bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical and Psychological Turmoil in Assisted Reproductive Technology
Authors: Dr. Manpreet Kaur Rajpal
Published: May 2022

Surrogacy is an option for those who cannot conceive in a traditional manner. Due to high costs and a number of legal and moral issues that may come up, Surrogacy is a widely debated method of bringing a baby into the world. In this paper the researcher has tried to enlighten the readers with the darker side of Surrogacy. The medical procedures followed in Surrogacy are of very complex and intruding nature. The Fatal effects of Surrogacy on the health of Surrogate and the surrogate child are elucidated comprehensively in the Paper. While conceiving a baby through the use of a Surrogate mother does pose potential problems, it remainsas a viable option for those who have no other means of experiencing parenthood. Infertility, old age or the absence of a partner can hinder the growing desire to become a parent. Through Surrogacy, couples with health problems or the general inability to conceive still have the option of experiencing the joy of creating new life. It also allows single fathers or alternate lifestyle couples the chance to have a baby of their own without going through the adoption process.
Is Law Strong Enough over Customs? The Salience of Child Marriage in India: A Critical Study
Authors: Surinder Verma
Published: May 2022

In the era of globalization world has been changing rapidly. Along with it, certain socialpractices are also changing and some have become obsolete. Child marriage is one of theretrogressive evil that is still struggling towards good and against evil. A wholly social mindset isassociated with customs and idea of rejecting practice perpetuates hatred. The very idea of lawagainst child marriage is under strain, owing poor social and political will. This paper will drawhistorical roots of child marriage tradition along with issues and challenges that challengesfundamental rights of the child.
Child Abuse: Constitutional and Legal Protection in India
Authors: Dr. Manju Mishra
Published: May 2022

India has made sufficient provisions in its Constitution and legislation to stop the child abuse but in spite of all these Indian children are in need of care and protection. In a country like India with its multi- cultural, multi ethnic and multi religious population, the problem of child abuse is immense as in such groups the most vulnerable section is always the children. This study looked at different forms of child abuse: Physical Abuse, Sexual Abuse, Emotional Abuse and Girl Child Negligence with the available safeguards in our Constitution specially Articles 21, 23 and 24 and National Policies and Legislations to address child rights. This study also has an overview on the different schemes and plans available to address the child abuse.
Awareness level towards the Rights among Scheduled Caste in Tumkur District
Authors: Nisargapriya T S
Published: May 2022

Indian society is stratified based on the caste system that classified people by their occupation and status. “Each caste had a specific place in the hierarchy of social status. Inclusive growth assumes that all social groups have equal access to the services provided by the state and equal opportunity for upward economic and social mobility without any discrimination against any particular section of Indian Society. Indian constitution made provision to inclusion of all the weaker sections. The present study is aimed at find out the awareness level towards the constitutional provisions and their utilization among the scheduled caste people in Tumkur district. Descriptive research design was adopted and 500 respondents were selected as sample by using purposive sampling technique. Both primary and secondary data was used. The data is analyzed and interpreted by using simple statistical method. The study found that majority of the respondents was not aware of their rights.
Domestic Violence in India: An Analytical Study
Authors: Dr. Shiv Pratap Singh Raghav
Published: May 2022

Domestic violence at home is a gender-based violence, intending on subordinating women. The global dimensions of domestic violence are of great concern, both in terms of their scope and extent. Section 498A of Indian Panel Code was introduced in the year 1983 to protect married women from being exposed to cruelty by the husband or his relatives. In the l980s the worm and movements in India foregrounded the issue of violence against women with a special emphasis on dowry related violence suffered by married women. Under the provisions of criminal law, while the perpetrator of domestic violence could be prosecuted and punished, women's need for shelter, maintenance, custody of children and compensation remained unaddressed. The issue of “domestic violence” must not necessarily remain domestic. The notion of domestic violence must be taken out from the “private sphere” and politicized.
Re-Defining The Role Of Indian Legislature In Regulating Consensual Sex Between Minors
Authors: Anushka Gupta
Published: May 2022

The role of legislator is not simply confined to making laws, but they also play a significant role in development of society as a whole as they escalate or attenuate this process of development by the quality of laws they make. The age of consent laws made by the legislator are one set of laws that are working in contradiction of the aims and objectives for which they were enacted and are rather being criticized. The term „age of consent‟ is itself controversial and it has been suggested what is created is an „age of liability‟ for the offender rather than an age of consent.1It has been argued that „age of consent‟ is an establishment of age at which the law of a country decides that a child is allowed to have sexual intercourse and it has very less to do with consent. Much of the behaviour caught within the web of Rape of a child between 16-18 years of age involves the cases of consensual sexual intercourse, thus involving the adolescent youth of the country who are being prosecuted. This necessitates the need to stop this never-ending web of accusations against the boys who are being prosecuted for having sexual intercourse notwithstanding the involvement and consent of the girl to the fullest. The paper is shared out in four sections. In the first section, the author delves into the theme of statutory rape law and POCSO Act to critically analyse its utility in protecting children from consensual sexual acts. In the second section, the author attempts to examine the legislative intent behind setting such a higher age of consent from a historical perspective and brings to the surface a critique of legislative intent and acts. In the third section, based on a critique of traditional ideology and dearth in approbation of principles of criminalization, the author explains the need of decriminalizing consensual sexual acts among adolescents (between 16 to 18 years of age). In fourth section, the author attempts to conclude by quoting suggestions to frame the best practice paradigm to implementing Statutory Rape law in Indian Legal System.
Human Rights Violations In Jammu And Kashmir And Post Abrogation of Article 370
Authors: Tariq Ahmad
Published: May 2022

Kashmir has been a peaceful locus to live in ancient times. Every individual was living peacefully with one another and there was a religious diversity. All religious communities were living in peaceful ways with cultural unity and prosperity. However circumstances changed after the liberation of India. Some historical decisions changed whole scenario and status quo of Kashmir which resulted in humongous deployment of Indian troops in Kashmir, birth of terrorism and widespread gross human rights violations. The state of Jammu and Kashmir remains a constant headache for both India and Pakistan. Lack of constant efforts in resolving political differences and snatching the basic human rights had led the people of Kashmir in segregation, fear and uncertainty. Hence, in this research study I shall be highlighting atrocities, misuse of authority, onerous and brutal laws, post 1987 political turmoil, insurgency after 90s, exodus of Kashmiri Pundits, gross human rights infringement, post article 370 abrogation and old historical errors done by government of India. I shall be highlighting the real injustice done to people of Kashmir, failure of the judiciary to protect the fundamental rights of its people, widespread abuse of power and violation of international and territorial law. In this research study, documented and archival methods, field works, perceptions of inhabitant victims of my valley especially residents of my place, personal and collective experiences of conflict regions and qualitative methods of research.
Synthesis of degradants and impurities of rabeprazole
Authors: Yadav C. Hazarathaiah , Medarametla Venkatesh
Published: May 2022

Rabeprazole is an antiulcer drug comes under the Pharmacological class (antisecretory compounds) which is Proton-pump inhibitor, and It's used for heartburn, acid reflux and GORD (gastro-oesophageal reflux disease). Rabeprazole is also used to prevent and treat stomach ulcers. We have observed some of the metabolite and impurities during the process of synthesis of Rabeprazole. The main aim of the present work is to synthesis and characterisation of impurities and metabolites.
Nurse-midwives’ knowledge related to the preventive measures for TORCH diseases in maternity teaching hospitals in Babylon Province/ Iraq
Authors: AL-Jaleel Marwa Mohammed A. , Humade Saadya Hadi , Shakoor Jenan Akbar
Published: May 2022

TORCH infections cause congenital anomalies throughout the gestation period that can cross the placenta and damage the fetus. The study aimed to assess the nurse midwife’s knowledge regarding preventive measures for TORCH infections. A descriptive design study was conducted on 138 nurse-midwives in maternity teaching hospitals in Babylon province using self-administered questionnaires. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage). A chi-square test was used to analyze categorical variables. The P-value was determined using a P-value of 0.05 to determine statistical significance. Results: The mean age and standard deviation (SD) for nurse-midwives in the study was 34.11+8.967; the majority of the sample was (37.7%) reported at age 21–30 years. The majority of the study participants (69.6%) had no prior knowledge of TORCH diseases. The level of knowledge about TORCH disease prevention is low.93% of nurse-midwives had moderate knowledge. There was a significant relationship between nurse-midwives’ knowledge of TORCH diseases and their education level, their years of experience, and training sessions at a p-value of 0.05.
Retrospective study on dengue transmission
Authors: Arunagiri S , Vasudevan B. , Prasad S. Sanjeevi , Srihamdathwani S.
Published: May 2022

Weather variables, mainly temperature and humidity, influence vectors, viruses, human biology, ecology and consequently the intensity and distribution of vector-borne diseases . The climatic factors connected with Dengue fever happening in Chennai were investigated. The factors accountable for Dengue fever have been recognized and mapped to dengue cases in Chennai city. This work studies the association between yearly climate patterns between 2016 and 2017 and the spread of Dengue fever in Chennai. Monthly rainfall and temperature is taken as the factors of study. The study develops a statistical analysis to quantitatively assess the relationship between climate and Dengue fever.  The correlation technique was used to fit the statistical model. The Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques were used in mapping the spatial diffusion of Dengue fever risk zones. The results show that there is a significant correlation between Dengue fever and climate factors for the majority of the study area. Statistical analysis was conducted for comparison of model outputs and predictions.
Development of historical and cultural tourism areas for the competitive business of U-don Thani Province
Authors: Kerdpitak Chayanan , Kerdpitak Napassorn , Pongpeng Teerapong , Pungnirund Bundit
Published: May 2022

Competitive position in business activities is one of the challenges in the current competitive business market. Particularly, competitive position in U-don Thani Province, Thailand is not easy to achieve. To promote competitive business in in U-don Thani Province, this study proposed historical and cultural tourism. The objective of this study is to examine the role of historical and cultural tourism to gain competitive business position. This study used questionnaire for data collection from various business owners in U-don Thani Province, Thailand. Results of the study obtained with the help of Partial Least Square (PLS), a statistical tool to analyze the primary data. It is found that, competitive business position can be attained with the help of historical and cultural tourism activities. The promotion of historical and cultural tourism can enhance the business activities in U-don Thani Province, Thailand.
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) relationship between customer trust and customer satisfaction on customers loyalty in retail business in Thailand
Authors: Klaysung Chutima , Klaysung Somsak , Promsiri Triyuth
Published: May 2022

The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR), customer trust, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in retail business industry of Thailand. Furthermore, the indirect effect of customer trust and customer satisfaction is examined between CSR and customer loyalty. For this purpose, this study considered quantitative approach in which cross-sectional research design was used for data collection. A survey was used for data collection from retail businesses of Thailand. The employee working in retail businesses are considered as the respondents of the current study. 400 questionnaires were distributed among the employees. Finally, data analysis is carried out with the help of Partial Least Square (PLS). Results of the study reported that; CSR has influential role to promote customer loyalty. It has positive effect on customer trust and customer satisfaction which further increases the customer loyalty in retail businesses. Therefore, CSR has positive role in customer loyalty by enhancing the customer trust and customer satisfaction.
Development of the environment and potential of tourism areas of Tak Province
Authors: Aeknarajindawat Natnaporn , Aeknarajindawut Nattachai , Aswasuntrangkul Damkerng
Published: May 2022

The current research had identified the contributing sources for the substance of environmental responsible behavior (ERB) in mountain tourism in Kampaengpet Province, Thailand. Kampaengpet Provinces, Thailand's economy grew significantly as a result of its involvement. This development could be maximized if the environmental responsible behavior is increased. Various studies mentioned in the literature that tourist experience and place attachment played an important role to enhance the environmental behavior. Consequently, the present research objective was to evaluate the moderating effect of place attachment between the association of tourist experience and environmental responsible behavior. To get this objective, the data was collected from the tourist which were came for visit. The key findings had shown that tourist responsible behavior directly positively and significantly effect by tourism experience. While place attachment has a moderating influence on the association between tourist experience and environmentally responsible behavior, it also has a moderating effect on the relationship between tourist experience and environmental responsibility. Theoretically, the present study tested a moderating effect of place attachment which also has a significant moderating between the association of tourist experience and tourist environmental experience.
The Blind Spot of the Future
Authors: Lollini Massimo
Published: May 2022

When I proposed having the future at the center of this issue, which marks the 10th anniversary of Humanist Studies & The Digital Age, I was aware of the complexity of this controversial topic. The possibility of magnifiche sorti e progressive — a “splendid and progressive destiny” — made possible by human technology inspires hope in some and critique in others. The expression comes from one of Leopardi’s last poems, Ginestra o il fiore del deserto (Broom, or the flower of the desert), where he uses it ironically to suggest the powerlessnesss of humanity in the face of natural disasters. The poet argues with all those who praise the human condition and progress acritically. He condemns their hubris and bitterly invites them to visit the arid slopes of Vesuvius, reduced to a desert by the volcano’s eruption.
Unknown Future, Repeated Present: A Narrative-Centered Analysis of Long-Term AI Discourse
Authors: Simeone Micaela
Published: May 2022

Recent narratives and debates surrounding long-term AI concerns—the prospect of artificial general intelligence in particular—are fraught with hidden assumptions, priorities, and values. This paper employs a humanistic, narrative-centered approach to analyze the works of two vocal, and opposing, thinkers in the field—Luciano Floridi and Nick Bostrom—to ask how the representational, descriptive differences in their works reveal the high stakes of narrative choices for how we form ideas about humanity, urgency, risk, harm, and possibility in relation to AI. This paper closely reads Floridi and Bostrom using different representational models and historical narratives from works in the environmental humanities, literary theory, bioethics, and the history of technology to uncover the imaginative terrain of recent long-term AI discourse and reveal the complexity and limitations of the messaging underlying the works of different authors.
Poetry at the first steps of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Linardaki Christina
Published: May 2022

This paper is about Artificial Intelligence (AI) attempts at writing poetry, usually referred to with the term “poetry generation”. Poetry generation started out from Digital Humanities, which developed out of humanities computing; nowadays, however, it is part of Computational Creativity, a field that tackles several areas of art and science. In the paper it is examined, first, why poetry was chosen among other literary genres as a field for experimentation. Mention is made to the characteristics of poetry (namely arbitrariness and absurdity) that make it fertile ground for such endeavors and also to various text- and reader-centered literary approaches that favored experimentation even by human poets. Then, a rough historic look at poetry generation is attempted, followed by a review of the methods employed, either for fun or as academic projects, along Lamb et al.’s (2017) taxonomy which distinguishes between mere poetry generation and result enhancement. Another taxonomy by Gonçalo Oliveira (2017), dividing between form and content issues in poetry generation, is also briefly presented. The results of poetry generators are evaluated as generally poor and the reasons for this failure are examined: inability of computers to understand any word as a sign with a signified, lack of general intelligence, process- (rather than output-) driven attempts, etc. Then, computer-like results from a number of human poetic movements are also presented as a juxtaposition: DADA, stream of consciousness, OuLiPo, LangPo, Flarf, blackout/erasure poetry. The equivalence between (i) human poets that are concerned more with experimentation more than with good results and (ii) computer scientists who are process-driven leads to a discussion of the characteristics of humanness, of the possibility of granting future AI personhood and of the need to see our world in terms of a new, more refined ontology.
Two Projects from the metaLAB (at) Harvard
Authors: Schnapp Jeffrey
Published: May 2022

The presentation of these two projects the metaLAB (at) Harvard complements Jeffrey Schnapp's interview published in the section Perspectives of this issue of Humanist Studies and the Digital Age. The first project, A Flitting Atlas of the Human Gaze, performs an art historical experiment. The second project, Their Names, is an online Denkmal or monument that visualizes the names of 28,000+ fatal encounters with American police dating from the year 2000 up until the death of George Floyd on May 25, 2020.
JOSEPH SCHACHT`S ROLE IN CHANGING THE STATUS OF ISLAMIC LAW IN NIGERIA
Authors: SALMAN Daud
Published: May 2022

This work looks into the historical and empirical links between Schacht`s theories of the origin of Islamic law and the transformation of its status and epithet in Nigeria. The end of the nineteenth and the dawn of the twentieth centuries witnessed extensive activities of colonialism that shaped the quintessence of the contemporary paradigm at all levels. Islamic law is no exception. British colonialism met some established institutions in the Northern States of Nigeria such as a multifaceted system of Sharia courts which was being manned and administered by an Alkali, an Islamic law judge. At the inception, nothing was done to alter the established law institution. This was accompanied by the introduction of “indirect rule” in the northern part of the country. This period also witnessed intensive activities of orientalists such as Joseph Schacht who worked vigorously on the provenance and development of Islamic jurisprudence. He came up with some theories such as the "living tradition", "popular practice” among others. He concluded that Islamic law did not stem directly from Al-Quran but developed out of popular and administrative practice under the Umaiyads. By that, he tried to cut the link between Islamic law and its primary sources namely Al-Quran and Hadith. These theories were well communicated to colonial authorities who took them as the basis for the assessment and evaluation of Islamic law. It is from this point; the status of Islamic law was out rightly changed from that of religious law to customary law. It is concluded that Schacht`s theories permanently influenced the status of Islamic law in the constitution of Nigeria.
ENDÜLÜS ÇAĞIRIYOR
Authors: SAĞLAM Feride
Published: May 2022

Neresidir Endülüs? “Tarihçiler ve devrin sosyologları, İber Yarımadası’nın Müslümanlarla yönetilen kısmına Endülüs dediler.” Yahya Kemal Endülüs için “zil, gül ve şal ülkesidir Endülüs!” demiştir. Futbol, Flemenko, boğa güreşi ve daha nice aktivitenin merkezi olan İspanya'nın güneyindeki Endülüs tarihi boyunca Müslümanlara, Hristiyanlara, Yahudilere, çeşitli mezhep ve milletten insana ev sahipliği yapmış dünya üzerindeki nadir yerlerden biridir.
Prediction of Landscape Function and Soil Surface Condition in the Libyan Rangelands Using Selected Spectral Vegetation Indices
Authors: Mahmoud Adel M. A. , I Mohamed Hasmadi I , Alias M.S. , A. Mohamad Azani
Published: May 2022

Spectral Vegetation Indices (SVIs) have been used to examine variations in vegetation formation and phenology. Lately, researchers and agricultural practitioners have utilized SVIs to examine various soil properties for instance moisture and nutrients. From our review of the literature, there were few comprehensive studies conducted to know whether it is possible or not to predict landscape function indices by using remote sensing technology, and which spectral vegetation index is the best predictor. It has been shown that landscape function indices can be accurately predicted by Normalized Different Vegetation Index (NDVI). Therefore, we attempted to test the ability of selected SVIs to predict landscape function indices (LFA-SSA) in the Mediterranean steppes of Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, northeast Libya. We used data collected between May and October of 2006 and 2014. A total of 28 sites were chosen to collect the data for both SVIs and LFA-SSA. Simple linear regression was applied between LFA-SSA and SVIs. The results demonstrated that there is a positive linear relationship between LFA-SSC and the selected SVIs. The findings revealed that the Normalized Different Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (MSAVI) acquired from the Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) could be utilized in predicting the variability of significant structural and functional qualities of soil and vegetation in the Mediterranean climate.
Age Structure and Current Status of Aleppo Pine ( Pinus Halepensis ) Trees on the Western Side of Sidi Alhumry Pine Plantation in Aljabal Al-Akhdar Region
Authors: Alsanousi Attia. A. , Ali Abdusalam. M.
Published: May 2022

Aleppo pine trees have been extensively planted in many areas in Aljabal Al- Akhdar region for ecological and recreational purposes. The objectives of this study were to investigate the age structure and current status of Pinus halepensis. Miller trees on the western side of Sidi Alhumry plantation. More than 70 pine trees were sampled to estimate the year of establishment, parameters for dbh and tree-height were noted for every sampled tree in the study design. The oldest pine tree found on the site was established in 1962 while the youngest tree found was established in 1984. Our results indicated a gap of over 20 years between pine trees on the study area which suggests either a long afforestation process or an effective regeneration during the first 2 decades. Average dbh and height for pine trees were typical for similar pine stands in the area with an overall dbh average of 29cm and tree-height of 10m. However, thinning would be advisable to ensure better growth and high yield for pine trees on the site.
Hydrological Spatial Analysis of Wadi Alkuf Catchment Area, Cyrenaica, Northeastern Libya
Authors: Ammar Ammar A
Published: May 2022

Morphometric analysis reveals that the Wadi Alkuf drainage, on the northern flank of Al Jabal Al Akhdar, Cyrenaica, northeastern Libya, is characterized by dendritic to sub-dendritic drainage pattern. The development of stream segments in the basin area is apparently affected by intermittent rainfall and geological structure control such as joints set, fractures and faults, as the general area is of limestone karstic character. The analysis reveals that the total number and total length of stream segments reach maximum of 6233 segments in first order streams but decrease to 620 segments in 6th order streams. The bifurcation ratio (Rb) between different successive orders varies between 0.7 in 6th order and 3.5 for third order passing through 2.43 in second order. A mean bifurcation ratio of 1.42 indicates a partial structural control. The stream frequency (Fs) value of 8.87 exhibits positive correlation with the drainage density value of 1.97, whereas the drainage density (Dd) indicates clearly that the region has permeable subsoil and relatively moderate vegetation cover. Calculated Circularity Ratio (Rc) of 0.215 and Elongation Ratio (Re) of 0.15 suggest that the drainage basin is typically elongated in shape, has a low discharge of runoff and relatively permeable subsoil condition. Form Factor (Rf) of 0.22, represents a flatter peak of flow for a longer duration. Flood flows of such elongated basins are easier to manage than of circular basins. It becomes evident that morphometric analysis would contribute to understanding of the dominant geo-hydrological characteristics and processing of watershed planning and management utilizing geospatial techniques based on GIS application and Digital Terrain Model (DTM) analysis.
تأثير مستخلصات نبات الفيجل Ruta chalapensis L. على بعض أنواع البكتيريا المعزولة من التهاب الجروح
Authors: عبد الرازق أحمد امراجع , صالح سامي محمد
Published: May 2022

تعتبر البكتيريا من أهم المسببات الرئيسية لتلوث والتهابات الجروح لما تفرزه من سموم قد تؤخر عملية الشفاء، كما اصبحت هذه البكتيريا مقاومة لأغلب المضادات الحيوية،  وعليه تم التوجه نحو النباتات الطبية كعلاجات بديلة. استهدفت هذه الدراسة التي أجريت في معمل أمراض النبات التابع لقسم وقاية النبات بكلية الزراعة اختبار الفاعلية التثبيطية للمستخلص المائي والأيثانولي والأسيتوني لنبات الفيجل Ruta chalepensis L. باستخدام عدة تراكيز (50، 100، 150، 200) ملغم/ مل ضد أربعة أنواع من البكتيريا ( Escherichia coli، Staphylococcus aureus، Pseudomonas aeruginosa، Streptococcus pyogenes) المعزولة من الجروح الملتهبة، والمتحصل عليها من مستشفى الجلاء بنغازي– ليبيا، وطُبِّق اختبار الحساسية بطريقة الأقراص ومقارنتها بالمضاد الحيوي Gentamicin. بيَّنت النتائج أن التركيز 200 ملغم / مل لجميع مستخلصات نبات الفيجل هو الأكثر فاعلية، وأن التركيز 50 ملغم/ مل لم يظهر أي تأثير تثبيطي على جميع أنواع البكتيريا المدروسة، وكانت بكتيريا Streptococcus pyogenes الأكثر حساسية لتراكيز جميع المستخلصات بأقطار تثبيط تراوحت بين (1.3- 14.3) ملم، في حين كانت بكتيريا Pseudomonas aeruginosa هي الأكثر مقاومة لتراكيز جميع المستخلصات والمضاد الحيوي، كما سجلت النتائج تفوق المستخلص الأيثانولي والأسيتوني على المضاد الحيوي Gentamicin على جميع أنواع البكتيريا باستثناء بكتيريا Escherichia coli.
تأثير التلقيح ببكتيريا العقد الجذرية على نمو الأكاسيا ساليجنا ( Acacia saligna ) وتكوين العقد الجذرية تحت تأثير الإجهاد الملحي
Authors: محمد عمران على
Published: May 2022

أجريت التجربة في الصوبة لدراسة تأثير التلقيح بسلالات مختلفة من بكتيريا العقد الجذرية المعزولة من جذور شتلات الاكاسيا ساليجنا Acacia saligna) ) على تكوين العقد الجذرية وتثبيت النيتروجين ونمو نباتات الاكاسيا ساليجنا تحت تأثير مستويات مختلفة من الملوحة (  dsm-1 4 ، 5 ، 8 ، 10 ) على التوالي والتلقيح بالسلالات التالية (NA1, NA2 , NA3 , NA4) ومعاملة ( NA0 ) بدون تلقيح , وبثلاث مكررات لكل معاملة نفذت التجربة في أصص باستخدام تربة جيرية من منطقة الوسيطة وتم دراسة تأثير  المستويات المختلفة  للملوحة على نمو نباتات الاكاسيا ساليجنا وتكوين العقد الجذرية وتثبيت النيتروجين , حيث أظهرت النتائج أن التلقيح بالسلالات المختلفة من بكتيريا العقد الجذرية قلل معنويا من الآثار الضارة الناجمة عن الإجهاد الملحي حيث تفوقت النباتات الملقحة بالسلالات الرايزوبيمRhizobium) ) المختلفة على المعاملة الغير ملقحة بقدرتها على تحمل التركيزات المختلفة من الملوحة. كما أشارت النتائج إلى تفوق السلالة ( ( NA4على بقية السلالات  NA1), NA2 , NA3 ) في كل الصفات المدروسة و أظهرت النتائج أن مستويات الملوحة العالية كان لها فروق معنوية مقارنة بأقل مستوى ملوحة (  dsm-1 4 ) حيث تفوق هذا المستوى على بقية التركيزات في كل الصفات المدروسة (عدد العقد الجذرية المتكونة لكل نبات , الوزن الجاف للعقد الجذرية المتكونة , الوزن الجاف للمجموع الخضري , تركيز النيتروجين في التربة ). كان تأثير التداخل بين التلقيح بسلالات الرايزوبيم ومستوى الملوحة (  dsm-1 4 ) أكثر تفوق مقارنة بالمستويات الأخرى للملوحة في كل الصفات المدروسة
تأثير الملحية والصودية على العلاقة التكافلية بين بكتيريا الريزوبيوم ونبات الفول
Authors: الفيتوري ميكائيل يوسف , الحسن جاد الله عبدالله , الماحي يوسف القرشي
Published: May 2022

أجريت هذه الدراسة داخل البيوت الزجاجية لاختبار تأثير كل من الملحية (,6 EC=2 ,4 ملليسيمنز/سم والصودية (SAR=10 ,20 ,30 ملليمكافىء /لتر) 1/2 على العلاقة التكافلية بين نبات الفول Vicia faba صنف اکوادولشي وبكتيريا الريزوبيوم leguminosarum b.v. viceae Rhizobium المعزولة من ترب منطقة الخضراء ببنغازي المستخدمة في هذه الدراسة، حيث اتضح أن الزيادة الملحية أثر سلبية على نمو نبات الفول، فقد انخفض معنوية كل من أطوال النباتات والأوزان الجافة للجذور والعقد الجذرية والمجموع الخضري بالإضافة إلى النيتروجين الكلي الممتص، كذلك أثرت الزيادة في الصودية تأثيرا سلبية وكان هذا التأثير معنوية مقارنة بالشاهد في حين لم تكن هناك فروقات معنوية بين مستويات الصودية مع حدوث زيادة معنوية فقط في عدد العقد الجذرية ووزنها عند مستويات الصودية المرتفعة (SAR=30 ملليمكافىء لتر) 1/2 بدون أن يحدث ذلك أي اختلافات معنوية في كمية النيتروجين الكلي الممتص مما يدل على عدم كفاءة هذه العقد.
Evaluating repercussion of new benefit sharing mechanism in Joint Forest Management: A case study of Haryana
Authors: Arya S. , Panwar Pankaj
Published: May 2022

Haryana Forest Department (HFD) was pioneer in implementing Joint Forest Management (JFM) in 1990. Benefit sharing under JFM was key for which people participated in the programme. In a span of eight years number of Hill Resource Management Societies (HRMS) were established and became self-sustaining through the income generated by sale of Bhabbar (Eulaliopsis binata) and other activities. However, in 1998 HFD came out with a new sharing system of the produce obtained from JFM activities. In the new system HRMS had a share of only 45% of the total revenue generated. Most of the HRMS collapsed post 1998 due to lack of sufficient income. Repercussion of introduction of new sharing system on existence of HRMS and on forest resources was analysed. It was found that the new sharing system is detrimental for the existence of HRMS. Forests established with the cooperation of people are no more managed by the people as a result fire incidences have increased in the Bhabbar yielding forest post 1998 JFM resolution
Frequency of days of thunder in India
Authors: RAO K. N. , RAMAN P. K.
Published: May 2022

The monthly and annual frequency of days of thunder in India are presented in the form of charts with brief descriptions, The most thundery areas in the C9untry are Assam (extreme northeastern Assam with the highest annual frequency exceedmg100 days), Bengal, Orissa and the adjoining areas of Bihar. The least frequency (less than 10) occurs in western Saurashtra and Kutch Kendrew's remarks on frequency of thunder in India have been discussed.
Frequency of thunderstorms in South India
Authors: WILLIAMS S. D.
Published: May 2022

In this paper the average frequency of days of thunder in the different states of South India based on data for the years 1946 to 1956 have been discussed. Kerala State has the highest annual frequency of 57 while Madras has 37 and Mysore and Andhra Pradesh 29 each. In Madras State, there is a marked decrease of thunderstorm frequency along the coastal regions compared to the interior and this is very pronounced as one goes south.
Fallout observations in India after the First French Atomic Test in Sahara
Authors: VOHRA K. G. , BRATNAGAR V. S. , RANGARAJAN A.
Published: May 2022

The data on the airborne radioactive fallout and surface deposition of fallout in India after the French Atomic Test in Sahara on 13 February 1960, are reported. The increase in activity was observed during the period 16 February to 20 March. The maximum level of deposition at Bombay was about 170 millicuries per square kilometre, deposited between 17 and 18 February. This level was observed in the absence of rainfall.  The air concentrations of fallout showed large fluctuations, with a maximum level of about 12 micro microcuries per cubic metre of air at Bombay between 19 and 20 February. Meteorological interpretations of the data a presented and estimates of total radiation dose from fallout from this test are carried out.
Size distribution of Raindrops-Part III
Authors: KELKAR V. N.
Published: May 2022

Average of liquid water in mm3 of raindrops of different diameter groups per m3 of air are given in the form of a table, for 2l different intensities of precipitation. The result are shown graphically fox six different intensities in the form of histograms.  The total amount of liquid water W in mm3/m3 of air has been found to be a function of the intensity of precipitation. The formula suggested by Best (1950) have been verified with certain limitations.

 

Several drop-size distribution parameters have been worked out and their variation with the intensity of precipitation represented by formula, wherever possible.
On some sea surface characteristics in relation to storm development over Arabian sea
Authors: MUKHERJEE A. K. , KORKHAO J. M. , SRINIVASAN V.
Published: May 2022

The only observation of the relationship between sea temperature and cyclogenesis which is available in this regard is that due to Koteswaram and Gasper (1956) who have made some studies of storm in the Bay of Bengal. They have reported that in the majority of cases depressions developed over the areas where the sea was than the air above it. No effort appears to have yet been made to investigate along this line in regard to the storms which form over the Arabian Sea. Cyclonic storms develop in the Arabian Sea usually during the months May. June.
Electronic Remote Temperature Indicator
Authors: DAS S. K. , KAPOOR K. K.
Published: May 2022

This paper describes an instrument designed for measurement of temperature at any point far it as prominent as, from the observatory or meteorological office where direct reading from the thermometer cannot be taken convenienty. Thermistors are used as a temperature sensitive element a phase shift oscillator. The frequency of oscillation of the oscillator changes as the thermistor resistance changes with temperature.
Lunar and Solar Geomagnetic Tides in the Geomagnetic Equatorial Region- II Geomagnetic Tidal Variations at Alibag Equinoxes
Authors: RAO K. S. RAJA
Published: May 2022

The lunar and solar geomagnetic tides at Alibag are determined- by the fixed age method following the Chapman-Miller technique, for the three seasons-December solstice, equinoxes and summer solstice. The seasonal variation in the amplitudes and phases of L(H) are compared with similar results for Kodaikanal, Season Hnancayo and Ibadan, Confirmation has been obtained for an earlier suggestion of the author that the southern hemispheric currents in ionosphere which cause L variations extend upto 10oN geomagnetic latitude in December season. The nature of the seasonal variations of L(H) at Alibag is the same as that at Ibadan, and different from what is obtaining at Kodaikanal and Huancayo.
Determination of Sedimentary Thickness in the Shillong plateau by Microseisms
Authors: SAHA B. P.
Published: May 2022

The observed periods of microseisms of land origin recorded by short period Benioff seismograph at Shillong are used in an effort to make and estimate of the low velocity superficial sedimentary rock thickness in the Shillong plateau.  The estimate of thickness of the sedimentary layer if verified by some direct methods will provide an answer for the hypothesis that microsesmic periods are dependent on the structure of the crust.  The use of period characteristics on account of microseisms of land origin has a superiority over the use of microseisms of sea origin because the structure of the sedimentary crust in a continental area could be explored with much certainty as compared to the structure of the sea bed under the oceans.
Thunderstorms over Poona and the possible use of a Squall Index
Authors: TRIPATHI N.
Published: May 2022

Thunderstorms which occurred over Poona during the period 1946-51 have been separated into two classes, those associated with surface squalls equal to and above 30 mph and those thunderstorms with surface wind speeds less than 30 mph, Their relative frequencies in different seasons have been worked out. Various criteria that may be of importance in causing surface squalls in association with thunderstorms have been and examined, A parameter, representing the difference of temperature between the dry bulb at 800 mb and the  temperature of a saturated parcel of air in equilibrium with environment at 600 mb (the approximate freezing level) when brought down moist-adiabatically to the 800-mb level, which may be conveniently called a ‘Squall Index’ has been found to be significant in determining whether the thunderstorm of a particular day is likely to be associated with a strong squall or net.
Statistical study of maximum temperature at Poona with special reference to forecasting of weekly maximum temperature
Authors: RAGHAVENDRA V. K.
Published: May 2022

Seventy two years' maximum temperature data of Poona have been studied in this paper. The co-efficients of variability of mean monthly maximum temperatures have maxima in June and October, The frequency distribution of daily maximum temperature during April and May have been studied and found to be skew. The curved dz/dx=kzm (l-z)n has been fitted to the frequency distribution. The inter monthly correlations between the mean maximum temperatures have been found, The winter months are highly correlated, The interweekly correlation during that winter months have been calculated, The regression formulae for forecasting of weekly maximum temperature for the week Nos,46, 47,48,49, 50,51,52,1,2 and 3 of the Grower's year based on the weekly maximum temperatures of the preceding four weeks have been worked out, arid comparative diagrams are given. Also the frequency of spells months with mean maximum temperature above and  below the corresponding normal were worked out and the persistency of months of either type has been studied.
Spells of abnormally cold and hot days at Poona
Authors: SRINIVASAN T.R.
Published: May 2022

A fifty year record of daily maximum temperature during April and May and daily minimum temperatures during the period December and January at Poona is examined with reference to spells of abnormally hot weather in 8t1mmer and abnormally cold weather in winter. It is found that an empirical relationship of the form Sx =Kax holds good, where Sx is the frequency of a particular spell lasting for x days and K and a are the Parameters determinable from the data. This provides a means of assessing the chance of occurrence of a spell of particular length. The frequencies were also represented by the logarithmic series Sx= x/ix where Sx and x have the same notations as referred to &bove, 13 and, being determinable from the data. The results obtained by both the geometric series and the longarithmic stries are compared and discussed in the paper.
Variation of electrical potential gradient with height at Poona from 31 October to 2 November 1953
Authors: VENKITESHWARAN S.P. , HUDDAR B.B.
Published: May 2022

Variation of electrical potential gradient with height at Poona from 31 October to 2 November 1953
A comparative study of Geomagnetic and Ionospheric changes at Kodaikanal and Huancayo
Authors: SIVARAMAKRISHNAN M.V.
Published: May 2022

A study of geomagnetic field variations for five years, 1949 to 1953, and ionospheric changes during 1952-1954 at Kodaikanal reveals that Kodaikanal, situated year the geomagnetic equator shows more or less the same anomalous behaviour as Huancayo, The sudy shows. The abnormal, large range  in the horizontal intensity H during quiet days,(ii) No abnormality in H during geomagnetic disturbances, (iii) Amplitudes of S.C.’s during noon are greater near the geomagnetic equator than at stations further away from it (iv) A midday decrease of foF2 on quiet days (the bite-out effect), (v) Increase in the electron density of F2 layer with increase in geomagnetic activity conductive to better conditions for radio propagation, and (vi) Occurrence of the lunar stratification of the F2 layer and its disappearance at the lunar times 0700 and 1930 hours.
An analysis of the wave observations in the Arabian Sea
Authors: VENKATARAMAN K.S.
Published: May 2022

An analysis of the wave observations in the Arabian Sea
The aerodynamic resistance of tethered balloons
Authors: SAHA K. R.
Published: May 2022

Values of the co-efficient of aerodynamic resistance of tethered balloons almost spherical in shape, exposed to the natural wind, are presented. These are compared with the results of experiments on spheres conducted in the laboratory wind channel and in the open air and also with the results of experiments with pilot balloons rising freely in the open or still air. The resistance co-efficient of tethered balloons is found to decrease sharply with increasing Reynolds number to a value of about 0.24 at Reynolds number 0.8 x 105, then slowly to about 0.075 at Raynolds number 4.0 x 105, finally leveling out to a more or less constant value of 0.065 at Reynolds number 5.0 x 105 and beyond. The nature of the curve is studied in some detail and possible inaccuracies from excessive air turbulence, lack of sphericity and neglect of effect due to the weight and aerodynamic resistance of the thread are discussed.
The application of theory of tethered balloons to measurement of low level winds
Authors: SAHA K. R.
Published: May 2022

A theory of tethered balloons advanced by the author earlier (Saha '1956) for the determination of aerodynamic resistance 18 developed and applied to the measurement of low level winds up to an average height of about 350 ft above the ground. The effect of the supporting thread is discussed ill detail and the difficulty of taking the effect of the aerodynamic resistance of the thread in a variable wind distribution into a consistent theory is pointed out. An approximate solution is offered by assuming that the total resistance of the thread is the sum of the resistances of every 100 ft of the length released in a prevailing wind distribution. Certain assumptions are also made in regard to sag angle, the shape of the thread, the air density, the free lift and the diameter of the balloon ete. Winds computed from data of tethered balloon flights in accordance with the present method are compared with the results of pilot balloon flights taken almost simultaneously. Agreement is found to be fairly close and satisfactory. Divergence in a few cases may b~ due to the fact that in a turbulent atmosphere a tiny pilot balloon like the one used in the present experiments for its low rate of ascent cannot maintain its uniform rate of ascent as assumed and is liable to yield winds that are not quite dependable.
OCEAN CURRENTS OFF VISAKHAPATNAM
Authors: RAO C. POORNACHANDRA
Published: May 2022

OCEAN CURRENTS OFF VISAKHAPATNAM
Tổng hợp bộ điều khiển thích nghi trượt cho một lớp hệ Euler-Lagrange mimo có tham số thay đổi
Authors: Lê Văn Chương , Nguyễn Trung Kiên
Published: May 2022

Bài báo giới thiệu một phương pháp tổng hợp bộ điều khiển thích nghi trượt cho một lớp hệ Euler-Lagarance MIMO có tham số thay đổi. Chúng tôi thực hiện khai triển Taylor lớp hệ Euler-Lagarance MIMO thành dạng hệ phương trình trạng thái phi tuyến, có tính đến trường hợp có tham số thay đổi và chịu của nhiễu ngoài không đo được. Chúng tôi đề xuất phương pháp nhận dạng và bù trừ các thành phần thay đổi, nhiễu ngoài trên cơ sở lý thuyết điều khiển thích nghi và mạng nơ ron RBF làm cho hệ trở nên bất biến với các thành phần thay đổi bất định này. Luật điều khiển được chúng tôi xây dựng trên cơ sở điều khiển trượt. Kết quả nghiên cứu của bài báo thu được là bộ điều khiển thích nghi trượt có khả năng thích nghi, kháng nhiễu và có chất lượng điều khiển cao.
Failure load prediction of single-lap bonded joints by damage zone method
Authors: Truong Viet Hoai , Tran Duc Hoan  , Vu Minh Vinh  , Chu Van Huy
Published: May 2022

The failure load of single-lap bonded joints with dissimilar adherend materials was predicted using the damage zone method. A number of six joint configurations with different thicknesses of the adherends were considered. Three-dimensional finite element models were built to represent the behavior of the bonded joints, and the damage zone method was applied to predict the failure loads of the joints. The predictions of failure loads of the joints were achieved, showing a good agreement between the numerical and the corresponding experimental results.
Potential of some surfactant mixtures for production of eco-friendly detergents used in seawater
Authors: Le Duy Khanh , Nguyen Thi Nhung , Nguyen Le Tu Quynh , Nguyen Khanh Hoang Viet
Published: May 2022

Mixtures of surfactants are the most important ingredients which are combined to improve the application properties of liquid detergent. In this study, we evaluated the biological, chemical, and physical properties of various mixtures of anionic, non-ionic, and amphoteric surfactants. The results showed that the SAM5 formulation, consisting of SLES/AOS/CAPB and APG (70:15:5:10, w/w/w/w), was the highest cleaning effective in removing petroleum oily residues in seawater (94.78%). Among six formulations, SAM5 presented the best performance with highly foaming volume (335 mL), good foam stability (95.52%), and low surface tension (24.17 mN/m), readily biodegradable, and corrosion resistance ability. SAM5 formulation is used for further research and application in manufacturing a new liquid detergent used in seawater to remove petrolium oily residues.