bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Infectious Salmon Anaemia Virus (ISAV) RNA Binding Protein Encoded by Segment 8 ORF2 and Its Interaction with ISAV and Intracellular Proteins
Authors: Olsen Christel , Markussen Turhan , Thiede Bernd , Rimstad Espen
Published: February 2016

Infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) is an orthomyxovirus infecting salmonid fish. The virus is adapted to low temperature and has a replication optimum between 10–15 °C. In this study the subcellular localization and protein interactions for the protein encoded by the largest open reading frame of gene segment 8 (s8ORF2) were investigated. In ISAV infected cells the s8ORF2 protein was found mainly in the cytosol but a minor fraction of cells expressed the protein in the nucleus as well. Green fluorescent protein-tagged s8ORF2 did not leak out of the cell when the plasma membrane was permeabilized, suggesting interactions with intracellular structural components. The s8ORF2 protein exists both as monomer and homodimer, and co-immunoprecipitation experiments strongly suggests it binds to the ISAV fusion-, nucleo- and matrix proteins. Two versions of s8ORF2 were detected with apparent molecular weights of 24–26 and 35 kDa in lysates of infected cells. The 35 kDa type is an early viral protein while the smaller version appears during the later phases of infection. The 24–26 kDa type was also the predominant form in viral particles. The s8ORF2 protein has previously been shown to bind RNA and interfere with interferon induction and signaling. Here we found that a fraction of the s8ORF2 protein pool in infected cells is likely to be conjugated to the interferon stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) and ubiquitin. Furthermore, several endogenous proteins pulled down by the s8ORF2 protein were identified by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS).
Identification of Known and Novel Recurrent Viral Sequences in Data from Multiple Patients and Multiple Cancers
Authors: Friis-Nielsen Jens , Kjartansdóttir Kristín , Mollerup Sarah , Asplund Maria , Mourier Tobias , Jensen Randi , Hansen Thomas , Rey-Iglesia Alba , Richter Stine , Nielsen Ida , Alquezar-Planas David , Olsen Pernille , Vinner Lasse , Fridholm Helena , Nielsen Lars , Willerslev Eske , Sicheritz-Pontén Thomas , Lund Ole , Hansen Anders , Izarzugaza Jose , Brunak Søren
Published: February 2016

Virus discovery from high throughput sequencing data often follows a bottom-up approach where taxonomic annotation takes place prior to association to disease. Albeit effective in some cases, the approach fails to detect novel pathogens and remote variants not present in reference databases. We have developed a species independent pipeline that utilises sequence clustering for the identification of nucleotide sequences that co-occur across multiple sequencing data instances. We applied the workflow to 686 sequencing libraries from 252 cancer samples of different cancer and tissue types, 32 non-template controls, and 24 test samples. Recurrent sequences were statistically associated to biological, methodological or technical features with the aim to identify novel pathogens or plausible contaminants that may associate to a particular kit or method. We provide examples of identified inhabitants of the healthy tissue flora as well as experimental contaminants. Unmapped sequences that co-occur with high statistical significance potentially represent the unknown sequence space where novel pathogens can be identified.
Towards an Efficient Rainfall–Runoff Model through Partitioning Scheme
Authors: Dariane Alireza , Javadianzadeh Mohamad
Published: February 2016

Partitioning Scheme (PS) is one of the strategies that could play a constructive role in improving the performance of conceptual rainfall–runoff (CRR) models. The main objective of this paper is to develop a Rainfall Runoff-Partitioning Scheme (RR-PS) with the ability of distinguishing different flow regimes in a basin and simulating each regime separately. The model utilizes a combination of PS and “regular” procedures and is equipped with Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) and Seasonal Partitioning (SP) to recognize different flow regimes. In addition, to avoid excessive increase of the model parameters caused by PS, sensitivity analysis is used to recognize the sensitive parameters. The PS part of integrated model is only run for the “sensitive” parameters and the “regular” part of model is implemented for the “less-sensitive” parameters. Data from three different scale basins in USA and Iran are used to evaluate the models. A HBV-Light (Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning-Light model) based CRR model (Improved HBV- IHBV) is developed in FORTRAN (Formula Translation) with several modifications for testing the procedures. The results show that in all cases IHBV-based models using PS method perform better than the regular IHBV model. Overall, IHBV-SP demonstrates better performance than the other PS based models. Further improvement is reached by adopting user-defined seasons in IHBV-SP through optimization.
Monitoring of β-d-Galactosidase Activity as a Surrogate Parameter for Rapid Detection of Sewage Contamination in Urban Recreational Water
Authors: Tryland Ingun , Braathen Henrik , Wennberg Aina , Eregno Fasil , Beschorner Anna-Lena
Published: February 2016

Simple, automated methods are required for rapid detection of wastewater contamination in urban recreational water. The activity of the enzyme β-d-galactosidase (GAL) can rapidly (<2 h) be measured by field instruments, or a fully automated instrument, and was evaluated as a potential surrogate parameter for estimating the level of fecal contamination in urban waters. The GAL-activity in rivers, affected by combined sewer overflows, increased significantly during heavy rainfall, and the increase in GAL-activity correlated well with the increase in fecal indicator bacteria. The GAL activity in human feces (n = 14) was high (mean activity 7 × 107 ppb MU/hour) and stable (1 LOG10 variation), while the numbers of Escherichia coli and intestinal enterococci varied by >5 LOG10. Furthermore, the GAL-activity per gram feces from birds, sheep and cattle was 2–3 LOG10 lower than the activity from human feces, indicating that high GAL-activity in water may reflect human fecal pollution more than the total fecal pollution. The rapid method can only be used to quantify high levels of human fecal pollution, corresponding to about 0.1 mg human feces/liter (or 103 E. coli/100 mL), since below this limit GAL-activity from non-fecal environmental sources may interfere.
Water and Agriculture in a Mediterranean Region: The Search for a Sustainable Water Policy Strategy
Authors: Llop Maria , Ponce-Alifonso Xavier
Published: February 2016

This paper analyzes two of the main challenges facing agriculture in Europe: technological changes and the application of the principle of cost recovery to water services. Our study takes into account the economic, social, and ecological consequences associated with these measures. Specifically, we consider the effects of these two situations not only on water consumption, but also on environmental, social, and economic indicators. Our study also includes two institutional scenarios involving the possibility or impossibility of performing transactions in formal water markets. By using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model for the economy of Catalonia, a region located in Northeastern Spain, our results suggest that institutions related with water markets matter in terms of the effects that agricultural policies cause on water resources. They also suggest that greater economic efficiency is not necessarily optimal if we consider social or environmental criteria.
A Canadian Perspective on the Use of Immunoglobulin Therapy to Reduce Infectious Complications in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Lachance S. , Christofides A.L. , Lee J.K. , Sehn L.H. , Ritchie B.C. , Shustik C. , Stewart D.A. , Toze C.L. , Haddad E. , Vinh D.C.
Published: February 2016

Infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), who typically have increased susceptibility because of hypogammaglobulinemia (HGG) related to their disease and its treatment. Immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IGRT) has been shown to reduce the frequency of bacterial infections and associated hospitalizations in patients with HGG or a history of infection, or both. However, use of IGRT in CLL is contentious. Studies examining such treatment were conducted largely before the use of newer chemoimmunotherapies, which can extend lifespan, but do not correct the HGG inherent to the disease. Thus, the utility of IGRT has to be re-evaluated in the current setting. Here, we discuss the evidence for the use of IGRT in CLL and provide a practical approach to its use in the prevention and management of infections.
Genetic Polymorphisms of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 and Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3, Xenoestrogen, Phytoestrogen, and Premenopausal Breast Cancer
Authors: Li H. , Zhao M. , Wang Q. , Liu L. , Qi Y.N. , Li J.Y.
Published: February 2016

Background: Previous studies suggest a combined effect of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) gene polymorphisms, xenoestrogen, and phytoestrogen on the IGF-1 signalling pathway and serum concentrations in the IGF system, which are associated with premenopausal breast cancer (BCa) risk. Methods: Between 2010 and 2012, our study recruited 140 premenopausal BCa patients and 160 community-based premenopausal control subjects. Participants were surveyed about oral contraceptive (OC) use, dietary habits, and other BCa risk factors. TaqMan assays were used to determine IGF-1 rs1520220 and IGFBP-3 rs2854744 genotypes. Daily intakes of energy-adjusted soy isoflavones (EASIs) were calculated by the residual method. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the IGF-1 rs1520220 and IGFBP-3 rs2854744 genotypes, OC use, and intake of EASIs. Stratified analyses were performed to detect the gene–environment combined effect, and multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate interaction coefficients (IORs) by the multiplicative model, with 95% CIs. The delta method was used to calculate interaction coefficients by the additive model [relative excess risk of interaction (RERI), attributable proportions of interaction (APIs)] and 95% CIs. Results: The IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 genotypes, OC use, and EASIs were not found to be associated with BCa risk (p > 0.05). Stratified analysis showed that the risk of BCa was markedly increased in women carrying the IGFBP-3C allele and using OCs compared with women either carrying the IGFBP-3C allele or using ocs (OR: 3.02; 95% CI: 1.04 to 8.79). The interaction coefficients IOR, RERI, and API were 4.89 (95% CI: 1.09 to 21.90), 2.42 (95% CI: −0.76 to 5.61), and 0.80 (95% CI: 0.46 to 1.67) respectively. Conclusions: The IGFBP-3 rs2854744 polymorphism and OC use might synergistically increase premenopausal BCa risk.
THE EVOLUTION OF DWARF GALAXY SATELLITES WITH DIFFERENT DARK MATTER DENSITY PROFILES IN THE ERISMOD SIMULATIONS. I. THE EARLY INFALLS
Authors: Tomozeiu Mihai , Mayer Lucio , Quinn Thomas
Published: February 2016

We present the first simulations of tidal stirring of dwarf galaxies in the Local Group carried out in a fully cosmological context. We use the ErisDARK cosmological simulation of a Milky Way (MW)-sized galaxy to identify some of the most massive subhalos (M
vir > 108
M
⊙) that fall into the main host before z = 2. Subhalos are replaced before infall with extremely high-resolution models of dwarf galaxies comprising a faint stellar disk embedded in a dark matter halo. The set of models contains cuspy halos as well as halos with “cored” profiles (with the cusp coefficient γ = 0.6) consistent with recent results of hydrodynamical simulations of dwarf galaxy formation. The simulations are then run to z = 0 with as many as 54 million particles and resolutions as small as ∼4 pc using the new parallel N-body code ChaNGa. The stellar components of all satellites are significantly affected by tidal stirring, losing stellar mass, and undergoing a morphological transformation toward a pressure supported spheroidal system. However, while some remnants with cuspy halos maintain significant rotational flattening and disk-like features, all the shallow halo models achieve v
rot/σ
⋆ < 0.5 and round shapes typical of dSph satellites of the MW and M31. Mass loss is also enhanced in the latter, and remnants can reach luminosities and velocity dispersions as low as those of ultra-faint dwarfs.
AN HST PROPER-MOTION STUDY OF THE LARGE-SCALE JET OF 3C273
Authors: Meyer Eileen T. , Sparks William B. , Georganopoulos Markos , Anderson Jay , Marel Roeland van der , Biretta John , Tony Sohn Sangmo , Chiaberge Marco , Perlman Eric , Norman Colin
Published: February 2016

The radio galaxy 3C 273 hosts one of the nearest and best-studied powerful quasar jets. Having been imaged repeatedly by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) over the past twenty years, it was chosen for an HST program to measure proper motions in the kiloparsec-scale resolved jets of nearby radio-loud active galaxies. The jet in 3C 273 is highly relativistic on sub-parsec scales, with apparent proper motions up to 15c observed by very long baseline interferometry. In contrast, we find that the kiloparsec-scale knots are compatible with being stationary, with a mean speed of −0.2 ± 0.5c over the whole jet. Assuming the knots are packets of moving plasma, an upper limit of 1c implies a bulk Lorentz factor Γ < 2.9. This suggests that the jet has either decelerated significantly by the time it reaches the kiloparsec scale, or that the knots in the jet are standing shock features. The second scenario is incompatible with the inverse Compton off the Cosmic Microwave Background (IC/CMB) model for the X-ray emission of these knots, which requires the knots to be in motion, but IC/CMB is also disfavored in the first scenario due to energetic considerations, in agreement with the recent finding of Meyer & Georganopoulos which ruled out the IC/CMB model for the X-ray emission of 3C 273 via gamma-ray upper limits.
Bilateral Combined Hamartomas of the Retina and Retinal Pigment Epithelium as the Presenting Feature of Neurofibromatosis Type 2 (Wishart Type)
Authors: Firestone Brian K. , Arias Juan D. , Shields Carol L. , Shields Jerry A.
Published: February 2016

An 8-week-old healthy female infant manifested leukocoria and reduced vision in the left eye. She was found to have bilateral combined hamartomas of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium. There were no other features of neurofibromatosis type 2 and brain imaging was normal. At 6 months of age, subtle posterior subcapsular lens opacity was noted in the right eye. Genetic testing for neurofibromatosis type 2 was advised but not performed. At 3 years of age, leg weakness with quadriceps atrophy led to neuroimaging and detection of multiple tumors, including bilateral vestibular schwannomas and cervical, thoracic, and lumbar paraspinal schwannomas. Molecular testing revealed a nonsense mutation in the neurofibromatosis type 2 gene. Bilateral combined hamartomas were the presenting feature of a severe phenotype of neurofibromatosis type 2.
[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2014;51:e33–e36.]
Green Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles Using Plant Compounds and Their Applications
Authors: Arokiyaraj Selvaraj , Saravanan Muthupandian , Bharanidharan Rajaraman , Islam Villianur Ibrahim Hairul , Bououdina Mohamed , Vincent Savariar
Published: February 2016

The advancement in nanoparticulate system has a great impact in many scientific areas. Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) such as silver, gold and copper were found to exhibit antibacterial and other biological activities. The phytochemical constituents (Tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins and glycosides) present in the plant extracts were used for the green synthesis of NPs of desired size and morphology. Moreover, these active molecules act as reducing and capping agents for the synthe¬sis of NPs, which makes them suitable for biomedical applications. Apart from many approach on synthesis of nanoparticles, green synthesis method becomes more preferable because of its ecofriendly and nontoxic approach. This approach might pave the path for researchers across the globe to explore the potential of different herbs in the synthesis of NPs. This chapter will discuss the synthesis of various metal NPs using plants and their phytochemical constituent's involved during the synthesis. A section devoted to the different applications will be presented.
Engineered Gellan Polysaccharides in the Design of Controlled Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Maiti Sabyasachi
Published: February 2016

Natural polysaccharides are getting increasing attention in the development of pharmaceutical dosage forms due to their encouraging reports on nontoxicity and biodegradability. Natural gums can also be engineered to have better materials for drug delivery system design. Gellan gum originates from microbial fermentation and has been declared as safe by US FDA for human consumption. It possesses gelling ability in presence of multivalent earth metal cations and thus enabled the design of mutiparticulate drug delivery systems in completely aqueous environment avoiding the use of organic solvents. Due to faster drug release profiles of divalent cation-induced gellan gum particles, nowadays chemically modified forms of gellan polysaccharide are currently being investigated for the controlled release of drugs. This chapter discusses the factors contributing to the varying gelling characteristics of gellan gum and the recent developments in its chemical modification towards the fabrication of novel controlled drug delivery devices.
Water Quality Estimation Using Combined Water Chemistry and Field Spectroscopy in the Shenandoah River, Virginia
Authors: Mbuh Mbongowo J. , Houser Paul R. , Heidari Ako
Published: February 2016

This study investigated the spatial dynamics of water quality across the Shenandoah River basin using spectroscopy and chemometrics to estimate chlorophyll (Chl), colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and turbidity using three band combinations and nutrients (total nitrogen and total phosphorous) in the Shenandoah River. The mean Chl a concentration for 555 nm, 560 nm and 640 nm were; 0.31 µg/l, 0.33 µg/l, and 0.51 µg/l respectively. Chlorophyll a showed strong correlations at band 640 (r = 0.92). The bands centered at 670/490 were the best in predicting CDOM and turbidity in the Shenandoah River Basin with an r2 = 0.56. Chemometrics analysis show that total phosphorous, nitrogen and turbidity can be predicted between 450 to 555nm and 670 to 710 nm, the range of wavelengths which indicated better predictability for spectroscopic analysis. The resultant concentration is used to develop predictive models to determine sensitive spectral variables for nitrogen, phosphorous, Chl-a, and CDOM.
Residential Patterns of Korean Americans in the Chicago Metropolitan Area
Authors: Koh Donghee , George Sunita
Published: February 2016

The city of Chicago is home to the third largest concentration of Korean Americans in the United States. It is estimated that four out of five Korean Americans in Chicago live in the suburbs. In this paper, the authors examine the extent of spatial assimilation of Korean Americans with both the “mainstream” American populations, namely, the Caucasian, Black and Hispanic populations, and also their residential patterns vis-à-vis other dominant Asian sub-groups in Chicago—Chinese, Indians and Filipinos. Their analysis examines spatial assimilation of Korean Americans in terms of their residential segregation/integration from 1970 to 2010 in a multi-ethnic context. Results indicate that in general Koreans are becoming more integrated (less segregated) with the White population over the forty year time period in every major county where they were clustered, while they are generally more segregated from the Black and Hispanic populations. Among the dominant Asian sub-groups, Korean Americans tended to be more integrated with Chinese and Indian populations, and more segregated from the Filipino population.
A Taxonomic Analysis of Perspectives in Generating Space-Time Research Questions in Environmental Sciences
Authors: Ye Xinyue , She Bing , Zhao Huanyang , Zhou Xiaoyan
Published: February 2016

Research questions in environment science can be decomposed into three basic dimensions: space, time and statistics. The combinations of these three dimensions reflect the diverse perspectives of observations across multiple scales. One can classify these scales into four types: individual, local, meso, and global. Following this multi-dimensional and multi-scale framework, this paper conducts a taxonomic analysis that systematically classifies research questions in environmental science. This taxonomic analysis includes papers from a leading environmental science journal. The results show that the majority of research questions are directed at local and global scale analyses. Studies that incorporate many scales of analysis are not necessarily more sophisticated than studies that investigate a single scale. Nonetheless, it's beneficial to explore more possibilities by investigating data at different perspectives. This taxonomy could help generating research questions and providing guidance for building analytic workflow systems to fill the gaps in future scientific endeavors.
A Qualitative Study on the Adoption of Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) Practice
Authors: Arpaci Ibrahim
Published: February 2016

The consumerization of information and communication technology (ICT) is a practically important research question. Throughout this paper, the author investigates the reasons that lead to this new and important practice. He analyzes the evolution and current state of ICT adoption research, identifying adoption patterns and determining factors, and hereby offers an integrative theoretical framework based on this body of research that illuminates the main pathways to adoption behavior. Results of this analysis allow one to realize a new phenomenon, Bring Your Own Device (BYOD), which has become essential for organizations. A qualitative study is conducted to explain organizations' adoption of BYOD. A constant comparative method is used to analyze data obtained by interviewing the senior level managers of 14 organizations. Findings show that security, privacy, perceived financial cost, and compatibility have a major effect on the adoption.
Performative Actions in E-Adoption Processes
Authors: Hjelholt Morten
Published: February 2016

In this paper the concept of performative action is introduced to address how individuals can engage in IT adoption processes. The study investigates how local government employees adopt and localize ideas from a Danish National IT initiative called eDay3. Particularly the actions of a project manager are highlighted to portray how individuals can engage with historically produced discourses making them performative. The case study presented spans a two-year time period and demonstrates a double loop adoption process. First, a localization-process as discourse is used to support the specificity and variance of the specific local government. Second, a feedback loop re-attaching the localized project to the national reform program in order to maintain and protect the newly formed local practices. The study concludes that individuals actively struggle for social positions in IT adoption processes. Through the use of performative actions the positions are never stable and firm but constantly enacted and changed in discursive practices.
An Empirical Investigation of Internet Users' Perceptions towards National and International e-Shops
Authors: Saprikis Vaggelis
Published: February 2016

Nowadays, the broad Internet utilization and the advancement of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have greatly changed the way goods and services are bought and sold. As a consequence, even more online users prefer not only to shop online, but also purchase abroad taking advantage of Internet's limitless feature. Thus, technology's success has stimulated the process of cross-border e-shopping, allowing fast, less costly communication, as well as access to a wider variety of goods and services. The purpose of this consumer-oriented approach paper is to examine the perceptions of Greek Internet users concerning e-shops. In specific, it aims to reveal if there are differences on users' perceptions regarding Greek versus international e-shops, as even more individuals visit non-domestic online stores for their e-purchases. Hence, it provides tangible results to an under-explored area of online shopping and shed light on the difficulty of understanding important aspects of e-shopping behavior; presenting vital implications to both academia and practitioners.
Green IT Adoption
Authors: Hernandez Alexander A. , Ona Sherwin E.
Published: February 2016

Green Information Technology (GIT) refers to using information technology in ways that help to reduce environmental impacts including the use of energy more efficiently and reducing waste. To date, however, few studies attempt to provide a holistic understanding of GIT adoption in developing countries, which GIT plays a significant role in achieving a sustainable environment and economic performance. This paper explores the practices, processes and enablers in GIT adoption within the Philippines Business Process Outsourcing Industry (BPO). The authors used the revelatory multiple-case study as a research approach in understanding GIT adoption in BPO organizations. They found five areas of GIT adoption covering IT procurement, IT applications as low carbon enabler, working environment, data center and IT end of life management. Essentially, strategy and governance, processes, structure, people, technology support, and measurement and improvement enabled GIT adoption in BPO organizations. The authors further found that BPO organizations have the strong long-term commitment to environmental sustainability.
Investigation of Consumer Behavior
Authors: Baziana Sotiria , Tzimitra-Kalogianni Eirini
Published: February 2016

Evidence shows that sustainability not only helps a business case getting stronger, but also embraces a sustainability agenda which can stimulate innovation, pushing companies to rethink their operations, products and business models. In addition, during the past few years the demand for organic wine has increased and many Greek businesses have entered the market, advertising the superiority of organic wine. The main objective of this study is to portray the need for an implementation of new technologies in the distribution and supply of organic wine in the city of Xanthi. Furthermore, the investigation of consumers' attitude will constitute the basis for further development of business strategies regarding sustainability and innovation in the agri-food chain. From the quantitative and qualitative data, the statistical analysis will provide findings on consumer behavior, attitudes, new trends, and factors that affect the choice of organic wine. Finally, the current paper is indicative of the general consumer stance towards organic-products.
Exploring Ideology in the Adoption of Socio-Technical Assemblages
Authors: Edwards David , Horton Keith
Published: February 2016

In this paper the authors explore ideological influences on the organizational adoption and development of the Managed Learning Environment (MLE), an enterprise level approach to information systems development in Higher Education, that was advocated by UK national agencies such as the Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC). The authors present three detailed longitudinal case studies. To capture the ideological dimension of MLE we use the concept of Technology Action Framing. They find that the ideological dimension of the technology has a significant impact on organisational socio technical processes by shaping strong and often conflicting attitudes to the adoption of MLE. The findings contribute to better understanding of this pattern of socio technical adoption and development.
A Sociotechnical Approach of eGovernment in Developing Countries
Authors: Pereira Gabriela Viale , Macadar Marie Anne , Testa Maurício Gregianin
Published: February 2016

In the context of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for development (ICT4D) the capability approach raises questions about the best way to generate human development outcomes through governments' implementation of ICT, encompassing specific demands of the people. Considering that quality of working life was an emergent value for the sociotechnical supporters and could foster human development, this perspective can also be used to explain the use of ICT in government. This research proposes a conceptual model to explain how governments' implementation of ICT contributes to improved human development through a sociotechnical perspective and its alignment with users' needs and expectations. The contribution of this study is the extending of the ICT4D research in a sociotechnical view and its impact in human development. By including the social context in the model, it emphasizes the differences between countries in different levels of development, the differences between users' demands and the differences in human development outcomes.
Transforming Perceptions of Presence
Authors: Lindekilde Rikke , Bjørn Pernille
Published: February 2016

When working in globally distributed settings, the perception of presence in collaboration and the use of technology directly impact how people are able to act in daily work practices. This paper identifies new ways to transform the way people think about presence in global collaboration, with the aim of improving their work. Thus, the researchers conducted, an action research study over a period of 21 months, where collaborative partners working within a global engineering company were invited to participate in workshops facilitating improved global collaboration. Through two action cycles the techniques were improved in order to make people reflect upon current practices with the aim of transforming their perceptions of presence when working remotely. This paper builds on a sociotechnical approach and presents the results of the action research arguing that while discursive interventions challenging people's perceptions are important, the embodied experience of the activities are essential to be able to transform people's perceptions on presence and improve the global collaboration.
A Consumer Decision-Making Model in M-Commerce
Authors: Zheng Weijun , Jin Leigh
Published: February 2016

The objective of this paper is to understand the importance of mobile reputation systems in mobile users' app discovery and purchase satisfaction. A theoretical framework describing the mediating effects of reputation systems on mobile app users' purchase satisfaction is developed and empirically tested with mobile app users. The findings of this study suggest that mobile reputation systems embedded in application stores play important mediating roles in mobile app purchase decision-making process and ultimately purchase satisfaction.
Free Warping Analysis and Numerical Implementation
Authors: Mikeš Karel , Jirásek Milan
Published: February 2016

This article deals with the mathematical description and numerical implementation of the free warping problem. The solution of the warping problem is given by a warping function obtained by solving the Laplace equation with a corresponding boundary condition. An analytical solution is available only for a limited number of specific cross-sectional shapes such as ellipse or rectangle. For the solution of a general cross section, the Laplace equation must be solved numerically by the finite element method. From a mathematical point of view, the free warping problem can be described in the same way as the heat transfer phenomena, but in the numerical implementation, there are several features specific to warping analysis.The solution algorithm has been implemented in the OOFEM open-source finite element code [1] and verification has been done on several examples with known analytical solutions.
Study on Multi-Objective Reconstruction of Random Media
Authors: Hlobilová Adéla , Lepš Matěj
Published: February 2016

This paper deals with a reconstruction of random media via multi-objective optimization. Two statistical descriptors, namely a two-point probability function and a two-point lineal path function, are repetitively evaluated for the original medium and the reconstructed image to appreciate the improvement in the optimization progress. Because of doubts of the weights setting in the weighted-sum method, purely multi-objective optimization routine Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm~II is utilized. Three operators are compared for creating new offspring populations that satisfy a prescribed volume fraction constraint. The main contribution is in the testing of the proposed methodology on several benchmark images.
Optimized Wang Tiles Generation for Heterogeneous Materials Modelling
Authors: Šedlbauer David , Doškář Martin
Published: February 2016

The paper deals with a modelling of random heterogeneous materials composed of circular solid particles within a matrix. The concept of Wang tiling is utilized to generate material patterns. Wang tiling principles enable to create random heterogeneous structures with high reduction of periodicity artefacts in comparison with the traditional approach of the Periodic Unit Cell (PUC). A packing algorithm based on molecular dynamics for Wang tiles generation is introduced. During the process of generation particles grow, move and collide with tile edges and with each other in order to achieve required or optimal particle placements without an overlapping. A set of Wang tiles include eight different tiles with specific boundary conditions which allow composing of random heterogeneous materials applying a stochastic tiling algorithm. An optimization technique based on the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is utilized to get a material model with similar statistical information compared with a reference pattern. Due to the nature of investigated materials the Radial Distribution Function (RDF) was chosen as a tool for statistical description.
Shear Fracture – Testing Mode II and Determining Fracture Toughness
Authors: Mužíková Barbora
Published: February 2016

The best way how to test fracture mode II and determinate the critical factor KII of cement paste beams is investigated. Several methods are presented and the test based on a theory of the double-edge notched infinite plate is described in detail and will be carry out.
Behaviour of Fans during the Football Match
Authors: Verner Martin
Published: February 2016

There is an area at each football match, where the core team supporters (a.k.a Ultras) are located. These visitors are actively supporting their club (like jumping, bouncing, jouncing, swaying or abruptly rising, etc.), which can cause bigger or smaller grandstands vibrations. The performed experiment was focused on places with the most actives fans. At first place, the root cause of the vibrations was monitored (motion of the supporters, number of them match statistics), at second place the result of their actions (vibration of the grandstands). This article describes the vibration root cause (fans behaviours) during one match.
Numerical Simulation of Melting of Phase Change Material in a Square Cavity with a Heat Source
Authors: Bondareva Nadezhda S. , Sheremet Mikhail A.
Published: February 2016

Melting and solidification problems are important in applications of many industries. In the present work mathematical simulation of natural convection with phase transition inside an enclosure with a local heat source has been carried out. Partial differential equations with corresponding initial and boundary conditions have been solved using the finite difference method. The effect of temperature differences on fluid flow and heat transfer has been discussed.
Phenomenological Modeling of Rheological Properties of Polyetheretherketones Reinforced with High Modulus Carbon in the Machining Process by a Reversible Analysis Method
Authors: Khaimovich Alexander I. , Balaykin Andrey V. , Galkina Natalia V.
Published: February 2016

Results of modeling rheological properties (constitutive models) of composite material Victrex PEEK 90HMF20 by reversible analysis method at high-speed milling considering the direction of the reinforcing fiber are presented. Strain hardening until the moment of rupture was determined by the results of static tests of destruction at different temperatures. Coefficients of viscoplastic hardening and thermal softening were determined by the results of statistical processing of experimental milling samples of PEEK-based deformation velocity field obtained by simulation of the process of edge cutting machining in Deform 2D.
Decay of Low-Barrier Metastable State: Middle Friction
Authors: Aktaev N.E.
Published: February 2016

In the framework of the generalized Kramers theory of physical and chemical kinetics the relation for the decay rate of the metastable state is obtained. The peculiarity of the system is the ratio of the potential barrier height to temperature of the system. This ratio is much less than unity. To study the process we introduce the concept of the effective square of the potential barrier. It is shown that in the limiting case the obtained relation becomes the standard formula (Kramers formula) for the decay rate.
Identification Method of Blast-Furnace Process Parameters
Authors: Kazarinov L.S. , Barbasova T.A.
Published: February 2016

This work considers performance identification by operation statistics aimed to mathematical descriptions of blast-furnace processes. In case of the blast-furnace process automation the operational task of process conditions optimization shall preferably be implemented based on the algorithm of performance identification by operation statistics alongside with control and stabilization of process conditions.
Accounting Viscous Dissipation at Round Tubes Filling
Authors: Borzenko E.I. , Frolov O.Yu. , Shrager G.R.
Published: February 2016

The fountain nonisothermal flow of a viscous fluid realized during circular pipe filling is investigated. The mathematical basis of the process is formed by equations of motion, continuity and energy with respective initial and boundary conditions with due account of the temperature dependence of viscosity, the presence of a free boundary and dissipation of mechanical energy. To solve the problem numerically a finite difference method is required. Depending on the values defining the dimensionless parameters the results of parametric studies in temperature, viscosity, dynamic and kinematic characteristics of the flow are shown. Flow patterns for the formulation of problems with different initial and boundary conditions are given. The separation of flow into the zone of spatial flow in the vicinity of the free surface and one dimensional flow away from it, and changing the shape of the free boundary, depending on the level of dissipative heating are demonstrated.
Thermal Activated Elements Redistribution between Two-Component Coating and Substrate
Authors: Kryukova Olga , Chepak-Gizbrekht Marija V.
Published: February 2016

The results of analytical and numerical solutions of the problem of the redistribution of elements between the coating and the substrate under heat treatment are presented here. It is assumed that the coating consists of two elements - chromium and nitrogen, and the substrate is silicon. The model takes into account the Soret effect. The Soret’s coefficients (or the corresponding coefficients of thermal diffusion) are different for the elements. The analytical solution of the linearized coupled problem is obtained by the operational method. Numerical solution was implemented by implicit difference scheme. In the linear approximation, the results of numerical solutions are close enough to analytical ones. The effect of diffusion coefficients and thermal diffusion on the redistribution of elements in the diffusion zone has been studied.
Non-Uniform Temperature Distribution in Multilayer Thermal Protective Coating with Curved Interfaces
Authors: Chumakov Yurii A. , Knyazeva Anna G.
Published: February 2016

In this work, the thermal conductivity problem is solved for fourth layer plate at the heat flux action on one of surfaces. The interfaces between layers are assumed non ideal that leads to appearance of thermal resistances between layers. Additionally thermal resistances are inhomogeneous due to curved surfaces of materials. The existence of curved surfaces and porosity of layers are connected with the way of specimen manufacturing. Thermal conductivity coefficients of layers can by changed when their porosity changes. The problem is solved numerically. It was found that curved interfaces and thermal resistance affect process only at initial stage of the heating. Temperature gradients depend essentially on porosity and thickness of layers.
Classification of the Signatures for Doppler Radar from the Standpoint of Active Perception Theory
Authors: Gai Vasiliy E. , Bogdan Anna M.
Published: February 2016

This article describes the signals classification method when signals recording by land-based Doppler radar from different sources. It also presents various systems attributes defined within the active perception theory, which can be used to describe the signals. The results of computational experiments are presented.
Hydrodynamics and Heat Transfer in the Coolant Flows in the Elements of the Technical Designs of Industrial Systems
Authors: Krainov Alexander V. , Pashkov E.N. , Lushnikov Roman E. , Arkhipov Vladimir A.
Published: February 2016

Numerical simulation of the motion of a viscous incompressible nonisothermal liquid in an open rectangular cavity with a glance of heterogeneity phase characteristics is performed. The hydrodynamic pattern of moving liquid has been obtained. Temperature profiles for solid and liquid phases have been received. The model parameters influence on the motion of the heat carrier and the distribution of temperatures in two phases have been studied.
Perspectives of Application of 3D Shape Memory Composite Materials for Peristaltic Transportation of Slurries
Authors: Vasilyeva Maria A.
Published: February 2016

This paper is devoted to improvement of application of a peristaltic transport of heavy high-viscosity materials using magnetically active material. The main problems that arise when pumping these substances are associated with their low mobility and high shear stress. In various countries of the world peristaltic pumps are increasingly used for this purpose. A fundamentally new approach to transportation of liquid and viscous media consists in using magnetic pumps. Heavy oil and highly concentrated slurry tailings mineral resources are non-conductive materials, and as a result, require the active inducement effect on the portion of the material of the working chamber of the direct channel.
Comparative Analysis of Calculation Models of Pulse Tube Thermoacoustic Refrigerator
Authors: Nekrasova S.O. , Uglanov D.A. , Shimanov A.A.
Published: February 2016

A comparative analysis of different computational methods was implemented to evaluate their usage in engineering design methodology of orifice pulse tube refrigerator (OPTR). A thermodynamic model to estimate the lowest temperature level in cold heat exchangerfor a given ratio of the pulse tube and compliance was developed. Two detailed time-dependent axisymmetric computational fluid dynamic (CFD) models of the OPTR to predict its performance was considered. The computational results were compared with experimental results to validate the choice of model for numerical design methodology.
Deforming of Elastic-Plastic Medium with Self-Similar Restriction
Authors: Mantsybora Alexandr A. , Rusanov Maxim M.
Published: February 2016

The problem of shock deforming of elastic-plastic half-space with large deformation was examined. We have obtained that the deformation state can be changed in two types of simple plastic waves and two types of shock elastic waves in the case of self-similar medium motion. The speeds and characteristics of plastic waves were examined. The numerical solution of boundary value problem was found.
Technique of Decomposition of Form Deviation for Freeform Surfaces
Authors: Pechenin Vadim Andreevich , Bolotov Michael Alexandrovich , Ruzanov N.V.
Published: February 2016

This paper presents the technique of decomposition of form deviation based on the use of wavelet filter and Fourier transform. The method allows decomposing the total deviation into systematic, random systematic (waviness) and random components. The method testing was carried out for the statistics of the deviation of the suction side of the turbine engine compressor blade. The accuracy check of the estimates of form deviations generated by the method in a series of simulated surfaces with pre-laid characteristics was carried out. The results showed that the method of decomposition allows one to estimate exactly the components of the form deviation of the simulated surfaces in their series.
Research into Contact Interaction of an Elastic Tool during Rotational Pattern Cutting of Sheet Parts
Authors: Gromova E.G. , Bakanova A.G.
Published: February 2016

The paper describes a method of pattern cutting of sheet articles using the elastic medium pressure. Research works have been conducted into feasibility of the suggested pattern cutting using finite element simulation method. The experimental research was conducted into deformation processes during rotational separating stamping of sheet articles by means of elastic medium pressure so that to confirm relevance of the mathematical simulation results. The optimum design process parameter value combinations have been determined for implementing the rotary pattern cutting process.
Strength of Cutting Tool in Titanium Alloy Machining
Authors: Kozlov Victor , Zhang Jia Yu
Published: February 2016

In this paper, contact conditions between cutting tool and work material, strength of cutting tool are analyzed. Experimental and theoretical studies of contact load distribution on the artificial flank wear-land that appears on the cutter in a free orthogonal turning disk of titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-2Mo-2Cr) are described. Calculations of internal stresses by the method of finite elements show that for the sharp cutter the main stresses into cutting wedge near to the cutting edge are compression stresses, very large (10 000 MPa) and exceed ultimate compression stress for cemented carbide. Decreasing of main stress with appearance of wear on the flank explains ability working of cutter even at large wear on the flank. Increasing of cutter’s break off probability with appearance of large wear on the flank is explained by increasing of zone where the internal stresses are large enough (more or equal 3 000 MPa) and increasing of defects probability into this zone, which serves as source of cracks.
Abbreviation and symbols: m/s – meter per second (cutting speed v); mm/r – millimeter per revolution (feed rate f); MPa – mega Pascal (specific contact load as stress σ or τ); hf – the width of the flank wear land (chamfer) of the cutting tool, flank wear land can be natural or artificial like in this paper [mm]; xh – distance from the cutting edge on the surface of the flank wear land [mm]; σh – normal specific contact load on the flank land [MPa]; τh – shear (tangential) specific contact load on the flank land [MPa]; HSS – high speed steel (material of cutting tool); Py r – radial component of cutting force on the rake face [N]; Pz – tangential component of cutting force [N]; γ – rake angle of the cutting tool [°]; α – clearance angle of the sharp cutting tool [°]; αh – clearance angle of the flank wear land [°]; b – width of a machined plate or disk [mm]; σ-UTS - ultimate compression stress [MPa]; σUTS - ultimate tensile stress [MPa].