bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Planetary scientific target detection via deep learning: A case study for finding shatter cones in Mars rover images
Authors: Bechtold Andreas , Paar Gerhard , Garolla Filippo , Nowak Rebecca , Fritz Laura , Traxler Christoph , Sidla Oliver , Koeberl Christian
Published: August 2023

Past, present, and forthcoming planetary rover missions to Mars and other planetary bodies are equipped with a large number of scientific cameras. The very large number of images resulting from this, combined with tight time constraints for navigation, measurements, and analyses, pose a major challenge for the mission teams in terms of scientific target evaluation. Shatter cones are the only macroscopic evidence for impact‐induced shock metamorphism and therefore impact craters on Earth. The typical features of shatter cones, such as striations and horsetail structures, are particularly suitable for machine learning methods. The necessary training images do not exist for such a case; therefore, we pursued the approach of producing them artificially. Using PRo3D, a viewer developed for the interactive exploration and geologic analysis of high‐resolution planetary surface reconstructions, we virtually placed shatter cones in 3‐D background scenes processed from true Mars rover imagery. We use PRo3D‐rendered images of such scenes as training data for machine learning architectures. Terrestrial analog studies in Ethiopia supported our lab work and were used to test the resulting neural network of this feasibility study. The result showed that our approach with shatter cones in artificial Mars rover scenes is suitable to train neural networks for automatic detection of shatter cones. In addition, we have identified several aspects that can be used to improve the training of the neural network and increase the recognition rate. For example, using background data with a higher resolution in order to have equal resolution of object (shatter cone) and Martian background and increase the number of objects that can be placed in the training data set. Also using better lighting reconstructions and a better radiometric adaption between object and Martian background would further improve the results.
Unruh's hybrid account of harm
Authors: Carlson Erik , Johansson Jens , Risberg Olle
Published: August 2023

Charlotte Unruh has recently put forward a hybrid account of what it is to suffer harm – one that combines comparative and non‐comparative elements. We raise two problems for Unruh's account. The first concerns killing and death; the second concerns the causing of temporarily low or high welfare.
Colonization by multidrug‐resistant bacteria in hematological patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and clinical outcomes: A single‐center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Santos Eduardo Sbrana , Lima Alberto Cardoso Martins , Breda Giovanni Luís , Tomaz Ana Paula de Oliveira , Nabhan Samir Kanaan , Funke Vaneuza Araújo Moreira , Loth Gisele , Nogueira Keite da Silva
Published: August 2023

Background

Bloodstream infections are a leading cause of death in patients who undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and are more severe when caused by multidrug‐resistant (MDR) bacteria. This study proposed to investigate if colonization by MDR bacteria negatively affects the clinical outcomes in hematological patients after HSCT, as well as to evaluate possible risk factors for death due to bacteremia by the same colonizing agent.

Methods

A single‐center retrospective cohort study was conducted with 405 hematological patients submitted to a single HSCT procedure between 2015 and 2021. Patients were classified as colonized (n = 132) or noncolonized (n = 273) based on the surveillance cultures from D−30 to D+30 of transplantation, and their relevant clinical and laboratory data were collected until D+100.

Results

Colonization by MDR bacteria increased blood culture positivity by all micro‐organisms and also specifically by MDR bacteria, with a more pronounced effect when caused by carbapenemase‐producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. Patients colonized with carbapenem‐resistant K. pneumoniae had increased overall mortality (HR = 4.07, 95% CI 1.85–8.91, P = .0005) and had prolonged hospital length of stay in the context of autologous transplantation. Risk factors for death due to bacteremia by the same colonizing agent were neutropenia, colonization by carbapenem‐resistant K. pneumoniae and use of high‐dose total body irradiation in conditioning.

Conclusion

Hematological patients colonized by MDR bacteria presented a higher incidence of bloodstream infections, and colonization by carbapenemase‐producing K. pneumoniae was associated with reduced overall survival.

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Enzyme Kinetic of Lipase Catalysed Acidolysis of Used Cooking Palm Oil
Authors: Sulaiman Shakirah  S. , Zaharudin Nor Athirah , Rashid Roslina , Mohamed Esivan Siti Marsilawati
Published: August 2023

Enzymatic acidolysis of various fats and oils has successfully shown a promising ability to alter specific positions of lipids and incorporate desirable fatty acids at specific positions. However, used cooking oil utilization for enzymatic acidolysis is still lacking scientific investigation. Hence, this study aims to utilize used cooking palm oil (UCPO) by enhancing the oleic acid content via enzymatic acidolysis using immobilized C. rugosa lipase. The optimum substrate molar ratio (mol/mol) was identified based on the analysis of the peroxide, iodine, and acid values. Then, kinetic parameters, Km and Vmax for the enzymatic acidolysis of UCPO were calculated. Substrate molar ratio of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, and 1:5 mol/mol (oil: acid) was varied to evaluate the peroxide, acid, and iodine values. The reaction conditions such as reaction temperature (50 °C), reaction time (24 hours), enzyme concentration (0.05 g), agitation speed (250 rpm), and pH (7) were fixed throughout the experiment. The Michaelis-Menten kinetic model was selected to describe the kinetic of enzymatic acidolysis of UCPO. The result showed that incorporation of oleic acid in UCPO has been successfully achieved with the increased in IV value from 39.47 I2/g to 110.53 I2/g. The optimum substrate molar ratio obtained was 1:3 mol/mol with the highest iodine value of 110.53 I2/g. The best linear regression approach is Lineweaver-Burk plot with the values of Vmax and Km were 34.5658 μmol/ml.min and 0.06 mol/L, respectively. The enzyme activity for C. rugosa lipase was obtained at 0.5804 μmol/min.ml.
Antibacterial Analysis on Everolimus Grafted Biomaterial Surfaces using Polydopamine Intermediate Layer for Potential Use on Medical Devices
Authors: Khrisna Dida Faadihilah , Jumat Mohamad Amin , Jemon Khairunadwa , Saidin Syafiqah
Published: August 2023

Biomaterial-Centered Infection (BCI) is a significant issue in the implantation of medical devices, primarily caused by the formation of bacterial biofilms on the device surface. One potential solution to address this problem is the use of antibacterial coatings. This study examines the effectiveness of everolimus as an antibacterial coating agent with polydopamine (PDA) as an intermediate layer. The commonly used biomaterial for medical scaffolds, poly(lactic acid) (PLA), was coated with everolimus after being submerged in PDA for 24 hours. The coated PLA was then subjected to antibacterial analysis, including culturing Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli bacteria in Luria-Bertani broth, bacterial count tests, and disc inhibition tests. The results showed that everolimus has antibacterial properties, but its efficacy varies with different types of bacteria adhering to the biomaterial surfaces. Specifically, the everolimus coating was found to be more effective in killing Gram-positive S. aureus. The absence of inhibition zones and the lack of further growth of both Gram-positive S. aureus and Gram-negative E. coli on the samples demonstrated the controlled release of everolimus, indicating the potential of the PDA layer in holding the everolimus release to the surrounding. Therefore, the study concludes that the formation of everolimus coating on biomaterial surfaces aided by the PDA layer, have significant potential in retarding bacterial colonies on medical devices.
Biodegradable Polymeric Stent: Poly(lactic acid) Variation
Authors: Jumat Mohamad Amin , Vangetaraman Kugambikai , Ahmad Shafi Aisyah , Muhamad Zain Norhidayu , Saidin Syafiqah
Published: August 2023

Stenting is a treatment procedure to insert an implant-like needle into the blood vessel for the purpose of removing plaque and thrombosis while supporting the weak blood vessel. This procedure will enlarge the narrow blood vessel and restore blood circulation. Specifically, stent implantation is being combined with coronary angioplasty procedure to be known as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), which is an approach to treat cardiovascular diseases (CVD). There are three main variations of commercialized stents: Bare metal stent, drug-eluting stent and biodegradable stent. These three variations are focusing on the utilization of metal as the base material. Biodegradable metallic stent is a metallic stent which can be degraded into the physiological environment following an implantation. Even though forthcoming complications of permanent stent can be overcome with this type of stent, the degradation products often trigger inflammation and disturb the cascaded physiological processes. Therefore, researchers are moving towards biodegradable polymeric stents that are able to degrade while not harming the implanted lesion and surrounding tissues. This review article is intended to expose the information on biodegradable polymeric stent specifically to the implementation of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and its variation as the polymeric materials.
Electrical Impedance Tomography Signal Conditioning for Lung Imaging Applications
Authors: Zulkiflli Nur Amira , Nandaguru Kaviarasu , Arm Omar Fahmi , Khamis Feisal Mohamed , Wahap Ahmad Ridhwan , Abdullah Fatin Aliah Phang , Tee Kian Sek , Hidayat Nurul , Pusppanathan Jaysuman
Published: August 2023

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) imaging is capable for human lung imaging based on its continuous self-monitoring capabilities, and suitability for daily routines. This paper introduces a simulation work for EIT signal conditioning circuit and its simulated waveform response using Multisim software. EIT circuit simulations consist of several signal processing circuits for the receiving part of the EIT, band pass filter circuit, amplifier, and analog-to-digital circuit.  The system produced a unit function signal of 5V from an input 250 kHz sine function via band pass filter, operational amplifier and AC/DC conversion. The waveform pattern result is presented for each processing stage aim to demonstrate the basic work of an EIT circuitry setup.
Halal Perspectives on Collagen-Based Biomaterials in Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Ramli Syazwani , Muhamad Zain Norhidayu
Published: August 2023

The halal status of biomedical applications has recently been under intense demand due to the utilization of critical ingredients in developing the products. One of the disciplines in biomedical applications, uses various types of biomaterials is tissue engineering. Due to its promising biocompatibility, low antigenicity, and biodegradability, collagen is well known and frequently employed as biomaterials for tissue engineering applications. Most of collagen come from sources including bovine, porcine, marine, and other mammal species. These huge sources end up being one of the most important factors in determining the halal status. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to emphasize collagen's application as biomaterials from the halal standpoint. Additionally, several collagen sources and their status as halal biomaterials for neural, skin, bone, and tissue engineering were covered, with an emphasis on the potential implementation of collagen from halal sources.
Boosting Ensemble Learning Technique for Landslide Activity Classification using Vegetation Anomalies Indicators
Authors: Mohd Salleh Mohd Radhie , Abdul Rahman Muhammad Zulkarnain , Ismail Zamri , Abdul Khanan Mohd Faisal , Osman Mohamad Jahidi , Asmadi Mohd Asraff , Mohamad Sukairi Suhaini
Published: August 2023

Having detailed information and inventories about landslides is important for studying landslides. These inventories have been created for various purposes. However, detecting and mapping landslides in highly dense vegetated areas and evaluating their activity state is a major challenge due to various factors, such as the dense tree canopy, undulating terrain, and fast-growing vegetation. Therefore, this paper presents a new technique for categorising landslide activity using vegetation anomalies indicators (VAIs) extracted from high-resolution remote sensing data. The data were utilised to support manual landslide inventory and VAI production. The landslide inventory map was divided randomly into two groups of datasets, one for training (70%) and the other for validation (30%). The classification process used a boosting ensemble learning approach, specifically Decision Tree (DT) and Stochastic Gradient Boosting (SGB), with seven primary VAIs as inputs. The study compared the classification models’ performance against various parameters, including spatial resolution and landslide depth. To evaluate the accuracy of the classification methods, metrics such as overall accuracy, kappa, producer’s accuracy, and user’s accuracy were measured from the validation dataset. The results demonstrated that both methods performed best under high spatial resolution. Among the two approaches, DT performed better, with an overall accuracy value of 89.6% for deep-seated translational, 64.0% for shallow translational, 67.0% for deep-seated rotational, and 80.0% for shallow rotational. This reliable accuracy that has been attained in landslide activity classification from VAI allows (i) to map and classify the landslide activity in the forested area, (ii) characterise the different types of vegetation characteristics to specific landslide activity, and (iii) permits for the continuous landslide activity monitoring in the area where monitoring activity is not practically feasible to be conducted.
Low Altitude Photogrammetry for Road Defects Detection
Authors: Zainal Abidin Mohammad Syafiq , Mohd Ariff Mohd Farid
Published: August 2023

Road defect detection is essential to road maintenance to prevent traffic accidents. In Malaysia, road conditions are one of the leading causes of road accidents that may cause fatalities and injuries. In Malaysia, between 2010 and 2019, the number of road accidents increased from 414,421 cases in 2010 to 567,516 cases in 2019. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) are helpful instruments that may be utilised to obtain accurate data for road defect mapping. The purposes of this study are (i) to investigate road distress using low-altitude photogrammetry by generating orthophoto from low-altitude UAV photogrammetry in detecting road defects and (ii) to assess the accuracy of road defects from orthophoto and 3D model point clouds. The benefits of utilising UAVs include high flexibility, low cost, easy manoeuvrability and minimal field work. The results of this study show that orthophoto is very suitable for classifying road defects. Furthermore, the rise in road defects is caused by congested roads near construction and industrial regions, with many trucks passing through the study area. The results demonstrate that the large crack area can be successfully analysed using 3D point clouds, but a narrower crack with roughness features is complicated and challenging to be spotted.
La fase postcontractual en el derecho chileno. Su justificación y delimitación
Authors: Mejías Alonzo Claudia , Brantt Zumarán María Graciela
Published: August 2023

Este artículo tiene por objeto examinar los extremos de la fase postcontractual, etapa generalmente reconocida pero poco estudiada en el derecho chileno. Para esto, primero se aborda su reconocimiento en general en el derecho extranjero y, en particular, en el ordenamiento jurídico chileno. Luego, se examinan dos criterios complementarios para la definición de sus contornos y contenido: uno temporal y otro funcional. Ambos permiten analizar los diversos supuestos que la doctrina suele incorporar en esta etapa para identificar aquellos que pertenecen o no a esta fase, cuya diversidad ha impedido configurarla adecuadamente. Metodológicamente, se ha realizado un análisis dogmático de la principal doctrina chilena y extranjera en la materia, reflexionando críticamente sobre las diversas posturas planteadas respecto de la delimitación de la etapa, proponiendo una interpretación que permite insertar esta fase en el íter contractual de forma coherente con el desarrollo del moderno derecho de contratos. La originalidad y el aporte de la temática radica en proponer y aplicar criterios que permitirán precisar con claridad aquellas hipótesis que realmente quedan comprendidas en esta fase y cuya infracción podrá eventualmente generar responsabilidad. De esta manera, se aporta al desarrollo de la responsabilidad postcontractual, zanjando su delimitación.
Female Undergraduate Students’ Experiences Facilitating an Out-of-School Physical Activity Program for Middle School Girls
Authors: Stoepker Peter , Biber Duke , McMullen Jaimie
Published: August 2023

Purpose: To explore undergraduate students’ experiences leading and facilitating an out-of-school-time (OST) physical activity program for middle school girls. Method: Five female undergraduate students (N = 4 Black or African American) participated in semistructured individual interviews and submitted weekly reflections during their time leading the OST Girls Empowering Movement (program). The data were analyzed inductively by conducting systematic searches across interview transcripts and artifacts. Results: Four themes were generated, including: find something that they would like, sometimes it is hard to calm chaos, those girls cling to me, and this experience was really good for me. Conclusion: The findings indicate that the undergraduate students who facilitated the Girls Empowering Movement program experienced significant growth and learned the complexities involved in facilitating and leading an OST program. These findings have practical implications when considering physical activity leadership practices and experiences leading OST physical activity programming.
Extreme glacial cooling likely led to hominin depopulation of Europe in the Early Pleistocene
Authors: Margari Vasiliki , Hodell David A. , Parfitt Simon A. , Ashton Nick M. , Grimalt Joan O. , Kim Hyuna , Yun Kyung-Sook , Gibbard Philip L. , Stringer Chris B. , Timmermann Axel , Tzedakis Polychronis C.
Published: August 2023

The oldest known hominin remains in Europe [~1.5 to ~1.1 million years ago (Ma)] have been recovered from Iberia, where paleoenvironmental reconstructions have indicated warm and wet interglacials and mild glacials, supporting the view that once established, hominin populations persisted continuously. We report analyses of marine and terrestrial proxies from a deep-sea core on the Portugese margin that show the presence of pronounced millennial-scale climate variability during a glacial period ~1.154 to ~1.123 Ma, culminating in a terminal stadial cooling comparable to the most extreme events of the last 400,000 years. Climate envelope–model simulations reveal a drastic decrease in early hominin habitat suitability around the Mediterranean during the terminal stadial. We suggest that these extreme conditions led to the depopulation of Europe, perhaps lasting for several successive glacial-interglacial cycles.
Syn-tectonic fluids decoding effects of tectono-metamorphic cycles on regional metallogenic evolution of the Chinese Altai, central Asia
Authors: Xiao Ming , Jiang Yingde , Zhao Guochun , Yuan Chao , Cai Yue , Qiu Huaning , Hao Lulu , Zhang Wanfeng , Kong Lingzhu
Published: August 2023

Despite their close temporal and spatial relationships, the effects of tectono-thermal events on ore formation remain obscure. To better understand this process, a comprehensive geochemical investigation on paleofluids from syn-tectonic felsic and quartz veins associated with the Devonian subduction and Permian collision of the Chinese Altai was conducted. We found that the Devonian fluids were organic alkanes-CO2-S-Ca-Mg-rich saline fluids with variable CO2/CH4 (0.09−5.03) and lower F−/SO42− (0.02−0.14) and Al3+/Mg2+ (0−0.11) ratios, whereas the Permian fluids were immiscible fluids including CO2-C4H10-CO-rich oxidized gas bubbles and CH4-C3H8-C2H6-Ca-Na-K-Al-S-Cl-F-rich reduced saline fluids with lower CO2/CH4 (0−1.31, mostly <1) and higher F−/SO42− (0.21−0.76) and Al3+/Mg2+ (0.10−2.56) ratios. The Devonian and Permian fluids also have similar δ13C-CO2 values of −23.8‰ to −3.5‰ and −16.5‰ to −3.7‰, respectively. These data suggest that both fluids derived mainly from devolatilization and dehydration melting of metasediments; the Permian fluids likely involve more biotite melting in the deeper crust and more mantle-derived components, whereas the Devonian fluids contain more meteoric components. Base metal-dominated Devonian mineralization occurred as deep-sourced organic matter- and S-rich fluids promoted base metal migration, whereas the relatively oxidized fluid conditions inhibited the mineralization of many other metals. By contrast, the more reduced and F-rich Permian fluids with more mantle contributions facilitated the extraction of Au and uptakes of rare metals from reworked metasediments and promoted their mineralization. These findings provide a more complete picture of how tectono-thermal events fertilize the crust and demonstrate that syn-tectonic fluids can serve as proxies for metallogenic processes during orogenic cycles in general.
Programmable Shaping of Femtosecond Pulses Using a One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal with Continuous Spatial Modulation of the Refractive Index
Authors: Svyakhovskiy S. E.
Published: August 2023

An algorithm for constructing the structure of a one-dimensional photonic crystal, which forms a femtosecond pulse of an arbitrary given shape when reflecting a Gaussian pulse, is developed theoretically. The method is illustrated by the example of a rectangular pulse. Examples for simple pulse shapes are given, the influence of optical absorption is evaluated, and a method for its compensation is proposed.
Severe hypercalcaemia in metastatic prostate cancer with biallelic BRCA2 mutations and lytic bone lesions
Authors: Lazzari Laura , Ledet Elisa , Hawkins Madeline , Sartor Oliver
Published: August 2023

Molecular genetics is increasingly used to define the course and prognosis of prostate cancer. Hypercalcaemia of malignancy is a rare complication of metastatic prostate cancer associated with poor outcomes. However, no associations have yet been made in literature between pathogenic genetic mutations and hypercalcaemia in patients with prostatic malignancy.

We report of a patient with bone-metastatic prostate cancer. He received sequential genetic tests for pathogenic mutations. A somatic BRCA2 truncation mutation was identified at diagnosis and suppressed on olaparib. Six months after stopping olaparib, several pathogenic mutations, including biallelic BRCA2 mutations, were identified. The patient developed large lytic bone lesions and a severe symptomatic hypercalcaemia. He was hospitalised and treated aggressively for hypercalcaemia but died shortly thereafter. To our knowledge, this is the first case of hypercalcaemia in metastatic prostate cancer to be contextualised within complex genetic mutations.
Living alone and mental health: parallel analyses in UK longitudinal population surveys and electronic health records prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: McElroy Eoin , Herrett Emily , Patel Kishan , Piehlmaier Dominik M , Gessa Giorgio Di , Huggins Charlotte , Green Michael J , Kwong Alex S F , Thompson Ellen J , Zhu Jingmin , Mansfield Kathryn E , Silverwood Richard J , Mansfield Rosie , Maddock Jane , Mathur Rohini , Costello Ruth E , Matthews Anthony , Tazare John , Henderson Alasdair , Wing Kevin , Bridges Lucy , Bacon Sebastian , Mehrkar Amir ,   OpenSAFELY Collaborative, Shaw Richard John , Wels Jacques , Katikireddi Srinivasa Vittal , Chaturvedi Nish , Tomlinson Laurie A , Patalay Praveetha
Published: August 2023

Background

People who live alone experience greater levels of mental illness; however, it is unclear whether the COVID-19 pandemic had a disproportionately negative impact on this demographic.

Objective

To describe the mental health gap between those who live alone and with others in the UK prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

Self-reported psychological distress and life satisfaction in 10 prospective longitudinal population surveys (LPSs) assessed in the nearest pre-pandemic sweep and three periods during the pandemic. Recorded diagnosis of common and severe mental illnesses between March 2018 and January 2022 in electronic healthcare records (EHRs) within the OpenSAFELY-TPP.

Findings

In 37 544 LPS participants, pooled models showed greater psychological distress (standardised mean difference (SMD): 0.09 (95% CI: 0.04; 0.14); relative risk: 1.25 (95% CI: 1.12; 1.39)) and lower life satisfaction (SMD: −0.22 (95% CI: −0.30; −0.15)) for those living alone pre-pandemic. This gap did not change during the pandemic. In the EHR analysis of c.16 million records, mental health conditions were more common in those who lived alone (eg, depression 26 (95% CI: 18 to 33) and severe mental illness 58 (95% CI: 54 to 62) more cases more per 100 000). For common mental health disorders, the gap in recorded cases in EHRs narrowed during the pandemic.

Conclusions

People living alone have poorer mental health and lower life satisfaction. During the pandemic, this gap in self-reported distress remained; however, there was a narrowing of the gap in service use.

Clinical implications

Greater mental health need and potentially greater barriers to mental healthcare access for those who live alone need to be considered in healthcare planning.
Impulsivity-related right superior frontal gyrus as a biomarker of internet gaming disorder
Authors: Zhang Pengyu , Pan Yu , Zha Rujing , Song Hongwen , Yuan Cunfeng , Zhao Qian , Piao Yi , Ren Jiecheng , Chen Yijun , Liang Peipeng , Tao Ran , Wei Zhengde , Zhang Xiaochu
Published: August 2023

Background

Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is a mental health issue that affects individuals worldwide. However, the lack of knowledge about the biomarkers associated with the development of IGD has restricted the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder.

Aims

We aimed to reveal the biomarkers associated with the development of IGD through resting-state brain network analysis and provide clues for the diagnosis and treatment of IGD.

Methods

Twenty-six patients with IGD, 23 excessive internet game users (EIUs) who recurrently played internet games but were not diagnosed with IGD and 29 healthy controls (HCs) performed delay discounting task (DDT) and Iowa gambling task (IGT). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were also collected.

Results

Patients with IGD exhibited significantly lower hubness in the right medial orbital part of the superior frontal gyrus (ORBsupmed) than both the EIU and the HC groups. Additionally, the hubness of the right ORBsupmed was found to be positively correlated with the highest excessive internet gaming degree during the past year in the EIU group but not the IGD group; this might be the protective mechanism that prevents EIUs from becoming addicted to internet games. Moreover, the hubness of the right ORBsupmed was found to be related to the treatment outcome of patients with IGD, with higher hubness of this region indicating better recovery when undergoing forced abstinence. Further modelling analysis of the DDT and IGT showed that patients with IGD displayed higher impulsivity during the decision-making process, and impulsivity-related parameters were negatively correlated with the hubness of right ORBsupmed.

Conclusions

Our findings revealed that the impulsivity-related right ORBsupmed hubness could serve as a potential biomarker of IGD and provide clues for the diagnosis and treatment of IGD.
Palpitations in athletes: diagnosis, workup and treatment
Authors: Parisi Erika J , Chung Eugene H
Published: August 2023

Palpitations are a common reason for athletes to seek medical care. Although often benign, palpitations may serve as a harbinger for underling cardiac pathology. Given the unique challenges in this population, this review will serve to discuss the basic underlying pathophysiology, which may predispose athletes to palpitations. In addition, we will review the aetiologies, diagnostic evaluation, management and counselling strategies for some of the most common diagnoses seen in athletes.
QED corrections to parton distributions and Altarelli–Parisi splitting functions in the polarized case
Authors: de Florian Daniel , Palma Conte Lucas
Published: August 2023

We discuss the effect of QED corrections in the evolution of polarized parton distributions. We solve the corresponding evolution equations exactly to $${\mathcal {O}}(\alpha )$$

O
(
α
)

and $${\mathcal {O}}(a_{\textrm{S}}^2)$$

O
(

a

S

2

)

in Mellin N-space, extending the available techniques for pure QCD evolution. To accomplish this, we introduce, for the first time, the Altarelli–Parisi polarized kernels at LO in QED. Furthermore, we perform a phenomenological analysis of the QED effects on polarized parton distributions (pPDFs), proposing different scenarios for the polarized photon density. Finally, we quantify the impact of the corresponding QED contributions to the polarized structure function $$g_1$$

g
1

. We show that the relative corrections to both the pPDFs and the $$g_1$$

g
1

structure function are approximately at the few percent level, which is the order of magnitude expected considering the value of $$\alpha $$
α
.
Homogeneous and anisotropic cosmologies with affine EoS: a dynamical system perspective
Authors: Singh Ashutosh
Published: August 2023

We study a class of homogeneous and anisotropic geometries with affine equation of state (EoS) for different physically plausible scenarios of the universe evolution using dynamical system technique. We analyze the locally rotationally symmetric Bianchi I (LRS BI), Bianchi III (LRS BIII) and Bianchi V (LRS BV) geometry for the exhibition of the effects of affine EoS in the model. The model exhibits stable attractor which is also isotropic and thus, it may explain the late-time accelerated expansion of the universe. The model also possess stiff matter-, radiation- and matter-dominated phases prior to the dark energy assisted accelerating phase which are confirmed by the behaviours of effective equation of state and deceleration parameters. We use the statefinder diagnostic which is a geometrical diagnostic to explore model independent features of the cosmological dynamical system. The LRS BI, BIII and BV geometry based dynamical systems exhibit $$r=1,s=0$$

r
=
1
,
s
=
0

$$(\Lambda $$

(
Λ

cold dark matter model) at late-times, which is compatible with the observations. The dynamical system for the Kantowski–Sachs model yields synchronous bounce on the basis of the model parameters. It also yields a late-time attractor which may explain the accelerated expansion of the universe in the model. The qualitative differences between LRS BIII and BV cosmological dynamical systems have also been discussed.
Quasinormal modes of the spherical bumblebee black holes with a global monopole
Authors: Lin Rui-Hui , Jiang Rui , Zhai Xiang-Hua
Published: August 2023

The bumblebee model is an extension of the Einstein–Maxwell theory that allows for the spontaneous breaking of the Lorentz symmetry of the spacetime. In this paper, we study the quasinormal modes of the spherical black holes in this model that are characterized by a global monopole. We analyze the two cases with a vanishing cosmological constant or a negative one (the anti-de Sitter case). We find that the black holes are stable under the perturbation of a massless scalar field. However, both the Lorentz symmetry breaking and the global monopole have notable impacts on the evolution of the perturbation. The Lorentz symmetry breaking may prolong or shorten the decay of the perturbation according to the sign of the breaking parameter. The global monopole, on the other hand, has different effects depending on whether a nonzero cosmological constant presences: it reduces the damping of the perturbations for the case with a vanishing cosmological constant, but has little influence for the anti-de Sitter case.
Epileptic Seizure Prediction Using Attention Augmented Convolutional Network
Authors: Liu Dongsheng , Dong Xingchen , Bian Dong , Zhou Weidong
Published: August 2023

Early seizure prediction is crucial for epilepsy patients to reduce accidental injuries and improve their quality of life. Identifying pre-ictal EEG from the inter-ictal state is particularly challenging due to their nonictal nature and remarkable similarities. In this study, a novel epileptic seizure prediction method is proposed based on multi-head attention (MHA) augmented convolutional neural network (CNN) to address the issue of CNN’s limit of capturing global information of input signals. First, data enhancement is performed on original EEG recordings to balance the pre-ictal and inter-ictal EEG data, and the EEG recordings are sliced into 6-second-long EEG segments. Subsequently, EEG time-frequency distribution is obtained using Stockwell transform (ST), and the attention augmented convolutional network is employed for feature extraction and classification. Finally, post-processing is utilized to reduce the false prediction rate (FPR). The CHB-MIT EEG database was used to evaluate the system. The validation results showed a segment-based sensitivity of 98.24% and an event-based sensitivity of 94.78% with a FPR of 0.05/h were yielded, respectively. The satisfying results of the proposed method demonstrate its possible potential for clinical applications.
CFD simulation of the PACK-860X
Authors: Pan Daohui , Al-Dolaimy F. , Alawadi Ahmed Hussien , Hassanvand A.
Published: August 2023

This study recommends a novel structured packing (SP) PACK-860X with a specific surface area of 860[Formula: see text]m2/m3, which is defined utilizing a numerical method. We attempt to investigate the main properties of PACK-860X for illustration, height equal to a theoretical plate (HETP), dry pressure drop (DPD) and wet pressure drop (WPD). In addition, the flow pattern is expressed for packing through computational simulation. To assess the amounts of HETP, WPD and DPD, the 3D CFD simulation with the Eulerian–Eulerian multi-phase technique is employed in this work. Based on the results of this work, WPD and DPD are improved. According to the data, numerical outcomes are in good agreement with the theoretical results, which shows the reliability of CFD methods for modeling the separation processes.
Amplitude Control Loop to Compensate for I/Q Mismatch in an Accurate Quadrature LC Oscillator
Authors: Ghonoodi Hojat , Hadjmohammadi Mahsa , modanlou Shahram
Published: August 2023

In this paper, a novel parallel-coupled quadrature LC oscillator (PC-QO) is presented that can automatically eliminate imbalances of output phase and amplitude resulting from mismatches in the LC tanks. The method of using unequal coupling factors in a parallel-coupled quadrature oscillator is the base of this design; canceling the phase and amplitude errors takes place by tuning the imbalanced coupling factor using tuneable tail currents. First, the proposed circuit senses the amplitude error and then adjusts the coupling factors according to the situation. We show that using the inversely proportional coupling factors can eliminate the phase and amplitude error simultaneously. In other words, this design uses the amplitude control loop to cancel the phase and amplitude error. The circuit has been simulated using TSMC 0.18 CMOS practical model to confirm the high accuracy of the analysis and capability of the canceling [Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] mismatch technique. The simulation results show that the phase noise of the proposed quadrature voltage controlled oscillator (QVCO) is −123.9 dBc/Hz at 1[Formula: see text]MHz offset from 4.4[Formula: see text]GHz operation frequency. The total power consumption of the QVCO is 3.4[Formula: see text]mW.
Is cosmic dynamics self-regulating?
Authors: Mbonye Manasse R.
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we discuss a cosmological model for a universe with self-regulating features. We set up the theoretical framework for the model and determine the time evolution of the scale-factor [Formula: see text]. It is shown that such a universe repeatedly goes through alternate periods of matter and dark energy domination. The resulting dynamics oscillates about the would-be ideal time-linear or coasting path, with monotonic expansion. When compared to dynamics of the observed physical universe, the model recovers the observationally established evolutionary features of the latter, from the big bang to the current acceleration, and farther. It suggests a universe that initially emerges from a nonsingular state, associated with a non-exponential acceleration, and which acceleration it exits naturally with matter–energy generation. The model does not have a horizon problem or a flatness problem. It reproduces the observed current values of standard cosmic parameters, including the age [Formula: see text], the current Hubble parameter [Formula: see text] and dark energy [Formula: see text] and matter [Formula: see text] density parameters. The model is falsifiable. It makes predictions that can be tested, as suggested. Finally, we discuss the dimensionless age [Formula: see text] paradox as an example of the model’s ability to address standing puzzles. The findings suggest that dynamics of the physical universe may be self-regulating and predictable.
Isotropization of symmetric teleparallel gravity with observational constraints
Authors: Shekh S. H. , Husain Ather , Dixit A. , Samdurkar S. W.
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we examine the homogeneous and isotropic flat Universe in the frame of symmetric teleparallel gravity say [Formula: see text] gravity (where [Formula: see text] is the nonmetricity scalar). In this work, we parametrized the field equations with the help of Hubble’s parameter defined as [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are model/free parameters which are constrained with updated 57 data points of the Hubble data set within the redshift range [Formula: see text]. For this, we have used a Markov Chain Monte Carlo Technique (MCMCT). Some physical parameters of the model are discussed. In addition, we analyze the jerk parameter and the statefinder parameters and we also study the energy conditions to assess the compatibility of our model with dark energy models; we determine that the Strong Energy Condition (SEC) is violated due to the fact that the Universe is currently accelerating.
Causal thermodynamics of a collapsing self-similar radiation shell
Authors: Khambule Pretty N. , Goswami Rituparno , Maharaj Sunil D.
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we derive and solve the causal heat transport equation, for a collapsing self-similar radiation shell described by the Vaidya geometry, using a semi-tetrad covariant formalism. This enables us to gain a meaningful insight on how the geometrical quantities associated with this spacetime relate to the causal Maxwell–Cattaneo type hyperbolic transport equations obtained in the phenomenological theories of Muller, Stewart and Israel. It is shown that the causal temperature profile in the collapsing shell is distinct from the Eckart temperature, and this temperature profile can be given explicitly.
Numerical Estimation of Elastic Constants of Hydroxyapatite at Finite Temperatures: A Comparisons of Different Force Fields
Authors: Roy Aritri , Patra Puneet Kumar , Bhattacharya Baidurya
Published: August 2023

Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is a naturally occurring calcium phosphate mineral that resembles human hard tissue in structure and composition. Its unique structure makes it suitable for a variety of applications such as biomedical implants, pollution control, nuclear waste management. The hexagonal structure of HAP endows it with five independent elastic constants, and a comprehensive understanding of their role and properties is essential for large scale adoption of HAP in various applications. However, the limited experimental and computational estimates currently available exhibit a wide scatter and occasional inconsistencies, and little effort has been made to quantify the influence of operating temperature on HAP elastic response. In this paper, we calculate the five elastic constants of hexagonal HAP first from Density Functional Theory (DFT)-based stress–strain relations derived using ultrasoft pseudopotential with Perdew–Burke–Ernzerho (PBE) exchange-correlation functional under generalized gradient approximation (GGA) on the 44 atom single unit cell, and then with molecular dynamics (MD)-based stress–strain relations derived from [Formula: see text] unit cells using three distinct families of force fields. These force fields are differentiated by how they model the non-bonded interactions: Lennard–Jones, Born–Mayer–Huggins and Buckingham types. We conduct the MD studies in the temperature range of 10–500 K. We find DFT to slightly overestimate the unit cell volume (a known consequence of using GGA) compared to X-ray powder diffraction-based experimental values reported in the literature. The predicted elastic constants satisfy Born’s criterion for mechanical stability. All potential models agree with DFT that HAP exhibits higher stiffness along [Formula: see text]-axis. Lattice parameters are found to increase with temperature, while the elastic constants decrease. Their rate of change, however, differs based on the force field. Among the three, the force field based on Buckingham potential appears to perform the best and agrees qualitatively with DFT and experimental results.
Neural Network Adaptive Damping Control Strategy for High Speed Elevator Car System with Transient Performance
Authors: Su Xiaolei , Qin Guangjiu , Qiu Tian , Liu Lixin
Published: August 2023

Aiming at the poor transient convergence and real-time performance of the horizontal vibration state variables of the high-speed elevator car system, and the low control accuracy and stability, this paper proposes an adaptive control strategy to ensure the transient response of the elevator car system. First, a prescribed preset transient performance function is introduced into the controller design to control the variation range of the state variables and ensure the steady transient performance of the elevator car; Second, representing the information of observation error/control error through algebraic operations, designing an adaptive law based on e-correction, estimating unknown parameters in the elevator car system, and achieving online parameter updates; Then, using neural networks to learn and compensate for unknown dynamics in the elevator car system, and solving the online estimation problem of neural network weights through adaptive laws, so that the tracking error and weight estimation error converge to a tight set near zero; Finally, using MATLAB/SIMULINK to compare and analyze the four control algorithms of passive control, PID control, adaptive control based on gradient descent method and transient response adaptive control proposed in this paper under two different rail excitations: Random excitation and pulse excitation. The simulation results show that the adaptive control strategy proposed in this paper effectively suppresses the horizontal vibration of the elevator car, makes the state variables have faster convergence speed and smaller convergence error, and ensures the stable and transient performance of the elevator car system.
The Weighted Least-Squares Collocation Method for Elastic Wave Obstacle Scattering Problems
Authors: Zhang Jing , Li Siqing , Yue Junhong , Wang Yu
Published: August 2023

Scattering problems have wide applications in the medical and military fields. In this paper, the weighted least-squares (WLS) collocation method based on radial basis functions (RBFs) is developed to solve elastic wave scattering problems, which are governed by the Navier equation and the Helmholtz equations with coupled boundary conditions. The perfectly matched layer (PML) technique is used to truncate the unbounded domain into a bounded domain. The WLS method is constructed by setting the collocation points denser than the trial centers and imposing different weights on different types of boundary conditions. The WLS method can overcome the matrix singularity problem encountered in the Kansa method, and the convergence rate of WLS is [Formula: see text] for Sobolev kernel with kernel smoothness [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, compared with the finite element method (FEM) and the Kansa method, WLS can provide higher accuracy and more stable solutions for relatively large angular frequencies. The numerical example with a circular obstacle is used to verify the effectiveness and convergence behavior of the WLS. Besides, the proposed scheme can easily handle irregular obstacles and obtain stable results with high accuracy, which is validated through experiments with ellipse and kite-shaped obstacles.
Anisotropic quark stars within 4D Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity
Authors: Tangphati Takol , Panotopoulos Grigoris , Banerjee Ayan , Pradhan Anirudh
Published: August 2023

By constructing models of quark stars (QSs), we use the MIT bag model as a strange quark matter equation of state (EoS). According to the strange matter hypothesis, the MIT bag model is the most successful phenomenological models of quarks confined to hadrons. This paper aims to explore the internal structure and the physical properties of QSs in the context of four-dimensional (4D) Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet (EGB) theory of gravity. The main feature of 4D EGB theory is that there is a nontrivial contribution to the gravitational dynamics in 4D spacetime. We present the essential features of QSs concerning the mass-radius relation depending on the interplay of matter parameters and the GB coupling constant. Our results show that all studied cases are found to be consistent with observations and physically relevant.
Some thermodynamics aspects in Regular Gaussian Black Hole
Authors: Malekolkalami B.
Published: August 2023

Asymptotically Anti-de Sitter (AdS) Black Hole (BH) space–times are of theoretical and mathematical interest and attractive. On the other hand, in the last few decades, the theory of regular (nonsingular) BHs has gained many researchers and enthusiasts. Therefore, space–times asymptotically AdS and free of (essential) singularities can have a double attraction. An example of such space–time is the Regular Gaussian Black Hole (RGBH). In this paper, some thermodynamical properties of this BH are studied and examined through the calculation of thermodynamic functions and related diagrams. The results of the calculations and related diagrams indicate that a background AdS space–time is more compliant with the laws of the physical world than a de Sitter (dS) one. Finally, with a brief discussion about Geometrothermodynamics, it is clear that the space–time structure of RGBH supports the fundamental relationship between gravity, thermodynamics and quantum theory.