bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perjumpaan Injil dan Budaya Di Kepulauan Sabu-Raijua Pada Abad XIX & XX
Authors: Hawu Haba Yuda  D.
Published: July 2021

The encounter between the gospel and culture whenever and wherever in the history of the church can take place well or can be useful for both if there is dialogue, openness to give and receive one another. A temporary answer and as one of the hermeneutical tasks, namely the effort to find out in-depth not only the meaning of something but also the background and all the processes why people arrive at this understanding. This is not an easy job. The hermeneutic method towards the Bible (text) but also on culture (context). The encounter between the gospel and culture must be contextual so that it gives a very deep meaning to humans. However, it should be remembered that contextualization is not just a tool of evangelism or a strategy to evangelize so that people will become Christians. This writing is not only a memory but also hoped to be able to renew our souls and movements as members of the congregation, in general, is looking to the future and carrying out God's calling tasks during a dynamically moving world. Believe that the Spirit of God gives light so that we can read this article through the eyes of faith and knowledge.
THE GLOBAL POLITICAL IMPACT OF THE CORONA-VIRUS PANDEMIC
Authors: HUȘANU Mihaela
Published: July 2021

The Coronavirus pandemic has put profound pressure on the democratic electoral system around the world. Many national and regional elections, as well as referendums werepostponed, while others took place in a form adapted to the acute health crisis. The pandemic affected not only the actual conduct of election campaigns, which, due to health restrictions,used the online environment extensively, but also national public agendas. Issues such as public health, social and economic inequality, violations of individual rights and freedoms, as a resultof measures to prevent the risk of infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, have come to the fore. The crisis has generated unpredictable and potentially disastrous results, from the collapse ofmainstream (traditional) parties to the emergence of new leaders and new political parties, some with strong extremist orientations. How has the Coronavirus pandemic changed theperception of the electorate and how has this perception influenced voting in times of crisis?Keywords: pandemic; Coronavirus; crisis; democracy; elections; impact
THE LEGAL SYSTEM AND THE NATIONAL DEFENSE SYSTEM. REPORTS AND FUNCTIONALITY
Authors: POPA Marius
Published: July 2021

Within any legal system, implicitly also in the national one, the Constitution stands out as important, a fundamental law that represents the supreme system of political-legalnorms. Article 118 para. 2 of the The Constitution of Romania states that "The structure of the national defense system, the preparation of the population, economy and territory for defense, as well as the status of military personnel, are established by organic law" and, in light of the above regulation, the headquarters of the matter regarding the national defense system is represented by Law no. 45/1994 of the national defense of Romania, with the subsequent modifications and completions, this being established, at art. 6, the fact that the national defense system includes: leadership, forces, resources and territorial infrastructure. On the other hand, collaboration with partners or allies within NATO or strategic partnerships is an essential component of national and regional security.Thus, the participation of the armed forces in missions and operations outside the territory of the Romanian state, the entry, stationing, conduct of operations or transit of Romanian territory by foreign armed forces, or Romania's participation in the Missile Defense System, are legally substantiated issues. on a complex set of normative acts which, through their interpenetration, through the existing relations between them, manage to create a true pillar of the national and collective defense.Keywords: national defense system; Supreme Council of National Defense; defense planning.
OLD METHODS IN THE NEW FRAMEWORK”. STRATEGY OF GREY ZONES IN HYBRID WARFARE
Authors: SYKULSKI Leszek
Published: July 2021

The concept of waging conflict in Grey Zones was adopted in the US community of international security analysts several years ago. It refers to the use of primarily non-militaryinstruments to create spaces of deep conflict at multiple social, political, cultural, religious and economic levels. These conflicts take place below the threshold of war. One of the first concepts that we can consider as the genesis of this type of strategy is the concept of rebel wars created in the 1960s, by the Russian strategist, Colonel Yevgeny Messner. This new type of war was to be characterised by the predominance of civilian combat, the key importance of psychological impact and the decisive importance of the use of troops and special services. Messner also pointed to the growing role of terror in the conduct of military operations. Another important feature of the new concept was the “denationalisation of war”. Fighting social groups, military and paramilitary sub-units were to be deprived of recognition marks.Keywords: insurgency wars, asymmetric conflicts, hybrid wars, Yevgeny Messner, grey zones.
COMBINING SOFT POWER WITH THE GEOPOLITICAL APPROACH - HOW DIFFICULT IS FOR THE EU TO CHANGE ITS ATTITUDE?
Authors: CARP Radu
Published: July 2021

After gradually evolving from an economic project to a political one, European Union leaders declare nowadays that it is time to go forward and to build a geopolitical actor on the international stage. This paper does make an account on the current stage of relevant geopolitical actors and how they view EU. In order to address this issue, EU have to focus more on its soft power instruments, like multilateralism and the promotion of democracy, rule of law and human rights, and also climate change, apart from hard power instruments like trade, security and defense, cybersecurity and data privacy.Keywords: democracy, European Union, geopolitics, human rights, multilateralism, rule of law, soft power.
BLACK SEA SECURITY AND ASYMMETRIC MILITARY THREATS IN THE 21ST CENTURY: NEW TRENDS AND NEW CHALLENGES
Authors: MAISAIA Vakhtang
Published: July 2021

The Black Sea region is increasingly becoming a priority on the international agenda. In fact, a regional approach is emerging as actors understand that common problems need tobe addressed jointly. Nevertheless, cooperation efforts are hampered by a number of factors, such as uneven economic and political development within and among countries, nationalist forces, and longstanding animosities between regional players. In this context, it is imperative to foster sound policies aimed at strengthening dialogue and cooperation so as to contain and ultimately resolve conflicts with peaceful means. However, there is little policy-oriented research on the challenges and opportunities for cooperation in the Black Sea region. The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of terrorism and its dangers towards the Black Sea region. The work also describes the significance of international terrorism and its general definitions. Besides, the result and findings are based on theoretical studies and assumptions and the result of the analysis of the "Case Study" of the Black Sea region. Case study examines how the Black Sea region influences the spread of terrorism and what threats it poses for this region. Furthermore, the aspects of what makes the region important on international arena are analyzed and the existent and potential security issues are examined, as well as strategicimportance of the region for the EU and NATO is analyzed even from academic framework –“Securitization” theory322. The theory is based on security studies conceptual background and the background spectrum includes: the Copenhagen School and Critical security studies as the type323.Keywords: Black Sea region, Copenhagen School, Critical security studies, Securitization,NATO, EU, Georgia’s national security
THE UNEXPLOITED POTENTIAL OF RELATIONS WITH INDONESIA, A LONG-TERM GEOSTRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP
Authors: SÎRBU Dragoș Andrei
Published: July 2021

Trade and investment exchanges between Romania and Indonesia are almost nonexistent. However, Indonesia, the largest economy within the Association of Southeast AsianNations (ASEAN) and also a country on a gradually rise, consolidated and visible on the global stage, being considered the sixth emerging economy in the world, represents the premises for the exploitation of the special economic potential that can outline a geostrategic construction of the Romanian-Indonesian bilateral relations.Keywords: EU, Indonesia, Romania, ASEAN, trade, bilateral relations, strategic partnership
CONSIDERATIONS ON THE POLICIES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION TO ACHIEVE NATIONAL INTERESTS IN ITS NEAR ABROAD
Authors: ȘARAMET Sergiu
Published: July 2021

The policies of the Russian Federation in its near abroad have been constantly changing. Taking into account this consideration, it is important to know what were thedetermining factors that influenced the policy orientation of the Russian Federation in the pursuit of national interests in those areas. In this context, are analyzed the policies through which the Russian Federation projects national interests in its near abroad such as “hard power”, which include military operations (the involvement of Russian troops as“peacekeeping forces” in the Republic of Moldova, Georgia and Tajikistan; stationing of large units and units on the territory of the former union republics; economic sanctions, etc.). In tandem with “hard power” policies, the Russian Federation also uses “soft power” policies (promoting the Russian language and culture, strengthening the presence of the Russian Federation in the information space, supporting the Russian diaspora).Keywords: policies, national interests, “hard power”, “soft power”, economic sanctions, military operations.
NICOLAE TITULESCU: THE LINK BETWEEN THE EUROPEAN SECURITY AND THE INTERNATIONAL SECURITY. THE HERITAGE OF A POLITICAL VISION AND CONSTRUCTION.
Authors: PREDA Dumitru
Published: July 2021

The author evokes Nicolae Titulescu’ personality, thought and actions in favor of strengthening the multilateral cooperation for peace and security during the interwar period.To him – a profound democratic and visionary spirit with a solid legal, philosophical, and political background, and a considerable international experience – the long-lasting Peacemeans nothing if not built on the only foundation suited to support it – Security. But in his view, security has always been closely linked to the manifestation of sovereignty of independent states and national identity. In conclusion, Titulescu’s political stance, his remarkable diplomatic work aiming at setting up a solid European and international security system able to deter the aggressor, bring peace and raise trust among nations, continue to be a stimulative example and an appeal still valid in its fundamental nature for the necessary and constructive steps to be taken in order to give meaning and continuity to our lives in the Third Millennium when we have to face so many crucial existential challenges.Keywords: Nicolae Titulescu, Romania, Europe, Great Powers, Latin America, League of Nations, peace, European and International Security, alliances, The Little Entente, The BalkanPact.
Un ambiente de aprendizaje para el desarrollo de procesos de lectura a través de la escucha en niveles iniciales de primaria
Authors: Castillo-Ruiz Danith Zorelly
Published: July 2021

Este artículo presenta el resultado de una investigación cuyo objetivo fue la creación de un Ambiente de Aprendizaje (AA) que desarrollara procesos de lectura a través del audiolibro en niveles iniciales de primaria. Lo anterior a partir de la pregunta ¿Cuáles son los fundamentos pedagógicos y didácticos para un estudio didáctico orientado al diseño y posterior aplicación de una Trayectoria Hipotética de Aprendizaje (THA) que desarrolle procesos de comprensión lectora en español a través de la escucha? Considerando esto se realizó la fundamentación teórica, a partir de siete categorías vinculadas a la lectura, la didáctica, el audiolibro, las THA, el bilingüismo en español y los AA. Lo anterior permitió construir una THA que considerara los aprendizajes previos, los objetivos y las tareas que desarrollaran los procesos de lectura/escucha. Se concluye presentando la importancia de realizar un estudio didáctico previo a la enseñanza que impactará de manera significativa el aprendizaje.
El discurso del cómic de superhéroes y las Relaciones Internacionales
Authors: Bertel Geisy , Casagua Guerrero Camila Alejandra
Published: July 2021

Los comics son historias narradas por medio de viñetas, mediante las cuales pueden transmitir ciertos tipos de valores culturales, discursos, sentimientos, emociones e ideologías. En el siguiente artículo se evidencia cómo los cómics de superhéroes, a lo largo de los años, han servido como instrumentos para articular distintos tipos de discursos en función de los intereses de ciertos países. Teóricamente esta estrategia se conoce como diplomacia cultural, la cual permite que se exporten diferentes ideas por medio de productos culturales, que pueden incentivar discursos nacionalistas en todo el mundo. En este sentido, se presenta la relación que existe entre la trama de las historietas y los contextos históricos en la dimensión de las relaciones internacionales para descubrir cómo el discurso del cómic de superhéroes es utilizado como instrumento de maniobra política en las relaciones internacionales.
Oportunidades para la inclusión y la educación en diversidad. Una entrevista a la Fundación DiverversidadES
Authors: Muñoz Sánchez Carlos Mario
Published: July 2021

Esta entrevista se realiza a los fundadores de esta red internacional que trabaja por el respeto, la formación y la investigación de los temas de diversidad en Latinoamérica.
MOTIVOS DA INVIABILIDADE DE PARES DE CRUZAMENTOS CONTROLADOS DE EUCALYPTUS
Authors: Souza Genaina Aparecida de , Gandra Karoliny do Carmo , Santos Gleison Augusto dos , Takahashi Elizabete Keiko , Leite Fernando Palha
Published: July 2021

O gênero Eucalyptus ocupa uma extensa área no Brasil, com grande importância econômica. Dentro de programas de melhoramento, a propagação por sementes é viável e utilizada comercialmente, principalmente por pequenos viveiros de mudas e também para produção de jardins clonais. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar alterações anatômicas em sementes oriundas de diversos cruzamentos de Eucalyptus. Foram coletados botões fl orais/frutos de quatro diferentes materiais genéticos (E. grandis; E. urophylla; E. urophylla x E. grandis; E. urophylla autofecundado). As coletas foram realizadas a cada 15 dias, a partir da antese, sendo coletadas de cruzamentos consideradas de boa e má produção de sementes. Os materiais que foram autofecundados originavam poucas sementes e algumas inviáveis. As amostras coletadas foram fi xadas em FAA50 (formaldeído, ácido acético, etanol a 50% - 1: 1: 18 - volume:volume), foram armazenados em etanol a 70%. Em seguida, desidratadas em séries etanólicas e incluídas em resina metacrilato (Historesin-Leica). As amostras foram cortadas em um micrótomo rotativo de avançado automático (modelo RM2155, Leica microsystems Inc., Deerfi eld, EUA), com espessura de 5 μm. Para determinação das características anatômicas, as imagens foram obtidas em um microscópio acoplado a uma câmera e (modelo AX-70 TRF, Olympus Optical, Tóquio, Japão). Observamos que os botões fl orais que apresentavam maior lignifi cação originavam sementes com ovário funcional com os lóculos reduzidos. O que contribuiu para formação de sementes inviáveis, com tegumento espessado e células do endosperma anormais. Quando era possível observar a formação do ovário, este era constituído de tecidos altamente lignifi cados, com muitos esclereídes. Já os botões fl orais com menor lignifi cação, apresentavam ovários com lóculos bem desenvolvidos, para abrigar as sementes de aparência normal, com tegumento constituído de apenas uma camada e endosperma com células bem delimitadas e nucleadas. Assim, concluímos que nossos resultados evidenciam que alterações anatômicas, provavelmente de caráter genético, incompatibilidade, geram sementes inviáveis e/ou em baixa quantidade, difi cultando a realização de determinados cruzamentos de interesse.
Analisis Rantai Pemasaran dan Pola Distribusi Kepiting Bakau (Scylla serrata) di Dobo, Kabupaten Kepulauan Aru, Provinsi Maluku
Authors: William G Billy , Ediyanto
Published: July 2021

Kepiting bakau (Scylla serrata) merupakan salah satu komoditas perikanan pada habitat perairan pantai, khususnya di daerah hutan bakau (mangrove). Kepiting bakau sebagai salah satu potensi daerah Maluku khususnya di daerah Dobo adalah salah satu dari beberapa komoditas penjualan yang sangat menjanjikan. Sistem pemasaran kepiting bakau di Dobo menggunakan dua saluran pemasaran. Efisiensi pemasaran dari kedua saluran pemasaran ini dapat di lihat dari analisis margin pemasaran, B/C ratio, Market Share dan Fisherman’s Share. Pada analisis margin pemasaran dari perhitungan kedua margin pemasaran masing- masing total margin pemasaran pada saluran pemasaran pertama sebesar Rp 62.100.000 dan total margin pemasaran pada saluran pemasaran kedua sebesar Rp 63.300.000 , sedangkan pada hasil perhitungan B/C ratio dari kedua saluran pemasaran ini saluran pemasaran pertama memiliki nilai sebesar Rp 1,47 sedangkan pada saluran pemasaran kedua memiliki nilai sebesar Rp 1,35 . Pada hasil perhitungan Market Share pada saluran pemasaran pertama menunjukan bahwa pedagang pengecer (54%) memegang peranan penting dalam Market Share pada saluran pemasaran pertama, sedangkan pada saluran pemasaran kedua Market Share tertinggi didapatkan dari pedagang pengecer sebesar 46%. Pada hasil perhitungan fisherman’s share dapat disimpulkan bahwa untuk kedua saluran pemasaran persentase hasil bagian yang diterima nelayan terbesar terdapat pada saluran pemasaran kedua yang dimana pada hal ini bagian yang diterima oleh nelayan adalah dari lembaga pemasaran yaitu agen sebesar 38%.
Stenotic Intercondylar Notch as a Risk Factor for Physeal-Sparing ACL Reconstruction Failure: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Tuca María , Gausden Elizabeth , Luderowski Eva , Valderrama Ignacio , Pineda Tomas , Potter Hollis , Cordasco Frank , Green Daniel
Published: July 2021

Introduction:

Identifying risk factors is crucial for developing strategies that minimize reinjury after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). This study aims to determine whether certain features of intercondylar notch geometry are associated with failure of physeal-sparing ACLRs in skeletally immature athletes.

Methods:

Nine failed physeal-sparing ACLRs were compared with a control subject group of 15 age- and sex-matched intact physeal-sparing ACLRs. Notch width index (NWI), notch angle (NA), and intercondylar notch roof inclination angle (RA) were measured on preoperative MRIs.

Results:

Median NWI was smaller in the failed ACLR versus control subject group in coronal (0.23 versus 0.27; P < 0.05) and axial planes (0.25 versus 0.27; P = 0.055). Median NA was smaller in the failed ACLR versus control subject group in coronal (49.6 versus 61.0°; P < 0.05) and axial planes (48.6° versus 54.9°; P < 0.05). Median RA was steeper in the failed ACLR versus control subject group (132.0° versus 125.7°; P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

NWI, NA, and RA were associated with ACLR failure in skeletally immature patients undergoing physeal-sparing reconstruction. A smaller, narrower, and steeper notch may predispose these patients to reinjury.
Surgical Complications After Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty and Total Shoulder Arthroplasty in the United States
Authors: Ma Gabrielle C. , Bradley Kendall E. , Jansson Hayley , Feeley Brian T. , Zhang Alan L. , Ma C. Benjamin
Published: July 2021

Introduction:

Shoulder arthroplasty has become popular in the treatment of degenerative shoulder conditions in the United States. Shoulder arthroplasty usage has expanded to younger patients with increased surgical indications.

Methods:

Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) and TSA patient records with the 1-year follow-up between 2015 and 2018 were queried from the nationwide PearlDiver Mariner Shoulder Database using International Classification of Disease-10 codes. Chi-square analysis was done to compare the demographics, surgical complications, and revision procedures between RTSA and TSA.

Results:

From 2010 to 2018, there was an increase in shoulder arthroplasty cases because of RTSA. The overall surgical complication and revision procedure rates were 2.26% and 3.56% for RTSA, and 6.36% and 2.42% for TSA. Patients older than 50 years had statistically lower surgical complications after RTSA than TSA (2.25% versus 3.94%, P < 0.05), whereas no statistical difference between RTSA and TSA for patients younger than 50 years (10.06% versus 7.45%, P = 0.19). Male patients had higher RTSA complication rates (3.12% versus 2.28%, P < 0.05), whereas female patients had higher TSA (4.86% versus 5.92%, P < 0.05). History of tobacco, depression, and obesity were risk factors for higher complications.

Conclusion:

RTSA has become more commonly done than TSA in the United States. Older patients who underwent shoulder arthroplasty had lower surgical complication. TSA had a higher surgical complication rate than RTSA for patients older than 50 years.
Utilization of Maternal Health Care Services In an Urban Slum of Bangalore- A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Swetha NB  , Shobha S  , Sriram S
Published: July 2021

Background: Pregnancy is golden period in woman’s life. They must not face any complications during this period. In spite of the developed health care system in India, it is disgraceful to see many mothers who succumb to pregnancy and child birth. Although there is decline in maternal mortality, still India contributes to lot of maternal deaths. Accessibility and utilization of services are two major issues to be addressed immediately.

Objective: The study was to assess the utilization of maternal health care services in urban slum.

Methods: This was a Cross-sectional study. Study was conducted among the postnatal women of an urban slum area in Bangalore. Sample size was 125. Data was collected using a pre-tested questionnaire by interview method. Data regarding socio-demographic profile, antenatal visits, health services utilized, type of health center and also regarding postnatal visits were obtained.

Results: Registration of pregnancy 124 (99.2%), 4 antenatal visits-123 (98.6%), TT doses-121 (96.4%), Institutional delivery was found to be 100%. IFA tablets consumption was only seen in 86 (68.6%). Minimum 3 postnatal visits in 6 months duration were completed by only 93 (74.5%) subjects. Family planning services was adopted by 57 (45.6%). 98 (78%) of the study participants followed Exclusive breastfeeding.

Conclusion: The insights provide an opportunity to develop strategies to address the inadequacies and inequitable distribution of health care services.
Assessment of groundwater quantitative vulnerability to climate change in Slovenia
Authors: UHAN Jože , ANDJELOV Mišo
Published: July 2021

Assessment ofthe potential impact of climate change on groundwater recharge and availability of groundwater resources is as essential in Slovenia as it is elsewhere. Adaptive planning is of immense importance when aiming for reduction of negative impacts, even more so in areas with the highest groundwater exploitation levels and the lowest adaptive capacity. We have assessed quantitative groundwater vulnerability to climate change through potential impact and adaptive capacity indicators for all groundwater bodies in Slovenia. High and moderatly high quantitative groundwater vulnerability can be observed in merely 9 % of Slovenian territory. The highest quantitative vulnerability was accounted to shallow alluvial groundwater bodies in the northeastern part of the country, where the annual change in groundwater recharge due to climate change until the middle of this century is expected to represent more than a quarter of the current average annual groundwater extraction.
Groundwater level oscillation analysis in shallow alluvial aquifers in Pomurje, NE Slovenia
Authors: PAVLIČ Urška , SOUVENT Petra
Published: July 2021

Systematic hydrologic monitoring of groundwater quantity at the national level in Slovenia has been ongoing since 1952. An insight into long-term groundwater level data enables us to delineate parts of aquifers with similar groundwater level oscillation properties as well as to identify changes of those properties in time. We used variety of statistical methods to identify long-term behaviour of groundwater level oscillation of groundwater body (GWB) Murska kotlina. Results showed that fluctuation of groundwater level in time reflect complex set of events that originate in natural or anthropogenic interferences. Using percentile analysis in combination with cluster analysis, we were able to isolate areas with a related groundwater fluctuation. Results of long-term data trends analyses of monthly groundwater level showed the impact of the research area climate on long-term and seasonal groundwater level fluctuation. In addition to natural causes, by performing trend analysis on groundwater level data, we were able identify some human induced interventions into the environment made in the past.
Confirmatory Factors Analysis Practice Level and Guidelines for Developing Teachers' Performance Standards and Conduct Standards
Authors: Phusee-orn Songsak
Published: July 2021

The objectives of this research are 1) to analyze the confirmatory factors performance standards and conduct standards of teachers who have been certified through the Teachers' Council of Professional Knowledge Standards training 2) to study the level of compliance with performance standards and conduct standards, and 3) to study the development guidelines according to performance standards and conduct standards. The samples consisted of 348 persons who passed the teachers' professional knowledge training standard of the Teachers Council of Thailand by Multi-Stage Random Sampling. The instruments used to collect data are: quality-validated questionnaires from experts and try out before use. Analyze data with Second-Order Confirmatory Factor Analysis, S.D., and Content Analysis. The results of the research were as follows: 1) The second-order confirmatory factors analysis on performance standards showed that the model was consistent with the empirical data. It shows that the performance standard consisted of 12 factors. In terms of conduct standards, it found that the model was consistent with the empirical data additionally. It showed that the standard of conduct consisted of 5 factors. 2) Compliance with overall performance standards is at a high level and conduct standards are at a very high level. 3) There are seven development guidelines according to performance standards and six guidelines for development according to the conduct standards which the experts have approved.
From Mobilization to Lessons Learnt – Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations in Mozambique 2019
Authors: Zwęgliński Tomasz , Stefańska Magdalena
Published: July 2021

This article is a joint effort of civil protection and humanitarian aid experts to compare and search for a common ground of the two relief and recovery mechanisms deployed to disasters. The hypothesis says that efficiency and close collaboration of civil protection and humanitarian aid is a key requirement to reduce the impact of major disasters on developing countries and affected populations. As a case study tropical cyclones, Idai and Kenneth that hit Mozambique in 2019 have been chosen. Strategic and operational documents, lessons learnt reports, statistics, appeals, donor response decryptions, semi-formal interviews with delegates to Mozambique, personal experiences and findings have been used. Starting from the situation analysis the authors presented needs assessment tools and different assets mobilized to the operation, then they showed how these assets were allocated to sectoral activities. The decision-making process and collaboration with the host nation were included. Lively discussion on main challenges allowed to formulate a few key recommendations for the future. Strengthening international cooperation and coordination through a complex mechanism of sharing competencies among different stakeholders, proper division of tasks and responsibilities, and reviewing lessons learnt from relief operations seem to be key factors to develop and improve the whole aid system.
A Short Excursus into the Issue of Consular Law with an Emphasis on the National Legislation of the Czech Republic
Authors: Zpěvák Aleš , Víšek Jiří
Published: July 2021

Consular law is a set of norms governing the establishment of consular relations and opening consular offices of another state. This is a branch of law that is not unambiguously classified, falling both under international law and national law. It is a highly consolidated, incorporated, and also a recently codified branch of public international law in which the international element undoubtedly dominates. Under the surface, however, one can find more or less highly developed national legislation (German consular law, Italian consular law) which is not a mere concession to international legal norms (especially the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations) but are often separate sets of norms, collected into other directly related, linked to or even closely related national legislation. Given the functions performed by the consular post and the organisational integration of consular authorities into the system of state bodies, it is subsequently possible to classify national consular law into the branch of administrative law.
Dysfunction of Mexico in terms of Personal Security
Authors: Pruchniak Józef
Published: July 2021

The article refers to the currently shaped issues of human personal safety in relation to threats arising from events and situations. At the same time, it points out that an exhaustive expression of the need for security is rather unfeasible because this scope in personal view will be categorized by: physiological properties, age, environmental and situational conditions, knowledge, and socio-cultural conditions, as well as life experiences. The author focuses in particular on the analysis of organized crime in Mexico and the impact of these structures on the personal safety of people, social, ethnic, and professional groups, indicating their causes. The rooting or deepening of the indicated social problems and the lack of perspectives to improve them means that the main assumptions of the security strategy, including among others public safety improvement programs, and thus personal safety, is a very complex and extended process. The analysis of the functioning of the Mexican state in the security sphere clearly shows that in this respect state institutions transfer this issue to the citizen. Fears for their safety result from the presence of criminal structures, shocking ones, their uncompromising attitude, sense of impunity, and ruthlessness towards anyone who has been defined by "crime syndicates" as a threat to their existence.
Seven Dimensions of Contextualized Care
Authors: Epperly Ted
Published: July 2021

Medicine and health care in general are fascinating careers. It is important to recognize that health care and its provision should be focused on the people we are caring for , rather than on the system and the providers who provide that care. It's about our patients and not about us. In order to provide the best person-centered health care to people we must understand who they are as people and the context of their illness and their lives. The seven dimensions in which the context of care becomes important are: family/social, physical, mental/emotional, financial, occupational, spiritual, and health literacy. This paper explores these seven dimensions as they provide insight and meaning to caring for people and underscore the importance of the physician-person relationship as the central axis of trust in which health care not only occurs but succeeds.
The Role of Physician Immunization in Preventing Influenza Outbreaks:
Authors: Collins Tea E
Published: July 2021

Influenza outbreaks in clinical settings represent a major threat to patient safety. An average season of influenza results in tens of thousands of deaths and up to 200,000 hospitalizations due to influenza-related causes every year. The risk of complications of influenza is highest among older persons, young children, patients with underlying medical conditions and pregnant women. Physicians and other healthcare professionals play an important role in both preventing and transmitting the infection. The most effective way to reduce transmission from healthcare workers to patients is immunization. Yet, immunization rates among healthcare professionals remain very low. To correct the gap, the World Medical Association launched a global campaign to promote immunization against influenza among physicians globally. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a framework for clinical preventive care, which considers the physician, the patient and the many factors that come into play, resulting in preventive behaviors and improved health outcomes. The framework is applied to the analysis of the World Medical Association campaign and emphasizes the importance of the relationship between doctor and patient and their interaction as a basis for person-centered care.
Person-Centered Care at the End of Life
Authors: Epperly Ted
Published: July 2021

Person-centered care at the end of life is an area of medicine we must all be familiar and comfortable with.  This is the case as it will involve not only the people we care for but also our own family members, loved ones, and eventually ourselves.  Forty percent of all health care dollars in the United States health care system are spent in the last two years of a person’s life unless meaningful person-centered discussions occur.  Providing person-centered care for the remaining months of a person’s life is of extreme importance in helping people achieve their wishes and goals, maximize palliation, comfort, dignity, and quality of life.  This paper will focus on maximizing person-centered approaches of active listening and discussion, advanced care planning, clear communication, timely engagement of support services, family support, and compassion.  Our goal with person-centered care at the end of life is to allow as many people as possible a good death.
Exploring the Dimensions of Recovery and User Experience
Authors: Jones Peter
Published: July 2021

The concept of recovery is widely applied within service delivery in the field of mental health. The dimensions of recovery were explored using a singular conceptual framework known as Hodges’ model, which is shown to be suited to this particular task. This arises from the model’s structure, in that it encompasses the individual-group and a care domain specific to the political aspects of both health and social care. The evidence was found by relating recovery to the model’s care domains, which is also relevant to the experience of mental health service users and developments over the past decade in mental health service provision. Particular attention is given to the ‘Recovery Star’. This can be used as a key-working and outcomes tool. The discussion is also placed in a context of the current socio-economic climate, notably the ‘politics of recovery’ at a time of austerity.
Person – Centered Perspective in the Madrid Declaration
Authors: Christodoulou George , Christodoulou Angeliki
Published: July 2021

Principles of ethics are more important than rules, declarations and codes for a variety of reasons but basically because it is the principles that provide the basis for the latter and determine the ethical stance of each individual practitioner through whom the rules, declarations and codes are filtered. The essence of the above conclusion is reflected in the preamble of the Madrid Declaration, the ethical code of the World Psychiatric Association, where the psychiatrist’s individual sense of responsibility is identified as the basis of ethical practice.Ethical psychiatric practice (as described or implied in the Madrid Declaration and in other similar texts) is personified par excellence. Yet, there are certain parts of the Declaration that are more relevant to the person-centered approach. These are the following:Paragraph 1. Advocating therapeutic interventions that are least restrictive to the freedom of the patient.Paragraph 3. Suggesting that the patient be accepted as a partner by right in the therapeutic process. Empowering the patient to make informed decisions on the basis of one’s personal values and preferences.Paragraph 4. Safeguarding the dignity and human rights of the patient.Paragraph 5. Informing the patient about the purpose of an assessment (especially if the psychiatrist is involved in third-party situations).Paragraph 6. Safeguarding the privacy of information obtained through the therapeutic relationship.Paragraph 7. Safeguarding the autonomy and physical and mental integrity of the patient in research.The two person-centered ethics principles that are prominently highlighted in the Madrid Declaration are the principle of autonomy and the Hippocratic principle of “do no harm”.
Normality, Abnormality and Mental Disorder in a Person-centered Continuum
Authors: Janca Aleksander , Balaratnasingam Sivasankaran
Published: July 2021

Normality, abnormality and mental disorder can be seen as points on a spectrum ranging from normal to psychopathological or as three separate and distinct states with clearly defined boundaries. From an epidemiological point of view, normality can be seen as the person being within the mid-range of a bell shaped curve of normal population distribution.Abnormality typically has a negative connotation or meaning like being anomalous, aberrant, deviant, odd, etc. A person has a mental disorder if the person suffers from a disturbance of thought, mood, volition, perception, orientation or memory that impairs judgment or behaviour to a significant extent. Psychiatric diagnosis usually refers to a statement specifying required symptoms and signs, their onset, duration, reaction to treatment and possible outcome. The main practical purposes of diagnosis in psychiatry are communication between mental health professionals and statistics of mental disorders. The reliability of psychiatric diagnoses is sometimes questionable and their validity can be dubious and arbitrary. Current work is underway by the International College of Person-centered Medicine (ICPCM) in collaboration with other major international organizations in order to overcome these limitations using a model of Person-Centred Integrative Diagnosis.
Is our incapacity for conversation a serious barrier to person centred medicine?
Authors: Hovey Richard B , Apelian Nareg
Published: July 2021

In 2007, Vessey and Blauwkamp readdressed Gadamer’s 1972 essay ‘‘The Incapacity for Conversation’’ where the question of how changes in present society communicates is creating an incapacity for conversation. This manuscript further explores this idea about whether we are becoming influenced and charmed by the brevity of #communication i.e., text messaging, tweets, emoticons, speed-dating, and sound-bites. These popular cultural phenomena can become even more pronounced in medicine, where communication as conversation is reduced to checklists, interdisciplinary and patient debriefings, numeric technologic test results and perhaps a from of speed-patient(ing). Consequently, we may be eroding our already undervalued capacity to participate in person centred conversations due to the demands of modern medical practice.
Learning to provide patient-centered care with patients with medically unexplained symptoms: a grounded theory study in Australian general practice.
Authors: Stone Louise , Gordon Jill
Published: July 2021

Background Culture shapes the way illness is experienced and disease is understood. Patients with medically unexplained symptoms describe feeling their suffering is not valued because they lack a “legitimate” diagnosis. Doctors also describe feeling frustrated with these patients. This is particularly problematic for young general practitioners (GPs) who lack experience in managing patients with medically unexplained symptoms in primary care settings.Objectives To explore how general practice supervisors help registrars to provide patient-centered care for patients with medically unexplained. Methods A constructivist grounded theory study was undertaken with 24 general practice registrars and supervisors from Australian GP training practices in urban, rural and remote environments. Participants were asked to describe patients with mixed emotional and physical symptoms without an obvious medical diagnosis. Results Registrars came from hospital posts into general practice equipped with skills to diagnose and manage organic disease but lacked a framework for assessing and managing patients with medically unexplained symptoms. They described feelings of helplessness, frustration and sometimes hostility. Because these feelings were inconsistent with their expressed value systems, they were uncomfortable and confronting. The registrars valued interactions that helped them explore this area. Conclusions In hospital practice, biomedical language and explanations predominate, but in general practice patients bring different explanatory illness models to the consultation, using their own language, beliefs and cultural frameworks. Medically unexplained symptoms occupy a contested space in both the social and medical worlds of the doctor and patient. Negative feelings and a lack of diagnostic language and frameworks may prevent registrars from providing patient-centered care.
Mental Health in Person Centered Medicine
Authors: Mezzich Juan E , Botbol Michel , Salloum Ihsan M
Published: July 2021

Person Centered Medicine is fundamentally aimed at promoting the health and well-being of the totality of the person. Here the person is the key concept as the center and goal of health care. An important implication is that the focus of contemporary medicine should be shifted from disease to patient to person. In the clinical arena, Iona Heath has spoken critically of “promotion of disease and distortion of medicine” and concerning public health, WHO’s definition of health as “a state of complete physical, emotional and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease” is compelling
Person-Centered Primary Health Care: Now More Than Ever
Authors: Epperly Ted , Roberts Richard , Rawaf Salman , Van Weel Chris , Phillips Robert , Mezzich Juan E. , Pongsupap Yongyuth , Ghebrehiwet Tesfamicael , Appleyard James
Published: July 2021

Background: Person-centered primary health care provides first contact care that is comprehensive, continuous, accessible, compassionate, caring, team-based, and above all else person-centered. Primary care by its very nature is integrative in design and process. It connects and coordinates care for the person and uses shared decision making to help value and respect the person’s choices as they navigate through a complex and fragmented health care system.  Objectives: To demonstrate the effectiveness of primary care in achieving the triple aim of better health, better health care, and lower cost. Methods: Critical literature review and evidence based analysis of person-centered primary health care across the world.  Results: Primary care is a systems integrator and improves both the quality of care and the lowering of cost to both people and populations. It has been found that the better a country’s primary care system is, the country will have better overall health care outcomes and lower per capita health care expenditures. Evidence also demonstrates that person-centeredness contributes to higher quality care and better health outcomes. Comprehensiveness of care leads to better health outcomes, lower all-cause mortality, better access to care, less re-hospitalization, fewer consultations with specialists, less use of emergency services, and better detection of adverse effects of medical interventions. The use of the relationship of trust established through primary care health professionals in shared decision making is an effective and efficient means to promote behavior change that results in the triple aim of better health, improved healthcare, and lower costs.  Conclusions: All nations must build a robust and vibrant person-centered primary health care system based on the principles of continuity, comprehensiveness, and person-centeredness. This is important now more than ever to prioritize and rebalance health care systems to address the health care needs of the people that are served.
London Congress Programme October 2015
Authors: College of Person Centered Medicine International
Published: July 2021

London Congress Programme October 2015
Person Centered Medicine as an Ethical Imperative
Authors: Deau Xavier , Appleyard James
Published: July 2021

Ethical Codes have been the foundation of medical practice since before Hippocrates. The principles underlying them have focused on the respect for and duty of care to each person as an individual. This person-centeredness is the foundation of the patient physician relationship, which is itself at the heart of medical practice and healthcare. The knowledge, skills and experience needed by a physician should include as much what is gained from the teaching of philosophy, psychology and sociology in their medical training as that from biomedical sciences. This will ensure that with the ever-changing and challenging scientific milieu, the latest advances will be applied sensitively in the best interests of the individual person.
Abstracts on Primary Care, Public Health and Person Centered Medicine
Authors: Mezzich Juan E
Published: July 2021

Presented at the 3rd International Congress of Person Centered Medicine and 1st International Conference of Primary Care and Public Health, London, 29 - 31 October 2015
A Postmodern View of Evidence-based Medicine (EBM): Barthes. Heidegger, Deleuze and Guattari, and Derrida.
Authors: Walsh Brian
Published: July 2021

The language of an EBM paper screams objectivity. The personal interests of the authors are skilfully expunged. These are men and women of science! Taken out altogether are the drivers of the project—desire, interest, professional advancement (surely not money). The EBM paper presents an image. My paper interrogates the objectivity of the subject-object distinction, arguing that it is based on the subject, from Descartes, “I think, therefore I am”. The subject-object distinction, fundamental to science / EBM, is not used by Martin Heidegger. He depicts people immersed in the environment, coping, they hope. Their world is a world that matters, a world of joy and sorrow. Absent is the contrived distinction between subject and object, yielding a detached, “objective” universe, set up for scientists to study and gain knowledge of. Deleuze and Guattari do not read an EBM paper to ascertain its meaning. Rather they analyse how meaning is set up. They would note how the conceptual structure and language created an experimental subject depicted in biomedical terms. They would note the use of fixed terms, fossilised, such as experimental subject, rather than as a continually evolving process. Derrida tells us that, although God and metaphysics have been pushed off the conceptual cliff in out scientific age, we still read with misty, metaphysical eyes. We read in the myth of truth, based on origins and centres, about the realuniverse. We read in the coherence of the paper, and the reliability of reason. We think that words have fixed meanings, and that all readers understand the same as all authors intend.