bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Taxanes and Estramustine for Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer
Authors: Mcgregory Michael , Solimando Dominic A. , Waddell J. Aubrey
Published: January 2018

The increasing complexity of cancer chemotherapy makes it mandatory that pharmacists be familiar with these highly toxic agents. This column focuses on the commercially available and investigational agents used to treat malignant diseases, reviewing issues related to the preparation, dispensing, and administration of cancer chemotherapy.
Security Issues
Authors: Miller Alicia S.
Published: January 2018

This continuing feature will inform readers about the process of implementing, maintaining, and supporting computerized prescriber order entry (CPOE) at the Ohio State University Medical Center. (By “prescribers,” we refer to health care professionals authorized to prescribe medications by their states.) Practical information on what worked and what failed will be provided, along with current updates on the status of CPOE at the Medical Center.
Questions and Answers from the F.I.X.; Timing of Pneumonia Vaccine; Double Beta-Lactam Antagonism; Sublingual Nifedipine; Oral Contraceptive Effectiveness in Obesity
Authors: Cada Dennis J.
Published: January 2018

The Formulary Information Exchange (The F.I.X.) is an online drug information service available to subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service at http://theformulary.com , or you may log on through drugfacts.com. In this column, we present samples of recent dialog on The F.I.X. If you would like more information on The Formulary Monograph Service or The F.I.X., please call 800-322-4349. If you would like to comment on any of the following questions or answers, please e-mail them to Dennis J. Cada at dcada@drugfacts.com .
Pegfilgrastim
Authors: Cada Dennis J. , Levien Terri , Baker Danial E.
Published: January 2018

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary® Monograph Service receive five to six well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late Phase III trials. The monographs are targeted to your Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee. Subscribers also receive monthly one-page summary monographs on the agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation (DUE) is also provided each month. The monographs are published in printed form and on diskettes that allow customization. Subscribers to the The Formulary Monograph Service also receive access to a pharmacy bulletin board, The Formulary Information Exchange (The F.I.X). All topics pertinent to clinical and hospital pharmacy are discussed on The F.I.X.

Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. If you would like information about The Formulary Monograph Service or The F.I.X., call The Formulary at 800-322-4349. The July 2002 Formulary monograph topics are voriconazole, treprostinil sodium injection, ranolazine, alefacept, and pregabalin. The DUE is on voriconazole.
More on Avoiding Opiate Toxicity with PCA by Proxy; Brand Name Arixtra (Fondaparinux) Confused with Laboratory Test for Anti-Factor Xa; Avoid “AD” as an Abbreviation for “Right Ear”
Authors: Cohen Michael R.
Published: January 2018

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again–perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them in your inservice training programs.

Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the USP Medication Errors Reporting Program, which is presented in cooperation with the Institute for Safe Medication Practices. If you have encountered medication errors and would like to report them, you may call USP toll-free, 24 hours a day, at 800-233-7767 (800-23-ERROR).

Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers' names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below.
Rofecoxib: Sinusitis
Authors: Generali Joyce , Cada Dennis J.
Published: January 2018

Off-Label Drug Uses — This Hospital Pharmacy feature is extracted from Off-Label DrugFacts, a quarterly publication available from Facts and Comparisons. Off-Label DrugFacts is a practitioner-oriented resource for information about specific FDA-unapproved drug uses. This new guide to the literature will enable the health care professional/clinician to quickly identify published studies on off-label uses and to determine if a specific use is rational in a patient care scenario. The most relevant data are provided in tabular form so that the reader can easily identify the scope of information available. A summary of the data–including, background, study design, patient population, dosage information, therapy duration, results, safety, and therapeutic considerations–precedes each table of published studies. References direct the reader to the full literature for more comprehensive information prior to patient care decisions. Direct questions or comments on “Off-Label Drug Uses” to hospitalpharmacy@drugfacts.com .
Maximizing your Organizer Skills
Authors: Fox Brent I. , Felkey Bill G.
Published: January 2018

An upcoming issue will feature readers' experiences with PDAs in the health care setting. Please e-mail any stories you would like to share with other Hospital Pharmacy readers to either of the authors at foxbren@auburn.edu or felkebg@auburn.edu . You may also send your contributions, questions, or comments to the authors (who share the same mailing address) at The Auburn University Harrison School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Care Systems,128 Miller Hall, Auburn, AL 36849.
Combined Medication-and-Supply Automated Delivery System in an Ambulatory Setting
Authors: Jorgenson James A. , Leiker Tess K. , Herzog Craig C.
Published: January 2018

This article describes the implementation and analysis of an automated system for the distribution of medications and supplies in an ambulatory clinic setting. Distribution, charging, and control of medications and supplies provided to ambulatory clinics is an issue that presents numerous problems for hospital pharmacy departments. A combined automated unit to handle both supplies and medications was studied as an alternative to traditional manual systems. Problems with our manual system were identified. A comparative analysis of revenue, medication and supply cost before and after automation is presented. Increases in revenue, decreases in supply cost, and improved medication expense documentation were noted with the automated system.
Knowledge of Hospital Acquisition Costs of Antibiotics among Physicians in a Community Hospital
Authors: Schroeder Sara L. , Dobesh Paul P. , Abu-Shanab Joy R. , Lakamp Jonathan E.
Published: January 2018

Purpose

Cost-conscious prescribing requires that physicians be knowledgeable about drug costs. A cost card was used as the primary method of educating physicians about antibiotic costs in this facility. A survey was conducted to determine physicians' knowledge of the acquisition costs of antibiotics and to assess the effectiveness of the cost card as an educational tool.

Methods

Surveys were sent to 433 physicians in the departments of medicine and surgery. Physicians were asked to designate a hospital cost range for 25 antibiotics on formulary. Percentages of correct responses were determined for all antibiotics. Physicians were also asked a series of questions about their sources of drug cost information and whether they believed that this information was sufficient.

Results

The average percentage of correct answers to the antibiotic cost questions was 31.7%. Of physicians surveyed, 53% felt that they did not receive enough information regarding drug costs and 57% felt that it would be helpful to have more frequent cost updates.

Conclusions

Despite efforts to provide antibiotic cost information via a cost card, physicians for the most part are not cognizant of antibiotic costs. Physicians are aware that they lack knowledge about the cost of these drugs and desire further information and education. Educational initiatives will be implemented to facilitate cost-conscious prescribing.
Analgesics, Anticonvulsants, and Anti-infectives
Authors: Generali Joyce A.
Published: January 2018

“Black-box” warnings report valuable postmarketing safety data about prescription drugs, keeping practitioners informed about potential adverse events, drug interactions, key dosing information, monitoring and administration requirements, and at-risk patient populations. They are especially crucial for newly approved agents. A list of agents with black-box warnings does not currently exist; however Hospital Pharmacy will be publishing comprehensive lists by drug category in this column until November 2002. At that time, a complete list in wall chart form will be released. Hospital Pharmacy will update the data as salient information becomes available.
The Impact of NSAIDs on the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Howard Patricia A.
Published: January 2018

This continuing feature will update readers on recent developments in cardiovascular pharmacotherapy. Cardiovascular disease remains the number one killer in the US, and more clinical outcome trials have been conducted in cardiology than in any other field of medicine. Given this rapidly expanding knowledge base, pharmacists can have a significant impact on the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease–if they keep current with developments in drug therapy. Address comments to Patricia A. Howard, PharmD, Professor and Vice Chair, Pharmacy Practice, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66160-7231. E-mail: phoward@kumc.edu .
Early Treatment with Fluconazole in Adult ICU Patients at High Risk for Severe Candidiasis
Authors: Yahwak Jason A. , Fraser Gilles L.
Published: January 2018

This feature examines the impact of pharmacologic interventions on the treatment of the critically ill patient–an area of health care that has become increasingly complex. It will review recent advances (including evolving and controversial data) in drug therapy for adult ICU patients and assess these new modalities in terms of clinical, humanistic, and economic outcomes.
Pharmacokinetic Dosing of Carboplatin in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Solimando Dominic A. , Waddell J. Aubrey
Published: January 2018

The increasing complexity of cancer chemotherapy makes it mandatory that pharmacists be familiar with these highly toxic agents. This column focuses on the commercially available and investigational agents used to treat malignant diseases, reviewing issues related to the preparation, dispensing, and administration of cancer chemotherapy.
Policy Impact
Authors: Miller Alicia S.
Published: January 2018

This continuing feature will inform readers about the process of implementing, maintaining, and supporting computerized prescriber order entry (CPOE) at the Ohio State University Medical Center. (By “prescribers,” we refer to health care professionals authorized to prescribe medications by their states.) Practical information on what worked and what failed will be provided, along with current updates on the status of CPOE at the Medical Center.
Questions and Answers from the F.I.X.; Psychiatric Emergencies; Digoxin Immune Fab (Ovine) (DigiFab); Doxorubicin as a Sclerosing Agent; Tapering Benzodiazepine Infusions
Authors: Cada Dennis J.
Published: January 2018

The Formulary Information Exchange (The F.I.X.) is an online drug information service available to subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service at http://theformulary.com , or you may log on through drugfacts.com. In this column, we present samples of recent dialog on The F.I.X. If you would like more information on The Formulary Monograph Service or The F.I.X., please call 800-322-4349.
Interferon Beta-1a
Authors: Cada Dennis J. , Levien Terri , Baker Danial E.
Published: January 2018

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary® Monograph Service receive five to six well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late Phase III trials. The monographs are targeted to your Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee. Subscribers also receive monthly one-page summary monographs on the agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation (DUE) is also provided each month. The monographs are published in printed form and on diskettes that allow customization. Subscribers to the The Formulary Monograph Service also receive access to a pharmacy bulletin board, The Formulary Information Exchange (The F.I.X.). All topics pertinent to clinical and hospital pharmacy are discussed on The F.I.X.

Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. If you would like information about The Formulary Monograph Service or The F.I.X., call The Formulary at 800-322-4349. The September 2002 Formulary monograph topics are ziprasidone mesylate for injection; lanthanum carbonate, artesunate rectal capsules, ZD1839, and memantine. The DUE is on ziprasidone.
Ensure Proper Mixing of Dual-Chamber Bags; Do Recruiters and Telemarketers Contribute to Dispensing Errors?; Wrong Dose Recognized, Not Returned, and Eventually Administered; Pediatric Medication Error Prevention Guidelines Published by ISMP and PPAG; Nonproprietary Names Also Involved in Errors
Authors: Cohen Michael R.
Published: January 2018

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again–perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them in your inservice training programs.

Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the USP Medication Errors Reporting Program, which is presented in cooperation with the Institute for Safe Medication Practices. If you have encountered medication errors and would like to report them, you may call USP toll-free, 24 hours a day, at 800-233-7767 (800-23-ERROR).

Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers' names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below.
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis with Levofloxacin; Serotonin Syndrome Associated with Linezolid; Severe Hypokalemia Seen with Dicloxacillin Therapy; Terfinabine Hepatotoxicity
Authors: Shuster Joel
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this feature is to heighten awareness of specific adverse drug reactions (ADRs), to discuss methods of prevention, and to promote reporting of ADRs to the FDA's medWatch program (800-FDA-1088). If you have reported an interesting preventable ADR to medWatch, please consider sharing the account with our readers.
Gabapentin: Hot Flashes
Authors: Generali Joyce , Cada Dennis J.
Published: January 2018

Off-Label Drug Uses

This Hospital Pharmacy feature is extracted from Off-Label DrugFacts, a quarterly publication available from Facts and Comparisons. Off-Label DrugFacts is a practitioner-oriented resource for information about specific FDA-unapproved drug uses. This new guide to the literature will enable the health care professional/clinician to quickly identify published studies on off-label uses and to determine if a specific use is rational in a patient care scenario. The most relevant data are provided in tabular form so that the reader can easily identify the scope of information available. A summary of the data–including, background, study design, patient population, dosage information, therapy duration, results, safety, and therapeutic considerations–precedes each table of published studies. References direct the reader to the full literature for more comprehensive information prior to patient care decisions. Direct questions or comments on “Off-Label Drug Uses” to hospitalpharmacy@drugfacts.com .
Evaluating Clinical Software for Your PDA
Authors: Felkey Bill G. , Fox Brent I.
Published: January 2018

Now at the midpoint of our series on PDA technology, we will focus on clinical software, including its role in practice, application categories, and evaluation considerations. The availability of evidence-based clinical software greatly enhances the utility of these devices as professional tools. Related topics are discussed in this article.
The Use of Metoclopramide in Ileus: A Look at Duration of Therapy
Authors: Bolesta Scott , Erstad Brian L.
Published: January 2018

Purpose

The authors conducted a retrospective chart review to determine if metoclopramide was being used properly for ileus and if it caused any adverse effects.

Methods

All adult patients admitted to the institution's ICUs between November 10, 2000 and January 31, 2001 were evaluated for enrollment. Data was obtained from medication administration records, patient flow sheets, the computer-based laboratory and report systems, and a database of adverse drug events. Bowel movements were used to assess effectiveness. The primary end-point was the length of time metoclopramide was continued after the first bowel movement. A secondary endpoint was the occurrence of any adverse effects related to metoclopramide administration.

Results

There were a total of 32 patients who received metoclopramide for ileus during the time period studied. The average number of days people received metoclopramide was 11.5 ± 7.3 days. The mean time to first bowel movement was 1.7 ± 1.4 days. Patients had therapy continued after first bowel movement for an average of 10.7 ± 7.1 days. Extrapyramidal symptoms possibly occurred in 3% of the patients.

Conclusion

The results suggest that metoclopramide was used for the treatment of ileus in ICU patients for prolonged periods of time. This overuse may place patients at risk for adverse events and may also occur at other institutions.
The Effect of Micronized Fenofibrate on Lipid Profiles of Patients Converted from Gemfibrozil
Authors: Backes Jim M. , Moriarty Patrick M. , Gibson Cheryl A.
Published: January 2018

Although numerous studies have established the efficacy of micronized fenofibrate (MF) and gemfibrozil in improving lipid profiles, there are limited comparative data on the lipid-lowering effects of these two agents. The objective of this study was to evaluate the mean changes in lipid values of hypertriglyceridemic patients crossed over from gemfibrozil to MF. The Medical charts of 21 patients were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were maintained on gemfibrozil 600 mg twice daily for a minimum of 3 months. The patient's last fasting lipid profile on gemfibrozil was compared to the first lipid profile after crossover to MF 200 to 201 mg/day. Patients were excluded if there were alterations in other lipid-lowering therapy during the cross-over or documented non-adherence. The lipid profiles after the crossover showed a significant reduction in triglycerides (56%; P < 0.05) and TC/HDL ratio (38%; P < 0.05) and a significant increase in HDL (22%; P < 0.05). There were nonsignificant changes in other lipid values: TC (-22%; P = 0.058), LDL (+5%; P = 0.866) and LDL/HDL ratio (+6; P = 1.0). The results show that MF had additional favorable effects on triglycerides, HDL, and TC/HDL ratio compared with gemfibrozil. A larger, randomized trial to confirm these effects is warranted.
Cytarabine and Daunorubicin (7 plus 3) Regimen for Remission Induction of Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Waddell J. Aubrey , Solimando Dominic A.
Published: January 2018

The increasing complexity of cancer chemotherapy makes it mandatory that pharmacists be familiar with these highly toxic agents. This column focuses on the commercially available and investigational agents used to treat malignant diseases, reviewing issues related to the preparation, dispensing, and administration of cancer chemotherapy.
The Implementation Process (Part 1)
Authors: Miller Alicia S.
Published: January 2018

This continuing feature will inform readers about the process of implementing, maintaining, and supporting computerized prescriber order entry (CPOE) at the Ohio State University Medical Center. (By “prescribers,” we refer to health care professionals authorized to prescribe medications by their states.) Practical information on what worked and what failed will be provided, along with current updates on the status of CPOE at the Medical Center.
Voriconazole
Authors: Cada Dennis J , Levien Terri , Baker Danial E.
Published: January 2018

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive five to six well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late Phase III trials. The monographs are targeted to your Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee. Subscribers also receive monthly one-page summary monographs on the agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-ser-vices. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation (DUE) is also provided each month. The monographs are published in printed form and on diskettes that allow customization. Subscribers to the The Formulary Monograph Service also receive access to a pharmacy bulletin board, The Formulary Information Exchange (The F.I.X.). All topics pertinent to clinical and hospital pharmacy are discussed on The F.I.X.

Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. If you would like information about The Formulary Monograph Service or The F.I.X., call The Formulary at 800-322-4349. The September 2002 monograph topics are ziprasidone mesylate for injection; lanthanum carbonate, artesunate rectal capsules, ZD1839, and memantine. The DUE is on ziprasidone.
Check Crash Cart Drug Concentrations for Broselow Tape Compatibility; Different Dosage Forms of Same Drug May Not Share the Same Monograph in the PDR; Mifepristone Confused with Misoprostol; A Nurse “Nose” How to Differentiate Products
Authors: Cohen Michael R.
Published: January 2018

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again–perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them in your inservice training programs.

Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the USP Medication Errors Reporting Program, which is presented in cooperation with the Institute for Safe Medication Practices. If you have encountered medication errors and would like to report them, you may call USP toll-free, 24 hours a day, at 800-233-7767 (800-23-ERROR).

Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers' names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below.
Alopecia Associated with HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor; “Delayed, Recurrent” SIADH and SSRIs; Serious Adverse Effects with Acetazolamide; Tetany Associated with Proton Pump Inhibitor
Authors: Shuster Joel
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this feature is to heighten awareness of specific adverse drug reactions (ADRs), to discuss methods of prevention, and to promote reporting of ADRs to the FDA's medWatch program (800-FDA-1088). If you have reported an interesting preventable ADR to medWatch, please consider sharing the account with our readers.
Business Applications for PDAs
Authors: Fox Brent I. , Felkey Bill G.
Published: January 2018

Last month, we focused on clinical software for the personal digital assistant (PDA). This month, we categorize and review PDA business applications. As administrators and clinicians integrate PDAs more fully into their professional and personal lives, they should consider adding business applications such as those described in this article.
Pharmacist Impact on Pneumococcal Vaccination Rates through Incorporation of Immunization Assessment into Critical Pathways in an Acute Care Setting
Authors: Robke Jill True , Woods Mark , Heitz Sabine
Published: January 2018

Despite the availability of effective prevention and treatment measures, pneumococcal infection continues to be a significant source of morbidity and mortality. This study evaluated the impact of incorporating the assessment of pneumococcal vaccination status into selected critical pathways of at-risk patients. In a prospective, nonblinded, parallel-group trial, adult inpatients on four critical pathways were randomized into intervention or control groups. Nursing personnel screened all patients for previous pneumococcal vaccination. A pharmacist would then screen all patients for pneumococcal disease risk factors. If vaccination was indicated in the intervention group, the pharmacist educated the patient and/or caregiver, obtained patient consent, and asked the patient's physician for permission to immunize. No further action was undertaken with the control patients. A total of 231 patients were enrolled in the study (107 intervention, 124 control). Initial immunization rates were 46.8% in the control group and 56.1 % in the intervention group. Forty-six patients in the control group and 39 patients in the intervention group were eligible (unvaccinated with indication) for vaccination. Thirty-two (82.1%) of the patients in the intervention group were counseled and 19 (59.4%) were vaccinated. The overall vaccination rates were 73.8% in the intervention group and 56.1% in the control group (P < 0.001). Results indicate that incorporating assessment of pneumococcal immunization status into critical pathways is an effective way to improve immunization rates.
Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: An Overview
Authors: Dib Jean G. , Tiu Raquel
Published: January 2018

Despite new technology and pharmacological agents, postoperative nausea and vomiting continues to have a 20% to 30% occurrence rate. New antiemetic drugs and improved anesthetic techniques have decreased the incidence of anesthesia-induced postoperative nausea and vomiting. Patient characteristics and surgical factors are now largely responsible for postoperative emesis. Postoperative nausea and vomiting can lead to serious complications such as aspiration, dehydration, electrolyte disturbances, and disruption of the incision site. Postoperative nausea and vomiting leads to increased direct and indirect costs and may be associated with patients' dissatisfaction with the surgical experience. Nonpharmacological and pharmacological treatments, including new antiemetic drugs, have decreased the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting. However, clinical trials are needed to determine the most suitable treatments for the most common causes of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Antineoplastics, Vitamins, and Miscellaneous Agents
Authors: Generali Joyce A.
Published: January 2018

“Black box” warnings report valuable postmarketing safety data about prescription drugs – keeping practitioners informed about potential adverse events, drug interactions, key dosing recommendations, monitoring and administration requirements, and at-risk patient populations. Beginning in August 2002 and ending with this issue, Hospital Pharmacy has published comprehensive lists of black box data by drug category. To purchase a complete list in wall chart form, contact Facts and Comparisons at 800-223-0554 or visit the journal Web site at www.hospitalpharmacyjournal.com . Hospital Pharmacy will update these lists as salient data become available.
Cytarabine and Idarubicin (7 plus 3) Regimen for Remission Induction of Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Green Lanh , Solimando Dominic A. , Waddell J. Aubrey
Published: January 2018

The increasing complexity of cancer chemotherapy makes it mandatory that pharmacists be familiar with these highly toxic agents. This column focuses on the commercially available and investigational agents used to treat malignant diseases, reviewing issues related to the preparation, dispensing, and administration of cancer chemotherapy.
Treprostinil Sodium Injection
Authors: Cada Dennis J. , Levien Terri , Baker Danial E.
Published: January 2018

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive five to six well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late Phase III trials. The monographs are targeted to your Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee. Subscribers also receive monthly one-page summary monographs on the agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation (DUE) is also provided each month. The monographs are published in printed form and on diskettes that allow customization. Subscribers to the The Formulary Monograph Service also receive access to a pharmacy bulletin board, The Formulary Information Exchange (The F.I.X.). All topics pertinent to clinical and hospital pharmacy are discussed on The F.I.X.

Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. If you would like information about The Formulary Monograph Service or The F.I.X., call The Formulary at 800-322-4349. The November 2002 monograph topics are adefovir dipivoxil, ximelagatran, agalsidase alfa and agalsidase beta, pemetrexed, and emtricitabine. The DUE is on adefovir dipivoxil.
ADRs Causing Hospital Admissions; A Reader's Tale of Serotonin Syndrome; Adverse Effects of Laxatives; Oxcarbazepine-Induced SIADH; Two Problems with Fluoroquinolones
Authors: Shuster Joel
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this feature is to heighten awareness of specific adverse drug reactions (ADRs), to discuss methods of prevention, and to promote reporting of ADRs to the FDA's medWatch program (800-FDA-1088). If you have reported an interesting preventable ADR to medWatch, please consider sharing the account with our readers.
Infliximab: Ankylosing Spondylitis, Spondyloarthropathies
Authors: Generali Joyce , Cada Dennis J.
Published: January 2018

Off-Label Drug Uses — This Hospital Pharmacy feature is extracted from Off-Label DrugFacts, a quarterly publication available from Facts and Comparisons. Off-Label DrugFacts is a practitioner-oriented resource for information about specific FDA-unapproved drug uses. This new guide to the literature will enable the health care professional/clinician to quickly identify published studies on off-label uses and to determine if a specific use is rational in a patient care scenario. The most relevant data are provided in tabular form so that the reader can easily identify the scope of information available. A summary of the data–including, background, study design, patient population, dosage information, therapy duration, results, safety, and therapeutic considerations–precedes each table of published studies. References direct the reader to the full literature for more comprehensive information prior to patient care decisions. Direct questions or comments on “Off-Label Drug Uses” to hospitalpharmacy@drugfacts.com .
Creating the Digital Peripheral Brain
Authors: Felkey Bill G. , Fox Brent I.
Published: January 2018

Earlier installments in this series focused on PDA fundamentals: hardware, basic functions, software categories. This month, we begin a discussion of advanced clinical applications with an introduction to the Digital Peripheral Brain and its components. Questions or comments should be directed to Bill G. Felkey ( foxbren@auburn.edu ) or Brent I. Fox ( foxbren@auburn.edu ). Address mail to either author at Auburn University Harrison School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Care Systems, 128 Miller Hall, Auburn University AL 36849-5506.
Developing a Web-Based Tool Using Hospital-Specific Cumulative Antibiogram Data
Authors: Ting Yee-Way , Miles Donald
Published: January 2018

Objective

To develop new methods of using hospital-specific antibiograms.

Methods

An electronic database of the results of hospital-specific antibiograms from 1989 to 2001 was constructed. To aid clinicians in selecting empiric treatment for infection, a table of antibiotics of choice with assigned values to corresponding pathogens was derived from the database. A searchable version of the database was also created and installed on the hospital's Web site, as a resource for clinicians. Users may view the data online or download it in personal digital assistant (PDA) format.

Results

The table of antibiotics of choice and the searchable database became available on our hospital Web site, at http://www.sfmc.net/services/allServices/Pharmacy/inpatientPharmacy.html .

Conclusion

This article describes a novel way of using hospital-specific antibiogram data. Beyond spot viewing of a year-long antibiogram, the long-term trends revealed by the database should provide a more in-depth resource for clinicians selecting empiric therapy for infectious diseases. It is hoped that placing this information on the Internet and making it accessible on a PDA will increase the utility of local microbiological data.
Fever; Hospice and Palliative Care
Authors: Generali Joyce A.
Published: January 2018

To help readers monitor the most important developments in specialized areas of pharmacy practice in organized health systems, Hospital Pharmacy commissions Basic Bibliographies by guest editors, who have expertise in their respective fields. These guest editors survey the relevant literature and rank approximately 15 to 20 references that represent the most significant research and practice contributions in their areas. The more fundamental are listed first so that persons with limited time can select reading appropriate to their needs.
Hormone Replacement Therapy and Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Howard Patricia A.
Published: January 2018

This continuing feature will update readers on recent developments in cardiovascular pharmacotherapy. Cardiovascular disease remains the number one killer in the US, and more clinical outcome trials have been conducted in cardiology than in any other field of medicine. Given this rapidly expanding knowledge base, pharmacists can have a significant impact on the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease—if they keep current with developments in drug therapy.
Fulvestrant; Oxaliplatin
Authors: Solimando Dominic A. , Waddell J. Aubrey
Published: January 2018

The increasing complexity of cancer chemotherapy makes it mandatory that pharmacists be familiar with these highly toxic agents. This column focuses on the commercially available and investigational agents used to treat malignant diseases, reviewing issues related to the preparation, dispensing, and administration of cancer chemotherapy.
The Implementation Process (Part 3)
Authors: Miller Alicia S.
Published: January 2018

This continuing feature will inform readers about the process of implementing, maintaining, and supporting computerized prescriber order entry (CPOE) at the Ohio State University Medical Center. (By “prescribers,” we refer to health care professionals authorized to prescribe medications by their states.) Practical information on what worked and what failed will be provided, along with current updates on the status of CPOE at the Medical Center.
New Drugs Approved by the FDA;New Dosage Forms and Indications;Agents Pending FDA Approval;Labeling Changes Related to Safety
Authors: Baker Danial E.
Published: January 2018

This monthly feature will help readers keep current on new drugs, new indications and dosage forms, and safety-related changes in labeling or use. Each month, new information will be added to the table (shown in bold type) and older information will be removed. Efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of the information; however, if there are any questions, let us know at hospitalpharmacy@drugfacts.com .
Use Your Preadmission Process to Enhance Safety;Beware of Drug Names that End in the Letter “L”; It Doesn't Pay to Play the Percentages
Authors: Cohen Michael R.
Published: January 2018

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them in your inservice training programs.

Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the USP Medication Errors Reporting Program, which is presented in cooperation with the Institute for Safe Medication Practices. If you have encountered medication errors and would like to report them, you may call USP toll-free, 24 hours a day, at 800–233–7767 (800–23-ERROR).

Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers' names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below.
Two More Drugs Associated with SIADH;Infliximab-Induced Systemic Lupus Erythematosus;Massive Tendon Xanthomas Associated with HAART;Ischemic Colitis with Sumatriptan;Fatal Hepatic Necrosis Due to Lamotrigine;Antidepressant-Induced Sexual Dysfunction
Authors: Shuster Joel
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this feature is to heighten awareness of specific adverse drug reactions (ADRs), to discuss methods of prevention, and to promote reporting of ADRs to the FDA's medWatch program (800-FDA-1088). If you have reported an interesting preventable ADR to medWatch, please consider sharing the account with our readers.
Hyponatremia in Neurosurgical Patients: Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone or Cerebral Salt Wasting Syndrome?
Authors: Dickerson Roland N.
Published: January 2018

Nutritional Support Consultant features issues pertinent to the clinical aspects of pharmacy nutrition support practice. The column is edited by Dr. Roland Dickerson, Associate Professor of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN.
Metformin: Weight Loss (Antipsychotic–Induced Weight Gain)
Authors: Generali Joyce , Cada Dennis J.
Published: January 2018

Off-Label Drug Uses

This Hospital Pharmacy feature is extracted from Off-Label DrugFacts, a quarterly publication available from Facts and Comparisons. Off-Label DrugFacts is a practitioner-oriented resource for information about specific FDA-unapproved drug uses. This new guide to the literature will enable the health care professional/clinician to quickly identify published studies on off-label uses and to determine if a specific use is rational in a patient care scenario. The most relevant data are provided in tabular form so that the reader can easily identify the scope of information available. A summary of the data—including, background, study design, patient population, dosage information, therapy duration, results, safety, and therapeutic considerations—precedes each table of published studies. References direct the reader to the full literature for more comprehensive information prior to patient care decisions. Direct questions or comments on “Off-Label Drug Uses” to hospitalpharmacy@drugfacts.com .
Implementing PDA Initiatives in Health System Pharmacies
Authors: Liang Huigang , Felkey Bill G.
Published: January 2018

Launching a departmental-level PDA initiative requires careful planning if it is to meet with success. This month's column describes how health system pharmacy managers can develop effective PDA adoption strategies.
Medication Safety in the Pediatric OR
Authors: Levine Stuart
Published: January 2018

This continuing feature will focus on recent advancements in the areas of pediatric and neonatal pharmacology and on methods for reducing medication error risk in this patient population. Most pharmacological agents are designed with the adult in mind, and there is little literature-based data from which to derive dosing schedules and proper drug administration techniques for the pediatric and neonatal patient. Moreover, pharmacological response in this group is not well understood. We hope that this feature will help you provide pharmaceutical care to this high-risk population. Direct questions or comments to Stuart Levine, PharmD, at slevine@nemours.org .
Survey of Preoperative Patients' Use of Herbal Products and Other Selected Dietary Supplements
Authors: Meyer Tricia A. , Baisden Clinton E. , Roberson Charles R. , Gloyna David F. , Rajab Mohammad H. , Woodward Billy W. , Mcleskey Charles H.
Published: January 2018

Purpose

This study was designed to determine the prevalence of herbal and selected dietary product use among preoperative patients.

Methods

A questionnaire listing 26 herbal/dietary supplements was given to 979 preoperative patients in the anesthesia assessment unit. Subjects were asked to indicate the amounts and durations of products taken. Demographic data and proposed surgical procedures were noted.

Results

One hundred and seventy surgical patients (17.4%) reported taking herbal or dietary supplements. Neurosurgical, gynecological, and orthopedic surgical patients reported the highest incidences of use at 21%, 21%, and 20%, respectively. Of patients taking these agents, 34.7% took only one product, 23.5% took two products, 11.2% took three products, and 10.6% took four or more products. The most commonly used herbals, in descending order of frequency, were ginkgo, garlic, ginseng, St. John's wort, and echinacea. Glucosamine, chondroitin, and chromium were the surveyed dietary supplements most widely used. More than 40 herbs were taken occasionally. The median age of users and nonusers was 62 years. Orthopedic patients took glucosamine and chondroitin most commonly, ophthalmic patients took ginkgo most commonly, and urology patients took saw palmetto most commonly.

Conclusion

The adverse effects of herbals and dietary products during surgical procedures and the interactions between these products and anesthetic drugs warrant further research. The use of herbal or dietary supplements may indicate alteration of patients' perioperative regimens.
The Decorative Phases of the Tomb of Sethos II and their Historical Implications
Authors: Dodson Aidan
Published: January 2018

A consideration of the decoration of the tomb of Sethos II in the Valley of the Kings and the implications of its sequence of development for the history of the late Nineteenth Dynasty. It is argued that the decoration of the tomb, which may show up to eleven separate phases, is best explained by the assumption that the king's reign was interrupted by the rule, in Upper Egypt, of Amenmesse.
Note on the Pyramidion Found at Dahshur
Authors: Rossi Corinna
Published: January 2018

The significant discrepancy between the slope of the pyramidion found at Dahshur and the slope of the Red Pyramid, beside which it was found, suggests that this pyramidion might have been planned for another pyramid. Study of surviving pyramidia and the evidence provided by the other pyramids in the area seem to point to the second stage of the construction of the Bent Pyramid as its original destination.
Hori, Hoherpriester des Amun
Authors: Pamminger Peter
Published: January 2018

The obscure High Priest of Amon, Hori, is generally placed at the end of the Nineteenth Dynasty, but according to the monuments of his son, the lieutenant-commander of chariotry, Kanakht, he must have lived in the time of Ramesses II, and, even more precisely, most probably flourished around Year 24 of that ruler.
The Cognitive Infrastructure of Opportunity Emergence
Authors: Krueger Norris F.
Published: January 2018

Before we can act on opportunities we must first identify those opportunities. Understanding what promotes or inhibits entrepreneurial activity thus requires understanding how we construct perceived opportunities. Seeing a prospective course of action as a credible opportunity reflects an intentions-driven process driven by known critical antecedents. Based on well-developed theory and robust empirical evidence, we propose an intentions-based model of the cognitive infrastructure that supports or inhibits how we perceive opportunities. We discuss how this model both integrates past findings and guides future research. We also show the practical diagnostic power this model offers to managers.
A Preliminary Assessment of Outsider Assistance as a Knowledge Resource: The Longer-Term Impact of New Venture Counseling
Authors: Chrisman James J. , McMullan W. Ed
Published: January 2018

Using resource-based theory to explain why outside assistance might influence new venture performance, we track the longer-term performance of two samples of entrepreneurs who received SBDC counseling and subsequently started businesses. Results indicate that the ventures had higher than expected rates of survival, growth, and innovation, suggesting that outsider assistance during the early stages of a venture's development can influence its subsequent development. Public policy implications of the SBDC's counseling strategy are discussed.
Research Note University-sponsored Family Business Programs: Program Characteristics, Perceived Quality and Member Satisfaction
Authors: Kaplan Thomas E. , George Gerard , Rimler George W.
Published: January 2018

University-sponsored family business programs act as important sources of continuing education and information for family businesses. In spite of rapid growth of such programs, relatively little research has focused on member satisfaction and member perceptions of program usefulness and quality. This study is the first to actively seek the cooperation of administrators and members of family business programs to study issues of content, program attributes, and member perceptions. Using 333 member responses (36% response rate) from 21 university-sponsored programs, perceptions of program content, usefulness, and satisfaction are analyzed. Results provide insight for program directors about how to run programs that best meet the needs of member families.
Structuring Family Business Succession: An Analysis of the Future Leader's Decision Making
Authors: Shepherd Dean A. , Zacharakis Andrew
Published: January 2018

This article examines the perception of potential family business leaders from a behavioral economics theory perspective. The findings suggest that high financial and behavioral sunk costs, as well as the requirement to ‘earn’ the right to lead the family business results in the future leader valuing the business more highly. Only financial sunk costs lowered the successor's proclivity to take risky action after acquiring the business. Therefore founders should structure succession so that the future leader incurs both financial and behavioral sunk costs as well as hold the future leader to stringent performance requirements prior to the succession.
The Value of Patience and Start-up Firms: A Re-Examination of Entry Timing for Emerging Markets
Authors: Tegarden Linda F. , Echols Ann E. , Hatfield Donald E.
Published: January 2018

We investigate how changing technological and industry conditions in emerging markets, driven by product innovation, affect the exit rates of start-up versus established firms. We find that these changing conditions have different outcomes for start-up and established firms. We assert that the higher rates of exit for start-ups compared to established firms is due to start-up firms' lower ability to adapt both to technology and industry changes that occur with technological progress. We test this assertion by comparing the rate of exit of start-up firms to established firms that entered the U.S. personal computer market between 1975 and 1988.