bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychiatric disorders during acute hospital treatment of COVID-19 - a case series
Authors: Fernandes L.A. , Ribeiro C. , Martins M. , Carreno J. , Guerra I. , Oliveira C. , Vieira C. , Luís A. , Maia T.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been associated with the development mental and behavioural symptoms and psychiatric disorders. This association is stronger in severe cases of the disease and in those needing inpatient treatment, particularly in intensive care units (ICU).

Objectives

To determine the incidence of psychiatric disorders in a Portuguese hospital-based sample of patients with COVID-19. To describe relevant demographic and clinical data.

Methods

We reviewed all COVID-19 inpatients assessed by liaison psychiatry at our hospital between April and September 2020. Patients admitted due to a psychiatric disorder were excluded from the analysis. We reviewed medical records and retrieved relevant clinical data. ICD-10 was used to classify diagnoses.

Results

We identified 36 cases with a mean age of 62.64 years-old (SD 19.23). The most common disorder was delirium, which occurred in 41.7% of our sample (15 patients), followed by adjustment disorder (22.2%, n=8), and depressive episode (16.7%, n=8). Most patients had no personal (61.1%, n=22) nor family (75%, n=27) history of a psychiatric disorder. Mean length of admission was 36.89 days (SD 28.91). Seventeen cases (47.22%) had at least one risk factor for severe COVID-19 disease and 14 (38.89%) were admitted at some point to the ICU.

Conclusions

In our sample, delirium was the main cause for mental or behavioural symptoms in COVID-19 patients. However, we observed a wide array of presentations in our center. A larger sample would allow to better characterize this often-overlooked symptoms and identify risk factors to psychiatric syndromes.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
A review for the definition of the concept and symptoms of Hwa-Byung
Authors: Kang E. , Lee S. , Choi S.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Hwa-Byung is a unique syndrome based on social-cultural background of South Korea. However, the definition of Hwa-Byung has not been established. For example, Hwa-Byung Diagnostic Interview Schedule(Kim, Kwon, Lee & Park, 2004) and Hwa-Byung Scale(Kwon et al., 2008) that are generally used in clinical practices defined Hwa-Byung differently. According to this, there is a slight difference in the symptoms that are measured.

Objectives

The purpose of our study is to establish the concept and symptoms of Hwa-Byung.

Methods

First, we review DSM-4, previous literatures and concept of Hwa-Byung in assessment tools. Through this, core features and characteristic symptoms are consisted. Second, a concept of Hwa-Byung that this study constructed is reviewed by clinical psychologists and Korean oriental psychiatrists. Finally, concepts and symptoms are defined.

Results

Comprehensive definition of Hwa-Byung is established. Hwa-Byung was identified as a syndrome with symptoms that exploded in the form of anger because emotions such as anger could not be resolved. psychological symptoms include resentment, the baggage of mind, or a representative symptom of han. And physical symptoms include feeling heavy, heat, rush, lumps in the neck or chest. Finally, these physical and psychological symptoms are associated with distinct stressful events.

Conclusions

Our study defined the concept and categorized for physical and emotional symptoms of Hwa-Byung. This result suggests that it can contribute to the development and revision of the Hwa-Byung assessment tools.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Biological profile of medical response in alcoholic patients of different ethnic groups in Siberia
Authors: Shushpanova T. , Novozheeva T. , Bokhan N. , Belousov M. , Bezverkhnyaya E. , Kolomiets N. , Mandel A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The individual sensitivity of a person to the effects of alcohol is defined as the possibility of adaptive reactions, which are controlled by various factors associated in their manifestation with characteristics in various ethnic populations.

Objectives

To determine biological profile of medical response in alcoholic patients of different ethnic groups.

Methods

168 alcoholic men, aged 17 to 62 years were examined. For the therapeutic correction of withdrawal and post-withdrawal symptoms of patients from two different ethnic groups (Tatars and Russians in Siberia), the original anticonvulsant galodif (M-chloro-benzhydrylurea) was used. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated a model-independent method of statistical moments: half-life (T1/2,h), total clearance (Clt,ml/min), average time of the residual drug in the body (MRI,h), average elimination time (MET,h), the area under the pharmacokinetic curve (AUC, μg/ml).

Results

Galodif causes a reduction in almost half T1/2, a significant decrease in the average time of the residual drug in the body MRI, and the average elimination time MET. Overall clearance increased. Under the influence of the course with Galodif, antipyrine elimination intensified, which indicates the induction of the cytochrome P-450 system of microsomal liver monooxygenases in Russian alcoholic patients. Galodif causes a reduction of almost five-fold T1/2, a significant decrease MRI and MET. Activation of oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics in Tatar alcoholic patients is more significant.

Conclusions

The increased sensitivity of P-450 cytochrome system to anticonvulsants action with inductive detoxification properties reflects differences in adaptive mechanisms in human from various ethnic groups, what is significant in the therapy.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Constructing a hospital post-stroke depression management protocol by studying the management of post-stroke depression in a hospital setting
Authors: Ghoshal N. , Sett A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

A stroke is a potentially debilitating event which can render the victim unable to perform many tasks and functions, significantly decreasing their quality of life. This, in addition to emotional/mental changes post-stroke, can lead to a phenomenon known as “post stroke depression” (PSD), characterised by persistent low mood following a stroke.

Objectives

This study aims to amalgamate recommendations based on national guidelines and previous literature, in addition to an original inpatient study of stroke patients within a hospital, to construct a standardised protocol of the management of PSD in the hospital setting.

Methods

248 patients who had been treated for stroke within a hospital were analysed using hospital notes to assess for incidence of PSD, in-hospital management, and outpatient follow-up. In addition a literature search was conducted and national guidelines were consulted to develop a PSD management protocol.

Figure 1: Post stroke depression management protocol.

Results

While 8% (20/248) of stroke patients experienced low mood immediately post stroke, 45% (9/20) of these patients did not receive any therapy or drug treatment, 80% (16/20) did not receive any outpatient monitoring of their mood and 100% of patients received no outpatient monitoring of newly commenced antidepressants.

Conclusions

Using the results and literature search, a PSD management protocol, encompassing both appropriate in-hospital therapy and robust outpatient monitoring, was developed (Figure 1). We hope that through this, hospital care of PSD can be improved and optimised, in order for victims of PSD to receive the best possible, evidence-based care available to treat this potentially devastating condition.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Anxiety-depressive disorders in patients with dysarthria against the background of organic brain damage
Authors: Mudrenko I. , Kolenko O.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The presence of acquired speech disorders of varying evidence can cause maladjustment and job loss. Often there is no adequate psychological and psychotherapeutic assistance for these patients, which hinders the process of recovery and reintegration into the social environment.

Objectives

To study the level of anxiety and depression in patients with dysarthria who have undergone various types of cerebrovascular accidents. To give practical recommendations regarding the correction of these conditions.

Methods

To assess the level of anxiety and depression, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used as the most convenient for application in clinical practice.

Results

The study involved 42 people in the age group 45-60 years old with the consequences of cerebrovascular accident in the form of various types of dysarthria and without severe movement disorders. All participants had a university degree and a confirmed stroke of anamnesis. According to the data obtained, 45% of patients had symptoms of depression, 52% – anxiety. It should be clarified that specific weight of men with manifestations of depression and anxiety was higher (65% and 56%, respectively). The beginning of active antidepressant therapy in a hospital setting showed a positive subjective effect from such influences – in 38% of patients.

Conclusions

The use of modern methods for assessing the level of anxiety and depression in patients with speech disorders should become an obligatory stage of diagnostic measures. Psychological assistance and pharmacological correction not only helps patients to adapt to new social conditions, but also promotes prevention the progression of depressive manifestations.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Tiktok, a vehicle for Pro-Ana and Pro-Mia content boosted by the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Jordan G. Lladó , García M.D.C. Díaz , Esteban P. Sánchez , Martín A. Santos , Sánchez P. Mediavilla , Cubo M. Jiménez , Cano M. Miguel , Del Barrio J.A. Gómez , Ayesa-Arriola R.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

INTRODUCTION TikTok is a social network (SN) that allows users to share short videos about different issues. Since the COVID-19 lockdown, there has been an increase in Pro-Ana and Pro-Mia videos in this specific SN.

Objectives

OBJECTIVES To know the main characteristics about Pro-Ana and Pro-Mia contents among TikTok users.

Methods

METHODS A search was carried out using uncontrolled language with the term “TCA” (ED in English). The study included only Pro-Ana and Pro-Mia resources in Spanish. Resources under the category “recovery” were excluded. A random sample of 16 TikTok was used, since it is enough to estimate, with a confidence of 95% and an accuracy of +/- 20 percentage units, a population percentage that is expected to be around 20%. The studied variables were images, type of resources, “challenges” and misspelled words.

Results

RESULTS In the sample, 68.75% of the profiles were created upon confinement, 56.25% had more than 500 followers and 68.75% had more than 3000 “likes”. 43.75% included more than 30% of ED advocacy content, 18.75% promoted challenges and 37.5% used misspelled words to avoid SN censorship.

Conclusions

CONCLUSIONS There has been a remarkable increase in ED-related content as a result of lockdown. In turn, the increasing number of users who are part of TikTok reveals that this is a SN that can be associated with ED advocacy.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Focus group interview as a research method in the development of the e-learning in suicide prevention for students in poland
Authors: Pawelec R. , Kwiatkowska A.
Published: February 2022

Project ELLIPSE (E-LifeLong Learning in Prevention of Suicide in Europe) was developed in response to need for preventive suicide programs. It was noticed that it is important for academic teachers and students, especially those who teach and study in the fields of medicine, nursing, psychology, sociology or those related to the media. The goal is creating an e-learning platform for students and teachers on suicide prevention along with a textbook and a free self-help application. For this purpose the milestone was the conducting of the focus group interviews in Poland. Participants were recruited from the above mentioned groups (students and professionals). The objectives of this part of the project were among others: raising awareness of the problem of suicide and prevention, giving good examples on suicide prevention in working life, preparation of a program proposal for e-learning content. Students interest in the problems of suicidology was high and they comes optimistic to the idea of prevention, they want to know especially about how to help somebody, how to talk and not to harm people and something more in their future profession. Only theoretical approach will be not enough for them, the rules of how to NOT react, will not be interesting because they know something about it. They showed a knowledge of basic concepts, extensive and multi-context knowledge of causes and warning signals and great understanding for suicides of all ages. However, they themselves were uncertain how to help such a person, and showed poor recognition of institutional help.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
French experiences with the online courses on suicidal behaviour, their main features, requests of participants and the opportunities to foster suicide prevention
Authors: Lopez-Castroman J. , Olie E.
Published: February 2022

There is a high demand for specific training on the understanding and management of suicidal behaviors. We will present a summary of a massive open online course that was launched in France in 2018 for the first time. The structure of the program was simple: 5 modules presented on a weekly basis, each module contained several short videos with direct training, interviews or discussion. The MOOC offered as well other ressources such as access to a forum during the course, an updated bibliography and vocabulary for each module and an evaluation at the end of the modules. In the first year, the number of registered candidates for the course was very high (>10000) and more than a quarter completed the course (>2500), with participants from 82 countries. The quality of exchanges with the students was very high. The results of this ongoing experience provides interesting insights on how to improve access and motivation to specific training in the field of suicidal behavior for participants from very different backgrounds.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Self reported experience of sexual abuse among children in their homes in Ilorin Nigeria
Authors: Oladosu A. , Abiodun O. , Tunde-Ayinmode M.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The sexual abuse of children is well documented in literature. Data on it from Nigeria is rather sparse. The current study examines the prevalence and pattern of sexual abuse with a view to increasing our understanding of it.

Objectives

To determine the prevalence and pattern of sexual abuse of children at home in Ilorin Nigeria.

Methods

A cross sectional survey of secondary school students aged 11-18 years in Ilorin Nigeria using multistage random sampling technique with proportional allocation was done. Respondents completed the ICAST-CH questionnaire which covers child abuse in its several forms including sexual abuse. Prevalence of sexual abuse was computed.

Results

Over a third (586) of participants experienced some form of sexual abuse in the last year. Table 1: prevalence and pattern of sexual abuse at homeSexual Abuse* (n=586)FrequencyPercentageTalked to you in a sexual way42071.7Touched private parts33356.8Showed pornography14925.4Made you look at private parts13623.2Tried to have sex with you (unwilling)6110.4Made a sex video of you--

Conclusions

Sexual abuse of children occurs commonly in Ilorin Nigeria. There is a need for further research towards understnding it determinants towards strengthening systems of safeguarding children against it.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Association between IL-17, IL-23 with neurocognitive scales in patients with Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Mudrenko I. , Chyniak O.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a degenerative brain disease and the most common cause of dementia. Evidence suggests that various cytokines, including interleukins (IL) IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 are actively involved in the pathogenesis of AD. The role of IL-17 and IL-23 is less clear.

Objectives

To investigate the correlations between IL-17, IL-23, and neurocognitive scales in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.

Methods

The study included 45 patients: 15 patients with Alzheimer’s disease and 30 patients without cognitive deficit (control group). Clinical and psychometrical methods were used: Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) scale; Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive (ADAS ̶ cog). Serum levels of cytokines of IL-17 and IL-23 were analyzed by sandwich ELISA on “Chem Well 2900” immunoanalyzer (Awareness Technology, USA).

Results

A significantly positive correlation was observed between IL-17 and IL-23 for all AD patients (r =0.723, p=0.002). A significant inverse correlation was observed between serum concentration of IL-17 and MoCA score (r=˗1.0, р≤.0001) and IL-23 and MMSE score (r=˗0.553, р=0.032) in all AD patients. However, no other significant correlations were found between IL-17 and the scores MMSE, FAB, ADAS ̶ cog and between IL-23 and the scores MoCA, FAB and ADAS ̶ cog.

Conclusions

Proinflammatory cytokines (such as IL-17 and IL-23) have been associated with cognitive impairment. However, the complicated relationships of the two cytokines with the pathogenesis of AD need to be further investigated in the future.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Protective role of lipoic acid in the prevention of oxidative stress caused by cadmium in the vascular endothelium of rats
Authors: Mirkovic J. Jovanovic , Alexopoulos C. , Jurinjak Z. , Jerkan M. , Medojevic N.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Acute and chronic exposure to cadmium (Cd), due to its increased use and application in the industry, can result in the development of atherosclerosis, the occurrence of cardiomyopathy, cerebrovascular stroke, as well as carcinogenesis in some organs. The target for cadmium action is thought to be the vascular endothelium.

Objectives

The aim of this study is to investigate the occurrence of oxidative stress on blood vessel endothelium induced by subacute administration of cadmium, as well as the protective power of alpha-lipoic acid (α-LA) supplementation on the Wistar strain albino rat model system.

Methods

After anesthesia of rats in the vivarium of the Scientific Research Center for Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine in Niš, blood was collected by cardiac puncture and sent to the Clinic of Nephrology, Clinical Center in Niš, Serbia for determination of hematological parameters.

Results

According to the results of this study, it can be seen that the number of granulocytes is reduced due to cadmium intoxication, which is probably induced by the migration of neutrophils into tissues. The number of lymphocytes was increased due to subacute cadmium intoxication compared to the control group of animals. The positive efficacy of α-LA supplements in combating the adverse effects of cadmium on blood vessels is also confirmed.

Conclusions

Cadmium administration is thought to cause a systemic inflammatory reaction due to the formation of free radicals in the blood vessel endothelium. Administration of α-LA supplement confirms that it can be used as an antioxidant in the clinical management of many diseases and also in cadmium intoxication.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
The psychiatric phenotype of 15q11.2-q13.3 duplications
Authors: Budisteanu M. , Papuc S. , Erbescu A. , Andrei E. , Streata I. , Cucu M. , Iliescu C. , Anghelescu C. , Ioana D. , Ioana M. , Rad F. , Arghir A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

15q11.2-q13.3 region is prone to genomic rearrangements leading to both deletions and duplications. A wide spectrum of neuropsychiatric conditions, such as developmental delay/intellectual disability (DD/ID), autism, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, epilepsy was reported in association with genomic imbalances of this region.

Objectives

In this paper we report on 9 children carrying 15q11.2-q13.3 duplications.

Methods

Seven boys and two girls, aged 15 months to 15 years, were included in the study. Genomic investigations were carried out by array-based comparative genomic hybridization (Agilent Technologies). In all patients the psychomotor development, dysmorphic features, neuroimaging and EEG anomalies were assessed. Psychologic and psychiatric evaluation was performed with specific tests.

Results

The size of the duplications ranged from 9.65 Mb to 0.38 Mb. All patients presented speech delay. Autistic behavior and muscular hypotonia were detected in 8 out of 9 patients, DD/ID in 6. Two children presented epileptic seizures, in addition 4 other children had EEG anomalies. Facial dysmorphic features were observed in 5 patients. Neuroimaging studies showed anomalies in 4 children. The smallest region of overlap in our patient group harbors CHRNA7 gene, a candidate for the behavioral abnormalities.

Conclusions

15q duplications encompassing CHRNA7 gene were associated with different neuropsychiatric features in our patients. Our results further support the association of 15q duplications with neuropsychiatric phenotypes, with clinical heterogeneity and variable severity, which is yet to be explained. Acknowledgment: The research leading to these results has received funding from the EEA RO NO Grant 2014-2021, the project contract No 6/2019.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Self-compassion, optimism and shame in childhood trauma among 18-25 years old individuals
Authors: Dalkılınç G. , Gültekin S. , Güloğlu B.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Childhood trauma has a negative impact on mental health of individuals. Self-compassion involves being open to painful and troubling feelings, approaching them in a caring and loving way, accepting negative experiences as a part of human life. Optimism is an individual’s belief that everything will be better in the future despite the difficulties and obstacles of life. Shame is the feeling that occurs when an inadequacy or inappropriate behavior is noticed.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of childhood trauma on self-compassion, optimism, and shame.

Methods

Childhood Trauma Scale, Self-Compassion Scale, Life Orientation Test and Shame Scale were administered to 384 individuals (304 Female and 80 Male). Their age range was between 18 and 25, with the mean of 21.26.

Results

The findings of MANOVA indicated that a significant main effect of gender on emotional abuse and sexual abuse however there was no main effect of gender on physical abuse, physical neglect, emotional neglect, and excessive protection. Women were exposed to emotional and sexual abuse more than men. MANOVA that was applied to the scores of CTQ revealed a significant overall main effect of self-compassion and optimism whereas there was no main effect of shame.

Conclusions

While self-compassion and optimism are the protective factors for the traumatized individuals, shame is the risk factor.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Inside out: Taking inpatient care home
Authors: Cunha C. , Valido R. , Machado E.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Home hospitalization is an alternative to conventional hospitalization in several areas of medicine. In Portugal, we are now starting to think about its implementation in Psychiatry, given the positive experience of its use in other countries.

Objectives

Understand the advantages and disadvantages of a home hospitalization model and its logistical and clinical framework in an integrated community-focused care model.

Methods

We performed a literature review using Pubmed databases and UpToDate on home hospitalization, inpatient care and community-focused care model

Results

We have found reports of centers with experience in home hospitalization in Psychiatry, but there is still a notable lack of studies in this area. There is a discrepancy between the care needs of patients and the existence of community services for the treatment of mental illness. Home hospitalization is considered when there is partial remission of the symptomatology that motivated the hospitalization. Albeit demanding inclusion criteria limit eligible patients, there are several advantages with this hospitalization model: 1) it favors agility in the transition from hospital to home, with direct observation of contextual factors that may influence psychiatric decompensation, 2) integrates the patient in his natural environment, promoting his autonomy,; 3) allows psychoeducation of the family; 3) guarantees the continuity of the therapeutic process initiated in the hospital, 4) optimizes resources and cost-effectiveness, 5) prevents relapses and the “revolving-door “phenomenon.

Conclusions

We have found that a model of home hospitalization is a valuable element that should be included in an integrated system of psychiatric care.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
A review of effective interventions to improve emotional risk factors of anxiety, stress, depression in infertile and infertile patients undergoing treatment with assisted reproductive techniques
Authors: Salarian N. , Hamzehgardeshi Z. , Shahhosseini Z.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Infertility is associated with Several negative reaction and emotional problems

Objectives

Review of effective interventions for improving emotional risk factors In infertile and infertile patients undergoing treatment

Methods

A comprehensive narrative review of the studies was conducted. Databases such as Web of Science, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, Scopus, PubMed, including Medline, Clinical key, SID, MAGIRAN were retrieved from August 10 to December 8, 2020, with no time limit. After reviewing the abstract and the full text of the articles in terms of compliance with the purpose of the study, finally, 32 articles were selected for writing. The methodological quality of the articles was assessed based on Cochrane Risk of Bias

Results

Interventions were divided into two subgroups of mind-body, and web-based CBT. mind-body interventions generally shows the anxiety,stress and depression reduction and Possible improvement in pregnancy rate But most of these programs require extensive financial resources The results of web based, showed that using online CBT approach can greatly reduce stress and anxiety, due to increased use of internet, non collaborative,cheap and private treatment of web based interventions, this method can be used as a way along with other treatments to reduce these negative reactions

Conclusions

According to the present study CBT methods, application and Internet-based interventions can be used as appropriate counseling methods in reducing stress, anxiety and improving pregnancy outcomes in infertile patients. This information can be used as a proper source to select appropriate counseling methods for health care providers, midwives and treatment staff involved in infertility patients

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Therapeutic relationship in mental health nursing: A scoping review
Authors: Laranjeira C.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

In mental health nursing, the therapeutic relationship is central to the care process, since the restoration of the balance of the person in mental suffering relies on significant interpersonal relationships.

Objectives

This scoping review aims to map which personal qualities of the nurse favor the therapeutic relationship in mental health nursing.

Methods

A question was formulated according to the PICo method: What are the nurse’s personal qualities that benefit the therapeutic relationship with the patient in mental health settings? For the selection of studies were used the following databases: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; CINAHL; MEDLINE. A survey was carried out, with the following Boolean conjugation (nurse AND patient) and (personal AND qualities) and (mental AND health) and (therapeutic relation OR relation*). The limit applied to this research was the full text.

Results

A total of 12 studies were analyzed. These are predominantly qualitative with different methodological approaches. The nurse’s personal attributes or qualities imply not making judgments, be patient, be open and genuine. It was also evidenced the importance of the professional and personal dimensions in the therapeutic relationship.

Conclusions

In all studies, it was clear that the therapeutic relationship is influenced by attributes of the professional dimension that are linked, mainly, with the theoretical domain, technical knowledge and by attributes of the personal dimension that are related with the professional’s personal qualities or characteristics. The strategies used for the development of the therapeutic relationship imply the involvement of the person nurse, using this to elements of the personal and social sphere.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Brain aging in major depressive disorder
Authors: Han L. , Schnack H. , Brouwer R. , Veltman D. , Van Der Wee N. , Van Tol M.-J. , Aghajani M. , Penninx B.
Published: February 2022

Depression and anxiety are common and often comorbid mental health disorders that represent risk factors for aging-related conditions. Brain aging has shown to be more advanced in patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Here, we extend prior work by investigating multivariate brain aging in patients with MDD and/or anxiety disorders and examine which factors contribute to older appearing brains. Adults aged 18-57 years from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety underwent structural MRI. A pre-trained brain age prediction model based on >2,000 samples from the ENIGMA consortium was applied to obtain brain-predicted age differences (brain-PAD, predicted brain age minus chronological age) in 65 controls and 220 patients with current MDD and/or anxiety. Brain-PAD estimates were associated with clinical, somatic, lifestyle, and biological factors. After correcting for antidepressant use, brain-PAD was significantly higher in MDD (+2.78 years, Cohen’s d=0.25, 95% CI -0.10-0.60) and anxiety patients (+2.91 years, Cohen’s d=0.27, 95% CI -0.08-0.61), compared to controls. There were no significant associations with lifestyle or biological stress systems. A multivariable model indicated unique contributions of higher severity of somatic depression symptoms (b=4.21 years per unit increase on average sum score) and antidepressant use (-2.53 years) to brain-PAD. Advanced brain aging in patients with MDD and anxiety was most strongly associated with somatic depressive symptomatology. We also present clinically relevant evidence for a potential neuroprotective antidepressant effect on the brain-PAD metric that requires follow-up in future research.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
The use of light, temperature and pressure in the treatment of depression
Authors: Zalewski D. , Nobis A. , Dąbrowska E. , Waszkiewicz N.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Climate and weather have a great influence on the prevalence of depressive disorders. Selected physical parameters for instance light, temperature and pressure can be used to treat mood disorders.

Objectives

The present mini-review aims at approximating the mechanisms by which selected, strictly controlled physical parameters in particular light, temperature, and oxygen pressure can help in the treatment of depression and determine their potential effectiveness.

Methods

Relevant literature was identified by searching the PubMed/Medline database, by combining the search strategy of free text terms and exploding a range of MESH headings relating to the topics.

Results

Mechanisms that can modify the course of depression were briefly presented. Review of the literature showed the well-established position of bright light therapy (BLT) effective in treating seasonal (SAD) and non-seasonal affective disorders (non-SAD); safety and rapid-action of whole-body hyperthermia (WBH) and whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) were also demonstrated; the least data was available on hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), which had antidepressant properties only in people with concomitant neurological damages.

Conclusions

In addition to the well-established position of BLT in the treatment of depression, further research is needed on other methods, such as WBH, WBC, HBOT.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Optimizing prediction of response to antidepressant medications using machine learning and environmental data
Authors: Spinrad A. , Darki-Morag S. , Taliaz D.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is complex and multifactorial, posing a major challenge of tailoring the optimal medication for each patient. Current practice for MDD treatment mainly relies on trial-and-error, with estimated 42%-53% response rates for antidepressant use.

Objectives

We sought to generate an accurate predictor of response to a panel of antidepressants and optimize treatment selection using a data-driven approach analyzing combinations of clinical and demographic factors.

Methods

We analyzed the response patterns of patients to five antidepressant medications in the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) study and the Pharmacogenomic Research Network Antidepressant Medication Pharmacogenomic Study (PGRN-AMPS), and employed state-of-the-art machine learning (ML) tools to generate a predictive algorithm. To validate our results and confirm the algorithm’s external generalizability outside of its training groups, we assessed its capacity to predict individualized antidepressant responses on a separate validation and test sets consisting of 1,021 patients overall from both studies.

Results

The algorithm’s ML prediction models achieved an average accuracy of 0.6416 (64.16%, SD 4.4) across the analyzed medications, and a cumulative accuracy of 0.6012 (60.12%), AUC of 0.601, sensitivity of 0.6034 (60.34%) and specificity of 0.599 (59.9%).

Conclusions

These findings support applying ML to accumulating data derived from large studies to achieve a much-needed improvement in the treatment of depression. By an immediate analysis of large amount of combinatorial data at the point of care, such prediction models may support doctors’ prescription decisions, potentially allowing them to tailor the right antidepressant medication sooner.

Disclosure

Dekel Taliaz is the founder and CEO of Taliaz and reports stock ownership in Taliaz. Amit Spinrad and Sne Darki-Morag serve as data scientists in Taliaz.
5-years follow-up of patients with the clinical high-risk state for psychosi
Authors: Kaleda V. , Omelchenko M.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The identification of the psychosis high-risk state in help-seeking patients with depressive symptoms offers the possibility of detection and intervention at the early stages of schizophrenia.

Objectives

Estimating the 5-year follow-up rate of the manifestation of psychosis and levels of functioning in patients with the clinical high-risk state and depressive symptoms.

Methods

81 inpatients (average age 19.6 years) with depressive symptoms and attenuated psychosis (60 patients with APS and 21 patients with BLIPS). Average duration of inpatient treatment was 56.3 days, antidepressant therapy (mean dosage equivalent to fluoxetine 43.1 mg/day) and antipsychotic therapy (mean dosage equivalent to chlorpromazine 408.9 mg/day) were conducted. All patients were followed up after discharge at least during 5 years (average follow-up 7.1 years). Levels of functioning were assessed on the PSP scale.

Results

The manifestation of psychosis was identified in 21.0% (17 patients) (on average in the third year of follow-up), complete symptomatic and functional remission was established in 11.1% (9 patients) (PSP 100-81), complete symptomatic and incomplete functional remission was established in 27.2% (22 patients) (PSP 80-61). Incomplete symptomatic and incomplete functional remission – in 24.7% (20 patients) (PSP 60-41) and 13.5% (11 patients) (PSP<40).

Conclusions

The combination of antidepressants and antipsychotics therapy in patients with the clinical high-risk state for psychosis reduced the risk of psychosis manifestation but did not significantly affect the level of outcome compared to other studies.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Indicators of psychomotor development of premature infants by perinatal CNS lesion
Authors: Abdullayeva G. , Batyrkhanov S. , Abdullaeva M.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The birth premature babies with hypoxic-ischemic damage to the neutral system with the subsequent development of hypoxic encephalopathy (HIE). Monitoring of the mental development and neurological status of such prematurely born children is carried out taking into account the corrected age and traditional scales.

Objectives

To compare indicators of psychomotor development in preterm infants (gestational age < 32 weeks) with and without hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

Methods

A prospective study was carried out in the neurological department. The study included data from infants with a gestational age of < 32 weeks of gestation. Scale score immediately after birth and at corrected ages in the first, third and sixth months of life (data analysis according to Griffiths Scales).

Results

Data from 95 newborns were eligible for conclusion. Of these, 67 children took part in the study, 32,8% of them were diagnosed with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. In newborns with HIE gestational age at birth was less so they received parenteral nutrition for a longer time, the body weight gained during the hospital stay was less, they needed more time to switch to enteral nutrition. And only at the 3rd (80% of children) and 6th months of life, there were no statistically significant differences in psychomotor development between groups with and without hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

Conclusions

In this study, it was shown that in premature infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, normal indicators of psychomotor development and neurological status were restored at the corrected age only by 6 months of age.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
C-reactive protein in a naturalistic sample of inpatients with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Caldirola D. , Daccò S. , Cuniberti F. , Diaferia G. , Cavedini P. , Grassi M. , Perna G.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The relevance of inflammation to psychiatric disorders is well established. While inflammation was broadly investigated in mood disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) received little attention. C-reactive protein (CRP) is an inflammatory marker commonly assessed in clinical practice. Studies comparing CRP levels across mood disorders and OCD are lacking.

Objectives

We compared the prevalence of CRP-based low-grade inflammation (LGI) across major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD) and OCD, taking into account multiple individual variables that may affect CRP levels.

Methods

Retrospective, observational cross-sectional study in a naturalistic sample of hospitalized patients with MDD or BD or OCD. Information was collected from electronic medical records. Based on serum CRP levels at admission, the following were defined: CRP: >3 mg/L and ≤10 mg/l, “yes” LGI; ≤3 mg/L, “no” LGI. Logistic regression models were applied.

Results

We included 156 patients with MDD, 135 with BD, and 97 with OCD. We found prevalence rates of CRP-LGI of 29.9%, 36.5%, and 47.4% in patients with OCD, MDD, and BD, respectively, without significant differences between groups. The entire set of individual variables considered (e.g., sex, body mass index, medication) explained only one-third of the observed variations in CRP-LGI.

Conclusions

CRP-LGI may be a transdiagnostic feature of a substantial portion of patients with MDD or BD or OCD, rather than being exclusive to a specific psychiatric disorder. The presence of LGI was not fully explained by individual confounding factors. Given the relevance of inflammation to psychiatric and medical outcome, routine measurements of CRP in psychiatric settings may be valuable.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Effects of long-term therapy with quetiapine and olanzapine on parameters of immunity and cytokine levels in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Lobacheva O. , Nikitina V. , Kornetova E. , Vladimirova S. , Semke A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The study of effects of long-term antipsychotic therapy in patients with schizophrenia is relevant.

Objectives

To study effects of long-term antipsychotic therapy on parameters of immunity and cytokine levels in patients with schizophrenia.

Methods

We examined 20 schizophrenic patients, who received quetiapine (group 1) and 17 - olanzapine (group 2) for more than 6 months before admission in the hospital as the main anti-recurrence therapy. Persons aged 20-63 years with length of the follow-up of the disease ≥1 year were included. The investigations included: phenotyping of immunocompetent cells into CD differentiation clusters by flow cytometry; mitogen-induced, spontaneous production of cytokines (IL2, IFN-γ, IL-4, TNF-α) were identified with use of kits for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results

It was shown that patients of group 1 in comparison with group 2 were characterized by lower values of СD3- lymphocytes (p=0.049), higher values of the spontaneous production of IFN-γ (p=0.01), mitogen-induced production of IL-2 (p=0.043) and IL-4 (p=0.059). In all examined low level of mitogen-induced of IFN-γ (p=0.0001) and TNFα (p=0.002; p=0.0001), high level of spontaneous production of TNFα (p=0.001) were revealed in relation to control.

Conclusions

It was found that the acute period of schizophrenia after prolonged treatment with atypical antipsychotics is accompanied by immunological imbalance and dysregulation of the cytokine system. More severe immune disorders when hospitalized during the exacerbation period were revealed in patients who had been receiving antipsychotic therapy with the atypical antipsychotic quetiapine for a long time. This can be associated with the features of the mechanism of action of atypical antipsychotics.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Clinical features of pathological pseudoreligiosity in patients with mental disorders
Authors: Borisova O. , Kopeyko G. , Gedevani E. , Kaleda V.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The term pathological pseudoreligiosity (PPR) has been chosen for description of mental disorders with religious content (MDRC), accompanied with distortion of acceptance and assimilation of religious convictions, and with significant changes in patient’s religious behavior and way of life.

Objectives

To assess the entire spectrum of mental pathology with religious content and relate it to the depth of mental disorder.

Methods

857 patients (300 males, 557 females), with religious worldview and mental disorders were observed with psychopathological and follow-up methods.

Results

The pathological pseudoreligiosity was detected in 326 patients – 38%. Follow-up period estimated mean 9,5 years. Next mental disorders with religious content were identified and described. Specific PPR types were correlated with register of the depth of mental disorder (K. Schneider):Types of PPRPtsThe register of mental disordersToxic faith61,8%Personality disordersAnorexia due to overvalued religious convictions123,7%Neurotic registerDepressive with congruent religious ideas of sinfulness, feeling of being abandoned by God6319,3%Affective registerDepressive states with overvalued doubts of belief choice.113,4%Overvalued religious behavior134%Affective-delusional
Delusion of spiritual hypochondria72,2%DelusionalEschatological delusion216,4%Anorexia in the form of delusional behavior with religious contents113,4%Hallucinatory-delusional
Apocalyptic delusion329,8%Religious delusion13842,3%Religious standing, stiffening, mutism41,2%CatatonicFragmentary religious ideas82,5%Organic

Conclusions

Management and treatment of patients suffering from MDRC with pathological pseudoreligiosity requires a particular approach. The consideration must be given to religious content of mental disorders and to clinical specifics of these disorders.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Paliperidone induced sinus tachycardia in a patient with first episode of psychosis (FEP)
Authors: Sarafopoulos A. , Antoniadis D. , Karpouza V.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

This is a presentation of the FEP of a 23 y.o. patient. The patient had a Duration of Untreated Psychosis (DUP) of 6 months and Duration of Untreated Illness (DUI) of six years. The therapeutic response and the adverse effects of Paliperidone are being described.

Objectives

To investigate the tolerance of Paliperidone in a patient with FEP.

Methods

The patient was assessed regularly by the psychiatric team consisting of a CT doctor and one General Adult Consultant. Appropriate psychological assessments and investigations took place.

Results

Upon admission the patient appeared guarded. She also presented with weight loss and dehydration. Initial PANSS score was 173, positive subscale 41. The patient was initially treated with monotherapy 6mg of Paliperidone. However, the heart rate was around 100 bpm culminating as high as 156 bpm. The ECG indicated sinus tachycardia. The patient presented with serious EPSs and diarrhea. Simpson-Angus Scale score 10. Metoprolol 25mg was prescribed twice a day. The clinical team proceeded in cross titration replacing Paliperidone with Olanzapine. A brain CT scan was also performed, unremarkable. After 10 days of therapy the PANSS score reduced to 102, positive subscale 21.

Conclusions

Initial sinus tachycardia is a common adverse effect of Paliperidone. However in this case the tachycardia was refractory in time even after the 7th day, making an alternative SGA trial necessary.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Approach to early grief: Report of two cases
Authors: Gómez A. Sotillos , Coscujuela P. Marco , Mata A. Hernández
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Early grief is a concept about which there is little literature. This generates difficulties in order to perform a differential diagnosis, as it poses complications to determine if the symptoms that the patient suffers are relative to the mourning or if they appear as part of a comorbid disorder.

Objectives

To assess the difficulty in discriminating when accompaniment is necessary and when the patient can benefit from pharmacological, psychotherapeutic or combined treatment.

Methods

Patients’ data is obtained from their medical history as well as psychological interviews carried out during the process.

Results

32-year-old woman, with a previous history of depression. The patient was living abroad when her father was diagnosed with a terminal illness, so she decided to return home, making a radical change in her life. She is currently facing the functional deterioration of her father, who is rapidly getting worse. The patient shows symptoms of anxiety, tendency to cry and apathy. 34-year-old woman, with no history in Mental Health. As a result of her father’s illness, the patient develops a clinical manifestation of anxiety and low spirits. After one year, the clinic is maintained according to the variations in the health of her father. She also reports problems concentrating, fatigue, ruminative thoughts and structured autolithic ideas. Finally, she is referred to begin a psychotherapeutic follow-up.

Conclusions

Bearing in mind that we are facing an increase in diagnoses of terminal illnesses, I consider it is necessary to reflect on this concept in order to provide a better response to patients.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.