bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abnormal Pain Response After a Compensable Shoulder Injury
Authors: Razmjou Helen , Boljanovic Dragana , Elmaraghy Amr , Macritchie Iona , Roknic Carolyn , Medeiros Danielle , Richards Robin R.
Published: November 2017

Background:

The role of psychosocial factors has been established in patients with shoulder abnormalities. However, the prevalence of exaggerated pain behaviors and their association with the characteristics of injured workers have not been well studied.

Purpose:

To examine the prevalence of abnormal pain responses (APRs) in workers with active workers’ compensation claims for a shoulder injury and to examine the differences between workers with APRs versus workers without APRs.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

An analysis of electronic data files of injured workers was completed. An APR was defined as an exaggerated pain response during a clinical examination, including facial grimacing, shaking, withdrawal, nonanatomic dermatome or myotome disturbances, increased tenderness, regional symptoms, and verbal utterances such as groaning, moaning, or gasping. To control for potential confounders, patients with positive APRs (APR group) were matched with injured workers without APRs (control group) seen in the same clinic and matched for sex, age, and surgical candidacy.

Results:

Data from 1000 workers who had sustained a shoulder injury at work and who were referred for an early assessment by an orthopaedic surgeon and a physical therapist were reviewed. A total of 86 (9%) injured workers (mean age, 47 ± 11 years; 55 [64%] female) demonstrated APRs and were matched with 86 injured workers without APRs. There were no statistically significant between-group differences in the wait time, mechanism of injury, coexisting comorbidity, type of abnormality, or medication consumption. The APR group reported higher levels of disability ( P < .0001) and psychological problems ( P < .0001), presented with more inconsistency in range of motion ( P = .04), and had more limitations at work ( P = .02).

Conclusion:

The presence of an APR after a compensable shoulder injury was associated with higher reports of disability and psychological problems. Patients with positive APRs were more likely to be off work and less likely to perform full duties.
Oral and Blood Neutrophil Activation States during Experimental Gingivitis
Authors: Wellappuli N.C. , Fine N. , Lawrence H.P. , Goldberg M. , Tenenbaum H.C. , Glogauer M.
Published: November 2017

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are the primary leukocytes present in the healthy and inflamed oral cavity. While unique PMN activation states have been shown to differentiate health and periodontitis, little is known about the changes in PMN activation states that occur during the transition from periodontal health to gingivitis. The objective of this study was to characterize oral and circulatory PMNs during induction and resolution of experimental gingivitis. Healthy volunteers were recruited to undergo experimental gingivitis. Clinical assessment of pocket depths, bleeding on probing, gingival index, and plaque index, as well as flow cytometric analysis of CD (cluster of differentiation) activation markers on blood and oral PMNs, was performed weekly. All clinical parameters increased significantly during the induction period and returned to baseline levels during the resolution phase. During the induction phase, while oral PMN counts increased, oral PMN activation state based on surface expression of CD63, CD11b, CD16, and CD14 was diminished compared to those seen in health and during the resolution phase. PMNs in circulation during onset showed increased activation based on CD55, CD63, CD11b, and CD66a. Using clinical parameters and oral PMN counts assessed at day 21, we noted 2 unique disease patterns where one-third of subjects displayed an exaggerated influx of oral PMNs with severe inflammation compared to the majority of the population who experienced a moderate level of inflammation and PMN influx. This supports the notion that PMN influx and severe inflammatory changes during gingivitis could identify subjects at risk for the development of severe gingival inflammation and progression toward destructive periodontitis. This study demonstrates that oral PMN activation states are reduced in gingivitis and suggest that only in periodontitis do PMNs become hyperactivated and tissue damaging.

Knowledge Transfer Statement: Our article creates a paradigm for future studies of the evolution of essential oral and circulatory biomarkers to identify individuals at risk to develop periodontitis at an early stage of periodontal disease, which is reversible upon proper oral hygiene practices and dental treatments.
Prochemerin cleavage by factor XIa links coagulation and inflammation
Authors: Ge Xiaomei , Yamaguchi Yasuto , Zhao Lei , Bury Loredana , Gresele Paolo , Berube Caroline , Leung Lawrence L. , Morser John
Published: November 2017

Key Points

Inactive prochemerin is activated in plasma by coagulation enzymes to active chemerin forms that are adipokines and chemoattractants. FXIa cleaves prochemerin, forming a partially active intermediate that is then fully activated by plasma basic carboxypeptidases.
Chromatin modifying gene mutations in follicular lymphoma
Authors: Green Michael R.
Published: November 2017

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent malignancy of germinal center B cells. Although the overall survival of FL patients has recently improved with the introduction of novel therapies, there is significant heterogeneity in patient outcome and a need for rationally designed therapeutic strategies that target disease biology. Next-generation sequencing studies have identified chromatin modifying gene (CMG) mutations as a hallmark of FL, highlighting epigenetic modifiers as an attractive therapeutic target in this disease. Understanding the complex roles of these mutations will be central to identifying and adaptively targeting associated vulnerabilities. Recent studies have provided insight into the functional consequences of the most frequently mutated CMGs (KMT2D, CREBBP, and EZH2) and point to a role for these events in modifying normal B-cell differentiation programs and impeding germinal center exit. However, the majority of FL tumors serially acquire multiple CMG mutations, suggesting that there is a level of cross talk or cooperation between these events that has not yet been defined. Here, I review the current state of knowledge on CMG mutations in FL, discuss their potential as therapeutic targets, and offer my perspective on unexplored areas that should be considered in the future.
CD38-bispecific antibody pretargeted radioimmunotherapy for multiple myeloma and other B-cell malignancies
Authors: Green Damian J. , O’Steen Shyril , Lin Yukang , Comstock Melissa L. , Kenoyer Aimee L. , Hamlin Donald K. , Wilbur D. Scott , Fisher Darrell R. , Nartea Margaret , Hylarides Mark D. , Gopal Ajay K. , Gooley Theodore A. , Orozco Johnnie J. , Till Brian G. , Orcutt Kelly D. , Wittrup K. Dane , Press Oliver W.
Published: November 2017

Key Points

A novel bispecific antibody against CD38 eradicates MM and NHL tumors in murine models. CD38-bispecific antibody pretargeting addresses limitations associated with radioimmunotherapy.
Can Chemotherapy-Related Acute Care Visits Be Accurately Identified in Administrative Data?
Authors: Krzyzanowska Monika K. , Enright Katherine , Moineddin Rahim , Yun Lingsong , Powis Melanie , Ghannam Mohammed , Grunfeld Eva
Published: November 2017

Purpose:

There is increasing interest in using administrative data to examine treatment-related complications that lead to emergency department (ED) visits or hospitalizations (H). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of billing codes for identifying chemotherapy-related acute care visits (CRVs) among women with early-stage breast cancer.

Materials and Methods:

The cohort was identified by using deterministically linked health databases and consisted of women who were diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer who started adjuvant chemotherapy between 2007 and 2009 in Ontario, Canada. A random sample of 496 patient cases was chosen as the validation cohort. Sensitivity (SN) and specificity (SP) were calculated for three scenarios: chemotherapy-related ED visit, chemotherapy-related H, and febrile neutropenia (FN)–related visit. For FN-related visits, three definitions were considered: general, moderate, and strict.

Results:

The administrative cohort consisted of 8,359 patients, 43.4% of whom had at least one ED or H, including 1,496 women who had multiple visits that resulted in 6,293 unique visits. Of these, 73.1% were considered CRVs. The algorithm performed well in identifying CRVs that included H either from ED (SN, 90%; SP, 100%) or directly from home (SN, 91%; SP, 93%), but less well for ED visits that did not result in H (SN, 65%; SP, 80%). Depending on which FN algorithm was used, 4.8% to 24% of visits were considered related. The moderate FN algorithm provided the best tradeoff between SN (69% to 97%) and SP (83% to 98%).

Conclusion:

Administrative data can be valuable in evaluating chemotherapy-related serious events. Algorithm validation in other cohorts is needed.
Health Reform and Utilization of High-Volume Hospitals for Complex Cancer Operations
Authors: Loehrer Andrew P. , Chang David C. , Song Zirui , Chang George J.
Published: November 2017

Purpose:

Underinsured patients are less likely to receive complex cancer operations at hospitals with high surgical volumes (high-volume hospitals, or HVHs), which contributes to disparities in care. To date, the impact of insurance coverage expansion on site of complex cancer surgery remains unknown.

Methods:

Using the 2006 Massachusetts coverage expansion as a natural experiment, we searched the Hospital Cost and Utilization Project state inpatient databases for Massachusetts and control states (New York, New Jersey, and Florida) between 2001 and 2011 to evaluate changes in the utilization of HVHs for resections of bladder, esophageal, stomach, pancreatic, rectal, or lung cancer after the expansion of insurance coverage. We studied nonelderly, adult patients with private insurance and those with government-subsidized or self-pay (GSSP) coverage with a difference-in-differences framework.

Results:

We studied 11,687 patients in Massachusetts and 56,300 patients in control states. Compared with control states, the 2006 Massachusetts insurance expansion was associated with a 14% increased rate of surgical intervention for GSSP patients (incident rate ratio, 1.14; P = .015), but there was no significant change in the probability of GSSP patients undergoing surgery at an HVH (1.0 percentage-point increase; P = .710). The reform was associated with no change in the uninsured payer-mix at HVHs (0.6 percentage-point increase; P = .244) and with a 5.1 percentage-point decrease for the uninsured payer mix at low-volume hospitals ( P < .001).

Conclusion:

The 2006 Massachusetts insurance expansion, a model for the Affordable Care Act, was associated with increased rates of complex cancer operations and increased insurance coverage but with no change in utilization of HVH for complex cancer operations.
Clues for Polygenic Inheritance of Pituitary Stalk Interruption Syndrome From Exome Sequencing in 20 Patients
Authors: Zwaveling-Soonawala Nitash , Alders Marielle , Jongejan Aldo , Kovačič Lidija , Duijkers Floor A , Maas Saskia M , Fliers Eric , van Trotsenburg A S Paul , Hennekam Raoul C
Published: November 2017

Context

Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) consists of a small/absent anterior pituitary lobe, an interrupted/absent pituitary stalk, and an ectopic posterior pituitary lobe. Mendelian forms of PSIS are detected infrequently (<5%), and a polygenic etiology has been suggested. GLI2 variants have been reported at a relatively high frequency in PSIS.

Objective

To provide further evidence for a non-Mendelian, polygenic etiology of PSIS.

Methods

Exome sequencing (trio approach) in 20 patients with isolated PSIS. In addition to searching for (potentially) pathogenic de novo and biallelic variants, a targeted search was performed in a panel of genes associated with midline brain development (223 genes). For GLI2 variants, both (potentially) pathogenic and relatively rare variants (<5% in the general population) were studied. The frequency of GLI2 variants was compared with that of a reference population.

Results

We found four additional candidate genes for isolated PSIS (DCHS1, ROBO2, CCDC88C, and KIF14) and one for syndromic PSIS (KAT6A). Eleven GLI2 variants were present in six patients. A higher frequency of a combination of two GLI2 variants (M1352V + D1520N) was found in the study group compared with a reference population (10% vs 0.68%). (Potentially) pathogenic variants were identified in genes associated with midline brain anomalies, including holoprosencephaly, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and absent corpus callosum and in genes involved in ciliopathies.

Conclusion

Combinations of variants in genes associated with midline brain anomalies are frequently present in PSIS and sustain the hypothesis of a polygenic cause of PSIS.
Αξιολόγηση κοινωνικών δεξιοτήτων σε μαθητές με Διαταραχή Αυτιστικού Φάσματος
Authors: Παπαευσταθίου Ελπίς , Συριοπούλου-Δελλή Χριστίνα
Published: November 2017

Η έρευνα εξετάζει τις κοινωνικές δεξιότητες μαθητών με διαταραχή αυτιστικού φάσματος (ΔΑΦ). Οι κοινωνικές τους δεξιότητες με μεταβλητές όπως το φύλο, η ηλικία, η ύπαρξη νοητικής καθυστέρησης (Ν.Κ.), η ανάπτυξη λόγου, το είδος του σχολείου καθώς και η αλληλεπίδραση της Ν.Κ. με τον λόγο συσχετίστηκαν για τον εντοπισμό διαφορών. Για την εκπόνηση της έρευνας χορηγήθηκε ένα δομημένο ερωτηματολόγιο βασισμένο στο Autism Social Skills Profile (Bellini & Hopf, 2007), σε εκπαιδευτικούς πρωτοβάθμιας και δευτεροβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης στη Βόρεια Ελλάδα για την αξιολόγηση 63 μαθητών με ΔΑΦ.Σύμφωνα με τα αποτελέσματα οι μαθητές με ΔΑΦ έχουν φτωχές κοινωνικές δεξιότητες. Η Ν.Κ., ο λόγος και το είδος του σχολείου βρέθηκε πως ανήκουν στους παράγοντες που σχετίζονται με τις κοινωνικές δεξιότητες των μαθητών με ΔΑΦ. Από την άλλη, δεν βρέθηκε κάποιου είδους συσχέτιση με το φύλο, την ηλικία και με την αλληλεπίδραση της Ν.Κ. και του λόγου.
Σχολικός εκφοβισμός / θυματοποίηση και ΔΕΠ-Υ
Authors: Καφαλούκου Κωνσταντία
Published: November 2017

Ο Σχολικός Εκφοβισμός είναι επαναλαμβανόμενη και με διάρκεια επιθετική συμπεριφορά, που διακρίνεται από πρόθεση, ασσυμετρία δύναμης και έχει σκοπό να προξενήσει πόνο ή δυστυχία στον πιο αδύναμο (Olweus, 1993).Θυματοποίηση είναι ένα φαινόμενο κατά το οποίο άτομο ή μια ομάδα ανθρώπων βλέπουν τους εαυτούς τους ως προσβεβλημένους κατόπιν επίθεσης, κοινωνικά αποκλεισμένους ή απομονωμένους, παρενοχλημένους, να τελούν υπό απειλή ή φοβισμένους από άλλους στο κοινωνικό τους πλαίσιο (Ortega, Del Rey, & Mora-Merchan, 2004).Οι εμπλεκόμενοι σε περιστατικά Σχολικού Εκφοβισμού ως θύτες ή ως θύματα αναφέρουν αυξημένο κίνδυνο εμφάνισης προβλημάτων υγείας και χαμηλών σχολικών επιδόσεων (Olweus, 1993).Η ΔΕΠ-Υ είναι συχνά εμφανιζόμενη διαταραχή μεταξύ των μαθητών σχολικής ηλικίας που εκδηλώνουν προβλήματα συμπεριφοράς. Τα κυρίαρχα συμπτώματά της, η ελλειμματική προσοχή, η υπερκινητικότητα και η παρορμητικότητα επηρεάζουν πολλές πτυχές της καθημερινότητας στις οποίες συμπεριλαμβάνονται και οι σχέσεις με τους συνομηλίκους (Bacchini, Affuso, & Trotta, 2008).Ο Σχολικός Εκφοβισμός/ Θυματοποίηση είναι εκδηλούμενη παρατηρήσιμη συμπεριφορά με ποικίλη αιτιολογία και συνέπειες αλλά η ΔΕΠ-Υ είναι ψυχοπαθολογική διαταραχή.Οι μαθητές που έχουν διάγνωση ΔΕΠ-Υ εμπλέκονται συχνότερα σε περιστατικά Σχολικού Εκφοβισμού από συνομηλίκους τους χωρίς αντίστοιχη διάγνωση (Kumpulainen, Rasanen, & Puura, 2001). Τα αγόρια με ΔΕΠ-Υ εμπλέκονται συχνότερα ως θύτες ενώ τα κορίτσια με ΔΕΠ-Υ συχνότερα ως θύματα (Unnever & Cornel, 2003). Οι μαθητές σχολικής ηλικίας με διάγνωση ΔΕΠ-Υ γίνονται λιγότερο αποδεκτοί  από συνομηλίκους τους χωρίς διάγνωση.Εκπαιδευτικοί και γονείς μπορούν να βελτιώσουν τις κοινωνικές σχέσεις μεταξύ των παιδιών και να αντιμετωπίσουν το φαινόμενο Σχολικού Εκφοβισμού/Θυματοποίησης εφόσον αποκτήσουν γνώση των παραμέτρων φτωχών κοινωνικών δεξιοτήτων, ανάρμοστης συμπεριφοράς και μικρού ή ανύπαρκτου κύκλου φίλων που συνδέεται και με τη ΔΕΠ-Υ και με την εμπλοκή σε περιστατικά Σχολικού Εκφοβισμού/Θυματοποίησης.
Δημοτικοί Παιδικοί σταθμοί: Εκπαίδευση ή Φύλαξη; Απόψεις γονέων παιδιών προσχολικής ηλικίας από δώδεκα μηνών (12) μηνών έως πέντε (5) ετών
Authors: Κωνσταντίνου Παναγιώτα , Σταθάκης Γεώργιος
Published: November 2017

Πληθώρα μελετών στην Ελλάδα και το εξωτερικό καταδεικνύουν την σπουδαιότητα της προσχολικής αγωγής και της ευεργετικής της δράσης σε διάφορους τομείς. Η δημιουργία των παιδικών σταθμών στις μέρες μας έχει απομακρυνθεί από τον αρχικό λόγο ίδρυσης τους που δεν ήταν άλλος από την φύλαξη των ορφανών τέκνων και τέκνων εργαζομένων μητέρων.Οι βρεφονηπιακοί σταθμοί σήμερα αποτελούν δεύτερη οικογένεια και πρώτη επαφή των παιδιών με την «σχολική ζωή» και αποτελούν ξεχωριστό προπαρασκευαστικό κομμάτι της μετέπειτα πορείας τους. Όπως είναι γνωστό η διαμόρφωση του χαρακτήρα των παιδιών, έχει σαν αρχή την βρεφική κιόλας ηλικία και όχι τη νηπιακή - προσχολική όπως πιστεύονταν στο παρελθόν. Στις μέρες μας η παραπάνω θέση έχει ιδιαίτερη απήχηση στους γονείς δημιουργώντας ολοένα και περισσότερες προσδοκίες για τις δομές προσχολικής αγωγής.Σκοπός της ερευνάς αυτής είναι να δοθεί ένα είδους «βήμα» στους γονείς παιδιών προσχολικής ηλικίας προκειμένου να εκφράσουν τις απόψεις τους τόσο για το είδος των παρεχόμενων όσο και ζητούμενων υπηρεσιών που επιτελούνται μέσω των Δημοτικών παιδικών σταθμών. Στα πλαίσια της παραπάνω μελέτης θα διεξαχθούν συμπεράσματά σχετικά με την βαρύτητα που προσδίδουν οι ίδιοι οι γονείς και κηδεμόνες στην εκπαίδευση ή την φροντίδα που λαμβάνουν τα τέκνα τους σε τέτοιου είδους κέντρα προσχολικής αγωγής.
Η διδασκαλία της τέχνης μέσα από τη μελέτη ενός φυσικού φαινόμενου
Authors: Μαλάμος Θωμάς
Published: November 2017

Ένας από τους σκοπούς της εκπαίδευσης είναι μεταξύ άλλων η υιοθέτηση θετικών στάσεων και συμπεριφορών απέναντι στα έργα τέχνης, η γνωριμία, ερμηνεία, κατανόηση της ελληνικής και παγκόσμιας κληρονομιάς, ο πειραματισμός και η δημιουργία έργων τέχνης από τους ίδιους τους μαθητές.  Για την επίτευξη των παραπάνω μπορεί να αξιοποιηθεί όχι μόνο το μάθημα των Εικαστικών, αλλά και ενότητες πολλών και διαφορετικών γνωστικών αντικειμένων. Σκοπός της παρούσας εισήγησης είναι να διερευνηθεί η δυνατότητα για τη διδασκαλία της τέχνης μέσα από τη διαθεματική προσέγγιση. Ως επίκεντρο της προσέγγισης αυτής επιλέχτηκε μία ενότητα από τη Μελέτη Περιβάλλοντος και συγκεκριμένα ο κύκλος του νερού. Για την επίτευξη του σκοπού της έρευνας χρησιμοποιήθηκαν τα στάδια σχεδιασμού, ανάπτυξης και υλοποίησης ενός διδακτικού σεναρίου. Περιγράφονται αναλυτικά οι στόχοι του σεναρίου, οι φάσεις της ανάπτυξής του, οι δραστηριότητες που υλοποιήθηκαν, ο τρόπος αξιολόγησής του. Η διαθεματική προσέγγιση μπορεί να δημιουργήσει ένα νέο περιβάλλον μάθησης, να συνεισφέρει σε μία εναλλακτική πορεία κατάκτησης της γνώσης με επίκεντρο τον μαθητή και τα βιώματά του.
Is temperature an important variable in recovery after mild traumatic brain injury?
Authors: Atkins Coleen M. , Bramlett Helen M. , Dietrich W. Dalton
Published: November 2017

With nearly 42 million mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) occurring worldwide every year, understanding the factors that may adversely influence recovery after mTBI is important for developing guidelines in mTBI management. Extensive clinical evidence exists documenting the detrimental effects of elevated temperature levels on recovery after moderate to severe TBI. However, whether elevated temperature alters recovery after mTBI or concussion is an active area of investigation. Individuals engaged in exercise and competitive sports regularly experience body and brain temperature increases to hyperthermic levels and these temperature increases are prolonged in hot and humid ambient environments. Thus, there is a strong potential for hyperthermia to alter recovery after mTBI in a subset of individuals at risk for mTBI. Preclinical mTBI studies have found that elevating brain temperature to 39°C before mTBI significantly increases neuronal death within the cortex and hippocampus and also worsens cognitive deficits. This review summarizes the pathology and behavioral problems of mTBI that are exacerbated by hyperthermia and discusses whether hyperthermia is a variable that should be considered after concussion and mTBI. Finally, underlying pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for hyperthermia-induced altered responses to mTBI and potential gender considerations are discussed.
A study on the efficacy of APACHE-IV for predicting mortality and length of stay in an intensive care unit in Iran
Authors: Ghorbani Mohammad , Ghaem Haleh , Rezaianzadeh Abbas , Shayan Zahra , Zand Farid , Nikandish Reza
Published: November 2017

Background:Clinical assessment of disease severity is an important part of medical practice for prediction of mortality and morbidity in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). A disease severity scoring system can be used as guidance for clinicians for objective assessment of disease outcomes and estimation of the chance of recovery. This study aimed to evaluate the hypothesis that the mortality and length of stay in emergency ICUs predicted by APACHE-IV is different to the real rates of mortality and length of stay observed in our emergency ICU in Iran.

Methods:This was a retrospective cohort study conducted on the data of 839 consecutive patients admitted to the emergency ICU of Nemazi Hospital, Shiraz, Iran, during 2012-2015. The relevant variables were used to calculate APACHE-IV.  Length of stay and death or discharge, Glasgow coma score, and acute physiology score were also evaluated. Moreover, the accuracy of APACHE-IV for mortality was assessed using area under the Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curve.

Results:Of the studied patients, 157 died and 682 were discharged (non-survivors and survivors, respectively). The length of stay in the ICU was 10.98±14.60, 10.22 ± 14.21 and 14.30±15.80 days for all patients, survivors, and non-survivors, respectively. The results showed that APACHE-IV model underestimated length of stay in our emergency ICU (p<0.001). In addition, the overall observed mortality was 17.8%, while the predicted mortality by APACHE-IV model was 21%. Therefore, there was an overestimation of predicted mortality by APACHE-IV model, with an absolute difference of 3.2% (p=0.036).

Conclusion:The findings showed that APACHE-IV was a poor predictor of length of stay and mortality rate in emergency ICU. Therefore, specific models based on big sample sizes of Iranian patients are required to improve accuracy of predictions.
Talk Show Host as Communicative Personality
Authors: Просвиркина Ирина , Prosvirkina Irina , Шаповалова Мария , Shapovalova Mary
Published: November 2017

In this paper the communicative personality of Russian-speaking talk-show host is analyzed. The authors present the results of study of communicative personality of talk show host V. Soloviev, which were derived as the result of verbal-semantic speech level analysis. Lexical-semantic components of this level are analyzed. Moreover, in the process of this study was stated that on cognitive-value level of implementation the communicative personality of talk-show host is characterized by high level of language skills, professional competence; cultural and national identity is valued highly by the host of talk-show. It is noted, that the host of the talk-show uses different tactics, for example the tactic of taking care of his image and ignoring the image of the opponents to state a line between friends and foes. Nevertheless it is underlined that the dominance of the talk-show host and the harshness of some statements is to some degree is toned down by usage of informal communication style and ironic tonality of speech.
Timely Decision Analysis Enabled by Efficient Social Media Modeling
Authors: Allen Theodore T. , Sui Zhenhuan , Parker Nathan L.
Published: November 2017

Many decision problems are set in changing environments. For example, determining the optimal investment in cyber maintenance depends on whether there is evidence of an unusual vulnerability, such as “Heartbleed,” that is causing an especially high rate of incidents. This gives rise to the need for timely information to update decision models so that optimal policies can be generated for each decision period. Social media provide a streaming source of relevant information, but that information needs to be efficiently transformed into numbers to enable the needed updates. This article explores the use of social media as an observation source for timely decision making. To efficiently generate the observations for Bayesian updates, we propose a novel computational method to fit an existing clustering model. The proposed method is called k-means latent Dirichlet allocation (KLDA). We illustrate the method using a cybersecurity problem. Many organizations ignore “medium” vulnerabilities identified during periodic scans. Decision makers must choose whether staff should be required to address these vulnerabilities during periods of elevated risk. Also, we study four text corpora with 100 replications and show that KLDA is associated with significantly reduced computational times and more consistent model accuracy.
Hereafter: How Crises Shape Communities Through Learning and Institutional Legacies
Authors: Greve Henrich R. , Yue Lori Qingyuan
Published: November 2017

Community differences in organizing capacity have been attributed to cohesion and trust among population members and from population members to organizations and have been seen as an enduring feature of communities. The experience of a crisis, and the handling of the crisis, can be seen as a test of cohesion that verifies community support of organizations or proves its absence. Using data on two bank panics 14 years apart, we explore whether a crisis event affects whether banks in a community handle the subsequent crisis through community collective action or through executing interorganizational solutions. We find that banks are less likely to seek community support when a prior financial crisis exposes the lack of trust from community members but are more likely to do so when having the experience of successfully avoiding a looming crisis. Organizational memory carries past experience into the future, and the banks that have directly experienced the absence of community trust prefer an interorganizational solution for the next financial crisis.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2017.1157 .
Assessment of Interventions to Improve Air Quality in a Livestock Building
Authors: Anthony T. Renée , Yang Anthony Y. , Peters Thomas M.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. This study examined the effectiveness of engineering controls to reduce contaminant concentrations in a swine farrowing room during winter in the U.S. Midwest. Over two winters, changes in air quality were evaluated following installation of a 1700 m3 h-1 (1000 cfm) recirculating ventilation system to provide 5.4 air exchanges per hour. This system incorporated one of two readily available dust control systems, one based on filtration and the other on cyclonic treatment. A second treatment evaluated reductions in carbon dioxide (CO2) associated with replacement of standard, unvented gas-fired heaters with new vented heaters, installed between the two winter test periods. The concentrations of carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide were negligible in the test room. Although concentrations of ammonia increased over each winter test period, the increase was unrelated to increased air movement from the new recirculating ventilation system. The dust concentrations were significantly reduced by the ventilation system for both inhalable dust (23% to 44% with filtration, 33% with cyclone) and respirable dust (32% with filtration, 20% with cyclone), significant (p < 0.024) for all except respirable dust using the cyclone (p = 0.141). The filtration unit is recommended to improve livestock building air quality because it was more effective than the cyclone unit at reducing respirable dust. Carbon dioxide concentrations were significantly lower with vented heaters (mean = 1400 ppm, SD = 330 ppm) compared to unvented heaters (mean = 2480 ppm, SD = 160 ppm). A 940 ppm reduction in CO2 was attributed to the use of the vented heater, after accounting for differences in outdoor temperatures and animal housing over both test periods. The benefits of readily available technology to significantly reduce concentrations of dust and CO2 demonstrates useful control options to improve air quality in swine buildings. Keywords: Animal feeding operation, Carbon dioxide, Dust control, Gas-fired heater, Indoor air quality, Ventilation.
Evaluation of Low-Cost Hydrogen Sulfide Monitors for Use in Livestock Production
Authors: Beswick-Honn Jessica M. , Peters Thomas M. , Anthony T. Renée
Published: November 2017

Abstract.

Direct-reading gas monitors warn workers of the risk of potentially fatal hydrogen sulfide (H2S) exposures that may arise during manure handling. Low-cost, low-maintenance H2S monitors are available from many manufacturers, but differences in their features and performance make selection challenging for farmers. Moreover, little information is available on the practical maintenance and performance of these devices in agricultural environments. The objective of this study was to provide information to agricultural workers to aid in the selection, maintenance, and use of low-cost H2S monitors. This laboratory study evaluated the performance of several low-cost monitors over a simulated period of use of one year in a swine barn. Four models were exposed to H2S concentrations of 1 to 10 ppm over 18 weeks to examine the drift in reported concentration and changes in the alarm reaction time. Over the simulated barn year, the performance of alarm-only monitors declined faster than that of monitors displaying the H2S concentration. Of concern was the high-level (20 ppm) alarm failures after an equivalent of 139 days (Altair) and 289 days (BW Clip) in a swine barn, well within the monitor’s reported shelf-life. Models displaying concentration exhibited fewer failures but were inaccurate in the displayed concentration when challenged with 20 ppm of H2S. The T40 Rattler provided consistently higher readings (+2.3 ppm), and the Pac 3500 showed consistently lower readings (-3.4 ppm) when challenged with 20 ppm. This study confirms the need for routine bump tests for these low-cost monitors to ensure that the monitor reacts to the presence of H2S, even if the manufacturer does not recommend this procedure. Most importantly, agricultural workers should inspect and bump test these monitors prior to any potentially high-risk activity, such as manure agitation, pumping, or pressure washing, to ensure that the monitor appropriately detects and warns users. Keywords: Calibration, Direct-reading monitors, H2S, Hydrogen sulfide monitors, Manure gas, Safety, Sensors.
Fabrication of ultra-high numerical aperture GeO2-doped fiber and its use for broadband supercontinuum generation
Authors: Harshavardhan Reddy P. , Kir’yanov A. V. , Dhar Anirban , Das Shyamal , Dutta Debjit , Pal Mrinmay , Barmenkov Y. O. , Minguella-Gallardo J. A. , Bhadra Shyamal Kumar , Paul Mukul Chandra
Published: November 2017

We report the fabrication, characterization, and application (broadband
supercontinuum [SC] generation) of ultra-high numerical-aperture
heavily (50 mol. %)

GeO

2

-doped optical fiber, obtained through a
modified chemical vapor deposition process and rod-in-tube method. The
formation of Ge-related diamagnetic defect centers, such as germanium
oxygen defect centers (GeODC) with nonbridging lone electron pairs,
confirmed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and optical absorption
studies, inducing hypolarizable local dipoles, may be responsible in
boosting the nonlinear effects and enhancing stimulated Raman
scattering at pumping with high-power pulses, culminating in
generation of broadband SC generation. The SC spans toward the Stokes
side up to 2.4 μm, under the action of ns-range pulses launched from a
smartly

Q

-switched erbium-doped fiber laser with
operation wavelength (1.56 μm) matching the zero-dispersion wavelength
of the high

GeO

2

-doped fiber.
Weight History and Subclinical Myocardial Damage
Authors: Ndumele Chiadi E , Cobb Laura , Lazo Mariana , Bello Natalie A , Shah Amil , Nambi Vijay , Blumenthal Roger S , Gerstenblith Gary , Solomon Scott D , Ballantyne Christie M , Selvin Elizabeth , Coresh Josef
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND

Excess weight is associated with subclinical myocardial damage, as reflected by high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) concentrations, which portends high heart failure risk. However, the association between weight history and myocardial damage is unknown.

METHODS

We evaluated 9062 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) visit 4 (1996–1999) participants with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 18.5 kg/m2 and no previous cardiovascular disease. We cross-tabulated visit 4 (“current”) BMI categories of normal weight, overweight, and obese with those at visit 1 (1987–1989) and with BMI categories calculated from self-reported weight at age 25 years. Duration of obesity was calculated in years. A cumulative weight measure of “excess BMI-years” was also calculated [product of mean BMI (centered at 25 kg/m2) over all ARIC time points × follow-up duration]. We used logistic regression to estimate associations of weight history metrics with increased hs-cTnT (≥14 ng/L) at visit 4.

RESULTS

Overall, 623 individuals (7%) had increased hs-cTnT at visit 4. Within each current BMI category, previous excess weight was associated with increased hs-cTnT, with the strongest associations for those with past and current obesity [odds ratio (OR), 3.85; 95% CI, 2.51–5.90 for obesity at age 25 years and visit 4]. Each 10-year longer obesity duration was associated with increased hs-cTnT (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.17–1.35). Each 100 higher excess BMI-years was also progressively associated with increased hs-cTnT (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.14–1.27).

CONCLUSIONS

Previous obesity and greater cumulative weight from young adulthood increase the likelihood of myocardial damage, indicating long-term toxic effects of adiposity on the myocardium and the need for weight maintenance strategies targeting the entire life span.
A HISTÓRIA DE NICE: UM CASO DE AMOR, IDEALIZAÇÃO E IDENTIFICAÇÃO EM ORGANIZAÇÕES
Authors: Lourenço Mariane Lemos , Dario Vanusa Cristina , Rogge Jully Fabíola Nunes
Published: November 2017

O contexto organizacional vem sendo considerado um dos espaços mais importantes na construção identitária, no qual cada dia mais pessoas encontram identificação e referencial. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste artigo é trazer uma reflexão sobre os processos de identificação e idealização de trabalhadores com as suas organizações. Assim, por meio da abordagem de pesquisa qualitativa e da estratégia de pesquisa história de vida, realizou-se uma reflexão sobre organizações, indivíduos e suas trajetórias. A história é a de Nice, trabalhadora, que teve sua história de vida entrelaçada a de uma organização, de tal forma que os destinos desta organização tocaram a sua vida pessoal. Nice, a protagonista desta história, que teve seu nome escolhido em alusão à deusa grega, que simbolizava a vitória e a força, transitou por cenários de identificação e idealização, permeados por um processo de corrupção que perpassou o seu drama. A análise de sua história revelou o quanto as organizações como espaços de lutas identitárias e jogos de poder podem representar um rompimento na história de seus trabalhadores, sendo necessário um recomeço não sem prejuízos a sua identidade, o que convida a uma reflexão crítica sobre estes acontecimentos e seus atores.
AFFORDANCES EM TECNOLOGIA MÓVEL: UM ESTUDO BIBLIOMÉTRICO
Authors: Belfort Ana Claudia , Freitas Henrique Mello Rodrigues de , Martens Cristina Dai Prá
Published: November 2017

Affordances indicam tanto as possibilidades de uso como a usabilidade de uma ação ou informação. O conceito de affordances, inicialmente, se restringia ao campo da psicologia; hoje, permeia a área da tecnologia e da mobilidade. Neste artigo mapeia-se o perfil de estudos científicos sobre affordances em tecnologia móvel, para o que se fez um levantamento da literatura, incluindo estudos atuais a respeito de affordances, bem como pesquisas que tratam a temática no contexto de tecnologia móvel. Num estudo bibliométrico com uma amostra de 104 artigos publicados entre 2005 e 2015, identificam-se os principais artigos, os tipos de affordances descritos no âmbito da mobilidade, e qual a abordagem adotada para tratar de affordances em tecnologia móvel. A adoção de técnicas de análise bibliométrica, léxica e de conteúdo permitiu analisar a evolução da produção científica sobre affordances em tecnologia móvel, identificar os principais autores, os padrões de citações e cocitações, os principais periódicos e eventos que mais publicaram artigos sobre o tema, dentre outros. Adicionalmente, são apresentadas contribuições, limitações e sugestões de pesquisas futuras.
AVALIAÇÃO DE DESEMPENHO NA APLICAÇÃO DO CONTROLE ESTATÍSTICO DE PROCESSOS: SELEÇÃO DE REFERENCIAL TEÓRICO INTERNACIONAL E ANÁLISE BIBLIOMÉTRICA
Authors: Ensslin Leonardo , Dutra Ademar , Dezem Vinícius , Somensi Karine
Published: November 2017

O estudo tem como objetivo identificar o que a literatura científica internacional aborda sobre o tema Avaliação de Desempenho na Gestão do Controle Estatístico de Processos (CEP), possibilitando, assim, a identificação de oportunidades de aperfeiçoamento. A pesquisa exploratória utilizou como instrumento de intervenção o ProKnow-C para a seleção do portfólio bibliográfico-PB e a análise das características deste fragmento da literatura. Os autores de destaque identificados foram Wen Lea Pearn, Shu-Ming Chung, com 5, 4, e 3 publicações respectivamente no PB. Foi possível também identificar os periódicos Quality and Reliability Engineering International e o Expert Systems With Applications como os dois com maior número de publicações. Já em relação às palavras-chaves presentes nos artigos do portfólio, as que se destacaram foram Process Capability Indices, Control Carts e Process Capability index. Os periódicos que apresentaram maior fator de impacto foram: European Jounal of Operational Research e Expert Systems with Applications. Constatou-se nos trabalhos a utilização de Sistemas de Mensuração de Desempenho nas atividades do controle estatístico de processos. Os resultados indicam ainda a utilização de indicadores, oriundos de modelos realistas de Avaliação de Desempenho, centrados na qualidade estatística sem ter em conta as necessidades, os valores e as preferências dos gestores dos contextos avaliados.
INTERNACIONALIZAÇÃO OU INTERNALIZAÇÃO?
Authors: Soeth Luiz Fabiano , Ern Jerusa Pereira Faqueti
Published: November 2017

O processo de internacionalização por meio de importação e exportação é complexo à medida que depende de diferentes leis em cada país, diferentes culturas, fatores econômicos como crises e variação cambial e tributária. Desde 2007, que já perpassa 10 anos, a estratégia de internacionalização por meio da importação de produtos funcionou muito bem para a empresa de Fernando. Já a exportação sempre esteve em segundo plano, ocorrendo apenas por meio de oportunidades oriundas dos próprios clientes, sem investimento em desenvolvimento pela empresa. Porém, a partir de 2014 esse cenário mudou e pode colocar à prova a estratégia adotada. Fernando vivenciou um dilema e precisou adotar estratégias que compreendiam a continuidade da internacionalização da sua empresa, por meio de investimento em importação ou exportação, ou internalização dos processos produtivos. O objetivo deste caso de ensino é estimular a discussão sobre temas ligados à internacionalização, como importação e exportação, processo de internacionalização, teorias econômicas de internacionalização, gestão estratégica e estratégias empresariais. A utilização desse caso é indicada para disciplinas de Internacionalização e Gestão Estratégica para cursos de graduação e pós-graduação com ênfase em internacionalização.
NOVAS METODOLOGIAS DE ENSINO? O DISCURSO DO SUJEITO COLETIVO DE UMA TURMA DE ADMINISTRAÇÃO
Authors: Falcão Roberto Flores , Hamza Kavita Miadaira , Veloso Andres Rodriguez , Campomar Marcos Cortez
Published: November 2017

As recentes mudanças tecnológicas e no perfil dos alunos vêm levando escolas e professores a repensar suas estratégias e técnicas de ensino. Surgem diversas propostas, com destaque para as metodologias ativas de ensino. Contudo, faz-se necessária a verificação se os alunos efetivamente anseiam e se sentem confortáveis com novas dinâmicas em sala de aula. Nesse contexto, o presente artigo investiga como os alunos lidam com metodologias ativas de ensino. Para tanto, o depoimento individual de 52 alunos de um Curso de Administração foi coletado por meio de questionário com questões abertas. Analisando o conteúdo, por meio do método do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC) e com apoio de um software de análise qualitativa, conclui-se que é necessária parcimônia na reformulação das estratégias de ensino. Mudanças drásticas podem prejudicar o processo de aprendizagem e a heterogeneidade da sala deve ser respeitada. O DSC foi selecionado, pois ele busca iluminar o campo social pesquisado, procurando entender o que pensa um conjunto específico de pessoas e analisar o significado de algum contexto para tal grupo. Por meio dele, o coletivo é reconstituído a partir da opinião de um conjunto de discursos na primeira pessoa do singular. Com base nos dados coletados, também é proposta uma classificação do perfil dos alunos com base em duas dimensões abstratas extraídas dos próprios discursos individuais.
Aplicación de Costos de Incertidumbre Analíticos de Energía Solar, Eólica y Vehículos Eléctricos en el Despacho Óptimo de Potencia
Authors: Arévalo Juan , Santos Fabian , Rivera Sergio
Published: November 2017

Context: Currently, renewable energy sources are playing an important role in counteracting the environmental impact of traditional energy sources. For this reason, system operators must have analytical tools that allow them to incorporate these new forms of energy. In electrical power systems, when incorporating renewable resources such as photovoltaic solar generation, wind power generation or electric vehicles, uncertainty is introduced due to the stochasticity of primary resources.Method: Uncertainty costs are proposed that incorporate the injected power variability of the main sources of renewable energy (solar and wind) and the consumed power (electric vehicles). Variability is considered by the probability distributions of the primary sources of renewable energy (solar irradiation and wind speed).Results: The main result of this research is the application of analytical costs of uncertainty. In this way it is possible to modify the cost function of a traditional economic dispatch. Additionally, it is proposed to solve the problem with a heuristic optimization method of economic dispatch of active-reactive power. Finally, a comparison is made with the operating cost of the system without the incorporation of renewable energies.Conclusions: The proposed model in this article is a potential decision-making tool that power system operators may consider in the operation of the system. The tool is capable of considering the uncertainties of the primary sources of renewable energy. The probability distribution of the primary source forecast is assumed to be known. An opportunity in order to extend the model is to study its applicability to dynamic time horizons, contemplating the constraints of the unit commitment problem
Algoritmo de Encriptación de Imágenes Utilizando el Atractor Caótico de Lorenz
Authors: Rodríguez Rodríguez Iván Felipe , Amaya Barrera Edilma Isabel , Suarez Parra Cesar Augusto , Moreno Posada José David
Published: November 2017

Context: With the increasing volumes of information generated in real time, novel mechanisms area needed to ensure security so as to prevent access to unauthorized people. The conventional encryption methods are not appropriate for images, because they are prone to statistical attacks due to the strong correlation between adjacent pixels and the analysis of color gamut histograms, which can help to identify them within the image; with this aim in mind, in this paper an algorithm for image encryption using chaotic attractors is proposed.Method: Chaotic synchronization is used for the key management, the diffusion stage is made by means of ergodic sequences generated from the numerical solution of the Lorenz’s attractor and the permutation stage is accomplished with the wave line technique.Results: The proposed algorithm was tested using a set of gray-scale images obtaining suitable performance in segurity and speed, the pixel correlation is almost null and the entropy is similar to that presented in recent works with the same approach.Conclusions: Chaotic methods are an alternative to improve the security levels in the cryptography of images due to their properties of unpredictability and sensitivity to the initial conditions. For future work the approach presented could be applied to the encryption of color images and using different chaotic attractors.
Another Life is Possible: Black Fugitivity and Enclosed Places
Authors: Sojoyner Damien M.
Published: November 2017

The Black fugitive in the United States has been a metaphorical and literal construction for both exposing oppressive forms of state governance and the development of strategic plans to achieve freedom from the state. Commonly thought of within a historical setting, the Black fugitive in this article is situated within the contemporary urban setting of Los Angeles, California. As told through the lived experience of young Black residents of the city, the narrative of fugitivity exposes the false promises of state governance, which is theorized as an enclosure. Specifically, this article focuses on self-removal from the state structure of formal education as a vehicle to understand Black fugitivity as a generative source of freedom from violent forms of state governance.
Remains of the Future: Rethinking the Space and Time of Ruination through the Volta Resettlement Project, Ghana
Authors: Yarrow Thomas
Published: November 2017

Focusing on a planned scheme of resettlement undertaken in Ghana in the wake of independence in 1957, this essay explores how midcentury plans for modernization exist in disjunctive relation to unrealized material infrastructures. Drawing on ethnographic research in resettlement townships, the account describes the contemporary afterlives of the plan, tracing how its promised futures shadow present understandings of contemporary and future life. The essay examines the distinctive form that ruination takes not as once-functional, now-decaying infrastructure, but as the ongoing effects of an unrealized plan. Here, experiences of ruination are associated with a set of spatial and temporal dynamics that emerge as the felt negation of linear time and Cartesian space. Insofar as the recent scholarly turn to ruins assumes the existence of modernization, it in fact eclipses what is conceptually at stake in situations where modernization exists only as a promise.