bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methodology for Processing of 3D Multibeam Sonar Big Data for Comparative Navigation
Authors: Stateczny Andrzej , Błaszczak-Bąk Wioleta , Sobieraj-Żłobińska Anna , Motyl Weronika , Wisniewska Marta
Published: September 2019

Autonomous navigation is an important task for unmanned vehicles operating both on the surface and underwater. A sophisticated solution for autonomous non-global navigational satellite system navigation is comparative (terrain reference) navigation. We present a method for fast processing of 3D multibeam sonar data to make depth area comparable with depth areas from bathymetric electronic navigational charts as source maps during comparative navigation. Recording the bottom of a channel, river, or lake with a 3D multibeam sonar data produces a large number of measuring points. A big dataset from 3D multibeam sonar is reduced in steps in almost real time. Usually, the whole data set from the results of a multibeam echo sounder results are processed. In this work, new methodology for processing of 3D multibeam sonar big data is proposed. This new method is based on the stepwise processing of the dataset with 3D models and isoline maps generation. For faster products generation we used the optimum dataset method which has been modified for the purposes of bathymetric data processing. The approach enables detailed examination of the bottom of bodies of water and makes it possible to capture major changes. In addition, the method can detect objects on the bottom, which should be eliminated during the construction of the 3D model. We create and combine partial 3D models based on reduced sets to inspect the bottom of water reservoirs in detail. Analyses were conducted for original and reduced datasets. For both cases, 3D models were generated in variants with and without overlays between them. Tests show, that models generated from reduced dataset are more useful, due to the fact, that there are significant elements of the measured area that become much more visible, and they can be used in comparative navigation. In fragmentary processing of the data, the aspect of present or lack of the overlay between generated models did not relevantly influence the accuracy of its height, however, the time of models generation was shorter for variants without overlay.
Radiometric Top-of-Atmosphere Reflectance Consistency Assessment for Landsat 8/OLI, Sentinel-2/MSI, PROBA-V, and DEIMOS-1 over Libya-4 and RadCalNet Calibration Sites
Authors: Sterckx Sindy , Wolters Erwin
Published: September 2019

There is a clear trend toward the use of higher spatial resolution satellite sensors. Due to the low revisit time of these sensors and frequent cloud coverage, many applications require data from different sensors to be combined in order to have more frequent observations. This raises concerns regarding data interoperability and consistency. The initial pre-requisite is that there are no radiometric differences in top-of-atmosphere (TOA) observations. This paper aims to quantitatively assess differences in the TOA signal provided by PROBA-V, Sentinel-2A and Sentinel-2B, Landsat-8, and Deimos-1 by using observations over both the Libya-4 desert calibration site and the RadCalNet sites. The results obtained over the Libya-4 site indicate that for all sensors investigated, the inter-sensor deviations are negligible, i.e., within ±2% for comparable spectral bands, with the exception of the Deimos-1 Green band. Clear BRDF (bi-directional reflectance distribution function) effects were observed over the RadCalNet sites, thereby preventing consistent conclusions on inter-sensor deviations from being made. In order to fully explore the potential of the RadCalNet sites, it is recommended that BRDF characterizations be additionally incorporated into the RadCalNet simulations and made publicly available through the distribution portal.
Supply and Demand Assessment of Solar PV as Off-Grid Option in Asia Pacific Region with Remotely Sensed Data
Authors: Principe Jeark , Takeuchi Wataru
Published: September 2019

The introduction of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems in isolated areas which are far from the main grid has provided energy to non-electrified households. Such off-grid technology is very promising in the Asia Pacific region where increase in population and regional development has brought an increase in energy demand. This paper presents a methodology to assess the available supply of energy from solar PV systems and the corresponding demand from non-electrified areas. Non-electrified high population density areas were extracted using global population distribution and nightlight data, while the suitability of installing solar PV systems in those areas were identified based on slope, land cover and estimated solar PV power output. Moreover, the cost and benefits of installation were estimated based on the levelized cost of electricity generation from PV (LCOEPV) and the percentage in the total household budget that can shoulder the said expense. Lastly, this study also proposed a novel and simple method to extract the power transmission lines (TLs) based on global road network and nightlight data used for defining off-grid areas. Results show that there are three general types of electrification trend in the region with only 11 out 28 countries exhibiting the ideal trend of decreasing population living in unlit areas with increasing GDP. This study also generated maps showing the spatial distribution of high potential areas for solar PV installation in Cambodia, North Korea and Myanmar as case studies. To date, the high estimated household income allotted for PV electricity is still experienced in most countries in the region, but these countries also have high initial generated electricity from PV systems. Outputs from this study can provide stakeholders with relevant information on the suitable areas for installations in the region and the expected socio-economic benefits.
Fast Ground Filtering of Airborne LiDAR Data Based on Iterative Scan-Line Spline Interpolation
Authors: Martínez Sánchez Jorge , Váquez Álvarez Álvaro , López Vilariño David , Fernández Rivera Francisco , Cabaleiro Domínguez José Carlos , Fernández Pena Tomás
Published: September 2019

Over the last two decades, a wide range of applications have been developed from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) point clouds. Most LiDAR-derived products require the distinction between ground and non-ground points. Because of this, ground filtering its being one of the most studied topics in the literature and robust methods are nowadays available. However, these methods have been designed to work with offline data and they are generally not well suited for real-time scenarios. Aiming to address this issue, this paper proposes an efficient method for ground filtering of airborne LiDAR data based on scan-line processing. In our proposal, an iterative 1-D spline interpolation is performed in each scan line sequentially. The final spline knots of a scan line are taken into account for the next scan line, so that valuable 2-D information is also considered without compromising computational efficiency. Points are labelled into ground and non-ground by analysing their residuals to the final spline. When tested against synthetic ground truth, the method yields a mean kappa value of 88.59% and a mean total error of 0.50%. Experiments with real data also show satisfactory results under visual inspection. Performance tests on a workstation show that the method can process up to 1 million points per second. The original implementation was ported into a low-cost development board to demonstrate its feasibility to run in embedded systems, where throughput was improved by using programmable logic hardware acceleration. Analysis shows that real-time filtering is possible in a high-end board prototype, as it can process the amount of points per second that current lightweight scanners acquire with low-energy consumption.
A New Algorithm to Estimate Chlorophyll-A Concentrations in Turbid Yellow Sea Water Using a Multispectral Sensor in a Low-Altitude Remote Sensing System
Authors: Baek Ji-Yeon , Jo Young-Heon , Kim Wonkook , Lee Jong-Seok , Jung Dawoon , Kim Dae-Won , Nam Jungho
Published: September 2019

In this study, a low-altitude remote sensing (LARS) observation system was employed to observe a rapidly changing coastal environment-owed to the regular opening of the sluice gate of the Saemangeum seawall-off the west coast of South Korea. The LARS system uses an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), a multispectral camera, a global navigation satellite system (GNSS), and an inertial measurement unit (IMU) module to acquire geometry information. The UAV system can observe the coastal sea surface in two dimensions with high temporal (1 s−1) and spatial (20 cm) resolutions, which can compensate for the coarse spatial resolution of in-situ measurements and the low temporal resolution of satellite observations. Sky radiance, sea surface radiance, and irradiance were obtained using a multispectral camera attached to the LARS system, and the remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) was accordingly calculated. In addition, the hyperspectral radiometer and in-situ chlorophyll-a concentration (CHL) measurements were obtained from a research vessel to validate the Rrs observed using the multispectral camera. Multi-linear regression (MLR) was then applied to derive the relationship between Rrs of each wavelength observed using the multispectral sensor on the UAV and the in-situ CHL. As a result of applying MLR, the correlation and root mean square error (RMSE) between the remotely sensed and in-situ CHLs were 0.94 and ~0.8 μg L−1, respectively; these results show a higher correlation coefficient and lower RMSE than those of other, previous studies. The newly derived algorithm for the CHL estimation enables us to survey 2D CHL images at high temporal and spatial resolutions in extremely turbid coastal oceans.
A Two-Stage Fusion Framework to Generate a Spatio–Temporally Continuous MODIS NDSI Product over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Jing Yinghong , Shen Huanfeng , Li Xinghua , Guan Xiaobin
Published: September 2019

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is an important component of the global environmental system, on which the snow cover greatly affects the regional climate and ecology. Moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) snow cover products have been demonstrated to be appropriate for investigating the snow cover over the TP. However, they are subject to cloud obscuration, and the TP’s extremely complex terrain makes the snow monitoring difficult. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a two-stage spatio–temporal fusion framework for the cloud removal of MODIS C6 snow products, including an adjusted Terra and Aqua combination (TAC) and a spatio–temporal fusion based on Gaussian kernel function and error correction (STF-GKF-EC). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a spatio–temporally continuous daily 500-m MODIS normalized difference snow index (NDSI) product has been generated for the TP, which greatly improves the spatial and temporal resolutions of the current snow cover products. The main stage, STF-GKF-EC, adaptively weights the spatial and temporal correlations by the Gaussian kernel function, and further takes the rapid changes of snow cover into consideration through the error correction. The experiments indicated that STF-GKF-EC removes clouds completely, achieving an overall accuracy (OA) and mean absolute error (MAE) of 91.48% and 3.88, respectively. Based on the cloud-removed results, during 2001–2017, as far as the intra-annual variation is concerned, a large proportion of the snow cover appears between October and May, with a peak in February/March, and the variation is mainly controlled by temperature. For the inter-annual variation, an obvious increasing trend of 0.68/year for NDSI is observed before 2005, followed by a slight decreasing trend of 0.16/year, in which precipitation is a better explanation factor than temperature.
Research on Dynamic Inertial Estimation Technology for Deck Deformation of Large Ships
Authors: Ren Bo , Li Tianjiao , Li Xiang
Published: September 2019

Many kinds of weapon systems and launching equipment on the deck of large ships are easily affected by deck deformation. In order to ensure the accuracy of weapon systems and the safety of taking off and landing of carrier aircraft, a dynamic estimation method combining the main inertial navigation systems (INS) and the sub-inertial navigation systems (SINS) is designed to estimate the curvature and torsion of any trajectory on the deck. Our contributions start from the fact that the area of concern extends from the fixed points to any trajectory on the deck. The dynamic filter algorithm of wavelet combined with Kalman filter is used to process the acquired data. The wavelet method is used to remove the outliers in the acquired data, and the Kalman filter effectively reduces the influence of white noise, so that the estimation accuracy is guaranteed. The simulation results clearly show that the deck deformation of large ships can be obtained accurately in real-time over the observed area which proved that this dynamic inertial measurement method is feasible in practical engineering application.
Design and Implementation of a Self-Powered Smart Water Meter
Authors: Li Xue Jun , Chong Peter Han Joo
Published: September 2019

Smart cities require interactive management of water supply networks and water meters play an important role in such a task. As compared to fully mechanical water meters, electromechanical water meters or fully electronic water meters can collect real-time information through automatic meter reading (AMR), which makes them more suitable for smart cities applications. In this paper, we first study the design principles of existing water meters, and then present our design and implementation of a self-powered smart water meter. The proposed water meter is based on a water turbine generator, which serves for two purposes: (i) to sense the water flow through adaptive signal processing performed on the generated voltage; and (ii) to produce electricity to charge batteries for the smart meter to function properly. In particular, we present the design considerations and implementation details. The wireless transceiver is integrated in the proposed water meter so that it can provide real-time water flow information. In addition, a mobile phone application is designed to provide a user with a convenient tool for water usage monitoring.
Label-Free Fluorescent Aptasensor for Small Targets via Displacement of Groove Bound Curcumin Molecules
Authors: Alyamani Baraa J. , Alsager Omar A. , Zourob Mohammed
Published: September 2019

Signal transduction based on fluorescence is one of the most common optical aptasensors for small molecules. Sensors with a number of unique features including high sensitivity, low cost, and simple operation can be constructed easily. However, the label-free fluorescent approach is limited to synthetic dyes that bind strongly to the aptamer sequence and result in a diminished sensor operation with high detection limits. In this study, we report the use of curcumin as a fluorescent probe to signal aptamer/small target binding events. A substantial enhancement in curcumin’s fluorescent emission was observed when bound into the grooves of vitamin D3 (VTD3) binding aptamer, as an example. However, the introduction of the target molecule causes the aptamer to undergo a conformational change that favors complexing the target molecule over binding the curcumin dye. The sensor was able to detect VTD3 down to 1 fM concentration in buffer solutions and extracted blood samples, operate at a wide dynamic range, and discriminate against potential biological interfering molecules including VTD2. The operation of the curcumin based fluorescent sensor is at least six orders of magnitude more sensitive than a VTD3 sensor constructed with the synthetic dye SYBR Green I. The generality of the reported label-free approach was applied with a previously isolated 75-mer bisphenol-A (BPA) aptamer, confirming that the reported sensing strategy is not confined on a particular aptamer sequence. Our work not only reports a novel sensor format for the detection of small molecules, but also serves fluorescent sensor’s most pressing need being novel fluorophores for multiplex targets detection.
Monitoring a Heatsink Temperature Field Using Raman-Based Distributed Temperature Sensor in a Vacuum and −173 °C Environment
Authors: Zhang Jingchuan , Wei Peng , Liu Qingbo
Published: September 2019

A heatsink is a large experimental device which is used to simulate the outer space environment. In this paper, a Raman-based distributed temperature sensor was used for real-time and continuous heatsink temperature monitoring, and a special Raman-based distributed temperature sensing method and system have been proposed. This method takes advantage of three calibration parameters ( Δ α , γ , C ) to calculate the temperature. These three parameters are related to the attenuation of the optical fiber, the Raman translation, and the difference of optoelectronic conversion, respectively. Optical time domain reflectometry was used to calculate the location. A series of heatsink temperature measurement experiments were performed in a vacuum and −173 °C environment. When the temperature dropped to −100 °C, the parameter Δ α was found to vary. A method was proposed to recalculate Δ α and modify the traditional Raman fiber temperature equation. The results of the experiments confirmed the validity of this modified Raman fiber temperature equation. Based on this modified equation, the temperature field in the heatsink was calculated. The Raman-based distributed temperature sensor has potential applications in temperature measurement and judging the occurrence of faults in space exploration.
A Sensitive Carbon Dioxide Sensor Based on Photoacoustic Spectroscopy with a Fixed Wavelength Quantum Cascade Laser
Authors: Qiao Shunda , Qu Yanchen , Ma Yufei , He Ying , Wang Yao , Hu Yinqiu , Yu Xin , Zhang Zhonghua , Tittel Frank K.
Published: September 2019

A photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) based carbon dioxide (CO2) sensor with a fixed wavelength quantum cascade laser (FW-QCL) was demonstrated. The emission wavelength of the FW-QCL at 4.42 μm in the mid-infrared spectral region matched a fundamental CO2 absorption line. Amplitude modulation of the laser intensity was used to match the resonant photoacoustic (PA) cell. The noise from the background was reduced with the correlation demodulation technique. The experimental results showed that the sensor had excellent signal stability and a concentration linear response. When the integration time was 1 s, a 1σ minimum detection limit (MDL) of 2.84 parts per million (ppm) for CO2 detection was achieved. The long-term stability of the sensor was evaluated by means of an Allan deviation analysis. With an integration time of ~100 s, the MDL was improved to 1 ppm. This sensor was also used to measure the CO2 concentration from some common emission sources, such as cigarette smoking, automobile exhaust, and the combustion of some carbon-containing materials, which confirmed the stability and robustness of the reported FW-QCL based CO2-PAS sensor system.
Deep Learning on Point Clouds and Its Application: A Survey
Authors: Liu Weiping , Sun Jia , Li Wanyi , Hu Ting , Wang Peng
Published: September 2019

Point cloud is a widely used 3D data form, which can be produced by depth sensors, such as Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) and RGB-D cameras. Being unordered and irregular, many researchers focused on the feature engineering of the point cloud. Being able to learn complex hierarchical structures, deep learning has achieved great success with images from cameras. Recently, many researchers have adapted it into the applications of the point cloud. In this paper, the recent existing point cloud feature learning methods are classified as point-based and tree-based. The former directly takes the raw point cloud as the input for deep learning. The latter first employs a k-dimensional tree (Kd-tree) structure to represent the point cloud with a regular representation and then feeds these representations into deep learning models. Their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. The applications related to point cloud feature learning, including 3D object classification, semantic segmentation, and 3D object detection, are introduced, and the datasets and evaluation metrics are also collected. Finally, the future research trend is predicted.
Intelligent Lecturer Tracking and Capturing System Based on Face Detection and Wireless Sensing Technology
Authors: Tan Tan-Hsu , Kuo Tien-Ying , Liu Huibin
Published: September 2019

In this paper, we propose an intelligent lecturer tracking and capturing (ILTC) system to automatically record course videos. Real-time and stable lecturer localization is realized by combining face detection with infrared (IR) thermal sensors, preventing detection failure caused by abrupt and rapid movements in face detection and solving the non-real-time sensing problem for IR thermal sensors. Further, the camera is panned automatically by a servo motor controlled with a microcontroller to keep the lecturer in the center of the screen. Experiments were conducted in a classroom and a laboratory. Experimental results demonstrated that the accuracy of the proposed system is much higher than that of the system without IR thermal sensors. The survey of 32 teachers from two universities showed that the proposed system is a more practical utility and meets the demand of increasing online courses.
Fiber Link Health Detection and Self-Healing Algorithm for Two-Ring-Based RoF Transport Systems
Authors: Tsai Wen-Shing , Chang Ching-Hung , Lin Zhin-Guei , Lu Dong-Yi , Yang Tsung-Ying
Published: September 2019

A two-ring-based radio over fiber (RoF) transport system with a two-step fiber link failure detection and self-healing algorithm is proposed to ensure quality of service (QoS) by automatically monitoring the health of each fiber link in the transport system and by resourcefully detecting, locating, and bypassing the blocked fiber links. With the assistance of the fiber Bragg grating remote sensing technique, preinstalled optical switches, and novel single-line bidirectional optical add/drop multiplexers, the optical routing pathways in the RoF transport system can be dynamically adjusted by the proposed algorithm when some fiber links are broken. Simulation results show that except in some extreme situations, the proposed algorithm can find the blocked fiber links in the RoF transport system and animatedly adjust the status of preinstalled optical switches to restore all blocked network connections, thereby ensuring QoS in the proposed RoF transport system.
LoRaWAN Modeling and MCS Allocation to Satisfy Heterogeneous QoS Requirements
Authors: Bankov Dmitry , Khorov Evgeny , Lyakhov Andrey
Published: September 2019

LoRaWAN infrastructure has become widely deployed to provide wireless communications for various sensor applications. These applications generate different traffic volumes and require different quality of service (QoS). The paper presents an accurate mathematical model of low-power data transmission in a LoRaWAN sensor network, which allows accurate validation of key QoS indices, such as network capacity and packet loss ratio. Since LoRaWAN networks operate in the unlicensed spectrum, the model takes into account transmission attempt failures caused by random noise in the channel. Given QoS requirements, we can use the model to study how the performance of a LoRaWAN network depends on the traffic load and other scenario parameters. Since in LoRaWAN networks the transmissions at different modulation and coding schemes (MCSs) typically do not collide, we use the model to assign MCSs to the devices to satisfy their QoS requirements.
Disabilities and Livelihoods: Rethinking a Conceptual Framework
Authors: Stienstra Deborah , Lee Theresa Man Ling
Published: September 2019

Livelihoods, or the means to secure the necessities of life, shape how we live as individuals, families and communities, and our sense of well-being. While discussions of livelihoods have influenced academic discussions and government actions in international development over the past 25 years, few have discussed the implications of a livelihoods approach for people with disabilities in the context of global Northern societies. This paper argues that by using a livelihoods approach, we can recognize the multiple and, at times, conflicting ways that people with disabilities sustain themselves and secure the necessities of life. A livelihoods approach recognizes the agency of individuals, including those with disabilities, in the context of their relationships in households, families and communities, while also identifying the systemic barriers, inequalities and opportunities that shape livelihood choices. Using this approach, we argue, will enable a better understanding of how people with disabilities both survive and thrive, the diverse livelihood choices they make and the implications these choices have for policy decisions.
Improving Society by Improving Education through Service-Dominant Logic: Reframing the Role of Students in Higher Education
Authors: Díaz-Méndez Montserrat , Paredes Mario R. , Saren Michael
Published: September 2019

The role of higher education (HE) in the development of societies is an unquestionable fact, and its management has traditionally been a major concern of governments. Lately, there has been worldwide debate on whether universities should adopt traditional management practices as applied in any business sector. This paper questions the adoption of these practices, because they tend to simplify the complexity of this service, and argues that service-dominant logic (SDL) is a more appropriate approach to manage HE institutions. It envisions HE as a complex system where many actors interact to co-create value and focuses on the student–teacher dyad. Through a critical literature review, this paper states that the increasing established analogy of the ‘student–customer’ and ‘teacher–provider’, adopted to simplify the complexity of the HE service and thus allow the implementation of traditional management practices, jeopardizes the sustainability of social development due to its effects on the long-term quality of professionals’ training. Then, under the frame of SDL, we define students as co-creators of value (rather than customers) and teachers as value proposers, providing new insights to the debate and critical new recommendations for policymakers and universities to manage this critical relationship.
The Effect of Plant-Derived Biostimulants on White Head Cabbage Seedlings Grown under Controlled Conditions
Authors: Godlewska Katarzyna , Biesiada Anita , Michalak Izabela , Pacyga Paweł
Published: September 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of using natural raw materials that have not been used for the production of biostimulants of plant growth. These products can effectively contribute to overcome the challenge posed by the increasing demand for food. Ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) was chosen to prepare innovative biostimulants. The expected outcome of this research was to generate products that show beneficial effects on white head cabbage growth, development, and nutritional quality. The results proved that higher plants (mugwort, calendula, purple coneflower, chamomile, basil, giant goldenrod, comfrey, dandelion, and valerian) can be successfully used for the production of biostimulants. For example, products based on common dandelion showed the highest biostimulating activity. In a group treated with 2.5% flower extract, cabbage shoots were 37% longer, whereas in a group treated with 0.5% leaves extract, roots were longer by 76% as compared with a control group treated with water. Biostimulants based on common mugwort (at a dose of 0.5%) and common dandelion (root) (at a dose of 1.0%) increased the mass of cabbage shoots and roots by 106% and 246%, respectively. The majority of biostimulants increased the content of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids) and decreased the content of polyphenols. Botanical extracts also showed varied impact on the antioxidant activity of cabbage. Taking into account the benefits for a wide scope of applications, it is expected that the utilization of these types of products should increase in the future. These products can play a key role in sustainable agriculture.
A Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Meat Trays Made of Various Packaging Materials
Authors: Maga Daniel , Hiebel Markus , Aryan Venkat
Published: September 2019

In light of the debate on the circular economy, the EU strategy for plastics, and several national regulations, such as the German Packaging Act, polymeric foam materials as well as hybrid packaging (multilayered plastic) are now in focus. To understand the environmental impacts of various tray solutions for meat packaging, a comparative environmental assessment was conducted. As an environmental assessment method, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was applied following the ISO standards 14040/44. The nine packaging solutions investigated were: PS-based trays (extruded polystyrene and extruded polystyrene with five-layered structure containing ethylene vinyl alcohol), PET-based trays (recycled polyethylene terephthalate, with and without polyethylene layer, and amorphous polyethylene terephthalate), polypropylene (PP) and polylactic acid (PLA). The scope of the LCA study included the production of the tray and the end-of-life stage. The production of meat, the filling of the tray with meat and the tray sealing were not taken into account. The results show that the PS-based trays, especially the mono material solutions made of extruded polystyrene (XPS), show the lowest environmental impact across all 12 impact categories except for resource depletion. Multilayer products exhibit higher environmental impacts. The LCA also shows that the end-of-life stage has an important influence on the environmental performance of trays. However, the production of the trays dominates the overall results. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis illustrates that, even if higher recycling rates were realised in the future, XPS based solutions would still outperform the rest from an environmental perspective.
Research on the Sustainable Development of Traditional Dwellings
Authors: Wang Hai-fan , Chiou Shang-chia
Published: September 2019

Balustrade architecture is mainly distributed in south and southwest China and southeast Asia. Dai dwellings in Yunnan, China, are a typical balustrade dwelling. Traditional dwellings of Dai contain the concepts of architecture, physics, ecology, and sustainability in space planning, building materials, and construction methods. At a time when the global climate environment is deteriorating and energy saving, emission reduction, and low-carbon life are advocated, Dai dwellings should be studied from the perspective of sustainable development, from which we can draw lessons and inspiration. This paper investigated plane layout, space structure, and materials of Dai dwellings, and found that traditional Dai dwellings are wooden frame structures with wood and bamboo; the roof has two layers and long overhang eaves, which is good for diverting rain water, shading and shelter, and integrating the building with the natural landscape as well. Analyzing the spatial characteristics and problems of Dai dwellings at present, discussing the sustainable development ideas of Dai dwellings, constructing Dai dwellings with low energy consumption and high quality of life, combining traditional culture with ecological technology, and designing a sustainable new green living model are beneficial to the inheritance of Dai residence culture.
Feasibility of the Fintech Industry as an Innovation Platform for Sustainable Economic Growth in Korea
Authors: Shin Yong Jae , Choi Yongrok
Published: September 2019

This paper examines the feasibility of fintech as a platform for sustainable economic growth and as a prompter of the fourth industrial revolution. To analyze the role of fintech in the national economy, we first broaden its definition and compare its economic performance using three methodologies—Demand-driven model, Supply-driven model and industry linkage effect in interindustry analysis. We find that the fintech industry has a stronger effect on production inducement. Regarding industry linkage effects, fintech ranked the top in all 31 industries for the forward linkage effect and 22 for the background linkage effect—much higher than the traditional financial industry. This implies that the fintech industry is effective as the intermediate good with national demand as well as the final good. Particularly, this industry plays the roles of intermediate and final goods across almost all industries. That is, fintech could better promote overall national economic performance as a platform industry. Because most businesses within the fintech industry depend on innovation through the integration of finance and information technology, we find that fintech can feasibly prompt the fourth industrial revolution. Nonetheless, this industry is characterized by excessive regulations in Korea, indicating the need for negative regulation for new, innovative businesses within the fintech industry that would critically emphasize innovativeness for inclusive, sustainable economic growth.
Degradation of Four Major Mycotoxins by Eight Manganese Peroxidases in Presence of a Dicarboxylic Acid
Authors: Wang Xiaolu , Qin Xing , Hao Zhenzhen , Luo Huiying , Yao Bin , Su Xiaoyun
Published: September 2019

Enzymatic treatment is an attractive method for mycotoxin detoxification, which ideally prefers the use of one or a few enzymes. However, this is challenged by the diverse structures and co-contamination of multiple mycotoxins in food and feed. Lignin-degrading fungi have been discovered to detoxify organics including mycotoxins. Manganese peroxidase (MnP) is a major enzyme responsible for lignin oxidative depolymerization in such fungi. Here, we demonstrate that eight MnPs from different lignocellulose-degrading fungi (five from Irpex lacteus, one from Phanerochaete chrysosporium, one from Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, and another from Nematoloma frowardii) could all degrade four major mycotoxins (aflatoxin B1, AFB1; zearalenone, ZEN; deoxynivalenol, DON; fumonisin B1, FB1) only in the presence of a dicarboxylic acid malonate, in which free radicals play an important role. The I. lacteus and C. subvermispora MnPs behaved similarly in mycotoxins transformation, outperforming the P. chrysosporium and N. frowardii MnPs. The large evolutionary diversity of these MnPs suggests that mycotoxin degradation tends to be a common feature shared by MnPs. MnP can, therefore, serve as a candidate enzyme for the degradation of multiple mycotoxins in food and feed if careful surveillance of the residual toxicity of degradation products is properly carried out.
On the Mathematics of Coframe Formalism and Einstein–Cartan Theory—A Brief Review
Authors: Tecchiolli Manuel
Published: September 2019

This article is a review of what could be considered the basic mathematics of Einstein–Cartan theory. We discuss the formalism of principal bundles, principal connections, curvature forms, gauge fields, torsion form, and Bianchi identities, and eventually, we will end up with Einstein–Cartan–Sciama–Kibble field equations and conservation laws in their implicit formulation.
Genetic Analysis of Avian Coronavirus Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Yellow Chickens in Southern China over the Past Decade: Revealing the Changes of Genetic Diversity, Dominant Genotypes, and Selection Pressure
Authors: Fan Wensheng , Tang Ning , Dong Zhihua , Chen Jiming , Zhang Wen , Zhao Changrun , He Yining , Li Meng , Wu Cuilan , Wei Tianchao , Huang Teng , Mo Meilan , Wei Ping
Published: September 2019

The high mutation rates of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) pose economic threats to the poultry industry. In order to track the genetic evolutionary of IBV isolates circulating in yellow chickens, we continued to conduct the genetic analyses of the structural genes S1, E, M, and N from 64 IBV isolates in southern China during 2009–2017. The results showed that the dominant genotypes based on the four genes had changed when compared with those during 1985–2008. Based on the S1 gene phylogenetic tree, LX4-type (GI-19) was the most dominant genotype, which was different from that during 1985–2008. The second most dominant genotype was LDT3-A-type, but this genotype disappeared after 2012. New-type 1 (GVI-1) isolates showed increasing tendency and there were four aa (QKEP) located in the hypervariable region (HVR) III and one aa (S) insertion in all the New-type 1 isolates. Both the analyses of amino acid entropy and molecular evolutionary rate revealed that the variations from large to small were S1, E, M, and N. Purifying selection was detected in the S1, E, M, and N gene proteins, which was different from the positive selection during 1985–2008. Six isolates were confirmed to be recombinants, possibly generated from a vaccine virus of the 4/91-type or LDT3-A-type and a circulating virus. The estimated times for the most recent common ancestors based on the S1, E, M, and N genes were the years of 1744, 1893, 1940, and 1945, respectively. Bayesian skyline analysis revealed a sharp decrease in genetic diversity of all the four structural genes after 2010 and since late 2015, the viral population rapidly rose. In conclusion, the IBVs circulating in southern China over the past decade have experienced a remarkable change in genetic diversity, dominant genotypes, and selection pressure, indicating the importance of permanent monitoring of circulating strains and the urgency for developing new vaccines to counteract the emerging LX4-type and New-type IBVs.
Analysis of the Interconnections between Classic Vortex Models of Coherent Structures Based on DNS Data
Authors: Wang Hao , Peng Guoping , Chen Ming , Fan Jieling
Published: September 2019

Low- and high-speed streaks (ejection, Q2, and sweep, Q4, events in quadrant analysis) are significant features of coherent structures in turbulent flow. Streak formation is closely related to turbulent structures in several vortex models, such as attached eddy models, streamwise vortex analysis models, and hairpin vortex models, which are all standard models. Vortex models are complex, whereby the relationships among the different vortex models are unclear; thus, further studies are still needed to complete our understanding of vortices. In this study, 30 sets of direct numerical simulation (DNS) data were obtained to analyze the mechanics of the formation of coherent structures. Image processing techniques and statistical analysis were used to identify and quantify streak characteristics. We used a method of vortex recognition to extract spanwise vortices in the x–z plane. Analysis of the interactions among coherent structures showed that the three standard vortex models all gave reasonably close results. The attached eddy vortex model provides a good explanation of the linear dimensions of streaky structures with respect to the water depth and Q2 and Q4 events, whereby it can be augmented to form the quasi-streamwise vortex model. The legs of a hairpin vortex envelop low-speed streaky structures and so move in the streamwise direction; lower-velocity vortex legs also gradually accumulate into a streamwise vortex. Statistical analysis allowed us to combine our present results with some previous research results to propose a mechanism for the formation of streaky structures. This study provides a deeper understanding of the interrelationships among different vortex models.
Mastery and Beyond : Speech and Silence in Yeats's « The Tower »
Authors: Grennan Eamon
Published: September 2019

De très bonne heure, Yeats s'intéressa à la poésie en tant que parole : « Faire coïncider le langage poétique avec celui du discours passionné ordinaire ». Les poèmes de The Tower (1928) constituent un spectre de paroles où s'incarne l'identité poétique de Yeats, alors qu'il entre dans la phase finale de sa vie et de son œuvre. A une extrémité de ce spectre, dans des poèmes tels que « Leda and the Swan » et « Two Songs from a Play », l'on trouve la parole oraculaire et anonyme. Une telle parole est une condition du moi visionnaire, détaché du quotidien. « A Man Young and Old » représente un autre type de parole, où le poète exprime, à l'aide d'une fiction dramatique, une version intensifiée et symbolique du moi. Ces actes de paroles sont, l'un et l'autre, des exploits de maîtrise : l'expérience se soumet aux formes du désir du poète. Une telle maîtrise préside également à la majeure partie des grands recueils méditatifs, « Nineteen Hundred and Nineteen », « Meditations in Time of Civil War » et « The Tower » : la parole, ici, a le pouvoir de façonner le monde suivant le sens choisi. Au-delà d'une telle maîtrise, cependant, l'on découvre la présence, dans certains poèmes, d'un discours qui se soumet à l'expérience, où l'être est intégré. Des poèmes, tels que
Le Référendum britannique sur la frontière en Irlande du Nord (Border Poil), 8 mars 1973
Authors: Deutsch Richard
Published: September 2019

On the 24th of March 1972, the British PM, Edward Heath, announced that the Stormont Parliament was prorogued and that « periodic plebiscites » would take place on the sensitive question of the Border, « in the hope of taking (it) out of the day-to-day political scene » .

R. Deutsch surveys the events and the campaign leading to the Poll and describes, in detail, the referendum of the 8th of March 1973 : security measures, the casting of the votes, the peculiar Irish custom of « vote early but vote often ! » and the abstention policy of the Catholics/Nationalists. The second part gives full results and detailed analyses : this referendum provided a record participation of the Protestants/ Unionists since 1921 while the Catholics/Nationalists' policy of boycott was very successful. But several observers agree that a substantial portion of the Catholic electorate did support the Union.

The British Government did provide for a Border Poll to be held every ten years. Will one, then, take place in 1983 ? At the time of writing (May 1982) London & Belfast did not plan one. However the results of the NI Assembly Elections of October 1982 could force Whitehall to change its views. The author concludes that « the referendum can do little to assist in solving the Irish problem ».
Excentrée, décentrée : l'identité fuyante chez Paul Muldoon
Authors: Schneider Florence
Published: September 2019

Depuis New Weather, la poésie de Paul Muldoon s'est toujours intéressée à la question de l'altérité, de la différence, géographiques, historiques, sexuelles. Dans les derniers recueils, un passage d'un regard sur l'autre à une parole de l'autre semble avoir lieu. Ceci amène à des identités hybrides, excentrées, et à de nouvelles réflexions sur l'altérité et sur la distance à soi que révèlent certains poèmes de The Annals of Chile par exemple.
Du monde romanesque au poème : The World of J.G. Farrell de Derek Mahon
Authors: Delattre Elisabeth
Published: September 2019

« The World of J.G.Farrell » est le titre de la section XVII du long poème que Derek Mahon a publié en octobre 1997 et intitulé The Yellow Book. Dans cette œuvre, divisée en vingt sections qui s'apparentent à ce que l'on appelle en anglais des « verse letters », Derek Mahon évoque un certain nombre de penseurs et écrivains disparus dont son ami, le romancier James Gordon Farrell, auteur notamment d'une trilogie consacrée au déclin de l'Empire britannique. Cet article a pour but de montrer comment, dans cette section, le poète utilise l'intertextualité prosodique (collage, citations, etc.), mais aussi une forme d'autotextualité (reprise verbatim d'éléments prosodiques de ses propres articles). Le palimpseste de l'écriture ne se limite pas non plus à de simples allusions ou références textuelles. Car le chaos du monde romanesque farrellien se reflète au niveau de l'écriture mahonienne elle-même. Ainsi la « frontière » entre le monde romanesque et le monde poétique disparaît peu à peu pour aboutir à une fusion de nature épiphanique.
Un régiment Irlandais au service de la France 1691-1790
Authors: Vautravers Guillaume
Published: September 2019

Ce régiment arriva en France en 1691 et participa à toutes les guerres de l'armée royale. Il s'illustra particulièrement au cours des batailles de Neerwinden, Hochstädt, Malplaquet, Fontenoy et Lawfeld. Un mythe historiographique s'attache aussi à ce régiment.
Free Nations and Enslaved Women : Gender Constraints in Independent Ireland
Authors: Drewett James
Published: September 2019

The question as to whether female enfranchisement or the nation's independence should be given first priority dominated the debate amongst the various women's organisations of pre-1916 Ireland. Although in the so-called Free State both objectives were ultimately met, all aspects of women's life continued to be defined from within a narrow perception of gender. This was a situation that was to continue largely unchallenged for almost half a century. Generally, historians have interpreted the main cause of this to be the particular nature of Ireland's Catholic conservatism that informed its strictly patriarchal culture. However that is surely only a partial explanation. There exist much wider contexts into which Ireland's gender discrimination (and indeed the revival of Irish feminism in the 1970s) must be considered, which help extend the discussion beyond the typically parochial boundaries in which it is often confined.
De Beltaine à Pâques
Authors: Armao Frédéric
Published: September 2019

This article argues that some of the Irish monks attempted to assimilate Beltaine to Easter. We will go through the Irish Annals as well as the Lebor Gabâla Erenn and the hagiographies of Muirchû and Tirechân and see that these works are at variance with the most popular theory — that is Samain stands for the 'Easter of the pagans'.
Aspects de la civilisation copte en Irlande
Authors: Manara Franck
Published: September 2019

Insular manuscripts and Irish texts of the early Middle Ages suggest that Celtic

monasticism has drawn on features deriving from Coptic art and spirituality. Although

it is difficult to gauge precisely what the Coptic civilisation brought to Ireland, historic

and artistic evidence that has survived seems to indicate that Copts sustainably

influenced the development of Christianity in Hibernia.
De Jérusalem vers l'Irlande : la translation du Golgotha et du Saint Sépulcre
Authors: Mebarki Farah
Published: September 2019

ENG: The early Irish Christian arts show, from the Vlth till the Xth century, a conscious or unconscious obsession with Jesus' crucifixion and sepulchre in Jerusalem. It expresses a deep desire to seize the sacred character of these holy places in Palestine and to make it take root in an insular environment, so that it may develop there and turn the land into a new Holy Land.
PROBLEMS OF PREVENTING FAMILY DISTRESS, NEGLECT AND JUVENILE DELINQUENCY
Authors: Ergashev Еvgenii , Bobina Rimma
Published: September 2019

The article analyzes the prevention of family distress, neglect and juvenile delinquency, bringing parents or other legal representatives of minors to administrative responsibility. The authors propose to make additions to p. 1 of Art. 5.35 of the Administrative Offenses Code of the RF in order to tighten the administrative responsibility of subjects for non-performance or improper performance of duties for the maintenance and upbringing of minors, and this measure, in their opinion, will contribute to the effectiveness of the legal norm and reduce the scale of violations of minors’ rights and legal interests.