bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
History of Arthroscopy and Knee Surgery in Turkey
Authors: Lök Veli
Published: August 2021

Arthroscopy is an innovative method used in the field of orthopedics to enter the joint by endoscopic method, to see, to take photos and to perform operations. Currently, arthroscopy functions in practice as diagnostic arthroscopy and arthroscopic surgery. The technological development and widespread use of arthroscopy, which is currently very advanced, has taken time. I tried to contribute to the initiation and development of arthroscopy studies in Turkey when I was working in Ege University Faculty of Medicine Orthopedics and Traumatology Clinic and in the “later period” of my professional life. Our aim is to briefly touch on the development of arthroscopy in the world and in Turkey from yesterday up to today, and also to share the information we have witnessed about arthroscopy in Turkey, emphasizing its importance especially in terms of patient and public health
Proximal Femur Metastasis Treatment With Fixation or Hip Replacement. Results of 47 Patients
Authors: Aydemir Selahaddin , Türemiş Cihangir , Havitcioğlu Hasan , Özkal Sermin , Balcı Ali , Hapa Onur
Published: August 2021

Objective: Purpose of the present study was to compare patients with proximal femur metastasis with actual or impending fractures who were treated by fixation or prosthetic hip replacement. Method: Twenty-seven patients underwent fixation treatment (IM nail, DHS), and 20 patients prosthetic (endoprosthesis or total hip arthroplasty) replacement. Data were analyzed regarding patient demographics, cancer type, localization and type of metastasis, actual or impending fracture, number of bone metastasis, presence of spinal or visceral metastasis and treatment data (ASA class, length of hospital stay or surgery or survival, cement usage, adjuvant treatment, postoperative walking status). Results: Fixation group (63 years) was younger than prosthesis group (70 years) (p: 0.03). Fixation was more preferred at subtrochanteric area (p˂0.001). Cementation of the lesion was more preferred and surgery time was longer at fixation group (p: 0.01). Greater number of complications (mostly medical) were more likely to be seen in the fixation group (6 ‘1 loosening’ vs 3 ‘1 dislocation’). Conclusion: It is not still clear whether one implant is clearly superior to other one, however it was revealed again that nailing was mostly preferred for the subtrochanteric area and tended to have more complications although mostly medical and unrelated to implant placement as previously reported
Impacto del teletrabajo y el aislamiento social en el estrés laboral: un diagnóstico preliminar para la Argentina
Authors: Moirano Regina , Ibarra Lisana , Riera Valentín , Baritoli Fausto
Published: August 2021

La pandemia afecta al mundo y el aislamiento social, preventivo y obligatorio modifica las relaciones laborales. Este artículo tiene por objetivo diagnosticar el estrés laboral de los trabajadores argentinos que han cambiado a modalidad de teletrabajo a raíz de la pandemia. Metodológicamente, para abordar el objetivo propuesto, se recolectan datos a partir de un cuestionario online cuyos encuestados se obtienen usando el método de muestreo de bola de nieve, entre mayo y junio de 2020. Se alcanza una muestra de 164 teletrabajadores. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los teletrabajadores consultados se autoperciben adaptados a costa de mayor desgaste, manifiestan síntomas físicos y psíquicos, y un alto nivel de agotamiento mental. Se releva un alto grado de  incertidumbre; especialmente entre quienes han sufrido disminución en sus ingresos y trabajan para organizaciones privadas y pequeñas. A la luz de los resultados, se propone un debate sobre las condiciones de los teletrabajadores.
Developing co-ordination for under 10 players
Authors: Farrell Peter , Van de Braam Merlin
Published: August 2021

Co-ordination is a key physical skill in tennis along with others such as speed, agility and the ability to produce power. Whilst some of these attributes are essential to play tennis well, good co-ordination is necessary to play tennis at all. This article takes a closer look at co-ordination and the five sub-components that underpin it; orientation, differentiation, balance, reaction and rhythm. The aim of this article is to provide coaches with ideas for exercises and drill variations to help develop capable and co-ordinated athletes for the future. The exercises in this article are taken from the book “Tennis Co-ordination Exercises”, written by the first author.
The foundations of learning - A fresh perspective on common coaching methodologies
Authors: Wilson David
Published: August 2021

Preparing players for elite competition requires a commitment to ongoing training and competition, both of which are underpinned by the knowledge a player has of the techniques/tactics necessary for success. The manner in which we teach these skills is crucial in determining the likely outcome when a player is tested under competition conditions. “Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication” Leonardo Da Vinci.
Changes in mood states during the preparation period of the world’s top junior tennis player
Authors: Novak Dario , Cirkovic Tijana
Published: August 2021

Conditioning preparation plays a key role in tennis. However, conditioning is usually marked by a fairly large training volume. Early identification of youth tennis players with serious emotional disorders is critical for avoiding overtraining. In the present study we investigated the changes in mood states during the preparation period of a top junior tennis player. The Brunel Mood Scale, consisting of 6 subscales with a 5-point rating scale to assess levels of mood states was used at 8 PM each night, and then again the following morning (8 AM). It can be concluded that specific mood factors increase and decrease in accordance with alterations in training intensity and period of the day.
Resilience in tennis players with varying disabilities
Authors: Agustina Viola María , Vicente Yanina
Published: August 2021

This paper intends to demonstrate that tennis players with different abilities have high levels of resilience, as well as a great number of other benefits, and, to encourage resilience while keeping this in mind.
Establishing a game-plan
Authors: Rive Joey , Williams Scott
Published: August 2021

This article discusses the importance of a clear game plan when approaching match play. It describes each phase of the game planning process from prioritising game styles to evaluating matches as well as how to put the game plan into action with the ability to be flexible when change occurs
Family Planning: A Fundamental Right of Women
Authors: Dahiya Heaven
Published: August 2021

Family planning is not only a matter of human rights; it is also central to women’s empowerment, reducing poverty and achieving sustainable development.
-Dr. Natalia Kanem, Executive Director, UNFPA

Family planning is considered a development “best buy” and a life-saving intervention for millions of women and girls. Family Planning 2020 (FP2020) a collaboration at the international level with the help of the UN Global Strategy for Women’s, Children’s and Adolescents’ Health. FP2020: Women at the Center recognizes the rights of women and girls to choose openly whether and when they want to have babies. In order to promote family planning, it is essential for women and couples to ensure access to preferred contraceptive methods to secure one’s well-being and autonomy of women, while supporting the health and development of communities.

Keywords: Family Planning, Fundamental, Right, Women.
Importance of Pre Operative Pulmonary Function Test to Predict Risk of Pulmonary Complications after Abdominal Surgery- An Evidence Based Study
Authors: Patel Krupa Pareshbhai , Bhise Anjali
Published: August 2021

Background: Spirometry is a universal, simple, and non-invasive pulmonary function test. Spirometry, along with calculation of the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC), is helpful for diagnosing obstructive or restrictive lung disease. Postoperative Pulmonary Complications are defined as unintended pulmonary abnormalities that occur as a result of surgery which cause identifiable dysfunction.
Purpose: To find the evidence showing the importance of pre-operative PFT to predict risk of pulmonary complications after abdominal surgery
Methodology: The study was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis guidelines. Evidences selected since year 2002- 2020 from PubMed, Google Scholar, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), ResearchGate and ScienceDirect. Key words used were: Pulmonary Function Tests, Post-Operative Pulmonary Complications, and Abdominal Surgery. Analysis was done using 2 scales: Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Levels of Evidence Scale. Total 12 articles were found. Among them 10 were selected.
Results: 5 articles showed that preoperative PFT is important in prediction of PPCs while the other half concluded that routine preoperative spirometry is not necessary before non-thoracic surgeries.
Conclusion: Based on evidences, in the nutshell it is reviewed that there is controversy regarding the value of preoperative pulmonary functions test in non-thoracic surgeries.

Keywords: Pulmonary Function Tests, Post-Operative Pulmonary Complications, and Abdominal Surgery
Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR): A Novel Genomic Modifying Technique
Authors: Wachapatthana Ungkarit , Thanupran Tanat
Published: August 2021

In a way akin to how technological advancements involving molecular and biological science rapidly developed during the last decade, CRISPR, a newly found genomic modifying technique, quickly gained the attention of the scientific community. This paper aims to provide a fundamental understanding of CRISPR technology by reviewing articles from several journals, consisting of general information about CRISPR technology, process, advantages, limitations, and comparisons with other technologies. This recent technology drastically altered the boundaries of genetic engineering-most notably due to its outstanding flexibility of gRNA modification, as demonstrated by the work of the two Nobel Prize award-winning scientists Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer A. Doudna. From the journals that had been reviewed, this paper presents that the CRISPR-Cas9 is one of the most efficient tools for genetic engineering in our modern world because of its incredible potential to perform genetic material modification in a wide range of patients with greater efficiency, versatility, and accuracy than before, all the while being more cost-effective. Additionally, since significant research and newfound knowledge related to genetic science was made possible from the discovery of this CRISPR technology, the possibility of CRISPR-Cas9 treatment in patients-particularly to combat congenital genetic diseases-would become a horizon that is within the reach of humanity’s hands.

Keywords: genomic modifying technique, CRISPR technology, genetic engineering, congenital genetic disease, genetic material modification.
Relationship Capital Knowledge about Developmental Cognitive Development Toddlers with a Toddler in Puskesmas Mungkajang Palopo
Authors: . Santi , Gafur Abdul
Published: August 2021

Quality of a child can be assessed by process of development. The development is one of the indicators in monitoring the health of child. Child development includes social personal development, motor, coarse language, and fine motor skills. It is estimated that more than 200 million children in developing countries fail to reach their optimal development potential due to poverty, malnutrition, or an unsupportive environment, which affects children's cognitive, motor, emotional, and social development.
This study aims to determine the relationship between mother's knowledge about growth and development of toddlers with cognitive development of toddlers in the working area of ​​Mungkajang Health Center, Palopo city. The research design used a cross sectional study. The number of samples is 82 people.
The results of the study using the test chi-square showed that the p-value = 0.000 was smaller than the value of = 0.05, which means that there is a relationship between mother's knowledge about growth and development of toddlers and cognitive development of toddlers in the working area of ​​Mungkajang Public Health Center, Palopo City.
It is recommended for parents to always increase knowledge about child development so that children's cognitive development can be maximized.

Keywords: Knowledge of Growth and Development; Cognitive Development; Toddler
Verfassungswidriger Ausschluss der Medien von einem Mordprozess
Authors: Zeller Franz
Published: August 2021

Das Bundesgericht hat in einem richtungsweisenden Entscheid die Schutzansprüche von Opfern
und Jugendlichen gegen die verfassungsrechtlichen Garantien der Justizöffentlichkeit, der Medienfreiheit und der
Informationsfreiheit abgewogen. Dabei hält es fest, die vollständige Geheimhaltung eines Gerichtsurteils verstosse
selbst beim Vorliegen gewichtiger Interessen gegen das Gebot der Justizöffentlichkeit. Die Bekanntgabe eines Urteils
kann zwar in anonymisierter und gekürzter Form erfolgen, dabei ist aber der Zweck der Gerichtsöffentlichkeit, die
Justizkontrolle, zu beachten. Dieser lässt sich nicht erreichen, wenn das Gericht lediglich den Urteilsspruch bekannt-
gibt. Verlangt ist eine angemessene Begründung. Dazu gehört in Straffällen die Erläuterung der Beweggründe für
einen Schuldspruch und die Sanktion. Ein Ausschluss der Medien von der Hauptverhandlung sei „nur sehr restriktiv“
zulässig.
Predicting peritoneal contamination with enterobacteria producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and choosing empirical antibacterial therapy for postoperative peritonitis in cancer patients
Authors: Shishlo I. F. , Krasny S. A. , Dolgina Yu. N.
Published: August 2021

Relevance: Enterobacteriaceae family microorganisms, specifically E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates, are the most common activators of postoperative peritonitis in oncology. Many of these microorganisms produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL). The deemed resistance of ESBL-producing enterobacteria to all β-lactam antibiotics, except for carbapenems, leads to the ineffectiveness of empiric antibiotic therapy.
The purpose of the study was to define the risk factors of peritoneal contamination with ESBL-producing enterobacteria
for choosing optimal empirical antibacterial therapy on the example of a specific cancer patient with postoperative peritonitis.
Results: Independent risk factors of peritoneal contamination with ESBL-producing enterobacteria included “the administration of antibiotics for more than three days” (OR 106, 95% CI 21.0-537, p<0.001), “two or more repeated laparotomies” (OR 2.66, 95% CI 1.32-5.34, p=0.006), and “postoperative preventive antibiotic treatment” (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.04-0.75, p=0.02). The obtained prognostic model allowed predicting the infection with ESBL-producing enterobacteria before establishing the postoperative peritonitis microbial etiology. The model sensitivity was 94.7%, overall predictive accuracy was 73.1. Conclusion: Prolonged administration of antibiotics (3rd-generation cephalosporins and/or fluoroquinolones) after cancer surgery to prevent surgical infections is the main independent risk factor of peritoneal contamination with ESBL- producing enterobacteria.
Combined application of ammonium nitrate and goat manure: Effects on soil nutrients availability, Okra performance and sustainable food security
Authors: Mukhtar Iderawumi ABDULRAHEEM  , Sulaimon Abidemi LAWAL
Published: August 2021

Many see organic agriculture as the most sustainable form of farming and as the paradigm for global food production in the future. One of the solutions to food insecurity and malnutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa is to promote local crops, encourage the use of locally source materials as amendment, improve their traditional system of production, and so diversify subsistence crop. The major reasons are the lack of knowledge and skill in land preparation and agronomic practices, weather uncertainties, pest outbreak and above all the use of fertilizer. Hence, this research will be carried out to investigate the effects of integrated application of Urea fertilizer and Goat Manure on soil Nutrient Availability and Okra performance. Field trials were conducted with four treatments replicated three times in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The treatments were Control (no Urea, no goat manure), 8t/ha-1 goat manure + 200kg/ha-1 urea fertilizer; 8t/ha-1 goat manure + 175kg/ha-1 urea fertilizer and 8t/ha-1 goat manure + 150kg/ha-1 urea fertilizer. Treatments were applied three weeks after planting by ring method with Urea and goat manure mixed. Soil physical and chemical properties, growth and yield parameters were evaluated. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan Multiple Range. 8t/ha-1 goat manure + 200kg/ha-1 urea fertilizer gave the highest plant height, leaf area as well as number of leaves than other treatment. However, the fruits weight, days of 50% flowering, number of fruit, fruits diameter and fruits length were significantly increased at 8t/ha-1 goat manure + 200kg/ha-1 urea fertilizer.
Islam, Globalism and Globalisation
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Adil
Published: August 2021

This thought paper provides a general overview of globalisation, its interaction with Islamic civilisation and emerging issues. The paper intends to identify and analyse the impact of globalisation on Islamic civilisation in various spheres of life including social, cultural, political, educational, religious, and economic. This is particularly crucial in the contemporary period of tension between Islam and the West due to numerous reasons. This paper will contribute to understanding and evaluation of the prevailing situation including the impact of Fourth Industrial Revolution. This paper will assist in understanding the challenges of globalisation and their consequences for Islamic civilisation, so, an idea about the way forward which is best for solving or effectively addressing these challenges, can be achieved.
Lo efímero interminable: pinturas de José Luis Feliciano
Authors: Saavedra Édgar
Published: August 2021

Obra Gráfica
A Culturally Relevant Picture Book for Children’s Early Literacy
Authors: Kurnia Rita
Published: August 2021

This research aimed at designing a picture book which is based on local folktales to support children’s early literacy. With observation and one group pre-test post-test experimental design, the main field test was carried out to a total of 120 preschool children aged 5 and 6 years old. Of the total, 43 children were chosen as the control group, while the other 77 children were as the experimental group. An independent sample t-test was used to determine the score difference between the two groups. The findings show that there is an improvement in reading readiness among the experimental group. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of the local folktale picture book developed in this study can give a positive impact on children’s early reading development. The implication of this study is expected to shed light on the importance of local culture in children language development.
The Determinant for Choice of Delivery Method in Indonesia 2018
Authors: Ashar Hadi , Kusrini Ina , Asturiningtyas Ika Puspita , Fuada Noviati , Murwani dan Arita
Published: August 2021

Pregnancy complications become one of the considerations in choosing a delivery method. Choosing the appropriate delivery method will save the mother and baby from mortality threat. This analysis is aimed to know how the relationship between the maternal characteristics with pregnancy complication and the choice of delivery method, such as caesarean section surgery procedure. This study is an advanced analysis of Riskesdas data 2018, using married women of childbearing age between 10 – 54 years old as the population, while the sample is whom they gave birth and became the Riskesdas sample in 2018 as much as 78,736. The chosen variables for this study are the maternal characteristics and the pregnancy complications as the independent variables, and the choice of delivery method as the dependent variable. This study shows that the maternal characteristics such as age, education, occupation and pregnancy complications also the source of labor cost related to the choice of delivery method with p-value 0.00. Mothers who have a pregnancy complication tend to do a caesarean section delivery process 9.4 bigger than who do not have any. Based on the result, it can be concluded that the maternal characteristics such as age, education, occupation, source of labor cost and the pregnancy complication are related to the choice of the delivery method in Indonesia in 2018.
Diagnostic Accuracy of HRCT Chest in Detection of Covid-19 Infection Taking PCR as Gold Standard
Authors: Ali Afaque , Shaikh Majid , . Ahsanullah , Ahmed Adeel , Sahito Abid Ali , Kumari Sharni
Published: August 2021

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) chest in detection of covid-19 infection taking PCR as gold standard. Study Design: Cross-sectional study Setting: Radiology department of Tabba Hospital, Karachi. Duration: From March 2019 to September 2020 Material and Methods: All the clinically suspected patients of covid-19, of any age, both genders and those referred to radiology for High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) chest to detect the covid-19 infection were included. After two days, patients’ PCR reports were collected from the ward, after taking informed consent and permission from head of department. The diagnostic accuracy of HRCT was established with respect to sensitivity, PPV, NPV, and specificity by taking PCR as gold standard. All the information was collected via study proforma. Results: Total 70 patients suspected for COVID-19 were studied, and the patients’ mean age was 58.23±9.52 years. Males were in majority 54(77.1%). As per HRCT findings, COVID-19 infection was positive in 46 patients, however, 48 patients were detected positive for COVID-19 infection as per PCR findings. In the detection of COVID-19 infection, HRCT chest showed sensitivity of 91%, specificity of 90%, PPV of 83%, NPV of 84% and diagnostic accuracy of 94%; by taking PCR as gold standard. Conclusion: High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is a reliable diagnostic approach in promptly detecting the COVID-19; with 91% sensitivity, 90% specificity, 83% positive predictive value, 84% negative predictive value and 94% diagnostic accuracy. Keywords: Accuracy, HRCT, COVID-19
Evaluation of the effectiveness of low-frequency magnetotherapy in the rehabilitation of patients with pneumonia caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus (the causative agent of COVID-19)
Authors: Larinskiy Nikolay , Larinskaya Irina , Byalovskiy Yuriy , Glotov Sergey , Shakhanov Anton
Published: August 2021

The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the low-frequency magnetic therapy with a "running" magnetic field in medical rehabilitation after COVID-19 pneumonia. Materials and research methods: The study included 42 patients (24 men and 18 women) aged 40 to 65 years, who had pneumonia (J16.8) caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The first group included 22 patients who received standard drug therapy and starting from the 20th day after discharge from the hospital, this group of patients received low-frequency magnetotherapy with a “running” pulsed magnetic field of the ALMAG-02 apparatus. The second group included 20 patients who received the same treatment, except for magnetotherapy. Results: The course of rehabilitation measures carried out led to an increase in the functional capabilities of the cardio-respiratory system in patients of both groups, an increase in chest excursions, an increase in the vital capacity of the lungs, the normalization of the act of breathing and ventilation of the lungs, and an improvement in the psychosomatic status of patients. In the main group, these changes are more pronounced than in the control group, which is associated with the inclusion in the complex treatment of low-frequency magnetotherapy with a “running” pulsed magnetic field. Conclusion: The use of low-frequency magnetic therapy with a "running" pulsed magnetic field in the complex of rehabilitation measures for patients who have suffered from COVID-19 pneumonia significantly improves the somatic status of patients, increases exercise tolerance, and optimizes the function of external respiration. Keywords: magnetotherapy, COVID-19, pneumonia
Effect of universal adhesive on shear bond strength of metal bracket to enamel and dental amalgam
Authors: Alavi Shiva , Gharibpour Fateme
Published: August 2021

background: the bond strength of bracket to the tooth substrate is a critical matter. The different surface treatments are introduced to achieve an appropriate bond strength. We aimed to investigate the shear bond strength(SBS) of metal brackets to amalgam surfaces with universal adhesive and compared the results with the enamel group. Material and methods: in this in-vitro study, eighty specimens of amalgam in four groups and sixty specimens of the enamel in three groups were prepared. In amalgam groups, the control group was sandblasted and treated with transbond Xt whilst the other three groups prepared in the following order, group 2 sandblasted and treated with All Bond Universal(ABU), group 3 using diamond bur and ABU, and group 4 using self-etch mode of ABU. In enamel groups, control group was acid-etched and using transbond XT as a primer; in other two groups, the ABU was used as a primer in etched and self-etched mode. The specimens thermocycled and prepared for the SBS test. SEM analysis and ARI index were performed. pvalue≤ was considered significantly. Results: SBS of enamel was significantly higher than amalgam. Within enamel groups, etched with ABU showed the highest SBS. In amalgam group, the highest SBS was related to surface treated with ABU only, and the lowest SBS was related to diamond bur group. Conclusion: The etched surface of enamel showed the appropriate bond strength to bracket, and in the amalgam group, using mechanical preparation can decrease the oxide layer and compromise amalgam SBS. Keywords: Dental amalgam, Enamel, shear strength, Adhesive
Studying the induction effect of different mouse neck scaffolds on the behavior of Mouse Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell
Authors: Ganjavi Mohamadkazem , Eslaminejad Mohamadreza Baghaban , Shahri Nasser Mahdavi-
Published: August 2021

Objective: Studying the behavior of mesenchymal stem cells is important for understanding some physiological and pathological processes as well as long-term preservation of these cells in vitro. The neck area of mouse contains a wide variety of different organs and tissues and extracellular matrices. In the present study, the interaction of mouse bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) with mouse neck scaffolds was performed in order to have a better understanding of the behavior of mesenchymal stem cells. Materials and methods: The neck areas of 9 two-week-old Syrian mice were cut into pieces with 4 mm thickness. Decellularization process was carried through snap freeze-thaw cycles followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) treatments. After confirmation of acellularization through histological studies and DNA extraction process, scaffolds were co-cultured with mouse (BM-MSCs) up to 21 days, in vitro. Results: As indicated by histological studies and scanning of electron microscopy, stem cells migrate into the cartilage scaffold on third, seventh and fourteenth days of culture. Stem cells were divided on these days. On the fourteenth day of culture, migration to epidermal and blood vascular scaffolds was also observed. On the twenty-first day of culture, cells were observed only in the cartilage scaffold, while showing morphological differentiation. Conclusion: As indicated by the results of the present study, mouse neck scaffold, due to its diverse extracellular matrices, is a suitable structure for studying some cellular behaviors such as migration, cell division and cell differentiation. However, more molecular studies are needed to determine the extent of this differentiation. Keywords: Natural scaffold, Cell behaviors, Cell-matrix interaction, Experimental model scaffolding, mouse neck area
Non-fatal firearm injuries, Incidence and Circumstances: Presenting in DHQ Hospital Rawalpindi
Authors: Murad Tasneem , Shabir Sheeba , Saleem Khurram , Shehzad Yasir , Ain Noor ul , Zahra Sadaf
Published: August 2021

Objective: To describe the incidence and manner of nonfatal firearm injuries in Rawalpindi District Study design: Observational retrospective study Place and Duration: District Head Quarters Hospital Rawalpindi. Duration of 6 months, from July 2020 to Dec 2020. Methodology: Total 82 patients with nonfatal firearm injuries were included. After approval from ERC committee of DHQ Hospital Rawalpindi, data was obtained from the duplicate copies of medicoleagal reports kept at the Forensic Medicine department t of IIMCT. These reports were carried out by cross ponding author and the demonstrators of Forensic Medicine department of IIMCT. The data was entered on a pre-designed Performa having variables such as demographics, time & place of death, region of body involved, weapon used & month of the year. Results: A total of 82 nonfatal firearm injuries were reported during these 6 months. 87% of the victims of were males encountering injuries 1 to 11 in number with an average of 3 injuries per person. 3o% of these injuries were received on the upper trunk, 32% on the lower trunk, 16% the lower limbs, 13% the upper limb, 3% the head and neck and 6% on the other regions. 68% of the injuries were lacerations, an exit wound was detected in 19% of cases and in 13% only entry wounds were found. Tattooing and burning of the adjacent skin were common in wounds on the upper and lower trunk while comminuted intra articular and shaft fractures were important varieties in the limbs. 86% of the victims were vitally stable, others being critically unstable with GCS ranging till 6/15. Conclusion: The public health issue of firearm-related injuries continues to be a concern. The necessity for a district-based, nationwide reporting system for fatal and nonfatal firearm-related injuries is critical. In Pakistan, these data could be used in the design, implementation, and assessment of preventative programs. Key words: Non fatal, Firearm injuries, Regional injuries
أثر التقنيات الحديثة في التعليم على تدريس مادة التكنولوجيا على المعلم والطالب في مدارس محافظة طولكرم
Authors: عاهد ابو خميس ليال , عدنان اصليح دانا , كمال سلمان وفاء
Published: August 2021

هدفت الدراسة إلى معرفة درجة استخدام التقنيات الحديثة في تدريس مادة التكنولوجيا في مدارس محافظة طولكرم، والتعرف على الفروقات في تقدير معلمي التكنولوجيا لاستخدام التقنيات الحديثة لتسهيل عملية التدريس تبعا لمتغيرات الدراسة (الجنس، المؤهل العلمي، سنوات الخدمة، جهة العمل، مستوى المدرسة، التخصص ). وفي ضوء طبيعة الدارسة والبيانات المراد الحصول عليها استخدمت الباحثات المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، حيث قامت الباحثات باختيار مجتمعين للدراسة حيث كان المجتمع الاول تكون من معلمي ومعلمات التكنولوجيا من الصف الخامس الاساسي الى الصف الثاني ثانوي في المدارس التابعة لمحافظة طولكرم ولتحقيق ذلك اجريت الدراسة على عينة عشوائية قوامها (46) معلما ومعلمة، المجتمع الثاني طلاب المدارس في محافظة طولكرم من الصف العاشر وحتى الصف الثاني عشر (بجميع فروعة)، ولتحقيق ذلك اجريت الدراسة على عينة طبقية قوامها (950) طالبا وطالبة. أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن الدرجة الكلية لأثر استخدام التقنيات الحديثة في التعلم من وجهة نظر المعلم كانت قليلة حيث بلغت النسبة المئوية الكلية لمتوسط استجابات المفحوصين على جميع الفقرات لجميع المجالات (51.9%)، وبلغت الدرجة الكلية لاستخدام التقنيات الحديثة في التعلم  (47.7%) وهي بدرجة قليلة جدا، وأوصت الباحثات بعدة توصيات من أهمها، ضرورة تدريب معلمي مادة التكنولوجيا على استخدام التقنيات التعليمية الحديثة وخاصة التعليم الالكتروني والوسائط المتعددة وجعلها كجزء أساسي في تحقيق أهداف الدروس المختلفة، وضرورة وجود اختصاصي تقنيات تعليمية خاصة في كل مدرسة.
أثر استخدام أسلوب الاكتشاف الموجه على بعض المهارات الحياتية لدى طلبة الصف السابع الأساسي
Authors: خالد الحايك صادق , عمر السوطري حسن
Published: August 2021

هدفت هذه الدراسة التعرف إلى تأثير استخدام أسلوب الاكتشاف الموجه على بعض المهارات الحياتية (التواصل، اتخاذ القرار، حل المشكلات، العمل الجماعي، الروح القيادية، تحمل المسؤولية، الثقة بالنفس، حل النزاعات وتقبل الاختلاف) لطلبة الصف السابع الأساسي في مديريات محافظة العاصمة عمان، اشتملت العينة على (40) طالبا وطالبة تكونت المجموعة الأولى من (20) طالبا تم اختيارهم بالطريقة العشوائية من طلاب الصف السابع الأساسي من مدرسة بلال بن رباح الأساسية للبنين/ مديرية التربية والتعليم عمان الرابعة أما المجموعة الثانية تكونت من (20) طالبة تم اختيارهن عشوائيا من طالبات الصف السابع الأساسي من مدرسة أسيا الثانوية للبنات/ مديرية التربية والتعليم عمان الثالثة، استخدمت المجموعتان أسلوب الاكتشاف الموجه، تم استخدام برنامجا تعليميا في المهارات الأساسية في الكرة الطائرة دمج فيه بعض المهارات الحياتية قيد الدراسة، تكون البرنامج من ثمانية  وحدات تعليمية في أسلوب الاكتشاف الموجه تم تطبيقها بواقع حصتين أسبوعيا وزعت على أربعة أسابيع، واستخدم الباحث المتوسطات والنسب المئوية والانحرافات المعيارية واختبار (ت)، وأظهرت النتائج وجود  فروق دالة إحصائيا بين القياسات القبلية والبعدية لصالح القياسات البعدية، وأظهرت النتائج الخاصة بالفروق بين القياسات البعدية بين الطلاب والطالبات إلى وجود فروق دالة إحصائيا لصالح الطلاب في المهارات الحياتية (التواصل، اتخاذ القرار، تحمل المسؤولية، الثقة بالنفس) ولصالح الطالبات في محور(الروح القيادية)، بينما لم تظهر فروق دالة إحصائيا على المهارات الحياتية (حل المشكلات، العمل الجماعي، حل النزاعات وتقبل الاختلاف).
مدى ملاءمة تطبيق نظام الحكم المحلي أو الإدارة المحلية في الواقع الفلسطيني من وجهة نظر مدراء وزارة الحكم المحلي
Authors: عبد القادر حسين , علاونه مروان
Published: August 2021

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على أسلوب الحكم الإداري المناسب تطبيقه على الهيئات المحلية الفلسطينية، من خلال التعرّف على مدى تحقيق نظام الحكم المحلي الحالي لأهداف وغايات الهيئات المحلية بكفاءة وفاعلية، والتعرف على المزايا والخصائص التي يمكن أن يوفرها نظام الإدارة المحلية إذا ما طبق على الهيئات المحلية الفلسطينية، وكذلك التعرّف على مدى إمكانية إتخاذ القرار بتغيير النظام الحالي إلى نظام الإدارة المحلية، لذلك أعد الباحث إستبانة لمعرفة الأسلوب المناسب للحكم لتطبيقه على الحالة الفلسطينية، حيث اشتملت على محورين أولهما: تطبيق نظام الحكم المحلي ليحقق أهداف وغايات الهيئات المحلية بكفاءة وفاعلية، وثانيهما: العوائق التي تقف حائلاً أمام إمكانية اتخاذ قرار بتغيير النظام الحالي إلى نظام الإدارة المحلية. إستخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي الذي يهتم بدراسة الظاهرة على أرض الواقع بإستخدام أسلوب الإستبانة لمعرفة آراء المبحوثين وقد وزعت (102) إستبانة على مدراء وزارة الحكم المحلي عينة الدراسة، وجمعت الإستبانة بنسبة (80%) وأستخدم برنامج الرزم الإحصائية (SPSS) لتحليلها والمعالجة الإحصائية التي شملت الوسط الحسابي والانحراف المعياري والنسب المئوية وتحليل التباين الأحادي. أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أهمية إتخاذ قرار بتغيير نظام الحكم المحلي إلى نظام الإدارة المحلية لما له من مميزات في تقديم الخدمات للسكان بكفاءة وفاعلية مع ضرورة تغيير القانون الحالي الخاص بالهيئات المحلية ليلاءم تطبيق نظام الإدارة المحلية، وخلُصت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من التوصيات التي من شأنها رفع مكانة الهيئات المحلية في المجتمع الفلسطيني لتلبي حاجات ورغبات المجتمع المحلي وتوسيع قاعدة المشاركة الشعبية في الهيئات المحلية
Wind Energy Potential in Nine Coastal Sites in Malaysia
Authors: Sopian Kamaruzzaman , Khatib Tamer
Published: August 2021

In this paper, the wind energy potential in Malaysia is examined by analyzing hourly wind speed data for nine coastal sites namely Bintulu, Kota Kinabalu, Kuala Terengganu, Kuching, Kudat, Mersing, Sandakan, Tawau and Pulau Langkawi. The monthly averages of wind speed and wind energy are calculated. Moreover, the wind speed distribution histogram is constructed for these sites. The results showed that the average wind speed for these sites is in the range of (1.8-2.9) m/s while the annual energy of the wind hitting a wind turbine with a 1 m2 swept area is in the range of (15.4-25.2) kWh/m2.annum. This paper provides a data bank for wind energy for Malaysia.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Fluoride in Groundwater Using Complexes of Flavonoid Chrysin
Authors: Barghouthi Zaher , Amereih Sameer , Khayat Saed
Published: August 2021

A simple spectrophotometric method is developed for determination of fluoride in drinking water by using complexes of chrysin. The method is based on the reaction of the coloured complexes with fluoride where its colour changes, due to the formation of the colourless fluoride complex and liberating of the free ligand, is dependent on the concentration of fluoride in water samples. The molar absorptivity for the complexes at the wavelength of maximum absorption in the visible region, 371 nm is 2.75 × 103 L mol-1 cm-1. The method allows a reliable determination of fluoride in the range 0.3─3.0 mg L-1 which is compatible to WHO limit value of 1.5 mg L-1. The sensitivity, detection limit, quantitation limit, and correlation coefficient for the method were found to be 0.211 μg mL-1, 0.1 mg L-1, 0.3 mg L-1, and 0.9914 respectively. The percentage recovery of 1.5 mg L-1 fluoride is 101.3.
Multivariate data analysis for bioremediation of contaminated soil through Interactions between heavy metals, microbes and plants
Authors: Natsheh Basel , Abu-Khalaf Nawaf , Sayara Tahseen , Khayat Saed , Salman Mazen
Published: August 2021

Plant-assisted bioremediation (phytoremediation) is a promising technique for in-situ remediation of contaminated soils. Enhancement of phytoremediation processes requires a sound understanding of the complex interactions in the rhizosphere. This work presents a Pot experiment was conducted under green house conditions to test the effect of fungal inoculation on remediating heavy metal (HM) contaminated soil treated with sewage effluent for several years. Canola crop was used as accumulator plants. Results demonstrated that the dry matter yield of tested crops were significantly higher in soil irrigated for 50 years with sewage effluent than that in 20 years sewage effluent irrigated soil. Metal uptake and accumulation in different plant parts (shoot and root) was enhanced after inoculation with Aspergillus parasiticus (F1) and Fusarium oxysporum (F2). The reate of HM accumulation as higher in in soil treated irrigated sewage effluent for 50 years than that in 20 years sewage irrigated soil.
Visible/Near infrared (VIS/NIR) spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis (MVDA) for identification and quantification of olive leaf spot (OLS) disease
Authors: Abu-Khalaf Nawaf , Salman Mazen
Published: August 2021

Early detection of plant disease requires usually elaborating methods techniques and especially when symptoms are not visible. Olive Leaf Spot (OLS) infecting upper surface of olive leaves has a long latent infection period. In this work, VIS/NIR spectroscopy was used to determine the latent infection and severity of the pathogens. Two different classification methods were used, Partial Least Squared-Discrimination Analysis (PLS-DA) (linear method) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) (non-linear). SVM-classification was able to classify severity levels 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 with classification rates of 94, 90, 73, 79, 83 and 100%, respectively The overall classification rate was about 86%. PLS-DA was able to classify two different severity groups (first group with severity 0, 1, 2, 3, and second group with severity 4, 5), with a classification rate greater than 95%. The results promote further researches, and the possibility of evaluation OLS in-situ using portable VIS/NIR devices.
Detection and Quantification of Adulteration in Olive Oil using a UV- Spectrophotometric Method
Authors: Amereih Sameer , Barghouthi Zaher
Published: August 2021

A simple spectrophotometric method for detection and quantification of adulteration of olive oil with sunflower, corn and soybean oils was developed. This was done by measuring the characteristics of the absorption bands between 200 and 400 nm. It was found that max absorbance frequencies related to conjugated diene and triene systems which characterize the chemical composition of sunflower, corn and soybean refined oils was a wave length 268 nm. In order to quantify the adulteration; synthetic mixtures were made by 0.5%, 1%, 5%, 25%, 50% and 75% percents for each of the sunflower, corn and soybean oil in olive oil and the absorbance of each solution was measured at 268 nm against isooctane as a blank. Calibration curves were constructed and rational equations were obtained enabling detection and quantification of adulteration. The minimum detectable present of the examined oils in olive oil was 0.5%. This amount is very acceptable since blow it adulteration will be useless without any meaning.
Role of Overwintering Forms of Erysiphe necator in Epidemiology of Grapevine Powdery Mildew in Palestinian Vineyards
Authors: Abuamsha Ruba , Hajjeh Hajaj , Salman Mazen
Published: August 2021

The overwintering modes of E. necator were studied on Palestinian vineyards, through observations on the differentiation and maturation of cleistothecia and on the occurrence of flag-shoots (deriving from overwintering mycelium) in vineyards. Field surveys were carried out in 17 vineyards for the presence of Flag shoots and cleistothecia, both forms were not observed. Genetic structure and composition of E. necator populations were investigated by application of already available SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Region) primers specific for the "flag-shoot" and "ascospore" biotypes. These primers were used to evaluate the dynamics of the spatial and temporal distribution of the two biotypes, into fungal populations present in 8 vineyards, with different cultivars and spray histories, in various Palestinian districts (Hebron, Bethlehem, Jerusalem, Ramallah, Jericho, Nablus, Jenin, Tulkarm). 397 samples were analyzed by the uses of the primer pairs UnE-UnF in PCR reactions. All samples were found to be of the ascospore biotypes. This finding shows that the “flag shoot” biotype, appears soon after bud breaking and disappears later, while the “ascospore” biotype is more frequently associated to later infections and bunches damages. Such information would be helpful to understand the reasons underlying possible temporal evolution of the pathogen's populations in vineyards, and can have important implications for powdery mildew rationale control strategies.
The effect of local fungicides on conidial germination of Spilocaea oleagina in Palestine
Authors: Salman Mazen , Jawabreh Mohammad , Abu Rumaileh Basima
Published: August 2021

Olive leaf spot (OLS) disease or peacock disease is caused by the fungus Spilocaea oleagina, it is the most destructive disease on olive trees in most regions of Palestine. The disease is controlled by application of copper containing fungicides. Currently, there are more than 20 different fungicides sold in the Palestinian market. The efficacy of these fungicides was not tested on OLS in Palestine. The aim of this work was to test the efficacy of three major fungicides used against the disease. Fungicide solutions containing Fungran, Copper Antracol, and Kocide®101 were prepared by dissolving 0.5 g of each in 200 ml distilled water (DW) according to manufacturer instruction. Five leaves infected with OLS were soaked in each solution for 30 min. Control leaves were placed in 200 ml DW. Leaves were then placed in 9 cm petri dishes containing 3 ml DW to provide high humidity (> 85%). Each day, one leaf was removed, washed in DW and cut into one-cm2 pieces. Leaf pieces holding OLS conidia were printed on olive leaf extract agar media. Results showed that after 24h of fungicide treatment, Kocide®101 was the most effective fungicide followed by Copper Antracol and Fungran with percent conidial germination 2.08, 2.9 and 25.5%, respectively. Interestingly, Fungran efficacy after 48h (2.8% germination) was higher but not significantly different than Kocide®101 and Copper Antracol. This study showed that the efficacy of the three commonly used fungicides against OLS disease in Palestine diminished after four days of treatment. Further studies are needed to test the efficacy of these fungicides under field conditions for a better control planning of peacock disease in Palestine.
أثر أزمة المياه على المزارع الفلسطيني في ري المزروعات المحمية
Authors: النتشة باسل , بركات أشرف
Published: August 2021

تعاني الأراضي الفلسطينية من نقص المياه بشكل عام، حيث أنه علاوة على محدودية الموارد المائية، فإن سيطرة الاحتلال الإسرائيلي على هذه الموارد تؤدي إلى حرمان الفلسطينيين من نصيبهم الشرعي من المياه. من هنا تأتي أهمية توفير بيانات إحصائية دقيقة, كما يأتي هذا البحث  ضمن الجهد الذي يبذله مركز الأبحاث التقنية في جامعة فلسطين التقنية-خضوري بالتعاون مع وزارة الزراعة الفلسطينية في إيجاد بيانات حول الزراعة في فلسطين وتحديدا احتياجات المزارعين من المياه والمحافظة على المصادر المائية, حيث تسعى هذه الأبحاث إلى توفير البيانات اللازمة لوصف واقع المصادر المائية في الأراضي الفلسطينية وخصوصا وضع المزارع الفلسطيني من مصادر المياه. تهدف هذه الأستبانة إلى دراسة واقع المزارع الفلسطيني في تحديد وقت وكمية مياه الري التي يستخدمها في الزراعة المحمية ومدى كفاءة استخدام الوسائل التي يستخدمها في ري المزروعات للوصول إلى دراسة حقيقية تضع المزارع الفلسطيني في حقيقة الوضع الراهن من مصادر المياه في فلسطين وذلك لتقليل المياه المستخدمة في الزراعة والاستفادة المثلى من مياه الري. أشارت النتائج أن 58%من المزارعين يمارسون الزراعة المحمية فقط, كما أوضحت النتائج أن 68% من الإنتاج للبيع في السوق المحلي, وقد شكلت نسبة 58% من المستهدفين استخدام شبكة الري بالتنقيط وعزت ذلك إلى تقليل الوقت والجهد و محدودية المياه, وقد وصلت نسبة محدودية المياه إلى 75% بين المزارعين, ووصلت مديونية المياه إلى 65% بين المزارعين , وقد أشار 70% أن فاتورة المياه تشكل نسبة كبيرة من تكاليف الإنتاج, و75% يعتبرون سعر المياه عامل محدد لوقت وكمية الري, ومن الجدير ذكره هنا وجد أن النسبة الأعلى والتي تشكل 56% بطريقة تقليدية وكانت سائدة في مناطق البحث المختلفة بينما كانت نسبة 25% تأخذ جفاف التربة مقياسا لتحديد موعد الري ونسبة 10% تأخذ النبات كمؤشر لعملية الري و نسبة 9% فقط تعتمد على أجهزة محددة لقياس الرطوبة في التربة وهي النسبة الأدنى بين المزارعين والتي تعتبر من أفضل المؤشرات لتحديد كفاءة الري دون نقص أو زيادة كميات المياه المطلوبة للمحصول.
Economic performance of organic vs conventional vegetables production in Gaza strip
Authors: Abu Shaban Ahmed
Published: August 2021

Organic farming has achieved significant growth in developing countries. However, it is still in some areas such as Gaza strip at embryonic stage. Introduction and promotion of organic farming would need more information about economic feasibility of shifting from the existing conventional farms to organic farming system. This is the main aim of this study. Data was collected from 100 randomly selected farmers in southern area of Gaza strip using standard questionnaire. Additional focus group discussions were conducted for further qualitative analyses. Data was also collected from the organic farm of Safe Agriculture Association where vegetables are organically produced and marketed. Gross margin and comparative analyses were used to describe cost structure of conventional and organic production and to assess economic potentialities to shift to organic farming. Results varied among vegetable crops as some crops showed very high economic potential to shift to organic farming while other crops did not. Major reasons for crops with good potential were higher yield under organic farming, premium market prices and lower production costs. Major reasons for lower economic potential to shift were the significant lower yield and higher production costs. The study recommends further technical research to explore organic production techniques that allows for higher yield and lower production cost. The study also recommends further market research to investigate consumers' preferences and willingness to pay for organic products.