bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Potential for Curcumin from Turmeric to be Used Against Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Ayanampudi Anushka
Published: March 2024

Turmeric is a natural product used for centuries in alternative medicine in various cultures around the world. It is a multi-faceted natural remedy that may assist in combating a variety of microbial threats, harboring an impressive array of health-promoting properties. Turmeric is recognized to have bacterial properties as this spice has an active ingredient curcumin with anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antioxidant benefits. This bioactive compound has been the focus of extensive scientific research for this reason. Among its many beneficial attributes, curcumin stands out for its potential as a natural antibacterial agent, effectively combating common pathogens including both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, as well as MRSAs. This study reveals that the curcumin from turmeric is effective to be used in clinical settings against pathogenic bacteria, as it has many bactericidal properties which are proven to be equal, if not more effective than that of our modern day antibiotics. A challenge seen with the usage of curcumin would be its low bioavailability due to its solubility. In order to counter this, there are various methods involving transforming the chemical into a different form called nanocurcumin. As an antibiotic, it works by using cell wall damaging mechanisms in order to be an bactericidal agent. Further studies are needed to determine the appropriate dosages, formulations, and safety profiles for using curcumin as an antibiotic in clinical settings for humans.
Environmental Justice for Children of Color: Energy Facility Pollution in Houston
Authors: Namjoshi Aditya , Gresham John
Published: March 2024

Extensive prior research has been conducted on the imbalance between environmental hazards in majority-minority communities and majority-white communities and its negative physiological, psychological, and economic effects. This existing body of literature has suggested a positive correlation between environmental hazards and poor childhood development indicators. The study of the field is called “environmental justice”, founded on the belief that certain groups are disproportionately disadvantaged by negative environmental conditions induced by inequitable laws and policies. However, a clear correlation between environmental racism and minority childhood experiences has not been studied. This paper utilizes a proximity analysis between Houston-area schools and toxin-emitting energy facilities and survey-based research with a school community affected by such facilities in southeast Houston. Through this research, a clearer picture can be drawn of how policy and inaction have put children of color at a structural disadvantage over their wealthier, whiter counterparts. Results have established that urban development policies, the placement of energy production facilities, a lack of equitable urban planning boards, disinvestment in infrastructure, and carelessness by government officials have contributed to environmental inequality, with children being at a heightened risk of its negative effects. After assessing the findings of the inquiry concerning the negative developmental impacts of environmental inequality on children, future ramifications are discussed concerning suggestions for possible solutions.
الحروف المقطّعة في فواتح السّور القرآنيّة
في ضوء علم الأصوات اللغويّة
Authors: بابصيل عائشة صالح
Published: March 2024

تهدف هذه الدراسة الموسومة بالحروف المقطّعة في فواتح السّور القرآنيّة في ضوء علم الأصوات اللغويّة إلى الدّراسة الصّوتية للحروف المقطّعة من حيث: المخارج والصّفات – المقاطع الصّوتية – الكمّ الزمني للصّائت للمدّ الوارد فيها، وذلك على أساس من المنهج الوصفي، وبالاعتماد على النّص القرآني المرتل المنطوق، مسترشدة بعطاء أسلافنا الصّوتي في كتب اللغة والتفسير حول الحروف المقطّعة.
وجاءت الدراسة في تمهيد وخاتمة، بينهما ثلاثة مباحث. ومن أبرز النتائج: عدد الأصوات المنطوقة في الحروف المقطّعة دون تكرير اثنان وعشرون صوتًا، موزعة بين ستة صوائت، وستة عشر صامتًا، وغلبة المقاطع المغلقة دون المفتوحة على البنية المقطعيّة في الحروف المقطّعة، واستنتاج المتوسط العام للصائت الطويل في المدود الثلاثة الواردة في الحروف المقطعة.
الكلمات المفتاحيّة: علم الأصوات اللغويّة – الفواتح – الصوت - الحروف المقطّعة – المقطع.

Abstract:
This study that highlights the syllabled letters (Al Huroof Al Muqata’ah ) in the opening of Qur’anic Surahs(Chapters) in the light of phonology, is interested in the phonetics study of syllabled letters in terms of: the source and qualities of phonetic/vocalic syllables- the duration of long vowels therein depending on the descriptive approach, and based on the articulated recited Qur’anic text, guided by the phonetic achievements/works of our ancestors in their books of language and interpretation about the syllabled letters.
The study is divided into introduction, body which contains three main topics and conclusion. The most prominent results are the number of articulated sounds in the syllabled letters without frequency of twenty-two sounds, distributed into six vowels and sixteen consonants. The predominance of closed syllables than open ones upon the syllabic structure in the syllabled letters and concluding the general average of the long vowel in the three open syllables mentioned in the syllabled letters.
Keywords: Phonology - The Opening - Sound - Syllabled Letters – Syllable.
الحَيوانُ فِي شِعرِ سُليمان بن سُليمان النبهانيّ
Authors: المحائلي مروعي بن إبراهيم بن موسى
Published: March 2024

يهدفُ هذا البحثُ إلى الكشفِ عن الحيواناتِ التي استعملها الشاعرُ العمانيّ سليمان بن سليمان بن مظفر النبهانيّ، ودلالاتها. وقد واجهتني مشكلة قلة الدراسات التي انفردتْ بدراسةِ النبهانيّ وشعره، بالإضافة إلى عدم وجود مصادر ومراجع كافية تتحدثُ عن بعض الشخصيات والأحداث الموجودة في شعره، واعتمدتُ في دراستي هذه على المنهج الوصفيّ التحليليّ.
وتوصلتُ إلى أنَّ النبهانيّ استعملَ مجموعةً كبيرة من الحيوانات المفترسة والأليفة بالإضافة إلى الطيور والحشرات، وتوصلتُ أيضًا إلى أنَّ النبهانيّ حَمَّلَ هذه الحيواناتِ دلالاتٍ مختلفةً.
وقد قمتُ بتقسيم هذا البحثِ إلى ثلاثةِ مباحث وهي: (مبحث الحيوانات المفترسة، ومبحث الحيوانات الأليفة، ومبحث الطيور والحشرات).
الكلمات المفتاحيّة: (الحيوان - الشعر - سليمان بن سليمان بن مظفر النبهانيّ).

Research Summary
This research aims to reveal the animals used in the poetry of the Omani poet Suleiman bin Suleiman bin Muzaffar Al Nabhani and their connotations. The main obstacle faced in conducting this research was lack of resources on the poetry of al Nabhani in general, and on the use of plot and characterization in his poetry in particular. In this study, I relied on the descriptive analytical approach. It has been concluded that Al-Nabhani used a wide range of predatory animals and pe. ts in addition to birds and insects. Al-Nabhani, carried these animals with different connotations. The research is divided into three sections – according to animals used in Al Nabhani’s poetry- I have divided Predators, Pets, Birds and Insects.

Key Words: (animal - poetry - Sulaiman bin Suleiman bin Muzaffar al-Nabhani).
دور المنظمة المتعلمة في اكتساب الجدارات الوظيفية لتحقيق التميز المؤسسي بحكومة الفجيرة في دولة الإمارات العربية
Authors: ملحم إسحاق إبراهيم أحمد , الزحمي د. سلطان محمد هلال علي
Published: March 2024

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على دور المنظمة المتعلمة في اكتساب الجدارات الوظيفية لتحقيق التميز المؤسسي بحكومة الفجيرة في دولة الإمارات العربية من وجهة نظر موظفي وموظفات تلك المؤسسة من خلال اكتساب الجدارات الوظيفية وتحقيق التميز المؤسسي. اعتمد الباحث في تحليل البيانات واختبار صحة فروض الدراسة، على مجموعة من أساليب التحليل الإحصائي التي يتضمنها البرنامج الإحصائي الجاهز (20.0 ,SPSS Version) واستخدمت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي باستخدام استبانة كأداة للدراسة تتكون من (30) فقرة، وتكون مجتمع الدراسة من جميع (مدير إدارة - نائب مدير – رئيس قسم) العاملين في المؤسسات المحلية بإمارة الفجيرة البالغ عددهم (6544)، وتم اختيار عينة طبقية ثم عينة عشوائية بسيطة، وقد تكونت عينة الدراسة من (400) موظف وموظفة من المؤسسات الحكومية المحلية بإمارة الفجيرة، وتوصلت الدراسة إلى النتائج التالية:
1. بلغ المتوسط الحسابي الكلي لعينة الدراسة حول الأداء (3.16) وانحراف معياري (0.57) وكانت درجة المتوسط (منخفظة).
2. لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين استجابات أفراد عينة الدراسة للمتغيرات (تفكير النظم، التمكن الشخصي، النماذج الذهنية، الرؤية المشتركة، التعليم الجماعي، سنوات الخبرة).

الكلمات الدالة: المنظمة المتعلمة، الجدارات الوظيفية، التميز المؤسسي.

 
Research Summary:
The study aimed to identify the role of the learning organization in acquiring job competencies to achieve institutional excellence in the government of Fujairah in the United Arab Emirates from the point of view of the employees of that institution through acquiring job competencies and achieving institutional excellence. In analyzing the data and testing the validity of the study’s hypotheses, the researcher relied on a set of statistical analysis methods included in the ready-made statistical program (20.0, SPSS Version). Management - Deputy Director - Head of Department (6544 workers in local institutions in the Emirate of Fujairah), A stratified sample was selected and then a simple random sample. The study sample consisted of (400) male and female employees from local government institutions in the Emirate of Fujairah. The study reached the following results:
1. The total arithmetic mean of the study sample on performance was (3.16) and a standard deviation (0.57), and the mean score was (low).
2. There are no statistically significant differences between the responses of the study sample members to the variables (systems thinking, personal mastery, mental models, shared vision, group education, years of experience).

Key words: learning organization, Job competencies, Institutional excellence.
الوَاقِعِيَّةُ السِّحْرِيَّةُ فِي مَسْرَحِ الشَّيْخِ سُلْطَانِ القاسميّ – شَمْشُوْنُ الجَبَّارُ أُنْمُوْذَجًا –
Authors: عبد الحق سليمان  علي محمد
Published: March 2024

يركز موضوع هذا البحث على دراسة الواقعية السحرية في مسرح الشيخ سلطان القاسميّ، متخذًا مسرحية شمشون الجبار أنموذجًا.
وتتمثل أهمية البحث في جدَّة موضوعه وحداثته؛ حيث إنه يُعَدُّ من الدراسات البكر في معالجة مسرح الشيخ سلطان القاسمي، لاسيّما أنَّ الدراسات النّقدية قد أغفلت دراسة الواقعية السحرية في الفن المسرحي بصفة عامة، وتركَّز جلُّها على رصد هذه الخصيصة الفنية في الرواية فحسب.
ويقوم البحث على محاور عديدة، أهمها: دراسة مصطلح الواقعية السحرية من حيث نشأته وتطوره. ومنها كذلك دراسة المعمار المسرحي العجائبي في مسرحية شمشون الجبَّار. ومنها كذلك دراسة شخصيات المسرحية المتعددة الظلال.
وتستعين هذه الدراسة من أجل تحليل الخطاب بالمنهجين الوصفي والتحليلي.
وقد خلصت هذه الدراسة إلى جملة من النتائج منها:
-أنَّ الواقعية السحرية في مسرح القاسميّ عبَّرتْ عن الحرية والالتزام الطوعي تجاه قضايا الإنسان السياسية والاجتماعية والفكرية، في عالمنا العربي والإسلامي.
-أن الواقعية السحرية في مسرح القاسميّ بعامة، وفي مسرحية شمشون الجبَّار بخاصة، اعتمدت على الخيال الثانوي الذي لا يذكر أحداث الماضي أو التاريخ كاملة، بل يختزل كثيرًا من التفاصيل؛ ليركز على بؤرة الحدث الرئيس التي يعالج من خلالها الواقع.
الكلمات المفتاحية: الواقعية السحرية، سلطان بن محمد القاسميّ، المسرحية، العجائبي، شمشون.
 
Abstract
This study focuses on the study of magical realism in the theater of Sheikh Sultan Al Qasimi, taking the play “Shamshun Al-Jabbar” as a model.
The importance of the study lies in its novelty and modernity, as it is considered one of the first studies dealing with Sheikh Sultan Al Qasimi’s theater, especially since critical studies have neglected the study of the magical realism of theatrical art in general, and most of them focus on monitoring this technical characteristic only in novels.

The study is based on many themes, the most important of which are:
- Studying the term “magical realism” in terms of its origin and development.
- Studying the miraculous theatrical architecture in the play “Shamshun Al-Jabbar”.
- Studying the play’s characters of multiple shades.

This study applied the descriptive and analytical approaches to analyze the discourse. The study reached several results as follows:
- The magical realism in Al-Qasimi’s theater expressed freedom and voluntary commitment to human political, social, and intellectual issues in our Arab and Islamic world.
- The magical realism in Al Qasimi’s theater in general, and in the play “Shamshun Al-Jabbar” specifically relied on minor imagination that does not mention past events or the whole history, but rather reduces many details to focus on the main event through which reality is dealt with.

Keywords: Magical Realism, Sultan bin Muhammad Al Qasimi, Theatrical, Miraculous, Shamshun.
STUDY OF THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION ESTABLISHMENTS: THE CASE OF THE MOROCCAN UNIVERSITY
Authors: ELANSARI Hanane , LOULID Mohamed
Published: March 2024

The aim of this research is to study the digitization of Moroccan universities. To achieve this objective, we adopted a qualitative approach, interviewing the administrators of the elearning system to find out how this training was organized at university level. The main findings of our study reveal that the main objective of digital learning was to digitize courses, without guaranteeing interactive learning spaces from which students can derive the same benefits as face-to-face learning. And that the organization of the e-learning service has an indirect effect on the perceived quality of the e-learning service. This indirect link is mediated by the variable pedagogy in its two forms: on the platform and face-to-face. Given that educational institutions need to design appropriate and effective content, implement an efficient delivery system and provide digital literacy training to their current faculty in order to achieve better learning outcomes
Dolor por cáncer
Authors: Araujo Navarrete Margarita Eugenia , Genis-Rondero Miguel Ángel
Published: March 2024

El tratamiento analgésico es parte integral de la atención de los pacientes con enfermedad oncológica. El conocimiento científico establece guías para el manejo eficiente del dolor, con el propósito de mejorar la calidad de vida y evitar el sufrimiento del paciente y sus familiares. La evaluación de las características de la enfermedad, de la respuesta al tratamiento y los posibles riesgos, permite plantear esquemas específicos, de acuerdo a la circunstancia de cada paciente, que han demostrado su beneficio. La difusión de estos resultados puede atender la demanda de una de las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad en el mundo. La investigación y la educación, en todos los aspectos del cáncer, siguen siendo imprescindibles. La importancia de reconocer la necesidad del control del dolor como un derecho humano, que sigue siendo soslayado, nos obliga a insistir en la posibilidad de rebasar el temor en la prescripción de los medicamentos suficientes para cada paciente.
Mujeres de la tierra
Authors: Visintini María Laura , Manassero Leticia
Published: March 2024

El texto es una reseña del libro Mujeres de la Tierra, que es una publicación del Centro Internacional para la Promoción de los Derechos Humanos de la Unesco donde se recuperan y sistematizan los trabajos realizados en un ciclo de intercambios entre mujeres de América Latina, el Caribe y África, que tuvieron lugar a lo largo de 2021 y 2022, de forma presencial, virtual e híbrida.

El texto se organiza en dos grandes partes. En la primera, titulada: “Experiencias que hablan”, se encuentran trabajos que recogen testimonios organizados bajo cinco tópicos que expresan, en primera persona, experiencias de luchas territoriales protagonizadas por mujeres, conquistas de derechos en diferentes contextos, los avances y retrocesos en materia de políticas públicas, las nuevas formas de comunicación comunitaria y las redes construidas a partir de las organizaciones de mujeres.

En la segunda parte, “A propósito de las mujeres rurales de América Latina, el Caribe y África” se encuentran trabajos que analizan y reflexionan en torno a las políticas, sus impactos y las herramientas disponibles por parte de referentes del ámbito académico en América Latina, El Caribe y África.
Qualitative Morphological Characteristics of Some Papilionoideae Fruits of Chandrapur District: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Pramod Khirade  , Sanjay Dudhe
Published: March 2024

Papilionoideae is a subfamily of Fabaceae or Leguminosae. The family is characterized by the fruit called a legume (a one-carpeled, beanlike, seed pod). The present investigation was carried out to study qualitative morphological characteristics of Papilionoideae fruit (legume). The qualitative characteristics of fruit analyzed include shape, color, exocarp hairiness, surface, apex, base, shattering, seeds/fruit, locules/fruit and fruit orientation. Fruits of different 24 species belonging to family Papilionoideae were used for the present investigation. Variations in the morphological characteristics of fruits were observed among studied taxa. The disparity in fruit morphological characteristics can be utilized as taxonomic tool to differentiate the taxa
Evaluación de la pronación consciente en el paciente oncológico con SARS-CoV-2.
Authors: Gómez-Cisneros Jorge Andrés , Ponce Gómez Gandhy , Estrada-Cadena Julio Cesar
Published: March 2024

Introducción: El incremento de casos COVID con problemas respiratorios de complejidad variable y la inclusión actual de tratamientos farmacológicos y terapéuticos en la población oncológica son motivos de estudio para verificar los efectos de la posición prono en paciente consciente.
Material y métodos: Estudio cuantitativo de diseño retrospectivo, en el que se realizó una revisión de los expedientes clínicos. La muestra estuvo constituida de 100 expedientes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. El análisis de datos descriptivo incluyó frecuencias y porcentajes, mientras que la hipótesis se realizó a través de la prueba T de Student para muestras relacionadas.
Resultados: El sexo femenino se representó en un 52%, donde predominó como tipo de cáncer el hematooncológico. De acuerdo con la capacidad de las personas con cáncer para realizar actividades, se mostró que 54% de la población podía vivir en casa y auto cuidarse.
Limitaciones del estudio: Falta de un grupo control, inclusión de algunas variables de estudio que podrían haber intervenido en los resultados.
Originalidad: Este articulo posee valor debido a la falta de información sobre el paciente con cáncer y COVID-19.
Conclusiones: La pronación es una opción de manejo en pacientes oncológicos que puede prevenir mayor daño o complicaciones, considerando que es una intervención que requiere una evaluación previa para determinar si las condiciones son favorables para aplicarla.
TRATAMENTO DE MELANOMA DE CANAL ANAL COM CIRURGIA DE MILES: UM RELATO DE CASO NA AMAZÔNIA
Authors: Rocha Vinicius Sussuarana , Moraes Vitória Candeira de Oliveira , Carvalho Maria Clara Cearense , Rocha Karina Dias , Barbosa Thallita da Cunha , Lima André Barros Fonseca Barbosa , Rocha Neto Raimundo , Oliveira Júnior Raimundo Nonato Ribeiro de
Published: March 2024

Melanoma de canal anal é uma neoplasia rara e agressiva que acomete as células da mucosa anal, mais comum em mulheres brancas e em idades mais elevadas, com diagnóstico tardio pela inespecificidade dos sinais, e mau prognóstico. Relatamos neste artigo um caso de melanoma de canal anal em pacinete, sexo feminino, 61 anos, com quadro de sangramento vivo via retal com duração de dois meses. Ao exame de toque retal, foi identificada massa palpável. Após a biópsia da massa, o resultado histológico definiu o melanoma de alto risco. O planejamento de tratamento curativo incluiu a amputação retal com remoção do tumor, conhecida como cirurgia de Miles.
UMA ANÁLISE DO LIVRO DE LITERATURA AMERICANA “TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD – O SOL É PARA TODOS”
Authors: Carlos Tássio Ricardo de Oliveira , Souza Sawana Araújo Lopes de
Published: March 2024

O romance To Kill Mockingbird, teve sua publicação elaborada no ano de 1960; este, por sua vez, tendo uma grande aceitação pela massa leitora, fazendo com que o mesmo tenha sido considerado como uma das grandes obras de seu período. Seu comércio e sua crítica foram sucesso em sua época, fazendo com que o mesmo fosse comentado não somente nos Estados Unidos, mas fora do país também. O presente trabalho objetiva fazer uma análise do livro “TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD – O SOL É PARA TODOS”, trazendo informações acerca desse romance de literatura americana, muito utilizado em escolas e que traz informações acerca do presente país. Através de uma revisão bibliográfica, consultada por meio de livros e pela visualização do filme, o trabalho se formou, buscando trazer uma análise da história americana, na visão de uma das maiores autoras do século passado. Por meio de suas páginas, o livro traz diversas interpretações na busca por trazer uma maior compreensão da mensagem que deve ser transmitida ao passo de suas páginas. Por meio de diversas interpretações, ao longo de toda a história, coloca diversas explicações acerca da comunidade negra da época e como essa sofria preconceito por parte dos brancos, sendo injustiçada em diversos moldes.
Une histoire de la génomique des riz cultivés
Authors: CUBRY Philippe , LORIEUX Mathias , SABOT François , GHESQUIÈRE Alain
Published: March 2024

Les riz ont été domestiqués indépendamment dans trois continents, Asie, Afrique et Amérique, à partir d’espèces ancestrales différentes. Le séquençage de milliers de génomes a permis de mettre en évidence l’importance de la notion de « pan-génome » et éclaire le déterminisme génétique des transformations des caractères agro-morphologiques et de la qualité des grains consécutifs à la domestication.
DAN JE VSAK NA NOVO STKAN
Authors: Jazbec Milan
Published: March 2024

Milan Jazbec je že več kot tri desetletja poklicni diplomat in se z znanostjo in publicistiko ukvarja poleg svoje osnovne poklicne dejavnosti. Leta 2015 je bil izvoljen za rednega profesorja diplomacije. Kot prvi redni profesor diplomacije v Sloveniji (in za sedaj edini) ter eden maloštevilnih v Evropi, je prof. dr. Milan Jazbec uspel ustvariti s svojo znanstveno, strokovno in publistično produkcijo zelo obsežen, raznolik ter interdisciplinaren opus. Diplomacija je vedno v ospredju njegovega razmišljanja in pisanja, kar gre v korak z njegovimi tremi desetletji in pol delovanja v diplomaciji, v kateri je začel delati oktobra 1987 v Beogradu ter nadaljeval v slovenski diplomaciji od njenega samega začetka, kot pripadnik prve generacije diplomacije samostojne in neodvisne Republike Slovenije. Njegova kariera predstavlja redko simbiozo diplomatske prakse in njene znanstvene refleksije ter njunega medsebojnega prežemanja. Čeprav je diplomacija vedno v središču njegove pozornosti, jo on praktično vedno povezuje s sorodnimi področji, od mednarodne varnosti, obrambe, političnih znanosti, zgodovine, sociologije, diplomatskega in konzularnega prava pa vse do antropologije, filozofije, kulture in literature. Trilogija predstavlja izbor približno dveh tretjin prispevkov znanstvenega in publicističnega dela (članki, eseji in spremne besede ter prispevki s področja varnosti, obrambe in Slovenije) Milana Jazbeca, ki je bil v minulih treh desetletjih objavljen v različnih periodičnih publikacijah, selekcija je avtorjeva, pri čemer je imel pred očmi tematsko področje vsake od treh knjig: znanstveni in nekateri strokovni članki, zatem eseji in spremne besede ter še prispevki, ki se ukvarjajo z varnostjo, obrambo in Slovenijo v tem okvirju. V osnovi pa je vse vezano na diplomacijo, še posebej na nastanek in razvoj ter delovanje slovenske diplomacije, in s tem povezane teme.
Analysis of diurnal, seasonal and annual variations of fair weather atmospheric potential gradient at reduced number concentration of condensation nuclei from long-term measurements at Świder, Poland
Authors: Pawlak Izabela , Odzimek Anna , Kępski Daniel , Tacza Jose
Published: March 2024

Abstract. The ground-level atmospheric potential gradient (PG) has been measured with a radioactive collector method in Stanisław Kalinowski Geophysical Observatory in Świder (52.12° N, 21.23° E), Poland, for several decades. Long-term measurements analysed previously revealed rather typical behaviour in the diurnal and seasonal variations of the PG of a land station controlled by pollution. Observation of the potential gradient at such a station usually show a maximum at local winter months which are mostly affected by anthropogenic pollution. The 1965–2005 series has been newly analysed to describe the Świder PG variations in greater detail, also in connection with an analysis of simultaneous measurements of condensation nuclei measured at 6, 12, 18 UT. An attempt is made to calculate the diurnal and seasonal variations at condensation nuclei number concentrations below 10000 cm-3. There is a decrease of the PG in the diurnal variation by up to 11 % in the winter, and no significant change in the summer. The reduction in the annual variation is 11–26 % with the biggest difference in February. In the summer months, this difference is negligible. Such differences can be predicted with a simplified model of electrical conductivity including the aerosol composition of water soluble and soot particles, the main components of continental aerosol. With this model we obtained changes in the conductivity and the PG in up to 30 % in the winter, and 6 % in the summer. Despite the efforts to minimise the aerosol effect on the PG, the character of the PG seasonal and annual variation preserves its character with a maximum in the Northern Hemisphere winter and the minimum in the summer.
Geomorphic landform monitoring with raster and vector data cubes
Authors: Abad Lorena
Published: March 2024

Landscapes and geomorphic landforms are in constant change, where dynamic processes drive their evolution over time. Assessing these changes allows us to understand landscape patterns and interrelations. Further, monitoring the evolution of landforms related to natural hazards, like proglacial lakes, volcanic lava flows, landslides or gully erosion, is important for disaster risk prevention and mitigation. Advances in remote sensing techniques, such as data cubes, and the vast amounts of Earth observation data, allows the study of landscape dynamics. The gridded nature of data cubes facilitates the analysis of long time series of data at specific pixel locations. Despite their advantages, this type of queries over time ignore the spatial context of said pixel, focusing on a very limited portion of the area under study. Moving from a pixel to an object representation can improve the analysis of landscape dynamics, specially for geomorphological analyses, where landforms change their shape over time. Feature extraction techniques, such as object-based image analysis and deep learning, can aid with the detection of geomorphological features at different points in time. But once we transition from a coverage-based (array format) to a feature-based (vector format) data representation, the query and analysis advantages of a data cube are lost.In this study, we explore the applicability of vector data cubes as a way to organise, analyse and visualise geomorphic landforms with changing geometries. The challenge lies on the changing shapes of the geomorphological features. At the implementation level, array-based and tabular representations are tested to build the data cubes. The approach is applied to volcanic lava flows as exemplary geomorphic landform. Further, the integration of vector data cube structures with raster data cubes are explored to aggregate information derived from Earth observation data over the landform geometries. The aggregation approach allows for further landform characterisation, matching the extracted data with consideration of the spatial and temporal properties of the landform. We believe that the usage of vector data cube representations could advance the spatio-temporal analysis and monitoring of landscapes and landforms, benefiting different disciplines related to the geosciences.
Carbon storage and accumulation across the United Kingdom’s saltmarsh habitat. 
Authors: Smeaton Craig , Ladd Cai , Garrett Ed , Hall Martha , Miller Lucy , McMahon Lucy , Havelock Glen , Blake William , Barlow Natasha , Skov Martin , Gehrels Roland , Austin William
Published: March 2024

Saltmarshes play a key role in the coastal carbon cycle through the capture and storage of organic carbon. Assessments of both organic carbon (OC) stocks and rates of OC accumulation are vital for quantifying saltmarsh contributions to climate-change mitigation and for guiding efforts to protect and restore coastal ecosystems. Current assessments of the magnitude of the store and rate of OC accumulating in UK saltmarshes are based on a small and spatially limited dataset. To address this knowledge gap, we collected sediment cores to quantify the OC stored in the soil and biomass of 26 saltmarshes and estimate OC accumulation rates for 22 saltmarshes distributed around the UK.Across the saltmarshes, the estimated average store is 11.55 ± 1.56 kg C m-2 with values ranging between 2.24 kg C m-2 and 40.51 kg C m-2. These saltmarshes accumulate OC at a rate of 110.88 ± 43.12 g C m-2 yr-1 with values ranging from 27.57 g C m-2 yr-1 to 343.68 g C m-2 yr-1. These highly variable OC stocks and accumulation rates are dependent on interlinked factors, including local geomorphology, organic carbon source, sediment type (mud vs sand), sediment supply, and relative sea-level history.By upscaling these estimates to all UK saltmarshes, it is calculated that these systems currently store 5.20 ± 0.65 Mt of OC and accumulate 46563 ± 4353 tonnes of OC annually. The low OC accumulation rates indicate that UK saltmarshes have relatively low additional Greenhouse Gas (GHG) abatement potential, but that they contain significant stores of OC within the ecosystem. This highlights the crucial need for the protection and restoration of existing OC stores within UK saltmarshes, providing climate benefits several times more significant than the annual accumulation of OC in these ecosystems.
Reconstruction of the global ocean heat content and thermosteric sea-level rise with an improved configuration of the ISAS interpolation tool
Authors: Asselot Rémy , Kolodziejczyk Nicolas , Llovel William , Balem Kevin , Prigent-Mazella Annaïg
Published: March 2024

Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions have caused an imbalance in the energy content of the Earth's system, warming the atmosphere, the land surface, the cryosphere and the ocean. On a global scale, over the last five decades, the ocean has stored more than 90% of the heat excess associated with the Earth energy imbalance. This absorption of heat by the ocean leads to an increased Oceanic Heat Content (OHC). As the OHC rises, the global mean sea-level increases due to thermal expansion, a mechanism known as the global mean thermosteric sea-level (TSL) rise. In order to monitor accurately the global OHC and global mean TSL, one of the main sources of data is in situ Temperature and Salinity profiles. These profiles need to be interpolated on a regular grid to prevent any bias due to regional over or under-sampling. However, to date, OHC and TSL estimates and their associated uncertainties are sensitive to the parameterization and a priori assumption of the interpolation tools. To address this issue in a controlled framework, we run sensitive experiments where we adjust the configuration of the In Situ Analysis System (ISAS) interpolation tool. To do so, we extracted “synthetic profiles” of Temperature and Salinity from NEMO simulations, integrated over the 1980-2020 period.  We interpolated these profiles with ISAS and compared them with the original model outputs. This comparison allows us to improve the parameterization and a priori assumption of ISAS in order to, ultimately, provide a better understanding of the sensitivity of the global and regional OHC and TSL estimates. Here we present the first results of this work.
Cyclic Flow Characteristics of Sandstones during Geological Hydrogen Storage in Saline Aquifers
Authors: Ataei Fath Abad Saeid , Edlmann Katriona
Published: March 2024

Geological hydrogen storage in saline aquifers has emerged as a promising solution to mitigate climate change and aid the transition to a low-carbon society. While this technology offers significant benefits, it also uncovers research gaps that need to be addressed. Economically, it is essential to utilize storage sites over extended periods, allowing for the injection of hydrogen into these porous rocks during low-demand periods and its extraction during high demand. However, this process is not uniform: the amount of hydrogen produced in the high-demand season differs from the quantity initially injected in the low-demand season, primarily due to residual gas trapping. Moreover, with repeated cycles of injection and withdrawal, the risk of enhanced residual trapping increases, due to the hysteresis effects.
 
Understanding the impact of multiple cycles on residual trapping and the influence of rock type on this process is vital for site selection in hydrogen storage in saline aquifers. More importantly, to model this cyclic process accurately across different rock types, experimental data for each specific rock type are required. To this end, various sandstone rock types were selected for cyclic flow core tests at the School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, using our state-of-the-art in-house core flooding system. These tests, conducted under high-pressure, high-temperature conditions with a simulated brine composition to better reflect real-case scenarios, aimed to evaluate the impact of rock type on fluid flow characteristics and residual trapping during hydrogen injection and withdrawal. Core samples, sourced from reservoir rocks and cleaned with solvents, were analysed for porosity and permeability, aligning with specific reservoir log data. The selection process was tailored to encompass a broad range of rock types. Influential parameters were identified and isolated using an integrated, in-house methodology, ensuring the only variable was rock type. In addition to core tests, Mercury Injection Capillary Pressure (MICP) tests, tracer tests on each core sample, and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) analysis of effluent samples were conducted a comprehensive interpretation of the results.
 
Our observations reveal that rock type significantly influences residual trapping and fluid flow through porous media. Different rock types demonstrated distinct behaviours in terms of residual trapping and relative permeability endpoints. Concerning the impact of multiple cycles on residual trapping, the heterogeneity of the core sample proved to be a critical factor; in homogeneous samples, residual trapping remained constant after the initial cycle. In contrast, for heterogeneous samples, the degree of heterogeneity led to an increase in residual trapping over successive cycles. This phenomenon was primarily attributed to hysteresis effects, as no significant geochemical reactions were detected in the tests.
The GEMS IUP-UB tropospheric NO2 product – sensitivity studies and first results
Authors: Richter Andreas , Lange Kezia , Burrows John P. , Boesch Hartmut , Kim Si-Wan , Seo Seunghwan , Kim Kyoung-Min , Hong Hyunkee , Lee Hanlim , Park Junsung
Published: March 2024

Nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) are among the most important pollutants in the atmosphere. They impact tropospheric ozone chemistry, contribute to particle formation and adversely affect human health.The monitoring of NO2 is mainly performed by surface in-situ networks. Satellite observations can contribute by providing a large-scale picture and covering regions without in-situ observations. The satellite instruments traditionally used for NO2 retrieval (GOME, SCIAMACHY, OMI, TROPOMI) operate on low-earth orbiting platforms, providing global coverage but only one or two measurements per day. The Korean GEMS instrument, launched in February 2020, is the first in a series of geostationary observation platforms allowing hourly measurements of NO2 from space.Based on the work performed in preparation for the European S4 satellite, a tropospheric NO2 retrieval for GEMS has been developed at IUP-UB. This product focuses on achieving low noise and high accuracy by optimising the fitting window and including corrections for instrument polarisation sensitivity and scene inhomogeneity. Stratospheric correction is performed using different approaches to investigate the impact on the tropospheric columns. For the airmass factors, cloud correction is applied using cloud fractions derived after correction for calibration issues in GEMS irradiance measurements. The resulting tropospheric columns for the first three years of GEMS operation show excellent agreement with the operational TROPOMI NO2 product at the time of TROPOMI overpass. They also exhibit systematic and variable daily patterns, which depend on season and location.
Intermittency in interplanetary coronal mass ejections observed by Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter
Authors: Ruohotie Julia , Good Simon , Kilpua Emilia
Published: March 2024

ICMEs are often observed as large-scale flux ropes with smoothly varying magnetic fields, but a spectrum of fluctuations is present at smaller scales. A well-known feature of solar wind plasma is that, when moving from large to small scales, distributions of fluctuation amplitudes become more non-Gaussian. This behaviour is a manifestation of intermittency, i.e., an increasingly uneven spatial distribution of energy with decreasing scale in the plasma. While intermittency has been studied extensively in the solar wind, few studies have considered intermittency within ICMEs.This presentation introduces a statistical study of intermittency of magnetic field fluctuations within ICMEs observed by Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter at heliospheric distances ranging from 0.2 to 1 AU. The analysis uses structure functions with kurtosis as the main measure of intermittency. The analysis is repeated within ICME sheath regions, as well as in the upstream and downstream solar wind. The results obtained from these plasma environments are compared to the ones obtained within ICMEs. Finally, the connection between intermittency and heliospheric distance, cross-helicity, and residual energy is investigated.
Connecting soil structure and hydraulic properties under different land use on a European climate gradient
Authors: Burger Dymphie , Amelung Wulf , Schimmel Heike , Weihermüller Lutz , Vereecken Harry , Bauke Sara
Published: March 2024

The infiltration of water into the soil, especially during extreme rainfall events, is controlled by soil hydraulic properties such as saturated hydraulic conductivity. Usually, the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil at larger scales is estimated by pedotransfer functions that use easily available soil properties such as soil texture, bulk density, and soil carbon content. Unfortunately, it has been already shown that those predictors do not contain the information for precise prediction of the saturated hydraulic conductivity. Moreover, it is widely accepted that the soil structure caused by aggregation, which defines the soil pore network, are important characteristics towards correctly estimating the saturated hydraulic conductivity.To analyze and quantify the impact of aggregation on the saturated hydraulic conductivity we combined analyses of soil structure based on drop-shatter tests and aggregate size fractionation, with analyses of infiltration pathways via dye tracer application and in-field infiltration measurements. As soil structure is strongly influenced by soil management and climate, we sampled croplands, grasslands, and forests along a European climate gradient.Our results indicate that both soil structure parameters and the classical predictors used in pedotransfer functions (soil texture, bulk density, and soil carbon content) had a significant influence on the saturated hydraulic conductivity. Regression models using soil structure parameters had a very similar Aikaike Information Criterion (AIC) as regression models without taking soil aggregation into account. This was different for the near-saturated hydraulic conductivity (K-2 cm), where the regression models based on soil texture, bulk density and soil organic carbon content  performed better than the model using soil structure parameters. Additionally, it was found that landuse and plant type had a large influence on soil structural parameters. We found less stained areas (0- 30 cm depth) in forests than in croplands and grasslands, which indicates more occurrences of preferential flow, and this was also  negatively correlated with the initial soil moisture at the time of measurement. In addition, higher levels of aggregation, indicated by a higher mean weight diameter of the soil aggregates, was associated with higher preferential flow as indicated by the dye tracer Both, stained area and peds and clods were influenced by the plant type as well, since the sites with vegetation having predominantly fibrous root systems responded differently than the sites with tap-rooted plants, trees, or heathland vegetation. The enhanced information on soil structure can therefore help us better understand landuse and land cover effects on saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil water infiltration.
Towards an improved Antarctic sea-ice representation in HadGEM3-GC5
Authors: Bilge Tarkan , Naughten Kaitlin , Holland Paul , Blockley Edward , Storkey David , Ridley Jeff
Published: March 2024

The historical runs of CMIP6-era coupled climate models generally exhibit negative biases in Antarctic sea ice, as identified across a range of models during the CMIP6 simulations (Roach et al. 2020). The UK's national coupled climate model, HadGEM3, has been no exception to this. The CMIP6 version, HadGEM3-GC3, underestimated Antarctic sea ice in historical simulations owing to a Southern Ocean warm bias (Andrews et al. 2020). As part of the DEFIANT (Drivers and Effects of Fluctuations in sea Ice in the ANTarctic) project, in this research we perform an analysis of the representation of sea ice in HadGEM3-GC5, a more recent version of the coupled model. Analysis of existing HadGEM3-GC5 simulations has identified unrealistic convection events associated with open water polynyas. We have started to perform a suite of sensitivity experiments to investigate the importance of the freshwater budget and ocean mixing parameterisation scheme on these convection events, and subsequently on pan-Antarctic sea ice. These initial experiments take the form of short simulations with constant year-2000 forcings, incorporating various parameter perturbations and modifications to freshwater input. We present evidence of the improved characterisation of pan-Antarctic sea ice in HadGEM3-GC5 compared to HadGEM3-GC3, and the preliminary analysis of perturbation simulations aimed at understanding and addressing the remaining challenges in the model coupled climate system.
Collapse of the North Atlantic Phytoplankton Bloom and its link to the Subpolar Gyre Tipping Point
Authors: Kelly Stephen , Popova Katya , Yool Andrew
Published: March 2024

The North Atlantic bloom (NAB) is the massive phytoplankton biomass increase that occurs each spring in the North Atlantic Ocean and which provides the base of the North Atlantic food web. Secondary producers (e.g. calanoid copepods) and the species that feed upon them have, over evolutionary timescales, developed life cycle synchronicities to coincide with the timing of the bloom. This makes understanding the future of the NAB – both in terms of its magnitude and timing – crucial for understanding the impacts of climate change on the North Atlantic ecosystem.
The NAB is driven by nutrients supplied to the surface ocean by deep winter mixing, but the North Atlantic Subpolar Gyre (SPG) has been identified as a tipping element in the climate system (Armstrong McKay et al., 2022). If a tipping element crosses a critical threshold – a tipping point – associated with a given level of climate change, non-linear, abrupt and potentially irreversible (over human timescales) changes are projected to occur, altering the tipping element into a qualitatively different state. The SPG may be on the verge of a tipping point characterised by a deep convection collapse. This could significantly impact the availability of surface nutrients in the region, and may cause an abrupt decline in the NAB.
We use a coupled climate model (UKESM1) forced under different emissions scenarios, as well as a high resolution ocean-only model forced by UKESM1’s model atmosphere, to investigate whether the SPG undergoes a convection collapse and how this is linked to future changes in the NAB.
 
Synergistic recognition of heavy metal pollution in soil and groundwater by using performance EDTA-crosslinking-chitosan/polypyrrole polymers
Authors: Zhang Xia
Published: March 2024

Heavy metal pollution of soil and groundwater is increasingly serious, which poses a great threat to the health development of ecosystem and human beings, and has been widely concerned by scientists. Therefore, it is urgent to carry out collaborative treatment of soil and groundwater pollution and research on green restoration technology. In this paper, the detection methods, pollution characteristics and synergies of heavy metals in soil and groundwater were systematically studied. Based on the concept of green and efficient remediation, the porous materials were synthesized using cheap sodium alginate and chitosan as raw materials and modified with Cys-IL, PVA, EDTAD, Py, etc. At the same time, hypercrosslinked polymers were synthesized using biphenyls and phthalic acid as monomer compounds. The two materials were characterized by large specific surface area, large porosity, multiple adsorption sites, strong mechanical properties and chemical stability.The maximum adsorption capacities of Cr(VI), Cu(II)andPb(II)  reach up to 398.50, 58.85and 78.31 mg/g, respectively. A collaborative remediation model for heavy metal pollution in soil and groundwater was constructed, and the collaborative remediation effect was evaluated to study the adsorption mechanism and regeneration performance. The development of economic, environmental protection, efficient soil and groundwater collaborative management and green restoration technology, to provide technical support for ecological restoration, has broad application prospects.
The Northern Hemisphere winter response to historic volcanic eruptions: How it looked like and how it may have looked like differently
Authors: Hand Ralf , Samakinwa Eric , Franke Jörg , Lipfert Laura , Brönnimann Stefan
Published: March 2024

In contrast to the radiative cooling that dominates atmospheric response to volcanoes in most regions, Northern Eurasia shows a warming signal when averaging the observed signal over several eruptions. Up to the current understanding this warming is likely caused by a positive NAO response leading to compensation of the radiative cooling through enhanced advection of mild air from the North Atlantic towards the continent. However, individual eruptions show remarkable differences when computing the response as the difference between the pre and post eruption states for each eruption separately. When only analyzing observations it is difficult to quantify the contributions of internal variability on the one hand and differences in the volcanic forcing on the other hand. Also the response mechanisms are potentially influenced by many different factors. e.g. the strength and the location of the eruption, the ocean state at the time of eruption and internal variability causing different pre-eruption states of the atmosphere. Therefore generalized statements on the volcanic response are difficult to make given the limited number of well-observed major eruptions. Ensemble climate model simulations can help to better understand the related processes by providing multiple realizations of the same historic eruptions and thereby providing a way to separate internal variability from forced signals. Here, we use ModE-Sim, a medium-size atmospheric model ensemble, and its companion dataset ModE-RA, a reanalysis product that uses ModE-Sim as an a-priori state before assimilating historic climate data from different sources. Our first results show that the commonly used practice of averaging about 15 observed eruptions may inherit high uncertainties when interpreting the volcanic winter response.