bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Apixaban, rivaroxaban, and dabigatran use in patients undergoing catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation using the second‐generation cryoballoon
Authors: Tscholl Verena , Lsharaf Abdullah Khaled‐A. , Lin Tina , Bellmann Barbara , Nagel Patrick , Lenz Klaus , Landmesser Ulf , Roser Mattias , Rillig Andreas
Published: August 2017

Background

Data are limited on the safety of periprocedural anticoagulation with novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in patients undergoing pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) using the second‐generation cryoballoon (CB) for the treatment of atrial fibrillation.

Hypothesis

We hypothesized that the incidence of acute periprocedural complications in patients undergoing PVI do not differ between patients treated with VKA compared to NOACs.

Methods

In 200 consecutive patients (mean age, 64.3 _ 10.6 years; female, n = 83) with symptomatic atrial fibrillation, PVI using the second‐generation 28‐mm CB was performed. In patients treated with NOACs, the medication was stopped the day of the procedure and continued the evening after the procedure with a reduced dosage. Patients treated with phenprocoumon were continued on uninterrupted phenprocoumon with a target INR of 2 to 3. If INR was <2, bridging with low‐molecular‐weight heparin was performed.

Results

Forty‐seven of 200 patients (23.5%) were treated with a vitamin K antagonist (VKA) and 55 (27.5%) were treated with apixaban, 67 (33.5%) with rivaroxaban, and 31 (15.5%) with dabigatran. Seven (3.5%) major complications occurred in the overall population. Major bleeding complications did not differ significantly between the 2 groups (P = 0.23). One patient taking VKA had a pericardial tamponade at the end of the procedure; 2 patients treated with apixaban developed a groin hematoma requiring surgical intervention. Transient ischemic attack occurred in 1 patient of the apixaban and rivaroxaban group.

Conclusions

Apixaban, rivaroxaban, and dabigatran, compared with uninterrupted VKA, did not show a higher risk for major bleeding or ischemic complications in patients undergoing PVI using the second‐generation CB.
TiO2 and ZnO Nanoparticles Toxicity in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Authors: Doğaroğlu Zeynep G. , Köleli Nurcan
Published: August 2017

In this study, the effects of TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles (0, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg kg−1) on seed germination, root elongation, chlorophyll content, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) are studied. The number of seeds germinated and roots elongated in germinated plants (tillering stage) are determined on day 7. Seedlings are transferred to pots containing 50 g turf and grown for 21 days. Antioxidant levels (superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione, and proline) are determined on day 21 after planting. The results shows that seed germination and root elongation are not significantly affected by types and concentrations of ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles. However, the antioxidant enzyme activities are diversely affected. Furthermore, the results also show that the ZnO nanoparticles are more toxic to barley plants than the TiO2 nanoparticles.
A historical perspective of nutrient change impact on an infectious disease in Daphnia
Authors: Reyserhove Lien , Samaey Giovanni , Muylaert Koenraad , Coppé Vincent , Van Colen Willem , Decaestecker Ellen
Published: August 2017

Changes in food quality can play a substantial role in the vulnerability of hosts to infectious diseases. In this study, we focused on the genetic differentiation of the water flea Daphnia magna towards food of different quality (by manipulating C:N:P ratios) and its impact on the interaction with a virulent infectious disease, “White Fat Cell Disease (WFCD)”. Via a resurrection ecology approach, we isolated two Daphnia subpopulations from different depths in a sediment core, which were exposed to parasites and a nutrient ratio gradient in a common garden experiment. Our results showed a genetic basis for sensitivity towards food deprivation. Both fecundity and host survival was differently affected when fed with low‐quality food. This strongly impacted the way both subpopulations interacted with this parasite. A historical reconstruction of nutrient changes in a sediment core reflected an increase in organic material and phosphorus concentration (more eutrophic conditions) over time in the studied pond. These results enable us to relate patterns of genetic differentiation in sensitivity towards food deprivation to an increasing level of eutrophication of the subpopulations, which ultimately impacts parasite virulence effects. This finding was confirmed via a dynamic energy budgets (DEB), in which energy was partitioned for the host and the parasite. The model was tailored to our study by integrating (1) increased growth and a fecundity shift in the host upon parasitism and (2) differences of food assimilation in the subpopulations showing that a reduced nutrient assimilation resulted in increased parasite virulence. The combination of our experiment with the DEB model shows that it is important to consider genetic diversity when studying the impact of nutritional stress on species interactions, especially in the context of changing environments and emerging infectious diseases.
Spreading the load: Antigen transfer between migratory and lymph node‐resident dendritic cells promotes T‐cell priming
Authors: Mueller Scott N.
Published: August 2017

Dendritic cells (DC) are specialized in the processing and presentation of antigen for the activation of lymphocytes. Multiple subsets of DCs exist with distinct functions and roles in the initiation of immune responses. DCs found within tissues acquire antigens or become infected by pathogens and migrate to local draining lymph nodes (LN) where they can directly stimulate T cells. These migratory DCs can also transfer antigens to LN‐resident DCs and may indirectly enhance T cell priming. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Gurevich et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2017. 47: 1802–1818] elegantly demonstrate the influence of the transfer of antigen from migratory DCs to resident DCs on the dynamics of CD8 T‐cell priming in mice. Using both in vitro imaging to visualise antigen dissemination and intravital 2‐photon microscopy to track T cell clustering with migratory and resident DCs, antigen‐donor DC were found to efficiently distribute antigen to recipient DC. This process, which involved LFA‐1, enhanced the recruitment of CD8+ T cells into the response and rescued priming when DCs were impaired in presentation capacity. Together, these findings shed light on the dynamics of the transfer of antigens between DCs in vivo for the efficient priming of cytotoxic T cell responses.
Use of Omega‐3 Fatty Acid Supplements Has Insufficient Clinical Evidence for Treatment of Hypertriglyceridemia: A Meta‐Analysis of Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Trials
Authors: Nam Gina E. , Myung Seung‐Kwon , Choi Yoon‐Jung
Published: August 2017

Omega‐3 fatty acid supplements have been used to treat dyslipidemia. However, there is no comprehensive meta‐analysis of randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trials that encompasses a broad range of populations with or without underlying diseases regarding their efficacy. PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched for trials in June 2016. A pooled weighted mean difference with its 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using a random‐effect meta‐analysis. A total of 58 trials were included in the final analysis. Compared with placebos, omega‐3 fatty acid supplements significantly reduced triglyceride (TG) levels by 38.59 mg dL−1 (95%CI, −47.16 to −30.02 mg dL−1; n = 53). In the subgroup meta‐analysis, the beneficial effects on TG levels were dose‐dependent up to 3.9 g of omega‐3 fatty acid supplements daily and were greater at higher baseline TG levels. However, there existed substantial heterogeneity in the main and subgroup meta‐analyses, overall methodological quality of included trials were low, and about 70% of the included trials had a small sample size less than 100 participants. The current meta‐analysis of randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trials suggests that there is no sufficient clinical evidence to support the use of omega‐3 fatty acid supplements for the prevention or treatment of dyslipidemia. Practical Applications: Further large, high‐quality randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trials with a long‐term follow‐up are warranted to confirm the clinical efficacy of omega‐3 fatty acid supplements on lipid profiles management.

The meta‐analysis of 53 randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trials shows a beneficial effect of omega‐3 fatty acid supplements such as EPA and DHA on triglyceride levels. However, there exists substantial heterogeneity in the main and subgroup meta‐analyses, overall methodological quality of includes trials was low, and about 70% of the include trials has a small sample size less than 100 participants. WMD, weighted mean difference; CI, confidence interval.
Triple and Quadruple Triptycene Gears in Rigid Macrocyclic Frameworks
Authors: Toyota Shinji , Kawahata Kenta , Sugahara Kota , Wakamatsu Kan , Iwanaga Tetsuo
Published: August 2017

The structures and dynamic behavior of macrocyclic compounds consisting of three or four 9,10‐triptycyl units and 1,2‐phenylene and ethynylene frameworks were studied as multiple‐gear systems. These compounds were synthesized from 9,10‐diethynyltriptycene derivatives and a diiodobenzene by repeated Sonogashira coupling reactions. DFT calculations revealed that the benzene rings in the triptycene units meshed with each other in the inside region, which led to overall attractive interactions through π···π and CH···π contacts, regardless of the significant molecular deformations in the trimer. The symmetric 1H NMR signal pattern implied that the rotation of the gear moieties takes place rapidly, even at a low temperature. We analyzed the rotational mechanisms of the dynamic behavior by DFT calculations, for which the rotation was partly or fully correlated. The estimated rotational barriers were very low at 22.5 and 3.9 kJ mol–1 for the trimer and tetramer, respectively.
The association between sleep quality, low back pain and disability: A prospective study in routine practice
Authors: Kovacs F.M. , Seco J. , Royuela A. , Betegon J.N. , Sánchez‐Herráez S. , Meli M. , Martínez Rodríguez M.E. , Núñez M. , Álvarez‐Galovich L. , Moyá J. , Sánchez C. , Luna S. , Borrego P. , Moix J. , Rodríguez‐Pérez V. , Torres‐Unda J. , Burgos‐Alonso N. , Gago‐Fernández I. , González‐Rubio Y. , Abraira V.
Published: August 2017

Background

The objective of this study was to estimate the association between sleep quality (SQ) and improvements in low back pain (LBP) and disability, among patients treated for LBP in routine practice.

Methods

This prospective cohort study included 461 subacute and chronic LBP patients treated in 11 specialized centres, 14 primary care centres and eight physical therapy practices across 12 Spanish regions. LBP, leg pain, disability, catastrophizing, depression and SQ were assessed through validated questionnaires upon recruitment and 3 months later. Logistic regression models were developed to assess: (1) the association between the baseline score for SQ and improvements in LBP and disability at 3 months, and (2) the association between improvement in SQ and improvements in LBP and disability during the follow‐up period.

Results

Seventy‐three per cent of patients were subacute. Median scores at baseline were four points for both pain and disability, as assessed with a visual analog scale and the Roland‐Morris Questionnaire, respectively. Regression models showed (OR [95% CI]) that baseline SQ was not associated with improvements in LBP (0.99 [0.94; 1.06]) or in disability (0.99 [0.93; 1.05]), although associations existed between ‘improvement in SQ’ and ‘improvement in LBP’ (4.34 [2.21; 8.51]), and ‘improvement in SQ’ and ‘improvement in disability’ (4.60 [2.29; 9.27]).

Conclusions

Improvement in SQ is associated with improvements in LBP and in disability at 3‐month follow‐up, suggesting that they may reflect or be influenced by common factors. However, baseline SQ does not predict improvements in pain or disability.

Significance

In clinical practice, sleep quality, low back pain and disability are associated. However, sleep quality at baseline does not predict improvement in pain and disability.
Regulated Film Quality with Methylammonium Bromide Addition in a Two‐Step Sequential Deposition to Improve the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Dong Guohua , Xia Debin , Yang Yulin , Sheng Li , Fan Ruiqing , Qiu Lele
Published: August 2017

Generally, the quality of perovskite films, which includes surface coverage, grain size, crystallinity, and so forth, is the dominant factor to influence the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, we demonstrated a facile method to improve the film quality by adding different concentrations of methylammonium bromide (MABr) into the methylammonium iodide (MAI) solution in a two‐step sequential deposition method. The optimized perovskite (MAPbI3−xBrx) film at a MAI/MABr (I/Br) weight ratio of 8:2 exhibits a significantly enhanced film quality with a uniform surface coverage on the substrate, high crystallinity, and few pinholes, which results in an increased UV/Vis absorption and photoluminescence emission. Finally, the associated PSC based on materials with an I/Br weight ratio of 8:2 displays an improved photovoltaic performance with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.03 % compared with the pristine MAPbI3‐based devices (PCE=11.39 %). In conclusion, this work demonstrates an effective and facile strategy to enhance the perovskite film quality.
Household food insecurity, coping strategies, and nutritional status of pregnant women in rural areas of Northern Ghana
Authors: Saaka Mahama , Oladele Jeremiah , Larbi Asamoah , Hoeschle‐Zeledon Irmgard
Published: August 2017

There is limited information on the magnitude and determinants of household food insecurity (HFI) and how it relates to the nutritional status of pregnant women in Northern Ghana. The magnitude, determinants of HFI, and how it relates to the nutritional status of pregnant women were evaluated in the Africa RISING West Africa project intervention communities in Northern Ghana. The prevalence of moderate and severe household hunger was 25.9% (95% CI: 19.0, 34.3) and 6.8% (95% CI: 4.2, 10.9) respectively. The independent predictors of maternal thinness were region of residence, gestational age and maternal age. Compared to women in the first trimester, women in the third trimester were 2.2 times more likely of being underweight adjusted odds ratio (AOR = 2.19, CI: 1.02, 4.70). Women who were under 20 years of age were 11.9 times more likely of being thin compared to women aged more than 35 years (AOR = 11.97, CI: 2.55, 5. 67). Food insecurity was highly prevalent but it was not associated with maternal thinness of pregnant women. The risk of maternal thinness increased as the gestational age increased and this has a great potential of adversely influencing pregnancy outcomes and overall quality of life.
Fatty acid profiles of the main lipid classes of green seaweeds from fish pond aquaculture
Authors: Cardoso Carlos , Ripol Andrea , Afonso Cláudia , Freire Margarida , Varela João , Quental‐Ferreira Hugo , Pousão‐Ferreira Pedro , Bandarra Narcisa
Published: August 2017

The lipid composition of five species of green seaweeds (Chaetomorpha linum, Rhizoclonium riparium, Ulva intestinalis, Ulva lactuca, and Ulva prolifera) grown in fish pond aquaculture systems was studied. In particular, the overall fatty acid (FA) profile and the FA profile of each main lipid class found in these seaweed species were thoroughly analyzed. It was found that every seaweed had a specific FA profile, whose specificities were rendered more obvious with the study of the FA profile per lipid class. However, between U. lactuca and U. intestinalis, there were only minor differences. Nonetheless, it was possible to identify significant differences between the palmitic acid content in the phospholipid (PL) and glycolipid (GL) classes of each seaweed. A clear distinction between the FA profiles of R. riparium and C. linum, which belong to the Cladophorales order, and those of Ulva genus, Ulvales order, was also determined. Moreover, there were also differences among lipid classes, yielding large contrasts between PLs + GLs and triacylglycerols (TAGs) as well as between monoacylglycerols (MAGs) and free fatty acids (FFAs). This study also found evidence supporting the location of particular FAs in specific TAG positions. FA profiles have the potential to be used as a chemotaxonomic tool in green seaweeds, providing a simple method to check authenticity of seaweed used as food.
Mutational analysis using Sanger and next generation sequencing in sporadic spindle cell hemangiomas: A study of 19 cases
Authors: ten Broek Roel W. , Bekers Elise M. , de Leng Wendy W. J. , Strengman Eric , Tops Bastiaan B. J. , Kutzner Heinz , Leeuwis Jan Willem , van Gorp Joost M. , Creytens David H. , Mentzel Thomas , van Diest Paul J. , Eijkelenboom Astrid , Flucke Uta
Published: August 2017

Spindle cell hemangioma (SCH) is a distinct vascular soft‐tissue lesion characterized by cavernous blood vessels and a spindle cell component mainly occurring in the distal extremities of young adults. The majority of cases harbor heterozygous mutations in IDH1/2 sporadically or rarely in association with Maffucci syndrome. However, based on mosaicism and accordingly a low percentage of lesional cells harboring a mutant allele, detection can be challenging. We tested 19 sporadic SCHs by Sanger sequencing, multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA), conventional next generation sequencing (NGS), and NGS using a single molecule molecular inversion probes (smMIP)‐based library preparation to compare their diagnostic value. Out of 10 cases tested by Sanger sequencing and 2 analyzed using MLPA, 4 and 1, respectively, revealed a mutation in IDH1 (p.R132C). The 7 remaining negative cases and additional 6 cases were investigated using smMIP/NGS, showing hot spot mutations in IDH1 (p.R132C) (8 cases) and IDH2 (3 cases; twice p.R172S and once p.R172G, respectively). One case was negative. Owing to insufficient DNA quality and insufficient coverage, 2 cases were excluded. In total, in 16 out of 17 cases successfully tested, an IDH1/2 mutation was found. Given that IDH1/2 mutations were absent in 161 other vascular lesions tested by smMIP/NGS, the mutation can be considered as highly specific for SCH.
Constructing MoO2 Porous Architectures Using Graphene Oxide Flexible Supports for Lithium Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Xu Zhanwei , Yao Kai , Fu Hao , Shen Xuetao , Duan Xintong , Cao Liyun , Huang Jianfeng , Wang Huanlei
Published: August 2017

Graphene oxide flexibly supported MoO2 porous architectures (MoO2/GO) by decomposition of the prepared ammonium molybdate/GO preforms is fabricated. Focused ion beam microscope analysis shows that the inside structures of the architectures strongly depend on the percentages of the GO used as flexible supports: micrometer scale MoO2 particulates growing on the GO (micrometer MoO2/GO), 3D honeycomb‐like nanoarchitectures (MoO2/GO nanohoneycomb), and layered MoO2/GO architectures are achieved at the percentage of GO at 4.3, 15.2, and 20.8 wt%, respectively. The lithium storage performance of the MoO2/GO architectures strongly depends on their inside structures. At the current density of 100 mA g−1, the capacities of the micrometer MoO2/GO, MoO2/GO nanohoneycomb, and layered MoO2/GO remain at 901, 1127, and 967 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles. The average coulombic efficiencies of micrometer MoO2/GO, MoO2/GO nanohoneycomb, and layered MoO2/GO electrodes are 97.6%, 99.3%, and 99.0%. Moreover, the rate performance shows even cycled at a high current density of 5000 mA g−1, the MoO2/GO nanohoneycomb can deliver the capacity as high as 461 mAh g−1. The MoO2/GO nanohoneycomb exhibits best performance attributed to its unique nanohoneycomb structure constructed with ultrafine MoO2 fixed on the GO flexible supports.
Bioconvective electromagnetic nanofluid transport from a wedge geometry: Simulation of smart electro‐conductive bio‐nanopolymer processing
Authors: Tuz Zohra Fatema T. , Jashim Uddin Mohammed , Md. Ismail Ahmad Izani , Anwar Bég O.
Published: August 2017

A mathematical model is presented for steady, two‐dimensional, stagnation‐point flow, heat, mass, and micro‐organism transfer in a viscous, incompressible, bioconvective, electromagnetic nanofluid along a wedge with Stefan blowing effects, hydrodynamic slip, and multiple convective boundary conditions. Gyrotactic micro‐organisms are present in the nanofluid and bioconvection arises, characterized by micro‐organisms swimming under a competing torque. Similarity transformations are used to render the system of governing partial differential equations into a system of coupled similarity equations. The transformed equations are solved numerically with the BVP5C method. The impact of emerging parameters on dimensionless velocity, temperature, magnetic induction function, nanoparticle volume fraction, and density of motile micro‐organisms is studied graphically. Furthermore, the responses of the local skin friction, local Nusselt number, local Sherwood number, and the wall gradient of density of motile micro‐organism number to variation in these parameters are elaborated. Validation of solutions with previous studies based on special cases of the general model is included. The simulations are relevant to the processing of biological, electro‐conductive nanomaterials and industrial hygienic coating systems exploiting combined electromagnetics, nanosystems, and microscopic, bio‐propulsion mechanisms.
Pubertal growth and adult height in relation to breast cancer risk in African American women
Authors: Bertrand Kimberly A. , Gerlovin Hanna , Bethea Traci N. , Palmer Julie R.
Published: August 2017

Adult height has been positively associated with breast cancer risk. The timing of pubertal growth—as measured by age at menarche and age at attained height—may also influence risk. We evaluated associations of adult height, age at attained height, and age at menarche with incidence of invasive breast cancer in 55,687 African American women in the prospective Black Women's Health Study. Over 20 years, 1,826 invasive breast cancers [1,015 estrogen receptor (ER) positive; 542 ER negative] accrued. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate hazards ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations with breast cancer overall and by ER status, mutually adjusted for the three factors of interest. Adult height was associated with increased risk of ER+ breast cancer (HR for ≥70 inches vs ≤63 inches: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.89) but not ER− (corresponding HR: 1.16; 95% CI: 0.78, 1.71) (p heterogeneity = 0.34). HRs for attained height before age 13 versus age >17 were 1.30 (95% CI: 0.96, 1.76) for ER+ and 1.25 (95% CI: 0.80, 1.96) for ER− breast cancer. Results for age at menarche (≤11 vs ≥14 years) were similar for ER+ and ER− breast cancer (HR for breast cancer overall: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.50). We confirmed height as a strong risk factor for ER+ breast cancer in African American women and identified early age at attained height as a risk factor for both ER+ and ER− breast cancer, albeit without statistical significance of the latter associations. While adult height and timing of pubertal growth are inter‐related, our findings suggest that they may be independent risk factors for breast cancer.
Efficacy of different irrigant protocols and application systems on sealer penetration using a stepwise CLSM analysis
Authors: Aksel Hacer , Küçükkaya Eren Selen , Puralı Nuhan , Serper Ahmet , Azim Adham A.
Published: August 2017

This study compared several irrigation protocols and application systems for sealer penetration into dentinal tubules. Single‐rooted‐human teeth were divided into 5 experimental groups (n = 15) and a control group (n = 5), according to final irrigation protocols: standard needle irrigation (SNI); Vibringe; Vibringe + NaviTip FX (Vibringe NFX); Endo Spray (ES); and passive‐ultrasonic‐irrigation (PUI). Following obturation of the root canals, the percentage of the sealer penetration was measured at different depths using stepwise CLSM analysis. The sealer penetration in the experimental groups was significantly higher than the control group at all levels (p < .05). No significant differences were observed between Vibringe and SNI or Vibringe NFX, ES, and PUI at all depths (p > .05). The Vibringe NFX, ES, and PUI groups allowed deeper sealer penetration than SNI at 100, 250, and 500 μm levels (p < .05). The irrigant activation, the needle design, and the application form (syringe or spray) may impact the quality of the seal that is achieved with root canal filling.
Impact of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio on survival for hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection
Authors: Hung Hao‐Chien , Lee Jin‐Chiao , Cheng Chih‐Hsien , Wu Tsung‐Han , Wang Yu‐Chao , Lee Chen‐Fang , Wu Ting‐Jung , Chou Hong‐Shiue , Chan Kun‐Ming , Lee Wei‐Chen
Published: August 2017

Background

Neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) represents a pro‐tumor inflammatory environment and host immunity. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of subsequent NLR for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after liver resection.

Methods

A total of 672 patients had liver resection for HCC were included in this study. NLR at diagnosis of HCC and HCC recurrence were collected. NLR at 2.5 was used as cut‐off value to calculate its prognostic effect.

Results

According to NLR cut‐off value, the patients with NLR >2.5 had larger tumor size, higher histology grade, and higher rates of tumor multiplicity and vascular invasion. After a median follow‐up of 76.3 months, 437 (65.0%) patients had tumor recurrence. The 1‐, 3‐ and 5‐year recurrence‐free survival were 77.4%, 55.2% and 44.8% in NLR ≤2.5 group, compared to 64.1%, 45.2% and 35.5% in NLR >2.5 group (P = 0.016). When patients had tumor recurrence, 5‐year post‐recurrent survival was best in the patients staying with NLR ≤2.5 all the time and decreased from 45.9% to 24.6% if NLR was ≤2.5 at resection and became >2.5 at recurrence (P = 0.013).

Conclusion

High NLR was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor. Subsequent change of NLR between liver resection and HCC recurrence could predict post‐recurrent survival.
Do female offenders differ? Comparing the criminal histories of serious violent perpetrators with a control sample
Authors: Coleman Rebecca , Almond Louise , McManus Michelle
Published: August 2017

In view of earlier research, female offenders have not received as much attention as male perpetrators. Thus, the research aimed to gain insight into the types of offences committed by serious violent female offenders (n = 206; those who had committed grievous bodily harm, attempted murder, or homicide) and to explore differences with control female perpetrators (n = 447); control offenders were matched according to age and year of offence of the serious violent offenders. The purpose was to, therefore, gather an understanding of female offenders and to determine if the serious violent perpetrators differed from the control sample. A UK police force provided data of offences committed between April 2001 and April 2011. Descriptive information was analysed, with comparisons being made using Mann–Whitney U tests and chi‐square analyses. About 72.3% (n = 149) of serious violent offenders had one or more recorded convictions and were significantly more likely to have committed a previous violent offence than the control sample. On the other hand, control perpetrators had a higher likelihood of having previously committed a theft‐related offence, when compared to serious violent females. Therefore, the findings indicate the types of offences committed by female offenders and highlight the differences between serious violent perpetrators and offenders in the control sample. The implications and limitations are discussed.
Textural features of dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI derived model‐free and model‐based parameter maps in glioma grading
Authors: Xie Tian , Chen Xiao , Fang Jingqin , Kang Houyi , Xue Wei , Tong Haipeng , Cao Peng , Wang Sumei , Yang Yizeng , Zhang Weiguo
Published: August 2017

Background

Presurgical glioma grading by dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI (DCE‐MRI) has unresolved issues.

Purpose

The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of textural features derived from pharmacokinetic model‐based or model‐free parameter maps of DCE‐MRI in discriminating between different grades of gliomas, and their correlation with pathological index.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Subjects

Forty‐two adults with brain gliomas.

Field Strength/Sequence

3.0T, including conventional anatomic sequences and DCE‐MRI sequences (variable flip angle T1‐weighted imaging and three‐dimensional gradient echo volumetric imaging).

Assessment

Regions of interest on the cross‐sectional images with maximal tumor lesion. Five commonly used textural features, including Energy, Entropy, Inertia, Correlation, and Inverse Difference Moment (IDM), were generated.

Results

All textural features of model‐free parameters (initial area under curve [IAUC], maximal signal intensity [Max SI], maximal up‐slope [Max Slope]) could effectively differentiate between grade II (n = 15), grade III (n = 13), and grade IV (n = 14) gliomas (P < 0.05). Two textural features, Entropy and IDM, of four DCE‐MRI parameters, including Max SI, Max Slope (model‐free parameters), vp (Extended Tofts), and vp (Patlak) could differentiate grade III and IV gliomas (P < 0.01) in four measurements. Both Entropy and IDM of Patlak‐based Ktrans and vp could differentiate grade II (n = 15) from III (n = 13) gliomas (P < 0.01) in four measurements. No textural features of any DCE‐MRI parameter maps could discriminate between subtypes of grade II and III gliomas (P < 0.05). Both Entropy and IDM of Extended Tofts‐ and Patlak‐based vp showed highest area under curve in discriminating between grade III and IV gliomas. However, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of these features revealed relatively lower inter‐observer agreement. No significant correlation was found between microvascular density and textural features, compared with a moderate correlation found between cellular proliferation index and those features.

Data Conclusion

Textural features of DCE‐MRI parameter maps displayed a good ability in glioma grading.

Level of Evidence: 3

Technical Efficacy: Stage 2

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1099–1111.
Enhanced recovery after surgery—Preoperative fasting and glucose loading—A review
Authors: Sarin Ankit , Chen Lee‐lynn , Wick Elizabeth C.
Published: August 2017

In this review, we explore the rationale and history behind the practice of preoperative fasting in elective surgery including the gradual move toward longer fasting and the more recent change in direction of practice. Gastric emptying physiology and the metabolic effects of prolonged fasting and carbohydrate loading are examined. Most recent guidelines related to these topics are discussed and practical recommendations for implementing these guidelines are suggested.
Optimized inversion‐time schedules for quantitative T1 measurements based on high‐resolution multi‐inversion EPI
Authors: Cohen Ouri , Polimeni Jonathan R.
Published: August 2017

Purpose

Demonstrate an optimized multi‐inversion echo‐planar imaging technique to accelerate quantitative T1 mapping by judicious selection of inversion times for each slice.

Methods

Slice ordering is optimized to maximize discrimination between tissues with different T1 values. The optimized slice orderings are tested in the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine/National Institute of Standards and Technology phantom and compared with an unoptimized 21‐measurement acquisition. The utility of the method is demonstrated in a healthy subject in vivo at 3 T and validated with a gold‐standard inversion‐recovery sequence. The in vivo precision of our technique was tested by repeated scans of the same subject within a scan session and across scan sessions, occurring 28 days apart.

Results

Phantom measurements yielded good agreement (R2 = 0.99) between the T1 estimates from the proposed optimized protocol, reference values from the National Institute of Standards and Technology phantom and gold‐standard inversion‐recovery values, as well as a negligible estimation bias that was slightly lower than that from the unoptimized 21‐measurement protocol (0.74 versus 19 ms). The range of values for the scan–rescan coefficient of variation was 0.86 to 0.93 (within session) and 0.83 to 0.92 (across sessions) across all scan durations tested.

Conclusions

Optimized slice orderings allow faster quantitative T1 mapping. The optimized sequence yielded accurate and precise T1 maps. Magn Reson Med 79:2101–2112, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Nano‐dispersion of organo‐modified nanofiller in partially fluorinated matrix as the polymer/magnetic nanoparticle composites
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Shidara Yusaku , Yunoki Takeru , Kasahara Yusuke , Ohmura Kyohei , Iizuka Manami , Fujimori Atsuhiro
Published: August 2017

A transparent and flexible crystalline polymer nanohybrid was fabricated, containing well‐dispersed magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with organic chain‐modified surfaces. The partially fluorinated copolymer matrix used is composed of switchboard‐type lamellae. These become transparent owing to the creation of high‐density amorphous regions on drawing the corresponding film at just below the polymer melting point. Although the creation of oleo‐ and hydrophobic fluorinated polymer/organo‐modified MNP nanohybrids is generally difficult, formation via melt compounding was confirmed using wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction and thermal analysis. On organo‐modification of the hydroxyl‐terminated MNP surface with long‐chain fatty acids, the resulting improvement in wettability aids the dispersion of the particles and hence maintains transparency. Nano‐dispersion of the organo‐filler was considered to result from surface modification‐induced improvement of particle miscibility and melt compounding. These nanohybrids have enhanced thermal degradation temperatures and mechanical properties, derived from the nucleation effect caused by the adsorption of the terminal polymer chains onto the organic modifier. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:4496–4512, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
Synthesis and Characterization of New Melt‐cast Energetic Salts: Dipotassium and Diaminoguanidinium N,N′‐Dinitro‐N,N′‐Bis(3‐dinitromethyl‐furazanate‐4‐yl)methylenediamine
Authors: Ma Qing , Gu Hao , Huang Jinglun , Liu Dabin , Li Jinshan , Fan Guijuan
Published: August 2017

Diaminoguanidinium N,N′‐dinitro‐N,N′‐bis(3‐dinitromethyl‐furazanate‐4‐yl)methylenediamine (5), a new melt‐cast energetic salt, was designed and synthesized via metathesis reaction from dipotassium N,N′‐dinitro‐N,N′‐bis(3‐dinitromethyl‐furazanate‐4‐yl)methylenediamine (4) by using condensation of 3‐amino‐4‐chloroximinofurazan (1), followed by a mixture of fuming nitric acid and trifluoroacetic anhydride and then KI reduction. The target products were thoroughly characterized by NMR spectroscopy, vibrational spectroscopy (IR), elementary analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction was employed for analyzing the crystal structure of 5. Compound 4 not only exhibits two‐stages in decomposition properties but also behaves sensitivities as primary explosive (IS: 2.5 J, FS: 216 N). Compound 5 exhibits excellent thermal stability (onset m.p. 113 °C, onset dec. 282 °C) which is superior to those of RDX and approach those of TNT. Different from RDX, 5 exhibits better impact and friction sensitivity (IS: 20 J, FS: 128 N). Worth noting that, the detonation velocity of 5 (D: 8500 m s−1) is comparable with that of RDX.
Building collagen IV smart scaffolds on the outside of cells
Authors: Brown Kyle L. , Cummings Christopher F. , Vanacore Roberto M. , Hudson Billy G.
Published: August 2017

Collagen IV scaffolds assemble through an intricate pathway that begins intracellularly and is completed extracellularly. Multiple intracellular enzymes act in concert to assemble collagen IV protomers, the building blocks of collagen IV scaffolds. After being secreted from cells, protomers are activated to initiate oligomerization, forming insoluble networks that are structurally reinforced with covalent crosslinks. Within these networks, embedded binding sites along the length of the protomer lead to the “decoration” of collagen IV triple helix with numerous functional molecules. We refer to these networks as “smart” scaffolds, which as a component of the basement membrane enable the development and function of multicellular tissues in all animal phyla. In this review, we present key molecular mechanisms that drive the assembly of collagen IV smart scaffolds.
Peripheral blood monocyte count reflecting tumor‐infiltrating macrophages is a predictive factor of adverse pathology in radical prostatectomy specimens
Authors: Hayashi Takuji , Fujita Kazutoshi , Nojima Satoshi , Hayashi Yujiro , Nakano Kosuke , Ishizuya Yu , Wang Cong , Yamamoto Yoshiyuki , Kinouchi Toshiro , Matsuzaki Kyosuke , Kawamura Norihiko , Jingushi Kentaro , Kawashima Atsunari , Nagahara Akira , Ujike Takeshi , Uemura Motohide , Imamura Ryoichi , Morii Eiichi , Nonomura Norio
Published: August 2017

Background

Tumor‐infiltrating macrophages, which are thought to be derived from blood monocytes, interact with tumor cells to promote cancer progression. The aim of this study was to assess the association of peripheral blood monocyte count with pathological findings and local tumor‐infiltrating macrophages in prostatectomy specimens.

Methods

Preoperative peripheral blood monocyte counts were retrospectively assessed for their associations with pathological findings (pathological T stage, Gleason Score, extraprostatic extension, seminal vesicle invasion, and surgical margin) and biochemical recurrence of 248 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy. Local tumor‐infiltrating macrophages were also evaluated immunohistochemically for their association with peripheral monocyte counts.

Results

The peripheral monocyte counts of the patients with extraprostatic extension, seminal vesicle invasion, or primary Gleason ≥4 were significantly higher than those of the patients without each of these pathological findings (P < 0.001, P = 0.034, and P = 0.004, respectively). Peripheral monocyte count was a significant predictor of adverse pathology and postoperative biochemical recurrence in localized prostate cancer by multivariate analysis (P = 0.001 and P = 0.041, respectively). Both the density and the count of tumor‐infiltrating macrophages correlated significantly with the peripheral blood monocyte count (Spearman rank correlation coefficients were 0.463 and 0.649, respectively, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Peripheral blood monocyte count reflecting local tumor‐infiltrating macrophages was a predictive factor for tumor progression and prognosis in patients with localized prostate cancer. Elucidating the mechanism of the interaction of peripheral monocytes with tumor‐infiltrating macrophages is necessary.
PSCA regulates IL‐6 expression through p38/NF‐κB signaling in prostate cancer
Authors: Liu Luhao , Li Ermao , Luo Lianmin , Zhao Shankun , Li Futian , Wang Jiamin , Luo Jintai , Zhao Zhigang
Published: August 2017

Background

Prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)‐anchored cell surface protein. We previously reported that PSCA involved in proliferation and invasion of PCa cells, however, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. In this study, we aimed to explore the regulating role of PSCA gene expression in interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) autocrine of PCa cells.

Methods

The stable knockdown‐PSCA and ectopically overexpressed‐PSCA vector were constructed and transfected into human PCa DU145 and PC‐3M cells. The effects of PSCA overexpression or knockdown were determined in proliferation, invasion, and metastasis assays. The effect of PSCA on the expression and secretion of IL‐6 was evaluated by immunoblotting and ELISA. Subcellular localization and expression pattern of PSCA and IL‐6 protein were examined by immunohistochemistry. Its clinical significance was statistically analyzed.

Results

The results showed that stable knockdown of PSCA delayed proliferation, migration, and invasion while overexpressing PSCA enhanced the proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and the lung metastasis in vivo of PCa cells. Importantly, the PSCA involved in the IL‐6 secretion and positively regulated p38/NF‐κB/IL‐6 signaling, leading to enhanced PCa cell invasion and metastasis. Both the expression of PSCA and IL‐6 were significantly associated with poor biochemical recurrence‐free survival of patients with PCa. PSCA protein expression showed a prognostic value in overall survival as indicated by Kaplan‐Meier analysis.

Conclusions

These results indicate that PSCA regulates the expression and secretion of IL‐6 in human PCa cells through p38/NF‐κB signaling pathways. PSCA may be a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for PSCA‐positive PCa.
Neoadjuvant hormonal therapy for low‐risk prostate cancer induces biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy via increased lymphangiogenesis‐related parameters
Authors: Miyata Yasuyoshi , Nakamura Yuichiro , Yasuda Takuji , Matsuo Tomohiro , Ohba Kojiro , Furusato Bungo , Fukuoka Junya , Sakai Hideki
Published: August 2017

Background

The effects of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (NHT) on pathological features and lymphangiogenesis in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) for each pre‐operative risk classification are unclear.

Methods

To clarify the anti‐cancer effects of NHT, we investigated 153 patients (non‐NHT group = 80 and NHT group = 73) who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) in Nagasaki University Hospital. Lymph vessel density and area (evaluated by D2‐40‐positive vessels), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐C and VEGF‐D expressions, and biochemical recurrence (BCR)‐free survival were compared between these two groups for each D'Amico risk classification (low = 33, intermediate = 58, high = 62 patients).

Results

In low‐risk PCa patients, the risks of lymph vessel invasion and BCR were significantly higher in the NHT group than in the non‐NHT group (P = 0.040 and 0.022, respectively). Such significant difference was not seen in the intermediate‐ or high‐risk PCa groups. Lymph vessel density of the peri‐tumoral and intra‐tumoral areas and the lymph vessel area were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in the NHT group than in the non‐NHT group in low‐risk PCa. In regard to the expression of VEGF‐C or VEGF‐D, significant difference was not detected in low‐risk PCa.

Conclusions

NHT stimulated cancer cell progression and BCR via up‐regulation of lymphangiogenesis‐related parameters in patients with low‐risk PCa. Although VEGF‐C and VEGF‐D expressions were not changed by NHT, lymph vessel density and area were increased in low‐risk PCa patients. We suggest that NHT for patients with low‐risk PCa may have a high risk for BCR after RP.
Intrafocal heterogeneity of ERG protein expression and gene fusion pattern in prostate cancer
Authors: Suh Ja Hee , Park Jeong Hwan , Lee Cheol , Moon Kyung Chul
Published: August 2017

Background

Prostate cancer is considered to be highly heterogeneous, with various morphologic features and biologic behaviors. The TMPRSS2‐ERG gene fusion is the most frequently observed genetic aberration in prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to elucidate the intrafocal heterogeneity of ERG gene fusion status.

Methods

ERG immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed in samples from 168 prostate cancer patients who had undergone radical prostatectomy, and 40 cases showing ERG‐positive IHC staining were selected for tissue microarray (TMA) construction. Two to six representative cores were selected from each tumor focus. In the cases with heterogeneous ERG IHC staining intensity, the areas showing different intensities were separately selected. Using the TMA blocks, IHC and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were conducted to evaluate the heterogeneity of ERG protein expression and ERG fusion gene patterns, respectively, in a single tumor focus. Heterogeneity of ERG IHC staining was defined as the simultaneous presence of negative and positive cores in the same tumor focus. Heterogeneity of ERG FISH was defined by the presence of cores with positive and negative FISH signals or cores with break‐apart and interstitial deletion FISH signals in the same tumor focus.

Results

A total of 202 TMA cores were isolated from 40 ERG‐positive cases. Of the 202 total cores, 19 were negative for ERG IHC staining, and 46 showed 1+, 52 showed 2+, and 85 showed 3+ ERG staining intensity. Eleven cores were negative for ERG FISH signal, 119 cores showed ERG break‐apart FISH signals, and the remaining 72 cores revealed interstitial deletion. Intrafocal heterogeneity of ERG IHC staining was found in 20% (8/40) of cases, and intrafocal heterogeneity of ERG gene fusion pattern was found in 32.5% (13/40) of cases.

Conclusions

In summary, this study showed significantly frequent intrafocal heterogeneity of ERG protein expression, gene fusion status and fusion pattern. This heterogeneity can be caused by the development of subclones during cancer progression or the intermingling of different tumors.
Improved performance in CAPRI round 37 using LZerD docking and template‐based modeling with combined scoring functions
Authors: Peterson Lenna X. , Shin Woong‐Hee , Kim Hyungrae , Kihara Daisuke
Published: August 2017

We report our group's performance for protein‐protein complex structure prediction and scoring in Round 37 of the Critical Assessment of PRediction of Interactions (CAPRI), an objective assessment of protein‐protein complex modeling. We demonstrated noticeable improvement in both prediction and scoring compared to previous rounds of CAPRI, with our human predictor group near the top of the rankings and our server scorer group at the top. This is the first time in CAPRI that a server has been the top scorer group. To predict protein‐protein complex structures, we used both multi‐chain template‐based modeling (TBM) and our protein‐protein docking program, LZerD. LZerD represents protein surfaces using 3D Zernike descriptors (3DZD), which are based on a mathematical series expansion of a 3D function. Because 3DZD are a soft representation of the protein surface, LZerD is tolerant to small conformational changes, making it well suited to docking unbound and TBM structures. The key to our improved performance in CAPRI Round 37 was to combine multi‐chain TBM and docking. As opposed to our previous strategy of performing docking for all target complexes, we used TBM when multi‐chain templates were available and docking otherwise. We also describe the combination of multiple scoring functions used by our server scorer group, which achieved the top rank for the scorer phase.