bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desarrollo del pensamiento crítico mediante la aplicación del Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas
Authors: Quintero Verónica Lara , Palet Dr. José Enrique Avila , Olivares Dra. Silvia Lizett Olivares
Published: June 2017

Resumen El proceso educativo actual involucra al docente y al estudiante con roles activos aplicando nuevas estrategias. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar si la aplicación del Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas a estudiantes de Ingeniería Biomédica de una universidad privada de Bogotá, favorece la obtención de competencias genéricas, especialmente el pensamiento crítico. El tipo de estudio fue de naturaleza mixta, cuasi-experimental y transaccional. Se utilizó para el enfoque cuantitativo el cuestionario de las Competencias Genéricas Individuales validado por Olivares y Wong (2013) asociado a tres dimensiones del pensamiento crítico: interpretación, juicio e inferência. A su vez, se evaluó de manera cualitativa mediante rúbrica de cuatro categorías relacionadas con la estrategia didáctica: autonomía, participación, comunicación y disposición al pensamiento crítico. Aunque el enfoque cuantitativo no arrojó resultados determinantes en el cambio del pensamiento crítico, si se encontraron cambios a través del análisis cualitativo, especialmente en análisis, interpretación y evaluación.
Psicologia Escolar: análise sobre dificuldades e superações no Brasil e Portugal
Authors: Petroni Ana Paula , Souza Vera Lucia Trevisan de
Published: June 2017

Resumo Apresentamos neste artigo algumas considerações acerca da constituição e do fortalecimento da Psicologia Escolar como área de conhecimento e de prática. O objetivo é problematizar o modo como a atuação do psicólogo escolar tem sido representada e nos aproximarmos de uma visão mais crítica com relação a sua prática. Para isso, buscamos apresentar um cenário de como essa área vem sendo construída e constituída no Brasil e em Portugal. Acreditamos que as reflexões aqui desenvolvidas oferecem lastro para a atuação do psicólogo na escola, possibilitando a construção de uma ação crítica que incorporaas condicionantes históricas, políticas e econômicas que constituem esta instituição e se volta ao seu enfrentamento, pela aposta nos sujeitos e suas objetivações, como protagonistas de suas histórias, seu desenvolvimento e sua aprendizagem.
Premaxilla: an independent bone that can base therapeutics for middle third growth!
Authors: Trevizan Mariana , Consolaro Alberto
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT Premaxilla, in its early descriptions, had the participation of Goethe. In our face, in a certain period of growth and development processes, premaxilla is an independent and, then, a semi-independent bone to finally be totally integrated to the maxilla. Formation of the premaxilla acts as a stabilization element inside the facial skeleton comparable to the cornerstone of a Roman arch and is closely related to the development of human face and its abnormal growth with characteristic malformations. Until when the premaxillary-maxillary suture remains open and offers opportunities to orthopedically influence facial growth to exert influence over facial esthetics and function? Contact with preliminary results in 1183 skulls from anatomic museums at USP, Unicamp and Unifesp led us to question therapeutic perspectives and its clinical applicability.
Six-month bracket failure rate with a flowable composite: A split-mouth randomized controlled trial
Authors: Krishnan Sindhuja , Pandian Saravana , Rajagopal R.
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: The use of flowable composites as an orthodontic bonding adhesive merits great attention because of their adequate bond strength, ease of clinical handling and reduced number of steps in bonding. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this Randomized Controlled Trial was to comparatively evaluate over a 6-month period the bond failure rate of a flowable composite (Heliosit Orthodontic, Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan) and a conventional orthodontic bonding adhesive (Transbond XT, 3M Unitek). METHODS: 53 consecutive patients (23 males and 30 females) who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. A total of 891 brackets were analyzed, where 444 brackets were bonded using Heliosit Orthodontic and 447 brackets were bonded using Transbond XT. The survival rates of brackets were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier analysis. Bracket survival distributions for bonding adhesives, tooth location and dental arch were compared with the log-rank test. RESULTS: The failure rates of the Transbond XT and the Heliosit Orthodontic groups were 8.1% and 6% respectively. No significant differences in the survival rates were observed between them (p= 0.242). There was no statistically significant difference in the bond failure rates when the clinical performance of the maxillary versus the mandibular arches and the anterior versus the posterior segments were compared. CONCLUSIONS: Both systems had clinically acceptable bond failure rates and are adequate for orthodontic bonding needs.
Early vertical correction of the deep curve of Spee
Authors: Martins Renato Parsekian
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT Even though few technological advancements have occurred in Orthodontics recently, the search for more efficient treatments continues. This paper analyses how to accelerate and improve one of the most arduous phases of orthodontic treatment, i.e., correction of the curve of Spee. The leveling of a deep curve of Spee can happen simultaneously with the alignment phase through a method called Early Vertical Correction (EVC). This technique uses two cantilevers affixed to the initial flexible archwire. This paper describes the force system produced by EVC and how to control its side effects. The EVC can reduce treatment time in malocclusions with deep curves of Spee, by combining two phases of the therapy, which clinicians ordinarily pursue sequentially.
O método analítico-sintético de Julius Kaiser: um pioneirismo para o tratamento temático da informação
Authors: SALES Rodrigo de , GUIMARÃES José Augusto Chaves
Published: June 2017

Resumo O desenvolvimento do método analítico-sintético, normalmente atribuído a S. R. Ranganathan, teve suas bases iniciais definidas na indexação sistemática elaborada por J. Kaiser em princípios do século XX, cerca de duas décadas antes do aparecimento da classificação facetada. O presente artigo busca sustentar a proposição de que, ao unir o princípio filosófico de categorização (para análise) com a lógica pragmática da indexação de assuntos (para síntese), quando da elaboração de sua forma de indexação, Kaiser concebeu as bases fundamentais do método analítico-sintético. O quadro teórico que subsidia o estudo é formado pela bibliografia pertinente ao tratamento temático da informação, notadamente no que se refere à classificação bibliográfica, à catalogação de assuntos e à indexação. Adotando como abordagem metodológica o pragmatismo de William James, investigou-se como a sistemática procedimental do método de indexação de Kaiser se configura como precursora do método analítico-sintético. Os elementos fundamentais da investigação foram os componentes da análise, a realização da análise, a realização da síntese e os produtos da síntese, contemplando, assim, as dimensões analítica e sintética dos trabalhos desenvolvidos por Kaiser e por Ranganathan.
MEMÓRIA SOCIAL E INDIVIDUALIZAÇÃO NA TRAJETÓRIA DE ATORES ENGAJADOS EM PROJETOS DE EDUCAÇÃO PATRIMONIAL
Authors: Silva Rodrigo Manoel Dias da
Published: June 2017

RESUMO: Assumindo a hipótese de Joel Candau acerca da vigência hodierna de processos de individualização e fragmentação das memórias sociais, o presente artigo objetivou analisar as correspondências entre memória social e individualização na trajetória de atores sociais engajados em projetos de educação patrimonial no Brasil. Para tal, mobilizou duas estratégias analíticas. Na primeira, visou sumariar os principais contornos dos processos de individualização na modernidade e suas dimensões institucionais, sob inspiração da abordagem sociológica de Ulrich Beck. Na segunda, a partir de estudo empírico, objetivou analisar a trajetória de um ator envolvido em práticas de educação patrimonial, a fim de examinar a composição das pautas de suas proposições políticas e a suposta individualização de suas intervenções nos municípios em que atua.
MNEMONIC CAPABILITIES: COLLECTIVE MEMORY AS A DYNAMIC CAPABILITY
Authors: Coraiola Diego M. , Suddaby Roy , Foster William M.
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT Dynamic capabilities (DCs) are the processes that organizations develop to remain competitive over time. However, in spite of the importance of temporality in the development of DCs, the roles of time, history, and memory remain largely implicit. In fact, most studies focus on the past as a source of constraints and limits for managerial action. Alternatively, we advocate for a social constructionist view of the past. Our core argument is that the capacity to manage the past is a critical competence of modern organizations. We argue that organizations can manage their collective memory as resources that aid the objective reproduction and exploitation of existing routines, the interpretive reconstruction and recombination of past capabilities for adaptation to environmental change, and the imaginative extension and exploration of collective memory for anticipated scenarios and outcomes. This renewed view of time, history, and memory is better suited for a dynamic theory of competitive advantage.
GENDERING DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES IN MICRO FIRMS
Authors: Bogodistov Yevgen , Presse André , Krupskyi Oleksandr P. , Sardak Sergii
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT Gender issues are well-researched in the general management literature, particular in studies on new ventures. Unfortunately, gender issues have been largely ignored in the dynamic capabilities literature. We address this gap by analyzing the effects of gender diversity on dynamic capabilities among micro firms. We consider the gender of managers and personnel in 124 Ukrainian tourism micro firms. We examine how a manager's gender affects the firm's sensing capacities and investigate how it moderates team gender diversity's impact on sensing capacities. We also investigate how personnel composition impacts seizing and reconfiguration capacities. We find that female managers have several shortcomings concerning a firm's sensing capacity but that personnel gender diversity increases this capacity. Team gender diversity has positive effects on a firm's seizing and reconfiguration abilities. Our study advances research on gender diversity and its impact on firm capabilities and illustrates its relevance for staffing practices in micro firms.
Diagnóstico e fatores de risco do complexo teníase-cisticercose bovina no município de Salinas, Minas Gerais
Authors: Magalhães Fernanda C. , Santos Thiago M. , Assis Débora C. , Ornellas Cleia D. , Pinto Paulo A. , Santos Wagner M.
Published: June 2017

RESUMO: Com o objetivo de diagnosticar a situação do complexo teníase-cisticercose bovina no município de Salinas, Minas Gerais, foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 355 bovinos distribuídos em 18 propriedades rurais, sorteadas aleatoriamente. Em cada propriedade, foi aplicado um questionário socioeconômico para a análise de fatores que favorecem a manutenção do complexo teníase-cisticercose bovina. Foi realizado também um levantamento epidemiológico dos casos de teníase diagnosticados nos laboratórios credenciados pela Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Salinas, no período de 2007 a 2010. A prevalência de cisticercose bovina foi de 4,70% enquanto as prevalências de teníase, encontradas durante os quatro períodos avaliados, foram de 0,29%, 0,36%, 0,24% e 0,24%. Entre os fatores de risco para a manutenção do complexo teníase-cisticercose analisados, foi observada uma relação estatisticamente significativa entre a ocorrência de cisticercose bovina e a ingestão de carne malpassada pelos entrevistados. Foi concluído que a cisticercose bovina está presente no município de Salinas, Minas Gerais, sendo o tratamento térmico ineficiente da carne bovina o principal fator de risco para a manutenção do complexo teníase-cisticercose, o que reforça a necessidade da adoção de medidas de controle com contínua vigilância epidemiológica e sanitária.
Morfologia comparada do aparelho respiratório de capivaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochoeris)
Authors: Moreto Amanda O. , Oliveira Franceliusa D. , Bertassoli Bruno M. , Assis Neto Antônio C.
Published: June 2017

RESUMO: A capivara (Hydrochoerus hydrochoeris), um roedor silvestre típico no continente Sul-americano, é utilizada como fonte de alimento em toda a sua região de ocorrência, sendo um importante componente na dieta de povo indígena e população rural do Brasil. O conhecimento da morfologia fornece bases para outras áreas de atuação, bem coamo, para o manejo biológico de animais silvestres. Devido à escassez na literatura de estudos anatômicos e morfológicos do aparelho respiratório da capivara, o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar os órgãos deste aparelho, macro e microscopicamente, para que possamos adquirir melhor conhecimento básico e compará-lo com o de animais da mesma subordem (Histricomorfos) e com outras espécies de mamíferos. Vimos que o aparelho respiratório da capivara é formado pelas narinas, fossas nasais, cavidade nasal, seios paranasais, faringe, laringe, traqueia e pulmões. O nariz se localiza em plano nasal com as narinas dispostas lateralmente. A maior parte da cavidade nasal está ocupada pelas conchas nasais, que se apresentam como estruturas em formato de espiral, com seus respectivos meatos. A laringe está delimitada por suas cartilagens e está em comunicação com a traqueia. A traqueia é um tubo cartilaginoso flexível e membranoso, com anéis incompletos em formato de “C”, que se bifurca em sua parte terminal, formando a carina traqueal. Os pulmões apresentam-se em pares, direito (com quatro lobos) e esquerdo (com dois lobos), localizados na cavidade torácica. As árvores brônquicas são formadas pelo brônquio primário e por uma sequência intrapulmonar que inclui brônquios intrapulmonares, bronquíolos, bronquíolos terminais e bronquíolos respiratórios.
Effect of a synthetic analogue of the feline facial pheromone on salivary cortisol levels in the domestic cat
Authors: Silva Bianca P.L. da , Knackfuss Fabiana B. , Labarthe Norma , Mendes-de-Almeida Flavya
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the ability of a saliva collection device (Salivette®) to measure cortisol levels in saliva samples of domestic cats and to assess the effect of a synthetic analogue of the feline facial pheromone fraction F3 (Feliway®) on cortisol levels. A total of 28 domestic cats from a private high-quality sanctuary were sampled before exposure to the facial pheromone and after 35 days of exposure. Two pheromone devices were placed in the area where the animals ate to guarantee the exposure of all cats. The collecting device yielded a sufficient volume of saliva (≥0.20mL) to allow cortisol measurement. Cortisol measurements ranged from 0.02g/dL to 0.16μg/dL, with a difference between before (42.1%) and after (62.6%) exposure to the pheromone (F=3.2351; p≤0.0002). No difference in cortisol levels was observed between before (x =0.078μg/dL) and after (x =0.066μg/dL) (t=1.79; p=0.08) exposure. However, salivary cortisol levels decreased in 75% (21/28) of the cats after exposure (x 2=12.07; p=0.0005), suggesting that the animals have different susceptibilities to the pheromone or that they spent different lengths of time in the area where the pheromone devices were installed.
Processos de singularização no modo psicossocial
Authors: Argiles Carmen Terezinha , Kantorski Luciane Prado , Willrich Janaína Quinzen , Coimbra Valéria Christello
Published: June 2017

Resumo O artigo objetiva relacionar as possibilidades de produção de subjetividade singularizada no serviço de CAPS de Alegrete-RS, entendendo-se a necessidade de identificar as aproximações e distanciamentos das práticas desenvolvidas e dos objetivos propostos a partir da reforma psiquiátrica nesse serviço. Utilizou-se a modalidade de estudo de caso com abordagem qualitativa descritiva e analítica. Foram efetuadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com 11 usuários e 21 trabalhadores e observação participante, perfazendo um total de 253 horas. Encontraram-se nos espaços do serviço aspectos de inovação nas práticas e dinâmicas propostas para pensar, criar e resistir, potencializando a subjetivação e os processos de singularização das pessoas envolvidas na atenção psicossocial. As relações construídas mobilizam para o desenvolvimento de múltiplos recursos individuais, coletivos e sociais para um modo singular de viver em sociedade, com respeito às diferenças, aos desejos, aos modos de relação e de concepção de mundo.
Fuzzy Visa: um modelo de lógica fuzzy para a avaliação de risco da Vigilância Sanitária para inspeção de resíduos de serviços de saúde
Authors: Silva Natércia Fonseca de Carvalho da , Vianna Cid Manso de Mello , Oliveira Fabiano Saldanha Gomes de , Mosegui Gabriela Bittencourt Gonzalez , Rodrigues Marcus Paulo da Silva
Published: June 2017

Resumo A inspeção sanitária de Gerenciamento de Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde (GRSS) carece de metodologia de trabalho padronizada que proporcione bases seguras de avaliação de risco potencial (RP). O objetivo deste trabalho foi propor um instrumento baseado em lógica fuzzy capaz de padronizar a inspeção e gerar indicadores de controle sanitário. O modelo foi desenvolvido com 18 subsistemas relacionados ao GRSS, que resultaram da aglutinação de elementos identificados na inspeção, como aqueles que interferem na avaliação e permeiam todas as etapas do GRSS. A validação do modelo foi realizada em dez unidades de saúde no Rio de Janeiro, de maio a novembro de 2009. Os resultados obtidos no sistema seguiram os diagnósticos realizados pelos especialistas, mostrando a possibilidade de sistematização e racionalização das avaliações de RP. Esse sistema de apoio à decisão torna mais eficiente a gestão e o planejamento de ações na avaliação do RP.
Análise da influência de microestruturas heterogêneas na resposta macromecânica do problema bidimensional de placas
Authors: Furtado Amanda Soares , Pituba José Julio de Cerqueita , Fernandes Gabriela Rezende
Published: June 2017

RESUMO Neste trabalho apresentam-se análises do problema bidimensional de placas compostas por materiais heterogêneos com acoplamento do MEC (Método dos Elementos de Contorno) e MEF (Método dos Elementos Finitos), através de uma abordagem multi-escala. O MEC é adotado para modelar o problema definido no macro-contínuo, que neste trabalho é dado pela análise não-linear do problema bidimensional de placas, enquanto o problema de equilíbrio na micro-escala (representada pelo Elemento de Volume Representativo - EVR) é resolvido pelo MEF. É importante notar, que na formulação não-linear do MEC é adotado o operador tangente consistente ao longo do processo iterativo, a fim de reduzir o esforço computacional, que é muito importante em uma análise multi-escala. Um EVR deve estar associado a cada ponto do macro-contínuo, onde se faz necessário conhecer as tensões e o tensor constitutivo a fim de solucionar o problema não-linear da placa. Para solucionar o problema de equilíbrio do EVR, devem-se impor ao mesmo, condições de contorno em termos de flutuações dos deslocamentos. Depois de resolver o problema de equilíbrio do EVR, a passagem do micro-contínuo para o macro-contínuo é feita adotando-se técnicas de homogeneização para os campos de tensões e do tensor constitutivo, que permitem calcular os respectivos valores homogeneizados para um ponto do macro-contínuo. Nos exemplos numéricos são definidos diferentes EVRs, os quais podem ter inclusões ou vazios no seu domínio, sendo cada fase modelada por modelos constitutivos próprios. Os resultados confirmam as potencialidades de aplicação da modelagem proposta.
Fraude académico en universitarios en Colombia: ¿Qué tan crónica es la enfermedad?
Authors: Martinez Lina , Enrique Ramírez R.
Published: June 2017

Resumen Este estudio indaga sobre la frecuencia de comisión de fraude académico en estudiantes universitarios, los principales tipos de fraude y las razones que aducen los estudiantes para incurrir en esta conducta. Los datos se obtienen de encuestas directas administradas en momentos diferentes entre los años 2003 y 2013 a más de 3.300 estudiantes de cuatro universidades colombianas de alto prestigio académico. Estas universidades, tres privadas y una pública, están ubicadas en las tres principales ciudades de Colombia. Se encontró que más del 90% de los estudiantes encuestados admitieron haber cometido algún tipo de fraude en su vida universitaria y que la proporción de estudiantes que admitieron haber cometido fraude no ha tenido un cambio significativo en la década que cubre el estudio. También se encontró que los tipos de fraude más comunes entre los estudiantes encuestados son dejar que los copien en un examen, incluir a alguien en un grupo sin haber trabajado y prestar un trabajo. Tener mucho trabajo, que la evaluación sólo mida memoria y ayudarle a un compañero son las razones que los estudiantes aducen con mayor frecuencia como excusa para cometer fraude.
Internacionalização da pós-graduação no Brasil: lógica e mecanismos
Authors: Ramos Milena Yumi
Published: June 2017

Resumo Nas últimas duas ou três décadas, a dimensão internacional tornou-se parte integral da educação de nível superior e da pesquisa científica, motivando a emergência da noção de internacionalização. Neste artigo, a lógica e os mecanismos de internacionalização implementados pelos programas de pós-graduação (PPGs) que receberam notas seis e sete na Avaliação Trienal 2010 promovida pela Capes são examinados. Ao todo, 322 coordenadores de programas de pós-graduação foram convidados a responder a um questionário web organizado em três seções que lidavam com diferentes aspectos dos esforços de internacionalização empreendidos pelos programas que coordenavam, quais sejam: concepções e justificativas; estratégias, iniciativas e parceiros; fatores facilitadores e inibidores. Após validação, restaram 66 questionários que forneceram os dados empíricos de base deste estudo. Entre os PPGs brasileiros de excelência, identificou-se a prevalência de uma concepção de internacionalização orientada a atividades: a mobilidade acadêmica para o exterior é vista como o principal mecanismo de acesso à experiência internacional, à formação de redes e ao estabelecimento de colaborações internacionais em pesquisa. Embora incipiente, iniciativas para atrair pesquisadores estrangeiros e outros esforços de internacionalização em casa estão ganhando força. A presença de docentes formados no exterior, capazes de mobilizar suas redes externas para estabelecer intercâmbios e parcerias científicas é considerada condição chave para a internacionalização da pós-graduação e da pesquisa no Brasil. Porém, a falta de uma estratégia nacional e de sistemas administrativos e políticas institucionais adequados na maioria das instituições de ensino superior do país obstaculizam o desenvolvimento desses laços em um processo mais significante e sustentado de cooperação científica internacional.
Herd-level spatial cluster analysis of bovine cysticercosis in the state of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil
Authors: Maia Amanda Rafaela Alves , Pinto Paulo Sérgio de Arruda , Peixoto Rafaella Paola Meneguete dos Guimarães , Silva Letícia Ferreira da , Fernandes Leise Gomes , Santos Carolina de Sousa Américo Batista , Alves Clebert José , Azevedo Sérgio Santos de
Published: June 2017

Abstract The aim of this survey was to identify spatial clustering of bovine cysticercosis-positive herds in the state of Paraíba. The state was divided into three sampling groups: sampling stratum 1 (Sertão mesoregion), sampling stratum 2 (Borborema mesoregion) and sampling stratum 3 (Zona da Mata and Agreste mesoregions), and 2382 cows aging ≥ 24 months from 474 farms were sampled. Serological diagnoses of bovine cysticercosis were initially done by means of indirect ELISA, and positive serum samples were confirmed by a immunoblot test. Herds were deemed positive for cysticercosis if they presented at least one positive animal in herds of up to 29 females, and two positive animals in herds with more than 29 females. The spatial clustering was assessed using the Cuzick-Edwards k-nearest neighbor method and spatial scan statistics. A significant clustering of positive herds was detected in the southern part of the Borborema mesoregion. Given that serological tests for bovine cysticercosis are not widely available, and also that replacement and maintenance of herds through animal purchases is common in the region, it can be concluded that prevention measures should be applied at herd level.
The UK’s Modern Slavery Legislation: An Early Assessment of Progress
Authors: Craig Gary
Published: June 2017

In 2015, the Westminster UK government introduced a Modern Slavery Act described by its proponents as ‘world-leading’. This description was challenged at the time both inside and outside the UK. Two years on, it is possible to make a preliminary assessment of  progress with the Act and its two counterparts in Scotland and Northern Ireland. This article reviews the origins of discussions about modern slavery in the UK, describes the process leading to the passage of the Modern Slavery Act(s) and attempts an early evaluation of its effectiveness. It concludes that much remains to be done to ensure that they achieve their goal of abolishing slavery in the UK.
International Human Trafficking: Measuring Clandestinity by the Structural Equation Approach
Authors: Rudolph Alexandra , Schneider Friedrich
Published: June 2017

Worldwide human trafficking is the third most often registered international criminal activity, ranked only after drug and weapon trafficking. This article focusses on three questions: 1) How can human trafficking be measured? 2) What are the causes and indicators of this criminal activity which exploits individuals? 3) Which countries observe a high (or low) level of human trafficking inflow? We apply the Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes structural equation model to measure human trafficking inflows in a way which includes all potential causes and indicators in one estimation model. The human trafficking measurement focusses on international human trafficking. We use freely available existing data and thus generate an objective measure of the extent of trafficking. Countries are ranked according to their potential to be a destination country based on various characteristics of the trafficking process.
Significance of glutathione peroxidases in endometrium function: facts, hypotheses, and research perspectives
Authors: Razygraev Alexey V , Matrosova Mariya O , Titovich Irina A
Published: June 2017

Enzymes of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) family, together with peroxiredoxins, form thiol peroxidase superfamily, the property of which is the thiol-dependent catalysis of the hydroperoxide reduction. This property determines them as antioxidant protectors. Among human GPXs the eight forms are known, five of which are selenium-dependent (GPX1,2,3,4, and 6). The most number of facts supporting the substantial role of GPX in functioning of endometrium are linked with the GPX3, which is the secretory GPX. The number of candidate progesterone response elements in the promoter of GPX3 gene prevails over the number of candidate estrogen response elements; GPX3 is upregulated gene during postovulatory phase of reproductive cycle and during pregnancy; in the endometrial stroma, the transcription of Gpx3 is stimulated through the transcription factor HIF1α. Using laboratory animals, the spatial and temporal coincidence of Gpx3 activation and blastocyst implantation was observed. It was confirmed that GPX3 decreases hydrogen peroxide concentration in endometrium in pregnant animals and during in vitro decidualization. The vulnerability of reproductive function to physiological stress at the insufficient expression of GPX3 is hypothesized. The GPX3 enzymatic activity in endometrium is poorly investigated. The has been hypothesized that selenium-containing medications are effective in the endometrium receptivity improvement and in the supporting the normal embryo development (especially during the influence of physiological stressors) by the maintenance of the posttranscriptional, selenium-dependent stage of GPX3 biosynthesis in endometrium. Probably, the GPX3 expression can be increased by the steriods with gestagenic activity (through the increase of Gpx3 transcription, analogously to effect of progesterone). In contrast with the «classic» GPX (GPX1) and probably with most of other members of GPX family, GPX3 has a wide thiol specificity. It is proposed to assess the activity of GPX3 using the reduced homocysteine and cysteine as thiol substrates instead of the reduced glutathione.
Classifications of endometriosis
Authors: Aylamazyan Edvard K , Yarmolinskaya Mariya I , Molotkov Arseniy S , Tsitskarava Dmitry Z
Published: June 2017

In the article a review of the main classifications of endometriosis is presented. Main drawbacks of existing classifications have been revealed. A need for a new classification of the disease, which has to be empirical, evidence-based, containing terms that have unambiguous definitions, applicable for various clinical situations, taking into account new clinical forms and able to predict a course of the disease (including the development of pain syndrome and infertility), it’s outcomes and a risk of recurrence is stressed. The new classification of endometriosis has to be based on resolutions of a consensuses and applicable for new guidelines for diagnosis and treatment. For the new classification it is essential to be approachable and easy-to-use in routine clinical practice. It has to allow a physician to determine a stage the disease promptly and meaningfully. A new Protocol taking into account a combination of different forms of endometriosis (superficial, deep infiltrative, adenomyosis, endometriomas, extragenital), color of endometriotic lesions, special aspects of clinical course, results of hormonal examination, reproductive plans and prior hormonal therapy is proposed.
25-Hydroxyvitamin D and matrix metalloproteinases-2, -9 level in patients with primary open angle glaucoma and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma/syndrome
Authors: Beletskaya Inessa S. , Karonova Tatiana L. , Astakhov Sergey Yu.
Published: June 2017

Aim. To determine serum 25(OH)D and plasma MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEG), and pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PES) to assess potential associations between vitamin D status and the above mentioned diseases.

Methods. We included 238 patients (105 males and 133 females) aged from 55 to 75 years. One hundred twenty two patients had PEG, 46 patients had POAG, 32 had PES. 38 subjects were healthy, and were considered as the control group. Cases with clinically significant systemic diseases and concomiatant eye diseases were excluded, if there was a confirmed pathogenic impact of vitamin D and MMP. The serum 25(OH)D level was investigated by immunochemiluminescence method, plasma MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels by ELISA.

Results. Serum 25(OH)D level was between 4.6 and 82.25 nM/l (mean 41.7 nM/l), so most participants showed vitamin D deficiency. It was shown that mean serum 25(OH)D level in patients with PEG, POAG and PES was similar (39.3 1.2, 38.8 2.1 and 40.51 2.4 nM/l, p 0.05), but it was lower than those in the control group (52.7 2.1 nM/l, p 0.01). Plasma MMP-2 concentration was the same in all study groups. Plasma MMP-9 level was higher in POAG and PES patients (48.23 3.26 and 54.01 3.57 ng/ml) than in the control group (32.60 2.34 ng/ml, p 0.001) and in patients with PEG (40.86 3.60 ng/ml, p 0.05). We found positive correlations between MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels in patients with PEG (r = 0.48, p = 0.001) and patients with POAG (r = 0.43, p = 0.003). The correlation analysis showed also a negative relation between 25(OH)D and MMP-9 (r = 0.32, p = 0.02), as well as MMP-2 (r = 0.33, p = 0.02) in patients with POAG.

Summary. Study results confirmed a potential role of vitamin D in apoptosis regulation and tissue remodeling in patients with POAG and PES. Hence, vitamin D deficiency can be considered as a risk factor for glaucoma development.
Research of Mitomycin-C saturation in dacryocystorhinostomy osteotomy site tissue
Authors: At´kova Evgeniya L. , Root Anna O. , Krahoveckiy Nikolay N. , Yartsev Vasiliy D. , Yartsev Stepan D.
Published: June 2017

Introduction. Mitomycin-C is an alkylating antibiotic used to prevent excessive scar formation in the dacryostoma area after dacryocystorhinostomy. In vitro studies proved its inhibition effect on fibroblast growth in 0.2 mg/ml concentration. Up to date, clinical data on its efficacy remain contradictory.

Aim. To evaluate the concentration of Mitomycin-C in nasal cavity and lacrimal sac mucosa after topical application and to determine the clinical efficacy of this procedure.

Materials and methods. 30 patients with nasolacrimal duct obliteration underwent an endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy. At the end of the surgery, at the osteotomy site, a sponge soaked in Mitomycin-C 0,2 mg/ml was applied for 3 minutes. Nasal mucosa biopsy was performed immediately after application, in 30 minutes, and at the 1st day after surgery. Biopsy material analysis of was performed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The surgical treatment efficacy was established according to proposed efficacy criteria.

Results. The analysis of Mitomicyn-C concentrations established them to be: 626 176 ng/g tissue immediately after application, 230 61 ng/g tissue in 30 minutes after application. In 24 hours after surgery, there was no Mitomycin-C in the tissue. Surgical efficacy was 86.7%, recurrences were found in 13.3% of cases.

Conclusion. Surgery clinical results coincide with those obtained by other researchers. But chemical investigation showed that Mitomycin-C tissue concentration was lower than that in previous in vitro studies.
Estimation algorithm of the lower eyelid tone
Authors: Potemkin Vitaly V. , Ageeva Elena V.
Published: June 2017

The condition of ocular adnexal tissues plays an important role not only in determining the pathogenesis of eyelid malposition but also in the choice of surgical treatment. Most frequent types of eyelid malposition are involutional lower lid ectropion and entropion. An estimation algorithm of the lower eyelid tone was described in this article.
Features of measurement of intraocular pressure in children
Authors: Tugeeva Elina E. , Brzheskiy Vladimir V.
Published: June 2017

This review discusses the results of various studies conducted in recent years on the comparison of modern methods of measuring intraocular pressure (IOP) in children: pneumotonometry, Maklakov applanation tonometry, and tonometry using Perkins tonometer, Goldmann tonometer, Icare tonometer, Ocular Response Analyzer, TonoPen handheld tonometer, transpalpebral tonometer TIOP01, or a dynamic contour Pascal tonometer. This study discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different methods of measurement of IOP in children, including the evaluation of patients with fibrous lens capsules that might affect the measurement of IOP and an analysis of the characteristics of evaluation of IOP in children with congenital glaucoma.
Morphological changes in the macular area at post-thrombotic maculopathy after intravitreal injection of a dexamethasone implant (evidence from 5 clinical cases)
Authors: Bikbov Mukharram M , Fayzrakhmanov Rinat R , Gil’manshin Timur R , Arslangareeva Inga I
Published: June 2017

Purpose. To evaluate the effect of intravitreal implant with dexamethasone on the morphological changes of macular area in patients with central retinal vein occlusion.Materials and methods. Results of optical coherence tomography of the central retinal area of 5 patients (5 eyes) with newly diagnosed central retinal vein occlusion complicated by macular edema (ME) are presented. All the patients underwent single intravitreal injection of dexamethasone implant. Maximal follow-up period – 12 months.Results. In 1 month after dexamethasone implant injection, we observed a decrease of foveal retinal thickness from 425.36 ± 57.87 to 273.75 ± 36.65 µm. In 1 year after treatment, foveal retinal thickness increased by 1.2 times compared to results got in 1 month after dexamethasone implant injection. The transformation of the macular area under the implant action was mainly due to changes in thickness and structure in the outer and inner nuclear and plexiform retinal layers.Conclusion. Intravitreal injection of dexamethasone implant provides a decrease in post-thrombotic macular edema in 1 month since implantation. Retinal layers transform selectively at various pathological conditions of the retina, including macular edema. Retinal thickness changes in post-thrombotic ME, including those occurring under the dexamethason implant action are mainly related to changes in the outer and inner nuclear and plexiform retinal layers. The duration of morpho-functional effect persists not less than 12 months after treatment.
Dependence of anticonvulsant activity of 1-aryl-1, 5-dihydro-4H-pyrazole (3,4-d) pyrimidine-4-one derivatives on biopharmaceutical factors
Authors: Severina Anna I. , Kavraiskyi Dmitryi P. , Kovalevska Inna V. , Shtrygol’ Sergey Yu. , Ruban Elena A. , Georgiyants Victoria A.
Published: June 2017

Background: We have synthesized three 5-R-1-aryl-1,5-dihydro-4Н-pyrazole(3,4-d)pyrimidine-4-one derivatives that previously have demonstrated powerful anticonvulsant activity. A great number of physicochemical factors are known to influence on bioavailability and stability of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Therefore the purpose of research was to determine the effect of purification technology and dispersibility of 5-R-1-aryl-1, 5-dihydro-4Н-pyrazole (3,4-d) pyrimidine-4-one derivatives on their anticonvulsant activity.Methods: The anticonvulsant effect of this compounds was studied in a model of pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure in mice.Results: The results obtained revealed the optimal solvent for recrystallization of compounds to be isopropanol: compounds, purified by recrystallization from isopropanol, had higher solubility in water and tween; also, they had a tendency to increase anticonvulsant activity. It was found that there is a significant dependence of the latter on compound’s dispersion - the smaller the size of crystals the higher anticonvulsant activity.Conclusions: The dependence of anticonvulsant activity of compounds on the degree of dispersion was proved: the smaller particle size the higher anticonvulsant activity. This can be explained by fast dissolution of fine-dispersed substances, thus increasing the bioavailability if the compounds studied.
Evaluation of lipid lowering ability of atorvastatin and ezetimibe combination as compared with atorvastatin monotherapy
Authors: Dudhal Kalpana S. , Bapat Tushar R. , Bansode Amit A.
Published: June 2017

Background: Many patients on statin therapy do not achieve recommended LDL cholesterol goals. They require either high dose statin regimen or combination of statins with other lipid modifying agents. Ezetimibe is a novel drug when added to statins, will provide additional reduction in LDL-C level.Methods: Total 100 patients with CHD or hypertension and having serum LDL-C levels of ≥100 mg/dl were enrolled for the study and were randomly allocated to two groups. Baseline investigations done. Patients from Group I received Atorvastatin (10mg) per day orally and patients from group II received combination of Atorvastatin (10mg) and Ezetimibe (10mg) per day orally. Study treatment was started on the day of randomization and continued for 12 weeks and follow up visits were scheduled at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. During each follow up investigations repeated and patients were interviewed and examined for occurrence of any adverse effect.Results: There was greater reduction in levels of LDL-C, Total cholesterol and serum triglycerides in patients treated with Atorvastatin plus Ezetimibe combination as compared to those patients treated with Atorvastatin alone. This difference in percentage reduction in LDL-C, Total cholesterol and serum triglycerides levels in two groups was highly significant at 4, 8 and 12 weeks (p<0.01).Conclusions: Addition of Ezetimibe to Atorvastatin offers a very effective and well tolerated option for patients with CHD and hypertension having LDL-C levels of >100mg/dl as it significantly lowers the LDL-C along with total cholesterol and triglycerides.
A study of efficacy and safety of intravenous iron sucrose for the treatment of moderate anaemia in antenatal women in South India
Authors: Vundi Venkata Ramana , Pudutha Madhavi , Kambar Chandrakala
Published: June 2017

Background: Iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy is a common medical problem throughout India with the burden of disease impacting on both mother and the newborn. The WHO technical group working on the prevention and treatment of anaemia has documented that parenteral iron therapy has produced a rapid and better correction of iron deficiency anaemia.Methods: A total of 61 antenatal women in the age group of 18-25yrs were enrolled and randomly assigned into study group. For a period of 4 weeks, study group received iron sucrose intravenously. The results were noted, tabulated, analysed and expressed as descriptive statistics. Student's ‘t’ test and percentages were compared using chi square test. P -value, <0.001 was considered significant. The results were analysed by using SPSS V-21 software.Results: Mean rise of Hb was 2.51±0.44 with IV iron sucrose this was highly significant (HS). Mean rise of MCV was 8.02±6.72 with IV iron sucrose this was not significant (NS). Mean rise of PCV was5.7±2.77 with IV iron sucrose. These findings showed improvement in Hb and PCV which were statistically highly significant (HS). Adverse effects were 14% in the group.Conclusions: The present study proved that iron sucrose when given intravenously there was a rapid improvement in anaemia. IV iron sucrose was proved to be safe with minimal side effects.
Study on drug usage pattern of anxiolytics in psychiatric department in a tertiary care teaching hospital at Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Dutta Shakti B. , Beg Mirza A. , Bawa Shalu , Kaur Amanjot , Vishal Subhash , Singh Nand Kishore
Published: June 2017

Background: Psychopharmacology is a rapidly growing field, in which the number of patients is continuously increasing. Newly introduced drugs are projected as the better alternative to the traditional psychiatric medicines. The utilization and consequences on real life effectiveness and safety of antianxiety drugs in actual clinical practice need continuous monitoring. Aim of the present study was to analyze the pattern of various anxiolytic drugs prescribed to the patients in psychiatric department of a tertiary care teaching hospital.Methods: The present study was conducted by the department of pharmacology, in the department of psychiatry at SGRRIM and HS, Dehradun, for a period of 6 months from June 2016 to December 2016. Prescriptions of patients diagnosed with anxiety were analysed, using WHO drug use indicators.Results: A total of 603 prescriptions with anxiety disorder were collected. The mean age was 35.46±0.88 years. Majority of the patients were in 31-50 years age group 309 (51.24%). Male:Female ratio was 1:0.69. Disease pattern observed during the study were 177 (29.35%) generalized anxiety disorder, 147 (24.38%) depression, 99 (16.42%) obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), 81 (13.43%) psychotic illness, 63 (10.45%) bipolar disorders and 36 (5.97%) patients categorized as others category respectively. A total of 1974 psychotropic drugs were prescribed, 654 (33.13%) antianxiety drugs, 648 (32.83%) antidepressants, 240 (12.16%) antipsychotics, 198 (10.03%) antiepileptics and 234 (11.85%) miscellaneous drugs were prescribed. 552 (91.54%) patients received monotherapy and 51 (8.46%) were given polytherapy of anxiolytics. All (100%) anxiolytics were orally prescribed. A total of 30 fixed dose combinations (FDCs) of anxiolytics were prescribed. The numbers of anxiolytics per prescription were 1.085. The anxiolytics prescribed from National Essential Medicine List 2015 were 555 (84.86%). The percentage of anxiolytics with brand names were 618 (94.5%).Conclusions: Most of the prescriptions were rational but there is a need to encourage prescribing by generic names so that more cost-effective and rational treatment can be provided to the patients.
Adverse events of albendazole due to mass drug administration
Authors: Agrawal Pooja , Srivastava Bhavana , Bhardwaj Reena , Gaur Sanjay
Published: June 2017

Background: Soil-transmitted helminths are mostly prevalent in developing countries due to poor sanitation and lack of adequate clean water. The present study examines adverse events (AEs) experienced following administration of albendazole to children (2-19 Years) at Uttarakhand on national de-worming day.Methods: Children were given single doses of albendazole on national de-worming day. Some of children experienced adverse events and were admitted in hospital of Govt Medical college Haldwani (Uttarakhand). Data were collected and analyzed.Results: Total twenty five children were admitted due to albendazole adverse events. Out of these 92% were female. Mean age of admitted children was 14.14 years with standard deviation 3.45. Mean onset of adverse events was 5.6 hours with standard deviation of 1.5 hours. All children were treated symptomatically and were discharged once they recovered. No fatality due to adverse events was observed. Average duration of stay in hospital was 3.4 days. Out of twenty five children 12% children reported four or more adverse events, 40% children reported three adverse events and 48% reported two adverse events. Out AEs, 33% AEs were mild, 19% AEs were moderate, 31% AEs were severe and 17% AEs were serious. Abdominal pain was reported by 76%, headache by 44%, loss of consciousness by 32%, vomiting by 28%, nausea by 16%, convulsions by 12%, rashes by 8%, fever by 8%, and breathlessness by 14% and vertigo by 4%.Conclusions: The adverse events were mild to serious but transient, but all of them recovered after hospitalization. Therefore, it is imperative that mass drug administration programmes put in place surveillance measures in order to ensure timely detection, management and reporting of potential life threatening AEs.
A prospective study to assess the prevalence of hepatitis B infection in health care workers, voluntary blood donors, and patients with liver disorders at a tertiary care centre
Authors: Kaundal Purshottam K. , Kaundal Anju Partap
Published: June 2017

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is highly infectious when compared with human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV), even minute quantity of infected blood as little as 0.0001 ml can transmit infection. A number of the routine therapeutic, diagnostic, prophylactic invasive procedures can spread HBV infection. The study was planned to assess the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen in health care workers, voluntary blood donors, and patients with liver disorders.Methods: The study was a cross sectional study carried out among 90 subjects during a period of one year in Indira Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Shimla. These 90 subjects consisted of 30 patients with liver disorder, 30 health care workers and 30 voluntary blood donors. The blood samples were collected and sent for detection of HBsAg by ELISA.Results: Majority of the subjects 47 (52.2%) belonged to the age group of 21-30 years. Among voluntary blood donors, 90% were males. 64.4% of the subjects belonged to urban areas. 50% of the rural subjects were having liver disorders. Liver disorder was more common (71.5%) among heterosexual high risk behaviour subjects compared to only 25.7% with no high risk behaviour. Seropositivity was found highest among patients with liver disorder (66.7%) followed by health care workers (20%). Overall, the seropositivity was 28.9%.Conclusions: Patients with liver disorders especially chronic hepatitis were mostly seropositive. Among health care workers, being a doctor was a significant risk factor for acquiring hepatitis B infection. Thus, it is advised that all health care workers should be immunized for hepatitis B.