bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Doxorubicin-loaded Black Phosphorus Multifunctional Nanodelivery System Combined With Photothermal Therapy Promotes Immunogenic Death of Prostate Cancer PC-3 cells.
Authors: Li Linfeng , Gao Li , Xu Haoyang
Published: December 2021

Prostate cancer is the second most harmful malignant tumor in men because of its insidious onset, easy metastasis, and easy development into castration-resistant prostate cancer even after treatment. Due to its high immunogenicity and a small number of specific infiltrating T cells with tumor-associated antigens in the tissue, it is difficult to obtain a good therapeutic effect with immune checkpoint blocking therapy alone. Therefore, in the current study, we developed a platform carrying Doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded black phosphate nanometer combined with photothermal therapy (PTT) and found this drug combination stimulated the immungentic cell death (ICD) process in PC-3 cells and DC maturation, allowing the DCs to present the related antigens and stimulate the body to produce more of CD8+ T cells, leading to a stronger immune response.More importantly, the introduction of Zn2+ and Aptamer (Apt) improved the prostate cancer cell killing ability of the nanosystem.
Next-generation Sequencing-based Test for Resectable Colorectal Cancer in Real-world Clinical Practice
Authors: Ogiri Masayo , Seishima Ryo , Nakamura Kohei , Aimono Eriko , Matsui Shimpei , Shigeta Kohei , Chiyoda Tatsuyuki , Tanishima Shigeki , Okabayashi Koji , Nishihara Hiroshi , Kitagawa Yuko
Published: December 2021

Purpose:

This study aimed to evaluate the significance of Next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based gene panel testing in resectable colorectal cancers (CRC)s by analyzing real-world data collected prospectively from patients.
Methods:

Patients with CRC who underwent surgery from July 2018 to February 2020 at our institution were included, and correlations between various NGS data and clinicopathological findings were evaluated.
Results:

Overall, 107 patients were included in this study. The tumor stage was I in 28 cases (26.2%), II in 40 cases (37.4%), III in 32 cases (29.9%), and IV in 7 cases (6.5%). Actionable gene alterations were found in 97.2% of the cases. Co-alteration analysis suggested that either TP53- or APC-related alterations were more frequently found in early-stage tumors (stage I). The copy number alteration count was significantly lower in right side colon tumors than in tumors in other locations (P < 0.05). Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) was more often identified in stage IV tumors than in stage I or II tumors (P < 0.05). Moreover, high HRD status was suggested to be useful for identifying high-risk stage II tumors (P < 0.05).
Conclusion:

In this study, real-world NGS data represented the biological features of CRCs. HRD was identified as a useful result of gene panel testing with novel utility in clinical practice.
Clinical Observation of Retinal Vessel Density In Type 2 Diabetic Patients With High Mopyopia
Authors: Su Ruifeng , Jia Zhiyang
Published: December 2021

Purpose: To quantitatively analyze the difference of superficial and deep retinal vessel density between diabetic patients with high myopia , diabetic patients without high myopia and normal subjects.Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited type 2 diabetic patients with no history of ocular treatment in Shijiazhuang, China.Thirty type 2 diabetic patients with high myopia (30 eyes) were included in group A, 30 type 2 diabetic patients (30 eyes) without myopia were included in group B. Another 30 sex-,age-matched healthy volunteers (30 eyes)were included in group C. The superficial and deep retinal vessel density were measured and compared among the three groups to determine the effects of high myopia on diabetes.Results: No statistically significant differences in central superficial retinal vessel density(CSVD) was found in three groups（P＞0. 05).There were significant differences in the temporal superficial retinal vessel density（TSVD）,superior superficial retinal vessel density(SSVD), nasal superficial retinal vessel density(NSVD),inferior superficial retinal vessel density(ISVD) between the three groups, respectively (P＜0.05).TSVD,SSVD,NSVD,ISVD in group A were all lower than those in group B and group C(P ＜0.05).ISVD in group B was lower than that in group C and no statistically significant differences in TSVD,SSVD,NSVD were found between groups B and C(P＞0.05). There were significant differences in central deep retinal vessel density(CDVD),temporal deep retinal vessel density(TDVD),superior deep retinal vessel density(SDVD), nasal deep retinal vessel density(NDVD),inferior deep retinal vessel density(IDVD) between the three groups, respectively (P＜0.05).CDVD in group A was higher than that in group B , but there was no significant difference between group A and group C.TDVD,SDVD,NDVD,IDVD in group A were all lower than those in group B and C(P ＜0.05),and those in group B were lower than those in group C(P ＜0.05).Conclusion: Myopia and diabetes are important factors affecting vessel density. The parafoveal superficial and deep vessel density of type 2 diabetic patients with high myopia were lower than those of diabetics and normal persons. However,there was no difference in macular fovea superficial and deep retinal vessel density between diabetic patients with high myopia and normal persons.Myopia did not show a protective effect on retinal vessel density reduction in diabetic patients.
Classification of Rice Leaf Blast Severity Using Hyperspectral Imaging
Authors: Zhang Guosheng , Xu Tongyu , Tian Youwen , Feng Shuai , Zhao Dongxue , Guo Zhonghui
Published: December 2021

Background: Hyperspectral imaging is an emerging technology applied in plant disease research, including disease detection, multiple disease identification, disease severity assessment, and disease resistance evaluation. Rice leaf blast is prevalent all over the world and is a serious threat to rice yield and quality. In this paper, the standard deviation (STD) of the spectral reflectance of whole leaves was calculated and a support vector machine (SVM) model was built to classify the degree of rice leaf blast at different growth stages.Results: The classification accuracy of the full-spectrum-based SVM model at jointing stage, booting stage and heading stage was 94.44%, 81.58% and 80.48%, respectively. The corresponding macro recall values were 0.9714, 0.715 and 0.79. The average STD of the spectral reflectance of the whole leaf differed not only within samples with different disease grades, but also those with the same disease level. Conclusion: The STD of the spectral reflectance of whole leaf could be utilized to classify the rice leaf blast degree at different growth stages. The classification method was derived from physiological phenomena that were visible to the naked eye, making it more intuitive and convincing.
Study On The Influence of Fiber Cutting Angle On Cutting Force In Ultrasonic Assisted Cutting CFRP Disc
Authors: Wang Xiaobo , Song Chaosheng , Li Lulu , Jiao Feng
Published: December 2021

Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) is a new type of composite material that is widely used in the aviation field, the influence mechanism of fiber cutting angle on cutting force is analyzed, a theoretical model of ultrasonic assisted cutting force for CFRP is established, ultrasonic assisted longitudinal-torsional cutting experiments of CFRP disc are carried out, and compared with normal cutting process. According to the experimental results, the radar map of the cutting force along the circumference of CFRP unidirectional laminates is established, which show that the cutting force can be reduced by ultrasonic assisted cutting compared with ordinary cutting. Under the three cutting modes, the fiber cutting angle has a great influence on the tangential force, and the radial force of the same fiber cutting angle is less than the tangential force, the maximum radial force appeared near the fiber cutting angle of 120°, while the minimum tangential force and the minimum radial force both appear near the parallel direction cutting at 0°. The research results can be used for reference in the processing of CFRP and other composite materials.
Global Warming Signals in Brazil and its Macro-Regions - Trend Analysis of Distributional Characteristics Characteristics
Authors: Pellenz Jessica de Lima da Vida , de Mattos Leonardo Bornacki
Published: December 2021

The aim of this research is to study global warming signals across Brazil. This investigation uses approximately 60 years of daily temperature data set and applies a recent trend test proposed by Rivas and Gonzalo (2020) which analyses not only the average but also different distributional characteristics. Besides, the test provides robust results for both I(0) and I(1) processes. We found significant trends in almost all characteristics in the analysis of the whole country. The mean and the maximum are increasing over time and the dispersion measures indicate decreasing trends. For the region analysis, we found out that, apart from the South, which does not appear to be drastically affected by global warming, the other regions present clear signs of global warming.
Are cultural safety definitions culturally safe? A review of 42 cultural safety definitions in an Australian cultural concept soup
Authors: (Ngiyampaa) Mark Lock , (Wiradjuri) Megan Williams , (Saltwater Gomeroi) Atalanta Lloyd-Haynes , Burmeister Oliver , Came Heather , (Wiradjuri) Linda Deravin , Browne Jennifer , Alvarez Maria Jose Lopez , Yorta) Troy Walker (Yorta , Biles Jessica , (Barunggam) Danielle Manton , Randell-Moon Holly , Zaccone Sophie , Otmar Renée , Kendall Elizabeth , Flemington Tara , Hastings Aqua , (Wiradjuri) Jayne Lawrence , (Wiradjuri) Faye McMillan AM , (Gamilaraay) Bindi Bennett
Published: December 2021

Cultural safety is a keystone reform concept intended to improve First Nations Peoples’ health and wellbeing. Are definitions of cultural safety, in themselves, culturally safe? A purposive search of diverse sources in Australian identified 42 definitions of cultural safety. Structuration theory informed the analytical framework and was applied through an Indigenist methodology. Ten themes emerged from this analysis, indicating that cultural risk is embedded in cultural safety definitions that diminish (meddlesome modifications and discombobulating discourse), demean (developmentally dubious and validation vacillations), and disempower (professional prose, redundant reflexivity, and scholarly shenanigans) the cultural identity (problematic provenance and ostracised ontology) of First Nations Australians. We offer four guidelines for future definitional construction processes, and methodology and taxonomy for building consensus based of definitions of cultural safety. Using this approach could reduce cultural risk and contribute to improved workforce ability to respond to the cultural strengths of First Nations Australians.
Metformin significantly lowers the mortality rate in diabetic COVID-19 patients
Authors: Korkusuz Ramazan , Karandere Faruk , Okay Fatih , Koçoğlu Hakan
Published: December 2021

Introduction: This study evaluates the effect of glycemic control and anti-diabetic agents on the prognosis of diabetic COVID-19 patients. Method: The study includes diabetic patients who were treated and followed up in our hospital because of COVID-19 between 1 June 2020 and 1 January 2021. Patients with any additional comorbidity were excluded from the study. The demographic data of the patients, physical examination findings, laboratory tests, and radiological examination results were obtained retrospectively from the hospital records system.Results: A total of 207 diabetic patients consisted of 125 (60.4%) males and 82 (39.6%) females were included to this study. The mortality rate in cases using metformin was found to be statistically significantly lower than in cases using other drugs (p=0.016; p<0.05). No statistically significant difference was found between the HbA1c and glucose measurements of the cases according to mortality (p>0.05).Discussion: Metformin treatment in diabetic patients diagnosed with COVID-19 should not be stopped, other than in cases with severely hypoxic advanced stage chronic renal failure. Metformin can be recommended as a preventative drug to increase survival in diabetic patients with COVID-19. Nevertheless, there is a need for more evidence and more extensive studies to investigate the protective effects of metformin in COVID-19 patients and in similar viral infections.
Substance P/NK1R antagonistic effect of 17-Trifluoromethyl phenyl trinor prostaglandin F2α in Breast cancer
Authors: Mutukuru Mayuri , T.M Vijayakumar
Published: December 2021

17-Trifluoromethyl phenyl trinor prostaglandin F2α (17-TPGF2α) is extracted from Zinc data base, but its value for inhibiting breast cancer through SP/NK1R system remains unknown. This study was designed to investigate the potential antagonist effect of 17-TPGF2α through NK1Receptor. The effect of 17-TPGF2α on the proliferation and apoptosis of breast cancer cell lines were determined through invitro cell lines. Based on invitro results we planned to investigate anticancer activity in Female Balb/c and used SC injection of DMBA for cancer induction. Oral administration of 17-TPGF2α significantly suppress the tumor volume as compared with an untreated group. The serum parameters like ALP, AST and ALT and haematological parameters were normalized in test treated group. Histological examination revealed normal histoarchitecture of mammary gland and focal areas showed minimal inflammatory cell infiltration. There is no necrosis is seen both test treated and standard treated group when compared with Disease group. All these findings concluded that 17-TPGF2α may have potential as a novel antitumor candidate for breast cancer.
The Effect of Covid -19 Pandemic On Eye-Related Emergency Department Visits: A Comparison of Tertiary Eye Care Hospital Two -Year Results
Authors: Yılmaz Mevlüt , Ceylanoglu Kubra Serbest , Sen Emine Malkoc
Published: December 2021

Purpose: The aim of study is to examine the clinical and demographic impact of the Covid 19 pandemic on emergency department admissions to a tertiary eye care hospital.Methods: Records of admissions to the ophthalmology emergency department during a one-year period before the pandemic (group 1) and during the pandemic (group 2) were retrospectively reviewed between March 15, 2019, and March 15, 2021. Application numbers, demographic characteristics of patients were recorded. The cases were grouped by age and diagnosis, and the findings were compared within and between the groups. Results: A total of 161 941 patients (Group 1: 103 178 and Group 2: 58 763) were admitted to the emergency department of our hospital within 2 years. All admission diagnoses were significantly lower in the pandemic period than in the pre-pandemic period (p:0.001). However, the rate of sight-threatening cases or cases requiring urgent treatment (retinal diseases, uveitis, etc.) was significantly higher in the pandemic period than in the pre-pandemic period (p:0.001). The most common admission diagnoses were ocular infectious/inflammatory diseases while the foreign body on the ocular surface/ocular trauma group was second. Admissions for allergic and infectious diseases were significantly less during the pandemic period (p: 0.001, p: 0.002 respectively).Conclusion: The Covid 19 pandemic has led to significant changes in the application numbers, demographic features and reasons for admissions to the emergency department.
Gender Audit as Basis in Developing Modules for GAD Focal Persons in Mati, Davao Oriental, Philippines
Authors: Villegas Jhonnel
Published: December 2021

Many countries across the globe, including the Philippines, have implemented Gender and Development (GAD) policies to reduce gender biases and promote equality. However, mainstreaming efforts have been challenging due to the scarce availability of learning resources in the local context. This study is an initiative to provide the GAD Focal Point System (GFPS) in the Department of Education – City of Mati with a primary reference in training their GAD Focal Persons on Gender Sensitivity, GAD Planning, and Budgeting (GPB). The coverage is based on their learning needs and gaps determined through participatory strategies involving the school administrators, teachers, students, and parents. Also, the results of the gender audit using the Gender Mainstreaming Evaluation Framework (GMEF) are used as a baseline in module development. The framework presents strategic directions that agencies need to follow to advance across stages. It was found that Mati’s primary and secondary schools are in the initial stages of gender mainstreaming. As such, GAD’s basic concepts and definitions are introduced, along with various forms of gender-based violence and the appropriate mechanisms to address them aptly. The essential steps in planning and budgeting are also detailed, providing an active experience among the participants. It is imperative to sustain GAD capacity-building initiatives to catalyze a more directed and engaged policy framework.
Perceptions and key challenges towards sustainable condominium housing development in Gondar City, Ethiopia.
Authors: Bantayehu
Published: December 2021

Condominium houses were one of the housing typologies that differed in administration, shared resources, and activity delivered in the houses. The study focused on the perception of condominiums and the challenges of their sustainability. The researcher followed qualitative and quantitative research approaches in which 357 samples were taken through probability sampling techniques from a total of 3346 condominium residents. Primary data gathered through questionnaires, interviews, and observations, as well as secondary data gathered through document review, were combined and analyzed using SPSS version 20 and presented in a table and wordily with explanations. The finding shows that the residents have a positive perception of condominiums in social and cultural diversification, resource sharing, the accumulation of dry waste, accommodating social services and facilities, and reducing travel costs. On the other hand, they perceived that the quality of house, administration and management system of the resources, local community involvement and infrastructural integration were poor; areas of floor and corridor were not uniform and narrow; the cost and renting were high. The challenges to sustaining the condominium housing development were affordability, quality of the house, building and neighborhoods, cost variation, low loan return and administration system.
Assessment of Gas Hydrate Resources in Ross Sea Area, Antarctica Based on Inversion of Gravity and Magnetic Data
Authors: Wang wei , Wan meng , Sun miaojun , Jiang weijie , Xu ping
Published: December 2021

The Ross Sea is located between Victoria Land and Mary Bird Land in West Antarctica. In this paper, the published gravity and magnetic data in the Ross Sea area are fused with the high-precision gravity and magnetic data measured by the ship. Then, The gravity anomaly data is used to invert the Moho depth by the Parker-Oldenburg method; the magnetic anomaly data is used to invert the Curie depth of the Ross Sea area by the power spectrum method. Finally, according to the inversion results of the Moho depth and Curie depth, the high-precision heat flow distribution in the Ross Sea area is calculated. And compared with the actual measured heat flow value and other inversion results, it shows that this inversion result has obtained a higher resolution. At the same time, the geothermal gradient is calculated by heat flow and thermal conductivity. According to the temperature-pressure equation for formation and storage of gas hydrate, the thickness of the gas hydrate stability zone in the study area was quantitatively calculated.
A Probabilistic Trust Model for Cloud Services Using Bayesian Networks
Authors: Hosseinnezhad Mihan , Azgomi Mohammad Abdollahi , Dishabi Mohammad Reza Ebrahimi
Published: December 2021

With the rapid adoption of cloud computing in the industry, there has been a significant challenge in managing trust between cloud service providers and service consumers. In fact, trust management in cloud computing has become very challenging given the urgent need for cloud service requesters to choose efficient, trustworthy and non-risky services. One of the most important factors that can be considered in the trust or distrust of a service by the applicant is the different quality of services related to the service. Therefore, approaches are needed to assess the trustworthiness of cloud services with respect to the values ​​of their Quality of Service (QoS). Given the uncertainty that exists for cloud services, it is more realistic to model their QoS parameters as random variables and also consider different dependencies between them. In this paper, a new trust model for cloud services is proposed using Bayesian networks. Bayesian network is a probabilistic graphical model that can be used as one of the best methods to control uncertainty. Using Bayesian network makes it possible to infer more accurate QoS values ​​will which leads to the selection of highly trustworthy services by several cloud service requesters. The results of the experiments show that the proposed trust model is highly accurate and significantly reduces the estimation error.
Policy Spotlight Effect in Critical Time-Sensitive Diseases
Authors: Lin Chih-Yuan , Chang Li-Chuan , Lee Yue-Chune
Published: December 2021

Background: Categorization of hospital emergency capability (CHEC) is a policy implemented worldwide to regionalize critical emergent care. The CHEC policy mainly uses time-based indicators as emergency care quality measurements.Objectives: We aimed to explore the CHEC policy spotlight effect on critical time-sensitive diseases with and without the influence of time-based surveillance indicators and guidelines. Research Design: We conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study between 2005–2011. Regarding critical time-sensitive diseases, our study targeted acute ischemic stroke (AIS), ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), septic shock, and major trauma. We selected diagnosis and treatment guideline adherence as process quality measures and defined medical utilization, upward transfer rate, and short-term mortality rate as outcome indicators. Subjects: The Taiwan National Health Insurance 2005 Longitudinal Health Insurance Database contains one million random cases, including medical records and hospital information. Results: During this 7-year study AIS, STEMI, septic shock, and major trauma, respectively. AIS and STEMI cohorts had significantly higher rates of guideline adherence and better process quality than those of septic shock and major trauma cohorts. Furthermore, AIS and STEMI cohorts had a significant increase in diagnosis costs. Conclusion: The CHEC policy spotlight effect exists in critical time-sensitive diseases with time-based quality indicators. Importantly, disease entities without these indicators may experience decreases in diagnosis and treatment guideline adherence, indirectly jeopardizing their outcomes.
Increased Peripheral Blood Eosinophils May Indicate Acute Infection in Neonates
Authors: Wang Weiying , Zhao Yuan , Yuan Bi-Fen
Published: December 2021

BackgroundEosinophils are now being recognized for more varied functions such as antiviral and bactericidal effects. This study aimed to explore the association between increased blood eosinophils and frequent pathogens due to the infections in children. Methods A total of 2353 children with acute infections admitted to Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center from February 1, 2019 to January 31, 2020 were enrolled in the study. 277 children without infections were comprised the control group. Children’s age, peripheral blood parameters including white blood cells, eosinophils, C-reactive protein (CRP) were recorded. In addition, infection stage and departments the patients admitted to were investigated. The study protocol was approved by the institutional ethics committee of the Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center (NO.2020110819342581).Results Blood eosinophil numbers negatively correlated with the age of children, whereas had no relation to disease stage. The means of eosinophil for neonates (<0.1 year)，infancy (<1year) and children >1year with acute infections were 0.67±0.40, 0.40±0.68, 0.15±0.25 *109/L compared with control group matched for age(0.44±0.20, 0.45±0.27, 0.24±0.19*109/L, P <0.001, <0.001, 0.497, respectively). Among them, the mean of eosinophil in the neonates afflicted with acute infections was significantly higher than the others compared to age-matched controls (0.63±0.60 vs 0.44±0.20, P= 0.012). Areas under the curves (AUC) were 0.81 (95% CI 0.75–0.86) for eosinophil combined with CRP and 0.68 (95% CI 0.61–0.75) for CRP alone for acute infections in neonates (P=0.02). Patients admitted in ICU had higher eosinophils than outpatients (0.46±0.60 vs 0.16±0.24, P <0.001) but had no significant difference compared with control group (0.45±0.20, P >0.99). Conclusion Increased peripheral blood eosinophils may indicate acute infections among neonates. Eosinophil combined with CRP can contribute to evaluating this population.
Increased Risk of Internal Tumors in DNA Repair-Deficient Xeroderma Pigmentosum Patients: Analysis of Four International Cohorts
Authors: Nikolaev Sergey , Yurchenko Andrey A. , Sarasin Alain
Published: December 2021

Background
Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare, autosomal, recessive DNA repair-deficiency disorder with a frequency of 1-3 per million livebirths in Europe and USA but with higher frequencies in isolated islands or in countries with a high level of consanguinity. XP is characterized by high incidence of skin cancers on sun-exposed sites. Recent improvement in life expectancy of XP patients suggests an increased risk of frequently aggressive and lethal internal tumors. Our purpose was to quantify relative risks of internal tumor development for XP patients by tumor type, XP-subtype, patients’ ages and ethnicity through comparison with the US general population.
Methods
We analyzed four independent international well-characterized XP cohorts (from USA, UK, France and Brazil) with a total of 434 patients, where 11.3% developed internal tumors and compared them to the American general population. We also compiled, through PubMed/Medline, a dataset of 89 internal tumors in XP patients published between 1958 and 2020.
Results
In the combined 4-XP cohort, relative risk of internal tumors was 34 (95% confidence interval (CI) 25-47) times higher than in the general population (p-value=1.0E-47) and tumor arose 50 years earlier. The XP-C group was at the highest risk for the 0-20 years old-patients (OR=665; 95% CI 368-1200; p-value=4.3E-30). The highest risks were observed for tumors of central nervous system (OR=331; 95% CI 171-641; p-value=2.4E-20), hematological malignancies (OR=120; 95% CI 77-186; p-value=3.7E-36), thyroid (OR=74; 95% CI 31-179; p-value=1.2E-8) and gynecological tumors (OR=91; 95% CI 42-193; p-value=3.5E-12). The type of mutation on the XPC gene is associated with different classes of internal tumors. The majority of French XP-C patients (80%) are originated from North Africa and carried the XPC delTG founder mutation specific from the South Mediterranean area. The OR is extremely high for young (0-20 years) patients with more than 1,300-fold increase for the French XPs carrying the founder mutation.
Conclusion
Because the age of XP population is increasing due to better sun-protection and knowledge of the disease, these results are of particular importance for the physicians to help in early prevention and detection of internal tumors in their XP patients. Few preventive blood analyses or simple medical imaging may help to better detect early cancer appearance in this population.
Significance of Early Acidosis in Predicting Early Mortality Among Flame Burned Patients in a Kenyan National Hospital
Authors: Mackutwa Edward Nandi , Khainga Stanley Ominde , Ndung'u James Muturi , Anangwe Charles Okwemba
Published: December 2021

Background: Burn pathophysiology, fluid therapy and mortality have been assessed by various laboratory parameters including lactate and base deficit serum markers. This study targeted flame injured cohort with an objective to determine the significance of early acidosis, through measurement of three acid base indices at admission in predicting 5-day (early) mortality among the flame burned patients.Methodology: A cohort study. Eighty flame injured patients presenting within 24 hours of incident were assessed for arterial blood pH, lactate and base deficit (BD). Mortality was recorded until day 28. Receiver operating characteristics curves were drawn; area under curve, cut offs, sensitivities and specificities for BD, lactate and pH were determined for 5-day mortality. The cut offs were used to derive contingency tables for calculation of predictive values. Odds ratios were calculated at 95% confidence interval. 28 day survival curve was generated. Level of significance was <0.05.Results: 28-day mortality was 39%. Five-day mortality was 24%. The latter was predicted by a lactate level of 2.36 mmol/L, BD of -10.05 mmol/L and pH of 7.344 with 75%,74% and 95% sensitivities respectively. Odds of patients dying at these levels or worse were 6.3, 11.4 and 36.9 respectively all with significant p-values.Conclusion: Arterial pH, base deficit and lactate are good predictors of 5-day mortality among fire victims in the Kenyan context.
A Study on the Possible Mutagenicity of Different Types of Plant Growth Regulators
Authors: YAPICI Sevilay , URAZ Güven , BEYZİ Ebru
Published: December 2021

It is known that most chemicals, which have been increasingly used since ancient times, have carcinogenic and mutagenic effects. As an alternative to these chemicals, natural compounds, such as plant growth regulators (PGRs) have been used. However, are the PGRs used to obtain efficient plants in agriculture as harmless as it is thought today when it is essential to access natural foods in the food and agriculture sectors? Therefore, this study investigates the mutagenic activity of two plant growth regulators (Kinetin, Chlormequat chloride (CCC)) using the Ames/Salmonella short-time test system. Experiments were performed in the presence (+ S9) or absence (-S9) of metabolic activation enzymes using TA 98 and TA 100 strains of Salmonella typhimurium. 5 non-cytotoxic doses for each test substance were investigated. The results were evaluated by comparing them with spontaneous control plates. According to the results, a 2500 µg/plate dose of Kinetin was to be found mutagenic on the strain TA 98 in the presence and in the absence of S9 enzyme, and on the strain TA 100 in the absence of the S9 enzyme. The other substance CCC did not cause mutagenic effects on the bacterial strains.
Sustainable socio-economic development and Rainbow Europe Index
Authors: Petrushenko Yuriy , Zhuravka Fedir , Shapoval Vladyslav , Khomutenko Lyudmila , Zhuravka Olena
Published: December 2021

The issues of recognizing the rights of the LGBTQ+ community around the world and developing appropriate anti-discrimination policies and laws are one of the main topics for discussion in the global agenda. This is due to the commitment of the world community to protect human rights and meet the needs of society. The paper aims to assess the relationship between socio-economic development indicators of some European countries and the Rainbow Europe Index. To find out how discrimination against the LGBTQ+ community affects various social and economic development indicators of some European countries, a data matrix was developed and the Spearman rank correlation coefficient was calculated. The obtained results confirmed a positive relationship between the Rainbow Europe Index and GDP per capita, the Human Development Index, the Corruption Index, and the Index of Happiness. Calculations have shown that the Rainbow Europe Index had a significant impact on these indicators. The study proved the dependence of indicators and demonstrated the need to provide freedoms and rights for LGBTQ+ affiliated members in Ukraine and other European countries.
AcknowledgmentThis paper is published as a part of research projects “Convergence of economic and educational transformations in the digital society: modeling the impact on regional and national security” (No. 0121U109553) and “Reforming the lifelong learning system in Ukraine for the prevention of the labor emigration: a coopetition model of institutional partnership” (No. 0120U102001).
Coercing to sterilization: classification of species
Authors: Gornostay Alesia Viktorivna , Iemelianenko Volodymyr Vitaliiovych
Published: December 2021

The article provides a concept of coerced sterilization and structuring of its varieties. The problems and the status of protecting the realization of reproductive rights both at national and international levels have been studied. This research is based on the analysis of the experience and legislation of such countries as Ukraine, Central America and Africa countries, USA, Germany, China, Uzbekistan, Tunisia, Singapore, India, Czech Republic, Japan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Moldova and others, illustrating the coercion of persons to surgical sterilization. The UN, WHO and other international and governmental organizations' international legal acts, laws, decisions of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) have been studied. The authors have used statistics from international organizations, expert opinions, doctrinal ideas and views on this issue.
First, it is proved that this type of sterilization occurs under the pressure of psychological, political, material circumstances. Many states either contribute financially to this phenomenon or establish discriminatory rules against those who do not wish to undergo this medical procedure.
Then the classification of this type of sterilization is given: convicted persons, transgender people, HIV-infected persons and representatives of the poorest layers of the population in overpopulated regions are subject to coerced sterilization. The existence of this problem is also due to insufficient legal regulation, gaps in solving the problem of the responsibility for bribery or mental coercion to sterilization, which leads to profanity, so we can overcome obstacles to human reproductive rights only by eliminating or reducing the negative impact of these factors.
On the basis of the conducted research it is offered the ways on improving the prevention and punishment of cases of forcing individuals to renounce the right to reproduce one's kind.
Prohibition to approach a certain distance and / or to certain persons, to be in a certain place as a measure of a criminal nature (on the example of the Penal Code of the Republic of Poland)
Authors: Cheban Olesia Mykhailivna
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes the provisions of the Polish Penal Code in terms of establishing a ban on being in certain environments or places, contact with certain people, approaching certain persons or leaving a special place of residence without the consent of the court, as a kind of criminal measure. Sais about  prohibitions to hold a specific position, engage in a certain profession or carry out certain types of economic activity. In the Polish Penal Code, the analyzed prohibitions apply to the perpetrator in the case of an intentional crime combined with violence, and are binding from the entry into force of the court decision in the criminal case.

It is known that in Ukraine there are special measures to combat domestic violence in the form of an urgent injunction against the offender and a restrictive injunction against the offender. In its legal positions, the Supreme Court revealed the essence (legal nature) of the restrictive order as a temporary measure of restraint, which is not a measure of punishment for a person. The Supreme Court also justified the legitimacy of the restraining order in the form of a temporary prohibition on the offender to stay and approach real estate, even if he is its co-owner, because he committed domestic violence against relatives.

Measures in the restrictive order in relation to the offender are taken to decide on the qualification of his actions and the decision on him in criminal proceedings. However, the danger of continuing or re-committing domestic violence, the occurrence of serious consequences for the victim remains after the case in court. Therefore, prohibitions to approach the victim at a certain distance, to be in a place of residence should not lose their force and relevance, and in turn, begin to play a preventive role as a measure of criminal law.

The author proved the importance of expanding the list of «other measures of a criminal nature» by including a ban on approaching a certain distance and / or to certain persons, a ban on being in a certain place in Section XIV of the General Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine.
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan menggunakan Simple Additive Weighting dalam Pemberian Reward Karyawan
Authors: Marfuah Marfuah , Adam Steffi
Published: December 2021

Reward dapat meningkatkan semangat kerja bagi para karyawan untuk terus memberikan kinerja yang lebih baik. Sehingga para karyawan yang memiliki kinerja yang baik dapat di kategorikan sebagai karyawan teladan. Pada PT. XYZ yang berada di kota Batam, selama ini dalam pengambilan keputusan terkait pemberian reword belum didukung dengan suatu sistem yang terkomputerisasi. Sedangkan dalam proses penilaian tersebut terdapat beberapa kriteria yang digunakan untuk pemberian reword kepada karyawan. Sehingga, untuk mendukung penilain yang subjektif dari perusahaan terhadap karyawan maka, sangat penting menggunakan sistem pendukung keputusan dengan menggunakan metode simple additive weigting (SAW). Penggunaan metode tersebut dengan memberikan pembobotan terhadap kriteria yang digunakan. Adapun kriteria yang digunakan yaitu target transaksi, absen dan pengambilan cuti.  Berdasarkan kriteria dan alternatif yang ada, setelah dilakukan pembobotan dan perhitungan didapatkan 3 rengking teratas dalam pemberian reword yaitu v7 nilai 5,5,, v1 nilai 5,3 dan v8 dengan nilai 5.
In situ treatment technologies for pit latrines to mitigate groundwater contamination by fecal pathogens: a review of recent technical advances
Authors: Saxena Shray , Den Walter
Published: December 2021

On-site sanitation systems such as pit latrines are extensively used around the world, while there is a growing number of evidence documenting the impact of pit latrines on groundwater quality that may affect human health. Hence, this paper summarizes the various safe-sanitation technologies by broadly categorizing them into fecal pathogen disinfection methods (anaerobic digestion, chemical disinfection, biological additives, solar pasteurization and vermicomposting) and capturing methods (pit lining and permeable reactive barriers, the latter of which simultaneously capture and sanitize fecal sludge in pit latrines). While some of the reviewed technologies have been widely practiced for mitigating microbial contamination of the groundwater, others are still in the early stage of commercialization and field validation. Though there are challenges to the selection and adoption of the most appropriate technology, this paper discusses the readiness of each technology as a stand-alone fecal sludge management solution.
Acceptability of reclaimed municipal wastewater in cities: evidence from India's National Capital Region
Authors: Neha  , Kansal Arun
Published: December 2021

Willingness to reuse reclaimed municipal wastewater was ascertained through a questionnaire completed by 424 respondents, opinions of 17 experts, and interviews with 15 farmers. Information was collected to assess their knowledge of water scarcity and to determine the influence of demographics, correlation to perceived risk, willingness, challenges, and barriers related to the acceptance of reclaimed water. Most respondents were receptive to the idea of using it for purposes other than drinking, and ‘water conservative’ individuals were inclined towards using it even for drinking. Farmers were concerned about its quality and implications for the health of using it for irrigation. Effective communication between authorities and end-users can promote the idea of reusing greywater and reclaimed water for domestic use, and, eventually, for drinking. These findings will be useful in developing an integrated, practical, and strategic framework for treating wastewater for reuse in other cities not only in India but also in other developing countries.
Comparison of commercial disinfectants and an in loco-produced solution: free residual chlorine decay in human supply waters
Authors: Belmino da Silva George Antonio , dos Santos Whelton Brito , de Almeida Lopes Thiago Santos , Ferreira Weruska Brasileiro , Lima Rodrigues Andréa Carla
Published: December 2021

The disinfection process is used in the treatment of water for human supply to promote sanitary safety and provide users with drinking water that meets potability standards. Thus, it is necessary to sustain a minimal concentration of free residual chlorine (FRC) throughout the entire distribution system. The present study investigated the decay process of FRC concentration in water destined for human supply. The decay was evaluated in bench-scale testing, using sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, sodium dichloroisocyanurate (organic chlorine) as disinfectant agents, and also an alternative disinfectant solution (ADS) produced in loco, with oxidizing and disinfectant properties, which is being used in Brazilian sanitation industry. To evaluate the decay, four models were fitted: first-order, nth-order, limited first-order and parallel first-order, hence determining the corresponding parameters which describe the decay speed of the FRC concentration in water. Achieved results demonstrated that all models were statistically significant and predictive. However, the parallel first-order model produced the best fit. Regarding the evaluated disinfectants, there was preeminence of the ADS solution when compared to the others, since it imparted a higher FRC over time, a behavior indicated by lower values for reaction rate constant in all models and when compared to other disinfectants used in this study.
Evaluación rápida de la regeneración natural de Cedrelinga cateniformis en un bosque premontano de Satipo, Perú
Authors: Monteverde-Calderón Enrique Gianlucca
Published: December 2021

La regeneración natural es considerada como el reensamblaje de la diversidad florística a través de los propios mecanismos de perpetuación de las especies, asimismo, es una herramienta importante para el manejo forestal de bosques naturales. Por esta razón, el presente trabajo consistió en determinar la regeneración natural del árbol comercial Cedrelinga cateniformis conocido como “tornillo” en un bosque premontano de la selva central del Perú. Para este fin, se seleccionaron tres árboles madre de tornillo y se evaluó su regeneración dentro de un radio de 25 m alrededor de estos. Además, se instalaron 4 parcelas rectangulares de 2×25 m en forma de cruz y tomando como centro un árbol madre para el registro de latizales asociados a esta especie. Únicamente se registró dos binzales de tornillo, no obstante, se registró 20 especies diferentes de latizales, siendo Pourouma minor la más abundante, seguido de Pseudosenefeldera inclinata y tercero Parkia multijuga con 13, 7 y 5 individuos respectivamente. Probablemente, este resultado se dio por diferentes factores, como la alta tasa de mortandad en plántulas de tornillo, la competencia de otras especies con la disponibilidad de luz, la presencia de predadores de sus semillas, o el tipo de dispersión que posee este árbol. Finalmente, algunos latizales registrados como Virola sp. y Caryocar glabrum son especies asociadas al “tornillo” frecuentemente.
Percepción de la problemática de la cuenca del río Jequetepeque
Authors: Vasquez Miñope Claudia
Published: December 2021

El estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar los principales problemas que la cuenca del río Jequetepeque presenta, a través del análisis de los factores bióticos, abióticos y socioeconómicos; con el fin de contribuir en el manejo integral y sostenible de la cuenca. La metodología utilizada, consistió en realizar la recopilación de información primaria y secundaria, para su posterior diagnóstico. La cuenca del río Jequetepeque se ve influenciada por su geomorfología no homogénea, el fenómeno de El Niño y la corriente peruana de Humboldt; por lo cual, las características climáticas y la vegetación muestran variación a lo largo de la cuenca. Entre la problemática identificada está el frecuente movimiento de flujos hiperconcentrados (huaycos), los cuales se intensifican en periodos de fenómeno de El Niño, afectando centros poblados, carreteras y actividades agrícolas; por ello es necesario la implementación de prácticas mecánico estructurales, prácticas agronómicas silviculturales, entre otras. Del mismo modo, el crecimiento demográfico y el uso intensivo de los suelos en cultivos y sobrepastoreo favorece el proceso de erosión; por lo cual, es importante implementar paquetes tecnológicos para cada región.
Puesta en valor del fruto “Ushun” mediante la caracterización botánica, fisicoquímica y fitoquímica, Cullaspampa, distrito de Caraz - Ancash
Authors: Mendo-Ponce Deysi , Lázaro Gimena , Leyva Jorge , Guzmán Deysi , Cuellar Eloy
Published: December 2021

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo generar información botánica, fisicoquímica y fitoquímica para poner en valor al “Ushun”, especie frutal nativa del Perú, mediante evaluaciones físicas y fitoquímicas que servirán como base para determinar sus usos potenciales. Se colectaron muestras dendrológicas en la localidad de Cullaspampa en Caraz, tratándose de la especie Bunchosia armeniaca perteneciente a la familia Malpighiaceae. Las características físicas del fruto presentaron una media del tamaño longitudinal y diametral de 2,00 y 1,72 cm, respectivamente, y un peso promedio de 4,75 g, la cáscara pesó en promedio 1,12 g, y constituye un 24,05% respecto al fruto; la pulpa, presentó una media de 1,94 g, el rendimiento del despulpado fue de 40,30%, la concentración de azúcar fue de 40°Brix y 0,01% expresado como ácido cítrico. En cuanto a las semillas, presentaron un tamaño longitudinal promedio de 1,32 cm y diámetro de 0,57 cm, un peso promedio de 1,13 g representando el 24,28% del fruto. Estos resultados fueron obtenidos al 68,79 ± 1,45 y 60,82 ± 1,26% de humedad del fruto y de la pulpa, respectivamente. Asimismo, la marcha fitoquímica determinó que los fitoconstituyentes presentes fueron: alcaloides en general, aminas terciarias, fenoles, flavonoides, compuestos grasos y grupos funcionales. Se concluyó que posee propiedad antibacteriana, antimicrobiana, antiviral, antioxidante y antiinflamatoria; además de, valor terapéutico, como relajante muscular, tranquilizante, antitusivo y analgésico. Debido a sus características físicas y fitoquímicas, el “Ushun” cuenta con un elevado potencial para ser incluido en la industria.