bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Italian Ph.D. holders and mismatch in education and skills
Authors: Castellano Rosalia , Punzo Gennaro , Rocca Antonella
Published: December 2021

Ph.D. education is a key element in innovation and the generation of new knowledge. Nevertheless, in Italy, the share of doctoral graduates is still lower than the average for OECD member countries. This paper investigates the effectiveness of doctoral education and the extent to which the Italian labour market properly absorbs the rising flow of Ph.D. holders. The effectiveness is assessed from the twofold perspective of the formal relevance of a Ph.D. qualification in the labour market and the substantial applicability of skills acquired to different occupations inside and outside university. Logit models enable sketches of the main determinants of overeducation and overskilling among Italian Ph.D.'s, whereas log-earnings equations allow assessment of the role of educational and skills mismatches in terms of wage penalties. Oaxaca-Blinder decompositions help analyse some causes of these mismatches. The different patterns of overeducation and overskilling among Ph.D. holders working inside and outside academe lead to different degrees of pay penalties.
Series of incomplete row-column designs with two units per cell
Authors: Datta Anindita , Jaggi Seema , Varghese Cini , Varghese Eldho
Published: December 2021

Here, two series of incomplete row-column designs with two units per cell have been developed that are structurally complete, i.e. all the cells corresponding to the intersection of row and column receive two distinct treatments. Properties of these classes of designs have been studied and the methods result in designs in which the elementary contrasts of treatment effects are estimated with same variance.
Properties and estimation of GARCH(1,1) model
Authors: Posedel Petra
Published: December 2021

We study in depth the properties of the GARCH(1,1) model and the assumptions on the parameter space under which the process is stationary. In particular, we prove ergodicity and strong stationarity for the conditional variance (squared volatility) of the process. We show under which conditions higher order moments of the GARCH(1,1) process exist and conclude that GARCH processes are heavy-tailed. We investigate the sampling behavior of the quasi-maximum likelihood estimator of the Gaussian GARCH(1,1) model. A bounded conditional fourth moment of the rescaled variable (the ratio of the disturbance to the conditional standard deviation) is sufficient for the result. Consistent estimation and asymptotic normality are demonstrated, as well as consistent estimation of the asymptotic covariance matrix.
transition from university to work
Authors: Quintano Claudio , Castellano Rosalia , D’Agostino Antonella
Published: December 2021

The biggest advantage of the web survey method is that in many cases it is easier, faster and cheaper than any conventional methods. However, quality issues in web surveys are of interest because improving the quality of the survey process in terms of timeliness, response rate and accuracy is a basic requirement. The aim of this paper is to analyse several dimensions of quality of data collection through the web, adopting a mixed-mode contact and follow-up plan using both telephone and e-mail. In this way, we can compare differences between e-mail and telephone contact modes in response patterns on the occasion of both the first contact and the callbacks. Different quality indicators referring to data collection timeliness, the relationship between structural variables and quality of data collection process are computed. The data used on this empirical investigation concern university-to-work transition – an issue of great relevance in Italy considering its high levels of youth unemployment.
model for teaching basic engineering statistics in Slovenia
Authors: Drobnič Vidic Andreja
Published: December 2021

Statistics contents are commonly included in university curricula. Slovenian students in general have a lack of problem solving and application knowledge in mathematics and basic statistics. Moreover, engineering students have a lack of teamwork skills, needed in their professional careers. In order to reduce these shortcomings we designed a model for teaching basic statistics to engineering students. The problem-based learning (PBL) approach served as the basis for this model. We adapted it to the requirements of a basic engineering statistics course and to the environment of a Slovenian university. Four main factors of the model are described in detail: Problems, which enable the development of problem solving skills and application of knowledge; PBL teachers, who need to change their roles and activities in the instruction; aims of the students, and the alternative assessment. The article also makes reference to a pedagogical experiment, in which we verified this model.
Automated structuring of company profiles
Authors: Ljubič Peter , Lavrač Nada , Mladenić Dunja , Plisson Joel , Mozetič Igor
Published: December 2021

Selection of partners with appropriate competencies, resources and skills is one of the crucial tasks in the creation of virtual organizations. Partner selection can be facilitated by structuring competencies in an ontology which provides a shared conceptualization. Manual ontology construction is a time and resource consuming activity. Alternatively, there are text mining, conceptual clustering and visualization tools available that can be used for semi-automated ontology creation. This paper proposes a methodology and presents tools which facilitate competency structuring from unstructured company data. These tools have been applied to the reconstruction of the Yahoo! business ontology.
Contingent versus unconditional incentives in WWW-studies
Authors: Göritz Anja
Published: December 2021

Five experiments examined how participation in WWW-studies was influenced by framing the reception of an incentive as contingent on the completeness of the submitted questionnaire. Four experiments were carried out in a university-based online panel and one in a market research online panel. Four times the incentive was a prize draw and once it was a personal gift. In each experiment, two conditions were contrasted: one group received an e-mail invitation mentioning that all participants are eligible for the incentive (= unconditional incentive), whereas the other group was told that only those participants who answer every question in the questionnaire would receive the incentive (= contingent incentive). Dependent measures were response rate, retention rate, number of omitted closed-ended items, length of answers to open-ended questions, and stereotypical answering of grid-like question batteries. There were no significant effects. The results of the individual experiments were then meta-analytically aggregated. It was revealed that contingent relative to unconditional incentives decrease response to a study, while at the same time the sparser data are not compensated for by a superior data quality or retention.
The impact of an extreme observation in a paired samples design
Authors: Derrick Ben , Broad Antonia , Toher Deirdre , White Paul
Published: December 2021

The effect of systematically altering the value of a single observation within a paired differences design is considered. A paradox is observed for the paired samples t test, where increasing the value of an observation in the direction of the true mean difference results in a higher p value. Using simulation, deviations from robustness of the paired samples t test is demonstrated, and is contrasted with Yuen's paired samples t test and the Wilcoxon signed rank sum test.
Adaptive cluster sampling based on ranked sets
Authors: Chandra Girish , Tiwari Neeraj , Chandra Hukum
Published: December 2021

In many surveys, characteristic of interest is sparsely distributed but highly aggregated; in such situations the adaptive cluster sampling is very useful. Examples of such populations can be found in fisheries, mineral investigations (unevenly distributed ore concentrations), animal and plant populations (rare and endangered species), pollution concentrations and hot spot investigations, and epidemiology of rare diseases. Ranked Set Sampling (RSS) is another useful technique for improving the estimates of mean and variance when the sampling units in a study can be more easily ranked than measured. Under equal and unequal allocation, RSS is found to be more precise than simple random sampling, as it contains information about each order statistics. This paper deal with the problem in which the value of the characteristic under study on the sampled places is low or negligible but the neighbourhoods of these places may have a few scattered pockets of the same. We proposed an adaptive cluster sampling theory based on ranked sets. Different estimators of the population mean are considered and the proposed design is demonstrated with the help of one simple example of small populations. The proposed procedure appears to perform better than the existing procedures of adaptive cluster sampling.
development of deviant and delinquent behavior of adolescents
Authors: Reinecke Jost
Published: December 2021

The article presents applications of different growth mixture models considering unobserved heterogeneity within the framework of Mplus (Muthén and Muthén, 2001, 2004). Latent class growth mixture models are discussed under special consideration of count variables which can be incorporated into the mixture models via the Poisson and the zero-inflated Poisson model. Four-wave panel data from a German criminological youth study (Boers et al., 2002) is used for the model analyses. Three classes can be obtained from the data: Adolescents with almost no deviant and delinquent activities, a medium proportion of adolescents with a low increase of delinquency and a small number with a larger growth starting on a higher level. The best model fits are obtained with the zero-inflated Poisson model. Linear growth specifications are almost sufficient. The conditional application of the mixture models includes gender and educational level of the schools as time-independent predictors which are able to explain a large proportion of the latent class distribution. The stepwise procedure from latent class growth analysis to growth mixture modeling is feasible for longitudinal analyses where individual growth trajectories are heterogenous even when the dependent variable under study cannot be treated as a continuous variable.
Stochastic preference and group decision
Authors: Čaklović Lavoslav
Published: December 2021

In this article a notion of stochastic flow associated to stochastic preference is introduced. It is proved that stochastic flow is a consistent flow if and only if stochastic preference is consistent. If both of them are consistent, the flow and the stochastic preference, then, the normal integral of the flow is the logarithm of value function associated to stochastic preference flow. This means that normal integral of stochastic preference flow, which always exists, can be considered as a generalization of ordinal value function in that context. It is also proved that if flow preference is a weak preference order, then, normal integral of unimodular stochastic flow is a value function. This approach is applied to the data obtained from a web questionnaire when students were asked to give preference flows for certain criteria over the set of their lecturers. In that case the stochastic flow and the group flow generate equivalent ranking. Finally, we calculated the Condorcet's flow and Savage's value function associated to its unimodular flow. The ranking obtained from Condorcet's flow is not equivalent to ranking obtained from stochastic flow. In this article we show that stochastic flow and group flow from Čaklović (2003) generate equivalent ranking. That means that in situations when only rating is the aim of the experiment one can organize a questionnaire to collect data only for stochastic flow, i.e. using the scale −1, 0, 1. This is less time consuming than giving strength of a preference for each pair of alternatives.
Optimal multimedia combination for students with dyslexia
Authors: Lebeničnik Maja , Pitt Ian , Istenič Starčič Andreja
Published: December 2021

Many contemporary online learning resources use more than one sensory modality (audio, visual) or presentation mode (pictures, text). Multimedia learning material is often recommended for and adopted by students with dyslexia. However, there are not many empirical studies that support the benefits of multimedia for this group. Due to the variety of difficulties that these students may experience, multimedia may not be the most appropriate type of online content for them. Our study aimed to identify the most appropriate combination of multimedia content for them from among three commonly-used types of online learning resources. An experiment was conducted in which 27 students with dyslexia learned about a topic under one of three conditions: a scroll-down website with onscreen text and static pictures, video lecture and subtitled video lecture. No significant differences in learning outcomes were found between the groups. However, the effect sizes indicated the superiority of the website over the other two conditions. Because of the small sample size, further research is needed.
Stability of typologies produced on the basis of repeated measurement with the role relationship and the name generator approach
Authors: Kogovšek Tina , Hlebec Valentina
Published: December 2021

In measuring ego-centered social networks, two general approaches can be distinguished. A very simple way to evaluate membership in a social network is to ask an ordinary survey question where response categories are types of relationships (e.g., partner, parents, children, friends, etc.). This approach (usually called the role relation(ship) approach) is very appealing as it saves time and money. However, information obtained by this approach is very limited. Most often, when evaluating ego-centered networks, the name generator approach is used. The list of egos (respondents) is obtained in the first step. In the second step, existing ties are identified - all alters with whom the focal ego has some sort of relationship. When all ties have been identified, the contents and the characteristics of ties are assessed. In most cases the characteristics of the alters are also measured. The name generator approach yields more data and is also of higher quality. However, it is time and money consuming, and it requires either considerable effort from respondents, when it is applied in self-administered mode, or complex coordination between interviewer and respondent, when it is applied in personal interviews (e.g., Kogovšek et al., 2002). In a series of studies (e.g., Hlebec and Kogovšek, 2005; Kogovšek and Hlebec, 2005; Kogovšek and Hlebec, 2008), network composition was estimated using both approaches. Test-retest and split-ballot experiments on convenience samples of respondents were used to assess the stability of network composition. Findings show that, with some caution, the two approaches are comparable. In the present paper this line of research is taken a step further. Typologies of social support networks are produced by hierarchical clustering on the basis of network composition, estimated by both approaches. Overall stability of typologies as well as stability of clustering of individual respondents is studied by means of simple descriptive analyses and by discriminant analysis. The results show that the overall stability of typologies is relatively high – two to three cluster groups are obtained in each analysis. However, the typologies seem to be more stable in one experimental group. Also the stability of clustering for individual respondents seems quite high as 73% to 85% of respondents were correctly classified. Incorrectly classified respondents were also studied, but their characteristics may well reflect the specific characteristics of the sampling procedure rather than some other systematic factor.
Evaluating social influence relations
Authors: Schwenk Gero
Published: December 2021

Subject of this paper is the measurement of social influence in social networks. The theoretical point of departure is twofold. First, focus is on cognitive processing of perceived influence. Second, three distinct dimensions of social influence are considered: persuasion, authority and coercion. Combining these considerations with Item Response Theory methods, questionnaire-type measurement instruments are proposed. These instruments are employed in a closed network case study where applicability is checked by means of network autocorrelation models.
Dynamic value at risk estimation for BELEX15
Authors: Nikolić-Đorić Emilija , Đorić Dragan
Published: December 2021

This paper uses RiskMetrics, GARCH and IGARCH models to calculate daily VaR for Belgrade Stock Exchange index BELEX15 returns based on the normal and Student t innovation distribution. In the case of GARCH and IGARCH models VaR values are obtained applying Extreme Value Theory on the standardized residuals. The Kupiec's LR statistics was used to test the accuracy of risk measurement models. The main conclusions are: (1) when modelling value-at-risk it is very important to have a good model for volatility of stock returns; (2) both stationary and integrated GARCH models outperform RiskMetrics in estimating VaR; (3) although long memory volatility is present in the BELEX15 index, IGARCH models cannot outperform GARCH type models in VaR evaluations for this index.
Web mode as part of mixed-mode surveys of the general population
Authors: Berzelak Nejc , Vehovar Vasja , Lozar Manfreda Katja
Published: December 2021

Lower data collection costs make web surveys a promising alternative to conventional face-to-face and telephone surveys. A transition to the new mode has already been widely initiated in commercial research, but web surveys remains limited in academic and official research projects that typically require probability samples and high response rates. Various design approaches for coping with the problems of sampling frames, incomplete Internet use, and nonresponse in web surveys have been proposed. Mixed-mode designs and incentives are two common strategies to reach Internet non-users and increase the response rates in web surveys. However, such survey designs can substantially increase the costs, the complexity of administration and the possibility of uncontrolled measurement effects. This paper presents and demonstrates an approach to the evaluation of various survey designs with simultaneous consideration of the errors and costs. It focuses on the designs involving the web mode and discusses their potential to replace traditional modes for probability surveys of the general population. The main idea of this approach is that part of the cost savings enabled by the web mode can be allocated to incentives and complementary survey modes to compensate for the Internet non-coverage and the higher nonresponse. The described approach is demonstrated in an experimental case study that compares the performance of mixed-mode designs with the web mode and prepaid cash incentive with that of an official survey conducted using the face-to-face and telephone modes. The results show that the mixed-mode designs with the web mode and incentives can greatly increase the response rate, which even surpasses that of the conventional survey modes, but still offer substantial cost savings. However, the results also show that higher response rate does not necessary translate to higher data quality, especially when the main aim is to obtain estimates that are highly comparable with those of the reference survey.
Analysis of U.S. patents network
Authors: Kejžar Nataša
Published: December 2021

The NBER network of U.S. patents from 1963 to 1999 (Hall, Jaffe, Tratjenberg 2001, USPTO) is an example of a very large citation network (3774768 vertices and 16522438 arcs). Using islands algorithm (Zaverˇsnik, Batagelj, 2004) for the Search Path Count (SPC) weights (Hummon and Doreian 1989; Batagelj 2003) the most powerful theme in the entire network was determined. From this we selected a group of companies and categories that appeared and split the entire network into subnetworks according to selected companies and technological categories. We study the general trends and features of the subnetworks over the past thirty-seven years. We propose another approach for studying patents' network as a temporal network. Vertices from the same category in the same time slice are shrunk and then the obtained smaller networks over time are studied. By studying development patterns of the network over time we are trying to determine the general trends in the research and development for the selected companies and categories over the past three decades.
Merton structural model and IRB compliance
Authors: Jovan Matej
Published: December 2021

This paper discusses the 1974 Merton's model in light of the minimum regulatory requirements of the Internal Ratings-Based (IRB) Approach provided in the Directive 2006/48/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council for the calculation of capital requirement for credit risk. The basic purpose is to illustrate potential deficiencies of the model in assigning obligors ratings and/or estimating probability of default to which supervisors should be attentive when validating this model in bank's IRB approach. The procedures of three estimation methods of Merton's model are described (calibration, Moody's KMV, maximum likelihood estimation), based on which deficiencies of this model can be identified. The Merton's model per se does not ensure compliance with the minimum requirements of the IRB approach for the estimation of probability of default, as its theoretical assumptions often do not reflect reality. It is therefore necessary to calibrate the fundamental parameters estimated by the model using empirical data on defaults, which must be defined in accordance with the regulatory minimum requirements, and must be representative of the population for which the model is valid. Results on the simulated data also show that calibration method provides different estimates of probability of default for the same obligors compared to other two methods. Differences are mainly influenced by the volatility of equity and leverage in the time series, which calibration method does not sufficiently account for. Some regulatory minimum requirements can be relaxed when obligors are being assigned ratings on the basis of the Merton's model estimation methods. However, the results of the analysis on simulated and empirical data show that different estimation methods generate different obligor credit rating assignments.
Influence of outliers on some multiple imputation methods
Authors: Quintano Claudio , Castellano Rosalia , Rocca Antonella
Published: December 2021

In the field of data quality, imputation is the most used method for handling missing data. The performance of imputation techniques is influenced by various factors, especially when data represent only a sample of population, for example the survey design characteristics. In this paper, we compare the results of different multiple imputation methods in terms of final estimates when outliers occur in a dataset. Consequently, in order to evaluate the influence of outliers on the performance of these methods, the procedure is applied before and after that we have identified and removed them. For this purpose, missing data were simulated on data coming from sample ISTAT annual survey on Small and Medium Enterprises. MAR mechanism is assumed for missing data. The methods are based on the multiple imputation through the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), the propensity score and the mixture models. The results highlight the strong influence of data characteristics on final estimates.
Parse tree-based machine translation for less-used languages
Authors: Vičič Jernej , Brodnik Andrej
Published: December 2021

The article describes a method that enhances translation performance of language pairs with a less used source language and a widely used target language. We propose a method that enables the use of parse tree based statistical translation algorithms for language pairs with a less used source language and a widely used target language. Automatic part of speech (POS) tagging algorithms have become accurate to the extent of efficient use in many tasks. Most of these methods are quite easily implementable in most world languages. The method is divided in two parts; the first part constructs alignments between POS tags of source sentences and induced parse trees of target language. The second part searches through trained data and selects the best candidates for target sentences, the translations. The method was not fully implemented due to time constraints; the training part was implemented and incorporated into a functional translation system; the inclusion of a word alignment model into the translation part was not implemented. The empirical evaluation addressing the quality of trained data was carried out on a full implementation of the presented training algorithms and the results confirm the employability of the method.
Bad Luck of Cancer – or Misinterpreted Statistics?
Authors: Stare Janez
Published: December 2021

A paper in Science (January 2015) claimed that the majority, 65% to be precise, of cancers is due to bad luck, so non-preventable. In this paper we show that the analyses, presented in the paper, give absolutely no grounds to make such a claim. Some of the arguments have in the meantime appeared elsewhere, but some have not. We also show that the authors' assumptions and their data can only support a claim of no more than 5% of cancers being random.
Measuring personal networks with surveys
Authors: Kogovšek Tina , Hlebec Valentina
Published: December 2021

Like in other fields of inquiry in the social sciences, in social network research the most frequently used measurement method is the survey. Compared with other measurement objects such as networks of opinions, attitudes or values, measurement is more complex and thus often more challenging. Measurement typically occurs in two main phases. First, network units are measured (generated). Second, the relationships among the units and other unit characteristics (e.g. demographic properties) are determined, while some specific questions arise as to whether whole or egocentric (personal) networks are to be measured. In this paper, we limit ourselves to measuring personal networks, especially when compared with different methods for generating networks. There are five basic approaches to generating a personal network: name generator, role generator, event generator, positional generator, and contextual generator. Each is associated with particular research goals, costs (financial, time, respondent burden), advantages, and limitations. Moreover, the complexity and specifics of generating networks mean one must consider the characteristics of data collection modes (e.g. face-to-face, telephone, web). In this sense, we will present the advantages and limits of various methods of generating personal networks, evaluate them critically and comparatively, and illustrate them with often used examples.
The process of knowledge transfer
Authors: Kovačič Helena
Published: December 2021

Learning theory proposes that learning outcomes depend on the characteristics of actors involved in the process. Network theory adds additional dimension to studying learning process. According to several network scholars, relations between learning actors also affect their behaviour and performance. We present a framework for knowledge transfer process that allows a study of how results of a transfer are affected by the characteristics of source and recipient and connections between them. We apply this model to the survey of learning process within two European projects leading to different outcomes of the process. Results of the survey reveal close connection between the two sets of indicators and point to the holistic approach to examining knowledge transfer process.
Analysis of the customers' choice networks
Authors: Batagelj Vladimir , Kejžar Nataša , Korenjak-Černe Simona
Published: December 2021

Customer's choice implies some kind of relations among products. Customers' choices of products induce a network among them. Analyses of such networks can offer interesting information for marketing. In the paper some network analysis approaches are proposed to analyze such data. Two large networks obtained in 2004 from Amazon Internet bookstore and CD-store are used to illustrate these approaches. All analyses were done with program Pajek.
Authorship attribution and statistical text analysis
Authors: Modaber Dabagh Rohangiz
Published: December 2021

In the study of ancient literature, a major problem is to deal with uncertain authorship. Ambiguity about authorship is not limited to the works from remote era. Different reasons cause uncertainty in authorship, such as reproduction of books by hand, prestige, having good sells for works with forged reputable names on them, and sometimes social or political pressures. Whatever the reason, authorship case studies offer the statistician an interesting opportunity to deal with various applied problems, where many standard statistical techniques have been introduced. In statistical analysis of literary texts one tries to apply an objective methodology to works that have received impressionistic treatment for a long time. In subjective analysis of literary style, experts use literary style of the text, which is not quantifiable, as an important criterion in their judgments. Subjective approach can rarely lead to a unique solution acceptable to all the scholars. Statistical quantitative methods provide objective components for judgments. In the quantitative approach, by carefully analyzing the style of the text one tries to find out how to characterize the style of an author numerically and determine sets of features (variables) in a text that most accurately describe the author's style. Much work has been done covering different aspects of this field. Different variables are proposed as distinguishing characteristics of writers, a wide range of mathematical methods is employed, and there is still a lot to be done in the future. The paper presents a brief history and a review of the statistical analysis of literary style, looks at several variables that have been used as stylistic criteria of authors, as well as the methods used. This is followed by some illustrations on Farsi text, implying that there are some general rules that hold for different languages.
Translation of measurement instruments and their reliability
Authors: Rode Nino
Published: December 2021

The translation of measurement instruments, like all cross-cultural research, presents many problems for researchers. Because of cultural and linguistic differences, the questions or items can have quite different meaning in the translated instruments, thus threatening the validity and reliability of measurement. These problems are (or should be) addressed by translation back-translation procedure. To illustrate the problems, the case of Job-related Affective Well-Being Scale is presented. The scale was translated from English to Slovene and applied directly in the research without backtranslation or other form of testing the translation. The Cronbach's alpha is used to compare reliability of the results obtained with original (English) version reported by authors of the scale and with the translated (Slovene) version. In the item analysis some items have been singled out as problematic by item diagnostics. Especially the item »excited«, translated as »vznemirjen«, is discussed, since it is possible that backtranslation procedure could fail to detect the problem. At the end some tentative solutions are suggested.
Effects of limitation of number of alters and time frame in the Burt name generator
Authors: Kogovšek Tina , Hlebec Valentina
Published: December 2021

Social networks can be operationalized as potential and actual sources of social support. Comparing cross-sectional data sets from various points in time allows us to compare overall characteristics of social support networks and their changes over time in the population. However, the measurement instruments should be identical or at least very similar. The Burt name generator (1984) for assessing discussion networks of Slovenians was applied in the 1987 and 2002 surveys. Data were collected on representative samples of adult residents of Slovenia. Owing to the complexity of the personal network questionnaire, the number of alters was limited to 5 in the 1987 survey, whereas there was no upper limit in the 2002 survey. There was also a difference in question wording. In the paper these two surveys are compared with regard to network composition and structure. Special attention is given to the effects of limiting the number of alters, question wording and network size on statistical estimates of network composition and structure.
Statistical disclosure control using random rounding and quadratic programming
Authors: Tiwari Neeraj
Published: December 2021

The most common method of providing data to the public is through statistical tables. The problem of protecting confidentiality in statistical tables containing sensitive information has been of great concern during the recent years. Rounding methods are perturbation techniques widely used by statistical agencies for protecting the confidential data. Random rounding is one of these methods. In this paper, using the technique of random rounding and quadratic programming, we introduce a new methodology for protecting the confidential information of tabular data with minimum loss of information. The tables obtained through the proposed method consist of unbiasedly rounded values, are additive and have specified level of confidentiality protection. Some numerical examples are also discussed to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed procedure over the existing procedures.
As HQ e o ensino de Língua Portuguesa: o ser herói no contexto de vida dos alunos
Authors: Carvalho Ive Marian de , Bicalho Ribeiro Pollyanne
Published: December 2021

Reading practices and oral and written production in elementary school" is the result of experiences undertaken regarding the teaching of Portuguese in Basic Education. The book addresses the relationship between theory and practice in order to contemplate the axes of reading, writing, orality and linguistic/semiotic analysis, in line with the assumptions defended in the Common National Curriculum Base (BNCC).
A ampliação da competência comunicativa oral em sala de aula
Authors: Lima Silva Waldiana Feitosa de , Zavam Aurea
Published: December 2021

Reading practices and oral and written production in elementary school" is the result of experiences undertaken regarding the teaching of Portuguese in Basic Education. The book addresses the relationship between theory and practice in order to contemplate the axes of reading, writing, orality and linguistic/semiotic analysis, in line with the assumptions defended in the Common National Curriculum Base (BNCC).
Pode podcast na escola?
Authors: Gonçalves Martins Almeida Jamille Adaça , Uchoa Bezerra Renata , Araújo da Silva Roberta Francisca
Published: December 2021

Reading practices and oral and written production in elementary school" is the result of experiences undertaken regarding the teaching of Portuguese in Basic Education. The book addresses the relationship between theory and practice in order to contemplate the axes of reading, writing, orality and linguistic/semiotic analysis, in line with the assumptions defended in the Common National Curriculum Base (BNCC).
A repetição em notícias escritas por alunos: algumas reflexões
Authors: Paiva Lima Darlene , Oliveira Vasconcelos de Sá Jammara Oliveira
Published: December 2021

Reading practices and oral and written production in elementary school" is the result of experiences undertaken regarding the teaching of Portuguese in Basic Education. The book addresses the relationship between theory and practice in order to contemplate the axes of reading, writing, orality and linguistic/semiotic analysis, in line with the assumptions defended in the Common National Curriculum Base (BNCC).
A manifestação da invocação em texto de propaganda produzido por alunos do 9o ano do Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Bezerra Cavalcante dos Santos Meyssa Maria , Soares Maria Elias , Fernandes de Sousa Maria Margarete
Published: December 2021

Reading practices and oral and written production in elementary school" is the result of experiences undertaken regarding the teaching of Portuguese in Basic Education. The book addresses the relationship between theory and practice in order to contemplate the axes of reading, writing, orality and linguistic/semiotic analysis, in line with the assumptions defended in the Common National Curriculum Base (BNCC).
O uso de operadores argumentativos para efeito de continuidade e progressão em gêneros argumentativos
Authors: Aguiar Pimenta Alcilene , Pontes de Barros Leal Abniza
Published: December 2021

Reading practices and oral and written production in elementary school" is the result of experiences undertaken regarding the teaching of Portuguese in Basic Education. The book addresses the relationship between theory and practice in order to contemplate the axes of reading, writing, orality and linguistic/semiotic analysis, in line with the assumptions defended in the Common National Curriculum Base (BNCC).
CALIBRATION AND METEOROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EQUIPMENT FOR SATELLITE MONITORING OF GEOEFFECTIVE SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION
Authors:   Fedorov Institute of Applied Geophysics, NUSINOV A. A. , ZAVERTKIN P. S. ,   Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, IVLYUSHKIN D. V. ,   Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, KACHANOVSKII YU. M., ,   Fedorov Institute of Applied Geophysics, KIRICHENKO A. S. ,   Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, KUZIN S. V. ,   Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, MINLIGAREEV V. T. ,   Fedorov Institute of Applied Geophysics, NIKOLENKO A. D. ,   Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, PAN’SHIN E. A. ,   Fedorov Institute of Applied Geophysics, PERTSOV A. A. ,   Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2021

The results are considered of calibration of semiconductor detectors of the VUSS-E spectro- photometer intended for monitoring the solar ultraviolet radiation flux in the Lyman-alpha line (L, 121.6 nm) on Roshydromet geostationary satellites. The calibration was carried out at the Kosmos metrological station at the Siberian International Center for Synchrotron Radiation in the channel of the VEPP-4 relativistic electron storage ring. The contribution P to the VUSS-E signal from the L line and from the spectral region above ~122 nm is calculated using the model ultraviolet radiation spectra. It is shown that the value of P can vary greatly for different sensors and different levels of solar activity: P ~ 30-60% at a low level and P ~ 50-70% at a high level of solar activity. This result indicates a need to calibrate all channels of each flight instrument and to take into account the dependence of the contribution P to the VUSS-E signal from the L line on the level of solar activity when monitoring space weather.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SPECTRA OF THE 2000-YEAR NORTHERN HEMISPHERE AVERAGE SURFACE AIR TEMPERATURE RECONSTRUCTIONS
Authors:   Hydrometeorological Research Center of the Russian Federation, DATSENKO N. M. , SONECHKIN D. M. ,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of the Russian Federation,   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, YANG B. ,   Northwest Institute for Desert and Desertification Research and Eco-Environment and Resources of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China, LIU J.-J. ,   Northwest Institute for Desert and Desertification Research and Eco-Environment and Resources of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China, QIN C. ,   Northwest Institute for Desert and Desertification Research and Eco-Environment and Resources of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
Published: December 2021

The spectral composition of temporal variations in the Northern Hemisphere mean surface air temperature is estimated and compared in 2000-year paleoclimatic reconstructions. Continuous wavelet transforms of these reconstructions are used for the stable estimation of energy spectra. It is found that low-frequency parts of the spectra (the periods of temperature variations of more than 100 years) based on such high-resolution paleoclimatic indicators as tree rings, corals, etc., are similar to the spectrum of white noise, that is never observed in nature. This seems unrealistic. The famous reconstruction called “Hockey Stick” is among such unrealistic reconstructions. Reconstructions based not only on high-resolution but also on low-resolution indicators seem to be more realistic, since the low-frequency parts of their spectra have the pattern of red noise. They include the “Boomerang” reconstruction showing that some warm periods close to the present-day one were observed in the past.
EXTERNAL CALIBRATION OF MTVZA-GYA MICROWAVE RADIOMETER MEASUREMENTS IN SCANNER CHANNELS. PART 1. THE MODELING
Authors:   Russian State Hydrometeorological University, ZABOLOTSKIKH E. V.
Published: December 2021

Numerically simulated brightness temperatures (Tb) of vertically and horizontally polarized microwave radiation of the “ocean-atmosphere” and “sea ice-atmosphere” systems are analyzed for the characteristics of measurement channels of AMSR2 and MTVZA-GYa satellite microwave radiometers at the frequencies from 6.9 to 36.5 GHz. A simplified model of radiation transfer in a non-scattering atmosphere is used. The ERA5 reanalysis data for the Arctic region for 2020 are used as input data for model calculations. The coefficients of linear regressions of the MTVZA-GYa Tb on the AMSR2 Tb over seawater and sea ice are obtained. The average biases of the MTVZA-GYa Tb relative to the AMSR2 Tb are calculated for the considered ten measurement channels. The proposed regressions allow an external calibration of the MTVZA-GYa Tb based on the AMSR2 measurements for the analyzed channels, and the bias values can be used to assess the accuracy and stability of the calibration.
Le droit public face aux populismes en Europe: les cas de la Pologne et de la Hongrie
Authors: Cardoso João Casqueira , Cserny Akos , Borbas Beatrix , Urbaniak Lukasz
Published: December 2021

Populism is by no means a legal term, and its conceptual matrix is unclear. Nevertheless, it remains a challenge for Public law, as populist trends challenge the notion of the rule of law and the formal mechanisms for the protection of fundamental rights. The European context illustrates this challenge. In this context, this contribution addresses three points: first, in general terms, the concept of populism is considered in its potential contacts with Public law issues; second, the cases of Poland and Hungary over the last decade are developed, highlighting their contexts and the way in which political and legal institutions, and more specifically constitutional courts, have been able to respond to populist trends. Finally, a concluding point discusses the lessons that can be drawn from these European cases, not only with regard to Poland and Hungary, but more broadly at the European and international levels. The article permits to identify the shortcomings of the instruments for the protection of fundamental rights, which are also the shortcomings of a still incomplete European Public law.
Valențe moderne ale democraţiei participative
Authors:   Academia de Administrare Publică, Republica Moldova, Chiriac Gabriela , Dulschi Silvia ,   Academia de Administrare Publică, Republica Moldova
Published: December 2021

Un concept care înglobează într-o măsură semnificativă şi la multiple niveluri participarea cetăţenilor este cel al democraţiei participative. Aceasta presupune ca oamenii, comunităţile sau diferite grupuri sociale să fie implicate în procesul decizional şi de gestionare a resurselor. Democraţia participativă este un proces continuu, cu riscuri, necesitând organizare, colaborare, identificarea unor obiective comune într-un grup.
Aspectele-cheie ale relațiilor moldo – române
Authors:   Universitatea de Stat din Moldova, Paunescu Cristina , Cebotari Svetlana ,   Universitatea de Stat din Moldova
Published: December 2021

La un interval de aproximativ trei decenii de la stabilirea relaţiilor diplomatice dintre România şi Republica Moldova, subiectul cu referire la relațiile moldo-române rămâne a fi unul prezent atât în discursul politicienilor, cât și în cercetările reprezentanților comunității academice. Primul stat care a recunoscut independenţa Republicii Moldova a fost România. În contextul analizei relațiilor moldo-române prezentul articol este axat pe cercetarea specificului colaborării Republicii Moldova cu România pe dimensiunea economică. Astfel, sunt reliefate principalele aspecte ale relațiilor politice, comercial-economice și sociale moldo-române din perioada anilor 2009-2021.
Границы в контексте исторической эволюции: концептуально-философский и практический дискурс
Authors:   Академия Публичного Управления, Республика Молдова, Сакович Василий , Раду Корнелиу ,   Академия Публичного Управления, Республика Молдова
Published: December 2021

В данной статье исследуется несколько аспектов феномена границы: философский, гносеологический, культурно-исторический, практический. Особенности границы исследуются в историческом цивилизационно-эволюционном ключе. На основании изучения границы в историческом аспекте, авторы сделали вывод о том, что граница, пройдя большой эволюционный путь от границ родоплеменного социума до современного национального государства, играла важнейшую роль в обеспечении безопасного функционирования общества, жизни человека, деятельности государства, развитии мирового сообщества. В настоящее время в условиях процессов глобализации, инновационно-цифровой революции и формирования нового мирового порядка граница испытывает давление со стороны новых вызовов и угроз. Это, в свою очередь, требует от государства выработки современных форм и методов функционирования границ.
Нелегальная миграция в Азербайджане. Угрозы и последствия
Authors:   Академия Публичного Управления, Республика Молдова, Аскерова Симузер
Published: December 2021

В статье рассматриваются понятие нелегальной миграции, проблемы изучения миграционных процессов. Перечислены наиболее важные причины существования незаконной миграции. Кроме того в статье проанализированы возможные угрозы и последствия данного процесса для республики Азербайджан. Так же в статье проведен обзор законов, регулирующих миграционную политику в Азербайджане.
Vulnerabilitatea comerțului exterior al Republicii Moldova analizată pe baza modelului gravitațional
Authors:   Academia de Studii Economice din Moldova, Diavor Mircea
Published: December 2021

În articol este cercetată vulnerabilitatea comerțului exterior al Republicii Moldova, pe baza elaborării și analizei unui model gravitațional, pentru a determina și a cuantifica factorii ce afectează comerțul exterior. Distanța și mărimea economică a partenerilor comerciali stau la baza modelului gravitațional, și modelul creat de autor confirmă aceste ipoteze. Alt factor analizat pe baza modelului elaborat, utilizând diferența PIB per capita dintre Republica Moldova și partenerii comerciali ca variabilă independentă, confirmă relevanța modelului lui Ricardo. Analiza demonstrează că acordurile de liber schimb au un efect pozitiv asupra comerțului exterior, de asemenea efectul „Brussels” are un impact pozitiv și semnificativ asupra acestuia. În cercetare este analizat modelul gravitațional pentru Republica Moldova cu 20 de parteneri comerciali prin metoda econometrică panel dată regresie.