maxillary deficiency and mandibular excess causing both anterior and posterior crossbites in addition to a shift in the upper and lower midlines to the left concerning the facial midline. This was complicated by compensatory mechanisms such as the proclination of upper incisors and retroclination of lower incisors. Decompensation of the upper and lower arches was performed combined with upper arch expansion to relieve crowding in the upper arch and correct the posterior crossbite. This was followed by double jaw surgeries, including Le Fort I osteotomy in the maxilla and bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) in the mandible. Orthodontic finishing procedures were then used to correct any other dental discrepancies. Remarkable esthetic and functional results were achieved with high patient satisfaction.
Integration of Multiband InSAR and Leveling Measurements for Analyzing the Surface Subsidence of Shield Tunneling at Beijing‐Zhangzhou High‐Speed Railway
Authors: Yan Yueguan , Yang Qian , Jia Zhihui , Zhang Xiaoyi , Dai Huayang , Ng Alex Hay-Man
Published: June 2021

In modern life, metro and high‐speed rails have become indispensable transportation and have been playing an important role in many areas, especially in cities. The metro and high‐speed rails have varying degrees of impact on the surface and surrounding buildings, which must be carefully understood to minimize the risk of hazards. This work is aimed at investigating the deformation of ground surface and the surrounding structures, caused by the excavation of underground tunnels. Because of the spatiotemporal characteristics of the land subsidence induced by underground tunnel construction, the measurements obtained from InSAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry) and leveling techniques are integrated to study the subsidence phenomenon of the ground surface above the shield tunnels and the surrounding buildings. The subsidence‐related parameters, including the advance angles, lag angles, and boundary angles, are derived from the deformation results. This study suggests that leveling and InSAR observations can provide technical support to study the subsidence of dense buildings on the surface of shield tunnel excavation and to protect the surrounding environment.
Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm with Multiple Phases for Solving Continuous Optimization Problems
Authors: Li Jing , Sun Yifei , Hou Sicheng
Published: June 2021

An algorithm with different parameter settings often performs differently on the same problem. The parameter settings are difficult to determine before the optimization process. The variants of particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms are studied as exemplars of swarm intelligence algorithms. Based on the concept of building block thesis, a PSO algorithm with multiple phases was proposed to analyze the relation between search strategies and the solved problems. Two variants of the PSO algorithm, which were termed as the PSO with fixed phase (PSOFP) algorithm and PSO with dynamic phase (PSODP) algorithm, were compared with six variants of the standard PSO algorithm in the experimental study. The benchmark functions for single-objective numerical optimization, which includes 12 functions in 50 and 100 dimensions, are used in the experimental study, respectively. The experimental results have verified the generalization ability of the proposed PSO variants.
New Environmental Protection Taxes in China from the Perspective of Environmental Economics
Authors: Tu Qianyang , Wang Ying
Published: June 2021

In recent decades, most countries have implemented environmental protection by formulating relevant environmental regulations to reduce environmental pollution and improve environmental quality. China enacted new Environmental Protection Tax Law in 2018 and abolished the old system of pollution discharge fees. This paper analyzes and predicts the effectiveness of these new environmental tax policies within the framework of a macroeconometric dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model. Bayesian estimation is applied to estimate dynamic parameters based on China’s macroeconomic data from 1978 to 2018. We find that the implementation of China’s new environmental tax will lead to a significant increase in environmental quality through a reduction in the amount of pollution. However, the study reveals that new environmental taxes may have certain negative influences on economic growth. Consumption, output, wages, and capital could fall by 1.26%, 0.34%, 1.16%, and 1.12%, respectively, which may slow the pace of China’s development.
Effect of Alternating Stray Current Density on Corrosion Behavior of X80 Steel under Disbonded Coating
Authors: Ding Qing-Miao , Qin Yong-Xiang , Shen Tao , Gao Yu-ning
Published: June 2021

In this paper, the effect of alternating stray current (AC) density on the corrosion behavior of X80 steel under disbonded coating was studied by electrochemical methods, wire beam electrode (WBE) technology, and surface observation technology. The results showed that under the interference of different AC densities, the corrosion potential of X80 steel under disbonded coating underwent negative deviation, and the degree of negative deviation increased with the increase of AC density. The corrosion current density of X80 steel under disbonded coating with the action of 0~100 A/m2 AC density had few differences. While the corrosion current density of X80 steel with the action of 200~300 A/m2 AC density increased and the corrosion current density was higher than that under low AC density. The cathode area of the wire beam electrode under disbonded coating is mainly distributed outside and the edge of the gap between disbonded coating and X80 steel, while the anode area is mainly distributed inside the gap.
A Class of Sextic Trigonometric Bézier Curve with Two Shape Parameters
Authors: Naseer Salma , Abbas Muhammad , Emadifar Homan , Bi Samia Bi , Nazir Tahir , Shah Zaheer Hussain
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we present a new class of sextic trigonometric Bernstein (ST-Bernstein, for short) basis functions with two shape parameters along with their geometric properties which are similar to the classical Bernstein basis functions. A sextic trigonometric Bézier (ST-Bézier, for short) curve with two shape parameters and their geometric characteristics is also constructed. The continuity constraints for the connection of two adjacent ST-Bézier curves segments are discussed. Shape control parameters can provide an opportunity to modify the shape of curve as designer desired. Some open and closed curves are also part of this study.
An Unusual Case of Recurrent Migration of the Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter into the Inguinal Hernia Sac
Authors: Fukuzaki Haruna , Nakata Junichiro , Shirotani Yuka , Shimizu Yuki , Maiguma Masayuki , Nohara Nao , Suzuki Yusuke
Published: June 2021

We herein report the first case of a patient with recurrent migration of the peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter into the inguinal hernia sac. A 58-year-old man suffered from end-stage renal disease due to polycystic kidney disease (PKD). A year before starting PD, a PD catheter was implanted with stepwise initiation of PD using the Moncrief-Popovich technique. He complained of drain failure and right inguinal swelling during the induction period and was diagnosed with right inguinal hernia. Further examination revealed that the PD catheter tip had migrated into the inguinal hernia sac. Although surgery was planned, the PD catheter tip spontaneously migrated back into the intra-peritoneal space. 14 months later, he noticed fill and drain failure again. Diagnosis was PD catheter dysfunction due to migration into the right inguinal hernia sac. PD was resumed without issues after repositioning of the PD catheter and repair of the inguinal hernia. Inguinal hernia is a frequent complication in PD patients, especially in those with PKD. Early diagnosis and treatment of hernia should be considered in PD patients.
Comparing the Effects of Febuxostat and Allopurinol in an Animal Model of Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Nadwa Eman H. , Morcos George N.B. , Salama Nagwan M. , Shafik Amani N.
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Recent studies highlighted the association of hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome (MS). The aim of this study was to compare the beneficial effects of febuxostat versus allopurinol on the biochemical changes that occur in MS. Methods: Forty adult male Sprague Dawley albino rats were used in the study. Insulin resistance and MS were induced by administration of a high-fructose diet for 8 weeks. Follow-up of changes in weight, blood pressure, serum biochemical parameters, serum antioxidant catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities was done. At the end of the study, animals were sacrificed, and the thoracic aorta was isolated for in vitro study of the endothelial integrity. Results: Allopurinol and febuxostat treatment induced significant reduction in body weight, systolic blood pressure, blood glucose, insulin, lipids, and improved kidney functions and endothelial integrity compared to nontreated rats. Febuxostat was more effective than allopurinol in normalizing serum fasting glucose, uric acid, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities. Conclusion: Xanthine oxidase inhibitors ameliorated the effects of MS. Febuxostat was mildly superior to allopurinol in lowering serum fasting glucose, lipids, uric acid, and antioxidant enzyme activities.
O bibliotecário em pauta na prática de contar histórias: uma atividade educativa incentivada nas bibliotecas escolares da Grande Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil
Authors: Miguel Marcelo Calderari , Carvalho Sandra Maria Souza de
Published: June 2021

O ato de contar histórias acompanha a humanidade desde os primórdios e, essa trajetória impõe e vem estruturando novos âmbitos de atuação. Assim, o objetivo do estudo é analisar e compreender o ato de contar histórias na trajetória profissional de alguns bibliotecários escolares que atuam no Ensino Fundamental na região metropolitana de Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil (RMGV-ES). A articulação metodológica baseia-se no método da História de Vida e, retoma as narrativas profissionais e as examina numa abordagem sócio-interacionista. O resultado situa que a contação de histórias é uma manifestação que entrelaça a imaginação e a criação; e tal arte se apoiando muitas vezes em uma subjetividade transformadora que faz com que se mantenha viva e disseminada a memória comunicativa e cultural. Em síntese, na via da ação cultural, o ato de contar histórias reconstruí e ressignifica a conjuntura das práticas leitoras e, em geral, os entrevistados assinalam que o curso de graduação não os prepara para a realização dessas atividades. Nesse painel, sugerem os profissionais que o ato de contar histórias deve ser incluído no currículo dos cursos de biblioteconomia. Assim, a biblioteca escolar tem a incumbência de ser um orbe de conhecimento, flexibilidade cultural, exercício da cidadania e locus creationis – para múltiplas trocas e intervenções literárias. A conclusão situa que a ação de contar histórias traz significado e valor para o processo ensino-aprendizagem na educação, principalmente para alunos do ensino fundamental. Frisa-se que a biblioteca escolar e o bibliotecário, com a contação de histórias, auxiliam o desenvolvimento educacional e social do discente, estimulando o mundo da imaginação e o despertar de novos leitores.
Editorial
Authors: Sabbag Deise Maria Antonio
Published: June 2021

Biblioteca Escolar em Revista, v. 7, n. 2, 2021
Da Primeira Quadra ao Calçadão: narrativas sobre a pedestrianização do centro de Santa Maria (RS)
Authors: Maciel Filipe Bassan Marinho , Fialho Daniela Marzola , Rigatti Décio
Published: June 2021

Este trabalho investiga as diferentes narrativas suscitadas pela implantação de um calçadão no centro de Santa Maria, interior do Rio Grande do Sul em 1979. Analisaram-se o discurso e as ações de um conjunto de atores sociais, a partir da perspectiva da História Cultural, tendo como fontes uma entrevista e reportagens de jornal. Os moradores da chamada Primeira Quadra foram os que se mostraram mais contrários à sua transformação em calçadão. Já a Prefeitura, o arquiteto responsável pelo projeto, os comerciantes e os usuários do espaço apresentaram discursos alinhados em torno de um objetivo comum: construir a imagem de um centro mais humano e moderno, do mesmo modo como cidades maiores estavam fazendo.
Different Predictive Factors for Early Neurological Deterioration Based on the Location of Single Subcortical Infarction
Authors: Nam Ki-Woong , Kwon Hyung-Min , Lee Yong-Seok
Published: June 2021

Background and Purpose:

Patients with single subcortical infarctions (SSIs) have relatively a favorable prognosis, but they often experience early neurological deterioration (END). In this study, we compared the predictors for END in patients with SSI according to the location of the lesion.

Methods:

We included consecutive patients with SSIs within 72 hours of symptom onset presenting between 2010 and 2016. END was defined as an increase of ≥2 in the total National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score or ≥1 in the motor NIHSS score within the first 72 hours of admission. Along with the analysis of all patients with SSI, we also analyzed the predictors for END in proximal/distal SSI patients and anterior/posterior circulation SSI patients.

Results:

A total of 438 patients with SSI were evaluated. In multivariable analysis, initial NIHSS score (adjusted odds ratio, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.15–1.60]), pulsatility index (adjusted odds ratio, 1.25 [95% CI, 1.03–1.52]), parent artery disease (adjusted odds ratio, 2.14 [95% CI, 1.06–4.33]), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (adjusted odds ratio, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.04–1.49]) were positively associated with END. In patients with proximal SSI, initial NIHSS score, pulsatility index, parent artery disease, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio showed positive associations with END. Meanwhile, no variable related to END was found in the distal SSI group. When we compared the predictors for END based on the involved vascular territory, higher initial NIHSS score and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio were significantly associated with END in patients with anterior circulation SSIs. On the contrary, higher pulsatility index values and the presence of parent artery disease were independent predictors for END in patients with SSIs in the posterior circulation.

Conclusions:

Initial NIHSS score, pulsatility index, parent artery disease, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio are associated with END in patients with SSIs. The frequency and predictors for END differ depending on the location of the SSI.
Assessment of Extreme Precipitation Indices over Indochina and South China in CMIP6 Models
Authors: Tang Bin , Hu Wenting , Duan Anmin
Published: June 2021

Precipitation extremes over the Indochina and South China (INCSC) region simulated by 40 global climate models from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) were quantitatively assessed based on the skill score metrics of four extreme precipitation indices when compared with observational results from a high-resolution daily precipitation dataset for 1958–2014. The results show that it is difficult for most of the CMIP6 models to reproduce the observed spatial pattern of extreme precipitation indices in the INCSC region. The interannual variability of the extreme precipitation indices is relatively better simulated for South China than for Indochina. In general, most of the CMIP6 models perform better in South China compared with Indochina when taking both the simulations of spatial pattern and interannual variability into consideration. Only three models (EC-EARTH3, EC-EARTH3-Veg, and NorESM2-MM) can successfully reproduce both the spatial pattern and the interannual variability for the INCSC region. Through model ranking, the multimodel ensemble generated by a selection of the most skillful models leads to a more realistic simulation of the extreme precipitation indices both in South China and Indochina. Better simulation of the meridional wind component over South China and the water vapor convergence over Indochina can partly reduce the wet biases, resulting in a more realistic simulation of extreme precipitation indices over the INCSC region.
Revisiting the Ocean’s Nonisostatic Response to 5-Day Atmospheric Loading: New Results Based on Global Bottom Pressure Records and Numerical Modeling
Authors: Thomson Richard E. , Fine Isaac V.
Published: June 2021

We use bottom pressure records from 59 sites of the global tsunami warning system to examine the nonisostatic response of the World Ocean to surface air pressure forcing within the 4–6-day band. It is within this narrow “5-day” band that sea level fluctuations strongly depart from the isostatic inverted barometer response. Numerical simulations of the observed bottom pressures were conducted using a two-dimensional Princeton Ocean Model forced at the upper boundary by two versions of the air pressure loading: (i) an analytical version having the form of the westward propagating, 5-day Rossby–Haurwitz air pressure mode; and (ii) an observational version based on a 16-yr record of global-scale atmospheric reanalysis data with a spatial resolution of 2.5°. Simulations from the two models—consisting of barotropic standing waves of millibar amplitudes and near uniform phases in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans—are in close agreement and closely reproduce the observed bottom pressures. The marked similarity of the outputs from the two models and the ability of both models to accurately reproduce the seafloor pressure records indicate a pronounced dynamic response of the World Ocean to nonstationary air pressure fields resembling the theoretical Rossby–Haurwitz air pressure mode.
Making and unmaking masculinities in Cairo through sonic infrastructural violence
Authors: Frederika Malmström Maria
Published: June 2021

This article explores the Egyptian state’s production of desired manhood and destruction of unwanted masculinities in relation to home and displacement through audio-focused analysis and a focus on sonic infrastructures. While sonic infrastructures can be used as a form of political control and violence, my work in Egypt also shows how people, through sound and sonic resistance, navigate and shape sonic landscapes of insecurity, violence and liminality, as well as resisting displacement and claiming space. In Cairo, where political unrest over the past decade has produced new imaginaries and maps of belonging, men opposing the politics of the current regime have been expelled by the state from their own city; deprived of rights, safety, status and dignity. The institutions of state power employ sound as a political representation, and control, monitor, limit as well as threaten the population through the sonic. All of these sound systems operate at auditory, corporeal and sociocultural frequencies. There are countless examples of how materialised sonic experiences are consciously constructed and used by the autocratic military regime in Egypt to discipline and ‘produce’ its subjects, through for example forbidding particular music; monitoring its residents and thereby employing control by listening; using unbearable loud sounds during torture; or closing downtown bars, cafes and bookshops and thereby sonically controlling and limiting parts of the cityscape of Cairo. These sonic materialised experiences are connected to how gendered bodies are excluded, un/remade, produced, expressed and negotiated.
Other Urban Christians: The Cities in Revelation 1–3
Authors: Neyrey Jerome H.
Published: June 2021

As impressive as is Meeks' First Urban Christians, it studies ancient cities “from above,” i.e., the perspective of elites and their retainers. He does not appreciate the meanness of cities in Asia Minor from the crowded and perilous perspective of the 85% of the population. This absence can be supplied by studies which consider “city” in cultural terms (a system, a central place, a necropolis, etc). These studies alert us to the scarcity of food, water, space, and sanitation. The use of social science models depicts a grim scene in terms of size, population density, and mortality. All of this makes us turn our gaze from the elite parts of a city to the squalid parts where those addressed in the seven letters in Revelation 1–3 dwelt. When those letters are considered in this context, certain materials concerning virtues and vices stand out. Without appreciating where the 85% of the population strove to survive, we cannot appreciate what is said to them.
Miracles and Methods
Authors: Ravnå Per Bjarne
Published: June 2021

Prominent scholars in the field of historical Jesus research have argued that historians should be willing to accept all sorts of miracles that are convincingly attested to in the sources. The present article agrees with this view in principle but argues that, if analysed with the ordinary source-critical methods of conventional historical scholarship, there are significant and systematic differences in the source-critical strength of the stories. Miracles that fit inside a modern scientific worldview seem to have a stronger foundation in the sources than miracles that do not. The difference is quite clear when one compares the stories about how Jesus raised the dead, but it is also visible when one compares stories of other miracles. There are at least two ways of explaining these differences. One is that they are created by the scepticism of the modern scientific worldview of this writer. The other is that the differences exist in the sources because some of the miracle stories go back to memories of real events, while others do not.
Speciation in Nascent Markets: Collective learning through cultural and material scaffolding
Authors: Casasnovas Guillermo , Ferraro Fabrizio
Published: June 2021

The construction of market infrastructure is a key component of market formation. In this article, we explore when and how this process leads to the fragmentation of a nascent market. We study the emergence of new markets in the context of social and impact investing in the United Kingdom during the period 1999 to 2019. We identify a recursive process of building the cultural and material infrastructure of the market, which we label cultural and material scaffolding, that drives collective learning by envisioning alternative futures and conducting institutional trials. We show how this scaffolding process explains the split between the social investment and the impact investment markets, which we theorize as market speciation. We identify two scope conditions under which we expect speciation to occur: field overlap and material anchoring. The paper contributes to the literature on market formation, and to the empirical understanding of how social and impact investment have emerged.
Using Strength and Risk Factors to Inform Treatment Typologies Over Time for Men on Community Supervision
Authors: Wanamaker Kayla A. , Brown Shelley L.
Published: June 2021

This study examines treatment typologies over time and their relationship to reoffending outcomes. Latent transition analysis was conducted with 6,675 men on community supervision in Alberta, Canada using risk and strength factors measured by the Service Planning Instrument (Orbis Partners, 2003). Three timepoints were assessed: Time 1 = first assessment within 90 days of start of supervision, Time 2 = 3 to 8 months post initial assessment, and Time 3 = 9 to 14 months post initial assessment. Five profiles consistently emerged: Low risk/Low strength profile, Aggressive, complex need/Low strength profile, Moderate risk/Moderate strength profile, Low risk/High strength profile, and Non-aggressive, complex need/Low strength profile. At Time 3, a sixth profile emerged labeled Moderate complex need/Low strength. Profiles characterized as aggressive and those with complex needs had highest rates of reoffending. Results demonstrate the utility of incorporating strengths, mental health needs, and adverse childhood experiences in risk assessment protocols.
Potential of wind energy in Medina, Saudi Arabia based on Weibull distribution parameters
Authors: AlQdah Khaled S , Alahmdi Raed , Alansari Abdulrahman , Almoghamisi Abdulrahman , Abualkhair Mohanad , Awais Muhammad
Published: June 2021

This study aims to assess the potential of wind energy in Medina by using Weibull probability distribution to provide an insight concerning the energy production from the selected wind turbine Aventa AV-7. Scale factors c and shape k of Weibull distribution, were determined for wind speed frequency. Significant findings included a wind speed recurrence of 2.9 m/s with a probability of 30% approximately. The average c and k were found to be 3.467 and 2.923 m/s, respectively. The estimated average k is relatively high, which indicates that the spread in wind speeds is small. Aventa AV-7 turbine was chosen to test the power generation of wind in Medina. It was found that this wind turbine can generate 8648 kWh/year in the Medina region, which is only 15.2% of the maximum power production. This turbine is expected to generate the maximum possible power output at a wind speed of 7 m/s.
Influence of resin curing cycle on the deformation of filament wound composites by in situ strain monitoring
Authors: Chen Xiaodong , Li Yong , Huan Dajun , Wang Wuqiang , Jiao Yang
Published: June 2021

The residual stress of metal liners wrapped by composite materials has a significant influence on the service performance of rotating parts, such as flywheel rotors and motor jackets. However, the deformation of the liners, the flow of resins, and the temperature variation during the winding process make it difficult to predict and control this residual stress. In this paper, the process-induced strains were monitored online by a strain gauge with the help of a wireless strain meter. The evolution of this strain during the manufacturing process was fully discussed. A rapid curing resin system was used and its curing properties were tested by differential scanning calorimetry. The mechanical properties of the resin matrix and its composite were characterized. The effect of the curing cycle on the evolution of the residual strain was discussed in detail through comparative experiments. The experimental results show that the use of infrared radiation has a significant advantage regarding residual stress accumulation. This advantage is greater when carbon fiber is used than when glass fiber is used. The prestress in composites of glass fiber and carbon fiber increases by 5.9% and 41.7%, respectively, after cooling.
Children With More Uncertainty in Their Intuitive Theories Seek Domain-Relevant Information
Authors: Wang Jinjing (Jenny) , Yang Yang , Macias Carla , Bonawitz Elizabeth
Published: June 2021

How do changes in learners’ knowledge influence information seeking? We showed preschoolers ( N = 100) uncertain outcomes for events and let them choose which event to resolve. We found that children whose intuitive theories were at immature stages were more likely to seek information to resolve uncertainty about an outcome in the related domains, but children with more mature knowledge were not. This result was replicated in a second experiment but with the nuance that children at intermediate stages of belief development—when the causal outcome would be most ambiguous—were the most motivated to resolve the uncertainty. This effect was not driven by general uncertainty at the framework level but, rather, by the impact that framework knowledge has in accessing uncertainty at the model level. These results are the first to show the relationship between a learning preference and the developmental stage of a child’s intuitive theory.
Modifiable and Nonmodifiable Factors Contributing to Hypothermia Among High Risk Neonates at Admission to NICU—A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Sharma Deepak , Rao Praveen , Dinesh Pawale , Kulkarni Dattatray , Deshbotla Sai Kiran , Murki Srinivas
Published: June 2021

Background:

Hypothermia is a well-known contributor to neonatal morbidity and mortality, especially for preterm and low-birth weight neonates. Identifying the predictors for admission hypothermia which are specific to the settings is important to initiate quality improvement projects and improve clinical outcomes.

Methods:

Study was conducted over a period of 6 months from 1 April to 31 September 2018. All inborn infants needing neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission were eligible for the study. The study involved measuring temperatures at exit from delivery room (DR) and at admission to NICU. Hypothermia was defined as core admission temperature <36.5°C. The data collected included all modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors for hypothermia in newborns. Data was analyzed using logistic regression to determine associations, if any, between admission hypothermia and maternal, neonatal, and environmental characteristics.

Results:

One hundred and ninety-three infants were enrolled in the study. The incidence of admission hypothermia (<36.5°C) was 83.9%. Forty-four (22.8%) infants had mild hypothermia, 61.1% infants had moderate hypothermia, and none of the neonates had severe hypothermia. Nonmodifiable factors affecting admission temperature were birth weight/gestational age and mother’s temperature before shifting to DR. DR temperature strongly predicted the admission temperature and every 1°C increase in DR temperature improved the rate of admission hypothermia by 34%.

Conclusion:

Significant proportion of neonates is hypothermic at the time of admission to NICU. DR temperature significantly predicts hypothermia at admission in neonates needing NICU admission.
PRRSV2 genetic diversity defined by RFLP patterns in the United States from 2007 to 2019
Authors: Trevisan Giovani , Sharma Aditi , Gauger Phillip , Harmon Karen M. , Zhang Jianqiang , Main Rodger , Zeller Michael , Linhares Leticia C. M. , Linhares Daniel C. L.
Published: June 2021

The genetic diversity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) increases over time. In 1998, restriction-fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) pattern analysis was introduced to differentiate PRRSV wild-type strains from VR2332, a reference strain from which a commercial vaccine (Ingelvac PRRS MLV) was derived. We have characterized here the PRRSV genetic diversity within selected RFLP families over time and U.S. geographic space, using available ISU-VDL data from 2007 to 2019. The 40,454 ORF5 sequences recovered corresponded to 228 distinct RFLPs. Four RFLPs [2-5-2 (21.2%), 1-7-4 (15.6%), 1-4-4 (11.8%), and 1-8-4 (9.9%)] represented 58.5% of all ORF5 sequences and were used for cluster analysis. Over time, there was increased detection of RFLPs 2-5-2, 1-7-4, 1-3-4, 1-3-2, and 1-12-4; decreased detection of 1-4-2, 1-18-4, 1-18-2, and 1-2-2; and different detection trends for 1-8-4, 1-4-4, 1-26-1, 1-22-2, and 1-2-4. An over-time cluster analysis revealed a single cluster for RFLP 2-5-2, supporting that sequences within RFLP 2-5-2 are still relatively conserved. For 1-7-4, 1-4-4, and 1-8-4, there were multiple clusters. State-wise cluster analysis demonstrated 4 main clusters for RFLP 1-7-4 and 1-8-4, and 6 for RFLP 1-4-4. For the other RFLPs, there was a significant genetic difference within them, particularly between states. RFLP typing is limited in its ability to discriminate among different strains of PRRSV. Understanding the magnitude of genetic divergence within RFLPs helps develop PRRSV regional control programs, placement, herd immunization strategies, and design of appropriate animal movements across borders to minimize the risk of PRRSV transmission.
The imponderabilia of a stringer’s everyday life in Darjeeling Hills – excerpts from an ethnographer’s field diary
Authors: Roy Barun
Published: June 2021

Learning about journalists, their culture, their shared beliefs and behaviours by immersing ourselves in their context through ethnography has emerged as a significant strand in journalism studies. Such a strand, however, is limited to studying elite media and elite journalists. It has thus, led to a substantial lacuna in understanding the sociology of news production particularly, in developing countries like India. Taking this as a point of departure this paper looks at a neglected but dominant workforce in the news media sector – the stringers. Based on intensive field research and building on participant observation, and employing emic and etic perspectives, this paper offers a thick description of the everyday life of a stringer. The researcher argues that the shared agreements and the manifestation of value attached to stringers are lopsided since stringers often find themselves at the lowest rung of the value structure within the journalistic reporting community resulting in a meta-social paradox. Stringers are the culture hero and the custodians of the community’s memory yet remaining the quintessential other.
Book review: Lenhard, J. and Samanani, F. 2020: Home: Ethnographic Encounters. Encounters: Experiences and Anthropological Knowledge Series
Authors: Hood Rachael
Published: June 2021

Lenhard, J. and Samanani, F. 2020: Home: Ethnographic Encounters. Encounters: Experiences and Anthropological Knowledge Series. London: Bloomsbury Academic. xii + 216 pp., £85.00 (Hardback). ISBN: 978-1-3501-1594-1.
Older immigrant Latino gay men and childhood sexual abuse: Findings from the Palabras Fuertes project
Authors: Camacho David , Rodriguez César V , Moore Kiara L , Lukens Ellen P
Published: June 2021

Childhood Sexual Abuse (CSA) and maltreatment have long-term negative impacts on survivors, including older adults. Yet, limited qualitative examinations of how these experiences impact the lives of older adults exists and even fewer among older Latino gay men. We drew data from life-history narratives the first author conducted with five Spanish speaking older Latino gay men in New York City. Our analyses were guided by an Ecological Model, a Suffering lens, and our clinical social work experience with older adults, sexual minorities and people of color. All participants reported sexual experiences prior to the age of 15 and possible emotional and physical maltreatment. Yet, not all participants perceived these experiences as abuse. Our findings indicate how cultural, linguistic and contextual factors may affect disclosure and coping. Despite the fact that CSA and maltreatment occurred decades ago, these early experiences affected long-term psychosocial functioning. Our findings support a need for future research and clinical practice that considers the subjective perceptions of childhood sexual experiences and maltreatment and how these relate to psychosocial functioning in Latino gay men during older adulthood.
Intravascular Ultrasound Assessment and Correlation With Angiographic Findings of Arterial Dissections Following Auryon Laser Atherectomy and Adjunctive Balloon Angioplasty: Results of the iDissection Auryon Laser Study
Authors: Shammas Nicolas W. , Torey James T. , Shammas W. John , Jones-Miller Susan , Shammas Gail A.
Published: June 2021

Background

Femoropopliteal arterial angiographic dissections with the use of the Auryon laser atherectomy system (previously the B-laser) have been infrequent and non–flow limiting. However, the pattern of these dissections (depth and arc) using intravascular ultrasound remains unknown.

Materials and Methods

We prospectively enrolled 29 patients in the iDissection Auryon study. The primary objective was to define the occurrence of new adventitial injury with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). Secondary objectives included distal embolization and bailout stenting as judged by the operator because of 30% or more residual narrowing and/or NHLBI (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute) angiographic dissection C and higher. Core laboratory analysis was carried on all cases except for 1 patient (that crossed over to Jetstream atherectomy). Dissections were classified according to the iDissection classification as involving the intima (A), media (B), and adventitia (C) and ≤ 180-° arc (1) or >180-° arc (2). Overall, 22 of 29 patients had an embolic filter (per protocol).

Results

Median lesion and treated lengths were 100.0 and 150.0 mm, respectively. Vessel diameter by IVUS was 6.5 ± 1.5 mm. Chronic total occlusion (CTO) was present in 24.1% of cases. The arc of calcium was: no calcium in 27.6%, <90° in 13.8%, 90° to 180° in 20.7%, and >180° in 34.4%. Lesion severity was reduced to a median of 14% post laser and adjunctive percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) from a baseline of 76%. Bailout stenting occurred in 6 of 28 (21.4%) patients (3 for dissections, 2 for residual >30%, and 1 for both) and primary stenting in 1 of 28 (3.6%). By IVUS, there were 9 new dissections post laser (1 adventitial; 3≥180°) and 21 new dissections post laser and PTA (3 adventitial; 1≥180°). No distal embolization requiring treatment was seen and no macrodebris ≥2 mm was recovered in the filters.

Conclusion

The Auryon laser atherectomy system had minimal rate of adventitial injury despite complex disease with relatively low bailout stent rate and no clinically significant macrodebris.
From “Crisis” to Imagination: Putting White Heroes Under Erasure Post-George Floyd
Authors: Mendes Ana Cristina
Published: June 2021

In the immediate aftermath of George Floyd’s murder on May 25, 2020, global protests against racialized police brutality targeted statues and other public art forms symbolizing racism. Either framed as a “weird global media event” or “global iconic event,” Floyd’s murder forced a reckoning with histories of oppression and systemic racism, with a potential enduring social effect and a transnational historical significance by inviting resonance and global solidarity. This article focuses on the U.K. context and spans a decade to invite a rethinking of ideas of crisis, history, and hero through a consideration of the toppling of Edward Colston’s statue and its pushing into the Bristol Harbour on June 7, 2020, by Black Lives Matter (BLM) protesters, and Yinka Shonibare CBE’s artwork Nelson’s Ship in a Bottle (2010–2012), commissioned for the “Fourth Plinth” temporary exhibits in Trafalgar Square. Such consideration bears on this contemporary moment when we are witnessing globally connected protest actions calling for the decolonization of public material culture.
Early outcomes of novel Temren atherectomy device combined with drug-coated balloon angioplasty for treatment of femoropopliteal lesions
Authors: Yiğit Görkem
Published: June 2021

Objectives

In this study, perioperative properties and early outcomes of patients who underwent combined Temren rotational atherectomy (RA) and drug-coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty treatment for complex femoropopliteal lesions in a single center were reported.

Methods

Between June 2019 and February 2020, 40 patients who underwent combined Temren RA and DCB treatment due to critical lower limb ischemia or claudication-limiting daily living activities were retrospectively evaluated.

Results

The mean age of patients was 73.2 ± 7.8 years and the majority of the patients were male (65%). Of the patients, 17 had critical limb ischemia and 23 had lifestyle-limiting claudication. Pathologies were total occlusion in 33 limbs and critical stenosis in seven limbs. Nine patients previously underwent endovascular intervention or surgery. The mean total occlusion length was 140.9 ± 100.9 (range, 20–360) mm in patients with chronic total occlusion. There was an additional iliac artery pathology in 5 and below the knee pathology in 8 patients. Rotational atherectomy was possible in all cases. Flow-limiting dissection was seen in six patients (15%). Provisional stent was performed to these patients. Following Temren RA, all patients underwent DCB. Adequate vascular lumen (less than 30% stenosis) was provided in all patients and the symptoms regressed. No distal embolization was encountered. Access site complications (17.5%) were small hematoma in four patients, ecchymosis in two patients, and pseudoaneurysm of the femoral artery in one patient. The mean follow-up was 13.55 ± 4.2 (range, 1–18) months. Re-occlusion was seen in three patients (7.5%) ( n = 2 at 2 months and n = 1 at 4 months). Of these patients, two had required open revascularization via femoropopliteal bypass graft with common, superficial femoral, and popliteal artery endarterectomy and one had required femoro-posterior tibial artery bypass. Four minor toe amputations (10%) were performed to reach complete wound healing in the critical limb ischemia patients. A below-knee amputation was performed in a 94-year-old patient with long segment stenosis at the end of a 1-month follow-up period. There was no mortality after follow-ups. The Kaplan–Meier estimator estimated the rate of freedom from target lesion revascularization (TLR) which was 92.3%. The decrease in the Rutherford levels after the procedure was found to be statistically significant in 36 patients ( p < 0.001). The increase in the ankle–brachial index after the procedure was found to be statistically significant in 36 patients ( p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Combined use of Temren RA with adjunctive DCB is safe and effective method with high rates of primary patency and freedom from TLR and low rates of complication in the treatment of femoropopliteal lesions.
Managing anorexia nervosa in primary care
Authors: Hjalmarsson Clarissa , Daniels Natasha Faye
Published: June 2021

Anorexia nervosa is a potentially debilitating mental illness, with significant physical and psychological sequelae. It has the highest mortality of any psychiatric illness. Early intervention is associated with better outcomes. However, patients typically experience long delays in accessing definitive treatment. Patients experience on average a three-and-a-half year delay between falling ill and accessing treatment, 6 months of which elapse between visiting a GP and receiving treatment. Patients often present to primary care either directly, with anorexia, or indirectly, with related symptoms such as amenorrhea. GPs play a vital role in recognising the signs and symptoms of this disease, identifying whether the patient has acute and potentially life-threatening symptoms, and referring them promptly and appropriately to secondary care. The current pressures on mental health services may also require GPs to provide ongoing support and management for patients while they await treatment from secondary care.