bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oficinas terapêuticas para hábitos de vida saudável: um relato de experiência
Authors: Soares Amanda Nathale , Reinaldo Amanda Márcia dos Santos
Published: June 2010

As oficinas delineiam um percurso intrínseco ao desenvolvimento paradigmático acerca da loucura, situando-se no rol das tecnologias de cuidados sob distintas perspectivas no progresso histórico-cronológico. Trata-se de um relato de experiência decorrente do projeto de extensão denominado "Oficinas terapêuticas para hábitos de vida saudável no Centro de Convivência Arthur Bispo do Rosário". Tem como objetivo subsidiar uma reflexão teórico-crítica acerca da aproximação principiológica e prática entre oficinas terapêuticas e educação em saúde, segundo as tendências contemporâneas que regem ambas. Observa-se que a contemplação dessas perspectivas permite a percepção das singularidades e histórias de vida dos portadores de transtorno mental. O desenvolvimento das oficinas reafirmou a relevância, a essencialidade e a eficácia dessa metodologia na abordagem aos portadores de transtorno mental. Denota-se que um espaço dialógico, construído entre a discente e os usuários, possibilita a essa o desenvolvimento crítico-reflexivo e a estes a crescente expressão de particularidades.
Countertransference in the initial visit of women victims of sexual violence
Authors: Eizirik Mariana , Schestatsky Sidnei , Kruel Letícia , Ceitlin Lúcia Helena Freitas
Published: June 2010

OBJECTIVE: To identify demographic and clinical correlates associated with therapists' countertransference feelings on the first visit of women victims of sexual violence. METHOD: Forty patients were seen by 26 therapists, during 2 consecutive years, at the Center for the Study and Treatment of Psychological Trauma, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Brazil. After the first visit with the patient, the therapist completed the Assessment of Countertransference Scale and the patient was evaluated with the Davidson Trauma Scale, the Standardized Assessment of Personality - Abbreviated Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Defense Style Questionnaire. RESULTS:The therapists showed a predominance of feelings of closeness (Mean = 5.42, SD = 1.25) in relation to the feelings of indifference (Mean = 1.82, SD = 1.22) and distance (Mean = 1.57, SD = 1.08) [p < 0.001]. Multivariate analyses did not present significant associations between countertransference feelings and clinical characteristics of patients. The gender of the therapists did not influence the pattern of countertransference feelings. In the subgroup of female therapists, we detected an inverse correlation between a higher probability of patients' personality disorders and feelings of closeness in the therapists. CONCLUSION: We did not detect a differential pattern of countertransference feelings associated with specific clinical characteristics. Therapists of both genders presented a similar pattern of feelings of empathy towards women victims of sexual violence, although the gender of the therapist may moderate the feelings evoked by patients with increased likelihood of personality disorders.
Dificultades de los estudiantes universitarios en el aprendizaje de la inducción electromagnética
Authors: Guisasola Jenaro , Almudí José M. , Zuza Kristina
Published: June 2010

Este trabajo trata de las concepciones de los estudiantes de primer y tercer curso de universidad sobre la teoría de inducción electromagnética. En esta investigación analizamos la parte de la física correspondiente a la ley de Faraday de la inducción electromagnética dentro de la física clásica. La pregunta de investigación que ha orientado el trabajo es: ¿cuáles son las concepciones y formas de razonamiento de los estudiantes universitarios de ciencias e ingeniería sobre la inducción electromagnética? Hemos encontrado que muy pocos estudiantes son capaces de explicar dichos fenómenos de acuerdo con el modelo de la física clásica tanto en términos de campo (nivel macroscópico), como en términos de las acciones ejercidas por el campo (nivel microscópico).
Uma breve biografia de Stephen Gray (1666-1736)
Authors: Boss Sergio Luiz Bragatto , Caluzi João José
Published: June 2010

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma breve biografia de Stephen Gray, com dados sobre a vida pessoal, sobre os trabalhos e sobre o relacionamento deste pesquisador com a comunidade científica da sua época - início do século XVIII. Ao mesmo tempo o trabalho apresenta algumas dificuldades encontradas pelos pesquisadores para se elaborar uma biografia deste intrigante personagem das pesquisas em eletrostática, e apresenta também informações aos leitores sobre como localizar fontes de pesquisa em história da ciência disponíveis na internet.
Prevalence of Dental Anomalies in a Population of Cleft Lip and Palate Patients
Authors: Jamal Ghaida A. Ai , Hazza'a Abdalla M. , Rawashdeh Ma'amon A.
Published: June 2010

Objective

The aim of our study was to investigate radiographically the prevalence of dental anomalies in a group of Jordanian cleft lip and/or palate subjects.

Design

This is a retrospective review of panoramic radiographs of 78 subjects with cleft lip and/or palate that were evaluated from their file records and investigated for possible dental anomalies.

Results

Dental anomalies were found frequently in cleft lip and/or palate subjects. Missing teeth were found in 66.7% of the patients; the tooth most commonly missing was the maxillary lateral incisor. Supernumerary teeth were found in 16.7% of patients; 37% had microdontia; 70.5% had taurodontism; 30.8% had transposition and/or ectopic teeth; 19.2% had dilacerations; and 30.8% had hypoplastic teeth. There was no statistically significant difference in the above anomalies’ prevalence between males and females. However, it was found that subjects with bilateral cleft lip and/or palate had significantly more microdontia ( p = .005), dilaceration ( p = .002), and hypoplastic teeth ( p = .0001) than subjects with unilateral cleft lip and/or palate.

Conclusions

The prevalence of dental anomalies in cleft lip and/or palate patients was higher than what had been reported in the normal Jordanian population. This emphasizes the relation of cleft lip and/or palate to all dental anomalies studied. Although our study represents a thorough and complete description of dental anomalies present in a sample of cleft lip and/or palate subjects, larger samples are required to effectively determine the relationship of each dental anomaly with cleft type.
The Effect of Massachusetts' Health Reform on Employer-Sponsored Insurance Premiums
Authors: Cogan John F , Hubbard R. Glenn , Kessler Daniel
Published: June 2010

In this paper, we use publicly available data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey - Insurance Component (MEPS-IC) to investigate the effect of Massachusetts' health reform plan on employer-sponsored insurance premiums. We tabulate premium growth for private-sector employers in Massachusetts and the United States as a whole for 2004 - 2008. We estimate the effect of the plan as the difference in premium growth between Massachusetts and the United States between 2006 and 2008that is, before versus after the planover and above the difference in premium growth for 2004 to 2006. We find that health reform in Massachusetts increased single-coverage employer-sponsored insurance premiums by about 6 percent, or $262. Although our research design has important limitations, it does suggest that policy makers should be concerned about the consequences of health reform for the cost of private insurance.
Metals distribution and particle size analysis in water and sediment of the Djetinja river and Dragica spring (Serbia)
Authors: Kiurski Jelena , Vucinic-Vasic Milica , Aksentijevic Snezana , Kozmidis-Luburic Uranija , Vojinovic-Miloradov Mirjana
Published: June 2010

This paper reports the results on total metal concentration (Al, Fe, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn) in water and sediment of the Djetinja river basin in the area of western Serbia. Samples were collected in spring season. Based on the comparison of the concentrations of all analyzed metals it is possible to differentiate two zones: zone I (sampling sites 1-4), affected by the discharge of the Dragica spring, and zone II (sites 5-8), affected by the confluence of the Dragica spring with the Djetinja river. The analysis of suspended solid particle size in water as well as in sediment samples were performed in size range 0.02-2000 mm and a positive correlation was found with the concentration of aluminium, zinc, iron and nickel in water samples. The study of particle size and metals distribution through the river basin of the Djetinja was a useful tool for getting information about the distribution degree of the polluting agents, and their possible evolution growth and pollution sources. The research of metals distribution and particle size analysis in water and sediment of the Djetinja river and Dragica spring (Serbia) was conducted for the first time.
The Effects of Executives on Corporate Tax Avoidance
Authors: Dyreng Scott D. , Hanlon Michelle , Maydew Edward L.
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACT: This study investigates whether individual top executives have incremental effects on their firms’ tax avoidance that cannot be explained by characteristics of the firm. To identify executive effects on firms’ effective tax rates, we construct a data set that tracks the movement of 908 executives across firms over time. Results indicate that individual executives play a significant role in determining the level of tax avoidance that firms undertake. The economic magnitude of the executive effects on tax avoidance is large. Moving between the top and bottom quartiles of executives results in approximately an 11 percent swing in GAAP effective tax rates; thus, executive effects appear to be an important determinant in firms’ tax avoidance.
Intangible Returns, Accruals, and Return Reversal: A Multiperiod Examination of the Accrual Anomaly
Authors: Resutek Robert J.
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACT: Prior studies employ a two-period empirical model and interpret the negative association between accruals in period one and returns in period two as evidence that investors misprice the information contained in accruals. In contrast to prior studies, I employ a three-period log-linear model decomposed from a firm’s book-to-market ratio and show that investors do not misprice the information contained in accruals. My study shows that in the four-year period prior to accrual recognition, equity prices tend to be driven disproportionately by intangible returns, or returns not explained by accounting measures. Accordingly, the relation between prior period intangible returns and future period returns subsumes the relation between current period accruals and future returns. In addition, I link the accrual anomaly and the value/growth anomaly to a common economic mechanism (intangible returns) and show that a strong negative relation between external financing activities and future returns is not subsumed by the accrual anomaly.
Performance of Different Polishing Techniques for Direct CAD/CAM Ceramic Restorations
Authors: Flury S. , Lussi A. , Zimmerli B.
Published: June 2010

Clinical Relevance

VITA Mark II and IPS Empress CAD specimens polished with Sof-Lex discs exhibit smoother surfaces than glazed specimens. The investigated ceramic polishing systems are universally applicable and show increased durability, but they do not result in smoother surfaces than Sof-Lex treatment. Furthermore, certain steps of some polishing methods do not contribute to improved smoothness and could be omitted.
Test-beds for Molecular Electronics: Metal–Molecules–Metal Junctions Based on Hg Electrodes
Authors: Simeone Felice Carlo , Rampi Maria Anita
Published: June 2010

Junctions based on mesoscopic Hg electrodes are used to characterize the electrical properties of the organic molecules organized in self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). The junctions M-SAM//SAM-Hg are formed by one electrode based on metals (M) such as Hg, Ag, Au, covered by a SAM, and
by a second electrode always formed by a Hg drop carrying also a SAM. The electrodes, brought together by using a micromanipulator, sandwich SAMs of different nature at the contact area (?0.7 ?m2). The high versatility of the system allows a series of both electrical and electrochemical
junctions to be assembled and characterized: i) The compliant nature of the Hg electrodes allows incorporation into the junction and measurement of the electrical behavior of a large number of molecular systems and correlation of their electronic structure to the electrical behavior; ii) by
functionalizing both electrodes with SAMs exposing different functional groups, X and Y, it is possible to compare the rate of electron transfer through different X···Y molecular interactions; iii) when the junction incorporates one of the electrode formed by a semitransparent
film of Au, it allows electrical measurements under irradiation of the sandwiched SAMs. In this case the junction behaves as a photoswitch; iv) incorporation of redox centres with low lying, easily reachable energy levels, provides electron stations as indicated by the hopping mechanism dominating
the current flow; v) electrochemical junctions incorporating redox centres by both covalent and electrostatic interactions permit control of the potential of the electrodes with respect to that of the redox state by means of an external reference electrode. Both these junctions show an electrical
behavior similar to that of conventional diodes, even though the mechanism generating the current flow is different. These systems, demonstrating high mechanical stability and reproducibility, easy assembly, and a wide variety of produced results, are convenient test-beds for molecular electronics
and represent a useful complement to physics-based experimental methods.
Charge Transport with Single Molecules – An Electrochemical Approach
Authors: Li Chen , Mishchenko Artem , Pobelov Ilya , Wandlowski Thomas
Published: June 2010

After an introduction and brief review of charge transport in nanoscale molecular systems we report on experimental studies in gold | (single) molecule | gold junctions at solid | liquid interfaces employing a scanning tunneling microscopy (STM)-based 'break junction' technique. We
demonstrate attempts in developing basic relationships between molecular structure, conductance properties and nanoscale electrochemical concepts based on four case studies from our own work. In experiments with ?, ?-alkanedithiol and biphenyldithiol molecular junctions we address
the role of sulfur-gold couplings and molecular conformation, such as gauche defects in the alkyl chains and the torsion angle between two phenyl rings. Combination with quantum chemistry calculations enabled a detailed molecular-level understanding of the electronic structure and transport
characteristics of both systems. Employing the concept of 'electrolyte gating' with redox-active molecules, such as thiol-terminated derivatives of viologens (HS-6V6-SH or (HS-6V6)) we demonstrate the construction of symmetric and asymmetric active molecular junctions with transistor- or diode-like
behavior upon polarization in an electrochemical environment. The experimental data could be represented quantitatively by the Kutznetsov/Ulstrup model assuming a two-step electron transfer with partial vibration relaxation. Finally, we show that surface-immobilized gold nanoparticles with
a diameter of (2.4 ± 0.5) nm exhibit features of locally addressable multi-state electronic switching upon electrolyte gating, which appears to be reminiscent of a sequential charging through several 'oxidation/reduction states'.
Curating Intangible Cultural Heritage
Authors: Ballard Linda-May
Published: June 2010

This article discusses a range of pragmatic issues associated with curating intangible cultural heritage, including collection, preservation, interpretation, presentation and representation. It uses as a case study work undertaken with Lough Neagh eel fishermen in preparation for and at the Smithsonian Folklife Festival in 2007, setting this in a much wider curatorial context.
Action Speaks Louder Than Words?
Authors: Torsello Davide
Published: June 2010

This article argues that trust cannot be easily isolated as a form of social interaction without the risk of overseeing the nuance between practices and ideas. Using a case study of a rural community in post-socialist Slovakia, the author examines how trust and trustworthiness are built and applied under conditions of profound social transformation. Following mainstream anthropological approaches to post-socialism, he shows that this transformation has deeply affected the patterns of local social interaction. Moreover, following Slovakia's recent EU accession, increased social and work mobility have further complicated the picture. If trust remains a crucial idea underpinning individual social choices, cognitive constructions of trustworthiness tend to diverge from practices. This is due, among other factors, to the difficulty of calibrating spatial and temporal mental models of trustworthiness with trust as social action.
Identity Politics and Migration
Authors: Čiubrinskas Vytis
Published: June 2010

The Centre of Social Anthropology (CSA) at Vytautas Magnus University (VMU) in Kaunas has coordinated projects on this, including a current project on 'Retention of Lithuanian Identity under Conditions of Europeanisation and Globalisation: Patterns of Lithuanian-ness in Response to Identity Politics in Ireland, Norway, Spain, the UK and the US'. This has been designed as a multidisciplinary project. The actual expressions of identity politics of migrant, 'diasporic' or displaced identity of Lithuanian immigrants in their respective host country are being examined alongside with the national identity politics of those countries.
Memorialising Europe
Authors: Margry Peter Jan
Published: June 2010

In the economic and political unification process of Europe, the idea of the creation of a pan-European identity was put high on the political agenda. With the failure of this effort, the emphasis shifted to the apparently less fraught concept of 'shared cultural heritage'. This article analyses how the politically guided rediscovery of Europe's past has contributed to the creation of a 'Religion of Heritage', not only by raising up a political altar for cultural heritage, but also through the revitalisation, instrumentalisation and transformation of the Christian heritage, in order to try to memorialise and affirm a collective European identity based on its Christian past. In the context of this process, the network of European pilgrims' ways appears to have been an especially successful performative form of heritage creation, which has both dynamised Christian roots as a relevant trans-European form of civil religion that has taken shape, capitalising on the new religious and spiritual demands created by secularisation, and responded to the demand for shared - and Christian inspired - European values and meanings in times of uncertainty and crisis.
Literary Readings as Performance
Authors: Wulff Helena
Published: June 2010

Drawing on an anthropological study of the social organisation of the world of Irish writers, this article investigates the literary reading as performance which has become central for the career and promotion of contemporary writers. How is the reading - live as well as recorded - constituted, and how is it experienced from the writer's point of view? The data are derived from participant observation and interviews at literary festivals and conferences, writers' retreats, book launches and more informal situations with writers, as well as from fiction and essays by the writers. For this article, I asked some of the writers to write short texts on the reading. It turned out that the frames of the reading as performance reach beyond the reading event, and also that a reading includes elements of risk, such as not attracting a big enough audience or performing badly. Finally, the article considers the changing role of the ethnographer.
Corruption in the Context of the European Welfare State
Authors: Haller Dieter
Published: June 2010

This essay explores what Ethnologie (social and cultural anthropology) can contribute to the study of corruption. It firstly lays bare basic approaches of the study of corruption by conventional political and social sciences and influential political agents such as Transparency International. In these approaches, corruption is shaped by a variety of assumptions: that corruption takes place between the public and a private sphere, that it is an indicator of instability and that it is morally reprehensibly and therefore a clandestine activity. The essay expands on these assumptions from the anthropological point of view, thereby detecting blind spots in the conventional approaches. Finally, by discussing four examples, the essay seeks to show how Ethnologie can enrich other approaches to social scientific corruption research with a genuine contribution.
Experience, Memory and Locality in the Cultures of European Borders
Authors: Wilson Thomas M.
Published: June 2010

Anthropological attention to political and cultural borders has grown considerably over the last twenty years. This has been due in most part to the increasing scholarly attention paid to international and other political borders, in ways that mirror political and economic elites who have continued to place borders centre-stage in their debates on the good and bad effects of globalisation. Once principally the focus of geography, today the study of borders – including their territorial, geophysical, political and cultural dimensions – has become a primary interest across the disciplines due to changing scholarly approaches to such key research subjects and objects as the state, nation, sovereignty, citizenship, migration and the over-arching forces and practices of globalisation.
From Crime to Cultural Heritage
Authors: Ruotsala Helena
Published: June 2010

This article concentrates on one particular local cross-border activity carried on after the Second World War. This was a type of smuggling called joppaus in the local dialect, a practice which was enabled by the post-war economic recession and the scarcity of goods from which Finland suffered. This form of unauthorised economy is said to have been responsible for the rapid revival of the region and its inhabitants after the destruction inflicted by the war. The standard of living in the Tornio River Valley has been better than in the north of Finland in general, and this has been explained in part by this type of smuggling. Furthermore, in the last few decades joppaus has become part of the local cultural heritage.
Building a State in a State
Authors: Jääts Indrek
Published: June 2010

This article analyses the conceptual path to the creation of national territorial autonomies of the Komi (Zyrians) and Komi-Permiaks in the 1920s. It focuses on the history of the idea of Komi autonomy and on the formation of the borders of the Komi Autonomous Oblast. The creation of the Komi autonomy was, first of all, the project of the small group of nationalist Komi communists. They tried to unite all the Komi politically, and were successful as far as their aims were in accordance with contemporary Soviet nationalities policy. However, they were not able to include Permiak areas, mainly because of the opposition of neighbouring Russian provincial elites.
The Glass Curtain
Authors: Eisch-Angus Katharina
Published: June 2010

In an interdisciplinary workshop in the former Iron Curtain borderlands of the Czech Republic and Bavaria seven multi-national artists and one European ethnologist revealed the cultural dynamics of boundaries both by exploring an expressive landscape and memory field, and by experiencing cultural difference as reflected in the co-operation and creation processes within the group. By using ethnographic approaches to assist the process of developing and conceptualising artworks and self-reflexive, ethno-psychoanalytic interpretation, the project followed the impact of twentieth-century border frictions and violence into collective identities, but also the arbitrary character of borders. The results suggest how a multi-perspective, subjectively informed methodology of approaching space and spatially expressed memory could be developed both for ethnology and for art, bridging the supposed gap between 'artistic' and 'scientific' methods by combining their strengths in a complementary way.
Performing the Border
Authors: Sandberg Marie
Published: June 2010

On the basis of fieldwork conducted in the two towns Görlitz and Zgorzelec, situated directly on the German-Polish border, this article explores how different versions of the border are enacted among Polish and German high-school pupils. As is usually the case with borders, the German-Polish border has a multiple, even ambivalent character. Inspired by the performative approach within actor-network theory, this article aims to qualify the concept of the multiple border, where multiplicity is understood as heterogeneous practices and patterns of absences and presences that constitute the border. The data, based on ethnographic fieldwork, consist of 'cartographies', maps made by the pupils, followed up by 'walking conversations' in the two towns on the border. The analysis shows that the border is not only enacted differently; also it is suggested that the performances all deal with and constitute an ambivalent border.
Migration Studies in Bulgaria
Authors: Elchinova Magdalena
Published: June 2010

The article overviews the current state of migration studies in Bulgaria. It is argued that their deficiencies stem from the fact that they are nationally embedded, contingent on ongoing public and political discourses, almost exclusively limited to the sociological, psychological and cultural dimensions of migration, and largely operating with the concepts of community, ethnicity and identity, despite the increasing share of ethnographic descriptions of good quality in the field. The further development of migration studies in Bulgaria will depend on the elaboration of a more complex and systematic analytical framework. A shift from community and ethnicity to gender, kinship, social networks and other explanatory categories is needed. It is also necessary to see the variety of forms of commonality and interaction between migrants in order to see migration as a dynamic phenomenon. Finally, it is crucial to develop an interdisciplinary theoretical framework that would best fit the complex nature of migration.
Heritage Complex
Authors: Macdonald Sharon
Published: June 2010

Hemme, D., M. Tauschek and R. Bendix (2007) (eds), Prädikat ‘Heritage’. Wertschöpfung aus kulturellen Ressourcen (Berlin: LIT), 368 pp., Pb: €29.90, ISBN-13: 978-8258-9892-2.

Kockel, U. and M. Nic Craith (2007) (eds), Cultural Heritages as Reflexive Traditions (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan), 240pp., Hb: £52.00, ISBN- 13: 978-1-4039-9748-7.
Textbooks and Beyond
Authors: Lässig Simone
Published: June 2010

This article provides an introduction to the aims, methods, and interdisciplinary approach of this new journal, elucidating the traditions of international textbook research and the function of educational media as illuminating sources for various academic disciplines. Textbooks and curricula in particular, which are not only state-approved but also of a highly condensed and selective nature, are obliged to reduce the complexities of the past, present, and future onto a limited number of pages. Particularly in the humanities, which often deal with concepts of identity and portrayals that may be more open to interpretation, textbooks can become the subjects of controversial debate, especially in relation to societal shifts such as globalization and immigration. In this regard, this journal intends to illuminate the situations in which educational media evolve, including their social, cultural, political, and educational contexts. The emergence of new, particularly digital, educational media marks new modes of knowledge production. The Journal of Educational Media, Memory, and Society (JEMMS) invites analyses that reach beyond the printed page and even beyond the institution of the school itself.
Visualizing the Former Cold War "Other"
Authors: Sidorov Dmitrii
Published: June 2010

This article discusses contemporary western representations of the former Cold War geopolitical "other," Eastern Europe, conveyed by illustrations in contemporary American world regional geography textbooks. I would like to explore certain geopolitical biases in the pictures' general messages, such as tendencies to highlight the transitional, problematic, and marginal at the expense of the essential and centripetal characteristics and landscapes. Images of Eastern Europe tend to marginalize it from the rest of Europe by minimizing visual references to its physical landscape and its role in European history; overemphasizing local problems connotes the need for the supranational assistance of the expanding European Union. Overall, this article attempts to reveal various Cold War legacies and "marginalizing" tendencies in visual representations of Eastern Europe, thus contributing to the visual and popular cultural turns in geography and geopolitical studies.
The Riddle of a Common History
Authors: Tenorio-Trillo Mauricio
Published: June 2010

By identifying two general issues in recent history textbook controversies worldwide (oblivion and inclusion), this article examines understandings of the United States in Mexico's history textbooks (especially those of 1992) as a means to test the limits of historical imagining between U. S. and Mexican historiographies. Drawing lessons from recent European and Indian historiographical debates, the article argues that many of the historical clashes between the nationalist historiographies of Mexico and the United States could be taught as series of unsolved enigmas, ironies, and contradictions in the midst of a central enigma: the persistence of two nationalist historiographies incapable of contemplating their common ground. The article maintains that lo mexicano has been a constant part of the past and present of the US, and lo gringo an intrinsic component of Mexico's history. The di erences in their historical tracks have been made into monumental ontological oppositions, which are in fact two tracks—often overlapping—of the same and shared con ictual and complex experience.
History and Interethnic Conflicts in Putin's Russia
Authors: Shlapentokh Dmitry
Published: June 2010

Events of the distant past can become the subjects of animated online debates, revealing high levels of ethnic tension between ethnic Russians and minorities. This has been the case with disputes about a recent Russian movie on Genghis Khan, for instance, which is nearing completion in Yakutia. The Internet debate forum has revealed several models of the relationship between ethnic Russians and minorities. First, there is the Eurasian model, which implies a "symbiosis" between these two groups with ethnic Russians playing the lead roles. Second, there is the Asiatic version of Eurasianism, where the Asian minorities play the roles of leaders. Third, there is the concept of Russia for Russians.
School History Atlases as Instruments of Nation-State Making and Maintenance
Authors: Kamusella Tomasz
Published: June 2010

School history atlases are used almost exclusively as required textbooks in Central and Eastern Europe, where the model of the ethnolinguistic nation-state rules supreme. My hypothesis is that these atlases are used in this region because a graphic presentation of the past makes it possible for students to grasp the idea of the presumably "natural" or "inescapable" overlapping of historical, linguistic, and demographic borders, the striving for which produced the present-day ethnolinguistic nation-states. Conversely, school history atlases provide a framework to indoctrinate the student with the beliefs that ethnolinguistic nationalism is the sole correct kind of nationalism, and that the neighboring polities have time and again unjustly denied the "true and natural" frontiers to the student's nation-state.
Ribozyme-Mediated Inhibition of 801-bp Deletion-Mutant Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor mRNA Expression in Glioblastoma Multiforme
Authors: Karpel-Massler Georg , Wirtz Christian Rainer , Halatsch Marc-Eric
Published: June 2010

The epidermal growth factor receptor (HER1/EGFR) is known to be disregulated in a large subgroup of glioblastoma multiforme cases. Disregulation of HER1/EGFR is related to malignant transformation and tumor growth in various human cancers, including malignant glioma. One mechanism that may lead to disregulated HER1/EGFR signaling is the intrinsic alteration of the receptor structure due to mutational changes. The most common mutant form of HER1/EGFR, named variant III (EGFRvIII), results from an 801 bp in-frame deletion in the DNA sequence encoding the extracellular ligand-binding domain. Independent of ligand–binding, EGFRvIII is constitutively activated and beyond external control. Since its cellular expression was shown to relate enhanced tumorigenicity, various therapeutic strategies were developed to target EGFRvIII, including monoclonal antibodies, vaccination therapies and small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors. In this review, we focus on ribozyme-mediated inhibition of EGFRvIII messenger RNA expression as a gene therapeutic approach for EGFRvIII-expressing glioblastoma multiforme.
Approximations in Rough Sets vs Granular Computing for Coverings
Authors: Liu Guilong , Zhu William
Published: June 2010

Rough set theory is an important technique in knowledge discovery in databases. Classical rough set theory proposed by Pawlak is based on equivalence relations, but many interesting and meaningful extensions have been made based on binary relations and coverings, respectively. This paper makes a comparison between covering rough sets and rough sets based on binary relations. This paper also focuses on the authors’ study of the condition under which the covering rough set can be generated by a binary relation and the binary relation based rough set can be generated by a covering.
Information Communication Technologies for the Lifelong Learning
Authors: Corazza Laura
Published: June 2010

In today’s knowledge society, better identified as a learning society, the opportunities for self-instruction and lifelong learning are playing an increasing role due to Information Communication Technologies. Old and new communication technologies offer possibilities for learning, as long as the worker is capable of learning in autonomy. Training has a central role as an educational activity, which aims at promoting and updating knowledge. Knowledge society does not only require citizens and workers to have basic skills; it asks for a life-long learning. Documentation is a form of communication that allows tacit, unexpressed, informal knowledge to emerge. It provides knowledge of the individual experiences of teachers and educators that can be widely shared. In knowledge management, audiovisual and multimedia documentation has proved to be a useful and efficient means of recording the experiences that are to be shared.
Factors that Improve ERP Implementation Strategies in an Organization
Authors: Sankar Chetan S.
Published: June 2010

This paper reports the results of an exploratory research that describes the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) implementation experiences of Robert Bosch Corporation over a period of time. In this paper, the author highlights a list of factors that could improve ERP implementations such as large resource commitment to the project, adoption of corporate standards that promote process harmonization, making hard yet important decisions that are irreversible, and top management support. The major contribution of this article is in explaining why the ERP implementation experience at Robert Bosch succeeded in 2004 in contrast to its implementation experience during 1992-1999. The resulting practical implications are discussed.
The Breastfeeding Controversy and Facebook
Authors: Ibrahim Yasmin
Published: June 2010

Facebook’s decision to invoke its obscenity clause to bar users from posting pictures of breastfeeding ignited a controversy. Members protested against the ban both offline and online. The controversy raised various issues between our lived offline experiences and the rules of engagement in social networking sites. Image economies on the Internet present new problems and challenges. Although they are crucial in the construction of profiles and identities in social networking sites and may therefore function as a referent of social values and norms, there may be disparities in the ways they are gazed at and interpreted as published content online. This paper examines the salient issues which emerged in the breastfeeding controversy with relevance to the image economy in social networking sites. In particular, it discusses the politicisation of the image, users’ notions and construction of public and private spaces in social networking sites, and the use of the image as symbol of dissent and activism in such online communities.
Human Resource Management on Social Capital
Authors: López-Fernández Macarena , Martín-Alcázar Fernando , Romero-Fernández Pedro Miguel
Published: June 2010

Over the past years, several researchers have analysed the relational dynamics that takes place inside and between organizations (concept, mediating and moderating variables, effects, etc.) considering it as a resource capable of contributing to the orientation and the strategic positioning of the organizations, and, as a last resort, to the support of the competitive advantages. Nevertheless, there are very few studies that include evidence about how the effective management of certain characteristics and properties of the network, such as the work dynamics developed or the interaction in the group may be useful for the operation of the work group itself in firms that develope its activity in high-tech sectors. Thus, the objectives of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework for studying the relationship between Human Resource Activities and Social Capital while underlining the importance that human resource policies play in the management of this variable in a IT environment.
Applying Commonsense Reasoning to Place Identification
Authors: Mamei Marco
Published: June 2010

Recent mobile computing applications try to automatically identify the places visited by the user from a log of GPS readings. Such applications reverse geocode the GPS data to discover the actual places (shops, restaurants, etc.) where the user has been. Unfortunately, because of GPS errors, the actual addresses and businesses being visited cannot be extracted unambiguously and often only a list of candidate places can be obtained. Commonsense reasoning can notably help the disambiguation process by invalidating some unlikely findings (e.g., a user visiting a cinema in the morning). This paper illustrates the use of Cyc—an artificial intelligence system comprising a database of commonsense knowledge—to improve automatic place identification. Cyc allows to probabilistically rank the list of candidate places in consideration of the commonsense likelihood of that place being actually visited on the basis of the user profile, the time of the day, what happened before, and so forth. The system has been evaluated using real data collected from a mobile computing application.
The Role of Foundational Ontologies for Domain Ontology Engineering
Authors: Guizzardi Giancarlo , Baião Fernanda , Lopes Mauro , Falbo Ricardo
Published: June 2010

Ontologies are commonly used in computer science either as a reference model to support semantic interoperability, or as an artifact that should be efficiently represented to support tractable automated reasoning. This duality poses a tradeoff between expressivity and computational tractability that should be addressed in different phases of an ontology engineering process. The inadequate choice of a modeling language, disregarding the goal of each ontology engineering phase, can lead to serious problems in the deployment of the resulting model. This article discusses these issues by making use of an industrial case study in the domain of Oil and Gas. The authors make the differences between two different representations in this domain explicit, and highlight a number of concepts and ideas that were implicit in an original OWL-DL model and that became explicit by applying the methodological directives underlying an ontologically well-founded modeling language.
Information Technology and Strategy
Authors: Drnevich Paul L. , McIntyre David P.
Published: June 2010

A central argument in strategic management is that a firm’s resources or capabilities can be sources of competitive advantage, which may lead to superior firm performance. Investments in Information Technology (IT) resources and capabilities represent one of the largest recurring expenditures made by firms. However, despite the magnitude of these investments and their presumed strategic importance to firms, demonstrating a definitive link between IT resource investments and firm-level performance has remained elusive. A review of the last 25 years of the MIS and Strategy literatures, indicates that each of these ‘two camps’ has contributed important insights and a strong co-evolutionary relationships, yet the strategic importance of IT lacks clear theoretical grounding and consistent empirical support. To address this deficiency, in this paper we review the theoretical bases for economic value creation to develop taxonomy for the roles and performance implications of IT, which integrates strategic management theory to offer a contingency perspective for how the roles and value of IT will vary in different strategic and environmental contexts. We apply the taxonomy as a lens through which to examine a sample of prominent prior research on the topic. The authors conclude with a discussion highlighting directions for future research.
Mechanical and Transport Properties of Concrete at High Temperatures
Authors: Galek Artur , Moser Harald , Ring Thomas , Zeiml Matthias , Eberhardsteiner Josef , Lackner Roman
Published: June 2010

When concrete structures are subjected to fire loading, temperature-dependent degradation of the material properties as well as spalling of near-surface concrete layers has a considerable effect on the load-carrying capacity and, hence, the safety of these structures. Spalling is caused by interacting thermo-hydro-chemo-mechanical processes with both mechanical and transport properties playing an important role. Within experimental research activities at the IMWS, these properties are subject of investigation, i.e., (i) the strain behavior of concrete under combined thermal and mechanical loading and (ii) the permeability increase of temperature-loaded concrete and cement paste.
Practical In Situ Applications of DIC for Large Structures
Authors: McCormick Nick J. , Lord Jerry D.
Published: June 2010

The paper describes recent use of Digital Image Correlation (DIC) for in-situ measurements of deformation and cracking of large civil engineering structures like bridges and power plant. Recent work at NPL has demonstrated the potential of DIC as a novel NDT tool for measuring deformation and cracking in reinforced concrete structures. This has particular application where the area of interest is in a region where inspection is difficult or costly and where direct access may have safety implications. In this case accurate measurements from pairs of images can be very cost effective.
Application of Real-Time Photoelastic Analysis to Single Fibre Fragmentation Tests
Authors: Blobel Swen , Thielsch Karin , Kaestner Markus , Ulbricht Volker
Published: June 2010

One of our main research areas is the trans-scale modelling of damage in composite materials, which consist of a polymer matrix and carbon or glass fibres in different material combinations and geometrical arrangements. From the local stress redistribution in the fibre-matrix interphase and in the surrounding matrix material information on the parameters of microscopic damage models for composite materials can be obtained. Owing to the difficult interface characterisation based on the properties of the single material components, a photoelastic analysis of single fibre fragmentation tests is performed. In addition to the qualitative visual interpretation in polarized light, an enhanced quantitative analysis in combination with digital photoelasticity using a four image phase shifting method will be applied [1]. As the sequential capturing of images might cause incorrect results, these four pictures are grabbed simultaneously. This allows for continuous testing. Additionally, errors due to the relaxation behaviour of the matrix material can be avoided. To this, a modular optical system consisting of a variable long distance microscope and a beam dividing module proposed by [2] was developed. It allows for the simultaneous projection of four different filtered images of one microscopic scene to the four quadrants of a CCD chip. This special equipment gives the possibility to apply quantitative photoelasticity to tensile tests performed on standard testing machines. This paper explains the measurement hardware and discusses the main problems and realised solutions from picture capturing through image processing to real-time photoelastic analysis at the present state of development. Exemplary results for the qualitative analysis of selected material combinations and different manufacturing processes are shown.
An Innovative Own-Weight Cantilever Method for Measuring Young’s Modulus in Flexible Thin Materials Based on Large Deflections
Authors: Ohtsuki Atsumi
Published: June 2010

This report deals with an innovative method (Own-Weight Cantilever Method) to measure Young’s modulus of flexible thin materials. A newly developed method is based on the large deformation theory considering large deformation behaviors due to own-weight in flexible thin materials. Analytical solutions are derived by using Bessel Functions. By means of measuring the horizontal displacement or the vertical displacement at a free end of a cantilever, Young’s modulus can be easily obtained for various flexible thin and long materials. Measurements were carried out on a piano wire. The results confirm that the new method is suitable for flexible thin wires.
Identification of the Mechanical Properties of Superconducting Windings Using the Virtual Fields Method
Authors: Kim J.H. , Nunio F. , Pierron Fabrice , Vedrine P.
Published: June 2010

Tensile tests were performed in order to identify the stiffness components of superconducting windings in the shape of rings (also called ‘double pancakes’). The stereo image correlation technique was used for full-field displacement measurements. The strain components were then obtained from the measured displacement fields by numerical differentiation. Because differentiation is very sensitive to spatial noise, the displacement maps were fitted by polynomials before differentiation using a linear least-square method. Then, in the orthotropy basis, the four in-plane stiffnesses of the double pancake were determined using the Virtual Fields Method.
Measuring the Static Modulus of Nuclear Graphite from Four-Point Flexural Strength Tests and DIC
Authors: Lord Jerry D. , McCormick Nick J. , Urquhart J.M. , Klimaytys Grant M. , Lingham Ian J.
Published: June 2010

The paper describes a novel method based on Digital Image Correlation (DIC) for measuring the static modulus of active PGA graphite specimens during conventional four-point bend strength tests. DIC has been used in combination with finite element and numerical modelling to monitor the displacement fields developing in the specimen during testing, and calculate representative modulus values.

Details of the model and results are presented for two specimen geometries and a range of materials with different levels of exposure and density, tested in the perpendicular and parallel orientations. The calculated static modulus values from the DIC measurements confirm the trend between modulus, flexural strength and density. Comments and observations on the uncertainty in the measurement are also presented.