bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fates of angiosperm species following long‐distance dispersal: Examples from American amphitropical Polemoniaceae
Authors: Johnson Leigh A. , Porter J. Mark
Published: November 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Following establishment after long‐distance dispersal, species may experience stasis, accumulate changes leading to new species identity, diversify into multiple species, interact with related species to form novel species, and even become extirpated. We examined each species of temperate Polemoniaceae in South America via the literature and new analyses to better understand the fates of species in this family after their dispersal from North America.

METHODS:

We reviewed literature for the 15 species of Polemoniaceae in South America amphitropically disjunct from their relatives in North America. We conducted DNA sequence analyses to infer relationships, timing of dispersal, and processes involved since dispersal in Microsteris gracilis, three Gilia, two Giliastrum, and three Collomia. Analyses included construction of haplotype networks and phylogenetic trees using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference.

KEY RESULTS:

For all species examined in detail, origins in South America are compatible with dispersal via epizoochory from ca. 0.092–19.46 million years ago. Most species in South America are unique relative to their North American congeners, yet few have radiated into two or more species. Relative stasis, divergence, and hybridization with, and without, allopolyploid formation have occurred postdispersal in Polemoniaceae, as well as extirpation following at least brief establishment.

CONCLUSIONS:

Polemoniaceae that have established in South America share many features likely inherited from their North American progenitors, but some traits may have arisen in situ in specific taxa, such as cleistogamy, self‐incompatibility, and the annual habit, evidencing the rich nature of diversification processes.
Synthesis of metal-fluoride nanoparticles supported on thermally reduced graphite oxide
Authors: Schmitz Alexa , Schütte Kai , Ilievski Vesko , Barthel Juri , Burk Laura , Mülhaupt Rolf , Yue Junpei , Smarsly Bernd , Janiak Christoph
Published: November 2017

Metal-fluoride nanoparticles, (MFx-NPs) with M = Fe, Co, Pr, Eu, supported on different types of thermally reduced graphite oxide (TRGO) were obtained by microwave-assisted thermal decomposition of transition-metal amidinates, (M{MeC[N(iPr)]2}n) or [M(AMD)n] with M = Fe(II), Co(II), Pr(III), and tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)europium, Eu(dpm)3, in the presence of TRGO in the ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIm][BF4]). The crystalline phases of the metal fluorides synthesized in [BMIm][BF4] were identified by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) to be MF2 for M = Fe, Co and MF3 for M = Eu, Pr. The diameters and size distributions of MFx@TRGO were from (6 ± 2) to (102 ± 41) nm. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used for further characterization of the MFx-NPs. Electrochemical investigations of the FeF2-NPs@TRGO as cathode material for lithium-ion batteries were evaluated by galvanostatic charge/discharge profiles. The results indicate that the FeF2-NPs@TRGO as cathode material can present a specific capacity of 500 mAh/g at a current density of 50 mA/g, including a significant interfacial charge storage contribution. The obtained nanomaterials show a good rate capacity as well (220 mAh/g and 130 mAh/g) at a current density of 200 and 500 mA/g, respectively.
A Possible Dynamically Cold Classical Contact Binary: (126719) 2002 CC249
Authors: Thirouin Audrey , Sheppard Scott S.
Published: November 2017

Images of the Kuiper Belt object (126719) 2002 CC249 obtained in 2016 and 2017 using the 6.5 m Magellan-Baade Telescope and the 4.3 m Discovery Channel Telescope are presented. A light curve with a periodicity of 11.87 ± 0.01 hr and a peak-to-peak amplitude of 0.79 ± 0.04 mag is reported. This high amplitude double-peaked light curve can be due to a single elongated body, but it is best explained by a contact binary system from its U-/V-shaped light curve. We present a simple full-width-at-half-maximum test that can be used to determine if an object is likely a contact binary or an elongated object based on its light curve. Considering that 2002 CC249 is in hydrostatic equilibrium, a system with a mass ratio q
min = 0.6, and a density ρ
min = 1 g cm−3, or less plausible a system with q
max = 1, and ρ
max = 5 g cm−3 can interpret the light curve. Assuming a single Jacobi ellipsoid in hydrostatic equilibrium and an equatorial view, we estimate ρ ≥ 0.34 g cm−3, and a/b = 2.07. Finally, we report a new color study showing that 2002 CC249 displays an ultra red surface characteristic of a dynamically Cold Classical trans-Neptunian object.
The Putative Cerean Exosphere
Authors: Schorghofer Norbert , Byrne Shane , Landis Margaret E. , Mazarico Erwan , Prettyman Thomas H. , Schmidt Britney E. , Villarreal Michaela N. , Castillo-Rogez Julie , Raymond Carol A. , Russell Christopher T.
Published: November 2017

The ice-rich crust of dwarf planet 1 Ceres is the source of a tenuous water exosphere, and the behavior of this putative exosphere is investigated with model calculations. Outgassing water molecules seasonally condense around the winter pole in an optically thin layer. This seasonal cap reaches an estimated mass of at least

, and the aphelion summer pole may even retain water throughout summer. If this reservoir is suddenly released by a solar energetic particle event, it would form a denser transient water exosphere. Our model calculations also explore species other than H2O. Light exospheric species escape rapidly from Ceres due to its low gravity, and hence their exospheres dissipate soon after their respective source has faded. For example, the theoretical turn-over time in a water exosphere is only 7 hr. A significant fraction of CO2 and SO2 molecules can get trapped and stored in perennially shadowed regions at the current spin axis orientation, but not at the higher spin axis tilt, leaving H2O as the only common volatile expected to accumulate in polar cold traps over long timescales. The D/H fractionation during migration to the cold traps is only about 10%.
Iota Horologii Is Unlikely to Be an Evaporated Hyades Star
Authors: Ramírez I. , Yong D. , Gutiérrez E. , Endl M. , Lambert D. L. , Do Nascimento J.-D.
Published: November 2017

We present a high-precision chemical analysis of ι Hor (iota Horologii), a planet-host field star thought to have formed in the Hyades. Elements with atomic number

have abundances that are in excellent agreement with those of the cluster within the ±0.01 dex (or

) precision errors. Heavier elements show a range of abundances such that about half of the

species analyzed are consistent with those of the Hyades, while the other half are marginally enhanced by 0.03 ± 0.01 dex (

). The lithium abundance, A(Li), is very low compared to the well-defined A(Li)–

relation of the cluster. For its

, ι Hor’s lithium content is about half the Hyades’. Attributing the enhanced lithium depletion to the planet would require a peculiar rotation rate, which we are unable to confirm. Our analysis of ι Hor’s chromospheric activity suggests

days, which is significantly shorter than previously reported. Models of Galactic orbits place ι Hor hundreds of parsecs away from the cluster at formation. Thus, we find the claim of a shared birthplace very difficult to justify.
Dust Concentration and Emission in Protoplanetary Disks Vortices
Authors: Sierra Anibal , Lizano Susana , Barge Pierre
Published: November 2017

We study the dust concentration and emission in protoplanetary disks vortices. We extend the Lyra-Lin solution for the dust concentration of a single grain size to a power-law distribution of grain sizes

. Assuming dust conservation in the disk, we find an analytic dust surface density as a function of the grain radius. We calculate the increase of the dust-to-gas mass ratio ϵ and the slope p of the dust size distribution due to grain segregation within the vortex. We apply this model to a numerical simulation of a disk containing a persistent vortex. Due to the accumulation of large grains toward the vortex center, ϵ increases by a factor of 10 from the background disk value, and p decreases from 3.5 to 3.0. We find the disk emission at millimeter wavelengths corresponding to synthetic observations with ALMA and VLA. The simulated maps at 7 mm and 1 cm show a strong azimuthal asymmetry. This happens because, at these wavelengths, the disk becomes optically thin while the vortex remains optically thick. The large vortex opacity is mainly due to an increase in the dust-to-gas mass ratio. In addition, the change in the slope of the dust size distribution increases the opacity by a factor of two. We also show that the inclusion of the dust scattering opacity substantially changes the disks images.
Fluting Modes in Transversely Nonuniform Solar Flux Tubes
Authors: Soler Roberto
Published: November 2017

Magnetohydrodynamic waves of different types are frequently observed in magnetic flux tubes of the solar atmosphere and are often modeled using simple models. In the standard flux tube model made of a straight uniform tube with an abrupt boundary, transverse wave modes are classified according to their azimuthal wavenumber, m. Sausage (m = 0) and kink (m = 1) modes produce pulsations of the cross section and transverse oscillations of tube axis, respectively. Both sausage and kink modes have been observed in the solar atmosphere. Fluting (

) modes produce perturbations that are essentially confined around the boundary of the tube, i.e., they have a strong surface-like character. Unlike sausage and kink modes, the detection of fluting modes remains elusive. Here we show that the inclusion of transverse inhomogeneity in the flux tube model dramatically affects the properties of fluting modes. Even in a thin tube, kink and fluting modes are no longer degenerate in frequency when the tube has a smooth boundary. In addition, fluting modes become heavily damped by resonant absorption in a timescale shorter than the oscillation period. The perturbations loose their global shape and their distinctive surface-like appearance. As a consequence of that, we argue that nonuniform flux tubes with smooth boundaries may not be able to support fluting-like perturbations as coherent, global modes.
Critically Evaluated Spectral Data for Neutral Carbon (
)
Authors: Haris K. , Kramida A.
Published: November 2017

In this critical compilation, all experimental data on the spectrum of neutral carbon known to us were methodically evaluated and supplemented by parametric calculations with Cowan’s codes. The sources of experimental data vary from laboratory to astrophysical objects, and employ different instrumentations, from classical grating and Fourier transform spectrometers to precise laser spectroscopy setups and various other modern techniques. This comprehensive evaluation provides accurate atomic data on energy levels and wavelengths (observed and Ritz) with their estimated uncertainties, as well as a uniform description of the observed line intensities. In total, 412 previously known energy levels were optimized with the help of 1221 selected best-observed lines participating in 1365 transitions in the wavelength region 750 Å–609.14 μm. The list of recommended energy levels is extended by including 21 additional levels found through quantum-defect extrapolations or parametric calculations with Cowan’s codes. In addition, 737 possibly observable transitions are predicted. Critically evaluated transition probabilities for 1616 lines are provided, of which 241 are new. With accurate energy levels obtained, combined with additional observed data on high Rydberg states, the ionization limit was determined to be 90820.348(9) cm−1 or 11.2602880(11) eV, in fair agreement with the previously recommended value, but more accurate.
Terahertz Spectroscopy and Global Analysis of the Rotational Spectrum of Doubly Deuterated Amidogen Radical ND2
Authors: Melosso Mattia , Degli Esposti Claudio , Dore Luca
Published: November 2017

The deuteration mechanism of molecules in the interstellar medium is still being debated. Observations of deuterium-bearing species in several astronomical sources represent a powerful tool to improve our understanding of the interstellar chemistry. The doubly deuterated form of the astrophysically interesting amidogen radical could be a target of detection in space. In this work, the rotational spectrum of the ND2 radical in its ground vibrational and electronic

state has been investigated between 588 and 1131 GHz using a frequency modulation millimeter/submillimeter-wave spectrometer. The ND2 molecule has been produced in a free-space glass absorption cell by discharging a mixture of ND3 and Ar. Sixty-four new transition frequencies involving J values from 2 to 5 and K

a
values from 0 to 4 have been measured. A global analysis including all the previous field-free pure rotational data has been performed, allowing for a more precise determination of a very large number of spectroscopic parameters. Accurate predictions of rotational transition frequencies of ND2 are now available from a few gigahertz up to several terahertz.
Clinical and Radiologic Outcomes of Metatarsophalangeal Hemiarthroplasty: A Review of 12 Consecutive Cases
Authors: Wanivenhaus Florian , Fust Jacqueline , Erschbamer Matthias , Schirm Andreas
Published: November 2017

This study examined function, pain, satisfaction, and radiologic outcomes among patients treated with first metatarsophalangeal hemiarthroplasty. Patients were invited to participate in an outcome study conducted with questionnaires on subjective and objective outcomes and clinical and radiographic follow-up. A total of 12 patients (12 feet; mean patient age, 58.8±12.3 years) agreed to participate. Mean follow-up was 22.3±19.8 months. Of these patients, 7 were satisfied with the postoperative result. The mean visual analog scale pain score decreased significantly from 7.0±2.3 preoperatively to 3.5±3.3 postoperatively (
P
=.024). Mean passive range of motion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint was 32°±10° preoperatively, 93°±18° intraoperatively after implantation of the prosthesis and closure of the joint capsule, and 38°±19° at final follow-up (
P
=.26). Mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society forefoot score increased significantly from 47.3±14.7 preoperatively to 71.8±15.2 at last follow-up (
P
=.033). During the follow-up period, 6 patients underwent additional procedures: 5 therapeutic joint infiltrations and 1 arthrodesis. No patients had radiologic loosening of the implant at final follow-up. Osseous dysplastic changes at the base of the proximal phalanx were noted among 6 of 11 patients (12 total cases) at final follow-up. Although first metatarsophalangeal hemiarthroplasty provided significant pain reduction at mean follow-up of 22.3 months, range of motion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint was not restored to anticipated levels and there were high rates of patient dissatisfaction and secondary interventions. [
Orthopedics.
2018; 41(1):e64–e69.]
The Role of Intraoperative Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Devices in Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in Total Hip and Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Tyagi Vineet , Tomaszewski Paul , Lukasiewicz Adam , Theriault Shahana , Pelker Richard
Published: November 2017

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common complication after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA), occurring in up to 85% of patients who are not treated with prophylaxis. The initiation of VTE development may occur intraoperatively. This study investigated whether this gap in VTE prophylaxis can be addressed by the use of intraoperative intermittent pneumatic compression devices (IPCDs) and if intraoperative IPCDs have a meaningful benefit in preventing symptomatic VTE. The authors defined symptomatic VTE as deep venous thrombosis in either lower extremity or a pulmonary embolism. The authors evaluated the medical records of 3379 patients who underwent THA or TKA at their institution in 2014 and 2015. Effects of various factors, including age, sex, body mass index, and smoking status, were compared between these 2 cohorts. Patients who experienced a symptomatic VTE were also matched by age, sex, and procedure type with randomly selected controls. In the patient sample, 47 patients (1.4%) developed VTE. Forty (1.2%) of these patients underwent TKA, whereas 7 (0.2%) underwent THA. Venous thromboembolism occurred less frequently in patients who received intraoperative IPCDs (0.8%) than in patients who did not receive them (1.5%); however, this difference did not reach statistical significance. Total knee arthroplasty was associated with increased odds of VTE compared with THA, as was female sex. These results did not show a statistically significant benefit to the intraoperative use of IPCDs. Pneumatic compression remains a fast, easy, low-cost, low-risk, intuitive intervention that can supplement the postoperative multimodal approach and is worthy of further study. Intraoperative IPCD use should be considered for patients with a higher risk of VTE. [
Orthopedics.
2018; 41(1):e98–e103.]
Proposed Intelligent Pre-Processing Model of Real-Time Flood Forecasting and Warning for Data Classification and Aggregation
Authors: El Mabrouk Marouane , Gaou Salma
Published: November 2017

A wireless sensor network is a network that can design a self-organizing structure and provides effective support for several protocols such as routing, locating, discovering services, etc. It is composed of several nodes called sensors grouped together into a network to communicate with each other and with the base stations. Nowadays, the use of Wireless sensor networks increased considerably. It can collect physical data and transform it into a digital values in real-time to monitor in a continuous manner different disaster like flood. However, due to various factors that can affect the wireless sensor networks namely, environmental, manufacturing errors hardware and software problems etc... It is necessary to carefully select and filter the data from the wireless sensors since we are providing a decision support system for flood forecasting and warning. In this paper, we presents an intelligent Pre-Processing model of real-time flood forecasting and warning for data classification and aggregation. The proposed model consists on several stages to monitor the wireless sensors and its proper functioning, to provide the most appropriate data received from the wireless sensor networks in order to guarantee the best accuracy in terms of real-time data and to generate a historical data to be used in the further flood forecasting.
Real Remote Experiment with Embedded Synchronized Simulation “Remote Wave Laboratory”
Authors: Schauer Franz , Ozvoldova Miroslava , Gerza Michal , Krbecek Michal , Komenda Tomas , Das Sayan , Archibong Mbuotidem Ime
Published: November 2017

The paper describes a new remote experiment in REMLABNET as “Remote Wave Laboratory” constructed on the ISES (Internet School Experimental System). The remote experiment contributes to understanding of concepts of harmonic waves, their parameters (amplitude, frequency and period, and phase velocity) and dependence of the instantaneous phase on time and path covered. Also it serves for the measurements and understanding of the concept of the phase sensitive interference and the superposition of parallel/perpendicular waves.
Quick and Easy 3D modelling for All: A Browser-based 3D-Sketching Framework
Authors: Sandnes Frode Eika , Lianguzov Yuriy
Published: November 2017

Modelling in 3D is considered time-consuming and difficult, relying on special skills. To make matters worse, there are currently no user interface conventions for how to work with 3D data and different modelling applications adopt varying interaction techniques. This paper thus presents a framework for simple 3D modelling based on 2D drawings of height maps. The framework is intended to be quick and easy to use for untrained users and no special software is needed as the application runs in the browser. An experimental evaluation confirmed that all of the eight participants successfully managed to complete simple modelling tasks in just a few minutes.
Embryonic Lethality and Host Immunity of RelA-Deficient Mice Are Mediated by Both Apoptosis and Necroptosis
Authors: Xu Chengxian , Wu Xiaoxia , Zhang Xixi , Xie Qun , Fan Cunxian , Zhang Haibing
Published: November 2017

In mammalian cells, signaling pathways triggered by TNF can be switched from NF-κB activation to apoptosis and/or necroptosis. The in vivo mechanisms underlying the mutual regulation of these three signaling pathways are poorly understood. In this article, we report that the embryonic lethality of RelA-deficient mice is partially prevented by the deletion of Rip3 or Mlkl, but it is fully rescued by the combined ablation of Fadd and Rip3 or Mlkl or by blocking RIP1 kinase activity (RIP1K45A). RelA−/−Fadd−/−Rip3−/− triple-knockout (TKO) and RelA−/−Rip1K45A/K45A mice displayed bacterial pneumonia leading to death ∼2 wk after birth. Moreover, RelA−/−Rip1K45A/K45A mice, but not TKO mice, developed severe inflammation associated with inflammatory skin lesion. Antibiotic treatment improved bacterial pneumonia, extended the lifespan of TKO and RelA−/−Rip1K45A/K45A mice, and alleviated skin inflammation in RelA−/−Rip1K45A/K45A mice. These results show the mechanisms underlying the in vivo mutual regulation between NF-κB activation and the cell death pathway and provide new insights into this interplay in embryonic development and host immune homeostasis.
New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase - type carbapenemases producing Escherichia coli isolates from hospitalized patients
Authors: Grover Shyam Sunder , Doda Ananya , Gupta Nupur , Gandhoke Inderjeet , Batra Jyoti , Hans Charoo , Khare Shashi
Published: November 2017

Background & objectives:

Resistances to carbapenem group of antimicrobials among Escherichia coli due to production of carbapenemases, especially the New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) types, pose serious challenges in the treatment of infections in healthcare settings. This study was undertaken to detect NDM producing E. coli isolates from hospitalized patients with urinary tract infection (UTI).

Methods:

A total of 30 non-repetitive isolates of E. coli from hospitalized patients with clinical suspicion of UTI were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Screening for the production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) was carried out by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test strip ESBL followed by phenotypic confirmation by double-disc synergy test. Phenotypic confirmation of carbapenemase production was carried out by MIC test strip metallo-β-lactamases. Molecular identification of the bla
NDM gene was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing of the amplified fragment.

Results:

Seventeen of the 30 isolates were detected as ESBL producers, of which three were found to be carbapenemase producers. NDM genes were detected by PCR followed by gene sequencing in all three isolates positive for ESBL as well as carbapenemase. The amino acid sequence of the three isolates showed complete identity to the reference sequences of NDM-1, NDM-4 and NDM-8, respectively.

Interpretation & conclusions:

Our study showed the circulation of NDM variants among the clinical isolates of E. coli that were producers of ESBL as well as carbapenemase.
Sonographic Transformation of Acrania to Anencephaly
Authors: Gilani Syed Amar , Manzoor Iqra
Published: November 2017

Objective

To ascertain that acrania can lead to anencephaly

Materials and methods

We commenced a cross-sectional study for a period of 41 months from 2013 to 2017. During routine ultrasound examination, we observed multiple cases of acrania in second trimester and third trimester. We followed 26 cases who failed to terminate their pregnancies and visited for reexamination. Changes in the brain matter, amniotic fluid volume, and echogenicity of the acrania fetuses were recorded and compared with the previous examination. Development of anencephaly was correlated with maternal age and advancement of gestational age. All the patients were examined transabdominally according to the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM) guidelines for obstetrical ultrasound. Data were collected from the previous report and recent examination, by evaluating data with the help of IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24 package, and the results were summarized.

Results

Pregnant women with diagnosed acrania fetus visited second time with a lapse of more than 4 weeks and were enrolled with mean age 25.73 ± 8.80. We observed 4 (15.4%) acrania patients developed into anencephaly. Development of anencephaly was observed to be correlated with the advancement of gestational age. It was observed that acrania is more common in below 20 and above 30 age groups. Haziness of amniotic fluid is also observed to be related with acrania.

Conclusion

Anencephaly could be caused by multiple factors but acrania can lead to anencephaly with continuous exposure of brain matter and meninges to mechanical trauma and chemical activities of the amniotic fluid.

Clinical significance

To test the hypothesis of acrania to anencephaly and make a roadmap for upcoming researches on association of acrania with physical, environmental, and genetical factors.

How to cite this article

Bacha R, Gilani SA, Manzoor I. Sonographic Transformation of Acrania to Anencephaly. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(3):189-196.
Cervical Incompetence: Modern Clinical Protocols and Real Practice
Authors: Belotserkovtseva Larisa D , Kovalenko Ludmila V , Ivannikov Sergey E , Mirzoeva Gulnora T , Petrova Tatiana G
Published: November 2017

Objective

The objective is to evaluate efficiency of using internal protocol of prophylaxis preterm birth (PB).

Materials and methods

Three hundred and seventy gravidas without clinical symptoms of preterm delivery with cervical canal length of <25 mm and on <21 gestation weeks were inspected. Protocol included anamnesis research, 200 mg of daily vaginal progesterone, ultrasound monitoring of length and shape of cervical canal, and distinguished treatment of cervical insufficiency using cerclage or cervical pessary.

Results

Gravidas whose protocol was fully attended have more than dual-fold decrease of extra early preterm delivery risk ratio [4.3 vs 12.3% relative risk (RR) 0.47; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.23–0.99], compared with those whose protocol was attended fractionary. Quantity of unprompted miscarriages in 22+0 week period also decreased dual-fold (6.6 vs 13.8%; RR 0.47; 95% CI 0.23–0.99). The most common mistakes were ignorance of anamnesis data, wrong choice of ways of correction cervical insufficiency, long and ineffective treatment of genital tract infections, and inaccurate estimation of cervical canal.

Usage of effective medication, development of new clinical protocols, and detailed abidance of earlier accepted protocols, mistakes’ analysis, and staff training are reserves of extremely PB decrease.

How to cite this article

Belotserkovtseva LD, Kovalenko LV, Ivannikov SE, Mirzoeva GT, Petrova TG. Cervical Incompetence: Modern Clinical Protocols and Real Practice. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(3):203-209.
Apolipoprotein A-I and Apolipoprotein B: Better Indicators of Dyslipidemia in Diabetic Retinopathy Patients?
Authors: Nusrath Aliya , Namitha Dyavegowda , Rajeswari Arasegowda , Shilpashree Yeliyur D , Asha Rani N
Published: November 2017

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains the leading cause of mortality and disability in adults with diabetes. Recently apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I) and apolipoprotein B (Apo B) have been found to be associated with biophysiological changes of DR than traditional lipids. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the lipid profile including Apo A-I, Apo B, and Apo B/Apo A-I levels in diabetes patients with or without retinopathy. The present study was conducted at Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Hospital, India. The total numbers of subjects were 90, divided into three groups. Group I included 30 healthy controls, group II included 30 cases of diabetes mellitus (DM) without retinopathy, and group III had 30 cases of DR. Blood samples were drawn under aseptic precautions from study subjects. The investigations carried out were fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial plasma glucose (PPPG), and lipid profile including Apo A-I and Apo B in all subjects. The FPG, PPPG, lipid profile, and apolipoproteins (Apo A-I and Apo B) were estimated using autoanalyzer EM 200.There was significant increase in FPG, PPPG, total cholesterol, triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) and no significant decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in group II and III subjects. There was significant decrease in Apo A-I and increase in Apo B levels and Apo B/Apo A-I ratio in group II and III subjects. There is a suggestive association of TGs, LDL, and Apo B/Apo A-I ratio in diabetic subjects with and without retinopathy. The Apo A-I, Apo B, and ratio of Apo B/Apo A-I are strong indicators of dyslipidemia in diabetic and DR patients. The ratio of Apo B/Apo A-I is better associated with DR and may contribute to development and progression of DR.

How to cite this article

Namitha D, Nusrath A, Rajeswari A, Rani NA, Shilpashree YD. Apolipoprotein A-I and Apolipoprotein B: Better Indicators of Dyslipidemia in Diabetic Retinopathy Patients? Indian J Med Biochem 2017;21(2):142-146.
Möglichkeiten zur kostensparenden Milchleistungsprüfung – 2. Mitt.: Untersuchungen zur Zuverlässigkeit von aufwandsreduzierten Verfahren zur Feststellung der Laktationsleistung
Authors: Gernand E. , Recknagel R. , Heerbach B.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Possibilities of low cost procedures for estimating milk yields. II. Reliabilitv of the 305 days lactation yields The increasing expenses of the dairy farmers and control association force's reduction of costs caused by estimating milk yield. As well considerable losses of accuracy are not to accept. Milk yield and contest are tested separate for morning and afternoon in two dairy farms with about 500 milking cows each 14 days This allows the Simulation of different methods for estimating the lactation yield. By these several simulations of Methods for Estimating milk yields and contests are possible. This second Communication shows various variants of estimating total lactation yields (305 days) and their Standard error by 168 lactations in two farms.
Die Weidehaltung von Sauen verschiedener Rassen auf Flußauenstandorten
Authors: Micklich D. , Matthes H.-D.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title ofthe paper: Outdoor keeping of sows of different breeds in a location ofa floodplain wood The present investigations show resulte of four different breeds of pigs (Schwerfurter Meatrace, German Sattle- Back Duroc and Mangalica) in the nationalpark "Brandenburgische Eibtalaue". The aim ofthe investigations are checking the pigs with regard to their rooting activity, behaviour and their litter.
Planungsrechnungen zur Optimierung von Zuchtplänen der Rasse Merinofleischschaf
Authors: Müller U. , Strittmatter K. , Nitter G.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Alternative selection strategies for the Mutton Merino breed to optimize breedine Systems This paper deals with the investigation of alternative selection strategies for the Mutton Merino breed to improve lamb meat production and fertility. A main topic is the application of ultrasonic scanning to evaluate the meat content on live animals. The aim of model calculations was the optimisation and comparison of five different selection strategies within three different schemes of gene dissimation. First a basic scheme was defined and optimised (selection on field records, one-step selection, no scanning). It was regarded as the reference scheme to which all other breeding Systems were related. The following schemes considered both, selection with and without scanning. A second scheme, also based on field records, includes two-step selection of rams (called improved field test scheme). In a third and fourth scheme a level of uniform environment was assumed for ram progeny testing. These are a central testing Station on the one hand with slaughtering and carcass evaluation on progeny, and one or more contract farms on the other (without slaughtering). For a fifth selection scheme an open nucleus was assumed with ram progeny testing in associated test herds. In a dcterministic approach using the ZPLAN Computer program, the monetary genetic gain for the breeding objeetive (traits lambs weaned, litter weight at weaning, postweaning daily gain and lean meat content) and the profit were calculated for each scheme after optimisation of various biological-technical coefficients. The highest profit was achieved with a nucleus scheme (DM 9,16). Due to low recording costs the basic scheme was second (DM 7,19) and, because of high costs, the Station scheme was last (DM 4,22). The other two schemes were intermediate (DM 6,98 for the scheme with contract farms and DM 6,58 for the improved field test scheme). On an average over all schemes, scanning resulted in a 0,24 DM (i.e. almost 30 per cent) increase of the monetary genetic gain and a threefold higher genetic gain for lean meat percentage. In all schemes scanning lead also to a higher profit because the higher retum of selection based on scanning exceeded the higher costs.
Estimating reproduetion ability of Hungarian Merino rams*
Authors: Póti P. , Bedó S. , Mézes M. , Tózser J.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Scrotal circumference, testosterone content of blood serum, libido and sperm quality parameters of Hungarian Merino breeding and young rams were examined according to seasons by the authors in a farm. In the case of matured rams a seasonal effect was observed both in scrotal circumference and testosterone content of blood serum (measured two hours later after exogenous GnRH treatment) and sperm quality. In the case of young rams no seasonal effect was observed. It was found that the scrotal circumference of young rams and the testosterone content of blood serum (two hours after exogenous GnRH treatment) are determined by the maturity of the rams. A medium connection could be observed between scrotal circumference and testosterone content of blood serum induced by GnRH treatment. In the case of matured rams there is a loose and not significant correlation between scrotal circumference and sperm quality (r = 0.39). They have come to the conclusion that libido shows medium correlation with scrotum circumference (r = 0.56), while the correlation with testosterone content of blood serum is tight (r = 0.78), and the correlation with sperm quality proves to be a loose one. According to the results scrotum circumference can be used as one ofthe possible markers for selection of rams for reproduetion purposes.
On some possibilities and prospects of gene conservation and utilisation of pig breeds
Authors: Wittmann M. , Dohy J.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Nowadays, there are 47 rare pig breeds in the world the majority of which in Europe. Disappeared breeds are considered to be 139 breeds (mostly in Europe). The prevention of further losses of needs needs special measurements and methods for maintenance and conservation of genetic values. In spite of a lot of means being available, the conservation programs use the possibilities only moderately. Besides the commonly used testing results, special genetic analysis should be practised and extended widely, including blood groups, enzyme and other protein polymorphisms and the new results of genom analysis (marker genes atc). A proper – and well identified - genetic make up is of minimal precondition for preparing effective mating plans to avoid and reduce Inbreeding rate in closed populations. Besides number of traits and markers, more emphasis should be given to the distribution of the genetic markers on each chromosomes detected. If a chromosome were controlled (detected by at least 5 loci, thre would be round 200 parameters necessary as a minimum for a porper control fo the genomic background of a breed. Whilst it is very diffucult to prevent gene losses in small populations (small effective population size) for long term, reconstruction of them should be comined with cryopreservational and up-to-date DNA-screening.
Evaluation of market value: comparison between different techniques applied on pork carcasses (short communication)
Authors: Branscheid W. , Dobrowolski A.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The market value of a carcass in the whole should be represented by the sum of values of all Single cuts dissected from a carcass. These values of the single cuts are defined by their tissue composition and meat quality characteristics (pH, etc.)respectively. The ftxing of market value at the slaughter line requires very quick methods that base on instrumental measurements and electronic data management. Nowadays four technically different types of instruments are available for the determination of market value in Germany. Following instrumental devices are compared and valuated. Opto-electronic devices, Ultrasonic Scanners, Autoform (SFK Company, DK), The video imaging System VCS 2000. These four technical Systems presented in this study give equally good results in predicting the market value of pork carcass. It can State, that the fully automatic devices represent a new stage of development. They are calculating the market value on a great number of measurements and in most aspects with a high reliability.
Functional dissection of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) svstem – prospects for animal breeding
Authors: Nedbal S. , Zink N. , Lahm H. , Hoeflich A. , Wolf E.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Growth is a biological phenomenon that is subject to complex endo-, para-, and autocrine control mechanisms. In addition to insulin, thyroid hormones, sex steroids, and growth hormone (GH), components of the IGF system have been identified as key players in growth regulation. However, since altered growth is often associated with multiple changes in this complex regulatory network, the specific effects of individual components remain to be determined. Therefore, our lab focused on the functional dissection of the IGF system using transgenic mice and other animal models which are characterized by altered expression of individual members of this system. Here we review some of our findings identifying members of the IGF family as candidate genes which may affect important traits in livestock production.
Effektivität der Zuchtwertschätzung mit transformierten Daten, überprüft mit Mutter-Töchter-Paaren eines Wachtelexperimentes
Authors: Mielenz N. , Dittmar E. , Schüler L.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Effectiveness of genetic evaluation with transformed data by using dam-daughter pairs of Japanese quails In estimation of variance components with REML it has been assumed that the data were normally distributed. Egg production traits of poultry have been shown to exhibit markedly non-normal distributions. In this study, six traits from an unselected quail line were analysed. The original data were transformed using the well-established power transformation to approach normality. The genetic evaluation was carried out with a multipletrait animal model, based on transformed and untransformed data, respectively. Two traits of laying performance, of egg weight and body weight were analysed simultaneously. To compare the efficiency of breeding values the method of simulated selection with biological data (dam-daughter pairs) was used. To select the dams with intensities between 10% and 90% we used individual records and BLUP-breeding values, estimated with transformed and untransformed data. The response of such a selection was estimated using the corresponding daughter records. Only for the trait laying Performance up to 200 days of life we could indicate an advantage of the transformation. It was shown, that by changing from one trait to multiple-trait genetic evaluation non-normality could be compensate. For 10% intensity the selection for individual laying performance provided an unexpected high response in comparing with the BLUP-method.
Tierschützerische Beurteilung des isolierten Frühabsetzens (Segregated Early Weaning, SEW) beim Schwein – eine Übersicht
Authors: von Borell E.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Weifare assessment of segregated early weaning (SEW) in pigs – a review The technology of segregated early weaning (SEW) has been established primarily in large pig farm enterprises across North America. SEW is characterised by weaning piglets at days 7 to 21 of age (mostly between days 12 to 16) and isolated housing in nurseries and growing / finishing units (multi-site production with all-in all-out pig flow). The goal of this technology is to break the infection chain by utilising acquired maternal (passive) immunity from the dam before piglets develop their own active immunity in response to pathogens. A high Standard of feeding and hygiene management facilitates a superior health Status resulting in improved growth rates. The EU-Report on the welfare Status of intensively housed pigs (SCIENTIFIC VETERINARY COMMITTEE, 1997) suggests that the technology of SEW should be allowed only if it is demonstrated that any welfare advantages to sows and piglets outweigh the disadvantages. Recent research on the behaviour of piglets showed that piglets weaned before days 21 of age develop higher levels of nosing and chewing each other which persist into the grow/ftnish period. Longer-term consequences of SEW for the reproduetive Performance of sows are not yet sufficiently evaluated, although reduced nursing periods result into reduced litter sizes and piglet weights. That does, however, not exciude that the total number of litters/sow/year increases, resulting in greater number of piglets produced. Considering the EU legislation laying down a minimum weaning age of 21 days, it is recommended that SEW technology could be implemented by utilising the appropriate health management features (multi-site production, all-in all-out). The benefits of isolated housing on health Status and Performance of pigs seem to outweigh the additional advantages of weaning piglets at a very early age (< 21 days of age).
Mechanismen der Bewältigung von Stress
Authors: von Borell E.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Coping strategies during stress The response to Stressors requires a progression of events beginning with sensing and signalling the animal's various biological mechanisms that a threat exists. These events are followed by activation of neurophysiological mechanisms to mount a biological effort to resist and prevent major damage. The various sensory detectors not only receive the information but transform that information into neural signals that are transmitted to either or botn cognitive and non-cognitive centres of the nervous system to generate a co-ordinated response to the challenge. The hypothalamic-adrenal medullary system involves the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, the sympathetic neural pathways to the adrenal medulla, and the release of epinephrine by the adrenal gland. This short acting stressresponse was originally proposed by W. Cannon and is referred to as the Fight-Flight Syndrome (FFS). The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) stress-response System represents a longer-term, sustained response to Stressors and was conceptualised by Hans Selye (General Adaptation Syndrome, GAS). The major adrenal cortical hormones are corticosteroids and aldosterone. These two classical stress response Systems have been linked to different coping pattern in that FFS is primarily activated in situations of threat of control, whereas the pituitary-adrenocortical System is activated in situations of loss of control. Besides these classical physiological Systems other Systems are activated during stress, including the immune system. Recent research suggests that the endocrine, immune and central nervous Systems interact and respond to stressful Stimuli in a co-ordinated manner. The presence of hormones, neurotransmitters and receptors common to all three Systems Supports the view that communication exists between these Systems. Psychological Stressors perceived as threats may be equally important as those of a physical nature in challenging coping mechanisms. Situations of uncertainty, social pressure and fear are potent Stressors with relevance for the well-being of animals, leading to severe damage to specific target organs and tissues or even to death in some species. Studies on stress responses in farm animals are often conducted on the basis of single physiological alterations or irregular behavioural phenomena that might be difficult to interpret. Non-invasive methods for measuring stress-indicating parameters have been developed in addition to classical descriptive behavioural observations, allowing an evaluation of stress by multiple criteria under different housing conditions and handling procedures.
Genetische Beziehungen zwischen individueller Futteraufnahme während der Eigenleistungsprüfung und Fruchtbarkeitsmerkmalen beim Schwein
Authors: Karsten S. , Röhe R. , Schulze V. , Looft H. , Kalm E.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper. Genetic association between individual feed intake during Performance test and reproductions traits in pigs The present study deals with the estimation of genetic correlations between Performance test traits measured in boars and reproduction traits of their offspring (sibs) of two purebred lines. Performance traits were individual feed intake (FI) recorded by electronic feeder, feed conversion ratio (FCR), average daily gain (ADG) and backfat thickness (BF). Reproduction traits were number of total piglets born (NBT) and born alive (NBA) Data of 4869 young boars, Performance tested between April 1992 and May 1997 and data of 9710 primiparous sows farrowed between June 1994 to November 1998, were observed. Heritabilities of Performance traits recorded on Station were in line 03 (line 04) h2 = 0.24 (0.33), 0.33 (0.33), 0.23 (0.32) and 0.47 (0.53) for FI, ADG FCR and BF, respectively. Heritabilities of reproduction traits such as NBT, NBA were in line 03 (line 04) h2 = 0 05 (0.08) and 0.05 (0.06), respectively. Genetic correlation between individual feed intake and reproduction traits ranged between rg = 0.12 and 0.27. Undesirable genetic correlations were found between reproduction traits and feed efficiency (rg = 0.13 to 0.44), backfat thickness (rg = 0.07 to 0.25) and partly average daily gain (rg = −010 to 0.09). Line 04 showed lowest magnitude of feed intake and highest genetic antagonism between production and reproduction traits. It is suggested that feed intake capacity is a limiting factor for reproduction in line 04 and genetic antagonism between production and reproduction traits increases with reduction in feed intake.