bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regression Models for Key Economic Savanna tree Species: A Case Study of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) R. Br. ex G. Don f. in the Guinea Savanna Ecological Zone of Ghana
Authors: Abengmeneng Cosmas S. , Daayeng Thomas M.
Published: November 2023

The rising demands for Parkia biglobosa due to its numerous benefits and the lack of active conservation measures have endangered the species in most of its natural ranges. Data on its dendrometry, which is a prerequisite for its sustainable management, are limited especially in Ghana. This study, therefore, investigated the relationships between five dendrometry variables and developed models for predicting them.  The prediction models were developed using diameter at breast height and crown diameter as independent variables. Ten randomly distributed trees were sampled, and data collected and analyzed using Pearson correlation and simple linear regression. It was observed that stem diameter was positively correlated with all the other four variables measured. The correlation between stem diameter at breast height and crown diameter was 0.69.  The co-efficient of determination between stem diameter at breast height and total height, crown diameter, crown ratio and crown height had R2 values of 0.16, 0.48, 0.19 and 0.28, respectively. Crown diameter, as the second indicator variable, was also positively related with total height with correlation co-efficient of 0.97 and R2 value of 0.09. The relationship between stem diameter at breast height and crown diameter was significant with f-value of 0.03 at 95% confidence level. The results will make significant contributions to the management of trees in the study area. The study will also be morale booster for similar studies to be conducted to assist improve the models developed.
A Comprehensive Review on Pathophysiology and Alternative Therapies for Parkinsons Disease
Authors: Gangaraju M. , Sravya P. , N. V. L. Suvarchala Reddy V  , Srinija K. V. , Keerthana K.
Published: November 2023

A neurological disorder is one in which neurons in the cerebral or peripheral nerves gradually lose their ability to operate before dying. Unfortunately, there is presently no treatment for degenerative diseases, only an arrest down of the disease's progression. There are actually several symptomatic treatments available, however degenerative conditions are still incurable. There are certain advantages with western medical treatments, they are Deep brain stimulation, dopamine-producing treatments for Parkinson's disease (PD) and disorders of movement, cholinesterase inhibition for memory problems, antipsychotic medicines to combat the behavioural and mental manifestations of Alzheimer's disease, analgesic medicines for Inflammation, anti-inflammatory agents for transmission, and possibly antipsychotic drugs medications for memory impairment may be used to treat the severe and raising symptoms. Additionally, scientists have sought to discover treatments that might delay the onset of disorders, which include Analgesics (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory in nature drugs) treating dementia, Riluzole treatment fatal motor neuron disease, tremors, and Huntington's chorea. Although specialized medications may assist relieve a few of the signs. There nevertheless remain so many problems with them. Age significantly increases the individual's risk of having a condition that affects the brain. In the future decades, there may be an increase in neurodegenerative illnesses. To better understand the mechanisms behind diseases of the brain, we must come up with novel approaches to both therapy and prevention. Thus we started searching for more treatments for these diseases as a result of this, and we found some options. Such as plant medicine, physiotherapy, stem cell therapy, monoclonal antibiotics.
Writing as Language Learning
Authors: Manchón Rosa M. , Cerezo Lourdes
Published: January 2025

This entry synthesizes key theoretical and empirical work on how and why writing in an additional language (L2) can represent a site for language learning in TESOL settings. It reviews what is known about the language‐learning potential that may result from the act of writing itself (in individual and collaborative conditions, and in paper‐based and digital environments), as well as from the processing and use of the feedback provided on one's own writing. These potential learning outcomes are discussed in terms of L2 writers' engagement in language‐learning processes, and the expansion and consolidation of L2 knowledge. The implications that these findings may have for pedagogical decision making are presented.
Passive Acoustic Metamaterials for Low Frequencies—Theories, Types, Testing, and Future Directions
Authors: Akram Saad , Israr Asif
Published: January 2025

Metamaterials, engineered to exhibit unique properties, not found in natural materials, are a key focus of modern scientific research. Acoustic metamaterials are designed to manipulate or attenuate acoustic waves. Early designs of acoustic metamaterials show promising results in attenuating sound waves in medium and high‐frequency ranges but lack effectiveness for low frequencies. In recent years, there has been a shift toward the research of passive acoustic metamaterials, designed for low frequencies, with a trend toward additive manufacturing for ease of fabrication. Over 45 acoustic design theories have been reviewed, along with 112 low‐frequency acoustic metamaterials designed in the last 5 years. This comprehensive review ensures the validity and reliability of present findings and equips the knowledge to select the most appropriate acoustic theory, metamaterial type, and testing standards for analyzing metamaterial. The article also discusses computational methods in the design process and compares various existing metamaterial designs and their applications in areas like environmental noise reduction, sound isolation, and other health‐related applications. Finally, it reviews testing methods for experimental verification of acoustic metamaterials. This article aims to steer the future course of metamaterial science by integrating a wide range of research, instilling confidence in the validity and reliability of present findings.
Flexible 3D‐Printed Cellulosic Constructs for EMI Shielding and Piezoresistive Sensing
Authors: Amini Majed , Hashemi Seyyed Alireza , Yu Zhengyang , Ghaffarkhah Ahmadreza , Kamkar Milad , Jiang Feng , Arjmand Mohammad
Published: January 2025

Advances in materials science and sustainability have positioned cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) as an important nanomaterial for creating complex 3D architectures through 3D printing techniques. However, the inherent limitations of 3D‐printed CNF‐based materials, such as poor electrical conductivity and restricted mechanical flexibility, pose barriers to their application in next‐generation electronics. The research addresses these challenges by integrating CNF‐based 3D printed frameworks with a conductive polymer via a process known as “cold chemical vapor polymerization” (CCVP). The procedure initiates with the direct ink writing (DIW) of the CNF hydrogel, which then undergoes saturation with Fe3+ ions and freeze‐drying to produce ion‐embedded CNF frameworks. Subsequently, interconnected conductive pathways of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) are generated within these structures using CCVP. This methodology allows for precise customization of electrical conductivity, resulting in the production of highly conductive (546 S m−1) and mechanically flexible (70% compressible) patterned constructs. This advancement is highlighted by the development of grid‐based structures designed for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shields. These innovative shields demonstrate an absorbance of 0.71 and a specific EMI shielding effectiveness of 3406.45 dB cm2 g−1. Furthermore, these aerogels function as highly sensitive piezoresistive sensors, demonstrating the versatility of this sustainable approach for advancing wearable electronics and multifunctional technologies.
Femtosecond Laser‐Written Invisible Sensors in Architectural Glass and Their Impact on Strength
Authors: Nategh Shahryar , Geudens Viktor , Van Steenberge Geert , Belis Jan , Missinne Jeroen
Published: January 2025

Monitoring architectural glass is becoming increasingly important due to its transition from small infill panels to large, load‐bearing applications, but traditional sensors are visually unappealing for use with transparent materials. This study explores the integration of waveguide Bragg gratings (WBG) into 4 mm thick soda lime silicate architectural glass using femtosecond laser technology, creating invisible optical sensors within the bulk. This method furthermore protects the sensors from surface damage. We report on the optimization and characterization of laser‐written waveguides in this type of glass, achieving low‐loss single‐mode waveguides up to 25 cm long with a propagation loss of 0.52 dB cm−1 at 1550 nm wavelength. Furthermore, WBGs are realized showing a 12.8% peak reflectivity and 115 pm−3 dB bandwidth. A demonstrator consisting of a 25 cm‐long architectural glass plate with a WBG in the center connected to the edge via a single‐mode waveguide, shows a strain sensitivity of 1.20 pm μɛ−1 and a temperature sensitivity of 13.5 pm °C−1. Importantly, mechanical testing confirms that the waveguides do not compromise the strength of the glass which is crucial when subjected to loads. These findings underscore the potential of this technology for structural health monitoring of glass structures.
Melamine‐Copolymerization Strategy Engineered Fluorinated Polyimides for Membrane‐Based Sour Natural Gas Separation
Authors: Ren Yi , Wright Patrick T. , Liu Zhongyun , Yang Shijie , Lu Lu , Yang John , Wang Xuezhen , Guo Sheng
Published: January 2025

Membrane‐based gas separation provides an energy‐efficient approach for the simultaneous CO2 and H2S removal from sour natural gas. The fluorinated polyimide (PI) membranes exhibited a promising balance between permeability and permselectivity for sour natural gas separation. To further improve the separation efficiency of fluorinated PI membranes, a melamine‐copolymerization synthetic approach is devised that aims to incorporate melamine motifs with high sour gas affinity into the structure of the PI membranes. The fluorinated copolyimide membranes that are structurally engineered exhibited excellent solution‐processability and enhanced sweet‐mixed gas selectivity compared to their original PI membranes. Additionally, under a five‐component sour mixed‐gas feed, these melamine‐copolymerized fluorinated PI membranes provided superior combined H2S and CO2 removal efficiency in comparison to conventional glassy polymer membranes. The melamine‐copolymerization strategy provides an easily operable and generally effective approach to developing performance‐enhancing PI membranes for sour natural gas separation.
Unlocking Hexafluoroisopropanol as a Practical Anion‐Binding Catalyst for Living Cationic Polymerization
Authors: Li Maosheng , Ma Xiaodie , Tao Youhua
Published: January 2025

Living cationic polymerization (LCP) is a classical technique for precision polymer synthesis; however, due to the high sensitivity of cationic active species towards chain‐transfer/termination events, it is notoriously difficult to control polymerization under mild conditions, which inhibits its progress in advanced materials engineering. Here, we unlock a practical anion‐binding catalytic strategy to address the historical dilemma in LCP. Our experimental and mechanistic studies demonstrate that commercially accessible hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP), when used in high loading, can create higher‐order HFIP aggregates to tame dormant‐active species equilibrium via non‐covalent anion‐binding principle, in turn inducing distinctive polymerization kinetics behaviors that grant efficient chain propagation while minimizing competitive side reactions. This unique control mechanism delivers unprecedented polymerization activity and controllability across various electron‐rich vinyl monomers under mild conditions, and provides easy access to high molecular weight polymers, block copolymers, and end‐functionalized telechelic polymers. Also, the minimalistic structure of HFIP coupled with its convenient removal and recycle renders this approach easy to scale up, without concern for cost, sustainability and complicated work‐up processes associated with previous systems. This study presents another universal and sustainable strategy for cationic macromolecular engineering, and will also stimulate further exploration of innovative non‐covalent catalysis that enables more challenging living polymerization systems.
Building Localized NADP(H) Recycling Circuits to Advance Enzyme Cascadetronics
Authors: Herold Ryan A. , Schofield Christopher J. , Armstrong Fraser A.
Published: January 2025

The catalytic action of enzymes in a cascade trapped within a mesoporous electrode material is simultaneously energized, controlled and observed through the efficient, reversible electrochemical NAD(P)(H) recycling catalyzed by one of the enzymes. In their nanoconfined state, nicotinamide cofactors are tightly channeled current carriers, mediating multi‐step reactions in either direction (oxidation or reduction) with a rapid response time. By incorporating a hydrogen‐borrowing enzyme pair, the internal action of which opposes the external voltage bias driving oxidation or reduction, a reduction process can be performed under overall oxidizing conditions, and vice versa. The power of the method to control and resolve complex metabolic pathways is demonstrated using a non‐linear, three‐enzyme cascade extended by incorporating a fourth enzyme, urease. The latter generates in situ ammonia, which is enzymatically consumed in a reductive process, but the immediate current response to each addition of urea is observed, unusually, by applying an oxidizing potential. A practical consequence is that enzyme‐catalyzed electrochemical reduction reactions requiring anaerobic conditions (to avoid O2 interference) can readily be studied under ambient aerobic conditions. The results illustrate how a complex enzyme cascade confined within a porous electrode and connected to an electrical power source manifests characteristics associated with electronic circuits.
Integrated Two‐in‐one Strategy for Efficient Neutral Hydrogen Peroxide Electrosynthesis via Phosphorous Doping in 2D Mesoporous Carbon Carriers
Authors: Qi Chunhong , Bao Weichao , Xu Jiangsan , Li Yu , Xu Fangfang , Li Minghao , Wang Lianjun , Jiang Wan , Qiu Pengpeng , Luo Wei
Published: January 2025

Herein, we demonstrate a two‐in‐one strategy for efficient neutral electrosynthesis of H2O2 via two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e− ORR), achieved by synergistically fine‐modulating both the local microenvironment and electronic structure of indium (In) single atom (SA) sites. Through a series of finite elemental simulations and experimental analysis, we highlight the significant impact of phosphorous (P) doping on an optimized 2D mesoporous carbon carrier, which fosters a favorable microenvironment by improving the mass transfer and O2 enrichment, subsequently leading to an increased local pH levels. Consequently, an outstanding 2e− ORR performance is observed in neutral electrolytes, achieving over 95 % selectivity for H2O2 across a broad voltage range of 0.1 to 0.5 V vs RHE. In a flow cell, the production rate of H2O2 exceeds 22.54 mol gcat−1 h−1 while maintaining high stability at industrial‐level current densities. These results are comparable to, if not better than, those achieved under alkaline conditions. Further analysis, both experimental and theoretical, indicates that the P dopant occupies the second coordination sphere of the In SA, which shows optimized OOH* binding strength for an enhanced 2e− ORR kinetic.
Navigating AAMI ST108 Water Quality Requirements for Safe Processing of Medical Devices
Authors: Gordon Patrick S. , Mehrotra Preeti
Published: January 2025

Water quality plays a critical role in health care, particularly in the processing of medical devices. This article highlights the infection control risks associated with water sources and the regulatory requirements for water management plans in health care facilities. The guidance on water quality has evolved from the initial technical information report provided by the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation in 2014 to the more recent 2023 publication of the American National Standards Institute and Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation standard for water used in medical device processing. The new standard emphasizes the importance of consistent water and steam quality in instrument processing and outlines the chemical and microbiological parameters for water quality. This article also addresses the challenges of implementing these standards, discusses the implications for patient safety and instrument integrity, and provides strategies for health care teams to ensure compliance.
Preparation, Characterization, and Drug Release of Electrospun Core‐Shell Structured Hyaluronic Acid‐Bovine Serum Albumin/Poly(ε‐Caprolactone) Nanofiber Membranes
Authors: Huang Wendong , Jin Zhengyang , Chen Yutong , Yang Guang , Xu Yan
Published: January 2025

Albumin has broad applications in tissue engineering, yet challenges remain in maintaining activity, loading capacity, and controlled release. In this study, we employed electrospinning to fabricate protein‐polysaccharide/poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibers with a core‐shell structure. High‐magnification projection microscopy characterized the spinnability of hyaluronic acid‐bovine serum albumin (HyA‐BSA) solution. Scanning electron microscopy and high‐magnification projection microscopy demonstrated that the nanofibers had uniform diameter and internal structure, with Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy confirming the successful encapsulation of HyA‐BSA within PCL fibers. X‐ray diffraction indicated that the crystallite size of PCL decreased with increasing Span80 and HyA‐BSA content. Tensile and water contact angle tests revealed improvements in the flexibility and wettability of the nanofibers. In vitro drug tests indicated that the BSA loading and release rate could be modulated by varying Span80 and HyA‐BSA concentrations, with a total release time exceeding 30 days. Overall, this research enables prolonged drug release and offers new insights for protein encapsulation.
Human Capital, Income Inequality, and Health: Analysing Heterogeneous Dynamics Across Income Groups
Authors: Castillo Wendy Irena Guerra , Wu Ci Sheng , Osei‐Kusi Frank
Published: January 2025

This paper examines the impact of human capital, gender inequality, and GDP on income inequality across seven regions with different income levels. Utilising panel data from 125 countries from 2000 to 2018, the study employs methods such as Panel Spatial Correlation Consistent dummy variables (PSCC) and panel quantile regression. The findings reveal that income level significantly influences the relationship between human capital and income inequality on GDP. Political stability and total population positively affect GDP in all income groups, whereas gender inequality negatively impacts GDP in high‐income countries but positively in low‐income countries. The study also investigates the correlation between the Gini coefficient and the Gender Inequality Index (GII). Results indicate a positive correlation between the lagged Gini coefficient and its current values, demonstrating the persistence of income inequality. The findings suggest that policymakers can reduce income inequality and promote economic growth through progressive taxation, social welfare programs, and labour market regulations. Policies targeting gender inequality can also influence income inequality and GDP. This research provides insights into the complex interplay between income inequality, gender inequality, and GDP, offering guidance for policymakers to design effective strategies for sustainable economic growth and inequality reduction.
Magnetic‐Field Induced Charge Accumulation in Scalable Magnetoelectric PVDF‐TrFE/Ni Composite Devices
Authors: Luciano Federica , Giorgione Erika , Van Meirvenne Emma , Galan Andrei , Marzorati Ilaria , De Coster Arne , Wysocka Dominika , Sorée Bart , De Gendt Stefan , Ciubotaru Florin , Adelmann Christoph
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the direct magnetoelectric effect in thin film composites comprising a 550 nm thick poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) (PVDF‐TrFE) layer spin‐coated onto a 500 µm thick Ni foil substrate. Direct measurements of charge accumulation on dot capacitors with Au top electrodes, induced by the rotation of Ni magnetization from in‐plane to out‐of‐plane orientation by an applied magnetic field, reveal pronounced magnetoelectric coupling. Polarization differences between in‐plane and out‐of‐plane magnetization states of up to (13.8 ± 0.8) × 10−4 µC cm−2 are derived from charge measurements. This corresponds to a maximum open circuit voltage difference of up to 75 ± 6 mV and a magnetoelectric coupling coefficient with respect to magnetization changes of 310 ± 27 mVA−1. Finite element simulations using COMSOL Multiphysics corroborate experimental findings, indicating near‐independence of generated polarizations and open circuit voltages when lateral capacitor dimensions are reduced into the nanometer range. Simulations of nanoscale pillar devices on rigid substrates, employing materials with optimized piezoelectric and magnetostrictive parameters, predict the potential for generating large open circuit voltage differences exceeding 2 V, highlighting the prospects of such devices for spintronic applications.
Investigating Phase Transitions in Hybrid Stars Using the vMIT Bag Model and the QHD‐II Model
Authors: Köpp Fábio , Horvath Jorge Ernesto , Hadjimichef Dimiter , Zen Vasconcellos César A.
Published: January 2025

In this contribution, the global properties of hybrid compact stars resulting from a phase transition between hadronic matter and an interior composed of up, down, and strange quarks, based on a Maxwell construction, are studied. For the equation of state of the hadronic matter, we employ a covariant density functional theory within the framework of relativistic mean field theory, specifically the Quantum Hadrodynamics‐II (QHD‐II) model, with parameters determined using the parametrization. For the quark matter in the stellar core, we use the improved vMIT bag model, which incorporates repulsive interactions mediated by vector mesons, a crucial feature for describing stable and massive hybrid stellar configurations in agreement with recent observations of pulsars with masses above .
Developing and Implementing an Integrated Family Education Program (IPMD‐F) for Parents of Children With Reading Difficulties: Insights From an Action Research Study
Authors: Tercan Hülya , Bayhan Pınar
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This research aims to identify the problems and needs of families of children with reading difficulties, develop an Integrated Process‐Based Family Education Program (IPMD‐F) to address these needs, and implement it.

Methods

The study used a community‐based participatory action research approach, following a four‐stage process: general information collection, needs identification and action plan creation, development and implementation of the IPMD‐F, and evaluation. Conducted during the 2023–2024 academic year in Ankara, Turkey, with 16 volunteer parents of children diagnosed with learning disabilities, data were collected using qualitative and quantitative tools. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic reflexive analysis, while quantitative data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test to determine pre‐test and post‐test score differences.

Finding

Findings derived from a synthesis of personal development theory, a holistic approach, and a neurodiversity perspective revealed that the program assisted parents in attaining a holistic outlook, reinforcing parent–child communication, and cultivating coping strategies. Our assessment also substantiated the program's efficacy in practice.

Conclusion

This study highlights that the IPMD‐F can be a significant resource for families of children with reading difficulties and suggests broader implementation of such programs.
Does Societal Trust Reduce Greenwashing? International Evidence
Authors: Haidar Md Ismail
Published: January 2025

I investigate the influence of societal trust on greenwashing. Utilizing the ESG controversies score as a proxy for greenwashing, this research finds that firms in high‐trust societies engage in fewer greenwashing activities. The effect is less pronounced for firms in countries with strong formal institutions, consistent with the notion that societal trust works as a substitute for country‐level formal institution. However, the effect is more pronounced for highly visible firms. This study highlights three potential mechanisms through which societal trust reduces greenwashing practices: enhanced firm reputation, improved accounting transparency, and stronger stakeholder engagement. Overall, these findings underscore the significant role of societal trust in mitigating corporate greenwashing and fostering sustainable business practices.
An Unusual Meroterpenoid and Two New Steroids From Fungus Penicillium fellutanum and Their Bioactivities
Authors: Lin Li‐Bin , Wang Mei‐Niu , Hu Jia‐Yao , Han Rui , Yang Xing , Shi Wei , Qu Chen‐Lu , Wang Yu‐Fei , Wang Xiao‐Ling , Xiao Jian
Published: January 2025

An unusual clathrate‐type meroterpenoid isoatlantinone A (1), two new steroids acrocalysterols E (2) and F (3), together with fifteen known compounds (4–18) were separated from a plant‐associated fungus Penicillium fellutanum. Their structures and absolute configurations were established based on spectroscopic data (nuclear magnetic resonance and high‐resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry), electronic circular dichroism and modified Mosher's method. Notably, compound 1 represents an unusual highly oxygenated meroterpenoid derivative with a unique caged bioxatetracyclo‐[6.3.2.01,6.01,12]‐tridecane ring system. All compounds were assessed in vitro for antifungal and cytotoxic activities. Intriguingly, compound 16 exhibited potent antifungal activity against Fusarium culmorum with a minimum inhibitory concentration value of 50 µM, similar to the positive control carbendazim. Furthermore, compound 3 displayed potent cytotoxic effects on HCC‐1806, with a half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 18.15 ± 1.05 µM, and compound 6 exhibited remarkable cytotoxic activities on RKO, with an IC50 value of 11.61 ± 0.19 µM. Thus, strain P. fellutanum represents a novel resource of these bioactive compounds to be exploited.
Incorporating uncertainty in the baseline risk: An R Shiny tool and an empirical study
Authors: Murad M. Hassan , Lin Lifeng
Published: January 2025

The common practice in meta‐analysis and clinical practice guidelines is to derive the absolute treatment effect (also called risk difference, RD) from a combination of a pooled relative risk (RR) that resulted from a meta‐analysis, and a user‐provided baseline risk (BR). However, this method does not address the uncertainty in BR. We developed a web‐based R Shiny tool to perform simple microsimulation and incorporate uncertainty in BR into the precision of RD. We empirically evaluated this approach by estimating the impact of incorporating this uncertainty when BR is derived from the control group rates in 3,128 meta‐analyses curated from the Cochrane Library (26,964 individual studies). When BR was derived from the largest study in each meta‐analysis, the median width of the CI of BR was 11.6% (interquartile range (IQR), 6.30%–18.5%). Incorporating this uncertainty in BR led to expansion of the RD CI by a median of 8 per 1,000 persons (IQR 2–24). This expansion increased in a linear fashion with BR imprecision and was more prominent in meta‐analyses with low BR. This study provides a web‐based tool to perform simple microsimulation and incorporate uncertainty in BR into the CI of RD.
Localized and degenerate controls for the incompressible Navier–Stokes system
Authors: Nersesyan Vahagn , Rissel Manuel
Published: January 2025

We consider the global approximate controllability of the two‐dimensional incompressible Navier–Stokes system driven by a physically localized and degenerate force. In other words, the fluid is regulated via four scalar controls that depend only on time and appear as coefficients in an effectively constructed driving force supported in a given subdomain. Our idea consists of squeezing low mode controls into a small region, essentially by tracking their actions along the characteristic curves of a linearized vorticity equation. In this way, through explicit constructions and by connecting Coron's return method with recent concepts from geometric control, the original problem for the nonlinear Navier–Stokes system is reduced to one for a linear transport equation steered by a global force. This article can be viewed as an attempt to tackle a well‐known open problem due to Agrachev.
Structural Elucidation of Photoluminescent Carbon Nanodots through Quenching Kinetics with Molecular Electron Donors and Acceptors
Authors: Jalilov Almaz S. , Ryan Asri Wan , Alenaizan Asem
Published: January 2025

Photoluminescence (PL) quenching mechanism and dynamics of carbon nanodots (CNDs) with molecular electron donors and acceptors are investigated by means of time‐resolved emission spectroscopy. CNDs are prepared by direct pyrolysis from two different precursors, di‐ammonium citrate and tri‐ammonium citrate, at two different temperatures, 150 °C and 180 °C, for 40 hours under ambient conditions. Despite the small changes in the pyrolysis temperature, rather significant differences are observed in the structure, PL quantum yield, and hence observation of the important characteristics of PL quenching kinetics in the presence of benzophenone (BP) and dimethoxybenzene (DMB) as an electron acceptor and donor, respectively. Molecular dynamic simulations of CNDs in the presence of molecular quenchers support the spectroscopic data and the photophysical behavior of CNDs, and the distinct PL quenching dynamics are attributed to the hydrogen bonding interaction in the case of BP and the π π‐stacking interaction in the case of DMB as PL quenchers.
Effect of UV Light Exposure Duration on the Removal of Exfoliation Agent Residues in Two‐Dimensional Perovskite Nanosheets: An AFM Study
Authors: Pinar Gordesli‐Duatepe Fatma , Küçükcan Begümnur , Sağlam Özge
Published: January 2025

Accurate determination of dielectric properties and surface characteristics of two‐dimensional (2D) perovskite nanosheets, produced by chemical exfoliation of layered perovskites, is often hindered by exfoliation agent residues such as tetrabutylammonium (TBA). This study investigated the effect of ultraviolet (UV) light exposure duration on the removal of TBA residues from 2D Ca2NaNb4O13− nanosheets deposited on silicon substrates via Langmuir‐Blodgett method using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Nanoscale adhesion forces between silicon AFM tips and nanofilms exposed to UV light for 3, 12, 18, and 24 hours were measured. Nanofilms exposed to UV for 12 hours showed significant heterogeneity in adhesion forces compared to control nanofilms not exposed to UV. This heterogeneity improved after 18 hours and reached maximum homogeneity at 24 hours. A noticeable decrease in adhesion forces indicated a reduction in TBA residues after 18 hours, with further reduction observed at 24 hours. The most probable adhesion forces for control nanofilms and those exposed to UV for 3 and 12 hours were 1.6‐fold and 2.0‐fold higher, respectively, compared to nanofilms exposed to UV for 18 and 24 hours. Similarly, surface roughness peaked at 12 hours and then decreased with longer exposure, resulting in a smoother surface at 24 hours.
Heteroleptic (NHC/MIC) Biscarbene Ag(I) and Au(I) Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Applications
Authors: Ruiz‐Mendoza Francisco J. , Campos‐Dominguez Emmanuel , Guadalupe Torres‐Salazar M. , Álvarez‐Hernández Alejandro , Mendoza‐Espinosa Daniel
Published: January 2025

A series of hetero‐biscarbene silver(I) and gold(I) complexes of the general formula [NHC‐M–MIC]PF6 (NHC=imidazol‐2‐ylidene, MIC=1,2,3‐triazol‐5‐ylidene) have been prepared via the treatment of NHC‐M‐Cl precursors in reaction with an in situ generated mesoionic carbene (MIC). The new heteroleptic complexes have been fully characterized including NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, melting points and single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The silver(I) derivatives were employed successfully in the solvent free KA2 (ketone‐alkyne‐amine) coupling for the preparation of a series of quaternary carbon‐containing propargyl amines while, the gold(I) biscarbenes, demonstrated a good performance in the A3 (aldehyde, amine, alkyne) coupling and the benzylic oxidation processes under low catalyst loadings.
Reassessing Hybridisation in Australian Tetragonula Stingless Bees Using Multiple Genetic Markers
Authors: Hereward James P. , Smith Tobias J. , Gloag Ros , Brookes Dean R. , Walter Gimme H.
Published: January 2025

We re‐examined reports of hybridisation in three cryptic stingless bee species in the genus Tetragonula in South East Queensland, Australia (T. carbonaria, T. davenporti and T. hockingsi). Previous studies on this group using microsatellite markers proposed that hybridisation occasionally takes place. In contrast, we find that using 1745 SNPs we could reliably separate the three species, with no evidence of contemporary (or recent) hybridisation. We found identical amplicon sequences of the nuclear gene EF1alpha across most individuals of the three species, but low and moderate species‐specific polymorphisms in the nuclear gene Opsin and the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene, respectively, with no cases of mito‐nuclear discordance at these genes. We confirm that nuclear divergence across these species is low, based on 10–26 kb of non‐coding sequence flanking EF1alpha and Opsin (0.7%–1% pairwise difference between species). However, we find mitogenomes to be far more diverged than nuclear genomes (21.6%–23.6% pairwise difference between species). Based on these comprehensive analyses of multiple marker types, we conclude there is no ongoing gene flow among the Tetragonula species of South East Queensland, despite their morphological similarity to one another and the low nuclear divergence among them. The higher resolution provided by multiple SNP markers may lead to lower estimates of contemporary hybridisation more generally.
Development of Student Experiment on High‐Frequency Circuits Using High Precision Simulation
Authors: Oshima Shinpei , Amano Rion , Hayama Tessai
Published: January 2025

A method of student experiment for high‐frequency circuits is developed. This training method is based on a quasi‐experiment system and movies for educational materials. The quasi‐experiment system provides electromagnetic simulation with three‐dimensional models of chip inductors and capacitors. It reduces the time for making prototypes and measuring them. Visualized electromagnetic fields can be used to design the high‐frequency circuits using chip components in the system. A part of the circuits is easily evaluated by the system. The student experiment includes fundamental circuits and an applied circuit for a design contest. The method is suitable for obtaining knowledge on practical high‐frequency circuit design within a limited amount of time.
Study on the Influence of Heat Exchange of Static Drill Rooted Energy Pile on the Consolidation of Coastal Soft Soil Site
Authors: Chen Shuaijiong , Deng Yuebao , Niu Shuai , Zhang Rihong , Ming Wei , Yao Yanming
Published: January 2025

The use of static drill‐rooted energy piles in deep soft soil foundations causes thermal exchange between the piles and the surrounding soil, resulting in excess pore pressure and consolidation settlement in the soft soil layer around the piles, which affects the long‐term deformation of the site. To investigate the impact of the operation of this novel energy pile on the consolidation of the soil around the pile, a simulation analysis was conducted using the ABAQUS software to assess the soil temperature, pore pressure, and consolidation settlement around the static drill rooted energy pile group under a 120‐day heating and cooling cycle. The research findings indicated that the temperature change decreased as the distance between the soil and the pile increased, resulting in less thermal consolidation settlement and pore pressure variations. Heating conditions (ΔT = 18.7°C) resulted in a 17°C increase in the soil temperature below the center of the pile group, with temperature changes becoming negligible beyond 8D. The maximum pore pressure variations in the soil occurred at 2D and 6D distances from the pile, with values of 1.24 and 1.12 kPa, respectively. Under heating conditions, the surface settlement at a 2D distance from the pile group was 6.19 mm, which increased to about 10 mm under heating–cooling cycles. These research findings provide a foundation for analyzing the environmental impact of novel energy piles in coastal areas.
Comparative Safety of Ibrutinib Versus Zanubrutinib in Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Fan Fuli , Liu Xiaodan , Su Zhan , Li Saisai , Wang Chuanlei , Wang Shibo , Cui Shuxia , Yan Yuting
Published: January 2025

This study compares the safety profiles of two Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors, Ibrutinib and Zanubrutinib, in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). While Ibrutinib has transformed CLL treatment, it is associated with significant adverse events (AEs). Zanubrutinib, a second‐generation BTK inhibitor, offers potential for improved safety. In this prospective study, 200 CLL patients were enrolled, with 100 receiving Ibrutinib and 100 receiving Zanubrutinib. Baseline characteristics such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, and genetic factors were evaluated. AEs and serious AEs (SAEs) were tracked and graded using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). Multivariate logistic regression models were conducted to determine predictors of SAE and AEs grade ≥ 3. Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were reported. The mean ages of the Ibrutinib and Zanubrutinib groups were 49.65 and 49.16 years, respectively (p = 0.285). The Zanubrutinib group had a higher percentage of patients with worse ECOG status (71% vs. 57%, p = 0.039). Fewer Zanubrutinib patients experienced severe AEs (4% vs. 9%, p = 0.152) or SAEs (8% vs. 17%, p = 0.054). Neutropenia occurred only in the Ibrutinib group (3%). Subgroup analysis showed a higher complication rate with Zanubrutinib in non‐refractory patients (11.40% vs. 5.26%, p = 0.065). Stage III CLL was a protective factor of grade ≥ 3 AEs (aOR = 0.007; 95% CI: 0.0003–0.1829) and SAE (aOR = 0.015; 95% CI: 0.001–0.177). While ECOS status (2 vs. 3) resulted in reduced risk of SAE, chromosome 17p deletion emerged as the main risk factor of SAE (aOR = 6.40; 95% CI: 1.33–30.79). Zanubrutinib demonstrated a more favorable safety profile than Ibrutinib, with fewer severe adverse events. It may be a safer alternative for CLL patients, particularly those at higher risk for complications from BTK inhibitors. However, these differences stemmed from variability in baseline clinical characteristics rather than the interventions themselves.
Subsurface Irrigation With Ceramic Emitters Improved the Water Productivity and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Greenhouse Melons.
Authors: Han Mengxue , Zhang Lin , Zhao Xiao , Xie Kai
Published: January 2025

Increasing nitrogen use efficiency in agricultural fields is crucial for sustainable agricultural development. In a 2‐year greenhouse study, we compared two methods, subsurface irrigation with ceramic emitters (SICE) and subsurface drip irrigation (SDI), to evaluate their effects on soil moisture and nitrogen distribution, photosynthetic efficiency and plant stoichiometry. The results showed that SICE can reduce the soil nitrate nitrogen content by approximately 20% while maintaining the soil moisture content at 70%–80%, improving the photosynthetic efficiency and melon yield. Under the optimal yield treatment (applying 60.67 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per hectare), compared with SDI, SICE increased yield by 8%, water productivity by 13%, nitrogen absorption efficiency by 4% and nitrogen use efficiency by 3%. In addition, by analysing the stoichiometric characteristics of melon at different nitrogen fertilizer application rates and growth stages under the two irrigation methods, we found that the main reason for the increase in SICE yield was the coupled effect of the increase in plant photosynthetic efficiency and the need for plants to maintain their internal stoichiometric balance.
Preclinical Toxicological Assessment of 2‐(Benzoxazol‐2‐yl)[(2‐hydroxynaphthyl)diazenyl]phenol Derivatives for Blue Light and UV Radiation Photoprotection Applications
Authors: Sousa Karen , Corrêa Dione Silva , de Oliveira João Denis Medeiros , Rieth Gabriel Beilfuss , da Silva Juliana , Paczkowski Ingrid Maliszewski , Campo Leandra Franciscato , Grivicich Ivana , Picada Jaqueline Nascimento
Published: January 2025

The widespread use of electronic devices has led to increased blue light exposure, highlighting the need for effective radiation blockers with blue light protection. Two synthetic 2‐(2′‐hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole derivatives named azo‐4′‐benzoxazole and azo‐5′‐benzoxazole have shown an unprecedented blue light absorption capacity but had not been subjected to a safety evaluation. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic activities of these compounds. The cytotoxic and genotoxic activities were evaluated using MTT assay and comet assay in L929 fibroblast cells. Salmonella/microsome assay and micronucleus test were performed to detect gene and chromosomal mutations. The IC50 was 87.9 μg/mL for azo‐4′‐benzoxazole and 79.5 μg/mL for azo‐5′‐benzoxazole. In the Salmonella/microsome assay, the azo‐5′‐benzoxazole compound induced frameshift mutations in the TA97a strain in the presence of metabolic activation (S9 mix), while azo‐4′‐benzoxazole did not show mutagenic activities in all five strains tested. The azo‐5′‐benzoxazole showed genotoxic and mutagenic effects in L929 cells that were probably associated to the cleavage of azo‐5′ into its analogs 2‐(4′‐amino‐2′‐hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole and 2‐amino‐1‐naphthol. In conclusion, the azo‐substituted group at the 5′ position of the phenyl ring appears to have greater toxicological risks than substituents at the 4′ position of 2‐(phenyl)benzoxazole. The findings warrant further preclinical studies to ensure the safety of these compounds for use as blue light filters.
The Pro‐Migratory and Pro‐Invasive Roles of Cancer‐Associated Fibroblasts Secreted IL‐17A in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Gao Feng , Chen Xuren , Li Xinyu , Deng Chunhua , Luo Peng
Published: January 2025

Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are key stroma cells that play dominant roles in the migration and invasion of several types of cancer through the secretion of inflammatory cytokine IL‐17A. This study aims to identify the potential role and regulatory mechanism of CAFs‐secreted IL‐17A in the migration and invasion of prostate cancer (PC). CAFs and normal fibroblasts (NFs) were obtained from fresh PC and its adjacent normal tissues, respectively. PC cells LNCaP and DU145 were co‐cultured with the conditioned medium from the CAFs and NFs. IL‐17A level was determined by ELISA in the cell supernatant. CCK‐8, wound healing, Transwell assay, western blot analysis, staining, and primary PC lung metastasis assays were employed in vivo or in vitro to explore the effect of CAFs and IL‐17A secreted by them on proliferation, migration, invasion, epithelial−mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis of PC. CAFs stimulated the migration and invasion of PC cells. Importantly, CAFs exerted their roles by directly secreting IL‐17A, leading to a significant increase in migration and invasion in PC cells. Mechanically, IL‐17A promoted Smad3/p38 MAPK pathway‐mediated EMT process, contributing to cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, CAFs secreting IL‐17A activated the Smad3/p38 MAPK pathway and thus facilitated tumor growth and metastasis in nude mice. This study identifies a novel signaling pathway by which CAFs mediate migration and invasion of PC via upregulation of Smad3/p38 MAPK‐mediated EMT in an IL‐17A‐dependent manner.
Estrogen Promotes the Proliferation and Migration of Endometrial Cancer Through the GPER‐Mediated NOTCH Pathway
Authors: Qi Meng , Jin Yuxi , Si Lulu , Fu Hanlin , Shi Xiaojing , Liu Yana , Wang Yifan , Guo Ruixia
Published: January 2025

This study aims to investigate the expression of GPER in EC, assess the impact of estrogen on the proliferation and migration of EC via GPER, and examine the potential role of GPER in mediating the NOTCH pathway to influence EC proliferation and migration. The expression of GPER and its correlation with clinicopathological features were investigated using clinical data. Cell proliferation was assessed through MTT and EdU assays, while cell migration ability was evaluated using wound healing and transwell assays. Western blot analysis was conducted to detect proteins associated with the GPER and NOTCH signaling pathways. Additionally, xenograft tumor models were established to investigate the potential role of estrogen in mediating the NOTCH pathway via GPER. The results demonstrated a significant upregulation of GPER expression in EC, which was associated with clinical stage and metastasis. In vitro experiments provided evidence that estrogen promotes EC cell proliferation and metastasis by enhancing the expression levels of GPER, Notch1, and Hes‐1 proteins. Conversely, knocking down or suppressing GPER effectively reverses these effects. Furthermore, treatment with JAG‐1, an agonist for the NOTCH pathway, counteracts si‐GPER's inhibitory impact on both proliferation and migration abilities of EC cells while increasing Notch1 and Hes‐1 protein expression levels; however, it does not alter GPER expression. In vivo experiments have substantiated that estrogen facilitates EC proliferation via the GPER‐mediated NOTCH pathway.
Demography, Pleasure, State, and Market in Socialist Sexology: Medical‐Sexological and Sexual‐Psychological Public Discourse in Socialist Hungary Through Counseling Books From a Social‐Political Perspective
Authors: Csányi Gergely
Published: January 2025

This paper analyzes medical‐sexological and sexual‐psychological public discourse in Hungary between the Second World War and the regime change, through counseling and science communication books. It engages with works on the history of Hungarian socialist sexual discourse. It differs from such works in two main respects. One is the method of selection of analyzed content: for this study, I systematically included in the database all of the books of two Budapest libraries. The second one is the framing: compared to previous work, I place more emphasis on the political embeddedness of the discourse and how the changing geopolitical situation of Hungary affected the discourse. I argue that discourse trends, initially responding to negative demographic trends the high number of divorces, evolved due to Hungary's “Westernization” and market logic, and the promotion of female sexual pleasure and socialist romanticism becoming increasingly pornified and technical between the 1970s and the regime change.