bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efeito do tratamento térmico de alívio de tensão e do preaquecimento na microestrutura e microdureza da interface entre depósitos de inconel 625 e aços AISI 8630M e AISI 4130
Authors: Batista Valmir Rodrigues , Pereira Endira Maria Araújo , Fraga Ramon da Cunha Fonseca , Maciel Theophilo Moura
Published: March 2021

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de tratamento térmico de alívio de tensão (TTAT) e das temperaturas de preaquecimento e de interpasse sobre a microestrutura, presença de zonas parcialmente diluídas (ZPD), a microdureza e o gradiente de composição ao longo da interface de depósitos da liga AWS E NiCrMo 3 sobre os aços AISI 8630M e AISI 4130 aplicados por dois processos de soldagem (GMAW e PTA-P). Para isto foram executadas camadas sobrepostas de cordões de solda, utilizando diferentes temperaturas de preaquecimento e de interpasse. Os processos de soldagem utilizados foram os processos MIG e Plasma Pó (PTA-P). Em seguida, as interfaces dos depósitos foram submetidas às análises de composição química via EDS, às análises metalográficas por via ótica e eletrônica e a ensaios de microdureza O aumento da temperatura de preaquecimento e de interpasse resultou em maior refino dos grãos da zona termicamente afetada dos aços (ZTA) do primeiro passe, em um aumento da microdureza na ZTA, e em uma maior migração de Fe do substrato para a camada aplicada. Foi verificada uma menor diversidade e frequência de incidência de ZPD nos depósitos executados pelo processo Plasma Pó, enquanto que nos depósitos executados com o processo MIG foram encontradas ZPD do tipo descontínua, com diferentes morfologias. A aplicação do TTAT resultou em redução significativa nos valores de microdureza em todos os casos.
Calibration of Concrete Damaged Plasticity Model parameters for shear walls
Authors: Silva Leonardo Martins e , Christoforo André Luis , Carvalho Roberto Chust
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT Reinforced concrete structures are relatively complex to analyze, with nonlinear effects like cracking, crushing, steel yielding, aggregate interlock, dowel effect, concrete-rebar interaction and so on. The concrete damaged plasticity CDP model is a consolidated smeared-crack model which accounts for multiaxial behavior with good agreement to experimental results. One particular relevant application which benefits greatly from such feature is the shear wall, as shear stress significantly influences its overall behavior, therefore multiaxial constitutive models and three-dimensional finite elements usage consist in a fitting modeling approach. Reinforced concrete shear walls are structures especially useful for lateral force-resisting systems, as they provide ductility, stiffness and strength. Albeit CDP is widely applied, its parameters are not consensus in the literature, which represents a relevant research gap. The present work considers and compares CDP parameters from relevant literature, in order to calibrate those parameters for the case of reinforced concrete shear walls. To this purpose, four wall experiments related in the bibliography are modeled using solid finite elements for concrete and trusses for rebars using commercial package ABAQUS. All walls are flexure-controlled with aspect ratio greater than 2.0. By varying those parameters and comparing obtained force vs. displacement curves and interesting values attained, like yield lateral force and displacement, stiffness and maximum lateral force, it is settled a set of parameters with acceptable response focusing in the post-peak response based on the lower estimated error of displacement capacity. Those parameters agree reasonably with literature, although it is possible that obtained calibration is restricted to flexure controlled shear walls scope. It is possible that usage of trusses to represent reinforcement does not consider dowel effect, so a suggestion for future studies is to change trusses for elements with transverse stiffness, like beams or solids.
In silico and in vitro evaluation of primers for molecular differentiation of Leishmania species
Authors: Trigo Beatriz Batista , Oliveira-Rovai Fernanda Muller de , Milanesi Marco , Ito Pier Kenji Rauschkolb Katsuda , Utsunomiya Yuri Tani , Lopes Flávia Lombardi , Paulan Silvana de Cássia , Nunes Cáris Maroni
Published: March 2021

Abstract Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease caused by over 20 species of protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. Infection is commonly spread by sandflies and produces a wide spectrum of clinical signs and symptoms. Therefore, from an epidemiological and therapeutic standpoint, it is important to detect and differentiate Leishmania spp. The objective of this study was to combinate in silico and in vitro strategies to evaluate the analytical specificity of primers previously described in the literature. According to electronic PCR (e-PCR) analysis, 23 out of 141 pairs of primers selected through literature search matched their previously reported analytical specificity. In vitro evaluation of nine of these primer pairs by quantitative PCR (qPCR) confirmed the analytical specificity of five of them at the level of Leishmania spp., L. mexicana complex or Leishmania and Viannia subgenera. Based on these findings, the combination of e-PCR and qPCR is suggested to be a valuable approach to maximize the specificity of new primer pairs for the laboratory diagnosis of infections with Leishmania spp.
Description of a new species of Engraulicola George 1960 (Monogenea: Gastrocotylidae) parasitizing gills of Chloroscombrus chrysurus (Carangidae) from Veracruz, southern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Montoya-Mendoza Jesús , Salgado-Maldonado Guillermo , Okolodkov Yuri
Published: March 2021

Abstract Engraulicola lamothei n. sp. (Monogenea: Gastrocotylidae) is described from the gills of Chloroscombrus chrysurus (Teleostei: Carangidae) from Veracruz, southern Gulf of Mexico. This monogenean is 1110-1670 (1328) µm long and 260-550 (363) µm wide. The haptor is asymmetrical, the long side has several clamps (35-42), and the short side has a single clamp; the posterior end has a small lappet armed with two dissimilar pairs of hooks. Male and female genital pores open near the anterior body end; the male genital pore is ventral, armed with a corona of 12 spines; the female pore is dorsal and unarmed. The new species differs from Engraulicola forcipopenis George, 1960 and from Engraulicola micropharyngella Unnithan, 1967 by lacking a pair of pointed forceps-like spines at the end of the penis amid the corona spines, and from Engraulicola thrissocles Tripathi, 1959 by the number of clamps on both sides, the number the hook pairs on the terminal lappet and the testis number. This is the first record of the genus Engaulicola George, 1960 on the Atlantic West Coast.
Identification and Characterization of the ATG8, a Marker of Eimeria tenella Autophagy
Authors: Qi Nanshan , Liao Shenquan , Li Juan , Wu Caiyan , Lv Minna , Liu Yunqiu , Mohiuddin Mudassar , Lin Xuhui , Hu Junjing , Cai Haiming , Yu Linzeng , Xiao Wenwan , Sun Mingfei , Li Guoqing
Published: March 2021

Abstract Autophagy plays an important role in maintaining cell homeostasis through degradation of denatured proteins and other biological macromolecules. In recent years, many researchers focus on mechanism of autophagy in apicomplexan parasites, but little was known about this process in avian coccidia. In our present study. The cloning, sequencing and characterization of autophagy-related gene (Etatg8) were investigated by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR), western blotting (WB), indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFAs) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. The results have shown 375-bp ORF of Etatg8, encoding a protein of 124 amino acids in E. tenella, the protein structure and properties are similar to other apicomplexan parasites. RT-qPCR revealed Etatg8 gene expression during four developmental stages in E. tenella, but their transcriptional levels were significantly higher at the unsporulated oocysts stage. WB and IFA showed that EtATG8 was lipidated to bind the autophagosome membrane under starvation or rapamycin conditions, and aggregated in the cytoplasm of sporozoites and merozoites, however, the process of autophagosome membrane production can be inhibited by 3-methyladenine. In conclusion, we found that E. tenella has a conserved autophagy mechanism like other apicomplexan parasites, and EtATG8 can be used as a marker for future research on autophagy targeting avian coccidia.
Molecular investigation of Toxoplasma gondii in oysters (Crassostrea spp.) sold on beaches in the State of Pará, Brazil
Authors: Rosário Marcely Karen Santos do , Silva Jacqueline , Melo Hugo Filipe Rodrigues , Monteiro Thamillys Rayssa Marques , Costa Davi Ribeiro da , Scofield Alessandra , Moraes Carla Cristina Guimarães de
Published: March 2021

Abstract The aim of this study was to detect Toxoplasma gondii DNA in oysters (Crassostrea spp.) sold on seven beaches in the State of Pará, Brazil. According to the National Program for Hygiene and Sanitary Control of Bivalve Mollusks, 100 g of the edible part of mollusks is required to analyze contaminating microorganisms. In this study, 12 oysters were assumed to be equivalent to 100 g of edible parts when preparing each pooled sample. In total, 360 oysters were purchased from 30 vendors. From groups of 12 oysters purchased per vendor, 60 pooled samples were obtained, comprising 30 gill tissues and 30 gastrointestinal tracts. For molecular analysis, nested-PCR was conducted to amplify a 155-base-pair product of the B1 gene from T. gondii. All analyzed samples were negative for T. gondii. Our findings indicate that the oyster samples sold on the beaches in the State of Pará were not contaminated by T. gondii.
A Comparison of Different Approaches to the Conversion of Carbon Dioxide into Useful Products: Part II
Authors: Alcasabas Annette , Ellis Peter R. , Malone Iain , Williams Gareth , Zalitis Chris
Published: March 2021

In this review, we consider a range of different technological approaches to carbon dioxide conversion, their current status and the molecules which each approach is best suited to making. Part II presents the photochemical, photoelectrochemical, plasma and microbial electrosynthetic routes to CO2 reduction and discusses the technological options together with proposals for future research needs from an industry perspective.
Time Will Reverse. Theaterhistoriografische Überlegungen zu Ontroerend Goeds A History of Everything
Authors: Wehrle Annika
Published: March 2021

Performance, Theater, Geschichte, Historiografie, Ontroerend Goed
International Festival Aesthetics
Authors: Portmann Alexandra
Published: March 2021

Gespräch mit Alexander Devriendt, Joeri Smet und Barbara Gronau
Das Zürcher Theater Spektakel 1980–2015. Der Mikrokosmos auf der Landiwiese
Authors: Beghetto Selina , Bonderer Myrtha , Schai Noemi
Published: March 2021

Wen es während der letzten zwei Augustwochen auf die Zürcher Landiwiese verschlägt, der betritt eine andere Welt: Riesige Zirkuszelte, kulinarische Düfte aus aller Welt, kleine und große Bühnen, Gaukler_innen und Straßenkünstler_innen und Jahr für Jahr verschiedene Installationen und Bauten empfangen die Besucher_innen des Zürcher Theater Spektakels. »Zürichs fünfte Jahreszeit« (Zürcher Theater Spektakel 1998) ist längst zur sich stets wandelnden und geliebten Tradition geworden. In der Festivalzeit erleben die einen außergewöhnliche Theatermomente, die anderen trinken im Zelt nebenan ihr Feierabendbier. Die Welt rückt für zwei Wochen ganz nahe zusammen – auf eine Wiese am Zürichsee.
Tönerner Ernst – Demokratie als Fiktion
Authors: Koban Ellen
Published: March 2021

Ein Gespräch mit Christophe Meierhans und Friedemann Kreuder (Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz) zu Some use for your broken clay pots
Crossing Borders
Authors: Burger Franziska
Published: March 2021

An Interview with Cristina Galbiati (TricksterP, Novazzano) on Sights
Theaterpublikum – das unbekannte Wesen. Annäherungen an eine vernachlässigte Figur
Authors: Kolesch Doris
Published: March 2021

Nicht erst mit der Performance-Kunst seit den 1960er-Jahren findet eine künstlerische Befragung der Rolle und Funktion des Publikums statt. Das gesamte 20. Jahrhundert ist in den performativen Künsten gekennzeichnet durch eine Erprobung, eine Veränderung und Hinterfragung dessen, was ein Publikum ist und was ein Publikum tun sollte oder auch nicht. So forderte schon Bertolt Brecht eine neue »Zuschaukunst«, wollte Antonin Artaud die Zuschauer_innen in »ein elektrisches Seelenbad, drin der Intellekt periodisch gehärtet wird«, tauchen und transformierte die Performance-Kunst die Zuschauer_innen zu aktiven Teilnehmer_innen und Mitspieler_innen. Diese Erkundung ist noch längst nicht abgeschlossen, wie beispielsweise aktuelle immersive Aufführungsformate zeigen.
Doch trotz der praktischen wie theoretischen Relevanz, die dem Publikum im Theater des 20. und beginnenden 21. Jahrhunderts zukommt, weiß die Theaterwissenschaft relativ wenig über das Publikum und konstruieren aufführungsanalytische Ansätze häufig eine idealisierte Zuschauinstanz. Noch immer gilt mithin für die Theaterwissenschaft, was Dennis Kennedy 2009 in seiner Studie The Spectator and the Spectacle. Audiences in Modernity and Postmodernityvermerkte: Der Zuschauende sei »a pale hypothetical inference in the commentator’s imagination.« Es ist an der Zeit, Theaterwissenschaft auch als Publikumsforschung zu verstehen.
Der Beitrag skizziert an ausgewählten Beispielen aus der Theater- und Performancegeschichte vom 18. bis zum 21. Jahrhundert wesentliche Veränderungen des Verhältnisses zwischen theatralem Geschehen und Publikum sowie unterschiedliche Konzepte und Praktiken theatraler Wahrnehmung. Auf dieser Grundlage werden Perspektiven einer theaterwissenschaftlichen Publikumsforschung umrissen.
»Charity is too easy«
Authors: Burger Franziska , Schütz Theresa
Published: March 2021

An Interview with Seth Honnor and Olivia Winteringham ( Kaleider) on The Money
Lust auf Nachhaltigkeit
Authors: Hochholdinger-Reiterer Beate
Published: March 2021

Ein Gespräch mit Nicolette Kretz, Leiterin des AUAWIRLEBEN Theaterfestival Bern und des Internationalen Theaterfestivals Bümpliz-Bethlehem out+about
Measuring physical literacy in Ukraine: developmentof a set of indicators by Delphi method
Authors: Pavlova Iuliia , Petrytsa Petro , Andres Andrii , Osip Nataliia , Khurtenko Oksana , Rudenok Alla , Hotsuliak Natalia , Zlenko Nataliia
Published: March 2021

Introduction: This study aims to outline indicators of physical literacy for Ukrainian student youth, taking into account current international experience and concepts and meeting national specificities of the organization of physical education in higher educational institutions of Ukraine. Methods: 82 individuals were invited to participate in study (face-to-face meeting). The 2-round Delphi method as approach for facilitating group interaction aimed to structure communication process was used to generalize the knowledge and receiving the consensus of expert opinion. Results: The top five of the most important indicators of physical literacy were physical health, physical activity level, participation in fitness activities, ability to conduct morning hygienic gymnastics, physical training break, physical training, gymnastics before classes, individual training session, ability to perform preventive exercises in case of illness. The indicators identified by the experts can be grouped into three separate domains: functional, motivational, cognitive and behavioral. Conclusion: The selected indicators are contextually sensitive for the Ukrainian population. We prioritize approaches that have already been used in daily practice in Ukraine. The set of selected indicators demonstrates that they reflect the structural hierarchy of the “physical literacy” construction. The selected indicators, in particular, correspond to the goals of students’ education, they take into account the list of necessary knowledge, skills and abilities in accordance with the requirements of the Ukrainian program, consider motivation of students, awareness of active lifestyle and sufficient level of physical strain importance for health.
Diversity of scoring, ingenuity of striking, art of flying — conceptual and systematical identification of soccer scoring techniques
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Shan Gongbing , Liu Feng , Yang Shenglai , Meng Mingliang
Published: March 2021

The terms of soccer scoring techniques (SSTs) used in practice and research have been remaining confusing; even dramatic, we still do not know how many SSTs available for the game. This scenario hinders not only the scientific studies on some unique SSTs but also the development of novel coaching methods for learning these SSTs. The current paper aims to bridge the gap by establishing a SST terminology system. The system is built based on goal repeatability, selected anatomical & biomechanical parameters, and analyses of 579 attractive goals from international professional tournaments. The results have revealed that there are 43 SSTs existed in current soccer practice. Some SSTs can be identified by preliminary parameters (i.e. anatomical parameters, the ball vertical position at the shot and the hit-point on the ball), but most of them need additional biomechanical examination on the movement control in frontal & transverse planes, jumping control, and trunk orientation at shots in order to identify uniquely. Further, the new SST terminology has disclosed that soccer attractiveness is linked to the diversity, ingenuity and artistry of shots. The most attractive type of scoring awaited by millions of spectators is aerial shots. Lastly, the most important contribution of the new SST terminology system is to help researchers and practitioners launch target-orientated studies that would provide a practical and convincing scientific coach-method, clear definitions, and means to reevaluate and improve SSTs in practice.
Effect of power on agility, linear speed and change of direction deficit in female soccer players
Authors: Fischerova Patricia , Krosta Roksana , Gołaś Artur , Terbalyan Artur , Nitychoruk Magdalena , Maszczyk Adam
Published: March 2021

Introduction: The aim of the study was to examine relationships between power of the lower limb and agility, speed, and change of direction (COD) deficit in professional female soccer players. Material and methods: Thirty-three elite Polish Extraliga league soccer players (aged 22 ±5 years; body height 166 ± 4 cm; body weight 58 ± 8 kg) performed the following fitness tests: lower limb muscle power (Leg Press, Half Squat, Counter Movement Jump), straight linear speed (SLS 20 m), and COD speed ( Zig-Zag test, COD deficit). Using the median value as a reference, the players were subdivided into two groups (n=17; n=16) according to their LP, HS 60% 1RM, CMJ (High values below median = stronger group and Low = weaker group ). Results: The COD deficit was calculated as the difference between the 20m speed and the Zig-Zag test. The stronger group was better than the weaker group in SLS 20m (p<0.05; ES=1.23; 0.83; 0.93), but in the Zig-Zag agility test, the difference in the results was not statistically significant (p>0.05; ES=0.48; 0.34; 0.34) and this affected the COD deficit, which was higher (p<0.05; ES=0.9; 0.73; 0.72). The most important finding was that the stronger group had a higher COD deficit and its improvement (reduction) occurs only if the results of the agility test are improved (through agility training) [Ydeficit All groups=0.10+0.87*20m - 0.83* Zig-Zag]. Increasing power (HS, LP) lead to the improvement in SLS p<0.05, not to COD abilities. Conclusion: This can be useful for coaches during agility training and to improve COD deficit in soccer players and women in general.
Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Interrogation Using Tunable Erbium-Doped Fiber Ring Laser Source
Authors: SADIK Şerif Ali , DURAK Fırat Ertaç , ALTUNCU Ahmet
Published: March 2021

Fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) are ideal sensors for temperature, strain or vibration sensing applications with their advantages over conventional electronics sensor systems. In this paper, two different FBG sensor interrogation schemes based on broadband ASE source and tunable EDFRL source are demonstrated and compared. With both interrogator configurations, the response of the FBG sensor to temperature change is found to be linear and the sensitivities are measured as 11 pm/°C and 10.5 pm/°C, respectively. The experimental results have revealed that the optical power reflected from the FBG sensor is almost 20 dB higher with tunable EDFRL source than broadband ASE source. Thus, an interrogation method with tunable EDFRL can be suitable for remote, quasi-distributed sensor applications requiring high output power and OSNR.
Parameter Optimization of Frequency Selective Surfaces Made of Composite Materials
Authors: KIZILÇAY Abdullah Oğuz
Published: March 2021

Debye model is used for approximating the frequency dependent complex effective permittivity of the composite structures in filter and shielding applications at microwave frequencies. In debye model, desired shielding effectiveness (SE) is obtained by determining the Debye parameters using trial and error method. But this may result in wasting time or not converging to an optimum solution. In this work to overcome this problem Debye parameters were optimized by using Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm. A Maxwell Garnett (MG) mixing rule was applied to these optimized parameters to obtain frequency selective surface (FSS) parameters. 12dB shielding threshold was chosen between 0.05 – 5GHz frequency range. In accordance with the obtained parameters of FSS, a structure was designed in CST simulation software and simulations had been conducted to obtain SE results. It was seen that the results obtained from analytical computations agree with those obtained from simulations.
Knowledge Discovery Using Clustering Methods in Medical Database: A Case Study for Reflux Disease
Authors: DOĞAN Yunus , RIDAOUI Fatma
Published: March 2021

Digitalization spreads day by day around the world; thus, the amount of data collected is on the rise. An increasing amount of data leads us to use the data and get the advantage of it by using methods like Data mining. Data mining is used in several industries. Especially as medical data is essential to be understood, it is crucial to work on it. Reflux disease is a painful illness spreading around the world. Reflux is more common compared to formerly known numbers of patients. Even though reflux is not as fatal as cancer, it decreases the quality of life and makes many people suffer in their daily life. So, reflux is affecting mental health directly. If we can ease the process of diagnosis of reflux, we may provide a better quality of life for people. In this study, various data mining algorithms are applied, and it is seen from results that medical care can be improved by changing. Nowadays, artificial intelligence applications in the field of gastroenterology stand out in various sources in the literature. However, a large database required that is specific for Reflux disease to implement these applications is available only at the Reflux Research Center in Ege University in Turkey. By benefiting the Short Form36 and Quadrad12 questionnaire data in this database, 3,909 patients and many artificial intelligence algorithms were used to discover the hidden associations among responses in the quality of life of these patients. The algorithms used in the tests are Apriori, Frequent Pattern Growth, Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise, Self-Organizing Map, and KMeans. In the tests, it was observed that the most successful algorithm in terms of the structure of the data was KMeans, and a set of remarkable 27 rules according to the optimal Sum of Square Error value was obtained.
Making MES Buffers for Protein EDAC Particle Coupling v1
Authors: Schackart Kenneth , Kaarj Kattika
Published: March 2021

This protocol describes how to make MES buffers for covalently coupling proteins to carboxylated polystyrene particles via EDAC. Adapted from Bangs Laboratories Inc. TechNote 205 Covalent Coupling. Three buffers are made from 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic (MES) acid with varying pH. The three buffers are referred to as : Activation buffer (acidic for activating the carboxyl group on particles for EDAC reaction) Coupling buffer (alkaline for coupling protein to o-acylisourea on particle surface created by EDAC reaction) Storage buffer (for storing particles while preventing degradation and self aggregation)
Making Quenching and Blocking Solution v1
Authors: Schackart Kenneth , Kaarj Kattika
Published: March 2021

This protocol describes how to make Quenching solution and Blocking solution used for protein EDAC particle coupling. Glycine serves as a primary amine source for quenching the coupling reaction. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is used to coat particle surface to prevent nonspecific (e.g. hydrophobic) interaction. Adapted from Bangs Laboratories Inc. TechNote 205 Covalent Coupling.
Daughter of Frankenstein protocol for nuclei isolation from fresh and frozen tissues using OptiPrep® continuous gradient v2
Authors: G Martelotto Luciano
Published: March 2021

This protocol is the result of the combination of various nuclei isolation protocols for single cell RNA-seq experiments using droplet-based methods, and is an extension of the Frankenstein (D.O.F means Daughter Of Frankenstein). Developed to prepare nuclei isolates from fresh and frozen material of small-to-large sizes. The good thing is that it does not uses FACS but OptiPrep® continuous gradient to remove debris. It is the alternative protocol when FACS is not available. This protocol works better with smaller samples. After centrifugation the nuclei will form a pellet and contaminating membranes will float at the top. This continuous gradient can be applied for as many times as needed to the same prep to continue cleaning up your nuclei suspensions.
Maßgeschneiderte Digitalisierungslösungen mit Real-Time Locating Systems
Authors: Löcklin Andreas , Przybysz-Herz Kai , Ruppert Tamás , Libert Robert , Jakab László , Jazdi Nasser , Weyrich Michael
Published: March 2021

Zukunft mit RTLS: Wir stehen am Anfang eines Booms bei der Nutzung von Echtzeit-Positionsdaten für Automatisierung- und Optimierungszwecke im Bereich der Produktion und Logistik. In dieser Publikation geben wir eine Antwort auf das Warum,zeigen, was sich bereits als industriell machbar erwiesen hat und geben einen Überblick über sechs aktuelle Ansätze aus der Forschung. Wir zeigen, welche Anwendungsfälle durch RTLS bereits automatisiert werden können und wo RTLS in Zukunft eine Rolle spielen könnte, um  Produktionsprozesse oder Materialflüsse weiter zu optimieren.
Educiber: Os ciberdispositivos como mediadores na educação
Authors:   Cristiane Porto,   Alexandre Chagas,   Verônica Conceição
Published: March 2021

Propusemos, inicialmente, reunir textos que agregassem ao tema uma problematização teórica e prática, visando tensionar e dar visibilidade às implicações dos ciberdispositivos no processo educativo, enquanto processo de formar formando-se pela via da experiência e na interação com o outro. Somando à primeira proposta, abarcamos produções que iluminaram práticas educativas mediadas pelos ciberdispositivos em um contexto educacional que se efetiva em um ambiente Cibercultural.
Development and research of selectively invariant electromechanical systems with elastic kinematic units based on the separation of the harmonic disturbance model
Authors: Tikhomirova I.A. , Tararykin S.V.
Published: March 2021

Currently there is a big variety of structure solutions of the selective invariant electromechanical systems with different layout schemes of disturbance internal model for electric drives with robust kinematic units. However, methods of structural parametric synthesis for controllers with combined triggering model only were developed selective invariant systems with “robust” kinematic of mechanical part. Consequently, further improvement of the structure variety of systems for special effects of elastic kinematic units of mechanical part is of current interest. It can be performed by including the distributed model of harmonic disturbance into the synthesis process. Structural parametric synthesis is based on the methods of modal control theory, regulators reduction, selective invariant principals, velocity separation in local sub-systems, regulation by coordinates of state and by output, cascade and slaved coordinates regulation, splitting of disturbance model to separate elements in managing contours. Investigation was performed by specified computing experiments with synthesized electromechanical system models. Now, new structure solutions of selective invariant electromechanical systems with elastic mechanical elements are developed. They are created by using the additional separation principle for disturbance model into separate parts and moving them in to the contours of “fast” and “slow” sub-systems. Acquired models of synthesized systems were compared upon the complex of main quality indicators, the comparison was based on the performed computing experiments. The acquired results of complex performance of set requirements demonstrate main pros and cons for each variant of selective invariant electromechanical systems with elastic elements, determine areas of their preferred usage and allow the developers to simplify the solution of structure optimization based on selected schema of compromises.
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation in patient with critical aortic stenosis in the setting of cardiogenic shock
Authors: Komlev A. E. , Imaev T. E. , Sharapudinova Ch. N. , Kolegaev A. S. , Kuchin I. V. , Salichkin D. V. , Makeev M. I. , Akchurin R. S.
Published: March 2021

This article presents a clinical case of successful transcatheter aortic valve implantation in an elderly patient with critical aortic stenosis at the stage of systolic dysfunction with development of genuine cardiogenic shock. The role of transcatheter aortic valve implantation in the pathogenetic treatment of acute heart failure due to decompensated aortic stenosis was briefly discussed.
Classification of stages of severe aortic stenosis based on the prevalence of extravalvular heart damage
Authors: Alekhin M. N.
Published: March 2021

This thematic review focuses on recently proposed classification of stages in pronounced aortic stenosis based on the prevalence of extravalvular cardiac damage and its modified variant designed for asymptomatic patients. The review presents studies, which analyzed the predictive significance of the proposed classification. The use of this classification allows predicting the course of disease in patients with pronounced aortic stenosis in valve replacement. The classification is based on routinely used structural and functional echocardiographic signs with already proven predictive values with respect of adverse events in patients after aortic valve replacement. The review discusses limitations of the classification for pronounced aortic stenosis stages based on the prevalence of extravalvular cardiac damage.
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus – new Developments in the Treatment
Authors: Kalashnikov V. Y. , Michurova M. S.
Published: March 2021

Despite obvious success in the management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, incidence of myocardial infarction, stroke, critical ischemia, and lower extremity amputation remains high. Results of clinical studies of new hypoglycemic drugs have demonstrated their high efficacy in decreasing mortality, incidence of cardiovascular complications, and progression of chronic heart failure. At the same time, prevention of atherothrombotic complications is essential for this patient category. Traditionally, the antiaggregant therapy with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is administered to patients with stable atherosclerotic diseases to reduce the risk. Attempts of reducing additionally the risk with ASA combinations with other antiplatelet drugs did not produce an expected result. Theoretical prerequisites suggested that anticoagulant supplements would increase the treatment efficacy in prevention of atherothrombotic complications in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Recently emerged oral anticoagulants can be administered at a considerably lower dose. In the COMPASS study, a combination of rivaroxaban 2.5 mg twice a day and ASA 100 mg/day compared to ASA 100 mg/day significantly reduced the total risk of stroke and cardiovascular death by 24 % and incidence of stroke and cardiovascular death by 42% and 22 %, respectively. Patients with peripheral artery disease showed for the first time improvement of prognosis, decreased number of amputations, major complications of lower extremity disease. Results of the COMPASS study confirmed the validity of influencing simultaneously the platelet and the coagulation components of hemostasis in patients with stable atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
Infective Endocarditis with Unknown Etiology: Possibilities of Conquering and Role of Microbiologistics
Authors: Kotova E. O. , Domonova E. A. , Kobalava Zh. D. , Shipulina O. Y. , Karaulova Y. L. , Pisaryuk A. S.
Published: March 2021

Current infectious endocarditis (IE) is characterized by changes in its etiological and epidemiological profiles associated with increased incidence of IE of undetermined etiology. This requires a search for ways to enhance the effectivity of diagnosis. Microbiologistics along with high-tech methods becomes decisively important for identifying the pathogen by studying cultures of blood and tissues from the affected heart valve. This determines timely diagnosis and treatment to be introduced to medical practice as a component of personalized medicine. The article focuses on the validity and features of microbiological (cultural), immunochemical, and molecular biological [MALDI-TOF MS (matrix-activated laser desorption/ionization with time-of-flight mass spectrometry), polymerase chain reaction, sequencing] studies.
The role of prognostic nutritional index in patients with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Demirtas Inci Saadet , Sunman Hamza , Nur Ozkaya Ibis Ayse , Erzurum Muhammed , Özbeyaz Nail Burak , Algül Engin , Gündüz Yasemin , Erken Pamukcu Hilal , Gayretli Kadriye , Sahan Haluk Furkan
Published: March 2021

Objective The importance of nutritional status in non-ST segment elevated acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) is not clear. In this study, the importance of prognostic nutritional index (PNI) in terms of in-hospital mortality in patients with NSTE-ACS and its relationship with the Global Record of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) risk score were investigated.Material and methods A total of 498 consecutive NSTE-ACS patients were recorded retrospectively. PNI for nutritional status assessment of patients with NSTE-ACS. PNI was calculated as 10 × serum albumin (g / dL) + 0.005 × total lymphocyte count (per mm3). The association between PNI and GRACE risk score was assessed.Results Patients were classified as low-risk group (≤108 points, n=222), medium-risk group (109–140 points, n=161) and high-risk group (>140 points, n=115) according to the GRACE score. The mean PNI value was found to be the lowest in the high-risk group compared to other risk groups. There was a significant negative correlation between GRACE risk score and PNI (p<0.001). In multivariate analysis, PNI resulted as a predictor of in-hospital mortality independent of GRACE risk score (OR=0.909; 95 % CI: 0.842–0.981; p=0.01). PNI value in the high risk group for in-hospital mortality was determined to have significant predictive ability (AUC=0.710; 95 % CI: 0.61–0.80; p<0001).Conclusions PNI evaluation is a useful and easy method to evaluate the nutritional status of patients with NSTE-ACS. Our study suggests that the PNI is significantly associated with in-hospital mortality, and GRACE risk score in patients with NSTE-ACS. This study is the basis for new studies to investigate whether PNI contributes additional prognostic to the GRACE risk score.
Computed Tomography Myocardial Perfusion Imaging With Transesophageal Atrial Pacing Stress Test in Patients With Borderline Stenoses in the Coronary Arteries: a Comparison With Fractional Flow Reserve
Authors: Omarov Yu. A. , Veselova T. N. , Shakhnovich R. M. , Sukhinina T. S. , Zhukova N. S. , Merkulova I. N. , Pevzner D. V. , Arutunyan G. K. , Mironov V. M. , Merkulov E. V. , Samko A. N. , Ternovoy S. K. , Staroverov I. I.
Published: March 2021

Aim      To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of cardiac perfusion computed tomography (PCT) with transesophageal electrocardiostimulation (TE ECS) for detection of ischemia in patients with borderline coronary stenosis (50–75 %) compared to measurements of fractional flow reserve (FFR).

Material and methods  The study included 25 patients with borderline (50–75 %) coronary stenosis as per data of computed tomography angiography (CTA) or coronary angiography (CAG). Later the patients underwent invasive measurement of FFR and cardiac PCT on a 320-row detector tomograph in combination with the TE ECS stress test.  FFR values <0.8 indicated the hemodynamic significance of stenosis. Myocardial perfusion was evaluated visually based on consensus of two experts.

Results All patients completed the study protocol. Cardiac pacing duration was 6 min for all patients. Four patients required intravenous administration of atropine sulphate. PCT with TE ECS detected significant for FFR stenoses with sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of a positive result and predictive value for a negative result of 47, 90, 87, and 53 %, respectively.

Conclusion      PCT with TE ECS in combination with CTA can be considered as an informative method for simultaneous evaluation of the condition of coronary arteries and detection of myocardial ischemia. This method is particularly relevant for assessing the hemodynamic significance of borderline coronary stenoses.
Duration of Applications Affects the Long-Term Efficacy of Cryoballoon Ablation Pulmonary Veins
Authors: Rzaev F. H. , Rachkova Iu. I. , Nikolaeva O. A. , Gorev M. V. , Nardaia Sh. G. , Makarycheva O. V. , Vasilieva E. Yu. , Shpektor A. V.
Published: March 2021

Aim      To evaluate the effect of cryo-exposure duration and the use of the Achieve circular mapping catheter on efficacy of cryoballoon ablation (CBA).

Material and methods  CBA of pulmonary vein ostia (PVO) is a major method for heart rhythm control in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Since the inception, the PVO CBA method has evolved; the recommended application time was changed, and the Achieve circular catheter appeared. We performed a retrospective analysis of PVO CBA administered to patients with AF in the I.V. Davydovsky Municipal Clinical Hospital from 2017 through 2019. The study included 100 patients with available clinical and demographic characteristics and remote results of the intervention. Three patient groups were analyzed based on differences in surgical techniques: group 1, Guidewire / 240 (n=31) with the cryoballoon placing on a guidewire and PVO exposure duration of 240 s; group 2, Guidewire / 180 (n=26) with the cryoballoon placing on a guidewire and PVO exposure duration of 180 s; and group 3, Achieve / 180 (n=43) with the cryoballoon placing on the mapping catheter Achieve and PVO exposure duration of 180 с. The follow-up period was 33.2±4.5, 15.2±6.1, and 12.2±4.1 months in the Guidewire / 240, Guidewire / 180, and Achieve / 180 groups, respectively. The intervention was considered effective when there was no relapse at the time of interview. A relapse of AF was determined as one or more paroxysms recorded on electrocardiogram (ECG) or during 24-h ECG monitoring; the “blind period” (first 3 months after the procedure) was excluded from the follow-up. Safety evaluation included clinically significant complications, such as phrenic nerve damage, hemopericardium, gastroparesis, hemoptysis, acute cerebrovascular disease, and formation of atrio-esophageal fistula. Effects of independent factors were determined with binary logistic regression.

Results In the Guidewire / 240 group, efficacy of PVO CBA for the maximum follow-up period was 74.4%, which was significantly different from the value for the Guidewire / 180 group (57.7 %, р=0.015). At the same time, the difference between the Guidewire / 240 and Achieve / 180 groups was statistically non-significant for a comparable follow-up period (р=0.144). Clinically significant complications were absent in all 3 groups. The independent factors that significantly increased the PVO CBA efficacy were the cryo-exposure duration of 240 s compared to 180 s (р= 0.018) and the use of the Achieve catheter (р=0.014).

Conclusion      Decreasing the cryo-exposure duration to less than 240 s is impractical (in absence of Achieve mapping catheter) since it impairs the long-term efficacy of PVO CBA and does not influence the risk of complications.
Correlations between clinical and laboratory findings and prognostically unfavorable CMR-based characteristics of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Terenicheva M. A. , Shakhnovich R.  M. , Stukalova O. V. , Pevzner D. V. , Arutyunyan G. K. , Demchenkova A. Yu. , Merkulova I. N. , Ternovoy S. K.
Published: March 2021

Aim To evaluate factors associated with unfavorable predictive characteristics of ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) as per data of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Material and methods The study included 52 patients with STEMI who underwent a primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). Contrast-enhanced cardiac MRI was performed for all patients on days 3-7. Delayed contrast-enhancement images were used for assessing infarct size, presence of microvascular obstruction (MVO) areas, and heterogeneity zones.Results Multifactorial analysis showed that independent predictors of MVO were type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) (relative risk (RR) 1.9, confidence interval (CI): 1.1–3.26, р=0.012), increased levels of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) (RR 2.04, CI: 1.39–2.99, р=0.004) and creatine kinase (CK) (RR 2.06, CI: 0.52–0.80, р=0.02), and infarct size (IS) (RR 2.81; CI: 1.38–5.72, р=0.0004). Construction of ROC curves provided the quantitative values of study indexes, at which the risk of MVO increased. For BNP, this value was ≥276 pg/ml (sensitivity, 95.7 %; specificity, 37.9 %); for CK ≥160 U/l (sensitivity, 74.1 %; specificity, 61.9 %); and for IS ≥18.8 % (sensitivity, 79.3 %; specificity, 69.6 %). Correlation analysis of risk factors for increased size of the heterogeneity zone showed significant correlations of the heterogeneity zone size with older age of patients (r=0.544, р<0.0001), higher concentrations of BNP (r=0.612, р<0.0001), CK (r=0.3, 95 % CI: 0.02–0.5, р=0.03), and C-reactive protein (CRP) (r=0.59, CI: 0.3–0.7, р=0.0001). Increased levels of CK (r=0.53, 95 % CI: 0.29–0.70, р=0.0001) and BNP (r=0.55, 95 % CI: 0.28–0.70, p=0.0003) significantly correlated with increased IS.Conclusion Risk of MVO formation as per MRI data increased in the presence of type 2 DM and IS ≥18.8 % (р<0.05). Formation of MVO in patients with STEMI was associated with increased levels of BNP ≥276 pg/ml and CK ≥160 U/l (р<0.05). Increased levels of BNP, CK, and CRP were associated with a larger size of heterogeneity zone according to data of the correlation analysis. A larger heterogeneity zone was more typical for older patients. Increased levels of CK and BNP were also associated with larger IS. The correlation analysis did not show any significant interactions between the size of heterogeneity zone, IS, and MVO size (р>0.05).
Effects of Cardioprotective Tactics on the Myocardial Perfusion and Contractile Function of the Left Ventricular Myocardium in Cancer Patients with Evidence of Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Prus Yu. A. , Ansheles A. A. , Sergienko I. V.
Published: March 2021

Aim     To study the effect of cardioprotective tactics on parameters of left ventricular myocardial perfusion and contractility as per data from single-photon emission computed tomography in oncological patients with signs of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity.

Material and methods The study included patients with oncological diseases (n=61) referred to polychemotherapy (PCT). For patients with signs of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity, a cardioprotective tactics was used, which included changing the PCT schedule and administering beta-blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. For all patients at baseline, after the first four PCH courses, after initiation of the cardioprotective tactics and the next four PTC courses, the level of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide was measured and echocardiography and perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography were performed with assessment of left ventricular (LV) perfusion heterogeneity, systolic and diastolic function.

ResultsFollowing four PTC courses, signs of cardiotoxicity were detected in 13 (21.3 %) patients. On the background of the cardioprotective tactics, a further decrease in LV ejection fraction (EF) by –9±2 % (p<0.01) was observed in 4 (30.8 %) patients. In 9 (69.2 %) patients, LV EF increased by 4±2 % (p<0.01). Standard indexes of LV myocardial perfusion did not significantly change. In 7 patients, the cardioprotective tactics was associated with reduced severity of myocardial perfusion disorder, LV∆σТ = –1.37±1.29 (p<0.05), and in 4 patients, with reduced heterogeneity of myocardial perfusion, LV∆σН = –1.20±0.70 (p<0.05).

Conclusion     The cardioprotective tactics prevents both further disorder of perfusion and decreases in parameters of left ventricular myocardial contractility in patients with anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity.
Endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in patients with non-obstructive coronary arteries
Authors: Pakhtusov N. N. , Iusupova A. O. , Privalova E. V. , Khabarova N. V. , Belenkov Yu. N.
Published: March 2021

Aim To determine levels of markers for endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, endothelin-1, E-selectin, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and non-obstructive and obstructive coronary artery (CA) disease.Material and methods This study included 32 patients with verified IHD and non-obstructive (main group, n=19) and obstructive (comparison group, n=13) CA disease. Endothelial dysfunction was diagnosed by photoplethysmography and videocapillaroscopy. Serum concentrations of endothelin-1, E-selectin, and TNF- α were measured in all patients.Results Patients with non-obstructive CA disease showed a tendency towards more pronounced endothelial dysfunction (alternative stiffness index, 7.8 m /s [6.35; 9.08]; reflection index, 36.95 % [23.4; 52.65]; capillary density following reactive hyperemia, 54.33 cap /mm2 [48.92; 75.83]; capillary density following venous occlusion, 74.33 cap /mm2 [67.83; 93.00]) compared to the comparison group (alternative stiffness index, 9.05 m/s [7.08; 10.58]; reflection index, 28.25 % [23.35; 53.75]; capillary density following reactive hyperemia, 66.83 cap /mm2 [50.83; 78.67]; capillary density following venous occlusion, 87.0 cap /mm2 [77.58; 78.67]), although statistically significant differences were not found. Concentration of endothelin-1 was significantly higher in the IHD group with non-obstructive CA disease (0.45 ng/ml [0.28;0.65]) compared to patients with CA atherosclerotic stenosis (0.35 ng/ml [0.25; 0.38], p=0.035). Concentrations of E-selectin did not significantly differ between the groups (main group, 21.1 ng/ml [18.45; 35.03]; comparison group, 28.55 ng/ml [19.08; 35.01], p=0.29). In both groups, concentrations of TNF-α did not exceed the lower threshold of sensitivity (<2.3 pg/ml).Conclusion Endothelial dysfunction and increased endothelin-1 in patients with non-obstructive CA disease along with inflammation may additionally contribute to the pathogenesis of IHD in the absence of hemodynamically significant CA stenoses. Too low level of TNFα in both groups prevented us from using it as a diagnostic marker. Further study is needed that would include a greater number of patients and a search for alternative markers.