bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the Flexural Behavior and Damage Mechanisms of Flax/Cork Sandwich Panels Manufactured by Liquid Thermoplastic Resin
Authors: Ait Talaoul Anas , Assarar Mustapha , Zouari Wajdi , Ayad Rezak , Mazian Brahim , Behlouli Karim
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the flexural behavior of three sandwich panels composed of an agglomerated cork core and skins made up of cross-ply [0,90]2 flax or glass layers with areal densities of 100 and 300 g/m2. They are designated by SF100, SF300, and SG300, where S, F, and G stand for sandwich material, flax fiber, and glass fiber, respectively. The three sandwich materials were fabricated in a single step using vacuum infusion with the liquid thermoplastic resin Elium®. Specimens of these sandwich materials were subjected to three-point bending tests at five span lengths (80, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mm). Each specimen was equipped with two piezoelectric sensors to record acoustic activity during the bending, facilitating the identification of the main damage mechanisms leading to flexural failure. The acoustic signals were analyzed to first track the initiation and propagation of damage and, second, to correlate these signals with the mechanical behavior of the sandwich materials. The obtained results indicate that SF300 exhibits 60% and 49% higher flexural and shear stiffness, respectively, than SG300. Moreover, a comparison of the specific mechanical properties reveals that SF300 offers the best compromise in terms of the flexural properties. Moreover, the acoustic emission (AE) analysis allowed the identification of the main damage mechanisms, including matrix cracking, fiber failure, fiber/matrix, and core/skin debonding, as well as their chronology during the flexural tests. Three-dimensional micro-tomography reconstructions and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations were performed to confirm the identified damage mechanisms. Finally, a correlation between these observations and the AE signals is proposed to classify the damage mechanisms according to their corresponding amplitude ranges.
Numerical and Experimental Study on the Hydrodynamic Performance of a Sloping OWC Wave Energy Converter Device Integrated into Breakwater
Authors: Tao Taotao , Deng Zhengzhi , Li Mengyao , Cheng Pengda , Luo Wenbo
Published: December 2024

This study presents numerical and experimental investigations on an oscillating water column (OWC) wave energy device integrated into a sloping breakwater. Regular waves were generated in a physical wave tank to investigate the hydrodynamic performance and extraction efficiency of the small-scale nested OWC device. Simultaneously, to complement various scenarios, numerical simulations were conducted using the open-source computational fluid dynamics platform OpenFOAM. The volume of fluid (VOF) method was employed to capture the complex evolution of the air–water interface, and an artificial source term (Forchheimer flow region) was introduced into the Navier–Stokes equations to replace the power take-off (PTO) system. By analyzing wave reflection properties, energy absorption efficiency, and wave run-up, the hydrodynamic characteristics of the inclined OWC device were explored. The comparison between the numerical and experimental results indicate a good consistence. A smaller front wall draft broadens the high-efficiency frequency bandwidth. For relatively long waves, increasing the air chamber width enhances energy conversion efficiency and reduces wave run-up. The optimal configuration was achieved with the following dimensionless parameters: front wall draft a/h=1/3, air chamber width d1/h=2/9, and slope i=2. Due to the sloped structure, when compared with a vertical OWC, long waves can more easily enter the chamber. This causes the efficient frequency bandwidth to shift towards the low frequency range, allowing more wave energy to be converted into pneumatic energy. As a result, wave run-up is reduced, enhancing the protective function of the breakwater.
ZnO–Polyaniline Nanocomposite Functionalised with Laccase Enzymes for Electrochemical Detection of Cetyltrimethylammonuium Bromide (CTAB)
Authors: Kyomuhimbo Hilda Dinah , Feleni Usisipho , Haneklaus Nils Hendrik , Brink Hendrik Gideon
Published: December 2024

The direct discharge of cationic surfactants into environmental matrices has exponentially increased due to their wide application in many products. These compounds and their degraded products disrupt microbial dynamics, hinder plant survival, and affect human health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop electroanalytical assessment techniques for their identification, determination, and monitoring. In our study, ZnO-PANI nanocomposites were electrodeposited on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), followed by the immobilization of laccase enzymes and the electrodeposition of polypyrrole (PPy), to form a biosensor that was used for the detection of CTAB. A UV-Vis analysis showed bands corresponding to the π-π* transition of benzenoid and quinoid rings, π-polaron band transition and n-π*polaronic transitions associated with the extended coil chain conformation of PANI, and the presence and interaction of ZnO with PANI and type 3 copper in the laccase enzymes. The FTIR analysis exhibited peaks corresponding to N-H and C-N stretches and bends for amine, C=C stretches for conjugated alkenes, and a C-H bend for aromatic compounds. A high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) analysis proved that PANI and ZnO-PANI were deposited as fibres with hairy topography resulting from covalent bonding with the laccase enzymes. The modified electrode (PPy-6/GCE) was used as a platform for the detection of CTAB with three linear ranges of 0.5–100 µM, 200–500 µM, and 700–1900 µM. The sensor displayed a high sensitivity of 0.935 μA μM−1 cm−2, a detection limit of 0.0116 µM, and acceptable recoveries of 95.02% and 87.84% for tap water and wastewater, respectively.
An Automated Semantic Segmentation Methodology for Infrared Thermography Analysis of the Human Hand
Authors: Arnal Melchior , Bourrilhon Cyprien , Beauchamps Vincent , Sauvet Fabien , Zahouani Hassan , Thieulin Coralie
Published: December 2024

Infrared thermography is a non-invasive measurement method that can accurately describe immediate temperature changes of an object. In the case of continuous in vivo hand measurements, extracting correct thermal data requires a first step of image segmentation to identify regions of interest. This step can be difficult due to parasitic hand movements. It is therefore necessary to regularly readjust the segmented areas throughout the recording. This process is time-consuming and presents a particular obstacle to studying a large number of areas of the hand and long duration sequences. In this work, we propose an automated segmentation methodology that can automatically detect these regions on the hand. This method differs from previous literature because it uses a secondary visual camera and a combination of computer vision and machine learning feature identification. The obtained segmentation models were compared to models segmented by two human operators via Dice and Intersection-over-Union coefficients. The results obtained are very positive: we were able to decompose the images acquired via IRT with our developed algorithms, regardless of the temperature variation, and this with processing times of less than a second. Thus, this technology can be used to study the long-term thermal kinetics of the human hand by automatic feature detection, even in situations where the hand temperature experiences a significant variation.
IoRT-Based Middleware for Heterogeneous Multi-Robot Systems
Authors: Cuadros Zegarra Emil , Barrios Aranibar Dennis , Cardinale Yudith
Published: December 2024

The concurrence of social robots with different functionalities and cyber-physical systems in indoor environments has recently been increasing in many fields, such as medicine, education, and industry. In such scenarios, the collaboration of such heterogeneous robots demands effective communication for task completion. The concept of the Internet of Robotic Things (IoRT) is introduced as a potential solution, leveraging technologies like Artificial Intelligence, Cloud Computing, and Mesh Networks. This paper proposes an IoRT-based middleware that allows the communication of different types of robot operating systems in dynamic environments, using a cloud-based protocol. This middleware facilitates task assignment, training, and planning for heterogeneous robots, while enabling distributed communication via WiFi. The system operates in two control modes: local and cloud-based, for flexible communication and information distribution. This work highlights the challenges of current communication methods, particularly in ensuring information reach, agility, and handling diverse robots. To demonstrate the middleware suitability and applicability, an implementation of a proof-of-concept is shown in a touristic scenario where several guide robots can collaborate by effectively sharing information gathered from their heterogeneous sensor systems, with the aid of cloud processing or even internal communication processes. Results show that the performance of the middleware allows real-time applications for heterogeneous multi-robot systems in different domains.
Regional Variability and Domain-Specific Acceptance of Philippine English Expressions Among Younger Filipinos
Authors: Rentillo Philip , Casalan Marvin , Gustilo Leah
Published: December 2024

Philippine English (PhE) is a dynamic variety of the English language influenced by local languages and cultures. Despite its widespread use, PhE acceptability studies have often focused on Metro Manila, neglecting regional variations. This study aims to explore the acceptability of PhE expressions or Filipinisms across different regions and communication domains among younger Filipinos, addressing the gap in regional representation in previous research. We gathered data employing the Philippine English Acceptability Questionnaire (PEAQ) involving 160 undergraduate students from Luzon, Visayas, Mindanao, and the National Capital Region. The questionnaire included 100 items from various etymological origins and asked respondents to rate their acceptability across formal and informal, written and spoken domains. Our findings indicate a high overall acceptability of PhE expressions across all regions, with the National Capital Region showing slightly lower acceptance rates. Certain expressions were preferred in specific domains, such as legal terms in formal contexts and everyday terms in informal settings. The study confirms the strong acceptance of PhE expressions among younger Filipinos, suggesting a move towards endonormative stabilization of PhE, challenging previous findings of limited acceptance and highlighting the influence of digital media on language use. In addition, our findings have implications for language planning and policy reforms, suggesting that PhE local expressions can be more prominently included in academic and professional settings. Despite limitations in sampling and geographic representation, this study significantly contributes to the understanding of PhE’s evolving status in the linguistic landscape of the Philippines.
Gyroid Lattice Heat Exchangers: Comparative Analysis on Thermo-Fluid Dynamic Performances
Authors: Dassi Ludovico , Chatterton Steven , Parenti Paolo , Pennacchi Paolo
Published: December 2024

In recent years, additive manufacturing has reached the required reliability to effectively compete with standard production techniques of mechanical components. In particular, the geometrical freedom enabled by innovative manufacturing techniques has revolutionized the design trends for compact heat exchangers. Bioinspired structures, such as the gyroid lattice, have relevant mechanical and heat exchange properties for their light weight and increased heat exchange area, which also promotes the turbulent regime of the coolant. This work focuses its attention on the effect of the relevant design parameters of the gyroid lattice on heat exchange performances. A numerical comparative analysis is carried out from the thermal and fluid dynamic points of view to give design guidelines. The results of numerical analyses, performed on cylindrical samples, are compared to the experimental results on the pressure drop. Lattices samples were successfully printed with material extrusion, which is a low-cost and easy-to-use metal AM technology. For each lattice sample, counter pressure, heat exchange, and turbulence intensity ratio are calculated from the numerical point of view and discussed. At the end, the gyroid lattice is proven to be very effective at enhancing the heat exchange in cylindrical pipes. Guidelines are given about the choice of the best lattice, depending on the considered applications.
Transitioning from Simulation to Reality: Applying Chatter Detection Models to Real-World Machining Data
Authors: Alberts Matthew , St. John Sam , Odie Simon , Khojandi Anahita , Jared Bradley , Schmitz Tony , Karandikar Jaydeep , Coble Jamie B.
Published: December 2024

Chatter, a self-excited vibration phenomenon, is a critical challenge in high-speed machining operations, affecting tool life, product surface quality, and overall process efficiency. While machine learning models trained on simulated data have shown promise in detecting chatter, their real-world applicability remains uncertain due to discrepancies between simulated and actual machining environments. The primary goal of this study is to bridge the gap between simulation-based machine learning models and real-world applications by developing and validating a Random Forest-based chatter detection system. This research focuses on improving manufacturing efficiency through reliable chatter detection by integrating Operational Modal Analysis (OMA), Receptance Coupling Substructure Analysis (RCSA), and Transfer Learning (TL). The study applies a Random Forest classification model trained on over 140,000 simulated machining datasets, incorporating techniques like Operational Modal Analysis (OMA), Receptance Coupling Substructure Analysis (RCSA), and Transfer Learning (TL) to adapt the model for real-world operational data. The model is validated against 1600 real-world machining datasets, achieving an accuracy of 86.1%, with strong precision and recall scores. The results demonstrate the model’s robustness and potential for practical implementation in industrial settings, highlighting challenges such as sensor noise and variability in machining conditions. This work advances the use of predictive analytics in machining processes, offering a data-driven solution to improve manufacturing efficiency through more reliable chatter detection.
Oscillation of Third-Order Thomas–Fermi-Type Nonlinear Differential Equations with an Advanced Argument
Authors: Purushothaman Ganesh , Chandrasekaran Ekambaram , Graef John R. , Thandapani Ethiraju
Published: December 2024

In this paper, the authors obtain some new sufficient conditions for the oscillation of all solutions of Thomas–Fermi-type third-order nonlinear differential equations with advanced argument of the form (a2(t)(a1(t)y′(t))′)′−q(t)yα(σ(t))=0, under the assumptions that ∫t0∞1a2(t)dt<∞ and ∫t0∞1a1(t)dt=∞. The results are achieved by transforming the equation into a canonical-type equation and then applying integral averaging techniques and the comparison method to obtain oscillation criteria for the transformed equation. This in turn will imply the oscillation of the original equation. Several examples are provided to illustrate the significance of the main results.
The Analysis of Volatility for Non-Ferrous Metal Futures in Chinese Market Based on Multifractal Perspective
Authors: Yin Tao , Huang Shuang-Shuang , Wang Yiming , Yuan George Xianzhi
Published: December 2024

The goal of this paper is to study the behavior of non-ferrous metal futures’ volatilities in Chinese future market by applying a multifractal perspective. In particular, in order to obtain key indicators that describe the characterization of non-ferrous metal futures’ volatility behavior, we uses noise-removed EMD-MF-DFA and original MF-DFA methods to conduct a comparative analysis on the return time series of four non-ferrous metal futures, which are Aluminum future, Copper future, Zinc future and Lead future traded on the Shanghai Futures Exchange. This numerical study shows that the indicator established in characterizing the volatility of four non-ferrous metal futures is robust. In addition, we have the following four conclusions: First, there are obvious multifractal phenomena of non-ferrous metal futures in Chinese market, and it shows that Aluminum future has the largest degree of multifractality, and Copper future has the smallest degree of multifractality, which indicates that Aluminum future has the highest volatility complexity, and Copper future has the smallest volatility complexity. Second, it is found that the volatility complexity of these four non-ferrous metal futures is caused by long-range correlation. Third, this study also supports the current judgment that “Copper future has the greatest investment opportunity”. Finally, combined with analysis results, we also give suggestions to investors, producers, and regulators body for non-ferrous metal futures market in China.
Research on the Weldability and Service Performance of 7075 Aluminum Alloy Welding Wire Prepared by Spray Forming–Extrusion–Drawing
Authors: Zhou Chunkai , Li Xiaoping , Hua Gao
Published: December 2024

A large number of MIG welding tests were carried out on a 3 mm thick 7075 aluminum alloy plate prepared by the self-developed jet forming–extrusion–drawing process of 7075 high-strength aluminum alloy welding wire, and the welding process of the welding wire and the change in the performance of the welded joint after T6 heat treatment were studied. The results show that the self-developed wire has a good forming joint and a wide welding process window: the welding speed is 5–7 mm/s, and the welding current is 100–150 A. The main precipitated phases in the joint were η(MgZn2), S(CuMgAl2), Mg2Si, and Al13Fe4, which were continuously distributed at the grain boundaries in the form of coarse networks or long strips, which was an important reason for the weak performance of the joints. After the heat treatment of T6, the precipitated phase in the joint was greatly reduced, the element segregation phenomenon was improved, and the residual precipitated phase was mainly Al13Fe4 and a small amount of insoluble phase Fe and Si, and the recrystallization size of the heat-affected zone was refined. Through heat treatment, the average microhardness of the joint was increased from 110 HV to 150.24 HV, and the tensile strength was increased from 326 MPa to 536 MPa, reaching 97.5% of the strength of the base metal, indicating that the softening phenomenon was significantly improved after heat treatment, and the joint had excellent performance.
Bacterial Community Structure and Environmental Driving Factors in the Surface Sediments of Six Mangrove Sites from Guangxi, China
Authors: Liu Ying , Chen Songze , Liang Jinyu , Song Jingjing , Sun Yue , Liao Riquan , Liang Mingzhong , Cao Hongming , Chen Xiuhao , Wu Yuxia , Bei Liting , Pan Yuting , Yan Baishu , Li Yunru , Tao Yun , Bu Rongping , Gong Bin
Published: December 2024

Mangroves, as blue carbon reservoirs, provide a unique habitat for supporting a variety of microorganisms. Among these, bacteria play crucial roles in the biogeochemical processes of mangrove sediments. However, little is known about their community composition, spatial distribution patterns, and environmental driving factors, particularly across the large geographical scales of mangrove wetlands. In this study, the composition and spatial distribution of the bacterial community structure and its response to fifteen physicochemical parameters (including temperature, pH, salinity, moisture, clay, silt, sand, organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), inorganic phosphorus (IP), organic phosphorus (OP), δ13C, δ15N, and carbon/nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio)) were characterized in 32 sampling locations of six different mangrove habitats from Guangxi, China, applying 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing technology and correlation analysis. Our results indicated that the spatial distribution patterns in bacterial communities were significantly different among the six different mangrove sites, as evidenced by NMDS (non-metric multidimensional scaling), ANOSIM (analysis of similarity), and LDA (linear discriminant analysis) analysis. Composition analysis of bacterial communities showed that overall, Chloroflexi (8.3–31.6%), Proteobacteria (13.6–30.1%), Bacteroidota (5.0–24.6%), and Desulfobacterota (3.8–24.0%) were the most abundant bacterial phyla in the mangrove surface sediments. Redundancy analysis (RDA) further highlighted that salinity, δ13C, temperature, δ15N, and silt were the most critical environmental variables influencing the composition of bacterial communities across the whole mangrove samples. Notably, Chloroflexi, one of the most abundant bacterial phyla in the mangrove wetlands, displayed a significantly positive correlation with OC and a negative correlation with δ13C, suggesting its essential role in the degradation of terrestrial-derived organic carbon. These findings support the current understanding of the roles of the bacterial communities and their interactions with environmental factors in diverse mangrove ecosystems.
Susceptibility Patterns in Clinical Isolates of Mycobacterium avium Complex from a Hospital in Southern Spain
Authors: González Martínez Adrián , Aguilera María , Tarriño María , Alberola Ana , Reguera Juan Antonio , Sampedro Antonio , Navarro Jose María , Rodríguez Granger Javier
Published: December 2024

The incidence of infections caused by the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) has risen significantly, posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This study analyzed 134 clinical isolates of the Mycobacterium avium complex from southern Spain, performing in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing using a commercial microdilution technique to generate additional data, refine treatment strategies, and improve patient outcomes. Phenotypic susceptibility testing revealed clarithromycin and amikacin as the most effective antibiotics, with susceptibility rates exceeding 90%, while linezolid and moxifloxacin exhibited limited activity, with resistance rates of 49.3% and 41.8%. A comparative analysis between M. avium and M. intracellulare showed significant differences in resistance to amikacin and linezolid, with M. avium exhibiting higher resistance rates. Additionally, species-specific differences were observed in MIC distributions for ethionamide, ciprofloxacin, and streptomycin. Our data reveal regional variability in resistance patterns, particularly for moxifloxacin and linezolid, which exhibit differing resistance rates compared to studies from other regions. The significant MIC differences for several antibiotics between M. avium and M. intracellulare underscore the importance of species-level identification and the heterogeneity in resistance mechanisms within MAC.
Different Treatments on the Physicochemical Properties and Volatile Components of Tea Wine During Storage Period
Authors: Huang Fang , Yan Yu-Hong , Yao Qing-Bo , Li Meng-Na , Ma Jun-Wei , Zhang Zhi-Hong , Huang Yan-Yan , Jia Xiang-Ze
Published: December 2024

Tea wine has garnered significant attention due to its unique fusion of tea and wine flavors, as well as its alleged health benefits. This study aimed to investigate the effects of various treatments on the physicochemical properties of tea wine, including viable cell counts, pH, acidity, total ester content, tea polyphenol content, and volatile flavoring substances during the storage period. The findings indicated that tea wine subjected to low-temperature plasma (LTPS) treatment exhibited superior quality maintenance and an enhanced tea polyphenol content compared to untreated, UV-treated, and HTHP-treated tea wine. Analysis of volatile compounds revealed that the LTPS group exhibited the highest relative content of alcohols and esters (89.72%) during storage, thereby enhancing the fruity and sweet aroma of the tea wine. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of low-temperature plasma technology in the storage of tea wine.
Sensitive and Discriminative Fluorescent Detection of Volatile Primary Aliphatic Diamine Vapors from Monoamines
Authors: Attinà Agostino , Oliveri Ivan Pietro , Gaeta Massimiliano , Di Bella Santo
Published: December 2024

The discriminative detection of volatile primary aliphatic diamines (VPADs) is a relevant and timely issue. This paper explores the distinctive optical features of H-type and J-type aggregates on paper-based (PB) films, namely H-PB and J-PB films, respectively, of a Lewis acidic Zn(salen)-type complex upon chemisorption of vapors of ditopic VPADs versus those of monotopic volatile amines. While volatile monotopic Lewis bases upon chemisorption give rise to mono-adducts accompanied by enhancement of the fluorescence, in contrast, VPADs act as ditopic bases forming di-adducts with distinct optical properties, leading to fluorescence quenching. This behavior enables the sensitive and discriminative detection of VPAD vapors from those of volatile monoamines. For example, for ethylenediamine (EDA), using J-PB films, sensitive detection is achieved with a LOD down to 6.6 ppm, lower than the OSHA permissible exposure limit of 10 ppm for EDA, and a linear dynamic range up to 100 ppm. Instead, H-PB films enable the detection of EDA vapors at higher ppm concentrations (up to 3000 ppm) with a linearity of up to 1000 ppm. Thus, the combination of both H-PB and J-PB films of the Zn(salen)-type complex represents a unique example of the sensitive and discriminative detection of EDA vapors in such a wide concentration range.
Spectroscopic Properties and Biological Activity of Fluphenazine Conjugates with Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Kowalska Oliwia , Piergies Natalia , Barbasz Anna , Niemiec Piotr , Gnacek Patrycja , Duraczyńska Dorota , Oćwieja Magdalena
Published: December 2024

Fluphenazine (FPZ) is a well-known neuroleptic that has attracted considerable scientific interest due to its biocidal, virucidal, and antitumor properties. Although methods for encapsulating and delivering FPZ to enhance its activity and reduce side effects have been developed, there is still limited knowledge about its conjugates with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Therefore, the aim of this research was to develop a preparation method for stable FPZ-AuNP conjugates and to investigate their physicochemical and biological properties. FPZ-AuNP conjugates were synthesized via a ligand exchange process on the surface of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with an average size of 17 ± 5 nm. Electrokinetic measurements revealed that the zeta potential of FPZ-AuNPs is affected by both their composition and pH. The FPZ-AuNPs exhibited an isoelectric point due to the acid–base properties of FPZ. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), combined with density functional theory (DFT), was used to determine the adsorption structure of FPZ after conjugation. Studies with human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) revealed that FPZ-AuNP conjugates more effectively reduced cell viability compared to citrate-stabilized AuNPs alone or free FPZ molecules. The reduction in SH-SY5Y cell viability was found to be dependent on the FPZ-AuNP concentration.
Research and Performance Evaluation of Environmentally Friendly Shale Inhibitor TIL-NH2 for Shale Gas Horizontal Wells
Authors: Tian Yuexin , Liu Xiangjun , Liu Yintao , Dong Haifeng , Zhang Guodong , Su Biao , Liu Xiaofeng , Hu Yifan , Huang Jinjun , Lu Zeze
Published: December 2024

Wellbore instability caused by hydration during the development of shale gas reservoirs poses significant challenges to drilling engineering. In this study, a novel and environmentally friendly shale inhibitor, TIL-NH2, was synthesized via free radical polymerization using 1-vinylimidazole and N-(2-bromoethyl)-1,3-propanediamine dihydrobromide as the main raw materials. The molecular structure of TIL-NH2 was characterized by infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. Incorporating imidazole cations and amino bifunctional groups, TIL-NH2 exhibits excellent inhibitory performance and environmental friendliness. Its performance was systematically evaluated through linear swelling tests, shale cuttings rolling recovery tests, permeability recovery experiments, and dynamic adsorption analyses. The results indicate the following: (1) At a concentration of 1.2 wt%, TIL-NH2 reduced the linear swelling height of shale by 65.69%, significantly outperforming traditional inhibitors like KCl and NW-1. (2) Under conditions of 140 °C, the cuttings rolling recovery rate of TIL-NH2 reached 88.12%, demonstrating excellent high-temperature resistance. (3) Permeability recovery experiments showed that at a concentration of 2.0 wt%, TIL-NH2 achieved a permeability recovery rate of 90.58%, effectively mitigating formation damage. (4) Dynamic adsorption experiments indicated that at a concentration of 2.5 wt%, the adsorption capacity tended toward saturation, reaching 26.00 mg/g, demonstrating stable adsorption capability. Additionally, environmental friendliness evaluations revealed that TIL-NH2 has a degradation rate exceeding 90% within 28 days, and its acute toxicity is significantly lower than that of traditional inhibitors like KCl (the LC50 of TIL-NH2 is 1080.3 mg/L, whereas KCl is only 385.4 mg/L). This research provides a high-efficiency and environmentally friendly new inhibitor for green drilling fluid systems in horizontal shale gas wells, offering important references for technological advancements in unconventional energy development.
A Moderate Intake of Beer Improves Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) in a High-Fat Diet (HFD)-Induced Mouse Model
Authors: Vornoli Andrea , Souid Aymen , Lazzari Barbara , Turri Federica , Pizzi Flavia , Bramanti Emilia , Campanella Beatrice , Trouki Cheherazade , Raffaelli Andrea , Wójcik Marta , Della Croce Clara Maria , Giorgetti Lucia , Longo Vincenzo , Capra Emanuele , Pozzo Luisa
Published: December 2024

Beer and its components show potential for reducing hepatic steatosis in rodent models through multiple mechanisms. This study aimed to evaluate beer’s anti-steatotic effects in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mouse model of Metabolic dysfunction-Associated Liver Disease (MASLD) and to explore the underlying mechanisms. In the HFD group, steatosis was confirmed by altered blood parameters, weight gain, elevated liver lipid content, and histological changes. These markers were normalized in the HFD+beer group, reaching levels similar to the control (CTR) group. Protein carbonylation and lipid peroxidation levels were consistent across all groups, suggesting that the model represents an early stage of MASLD without oxidative stress. Transcriptomic and CpG methylation analyses revealed clear distinctions between the CTR and HFD groups. RNA sequencing identified 162 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the CTR and HFD groups, primarily related to inflammation and lipid regulation. Beer consumption modified the health of the HFD mice, affecting inflammation but not lipid homeostasis (CTR vs. HFD+beer, DEGs = 43). The CpG methylation analysis indicated that beer lowered methylation, impacting genes linked to lipid accumulation and inflammation. A cecal metabolite analysis suggested that beer improved short-chain fatty acid metabolism (SCFA). In summary, a moderate beer intake may mitigate MASLD by modulating lipid metabolism and SCFA pathways, likely through polyphenol activity.
Unlocking Trust and Acceptance in Tomorrow’s Ride: How In-Vehicle Intelligent Agents Redefine SAE Level 5 Autonomy
Authors: Demir Cansu , Meschtscherjakov Alexander , Gärtner Magdalena
Published: December 2024

As fully automated vehicles (FAVs) advance towards SAE Level 5 automation, the role of in-vehicle intelligent agents (IVIAs) in shaping passenger experience becomes critical. Even at SAE Level 5 automation, effective communication between the vehicle and the passenger will remain crucial to ensure a sense of safety, trust, and engagement. This study explores how different types and combinations of information provided by IVIAs influence user experience, acceptance, and trust. A sample of 25 participants was recruited for the study, which experienced a fully automated ride in a driving simulator, interacting with Iris, an IVIA designed for voice-only communication. The study utilized both qualitative and quantitative methods to assess participants’ perceptions. Findings indicate that critical and vehicle-status-related information had the highest positive impact on trust and acceptance, while personalized information, though valued, raised privacy concerns. Participants showed high engagement with non-driving-related activities, reflecting a high level of trust in the FAV’s performance. Interaction with the anthropomorphic IVIA was generally well received, but concerns about system transparency and information overload were noted. The study concludes that IVIAs play a crucial role in fostering passenger trust in FAVs, with implications for future design enhancements that emphasize emotional intelligence, personalization, and transparency. These findings contribute to the ongoing development of IVIAs and the broader adoption of automated driving technologies.
Moving Toward Biomimetic Tissue-Engineered Scaffolds
Authors: Baiguera Silvia , Di Silvio Lucy , Del Gaudio Costantino
Published: December 2024

Advancing experimental methodologies to accurately replicate the physiological and pathological characteristics of biological tissues is pivotal in tissue engineering [...]
Investigation of the Impact of an Electric Field on Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Mohamed Hamdy F. M. , Abdel-Hady Esam E. , Hassanien Mohamed H. M. , Mohammed Wael M.
Published: December 2024

A systematic study was carried out on Nafion® 112 membranes to evaluate the effects of different electric field strengths on the structural and electrical properties of the membranes. The membranes were subjected to different electric field strengths (0, 40, 80, and 140 MV/m) at a temperature of 90 °C. Proton conductivity was measured using an LCR meter, revealing that conductivity values varied with the electric field strengths, with the optimal conductivity observed at 40 MV/m. Positron annihilation lifetime (PAL) spectroscopy provided insights into the free volume structure of the membranes, showing an exponential increase in the hole volume size as the electric field strength increased. It was also found that the positronium intensity of the Nafion® 112 membranes was influenced by their degree of crystallinity, which decreased with higher electric field strengths. This indicates complex interactions between structural changes and the effects of the electric field. Dielectric studies of the membranes were characterized over a frequency range of 50 Hz to 5 MHz, demonstrating adherence to Jonscher’s law. The Jonscher’s power law’s s-parameter values increased with the electric field strength, suggesting a transition from a hopping conduction mechanism to more organized ionic transport. Overall, the study emphasizes the relationship between the free volume, crystallinity, and macroscopic characteristics, such as ionic conductivity. The study highlights the potential to adjust membrane performance by varying the electric field.
Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the G-Protein Gene Family in Barley Under Abiotic Stresses
Authors: Han Ailing , Xu Zhengyuan , Cai Zhenyu , Zheng Yuling , Chen Mingjiong , Wu Liyuan , Shen Qiufang
Published: December 2024

Heterotrimeric G-proteins are fundamental signal transducers highly conserved in plant species, which play crucial roles in regulating plant growth, development, and responses to abiotic stresses. Identification of G-protein members and their expression patterns in plants are essential for improving crop resilience against environmental stresses. Here, we identified eight heterotrimeric G-protein genes localized on four chromosomes within the barley genome by using comprehensive genome-wide analysis. Phylogenetic analysis classified these genes into four distinct subgroups with obvious evolutionary relationships. Further analysis on gene structure, protein motif, and structure indicated that G-proteins within each evolutionary branch exhibited similar exon-intron organization, conserved motif patterns, and structural features. Collinearity analysis showed no significant collinear relationships among those G-protein genes, indicating a unique evolutionary trajectory within barley. Moreover, cis-regulatory elements detected in the upstream sequences of these genes were involved in response to plant hormones and signaling molecules. Expression analyses revealed tissue-specific expression patterns and differential regulation in response to abiotic stresses. The expression patterns of G-protein genes were further validated using a quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) technique, indicating the reliability of transcriptomic data, as well as special responses to salt, drought, and waterlogging stresses. These findings may provide underlying mechanisms by which G-protein genes participate in salt tolerance of barley, and also highlight candidate genes for potential genetic engineering applications in improving crop resilience to salinity stress.
Anthropogenic Drivers of Small-Island Effects in Urban Remnant Woody Plants
Authors: Kong Di , Wang Kai , Dong Lin , Yang Jinming , Gao Zhiwen , Liang Hong
Published: December 2024

The positive relationship between species richness and area is a fundamental principle in ecology. However, this pattern deviates on small islands, where species richness either changes independently of area or increases at a slower rate—a phenomenon known as the Small-Island Effect (SIE). While the SIE has been well documented in natural ecosystem, its presence in highly fragmented and disturbed urban ecosystem remains unexplored, posing challenges for urban vegetation conservation. Urban remnant vegetation, isolated by surrounding infrastructures, preserves intact zonal vegetation characteristics, serves as a benchmark for restoring near-natural habitats and offers ideal conditions to test the existence of the SIE in urban area landscapes. In this study, we surveyed 17 remnant vegetation patches in Qingdao City, China. A total of 331 plants attributed to 255 genera in 81 families have been recorded. Firstly, by using six species–area relationship regression models testing the SIE for remnant vegetation with different plant life forms, we found the SIE in only woody plants, with the land surface area threshold ranging from 6.38 ha (tree) to 11.91 ha (shrub). Our finding revealed that the drivers of the SIE in shrubs were landscape shape index, perimeter–area ratio, and the proportion of sealed surfaces within the patch. For trees, the SIE was influenced by the distance to the source of species, GDP, night light intensity, and perimeter–area ratio. This finding justifies that conservation in urban planning, construction, and development should focus not only on protecting large areas but also on maintaining and promoting diverse habitats within these areas. At the same time, reducing anthropogenic disturbance and enhancing the connectivity of green spaces are important for the persistence of metacommunities and can contribute to the local species pool, thus potentially improving the ecological resilience of urban environments.
Enhancing Tensile Bond Strength of Glass Fiber Posts Using Chitosan as a Coupling Agent: A Novel Approach for Improved Dental Restorations
Authors: Taymour Noha , Albin Hejji Mohammed Hashim , Alotaibi Mohammed Faihan , Alzahrani Rakan Abdullah , Almarzooq Ali Mohammed , Shetty Ashwin C. , Rifaat Shimaa
Published: December 2024

Objectives: This study was designed to assess the effectiveness of chitosan as a coupling agent for improving the tensile bond strength of fiber posts. Methods: A total of 91 single-rooted mandibular teeth were root canal-filled. Post spaces were created and categorized into seven groups: Group A (Control), Group B (Silane), Group C (Chitosan), Group D (37% Phosphoric acid + Silane), Group E (37% Phosphoric acid + Chitosan), Group F (10% Hydrogen Peroxide + Silane), and Group G (10% Hydrogen Peroxide + Chitosan). Posts were cemented and tensile bond strength was measured, while the morphological structure of the fiber posts was analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy. One-way (ANOVA) and Tukey’s multiple comparison tests were performed at a level of significance of 5%. The percentages of fracture patterns among the groups were compared. Results: 10% Hydrogen peroxide + Chitosan exhibited the significantly highest tensile bond strength (p < 0.001). Adhesive failures were more frequent in Groups A, B, C, and D, whereas cohesive failures within the resin cement were predominant in Groups E, F, and G. Conclusions: The protocol of using 10% hydrogen peroxide followed by a chitosan coupling agent significantly improved tensile bond strengths for glass fiber posts, which highlights the potential of using chitosan as a natural biopolymer and an alternative to synthetic coupling agents to develop more effective bonding strategies for dental restorations.
How to Engage with Non-Human Others in Ecosystems from a Phenomenological and Interreligious Perspective
Authors: Kiem Youngjin
Published: December 2024

Humanity is currently in the midst of a number of serious ecological crises. Various scientific, philosophical, and religious ideas have been put forth in response to these global crises. Here, I suggest that the solutions to ecological problems can be best achieved when we undergo an essential change in our perspective on the existence and value of the natural world. In this regard, interreligious engagement and research, which address the multiple worldviews that emerge from individual religions and philosophies, have great potential to fundamentally transform our view of ecosystems. The problem is how to conduct such interreligious engagement and research, which has—unfortunately—to this point been overlooked. In this context, I propose the “four-step method of interreligious sympoiesis to address the ecological crisis”. This is a phenomenological–hermeneutic method that involves the following steps: (1) Suspension of Judgment (Epoché): the mind’s performing an epoché, which is taken as an ethical or religious vow; (2) Empathetic Reduction: the mind’s engaging in empathy with non-human beings; (3) Symbiotic Reduction: the mind’s envisioning of proper coexistence between humans and non-human beings in both minimal and maximal ways; (4) Interreligious Hermeneutical Synthesis: the arranging and synthesizing of the ideas obtained from the above reductions in a specific or comprehensive manner from an interreligious perspective. This paper aims to expound and defend these ideas.
Color-Distortion Correction for Jilin-1 KF01 Series Satellite Imagery Using a Data-Driven Method
Authors: Li Jiangpeng , Bai Yang , Huang Shuai , Yang Song , Sun Yingshan , Yang Xiaojie
Published: December 2024

Color distortion is a common issue in Jilin-1 KF01 series satellite imagery, a phenomenon caused by the instability of the sensor during the imaging process. In this paper, we propose a data-driven method to correct color distortion in Jilin-1 KF01 imagery. Our method involves three key aspects: color-distortion simulation, model design, and post-processing refinement. First, we investigate the causes of color distortion and propose algorithms to simulate this phenomenon. By superimposing simulated color-distortion patterns onto clean images, we construct color-distortion datasets comprising a large number of paired images (distorted–clean) for model training. Next, we analyze the principles behind a denoising model and explore its feasibility for color-distortion correction. Based on this analysis, we train the denoising model from scratch using the color-distortion datasets and successfully adapt it to the task of color-distortion correction in Jilin-1 KF01 imagery. Finally, we propose a novel post-processing algorithm to remove boundary artifacts caused by block-wise image processing, ensuring consistency and quality across the entire image. Experimental results show that the proposed method significantly eliminates color distortion and enhances the radiometric quality of Jilin-1 KF01 series satellite imagery, offering a solution for improving its usability in remote sensing applications.
Research on Wireless Passive Ultrasonic Thickness Measurement Technology Based on Pulse Compression Method
Authors: Pan Long , Shi Kunsan , Han Lei , Qu Dingrong , Zhang Yanling , Chen Wenwu
Published: December 2024

Fixed-point thickness measurement is commonly used in corrosion detection within petrochemical enterprises, but it suffers from low detection efficiency for localized thinning, limitations regarding measurement locations, and high equipment costs due to insulation and cooling layers. To address these challenges, this paper introduces a wireless passive ultrasonic thickness measurement technique based on a pulse compression algorithm. The research methodology encompassed the development of mathematical and circuit models for single coil and wireless energy transmission, the proposal of a three-terminal wireless energy mutual coupling system, and the establishment of a finite element model simulating the ultrasonic body wave thickness measurement and wireless energy transmission system. An experimental setup was constructed to conduct thickness measurements on metal samples varying in thickness, shape, and material composition. The experimental findings revealed that the wireless ultrasonic echo signal, when processed using the pulse compression algorithm, achieved a thickness measurement accuracy approximately ten times superior to that of the untreated echo signal. This significant improvement in accuracy facilitates the high-density deployment of thickness measurement points in petrochemical applications.
Data-Efficient Training of Gaussian Process Regression Models for Indoor Visible Light Positioning
Authors: Wu Jie , Xu Rui , Huang Runhui , Hong Xuezhi
Published: December 2024

A data-efficient training method, namely Q-AL-GPR, is proposed for visible light positioning (VLP) systems with Gaussian process regression (GPR). The proposed method employs the methodology of active learning (AL) to progressively update the effective training dataset with data of low similarity to the existing one. A detailed explanation of the principle of the proposed methods is given. The experimental study is carried out in a three-dimensional GPR-VLP system. The results show the superiority of the proposed method over both the conventional training method based on random draw and a previously proposed line-based AL training method. The impacts of the parameter of active learning on the performance of the GPR-VLP are also presented via experimental investigation, which shows that (1) the proposed training method outperforms the conventional one regardless of the number of final effective training data (E), especially for a small/moderate effective training dataset, (2) a moderate step size (k) should be chosen for updating the effective training dataset to balance the positioning accuracy and computational complexity, and (3) due to the interplay of the reliability of the initialized GPR model and the flexibility in reshaping such a model via active learning, the number of initial effective training data (m) should be optimized. In terms of data efficiency in training, the required number of training data can be reduced by ~27.8% by Q-AL-GPR for a mean positioning accuracy of 3 cm when compared with GPR. The CDF analysis shows that with the proposed training method, the 97th percentile positioning error of GPR-VLP with 300 training data is reduced from 11.8 cm to 7.5 cm, which corresponds to a ~36.4% improvement in positioning accuracy.