bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Local Automorphisms and Local Superderivations of Model Filiform Lie Superalgebras
Authors: Sheng Yuqiu , Liu Wende , Liu Yang
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we give the forms of local automorphisms (resp. superderivations) of model filiform Lie superalgebra Ln,m in the matrix version. Linear 2-local automorphisms (resp. superderivations) of Ln,m are also characterized. We prove that each linear 2-local automorphism of Ln,m is an automorphism.
SLAP Trial: Shock Wave Lithotripsy and Mechanical Percussion Therapy Post ESWL for Renal Calculi
Authors: Patel Nishal , Roe Adrian , Stanton Donna , Roberts Jay , Kothari Akshay
Published: March 2024

Introduction and Objectives. ESWL is a popular treatment modality for small to medium sized renal calculi; however, the reported clearance rates especially in the lower pole have been poor. Mechanical percussion and inversion (MPI) therapy can be used as an adjunct to ESWL and has been shown to significantly improve stone clearance rates in several studies. In these studies, MPI therapy was administered in hospital by medical staff, requiring further hospital appointments with increased clinician and financial resources. Our objective was to evaluate whether patient-directed mechanical percussion and inversion (MPI) therapy performed at home after ESWL can improve stone-free rates compared with ESWL alone. Methods. We conducted a prospective randomised control trial. Included patients were males and females greater than 18 years of age with single or multiple ipsilateral renal calculi of total ≤10 mm on plain X-ray and noncontrast CT KUB. ESWL was performed at a single centre, at supine position under general anaesthesia with maximum 3000 shocks at a rate of 100 shocks per minute. Patients were discharged and randomised to either the control arm or MPI therapy. MPI therapy was self-directed in a home setting for 10 minutes a day, three times per week. Both arms had standard follow-up at 12 weeks with a plain X-ray KUB. Patients in the control group were offered cross over to the MPI arm after 12 weeks if residual stone fragments were detected. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software via Chi squared and Fisher’s exact tests. Ethical approval was obtained via the Prince Charles Hospital HREC Committee, HREC/2022/QPCH/84961. Results. 70 patients met inclusion criteria and underwent ESWL, and 5 were withdrawn. 33 patients were randomised to the MPI group and 32 to the control group. MPI significantly increased the stone clearance rate anywhere in the kidney (87.9% in the MPI group versus 59.4% in the control group, p=0.089), as well as the clearance rate in the lower pole (91.7% in the MPI group versus 63.2% in the control group, p=0.022). Delayed percussion did not improve the clearance rate over primary percussion p=0.835. Conclusion. This study has shown that MPI can be effectively performed in a home setting without the need for medical supervision and results in improved stone clearance rates post ESWL. The main limitations to the study were the use of X-ray over CT during the follow-up and variability in MPI compliance and administration. Further research is warranted into standardising home MPI protocols. This trial is registered with ANZCTR387061.
Development and Validation of Analytical Procedure for Elemental Impurities in Rosuvastatin Calcium Tablets by ICP-MS and Microwave Digestion
Authors: Hao Yajie , Yin Guang , Wang Xuemei , Fu Juan , Cao Qihui , Sun Qinyong , Zhang Guimin , Feng Zhong
Published: March 2024

Rosuvastatin calcium is a widely used 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A-reductase inhibitor developed for the treatment of dyslipidemia. To establish a control strategy for the elemental impurities, a new digestion method combined with an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) was developed and validated by our team to determine elements Cd, Pb, As, Hg, Co, V, and Ni in rosuvastatin calcium tablets, which digest the sample perfectly even in the presence of a large number of excipients, especially titanium dioxide. The measurement mode was collision cell mode with kinetic energy discrimination (KED). 209Bi+, 115In+, and 89Y+ were chosen as internal standard elements. The recoveries of the limit of quantitation (LOQ) ranged from 90.5% to 106.4%, concentrations of the abovementioned elements in LOQ were 0.25 µg·L−1, 0.25 µg·L−1, 0.75 µg·L−1, 1.5 µg·L−1, 2.5 µg·L−1, 5 µg·L−1, and 8 µg·L−1 , respectively, linear correlation coefficients were above 0.9997, the recoveries in accuracy item ranged from 91.8% to 103.6%, and relative standard deviations (RSDs) of recovery in precision were not more than 1.8%, reflecting a reliable method of high sensitivity, strong anti-interference capacity, and good precision, and that it was suitable for the determination of elemental impurities in drugs.
Oestrogen Receptor Positive Metastatic Eccrine Porocarcinoma: A Case Report and Review of Anti-Oestrogen Therapy in Rare Cancers
Authors: Kalakonda Anita J.M. , Mahajan Abishek , Chow Shien , Olsson-Brown Anna C. , Sacco Joseph J.
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Rare cancers, in aggregate, represent a significant burden of disease in oncology and remain therapeutically challenging to manage due to a lack of clinical trials. Eccrine porocarcinoma is a rare cutaneous sweat-gland malignancy for which there remains no standard approach to metastatic disease. Case Presentation: We describe a patient diagnosed with metastatic disease, confirmed on bone biopsy; pathological analysis further revealed this was oestrogen receptor positive. She was commenced on the aromatase inhibitor letrozole, and denosumab, and showed a significant clinical and radiological response on bone scan within 7 months. At the time of report, over 2 years since commencing letrozole, she remains well with no evidence of progression. Conclusion: Our experience adds to the literature suggesting anti-oestrogen therapy can have significant benefit in patients with ER-positive non-breast cancer and is in keeping with increasing interest in therapies agnostic to site of origin but guided by expression/mutation of oncogenic drivers.
Migration of a Common Bile Duct Stone into the Main Pancreatic Duct due to Catheter Manipulation during Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Murabayashi Toji , Nakamura Haruka , Sugimoto Shinya
Published: March 2024

Introduction: We report the first case of a choledocholithiasis migrating into the main pancreatic duct (MPD) due to catheter manipulation during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Case Presentation: A 57-year-old woman complaining of vomiting was diagnosed with acute cholangitis and pancreatitis due to choledocholithiasis. During ERCP, the stone migrated from the papilla into the MPD due to the pushing motion of the catheter. However, the ERCP session was completed after biliary sphincterotomy without intervention in the MPD because the migration was not noticed. The migrated stone became apparent on computed tomography the following day. The second ERCP revealed the stone measuring 5 mm in the MPD. After pancreatic sphincterotomy, a pancreatic stent was placed, which improved the obstructive pancreatitis. Conclusion: Endoscopists performing ERCP should be aware of this rare but serious complication.
Is It Possible to Preserve Vision without Compromising Metastases-Free Survival by Use of Fully Fractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Posterior Choroidal Melanoma?
Authors: Phillips Claire E. , Youssef Arkan , Bressel Mathias , O'Day Rod , Sia Joseph , McKenzie John D. , McKay Daniel , Campbell William , Chen Fred Kuanfu
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) is used for choroidal melanoma (CM) abutting the optic nerve. Visual acuity (VA) deterioration to ≤6/60 is common. We report a pilot study of reduced-dose SRT using 2 Gy/day, aiming to preserve vision without compromising survival. Method: 60 Gy SRT was delivered in 30 fractions over 6 weeks. Liver metastasis surveillance was annual ultrasound. The primary endpoint was 5-year metastasis-free survival (5yMFS). Secondary endpoints were 2-year freedom from local progression (2yFFLP), VA, enucleation rate, and radiation toxicity. Results: Twenty adults aged ≤70 years with T1-T2M0 CM without diabetes mellitus were enrolled. Median follow-up was 5.1 years. About 85% and 90% of tumours were ≤3 mm of the macula and optic disc, respectively. Median tumour height was 2.2 mm (range 1.0–4.4 mm), and median basal diameter was 8.2 mm (range: 4.3–15.0 mm). 5yMFS was 88% (95% CI: 61–97), and the 2yFFLP rate was 90% (95%: CI 66–97). There were three enucleations for disease progression. Final VA in retained eyes was ≥6/7.5 in 6 (30%), 6/9 to 6/12 in 5 (25%), 6/15 to 6/48 in 2 (10%), and ≤6/60 in 4 (20%) eyes. Retinopathy was the main cause of vision loss besides tumour progression. Conclusion: Meaningful vision was preserved 5 years after SRT, despite high-risk tumour locations for vision loss. 2yFFLP and 5yMFS were acceptable. This dose fractionation warrants further investigation.
Functional Precision Medicine Successfully Guides Therapeutic Regimen of ‘Cancer of Unknown Primary’ Later Classified as Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Case Report
Authors: Ruhe Larissa , Heibl Sonja , Czompo Manfred , Haybaeck Johannes , Loskutov Jürgen , Regenbrecht Manuela Johanna , Thaler Josef , Wedeken Lena , Regenbrecht Christian René Alexander
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Controlled randomized trials, molecular analytics, and guideline recommendations have so far been irreplaceable tools to ensure appropriate treatment and decision-making for physicians and patients. Individual patient models are increasingly complementing these methods, particularly in the case of advanced cancers, rare cancers, and cancers of unknown primary (CUP), as in these cases comprehensive clinical evidence is unavailable, often resulting in poor treatment success, even after stratification. Case Presentation: Here we report a 53-year-old patient with CUP with axillary lymph node metastases for whom patient-derived 3D (PD3D®) tumor organoids successfully guided personalized treatment. PD3D tumor models were used to screen drugs that are effective at the suspected primary tumor site. The screen revealed sensitivity to doxorubicin, which is not indicated for CUP treatment but hinted toward breast cancer that was subsequently confirmed as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The patient showed partial remission to first-line doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide, which were followed by docetaxel. Subsequent radiotherapy eventually led to a complete remission, which is still ongoing. Conclusion: We conclude that pre-therapeutic drug sensitivity screening with PD3D tumor models can be essential in guiding and enabling an effective personalized treatment for patients with hard-to-treat cancers, like CUP or TNBC.
A Dermatological Safety Test of a Face Serum Formulation Derived from Honey and Propolis of Stingless Bee from East Kalimantan
Authors: Dewi Januartha Kisari , Toruan Vera Madonna Lumban , Paramita Swandari , Arung Enos Tangke
Published: March 2024

Skincare, which is a type of cosmetics, is an essential component in the process of maintaining and caring for the skin. It is known that the skin quickly absorbs the tiny molecular structure of serum. Stingless bees, widespread in East Kalimantan and Indonesia, benefit the skin's health by producing honey and propolis. This research aims to demonstrate that a face serum derived from honey and propolis of stingless bees from East Kalimantan is safe for use on the skin using dermatological standards. Here we will see whether there are allergic reactions and irritation from using facial serum. Using the Repeated Open Application Test (ROPT) technique, 20 volunteers were subjected to applying a face serum containing honey and stingless bee propolis. The serum was given to the upper arm twice daily for seven days. As part of the test, allergic reactions were evaluated using the system developed by the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group (ICDRG), and irritating reactions were evaluated using the Primary Irritation Index (PII). The results showed that on the first day, four of the volunteers reported moderate irritation reactions. Consequently, they scored 0.7, indicating they suffered minor irritation. On the other hand, the reactions of the remaining 16 volunteers were typical. Twenty participants had normal skin from the second treatment until the seventh day. The overall findings show that the facial serum based on honey and kelulut propolis from stingless bees from East Kalimantan showed a mild irritation reaction at the beginning of use and was safe to use in subsequent uses.
The Effectiveness of Animation Media on The Language Skills of Class V Students
Authors: Sidabutar Yanti Arasi , Manihuruk Leonita Maria Efipanias , Adelberth Carles
Published: March 2024

This research aims to see the effectiveness of animation media on the language skills of class V students at SDN 091537 Pematangsiantar. This research will be carried out in class V at SD Negeri 091537 Hutabayu which is located at Hutabayu Village, Hutabayuraja District, Simalungun Regency. This research was carried out in the odd semester of the 2023/2024 academic year. The population in this study were all fifth grade students at SD Negeri 091537 Hutabayu. In this study, the population was all fifth grade students at SD Negeri 091537 with a total of 25 students. Data analysis techniques in quantitative research use statistics, namely parametric statistics and the data analyzed is in the form of a ratio scale or interval scale. Data is taken from a normally distributed population. This research discusses whether audio-visual media is effective in improving students' speaking abilities. In this research, an experimental method was used using an initial test (pretest) and final text (posttest). From the t-test paired samples test above, a t-value of 14.713 can be obtained with a significance level of 0.000. Because the significant probability is much smaller than 0.05, namely 0.000 and tcount is 14.713 > ttable = 2.05183, then Ho is rejected. H1 is accepted. This shows that there is effectiveness of animation media on the language skills of class V students at SDN 091537 Pematangsiantar.
Computational thinking in mathematical problem solving: Pattern recognition
Authors: Taufik Marhan , Inam Akhsanul , Susanti Reni Dwi
Published: March 2024

Computational thinking is increasingly acknowledged as important in education to support the development of problem-solving skills in mathematics. Pattern recognition plays a significant role in solving mathematical problems using computational thinking. This qualitative research explores how students recognize patterns when solving mathematical problems using computational thinking. The study adopts a case study approach, with 46 subjects then chooses two students from the Mathematics Education Study Program selected through purposive sampling. Data collection methods involve tests and interviews in August. The data is qualitatively analyzed, involving reduction, data presentation, and concluding the research findings. The results indicate that the subjects recognized a pattern related to determining the height of a triangle, which was one of the assigned questions. The pattern emerged as the subjects identified the problem, decomposed it, recognized known and unknown information, and identified the relationship between sub-problems and task information. The identified pattern is crucial in addressing the problem in the given task.
Unleashing the Presence of Eroticism in the Philippine Culture through a Multimodal Analysis of Viva Max Advertisements
Authors: Dizon, Jr. Rodolfo P. , Ravina Elimar A.
Published: March 2024

Technological advancements have mainstreamed online advertisements in potentially meeting a wide array of viewers through the combination of texts and images. The integration leads to the emergence of the multimodal discourse analysis which constitutes broader semiotic resources in the construction of meaning. Working together, these resources contain elements that can represent a cultural identity. With that, this study explored how the presence of eroticism in the Philippine culture is reflected in the selected seven Viva Max online advertisements through a multimodal analysis of their linguistic elements and visual grammar. Using Halliday’s Systematic Functional Linguistics, the ideational, interpersonal, and textual metafunctions reveal that the participants, Filipino women, are highlighted as sex objects. They trade their chastity by alluring and initiating sexual intercourses in exchange of material possessions. Moreover, same sex relationships have been normalized in the Philippine society despite its deep catholic beliefs. Consistently, using Kress and Van Leeuwen (2006) Visual Grammar, representational and interactive analyses show participants having seductive poses, revealing outfits, and fierce facial expressions to show dominance over the viewers. These deconstruct the power women have in sexual intercourses. Overall, the eroticism in the Philippine culture reflects how women have remained men’s weaknesses in gratifying their sexual desires.
Early Language Reading Interventions and Reading Skills of Elementary Grade One Pupils in Zambales, Philippines
Authors: Mejala Jennifer R.
Published: March 2024

Learning to read and write is crucial in child’s development during entering formal schooling in grade one. These skills are identified to as language and literacy skills. It also predicts the child’s success later in school as well as in life. Reading and writing were both encompassed in early language literacy which are the foundation skills of a child and it develops as the child grows. This study aimed to determine the effects of the reading intervention strategies used by grade one teachers on the reading performance of grade one pupils in terms of word recognition, reading speed and reading comprehension. The participants in this study were the 23 grade one teachers coming from the 11 schools of the San Antonio District. Findings of the study came up with the following conclusions: Typical teachers of Grade I in San Antonio always use reading intervention strategies in terms of oral language, alphabet knowledge and word recognition, and often use strategies for phonological awareness, fluency and comprehension. The teachers used various activities exclusively for word recognition, fluency and reading comprehension. The learners have a high level of word recognition skills, are fast readers and with an instructional level of comprehension. A positive linear relationship exists between the reading intervention strategies and the learners' level of reading skills. After the investigation on the relationship between the reading intervention strategies and learner’s reading skills, the researcher recommends the following actions.
Influence of Color Psychology on Consumer Behavior among Business Students
Authors: Niere Marvin Ian , Bigno Hadassah , Agustin Jayven Seville , Aguilar Hyacinth Jhoy T. , Caliso Charmaine Ann M. , Albarina Noeme D.
Published: March 2024

Neuromarketing, a rapidly expanding field, utilizes brain-based techniques to understand and shape consumer behavior. Recently, there has been a surge in the popularity of neuromarketing techniques, supported by research indicating their substantial impact on consumer behavior. Notably, color psychology has emerged as a prominent area within neuromarketing. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between color psychology and its impact on consumer behavior among business students of a university in Cebu City. A quantitative correlational approach was employed, and data were collected from business students responding to Likert survey questionnaires distributed electronically. To achieve the study objectives, descriptive analysis and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient were used to ensure a comprehensive evaluation of the data. The findings revealed a high level of awareness among the respondents, with "Pink" and "White" colors demonstrating strong associations. In contrast, "Purple" and "Brown" colors exhibited lower influence. Further analysis demonstrated significant relationships between the perceived level of color psychology in advertising, awareness level, and consumer buying behavior. The study established a strong positive correlation between color preferences, awareness levels, brand recall, and consumer behavior among business students.
Development, Implementation, and Evaluation of Instructional Learning Package in Teaching-Learning Geometry 7
Authors: Sy Julian John Paul P. , Ambay Rica Joy C. , Mercado Justine C.
Published: March 2024

The present study investigated the effectiveness of a developed learning package in teaching Geometry 7 specifically in constructions and solving problems involving polygons. Geometry is one of the subjects that many students find to be the most difficult and may be challenging for some children. The major goal of this study is to determine the effect of the developed learning package in teaching Geometry 7 improving the skills of construction and problem solving skills of the students. The learning package sought to provide an engaging learning environment by merging real-world situations and game-based components.
The research design adapted a quasi-experimental design wherein it has a control and an experimental group. Pretest and posttest were conducted in the control and experimental group to compare the performance of students who utilized the learning package with those who did not. With the pretest and posttest scores of the students, it was found that the learning package was not effective in school A but effective in school B. The learning package has had a big impact in rural areas, resulting in the absence of significant differences between rural and urban schools. Furthermore, the study did not produce significant interaction between the locality and the usage of the developed learning package. Thus, the Developed Learning Package improved students’ comprehension and engagement with Geometry.
A Perspective-Changing Teaching Experience in Araimiri
Authors: Narsico Peter G.
Published: March 2024

The study underscores the remarkable human capacity for resilience and determination when confronted with challenging life situations. Specifically, this research delves into a teacher's interactions with a group of high school students who, due to their unique circumstances, embarked on a transformative journey, overcoming obstacles in the realm of education. The research focused on a private school in Araimiri in the Gulf Province of Papua New Guinea. Employing a qualitative methodology, the study specifically adopts an autoethnographic approach. This autoethnography unfolds against the backdrop of a unique and immersive experience, exposing the researcher to the intricate social dynamics, behaviors, and practices of a group of students. Through keen observations, profound conversations, shared experiences, and the examination of artifacts, the study offers an in-depth and distinctive perspective on the educational landscape during the specified period. The study sought to determine the circumstances that made the experiences of students and teachers significant, to identify key elements of the initial education-related situations of students, to determine the initiatives made to help students improve academically, and to reveal significant findings that manifested through the analyses of the experience. These are the conclusions of the study.  First, teachers’ awareness of students' struggles and unique conditions helps them strengthen their teaching approaches. Second, students’ commitment to their lead role in the education process is imperative. Third, teachers’ depth in the understanding of topics and their commitment to teaching help in the ability to simplify complex concepts. Fourth, students’ prerequisite capabilities when introducing new lessons reinforce learning. Fifth, the implemented curriculum should match with relevant assessments that are often provided by the government or industry. These conclusions imply that educational processes are multifaceted and interconnected with components that have to be harmonized to ensure effectiveness.
Study on the Adherence to the Code of Ethics of Select Customs Broker Practitioner in the Philippines
Authors: Doyo Joan R. , Gutierrez Ernell Bautista , Dante Julian M. , Agapay Arnel B.
Published: March 2024

Every profession has a different focus of specialization and every professional’s competence are measured against their level of expertise, effectiveness, and efficiency. Meanwhile, conflict is inevitable, and it may cause destructive impacts if not managed properly. On one hand, Custom Brokers, as per “Custom, Broker Act of 2004” are professionals who render consultation, preparation of customs requisite document for imports and exports, declaration of taxes, etc. The study assessed the extent of adherence of customs brokers to code of ethics in terms of Competence, Respect, Integrity, Justice and Fairness. The customs broker’s adherence indicates the extent of practice of their code of ethics and results revealed that, customs brokers usually and always adhere to code of ethics. However, results also revealed that, there is a significant difference in the assessment of the Customs Broker Practitioners towards adherence to Code of Ethics.
Social Media Integration and Financial Performance of Selected Micro Retail Businesses in Cebu City
Authors: Lumbab Raul Jr , Zamora Julie Mae , Jucom Louise Nichole , Sapariya Junaline
Published: March 2024

The tremendous shift towards digital platforms has prompted businesses to go online during the heights of the pandemic. Among those who embraced this enormous shift are the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), which are the backbone of the economic growth in developing countries. The efficient use of social media marketing has been a key player in the success of companies in today’s business environment, and the quest for sustainable development gives rise to the need for better strategic decisions in the MSMEs. This paper analyzes whether there is a relationship between social media integration and the financial performance of selected micro retail businesses in Cebu City. The level of social media integration and the total assets turnover of 385 selected micro retail businesses were correlated using Pearson’s correlation, with their related advertising expenses as the moderating variable. As observed in a non-contrived setting with minimal interference, our results showed a weak positive correlation among the variables correlated with such relationships varying per business industry. Our analysis also revealed that the average total assets turnover of businesses employing social media is higher than those which do not. The results also showed that the more integrated the business is, the more likely they are to invest in social media advertising.
Preparedness of School Heads, Teachers and Parents of Public Elementary Schools on the Limited Face to Face Learning Modality in Zone 2, Division of Zambales
Authors: Escobar Rod D. , Fastidio Joan A.
Published: March 2024

The study aimed to evaluate the perspective of school heads, teachers and parents on the preparedness of public elementary schools on the limited face to face learning modality in Zone 2, Division of Zambales. The researcher employed the mixed method where in a quantitative and qualitative approaches was used in the study. Descriptive and inferential statistics was employed in the study.
Based on the significant results, most of the respondents are Teacher I, female, and serve for 10-14 years in the Department of Education. Parents are self- employed, most of them are college and elementary graduate and with 3-5 children. The school head & teacher-respondents perceived as Prepared in the preparation of the public elementary schools in terms of curriculum and instruction, school environment, human resource management, and budget.  Based on the experienced by parent-respondents that majority of them prepare their children to bring to school such as snacks, alcohol, facemasks, and other supplies/items that will be needed for their education in accordance with school policy. The school head and teacher-respondents perceived as Sometimes a Problem in the limited face to face for leaning modality in terms of curriculum and instruction, school environment, human resource management, and budget. Based on the experienced by the parent-respondents that for fear of the COVID 19 epidemic, majority of parents bring their children with them. Some of them prefer to walk because it is more convenient and economical for them. During a pandemic, transportation is extremely expensive, and they cannot afford to ride a tricycle. There is no significant difference on the perceived level of agreement of school head and teacher-respondents on the preparations of the public elementary schools in the limited face to face learning modality when grouped according to profile of the school heads and teachers. The proposed action plan was developed based on the findings of the study.
Based on the salient findings, the researchers recommended that the school heads and teachers may develop and design curriculum and instruction integrating facts on how to combat spreading the COVID 19 viruses. Encourage parents to monitor and check their children’ safety. The curriculum planner should take into account this issue, simplify activities, and eliminate extraneous themes in order to achieve mastery. Teachers are encouraged to attend trainings and seminars related on how to handle learners who are potentially infected. The administrators may consider the medical equipment such as stretchers and wheelchairs if budget warrants. Procurement of a two-way radio for easy communication in case of emergency is suggested. The principal may hold a PTA meeting to inform parents about health protocols.  Future researchers may conduct a parallel study to validate the results of this study. The proposed action plan may be implemented by the school heads to the school.
Increased Risk of Gestational Hypertension by Periconceptional Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Effect Modification by Prenatal Depression
Authors: Niu Zhongzheng , Habre Rima , Yang Tingyu , Chen Xinci , Vigil Mario , Barragan Karina , Lurmann Fred , Pavlovic Nathan R. , Grubbs Brendan H. , Toledo-Corral Claudia M. , Johnston Jill , Dunton Genevieve F. , Lerner Deborah , Lurvey Nathana , Al-Marayati Laila , Eckel Sandrah P. , Breton Carrie V. , Bastain Theresa M. , Farzan Shohreh F.
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:

Air pollution has been associated with gestational hypertension (GH) and preeclampsia, but susceptible windows of exposure and potential vulnerability by comorbidities, such as prenatal depression, remain unclear.

METHODS:

We ascertained GH and preeclampsia cases in a prospective pregnancy cohort in Los Angeles, CA. Daily levels of ambient particulate matters (with a diameter of ≤10 μm [PM
10
] or ≤2.5 μm [PM
2.5
]), nitrogen dioxide, and ozone were averaged for each week from 12 weeks preconception to 20 gestational weeks. We used distributed lag models to identify susceptible exposure windows, adjusting for potential confounders. Analyses were additionally stratified by probable prenatal depression to explore population vulnerability.

RESULTS:

Among 619 participants, 60 developed preeclampsia and 42 developed GH. We identified a susceptible window for exposure to PM
2.5
from 1 week preconception to 11 weeks postconception: higher exposure (5 µg/m
3
) within this window was associated with an average of 8% (95% CI, 1%–15%) higher risk of GH. Among participants with probable prenatal depression (n=179; 32%), overlapping sensitive windows were observed for all pollutants from 8 weeks before to 10 weeks postconception with increased risk of GH (PM
2.5
, 16% [95% CI, 3%–31%]; PM
10
, 39% [95% CI, 13%–72%]; nitrogen dioxide, 65% [95% CI, 17%–134%]; and ozone, 45% [95% CI, 9%–93%]), while the associations were close to null among those without prenatal depression. Air pollutants were not associated with preeclampsia in any analyses.

CONCLUSIONS:

We identified periconception through early pregnancy as a susceptible window of air pollution exposure with an increased risk of GH. Prenatal depression increases vulnerability to air pollution exposure and GH.
Impact of Prosthesis‐Patient Mismatch After Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Reconstructed Time‐to‐Event Data of 122 989 Patients With 592 952 Patient‐Years
Authors: Sá Michel Pompeu , Jacquemyn Xander , Van den Eynde Jef , Chu Danny , Serna‐Gallegos Derek , Ebels Tjark , Clavel Marie‐Annick , Pibarot Philippe , Sultan Ibrahim
Published: March 2024

Background

It remains controversial whether prosthesis‐patient mismatch (PPM) impacts long‐term outcomes after surgical aortic valve replacement. We aimed to evaluate the association of PPM with mortality, rehospitalizations, and aortic valve reinterventions.

Methods and Results

We performed a systematic review with meta‐analysis of reconstructed time‐to‐event data of studies published by March 2023 (according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses). Sixty‐five studies met our eligibility criteria and included 122 989 patients (any PPM: 68 332 patients, 55.6%). At 25 years of follow‐up, the survival rates were 11.8% and 20.6% in patients with and without any PPM, respectively (hazard ratio [HR], 1.16 [95% CI, 1.13–1.18],
P
<0.001). At 20 years of follow‐up, the survival rates were 19.5%, 12.1%, and 8.8% in patients with no, moderate, and severe PPM, respectively (moderate versus no PPM: HR, 1.09 [95% CI, 1.06–1.11],
P
<0.001; severe versus no PPM: HR, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.24–1.35],
P
<0.001). PPM was associated with higher risk of cardiac death, heart failure–related hospitalizations, and aortic valve reinterventions over time (
P
<0.001). Statistically significant associations between PPM and worse survival were observed regardless of valve type (bioprosthetic versus mechanical valves), contemporary PPM definitions unadjusted and adjusted for body mass index, and PPM quantification method (in vitro, in vivo, Doppler echocardiography). Our meta‐regression analysis revealed that populations with more women tend to have higher HRs for all‐cause death associated with PPM.

Conclusions

The results of the present study suggest that any degree of PPM is associated with poorer long‐term outcomes following surgical aortic valve replacement and provide support for implementation of preventive strategies to avoid PPM after surgical aortic valve replacement.
Association of Environmental Injustice and Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors in the United States
Authors: Khadke Sumanth , Kumar Ashish , Al‐Kindi Sadeer , Rajagopalan Sanjay , Kong Yixin , Nasir Khurram , Ahmad Javaria , Adamkiewicz Gary , Delaney Scott , Nohria Anju , Dani Sourbha S. , Ganatra Sarju
Published: March 2024

Background

While the impacts of social and environmental exposure on cardiovascular risks are often reported individually, the combined effect is poorly understood.

Methods and Results

Using the 2022 Environmental Justice Index, socio‐environmental justice index and environmental burden module ranks of census tracts were divided into quartiles (quartile 1, the least vulnerable census tracts; quartile 4, the most vulnerable census tracts). Age‐adjusted rate ratios (RRs) of coronary artery disease, strokes, and various health measures reported in the Prevention Population‐Level Analysis and Community Estimates data were compared between quartiles using multivariable Poisson regression. The quartile 4 Environmental Justice Index was associated with a higher rate of coronary artery disease (RR, 1.684 [95% CI, 1.660–1.708]) and stroke (RR, 2.112 [95% CI, 2.078–2.147]) compared with the quartile 1 Environmental Justice Index. Similarly, coronary artery disease 1.057 [95% CI,1.043‐1.0716] and stroke (RR, 1.118 [95% CI, 1.102–1.135]) were significantly higher in the quartile 4 than in the quartile 1 environmental burden module. Similar results were observed for chronic kidney disease, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, high cholesterol, lack of health insurance, sleep <7 hours per night, no leisure time physical activity, and impaired mental and physical health >14 days.

Conclusions

The prevalence of CVD and its risk factors is highly associated with increased social and environmental adversities, and environmental exposure plays an important role independent of social factors.
Taxonomic notes and new species of Burmomiles and Sanaungulus (Coleoptera, Cantharidae) from northern Myanmar during the late Mesozoic
Authors: Yang Yuxia , Zhao Wei , Liu Haoyu
Published: March 2024

In this study, Poinarelektronmiles Fanti & Damgaard, 2020 is considered as a junior synonym of Burmomiles Fanti, Damgaard & Ellenberger, 2018, since no generic diagnostic differences can be found in their type species except for the elytral length, which is a yet unstable and more ecology-related character. The two hitherto known species of Poinarelektronmiles are transferred to Burmomiles or Sanaungulus Fanti, Damgaard & Ellenberger, 2018, including B. ellenbergeri (Fanti & Damgaard, 2020) comb. nov. and S. cuaroni (Bramanti & Fanti, 2022) comb. nov. Meanwhile, B. dominikiweissbachi (Fanti & Müller, 2022) comb. nov., B. kachinensis (Fanti & Müller, 2022) comb. nov. and B. lethi (Fanti & Damgaard, 2020) comb. nov. are transferred from Sanaungulus. Six Sanaungulus species are suggested to be placed in Cantharidae incertae sedis, including S. electrum Fanti & Müller, 2022, S. franziskaeweissbachae Fanti & Müller, 2022, S. nalae Fanti & Müller, 2022, S. morellii Fanti & Damgaard, 2020, S. rosenzweigi Fanti & Damgaard, 2020 and S. ruicheni (Hsiao & Huang, 2018), due to their absence of antennal appendages in males. The gender identity for S. kirstenaeweissbachae Fanti & Müller, 2022 and S. cuaroni originally defined as females are corrected into males, according to their pectinate antennae. Additionally, four new species, S. marginalis sp. nov., S. longicornis sp. nov., S. elongaticollis sp. nov., and S. undecimus sp. nov., are described and illustrated. These results will significantly complement and expand our knowledge on the Burmite cantharid diversity.
Clam shrimp assemblage from Daohugou: A link correlating northern Hebei and western Liaoning
Authors: LIAO HUAN-YU , CAI CHEN-YANG , FENG ZHUO , HUANG DI-YING
Published: March 2024

The clam shrimp species, Triglypta pingquanensis Wang, 1984, is reported in the Middle Jurassic Daohugou beds from two localities in Inner Mongolia. The species is predominant in the Middle Jurassic Longmen Formation in Yingzi Village, Pingquan City, northern Hebei. This discovery significantly strengthens the correlation between the Haifanggou and Longmen formations. The clam shrimp of the Haifanggou and Longmen formations are dominated by T. haifanggouensis Chen, 1976 and T. pingquanensis, respectively. The clam shrimp assemblage from the Daohugou beds serves as a crucial link for correlating the Middle Jurassic in northern Hebei and western Liaoning, and it represents the early assemblage of the Yanliao biota. Moreover, a new species, T. hebeiensis Liao & Huang sp. nov., is described in the uppermost layer of the Longmen Formation in this study.
Typification of the name Cleome turkmena (Cleomaceae)
Authors: KHORASANI MINA , NAQINEZHAD ALIREZA , IAMONICO DUILIO
Published: March 2024

Cleome Linnaeus (1753: 671), in its traditional sense, is the largest genus of the family Cleomaceae Bercht. & Presl, comprising 200–300 species (Hall 2008, Patchell et al. 2014, Soares Neto et al. 2022, POWO 2024) which are native to the tropical, subtropical, and arid regions of both hemispheres (Patchell et al. 2014, Mousa 2019, Shilla et al. 2019, Roalson 2021, POWO 2024).
Finding the Right XAI Method—A Guide for the Evaluation and Ranking of Explainable AI Methods in Climate Science
Authors: Bommer Philine Lou , Kretschmer Marlene , Hedström Anna , Bareeva Dilyara , Höhne Marina M.-C.
Published: March 2024

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods shed light on the predictions of machine learning algorithms. Several different approaches exist and have already been applied in climate science. However, usually missing ground truth explanations complicate their evaluation and comparison, subsequently impeding the choice of the XAI method. Therefore, in this work, we introduce XAI evaluation in the climate context and discuss different desired explanation properties, namely, robustness, faithfulness, randomization, complexity, and localization. To this end, we chose previous work as a case study where the decade of annual-mean temperature maps is predicted. After training both a multilayer perceptron (MLP) and a convolutional neural network (CNN), multiple XAI methods are applied and their skill scores in reference to a random uniform explanation are calculated for each property. Independent of the network, we find that XAI methods such as Integrated Gradients, layerwise relevance propagation, and input times gradients exhibit considerable robustness, faithfulness, and complexity while sacrificing randomization performance. Sensitivity methods, gradient, SmoothGrad, NoiseGrad, and FusionGrad, match the robustness skill but sacrifice faithfulness and complexity for the randomization skill. We find architecture-dependent performance differences regarding robustness, complexity, and localization skills of different XAI methods, highlighting the necessity for research task-specific evaluation. Overall, our work offers an overview of different evaluation properties in the climate science context and shows how to compare and benchmark different explanation methods, assessing their suitability based on strengths and weaknesses, for the specific research problem at hand. By that, we aim to support climate researchers in the selection of a suitable XAI method.

Significance Statement

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) helps to understand the reasoning behind the prediction of a neural network. XAI methods have been applied in climate science to validate networks and provide new insight into physical processes. However, the increasing number of XAI methods can overwhelm practitioners, making it difficult to choose an explanation method. Since XAI methods’ results can vary, uninformed choices might cause misleading conclusions about the network decision. In this work, we introduce XAI evaluation to compare and assess the performance of explanation methods based on five desirable properties. We demonstrate that XAI evaluation reveals the strengths and weaknesses of different XAI methods. Thus, our work provides climate researchers with the tools to compare, analyze, and subsequently choose explanation methods.
Perceptions and Experiences of Psychotherapy Among Forced Migrants With Limited English Proficiency
Authors: Lay Christine S. , Lyons Heather Z. , Cuppari Vanessa , Kennedy-Dunn Christina , Wadia Lyla , Johnson Adanna J. , Kirkhart Matthew
Published: March 2024

This qualitative study focused on the perspectives of forced migrants’ and their pursuit of mental health services, specifically as they relate to language use in therapy. Semistructured interviews were held during two face-to-face focus groups consisting of 16 adult participants identifying as forced migrants. Analysis of translated and transcribed interviews was conducted by a research team utilizing a constructivist approach to grounded theory. A substantive theoretical model on engagement in therapy emerged, with the core category of culture, which influences forced migrants’ level of trust and mistrust in psychotherapy. Multiple factors, including perceptions of therapy and English language facility, impacted forced migrants’ willingness to engage in psychotherapy. Findings supported language as a barrier to psychotherapy, even when an interpreter was utilized. Consistencies and inconsistencies of findings between the present study and existing literature were offered. Clinical, training, advocacy, and research implications of this study were explored.
Demographic and Vocational Rehabilitation Service Correlates of Employment Outcomes in People With Substance Use Disorders During COVID-19
Authors: Huang Yunzhen , Rumrill Stuart , Chun Jina , Osak Robert
Published: March 2024

This study examined the demographic and vocational rehabilitation (VR) service correlates of employment outcomes (achievement of competitive employment, hourly wage, and weekly hours) among individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs) during the COVID-19 pandemic, using the Rehabilitation Services Administration Case Services Report (RSA-911) database for fiscal year 2020. Data from 9,536 individuals were analyzed. Hierarchical logistic regression and hierarchical linear regression analyses revealed that multiple demographic and VR service variables were significantly associated with achievement of competitive employment, hourly wage, and weekly work hours at exit. Particularly, having a vocational training license/certificate, employment at Individualized Plan for Employment, and having an associate or bachelor’s degree were the strongest demographic correlates of more positive employment outcomes; while short-term job supports, maintenance, and other services were the strongest VR service correlates of more positive employment outcomes. Implications of the findings were discussed to promote VR service outcomes for people with SUD in the postpandemic era.
Nurses’ Anxiety Mediates the Relationship between Clinical Tolerance to Uncertainty and Antibiotic Initiation Decisions in Residential Aged-Care Facilities
Authors: Singh Saniya , Degeling Chris , Drury Peta , Montgomery Amy , Caputi Peter , Deane Frank P.
Published: March 2024

Aim. Diagnostic uncertainty, risk perceptions, time constraints, and pressure from resident/family members and nurses have been identified as potential barriers to reducing antibiotic prescribing in residential aged-care facilities. The current study investigated the relationship between nurses’ anxiety, clinical tolerance of uncertainty, and behaviors that favor antimicrobial initiation. Methods. A cross-sectional online survey was used to present a clinical vignette with measures of situational anxiety, clinical tolerance to uncertainty using the Physicians Reactions to Uncertainty Scale (adapted for nurses), and self-reported behavior on the Immediate Assessment and Antibiotics scale. The vignette described a hypothetical resident with a potential upper respiratory tract infection. Incremental information was provided with varying levels of symptoms, input from aged-care staff, and the availability of test results. Results. A total of 157 registered and enrolled nurses completed the survey from August 2021 to August 2022. Nurses’ anxiety fully mediated on the relationship between clinical tolerance of uncertainty and perceived need for antibiotics and immediate assessment ( P = 0.004), with 6% of variation explained by the model. Significant effects of clinical tolerance of uncertainty on anxiety ( P < 0.001) and anxiety on antibiotic initiation ( P = 0.002) were found, but there was no significant direct effect between clinical tolerance of uncertainty and antibiotic initiation ( P = 0.34). Conclusions. This is the first study that links perceived need for antibiotics and assessment to nurses’ anxiety and clinical tolerance of uncertainty. Thus, it may be that providing strategies for the management of anxiety related to uncertainty could nullify some processes contributing to inappropriate prescribing in aged-care settings

Highlights

The impact of non-clinical factors (e.g., resident and family preferences) on prescribing is well-established. There is a gap in the literature regarding the mechanisms through which these preferences are experienced as pressure by prescribers within the unique context of residential aged-care facilities (RACFs). A significant relationship was found between nurses’ anxiety, clinical tolerance of uncertainty, and the perceived need for antibiotics and assessment. As such, there is a need to expand stewardship beyond education alone to include interventions that help nurses manage uncertainty and anxiety and include other stakeholders (e.g., family members) when making clinical decisions in the RACF setting.