bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gujarat Genotype Responses to Spraying with Arginine and Tryptophan and Their Effects on Secondary Metabolite Compounds
Authors: Al-Jumaili Mohammed Ali Mahmood , Al-Mohammedi Akeel Nagime Abood
Published: December 2023

The effect of cultivars (Arib, Sudan 3, Black Heat, and Red Heat) and spraying with different concentrations of arginine tryptophan (comparative treatment and spraying with arginine 50 mg L-1 and sprayWith tryptophan 50 mg L-1 and sprayWith arginine 50 mg L-1) was studied in a field experiment conducted in the summer of 2022 at the Agricultural Research Station of the Department of Field Crops in the College of Agriculture at the University of Ti Using a method of global experiments with three replications and a randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D), this study found statistically significant variations in the content of several active chemicals between the sepal leaves. Included are the antioxidants vitamin C, gallic acid, rutin, quercetin, ferulic acid, and ferulic acid. Data ranged from 68.15 to 96.25 parts per million, with intermediate readings of 84.13, 17.18, 54.13, and 70.31. When compared to 50 mg L-1 of either arginine or tryptophan alone, the combination was markedly more effective. And stood for. 18% chlorogenic acid, 16% caffeic acid, 17% rutin, 17% gallic acid, 17% glycine, 16% ferulic acid, 34% ascorbic acid, and 34% ascorbic acid. Heat heating with a mixture of arginine (50 mg L-1) and tryptophan (50 mg L-1) enhanced the amount of some active chemicals in the sepal leaves.
The Ideal Seeding Rate of Rice Cultivars Depending on Grain Yield
Authors: Al-Mashhadani Ahmed Shehab , Al-Budeiri Muntadher Hammadi , Al-Khazali Ammar Jasim , Hassan Saad Fleah , Kadhem Ali Nadhem , Harbi Huda Hussien
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to determine the optimum seeding rate of rice (Oryza Sativa L.) cultivars in iraq. The experiment was conducted at Al Diwaniyah Research Station, Agricultural Research Office/Ministry of Agriculture for two seasons 2019 and 2021. A Factorial Experiment Design was used According to RCBD design in an order of split plot with three replicates, The main plots occupied the cultivars factor which was: - Yasamine (Y), Forat (F), Dijla (D), Baraka (B), Gadeer (G) and Anbar (A). While the seeding rate factor filled sub plots: - 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140 Kg ha-1. The research results for both seasons, indicated that each cultivar had an ideal seeding rate, as the seeding rate for the Y variety is 120 kgha-1, as it gave the best leaf area, the weight of 1000 grain, and the grains panicles-1, which was reflected in the best grain yield at this level. The results also showed that the seeding rate for the F variety was 140 kgha-1, as it gave the best plant height, panicles m-2, weight of 1000 grain, and grains panicles-1, thus giving the best grain yield at this level. The results showed that the seeding rate for variety D was 140 kgha-1, which gave the best plant height, leaf area, panicles m-2, and grains panicles-1, which reflected positively on the best grain yield at this level. The results indicated that the seeding rate for variety B was kgha-1, as it gave the best plant height, panicle m-2, unfertility, and grains panicles-1, which was reflected in the best grain yield at this level. As for the G variety, the best seeding rate was 120 kgha-1, as it excelled in all the studied treatments (plant height, panicle length, leaf area, panicles m-2, weight of 1000 grain, unfertility, and grains panicles-1), which was significantly reflected on the grain yield at this level. Whereas, cultivar A showed that the best seeding rate was 140 kgha-1 if it gave the best plant height, leaf area and panicles m-2 and thus gave the best grain yield at this level.
Impact of Weed and Seeding Rates on Crop Growth Rate of Five Barley Cultivars
Authors: Mishkhal Al-Sadiq Fawzi Mayouf , Al-Majidi Layla Ismail Mohammad
Published: December 2023

A randomized complete block design with split-split plot arrangement was used to evaluate the effects of weeds and seeding rates on barley cultivar growth rate and yield in the College of Engineering Agricultural Sciences - University of Baghdad - Jadriyah fields in winter 2021–2022. The main plots had two treatments, weedy and weed-free, and the subplots had 120, 140, and There were significant differences in dry matter weight, crop growth rate, and yield between cultivars. The cultivar Amal had the highest grain yield per unit area (6.98 tons ha-1), dry matter weight at full flowering and physiological maturity (46.80 and 57.60 g), and crop growth rate from planting to 60 days (8.20 g m-2 day-1). Samir also had the highest dry matter weight after 60 and 90 days (37.60 and 61.68 g) and crop growth rate from 90 days to full flowering (7.96 g m-2 day-1). The cultivar IPA 256 had the highest crop growth rate from 60 to 90 days, full flowering to physiological maturity, and planting to physiological maturity (8.61, 34.14, 6.23, and 7.96 g m-2 day-1). The seeding rate of 160 kg ha-1 outperformed the other rates in dry matter weight after 60 and 90 days, at full flowering and physiological maturity (40.04, 62.50, 66.89, and 148.51 g, respectively), crop growth rate from planting to 60 days, 90 days, full flowering, physiological maturity, The weed-free treatment outperformed the other treatments in dry matter weight and crop growth rate from full flowering to physiological maturity and from planting to physiological maturity in all barley growth and yield traits. Since the crop growth rate was highest between planting and full flowering, we can infer that the weedy treatments prioritized vegetative growth over reproductive growth. In the weed-free treatment, however, the trend was toward more robust reproduction. In addition, the biological yield (total dry matter weight) increased as seeding rates were raised, and this translated into a higher grain yield. According to a study that compared crop growth rates from planting to 60 days after planting, Amal was the most effective cultivar at outcompeting weeds in the early stages of crop development, leading to the highest yield.
Evaluation of Vitamin D3-Conjugated Selenium Nanoparticles (Se-NPs) on White Blood Cells, Liver, and Kidney Functions in Induced Immunosuppressed Rats
Authors: AbdAlAziz Saif E. , Thalij Karkaz M. , Zakaria Mohamed Gh.
Published: December 2023

The research was aimed of the to associate selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) previously synthesized using Aspergillus niger with vitamin D3 and to determine the effect of oral administration of each of them on some blood picture parameters and liver and kidney function parameters in laboratory rats in which immunosuppression was induced. The results showed that the color of the solution containing vitamin D3 with selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) changed from orange to pale as an initial indication of the coupling of Se-NPs with D3. Absorption UV-Visible Light Spectroscopy and their sizes are at 52.90 nm when measured using the X-ray diffraction technique, and the scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that they are in the form of irregular spherical granules, whose sizes ranged from 5 to 135 nm. The state of immunosuppression of male laboratory rats using Sandimmune caused a negative effect in the significant reduction (p<0.05) of the numbers of white blood cells that were at 2230 (Cell × 106), as well as in the impairment of liver and kidney functions, and their levels increased significantly. Se-NPs (T3) or vitamin D3 (T4) alone or their conjugate solution (T5) modified the numbers of white blood cells, which became 6080, 4871, and 7164 (Cell × 106), respectively. It also caused a significant modification of the parameters of kidney and liver functions and returned them to their normal levels in the control group.
Effect of Different Concentrations of Copper Spray on the Growth and Yield Characteristics of Different Cultivars of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Ghaffar Rawaa Abdul , Muhammad Enas Ismail
Published: December 2023

The growth and yield characteristics of five different varieties of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were examined in this study, which was conducted at the research station of the Field Crops Department of the College of Agriculture / University of Tikrit during the agricultural season (2022-2023). The tested concentrations of copper were 0, 5, 10, and 15 mg L-1. The experiment used a split-plot system with three replications and a Randomized Complete Block design (R.C.B.D). Six factors were analyzed for this study: flowering percentage, flag leaf area, spike length, spike number per m2, grain yield per spike, and grain yield per m2. The values for the characteristics (area of the flag leaf, number of spikes m-2, number of grains per spike, and total grain yield) indicate that the interaction between Bohuth 22 and a concentration of 15 mg L-1 was superior. The values are (52.23 cm2), (401.33 spike m-2), (75.16 grains of spike-1), and (3785.6 kg.h-1). The characteristic of spike length (16.13 cm) was particularly well-represented by the interaction between the cultivar Bohuth 10 and the concentration of 15 mg L-1.
Fortification of Vegetable Oils – A review
Authors: Rajab Zena M. , Kareem Abdulkareem A.
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted for the purpose of knowing the benefits of fortification of oils and their sustainability in a wider way to increase the shelf life of oils and fight free radicals resulting from oxidation and damage of oils by using types of natural or industrial food additives that change the physicochemical properties of oils such as acidity number, peroxide number and fatty acids, and also for the purpose of adding properties Multiple oils, such as increasing the percentage of vitamins and antioxidants in the oil and making it more suitable for human use. This study was conducted in order to find out the benefits of strengthening oils and their sustainability in a wider way to increase the shelf life of oils and fight free radicals resulting from oxidation and damage of oils by using types of natural or industrial food additives that change the physical and chemical properties of oils such as acidity number, peroxide number and fatty acids, and also for the purpose of adding properties to multiple oils, such as increasing the percentage of vitamins and antioxidants in the oil and making it more suitable for human use. Usually, the oil is fortified before the oil is filled and preserved, where a mixture of natural ingredients such as (vitamins, spices, and herbs) is added, or synthetic ingredients such as (BHA, BHT, or TBHQ) are added. Oil fortification as a concept, technology, and quality control processes have been around long enough to be reliable for long-term national production.
Effect of Adding Different Concentrations of Olevera Extract on the Microbial and Sensory Characteristics of Manufactured Yogurt During Storage Periods
Authors: Khalel Angham Munther , Salih Ghazwan Mahdy , Al-Janabi Ahmed Muhsin
Published: December 2023

Current study aims to know the effect of adding different concentrations of Olevera extract on the microbial and sensory characteristics of the manufactured yogurt. Microbial tests were conducted that included (total number of bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, coliform yeasts and molds) as well as sensory evaluation including (color, flavor, freshness, taste and general acceptance). Where it is noted that the total number of bacteria increased with the increase of Olevera extract, while the number of lactic acid bacteria decreased with the increase in Olevera concentrations, and the number of coliforms decreased with the increase of Olevera extract, Olevera completely inhibits yeasts and molds, as no growth was detected during the experiment obtained on the Olevera extract, and the results of the sensory evaluation showed that the Olevera extract did not have a negative effect on the sensory properties of yogurt with regard to the concentrations used in the experiment compared with the control group, as the Olevera extract did not affect It had a significant effect on the characteristics of flavor, texture and general acceptability in low concentrations, while its results recorded a significant effect on color and freshness. These results are consistent with the results of samples obtained after storage, as the study helped to improve microbial characteristics by increasing the main microbial concentrations of made yogurt, as well as improving the characteristics Sensuality of lab-grown yogurt.
A study of the Chemical Composition, Vitamins and Minerals of Four Varieties of Raisins
Authors: Maki Rawan Raad , Yasin Sabraa Saad
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to use four varieties of raisins (Iraqi, Turkish, Indian, and American). The chemical analysis showed that the American variety had a higher percentage of moisture and protein than the other two (26.30 and 16.68 percent, respectively), while the Indian variety had a higher percentage of ash and fiber (2.1 and 4.6 percent, respectively). The Turkish variety stood out for its higher fat content (1.2 percent), and the Iraqi variety had a higher carbohydrate content (67.86 percent). As for estimating the percentage of total vitamins (vitamin C and water-soluble vitamins group B), the results of estimating vitamin C in raisins showed the following results for the four varieties (2.99 mg / 100 g; 5.48 mg / 100 g; 7.60 mg / 100 g; 7.15 mg / 100 g), respectively, and the values of vitamin B group (B1 -- B2 - B3) in the four types of raisins, which were estimated using the HPLC device. 0.47 mg/100 g and 0.42 mg/100 g, respectively. The results of estimating the mineral elements (K, Na, Ca, Mg, Cu, Mn, Zn, and Fe) in the four raisin varieties showed that the potassium element K was recorded at the level of Potential 5% high ratios compared to the rest of the other elements, where the highest value was recorded for the Turkish variety (235 mg per 100 g) and the lowest value for the Iraqi variety (218 mg per 100 g). It was the highest value in the American variety and the lowest value in the Iraqi variety. As for calcium Ca, we note that it had the highest value in the American variety (46.02 mg per 100 g) and the lowest value in the Iraqi variety (39.05 mg per 100 g). While we find that the Iraqi and Turkish varieties recorded consecutive values for the Iraqi Mg element (19.05 mg/100 g), the Turkish (20.04 mg/100 g), as well as the Indian (22.09 mg/100 g), and the American (23.06 mg/100 g), As for the copper element Cu, we find that its value for the American variety (2.25 mg/100 g) recorded the highest values, and the Iraqi variety (1.22 mg/100 g) recorded the lowest values. As for the element manganese, Mn, it recorded low percentages in all varieties compared to the rest of the other elements. And for the iron element Fe, we note that the Indian variety (2.72 mg/100 g) has outperformed the other three varieties. As for the element Zn, we find its value in the Iraqi, Turkish, Indian, and American varieties. Significant differences were recorded between the varieties, as the highest value was recorded for the American variety (2.42 mg/100 g) and the lowest value for the Iraqi variety (1.17 mg/100 g).
The Influence of Adding Banana Peel Powder on the Quality of Pan Bread
Authors: Shammari Bushra B. J.
Published: December 2023

This study’s objective was to show how nutritious banana peel powder. Moreover, to use BPP as a cheap alternative to wheat flour in bread. The results of BPP at different concentrations (0,2,6 and 10%), as well as the sensory qualities of bread. The BPP is also regarded as a beneficial protein source (7.6%), ash (9.66%) and.. Physical and chemical characteristics of bread made by partially replacing wheat flour with banana peel powder were examined. It has been established that banana peel contains a significant amount of nutrients which should not be disregarded or squandered. banana peel can become a value-added product in the food sector by being processed into powder. The powder’s flowability declines. banana peel was discovered to have a high tapped density 0.41 g/ml, and Carr’s Index 14.21 %, pH value was 6.15. This powder was high in total dietary fiber 17.99 %. Additionally, functional properties of this powder were high, the water-holding capacity 6g/g, oil-holding capacity 3.4g/g and swelling capacity 15.33 ml/g. As a result, this study showed that the ripe banana peel powder has a chance to be used as a functional food ingredient. It is advised that BPP be utilized up to 6 % to complement and enhance the qualitative qualities of bread as a result of this research at a level that has several health advantages. numerous dishes gain nutritional value from the banana peel. banana peels as a cheap and abundant source, utilization, and enrichment of nutrients.
Effect of Fortifying Sunflower Oil with Different Levels of Turmeric Powder and Studying its Physicochemical Properties
Authors: Rajab Zena M. , Kareem Abdulkareem A.
Published: December 2023

Turmeric powder was added to sunflower oil at different concentrations (0, 2, 4, 6)%. The oil was stored for 21 days at a temperature of 60 °C for the purpose of studying the physicochemical properties of the oil. The viscosity was the highest value (65.46) centipedes for the sample fortified with 6% turmeric in the period (21) days, and the lowest value for the control sample was (65.46) centipedes in the period (21) days. It was found that the highest refractive index value was found in the control sample, which amounted to 1.497 during a period of (21) days, while the lowest value of the refractive index was in the 2% sample fortified with turmeric, and amounted to 1.465, a day during a period of (21) days. While the highest concentration of the density was (0.855) g. / cm for the 6% sample fortified with turmeric in the period (21) days, while the lowest concentration of the control sample was (803.0) g / cm in the period (21) days. Also, the highest pH value was (3.85) mg / potassium hydroxide / gm at the 21-day period for the control sample, and the lowest concentration for the 2% sample supported with turmeric was (1.25) mg / potassium hydroxide / gm at the 21-day period. While the highest value of the iodine number for the 6% sample fortified with turmeric was (125.52) in the period (0) days, and the lowest value of the iodine number for the control sample of sunflower oil was (110.63) during the period (21) days. While the highest value of the peroxide number for the control sample was (5.53) mg / potassium hydroxide / gm in the period (21) days, and the lowest value for the 2% sample fortified with turmeric was (3.15) mg / potassium hydroxide / gm in the period (21) days. It was observed that the highest level of saponification number in the control sample amounted to (214.60) mg / potassium hydroxide / g during storage periods (21 days) and the lowest value of the saponification number in the 2% sample fortified with turmeric when it reached (191.04) mg / potassium hydroxide / g during the storage period. (21 days. It was found that the highest value of thiobarbituric acid for the control sample was (4.53) mmaldehyde/kg oil in the period of (21) days, while the lowest value was for the 2% sample fortified with turmeric, as it amounted to (2.37) mmaldehyde/kg oil in the period (21) days.
Partial Purification, Characterization of Protease Extract from Ginger and its Effect on lipid profile and Liver Function
Authors: Abbas Ayat Adnan
Published: December 2023

A ginger rhizome from the local market, Zingiber officinale var. Bentong, was used to extract protease. The activity of the protease was estimate during the extraction, the effects of pH and stabilizer were investigated. The best conditions were found to be a buffer of sodium phosphate, pH 7, 10 mM cysteine, and 5 mM EDTA as stabilizer. During the extraction process, 1% of crude ginger protease (GP) yield with a specific activity of 198 U/mg protein was generated. The protease functioned best at a pH of 7.0 and 60 °C, respectively. The effect of partially purified ginger protease on cholesterol (lipid profile) and liver function in mice was investigated.
Impact of Lepidium meyenii Roots Addition on Reproductive Hormones and Some Productive Traits in Awassi Male Lambs
Authors: Qasim Najwan A. , Al-Abbasi Hasan Hadi
Published: December 2023

The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of addition of black Maca (Lepidium meyenii) roots powder on luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone, thyroxine and growth hormone (GH) concentrations, and some productive traits like body weight and body condition score (BCS) in Awassi lambs. In this study, 32 Awassi male lambs 8-month-olds were divided randomly into two treatment groups (16 lambs each): first group lambs were fed basal ration plus 1g/head/day of black Maca roots powder (T1), while the second group lambs were fed basal ration only (T2), the duration of study was two months. Results revealed that LH, FSH, testosterone and GH concentrations were higher (P ≤ 0.05) in lambs fed black Maca roots powder than those fed basal ration only. Furthermore, body weight, and body condition score (BCS) in lambs fed black Maca roots powder were higher (P ≤ 0.05) than in those fed basal ration only. In conclusion, addition of black Maca roots powder improved reproductive hormone concentrations as well as growth hormone concentrations and enhanced body weight in Awassi male lambs.
Survey of some Fish Species from Different Localities in Baghdad
Authors: Ghazwan Muhammad I.
Published: December 2023

This study is concerned with a survey of seven species belonging to seven genera under two families and two orders found in some different areas of the Tigris River, especially since these areas have not been surveyed for a long time, and an attempt to identify the existing species at the present time after the recent water scarcity of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers and all water bodies interior of Iraq and the impact of this scarcity on the fish diversity found in some areas of the Tigris River in Baghdad.
Detecting Polymorphisms of Mutation (C327T) rs 417415931 of Gene Foxo3 and its Associations with Reproductive Performance of Awassi Sheep
Authors: Ibadi Nahedh Hamzah , Senkal Riath Hamad
Published: December 2023

The experimental samples for the current study included 45 sheep of the local Awassi breed, whose ages ranged between (2-4) years. These ewes produced 54 newborns, and their ages ranged from birth to the sixth month, and for the period from 1/2/2022 to 25/6/2022. The experiment was conducted. For this study, the field side was carried out at the Al-Fayhaa cow farm and station of the Directorate of Agriculture of Babylon / Ministry of Agriculture. As for the laboratory side, laboratory analyzes were conducted in the laboratories of the Scientific Advancement Company specialized in molecular genetics for the period from 1/5/2022 to 6/20/2022. With the aim of isolating the substance GeneticsDNA and the effect of the genetic morphology of the 417415931 (C327T) rs mutation and the study of the relationship of this genetic morphology with the productive traits represented in daily milk production (DMY), milk components, growth traits for lambs, traits related to maternal body dimensions, live weight of mothers and type of birth. This mutation was found in the plot. Studied with a molecular size of 365 bp) from exon number 2 for the Foxo3 gene, through the DNA nucleotide sequencing technique. This mutation produced three genotypes (CC, CT, and TT), with distribution ratios of (2.28, 36.36, 61.36)% sequentially, and the variance between these ratios was highly significant (p≤0.01), and the allelic frequency was (0.20, 0.80) for each of the C and T alleles. Respectively. It was found that the effect of the genotypes of the Foxo3 gene was not significant in the studied traits, as the ratios were close between the genotypes produced by the wild, the hybrid, and the pure genotype. It can be concluded from the results of this study not to rely on this mutation formed by the Foxo3 gene, and to adopt it as a genetic marker to improve productive traits or genital.
Tribulus terrestris Seeds’ Effects on some Physiological Blood Characteristics and some Reproductive Hormones of Awassi Lambs
Authors: Qasim Najwan A. , Al-Abbasi Hasan Hadi
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the current study was to determine the impact supplementing powdered Tribulus terrestris (T.T.) seeds on the Red Blood Cells (RBCs) and white blood cells (WBCs) number and hemoglobin (HB), total protein (TP), triglyceride (TG), albumin (ALB) and globulin (GLOB)} levels in the blood, and concentration of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and Testosterone in Awassi lambs. In this study, 32 male Awassi lambs 8-month-old were randomly divided into two groups (each group contains 16 animals). The first group (T1) was given a basal ration plus 3 grams of powdered T.T. seeds per animal per day, while the second group (T2) was given a basal ration only. The period of study was two months. The results revealed that there was a significant effect (P ≤0.05) for (T1) on (T2) in the number of RBCs and HB concentration, also, the results showed that T1greater than T2 in FSH, LH and testosterone concentrations in the blood.
Evaluation of the Addition of Different Percentages of Gum Arabic Powder (Acacia Senegal) to Diets on the Productive Performance of Ross 308 Broilers
Authors: Al-Fahad Mohammed Essa Abd , Al-Mashhdani H. Essa
Published: December 2023

Over the course of 35 days (“from 11/21/2021 to 12/25/2021”), 150 day-old, unsexed Ross 308 broiler chicks were used in an experiment conducted in the poultry field of the College of Agriculture at the University of Karbala to determine the effects of varying percentages of gum arabic powder (Acacia Senegal) added to the diet of broiler chickens on certain productive characteristics. Five treatments were used, with three replicates of ten chicks per treatment, and gum arabic was included in the diet beginning on day one. T1 = No-addition therapy control, T2: gum arabic added at a rate of 2.5 gm per kilogram of feed, T3: 4.5 gm per kilogram of feed, T4: 6.5 gm per kilogram of feed, and T5: 8.5 gm per kilogram of feed. Food conversion coefficient improved for different weeks in the experiment compared to the remainder of the experimental and control coefficients, and average body weight and weight gain increased considerably (P<0.05) under the treatment of adding 6.5 mg of gum arabic / kg feed.
The Influence of Feeding a Moringa Oleifera Leaf Aqueous Extract on the Biochemical Attributes of the Lohmann Brown Rooster Breed
Authors: Jaber Ahmad Saadi , Ali Emad Abd Al-Jabbar
Published: December 2023

This experiment was conducted at the Department of Animal Production in the Faculty of Agriculture at Al-Qasim Green University from December 8, 2022, to February 15, 2023. It lasted for 10 weeks and aimed to see what effect, if any, different concentrations of an aqueous extract of the leaves of the Moringa Oleifera plant had on the reproductive and physiological qualities and the hatching and fertilisation rates of rooster breeders of the laying hen. An aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves can be added to 20 ml of drinking water to improve its nutritional value, while 40 ml of extract can be used to improve the nutritional value of 1 litre of water. A 60 ml dose of Moringa Oleifera leaf aqueous extract per litre of drinking water is recommended for the fourth treatment, while an 80 ml dose is recommended for the fifth. There were no statistically significant differences between the treatments for the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and the findings revealed an increase at the level (P0.05) in the LH hormone in the fifth treatment compared to the control treatment (T1) and the other addition treatments. A comparison of the testosterone levels between Treatment 1 (control) and the other supplementary Treatments indicated that Treatment 4 produced significantly higher levels of testosterone (P0.01). Malondialdehyde (MDA) enzyme levels were found to be significantly lower in the fourth treatment compared to the control treatmenT1 and the rest of the supplementary treatments, with the third and fifth treatments also showing significant superiority over the control treatmenT1 and the second treatment (P0.05 for both comparisons).
The Nature of the Composition of the Fish Community in One of the Drains of Al-Alam District – Salah Al-Din – Iraq
Authors: Hassan Ahmed Sabah , Wahab Nehad Khorsheed
Published: December 2023

The study was conducted in one of the drain in AL-Ahd Al-Jaded - Al-Alam - Salah Al-Din Governorate for the period from the beginning of October 2022 to the end of March of the year 2023, where the number of fish species caught in the two study stations reached 15 species, of which 12 belong to the Cyprinidae family, one to the Poeciliidae family, and one to the. Al-Mugilidae family and a type of family Mastacembelidae. The types of fish that he collected (Chondrostoma regium, Carassius auratus, Carasobarbus luteus, Alburnus mossulensis, Cyprinion kais Planiliza abu, Arabibarbus grypus Cyprinus carpio Gambusia holbrooki, Acanthobrama marmid, mastacembelus, Barbus belayewi, Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi, Garra rufa). The Cyprinidae family is considered the largest percentage of species in water bodies in Iraq, according to previous studies. It was found that there were three species in most of the fishing samples that were collected during the study period for a period of six months: Chondrostoma regium, Carassius auratus, Carasobarbus luteus. The number of fish caught was 566 fish with a total weight of 19844 grams. The Chondrostoma regium came first with 257, or 45.40% of the total number, the Carassius auratus, with 172, or 30.38% of the total number, and the Carasobarbus luteus, with 53, or 9.76% of the total number. The arassius auratus accounted for the largest percentage in terms of weight at 48.23%, Chondrostoma regium ranked second at 20.94%, and the third rank by Carasobarbus luteus at 18.61%, and the lowest percentage by weight was the share of the Garra rufa by 0.05%.
Physiological Changes Caused by Dietary Proanthocyanidin Supplementation at Varying Doses in Laying Hens
Authors: Abbas Nbras Kadhim , Ali Nihad Abdul–Lateef
Published: December 2023

The research was carried out at the college of Agriculture/Al-Qasim Green University’s Department of Animal Production farm. Beginning on March 19, 2022, and ending on July 2, 2022, the experimental field trial lasted a total of 16 weeks (four intervals of four weeks each). The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of supplementing chicken diets with varying concentrations of the Proanthocyanidin chemical on egg production, quality, and oxidation markers. During the experiment’s breeding phase, which lasted for 50 weeks, 105 Lohmann brown laying hens were split into four groups: those aged 57-60 weeks, 61-64” weeks, and 65-68 weeks. A total of 21 birds were randomly assigned to one of five experimental treatments, with three replicates per 7 birds in each treatment (as per the standard standards outlined in the Lohmann Brown Layer Managements Guide). This is what we found to work in our clinical trials: The initial procedure: a no-additions control group. Second, 100 milligrammes of proanthocyanidin per kilogramme of feed was given to a standard diet. Third, we have a standard diet with 200 milligrammes of proanthocyanidin per kilogramme of feed. Fourthly, a standard diet with 300 milligrammes of Proanthocyanidin per kilogramme of feed was used. In the sixth treatment, 400 milligrammes of proanthocyanidin per kilogramme of feed is given to a standard diet. The study found mostly these results: Compared to the control group, the third, fourth, and fifth treatments significantly increased (p≤0.05) egg production rate, total eggs laid, egg weight, egg mass, and feed conversion coefficient. - The shell’s relative weight and thickness were found to be optimal for treatments three, four, and five, while albumin height (mm) and hu units improved significantly (p≤0.05) for treatments four and five compared to the control treatment.
Impact of Age Groups on some Cellular Parameters of Male and Female Local Goats
Authors: Al-Yasery Ahmed Jawad , Majhoo Haider Haleem , Al-Gharawi Jassim Kassim
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted to determine the effect of age groups (The first group from 4-8 months, the second group from 9-12 months, and the third group from 13-16 months), on some parameters of cellularity of male and female local goats, at College of Agriculture, Al-Muthanna University, from 1/10/2022 to 1/5/2023. Blood samples were collected from the slaughterhouses at Al-Muthanna Governorate for males and females of local goats. The results indicated that the third age group (13-16 months) led to a significant increase on WBC, RBC, HCT, MCV and MPV in the blood of local male goats, significant decrease on RBC, HCT, MCH and MCHC with a significant increase in MPV in the blood of local female goats.
Impact of Supplementing Anise with Black Seeds Powder on Productive Performance of Broilers
Authors: Azzez Mohammed M. Abdul , Fahad Majeed Ali , Ali Rehab H.
Published: December 2023

The research had been conducted to investigate the effect of Anise with black seeds powder with their blend on some productive traits of broilers Atotal of 3600, one day old chicks (Ross 308) were used and distributed on four equal treatments. Chicks in the first treatment were fed on an ordinary ration without any addition (control), the second treatment were fed on the same ordinary ration supplemented with 2.0%. Anise powder, the third treatment had been fed on the same ordinary ration supplemented with 0.3% Black seed powder. Meanwhile the fourth treatment had been fed on the same ordinary ration supplemented with the blend of 2.0% Anise powder with 0.3% Black seeds powder Result of the research had revealed a significant surpassing of the body weights, weight gains as well as improvement of the feed conversion rate and dressing percentage of broilers that had fed on the feed supplements of Anise with Black seeds powder.
Effect of Aqueous Extract of Dill leaves (AEDL) on some Traits of Ram Epididymal Sperms under Cooling Conditions
Authors: Al-Dulimi Ayman Ali H. , Al-Sadoon Ali Abdullah Zuairi
Published: December 2023

The current study was conducted in the Graduate Studies Laboratory of the College of Agriculture, Al-Muthanna University, for the period from December 3, 2022 to March 9, 2023, to determine the effect of an aqueous extract of dill leaves ( AEDL)on some properties of epididymal sperms of rams under cooling conditions of 5 °C for different periods. The aqueous extract of dill leaves was prepared and kept in the refrigerator until the time of use. The epididymal sperms were obtained from the testis of Rams that slaughters in the local slaughterhouse of Al-Muthanna Governorate, the testicles were transferred to the laboratory less than an hour after the slaughter of the animal, the caudal epididymis was diluted with a Tris diluent containing 3% concentration of aqueous extract of dill leaves. The results of using the aqueous extract of dill leaves showed a significant increase (P<0.01) in the percentage of live sperm, Individual motility, and a decrease in the percentage of abnormal sperms. While the use of the extract did affect the percentage of the integrity of acrosome represented by the hypo osmotic swelling test (HOST) at the 0 time of cooling preservation, The Increasing of the time of sperm cooling.leads to a decreases in the percentage of live sperm, HOST, individual motility, with an increase in the percentage of abnormal sperms. The use of the aqueous extract of dill leaves at different times resulted in a significant effect(P< 0.01) on the percentage of live sperm, individual motility, while it did not significantly affect the percentage of abnormal sperm, and there were no significant differences in the percentage of HOST. according to the results of this study We can conclude to adding the aqueous extract of dill leaves to Improve the physical traits of rams epididymal sperm include the live sperm and individual motility under cooling conditions for different periods.
Genetic Variants of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) Gene and Their Relationship with Productive Traits in Ross 308 Broilers
Authors: Mohsin Duha Gheni , Abdul Kareem Ali A.
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between different genetic variants of the insulin-like growth factor 1 IGF-1 gene and some productive traits in Ross 308 broilers. A total of 150 one-day-old chicks were reared under good management conditions based on the rearing guide and a free-range feeding system. The birds were numbered, and their weights were recorded weekly to calculate weekly weight gain. Other weekly body measurements were also taken. After the rearing period, blood samples were collected from the birds via the wing vein, followed by slaughter and weighing of the carcass to determine the dressing percentage. The main and secondary cuts were weighed, and chest dimensions were measured. DNA was extracted, and three genetic structures were identified using sequencing technology, including GG, GT, and TT, with genetic structure proportions of 0.34, 0.58, and 0.08, respectively. The allele frequencies of G and T were 0.63 and 0.37, respectively. The results showed a significant superiority (P≤0.05) in weight and weekly weight gain for the TT genetic variant in the third, fourth, and fifth weeks compared to the other genetic variants (GT and GG). The TT variant also exhibited superiority in chest circumference in the third and fifth weeks and chest width in the third week. On the other hand, the TT and GG genetic variants showed superiority in chest width in the second and fourth weeks. The TT variant also demonstrated superiority in carcass weight and chest length compared to the other genetic variants. Moreover, the study revealed a significant increase (P≤0.05) in the dressing percentage, relative weight of the chest, wings, and back for the GT and GG genetic variants compared to the TT genetic variant. The GT variant also showed superiority in the relative weight of the thighs. However, there were no significant differences among the genetic variants in the relative weight of the neck and chest depth.
A study of the Relationship of Polymorphisms of the PPARGC1A Gene with Milk Production and its Components, in Holstein Friesian Cows
Authors: Al-Muhja Raed Kawkab , Yousief Muntaha Yacoob , Al-Khauzai Allawi Luaibi Dagher
Published: December 2023

This research was done at a Molecular Genetics lab at the College of Agriculture at the University of Basrah. The objective of this study is to determine how Holstein Friesian cows’ PPARGC1A genetic polymorphism affects milk production and its constituent parts. For milk production and quality standards, 59 Holstein Friesian cows from Taj Al-Nahrain station in Al-Diwaniyah are employed. Blood was drawn for genomic DNA, and the PPARGC1A gene was amplified using PCR. The samples were then transferred to the Korean firm Macrogene for DNA sequencing analysis. Morning milk 50ml samples were collected once each week., and after taking the samples during the milking process, they were evaluated for quality using the Julie Z7 milk analyzer. Association analysis was performed using SPSS statistical software. According to the current study’s findings, the stage of milk production had a significant impact on both daily and total production (p ≤0.05). The results also shows that there is a significant differences (p≤0.05) of stage of milk production on the chemical composition of milk, while there are no significant differences between Genetic Polymorphisms in daily and total milk production. The results show that hap1 is superior on hap2 in the chemical contents of milk, except for the percentage of milk fat, which has not reach a significant level.
Effect of Aquatic Plants as a Biofilter on Water Criteria and Common Carp Growth Performance in Aquaculture Intensive System
Authors: Faisal Wajnaa Saad , Hassan Sadam Mohamad , Madlul Najlaa Salah , Sulaiman Muhammad Aliyu , Fadel Abdalbast H.
Published: December 2023

The experiment was conducted in the field of the College of Agriculture, University of Tikrit, for the period from 14/6/2022 to 14/8/2022 inside a semi-exposed building (gable) with four treatments. Each treatment included three replicates, and each replicate included (6) fishes in a closed bio-aquatic system, by weight 14.15±1.22, 13.8±0.72,13.9±0.78, 13.7±0.93g for T1, T2, T3 and T4 in 12 ponds respectively. On a filtration tank representing the biological and mechanical filter in an intensive aquatic system with a capacity of 100 liters each, three aquatic plants were grown (lentils, Azolla, Ceratophylom), except for the control treatment, which was similar to all treatments except for the presence of aquatic plants. The water was treated in a mechanical filter unit through thick sponge layer, then directing the water to the biological treatment by means of crushed gravel, in addition to the aquatic plants to filter the dissolved organic pollutants. The results showed a significant effect of aquatic plants at (p ≤0.05) on dissolved oxygen DO (mg / liter), pH, total dissolved salts (TDS), nitrate NO3, nitrite NO2, and ammonia. The biological characteristics of aquatic plants are impacted by modifications to the physicochemical properties of the water. There was a significant improvement in weight gain (G.W), relative growth (RGR), specific growth of fish (SGR), and feed conversion efficiency (FCR) for treatments T2, T3, and T4 compared with control treatment. There was a significant difference when using aquatic plant in the percentage of protein compared to the control treatment. No significant differences were observed on blood biochemical parameters. While the result of the correlation or interactions between water characteristics with growth parameters for Common carp fish showed significant effects at a significant level (P ≤0.05) and (P ≤0.01).
Effect of Varying Levels of Glutamine Addition on the Composition of the Intestinal Flora and the Productivity of Broilers Grown at Various Densities
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed T. , Khatab Ahmed T. Taha Thamer A.
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of dietary glutamine on chicken performance, intestinal microbiota, and certain antioxidant markers at various stocking densities. (504) Ross 308 broiler chickens were used in this study; they were jointly grown from day one through week one and then divided into six groups at random. They were raised in floor breeding cages, the transactions were in the following order:1-(G1): the control group (12 birds/ m2), (G2): the high-density group (16 birds/m2) was fed with standard diet and normal water, (G3) and (G4) 12 birds / m2 with the addition of 2.5 or 5 gm Glutamine / liter of drinking water respectively. (G5) and (G6) 16 birds / m2 with the addition of 2.5 or 5 gm Glutamine / liter of drinking water respectively. Adding glutamine to broiler chickens raised at a density of 12 birds/m2 at a concentration of 5 g/l had a positive effect on the productive traits, and the birds raised at a density of 16 birds/m2 showed similar performance for a group of birds raised at a density of 12 birds/m2 after they were treated with glutamine G5 & G6. The results showed a significant decline in the productive traits of these chickens. Lactic Acid Bacteria recorded a significant superiority in the treatments of adding glutamine, even though there were no significant differences in the total number of enter bacteria and E-coli bacteria. It should be noted that this improvement in productive performance was accompanied by an improvement intestinal flora in glutamine addition. We draw the conclusion from this study that administering glutamine to broiler chickens kept in high density could enhance their productivity, and that this was linked to an improvement in the composition of the intestinal flora.
Protein Profiles in Seminal Plasma of Iraqi Buffalo Bulls (Bubalus bubalis) Associated with Fresh and Cryopreserved Semen Quality
Authors: Musa K. S. , Abdulkareem T. A.
Published: December 2023

This study was undertaken to identify some protein profiles in the seminal plasma of Iraqi buffalo bulls and their correlation to the quality of fresh and cryopreserved semen. Semen was collected from eight buffalo bulls and divided according to the percentage of sperm individual motility into two groups. The first group (n=3) included good semen quality, while the second group (n=5) included poor semen quality. Seminal plasma was extracted from each semen sample by centrifugation and seminal proteins were resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Nine types of protein bands were observed in the seminal plasma of the buffalo bulls belonging to good semen quality, ranging from 10-68 kDa. The most abundant proteins in the overall presence of proteins in seminal plasma were 10 (100%), 14 (100%), 20 (100%), 26 (100%), 34 (100%), and 43 (37.5%) kDa. On the other hand, 14 types of protein bands resolved for the poor-quality semen, ranging from 10-155 kDa. The most abundant proteins in the overall presence of proteins in seminal plasma were 10 (100%), 14 (100%), 20 (100%), 26 (100%), 34 (87.5%), 130 (50%) and 155 (50%) kDa. A significant negative correlation was noticed among proteins with molecular weights of 28. 88 ± 3.26, 22.50 ± 2.85, and 12.00 ± 1.15 kDa, and the percentage of sperm individual motility and plasma membrane integrity. Moreover, there was a positive significant correlation between proteins whose molecular weight 22.50 ± 2.85 kDa and the percentages of total abnormalities and normal sperms. In conclusion, the identification of seminal proteins may be a useful tool in the future evaluation of spermatozoa and the prediction of fertility in Iraqi buffalo bulls.
Effect of Crossing Different Breeds of Sheep on Productive Performance and Different Body Measurements
Authors: Ali Ali Hussein Mohammed , Altaei Hafedh Mossa Ali
Published: December 2023

The study was conducted in one of the fields of Barakat Abi Al-Fadl Al-Abbas in Karbala Governorate Iraq for 365 days, from the first of June 2022 until the first of June of the year 2023. To determine effect of crossing different breeds of sheep on productive performance and different body measurements of lambs from weaning until the age of 6 months through some genetic and non-genetic factors (Sex of the lamb, Dam age at birth, Month of birth), 60 ewes of the Awassi and Karakul breed and their cross were used. And then, body measurements were recorded body length (BL), body height at the front (BHF), body height at the back (BHB), chest circumference (CC), and abdominal circumference (AC) for all strains, and the data were analysed statistically using Statistical Analysis System (SAS). The results showed the following: The genetic group had a significant (P<0.05) effect on body measurements, as the ewes of the Awassi and Karakul breeds on crossbred flock breed ewes’ group in AC, and the averages were 77.52, 76.95, and 73.77 cm at weaning. While the Awassi and Karakul ewes’ group on crossbred flock ewes’ group in BL and AC, with an average of 56.42 and 85.70 cm at the age of 6 months. Females were superior to males in three characteristics represented by CC and AC (P<0.05) and a highly significant effect (P<0.01) in BHB, as their averages were 67.36, 77.48, and 58.00 cm, respectively, compared to males whose averages were 65.50 and 75. 00 and 56.64 cm, respectively. December births (55.25 cm) also outperformed November births (53.28 cm) in BL.