bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Piperine Attenuates the Inflammatory Response, Oxidative Stress and Pyroptosis to Facilitate Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury via Autophagy Enhancement
Authors: Zhang Haojie , Wu Chenyu , Huang Jin-Feng , Chen Yanlin , Ni Wen-Fei
Published: March 2021

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious injury that can lead to irreversible motor dysfunction and subsequently result in disability and even death. Due to its complicated pathogenic mechanism, there are no effective drug treatments. Piperine, a natural active alkaloid extracted from black pepper, suppressed inflammation in a previous study. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of piperine in a spinal cord injury model.Methods: Spinal cord injury was induced in C57BL/6 mice by clamping the spinal cord with a vascular clip (15 g force; Oscar) for 1 min. Eighty mice were divided randomly into the following four groups: The Sham group (n = 20), the SCI+Vehicle group (n = 20), the SCI+ Piperine group (n = 20), and the SCI+ Piperine+3MA group (n = 20). Before SCI and every 2 days post-SCI, evaluations of the Basso mouse scale (BMS) were performed. On day 14 after SCI, inclined plane tests and footprint analyses were performed. On postoperative day 3, the spinal cord was harvested to assess pyroptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammation, and autophagy. Qualitative or quantitative analysis of the components of these potential mechanisms was performed by Western blotting (WB), immunofluorescence (IF), quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results: Piperine enhanced the functional recovery of spinal cord injury. Additionally, piperine inhibited inflammation, attenuated oxidative stress and pyroptosis, and activated autophagy. However, the effects of piperine on the functional recovery of SCI, ROS-mediated autophagy, inflammation and pyroptosis were reversed by the inhibition of autophagy.Conclusions: Our experiments demonstrated that piperine facilitated the functional recovery of spinal cord injury by inhibiting the inflammatory response, oxidative stress and pyroptosis, which are mediated by the activation of autophagy.
Patient Perspectives of Target Weight Management and Ultrafiltration in Haemodialysis: A Multi-Center Survey
Authors: Keane David Francis , Glyde Megan , Dasgupta Indranil , Gardiner Claire , Lindley Elizabeth , Mitra Sandip , Palmer Nicholas , Dye Louise , Wright Mark , Sutherland Ed
Published: March 2021

Background: Decisions around planned ultrafiltration volumes are the only part of the haemodialysis prescription decided upon at every session. Removing too much fluid or too little is associated with both acute symptoms and long-term outcomes. The degree to which patients engage with or influence decision-making is not clear. We explored patient perspectives of prescribing ultrafiltration volumes, their understanding of the process and engagement with it.Methods: A questionnaire developed for this study was administered to 1077 patients across 10 UK Renal Units. Factor analysis reduced the dataset into factors representing common themes. Relationships between survey results and factors were investigated using regression models. ANCOVA was used to explore differences between Renal Units.Results: Patients generally felt in control of their fluid management and that they were given the final say on planned ultrafiltration volumes. Around half of the respondents reported they take an active role in their treatment. However, respondents were largely unable to relate signs and symptoms to fluid management practice and a third said they would not report common signs and symptoms to clinicians. A fifth of patients reported not to know how ultrafiltration volumes were calculated. Patients responded positively to questions relating to healthcare staff, though with significant variation between units, highlighting differences in perception of care.Conclusions: Despite a lack of formal acknowledgement in fluid management protocols, patients have significant involvement in decisions regarding fluid removal during dialysis. Furthermore, substantial gaps remain in patient knowledge and engagement. Formalizing the role of patients in these decisions, including patient education, may improve prescription and achievement of target weights.
WITHDRAWN: Prognostic Significance of Pyruvate Kinase M2 Expression in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Qiqi , Zheng Shutao , Liu Qing , Liu Tao , Tuerxun Aerziguli , Yang Lifei , Han Xiujuan , Lu Xiaomei
Published: March 2021

Background: Pyruvate kinase 2 (PKM2) is a key enzyme in glycolysis pathway and has been reported to be associated with the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, the prognostic value of PKM2 in ESCC remains undetermined.Materials and methods: This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological significance of PKM2 expression in ESCC. A comprehensive and systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Medline and Cochrane library databases. Appraised were the quality of studies, the potential for bias, and performed meta-analysis to assess the prognostic impact of PKM2 on the overall survival (OS).Results: Five studies with 781 patients were eligible and enrolled eventually. Patients with high PKM2 expression were associated with poor prognosis in ESCC (HR=1.72, 95%CI: 1.41~2.09, P＜0.01). Furthermore, up-regulated PKM2 was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (OR=2.38, 95%CI: 1.68~3.35, P＜0.01), clinical stage (OR=3.29, 95%CI: 2.27~4.77, P＜0.01) and T classification (OR=2.92, 95%CI: 2.05~4.16, P＜0.01).Conclusions: In conclusion, high PKM2 expression denotes worse OS in ESCC patients, and correlate with the lymph node metastasis, clinical stage and T classification. However, further studies are warranted to assess how PKM2 can be implemented as a reliable staging element in clinical practice and whether it could provide a new target for therapeutic intervention.
Simultaneous Determination of Low Molecule Benzotriazoles and Benzotriazole UV Stabilizers in Wastewater by Ultrasound-Assisted Emulsification Microextraction Followed by GC-MS Detection
Authors: Urszula Kotowska , Joanna Struk-Sokołowska , Janina Piekutin
Published: March 2021

A rapid, sensitive, economically and ecologically friendly method based on one-step ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction (USAEME) and in situ derivatization followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for simultaneous determination of low molecular benzotriazoles (LMBTs) and benzotriazole-based ultraviolet filters (BUVs) was developed. The optimized method allow quantification of benzotriazole (BT), 4-methylbenzotriazole (4MBT), 5-methylbenzotriazole (5MBT); 5-chlorobenzotriazole (5ClBT), 2-(2′-hydroxy-3′-tert-butyl-5′-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzortriazole (UV326) and 2-(2′-hydroxy-5′-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl)benzotriazole (UV329) in municipal and industrial (dairy) wastewater. The method was validated using real influent and effluent wastewater and samples at various stages of the purification process. Obtained relative recoveries were between 77 and 137%, limits of detection (LoDs) from 0.001 to 0.035 µg/L, the repeatability expressed by the coefficient of variation (CV) did not exceed 12%. The use of the method for the determination of the tested compounds in municipal and industrial wastewater showed their presence in most of the tested samples, in concentrations from LoD to 6.11 µg/L. The conducted studies of samples from municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) located in north-eastern Poland showed that the effectiveness of benzotriazole removal by this plant is from 29 to 84%. The load of tested compounds released into the environment by this facility ranges from 2 to 269 mg/day/1000 inhabitants.
FOXP3/CD8 ratio and CXCR4-positive regulatory T cells as indicators of tumor immunity in the conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma microenvironment
Authors: Tagami Mizuki , Kakehashi Anna , Katsuyama-Yoshikawa Atsuko , Sakai Atsushi , Misawa Norihiko , Wanibuchi Hideki , Azumi Atsushi , Honda Shigeru
Published: March 2021

Conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common ocular surface neoplasia. The purpose of this retrospective study was to examine the role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) activity in tumor immunity and investigate the tumor microenvironment as a new treatment focus in conjunctival SCC. A cancer progression gene array analysis and Immunohistochemical analysis of FOXP3 as Treg marker, CD8 as Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte marker, and CXCR4 expression on activate Treg was also examined in a series of 31 conjunctival SCC cases. To investigate the localization of FOXP3-positive Tregs in detail, the tumor surface, tumor central, and around vessels staining patterns of FOXP3, CD8, and CXCR4 were examined separately. A significant difference in FOXP3, CD8, and CXCR4 staining in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and FOXP3/CD8 ratio were in the carcinoma in situ group than advanced stage SCC group(each P < 0.01). In addition, FOXP3/CD8 ratio was correlation with progression-free survival. Double immunostaining of CXCR4/FOXP3 correlate with American Joint Committee on Cancer T-stage, independent of age or Ki67 index(P༜0.01). Our results show that FOXP3, the FOXP3/CD8 ratio, and the CXCR4 axis are important pathologic and prognostic factors of ocular surface neoplasia, including SCC. These tumor microenvironment of conjunctival SCC may be considered in the future development of treatment options.
ORANI-SL – A Computable General Equilibrium Model to Assess the Climate Change Impacts on Agriculture in Sri Lanka Developing a CGE database for ORANI-SL
Authors: Abeysekara Walimuni Chamindri Sewanka Mendis , Siriwardana Mahinda , Meng Samuel
Published: March 2021

This paper presents a detailed technical description of features added to the standard ORANI model to construct a CGE for Sri Lanka, namely, ORANI- SL. The model distinguishes between rain-fed and irrigated agricultural land and introduces water as a production factor. In addition, the new production structure offers the option of substitution between rain-fed and irrigated agricultural lands. The paper also describes the model's database and the steps of the data transformation process from the latest available input-output table of Sri Lanka to the ORANI-SL database, which is necessary for model simulation. The new model could be used to analyse the economy wide impacts of climate change in Sri Lanka, study the economic implications of increased irrigation capacity or sustainable water usage in Sri Lanka, and evaluate the efficacy of various other adaptive strategies to cope with the impacts of climate change. In addition this model can be easily adapted to another country.
Whole genome sequence analysis of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from clinical mastitis and non-clinical fresh cows
Authors: Silva Nathália C.C. , Rodrigues Marjory X. , Tomazi Ana C.C.H. , Tomazi T. , Crippa Bruna L. , Bicalho Rodrigo C.
Published: March 2021

Background

Staphylococcus spp. are among the most isolated bacteria from cases of clinical and subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle. Also, Staphylococcus is commonly isolated from bovine mammary secretions, not exclusively from intramammary infections. The genus comprises bacteria capable to form biofilm, produce toxins and acquire multi-drug resistance. The aims of this work were to evaluate the genetic virulence and antimicrobial resistance features of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from bovine milk using whole genome sequencing, and build a phylogenetic tree with gene sequences of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from clinical mastitis and non-clinical fresh cows.
Results

The bacterial collection comprised 29 Staphylococcus strains isolated from clinical mastitis cases (n = 7) and milk samples collected from fresh cows (n = 22). Strains were identified as Staphylococcus aureus (n = 2), Staphylococcus chromogenes (n = 19), and Staphylococcus haemolyticus (n = 8). After sequences quality control, twenty-three strains had good quality of contigs to be included in the further analysis.
Conclusions

Ninety-four virulence genes were observed, including pvl, icaA, icaD and MMSCRAMS genes. We also detected important resistance genes as blaZ, ant(4), erm(B), fexA, lnu(D), tet(L) and tet(M). The phylogenetic tree related the species as expected and presented four clades.
Behavior and properties of water in silicate melts under deep mantle conditions
Authors: Karki Bijaya , Ghosh Dipta B. , Karato Shun-ichiro
Published: March 2021

Water (H2O) as one of the most abundant fluids present in Earth plays crucial role in the generation and transport of magmas in the interior. Though hydrous silicate melts have been studied extensively, the experimental data are confined to relatively low pressures and the computational results are still rare. Moreover, these studies imply large differences in the way water influences the physical properties of silicate magmas, such as density and electrical conductivity. Here, we invesigate the equation of state, speciation, and transport properties of water dissolved in Mg1 − xFexSiO3 and Mg2(1−x)Fe2xSiO4 melts (for x = 0 and 0.25) as well as in its bulk (pure) fluid state over the entire mantle pressure regime at 2000 to 4000 K using first-principles molecular dynamics. The simulation results allow us to constrain the partial molar volume of the water component in melts along with the molar volume of pure water. The predicted volume of silicate melt + water solution is negative at low pressures but becomes zero above 15 GPa implying ideal mixing at higher pressures. Consequently, the hydrous component tends to lower the melt density to similar extent over much of the mantle pressure regime irrespective of composition. Our results also show that hydrogen diffuses fast in silicate melts and enhances the melt electrical conductivity in a way that differs from electrical conduction in the bulk water. The speciation of the water component varies considerably from the bulk water structure as well. Water is dissolved in melts mostly as hydroxyls at low pressure and as -O-H-O-, -O-H-O-H- and other extended species with increasing pressure. On the other hand, the pure water behaves as a molecular fluid below 15 GPa, gradually becoming a dissociated fluid with further compression. On the basis of modeled density and conductivity results, we suggest that partial melts containing a few percent of water may be gravitationally trapped both above and below the upper mantle-transition region. Moreover, such hydrous melts can give rise to detectable electrical conductance by means of electromagnetic sounding observations.
Developing Brain-Strain-Based Scaling to Inform the Clinical Relevance of Mouse Models of Concussion Induced by Rotation
Authors: Liu Xingyu , Lu Lihong , Bian Kewei , Brown Arthur , Mao Haojie
Published: March 2021

Background Laboratory animal experiments are an invaluable tool for studying mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI)/concussion. Among them, rodent neurotrauma experiments have been most widely used, as transgenic and gene targeting technologies in mice allow us to test the roles of different genes in recovery from brain injury. Furthermore, the clinical relevance of rodent concussion studies can be improved by using these technologies to study concussions in animals that carry the human versions of genes known to play a role in neurological disease. However, delivering concussion injuries to the mice that are relevant to real-world human head impacts is challenging, as the mouse and human heads are dramatically different in shape and size. In the vast majority of mouse concussion experiments, the pathological and behavioral consequences of the injuries are evaluated without considering whether the injury model produces brain stretches (maximum principal strains) of the same magnitude as those experienced by human brains undergoing similar impacts. Methods We conducted a total of 201 computational simulations to understand both human and mouse brain strains that are directly linked to neuronal damage during closed-head concussive impacts. To represent real-world human head impacts we simulated mouse head impacts with durations of 1.5 ms (Type 1 scaling), followed by simulations with durations between 1 and 2 ms (Type 2), and finally, simulations with durations from 0.75 to 4.5 ms (Type 3) to develop scaling between human and mouse, as well as to reveal the predicted effects of small and large changes in impact durations on brain strain. Results Guided by these simulations we calculated that peak rotational velocities in mice could be achieved by scaling human peak rotational velocities with factors of 5.8, 4.6, and 6.8, for flexion/extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation, respectively, to reach equal brain strains between human and mouse. The effects of impact durations on scaling were also calculated and longer-duration mouse head impacts needed larger scaling factors to reach equal strain. Conclusions The scaling method will help us to create brain injury in the mouse with brain strain loading equivalent to those experienced in real-world human head impacts.
Prevention of UV-Induced Skin Cancer in Mice by Gamma Oryzanol-Loaded Nanoethosomes
Authors: Zeinali Mahdi , Abbaspour-Ravasjani Soheil , Soltanfam Tannaz , Paiva-Santos Ana Cláudia , Babaei Hossein , Veiga Francisco , Hamishehkar Hamed
Published: March 2021

Skin cancer is the most widespread cancer worldwide, mainly caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UV) in sunlight. Utilizing topical preventive agents in routinely daily used cosmetics may prevent UV-related skin damages and skin cancers. γ-Oryzanol (GO) is a natural component derived from rice bran oil, with potential antioxidant and skin anti-aging properties. We biologically thorough studied the antioxidant and anticancer effects of GO in vitro to found the effective signaling pathways, then evaluated the sun protection factor of prepared formulation, and finally investigated the long-term preventive effects of GO-loaded nanoethosomes (GO-NEs) against UVB-induced skin cancer in mice. Our results suggest that GO-NEs could effectively prevent UVB-induced skin cancer and could be utilized as an innovative ingredient in cosmetics.
Effects of Curcumin on Bioavailability of Dioxin-Like Pollutants in Rats
Authors: Cai Delei , Chen Qing , Han Jianlong , Song Yanhua , Meng Zhen , Zheng Yibin , Shen Haitao
Published: March 2021

In this study, we used Sprague–Dawley rats to observe the intervention effects of curcumin on bioavailability of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs). We reported the bioavailability of tetra- to hexa-chlorinated PCDD/Fs rose gradually, while that of hepta- and octa-chlorinated PCDD/Fs declined, and no obvious change was found in the bioavailability of DL-PCBs. Curcumin markedly reduced the toxic equivalent (TEQ) of PCDD/Fs in rats, illustrating it might competitively inhibit absorption of PCDD/Fs in small intestinal epithelial cells due to the similar chemical structure (diphenyl) between curcumin and PCDD/Fs. Moreover, curcumin was capable of lowering the TEQ of DL-PCBs in the liver of male rats, but caused no changes in female rats. In conclusion, the prominent decline in the bioavailability of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs induced by curcumin may serve as one of the detoxification mechanisms of curcumin for these pollutants.
Improved perioperative outcomes and reduced inflammatory stress response in malignant robotic-assisted colorectal resections: a retrospective cohort study of 298 patients
Authors: Cuk Pedja , Simonsen Randi Maria , Komljen Mirjana , Nielsen Michael Festersen , Helligsø Per , Pedersen Andreas Kristian , Mogensen Christian Backer , Ellebæk Mark Bremholm
Published: March 2021

Background

Robotic-assisted surgery is increasingly implemented for the resection of colorectal cancer, although the scientific evidence for adopting this technique is still limited. This study's main objective was to compare short-term complications, oncological outcomes, and the inflammatory stress response after colorectal resection for cancer performed laparoscopic or robotic-assisted.
Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study comparing the robotic-assisted approach to laparoscopic surgery for elective malignant colorectal neoplasm. Certified colorectal and da Vinci ® robotic surgeons performed resections at a Danish tertiary colorectal high volume centre from May 2017 – March 2019. We analyzed the two surgical groups using uni- and multivariate regression analyses to detect differences in intra- and postoperative clinical outcomes and the inflammatory stress response.
Results

Two hundred and ninety-eight patients were enrolled in the study. Significant differences favoring robotic-assisted surgery was demonstrated for; length of hospital stay (4 days, interquartile range (4–5) versus 5 days, interquartile range (4–7), p < 0.001) and intraoperative blood loss (50 mL, interquartile range (20–100) versus 100 mL, interquartile range (50–150), p < 0.001) compared to laparoscopic surgery. The inflammatory stress response was significantly higher after laparoscopic compared to robotic-assisted surgery reflected by an increase in C-reactive protein concentration (exponentiated coefficient = 1.20, 95% confidence interval (1.04–1.40), p < 0.001). No differences between the two groups were found concerning mortality, microradical resection rate, conversion to open surgery and surgical or medical short-term complications.
Conclusion

Robotic-assisted surgery is feasible and can be safely implemented for colorectal resections. The robotic-assisted approach, when compared to laparoscopic surgery, was associated with improved intra- and postoperative outcomes. Extensive prospective studies are needed to determine the short and long-term outcomes of robotic surgery for colorectal cancer.
Starting Anti-COVID-19 Drug Discovery with Natural Products
Authors: SILVA OSMAR NASCIMENTO , Neves Bruno , Rosseto Lucimar , Moura Rodrigo , Napolitano Hamilton , Brito Wesley , Fajemiroye James , Pinto Emerith , Perjési Pál , Martins José
Published: March 2021

COVID-19 was characterized as a pandemic regarding its rapid international spread and severity on March 2020. The Coronaviridae family receives this name regarding the organization of the spike glycoprotein located in the envelope, which resembles a stellar corona when observed under a microscope. Coronaviruses undergo frequent mutations in their genome due to errors made by RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). The SARS-CoV-2 was characterized by high infectivity and person to person transmission, with an incubation period of up to fourteen days. Potent antiviral activities of several natural products such as alkaloids, chalcones, triterpenoids have been reported but with unconfirmed efficacy or safety in the clinic as well as the complete underlying mechanisms. Also, CQ, HCQ and Ivermectin, remdesivir, lopinavir, ritonavir, favipiravir and pegylated interferon with ribavirin have been tested to develop both an effective therapy and a vaccine to treat COVID-19.  This study presents the antiviral eﬀects of the natural products against SARS-CoV, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43 showing that Lycorine, Emodin, Promazine, Saikosaponins B2, Silvestrol, Cepharanthine, Fangchinoline, Tetrandrine, Caffeic acid, Chlorogenic acid, Gallic acid and Emetine are a good candidates on treatment of coronaviruses infections.
Listado florístico y comunidades vegetales del Cerro Giubldan, San Bartolomé Quialana, Oaxaca, México
Authors: Aragón-Parada Juvenal , García-Mendoza Abisaí Josué , González-Adame Gabriel
Published: March 2021

Antecedentes y Objetivos: Oaxaca, con más de 9362 especies de plantas vasculares y 26 tipos de vegetación, es el estado con mayor diversidad florística en México. Sin embargo, el conocimiento florístico de grandes extensiones de su territorio aún se desconoce. El Cerro Giubldan está ubicado en el municipio San Bartolomé Quialana, distrito Tlacolula, región de los Valles Centrales, Oaxaca, México, y no posee ningún estudio referente a su flora y vegetación. Este trabajo tiene como objetivos el presentar el inventario florístico del Cerro Giubldan, identificar las familias y géneros con mayor y menor representatividad y describir las comunidades vegetales presentes y la superficie que ocupan.
Métodos: De 2012 a 2015 se realizaron salidas de campo para recolectar plantas con estructuras reproductivas, las cuales fueron procesadas y posteriormente depositadas en los herbarios HUNSIJ, IBUG, IEB y MEXU. Los ejemplares fueron identificados con claves, el apoyo de especialistas y cotejados con material del herbario MEXU y la base de datos REMIB.
Resultados clave: La flora vascular comprendió 100 familias, 308 géneros y 535 especies. Las familias más diversas fueron Asteraceae (81), Fabaceae (47), Orchidaceae (30), Lamiaceae (18), Asparagaceae (15) y Crassulaceae (15). Los géneros más ricos fueron Salvia (14), Quercus (9), Agave (7), Echeveria (7), Solanum (7) y Lamourouxia (6). Se registraron 167 especies endémicas de México y 43 de Oaxaca; ocho representan nuevos registros a nivel específico para el estado. Se describieron y caracterizaron cuatro comunidades vegetales: bosque de Quercus seco, bosque de Quercus húmedo, matorral xerófilo y comunidad rupícola.
Conclusiones: La mayor riqueza de especies vegetales se concentró en 15 familias representadas por hierbas, arbustos y árboles. El bosque de Quercus seco registró la mayor diversidad, seguido del bosque de Quercus húmedo y el matorral xerófilo.
Singapore’s Experience with Digital Technology in COVID-19 Epidemiological Investigations and Outbreak Management (Preprint)
Authors: Sayampanathan Andrew Arjun , Wong Abigail W L , Phua Hwee Pin , Pang Junxiong , Teoh Yee Leong , Lee Vernon J
Published: March 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

Singapore invested heavily in its digital infrastructure to strengthen the public health management of COVID-19. These included the adoption of contact tracing technology and information integration platforms. This article describes the various technology utilised specifically for epidemiological investigations and outbreak management during the COVID-19 pandemic, together with their limitations and ethical considerations.
Effect of Antioxidant and Pro-oxidant on the Stability of Microencapsulated Squalene by Spray Drying
Authors: Ayuni Dwi , Karyadi Joko Nugroho Wahyu , Saputro Arifin Dwi , Yoshii Hidefumi
Published: March 2021

Natural hydrocarbon compounds are extremely in high demand across various applications. For instance, squalene (SQ) is widely used in cosmetic and food supplement industries, due to beneficial health components. The aim of this study was to investigate the potentials of antioxidant addition on the physical properties, as well as SQ stability in spray-dried powder at various oil droplet diameters (0.3 – 4 µm). Rosemary oil extract served as antioxidant, while iron (II) sulfate accelerated the oxidation. Subsequently, SQ stability was evaluated at four separate temperatures, termed 25, 50, 70, and 105°C, after one month storage. Also, the morphological structures of the samples were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed the oil droplet diameter influenced the physical properties of SQ, as lesser drip sizes were known to enhance material strength. Furthermore, antioxidant inclusion proved to be effective in inhibiting oxidation, particularly in powders with extensive oil droplet diameter. Therefore, high regression coefficients (R2 > 0.97) and reduced chi-square confirmed Weibull model acceptance in predicting the retention of SQ content.
The study on the effectiveness of soft skill subjects in Public TVET Institutes in Bhutan
Authors: Pelzang Yonten
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study is to find out the effectiveness of soft skills subjects being taught in Public TVET Institute in Bhutan. The study was conducted using a mixed-mode research approach. A total of 30 TVET graduates were involved as respondents in collecting data for this research. The primary data for the study were collected through structured questions and informal interviews from the respondents. The data were analyzed through the process of thematic data analysis. The findings of this study revealed that the effectiveness of soft skill subjects taught and learned in the public Institutes was mostly effective. The graduates who got enrolled in Institute after their 12th standard have different views on its effectiveness than the graduates who got enrolled in the same Institute after the 10th standard. The study concluded that a technical skill has the power to facilitate gainful employment, but soft skill can magically sustain them in the organization.
Nota del Director
Authors: Torza Alessandro
Published: March 2021

Resumen
OS CÓDIGOS AMAZÔNICOS DA POESIA “INTRAMUROS”, DE ASTRID CABRAL
Authors: Silva Douglas Rosa da
Published: March 2021

CABRAL, Astrid. Intramuros. 2ª Ed. Manaus: Editora Valer, 2011, 118 p.
A PAISAGEM SONORA NA NARRATIVA GÓTICA: UM PANORAMA.
Authors: Werlang Gérson
Published: March 2021

O surgimento do romance gótico em meados do século XVIII provocou uma pequena revolução literária, não reconhecida imediatamente pela crítica, mas que traria inumeráveis frutos nos dois séculos e meio seguintes. A publicação do seminal Castelo de Otranto, de Horace Walpole, provocaria e desequilibraria a balança literária do período, mexendo com a imaginação do público e de escritores que seguiriam a tradição do gênero. A maquinaria gótica incluía, a princípio, castelos medievais, torres fantasmagóricas, fantasmas reais ou imaginados, e toda uma figuração que seria seguida e transformada posteriormente. Este ensaio propõe-se a fazer um voo panorâmico por um aspecto muitas vezes negligenciado na narrativa gótica: o som, analisado aqui desde O Castelo de Otranto até O Retrato de Dorian Gray. Assim como o aspecto visual incluía elementos peculiares, também os aspectos sonoros possuíam características bem definidas, posteriormente imitadas, modificadas e ampliadas de acordo com a gênese de cada obra.
Colchicine is an effective treatment for late onset AV-block caused by radiofrequency catheter ablation
Authors: Hoshiyama Tadashi , Noda Katsuo , Tsujita Kenichi
Published: March 2021

We present a case of complete atrioventricular (AV) block following slow
pathway ablation for atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia
(AVNRT) treated only by colchicine administration. The patient’s
electrocardiogram showed complete AV-block at two weeks after catheter
ablation. Colchicine is effective for late-onset AV-block caused by
catheter ablation for AVNRT.
WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF SMALL SIZE URETERAL ACCESS SHEAT ON URETERAL STRICTURE DURING RETROGRADE INTRARENAL SURGERY?: A ONE-YEAR FOLLOW-UP.
Authors: güzel özer , Balci Melih , Tuncel Altug , Asfuroglu Ahmet , Aykanat Can , Aslan Yilmaz
Published: March 2021

Aim: To analyze the ureteral injury and incidence of ureteral stricture
in a series of patients who underwent retrograde intrarenal surgery with
using smallest ureteral access sheath. Materials and Methods: Between
September 2016 and March 2019, 154 consecutive retrograde intrarenal
surgery procedures with adjunctive use of an ureteral access sheath for
kidney stone were prospectively included the study. A 9.5/11.5-F
ureteral access sheath was used during procedures. The patients were
evaluated in terms of intraoperative postoperative and late
complications. Ureteral injuries after retrograde intrarenal surgery
were assessed visually with flexible and semirigid ureterorenoscope. All
patients were evaluated by computed tomographic urography in the first
year after treatment for detection of ureteral stricture. Results: The
mean age of the patients was 47±15 (12-81) years. Of the patients, 86
were male and 68 were female. Mean stone size was 17.1±8 (7-40) mm and
mean operative time was 56±23 (30-120) minutes. Overall 79.9% of
patients had evidence of injury to the ureter wall. Non-significant
lesion (grade 0) was seen in 39.0% of patients. Grade 1 lesions were
assigned in 40.9% of patients. There were no grade 2 and higher lesions
detected. A total of 5 patients (3.2%) had minor complications. Urinary
sepsis developed as a major complication in 3 patients (1.9%). No
ureteral stricture was detected in the patients at first year control.
Conclusions: The results of our series indicate that the 9.5/11.5-F
ureteral access sheath is safe for routine use to facilitate flexible
ureteroscopy and there was no long-term adverse effect.
Caries Management by Risk Assessment vs. Traditional Preventive Strategies: Effect on Oral Health Behaviors and Caries Diagnoses
Authors: Kriegler Krista , Blue Christine
Published: March 2021

The objective of this study was to determine whether a caries management
by risk assessment (CAMBRA) tool improves oral self-care behaviors and
decreases caries diagnoses as compared to traditional oral health
education strategies. Findings show patients with a CAMBRA lowered their
caries risk as evidenced by lower plaque index scores.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Permainan Truth and Dare Pada Mata Pelajaran Akuntansi Dasar Kelas X Akuntansi Di SMK Negeri 1 Sambeng Lamongan
Authors: Permana Andi , Rochmawati Rochmawati
Published: March 2021

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran permainan truth and dare dengan subyek penelitian adalah siswa kelas X kompetensi keahlian akuntansi pada mata pelajaran akuntansi dasar sub pokok bahasan siklus akuntansi dan penjurnalan. Pengembangan penelitian ini mengadopsi model 4D dari Thiagarajan, yaitu pendefinisian, perancangan, pengembangan, dan penyebaran. Hasil validasi dan telaah penelitian ini menunjukkan kelayakan media sebesar 96% dan kelayakan materi memperoleh rata-rata sebesar 91% dengan kriteria sangat layak. Kata Kunci: Media pembelajaran, Permainan truth and dare, Akuntansi dasarAbstractThe research is aimed to develop media truth and dare game as for the subjects of the study were the students of X Grade from accounting competency departement on topic of basic accounting of the accounting and journalizing cycle. This study adopted Thiagarajan 4D model consist of define, design, develop, and dissamenate. The result of the validation and study of this study indicate the feasibility of the media 96% and the feasibility of the material to get an average of 91% with very decent criteria.
«SILVIO EN EL ROSEDAL», DE RIBEYRO: CUANDO EL MEDIO ES EL FIN
Authors: Olay Valdés Rodrigo
Published: March 2021

Este trabajo aborda un análisis interpretativo del relato “Silvio en El Rosedal” (1977) del escritor peruano Julio Ramón Ribeyro mediante el estudio de sus implicaciones simbólicas y de su construcción narrativa. La lectura propuesta se centrará en la construcción simbólica del relato, dado que constantemente aparecen elementos que propician una interpretación metafísica del cuento. Además, la pieza contiene ciertas claves autobiográficas que pueden explicar algunas de las particularidades del personaje de Silvio.
“EL HOMBRE SIRENA” DE SAMANTA SCHWEBLIN, O LOS ELEMENTOS NEOFANTÁSTICOS EN LA CONTEMPORANEIDAD
Authors: Sánchez Rivera Jorge Antonio
Published: March 2021

Samanta Schweblin se ha consagrado como una de las escritoras contemporáneas más leídas y sus cuentos han sido abordados desde diversas ópticas teóricas que incluyen lo fantástico o lo siniestro. Sin embargo, algunos de sus relatos se pueden analizar desde la poética de lo neofantástico porque estos difieren de otros géneros en su visión, intención y modo de operar. Varios de sus relatos utilizan una metáfora epistemológica para explorar el propósito principal de la ficción neofantástica: el ser humano contemporáneo y su mundo. Precisamente, Schweblin logra entrever dentro de sus cuentos situaciones que atañen a lo que Giorgio Agamben define como “lo contemporáneo”. Así, pues, este artículo examinará el cuento “El hombre sirena” para demostrar que la autora se vale de la poética de lo neofantástico para explorar y profundizar en la sociedad contemporánea y en conceptos como el androcentrismo, el falogocentrismo y el deseo de libertad de la mujer.
“Old Civilized Asian States”: the Perception of Eurasian Space by Russian Public Figures and Publicists at the End of the 19th and Beginning of the 20th Centuries
Authors: Polunov Alexander Yu.
Published: March 2021

The article analyzes the issue of conceptualization by Russian public leaders and publicists of the causes and goals of the turn of Russian foreign policy to the East at the end of the 19th century. In those years there took shape the idea of specific eastern mission of Russia that influenced later the configuring of Eurasian ideology. At the same time the ideological constructions of the publicists at the end of the 19th century were rather peculiar. In contrast to the Eurasians those authors paid special attention to the “old civilized states in Asia”, like Persia and China. The necessity to support the Celestial Empire and the Christian communities in Persia was determined, according to those publicists, by Russia’s duty to protect the weak. Besides, China was viewed as the state with established autocracy concept that was very important for Russia. At the beginning of the 20th century the ideas of the “orientalists” and other publicists contemplating Russia’s special mission in Asia, lost their former influence. Their distant echo can be found in the program of the prominent White movement leader baron R.F. Ungern, who brought forward the idea of establishing a Pan-Asian monarchy relying on China during Civil War.
Service Quality Performance Matrix Applied in School Sports Facilities
Authors: HUNG Chang Hung , SU Jung Chi , WU Lee Lan
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.From the viewpoint of marketing, schools open sports facilities to the public is the same as the service industry. It is a significant index and challenge in successful management if the service quality satisfies customers. In this articles, base on a standardized service quality performance matrix which proposed by Hung et al., the satisfaction index(Ix) and expectation index (Iy) were used to build a service quality performance matrix with 16 quality zone. The managers can use service quality performance matrix to improve service quality. The satisfaction index and expectation index of the service items must be located in the service quality performance matrix Bij. Thus, the managers can measure the quality performance value r and draw up a tactic to improve service quality.以行銷觀點而言，校園運動設施開放使用，就如同服務業，其服務品質能否達到顧客的滿意，為評估營運成功與否的重要指標與挑戰。本文根據Hung等人所提之標準化的服務品質績效矩陣的概念，定義本文滿意度指標(Ix)及重視度指標(Iy)，建構一個16區塊的服務品質績效矩陣。管理者只需依服務要項的滿意度指標及重視度指標所在服務品質績效矩陣位置Bij，即可評量出各服務項的品質績效值r，並擬定出服務品質的改善的順序與策略。
Authentic Assessment to Enhance Student Learning in Primary School Physical Education
Authors: TAN Steven Kwang San , WRIGHT Steven
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.There has been an effort to introduce the notion of authentic assessment to physical education teachers as part of the current reform movement within physical education. However, the marginalized status of physical education has not helped the move towards authentic assessment modes that authenticate both students' learning and achievement. Traditional assessment practices, when used in Singapore primary schools, are limited predominantly to measuring students' attributes such as physical fitness and sport and movement competency, and much less their cognitive and affective abilities. The problems of traditional assessment modes across different learning domains are discussed in this paper. A variety of authentic assessment options available to physical education teachers are also highlighted, together with some concerns and challenges with the implementation of these strategies effectively.向體育敎師介紹真實性評價的理念已成為體育學科目前正在進行的改革運動中的一項內容。然而，體育課的副課性阻礙了體育課向真實性評價模式的靠攏。新加坡小學一貫採用的傳統評估模式大多局限於測量學生的身體機能，例如體能和運動能力，而很少測量學生的認知和情感能力。本文對傳統評價模式在不同學習領域中存在的問題進行了討論。在著重介紹各種適用於體育敎學的真實性評價方法的同時，本文也提出了有效實施這些方法可能面臨的問題和挑戰。
Structural Validity of Leisure Satisfaction Scale for Hong Kong Adults
Authors: FUNG Lena , TSAI Eva
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.The purpose of this study was to assess the structural validity of the Leisure Satisfaction Scale proposed by Beard and Ragheb (l980) as applied to Chinese adults. A Chinese version of the Leisure Satisfaction scale (short form) was used to measure the levels of leisure satisfaction of 455 Chinese adults in Hong Kong. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling (LISREL 8.7) to test the six-factor model structure. The six dimensions of leisure satisfaction were Psychological, Educational, Social, Relaxational, Physiological, and Environmental Satisfaction factors. The findings of the study suggested that the six-factor structure proposed by Beard and Ragheb fit the data of the Hong Kong adults. However, one item "I engage in leisure activities because I like doing them" has a very weak factor loading on the Relaxation factor and did not seem to effectively represent relaxation satisfaction.本研究之目的是評估由Beard and Ragheb (1980)設想及制定的休間滿意量表在結構上之可靠性。是次研究以休間滿意量表(中文版)來量度四百五十五名香港成年人對休間的滿意程度，並以結構方程式(LISREL 8.7)驗證六個休閒滿意因素的結構模式。此六個休閒滿意因素分別為：與心理相關的滿意因素、敎育相關的滿意因素、社會相關的滿意因素、鬆弛相關的滿意因素、生理相關的滿意因素及環境相關的滿意因素。是次研究發現，Beard and Ragheb 所提出的六個休閒滿意因素的結構與香港成年人的數據吻合。然而，「我參與休間活動是因為我喜歡投入那些活動」這一項在與鬆弛相關的因素中之因素負載量極低。因此，這項目 似乎未能有效地反映與鬆弛相關的滿足感。
Relationship between Physical Activity and Physical Fitness of Ellisras Rural Primary School Children of South Africa
Authors: MONYEKI M. A. , KOPPES L. L. J. , KEMPER H. C. G. , MONYEKI K. D. , TORIOLA A. L. , PIENAAR A. E. , TWISK J. W. R.
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between physical activity and fitness in 212 South African rural primary school children. A questionnaire was used to gather physical activities performed during the whole week. The results show a few significant relationships between physical activity and sit-ups, shuttle run and 1600m run in girls, but none in boys. The gender difference may be explained by a ceiling effect in boys. The general absence of significant findings may be explained by the low nutritional status, unrecorded physical activity duration, high levels of physical activity, and heterogeneity in growth and maturation.本文旨在探討南非鄉鎮地區小學生身體活動量與體適能的關係，以問卷方式進行調查學童過去一星期的身體活動量，結果顯示女學童的身體活動量與仰臥起坐，來回跑及一千六百米跑有顯著相關，而男生的活動量與體適能卻沒有相關，這現象可能受其他因素影響所致。
Class Management of In-Service Physical Education Student Teachers
Authors: CRUZ Alberto
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.Classroom management is essential to effective teaching. However, there is little information about how physical education student teachers manage their classes. Berliner (1988) proposed five stages of learning to teach and argued that experience is a predominant element to the development of expertise in pedagogy. Cruz (2000) suggested that the in-service student teachers taught better than their pre-service counter-parts as they had more in-field experience. The purpose of the study was to examine the class management practices of in-service physical education student teachers. Three in-service student teachers were randomly selected and invited to participate in the study. They were observed teaching two ball games lessons and took part in two pre-lesson interviews and two post-lesson stimulated recall sessions. Qualitative data were collected through lesson observations and interviews. Constant comparison and analytic induction were used to organize and categorize the data. Results showed that there were common managerial behaviours and management strategies adopted by the student teachers during teaching. Teaching style, organization and supporting were the identical managerial behaviours observed, whilst the preventive management, equipment management and interactive class management were the common class management strategies identified. The findings hold implications for the preparation of physical education teachers.班級經營與敎學效能息息相關。Berliner(1988)提出五階段學習歷程理論及敎學經驗為發展成敎學專家主要元素。Cruz(2000)指出在職師訓學生的敎學表現較職前師訓學生為佳是他們有較多實踐經驗。本研究目的是探討在職師訓學生的班級經營行為及策略。三位在職師訓學生被隨機抽樣參與此研究。他們被觀察兩敎節球類課及接受兩次課前訪問及課後刺激回憶訪談。其後以持續比較法分析蒐集資料。結果顯示師訓學生有其共通班級經營行為策略及給予體育師資培訓啟示。
Physique and Physical Fitness of Rural South African Primary School Netball Players and Non-netball Players: Ellisras Longitudinal Study
Authors: MAKGAE PJ , MOTLOKOA G. L. , MASHITA R. J. , MONYEKI K. D.
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.The aim of this study was to investigate physique and fitness level of primary school netball players and non-net ball players. A total of 426 primary school children (138 netball players and 288 non-netball players) who are part of the Ellisras Longitudinal Study participated in the study. Height, weight, skinfolds measurements (triceps, subscapular, supraspinale and medial calf) girth measurements (arm flexed and tensed and calf girth) and width measurements (femur and humerus) were measured according to the protocol of the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK). The Heath-Carter method of somatotyping was used to determine the somatotype level of all the players. Fitness level of each subjects was obtained through the Eurofit (1988) and the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD) (1980). Netball players dominated the mosomorphic ectomorph (25.9%) and Balance ectomorph (19.6%) while the non-netball players dominated the ectomorphic mesomorph (22.9%) and mesomorphic ectomorph (21.2%) category. The netball players performed significantly well in shuttle run (22.2 sd 1.6) and 22.7 sd 2.2) and 50m (9.5s sd 1.2 and 9.9 1.0) sprint as compared to non-netball players. Further research in the somatotype and fitness level of netball players in their different playing position and the Physical Education program of rural South African schools will yield valuable information for physical education teachers in assigning the players to the right position at an early age.本文旨在探討南非鄉鎮地區兒童參與投球活動的體格和體能。樣本來自426名小學生，分為投球組及非投球組，整體而言，投球組的兒童體質及體適能狀況較卓越。
Longitudinal Relationships between Nutritional Status and Educational Achievements of Ellisras Rural Children in South Africa
Authors: THEMANE M. J. , KOPPES L. L. J. , KEMPER H. C. G. , MONYEKI K. D. , TWISK J. W. R.
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the development, tracking and longitudinal relationships of nutritional status, body composition and educational achievements in rural South African children in 459 boys and 354 girls who participate in the Ellisras Longitudinal Study. Nutritional status, body composition and educational achievements were measured in 2001 and 2002. The results showed that: 1) Height for age (HAZ) decreased significantly over the one- year period whereas Weight for Age (WAZ), Body mass index (BMI) and Sum of skinfolds (SOS) did not change, and the Mathematics and English achievements increased over the one-year period. 2) High tracking coefficients were found for HAZ, WAZ, BMI, while SOS showed low to moderate tracking and Mathematics and English showed no tracking. 3) Significant relationships between changes in nutritional status and changes in educational achievements were found for boys only.

本文旨在探討南非鄉鎮地區小學生身體營養水平與學業的關係。以問卷方式進行調查，訪問了 813名學童，並評估他們的營 養狀況。結果顯示出男生的營養水平與學業呈現關係。