bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eksplorasi Fungi Endofit Umbi Lapis Bawang Merah (Allium cepa) sebagai Antifungi dan Antikolesterol
Authors: Choirani Nur Amalia , Sunarto Sunarto , Baroroh Hanif Nasiatul
Published: September 2020

Fungi endofit berpotensi sebagai alternatif pengobatan karena menghasilkan senyawa yang sama dengan tumbuhan inangnya. Allium cepa memiliki manfaat sebagai antifungi dan antikolesterol. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah isolasi, identifikasi, serta melakukan uji antifungi dan antikolesterol. Isolat yang diperoleh diidentifikasi secara makroskopik dan mikroskopik. Metode uji antifungi terhadap Candida albicans adalah metode difusi agar dan metode uji antikolesterol menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (pre and posttest control design). Hasil isolasi fungi endofit diperoleh isolat FEAC 1 dan FEAC 2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa FEAC 2 memiliki zona hambat sebesar 7,389 mm dan menurunkan kolesterol total secara signifikan serta meningkatkan kolesterol HDL.
Evaluasi Penggunaan Obat Antihipertensi pada Pasien Pre-Eklampsia Rawat Inap di RSUD Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Purwokerto
Authors: Andriana Dorothea Dwi , Utami Esti Dyah , Sholihat Nia Kurnia
Published: September 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pola penggunaan dan kesesuaian penggunaan obat antihipertensi pada pasien pre-eklampsia rawat inap RSUD Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Purwokerto. Penelitian dilakukan secara retrospektif dan sampel diambil secara simple random sampling pada pasien rawat inap periode Januari 2015-Juni 2016 yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Analisa dilakukan secara deskriptif dan dibandingkan dengan standar  Queensland Clinical Guideline tahun 2015 untuk menilai ketepatan indikasi, obat dan dosis serta acuan BNF tahun 2015 untuk menilai ketepatan pasien. Hasil penelitian dari 85 sampel menunjukkan mayoritas pasien pre-eklampsia berusia 21-35 tahun (57,65%) dengan usia kehamilan pada 36-43 minggu (68,24%), dengan diagnosis pre-eklampsia berat (69,41%). Antihipertensi yang banyak digunakan berupa monoterapi nifedipin (64,71%). Persentase kesesuaian antihipertensi menghasilkan 91,76% tepat indikasi; 87,18% tepat obat; 98,72% tepat pasien dan 100% tepat dosis, dengan persentase kerasionalan penggunaan antihipertensi adalah 77,65%.
Aktivitas Antifungi Esktrak Etanol Daun Kamboja Merah (Plumeria rubra L.) Terhadap Pityrosporum ovale
Authors: Ramadhan Rizki Akbar , Rehana Rehana , Fareza Muhamad Salman
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui metabolit sekunder dan konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) dari ekstrak etanol daun kamboja merah (Plumeria rubra L.) terhadap fungi Pityrosporum ovale penyebab ketombe. Ekstrak diperoleh dengan metode maserasi dalam pelarut etanol. Kandungan kimia pada ekstrak diidentifikasi dengan kromatografi lapis tipis. Aktivitas antifungi dilakukan dengan metode dilusi padat untuk memperoleh nilai KHM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak etanol daun kamboja merah mengandung flavonoid dan terpenoid. KHM yang didapat adalah 1750 ppm.
Sea-Air Impacts on Fishing Season of Hand Line Skipjack Tuna Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus, 1758) in Pacitan Coastal Waters of The South Eastern Indian Ocean
Authors: Setyadji Bram , Pranowo Widodo Setiyo , Amri Khairul
Published: September 2020

Fishing season is important in term of understanding the catch dynamics however, by far the analysis never considered environmental variables into the calculation. The environmental variables in this case is addressed to sea-air interactions during 2012-2015, i.e. monthly wind, surface wind wave, and precipitation level. This study aimed the alternative, yet breakthrough on using Generalized Linear Model (GLM) to analyse the fishing season of skipjack tuna caught by small-scale hand line fleet. The result showed that GLM can be a good alternative in term of predicting the fishing season of skipjack tuna. It provided a good understanding with the surrounded environmental variables. Skipjack tuna fishing season starts from March, reach its peak in April and October. The low season is Februari, June and September. Local weather (wind speed) and religious affair (FastIed) significantly affected the fishing behavior thus lead to dynamics of CPUE obtained.Keywords: sea-air; fishing season; hand line; skipjack; Pacitan coastal waters; south eastern Indian Ocean; CPUE, GLM, small-scale
The Adaptive Capacity of Corals Based on the Health Level to Estimate the Carrying Capacity of the Marine Ecotourism in Enggano Island
Authors: Johan Yar , Yulianda Fredinan , Kurnia Rahmat , Muchsin Ismudi
Published: September 2020

Enggano Island is one of the outermost islands of Indonesia. Among the recoverable resources that exist in Enggano Island are coral reef ecosystems. A coral reef ecosystem is also one of the ecosystems with a high level of biodiversity productivity having a major role as habitats, feeding places, and the coastal protection from the crashing of waves and strong currents. Currently, coral reefs are being destroyed either by nature or humans. The ability of an ecosystem to adapt to a disturbance or potential damage is called adaptive capacity. The aim of the study was to assess the adaptive capacity of corals in terms of their health levels to estimate the carrying capacity of marine ecotourism. The observation method used was survey method. Adaptive capacity measurements were carried out by analyzing six parameters: hard coral cover (%), distances from human settlements (km), dominance of lifeform, types of lifeform, reef fish species, and coral reef depth (m). The results of this study showed that Enggano Island corals had the adaptive capacity that fell into two categories: medium and adaptiveEnggano Island is one of the outermost islands of Indonesia. Among the recoverable resources that exist in Enggano Island are coral reef ecosystems. A coral reef ecosystem is also one of the ecosystems with a high level of biodiversity productivity having a major role as habitats, feeding places, and the coastal protection from the crashing of waves and strong currents. Currently, coral reefs are being destroyed either by nature or humans. The ability of an ecosystem to adapt to a disturbance or potential damage is called adaptive capacity. The aim of the study was to assess the adaptive capacity of corals in terms of their health levels to estimate the carrying capacity of marine ecotourism. The observation method used was survey method. Adaptive capacity measurements were carried out by analyzing six parameters: hard coral cover (%), distances from human settlements (km), dominance of lifeform, types of lifeform, reef fish species, and coral reef depth (m). The results of this study showed that Enggano Island corals had the adaptive capacity that fell into two categories: medium and adaptive
Distribution and Habitat Karakteristics of Shrimp Juvenile in Segara Anakan Lagoon
Authors: Purnamaningtyas Sri Endah , Tjahjo Didik Wahju Hendro
Published: September 2020

Shrimp is a wealth of fishery resources are abundant and has a high economic value in Laguna Segara lagoon. So the existence and habitat of life from larvae to adult need attention to maintain the survival of shrimp. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to know the distribution of abundance and characteristics of shrimp juvenile habitat in Segara Anakan lagoon. Sampling is done 3 times (June, August and October 2013), with 9 stations Observation station. The results showed that the abundance of shrimp based on the amount in Segara Anakan lagoon was dominated by Metapenaeus elegans (205-8723 ind./1000 m2), whereas the abundance of  M. ensis, F merguensis, P. semisulcatus and P. monodon relatively low had the same habitat , ie waters with high fertility and relatively low salinity, relatively high pH. Found in Motean observation station, Muara Dua, Kleces and Majingklak. Harpiosquilla annandalei (0-330 ind/1000 m2), P. monodon (0-238 ind/1000 m2), and Acetes sp (0.1-5.196 ind/1000 m2) sounded a lot of water habitat that contain BOT and high zooplankton abundance. Thus the shrimp Harpiosquilla annandalei, P. monodon, and Acetes sp are found in Tritih observation stations, and are quite commonly found in Kleces observation stations. Keywords: abundance, habitat preferences, juvenile shrimp, Segara Anakan Lagoon
Seahorse Acoustic Reflection on Active and Passive Moving Condition : A Prelyminary Observation in Watertank
Authors: Apdillah Dony , Jaya Indra , Manik Henry Munandar , Hestirianoto Totok , Febrianto Try
Published: September 2020

Identification and estimation of seahorse population in the marine environment are difficult to obtain. Nowadays, the observations use visual techniques, biologic and statistics. Bio-statistics approach has some limitations, such as times consuming and low accuracy. An approach was required to provide more accurate information, comprehensive, and based on telemetry (underwater acoustic). Acoustic reflection is an important information to observe underwater objects that can be used for stock assessment and behavioral studies. This research is a preliminary observation and measurement of seahorse Target Strength (TS). The results show that there are differences in TS value of seahorse at the active and passive moving condition. The fluctuations of TS values in active conditions are higher than those in passive conditions.  This study has also found that the average TS value of seahorse in active moving conditions is -54.49 dB (± 3 dB). It is greater than the mean TS value in passive moving conditions -59.64 dB (± 3 dB). The approach of immobile fish (the passive moving condition) on the seahorse is better to increase the correlation value between TS to size. The relationship between TS and the size of the seahorse are discussed in the results of this study
The Role of Turmeric Powder Supplementation in Improving Liver Performances to Support Production of Siam Catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)
Authors: Dewi Cut Dara , Ekastuti Damiana Rita , Sudrajat Agus Oman , Manalu Wasmen
Published: September 2020

In oviparous animals, the qualities of offspring are determined by the materials deposited in the developing oocytes that are synthesized and produced by the hepatocytes under the control of estrogen.  This study was designed to evaluate the effect of turmeric powder supplementation on liver performance to support the reproduction performances of catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). The study used 60 catfish with average body weight of ± 2 kg. The experimental catfish were assigned into a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and each treatment consisted of 15 replications. The treatment was the dose of turmeric powder supplementation in the commercial feed i.e., 0, 240, 480, and 960 mg/100 g feed.  The experimental catfish were fed two times a day in the morning and in the evening as much as 3% of body weight. The results showed that turmeric powder supplementation at a dose of 240 mg/100 g feed could inhibit liver cell destruction in the catfish as was indicated by the increase in body weight, liver weight, and DNA concentrations of liver, as well as the decrease in the liver malondialdehyde, and serum glutamic piruvic transaminase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase concentrations. Turmeric powder supplementation can be used in oviparous animals and fish to increase liver function and capacity to synthesize vitellogenin to be deposited in the developing follicles during reproduction phase.
Bioremediation of Indigosol Blue 04B Batik Effluent by Indigenous Fungal Isolates, Aspergillus spp.
Authors: Dewi Ratna Stia , Kasiamdari Rina Sri , Martani Erni , Purwestri Yekti Asih
Published: September 2020

Effluent from the local batik home industry is a serious problem, because the effluent discharge generated is spread in different places. Untreated effluent can cause environmental pollution, such as in groundwater reservoirs,because most is discharged into rivers. The aim of this research was to evaluate the bioremediation potential of indigenous fungi in liquid culture media with Indigosol Blue 04B (IB) batik effluent. The fungi isolates tested were Aspergillus sp. 1, Aspergillus sp. 2 and Aspergillus sp. 3, isolated from dye effluent soil and batik effluent, and compared to white rot fungi (Phanerochaete chrysosporium) as a positive control.   The physiochemical properties of IB batik effluent before and after fungal treatment were investigated. All of these parameters before the fungal treatment were above the recommended standard values based on the Governor regulation of Yogyakarta Special Region No. 7/2010. The level of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), and electrical conductance (EC) was reduce by Aspergillus spp. The highest percentage reduction was achieved by Aspergillus sp. 3, namely 88.34% BOD, 89.11% COD, 75.77% TSS, 85.85% TDS and 71.21% EC, after 3 days of incubation. These results show that the positive control isolate had the lowest value. The study confirms the ability of indigenous fungi isolates in the remediation of IB batik effluent and their potential for future analysis in the treatment of all types of batik effluent.
Identifikasi Keberbakatan Menggunakan Metode Australian Sport Search Terhadap Kesesuaian Cabang Olahraga Pada Anak Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Sayfei Muhamad , Budi Didik Rilastiyo , Himawan Kusuma Moh. Nanang , Listiandi Arfin Deri
Published: September 2020

Identifikasi keberbakatan olahraga merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam proses pembinaan prestasi, akan tetapi tahapan tes dan pengukuran identifikasi keberbakatan olahraga masih jarang dilakukan terutama di tingkat daerah. Tujuan Penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui keberbakatan olahraga pada anak Sekolah Dasar kelas V dengan menggunakan metode analisis keberbakatan Australian Sport Search. Jumlah sampel penelitian sebanyak 100 anak dari berbagai sekolah di Banyumas. Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif ex-postfacto. Hasil menunjukan bahwa dari 100 anak Sekolah Dasar yang menjadi sampel penelitian tingkat keberbakatan anak menunjukan bahwa sebanyak 43 anak menunjukan berbakat dalam bidang olahraga dan 57 anak tidak berbakat dalam bidang olahraga. Selain itu dari 100 orang anak menunjukan bahwa 22 anak berbakat pada cabang olahraga atletik, 9 anak menunjukan berbakat di sepak bola, 5 anak cabang olahraga beladiri dan yang lainnya berbakat di cabang olahrga bola basket, bola tangan, bulutangkis dan softball/baseball. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut maka perlu adanya program pemanduan bakan olahraga secara khusus bagi anak usia pelajar, sehingga dapat mengidentifikasi bakat anak sedini mungkin.
Pengembangan “Buku Saku Pintar Gizi” Untuk Siswa SMP: Alternatif Media Pembelajaran untuk Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Gizi Olahraga
Authors: Festiawan Rifqi , Arovah Novita Intan
Published: September 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menghasilkan produk berupa buku saku yang efektif untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa tentang gizi olahraga dan dapat diterima dengan baik oleh siswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan merupakan Research and Development (RnD) yang terdiri dari beberapa tahap: 1) identifikasi Potensi dan Masalah, 2) Pengumpulan Bahan, 3) Desain Produk, 4) Pembuatan Produk, 5) Validasi Produk, 6) Ujicoba Terbatas, dan 7) Revisi Produk. Hasil penilaian ahli materi mendapat nilai  85% dengan kategori “sangat baik”, ahli media mendapatkan nilai 88% dengan kategori “sangat baik” dan ahli bahasa mendapatkan nilai 90% dengan kategori “sangat baik”. Penilaian dari siswa mendapat nilai 91% dengan kategori “sangat baik”. Selain itu dari hasil uji efektifitas menunjukkan bahwa buku saku yang dikembangkan efektif untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan gizi siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama dilihat dari nilai t hitung sebesar 14,41 dan t tabel sebesar 2,042 sehingga t hitung > t tabel. Dari hasil tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa dari penilaian ahli dan siswa, buku saku yang dikembangkan layak digunakan sebagai salah satu alternatif media pembelajaran siswa di sekolah dengan presentase total 88,5% dan buku saku yang dikembangkan terbukti efektif untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa.
Occupational Health Problems of Classical Guitarists
Authors: Zuhdi Nabeel , Chesky Kris , Surve Said , Lee Yein
Published: September 2020

AIMS: Classical guitarists may experience unique occupational health problems due to a constellation of biopsychosocial demands associated with the physical characteristics of the classical guitar, performance techniques, repertoire, and performance practices consistent with the classical
music genre. Unfortunately, epidemiologic studies of classical guitarists are limited. The purpose of this study was to examine musculoskeletal and non-musculoskeletal problems in classical guitarists. METHODS: A sample of 190 classical guitarists completed a web-based survey. The survey assessed
demographics, music-related variables, musician identity, non-musculoskeletal problems, and site-specific pain. Novel interactive body and hand maps were deployed to assess site-specific frequency, intensity, influence on playing, and quality of pain. RESULTS: A total of 168 subjects (88.9%)
reported experiencing classical guitar-related pain in the past year at one or more musculoskeletal sites. The left thenar (25%) was the most prevalent pain site. Pain at the right upper back was reported to influence performance the most. Classical guitarists reported problems with non-musculoskeletal
problems at rates similar or higher to other instrument-specific groups. CONCLUSION: Classical guitarists are an understudied group of musicians who experience occupational health problems. The novel assessment protocols developed for this study produced outcomes that may be helpful to both
clinicians and pedagogues.
Optimization of nanostructured/nano sized rice husk ash preparation
Authors: Mostafa Medhat , Salah Hamdy , Saddek Amro B. , Shehata Nabila
Published: September 2020

The objective of the study is developing a procedure for production and characterization of rice husk ash (RHA). The effects of rice husk (RH) amount, burning/cooling conditions combined with stirring on producing of RHA with amorphous silica, highest SiO2, lowest loss on ignition (LOI), uniform particle shape distribution and nano structured size have been studied. It is concluded that the best amount is 20 g RH in 125 ml evaporating dish Porcelain with burning for 2 h at temperature 700 °C combined with cooling three times during burning to produce RHA with amorphous silica, SiO2 90.78% and LOI 1.73%. On the other hand, cooling and stirring times affect the variation of nano structured size and particle shape distribution. However, no crystalline phases were found in RHA in all cases. Results proved that the Attritor ball mill was more suitable than vibration disk mill for pulverizing nano structured RHA with 50% of particle size (D50) lower than 45 mm and 99 % of particle size (D99) lower than 144 mm to nanosized RHA with D50 lower than 36 nm and D99 lower than 57 nm by grinding time 8.16 min to every 1 g RHA without changes in morphousity of silica.
A Comparison Between Two Shape Parameters Estimators for (Burr-XII) Distribution
Authors: Kareem Shurooq Ahmed
Published: September 2020

This paper deals with defining Burr-XII, and how to obtain its p.d.f., and CDF, since this distribution is one of failure distribution which is compound distribution from two failure models which are Gamma model and weibull model. Some equipment may have many important parts and the probability distributions representing which may be of different types, so found that Burr by its different compound formulas is the best model to be studied, and estimated its parameter to compute the mean time to failure rate. Here Burr-XII rather than other models is consider  because it is used to model a wide variety of phenomena including crop prices, household income, option market price distributions, risk and travel time. It has two shape-parameters (α, r) and one scale parameter (λ) which is considered known. So, this paper  defines the p.d.f. and CDF and derives its Moments formula about origin, and also derive the Moments estimators of two shapes parameters (α, r) in addition to maximum likelihood estimators as well as percentile estimators, the scale parameter (λ) is not estimated (as it is considered known). The comparison between three methods is done through simulation procedure taking different sample size (n=30, 60, 90) and different sets of initial values for (α, r, λ).It is observed that the moment estimators  are the best estimator with percentage (46%) ,(42%) respectively compared with other estimators.
RMSRS: Rover Multi-purpose Surveillance Robotic System
Authors: AL-TAMEEMI Muaad Issa
Published: September 2020

The development of the internet of things (IoT) and the internet of robotics (IoR) are becoming more and more involved with our daily lives. It serves a variety of tasks some of them are essential to us. The main objective of SRR is to develop a surveillance system for detecting suspicious and targeted places for users without any loss of human life. This paper shows the design and implementation of a robotic surveillance platform for real-time monitoring with the help of image processing, which can explorer places of difficult access or high risk. The robotic live streaming is via two cameras, the first one is fixed straight on the road and the second one is dynamic with tilt-pan ability. All cameras have image processing capabilities to analyze, detect and track objects plus few other graphical functions. The components mentioned above built on top of the four-wheel vehicle system with high torque to provide mobility on rough terrain. This work is based on Raspberry Pi and can be controlled over Wi-Fi locally or publicly over the internet. The results show making a high potential, relatively low price robot with lots of features and functions that can perform multiple tasks simultaneously, all are crucial to surveillance and monitoring problems, controlled by a user from far distances and for a long time.
Modification of Irisin Level in Overweight/Obese Women during Pregnancy and Its Association with Some Metabolic Risk Factors
Authors: Hamza Mohammad Ahmad , Al Tamer Yassar Yahya , Al habib Omar Abdulmajeed
Published: September 2020

Irisin is a novel myokine and adipokine, its role during pregnancy and its association with some metabolic risk factors especially pre-pregnancy body mass index (pre-BMI) need more evaluation. The aim of the study is to find whether the pre-BMI could predict irisin levels during normal pregnancy and to clarify associations of irisin with some pathological parameters.

Irisin levels were estimated by ELISA in sera of 59 normal pregnant women who enrolled from December 2016 to May 2017 at Maternity Hospital, Zakho city, Kurdistan region (Iraq). Thirty-two normal-weight pregnant (pre-BMI≤24.9 kg/m2, Age=24.03 mean±3.7standard deviation) and 27 overweight/obese-pregnant (pre-BMI>25 kg/m2, Age=27.6 mean±3.9 standard deviation) were accounted for each trimester as10: 8 in first trimester, 10:10 in second trimester and12:9 in third trimester respectively. Twenty-two healthy married non-pregnant women of reproductive age served as controls, accounted as 10 normal-weight women (BMI ≤24.9 kg/m2) and 12 overweight/obese women (BMI>25 kg/m2).

In pregnant women as a whole, irisin level significantly increased compared to control (p=0.003), and correlated with the pre-BMI, FBS, TP and HOMA2-IR. Pre-BMI and TP predicted irisin levels in a whole study population (p=0.011 and 0.014 respectively). In Overweight/Obese-pregnant, irisin increased significantly by 55.3% in first trimester compared with Overweight/Obese women control, then decreased progressively toward the end of gestation, correlated with TP, Albumin, FBS, HOMA2-IR and negatively correlated with gestational weight gained. TP and FBS independently predicted irisin level in Overweight/Obese-pregnant group.

Conclusion: Circulating irisin levels are influenced by pre-BMI, and both of TP and FBS predict irisin levels in overweight/obese pregnant. Irisin level should be a radical factor in future studies for pathological conditions linked to hypoproteinemias such as edema and hepatic disease.
Acute effect of green tea catechins on uric acid metabolism after alcohol ingestion in Japanese men
Authors: Kawakami Yuka , Yasuda Arisa , Hayashi Motoki , Akiyama Misuzu , Asai Toshihiko , Hosaka Toshio , Arai Hidekazu
Published: September 2020

Alcohol consumption is associated with hyperuricemia and gout. Previous studies have indicated a role for green tea catechins in uric acid (UA) metabolism. This study aimed to elucidate the acute effect of green tea catechins in terms of enhancing urinary excretion of UA and xanthine/hypoxanthine (Xa/HX; UA precursors) after alcohol ingestion. In a randomized crossover study, ten healthy Japanese subjects consumed test meals, including a Japanese distilled spirit (Shōchū) with water (SW) or Shōchū with catechin-rich green tea (SC), each containing 20 g of alcohol. The SC contained 617 mg of catechin in total. Serum and urine UA and Xa/HX concentrations were measured. Blood samples were collected after 2.5 h, and urine samples were collected between 0 and 5 h after consuming the test meal. Urine UA and Xa/HX excretions were significantly higher in the SC group than in the SW group. UA clearance and fractional UA excretion tended to increase more in the SC group than in the SW group. No significant differences in serum UA and Xa/Hx concentrations were observed between two groups. It was concluded that green tea catechins can enhance the excretion of UA and Xa/HX, even though alcohol is ingested.
ddRAD-seq Reveals Cryptic Phylogeographic Structure and Adaptive Population Differentiation of Hyporhamphus Intermedius in Heterogeneous Environments from China Mainland
Authors: Wang Gongpei , Lai Han , Bi Sheng , Guo Dingli , Zhao Xiaopin , Chen Xiaoli , Liu Shuang , Liu Xuange , Su Yuqin , Yi Huadong , Li Guifeng
Published: September 2020

BackgroundSpecies differentiation and local adaptation in heterogeneous environments have been getting a large focus but poor knowledge of the mechanism. With widespread in coastal areas and the hyperdiverse freshwater systems in China, Hyporhamphus intermedius is an excellent material for phylogeography and local adaptation research. Here, 156 individuals were sampled in 8 sites from heterogeneous aquatic habitats to comprehend environmental and genetic contributions to phenotypic divergence. Results32,744 SNPs among populations and obvious population differentiation was found by ddRAD-seq among groups from the different watersheds. Population genetic structure was partly geographic, successfully classifying all individuals into three genetic subgroups corresponding to the North, the South and the Plateau Lakes with more migrations within region. Due to the transplant event, the strikingly increasing divergence in a short time indicated the tendency of local differentiation for introduced populations in the Plateau Lakes. Dorsal and anal traits varied widely between the Southern and others, which highlighted previously unrecognized lineages. Furthermore, we inferred the whole population is in response to balancing selection from neutrality test with positive value (Tajima's D=2.773), and demographic history underlay two main split events from the northern ancestral population. Subgroup ranges appear to counterparts to geographic regions with heterogeneous hydrological factors, indicating these features are likely important drivers of diversification.ConclusionsAccordingly, our results revealed that genetic polymorphism and divergence of Hyporhamphus intermedius in heterogeneous environments might be ascribed to a consequence of balancing selection, gene flow at microscales, and the impact of abiotic factors, verifying potentially that genetic differences among populations are the result of both genetic canalization and plastic responses to environmental heterogeneity.
With Antibiotic Cement Versus Without Antibiotic Cement in the Treatment of Tibial Osteomyelitis After Radical Debridement: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Yang Jinxing , Han Yun , Liu Lijun , Chen Hongxian , Huang Junfeng , Xu Xu
Published: September 2020

Background: In most of the cases, antibiotic cement is recommended to fill the dead space after debridement of osteomyelitis. As to local Cierny-Mader Type IV tibial osteomyelitis, radical debridement of the infected bone can be achieved, after that, is it still necessary to apply antibiotic cement to the dead space? This study was aimed to answer the question.Methods: From January 2010 to January 2015, 64 patients with local Cierny-Mader Type IV tibial osteomyelitis were included and randomly divided into two groups. Patients in the cement group were treated with antibiotic-impregnated bone cement after radical debridement of the infected bone (cement group), while the other patients in the without cement group were not applied any cement after the same debridement (without cement group). Both groups were operated by the same surgical team and applied Ilizarov bone transport to fill the bone defect.Result: All patients in both groups achieved successful healing with bone union at both corticotomy and tibial docking sites. At the end of follow-up，there was one case of infection recurrence in each groups. There were no differences in demographics and clinical variables between the two groups. There was also no difference either in terms of bone results or functional results between the two groups (c 2=0.006 for bone results and c 2=1.339 for functional results). But there was significant difference in terms of total hospitalization expenses between the two groups (P＜0.001, the cement group was much higher than the without cement group).Conclusion: When radical debridement is achieved in dealing with local Cierny-Mader Type IV tibial osteomyelitis, it is no need to apply antibiotics cement in the dead space, but it needs more cases to increase the convincingness.Trial registration: ChiCTR-TNRC-10002837，retrospectively registered.
Analysis of Histology and Long Noncoding RNAs Involved in the Rabbit Hair Follicle Density using RNA Sequencing
Authors: Ding Haisheng , Zhao Huiling , Zhao Xiaowei , Qi Yunxia , Wang Xiaofei , Huang Dongwei
Published: September 2020

Background: Hair follicle density influences wool fibre production, which is one of the most important traits of the Wan strain Angora rabbit. However, molecular mechanisms regulating hair follicle density have remained elusive. Results: In this study, hair follicle density at different body sites of Wan strain Angora rabbits with high and low wool production (HWP and LWP) was investigated by histological analysis. Haematoxylin-eosin staining showed a higher hair follicle density in the skin of the HWP rabbits. The long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) profile was investigated by RNA sequencing, and 50 and 38 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and genes, respectively, were screened between the HWP and LWP groups. A gene ontology analysis revealed that phospholipid, lipid metabolic, apoptotic, lipid biosynthetic, and lipid and fatty acid transport processes were significantly enriched. Potential functional lncRNAs that regulate lipid metabolism, amino acid synthesis, as well as the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) and hedgehog signalling pathways, were identified. Consequently, five lncRNAs (LNC_002171, LNC_000797, LNC_005567, LNC_013595, and LNC_020367) were considered to be potential regulators of hair follicle density and development. Three DE lncRNAs and genes were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR). Conclusions: LncRNA profiles provide information on lncRNA expression to improve the understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of hair follicle density.
Phosphoproteome Reveals the Lactation Mechanism in Caprine Mammary Gland Tissues in Peak and Late Lactation Stages
Authors: Zhu Chao , Yin Hao , Duan Quyu , Li Fu , Jiang Yue , Zhu Junru , He Yonglong , Li Wenfei , Wang Zhanhang , An Xiaopeng
Published: September 2020

Background: Protein phosphorylation plays an important role in lactation. Differentially modified modification sites between peak lactation (PL, 90 days postpartum) and late lactation (LL, 280 days postpartum) were investigated using an integrated approach, namely, liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and tandem mass tag (TMT) labelling, to understand the molecular biological mechanisms in goat breast tissues.Results: A total of 1,938 (1,111 up-regulated, 827 down-regulated) differentially modified modification sites of 1,172 proteins were identified (P values < 0.05 and fold change of phosphorylation ratios > 1.5). In addition, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that ribosome (chx03010), RNA transport (chx03013), protein export (chx03060), calcium signalling pathway (chx04020), oxytocin signalling pathway (chx04921), RNA degradation (chx03018) and MAPK signalling pathway (chx04010) were enriched in relation to energy metabolism and protein translation. The results of western blot showed phosphorylation levels of ACACA, EIF4EBP1 and IRS1 increased and JUN decreased in PL compared with LL. The result was consistent with phosphoproteome. Conclusions: Overall, these data indicate that protein phosphorylation is closely related to lactation and differentially modified modification sites might have potential research value in the regulation of goat lactation.
Characterization of Newly Established Pralatrexate-resistant Cell Lines and the Mechanisms of Resistance
Authors: Hosono Naoko , Oiwa Kana , Nishi Rie , Scott Luigi , O’Connor Owen A. , Yamauchi Takahiro
Published: September 2020

Background
Pralatrexate (PDX) is a novel antifolate approved for the treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma. However, some patients exhibit intrinsic resistance or develop acquired resistance to PDX. Here, we evaluated the mechanisms underlying acquired drug resistance and identified strategies to prevent resistance.
Methods
We established two PDX-resistant T-lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines (CEM and MOLT4) through repeated escalating exposure to PDX. Gene expression analysis and methylation profiling were performed to identify the mechanisms of resistance. We then explored rational drug:drug combinations to prevent resistance.
Results
PDX-resistant cells exhibited a 30-fold increase in half-maximal inhibitory concentration values compared with those of their parental cells. Induction of apoptosis by PDX was significantly decreased in both PDX-resistant cell lines. Intracellular uptake of [14C]-PDX decreased in PDX-resistant CEM cells, and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) expression was increased in PDX-resistant MOLT4 cells. Gene expression array analysis revealed that DNA-methyltransferase 3β expression was significantly elevated in both cell lines. Moreover, decitabine plus PDX showed synergistic effects in drug-resistant cell lines compared with parental lines. In addition, both PDX-resistant cell lines showed sensitivity to nucleoside analogs, i.e., cytarabine and forodesine.
Conclusions
This is the first study to explore the specific mechanisms of PDX resistance in T-cell lymphoma. The resistance mechanisms were associated with reduced cellular uptake of PDX and overexpression of DHFR. Epigenetic alterations were also considered to play a role in the resistance mechanism. The cells exhibited increased sensitivity to nucleoside analogs. These results could facilitate rational combinations to improve the clinical efficacy of PDX.
A Feasibility Study of the Mistletoe and Breast Cancer (MAB) Trial: A Protocol for a Randomised Double-blind Controlled Trial
Authors: Bryant Susan , Duncan Lorna , Feder Gene , Huntley Alyson
Published: September 2020

Background: A Cochrane review of mistletoe therapy concludes that there is some evidence that mistletoe extracts may offer benefits on measures of quality of life during chemotherapy for breast cancer, but these results need replication. Our aim was to test the feasibility of a placebo controlled, double blind randomised controlled trial of mistletoe therapy in patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy. Methods/design: A placebo controlled, double blind randomised controlled trial of mistletoe therapy in patients with breast cancer. There will be three arms (groups) in the trial: Iscador M, Iscador P, with physiological saline as the placebo. The aim is to recruit 45 adult patients with a new diagnosis of early or locally advanced breast cancer, up to 12 weeks following definitive breast surgery whose standard treatment plan includes chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy. They will be taught to administer the MAB therapies subcutaneously and will titrate up to their optimal dose. MAB therapy will continue throughout their standard chemotherapy and radiotherapy and one month beyond. The main outcome of the MAB study is the feasibility of conducting such a trial within the NHS in order to inform a future fully powered investigative trial. Feasibility will be measured through recruitment, retention and patient experience using clinical research forms, patient diaries, cancer-related questionnaires and qualitative interviews conducted with both patients and oncology staff.Discussion: This trial is the first of its kind in the UK. Currently mistletoe therapy is mostly available through private practice in the UK. Completion of this feasibility study will support applications for further funding for a fully powered randomised controlled trial which will measure effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of this herbal therapy.
Lifecycle Management of Insecticides Used for Disease Vector Control: A Global Survey
Authors: Berg Henk van den , Bezerra Haroldo Sergio da Silva , Chanda Emmanuel , Al-Eryani Samira , Nagpal Bhupender Nath , Gasimov Elkhan , Velayudhan Raman , Yadav Rajpal Singh
Published: September 2020

Background: Vector control plays a critical role in the prevention, control and elimination of vector-borne diseases, and interventions of vector control continue to depend largely on the action of chemical insecticides. A global survey was conducted on the lifecycle management practices of vector control insecticides at country level to identify gaps to inform future strategies to improve efficacy of interventions and reduce the side effects of chemicals used on health and the environment.Methods: A survey by questionnaire was disseminated among all WHO Member States on the lifecycle management practices of vector control insecticides at country level. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics.Results: Responses were received from 94 countries, indicating a response rate of 48%. Capacity for insecticide resistance monitoring has been established in part of the countries, often with external support; however, this capacity was lacking from other countries. Procurement of vector control insecticides was often taking place at decentralized levels, over which the central authorities lacked control, for example, to select the product or assure quality of the product. Moreover, some countries experienced problems with estimating the correct amounts for procurement, especially for emergency purposes. Countries across regions showed shortcomings in worker safety, pesticide storage practices, and pesticide waste disposal. Shortcomings were most pronounced in countries of the European & Others Group, most of which have long been relatively free from mosquito-borne diseases but have recently faced challenges of re-emerging vector-borne diseases.Conclusions: Critical shortcomings in the management of vector control insecticides are common in countries across regions, with risks of adverse pesticide effects on health and the environment. Advocacy and resource mobilization are needed at regional and country level to address these challenges.
Paternity in male kidney transplant recipients: A French national survey, the PATeRNAL study.
Authors: Boyer Annabel , Lobbedez Thierry , Ouethrani Mohamed , Lecouf Angélique Thuillier , Bouvier Nicolas , Châtelet Valérie , de Ligny Bruno Hurault
Published: September 2020

Background: There is concern about the impact of immunosuppressive agents taken by male kidney transplant (KT) recipients on the risk of foetal malformations. The aim of our survey was to estimate the paternity rate and the outcomes of pregnancies fathered by kidney transplanted males. Methods: This survey analysed 1332 male KT recipients older than 18 years, followed in 13 centres in France. A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect data on the patients, treatments at the time of conception and the pregnancy outcomes.Results: The study included data on 349 children from 404 pregnancies fathered by 232 male KT recipients. The paternity rate was 17% (95% CI [15–20]). There were 37 (9%, 95% CI [7–12]) spontaneous abortions, 12 (3%, 95% CI [2–5]) therapeutic abortions, 2 (0.5%, 95% CI [0.1–1]) still births, and 13 (4%, 95% CI [2–6]) malformations reported. Compared to the general population, there was no difference in the proportion of congenital malformations nor unwanted outcomes whether the father was exposed or not to immunosuppressive agents.Conclusions: This survey does not provide any warning signal that pregnancies fathered by male patients exposed to immunosuppressive agents, notably the debated MMF/MPA, have more complications than pregnancies in the general population.
Molecular Detection of Equid Herpesvirus Type 2 (Ehv-2) and Type 5 (Ehv-5) in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid From Asymptomatic Thoroughbred Horses in Southern Brazil
Authors: Finger Mariane Angélica , Biava Janaina Socolovski , Dornbusch Peterson Triches , Perotta João Henque , Ullmann Leila Sabrina , Serpa Priscila Beatriz da Silva , Santos Andrea Pires dos , BIONDO ALEXANDER WELKER , Leutenegger Christian M. , Filho Ivan Roque de Barros
Published: September 2020

Background: Respiratory conditions are the leading cause of training disruption in racing horses. Molecular approaches to diagnose respiratory viruses have provided an opportunity for early and subclinical pathogen detection, particularly in samples from the upper respiratory tract. Gammaherpesvius (EHV-2 and EHV-5) have variable presentations in horses. However, the infection can be asymptomatic and act as a co-factor for the development of other diseases. In this descriptive observational study, 10 healthy, young horses at regular training in Southern Brazil underwent clinical examination, videoendoscopy of the respiratory system, cytological evaluation of TA (tracheal aspirate) and BALF (bronchoalveolar lavage fluid), along with qPCR, in order to evaluate the presence of EHV-2 and EHV-5 in lower respiratory tract samples and compare with correspondent cytological and endoscopical findings. Results: At least one abnormality per horse during endoscopy examination was observed, including, but not limited to, mucous secretion in the airways and pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia. The presence of EHV-2 and EHV-5 was detected by qPCR in three out of ten animals. One horse was positive for EHV-2 alone, one for EHV-5 alone, and one was positive for both viruses. No videoendoscopic finding correlated with each other neither predicts gammaherpesvirus status (positive or negative test). Additionally, there was no relationship between the percentage of cells in both TA and BALF and the probability to test positive for herpesvirus.Conclusions: To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first molecular detection of EHV-2 and 5 in Brazilian Thoroughbred horses. These findings may provide new insights into the epidemiological situation of EHV-2 and 5 in Brazilian athletic young horses, evidencing the importance of the molecular investigation, early detection, and prevention of respiratory diseases.
“No Thanks, I Don’t Want to See Snakes Again”: A Qualitative Study of Pain Management Versus Preservation of Cognition in Palliative Care Patients
Authors: Wegier Pete , Varenbut Jaymie , Bernstein Mark , Lawlor Peter G , Isenberg Sarina R
Published: September 2020

BackgroundTowards the end of life, use of opioid analgesics becomes more common in patients to control pain and improve quality of life. While pain medication may help manage pain, unwanted cognitive side effects are frequently noted. This balancing act presents a trade-off for patients between pain relief and adverse effects, where the desire to relieve pain must be evaluated against the desire to maintain cognitive clarity and may represent a difficult decision for patients receiving palliative care. Our goal was to understand how patients’ decision making about pain medications balances the pain relief from those medications against the cognitive decline often associated with them.MethodsWe conducted qualitative semi-structured interviews with patients receiving home-based palliative care from a program in Toronto, Canada. Interview recordings were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsThirty-one interviews were conducted. Some patients preferred cognitive preservation over pain management because of a sense that cognition is central to their identity, the desire to maintain lucidity, a desire to continue participating in work or hobbies, and fear of addiction. Conversely, some patients preferred pain management over cognitive preservation because of a desire to avoid suffering, an inability to sleep without medications, or an acceptance of some cognitive compromise. A few patients attempted to find balance through tapering drugs, limiting their use of breakthrough analgesic doses, or using alternative strategies. ConclusionsDecision making around pain and pain management is a highly preference-sensitive process—with no clear right or wrong decisions, only the preferences of each patient. The findings from this study may influence the design of future patient-facing decision aids around pain management. Future studies should pilot interventions to better assist patients with this decision.
A Cross-sectional Investigation of Latrine and Pure Water Coverage and Related Factors Among Residence of Negele town, Arsi zone, Southeast Ethiopia
Authors: Dagaga Diriba Temesgen , Geleta Girma Deboch
Published: September 2020

BackgroundAccess to safe water and improved sanitation contributes to the human heath and socio-economic development of a country. This study was conducted to assess the latrine and pure water coverage and related factors among dwellers of Negele town, Arsi zone, southeast EthiopiaMethodTwo kebeles (administrative units) were randomly selected from each zone of the town to collect data via questionnaires from randomly selected households (380), via interview from purposely selected key informants (40) and via personal observation employing a cross-sectional survey design from April-May 2018. Data were analyzed using microsoft Excel program and the results were expressed using table as frequencie and percentages . ResultLatrine coverage of the town was low (45%) mainly due to shortage of land and fund. Among the available latrines, 75% were closer than recommended distance (6m) to kitchens, 52.3% lacked roofs, 53% lacked doors, and 100% lacked hole cover and water to clean. Latrine lacking households defecate in various sites of the environment with problems on environmental sanitation, personal safety and health issues. Similarly, pure water coverage was very low (7.6%) as a result of deficient water sources and non-functioning pipe lines forcing the people to use unprotected water source or expend much time in fetching water from private taps.Conclusion Latrine and pure water coverage of Negele town was far less than the national Millennium Development Goal (MDG) which targetted 100% improved hygiene and sanitation coverage by 2015. The big gap demonstrated by this study may intiate the admistration of the town to provide land, arrange loan or search for aids for the construction of standardized private and public toilets. Searching additional water sources like underground water and maintaining non-functional and/or constructing new pipe lines may also be promoted as a result of this study to improve the pure water coverage of the town. Public participatory plans may also be designed to solve shortage of latrine and water coverage of the town via continuous awareness creation.