bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correcting precipitation measurements of TRwS204 in the Qilian
Mountains, China
Authors: Zheng Qin , Chen Rensheng , Han Chuntan , Liu Junfeng , Song Yaoxuan , Liu Zhangwen , Yang Yong , Wang Lei , Wang Xiqiang , Liu Xiaojiao , Guo Shuhai , Liu Guohua
Published: February 2017

Abstract. With the development and popularization of automatic weather stations, testing the performance of the recording precipitation gauges and deriving the adjustment algorithm have become the top priority. This study mainly analyzed the losses of TRwSSA (TRwS204 shielded with a single Alter) through correlation and regression methods, and derived the correction algorithm from August 2014 to August 2016 in the Qilian Mountains, China. Results show that precipitation collected with TRwSSA was 116.2, 5.8, and 7.6 mm less than the true precipitation during the experiment for rain, sleet, and snow, respectively. For the losses, specific errors account for a larger proportion than systematic errors for rainfall and snowfall events, while systematic errors account for a larger proportion than specific errors for sleet events. Regression analyses show that the amount of precipitation and mean air temperature can affect specific errors, particularly for snowfall events. On average, the specific errors per event were 0.6, 0.0, and 0.4 mm for rain, sleet, and snow, respectively, and the systematic errors per event were 0.1, 0.1 and 0.0 mm for rain, sleet, and snow, respectively. For systematic errors, wind speed was still the most significant factor for the catch ratio (CR) of rain and sleet, whereas humidity affected the CR of snow to a certain extent. Currently, given that the transfer functions were agreed to derive from the DFAR (DFIR fence + automatic weighing gauge + shield + precipitation detector), considerable attention should be focused on the specific errors of the automatic weighing gauge.
Cultural pedagogies and school knowledge: questions to contemporary education
Authors: Berté Odailso Sinvaldo , Martins Raimundo
Published: February 2017

Este artigo busca problematizar modos como as pedagogias culturais estão relacionadas aos conhecimentos escolares. Em consonância com diferentes pesquisas do campo da educação da cultura visual, o texto articula argumentação teórica que aproxima as perspectivas das pedagogias do prazer, da pergunta e do conflito. Fundamenta proposições pedagógicas que avancem da valoração crítica da cultura para considerações sobre o corpo, as experiências, os afetos, as práticas de uso de imagens e os artefatos culturais com o intuito de articular formas criativas e emancipadoras de ensinar-aprender.Palavras-chave: Pedagogias culturais, corpo, conhecimentos escolares
Experiências a/r/tográficas: gênero e sexualidades
Authors: Nunes Luciana Borre
Published: February 2017

Texto poético e narrativo. Conta histórias pessoais que provocaram processos - intencionais e pretensiosos - de aprender e ensinar no campo das artes visuais. Escrita por um grupo produtor de imagens que através de leituras, diálogos e experimentações/imersões poéticas buscou caminhos para pensar a produção de gênero, sexualidades e cultura visual. Um viés a/r/tográfico inundou nossas práticas pedagógicas tramando esta escrita coletiva que confunde a autoria e denuncia memórias. Procura nos relatos de situações cotidianas a potência de uma formação docente em Artes Visuais baseada nos atos de aprender, pesquisar, artistar e ensinar.Palavras-chave: Cultura visual, a/r/tografia, gênero e sexualidades
Self-concept in the Formation of Educators of Indigenous Areas in Mexico
Authors: Hernandez Jacquez Luis Fernando
Published: February 2017

The presented study talks about self-concept in student-educators who are academically prepared in a bachelor degree in pre-school and elementary school education when it comes to indigenous areas in Mexico. According to the very students there is a lower perception of them when comparing to their colleagues in urban areas. By taking into account and considering the reference of the multidimensional model of self-concept by Shavelson, Hubner and Stanton (1976), as well as the research questions: What is the level of self-concept of student-educators of the LEPEPMI? And, what is the relation between the level of self-concept and several social, academic and professional variables of the student-educators of the LEPEPMI? A quantitative non-experimental and cross-sectional study was conducted with 155 participants, having found as most significant results that the subjects demonstrated a low level of global self-concept. Furthermore, this concept was statistically related only with the semester of study for the student-educators.
Open, transparent management and the media: The managers’ perspectives
Authors: Dellve Lotta , Jacobsson Christian , Wilmar Maria Wramsten
Published: February 2017

Objective: Delivery of health care service (HCSs) is a public issue in Sweden. Managers’ decisions and strategies are expected to be open to debate, investigation and scrutiny by the media. There is, however, little knowledge about how managers at local level communicate with the media. The aim of this study is to present an empirically grounded conceptual model of how operative health care managers perceive and handle media communication in open, transparent management of public HCSs.Methods: A grounded theory approach was adopted including in-depth and follow-up interviews with 45 managers, and complemented with open-ended questions that were answered by the majority of municipal top managers of public HCSs in Sweden (n = 161).Results: Communicating with the media were interacting in spite of unequal logics and conditions regarding openness in communicating. In managers response to media misrepresentation (inaccurate, narrow and skewed reporting) of the often complex and value-laden issues of HCSs they put highlighted dignity, correctness regarding facts, and protection of integrity. Managers’ approaches were to mobilize individual and organizational resources in order to support openness and reduce uncertainties, through crafting managerial hardiness and organizational robustness, and over the longer term, by building authentic openness through awareness, control and acceptance of the conditions.Conclusions: In conclusion, handling the media can be challenging owing to different logics for reporting, but the media plays a vitally important role in the transparency of the management. Dealing with the pressure of media attention can either have negative consequences or contribute to more open and authentic internal and external communication.
Simulation is more than working with a mannequin: Student’s perceptions of their learning experience in a clinical simulation environment
Authors: Rodriguez Karla G. , Nelson Noreen , Gilmartin Mattia , Goldsamt Lloyd , Richardson Hila
Published: February 2017

Purpose: This paper describes undergraduate nursing students’ assessment of learning in a clinical teaching model that replaces 50% of the traditional clinical hours with high-fidelity simulation. We assessed students’ perceptions of the use of best practices in simulation teaching, and the importance assigned to each teaching practice to support learning.Methods: Longitudinal program evaluation design. We surveyed undergraduate nursing students with the Educational Practices Questionnaire (EPQ) at the mid-point (semester 2) and end of the program (semester 4). We used paired t-tests to assess changes in student EPQ scores between mid- and end-program.Results: Results showed that students’ reported greater exposure over time to clinical simulation activities that fostered active learning and high expectations; the degree to which they rated collaborative learning as important also increased.Conclusions: Students’ perceptions of the use of educational best practices and the importance of simulation in nursing education from program mid-point to end-point lends support for a clinical teaching model that uses a simulation to substitute for traditional clinical hours.
Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi of Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) Fields of the East of Algeria
Authors: Nadji Wassila , Belbekri Nadir , Ykhlef Nadia , Djekoun Abdelhamid
Published: February 2017

In Algeria, in the semi-arid and arid areas cereal production is limited because of many constraints like lack of mineral elements (phosphorus and nitrogen), low organic matter and an insufficient water reserve due to the low rainfall. Most researches on durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) are undertaken to increase its productivity. In recent years several methods have been used including using microorganisms. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) appear to have important roles in plants in various soil conditions. In Algeria and particularly in the eastern regions, the diversity of AMF spores in the soil is so far little studied. In this context this study focuses on the study of the diversity and the abundance of AMF spores in Triticum durum Desf. fields in arid, semi-arid and coastal regions. Soil samples were collected and characterized and the spores isolated by the wet sieving methods were observed, counted and identified. The results of the physic-chemical characterization of all soil samples reveal a clay loam, loam clay and loam sandy soils with an alkaline pH (7.54-8.27), a total nitrogen content from 0.023 to 0.082% and phosphorus content ranging from 1.63% to 7.74%. We noted the presence of several morphotypes that were classified as follow: Glomeraceae, Acaulosporaceae and Scutellosporaceae with a predominance of Glomeraceae in different sites depending on climate and soil type. The presence of these families demonstrates a biodiversity of the eastern wheat fields of Algeria.
Determinants of Use of Information and Communication Technologies in Agriculture: The Case of Kenya Agricultural Commodity Exchange in Bungoma County, Kenya
Authors: Wawire Amos W. , Wangia Sabina M. , Okello Julius J.
Published: February 2017

Access to markets by Smallholder farmers has conventionally been constrained by lack of market information. Efforts to strengthen access of farmers to markets has triggered the mushrooming of several projects that embrace ICT tools in promoting access to competitive market information. Nevertheless, most farmers still lack access to accurate market information, such as existing commodity prices. This study examines the determinants of the use of ICT tools among smallholder farmers for agricultural transactions. The study uses Kenya Agricultural Commodity Exchange (KACE), one of the ICT-based marketing platform, as the case study. The objectives of the research are to determine the factors that influence access to agricultural information, and establishing factors that determine the intensity of use of ICT tools in accessing agricultural information. Survey was conducted among 136 smallholder farmers in Bungoma County. Both purposive, and multi-stage sampling were used to obtain the sample for this research. The study finds that several farmer characteristics, farm and capital endowment factors affect the use of ICT tools, particularly mobile phones. Gender, age, literacy level, affordability, perceived importance, mobile ownership and group membership were found to be significant in influencing the decision to use KACE ICT tools and the intensity of use of these tools for agricultural transaction activities. The study further recommends for policies that support the expansion of ICT projects, training on their applications and sensitization on the use of these platforms. The study suggests for policies to address gender disparities on access and use of ICT tools for agricultural transaction.
Different Treatments for Breaking Dormancy of Leucaena Seeds (Leucaena leucocephala)
Authors: Valente Tiago Neves Pereira , Lima Erico Da Silva , Deminicis Bruno Borges , Cezário Andréia Santos , Santos Wallacy Barbacena Rosa dos , Souza Luana Almeida , Lima Vitória Gallo Borges de
Published: February 2017

The objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of methods for breaking dormancy the seeds of tropical forage legume Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.). The seed treatments were: (T1) water at 100 ºC/10 min; (T2) water at 100 ºC/1 min; (T3) Acetone (10 min); (T4) Ethyl alcohol (10 minutes); and (T5) intact seeds (control). Data were analyzed using a completely randomized design with eight replications, and it was adopted the Tukey test at 5% significance level. The treatment T1, had the highest speed of germination of seeds GSI, differed (P < 0.05). The T5 treatment (control) was the slowest response, that treatments that passed through some break dormancy until the seventh day after the beginning of the test (Germ7), with an amount of 20% accumulation of germinated seeds. The worst result of germination it was T5, with 30% of non-germinated seeds after 15 days of sowing.
Carbon Mineralization in Soils Irrigated with Treated Swine Wastewater
Authors: Moretti Sarah Mello Leite , Bertoncini Edna Ivani , Abreu-Junior Cassio Hamilton
Published: February 2017

Treated swine wastewater agricultural use can promote environmental and agronomical improvements, however, the inappropiate management of this organic load added on soil can cause unbalances in soil fertility and in availability of nutrients and/or contaminants. Thus, this study aim was evaluate the organic matter biodegradation of treated swine wastewater (WB) and diluted swine wastewater (WBD) applied in Oxisol clayey texture (CS) and in Ultisol (SS) with medium-sandy texture. The treatments studied were: R1 – CS control; R2 – irrigation with WB on CS; R3 – irrigation with WBD on CS; R4 – SS control; R5 – irrigation with WBD on SS; R6 – irrigation with WBD on SS. Three applications were done in flasks containing 500 g of soils sampled from depth of 0-20 cm, the C-CO2 evolutions and degradation fractions were quantified after each application. The results obtained were adjusted to first-order chemical kinetics model. More than half organic matter was biodegraded between 4 and 10 days of incubation, when higher WB amount was applied (33.3 mm). Sucessive WBD use caused degradation of organic matter remaning of previous application. Higher CO2 evolutions were obtained for Oxisol treatments due to higher carbon contents of this soil. SW use caused depletion of Ultisol native organic matter. However, the WB use in Oxisol provided accumulation of organic matter. Soon, the respirometry test evidenced the importance of evaluate the soil depuration capacity before agricultural use, since that this process can affect the contents of organic matter native of these soils and the availabity of nutrient/contaminant for soil-water-plant system.
Nitrogen Use and Protein Yield of Two Maize Cultivars in Cohesive Tropical Soil
Authors: Marques Georgiana Eurides Carvalho , Aguiar Alana Das Chagas Ferreira , Macedo Vinicius Ribamar Alencar , Alves Ester De Paiva , Moura Emanoel Gomes
Published: February 2017

One major challenge to developing sustainable family farms in tropical regions is increasing nitrogen use efficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined effects of leguminous residues of low-and high-quality on nitrogen uptake, as well as on content of protein of a Quality Protein Maize (QPM) and of a hybrid maize in a tropical sandy loam soil. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with four replicates in a 6 × 2 factorial and six treatments: Gliricidia + Clitoria (GC); Gliricidia + Acacia (GA); Leucaena + Gliricidia (LG); Leucaena + Clitoria (LC); Leucaena + Acacia (LA) and a control without legumes (C). A sub-plot was constructed, sowing in each plot two maize cultivars, opened pollination QPM BR 473 and hybrid Ag 7088. We conclude that the combined use of leguminous residues applied on the soil surface might increase the uptake of nitrogen, the protein contents of maize and the grain yield. In bare soil prone to cohesion, the use of synthetic N is not feasible for both maize yield and for protein yield compared with use of covered soil. The results also showed that the effects of leguminous residue quality on N uptake may differ from year to year due to variation in water stress days.
Performance of Vegetable Production and Marketing in Peri-Urban Kumasi, Ghana
Authors: Abdulai Jusufu , Nimoh Fred , Darko-Koomson Samuel , Kassoh Kassoh Fallah Samuel
Published: February 2017

Vegetable production and marketing play an important role in providing income and employment for a significant proportion of small holder farmers and traders in Ghana. Yet, farmers are dissatisfied, claiming that they earn less marketing margins than is due them as compared to traders in the value chain. Due to lack of a holistic assessment of actors’ performance, this assertion remains unjustifiable. It is against this backdrop that this study investigates the performance of farmers, wholesalers and retailers along the investment channels of three major leafy vegetables (spring onions, lettuce and cabbage) in peri-urban Kumasi. Using a two-stage sampling technique, a total of 217 actors comprising 147 farmers, 30 wholesalers and 40 retailers, were sampled. Marketing margin analysis and returns on investments (ROIs) were used to assess the performance of actors’ investments. Results show that vegetable production is dominated by males (91 percent) and trading by females (83 percent of wholesalers and 100 percent of retailers) respectively. Wholesalers recorded the highest yearly marketing margins for spring onions and cabbage (GH¢ 3 369 and GH¢ 17 376) (1US$ = GH¢ 3.6), while farmers obtained the highest yearly margins (GH¢ 3 630) for lettuce. Farmers obtained the most ROIs of 28, 145 and 79 percents for spring onions, lettuce and cabbage respectively. Based on accrued ROIs, the study concludes that farmers are more efficient in the investments in these vegetables than traders. Information flow gap was found to be a major cause of farmers’ scepticism on margin distribution because 76 percent of farmers had no information on market prices of products. It is recommended that an efficient policy on market price information system for vegetables be implemented via convenient means such as farmer associations and weekly radio broadcasts of product prices to all actors.
The Performance of Steers Fed on Sugarcane in natura or Ensiled with Concentrate
Authors: Vieira Dheynne Alves , Cezário Andréia Santos , Santos Wallacy Barbacena Rosa dos , Ribeiro Jeferson Corrêa , Valente Tiago Neves Pereira , Rigueira João Paulo Sampaio , Costa Kátia Aparecida de Pinho
Published: February 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of crossbred Holstein × Zebu steers fed on the diets containing sugarcane in natura or ensiled with two levels of concentrate (30% and 70%). A total of 32 males of 394 kg of body weight were used in a completely randomized experimental design with four treatments and seven repetitions. The animals reported a high dry matter intake (DMI) (P < 0.05) when fed on the high concentrate levels. The increase in concentrate levels resulted in an approximately 25% to 60% higher DMI as compared to the lowest level offered by silage-based diets and sugarcane in natura. The highest apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter were observed in the diets based on sugarcane in natura (P < 0.05). The sugarcane based diets also affected (P > 0.05) the digestibility of organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, crude protein, ether extract, and non-fiber carbohydrates. There were no differences (P > 0.05) between the diets for average daily weight gain, carcass dressing, carcass gain, and feed conversion. The diets based on sugarcane in nature or ensiled with 30% and 70% concentrates do not influence the performance of crossbred Holstein × Zebu cattle.
Evidence for Mangrove Restoration in the Mahakam Delta, Indonesia, Based on Households’ Willingness to Pay
Authors: Susilo Heru , Takahashi Yoshifumi , Yabe Mitsuyasu
Published: February 2017

Mangroves provide multiple benefits for local communities’ livelihoods. However, in the Mahakam delta mangroves have declined considerably. This study examines the factors affecting households’ willingness to pay (WTP) for mangrove restoration in three villages in the Mahakam delta and determines whether a mangrove restoration project would be viable and should be implemented in the study area or not. The contingent valuation method was applied through a double-bound dichotomous choice format to estimate the WTP for mangrove restoration. The results showed that over 80% of perception of respondents considered the benefits of mangroves were essential that associated with their livelihoods. Local residents tended to be willing to pay more for mangrove restoration when they acknowledged the benefits of mangroves and when they felt that the sustainability of mangrove ecosystems was their responsibility. The benefits transfer method was also used to estimate the costs and benefits of an ongoing mangrove restoration project in the study area. The benefits provided by mangroves, as estimated based on households’ WTP, clearly outweighed the costs for the mangrove restoration project. We conclude that mangrove restoration should be implemented in the study area by increasing local communities’ awareness and responsibility to protect and manage the mangrove a sustainable.
Aspects of Acidosis in Ruminants with a Focus on Nutrition: A Review
Authors: Valente Tiago Neves Pereira , Sampaio Cláudia Batista , Lima Erico da Silva , Deminicis Bruno Borges , Cezário Andréia Santos , Santos Wallacy Barbacena Rosa dos
Published: February 2017

An increased risk of acidosis in animals is associated with a high dry matter intake (DMI), which in turn results in the consumption of more fermentable organic matter (OM) in the rumen leading to a high production of volatile fatty acids (VFA). This is observed in lactating dairy cows and animals in a feedlot. Acute acidosis occurs when there is a severe drop in the pH of the rumen. A prolonged period when pH of in rumen remains low, it leads to sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA), which is a temporary imbalance between acid production and absorption. An associated change of an acute increase in the ruminal osmolarity and the accumulation of glucose and lactate in its stereoisomeric forms (D-lactate and L-lactate), is observed in the rumen fluid. However, in the sub-acute form, the accumulation of lactic acid occurs in the rumen. To a great extent, these changes in the rumen are due to high concentrations of VFA. The best way to avoid problems with ruminal acidosis is an adequate supply of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in the diet, preferentially with large particle size and length to stimulate rumination and consequently greater buffering efficiency, thus maintaining the balance between pH and microorganisms in the rumen.
Effect of Bio-Rational Approaches on the Larval Population and Pigeonpea Pod Damage by Exelastis atomosa (Wlsm.)
Authors: Nath Paras , Singh R. S. , Rai S. N. , Keval Ram
Published: February 2017

Effect of bio-rational approaches such as intercropping and application of bio-pesticide on the larval population, pod damage, grain damage and grain weight loss by plume moth (Exelastis atomosa (Wlsm.)) infesting pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) was studied. Pigeonpea intercropped with maize, pearl millet, sorghum, rice and black gram had significant effect on the larval population of plume moth when compared with pigeonpea sole crop infestation. The pigeonpea pod damage, grain damage and grain weight loss due to larval infestation in different pigeonpea intercrops and pigeonpea sole crop differed significantly however few exceptions were also recorded. The average larval population, pod damage, grain damage and grain weight loss in different intercrops varied from 0.25 to 0.39 larva/plant, 1.29 to 1.79%, 0.41 to 0.55% and 0.25 to 0.35%, respectively. The pigeonpea sole crop had recorded relatively higher larval population (0.39 larva/plant), pod damage (2.03%), grain damage (0.85%) and grain weight loss (0.59%) than the intercropped pigeon pea. The two sprays of NSKE 5% (first at flowering and pod formation stage and second after 20 days) were found superior in reducing larval population, pod damage, grain damage and grain weight loss. However, the plots devoid of any biopesticidal treatment had maximum larval population (0.68 larva/plant), pod damage (2.75%), grain damage (0.86%) and grain weight loss (0.60%) by E. atomosa.
Metaphoric Perception of Gifted Students about Physical Education Course and Physical Education Teachers
Authors: Yilmaz Aynur , Esenturk Oguz Kaan , Tekkursun Demir Gonul , Ilhan Ekrem Levent
Published: February 2017

It is to determine the perception of the gifted students who participate to “Science and Art Center” about “Physical Education Course” and “Physical Education Teachers” via metaphors. The working group of the research consists of 48 students who participate Science and Art Center in 2014-2015 school years. Among the purposive sampling methods, criterion sampling method is used in choosing the working group. In the research, among the qualitative research approaches, phenomenological design is used. The data is gathered by semi-structured metaphor form and gathered data have been subjected to content analysis. It was seen that, toward the physical education, they described it in a way that includes positive qualifications as a good lecture, a mean of freedom, a source of life, an educating activity, a competition area and a natural event. It was determined that generally the students’ perception towards physical education teachers are positive and they are described as a mentor, compassionate, fun, capable, knowing, hard-working and strong. It can be said that the students see the physical education more as a mean to have fun, to have great time and to move freely. The physical education teacher is also described as a mentor, compassionate and fun person.
Machine Learning with Pattern Recognition in Natural Language Processing without any Grammar and Syntax Knowledge
Authors: Mohammadi Taiebeh , Sadeghzadeh Mehdi , Torkestani Javad Akbari
Published: February 2017

In this system we are able to classify the components of sentences into a parse tree and gradually grow the tree with extra information about the subjects. Then the recognized pattern will be investigated with an interpreter and will be translated to understandable command for machines. After passing elementary education, further training will be taught indirectly just based on the previous orders without any supervisors. Thus after teaching the machine capable to extract concept from the classified data and act with natural language. These training just like primary education to kids without any knowledge about the language syntaxes and grammar only due to the pattern recognition in sentences.
The Role of Eco-Technologic Solutions in Designing Buildings based on Energy-Saving Approach
Authors: Kazemha Anosh Sheikh
Published: February 2017

Today, along with the increase in population growth and rapid expansion of cities, the need for urban constructions for to social activities is inevitable. In this regard, though considering quantity and variety of construction to accelerate their exploitation is necessary, but saving energy in designing buildings should also be considered both in improving the quality of constructions, and increasing the life of buildings should be considered in designing and building, because the case in buildings increased costs. Eco-technologic is a concept in which designing a building is done by using the best modern technology of the world and following the principle of sustainable development covering the present and future needs in line with optimizing energy consumption and reducing environmental pollution. In other words Ecology seeks to avoid waste of energy. In this study it was tried to investigate the role of Eco-technologic solutions in designing buildings with the approach of energy-saving by the use of library resources with applied-qualitative research method.
Análise da eficiência operacional de uma linha de produção da indústria de laticínios por meio do indicador de Eficiência Global de Equipamentos (Overall Equipment Effectiveness)
Authors: Machado Rafaela Heloisa Carvalho , Helleno André Luís , Lima Carlos Roberto Camello
Published: February 2017

As empresas atuam constantemente sob pressão para produzirem mais, com menos recursos e mais rápido. Gerenciar fábricas, neste cenário, demanda informações quantitativas da produção para uma tomada de decisão eficaz. Neste estudo, mensuraram-se os índices do processo gargalo da linha de produção para embasar as decisões referentes aos principais produtos de uma empresa de grande porte do ramo de laticínios. Foram mensurados os valores de Eficiência Global de Equipamentos (Overall Equipment Effectiveness), para a máquina do processo gargalo e para cada um dos quatro produtos fabricados, possibilitando a comparação entre eles. Gráficos de Pareto e análises de variação do peso dos itens também foram elaborados para avaliação do processo. Coletaram-se dados mediante observações que possibilitaram um maior conhecimento do processo e o levantamento de sugestões de melhoria a serem estudadas. Assim, foi possível elaborar um plano de ação para cada um dos produtos da linha, visando ao aumento da eficiência do processo.
Algoritmos sobre el impacto de los medios de comunicación en medios sociales: estado de la cuestión
Authors: Fondevila Gascón Joan Francesc
Published: February 2017

La relación entre medios de comunicación y los medios sociales está acentuándose en plena Sociedad de la Banda Ancha. Mientras los mass media se plantean la difusión de los contenidos en redes sociales como una obligación, los algoritmos y las métricas de análisis en estas redes se multiplican para objetivizar el rendimiento que la empresa informativa puede obtener de su actividad virtual. En este artículo de innovación teórica se exponen las métricas utilizadas en función el objetivo a conseguir, y se incide en el análisis de sentimiento, que permite conocer si la reacción del lector a las unidades de contenido de los medios de comunicación es positiva, neutra o negativa. Se concluye que la medición de la polaridad de los comentarios del lector ayuda a la empresa informativa a mejorar la experiencia del receptor gracias sobre todo a la interactividad.
Ocupación de cajas-refugio por murciélagos en el parque de Salburua (Vitoria-Gasteiz)
Authors: Alcalde Juan Tomás , Martínez Iñaki
Published: February 2017

Salbura park (Vitoria-Gasteiz) is a natural wetland and a good hunting area for bats, but with scarcity of roosts. The absence of roosts can be a limiting factor for bat populations. Hence, 95 Schwegler bat-boxes were placed in 2008 (1FF, 1FW, 2F with double front panel and 2FN models). They have been checked between 2010 and 2015 in order to detect the species that live in and their preferences. Four species have been recorded: Pipistrellus pygmaeus, Pipistrellus kuhlii, Nyctalus leisleri and Myotis daubentonii. The first one is dominant (86% of the records) and the only one that has been found throughout the year. Occupation of bat-boxes has steadily increased, reaching 38% in September 2015. Comparing the 2F with double front panel bat-box with the 2FN bat-box, the first one is the most used. Bat-box success is positively and significantly influenced by insolation. The presence of mice, birds, wasps or bumblebees reduce bat-box occupation, so regular checking and cleaning is recommended.
El movimiento estudiantil mexicano de 1968 en clave latinoamericana: aproximación a las nociones de educación y transformación social
Authors: Donoso Romo Andrés
Published: February 2017

This article analyzes the Mexican student movement of 1968 and, more specifically, the protestors’ different assessments of the role of education in social transformation. Based on a historical and qualitative methodology, supported by primary and secondary sources as well as interviews of specialists, it locates the Mexican movement among the great struggles that Latin America experienced during the final quarter of the 20th century. In doing so, it identifies the features the movement shared with other great student uprisings in the región and characterizes the four main demands that it defended: protection of democratic freedoms, preservation of university autonomy, construction of university militancy, and greater popular participation in the movement. This strategy will make it possible to conclude that for many of the protestors, although never for all of them, education could indeed collaborate in the task of forming more just societies, either by contributing knowledge so as to eliminate ignorance, or by providing tools to end domination.
Arquitetura e educação: campus universitários Brasileiros
Authors: Pinto Gelson de Almeida , Buffa Ester
Published: February 2017

Este livro, escrito por um arquiteto urbanista e uma historiadora da educação, trata, no essencial, do percurso histórico da instituição universitária que, nascida na Europa medieval como uma instituição urbana, sofreu grandes transformações no tempo e no espaço, chegou aos nossos dias, no Brasil, a ser construída apartada da cidade e a se constituir como câmpus universitário, um território novo e original. São analisados alguns dos projetos de planejamento e construção do câmpus de algumas renomadas universidades brasileiras: UFRJ, USP, UFRGS, UnB e UNICAMP.
Structure of the malaria vaccine candidate antigen CyRPA and its complex with a parasite invasion inhibitory antibody
Authors: Favuzza Paola , Guffart Elena , Tamborrini Marco , Scherer Bianca , Dreyer Anita M , Rufer Arne C , Erny Johannes , Hoernschemeyer Joerg , Thoma Ralf , Schmid Georg , Gsell Bernard , Lamelas Araceli , Benz Joerg , Joseph Catherine , Matile Hugues , Pluschke Gerd , Rudolph Markus G
Published: February 2017

Invasion of erythrocytes by Plasmodial merozoites is a composite process involving the interplay of several proteins. Among them, the Plasmodium falciparum Cysteine-Rich Protective Antigen (PfCyRPA) is a crucial component of a ternary complex, including Reticulocyte binding-like Homologous protein 5 (PfRH5) and the RH5-interacting protein (PfRipr), essential for erythrocyte invasion. Here, we present the crystal structures of PfCyRPA and its complex with the antigen-binding fragment of a parasite growth inhibitory antibody. PfCyRPA adopts a 6-bladed β-propeller structure with similarity to the classic sialidase fold, but it has no sialidase activity and fulfills a purely non-enzymatic function. Characterization of the epitope recognized by protective antibodies may facilitate design of peptidomimetics to focus vaccine responses on protective epitopes. Both in vitro and in vivo anti-PfCyRPA and anti-PfRH5 antibodies showed more potent parasite growth inhibitory activity in combination than on their own, supporting a combined delivery of PfCyRPA and PfRH5 in vaccines.
Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)5 ameliorates influenza infection via inhibition of EGFR signaling
Authors: Kedzierski Lukasz , Tate Michelle D , Hsu Alan C , Kolesnik Tatiana B , Linossi Edmond M , Dagley Laura , Dong Zhaoguang , Freeman Sarah , Infusini Giuseppe , Starkey Malcolm R , Bird Nicola L , Chatfield Simon M , Babon Jeffrey J , Huntington Nicholas , Belz Gabrielle , Webb Andrew , Wark Peter AB , Nicola Nicos A , Xu Jianqing , Kedzierska Katherine , Hansbro Philip M , Nicholson Sandra E
Published: February 2017

Influenza virus infections have a significant impact on global human health. Individuals with suppressed immunity, or suffering from chronic inflammatory conditions such as COPD, are particularly susceptible to influenza. Here we show that suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) five has a pivotal role in restricting influenza A virus in the airway epithelium, through the regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Socs5-deficient mice exhibit heightened disease severity, with increased viral titres and weight loss. Socs5 levels were differentially regulated in response to distinct influenza viruses (H1N1, H3N2, H5N1 and H11N9) and were reduced in primary epithelial cells from COPD patients, again correlating with increased susceptibility to influenza. Importantly, restoration of SOCS5 levels restricted influenza virus infection, suggesting that manipulating SOCS5 expression and/or SOCS5 targets might be a novel therapeutic approach to influenza.
A conformational switch regulates the ubiquitin ligase HUWE1
Authors: Sander Bodo , Xu Wenshan , Eilers Martin , Popov Nikita , Lorenz Sonja
Published: February 2017

The human ubiquitin ligase HUWE1 has key roles in tumorigenesis, yet it is unkown how its activity is regulated. We present the crystal structure of a C-terminal part of HUWE1, including the catalytic domain, and reveal an asymmetric auto-inhibited dimer. We show that HUWE1 dimerizes in solution and self-associates in cells, and that both occurs through the crystallographic dimer interface. We demonstrate that HUWE1 is inhibited in cells and that it can be activated by disruption of the dimer interface. We identify a conserved segment in HUWE1 that counteracts dimer formation by associating with the dimerization region intramolecularly. Our studies reveal, intriguingly, that the tumor suppressor p14ARF binds to this segment and may thus shift the conformational equilibrium of HUWE1 toward the inactive state. We propose a model, in which the activity of HUWE1 underlies conformational control in response to physiological cues—a mechanism that may be exploited for cancer therapy.
Helsepersonells erfaringer og tanker om bruk av frivillige i palliativ omsorg
Authors: Skaar Ragnhild , Fensli Marthe M. F. , Flateland Sylvi M. , Söderhamn Ulrika
Published: February 2017

Health care personnel’s experiences and thoughts on the use of volunteers in palliative care in a social perspectiveThe government of Norway is planning for the municipalities’ health care resources, including volunteering. The purpose of this study was to shed light on the experiences and thoughts of a group of health care personnel on the use of volunteers in palliative care in the community health care services, and to discuss the findings in a social perspective. Individual interviews were conducted with seven nurses and three nursing assistants. Using a qualitative content analysis three categories emerged: "The importance of organization, clarification and responsibility," "Qualifications" and "Different types of tasks," with the overarching theme: “Close monitoring and good clarification of roles can contribute to suitable volunteers functioning as an appropriate supplement for patients in palliative care in the community health care services”. The informants stated that trained health care personnel must perform the nursing tasks in palliative care while volunteers can be a positive supplement for the patient.
Comparison of Analgesic Effects of Novafen and Ibuprofen after Periodontal Surgeries
Authors: Babaloo Amirreza , Rahbar Mahdi , Ghasemi Shima , Chitsazi Mohammadtaghi , Moradzadeh Hamed
Published: February 2017

Introduction: Management of pain after dental procedures is one of the most important issues for dentists. Non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents, such as ibuprofen, are one of the most commonly used medications to relieve pain. Recently a new medication, Novafen, has been introduced into the Iranian pharmaceutical market, which is a combination of ibuprofen, acetaminophen and caffeine. Considering the importance of management of pain after periodontal surgeries and a paucity of studies in this respect, the present study was undertaken to compare the analgesic efficacy of Novafen and ibuprofen in alleviating pain after periodontal surgeries. Materials and methods: In the present controlled randomized clinical trial, 30 systemically healthy subjects with moderate to severe generalized chronic periodontitis, who were candidates for flap surgeries were evaluated in two groups with 30 areas in each group (two areas in each patient). After the periodontal surgical procedures, the subjects in group 1 received Novafen capsules (containing 325 mg of acetaminophen, 200 mg of ibuprofen and 40 mg of caffeine) and the subjects in group 2 received ibuprofen (400 mg). The medications were selected from one pharmaceutical company and the patients only used the medications they received. The severity of pain was determined and compared at 3-minute, 1-hour and 3-hour intervals using VAS and 1, 2 and 3 days postoperatively using VRS. Results: Severity of pain at 30-minute interval in the Novafen group was significantly less than that in the ibuprofen group, with no significant differences at 1- and 3-hour intervals. However, VRS revealed significantly less pain 1, 2 and 3 days postoperatively in the Novafen group compared to the ibuprofen group. Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded than Novafen can be more effective after periodontal surgeries in alleviating pain. However, its pain control capacity was similar to that of ibuprofen during the early postoperative hours, with better performance 1‒3  days postoperatively.Key words: Novafen; ibuprofen; pain relief; periodontal surgery; Analgesia;
The Comparison of learning radiographic extraoral landmarks through two methods
Authors: Razi Tahmineh , Sighari Deljavan Alireza
Published: February 2017

Objectives: The long time interval between teaching anatomy courses to students and the courses on extraoral radiographs results in forgetting the location of radiographic anatomic landmarks without any retention; therefore, it is necessary to use other educational techniques due to short duration of educational courses. To this end, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of a combination of lectures and computer techniques on teaching extraoral radiographs to undergraduate dental students. Methods: In the present interventional study, dental students entering the university in the same year (referred to as one class) were divided into two groups; one group received conventional teaching and one group received combinational teaching technique. Students entering the next year were taught using the same teaching techniques. The results were compared between groups and classes. Results: Comparison of the results of the first test between the two classes showed significant differences between the two groups (P<0.001). Comparison of the results of the second test between the two classes revealed no significant differences in the conventional method (P=0.76); however, the combination technique exhibited significant differences (P=0.006). In the first test, comparison of the two techniques in the students entering the university in 2006 showed no significant differences (P=0.055); however, students entering the university in 2007 exhibited significant differences (P=0.03). In the second test, comparison of the two techniques in both classes revealed significant differences (P<0.001).Conclusion: If more time is allocated to the combination technique, learning improves even in a short time. This method can replace the conventional method to teach interpretation of extraoral radiographs after evaluation of academic level of the studies. Keywords: Computer-assisted learning; extra-oral radiography; lecture;
An open source device for operant licking in rats
Authors: Longley Matthew , Willis Ethan L. , Tay Cindy X. , Chen Hao
Published: February 2017

We created an easy-to-use device for operant licking experiments and another device that records environmental variables. Both devices use the Raspberry Pi computer to obtain data from multiple input devices (e.g., radio frequency identification tag readers, touch and motion sensors, environmental sensors) and activate output devices (e.g., LED lights, syringe pumps) as needed. Data gathered from these devices are stored locally on the computer but can be automatically transferred to a remote server via a wireless network. We tested the operant device by training rats to obtain either sucrose or water under the control of a fixed ratio, a variable ratio, or a progressive ratio reinforcement schedule. The lick data demonstrated that the device has sufficient precision and time resolution to record the fast licking behavior of rats. Data from the environment monitoring device also showed reliable measurements. By providing the source code and 3D design under an open source license, we believe these examples will stimulate innovation in behavioral studies. The source code can be found at http://github.com/chen42/openbehavior.
Petersen's Hernia after Esophagectomy With Antesternal Jejunal Reconstruction: Case Report
Authors: Kudo Kenji , Narumiya Kosuke , Shirai Yuji , Yagawa Yohsuke , Ota Masaho , Yamamoto Masakazu
Published: February 2017

Petersen's hernia after esophagectomy is quite rare. The patient was a 75-year-old man who had undergone esophagectomy via right thoracotomy and reconstruction with a jejunal loop by the antesternal route in 2014. In March 2015, severe acute abdominal pain occurred the next day. A contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography scan revealed a diffuse low density area in the abdominal cavity and partial dilatation of the small intestine with torsion of the superior mesenteric artery. The patient underwent emergency laparotomy, revealing chyle-like ascites and pallor of almost the entire small intestine due to circulatory impairment because of strangulation after herniation through Petersen's defect. After strangulation was relieved, the color and motility of the small intestine recovered rapidly. Then we closed the defect between the jejunal pedicle and the transverse mesocolon. This is the first English report showing Petersen's hernia after esophagectomy.
Dynamic analysis of the polar ionosphere using the GPS signal: Toward an optimization of the cutoff scale
Authors: Mezaoui H. , Hamza A. M. , Jayachandran P. T.
Published: February 2017

Using Global Navigation Satellite System observations, such as the amplitude and the phase components of the GPS L1 signal, ionospheric scintillation is characterized and quantified using indices derived from those observables. However, the background electron density of the ionosphere is not stationary, presenting a trend and a nonzero mean, and the GPS motion induces a Doppler shift that will contribute to the nonstationary aspect of the signal; hence, the multiscale nature of the diffracted signal makes it difficult to extract the components of the signal that correspond to scintillation. Constructing scintillation indices from a signal that has a nonscintillation component will lead to erroneous estimation and biased characterization of the scintillation. In this context, we present a technique aiming at retrieving the scintillation components from the raw, transionospheric radio signals. Using wavelet analysis, we define and maximize the entropy of the system, which is composed of two subsystems corresponding to scintillation and nonscintillation contributions. The Tsallis entropy has been considered for the power component, for which a non‐Gaussian behavior has been observed. This entropy is based on a nonextensive approach that introduces a parameter q, quantifying the nonextensivity. On the other hand, the phase presents a Gaussian behavior and is analyzed using the Shannon‐Gibbs entropy. In both cases, the optimum cutoff scale, delimiting the scintillation components, is estimated via the maximization of the entropy, which, as defined here, is a function of the temporal scale. This optimization of the cutoff scale will be key in the construction of an optimum, unbiased index quantifying the ionospheric scintillation using GPS signal.