bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT AND OPTIMIZATION OF POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLES OF GLYCYRRHIZIN: PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY
Authors: JYOTHI DIVYA , PRIYA SNEH , JAMES JAINEY P.
Published: January 2024

Objective: The aim of the present study to develop, optimize and characterize Poly (D, L-lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with isolated Glycyrrhizin (Glyc) and investigate for antioxidant activity.
Methods: PLGA nanoparticles loaded with Glycyrrhizin were synthesized by an adapted emulsion-evaporation method. Nanoparticles were evaluated for particle size, entrapment efficiency and Polydispersiblity index (PDI). Further, Box Benkhen design was applied for optimization of the formulation parameters and the effect of three independent variables such as PLGA concentration, amount of glycyrrhizin, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) concentration on particle size, polydispersiblity index and the entrapment efficiency (response variables) were investigated. The antioxidant capacity of optimized nanoparticle formulation loaded with glycyrrhizin was compared with free glycyrrhizin by DPPH assay.
Results: The particle size, entrapment efficiency and PDI of optimized Glyc-NPs was found to be 144.20 nm, 68.0% and 0.315 respectively. Optimized Glyc-NPs showed sustained release of drug 79.06% in 48 hours with improved free radical scavenging activity than isolated Glycyrrhizin.
Conclusion: PLGA nanoparticles were found to be suitable carrier for Glycyrrhizin at lower levels than originally required for enhanced functional properties.
THE POTENTIAL EFFECT OF APORPHINE ALKALOIDS FROM NELUMBO NUCIFERA GAERTN. AS ANTI-BREAST CANCER BASED ON NETWORK PHARMACOLOGY AND MOLECULAR DOCKING
Authors: ADRIAN  , LUBIS MUHAMMAD FAUZAN , SYAHPUTRA RONY ABDI , ASTYKA RIRIN , SUMAIYAH SUMAIYAH , YUDHA HARAHAP MUHAMMAD ANDIKA , AINI ZAHRATUL
Published: January 2024

Objective: To demonstrate the efficacy and benefits of aporphine alkaloids from Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. as anti-breast cancer agents.
Methods: In this study, a combination of network pharmacology and molecular docking was used to investigate the pharmacological actions and underlying mechanisms of action of nuciferine, nor-nuciferine, and roemerine against breast cancer.
Results: Fifty-five potential targets of compounds against breast cancer were identified. The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8 (MAPK8), Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2), Inhibitor of Nuclear Factor Kappa B Kinase Subunit Beta (IKBKB), and Protein Kinase C Epsilon (PRKCE) were identified as the top five targets of compounds against breast cancer. Molecular docking demonstrated that these compounds could bind spontaneously to the screened top 4 targeted proteins.
Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that these compounds have pharmacological effects against breast cancer via a multi-target and multi-pathway manner.
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF DEXTROMETHORPHAN-HBr, GUAIFENESIN AND DIPHENHYDRAMINE-HCl IN TABLET DOSAGE FORM BY SUCCESSIVE RATIO DERIVATIVE SPECTRA METHOD
Authors: TARIGAN RIDA EVALINA , ANDRY MUHAMMAD , DEWI RATIH KUMALA , NASUTION MUHAMMAD AMIN , LUBIS MUHAMMAD FAUZAN
Published: January 2024

Objective: This study aims to develop a spectrophotometric method with the successive ratio derivative spectra method using ethanol pro analysis solvent to obtain the results of the levels of Dextromethorphan (DEX) Hydrobromide (HBr), Guaifenesin (GUA) and, Diphenhydramine (DIF) Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) in tablet dosage form.
Methods: This method is straightforward to determine the levels of DEX HBr, GUA, and DIF HCl in the wavelength range of 200-400 nm using absorption, which is calculated experimentally using spectrophotometry UV-Vis.
Results: The maximum wavelengths of DEX HBr, GUA and DIF HCl were obtained at 278 nm, 273 nm, and 252 nm, respectively. The average % accuracy was obtained at 99.50% for DEX HBr, 99.91% for GUA, and 99.98% for DIF HCl in dosage forms.
Conclusion: This method was successfully applied to determine the levels of DEX HBr, GUA and DIF HCl in tablet preparations and met the validation requirements.
IMPROVED CHARACTERISTICS OF GLIBENCLAMIDE AS TRANSETHOSOME VESICULAR SYSTEM: PHYSICOCHEMICAL, SOLUBILITY AND IN VITRO PERMEATION STUDY
Authors: YUSUF NURUL ARFIYANTI , ABDASSAH MARLINE , SOPYAN IYAN , MAULUDIN RACHMAT , JONI I. MADE , CHAERUNISAA ANIS YOHANA
Published: January 2024

Objective: Transethosome as a vesicular system offers high skin permeation; therefore, it is expected to improve the solubility and permeability of the poorly soluble drug glibenclamide. The study aimed to optimize the effect of lipid and surfactant concentration as well as sonication time on the physical characteristics of glibenclamide-loaded transethosomes.
Methods: The transethosomes were prepared by solvent evaporation method. An experimental Box-Behnken design optimized the formula by assessing particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency as response parameters. Further characterizations were conducted by determining the morphology by TEM, chemical interaction by FTIR, thermal behavior by DSC, as well as solubility improvement by using in vitro drug release and permeation study.
Results: The result showed that the optimal formula was that with the lipid composition of 75 mg of soya lecithin, 5 mg of tween 80 as surfactant at a sonication time of 18.79 min. The responses were particle size of 166.8±5.3 nm, polydispersity index of 0.463±0.1, zeta potential of-44.7±2.2 mV, and entrapment efficiency as much as 87.18±3.8%. Glibenclamide-loaded transethosomes exhibited a spherical morphology with no visible aggregation. FTIR study revealed no chemical interactions between Glibenclamide and the excipients. Solubility and in vitro drug release tests showed a significant increase of Glibenclamide from transethosome (p<0.05) compared with that as a bulk powder.
Conclusion: Overall, the optimized glibenclamide-loaded transethosomes designed with Box Behnken resulted in improved physicochemical characteristics and increased solubility and drug release compared with that from ethosomes and bulk powder comparison, which will be promising for Glibenclamide to be formulated as transdermal drug delivery.
DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION OF NANO ENCAPSULATED BIO COMPOUNDS OF ASPARAGUS RACEMOSUS: BOX BEHNKEN APPROACH
Authors: POSINASETTY BHARGAVI , KOMMINENI SRIVIDYA , RAJASEKHAR K. K. , BANDARAPALLE KISHORE , NAZIYA SYED , YAMINI CHANAMBATLA , SEEMANTHINI DARURI
Published: January 2024

Objective: The current study’s objective is to develop and optimize nanoencapsulated bio compounds of Asparagus racemosus (BCAR) utilizing the ionic gelation process to target the kidney for antiurolithiatic activity.
Methods: Nanoencapsulated BCAR was prepared employing the ionic gelation method. Box Behnken Design (BBD) 3-factor, 3-level is used to examine the effects of formulation parameters and to enhance the desired responses. Characterization studies include Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size, zeta potential, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) performed to study the quality of optimized nanoparticles.
Results: Mathematical equations and response surface plots were used to relate the dependent and independent variables. Diagnostic charts were used to show the varied factor-level permutations. The percentages of entrapment efficiency (% EE) and drug release (% DR) used in evaluation studies of optimized bio compounds of BCAR nanoparticles (OBCARNPs) were determined to be 80.67% and 77.4%, respectively. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results showed that chitosan, sodium tripolyphosphate (NaTPP), and BCAR were compatible. Due to chitosan and NaTPP gelation in the case of OBCBANPs, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses have acknowledged the crystallinity. The particle size and zeta potential of the optimized formulation, found to be 48.8 nm and 14.1 mV, respectively, indicate the nanoparticles are in the nanorange and possess extreme stability by preventing particle convergence. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) studies reveal that the optimized formulation nanoparticles are spherical in shape, homogeneous, and have little aggregation. The accelerated stability studies showed that the optimized formulation was stable at different temperatures and relative humidity.
Conclusion: The stable, optimized formulation was prepared, evaluated, and characterized. BBD is employed to optimize the formulation by minimizing the number of experimental runs and enhancing the desired responses. The optimized formulation further needs to investigate the in vivo studies for antiurolithiatic activity by targeting the kidney.
NANOPARTICLE PREPARATION OF SIAM CITRUS PEEL EXTRACT (CITRUS NOBILIS L. VAR. MICROCARPA) USING SHORT-CHAIN CHITOSAN AND TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE AS CROSS LINKER AND CELLULAR UPTAKE STUDY ON MCF-7 CELL LINE BY IN VITRO
Authors: TAURINA WINTARI , ANDRIE MOHAMAD
Published: January 2024

Objective: High consumption of oranges causes a lot of orange peel waste. Orange peel contains the compound naringenin, which has a cytotoxic effect on various cancer cells. This research aims to develop a preparation of Siamese orange peel extract nanoparticles with short-chain chitosan and tripolyphosphate carriers as an oral drug delivery system and determine its cytotoxic activity against the Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) cell line.
Methods: This research uses the micro tetrazolium (MTT) method to see the cytotoxic activity extract of methanol obtained from maceration extraction. The extract was then formulated into nanoparticles using chitosan and tripolyphosphate. Characterization and evaluation of nanoparticles were carried out, including particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and stability in the stomach using 0.1 N HCl and in the intestine using Artificial Intestinal Fluid (AIF) in vitro. This research was also conducted to assess the ability of nanoparticles to enter MCF-7 cells (cellular uptake).
Results: Nanoparticles were successfully developed from Siamese orange peel extract. The results of the day 0 nanoparticle characterization were spherical, with average particle size 284.3 nm, zeta potential 0.713 mV, entrapment efficiency 96.73%, and stability in 0.1 N HCl at the 0th hours, respectively. 1st, 2nd, and 3rd. 99.16%, 98.70%, 98.47%, 98.31%, stability on AIF at hours 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively 99.52%, 99.30%, 99.40%, 98.99%, 99.29%. Characterization of nanoparticles on day 25 showed that the average particle size was 196.2 nm, zeta potential 0.476 mV, entrapment efficiency 96.92%, stability in 0.1 N HCl at 0, 1, 2 and 3 h respectively 99.51%, 98.67%, 98.51%, 98.27%, stability in AIF at 0th, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th hours 99.24 respectively %, 98.76%, 98.46%, 97.93%, 97.58%. Cytotoxic activity of extract Siamese citrus peel against MCF-7 cells with IC50 of 290.58 µg/ml. The result shows that cellular uptake of Siamese citrus peel nanoparticles can penetrate MCF-7 cells.
Conclusion: Stable nanoparticles were successfully developed from Siamese orange peel extract, and their stability was maintained throughout a 30-day storage period. This extract displayed cytotoxic effects and showcased the ability for cellular uptake in MCF-7 cell cultures in vitro.
Xevinapant + chemoradiotherapy in LA SCCHN: extended follow-up of a phase II clinical trial
Authors: Bourhis Jean
Published: January 2024

Prof. Jean Bourhis presents the extended follow-up study of the phase II clinical trial of xevinapant + CRT in unresected LA SCCHN.
Gobiernos progresistas de izquierda e institucionalización de la economía social y solidaria en América Latina
Authors: Rojas Herrera Juan José
Published: January 2024

El objetivo del presente artículo consiste en analizar los distintos procesos de institucionalización de la economía social y solidaria en el marco de experiencias de transición democrática impulsadas por diversos partidos de izquierda en América Latina. Aunque los resultados fueron disimiles en cada país, en términos generales resultan desalentadores debido a la falta de afinidad entre la concepción y objetivos de la élite gobernante y las necesidades reales de fomento y promoción de las empresas de la economía social y solidaria. Los intereses, objetivos y expectativas de los diferentes gobiernos quedaron enclaustradas en sus prioridades de legitimación y reproducción política, en tanto que las aspiraciones de los actores de la economía social y solidaria no encontraron cabida en el estilo instrumental y vertical con el que se aplicaron las políticas públicas en esta materia.
Violencia y participación electoral en Tierra Caliente
Authors: Hernández-Gutiérrez José Carlos , Somuano-Ventura María Fernanda
Published: January 2024

Recientemente, los estudios sobre el efecto de la violencia criminal en la participación política electoral y no electoral en diversos contextos han aumentado de manera sustantiva. Este trabajo pretende contribuir a la discusión de cómo la violencia criminal puede incidir en los niveles de participación electoral, mediante el estudio de los 31 municipios que forman una de las regiones en las que mayor presencia de grupos criminales hay en México: Tierra Caliente. Mediante el uso de un modelo de regresión multinivel, se comprueba que el efecto negativo de la violencia sobre la participación electoral no es estadísticamente significativo. Aunque este hallazgo no coincide con el de la mayoría de las investigaciones previas, sí hay algunos trabajos que han llegado a las mismas conclusiones, lo que invita a explorar nuevas hipótesis de la relación entre violencia y participación electoral. Además, se encuentra que la concurrencia de las elecciones locales con elecciones federales o de gobernador influye de manera significativa en el número de ciudadanos que decide acudir a las urnas el día de la elección local.
El fantasma de Lehman Brothers. Inestabilidad en el Sector Inmobiliario Chino
Authors: Soto Roberto , Valdés Luis Raúl
Published: January 2024

En el presente trabajo se presentan algunas reflexiones sobre las similitudes y distancias entre el momento Lehman Brothers del 2008 y la inestabilidad que se observa en la actualidad en el sector inmobiliario chino. Para ello, se hace un recuento de los factores determinantes de la Gran Crisis del 2008, como fueron la falta de regulación estatal, las fallas estructurales del sistema y la irresponsabilidad de los agentes financieros. Enseguida, se expone el panorama del sector inmobiliario en China y el papel del Estado en el manejo de la inestabilidad en ese país.
Lecciones Aprendidas de la Crisis Financiera de 2008: Un Análisis Reflexivo
Authors: Pichardo Raziel
Published: January 2024

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la crisis financiera de 2008 a partir del otorgamiento del Premio Nobel de Economía en 2022, concedido a los economistas Douglas W. Diamond, Philip H. Dybvig y Ben S. Bernanke. Se resalta la importancia del papel de la banca durante un periodo de recesión. La idea es comprender y abordar dicha crisis, a partir de los hallazgos de los galardonados, quienes demostraron lo crucial que es detener las quiebras bancarias generalizadas. Este análisis subraya que las lecciones extraídas de la crisis de las hipotecas subprime son fundamentales para garantizar la estabilidad económica global así como para orientar las regulaciones en un mundo cada vez más interconectado. Debido a que la crisis subprime y la quiebra de Lehman Brothers marcaron el colapso, que da como resulta una crisis bancaria global, el artículo inicia con un enfoque de dicha crisis, con el fin de exploran los antecedentes y causas que llevan a la creación de la burbuja inmobiliaria. Para contrarrestar el colapso y la quiebra bancaria global se implementaron regulaciones como la Ley Dodd-Frank y Basilea III, junto con un aumento del gasto gubernamental y tasas de interés cercanas a cero. La negligencia regulatoria y los riesgos no considerados por los bancos fueron factores fundamentales. Por último, se examina de forma breve la respuesta de la política monetaria a la recesión provocada por la pandemia durante 2020. A continuación como la Reserva Federal y otros bancos centrales recurrieron nuevamente a tasas de interés cercanas a cero y la relajación cuantitativa para impulsar la economía.
¿Sistema Bancario en las Sombras o Instituciones Financieras no Bancarias? Dos conceptos entre penumbras
Authors: Díaz Teresa
Published: January 2024

Actualmente hay cierto consenso en que el colapso de Lehman Brothers fue provocado por una corrida en el Sistema Bancario en la Sombra en 2008 (Pozsar, et al., 2010; Gorton y Metrick, 2012; Vasudevan, 2018). La relevancia de este asentimiento se mantiene hasta nuestros días, no solamente se mantuvo después de la crisis, sino que ha crecido en virtud de la reivindicación que ha tenido dicho concepto mediante el discurso institucional renombrándolo como Instituciones Financieras No Bancarias, nombre que comúnmente se puede encontrar en la literatura económica, para dejar atrás algún vestigio peyorativo sobre este.

No obstante, el presente trabajo pretende hacer visible que no se trató de un simple cambio en la manera de referirse a éste, sino que tiene implicaciones más profundas. Bajo el discurso institucional internacional, pasó de ser nombrado Sistema Bancario en las Sombras, previo, durante e inmediatamente después del colapso de Lehman Brothers, para ser señalado como el culpable de la crisis, a las Instituciones Financieras No Bancarias. Quince años después, en virtud de se consideró como algo necesario para acceder al crédito, a los inversionistas no bancarios como una manera de obtener financiación barata para los bancos, lo que a su vez se traduce en crédito barato para los hogares. En consecuencia, hay incentivos para permitir que forme parte del ecosistema financiero.
Eficacia de la viloxazina oral de liberación prolongada (SPN-812) como tratamiento para el Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad en niños y adolescentes. Una revisión sistemática y meta-análisis
Authors: López-Cruz Mario Jaasiel , Arronte-Rosales Alicia
Published: January 2024

Introducción. El Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH) es el problema psiquiátrico más frecuente en niños y adolescentes, el cual se expresa como niveles patológicos de inatención e hiperactividad que repercuten en la vida del paciente pediátrico. Actualmente la terapia más habitual incluye terapia con fármacos estimulantes, los cuales causan varios efectos secundarios que pueden afectar el desarrollo del niño. Recientemente la FDA aprobó el uso de viloxazina oral en cápsulas de liberación prolongada, un tratamiento no estimulante para el TDAH, en niños y adolescentes. Objetivo. Presentar una síntesis del conocimiento sobre la eficacia de la viloxazina oral de liberación prolongada en la disminución de los síntomas del TDAH en pacientes pediátricos, evaluada mediante el instrumento TDAH-RS-5. Método. Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda en PubMed, Web Of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, y SciELO, hasta el 8 de noviembre de 2022. Se realizó un meta-análisis de los estudios que cumplieron con los criterios de elegibilidad, así como homogeneidad en cuanto diseño, dosis y tiempo de tratamiento, basado en la diferencia de medias en la puntuación TDAH-RS-5 al final del tratamiento. Resultados. Se identificaron 4 ensayos clínicos aleatorizados de los cuales 4 fueron incluidos en el meta-análisis. El SPN-812 en dosis de 200 mg mostró una disminución en la puntuación TDAH-RS-5 (DM=-5.84, IC95%: -7.93
a -3.75, p<0.00001, n=715) con respecto al placebo. Por su parte, el SPN-812 de 400 mg también mostró una disminución en la puntuación TDAH-RS-5 (DM=-4.4, IC95%=-6.73 a -2.08, p<0.001, n= 596) Conclusión. Los resultados sugieren que la administración de Viloxazina oral de liberación prolongada en pacientes pediátricos puede disminuir los síntomas del TDAH en niños y adolescentes, sin embargo, es necesario realizar más ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, debido al alto riesgo de sesgo de patrocinio, ya que los 4 ensayos clínicos fueron financiados por el laboratorio que fabrica el SPN-812.
Evaluación de las familias y FACES III
Authors: .
Published: January 2024

Carta al editor
Gasoductos en la Reforma Energética de México: 2013-2014. Un modelo de negocios extractivista
Authors: Micheli Thirion Jordy
Published: January 2024

En el periodo 2006-2018 fueron construidos poco más de 6 000 km de gasoductos en México para constituir la cadena gas-electricidad, mediante inversión privada atraída por un modelo de negocios basado en la extracción de recursos públicos. Los sucesivos gobiernos neoliberales promovieron apresuradamente, sin criterios de planeación ni de minimización de riesgos, un amplio mercado para las empresas privadas que brindaron el servicio de transporte de gas natural para generación eléctrica, resultando en una sobrecapacidad cuyas dimensiones presupuestales y costosas fallas han sido evidenciadas por la documentación pública del Estado. Este artículo aporta una interpretación del proceso privatizador de base extractivista en el sector del gas natural mexicano y detalla los mecanismos del modelo de negocios de la conocida Reforma Energética.
Los límites del desarrollo brasileño entre 2003 y 2016
Authors: Fontana Brenda , Gontijo Caio
Published: January 2024

El presente artículo examina la experiencia económica de Brasil, entre los años 2003 y 2016, sus límites en la promoción del desarrollo y el cambio estructural, al tiempo que se analizan las políticas adoptadas y sus consecuencias. El modelo de crecimiento económico basado en la conciliación de intereses contrapuestos y el mantenimiento de la ortodoxia liberal resultó insostenible a medio plazo. El mantenimiento de la sobrevaluación del tipo de cambio y la alta tasa de interés obstaculizaron la industria y el desarrollo nacional. El tímido ensayo desarrollista no pudo contener el proceso de desindustrialización y financiarización. La agenda neoliberal se mantuvo y fue lo que impidió cambios estructurales y profundizó la financiarización.
Derecho sucesorio, su necesaria actualización. Legislación del Distrito Federal
Authors: Cruz Mejía Andrés
Published: January 2024

De un breve análisis dogmático del contenido de la regulación de la materia en el Código civil para el Distrito Federal —que es una legislación de vanguardia en otras materias— se advierte su retraso, al grado de contravenir el paradigma actual de los derechos humanos, en cuestiones tan sensibles como el uso de expresiones degradantes y ofensivas para las personas que sufren algún grado de discapacidad. Ignoran los principios básicos de los derechos humanos y los avances que se han logrado en la materia.
La licencia de uso de marca ¿franquicia o arrendamiento?
Authors: Labariega Villanueva Pedro Alfonso
Published: January 2024

Dentro de la estructura financiera y económica de las empresas es frecuente que las marcas aparezcan como uno de los activos importantes. La razón de ello radica en que éstas, representan no sólo el vehículo mediante el cual la empresa da a conocer en el mercado los productos o servicios que comercializa, sino que al mismo tiempo constituyen un derecho exclusivo sobre el uso de una denominación y/o logotipo concretos en un sector del mercado.Sin duda la marca es, hoy en día, uno de los activos empresariales de más fácil trasmisión, del que es oportuno resaltar su valiosa aportación al momento de transferirla o licenciarla, habida cuenta que, el titular de una marca, cuando la licencia o enajena, transfiere con ella la totalidad o parte de los productos o servicios que ésta designa en el mercado con esa determinada denominación o logotipo, traspasando con ello la explotación o la titularidad de este activo empresarial.De ahí la importancia de la marca como activo de la empresa: su simple transmisión puede implicar el uso exclusivo de determinada denominación y/o logotipo para designar determinados productos o servicios en un sector del mercado.Es muy importante estar concientes de que la marca deviene un signo distintivo de las empresas y que dicha característica al ser considerada por el derecho merece una atención particular. Así que el examen jurídico de una de las figuras contractuales a través de la cual el signo distintivo sale de las manos del titular para que un tercero lo explote en productos o servicios idénticos o similares, es más que pertinente. Por otro lado, es indudable que en el derecho positivo mexicano, la implementación legislativa establecida actualmente para las modalidades típicas del contrato de licencia es, en general, escasa y fragmentaria y no proporciona herramientas que permitan completar su régimen jurídico en todo aquello no programado por la voluntad de los contratantes. El examen de esta figura que ahora se entrega no es un estudio exhaustivo, tan sólo una propuesta más o menos acabada con la finalidad de que se difunda su régimen jurídico.
Peculiaridades de la rescisión, resolución y nulidad del contrato, sus efectos y consecuencias jurídicas: un análisis de derecho comparado
Authors: Sanromán Aranda Roberto
Published: January 2024

Los derechos personales —conocidas también como obligaciones— no son eternos. Afirmación por la cual debe existir un término respecto del cual se extingan dichas obligaciones. Sin lugar a duda, el plazo con el que se pactan las obligaciones tarde o temprano llegará a su fin, de manera natural o normal, por el simple transcurso del tiempo, llegado el término de dicho plazo y cumplidos los acuerdos pactados, las obligaciones alcanzarán su extinción.Así mismo, existen causas extraordinarias por las cuales se puede dar por terminado un contrato, por ejemplo, el incumplimiento de este, en cuyo caso se rescindirá, o resolverá, según sean los hechos correspondientes. Es decir, el contrato se rompe o deja sin efectos de modo intempestivo por el incumplimiento. Existe un incumplimiento de las obligaciones de los contratantes cuando anteceden al término acordado por las partes.Consecuencia de la rescisión de un contrato se deja sin efectos el mismo mediante una declaración judicial, también se puede dar la resolución del contrato de manera automática por así estar pactado en el contrato, en ambos casos se debe indemnizar al afectado o, en su caso, pagar daños y perjuicios por el incumplimiento de la obligación pactada.En suma, existen otras maneras de terminar un acto jurídico, sin embargo, en el presente artículo nos ocupa la terminación del contrato, como puede ser la nulidad por algún vicio o defecto de origen en el contrato, diferenciando la nulidad de la rescisión o la resolución del contrato.
Arbitraje y protección al consumidor: ¿tertium non datur?
Authors: González de Cossío Francisco
Published: January 2024

Las inquietudes suscitadas por acuerdos arbitrales en actos sujetos a la legislación de protección al consumidor y las acciones colectivas han sido enfrentadas por jurisdicciones distintas definiendo cuál prevalece: el derecho arbitral o la protección al consumidor y acciones colectivas. Este ensayo propone que existe una mejor visión: que coexistan. La idea se defiende analizando el estado de la cuestión, y las implicaciones de ambas teorías.
La regulación de los ciberactivos y la insolvencia
Authors: Méjan Luis Manuel C.
Published: January 2024

El objetivo de este artículo es explorar las implicaciones de los activos digitales o ciberactivos en la insolvencia. El texto comienza explicando el concepto de los activos digitales o ciberactivos con base en los Principios de la UNIDROIT en la materia y de la propuesta de Reglamento del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo Relativo a los Mercados de Criptoactivos, para después explicar los diferentes tipos de instrumentos comprendidos por este concepto y así destacar su importancia económica con base en datos estadísticos. Posteriormente, hay un apartado dedicado a determinar la naturaleza jurídica de los activos digitales o criptomonedas para lo cual se desarrolla la clasificación histórica que se ha hecho de los bienes. En los siguientes apartados se problematiza la regulación de los activos digitales o criptoactivos, destacando los temas más relevantes en esta materia y aclarando que la regulación no se reduce a las criptomonedas. Finalmente, este estudio explora el tratamiento de los activos digitales o criptoactivos en los procedimientos de insolvencia, con base en el caso Celsius y las resoluciones del Juez Martin Glenn. El texto concluye haciendo una reflexión en torno a la necesidad de profundizar en la discusión de este tema.
La educación archivística en la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (1956-2022)
Authors: Morán Reyes Ariel Antonio
Published: January 2024

En este artículo se presenta una reflexión histórica sobre la evolución de la Archivística como opción profesional en la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, así como un análisis sobre su desarrollo como una ciencia de la información. A partir de la investigación documental y registros institucionales, se pauta el desarrollo de la propia licenciatura dentro de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras hasta los últimos años, con una nueva cultura archivística nacional resultado de la promulgación de la legislación de carácter federal en la materia. Generar una perspectiva amplia sobre sus trayectorias permite: a) establecer si las condiciones institucionales actuales contribuyen al desarrollo profesional de sus egresados a partir de la identidad y autonomía de su campo, o si sólo acentúan la dependencia disciplinaria; b) constatar la pertinencia de su diseño curricular actual y las posibles sendas de profundización para adecuarlo, en función de sus propios avances teóricos.
La alfabetización digital de los docentes de enseñanza media en Uruguay
Authors: Coitinho Virginia , González Vaillant Gabriela
Published: January 2024

El presente trabajo es parte de un proyecto de investigación que indagó acerca de los niveles de alfabetización digital de los docentes de enseñanza media de liceos públicos en Uruguay en los tiempos de prepandemia y pandemia, desde el enfoque del desarrollo profesional docente. El estudio busca comprender la miríada de factores que operan como freno e impulso del desarrollo de procesos potentes de enseñanza virtual. Se exploran estas interrogantes a partir de los datos de los censos docentes realizados en 2007 y 2018, una encuesta realizada durante el primer año de pandemia en Uruguay, así como a partir de una revisión sistemática de las ordenanzas y comunicaciones de las autoridades educativas del periodo. Los hallazgos refuerzan la importancia de considerar las trayectorias profesionales de los docentes, el contexto de enseñanza y la brecha existente entre el acceso a tecnología, por un lado, y su uso pedagógico por el otro.
Witnessing environment dimension through temporal correlations
Authors: Vieira Lucas B. , Milz Simon , Vitagliano Giuseppe , Budroni Costantino
Published: January 2024

We introduce a framework to compute upper bounds for temporal correlations achievable in open quantum system dynamics, obtained by repeated measurements on the system. As these correlations arise by virtue of the environment acting as a memory resource, such bounds are witnesses for the minimal dimension of an effective environment compatible with the observed statistics. These witnesses are derived from a hierarchy of semidefinite programs with guaranteed asymptotic convergence. We compute non-trivial bounds for various sequences involving a qubit system and a qubit environment, and compare the results to the best known quantum strategies producing the same outcome sequences. Our results provide a numerically tractable method to determine bounds on multi-time probability distributions in open quantum system dynamics and allow for the witnessing of effective environment dimensions through probing of the system alone.
The “Third Generation” Constructivism: Framing and Communication
Authors: Alekseeva Tatyana A. , Verkhovskaya Zhanna A.
Published: January 2024

The research is devoted to the consideration of some new methodological trends in the constructivism of the “third generation” of scientists. Its representatives, while remaining committed to the basic postulates of constructivism, at the same time turned their main attention to issues related to the theory of communication to framing as one of the ways of constructing reality and saturating it with certain meanings. Based on Martin Buber’s theory of dialogue, constructivists draw attention to the dangers of universalism in the study of politics as a prerequisite and even a manifestation of the ideological fixation of certain concepts, positions, and theses. Meanwhile, the formation of a community as “we” presupposes a pluralism of approaches and recognition of different points of view, and at the same time “cleaning” the information space of many frames that allow, through the manipulation of “fakes,” stereotypes and false stories, to form an idea of reality that significantly distorts it and even modifying.
The Concept of the Political as a Space of Conceptual Controversies and Theoretical Debates
Authors: Prigorian Nelly
Published: January 2024

In the field of political theory and philosophy, the concept of political has undergone a complex evolution over the past century. Since its inception in the pioneering work of K. Schmitt in 1927, this term has become a deeply controversial concept, the interpretation of which was carried out by the most significant political theorists and philosophers of the twentieth century. However, Carl Schmitt, Hannah Arendt, Jürgen Habermas, and John Rawls made notable contributions to understanding the term. This article aims to reveal and analyze the three main approaches to the conceptualization of the political and to identify the differences/similarities between the three formulations. Each conceptualization of the political is explored through the prism of three components: the perception of the other; the principle of building political relationships in society; and the nature of the conflict and the forms of its resolution. Based on the comparative method and cognitive analysis, the essence laid down by each author is derived: political as an existential confrontation between friend/enemy of K. Schmitt; political as an activity that realizes human freedom in the interpretation of H. Arendt; and political as the space of rational consensus in J. Habermas and J. Rawls. Nevertheless, common elements or consequences can be traced even in radical different formulations. The critical importance of the dynamic and evolving nature of the concept of the political is recognized, however, the explanatory power of each concept of the political reality of the present is questioned. In conclusion, a new level of conceptualization of the political is proposed, which considers the instability and uncertainty of the modern world.
The Third-Way Trap? Constructivist Perception of Sanctions
Authors: Ananyev Boris I.
Published: January 2024

The study examines whether it is relevant to use constructivist research instruments in order to study the sanctions and the so-called countersanctions that were imposed on Russia and then by Russia after the events in Crimea in 2014 and February 24. I develop the arguments that were presented in the work “Sanctions in IR: Understanding, Defining, Studying” in an attempt to assess the explanatory capabilities of the three leading paradigms in IR. The question posed is: do realism, liberalism and constructivism coherently and consistently explain the nature of the fast-growing scope of sanctions that tend to be implemented without the UN Security Council’s approval? The third way (constructivist one) seems to be efficient since there are difficulties with studying sanctions from the perception of the overwhelming rationality. To be concrete, I test the concept of self-fulfilling prophecy that obtained proponents in psychology and the theory of decision-making as well but hasn’t been actively promoted in IR studies. Nevertheless, it seems to be useful to explain the sustainability of sanction’s regime, which - paradoxically - from the first glance brings no profit but harm to each party involved. Moreover, it corelates with realist scholars’ perception of IR nature (particularly, security dilemma). Finally, four basic and one extra preconditions for self-fulfilling scenarios in the international arena are outlined, applicable not just to the “sanction’s” field, but also to the current principles of cross-state interactions.
The Frame Analysis of Social Movements: The Illustration of A Dynamic Approach to Framing
Authors: Zhigadlo Konstantin V.
Published: January 2024

There is a diversity of approaches to the use of frame analysis in political studies of social movements. In this study, the concept of framing is considered as an analytical tool for considering the processes associated with civic activism of social movements’ representatives and their subjective coverage of these processes within the framework of positioning themselves in social media. The study presents the so-called “dynamic approach” to framing as the most adequate to the subject of research. It is presented in application to the case of the modern Russian political movement “Future. Society” and the campaigns of its activists to protect the Bitsevsky forest from development in 2022-2023. This example describes various opportunities provided to researchers by frame-analytical optics for working with the analysis of social movements. In particular, it can deepen the understanding of the reasons for the emergence of new social movements in modern Russian public space, their gaining popularity and support among the Internet audience and the mobilization of their activists. In addition, the study suggests that researchers consider a number of new questions about the essence of frames and their connection with narratives and storytelling.
Explaining Public-Private Partnership Through the Prism of Political Economy
Authors: Vaslavskiy Yan I.
Published: January 2024

Unresolved issues and lack of models of national public private partnership (PPP) practices implementation predetermine limited use of the potential of various partnership forms between the state and private business, as well as lack of a generally accepted understanding of their role in shaping the future systemic integrity in the economy and society at the national level. We offer an interpretation from the perspective of the political economy of the phenomenon of partnership between the state and private companies in the organization of business, as well as factors that determine the diversity of organizational structures of partnership between the public and private sectors of the economy.
Interpretation of Values in the Conceptual and Strategic Documents of the EAEU Countries: The Factor of Global Turbulence
Authors: Bakhlova O. V. , Bakhlov I. V.
Published: January 2024

In a   situation  of growing international confrontation, it is important to clearly identify tools and mechanisms that can contribute to the consolidation of the positions of states friendly to Russia. In the context of one of the lines of global fragmentation — the division of the world into the West and non-West  — the deepening and expansion of the Eurasian integration agenda is actualized.

Aim. To determine the specifics of the interpretation of values in the conceptual and strategic documents of the EAEU   countries in  the context of their adaptation to the current challenges and threats of national and international security, integration dynamics and changes in the external environment in the conditions of global turbulence.

Task. To characterize the axiological aspect of the existing conceptual and strategic documents of the EAEU countries; to  identify key concepts that reveal the concept of values in them; to show common and distinctive features in the approaches of the EAEU   countries in this area and the possibilities of their convergence at the integration level.

Methods. The study was based on comparative analysis and non-formalized qualitative analysis of documents.

Results. The main semantic blocks in the content of the conceptual and strategic documents of the EAEU   countries are  highlighted, taking into account the designated problem field. The focus of attention was on the interpretation of external challenges and threats, manifestations of global turbulence; articulation of certain values in a  changing extern al environment; linking with the ethno-cultural component and identity issues. A  significant  coupling of approaches to the interpretation of values with the influence of external factors has been established. The specificity of verification of sources and directions of destructive influence is shown.

Conclusions. The approaches of the EAEU countries to the interpretation of values in the perspective of events and processes taking place in the external dimension have a   large number of coincidences and common features. The central concept in the studied documents is spiritual and moral values, the preservation and protection of which are embedded in the system of national interests / national  strategic priorities. In the external dimension, international humanitarian cooperation is emphasized, which is conceived as a  way of inter-civilizational dialogue against the background of increasing instability and conflict. A  serious vulnerability can be considered the absence of an explicit interface between the value agenda formed by each of the countries of the Union and their integration guidelines and preferences.
“Crimean Issue” and the Civilizational Foundations of Russia’s Foreign Policy in the Context of a Global Hybrid War
Authors: Gapizov Z. R. , Kharitonova N. I.
Published: January 2024

The  article examines the role of the phenomenon of civilizational identity in Russia’s foreign policy in the context of the current hybrid confrontation based on the study of the parameters of the possibilities for resolving the “Crimean issue”. The essence of the global hybrid conflict between Russia and the West is analyzed, the possibilities of using the concept of civilizational identity as a   geopolitical toolkit  are determined. Aim . Unleashing the potential of the concept of civilizational identity in the global hybrid confrontation with the collective West in the context of the formation of a  polycentric  world order based on the experience of resolving the “Crimean issue”.

Tasks. Determine the essence and parameters of the global geopolitical conflict in modern world political conditions; to characterize the role of the civilizational identity of the Crimean population in solving the “Crimean issue”, to identify the potential of civilizational identity for solving domestic and foreign political problems, taking into account Russian national interests.

Methods. Geopolitical approach, system analysis, retrospective method, document analysis.

Results . The study showed the need for the formation and conceptualization of the civilizational foundations of Russia’s foreign policy. This should be a   larger-scale policy  that is creative in nature and translates the principles of justice and peaceful interstate relations. Changes in Russian foreign policy thinking can bring positive results  — to strengthen the Russian statehood, Russia’s international subjectivity, lay the foundations for a  truly polycentric  world order and expand the boundaries of the Russian world.

Conclusions . The concept of civilizational identity acts as a   universal an d effective tool for solving the “Crimean issue” and therefore should be considered both as a  basic social  value, and as a  mandatory category of state document strategies, and as a  formative element in th e information sphere.
Theoretical Aspects of the Formation of the Concept of Eurasian Security
Authors: Meleshin K. Yu. , Feonichev A. B.
Published: January 2024

In the article, from the standpoint of the structural and functional approach, the theoretical aspects of the formation of the concept of security of the Eurasian space as a   complex multilevel  socio-cultural system are considered.

Aim . To consider the essence of the security of the Eurasian space from the standpoint of a   structural and functional approach.

Tasks. To substantiate security as a  function  of the socio-cultural system, to consider the mechanisms of the impact of external and internal threats on Eurasian security.

Methods.  The  structural  and  functional  approach,  system  analysis,  generalization,  synthesis, comparative analysis were used.

Results . The applied approach made it possible to formulate a  definition of the security of a socio-cultural system, to identify ways to implement the security function by protecting and maintaining the system identity of its elements, as well as actively identifying destabilizing factors of the external and internal environment and countering them, in order to ensure effective, reliable and stable implementation of the purpose of the existence of a socio-cultural system.

Conclusions . The analysis of the concept of “security” has shown that this concept is, first of all, a  function of a socio-cultural  system aimed at preventing or reducing damage from existing or potentially possible threats, allowing it to achieve the established goal of its existence. In this regard, within the framework of the Eurasian integration process, it is necessary to consider the security of the Greater Eurasia region not as a  simple sum  of the national security of the states that make up it, but as a   basic function of a  single complex Eurasian socio-cultural system, which is an independent center for the development of a   multipolar world , ensuring the preservation of identity and development of the peoples of the historical Eurasian space, that is, as being on a  more at a  high system level, civilizational security.
Open Budget Effect on Corruption in the EAEU Countries
Authors: Bolgov R. V.
Published: January 2024

Until 1991,  the Eurasian Economic Union   (EAEU) countries, namely Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Russia, were part of the unified budget system of the USSR.   After the collapse of the Soviet Union and subsequent independence, the countries began to pursue an independent fiscal policy. In all five countries, a number of reforms have been implemented that have resulted in changes in the organization of fiscal policy, the creation of new fiscal institutions and the corresponding legal framework.

 Aim . To reveal the open budget effect on the corruption on the cases of the EAEU countries.

Tasks. We  analyze data from international organizations that assess the current situation in these countries.

Methods. We assess the impact of open financial data (according to the Open Data Inventory, ODIN, prepared by Open Data Watch) on corruption for the five EAEU countries (2015–2020) based on unbalanced panel data analysis.

Results . The hypothesis posed about the positive anti-corruption impact of an open budget in the EAEU countries was confirmed. We found that the quality of regulation and openness of the budget can affect the reduction of corruption.

Conclusion. It is concluded that the EAEU countries differ significantly in anti-corruption and open budget policies and practices, as well as in the international organizations indices.
O podcast de audiodrama em resposta à nova demanda por escuta imersiva
Authors: Gambaro Daniel , Ferraz Nivaldo
Published: January 2024

This article discusses the resurgence of podcasts in recent years as a response to the growing demand from the audience for productions that allow immersion in virtual worlds. Through the analysis of the podcast Homecoming (2016-2017), which we consider an example of this new moment, we approach elements acting as vectors of immersiveness, such as the expressive potential through sound language, complex narrative and interpretation. We associate such demand and the sophisticated form of production to the contemporary moment, when new listening habits are introducing, departing from the institutionalised traditions of terrestrial radio.