bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extremely durable electrical impedance tomography–based soft and ultrathin wearable e-skin for three-dimensional tactile interfaces
Authors: Kim Kyubeen , Hong Jung-Hoon , Bae Kyubin , Lee Kyounghun , Lee Doohyun J. , Park Junsu , Zhang Haozhe , Sang Mingyu , Ju Jeong Eun , Cho Young Uk , Kang Kyowon , Park Wonkeun , Jung Suah , Lee Jung Woo , Xu Baoxing , Kim Jongbaeg , Yu Ki Jun
Published: September 2024

In the rapidly evolving field of human-machine interfaces (HMIs), high-resolution wearable electronic skin (e-skin) is essential for user interaction. However, traditional array-structured tactile interfaces require increased number of interconnects, while soft material–based computational methods have limited functionalities. Here, we introduce a thin and soft e-skin for tactile interfaces, offering high mapping capabilities through electrical impedance tomography (EIT). We employed an organic/inorganic hybrid structure with simple, cost-effective fabrication processes, ensuring flexibility and stability. The conductive and stretchable sensing domain includes a micropatterned multiwall carbon nanotube and elastomer composite. The skin-like tactile interface effectively detects pressure-induced conductivity changes, offering superior spatiotemporal resolution with fewer interconnects (pixel/interconnects >57). This EIT-based tactile interface discerns external pressures to a submillimeter degree and vertical deformations of a few hundred micrometers. It sustains stable functions under external damage or environmental changes, confirming its suitability for persistent wearable use. We demonstrate practical applications in real-time HMIs: handwriting recognition and drone control.
Evaluation of a point-of-care multiplex immunochromatographic assay for the diagnosis of typhoid: results from a retrospective diagnostic accuracy study
Authors: Hasan Rumina , Azizullah Zahida , Shams Hina , Dittrich Sabine , Andrews Jason R. , Charles Richelle C. , Esfandiari Javan , Gunasekera Dhammika , Tetteh Kevin K.A. , Sapkota Jyotshna
Published: September 2024

There is a clear medical need for an accurate diagnostic test for typhoid that can be performed at point of care. Two antigens (lipopolysaccharide [LPS] and hemolysin E [HlyE]) have recently been identified that can distinguish typhoid from other bacterial infections. Here, we present the results of a diagnostic accuracy study of the Dual Path Platform (DPP) Typhoid assay (Chembio) that detects IgA to both LPS and HlyE using blood culture as the reference standard. This was a retrospective, observational, laboratory study conducted at the Aga Khan University research laboratory, Pakistan, to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the DPP Typhoid assay, using archived frozen serum samples collected during a previous typhoid diagnostic accuracy study (NCT04801602). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy (area under the receptor operating characteristics curve [AUC]) were then assessed using the manufacturer’s and Youden’s optimal thresholds. In total, 385 samples were included in the analysis. Using the manufacturer’s thresholds, the sensitivity, specificity, and AUC were 97.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 94.6–99.2), 65.3% (95% CI 58.5–71.6), and 81.5% (95% CI 75.5–85.3), respectively. At Youden’s optimal threshold, the overall sensitivity of the DPP Typhoid assay was 89.7% and the specificity was 82.2%. In latent class modeling compared with other nine rapid diagnostic tests evaluated from the same cohort sample, the DPP Typhoid assay demonstrated the highest balanced accuracy (89.2%). The DPP Typhoid assay demonstrated a high diagnostic accuracy for typhoid fever. However, further adjustment to new thresholds is recommended to enhance its performance capabilities.

IMPORTANCE

Currently available diagnostic tests for typhoid have several limitations, including low sensitivity and specificity. Dual Path Platform Typhoid assay is a multiplex rapid test that detects IgA antibodies to lipopolysaccharide and hemolysin E antigen. It is considered to have high sensitivity and specificity, and its results were found to be highly correlated with ELISA results. However, very few studies have been conducted to evaluate this test and limited information about the accuracy of this test is present. Hence, this study evaluated the new typhoid test.
Early Cretaceous stress field variations and relationship to intraplate magmatism in the New England portion of the eastern North American margin
Authors: Boemmels J.R. Cooper , Crespi J.M. , Fleming T.H.
Published: September 2024

Shallow mantle processes such as edge-driven convection are thought to play an important role in shaping the passive margin setting. Previous geophysical investigations of northern New England suggest this process is likely operating beneath this portion of the eastern North American margin today. In western Vermont and eastern New York, USA, Early Cretaceous magmatism dated at ca. 140–130 Ma in the Burlington lobe and at ca. 110–100 Ma in the Taconic lobe of the New England–Quebec igneous province may represent the upper crustal expression of edge-driven convection operating beneath the eastern North American margin in the geologic past. This investigation addresses the potential relationship between these two episodes of magmatism and upper crustal deformation in northern New England through paleostress analysis of Early Cretaceous sheet intrusions and mesoscale normal faults, and geochemical analysis of sheet intrusions. The two episodes of magmatism are geochemically similar, display typical characteristics of intraplate alkaline magmatism, and are likely the product of a common source. Paleostress analysis and crosscutting relationships indicate that Burlington lobe magmatism was associated with a subhorizontal N–S extensional stress field, and Taconic lobe magmatism was associated with a subhorizontal NW–SE extensional stress field. Both stress fields represent short-term perturbations to the regional Early Cretaceous subhorizontal NE–SW extensional stress field. Each perturbation coincided with and likely continued following magmatism. The magmatism, geographic and temporal scale of the stress field changes, and return to regional subhorizontal NE–SW extension following these events are consistent with the periodic nature of edge-driven convection and associated small-scale delamination events. This field-based documentation of intraplate magmatism and its association with short-term changes in the stress field improves our understanding of the upper crustal expression of edge-driven convection at passive margins.
Language ability and virtual mental healthcare utilisation among immigrant and refugee youth: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Mohamud Hodan , Toulany Alene , Grandi Sonia M , Altaf Azmina , Fu Longdi , Strauss Rachel , Saunders Natasha Ruth
Published: September 2024

Background and objectives

The widespread adoption of virtual care during the pandemic may not have been uniform across populations, including among paediatric immigrants and refugees. We sought to examine the association between virtual mental healthcare utilisation and immigration factors.

Methods

This population-based cohort study of immigrants and refugees (3–17 years) used linked health administrative databases in Ontario, Canada (March 2020 to December 2021). Exposures included self-reported Canadian language ability (CLA) at arrival and immigration category (economic class, family class and refugee). The primary outcome was the visit modality (inperson/virtual) measured as a rate of physician-based mental healthcare visits. Modified Poisson regression model estimated adjusted rate ratios (aRRs) with 95% CIs.

Results

Among 22 420 immigrants, 12 135 (54%) did not have CLA (economic class: 6310, family class: 2207, refugees: 3618) and 10 285 did (economic class; 6293, family class: 1469, refugees: 2529). The cohort’s mean age (SD) was 12.0 (4.0) years and half (50.3%) were female. Of 71 375 mental health visits, 47 989 (67.2%) were delivered virtually. Compared with economic class immigrants with CLA (referent), refugees with and without CLA had a lower risk of virtual care utilisation (CLA: aRR 0.89, 95% CI 0.86 to 0.93; non-CLA: aRR 0.80, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.83), as did family class immigrants with CLA (aRR 0.96, 95% CI 0.92 to 0.99). No differences in virtual care utilisation were observed among economic class immigrants with CLA and other immigrant groups.

Conclusions

Language ability at arrival and immigration category are associated with virtual mental healthcare utilisation. Whether findings reflect user preference or inequities in accessibility, particularly for refugees and those without CLA at arrival, warrants further study.
Research on child and adolescent health in low- and middle-income countries in 2023–2024
Authors: Duke Trevor
Published: September 2024

Between July 2023 and June 2024, there were 540 publications from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in child and adolescent health in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), identified using a standardised process that has been in use for 21 years. This year, trials addressed a wide range of diseases and conditions impacting the health, development and well-being of children, newborns, adolescents and mothers. The RCTs reflected old, new and neglected problems, the rapidly changing epidemiology and the evolving social and economic circumstances in many countries. They also highlighted local and global priorities in LMICs, as well as environmental factors contributing to poor child health and inequities. The trials tested new and refined treatments, diagnostics, vaccines, holistic management and prevention approaches, and explored many outcomes, including mortality, nutrition, psychosocial measures and development. The studies were conducted in hospitals and primary healthcare clinics, schools and communities. Some studies are of the highest quality, while others fall short. The implications are many, including the need for greater capacity for discriminating synthesis and translation of evidence at a national and local level in many LMICs. This involves resourcing and educational components, with implications for healthcare worker training in research translation, quality improvement and learning health systems. Paediatricians and child health nurses everywhere have a role to play.
Emerging fusion-associated mesenchymal tumours: a tabular guide and appraisal of five ‘novel’ entities
Authors: Moodley Jinesa , Chebib Ivan
Published: September 2024

Aims

The field of molecular pathology has undergone significant advancements in the clinical impact of sarcoma diagnosis, resulting in challenges to nosology of bone and soft tissue tumours. The surge in molecular data has led to the identification of novel fusions and description of new ‘entities’. To illustrate this, we have selected five emerging entities with novel fusions: clear cell stromal tumour of the lung withYAP1::TFE3fusion,GAB1::ABL1fusion spindle cell neoplasm,NUTM1-rearranged sarcomas,NR1D1-rearranged sarcomas and calcified chondroid mesenchymal neoplasms.

Methods

Literature for the relevant case reports and case series of these five entities were reviewed and clinicopathological data was collected. Additionally, this review includes a table format of recently described fusion-associated mesenchymal neoplasms.

Results

The morphological and immunohistochemical features, along with diagnostic challenges, are discussed for each entity.

Conclusions

Here, we have provided a review of selected emerging mesenchymal neoplasms, which of these neoplasms will meet the threshold to be ‘new entities’ remains to be determined.
Extraction and classification of structured data from unstructured hepatobiliary pathology reports using large language models: a feasibility study compared with rules-based natural language processing
Authors: Geevarghese Ruben , Sigel Carlie , Cadley John , Chatterjee Subrata , Jain Pulkit , Hollingsworth Alex , Chatterjee Avijit , Swinburne Nathaniel , Bilal Khawaja Hasan , Marinelli Brett
Published: September 2024

Aims

Structured reporting in pathology is not universally adopted and extracting elements essential to research often requires expensive and time-intensive manual curation. The accuracy and feasibility of using large language models (LLMs) to extract essential pathology elements, for cancer research is examined here.

Methods

Retrospective study of patients who underwent pathology sampling for suspected hepatocellular carcinoma and underwent Ytrrium-90 embolisation. Five pathology report elements of interest were included for evaluation. LLMs (Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) 3.5 turbo and GPT-4) were used to extract elements of interest. For comparison, a rules-based, regular expressions (REGEX) approach was devised for extraction. Accuracy for each approach was calculated.

Results

88 pathology reports were identified. LLMs and REGEX were both able to extract research elements with high accuracy (average 84.1%–94.8%).

Conclusions

LLMs have significant potential to simplify the extraction of research elements from pathology reporting, and therefore, accelerate the pace of cancer research.
Interleukin 6 plasma levels are associated with progression of coronary plaques
Authors: Kraaijenhof Jordan M , Nurmohamed Nick S , Tzolos Evangelos , Meah Mo , Geers Jolien , Kaiser Yannick , Kroon Jeffrey , Hovingh G Kees , Stroes Erik S G , Dweck Marc R
Published: September 2024

Background

Inflammation plays a pivotal role in atherogenesis and is a causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Non-invasive coronary CT angiography (CCTA) enables evaluation of coronary plaque phenotype. This study investigates the relationship between a comprehensive panel of inflammatory markers and short-term plaque progression on serial CCTA imaging, hypothesising that inflammation is associated with increased plaque volume.

Methods

A total of 161 patients aged ≥40 years with stable multivessel coronary artery disease were included, who underwent CCTA at baseline and 12 months follow-up. Baseline plasma levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and other inflammatory markers were measured. Plaque volumes were assessed using semiautomated software, calculating total, noncalcified, calcified and low-attenuation noncalcified plaque volumes. Linear regression models, adjusted for ASSIGN score, segment involvement score and body mass index, evaluated associations between inflammatory markers and plaque volume changes.

Results

The mean±SD age was 65.4±8.4 years, with 129 (80.6%) male participants. Baseline total plaque volume was 1394 (1036, 1993) mm³. After 12 months, total plaque volume changed by 78 (−114, 244) mm³. IL-6 levels were associated with a 4.9% increase in total plaque volume (95% CI: 0.9 to 8.9, p=0.018) and a 4.8% increase in noncalcified plaque volume (95% CI: 0.7 to 8.9, p=0.022). No significant associations were observed for other inflammatory markers.

Conclusions

Plasma IL-6 levels are significantly associated with increased total and noncalcified short-term plaque progression in patients with stable coronary artery disease. This supports the potential of IL-6 as a target for reducing plaque progression and cardiovascular risk.
Impact of refuge island in two-lane roads on pedestrian crossing behavior: a virtual reality study
Authors: Faizan ul Haq Muhammad , Iryo-Asano Miho , Alhajyaseen Wael , Samson Christian J. R. , Zhu Hong
Published: September 2024

Crashes involving pedestrians are particularly common at unsignalized mid-block crosswalks, where, sometimes, vehicles do not yield to pedestrians. A refuge island (RI) is a countermeasure at mid-block crosswalks on two-lane roads to improve safety in pedestrian–vehicle conflicts. This study investigates the impact of RI at unsignalized mid-block crosswalks on pedestrian crossing behavior and conflict severity, considering vehicle approach speed and approach direction. A virtual reality experiment was designed to compare pedestrian crossing behaviors in different scenarios. Results revealed that at higher vehicle approaching speeds, pedestrians tended to accept shorter gaps, leading to a higher rate of unsafe crossings. Generally, in RI setting, pedestrians accepted significantly shorter gaps, which increases the operational efficiency of the crosswalk without significantly affecting the severity of conflicts with vehicles. Furthermore, the subjective evaluation of the pedestrians after the experiment clearly indicated their preference for the RI setting, as they reported a safer crossing experience.
Low energy dark matter searches
Authors: Diamond Miriam , Giroux Guillaume , Hong Ziqing , Savvidis Georgios
Published: September 2024

This paper summarizes the motivations and challenges for direct detection experiments aimed at dark matter particles with masses below the GeV scale. Two such experiments with large Canadian contributions, currently operating or under construction at SNOLAB, are discussed in detail: SuperCDMS, which employs cryogenic semiconductor crystals, and NEWS-G, which employs noble gas spherical detectors. Finally, we highlight recent efforts to investigate sharply rising event rates below a few hundred eV, in excess of expectations from existing background models, that have been observed in multiple direct detection experiments.
Excitation energies of 21+ and 41+ states of neutron-deficient U and Pu isotopes
Authors: Malov L. A. , Shirikova N. Y. , Jolos R. V. , Kolganova E. A.
Published: September 2024

The microscopic variant of the Grodzins relation and the Quasiparticle Phonon Model are applied to predict the excitation energies of the [Formula: see text] states of neutron-deficient U and Pu isotopes. The P-factor systematics is used to determine the quadrupole deformation of nuclei under consideration. The excitation energies of the [Formula: see text] states are predicted based on the simple universal anharmonic vibrator-type relation.
DYNAMICS OF A PREY–PREDATOR MODEL: UNTANGLING THE ROLE OF FEAR-INDUCED ALLEE EFFECT, PREY REFUGE, AND GROUP DEFENSE
Authors: TRIPATHI JAI PRAKASH , BHURIA SHRICHAND , YADAV SHIVAM , TIWARI SATISH KUMAR , TRIPATHI DEEPAK , TIWARI VANDANA
Published: September 2024

Ecological systems often exhibit complex dynamics due to interactions between predator and prey species, which can be influenced by both direct predation and indirect effects like fear and population thresholds. We introduce a predator–prey model that incorporates non-consumptive effects such as the Allee effect, group defense, and prey refuge. These non-consumptive effects are triggered by predator fear, along with a predator-taxis sensitivity parameter. We explore interactions between fear and defense mechanisms. Our ODE model’s comprehensive mathematical analysis addresses the positivity and boundedness of solutions, species extinction, and the existence and stability of equilibria, including various local bifurcations. We present a one-parameter bifurcation analysis focusing on the Allee parameter and predator-taxis sensitivity. This analysis reveals multiple interior equilibrium points with varying stability, occurrences of saddle-node, transcritical, and Hopf bifurcations, as well as instances of bistability and tristability. We find that a strong Allee effect initially supports species coexistence through tristability. However, beyond a certain threshold, the Allee parameter leads to unsustainable coexistence. Similarly, initial predator sensitivity may encourage coexistence through multiple stable states, but excessive sensitivity makes coexistence infeasible. The outcomes — ranging from complete extinction to predator extinction — depend critically on initial population densities. Further, we delve into the spatial dynamics of the associated reaction–diffusion prey–predator interaction model that incorporates cross-diffusion effects. We establish conditions for stability and Turing instability, validate through numerical simulations. These simulations reveal diverse spatial patterns such as irregular mixtures of spots, and cluster of spots like patterns that underscore the influence of time iteration, cross-diffusion coefficients and the Allee threshold on spatial density distribution of species.
Vibration Response Analysis of Multilayer Functionally Graded Graphene Platelet-Reinforced Composite Cylindrical Shell Under Moving Random Loads
Authors: Li Zhen , Wang Qingshan , Yang Qing , Qin Bin
Published: September 2024

This paper proposed a theoretical model for analyzing the vibration responses of multilayer functionally graded graphene platelet-reinforced composite (FG-GPLRC) cylindrical shell under moving random loads. Four GPLs distributed patterns and two ways of moving random load are taken into account. The proposed model is established by employing differential quadrature finite element method (DQFEM) combined with pseudo excitation method (PEM) and is solved by utilizing Newmark-[Formula: see text] method in the framework of first-order shear deformation shell theory (FSDST). The general boundary conditions of FG-GPLRC cylindrical shell structure are simulated by adopting the penalty function method. The effective material properties of multilayer FG-GPLRC cylindrical shell are derived based on the modified Halpin–Tsai model and mixture rule. Then, the convergence, accuracy, universality and robustness of the established model are verified by comparing the presented results with the corresponding results coming from finite element simulation software (ABAQUS and COMSOL) and the open literature. Finally, the influences of material parameters including the distribution pattern and weight fraction of GPLRC, structure parameters and the velocity and way of moving random load on the vibration response of multilayer FG-GPLRC cylindrical shell structure subjected to moving random loads are investigated systematically. This research can provide the theoretical basis for evaluating the vibration response of multilayer FG-GPLRC cylindrical shell structure subjected to moving random loads.
Dynamic Behaviors of Composite-Laminated Concentrically Stiffened Rectangular Plates by Substructure Modal Synthesis
Authors: Guo Chenchen , Wang Qingshan , Liu Tao , Qin Bin
Published: September 2024

Existing numerical analysis methods often incur high computational costs when directly solving multi-degree-of-freedom systems due to computer capacity limitations. To address this issue, this paper took the composite laminated concentrically stiffened rectangular plate as the research object. The modal synthesis method was employed to reduce the degrees of freedom of the model, enabling the solution of complex dynamic characteristics. In the research process, the domain decomposition theory was used to divide the research object into plate and rib substructures. Based on the spectral Chebyshev method, the substructure dynamic model of the composite laminated rectangular plate was constructed. Subsequently, the function expressions of the complex load excitation on each substructure were derived, and the fixed modal synthesis method was introduced to construct the spectral Chebyshev reduced model of the substructures. According to the artificial spring theory equivalent, the interface force, and the whole reduction model of the composite laminated concentrically stiffened rectangular plate were obtained by assembling the substructure models. The time–domain and frequency–domain dynamic behaviors of composite laminated concentrically stiffened rectangular plates are yielded by solving the whole reduced model. The novelty of this work lies in combining the spectral Chebyshev method with the modal synthesis method. The established reduced model no longer depended on mesh quality and required fewer matrix dimensions and computation time compared to the whole model, while still achieving sufficiently accurate results. Additionally, based on the reduced model, an effective parametric study scheme was proposed to analyze the impact of dimensions and material properties of rib substructures on the dynamic behaviors of the composite laminated concentrically stiffened rectangular plate. These findings can be used to guide the optimal design of laminated concentrically stiffened rectangular plates in engineering practice.
Isolation Performance of the Quasi-Zero Stiffness Isolation System Enhanced by Mixed Tuned Inerter Damper
Authors: Sheng Piao , Zhang Zhenhua , Jing Shuangxi , Zhao Feng
Published: September 2024

The low-frequency isolation performance of the transverse spring-rocker quasi-zero stiffness (QZS) isolation system has been demonstrated. However, the QZS isolation system could encounter a deterioration of the low-frequency isolation performance under strong external excitation, due to the hardening phenomenon of its amplitude-frequency response (AFR). To end this problem, a mixed tuned inerter damper (MTID) which combines the advantages of the tuned inerter damper (TID) and the tuned viscous mass damper (TVMD) is proposed in this research. The analytical solution of the AFR of the MTID-QZS isolation system under harmonic excitation is solved by the harmonic balance method (HBM) and verified by numerical method. Whereafter, the corresponding stability analysis of AFR is conducted, and the force transmissibility (FT) of the MTID-QZS is defined to qualify the isolation performance. The effects of the tuning frequency of MTID, the inertance-to-mass ratio, and damping ratios on AFR and FT are conducted, and optimized parameter combinations are suggested to obtain distinguished ultra-low-frequency isolation performance. The comparison among the MTID-QZS system, TID-QZS system, TVMD-QZS system, and QZS system shows that the MTID-QZS system has obvious advantages in suppressing the low-frequency and high-frequency vibration either under strong or weak external excitation.
Nonlinear Stable Least Trimmed Squares for Regression Models with Stable Errors
Authors: Albasatneh Mohammad Bassam Shiekh , Mohammadpour Adel
Published: September 2024

The common method for estimating nonlinear regression coefficients with Gaussian errors is nonlinear least squares. It is not robust for regression with heavy-tailed errors. The nonlinear least trimmed squares method is an efficient procedure for regression with heavy-tailed errors. We are introducing nonlinear least trimmed squares for the nonlinear regression with non-Gaussian stable errors and estimate the parameters of the stable distributions based on the order statistics. The traditional least trimmed squares regression algorithm is adopted for errors with infinite variance by modifying the trimming procedure. This paper estimated the nonlinear regression coefficients with stable errors through the proposed nonlinear least trimmed squares algorithm based on a new trimming procedure based on the properties of stable order statistics moments. The proposed algorithm was applied to real and simulated datasets and evaluated using a bootstrap standard deviation estimator.
Static and Transient Response Analysis of Arbitrary Laminated Composite and Sandwich Shells by the FSDT Meshless Method
Authors: Chen Wei , Peng Linxin
Published: September 2024

This paper, for the first time, presents a novel meshless method based on the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) and moving-least squares (MLS) approximation to carry out static and transient response analysis on arbitrary laminated and sandwich shell structures. The novelty of the method lies in the implementation of MLS in the curvilinear shell formulation, and the derivation of meshless governing equations on the static and transient response of arbitrary laminated and sandwich shells according to the principle of minimum potential energy and Hamilton’s principle, respectively. The concept of a Convected coordinate system is adopted to deal with arbitrary curvilinear surfaces. Both the position and displacement vectors of shells are approximated by MLS, which is conceptually the same procedure as that in the isoparametric finite element method (FEM). The numerical integration of the stiffness matrices is conducted by the simple Gaussian integral in the Convected coordinate system. Because the moving-least squares (MLS) approximation does not satisfy the Kronecker delta condition, the full transformation method is used to modify the meshless governing equations. Numerical examples are calculated to investigate the static and transient response analysis of laminated and sandwich structures with different geometrical shell shapes, including square plates, spherical shells, doubly-curved shells, and cylindrical shells. The numerical tests show that the proposed method is reliable, and robust and produces accurate results compared to the analytical and numerical solutions taken from the previous literature.
Prediction of National Innovation Using Data Scientific Approach
Authors: Chung Doohee , Lee Chan Gyu , Seo Shinseong
Published: September 2024

Countries have traditionally relied on various innovation measures to plan national-wise strategies and analysis, which hinders their ability to take proactive actions beforehand. This study introduces an advanced model for predicting national innovativeness using machine learning techniques. Utilizing a comprehensive dataset that includes 1,410 observation points and 20 variables from 141 countries spanning from 2011 to 2020, the data were sourced from the World Bank Open Data, Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) and Global Innovation Index (GII). The proposed model employs machine learning algorithms such as regression tree, random forest, support vector machine and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and benchmarks their performance against the traditional linear regression analysis method. The findings reveal that all five machine learning models significantly outperform the traditional linear regression model in terms of correlation, root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE), with XGBoost demonstrating superior performance. The XGBoost analysis highlights university and industry research collaboration, knowledge workers and logistics performance as the most critical variables influencing national innovativeness. This research not only presents a robust predictive model leveraging machine learning but also contributes to theoretical advancements by uncovering previously overlooked variables, offering new insights and practical implications for enhancing national innovation strategies.
On Domination and Related Concepts of Multidimensional Fuzzy Graphs and Their Applications
Authors: Josen Jomal , John Sunil Jacob
Published: September 2024

Domination and its associated concepts are significant ideas in fuzzy graph theory that have applications in diverse fields such as neural networks, game theory, and telecommunication. This study presents the notions of dominance and its associated research in a broader form of fuzzy graph called the multidimensional fuzzy graph. Basic results, such as the relationship between these parameters and vertices, edges, minimal sets, and so forth, are identified and illustrated with appropriate examples. The dominance number of multidimensional fuzzy graphs is determined after undergoing operations such as direct product, tensor product, composition, join, and others. Ultimately, this study displays a decision-making problem that can be efficiently addressed by utilizing the concept of the dominance number. The effectiveness of this approach is then compared to various models, like [Formula: see text]-polar fuzzy sets.
Toxicity of Yttrium-Doped Cerium Nanocomposite in Drosophila Melanogaster
Authors: Saha Anisha , Venkatasubbu G. Devanand , Sheik Mohideen Sahabudeen
Published: September 2024

Cerium oxide (CeO[Formula: see text] and yttrium oxide (Y2O[Formula: see text] nanoparticles possess interesting surface properties and interfacial interactions that make them attractive candidates for various applications. This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the synthesis and toxicity assessment of yttrium-doped cerium oxide (Ce-Y) nanocomposite using a combination of analytical techniques and biological assays. The nanocomposite was characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), electron microscopy imaging, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential measurements to elucidate their structural, optical and physicochemical properties. The synthesized nanocomposite exhibited distinctive absorption spectra and precise alignment of diffraction peaks, confirming the successful incorporation of yttrium ions into the cerium oxide lattice. Electron microscopy images revealed well-dispersed yttrium particles within the ceria matrix, indicating uniform distribution and morphology. DLS and zeta potential analysis provided insights into the size distribution and stability of the nanocomposite. Furthermore, in vivo toxicity assessment using Drosophila melanogaster model revealed no significant toxicity of Ce:Y nanocomposite, as evidenced by survival assay and behavioral assays. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were also evaluated, demonstrating no discernible nanoparticle-induced toxicity. Overall, this study highlights the potential applications of Ce:Y nanocomposite and underscores the importance of comprehensive toxicity evaluation in nanomaterial development.
Damage Mechanism of Subsurface of FeCoNiCrAl High-Entropy Alloys B ased on Molecular Dynamics Simulation Under Different Temperature
Authors: Zhang Ping , Zhang Jinlong , Zhou Hanping , Sun Yajie , Yue Xiujie
Published: September 2024

This study investigates how thermal conditions affect the nanomachining of FeCoNiCrAl high-entropy alloys, using molecular dynamics simulations at 100[Formula: see text]K, 150[Formula: see text]K and 200[Formula: see text]K. Key findings include a direct relationship between stress intensification and machining velocity at all temperatures, with stress concentrating at intergranular boundaries. At subsonic speeds ([Formula: see text]200[Formula: see text]m/s), stress inversely correlates with temperature, while at supersonic speeds ([Formula: see text]200[Formula: see text]m/s), stress increases with temperature. Incremental cutting depths affect chip morphology, with chips at 150[Formula: see text]K being 1.38 times thicker than at 200K. Minimum machining forces were 94.5[Formula: see text]Nn, 101.2[Formula: see text]Nn and 92.5Nn along [100], and 87.3[Formula: see text]Nn, 85.3[Formula: see text]Nn and 86.1[Formula: see text]Nn along [001]. Dislocation densities showed higher values at lower temperatures, with peak 1/2 [Formula: see text] densities at 100[Formula: see text]K being 1.43 and 1.45 times greater than at 150[Formula: see text]K and 200[Formula: see text]K, respectively.
Thermal Strategy Optimization for Tailored Cobalt Oxide Nanofibers: Composition and Morphology Control
Authors: Barakat Nasser A. M. , Tayeb Aghareed M. , Hamad Rahma , Hefny Rasha A.
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the effect of thermal treatment on the composition and morphology of cobalt oxide nanofibers synthesized via electrospinning. Cobalt acetate tetrahydrate and poly (vinyl alcohol) were used as precursors to produce cobalt acetate/poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofiber mats. The electrospun mats were subjected to various thermal treatments, including calcination in air at 500[Formula: see text]C, calcination under argon at 700[Formula: see text]C and 850[Formula: see text]C and treatment with water gas (CO and H[Formula: see text] at 180[Formula: see text]C. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were employed to characterize the nanofibers. The results demonstrated that the polycondensation tendency of cobalt acetate and the supportive properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) led to the maintenance of nanofibrous morphology across all thermal treatments. Calcination in air produced dense, highly crystalline Co3O4 nanofibers. In contrast, calcination under argon at 700[Formula: see text]C resulted in an amorphous carbon matrix embedded with small cobalt-based nanoparticles, while at 850[Formula: see text]C, the nanofibers contained larger, highly crystalline cobalt nanoparticles. Thermal treatment with water gas transformed the nanofibers into nano-belts primarily composed of crystalline CoO and Co3O4, with minimal amorphous phase. This study highlights the critical influence of thermal treatment on the structural and compositional properties of cobalt-based nanofibers, offering insights for tailoring these materials for applications in catalysis, energy storage and electronic devices. The findings emphasize the potential of controlled thermal strategies to produce diverse cobalt-based nanostructures with distinct properties.
Heat Transfer Assessment of Magnetized Tangent Hyperbolic Fluid Flow Through Porous Disk Using LWCM: Application in Solar Thermal Power Plant
Authors: Bartwal Priya , Upreti Himanshu , Pandey Alok Kumar
Published: September 2024

The application of fluid flow through a rotating disk in a solar thermal power plant can help in increasing energy production, reduce costs, and improve the overall efficiency of the system. The concentrated solar power (CSP) technology can help in assisting solar energy for sustainable power generation. This work explores the heat transfer assessment of magnetized tangent hyperbolic fluid flowing over a porous rotating disk under the effects of thermal radiation, convective heating, Ohmic heating and viscous dissipation. The solution of transformed ODEs is obtained by the Legendre wavelet collocation method (LWCM). To visualize the impact of acting variables, the results are portrayed by graphs and tables. From the outcomes, it is noted that the rate of heat transfer is enhanced up to 84.79% with an increase in radiation parameter. Moreover, the radial velocity enhances as the rotation parameter is accelerated. The dual behavior in temperature outlines is obtained due to escalated values of the porosity parameter. For the validation of the present results, a tabular comparison is shown with earlier work.
Global attractivity of tick population dynamics model with patch structure and multiple time-varying delays
Authors: Long Zhiwen , Zheng Ao , Wang Qian
Published: September 2024

The impact of multiple time delays and the variation of populations between patches make population dynamics research more realistic and challenging. The main goal of this work is to study the effect of delay on the asymptotic behavior of tick population dynamics model with patch structure and multiple time-varying delays. We make use of the fluctuation lemma and inequality techniques to tackle the positivity, persistence and the global attractivity of the considered high-dimensional system. Finally, we give an example with three numerical simulations to verify that our theoretical results are completely new and complement some earlier existing ones. Our work is conducive to further understanding the more complex laws of tick population dynamics.
Nutrient-sensitive blue carbon dynamics model: A stochastic model for climate changes mitigation strategies
Authors: Ain Qura Tul , Wang JinRong , Debbouche Amar
Published: September 2024

In light of the pressing issue of climate change and escalating global carbon emissions, this study investigates the efficacy of blue carbon ecosystems — namely, mangroves, sea-grasses, and tidal marshes — in carbon sequestration and climate mitigation. Focused on formulating actionable strategies, we examine these ecosystems’ capacity to serve as natural carbon sinks under nutrient stress conditions. Utilizing a sophisticated mathematical model that incorporates both deterministic and stochastic elements, we simulate the carbon and nitrogen cycling within these ecosystems to capture the complexity and variability of natural processes. Our equilibrium analysis identifies critical thresholds at which these ecosystems optimally function as carbon sinks. Furthermore, our sensitivity analysis highlights key parameters such as nutrient availability and hydrodynamic conditions that significantly influence these thresholds. Results indicate that management practices focusing on nutrient regulation could enhance the carbon sequestration potential of these ecosystems. The insights derived from this research not only deepen our understanding of the role of blue carbon in climate mitigation but also offer concrete recommendations for policymakers and conservationists to optimize these natural resources in combating global warming.
Influence of nanoparticles on the spatiotemporal dynamics of phytoplankton–zooplankton interaction system
Authors: Pareek Surabhi , Baghel Randhir Singh
Published: September 2024

In this work, we study the Nanoparticles (NPs) impact on a phytoplankton–zooplankton interaction model with Ivlev-like and Holling type-II functional responses. We found that the growth rate of phytoplankton reduces due to NPs. In the non-spatial model, we investigated boundedness, stability, bifurcation and chaos. The stability criteria is determined using the Routh–Hurwitz criterion. Hopf bifurcation is demonstrated with parameter [Formula: see text], which represents the NPs carrying capacity while interacting with phytoplankton. The normal theory is used to examine the Hopf bifurcation direction and the stability of bifurcating periodic solutions. Moreover, the stability of non-hyperbolic equilibrium points have been determined using the Center Manifold theorem. Also, the parameter [Formula: see text], which represents the interaction rate between NPs and phytoplankton, exhibits chaotic behavior. Furthermore, we also investigated Hopf bifurcation and Turing instability in spatial model systems. This study demonstrates that NPs can influence the dynamics of the system in a balanced environment.
Who Provides Credit in Times of Crisis? Evidence from the Auto Loan Market
Authors: Canals-Cerdá José J. , Lee Brian Jonghwan
Published: September 2024

We examine the contribution of different lending channels to the auto loan market in times of crisis. Specifically, we explore lending from traditional banks, credit unions, and finance companies (nonbanks) over the past two decades, with an emphasis on the Great Recession and the COVID-19 pandemic. We find that banks provided weak support during the pandemic, thus losing market share and continuing the trend that emerged following the Great Recession. Nonbank market share during this period grew most significantly for subprime borrowers and in counties with stronger bank dependence. Survey evidence suggests that a tightening in banks’ lending standards may have contributed to this trend. These findings contrast with the experience during the Great Recession, when banks contributed the most resilient credit to the auto loan market. Our paper highlights nonbanks’ increasing role in the auto loan market in times of crisis, particularly for the subprime segment.
A World in Transition: Rethinking the Current Global Order
Authors: Zarif Mohammad Javad , Karimi Sasan
Published: September 2024

Over the past three decades, the world has experienced significant turbulence, shaped by conflicts, global transformations, and crises within the international community. The end of the Cold War disrupted a long-established order, leaving both policymakers and scholars in uncharted territory. During the Cold War, international relations were more predictable, offering a stable framework for strategic analysis. In the aftermath, a wave of activity in the United States — fueled by a sense of victory — sought to redefine the future. This effort went beyond physical actions, extending into research institutions, think tanks, and academia, all striving to chart new courses in both practice and theory. Yet, the rapid pace of change and the fluid nature of the global landscape led to numerous missteps and misjudgments, affecting both major and middle powers to varying degrees. This paper examines the consequences of these intellectual efforts and the transitional phase that followed. It explores the defining features of this period and the forces that have shaped it. By shedding light on these dynamics, the paper aims to equip policymakers and scholars with the insights needed to better understand and influence the emerging international order. The ultimate goal is to foster a practical understanding of the challenges and opportunities ahead, helping navigate the complexities of the evolving global landscape.
A Study on the Impact of Water Resource Tax on Urban Water Ecological Resilience
Authors: Guo Bingnan , Hu Peiji , Lin Ji
Published: September 2024

Urban water ecology has important ecological functions, such as urban ecological security, pollution purification and rain-flood regulation. Enhancing urban water ecological resilience (UWER) is a key approach to advancing urban water ecological governance, and a water resource tax (WRT) is an important measure for protecting the water ecological environment. On the basis of data from 264 prefecture-level cities and above from 2009 to 2021, this paper constructs an indicator to measure UWER and analyzes the impact of a WRT on UWER via the time-varying DID model. The study reveals that the implementation of a WRT significantly enhances UWER, but the effect shows diminishing marginal returns and insignificant long-term effects. However, spatial analysis indicates that a WRT has a positive spatial spillover effect on urban water ecology, enhancing the UWER of surrounding cities. Additionally, the heterogeneity analysis of different cities indicates that a WRT has a notably stronger impact on cities located on provincial borders, resource-based cities and small- to medium-sized cities. This study provides a new perspective on improving UWER and offers important references for further improving WRT policies.
Mayer-Homology Learning Prediction of Protein-Ligand Binding Affinities
Authors: Feng Hongsong , Shen Li , Liu Jian , Wei Guo-Wei
Published: September 2024

Artificial intelligence-assisted drug design is revolutionizing the pharmaceutical industry. Effective molecular features are crucial for accurate machine learning predictions, and advanced mathematics plays a key role in designing these features. Persistent homology theory, which equips topological invariants with persistence, provides valuable insights into molecular structures. The standard homology theory is based on a differential rule for the boundary operator that satisfies [Formula: see text] = 0. Our recent work has extended this rule by employing Mayer homology with generalized differentials that satisfy [Formula: see text] = 0 for [Formula: see text] 2, leading to the development of persistent Mayer homology (PMH) theory and richer topological information across various scales. In this study, we utilize PMH to create a novel multiscale topological vectorization for molecular representation, offering valuable tools for descriptive and predictive analyses in molecular data and machine learning prediction. Specifically, benchmark tests on established protein-ligand datasets, including PDBbind-v2007, PDBbind-v2013, and PDBbind-v2016, demonstrate the superior performance of our Mayer homology models in predicting protein-ligand binding affinities.
A rational function quantum equivalence relation on the set of all prime numbers
Authors: Nguyen Lan
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we prove new results which make it possible to vastly simplify solution of the problem of Nathanson concerning the enlargement of support bases and thus of the corresponding semigroup supports of rational function solutions to the quantum functional equations arising from multiplication of quantum integers. In particular, we establish a certain quantum equivalence relation on the set of all prime numbers which encodes the symmetry of these solutions and thus solve a problem which simplify in crucial ways the criteria for the problem posed by Nathanson concerning extensions of the support bases of these solutions.