bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of orally administrated of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seed juice on the performance and carcass parameters of broiler chickens
Authors: Mandey J S , Wolayan F R , Pontoh C J , Kowel Y H S
Published: June 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seed juice in drinking water on the performance and carcass parameters of broiler chickens. A total of 200 DOC of broilers were used for the research. The experiment utilized a completely randomized design in arrangement of four treatments. Each treatment was divided into 5 replications (10 birds each) drank from 8 to 35 d. The birds were housed in battery cages with ad libitum access to feed and water. The treatments were given cucumber seed juice at different concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30 g per liter water, respectively). During which, feed intake, carcass yield, abdominal fat, giblet, blood LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were measured. Data were subjected to the analysis of variance test followed by honestly significant difference test. Results showed that the diet with cucumber in drinking water was significantly decreased abdominal fat percentage, and increased blood LDL-cholesterol, and also feed conversion, but were no affected to final body weight, giblet, the value of blood HDL-cholesterol, and kept the good value of carcass percentage. It can be concluded that cucumber seed juice in drinking water could be acceptable up to 30 g per liter water.
The quality of broiler feed is given citric acid with different storage period
Authors: Jamilah  , Mursalim M F
Published: June 2020

Problems that often arise in the feed are feed damage and low shelf life. The quality of feed raw materials and mixing of feed, as well as the composition of less precise feed ingredients, can increase the problem. Citric acid is one of the ingredients that can be added to preserve feed, the use of citric acid for preservation has been widely carried out on food ingredients for humans. The function of citric acid is not only as a natural preservative but also can improve feed quality. Citric acid has indeed been able to increase productivity, but its influence is expected to be even better. Feeds that can be stored for a long time without changing the quality of the feed are highly expected by farmers so that they can mix the feed when the available feed is sufficient. Mixing large amounts of feed can save energy and production costs and be able to anticipate the availability of highly fluctuating feed ingredients on the market. Citric acid is one of the organic acids which if added to broiler feed can be acidifier which is believed to increase livestock productivity. The research aims to improve shelf life and maintain the quality of broiler feed by adding citric acid at various levels. The research design used was a completely randomized design with 5 x 4 factorial patterns with two replications. The addition of citric acid and storage time significantly (p<0.005) on peroxidation numbers, but there was no interaction between the two. Physical tests show the addition of citric acid can reduce rancidity, mould growth and insect attack. It can be concluded that the addition of citric acid can maintain the quality of feed with low peroxidation numbers and can increase feed quality.
The influence of extract Kasumba Turate (Carthamus tinctorius linn) on broiler chicken performance
Authors: Rahmah S , Purwanti S , Pakiding W
Published: June 2020

Increased broiler performance can be achieved with the addition of KasumbaTurate Extract (KTE) in drinking water. The purpose of this study is to determine how the effects of the addition of KTE in drinking water of broiler with different levels. The research was carried out for 5 weeks using its commission 5 and 4 replicates and thus require 20 plots. The treatment consists of R0: without KTE and Vit C; R1: Vit C 0.1 ml/1 L of drinking water; R2: 1.25 ml/1 LKTE of drinking water; R3: 1.50 ml/1 L KTE of drinking water; R4: 1.75 ml/1 L KTE of drinking water. The results showed that the treatment did not affect (p>0.05) on the amount of feed consumption, water consumption, body weight gain and carcass of a broiler. Treatment R0, R1, R2 shows an increasing trend in water consumption, feed consumption, and carcass, while the treatment of R3, R4 showed an increasing trend in body weight gain of a broiler. Conclusions from the study showed that the KTE can be used as an antioxidant for the broiler until the highest level of 1.75 ml, but does not affect the performance of broiler.
Botanical types and composition of grazing field in the captive breeding area for Timor deer (Cervus timorensis) at Wosu Village, Central Sulawesi
Authors: Arifuddin M S , Damry  , Najamuddin  , Toknok B
Published: June 2020

A research has been conducted to determine the botanical types and composition of the grazing field of a captive breeding area for Timor deer (Cervus timorensis) at Wosu village, Bungku Barat district, Morowali district, Central Sulawesi province from April 26 to May 16, 2018. Forage samples were taken with a destructive sampling method using a pair of 1 x 1m frame. The dry matter content of the forage samples was analyzed at the animal nutrition and feeding laboratory, Tadulako University. Data were analyzed, and results were presented descriptively. The results showed that the botanical composition of the was 83% kinds of grass and 17% weeds. The grasses were dominated by Imperata cylindrica, Cyperus rotundus, Cyperus kyllingia Endl., and Paspalum conjugatum.
Effect of Lactococcus
lactis inoculation on characteristics and microstructure of dangke cheese with different ripening temperature and incubation time
Authors: Malaka R , Maruddin F , Baco S , Abdou A M
Published: June 2020

Physical properties of Dangke cheese can be improved by the ripening process through starter culture inoculation. The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of Dangke cheese with different temperature and incubation time of ripening as well as their interaction by Lactococcus lactis inoculation. The research method used was experimental using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 2 (two) factors. The first factor (A) is the ripening temperature (5, 15, and 25°C) and the second factor (B) is the Ripening time (6, 9, and 12 days). Dangke is made by adding a papaya sap solution as coagulation. Microstructure was observed by a scanning electron microscope. The treatments were replicated three times each process. The data were processed statistically with variance analysis, followed by the least significant difference test. The results indicated that the ripening temperature affected the activity of L. lactis in carbohydrate degradation to produce lactic acid so that it affected the hydrogen potential (pH) and the dangke protein content. Long time ripening provides an opportunity for L. lactis to continue performing activities resulting in a decrease in carbohydrate and pH levels, but there is an increase in total lactic acid and protein levels. The temperature and duration of ripening in dangke manufacture provide an interaction of carbohydrate and protein levels. The Ripening temperature used in the manufacture of Dangke cheese with the addition of L. lactis, preferably 5°C and the duration of 12 days of ripening. The microstructural features show that the duration of ripening causes the Dangke structure to be more compact, as indicated by the proximity of casein molecules with other casein molecules and fat spread evenly in the three-dimensional network of molecules.
Antioxidant activity of milk pasteurization by addition of Matoa leaf extract (Pometia pinnata)
Authors: Munirah  , Malaka R , Maruddin F
Published: June 2020

This study aims to analyze the effect of the addition of Matoa leaf extract (Pometia pinnata) on the production of pasteurized milk with HTST pasteurization on the antioxidant activity of pasteurized milk. This research was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) in a unidirectional pattern with 5 treatments with 3 replications. Milk is made from 10% reconstituted milk, each sample is added Matoa leaf extract (Pometia pinnata), 0%, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15 and 0.20% respectively, then pasteurized using the HTST method (High-Temperature Short Time) at 72°C for 15 seconds. The results showed that the addition of Matoa leaf extract increased antioxidant activity and decreased the TBA value.
The capability of Cemba (Albizia lebbeckoides [DC.]) benth leaf extract in inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Hajrawati  , Nuraini H , Arief I I , Sajuthi D
Published: June 2020

Cemba (Albizia lebbeckoides [DC.] Benth leaf extract contains phytochemical components namely: phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, glycosides, and saponins that potent to be an antibacterial agent. The study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial capability of cemba leaf extract against Staphylococcus aureus contaminating animal products frequently. Forty grams of cemba leaves were extracted with 400 mL of distilled water for 24 h. One mL of each prepared concentration of CLE (100, 105, 110, 115, 120, 125, 130, 135, and 140 mg mL−1) was cultured together with 1 mL S. aureus concentration of 1 ! 106 CFU mL−1 in MHB media, then incubated for 24 h at 37°C. Furthermore, each bacterial suspension contained in the MHB was grown on MHA media and incubated for 24 h at 37°C. The number of bacteria colonies growing was calculated for determining MIC and MBC. The time-kill test used CLE with a concentration of 1 MIC and 2 MIC. Besides, SEM was also observed to know the changes in the morphology of S. aureus cells after tested contact with 1 MIC CLE. The results showed that CLE was able to inhibit and kill S. aureus bacteria with MIC values of 120 mg mL−1 and MBC of 125 mg mL−1. Time-kill test results showed CLE concentrations of 120 mg mL−1 (1 MIC) and 240 mg mL−1 (2 MIC) were able to kill S. aureus bacteria with a contact length of 4─8 hours. The results of SEM observations indicated that CLE was able to kill S. aureus by damaging bacterial cell wallsad been tested, our method can be used for validated method for aflatoxin analysis in EBN. Further analysis of aflatoxins in edible bird nest will be reported separately.
Physicochemical quality of fermented milk with additional red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) skin
Authors: Dianasari U , Malaka R , Maruddin F
Published: June 2020

Physicochemical qualities and total flavonoids qualities of fermented milk can be enhanced by the utilization of natural ingredients of red dragon fruit skin (Hylocereus polyrhizus). The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of red dragon fruit skin concentration and length of incubation as well as their interaction toward physicochemical characteristics and total flavonoid qualities of fermented milk with the addition of red dragon fruit skin. The research method used was an experimental method by using a completely randomized design with 2 two factors. Factor A was the dragon fruit skin concentration 0%, 20%, 40%, and 60% and factor B was the incubation period ranging from 12 hours, 14 hours, until 16 hours. The treatments were repeated three times each. The data were processed statistically with analysis of variance followed by the least significant difference test. The result showed that a high concentration of red dragon fruit skin and long incubation could increase the activity of Lactic Acid Bacterial (LAB) during the fermentation process, so it increased the fat content but decreased carbohydrate and protein content of fermented milk. Therefore, it can be suggested that the concentration of dragon fruit skin used in producing fermented milk should be 60% and take 12 hours.
Antioxidant effectiveness and pH value of red dragon fruit skin powder (Hylocereus polyrhizus) on pasteurized milk with different storage times
Authors: Faridah Rajmi , Mangalisu Azmi , Maruddin Fatma
Published: June 2020

On peoples farms that do not yet have a modern milk processing industry, marketing becomes an obstracle because the milk is easily damaged. In additional, public interest in consuming fresh milk is still very low due to the lack of attractiveness from milk. One of the inggredients that has the potential to improve the quality attractiveness of consumers is the use of dragon fruit skin powder. Dragon fruit skin contains antioxsidants and antibacterial so that it can maintain the pH value. The purpose of this research was to determine the time limit for pasteurized milk strorage by adding dragon fruit skin powder at room temperature. This research was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with different strorage duration treatments (0 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, 16 hours). Dragon fruit skin powder can was added as much 2%. Strorage treatment with the addition of dragon fruit skin powder affects the pH value. The pH value increased from 0 hours strorage then decreased at 12 and 16 hours strorage. This shows that the addition of dragon fruit skin powder can increase the pH value until 4 hours of strorage. Antioxidant value decrease with duration of strorage. Significant decrease in the value of antioxidant activity occurs in strorage for 16 hours. The quality of pasteurized milk with the addition of dragon fruit skin powder can be maintained up to 12 hours strorage at room temperature.
Effect of milking time on milk production and milk quality of dairy cow fed with fermented corn cob
Authors: Garantjang S , Rusdy M , Hatta M , Nohong B , Sema
Published: June 2020

Many factors affected the milk production and milk quality of dairy cattle, such as the breed, age, type of feed, months of lactation, time milking and others. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in milk production and milk quality in the morning and afternoon milking of dairy cows given corn cobs fermented. The study was carried out for one month, using eight lactating cows, divided into two groups each consisting of four cows. P1= complete feed + 40% of elephant grass, P2= complete feed + 20% of elephant grass + 20% of fermented corn cobs. Data analysis was displayed in chart form, the average and standard deviations and analyzed descriptively. The results showed that milk production in the morning milking treatment P1 was 18.36 %, higher than in the afternoon milking and P2 milking morning treatment was 11.56%, higher than in the afternoon milking or the second average morning milking treatment 14.96 % higher than afternoon milking. The milk production of group P1 which not given corn cobs fermented was 8.54 ± 2.78 L/h/d in the morning which was higher than the afternoon milking with average milk production 5.89 ± 1.89 L/h/d, while in the cattle group (P2) which gets fermented corn cobs, milk production in the morning milking was 8.40 ± 1.68 L/head/day, higher than with the afternoon milking with an average milk production of 6.65 ± 1.59 L/h/d. The quality of milk at morning milking was showed from the protein content (3.26%) and fat (3.37%) lower than in afternoon milking with the protein content of 4.03%, and fat content 3.79%. In conclusion, the research showed that milking in the morning has higher milk production than milking in the afternoon, while milk quality in the afternoon milking is higher than in the morning milking.
Effect of long-time immersion in edible film solution from local chicken claw on the physical and chemical properties of chicken meat
Authors: Sompie M , Tinangon R M , Surtijono S E , Said M I
Published: June 2020

Gelatine is a denaturalized protein that is derived from collagen by acidic or alkaline hydrolysis and is an important functional biopolymer that has a very broad application in many industrial fields. This study was aimed to determine the effect of immersion time in edible film from local chicken claw on the physical and chemical properties of chicken meat. These research materials were used gelatine of local chicken claw, plasticizer glycerol, and chicken meat. This study used completely randomized design with different time of immersion in edible film solution (T1 = 0 minutes, T2 = 3 minutes, T3 = 6 minutes and T4 = 9 minutes) and four replications. The result of the study showed that the long-time of immersion in edible film solutions had a significant effect (p<0.05) on the water holding capacity, cooking loss, texture, protein content, and pH value of chicken meat. It was concluded that the chicken meat soaked in edible film solution for 3 minutes had the best physical and chemical properties.
The quality of milk candy using rosella powder (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) addition as natural food colouring
Authors: Ekie M A B , Evanuarini H
Published: June 2020

Rosella have anthocyanins can act as natural colour on milk candy production. The purpose of this study was to determine the best percentage of rosella powder addition on antioxidant activity, colour and yield of milk candy. The material used in the present study were fresh milk, sugar, and rosella powder. The study was conducted in laboratory experimental and arranged using a Completely Randomized Design with 4 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were P0 (without rosella powder addition), P1 (1% addition of rosella powder on milk candy production), P2 (3%) and P3 (5%). The data were analysed using Analysis of Variance and continued by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results of this study showed that the addition of rosella powder had significant effect (P<0.01) on antioxidant activity, lightness, redness, yellowness and yield of milk candy. The antioxidant activity of candy milk were 8.58-10.28, lightness (L) 48.33–52.53, redness (a*) 15.00–19.10, yellowness (b*) 16.80–20.00, and the yield 77% - 80.74%. It can be concluded that addition of rosella powder 5% on milk candy gave the best treatment.
The color and flavor properties of Pindang eggs subjected to different tanner and storage duration
Authors: Herly M , Ningrum E M , Nahariah N
Published: June 2020

The Pindang eggs, a boiled eggs using certain tanners, have a distinctive characteristic i.e., taste, aroma, and texture and more durable than ordinary processed eggs. This study was aimed to determine the effect of the addition of different tanners and storage time on the color and flavor characteristic of Pindang chicken eggs. the experiment was conducted according to a completely randomized design with factorial pattern of 3×4. The First factor was the type of tanners material (guava leaves, teak leaves and combination of guava and teak leaves). The second factor was duration of storage (0, 7, 14 and 21 d, respectively). Color and flavor properties of pindang eggs were analysed descriptively based on the panelist perception of color or flavor scale used during the experiment. The study revealed that the type of tanner and storage time significantly changed the egg white color. While storage duration did not affect the egg flavor, the tannin source materials had a significant effect on the egg flavor. The pindang eggs that processed in the combination of guava and teak leaves as tannin sources had the best score of color and flavor if stored for 7 days.
The digestive and physiological visceral organs of male Bali cattle were fed with cocoa bean shell
Authors: Hikmah H , Alam G , Syamsu J A , Salengke S , Nahariah N
Published: June 2020

Cocoa bean shell (CBS) is a waste from cocoa bean processing, and recently used as supplements in ruminants feed. However, a CBS contains theobromines that well known for its anti-nutrient effect in the animal digestive system. This study examined the effect of CBS supplementation on some digestive organs in Bali cattle bulls. The total of 12 Bali bulls (average initial body weight, 159.25 ± 15.68 kg) aged 16 months age were fed with four levels of CBS concentrate in the diet for 16 weeks (0, 3, 6, and 9%, repestively). At the end of the experiment, digestive tract and some visceral organs weight (e.g., rumen, digest tracts, lymph, liver, lungs, heart, and kidney) were measured and calculated as the percentage of body weight (BW). The results showed that the percentage of spleen, liver and kidney weights were increased (p<0.05) according to the level of CBS supplementation. The effect of CBS feeding on the percentage of spleen weight was occurred at level 9%, and significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to the level of 3%, 6% and without cocoa shell. The liver and kidney percentages were higher (p<0.05) at levels 6% and 9% compared to 0% and 3%. There was no effect of supplementation on the digestive tract, lungs and heart. The study concluded that CBS supplementation at 6% and 9% levels had an effect on physiological visceral organs of Bali cattle bulls.
The quality of Sumba Ongole sperms after sexing using bovine serum albumin column in Bracket Oliphant extender at different temperatures
Authors: Agasi F A , Yusuf M , Said S , Toleng A L
Published: June 2020

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of using Bracket Oliphant medium (BO) extender at different temperatures on motility, viability, abnormalities and plasma membrane integrity of sexed sperms using fresh semen of Sumba Ongole (SO). Sexing sperms was carried out using a BO extender in the BSA column. The parameters observed in this study were motility, viability, abnormalities and plasma membrane integrity and were compared using the Paired-Sample t-Test with two treatments and six replications. P1 was BO extender with a temperature of 27°C and P2 was BO extender with a temperature of 37°C. The results of this study showed that there were no significant different (P>0.05) between the two treatments of the sperms X for motility (65.8%, 53.3% and 41.3% vs. 66.3%, 55.0% and 43.3%), viability (65.9%, 68.0% and 67.0% vs. 67.7%, 61.9% and 69.6%) and plasma membrane integrity (70.1% and 59.8% vs. 64.9% and 64.2%) after sexing, equilibration and thawing, but differed significantly (P<0.05) in abnormalities after sexing (15.5%, 15.6% and 16.2% vs. 15.5%, 17.3% and 19.5%). Likewise, the motility (66.7%, 55.8% and 42.1% vs. 65.8%, 55.0% and 42.1%), viability (68.8%, 59.0% and 64.5% vs. 67.4%, 59.4% and 71.7%), abnormalities (13.6%, 19.4% and 16.6% vs. 18.9%, 18.6% and 17.2%) and plasma membrane integrity (68.1% and 57.5% vs. 62.8% and 62.8%) of sperms Y at P1 and P2 did not differed significantly (P>0.05). The difference in the value of abnormalities of the sperms after separation is still within the limits of abnormalities. It can be concluded that the use of the BO extender method can be used at a temperature of 27°C and at 37°C in the process of sexing sperms.
The quality of sexed sperm separated using bovine serum albumin column and extended using tris aminomethane at different temperatures
Authors: Teken G E , Yusuf M , Said S , Toleng A L
Published: June 2020

Sexing sperms is one of the reproductive technologies that is considered as a promising alternative in the effort of reproductive efficiency to produce offspring according to the desired sex. The method for maintaining and extending the sperms can be done by using bovine serum albumin (BSA) column with Tris Buffer at room temperature and waterbath without damaging the quality of the sperms. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of BSA - Tris Buffer extender on the quality of sexed sperms after thawing at 27°C and 37°C. The study was divided into two treatments; P1 was Tris extender in the temperature of 27°C and P2 was Tris extender in the temperature of 37°C with 6 replications. Those treatments were compared using a Paired Sample test (T-Test). The parameters observed in the present study were motility, viability, abnormalities, and intact plasma membrane. The results showed that motility, viability, abnormalities, and intact plasma membrane of the sperms X and Y at 27°C and 37°C after sexing did not differed significantly (P>0.05). Likewise, after equilibration, the motility of sperms X at 27°C and 37°C did not differed significantly (P>0.05), however, sperm Y at 27°C and 37°C showed a significant difference (P<0,05). Viability and abnormalities of sperms X at 27°C and 37°C differed significantly (P<0,05) but sperms Y at 27°C and 37°C did not show any significant differences. After thawing process, motility, viability, abnormalities and intact plasma membrane of the sperms X and Y at 27°C and 37°C did not show any significant differences. However, it can be conluded that the quality of sexed sperms in the present study is still good because it has motility above 40% and abnormalities below 20%.
Maturation of sheep oocytes with antioxidant α-tocopherol which are activated by parthenogenesis
Authors: Gustina S , Hasbi H , Supriatna I , Setiadi M A
Published: June 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the competence of sheep oocytes which are matured with antioxidant α-tocopherol by parthenogenesis activation. Oocytes from slaughterhouse were matured in tissue culture medium (TCM)-199 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 10 IU/ml pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG), 10 IU/ml human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), 1 µg/ml estradiol, 50 µg/ml gentamycin, and with or without 150 µM α-tocopherol supplementation, then were parthenogenetically activated by exposing to 5 µM calcium ionophore for 5 min, and in medium containing 5 µg/ml cytochalasin B for 4 h. Furthermore oocytes were cultured in TCM 199 + 10% FBS either with or without supplementation of 150 µM α-tocopherol. Result of this experiment revealed that the percentages of activated oocytes with supplementation of 150 µM α-tocopherol only in maturation medium (63.41%) significantly higher (P<0.01) than the control group (50.00%) and the supplemented only in culture medium (51.02%). Furthermore, no significantly difference (P>0.05) in the number of oocytes with 1 pronucleus (PN), 2 PN, and more than 2 PN. It is concluded that the supplementation of 150 µM α-tocopherol on the maturation medium could also increase the percentage of activated oocytes optimally.
Increasing milk production and milk chemical composition in dairy cows by a supplementation of Moringa
oleifera leaf (mol) powder block
Authors: Rika N , Toleng A L , Yusuf M , Sahiruddin  , Ako A
Published: June 2020

Lower milk productivity of dairy cows might be correlated with the low milkconsumption in Indonesia. This problem might be adversely affected by low quality and quantity of food intake. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the milk production of dairy cows supplemented with “Moringa oleifera leaf (MOL) powder block”. There were 20 suckling Friesh Holland dairy cows used in this study. All animals were fed with roughage of natural elephant grasses and rice bran. They were divided into two groups of treatments. The first group supplemented with MOL powder block 500 g/head/day for 21 days and the second group has remained without a supplementation. Hand milking was performed twice a day. Daily milk production and milk concentrations of fat, protein, lactose, calcium and phosphorus were recorded. The data were compared, between the two treatments by using student’s t-test. The supplementation of MOL powder block significantly (p<0.05) increased milk production compared to that without supplementation (14.25 vs 11.51 litre/head/day). Protein in milk was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the treated group in compared to that in control group (3.89 vs 3.43 %, respectively). This study concluded that milk production and protein concentration in milk could be increased by supplementation of MOL powder block.
Reducing heat stress of Bali cattle under a tropical condition by water sprinkler
Authors: Toleng A L , Yusuf M
Published: June 2020

Although Bali (native breed of Indonesia) cattle has already adapted to tropical conditions, but this breed was reported to be in heat stressed under the high ambient temperature. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect water sprinkler on the physiological responses of Bali cattle during the hot season. Two groups of 6 young Bali males were used in this study. The animals were kept individually in an animal house and fed with rice straw and native grasses supplemented with rice bran and urea multinutrients molasses block. The first group (control group) was kept without water sprinkler and the second group (treatment group) was treated with an individual water sprinkler located about 1 m above the animal. The water sprinklers were applied for 6 consecutive days, three times a day (8.00, 12.00 and 16.00 hr.) each lasting for 30 minutes. The physiological responses (body temperature, respiration rate and pulse rate) and ambient temperature were measured at 05.00, 09.00, 13.00, 17.00, 21.00 and 01.00 hr. Daily water intake was recorded. Mean ambient temperature at 05.00, 09.00, 13.00, 17.00, 21.00 and 01.00 hr. were 20.50º, 32.17º, 37.33º, 30.00º, 21.67º, and 20.33ºC, respectively. Treatment group showed a significant (P<0.05) lower mean body temperature during day time (09.00, 13.00 and 17.00 hr.) in compared to those in the control group (38.1ºC vs 38.5ºC). During the night (21.00, 01.00 and 05.00 hr.), there were no significant different of mean body temperature between the two treatments (38.0ºC vs 38.1ºC). Similar responses were detected for respiration rate and pulse rate. Respiration rate was significantly lower (P<0.01) during day time in the treatment group in compared to that in the control group (18.1 vs 20.8 breaths/minute). Mean pulse rate at 13.00 and 17.00 hr. in the treatment was significantly lower (P<0.01) in compared to that in control group (64.3 vs 70.2 beats/min). Mean daily water intake was significantly (P<0.01) lower in the treatment group in compared to that in the control group (12.1 vs 19.3 liters/day). It can be concluded that high temperature during day time of the hot season induced a heat stress. The application of water sprinkler could effectively reduce the heat stress in Bali cattle.
Estrous and pregnancy rate responses of postpartum Bali cattle to concentrate supplementation with different protein levels of rice-straw as basal ration
Authors: Sonjaya H , Rahim L , Sari D K , Abdullah A , Gustina S , Hasbi H
Published: June 2020

The aim of the research is to determine the effect of concentrate with different protein level rice straw as basal ration on the percentage of pregnancy rate of Bali cattle maintained on traditional farming system. The research was divided into two experiments. First experiment: a number of 46 cows divided into 4 treatment groups. Each group respectively protein level 0%, 10%, 12%, and 14%. Experiment 2: a number of 324 Bali cows postpartum got concentrate supplementation with different protein levels were divided into three groups, each got a protein level of 10%; 12%, and 14%. The rice straw diet given ad-libitum and concentrate as much as 1 kg per head per day for two months. Livestock that appears estrous after feeding directly mated naturally and partially performed artificial insemination. Pregnancy examinations carried rectal palpation and partly validated with ultrasound. The results showed that estrous respon in the first experiment not significantly affected by supplementation of concentrate with protein level for 10–14%. In contrast, estrous intensity was obviously visible in group treatment with 14% protein level. The supplementation of protein level in concentrate increased natural estrous 66.05% and natural mating generated 91.65% of pregnancy rate. However, 43.95% cows were artificially inseminated generating 81.63% of pregnancy rate. It’s sonclude that supplementation of concentrate for feed Bali cows with rice straw as basal in the dry season caused increasing the percentage of postpartum estrous and highest of pregnancy rate.
The effect of heatsynch protocol on repeat breeding dairy cows
Authors: Ramadhanty D , Yusuf M , Toleng A L , Rahardja D P , Sahiruddin  , Mansur M , Fausiah A
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study was to know the incidence of repeat breeding in dairy cows and to know the effectiveness of Heatsynch protocol on dairy repeat breeding cows. The study was conducted in two stages. The first stage, all dairy cows were recorded and clinically examined through palpation per rectum and for their reproductive statuses. Parameter measured in the study was the incidence of repeat breeding. The second stage of the study was that the repeat breeder cows subjected to Heatsynch protocol for estrus induction. The protocol was GnRH injection on day-0, followed by PGF2α, estradiol injections on day-7 and day-8, respectively, and inseminated artificially on day-9. The results of the study indicated that the incidence of repeat breeding was 41.6%. The Heatsynch protocol was successfully increase the number of pregnant repeat breeder cows; 75%, higher compared to untreated repeat breeder cows; 20%. It can be concluded that high incidence of repeat breeding in dairy cows. Heatsynch protocol can be used to treat repeat breeder cows and improve the reproductive efficiency.
Supplementation of Arabian jujube (Ziziphus spina Christi) leaf extracts as extender material on the quality of Bali bull semen
Authors: Sahiruddin  , Widjiati  , Toleng A L , Yusuf M , Masturi
Published: June 2020

Semen is subject to experience a decrease in the quality including motility of the sperms. Decreasing the quality of semen begins during collecting process and continues at the processing stage. Low quality of semen will have an impact on the low fertilization rate, so that efforts are needed to maintain the quality of semen. This is thought to be caused by oxidative reactions that are triggered by free radical activity. Some active ingredients in the Arabian jujube leaf are thought to function as natural antioxidants. This study aimed to determine the effect of supplementation of Arabian jujube leaf extracts (Ziziphus spina Christy) on sperms motility in an effort to maintain the quality of Bali bull fresh semen. This study was conducted at the Laboratory of Animal Reproduction; Semen Processing Unit, Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar. The Arabian jujube leaf extracts was added in the extender at three different treatments; P1 (1%), P2 (3%), P3 (5%) and P0 (control). The results of this study showed that there were different motility of the sperms after supplementing the extender with Arabian jujube leaf extracts. The sperms motility of Bali bull semen at concentration of 5% during five days equilibration at 5°C had higher than 3%, 1%, and control, respectively (50.0 vs. 48.7, 43.8, and 46.3%). It can be concluded that supplementation of Arabian jujube leaf extract in the extender material could maintain the quality of Bali bull semen.
Ecology and adaptation of legumes crops: A review
Authors: Al-Tawaha A R M , Al-Tawaha A , Sirajuddin S N , McNeil D , Othman Y A , Al-Rawashdeh I M , Amanullah  , Imran  , Qaisi A M , Jahan N , Shah M A , Khalid S , Sami R , Rauf A , Thangadurai D , Sangeetha J , Fahad S , Youssef R A , Al-Taisan W A , Al-Taey D K A
Published: June 2020

In this review, we discuss the relationship between environmental crop management and adaptation to warming climates of legume plants and plant breeding, for drought tolerance. The benefits connected to the impact of the expansion of appropriate legumes-based agriculture for arid zones are analyzed. We need to two aims to develop programs of breeding and management guided to drought tolerance. The first one is enhancing productivity. The second one is to improve the drought tolerance by mechanisms of water conservation.
Livestock waste and its role in the composting process: A review
Authors: Said M I
Published: June 2020

Livestock waste, especially manure, is one source of pollution that needs attention. Increasing the number of the livestock industry will encourage increased livestock waste. An increase in livestock population will be directly proportional to waste production. Various efforts have been made to reduce the production of such waste. Along with technological advances, efforts to reduce livestock waste have been carried out such as biogas production, compost processing and bioenergy production. In Indonesia, composting is a simple technology that has developed. The use of a mixture of animal manure with materials from agricultural waste has been widely developed. The combination of these two ingredients will produce a better quality compost product. The application of microorganisms as decomposers has been widely developed in the process of composting livestock waste. Structurally, decomposers will increase and accelerate the process of degradation of compost raw material components. The effectiveness of microorganisms is influenced by the environment. The description in this paper aims to evaluate the role of waste from animal manure as a raw material in the composting process.
Quality of compost produced from different types of decomposer substrate and composition of straw
Authors: Said M I , Hastang  , Isra V N
Published: June 2020

Compost is one of the processes of decomposing organic materials that involves the activity of microorganisms partially. The use of decomposers is very important to accelerate the rate of compost fermentation. The study was aims to evaluate the quality of compost produced from different types of decomposer substrates and straw compositions. This study uses feces from Bali cattle as main material which are maintained in a semi-intensive manner. Two types of decomposer substrate were used, namely (1) animal substrate (AS) and (2) plant substrate (PS). The level of straw applied were (1) 0%, (2) 5% and (3) 10% (from the total of compost). The study was conducted based on a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial pattern. The data were analyzed using ANOVA. The results showed that differences in the type of decomposer substrate and straw composition had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the pH value, levels of C-organic, N-organic and C/N ratio of compost. The pH value is in the range of 7.40-7.69. The value of C-organic content varies with a range of values 15.29-18.52%. N-organic content is in the range of 0.72 to 0.97% and C / N ratio of 19.00-25.66. The final results of the study showed that the use of animal substrate decomposer and using 10% straw from the from the total of compost showed better compost quality compared to other treatments.
Analysis of C-organic and total Phospor (P2O5) contents of soil around egg-laying chicken farm
Authors: Abdullahi A B , Siregar A R , Pakiding W , Mahyuddin
Published: June 2020

Sustainable animal husbandry development should be environmentally friendly, meaning it doesn’t cause pollution and degradation of environmental quality, i.e. technically efficient, economically fit for use, socially acceptable and ecologically still ensuring the balance of other ecosystems. One of the resources which should be noted is the soil condition around the farm which is suspected to have degraded quality due to pollutions caused by farming activities. Based on that, the environmental test was performed by analyzing the C-Organic and Total Phosphor (P2O5) contents of soil around the egg-laying chicken farm. The present study was aimed to (1) know the C-Organic and P2O5 contents of soil around the egg-laying chicken farm; (2) compare the C-Organic and P2O5 contents of soil around the egg-laying chicken farm with the set assessment criteria for soil chemical properties (C-Organic and P2O5) for farmland. The present study was performed on October-December 2018, soil samples were obtained from locations around egg-laying chicken farms in Sidenreng Rappang Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The method used in testing the C-Organic and P2O5 contents of soil was spectrophotometric. The working procedure in the present study: (1) testing the C-Organic and P2O5 contents of soil in the location and around egg-laying chicken farm; (2) comparing the C-Organic and P2O5 contents of soil from the research result with the set assessment criteria of soil chemical properties (C-Organic and P2O5) for farmland. The research result showed that the average C-Organic content of the soil around the egg-laying chicken farm was 0.699% and the average P2O5 content of the soil around the egg-laying chicken farm was 159.2 mg/100 g. Based on the results, it’s concluded that the content of C-Organic soil around the egg-laying chicken farm is very low because < 1.0 % but P2O5 very high because of > 60 mg/100 g.
Greenhouse Gas Emission (GHG) from ruminant on 2016 at Central Sulawesi Province
Authors: Munier F F , Wardi  , Takdir M
Published: June 2020

Ruminant is the one of sectors livestock that contribute to increase global warming originates manure and animal eructation. Ruminant sector accounted for carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and ammonia that caused the acid rain. The objective of this research was to determine the contribution of livestock sector for greenhouse gas emission (GHG) on 2016 at Central Sulawesi. The research was used ALU Tool software to calculate the emission of GHG. Data source were from livestock population and emission factors (EF) of CH4 and N2O of any livestocks. The results showed that Central Sulawesi Provincecontribute to 574.020 (Gg CO2e) emission a year from ruminant. Big Rumintant or Beef cattle is the main contributor on GHG emission in form of enteric fermentation CH4 453.550 (Gg CO2e), as much as 76.42%. Small rumintant is the production of N2O from goats as much as 106.021 (Gg CO2e) or equivalent to 17.12 %.
Population dynamics of the white spotted rabbitfish (Siganus canaliculatus Park, 1797) in Makassar Strait and Gulf of Bone, Indonesia
Authors: Suwarni  , Tresnati J , Omar S B A , Tuwo A
Published: June 2020

The white spotted rabbitfish (Siganus canaliculatus Park, 1797) is a locally important foodfish across much of Indonesia. This study aimed to support population dynamics-based fisheries management of white spotted rabbitfish stocks in the Makassar Strait and Gulf of Bone through providing data on age classes (cohorts), growth, mortality, and exploitation rate. Field data were collected over the year from February 2017 to January 2018. A total of 2248 white spotted rabbitfish (1810 males and 438 females) were collected from the Makassar Strait and 1686 (1277 males and 409 females) from the Gulf of Bone. The fish were measured (L = total length in mm), and all analyses were implemented in FISAT II. Cohorts were determined by sex based on monthly length-frequency data using the Bhattacharya method. The growth factor K and asymptotic length L∞ of white spotted rabbitfish in the Makassar Strait were K = 0.42/yr and L∞ = 211.98 mm with t0 = -0.250 yr for males and K = 0.43/yr, L∞ = 215.00 mm and t0 = -0.386 yr for females. In the Gulf of Bone the values were K = 0.42/yr, L∞ = 211.98 cm and t0 = -0.250 yr for males and K = 0.43/yr, L∞ = 215.00 mm and t0 = -0.386 yr for females. Mortality parameters of white spotted rabbitfish in the Makassar Strait were total mortality Z = 1.70/yr, natural mortality M = 0.76/yr, F = 0.94/yr giving an exploitation rate of E = 0.55 for males, while for females Z = 1.77/yr, M = 0.84/yr, F = 0.93/yr and E = 0.53. In the Gulf of Bone, for male white spotted rabbitfish Z = 1.78/yr, M = 0.60/yr, F = 1.18/yr and E = 0.67, while for females Z = 2.42/yr, M = 0.60/yr, F = 1.82/yr and E = 0.75/yr. These data indicate heavy fishing of both stocks, most likely at unsustainable levels.
The diversity of ectoparasites on some type of rats
Authors: Sepe M , Maryana N , Priyambodo S
Published: June 2020

The rats were parasitized by ectoparasitic arthropods which have a close relationship with rats as their specific host. In the rat’s body found various types of ectoparasites such as ticks, mites, fleas, and ticks at the same time and is known as polyparasit. This research aims at obtaining data about the diversity of ectoparasites on different types of rats and their habitat. The rats caught in the house habitat, forest, field, and sewer. The caught rats were put into a cloth bag, labeled, then taken to laboratory to be identified by using key rodent identification. Then, the researcher did the collection and identification. The results showed that There were 87 rats caught from all the habitats. The four rat species trapped from four habitats were Rattus rattus diardii, R. tiomanicus, R. argentiventer, and R. norvegicus. The total number of 2548 ectoparasites were collected from the rats of Hoplopluera pacifica, Polyplax spinulosa, Xenopsylla cheopis, Laelaps nuttalli Hirst and L. echidninus. The diversity index of ectoparasites on the bodies of R. tanezumi was predominant (0.525). Statistical analysis with t-tests (α = 5%) of all index diversity between male and female rodents infested with ectoparasites was not significantly different.
Crowing characteristics of native singing chicken breeds in Indonesia
Authors: Bugiwati S R A , Dagong M I A , Tokunaga Tadaaki
Published: June 2020

Singing chicken is germplasm, genetic resources, indigenous chicken in Indonesia and be known of their unique, exclusive, superiority of singing style with long-melodious rhythm, and different crowing style-tone-tempo comparing with other singing chickens breeds in the world. Some crowing character information was needed to optimize conservation and utilization strategies. The aim of the study was to compare crowing duration and number crowing syllables four singing chicken breeds in Indonesia (Bekisar, Kokok Balenggek, Pelung and Gaga’). This research used 532 birds Gaga’ chicken from Sidrap, Barru and Maros Districts, South-Sulawesi province, Indonesia. They were separated based on crowing speed into Slow-group (234 birds) and Dangdut-group (298 birds). Then, Dangdut-group has separated again, based on total number crowing syllables, into Long-Dangdut-type (51 birds) and Short-Dangdut-type (247 birds). All crowing sounds were recorded and computerizing digitalized using Cool Edit Pro. Software to visualized bioacoustic character as a wave form then data interpreting for analyzing mean and standard deviation. Average crowing durations of Pelung, Kokok Balenggek, Bekisar and Gaga’ chicken (Short-Dangdut-type and Slow-group) were 2.0 to 10.0 sec. Dangdut-Long-type was the longest crowing duration (30.5 sec) and the highest number syllables (140.92). Average number syllables of Pelung (3 sec), Kokok Balenggek (3 to 12 sec) and Bekisar (2 sec) chicken were less than Gaga’ chicken (Dangdut-Long-type: 140.9 sec, Dangdut-Short-type: 20.9 sec and Slow group: 8.2 sec). Each singing chicken breed in Indonesia have uniqueness and differences crowing character. A crowing character such as crowing duration and number of syllable could be identified as one of basic selection to promote and to maintain conservation of singing chicken as germplasm of Indonesia.
The body condition and reproduction performances of Bali cattle cows through the improved feeding in the intensive management system
Authors: Baco S , Malaka R , Zulkharnaim  , Hatta M
Published: June 2020

Bali cows are native livestock in Indonesia which are widely farmed by farmers in eastern Indonesia, due to their high level of adaptation to the environment, but with traditional management, performance is very low. Therefore it is necessary to improve management through improved feed. A study was conducted to determine body condition and reproductive performance of Bali cattle in the breeding period with an intensive management system. A total of 15 dams of Bali cattle reared in a group pen with one head bull. The breeding system, which was implemented in a natural mating system, where the male bull was released together in one pen continuously. Concentrate feed was given 1.5 % of body weight of livestock and forage/grass ad-libitum. Parameters were observed included body condition score (BCS), the first postpartum estrus, pregnancy rate and service per conception (S/C). The results showed that the improvement of feeding the management in the breeding period after calving: 1) improving the body condition of the dam cows from 5.4±0.8 to 6.3±1.0 during the first 3 months with an intensive maintenance system and 6.7±0.8 during the first 6 months of maintenance. 2) The first estrus post parturition was 64.5±31.5 days. 3) Gestation/pregnancy rate for 3 months in the improved feeding on the intensive rearing was 53.8% with S/C 2.2±0.5 and 100% pregnancy rates with S/C 2.5±0.8 during the first 6-months in the improved feeding on the maintained intensive system.