bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Postnatal developmental expression and localization of apelin and apelin receptor protein in the ovary and uterus of mice
Authors: Anima Borgohain , Guruswami Gurusubramanian , Roy Vikas K.
Published: December 2022

Postnatal ovarian and uterine development is crucial to accomplished female fertility. Thus, the investigations of factors that present in pre‐pubertal stages are important as it might be responsible for the regulation of ovarian and uterine function. Apelin, an adipokine and its receptor (APJ) are present in female reproductive organs. However, no study has reported its postnatal expression in uterus and ovary. Thus, we investigated the postnatal developmental changes in expression and localization of apelin and APJ in the ovary and uterus of mice. Postnatal ovary and uterus were collected from postnatal day (PND) 1, 7, 14, 21, 42, 65 and performed western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Uterine APJ is elevated in PND14 and PND65, whereas, ovarian APJ elevated in PND7, PND14, and PND65. Apelin expression in both ovary and uterus showed intense staining at PND65 and PND14. Our results showed that apelin and APJ abundance was lower at PND21 in uterus and ovary. In conclusion, apelin and APJ are developmentally regulated in the ovary and uterus, and its localization in the different compartments of ovary and uterus suggest its distribution specific physiological role in the uterus and ovary.
A coupled DEM‐IMB‐LBM model for simulating methane hydrate exploitation involving particle dissolution
Authors: Xia Ming , Gong Fengqiang , Feng Song , Yu Jin , Feng Yuntian , Wang Min
Published: December 2022

The coupled discrete element and lattice Boltzmann method using an immersed moving boundary scheme was extended to simulate methane hydrate exploitation involving mass transport and particle dissolution. In this coupled DEM‐IMB‐LBM model, a new Dirichlet‐type thermal boundary condition is extended to simulate moving curved boundaries with constant concentration. A novel periodic boundary including an efficient searching algorithm for particle contact is proposed to reduce the computational cost and boundary effect. Then this model is validated by two numerical examples: a circular particle with concentration convection‐diffusion moving in a horizontal channel and mass transport from a cylinder particle in a simple shear flow. The numerical results obtained from the proposed model agree well with previous studies. To further demonstrate the capacity of the proposed model, simulations of methane hydrate exploitation including two formations in marine sediments are carried out. The numerical results indicate that the coupled DEM‐IMB‐LBM is not only capable of simulating the dissolution of hydrate particles at the grain level, but also recover the sand erosion and migration process in a fundamental perspective during the methane hydrate exploitation process.
On the optimal harvesting strategy for a generalized population model
Authors: Khlopin Dmitry , Gromov Dmitry
Published: December 2022

We consider a harvesting problem in which the dynamics of the renewable resource is described by a generalized population model, which requires only a very basic knowledge about the evolution of the resource and the governing equations. We assume that the catch is bilinear in both the control and the stock of the resource, and solve an undiscounted infinite horizon optimal control problem, where the profit functional is assumed to be linear in the catch. We further suggest a discrete scheme that—in addition to being easily implementable—closely approximates the computed optimal control, and illustrate the effect of the proposed discrete scheme with a numerical example.
Solid‐state NMR characterization of multi‐component intumescent flame retardant polybutylene succinate formulations
Authors: Xiao Fei , Fontaine Gaëlle , Li Kaiyuan , Bourbigot Serge
Published: December 2022

In this work, a series of multi‐component intumescent PBS formulations were elaborated by the combination of intumescent flame retardant (IFR) system (consisting of ethylenediamine phosphate and melamine poly(aluminum phosphate), 7:3, wt:wt) and synergists. Three boron/zinc‐containing compounds (i.e., melamine borate, zinc oxide, zinc carbonate) were examined as potential synergists to improve the fire behavior and fire retardancy of PBS. The MLC results showed that the incorporation of all of these compounds enhanced the fire retardancy of PBS to some extent. Among them, zinc oxide exhibited the best fire retardant performances in terms of reduction of the peak heat release rate (pHRR, −61%), fire growth rate index (FIGRA, −19%), maximum average rate of heat emission (MARHE, −55%), and increase of the time to pHRR (+370 s) and to flameout (+650 s) as compared to PBS/IFR10%. Furthermore, the effect of zinc oxide loading on the fire retardancy of PBS was also investigated, the results showed that 2 wt.% loading exhibited the best performances. Solid‐state NMR characterization indicated that the presence of ZnO resulted in the formation of a crack‐free and dense intumescent char layer reinforced by complex aluminum‐zinc‐phosphates glassy species. The intumescent char layer provided a protective physical barrier with improved flexibility and cohesion, which effectively limits the heat and mass transfer between condensed and gas phases and hence, improving the fire retardancy of PBS.
Systematic review of clinical drug development activities for neuroblastoma from 2011 to 2020
Authors: Nader Jaclynne H. , Bourgeois Florence , Bagatell Rochelle , Moreno Lucas , Pearson Andrew D. J. , DuBois Steven G.
Published: December 2022

Background

Understanding the landscape of clinical trials for patients with neuroblastoma may inform efforts to improve drug development.

Procedure

We evaluated therapeutic trials for patients with neuroblastoma from 2011 to 2020 in our search using clinical trial information from ClinicalTrials.gov, Clinicaltrialregister.eu, PubMed, and American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) annual meeting collection. Trends in trials and treatments over time were evaluated qualitatively.

Results

A total of 192 trials met inclusion criteria. A median of 20.5 trials were started per year, which was stable over time. There were 87 (45%) phase 1, 100 (51%) phase 2, and only five (2.6%) phase 3 trials. The median time to completion was 4.9 years for phase 1 and 2 trials (no phase 3 trials reported as completed during the study period). In all, 34% of trials were international, while 20% of trials were intercontinental. Eighty‐nine percent of nonmyeloablative trials included at least one novel agent. 48% of these trials studied combination therapies, and 86% of these combinations included conventional chemotherapy. Among 157 trials that included a targeted agent, 78 targets were identified, with GD2 being the primary target under investigation in 16.7% of these trials. Only eight trials were included in regulatory decisions, which led to European Medicines Agency (EMA) or Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for neuroblastoma.

Conclusions

The large number of trials initiated per year, the range of targets, and the rate of intercontinental collaboration are encouraging. The paucity of late‐stage trials, the prolonged trial duration, and relative lack of combination studies are major causes of concern. This work will inform future drug development for neuroblastoma.
Does the construction retrieval account apply to cross‐modal inhibition of return in semantic context?
Authors: Zu Guangyao , Zhang Tianyang , Yang Jiajia , Wang Aijun , Zhang Ming
Published: December 2022

The traditional attentional reorienting hypothesis is insufficient to explain spatial and nonspatial inhibition of return (IOR). Therefore, a construction retrieval account that includes the influence of top‐down attentional sets has been proposed and can explain both spatial and nonspatial IOR. However, it remains unknown whether the construction retrieval account can be applied to non‐surface features of stimuli, as well as whether its construction and retrieval mechanisms are supra‐modal. The present study manipulated semantic feature congruency and spatial location congruency between the prime and the target in cross‐modal audio‐visual and visual‐audio experimental conditions, respectively, by orthogonally combining spatial and nonspatial IOR paradigms. Our results showed that there was an interaction between semantic feature congruency and spatial location congruency controlled by the attentional sets, and that this interaction was consistent in cross‐modal audio‐visual and visual‐audio conditions. These results suggest that the construction retrieval account can be applied to abstract semantic features and that its construction and retrieval mechanisms are supra‐modal. The present study extends the application scope of the construction retrieval account and promotes the interpretation of IOR under a unified theoretical framework.
Effects of the HORS‐PISTE universal anxiety prevention program measured according to initial level of student problems
Authors: Therriault Danyka , Lane Julie , Houle Andrée‐Anne , Dupuis Audrey , Gosselin Patrick , Thibault Isabelle , Dionne Patricia , Morin Pascale , Dufour Magali
Published: December 2022

Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent psychopathologies in Western adolescents and have been on the rise in recent years. Not only does anxiety disrupt the daily lives of the young people who suffer from it, it can also have harmful behavioral, psychological, social, and academic effects. Given this, there is a pressing need to implement universal anxiety prevention programs for adolescents in one of their main living environments, the school. This type of program has the twofold advantage of reaching all adolescents before the onset of more significant symptoms and of promoting access to services for young people in difficulty. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the HORS‐PISTE—Exploration Cycle 1 program developed by the RBC Center for Academic Expertise in Mental Health, based on the initial level of problems presented by the students, using a preexperimental pretest–posttest design. A total of 2276 students in grades 7 and 8, with an average age of 12.65 years, from 16 high schools participated in the pretest and posttest evaluations. The results showed that the students who participated in the HORS‐PISTE program reported a significant change in the intended direction for several of the variables examined between T1 and T2. In particular, decreases in anxiety symptoms, fear of being judged by others, perfectionism, internet addiction, intolerance of uncertainty, and anxiety interference, as well as an increase in the sense of self‐efficacy, were observed between T1 and T2 for both boys and girls. The results also showed that students who presented at T1 with more significant anxiety symptoms and proximal risk factors experienced greater improvement than did those with a moderate or low level of initial problems. Overall, the results of this evaluative study of the HORS‐PISTE program are promising, demonstrating positive changes in symptoms and in the main proximal risk factors for anxiety, in particular among students who initially presented with high levels of problems. This study therefore demonstrates the relevance of implementing this type of prevention program in high schools.
Investigation of the relationships between ADHD risk and digital screen exposure in children aged 4–11: A large population study in Turkey
Authors: Gunuc Selim
Published: December 2022

This study investigated whether some factors regarding especially pregnancy and post‐pregnancy and 0–36‐month‐old infants’ exposure to digital screens played a role in the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) scores of 4–11‐year‐old children. The cross‐sectional research method was used. The sample consisted of the mothers of 2835 (48.2%) daughters and 3042 (51.8%) sons. The children of the mothers in the sample were between 4 and 11 years old. The mothers were asked to fill in the personal information form about their children and the Conners Parent Rating Scale to determine the ADHD score of the child. The main results revealed associations between ADHD and digital screen exposure at 0–36 months. In conclusion, exposure to digital screen—whether much or little—for the purposes of feeding, silencing, distraction, language acquisition, and digital gaming might pose a serious risk for ADHD.
Sport participation among children with complicated mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Hansen Colby , Teramoto Masaru , Gardner James E. , Capizzi Allison N.
Published: December 2022

Background

Complicated mild traumatic brain injury (C‐mTBI) represents mTBI with positive trauma‐related radiographic findings, such as hematoma. It is estimated that 7.5% of all pediatric mTBIs meet these criteria. There is a paucity of research on return to sports in children with C‐mTBI.

Objective

To examine children with C‐mTBI, mTBI with skull fracture (mTBI‐SF) only and mTBI in relation to sport participation and factors associated with repeated injury.

Design

Cross‐sectional survey.

Setting

Level I pediatric trauma center.

Participants

Parents of children who were 5–18 years of age at the time of injury who sustained C‐mTBI or mTBI from 2010 to 2013.

Interventions

Not applicable.

Main Outcome Measures

Sports participation characteristics before and after injury in children with C‐mTBI and mTBI as a function of degree and length of recovery. Repeat mTBI after the index injury was also examined.

Results

Of 247 children who participated in sports preinjury (27.5% with C‐mTBI and 9.7% with mTBI‐SF), 95.1% returned to sports. There was no significant difference by mTBI type regarding participation in any sports (p = .811) nor with high‐risk sports (p = .128). C‐mTBI but not mTBI‐SF (versus mTBI) was associated with lower odds of sustaining a repeat mTBI (odds ratio = 0.30, p = .045). Waiting longer (>3 months compared to <1 month) to return to contact sports was associated with lower odds of sustaining a repeat mTBI (odds ratio = 0.23, p < .05).

Conclusions

Children with C‐mTBI and mTBI‐SF resume similar sports as children with mTBI. Those with C‐mTBI and those who take longer to return to play may have lower risk of repeat mTBIs. Prospective research is needed to inform the development of evidence‐based guidelines for children with C‐mTBI and mTBI‐SF.
Stable isotope characterisation of 3,4‐methylenedioxyphenyl‐2‐propanone and 3,4‐methylenedioxyamphetamine prepared from piperonal
Authors: Cormick Justin , Carter James F. , Currie Timothy , Matheson Carney , Cresswell Sarah L.
Published: December 2022

Rationale

Stable isotopic ratios can provide information for illicit drug profiling. The research presented here investigated the variations in stable isotopic ratios of hydrogen (δ2H), carbon (δ13C), nitrogen (δ15N) and oxygen (δ18O) during the synthesis of MDP2P (3,4‐methylenedioxyphenyl‐2‐propanone) and MDA (3,4‐methylenedioxyamphetamine) prepared via the ‘nitrostyrene’ route.

Methods

Samples of MDA and MDP2P were synthesised from two isotopically characterised starting materials, piperonal and nitroethane. The isotopic compositions of the nitrostyrene intermediate (3,4‐methylenedioxyphenyl‐2‐nitropropene, MDP2NP) and products MDP2P and MDA were also measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry.

Results

A significantly negative change occurred to δ2H values during the production of MDP2NP, MDP2P and MDA, indicating a mechanism that favours inclusion or retention of 1H over 2H. This suggests that the δ2H compositions of MDA/MDP2P prepared from piperonal will not provide information on the synthetic history. Minimal changes were observed in δ13C composition during the synthesis of MDP2NP, MDP2P and MDA, and minimal δ15N compositional changes occurred in MDP2NP and MDA. Progressing from piperonal to MDP2NP, a minimal change occurred to δ18O composition. A variable change to δ18O was observed from MDP2NP with one sample becoming more positive in δ18O composition and two samples becoming more negative. Progressing from MDP2NP to MDA, a significant negative change occurred to δ18O composition.

Conclusions

The changes to stable isotopic ratios observed during the preparation of MDA and MDP2P from piperonal may prove useful when attempting to compare batch‐to‐batch variations between seizures and provide information with tactical intelligence applications.
Neural network based adaptive control for a piezoelectric actuator with model uncertainty and unknown external disturbance
Authors: Wu Yinan , Chen He , Sun Ning , Fan Zhi , Fang Yongchun
Published: December 2022

To lessen the positioning error of the piezoelectric actuator (PEA) caused by hysteresis nonlinearity and unknown external disturbance, a neural network based adaptive controller is designed to realize the accurate trajectory tracking of the PEA. Specifically, a more universal model, consisting of a hysteresis submodel and a dynamics submodel, is first built for the PEA without the requirement of parameter identification. On this basis, a sliding mode adaptive controller capable of handling unknown parameters of the dynamics submodel is designed to weaken the damage of external disturbance to the system stability. Furthermore, to deal with the hysteresis submodel with unknown structure and parameters, a neural network based self‐tuning control scheme is developed to enable the PEA to accurately track the desired trajectory. Moreover, Lyapunov stability analysis is performed to strictly prove that the tracking error of the system can asymptotically converge to zero. Finally, the performance of the designed controller is verified via sufficient comparative simulations and experiments.
Effect of Preload Force on the Performance of Dual‐Electrolyte Li‐Air Batteries
Authors: Zhai Yanrui , Li Jie , Zhang Tianyu , Luan Lihua , Wang Yuyang , Liu Qianhe , Yu Minfu , Sun Hong
Published: December 2022

In this paper, a two‐dimensional macroscopic element model was established for dual‐electrolyte Li‐air batteries (LABs) by COMSOL Multiphysics. The model combined Structural Mechanics module, Lithium‐Ion Battery (liion), Transport of Diluted Species in Porous Media (tds) and Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) and Differential Algebraic Equations (DAEs) at the transient condition. It is illustrated that the porosity of the battery is the maximum, the transmission performance of O2 and Li+ is the best, the discharge specific capacity is 2044 mAh ⋅ g−1. The over‐potential is the minimum when 0.5 MPa preload force is applied to the dual‐electrolyte LABs in the range of 0–2 MPa according to the numerical simulation. Moreover, the effect of the best preload force of 0.5 MPa during the process of the experiment is substantiated.
Synthesis of Polymer Electrolyte Membranes from Sulfonated Poly(Arylene Ether Ketones) with Partial Substitution of Carboxylate Acid Group
Authors: Aziz Abdul , Lotebulo Ndruru Sun Theo Constan , Bundjali Bunbun , Wahyuningrum Deana , Arcana I Made
Published: December 2022

Chemical modification of Sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone) with carboxylate acid side chain (C‐SPAEK) membranes has been conducted through partially substitution of the 4,4‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐valeric acid (DPA) with 4,4‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐propane (BPA) at varies different compositions of sulfonate. FTIR and EDS analysis of the synthesized SPAEK revealed the presence of carboxylic acid, methyl, sulfonate groups and aromatic ether bonds in the SPAEK membrane. The effect of different compositions of carboxylic acid and sulfonate groups on mechanical strength, thermal stability, oxidative stability, water absorption, swelling ratio and proton conductivity of the membranes was studied. The SPAEK‐50/50 membrane exhibits superior properties with high mechanical strength, high thermal and oxidative stability, good water absorption, low swelling ratio, high dimensional stability and has a proton conductivity at 80 °C of 0.102 S/cm close to the Nafion‐117 membrane of 0.120 S/cm. This finding confirms that the partial substitution of the hydrophilic monomer of DPA with 50 % mole of BPA with a sulfonate group composition of 50 % resulted in an excellent SPAEK membrane.
Applications ofPeristrophe paniculataDerived Plasmonic Nanoparticles for DNA Binding and Photocatalytic Degradation of Cationic Dyes
Authors: Devi Thangavel Akkini , Velammal Subramanian Priya , Jeba Devadason Princess , Amaladhas Thomas Peter
Published: December 2022

Research on plasmonics and their applications in diverse fields has increased significantly over the last decade. The present work primarily aimed to bio‐fabricate silver and gold plasmonic nanoparticles and to study their potential as photocatalysts and as DNA binders. To achieve this, Ag and Au NPs were derived employingPeristrophe paniculataand their optical, morphological and structural properties were investigated by standard analytical techniques. The formation rate constant k was 2.58×10−2 min−1and 3.56×10−2 min−1for Ag and Au NPs correspondingly. FT‐IR analysis showed that the water‐soluble alkaloid, 5‐amino‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐pyrrole‐2‐carbonitrile was responsible for the stabilization of nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopic studies disclosed the formation of uniform spherical AgNPs and irregularly shaped AuNPs and the diameter was 9.32 nm and 27.85 nm respectively which was again corroborated by XRD studies (16.64 nm and 36.08 nm). The interaction of ct‐DNA with Ag and Au NPs was investigated using absorption spectroscopy in the UV‐Vis range and the binding constant values were 2.2×105 M−1and 8.1×106 M−1respectively. The degradation of methylene blue and malachite green by AgNPs was almost 100 % and 65 % respectively in 3 h under sunlight and neutral pH (pseudo first order rate constants were 7.9×10−3 min−1and 1.9×10−3 min−1). Moreover, the derived AgNPs exhibited mitigate activity against targeted pathogens. Thus, this green technique could be implicit for the eco‐friendly synthesis of Ag and Au NPs, and the prepared nanoparticles may be explored as photocatalysts for the degradation of cationic dyes without any added oxidants.
Novel synergistic Combination of W and Co Co‐doped ZnO Nanoparticles Incorporated as a Photoanode in a Dye Sensitized Solar Cell
Authors: Chundawat Priyanka , Vyas Yogeshwari , Dharmendra Dharmendra , Chaubisa Purnima , Ameta Chetna
Published: December 2022

In this study, a low‐cost and simple Sol‐gel technique has been used for the synthesis of W/Co co‐doped ZnO nanoparticles. XRD examinations demonstrate the hexagonal wurtzite structure. To investigate the morphology of ZnO nanoparticles was demonstrated by using SEM and TEM. EDS and FTIR spectra verify the triumphant doping of the W and Co into the ZnO lattice. The optical measurement shows that as the concentration of Co increases the band gap decreases from 3.2 eV to 2.73 eV. The DSSCs based on 0.5 % W and 1.6 % Co co‐doped ZnO photoanode achieved the highest open‐circuit voltage of 0.69 V having a short circuit current density of 8.46 mAcm−2, and PCE of 3.16 %.
Recent Progress on Biosensors for the Early Detection of Neurological Disorders.
Authors: Chougale Amit , Vedante Shruti , Kulkarni Guruprasad , Patnawar Sneha
Published: December 2022

Neurological disorders are a point of attraction these days due to their physical, mental, and genetic threat to human beings. The researchers are refining the therapeutics and striving to eradicate the life‐threatening burden of chronic diseases by upsurging and proposing advanced instrumentation. There are a number of neurological diseases that cause alterations in the genetic sequences due to pathogenic or self‐negligence. According to the WHO, stroke, septicemia, PD, epilepsy, and MS are found to be the deadliest and most invading among millions of people. Various diagnostic methods are employed for monitoring these disorders in the human body at an early stage, in process of cure. The current review highlights the strengths of several advanced detection devices, such as biosensors to identify and quantify biomarkers, some sensing gadgets, and other genetic tactics or innovations to ameliorate traditional protocols. Furthermore, the meticulous description of ongoing experiments with the help of relevant case studies of neurodegenerative disorders supports the impact and vitality of advanced equipment. Further, the necessity of biosensors in distinct disorders to aid in an early diagnosis, and the influence of nano‐based materials in preparation is emphasized. Finally, several issues that should be addressed in upcoming decades with the steep rise in analytical technology have been discussed.
Small‐Molecule Fluorescent Probe: Ratiometric and Selective Detection of Sodium Ions for Imaging and Solid‐State Sensing Applications
Authors: Ananthan Karthick Kettalu , Shankar Bhaskaran , Kubendran Aravind Manikka , Ashokkumar Balasubramaniem , Tamilselvi Arunachalam
Published: December 2022

A ratiometric highly fluorescent small molecular probe (L), 1,2,4‐triazol‐4‐yliminomethyl‐5‐(hydroxymethyl)‐2‐methylpyridin‐3‐ol, was designed for detecting Na(I) ions in DMF:water (1 : 9, v/v) medium. The chemical structure of Na(I) complex of probe was confirmed by single crystal XRD. The fluorescence detection of Na+ ion has been executed in both solid and solution medium. The observations suggest the same chemical structure in solution state as well. The detailed photochemical studies showed that highly selective sensing of Na+ ions even in the presence of common interfering K+ ions. The fluorescence decay studies showed that the lifetime of NaL is lesser than L. The excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) mechanism and the nature of electronic transitions were examined by quantum chemical studies. The electrochemical behaviour was studied by cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectra. It has also been shown that the probe can be applied to paper based sensing and imaging of Na+ ions in U87 cell lines.
Decoding Solvent Polarity Related Excited State Behaviors for the Novel Amino NH‐type 3TfAPI Fluorophore
Authors: Zhao Jinfeng , Jin Bing , Dong Hao
Published: December 2022

In this work, we mainly pay attention to solvent polarity dependent excited state behaviors for amino NH‐type N‐cyclohexylphthalimide‐substituted trifluoroacetylamino (3TfAPI). Based on quantum chemical simulations, infrared (IR) vibrational spectra, atomic charge distributions, and photo‐induced geometrical changes reveal hydrogen bond N−H⋅⋅⋅O should be enhanced in S1. Particularly, enhancement effectiveness of hydrogen bonding with polar polarity solvent is more apparent. Exploring photoexcitation, we find photo‐induced intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) plays critical roles in facilitating ESIPT tendency for 3TfAPI. By constructing potential energy curves (PECs), we clarify detailed ESIPT mechanism for 3TfAPI, but also present solvent polarity regulated ESIPT behavior.
High Electrical Conductivity and Low Temperature Resistant Double Network Hydrogel Ionic Conductor as a Flexible Sensor and Quasi‐Solid Electrolyte
Authors: Ma Xudong , Maimaitiyiming Xieraili
Published: December 2022

The existence of large amounts of water in hydrogel electrolytes makes them inevitably freeze at low temperatures, which causes them to lose properties such as flexibility or electrical conductivity. It limits the application of hydrogel electrolytes at low temperatures. Here, we designed hydrogels with interpenetrating double network structure based on polyacrylamide and agar. By doping a high concentration of LiCl as the conducting material, a continuous ion‐conducting path was formed. The conductivity reached 2.18 S/m at 25 °C and 1.58 S/m at −30 °C. The prepared hydrogel electrolytes exhibit good mechanical and electrochemical properties to meet the needs of different application situations. A wearable sensor with hydrogel electrolytes was demonstrated. The wearable sensor can be attached to a part of the human body and can successfully detect various human movements. The wearable sensors can be used as temperature sensors in addition to detecting motion, which shows an encouraging and powerful utility in wearable electronic devices.
A Novel AIE Fluorescent Probe for Cu2+ Recognition Based on Salicylaldehyde‐azine System
Authors: Liu Jie , Leng Chengrang , Chen Quanan , Liang Qirui , Li Chenhao , Li Shuo , Zhang Zhen , Xiao Lufei
Published: December 2022

A novel compound, obtained by one‐step condensation of salicylaldehyde and hydrazine hydrate, has been synthesized, and characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. The crystal structure and photophysical properties of the compound have been analyzed in detail. The compound exhibits distinct aggregation‐induced emission in acetonitrile‐water, and high selectivity towards Cu2+ ions, fast response time, and low detection limit (5.7×10−7 mol/L). In this sense, the compound can be applied as a potential probe for detecting copper (II) ions.
Coumarin‐Based Reversible Fluorescent Chemosensors for the Sequential Detection of Copper and Citrate Ions
Authors: Singh Devender , Ibrahim Annan , Gupta Rajeev
Published: December 2022

Two novel coumarin‐based Schiff‐base chemosensors are presented. Courtesy to an extended conjugation between the coumarin ring and the attached π‐containing groups, both chemosensors display noteworthy photo‐physical properties including emission maxima at >550 nm. Both chemosensors function as the selective sensors for the ‘turn‐off’ detection of copper ion with the significant nanomolar detection limits. The sensing event was investigated through proton NMR and mass spectroscopy; pH studies; life‐time and quantum yield measurements and DFT studies. The solution‐generated [chemosensor‐Cu] species illustrated remarkably selective secondary ‘turn‐on’ detection of the citrate ion. The sequential detection of the copper and citrate ions have been utilized for the construction of logic gates as well as several low‐cost detection methods.
Electrolysis‐Mediated Rapid Synthesis of Highly Fluorescent and pH Responsive Congo Red Carbon Nanodots for Cu2+ Sensing
Authors: Xiong Yuanyuan , An Qingxiao , Qiao Niqin , Chen Yi , Zhou Jia‐Quan , Luo Dong‐Ni , Zhang Huan‐Tsung , Wang Yang , Xu Dong , Yuan Zhiqin
Published: December 2022

Copper ion (Cu2+) is a highly toxic environmental pollutant with bioaccumulative properties, making its rapid and selective detection important for environmental and health monitoring. In this study, highly fluorescent carbon nanodots by the electrolysis of Congo Red are developed, which are denoted as CR‐CDs and exhibit high quantum yield and pH‐responsive character. The pH response behavior is applied for pH test in soft drinks with high accuracy. Cu2+ causes dramatic fluorescence quenching due to the formation of cupric amine complex and the occurrence of inner filter effect. The signal changes in fluorescence spectroscopy allow a detection limit of Cu2+ at 0.13 μM. The response is highly specific toward Cu2+ over other metal ions. In addition, the practicability of the sensor is validated by accurate Cu2+examination in running water samples.
Detecting Common Explosive Molecules Using a Wavy Monolayer Arsenene: A Density Functional Theory Study
Authors: Yang Lei , Wang Defu , Sun Zijian , Li Hui , Zhu Weihua
Published: December 2022

A wavy arsenene endowed with a thickness of single atom was adopted to detect various common explosive molecules by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. As expected, the monolayer arsenene has a remarkable distinguishing function to these explosives due to their unique electron mediation mechanisms via van der Waals heterogeneous adsorption behavior, in terms of the variation of work function. More importantly, a novel sensitive indicator S was put forward, being helpful to sense the explosives. This finding may not only broaden the development of electronic explosion‐proof sensitive device, but also enrich basic theoretical insights.
Study on Synthesis, Optical properties and Application of Benzophenone derivatives
Authors: Zhang Bianxiang , Song Lu , Feng Chao , Tian Wenjuan
Published: December 2022

In this study, the mono‐substituted and di‐substituted benzophenone derivatives containing the ester group were synthesized by the reaction of dihydroxy benzophenone with acyl chloride. Their structures were characterized by 1H NMR and 13C NMR and their optical properties and application in ultraviolet curable coatings were studied. The mono‐substituted compounds can be used as UV absorbers and do not participate in the curing of the free radical system during UV‐curing, enhancing the light stability of coatings and cured coatings and facilitating the storage of UV‐curable coatings. The di‐substituted compounds can be used as photoinitiators for ultraviolet curable coatings and show good film morphology.
Silver‐Free Synthesis of Concave Au Nanocubes with Enhanced Activity Towards Electro‐Oxidation of Ethanol: Experimental and Theoretical Studies
Authors: Zhang Tongyu , Zhang Gongguo , Wang Yingying , Kong Yuhan , Zheng Yiqun
Published: December 2022

We report a silver‐free synthesis of gold (Au) concave nanocubes (CNCs) that involves the direct deposition of Au atoms over spherical Au seeds under well‐controlled reaction kinetics and surface capping. The elementally‐pure composition makes them ideal research candidate towards validating structural advantage of concave surface in electrocatalytic oxidation of ethanol. In particular, the as‐obtained Au CNCs exhibited an enhanced specific activity and reaction kinetics, but weakened long‐term stability, as compared to quasi‐spherical counterparts. Theoretical simulations suggest that the high‐index planes represent a high catalytic performance for ethanol oxidation. The current work offers an effective synthetic strategy that successfully excludes the necessary and wide use of Ag+ ions in controlled synthesis of pure Au nanocrystals with a concave cubic shape, shedding light on the rational design of fuel cell electrocatalyst from the perspective of crystal facet effect.
Purine 5’‐Ribonucleotide‐l‐Glutamate Hybrids As Potential Tools To Investigate The Mechanism Of Umami Taste Reception
Authors: Morelli Carlo F. , Pappalardo Valeria , Brockhoff Anne , Pieraccini Stefano , Sironi Maurizio , Sangiorgio Sara , Scarabattoli Letizia , Speranza Giovanna , Rabuffetti Marco
Published: December 2022

Umami taste is elicited predominantly by monosodium glutamate (MSG) and purine 5’‐ribonucleotides, in particular guanosine and inosine 5’‐monophosphates (GMP and IMP). A significant peculiarity of umami compounds is their capacity to interact synergistically. A possible explanation of such phenomenon is that both l‐glutamate and ribonucleotides may interact simultaneously with the “Venus flytrap” domain of T1R1/T1R3 umami receptor, but at different sites. Starting from this model, we reasoned that hybrid compounds, containing the two umami moieties covalently connected through flexible linkers of variable length, could be able to reach both umami receptor sites through a single molecule, thus giving an insight into the mechanism of synergism. MD simulations suggested that a chain of at least eight carbon atoms is requested to allow the interaction of both l‐glutamate and 5’‐ribonucleotide with their respective binding sites. We report here the synthesis of such hybrids starting from 2’,3’‐O‐isopropylidene‐5’‐O‐t‐butyldimethylsilylguanosine.
Privatized espionage: NSO Group Technologies and its Pegasus spyware
Authors: Kaster Sean D. , Ensign Prescott C.
Published: December 2022

Advanced cyber technology like NSO Group Technologies' (NSO) controversial Pegasus spyware blurs distinctions between “good” and “bad.” This case follows the Israeli‐based international leader in cyber espionage and developer NSO and one of its co‐founders, Shalev Hulio from its creation in 2010 to the present. It includes NSO's acquisition by US‐based private equity fund Francisco Partners in 2014. NSO's re‐acquisition in 2019 by co‐founders Hulio and Omri Lavie with funding support from London‐based private equity fund Novalpina Capital. During this time, Pegasus had helped capture Mexican drug baron El Chapo, prevented terrorist attacks and broken up pedophilia, sex, and drug‐trafficking rings. But Pegasus also contributed to the murder of Washington Post reporter Jamal Khashoggi as well as other illegal incidents against dissidents, journalist, and governments. As the case suggests, controlling access to such powerful technology that involves accountability, responsibility, and enforceability within a firm and within nations appears illusive.
German guideline diverticular disease/diverticulitis
Authors: Kruis Wolfgang , Germer Christoph‐Thomas , Böhm Stephan , Dumoulin Franz Ludwig , Frieling Thomas , Hampe Jochen , Keller Jutta , Kreis Martin E. , Meining Alexander , Labenz Joachim , Lock Johann F. , Ritz Jörg Peter , Schreyer Andreas G. , Leifeld Ludger ,   for the German Society of Gastroenterology, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases (DGVS) and the German Society of General and Visceral Surgery (DGAV) (AWMF‐Register 021‐20)
Published: December 2022

Diverticulosis and diverticular disease are ranked among the most common gastroenterological diseases and conditions. While for many years diverticulitis was found to be mainly an event occurring in the elder population, more recent work in epidemiology demonstrates increasing frequency in younger subjects. In addition, there is a noticeable trend towards more complicated disease. This may explain the significant increase in hospitalisations observed in recent years. It is not a surprise that the number of scientific studies addressing the clinical and socioeconomic consequences in the field is increasing. As a result, diagnosis and conservative as well as surgical management have changed in recent years. Diverticulosis, diverticular disease and diverticulitis are a complex entity and apparently an interdisciplinary challenge. To meet theses considerations the German Societies for Gastroenterology and Visceral Surgery decided to create joint guidelines addressing all aspects in a truely interdisciplinary fashion. The aim of the guideline is to summarise and to evaluate the current state of knowledge on diverticulosis and diverticular disease and to develop statements as well as recommendations to all physicians involved in the management of patients with diverticular disease.
The phenomenology of autobiographical retrieval
Authors: Moulin Chris J. A. , Carreras Fabien , Barzykowski Krystian
Published: December 2022

In this article we review the literature on the phenomenology of retrieval from the personal past, and propose a framework for understanding how epistemic feelings and metacognitive reflections guide the retrieval of representations of past events in the Self Memory System. Our focus is on an overlooked aspect of autobiographical memory, the phenomenology of the retrieval process, as opposed to the products of retrieval themselves. As we argue in the present paper, this is not some magical collection of phenomena, but centers on the feeling of familiarity derived from retrieval fluency during the process of retrieval. The relationship between retrieval fluency and retrieved content, interpreted metacognitively is what gives autobiographical retrieval its particular phenomenological “flavor.” To illustrate our point, we focus on two phenomena that only recently were considered alongside each other: the déjà vu experience and involuntary autobiographical memories. Our proposal is that the feeling of familiarity (i.e.,this reminds me of something) for the personal past acts to guide deliberate, conscious memory search. We argue that the critical concept in the phenomenology of retrieval is fluency—how readily information comes to mind.

This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Memory

Philosophy > Consciousness

Philosophy > Knowledge and Belief
Ideas and Methods in Person-Centered Outcome Metrology
Authors: Fisher William P. , Cano Stefan J.
Published: December 2022

Broadly stated, this book makes the case for a different way of thinking about how to measure and manage person-centered outcomes in health care. The basic contrast is between statistical and metrological definitions of measurement. The mainstream statistical tradition focuses attention on numbers in centrally planned and executed data analyses, while metrology focuses on distributing meaningfully interpretable instruments throughout networks of end users. The former approaches impose group-level statistics from the top down in homogenizing ways. The latter tracks emergent patterns from the bottom up, feeding them back to end users in custom tailored applications, whose decisions and behaviors are coordinated by means of shared languages. New forms of information and knowledge necessitate new forms of social organization to create them and put them to use. The chapters in this book describe the analytic, design, and organizational methods that have the potential to open up exciting new possibilities for systematic and broad scale improvements in health care outcomes.
Measurement Systems, Brilliant Processes, and Exceptional Results in Healthcare: Untapped Potentials of Person-Centered Outcome Metrology for Cultivating Trust
Authors: Fisher William P.
Published: December 2022

An historic shift in focus on the quality and person-centeredness of health care has occurred in the last two decades. Accounts of results produced from reinvigorated attention to the measurement, management, and improvement of the outcomes of health care show that much has been learned, and much remains to be done. This article proposes that causes of the failure to replicate in health care the benefits of “lean” methods lie in persistent inattention to measurement fundamentals. These fundamentals must extend beyond mathematical and technical issues to the social, economic, and political processes involved in constituting trustworthy performance measurement systems. Successful “lean” implementations will follow only when duly diligent investments in these fundamentals are undertaken. Absent those investments, average people will not be able to leverage brilliant processes to produce exceptional outcomes, and we will remain stuck with broken processes in which even brilliant people can produce only flawed results. The methodological shift in policy and practice prescribed by the authors of the chapters in this book moves away from prioritizing the objectivity of data in centrally planned and executed statistical modeling, and toward scientific models that prioritize the objectivity of substantive and invariant unit quantities. The chapters in this book describe scientific modeling’s bottom-up, emergent and evolving standards for mass customized comparability. Though the technical aspects of the scientific modeling perspective are well established in health care outcomes measurement, operationalization of the social, economic, and political aspects required for creating new degrees of trust in health care institutions remains at a nascent stage of development. Potentials for extending everyday thinking in new directions offer hope for achieving previously unattained levels of efficacy in health care improvement efforts.
Epistemic Inroads from the Asylum to Digital Psychiatry
Authors: Egher Claudia
Published: December 2022

This chapter traces the development of expertise about mental health from the early days of the asylum to the hopes and anxieties that are currently generated by the (upcoming) use of digital and AI-based technologies in the provision of mental healthcare. It highlights the trajectory that expertise about mental health has undergone from the focus on heredity in the nineteenth century to the more recent embrace of genetics. In so doing, it engages with the jurisdictional struggles that emerged between psychiatry, psychology, and other disciplines, and with the precarious state that characterizes the provision of mental healthcare in the US and France these days.
BoP Businesses of Multinational Corporations and Sustainability
Authors: Hasegawa Shinji
Published: December 2022

Pessimism about the effects of official development assistance (ODA) on the poorest countries (base of the pyramid; BoP) has raised expectations of social business by multinational corporations (MNCs) since the end of the twentieth century. First, this chapter summarizes the historical developments focused on the role of MNCs in alleviating poverty at the BoP (Sustainable Development Goals [SDGs] 1, 3, and 6) through delivery of affordable products and services, following activities of non-governmental organizations, growing awareness of corporate social responsibility, and framing of development goals by United Nations agencies. Next, it discusses BoP’s shift from its role as a marketplace to a production base or source of innovation, as MNCs have established global production networks. We argue that this has changed the BoP business toward contributing to the achievement of SDGs 5, 8, and 9. Finally, MNCs are required to address not only social challenges at the BoP, but also environmental challenges (SDGs 13) in both emerging and developed countries. To balance these overall SDG-related challenges with MNCs’ own interests, BoP business is further evolving into SDG business management, and MNCs will be increasingly required to redefine their role from a sustainability perspective.
Sustainable Development: Controversies and Theoretical Results in Economics
Authors: Akao Ken-Ichi
Published: December 2022

This chapter presents the economic conditions for achieving sustainable development and the mechanism by which rational people choose an anti-sustainable path. These are theoretical results derived from the standard economic model. However, the model has faced controversy regarding the concept of sustainable development. This chapter introduces these controversies. By doing so, the implications and limitations of the theoretical results can be well-understood. One controversy concerns what should be sustained in sustainable development, and the other intergenerational equity. For illustration, this chapter often refers to the climate change issue, which raised and fired these controversies. Since the topic is sustainable development, this chapter relates to Sustainable Development Goals as a whole, and it contributes to SDGs 8 (economic growth) and 13 (climate action), among others.
Free fermion cyclic/symmetric orbifold CFTs and entanglement entropy
Authors: Takayanagi Tadashi , Tsuda Takashi
Published: December 2022

Abstract

In this paper we study the properties of two-dimensional CFTs defined by cyclic and symmetric orbifolds of free Dirac fermions, especially by focusing on the partition function and entanglement entropy. Via the bosonization, we construct the twist operators which glue two complex planes to calculate the partition function of ℤ2 orbifold CFT on a torus. We also find an expression of ℤN cyclic orbifold in terms of Hecke operators, which provides an explicit relation between the partition functions of cyclic orbifolds and those of symmetric ones. We compute the entanglement entropy and Renyi entropy in cyclic orbifolds on a circle both for finite temperature states and for time-dependent states under quantum quenches. We find that the replica method calculation is highly non-trivial and new because of the contributions from replicas with different boundary conditions. We find the full expression for the ℤ2 orbifold and show that the periodicity gets doubled. Finally, we discuss extensions of our results on entanglement entropy to symmetric orbifold CFTs and make a heuristic argument towards holographic CFTs.