bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teaching climate risk: a pilot training for tertiary students and practitioners in Brazil
Authors: Borges de Amorim Pablo , Chaffe Pedro Luiz Borges
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Climate change is one of the major challenges of our society thus educational resources on climate risk and adaptation are needed. In this case study, we present a short-duration training for tertiary students and practitioners about the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)’s climate risk framework. The training uses Problem-Based Learning (PBL) pedagogy, and its suitability and benefits are evaluated with observational qualitative analysis and self-assessment of knowledge of the participants of 5 independent groups in Brazil. We find that the application of a mapping exercise using the IPCC’s climate risk framework supports learning about climate risk, as well as data interpretation, creativity, teamwork, communication, and critical thinking by the participants. This work merges the IPCC’s climate risk framework and PBL for climate risk training. The proposed training enables the teaching of climate risk in stand-alone courses and professional development training in areas which climate is an embedded component.
Analyzing the PMIP4-CMIP6 ensemble: a workflow and tool (pmip_p2fvar_analyzer v1)
Authors: Zhao Anni , Brierley Chris M. , Jiang Zhiyi , Eyles Rachel , Oyarzún Damián , Gomez-Dans Jose
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Experiment outputs are now available from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project’s 6th phase (CMIP6) and the past climate experiments defined in the Model Intercomparison Project’s 4th phase (PMIP4). All of this output is freely available from the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF). Yet there are overheads in analysing this resource that may prove complicated or prohibitive. Here we document the steps taken by ourselves to produce ensemble analyses covering past and future simulations. We outline the strategy used to curate, adjust the monthly calendar aggregation and process the information downloaded from the ESGF. The results of these steps were used to perform analysis for several of the initial publications arising from PMIP4. We provide post-processed fields for each simulation, such as climatologies and common measures of variability. Example scripts used to visualise and analyse these fields is provided for several important case studies.
Quantifying the uncertainty of precipitation forecasting using probabilistic deep learning
Authors: Xu Lei , Chen Nengcheng , Yang Chao
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Precipitation forecasting is an important mission in weather science. In recent years, data-driven precipitation forecasting techniques could complement numerical prediction, such as precipitation nowcasting, monthly precipitation projection and extreme precipitation event identification. In data-driven precipitation forecasting, the predictive uncertainty arises mainly from data and model uncertainties. Current deep learning forecasting methods could model the parametric uncertainty by random sampling from the parameters. However, the data uncertainty is usually ignored in the forecasting process and the derivation of predictive uncertainty is incomplete. In this study, the input data uncertainty, target data uncertainty and model uncertainty are jointly modeled in a deep learning precipitation forecasting framework to estimate the predictive uncertainty. Specifically, the data uncertainty is estimated a priori and the input uncertainty is propagated forward through model weights according to the law of error propagation. The model uncertainty is considered by sampling from the parameters and is coupled with input and target data uncertainties in the objective function during the training process. Finally, the predictive uncertainty is produced by propagating the input uncertainty and sampling the weights in the testing process. The experimental results indicate that the proposed joint uncertainty modeling and precipitation forecasting framework exhibits comparable forecasting accuracy with existing methods, while could reduce the predictive uncertainty to a large extent relative to two existing joint uncertainty modeling approaches. The developed joint uncertainty modeling method is a general uncertainty estimation approach for data-driven forecasting applications.
Arctic sea level variability from high-resolution model simulations and implications for the Arctic observing system
Authors: Lyu Guokun , Serra Nuno , Zhou Meng , Stammer Detlef
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Two high-resolution model simulations are used to investigate the spatio-temporal variability of the Arctic Ocean sea level. The model simulations reveal barotropic sea level variability at periods < 30 days, which is strongly captured by bottom pressure observations. The seasonal sea level variability is driven by volume ex-changes with the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans and the redistribution of the water by the wind. Halosteric effects due to river runoff and evaporation minus precipitation (EmPmR), ice melting/formation also contribute in the marginal seas and seasonal sea ice extent regions. In the central Arctic Ocean, especially the Canadian Basin, the decadal halosteric effect dominates sea level variability. Satellite altimetric observations and Gravity Re-covery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) measurements could be used to infer freshwater content changes in the Canadian Basin at periods longer than one year. The increasing number of profiles seems to capture fresh-water content changes since 2007, encouraging further data synthesis work with a more complicated interpola-tion method. Further, in-situ hydrographic observations should be enhanced to reveal the freshwater budget and close the gaps between satellite altimetry and GRACE, especially in the marginal seas.
“Emma Goldman’s Ice Cream Parlor” and “To Be a Jew, Anywhere”
Authors: Gubernat Susan
Published: August 2021

Two poems, “Emma Goldman’s Ice Cream Parlor” and “To Be a Jew, Anywhere”.
They Called Us Enemy
Authors: Emerson Abby C.
Published: August 2021

This teaching note explores a possible use of George Takei's text They Called Us Enemy in a teacher education classroom.
Ghassan Kanafani’s “Men in the Sun”
Authors: Dittmar Linda
Published: August 2021

None
On Teaching Im/Migration in an Undergraduate Classroom
Authors: Dhar Amrita
Published: August 2021

This article examines the urgencies, challenges, and rewards of teaching about migration, emigration, and immigration in our time of massive human movement across the globe. I describe and analyse the beginnings, structure, and takeaways from my undergraduate course on the literature of human movements (whether for reasons of refuge, asylum, choice, adventure, exploration, survival). I argue that despite growing collective acknowledgment of increasing human mobility across our planet, it is the power and wisdom of stories through which we best engage with the specific and multifaceted realities of persons losing home, making home, making other, and making own. I also suggest, from my classroom experience, that a slow, reflective, and immersed sharing of stories of those who have been displaced, misplaced, replaced, and strangely-placed is a key pedagogical aspect of discussing im/migration in the twenty-first century, and that especially in the United States, we owe it to ourselves and our students to know and interrogate the longer vocabularies and histories of othering and belonging in the English language. Through my discussion of the class activities and conversations, I show, similarly, the ways in which a literature class on the topic of im/migration functions also as a generative venue for intersectional considerations of race, gender, ethnicity, class, caste, disability, sexuality, nationality, and un/documented status. I also include reflections about future iterations of this course as I draw on summative comments from my students. Finally: although my pedagogy is informed by my own migrant status in the US, I offer means for pedagogues from a range of backgrounds and instructional levels to engage with and further this conversation in different parts of the world.
America for Americans: A History of Xenophobia in the United States by Erika Lee
Authors: Richter Eva
Published: August 2021

A book review. America for Americans: A History of Xenophobia in the United States.
When Star Are Scattered by Victoria Jamieson and Omar Mohamed
Authors: Sedlock-Reiner Anna
Published: August 2021

A book review of When Star Are Scattered by Victoria Jamieson and Omar Mohamed.
Etnografías e historias de la periferia
Authors: Sánchez-Maldonado Jorge , Espinel Riveros Nancy
Published: August 2021

En cada una de estas dos etnografías que componen este libro, se lee una suerte de conciencia crítica de lo que implica el pecado original de la Antropología (el colonialismo) y por ello se entiende quizá cierto distanciamiento de ella en los profesores. Las etnografías que presentan los profesores son dos historias que asocian las realidades de poblaciones indígenas de dos espacios territoriales de Colombia: Caribe y Llanos orientales. Esa conciencia crítica de lo que ha sido históricamente el sello de nacimiento de la Antropología, es precisamente lo que ha dado diversidad a la misma disciplina en sus aproximaciones y ha permitido que existan propuestas distintas a ese proyecto inicial colonial. Las Ciencias Sociales, de todos modos, se han de mover entre las tensiones políticas para generar conocimientos sobre la realidad y, como trabajamos con gente, siempre tendremos afortunadamente la exigencia de preguntarnos si lo que estamos haciendo es ética y políticamente acertado. En este sentido, este libro busca aportar a las reflexiones sobre la relación entre producción de conocimientos, poder, historia y construcción de una región que no excluya lo mejor de nuestra civilización, sin dejar de lado las tristes experiencias y lecciones que ha dejado a su paso también. Este trabajo de los profesores Jorge Sánchez-Maldonado y Nancy Espinel Riveros, pone en contacto a dos investigadores que existen juntos hoy, y que, con orígenes distintos y territorios distintos, piensan desde la institución las posibilidades de producir un conocimiento que va más allá de la Antropología, indeterminación disciplinaria que se deriva de que su existencia como profesores e investigadores, y que tiene que ver con merodear desde hace mucho en territorios disciplinares que no fueron los suyos, pero que con su pasión por conocer y aprender han contribuido a la formación. Jorge, en la Escuela de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales, y Nancy, en la Escuela de Arquitectura, esperan seguir tendiendo puentes para producir un conocimiento adecuado a los tiempos que corren.
Virtual Hearing Aid Care – Clinical Practice Guidance Document
Authors: Glista Danielle , O’Hagan Robin , DiFabio Danielle , Moodie Sheila , Muñoz Karen , Joseph Keiran , Brown Christine , Curca Ioan , Meston Christine , Richert Frances , Bagatto Marlene , Pfingstgraef David
Published: August 2021

This document was informed by literature reviews conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute’s guide to evidence synthesis (Aromataris & Munn, 2017; https://joannabriggs.org) and includes evidence related to client candidacy, delivery models, modalities of delivery, and outcomes of virtual hearing aid fitting and management. This document provides clinical practice guidance for virtual hearing aid fitting and management processes and technological requirements in the delivery of such services (herein referred to as virtual hearing aid care). Virtual hearing aid care can include services delivered directly to a client by a provider or using facilitator-supported services and specialized equipment, depending on client factors, type of care, and the timepoint in the care process (e.g., initial versus follow-up appointments). This document will address virtual care including the following types of hearing aid care: o Programming o Verification o Validation o Management (counselling and education) Currently, virtual hearing aid care is better suited to follow-up appointments
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KETERLAMBATAN SURAT PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN KEUANGAN PADA PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN BOVEN DIGOEL
Authors: Basna Nimrod , Bharanti Bonifasia Elitha , Waromi Juliana
Published: August 2021

This paper studied the effect of human resources, regional budgeting planning and delays of third parties financial reporting to regional letters of financial accountability postponement. The study was conducted in Government Work Units in Boven Digoel Regency. There were 23 Work Units which involved in the study. There were 97 respondents using purposive sampling technique. An empirical test was run using Multiple Regression Model to test research hypotheses.

The study found that human resources and regional budgeting planning significantly impacted on the delays of letter of financial accountability in Boven Digoel Regency. In addition, the delays of third parties financial reporting were not supported to have impact on regional letters of financial accountability postponement in the Regency.

Key words: Human Resources, Regional Budgeting Planning, Delays of third parties financial reporting
KEMANFAATAN PROGRAM/KEGIATAN PEMBANGUNAN DI KOTA JAYAPURA
Authors: Purwadi Marsi Adi
Published: August 2021

In general, the objective of the study is to analyze the impact of development through physical activities undertaken by Jayapura City Government in 2015 against beneficiaries. The method used is an explanatory analysis. Quantitative descriptive statistical research into the form of measures of concentration, frequency distribution, cross tab analysis. Based on the results from the evaluation of programs / activities undertaken by Jayapura City Government in 2015, it can be concluded that: (1) The median financial and bodily realization through the use of local government budgets in 2015 is quite good because the realization of more than 93 percent ; (2) The General Allocation Fund is the largest source of funds used by Jayapura City Government in the implementation of development through bodily activities in 2015; and (3) The mean community assessing the implementation of development through programs / activities undertaken by the Jayapura City Government through DAK, DAU, DAU / DAK, DID and OTSUS Fund has been optimally and felt useful by the community. While only a small percentage of respondents stated that programs / activities undertaken by the local government have not been beneficial to the improvement to the community economy in Jayapura City.

Keywords: development evaluation, program / activity benefit
PENGARUH PARTISIPASI ANGGARAN, KETEPATAN ANGGARAN TERHADAP SENJANGAN ANGGARAN DENGAN KOMITMEN ORGANISASI SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI (STUDI PADA PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN JAYAPURA)
Authors: Kalembang Meise , Allo Layuk Paulus K. , Falah Syaikhul
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this research is to understand the influence of the participation and the budget acuracy against budget gap with a current commitment of organization as moderation variables. This kind of research is quantitative research by the use of the primary data. The research population is civil servants of SKPD in Jayapura regency. The amount of sample was 105. Method used in the study was moderated regression analysis.

The results of this study found that the budgeting participation has a positive and significant impact on budget gap, while the budget accuracy can not have positive and significant impact on budget gap. Organization commitment as moderate variable cannot moderating budgeting participation and the budget accuracy to budget gap in Jayapura regency.

Keywords: Budget participation, budget accuracy, budget gap, organization commitment.
STRATEGI PENINGKATAN RETRIBUSI PASAR YOUTEFA, SEBAGAI SALAH SATU SUMBER PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH
Authors: Antikasari Yuli , Ratang Westim , Sanggrangbano Agustina
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study is to determine changes in the organizational environment, both internal and external environments in an effort to increase the acceptance of market retribution. Descriptive research method with a qualitative approach. While the technique of collecting data with the method of documentation, in-depth interviews and direct observation. Data analysis uses interaction analysis models and SWOT analysis so that strategic issues emerge, namely: 1. Low ability and skills of employees. 2. Weak supervision and law enforcement. 3. Low level of merchant awareness of rules. 4. Practice setting targets that have not been based on existing potential.

To respond to the issue, a strategy was developed as follows: Improving the quality of Human Resources through education and courses; The same understanding of organizational mission; Improvement of work procedures; socialization and counseling on rights and obligations in accordance with existing rules; cooperating with other related agencies, for example the Satong Praja Police; Persuasive and Repressive Approach; Commitments from all parties in setting targets; use actual potential data in setting targets.

Keywords: Market Retribution, Acceptance, Strategy, Improvement.
ANALISIS PENGARUH KARAKTERISTIK PEMDA, INDEKS PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA, DAN KUALITAS HASIL AUDIT TERHADAP TINGKAT PENGUNGKAPAN LKPD
Authors: Najah Usrotun
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study is aimed to determine the influence of the characteristics of region governments. The characteristics includes the regional government’s wealth; balance funds; and the level of regional financial independence, the Human Development Index, and the BPK's audit quality results which includes findings; deviation level; and audit opinion toward the level of disclosure in local government financial statements. The populations in this study are all the Local Government Financial Reports of regencies and cities in Central and East Java. The number of samples in this study were 130 Local Government Financial Statements. The result of this study shows that: Regional Government Wealth and Regional Financial Independence Ratios significantly influences the Local Government Financial Statement disclosure level, while Intergovernmental Revenue; The Human Development Index; Audit Findings; Audit Deviation Levels; and Audit Opinions did not significantly influences the Local Government Financial Statement disclosure level.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENYUSUNAN ANGGARAN BELANJA BERBASIS KINERJA DI PEMERINTAH PROVINSI PAPUA BARAT
Authors: Makalew Nengsi Oktavia , Allo Layuk Paulus Kombo , Purba Riani Ida Ayu
Published: August 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of partially and simultaneously between Human Resources Competence, Organizational Commitment, and Appreciation on Performance-Based Budgeting in the Regional Organizations of West Papua Province Government. The sample in this study were 96 employees. The analytical tool in this study is multiple linear regression using the SPSS Program.The results showed that; 1) Partially independent variables (HR competencies and rewards influence the preparation of performance-based budgeting in the Regional Government of West Papua Province. 2). Together / simultaneously Human resource competency variables, organizational commitment, and rewards influence the preparation of performance-based budgeting in the Regional Government of West Papua Province. 3). The dominant variable influencing performance-based budgeting in the West Papua Provincial Government is the award.
LA EDUCACIÓN EN TIEMPOS DE PANDEMIA
Authors: Gutiérrez Cano José Miguel
Published: August 2021

Este artículo pretende acercar la realidad de la experiencia vivida en el periodo de pandemia desde el punto de vista de los alumnos y desde el punto de vista de los profesores en las etapas educativas de primaria y secundaria,y,por abarcar todas las enseñanzas hace una aproximación a las enseñanzas universitarias, mostrandolos datos de acceso a la universidad para resaltarque han sido los más elevadosdesde que existe el sistema EVAU. Por último, se hace eco de un estudio realizado por laCRUE(Conferencia de rectores de universidades de España) en relación a la enseñanza en la Universidad en tiempos de pandemia.
EL METRAJE DEL BUEN MAESTRO. LA DIDÁCTICA EN CINE: TEORÍAS DE ENSEÑANZA- APRENDIZAJE
Authors: GARCÍA YELO BLANCA A.
Published: August 2021

Este trabajo analiza la representación de los modelos teóricos de enseñanza-aprendizaje en el cine español, francés y estadounidense, estudiando cómo afecta la evolución histórica de éstos, en las últimas décadas, a su reproducción. Para ello, se examinan las escenas docentes de 12 películas realizadas o ambientadas en momentos clave de la historia reciente. Según nuestros resultados, el cine representa fielmente la evolución histórica de las teorías didácticas de los modelos de enseñanza-aprendizaje, siempre que la temática de la película se centre en los sistemas educativos. Cabe destacar que el modelo de Síntesis Actual no es exclusivo de los docentes de hoy, sino que se representa en diferentes momentos históricos como ejemplo del “buen docente”.
Assessment of Children with Primary Monosymptomatic Enuresis in Terms of Ambulatory Blood Pressure Changes
Authors: Mertek Hilal , Alaygut Demet , Soyaltın Eren , Alparslan Caner , Arslansoyu Çamlar Secil , Mutlubaş Fatma , Yavascan Onder , Kasap Demir Belde
Published: August 2021

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between blood pressure changes monitored by 24-hour blood pressure measurements and urinary incontinence in children with enuresis. Method: The patients aged 5-18 years who received (patient group), and did not receive (control group) the diagnosis of primary monosymptomatic enuresis, and applied between January 01, 2017 and June 1, 2017, to the outpatient clinics of Izmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Pediatrics constituted the study group. Demographic data, height, body weight, body mass index, family history of chronic illness, and enuresis, drug use, laboratory test results (blood biochemistry and whole blood count) and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) measurements were compared between groups. Results: Thirty-five (62.5%, Group 1) patients and 21 (37.5%, Group 2) control subjects were included in the study. Demographic properties of the patients were not remarkable. Family history of enuresis was detected in statistically significantly greater number of patients (p=0.001). Any statistically significant difference was not noted when ABPM data of both groups were compared. Conclusion: Discrepancies in the results of various studies concerning the autonomic system changes in enuretic patients, their reflections on blood pressures, and 24-hour blood pressure profiles, in addition to controversial views of the authors about relationship between decreasing urine output and BP depression have necessitated conduction of further studies with larger group of patients.
Carotid Body Tumor Presented with Lenfadenomegaly; A Rare Case
Authors: Yuksel Arif , Uslu Serhan , Vatansever Bulent , Can Erdi Züleyha , Demir İsmail
Published: August 2021

Carotid body tumors (CBTs) or chemodectomas are non-chromaffin paragangliomas. Carotid body tumors appear as painless, slowly expanding masses located in the upper part of the neck under the chin. On physical examination, it presents as a soft, non-tender mass in the lateral aspect of the neck that can move more freely in a horizontal plane than vertically, referred to as a positive Fontaine sign. The differential diagnosis of a lateral neck mass, rarely seen in adults, includes lymphadenopathy, branchial cleft cysts, salivary gland tumors, neurogenic tumors, and carotid artery aneurysms. A 62-year-old female patient presented with only neck swelling. CBTs are rarely detected in the etiology in cases of lymphadenomegaly. We wanted to present the case to the literature.
The Effect of Maternal Socio-Demographic Status and First Trimester Screening Test in Predicting Term Stillbirth
Authors: Kanmaz Ahkam Göksel , Beyan Emrah , Töz Emrah , Alan Murat , İnan Abdurrahman Hamdi , Budak Adnan , Özeren Mehmet
Published: August 2021

Objective: Stillbirth is defined by the World Health Organization as the complete birth of a fetal death baby. Stillbirth rate in Turkey is determined approximately 9.3/1000. Although many reasons have been identified in the etiology of stillbirth, idiopathic stillbirths are still detected. Currently, a cost-effective stillbirth screening strategy has not been recommended. Methods: Term stillbirth cases that occurred in our clinic during 4 years period were investigated retrospectively. Pregnancies resulting in stillbirth and control group pregnancies were compared in terms of sociodemographic status and first trimester screening test results. Results: Maternal age was found to be higher in the pregnancies resulting in stillbirth, while birth weight and gestational age were lower (p=0.003 and p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). There was no significant effect of maternal refugee status or income status on stillbirth. Pregnancy-related plasma protein A, one of the first trimester test markers, was not found to have an effect on predicting stillbirth, whereas low values of free beta-human chorionic gonadotrapine (BhCG) might have a role in predicting stillbirth (AUC 0.731 and p=0.006). Nuchal translucency (NT) was also found to be significant in predicting stillbirth but not as effective as free BhCG. Conclusion: In our country, the stillbirth rate is almost twice that of developed countries. Free BhCG, NT, and maternal demographic data can be used to predict term stillbirths with often unknown causes.
Signal Intensity Changes in the Dentate Nucleus and Globus Pallidus of Multiple Sclerosis Patients Undergoing Multiple Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents
Authors: Çekdemir Yasin Ertuğ , Karabay Nuri
Published: August 2021

Objective: To investigate the correlation between cumulative doses of gadolinium-based contrast agents and increased signal intensity (SI) in the dentate nucleus (DN) and globus pallidus (GP). Methods: Our retrospective trial involved 21 multiple sclerosis patients (11 women, 10 men; mean age: 39.21±10.24, range: 20 to 57 years) who underwent a serial number of multiple cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations in the radiology department of our tertiary care center. Average signal intensities on the DN, pons, GP and thalamus on unenhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance images were taken into account. The signal intensity in the DN was proportioned to the signal intensity in the pons, whereas the signal intensity in GP to the signal intensity in the thalamus. Any relationship between the DN-to-pons or GP-to-thalamus signal intensity ratios and previous gadolinium-based contrast administrations was sought by means of repeated measures ANOVA. Results: Increases in both DN-to-pons and GP-to-thalamus signal intensity ratios displayed a significant correlation with previous administrations of gadolinium-based contrast agents (p<0.001 for both). A remarkable increase was detected in DN-to-pons and GP-to-thalamus signal intensity ratios between the first and last MRI examinations (p<0.001 for both). Conclusion: Our results support the association between increase in the SI of the DN and GP to the number of gadolinium-enhanced MRI scans in MS patients. The increase in T1 SI seems to be linked with the number of enhanced MRI scans.
Experimental Aircraft Fuel Tank Vapour/Air Explosions Using Jet A and Jet A / Gasoline Blend Fuels
Authors: Abdulmajid M. N. , Herodotos N. P. , Gordon E. A.
Published: August 2021

The potential of a fuel tank explosion is a well-known hazard in the aircraft industry. In this study, an investigation of a lab scale aircraft fuel tank in a flight situation at varying initial pressures of 400 - 1,000 mbar (equivalent to altitudes of 0 - 22,300 ft) and at variable temperatures was conducted in a 100-litre cylindrical test rig. A standard Jet A fuel and with a type Jet B fuel (which in this case was a Jet A with 10% of gasoline by mass) were used. Their flashpoints were measured to be 45oC (Jet A) and 20 oC (Jet B). In the simulated fuel tank explosions ignition occurred when the fuel liquid temperature was much higher than the flash point - 71 – 107 oC depending on initial pressure (altitude) for Jet A and 57 – 95 oC for the more volatile Jet B. The resulting maximum explosion overpressures were high, ranging from 0.7 to 5.8 bar, much higher than typical design strengths of aircraft fuel tanks, and much stronger than anticipated overpressures on the basis of ignition at or close to the lower flammability limit (LFL). It is postulated that these pressures are due to the distance between the liquid fuel surface and the ignition point and the formation of a vapour cloud with decreasing concentration with height above the fuel (being at LFL at the ignition point) and hence an overall concentration much higher than LFL. This demonstrated that severe explosions are fuel tanks are likely and the assumption that the explosion will be a near lean limit event is not safe. The work also provided explosion severity index data which can be used in design of suppression and venting systems for the mitigation of aircraft fuel tank explosions and provided other quantitative data to help manage this explosion risk appropriately.
Current Situation, Future Goals, and Strategies of the Feed Sector in Rwanda
Authors: Niyonshuti Eric
Published: August 2021

In Rwanda, livestock plays an integral part in the national economy. It contributes to improve the socio-economic status and wellbeing of Rwandans, fight malnutrition, and promote food and nutrition security. Over the past 2 decades, the government of Rwanda, in collaboration with different actors and stakeholders, has put in place strategic and implementation plans to strengthen livestock production in Rwanda. Although a remarkable step has been made in increasing animal productivity, there are still a lot of constraints and challenges in this sector. The scarcity of animal feeds is one of the main challenges that impair the development of the animal sector in Rwanda. In this review, the current status of the feed sector, future goals, and strategies to tackle and sustain animal feed resources in Rwanda are highly discussed. To the end of this article, some recommendations are made to the farmers, feed manufacturers and the government. Considering the available data, investment opportunities for feed production in Rwanda should be evaluated. In addition, there are significant shortcomings in the field of food safety and the provision. The development of the needs in this sector includes entrepreneurship opportunities.
Fertilizer Rate for Optimum Growth and Yield of Egusi Melon (Colocynthis citrullus L.)/ Hot Pepper (Capsicum chinense, Jackquin cv. rodo) Intercrop
Authors: Aninkan Anjola S. , Makinde Eyitayo A.
Published: August 2021

The use of chemical fertilizers as a supplemental source of nutrients has been on the increase but they are not applied in balanced proportion by most farmers [1]. Also, fertilizer requirements of the mixed intercropping systems have been a matter of conjecture; some studies had suggested that fertilizer requirements of the dominant component be applied [2], others recommend that the sum of the sole crop requirements, be applied [3]. Teriah [4], however, stated that both practices have proved either inadequate or wasteful. In this experiment the effects of different rates of NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer application on growth and yield of hot pepper and Egusi melon in an intercropping system was examined to determine optimum rate for production. The experiment was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, in the south western part of Nigeria. It took place from March to October 2017 during the growing season. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 5 treatments (fertilizer rates) and 3 replicates. Treatments were; 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 kg/ha of NPK 15-15-15 applications. Plot size was 3m by 3m with a 1.5m gang way round each plot to reduce inter-plot effect. Data were collected on growth parameters at 6 weeks after treatment (WAT) and continued at two-week intervals until 10 WAT. Four plants each of pepper and Egusi melon from the inner rows were randomly selected and tagged for the purpose of data collection. Data on yield were also collected at ripening. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out on each observation and the Least Significant Difference (LSD) was used for means separation (P≤0.05). The effects of fertilizer rates showed significant difference on pepper plant height, number of leaves, number of branches and leaf area. However, there was no significant difference in the effect of fertilizer rate on days to 50% flowering of pepper. Number of vines and vine length of Egusi melon were significantly different in their responses to fertilizer rates but the leaf area and days to 50% flowering of melon were similar at the various treatment levels. Meanwhile, total fruit yield of pepper, number of Egusi melon pods per hectare and the dry matter yield of Egusi melon showed significant difference. It was concluded from the study that the growth and yield of pepper and Egusi melon in intercrop increased with increase in fertilizer rate up to 400Kg/ha of NPK (15:15:15). However, higher fertilizer application rates should be explored in future studies for a better yield increase. These studies should be carried out with various compositions of inorganic and organic fertilizer application rates to ensure sustainable fertilizer application and to also preserve the natural fertility of the soil.
Marketing Channels of Mango Farmers in Mali
Authors: Koita Mohamed El Bechir , Adanacıoğlu Hakan
Published: August 2021

Mango (Mangifera indica Linn) plays a central role as fruit crop among the horticultural fruits in Mali. Mali is among the largest mango producers in West Africa and among the fastest growing mango exporters in the world. The volume of mangoes produced is estimated at 575000 tons per year. Mango production is an important socio-economic activity in Mali, providing employment in rural areas and income through exportation. The study focused on marketing channels of mango famers in Mali. The secondary data were used to investigate marketing channels of mango in Mali. This paper consists of three parts. In the first part, the socio-economic characteristics of mango farmers in Mali were explained. In the second part, information about the development of Mango production and trade in Mali was given. In the third part, marketing channels of Mango farmers were examined. In general, it is difficult to say that Mango marketing channels operate effectively in Mali. The ineffectiveness of marketing channels occurs mostly at the local market level. It is important to strengthen the marketing infrastructure for Mango's marketing channels in Mali to be more effective. The government of Mali needs to implement a special incentive program, especially for wholesalers, who play an important role in increasing post-harvest losses. There is a need for financial support and training of wholesalers during the transportation, storage and processing of fresh mango. It is also important to extend these supports for mango producers.
Investigations and Concerns about the Fate of Transgenic DNA and Protein in Livestock
Authors: Matovu Jacob , Alçiçek Ahmet
Published: August 2021

The fate of transgenic DNA (tDNA) and protein from feed derived from Genetically Modified organisms (GMOs) in animals has been a major issue since their commercialization in 1996. Several studies have investigated the risks of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of tDNA and protein to bacteria or animal cells/tissues, but some of the reported data are controversial. Previous reports showed that tDNA fragments or proteins derived from GM plants could not be detected in tissues, fluids, or edible products from livestock. Other researchers have shown that there is a possibility of small fragments entering animal tissues, fluids and organs. This motivated us to update our knowledge about these concerns. Therefore, this review aimed to evaluate the probable transfer and accumulation of tDNA/proteins from transgenic feeds in animal samples (ruminant and non-ruminant) by evaluating the available experimental studies published scientifically. This study found that the tDNA/protein is not completely degraded during feed processing and digestion in Gastro-Intestinal Tract (GIT). In large ruminants (cattle), tDNA fragments/proteins were detected in GIT digesta, rumen fluid, and faeces. In small ruminants (goats), traces of tDNA/proteins were detected in GIT digesta, blood, milk, liver, kidney, heart and muscle. In pigs, they were detected in blood, spleen, liver, kidney, and GIT digesta. In poultry, traces were detected in blood, liver and GIT digesta but not in meat and eggs. Notwithstanding some studies that have shown transfer of tDNA/protein fragments in animal samples, we cannot rely on these few studies to give general evidence for transfer into tissues/fluids and organs of farm animals. However, this study clearly shows that transfer is possible. Therefore, intensive and authentic research should be conducted on GM plants before they are approved for commercial use, investigating issues such as the fate of tDNA or proteins and the effects of feeding GM feed to livestock.
Numerical Analysis of Flush End-Plate Beam-to-Column Connection using Mathematical Model and Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Ehsan Mohammad Haroon , Seçer Mutlu
Published: August 2021

In the conventional analysis and design of steel structures, beam-to-column connections are generally assumed as entirely rigid or perfectly pinned. This assumption simplifies analysis and design steps and preferred extensively in structural engineering practice. However, experimental studies conducted in recent years have revealed that handling some of the beam-to-column connections as entirely rigid or perfectly pinned does not give realistic results. In fact, most of the connections used in current practice have some certain amount of stiffness which fall between the extreme cases of entirely rigid and perfectly pinned. In order to model the beam-to-column connections properly, several researchers have proposed various mathematical models based on experimental results. In these models, moment rotation relations of beam-to-column connections are defined according to the type of connection. In this study, moment-rotation behaviors of beam-to-column connections formed by flush end-plate are investigated using finite element analysis and a well-known practical mathematical model. Moreover, numerical analysis outcomes were compared with the test results of a reference study from the literature. This paper showed the importance of structural design parameters in determining moment-rotation relationship of flush end-plate type of beam-to-column connections and evaluated the efficiency of the practical numerical models.
Effect of Fly Ash on Compaction Behavior of Alluvial Soil
Authors: Malikzada Abdulmuner , Pulat Hasan Fırat , Develioğlu İnci
Published: August 2021

Low plasticity, high bearing capacity, low settlement, etc. are the preferred properties for most engineering projects. Alluvial soils are problematic soils because of low bearing capacity, high organic matter content, and high void ratio so they do not meet the preferred condition for engineering projects. It has been necessary to improve unsuitable materials to make them acceptable for construction. Fly ash (FA) has earlier been used for stabilizing roads due to its high content of calcium and silicate oxides which give puzzolanic properties and thus high compression strength. In this research, fundamental engineering properties, compaction behaviors of three types of (fine, medium, and coarse) alluvial deposits, and the effect of fly ash on compaction behavior of these alluvial soils are presented. Alluvial soil is taken from Çiğli, Balatçık (Izmir, Turkey). To determine geotechnical index properties; wet sieve analysis, plastic limit, liquid limit, specific gravity, standard compaction tests were conducted. In order to determine the effect of fly ash on compaction behavior of alluvial deposits, three different samples (fine < 0.425mm, medium < 2mm, and coarse < 4.75 mm) are prepared and 10%, 15%, 20% fly ash by dry weight of soil is mixed and standard proctor test is performed. As a result of laboratory tests, the liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index values obtained as 38.3%, 25.7%, and 12.6%, respectively. The specific gravities for fine, medium, and coarse samples are 2.68, 2.67, and 2.66, respectively. According to the results of wet sieve analysis and consistency limit tests, it was stated that the soil contains large amounts of sand and clay. The washed sieve analysis and consistency limit tests results were evaluated according to USCS. The conducted test results have shown that maximum dry unit weight for fine, medium, and coarse soils are 16.9, 19.35, and 19.55 (kN/m3), and optimum moisture content for fine, medium, and coarse samples are 17, 11, 10.5% respectively. Generally, by increasing the content of FA, maximum dry unit weight decreased and optimum moisture content increased for all three types of alluvial soil. By increasing FA to 20%, maximum dry unit weight of medium and coarse soils decreases 1.5% and 2%, respectively.
Homojen Dolgu Baraj Yıkılması Üzerine Deneysel Bir Çalışma
Authors: Taşkaya Ebru , Bombar Gökçen , Tayfur Gökmen
Published: August 2021

Baraj yıkılması sonucu oluşacak taşkın hareketinin belirlenmesi, baraj mansabında herhangi bir yerleşim yeri olması durumunda, tehlikenin saptanması açısından önemli ve gerekli bir çalışmadır. Taşkın hareketi sonucu oluşan suyun hareketinin yanında aynı zamanda sediment taşınımı da toprak dolgu barajlar için incelenmesi gereken önemli bir konudur. Yapılan bu çalışmada homojen yapılı toprak dolgu baraj yıkılma problemi deneysel olarak ele alınmıştır. Dikdörtgen kesitli açık kanalda toprak dolgu barajın su aşması ile yıkılması sonucu taşkın dalgasının mansap boyunca yayılması ve taşkın sonucu mansap boyunca yayılan sediment taşınımı incelenmiştir. Baraj gövdesinde medyan dane çapı D50 = 0,441 mm olan malzeme kullanılmıştır. Toprak dolgu baraj gövdesini 20×20 cm’lik tahta plaka üzerine 1,5 kg ağırlığın yaklaşık 20 cm yükseklikten 10 kez düşürülmesi ile sıkıştırılmıştır. İki katman halinde bir katman 10 cm, diğer katman 14 cm kalınlığındaki sediment serilmiş ve sıkıştırılarak baraj kret genişliği 58 cm, baraj genişliği 106 cm, baraj yüksekliği 24 cm olarak şekilde baraj gövdesi hazırlanmıştır. Kanal boyunca 2 adet kamera ile sedimentin alansal yayılımı belirlenmiştir. Deney sonunda alınan ölçümler ile yıkılma sonrası sediment derinlik profili elde edilmiştir. Sediment maximum yayılma uzunluğu 631 cm, maximum yayılma genişliği ise 139 cm ölçülmüştür. Maksimum sediment kalınlığı ise en yüksek 20,8 mm ölçülmüştür.
Simetrik Akarsu Kavşaklarında Farklı Mansap Derinliklerinin Su Yüzeyi Profiline Etkisi
Authors: Canıbek Cihan , Bombar Gökçen , Cardoso António Heleno
Published: August 2021

İki veya daha fazla akarsuyun birleşerek kavşak noktası oluşturmaları, açık kanal hidroliği alanında sık karşılaşılan bir durumdur. Kavşaklar, hidrolik açıdan önemli kontrol noktalarıdır. Kavşak içinde memba ve mansap derinliklerinin bilinmesi oluşacak yük kaybının hesaplanabilmesi açısından önem arz etmektedir. İzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi Hidrolik Laboratuvarı’nda bulunan deney düzeneği üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiş bu çalışmada, yan kollardan gelen debi sabit tutularak mansap derinliği değiştirilerek yan kollar ve ana kanal boyunca akım derinlikleri ölçülmüştür. Simetrik 90° açıyla birleşen yan kolların genişliği 1 m, ana kanalın genişliği ise 2 m olup yan kollar ile ana kanalın taban kotları eşit olacak şekilde düzenlenmiştir. Akım derinlikleri, limnimetre vasıtasıyla ölçülmüş olup önce taban kotları ölçülmüş, daha sonra su yüzey kotları ölçülmüştür. Ölçümler, ana kanalda, her 50 cm’de bir, yan kollarda ise her 25 cm’de bir yapılmıştır. Çalışmada, ana kanalda Froude sayıları 1’den küçük olup akım, nehir rejiminde olmuştur. Bu çalışmada sağ kolun debisi 29,61 l/s, sol kolun debisi 20 l/s olup ana kanaldaki toplam debi 49,61 l/s’dir. Mansap kısmında bulunan kapak vasıtasıyla mansap akım derinliği ayarlanmıştır. Gerçekleştirilen deneylerde mansap akım derinliği sırasıyla 9,3 cm 12,60 cm ve 15,35 cm olacak şekilde ayarlanmıştır. Bu koşullarda kavşak birleşim noktasında derinlik sırasıyla, 9,8 cm, 12,8 cm ve 15,75 cm olmuştur. Her 3 deneyde de ana kanalda H2 profili gözlenmiş ve kavşak birleşim noktasındaki derinlik mansap derinliğinden daha fazla olmuştur. Yan kol ve ana kanal debileri arasındaki oran ile akım derinlikleri arasındaki ilişki literatür ışığında incelenmiştir. Deneylerde taban eğimi 0 ve y>ycr olup çalışmalar nehir rejiminde yapıldığından H2 profili gözlemlenmiştir. Su yüzey profillerinde eğimler birbirine paralellik göstermiştir. Mansaptaki derinliğinin artması, su seviyesi ortalamasını artırmıştır.
Heart Sounds Classification Using Hybrid CNN Architecture
Authors: Abubakar Mohammed Mansur , Tuncer Taner
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we propose a hybrid model for diagnosing heart conditions by analyzing heart sounds and signals. The Hybrid CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) model is trained to classify distinguishable pathological heart sounds into three classes; normal, murmur, and extrasystole. Scalogram images of heart sounds were obtained by applying wavelet transform to heart sound signals. Images are inputs for Resnet50 and Resnet101 CNN models. The feature vectors of these architectures in the fc1000 layer are combined. Relief feature selection algorithm was applied to the obtained feature vector, and then the classification was performed with the support vector machine algorithm. Training the proposed model resulted in accuracy of 92.75%, thus, making it the best performing model in comparison to other models in this paper.
Numerical Solution of Dirichlet Boundary Value Problems using Mesh Adaptive Direct Search Optimization
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Jalil , Günel Korhan
Published: August 2021

This study gives a different numerical approach for solving second order differential equation with a Dirichlet boundary condition. Mesh Adaptive Direct Search (MADS) algorithm is adopted to train the feed forward neural network used in this approach. As MADS is a derivative-free optimization algorithm, it helps us to reduce the time-consuming workload in the training stage. The results obtained from this approach are also compared with Generalized Pattern Search (GPS) algorithm.
Equi Integrity Partitions in Graphs
Authors: Durgun Derya Doğan , Sam Eray
Published: August 2021

In this paper some definitions and theorems of equi integrity defined by Sundareswaran and Swaminathan are given. Equi integrity partition of transformation graphs of paths and cycles are calculated where n>3.
Investigation of Quasi-Static Punch-Shear Behavior of Acorn Powder Reinforced Composites
Authors: Kandaş Halis , Özdemir Okan
Published: August 2021

In this study, the effect of different amounts of acorn powder reinforcement on the quasi-static penetration behavior of glass fiber reinforced composites was investigated. Glass fiber used in this study is 0˚/90˚ stitched E-glass fiber with a density of 600 g/m2. The sizes of acorn powders used as particle reinforcements are between 10 to 40 micrometers. Powders were cleansed from impurities with a sodium hydroxide solution. Cleaned powders mixed with epoxy resin by using mechanical mixing method. Thereafter, resin mixture was applied to glass fiber with hand lay-up method and composite plate was produced by vacuum bag method. Quasi-static penetration tests were performed at room temperature. As quasi-static penetration speed, 1, 10 and 20 mm/minute was selected. Force and energy results of composites compared with each other.