bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inflation with non-canonical scalar fields revisited
Authors: Lola Smaragda , Lymperis Andreas , Saridakis Emmanuel N.
Published: August 2021

We revisit inflation with non-canonical scalar fields by applying deformed-steepness exponential potentials. We show that the resulting scenario can lead to inflationary observables, and in particular to scalar spectral index and tensor-to-scalar ratio, in remarkable agreement with observations. Additionally, a significant advantage of the scenario is that the required parameter values, such as the non-canonicality exponent and scale, as well as the potential exponent and scale, do not need to acquire unnatural values and hence can accept a theoretical justification. Hence, we obtain a significant improvement with respect to alternative schemes, and we present distinct correlations between the model parameters that better fit the data, which can be tested in future probes. This combination of observational efficiency and theoretical justification makes the scenario at hand a good candidate for the description of inflation.
First-principles study on the elastic, electronic and photocatalytic properties of multiferroic material InFeO3 under strain
Authors: Xu Xiang-Fu , Lai Guo-Xia , Su Kun-Ren , Wang Han-Lu , Hu Su-Mei , Zhu Wei-Ling , Tang Jia-Jun , Ji Hong , Chen Xing-Yuan
Published: August 2021

The elastic and photocatalytic properties of multiferroic material InFeO3 under strain are calculated through density functional theory. The calculated results indicate that the intrinsic InFeO3 and the strained InFeO3 meet the mechanical stability conditions and hold a relatively larger elastic coefficient than popular multiferroic material BiFeO3. The calculated bandgap and band edge of InFeO3 under tensile strain show that InFeO3 could be a high-efficiency photocatalytic hydrogen production material. InFeO3 under tensile strain holds the ability of photocatalytic water splitting to produce hydrogen with excellent ferroelectric, mechanical properties and absorption of visible light.
Influences of the interaction parameters on the dynamic hysteresis of a mixed spin (1/2, 3/2) Ising model under the presence of an oscillating magnetic field
Authors: Gençaslan Mustafa , Keskin Mustafa
Published: August 2021

Within the path probability method, the influences of the interaction parameters on the dynamic hysteresis properties of a mixed spin (1/2, 3/2) Ising model driven by a time-varying magnetic field were investigated. First, we examined the effects of the interaction parameters, namely temperature, angular frequency, the rate constant and the exchange interactions on the dynamic hysteresis loops. Then, we investigated the impacts of the interaction parameters on the dynamic coercive fields and dynamic remanent magnetizations. Some of obtained results are in, qualitatively, good agreement with some theoretically reported studies as well as experimental works in some magnetic materials and the hysteresis loops obtained within the melt spinning method.
Acoustic oscillations in cigar-shaped logarithmic Bose–Einstein condensate in the Thomas–Fermi approximation
Authors: Zloshchastiev Konstantin G.
Published: August 2021

We consider the dynamical properties of density fluctuations in the cigar-shaped Bose–Einstein condensate described by the logarithmic wave equation with a constant nonlinear coupling by using the Thomas–Fermi and linear approximations. It is shown that the propagation of small density fluctuations along the long axis of a condensed lump in a strongly anisotropic trap is essentially one-dimensional, while the trapping potential can be disregarded in the linear regime. Depending on the sign of nonlinear coupling, the fluctuations either take the form of translationally symmetric pulses and standing waves or become oscillations with varying amplitudes. We also study the condensate in an axial harmonic trap, by using elasticity theory’s notions. Linear particle density and energy also behave differently depending on the nonlinear coupling’s value. If it is negative, the density monotonously grows along with lump’s radius, while energy is a monotonous function of density. For the positive coupling, the density is bound from above, whereas energy grows monotonously as a function of density until it reaches its global maximum.
Research on information dissemination on social networks based on edge-based compartmental theory
Authors: Zhang Yue-Xia , Zou Lie
Published: August 2021

The study of the mechanism of information dissemination on social networks has important practical significance for information dissemination prediction. Aiming at the impact of the reinforcement effect derived from nonredundant information memory on information dissemination, this paper proposes a susceptible–exposed–adopted–recovered (SEAR) information dissemination model. This model considers the reinforcement effect of nonredundant information memory characteristics, and is theoretically analyzed based on an edge-based compartmental theory. This model reveals the law of individual information transmission in real society and better explains the process of information transmission. The simulation results show that the reinforcement effect of nonredundant information memory has a significant impact on information dissemination. The stronger the reinforcement effect, the greater the final behavior adoption size, that is, the wider the scope of information dissemination. The theoretical prediction is basically consistent with the simulation results, which shows that the method of edge-based compartmental theory has a specific validity. In addition, changing the individual’s “on” threshold, the individual’s stability threshold, the proportion of individuals in the initial adopted state, and the heterogeneity of degree distribution can make the final behavior adoption size increase linearly or vertically with the probability of information transmission.
Spherical space in the Newtonian limit: The cosmological constant
Authors: Isidro J. M. , Fernández de Córdoba P. , Castro-Palacio J. C.
Published: August 2021

We compute the cosmological constant of a spherical space in the limit of weak gravity. To this end, we use a duality developed by the present authors in a previous work. This duality allows one to treat the Newtonian cosmological fluid as the probability fluid of a single particle in nonrelativistic quantum mechanics. We apply this duality to the case when the spacetime manifold on which this quantum mechanics is defined is given by [Formula: see text]. Here, [Formula: see text] stands for the time axis and [Formula: see text] is a 3-dimensional sphere endowed with the standard round metric. A quantum operator [Formula: see text] satisfying all the requirements of a cosmological constant is identified, and the matrix representing [Formula: see text] within the Hilbert space [Formula: see text] of quantum states is obtained. Numerical values for the expectation value of the operator [Formula: see text] in certain quantum states are obtained, which are in good agreement with the experimentally measured cosmological constant.
Cosmological constant effect on charged and rotating black hole shadows
Authors: Belhaj A. , Benali M. , El Balali A. , El Hadri W. , El Moumni H.
Published: August 2021

Motivated by recent astrophysical observations, we investigate the shadow behaviors of four-dimensional charged rotating black holes with a cosmological constant. This study is made in terms of a reduced moduli space parameterized by the charge and the rotation parameters. For fixed observers, we analyse in some details the shadow behaviors and the corresponding naked singularities of Kerr–Newman and Kerr–Sen four-dimensional black holes in Anti-de Sitter backgrounds. Then, a comparative discussion is provided by computing the geometrical observables and the energy emission rate.
Tailoring Local Hysteresis in Small Clusters of Dipolar Interacting Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Anand Manish
Published: August 2021

Using first-principle calculations and kinetic Monte Carlo simulation, we study the local and averaged hysteresis in tiny clusters of [Formula: see text] magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) or [Formula: see text]-mers. We also analyze the variation of local dipolar field acting on the constituent nanoparticles as a function of the external magnetic field. The dipolar interaction is found to promote chain-like arrangement in such a cluster. Irrespective of cluster size, the local hysteresis response depends strongly on the corresponding dipolar field acting on a nanoparticle. In a small [Formula: see text]-mer, there is a wide variation in local hysteresis as a function of nanoparticle position. On the other hand, the local hysteresis is more uniform for larger [Formula: see text]-mer, except for MNPs at the boundary. In the case of superparamagnetic nanoparticle and weak dipolar interaction, the local hysteresis loop area [Formula: see text] is minimal and depends weakly on the [Formula: see text]-mer size. While for ferromagnetic counterpart, [Formula: see text] is considerably large even for weakly interacting MNPs. The value of [Formula: see text] is found to be directly proportional to the dipolar field acting on the nanoparticle. The dipolar interaction and [Formula: see text]-mer size also enhance the coercivity and remanence. There is always an increase in [Formula: see text] with cluster size and dipolar interaction strength. Similarly, the averaged hysteresis loop area [Formula: see text] also depends strongly on the [Formula: see text]-mer size, particle size and dipolar interaction strength. [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] always increase with [Formula: see text]-mer size and dipolar interaction strength. Interestingly, the value of [Formula: see text] saturates for [Formula: see text] and considerable dipolar interaction irrespective of particle size. We believe that this work would help understand the intricate role of dipolar interaction on hysteresis and the organizational structure of MNPs and their usage in drug delivery and hyperthermia applications.
Why Are Species’ Traits Weak Predictors of Range Shifts?
Authors: Beissinger Steven R. , Riddell Eric A.
Published: August 2021

We examine the evidence linking species’ traits to contemporary range shifts and find they are poor predictors of range shifts that have occurred over decades to a century. We then discuss reasons for the poor performance of traits for describing interspecific variation in range shifts from two perspectives: ( a) factors associated with species’ traits that degrade range-shift signals stemming from the measures used for species’ traits, traits that are typically not analyzed, and the influence of phylogeny on range-shift potential and ( b) issues in quantifying range shifts and relating them to species’ traits due to imperfect detection of species, differences in the responses of altitudinal and latitudinal ranges, and emphasis on testing linear relationships between traits and range shifts instead of nonlinear responses. Improving trait-based approaches requires a recognition that traits within individuals interact in unexpected ways and that different combinations of traits may be functionally equivalent.
The Ecological Importance of Allelopathy
Authors: Hierro José L. , Callaway Ragan M.
Published: August 2021

Allelopathy (i.e., chemical interaction among species) was originally conceived as inclusive of positive and negative effects of plants on other plants, and we adopt this view. Most studies of allelopathy have been phenomenological, but we focus on studies that have explored the ecological significance of this interaction. The literature suggests that studies of allelopathy have been particularly important for three foci in ecology: species distribution, conditionality of interactions, and maintenance of species diversity. There is evidence that allelopathy influences local distributions of plant species around the world. Allelopathic conditionality appears to arise through coevolution, and this is a mechanism for plant invasions. Finally, allelopathy promotes species coexistence via intransitive competition, modifications of direct interactions, and (co)evolution. Recent advances additionally suggest that coexistence might be favored through biochemical recognition. The preponderance of phenomenological studies notwithstanding, allelopathy has broad ecological consequences.
Some
δ
-Tempered Fractional Hermite–Hadamard Inequalities Involving Harmonically Convex Functions and Applications
Authors: Akhtar Nousheen , Awan Muhammad Uzair
Published: August 2021

The main objective of this paper is to obtain some new

δ

-tempered fractional versions of Hermite–Hadamard’s inequality using the class of harmonic convex functions. In order to show the significance of the main results, we also discuss some interesting applications.
Radiomics Analysis Based on Automatic Image Segmentation of DCE-MRI for Predicting Triple-Negative and Nontriple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Ma Mingming , Gan Liangyu , Jiang Yuan , Qin Naishan , Li Changxin , Zhang Yaofeng , Wang Xiaoying
Published: August 2021

Purpose. To investigate whether quantitative radiomics features extracted from dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) could be used to differentiate triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and nontriple-negative breast cancer (non-TNBC). Materials and Methods. This retrospective study included DCE-MRI images of 81 breast cancer patients (44 TNBC and 37 non-TNBC) from August 2018 to October 2019. The MR scans were achieved at a 1.5 T MR scanner. For each patient, the largest tumor mass was selected to analyze. Three-dimensional (3D) images of the regions of interest (ROIs) were automatically segmented on the third DCE phase by a deep learning segmentation model; then, the ROIs were checked and revised by 2 radiologists. DCE-MRI radiomics features were extracted from the 3D tumor volume. The patients were randomly divided into training (

N
=
57

) and test (

N
=
24

) cohorts. The machine learning classifier was built in the training dataset, and 5-fold cross-validation was performed on the training cohort to train and validate. The data of the test cohort were used to investigate the predictive power of the radiomics model in predicting TNBC and non-TNBC. The performance of the model was evaluated by the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Results. The radiomics model based on 15 features got the best performance. The AUC achieved 0.741 for the cross-validation, and 0.867 for the independent testing cohort. Conclusion. The radiomics model based on automatic image segmentation of DCE-MRI can be used to distinguish TNBC and non-TNBC.
Semantic Recognition and Location of Cracks by Fusing Cracks Segmentation and Deep Learning
Authors: An Qing , Chen Xijiang , Du Xiaoyan , Yang Jiewen , Wu Shusen , Ban Ya
Published: August 2021

For a long time, cracks can appear on the surface of concrete, resulting in a number of safety problems. Traditional manual detection methods not only cost money and time but also cannot guarantee high accuracy. Therefore, a recognition method based on the combination of convolutional neural network and cluster segmentation is proposed. The proposed method realizes the accurate identification of concrete surface crack image under complex background and improves the efficiency of concrete surface crack identification. The research results show that the proposed method not only classifies crack and noncrack efficiently but also identifies cracks in complex backgrounds. The proposed method has high accuracy in crack recognition, which is at least 97.3% and even up to 98.6%.
Research on the Evolution Characteristics of Rock Mass Response from Open‐Pit to Underground Mining
Authors: Geng Jiabo , Li Qihang , Li Xiaoshuang , Zhou Tao , Liu Zhifang , Xie Yulin
Published: August 2021

This study is based on the engineering background of pit no. 2 in Jinning Phosphate Mine, China. In order to systematically analyze the movement, deformation, and failure laws of surrounding rocks in underground stopes. The room and pillar method is used to excavate and stop the ore bodies in the mining area. Combined with the similar physical model experiments and discrete element MatDEM numerical simulations, it reveals the deformation and failure laws and evolution characteristics of the surrounding rock of the stope in the process of converting from open‐pit to underground mining. The results show the following: (1) Along the inclination of the ore body, the farther the horizontal and vertical displacements are from the underground stope, the less the impact of mining stress. On the other hand, along the inclined vertical direction of the ore body, the farther the measuring point is from the stope, the smaller the range of mining influence will be. (2) In the process of ore body recovery, the rupture of the overlying strata of the stope has an obvious layered structure, with collapse zones, fissure penetrating zones, and microfracture loosen zones appearing from the bottom to top. In addition, the movement and destruction of the overlying strata of the entire stope is an “elliptical arch.” Therefore, the results of similar simulation experiments and numerical simulation are basically consistent.
Homeomorphism and Quotient Mappings in Infrasoft Topological Spaces
Authors: M. Al-shami Tareq
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we contribute to infrasoft topology which is one of the recent generalizations of soft topology. Firstly, we redefine the concept of soft mappings to be convenient for studying the topological concepts and notions in different soft structures. Then, we introduce the concepts of open, closed, and homeomorphism mappings in the content of infrasoft topology. We establish main properties and investigate the transmission of these concepts between infrasoft topology and its parametric infratopologies. Finally, we define a quotient infrasoft topology and infrasoft quotient mappings and study their main properties with the aid of illustrative examples.
Cytomegalovirus Pulmonary Involvement in an Immunocompetent Adult
Authors: Luís Helena , Barros Carolina , Gomes Mariana , Andrade José Luís , Faria Nancy
Published: August 2021

Introduction. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a linear double-stranded DNA virus that may cause severe and potentially fatal infection in immunocompromised hosts. In immunocompetent individuals, the infection is typically mild or asymptomatic. However, in the last years, some cases of severe cytomegalovirus infection in immunocompetent individuals have been described. Clinical Presentation. The authors present a male patient aged 42 years, without specific medical history, who presented a 15-day history of fever, headache, night sweats, odynophagia, and bilateral otalgia, without improvement after four days of therapy with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Blood count and biochemistry were performed with liver cytolysis pattern. Chest teleradiography showed diffuse interstitial infiltrate. Thoracic CT scan revealed areas in a ground glass with a cross-linking component in the left and right upper lung lobes compatible with an inflammatory/infectious process. Blood serology was positive for CMV IgG and IgM. The detection on blood and bronchoalveolar lavage of CMV DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was also positive. Ganciclovir was started based on the clinical features and the result of CMV serology. After 48 hours, there was a significant clinical improvement, with remission of fever, and he was discharged on the 13th day of hospitalization with oral valganciclovir, completing a 21-day antiviral course at home. Conclusion. With this clinical case, the authors highlight the importance of considering CMV infection in evaluating patients with pneumonia, even in immunocompetent ones, particularly in those with no clinical improvement with antibiotics instituted for bacterial pneumonia, and when other causes have been ruled out.
Analysis of Surrounding Rock Creep Effect on the Long‐Term Stability of Tunnel Secondary Lining
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqian , Wei Chengmin , Zhang Heng
Published: August 2021

The secondary lining failure of deep buried soft rock tunnel often occurs, which is obviously related to the time factor. The formation mechanism of this phenomenon is studied in this paper. Therefore, the combination of in situ stress measurement and neural network inversion is used to analyze the distribution characteristics of in situ stress. At the same time, the creep characteristics of surrounding rock are tested in laboratory, and the key parameters are obtained. Combined with the characteristics of surrounding rock, the calculation model is established by using discrete element simulation technology and considering the joints of surrounding rock. According to the above multiple information, the stress characteristics of the secondary lining in different time periods are analyzed creatively. Finally, the method of setting arch and adding anchor bolt in key parts is proposed, and significant effect results are obtained.
A Patient Infected with SARS-CoV-2 Presenting with Complete Heart Block
Authors: Gyawali Bindu , Baral Bikash , Shah Sangam , Yadav Sutap , Poudel Chandra Mani
Published: August 2021

Complete heart block is a rare presentation in a patient with COVID-19 infection that may result when the virus enters the myocardial cell by the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptor. Here, we report a case of forty-nine-year male with COVID-19 with complete heart block (CHB).
[Retracted] Research Progress of Deep Learning in the Diagnosis and Prevention of Stroke
Authors: Zhang Siqi , Zhang Miao , Ma Shuai , Wang Qingyong , Qu Youyang , Sun Zhongren , Yang Tiansong
Published: August 2021

In order to evaluate the importance of deep learning techniques in stroke diseases, this paper systematically reviews the relevant literature. Deep learning techniques have a significant impact on the diagnosis, treatment, and prediction of stroke. In addition, this study also discusses the current bottlenecks and the future development prospects of deep learning technology.
Prototype Test and Numerical Analysis of a Shallow Cable with Novel Viscous Inertial Damper
Authors: Liu Jing , Liang Dong , Yang Liu , Wang Lida , Zhang Xiaowei
Published: August 2021

As an essential component of offshore bridges, stay cables are prone to vibrations due to their low inherent damping characteristics. Various dampers have been used for cable vibration control; however, the experimental research and theoretical study of inertial dampers on real cables have not been conducted sufficiently. This study aims to investigate the damping performance of a novel viscous inertial damper (VID) and focuses on the frequency‐dependent and displacement amplification phenomena of a cable‐damper system. Tests were first conducted to verify the energy consumption capacity of a prototype damper. A shallow cable‐VID system was established. Theoretically, complex‐valued modes were analyzed to determine the influence of the inertial and viscous coefficients on the cable’s frequency and mode damping ratio. The test results and numerical analysis show that the VID has a good damping effect on the shallow cable. Considering multiple adjacent cable modes, the inertial and viscous coefficients can be optimized. After optimizing, the VID can simultaneously maximize both adjacent symmetric and antisymmetric modes’ damping ratios. The two frequencies are almost the same. The displacement amplification of the VID shows that a VID can overcome the shortcomings of displacement loss caused by traditional oil dampers. The implications of these findings of the VID on shallow cable are discussed, which will guide future research and applications of the VID or other inerter dampers.
Prediction of the Loss of Feed Water Fault Signatures Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Mwaura Anselim M. , Liu Yong-Kuo
Published: August 2021

Fault diagnosis occurrence and its precise prediction in nuclear power plants are extremely important in avoiding disastrous consequences. The inherent limitations of the current fault diagnosis methods make machine learning techniques and their hybrid methodologies possible solutions to remedy this challenge. This study sought to develop, examine, compare, and contrast three robust machine learning methodologies of adaptive neurofuzzy inference system, long short-term memory, and radial basis function network by modeling the loss of feed water event using RELAP5. The performance indices of residual plots, mean absolute percentage error, root mean squared error, and coefficient of determination were used to determine the most suitable algorithms for accurately diagnosing the loss of feed water transient signatures. The study found out that the adaptive neurofuzzy inference system model outperformed the other schemes when predicting the temperature of the steam generator tubes, the radial basis function network scheme was best suited in forecasting the mass flow rate at the core inlet, while the long short-term memory algorithm was best suited for the estimation of the severities of the loss of the feed water fault.
The Effect of Educational Intervention on Improvement of Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Maleki Azam , Faghihzadeh Elham , Youseflu Samaneh
Published: August 2021

Background. Self-efficacy is an important psychological and motivational factor in breastfeeding, and it is a valuable framework that predicts breastfeeding outcomes and demonstrates maternal confidence in breastfeeding. The meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of educational interventions on improving breastfeeding self-efficacy (BSE). Methods. The English and Persian databases including Medline, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, Sid, IRANDOC, and Marg-Iran were systematically searched for studies published from January 2005 to December 2020. The quality of studies was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and the heterogeneity by I2 statistic. The extracted data were analyzed using RevMan 5 statistical software and presented using random effects standardized mean difference (SMD). The funnel plot was used for evaluating publication bias. Results. Results from 40 RCTs showed that educational intervention had a positive effect on the BSE compared with the usual/standard care (pooled SMD = 1.20; 95% CI = 0.75–1.64,

p

value <0.001). The subgroup analysis indicated that the educational intervention was based on theory, group class format, direct method education, during the first week of postpartum, doing during pregnancy, on primiparous women, and health center setting, and the Asian region has a more effect on BSE than the others. Conclusion. Breastfeeding education is considered an influential factor in the improvement of BSE. It is recommended that breastfeeding education should be continued for several weeks after childbirth for gaining its benefit. The Asian region has a more effect on BSE than the others. Therefore, it is important to add the values in content of education in each country.
Effects of Bariatric Surgeries on Fetuin-A, Selenoprotein P, Angiopoietin-Like Protein 6, and Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Concentration
Authors: Poloczek Jakub , Kazura Wojciech , Kwaśnicka Ewa , Gumprecht Janusz , Jochem Jerzy , Stygar Dominika
Published: August 2021

Obesity is a civilization disease representing a global health problem. Excessive body weight significantly reduces the quality of life. It is also associated with the leading causes of death, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and numerous types of cancer. The mainstay of therapy is a dietary treatment. However, in morbidly obese patients, dietary treatment is often insufficient. In these patients, the most effective procedure is bariatric surgery, but it is still difficult to predict its outcome and metabolic changes. Hepatokines are proteins secreted by hepatocytes. Many of them, including fetuin-A, selenoprotein P, angiopoietin-like protein 6, and fibroblast growth factor 21, have been linked to metabolic dysfunctions. In this context, hepatokines may prove helpful. This review investigates the possible changes in hepatokine profiles after selected bariatric surgery protocols. In this regard, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is the most studied type of surgery. The overall analysis of published research identified fetuin-A as a potential marker of metabolic alternations in patients after bariatric surgery.
Rheological Properties of Argillaceous Intercalation under the Combination of Static and Intermittent Dynamic Shear Loads
Authors: Zhang Xin , Dong Qian , Zhang Xiangping , Lang Ming , Zhao Suzhi , Chen Zhuoang , Sun Jinshan
Published: August 2021

The construction and long‐term operation stage of the rock slope with argillaceous interlayer will be subjected to intermittent dynamic loads, such as blasting and earthquake. For the argillaceous interlayer in the rock slope, its rheological properties are not only related to the initial stress state caused by the gravity of the overlying rock mass but also affected by intermittent dynamic loads. In order to investigate the rheological properties of argillaceous intercalation under the combination of static and intermittent dynamic shear loads, the rheological tests of argillic intercalated soil samples under static shear, static and cyclic dynamic shear, and static and intermittent dynamic shear were carried out, and the rheological deformation characteristics of soil samples under different shear conditions were analyzed. The results show that when the soil specimens in the static shear rheological process are disturbed by intermittent dynamic shearing load, the intermittent dynamic disturbances might have no remarkable influence on the rheological deformation of the specimens if the initial static shearing stress and intermittent dynamic shearing stress were comparatively low. However, low‐intensity intermittent dynamic disturbances might accelerate the rheological deformation process of the specimens remarkably if the initial static shearing stress state was close to their shearing strength. There was a stress threshold when the soil specimens failed under the static and cycling dynamic shear and static and intermittent dynamic shear, which is determined by the sum of static shear stress and dynamic shear stress peak. For rock slopes controlled by rheological weak structural planes and influenced by long‐term blasting vibrations, the transient and long‐term dynamic stability should be comprehensively analyzed.
Enhancement of Black Tea Aroma by Adding the β-Glucosidase Enzyme during Fermentation on Black Tea Processing
Authors: Supriyadi Supriyadi , Nareswari Alfrista Ruri , Fitriani Aprilia , Gunadi Rachmad
Published: August 2021

Black tea aroma is one of the essential attributes in determining the quality of black tea. β-Glucosidases were investigated for their ability to enhance the aroma of black tea by hydrolyzing the glycoside compound. The addition of β-glucosidase was done by dissolving the enzyme on a sodium citrate buffer (pH 5.0), which was then sprayed on tea leaves during black tea processing. The β-glucosidase treatment significantly increases the volatile compound from glycoside precursors such as linalool, geraniol, and methyl salicylate. Moreover, the volatile compound from carotenoid and lipid precursors (nerolidol and β-cyclocitral) was also increased with β-glucosidase treatment.
A Hybrid Crack Detection Approach for Scanning Electron Microscope Image Using Deep Learning Method
Authors: Zhao Lun , Pan Yunlong , Wang Sen , Zhang Liang , Islam Md Shafiqul
Published: August 2021

The scanning electron microscope (SEM) is widely used in the analysis and research of materials, including fracture analysis, microstructure morphology, and nanomaterial analysis. With the rapid development of materials science and computer vision technology, the level of detection technology is constantly improving. In this paper, the deep learning method is used to intelligently identify microcracks in the microscopic morphology of SEM image. A deep learning model based on image level is selected to reduce the interference of other complex microscopic topography, and a detection method with dense continuous bounding boxes suitable for SEM images is proposed. The dense and continuous bounding boxes were used to obtain the local features of the cracks and rotating the bounding boxes to reduce the feature differences between the bounding boxes. Finally, the bounding boxes with filled regression were used to highlight the microcrack detection effect. The results show that the detection accuracy of our approach reached 71.12%, and the highest mIOU reached 64.13%. Also, microcracks in different magnifications and in different backgrounds were detected successfully.
Use of Network Pharmacology to Investigate the Mechanism of the Compound Xuanju Capsule in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Wei Wenyang , Lu Wanpeng , Chen Xiaolong , Yang Yunfeng , Zheng Mengkai
Published: August 2021

Objective. To clarify the therapeutic mechanisms of compound Xuanju capsule‐treated rheumatoid arthritis (RA) based on network pharmacology tactics. Method. The TCMSP, TCMID and STITCH databases were used to screen the active ingredients and targets in the compound Xuanju capsule; the OMIM, TTD, PharmGKB and GeneCards databases were applied to screen the RA‐related disease targets. Then, the obtained targets were imported into Cytoscape 3.7.1 software to construct the active ingredient‐target network and the RA‐related disease‐target network. The active ingredient‐target PPI network, the RA‐related disease‐target PPI network and the common target PPI network were built by using the STRING platform and Cytoscape 3.7.1 software. The GO and KEGG analyses of the common targets were analyzed by using the Metascape and Bioinformatics online tools. Results. A total of 51 active ingredients and 513 corresponding ingredient targets were harvested from the compound Xuanju capsule; 641 RA‐related disease targets were obtained. After two PPI networks were constructed and merged, 116 RA‐related targets of compound Xuanju capsules were identified and analyzed. 116 RA‐related targets of compound Xuanju capsules are mainly involved in the biological processes and molecular functions, such as the cytokine‐mediated signaling pathways, the response to lipopolysaccharide and the blood vascular development, the cytokine activity, the cytokine receptor binding and the receptor regulator activity. Furthermore, 116 RA‐related targets of compound Xuanju capsules are concentrated in signaling pathways such as the IL‐17, TNF, Th17 cell differentiation, Toll receptor and RA signaling pathway. Conclusion. The compound Xuanju capsule had the action characteristics of multiple components, multiple targets, and multiple pathways in the treatment of RA, which might primarily reduce the release of proinflammatory factors (such as IL‐6 and TNF‐α) and increase the production of anti‐inflammatory factors (such as IL‐10) by regulating inflammation‐related signaling pathways (such as IL‐17), thereby alleviating the inflammatory damage and improving the bone tissue repair.
Secure and Efficient Image Transmission Scheme for Smart Cities Using Sparse Signal Transformation and Parallel Compressive Sensing
Authors: Wang Hui , Wu Yong , Xie Huantian
Published: August 2021

With the evolution of smart cities, images are used in a wide range of services such as smart healthcare and surveillance. How to ensure that images are transmitted and shared securely is of paramount importance for smart cities. To this end, a secure and efficient scheme for image transmission is proposed in this paper, which uses sparse signal transformation (SST) and parallel compressive sensing (CS). The primary employed techniques are sparse signal transformation (SST), parallel CS, and diffusion-permutation operation. The compression performance is achieved by parallel CS, whereas the encryption performance is derived from SST, parallel CS, and diffusion-permutation procedure. SST is exploited to change energy information before CS sampling and incorporated into diffusion-permutation framework, which not only balances the security and the efficiency of the algorithm, but also improves the transmission efficiency of the cipher image. We introduce chaotic system to generate the measurement matrix, SST matrix, and diffusion matrix to improve security. Furthermore, numerical simulation results and theoretical analyses confirm the security performances and effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Performance-Based Executive Function Instruments Used by Occupational Therapists for Children: A Systematic Review of Measurement Properties
Authors: Gomez Ivan Neil B. , Palomo Sharleen Alyssa M. , Vicuña Ana Melissa U. , Bustamante Jose Antonio D. , Eborde Jillian Marie E. , Regala Krishna A. , Ruiz Gwyn Marie M. , Sanchez Andrea Lorraine G.
Published: August 2021

Introduction. The use of executive function (EF) instruments to assess children’s functional performance is obscured with a lack of consensus on which is most suitable to use within the occupational therapy profession. This review identifies EF instruments used by occupational therapists (OTs) for children and evaluates their measurement properties. Methods. This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020172107). We reviewed occupational therapy-related studies published until March 2021, to identify performance-based EF instruments used among children by OTs. Two review authors independently screened, extracted, and evaluated the methodological rigor of the included studies. Adequacy of the measurement properties was determined using the COSMIN, and the Terwee criteria were used for synthesis of best evidence. Results. Five EF assessments were found across eight study articles: Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome for Children, Children’s Cooking Task, Children’s Kitchen Task Assessment, Do-Eat, and Preschool Executive Task Assessment. Adequacy of measurement properties and synthesis of best evidence varied, leading to a low GRADE rating on the certainty of evidence for the included instruments. Conclusions. There is limited evidence that supports the certainty of evidence on the measurement properties of the reviewed tools in helping OTs assess performance-based EF among children. Nevertheless, the authors conditionally suggest their use based on the critical need to measure children’s EF. Further research is needed to establish the measurement properties of these measures across different childhood populations.
Information Dissemination Control Algorithm of Ecological Changes in the New Media Communication Environment
Authors: Huang Juanjuan
Published: August 2021

Information dissemination has been a crucial social process, especially in modern information-centric societies; it has become one of the most critical ones. Social networks create a route for information dissemination with the use of social influence mechanisms. In order to improve the effectiveness of information dissemination control and influence the maximization of ecological change in the modern media communication environment, this paper combines the current network information dissemination methods and analyzes the community network model and the network dissemination states for spreading information. We propose an improved algorithm for information dissemination control of ecological changes in the new media dissemination environment. The fuzzy control algorithm is employed as the core algorithm to improve and optimize the information dissemination network model. Furthermore, the mobile-assisted patch distribution mechanism is used to repair all the infected nodes in the network, and the information interaction form is analyzed to develop the corresponding system model structure and build the information traceability process. The simulation results verify the feasibility of using the proposed algorithm to control effectively the information dissemination in the ecological changes of the new media environment. The proposed algorithm can meet the ecological information control needs of new media dissemination.
Effect of LAMA4 on Prognosis and Its Correlation with Immune Infiltration in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Wang Mingming , Li Changzheng , Liu Ying , Wang Zuomin
Published: August 2021

Background. Laminin alpha 4 (LAMA4) is widely distributed in the basement membranes of various tissues. It can regulate cancer cell proliferation and migration. We investigated the effects of LAMA4 in gastric cancer (GC). Methods. LAMA4 expression patterns were analyzed in GC using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), and UALCAN. Correlations between LAMA4 expression and clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The survival analysis was examined using the Kaplan‐Meier plotter and GEPIA and ascertained by multivariate Cox analysis. Genetic alterations and DNA methylation of LAMA4 were analyzed using cBioPortal and MethSurv. LinkedOmics was applied to identify coexpressed genes of LAMA4. The association between LAMA4 and infiltration of immune cells was explored using Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) and GEPIA. Results. LAMA4 was highly expressed in GC, and its upregulation significantly correlated with T classification (P = 0.040). LAMA4 expression was an independent risk factor for overall survival (OS, P = 0.033). Patients with genetic alterations of LAMA4 showed a significantly better disease‐free survival (DFS, P = 0.022). Ten CpG sites of LAMA4 were significantly associated with prognosis in GC. The functions of LAMA4 and coexpression genes were mainly involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) receptor interaction. LAMA4 expression significantly correlated with infiltration of macrophages (P < 0.001), CD4+ T cells (P < 0.001), and dendritic cells (P < 0.001). Furthermore, LAMA4 expression was significantly associated with markers of M2 and tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs). Conclusion. LAMA4 expression was linked to GC prognosis and immune cell infiltration, indicating its potential use as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target.
Behavior of Elastic Therapeutic Tapes under Dynamic and Static Conditions
Authors: Ejegu Hermela , Kumar Bipin , Gupta Priyanka
Published: August 2021

The aim of this paper is to determine the relaxation behavior of the therapeutic tape under different thermomechanical conditions over different time spans and to analyze the physical and mechanical properties of selected kinesiology tapes. The relaxation test was conducted under a static condition with two extended levels (25% and 50%) for one hour and a dynamic condition for 300 cycles with different loading‐unloading values, strain rates, and temperatures. For both static and dynamic conditions, at a lower strain rate and higher load and temperature, the therapeutic tapes showed higher loss of internal stress and faster losses of efficiency. Under all selected conditions, the tape’s stress has decreased rapidly.
On Constant Metric Dimension of Some Generalized Convex Polytopes
Authors: Zuo Xuewu , Ali Abid , Ali Gohar , Siddiqui Muhammad Kamran , Rahim Muhammad Tariq , Asare-Tuah Anton
Published: August 2021

Metric dimension is the extraction of the affine dimension (obtained from Euclidean space

E

d

) to the arbitrary metric space. A family

ℱ
=

G

n

of connected graphs with

n
≥
3

is a family of constant metric dimension if

dim

G

=
k

(some constant) for all graphs in the family. Family

ℱ

has bounded metric dimension if

dim

G

n

≤
M

, for all graphs in

ℱ

. Metric dimension is used to locate the position in the Global Positioning System (GPS), optimization, network theory, and image processing. It is also used for the location of hospitals and other places in big cities to trace these places. In this paper, we analyzed the features and metric dimension of generalized convex polytopes and showed that this family belongs to the family of bounded metric dimension.
[Retracted] Cascading Failure Dynamics against Intentional Attack for Interdependent Industrial Internet of Things
Authors: Peng Hao , Qian Zhen , Kan Zhe , Zhao Dandan , Yu Juan , Han Jianmin
Published: August 2021

The emerging Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) provides industries with an opportunity to collect, aggregate, and analyze data from sensors, including motion control, machine‐to‐machine communication, predictive maintenance, smart energy grid, big data analysis, and other smart connected medical systems. The physical systems and the cyber systems are organically integrated, forming an interdependent IIoT. This system provides us with enormous advantages, but at the same time, it also introduces the main safety challenges in the design and operation phase. To exploit the security threats of IIoT systems, in this paper, we propose a novel security‐by‐design approach for interdependent IIoT environments across two different levels, namely, theory modeling and runtime simulation. Our method theoretically analyzes the cascading failure dynamics of the intentional attack network. Simultaneously, we verified the theoretical results through simulations and gave the risk factors that affect the system’s security to mitigate potential security attack threats. Besides, we prove its applicability through comparative simulation experiments to study application environments that rely on IIoT, which shows that our method helps identify risk factors and mitigate IIoT attacks’ mechanism.
The Polynomial Solutions of Quadratic Diophantine Equation

X

2

−
p

t

Y

2

+
2
K

t

X
+
2
p

t

L

t

Y
= 0
Authors: Sankari Hasan , Abdo Ahmad
Published: August 2021

In this study, we consider the number of polynomial solutions of the Pell equation

x

2

−
p

t

y

2

=
2

is formulated for a nonsquare polynomial

p

t

using the polynomial solutions of the Pell equation

x

2

−
p

t

y

2

=
1

. Moreover, a recurrence relation on the polynomial solutions of the Pell equation

x

2

−
p

t

y

2

=
2

. Then, we consider the number of polynomial solutions of Diophantine equation

E
:
 

X

2

−
p

t

Y

2

+
2
K

t

X
+
2
p

t

L

t

Y
=
0

. We also obtain some formulas and recurrence relations on the polynomial solution

X

n

,

Y

n

of

E

.
Does Timing of Antenatal Care Initiation and the Contents of Care Have Effect on Caesarean Delivery in Ethiopia? Findings from Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Gedefaw Getnet , Waltengus Fikadu , Demis Asmamaw
Published: August 2021

Background. Antenatal care (ANC) is an important preventive set of core healthcare services through pregnancy. Caesarean deliveries are significantly increasing in many low-, middle-, and high-income countries. However, overuse of the caesarean section service interferes with the quality and cost of the procedure. Hence, this study aimed to assess the effect of timing of first antenatal care initiation and the contents of care on caesarean delivery. Methods. A population level cross-sectional study was conducted with a total of 4757 study participants. The multivariable analysis was computed using the setup of 3 models. Results. The rate of caesarean section among women who initiated antenatal care in the first trimester was 1.32% (95% CI = 0.91–4.21). Women initiated antenatal care in the first trimester (AOR = 2.74; 95% CI = 1.49–6.2) and received contents of care (AOR = 1.98; 95% CI = 1.24–3.78])were more likely to have caesarean section delivery as compared to their counterparts. Conclusion. Caesarean section among women who initiated ANC in the first trimester is low. The finding suggests ANC initiated early (within 16 weeks) can have a positive impact on caesarean section delivery. In addition, being urban residents, primipara women, initiating antenatal care before 16 weeks, received contents of care, and having antenatal care visits three and more increase the odds of having caesarean section. As a result, different obstetric, medical, and surgical complications are detected and managed as early as possible.