bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determining Factors of Fe Tablet Consumption among Pregnant Women at BPM S Tangerang in 2023
Authors: Br Sembiring Dewi Sartika , Diah Soliha
Published: October 2024

Background: Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) is an indicator of the success of maternal health efforts and assesses community welfare.
Research Method: The sample in this study was all 56 pregnant women in the third trimester at BPM S Tangerang Banten in 2023. The data analysis used was univariate and bivariate with the chi square test.
Research Results: there is no significant relationship between age and consumption of Fe tablets where p value = 0.050 > α = 0.05, there is no significant relationship between education and consumption of Fe tablets where p value = 0.982 > ᾱ = 0.05. There is no significant relationship between work and tablet consumption where the p value = 0.158 > α = 0.05. There is a significant relationship between the frequency of ANC visits and the consumption of Fe tablets in pregnant women where the p value = 0.046 < α = 0.05. There is no significant relationship between gravida and the consumption of Fe tablets where the p value = 0.301 > α = 0.05.
Conclusion: The factor causing the low consumption of Fe tablets is ANC visits.
Suggestion: Pregnant women are expected to regularly consume Fe tablets as recommended for the good of the mother and the fetus she is carrying
New rural cultural industry evaluation index system: the driving force of regional development in Wenzhou
Authors: Jiayao li
Published: October 2024

This article constructs a new evaluation index system for the development of rural cultural industries, aiming to comprehensively assess the performance of cultural industries in terms of economic development, social impact, cultural heritage and innovation, environmental sustainability, technological innovation capability, policy support and management, market competitiveness, and cultural soft power. Through systematic analysis and scientific measurement, this system not only fills the gaps in the existing evaluation systems but also promotes the scientific and standardized development of cultural industries, providing an important reference for local governments and relevant departments for supervision and management. The article elaborates on the specific indicators and their significance in each dimension and proposes specific policy recommendations for Wenzhou City to promote the prosperity and development of cultural industries, achieving the goals of rural revitalization and common prosperity.
Newfoundland and Labrador
Authors: Carbonell Marina , Ricciardelli Rosemary
Published: October 2024

In Canada, the practical application of youth diversion is rooted in an understanding of federal youth justice legislation and requires the consideration of police discretion. Yet, policing in Newfoundland and Labrador is shaped by localized practices, policies, and decisions. In the current article, we draw on online survey data to explore how Royal Newfoundland Constabulary (RNC) officers understand and apply Canada’s current federal youth legislation — the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) — and identify what factors, if any, influence the YCJA’s application. To unpack police officer attitudes towards youth and the YCJA and the actions police choose when handling matters involving youth, we draw from data collected from non-commissioned officers working in one of the three RNC detachments in 2016. Findings show that officers perceive a lack of YCJA resources available to front-line police officers in urban centres and a need for further training for officers who interact with youth. A desire for youth diversion services was evident among participants; however, the lack of availability of police-accessible pre-charge diversion options in Newfoundland and Labra-dor, including specific programs for youth, as well as police-specific training, are primary influencing factors affecting the understanding, implementation, and success of youth diversion in the province.
Disruption
Authors: De Groot Michael
Published: October 2024

Both the West and the Soviet bloc struggled with the slowdown of economic growth; chaos in the international monetary system; inflation; shocks in the commodities markets; and the emergence of offshore financial markets. The superpowers had previously disseminated resources to their allies to enhance their own national security, but the disappearance of postwar conditions during the 1970s forced Washington and Moscow to choose between promoting their own economic interests and supporting their partners in Europe and Asia. This book shows that new unexpected macroeconomic imbalances in global capitalism sustained the West during the following decade. Rather than a creditor nation and net exporter, as it had been during the postwar period, the United States became a net importer of capital and goods during the 1980s, which helped fund public spending, stimulated economic activity, and lubricated the private sector. The United States could now live beyond its means and continue waging the Cold War, and its allies benefited from access to the booming US market and the strengthened US military umbrella. As the book demonstrates, a new symbiotic economic architecture powered the West, but the Eastern European regimes increasingly became a burden to the Soviet Union. They were drowning in debt, and the Kremlin no longer had the resources to rescue them.
Articulating an Alternative Cultural Identity
Authors: Lim Wah Guan
Published: October 2024

This chapter focuses on Kuo Pao Kun, born in 1939 in a poor village in Hebei, who witnessed natural disasters and Japanese aggression as a young boy. It looks at Kuo's education in both Chinese- and English-medium schools, along with exposure to rural festivities, street opera, and radio drama, that laid the foundation for his bilingual literacy and early interest in theater. It also details how Kuo received formal screen-acting training from pioneers in Singapore Chinese drama and how he later studied at the National Institute of Dramatic Art in Australia. Despite his incarceration in the mid-1970s for leftist leanings, Kuo's contributions to the arts were eventually recognized with the Cultural Medallion in 1989. The chapter describes Kuo's multilingual theater praxis, which resisted state-sanctioned ethnic pigeonholing and reflected a complex cultural identity and advancing Singapore's theatrical landscape.
Singing to Echo
Authors: Worsley Amelia
Published: October 2024

This chapter argues that in both “Il Penseroso” and A Masque Presented at Ludlow Castle, 1634, John Milton experiments with what the new terms “lonely” and “loneliness” might make possible, and as a result, offers two powerful models for later lonely poets. The Lady, in her loneliness, functions as a foil to Il Penseroso. The Masque grapples with the problem that melancholy poses to lonely figures in just the same way that the shorter poem does, albeit more subtly. It also dwells on how the gender of a literary character defines the way their loneliness functions. Both “Il Penseroso” and A Masque respond directly to Robert Burton's pronouncements on the dangers of solitude in the Anatomy of Melancholy (1621). Milton's representation of the way that the Lady wrestles with melancholy in her loneliness complicates the more simplistic series of oppositions he had previously made between Melancholy and Mirth in his companion poems “Il Penseroso” and “L'Allegro.” In this acknowledgement of the challenges that loneliness produces in A Masque, and the way the Lady's song to Echo allows her to confront these difficulties, Milton offers a model of literary loneliness that future poets would not forget.
The Effect of Philosophy Activities for Children on Learners' Experiences and Critical Thinking Tendencies: An Action Research
Authors: ULUCAN Sevilay , BAŞBAY Makbule
Published: October 2024

Günümüzde bilim ve teknolojide yaşanan hızlı değişimler hem bireyleri hem de kurumları etkilemektedir. Bu değişim sürecine uyum sağlayabilecek bireyleri yetiştirme görevi ve sorumluluğu eğitim kurumlarındadır. 21. yy becerilerinden
biri olan eleştirel düşünmeyi küçük yaşlardan başlayarak öğrencilere kazandırmak değişen dünya koşulları için bir gerekliliktir. Oysa araştırmacının öğretmen olarak görev yaptığı okuldaki gözlemleriyle tutarlı biçimde okullarda
eleştirel düşünmeyi geliştirmeye yönelik çalışmalar maalesef yeterli değildir. Bu araştırmada Çocuklar İçin Felsefe (P4C) düşünme eğitimi programının, ilkokul dördüncü sınıf öğrencilerinin eleştirel düşünme eğilimleri üzerindeki
etkisi ve öğrenenlerin uygulama sürecine ilişkin deneyimleri incelenmiştir. Araştırma eylem araştırması niteliğindedir. Çalışma grubu, araştırmacının çalıştığı ilkokuldaki dördüncü sınıf öğrencilerinden gönüllü olanları ve onların
sınıf öğretmenlerinden oluşturulmuştur. 2021-2022 eğitim öğretim yılı bahar döneminde ilkokul dördüncü sınıf düzeyinde 34 gönüllü öğrenci çalışma grubuna katılmış, on hafta boyunca P4C etkinliği gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen
niteliksel verilerin analizi sonucunda Fiziksel Ortam, Bilişsel Ortam, Sosyal Ortam, Duygusal Ortam, Beklenmeyen Nimetler, Eleştirel Düşünme temalarına ulaşılmıştır. Söz konusu boyutlarda uygulamaların olumlu etkileri ortaya çıkmıştır.
Ayrıca katılımcıların eleştirel düşünme eğilimleri öntest ve sontest puanlarının arasında anlamlı farklılıklar olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak; P4C uygulamaları ilkokul dördüncü sınıf öğrencilerinin eleştirel düşünme eğilimlerini
ve felsefi düşünme becerilerini geliştirirken akademik başarılarına ve düşünme becerilerine katkı sağlayabilir; kitap okuma isteklerini arttırabilir; eğlenirken öğrenmelerini sağlayabilir; saygılı olma, işbirlikli düşünme gibi
sosyal beceriler edinmelerini mümkün kılabilir ve dinleme becerilerini geliştirebilir.
PRODUÇÕES FICCIONAIS RELIGIOSAS:
Authors: DOS SANTOS ALLISTON FELLIPE NASCIMENTO
Published: October 2024

Nos últimos anos, a emissora brasileira de televisão aberta, Record TV, produz e exibe minisséries e telenovelas oriundas das histórias da bíblia sagrada. Esse fator vem sendo determinante para evidenciar um padrão de teledramaturgia brasileira com o objetivo de alcançar uma audiência específica para essa segmentação narrativa. Por essa lógica, o objetivo do trabalho é analisar de que forma as produções ficcionais religiosas da Record TV se estruturam em um conceito intitulado tecnoestético, trazendo contribuições de autores que falam sobre essa perspectiva por meio de uma revisão de literatura. Como resultados principais, evidenciamos que a emissora oferta uma teledramaturgia bíblica não apenas para angariar novas audiências pouco exploradas pelas suas concorrentes, mas também para corroborar com um sistema econômico vigente e lucrativo.
O USO DO CINEMA EM UMA ESCOLA DE BAGÉ-RS E O DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UM GUIA PARA AUXILIAR PROFESSORES NESSAS ATIVIDADES
Authors: Da Costa Soares Augustho , Corrêa Ferreira Cristiano
Published: October 2024

As discussões acerca do papel pedagógico do cinema no Brasil foram impulsionadas na última década com a criação da Lei 13.006/14, que tornou obrigatória a exibição de filmes nacionais nas escolas de educação básica. Nesse contexto, esse trabalho buscou conhecer como os professores de uma escola de educação básica em Bagé/RS se relacionam com o cinema, além de desenvolver um guia digital, em formato de website, para auxiliá-los no processo de produção de atividades envolvendo o cinema na escola. Este estudo configura-se como uma pesquisa de campo descritiva e qualitativa com aplicação de questionários aos professores, e que posteriormente foram avaliados a partir do método de análise de conteúdo. Os professores deram uma resposta positiva sobre o conteúdo e estrutura do guia digital. Além disso, vale ressaltar que o recurso didático oferece dicas para auxiliar os educadores na escolha de um filme. Dessa forma, ratifica-se que o guia digital elaborado pode ser utilizado como o ponto de partida para auxiliar os professores na incorporação efetiva do cinema no ambiente escolar.
Research Progress on Electrical Properties of Self-sensing Concrete
Authors: Song Huixin
Published: October 2024

In order to effectively avoid the different degrees of impact and damage to the existing buildings and structures, it is particularly important to strengthen the health detection of such structures and facilities, which is also an important research field in the development of green building discipline. Smart concrete is both structural and functional, and has the potential of self-monitoring of concrete structures. This paper reviews the basic concepts of self-sensing concrete, including the research progress of self-sensing concrete materials, and summarizes the classification of different conductive phase materials and their conductive properties. Secondly, the basic mechanical properties and electrical properties of self-sensing concrete are discussed. The factors affecting the perceptual performance of self-sensing concrete considered by different scholars are summarized. It is concluded that few scholars have studied the mechano-electric interaction evaluation mechanism that takes the electrical parameters into account the stress, strain, crack or damage of concrete, and evaluates mechanical properties and crack propagation length through the change of electrical signals. Finally, the importance of self-sensing performance of intelligent concrete is emphasized, and the prospect of future research is put forward.
Memory-type Mean Estimators for Surveys with Non-response: A Regression-imputation and Ewma Approach
Authors: Yahya Yusuf Ajibola , Audu Ahmed , Dauran N.S , Abdullaahi Sanusi
Published: October 2024

Sampling survey mostly faces the challenge of missing information or non-response, Missing data naturally occurs in sample surveys when a few sampling units refuse to respond or are unable to participate in the survey. In time based survey, this could happen due to relocation or system malfunctioning after some period. This missing information can bring about a substantial amount of bias, make the handling and analysis of the data more arduous and create reductions in efficiency of the estimator. Surmounting this challenge bring about the development of various imputation-based mean estimation methods. Some of these, ratio-type regression estimators have been devised to compute population parameters using only current sample data. However, recent researches has changed this approach by integrating both past and current sample information through the application of exponentially weighted moving averages (EWMA). This new invented methodology has given rise to the creation of memory-type estimators tailored for surveys conducted over time. In this paper, we present regression- imputation and EWMA based memory-type mean estimators in the presence of non- response. For the performance assessment between existing and proposed estimators, two real-life time-scaled data sets are considered.  In the first data set proposed estimators (Tp1 and Tp2) have the minimum MSE and higher PRE and also in the second data set, results show that the proposed estimators (estimators (Tp1 and Tp2) have the minimum MSE and higher PRE when compared with the existing estimators at all levels of smoothing parameter. Therefore the proposed estimator will perform better in estimating the EWMA-based mean in the presence non response for time based survey and longitudinal survey. Most especially in quality control data that are collected over time. The current work is limited to simple random sampling which assumes homogeneity of the population units.  Further work can be done on stratify random sampling which assumes heterogeneity of the population units.
Study about Identification of Purple Blotch and Thrips Resistant Lines of Onion (Allium cepa L.)
Authors: Mahala Kamal , D.K.Yadav  , Gupta Deepak , Choudhary M. R. , Ujjainiya Pushpa , Goswami Manika
Published: October 2024

Thirty six elite genotypes were evaluated during the winter season (rabi) 2022-23 at three different environments in 3 replications. RO-1, RO-59, RO-1 × RO-59, RO-1 × Pusa Madhavi, RO-59 × Pusa Madhavi, RO-59 × Kashi No. 1 genotypes had showed thrips population less than 22.90 and highly resistant to thrips infestation. Purple blotch disease, caused by Alternaria porri is the most common devastating disease of onion under field conditions throughout the globe. RO-1, Pusa Shobha, RO-1 × RO-59 and Bhima Kiran × Bhima Shakti were found resistant with a grade scale of 1. The per cent leaf area infection ranged from 1-10 per cent.
Response of Chitosan Salicylic Acid Nanoformulations on Growth, Yield and Quality Attributes of Strawberry cv. Winter Dawn
Authors: Gora Mahendra Kumar , Singh Virendra , Saharan Vinod , Yadav Rakesh Kumar , Prithiani Surbhi
Published: October 2024

A field experiment was conducted during 2022-23 at horticulture farm, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with three replications. In this experiment, data showed that growth, yield and quality attributes of strawberry were significantly enhanced by Chitosan salicylic acid nanofromulation (CS-SA NF) @ 800-1200 ppm as compare to salicylic acid (SA) @ 100-300 ppm, bulk chitosan (BCH) @ 100-1200 ppm. According to the data the maximum values of growth attributes viz. plant height (25.92 cm), number of branches (11.84) and yield attributes viz. number of fruits per plant (28.68), fruit weight (20.02 g), yield per plant (659.65 g), estimated yield per hectare (366.47 qt.) and quality attributes viz. TSS (7.54 oBrix), ascorbic acid (62.91 mg/100g) and total sugar (7.30 %) were found maximum in CS-SA NF 800 ppm.
Perinatal Toxicology: Its Recognition and Fundamentals
Authors: Miller Richard K.
Published: June 2017

Perinatal toxicology is the study of aberrant or toxic responses to environmental agents when exposure occurs from conception through the neonatal period. The current increased interest in perinatal toxicology reflects the concern of both society and the individual in the resultant deficits induced by exposure to agents in the workplace, home. environment and by therapeutic intervention during early development. Not only is differentiation during organogenesis (the first eight weeks in human gestation) a highly susceptible period to the induction of malformations, but the fetal/neonatal developmental phases are just as sensitive for certain developmental deficits. Long‐term postnatal evaluations are in most instances critical for the documentation of fetal/neonatal functional defects, which include carcinoogenesis, behavioral impairment, endocrine and immune dysfunction, Ethylnitrosource, estrogens (diethylstilbestrol), and cadmium are discussed in relationship to specificity of their fetal effects, long‐term follow‐up, and possible mechanisms of toxic action.
NOAH: NMR Supersequences for Small Molecule Analysis and Structure Elucidation
Authors: Kupče Ēriks , Claridge Tim D. W.
Published: June 2017

Nested NMR experiments combining up to five conventional NMR pulse sequences into one supersequence are introduced. The core 2D NMR techniques routinely employed in small molecule NMR spectroscopy, such as HSQC, HMQC, HMBC, COSY, NOESY, TOCSY, and similar, can be recorded in a single measurement. In this way the data collection time may be dramatically reduced and sample throughput increased for basic NMR applications, such as structure elucidation and verification in synthetic, medicinal, and natural product chemistry.
Effect of interfacial enhancing on morphology, mechanical, and rheological properties of polypropylene‐ground tire rubber powder blends
Authors: Lu Yonglai , Yang Ying , Xiao Peng , Feng Yuxing , Liu Li , Tian Ming , Li Xiaolin , Zhang Liqun
Published: June 2017

In this work, polypropylene (PP)‐ground tire rubber (GTR) blends are prepared by means of melt‐extrusion process using a co‐rotating twin screw extruder. The influences of types of compatibilizers and crosslinkers on the interfacial interaction state, mechanical and rheological properties of PP‐GTR blends are investigated systematically. Particularly, quantitative nano mechanic technique of atom force microscope was employed to examine the change in thickness of the interfacial transition layer between PP and GTR phase with variety of compatibilizer and crosslinker types. Results indicated that styrene‐b‐poly(ethylene‐ethylene/propylene)‐b‐polystyrene (SEEPS) and peroxide are optimal compatibilizer and crosslinker for interfacial interaction enhancement, respectively. The resultant PP‐GTR blend possesses tensile strength of 14.5 MPa, elongation at break of 307%, and permanent set of 16%. It was expected that reaction activities of the crosslinker with GTR and SEEPS would have a significant influence on the agglomeration of GTR particles and the interaction between PP and GTR phase. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45354.
Metabolomics revealed the toxicity of cationic liposomes in HepG2 cells using UHPLC‐Q‐TOF/MS and multivariate data analysis
Authors: Yu Jing , Zhang Hai , Li Ying , Sun Sen , Gao Jie , Zhong Yanqiang , Sun Duxin , Zhang Guoqing
Published: June 2017

Cationic liposomes (CLs) are novel nonviral vectors widely used for delivering drugs or genes. However, applications of CLs are largely hampered by their cytotoxicity, partly because the potential mechanism underlying the cytotoxicity of CLs remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to explore the underlying mechanism of cytotoxicity induced by CLs on HepG2 cells. Differential metabolites were identified and quantified using ultra‐liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐Q‐TOF/MS). The toxicity of CLs on HepG2 cells was evaluated by multivariate data analysis and statistics. Additionally, CCK‐8 assay, heatmap, pathway and co‐expression network were carried out to explore the relations between the metabolites and the pathways. The results showed a dose‐dependent toxic effect of CLs on HepG2 cells, with an IC50 value of 119.9 μg/mL. Multivariate statistical analysis identified 42 potential metabolites between CLs exposure and control groups. Pathway analysis showed significant changes in pathways involving amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in the CLs exposure group vs the control group. Metabolites related to the above‐mentioned pathways included phenylalanine, methionine, creatine, oxalacetic acid, glutathione, oxidized glutathione, choline phosphate and several unsaturated fatty acids, indicating that cells were disturbed in amino acid metabolism, energy and lipid supply when CLs exposure‐induced injury occurred. It is concluded that CLs may induce cytotoxicity by enhancing reactive oxygen species in vitro, affect the normal process of energy metabolism, disturb several vital signaling pathways and finally induce cell death.
Anticipation of digital patterns
Authors: Ochs Karlheinz , Ziegler Martin , Hernandez‐Guevara Eloy , Solan Enver , Ignatov Marina , Hansen Mirko , Gill Mahal Singh , Kohlstedt Hermann
Published: June 2017

A memristive device is a novel passive device, which is essentially a resistor with memory. This device can be used for novel technical applications like neuromorphic computation. In this paper, we focus on anticipation—a capability of a system to decide how to react in an environment by predicting future states. Especially, we have designed an elementary memristive circuit for the anticipation of digital patterns, where this circuit is based on the capability of an amoeba to anticipate periodically occurring unipolar pulses. The resulting circuit has been verified by digital simulations and has been realized in hardware as well. For the practical realization, we have used an Ag‐doped TiO2−x‐based memristive device, which has been fabricated in planar capacitor structures on a silicon wafer. The functionality of the circuit is shown by simulations and measurements. Finally, the anticipation of information is demonstrated by using images, where the robustness of this anticipatory circuit against noise and faulty intermediate information is visualized.
Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution and Hydrogen Oxidation with a Ni(PS)2 Complex
Authors: Jain Rahul , Mashuta Mark S. , Buchanan Robert M. , Grapperhaus Craig A.
Published: June 2017

Tetra‐coordinate NiII and ZnII complexes employing the PS chelates 2‐(diphenylphosphanyl)benzenethiol (HL1) and 2‐(diisopropylphosphanyl)benzenethiol (HL2) have been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic, structural, and electrochemical methods. All complexes were screened for electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution with acetic acid and hydrochloric acid and hydrogen oxidation in the presence of triethylamine. The nickel complex Ni(L1)2 (1) was found to reduce protons from external acids to generate hydrogen with a turnover frequency of 140 s–1 at an overpotential of 1.1 V and cleave dihydrogen using redox active base triethylamine (Et3N) with a turnover frequency of 23 s–1 at an overpotential of 0.33 V. Ni(L2)2 (3) was also found to be an active catalyst for dihydrogen oxidation, but inefficient for proton reduction due to inaccessible Ni (II/I) reduction in the potential window. Zn(L1)2 (2) and Zn(L2)2 (4) complexes were found to be inadequate for their electrocatalytic behaviour towards both the reactions.
Indole–Indole Ullmann Cross‐Coupling for CAr–N Bond Formation: Total Synthesis of (–)‐Aspergilazine A
Authors: Alonso Iago , Alvarez Rosana , de Lera Ángel R.
Published: June 2017

The copper‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction of indole and protected haloindoles (X = Br, I) by using CuI, N,N′‐dimethylethylenediamine, and K2CO3 in dioxane at 130 °C afforded the corresponding bis‐indole products in generally high yields. Starting from the N1′–C6 bis‐indole positional isomer obtained by CAr–N Ullmann coupling, a new synthesis of (–)‐aspergilazine A was completed. A bidirectional Negishi‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of the C3,C3′‐diiodo N1′–C6 bis‐indole derivative was used to construct the corresponding bis‐tryptophan. Amide formation with l‐proline and thermally induced deprotection/cyclization completed the diketopiperazine units of (–)‐aspergilazine A.
Growing new generations of critical zone scientists
Authors: Wymore Adam S. , West Nicole R. , Maher Kate , Sullivan Pamela L. , Harpold Adrian , Karwan Diana , Marshall Jill A. , Perdrial Julia , Rempe Daniella M. , Ma Lin
Published: June 2017

Critical zone (CZ) science is entering its second decade. A new generation of scientists is emerging trained specifically in CZ science and are contributing to advances in environmental science across disciplines. Concurrently, the global scope of CZ science is being elevated as new countries invest in CZ observatories. Global CZ science has great potential to address a diverse array of questions beyond any single discipline. In this commentary we discuss a series of CZ science grand challenges that should be targeted by early‐career researchers: understanding water availability in the CZ; expanding CZ science into new environments; communicating the societal relevance of CZ science including earthcasting to the public; seamlessly integrating biological sciences within the CZ framework; and scaling CZ processes over large spatial and temporal gradients. Targeting these grand challenges will push CZ science well into the future. We also highlight mechanisms for increased leadership within the CZ community. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Origins and accumulation processes of the Ordovician gas condensate in the Tazhong area, Tarim Basin, northwest China
Authors: Liu Yifeng , Qiu Nansheng , Chen Jianfa , Zhao Xingqi , Chang Jian
Published: June 2017

Abundant gas condensates have been proven in the Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in the Tazhong area, the centre of the Tarim Basin, where complicated geological evolution and multiple hydrocarbon accumulations have occurred. Property, geochemistry, and stable carbon isotopes of the Ordovician condensate are characterized to identify the oil and gas origins in the Tazhong area. Fluid inclusion data, combined with numerical modelling methods was used to determine petroleum accumulation processes. Our results suggest that oils are characterized by mixed sources, with 64% of contributions from the Middle‐Upper Ordovician (O2+3) source rocks and 36% of contributions from the Lower‐Middle Cambrian (Є1+2) source rocks. Gases are primarily generated from the thermal cracking of pre‐existing oils in the underlying strata, with a small amount derived from kerogen cracking accompanied with oil generation. Three petroleum filling stages are determined, including the filling of the Є1+2‐derived oils during the Late Hercynian period, filling of the O2+3‐derived oils during the Yanshan period and oil‐cracking‐gas charge during the Himalayan period. The accumulation processes and relative contribution ratios of the two source rocks vary among the reservoirs and are mainly related to the transport system. Due to the lack of faults in the regions away from the No. 1 Fault Belt, the Є1+2‐derived oils are difficult to fill into the Ordovician reservoirs through the gypsolyte, and thus the accumulated oils are mainly from the O2+3 source rocks. The percentage of the O2+3‐derived oils is high in the southeast and northwest segments of the No. 1 Fault Belt, but relatively low in the middle segment and the vicinity of the No. 10 Structure Belt. Likewise, the late gas charge intensity is controlled by regionally varying conduit systems. Gas condensate formed in reservoirs with high gas/oil ratios. Otherwise, light oil retains with respect to low gas/oil ratios.
Two sides to every story: Children learn words better from one storybook page at a time
Authors: Flack Zoe M. , Horst Jessica S.
Published: June 2017

Two experiments tested how the number of illustrations in storybooks influences 3.5‐year‐old children's word learning from shared reading. In Experiment 1, children encountered stories with two regular‐sized A4 illustrations, one regular‐sized A4 illustration, or one large‐sized A3 illustration (in the control group) per spread. Children learned significantly fewer words when they had to find the referent within two illustrations presented at the same time. In Experiment 2, a gesture was added to guide children's attention to the correct page in the 2‐illustration condition. Children who saw two illustrations with a guiding gesture learned words as well as children who had seen only one illustration per spread. Results are discussed in terms of the cognitive load of word learning from storybooks.

Highlights

This study demonstrates that the number of illustrations in storybooks influences rate of word learning.

Children who see only 1 illustration at a time learn more words from storybooks. Children who see 2 illustrations at a time do not learn words from storybooks. When a supporting gesture is added, children can learn words in the presence of 2 illustrations.

Extraneous information hinders word learning from storybooks.
Effect of astaxanthin and aluminum chloride on erythrocyte G6PD and 6PGD enzyme activities in vivo and on erythrocyte G6PD in vitro in rats
Authors: Temel Yusuf , Bengü Aydın Şükrü , Akkoyun Hurrem Turan , Akkoyun Mahire , Ciftci Mehmet
Published: June 2017

In this study, we investigated the effect of astaxanthin (Ast) and aluminum (Al) on the erythrocyte glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) enzymes activities in vivo and on G6PD enzyme in vitro in rats. For in vitro studies, G6PD enzyme was purified from rat erythrocyte by using 2′,5′‐ADP‐Sepharose 4B affinity gel. The effects of Ast and Al3+ ion were investigated on the purified enzyme. It was determined that Ast increased the enzyme activity, whereas Al3+ inhibited the enzyme activity noncompetitively (IC50 values; 0.679 mM, Ki values 1.32 mM). For in vivo studies, the rats were divided into the groups: control (Cont.), Al, Ast, and Al + Ast. The last three groups were compared with the control group. In Al group, a significant degree of inhibition was observed in the activity of G6PD and 6PGD enzymes when compared with the control group (P < 0.05), whereas there was an increase in the activities of G6PD and 6PGD enzymes in Ast and Al + Ast groups (P < 0.05).
Acquisition of PN sequences using multilayer perceptron neural network adaptive processor for multiuser detection in spread‐spectrum communication systems
Authors: Benkrinah Sabra , Benslama Malek
Published: June 2017

A non‐coherent serial acquisition scheme for direct sequence spread spectrum communication systems is analyzed and discussed in this paper. The adaptive thresholding based on constant false alarm rate and multilayer perceptron neural network (MLP‐NN) techniques are combined to improve the performance of code division multiple access systems. One of the most important problems in code acquisition of pseudo‐noise sequences for multiuser detection is the presence of interferences caused by the multiple access technique and multipath replicas. To solve this problem, an MLP‐NN is trained and adapted to work as a constant false alarm rate detector using the error back propagation gradient descendent algorithm. It is named MLP‐NN adaptive processor. The performance of this proposed algorithm is presented using the serial search acquisition system, which is chosen because of its simple hardware implementation. The performance of the MLP‐NN adaptive processor algorithm in homogeneous and non‐homogenous environments for additive white Gaussian noise and Rayleigh fading channels is evaluated via computer simulations. The obtained results are compared to other serial acquisition schemes using the cell‐averaging adaptive processor, the order statistics adaptive processor, and the automatic censoring adaptive processor algorithms.
Physiological, molecular and ultrastructural analyses during ripening and over‐ripening of banana (Musa spp., AAA group, Cavendish sub‐group) fruit suggest characteristics of programmed cell death
Authors: Ramírez‐Sánchez Maricruz , Huber Donald J , Vallejos C Eduardo , Kelley Karen
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND

Programmed cell death (PCD) is a part of plant development that has been studied for petal senescence and vegetative tissue but has not been thoroughly investigated for fleshy fruits. The purpose of this research was to examine ripening and over‐ripening in banana fruit to determine if there were processes in common to previously described PCD.

RESULTS

Loss of cellular integrity (over 40%) and development of senescence related dark spot (SRDS) occurred after day 8 in banana peel. Nuclease and protease activity in the peel increased during ripening starting from day 2, and decreased during over‐ripening. The highest activity was for proteases and nucleases with apparent molecular weights of 86 kDa and 27 kDa, respectively. Images of SRDS showed shrinkage of the upper layers of cells, visually suggesting cell death. Decrease of electron dense areas was evident in TEM micrographs of nuclei.

CONCLUSION

This study shows for the first time that ripening and over‐ripening of banana peel share physiological and molecular processes previously described in plant PCD. SRDS could represent a morphotype of PCD that characterizes a structural and biochemical failure in the upper layers of the peel, thereafter spreading to lower and adjacent layers of cells. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Assessment of beer quality based on foamability and chemical composition using computer vision algorithms, near infrared spectroscopy and machine learning algorithms
Authors: Gonzalez Viejo Claudia , Fuentes Sigfredo , Torrico Damir , Howell Kate , Dunshea Frank R
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND

Beer quality is mainly defined by its colour, foamability and foam stability, which are influenced by the chemical composition of the product such as proteins, carbohydrates, pH and alcohol. Traditional methods to assess specific chemical compounds are usually time‐consuming and costly. This study used rapid methods to evaluate 15 foam and colour‐related parameters using a robotic pourer (RoboBEER) and chemical fingerprinting using near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) from six replicates of 21 beers from three types of fermentation. Results from NIR were used to create partial least squares regression (PLS) and artificial neural networks (ANN) models to predict four chemometrics such as pH, alcohol, Brix and maximum volume of foam.

RESULTS

The ANN method was able to create more accurate models (R2 = 0.95) compared to PLS. Principal components analysis using RoboBEER parameters and NIR overtones related to protein explained 67% of total data variability. Additionally, a sub‐space discriminant model using the absorbance values from NIR wavelengths resulted in the successful classification of 85% of beers according to fermentation type.

CONCLUSION

The method proposed showed to be a rapid system based on NIR spectroscopy and RoboBEER outputs of foamability that can be used to infer the quality, production method and chemical parameters of beer with minimal laboratory equipment. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Photocatalytic Activity of Titania/Polydicyclopentadiene PolyHIPE Composites
Authors: Yüce Elif , Mert Emine Hilal , Krajnc Peter , Parın Fatma Nur , San Nevim , Kaya Dila , Yıldırım Hüseyin
Published: June 2017

Macroporous polymer composites with photocatalytic activity are prepared by the polymerization of surface modified TiO2 nanoparticle stabilized high internal phase emulsions. Poly(ethylene glycol‐b‐propylene glycol‐b‐ethylene glycol) triblock copolymer is used to synthesize surface modified TiO2 anatase via a sol–gel method. Macroporous composites are obtained by the ring opening metathesis polymerization of dicyclopentadiene within the particle‐stabilized high internal phase emulsion templates. Photocatalytic activity of the resulting macroporous polymer composites is described by the kinetic data of the heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation reaction of 4‐nitrophenol.
Quarternized Short Polyethylenimine Shows Good Activity against Drug‐Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Yew Pek Yin Michelle , Chee Pei Lin , Cally Owh , Zhang Kangyi , Liow Sing Shy , Loh Xian Jun
Published: June 2017

The rise in resistant bacteria strains worldwide is proving to be a challenge to the healthcare industry. These “superbugs” are emerging faster than the rate of new antibiotic discovery. This has a heavy impact on medical devices as they are susceptible to biofilm production. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) causes infections to be difficult to treat, especially postimplantation of a medical device. To prevent bacterial adhesion on devices, various types are coatings are introduced. By binding antibiotics to polymers, an effective adhesive coating on the surface can be created. However, with AMR on the rise, these polymers are losing their efficacy in the application. Another class of antimicrobial polymers with a different mode of mechanism will be explored in this project. Biocidal polymers are effective antimicrobial agents as they rely on the electrostatic interactions between the polymeric charged groups and the charged microbial membrane. Polyethylenimine (PEI) can be modified to achieve a macromolecule containing various charged cationic groups. Quaternizing low‐molecular‐weight PEI with different alkyl groups of short, long, and aromatic groups will give rise to various structural differences. The structure of the quaternized PEI is characterized, and its antimicrobial activity and compatibility are shown to be remarkably improved.

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Placebo response and its determinants in children with ADHD across multiple observers and settings: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Fageera Weam , Traicu Alexandru , Sengupta Sarojini M. , Fortier Marie‐Eve , Choudhry Zia , Labbe Aurélie , Grizenko Natalie , Joober Ridha
Published: June 2017

This study aims to quantify placebo response (PR) in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as assessed by parents and teachers and to explore some of its determinants.

Five hundred and forty children with ADHD (ages 6–12) were recruited to a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled crossover trial with methylphenidate. The main outcome variable was Conners' Global Index (CGI), based on assessment of behaviour by parents (CGI‐P) and teacher (CGI‐T). PR was calculated as the difference between CGI‐P/T scores at baseline and placebo week.

There was a highly significant PR as assessed by the parents' and teachers' (p < 0.001). The magnitude of PR as assessed by parents was greater (10.57 points) compared to that assessed by teachers (3.93 points). The determinants of PR were different between parents and teachers. For parents, income, marital status, education, maternal smoking during pregnancy, and prior psychostimulant exposure (PPE) showed a significant effect on PR. For teachers, only ethnicity and PPE had an effect. The pattern of PR revealed two distinct profiles that may shed some light on the mechanisms involved in PR.

PR in children with ADHD varies depending on the setting of the observations and the evaluator. Several psychosocial factors have been identified as modulators of PR. This is relevant for the design and interpretation of clinical trials and for clinical practice.
Trauma induces overexpression of Cx43 in human fetal membrane defects
Authors: Barrett David W. , Kethees Aumie , Thrasivoulou Christopher , Mata Alvaro , Virasami Alex , Sebire Neil J. , Engels Alex C. , Deprest Jan A. , Becker David L. , David Anna L. , Chowdhury Tina T.
Published: June 2017

Objective

We developed an in vitro model to examine whether trauma induces connexin 43 (Cx43) expression and collagen organisation in the amniotic membrane (AM) of fetal membrane (FM) defects.

Method

Term human FM was traumatised in vitro. Cell morphology and Cx43 were examined in the wound edge AM by immunofluorescence (IMF) confocal microscopy and compared to control AM. Collagen microstructure was examined by second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging. Cell viability was assessed with calcein and ethidium staining.

Results

After trauma, the AM showed a dense region of cells, which had migrated towards the wound edge. In wound edge AM, Cx43 puncta was preferentially distributed in mesenchymal cells compared to epithelial cells with significant expression in the fibroblast layer than epithelial layer (p < 0.001). In the fibroblast layer, the collagen fibres were highly polarised and aligned in parallel to the axis of the wound edge AM. There was an absence of cell migration across the defect with no healing after 168 h. Cell viability of the FM after trauma was maintained during culture.

Conclusion

Cx43 overexpression in wounded AM drives structural changes in collagen that slows down efficacy of cell migration across the FM defect. © 2017 The Authors. Prenatal Diagnosis published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Traumatic stress in patients with acute leukemia: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Rodin Gary , Deckert Amy , Tong Eryn , Le Lisa W. , Rydall Anne , Schimmer Aaron , Marmar Charles R. , Lo Chris , Zimmermann Camilla
Published: June 2017

Objective

Acute leukemia (AL) is associated with an immediate threat to life, an unpredictable clinical course, and substantial physical suffering. Traumatic stress symptoms that may meet criteria for acute stress disorder (ASD) may be common and disabling in this context, but have received little clinical attention. We investigated the incidence over time and risk factors for traumatic stress symptoms and ASD in the 3 months following diagnosis or relapse of AL.

Methods

Individuals with AL were recruited at a tertiary cancer center in Canada within one month of diagnosis or relapse. Participants (N = 230) completed self‐report measures, including the Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire, at baseline and monthly over 3 months. The incidence of traumatic stress symptoms over time was examined, and a generalized logistic model was used to identify factors associated with ASD.

Results

Participants were 60% male, with a mean age of 48.9 ± 15.2 years. Symptoms of ASD were identified on ≥1 assessment over the study period in 24.4% of participants at baseline and in an additional 12.6% at a subsequent follow‐up. Of these, 55.3% reported symptoms on ≥2 assessments. ASD was associated with having young children, being unmarried, acute lymphocytic leukemia, and greater physical symptom burden. Persistent or recurrent ASD was associated with female sex, acute lymphocytic leukemia, greater attachment anxiety, less spiritual well‐being, and less satisfactory patient‐clinician communication.

Conclusions

Symptoms of ASD are common and often persist or recur following diagnosis or relapse of AL. Research is urgently needed to determine the impact of interventions to prevent and treat psychological distress in this population.
Feasibility of the mobile mindfulness‐based stress reduction for breast cancer (mMBSR(BC)) program for symptom improvement among breast cancer survivors
Authors: Lengacher Cecile A. , Reich Richard R. , Ramesar Sophia , Alinat Carissa B. , Moscoso Manolete , Cousin Lakeshia , Marino Victoria R. , Elias Maya N. , Paterson Carly L. , Pleasant Michelle L. , Rodriguez Carmen S. , Wang Hsiao‐Lan , Kip Kevin E. , Meng Hongdao , Park Jong Y.
Published: June 2017

Objective

The purpose of this pilot study was to test the feasibility of delivering the mobile mindfulness‐based stress reduction for breast cancer (mMBSR(BC)) program using an iPad and to evaluate its impact on symptom improvement.

Methods

A single group, pre‐posttest design was implemented among female stages 0‐III breast cancer survivors (BCS) who completed treatment. Data were collected at baseline and week 6 on measures of psychological and physical symptoms and quality of life. The mMBSR(BC) program is a standardized, stress‐reducing intervention that combines sitting and walking meditation, body scan, and yoga and is designed to deliver weekly 2‐hour sessions for 6 weeks using an iPad.

Results

The mean age of the 15 enrolled BCS was 57 years; one participant was non‐Hispanic black, and 14 were non‐Hispanic white. Of the 13 who completed the study, there were significant improvements from baseline to 6 weeks post‐mMBSR(BC) in psychological and physical symptoms of depression, state anxiety, stress, fear of recurrence, sleep quality, fatigue, and quality of life (P's < .05). Effect sizes for improvements of multiple symptoms ranged from medium to large.

Conclusions

These results provide preliminary support that the mMBSR(BC) program may be feasible and acceptable, showing a clinical impact on decreasing psychological and physical symptoms. This mobile‐based program offers a delivery of a standardized MBSR(BC) intervention to BCS that is convenient for their own schedule while decreasing symptom burden in the survivorship phase after treatment for breast cancer.