bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Breast Cancer and its Associated Factors for Recurrence in Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan from 2008 to 2012
Authors: Mahno Noor Ezmas , Muhammad Amjad Nasser , Kasian Junaini , C Azhani
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is the commonest malignancy in Malaysian women. Cancer recurrence commonly seen in the first 2 years can be detrimental. Thus, identifying its prognostic factors is important. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have retrospectively analyzed 179 women with breast cancer based on 5 years single center database with minimum follow up of 2 years. The demographic and clinico[1]pathological characteristics were determined using descriptive statistics. Survival was calculated based on Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate analysis by Cox proportional hazards was performed to evaluate the potential factors affecting breast cancer recurrence. RESULTS: Mean follow up was 42 months, with mean age 52 years and 60.9% presented in Stage II disease. Overall recurrence was 41.9% with local recurrence 2.1%, regional recurrence 12.3% and distant recurrence 27.4%. 50% of our patients developed recurrence at 25 months. On univariate analysis, time to first presentation was significantly correlated with recurrence. In multivariate analysis, the tumor size, lymph node positivity and lympho-vascular invasion were independently associated with recurrence. Discussion: To date, local studies on prognostic factors in breast cancer recurrence remained sparse. Based on this study, factors associated with breast cancer recurrence identified and coincides with the previous evidence. Furthermore, this would provide evidence to improve the survival for patients with breast cancer in local settings. CONCLUSION: Further studies also need to be done on the non-compliant patients with advanced disease at presentation to determine factors towards their perception of surgical care in breast oncology.
Determine the Best Models for Time Series by using a New Suggested Technique
Authors: Alzawbaee Obaid Mahmmood Mohsin
Published: May 2024

The proposed method relies on a technique to choose the best model by giving values for the ranks of the model ARMA (p, q), where (p, q) are given the values 0, 1, 2. Every time (ACF) and (PACF) for the series of estimated errors {at} are tested ، and the model which satisfies the two inequalities (7) and (9) is the best. It was applied to (14) annual series, representing the amounts of rainfall, and (7) daily series representing the daily Coronavirus infections. The most important conclusions and recommendations are. Applying the proposed method reduces the possibility of committing errors because its steps are clear and straightforward, giving it an application advantage. In many cases, it is impossible to know the model's rank through the behavior of (ACF) and (PACF), while the proposed method overcomes these forms to choose the best. The research recommended adopting the proposed method because it is easy to understand, learn and apply in addition to its accuracy.
Клінічно-параклінічна характеристика психоневрологічних розладів при постковідному синдромі
Authors: Bakun O.-N. A. , Bilobryn M. S. , Kulmatytskyi A. V.
Published: May 2024

Стаття присвячена дослідженню психоневрологічних розладів та біохімічних показників, таких як середні молекули, окисна модифікація білків та перекисне окислення ліпідів, що виникають у пацієнтів після перенесеної коронавірусної хвороби (COVID-19). Автори аналізують результати досліджень, спрямованих на визначення впливу COVID-19 на центральну нервову систему, зокрема на нейрони та астроцити. Дослідження зосереджено на вивченні зв'язку між нейрозапаленням та психічними розладами, на можливостях протизапального лікування в контексті постковідного синдрому. Окремий акцент робиться на визначенні оптимальних методів діагностики та моніторингу рівнів середніх молекул, а також розгляді важливості окисної модифікації білків у патогенезі постковідного синдрому. Ця стаття спрямована на фахівців у галузі неврології, психіатрії та імунології, а також на всіх, хто зацікавлений у вивченні психоневрологічних аспектів післяковідного синдрому та можливих стратегій лікування цих порушень.
Первинний головний біль у дітей та підлітків. Чим може допомогти педіатр
Authors: Romanenko S. Y.
Published: May 2024

У статті викладено інформацію стосовно найбільш частої скарги, з якою звертаються діти або їх батьки/опікуни до лікаря загальної практики. Представлені статистичні дані основних типів первинного головного болю, їх клінічні характеристики. Особливу увагу приділено питанням ретельного збору анамнезу лікарями первинної ланки у дітей раннього віку зі скаргами на цефалгії. Наведені сучасні алгоритми діагностики дітей з цією недугою лікарями-педіатрами.
Persepsi Mahasiswa Pendidikan Matematika terhadap Perkuliahan Online
Authors: Erin  , Maharani Anggita
Published: May 2024

Artikel ini membahas mengenai hasil penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi mahasiswa pendidikan matematika terhadap pelaksanaan perkuliahan online menggunakan aplikasi Edmodo. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Penelitian deskriptif studi kasus ini melibatkan 80 subjek penelitian yang merupakan mahasiswa Pendidikan Matematika Tingkat 3 pada salah satu Perguruan Tinggi swasta di Cirebon Tahun Akademik 2015/2016. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh melalui lembar angket, wawancara, dan observasi. Analisis data berfokus pada Seleksi, Interpretasi dan Reaksi mahasiswa. Hasil angket menunjukkan terdapat 85% mahasiswa cenderung pada pernyataan positif sedangkan yang cenderung pada pernyataan negatif hanya 25%. Hasil triangulasi data dari penyebaran angket, wawancara dan observasi dapat diketahui bahwa rata-rata dari mahasiswa menyukai perkuliahan online dan mahasiswa sudah mengetahui dan bisa menggunakan aplikasi yang mendukung perkuliahan online sepertiEdmodo. Menurut mahasiswa, perkuliahan online sangat nyaman dan efektif ketika mahasiswa mendapatkan jaringan internet yang baik. Akan tetapi, mahasiswa merasa perlu mendapat perkuliahan konvensional (tatap muka) untuk meyakinkan pemahaman mereka.
This article discusses the results of research that aims to determine the perception of mathematics education students to the implementation of online lectures using the Edmodo application. This research uses a qualitative approach. This descriptive case study research involves 80 research subjects who are students of Mathematics Education Level 3 at one private university in Cirebon Academic Year 2015/2016. The results of this study were obtained through questionnaires, interviews, and observations. Data analysis focuses on Student Selection, Interpretation, and Reaction. The questionnaire results show that 85% of students tend to use positive statements, while those tend to negative statements only 25%. Triangulation of data from questionnaires, interviews, and observations can be seen that the average of the students liked the lectures online and students already know and can use applications that support online lectures such as Edmodo. According to students, online lectures are very convenient and effective when students get a good internet network. However, students feel the need to get a conventional lecture (face-to-face) to convince their understanding.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Numbered Head Together terhadap Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis
Authors: Lagur Deutelina S. , Makur Alberta P. , Ramda Apolonia H.
Published: May 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa kelas X SMK Santo Aloisius Ruteng tahun ajaran 2017/2018 yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe NHT dibandingkan dengan yang diajarkan dengan model pembelajaran langsung. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan desain penelitian posttest only control group design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X jurusan Teknik Kendaraan Ringan (TKR) SMK Santo Aloisius Ruteng yang tersebar dalam tiga kelas. Dua kelas dipilih secara acak untuk dijadikan sampel penelitian. Kelas X TKR B terpilih sebagai kelas eksperimen yang diajarkan dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe NHT sedangkan kelas X TKR C diajarkan dengan model pembelajaran langsung. Data yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini berupa skor kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa yang dianalisis dengan uji t. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data diperoleh bahwa kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa yang menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe NHT lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa yang menggunakan model pembelajaran langsung.
This study aimed to determine the effect of the cooperative learning model NHT type on students’ mathematical communication skills of grade X SMK Santo Aloisius Ruteng in the academic year 2017/2018. This study was experimental research with a post-test-only control group design. The population of this study was all the tenth-grade students majoring in Teknik Kendaraan
Ringan (TKR). X TKR B was selected as an experimental class taught by applying cooperative learning type NHT while X TKR C was taught by the direct learning model. The data obtained was analyzed by t-test. Analysis data results showed that students’ mathematical communication skills using cooperative learning type NHT are higher than students’ mathematical communication skills using the direct learning model.
Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Matematika Berbasis Guided Inquiry dan Learning Trajectory Berorientasi pada Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah
Authors: Kurniawati Viani , Rizkianto Ilham
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran matematika berupa RPP dan LKS menggunakan pendekatan guided inquiry yang mengacu pada learning trajectory dan berorientasi pada kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan dengan model pengembangan ADDIE yang terdiri dari tahap Analysis,Design, Development, Implementation, dan Evaluation. Sampel data sebanyak satu kelas secara acak yaitu siswa kelas VII A SMP Negeri 2 Pleret sejumlah 32 siswa. Berdasarkan penilaian kevalidan, RPP memenuhi kriteria valid dengan skor 4,13, sedangkan LKS memenuhi kriteria sangat valid dengan skor 4,22. Berdasarkan penilaian kepraktisan, perangkat pembelajaran memenuhi kriteria praktis dengan skor angket respon siswa 3,38 dan persentase keterlaksanaan pembelajaran mencapai 97%. Berdasarkan penilaian keefektifan dari tes kemampuan pemecahan masalah, diperoleh nilai rata-rata ketercapaian kemampuan pemecahan masalah 78 dan siswa yang mencapai kemampuan pemecahan masalah minimal pada kategori baik sebesar 84,38%. One sample t-test menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata ketercapaian kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa lebih dari 60, sedangkan uji z menunjukkan bahwa persentase siswa yang mencapai kemampuan pemecahan masalah minimal pada kategori baik lebih dari 70%.
The present research project aims to develop mathematics learning material that includes lesson plans and student worksheets based on a guided inquiry approach and learning trajectory with an orientation on problem-solving skills. The type of the research project was research and development with the ADDIE model, consisting of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The sample of one person was directly conducted, consisting of 32 students of class VII A of Pleret State 2 Junior High School. Based on the result of the validation assessment, the lesson plan is “valid” with a score of 4.13, while the validation assessment of student worksheets is “very valid”, obtaining a score of 4.22. Based on the result of practicality, the learning material is “practical” with a score of 3.38, and the learning implementation percentage is 97%. Based on the effectiveness assessment using a problem-solving skill test, the average score of the class was 78 and 84.38% of students have a minimum problem-solving skill in the “good” category. One sample t-test shows that the average score of the class was higher than 60, while the z-test shows that more than 70% of students have a minimum problem-solving skill in the “good” category.
Korelasi antara Self-Regulated Learning dengan Kemampuan Pemahaman Matematis Mahasiswa
Authors: Ruswana Angra Meta , Zamnah Lala Nailah
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kemampuan pemahaman matematis mahasiswa yang masih belum maksimal dan juga mahasiswa belum bisa mengatur diri dalam belajar terutama ketika menghadapi tugas sehingga berpengaruh terhadap self-regulated learning mahasiswa. Tujuan dari penelitian yang dilakukan adalah untuk menelaah dan mendeskripsikan korelasi antara self-regulated learning dengan kemampuan pemahaman matematis mahasiswa. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika Universitas Galuh pada mahasiswa tingkat I Tahun Akademik 2017/2018. Data hasil penelitian diperoleh dari instrumen tes kemampuan pemahaman matematis dan angket skala self-regulated learning. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis korelasi dengan menggunakan korelasi product moment. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, pengolahan data, analisis data dan pengujian hipotesis diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa terdapat korelasi antara self-regulated learning dengan kemampuan pemahaman matematis mahasiswa.

 
This research was conducted based on the consideration of low mathematical understanding ability and their awareness in accomplishing their assignments. These obstacles influence their self-regulated learning. This study aimed to investigate and to describe the correlation between self-regulated learning with mathematical understanding ability. This study was conducted in the mathematics education program at Galuh University. The population is the first year of students in the academic year 2017/2018. The data was obtained from tests and questionnaires dealing with self-regulated learning. The research design was used in correlation with the Pearson’s product moment analysis. The result showed that there is a positive correlation between self-regulated and mathematical understanding ability.
Penerapan Pembelajaran Matematika Realistik untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis Siswa
Authors: Nasution Dwi Putria , Ahmad Marzuki
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa melalui pembelajaran matematika realistik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tidakan kelas yang meliputi tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas VII-1 SMP Negeri 3 Padangsidimpuan dengan jumlah siswa 26 orang. Objek penelitian adalah kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa yang diberi pembelajaran matematika realistik pada materi bilangan pecahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan pembelajaran matematika realistik memberikan dampak positif terhadap peningkatan kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa yang ditunjukkan dengan peningkatan pada: 1) Nilai rata-rata kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa 79,79 pada siklus I dan 84,71 pada siklus II; 2) Aktivitas aktif siswa dalam pembelajaran dengan pembelajaran matematika realistik dikategorikan efektif yakni memperoleh persentase 80% pada siklus I dan 90% efektif pada siklus dua dengan kriteria keefektifan ≥ 80%; 3) Capaian ketuntasan kalasikal kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa 73,08% pada siklus I dan 88,46% pada siklus II dengan nilai minimal ketuntasan klasikal 85%.
This study aims to improve students' mathematical communication skills through realistic mathematics education. The research method used is classroom action research which includes the stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The research subjects were students of class VII-1 of SMP Negeri 3 Padangsidimpuan with a total of 26 students. The object of research is the mathematical communication skills of students who are given realistic mathematics education on fraction material. The results showed that the application of realistic mathematics education had a positive impact on the improvement of students 'mathematicalcommunication skills as indicated by an increase in 1) The average value of students' mathematical communication skills was 79.79 in cycle I and 84.71 in cycle II; 2) The active activity of students in learning with realistic mathematics learning is categorized as effective, namely obtaining 80% percentage in the first cycle and 90% effective in the second cycle with the effectiveness criteria ≥ 80%; 3) Achievement of Kalasikal completeness of students' mathematical communication skills is 73.08% in cycle I and 88.46% in cycle II with a minimum grade of 85% classical completeness.
Meningkatkan Pemahaman Konsep Matematika tentang Sifat-Sifat Bangun Ruang Sederhana melalui Contextual Teaching and Learning
Authors: Sipayung Asiroha
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemahaman siswa terhadap konsep matematika tentang sifat-sifat bangun ruang melalui penerapan pendekatan Contextual Teaching and Learning. Metode yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dan subjeknya adalah siswa kelas IV yang berjumlah 30 siswa. Hasil penelitian pada siklus I pertemuan 1 nilai rata-rata mencapai 62,00 sedangkan pada siklus I pertemuan 2 nilai rata-rata meningkat menjadi 67,50, siklus II pertemuan 1 76,33 dan siklus II pertemuan 2 82,00. Kesimpulan dari penelitian adalah pembelajaran dengan menerapkan pendekatan CTL dapat meningkatkan pemahaman konsep siswa di kelas IV. Ketuntasan belajar siswa pada siklus I hanya mencapai 13 orang atau 43,33% dan yang belum tuntas belajarnya mencapai 17 orang atau 56,67 %. Namun, pada siklus I pertemuan 2 ketuntasan belajar mencapai 16 orang atau 53,33% dan yang belum tuntas belajarnya 14 orang atau 46,67%. Untuk siklus II pertemuan 1 yang tuntas 22 orang atau 73,33% sedangkan yang belum tuntas 8 orang atau 26,67% dan untuk siklus II pertemuan 2 siswa yang tuntas 26 orang 86,67% dan yang belum tuntas 4 orang atau 13,33%. 
This study aims to determine students' understanding of mathematical concepts about the nature of space building through the application of the Contextual Teaching and Learning approach. The method used is Class Action Research and the subject is 30 fourth-grade students. The results of this research in the first cycle of meeting 1 average score reached 62.00 while in the first cycle ofmeeting 2 average score increased to 67.50, in cycle II meeting 1 76.33, and in cycle II meeting 2 82.00. The study concludes that learning by applying the CTL approach can improve students' conceptual understanding in grade IV. Students' completeness of learning in the first cycle only reached 13 people or 43.33% and the unfinished study reached 17 people or 56.67%. However, in the first cycle, the second meeting of learning completeness reached 16 people or 53.33% and 14 people had not yet completed their study or 46.67%. For cycle II meeting 1 completed 22 people or 73.33% while for the unfinished 8 people or 26.67% and cycle II meeting 2 students completed 26 people 86.67% and the unfinished 4 people or 13.33 %.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Siswa melalui Pendekatan Matematika Realistik pada Bilangan Pecahan
Authors: Budianto
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya proses pembelajaran dan perolehan hasil belajar yang tidak seimbang antara aspek kognitif, afektif dan psikomotor di SD Negeri Cipedak 06 Pagi Kecamatan Jagakarsa Jakarta Selatan. Subjek penelitian dilakukan di kelas V SD dengan jumlah siswa 32. Perbaikan di titik beratkan pada pemilihan model pembelajaran, agar model yang dipilih lebih mengutamakan keterlibatan siswa secara efektif di dalam memahami dan menerapkan konsep yang dipelajarinya, model yang dimaksud adalah model penerapan matematika realistik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. Subjek penelitian ini adalah SD Negeri Cipedak 06 Pagi Kecamatan Jagakarsa Jakarta Selatan; dilaksanakan 2 siklus 4 pertemuan pada semester genap tahun ajaran 2017/2018. Aktivitas di luar jam pelajaran dari siklus I sampai siklus II semakin berkurang dan pembelajaran semakin efektif dan tentunya menyenangkan. Pada siklus I berhasil dengan baik ditandai dengan adanya peningkatan hasil tes dari hasil pre-test meningkat dalam post-test pada tindakan pertama dari 43,75% menjadi 71,88% terjadi peningkatan sebanyak 28,13 % dengan rata-rata sebesar 67,81. Sedangkan dalam tindakan kedua hasil Pre-Test dan Post-Test adalah 68,75% menjadi 75% dengan rata-rata 69,97. Hasil dari Siklus II tindakan pertama dalam pre-test dan post-test adalah dari 75% menjadi 81,75% dengan rata-rata 73,06. Hasil pre-test dan Post-test dari tindakan kedua adalah 84,38% menjadi 93,75% dengan rata-rata 77,94.
This research is motivated by the low learning process and audit of learning outcomes that are not balanced between cognitive, affective and psychomotor in aspects of Cipedak 06 Pagi Public Elementary School, Jagakarsa District, South Jakarta. The subject of the study was conducted in grade V elementary school with the number of students 32. Improvements in the selection of learning models, a model that prioritized students in understanding and applying the concepts they learned, a model that is a model of the application of realistic mathematics. The research method is a Design Activity. The subject of this research is SD Negeri Cipedak 06 Pagi, Jagakarsa District, South Jakarta; which implemented 2 cycles of 4 meetings in the even semester of the 2017/2018 school year. Activities in the Learning cycle from cycle I to cycle II are reduced and effective. In the first cycle it worked well with the results of the pre-test results increased in the post-test on the first action from 43.75% to 71.88% an increase of 28.13% with an average of 67.81. Whereas in the second action, the results of the Pre-Test and Post-Test were 68.75% to 75% with an average of 69.97. The results of Cycle II's first action in the pre-test and post-test were from 75% to 81.75% with an average of 73.06. The results of the pre-test and Post-test from the second action were 84.38% to 93.75% with an average of 77.94.
Pengembangan Soal Matematika Realistik Berdasarkan Kerangka Teori Program for International Students Assesment
Authors: Mangelep Navel Oktaviandy , Kaunang Derel Filandy
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan soal matematika realistik berdasarkan kerangka teori PISA yang valid, praktis, dan efektif. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian pengembangan dengan tipe penelitian formatif yang meliputi tahap preliminary (analisis dan pendesainan) serta tahap prototyping (evaluasi formatif). Teknik pengumpulan data berupa dokumentasi, walk through, tes, observasi, dan wawancara. Sedangkan teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis data deskriptif kualitatif. Kevalidan dipenuhi berdasarkan validasi pakar secara kualitatif dari aspek konten, konstruk, dan bahasa. Kriteria praktis dipenuhi apabila memenuhi dua hal yaitu; (1) para pakar menyatakan bahwa apa yang dikembangakan dapat diterapkan, dan (2) kenyataan menunjukkan bahwa apa yang dikembangkan tersebut dapat diterapkan. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah telah dihasilkan prototipe soal matematika realistik berdasarkan kerangka teori PISA yang valid dan praktis dan efektif. Selain itu, hasil tes menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan literasi matematika siswa kelas IX di SMP Negeri 3 Tondano masih tergolong rendah dengan rata-rata nilai 19,6. 
This study aims to develop a valid, practical, and effective realistic mathematics problem based on the PISA theoretical framework. The method is developmental research with a formative research type which includes the preliminary stage (analysis and design) and the prototyping stage (formative evaluation). Data collection techniques in the form of documentation, walk-throughs, tests, observations, and interviews. The data analysis technique used is qualitative descriptive data analysis. Validity is fulfilled based on qualitative expert validation from aspects of content, constructs, and language. Practical criteria are fulfilled when fulfilling two things, namely; (1) the experts state that what is developed can be applied, and (2) the fact shows that what is developed can be applied. The results obtained are a realistic mathematical problem prototype based on the PISA theoretical framework that is valid, practical, and effective. In addition, the test results show that the mathematics literacy skills of grade IX students at SMP Negeri 3 Tondano are still relatively low with an average score of 19.6.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek dalam Materi Statistika Kelas VIII Sekolah Menengah Pertama
Authors: Maryati Iyam
Published: May 2024

Artikel ini merupakan studi literatur yang betujuan untuk mendeskripsikan Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek yang diterapkan dalam materi statistika pada siswa kelas VIII Sekolah Menengah Pertama. Dalam artikel ini juga menyajikan Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP) sebagai alternatif dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran. Berdasarkan telaah literatur dari penelitian yang relevan diperoleh kemampuan lierasi dan penalaran statistis baik siswa SMP maupun SMA masih dalam kategori rendah. Hal ini terjadi karena sangat dipengaruhi oleh model pembelajaran yang diterapkan. Dalam model pembelajaran berbasis proyek ini guru diberikan kesempatan untuk melakukan pembelajaran yang melibatkan kerja proyek. Hasil akhir dari kerja proyek tersebut dapat berupa laporan dan presestasi. Adapun penilaian tugas proyek diawali dari proses perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan akhir tugas proyek. Oleh karena itu model pembelajaran berbasis proyek dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu alternatif dalam pembelajaran.
This article is a literature study that aims to describe the Project-Based Learning Model that is applied in statistical material for students of grade VIII of junior high school. In this article also presents a Learning Implementation Plan (RPP) as an alternative to the implementation of learning. Based on the review of literature from relevant research, it was found that the ability and statistical statistics of junior and senior high schools were still in the low category. This happens because very much of the text by the learning model is applied. In the learning, project, development, development, and development models. The result of the work can be in the form of reports and presentations. Arrange the work done from the project planning, implementation, and final project. Therefore, project-based learning models can be used as an alternative to learning.
Building Information Modeling Capability in Mitigating Change Orders and Cost Overrun
Authors: Al-Btoush Mohammad , Bassam Aya , Khraisat Saif , Aldiabat Al-Btoosh Ja’far A. , Jasim Nidal Adnan , Taiseer Rawashdeh Taiseer , F. Varouqaa Ibrahim.
Published: May 2024

The Jordanian construction industry faces notable challenges, particularly about variation orders (VOs), contributing to budget overruns and project delays. The Jordan Engineers Association poll in 2020 found that variation orders (VOs) accounted for 23% of cost overruns in construction projects in Jordan. Research undertaken by the Ministry of Public Works and Housing in 2019 found an average of 948 change orders per year, representing 25.5% of the total value of the projects. Our study introduces a highly tailored evaluation method to gauge the effectiveness of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in addressing these challenges. The study assesses the efficacy of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in diminishing variation orders (VOs) by examining sophisticated BIM functionalities. The study employs an intricate case study and diverse construction project data to construct a model that assesses the capacity of BIM to reduce project modifications and enhance cost efficiency. A novel approach has been devised to enhance the optimization of building information modeling (BIM) in the construction industry of Amman, Jordan. The objective of the concept is to minimize variation orders (VOs) and enhance project management. The study employs research approaches, such as semi-structured interviews and questionnaires, to pinpoint the essential abilities contributing to change orders. After comprehensively analyzing BIM's global and Middle Eastern applications, we created the model. The findings indicate that enhancing Building Information Modeling (BIM) capabilities can effectively mitigate the occurrence of variation orders within Jordan's building sector. The approach promotes the cooperation of stakeholders, sets quantifiable benchmarks, and strategically employs BIM for preliminary risk assessment. This research substantially enhances the productivity and cost-effectiveness of construction projects in Jordan, offering vital insights for professionals and policymakers.
Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) for Symmetric Key Transfer
Authors: Asoke Nath  , Shreya Maity  , Soham Banerjee  , Rohit Roy
Published: May 2024

Classical cryptographic systems are increasingly challenged by advances in computing power and new algorithmic techniques, particularly with the rise of quantum computing, which threatens the security of current encryption methods. This has spurred interest in quantum-resistant cryptography, aimed at creating algorithms that can withstand attacks from quantum computers. Traditionally, secure key transport over alternate channels has been a significant challenge, but quantum mechanics offers a solution. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a revolutionary method for secure communication that leverages quantum principles. Unlike traditional methods, QKD provides unconditional security, with key security ensured by the laws of physics rather than computational difficulty. The BB84 protocol, introduced in 1984 by Bennett and Brassard, is a leading QKD scheme known for its simplicity and effectiveness in generating eavesdropping-resistant cryptographic keys. It facilitates secure key transport over alternate channels. This documentation aims to advance QKD security by practically implementing and analyzing the BB84 protocol. Through detailed theoretical analysis, simulation studies, and experimental validation, the practical impacts, and limitations of BB84-based QKD systems are examined. Additionally, a practical implementation of quantum key distribution using a sudoku key demonstrates the process's simplicity and effectiveness. These findings are expected to pave new paths in the field of cryptanalysis in the emerging Quantum Age.
Legacy of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty 1824
Authors: Harefa Jesslyn Elisandra , Akbar Muhammad Rafie , Asto Ari Ghazy Putra , Bin Ibrahim Muhammad Abdul Aziz
Published: May 2024

The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 is a pivotal historical milestone, delineating territorial boundaries and shaping the trajectories of British and Dutch colonial empires in Southeast Asia. Beyond its geopolitical implications, this treaty exerted profound and enduring social effects on the indigenous populations of Indonesia and Malaysia. This article endeavors to elucidate the nuanced social consequences of the treaty, emphasizing its role in molding the fabric of societal life and legal frameworks in these two nations. Through a comprehensive analysis of the treaty's stipulations, subsequent legal evolutions, and their ramifications on local communities, this study aims to unravel the intricate tapestry of influence that emanated from colonial decisions. Specifically, we delve into how the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 was pivotal in shaping the formation and development of social structures and legal systems in Indonesia and Malaysia. By scrutinizing the long-term effects on indigenous societies, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the enduring impact of colonial legacies on the contemporary legal landscape of these nations. This article offers valuable insights into the lasting repercussions of a historical agreement that extended beyond mere territorial delineation. By exploring the intricate interplay between the treaty's provisions and the subsequent socio-legal developments, we gain a nuanced understanding of the enduring ramifications of colonial decisions on the present-day legal frameworks in Indonesia and Malaysia.
Asymptotic Series of the Associated Legendre Function with Respect to Seismic Surface Waves
Authors: Yoshida Mitsuru
Published: May 2024

The asymptotic series of the associated Legendre function is investigated for the angular degrees n=2-13 in the context of the amplitude and wavelength of seismic surface waves. The approximate formula for the associated Legendre function is used to determine the wavelength and phase velocity of free oscillations of the Earth and long-period surface waves. The approximate formula is derived from the first term of the asymptotic series and its error increases with decreasing n. In the present study, the effect of higher terms on the approximate formula is studied with respect to the amplitudes of the 1st term (a1), the 2nd term (a2), and the 3rd term (a3). For the colatitude angle θ of π/3≦θ≦2π/3, the amplitude ratios a2/a1 are approximately 3.5％-1.0％ for n=2-11 and are less than 1.0％ for n ≧ 12, while the amplitude ratios a3/a1 are approximately 0.4％ - 0.03％ for n=2-13. The effect of amplitudes of higher terms on the 1st term increases as the colatitude angle approaches the pole or the antipode. The wavelengths of the 1st term (λ1) , the 2nd term (λ2) , and the 3rd term (λ3) are in the sequence λ1 >λ2 >λ3. The wavelength ratiosλ2 /λ1 and λ3 >λ1 for n=2-13 are 0.71%-0.93% and 0.55%-0.87%, respectively. The relationship of the wavelengths between the different angular degrees may be expressed as λ n k =λn-1k+1, where n and k are respectively the angular degree and the ordinal number of the asymptotic series.
The Interactive Relationship between Guo Moruo’s Poetry Translation and Creation from the Perspective of Intertextuality
Authors: Wenwen Xiao , Yunfei Gu
Published: May 2024

As an important writer in the history of modern Chinese literature, Guo Moruo has many works in both poetry translation and poetry creation. The poems written and translated by Guo within the period of his Goddess (from 1919 to August 1921) are selected to analyze the interaction between his poetry translation and creation from the perspective of intertextuality. There is intertextuality in literary thought: pantheism, spirit of the times, romanticism; intertextuality in themes and images; intertextuality in poetic form: use of foreign words, quotations from foreign poetry and attempts at modern poetry.
Does A Training Program Improves Neonatal Nurses’ Knowledge and Practice Towards Developmental Positioning of Premature Infants?
Authors: Abu humida Babiker Zubaida , Eljaili Mohammed Rawia , Ebrahim Ali, et. al. Sally
Published: May 2024

Premature infants face many challenges in different areas of development especially while staying in the Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs). Developmental care is a strategy used to reduce the annoying effects of these challenges and help premature grow normally; developmental positioning is an essential part of developmental care measures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a training program on level of knowledge and practice among neonatal nurses towards developmental positioning of premature infants. Material and Methods: An interventional research study design was conducted in NICUs including 102 nurses at three hospitals in Khartoum State, Sudan. Data were collected using three tools to collect the required data. The levels of knowledge and practice were evaluated pre-training, immediately after training, and after six months of training. Results: There were statistically significant differences between nurse’s levels of knowledges and practices on developmental positioning for premature infants in all the three phases of evaluation. Conclusion: a training program was an effective method to upgrade neonatal nurses’ levels of knowledge and practice towards development positioning of preterm infants.
Detection and Analysis of Quality Traits of Different Black Rice Varieties in the Southern Henan Rice Region
Authors: Zhang Wan-Ru , Zhao Qiang , He, et. al. Hao-Jia
Published: May 2024

Using 14 black rice varieties imported from Southern Henan as experimental materials, the appearance quality, grinding quality, nutritional quality, cooking and eating quality of grain in Southern Henan were tested and analyzed by means of rice huller, rice mopping machine and near-infrared grain analyzer, combined with biochemical and physical analysis techniques. The results showed that there were abundant variation types in grain length, grain width, length-to-width ratio, brown rice rate, milled rice rate, head rice rate, soluble protein content, starch content, gelatinization temperature, gel consistency and viscosity of black rice. Particularly, grain type, starch content, gelatinization temperature, viscosity and other important quality traits in black rice materials have a large variation range. Therefore, our results provide important clues for developing new high-quality varieties of black rice.
Temperature dependence of pollen germination and tube growth in conifers relates to their distribution along an elevational gradient in Washington State, USA
Authors: Hsu Hsin-Wu , Kim Soo-Hyung
Published: May 2024

•Background and Aims: Pollen germination and tube growth are essential processes for successful fertilization. They are among the most temperature-vulnerable stages and subsequently affect seed production and determine population persistence and species distribution under climate change. Our study aims to investigate intra- and inter-specific variations in the temperature dependence of pollen germination and tube length growth and to explore how these variations differ for pollen from elevational gradients. •Methods: We focused on three conifer species, Pinus contorta, Picea engelmannii, and Pinus ponderosa, with pollen collected from 350 to 2200m elevation in Washington State, USA. We conducted pollen viability tests at temperatures from 5 to 40°C in 5°C intervals. After testing for four days, we took images of these samples under a microscope to monitor pollen germination percentage (GP) and tube length (TL). We applied the Gamma function to describe the temperature dependence of GP and TL and estimated key parameters, including the optimal temperature for GP (Topt_GP) and TL (Topt_TL). •Key Results: Results showed that pollen from three species and different elevations within a species have different GP, TL, Topt_GP, and Topt_TL. The population with a higher Topt_GP would also have a higher Topt_TL, while Topt_TL was generally higher than Topt_GP, i.e., a positive but not one-to-one relationship. However, only Pinus contorta showed that populations from higher elevations have lower Topt_GP and Topt_TL and vice versa. The variability in GP increased at extreme temperatures, whereas the variability in TL was greatest near Topt_TL. •Conclusions: Our study demonstrates the temperature dependences of three conifers across a wide range of temperatures. Pollen germination and tube growth are highly sensitive to temperature conditions and vary among species and elevations, affecting their reproduction success during warming. Our findings can provide valuable insights to advance our understanding of how conifer pollen responds to rising temperatures.
A minimum data standard for wildlife disease studies
Authors: Stevens Tess , Zimmerman Ryan , Albery Greg , Becker Daniel , Kading Rebekah , Keiser Carl , Khandelwal Shashank , Kramer-Schadt Stephanie , Krut-Landau Raphael , McKee Clifton , Montecino-Latorre Diego , O'Donoghue Zoe , Olson Sarah , Poisot Timothée , Robertson Hailey , Ryan Sadie , Seifert Stephanie , Simons David , Vicente-Santos Amanda , Wood Chelsea , Graeden Ellie , Carlson Colin
Published: May 2024

Thousands of scientists and practitioners conduct research on infectious diseases of wildlife. Rapid and comprehensive data sharing is vital to the transparency and actionability of their work, but unfortunately, most efforts designed to publically share these data are focused on pathogen determination and genetic sequence data. Other facets of existing surveillance data – particularly negative results – are often withheld or, at best, summarized in a descriptive table with limited metadata. As a result, very few datasets on wildlife disease dynamics over space and time are publicly available for synthesis research or applied uses in conservation or public health. Here, we propose a minimum data and metadata reporting standard for wildlife disease studies. Our checklist identifies a minimum set of 30 fields required to standardize and document a dataset consisting of records disaggregated to the finest possible spatial, temporal, and taxonomic scale. We illustrate how this standard is applied to an example study, which documented a novel alphacoronavirus found in bats in Belize. Finally, we outline best practices for how data should be formatted for optimal re-use, and how researchers can navigate potential safety concerns around data sharing.
Expressions of Impossibility in Arabic and English: Unveiling Students’ Translation Difficulties
Authors: Al-Jarf Reima
Published: May 2024

Expressions of impossibility refer to events that can never or rarely happen, tasks that are difficult or impossible to perform, people or things that are of no use and things that are impossible to find. This study explores the similarities and differences between English and Arabic expressions of impossibility, and the difficulties that student-translators have with them. A corpus of English and Arabic expressions of impossibility was collected, analyzed and compared. Data analysis showed that English and Arabic expressions of impossibility fall into 4 categories: (i) those that are identical in form and meaning in both languages (to look for a needle in a haystack, when salt blossoms, when heaven falls on earth); (ii) those that are similar in meaning but differ in wording (when pigs fly, on cloud nine, not in a million years); (iii) those used in English, but have no equivalents in Arabic (when hell freezes over, dance on a land mine); and (iv) those used in Arabic but have no equivalents in English (يريه النجوم في عز الظهر to show someone the stars at noon/in daylight). Responses to a translation test showed that student-translators could translate fewer than 35% of the test items correctly and left many blank. Expressions of impossibility that are similar in English and Arabic were easy to translate, whereas opaque ones (ghost of a chance, near the knuckle, dance on a land mine, عين الشمس ما تتغطى بغربال the sun cannot be covered with a sieve; إنك لا تجنى من الشوك العنب you cannot reap grapes from thorns; لما تشوف حلمة ودنك when you see your ear’s lobe; العين ما تقاوم مخرز the eye cannot defy a n awl). English expressions of impossibility were more difficult to translate than Arabic ones as they contained unfamiliar lexical items. Literal translation, explanation/paraphrase, partial translation, and extraneous translation were the most common strategies in that order. Detailed results and recommendations are given.
Pastoralists' Perception and Attitude on Invasion of Dichrostachys cinerea (sickle bush) in the Grazing Lands of Monduli District, Tanzania
Authors:   Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA), Department of Animal, Aquaculture and Range Sciences (DAARS), P .O. Box 3004, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania.  Email: emeliaemguluka@gmail.com, Mguluka Emelia Edwin , Sangeda Anthony Zozimus ,   Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA), Department of Animal, Aquaculture and Range Sciences (DAARS), P .O. Box 3004, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania.  Email: sangeda@sua.ac.tz, Kimera Sharadhuli Iddi ,   Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, P.O. Box 3021, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania  Email: sikimera@sua.ac.tz
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to assess Maasai pastoralists’ perception and attitude towards the spread and impacts of sickle bush (Dichrostachys cinerea) in their grazing lands. The study was conducted in three villages of Monduli district involving 156 randomly sampled households. Thirteen (13) purposively selected key informants (based on their merits) were interviewed and participant observation was also used in data collection. Quantitative data were analyzed by the SPSS software version 20, while qualitative ones were subjected to content analysis. Findings revealed that the current extent of the sickle bush has increased, with over 70% of the respondents proving this. About 82% of respondents revealed that the bush was present in their villages for a long time, although its invading effects have increased. Major reasons for this invasion were reported to include climate change and overgrazing. Furthermore, sickle bush was reported to take over the grazing lands. The bush is perceived as destructive by the Maasai community because it depletes the amount of forage for livestock grazing. It also provides suitable habitats for predators such as lions and enhances conflicts with livestock and humans.
POLITICAL REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN IN THE BANGKA TENGAH DITRICT LEGISLATURE REGENCY FOR THE 2019-2024 PERIOD
Authors: Ferdian Dirga
Published: May 2024

This research discusses the political representation of women in the Central Bangka Regency legislature. The substantial presence of women in the legislature is very important, not just to complete the seats but as an effort to provide access and authority to women to be able to carry their interests. Political representation does not discuss how many representatives are present in a parliament, but looks at how the process of represented interests can be carried by those who represent them. The presence of women as a council is expected to bring the interests of women, through their role in shaping policies in the fulfillment of fair rights for women. The purpose of this research is to find out the political representation of women and also the obstacles faced by women council members in the legislative body of the Regional People's Representative Council of Bangka Tengah Regency for the 2019-2024 period. The theory used in this research is Hanna Fenichel Pitkin's theory of Representation. The research method in this study is using Qualitative research methods with data collection techniques of observation, interviews, and documentation as supporting data. The results of this study are the political representation of women in the Bangka Tengah Regional House of Representatives based on formal representation, there are 4 female councilors, then descriptive representation is characterized by similarities in gender characteristics and interests, and symbolic representation is seen from the similarity between the identities that represent. Meanwhile, in substantive representation based on the legislative function, the BangkaTengah Regional House of Representatives can be said to be good. This is because there are 4 local regulations agreed upon relating to women and children. The budget function of the council's substantive representation runs very well, this is shown by the increase in the budget every year at DP2KBP3A. The supervisory function based on substantive representation can be said to be good, this is because Central Bangka Regency managed to get the Parahita Ekapraya Award. In addition, there are no significant obstacles faced by women councils in the Central Bangka Regional House of Representatives. This is because they have been on the council for a long time and have the experience to deal with all situations.