bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Results of the Olfactory Cognition Test Performed On 117 Peoples
Authors: Katayama Naomi , Kondo Shoko , Suzuki Saho , Ishiguro Satoko , Kondo Nijiho , Amano Nana , Okuda Kaho
Published: June 2020

Recently, many types of research have reported odors. There are several types of lits used for testing, but in Japan, there re odor sticks, open essences, T&T olfactometry, etc. This time, we report that we conducted an olfactory cognitive test using open essence on healthy 117 peoples (35 males and 83 females). The Open Essence (made by FUJIFILM) has the smell as same as the odor Stick Identification Test (OSIT-J). The aromas used in the open essence includes curry, perfume, Japanese cypress, India ink, menthol, rose, wood, stinkysocks/sweat, roasted garlic, condensed milk, gas for cooking and Japanese mandarin aromas. This 12 different kinds of perception is not necessarily culture-free; the Japanese version employed. Depending on the type of odor, that were difficult to understand and some that were easy to understand. The most will-recognized odor was the smell of Curry, and the most hard to understand odor was mandarin orange. In males, the highest cognitive odor was Curry, and the lowest odor was Stir-fried garlic. In females, the highest cognitive odor was Curry, and the lowest odor was mandarin orange. In the future, it will be necessary to perform olfactory cognitive ability by age, using open essence.
NGAJI SOSMED TANGKAL PEMAHAMAN RADIKAL MELALUI PENDAMPINGAN KOMUNITAS LANSIA DENGAN SAJIAN PROGRAM NGABARI DI DESA SUKOREJO SUKOWONO JEMBER
Authors: Hosaini
Published: June 2020

This outreach program is carried out in Sukurejo village in Sukowono, Jember with an agrarian society. The method used is the location survey. They are finding out the problems experienced by the community to local community leaders and submitting proposals, involving students or members of the team, coaching and planning the implementation of "NGABARI", gathering communities who will be members of assistance, planning programs that will be implemented as the solution of solving the problems experienced by the community. determine the time and deliver students or teams to the location, collaborate with community leaders to carry out the planned "NGABARI" program, carry out monitoring and evaluation midway through the implementation of activities, monitoring and evaluation at the end of the month because the ngabari program is carried out once a week. The results obtained are an increase in the competence of community religious learning and be able to align community understanding that is contradictory to the essence of Islamic religious learning in a basic way. Radical religious ideology caused by social media can be tipped with the "NGABARI" program activities.
Enneagram Kişilik Tipleri ve Akademik Başarı (Kocaeli - İzmit İlçesi 7. ve. Sınıf Örneği)
Authors: TURAN Hakan
Published: June 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı ortaokul 7.
ve 8. sınıf öğrencilerinin Enneagram kişilik tipleriyle akademik başarıları
arasında bir ilişki olup olmadığının belirlenmesidir. Çalışmada betimsel araştırma desenlerinden ilişkisel tarama
yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın
evreni, 2017-2018 Eğitim-öğretim yılında Kocaeli İzmit içersinde öğrenim gören 7.
ve 8. sekizinci sınıf öğrencileri, örneklemi ise bu evrenden uygun örnekleme
yöntemi ile belirlenen 122
öğrencidir. Verilerin analizinde Pearson korelasyon katsayısı kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda,  her bir kişilik tipinin ilişki düzeyleri
değişmekle birlikte bir değeriyle anlamlı ilişkiler içinde olduğu söylenebilir.
Ders başarılarının bazı dersler arasında yakından ilişkili olduğu gözlenmiştir.
Öğrencilerinin Enneagram Kişilik Tipleri ile akademik başarıları arasında düşük
düzeyde olmakla birlikte anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu söylenebilir. Akademik
başarı ile en çok ilişkili olan kişilik özelliklerinin; başarı odaklı,
mükemmeliyetçi ve maceracı, en az ilişkili olan kişilik özelliklerinin ise barışçıl,
yardımsever, sorgulayıcı ve özgün kişilik özellikleri olduğu söylenebilir.
Ezen-Ezilen Bireyler bağlamında Orhan Kemal'in Tiyatro Eserleri
Authors: NALBANTOĞLU Nuri
Published: June 2020

Asıl adı Mehmet Raşit Öğütçü olan Orhan Kemal; 1914-1970 yılları arasında yaşamış, roman öykü ve şiirleriyle tanıdığımız toplumcu gerçekçi bir yazarımızdır. Orhan Kemal’in dördü kendi eserlerinden uyarladığı 72. Koğuş, Bekçi Murtaza, Kardeş Payı, Eskici Dükkânı ve İspinozlar adlı beş tiyatro eseri vardır. Bu eserlerin tamamında; adaletsiz bir dünyada sınıf çatışması altında ezilen bireylerin insan kalma mücadelelerini acı bir gerçeklik içinde anlatır.

Bu çalışmada Orhan Kemal’in tiyatro oyunları; eser merkezli bir yaklaşımla ve ezen-ezilen bireyler bağlamında incelenecektir. Bu bireyler arasında varolan ezen-ezilen hiyerarşisi gösterilmeye çalışılacaktır. Oyundaki karakterlerin ortak ve ayırt edici özellikleri üstünde durularak yazarın vermek istediği mesajların hangi yöntemlerle okura/seyirciye iletilmeye çalışıldığı analiz edilecektir.
1974’ten 2020’ye TRT Tarih Dizileri
Authors: OKUMUŞ M. Sami
Published: June 2020

TRT’nin, 1974’ten günümüze uzanan dizi film yayıncılığının popüler ve kültürel bir metin olarak üretildiği yıllardaki tarihsel, kültürel ve politik anlamda değişen dönemler ve tutumlar bağlamında değerlendirilmiştir.
Bu amaçla TRT’nin, kendine özgü yapım koşulları ve dönemler arası siyasi atmosfer içinde ele aldığı tarih dizisi yapımlarının hangi dönemlerde, sayılarda ve başlıklarda ele alındığını, izleyicilerin de geçmişten günümüze televizyondan beklentilerini anlama adına yeniden gözden geçirmek bu manada anlamlıdır.
Estudio de la severidad y regeneración de la vegetación por el incendio de 2012 en el Bosque La Primavera (México) mediante imágenes LANDSAT 7
Authors: López García Alejandro Ramón
Published: June 2020

El incendio de abril de 2012 en el Bosque La Primavera es considerado como el más extenso e intenso que se tiene registro. Se ha incorporado información generada a través de técnicas de percepción remota a partir de imágenes multiespectrales del sensor ETM+ de LANDSAT 7 dentro de un SIG, para realizar la cartografía y el análisis de la severidad y regeneración de la vegetación afectada. Se realizó la delimitación del incendio a través del índice espectral NBR, así como la severidad del mismo mediante el dNBR obteniendo que la mayoría de la superficie del daño corresponden a severidad BAJA y MEDIA que contabilizaron 88% de la superficie dañada. Los valores de NDVI permitieron estimar el estado fenológico de la vegetación que sirvió para estimar el tiempo de regeneración de la misma, siendo este de tres años, en donde matorrales y especies arbustivas fueron dañadas en su gran mayoría, tratándose de un incendio de tipo superficial.
Aplicação das normas L1 e L∞ em redes altimétricas: identificação de outliers e construção do modelo estocástico
Authors: Sampaio Suraci Stefano , Castro de Oliveira Leonardo
Published: June 2020

Nesse artigo, aplicações da minimização da norma L1 (ML1) e da norma L∞ (ML∞) na estimação de redes altimétricas foram investigadas. Redes de nivelamento simuladas pela Técnica de Monte Carlo e dados reais da rede brasileira de nivelamento foram empregados nos experimentos. Na identificação de outliers pela ML1, foi verificado que o ajustamento com pesos unitários apresentou condições vantajosas em relação ao modelo estocástico usual dos pesos proporcionais ao inverso do comprimento das linhas de nivelamento. O Classificador VL1, que estipula um Valor de Corte para os resíduos do ajustamento pela ML1 a partir do qual a respectiva observação passa a ser classificada como outlier, foi proposto. A taxa de sucesso dele na identificação de outliers foi superior à do procedimento data snooping iterativo em cenários de geometria da rede deficiente. Já a aplicação da ML∞ investigada é posterior ao tratamento de outliers. Um modelo estocástico alternativo para ajustamento da rede pelo MMQ que aproveitou a característica de minimização do máximo resíduo absoluto da rede no ajustamento pela ML∞ foi analisado. Além dessa minimização, o ajustamento da rede pelo MMQ com o modelo alternativo gerou, na significativa maioria dos casos, resíduos e precisão desses e dos parâmetros estimados mais homogêneos, com menor desvio padrão, que aqueles com o modelo estocástico usual. Todos os resultados são especialmente relevantes para o caso de redes altimétricas.
ANALIZA SZUMOWA KANAŁU ODCZYTOWEGO PRZEZNACZONEGO DO WIELOKANAŁOWYCH UKŁADÓW SCALONYCH DEDYKOWANYCH DO EKSPERYMENTÓW NEUROBIOLOGICZNYCH
Authors: Kmon Piotr , Otfinowski Piotr
Published: June 2020

W artykule opisano budowę typowego kanału odczytowego wykorzystywanego do rejestracji sygnałów neurobiologicznych. Wskazano główne źródła szumów jakie występują w tego typu układach i zwrócono szczególną uwagę na metody ich minimalizowania. Prowadzona w artykule dyskusja bierze pod uwagę kluczowe parametry wpływające na odniesione do wejścia kanału odczytowego szumy, a mianowicie moc pobieraną przez kanał pomiarowy oraz zajmowaną powierzchnię krzemu. Uwzględnia przy tym typowy kanał odczytowy składający się z przedwzmacniacza napięciowego, układu próbkująco-pamiętającego i przetwornika analogowo-cyfrowego. Pobierana moc oraz zajętość powierzchni są niezmiernie istotne w odniesieniu do budowy wielokanałowego implantowanego układu scalonego przeznaczonego do rejestracji szerokiej gamy sygnałów neurobiologicznych. Artykuł zakończony jest opisem zrealizowanego układu scalonego, którego rozbudowana funkcjonalność pozwala na wykorzystanie go do rejestracji szerokiej gamy sygnałów neurobiologicznych.
PRZEMYSŁOWY TOMOGRAF POJEMNOŚCIOWY DO BADANIA PRZEPŁYWÓW DWUFAZOWYCH
Authors: Zaprawa Piotr
Published: June 2020

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki pracy, której celem było opracowanie układu tomografu pojemnościowego dedykowanego do zastosowań przemysłowych. Został on zbudowany na metalowej rurze z podłączonym układem kontrolno-pomiarowym, zdolnym do samodzielnej pracy na przewodzie rurowym. Na potrzeby prezentowanego urządzenia zostały zaprojektowane i zbudowane dedykowane układy pomiarowe. W pracy wykazano, że mogą one posłużyć do opracowania nowego, w pełni funkcjonalnego układu, który może znaleźć zastosowanie w przemyśle.
PROJEKT 7-BITOWEGO NISKOMOCOWEGO PRZETWORNIKA A/C W TECHNOLOGII SUBMIKRONOWEJ O MAŁEJ POWIERZCHNI DO ZASTOSOWAŃ WIELOKANAŁOWYCH
Authors: Otfinowski Piotr , Kmon Piotr , Kłeczek Rafał
Published: June 2020

W artykule został przedstawiony projekt przetwornika analogowo-cyfrowego w technologii CMOS 180nm. Wybraną architekturą jest przetwornik kompensacyjny z równoważeniem ładunku. Duży nacisk został położony na zmniejszenie zajmowanej powierzchni jak i minimalizację poboru mocy, co czyni prezentowany układ odpowiednim do zastosowań wielokanałowych. Autorzy prezentują wyniki symulacji Monte-Carlo nieliniowości charakterystyki przejściowej. Zaprezentowany przetwornik osiąga szybkość konwersji 3 MS/s przy rozdzielczości 7 bitów i poborze mocy 77 μW oraz zajmuje tylko 90 x 95 μm2.
ELEMENTS OF AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF HYDRODYNAMIC SYSTEMS
Authors: Mikhailovich Voronin Anatoli , Ajtchanov Bekmurza , Partyka Janusz , Aitkul Aldibekova
Published: June 2020

The paper presents the automated system of control of certain elements of the hydrodynamic system related to the production of liquid milk. Similar systems may find application in various fields of engineering, such as: hydro power station construction; oil refineries construction; control systems in various chemical industries containing hydrogen atoms in the final product; in propellant flow rate systems, etc., whenever it is required to control hydrodynamic parameters by means of nuclear magnetic resonance on the relevant atoms of the products used.
THE INTELLIGENT SYSTEM FOR AUTOMOTIVE FUELS QUALITY DEFINITION
Authors: Drevetskiy Volodymyr , Klepach Marko
Published: June 2020

An intelligent system, based on hydrodynamic method and artificial neural networks usage for automotive fuels quality definition have been developed. Artificial neural networks optimal structures for the octane number of gasoline, cetane number, cetane index of diesel fuel definition have been substantiated and their accuracy has been analyzed. The implementation of artificial neural networks by means of microcontroller-based systems has been considered.
SMART GRIDS – GENERAL REVIEW OF SYNCHRONIZATION TECHNIQUES
Authors: Lipnicki Piotr
Published: June 2020

This paper deals with crucial aspect of synchronization in modern power grids. It presents the concept of intelligent networks (“smart grids”), as the future of today’s grid infrastructure. The diversity of different grid codes in regards to the synchronization requirements for different Transmission System Operators (TSO) is discussed. This paper shows the applications of synchronizing algorithms, their role in power grid system.. The methods are classified according to application, the reference frame used and the possibility of using them in single and three phase systems. Proper selection of synchronization algorithms to meet the requirements of TSO’s calls for creation of appropriate evaluation methods. For this reason, at the end of the article quality criteria for the evaluation of synchronizing algorithms were proposed and explained in detail. Finally, the last section states what are the most commonly used methods for grid synchronization.
SYSTEM IMPEDANCYJNEJ TOMOGRAFII KOMPUTEROWEJ BAZUJĄCY NA PROCESORZE SYGNAŁOWYM O NISKIM POBORZE MOCY
Authors: Olchowy Daniel
Published: June 2020

Artykuł zawiera opis rozwiązania systemu pomiarowego tomografii impedancyjnej bazującego na procesorze sygnałowym o niskim poborze mocy.
POPRAWA JAKOŚCI OBRAZÓW TOMOGRAFICZNYCH O NISKIEJ DAWCE PROMIENIOWANIA
Authors: Węgliński Tomasz , Fabijańska Anna
Published: June 2020

W artykule rozważono problem poprawy jakości obrazów z tomografu komputerowego, uzyskanych z wykorzystaniem niskich dawek promieniowania. W szczególności, przetestowano popularne algorytmy przetwarzania wstępnego (m.in. algorytm filtracji anizotropowej, średnich nielokalnych, przesunięcia do średniej) oraz przeanalizowano skuteczność ich działania. Oceny jakości poprawy dokonano w oparciu o sztucznie wygenerowane zakłócenia, symulujące artefakty towarzyszące w obrazach TK niskim dawkom promieniowania. Do ilościowego porównania stopnia poprawy jakości wykorzystano takie miary, jak błąd średniokwadratowy oraz indeks strukturalnego podobieństwa.
OBLICZANIE NAPIĘCIA NA PANTOGRAFIE ELEKTRYCZNEGO POJAZDU TRAKCYJNEGO, PRĄDÓW OBCIĄŻENIOWYCH I ZWARCIOWYCH W SIECI TRAKCYJNEJ
Authors: Kruczek Włodzimierz
Published: June 2020

Elektryczne pojazdy trakcyjne do niezawodnej pracy i utrzymywania osiągów eksploatacyjnych, na które zostały zaprojektowane, wymagają niezawodnego zasilania. Zasilanie to jest gwarantowane poprzez system zasilania trakcyjnego. Cechą charakterystyczną dla obciążeń trakcyjnych jest ich duża zmienność, pobór prądu przez pojazd trakcyjny dużej mocy, przy niedostosowanym układzie zasilania jak i niedostosowanej sieci trakcyjnej powoduje zbyt duży spadek napięcia na pantografie, przez co pojazd traci właściwości trakcyjne, na które został zaprojektowany. Niniejszy artykuł poświęcony jestprogramowi napisanemu w środowisku MATHCAD do obliczania napięcia na pantografie elektrycznego pojazdu trakcyjnego, który zmienia swoje położenie, oraz obliczania prądów obciążeniowych i zwarciowych w sieci trakcyjnej.
ANALIZA WPŁYWU KSZTAŁTU PĘTLI HISTEREZY NA ZAWARTOŚĆ WYŻSZYCH HARMONICZNYCH PRĄDU I NAPIĘCIA W TRANSFORMATORZE
Authors: Brociek Wiesław , Wilanowicz Robert
Published: June 2020

W artykule przedstawiono rezultaty badań symulacyjnych mających na celu określenie wpływu kształtu krzywej magnesowania z uwzględnieniem pętli histerezy magnetycznej na odkształcenie prądów i napięć w transformatorze. Podano zależności oraz sposób wyznaczania parametrów opisujących kształt pętli histerezy rdzenia ferromagnetycznego transformatora. Wszystkie obliczenia przeprowadzono w programie Micro-Cap z wykorzystaniem modelu, podanego przez D. Jilesa i D. Athertona. Obliczenia symulacyjne wykonano przy zmieniających się wartościach indukcji remanencji i natężenia pola magnetycznego koercji oraz ustalonej wartości natężenia pola magnetycznego, indukcji nasycenia, stałej magnetyzacji oraz określonym napięciu zasilania. Zamieszczono przykładowe wyniki obliczeń numerycznych.
DETERMINATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION EMITTED BY TELECOMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT OF TRANSMISSION CENTERS
Authors: Naumchuk Oleksandr
Published: June 2020

Determining and forecasting of environmental influence of telecommunication equipment that is a source of electromagnetic radiation is still an actual challenge. The approach proposed enables to assess an impact of wide spectral electromagnetic sources on environment as well as to elaborate practical means of minimizing their influence.
THE TEMPLE OF EPICURIOUS APOLLO AT BASSAE: PRESERVE THE STONE OR UNCOVER ITS TRUE NATURE?
Authors: Kapadoukaki Eva , Soumas Michail
Published: June 2020

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MIEJSCE PAMIĘCI A PRZESTRZENIE PAMIĘCI
Authors: Barański Marek
Published: June 2020

Miejsce pamięci nie jest li tylko topograficznym odniesieniem, czy alokacją pamięci zdarzenia jakie się kiedyś i gdzieś wydarzyło. Ze społecznym, a nie topograficznym odniesieniem związana jest pamięć, która może być sprawą osobistych doznań, czy grupowych - społecznych uczuć. Okazuje się, że pamięć może być przekazem niewiążącym się z samym miejscem lecz jego symboliką, kiedy to nazwy, wybrane fragmenty pamięci, inne dokumenty i formy prezentacji, tworzą pamięć i tym samym wzmacniają odbiór miejsca pamięci. Mówimy o post pamięci jako pokoleniowym przekazem traumy. Na pamięć i miejsce pamięci można spojrzeć z perspektywy odbiorcy nie mającego relacji z taką pamięcią czy miejscem. Jego odniesienia nie zawsze mogą być właściwą interpretacją. Miejsce pamięci to również pamięć zbrodni bez odniesienia do konkretnego miejsca czy osób. Zakwestionować tutaj można określenie Pierra Nora, iż KL Auschwitz wśród europejskich miejsc pamięci jest miejscem symbolicznym. Zbrodnia Holocaustu, gdzie Auschwitz jest jedynie jednym z wielu różnorakich miejsc w przestrzeni pamięci winno wiązać się z jego określeniem jako miejsca fundacyjnego. Nadało ono nie tylko mieszkańcom Europy lecz większości świata trwałe kulturowe odniesienie. Dla Polaków Sybir, Wołyń, czy lasek lub dół gdzieś za miastem, czy wsią to nie mniej ważne miejsca pamięci. Te miejsca i ta pamięć konstytuują nasze społeczeństwo. Rolą konserwatora zabytków nie jest tylko sprawowanie opieki nad miejscem uznanym za zabytek, lecz bycie świadomym pamięci, która przenika przez nas i tworzy różne przestrzenie oddziaływania.
POLSKIE MIEJSCA PAMIĘCI - ZMIANY INTERPRETACJI I PROBLEMY OCHRONY W XXI WIEKU
Authors: Lewicki Jakub
Published: June 2020

W pracy omówiono pojęcie miejsce pamięci, jego zakres, i wiążące się z nim skojarzenia i społeczny w kolejnych okresach historycznych. Przedstawiono też zmiany rozumienia tego terminu i odmienne kształtowanie różnych miejsc pamięci w kolejnych okresach historycznych, a także zwrócono uwagę na odmienne interpretacje wydarzeń, które upamiętniały, co wpływało na ich różne urządzanie i odmienny odbiór społeczny.Analizując funkcjonowanie polskich miejsc pamięci w XX wieku należy zauważyć częste i gruntowne zmiany ich znaczenia i odbioru społecznego. Interpretacja wydarzeń i form upamiętnienia była zależna od aktualnej sytuacji społecznej i politycznej. Nawet niewielka zmiana sytuacji politycznej powodowała znaczące zmiany interpretacji miejsc pamięci i dotyczącej ich propagandy. Mimo to miejsca pamięci stały się ważnymi nośnikami pamięci. Ich przejawem były bardzo nowatorskie projekty upamiętnień zarówno w formie pomników (pomniki w danych obozach koncentracyjnych - Oświęcim, Majdanek, Treblinka), jak i wielkich kompozycji przestrzennych (nowa zabudowy upamiętniająca warszawskie getto), które powstawały po 1945 roku.Rozumienie polskich miejsc pamięci znacząco zmieniało się w XX wieku, podobnie jak cała tradycja kulturowa. Zmieniało się także ich postrzeganie, rozumienie, jak i sposób odbioru społecznego, niezależnie od dużej akceptacji społecznej. Także i dzisiaj rozumienie miejsc pamięci nie jest ostatecznie zdefiniowane i nadal będzie podlegało ono zmianom interpretacji i odbioru, co ma wpływ na ich znaczenie i formy ochrony.
NASZE CZY OBCE? CMENTARZE WIELKIEJ WOJNY W MAŁOPOLSCE. ZAGROŻENIA I PERSPEKTYWY
Authors: Partridge Agnieszka
Published: June 2020

Mija 100 lat od wybudowania w dawnej Galicji Zachodniej, dzisiejszej Małopolsce ponad 400 cmentarzy wojennych, będących pamiątką walk między armią austro-węgierską i carską. Pośród poległych znaleźli się żołnierze wielu narodowości i różnych wyznań.Przez lata cmentarze te pozostawały zaniedbane, co zaczęło się zmieniać po roku 1989. Dziś problemem jest nie tylko konserwacja ich zabytkowej substancji, ale dewastacja na tle ideologicznym.W artykule podjęta została problematyka ochrony ocalałych ponad 370 miejsc pamięci zarówno z materialnego punktu widzenia, jak i sposobów wpisania tych pomników w społeczną pamięć historyczną tak, aby stały się częścią naszej tożsamości.
ZAMEK W SIEWIERZU. ZAŁOŻENIA KONSERWATORSKIE I REWALORYZACJA ZABYTKOWEJ RUINY
Authors: Rok Artur
Published: June 2020

Prace konserwatorskie i restauratorskie zostały przeprowadzone na ruinach zamku w Siewierzu w latach 2007-2010. Zostały one wykonane po szczegółowych badaniach historycznych przeprowadzonych przez Artura Rok. Głównym celem prac była rekompozycja i odkrycie niejasnej pod względem funkcjonalnym i przestrzennym struktury zamku, a także konserwacja ceglanych i kamiennych powierzchni murów.Fundamenty renesansowych skrzydeł zachodnich i południowych zamku zostały odkryte, a także częściowo poddane konserwacji i rekonstrukcji. Wykonano zasadnicze prace rekonstrukcyjne na południowych murach zamku, które wcześniej były poważnie uszkodzone jeszcze przed II Wojną Światową. Cel pracy był czysto techniczny i doprowadził do ukazania wizerunku południowej części zamku pomimo faktu, iż najwyższy poziom nie został zrekonstruowany celem zachowania wyglądu ruiny. Zaaranżowo dziedziniec zamku w taki sposób, by eksponował fundamentu XIII-wiecznego donżonu (wieży obronnej) i baszty, która jest otwarta dla odwiedzających. Zrekonstruowany został także most zwodzony (nie jest to częste działanie przy odbudowie zamków w Polsce).Prace konserwatorskie na Zamku w Siewierzu przeprowadzono zgodnie z zasadami Karty Weneckiej i Historycznej Karty Ruin, aby zachować najwyższą autentyczność zamku.
ARAH HUKUM EKONOMI DALAM PENGEMBANGAN PEREKONOMIAN INDONESIA
Authors: Rohendi Acep
Published: June 2020

Para pendiri negara telah menetapkan sistem ekonomi Indonesia sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 33 UUD 1945, suatu sistem ekonomi yang bukan sosialis maupun kapitalis. Namun pada prakteknya menjalankan sistem kapitalis yang merupakan cikal bakal liberalisasi ekonomi dalam hukum ekonomi Indonesia. Hukum ekonomi Indonesia tersebut merupakan produk hukum berupa peraturan perundang-undangan yang seharusnya merupakan penjabaran Pasal 33 UUD 1945. Sistem ekonomi dalam UUD 45 bukan merupakan sistem ekonomi kapitalis, namun sistem ekonomi yang berasaskan kekeluargaan. Kebutuhan pragmatis menyebabkan liberasi ekonomi sehingga timbulnya hukum ekonomi bercorak kapitalis.dengan keikutsertaan menjadi anggota dari forum forum /organisasi internasional, yang anggota meliberasi sistem ekonominya. Mau tidak mau negara Indonesai terikat untuk meliberaliasi sistem ekonominya. Perlu kembalinya kepada UUD 45 sebelum amandemen merupakan salah satu upaya mengembalikan rel system ekonomi yang dikehendaki Pasal 33 UUD 1945. Adanya GBHN diperlukan untuk memformat ulang sistem ekonomi kapitalistik kembali kepada sistem ekonomi yang berlandaskan Pasal 33 UUD 45. Penjabaran GBHN tersebut dapat dibuat produk hukum ekonomi Indonesiayang mencerminkan pasal-pasal dari Pasal 33 UUD 1945.
LEMBAGA PEMASYARAKATAN DAN BUDAYA HUKUM MASYARAKAT
Authors: Reksodiputro Mardjono
Published: June 2020

Media massa dan media sosial sibuk membicarakan tentang kekhawatiran masyarakat akan diperlemahnya Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (KPK) melalui undang-undang yang dihasilkan oleh DPR, maupun disahkannya Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) baru (Nasional) pada kurun waktu akan selesainya tugas mereka (DPR baru dilantik 2 Oktober 2019). Pada waktu yang bersamaan dibicarakan juga tentang perilaku petugas Polisi yang bertugas menertibkan massa yang berdemonstrasi (24 September 2019) untuk pembatalan UU KPK tersebut.
THE EFFECT OF SOIL HERBICIDES ON NODULE-FORMING ABILITY AND OTHER CONDITIONS FOR SOYBEAN YIELD
Authors: Hutianskyi R. A.
Published: June 2020

The effect of soil herbicides on nodule-forming ability and other conditions for soybean yield isgiven. It has been established that modern soil herbicides, especially Fabian and Prymekstra TZ 500Gold SC were inferior than herbicide Harnes by the efficiency of control of annual cereals and bilobatedshort-living weeds soybean crops. Harnes had a greater negative effect on the formation of the amountand weight of nitrogen-fixing nodules on soybean root than other herbicides. At the same time, the use ofHarnes produced the highest yield of soybeans. Morphological signs of plants and signs of soybeanproductivity depended on the effectiveness of soil herbicides and tolerance of culture to them. There wasno significant effect of soil herbicides on the quality of the cultivated soybean seeds.
INFLUENCE OF BIOPREPARATION RHYZOHUMIN AND PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR BIOGLOBINE ON SYMBIOTIC NITROGEN-FIXING SYSTEM AND YIELD OF SOYBEAN
Authors: Murach O. M. , Volkohon V. V.
Published: June 2020

The paper presents the results of study on the influence of pre-sowing treatment of soybeanseeds with the microbial preparation Rhyzohumin and growth regulator Bioglobine, and their separate application (Rhyzohumin was used for seeds bacterization while growth regulator was appliedfoliar during different phases of plants organogenesis) on the formation and functioning of a symbiotic nitrogen-fixing apparatus in the conditions of the north-eastern forest-steppe of Ukraine.Separate application of studied preparations has intensively stimulated the formation and activityof soybean-rhizobial symbiosis, compared to their joint application. Considering their stage-bystage application the preparations has a positive action and increase the grain yield of soybeans.
INFLUENCE OF THE COMPLEX BACTERIAL PREPARATION AZOHRAN ON WINTER WHEAT YIELD
Authors: Korniichuk O. V. , Plotnikov V. V. , Hylchuk H. H. , Roi A. O. , Skorokhod I. O. , Kurdych I. K.
Published: June 2020

The influence of the complex bacterial preparation Azohran on the yield of winter wheat ofthe Tsarivna variety under the conditions of the Forest-steppe of Ukraine on the gray forest soil wasinvestigated. The use of the preparation on the background of a number of fertilizer systemscontributed to the increase in wheat yield by 0.57-0.62 t/ha under the resource-saving plantprotection technology and by 0.49-0.55 t/ha under intensive one. Bacterization contributed toreducing the damage of plants with root rot, speckled leaf and spike blotch. In the obtained grain,the content of crude protein and gluten increased by 0.6-0.9% and 1.2-1.3% for resource-savingand 0.6-0.9% and 1.1-1.3% for the intensive growing technologies, respectively
WAYS TO INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF LONG-TERM APPLICATION OF DIFFERENT FERTILIZER SYSTEMS IN SHORT-TERM CROP ROTATION
Authors: Potapenko L. V. , Skachok L. М. , Horbachenko N. I.
Published: June 2020

Objective. To evaluate the influence of different fertilizer systems in combination with microbial preparations on the change of nutritional regime of sod-podzolic soil and the yield of crops of short-term crop rotation in the Polissia region. Methods. Fields — stationary experiment, laboratory, mathematical and statistical. Results. On the basis of studies conducted in a long-term stationary experiment on sod-podzolic soil, analysis and determination of dependence between the content of available compounds of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium on fertilizer systems and microbial preparations was performed. It was found that the highest nutrient reserves in the soil were in the organo-mineral fertilizer system “manure + green manure + NPK” in combination with microbial preparations: the content of mineral compounds of nitrogen — 82.32 kg/ha, available phosphorus — 223 mg/kg of soil, and exchangeable potassium — 122 mg/kg, which is 1.8, 1.4 and 1.6 times higher than the parameter of the mineral fertilizer system, respectively. At the same time, due to the inoculation of seeds nitrogen reserves in the soil can increase up to 26 %. The application of the fertilizer system “manure + green manure + NPK” provides an optimal level of root nutrition of crops of short-term crop rotation and, as a consequence, the highest productivity of crops, which amounted to: winter rye — 5.2 FU (fodder units), potatoes — 7.7 FU, oats — 3.3, lupine — 3.8 FU on background without inoculation and 5.7, 8.3, 3.9 and 4.4 FU, respectively, when microbial preparations were applied. The increase due to inoculation with this fertilizer system amounted to 0.5 fodder units (FU) for winter rye, 0.5 FU for potatoes, and 0.6 FU for oats, and 0.6 FU for lupine. Conclusion. The nutrient regime of sod-podzolic soil depends on the use of various fertilizer systems in combination with microbial preparations. Organic-mineral fertilizer system “manure + green manure + NPK” under the use of microbial preparations is most effective for growing crops on sod-podzolic soil in short-term crop rotation. This combined fertilizer system contributes to the greatest accumulation of nutrient reserves: nitrogen mineral compounds — 82.3 kg/ha, available phosphorus — 220 mg/kg of soil and exchangeable potassium — 122 mg/kg.
Transfer Learning or Self-supervised Learning? A Tale of Two Pretraining Paradigms
Authors: Yang Xingyi , He Xuehai , Liang Yuxiao , Yang Yue , Zhang Shanghang , Xie Pengtao
Published: June 2020

Pretraining has become a standard technique in computer vision and natural language processing, which usually helps to improve performance substantially. Previously, the most dominant pretraining method is transfer learning (TL), which uses labeled data to learn a good representation network. Recently, a new pretraining approach -- self-supervised learning (SSL) -- has demonstrated promising results on a wide range of applications. SSL does not require annotated labels. It is purely conducted on input data by solving auxiliary tasks defined on the input data examples. The current reported results show that in certain applications, SSL outperforms TL and the other way around in other applications. There has not been a clear understanding on what properties of data and tasks render one approach outperforms the other. Without an informed guideline, ML researchers have to try both methods to find out which one is better empirically. It is usually time-consuming to do so. In this work, we aim to address this problem. We perform a comprehensive comparative study between SSL and TL regarding which one works better under different properties of data and tasks, including domain difference between source and target tasks, the amount of pretraining data, class imbalance in source data, and usage of target data for additional pretraining, etc. The insights distilled from our comparative studies can help ML researchers decide which method to use based on the properties of their applications.
INTERMICROBIAL «SELF-NON-SELF» DISCRIMINATION IN «DOMINANT-ASSO-CIANT» PAIR OF PROBIOTIC STRAINS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI M-17 AND E.COLI LEGM-18
Authors: Bukharin O. V. , Perunova N. B. , Ivanova E. V. , Andryuschenko S. V.
Published: June 2020

Aim. To use earlier developed method of intermicrobial «self-non-self» discrimination in «dominant-associant» pair for the assessment of foreignness of probiotic cultures of Escherichia coli M-17 (with pathogenicity island) and E. coli LEGM-18 (without pathogenicity island). Materials and methods. As dominants reference and clinical strains of bifidobacteria were used in the work, cultures of E. coli M-17 and E. coli LEGM-18 were taken as associants, differing in the presence of genes which code colibactin. Detection of the phenomenon of microbial discrimination was conducted according to the developed algorithm (Bukharin O.V., Perunova N.B., 2011) based on the principle of metabolite induction as a result of preliminary coincubation of dominants (bifidobacteria) with supernatant of associants and the formation of feed back in «dominant-as-sociant» pair. Special growth properties, biofilm formation, and antilysozyme activity served as biological characteristics of investigated coliform bacteria. Results. Testing of E. coli M -17 culture revealed depression of biological properties under investigation and it was estimated as «non-self» possibly due to the presence of pathogenicity island whereas E. coli LEGM-18 (without this fragment) sharply strengthened its biological characteristics and was subjected to assessment as «self». Conclusion. Use of intermicrobial «self-non-self» discrimination in «dominant-associant» pair is promising as basic method when selecting probiotic strains and cultures for creation of new symbiotic compositions and is suitable for quality control of probiotic products.
A CASE OF IMPORT OF GENOTYPE 4 HEPATITIS E VIRUS INTO RUSSIA
Authors: Mikhailov M. I. , Malinnikova E. Yu. , Kyuregyan K. K. , Isaeva O. V.
Published: June 2020

Aim. Description of the first documented case of imported hepatitis E, associated with genotype 4 of HEV and introduced from southern France. Materials and methods. Clinical, epidemiologic and laboratory analysis of the imported case of disease of hepatitis E was carried out. Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences of HEV isolate, taken from the patient, was carried out. Results. Epidemiologic analysis allowed to assume imported character of the detected case of HEV-infection. Comparative analysis of nucleotide sequences of regions of the open reading frame 2 (300 nt) and open reading frame 1 (721 nt) of HEV genome, isolated from the patient, showed identity of this isolate with variants of genotype 4 HEV, isolated in France in 2009 - 2011 from patients with autochthonous hepatitis E. Conclusion. The results obtained confirm the case of import into Russia of genotype 4 HEV from south-eastern France (Corsica), where spread of this virus genotype is observed in recent years.
COMPARISON OF DIAGNOSTIC EFFECTIVENESS OF METHODS OF DETECTION OF COXIELLA BURNETII IN BLOOD OF PATIENTS WITH Q FEVER BASED ON AMPLIFICATION OF 16S rRNA GENE FRAGMENTS (STANDARD PCR) AND groEL GENE (REALTIME PCR)
Authors: Panferova Yu. A. , Freilikhman O. A. , Tokarevich N. K. , Karpenko S. F. , Galimzyanov Kh. M.
Published: June 2020

Aim. Comparison of diagnostic capabilities of 2 variants of PCR for detection of Coxiella burnetii persistence in dynamics of infectious process in patients with Q fever. Materials and methods. 110 samples of clinical material, obtained from patients with Q fever in an endemic region for this infection (Astrakhan region), were studied. The samples were studied in a standard PCR (marker - 16S rRNA gene fragment) and in real-time PCR (RT-PCR) (marker - groEL gene fragment). Results. Both markers were established to be perspective for detection of C. burnetii DNA in clinical material, and RT-PCR detects positive result including late stages of the disease (illness day 21 - 31). Conclusion. This study is the first Russian publication on comparison on different PCR variants for detection of C. burnetii in blood of Q fever patients in dynamics of the infectious process.
BACTERIAL LYSATES OF ESCHERICHIA COLI STIMULATE PRODUCTION OF DEFENSINS BY PERIPHERAL BLOOD NEUTROPHILS
Authors: Akhmatova N. K. , Khomenkov V. G. , Volkova E. V. , Akhmatova E. A. , Semochkin I. A. , Perepanova T. S. , Zverev V. V.
Published: June 2020

Aim. Study effect of a microbial-origin preparation based on Escherichia coli bacteria lysate (Uro-Vaksom) on defensin production (HNP1-3, lactoferrin - LF) and IgM/IgA in patients with recurring infections oflower urinary tract (RILUT). Materials and methods. 40 women with RILUT aged 18 - 68 years, who received monotherapy with Uro-Vaksom (bacterial lysate of 18 E. coli strains), and 26 healthy women were included into the study. Levels of defensins and immunoglobulins in blood were determined using ELISA (HNP1-3, LF, Elisa Kit, Hycult biotech, Netherlands; Serazym Human IgA, IgM, Germany). Rerate. A reduced level of defensins HNP1-3 and LF was noted in patients with RILUT, that gives evidence on chronical course of the inflammatory process on the organism. Use of E. coli lysate resulted in normalization of these parameters in blood sera of women. IgM and IgA levels in blood of the patients remained within normal values, and use of the bacterial lysate did not affect them. Conclusion. Use of Uro-Vaksom based on E. coli bacteria lysate has immune-correcting effect during therapy of patients with RILUT.
EVALUATION OF STIMULATING EFFECT OF BIOGENIC AMINE SEROTONIN ON CAPSULE-LIKE SUBSTANCE OF FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS
Authors: Klyueva S. N. , Schukovskaya T. N. , Bugorkova S. A. , Erokhin P. S. , Kuznetsova E. M. , Volokh O. A.
Published: June 2020

Aim. Evaluate the effect of serotonin on morphometric and topographic characteristics of cells of vaccine strain of F. tularensis 15 NIIEG (Cap+) and its non-capsule variant F. tularensis KM-9 (Cap ). Materials and methods. Analysis was carried out by methods of densitomorphometry and atomic-force microscopy. Results. Cultivation of F. tularensis 15 NIIEG (Cap+) in FT agar has shown that in the presence of serotonin the thickness of capsule-like substance, surrounding bacterial cells, has increased on average 3 times and was 95.1±0.56 nm against 31.7±0.18 nm in control (without serotonin). During similar cultivation of F. tularensis KM-9 (Cap") such phenomenon was noted detected. Capsule-like substance of tularemia microbe was established to play an important role in biofilm formation. Conclusion. The data obtained prove an importance of phenotype of tularemia microbe and allow to assume a special role of serotonin in the processes of formation of biofilm community, in which the bacteria are protected from damaging factors of the environment.
DETERMINATION OF VIRULENCE PROPERTIES OF PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS IN VITRO: STATE-OF-ART
Authors: Shmelkova T. P. , Sazanova E. V. , Kravtsov A. L. , Malyukova T. A. , Popov Yu. A. , Boiko A. V. , Devdariani Z. L. , Schukovskaya T. N.
Published: June 2020

Various methods for evaluation of virulence properties of causative agents of infectious diseases in vitro were analyzed: molecular-genetic, cultural-biochemical, immunologic, physiologic. Predominant use of molecular-genetic methods, expediency of a complex approach, relevance of search of novel informative parameters of virulence are noted. Study of biological properties of pathogens in vitro is the first screening stage of evaluation of their virulence.
INFECTIONS CAUSED BY EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS
Authors: Puzyreva L. V. , Safonov A. D.
Published: June 2020

The review is dedicated to features of clinical manifestations of infections caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in HIV-infected patients, problems of diagnostics and execution of antiviral therapy in the case of combination of these infections. Individuals at AIDS stage develop tumors, associated with EBV: non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas, including Berkitt’s lymphoma, primary B-cell lymphoma ofCNS, nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Formation of lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis and leukoplakia is known to be associated with EBV. A large list of preparations that are inhibitors of EBV replication are currently known, however, there is no clear pathogenetically justified therapy scheme for patients with this infection against the background of HIV-infection.
GIS: CAPABILITIES OF DATA ANALYSIS OF PHENO- AND GENOTYPING OF EL TOR 01 SEROGROUP CHOLERA VIBRIOS ISOLATED FROM AQUATIC OBJECTS OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN RUSSIA FEDERATION
Authors: Levchenko D. A. , Kruglikov V. D. , Vodopianov A. S. , Titova S. V. , Arkhangelskaya I. V. , Nepomnyaschaya N. B. , Ezhova M. I.
Published: June 2020

Aim. Application of the authors’ GIS «Cholera 1989-2014» for systematization of atoxigenic strains of serogroup 01 cholera vibrios (ctxAB-tcpA-, ctxAB-tcpA+), isolated from aquatic objects of the environment by pheno- and genotype. Materials and methods. A sample of 304 Vibrio cholerae 01 strains was studied. Isolation of 39 genes related to pathogenicity was carried out. Discrimination ability of a set of genes was determined by Simpson formula. Cluster analysis was carried out by UPGMA method. Results. Analysis of multi-year data on aquatic V. cholerae 01 strains in country’s subject was carried out using GIS. A possibility of systematization of phenotypes of the isolated strains by defined parameters was shown. An experimental program for detection of presence/lack of various genes and their combinations forgenotyping was developed. Conclusion. GIS was established to allow to carry out analysis of phenotypes by defined parameters, as well as implement approximate systematization of genotypes of atoxigenic strains of cholera vibrios 01 by optimally sufficient detection of 14 genes.
Evaluation of Mandibular Arch Width Changes following Fixed Retention in Post Orthodontic Patients - a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Nagani Nasreen Iqbal
Published: June 2020

Background: Retention is an integral phase in which teeth are maintained in their newly adapted position for which retainers are inserted. Retainers are generally of two types: removable and fixed. Fixed retainers are indicated in the mandibular arch for an indefinite period specifically in the non-extraction cases. Changes in intercanine and intermolar widths are valuable parameters to evaluate the stability. The objectives of this study were to assess and compare the mandibular intercanine and intermolar width changes following orthodontic treatment after insertion of two types of fixed lingual retainers for one year.

Methods: Total 54 subjects were recruited in which two types of fixed lingual retainers were inserted in the mandibular arch randomly. Intercanine and intermolar arch widths were measured by digital caliper of 0.01 mm accuracy. Data was analyzed by using Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS V-21). Chi-square and independent t tests were used to compare baseline characteristics. Intercanine and intermolar widths were assessed and compared using independent t test, p-value ≤ 0.05 is considered as statistically significant.

Results: Intercanine width increased from baseline to T4 in both retainers. When mean differences of intercanine width were compared between two retainers significant differences were observed at T1, T2, T3 and T4 with significant p-values (< 0.05) and increased intercanine width with multistranded stainless steel wire (MSW) retainers.

Conclusion: Mandibular intercanine width increases significantly in post retention phase with multistranded stainless steel retainers. Thus, fiber reinforced composite retainers are more effective in preserving the arch width changes.
Exercise and Its Effects on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Related Parameters
Authors: Yousuf Sheema
Published: June 2020

Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) has now become one of the most common and important complication of pregnancy worldwide. There are conflicting results of various studies regarding the role of exercise in reducing the risk of GDM. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of exercise on prevention of gestational diabetes.

Methods: It is a randomized controlled study directed in the obstetrics and gynecology outpatient clinic of Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS) hospital Islamabad beginning from 6 June 2016 to 5 December 2016 including 170 pregnant women satisfying the inclusion criteria. Group A received routine antenatal care while Group B included the pregnant women that were advised brisk walk for 30 minutes three days per week. At 24-28 week of pregnancy, 75gm oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed and International association for Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG) and Hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcome (HAPO) standards, determined GDM. Chi Square was applied for comparing GDM frequency and p value ≤0.05 was considered as significant.

Results: The mean age of the patients was 28.08 ± 4.15 years and mean gestation of pregnancy was 17.18 ± 0.78 weeks. Gestational diabetes was seen in 08 (9.41%) patients of non-exercising group while in exercise group only 01 (1.18%) patient had GDM (p-value 0.016).

Conclusion: Moderate exercise during pregnancy decreases the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus and is safe for the mother and the baby. However, more studies are needed to establish recommendations.
Cross Infection in Dentistry and the Dental Aerosols –A Potential Health Hazard
Authors: Anjum Angabeen
Published: June 2020

Many hazards are often associated with different occupations and known as occupational hazards. Dentistry is also one of those professions having many occupational risks. Such hazards are broadly categorized into chemical, biological, physical, mechanical and psychological factors. Cross infection is one of such hazards faced by the health care providers’ particularly dental workers. Cross infection is the transmission of infectious agents between patient and staff in clinical environment. Control of cross infection has remained the major concern of the dental community for decades. Various vectors are involved in cross infections in Dentistry including patients, environment (water, air), instruments etc. Particularly among the environmental factors, airborne route is one of the major routes of cross contamination and so aerosols produced in dental environment carry greatest pathogenic potential. Production of aerosols and splatters occur because of many procedures carried out in mouth including crown preparation, ultrasonic scaling, caries excavation etc. Patients, dental instruments and dental unit waterlines (DUWL) are the important sources of contaminated aerosol production in dental operatory. Use of personal Protective equipments, regular use of pre-procedural mouth rinses and high evacuation devices are few of the suggested methods to reduce risk of cross contamination especially through aerosols and splatters in the dental offices. The related articles were searched through PubMed and Google Scholar.
Analysis of Current COVID-19 Situations in Dental Practice among Karachi Population
Authors: Ahmed Naseer
Published: June 2020

Background: December 2019, marked the beginning of novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) from China (Wuhan), which hit the general population and healthcare systems, worldwide, as a pandemic. Karachi reported the first case of COVID-19 on February 26 2020 in a student returning from Iran. Currently, World Health Organization has put forward specific guidelines for dental practitioners. The primary objective of the study was to determine the practices of dental practitioners in Karachi in following the standard guidelines set by the World Health Organization.

Methods: In this, cross sectional questionnaire-based study, we have collected data from 111 dental practices through random sampling for analysis across Karachi, Pakistan. Structured questionnaire was designed comprising questions regarding knowledge, equipment, financial burden and procedures performed. Using SPSS version 25, descriptive analysis was executed on these variables. A multiple regression test was used to detect any relationship between them.

Results: Majority (55.3%) of the dentists were found aware of the standard guidelines regarding dental practices and treatment of patients during COVID-19 outbreak but implementation in practice has been a major dilemma. Shortage of equipments as well as financial crisis was the main causative factors. Non-emergency procedures (5%) are being performed as well as inadequate protective measures are being adapted.

Conclusion: According to the world standards, dental practices in Karachi should follow the standard guidelines put forward by world-renowned health organizations. Majority (p=0.44) of the dentists are aware of the standard guidelines, but lack of resources and financial instability are the primary factors affecting their dental practice.