bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Children’s theme on the pages of Siberian periodicals (based on materials from the newspaper Sibirskaya Zhizn’, 1897–1900)
Authors:   National Research Tomsk State University, Azarova Vasilisa N.
Published: October 2024

The article considers literary, journalistic and advertising materials devoted to childhood and children, published in a Siberian pre-revolutionary periodical. At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, the topic of childhood was constantly covered in Russian periodicals, which was connected with the growth in public education, the development of children’s pedagogy, as well as with the general humanization of the public sphere. Texts about children were written not only by the capital’s newspapers, but also by regional newspapers and magazines, which made a great contribution to drawing public attention to the situation of young Russian residents. The aim of this study is to determine the demand for the themes of childhood and the features of their coverage in one of the leading regional newspapers of Russia – Sibirskaya zhizn’, which was published in Tomsk from 1897 to 1919. The newspaper was founded by the famous Siberian businessman and philanthropist Petr Makushin, covered the life of Western and Eastern Siberia, wrote about Russian and foreign events. The average circulation was about 10,000 copies. It is plain to see the scope of this newspaper’s influence over quite a large territory. This study conveys its research through such means as selection of materials, determination and analysis of volumes of materials, identification of main topics of these themes and features of their presentation. The empiric material consists of publications providing insight into themes of childhood in issues of the newspaper Sibirskaya zhizn’ published from November 1897 to December 1900. The main methods of the study were frontal analysis of the newspaper content, complex analysis of the periodical, content analysis, historical-typological and structural-thematic analysis. The author comes to the conclusion that the topic of childhood was in demand by the society, the materials about children were published in every fourth issue of the newspaper, although they were small in volume. The genre palette includes a relatively small number of forms: story, essay, report, note, review, article. The most frequently discussed topics in the newspaper were school, parents, poverty, health, charity, books, and education. In addition, while the literature mainly paints a dramatically negative picture of children’s life, attracting reader’s attention to a social problem, journalism acts as a kind of “counterweight” to it, showing real examples of assistance to children from society’s side. Journalists of the 19th century saw the life of children as extremely difficult, consisting of difficult learning, hard and destructive labor, brutal environment, full of orphanhood and poverty. But Sibirskaya zhizn’ tirelessly stressed that children are fragile, that they need protection, support and care that society can and ought to provide to them.
The occupation and liberation of the territory of the Yazidi Kurds in Iraq from militants of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in 2014–2015
Authors:   Technical Institute (branch) of North-Eastern Federal University, Akhmedov Teub A.
Published: October 2024

This article examines the circumstances of the occupation of the town of Sinjar (Shengal) in the north-west of Iraq by the terrorist organization known as the Islamic State (ISIS). Sinjar is the center of a vast territory inhabited by the ethno-confessional group of Yazidi Kurds. In August 2014 this territory was surrendered to ISIS militants by the Peshmerga forces of the Kurdish Autonomous Region without serious resistance. The defense of the area and the refugee escape routes were provided only by weak detachments of the local militia and the arrived People’s Defense Units of the Syrian Kurdistan and Kurdistan Workers’ Party. ISIS militants considered Yazidis as devil worshipers and demanded Yazidis to renounce their faith. During the occupation of Sinjar, they practiced massacres, destruction of shrines, and abductions of women and children for sale into sexual slavery. The ISIS policy towards Yazidis during the occupation was recognized by many states and international organizations as genocide. The aim of this article is to assess the reasons for the surrender of the territories of the Yazidi Kurds to the Islamic State in the context of the political struggle of various parties and groups for power and influence in the area. The author examines the occupation of Sinjar from two perspectives. First, it was a result of a difficult political situation: the interest of local authorities to subordinate the clergy and secular elite of the Yazidi Kurds to the family clan of President M. Barzani, and the weakness of the central government of Iraq, which in difficult conditions did not have the ability and desire to protect the people of their country from militants of the Islamic State terrorist organization. Second, it was a reason for the organization and unification of various resistance forces in Sinjar and the surrounding territories: Yazidi militias, PKK-affiliated units, the Peshmerga and the international coalition forces providing air support. The general course of military operations against the Islamic State made it possible to begin the liberation of Sinjar only a year and a few months after its occupation. The author of the study concludes that the attempts of the leaders of the Kurdistan Region, M. Barzani and his nephew, Prime Minister N. Barzani, to justify the undue withdrawal of the Peshmerga armed forces from the Sinjar region on the eve of the ISIS militants’ invasion with the excuse to protect the capital of the Kurdish Autonomous Region, the city of Erbil, do not call for any trust and leniency. Behind this excuse lies the desire of the ruling elite of Southern (Iraqi) Kurdistan to veil their careless and criminal actions without any serious grounds to justify them.
Characteristics of self-referential and other-referential components of the self-reflection discourse of third-age French women
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Dakhalaeva Elizaveta Ch.
Published: October 2024

The aim of the given study is to determine the general characteristics of self-referential (positive concepts accepted by the communicant) and other-referential (negative and unacceptable concepts) components in the narratives of French women of older (third) age. The material of this study is represented by the first-person reflections of French women aged from 50 to 75. The narratives represent the perception of women concerning their age and the process of further aging. The collected material was studied both with the help of expert contextual and semantic analysis, and with the use of the Sketch Engine corpus manager. The analysis of the practical material shows that certain lexical, grammatical and stylistic means play a special role in the construction of such a discourse. The analyzed narratives are lexically diverse, an abundance of lexemes with the opposite meaning (“jeune/old”- “vieux/young”) has been revealed. The most common nouns are “an/year”, “vie/life”, “âge/age” closely linked with the main concepts of the women’s life reflections. The communicants often return to their past, remembering their youth, summing up several life period results, comparing themselves in the past and present, and sometimes projecting their lives into the future. For this purpose, the forms of the past, present and future tenses are used in the narratives. The study shows that the older woman who accepts her age is a determined personality and she puts up and clearly delineates her personal boundaries. Thus, the self-referential circle includes such concepts as “Woman”, “Children”, “Family”, “Hobbies”, “Sports”, “Music”, “Fashion”, “Travel”, “Cuisine”. Her inner circle is contrasting with the concepts that she considers unacceptable (the society that promotes youth and condemns old age, the media as a mouthpiece of ageist public opinion, health problems, body ageing, the younger generation competing with the elders, depression, melancholy, decline of spirit). This all is forming the other-referential circle in the older women’s narratives. As the idea of comparison and opposition is inevitable in such a discourse, the degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs, personal pronouns of the 1st and 3rd person, conjunctions expressing concession and opposition are widely used. At the end of the study, the author proposes a scheme (figure 2), which clearly shows the most used language tools marking the interaction of self-referential and other-referential components.
Translation of slang in English films in the light of difference of genre and stylistic canons of the Russian and English languages
Authors:   Chelyabinsk State University, Shelestyuk Elena V.
Published: October 2024

The aim of the article is to compare slang units in English-language films and their equivalents in Russian film translations in relation to stylistic coloring and register. The relevance is due to the normalization of the translation of slangisms from English into Russian in view of the differences in stylistic, genre and artistic canons of Russian and English. In English, slang is less expressive, emotive, but much more frequent in literary and everyday speech, slangisms are allowed by the artistic (literary, cinematographic) canon. The materials of the study are 300 slangisms, selected by the method of continuous sampling from the transcripts of the originals and translations of 21 Jump Street, Orange Is the New Black, New Girl, House M.D., How I Met Your Mother, The Big Bang Theory, Black Books. The research methods were lexicographic, stylistic, comparative-comparative, and statistical ones. The first group of slangisms and their translation samples (54%) manifest the strategy of “smoothing”, i.e., neutralizing or raising the low style, especially with regard to obscene expletives and invectives. Smoothing implies a number of stylistic shifts: (1) English slang > Rus. neutral or literary word/expression; (2) English slang > Rus. colloquial, familiar, low-colloquial, expressive or slang word/expression; (3) English slang-image/idiom > Rus. generalized, neutral or ameliorative word/expression; 4) an English utterance with slang > a Russian utterance with related, but different meaning without slang. The second group (35%) refers to cases of semantic, emotive and expressive equivalence of English and Russian units, we call this strategy “translation honesty”. Due to the lowness of the threshold of perception of low lexis with the Russian speakers, the Russian equivalents of English-language slangisms are often perceived as more expressive, rude, careless or familiar. The third group (11%) shows a pejoration of meaning and register, i.e., dysphemization in translation (downgrading of style, scandalization). This strategy in Russian translation is not justified due to the more-than-intended shocking effect of low vocabulary on Russian recipients. In conclusion, the regularities that determine the preference for smoothing when translating from English into Russian are given: (1) the difference in the genre-stylistic and artistic canons of languages; (2) different thresholds of perception of low-colloquial vocabulary by English and Russian speakers; (3) different expressiveness, emotivity, register and frequency of familiar/low-colloquial vocabulary in the two languages; (4) historically determined rigid differentiation between high, literary and low, colloquial registers in Russian, which is not the case in English.
The peculiarities of expressing the taxis semantics of consecution in constructions with adverbial participles formed from verbs of motion
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Ivanova-Zhdanova Elena Yu.
Published: October 2024

The research examines the taxis semantics of consecution in utterances with adverbial participles formed from verbs of motion, which has not been studied earlier. The aim of the research is to characterize aspectual-taxis situations which include adverbial participles formed from verbs of motion. The study was carried out with the use of the method of functional analysis based on Alexander Bondarko’s theory of categorical situations. The material of the study is adverbial participles formed from correlative pairs of non-prefixed autocausative verbs of motion and their prefixed derivatives with spatial semantics (v-, vy-, pod-, ot-, pri-, u-), utterances with these adverbial participles taken from the main subcorpus of the Russian National Corpus. As a result, it was established that a significant role in expressing taxis semantics belongs not only to the aspect forms of adverbial participles in taxis pairs, but also to lexical semantics of adverbial participles and finite verbs, as well as of their expanders. Along with the standard aspectualtaxis situations of consecution with perfective adverbial participles, special types in which imperfective adverbial participles function were identified: (1) precedence of completed actions non-localized in time; (2) precedence of processes localized in time; (3) implicit following of completed actions localized and non-localized in time. In the situation of precedence of completed actions non-localized in time, the adverbial participles of both aspects are synonymous, differing in their interpretive component. In the situation of precedence of processes localized in time, subtypes were described that are distinguished depending on unidirectional/non-unidirectional movement expressed by adverbial participles, as well as semantics of finite verbs. Imperfective adverbial participles with the semantics of unidirectional movement can express both a process that has reached a spatial goal and an interrupted process. Imperfective adverbial participles with the semantics of non-unidirectional movement can express the completion of a process of movement due to uncontrolled moving of the subject to a place. In the situation of implicit following of completed actions, imperfective adverbial participles denote the time limits within which the action of a finite verb is done, and taxis semantics is expressed with the help of lexical meanings of members of a taxis pair, expanders, extralinguistic factors. The conducted research shows that studying utterances with adverbial participles formed from particular lexical groups of verbs enables to expand the idea of aspectual-taxis situations that can be conveyed in adverbial participial constructions.
Russian professional and "amateu" theater criticism in the mirror of discussions
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Myasnikova Marina A. , Novoselov Artyom A. ,   Ural Federal University
Published: October 2024

The article is dedicated to discussions in old and new media about the state of modern Russian theater criticism and reveals the mechanism and consequences of dividing its authors into professionals and “amateurs” who write about the same performances, but with different degrees of responsibility and on different platforms – in special publications not for a mass audience and in amateur blogs that are easily accessible to everyone. A whole layer of scientific literature on theater criticism and theater journalism existing today in the conditions of digitalization of the media space and reflecting the phenomena of digitalization of the theater itself was studied. The theater critic has always not only assessed the phenomena of art, but also described them, trying to preserve living emotional impressions, recreating the appearance of disappeared performances, recording unique moments of acting, measuring the “temperature” of the auditorium; analyzed the changing styles and artistic trends, preferences, tastes and moods of the public. It would seem that the tasks of a professional theater critic remain the same. In fact, much has changed not only in its status, goals, functions, tools, and the content it creates, but also in the situation around it. Today we are witnessing the emergence of a new generation of young theater critics, who do not always have a special theater education, have never worked in professional media, call themselves bloggers, but are just as active as professionals in judging the theater. The topic of this study seems relevant since the discrepancies between the points of view expressed by the designated parties on modern theater are becoming more and more obvious. Therefore, the aim of our research is to study Russian theater criticism through the prism of the discussions going on around and within it. The study used the method of observing the practice of modern theater criticism, analyzed joint discussions published over the past ten years in the Russian media and the Internet, individual interviews and articles by professional representatives of the theater critical workshop and “amateur” bloggers about the purpose of criticism and the meanings it defends and the tools used. As a result, differences in the work of professional theater critics and representatives of amateur theater blogging, on the one hand, and, paradoxically, a tendency towards their convergence, on the other, were revealed. The described situation differs from the relationship in the environment of professional and blogger journalism, which is not related to such a specific field as theater. The most advanced “amateur” theater critics understand that they still cannot exist without knowledge of its fundamentals and deep mastery of the profession, and specialists feel a natural urge to move to the blogosphere, which they consider as an attractive platform for reaching the audience in conditions of a shortage of traditional print media.
Phraseological units with the "monetary unit" component in the Russian and English languages
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Economics, Fedorova Nataliya Yu. , Yarmuhamedova Flyura M. ,   Russian State Hydrometeorological University
Published: October 2024

The article presents the results of a study aimed at revealing common characteristics and differences in the structure, lexical composition and semantics of English and Russian phraseological units that contain monetary units. Reflecting universal or culture-specific mentality characteristics, these phrases represent people’s attitude to money, to wealth or poverty. They also disclose people’s values, customary ways of living and inclinations, as well as their apprehension of one’s financial and social status. Both mono- and bilingual phraseological dictionaries served as sources of samples. The authors selected 220 Russian phrases and 116 English phrases. The sample phrases include proverbs and sayings, idioms, fixed expressions, collocations, metaphors, phraseological fusions that contain names of monetary units. It is interesting to note that in both languages names of coins that are out of circulation are quite frequent in phraseology. The authors employed component and semantic analysis to investigate the phrase samples features. The sample phrases were divided into several groups depending on the kind of monetary unit used as the key lexeme. The quantitative data unveil that the names of small coins (kopeck, penny, cent, etc.) outnumber the words “ruble” and “pound”. The study has shown that names of small coins in phraseology do not always mean “little money”. They sometimes mean large amounts of money, “a fortune”, mentioned in an ironic tone. Many phrases include small coins alongside with bigger ones. Small and large sums contrasted help to form utterances that moralize and evaluate people’s deeds in both languages. The next step was to divide the samples into three groups. Each one contained phrases with a definite connotation: negative, neutral and positive. The comparative analysis reveals that negative subjective evaluative component is frequent in both languages. However, the quantitative data demonstrate a substantial shift towards negative connotation of monetary units in the Russian phraseology. In the Russian phraseology negative phrases with monetary units constitute 63% of all samples, whereas in the English phraseology negative ones account for 28%. The use of names of small coins helps figuratively express how worthless, miserable or trivial the speech subject is. English phrases with neutral connotation are frequent (40%), but only 6% of neutral Russian phrases were found. This indicates that monetary units in the Russian phraseology tend to be used in utterances expressing either appraisal or condemnation and discontent. They substitute lengthy, neutral descriptive expressions. In the English language neutral phrases often have a nominative function and form names of objects and phenomena, without evaluating them in any subjective way.
Principles of continuous foreign language training for future engineers at the university
Authors:   Linguistic University of Nizhny Novgorod, Glumova Elena P. , Morozova Mayya A. ,   Novosibirsk State Technical University
Published: October 2024

The article discusses the issue of organizing continuous foreign language teaching of future engineers in higher education. The aim of the research is to consider the possibility of applying a non-linear approach to the organization of continuous foreign language learning for engineering students in higher education in terms of systemic, organizational, temporal and other aspects of continuous learning in relation to the Foreign Language discipline. The materials for the study were educational standards of higher education for engineering specialties, materials of engineering forums on the problem of engineering education modernization, regulatory and legal documents of the Advanced Engineering Schools project. The focus of attention is on the current requirements to the set of competencies of a future engineer concerning the development of supra-professional (flexible) skills, such as leadership and entrepreneurial skills; the ability to work in a team, present the results of work, interact in a team, etc.; research skills; skills and abilities required to perform tasks within the framework of interaction between universities and their industrial partners. The study formulates and reveals the principles of continuous foreign language teaching process of future engineers in a higher education institution – systemic, organizational, temporal, age-specific, content-specific, level-specific, technological, and socio-psychological. The principle of technological continuity consists in the development of a system of special tasks based on authentic digital corporate resources, a gradual increase in the number of authentic digital corporate resources used in the learning process, and a complication of tasks and types of learning activities developed on their basis. The principle of socio-psychological continuity of the foreign language learning process is important for the organization of the learning process, as it reflects the specificity of foreign language learning for future engineers and contributes to the successful development of supra-professional skills. The key role in the formulation of this principle is played by taking into account individual-psychological features of engineering students, such as aspiration for leadership, rational understanding of the surrounding reality, etc. These students are characterized by a higher level of general tension and a dominant level of non-verbal intelligence development compared to students of the humanities. Thus, the results of the study allow us to conclude that these principles should be taken into account when designing a system of special tasks, developed on the basis of authentic digital corporate resource s and the capabilities of digital technologies, and when developing an e-learning course in foreign language for future engineers at the bachelor’s and master’s levels in higher education.
The role, essence and significance of digital (electronic) evidence in criminal proceedings
Authors:   National Research University of Electronic Technology, Shatalov Aleksandr S.
Published: October 2024

The subject of the study was essentially identical, but artificially isolated concepts in the scientific literature: “digital evidence”, “electronic evidence” and “digital (electronic) evidence”. The article discusses their genesis and issues of the optimality of normative regulation in the current criminal procedural legislation of the Russian Federation. Analyzing the essence and content of these concepts, the author tried to understand how justified and necessary the efforts of proceduralists to implement them into the conceptual apparatus of the criminal procedure were. As a result, he was able to find out that the same phenomenon denoted by these concepts cannot be an independent type of evidence, since both “digital” and “electronic” evidence, in essence, represent the same artificially isolated source of information about facts, which can be used in criminal proceedings without any restrictions. Moreover, it can be any variety of them, received in electronic form. When conducting this research, the methods of formal and dialectical logic; historical and comparative legal methods; synthesis were used. Empirical methods of describing ideas about the criminal procedure as a science, an academic discipline or branch legislation, as a holistic concept whose maturity is emphasized by a system of its own definitions, unambiguous and clearly indicating known features that do not require additional explanation were also employed. Private scientific methods were also used: content analysis, legal-technical method, method of interpretation of specific legal norms, method of expert assessments. The results of the study boil down to the fact that “digital evidence”, “electronic evidence” and “digital (electronic) evidence”, regardless of their name, cannot replace other types of evidence in criminal cases. Information from the electronic environment, added to the materials of a criminal case as evidence, in fact only supplements them, and therefore can be used as an auxiliary confirmation or refutation of any facts of interest to the investigation and the court. The conclusions reached by the author are that currently “digital evidence”, “electronic evidence” and “digital (electronic) evidence” are not an independent source of evidence, since they act as artificially isolated information about certain facts of objective reality recorded in electronic form. Their further scientific conceptualization should be perceived as one of the highest priority tasks of the law of evidence, as a separate institution of the Russian criminal procedure. The need for its speedy solution obliges researchers to make efforts to eliminate problems one way or another associated with evidence of this type in order to ensure their reliability in proving in criminal cases.
Special types of theft
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Shesler Aleksandr V. ,   Kuzbass Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of the Russian Federation
Published: October 2024

The article considers the controversial issues of attributing Note 1 to Article 158 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (RF CC), which defines the concept of theft, to the theft of objects seized or restricted in civil circulation (narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, firearms, documents, etc.), called special theft in the criminal law literature. The aim of the article is to substantiate that this definition cannot be applied to special types of theft. The features of objects seized or restricted in civil circulation determine the content of the signs of the object, the objective side, the subjective side and the subject of special theft, which is different from the content of similar signs of the composition of theft provided for in Chapter 21 of RF CC. The research is based on domestic criminal and other branch laws, as well as on materials of judicial practice. In the process of working on the article, the following methods were used: the method of comparative jurisprudence, which made it possible to compare the provisions of articles of RF CC on embezzlement provided for in Chapter 21 of RF CC and on special embezzlement provided for in other chapters of RF CC (24, 25 and others); the method of document analysis, which made it possible to analyze judicial practice and Resolutions of the Plenums of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, which considered the qualification of special types of theft (narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, firearms, documents, etc.); a formal logical method that allowed an analysis of the content of the norms of RF CC on theft of objects seized or restricted in civil circulation. The article criticizes scientific positions on this issue, justifying the attribution of Note 1 to Article 158 of RF CC, which gives the concept of theft, to theft of objects seized or restricted in civil circulation. It is argued that judicial practice proceeds from the fact that special types of theft have qualification features that differ from the qualification of theft provided for in Chapter 21 of RF CC. It is noted that when stealing items seized or restricted in civil circulation, property is not only the main, but also an additional object of crime; the moment of the end of such theft should be associated with the moment when the culprit has the opportunity to dispose of the stolen at his discretion, and not with the moment of seizure of these items from someone else’s possession; a selfish goal is optional, and not a mandatory sign of such theft; the use of official position in the theft of these items may even consist in the use of ordinary labor functions when working with objects seized or restricted in civil circulation. It is proposed to take into account the highlighted features of special types of theft in the criminal law in the form of their separate definition in RF CC, different from the one given in Note 1 to Article 158 of RF CC.
The influence of crystalline salt hydrates in a fire extinguishing powder composition on its specific effectiveness in extinguishing flammable liquids
Authors:   Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences – branch of the Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Valtsifer Igor V. , Shamsutdinov Artem S. ,   Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences – branch of the Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Valtsifer Viktor A. ,   Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences – branch of the Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Strelnikov Vladimir N. ,   Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences – branch of the Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2024

The article presents the comparative evaluation of specific fire extinguishing efficiency of powder compositions containing crystalline hydrate salts as a gas-generating component. Thermodynamic calculations and experimental tests have shown a reduction in the consumption of powder compositions for extinguishing highly flammable liquids by at least 30% when hexahydrate of magnesium-ammonium phosphate MgNH4PO4∙6H2O is used as a component of fire extinguishing powders. The research has shown the advantage of implementing fine particles of crystalline hydrates (d<10 μm) obtained during the controlled precipitation process compared to analogs manufactured by mechanical grinding (d < 100 μm).
Development of modern fire-safe materials and technologies
Authors:   Ivanovo Fire Rescue Academy of the State Firefighting Service of Ministry of Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters, Malyj Igor A. , Sharabanova Irina Yu. ,   Ivanovo Fire Rescue Academy of the State Firefighting Service of Ministry of Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters, Syrbu Svetlana A. ,   Ivanovo Fire Rescue Academy of the State Firefighting Service of Ministry of Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters, Nikiforov Alexandr L. ,   Ivanovo Fire Rescue Academy of the State Firefighting Service of Ministry of Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters
Published: October 2024

The main directions in the field of development of fire-safe materials and technologies, implemented in Ivanovo Fire Rescue Academy of the State Firefighting Service of Ministry of Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters and the key scientific results obtained by the Academy's teams in this field are considered. The works are carried out in the field of fire protection of textile materials, fire protection of building materials, assessment of fire hazard of electrical cable products, protection of technological equipment from the formation of pyrophoric chemical compounds, development and research of fire extinguishing ability of fire extinguishing agents.
Chainsaw-Mouse, or Why It’s Time to Take a Break
Authors:   Moscow School of Social and Economic Sciences (MSSES), Novikov Ilya
Published: October 2024

Abstract? Summary? Dude, I’ve got no time to explain: 24 hours a day is already too little — no need to waste it any further. We need time to do the laundry, time to ride the metro, time to study, time to work. Add “time to defeat all the demons” to the list in case you work at the bureau of national security from the Chainsaw-man manga series. Throughout the story a highly relatable dilemma unfolds. I invite you to look at it through the lens of urban sociology and thus find a new — more practical, but less hopeful — answer.
Punch the Strong, Protect the Weak
Authors:   Moscow School of Social and Economic Sciences (MSSES), Shirshova Maria
Published: October 2024

The worlds of civil and criminal are so polarized, they rarely intertwine. One is of order and stability, the other is of sinister chaos. At least at the very first and deceiving sight. In strolls through the neon streets of the 1980’s Japan the truth slowly reveals itself. In the people’s gossip, in the shadows of city alleys — the feared and mysterious yakuza weave themselves into the city’s life. Just like the pollution from the society’s exhaust fumes, they seep into its tiniest crevices and bare it open with their dirty chains. The Yakuza series masterfully show this elusive yet strong bond. And with the sociology of power, we might dig deeper into its value and functions.
A Criminological Gallery of Gotham’s Villains
Authors:   Moscow School of Social and Economic Sciences (MSSES), Davletov Damir
Published: October 2024

The author, without resorting to deep theoretical analysis, shows how knowledge of sociology allows us to see more in ordinary Hollywood movies about heroes. Thus, the villains are no longer hostage to the plot, but hostage to social existence.
What Is Fiction? Frames in the Suspicious Owl Animated Series
Authors:   Moscow School of Social and Economic Sciences (MSSES), Erofeeva Maria ,   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Moscow, Russia
Published: October 2024

Explore the intricate relationship between reality and fiction in a thought-provoking examination of how we perceive and interact with fictional forms. Delve into the fascinating complexities of human experience through cinema, theater, and video games, and witness how they reflect and imitate our own reality. Understand the sociological underpinnings as illustrated by the American sociologist of everyday life Erving Goffman and embodied in the Suspicious Owl animated series. This exploration unravels the layers of perception and interpretation, demonstrating how our engagement with fiction influences our understanding of the real world. Whether you’re a fan of literature, film, or simply intrigued by the mechanics of the human mind, this perspective on the interplay between the real and unreal offers a compelling lens through which to view our daily lives. It’s a journey into the essence of our very being, a reflection of how we see ourselves, and a challenge to our assumptions about what is truly real.
Distance Learning in Russian Schools during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Predicting Student Outcomes
Authors: Isaeva Natalia , Kobtseva Anna , Tsatrian Marina
Published: October 2024

The outburst of COVID had a major impact on the lives of people all over the world. While educational systems were developing plans, preparing teachers and schools for transition to distance learning, students were left in the situation which required them to organize their studies by themselves. This paper attempts to identify predictors of student learning outcomes, namely, students’ self-rated achievements, learning effort, and emotions, during the lockdown based on the data derived via the School Barometer survey in Russia. A total of 22080 students from 85 Russian regions participated in the survey. Relative weight analysis found statistically significant predictors for students’ learning outcomes: ‘learning effort’ and ‘negative emotions’’. The paper addresses such issues as student autonomy, teaching practices, and access to education.
Quality of Early Childhood Education and Care in Kazakhstan: The First Nationwide Study
Authors: Kiikova Gaukhar , Bektemirova Altynay , Ramazanova Aizhan , Issina Zhazira , Chukurova Sogdiana
Published: October 2024

Currently, Kazakhstan has the highest enrolment rate in the history of early childhood education and care (ECEC), with 98% enrolment for children aged three to six years old. With this significant expansion of ECEC, there is a lack of sufficient evidence on its overall quality. This study is the first countrywide study aimed to evaluate the ECEC quality in Kazakhstan using the internationally recognized Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale (ECERS-3). We looked at 50 preschool classrooms from all regions of Kazakhstan. The preschools had different combinations of the following characteristics: located in urban/rural areas; state/private; with Russian/Kazakh-language instruction. The scores demonstrated ‘below the minimal’ quality of ECEC in Kazakhstan. No correlation was found between the quality of ECEC and regions or types of settlement. Findings revealed such problems as deprivation of play, predominance of teacher-led pedagogy, large child-to-staff ratio and others. Children are not offered adequate amounts or variety of cognitively stimulating opportunities that would support their development and learning. There was a statistically significant difference in  quality depending on the language of instruction. Kazakh groups were more likely to score worse than Russian ones (N=47, p=.026). The reasons for these findings are numerous, both due to the complexity of the ‘quality’ notion, as well as various issues that influence the quality of ECEC in Kazakhstan.
Gamification in Education and Demand for Acquired Skills: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tikhomirova Daria , Tregubova Anna , Ternikov Andrei
Published: October 2024

The main focus of the paper is to present a systematic review of research by analyzing the state of gamification in higher education and its connection to labor demand. 80 papers published in high-impact academic journals over the last decade are reviewed. This study contributes to the research by attributing embedded gamification to skills acquired for recruitment purposes. In terms of managerial implications, research findings in the area have encouraged educators to embed gaming elements in their teaching routines to not only increase students' levels of motivation, engagement, and knowledge retention, but also to release into the labor market a sought-after workforce with all the necessary skills. Therefore, this paper demonstrates the effectiveness of the universal learning model, which ensures improvement of learning tasks with a view to training competitive specialists. The results suggest that the skills acquired by students in an educational process with integrated game-based elements tend to be in high demand on the labor market. The novelty of the work lies in the taxonomy of theories and methods in the field related to the acquisition of essential skills.
Application of the Contemporary Psychometrics for Assessing Economic Literacy
Authors: Kardanova Elena , Dementiev Andrei , Denisov Ilya , Zueva Irina , Federiakin Denis
Published: October 2024

Currently, new skills and various types of "new literacies" relevant to the modern world are becoming issues of growing importance. One of them is economic literacy; however, there are only few assessment instruments that fulfil the academic requirements for its assessment among university students. One of such internationally established instruments is the Test of Understanding in College Economics (TUCE), which is a popular tool in empirical studies of economic literacy in many countries around the world. Despite its advantages, the currently available version of the TUCE designed for American colleges back in 2006, is prone to cheating and provides limited opportunities for formative feedback.
The purpose of this paper is to present the Updated Test of Understanding in College Economics (U-TUCE). In developing the U-TUCE, we utilized the capabilities of contemporary psychometrics, which offer sufficient advances in overcoming all limitations of the original TUCE mentioned before. First, we present a revised theoretical framework of the U-TUCE, highlighting that the test measures different types of mastery of economic literacy. Second, we describe the approaches used for modifying the TUCE items and developing new items. A half of the original test items have been replaced or redesigned to reflect the economic context that has changed since 2006. Third, we utilize the logic of automatic item generation algorithms to increaseg the level of test protection against cheating. We made all changes in such a way as to maintain comparability with the previous versions of the TUCE test if necessary. Finally, the use of the Item Response Theory (IRT) is paired up with that of Cognitive Diagnostic Modeling (CDM) to ensure the quality of the U-TUCE and enhance its formative value. We show that IRT can be used to estimate the construct as a whole (which is of interest to researchers, administrators, and policy makers), while CDM provides information relating to each of the construct components, which are of interest to educational practitioners and students themselves. The results of the data analyses show that the test can be used for both purposes simultaneously.
How Students Behave while Solving Critical Thinking Tasks in an Unconstrained Online Environment: Insights from Process Mining
Authors: Beliaeva Anastasia
Published: October 2024

To learn successfully with the use of various internet resources, students must acquire critical thinking skills that will enable them to critically search, evaluate, select and verify information online. Defined as Critical Online Reasoning, this complex latent construct manifests itself in an unconstrained online environment and is measured on two levels: students’ work product (an essay) and the process of task completion (online behaviour patterns). This research employs process mining techniques to investigate the possibility of distinguishing between students’ successful and unsuccessful attempts to take the test. The findings of the work were gained on generalised behaviour patterns from the process mining algorithm deployed on two groups of students (63 low performing and 45 high performing students). Divided by the work product score, the two groups exposed some differences in their online behaviour, with the high performers showing more strategic behaviour and effective search and use of information online. However, the research has also shown the downside of process mining as a tool for generalisation of process patterns.
UTILIZAÇÃO DE INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL PARA REALIZAR UMA FABRICAÇÃO MAIS SUSTENTÁVEL DE UM FERRO FUNDIDO NODULAR AUSTEMPERADO
Authors: Brustolin Nilton Renê Alberto , Hofmam Diogo , Janissek Paulo Roberto , Lessa Cleber Rodrigo de Lima
Published: October 2024

O ferro fundido nodular austemperado (ADI) tem ganhado destaque na indústria devido ao seu ótimo desempenho mecânico e à vantajosa relação custo-benefício. A microestrutura ausferrítica, resultante do processo de tratamento térmico por austêmpera, confere ao ADI propriedades mecânicas equivalentes com algumas aplicações de outros materiais, mas com menor custo de produção. Este estudo explora o uso de técnicas de Inteligência Artificial (IA), como Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNAs), para possibilitar uma produção sustentável, que garanta o desempenho exigido por norma e tenha um custo competitivo. Um cálculo de carga preciso é fundamental para garantir a composição química adequada, otimizando o uso de matérias-primas. Através da análise de dados de composições e ensaios mecânicos, a RNA identificou padrões e relações entre as variáveis, permitindo o desenvolvimento de modelos preditivos das propriedades. Assim, foi possível obter uma composição química com minimização tanto do custo de produção, quanto da utilização de matérias primas, mas que principalmente atende aos requisitos normativos, como a ASTM A897/897M. O estudo avaliou a produção de ADI por fundição com análises microestruturais (microscopia óptica, eletrônica e difração de raios X) e ensaios mecânicos (tração e dureza) padronizados. Parcerias com empresas do setor viabilizaram essa produção. Portanto, essa investigação mostra que a utilização de IA na indústria de fundição traz perspectivas promissoras de otimização da reutilização de matérias primas para compor a composição química, reduzindo impactos ambientais e o consumo de recursos naturais.
West Nile virus NS2B-NS3 protease fusion construct small scale expression and purification protocol v2
Authors: Wang Korvus , fairhead michael , Williams Eleanor
Published: October 2024

This protocol details the co-expression and purification of West Nile virus NS2B-NS3 protease fusion construct bearing a N-terminal His-StrepII tag at small scale (<6L). This protocol produces enzymatically active product that is suitable for biochemical assays.The construct used was QQ01WNVNS2B-c003.
IgA Metagenomic Immunoglobulin Sequencing (MIG-Seq) v1
Authors: R Olm Matthew , Spencer Sean
Published: October 2024

IgA, the most highly produced human antibody, is continually secreted into the gut to shape the intestinal microbiota. Methodological limitations have critically hindered defining which microbial strains are targeted by IgA and why. Here, we develop a new technique, Metagenomic Immunoglobulin Sequencing (MIG-Seq), and use it to determine IgA coating levels for thousands of gut microbiome strains in healthy humans. We find that microbes associated with both health and disease have higher levels of coating, and that microbial genes are highly predictive of IgA binding levels, with mucus degradation genes especially correlated with high binding. We find a significant reduction in replication rates among microbes bound by IgA, and demonstrate that IgA binding is more correlated with host immune status than traditional microbial abundance measures. This study introduces a powerful technique for assessing strain-level IgA binding in human stool, paving the way for deeper understanding of IgA-based host microbe interactions.