bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Small molecule T63 suppresses osteoporosis by modulating osteoblast differentiation via BMP and WNT signaling pathways
Authors: Zhao Xiao-li , Chen Jin-jing , Zhang Guo-ning , Wang Yu-cheng , Si Shu-yi , Chen Lin-Feng , Wang Zhen
Published: August 2017

Osteoporosis results from the imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation, and restoring the normal balance of bone remodeling is highly desirable for identification of better treatment. In this study, using a cell-based high-throughput screening model representing Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) transcriptional activity, we identified a novel small-molecular-weight compound, T63, as an efficient up-regulator of osteogenesis. T63 increased the alkaline phosphatase (ALPL) activity and mineralization as well as gene expression of Alpl and other osteogenic marker genes in mouse osteoblasts and mesenchymal stem cell-like cells. Upon induction of osteoblast differentiation, T63 inhibited adipogenic differentiation in the pluripotent mesenchymal cells. Consistently, T63 up-regulated RUNX2 mRNA and protein levels, and knockdown of RUNX2 reduced the osteogenic role of T63. Mechanistically, T63 activated both BMPs and WNT/β-catenin signaling pathways. Inhibition of either signaling pathway with specific inhibitor suppressed T63-induced RUNX2 expression and the osteogenic phenotypes. Moreover, T63 markedly protected against bone mass loss in the ovariectomized and dexamethasone treated rat osteoporosis model. Collectively, our data demonstrate that T63 could be a promising drug candidate and deserves further development for potential therapeutics in osteoporosis.
Light rare earth element depletion during Deepwater Horizon blowout methanotrophy
Authors: Shiller A. M. , Chan E. W. , Joung D. J. , Redmond M. C. , Kessler J. D.
Published: August 2017

Rare earth elements have generally not been thought to have a biological role. However, recent work has demonstrated that the light REEs (LREEs: La, Ce, Pr, and Nd) are essential for at least some methanotrophs, being co-factors in the XoxF type of methanol dehydrogenase (MDH). We show here that dissolved LREEs were significantly removed in a submerged plume of methane-rich water during the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) well blowout. Furthermore, incubation experiments conducted with naturally methane-enriched waters from hydrocarbon seeps in the vicinity of the DWH wellhead also showed LREE removal concurrent with methane consumption. Metagenomic sequencing of incubation samples revealed that LREE-containing MDHs were present. Our field and laboratory observations provide further insight into the biochemical pathways of methanotrophy during the DWH blowout. Additionally, our results are the first observations of direct biological alteration of REE distributions in oceanic systems. In view of the ubiquity of LREE-containing MDHs in oceanic systems, our results suggest that biological uptake of LREEs is an overlooked aspect of the oceanic geochemistry of this group of elements previously thought to be biologically inactive and an unresolved factor in the flux of methane, a potent greenhouse gas, from the ocean.
Motion correction in optoacoustic mesoscopy
Authors: Schwarz Mathias , Garzorz-Stark Natalie , Eyerich Kilian , Aguirre Juan , Ntziachristos Vasilis
Published: August 2017

Raster-scan optoacoustic mesoscopy (RSOM), also termed photoacoustic mesoscopy, offers novel insights into vascular morphology and pathophysiological biomarkers of skin inflammation in vivo at depths unattainable by other optical imaging methods. Using ultra-wideband detection and focused ultrasound transducers, RSOM can achieve axial resolution of 4 micron and lateral resolution of 20 micron to depths of several millimeters. However, motion effects may deteriorate performance and reduce the effective resolution. To provide high-quality optoacoustic images in clinical measurements, we developed a motion correction algorithm for RSOM. The algorithm is based on observing disruptions of the ultrasound wave front generated by the vertical movement of the melanin layer at the skin surface. From the disrupted skin surface, a smooth synthetic surface is generated, and the offset between the two surfaces is used to correct for the relative position of the ultrasound detector. We test the algorithm in measurements of healthy and psoriatic human skin and achieve effective resolution up to 5-fold higher than before correction. We discuss the performance of the correction algorithm and its implications in the context of multispectral mesoscopy.
Triple-negative breast cancer targeting and killing by EpCAM-directed, plasmonically active nanodrug systems
Authors: Jenkins Samir V. , Nima Zeid A. , Vang Kieng B. , Kannarpady Ganesh , Nedosekin Dmitry A. , Zharov Vladimir P. , Griffin Robert J. , Biris Alexandru S. , Dings Ruud P. M.
Published: August 2017

An ongoing need for new cancer therapeutics exists, especially ones that specifically home and target triple-negative breast cancer. Because triple-negative breast cancer express low or are devoid of estrogen, progesterone, or Her2/Neu receptors, another target must be used for advanced drug delivery strategies. Here, we engineered a nanodrug delivery system consisting of silver-coated gold nanorods (AuNR/Ag) targeting epithelial cell adhesion/activating molecule (EpCAM) and loaded with doxorubicin. This nanodrug system, AuNR/Ag/Dox-EpCAM, was found to specifically target EpCAM-expressing tumors compared to low EpCAM-expressing tumors. Namely, the nanodrug had an effective dose (ED50) of 3 μM in inhibiting 4T1 cell viability and an ED50 of 110 μM for MDA-MD-231 cells. Flow cytometry data indicated that 4T1 cells, on average, express two orders of magnitude more EpCAM than MDA-MD-231 cells, which correlates with our ED50 findings. Moreover, due to the silver coating, the AuNR/Ag can be detected simultaneously by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and photoacoustic microscopy. Analysis by these imaging detection techniques as well as by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry showed that the targeted nanodrug system was taken up by EpCAM-expressing cells and tumors at significantly higher rates than untargeted nanoparticles (p < 0.05). Thus, this approach establishes a plasmonically active nanodrug theranostic for triple-negative breast cancer and, potentially, a delivery platform with improved multimodal imaging capability for other clinically relevant chemotherapeutics with dose-limiting toxicities, such as platinum-based or taxane-based therapies.
Erratum: Protective molecular passivation of black phosphorus
Authors: Artel Vlada , Guo Qiushi , Cohen Hagai , Gasper Raymond , Ramasubramaniam Ashwin , Xia Fengnian , Naveh Doron
Published: August 2017

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML version of this article.
Distinct transcriptional responses of lymphatic endothelial cells to VEGFR-3 and VEGFR-2 stimulation
Authors: Dieterich Lothar C. , Ducoli Luca , Shin Jay W. , Detmar Michael
Published: August 2017

Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and their receptors play crucial roles in the formation of blood and lymphatic vessels during embryogenesis, and also under pathologic conditions in the adult. Despite intensive efforts over the last decades to elucidate the precise functions of VEGFs, transcriptional responses to VEGF receptor stimulation are still not fully characterized. To investigate the specific transcriptional effects of VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 activation, we performed a correlation analysis of previously published CAGE sequencing and microarray data of human lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) stimulated with distinct VEGFs acting through either VEGFR-2 or VEGFR-3. We identified that specific activation of VEGFR-3 by VEGF-C156S results in the downregulation of many genes involved in immune regulation and inflammation, suggesting that VEGFR-3 stimulation has direct anti-inflammatory effects. Comparing CAGE and microarray data sets, we furthermore identified a small number of genes that showed a receptor-dependent response in LECs, demonstrating that these receptors, despite activating very similar signaling pathways, fulfill overlapping but not identical functions within the same cell type (LECs).
The FANTOM5 collection, a data series underpinning mammalian transcriptome atlases in diverse cell types
Authors: Kawaji Hideya , Kasukawa Takeya , Forrest Alistair , Carninci Piero , Hayashizaki Yoshihide
Published: August 2017

The latest project from the FANTOM consortium, an international collaborative effort initiated by RIKEN, generated atlases of transcriptomes, in particular promoters, transcribed enhancers, and long-noncoding RNAs, across a diverse set of mammalian cell types. Here, we introduce the FANTOM5 collection, bringing together data descriptors, articles and analyses of FANTOM5 data published across the Nature Research journals. Associated data are openly available for reuse by all.
A comparison of the solvation structure and dynamics of the lithium ion in linear organic carbonates with different alkyl chain lengths
Authors: Fulfer K. D. , Kuroda D. G.
Published: August 2017

The structure and dynamics of electrolytes composed of lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) in dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, and diethyl carbonate were investigated using a combination of linear and two-dimensional infrared spectroscopies.
The hepatoprotective effect of the probiotic Clostridium butyricum against carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver damage in mice
Authors: Liu Jiaming , Fu Yaoyang , Zhang Hao , Wang Jindan , Zhu Jing , Wang Yaqi , Guo Yuegui , Wang Guocan , Xu Tianqi , Chu Maoping , Wang Fangyan
Published: August 2017

Previous studies have revealed that the probioticClostridium butyricum(C. butyricum) can attenuate cirrhosis in chronic non-alcoholic liver disease.
Enhanced electrochemical properties of a natural graphite anode using a promising crosslinked ionomer binder in Li-ion batteries
Authors: Huang Shu , Ren Jianguo , Liu Rong , Yue Min , Huang Youyuan , Yuan Guohui
Published: August 2017

A crosslinked ionomer binder was prepared and used in graphite anodes for Li-ion batteries. These binder-based anodes exhibit enhanced electrochemical performance due to the formation of hydrogen bonds and the release of conductive Li+.
Imprinting of Stöber particles for chirally-resolved adsorption of target monosaccharides and disaccharides
Authors: Joshi Suvid , Lehmler Hans-Joachim , Knutson Barbara L. , Rankin Stephen E.
Published: August 2017

Soft imprinting of silica particles using sugar surfactants targets chirally resolved binding of saccharides.
Platinum tripods as nanometric frequency multiplexing devices
Authors: Camargo Bruno Cury , Lassagne Benjamin , Arenal Raul , Gatel Christophe , Blon Thomas , Viau Guillaume , Lacroix Lise-Marie , Escoffier Walter
Published: August 2017

Electrical and structural characterization studies of nano-particles are very important steps to determine their potential applications in microelectronics.
Growth and assembly of cobalt oxide nanoparticle rings at liquid nanodroplets with solid junction
Authors: Zhou Yilong , Powers Alexander S. , Zhang Xiaowei , Xu Tao , Bustillo Karen , Sun Litao , Zheng Haimei
Published: August 2017

Using liquid cell TEM, we imaged the formation of CoO nanoparticle rings.
Transition metal mediated carbonylative benzannulations
Authors: Song Wangze , Blaszczyk Stephanie A. , Liu Jitian , Wang Shuojin , Tang Weiping
Published: August 2017

This review summarizes novel building blocks recently developed for transition metal-catalyzed carbonylative benzannulations.
Reinforced poly(hydroxyurethane) thermosets as high performance adhesives for aluminum substrates
Authors: Panchireddy S. , Thomassin J.-M. , Grignard B. , Damblon C. , Tatton A. , Jerome C. , Detrembleur C.
Published: August 2017

High performance adhesives for bare aluminum are prepared by reinforcing poly(hydroxyurethane) (PHU) thermosets with (functional) nanofillers and poly(dimethylsiloxane).
Ratiometric imaging of lysosomal hypochlorous acid enabled by FRET-based polymer dots
Authors: Wang Hong , Zhang Peisheng , Hong Yongxiang , Zhao Bin , Yi Pinggui , Chen Jian
Published: August 2017

FRET-based fluorescent polymer dots (FPD) with good membrane permeability have been developed for ratiometric imaging of lysosomal HClO in living cells.
Late transition metal catalyzed α-olefin polymerization and copolymerization with polar monomers
Authors: Guo Lihua , Liu Wenjing , Chen Changle
Published: August 2017

Recent developments on late transition metal catalyzed α-olefin polymerization and copolymerization with polar comonomers are reviewed.
SERS as a probe for the charge-transfer process in a coupled semiconductor nanoparticle system TiO2/MBA/PbS
Authors: Zhang Xiaolei , Guo Lin , Li Peng , Zhao Bing , Cui Bo
Published: August 2017

The TiO2/MBA/PbS bi-semiconductor system is explored as a model to study the charge transfer process with SERS for the first time.
TiO2 nanoparticle/nanofiber–ZnO photoanode for the enhancement of the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Yang Man , Dong Binghai , Yang Xiaojie , Xiang Wankun , Ye Ziqing , Wang Erjing , Wan Li , Zhao Li , Wang Shimin
Published: August 2017

The overall objective of this research was the preparation of optical nanocomposite photoanodes through a simple method.
Theoretical investigations on the phase transition of pure and Li-doped AlH3
Authors: Mei Zheng , Zhao Feng-Qi , Xu Si-Yu , Ju Xue-Hai
Published: August 2017

The calculated Gibbs free energy change and enthalpy change for the γ → α phase transition and heat capacity indicate that the aluminum hydride synthesized in experiments is Li-doped.
Production of carbonaceous microspheres from wood sawdust by a novel hydrothermal carbonization and extraction method
Authors: Zheng Qingxin , Morimoto Masato , Takanohashi Toshimasa
Published: August 2017

High-quality carbonaceous microspheres were produced directly from wood sawdust by a novel hydrothermal method, combining hydrothermal carbonization and hydrothermal extraction.
Nickel tungstate–graphene nanocomposite for simultaneous electrochemical detection of heavy metal ions with application to complex aqueous media
Authors: Kumar Rudra , Bhuvana Thiruvelu , Sharma Ashutosh
Published: August 2017

We show for the first time, a composite of carbon and binary transition metal oxide, in the form of reduced graphene oxide and nickel tungstate (RGO/NiWO4) nanocomposite, is an effective material for electrochemical detection of heavy metal ions.
A superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic chitosan–TiO2 composite membrane for fast oil-in-water emulsion separation
Authors: Du Yanqing , Li Yujiang , Wu Tao
Published: August 2017

The CST modified membrane showed an excellent flux and can maintain underwater superoleophobicity in corrosive aqueous media.
Perovskite La2(NiCu)O4 catalyst precursors for dry reforming of methane: effects of Cu-substitution on carbon resistance
Authors: Wang Meng , Zhao Tingting , Li Ming , Wang Haiqian
Published: August 2017

A high-performance DRM catalyst with remarkably improved carbon resistance was obtained through the incorporation of Cu into La2NiO4.
Pyrolysis gas as a carbon source for biogas production via anaerobic digestion
Authors: Li Yeqing , Su Dongfang , Luo Sen , Jiang Hao , Qian Mingyu , Zhou Hongjun , Street Jason , Luo Yan , Xu Quan
Published: August 2017

Different biomass was pyrolyzed to pyrolysis gas, which was converted to CH4 by bio-fermentation. SPG was bioupgraded to high quality biogas by the addition of H2.
A new reaction route for the synthesis of 2-methyl-5-ethylpyridine
Authors: Moioli Emanuele , Schmid Leo , Wasserscheid Peter , Freund Hannsjörg
Published: August 2017

In this work, a novel synthesis route to produce 2-methyl-5-ethylpyridine (MEP) from the cyclic acetaldehyde ammonia trimer (AAT) is explored.
Towards a sustainable electrochemical activation for recycling CO2: synthesis of bis-O-alkylcarbamates from aliphatic and benzyl diamines
Authors: Forte Gianpiero , Chiarotto Isabella , Richter Frank , Trieu Vinh , Feroci Marta
Published: August 2017

Optimized conditions for carbamate synthesis with activated CO2 are potentially applicable to sustainable large scale manufacturing of key polymeric resin precursors.
Enantioselective Nazarov cyclization of indole enones cooperatively catalyzed by Lewis acids and chiral Brønsted acids
Authors: Wang Guo-Peng , Chen Meng-Qing , Zhu Shou-Fei , Zhou Qi-Lin
Published: August 2017

The first enantioselective Nazarov cyclization of substrates with only one coordinating site and with proton-transfer as an enantioselective-determining step was realized by means of cooperative catalysis with a Lewis acid and a chiral Brønsted acid.
Multifunctional (3-in-1) cancer theranostics applications of hydroxyquinoline-appended polyfluorene nanoparticles
Authors: Chowdhury Sayan Roy , Mukherjee Sudip , Das Sourav , Patra Chitta Ranjan , Iyer Parameswar Krishnan
Published: August 2017

A biocompatible fluorescent hydroxyquinoline-affixed polyfluorene (PF-HQ) nanoparticle-based drug delivery system (DDS: PF-HQ–DOX) is utilized for cancer cell imaging, transport and delivery of the FDA-approved drug doxorubicin (DOX), and theranostics applications.
All-metal aromatic cationic palladium triangles can mimic aromatic donor ligands with Lewis acidic cations
Authors: Wang Yanlan , Monfredini Anna , Deyris Pierre-Alexandre , Blanchard Florent , Derat Etienne , Maestri Giovanni , Malacria Max
Published: August 2017

Replacing aromatic donor ligands with cationic Pd3+complexes.
High energy Li-ion capacitors using two-dimensional TiSe0.6S1.4 as insertion host
Authors: Chaturvedi Apoorva , Hu Peng , Kloc Christian , Lee Yun-Sung , Aravindan Vanchiappan , Madhavi Srinivasan
Published: August 2017

A remarkable improvement in energy density was found using Se-substituted two-dimensional TiS2 (TiSe0.6S1.4) as the insertion matrix in a Li-ion capacitor (LIC) assembly with activated carbon (AC) as the counter electrode.
Thermodynamics of paired charge-compensating doped ceria with superior redox performance for solar thermochemical splitting of H2O and CO2
Authors: Hoes Marie , Muhich Christopher L. , Jacot Roger , Patzke Greta R. , Steinfeld Aldo
Published: August 2017

Paired charge-compensating doped ceria has great potential for solar thermochemical splitting of H2O and CO2 because of its balanced reduction and oxidation properties.
A three-dimensional hierarchically porous Mo2C architecture: salt-template synthesis of a robust electrocatalyst and anode material towards the hydrogen evolution reaction and lithium storage
Authors: Meng Tao , Zheng Lirong , Qin Jinwen , Zhao Di , Cao Minhua
Published: August 2017

3DHP-Mo2C synthesized by a salt-template method can be used as a multifunctional material for the hydrogen evolution reaction and lithium storage.
Cu2−xGeS3: a new hole transporting material for stable and efficient perovskite solar cells
Authors: Jin Xin , Lei Xunyong , Wu Chunyan , Jiang Guoshun , Liu Weifeng , Zeng Hualing , Chen Tao , Zhu Changfei
Published: August 2017

An alternative hole transporting material Cu2−xGeS3 is developed for perovskite solar cells, which can improve both efficiency and device stability.
Kinetically controlled synthesis of AuPt bi-metallic aerogels and their enhanced electrocatalytic performances
Authors: Shi Qiurong , Zhu Chengzhou , Du Dan , Bi Cuixia , Xia Haibing , Feng Shuo , Engelhard Mark H. , Lin Yuehe
Published: August 2017

Kinetically controlled synthesis of AuPtx bi-metallic hydrogels/aerogels was efficiently achieved for the first time via tuning the reaction temperature or adding a surfactant.
Boosting the energy efficiency and power performance of neutral aqueous organic redox flow batteries
Authors: Hu Bo , Seefeldt Christopher , DeBruler Camden , Liu T. Leo
Published: August 2017

A neutral aqueous organic redox flow battery demonstrated an unprecedented 79% energy efficiency at 60 mA cm−2 and 122.7 mW cm−2 power density.
Compact high volumetric and areal capacity lithium sulfur batteries through rock salt induced nano-architectured sulfur hosts
Authors: Li Matthew , Zhang Yining , Hassan Fathy , Ahn Wook , Wang Xiaolei , Liu Wen Wen , Jiang Gaopeng , Chen Zhongwei
Published: August 2017

Polymodally distributed porous carbon allowed for the highest blade cast volumetric capacity for high areal capacity lithium sulfur batteries.
Significant field emission enhancement in ultrathin nano-thorn covered NiO nano-petals
Authors: Mishra Suryakant , Yogi Priyanka , Saxena Shailendra K. , Jayabalan J. , Behera Prakash , Sagdeo P. R. , Kumar Rajesh
Published: August 2017

A power efficient and stable field emission (FE) has been reported here from ultrathin nanothorn covered nickel oxide (NiO) nanopetals (NPs) fabricated using a simple hydrothermal technique.
Photo-switchable field-effect transistors based on two-dimensional stilbene oligomer crystals
Authors: Cao Min , Cai Zhi , Chen Xiaosong , Yi Kongyang , Wei Dacheng
Published: August 2017

Large-size two-dimensional photochromic semiconductor single crystals of stilbene oligomers are prepared for application in photo-switchable organic field-effect transistors.
Solution processable red iridium dendrimers containing oligocarbazole dendrons for efficient nondoped and doped phosphorescent OLEDs
Authors: Zhao Lei , Wang Shumeng , Lü Jianhong , Ding Junqiao , Wang Lixiang
Published: August 2017

Solution processable red Ir dendrimers have been demonstrated to give state-of-art current efficiencies as high as 9.2 and 25.7 cd A−1for nondoped and doped PhOLEDs, respectively, which can compete well with vacuum-deposited small molecular phosphors.
Sensitivity of the s-process nucleosynthesis in AGB stars to the overshoot model
Authors: Goriely S. , Siess L.
Published: August 2017

Context. S-process elements are observed at the surface of low- and intermediate-mass stars. These observations can be explained empirically by the so-called partial mixing of protons scenario leading to the incomplete operation of the CN cycle and a significant primary production of the [see formula in PDF] neutron source. This scenario has been successful in qualitatively explaining the s-process enrichment in AGB stars. Even so, it remains difficult to describe both physically and numerically the mixing mechanisms taking place at the time of the third dredged-up between the convective envelope and the underlying C-rich radiative layer

Aims. We aim to present new calculations of the s-process nucleosynthesis in AGB stars testing two different numerical implementations of chemical transport. These are based on a diffusion equation which depends on the second derivative of the composition and on a numerical algorithm where the transport of species depends linearly on the chemical gradient.

Methods. The s-process nucleosynthesis resulting from these different mixing schemes is calculated with our stellar evolution code STAREVOL which has been upgraded to include an extended s-process network of 411 nuclei. Our investigation focuses on a fiducial 2 M⊙, [Fe/H] = −0.5 model star, but also includes four additional stars of different masses and metallicities.

Results. We show that for the same set of parameters, the linear mixing approach produces a much larger 13C-pocket and consequently a substantially higher surface s-process enrichment compared to the diffusive prescription. Within the diffusive model, a quite extreme choice of parameters is required to account for surface s-process enrichment of 1–2 dex. These extreme conditions can not, however, be excluded at this stage.

Conclusions. Both the diffusive and linear prescriptions of the overshoot mixing are suited to describe the s-process nucleosynthesis in AGB stars provided the profile of the diffusion coefficient below the convective envelope is carefully chosen. Both schemes give rise to relatively similar distributions of s-process elements, but depending on the parameters adopted, some differences may be obtained. These differences are in the element distribution, and most of all in the level of surface enrichment.
Bootstrapping periodically autoregressive models
Authors: Ciołek Gabriela , Potorski Paweł
Published: August 2017

The main objective of this paper is to establish the residual and the wild bootstrap procedures for periodically autoregressive models. We use the least squares estimators of model’s parameters and generate their bootstrap equivalents. We prove that the bootstrap procedures for causal periodic autoregressive time series with finite fourth moments are weakly consistent. Finally, we confirm our theoretical considerations by simulations.
The Synthesis of Single Enantiomers of α-Mycolic Acids of Mycobacterium­ tuberculosis and Related Organisms, with Alternative­ Cyclopropane Stereochemistries
Authors: Don Lawson Chioma , Maza-Iglesias Max , Sirhan Muthana , Al Dulayymi Jumaa , Baird Mark
Published: August 2017

We report the synthesis of three stereoisomers of a mycolic acid from Mycobacterium tuberculosis containing a di-cis-cyclopropane and of two stereoisomers of a mycolic acid containing a proximal trans-cyclopropane and a distal cis-cyclopropane.
Häufigkeit und Zeitpunkt von Entscheidungen gegen intensivmedizinische Maßnahmen und tumorspezifische Therapien in einer universitären Hämatologie und Onkologie
Authors: Mehlis Katja , Becker Christina , Christ Carola , Laryionava Katsiaryna , Hiddemann Wolfgang , Heußner Pia , Winkler Eva
Published: August 2017

Hintergrund und Fragestellung Entscheidungen zur Therapiebegrenzung (TBE) sind wichtig, um Übertherapie am Lebensende zu verhindern. Sie werden jedoch nicht immer vorher mit dem Patienten besprochen oder ausreichend dokumentiert. Im Rahmen einer Studie zur Verbesserung von TBE bei Patienten mit fortgeschrittener hämatologischer/onkologischer Erkrankung wurde untersucht, wie häufig TBE einem Todesfall vorausgehen und wie frühzeitig diese festgelegt werden.

Methodik In die Querschnittsstudie wurden 567 stationäre Patienten mit fortgeschrittenen hämatologischen/ onkologischen Neoplasien an der Medizinischen Klinik und Poliklinik III am LMU-Klinikum München eingeschlossen. Mithilfe eines standardisierten Erfassungsbogens wurde dokumentiert, ob und welche Entscheidungen zur Therapiebegrenzung festgelegt waren und bis zum Tod umgesetzt wurden.

Ergebnisse Bei 26 % (n = 147) der 567 Patienten wurde eine TBE festgelegt. Meist waren diese TBE von Beginn an schriftlich dokumentiert (90 %; n = 132), 20 % (n = 30) wurden im Verlauf geändert. Der Anteil der Verstorbenen mit TBE betrug 82 % (n = 62 von 76 Verstorbenen). Die Erstfestlegung einer TBE erfolgte auf Normalstation im Median 6 Tage vor dem Tod der Patienten, auf der Palliativstation im Median 10,5 Tage vor dem Tod. Im Vergleich zu den hämatologischen Patienten wurde bei jenen mit onkologischen Erkrankungen häufiger eine TBE festgelegt (64 vs. 36 %) und die Entscheidung wurde etwas früher getroffen (7 vs. 5 Tage vor dem Tod).

Folgerung Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass TBE heute dem Tod vieler hämatologisch-onkologischer Patienten vorausgehen, jedoch in der Regel erst in der letzten Lebenswoche erfolgen. Dies birgt die Gefahr, dass die Zeit bis zum Tod für Gespräche mit allen Beteiligten nicht ausreicht. Diese Ergebnisse sind in eine Ethikleitlinie zur Therapiebegrenzung für stationäre Patienten mit einer fortgeschrittenen hämatologischen/ onkologischen Erkrankung eingeflossen, die eine vorausschauende Behandlungsplanung unterstützen soll.
Chronische Nierenerkrankungen – was der Praktiker wissen sollte
Authors: Dabers Thomas , Weckmann Gesine , Chenot Jean-Francois , Stracke Sylvia
Published: August 2017

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects between 3 and 17 % of the population in Europe, especially elderly persons. CKD is a clinical syndrome which may develop in patients with e. g. diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension or autoimmune diseases. A poorer renal function – especially in old age – is to be considered irrespective of the medication. Many antibiotics and painkillers require dose adjustments. Therapy should be done in a manner which is suitable for indication. Polypharmacy should be avoided as far as possible. Diuretics and RAAS inhibitors are useful drugs in therapy of CKD. Changes of lifestyle are important, so as weight reduction, restriction of salt and fructose, sufficient drinking, strict control of blood glucose, blood pressure and hypercholesterolaemia. Additional acute lesions have to be avoided ("acute-on-chronic renal failure").
Neugeborenen-Hörscreening, Tracking und hörgerichtete Frühförderung
Authors: Loderstedt Marja , Vorwerk Wilma , Arens Christoph , Vorwerk Ulrich
Published: August 2017

Ohne Hören sind Sprache und damit menschliche Kommunikation nicht möglich. Zu spät erkannte angeborene Hörstörungen können zu tiefgreifenden
Entwicklungsstörungen führen. Die hohe Prävalenz steigt weiter, wenn Risikofaktoren hinzutreten. Ein Screening ist unerlässlich, führt
alleine aber nicht zum Erfolg. Wird die Diagnose bestätigt, müssen die Kinder individuell gefördert und ihre Familien sozialpädagogisch,
ggf. psychologisch betreut werden.
Krebs und Ernährung – ein Paradigmenwechsel
Authors: Imoberdorf R. , Rühlin M. , Ballmer P. E.
Published: August 2017

Deutliche internationale Unterschiede in der Häufigkeit von Krebs haben zu der Vermutung geführt, dass die Ernährung ein wichtiger
Risikofaktor für die Entstehung von Krebs sein könnte. Experten sind der Meinung, dass die Ernährung in 30–35 % mitverantwortlich für die
Entstehung von bösartigen Tumoren ist. Bereits vor Tumordiagnose haben viele Patienten Gewicht verloren als Folge einer Unter- oder
Mangelernährung. Häufig verschlechtert sich der Ernährungszustand während der Erkrankung weiter. Als Folge der Tumorerkrankung sowie
therapiebedingt führen Appetitlosigkeit, Geschmacksveränderungen, Übelkeit, Erbrechen zusätzlich zu Mangel- und Unterernährung. Die
Mangelernährung hat einen erheblichen Einfluss auf die Prognose der Erkrankung und auch auf die Verträglichkeit der Therapie. Deshalb ist
die Unterstützung der stark beeinträchtigten Patienten bei der Nahrungsaufnahme eine wichtige und vordringliche ärztliche und pflegerische
Tätigkeit. Die physiologischen, pathophysiologischen, genetischen und molekularbiologischen Stoffwechselprozesse bei Krebs sind hochkomplex
reguliert, deuten in ihrer Gesamtheit darauf hin, dass eine fett- und eiweißbasierte Ernährung favorisiert werden sollte, was einem
Paradigmenwechsel zur sog. gesunden, ausgewogenen Ernährung mit viel Früchten, Gemüse und komplexen Kohlenhydraten entspricht. Die
evidenzbasierte Datenlage wird aber durchaus kontrovers diskutiert.
Die chronische Wunde und das lymphologische Therapiekonzept
Authors: Cornelsen H.
Published: August 2017

Die manuelle Lymphdrainage und die Kompressionstherapie sind heute, in der Behandlung von Lymphödemen, die nebenwirkungsfreie Therapiemöglichkeit der ersten Wahl. Auch das Wissen über die Anatomie, Physiologie und Pathophysiologie des Lymphgefäßsystems nimmt in der Behandlung chronischer Wunden einen immer größeren Platz ein.

Die Wirkungsmechanismen der manuellen Lymphdrainage und der lymphologischen Kompressionstherapie sind 1: Erhöhung der Lymphangiomotorik, Abtransport lymphpflichtiger Eiweißlast, Entödematisierung des Lymphödemgebietes, Abbau von Bindegwebsproliferationen, Verbesserte Mikro- und Makrozirkulation.

Weiterhin sind die manuelle Lymphdrainage und die lymphologische Kompressionstherapie eine besondere Indikation in der Therapie der chronischen Wunde. Da die Mikrozirkulation durch das beschriebene Behandlungskonzept verbessert wird.

Es ist von großem Vorteil, diese bei richtiger Diagnose und Ausführung in den Therapieverlauf der Behandlung der chronischen Wunde zu integrieren. Zudem ist davon auszugehen, dass die lokale Wundtherapie durch moderne Wund-Auflagen ebenfalls von diesen Wirkungsmechanismen profitieren und die Wundheilung zusätzlich fördern kann. Die Wundtherapie unter anderem auch krankengymnastisch zu unterstützen, hat zu einem komplexen Behandlungsschema geführt, welches in der gefäßorientierten Therapie-Praxis durchgeführt wird.
Peritonealdialyse
Authors: Haag-Weber Marianne
Published: August 2017

Obwohl bei der Peritonealdialyse (PD) in den letzten 30 Jahren größere Fortschritte als bei der Hämodialyse (HD) erzielt werden konnten und das Überleben an der PD mit derjenigen an der HD vergleichbar ist mit einem Trend zu einem besseren Patientenüberleben in den ersten Jahren, ist die PD immer noch unterrepräsentiert. Es gibt nur sehr wenige harte Kontraindikationen für die PD. Es bestehen aber immer noch viele Vorurteile und vermeintliche Kontraindikationen. PD ist gut möglich bei Patienten mit Voroperationen, mit Anus praeter, bei Schwangerschaft, nach Herz- und Lungentransplantation, bei Adipositas, polyzystischer Nierenerkrankung und Leberzirrhose mit Aszites. Auch eine PEG muss keine Kontraindikation für die PD sein. Sowohl bei der HD als auch bei der PD wird das Konzept der „incremental“ Dialyse diskutiert. Bei der PD konnte gezeigt werden, dass das Outcome bei einem PD-Beginn mit weniger als 4 Beutelwechseln nicht schlechter ist als die Standardtherapie. Die Lebensqualität wird dadurch auf jeden Fall verbessert und die PD für die Patienten attraktiver. Eine gefürchtete Komplikation der PD ist die EPS. Erfreulicherweise konnte ein Rückgang der Inzidenz in den letzten Jahren verzeichnet werden. Die Bestimmung von Zytokinen im Effluat hat sich bislang nicht als Frühdiagnose der EPS bewährt. Der zurzeit beste Parameter zur Früherkennung des Risikos für eine Entwicklung der EPS ist die Abnahme des freien Wassertransportes auf unter 75 ml und/oder der Abfall des Dialysatnatriums nach 6 Minuten um weniger als 5 mmol/l.
1500 Euro Preisgeld
Authors: Köhler Franka
Published: August 2017

Im Jahr 2017 werden die AfnP e. V. und die Dialyse aktuell zum elften Mal den Förderpreis Nephrologische Pflege vergeben. Das Preisgeld von 1500 Euro stiftet der Georg Thieme Verlag.
Gesunder Geist im gesunden Körper
Authors: Schikora Stephanie
Published: August 2017

Schon ein einfaches personalisiertes Heimtrainingsprogramm von niedriger Intensität, das vom Dialysepersonal gemanagt wird, kann die körperliche Funktion und die Lebensqualität von Dialysepatienten verbessern – dies ist das Ergebnis der EXCITE-Studie [1], die auf dem diesjährigen ERA-EDTA-Kongress in Madrid als Late-Breaking-Trial präsentiert wurde.
Ground state in E ⊗ e Jahn-Teller and Renner-Teller systems: Account of nonadiabaticity
Authors: Pae Kaja , Hizhnyakov V.
Published: August 2017

The ground and lower excited states of an E⊗e Jahn-Teller system with linear and quadratic vibronic coupling are considered, taking nonadiabaticity into account. Our calculations confirm a common opinion that in the case of a weak quadratic coupling, the ground state is doubly degenerate and the first excited state is nondegenerate for any linear coupling. However, with increasing quadratic coupling for weak linear coupling, the nondegenerate state becomes the ground state. The values of vibronic parameters are found at which the ground state changes.
Experimental characterization of true spontaneous emission rate of optically-pumped InGaAs/GaAs quantum-well laser structure
Authors: Yu Q.-N. , Jia Y. , Lu W. , Wang M.-Q. , Li F. , Zhang J. , Zhang X. , Ning Y.-Q. , Wu J.
Published: August 2017

In this paper, an experimental approach to acquiring true spontaneous emission rate of optically-pumped InGaAs/GaAs quantum-well laser structure is described. This method is based on a single edge-emitting laser chip with simple sample processing. The photoluminescence spectra are measured at both facets of the edge-emitting device and transformed to the spontaneous emission rate following the theory described here. The unusual double peaks appearing in the spontaneous emission rate spectra are observed for the InGaAs/GaAs quantum-well structure. The result is analyzed in terms of Indium-rich island and Model-Solid theories. The proposed method is suitable for electrically-pumped quantum-well laser structures, as well.
Supercapacitive performance of porous carbon materials derived from tree leaves
Authors: Ma Hongfang , Liu Zhibao , Wang Xiaodan , Zhang Changcun , Jiang Rongyan
Published: August 2017

In recent years, porous biomass carbon has become a new functional material used as an absorbent and an electrode material. In this study, we present an organic waste conversion achieved through a two-step process: first, fallen phoenix tree leaves were transformed into carbon microspheres via the hydrothermal method; second, a porous carbon material was prepared from these carbon microspheres through an activation process using KOH. The carbon microspheres were analyzed by using several characterization methods, including X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method. The porous carbon material exhibited excellent supercapacitive performance with specific capacitances of 367 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g and 240 F/g at a current density of 20 A/g. The capacitance retention of the material was 91.7% after 2000 charge/discharge cycles at a current density of 20 A/g.
Effect of ion beam on the characteristics of ion acoustic Gardner solitons and double layers in a multicomponent superthermal plasma
Authors: Kaur Nimardeep , Singh Kuldeep , Saini N. S.
Published: August 2017

The nonlinear propagation of ion acoustic solitary waves (IASWs) is investigated in an unmagnetized plasma composed of a positive warm ion fluid, two temperature electrons obeying kappa type distribution and penetrated by a positive ion beam. The reductive perturbation method is used to derive the nonlinear equations, namely, Korteweg-de Vries (KdV), modified KdV (mKdV), and Gardner equations. The characteristic features of both compressive and rarefactive nonlinear excitations from the solution of these equations are studied and compared in the context with the observation of the He+ beam in the polar cap region near solar maximum by the Dynamics Explorer 1 satellite. It is observed that the superthermality and density of cold electrons, number density, and temperature of the positive ion beam crucially modify the basic properties of compressive and rarefactive IASWs in the KdV and mKdV regimes. It is further analyzed that the amplitude and width of Gardner solitons are appreciably affected by different plasma parameters. The characteristics of double layers are also studied in detail below the critical density of cold electrons. The theoretical results may be useful for the observation of nonlinear excitations in laboratory and ion beam driven plasmas in the polar cap region near solar maximum and polar ionosphere as well in Saturn's magnetosphere, solar wind, pulsar magnetosphere, etc., where the population of two temperature superthermal electrons is present.
Milk-fat globule epidermal growth factor 8 (MFGE8) is expressed at the embryo– and fetal–maternal interface in equine pregnancy
Authors: Barua S. , Macedo A. , Kolb D. S. , Wynne-Edwards K. E. , Klein C.
Published: August 2017

Milk-fat globule epidermal growth factor (EGF) 8 protein (MFGE8), also known as lactadherin, promotes cell adhesion in an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-dependent modus via integrins. In the present study, the expression of MFGE8 was examined in equine endometrium during oestrus and at Days 12 and 16 after ovulation in pregnant and non-pregnant mares and in mares during the 5th month of gestation. Results demonstrated that MFGE8 is expressed at the embryo– and fetal–maternal interface in equine pregnancy. In non-pregnant endometrium its expression was upregulated by oestrogen, a finding that was confirmed using endometrial explant culture. MFGE8 was expressed at similar levels by conceptuses collected 13 and 14 days after ovulation and by allantochorion sampled during the 5th month of gestation. Pericytes of endometrial blood vessels displayed strong MFGE8 expression upon in situ hybridisation. During the 5th month of gestation, the fetal side of the allantochorionic villi in particular displayed pronounced staining upon in situ hybridisation, confirming that MFGE8 expression is not restricted to early pregnancy but persists and is present at the fetal–maternal interface. Potential roles of MFGE8 in equine pregnancy include mediating cell–cell adhesion, promotion of angiogenesis and placental transfer of fatty acids.
Spermatogenic phenotype of testis-specific protein, Y-encoded, 1 (TSPY1) dosage deficiency is independent of variations in TSPY-like 1 (TSPYL1) and TSPY-like 5 (TSPYL5): a case-control study in a Han Chinese population
Authors: Yang Xiling , Leng Xiangyou , Tu Wenling , Liu Yunqiang , Xu Jinyan , Pei Xue , Ma Yongyi , Yang Dong , Yang Yuan
Published: August 2017

Testis-specific protein, Y-encoded, 1 (TSPY1) is involved in the regulation of spermatogenic efficiency via highly variable copy dosage, with dosage deficiency of the multicopy gene conferring an increased risk of spermatogenic failure. TSPY-like 1 (TSPYL1) and TSPY-like 5 (TSPYL5), two autosomal homologous genes originating from TSPY1, share a core sequence that encodes a functional nucleosome assembly protein (NAP) domain with TSPY1. To explore the potential effects of TSPYL1 and TSPYL5 on the TSPY1-related spermatogenic phenotype, we investigated the expression of these genes in 15 healthy and nonpathological human tissues (brain, kidney, liver, pancreas, thymus, prostate, spleen, muscle, leucocytes, placenta, intestine, ovary, lung, colon and testis) and explored associations between their variations and spermatogenic failure in 1558 Han Chinese men with different spermatogenic conditions, including 304 men with TSPY1 dosage deficiency. TSPYL1 and TSPYL5 were expressed in many different tissues, including the testis. An unreported rare variant that is likely pathogenic (c.1057A>G, p.Thr353Ala) and another of uncertain significance (c.1258C>T, p.Arg420Cys) in the NAP-coding sequence of TSPYL1 were observed in three spermatogenesis-impaired patients with heterozygous status. The distribution differences in the alleles, genotypes and haplotypes of eight TSPYL1- and TSPYL5-linked common variants did not reach statistical significance in comparisons of patients with spermatogenic failure and controls with normozoospermia. No difference in sperm production was observed among men with different genotypes of the variants. Similar results were obtained in men with TSPY1 dosage deficiencies. Although the distribution of missense variants of TSPYL1 found in the present and other studies suggests that patients with spermatogenic failure may have a statistically significant greater burden of rare variations in TSPYL1 relative to normozoospermic controls, the functional evidence suggests that TSPYL1 contributes to impaired spermatogenesis. Moreover, the present study suggests that the effects of TSPYL1 and TSPYL5 on the spermatogenic phenotype of TSPY1 dosage deficiency are limited, which may be due to the stability of their function resulting from high sequence conservation.
Reduced wear damage of carbon brushes via transfer layer upon W/Cu composite
Authors: Wang Dianzheng , Yu Chenfan , Ma Jing , Liu Wei , Shen Zhijian
Published: August 2017

An ultrafine (∼100 nm) W particle-reinforced Cu matrix composite was fabricated by spark plasma sintering. The tribological properties of the fabricated W/Cu composite were tested by pin-on-disc sliding experiments and compared with those of brass alloy. The wear rate of the carbon brush when sliding against the W/Cu composite (0.102 mm 3s−1) was much lower than that with brass (4.83 mm3 s−1). Simultaneously, the W/Cu composite possessed higher conductivities and greater surface hardness than brass. The surface roughness of the W/Cu composite was found to play a critical role in improving the robustness of the tribofilm and reducing the volume loss of the carbon brush. The W/Cu composite has promising engineering applications for the long-term wear protection of self-lubricating materials.
Kmer-SSR: a fast and exhaustive SSR search algorithm
Authors: Pickett Brandon D , Miller Justin B , Ridge Perry G
Published: August 2017

Motivation

One of the main challenges with bioinformatics software is that the size and complexity of datasets necessitate trading speed for accuracy, or completeness. To combat this problem of computational complexity, a plethora of heuristic algorithms have arisen that report a ‘good enough’ solution to biological questions. However, in instances such as Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs), a ‘good enough’ solution may not accurately portray results in population genetics, phylogenetics and forensics, which require accurate SSRs to calculate intra- and inter-species interactions.

Results

We present Kmer-SSR, which finds all SSRs faster than most heuristic SSR identification algorithms in a parallelized, easy-to-use manner. The exhaustive Kmer-SSR option has 100% precision and 100% recall and accurately identifies every SSR of any specified length. To identify more biologically pertinent SSRs, we also developed several filters that allow users to easily view a subset of SSRs based on user input. Kmer-SSR, coupled with the filter options, accurately and intuitively identifies SSRs quickly and in a more user-friendly manner than any other SSR identification algorithm.

Availability and implementation

The source code is freely available on GitHub at https://github.com/ridgelab/Kmer-SSR.
Efficient Imaging: Examining the Value of Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Traumatic Adult Brachial Plexus Injuries, A Systematic Review
Authors: Chin Brian , Ramji Maleka , Farrokhyar Forough , Bain James R
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND

Traumatic brachial plexus injury (BPI) can result in debilitating sequelae of the upper extremity. Presently, therapeutic decisions are based on the mechanism of injury, serial physical examination, electromyography, nerve conduction, and imaging studies. While magnetic resonance imaging is the current imaging modality of choice for BPI, ultrasound is a promising newcomer that is inexpensive, accessible, and available at point of care.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate ultrasound as a diagnostic tool in the assessment of traumatic adult BPI through a systematic review.

METHODS

An electronic literature search was completed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases up to July 2016. Two independent reviewers completed the screening and data extraction. Methodological quality of studies was evaluated using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool. Statistical analysis was used to estimate pooled sensitivities and study heterogeneity.

RESULTS

Seven studies were included. Four studies compared the detection of pre- and postganglionic lesions at different levels (C5-T1) to surgical exploration as the reference standard. Sensitivity of lesion detection was greater in the upper and middle spinal nerves: C5 (93%, confidence interval [CI] = 78%-100%), C6 (94%, CI = 82%-100%), and C7 (95%, CI = 86%-100%) than in the lower: C8 (71%, CI = 36%-95%) and T1 (56%, CI = 29%-81%).

CONCLUSION

Individual studies demonstrate ultrasound as an effective diagnostic tool for traumatic adult BPI. Sensitivity of lesion detection was noted to be greater in the upper and middle (C5-C7) than in the lower spinal nerves (C8, T1). Further standardized studies should be performed to confirm the utility of ultrasound in the diagnosis of traumatic adult BPI.