bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Withdrawing treatment from neonates: a review of the issues
Authors: McHaffie Hazel E
Published: July 2014

The law in the UK prohibits the active killing of any human being but there is no legal or moral imperative which obliges health care professionals to provide physiologically futile care. Deciding when to withhold or withdraw aggressive treatment from infants, however, is a complex and emotionally troubling task. Attempts have been made to produce guidelines for clinicians but given the diversity of circumstances and factors which complicate decision making in individual cases, It has not ben possible to date to draw up a definitive framework which can be used as a ‘cookbook recipe.’ For the parents concerned this is a most traumatic experience and opinion is divided on the extent to which they should be given responsibility for a decision on whether treatment should be withheld. Ongoing research is examining the experiences of all those involved in difficult cases.
An evaluation of prenatal ultrasound screening for CTEV
Authors: Pullinger M. , Southorn T. , Easton V. , Hutchinson R. , Smith R. P. , Sanghrajka A. P.
Published: July 2014

Congenital Talipes Equinovarus (CTEV) is one of the most common congenital limb deformities. We reviewed the records of infants who had received treatment for structural CTEV between 1 January 2007 and 30 November 2012. This was cross-referenced with the prenatal scans of mothers over a corresponding period of time. We investigated the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the fetal anomaly scan for the detection of CTEV and explored whether the publication of Fetal Anomaly Screening Programme guidelines in 2010 affected the rate of detection.

During the study period there were 95 532 prenatal scans and 34 373 live births at our hospital. A total of 37 fetuses with findings suggestive of CTEV were included in the study, of whom 30 were found to have structural CTEV at birth. The sensitivity of screening for CTEV was 71.4% and the positive predictive value was 81.1%. The negative predictive value and specificity were more than 99.5%. There was no significant difference between the rates of detection before and after publication of the guidelines (p = 0.5).

We conclude that a prenatal fetal anomaly ultrasound screening diagnosis of CTEV has a good positive predictive value enabling prenatal counselling. The change in screening guidance has not affected the proportion of missed cases. This information will aid counselling parents about the effectiveness and accuracy of prenatal ultrasound in diagnosing CTEV.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:984–8.
Does the length of incision in the quadriceps affect the recovery of strength after total knee replacement?
Authors: Chareancholvanich K. , Pornrattanamaneewong C.
Published: July 2014

We have compared the time to recovery of isokinetic quadriceps strength after total knee replacement (TKR) using three different lengths of incision in the quadriceps. We prospectively randomised 60 patients into one of the three groups according to the length of incision in the quadriceps above the upper border of the patella (2 cm, 4 cm or 6 cm). The strength of the knees was measured pre-operatively and every month post-operatively until the peak quadriceps torque returned to its pre-operative level.

There was no significant difference in the mean operating time, blood loss, hospital stay, alignment or pre-operative isokinetic quadriceps strength between the three groups. Using the Kaplan–Meier method, group A had a similar mean recovery time to group B (2.0 ± 0.2 vs 2.5 ± 0.2 months, p = 0.176). Group C required a significantly longer recovery time (3.4 ± 0.3 months) than the other groups (p < 0.03). However, there were no significant differences in the mean Oxford knee scores one year post-operatively between the groups.

We conclude that an incision of up to 4 cm in the quadriceps does not delay the recovery of its isokinetic strength after TKR.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:902–6.
Standardised effect sizes in clinical research
Authors: Parsons N. , Griffin X. L. , Stengel D. , Carey Smith R. , Perry D. C. , Costa M. L.
Published: July 2014

The Bone & Joint Journal provides the latest evidence to guide the clinical practice of orthopaedic surgeons. The benefits of one intervention compared with another are presented using outcome measures; some may be specific to a limb or joint and some are more general health-related quality of life measures. Readers will be familiar with many of these outcome measures and will be able to judge the relative benefits of different interventions when measured using the same outcome tool; for example, different treatments for pain in the knee measured using a particular knee score. But, how should readers compare outcomes between different clinical areas using different outcome measures? This article explores the use of standardised effect sizes.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:853–4.
ENT operating theatre efficiency
Authors: Galm T , Doshi T , Ahmad I
Published: July 2014

Productivity and efficiency has now become a priority for all National Health Service (NHS) organisations. The Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition has increased efficiency cuts by 3% in addition to the 15–20 billion pounds already made under Labour government. 1
Duplication of the vermiform appendix in an adult patient
Authors: Lim KH
Published: July 2014

Duplication of the appendix is extremely rare. A 69-year-old woman was admitted with a 2-day history of right lower quadrant abdominal pain. Physical examination was consistent with acute appendicitis. Ultrasonography and colonoscopy gave a clinical impression of an inflammatory appendiceal mucocoele. Operative findings were an enlarged and inflamed appendix with distal cystic changes. Laparoscopic wedge resection of the caecum was performed. A tubular structure with a true lumen was found in the appendix. Haematoxylin and eosin staining and trichrome staining showed both structures had a true mucosa and a muscular layer. The duplication in this case does not belong to any of the previously described types of duplication.
Failure in the application of fragility fracture prevention guidelines
Authors: Elvey MH , Pugh H , Schaller G , Dhotar G , Patel B , Oddy MJ
Published: July 2014

Introduction

The cost of fragility fractures to the UK economy is predicted to reach £2.2 billion by 2025. We studied our hip fracture population to establish whether national guidelines on fragility fracture prevention were being followed, and whether high risk patients were identified and treated by local care services.

Methods

Data on a consecutive series of trauma hip fracture admissions were collected prospectively over 14 months. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and National Osteoporosis Guideline Group (NOGG) recommendations and FRAX® risk calculations were applied to patients prior to their admission with a new hip fracture.

Results

Overall, 94 patients were assessed against national guidelines. The mean population age was 77 years. Almost a quarter (22%) of patients had suffered a previous fragility fracture. The mean FRAX® ten-year probability of hip fracture was 7%. According to guidelines, 45% of the study population required treatment, 35% fulfilled criteria for investigation and reassessment, and 20% needed no further management. In practice, 27% received treatment, 4% had undergone dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and were untreated, and 69% had not been investigated and were untreated. In patients meeting intervention thresholds, only 33% of those who required treatment were receiving treatment in practice.

Conclusions

In conjunction with NICE and NOGG recommendations, FRAX® was able to identify 80% of our fracture population as intermediate or high risk on the day of fracture. Correct management was evident in a third of cases with a pattern of inferior guideline compliance seen in a London population. There remains a lack of clarity over the duty of care in fragility fracture prevention.
Breast cancer survivors’ perspectives on whether clinical staff should ask breast cancer patients about childhood abuse
Authors: Clark L , Holcombe C , Fisher J , Salmon P
Published: July 2014

Introduction

Recent studies have shown that women who recall childhood abuse are at increased risk of emotional problems following a breast cancer diagnosis. How services should respond is unclear given the risk of compounding the emotional trauma of cancer with questioning about abuse. Our aim was to present the research findings to women with experience of breast cancer so as to obtain their perspective on how this evidence should influence clinical practice.

Methods

Participants were women who had been treated for breast cancer at one of the study units and women with a history of breast cancer who were members of a local patient support group. Three focus groups were conducted (with six, five and three participants respectively). The interview transcripts were analysed qualitatively.

Results

Participants emphasised the importance of the research findings for cancer care. The consensus was that abuse and its consequences for patients being treated for cancer should not be a ‘taboo’ area, and that patients should be given the opportunity and choice to disclose abuse as part of a holistic programme of care.

Conclusions

Services should examine how to include prompts about abuse as part of routine holistic assessment by clinical staff, who will need to be trained in eliciting and managing disclosures of abuse.
Abandono escolar precoce: Dados de uma investigação empírica
Authors: Simões M. C. Taborda , Fonseca A. Castro , Formosinho M. D. , Dias M. L. Vale , Lopes M. C.
Published: July 2014

Neste artigo, são analisados dados sobre o abandono escolar precoce recolhidos junto de uma amostra de alunos que inicialmente frequentavam escolas públicas do concelho de Coimbra. Os dados pertencem às duas coortes mais jovens de um estudo longitudinal iniciado, nesta região, em 1992/1993. Particular atenção foi prestada à análise das taxas de prevalência do abandono escolar precoce e à relação deste fenómeno com vários factores sociodemográficos. Finalmente, a partir destes dados são tiradas algumas implicações para a formação de professores e para a definição de políticas educativas.
Conceitos e processos formativos de pedagogia e literacia dos Media
Authors: Reia-Baptista Vítor
Published: July 2014

Os níveis de Literacia dos Media, assim como a sua natureza ou tão só a sua falta, assumem diferenças ou semelhanças consoante os contextos locais e globais em que se desenvolvem e se exercem. Assim sendo, são aqui apontados alguns exemplos, ainda que fragmentários, como eventuais contributos para um melhor conhecimento da realidade existente neste domínio em Portugal, assim como nalguns outros contextos de comunicação local e global.
La recepción de mensajes televisivos y otras pantallas en las distintas etapas del desarrollo evolutivo del niño y el adolescente
Authors: Lazo Carmen Marta , Gabelas Barroso José Antonio
Published: July 2014

O ecrã audiovisual, enquanto tratamento em paralelo de múltiplos estímulos, é consideravelmente diferente da leitura de um livro, já que este último envolve uma leitura sequencial. A exposição à televisão e a outros ecrãs aumenta a recepção de formas e conteúdos. Um “mosaico” formado por breves peças de informação, saturada de estímulos audiovisuais, sempre misturados e combinados num labirinto de formas e estímulos. Torna-se muito difícil precisar se um espectador vê ou olha para a televisão, se está a prestar atenção ou a analisar as mensagens. Teríamos que nos colocar dentro do ecrã para sabê-lo e “vê-los a olhar”. A atenção condiciona a capacidade de compreensão do espectador, mas esta última também influencia a atenção. Se as crianças ou os jovens antecipam que não vão compreender um programa, param de lhe prestar atenção. As crianças mais novas precisam de estímulos visuais mais poderosos, de personagens fisicamente mais activos, de cores mais brilhantes e de sons menos harmoniosos.
Aprendizagem de programação de computadores: dificuldades e ferramentas de suporte
Authors: Gomes Anabela , Areias Cristiana , Henriques Joana , Mendes António José
Published: July 2014

São várias as razões que tornam a aprendizagem de programação um processo difícil, ao qual as abordagens de ensino tradicionais não têm conseguido responder eficazmente. Muitas soluções tecnológicas têm sido desenvolvidas, porém o problema subsiste. Para além de diversas razões apontadas por muitos autores como estando na origem deste problema, destacamos a elevada dificuldade apresentada pelos alunos para resolver problemas genéricos. Esta dificuldade é acentuada quando os problemas são mais orientados à programação, traduzindo-se na incapacidade de concepção de algoritmos. Encontra-se em desenvolvimento uma nova proposta que se centra essencialmente no desenvolvimento de competências de resolução de problemas, genéricos numa fase de conhecimento inicial e orientados à programação em fases cognitivas mais avançadas. Este novo ambiente assenta em duas estruturas basilares, os estilos de aprendizagem preferenciais de cada aluno e o seu nível cognitivo. Relativamente a este último aspecto incorpora também mecanismos para treinar as funções cognitivas em défice.
Arquivo do Convento da Madre de Deus de Sá de Aveiro
Authors: Cartaxo Capelo Ludovina
Published: July 2014

O Mosteiro da Madre de Deus de Sá de Aveiro, era feminino e pertencia à ordem de S. Francisco. Fundado em 1644, enfrentou desde o início uma forte oposição por parte de Filipe Barreto Sernige, descendente dos Sernige, que lutou pelos seus direitos ao morgado. Esta contenda levou a que o Mosteiro perdesse o Morgado de Sernige. O Mosteiro da Madre de Deus de Sá de Aveiro recebeu ao longo da sua vida educandas, corista, seculares e criadas, cujas idades de entrada balizam-se entre os 3 e os 50 anos de idade, e que de alguma forma educou, protegeu e preparou para a vida. A sua documentação diz essencialmente respeito ao governo administrativa e patrimonial dos seus bens e rendimentos. O presente trabalho pretende dar a conhecer o fundo documental do Cartório do Mosteiro da Madre de Deus de Sá de Aveiro, dispõem assim os investigadores de mais informação organizada para explorar Abstract The Monastery of the Mother of God of Sá from Aveiro, was feminine and belonged to the order of S. Francisco. Founded in 1644, it faced since the beginning a strong opposition from Filipe Barreto Sernige, a descendant of the Sernige’s, who fought for his rights to the majorat. This contest led to the Monastery loosing Sernige majorat. The Monastery of the Mother of God of Sá of Aveiro received throughout his life girlstudents, showgirls, nuns and housemaids, whose ages were delimited in between 3 and 50 years old, and that in some way it educated, protected and prepared for life. It’s documentation will involve mainly administrative and patrimonial management of its property and income. This paper intends to show the documental fund from the Office of the Monastery of the Mother of God of Sá of Aveiro, as well as to provide to researchers more organized information to explore.
Evidencia existente sobre la influencia de la ingesta de prebióticos sobre el riesgo de cáncer colorrectal
Authors: Hidalgo-Garcia Mireia , Farran Andreu
Published: July 2014

El cáncer colorrectal es uno de los cánceres más comunes a nivel mundial. Entre el riesgo a desarrollarlo y la microbiota intestinal existe una relación compleja que puede ser modificada por la alimentación. El efecto de los prebióticos sobre la composición y la actividad de la microbiota colónica pueden producir cambios beneficiosos en la flora alterada de los pacientes con cáncer de colon. De todos los prebióticos, se sospecha que la inulina HP y el sinergil (30% oligofructosa y 70% de inulina) son los que mantienen una relación más estrecha con la neoplasia. Este fenómeno podría ser explicado por la longitud de las cadenas de los fructanos. Los estudios realizados en animales observan que la administración de prebióticos reduce el número y la multiplicidad de focos de criptas aberrantes, reduce el número y la vida media de los tumores, inhibe el crecimiento de éstos y potencia el efecto de diferentes fármacos quimioterapéuticos. Los resultados obtenidos en roedores que pretenden simular la predisposición genética no son homogéneos. Algunos de los estudios realizados en humanos, mayoritariamente sanos, observan cambios en la composición de la microbiota, en el perfil de los ácidos biliares y en los ácidos grasos de cadena corta, pero los resultados obtenidos difieren entre los diferentes estudios y no obtienen resultados concluyentes.
Indicadores de clima etico nas empresas
Authors: Arruda Maria Cecilia Coutinho de , Navran Frank
Published: July 2014

Todo executivo se preocupa em conhecer a situação de sua empresa em relação ao mercado no que diz respeito à ética e, para isso, é preciso saber qual é o patamar ético das organizações brasileiras. A existência de um indicador para avaliar o grau de eticidade de uma empresa, a partir de seu clima ético, foi o alvo deste estudo, pioneiro no Brasil. O objetivo deste artigo é estimular os executivos a se preocuparem com a qualidade ética de sua organização, informando-lhes e colocando à sua disposição um trabalho que vem sendo desenvolvido desde 1998 pelo Centro de Estudos de Ética nas Organizações (CENE)/EAESP/FGV em parceria com o Ethics Resource Center, em Washington, DC, EUA. Serão apresentados os indicadores quanto à sua construção e aplicação ao setor industrial brasileiro.
The rights approach to local public management: experiences from Brazil
Authors: Spink Peter
Published: July 2014

The Fundação Getulio Vargas, São Paulo, Public Management and Citizenship Program was set up in 1996 with Ford Foundation support to identify and disseminate Brazilian subnational government initiatives in service provision that have a direct effect on citizenship. Already, the program has 2,500 different experiences in its data bank, the results of four annual cycles. The article draws some initial conclusions about the possibilities of a rights-based approach to public management and about the engagement of other agencies and civil society organizations.
As armadilhas dos paradigmas da liderança
Authors: Ouimet Gérard
Published: July 2014

Este artigo originou-se da análise dos limites epistemológicos - e, portanto, dos perigos inerentes aos conhecimentos produzidos - no tocante à liderança. Nossas reflexões permitiram estabelecer uma classificação original de diferentes tipos de estudos relativos à liderança. Esses tipos de estudo caracterizam-se por pertencer a um paradigma, que é a concepção de liderança. Em nossa pesquisa, foram identificados quatro paradigmas relacionados à liderança: racionalista, empírico, sensacionista e dogmático. Enquanto o paradigma racionalista concebe a liderança como um algoritmo de ações racionalmente refletidas, o paradigma empírico sustenta que se trata mais de uma habilidade para manipular os instrumentos de mobilização com eficiência. O paradigma sensacionista considera, por sua vez, que a liderança é uma filosofia de vida explícita. Por fim, o paradigma dogmático define a liderança como a expressão da psiquê dos dirigentes. Embora os conhecimentos produzidos em qualquer um dos quatro paradigmas possam revelar-se úteis para a compreensão do fenômeno da liderança, todos eles correm o risco de cair na armadilha de um entusiasmo heurístico. Assim, o racionalismo pode terminar em intelectualismo, o empirismo, em reducionismo, o sensacionismo, em simplismo e o dogmatismo, em misticismo.
Narciso sem espelho: a publicação brasileira de marketing
Authors: Vieira Francisco Giovanni David
Published: July 2014

Este artigo analisa a influência da publicação científica brasileira na área de marketing para a produção acadêmica no Brasil. A análise concerniu aos anos 1990, quando se observou 272 artigos publicados nos principais periódicos brasileiros de administração. As variáveis investigadas foram, por um lado, a temática, o número de autores e a filiação acadêmica dos autores dos artigos, e, por outro, o número total de citações por artigo, o número total de citações de periódicos, além do número de citações relativo a periódicos internacionais e brasileiros por artigo publicado. Após a análise de 5.883 citações bibliográficas, constata-se que a publicação científica brasileira na área de marketing não tem servido como uma referência para a produção acadêmica da própria área. Isso revela que, embora existam consideráveis referências sobre a realidade empírica empresarial brasileira no âmbito dos periódicos, os pesquisadores têm relegado tais referências como fontes de pesquisa.
Aprendizagem contestada em ambiente de mudança radical
Authors: Rodrigues Suzana B. , Child John , Luz Talita R.
Published: July 2014

Este artigo oferece uma análise da aprendizagem nas organizações em condições de mudança radical, em que a reestruturação da organização foi motivada por uma mudança na ideologia e na propriedade. Discute-se que, nessas circunstâncias, a aprendizagem não representa necessariamente uma melhoria para o coletivo como um todo. A fonte empírica para este artigo é um estudo de caso da Telemig, uma das principais companhias brasileiras de telecomunicações. A pesquisa empregou múltiplos métodos e fontes permitindo uma investigação do conteúdo e do processo de aprendizagem, e de seus agentes ao longo do tempo. O estudo elabora e ilustra o conceito de "aprendizagem contestada", concluindo que este necessita ser incorporado à teoria da aprendizagem nas organizações.
A gestão de competências gerenciais e a contribuição da aprendizagem organizacional
Authors: Bitencourt Claudia Cristina
Published: July 2014

O presente estudo analisa os principais conceitos, princípios e práticas de aprendizagem organizacional como um meio de se tratar a questão da gestão de competências gerenciais a partir da especificidade de cada organização. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, desenvolvida com base em um estudo comparativo entre seis empresas (três brasileiras e três australianas). Os resultados sugerem a importância das práticas informais e a necessidade de se estabelecer uma estratégia articulada no que se refere à gestão de competências gerenciais. As experiências significativas relatadas pelos gestores entrevistados focalizam práticas organizacionais e práticas que extrapolam o âmbito organizacional. Destaca-se a importância da construção de uma consciência social. Os principais elementos de aprendizagem organizacional que representam uma potencial contribuição para a gestão de competências gerenciais referem-se às questões da interação entre as pessoas (reflexões que privilegiam o coletivo), visão processual (desenvolvimento contínuo) e a ênfase na questão pragmática (práticas de trabalho).
Formação de estratégia nas micro e pequenas empresas: um estudo no centro-oeste mineiro
Authors: Lemos da Silveira Santos Leonardo , César Alves Ricardo , Nunes Tavares de Almeida Kenneth
Published: July 2014

Muito se tem dito e escrito sobre as peculiaridades da administração estratégica nas micro e pequenas empresas (MPE). Pouco, entretanto, tem sido feito em termos de trabalho empírico, de cunho quantitativo, quando comparado com o volume de pesquisa que trata de grandes empresas. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo buscou explorar o processo de formação de estratégias nessas empresas, descrevendo seus principais aspectos e, principalmente, verificando se há características desse processo que podem ser associadas a níveis de desempenho acima (e/ou abaixo) da média. Para tanto, utilizou-se a análise de regressão linear múltipla para entender as relações existentes entre as variáveis do processo de formação da estratégia consideradas no estudo e o desempenho; e, ainda, a análise discriminante para determinar os indicadores que diferenciam os grupos de empresas com desempenho acima e abaixo da média. Os resultados apontaram uma tendência à utilização de processos de formação de estratégia deliberados e formais. Por outro lado, reconhecemos também, uma tendência de inovação e mudança. O desempenho acima da média das micro e pequenas empresas, ao que parece, é resultado de uma receita balanceada desses dois ingredientes.
Em direção a uma tipologia de processos de internacionalização
Authors: Rezende Sérgio Fernando , Versiani Ângela França
Published: July 2014

O presente artigo tem como objetivo construir uma tipologia de processos de internacionalização a partir da conjugação de dois campos de investigação que têm se desenvolvido separadamente dentro da abordagem comportamental da internacionalização: o modelo relacional de internacionalização e a literatura de desenvolvimento de subsidiárias. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo comparativo de casos com 12 multinacionais britânicas no mercado brasileiro por meio de uma ampla pesquisa documental combinada com a realização de 42 entrevistas semiestruturadas com representantes da matriz e das subsidiárias. A análise individual de dados envolveu o mapeamento dos processos de internacionalização a partir do modo de operação. Já a análise comparativa consistiu em definir as dimensões da tipologia e associar os grupos dessa tipologia com os casos pesquisados. Como resultado, os processos de internacionalização foram classificados em quatro grupos tipológicos que permitiram aprofundar a discussão acerca das dimensões espaciais e temporais da internacionalização da firma.
A business intelligence software made in Romania: A solution for Romanian companies during the economic crisis
Authors: Edelhauser Eduard , Ionică Andreea
Published: July 2014

The paper focuses on a modern prospective of IT&C sector. The methodology
used is both quantitative and qualitative, and the results were obtained with
the use of a questionnaire. Our purpose was to demonstrate some hypothesis
concerning the size of the organization, the management method and the IT&C
based decision. The study is limited to the SIVECO companies portfolio and
has a high level of originality, such a study has been never conducted before
for computer based advanced management methods implementation. The present
interest of the approach consists in the powerful impact IT&C technologies
have upon the development of nowadays organizations as well as upon the daily
life of each individual; nevertheless, one should not ignore the special
condition Romanian economy and especially Romanian society as a whole is
confronted with during the current period.
Stability of beta coefficients of sector and subsector portfolios in an uncertain environment
Authors: Terceño Antonio , Barberà-Mariné Glòria , Vigier Hernán , Laumann Yanina
Published: July 2014

This paper is a first approach to the study of beta coefficients using fuzzy
regression. We intend to improve the calculation of the sector and subsector
betas of the Spanish Stock Market using fuzzy regression in an attempt to
incorporate all future inaccuracies and the subjectivity associated with
decision making. Our objective is to use all the information provided by the
market to determine the systematic risk.
Approximation to the theory of affinities to manage the problems of the grouping process
Authors: Gil-Lafuente Anna , Klimova Anna
Published: July 2014

Perhaps more than ever, new economic and enterprise needs have increased the
interest and utility of the methods of the grouping process based on the
theory of uncertainty. Numerous studies made in this field until recently
have contributed with a great number of techniques and algorithms that proved
their efficiency in resolving challenging problems that arise in an economic
management framework of modern companies. A fuzzy grouping (clustering)
process is a key phase of knowledge acquisition and reduction complexity
regarding different groups of objects. In this study, we consider some
elements of the theory of affinities and uncertain pretopology which form a
significant support tool for a fuzzy clustering process. A Galois lattice is
also introduced in order to provide a clearer vision of the results we
obtained in a previous process. We implement this useful set of mathematical
elements to make an homogeneous grouping process of the economic regions of
Russian Federation and Ukraine. The obtained results give us a large
situational panorama of a regional economic situation of two countries as
well as the key guidelines to follow in a decision-making process. We offer
the calculus for two different countries to demonstrate the significant
differences that could be obtained taking into account the minimum changes of
an input data basis. The mathematical method is very sensible to any changes
that the economic situation of the regions can have. In this study, we
pretend to give an alternative method of the grouping process for any modern
company that performs its activity under uncertainty.
Appendicular osteosarcoma in small-breed dogs: 51 cases (1986–2011)
Authors: Amsellem Pierre M. , Selmic Laura E. , Wypij Jackie M. , Bacon Nicholas J. , Culp William T. N. , Ehrhart Nicole P. , Powers Barbara E. , Stryhn Henrik , Farese James P.
Published: July 2014

Objective—To describe outcomes for small-breed dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma.

Design—Multi-institutional retrospective case series.

Animals—51 small-breed dogs.

Procedures—Records from participating Veterinary Society of Surgical Oncology members were searched for dogs that weighed ≤ 15 kg (33 lb) with a histologic diagnosis of appendicular osteosarcoma. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to determine median survival times (MSTs), and Cox regression was performed to identify variables associated with survival time.

Results—Tumors were most commonly located on the humerus (n = 15) and femur (14). Of the 51 study dogs, 9 were treated nonsurgically, 16 underwent amputation of the affected limb only, and 26 underwent curative-intent treatment, with MSTs of 112, 257, and 415 days, respectively. The MST did not differ significantly between dogs in the amputation-only and curative-intent groups. For dogs in the nonsurgical group, MST decreased significantly as the tumor histologic score increased. For dogs in the amputation-only group, MST decreased as body weight increased.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—For the small-breed dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma of the present study, tumor histologic grade and mitotic index were subjectively lower and MST following amputation of the affected limb without adjuvant chemotherapy was longer, compared with those for similarly affected larger dogs. Results indicated no significant advantage in MST for dogs that underwent curative-intent treatment versus dogs that underwent amputation only, and further investigation of the importance of adjuvant chemotherapy is warranted.
Fracture of the Capitate
Authors: Shepard Nathan P. , Westrick Richard B. , Johnson Michael R.
Published: July 2014

The patient was a 21-year-old female cadet at a military academy who was evaluated by a physical therapist in a direct-access capacity for a chief complaint of right wrist pain that began 1 day prior after a fall on an outstretched hand. Due to concern for a fracture, the physical therapist ordered radiographs of the right wrist, which were interpreted as normal. At the time of the patient's follow-up visit 2 weeks later, active range of motion of the right wrist was still limited due to pain, and there was exquisite tenderness to palpation over the dorsal aspect of the capitate. Repeat radiographs of the right wrist were ordered and interpreted as normal. Despite the normal radiographs, a high index of suspicion still remained for a fracture. Therefore, magnetic resonance imaging of the right wrist was ordered, which revealed a nondisplaced fracture of the capitate. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(7):541. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.0408
A Compact Dual-Mode Wearable Antenna for Body-Centric Wireless Communications
Authors: Lin Chia-Hsien , Ito Koichi
Published: July 2014

The miniaturization of electronic devices is leading to the creation of body-centric wireless communications (BCWCs), in which wireless devices are attached to the human body. In particular, personal healthcare is considered as the biggest potential application. In this paper, we propose a compact wearable dual-mode (on-body and off-body modes) antenna for personal healthcare systems. For on-body mode at 10 MHz, received voltages are analyzed with a chest phantom, while for the off-body mode in the 2.4 GHz ISM band, reflection coefficient (S11) and radiation patterns are studied.
Refined Diebold-Mariano Test Methods for the Evaluation of Wind Power Forecasting Models
Authors: Chen Hao , Wan Qiulan , Wang Yurong
Published: July 2014

The scientific evaluation methodology for the forecast accuracy of wind power forecasting models is an important issue in the domain of wind power forecasting. However, traditional forecast evaluation criteria, such as Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE), have limitations in application to some degree. In this paper, a modern evaluation criterion, the Diebold-Mariano (DM) test, is introduced. The DM test can discriminate the significant differences of forecasting accuracy between different models based on the scheme of quantitative analysis. Furthermore, the augmented DM test with rolling windows approach is proposed to give a more strict forecasting evaluation. By extending the loss function to an asymmetric structure, the asymmetric DM test is proposed. Case study indicates that the evaluation criteria based on DM test can relieve the influence of random sample disturbance. Moreover, the proposed augmented DM test can provide more evidence when the cost of changing models is expensive, and the proposed asymmetric DM test can add in the asymmetric factor, and provide practical evaluation of wind power forecasting models. It is concluded that the two refined DM tests can provide reference to the comprehensive evaluation for wind power forecasting models.
Comparing Pedophile Activity in Different P2P Systems
Authors: Fournier Raphaël , Cholez Thibault , Latapy Matthieu , Chrisment Isabelle , Magnien Clémence , Festor Olivier , Daniloff Ivan
Published: July 2014

Peer-to-peer (P2P) systems are widely used to exchange content over the Internet. Knowledge of pedophile activity in such networks remains limited, despite having important social consequences. Moreover, though there are different P2P systems in use, previous academic works on this topic focused on one system at a time and their results are not directly comparable. We design a methodology for comparing KAD and eDonkey, two P2P systems among the most prominent ones and with different anonymity levels. We monitor two eDonkey servers and the KAD network during several days and record hundreds of thousands of keyword-based queries. We detect pedophile-related queries with a previously validated tool and we propose, for the first time, a large-scale comparison of pedophile activity in two different P2P systems. We conclude that there are significantly fewer pedophile queries in KAD than in eDonkey (approximately 0.09% vs. 0.25%).
Démarches et mathématiques en climatologie (Mathematics and climatology)
Authors: Dauphine Andre
Published: July 2014

Résumé. - Les mathématiques sont une condition nécessaire pour le développement de la géographie physique. Elles seules permettent de vérifier les hypothèses. Mais, la théorie et le travail de terrain sont les deux autres conditions pour que progresse notre science.
La moyenne montagne française: cas régionaux, questions humaines (French middle mountain)
Authors: Bourgier Jean-Paul , Couderc Pascal , Fel André , Filliol Jean , Guellec Agnès , Taillefer François , Vidal Francis
Published: July 2014

Abstract. - In the French middle mountain, regional life is extremely varied. It stretches from the degradation of geographical environment, pure and simple (Central Pyrenees) to a real renewal of intensive husbandry (Massif du Pilat). The Limousin mountain presents the problem of reforestation methods. In the Southern Alps, the question in one of newcomers into depopulated regions., The southern Jura shows that the enlargement of farms applies to a minority of farmers. Finally the département of Creuse is witness to forms of association (G.A.E.C.) which carry on the tradition of the extended families as they existed in the old days.
Le paysage, vu par les géographes... et par les autres (Landscape as seen by geographers... and other people)
Authors: Bomer Bernard
Published: July 2014

Si la notion de paysage appartient sans conteste au patrimoine géographique, son analyse a varié selon les époques et en fonction du progrès des techniques, puis d'une remise en cause des finalités et des itinéraires de la discipline. L'approche appliquée, qui se réfère à une appréciation de l'environnement tend à associer l'objectivité scientifique et la subjectivité propre au goût d'une époque dans une combinaison souvent malaisée. Cependant que d'autres spécialistes : ethnologues, agronomes... découvrent à leur tour le paysage et reprennent ou redécouvrent certains cheminements suivis par les géographes tout en en proposant de nouveaux.
Permanence de la structure du paysage d'une commune du pays des « Terres Noires » de 1835 à nos jours : l'exemple de Savournon (Haute-Alpes) (Constancy of landscape structure in a village of the « Terres Noires » from 1835 to our days : the example of Savournon (Hautes-Alpes))
Authors: Gautier Emmanuèle
Published: July 2014

Le Premier Cadastre apporte une vue relativement précise de la structure du paysage d'une commune des Alpes du Sud en 1835. D'une part, les superficies des différents modes d'exploitation du milieu remettent en cause l'idée répandue d'une dégradation générale et uniforme du milieu par l'homme au plus fort de la pression démographique. D'autre part, il apparaît que la répartition spatiale des différents types d'exploitation est étroitement liée aux unités morphostructurales du bassin-versant. Enfin, la permanence de la structure du paysage en 150 ans est le fait le plus marquant de ce terroir. L'auteur propose quelques éléments d'explication.
L'agriculture de loisir, une nouvelle forme d'utilisation de l'espace ? Le cas de la frange urbaine de la ville d'Utrecht (Hobby farming, a new form of space utilisation ? The case study of the urban fringe of Utrecht city)
Authors: Van Oort G.
Published: July 2014

La frange urbaine évolue vers une région de plus en plus complexe. L'hétérogénéité et la dynamique sont les éléments caractéristiques. La mutation de l'espace a lieu par de nouvelles occupations de l'espace et par des changements de fonction du bâti. Le nombre d'entreprises agricoles diminue sensiblement. Quarante pour cent des agriculteurs ont des revenus supplémentaires, mais trois quarts des agriculteurs sont persuadés que leur entreprise est viable. Un tiers de toutes les exploitations agricoles appartient à la catégorie de l'agriculture de loisir, une forme spécifique pour la frange urbaine. L'agriculture de loisir connaît deux types d'exploitants : l'agriculteur âgé qui a dû vendre une partie de ses terres et l'exploitant d'origine urbaine plus jeune. L'agriculture de loisir joue un rôle non négligeable au niveau de l'environnement naturel et du paysage, en fait ce groupe «entretient» le paysage de la frange urbaine.
La huerta de Valence : la fin d'un mythe ? (Valence's "huerta" : the end of a myth ?)
Authors: Courtot Roland
Published: July 2014

En raison de contraintes internes et externes les situations apparaissent de plus en plus contrastées sur le plan social et sur le plan spatial à l'intérieur de la huerta de Valence. Dans ce contexte on est en train de passer de la huerta autour de la ville à la ville autour de la huerta.
Continuités et ruptures dans l'espace agricole de la Communauté Urbaine de Brest (Continuity and rupture in the agricultural space of Brest urban community)
Authors: Piriou Nicole
Published: July 2014

Dans la Communauté Urbaine de Brest, l'espace agricole diminue sous la poussée urbaine mais les exploitations agricoles restent nombreuses. Ces tendances varient selon les points du territoire communautaire. Au nord, se maintiennent des exploitations d'élevage productivistes conformes au modèle léonard. A l'ouest et surtout au sud, à Plougastel-Daoulas, se développe une agriculture serriste à haut niveau technologique.
Nanodiamond-DGEA peptide conjugates for enhanced delivery of doxorubicin to prostate cancer
Authors: Salaam Amanee D , Hwang Patrick , McIntosh Roberus , Green Hadiyah N , Jun Ho-Wook , Dean Derrick
Published: July 2014

The field of nanomedicine has emerged as an approach to enhance the specificity and efficacy of cancer treatments as stand-alone therapies and in combination with standard chemotherapeutic treatment regimens. The current standard of care for metastatic cancer, doxorubicin (DOX), is presented with challenges, namely toxicity due to a lack of specificity and targeted delivery. Nano-enabled targeted drug delivery systems can provide an avenue to overcome these issues. Nanodiamonds (ND), in particular, have been researched over the past five years for use in various drug delivery systems but minimal work has been done that incorporates targeting capability. In this study, a novel targeted drug delivery system for bone metastatic prostate cancer was developed, characterized, and evaluated in vitro. NDs were conjugated with the Asp–Gly–Glu–Ala (DGEA) peptide to target α2β1 integrins over-expressed in prostate cancers during metastasis. To facilitate drug delivery, DOX was adsorbed to the surface of the ND-DGEA conjugates. Successful preparation of the ND-DGEA conjugates and the ND-DGEA+DOX system was confirmed with transmission electron microscopy, hydrodynamic size, and zeta potential measurements. Since traditional DOX treatment regimens lack specificity and increased toxicity to normal tissues, the ND-DGEA conjugates were designed to distinguish between cells that overexpress α2β1 integrin, bone metastatic prostate cancers cells (PC3), and cells that do not, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). Utilizing the ND-DGEA+DOX system, the efficacy of 1 µg/mL and 2 µg/mL DOX doses increased from 2.5% to 12% cell death and 11% to 34% cell death, respectively. These studies confirmed that the delivery and efficacy of DOX were enhanced by ND-DGEA conjugates. Thus, the targeted ND-DGEA+DOX system provides a novel approach for decreasing toxicity and drug doses.
Efficient routes toward the synthesis of the D-rhamno-trisaccharide related to the A-band polysaccharide of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Chaudhury Aritra , Maity Sajal K , Ghosh Rina
Published: July 2014

The present work describes efficient avenues for the synthesis of the trisaccharide repeating unit [α-D-Rhap-(1→3)-α-D-Rhap-(1→3)-α-D-Rhap] associated with the A-band polysaccharide of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. One of the key steps involved 6-O-deoxygenation of either partially or fully acylated 4,6-O-benzylidene-1-thiomannopyranoside by radical-mediated redox rearrangement in high yields and regioselectivity. The D-rhamno-thioglycosides so obtained allowed efficient access to the trisaccharide target via stepwise glycosylation as well as a one-pot glycosylation protocol. In a different approach, a 4,6-O-benzylidene D-manno-trisaccharide derivative was synthesized, which upon global 6-O-deoxygenation followed by deprotection generated the target D-rhamno-trisaccharide. The application of the reported regioselective radical-mediated deoxygenation on 4,6-O-benzylidene D-manno thioglycoside (hitherto unexplored) has potential for ramification in the field of synthesis of oligosaccharides based on 6-deoxy hexoses.
Old Gramophone Records as an Ethnochoreological Resource
Authors: Kunej Rebeka
Published: July 2014

Do nedavnega gramofonske plošče z 78 obrati na minuto niso zbujale zanimanja slovenskih folkloristov in praviloma jih pri raziskavah niso uporabljali kot vir. Pri raziskovanju ljudske plesne glasbe so se raziskovalci osredotočali predvsem na lastne terenske raziskave ali na terensko gradivo svojih kolegov, manj pa na druge vire. Namen prispevka je preučiti, ali so stare gramofonske plošče relevanten vir etnokoreolškega raziskovanja slovenskega prostora in zakaj.
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Until recently, 78 rpm gramophone records did not attract the interest of Slovenian folkdance researchers and were not used as research sources. When studying folkdance music, the researchers mainly focused on their own field sound recordings or similar material from their colleagues, but less on other resources. The aim of this paper is to examine whether the old gramophone records are a relevant resource for ethnochoreological research in Slovenia and why.
Convergence and Internationalization of Higher Education in Europe
Authors: Nicolescu Luminiţa
Published: July 2014

This chapter approaches the internationalization of higher education in Europe in terms of its relationship with convergence trends in European higher education. It starts with illustrating a relationship of mutual influence between convergence and internationalization at a conceptual level. The chapter looks at developments of European higher education over the past two decades, including the Bologna process, as triggers for increased harmonization of the European higher education systems. Among others, the internationalization of higher education is a way forward in implementing the Bologna process. These aspects are illustrated on a national example: Romania, through the influences of European, national, and institutional developments on the internationalization of higher education. The analysis at institutional level comprises a review conducted for all the 92 accredited universities from Romania, public and private. The study searches the information available on universities' Websites in relation with their internationalization processes. The chapter ends with the discussion of the internationalization process as a trigger and as a way forward for increased convergence in European higher education from multiple perspectives that are applied to Romania: conceptual and applied, European, national and institutional, and strategic and operational.
New Technologies as Tools for Education to Cultural Heritage in the EU Agendas
Authors: Proietti Enrico
Published: July 2014

The European Commission faced the subject of educational relation between new media technology and all expressions of culture, aiming at the adoption of pondered policies. The Open Method of Coordination Working Group had the task to study the synergies between education and culture, in particular on the part regarding the new ways of artistic and cultural education provided by new technologies. Given an account of the debate on Media Literacy across Europe, the specific recommendations expressed by the group are shown. The Digital Agenda for Europe is a further step in that direction. Highlighted is the educational application of new technology to cultural heritage, as a paratextual tool helping in its comprehension. This chapter focuses on the educational significance of using the contexts pertaining to archaeology. The necessary mental application to imagine and reconstruct past exteriorities involves a lot of them, primarily the virtual one with its technology, but much work remains to be done.
Virtual World Classrooms
Authors: Meggs Susan Martin , Kibbe Sharon , Greer Annette
Published: July 2014

This chapter provides a comprehensive case study to demonstrate the longitudinal development of online pedagogy for higher education through a lens of interior design. The chapter presents constructivist theory as a guiding pedagogical framework for the creation of learning environments within Second Life (SL) virtual reality. Details of the rigorous process of incorporation of SL, as an enhancement to a traditional course with a laboratory component, is presented to validate the integrity of the scholarship of teaching and learning undertaken in the exemplar case study. The concluding components of the chapter review the iterative process of course outcome evaluation compared to course and accreditation standards to further demonstrate the educational value of virtual reality as an environment for learning.