bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Characterization of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Modified Alginate Fiber
Authors: Ci Meiyu , Liu Jie , Liu Li , Shang Shenglong , Zhang Gangqiang , Zhu Ping , Sui Shuying
Published: February 2021

The hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) modified alginate fibers were prepared using wet-spinning method. The structure and properties of the fibers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), X-ray diffraction(XRD), Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and Thermogravimetric analysis(TGA). The results showed that the hydrogen bonding interaction of alginate fibers was enhanced with the addition of HPMC. The comprehensive mechanical properties of HPMC modified alginate fibers reached the optimun when the relative percentage of HPMC was 6%, while the elongation at break and the tensile strength were 32% and 12% higher than those of pure alginate fibers, respectively. The roughness of tensile section and the fracture work increased, proving that the addition of HPMC improved the brittle fracture of alginate fibers. The thermal stability and water absorption of HPMC modified alginate fibers were better than those of pure alginate fibers.
Nanocellulose Extracted from Waste Polyester/Cotton Fabric by Chemical-Mechanical Separation Technology
Authors: Sun Y Y , Xia Z P , Yang A P , Li J X , Wang L , Chen H , Zheng X , Liu Y
Published: February 2021

The millions of tons of textile waste were produced every year. Most of them were made from polyester/cotton blended fabrics. The key technologies for recycling the waste blended fabrics were how to separate the blended components and then use the materials form the waste. Based on this, this research aimed to develop the technology of sustainable recycling of cotton fiber and polyester. The waste polyester/cotton blended fabric was first to cut into small pieces, then treated it with acid, and then used a grinder to crush it to separate the polyester from the cotton fiber. After the separation process, the cotton fiber was powder and the polyester fiber was fibrous mass. The components of the separated cotton samples were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The crystallinity of separated cotton fiber was analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The morphology of the separated cotton fiber and polyester were analyzed by scanning electron microscope. The particle size and potential of the cotton fiber after final treatment were analyzed by using the nanoparticle size and zeta potential analyzer. The results showed that the waste polyester/cotton blended fabric was successfully separated and the separated cotton fiber was successfully prepared into cotton nanocellulose for future use.
Flexural Properties and Low-Cycle Bending Fatigue of Anisotropic Carbon Fiber Mat Reinforced Composites
Authors: Shao Yuanyi , Matsushita Masaya , Lyu Yin , Yang Yuqiu
Published: February 2021

The carbon fiber/polypropylene (CF/PP) nonwoven fabrics were manufactured by carding process, lay-up process and needle punched process. After hot pressing the nonwoven fabrics, the CF/PP composites were mold. CF/PP composites with carbon fiber lengths of 50 mm and 70 mm was prepared respectively. The 3-point bending test and the low-cycle bending fatigue test (LCBF) at constant stress of 55%, 70% and 85% of original flexural strength were performed. The results showed that the ratio of transverse direction (TD)/machine direction (MD) flexural modulus of CF50 and CF70 was 1.55 and 2.35, which indicated the composites exhibited anisotropic property. The longer the fibers were, the easier they were to be oriented. The effect of low cycle bending fatigue (LCBF) with 55% and 70% stress level on flexural properties was not obvious. The LCBF of 85% stress level has an obvious influence, and some samples have broken before reaching 30 times of fatigue. Optical observation shows that with the increase of fatigue stress level, the crack becomes deeper, and the bending modulus and strength decrease obviously.
Stitched composite structure design and preparation
Authors: Lin Chen , Cheng Ling
Published: February 2021

As the application fields of composite materials has been expanded, the general laminated composites would no longer be suitable used in some extreme conditions due to their weak interlaminar performance. Stitched composites appeared thanks to their high interlaminar toughness. In this paper, a new stitching method similar to ‘Tufting’ was used to improve the interlaminar performance of composites based on the existing stitching method. And resin transfer molding (RTM) method was been used to cure the perform. The observations of preforms and composites were satisfactory. Finally, the problems to be solved urgently in stitched composite were summarized.
A new Construction of Garment Personalized Customization Mode combined with Garment Intelligent Production
Authors: Wan S B , Xu J , Zheng Y X , Sun H Y , Qin C X , Zhang Y
Published: February 2021

Because of the changes in consumer demand and the widely application of information technology in garment field, the custom production of clothing has already made some progress. However, there are still shortcomings in customer participation and collaborative design in the design process, and the personalized needs of customers are not very satisfied. To solve this problem, we propose to combine the garment made to measure (MTM) customization system with participatory customization service, and to enhance the personalization of customized products by transforming the sales platform which connected with MTM system into a customer participation platform. Besides, the custom mode constructed in this paper can not only improve the participation of customers in the customization process, but also connect the MTM system to produce one-piece flow efficiently. Finally, based on the actual data provided by the partner, this paper conducts a simulation experiment on the production process. The experimental results show that the connection efficiency between the customized platform and the factory production is optimized under the modified production mode. In addition, the mode also improves the production management level of relevant parties.
Shirt Semantic Classification Based On Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Qiu Bo , Liu Xiang , Shi Yunyu , Xin Binjie
Published: February 2021

With the rapid development of e-commerce, a large number of clothing images have flooded into the Internet replacing the keyword search with a graph search has become a new trend. However, the inaccurate semantic classification of clothing leads to the low accuracy of graph searching and the poor retrieval effect. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a parallel shirt-style classification algorithm which greatly improves the accuracy. This paper mainly completed the following work: Firstly, the shirt sample library was established by means of questionnaire survey and expert voting. Then, the mapping mechanism was used to extract the ROI area and construct the shirt-attention branch network. Last, the backbone is combined with the branch to make up the ShirtNet. The experimental results show that the introduction of parallel network makes the classification accuracy rate up to 91% which is much improved compared with traditional machine learning and convolutional neural networks.
Sustainable Fashion Innovation Design for Marine Litter
Authors: Luo Yun , Deng Kaifa
Published: February 2021

With the progress of world civilization, marine debris has become a worldwide problem. The article analyzes the current situation, hazards and preventive methods of marine litter. Through the design of re-splicing, assembling, reclaiming and recycling marine litter, the environmental pollution problems caused by marine litter can be alleviated. It is expected that people’s awareness of environmental ecology will be awakened by mitigation design attempts.
Land suitability for agricultural development in Jayapura Regency, Papua
Authors: Malik A , Siska W , Sosiawan H , Tafakresnanto C , Adi S H
Published: February 2021

Agricultural development planning requires site-specific land resource data to assess the crop-land suitability. This study aimed to assess land suitability for agricultural development in Jayapura Regency, Papua. This research was conducted to make land resources inventory and evaluation for agricultural development in 1,324,422 ha in 2015. This research used tabular and spatial analyses to evaluate crop-land suitability. Satellite imageries-based land resources data were spatially overlaid to generate land units (polygons) as bases for crop-land suitability assessment. Results showed that there are about 656,826 ha suitable for agricultural development. Land suitability evaluation for food crops showed 271,278 ha suitable for lowland paddy, 402,146 ha for maize, and 329,966 ha for soybean. Furthermore, land evaluation for perennial crops showed 656,826 ha suitable for cacao and 514,410 ha for oil palm. This land evaluation could be considered as a valuable information for agricultural development planning in Papua to support sustainable production.
Cations ratio and its relationship with other soil nutrients of Java intensified lowland rice
Authors: Kasno A , Setyorini D , Widowati L R
Published: February 2021

The soil cation ratio is the result of the interaction of various factors, including soil acidity, organic C content, clay minerals, and cultivation management. This paper aims were to study the cation ratio in lowland rice in Java and its relationship with the other nutrients. Soil chemical data were collected from survey for soil maps, soil nutrient status maps, and previously published data. The results showed that the average of cation saturation ratio in lowland rice in Java was 70.8:24.5:1.5 for Ca:Mg:K. The Ca, Mg, K, and Na nutrient contents vary by provinces, and there is a high content of Ca, especially in those soils derived from the calcareous parent materials. This high Ca of >50.0 cmol(+) kg−1 has noticed in Grobogan, Bojonegoro, and Gunung Kidul regencies. The domination of Ca cations in the soil can be seen when the Ca saturation >70%, spreading in 36 districts. Ca saturation is positively correlated with pH, P-Bray, and CEC, and negatively correlated with organic C, N-total, Mg, K, and Na saturation. Based on the regression there is a significant negative relationship between Ca and Mg saturations with R2 = 0.92 and a weak negative relationship between K and Na saturations.
Characteristic of agroforestry farmer as a source of cultural information: a case study in two villages in Java, Indonesia
Authors: Palmolina M , Sudomo A , Diniyati D
Published: February 2021

The private forest farming system in each region is established by how farmers viewed natural resources in their environment and ultimately formed a unique farming culture system. The purpose of this study is to determine the characteristics and cultural systems of farming that are applied by private forest farmers. The research was conducted in two different areas, i.e., Linggajaya Village (West Java) and Triwidadi Village (Yogyakarta). Participatory Rural Appraisal techniques collected the data. These studies showed that the cultural systems of private forest farmers in both of villages were different due to their different views on natural conditions and themselves as farmers. Different perspectives on land tenure and ownership patterns caused different ways of cropping patterns and social relationships. Linggajaya village farmers with vast land ownership have a broader social relationship with communities outside the village. They tend to buy and sell land than farmers in Yogyakarta with small land ownership and tend to manage their land intensively. According to the research, it can be recommended that beginning research on private forest culture should become the first thing to do before the community empowerment in the private forest development program.
Adapting water resources potency for sustainable rice crop systems in Kerinci
Authors: Salwati  , Izhar L
Published: February 2021

Water accessibility and its optimal usage is important for rice land management and climate change resilience. Optimal and adequate water conditions will support utmost rice growth and development. The research aimed to identify water resources accessibility for developing sustainable rice catchment area in Kerinci region. Research was done in 2016 mostly through field surveys. Secondary and primary data were used for supporting further analysis. Each potential water resources such as river, swamps, pump, deep/shallow water in soil surface and others were evaluated. Water buildings facility were also being used as complementary supporting these agricultural service areas. The result showed that water services can be carried out optimally for rice area about 14,375 ha. Strategically, rice production canters specially are located in Danau Kerinci, Keliling Danau and East Air Hangat Sub-district. This research recommendation is useful for policy making and expansion of rice areas in particular. Rice existing land area can still be increased up to 52% based on area coverage.
Sustaining porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) production for improving farmers’ income
Authors: Dermoredjo S K , Azis M , Saputra Y H , Susilowati G , Sayaka B
Published: February 2021

One of the main programs of Ministry of Agriculture is GRATIEKS (Three-Fold Export Movement). It aims to boost agricultural export resulting in production enhancement as well as farmers’ income improvement. Porang is among the promising commodities to enhance export. This paper aims to analyze role of porang farm business as an export commodity through sustainable agriculture, i.e. (i) to analyze land management for porang farm business, (ii) to study the cost and income of porang farm business, and (iii) to evaluate porang export development measures. This research was conducted in Madiun Regency, East Java, using a survey method. Porang farm business is conducted on production forest and protection forest areas. It should be implemented carefully in accordance with sustainable land management. Porang farm business is relatively cost-effective as it applies minimal tillage, low production inputs, and profitable farm-gate price. Porang flour export demand is still promising. Porang production enhancement is possible through sustainable land management.
Improvement of robusta coffee performance with conservation and fertilizer treatment in Air Naningan District, Tanggamus Regency, Lampung
Authors: Wardani N , Meidaliyantisyah  , Hendra J , Rivaie A A
Published: February 2021

Lampung Province is one of the coffee-producing centers in Indonesia, especially robusta coffee. One of the coffee producing centers is in Air Naningan District, Tanggamus Regency. So far, most farmers manage conventional coffee plantations without any conservation nor fertilization. The study aimed to compare the performance of coffee growth between conservation and fertilization treatments with conventional treatments. Conservation treatment was carried out by making trenches around the coffee plantations. At the same time, fertilizer was given in the form of organic fertilizer as much as 10 kg plant−1 y−1, and inorganic fertilizer in the form of Rock Phosphate 240, Urea 400, and KCl 320 g plant−1 y−1. The study showed that the conservation and fertilization could improve the performance of coffee plants, based on the agronomic performances, such as a better growth (canopy and leafy branches, shiny green leaves, and low leaf rust disease (<5%) and stems and branches attacked (<5%). The yield of coffee was also increased by around 333%. The study indicates that the combination of land conservation and fertilization could be adopted as a standard procedure for increasing coffee production in Lampung Province.
Soil destruction level at vegetables cultivation land in upstream Cikapundung Sub Watershed, Indonesia and the alternative sustainable management
Authors: Sutrisna N , Rahadian D , Surdianto Y , Wiratno  , Argo Y , Susanto B
Published: February 2021

The area for cultivating vegetables in the upstream of Cikapundung Sub-Watershed is categorized steeps dryland, which very susceptible on soil erosion. The research objectives were (1) to evaluate the amount of erosion in existing land use, (2) to determine the level of soil damage by erosion and its effect on land productivity, and (3) to formulate alternative management at vegetables cultivation land upstream of the Cikapundung Sub-Watershed to be sustainable. The research was conducted using a survey method in Lembang Subdistrict, West Bandung District, West Java Province, Indonesia. Primary data collection was carried out through interviews, observation, and soil sampling. Data analysis was based on descriptive and literature study. The results of the prediction showed that the largest soil erosion occurred in Mekarwangi Village on intensive cultivated vegetable fields with a slope of > 40%. The amount of erosion that occurred was 141.3 t ha−1 year−1, exceeding limit Tolerable Soil Loss (TSL). The level of soil destruction is quite heavy. There was a decrease in C-organic and soil nutrient content that caused the productivity of cultivated vegetables land had decreased by 26.6%. Management of vegetable cultivation land using soil conservation techniques should be applied appropriately, effectively, and efficiently according to the local agroecosystem conditions.
Response of shallots growth and yield to phosphate fertilizer and Trichoderma application on peat soil
Authors: Suparman  , Nugroho W A
Published: February 2021

Cultivating shallots on peat soils is quite challenging since it is considered less fertile regarding its high organic acid content and low nutrient availability.Trichoderma, as one of the plant-growth-promoting fungi (PGPF), is beneficial to promote shallots growth. However, there is still lack of information concerning its effectiveness and interaction effect with inorganic P fertilizer in peat soils. This study aimed to investigate the effect ofTrichodermaapplication and P fertilization on the growth and yield of shallots on peat soils. A pot experiment arranged in a completely randomized design was conducted with two treatment factors. The first factor was P fertilizer comprised four application rates: 0, 100, 200, and 300 kg ha−1. Meanwhile, as the second factor,Trichodermatreatment consisted of four application rates: 0, 2, 4, and 6 g plant−1. The results showed an interaction effect of P treatment andTrichodermaon shallots growth and yield. A treatment combination of 2 g plant−1Trichodermawithout P fertilizer addition increased yield by 34% compared to control. This yield was relatively similar to 100 kg ha−1P fertilizer withoutTrichodermaaddition. It is proved that theTrichodermaapplication could reduce inorganic P fertilizer input.
Nutrition management on irrigated rice fields to increase maize productivity
Authors: Suastika I W , Kasno A
Published: February 2021

Balanced fertilization is the main key to increase maize productivity. This paper aims to evaluate the recommendations of fertilizing N, P and K on the growth and production of maize on irrigated paddy fields. The study was conducted in three provinces of Lampung, Banten and Central Java. The experiment was carried out using a randomized block design with incomplete factorial. The number of treatments was 12 and each had 3 replications. Fertilization treatments were 4 levels of each N, P and K included Urea (0, 150, 300, 450 kg ha−1), SP-36 (0, 100, 200, 300 kg ha−1) and KCl (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha−1). The results showed that the yield of dry shelled maize for the three locations was obtained from a combination of fertilizer treatment with Urea fertilizer doses of 450 kg ha−1, SP-36 200 kg ha−1, and KCl 100 kg ha−1, with the respective results for the Lampung 7.77 t ha−1, Banten 7.58 t ha−1, and Central Java 7.67 t ha−1. Fertilization of N and K affected the increased stover weight and dry weight of maize kernels in Lampung, Banten, and Central Java. Meanwhile, P fertilization could not increase the stover weight and yield of maize.
Distribution of endosulfan insecticide residues on intensive shallot agriculture farming in Brebes Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Indratin  , Poniman  , Sukarjo  , Helmi M
Published: February 2021

Endosulfan is an insecticide from the organochlorine group which was last banned in Indonesia in 2013. Endosulfan is very effective in controlling for organisms pest management and is widely used, including for controlling pest of shallot plants. The objective of the research to determine the distribution of endosulfan residues that has been carried out in three villages representing intensive shallot planting areas in Brebes Regency. The three villages were Wanasari, Siasem, and Pebatan in Wanasari sub-District. Soil sampling was carried out in June-July 2019. The prediction area of the residual endosulfan distribution in the research was 1,853 ha. The analysis of endosulfan residues was carried out in the integrated laboratory of the Indonesian Agricultural Environment Research Institute, using the QuECheRS method. From 14 soil sampling points, eleven of them were detected containing endosulfan residues exceeding Maximum Residues Limit (MRLs) of 0.0085 mg kg−1. The distribution of endosulfan residues was mapping using the spline interpolation method and divided into five categories very low, low, medium, high, very high. Interpolation showed 68.47% of the land experienced very high endosulfan residual pollution (>0.0117 mg kg−1). These results showed that pollute agricultural land need to get priority on land remediation for sustainable agriculture.
Productivity of five herbaceous legumes species in the post tin mining area as forage sources in Bangka Island
Authors: Sajimin  , Erfandy D , Fanindi A , Harmini H , Purwantari N D
Published: February 2021

The objective of this study was to determine the adaptability of some herbaceous legumes grown on the soil as source of forage in post tin mining areas. The forage legumes tested were Arachis pintoi, Clitoria ternatea, Stylosanthes guiyanensis, Centrosema pascuorum cv Bundey and Lab-lab purpureus. The experiment was designed for a randomized block of five treatments and three replications. The plants were grown in plots of 5 m x 4 m with planting distance 0.5 m x 0.5 m. Plants have been pruned every 2 months at forage production. Parameter measures the production, quality and capacity of forage. Analysis of forage nutrition and digestibility in the laboratory of dry matter and organic matter. The growth rate for transplantation of three legumes A. pintoi, C. ternatea and S. guiyanensis, was 100%. The highest total forage for one year was S. guiyanensis 514.29 kg plot−1 with a carrying capacity of 12.33 AU (animal unit) and 74.02% dry matter digestibility and 73.96% organic matter. This study indicated that three (3) species C. ternatea, S. guiyanensis and A. pintoi showed an average high-life ability of up to 100%. In general, the type of legume selected in this study showed good adaptability.
Productivity and morphology of Benggala grass Riversdale cultivar (Panicum maximum cv Riversdale) on acid soils
Authors: Fanindi A , Sajimin  , Sutedi E , Herdiawan I , Harmini
Published: February 2021

Benggala grass is one of the forages everyday use by farmer livestock, it’s usually cultivated at suboptimal land. Acid dry land has the potential for forage development. The study aimed to determine the tolerance of Benggala grass (Panicum maximum cv Riversdale) in acid soils. The study was conducted in the greenhouse of the Research Institute of Animal Production, using a completely randomized design, ten replication for ten months. The study used acid (pH 4.5 and Al+3 0.27 cmol kg−1 ) and non-acid soils (pH 7.1). The seeds were planted in pots (40 cm in diameter and 30 cm height). The observed variables were morphological characters, productivity and reproduction. The results showed that the stem and internode diameters, internode lengths and plant height in non-acid soil were higher (P <0.05) than in the acid soil. The fresh and dry shoot weights, number of tillers, fresh and dry shoot weights, and seed weight in acid soils were lower (P <0.05). The times of booting, flowering started and length in the acidic soil was longer (P <0.05). The study concluded that the Riversdale cultivar did not exhibit tolerance on acid soil; therefore, further research is required to improve its tolerance to acid soils.
Land resources management of shallots farming: a case study in the highlands of Solok Regency, West Sumatera
Authors: Kiloes A M , Puspitasari  , Mulyono D , Syah M J A
Published: February 2021

Solok Regency in West Sumatera Province is one of the new development centers for shallot production in Indonesia. This region has a specific cultivation characteristic that is different from other shallot production centers, where the cultivation is done in the highlands throughout the year. It is estimated that there will be differences in yields and production techniques between the rainy and wet seasons. The purpose of this study was to investigate farming practices of shallot cultivation in the highland of Solok Regency during the dry and wet seasons. Survey on 95 shallot farmers in Solok Regency showed that the use of labour inputs, solid pesticides, leaf fertilizers, and adhesives was significantly different between the rainy season and the dry season. At the same time, the land area inputs, mulch use, organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer, dolomite, and liquid pesticides were not significantly different. The productivity of each land unit in the rainy season is lower than that of the dry season. The results of this study are expected to be a reference for planning the application of integrated pest and disease management technology according to the appropriate season on the shallot commodity in the highlands of Solok Regency.
Trend analysis of agricultural water supply and demand for water conservation and climate change anticipation
Authors: Nurkhaida R , Rejekiningrum P
Published: February 2021

Various kinds of water use are likely to exceed available water supplies and sometimes neglects water conservation which further burdens availability and supply of water. Great use of water for agriculture could be reduced by developing water-saving irrigation technology and introducing water-saving commodities. This research is aimed to identify water supply, agricultural water demand, and calculate water supply-demand balance in various planting scenarios using Verhulst Logistic Logarithm. The results of the analysis indicated that the potential of water supply in 2020 will be 21,752.48 MCM and the projection in 2050 will be 25,381.01 MCM. The total agricultural water demand will be 21,615.32 MCM (in 2020) and 20,970.03 MCM (estimation in 2050). The total water demand for one cropping will be 7,952.83 MCM and 7,772.10 MCM (projection in 2050), for two croppings 15,392.47 MCM and 14,976.32 MCM (projection in 2050), and for three croppings 21,752.48 MCM and 22,515.52 MCM (projection in 2050). The analysis of water supply-demand balance in each district area for one and two croppings in 2020 and 2050 show a surplus, whereas for three croppings, some regions showed a deficit. If the trend of water supply is known, the phenomenon of climate change can be identified and anticipated.
Water filled-pore space and soil temperature related to N2O fluxes from shallot cultivated in rainy and dry season
Authors: Ariani M , Setyanto P , Wihardjaka A
Published: February 2021

Agricultural soils managed with a large amount of fertilizer generate nitrous oxide (N2O). This study aims to observe the N2O flux rates from four organic matter treatments and examining soil water-filled pore space (WFPS) and soil temperature in rainy and dry seasons. The experimental sites took place on a silt loam soil with four organic matter treatments, i.e., 1). No organic matter (OM), 2). Chicken manure, 3). Cattle manure, and 4). Bio-compost. N2O fluxes were measured bi-weekly during the rainy season and weekly during the dry season. Soil WFPS and soil temperature were both determine at the same time. N2O fluxes from Shallot were significantly different between rainy and dry season (p<0.01), but not between treatments. It is ranged between 3.58 to 20.19 mg N2O m−2 d−1 on the rainy season and between 0.57 to 2.79 mg N2O m−2 d−1 on dry season. The linear regression showed that both soil WFPS and soil temperature only significantly relate to N2O fluxes in the rainy season. Soil WFPS >45% lead to high N2O fluxes and higher soil temperature. This finding showed that water is one of the vital inputs to maintain in order to mitigate N2O emission from agricultural soils, whether in upland or lowland.
Sheep’s gastrointestinal helminth infection at several districts in North Sumatra
Authors: Febretrisiana A , Destomo A , Anwar  , Tiesnamurti B
Published: February 2021

High adaptability to the environment is an important reason for the farmer to raise sheep, one of which is the adaptation of sheep to parasite attack infections. Infection of nematode parasite is commonly found in the digestive tracts of sheep. The purpose of this activity is to investigate the gastrointestinal helminth infection in sheep in five districts in North Sumatra. This research was conducted in December 2019 to February 2020 by collecting sheep feces in the districts of Batu Bara, Labuhan Batu Utara, Asahan, Serdang Bedagai and Deli Serdang, North Sumatra. The number of eggs in stool were examined (eggs g−1) as a method of Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT). The results showed that there was no difference in number eggs g−1 of stool in sheep that were kept with intensive and semi-intensive systems. The effect of sex, body weight and age of the sheep also showed no difference in the number of eggs g−1 of their faeces. However, the results showed that the number of sheep’s worm eggs g−1 of stool from Labuhan Batu Utara district was higher (P <0.05) when compared to other areas, which was 73.33 eggs g−1 of feces. Whereas the sheep in Deli Serdang showed the lowest number of worm eggs (P <0.05) which was 23.33 eggs g−1 of feces. In all study locations, Haemonchus contortus eggs were found in sheep feces indicates gastrointestinal heminth parasite infected sheep in those areas.
Mitigating N2O emission from chili plantation (Capsicum annuum) on the integrated pest management field school – case study in Rembang and Sukabumi Regencies, Indonesia
Authors: Hervani A , Pramono A , Mardiasih W P , Setyanto P
Published: February 2021

Agricultural activities such as an inorganic nitrogen fertilization and biomass burning contribute to increase the N2O emissions from the agricultural sector. Integrated Pest Management Field School (IPM) in chili plantations using organic based fertiliser and the application of silver-black plastic mulch promote to reduce the N2O emissions from agricultural sector. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reduction of N2O emissions using organic based fertilizer and silver-black plastic mulch treatment on IPM school plots in Rembang and Sukabumi Regencies. The results showed that there was no significant different on N2O emission from the organic based fertilizer and plastic mulch application to the control. However, treatment of organic based fertiliser and silver-black plastic mulch in IPM plots contribute to reduce the N2O emissions of 14% in Sukabumi and 27% in Rembang compared to conventional farmers’ technology without organic based fertiliser and plastic mulch treatments. Thus, the IPM on the chilli plantation contribute to N2O mitigation.
Potential bacteria capable of remediating mercury contaminated soils
Authors: Ginting R C B , Solihat N , Hafsari A R , Irawan
Published: February 2021

Mercury content in ex-artisanal and small-scale gold mining areas in Cianjur District, Province of West Java, Indonesia was 7 to 36 mg L−1. It has exceeded the threshold value for industrial land. Bioremediation of mercury using mercury-resistant bacteria is attractive to remove mercury from the environment because it is more effective and less expensive. The objective of this study was to obtain potential bacteria capable of accumulating mercury to be used to remediate mercury contaminated soils in ex-gold mining areas. Potential bacteria isolates were characterized for their phenotypic and biochemical properties using the Biolog system. Thirty-two mercury-resistant bacteria were successfully isolated from the rhizosphere of Pityrogramma tartarea growing predominantly around tailings of ex-artisanal gold mining. After screening the presence of mercury, the three best isolates showing high resistances are Pseudomonas putida R2.13 and P. maculicola R4.27 that are capable to tolerate 180 mg L−1 mercury, and Enterobacter aerogenes R3.24 that is capable to survive at 170 mg L−1. Furthermore, the three bacteria also can fix atmospheric nitrogen and solubilize phosphate, but they cannot solubilize potassium. These indicate that P. maculicola R4.27, P. putida R2.13, and E. aerogenes R3.24 are potential as bioaccumulation agents on mercury-contaminated soils.
Application of biofertilizers to increase upland rice growth, soil nitrogen and fertilizer use efficiency
Authors: Fitriatin B N , Febriani S , Yuniarti A
Published: February 2021

High application of inorganic fertilizer has a negative impact on soil health. To reduce the use of inorganic fertilizers, one alternative is using biofertilizers. Biofertilizers are active inoculants made from living organisms that have the ability to mobilize, facilitate and increase the availability of nutrients through biological process. The experiment was conducted to study the effect of biofertilizers and inorganic fertilizers application on growth of upland rice, N-uptake and soil nitrogen. Biofertilizers were mixture of N-fixing bacteria (Azotobacter chroococum, Azospirillum sp.) and phosphate solubilizing microbes (Pseudomonas mallei, P. cepaceae, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium sp.). The field experiment used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with ten treatments and three replications. The treatments were control, biofertilizers doses (50 kg ha−1 and 75 kg ha−1), inorganic fertilizers (50%, 75% and 100% of recommended doses) and combination of biofertilizers and inorganic fertilizers. The result revealed that 50 kg ha−1 biofertilizers + 50% inorganic fertilizer increased growth of upland rice (the number of tillers). In addition, the application of biofertilizers increased fertilizer use efficiency.
Application of organic and biofertilizers to increase soil biota diversity and vegetable production
Authors: Hartatik W , Setyorini D
Published: February 2021

The diversity of soil biota and vegetable production could be increased using organic fertilizer and biofertilizer. The objective was to determine the effect of organic fertilizer and biofertilizer on soil biota and vegetable production. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with 6 treatments, 4 replications. The treatments were T1: farmer practice (goat manure + chicken manure (CM) + banana stem dose of 20 t ha−1), T2: ( CM+ plant residue (PT)) dose 10 t ha−1 + arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, T3: (CM+PT) dose of 10 t ha−1 + bio-fertilizer (BF), T4: (CM+PT) dose 10 t ha−1 + Tithonia diversifolia 1 t ha−1, T5: vermicompost 12.5 t ha−1 and T6: vermicompost 10 t ha−1 + BF. The results showed that application of chicken manure + plant residue of 10 t ha−1 and biofertilizer yielded 13.3 t ha−1 of Chinese lettuce and chicken manure + plant residue of 10 t ha−1 + Tithonia yielded 3.8 t ha−1 of broccoli and the diversity of soil biota was significantly high. Vermicompost gave the lowest yield of Chinese lettuce and broccoli due to root disease causing by parasite nematode. Organic fertilizer and biofertilizer increase prospectively soil biota diversity and vegetable production.
The distribution and characteristics of peat lands in Central and South Bangka Regencies, Bangka Belitung Islands Province
Authors: Heryanto R B , Gani R A , Sukarman
Published: February 2021

The use of peatland for agriculture is limited due to climate change and environmental damage issues. The Peatland mapping on Bangka Island was carried out by the Indonesian Center for Agricultural Land Resources Research and Development (ICALRD) in 2019 covering an area of 23,388 ha. The purpose of this research was to map and study the characteristics of peat soils. The method used is The Guidelines for Soil Survey and Mapping, 1:50,000 Scale and Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 8473: 2018. The results showed the largest peat distribution occurred in Central Bangka Regency (13,673 ha) and smaller area in South Bangka Regency (5,030 ha). Peatlands in Central Bangka and South Bangka Regency consist of tidal topogenous peat soils and freshwater topogenous peat soils. The decomposition rate of peat consists of Organosol Saprik and Organosol Hemik, reaction of sapric and hemic peat is acidic to very acidic, cation exchange capacity is high to very high, and base saturation is very low. The average carbon stocks in peat lands in South Bangka and Central Bangka Regencies are 582.79 t ha−1 and 428.60 t ha−1, respectively. The results can be utilized by all users, especially in the framework of sustainable agricultural development.
Technology alternative for managing paddy fields exposed to natural stone industry wastewater in Cirebon Regency
Authors: Susanto B , Wiratno  , Sugandi D , Surdiyanto Y , Sutrisna N , Argo Y
Published: February 2021

Sediment materials and chemical compounds contained in the wastewater of the natural stone industry have adversely affected the paddy fields in the surrounding natural stone industry in several sub-districts in Cirebon Regency. This study aims to determine the impact of natural stone industry waste on paddy fields, water, and rice plants and to provide alternative technology to reduce the impacts. The method used was field survey, laboratory analysis, and FGD. The sediment material in the natural stone industry wastewater adversely affected the physical characteristics of the soil such as structural texture, and soil permeability that could inhibit the growth and development of rice plant roots. The chemical properties of the soil is still high in productivity and the level of heavy metal contamination is still below the threshold value according to GR 82/2001. However, it is necessary to immediately take control to avoid endangering the environment either to soil, water, plants, animals, or humans. Technology alternatives that recommended to reduce the impact of natural stone industry wastewater are as follows 1). Mechanical soil treatment technology; 2). Ecological engineering through the Integrated Plant and Resource Management approach; 3). Phytoremediation and Bioremediation technologies.
Amelioration of actual acid sulfate soils to improve soil chemical properties and rice yields
Authors: Maftu’ah E , Lestari Y , Pangaribuan E B , Mayasari V
Published: February 2021

This study aim was to determine the effectiveness of various types of ameliorant in improving soil chemical properties and rice yields in actual acid sulfate soils. The study was conducted in Tamban Baru Tengah village, Tamban Catur Subdistrict, Kapuas, Central Kalimantan, from April-September 2019. The research design used a Randomized Block Design with treatment (A1) 5 t ha−1 of lime given once at the beginning, (A2) 3 t ha−1 lime + 2 t ha−1 lime given at the rice age of 1 month, (A3) 3 t ha−1 lime + 2 t ha−1 ‘Porre’ organic fertilizer, (A4) 3 t ha−1 lime + 2 t ha−1 rice husk ask. Each treatment was replicated 4 times. Periodic soil observations included pH H2O, EC, SO4
2-, Fe2+ and Al3+, plant height, tillers number, and rice yields were observed. The results showed that the ameliorant treatment was able to reduce concentration of Fe2+ at planting from 6400 ppm to 1000-1500 ppm, SO4
2- from 8000 ppm to 2100 to 4300 ppm, Al3+ from 16.31 cmol(+) kg−1 to 5.2-6.7 cmol(+) kg−1. Lime combined with “Porre” organic fertilizer (A3) gave the highest rice yield (>17% higher than A1). The use of “Porre” organic fertilizer was able to reduce the use of lime in tidal swampland.
The use of mulch and amelioration in peatlands to increase production of red chili plants
Authors: Susilawati A , Fahmi A , Maftu’ah E , Sosiawan H
Published: February 2021

Red chili is a strategic commodity, production consistency in quality and quantity is needed. Peatland with all its limitations has the potential to be used as an area for chili crop development, but appropriate land management technology is needed. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using mulch and amelioration and fertilization for chili plants in peatlands during the rainy season. The research was conducted at Landasan Ulin, Banjarbaru. The treatments were: The use of mulch (without mulch and silver black plastic mulch) and a combination of inorganic and amelioration fertilizer doses (P1 = 50% model of inorganic fertilizer + 15 t ha−1 manure), P2 = 50% model of inorganic fertilizer + 30 t manure ha−1), P3 = Model 100% Inorganic Fertilizer + Manure 15 t ha−1), P4 = Model 100% Inorganic Fertilizer + Manure 30 t ha−1, P5 = Farmer Model. The results showed that the use of black silver mulch combined with 325 kg ha−1 urea, 225 kg ha−1 SP 36 and 200 kg KCl kg ha−1 KCl and 30 t ha−1a manure showed fruit yields of chili plants reached 15 t ha−1.
Biodegradation of antibiotic residues in chicken manure by composting processes
Authors: Salma S , Junita R E , Handayanto E , Husnain  , Irawan  , Nurida N L , Husen E
Published: February 2021

Chicken manure is rich in macro and micro nutrient compared to livestock manures. Unfortunately, it may also contain higher antibiotic residues that has to be minimized before applying as a manure. The objective of this research was to eliminate antibiotic residues in chicken manure using three kinds of decomposer. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse conditions. A completely randomized design with 5 replications was applied. The treatments consisted of chicken manure (CM) with 40% water content, composting CM with local microorganisms (MOL), composting CM with Consortium of Cellulolytic Fungi (CCF), and composting CM with commercial decomposer. Parameters measured were the content of Tetracycline, C, C/N, and CO2 evolution. The results showed that applying microbial decomposer eliminated 100% Tetracycline residues after 4 weeks composting. The C content and C/N decreased 34.8 to 41.8% and 15.46 to 20.30% after 6 weeks composting, respectively. The highest CO2 evolution resulted from the application of CCF and commercial decomposers. Composting chicken manure by CCF or commercial decomposer prior to be used as organic fertilizer are promising to eliminate antibiotic residues.
Utilization of cacao shell biochar and compost to improve cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) in acid upland
Authors: Ariani R , Nurida N L , Dariah A
Published: February 2021

Acid upland is considered a potential area for horticulture crop such as cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the use of cacao shell biochar and compost to soil properties and the productivity of cayenne pepper in acid upland. This research was conducted in Taman Bogo research station, Lampung Province, Indonesia in 2017. This research used a randomized block design with seven treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of P0: control (no soil ameliorant and mulch), P1: biochar 20 t ha−1, P2: P1+ mulch, P3: compost 20 t ha−1, P4: P3+mulch, P5: biochar+compost (1:1) 20 t ha−1, and P6: P5+mulch. The raw material of biochar was cacao shell, while compost was manure. The result showed that soil bulk density of biochar, compost, and a combination of biochar and compost treatment lower than control. Biochar with and without compost have soil water content higher than other treatments. Moreover, biochar with and without compost were increase pH, reduce exchangeable Al level, increase C and N content also increase cation exchange capacity (CEC) and base saturation. The use of biochar and compost had positive effects on plant height, the diameter of canopies, and crop yields.
The potency of biochar to improve water quality in tidal swampland
Authors: Hairani A , Susilawati A , Alwi M , Noor M
Published: February 2021

This paper attempt to highlight the potential of biochar regarding water quality improvement in tidal swampland. Water quality of tidal swampland is influenced by tides, seasons and human intervention. At the beginning of the rainy season, the water quality of tidal swampland is poor (pH 2-3). In the dry season, it is quite good (pH >5), except in areas with poor drainage. Biochar can effectively reduce contaminants including heavy metals, organic contaminants such as pesticides, medicines and daily chemical products. Biochar is created by heating biomass to high temperatures under limit oxygen conditions in a process known as pyrolysis. Similar to the shape and colour of charcoal from natural combustion, biochar differs in its manufacturing process and function. Biochar can be made from a variety of feedstock such as crop residues, plant and animal waste. Previous researches reported the positive effect of biochar as a soil amendment and adsorbent.
Effect of inorganic fertilizer and farmyard manure to available P, growth and rice yield in rainfed lowland Central Java
Authors: Apriyani S , Wahyuni S , Harsanti E S , Zu’amah H , Kartikawati R , Sutriadi M T
Published: February 2021

Application Farmyard manure in rainfed lowland can be a good alternative for sustainable agriculture. The objective of the study was to know the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer on available P content, growth and rice yield. This study used a Randomized Block Design with six treatment and three replications. The treatments were the control, NPK, cow manure 10 t ha−1, cow manure 10 t ha−1+ NPK, cow manure 20 t ha−1, cow manure 20 t ha−1+ NPK. This study was conducted at Jakenan, Pati and has been carried out since 2015. Data on growth and yield were analyzed statistically using ANOVA. Available P data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the use of cow manure alone of 20 t ha−1+ NPK for 4 years was able to increase the available P content from 6.62 ppm to 290.27 ppm. Application cow manure alone or combine with inorganic fertilizer (NPK) gave a significant effect on vegetative growth parameters than the control treatment. Long-term application (4 years) 10 t ha−1 cow manure can increase Inpari 43 yield 135% and significantly different to control. The application of cow manure in the long-term can be considered for sustainable crop production in the rainfed lowland.
The assay of carrier material and bacteria isolate formula as a biofertilizer on soybean in Inceptisols from West Java
Authors: Aksani D , Surono  , Ginting R C B , Purwani J
Published: February 2021

Biofertilizer carrier material is one of the important factors in maintaining the viability and effectiveness of microbes when it is applied to soil and plant. This research aimed to assessed several carrier materials and isolate formulas for the growth and productivity of soybean. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse and arranged in a randomized completely block design with 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor was the combination of the carrier material (peat, dolomite, zeolite, kaolin, biochar and rock phosphate) B1, B2, B3 until B12, while the second factor was the isolate formula, i.e.: I0 (Control), I1 (Rhizobium sp.+ Azotobacter sp.) and I2 (Rhizobium sp. + Azotobacter sp. + Bacillus sp.). The carrier material and microbial formula did not interact significantly with plant height, root dry weight and weight of filled pods. However, it gives significant interaction to the number of root nodules, plant dry weight, number of filled pods, soybean grain yield. The biofertilizer formulas of B3I1, B4I1 and B11I2 were consistent in increasing the number of filled pods and the grain weight of soybean compared to other formulas.