bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tackling discrimination and systemic racism in academic and workplace settings
Authors: Cooper Brathwaite Angela , Versailles Dania , Juüdi‐Hope Daria , Coppin Maurice , Jefferies Keisha , Bradley Renee , Campbell Racquel , Garraway Corsita , Obewu Ola , LaRonde‐Ogilvie Cheryl , Sinclair Dionne , Groom Brittany , Grinspun Doris
Published: January 2022

Racism against Black people, Indigenous and other racialized people continues to exist in healthcare and academic settings. Racism produces profound harm to racialized people. Strategies to address systemic racism must be implemented to bring about sustainable changes in healthcare and academic settings. This quality improvement initiative provides strategies to address systemic racism and discrimination against Black nurses and nursing students in Ontario, Canada. It is part of a broader initiative showcasing Black nurses in action to end racism and discrimination. We have found that people who have experienced racism need healing, support and protection including trauma‐related services to facilitate their healing. Implementing multi‐level, multi‐pronged interventions in workplaces will create healthy work environments for all members of society, especially Black nurses who are both clients/patients and providers of healthcare.
Maternal pre‐pregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain, and pubertal timing in daughters: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Zhou Jixing , Zhang Fu , Zhang Shanshan , Li Peixuan , Qin Xiaoyun , Yang Mengting , Teng Yuzhu , Huang Kun
Published: January 2022

The timing of daughter's puberty onset is constantly earlier. It is still unclear about the maternal pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) as important prenatal factors that may affect offspring's onset of puberty. Thus, we evaluated the association among maternal pre‐pregnancy BMI, GWG, and daughters' early pubertal development based on the existing literature. Literature review was conducted in different databases, including Web of Science, Pubmed, Wiley, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases up to June 2021. We selected random effects model or fixed effects model for meta‐analysis according to the I2 statistics value to obtain the summary measurement. A total of 12 cohort studies were included. Compared to maternal pre‐pregnancy normal weight, maternal pre‐pregnancy overall overweight/obesity (RR = 1.24; 95% CI 1.17 to 1.32), obesity (RR = 1.35; 95% CI 1.23 to 1.48), and overweight (RR = 1.17; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.26) were significantly associated with the increased risk of earlier timing of pubertal onset in daughters. Daughters born of mothers with pre‐pregnancy overall overweight/obesity, obesity, and overweight had earlier pubertal onset compared to those born of mothers with normal weight ([mean difference = −3.03, 95% CI: −3.97 to −2.10], [mean difference = −3.50, 95% CI: −5.38 to −1.62], and [mean difference = −2.89, 95% CI: −4.07 to −1.71], respectively). The effects were also significant in the assessed three milestones (menarche, breast development, and pubic hair development). Maternal excessive GWG increased the risk of early pubertal timing in daughters (RR = 1.19; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.30).
Living systematic review to assess the analgesic undertreatment in cancer patients
Authors: Roberto Anna , Greco Maria T. , Uggeri Sara , Cavuto Silvio , Deandrea Silvia , Corli Oscar , Apolone Giovanni
Published: January 2022

Background and aims

This living and systematic review aimed to provide an updated summary of the available evidence on pain undertreatment prevalence in patients with cancer; correlations with some potential determinants and confounders were also carried out.

Materials and methods

We updated a systematic review published on 2014, including observational and experimental studies reporting the use of the pain management index (PMI) in adults with cancer and pain, from 2014 to 2020. We conducted searches in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Google Scholar. We performed univariate and multivariable regression analyses to describe the relationship between PMI and a list of potential explanatory variables.

Results

Twenty new papers were identified, yielding a total sample size of 66 studies. The proportion of patients classified as undertreated according to the year of study publication shows a higher decrease from 1994 to 2013 (−13% as relative change) than the most recent years 2014–2020 (−11%). The quality of the included studies has increased over the years (from 80% to 93%). At the multivariable analysis, a statistically significant relationship was confirmed between undertreatment and the year of the publication of the study and with a low–medium economic level of the countries, where the studies were conducted.

Discussion

Despite the improvement when compared to the period 1994–2000, still about 40% of the cases identified received an analgesic treatment inadequate to the intensity of pain, according to the PMI. Despite its intrinsic limitations, PMI continues to be widely used, and it could allow a continuous monitoring of pain management across a different mix of studies and patients.
Bullous impetigo‐like irritant contact dermatitis caused by perfume
Authors: Zhong Lian‐Sheng , Huang Bing‐Qing , Tang Wen‐Tao , Zhuo Zhi‐Qiang
Published: January 2022

Contact dermatitis usually presents as erythematous macules, papules, and vesicles. Sometimes, unusual clinical presentations of contact dermatitis are reported, including pustular, lymphomatoid, lichenoid, and pigmented variants. We describe the first patient with bullous irritant contact dermatitis caused by perfume, mimicking impetigo lesions. We report this case to raise awareness concerning the possibility of serious cutaneous reactions, such as bullous impetigo‐like irritant contact dermatitis due to perfumes which are ubiquitous, especially after direct contact with the solution. Perfume ingredients, such as fragrance, solvents, and preservatives all may cause or contribute to irritant contact dermatitis.
Procedural Rationality in Westminster Systems: HowDe‐SeparationAffects the Decision Premise
Authors: Dowding Keith , Taflaga Marija
Published: January 2022

Westminster administrative systems were characterized by a clear separation between the political careers and roles of elected ministers and career civil servants. The former set the values or aims of the organization; the latter utilize those values when generating policy ideas. This separation provides what H.A. Simon calls “procedural rationality.” The decision premise of public servants is (1) an apolitical commitment to government service, and (2) a commitment to advise on and implement the current government values, including expert advice using their personal and institutional memory and procedural knowledge. Using evidence from Australia and the United Kingdom, we track the de‐separation of political careers. Policy advice increasingly comes from outside the career public service, including politically appointed special advisors. Furthermore, senior politicians are increasingly drawn from the world of special and external advisors. De‐separation changes the decision premise of all actors, which we argue deleteriously affects the nature of policy formation.
Environmental norm diffusion and domestic legal innovation: The case of specialized environmental courts and tribunals
Authors: Angstadt J. Michael
Published: January 2022

As international environmental law grows decentralized, it is increasingly important to understand how norms promoting new environmental law institutions diffuse. This article identifies the actor classes that are promoting a norm supporting the establishment of specialized environmental courts and tribunals. It first surveys existing literature on environmental and institutional norm diffusion for foundational insight. Using document review, expert surveys and elite interviews, the article identifies key actors who have sought to promote environmental court establishment. The findings affirm that environmental courts have been promoted by widely recognized agents of environmental norm diffusion, including intergovernmental organizations, regional organizations and nongovernmental organizations. However, the results also emphasize that global environmental norms reflect active engagement by domestic judges, courts and judicial networks. This finding holds broad theoretical relevance for legal transfer and norm dynamics research in global environmental governance. First, while domestic judges are widely recognized for implementing international environmental legal norms and contributing to the governance of specific environmental regimes, this study demonstrates a case where domestic judges' norm entrepreneurship has actively supported the global diffusion of an emergent institutional norm. Second, while institutional actors including intergovernmental organizations, regional organizations, nongovernmental organizations and judicial networks are known to directly advocate new environmental institutions, this article emphasizes that they also catalyse normative dialogue, intentionally facilitating exchanges among domestic judges and actors. Collectively, these insights support ongoing research examining what values domestic environmental courts may reflect and how domestic judges and courts support environmental norm diffusion, broadly. Finally, the interdisciplinary nature of these findings underscores the benefit and practice‐relevance of further integrating norm diffusion scholarship in international environmental law and global environmental politics.
Estimating Lower Tail Dependence Between Pairs of Poverty Dimensions in Europe
Authors: D’agostino Antonella , De Luca Giovanni , Guégan Dominique
Published: January 2022

This article provides an innovative method for measuring the dependence between pairs of poverty dimensions using a semiparametric copula approach that permits us to account for the importance of extreme low values. The association between pairs of poverty dimensions at the lower tail is easily measured using the parameter estimates of the specified parametric copula, and no further calculations are needed. This approach is used to measure the bivariate lower tail dependence between the dimensions of the AROPE rate in Europe at two time points (2009 and 2018). The findings reveal a statistically significant increase in the lower tail dependence between 2009 and 2018 in several European countries.
Understanding and Addressing Gender‐Based Inequities in STEM: Research Synthesis and Recommendations for U.S. K‐12 Education
Authors: Kuchynka Sophie L. , Eaton Asia , Rivera Luis M.
Published: January 2022

We draw from ecological systems and social psychological theories to elucidate macrosystem‐ and microsystem‐level variables that promote and maintain gender inequities in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM). Because gender‐STEM stereotypes undermine girls’ (and women's), but boosts boys’ (and men's), STEM interest and success, we review how they operate in STEM learning environments to differentially socialize girls and boys and undermine gender integroup relations. We propose seven practice recommendations to improve STEM K‐12 education: (1) design relational classrooms, (2) teach the history of gender inequality and bias, (3) foster collaborative and cooperative classrooms, (4) promote active learning and growth mindset strategies, (5) reframing STEM as inclusive, (6) create near‐peer mentorship programs, and (7) re‐imagine evaluation metrics. To support these practice recommendations, three policy recommendations are posited: (1) increase teacher autonomy, training, and representation, (2) re‐evaluate standardized testing, and (3) reallocate and increase government funding for public schools.
Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Boudinot Brendon E. , Borowiec Marek L. , Prebus Matthew M.
Published: January 2022

Within the Formicidae, the higher classification of nearly all subfamilies has been recently revised given the findings of molecular phylogenetics. Here, we integrate morphology and molecular data to holistically address the evolution, classification, and identification of the ant genus Lasius, its tribe Lasiini, and their subfamily Formicinae. We find that the crown Lasiini originated around the end of the Cretaceous on the Eurasian continent and is divisible into four morphologically distinct clades: Cladomyrma, the Lasius genus group, the Prenolepis genus group, and a previously undetected lineage we name Metalasius gen.nov., with one extant species M. myrmidon comb. nov. and one fossil species, †M. pumilus comb. nov. The crown of the Lasius genus group is considerably younger than that of the Prenolepis genus group, indicating that extinction has played a major role in the evolution of the former clade. Lasius itself is divided into two well‐supported monophyletic groups, which are approximately equally speciose. We present evidence that temporary social parasitism and fungiculture arose twice independently in Lasius. In addition, we recover the paraphyly of three Lasius subgenera and propose replacing all subgenera with an informal species group classification: Lasius = Acanthomyops syn.rev., = Austrolasius syn.nov., = Cautolasius syn.nov., = Chthonolasius syn.nov., = Dendrolasius syn.nov. Total‐evidence analysis reveals that the Baltic‐region amber fossil species †Lasius pumilus and †Pseudolasius boreus are misplaced to genus; we, therefore, create Sussuido gen. nov. to accomodate †S. boreus comb. nov. and transfer †L. pumilus to Metalasius. Further, we transfer †Sussudio and †Glaphyromyrmex out of the Lasiini, considering the former to be incertae sedis in the subfamily, and the latter a member of the Formicini (tribal transfer). Two final taxonomic actions are deemed necessary: synonymy of Lasius escamole with Liometopum apiculatum syn.nov. (subfamilial transfer), and transfer of Paratrechina kohli to Anoplolepis (tribal transfer, forming A. kohli comb.nov.).

ZooBank Article LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:016059BA‐33C3‐43B2‐ADAD‐6807DC5CB6D8

Author ZooBank LSIDs: Borowiec: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:411B711F‐605B‐4C4B‐ABDB‐D4D96075CE48. Boudinot: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:919F03B0‐60BA‐4379‐964D‐A56EB582E16D. Prebus: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:1A6494C7‐795E‐455C‐B66F‐7F6C32F76584
Phylogeny and phylogeography of Diestramima cave crickets (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae): speciation driven by multiple dispersal and vicariance events
Authors: Zhu Qidi , Zhou Zhijun , Zheng Xiang , Wang Tao , Ma Lan , Shi Fuming
Published: January 2022

Cave crickets (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae) are an understudied family with poor dispersal abilities and broad distributions, which makes them ideal for investigations of historical biogeography. Within Rhaphidophoridae, Diestramima is the largest genus of the tribe Diestramimini, and most species are endemic to China. It was divided into three subgenera based only on morphological characteristics, and no molecular evidence has been previously reported. Here, we reconstruct the phylogeny and phylogeography of Diestramima based on three mitochondrial (COI, 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA) and two nuclear fragments (18S rRNA and 28S rRNA). A total of 114 samples representing 28 morphological species were sampled from China. Molecular phylogenies were reconstructed using Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood and four approaches (ABGD, jMOTU, GMYC and bPTP) were employed to delimit species. Phylogenetic analyses highly supported the monophyly of Diestramima, but did not support the classification system consisting of three subgenera. Species delimitation methods suggested 28 species, among which six new species were described: Diestramima furcata Zhu & Shi sp. n., Diestramima spinata Zhu & Shi sp. n., Diestramima qionglaiensis Zhu & Shi sp. n., Diestramima taiwanensis Zhu & Shi sp. n., Diestramima longifolia Zhu & Shi sp. n., Diestramima sichuanensis Zhu & Shi sp. n. Divergence time estimation and reconstruction of ancestral areas indicated that Diestramima may have originated from Southern Yunnan at 17.72 Ma (95% highest probability density: 14.71–21.05 Ma) in the early Miocene. The initial divergence within the genus was likely to be correlated with geographical isolation. Most speciation events have occurred since the Pliocene, possibly driven by multiple dispersal and vicariance events and influenced by the uplift of the Himalaya–Tibetan plateau and climate change.

ZooBank URL:
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D461A536‐6728‐4547‐9EC4‐AF56D3BB9000.
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5FA4075B‐4CD2‐43A5‐B109‐D32882CCF369.
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C3D02B4E‐1442‐456F‐BD59‐C811716F0704.
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E022BD2C‐8A69‐4C00‐B008‐129DE9ABB229.
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4E5552E4‐78CB‐498F‐ABB6‐98D56BEC6FBC.
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:480E002C‐4B82‐4F0D‐B421‐2AFD9F333333.
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:220EE409‐293B‐4ACC‐B853‐090EF226123D.
Oral vancomycin for Clostridioides difficile prophylaxis in allogenic hematopoietic cell transplant
Authors: Altemeier Olivia J. , Konrardy Kelsey T.
Published: January 2022

Background

Neutropenia and antibiotic use put patients at risk for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) following allogenic hematopoietic cell transplant (alloHCT). CDI following alloHCT has been associated with acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGVHD), a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in this population. We sought to evaluate if prophylactic oral vancomycin reduces the incidence of CDI in alloHCT recipients.

Methods

We conducted a single‐center retrospective chart review to compare the effectiveness of oral vancomycin prophylaxis versus no prophylaxis in alloHCT recipients at the University of Kansas Health System. Vancomycin for CDI prophylaxis was implemented in March of 2018 at the University of Kansas Health System. Review of 100 consecutive alloHCT patients before and after this implementation was used to compare outcomes. Patients received oral vancomycin 125 mg twice daily, starting on the day of inpatient admission for alloHCT and continued until discharge. The primary outcome is the incidence of CDI in patients with oral vancomycin prophylaxis compared to those who did not receive prophylaxis during hospital admission for alloHCT. The secondary endpoints include the incidence of acute grades 2–4 GVHD, and event‐free survival for each arm.

Results

Eleven percent of patients developed CDI in the control group versus 2% of patients in the intervention group (p = .018). Oral vancomycin was not associated with a higher risk of acute GVHD grades 2–4 (36% vs. 38%; p = .77) at day 100 post transplant. No difference was seen in event‐free survival.

Conclusions

Oral vancomycin was associated with reduced CDI incidence in patients that underwent an alloHCT without negatively affecting posttransplant outcomes. The contribution of confounders cannot be excluded.
Measurement and clinical applications of C‐reactive protein in gastrointestinal diseases of dogs
Authors: Covin Marshal A. , Steiner Joerg M.
Published: January 2022

C‐reactive protein (CRP) is a positive acute‐phase protein, serum concentrations of which increase nonspecifically in response to inflammatory processes of the dog. As such, it can aid in the identification of inflammatory disease and, maybe more importantly, the objective monitoring of disease progression. In dogs, CRP is frequently used to evaluate dogs with gastrointestinal diseases, such as chronic inflammatory enteropathies (also termed idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease), acute pancreatitis, canine parvovirus infection, hepatic disease, acute abdomen, and protein‐losing enteropathy. The diversity of the assays available to measure CRP in dogs is nearly as numerous as the diseases in which serum concentrations of this protein are increased. Assay methodologies include laser nephelometric immunoassays, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays, immunoturbidimetric assays, and time‐resolved immunofluorometric assays. While many of these assays are acceptable for clinical use in the dog, the same assay and analyzer should be used to measure a patient's CRP concentration longitudinally. By looking at the uses of CRP in human gastroenterology, including reducing the duration of antibiotic therapy, the veterinary profession can gain insight into novel ways in which serum CRP concentration measurements might be applied in veterinary medicine in the future.
Combined prick and patch tests for diagnosis of food hypersensitivity in dogs with chronic pruritus
Authors: Possebom Juliane , Cruz Ariane , Gmyterco Vanessa Cunningham , de Farias Marconi Rodrigues
Published: January 2022

Background

Previous studies have shown that patch testing with food extracts can assist formulation of elimination diets (ED) in human patients with suspected adverse food reactions (AFR). Little is known about the use of these tests in dogs.

Objectives

To evaluate the effectiveness of a combination of prick and patch testing in current protocols, and food challenge (FC) tests in dogs with AFR.

Methods and materials

Prick and patch tests were performed on 21 dogs with chronic, nonseasonal pruritus. Dogs then were fed an ED formulated on the basis of the results. All dogs with improved clinical signs then were challenged with a food to which there had been a positive reaction in the tests. Six dogs subsequently were challenged with a food to which they had been negative on testing. Pruritus Visual Analog Scale (pVAS) and Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index, 4th iteration (CADESI‐04) were evaluated on Day (D)0, D30 and D60 of the ED. Sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values, and the Kappa (κ)value were calculated.

Results

Of the 21 dogs, there was a significant mean improvement in pVAS and CADESI‐04 scores in 16 (76%) dogs after D30 (P < 0.01) and D60 (P < 0.01) of the ED. There were no statistical differences between D30 and D60. The combination of tests had SE, SP, PPV, NPV and κ values of 80%, 66.7%, 66.7%, 80% and –0.17, respectively.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

The combination of prick and patch testing reached high values of SE and NPV. A diagnosis of AFR was made in 76% of the dogs, and test results were useful for the selection of an ED.
Integration of text messaging interventions into hypertension management among older adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tam Hon Lon , Leung Leona Yuen Ling , Wong Eliza Mi Ling , Cheung Kin , Chan Alex Siu Wing
Published: January 2022

Background

An aging population and required hypertension control are global concerns that burden the healthcare system. Text messaging interventions have been developed to support hypertension management, but their effects on the older population are unknown.

Objectives

This review aimed to identify the effects of a text messaging intervention on hypertension management among older adults.

Methods

Four English and two Chinese databases with randomized controlled trials published between January 2010 and December 2020 were searched. The mean age of the participants was 60 years or above. Participants were also diagnosed with hypertension. The Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool was used for the critical appraisal. Data in each study were extracted, and a meta‐analysis was presented in terms of mean difference (MD) and standardized mean difference (SMD).

Results

A total of 1670 records were screened, of which six were included in the final review. The intervention of the included studies lasted up to 6 months, and one‐way text messaging was commonly used. Meta‐analysis showed that a text messaging intervention significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (MD = −6.11, p < .01) but not diastolic blood pressure. Regarding medication adherence, a moderate effect was noted with the use of text messaging among older adults with hypertension (SMD = 0.65, p = .01).

Linking Evidence to Action

A text messaging intervention can improve hypertension management among older adults. The standardized content of one‐way text messaging is suggested to be delivered weekly.
Patient expectations and preferences for community‐based hypertension classes with implications for action
Authors: Bulgin Dominique , Biola Holly R. , Whitney Colette A. , Bakovic Melanie , Kang Yunah , Raman Rohith Sai , Eck Cameron , Caesar Awanya , Chaplin Joan , Eisenson Howard , Granger Bradi B.
Published: January 2022

Background

Uncontrolled hypertension disproportionately affects Black men. Patient engagement with health promotion and health behavior programs for hypertension control is low. We held evidence‐based hypertension classes at a Federally Qualified Health Center.

Aims

The aim of this project was to elicit patient preferences and expectations for community‐based hypertension classes.

Methods

Group hypertension classes were held at a Federally Qualified Health Center. The priority population was Black men with hypertension. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with the group class attendees. Two independent coders performed content analysis using field notes from the interviews.

Results

Seven group class attendees were interviewed. Six interviewees were Black males, one was a Black female, and the mean age was 65.7 years. Content analysis of the interview field notes revealed five content areas: (1) Recommendation of Group Classes to a Friend, (2) Expectations for the Group Classes, (3) Reasons for Continued Attendance, (4) Lifestyle Changes and Adopting the Group Class Lessons, and (5) Feedback and Recommendations to Improve Group Classes. Findings suggest that creating a cultural context in which open, transparent discussion of blood pressure occur can be achieved. Thus, regarding acceptability, classes fulfilled and often exceeded the attendees’ expectations and needs.

Linking Evidence to Action

Our findings suggest that community‐based group classes are a viable intervention to contribute toward addressing the disparity of hypertension control among Black men. When designing peer‐group interventions, taking patient preferences and expectations into account increases the effectiveness of these interventions. The qualitative narrative provided in this paper contributes to the development of similar community‐based group classes for the management of severe hypertension.
Virtual simulation debriefing in health professions education: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Garmaise-Yee Joy , Houston Christine , Johnson Tonia , Sarmiento Stephanie
Published: January 2022

Objective:

The objective of this scoping review is to identify and map the existing literature on virtual simulation debriefing methods utilized in health professions education.

Introduction:

Virtual simulation has emerged as a feasible alternative to in-person learning, allowing learners to continue their education despite constraints of space, finances, and clinical placement opportunities. Virtual simulation has proven to be a vital resource for health care students during the COVID-19 pandemic. While virtual simulation provides students with continued opportunities to develop knowledge and critical thinking in a safe environment, debriefing is a crucial step for successful knowledge uptake and deeper learning. Several studies have examined this topic in various health care settings; however, there are currently no scoping reviews that have explored virtual simulation debriefing in health professions education.

Inclusion criteria:

This review will consider primary and secondary source articles that explore debriefing of virtual simulation within any undergraduate or graduate health education programs. Any setting that provides virtual simulation and debriefing, in any country, will be included.

Methods:

The review will be conducted in accordance with JBI methodology for scoping reviews and will search the following databases: Cochrane Library, JBI Evidence-based Practice Database, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Epistemonikos, Embase, ERIC, PsycINFO, Nursing and Allied Health Database, and Web of Science. Studies published from 2016 onward will be considered. The data extracted will include specific details about the concept, context, studymethod, and critical findings relevant to the review objective. Data will be presented in diagrammatic or tabular format in a manner that aligns with the objective of this scoping review.

Scoping review registration: :

Open Science Framework https://osf.io/36s5x
A Hybrid Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian Formulation for the Investigation of the Stability of Pipes Conveying Fluid and Axially Moving Beams
Authors: Pieber Michael , Ntarladima Konstantina , Winkler Robert , Gerstmayr Johannes
Published: January 2022

This work addresses pipes conveying fluid and axially moving beams undergoing large deformations. A novel two-dimensional beam finite element is presented, based on the absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF) with an extra Eulerian coordinate to describe axial motion. The resulting formulation is well known as the arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) method, which is often used to model axially moving beams and pipes conveying fluid. The proposed approach, which is derived from an extended version of Lagrange's equations of motion, allows for the investigation of the stability of pipes conveying fluid and axially moving beams for a certain axial velocity and stationary state of large deformation. Additionally, a multibody modeling approach allows us to extend the beam formulation for comoving discrete masses, which represent concentrated masses attached to the beam, e.g., gondolas in ropeway systems, or transported masses in conveyor belts. Within numerical investigations, we show that axially moving beams and a larger number of discrete masses behave similarly as in the case of beams with evenly distributed mass.
"Narcóticos Anónimos y Centros de Atención al Drogodependiente: un análisis antropológico de dos recursos asistenciales"
Authors:   Asociación Proyecto Hogar, Fernández Piedra Diego
Published: January 2022

La tesis doctoral a presentar en el congreso estudia, desde una perspectiva antropológica, dos tratamientos de drogodependencias ubicados en la ciudad de Madrid. Ambos dispositivos, a través de diferentes procesos, articulan cambios en la subjetividad de adicto con la que estos llegan a ellos. Estos procedimientos, sustentados teóricamente en elementos tradicionales explicativos de la antropología respecto a las adicciones y concretados en la actualidad ideológica de este fenómeno, proporcionarán una explicación de este como proceso sociopolítico. En ellos las herramientas e instituciones de intervención existentes, funcionan como tecnologías de disciplinamiento y control de los consumidores. Cumpliendo ambos recursos analizados una función tanto de dispositivo biopolítico, como de tecnología de gobierno, los cuales responden a una racionalidad política neoliberal, clave dentro del proceso de gubernamentalidad. Los dos recursos funcionarán pues, como tecnologías a través de las cuales se pone de manifiesto una estrategia concreta de gobierno sobre las adicciones, entendiéndolas como expresiones biopolíticas con capacidad disciplinaria sobre los individuos que deciden permanecer en ellas. Articulándose a través de estos modos de actuar un tipo de gobierno concreto, representado en una ideología específica respecto a la salud.
Offshore wind energy development: Research priorities for sound and vibration effects on fishes and aquatic invertebrates
Authors: Popper Arthur N. , Hice-Dunton Lyndie , Jenkins Edward , Higgs Dennis M. , Krebs Justin , Mooney Aran , Rice Aaron , Roberts Louise , Thomsen Frank , Vigness-Raposa Kathy , Zeddies David , Williams Kathryn A.
Published: January 2022

There are substantial knowledge gaps regarding both the bioacoustics and the responses of animals to sounds associated with pre-construction, construction, and operations of offshore wind (OSW) energy development. A workgroup of the 2020 State of the Science Workshop on Wildlife and Offshore Wind Energy identified studies for the next five years to help stakeholders better understand potential cumulative biological impacts of sound and vibration to fishes and aquatic invertebrates as the OSW industry develops. The workgroup identified seven short-term priorities that include a mix of primary research and coordination efforts. Key research needs include the examination of animal displacement and other behavioral responses to sound, as well as hearing sensitivity studies related to particle motion, substrate vibration, and sound pressure. Other needs include: identification of priority taxa on which to focus research; standardization of methods; development of a long-term highly instrumented field site; and examination of sound mitigation options for fishes and aquatic invertebrates. Effective assessment of potential cumulative impacts of sound and vibration on fishes and aquatic invertebrates is currently precluded by these and other knowledge gaps. However, filling critical gaps in knowledge will improve our understanding of possible sound-related impacts of OSW energy development to populations and ecosystems.
Using good vibrations: Melting and controlled shear jamming of dense granular suspensions
Authors: Garat C. , Kiesgen de Richter S. , Lidon P. , Colin A. , Ovarlez G.
Published: January 2022

Flows of suspensions can be blocked when the suspended particles are densely packed. This makes their formulation and their transport challenging in the industry. In this paper, we study the impact of vibrations on the behavior of dense granular suspensions prepared at a volume fraction above their jamming volume fraction but below the particle assembly random close packing. Vibrations are shown to have a strong effect on their rheological properties and to tune their transition from solidlike to liquidlike behavior. We study suspensions of rough silica particles in a Newtonian fluid. In the absence of vibrations, they have a solidlike behavior: they flow only above a yield stress. Particles are confined by the liquid interface, and the yield stress is of the frictional origin. When vibrations are applied, the yield stress vanishes to give rise to a liquidlike pseudo-Newtonian behavior at a low shear rate. Using shear-reversal experiments, we show that these liquidlike vibrated suspensions of frictional particles behave like nonvibrated suspensions of frictionless particles. As the shear rate is increased, we observe a shear thickening of the vibrated suspensions, eventually leading to shear-jamming. The yield stress behavior is recovered, and vibrations have no more impact. We show that this shear thickening can be tuned by changing the vibration energy injected into the system. We, finally, propose a physical picture based on the competition between contact opening by vibration and contact formation by shear to account for these behaviors. In the framework of the Wyart and Cates [Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 098302 (2014)] model, vibrations can be seen as introducing a thermal-like repulsive force, yielding a critical stress proportional to the vibration stress introduced by Hanotin et al. [J. Rheol. 59, 253–273 (2015)].
Interaction Between Caffeine and Creatine When Used as Concurrent Ergogenic Supplements: A Systematic Review
Authors: Elosegui Sara , López-Seoane Jaime , Martínez-Ferrán María , Pareja-Galeano Helios
Published: January 2022

There is some controversy regarding the interactions between creatine (CRE) and caffeine (CAF) supplements. The aim of this systematic review was to study whether such ergogenic interaction occurs and to analyze the protocol to optimize their synchronous use. The PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus databases were searched until November 2021 following the PRISMA guidelines. Ten studies were included. Three studies observed that CRE loading before an acute dose of CAF before exercise did not interfere in the beneficial effect of CAF, whereas one study reported that only an acute supplementation (SUP) of CAF was beneficial but not the acute SUP of both. When chronic SUP with CRE + CAF was used, two studies reported that CAF interfered in the beneficial effect of CRE, whereas three studies did not report interaction between concurrent SUP, and one study reported synergy. Possible mechanisms of interaction are opposite effects on relaxation time and gastrointestinal distress derived from concurrent SUP. CRE loading does not seem to interfere in the acute effect of CAF. However, chronic SUP of CAF during CRE loading could interfere in the beneficial effect of CRE.
A Synthetic Maternal-Effect Selfish Genetic Element Drives Population Replacement in
Drosophila
Authors: Chen Chun-Hong , Huang Haixia , Ward Catherine M. , Su Jessica T. , Schaeffer Lorian V. , Guo Ming , Hay Bruce A.
Published: January 2022

One proposed strategy for controlling the transmission of insect-borne pathogens uses a drive mechanism to ensure the rapid spread of transgenes conferring disease refractoriness throughout wild populations. Here, we report the creation of maternal-effect selfish genetic elements in
Drosophila
that drive population replacement and are resistant to recombination-mediated dissociation of drive and disease refractoriness functions. These selfish elements use microRNA-mediated silencing of a maternally expressed gene essential for embryogenesis, which is coupled with early zygotic expression of a rescuing transgene.
Signals from Chloroplasts Converge to Regulate Nuclear Gene Expression
Authors: Koussevitzky Shai , Nott Ajit , Mockler Todd C. , Hong Fangxin , Sachetto-Martins Gilberto , Surpin Marci , Lim Jason , Mittler Ron , Chory Joanne
Published: January 2022

Plastid-to-nucleus retrograde signaling coordinates nuclear gene expression with chloroplast function and is essential for the photoautotrophic life-style of plants. Three retrograde signals have been described, but little is known of their signaling pathways. We show here that GUN1, a chloroplast-localized pentatricopeptide-repeat protein, and ABI4, an Apetala 2 (AP2)–type transcription factor, are common to all three pathways. ABI4 binds the promoter of a retrograde-regulated gene through a conserved motif found in close proximity to a light-regulatory element. We propose a model in which multiple indicators of aberrant plastid function in
Arabidopsis
are integrated upstream of GUN1 within plastids, which leads to ABI4-mediated repression of nuclear-encoded genes.
Strengthening scientific integrity
Authors: Nelson Alondra , Lubchenco Jane
Published: January 2022

A robust democracy requires a common well-spring of reliable information. During his first days in office, US President Biden affirmed that evidence-based decision-making—informed by vigorous science and unimpeded by political interference—would be a pillar of his administration. He directed ambitious actions to implement that goal, including the creation of an interagency Scientific Integrity Task Force, which has just released the
first-ever, comprehensive assessment of scientific integrity policy and practices in the US government.
Molecular Insights into the Assembly and Functional Diversification of Typhoid Toxin
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , Chen Zhe , Jiao Xuyao , Jiang Xukai , Qiu Jicheng , You Fuping , Long Hongan , Cao Hongzhi , Fowler Casey C. , Gao Xiang
Published: January 2022

Typhoid fever is a devastating disease that kills more than 115,000 people every year and is caused by
Salmonella
Typhi. Typhoid toxin, exclusively produced by
S
.
Conformation of HIV-1 Envelope Governs Rhesus CD4 Usage and Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Replication
Authors: Vilmen Geraldine , Smith Anna C. , Benet Hector Cervera , Shukla Rajni Kant , Larue Ross C. , Herschhorn Alon , Sharma Amit
Published: January 2022

Rhesus macaques are a critical animal model for preclinical testing of HIV-1 vaccine and prevention approaches. However, HIV-1 does not replicate in rhesus macaques, and thus, chimeric simian-human immunodeficiency viruses (SHIVs), which encode HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Envs), are used as surrogate challenge viruses to infect rhesus macaques for modeling HIV-1 infection.
Targeting the Fusion Process of SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Small Molecule Inhibitors
Authors: Park Seung Bum , Irvin Parker , Hu Zongyi , Khan Mohsin , Hu Xin , Zeng Qiru , Chen Catherine , Xu Miao , Leek Madeleine , Zang Ruochen , Case James Brett , Zheng Wei , Ding Siyuan , Liang T. Jake
Published: January 2022

SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped virus that requires membrane fusion for entry into host cells. Since the fusion process is relatively conserved among enveloped viruses, we tested our HCV fusion inhibitors, dichlorcyclizine and fluoxazolevir, against SARS-CoV-2.
Intranuclear Positions of HIV-1 Proviruses Are Dynamic and Do Not Correlate with Transcriptional Activity
Authors: Burdick Ryan C. , Deleage Claire , Duchon Alice , Estes Jacob D. , Hu Wei-Shau , Pathak Vinay K.
Published: January 2022

HIV-1 integrates its genomic DNA into the chromosomes of the infected cell, but how it selects the site of integration and the impact of their location in the 3-dimensional nuclear space is not well understood. Here, we examined the nuclear locations of proviruses 1 and 5 days after infection and found that integration sites are first located near the nuclear envelope but become randomly distributed throughout the nucleus after a few cell divisions, indicating that the locations of the chromosomal sites of integration that harbor transcriptionally active proviruses are dynamic.
Genomic and Phenotypic Characterization of Experimentally Selected Resistant Leishmania donovani Reveals a Role for Dynamin-1-Like Protein in the Mechanism of Resistance to a Novel Antileishmanial Compound
Authors: Hefnawy Aya , Negreira Gabriel , Jara Marlene , Cotton James A. , Maes Ilse , D’Haenens Erika , Imamura Hideo , Cuypers Bart , Monsieurs Pieter , Mouchtoglou Christina , De Winter Hans , Pintelon Isabel , Timmermans Jean-Pierre , Berriman Matt , Sanders Mandy , Martin Julio , de Muylder Geraldine , Dujardin Jean-Claude , Sterckx Yann G.-J. , Domagalska Malgorzata Anna
Published: January 2022

Humans and their pathogens are continuously locked in a molecular arms race during which the eventual emergence of pathogen drug resistance (DR) seems inevitable. For neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), DR is generally studied retrospectively once it has already been established in clinical settings.
Fungal Extracellular Vesicles Are Involved in Intraspecies Intracellular Communication
Authors: Bitencourt Tamires A. , Hatanaka Otavio , Pessoni Andre M. , Freitas Mateus S. , Trentin Gabriel , Santos Patrick , Rossi Antonio , Martinez-Rossi Nilce M. , Alves Lysangela L. , Casadevall Arturo , Rodrigues Marcio L. , Almeida Fausto
Published: January 2022

Here, we report a study about extracellular vesicles (EVs) as communication mediators in fungi. Our results demonstrated the role of EVs from
Candida albicans
,
Aspergillus fumigatus
, and
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
regulating the expression of target genes and phenotype features.
The Role of Fatty Acid Metabolism in Drug Tolerance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Quinonez Camila G. , Lee Jae Jin , Lim Juhyeon , Odell Mark , Lawson Christopher P. , Anyogu Amararachukwu , Raheem Saki , Eoh Hyungjin
Published: January 2022

Understanding the mechanisms underlying
M. tuberculosis
adaptive strategies to achieve drug tolerance is crucial for the identification of new targets and the development of new drugs. Here, we show that acetate medium triggers a drug-tolerant state in
M. tuberculosis
when challenged with antituberculosis (anti-TB) drugs.
Whole-Genome Duplication and Host Genotype Affect Rhizosphere Microbial Communities
Authors: Ponsford Julian C. B. , Hubbard Charley J. , Harrison Joshua G. , Maignien Lois , Buerkle C. Alex , Weinig Cynthia
Published: January 2022

Plants influence the composition of their associated microbial communities, yet the underlying host-associated genetic determinants are typically unknown. Genome duplication events are common in the evolutionary history of plants and affect many plant traits.
Comparative Genomic and Metabolomic Analysis of
Termitomyces
Species Provides Insights into the Terpenome of the Fungal Cultivar and the Characteristic Odor of the Fungus Garden of
Macrotermes natalensis
Termites
Authors: Kreuzenbeck Nina B. , Seibel Elena , Schwitalla Jan W. , Fricke Janis , Conlon Benjamin H. , Schmidt Suzanne , Hammerbacher Almuth , Köllner Tobias G. , Poulsen Michael , Hoffmeister Dirk , Beemelmanns Christine
Published: January 2022

The symbiosis between macrotermitinae termites and
Termitomyces
is obligate for both partners and is one of the most important contributors to biomass conversion in the Old World tropic’s ecosystems. To date, research efforts have dominantly focused on acquiring a better understanding of the degradative capabilities of
Termitomyces
to sustain the obligate nutritional symbiosis, but our knowledge of the small-molecule repertoire of the fungal cultivar mediating interspecies and interkingdom interactions has remained fragmented.
Supplemental Material: Non-steady-state slip rates emerge along evolving restraining bends under constant loading
Authors: Elston Hanna , al. et
Published: January 2022

Expanded methodology and repeated experiment faulting history.
Quality improvement project to improve patient outcomes by reducing door to CT and door to needle time and increasing appropriate referrals for endovascular thrombectomy.
Authors: Hennebry Jennifer , Stoneman Sinead , Jones Breda , Bambrick Nicola , Stroiescu Andreea , Crosbie Ian , Mulcahy Riona
Published: January 2022

This paper describes a stroke quality improvement (QI) project in a primary stroke centre in a 431-bed hospital serving a local population of 114 000 people. Approximately 170 acute strokes are treated each year in a seven-bed stroke unit managed by three geriatricians with a subspecialty interest in stroke. 24-hour CT radiology service is available. Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is performed by neuro-interventional radiology at one of two comprehensive stroke centres located 90–120 min away.

In 2018, as part of a national collaborative QI initiative a new national thrombectomy referral pathway was introduced with an aim that all eligible patients be referred for EVT. This initiative included maximising timely access to CT and thrombolysis. Review of local data highlighted significant deficits in these areas.

A local QI team convened and a multidisciplinary approach was employed to map the existing process for CT access and time to thrombolysis decision.

We describe how focused timesaving interventions such as; new emergency and radiology department ‘pre-alerts’, dedicated acute stroke pagers, new ‘FAST’ registration by clerical staff, new CT ordering codes and new ‘FAST packs’ (including tissue plasminogen activator, paper National Institute of Health Stroke Scale scoring tools, consent forms and EVT patient selection tools) were created and incorporated into a multidisciplinary detailed clinical stroke care pathway.

We describe how we achieved our SMART aims; to reduce our door to CT time and to reduce our door to needle time to the national target of less than 30 min. A third aim was to increase the number of patients referred for EVT from our centre.

This project is an accurate description of how a multidisciplinary approach combined with teamwork and effective communication can create sustainable improved patient care and is generalisable to all institutions that require timely referral to external centres for EVT.