bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LELANG LEBUNG: EKSPANSI KEKUASAAN, KESADARAN EKOLOGIS DAN STRATEGI EKONOMI
Authors: Marbun Firdaus -
Published: August 2019

Di beberapa daerah Sumatera Selatan khususnya bekas daerah kekuasaan kesultanan Palembang berkembang satu kegiatan yang dikenal dengan lelang lebung. Lelang lebung merupakan kegiatan menawarkan lebung sungai kepada masyarakat untuk dikelola dan dimanfaatkan. Beberapa aturan pengelolaan disepakati bukan hanya membantu masyarakat memenuhi kebutuhannya, tapi juga menjaga kelestarian lingkungan sungai. Walau dengan munculnya undang-undang pemerintahan desa turut mengubah pola pelaksanaan lelang lebung, namun hingga kini masih tetap dilaksanakan. Malah kegiatan ini diatur dalam peraturan daerah. Melalui pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif,  penelitian mencoba menggali bagaimana lelang lebung muncul dan melembaga di masyarakat Kabupaten Penukal Abab Lematang Ilir (PALI), Propinsi Sumatera Selatan. Selain itu tulisan ini juga mencoba menggali peran lelang lebung dalam peningkatan ekonomi masyarakat dengan tetap menjaga kelestarian sungai. Dari penelitian ini, ditemukan bahwa ekspansi kekuasaan, kondisi ekologis dan persoalan ekonomi menjadi pendorong muncul dan berkembangnya lelang lebung di Kabupaten PALI. Ketiga hal itu turut mendorong masyarakat mencari cara untuk menjaga sungai tetap lestari. Lelang lebung juga sangat penting sebagai sumber penghasilan masyarakat.In some areas of South Sumatera, eapecially in former teritory of the palembang empire,  evolve one activity that known as Lelang lebung. Lelang lebung is activity that offer river's lebung for society to be  managed and utilized. Some management rules are agreed,  not only helping society to fulfill their need, but also keeping the river environmental sustainability. Even by appearing of village laws take part for change implementation of lelang lebung, but  that habit is still  done till now. moreover this activity is arranged  in local regulation. Through qualitative descriptive approach, this research try to delve how lelang lebung  appear and institutionalized in society of PALI regency, South sumatera province. Furthermore this writting also try to delve roles of lelang lebung in economy enhancement by keeping  river's  sustainability. From this research, discovered that authority expansion, ecologic conditions, and economy problems are some factors that drive appearance and development of lelang lebung in PALI regency. These three cases  encourage society to find way to keep river's sustainability. Lelang lebung also very important  as income source.
DISKRIMINASI RAS DALAM NOVEL SUNDA SRIPANGGUNG KARYA TJARAKA: ANALISIS DEKONSTRUKSI DERRIDA
Authors: Solihah Nur , Dienaputra Reiza D.
Published: August 2019

Novel “Sripanggung” karya Tjaraka memuat rekaan gambaran kehidupan masyarakat etnis Sunda di perkebunan teh yang hidup sebagai buruh kontrak dan hidup di bawah kekuasaan pemerintah kolonial Belanda. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap bagaimana gambaran perlakuan diskriminasi pemerintah kolonial Belanda terhadap pribumi, khususnya etnis Sunda yang saat itu dipandang sebagai masyarakat kelas bawah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode pembacaan dekonstruksi,  di mana teks sastra berupa ujaran yang ada di dalam novel “Sripanggung” karya Tjaraka dianalisis untuk mengungkapkan tindakan diskriminasi yang dilakukan pemerintah kolonial Belanda terhadap etnis Sunda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ujaran-ujaran teks sastra dalam novel “Sripanggung” karya Tjaraka memuat representasi tindakan diskriminasi berdasarkan ras yang dilakukan pihak kolonial Belanda terhadap kaum pribumi etnis Sunda sehingga memengaruhi perkembangan struktur sosial masyarakat Sunda kala itu.  Tjaraka’s “Sripanggung” novel portrays of Sundanese familie’s daily life as labor contract of tea plantation that owned the Dutch colonial government. This article purpose is to reveal the discriminatory treatment of the Dutch colonial goverment against indigenous people, especially Sundanese who were seen as a lower class society. By using deconstruction reading method. “Sripanggung” by Tjaraka’s is in a form of literary works and inside of it contain of speech that analyzed to reveal the discriminatory action of Dutch Colonial government against Sundanese people. The result showed, the speeches in the novel accomodate representation of discrimination act based racial by the Dutch Colonial government against indigenous Sundanese people that affected the development of social structure of sundanese at that time.
SANG HYANG TALAGA RENA MAHAWIJAYA: TELAGA BUATAN SEBAGAI SOLUSI BENCANA
Authors: Suwardi Budimansyah Suwardi
Published: August 2019

Talaga Rena Mahawijaya dan Bukit Badigul yang dibangun oleh Sribaduga Maharaja pada abad ke-16, merupakan danau buatan yang diperuntukkan sebagai tempat upacara srada. Namun jika dilihat dari sudut pandang yang berbeda, danau buatan ini memiliki banyak fungsi yang dampak positifnya sangat besar terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat. Untuk meneliti dan mengkaji permasalahan ini harus ditinjau secara mendalam dan memerlukan analisis yang kuat, maka metode sejarah yang terdiri atas heuristik, kritik, interpretasi dan historiografi akan digunakan oleh penulis. Selain metode sejarah, teori-teori dan konsep ilmu-ilmu keteknikan akan digunakan pula sebagai pisau analisis, agar menghasilkan simpulan yang cukup kuat dan mendalam. Penelitian yang telah dilakukan oleh penulis, Talaga Rena Mahawijaya mempunyai fungsi utama sebagai area tangkapan air, yang kita kenal sebagai waduk atau embung, yaitu sebuah danau yang sengaja dibuat untuk memecah volume aliran air yang sangat besar, juga berfungsi sebagai cadangan air ketika musim kemarau. Simpulannya, Sribaduga Maharaja membuat Talaga Rena Mahawijaya untuk fungsi water catchment, water treatment, dan water supply. Talaga Rena Mahawijaya and Bukit Badigul built by Sribaduga Maharaja in the 16th century, are artificial lakes designated as srada ceremonies. But when viewed from a different perspective, this artificial lake has many functions that have a very large positive impact on people's welfare. To investigate and examine these problems, the in depth and strong analysis is required. Thus, the historical method consisting of heuristics, criticism, interpretation and historiography are used by the author. In addition to historical methods, theories and concepts of engineering sciences are also used as analytical tools in order to produce the strong and deep conclusions. From this research, Talaga Rena Mahawijaya has a main function as a water catchment area, known as a reservoir or embung. It is a lake intentionally made to break down a very large volume of water, also serves as a water reserve during the dry season. In conclusion, Sribaduga Maharaja made Talaga Rena Mahawijaya as the water catchment, water treatment, and water supply.
POLEMIK A. HASSAN DAN MUCHTAR LUTHFI MENGENAI PAHAM KEBANGSAAN (1929-1935)
Authors: Gumelar Faujian Esa , Mulyadi R.M.
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh ketertarikan peneliti kepada Ahmad Hassan, karena ketokohannya bisa membawa Persis yang merupakan organisasi yang relatif kecil secara keanggotaan, dapat memiliki pengaruh yang luas lewat perdebatan dan penerbitan yang dilakukannya. A. Hassan banyak melakukan polemik dengan berbagai tokoh penggerak paham kebangsaan seperti Soekarno dan Muchtar Luthfi. Topik yang banyak diperdebatkannya adalah mengenai paham kebangsaan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode historis yang meliputi empat tahapan, yaitu: 1) heuristik, 2) kritik sumber, 3) interpretasi, dan 4) historiografi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, A. Hassan berpandangan bahwa umat Islam di Indonesia harus memperjuangkan asas Islam sebagai landasan perjuangan, dikarenakan segala sesuatu dalam kehidupan manusia baik dalam aspek sosial, politik maupun keagamaan harus selalu terintegrasi pada ajaran Allah dan semangat Islam. Pandangan A. Hassan ini nantinya akan berseberangan dengan Muhtar Luthfi bahwa Islam dan kebangsaan adalah satu napas perjuangan yang tidak dapat dipisahkan satu sama lainnya, mencinta tanah air artinya manusia sedang membumikan ajaran Islam di dunia. Persoalan mengenai Islam dan kebangsaan ini nantinya akan mewarnai polemik antara golongan Islam dan golongan nasionalis pada tahun 1930-an. This research was motivated by the interest of researchers to Ahmad Hassan, because his figure could bring Persis which is a relatively small organization in membership, could have a broad influence through the debate and publishing he did. A. Hassan did a lot of polemic with various national figures such as Soekarno and Muchtar Lutfi. The topic of much debate is about nationalism. The method used in this study is the historical method which includes four stages, namely: 1) heuristics, 2) source criticism, 3) interpretation, and 4) historiography. Based on the results of the research that has been done, A. Hassan believes that Muslims in Indonesia must fight the principles of Islam as the basis of the struggle, because everything in human life both in social, political and religious aspects must always be integrated in the teachings of Allah and the spirit of Islam. A. Hassan's view will later be contradicted by Muhtar Luthfi that Islam and nationality are a breath of struggle that cannot be separated from each other, loving the homeland means that humans are grounding the teachings of Islam in the world. The issue of Islam and nationality will later color the polemic between Islamic groups and nationalists in the 1930s.
DINA MANGSA TAHAPAN KATILU: BIOGRAFI POLITIK EMMA POERADIREDJA, 1935-1941
Authors: Hidayat Angga Pusaka , Nugrahanto Widyo
Published: August 2019

Tulisan ini bermaksud menunjukkan pemikiran dan peranan Émma Poeradiredja dalam pergerakan politik perempuan Indonesia. Émma Poeradiredja merupakan perempuan Sunda yang terlibat dalam pergerakan perempuan Indonesia sejak tahun 1920-an. Dia dikenal sebagai salah satu pendiri dan ketua Pasundan Istri, serta merupakan perempuan Sunda pertama yang terpilih sebagai anggota gemeenteraad. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah. Metode sejarah mencakup tahapan menemukan dan mengumpulkan sumber serta data (heuristic), kritik sumber, interpretasi dan historiografi. Pendekatan sejarah politik digunakan untuk mengelaborasi pemikiran-pemikiran Émma Poeradiredja. Hasil penelitian  menunjukkan bahwa menurut Émma Poeradiredja, dalam kehidupan masyarakat, perempuan dapat menjalankan empat peran, yakni sebagai ibu, sebagai pemimpin dalam urusan rumah tangga, sebagai isteri, dan sebagai warga negara. Dengan demikian, pemberdayaan perempuan dilakukan dalam tiga tahap. Pertama, dalam rumah tangga; kedua, dalam kehidupan sosial ekonomi yang mana perempuan berada dalam posisi berdampingan dengan laki-laki dalam menjalankan kewajiban dalam  masyarakat; ketiga, dalam politik, perempuan harus turut serta menerima kerja-kerja politik. Pemberdayaan perempuan ini dilakukan pertama-tama melalui pendidikan dan selanjutnya melalui gerakan politik. Émma menekankan bahwa dalam bidang politik ini peran perempuan sebagai warga negara yang berpartisipasi dalam kehidupan pemerintah dapat dijalankan.  This article intends to show the thoughts and roles of Émma Poeradiredja in the Indonesian women's political movement. Émma Poeradiredja is a Sundanese woman who has been involved in Indonesian women's movements since the 1920s. She was known as one of the founders and chairman of the Pasundan Women, and was the first Sundanese woman to be elected as a member of the gemeenteraad. In this study historical methods are used. Historical methods include the stages of finding and collecting sources and data (heuristics), source criticism, interpretation and historiography. The approach to political history was used to elaborate on the thoughts of Émma Poeradiredja. The results of this study indicate that according to Émma Poeradiredja, in people's lives, women can carry out four roles: as mothers, as leaders in household affairs, as wives, and as citizens. Thus, women's empowerment is carried out in three stages. First, in the household; second, in socio-economic life where women are in a position side by side with men in carrying out obligations in society; third, in politics, women must participate in accepting political work. Women's empowerment was carried out first through education and then through political movements. Émma emphasized that in this political field the role of women as citizens who participate in government life can be carried out.
TOLERANSI KERAGAMAN PADA MASYARAKAT CIGUGUR KUNINGAN
Authors: Rostiyati Ani
Published: August 2019

Toleransi pada keragaman perlu dibangun agar masyarakat bisa hidup berdampingan secara damai, baik secara individual maupun kelompok. Masyarakat di Cigugur Kuningan merupakan contoh bagaimana toleransi pada keragaman agama dan kepercayaan terbangun dengan baik. Secara khusus, tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengungkapkan faktor apa saja yang menjadi penyebab adanya toleransi dan bagaimana wujud atau bentuk toleransi pada masyarakat Cigugur tersebut. Dari hasil penelitian terungkap bahwa ikatan darah atau kekeluargaan merupakan faktor solidaritas yang tinggi dibanding keyakinan keagamaan. Masyarakat merasa satu keturunan dari Kiai Madrais dan Pangeran Djatikusumah yang menjadi tokoh panutan dan pemersatu. Kesadaran komunitas ini merupakan the sacred yang merupakan bagian dari kepercayaan kolektif (collective belief).  Memori kolektif ini sebagai salah satu simpul yang memungkinkan keutuhan masyarakat berkat adanya identitas yang sama. Makna kolektif inilah memainkan peran penting dalam menjaga solidaritas dan keutuhan masyarakat Cigugur Kuningan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode dokumenter dan kualitatif. Adapun pengambilan data melalui observasi, wawancara, studi pustaka, dan foto. Tolerance to diversity needs to be built so that people can live side by side peacefully, both individually and in groups. The community in Kuningan Cigugur is an example of how tolerance to religious diversity and trust is well established. In particular, the purpose of this study is to reveal what factors are the cause of tolerance and how it manifests or forms of tolerance in the Cigugur community. From the the research revealed that blood ties or familyhood is a factor of high solidarity compared to religious beliefs. The community feels one descendant from Kiai Madrais and Pangeran Djatikusumah who are role models and unifier. This awareness is ”the sacred” which is part of the collective belief. This collective memory is one of the reason that enables the integrity of society caused by same identity. This collectiveness played an important role in maintaining the solidarity and integrity of the community of the Kuningan Cigugur. This research conducted by using documentary and qualitative methods. The research data was collected through observation, interviews, literature studies, and photographs.
DILEMA NEGARA KOLONIAL: SEKSUALITAS DAN MORALITAS DI HINDIA BELANDA AWAL ABAD XX
Authors: Jaelani Gani Achmad
Published: August 2019

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengelaborasi persoalan seksualitas di Hindia Belanda pada awal abad ke-20. Perdebatan tentang seksualitas, dalam bentuk praktik pergundikan dan pengaturan pelacuran, selalu saja dikaitkan dengan persoalan moralitas. Kenyataan bahwa pemerintah kolonial pada satu periode memperbolehkan dua aktivitas ini dan melarangnya di periode yang lain merupakan contoh betapa otoritas kolonial tidak pernah memiliki penilaian yang sama terkait permasalahan ini. Hal ini disebabkan oleh adanya tegangan antara kepentingan ekonomi dan semangat pemberadaban dari kolonialisme. Memperbolehkan praktik pergundikan dan pelacuran akan memberi kesan bahwa pemerintah bersekutu dalam laku amoral, sementara larangan terhadapnya akan menjadi ancaman buat kepentingan ekonomi kolonial. Artikel ini akan mencoba menganalisis dilema yang dihadapi otoritas kolonial terkait masalah ini; apa yang membuat penilaian pemerintah selalu berubah; terakhir, artikel ini juga akan menunjukkan satu studi kasus terkait persoalan dilema moral ini.  This article seeks to elaborate the question of sexuality in the Dutch Indies in the beginning of the twentieth century. The debate about sexuality, particularly in the common practice of the concubinage and the regulation of the prostitution is always linked to the issue of morality. The fact that the colonial government allowed the two activities in one period and prohibited these in other period, was an example to which extent the stance of the colonial authority toward this question changed. This inconsistency arose from the tension between the economic interest and the civilizing mission of the colonialism. Allowing the concubinage and prostitution will create the impression that the government allied to the immoral activity, while prohibiting it will endanger the economic interest of the colonialism. This article will try to analyze the dilemma of the colonial authority regarding this question; the reason why the government change their judgment; and lastly, to discuss this moral dilemma in a specific case.
MASKULINITAS TENTARA DALAM SINEMA PASCA ORDE BARU; ANALISIS NARATIF DOEA TANDA CINTA (2015) DAN I LEAVE MY HEART IN LEBANON (2016)
Authors: Budiman Hary Ganjar , Priyatna Aquarini Priyatna , Mulyadi R.M.
Published: August 2019

Artikel ini membincangkan tentara dan maskulinitas melalui film Indonesia kontemporer. Dua film dianalisis dalam penelitian ini, yaitu Doea Tanda Cinta (2015) dan I Leave My Heart in Lebanon (2016). Mengacu pada paradigma kajian budaya yang dikemukakan oleh Stuart Hall, penelitian ini mencoba menempatkan film sebagai teks/wacana budaya yang perlu untuk dianalisis. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kajian film yang menganalisis unsur sinematik dan naratif (histoire dan discourse). Melalui artikel ini dapat diketahui bahwa representasi maskulinitas tentara dalam film Indonesia kontemporer cenderung dinamis. Film Doea Tanda Cinta merepresentasikan model maskulinitas normatif yang diasosiasikan dengan hegemoni terhadap perempuan. Film ini mengangkat ideologi patriarki. Film I Leave My Heart in Lebanon merepresentasikan model maskulinitas laki-laki peduli (caring masculinity) yang tidak hegemonik terhadap perempuan. This article discusses the army and masculinity through contemporary Indonesian films. Two films were analyzed in this study, namely Doea Tanda Cinta (2015) and I Leave My Heart in Lebanon (2016). Referring to the cultural study paradigm put forward by Stuart Hall, this study attempts to place film as a cultural text / discourse that needs to be analyzed. The method used is a film study method that analyzes cinematic and narrative elements (histoire and discourse). Through this article, it can be seen that the representation of army masculinity in contemporary Indonesian films tends to be dynamic. Doea Tanda Cinta film represents a model of normative masculinity associated with hegemony towards women. This film elevates patriarchal ideology. I Leave My Heart in Lebanon film represents a caring masculinity model that is not hegemonic to women.
IDENTITAS ORANG TUGU SEBAGAI KETURUNAN PORTUGIS DI JAKARTA
Authors: Nopianti Risa , Riawanti Selly , Rajab Budi
Published: August 2019

Orang Tugu di Kelurahan Semper Barat merupakan sebuah komunitas keturunan Portugis yang  memiliki akar budaya dan sejarah yang cukup campuran sejak tahun 1661. Mereka berusaha untuk tetap bertahan dengan melestarikan aspek-aspek kebudayaan yang dimilikinya melalui beragam aktivitas dan tindakan-tindakan sosial sebagai upayanya untuk mendapatkan pengakuan akan identitas mereka sebagai Orang Tugu. Penelitian secara kualitatif dengan metode etnografi dan extended case method, digunakan sebagai alat untuk mengumpulkan dan menganalisis data. Paparan data menjelaskan bahwa interaksi sosial Orang Tugu dengan kelompok-kelompok lainnya dilakukan sebagai upaya mereka untuk mempertahankan identitasnya. Hal tersebut memunculkan dua kelompok utama yaitu, kelompok penting (significant others) hubungan di antara mereka didasari oleh adanya kepentingan-kepentingan tertentu yang sifatnya saling menguntungkan, yaitu salah satunya berkaitan dengan eksistensi musik keroncong. Ada pula kelompok umum lainnya (generalized others) hubungan mereka bersifat saling membutuhkan. Kelompok yang dikategorikan dalam hubungan saling menguntungkan adalah pemerintah daerah, komunitas pemerhati budaya dan sejarah, serta penanggap keroncong. Adapun kelompok-kelompok yang dibutuhkan oleh Orang Tugu dalam kehidupan sehari-hari adalah tetangga Betawi, dan jemaat gereja.    The Tugu people in Semper Barat Village are a community of Portuguese descent who has quite mixed cultural and historical roots since 1661. They try to stay afloat by preserving their cultural aspects through various activities and social actions as an effort to get recognition of their identity as Tugu People. Qualitative methods with ethnographic approaches and extended case method are used as tools to collect and analyze data. The results explain that the social interaction of Tugu People with important groups (significant others) is carried out because of the existence of certain interests which are mutually beneficial, but there are also those that are mutually needed, namely those in other general groups (generalized others). Groups that are categorized as mutually beneficial relationships are local governments, cultural and historical observer communities, and keroncong appreciators. The groups needed by Tugu People in their daily lives are neighbors from Betawi ethnic group, and church members.
Human Resource Development and the Internet of Things
Authors: Yawson Robert , Woldeab Daniel , Osafo Emmanuel
Published: August 2019

The Internet of Things (IoT) is
affecting national innovation ecosystems and the approach of organizations to innovation and how they create and capture
value in everyday business activities. The Internet of Things (IoT), is
disruptive, and it will change the manner in which human resources are
developed and managed, calling for a new and adaptive human resource
development approach. The Classical Internet communication form is human-human.
The prospect of IoT is that every object will have a unique way of
identification and can be addressed so
that every object can be connected. The communication forms will expand from
human-human to human-human, human-thing,
and thing-thing. This will bring a new
challenge to how Human Resource Development (HRD) is practiced. This paper provides an overview of the Internet of
Things and conceptualizes the role of HRD in the
age of the Internet of Things.
Kegentingan yang Memaksa dalam Pembentukan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang
Authors: Hsb Ali Marwan
Published: August 2019

Dalam dinamika sejarah di Indonesia frasa “kegentingan yang memaksa” memiliki pengertian yang multitafsir danmenjadi wewenang dari Presiden untuk menafsirkan kegentingan yang memaksa tersebut dalam pembentukanperaturan pemerintah pengganti undang-undang. Seyogianya, dalam menetapkan peraturan pemerintah penggantiundang-undang, harus ada batasan yang objektif mengenai kegentingan yang memaksa tersebut. Hal inilah yangmenjadi pokok pembahasan dalam tulisan ini, apa saja syarat agar suatu keadaan dapat dikatakan sebagaikegentingan yang memaksa? Dari penelitian dalam tulisan ini, ditemukan bahwa dalam Putusan MahkamahKonstitusi Nomor 138/PUU-VII/2009 menyatakan bahwa kegentingan yang memaksa harus memenuhi 3 (tiga)syarat yaitu adanya keadaan yaitu kebutuhan mendesak untuk menyelesaikan masalah hukum secara cepatberdasarkan undang-undang, undang-undang yang dibutuhkan tersebut belum ada sehingga terjadi kekosonganhukum atau ada undang-undang tetapi tidak memadai dan kekosongan hukum tersebut tidak dapat diatasidengan cara membuat undang-undang secara prosedur biasa karena akan memerlukan waktu yang cukup lamasedangkan kendala yang mendesak tersebut perlu kepastian untuk diselesaikan
PRINCÍPIOS DA ADMINISTRAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA: A REVOLUÇÃO DE TAYLOR.
Authors: Raposo Cláudio Filipe Lima , da SIlva Marina Lourenço
Published: August 2019

No dia 20 de março de 1856, Frederick Winslow Taylor nasceu na Pensilvânia (EUA), se formouem 1885 em Engenharia no Stevens Institute. Taylor era incansável na melhoria de produtividadediária de seus estimados empregados, logo se deu conta da miséria que aumentava as suas vidas.Com 23 anos, pela primeira vez, aplicou os processos científicos. Em toda sua vida instigou-sesempre a introduzir em trabalhos próprios, sobre sua responsabilidade ou fiscalização métodosde observação e experimentação, com o objetivo de maximizar o rendimento do trabalho, quantoa melhora produtiva dos trabalhadores.Como chefe de oficina, envolveu-se em mudanças no sistema de administrativo, com a finalidadede convergir às necessidades dos empregados e patrões, contrariando a tese antagônica.A carreira dele foi bastante frenética, em um período de seis anos trabalhou de operário aengenheiro-chefe. 50 patentes de invenção sobre máquinas, ferramentas e processos de trabalhoem seu nome. E pela sua grande contribuição a comunidade cientifica, desenvolveu a necessidadede melhoramento de processos.
Introduction to computer science research : more papers discussed.
Authors: Akmut Camille
Published: August 2019

Research from various fields within computer science is reviewed.
Putusan Final Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam hal Pemakzulan Presiden dan/atau Wakil Presiden
Authors: Hsb Ali Marwan
Published: August 2019

Pasal 24C ayat (1) Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 menyatakan bahwa putusanMahkamah Konstitusi bersifat final dan mengikat dalam melaksanakan kewenangan menguji undang-undangterhadap undang-undang dasar, memutus sengketa kewenangan lembaga negara yang kewenangannyadiberikan oleh undang-undang dasar, memutus pembubaran partai politik dan memutus perselisihan tentanghasil pemilihan umum. Lebih lanjut dalam Pasal 24C ayat (2) Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik IndonesiaTahun 1945, dalam melaksanakan kewajiban Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam memeriksa, mengadili dan memutuspendapat Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat mengenai dugaan pelanggaran oleh Presiden dan/atau Wakil Presidentidak disebutkan bagaimana sifat putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi. Tulisan ini mencoba meneliti sifat putusanMahkamah Konstitusi dalam memeriksa, mengadili dan memutus pendapat Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat mengenaidugaan pelanggaran oleh Presiden dan/atau Wakil Presiden dan tindak lanjut atas putusan Mahkamah Konstitusitersebut.
Persepsi Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar Universitas Widya Dharma Tentang Etika Mahasiswa
Authors: Sakti Bayu Purbha
Published: August 2019

This research is based on observation of researchers related to behavior and ethics in the student classroom of Primary School Teacher Education Study Program (PGSD) of Widya Dharma University. This research has purpose to know student perception of PGSD Study Program at Widya Dharma University about student ethics. This research is called descriptive research. The subject of this research is the student of Widya Dharma University PGSD Study Program. Data were collected by documentation and questionnaire tehniques. Data were analyzed by editing, coding, scoring, and making table. The result of this study are as follows; Most of the students of Widya Dharma University PGSD Study Program have positive perception toward student ethics. Most of the student already understand the rights, obligations, association, responsibility, dress, time, commitment, and prohibition in living ethics as a student of Widya Dharma University.
PENANGANAN KASUS ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Fitri Idatul
Published: August 2019

TPA merupakan salah satu bentuk paud yang pada jalur pendidikan non formal yang menyelenggarakan program pendidikan sekaligus pengasuhan dan kesejahteraan sosial terhadap anak sejak lahir sampai dengan usia 6 tahun. Tempat penitipan anak atau daycare adalah sarana pengasuhan anak dalam kelompok biasanya di laksanakan pada saat jam kerja. Daycare merupakan upaya yang terorganisasi untuk mengasuh anak-anak di luar rumah mereka selama beberapa jam dalam satu hari bilamana asuhan orangtua kurang dapat di laksanakan secara lengkap. Pengertian daycare hanya sebagai pelengkap terhadap asuhan orangtua dan bukan sebagai pengganti asuhan orangtua
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN PEGAGAN (Centtela aciatica) SEBAGAI PAKAN ADDITIF BROILER TERHADAP PERSENTASE KARKAS DAN LEMAK ABDOMEN
Authors: Dewi Muthia , Malvin Toni , Noor Prima Silvia , Amir Yurni Sari
Published: August 2019

This study was conducted to evaluate the carcass percentage and abdominal fat of broiler chicken with added feed additive pegagan (Centella aciatica) powder on ration. This experiment was done at poultry farm and laboratory of Animal Husbandry Programme, Payakumbuh Agricultural Polytechnic from July to December 2018. The experiment was run in completely randomized design which consist of 4 feed treatments and 5 replications. Level used of A = without pegagan powder; B = 1.5% pegagan powder; C = 3% pegagan powder dan D = 4.5% pegagan powder. The collected data was analyzed with ANOVA and Duncan Range test would use for post hoc multiple comparison. The result shown that body weight was significantly different (P < 0.05), carcass percentage and abdominal fat were no significantly different (P > 0.05). Body weight of broiler chicken was higher on level D = 4.5% pegagan powder. The additive compounds in pegagan as feed additive stimulated immunity of broiler chicken until provide better body weight but unaffected on carcass percentage and abdominal fat.
Global model analysis by parameter space partitioning
Authors: Pitt Mark A. , Kim Woojae , Navarro Danielle , Myung Jay I.
Published: August 2019

To model behavior, scientists need to know how models behave. This means learning what other behaviors a model can produce besides the one generated by participants in an experiment. This is a difficult problem because of the complexity of psychological models (e.g., their many parameters) and because the behavioral precision of models (e.g., interval-scale performance) often mismatches their testable precision in experiments, where qualitative, ordinal predictions are the norm. Parameter space partitioning is a solution that evaluates model performance at a qualitative level. There exists a partition on the model's parameter space that divides it into regions that correspond to each data pattern. Three application examples demonstrate its potential and versatility for studying the global behavior of psychological models.
Fast and accurate calculations for first-passage times in Wiener diffusion models
Authors: Navarro Danielle , Fuss Ian
Published: August 2019

We propose a new method for quickly calculating the probability density function for first-passage times in simple Wiener diffusion models, extending an earlier method used by [Van Zandt, T., Colonius, H., & Proctor, R. W. (2000). A comparison of two response-time models applied to perceptual matching. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 7, 208–256]. The method relies on the observation that there are two distinct infinite series expansions of this probability density, one of which converges quickly for small time values, while the other converges quickly at large time values. By deriving error bounds associated with finite truncation of either expansion, we are able to determine analytically which of the two versions should be applied in any particular context. The bounds indicate that, even for extremely stringent error tolerances, no more than 8 terms are required to calculate the probability density. By making the calculation of this distribution tractable, the goal is to allow more complex extensions of Wiener diffusion models to be developed.
Open to interpretation? Inconsistent reporting of lifetime non-suicidal self-injury across two common assessments
Authors: Robinson Kealagh , Wilson Marc
Published: August 2019

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is typically assessed using either single-item questionnaires or checklists of common behaviours, but preliminary research suggests that checklists produce higher lifetime prevalence rates. In two pre-registered studies (combined n = 1364), we tested whether memory cueing afforded by behavioural checklists accounts for this discrepancy. Participants reported their lifetime NSSI history using both a single-item and a checklist, with presentation order randomised across participants. Nearly a third of participants reported inconsistent NSSI histories on the two assessments, with participants 1.57 times more likely to report an NSSI history on a checklist than on a single-item. Counter to the memory account, this discrepancy was evident even when participants completed the checklist first, suggesting that the increased prevalence estimates captured by checklists are unlikely to simply reflect memory facilitation. Across the two samples, 12.5% of participants would have been incorrectly screened out in two-step assessments; these participants were more likely to have engaged in NSSI historically, less likely to self-injure by cutting, and (in Study 2 only) were more likely to be men. These studies suggest that the inconsistencies across two of the most common NSSI assessments arise because people dissimilar to the lay conceptualisation of self-injury are less likely to endorse a single-item, even when they have affirmed engaging in self-injury behaviours on a checklist. We argue that single-item and checklist assessments capture different aspects of NSSI, such that future research should distinguish between behaviourally-identified NSSI assessed with behavioural checklists and self-identified NSSI assessed with single-item assessments.
Sensitivity to hypothesis size during information search
Authors: Hendrickson Andrew T , Navarro Danielle , Perfors Andrew
Published: August 2019

It is well known that people attempting to perform hypothesis testing show a positive test bias, preferring to request evidence that is consistent (rather than inconsistent) with their current hypothesis. Rather than viewing this as an irrational bias, information theoretic accounts of hypothesis testing have argued that selecting tests likely to produce positive evidence is adaptive when most hypotheses are small (i.e., true of few entities in the world) and respond positively to very few queries. These accounts make the prediction that as hypotheses get larger, the relative utility of positive evidence will decrease; when hypotheses are large enough, negative evidence will become more useful than positive evidence. We test if people are sensitive to this change in utility with an experiment inspired by the game “Battleship,” in which people attempt to discover the correct arrangement of ships by asking for positive or negative evidence. As predicted, as hypotheses become larger people request less positive evidence, and when hypotheses are large requests for negative evidence are more likely than requests for positive evidence. Implications for the nature of the positive test bias are discussed.
Lack of Reproducibility in Addiction Medicine
Authors: Adewumi Mopileola Tomi , Vo Nam , Tritz Daniel , Beaman Jason , Vassar Matt
Published: August 2019

Background and aims: Credible research emphasizes transparency, openness, and reproducibility. These characteristics are fundamental to promoting and maintaining research integrity. This aim of this study was to evaluate the current state of transparency and reproducibility in the field of addiction science. Design: Cross-sectional designMeasurements: This study used the National Library of Medicine catalog to search for all journals using the subject terms tag: Substance-Related Disorders [ST]. Journals were then searched via PubMed in the timeframe of January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2018 and 300 publications were randomly selected. A pilot-tested Google form containing reproducibility/transparency characteristics was used for data extraction by two investigators who performed this process in a duplicate and blinded fashion. Findings: Slightly more than half of the publications were open access (152/293, 50.7%). Few publications had pre-registration (7/244, 2.87%), material availability (2/237, 1.23%), protocol availability (3/244 ,0.80%), data availability (28/244, 11.48%), and analysis script availability (2/244, 0.82%). Most publications provided a conflict of interest statement (221/293, 75.42%) and funding sources (268/293, 91.47%). One replication study was reported (1/244, 0.04%). Few publications were cited (64/238, 26.89%) and 0 were excluded from meta-analyses and/or systematic reviews.Conclusion: Our study found that current practices that promote transparency and reproducibility are lacking, and thus, there is much room for improvement. First, investigators should preregister studies prior to commencement. Researchers should also make the materials, data, analysis script publicly available. To foster reproducibility, individuals should remain transparent about funding sources for the project and financial conflicts of interest. Research stakeholders should work together toward improved solutions on these matters. With these protections in place, the field of addiction medicine can lead in dissemination of information necessary to treat patients.
Sampling assumptions in inductive generalization
Authors: Navarro Danielle , Dry Matthew , Lee Michael David
Published: August 2019

Inductive generalization, where people go beyond the data provided, is a basic cognitive capability, and it underpins theoretical accounts of learning, categorization, and decision making. To complete the inductive leap needed for generalization, people must make a key ‘‘sampling’’ assumption about how the available data were generated. Previous models have considered two extreme possibilities, known as strong and weak sampling. In strong sampling, data are assumed to have been deliberately generated as positive examples of a concept, whereas in weak sampling, data are assumed to have been generated without any restrictions. We develop a more general account of sampling that allows for an intermediate mixture of these two extremes, and we test its usefulness. In two experiments, we show that most people complete simple one‐dimensional generalization tasks in a way that is consistent with their believing in some mixture of strong and weak sampling, but that there are large individual differences in the relative emphasis different people give to each type of sampling. We also show experimentally that the relative emphasis of the mixture is influenced by the structure of the available information. We discuss the psychological meaning of mixing strong and weak sampling, and possible extensions of our modeling approach to richer problems of inductive generalization.
Regarding the complexity of additive clustering models
Authors: Navarro Danielle
Published: August 2019

The additive clustering approach to modeling pairwise similarity of entities is a powerful tool for deriving featural stimulus representations. In a recent paper, Lee (2001) proposes a statistically principled measure for choosing between clustering models that accounts for model complexity as well as data fit. Importantly, complexity is understood to be a property, not merely of the number of clusters, but also their size and pattern of overlap. However, some caution is required when interpreting the measure, with regard to the applicability of the Hadamard inequality to the complexity matrix.
Similarity, feature discovery, and the size principle
Authors: Navarro Danielle , Perfors Andrew
Published: August 2019

In this paper we consider the “size principle” for featural similarity, which states that rare features should be weighted more heavily than common features in people’s evaluations of the similarity between two entities. Specifically, it predicts that if a feature is possessed by n objects, the expected weight scales according to a 1/n law. One justification of the size principle emerges from a Bayesian analysis of simple induction problems (Tenenbaum and Griffiths, 2001a, Tenenbaum and Griffiths, 2001b), and is closely related to work by Shepard (1987) proposing universal laws for inductive generalization. In this article, we (1) show that the size principle can be more generally derived as an expression of a form of representational optimality, and (2) present analyses suggesting that across 11 different data sets in the domains of animals and artifacts, human judgments are in agreement with this law. A number of implications are discussed.
Model selection by Normalized Maximum Likelihood
Authors: Myung Jay I. , Navarro Danielle , Pitt Mark A.
Published: August 2019

The Minimum Description Length (MDL) principle is an information theoretic approach to inductive inference that originated in algorithmic coding theory. In this approach, data are viewed as codes to be compressed by the model. From this perspective, models are compared on their ability to compress a data set by extracting useful information in the data apart from random noise. The goal of model selection is to identify the model, from a set of candidate models, that permits the shortest description length (code) of the data. Since Rissanen originally formalized the problem using the crude ‘two-part code’ MDL method in the 1970s, many significant strides have been made, especially in the 1990s, with the culmination of the development of the refined ‘universal code’ MDL method, dubbed Normalized Maximum Likelihood (NML). It represents an elegant solution to the model selection problem. The present paper provides a tutorial review on these latest developments with a special focus on NML. An application example of NML in cognitive modeling is also provided.
Better explanations of lexical and semantic cognition using networks derived from continued rather than single word associations
Authors: De Deyne Simon , Navarro Danielle , Storms Gert
Published: August 2019

In this article, we describe the most extensive set of word associations collected to date. The database contains over 12,000 cue words for which more than 70,000 participants generated three responses in a multiple-response free association task. The goal of this study was (1) to create a semantic network that covers a large part of the human lexicon, (2) to investigate the implications of a multiple-response procedure by deriving a weighted directed network, and (3) to show how measures of centrality and relatedness derived from this network predict both lexical access in a lexical decision task and semantic relatedness in similarity judgment tasks. First, our results show that the multiple-response procedure results in a more heterogeneous set of responses, which lead to better predictions of lexical access and semantic relatedness than do single-response procedures. Second, the directed nature of the network leads to a decomposition of centrality that primarily depends on the number of incoming links or in-degree of each node, rather than its set size or number of outgoing links. Both studies indicate that adequate representation formats and sufficiently rich data derived from word associations represent a valuable type of information in both lexical and semantic processing.
Language evolution can be shaped by the structure of the world
Authors: Perfors Amy , Navarro Danielle
Published: August 2019

Human languages vary in many ways but also show striking cross‐linguistic universals. Why do these universals exist? Recent theoretical results demonstrate that Bayesian learners transmitting language to each other through iterated learning will converge on a distribution of languages that depends only on their prior biases about language and the quantity of data transmitted at each point; the structure of the world being communicated about plays no role (Griffiths & Kalish, 2005, 2007). We revisit these findings and show that when certain assumptions about the relationship between language and the world are abandoned, learners will converge to languages that depend on the structure of the world as well as their prior biases. These theoretical results are supported with a series of experiments showing that when human learners acquire language through iterated learning, the ultimate structure of those languages is shaped by the structure of the meanings to be communicated.
Rational approximations to rational models: Alternative algorithms for category learning
Authors: Sanborn Adam N , Griffiths Tom , Navarro Danielle
Published: August 2019

Rational models of cognition typically consider the abstract computational problems posed by the environment, assuming that people are capable of optimally solving those problems. This differs from more traditional formal models of cognition, which focus on the psychological processes responsible for behavior. A basic challenge for rational models is thus explaining how optimal solutions can be approximated by psychological processes. We outline a general strategy for answering this question, namely to explore the psychological plausibility of approximation algorithms developed in computer science and statistics. In particular, we argue that Monte Carlo methods provide a source of rational process models that connect optimal solutions to psychological processes. We support this argument through a detailed example, applying this approach to Anderson's (1990, 1991) rational model of categorization (RMC), which involves a particularly challenging computational problem. Drawing on a connection between the RMC and ideas from nonparametric Bayesian statistics, we propose 2 alternative algorithms for approximate inference in this model. The algorithms we consider include Gibbs sampling, a procedure appropriate when all stimuli are presented simultaneously, and particle filters, which sequentially approximate the posterior distribution with a small number of samples that are updated as new data become available. Applying these algorithms to several existing datasets shows that a particle filter with a single particle provides a good description of human inferences
The spatial arrangement method of measuring similarity can capture high-dimensional, semantic structures
Authors: Richie Russell , White Bryan , Bhatia Sudeep , Hout Michael C.
Published: August 2019

Psychologists collect similarity data to study a variety of phenomena including categorization, generalization and discrimination, and representation itself. However, collecting similarity judgments between all pairs of items in a set is expensive, spurring development of techniques like the Spatial Arrangement Method (SpAM; Goldstone, 1994), wherein participants place items on a 2-dimensional plane such that proximity reflects perceived similarity. While SpAM greatly hastens similarity measurement, and has been successfully used for lower-dimensional, perceptual stimuli, its suitability for higher-dimensional, conceptual stimuli is less understood. In Study 1, we evaluated the ability of SpAM to capture the semantic structure of eight different categories composed of 20-30 words each. First, SpAM distances correlated strongly (r=.71) with pairwise similarity judgments, although below SpAM and pairwise judgment split-half reliabilities (r’s>.9). Second, a cross-validation exercise with multidimensional scaling fits at increasing latent dimensionalities suggested that aggregated SpAM data favored higher (>2) dimensional solutions for 7 of the 8 categories explored here. Third, split-half reliability of SpAM dissimilarities was high (Pearson r=.90), while the average correlation between pairs of participants was low (r=.15), suggesting that when different participants focus on different pairs of stimulus dimensions, reliable high-dimensional aggregate similarity data is recoverable. In study 2, we show that SpAM can recover the Big Five factor space of personality trait adjectives, and that cross-validation favors a four or five dimension solution on this dataset. We conclude that SpAM is an accurate and reliable method of measuring similarity for high-dimensional items like words. We publicly release our data for researchers.