bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feedforward consequences of isometric contractions: effort and ventilation
Authors: Luu Billy L. , Smith Janette L. , Martin Peter G. , McBain Rachel A. , Taylor Janet L. , Butler Jane E.
Published: August 2016

The onset of voluntary muscle contractions causes rapid increases in ventilation and is accompanied by a sensation of effort. Both the ventilatory response and perception of effort are proportional to contraction intensity, but these behaviors have been generalized from contractions of a single muscle group. Our aim was to determine how these relationships are affected by simultaneous contractions of multiple muscle groups. We examined the ventilatory response and perceived effort of contraction during separate and simultaneous isometric contractions of the contralateral elbow flexors and of an ipsilateral elbow flexor and knee extensor. Subjects made 10‐sec contractions at 25, 50, and 100% of maximum during normocapnia and hypercapnia. For simultaneous contractions, both muscle groups were activated at the same intensities. Ventilation was measured continuously and subjects rated the effort required to produce each contraction. As expected, ventilation and perceived effort increased proportionally with contraction intensity during individual contractions. However, during simultaneous contractions, neither ventilation nor effort reflected the combined muscle output. Rather, the ventilatory response was similar to when contractions were performed separately, and effort ratings showed a small but significant increase for simultaneous contractions. Hypercapnia at rest doubled baseline ventilation, but did not affect the difference in perceived effort between separate and simultaneous contractions. The ventilatory response and the sense of effort at the onset of muscle activity are not related to the total output of the motor pathways, or the working muscles, but arise from cortical regions upstream from the motor cortex.
Biomedical and Health Informatics Education – the IMIA Years
Authors: Mantas J.
Published: August 2016

Objective: This paper presents the development of medical informatics education during the years from the establishment of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) until today.

Method: A search in the literature was performed using search engines and appropriate keywords as well as a manual selection of papers. The search covered English language papers and was limited to search on papers title and abstract only.

Results: The aggregated papers were analyzed on the basis of the subject area, origin, time span, and curriculum development, and conclusions were drawn.

Conclusions: From the results, it is evident that IMIA has played a major role in comparing and integrating the Biomedical and Health Informatics educational efforts across the different levels of education and the regional distribution of educators and institutions. A large selection of references is presented facilitating future work on the field of education in biomedical and health informatics.
Leidinio ARCHAEOLOGIA LITUANA informacija autoriams
Authors: Lituana Archeologia
Published: August 2016

...
Lobizmas ir papirkimas – problemos analizė, remiantis Lenkijos Respublikos baudžiamojo kodekso nuostatomis
Authors: Łukomska M Aria
Published: August 2016

Straipsnyje pristatomi įvairių institucijų 2004 m. atlikti korupcijos lygio Lenkijoje tyrimų rezulta­tai, atskleidžiamas lobizmo, kaip demokratinėje visuomenėje teigiamai vertintino proceso, ir papir­kimo – nusikalstamos veikos, numatytos Lenkijos Respublikos baudžiamojo kodekso 230 straipsnio 1 paragrafe, santykis, pateikiant pagrindinius nusikals­tamos veikos – papirkimo – sudėties požymius bei skirtingas Lenkijos teisininkų mokslininkų pozicijas dėl lobizmo esmės.Straipsnyje kritikuojamas Lenkijos lobizmo pro­cesus reguliuojantis įstatymas pirmiausia dėl nusta­tytos per siauros lobizmo sampratos (lobizmas sieja­mas tik su tam tikrų socialinių grupių įtaka įstatymų leidybai), pavyzdiniu pripažįstamas Jungtinių Ame­rikos Valstijų ir Kanados lobizmo reglamentavimo apibrėžimas. Lenkijos lobizmo įstatymas kritikuoja­mas ir dėl to, kad jame expresis verbis nenurodomi veiksmai, nors ir formaliai atitinkantys lobizmo sam­pratą, tačiau nelaikytini lobizmu (remiantis Jungtinių Amerikos Valstijų ir Lietuvos teisinio reglamentavi­mo pavyzdžiais, nurodoma, kad tai yra visuomenės informavimo priemonių savininkų, mokslininkų etc. veikla). Taip pat pažymima, kad Lenkijos lobizmą reglamentuojantis įstatymas nenurodo lobistų teisių ir pareigų, taip pat asmenų, negalinčių būti lobistais, sąrašo; pabrėžiama ir tai, kad nustatytos pernelyg švelnios sankcijos už neteisėtą lobizmo veiklą. This publication is focused on functioning and legal regulation of lobbying in Poland and covers negati­ve and positive aspects of the phenomenon in question. Particular attention will also be paid to studying the corruptive nature of lobbying and requirements provided for by the legal regulations which may be used for the control purposes or in order to make a hidden lobbying revealed.
Hipokrato priesaika ir eutanazijos bei padėjimo nusižudyti kriminalizavimas: baudžiamosios teisės ir moralės santykio problemos
Authors: Liesis Mantas
Published: August 2016

Straipsnyje remiantis Hipokrato priesaikos, kaip etinio dokumento, ir baudžiamosios teisės normų, krimi­nalizuojančių eutanaziją ir padėjimą nusižudyti, pavyzdžiu nagrinėjama platesnė baudžiamosios teisės ir moralės santykio problema. In the article under the example of Hippocratic oath as the ethical document and the norms of criminal law which criminalize euthanasia and assisted suicide broader problem of the relationship between cri­minal law and morality is discussed.
Kai kurios baudžiamosios atsakomybės už nusikaltimus vaikų seksualinio apsisprendimo laisvei ir neliečiamumui reglamentavimo problemos
Authors: Abramavičius A Rmanas , Švedas G Intaras
Published: August 2016

Straipsnyje analizuojami kai kurie probleminiai baudžiamosios atsakomybės už nusikaltimus vaikų sek­sualinio apsisprendimo laisvei ir neliečiamumui reglamentavimo aspektai. The article analyzes certain problematical aspects of the reglamentation of the criminal responsibility for the crimes against sexual freedom and inviolability of juveniles.
Kai kurios asmens perdavimo pagal Europos arešto orderį baudžiamajam persekiojimui teorinės ir praktinės problemos
Authors: Švedas Gintaras
Published: August 2016

Straipsnyje analizuojama Europos arešto orderio samprata ir jį reglamentuojantys teisės aktai, taip pat kai kurios Europos arešto orderio įgyvendinimo Lietuvoje teorinės ir praktinės problemos.The article analyzes the conception of the European arrest warrant as well as some theoretical and prac­tical problems arising in the process of implementation of the European arrest warrant in Lithuania.
Wise People of Great Power
Authors: Wright Robin M.
Published: August 2016

Indigenous prophet movements in the Americas have historically engaged the most threatening and dangerous Other, the White Man. The savants of the Northwest Amazon region of South America have mostly sought to defy the destructive power of the White Man’s knowledge by disclosing hidden, internal sources of conmict and conserving religious traditions. A long succession of prophetic leaders from the mid-nineteenth century to the present has sustained the continuity of ancestral traditions even at great risk to the leaders’ lives. I take a multiplex, interpretive approach to these shamanic traditions, grounded in the exegesis of their ancestral practices.
The Necessity to Rethink Magic
Authors: Lyon William S.
Published: August 2016

Between 1972 and 1999 different physicists from the United States and Europe ran a series of repeat experiments that would lnally settle a longstanding debate that had begun in 1927 between Albert Einstein and Niels Bohr as to the fundamental nature of reality. Much to their surprise, the test results indicated that matter and consciousness are somehow interrelated at the quantum level of reality, the view held by Bohr. This interaction became known in physics as the ‘observer effect’, and it ended our long-held assumption that reality operates on strictly mechanical principles. Despite its far-reaching implications, this extraordinary, new view of reality has been virtually ignored by scholars. Nevertheless, given our knowledge of shamans and their use of purported supernatural powers, we are now faced with a demand from physics to reconsider our own views on magic.
Mauna Kea: Ho‘omana Hawai‘i and Protecting the Sacred
Authors: Brown Marie Alohalani
Published: August 2016

A culturally informed understanding of what constitutes the sacred is the impetus for Kanaka Maoli (Native Hawaiian) struggles to protect that which they consider deserving of profound respect, such as ancestral remains, places, geographical features, animals, plants, and traditions. The controversy over the construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) near the summit of Mauna Kea, also known as Mauna a Wakea, has garnered global attention and brought misconceptions about and biases towards Ho‘omana Hawai‘i (set of beliefs and belief-related practices indigenous to the Hawaiian Islands) to the fore because at the core of Kanaka Maoli efforts to protect the mountain is the belief that it is sacred. In public forums such as newspapers and social media, people have denied that Mauna a Wakea is sacred and questioned the authenticity of ceremonies on the basis that the Hawaiian religion is defunct. In actuality, there is abundant evidence for arguing the contrary.
MULTILINGUAL INTERACTIONS IN A COLLABORATIVE SITUATION: THE EXAMPLE OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN ST. MARTIN
Authors: CANDAU Olivier-Serge
Published: August 2016

RÉSUMÉ. Cet article vise à rendre compte de pratiques bilingues (anglais et français) d’élèves saint-martinois en situation collaborative afin d’enrichir le débat sur les langues et les savoirs. Cette recherche s’appuie sur deux corpus constitués d’interactions entre lycéens lors de séances de soutien scolaire, et étudiés selon l’analyse conversationnelle. Croisant modalité collaborative et didactique du bilinguisme, l’étude modélise la gestion des ressources langagières au regard des savoirs et des savoir-faire mobilisés durant l’interaction. Elle vise ainsi à établir en quoi, à quelles conditions et par quels mécanismes les interactions entre les deux langues interviennent dans la construction de compétences cognitives scolaires.

 

Mots-clés: alternances de langues, compétences, collaboration, didactique du bilinguisme. 

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ABSTRACT. This article aims to explore the bilingual practices (English and French) used by students from St Martin in a collaborative situation, in order to enrich the debate on languages and knowledge. This research is based on two corpora consisting of interactions between high school pupils during their educational support sessions, and which are studied using conversational analysis; the study uses this combination of collaborative methods and bilingual education to model the management of linguistic resources with regard to the factual knowledge and practical skills brought into play during the interaction. The challenge of this study is therefore to establish what is involved, and under which conditions and through which mechanisms the interactions between two languages (English and French) may contribute to the construction of cognitive learning skills.

 

Keywords: bilinguism and teaching methods, code-switching, collaborative learning, learning skills.
EQUINE THERMOREGULATORY RESPONSES DURING SUMMERTIME ROAD TRANSPORT AND STALL CONFINEMENT
Authors: GREEN ANGELA R. , GATES RICHARD S. , LAWRENCE LAURIE M.
Published: August 2016

Thermoregulatory responses of horses subjected to summer-time roadtransport and stall confinement were investigated in this study. Six mature geldings weretransported 168 km in a 4-horse trailer and were monitored while tethered in their stalls, onalternate days. Core body temperature (GT) demonstrated negligible response duringtransport, but GT following transport was higher than GT for non-transport. GT tended toincrease with increased temperature humidity index (THI). THI within the trailer wasgreatest for positions near the front, and was influenced by daily weather which varied overexperiment days from heat stress conditions to moderate discomfort.
COMPÓSITO À BASE DE RESÍDUOS AGRÍCOLAS PARA APLICAÇÃO COMO FORRO EM AVIÁRIOS
Authors: Cravo J. C. M. , Sartori D. de L. , Balieiro J. C. de C. , Fiorelli J.
Published: August 2016

O forro é uma alternativa para amenizar o fluxo de calor para o interior dos aviários. Porém, os principais materiais isolantes são tóxicos quando queimados. Nessa ótica, esse estudo investigou as propriedades térmicas e o efeito da durabilidade nas propriedades mecânicas de um compósito à base de resíduos agrícolas para aplicação como forro em aviários. Foram utilizadas partículas de casca de amendoim, fibra de coco (50:50) e 15% de resina poliuretana bi-componente à base de óleo de mamona. O calor específico, a difusividade térmica e o atraso térmico foram mensurados e comparados com outros materiais isolantes. O efeito da durabilidade foi avaliado mediante ao desempenho de módulo de ruptura e o módulo elástico. Os resultados térmicos relataram que o compósito apresenta potencial para aplicação como isolante térmico, enquanto que a avaliação da durabilidade revelou a necessidade de incorporar um revestimento para assegurar constância das propriedades mecânicas do compósito.
Experimental Investigation of the Three-point Bending Fatigue Properties of Carbon Fiber Composite Laminates
Authors: He Meihong , Yang Tao , Niu Xuejuan , Du Yu
Published: August 2016

The three point bending fatigue properties of carbon fiber epoxy matrix composite laminates were compared for fatigue loading stress levels of 75, 80 and 85%, and fatigue loading frequencies of 10, 15 and 20Hz, respectively. The experimental results showed that: the bending fatigue life of the composites obviously decreased with the increase of the fatigue loading stress level or the loading frequency. The fatigue damage accumulation process could be divided into three distinct stages according to the accumulation rate: fast, slow and then fast. When the loading stress level was increased from 75 to 85%, the duration of the third stage decreased from 40 to 10% of the overall fatigue life. When the loading frequency was increased from 10 to 20Hz, the duration of the third stage increased from 20 to 40% of the overall fatigue life. Matrix cracking, fiber breaking, interface debonding and delamination were identified as the main three-point bending fatigue damage modes of the carbon fiber composite material, and the stress level and the loading frequency were found to significantly influence the fatigue failure properties of the composites.
Hysteresis Characteristic in Hump Region of a Pump-Turbine Model
Authors: Li Deyou , Wang Hongjie , Chen Jinxia , Nielsen Torbjørn K. , Qin Daqing , Wei Xianzhu
Published: August 2016

The hump characteristic is one of the major instabilities in pump-turbines. When pump-turbines operate in the hump region, strong noise and serious fluctuations could be observed, which are harmful to the safe and stable operations and even destroy the whole unit as well as water conveyance system. In this paper, a low specific speed (nq = 36.1 min−1) pump-turbine model was experimentally investigated. Firstly, the hump characteristic was obtained under 19 mm guide vane opening. More interestingly, when the hump characteristic was measured in two directions (increasing and decreasing the discharge), the hysteresis characteristic was found during the hump region. The analysis of performance characteristics reveals that the hump instability is resultant of Euler momentum and hydraulic losses, and different Euler momentum and hydraulic losses in the two development processes lead to hysteresis phenomenon. Then, 12 pressure sensors were mounted in the different parts of the pump-turbine model to obtain the time and frequency characteristics. The analysis of fast Fourier transform confirms that the hump characteristic is related to the low-frequency (0.04–0.15 times rotational frequency) vortices. The occurrence and cease of vortices depend on the operating condition and measurement direction, which contribute to the hysteresis characteristic. Finally, the type of the low-frequency vortices was analyzed through the cross power spectrum.
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Mesh Independency Study of A Straight Blade Horizontal Axis Tidal Turbine
Authors: Kulkarni Siddharth Suhas , Chapman Craig , Shah Hanifa
Published: August 2016

This paper numerically investigates a 3D mesh independency study of a straight blade horizontal axis tidal turbine modelled using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The solution was produced by employing two turbulence models, the standard k-ε model and Shear Stress Transport (SST) in ANSYS CFX. Three parameters were investigated: mesh resolution, turbulence model, and power coefficient in the initial CFD, analysis. It was found that the mesh resolution and the turbulence model affect the power coefficient results. The power coefficients obtained from the standard k-ε model are 15% to 20% lower than the accuracy of the SST model. It can also be demonstrated that the torque coefficient increases with the increasing Tip Speed Ratio (TSR), but drops drastically after TSR = 5 and k-ε model failing to capture the non-linearity in the torque coefficient with the increasing TSR.
Potential Application of Modified α-Mangostin Xanthones from Garcinia mangostana as Antibacterial Agents in Food Packaging
Authors: Narasimhan Srinivasan , Maheshwaran Shanmugam , Poltronieri Palmiro , Abu-Yousef Imad A. , Majdalawieh Amin F. , Rethavathi Janarthanam , Das Prince Edwin
Published: August 2016

The microbial contamination in food packaging have been a major concern that paved the way for the search for natural based new anti-microbial agents, such as modified α-mangostin. In the present work, twelve synthetic analogs were obtained via semi-synthetic modification of α-mangostin by Ritter reaction, reduction by palladium-carbon (Pd-C), alkylation, and acetylation. The evaluation of the anti-microbial potential of the synthetic analogs showed higher therapeutic value than the parent molecule. The anti-microbial studies proved that I E showed higher antibacterial activity whereas I I showed most significant antifungal activity. Due to their microbial properties, modified α-mangostin can be utilized as active anti-microbial agents in food packaging.
Soil Tillage Systems and Wheat Yield in Climate Change Scenarios
Authors: Servadio Pieranna , Bergonzoli Simone , Beni Claudio
Published: August 2016

In this study the effects of three different main preparatory tillage operations [ploughing at 0.4 m (P40) and 0.20 m (P20) depth and minimum tillage at 0.20 m depth (MT) each of them carried out at two different soil water contents (WC) [low, 58% (LH) and high, 80% (HH) of field capacity] were investigated. The results obtained in this research show high values of soil strength in term of Penetration resistance (CI) and shear strength (SS) particularly in deeper soil layers at lower water content. Fossil-fuel energy requirements both for P40 LH and P20 LH were 25 and 35% higher with respect to the HH treatments and tractor slip were very high (P40 LH = 32.4%) with respect to the P40 HH treatment (16%). Therefore soil water content had significantly influenced tractor performance during soil ploughing, particularly at 0.40 m depth while MT was not influenced at all. A significant correlation between grain yield and soil penetration resistance was found highlighting how soil strength may be good indicator of its productivity. Obtained results during these field tests allowed considering MT and P20 treatments more suitable for this type of soil in climate change scenarios.
Guided Writing to Improve the Students’ Writing Ability of Junior High School Students
Authors: Ningsih Suma
Published: August 2016

The problems of writing are found at MTs Almuna Samarinda; the students are reluctant to write English, they are difficult to express their ideas and thought to the paragraph writing, they made many grammatical mistakes in their writing, and they are also lack of vocabulary in their writing so that it made their writing monoton. This is a classroom action research which aimed at improving the students’ writing ability of madrasah students. The setting of the research is the second grade students of MTs Almuna Samarinda. The instruments of the study are observation and writing test. The result of study shows that Guided writing can overcome the problems in the teaching of writing found at MTs Almuna Samarinda. It was found that in preliminary study, there were 14 students (50%) who achieved minimum passing grade and there were 14 students (50%) of the students who did not pass the minimum passing grade, the highest score was 80 and the lowest score was 50. In Cycle 1, there were 18 students (64%) who achieved minimum passing grade and there were 10 students (36%) of the students who did not pass the minimum passing grade, the highest score was 80 and the lowest score was 55. This cycle was not successful because it did not reach the criteria of success, 70. In Cycle 2, there were 22 students (79%) who achieved minimum passing grade and there were 6 students (21%) of the students who did not pass the minimum passing grade, the highest score was 90 and the lowest score was 60. This cycle was successful because it reached the criteria of success
“Quanto Mais Você Me Nega, Mais Eu Me Reafirmo”: Visibilidade e Afetos na Cena Negra Periférica Paulistana
Authors: Moutinho Laura , Alves Valéria , Mateuzi Milena
Published: August 2016

Este texto tem por objetivo colocar em perspectiva alguns dosdebates políticos recentes que poderiam ser compreendidoscomo parte do que nomeamos como “marcadores sociais da diferença” e “interseccionalidade”. Tendo sido escrito por pesquisadorasqueocupamdiferentesposiçõesnavidasocial,napolítica e na esfera acadêmica, o objetivo mais amplo é o de cruzarexperiências e trajetórias no sentido de produzir uma reflexãoafinada com algumas ações políticas recentes sobre gênero eraça, feminismo e racismo/antirracismo e, por fim, sobre a desigualdade social.O cenário desta análise é a cidade de SãoPaulo, mas as experiências narradas e a análise dialogam com movimentos e iniciativas similares que vêm ocorrendo em diferentes partes do Brasil.
Asupan Protein dan Kalium Berhubungan dengan Penurunan Tekanan Darah Pasien Hipertensi Rawat Jalan (Protein and Potassium Intake Related to Decreased Blood Pressure in Outclinic Hypertensive Patients)
Authors: Kusumastuty Inggita , Widyani Desty , Wahyuni Endang Sri
Published: August 2016

AbstrakHipertensi merupakan salah satu penyakit degeneratif yang prevalensinya semakin meningkat setiap tahun. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi adalah asupan protein dan kalium. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan asupan protein dan asupan kalium terhadap tekanan darah pasien hipertensi rawat jalan di Puskesmas Bareng Kota Malang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah cross sectional. Sampel dipilih dengan cara purposive sampling sebanyak 60 orang pasien hipertensi yang ada diwilayah kerja Puskesmas Bareng dan sudah memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji korelasi Spearman dengan variabel yang diukur yaitu asupan protein, asupan kalium, tekanan darah sistolik, dan tekanan darah diastolik. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara asupan protein dengan tekanan darah sistolik (rs= -0,407, p=0,001) dan tekanan darah diastolik (rs = -0,519, p=0,000) dengan arah korelasi negatif. Asupan kalium berhubungan dengan tekanan darah sistolik (rs= -0,518, p=0,000) dan tekanan darah diastolik (rs= -0,419, p=0,000) dengan arah korelasi negatif. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah asupan protein dan asupan kalium berhubungan signifikan dengan penurunan tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi.Kata kunci: protein, kalium, tekanan darah, hipertensi.Â AbstractHypertension is one of the degenerative diseases whose prevalence experiences an increase every year. One of the factors that influence blood pressure in hypertensive patients is protein and potassium intake. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of protein intake and potassium intake on blood pressure in hypertensive outpatient in community health centers of Bareng Malang. The method of this study was cross â€“ sectional study. Samples were selected by purposive sampling with 60 hypertensive patients who have already met the inclusion criteria. Statistical test used Spearman correlation test with a variable that measured protein intake, potassium intake, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Bivariate testÂ indicates that a protein intake was related significantly associated to systolic blood pressure (rs = -0,407, p = 0,001) and diastolic blood pressure (rs = -0,519, p = 0,000) leading to negative correlation. Potassium intake had a significant correlation to systolic blood pressure (rs = -0518, p=0,000) and diastolic blood pressure (rs= -0419, p=0.000) leading to negative correlation. It was then concluded from thisresearch that protein and potassium intake was associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure.Keywords: protein, potassium, blood pressure, hypertension.
Cultural Pathology of Double Glazed Windows in terms of Environmental Connectivity Culture in Iran
Authors: Parsaei Nastaran , Soleymanpour Rana , Navasar Asl , Banaei Maryam
Published: August 2016

One of the main sustainable products for reducing fuel consumption is a double-glazed window. Despite the positive impacts of these windows in Iran, maybe usage of them has negative effects on environmental connectivity. Environmental connectivity is important in Iranian’s culture in different aspects of privacy and nature relatedness that has influenced the architecture of Windows. The aim of this research is to study the cultural pathology of double glazed windows in today's housing of Iran by analyzing Spearman correlation coefficient. Also, we suggest patterns from traditional windows to improve the environmental connectivity culture by focusing on sustainable designing.
Environmental Mapping Framework and Childhood Obesity in Selangor, Malaysia
Authors: Mohd Abd Majid Hayati Adilin , Danis Ajau , Ahmad Sharoni Siti Khuzaimah , Khalid Mastura
Published: August 2016

The schools environment might be one of the factors that contribute to childhood obesity since children spent most of their time at school. This study aimed to identify the compliance of selected schools in Selangor, Malaysia with whole-school mapping framework and prevalence of obesity among primary school children in rural and urban environmental settings. A total of 1200 children aged 10-11 years from 60 schools in rural and urban area in Selangor involved in this study and their BMI was calculated. The compliance of each school environmental factors was determined by using whole-school environmental mapping framework's questionnaires.
Investigating User Perception of High-Performance Schools about Factors Associated with Building Energy Efficiency
Authors: Mohd Salleh Mohd Najib , Kandar Mohd Zin , Md Sakip Siti Rasidah
Published: August 2016

Energy demand in buildings can be reduced by improving energy efficiency. MS1525 has recommended that energy efficiency for Non- Residential Buildings in Malaysia to be not more than 135kWh/m²/year. A school building is a non-residential building and has major social responsibilities. Based on the theory of building energy-efficiency, energy efficiency can be achieved through three main factors: a) design of buildings; b) design of services; and c) user behavior. This study aims to investigate the user perceptions in High-Performance Schools. The questionnaire viewed three main perceptions of users: perception of user behavior, the perception of building design and perception of services design.
Health Screening Behaviour among Female Urban Dwellers
Authors: Abdullah Nik Nairan , Ahmad Saman Mohd Shahril , Mohd Noor Nor Aini
Published: August 2016

An ageing population is a public health challenge, affects most countries. Health screenings are able to detect diseases at the earliest stage. A cross-sectional study in December 2014 conducted among 643 older women who randomly interviewed using structured questionnaire from two urban governmental health centres in Malaysia. Aims of the study were to describe health screening services behaviour and health care accessibility among women aged 50 and above. Factors such as living arrangement and age played important roles in health screening execution among older female community dwellers. Advocacy on health screening is vital as to reduce the morbidity and mortality among them.
Effects of Dual-Task Conditions on Turning Characteristics of Stroke Survivors in Healthcare Environment
Authors: Manaf Haidzir , Mohd Mustafah Nadia , Bukry Saiful Adli , Justine Maria
Published: August 2016

Turning is an attentionally demanding task for stroke survivors especially when it involves challenging environments. The aim of this study was to investigate turning characteristics under dual-task conditions (dual motor and dual cognitive) in stroke survivors and healthy controls. We compared the turning characteristics based on the following: (1) staggering, (2) number of steps, (3) time was taken, and (4) strategy used to complete a 180º turn. We found that stroke survivors presented with turning difficulty, especially under dual cognitive task. Forthcoming research is needed to investigate further the social impact of stroke survival in their current environment.
Design Transformation based on Nature and Identity Formation in the Design of Landscape Elements
Authors: Muslim Zulkifli
Published: August 2016

There is a lack of initiative from the designers to integrate the environmental resources in the material and design production of local urban landscape elements that reflects human culture and lifestyle. Based on criteria and principles of symbol design and transformation process, this paper describes the symbiotic relationship between local plants (flower) and designs of landscape elements. Using visual analysis, the researcher manipulated shapes and forms of local plant images in producing possible shapes and forms for a design of landscape element (lamp post). The results indicate that the design transformation is a systematic process that allows for variations in design without losing the core characteristics and identity of the basic elements of nature.
Assessment of Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) in Transitional Spaces of a High-Rise Building
Authors: Taib Nooriati , Ali Zalila
Published: August 2016

One passive approach that can significantly reduce energy usage in high-rise buildings is through the creation of non-air conditioned spaces such as transitional spaces. Optimizing passive design would reduce wastage associated with the building’s energy consumption. The study measures the thermal comfort of three types of transitional spaces (sky court, balcony, and rooftop) in a high-rise office building. Based on the assessment of Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET), the outcome showed significant differences in PET in all locations in both wet and dry season. The effectiveness of such area can be improved with the contributions of landscape, maximizing natural ventilation and day lighting where possible.
Public Life of Small Towns Public Open Spaces in North Sumatra Province
Authors: Nasution Achmad Delianur , Zahrah Wahyuni
Published: August 2016

The urbanization process that change urban space and people also goes on in small towns in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. As the region becomes more urbanized, commercial centers grow up. In contrast, public open space tends to decline. In this condition, the study aim is to explore the public life that goes on. The research indicates that almost POS was not designed based on common criteria of successful POS in those of developed countries. However, people utilize the POS intensively and meet people needs. The using grade of the POS shows that there is no a significant different between well-design and poor design POS.
Natural Beauty or Artificial Beauty? The effects of different garden styles on viewer physiological and psychological responses
Authors: Chiang Yen-Cheng
Published: August 2016

This study purpose is investigated whether people prefer artificially pruned gardens or natural gardens. English and French-styled gardens were viewed as natural and geometric gardens, respectively. Each garden group contained 60 participants for a total of 120 participants. Each participant was asked to view garden photos, and measure their physiological (attention and relaxation) and psychological (state anxiety and preference) responses. The results showed that concerning physiology, both styled gardens significantly changed the participants’ attention; however, no significant changes in relaxation. In psychology, both styled gardens significantly reduced the participants’ stress. In preference, no significant differences for the two gardens.© 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies, Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: Natural gardens; geometric gardens; brainwave; attention recovery
The Health Benefits of Children by Different Natural Landscape Contacting Level
Authors: Tseng Tzuhui Angie , Shen Ching-Cheng
Published: August 2016

Previous studies seldom explore the health benefits of different levels of nature exposure on children. 241 valid samples from five primary schools in Hsinchu, Taiwan were investigated. Results showed that comparing to being on school campuses, children would have higher levels of physical activity when visiting neighborhood parks and forest. Only the forest level natural landscape experiences  have significant positive impact on enjoying nature, preferences and empathy and sense of belonging. Forest level natural landscape experiences would also positively affect mental health, and physical health is built up through physical activity. Therefore, rural natural settings would be more beneficial to children.  © 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies, Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: Natural experience, The Connection to Nature Index (CNI) for children; Children's Physical Activity Scale (PAQ-C); Pediatric quality of life questionnaire (PedsQL ™)
Magnetohydrodynamic go-water nanofluid flow and heat transfer between two parallel moving disks
Authors: Azimi Mohammadreza , Riazi Rouzbeh
Published: August 2016

The unsteady MHD squeezing flow of nanofluid with different type of nanoparticles between two parallel disks is discussed. The governing equations, continuity, momentum, energy, and concentration for this problem are reduced to coupled non-linear equations by using a similarity transformation. It has been found that for contracting motion of upper disk combined with suction at lower disk, effects of increasing absolute values of squeeze parameter are quite opposite to the case of expanding motion. In this case, radial velocity near upper disk decreases while near the lower disk an accelerated radial flow is observed. The comparison between analytical results and numerical ones achieved by forth order Runge-Kutta method, assures us about the validity and accuracy of problem.
Effect of thermal radiation on natural convection in a square porous cavity filled with a fluid of temperature-dependent viscosity
Authors: Astanina Marina , Sheremet Mikhail , Umavathi Jawali
Published: August 2016

A numerical study of the natural convection combined with thermal radiation inside a square porous cavity filled with a fluid of temperature-dependent viscosity is carried out. The side horizontal walls are assumed to be adiabatic while both the left and right vertical walls are kept at constant but different temperatures. The Rosseland diffusion approximation is used to describe the radiative heat flux in the energy equation. The governing equations formulated in dimensionless stream function, vorticity, and temperature variables are solved using finite difference method. A parametric analysis illustrating the effects of the radiation parameter (0 ? Rd ? 10), Darcy number (10?5 ? Da ? 10?2), and viscosity variation parameter (0 ? C ? 6) on fluid flow and heat transfer is implemented. The results show an essential intensification of convective flow with an increase in the radiation parameter.
New opportunities for ventilation assistance in buildings under Saharan climatic conditions
Authors: Kaoulal Rabea , Bekkouche Sidi , Benouaz Tayeb , Kherrour Sofiane
Published: August 2016

The aim of this paper is devoted to the coupling of ventilation systems with buildings with low energy performances under a specific Saharan climate. In the second part, the objective is to diagnose and quantify energy consumptions due to the ventilation of a real residential building in Ghardaia site. As result, ventilation system can bring a positive support to the thermos-aeraulic comfort by controlling the mass flow rate of the air entering to the heated or/and cooled building zone. Heat losses due to the ventilation system represent 4.75% of the total losses; the provided heat exchange in this case requires an additional consumption of around 6.6058% of the total energy needs.
Investigation of the free turbulent swirl jet behind the axial fan
Authors: Jankovic Novica
Published: August 2016

Experimental investigation of the free turbulent swirl jet behind the axial fan, by use of the three-component laser Doppler anemometry is presented in this paper. Axial fan generates Rankine swirl. Measurements have been performed in five vertical measuring sections downstream for one rotation number 1500 rpm. Time averaged velocity components and their profile transformation downstream were investigated. Statistical moments of the second, third and fourth order have been calculated and presented. The highest turbulence levels are reached in the central zone, more precisely ? shear layer zone and in the injection zone. Skewness and flatness factors differ from normal Gaussian distributions. Turbulence swirl flow anisotropy is investigated by applying invariant maps. Most of the obtained results are positioned in the region of the three-component isotropic turbulence and axisymmetric expansion.
Analytical study of unsteady sedimentation analysis of spherical particle in Newtonian fluid media
Authors: Fakour Mehdi , Rahbari Alireza , Moghadasi Hesam , Rahimipetroudi Iman , Domairry-Ganji Davood , Varmazyar Mostafa
Published: August 2016

Unsteady settling behavior of solid spherical particles falling in water as a Newtonian fluid is investigated in this research. Least square method (LSM), Galerkin method, LSM-Pad?, and numerical model are applied to analyze the characteristics of the particles motion. The influence of physical parameters on terminal velocity is discussed and it is showed that LSM and Galerkin method are efficient techniques for solving the governing equation. Among these methods, LSM-Pad? demonstrates the best agreement with numerical results. The novelty of this work is to introduce new analytical methods for solving the non-linear equation of sedimentation applicable in many industrial and chemical applications.
Modeling of pulverized coal combustion for in-furnace NOx reduction and flame control
Authors: Belosevic Srdjan , Tomanovic Ivan , Crnomarkovic Nenad , Milicevic Aleksandar
Published: August 2016

A cost-effective reduction of NOx emission from utility boilers firing pulverized coal can be achieved by means of combustion modifications in the furnace. It is also essential to provide the pulverized coal diffusion flame control. Mathematical modeling is regularly used for analysis and optimization of complex turbulent reactive flows and mutually dependent processes in coal combustion furnaces. In the numerical study, predictions were performed by an in-house developed comprehensive three-dimensional differential model of flow, combustion and heat/mass transfer with submodel of the fuel- and thermal-NO formation/ destruction reactions. Influence of various operating conditions in the case-study utility boiler tangentially fired furnace, such as distribution of both the fuel and the combustion air over the burners and tiers, fuel-bound nitrogen content and grinding fineness of coal were investigated individually and in combination. Mechanisms of NO formation and depletion were found to be strongly affected by flow, temperature and gas mixture components concentration fields. Proper modifications of combustion process can provide more than 30% of the NOx emission abatement, approaching the corresponding emission limits, with simultaneous control of the flame geometry and position within the furnace. This kind of complex numerical experiments provides conditions for improvements of the power plant furnaces exploitation, with respect to high efficiency, operation flexibility and low emission.
Comparative thermal buckling analysis of functionally graded plate
Authors: Cukanovic Dragan , Bogdanovic Gordana , Radakovic Aleksandar , Milosavljevic Dragan , Veljovic Ljiljana , Balac Igor
Published: August 2016

A thermal buckling analysis of functionally graded thick rectangular plates accord?ing to von Karman non-linear theory is presented. The material properties of the functionally graded plate, except for the Poisson?s ratio, were assumed to be graded in the thickness direction, according to a power-law distribution, in terms of the volume fractions of the metal and ceramic constituents. Formulations of equilibrium and stability equations are derived using the high order shear deformation theory based on different types of shape functions. Analytical method for determination of the critical buckling temperature for uniform increase of temperature, linear and non-linear change of temperature across thickness of a plate is developed. Numeri?cal results were obtained in ?ATLAB software using combinations of symbolic and numeric values. The paper presents comparative results of critical buckling tempera?ture for different types of shape functions. The accuracy of the formulation presented is verified by comparing to results available from the literature.
Association of a Biomarker of Glucose Peaks, 1,5-Anhydroglucitol, With Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Liang Menglu , McEvoy John William , Chen Yuan , Sharrett A. Richey , Selvin Elizabeth
Published: August 2016

OBJECTIVE

1,5-Anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) is a biomarker of glucose peaks and has been associated with clinical cardiovascular disease. However, the association between 1,5-AG and subclinical cardiovascular disease is unknown. We investigated the association of 1,5-AG with subclinical myocardial damage (assessed by high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T [hs-cTnT]) and atherosclerosis (assessed by carotid intima-media thickness [CIMT] and carotid plaque).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We measured 1,5-AG, hs-cTnT, CIMT, and carotid plaque among 10,072 people without diabetes and 681 with diabetes who attended the second examination of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study (baseline, 1990–1992). We used Poisson regression to characterize the associations between 1,5-AG and prevalent elevated hs-cTnT, thick CIMT, or carotid plaque. Among 9,145 people with a second hs-cTnT measurement 6 years later, we used multinomial logistic regression to assess associations with incident elevation in hs-cTnT.

RESULTS

We found that in people with diabetes, lower 1,5-AG (<6 μg/mL) was cross-sectionally associated with elevated hs-cTnT (prevalence ratio 2.06, 95% CI 1.23–3.46) compared with higher 1,5-AG (≥10 μg/mL). Associations in people without diabetes and with thick CIMT or the presence of carotid plaque were less robust. Low 1,5-AG was prospectively associated with the 6-year incident elevation in hs-cTnT (relative risk 2.90, 95% CI 1.23–6.85) in people with diabetes. All associations were strongly attenuated with further adjustment for HbA1c.

CONCLUSIONS

In people with diabetes, 1,5-AG was associated with subclinical cardiovascular disease, particularly chronic subclinical myocardial damage. Nonetheless, whether observed associations are truly independent of average glycemia is unclear.
Validation of Dynamic Simulation of Slow-Moving Surface Deflection Measurements
Authors: Nasimifar Mahdi , Siddharthan Raj V. , Rada Gonzalo R. , Nazarian Soheil
Published: August 2016

Recent studies have concluded that measured surface deflections can be used as a low-cost pavement monitoring and condition assessment tool to determine remaining structural life and pavement performance. Moving load devices are being used more often to measure continuous surface deflections. They are considered a faster alternative to falling weight deflectometer–based structural condition evaluation applications. The objective of the study was to compare the analytical dynamic simulation of slow-moving deflection measurements with field data. The surface pavement deflections and the pavement structural responses generated by the Euroconsult Curviametro loading at the Minnesota Department of Transportation’s MnROAD facility near Maplewood, Minnesota, were used in the evaluations. Four geophones were embedded near the pavement surface to measure surface deflections during field trials at each of three tested MnROAD cells. In addition, numerous other sensors, such as strain gauges and thermocouple trees, were available at the MnROAD facility. The 3D-Move program was used in the simulations because it can accommodate moving loads and the viscoelastic properties of pavement layers and produce continuous deflection basins. The viscoelastic properties of pavement layers were estimated on the basis of the actual temperatures at the time of the field trials and the appropriate loading frequency of the Curviametro. The proposed dynamic analytical model provided a good match with a variety of independent pavement responses, which included surface deflection basins (measured by embedded geophone sensors) as well as horizontal strains at the bottom of the asphalt concrete layers (measured by MnROAD sensors).