bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Guidelines for the cytopathologic diagnosis of epithelioid and mixed‐type malignant mesothelioma: Complementary Statement from the International Mesothelioma Interest Group, Also Endorsed by the International Academy of Cytology and the Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology
Authors: Hjerpe Anders , Ascoli Valeria , Bedrossian Carlos W.M. , Boon Mathilde E. , Creaney Jenette , Davidson Ben , Dejmek Annika , Dobra Katalin , Fassina Ambrogio , Field Andrew , Firat Pinar , Kamei Toshiaki , Kobayashi Tadao , Michael Claire W. , Önder Sevgen , Segal Amanda , Vielh Philippe
Published: June 2015

Objective

To provide practical guidelines for the cytopathologic diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma.

Data Sources

Cytopathologists with an interest in the field involved in the International Mesothelioma Interest Group (IMIG) and the International Academy of Cytology (IAC) contributed to this update. Reference material includes peer‐reviewed publications and textbooks.

Rationale

This article is the result of discussions during and after the IMIG 2012 conference in Boston, followed by thorough discussions during the 2013 IAC meeting in Paris. Additional contributions have been obtained from cytopathologists and scientists who could not attend these meetings, with final discussions and input during the IMIG 2014 conference in Cape Town. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015;43:563–576. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multilevel Governance, Decentralization and Environmental Prioritization: How is it working in rural development policy in Scotland?
Authors: Yang Anastasia L. , Rounsevell Mark D. A. , Haggett Claire
Published: June 2015

Adopting a ‘multilevel’ governance system and environmental prioritization for the Rural Development Policy (RDP) in Europe are key actions recommended by the European Commission. Member States can decide how and to what extent these actions are incorporated into their RDP design. Through 61 semi‐structured in‐depth interviews with institutional stakeholders, this study assesses the application of these recommendations in RDP in Scotland. The findings indicate that many barriers to effective implementation and environmental prioritization exist due to rigid centralized policy controls. A lack of regionalized autonomy has hindered the ability of regional actors to effectively prioritize local needs. For future policy design, a successful multilevel governance system will require a clearer link between central regulatory requirements and how these link to practical policy implementation. In addition, recognizing an emphasis on ‘policy process’ there will be trade‐offs in effectiveness by outweighing consideration of actual policy outcomes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Critical role of the NKG2D receptor for NK cell‐mediated control and immune escape of B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Belting Lena , Hömberg Nadine , Przewoznik Margarethe , Brenner Christoph , Riedel Tanja , Flatley Andrew , Polić Bojan , Busch Dirk H. , Röcken Martin , Mocikat Ralph
Published: June 2015

Little is known on the control of lymphomas by NK cells. Here, we study the role of the NK group 2D (NKG2D) receptor for the immunosurveillance of lymphoma. By using transplantable tumors as well as a λ‐myc‐transgenic model of endogenously arising lymphoma and NKG2D‐deficient mice, we show that NK cells eliminate tumor cells in vivo after receiving two signals. One step involved the activation of NK cells giving rise to IFN‐γ expression, which was effected by MHCIlow tumor cells or DCs. However, this was necessary but not sufficient to mediate cytotoxicity. Triggering cytotoxicity additionally required a second step, which could be mediated by engagement of the NKG2D receptor. Thus, NKG2D‐deficient NK cells could become activated in vivo, but they were not able to reject transplanted lymphomas or to degranulate in animals bearing autochthonous lymphomas. Tumor growth in NKG2D‐deficient λ‐myc‐transgenic mice was significantly accelerated compared to NKG2D‐competent animals. Whereas the latter developed tumors that lost expression of NKG2D ligands (NKG2D‐L) in late disease stages, this did not occur in NKG2D‐deficient mice. This indicates that NK cells and the NKG2D receptor play a role for control of lymphomas and that selection for NKG2D‐L loss mutants provides a mechanism of tumor escape.
A Bis(tridentate)cobalt Polypyridine Complex as Mediator in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Mengel Andreas K. C. , Cho Woohyung , Breivogel Aaron , Char Kookheon , Soo Kang Yong , Heinze Katja
Published: June 2015

Dye‐sensitized solar cells equipped with cationic and neutral RuII‐based sensitizers [Ru(ddpd){tpy(COOH)3}]2+ [12+; ddpd = N,N′‐dimethyl‐N,N′‐di(pyridin‐2‐yl)pyridin‐2,6‐diamine, tpy(COOH)3 = 2,2″6′,2″‐terpyridine‐4,4′,4″‐tricarboxylic acid] and [Ru(ddpd){tpy(COOH)(COO)2}] (2) with and without the coadsorbent chenodeoxycholic acid were constructed with I3–/I– or the CoIII/II‐based redox mediators [Co(bpy)3]3+/2+ (33+/2+; bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine) and [Co(ddpd)2]3+/2+ (43+/2+) in the presence of LiClO4 and 4‐tert‐butylpyridine. The best photovoltaic performance was achieved by using the 43+/2+ shuttle and the neutral sensitizer 2 without coadsorbent. The higher short‐circuit photocurrent density and higher electron recombination lifetimes obtained with this combination suggest slow electron recombination kinetics at the TiO2 surface with the CoIII complex 43+. The slow electron transfer to 43+ is tentatively ascribed to the high‐lying π* orbitals of the electron‐rich ddpd ligands, which result in a weak electronic coupling. This contrasts with the faster recombination with 33+, which features the low‐energy π* orbitals of the bpy ligands.
Crystal Structure, Antioxidant Properties and Characteristics in Aqueous Solutions of the Oxidovanadium(IV) Complex [VO(IDA)phen]·2H2O
Authors: Pranczk Joanna , Jacewicz Dagmara , Wyrzykowski Dariusz , Wojtczak Andrzej , Tesmar Aleksandra , Chmurzyński Lech
Published: June 2015

A new oxidovanadium(IV) complex was prepared by the reaction of vanadyl acetylacetonate [VO(acac)2], iminodiacetic acid (H2IDA) and 1,10‐phenanthroline (phen) in aqueous solutions. The crystal structure of [VO(IDA)phen]·2H2O was determined by X‐ray diffraction crystallographic analysis. The stability of the title compound in aqueous solution was investigated by using potentiometric titration methods. Moreover, the kinetics of substitution reactions of the VO(IDA) binary complex with 1,10‐phenanthroline were investigated in aqueous solutions. These reactions were monitored spectrophotometrically at 249 nm by using stopped‐flow methods. Kinetic measurements were performed in the 293–308 K temperature range, at different concentrations (0.1–0.5 mM) of the binary complex and at a constant concentration of phen (0.05 mmol/L). Moreover, the antioxidant properties of this complex against superoxide radicals were studied by nitrobluetetrazolium (NBT) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) and the antioxidant properties were also investigated against two organic radicals: the 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH·) and the 2,2′‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) radical (ABTS·+) by using spectrophotometric methods. The results of the antioxidant tests show that VO(IDA)phen scavenges superoxide free radicals as well as organic radicals (ABTS·+ and DPPH·).
Quantum Chemical Investigation on Phosphine‐Functionalized Charge‐Neutral Osmium(II) Complexes Bearing Bidentate/Tetradentate Pyridylpyrazolate‐Based Ligands
Authors: Liu Yuqi , Gahungu Godefroid , Sun Xiaobo , Wang Ying , Wu Zhijian
Published: June 2015

By altering the monodentate phosphine ligand (PR3), a series of charge‐neutral OsII complexes 1a–5a [Os(fppz)2(PR3)2] and 1b–5b [Os(L‐NPh)(PR3)2] [fppz = 3‐(trifluoromethyl)‐5‐(2‐pyridyl)pyrazole; PR3 = PMe3 (1a/1b), PPhMe2 (2a/2b), PPh2Me (3a/3b), PPh3 (4a/4b), P(OPh)3 (5a/5b); L‐NPh is two bis(pyridylpyrazolate] fragments connected by a phenylamino bridge at the 6‐position of the pyridyl rings] have been investigated by density functional theory (DFT) methods. The P(OPh)3 substitution in 5a (5b) rendered a considerable stabilization to the HOMO energy levels and an enlargement of the HOMO–LUMO energy gap compared with those of 1a–4a (1b–4b), which led to a clear blueshift in the emission spectra. With the enhancement of the electron‐withdrawing strength of the phosphine ligands, the emissions are successively blueshifted from 1a/1b to 4a/4b. The results also revealed a general relationship between the variations of the emissions and changes to the Os–P bond lengths. The phenylamido bridge in 1b–5b redshifted the absorption and emission spectra compared with those of 1a–5a and decreased the Os(d) participation in the HOMOs, which led to dominant L‐ligand‐based 3π–π* character for their emissive states compared with dominant metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer (3MLCT) characters for 1a–5a.
Synthesis, Characterization, Stability, and Gas Adsorption Characteristics of a Highly Stable Zirconium Mesaconate Framework Material
Authors: SK Mostakim , Bhowal Soumya , Biswas Shyam
Published: June 2015

A new ZrIV mesaconate framework material was synthesized by heating a mixture of ZrCl4, mesaconic acid, and acetic acid in a molar ratio of 1:1:30 in DMF at 150 °C for 24 h. The influence of the molar ratio of ZrCl4/acetic acid on the crystallinity of the compound was examined. The as‐synthesized compound was Soxhlet‐extracted with ethanol and subsequently heated under vacuum to remove guest solvent molecules from the pores. Both the as‐synthesized sample and the thermally activated sample of this new material were characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRPD), FTIR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and elemental analysis. The compound is thermally stable up to 320 °C under air. XRPD experiments indicate that the compound maintains its crystallinity upon exposure to water, acetic acid, and 1 M HCl. According to the N2 sorption analyses, the compound possesses a BET surface area of 662 m2 g–1. Thus, the material is a promising candidate for gas storage and separation owing to its high physiochemical stability and considerable porosity.
Asymmetric Synthesis of δ‐Chloro‐β‐amino‐N‐sulfinyl Imidates as Versatile Chiral Building Blocks for the Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted Piperidines
Authors: Semina Elena , Colpaert Filip , Van Hecke Kristof , De Kimpe Norbert , Mangelinckx Sven
Published: June 2015

Mannich‐type reactions of chiral δ‐chloro‐N‐tert‐butanesulfinyl‐substituted imidates across N‐sulfonyl aldimines resulted in the efficient and anti‐stereoselective synthesis of new β‐(sulfonylamino)‐N‐sulfinyl imidates (dr > 99:1). These compounds were then successfully cyclized to give 2‐aryl‐N‐sulfonylpiperidine‐3‐(N‐sulfinyl)carbimidates in high yields. These proved to be useful intermediates for the synthesis of chiral methyl 2‐arylpiperidine‐3‐carboxylates as well as cis‐3‐amino‐2‐aryl‐N‐sulfonylpiperidines.
Proline‐Catalyzed Knoevenagel Condensation/[4+2] Cycloaddition Cascade Reaction: Application to Formal Synthesis of Averufin
Authors: Tan Haibo , Chen Xinzheng , Chen Huiyu , Liu Hongxin , Qiu Shengxiang
Published: June 2015

A remarkable proline‐catalyzed method for the construction of biologically interesting oxygen‐bridged tricyclic ketal skeletons was uncovered by starting from a variety of readily available cyclic 1,3‐diketones and either 1,4‐ or 1,5‐dicarbonyl substrates. The approach, which mimics a biosynthetic Knoevenagel condensation/[4+2] cycloaddition sequence, establishes a viable synthetic strategy for the efficient formal synthesis of averufin.
Kinetic Resolution of a Planar‐Chiral [2.2]Paracyclophane Derivative by Helical‐Peptide‐Catalyzed Michael Addition of Nitromethane
Authors: Akagawa Kengo , Nishi Nobuhiro , Yoshikawa Isao , Kudo Kazuaki
Published: June 2015

A resin‐supported peptide catalyst was developed for kinetic resolution of a planar‐chiral [2.2]paracyclophane derivative through Michael addition of nitromethane to an enone substituent on the paracyclophane structure. A helix‐based peptide was effective to discriminate the planar chirality of the [2.2]paracyclophane structure, and to convert one enantiomer preferentially into the Michael adduct. By optimizing the peptide sequence at the N‐terminus of the helical chain, highly enantioselective resolution was attained.
Enhancement of Thermoelectric Properties in Bi–Sb–Te Alloy Nanowires by Pulsed Electrodeposition
Authors: Li Liang , Xu Sichao , Li Guanghai
Published: June 2015

We report the optimization of Bi–Sb–Te thermoelectric nanowires by electrodeposition. We show that stoichiometric Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 nanowires have the highest Seebeck coefficient. The pulse‐deposited Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 nanowires have a more uniform growth front and a high crystallinity and, thus, a larger electrical and thermal conductivity than those of direct current (DC)‐deposited nanowires. The pulse‐deposited nanowires also have a high Seebeck coefficient as they have a more homogeneous distribution of the elements. The figure of merit of the pulse‐deposited single Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 nanowires can be as high as 1.14 at 330 K and is approximately 54 % higher than that of the DC‐deposited nanowires.
Removal of methylene blue and neutral red from aqueous solutions by surfactant‐modified magnetic nanoparticles as highly efficient adsorbent
Authors: Gholivand Mohammad Bagher , Yamini Yadollah , Dayeni Manijeh , Seidi Shahram
Published: June 2015

Sodium dodecyl sulfate‐coated magnetic nanoparticles were utilized as the inexpensive and effective adsorbents to remove neutral red and methylene blue (two cationic dyes) from aqueous solutions. Factors affecting adsorption, including the amounts of adsorbent and surfactant, pH, and contact time, were investigated by an orthogonal central composite design. The kinetic processes of the dyes adsorption were described by applying the pseudo‐first‐order and the pseudo‐second‐order models. It was found that the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic equation described the data of dye adsorption with a good correlation (R2 > 0.999) which indicated a chemisorptions mechanism. The extent of dye removal enhanced with increasing initial dye concentration. The adsorption of dyes at concentrations of 30–70 mg/L reached to equilibrium within 35 min. The adsorption data were represented by Langmuir isotherm model. In addition, the maximum monolayer capacities, (qmax), of methylene blue and neutral red onto the modified nanoparticles were found to be as high as 294.12 and 416.67 (mg/g), respectively. These values are higher than the adsorption capacities of some other adsorbents that have recently been published in the literature. In addition, the required contact time to achieve equilibrium was reduced by the modified nanoparticles. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 1683–1693, 2015
Biosorption of heavy metals from aqueous solutions by Parkia biglobosa biomass: Equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamic studies
Authors: Ogbodu Racheal O. , Omorogie Martins O. , Unuabonah Emmanuel I. , Babalola Jonathan O.
Published: June 2015

The adsorption capacities of Parkia biglobosa chaff biomass (PBC) and Parkia biglobosa pulp biomass (PBP) for Cr(III), Cd(II), Ni(II), and Pb(II) ions were studied. Experimental data suggested the highest monolayer sorption capacities of PBC and PBP,
at equilibrium to be 170.07 mg/g at pH 7.0 and 324.68 mg/g at pH 6.0, for the uptake of Cr(III) ions, respectively. The minimum adsorption capacities obtained by PBC and PBP were 60.72 mg/g for Ni(II) and 16.70 mg/g for Cd(II) at pH value of 2.0, respectively. Pseudo‐second order kinetic model fits the all experimental data best, suggesting that the entire adsorption processes might have occurred by chemisorption mechanism. Thermodynamic data indicated that the adsorption of various metal ions by PBC and PBP was endothermic, with increase in disorderliness of the system. The Gibb's free energy values for the uptake of Cr(III), Cd(II) and Ni(II) ions by PBC indicated the spontaneity of the processes. Moreover, the Gibb's free energy values for the uptake of Pb(II) ion by PBC depicted the non spontaneity of the processes. Also, Gibb's free energy values for the adsorption of various metal ions by PBP depicted the spontaneity of the processes. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 1694–1704, 2015
Assessment of Pleurotus ostreatus mediated degradation of agro‐residues by using design of experiments methodologies
Authors: Papadopoulou Konstantina , Dimitropoulos Vassilis , Rigas Fotis
Published: June 2015

Aim

Lignocellulosic biomass, mostly by agricultural and forestry sources, mainly consists of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin. White rot fungi are known to be efficient degraders of cellulose due to their ligninolytic enzyme system.

The use of Pleurotus ostreatus AMRL 141 as a biological treatment of wheat straw (WS) was explored to determine the most significant variables affecting the cultivation of fungus.

Methods

Two experimental designs were applied: firstly, a 2‐level factorial design (screening) with 7 variables and 3 responses and a central composite design with 4 variables and 3 responses. The optima of the statistically adequate models obtained for a 2 weeks cultivation period were then found. The solid state medium used was sandy soil mixed with agricultural residue (milled WS).

Results

Overall, the results of many previous studies of our research group have proved that Pleurotus ostreatus is an efficient lignocellulosic decomposer. In this study, design of experiments methodologies were successfully used and the optimum values of responses found for the two weeks cultivation period were lag time (2 days), extent of colonization (46 mm), and propagation velocity (3 mm d−1). © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 1705–1713, 2015
Hohokam Canal Irrigation and the Formation of Irragric Anthrosols in the Middle Gila River Valley, Arizona, USA
Authors: Woodson M. Kyle , Sandor Jonathan A. , Strawhacker Colleen , Miles Wesley D.
Published: June 2015

Irragric anthrosols form as a result of prolonged deposition of fine sediments from irrigation water. Ancient irragric soils centuries to millennia old occur in several world regions, especially in arid environments of Asia and the Americas. This article presents evidence for an ancient irragric anthrosol in the North American Southwest, along the Snaketown Canal System in the Middle Gila River Valley, Arizona. This pedostratigraphic unit was formed as a result of a millennium of irrigation by Hohokam farmers from A.D. 450 to 1450. The irragric soil consists of a mantle of silty‐to‐loamy textures with minimal soil formation overlying a natural argillic horizon on a Pleistocene stream terrace. A soil mapped independently by the United States Department of Agriculture‐Natural Resources Conservation Service with these horizons corresponds closely with the canal system. Soil within the canal system tends to be lower in salt, sodium, and pH compared with external soils. This suggests that the irragric process improved soil for crop production through long‐term leaching and additions of fresh sediments with the irrigation water. This anthropogenic process of canal sedimentation has had a long‐lasting impact on the sedimentary record and soils in this arid environment.
Archaeometric Study of Mortars from the Garum Shop at Pompeii, Campania, Italy
Authors: De Luca Raffaella , Miriello Domenico , Pecci Alessandra , Domínguez‐Bella Salvador , Bernal‐Casasola Dario , Cottica Daniela , Bloise Andrea , Crisci Gino Mirocle
Published: June 2015

This paper presents the results of the compositional study of 29 samples of mortar from the so‐called “Garum Shop” (I, 12, 8) at Pompeii in Southern Italy. The characterization of the samples yielded information on the raw materials used in the mixtures, the production technology of mortars, and the building phases. It was carried out through polarized optical microscopy, X‐ray powder diffraction, X‐ray fluorescence, microanalysis energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopic microanalysis, and image analysis through the JMicroVision software. The resultant data show great compositional homogeneity among the samples, suggesting the presence of a principal construction phase, probably associated with the first phase of the house. Apart from this main construction phase, there are some samples that show differences related either to their different function or to the fact that they come from different construction phases or restoration works. The raw materials used are related to the geology of the area and are fully compatible with the pyroclastic deposits of Vesuvius.
Middle and Late Pleistocene Landscape Evolution at the Druze Marsh Site in Northeast Jordan: Implications for Population Continuity and Hominin Dispersal
Authors: Ames Christopher J. H. , Cordova Carlos E.
Published: June 2015

The Druze Marsh is a spring‐fed wetland in northeast Jordan that dried out completely in the late 1980s. This drying and subsequent drop in the water table permitted study of the marsh stratigraphy and a search for prehistoric occupations. In this paper, we combine detailed sedimentological analysis of eight stratigraphic sections in the bed of the former Druze Marsh to reconstruct the landscapes used by hominins since the Middle Pleistocene. The results show that fluctuation in water availability over the past 350 ka had dramatic impacts on the size and depth of the wetlands. Pleistocene occupations in the Druze Marsh correspond to relatively dry climatic conditions when the wetland was reduced in size, suggesting the Druze Marsh acted as a desert refugium for hominins during adverse climatic conditions. Such refugia have important implications for hominin demography, continuity, and/or extinction in the Syro‐Arabian Desert. Moreover, the Druze Marsh is positioned at the north end of the Wadi Sirhan depression that connects the Levantine Corridor to the west and Arabian Peninsula to the southeast. Therefore, during wetter climates, paleolakes and river networks around the Druze Marsh may have provided an additional inland route for hominins dispersing between Africa, Eurasia, and the Arabian Peninsula.
Long‐Term Sediment Export Estimates from Northern Jordan using Roman Cisterns as Sediment Traps
Authors: Kraushaar Sabine , Ollesch Gregor , Siebert Christian , Vogel Hans‐Joerg , Fuchs Markus
Published: June 2015

Roman cisterns served as rainwater storage devices for centuries and are densely distributed in parts of northern Jordan. A major earthquake hit the region ca. A.D. 750 and in a short time many settlements were abandoned. As a consequence, most cisterns were not maintained, and they filled with sediments that today provide a postabandonment depositional record. In two field surveys, we mapped the locations of more than 100 cisterns in the Wadi Al‐Arab basin and selected two for detailed stratigraphic analysis that included 14C and optically stimulated luminescence dating. Catchment basin area for each cistern was determined by differential GPS. Both cisterns filled with sediments after the great earthquake and consequent abandonment of the region. Calculated sediment volumes are translated to long‐term average sediment export rates of 2.6–6.6 t ha−1a−1, which are comparable to erosion and sediment yield rates from other studies within the Mediterranean region. Our pilot study suggests that this approach can be applied elsewhere to calculate long‐term sediment export rates on hill slopes containing relict cisterns.
Sensitivity of chemical cement alteration – modeling the effect of parameter uncertainty and varying subsurface conditions
Authors: Wasch Laura J. , Koenen Mariëlle , Wollenweber Jens , Tambach Tim J.
Published: June 2015

To ensure the safety of a CO2 storage site and containment of CO­2 in the subsurface, the integrity of wellbore materials must be maintained. Field and laboratory studies have shown CO2‐induced reactivity of wellbore cement, but these results have to be extrapolated to the extended time span of CO2 storage. Geochemical modeling provides a tool for the prediction of cement alteration; however, large uncertainties in input parameters exist and significant variation in subsurface conditions is expected. This asks for a systematic investigation of the sensitivity of modeled cement alteration towards these factors. In this paper we report PHREEQC simulations of CO2 diffusion into cement and subsequent chemical reactions. The sensitivity of cement alteration toward reaction rates, initial porosity, temperature/mineralogy and flow/no flow conditions were investigated. The base case model indicated that intact cement and tight interfaces between the reservoir and the cement would yield less than 1% porosity change after 300 days of diffusion. For porosity increase or degradation to occur at the cement interface, leaching/flow along the wellbore was required. The sensitivity scenarios yield CO2 penetration depths between 0.3 cm and 1.4 cm after 300 days of diffusion. The maximum was reached for the high porosity (fast diffusion) scenario that facilitates CO2 transport through the cement matrix. The minimum CO2 penetration was for enhanced calcium silicate hydrate (C‐S‐H) decalcification, which increases calcite precipitation, CO2 consumption, and hence decelerates CO2 penetration. This is related to high temperatures (and more crystalline C‐S‐H) or to higher kinetic rate constants used. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Parametric analysis of caprock integrity in relation with CO2 geosequestration: capillary breakthrough pressure of caprock and gas effective permeability
Authors: Rezaeyan Amirsaman , Tabatabaei‐Nejad Seyyed Alireza , Khodapanah Elnaz , Kamari Mosayyeb
Published: June 2015

Caprock integrity is a primary criterion for evaluating depleted oil and gas reservoirs for long‐term safety of carbon dioxide geosequestration. The occurrence of capillary leakage is inevitable in caprock. This phenomenon occurs whenever the buoyancy pressure due to accumulated CO2 plumes dominates the capillary pressure of caprock, and thereby the plumes intrude into the pore throats. In this study, experimental investigation of the effective parameters, including overburden pressure, ambient temperature, and CO2 impurities in the form of non‐condensable and non‐reactive CH4 and N2 gases on the capability of shale and anhydrite cores to preserve CO2 gas is conducted. In this regard, capillary breakthrough pressure and CO2 gas effective permeability analysis were performed applying two distinct techniques, step by step and residual capillary pressure. Experiments were conducted at the temperatures of 35, 70, and 90 °C and overburden pressures in the range of 3500–5800 psi. Two main seal rocks, including shale and anhydrite core samples, from middle Asmari and Gachsaran formations of the Zagros Basin located in the southwest of Iran were used. Regarding the high capillary breakthrough pressure and low gas effective permeability after outbreak of the leakage, all three parameters have noticeable effects on capillary sealing efficiency of the caprocks. The results indicate that impurities such as CH4 and N2 have a significant effect on capillary breakthrough pressure of caprock and gas effective permeability. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Learning Transfer in Practice: A Qualitative Study of Medical Professionals’ Perspectives
Authors: Choi Myungweon , Roulston Kathryn
Published: June 2015

This article explores how medical professionals’ understanding of their own profession relates to their learning transfer. Based on qualitative interviews with medical professionals participating in a mind–body medicine training program, we examined the rationales provided by medical professionals for their decisions on whether to integrate new learning in their current and future clinical practice. The findings show that medical professionals’ beliefs and values about the profession of medicine and knowledge of the wider healthcare system affect their decisions concerning applying what they had learned in practice. Specifically, (a) medical professionals’ prior beliefs and developing understandings of the purpose of the profession, (b) their prior beliefs and developing understandings of good clinical practice, and (c) their understandings of clinical practice as a marketplace geared to client satisfaction and regulated by the healthcare system are critical to understanding how they decided to transfer what they had learned and to make changes in their practices. Based on the findings, implications for research and practice are proposed.
Functional Analysis of GLRX5 Mutants Reveals Distinct Functionalities of GLRX5 Protein
Authors: Liu Gang , Wang Yongwei , Anderson Gregory J. , Camaschella Clara , Chang Yanzhong , Nie Guangjun
Published: June 2015

Glutaredoxin 5 (GLRX5) is a 156 amino acid mitochondrial protein that plays an essential role in mitochondrial iron‐sulfur cluster transfer. Mutations in this protein were reported to result in sideroblastic anemia and variant nonketotic hyperglycinemia in human. Recently, we have characterized a Chinese congenital sideroblastic anemia patient who has two compound heterozygous missense mutations (c. 301 A>C and c. 443 T>C) in his GLRX5 gene. Herein, we developed a GLRX5 knockout K562 cell line and studied the biochemical functions of the identified pathogenic mutations and other conserved amino acids with predicted essential functions. We observed that the K101Q mutation (due to c. 301 A>C mutation) may prevent the binding of [Fe‐S] to GLRX5 protein, while L148S (due to c. 443 T>C mutation) may interfere with [Fe‐S] transfer from GLRX5 to iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP1), mitochondrial aconitase (m‐aconitase) and ferrochelatase. We also demonstrated that L148S is functionally complementary to the K51del mutant with respect to Fe/S‐ferrochelatase, Fe/S‐IRP1, Fe/S‐succinate dehydrogenase, and Fe/S‐m‐aconitase biosynthesis and lipoylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and α‐ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the mutations of highly conserved amino acid residues in GLRX5 protein can have different effects on downstream Fe/S proteins. Collectively, our current work demonstrates that GLRX5 protein is multifunctional in [Fe‐S] protein synthesis and maturation and defects of the different amino acids of the protein will lead to distinct effects on downstream Fe/S biosynthesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 207–217, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Phytoestrogen Genistein Affects Breast Cancer Cells Treatment Depending on the ERα/ERβ Ratio
Authors: Pons Daniel Gabriel , Nadal‐Serrano Mercedes , Torrens‐Mas Margalida , Oliver Jordi , Roca Pilar
Published: June 2015

Genistein (GEN) is a phytoestrogen found in soybeans. GEN exerts its functions through its interaction with the estrogen receptors (ER), ERα and ERβ, and we previously reported that the ERα/ERβ ratio is an important factor to consider in GEN‐treated breast cancer cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of GEN in breast cancer cells with different ERα/ERβ ratio: MCF‐7 (high ratio), T47D (low ratio), and MCF‐7 overexpressing ERβ (MCF7 + ERβ) treated with cisplatin (CDDP), paclitaxel (PTX) or tamoxifen (TAM). Cell viability, ROS production, autophagy, apoptosis, antioxidant enzymes protein levels, and cell cycle were analyzed. GEN treatment provoked an increase in cell viability in MCF‐7 cells and in the antioxidant enzymes protein levels in combination with the cytotoxic agents, decreasing ROS production (CDDP + GEN and TAM+GEN) and autophagy (TAM + GEN) or apoptosis (CDDP + GEN and TAM + GEN). Moreover GEN treatment enhanced the cell cycle S phase entry in CDDP+GEN‐ and TAM + GEN‐treated MCF‐7 cells and, in the case of CDDP + GEN, increased the proportion of cells in the G2/M phase and decreased it in the subG0/G1 phase. Otherwise, in the T47D and MCF7 + ERβ cells the combination of GEN with cytotoxic treatments did not cause significant changes in these parameters, even TAM + GEN‐treated T47D cells showed less cell viability due to an increment in the autophagy. In conclusion, GEN consumption may be counterproductive in those patients receiving anticancer treatment with a high ERα/ERβ ratio diagnosed breast cancer and it could be harmless or even beneficial in those patients with a lower ERα/ERβ ratio breast cancer cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 218–229, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modification of a natural zeolite with Fe(III) for simultaneous phosphate and ammonium removal from aqueous solutions
Authors: Guaya Diana , Valderrama César , Farran Adriana , Cortina José Luis
Published: June 2015

BACKGROUND

The incorporation of Fe(III) was performed in a natural clinoptilolite (Z‐N) for simultaneous phosphate and ammonium removal.

RESULTS

The existence of hydroxyl groups (≅Fe‐OH) in the iron zeolite (Z‐Fe) enhances the phosphate uptake from 0.6 ± 0.1 mg‐P g−1 in Z‐N to 3.4 ± 0.2 mg‐P g−1 in Z‐Fe. However, the ammonium sorption capacity slightly decreases from 33 ± 2 mg‐N g−1 in Z‐N to 27 ± 2 mg‐N g−1 in Z‐Fe. The equilibrium and kinetics sorption were well explained by the Langmuir isotherm and the intraparticle diffusion model, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Both the phosphate and ammonium uptake were slightly affected by the coexistence of competing ions. The phosphate sorption capacity of iron zeolite was decreased in the regeneration cycles. Desorption using a 1 mol L−1 NaOH solution under dynamic conditions provided higher enrichment factors for ammonium than phosphate. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
5‐Hydroxyl Hydantoins via One‐Pot Microwave‐Assisted Air Oxidation of Ugi Products
Authors: Huang Adrian , Wo Kellie , Pierson Allene , Lee So Yeun Christine , Yang Erin , Johnson Catherine
Published: June 2015

The novel and one‐pot synthesis of 5‐hydroxyl hydantoins from Ugi five‐component condensation procedures is reported. The transformation was promoted via a microwave heating method and provided 5‐hydroxyl hydantoins in workable yields, representing a direct approach to this synthetically challenging and biologically interesting pharmacophore.
Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, and Antimicrobial Activity of Novel 2,4,6‐Trisubstituted Quinazoline Derivatives by Buchwald and Suzuki Coupling Reactions
Authors: Veena Vani Kotla , Ramesh Garlapati , Venkata Rao Chunduri
Published: June 2015

A series of novel 2,4,6‐trisubstituted quinazoline derivatives were synthesized starting from 2‐amino‐5‐bromobenzoic acid. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were established by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectral data. All the compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity.
Optimization of reflection coefficient in ring resonator add/drop filters
Authors: Mansoor Riyadh , Sasse Hugh , Duffy Alistair
Published: June 2015

A general model that combines the effect of controllable reflectivity resulting from semi‐periodic gratings with the transfer function of a single ring resonator add/drop filter is derived. An optimization approach based on minimizing the least squared error is performed to calculate parameters that increase the crosstalk suppression bandwidth of a rough‐walled ring resonator. The resulting design has a 28‐GHz crosstalk suppression bandwidth. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temporal kinetics of macrophage polarization in the injured rat spinal cord
Authors: Chen Yue‐Juan , Zhu Hai , Zhang Nan , Shen Lin , Wang Rui , Zhou Jian‐Sheng , Hu Jian‐Guo , Lü He‐Zuo
Published: June 2015

Local activated macrophages derived from infiltrating monocytes play an important role in the damage and repair process of spinal cord injury (SCI). The present study investigates the dynamic change of classically activated proinflammatory (M1) and alternatively activated anti‐inflammatory (M2) cells in a rat model with contusive SCI by flow cytometry (FCM) and immunohistochemistry. The macrophage subsets were immunophenotyped by using antibodies against cluster of differentiation (CD)−68, C‐C chemokine receptor type 7 (CCR7), CD163, and arginase 1 (Arg1). The CD68+CD163– and CD68+CCR7+ cells were determined to be M1 subsets, whereas the CD68+CD163+ and CD68+Arg1+ cell subpopulations represented M2 cells. The subsets of macrophages in the injured spinal cord at 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 28 days postinjury (dpi) were examined. In the sham‐opened spinal cord, few M1 or M2 cells were found. After SCI, the phenotypes of both M1 and M2 cells were rapidly induced. However, M1 cells were detected and maintained at a high level for up to 28 dpi (the longest time evaluated in this study). In contrast, M2 cells were transiently detected at high levels before 7 dpi and returned to preinjury levels at 14 dpi. These results indicate that M1 cell response is rapidly induced and sustained, whereas M2 induction is transient after SCI in rat. Increasing the fraction of M2 cells and prolonging their residence time in the injured local microenvironment is a promising strategy for the repair of SCI. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluating the Thickness of Multivalent Glycopolymer Brushes for Lectin Binding
Authors: Lazar Jaroslav , Park Hyunji , Rosencrantz Ruben R. , Böker Alexander , Elling Lothar , Schnakenberg Uwe
Published: June 2015

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is applied for investigating binding of lectins to multivalent glycopolymer brushes grafted from interdigital gold microelectrodes. By variation of the measuring frequency, EIS allows simultaneous analysis of binding at different subnanometer distances from the sensor surfaces. In this way, the binding dynamics along the brushes are quantified, giving an idea about the motion of the lectin through the brush layer. Two different brush lengths are investigated, revealing distinct dynamics of lectin binding due to changing topology of the brushes. Moreover, very low K D values in the nanomolar range are obtained. This unique platform may be used as sophisticated biosensor for detailed investigation of high‐affinity protein binding to poly­mer layers.

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Histaminergic tuberomammillary neuron loss in multiple system atrophy and dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Benarroch Eduardo E. , Schmeichel Ann M. , Parisi Joseph E. , Low Phillip A.
Published: June 2015

Background

Histaminergic neurons of the tuberomammillary nucleus are critical for maintenance of wakefulness and participate in basal ganglia modulation and sympathoexcitation. All of these functions are affected in multiple system atrophy and dementia with Lewy bodies.

Objectives

To determine the involvement of histaminergic neurons in these synucleinopathies.

Methods

Immunocytochemical staining for histidine decarboxylase and stereological cell counts in the posterolateral hypothalamus from six cases with multiple system atrophy, six with dementia with Lewy bodies, and five healthy controls.

Results

Compared with healthy controls, significant reduction of histaminergic neurons was found both in multiple system atrophy (total estimated cell count, 94,677 ± 5,521 vs. 169,579 ± 12,443; P < 0.001) and in dementia with Lewy bodies (91,110 ± 13,021 vs. 169,579 ± 12,443; P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Loss of tuberomammillary histaminergic neurons could potentially contribute to motor, sleep, and autonomic manifestations of both multiple system atrophy and dementia with Lewy bodies. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Striatal cholinergic interneurons and cortico‐striatal synaptic plasticity in health and disease
Authors: Deffains Marc , Bergman Hagai
Published: June 2015

Basal ganglia disorders such as Parkinson's disease, dystonia, and Huntington's disease are characterized by a dysregulation of the basal ganglia neuromodulators (dopamine, acetylcholine, and others), which impacts cortico‐striatal transmission. Basal ganglia disorders are often associated with an imbalance between the midbrain dopaminergic and striatal cholinergic systems. In contrast to the extensive research and literature on the consequences of a malfunction of midbrain dopaminergic signaling on the plasticity of the cortico‐striatal synapse, very little is known about the role of striatal cholinergic interneurons in normal and pathological control of cortico‐striatal transmission. In this review, we address the functional role of striatal cholinergic interneurons, also known as tonically active neurons and attempt to understand how the alteration of their functional properties in basal ganglia disorders leads to abnormal cortico‐striatal synaptic plasticity. Specifically, we suggest that striatal cholinergic interneurons provide a permissive signal, which enables long‐term changes in the efficacy of the cortico‐striatal synapse. We further discuss how modifications in the striatal cholinergic activity pattern alter or prohibit plastic changes of the cortico‐striatal synapse. Long‐term cortico‐striatal synaptic plasticity is the cellular substrate of procedural learning and adaptive control behavior. Hence, abnormal changes in this plasticity may underlie the inability of patients with basal ganglia disorders to adjust their behavior to situational demands. Normalization of the cholinergic modulation of cortico‐striatal synaptic plasticity may be considered as a critical feature in future treatments of basal ganglia disorders. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Virtual Screening for HIV Protease Inhibitors Using a Novel Database Filtering Procedure
Authors: Takkis Kalev , García‐Sosa Alfonso T. , Sild Sulev
Published: June 2015

A virtual screening to find novel inhibitors for HIV protease was performed on the ZINC database.1 A critical part in virtual screening and associated techniques is preliminary database filtering and size reduction and for that purpose a novel feature matrix matching procedure was used. The reduction of ∼14 million available ligands to a subset of 14299 ligands was achieved with a structure based approach where the analysis of the 3D structure of the active site of the protease produced a graph with hydrogen bond donor, hydrogen bond acceptor and hydrophobic subsites represented as graph nodes. A similar treatment was also applied to the compound database content and the comparison of binding site and ligand graphs was used to preselect potentially active ligands. The resulting set was further subjected to docking. The algorithm used was able to find several novel as well as previously known and experimentally tested ligands, demonstrating the validity of the approach.
Maternal nutrition influences angiogenesis in the placenta through peroxisome proliferator activated receptors: A novel hypothesis
Authors: Meher Akshaya , Sundrani Deepali , Joshi Sadhana
Published: June 2015

Placental angiogenesis is critical to maintain adequate blood flow during gestation, and any alterations in this process can result in an adverse pregnancy. Growing evidence indicates that suboptimal maternal nutrition can alter placental development. Although the underlying mechanisms are not clear, maternal nutrition likely influences the expression of genes involved in placental development through regulation of various transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs), which can be activated by ligands including long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Indeed, several studies demonstrated a role for PPAR in implantation, trophoblast differentiation, and angiogenesis. Alterations in maternal nutrition during pregnancy can affect the expression of PPARs via epigenetic mechanisms or through homocysteine, which is known to compete for PPARs. This review discusses the role of maternal nutrition—particularly micronutrients like folate, vitamin B12, and omega‐3 fatty acids—in modulating the activity of PPARs during placentation and angiogenesis, which affects placental and fetal growth. Additional animal and human studies need to be undertaken to elucidate the molecular mechanisms through which maternal nutrition regulates PPARs, specifically to determine whether PPARs affect placental angiogenesis directly through angiogenic factors or indirectly by modulating trophoblast differentiation. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 82: 726–734, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hip/femur fractures associated with the use of benzodiazepines (anxiolytics, hypnotics and related drugs): a methodological approach to assess consistencies across databases from the PROTECT‐EU project
Authors: Requena Gema , Huerta Consuelo , Gardarsdottir Helga , Logie John , González‐González Rocío , Abbing‐Karahagopian Victoria , Miret Montserrat , Schneider Cornelia , Souverein Patrick C. , Webb Dave , Afonso Ana , Boudiaf Nada , Martin Elisa , Oliva Belén , Alvarez Arturo , De Groot Mark C. H. , Bate Andrew , Johansson Saga , Schlienger Raymond , Reynolds Robert , Klungel Olaf H. , de Abajo Francisco J.
Published: June 2015

Background

Results from observational studies may be inconsistent because of variations in methodological and clinical factors that may be intrinsically related to the database (DB) where the study is performed.

Objectives

The objectives of this paper were to evaluate the impact of applying a common study protocol to study benzodiazepines (BZDs) (anxiolytics, hypnotics, and related drugs) and the risk of hip/femur fracture (HFF) across three European primary care DBs and to investigate any resulting discrepancies.

Methods

To measure the risk of HFF among adult users of BZDs during 2001–2009, three cohort and nested case control (NCC) studies were performed in Base de datos para la Investigación Farmacoepidemiológica en Atención Primaria (BIFAP) (Spain), Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) (UK), and Mondriaan (The Netherlands). Four different models (A–D) with increasing levels of adjustment were analyzed. The risk according to duration and type of BZD was also explored. Adjusted hazard ratios (cohort), odds ratios (NCC), and their 95% confidence intervals were estimated.

Results

Adjusted hazard ratios (Model C) were 1.34 (1.23–1.47) in BIFAP, 1.66 (1.54–1.78) in CPRD, and 2.22 (1.55–3.29) in Mondriaan in cohort studies. Adjusted odds ratios (Model C) were 1.28 (1.16–1.42) in BIFAP, 1.60 (1.49–1.72) in CPRD, and 1.48 (0.89–2.48) in Mondriaan in NCC studies. A short‐term effect was suggested in Mondriaan, but not in CPRD or BIFAP. All DBs showed an increased risk with the concomitant use of anxiolytic and hypnotic drugs.

Conclusions

Applying similar study methods to different populations and DBs showed an increased risk of HFF in BZDs users but differed in the magnitude of the risk, which may be because of inherent differences between DBs.
Insert injection molding of high‐density polyethylene single‐polymer composites
Authors: Mao Qianchao , Wyatt Tom P. , Chen Jinnan , Wang Jian
Published: June 2015

A process for making high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) single‐polymer composites (SPCs) by insert injection molding was investigated. HDPE SPCs with relatively good tensile and interfacial properties were prepared within a short cycle time within a temperature range of 40°C. Melt‐spun HDPE fibers were made from the same resin as the matrix. The fibers were heat treated in silicone oil, with and without tension, to study the changes of fiber properties upon exposure to high temperature. HDPE SPCs containing about 30 wt% lab‐made HDPE fabric achieved a tensile strength of 50 MPa, 2.8 times that of neat HDPE. The peel strength of HDPE SPCs increased with increasing injection temperature and achieved a maximum value of 16.7 N/cm. Optical micrographs of polished transverse cross‐sections of the SPC samples showed that higher injection temperature is beneficial to the wetting and permeation properties of the matrix. Scanning electronic microscope photographs suggested good bonding and compatibility between the fibers and the matrix. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:2448–2456, 2015. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers