bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategic Path Planning by Sequential Parametric Bayesian Decisions
Authors: Hyun Baro , Kabamba Pierre , Girard Anouck
Published: November 2013

The objective of this research is to generate a path for a mobile agent that carries sensors used for classification, where the path is to optimize strategic objectives that account for misclassification and the consequences of misclassification, and where the weights assigned to these consequences are chosen by a strategist. We propose a model that accounts for the interaction between the agent kinematics (i.e., the ability to move), informatics (i.e., the ability to process data to information), classification (i.e., the ability to classify objects based on the information), and strategy (i.e., the mission objective). Within this model, we pose and solve a sequential decision problem that accounts for strategist preferences and the solution to the problem yields a sequence of kinematic decisions of a moving agent. The solution of the sequential decision problem yields the following flying tactics: “approach only objects whose suspected identity matters to the strategy”. These tactics are numerically illustrated in several scenarios.
Informing Practice: Predicting Amounts of Change in Quantities
Authors: Johnson Heather Lynn
Published: November 2013

This research-based article discusses how predicting amounts of change in quantities can promote students' covariation perspective.
Palette of Problems – December 2013 / January 2014
Authors: Amidon Joel , Roscoe Matt
Published: November 2013

A monthly set of problems is aimed at a variety of ability levels.
If Only Clairaut Had Dynamic Geometry Tools
Authors: Chang Hyewon , Reys Barbara J.
Published: November 2013

Using Clairaut's historic-dynamic approach and dynamic geometry tools in middle school can develop students' conceptual understanding before they encounter formal proof in geometry.
Orange You Glad I DID Say “Fraction Division”?
Authors: Flores Alfinio , Priewe Melina D.
Published: November 2013

Students explore multiplicative comparisons and the meaning of remainders using their own concrete representations, including orange wedges.
CCSSM Challenge: Graphing Ratio and Proportion
Authors: Kastberg Signe E. , D'Ambrosio Beatriz S. , Lynch-Davis Kathleen , Mintos Alexia , Krawczyk Kathryn
Published: November 2013

A Cherry Syrup problem can build links between ratio and graphing.
Music Cards
Authors: Roche Anne , Clarke Doug M.
Published: November 2013

Students display a wide variety of creative mathematical thinking and misconceptions when they complete a classroom task that focuses on proportional reasoning.
Math for Real: Pythagorean Picture Hanging
Authors: Smith Reuel
Published: November 2013

The real-life tie-in this month involves using the Pythagorean theorem to hang pictures.
Efficacy of Non-Linear Approach in the Study of Ozone Layer Depletion
Authors: M. Ayub Khan Yousuf Zai  , M. Rashid Kamal Ansari  , Afaq Ahmed Siddiqui  , Faisal Ahmed Khan Afridi
Published: November 2013

The stratosphere is one of the constituents of thermal structure of the atmosphere. The maximum concentration of ozone is found at the stratospheric region where it is interacted by many species including chemical and physical processes. Atmosphere as a whole is an open system that is regarded as a non linear system and that seems to be complex. Therefore, a non-linear trend is plausible to explain phenomenon of ozone layer depletion (OLD).
In this manuscript we have paid our attention in the analysis of the major portion of historic data on stratospheric O3based on ground-based measurements by the Dobson Spectrophotometer. In this communication we have estimated parameters for describing non-linearity in the process using polynomial trend functions and predicted values are calculated for the period from 1960 to 1999. Future values for ozone depths are computed till 2006 and compared with the minor portion of the data set.
Lymphocytes from Peyer’s Patches and Mesenteric Lymph Nodes Proliferation in a Model of Oral and Systemic Sensitization with Ovalbumin
Authors: Miguel Vinuesa  , Norberto Bassan
Published: November 2013

Background: In previous works we demonstrated that subcutaneous sensitization with Ovalbumin (OVA) induce generation of specific IgE antibodies and modifications of immune cells populations in different mucosal sites in rabbit. The aim of the study was the evaluation of OVA specific lymphoproliferation in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), spleen and Peyer’s patch from OVA orally and subcutaneous sensitized and challenged rabbits.Methods: New Zealand white rabbits were divided into six groups: G1 (n=8): orally sensitized and challenged with OVA; G2 (n=10): subcutaneous sensitized with OVA and oral challenged (OVA); G3 (n=10): subcutaneous sensitized and oral challenged with PBS (phosphate buffer saline). G4-G5 and G6 (n=9 each) controls. Four hours after challenge animals were sacrificed and obtained samples were processed for lymphoproliferation studies: isolated cells from MLNs, spleen and Peyer’s patch from the different groups were suspended in culture media containing OVA or Concanavaline A and were cultured for 48, 72 and 120 hours. Proliferation was measured as incorporation of radioactive element as counts per minute (CPM).Results: Spleen derived lymphocytes showed important proliferation at subcutaneous sensitized groups when incubated with OVA. Meanwhile, proliferation was significantly higher in lymphocytes originated in MLNs from subcutaneous OVA sensitized and oral challenged rabbits at 48, 72 and 120 hours of incubation. No significant proliferation was observed in Peyer’s Patch derived lymphocytes.Conclusions: We conclude that proliferation of OVA-specific spleen originated lymphocytes was successful after systemic sensitization but after oral challenge with the antigen, only OVA incubated MLNs-originated lymphocytes showed proliferation as compared with Peyer’s patch. This fact evidence a main participation of MLNs in this model of food allergy.
Community Development and Collaboration at Salinas de Los Nueve Cerros, Guatemala
Authors: Skoy Woodfill Brent Kerry
Published: November 2013

Since its founding in 2009 at the behest of local leaders, Proyecto Salinas de los Nueve Cerros has had the dual goals of scientific research and community development. Due to the regional political landscape, the initial goal of community-run ecotourism had to be abandoned. In its stead, the project has been seeking high-impact, low-cost development initiatives in collaboration with local villagers. The initiatives have had mixed levels of success, with best results in providing resources for multi-family wells and in organizing an ongoing lecture and workshop series detailing the results of the archaeological project. Through trial and error, project members have learned multiple lessons that can help other similar projects in the future. (1) Community investment in the project is essential, (2) as is the presence of a development specialist who can lead the efforts, leaving archaeologists to do archaeology. (3) Both the project and the local residents must have realistic expectations regarding the time the initiatives take and how ambitious they can be. (4) All of the initiatives must be informed by problems the locals themselves identify, and (5) it is possible to positively impact the region.
Cultural Resources Priority Area Planning in Sub-Mogollon Arizona and New Mexico
Authors: Laurenzi Andy , Peeples Matthew A. , Doelle William H.
Published: November 2013

Regional planning is an essential element of comprehensive archaeological management programs. Most regional planning efforts in archaeology focus on predictive modeling to distinguish areas based on the likelihood of encountering archaeological resources. We discuss a complementary approach that uses known sites and expert opinion to identify spatially explicit cultural resource preservation priorities. Loosely analogous to biodiversity conservation planning, priority cultural resource assessments provide an evolving vision of an archaeological reserve network which, if managed appropriately, could protect a significant part of our cultural heritage. We outline an efficient approach to identifying spatially explicit Priority Areas within portions of Arizona and New Mexico. This information complements assessments of individual site eligibility for purposes of listing on the National Register of Historic Places by providing an added layer of regionally contextualized information at larger geographic scales. By establishing priorities, this information can also enhance cultural resource considerations in local, state, and federal land use planning. While our consideration of significance is based on the potential information content of the resource, we argue that this planning process can easily incorporate other cultural resource values and help to address preservation actions in support of this broader set of values.
Éléments pour la modélisation d’une pratique professionnelle d’intervention socio-éducative basée sur la collaboration École-Famille-Communauté
Authors: Couturier Yves , Lefebvre Chantal , Bilodeau Angèle , Bastien Robert
Published: November 2013

Cet article présente la modélisation d’une forme particulière de pratique communautaire école-famille-communauté, celle de l’intervenant communautaire-scolaire au centre d’une initiative intersectorielle d’un quartier multiculturel du nord de Montréal. Les résultats découlent d’une analyse qualitative réalisée sur un corpus de données documentaires, d’entrevues et de notes d’observation. Ils mettent en relief les dimensions et formes spécifiques du métier. Celui-ci est en continuité avec les métiers de l’animation sociale, avec pour spécificité un assemblage original de ces formes d’action dans une même initiative, notamment en raison de sa capacité à prendre en considération les conditions fondamentales d’une intervention socio-éducative.
Prévention précoce et intervention sociale
Authors: Guay Marie-Claude , Deslauriers Jean-Martin
Published: November 2013

Les programmes de prévention précoce suscitent des débats. Entre autres, des chercheurs dénoncent leur orientation normative et affirment qu’ils consistent en l’exercice d’un contrôle social envers les familles en contexte de vulnérabilité. Le présent article porte sur les pratiques de travailleuses sociales qui oeuvrent au sein des Services intégrés en périnatalité et pour la petite enfance (SIPPE). L’objectif principal de l’étude est de mieux comprendre les attitudes et stratégies qu’elles adoptent pour renforcer le pouvoir d’agir des parents tout en composant avec des contextes d’intervention qui impliquent l’exercice d’un certain contrôle social. Les résultats indiquent, entre autres, que les travailleuses sociales adoptent des attitudes de non-jugement et de tolérance et qu’elles font preuve d’empathie, qu’elles ajustent l’intervention aux besoins et au rythme des parents, les accompagnent dans leurs démarches et leur transmettent de l’information. Par contre, lorsque les travailleuses sociales sont inquiètes pour les enfants, elles se montrent plus directives et exercent davantage de contrôle à l’égard des parents. Une réflexion est proposée sur l’importance de la construction d’une relation égalitaire avec les parents tout en considérant que les inégalités de pouvoir font partie des rapports d’aide.
La dépendance aux Jeux de hasard et d’argent comme problème social
Authors: Suissa Amnon Jacob
Published: November 2013

Les essais de définition d’un problème social sont multiples et s’inscrivent dans des perspectives théoriques qui peuvent fortement varier selon les écoles de pensée, les contextes historiques, politiques, sociaux, les groupes d’intérêts et les acteurs en présence. Ainsi compris, et dans la mesure où un problème n’est reconnu officiellement comme social une fois qu’il a passé certaines phases: nombre de citoyens touchés par le problème en question, force ou faiblesse des liens sociaux, processus d’institutionnalisation, modalités de réaction sociale, etc. Nous tenterons de réfléchir et d’articuler certains liens entre des conditions considérées comme un problème social et les jeux de hasard et d’argent. Sans prétendre répondre à l’ensemble des interrogations que soulève cette question, un bref survol de certaines écoles de pensée dans la définition d’un problème social sera mis en relief dans un premier temps. En deuxième lieu, et afin de nuancer le processus de construction des dépendances, une illustration de la perspective psychosociale du cycle de la dépendance sera effectuée. En troisième lieu, le cas du phénomène des dépendances appliquées aux jeux de hasard et d’argent sera privilégié, en relevant certains enjeux au coeur de ce questionnement entourant ce qui constitue potentiellement un problème social. En guise de conclusion, des pistes de réflexion seront privilégiées dans une perspective d’analyse et de recherche future.
How only some rich countries recently set out to become more unequal
Authors: Dorling Danny
Published: November 2013

There is a widespread perception that income inequalities have grown across the rich world in recent decades. This is not the case. In many countries inequalities have been stable and in a few they have fallen. Different measures of inequality result in different trends being observed. Here the income share of the best-off 1% is tracked for some 11 countries out of the world’s richest 26 large nation states to illustrate that far from it being normal to see the rich always taking more, for much of the last century in almost all these countries it was normal for the income share of the rich to be falling, and in some their share remains low while in a few it has continued to fall. It is only in countries such as the USA, UK and Canada that the richest 1% are currently again taking historically high shares of national income, and where their take appears to have been rising in the last decade. In most Scandinavian countries, Germany, France and Japan the take of the best-off 1% is much lower. In the Netherlands and Switzerland the take of the best-off 1% is low and falling. This paper speculates a little as to why, and with what consequences. Data for China and India is included to aid comparisons with the majority world.
Theoretical model for sociological analysis
Authors: Pires Rui Pena
Published: November 2013

In this paper we propose a theoretical model for sociological analysis of general scope that respects the imperatives of abstractness, simplicity and multidimensionality. The model has two components: conceptual and methodological. The conceptual scheme consists of six categories defined in a matrix with three rows and two columns: the three relational levels of social organization (micro, meso and macro) and the two modes of relational patterning (factual and normative). In the methodological scheme are identified and characterized the three main modes of connection between these levels: by aggregation, structuring and power effects.
Reputation, market and territory: the case of architects
Authors: Borges Vera
Published: November 2013

This article offers some theoretical/empirical contributions to a preliminary discussion on the triad “reputation, market and territory”. It assesses the effects that reputation has on architects’ individual trajectories and the mechanisms involved in that process. The author seeks seek to show the extent to which “small forces”, collaborative networks and the specificity of published or built architectural works expand, or change reputational phenomena. She uses biographical interviews of architects to illustrate the variety of processes that play a part when individual reputations in the market for architectural services are analysed.
Review: Religião e Juventude. Os Novos Carismáticos [Flávio Munhoz Sofiati, 2011, São Paulo, Brasil, Editora Ideias & Letras / FAPESP]
Authors: Coutinho José
Published: November 2013

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The Probability of Guilt in Criminal Cases: Are People Aware of Being ‘Beyond Reasonable Doubt’?
Authors: Magnussen Svein , Eilertsen Dag Erik , Teigen Karl Halvor , Wessel Ellen
Published: November 2013

Data from a series of studies presenting video recorded witness statements to laypersons and legal professionals were examined to trace the relationship between judged probability of guilt and the willingness to vote guilty or not guilty in hypothetical trials, in the absence of specific jury instructions. The results show that a majority of jury‐eligible young and elderly participants, and police officers, were willing to convict a defendant when the judged probability of guilt exceeded .6. This is considerably below the legally accepted standard of ‘beyond reasonable doubt’, which usually is equated with a very high, around .9 perceived certainty. When jury deliberations were allowed, the threshold for conviction rose, approaching the standard evinced by trial judges under the same conditions. The results suggest that people prefer to vote for guilt according to a balance of probabilities principle, considering only the individual case, and disregarding the implied frequencies of false convictions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dependence of shear and concentration on fouling in a membrane bioreactor with rotating membrane discs
Authors: Jørgensen Mads K. , Pedersen Malene T. , Christensen Morten L. , Bentzen Thomas R.
Published: November 2013

Rotating ceramic membrane discs were fouled with lab‐scale membrane bioreactors (MBR) sludge. Sludge filtrations were performed at varying rotation speeds and in different concentric rings of the membranes on different sludge concentrations. Data showed that the back transport expressed by limiting flux increased with rotation speed and distance from membrane center as an effect of shear. Further, the limiting flux decreased with increasing sludge concentration. A model was developed to link the sludge concentration and shear stress to the limiting flux. The model was able to simulate the effect of shear stress and sludge concentration on the limiting flux. The model was developed by calculating the shear rate at laminar flow regime at different rotation speeds and radii on the membrane. Furthermore, through the shear rate and shear stress, the non‐Newtonian behavior of MBR sludge was addressed. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J 60: 706–715, 2014
Analysis of superheated loop heat pipes exploiting nanoporous wick membranes
Authors: Chen I‐Tzu , Pharkya Amit , Stroock Abraham D.
Published: November 2013

The design and analysis of plant‐inspired loop heat pipes (LHPs) that would exploit nanoporous membranes to allow for operation with large capillary pressures and superheated liquid are presented. The operating concepts of this superheated loop heat pipe (SHLHP) resemble the transpiration process in vascular plants: reduction of pressure in leaves drives sap flow up from the roots and overcomes gravity, viscous drag, and reduced chemical potential of water in subsaturated soils. We present a model for steady‐state operation and a linear response analysis of both the conventional and superheated designs. Our analysis shows that these SHLHPs could: (1) extend the limitations of conventional LHPs imposed by thermodynamic properties of the working fluid, (2) provide efficient heat transfer over long distances and against large accelerations, and (3) allow for operation in a subsaturated state that would eliminate the thermal resistance and entrainment effect of the liquid film of conventional designs. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J 60: 762–777, 2014
Evaluation of the prevalence and prospective clinical impact of the JAK2 V617F mutation in coronary patients
Authors: Muendlein Axel , Gasser Klaus , Kinz Elena , Stark Nicole , Leiherer Andreas , Rein Philipp , Saely Christoph H. , Grallert Harald , Peters Annette , Drexel Heinz , Lang Alois H.
Published: November 2013

The JAK2 V617F mutation is not only found in the majority of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), including essential thrombocythemia (ET), but also has been reported in individuals without overt MPN. A close relation of the JAK2 V617F mutation to atherothrombotic events has been described, at least in patients with MPN. The prevalence of the JAK2 V617F mutation and its clinical impact in coronary patients is unknown. To address this issue, DNA samples from 1,589 subjects undergoing coronary angiography with up to 11 years of follow up were genotyped using allele‐specific real‐time PCR assays. Prevalence of the JAK2 V617F mutation was 1.32% (n = 21) in coronary patients. Two JAK2 V617F positive patients showed baseline platelet counts indicative for ET and a third patient developed ET during follow up, finally resulting in a percentage of 0.188% of ET cases. This corresponds to an up to fivefold accumulation of ET cases in coronary patients compared with the general population. Our study showed no impact of the JAK2 V617F mutation on future atherothrombotic events or overall survival (HR = 1.04 [0.33–3.27]; P = 0.949 and HR = 0.35 [0.05–2.46]; P = 0.288, respectively). Therefore, our data suggest that JAK2 V617F positive coronary patients are not at increased risk for future atherothrombotic complications. Routine mutation screening in coronary patients is, therefore, not warranted. However, number of ET cases appears to be accumulated in coronary patients. For this reason, we recommend JAK2 V617F testing only in coronary patients showing abnormal blood cell counts for further clarification. Am. J. Hematol. 89:295–301, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diet and mobility in a late neolithic population of coastal oman inferred from radiocarbon dating and stable isotope analysis
Authors: Zazzo Antoine , Munoz Olivia , Saliège Jean‐François
Published: November 2013

In Oman, the presence of highly productive marine environments, coupled with relatively limited land resources, have led to intense exploitation of coastal resources, but the question of the seasonality of occupation of coastal sites remains open. Our aim is to evaluate the contribution of marine resources to the diet of the Neolithic population of Ra's al‐Hamra 5 (RH‐5) to shed new light on its mobility, using stable isotopes and radiocarbon (14C) dating as dietary tracers. Charcoal, shell, human bone and enamel apatite from eight contemporary graves were sampled. Graves are thought to provide the best chance to obtain marine and terrestrial remains that were contemporary with the human remains in order to calculate the marine reservoir effect (MRE) for this period. Inter‐individual variation in human bone apatite δ13C value is small, suggesting a homogenous diet. Bone apatite 14C ages are very close to the shell ages while enamel is significantly younger and plots near the charcoal ages. Older enamel ages were obtained when a stronger acetic treatment was used, demonstrating that the young ages are due to diagenetic alteration rather than a diachronic change in diet and that only bone apatite retained in vivo dietary signals. Bone ages indicate a heavy reliance on marine resources and it is therefore unlikely that the individuals analyzed here were leaving the coast seasonally, although mobility along the coast cannot be excluded. Am J Phys Anthropol 153:353–364, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Skeletal growth in early and late Neolithic foragers from the Cis‐Baikal region of Eastern Siberia
Authors: Temple Daniel H. , Bazaliiskii Vladimir I. , Goriunova Olga I. , Weber Andrzej W.
Published: November 2013

Skeletal growth is explored between Early Neolithic (EN) (8000 to 6800 BP) and Late Neolithic (LN) (6000 to 5200 BP) foragers from the Cis‐Baikal region of Eastern Siberia. Previous studies suggest that increased systemic stress and smaller adult body size characterize the EN compared to LN. On this basis, greater evidence for stunting and wasting is expected in the EN compared to LN. Skeletal growth parameters assessed here include femoral and tibial lengths, estimated stature and body mass, femoral midshaft cortical thickness, total bone thickness, and medullary width. Forward selection was used to fit polynomial lines to each skeletal growth parameter relative to dental age in the pooled samples, and standardized residuals were compared between groups using t tests. Standardized residuals of body mass and femoral length were significantly lower in the EN compared to LN sample, particularly from late infancy through early adolescence. However, no significant differences in the standardized residuals for cortical thickness, medullary width, total bone thickness, tibial length, or stature were found between the groups. Age ranges for stunting in femoral length and wasting in body mass are consistent with environmental perturbations experienced at the cessation of breast feeding and general resource insecurity in the EN compared to LN sample. Differences in relative femoral but not tibial length may be associated with age‐specific variation in growth‐acceleration for the distal and proximal limb segments. Similarity in cortical bone growth between the two samples may reflect the combined influences of systemic and mechanical factors on this parameter. Am J Phys Anthropol 153:377–386, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Environmental stress increases variability in the expression of dental cusps
Authors: Riga Alessandro , Belcastro Maria Giovanna , Moggi‐Cecchi Jacopo
Published: November 2013

Teeth are an important model for developmental studies but, despite an extensive literature on the genetics of dental development, little is known about the environmental influences on dental morphology. Here we test whether and to what extent the environment plays a role in producing morphological variation in human teeth. We selected a sample of modern human skulls and used dental enamel hypoplasia as an environmental stress marker to identify two groups with different stress levels, referred to as SG (“stressed” group) and NSG (“nonstressed” group). We collected data on the occurrence and the relative development of 15 morphological traits on upper molars using a standard methodology (ASU‐DAS system) and then we compared the frequencies of the traits in the two groups. Overall, the results suggest that (a) stressors like malnutrition and/or systemic diseases have a significant effect on upper molar morphology; (b) stress generates a developmental response which increases the morphological variability of the SG; and (c) the increase in variability is directional, since individuals belonging to the SG have more developed and extra cusps. These results are consistent with the expectations of the current model of dental development. Am J Phys Anthropol 153:397–407, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preparation of bioactive glycosylated glial cell‐line derived neurotrophic factor‐loaded microspheres for medical applications
Authors: Thumsing Saowapa , Israsena Nipan , Boonkrai Chatikorn , Supaphol Pitt
Published: November 2013

Poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA)‐coated gelatin microspheres containing glial cell‐line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) were developed by thermal gelation through a water‐in‐oil emulsion technique. Gelatin types (A and B) at four different pH levels were investigated for their influences on the morphology, the microsphere size, the zeta potential, and the swelling ability. The encapsulation of GDNF and the release characteristics of GDNF were also determined using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The maximum cumulative released amounts of GDNF from the microspheres were increased from 50 to 90% after 4 d (based on the actual amount of the GDNF). Thus, the release of the GDNF contents in the microspheres depends on the amount of GDNF. Trigeminal ganglion cells (TGCs) were used to study the bioactivity of GDNF released from the microspheres, which was proven to retain its bioactivity in promoting the TGCs' neurite outgrowth. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40167.
Diagnosing and modeling extra‐binomial variation for time‐dependent counts
Authors: Weiß Christian H. , Kim Hee‐Young
Published: November 2013

This article considers the modeling of count data time series with a finite range having extra‐binomial variation. We propose a beta‐binomial autoregressive model using the concept of random coefficient thinning. We discuss the stationarity conditions, derive the moments and autocovariance function and consider approaches for parameter estimation. Furthermore, we develop two new tests for detecting extra‐binomial variation, and we derive the asymptotic distributions of the test statistics under the null hypothesis of a binomial autoregressive model. The size and power performance of the two tests are analyzed under various alternatives taken from a beta‐binomial autoregressive model with Monte Carlo experiments. The article ends with a real‐data example about the Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices of the European Union. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonlinear pharmacokinetics of factor VIII and its phosphatidylinositol lipidic complex in hemophilia A mice
Authors: Kosloski Matthew P. , Pisal Dipak S. , Mager Donald E. , Balu‐Iyer Sathy V.
Published: November 2013

Factor VIII (FVIII) is an important cofactor in the blood coagulation cascade and its deficiency or dysfunction causes hemophilia A (HA), a bleeding disorder. Replacement with recombinant FVIII is limited by a short half‐life and the development of inhibitory antibodies. A phosphatidylinositol (PI) containing lipid nanoparticle was developed that, when associated with FVIII, reduces immunogenicity and prolongs circulation of the therapeutic protein in HA mice. A multiple dose level pharmacokinetic (PK) study of human free FVIII and its FVIII–PI complex over a clinically relevant range of doses (20, 40 and 200 IU/kg) was conducted in HA mice to investigate linearity of the PK and to determine if the reduced catabolism of FVIII following association with PI particles, previously only observed in the terminal phase following 400 IU/kg, could be extendable over a range of doses. The findings suggest that the disposition of FVIII is best characterized by a two‐compartment model with saturable Michaelis‐Menten elimination. Spontaneous complexation of FVIII with PI particles significantly increases plasma survival of the protein at 20 and 40 IU/kg doses. Human simulations at 40 IU/kg project an increase in the terminal half‐life and the time to reach a minimum therapeutic threshold of 0.01 IU/ml of 5.4 h and 40 h, respectively, compared with free FVIII. Formulation with PI containing lipid particles may represent a viable delivery strategy for improving FVIII therapy. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Confidence interval estimation of the difference between two sensitivities to the early disease stage
Authors: Dong Tuochuan , Kang Le , Hutson Alan , Xiong Chengjie , Tian Lili
Published: November 2013

Although most of the statistical methods for diagnostic studies focus on disease processes with binary disease status, many diseases can be naturally classified into three ordinal diagnostic categories, that is normal, early stage, and fully diseased. For such diseases, the volume under the ROC surface (VUS) is the most commonly used index of diagnostic accuracy. Because the early disease stage is most likely the optimal time window for therapeutic intervention, the sensitivity to the early diseased stage has been suggested as another diagnostic measure. For the purpose of comparing the diagnostic abilities on early disease detection between two markers, it is of interest to estimate the confidence interval of the difference between sensitivities to the early diseased stage. In this paper, we present both parametric and non‐parametric methods for this purpose. An extensive simulation study is carried out for a variety of settings for the purpose of evaluating and comparing the performance of the proposed methods. A real example of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is analyzed using the proposed approaches.
Determination of amlodipine using terbium‐sensitized luminescence in the presence of europium(III) as a co‐luminescence reagent
Authors: Al‐Kindy Salma M. Z. , Al‐Snedi Abdalla , Suliman Fakhr Eldin O. , Al‐Lawati Haidar A. J.
Published: November 2013

A sensitive time‐resolved luminescence method for the determination of amlodipine (AM) in methanol and in aqueous solution is described. The method is based on the luminescence sensitization of terbium (Tb3+) by formation of a ternary complex with AM in the presence of tri‐n‐octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) as co‐ligand, dodecylbenzenesulfate as surfactant and europium ion as a co‐luminescence reagent. The signal for Tb–AM–TOPO is monitored at λex = 242 nm and λem = 550 nm. Optimum conditions for the formation of the complex in aqueous system were 0.015 m Tris (hydroxylmethyl) amino methane buffer, pH 9.0, TOPO (1.0 × 10–4 m), Eu3+ (2.0 × 10–7 m), dodecylbenzenesulfate (0.14%) and 6.0 × 10–5 m of Tb3+, which allows the determination of 10–50 ppb of AM with a limit of detection of 1.2 ppb. The relative standard deviations of the method range between 0.1 and 0.2% indicated excellent reproducibility of the method. The proposed method was successfully applied for the assay of AM in pharmaceutical formulations and in plasma samples. Average recoveries of 98.5 ± 0.2% and 95.2 ± 0.2% were obtained for AM in tablet and plasma samples respectively. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A proposal for teaching undergraduate chemistry students carbohydrate biochemistry by problem‐based learning activities
Authors: Figueira Angela C. M. , Rocha Joao B. T.
Published: November 2013

This article presents a problem‐based learning (PBL) approach to teaching elementary biochemistry to undergraduate students. The activity was based on “the foods we eat.” It was used to engage students' curiosity and to initiate learning about a subject that could be used by the future teachers in the high school. The experimental activities (8–12 hours) were related to the questions: (i) what does the Benedict's Reagent detect? and (ii) What is determined by glucose oxidase (GOD)? We also ask the students to compare the results with those obtained with the Lugol reagent, which detects starch. Usually, students inferred that the Benedict reagent detects reducing sugars, while GOD could be used to detect glucose. However, in GOD assay, an open question was left, because the results could be due to contamination of the sugars (particularly galactose) with glucose. Though not stressed, GOD does not oxidize the carbohydrates tested and all the positive results are due to contamination. The activities presented here can be easily done in the high school, because they are simple and non‐expensive. Furthermore, in the case of Benedict reaction, it is possible to follow the reduction of Cu (II) “macroscopically” by following the formation of the brick‐orange precipitate. The concrete observation of a chemical reaction can motivate and facilitate students understanding about chemistry of life. © 2013 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 42(1):81–87, 2014
Intertwined ambiguities: Meat,in vitromeat, and the ideological construction of the marketplace
Authors: Chiles Robert M.
Published: November 2013

Political stakeholders play a critical role in the cultural construction of the marketplace, and consumers often look to them for guidance in framing ambiguous cultural and scientific issues. Unfortunately, however, the existing consumer culture literature usually focuses on consumers' use of ideology while neglecting stakeholders' ideological orientations. In order to address this gap, I ask two questions: First, how do stakeholders draw upon ideology in order to make sense of ambiguous goods and of the extant and potential reactions of consumers to these goods? Second, what are the potential political consequences of stakeholders' ideological commitments vis‐a‐vis supporters and outside audiences? I explore these questions by interviewing agrifood system stakeholders on the subject ofin vitromeat, a nascent technology whereby meat is produced through stem cell cultures. Although ideology serves as a useful tool with which stakeholders can navigate labyrinth‐like cultural conundrums, stakeholders' ideological positions can also result in ambiguities, ironies, and incongruities. By investigating the beginnings of a potential consumer controversy, this study illuminates how ideology operates as an epistemic resource for political claims‐makers and how stakeholders' ideological commitments can result in either rewards or repercussions from allies and consumers. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Homicide offenders 32 years later – A Swedish population‐based study on recidivism
Authors: Sturup Joakim , Lindqvist Per
Published: November 2013

Background

The literature on recidivism by homicide offenders is scarce despite its importance for individuals and for society.

Aims

To establish the rate of seriously violent re‐offending among homicide offenders and identify risk factors for such recidivism.

Methods

A 1970s incident cohort of all homicide offenders, sane and insane, from two regions of Sweden (N = 153) was followed up until 2007 using data from the national crime register.

Results

Ten per cent of the cohort (n = 15) re‐offended. The mean time from index offence to recidivism was 9.4 years. Five people (3%) committed a further homicide, and it was established that another five (3%) offenders had killed before the index offence. Prospective risk factors for violent recidivism were young age, psychotic disorder, male victim, acquainted victim and intoxicated victim.

Conclusions

The prevalence of repeated homicide is higher than previously reported. Victim variables and mental disorder in conjunction with substance abuse appear to be two domains of particular significance for recidivism. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel GATA6 mutation in a child with congenital heart malformation and neonatal diabetes
Authors: Eifes Serge , Chudasama Kishan K. , Molnes Janne , Wagner Kerstin , Hoang Tuyen , Schierloh Ulrike , Rocour‐Brumioul Danielle , Johansson Stefan , Njølstad Pål R. , de Beaufort Carine
Published: November 2013

Key Clinical Message

Diabetes in neonates is a monogenetic disease and genetic analysis is warranted to allow best treatment, prognosis, and genetic counseling. Transcription factor mutations may have a variable expression and different organs may be involved.
Bayesian predictive modeling and comparison of oil samples
Authors: Blomstedt Paul , Gauriot Romain , Viitala Niina , Reinikainen Tapani , Corander Jukka
Published: November 2013

Statistical comparison of oil samples is an integral part of oil spill identification, which deals with the process of linking an oil spill with its source of origin. In current practice, a frequentist hypothesis test is often used to evaluate evidence in support of a match between a spill and a source sample. As frequentist tests are only able to evaluate evidence against a hypothesis but not in support of it, we argue that this leads to unsound statistical reasoning. Moreover, currently only verbal conclusions on a very coarse scale can be made about the match between two samples, whereas a finer quantitative assessment would often be preferred. To address these issues, we propose a Bayesian predictive approach for evaluating the similarity between the chemical compositions of two oil samples. We derive the underlying statistical model from some basic assumptions on modeling assays in analytical chemistry, and to further facilitate and improve numerical evaluations, we develop analytical expressions for the key elements of Bayesian inference for this model. The approach is illustrated with both simulated and real data and is shown to have appealing properties in comparison with both standard frequentist and Bayesian approaches. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recent developments of chemical multiway calibration methodologies with second‐order or higher‐order advantages
Authors: Wu Hai‐Long , Li Yong , Yu Ru‐Qin
Published: November 2013

Developments in chemical multiway calibration methodologies in chemometrics that have taken place in tune with advances in modern (hyphenated) analytical instrumentation have been reviewed in this article. These advances in the ability to predict the concentration of an analyte using information‐rich data collected from such instruments are outstanding examples of the philosophy of analytical method development outlined by Bruce R. Kowalski more than three decades ago. With the increase in the complexity of analytical objects, sophistication in analytical instrumentation has also been enhanced. Chemometrics classifies analytical instruments as zeroth‐order, first‐order, second‐order, and higher‐order according to the order of data that the instrument produces. Different multiway calibration methodologies have been developed to calibrate the instrument and predict the concentration of analytes. In this review, select works of Kowalski and co‐workers in the context of second‐order calibrations, as well as other recent developments in multiway calibration, especially the three‐way and four‐way calibrations, which preserve the second‐order or high‐order advantages, are highlighted. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CuIIGdIII Cryogenic Magnetic Refrigerants and Cu8Dy9 Single‐Molecule Magnet Generated by In Situ Reactions of Picolinaldehyde and Acetylpyridine: Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Liu Jun‐Liang , Lin Wei‐Quan , Chen Yan‐Cong , Gómez‐Coca Silvia , Aravena Daniel , Ruiz Eliseo , Leng Ji‐Dong , Tong Ming‐Liang
Published: November 2013

A series of heterometallic [LnIIIxCuIIy] complexes, [Gd2Cu2]n (1), [Gd4Cu8] (2), [Ln9Cu8] (Ln=Gd, 3⋅Gd; Ln=Dy, 3⋅Dy), were successfully synthesized by a one‐pot route at room temperature with three kinds of in situ carbonyl‐related reactions: Cannizzaro reaction, aldol reaction, and oxidation. This strategy led to dysprosium analogues that behaved as single‐molecule magnets (SMMs) and gadolinium analogues that showed significant magnetocaloric effect (MCE). In this study a numerical DFT approach is proposed by using pseudopotentials to calculate the exchange coupling constants in three polynuclear [GdxCuy] complexes; with these values exact diagonalization or quantum Monte Carlo simulations have been performed to calculate the variation of the magnetic entropy involved in the MCE. For the [Dy9Cu8] complexes, local magnetic properties of the DyIII centers have been determined by using the CASSCF+RASSI method.
ChemInform Abstract: Au10Mo4Zn89: A Fully Ordered Complex Intermetallic Compound Analyzed by TOPOS.
Authors: Jana Partha P. , Pankova Arina A. , Lidin Sven
Published: November 2013

The title compound is synthesized from the elements (silica ampule, 1273 K for 2 h followed by annealing at 703 K for 5 d) and characterized by single crystal XRD, EDX, and TB‐LMTO‐ASA calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: High Efficient White‐Light in Sb3+/Mn2+ Co‐Doped P2O5—Li2O—Al2O3 Glass.
Authors: Ming Chengguo , Song Feng , Ren Xiaobin , An Liqun
Published: November 2013

Sb3+/Mn2+ co‐doped phosphate glasses of the composition 50P2O5‐20CaO‐10ZnO‐ (10‐x)Al2O3‐10Sb2O3‐xMnO (mol%, x = 0, 2, 4, 6) are obtained from melts of NH4H2PO4, CaCO3, ZnCO3, Al2O3, Sb2O3, and MnCO3 (corundum crucible, 1350 °C, 3 h; contrary to the title no Li content or source is mentioned in the experimental part).
ChemInform Abstract: Antifungal Variant Bis(bibenzyl)s from the Liverwort Asterella angusta.
Authors: Qu Jian‐Bo , Sun Ling‐Mei , Lou Hong‐Xiang
Published: November 2013

Two antifungal bis(bibenzyl)s, riccardin I (I), and angustatin A (II), are isolated from the title plant.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Active Mononuclear NAC—Gold(I) Catalysts.
Authors: Jaimes Blanco Maria Camila , Boehling Constantin R. N. , Serrano‐Becerra Juan Manuel , Hashmi A. Stephen K.
Published: November 2013

Newly synthesized gold‐catalyst ANAC is tested in two cyclization reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Suzuki—Miyaura Couplings in Green Solvents.
Authors: Ramgren Stephen D. , Hie Liana , Ye Yuxuan , Garg Neil K.
Published: November 2013

Yields are determined by NMR‐analysis of the crude reaction products using an internal standard.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient, Durable and Reusable Olefin Metathesis Catalysts with High Affinity to Silica Gel.
Authors: Skowerski Krzysztof , Kasprzycki Piotr , Bieniek Michal , Olszewski Tomasz K.
Published: November 2013

Newly synthesized Scorpio type olefin metathesis catalysts with very high affinity to silica gel are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct C—H Amination of Arenes with Alkyl Azides under Rhodium Catalysis.
Authors: Shin Kwangmin , Baek Yunjung , Chang Sukbok
Published: November 2013

The Rh‐catalyzed treatment of arenes bearing chelating groups with benzyl and alkyl azides provides a new and straightforward approach to diverse aromatic amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Tetrahydrofurans via a 5‐endo‐tet Cyclization of Aziridines — Synthesis of (—)‐Pachastrissamine.
Authors: Lin Chen‐Wei , Liu Sin‐Wei , Hou Duen‐Ren
Published: November 2013

The 5‐endo‐tet cyclization/ring opening of aziridine (I) proceeds smoothly in the presence of HF/MeCN to afford tetrahydrofuran (II), which in turn is further elaborated to ent‐(‐)‐pachastrissamine (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Spirocyclic Indoles by Interruption of the Bischler—Napieralski Reaction.
Authors: Medley Jonathan , Movassaghi Mohammad
Published: November 2013

Treatment of N‐acyltryptamines with triflic anhydride and 2‐chloropyridine generates spiroindoleninium ions which undergo inter‐ or intramolecular addition at C2 by nucleophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective sp2—sp3 Cross‐Couplings: Iron‐Catalyzed Alkyl Transfer to Dihaloaromatics.
Authors: Malhotra Sushant , Seng Pamela S. , Koenig Stefan G. , Deese Alan J. , Ford Kevin A.
Published: November 2013

Iron catalyzed coupling of dihaloarenes with alkyl Grignard reagents proceeds with high chemoselectivity to give monoalkylated and mixed dialkylated products.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of the Tetracyclic Framework of the Aromatic Erythrina Alkaloids from Simple Furans.
Authors: Kalaitzakis Dimitris , Montagnon Tamsyn , Antonatou Eirini , Vassilikogiannakis Georgios
Published: November 2013

A new and efficient one‐pot four step sequence allows the synthesis of erythrinanes (III) and (IV) from furyl aldehyde (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Anticancer Evaluation of Novel Clubbed Triazolyl Indenoisoquinoline as Topoisomerase I Inhibitors.
Authors: Baviskar B. A. , Khadabadi S. S. , Deore S. L. , Shiradkar M. R.
Published: November 2013

Compounds (I), (V), (VIII), and (XII) potentially inhibit DNA topoisomerase I.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Bis‐benzoquinoline Derivatives Catalyzed by Iodine via Ring‐Opening of Furan.
Authors: Chen Dong‐Sheng , Li Yu‐Ling , Liu Yun , Wang Xiang‐Shan
Published: November 2013

A novel and efficient method for the synthesis of the title derivatives by using a three component reaction under mild reaction conditions is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Tetrahydropyrido[4,5‐d][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐a]‐pyrimidin‐4‐ones with Activated Alkynes. Synthesis of [1,2,4]Triazolo[1,5:1,2]pyrimido[4,5‐d]azocines.
Authors: Voskressensky L. G. , Borisova T. N. , Ovcharov M. V. , Sorokina E. A. , Khrustalev V. N. , Varlamov A. V.
Published: November 2013

Reaction of readily available tetrahydropyridotriazolopyrimidines (III) with activated alkynes in refluxing MeOH affords the title triazolopyrimidoazocines (V) via a tandem expansion of the tetrahydropyridine ring.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Tetrazolodiazepines by a Five‐Centered Four‐Component Azide Ugi Reaction. Scope and Limitations.
Authors: Borisov R. S. , Polyakov A. I. , Medvedeva L. A. , Guranova N. I. , Voskressensky L. G.
Published: November 2013

Efficient syntheses of tetrazolodiazepines are achieved by the title multicomponent reaction of aliphatic ketones, sodium azide, ammonium chloride, and isonitriles.
ChemInform Abstract: Light‐Induced O‐Glycosylation of Unprotected Deoxythioglycosyl Donors.
Authors: Nakanishi Mayuka , Takahashi Daisuke , Toshima Kazunobu
Published: November 2013

The O‐glycosylation of several deoxythioglycosides such as (I) and alcohols using DDQ under UV‐irradiation is realized using a single electron transfer mechanism.