bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immunocompromised individuals are at increased risk of COVID‐19 breakthrough infection, hospitalization, and death in the post‐vaccination era: A systematic review
Authors: Bytyci Jola , Ying Yuxin , Lee Lennard Y. W.
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Immunocompromised individuals have been shown to mount a reduced response to vaccination, resulting in reduced vaccine effectiveness in this cohort. Therefore, in the postvaccination era, immunocompromised individuals remain at high risk of breakthrough infection and COVID‐19 related hospitalization and death, which persist despite vaccination efforts. There has been a marked paucity of systematic reviews evaluating existing data describing the clinical measures of efficacy of COVID‐19 vaccination, specifically in immunocompromised populations. In particular, there is a scarcity of comprehensive evaluations exploring breakthrough infections and severe COVID‐19 in this patient population.

Methods

To address this gap, we conducted a systematic review which aimed to provide a summary of current clinical evidence of the effectiveness of COVID‐19 vaccination in the immunocompromised population. Using PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a literature search on PubMed and the Cochrane database published between January 1, 2021 to September 1, 2022.

Results

Our findings demonstrated that despite vaccination, immunocompromised patients remained at high risk of new breakthrough COVID‐19 infection and severe COVID‐19 outcomes compared to the general population. We found increased average relative risk (RR) of breakthrough infections in the immunocompromised population, including patients with cancer (RR = 1.4), HIV (RR = 1.92), chronic kidney disease (RR = 2.26), immunodeficiency (RR = 2.55), and organ transplant recipients (RR = 6.94). These patients are also at greater risk for hospitalizations and death following COVID‐19 breakthrough infection. We found that the RR of hospitalization and death in Cancer patients was 1.08 and 2.82, respectively.

Conclusion

This demonstrated that vaccination does not offer an adequate level of protection in these groups, necessitating further measures such as Evusheld and further boosters.
Diabetes is associated with increased liver cancer incidence and mortality in adults: A report from Asia Cohort Consortium
Authors: Ho Nhan Thi , Abe Sarah Krull , Rahman Md. Shafiur , Islam Rashedul , Saito Eiko , Gupta Prakash C. , Pednekar Mangesh S. , Sawada Norie , Tsugane Shoichiro , Tamakoshi Akiko , Kimura Takashi , Shu Xiao‐Ou , Gao Yu‐Tang , Koh Woon‐Puay , Cai Hui , Wen Wanqing , Sakata Ritsu , Tsuji Ichiro , Malekzadeh Reza , Pourshams Akram , Kanemura Seiki , Kim Jeongseon , Chen Yu , Ito Hidemi , Oze Isao , Nagata Chisato , Wada Keiko , Sugawara Yumi , Park Sue K. , Shin Aesun , Yuan Jian‐Min , Wang Renwei , Kweon Sun‐Seog , Shin Min‐Ho , Poustchi Hossein , Vardanjani Hossein Molavi , Ahsan Habibul , Chia Kee Seng , Matsuo Keitaro , Qiao You‐Lin , Rothman Nathaniel , Zheng Wei , Inoue Manami , Kang Daehee , Boffetta Paolo
Published: April 2024

There has been growing evidence suggesting that diabetes may be associated with increased liver cancer risk. However, studies conducted in Asian countries are limited. This project considered data of 968,738 adults pooled from 20 cohort studies of Asia Cohort Consortium to examine the association between baseline diabetes and liver cancer incidence and mortality. Cox proportional hazard model and competing risk approach was used for pooled data. Two‐stage meta‐analysis across studies was also done. There were 839,194 subjects with valid data regarding liver cancer incidence (5654 liver cancer cases [48.29/100,000 person‐years]), follow‐up time and baseline diabetes (44,781 with diabetes [5.3%]). There were 747,198 subjects with valid data regarding liver cancer mortality (5020 liver cancer deaths [44.03/100,000 person‐years]), follow‐up time and baseline diabetes (43,243 with diabetes [5.8%]). Hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval [95%CI]) of liver cancer diagnosis in those with vs. without baseline diabetes was 1.97 (1.79, 2.16) (p < .0001) after adjusting for baseline age, gender, body mass index, tobacco smoking, alcohol use, and heterogeneity across studies (n = 586,072; events = 4620). Baseline diabetes was associated with increased cumulative incidence of death due to liver cancer (adjusted HR (95%CI) = 1.97 (1.79, 2.18); p < .0001) (n = 595,193; events = 4110). A two‐stage meta‐analytic approach showed similar results. This paper adds important population‐based evidence to current literature regarding the increased incidence and mortality of liver cancer in adults with diabetes. The analysis of data pooled from 20 studies of different Asian countries and the meta‐analysis across studies with large number of subjects makes the results robust.
Toward an extended framework of exhaust data for predictive analytics: An empirical approach
Authors: O'Leary Daniel E.
Published: April 2024

We investigate applying and extending an exhaust data framework, using an empirical analysis to explore and compare different predictive analytic capabilities of both internal and external exhaust data for estimating sales. We use internal exhaust data that explores the relationship between app usage and web traffic data and estimation of sales and find the ability to predict sales at least 4 days ahead. We also develop predictive models of sales, using external data of Google searches, extending the previous research to include additional macroeconomic Google variables and Wikipedia pageviews, finding that we can predict at least 4 months ahead, suggesting a portfolio of exhaust data be used. We introduce the roles of internal and external exhaust data, direct and indirect exhaust data and transformed exhaust data, into an exhaust data framework. We examine what appear to be different levels of information fineness and predictability from those exhaust data sources. We also note the importance of the types of devices (e.g., mobile) and the types of commerce (e.g., mobile commerce) in creating and finding different types of exhaust. Finally, we apply an existing exhaust data framework to develop macroeconomic data exhaust variables, as the means of capturing inflation and unemployment information, using Google searches.
Mobile infrastructure quality, regulatory quality, government effectiveness: Does e‐government development matter?
Authors: Inusah Sulemana , Ibrahim Osman Adam , Narsam Salifu Zaruk
Published: April 2024

There is a great deal of interest in how mobile infrastructure quality, regulatory quality, and a nation's capacity to develop efficient e‐government systems affect government effectiveness. The literature ignores the part electronic government plays in either the regulatory quality‐government effectiveness or mobile infrastructure quality‐government effectiveness nexuses, despite the fact that existing research indicates that the effects of these factors on government effectiveness vary across nations. Secondary data for 52 African nations was extracted from World Governance Indicator (WGI), Mobile Connectivity Index (MCI), and United Nations E‐government Database to empirically investigate the mediating relationship of e‐governments using hypothesized model. The positivist paradigm is considered appropriate for this study because it focuses on validating and testing a hypothesized model. The results show a significant relationship between mobile infrastructure quality and e‐government development, regulatory quality and e‐government development, e‐government and government effectiveness. However, there was no significant relationship between mobile infrastructure quality and government effectiveness. Additionally, e‐government was found to mediate the relationship between regulatory quality and government effectiveness and the relationship between mobile infrastructure quality and government effectiveness. This suggests that government effectiveness is enhanced when a country is able to develop and implement a good electronic system. The successful implementation of e‐governance practices offers better delivery of services to citizens, improved interactions with business, citizen empowerment through access to information, greater convenience, and cost reductions. In addition, establishing protections and legal reforms will be needed to ensure, among other things, the privacy, security and legal recognition of electronic interactions and electronic signatures.
Computer intelligent network security and preventive measures of internet of things devices
Authors: Ye Jianfeng , Li Li , Zheng Kaiyan
Published: April 2024

The paper focused on researching and analyzing computer intelligence network security and preventive measures in the context of the IoT, aiming to improve the security coefficient of the IoT network and reduce IoT network security accidents through computer intelligence technology. Through experiments, we obtained data that demonstrated the effectiveness of computer intelligence in improving IoT security. In several groups of experiments, the maximum number of information leaks in the IoT network using computer intelligence within a month was 10 times smaller than the maximum number in traditional IoT networks, and the minimum number was 8 times smaller. This shows that computer intelligence can prevent information leakage in the IoT. Similarly, in several groups of experiments, the maximum number of data thefts in a month in the IoT network using computer intelligence was 15 times smaller than the maximum number in traditional IoT networks, and the minimum number was 16 times smaller. This demonstrates that computer intelligence can prevent data theft in the IoT. These findings confirm that computer intelligence can improve the security of the IoT network.
Lateralization of cortical activity, networks, and hemodynamic lag after stroke: A resting‐state fNIRS study
Authors: Xu Gongcheng , Chen Tiandi , Yin Jiahui , Shao Guangjian , Fan Yubo , Li Zengyong
Published: April 2024

Focal damage due to stroke causes widespread abnormal changes in brain function and hemispheric asymmetry. In this study, functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to collect resting‐state hemoglobin data from 85 patients with subacute stroke and 26 healthy controls, to comparatively analyze the characteristics of lateralization after stroke in terms of cortical activity, functional networks, and hemodynamic lags. Higher intensity of motor cortical activity, lower hemispheric autonomy, and more abnormal hemodynamic leads or lags were found in the affected hemisphere. Lateralization metrics of the three aspects were all associated with the Fugl‐Meyer score. The results of this study prove that three lateralization metrics may provide clinical reference for stroke rehabilitation. Meanwhile, the present study piloted the use of resting‐state fNIRS for analyzing hemodynamic lag, demonstrating the potential of fNIRS to assess hemodynamic abnormalities in addition to the study of cortical neurological function after stroke.
Impact of theta transcranial alternating current stimulation on language production in adult classic galactosemia patients
Authors: Derks Britt , Kumar Varsha Shashi , Yadnik Sai , Panis Bianca , Bosch Annet M. , Cassiman David , Janssen Mirian C. H. , Schuhmann Teresa , Rubio‐Gozalbo M. Estela , Jansma Bernadette M.
Published: April 2024

Patients with classic galactosemia (CG), an inborn error of galactose metabolism, suffer from impairments in cognition, including language processing. Potential causes are atypical brain oscillations. Recent electroencephalogram (EEG) showed differences in the P300 event‐related‐potential (ERP) and alterations in the alpha/theta‐range during speech planning. This study investigated whether transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) at theta‐frequency compared to sham can cause a normalization of the ERP post stimulation and improves language performance. Eleven CG patients and fourteen healthy controls participated in two tACS‐sessions (theta 6.5 Hz/sham). They were engaged in an active language task, describing animated scenes at three moments, that is, pre/during/post stimulation. Pre and post stimulation, behavior (naming accuracy, voice‐onset‐times; VOT) and mean‐amplitudes of ERP were compared, by means of a P300 time‐window analysis and cluster‐based‐permutation testing during speech planning. The results showed that theta stimulation, not sham, significantly reduced naming error‐percentage in patients, not in controls. Theta did not systematically speed up naming beyond a general learning effect, which was larger for the patients. The EEG analysis revealed a significant pre‐post stimulation effect (P300/late positivity), in patients and during theta stimulation only. In conclusion, theta‐tACS improved accuracy in language performance in CG patients compared to controls and altered the P300 and late positive ERP‐amplitude, suggesting a lasting effect on neural oscillation and behavior.
Wolverine density, survival, and population trends in the Canadian boreal forest
Authors: Scrafford Matthew A. , Seguin Jacob L. , McCaw Laura K. , Boyce Mark S. , Ray Justina C.
Published: April 2024

There is limited information available on wolverine (Gulo gulo) population density and trends in the boreal forest of North America. We estimated wolverine density using spatial capture‐recapture methods across 2 boreal forest study areas in Red Lake, Ontario (26,568 km2) and Rainbow Lake, Alberta (19,084 km2), Canada. We also used radio‐telemetry data to estimate annual survival of adult and sub‐adult wolverines and evaluated population trends with a stage‐based matrix model. We used an array of run poles and live traps to detect wolverines. In Red Lake over 3 winter field seasons (2019–2022), we detected 56 individual wolverines (17 females, 32 males, and 7 unknown sex), and in Rainbow Lake over 2 field seasons (2014–2016), we detected 48 individuals (19 females, 18 males, and 11 of unknown sex). Average densities in Red Lake and Rainbow Lake were 3.64 and 6.74 wolverines/1,000 km2, respectively. Adults and sub‐adults occurred at equal abundance. Spring snow cover, roads, and industrial developments were not associated with spatial patterns of wolverine density. Most deaths occurred near roads; wolverines were killed in fur traps set along roads, by wolves using roads to travel, and by vehicles. The largest source of death was from incidental (n = 6 in Red Lake) or licensed fur trapping (n = 8 in Rainbow Lake) and we report 8 injuries from fur trapping sets. Red Lake survival estimates for adults (0.87) and sub‐adults (0.86) contributed to a stable population trend. Rainbow Lake survival estimates for adults (0.66) and sub‐adults (0.50) contributed to a declining population trend based on a relatively low sample of radio‐days. Red Lake and Rainbow Lake combined survival estimates for adults (0.77) and sub‐adults (0.73) also contributed to a declining population trend. Our survival and population modeling suggests that human‐caused mortality is a significant risk to these populations. Our results can be applied to wolverine status assessments and used as benchmarks for future monitoring. Wolverine population stability or growth might be achieved by reducing incidental trapping deaths or injury and hindering human access to wolverine habitats through decommissioning or limiting development of industrial roads or other anthropogenic linear features.
Salivary α‐Synuclein as a Candidate Biomarker of Parkinsonism in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome
Authors: Fanella Martina , Cerulli Irelli Emanuele , Accinni Tommaso , Di Fabio Fabio , Putotto Carolina , Pulvirenti Federica , Bellomi Francesco E. , Di Bonaventura Carlo , Vivacqua Giorgio
Published: April 2024

Background

22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) has been linked to an increased risk of early‐onset Parkinson's disease. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying parkinsonism remain poorly understood.

Objective

The objective is to investigate salivary total α‐synuclein levels in 22q11.2DS patients with and without parkinsonian motor signs.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study included 10 patients with 22q11.2DS with parkinsonism (Park+), ten 22q11.2DS patients without parkinsonism (Park−), and 10 age and sex‐comparable healthy subjects (HS). Salivary and serum α‐synuclein levels were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

Salivary total α‐synuclein concentration was significantly lower in Park (+) patients than in Park (−) patients and HS (P = 0.007). In addition, salivary α‐synuclein showed good accuracy in discriminating Park (+) from Park (−) patients (area under the curve = 0.86) and correlated with motor severity and cognitive impairment.

Conclusion

This exploratory study suggests that the parkinsonian phenotype of 22q11.2DS is associated with a reduced concentration of monomeric α‐synuclein in biological fluids.
Characteristics of mesoscale convective systems and related precipitation in the three‐river‐source region of China
Authors: Xie Qiyu , Yao Xiuping
Published: April 2024

Mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are important air water sources to the Three‐river‐source (TRS) region known as the “Chinese water tower.” Using hourly equivalent blackbody temperature (TBB) data from geostationary satellites of Chinese Fengyun‐2 series during the warm season (May–August) in 2005–2020 and an objective algorithm, MCSs in the TRS are divided into meso‐α (MαCS), meso‐β (MβCS), and meso‐γ (MγCS), and MαCS and MβCS are subdivided into larger meso‐α (LMαCS), smaller meso‐α (SMαCS), larger meso‐β (LMβCS), and smaller meso‐β (SMβCS). Results show that a high‐frequency zone of MCSs in the TRS distributes along the source of the rivers. Most MCSs, except LMαCS, develop and dissipate in situ. The interannual variation in MCS frequency exhibits a decreasing trend, especially after 2013, mainly due to the decrease in MCSs in the source region of the Yellow–Lancang River. The occurrence of MCSs peaks in August, but MCSs are most likely to produce precipitation in July and usually generate between 1600–2200 h LST (UTC + 8). The precipitation caused by MCSs to the total precipitation (precipitation ratio, PR) accounts for about 40%; MCS PR is closely related to, and increases with, the horizontal scale of the MCS, with MαCS PR being the highest, exceeding 67%. The contribution of MCSs to precipitation is mainly reflected in weak precipitation, smaller than 10.0 mm/h. Most of the maximum precipitation of MCSs appears after MCSs reach their prime, with the maximum lag by MαCS up to 2 h.
Ground state solutions for asymptotically linear Schrödinger equations on locally finite graphs
Authors: Li Yunxue , Wang Zhengping
Published: April 2024

We are considered with the following nonlinear Schrödinger equation:

on a locally finite graph
, where
denotes the vertex set,
denotes the edge set,
is a parameter,
is asymptotically linear with respect to
at infinity, and the potential
has a nonempty well
. By using variational methods, we prove that the above problem has a ground state solution
for any
. Moreover, we show that as
, the ground state solution
converges to a ground state solution of a Dirichlet problem defined on the potential well
.
Transpiration of neurological phenomena in cancer: Long‐term depression (LTD) abrogates cancer stem cell memory and sensitizes it to metabolic therapy
Authors: Ravichandran Gayathri , Rengan Aravind Kumar
Published: April 2024

Therapy resistance and recurrence are irrefutably ascribed to the unique attributes of the cancer stem cell (CSC) population. Therefore, discerning the underlying mechanism is imperative in arbitrating a strategic therapeutic approach. In this study, we have observed the coexistence of neuron‐like cell (NLC) subpopulations in different cancer cell lines. The NLC subset was further validated by transfection studies and was found to be positive for PSD‐95. As a proof of concept, we have also demonstrated the transpiration of neurological phenomena such as long‐term potentiation (LTP) and long‐term depression (LTD) in cancer. We have utilized PMA drug and IL‐13 cytokine to study LTD and LTP, respectively, and observed a correlation between the memory marker (GLUN2B) and stemness markers (CD95 and CD58). Moreover, the transcriptional protein pCREB, which plays a crucial role in memory formation, was found to influence CD44 protein levels. These findings suggest that the instigation of LTD can impair cellular memory and sensitize CSC to the metabolic inhibitor, 3Bromopyruvate. Furthermore, this study interfaces the neurobiology of cancer and nanomedicine, wherein we have used biomimetic nanocarriers for the active targeting of drugs and demonstrate their ability to augment therapeutic efficiency.
Continuous alcohol withdrawal delirium and physical illness‐associated delirium in a man brought to the emergency department after a disaster: A case report
Authors: Kikuchi Kota , Hasegawa Chie , Sasaki Taro , Sato Yoshiteru , Owada Tamaki , Shindo Yunosuke , Kawamata Yasushi , Sugawara Norio , Yasui‐Furukori Norio
Published: April 2024

Background

Risk factors for alcohol withdrawal delirium include heavy drinking, prior alcohol withdrawal delirium or convulsions, nondrug sedative use, and a history of tachycardia, withdrawal, and infections.

Case Presentation

A 76‐year‐old man with a history of heavy drinking and type 2 diabetes was hospitalized for hypothermia, rhabdomyolysis, and acute renal failure after a typhoon. He developed alcohol withdrawal symptoms 24 h after his last drink, leading to severe withdrawal delirium characterized by restlessness, delusions, and altered consciousness. Treatment included lorazepam, in addition to comprehensive care for his physical condition. His condition fluctuated, especially at night, with his psychiatric symptoms exacerbated by his physical illnesses, suggesting delirium due to the coexistence of severe and multiple physical illnesses. After 44 days, following substantial improvements in both mental and physical health with perospirone, the patient was discharged.

Conclusion

This case emphasizes the need for multidisciplinary collaboration in the treatment of such patients, especially during disasters, and the importance of long‐term monitoring for elderly patients with alcohol dependence syndrome after a disaster.
Scoping review on soil microbiome and gut health—Are soil microorganisms missing from the planetary health plate?
Authors: Roslund Marja I. , Laitinen Olli H. , Sinkkonen Aki
Published: April 2024

Evidence suggests that soil microorganisms, to which humans have been exposed throughout our evolutionary history, were essential for the evolution of the human gut microbiome and immunological resilience. In recent decades, gut microbial diversity has decreased along with urbanization and global loss of biodiversity. At the same time, the prevalence of chronic, non‐communicable inflammatory diseases has been increasing in urbanized societies.

Here, we investigate whether the existing literature supports the hypothesis that ingesting soil microbiota provides immunological resilience. We focus on identifying research gaps and challenges that must be overcome to understand the effects of eating soil on immunological resilience. A scoping review of the peer‐reviewed empirical literature was carried out. The search focused on studies that exposed mammals to direct soil contact and measured the gut microbiota and host response; 12 articles, including four human, six mouse and two other mammal studies, were identified for inclusion in the review. In addition, seven articles related to human health risks associated with soil consumption were included in the review.

Studies indicate that ingesting soil‐bound microorganisms supports immunological resilience. There is a lack of intervention studies that include human study subjects that test orally the effect of soil microorganisms on the gut microbiota and immunological resilience.

Challenges, particularly soil heterogeneity and risks related to soil biological and chemical properties, have prevented progress to fully understand the effect of oral intake of soil‐bound microorganisms on human gut microbiota and health.

The results encourage the development of technologies that allow daily exposure to soil microbiota. Future research should be aimed to precisely test the importance of oral intake of soil‐bound microorganisms in gut microbial homeostasis and immunological resilience.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Colonization of Piriformospora indica enhances rice resistance against the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens
Authors: Xu Gang , Li Chutong , Gui Wei , Xu Meiqi , Lu Jing , Qian Mingshi , Zhang Yuanyuan , Yang Guoqing
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Piriformospora indica is an endophytic fungus that can promote the growth and confer resistance against diverse stresses in host plants by root colonization. However, the effects of P. indica colonization on improving plant resistance to insect pests are still less explored. The brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens is a serious monophagous pest that causes extensive damage to rice plants. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effects of P. indica colonization on rice resistance against BPH.

RESULTS

The colonization of P. indica in rice roots resisted damage from BPH. Age‐stage, two‐sex life table analyses showed that feeding on P. indica‐colonized rice plants affected BPH's female adult longevity, oviposition period, fecundity, population parameters and population size. BPH female adults feeding on P. indica‐colonized plants excreted less honeydew. P. indica colonization remarkably increased the duration of np, N2, and N3 waveform, as well as the occurrences of N1 and N2, and decreased the duration of N4‐b for BPH on rice plants. Meanwhile, the weight of BPH on the colonized plants was significantly lower than the control. In addition, the feeding and oviposition preferences of BPH to P. indica‐colonized plants were reduced. qRT‐RCR analyses revealed that P. indica colonization induced the expressions of jasmonic acid (JA)‐ and salicylic acid (SA)‐related genes in rice plants.

CONCLUSION

P. indica colonization can reduce BPH performance on rice plants with potential inhibitory effects on population growth. Collectively, these results support the potential for endophytically colonized P. indica as an effective strategy to improve insect resistance of crops. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
3D‐Var data assimilation using a variational autoencoder
Authors: Melinc Boštjan , Zaplotnik Žiga
Published: April 2024

Data assimilation of atmospheric observations traditionally relies on variational and Kalman filter methods. Here, an alternative neural network data assimilation (NNDA) with variational autoencoder (VAE) is proposed. The three‐dimensional variational (3D‐Var) data assimilation cost function is utilised to determine the analysis that optimally fuses simulated observations and the encoded short‐range persistence forecast (background), accounting for their errors. The minimisation is performed in the reduced‐order latent space discovered by the VAE. The variational problem is autodifferentiable, simplifying the computation of the cost‐function gradient necessary for efficient minimisation. We demonstrate that the background‐error covariance (B) matrix measured and represented in the latent space is quasidiagonal. The background‐error covariances in the grid‐point space are flow‐dependent, evolving seasonally and depending on the current state of the atmosphere. Data assimilation experiments with a single temperature observation in the lower troposphere indicate that theBmatrix describes both tropical and extratropical background‐error covariances simultaneously.
Using social media in disaster management: The perceptions of emergency responders versus the public
Authors: Stolero Nathan , Elkady Sahar , Labaka Leire , Verlin Jan , Branlat Matthieu , Adini Bruria
Published: April 2024

This paper investigates the perceptions of professionals (emergency organizations: authorities and first responders) regarding the usage of social media versus the perceptions of the public regarding their expectations concerning the use of social media in communicating emergencies and disasters. It provides a novel perspective on the alignment between perceptions and expectations in disaster social media usage, delving into the structural constraints and opportunities of current practices. The research incorporates qualitative interviews with emergency professionals, a quantitative survey of the general population, and content analysis of social media interactions across seven countries (Israel, Italy, Spain, France, Sweden, Norway, and Romania), aiming to discern differing viewpoints on social media's role in crises. It underscores the variations and commonalities between authorities/first responders and the public's perspectives, revealing differences in acceptance and concerns regarding social media use among these stakeholders. The analysis identified three primary themes: cognitive needs, integrative needs, and communication flow, each with specific, interconnected subthemes. These insights emphasize the need for a better understanding of these diverse perspectives to enhance disaster communication. The paper suggests that effectively utilizing social media and crowdsourcing technologies can help bridge the gap between emergency services and the public, fostering more disaster‐resilient societies.
Green gross domestic product: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Karunanithi Kriskkumar , Bui Wency Kher Thinng , Tan Houng Chien
Published: April 2024

Green gross domestic product (GGDP) is a measure of economic performance that takes into account environmental aspects. This paper analyses the bibliographic data of 1321 articles retrieved from the Scopus database to shed some light on the GGDP literature for the past 47 years (1976–2022). Using VOSviewer, a combination of performance analysis (publication trend, top authors, top countries, top journals) and science mapping techniques (co‐citation and co‐occurrence) were employed. The co‐citation analysis reveals three thematic clusters, namely: (1) political and social science dimensions of social and environmental reporting, (2) environmental disclosures, and (3) systematic review of social and environmental accounts. The co‐occurrence analysis indicates a trend towards climate change and corporate governance, with a notable shift in focus from European and Eurasian countries to China. More importantly, this study offers valuable insights into the growing body of literature on GGDP, while emphasising the need for greater geographical representation and collaboration to advance the field.
Tax expenditures and progress to the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Masiya Michael , Hall Stephen , Murray Stuart , Etter‐Phoya Rachel , Hannah Eilish , O'Hare Bernadette
Published: April 2024

This study reports the impact of governments having additional revenue equivalent to tax expenditures on achieving the Sustainable Development Goals in 97 countries. The study draws data on revenue foregone from the Global Tax Expenditure Database. To analyze the potential of an increase in government revenue equivalent to the revenue foregone, the study uses the Government Revenue and Development Estimations modeling. The study finds that if governments had additional revenue equivalent to tax expenditures: an additional 17 million children would attend school (13.62% currently out of school), an additional 70 million people would use basic water (23% of those without access), 146 million would use basic sanitation (20% of those without access), 181,000 children would survive (13% of children who currently die), and 12,000 mothers would survive (16% of mothers who currently die). Critically, there would be improvements in governance indicators in all regions. Foregone revenue from tax expenditures could increase access to public services for millions, which is the most effective tool for reducing inequality and driving progress toward sustainable development. The massive opportunity costs reported here require all governments to report and justify their annual tax expenditure.
Highly Efficient N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Precursor from Sterically Hindered Benzimidazolium Salt for Benzoin Condensation
Authors: Banu Shaik Farheen , Indira Meeniga , Sreeshitha Mandapalli , Vasu Govardhana Reddy Peddiahgari
Published: April 2024

A diverse array of simple benzoin compounds featuring aryl and heteroaryl substituents were prepared from corresponding aldehydes, achieving moderate to excellent yields. To achieve this, a library of NHC precursors was designed and synthesized from imidazole and benzimidazole. Our custom‐designed NHC precursors (L1–L10) varied in size and structure. Built on imidazolinium and benzimidazolinium salts, these catalysts sported substituents at the N1 and N3 positions ranging from compact groups like butyl or benzyl to the much bulkier anthracenyl group. Treatment with a base transforms these salts into highly effective NHC precursors. After being activated, these NHCs become highly effective catalysts for the benzoin condensation reaction. We tested all the NHC precursors we made and found that L10, the one containing the large and bulky anthracenyl group attached to a benzimidazolium ring, worked the best for making benzoin derivatives.
Precise Regulation in Chain‐Edge Structural Microenvironments of 1D Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photocatalysis
Authors: Yang Hongjie , Wang Jinfeng , Zhao Rui , Hou Linxi
Published: April 2024

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) constitute a promising research topic for photocatalytic reactions, but the rules and conformational relationships of 1D COFs are poorly defined. Herein, the chain edge structure is designed by precise modulation at the atomic level, and the 1D COFs bonded by C, O, and S elements is directionally prepared for oxygen‐tolerant photoinduced electron transfer‐atom transfer radical polymerization (PET‐ATRP) reactions. It is demonstrated that heteroatom‐type chain edge structures (─O─, ─S─) lead to a decrease in intra‐plane conjugation, which restricts the effective transport of photogenerated electrons along the direction of the 1D strip. In contrast, the all‐carbon type chain edge structure (─C─) with higher intra‐plane conjugation not only reduces the energy loss of photoexcited electrons but also enhances the carrier density, which exhibits the optimal photopolymerization performance. This work offers valuable guidance in the exploitation of 1D COFs for high photocatalytic performance. This work offers valuable guidance in the exploitation of 1D COFs for high photocatalytic performance.
Spatiotemporal Release of Singlet Oxygen in Low Molecular Weight Organo‐Gels Upon Thermal or Photochemical External Stimuli
Authors: Sandelin Emil , Schilling Leonard , Saha Ekata , Ruiu Andrea , Neutze Richard , Sundén Henrik , Wallentin Carl‐Johan
Published: April 2024

The first example of a material capable of spatiotemporal catch and release of singlet oxygen (1O2) in gel phase is presented. Several low molecular weight organogelators based around an oxotriphenylhexanoate (OTHO) core are developed and optimized with regard to; their gelation properties, and ability of releasing 1O2 upon thermal and/or photochemical external stimuli, in both gel phase and solution. Remarkably, reversible phase transitioning between the gel and solution phase are also demonstrated. Taken together two complementary modes of releasing 1O2, one thermally controlled over time, and one rapid release by means of photochemical stimuli is disclosed. These findings represent the first phase reversible system where function and aggregation properties can be controlled independently, and thus pave the way for novel applications in material sciences as well as in life sciences.
Unravelling the Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting of Nanometer‐Thick Carbon Nitride Layer
Authors: Zhi Fengmei , Wu Suqin , Lai Chen , He Mao , Deng Wenjie , Zhang Dexu , Peng Xiaoying , Wu Qizheng , Xia Jiawei , Lu Zhang‐Hui , Wang Mingzhan , Zhang Wei‐Guang , Xu Jingsan , Liu Chong , Peng Guiming
Published: April 2024

Matching the thickness of the graphitic carbon nitride (CN) nanolayer with the charge diffusion length is expected to compensate for the poor intrinsic conductivity and charge recombination in CN for photoelectrochemical cells (PEC). Herein, the compact CN nanolayer with tunable thickness is in situ coated on carbon fibers. The compact packing along with good contact with the substrate improves the electron transport and alleviates the charge recombination. The PEC investigation shows CN nanolayer of 93 nm‐thick yields an optimum photocurrent of 116 µA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus RHE, comparable to most micrometer‐thick CN layers, with a low onset potential of 0.2 V in 1 m KOH under 1 sun illumination. This optimum performance suggests the electron diffusion length matches with the thickness of the CN nanolayer. Further deposition of NiFe‐layered double hydroxide enhanced the surface water oxidation kinetics, delivering an improved photocurrent of 210 µA cm−2 with IPCE of 12.8% at 400 nm. The CN nanolayer also shows extended potential in PEC organic synthesis. This work experimentally reveals the PEC behavior of the nanometer‐thick CN layer, providing new insights into CN in the application of energy and environment‐related fields.
Carbon Nanotube Network Induces Porous Deposited MnO2 for High‐Areal Capacity Zn/Mn Batteries
Authors: Liu Yun , Xie Congxin , Li Xianfeng
Published: April 2024

Mn2+/MnO2 aqueous battery is a promising candidate for large‐scale energy storage owing to its feature of low‐cost and abundant crustal reserves. However, the inherent MnO2 shedding issue results in a limited areal capacity and poor cycling life, which prohibits its further commercialization. In this manuscript, it is revealed that the cause of shedding is the cracking of MnO2 layer due to stress. To circumvent this challenge, carbon nanotubes framework is introduced on pristine carbon felt, which provides more deposition sites and induces the formation of a porous deposition layer. Compared to the dense deposition layer on pristine carbon felt, the porous structure can effectively avoid cracking and subsequent shedding issue. Moreover, the porous deposited layer is conducive to proton diffusion and rich in defects, which facilitates the subsequent dissolution reaction. As results, the assembled Zn/Mn battery demonstrates more than 200 cycles with the areal capacity of 15 mAh cm−2 at 40 mA cm−2. Even with a high areal capacity of 40 mAh cm−2, it can still run for more than 60 cycles. This breakthrough paves a way toward practical manganese‐based batteries, bringing us closer to achieve cost‐effective batteries.
Plasma‐Driven Selenization for Electrical Property Enhancement in Janus 2D Materials
Authors: He Shih‐Ming , Zhuang Jia‐Yung , Chen Ciao‐Fen , Liao Ren‐Kuei , Lo Shun‐Tsung , Lin Yen‐Fu , Su Ching‐Yuan
Published: April 2024

The recent emergence of Janus 2D materials like SnSSe, derived from SnS2, reveals unique electrical and optical features, such as asymmetrical electronic structure, enhanced carrier mobility, and tunable bandgap. Previous theoretical studies have discuss the electronic properties of Janus SnSSe, but experimental evidence is limited. This study presents a two‐step method for synthesizing Janus SnSSe, involving hydrogen plasma treatment and in situ selenization. Optimized conditions (38 W, 1.5 min, 250 °C) are determined using Raman spectroscopy and AFM analysis. XPS confirmed SnSSe's elemental composition, while KPFM reveals a significant reduction in the work function (from 5.26 down to 5.14 eV) for the first time, indicating asymmetrically induced n‐type doping. Finally, field‐effect transistors (FETs) derived from SnSSe exhibited significantly enhanced mobility and on‐current, as well as n‐type doping, compared to SnS2‐based FETs. These findings lay a crucial foundation for developing high‐performance 2D electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Ensemble random forest and deep convolutional neural networks in detecting and classifying the multiple intrusions from near real‐time cloud datasets
Authors: Khan Minhaj , Haroon Mohd.
Published: April 2024

Due to rapidly growing Internet facilities, intruders can steal and misuse the data saved and stored digitally. In this case, securing digital data is challenging but prominent for various purposes. However, the traditional techniques are insufficient to secure these computer networks and cloud information with a 100% success rate. Recently, machine‐ or deep‐learning‐enabled methods have been used to secure network information, but with some limits. Therefore, the study emphasizes detecting and classifying network intrusion using the proposed ensemble and deep learning models. In this case, we developed the ensemble learning‐enabled random forest algorithm and deep learning‐enabled deep convolutional neural network (CNN) models for securing near real‐time cloud information and designed the intrusion detection system accordingly. The complex and high‐volume CSE‐CICIDS2018 datasets were used to test the developed model in Python programming language implemented with several Python libraries. The outcome of the proposed models indicates that the developed models are promising in securing the cloud information with 97.73% and 99.91% accuracies via ensemble‐random forest and deep CNN models. Thus, the present study models can be applied to other real‐time datasets and computer networks to detect cyber threats effectively.
Industrial Big Data‐Driven Modeling and Prediction for Hot‐Rolled Strip Crown with Multigrade and Multispecification Data
Authors: Xu Dewei , Ding Chengyan , Liu Yu , Sun Jie , Peng Wen , Zhang Dianhua
Published: April 2024

In the field of hot rolling big data, the presence of different steel types, specifications, and data heterogeneity poses significant challenges to the accuracy and stability of using single machine learning regression technology for prediction. Therefore, this study proposes a hot‐rolled strip crown prediction method that combines data clustering and fusion modeling. First, this article introduces a relevant mechanism for designing cluster strategies. The optimal clustering strategy is determined through comparative experiments using rolling process parameters, strip size, and main material components as the clustering features. Subsequently, the K‐Means++ algorithm is used to effectively cluster the training and testing datasets based on this strategy, generating multiple clusters for both datasets. Finally, this study establishes seven different training models to match the most suitable regression prediction model for each cluster, and matching between each cluster and the model is determined through rigorous testing. The evaluation of the fusion model shows an R2 value of 0.829 and a root mean square error value of 3.974. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms traditional methods in solving the challenges of multiclass classification and data heterogeneity, providing strong data support for the intelligent control of the hot‐rolled strip crown in the future.
Transnational Black feminism: L.O.V.E. as a practice of freedom, equity, and justice in English language teaching
Authors: Charles Quanisha
Published: April 2024

This article contributes to the TESOL paradigm by highlighting ways in which bodies of Black feminist thought, transnational feminism, and transnational Black feminism endeavors antiracist practices and support students via English language teaching (ELT). The author utilizes the Transnational Black feminist (TBF) framework—intersectionality, scholar activism, solidarity building, and attention to borders and boundaries—to guide the article. The author provides definitions forracial equityandracial justiceand explains what these terms mean in practice when adopting the TBF lens in the English language classroom. The article shows how racial equity and racial justice can be effectively incorporated with a method of L.O.V.E. (Lifting others, Offering support, Valuing others, and Evolving self) that embodies the work of TBF.
A Successful Economy is One that Meets Basic Human Needs
Authors: Joffe Michael
Published: April 2024

The multiple problems the world now faces require a new policy approach. The priorities are to achieve better environmental outcomes, and better outcomes for people—especially those facing deprivation and/or precariousness. This book focuses on the human component, and specifically on the contribution that the economy can make. It proposes a criterion of success for the economy, and a monitoring system that corresponds to it. This would act as an objective, an incentive and a criterion of success for policymakers in government at all levels and in wider society. It would also provide specific information to inform public debate and to guide policy decisions.

The proposed criterion of success is that the economy should, as far as possible, meet the basic needs of all residents. There is wide agreement on what items qualify as basic needs. Meeting them would minimise distress and promote aspiration and social participation. This aim is widely supported across the political spectrum. It underlies the UN Sustainable Development Goals and other international agreements, and its wide support is backed by survey evidence. This value system is grounded in respect for the dignity of all, which in turn promotes inclusion and social justice, and facilitates agency and aspiration.

The monitoring system would comprise the outcomes of the economy that are relevant to people’s basic needs. It would aim to steer the economy towards satisfying them, thereby promoting good health and positive psychological/social functioning. This would represent a shift to pursuing ends, the meeting of human needs, rather than means, the quantity of economic output (GDP). Monitoring these economic outcomes is straightforward, most measures are already available in some form, and they are acceptable and affordable.

This book proposes that a list should be agreed of the most important economic outcomes that meet people’s basic needs, and a corresponding monitoring system should be introduced. This would be presented as a dashboard in a standardised format, providing informative material for public debate and a practical agenda for remedial action. In addition, the items would be aggregated to create an Index of Economic Outcomes (the IEO), as an overall score. This would replace GDP as a measure of economic success; GDP would be retained for the purpose of informing economic policy, for which it is well suited. The aggregation principle would be based on the quantitative contribution of each item to health and subjective wellbeing.

The overall monitoring system would promote environmental as well as human wellbeing. It would enable the environmental cost of meeting human needs to be calculated—the sustainability ratio, a measure of sustainable development. More generally, I propose a clear structure for monitoring the economic system as a whole, comprising assets of various kinds, output (GDP), outcomes, and impact (health and subjective wellbeing).