bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High Stake Coordination Problems: Do We Need to Reach Beyond Individual Duties to Solve Them?
Authors: Bykvist Krister
Published: November 2024

This chapter argues that collectivist duties do not significantly affect our individual obligations in certain important coordination problems. These are moral high stake versions of the so-called Hi-Lo cases. This also means that the conflict between collectivists and individualists, who resist the collectivist move, is not that stark in these cases. Along the way, I will also show that Hi-Lo cases are of interest to all kinds of moral theories, not just consequentialism, for which it is usually seen as a challenge.
Politische Urteilsbildung im Kontext einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung
Authors: Jansen Annegret
Published: November 2024

Die Fähigkeit zur politischen Urteilsbildung stellt das Fundament einer demokratischen Gesellschaft und eine zentrale Voraussetzung zur Bewältigung der Klimakrise dar. Die Schärfung eines entsprechenden Problembewusstseins sowie die Befähigung zur Beteiligung der Bürger*innen an einem umfassenden und konflikthaften gesamtgesellschaftlichen Transformationsprozess ist insofern essenziell, gar existenziell. Urteilen ist jedoch angesichts der Komplexität der nachhaltigkeitsbezogenen Problemstellungen ein notwendigerweise prekäres Unterfangen (siehe Abschn. 2.4), welches auch die politische Bildungspraxis in der Schule herausfordert. Dieses Kapitel zur politischen Urteilsbildung gibt einen Überblick über theoretische Grundlagen, fachdidaktische Überlegungen zu ihrer Förderung und empirische Befunde, die für den Kontext komplexer Problemstellungen einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung relevant sind.
Overcoming Iota: A Reflection on Old Providence and Santa Catalina Cultural Resilience In the Face of Disaster and Climate Change
Authors: Márquez-Pérez Ana Isabel
Published: November 2024

In November 2020, category 4 Hurricane Iota devastated Old Providence and Santa Catalina (OPSC), small islands located in the Colombian Western Caribbean and home of the Raizal people, an African-descendent ethnic group bearing their own culture and language. Despite the chaotic governmental response, the local community has responded to the situation by adapting and reorganizing their ways of life. In this chapter, I present a reflection on how OPSC people have used culture in different ways to prepare, adapt, and resist during the disaster and post-disaster periods, in the context of increasing climate change, creating new ways to relate to their islands and community that play an important role in their future. To do this, I use some concepts drawn from cultural perspectives on disasters, climate change, and resilience. As I will try to show, the OPSC community has demonstrated a strong cultural resilience through its capacity to recover and its ability to learn from experience and adapt to new situations. This is not an easy process, as the current context exacerbates vulnerabilities. However, cultural resilience and community processes are a source of hope for islanders to continue to inhabit their land and seascapes with well-being and autonomy.
CP-odd effects at NLO in SMEFT WH and ZH production
Authors: Rossia Alejo N. , Vryonidou Eleni
Published: November 2024

Abstract

CP-violation (CPV) is a rare phenomenon in the Standard Model whilst there is compelling indirect evidence for additional CPV sources in the Universe. The search for CPV effects at the LHC is thus one of the best-motivated precision tests of the Standard Model (SM) and an excellent probe of New Physics. NLO QCD corrections can affect the predictions for those measurements substantially. We study the impact of NLO QCD corrections in WH and ZH production in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory with bosonic CP-odd dimension-6 operators. We analyze the angular distributions at LO of those processes that can be used to probe CPV effects. We then show how NLO QCD effects modify those distributions. We encounter that the corrections have a clear angular dependence and differ between the SM, the dimension-6 squared and their interference, emphasising the need for an exact inclusion of NLO QCD in precision computations. We then perform a phenomenological analysis of WH production at the LHC to study the impact of NLO QCD effects on the projected bounds on the CP-odd Wilson Coefficient $$ {c}_{\varphi \overset{\sim }{W}} $$

c

φ

W
~

. NLO QCD effects in the signal improve the bounds by ∼ 10% but reduce the significance of the interference.
Quantum phase transition of (1+1)-dimensional O(3) nonlinear sigma model at finite density with tensor renormalization group
Authors: Luo Xiao , Kuramashi Yoshinobu
Published: November 2024

Abstract

We study the quantum phase transition of the (1+1)-dimensional O(3) nonlinear sigma model at finite density using the tensor renormalization group method. This model suffers from the sign problem, which has prevented us from investigating the properties of the phase transition. We investigate the properties of the phase transition by changing the chemical potential μ at a fixed coupling of β. We determine the transition point μc and the critical exponent ν from the μ dependence of the number density in the thermodynamic limit. The dynamical critical exponent z is also extracted from the scaling behavior of the temporal correlation length as a function of μ.
Different levels of interpreting chemical data by prompt gamma activation analysis on polished stone tools in the Carpathian Basin (Hungary)
Authors: Szilágyi Veronika , Kasztovszky Zsolt , Kereskényi Erika , Péterdi Bálint , Biró Katalin T. , Szakmány György
Published: November 2024

Average chemical composition data can be effectively exploited in provenance, i.e. raw material’s origin, research of archaeological polished stone artefacts where direct correlation with potential raw materials is possible. This study summarizes the success of Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis (PGAA) method on two different levels of chemical data interpretation for variable rock types found in Hungary, in the Carpathian Basin and their wider vicinity, i.e. material characterization and provenance identification level. Characterization of different lithologies is possible by variable combinations of some major element oxides (Si, Mg, Ca, Na, K, Al, Fe and Ti). Applying statistical methods, boxplots and Principal Component Analysis, we proved that serpentinites, nephrites and Mg-Si-rich subgroup of ‘white stones’ can be clearly distinguished, while the ‘green stone’ category cannot be further differentiated, partly overlaps with hornfels and significantly overlaps with other rock types (basalts, metadolerites-metagabbros, andesites and metavolcanites). The provenance identification is successful in the case of contact metabasites and HP metaophiolites, while less exact for nephrites, basalts and hornfels.

The non-destructive PGAA proved to be very effective in the identification of certain lithologies, while for other polished stone tool raw materials it has medium certainty and requires complementing methods.
In-vitro activity of newly-developed β-lactamase inhibitors avibactam, relebactam and vaborbactam in combination with anti-pseudomonal β-lactam antibiotics against AmpC-overproducing clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates
Authors: Le Terrier Christophe , Raro Otávio Hallal Ferreira , Saad Alaaeldin Mohamed , Nordmann Patrice , Poirel Laurent
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Overproduction of the intrinsic chromosomally-encoded AmpC β-lactamase is one of the main mechanisms responsible for broad-spectrum β-lactam resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Our study aimed to evaluate the in-vitro activity of anti-pseudomonal β-lactam molecules associated with the recently-developed and commercially-available β-lactamase inhibitors, namely avibactam, relebactam and vaborbactam, against P. aeruginosa isolates overproducing their AmpC.

Methods

MIC values of ceftazidime, cefepime, meropenem, imipenem and ceftolozane with or without β-lactam inhibitor were determined for 50 AmpC-overproducing P. aeruginosa clinical isolates. MIC breakpoints for resistance were retained at 8 mg/L for β-lactams and β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations containing ceftazidime, cefepime and meropenem, while 4 mg/L was used for those containing imipenem and ceftolozane. The concentration of all β-lactamases inhibitors was fixed at 4 mg/L, except for vaborbactam (8 mg/L).

Results

The rates of isolates not being resistant to ceftazidime, cefepime, meropenem, imipenem and ceftolozane were found at 12%, 22%, 34%, 8% and 74%, respectively. When combined with avibactam, those rates increased to 60%, 62%, 60%, 46%, and 80%, respectively. The highest rates were found with relebactam-based combinations, being 76%, 64%, 66%, 76% and 84%, respectively. By contrast, associations with vaborbactam did not lead to significantly increased “non-resistance” rates.

Conclusion

Our results showed that all combinations including relebactam led to higher “non-resistance” rates against AmpC-overproducing P. aeruginosa clinical isolates. The best activity was achieved by combining ceftolozane and relebactam, that might therefore be considered as an excellent clinical alternative against AmpC overproducers.
Laser-assisted Icon and clinpro for restoring white spot lesions: an in vitro comparative study
Authors: Mohamed Yomna Said , Shamel Mohamed , Banna Sara El
Published: November 2024

Managing white spot lesions (WSLs) remains a challenging issue that has yet to be fully resolved. WSLs are areas of demineralized enamel that most commonly occur following orthodontic treatments. They can potentially lead to enamel caries and are also esthetically undesirable. The current study investigated and analyzed the effects of Icon resin infiltration (Icon) and Clinpro XT varnish (Clinpro), both alone and in combination with a diode laser, on the restoration of WSLs. Color change, microhardness, and scanning electron microscopy were used to evaluate the WSLs after the different treatment applications. Results showed that the combination of Icon and Clinpro, along with a diode laser, enhanced color stability and restoration of enamel hardness in white spot lesions. Utilizing a diode laser significantly improved the efficacy of both Icon and Clinpro therapies. SEM examination verified that laser-assisted treatments resulted in almost total blockage of enamel rods, indicating enhanced effectiveness. Conclusions: Integrating diode laser treatment with Icon and Clinpro XT Varnish has significantly improved the esthetic outcomes and mechanical properties of treated enamel.
The interpretation-use argument– the essential ingredient for high quality assessment design and validation
Authors: Raymond Jacqueline , Dai David Wei , McAllister Sue
Published: November 2024

There is increasing interest in health professions education (HPE) in applying argument-based validity approaches, such as Kane’s, to assessment design. The critical first step in employing Kane’s approach is to specify the interpretation-use argument (IUA). However, in the HPE literature, this step is often poorly articulated. This article provides guidance on developing the IUA using a worked example involving a workplace performance assessment tool. In developing the IUA, we have drawn inspiration from approaches used in the discipline of language assessment to situate the inferences, warrants and assumptions in the context of the assessment tool. The worked example makes use of Toulmin’s model of informal logic/argumentation as a framework to structure the IUA and presents Toulmin diagrams for each inference such that the reader can connect the argument chain together. We also present several lessons learned so the reader can understand the issues we grappled with in developing the IUA. A well laid out IUA allows the argument to be critiqued by others and provides a framework to guide collection of validity evidence, and therefore is an essential ingredient in the work of assessment design and validation.
Tissue-engineered patient-derived osteosarcoma models dissecting tumour-bone interactions
Authors: Frankenbach-Désor Tina , Niesner Isabella , Ahmed Parveen , Dürr Hans Roland , Klein Alexander , Knösel Thomas , Gospos Jonathan , McGovern Jacqui A. , Hutmacher Dietmar W. , Holzapfel Boris M. , Mayer-Wagner Susanne
Published: November 2024

Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor, primarily affecting children and young adults. For these young patients, the current treatment options for osteosarcoma impose considerable constraints on daily life with significant morbidity and a low survival rate. Despite ongoing research efforts, the 5-year survival rate of first-diagnosed patients without metastases has not changed in the past four decades. The demand for novel treatments is currently still unmet, in particular for effective second-line therapy. Therefore, there is an urgent need for advanced preclinical models and drug-testing platforms that take into account the complex disease characteristics, the high heterogeneity of the tumour and the interactions with the bone microenvironment. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview about state-of-the-art tissue-engineered and patient-specific models for osteosarcoma. These sophisticated platforms for advanced therapy trials aim to improve treatment outcomes for future patients by modelling the patient’s disease state in a more accurate and complex way, thus improving the quality of preclinical research studies.

Graphical Abstract
Experience-guided, mixed-precision matrix multiplication with apache TVM for ARM processors
Authors: Castelló Adrián , Martínez Héctor , Catalán Sandra , Igual Francisco D. , Quintana-Ortí Enrique S.
Published: November 2024

Deep learning (DL) generates new computational tasks that are different from those encountered in classical scientific applications. In particular, DL training and inference require general matrix multiplications (gemm) with matrix operands that are far from large and square as in other scientific fields. In addition, DL models gain arithmetic/storage complexity, and as a result, reduced precision via quantization is now mainstream for inferring DL models in edge devices. Automatic code generation addresses these new types of gemm by (1) improving portability between different hardware with only one base code; (2) supporting mixed and reduced precision; and (3) enabling auto-tuning methods that, given a base operation, perform a (costly) optimization search for the best schedule. In this paper, we rely on Apache TVM to generate an experience-guided gemm that provides performance competitive with the TVM auto-scheduler, while reducing tuning time by a factor of 48×.
Jumbo quail responses to diets containing incremental levels of apple (Malus domestica Borkh) pomace
Authors: Matabane Allen Ngoanaoroele , Egbu Chidozie Freedom , Mnisi Caven Mguvane
Published: November 2024

The utilization of nutraceutical sources such as apple (Malus domestica Borkh) pomace powder (APP) could be a strategy to reduce the excessive disposal of this agro-waste in landfills and promote sustainable Jumbo quail (Coturnix sp.) production. However, the amount of the APP that can be included in Jumbo quail diets to achieve optimum production is unknown. This study evaluated the impact of including incremental levels of APP on performance metrics, haemato-biochemical parameters, and meat quality responses in Jumbo quail. A total of 350 Jumbo quail (7-day-old; 28.0 ± 0.817 g live weight) were weighed and randomly allotted to five dietary treatments, where each treatment had seven replicates with 10 birds each. The diets were formulated to contain 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 g/kg APP. Dietary APP induced negative quadratic effects (p < 0.05) on feed intake in weeks 2 and 3. Body weight gain and gain-to-feed ratio decreased linearly in weeks 2, 3, and 4, but quadratically responded to APP levels in week 5. Platelets, heterophils, lymphocytes, and serum phosphorus and calcium showed linear or quadratic responses (p < 0.05) as APP levels increased. Increasing levels of APP linearly (p < 0.05) reduced carcass performance and 24-hour breast meat redness and chroma values but increased 1-hour yellowness and 24-hour lightness. The inclusion of APP compromised growth and carcass performance in young growing Jumbo quail. However, feed efficiency and final body weight were maximized between 50 and 75 g APP levels/kg diet in five-week-old Jumbo quail without compromising blood and meat quality parameters.
Deciphering Water Oxidation Catalysts: The Dominant Role of Surface Chemistry over Reconstruction Degree in Activity Promotion
Authors: An Li , Li Jianyi , Sun Yuanmiao , Zhu Jiamin , Seow Justin Zhu Yeow , Zhang Hong , Zhang Nan , Xi Pinxian , Xu Zhichuan J. , Yan Chun-Hua
Published: November 2024

Water splitting hinges crucially on the availability of electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction. The surface reconstruction has been widely observed in perovskite catalysts, and the reconstruction degree has been often correlated with the activity enhancement. Here, a systematic study on the roles of Fe substitution in activation of perovskite LaNiO3 is reported. The substituting Fe content influences both current change tendency and surface reconstruction degree. LaNi0.9Fe0.1O3 is found exhibiting a volcano-peak intrinsic activity in both pristine and reconstructed among all substituted perovskites in the LaNi1-xFexO3 (x = 0.00, 0.10, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00) series. The reconstructed LaNi0.9Fe0.1O3 shows a higher intrinsic activity than most reported NiFe-based catalysts. Besides, density functional theory calculations reveal that Fe substitution can lower the O 2p level, which thus stabilize lattice oxygen in LaNi0.9Fe0.1O3 and ensure its long-term stability. Furthermore, it is vital interesting that activity of the reconstructed catalysts relied more on the surface chemistry rather than the reconstruction degree. The effect of Fe on the degree of surface reconstruction of the perovskite is decoupled from that on its activity enhancement after surface reconstruction. This finding showcases the importance to customize the surface chemistry of reconstructed catalysts for water oxidation.
Reflexion zur Gerechtigkeit bei Therapieentscheidungen
Authors: Friesenecker Barbara , Gasser Georg , Fruhwald Sonja , Hasibeder Walter , Dier Helga , Valentin Andreas
Published: November 2024

Die beste medizinische Versorgung muss neben der Achtung des Rechts auf Autonomie, des Wohltuns-, und Nicht-Schadens-Prinzips auch dem Anspruch der Gerechtigkeit folgen. Ärztliche Entscheidungsfindung muss sich sowohl an der Verteilungsgerechtigkeit orientieren als auch am „ius suum“ der:des jeweiligen Patient:in, um eine Entscheidung im Sinne der „right care“ zu treffen. „Right care“ orientiert sich am größten Patient:innennutzen, der auf einem realistischen Therapieziel und einer daraus resultierenden individuellen Indikation basiert. Ärzt:innen entsprechen bei ihrer Entscheidungsfindung dem Prinzip der Gerechtigkeit, wenn sie Indikationen streng stellen, den individuellen Nutzen einer technisch möglichen Behandlung für die:den Patient:in bedenken und sich dabei an den Wünschen und Wertvorstellungen einer:eines Patient:in orientieren. Dadurch könnte ein großer Teil der heute stattfindenden Übertherapie und deren negative Folgen vermieden werden.
Five Year Review of All Examined Corneal Tissue in a Tertiary Eye Care Center: Demographics and Surgical Indications
Authors: Kokandi Bushra , Zahrani Saeed Al , Helmi Hala A. , Alshomar Khalid M. , Alkatan Hind Manaa
Published: November 2024

Background

Corneal pathologies are among the most common reversible sight-threatening diseases globally. As such, corneal tissue transplantation (keratoplasty) techniques are evolving over time depending on the prevalence of different pathologies in each geographical area. We aim to provide a baseline information on the common keratoplasty procedures performed in our area in relation to prevalent corneal pathologies and to analyze common corneal surgical practice trends in our area. Other types of corneal tissue sampling (superficial keratectomy and corneal biopsy) indicated for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes are also included.

Methods

This is a retrospective cohort study. All corneal tissue specimens, including those harvested for both therapeutic and diagnostic purposes, received for histopathological examination at our center over a period of 5 years were collected along with the respective demographic data, clinical diagnoses, and surgical indications. Descriptive analysis was used to elucidate important conclusions, and comparative analysis was used to highlight differences between different types of keratoplasty specimens in relation to the surgical indications.

Results

A total of 347 patients’ corneal tissue specimens were included. Males accounted for 52.45%. Full-thickness corneal buttons were the most common (n = 172), followed by partial-thickness corneal specimens (n = 75), and Descemet’s membrane and endothelium samples (n = 63). Top surgical indications for keratoplasty were keratoconus (n = 149), followed by bullous keratopathy (n = 61), failed previous keratoplasty (n = 47), corneal ulceration (n = 33) and corneal dystrophies (n = 22). Patients undergoing penetrating or lamellar keratoplasty were significantly younger (p < 0.001). Superficial keratectomy and corneal biopsy for keratitis were significantly more common among male patients (p = 0.041), while failed endothelial keratoplasty was observed more among females (p = 0.026).

Conclusion

Our findings highlight the evolving landscape of corneal transplantation and the importance of tailoring surgical approaches to address the specific needs and risk profiles in different populations. Keratoconus is a leading cause for corneal grafting and seems to constitute a major treatable and visually disabling disease in Saudi Arabia, thus may require further screening and genetic studies with consideration for preventive measures.
Ancient Maya Economies
Authors: Hutson Scott R.
Published: November 2024

Ancient Maya Economies synthesizes the state of the art across seven components: geographical and historical background, ritual economy, households, specialization, exchange, political economies, and future directions. Other Elements case studies use many of the same components, making it easy to compare and contrast ancient Maya economies with systems of production and consumption in other parts of the world. The time is right for this Elements case because knowledge of ancient Maya economies has undergone a revolution in the last few decades, resulting in a complex panorama of new economic information. Aerial laser scanning has revealed higher amounts of intensive agriculture and research on the ground has turned up better evidence for marketplaces. Maya economies feature specialized production, trade of both bulk goods and luxury goods, close integration with ritual and religion, and a carnival parade of political economies.
Hydrodynamics of Markets
Authors: Lipton Alexander
Published: November 2024

An intriguing link between a wide range of problems occurring in physics and financial engineering is presented. These problems include the evolution of small perturbations of linear flows in hydrodynamics, the movements of particles in random fields described by the Kolmogorov and Klein-Kramers equations, the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck and Feller processes, and their generalizations. They are reduced to affine differential and pseudo-differential equations and solved in a unified way by using Kelvin waves and developing a comprehensive math framework for calculating transition probabilities and expectations. Kelvin waves are instrumental for studying the well-known Black-Scholes, Heston, and Stein-Stein models and more complex path-dependent volatility models, as well as the pricing of Asian options, volatility and variance swaps, bonds, and bond options. Kelvin waves help to solve several cutting-edge problems, including hedging the impermanent loss of Automated Market Makers for cryptocurrency trading. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Agent­-Based Modelling
Authors: Gallegati Giacomo , Gallegati Mauro , Landini Simone
Published: November 2024

This Element works as non-technical overview of Agent-Based Modelling (ABM), a methodology which can be applied to economics, as well as fields of natural and social sciences. This Element presents the introductory notions and historical background of ABM, as well as a general overview of the tools and characteristics of this kind of models, with particular focus on more advanced topics like validation and sensitivity analysis. Agent-based simulations are an increasingly popular methodology which fits well with the purpose of studying problems of computational complexity in systems populated by heterogeneous interacting agents.
Monotheism and Religious Experience
Authors: Webb Mark Owen
Published: November 2024

In the monotheistic traditions, there are people who report having special experiences that justify their monotheistic beliefs. They see, hear, or otherwise experience directly the one true God, ruler of the universe. In order to understand what is going on in these experiences and how we should respond to reports of these experiences, it is important to understand what religious experiences can and can't be, what the claim of monotheism entails, and therefore how what reports of such experiences mean, both for the experiencer and for the recipient of the report.
Polynomial progressions in topological fields
Authors: Krause Ben , Mirek Mariusz , Peluse Sarah , Wright James
Published: November 2024

Let

$P_1, \ldots , P_m \in \mathbb {K}[\mathrm {y}]$

be polynomials with distinct degrees, no constant terms and coefficients in a general local field

$\mathbb {K}$

. We give a quantitative count of the number of polynomial progressions

$x, x+P_1(y), \ldots , x + P_m(y)$

lying in a set

$S\subseteq \mathbb {K}$

of positive density. The proof relies on a general

$L^{\infty }$

inverse theorem which is of independent interest. This inverse theorem implies a Sobolev improving estimate for multilinear polynomial averaging operators which in turn implies our quantitative estimate for polynomial progressions. This general Sobolev inequality has the potential to be applied in a number of problems in real, complex and p-adic analysis.
The Epistemic Fata Morgana: Appropriation in the Institutional Context
Authors: Kok Sara
Published: November 2024

In this article, I identify a conceptually distinct form of epistemic appropriation: the creation and proliferation of the epistemic fata morgana. An epistemic fata morgana is a hermeneutical resource that is hollowed out, stripped of its meaning and political power, and yet, posited as if it were still accessible. This resource is taken up by dominant knowers in a way that preserves only its perception, but not access to it. This process is illustrated by an examination of the resource “sexual harassment” within the university context. The epistemic fata morgana is an important addition to the field of epistemic injustice for it lends itself to highlighting the frustration that is felt by marginalized people, especially within institutional contexts.
Breakage dynamics and scaling of wet aggregates of rigid particles
Authors: Braysh Lama , Mutabaruka Patrick , Radjai Farhang , Mora Serge
Published: November 2024

The mechanical behaviour of wet particle aggregates is crucial in many granular processes such as wet granulation and soil degradation. However, the interplay of capillary and viscous forces for aggregate stability and breakage have remained elusive due to the complexity of granular dynamics. We use particle dynamics simulations to analyse the deformation and breakage of wet aggregates colliding with a flat wall. The aggregates are composed of spherical particles and the effect of liquid bonds is modelled through capillary and lubrication forces acting between particles. We perform an extensive parametric study by varying surface tension, impact velocity and liquid viscosity in a broad range of values. We show that when lubrication force is neglected, aggregate breakage is fully controlled by the reduced kinetic energy

$\xi$

, defined as the ratio of incident kinetic energy to the initial capillary energy. At low values of

$\xi$

, the aggregate deforms without breakage due to inelastic energy loss induced by rearrangements and loss of capillary bonds, whereas above a critical value of

$\xi$

it breaks into smaller aggregates due to the transfer of kinetic energy from aggregate to fragments. In the presence of lubrication forces, the crossover from capillary to viscous regime is controlled by the capillary number, defined as the ratio of viscous dissipation to capillary energy. We find that the critical value of

$\xi$

for aggregate breakage in the viscous regime increases as a power law with capillary number while the effective restitution coefficient follows the same trend as in the capillary regime.
Molecular phylogenetics provides unequivocal support for reclassifying Cathaemasia hians longivitellata and C. h. hians (Trematoda: Cathaemasiidae) as two valid species with different host preferences
Authors: Heneberg Petr , Sitko Jiljí
Published: November 2024

The two stork species that nest in Central Europe, Ciconia ciconia and Ciconia nigra, have been repeatedly shown to host the digenetic trematode Cathaemasia hians (Rudolphi, 1809) in their esophagus and muscular stomach. These host species differ in their habitat and food preferences, and the morphologic characters of C. hians isolates ex Ci. nigra and Ci. ciconia are not identical. These differences led to a previous proposal of two subspecies, Cathaemasia hians longivitellata Macko, 1960, and Cathaemasia hians hians Macko, 1960. We hypothesize that the Cathaemasia hians isolates ex Ci. nigra and Ci. ciconia represent two independent species. Therefore, in the present study, we performed the first molecular analyses of C. hians individuals that were consistent with the diagnosis of C. hians hians (ex Ci. nigra) and C. hians longivitellata (ex Ci. ciconia). The combined molecular and comparative morphological analyses of the central European Cathaemasia individuals ex Ci. nigra and Ci. ciconia led to the proposal of a split of C. hians into C. hians sensu stricto (formerly C. hians hians) and C. longivitellata sp. n. (formerly C. hians longivitellata). Morphological analyses confirmed that the length of the vitellaria is the key identification feature of the two previously mentioned species. Both Cathaemasia spp. substantially differ at the molecular level and have strict host specificity, which might be related to differences in the habitat and food preferences of the two stork species.
Shared differential factors underlying individual spontaneous neural activity abnormalities in major depressive disorder
Authors: Han Shaoqiang , Tian Ya , Zheng Ruiping , Wen Baohong , Liu Liang , Liu Hao , Wei Yarui , Chen Huafu , Zhao Zongya , Xia Mingrui , Sun Xiaoyi , Wang Xiaoqin , Wei Dongtao , Liu Bangshan , Huang Chu-Chung , Zheng Yanting , Wu Yankun , Chen Taolin , Cheng Yuqi , Xu Xiufeng , Gong Qiyong , Si Tianmei , Qiu Shijun , Lin Ching-Po , Tang Yanqing , Wang Fei , Qiu Jiang , Xie Peng , Li Lingjiang , He Yong , Chen Yuan , Zhang Yong ,   DIDA-MDD Working Group, Cheng Jingliang
Published: November 2024

Background

In contemporary neuroimaging studies, it has been observed that patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) exhibit aberrant spontaneous neural activity, commonly quantified through the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF). However, the substantial individual heterogeneity among patients poses a challenge to reaching a unified conclusion.

Methods

To address this variability, our study adopts a novel framework to parse individualized ALFF abnormalities. We hypothesize that individualized ALFF abnormalities can be portrayed as a unique linear combination of shared differential factors. Our study involved two large multi-center datasets, comprising 2424 patients with MDD and 2183 healthy controls. In patients, individualized ALFF abnormalities were derived through normative modeling and further deconstructed into differential factors using non-negative matrix factorization.

Results

Two positive and two negative factors were identified. These factors were closely linked to clinical characteristics and explained group-level ALFF abnormalities in the two datasets. Moreover, these factors exhibited distinct associations with the distribution of neurotransmitter receptors/transporters, transcriptional profiles of inflammation-related genes, and connectome-informed epicenters, underscoring their neurobiological relevance. Additionally, factor compositions facilitated the identification of four distinct depressive subtypes, each characterized by unique abnormal ALFF patterns and clinical features. Importantly, these findings were successfully replicated in another dataset with different acquisition equipment, protocols, preprocessing strategies, and medication statuses, validating their robustness and generalizability.

Conclusions

This research identifies shared differential factors underlying individual spontaneous neural activity abnormalities in MDD and contributes novel insights into the heterogeneity of spontaneous neural activity abnormalities in MDD.
The problem of history in Thomas Torrance and Bernard Lonergan
Authors: Maclean Stanley
Published: November 2024

The essay compares the problem of history in the theological methods of the Reformed theologian Thomas Torrance and the Catholic theologian Bernard Lonergan. Lonergan works to incorporate historical science into theology, while Torrance argues for a revision of historical science. Lonergan's method is a synthesis of Catholic theology and history, but it is one constructed at the expense of eschatology and the full significance of Christ's resurrection. Torrance's method, on the contrary, includes a dogmatic understanding of history that is grounded solidly on the ‘Word-Act’ of God – the incarnation and resurrection of Christ. It gives full weight to eschatology but elides the contingencies of history.
Unlikely Allies: Lao Insurgent Perspectives of Armed Group Transnational Collaboration in the Emerald Triangle Region during the Third Indochina War
Authors: Baird Ian G.
Published: November 2024

During the Third Indochina War (1979-1991), the ideological alignments of involved parties differed from those during the Second Indochina War, also known as the Vietnam War. Whereas the Second Indochina War pitted communists squarely against non-communists and anti-communists, the Third Indochina War was more complicated and less ideological or political, with communists often fighting against other communists due to the Sino-Soviet ideological split. The enemy of one's enemy was frequently viewed as a friend, often leading to unlikely alliances not rooted in ideological or political similarities. In this article, I argue that it is important to consider the unlikely alliances that emerged during the Third Indochina War by focusing on the particular cross-border interactions and conflicts between communists and non-communists that occurred in the Emerald Triangle, the tri-border region between Laos, Cambodia and Thailand. Focusing particularly on the Lao insurgent perspective, I consider how Lao anti-communist insurgents, the Khmer Rouge, the Communist Party of Thailand, other armed groups, and the Thai military participated in transnational collaboration in this region during the Third Indochina War. In particular, based largely on Lao-language interviews with key figures in the Lao insurgency conducted for over a decade, I examine how Lao insurgents interacted with Khmer Rouge to oppose a common enemy, communist Vietnam and their allies, the People's Republic of Kampuchea and the Lao People's Democratic Republic, and how the Thai military supported them, but only insofar as it enabled them to maintain control over security inside Thailand.
Measuring Cognitive Ability in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Goecke Benjamin , Zimny Luc , Hartung Johanna , Lösche Patrick , Golle Jessika , Wilhelm Oliver
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Working memory capacity (WMC) measures for children are unsatisfying in terms of lack of operational continuity with measures for adolescents and adults. Thus, we developed and validated a multivariate WMC test battery that uses WMC paradigms that can be applied from 1st grade onwards. In Study 1, we developed child-contextualized WMC tests and investigated their psychometric properties (including gender differences) in N = 343 1st graders. In Study 2, we juxtaposed child-contextualized and decontextualized instantiations of our tasks in N = 379 5th–10th graders. Child-contextualized tests were essentially equivalent to structurally identical, decontextualized WMC tests, and the battery correlated strongly with a multivariate measure of fluid intelligence. Across studies, we found support for good psychometric properties of the tests. The battery bridges the gap between child-specific and decontextualized WMC tests, is applicable for all ability levels, can be adapted easily in terms of difficulty and length.
Length of Day Variations Explained in a Bayesian Framework
Authors: Kiani Shahvandi Mostafa , Noir Jérõme , Mishra Siddhartha , Soja Benedikt
Published: November 2024

Length of Day (LOD) observations in the range 720 BCE to 2020—derived from lunar occultation and eclipse records—feature a secular trend and various long‐period fluctuations. While recent estimates show that the secular trend is caused by the combination of lunar tidal friction and glacial isostatic adjustment, the causes of long‐period fluctuations remain ambiguous. We first compute the climatic effects and show that they are anti‐correlated with the observed fluctuations and their amplitude is 10 smaller. Then, we focus on core dynamics and solve for simplified equations of magnetohydrodynamics, namely tangential geostrophy, using Bayesian Physics‐Informed Neural Networks (BPINNs) and independent archeomagnetic and modern geomagnetic observations. Within the observation and reconstruction uncertainty we can reconcile the LOD observations with reconstructions of BPINNs. Furthermore, we demonstrate that LOD variations reconstructed by dynamics of Magneto‐Archimedes‐Coriolis waves do not explain the observed fluctuations. These results have considerable implications for internal and external geodynamics.
Genetic basis of early onset and progression of type 2 diabetes in South Asians
Authors: Hodgson Sam , Williamson Alice , Bigossi Margherita , Stow Daniel , Jacobs Benjamin M. , Samuel Miriam , Gafton Joseph , Zöllner Julia , Spreckley Marie ,   Genes & Health Research Team, Akhtar Shaheen , Angel Ana , Asgar Omar , Ashraf Samina , Bidi Saeed , Breen Gerome , Broster James , Chung Raymond , Collier David , Curtis Charles J. , Chaudhary Shabana , Colligan Grainne , Deloukas Panos , Durham Ceri , Durrani Faiza , Eto Fabiola , Gafton Joseph , Griffiths Chris , Harvey Joanne , Heng Teng , Huang Qin Qin , Hunt Karen A. , Hurles Matt , Hussain Shapna , Islam Kamrul , Iyer Vivek , Kalantzis Georgios , Khan Ahsan , Lavery Cath , Lee Sang Hyuck , MacArthur Daniel , Maher Eamonn , Malawsky Daniel , Malik Sidra , Martin Hilary , Mason Dan , Mazid Mohammed Bodrul , McDermott John , Morton Caroline , Newman Bill , Ovchinnikov Vladimir , Owor Elizabeth , Popov Iaroslav , Qureshi Asma , Raza Mehru , Russell Jessry , Rison Stuart , Safa Nishat , Salman Annum , Simpson Michael , Solly John , Taylor Michael , Trembath Richard C. , Tricker Karen , Van Heel David A. , Walter Klaudia , Whalley Jan , Winckley Caroline , Wood Suzanne , Wright John , Yasmin Sabina , Zengeya Ishevanhu , Langenberg Claudia , van Heel David A. , Mathur Rohini , Siddiqui Moneeza K. , Finer Sarah
Published: November 2024

South Asians develop type 2 diabetes (T2D) early in life and often with normal body mass index (BMI). However, reasons for this are poorly understood because genetic research is largely focused on European ancestry groups. We used recently derived multi-ancestry partitioned polygenic scores (pPSs) to elucidate underlying etiological pathways British Pakistani and British Bangladeshi individuals with T2D (n = 11,678) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (n = 1,965) in the Genes & Health study (n = 50,556). Beta cell 2 (insulin deficiency) and Lipodystrophy 1 (unfavorable fat distribution) pPSs were most strongly associated with T2D, GDM and younger age at T2D diagnosis. Individuals at high genetic risk of both insulin deficiency and lipodystrophy were diagnosed with T2D 8.2 years earlier with BMI 3 kg m−
2 lower compared to those at low genetic risk. The insulin deficiency pPS was associated with poorer HbA1c response to SGLT2 inhibitors. Insulin deficiency and lipodystrophy pPSs were associated with faster progression to insulin dependence and microvascular complications. South Asians had a greater genetic burden from both of these pPSs than white Europeans in the UK Biobank. In conclusion, genetic predisposition to insulin deficiency and lipodystrophy in British Pakistani and British Bangladeshi individuals is associated with earlier onset of T2D, faster progression to complications, insulin dependence and poorer response to medication.
Ultra-wideband microstrip folded antenna for wireless LAN, 5G and Internet of Things applications
Authors: Pandey Utkarsh , Singh Parulpreet , Singh Raghvendra , Kumar Vivek , Ray Kanad , Mallik Saurav , Alshahrani Haya Mesfer , Elshiekh E. , Abbas Mohamed , Soufiene Ben Othman
Published: November 2024

This paper presents an ultra-wideband (UWB) microstrip antenna with a simple structure operating at 2.2–6 GHz bandwidth. The proposed antenna has been demonstrated for its suitability in UWB and multi-band applications, such as wireless local area network (WLAN), Wi-Fi, 5G, Internet of Things (IoT), etc. The antenna is shown to use a simple folded dipole antenna structure demonstrating an omnidirectional radiation pattern of gain 0.8 to 6 dBi throughout the frequency band. The antenna has strong gain at 2.4, 3.5 and 5.5 GHz. The measured results are shown to have a good agreement with the simulated results.
A deep learning based hybrid recommendation model for internet users
Authors: Sami Amany , Adrousy Waleed El , Sarhan Shahenda , Elmougy Samir
Published: November 2024

Recommendation Systems (RS) play a crucial role in delivering personalized item suggestions, yet traditional methods often struggle with accuracy, scalability, efficiency, and cold-start challenges. This paper presents the HRS-IU-DL model, a novel hybrid recommendation system that advances the field by integrating multiple sophisticated techniques to enhance both accuracy and relevance. The proposed model uniquely combines user-based and item-based Collaborative Filtering (CF) to effectively analyze user-item interactions, Neural Collaborative Filtering (NCF) to capture complex non-linear relationships, and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) to identify sequential patterns in user behavior. Furthermore, it incorporates Content-Based Filtering (CBF) with Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) for in-depth analysis of item attributes. A key contribution of this work is the innovative fusion of CF, NCF, RNN, and CBF, which collectively address significant challenges such as data sparsity, the cold-start problem, and the increasing demand for personalized recommendations. Additionally, the model employs N-Sample techniques to recommend the top 10 similar items based on user-specified genres, leveraging methods like Cosine Similarity, Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), and TF-IDF. The HRS-IU-DL model is rigorously evaluated on the publicly available Movielens 100k dataset using train-test splits. Performance is assessed using metrics such as Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Precision, and Recall. The results demonstrate that the HRS-IU-DL model not only outperforms state-of-the-art approaches but also achieves substantial improvements across these evaluation metrics, highlighting its contribution to the advancement of RS technology.
Two new tellurite compounds ACu3Te2O8 (A = Ca, Cd) with ferromagnetic spin-1/2 kagomé layers
Authors: Wang Guozhao , Xiang Wenya , Zhao Zhiying , Cui Meiyan , He Zhangzhen
Published: November 2024

Two new tellurite compounds ACu3Te2O8 (A = Ca, Cd) are found to exhibit a spin-1/2 kagomé lattice with a trigonal space group of R3̄m.
Stabilizing 4π electron pyrrolyl cations by inducing aromaticity
Authors: Gupta Astha , Dar Mohammad Ovais , Singh Tejender , Dubey Gurudutt , Sahoo Subash C. , Bharatam Prasad V.
Published: November 2024

The pyrrolyl cation is a 4π electron ring system which is anti-aromatic and unstable.
An MgV3O8 anode exhibiting enhanced rate capability and stability for lithium storage applications
Authors: Wan Qi , Zhao Jie , Xu Xun , Xu Hechao , Liu Yu , Li Wenshu , Zhang Qingchun , Cao Zhiqin , Wei Xijun , Song Yingze
Published: November 2024

Li-ion insertion and extraction in MgV3O8 follows a straightforward solid-solution lithium storage mechanism, leading to fast diffusion kinetics and minimal volume variation.
Photoactive gate material-based organic photoelectrochemical transistor sensors: working principle and representative applications
Authors: Hou Xiuli , Li Shanfeng , Gao Xin , Peng Yuxin , Liu Qian , Wang Kun
Published: November 2024

Organic photoelectrochemical transistor (OPECT)-based sensors that use light-sensitive semiconductor materials as the gate have recently garnered increasing interest in various fields ranging from biological analysis to environmental monitoring.
Thickness-dependent surface reconstructions in non-van der Waals two-dimensional materials
Authors: Gao Kai , Chen Yan-Jin , Ou Yang , Zeng Jin-ming , Hou Chunju , Yang Yi
Published: November 2024

The zipper-surface is more stable for a monolayer, while the dimer-surface is generally more stable for thicker non-van der Waals two-dimensional Bi2O2X.
Ab initio conformational analysis of α/β-d-xylopyranose at pyrolysis conditions
Authors: Ballotta Bernardo , Lupi Jacopo , Ayarde-Henríquez Leandro , Dooley Stephen
Published: November 2024

Xylopyranose, the major monosaccharide unit of hemicellulose, a key biopolymer of lignocellulosic biomass, adopts the stable chair conformation for both α and β anomers. As the temperature increases, the anomeric ratio alters, favoring the β anomer.
Synthesis and structural characterization of the heavy tricysteinylpnictines, models of protein-bound As(iii), Sb(iii), and Bi(iii)
Authors: Hollow Sophia E. , Johnstone Timothy C.
Published: November 2024

We synthesize and characterize As(Cys)3, Sb(Cys)3, and Bi(Cys)3, describe their crystal structures, analyze structural trends across Pn(SR)3 compounds, and compare their features to the structures of proteins with these centers bound to Cys3 motifs.
Feasibility of nanoparticle-enhanced LIBS (NELIBS) for the analysis of archaeological metallic artifacts: a critical assessment
Authors: Gaudiuso Rosalba , Taleb Aya , Dell'Aglio Marcella , Tommasi Immacolata Concetta , De Giacomo Alessandro
Published: November 2024

NELIBS of historical metallic artifacts can improve the limit of detection up to 78%.
A nanobody-based microfluidic chip for fast and automated purification of protein complexes
Authors: De Keyser Phebe , de Waard Mitch , Jimidar Ignaas S. M. , Verloy Sandrien , Janvier Steven , Kalichuk Valentina , Zögg Thomas , Wohlkönig Alexandre , Pardon Els , Steyaert Jan , Desmet Gert
Published: November 2024

This study purifies protein complexes using a novel nanobody-based affinity chromatography microcolumn and validates its digital twin model.
Nano-violet phosphorus/nano-crystalline cellulose composite films for fire-retardant coatings
Authors: Zhang Lihui , Du Ting , Wang Bingjia , Tang Yiping , Yin Changji , Chang Zixi , Du Chunbao , Cheng Yuan , Zhang Gang
Published: November 2024

A facile strategy has been developed for novel nano-violet phosphorus/nano-crystalline cellulose composite films for fire-retardant coatings.