bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DIREITO AO MEIO AMBIENTE DE TRABALHO SAUDÁVEL: A CONSTRUÇÃO DE RESPOSTAS JURÍDICAS APROPRIADAS AOS NOVOS DIREITOS E DEVERES DECORRENTES DAS NANOTECNOLOGIAS
Authors: Nascimento Maria Cândida Simon Azevedo , Engelmann Wilson
Published: April 2017

O direito ao meio ambiente do trabalho saudável é direito fundamental de todo trabalhador. O passar dos anos e a evolução tecnológica não atenuou os riscos decorrentes do trabalho insalubre. As nanotecnologias, sendo o maior e mais recente avanço da ciência, possibilitam a criação e a modificação da matéria em escala nanoscópica, equivalente à bilionésima parte do metro. Sua aplicação tem infinitas utilidades em diversos ramos da indústria. Por se tratar de uma inovação, possíveis riscos imediatos ou futuros ao meio ambiente, em especial do trabalho, parecem ser inevitáveis. Há necessidade de regulamentação/regulação acerca da matéria. Entretanto, o Direito ainda não se estruturou adequadamente a fim de responder aos desafios propostos por essa inovação tecnológica. Assim sendo, deve encontrar um meio de regular a (im) previsibilidade de possíveis riscos decorrentes das nanotecnologias, utilizando-se para tanto, da ferramenta da árvore de decisão e do princípio da precaução.
FUNDAMENTAÇÃO DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS DESDE A FILOSOFIA DA LIBERTAÇÃO
Authors: Fagundes Lucas Machado
Published: April 2017

O livro do pesquisador Alejandro Rosillo, traduz uma linha de pensamento jurídico crítico de origem latino-americana, baseando suas reflexões na linha filosófica da libertação, ancorado em três vertentes autorais, no caso  Enrique Dussel, Ignácio de Ellacuría e Frantz Hinkelammert. Tal obra objetiva abrir um horizonte refletivo em torno da questão que envolve as fundamentações dos Direitos Humanos, tendo em vista que as tradicionais vertentes jus-naturalista, jus-positivista e pós-moderna, não dão conta da complexidade e da exterioridade que representa o tema no contexto histórico, filosófico e geopolítico regional. Sendo assim, a obra é uma abertura ao pensamento jurídico crítico de matriz “própria”, fundamentado nas idéias da filosofia latino-americana para libertação.
IDEOLOGICAL CHALLENGE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE IN LATIN AMERICA: THE CASE OF CHILE AND THE COPPER MINING INDUSTRY
Authors: Estenssoro Fernando , Parker Cristian , Baigorrotegui Gloria
Published: April 2017

This paper analyzes the main results of a research on environmental governance in Latin America, held in Chile in relation to copper mining. Different sectors of economic and political elites of the country, as well as actors of civil society linked to the environmental movement were interviewed. The objective was to ascertain their level of knowledge and perceptions of global environmental issues and whether it was possible to perform an extractive activity within the parameters of sustainable development. Results were compared with those of previous studies and given that all social actors show a high and growing level of environmental awareness, it is proposed that ideology is a relevant variable to consider in terms of creating socio-environmental conflicts. Particularly among those who believe that it is feasible to achieve increasing levels of environmental and social sustainability in mining activity, facing those who absolutely reject this possibility
NACIONES UNIDAS; POSICIONAMIENTO Y DEBATE SOBRE LA ORIENTACIÓN SEXUAL E IDENTIDAD DE GÉNERO
Authors: Jimenez Cristhian Manuel , Rodrigues Gilberto Marcos Antonio
Published: April 2017

¿Cuáles son los principales argumentos que definen el debate sobre la Orientación Sexual e Identidad de Género en la ONU? ¿Cómo las Naciones Unidas se posicionan sobre la protección a las personas LGBTI? ¿Cómo los mecanismos de protección internacional han interpretado los pactos y convenciones para proteger a las personas LGBTI? Son estas las interrogantes que marcan este artículo, cuyo objetivo será analizar el desarrollo del debate entre los Estados sobre la Orientación Sexual e Identidad de Género y el posicionamiento de la organización multilateral de mayor relevancia en el mundo.
A CRISE DE LEGITIMIDADE DEMOCRÁTICA E A NECESSÁRIA REVISÃO DE SEU OBJETO DELIBERATIVO
Authors: Araujo Guilherme Dourado Aragão Sá
Published: April 2017

Sob a ótica do problema da legitimidade das decisões democráticas, o presente trabalho expõe a necessidade de reversão da tendência publicista em prol de maior reconhecimento do poder deliberativo voluntário individual ou comunitário. Demonstrou-se o surgimento da democracia direta na Grécia antiga e as implicações modernas que levaram ao desenvolvimento das formas representativas, bem como seus problemas inerentes. Utilizando-se de pesquisa bibliográfica, o presente estudo expõe que os mecanismos de verificação da legitimidade democrática não se mostraram suficientes para garantir a verdadeira democracia em seu aspecto material. Ao final, concluiu-se que esses problemas provocam a necessidade de se repensar o objeto deliberativo da democracia em questões eminentemente individuais como a união entre pessoas do mesmo sexo ou livre comércio de drogas e armas.
Globális szerveződés, otthoni ápolás
Authors: Turai Tünde
Published: April 2017

A globalizáció pozitív és negatív hatások oka és okozata egyszerre. Folyamat, ami meghatározza a társadalmi struktúrákat és ezáltal az egyéni döntések és cselekvések kereteit, miközben az egyes szereplők is aktívan részt vesznek alakításában. A migráns gondozói munka egy komplex és elégtelen ellátói rendszerbe illeszkedik, és több aktor (állam, privát szféra, család) tevékenységének keresztmetszetében formálódik. Az olcsó, rugalmas, részben professzionális és részben családias ápolást biztosító, sok munkaórára (akár 24 órára) és hosszú távon igényelhető humán erőforrás a külföldről érkező nők köréből rekrutálható. A globális munkaerőpiacba integrálódott és azon belül jelentős szegmenssé vált reprodukciós szektor számos új kérdést vet fel, és arra késztet, hogy három rendszer – gender, migráció és ápolás – egymásra hatását vessük vizsgálat alá. Tanulmányomban arra vállalkozom, hogy bemutassam, a kelet- és közép-európai nők miként kapcsolódtak be a globális ápolási szektorba, hogyan járulnak hozzá ennek működtetéséhez, illetve milyen rendszerét dolgozták ki az általuk lefedett területeknek.
Francisco González Medrano (1939-2017)
Authors: Hernández Sandoval Luis
Published: April 2017

Bio.
Mario Sousa Sánchez (1940-2017)
Authors: Grether González Rosaura
Published: April 2017

Bio.
The Competency-Based Approach: The Concept of Group in Benin EFL Teaching
Authors: Hounhanou Arlette Viviane
Published: April 2017

The role of the teacher within the Competency-Based Approach (henceforth CBA) tradition is essentially to conduct his/her class as a group through his/her skills, to serve as a role model for the learner. In order to manage his/her learners, the teacher is expected to organize learners in groups. Given his/her incapacity to obtain young or budding leaders from each group, the teacher needs to select within each group a representative or/and a facilitator. Thus, the concept of group in this sense perceived by the majority of teachers does not correspond to the CBA as established by those who designed the program. An important rule of the CBA is that each teacher should realize his/her group. So the structure of the classroom realized by the teacher is expected to be modified by the teacher of Mathematics because the leaders in an English class are not necessarily the same as those in a Mathematics class. In addition, the idea that the teacher of English should obtain at least one leader for a group is not all the time maintained when it comes to having another teacher, say, a mathematics teacher in the same class. The goal of this article is to draw the teacher’s attention to the concept of group, to how sensible it is, and the major recommendation of this study is that the teacher should reconsider meaningful data and strategies while organizing his/her group in the classroom.
A REVIEW ON THE NEURAL CIRCUITS IN ANXIETY DISORDERS
Authors: Arya Ashwani , Sindhwani Gulshan
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTAnxiety disorders are among the most common mental, emotional, and behavioral problems. These affect one-eighth of the total population worldwide.Anxiety disorders are a group of mental disorders characterized by irritability, fear, insomnia, nervousness, tachycardia, inability to concentrate,poor coping skills, palpitation, sweating, agoraphobia, and social withdrawal. Brain regions and networks involved in anxiety symptomatology isan effort to better understand the mechanism involved and to develop more effective treatments for the anxiety disorders. Thus, neuroanatomicaland neuroimaging research in anxiety disorders has centered on the role of the amygdala, reciprocal connections between the amygdala and theprefrontal cortex, and, most recently, alterations in interoceptive processing by the anterior insula. Anxiety disorders are characterized by alterationsin a diverse range of neurochemical systems, suggesting ample novel targets for drug therapies. The neurotransmitter like corticotropin-releasingfactor, neuropeptides (substance P, neuropeptide Y, oxytocin, orexin, and galanin) are implicated in anxiety pathways. Each of these active areas ofresearch holds promise for expanding and improving evidence-based treatment options for individuals suffering with clinical anxiety. Therefore,this article gives the information on the neurocognitive mechanisms, causes, neurotransmitter involved in anxiety disorders and emphasize on thetherapeutic targets for anxiety disorders.Keywords: Anxiety, Stress, Amygdala, Corticotropin releasing factor, Insula, Thalamus.
ADSORPTION OF FLUORIDE FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER IN FIXED BED COLUMN USING JAVA PLUM (SYZYGIUM CUMINI)
Authors: Singh Tej Pratap , Ghosh Sanjay , Cb Majumder
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The quality of drinking water is important for public safety and quality of life. Thus, providing every person on earth safe drinking waterseems to be the biggest challenge in front of mankind. For this purpose, here we have investigated the fluoride removal capacity of java plum.Methods: In this study, removal of fluoride from industrial wastewater using fixed-bed reactor adsorption techniques by java plum seed (Syzygiumcumini) was investigated. Fixed-bed column experiments were carried out for different bed depths, influent fluoride concentrations, and various flowrates. The Thomas model and bed depth service time model were applied to the experimental results. Both model predictions verify the experimentaldata for all the process parameters studied, indicating that the models were suitable for java plum (S. cumini) seeds (Biosorbent) fix-bed columndesign.Results: The empty bed residence time (EBRT) model optimizes the EBRT, and the Thomas model showed that the adsorption capacity is stronglydependent on the flow rate, initial fluoride concentration, and bed depth and is greater under conditions of a lower concentration of fluoride, lowerflow rate, and higher bed depth.Conclusion: The experimental results were encouraging and indicate that java plum (S. cumini) seed is a feasible option to use as a biosorbent toremove fluoride in a fixed bed adsorption process.Keywords: Adsorption, Column experiment, Thomas model, Empty bed residence time, Java plum.
DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MUCOADHESIVE MICROSPHERE-LOADED INTRANASAL GEL OF VENLAFAXINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Authors: Saikia Kritika , Kalita Bhupen , Kalita Banasmita
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The main objective of the present work is to develop and characterize a novel mucoadhesive intranasal microsphere gel formulation ofdrug venlafaxine to control the drug release through nasal mucosa and reach the target site with minimal side effect. The objectives of the studyare (1) formulation of mucoadhesive microspheres, (2) evaluation of mucoadhesive microspheres, (3) formulation of mucoadhesive microsphereloadednasal gel, (4) and evaluation of nasal gel.Methods: Preparation of chitosan microsphere: The chitosan microspheres were prepared by emulsion cross-linking method. Preparation ofmicrosphere-loaded gel: The nasal gels with varying concentrations of Carbopol 934P were prepared by dispersing required quantity of Carbopol inrequired quantity of distilled water with continuous stirring and kept overnight for complete hydration. The gel was then modified by the addition ofvarying proportion of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) K4M.Results: The prepared microspheres were evaluated for size distribution, surface morphology by scanning electron microscopy, entrapment efficiency,compatibility by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. Entrapment efficiency of all formulations was foundmore than 70%. Microsphere formulation containing drug and polymer in the ratio of 1:2.5 was found to be optimized. Optimized microsphereformulation was then incorporated in gel prepared using Carbopol 934P and HPMC. Prepared gel formulations were studied for viscosity, spreadability,and in-vitro drug release in simulated nasal conditions. Viscosity of the optimized batch of gel was recorded at 1056 centipoise. Drug release wasprolonged for the microsphere-in-gel formulations compared to the microspheres alone. For the optimized batch of gel, cumulative drug release of85.67% was found after 8 hrs.Conclusion: The results suggest that venlafaxine hydrochloride mucoadhesive microsphere-loaded nasal gel would give sustained drug release andsuperior bioavailability in the brain sites.Keywords: Venlafaxine, Chitosan, Mucoadhesive, Microsphere, Nasal gel.
PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY ON MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN RELATIONSHIP WITH VARIOUS RISK FACTORS
Authors: Waran Kames , Baby Linu P , Johnson Neema , John Shyamily , R Sambathkumar
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of risk factors which influence the increased rate of myocardial infarction in atertiary care hospital.Methods: Data for this 6 months prospective observational study were collected from 227 patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital with acutemyocardial infarction, through patient interviews and case reports and were analyzed.Results: A total of 227 cases were taken for this study. Out of 227 patients, 168 (74.19%) were males and 59 (25.81%) were females. This studyreveals some major risk factors which contribute the increased rate of myocardial infarction and were smoking, chronic alcoholism, obesity, sedentarylifestyle, male sex, physical inactivity, comorbid diseases, sleep disorders as well as age group between 41 and 60 years. No association between oilconsumption coffee intake and a positive association between tea intake was observed. Out of 105 patients diagnosed with ST elevated MI, 55 (52.23%)were treated with fibrinolytic therapy and 50 (47.77%) were excluded from this therapy mainly due to delayed admission. All the patients were foundto be benefited by beta-blocker therapy.Conclusion: Results suggested that awareness regarding moderate physical activity, cessation of cigarette smoking, increased daily consumption offruits and vegetables may reduce the increased myocardial infarction risk.Keywords: Myocardial infarction, Risk factors, Fibrinolytic therapy, Beta blockers.
EFFECT OF DAIDZEIN 120 MG SUPPLEMENTATION TO MENOPAUSAL SYMPTOMS AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN NON EQUOL PRODUCER WOMEN
Authors: Muharam Raden , Budiman Botefilia , Rachman Ichramsjah A , Nirmalasari Rully Ayu
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives: To investigate and compare symptom changes and quality of life (QOL) in non equol producer postmenopausal women after consumingdaidzein supplementation.Methods: This was a single randomized clinical trial. It involved menopausal women. They were divided into two groups, one received placebo thatcontains calcium glycerophosphate 500 mg, vitamin D3 35 IU and daidzein group contain daidzein 120 mg, contain calcium glycerophosphate 500 mg,vitamin D3 140 IU for 8 weeks. Plasma equol was measured before supplementation. Menopause QOL (MenQOL) questionnaires have been utilized inthe beginning and the end of treatment to assess the QOL.Results: A total of 41 women age 45-63 years old were included in this trial, 19 (47.5%) of them receive daidzein supplementation and othersreceived control treatment. Menopausal symptoms decreased but not statistically significant compare to control group.Conclusion: About 8 weeks daidzein supplementation was not statistically improved MenQOL status in non equol producer postmenopausal women.Keywords: Menopause, Quality of life, Menopausal symptom, Isoflavone, Daidzein, Menopause quality of life.
AN OVERVIEW ON “MEMORY DYSFUNCTION, TYPES OF MEMORY, AND ITS CLINICAL DISORDERS”
Authors: Bhor Rohit Jaysing
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTAll things considered, memory debilitation is ordinarily seen by doctors in different controls including neurology, psychiatry, pharmaceutical, andsurgery. Memory misfortune is frequently the most crippling element of numerous disarranges, hindering the typical every day exercises of thepatients, and significantly influencing their families. A few recognitions about memory, for example, the ideas of “short term” and “long haul” haveoffered route to a more refined understanding and enhanced order frameworks. These progressions result from neuropsychological investigationsof patients with central mind injuries, neuroanatomical studies in people and creatures, tests in creatures, positron-discharge tomography, usefulattractive reverberation imaging, and possibilities. Memory is presently comprehended to be a gathering of mental capacities that rely on a fewframeworks inside the cerebrum. In this article, we will talk about the accompanying four memory frameworks that are of clinical significance: Wordymemory, semantic memory, procedural memory, and working memory. Memory frameworks can be isolated into those that are definitive and thosethat are non-decisive. Revelatory or express memory will be memory for occasions that can be deliberately reviewed. Non-definitive or verifiablememory, by correlation, is memory that is communicated as an adjustment in conduct and is regularly oblivious.Keywords: Episodic memory, Semantic memory, Working memory, Agnosia, Brain injury, Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Wernicke–Korsakoff’s Syndrome.
PHYTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION AND HIGH-PERFORMANCE THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY PROFILING: SAPINDUS EMARGINATUS VAHL. AND MORINDA PUBESCENS J.E.SM. BARKS EXTRACTS
Authors: Jedage Hariba Dhondiram , Kp Manjunath
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: To identify the flavonoids high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) profiles from barks of Sapindus emarginatus Vahl.(Sapindaceae) and Morinda pubescens J.E.Sm. (Rubiaceae) by ethanol extracts.Methods: The barks of S. emarginatus Vahl. and M. pubescens J.E.Sm. extracted each separately with ethanol. Both these ethanol extracts weresubjected to preliminary phytochemical analysis. Based on phytochemical studies, the extracts obtained were subjected to HPTLC profiles for identifyand confirmation flavonoids, both these samples were compared with standard (Rutin). HPTLC analysis performed with silica gel G 60 F254 plateswith mobile phase ethyl acetate:n-butanol:formic acid:water (5:3:1:1). Detection of flavonoid compound was performed by scanning the developedplate at 254 nm.Results: Result of these both extracts shows positive tests for flavonoids. Ethanol extracts barks of S. emarginatus Vahl. and M. pubescens J.E.Sm eachwere showed bands of different Rf values with range 0.50-0.90 and standard showed bands of 0.50 Rf values.Conclusion: It can be concluded that rutin constituents of each bark extract are presents and have effective components which can be utilized as auseful herb for alleviation of various illness and disorders.Keywords: Sapindus emarginatus Vahl., Morinda pubescens J.E.Sm. Ethanol extracts, High-performance thin layer chromatography, Rutin.
DUCTAL CARCINOMA IN SITU AND INVASIVE BREAST CANCER-BASED DIFFERENTIAL GENE EXPRESSION STUDY FOR THERAPEUTIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Ramachandra Harshitha Gopisetty , Sakthivel Seethalakshmi , Madar Inamul Hasan , Tayubi Iftikhar Aslam , Habeeb Skm
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women globally. Multiple inherited mutations in genes are predominantly associatedwith breast cancer. The gene expression profiling of breast tumors generated by DNA microarray analysis provides molecular phenotyping thatdetermines and characterizes the classifications of these tumors.Methods: In this work, we used gene expression profiling of breast cancer samples from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The datasetGSE41194, retrieved from GEO, was used to investigate differential gene expression in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive breast cancer (IBC).The dataset contains 26 DCIS and 24 IBC samples. The data were analyzed in R and Bioconductor. To normalize the data Robust Multiarray Average(RMA) method was applied, limma software was used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in DCIS and IBC; an adjusted p value ≤0.05was used to filter differentially expressed probe sets, and a fold change (FC) ≥ 2 to identify upregulated and ≤−2 for downregulated genes. The DEGsretrieved were clustered and annotated using Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) Bioinformatics Resourceswith an EASE score ≤0.1 and count 2.Results: The analysis obtained 72 DEGs with a p≤0.05. The FC≥2 identified 38 upregulated probesets and FC≤−2 identified 34 downregulated probesets. The up and downregulated genes obtained in various comparisons were characterized based on gene ontology (GO) and pathway analyses inDAVID, which retrieved six genes that had principal pathways targeting breast cancer.Conclusion: Identification of these genes and pathways enhances the knowledge and progression of DCIS to IBC; paving a novel way for developingnew therapies for treating patients with breast cancer.Keywords: Molecular phenotyping, Gene Expression, Ductal carcinoma in situ, Invasive breast cancer.
A REVIEW ON VOICE ACTIVITY DETECTION AND MEL-FREQUENCY CEPSTRAL COEFFICIENTS FOR SPEAKER RECOGNITION (TREND ANALYSIS)
Authors: Mahalakshmi P
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The objective of this review article is to give a complete review of various techniques that are used for speech recognition purposes overtwo decades.Methods: VAD-Voice Activity Detection, SAD-Speech Activity Detection techniques are discussed that are used to distinguish voiced from unvoicedsignals and MFCC- Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient technique is discussed which detects specific features.Results: The review results show that research in MFCC has been dominant in signal processing in comparison to VAD and other existing techniques.Conclusion: A comparison of different speaker recognition techniques that were used previously were discussed and those in current research werealso discussed and a clear idea of the better technique was identified through the review of multiple literature for over two decades.Keywords: Cepstral analysis, Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients, signal processing, speaker recognition, voice activity detection.
POSTOPERATIVE ANALGESIA WITH INTRAPERITONEAL ROPIVACAINE WITH AND WITHOUT DEXMEDETOMIDINE AFTER TOTAL LAPAROSCOPIC HYSTERECTOMY: A RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: Acharya Ranjita , Karan Daisy , Khetan Megha
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: In this advanced era of surgery, laparoscopic hysterectomy operations are very commonly practiced by surgeons. It reduces trauma, morbidity, and health-care costs, ensuring early discharge. However, the early post-operative pain experienced by patients may sometimes negate all the advantages of a laparoscopic procedure. Intraperitoneal (IP) instillation of local anesthetics has been proposed to decrease post-operative pain after laparoscopic surgeries. Additives to local anesthetics like α-2 agonists such as clonidine and dexmedetomidine prolong the duration of analgesia. Therefore, this randomized, prospective, controlled study was conducted to compare the analgesic efficacy of IP ropivacaine with or without dexmedetomidine for postoperative analgesia after total laparoscopy hysterectomy.Methods: At the end of laparoscopic hysterectomy, in a double-blind, randomized manner, one of the following injections was given intraperitoneally. The patients were allocated into the following two groups: The patients in ropivacaine group (R group) (N = 40) were given 38 ml of 0.2% ropivacaine plus 2 ml of normal saline (NS) and the patients in ropivacaine plus dexmedetomidine group (RD group) (N = 40) were given 38 ml of 0.2% ropivacaine combined with 0.5 μg/kg dexmedetomidine (diluted in 2 ml NS) through trocars. All the patients were given diclofenac sodium when they had a pain score of 4 on visual analog scale (VAS).Results: VAS score at different time intervals was significantly lower after the second postoperative hour, time to first request of analgesia (minutes) was longest (487.7±40.96 vs. 242.5±19.84), and the total analgesic consumption (mg) was lowest (61.88±37.55 vs. 183.75±44.78) in RD group than in R group.Conclusion: The antinociceptive effects of the IP instillation of ropivacaine in combination with dexmedetomidine are superior to ropivacaine alone in laparoscopic hysterectomy cases.Keywords: Dexmedetomidine, Ropivacaine, Laparoscopic Hysterectomy.
EVALUATION OF APOPTOGENIC EFFECTS OF AVERRHOA BILIMBI EXTRACT ON EHRLICH ASCITES CARCINOMA BEARING MICE
Authors: Chauhan Jyoti Bala , Balaji K S , Jayarama S , Kapfo Wethroe
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The proapoptotic potential of aqueous methanol extract of Averrhoa bilimbi fruit (AMBE) in vivo against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC)bearing Swiss albino mice was studied.Methods: Cytotoxicity of the extract on the EAC cells was monitored by tumor growth response, trypan blue exclusion assay, Giemsa staining, DNAfragmentation, fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The phytochemicalscreening using LC-MS and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) was conducted.Results: The extract at 100 mg/kg body weight was significantly cytotoxic toward the cells with approximately 73% growth inhibition on day 12. Itmarkedly decreased the tumor volume by 65% and viable tumor cell by 72%. Giemsa staining of AMBE treated cells displayed apoptotic morphologiessuch as membrane blebbing, cytoplasmic condensation, and apoptotic bodies. Cytotoxicity of the extract to the carcinoma cells through apoptosis wasfurther highlighted by DNA fragmentation in treated cells, while FACS analysis showed that growth arrest took place at G0/G1 phase. RT-PCR analysisdisplayed reduced level of Bcl-2/Bax ratio in test cells as compared to control cells. Phytochemical analysis of the extract using LC-MS and FT-IRstudies showed that protocatechuic acid was the predominant component present in the extract.Conclusion: Our studies indicated that Averrhoa bilimbi extract expressed significant apoptogenic potential against EAC cells in vivo.Keywords: Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, Apoptosis, Fluorescence-activated cell sorting, Bax/Bcl-2, Protocatechuic acid.
ACUTE DERMAL TOXICITY STUDY OF ARECA CATECHU LINN. EXTRACT IN SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS
Authors: Sari Liza Meutia , Suyatna Frans D , Subita Gus Permana , Auerkar Elza Ibrahim
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Areca catechu Linn. or biji pinang is one of the most widely used psychoactive substance with several hundred million users worldwide,predominantly in Southern Asia. However, details of the dermal toxicity of A. catechu L. are still undiscovered. The objective of this study is toinvestigate the in vivo acute dermal toxicity of aqueous extract of A. catechu L. at dose 15,000 mg/kg body weight in Sprague-Dawley rats.Methods: The acute dermal toxicity of A. catechu L. nut extract was investigated in rats, as per OECD Guidelines 402 for acute toxicity protocols. Thebody weight, possibility of death, general signs, and behavior activity parameters were measured for 14 days to ascertain the median lethal dose(LD50) of the extract. At the end of the study, all the animals in all the treated group were sacrificed.Results: The LD50 was found to be >15,000 mg/kg body weight. There was significant weight increase (p<0.05) in treated group when comparedto control group. No mortality was observed during whole 14 days study period. A single dose of 15,000 mg/kg of body weight did not producetreatment-related signs of toxicity in any of animal tested.Conclusion: A single dermal dose to A. catechu L. aqueous extract had no toxic effects on mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes, and grossfindings in female rats at a dose of 15,000 mg/kg of body weight. Subsequently, the concentrate can be employed for pharmaceuticals nutrient plants.Keywords: A. catechu L., Acute dermal toxicity, LD50.
THE EFFECT OF ALPHA-MANGOSTIN IN BALANCING THE RATIO OF CYTOKINES PRO-AND ANTI-INFLAMMATION-GAMMA (IFN-γ/IL-10) AND SEVERITY OF THE DISEASE IN MICE INFECTED WITH MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT
Authors: Nugrahaeni Dyan Kunthi , Hadisaputro Suharyo , Suwondo Ari , Dharmana Edi
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The objective of this study was observed to measure the effect of alpha-mangostin in balancing the ratio of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) andinterleukin-10 (IL-10), and the severity of the disease in mice which infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis multidrug-resistant (TB-MDR).Method: Infected BALB/c mice were consisted of five groups: Treated with anti-TB drugs+α-mangostin, treated with anti-TB drugs, given α-mangostinduring treatment, and control group. Cytokine levels of culture supernatant of spleen cells were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The number of bacterial colonies was derived from a primary cell culture of bronchoalveolar lavage. Statistical analysis was performed with Anova,Kruskal-Wallis test and correlation Pearson, and Spearman-rank test.Result: Median IFN-γ production was higher in mice, which given with α-mangostin during treatment is 1838.2 pg/ml and control is 1585.5 pg/mlcompared treated with anti-TB drugs+α-mangostin (1312 pg/ml) and anti-TB drugs (1429.3 pg/ml) (p>0.05). The highest result production of medianIL-10 in the 3th group is (465.91 pg/ml) and the lowest in the control group is 195.29 pg/ml, p>0.05. Median IFN-γ/IL-10 ratio of the 3th group verylow (3.94), it means the 3th group is experienced with severity of TB. Alpha-mangostin was decreased in severity of disease based on the number ofTB-MDR bacterial colonies (p≤0.05).Conclusion: α-mangostin have an effect on the balancing IFN-γ/IL-10 ratio and reduce a severity of TB-MDR with using immunomodulator.Keywords: Tuberculosis multidrug-resistant, Alpha-mangostin, Interferon-γ/interleukin-10 ratio, Number of tuberculosis multidrug-resistantbacterial colonies.
ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF CITRUS MAXIMUS LEAVES IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS
Authors: Thakuria Nishanta , Das Swarnamoni , Dewan Babul
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: To assess the anticonvulsant activity of ethanolic extract of Citrus maximus (EECM) leaves of maximal electroshock seizure (MES) andpentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizure models on albino (Wistar strain) rats and mice.Methods: Anticonvulsant activity was carried out by MES model and PTZ-induced clonic convulsions model; in each model, albino rats (Wistar strain)of either sex were taken and divided into five groups, each consisting of 6 rats. One group was used as control (3% w/v gum acacia), one as standard(phenytoin), and three groups for the test drug of EECM leaves (doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) treatment. The reduction in time or abolition of tonicextensor phase of MES-convulsions was recorded for all the animals. In PTZ model, either delay or complete abolition of convulsions in rats treatedwith diazepam and EECM leaves was noted for all the animals.Result: EECM leaves reduced the extensor phase of convulsion in MES in a dose-dependent manner and decrease in the duration of convulsions in PTZmodel with increasing dose. Anticonvulsant activity was seen maximum at the dose of 200 mg/kg.Conclusions: Thus, from the above two seizure models of MES and PTZ, it can be concluded that EECM leaves have got an anticonvulsant effect in anincreasing dose-dependent manner.Keywords: Anticonvulsant, Citrus maximus, Maximal electroshock seizure, Pentylenetetrazol.
LIVED IN EXPERIENCE OF WOMEN WITH BREAST CANCER
Authors: Bhaskaran Jayabharathi , Samson Blessy
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives: Breast cancer is a kind of cancer that develops from breast cells. Breast cancer usually starts off in the inner lining of milk ducts or the lobules that supply them with milk. The objectives of the present study are to explore the lived in experience of women with breast cancer and to extrapolate the various dimensions of lived in experience of women with breast cancer.Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in different units of Metro Hospital and Cancer Institute, Delhi. Phenomenological approach was adopted for the study.The sample consisted of women with breast cancer who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A total of 15 women with breast cancer were selected using non probability - purposive sampling technique. Structured questionnaire was used to assess the demographic variables of women with breast cancer.An interview schedule with open-ended questions was used to explore the lived in experience of women with breast cancer. The collected data from 15 women with breast cancer were analyzed using Collaizzi’s seven - step methodological interpretation approach (analysis framework).Results: The investigator explored the lived in experience of women with breast cancer by conducting audio taped interview. Various dimensions such as physical dimension, psychological well-being, dealing with stigma, behavioral dimension, immaterial belief, human connectedness, and economical dimension were identified by the investigator. Under each dimension, sub-themes were formulated based on their lived-in experiences.Conclusion: Nurses working in the different health-care settings have the opportunity to explore the feelings of women with breast cancer and incorporating this knowledge while providing care to strengthen their coping mechanism, improve self-reliance and enhance quality of life.Keywords: Lived in experience, Women with breast cancer, Various dimensions.
BIOACTIVE POTENTIAL OF STREPTOMYCES VARIABILIS - DV-35 ISOLATED FROM THOTTADA MARINE SEDIMENTS, KANNUR, KERALA
Authors: Kv Bhaskara Rao , Mandal Sreejetha  , Divya Divya , Sreedharan Veena 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: This study was aimed to evaluate the bioactive potential (antimicrobial and antioxidant) of marine actinobacteria isolated from Thottadamarine sediment, Kannur, Kerala.Methods: The study involved isolation of marine actinobacteria from Thottada marine sediments, followed by antimicrobial and antioxidant activityof the crude extract. Finally, identification of potential isolates.Results: In this study, a total of 6 actinobacterial colonies were isolated, out of which only one isolate DV-35 showed maximum anti-microbial andanti-oxidant activity. The isolate DV-35 showed maximum inhibitory activity against Gram-negative bacterial pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa(18 mm) followed by Salmonella typhi (17 mm) and Klebsiella sp. (13 mm) at a dose of 100 μg/ml. In antifungal activity, extract showed maximumactivity against Aspergillus niger (19 mm) followed Aspergillus flavus (17 mm) at a dose of 100 μg/ml. Simultaneously the extract was evaluated for itsantioxidant activity. The potential isolate DV-35 also showed moderately higher antioxidant activity in various screening assay, viz., 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay (80.12%), metal chelating assay and reducing power assay (76%) at a concentration of 100 μg/ml. Potential isolateDV-35 was identified as Streptomyces variabilis DV-35 using molecular 16S rRNA sequencing.Conclusion: The results obtained suggest that the extract is having bioactive metabolites that can be considered as a potential source for antimicrobialand anti-oxidant drug development.Keywords: Marine actinomycetes, Anti-microbial activity, Anti-oxidant activity, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Streptomyces variabilis.
PREVALENCE OF VIRULENCE FACTORS AMONG CLINICAL ISOLATES OF ENTEROCOCCUS SPP.
Authors: Sivaraman Umadevi , L Ravichandran , S Pramodhini , S Srirangaraj , Ks Seetha
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: To identify some of the virulence factors such as hemolysin, gelatinase, and biofilm production among the clinical isolates of enterococci.Methods: Hemolysin detection using sheep blood agar. Gelatine agar was used for gelatinase production, and tube adherence method was used fordetecting biofilm production.Results: Hemolysin production observed in 49% of isolates, gelatinase production in 41% of isolates, and 46% of isolates were produced biofilm.Conclusion: Virulence factors production was noticed more in Enterococcus faecalis than Enterococcus faecium. It is necessary to find theproduction of important virulence factors among the clinical isolates as they are always associated with virulence of the organism including drugresistance.Keywords: Hemolysin, Gelatinase, Biofilm, Enterococcus.
COMPARISON OF WIDAL AND TYPHOID IMMUNOGLOBULIN M AND IMMUNOGLOBULIN G IN RAPID AND EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF ENTERIC FEVER
Authors: K Sharanya , K Vinod , K Lakshmi
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Typhoid fever is one of the major public health problems in developing countries including India. A simple, reliable, rapid, and earlydiagnostic test has been one of the important needs of the clinicians. The present study was carried out to compare the Widal test and typhoidimmunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) rapid test in diagnosing of Salmonella typhi infection.Methods: A total of 100 cases having clinical suspicion of typhoid fever and 40 controls (20 healthy persons and 20 non-typhoidal febrile patients)were studied. Participants were investigated by blood culture, clot culture, Widal test, and typhoid IgM and IgG rapid test, and the results werecompared.Results: Typhoid IgM and IgG test was positive for IgM in 70 cases and IgG for 6 cases of typhoid fever compared to Widal test which showed only58 positive cases. The sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive value of typhoid IgM was found as 70%, 90%, 94.59%, and 54.55%,respectively. On the other hand, corresponding values for Widal test were 58%, 85%, 90.63%, and 44.74%, respectively.Conclusion: In the present study, the typhoid IgM and IgG yielded remarkable high sensitivity and specificity to diagnose typhoid fever in the firstweek of illness, so it is recommended to use the test in small and less equipped laboratories as a complementary test to Widal.Keywords: Widal, Typhoid immunoglobulin M/immunoglobulin G, Typhoid fever, Blood culture.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ALCOHOLIC AND AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF SYZYGIUM CUMINI ON CARBON TETRACHLORIDE-INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN WISTAR RATS
Authors: Sharma Shweta , Bk Mehta
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: In this investigation, the comparative hepatoprotective effect of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Syzygium cumini (AESC and EESC,respectively) was studied on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic injury in rats. These findings were also compared with the standardhepatoprotective drug silymarin.Methods: Hepatotoxicity was induced by a single dose of CCl4 to healthy Wistar rats. Standard drug (100 mg/kg) and test extracts (500 mg/kg forboth) were given orally for 10 days; the effects were observed using different biochemical and histological methods.Results: In most of the studied parameters test extracts exhibited significant hepatoprotection, these were comparative to standard. Histologicalanalysis also revealed the protective nature of both the extracts.Conclusion: These results suggest that the SC extracts can ameliorate CCl4 induced hepatic injury. However, its ethanolic extract was found to berelatively less effective than aqueous extract. Indicated, some hydrophilic active compound of SC might work here.Keywords: Hepatoprotective, Carbon tetrachloride, Silymarin, Syzygium cumini, Alkaline phosphatase, Total bilirubin.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY IN THE DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS FOR ORAL MANIFESTATION AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN NORTH KARNATAKA
Authors: Nimbal Anand V , Desai Vikas C , Rathod Shardha Bai
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Diabetes mellitus is the leading health problem across the world. It is associated with several complications such as retinopathy, neuropathy,oral manifestations, chronic macrovascular and microvascular complications. Our objective is to compare these oral manifestations in controlled anduncontrolled diabetic patients.Methods: A study was conducted on total of 100 diabetic patients. The patients were divided into two groups: Group I (n=50) consists of controlleddiabetic patients and Group II (n=50) consists of uncontrolled diabetic patients. Before, the start of the study proper oral examination was donefor both the groups. Samples were collected and were subjected to microbial examination. Comparison between both the groups was done for oralmanifestations.Results: It showed that uncontrolled diabetic patients had a higher incidence of oral manifestations such as hyposalivation, parotid enlargement,burning sensation of mouth, taste alterations, sialorrhea, dental carries, and microbial lesions than controlled diabetes patients.Conclusion: Uncontrolled diabetic patients had higher risk of oral manifestations than controlled diabetic individuals.Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Retinopathy, Neuropathy, Oral manifestations, Periodontitis, Hyposalivation.
ACUTE TOXICITY EVALUATION OF PROTODIOSCIN RICH EXTRACT OF TRIGONELLA FOENUM-GRAECUM L IN RATS
Authors: Parmar Vijaykumar Kunvarji , Variya Ketan , Patel Sandip
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the acute toxicity of standardized protodioscin rich extract (PRE) of Trigonella foenumgraecumL (26.63% w/w; PRE).Methods: To evaluate the toxicity of PRE, the acute toxicity of the extract on adult rats were investigated. A fixed large dose of 2 g/kg body weight ofPRE was administrated by a single oral gavage, and 1 g/kg body weight of PRE was administered by intravenous according to the Organisation forEconomic Co-operation and Development guidelines.Results: In 2 weeks, PRE showed no obvious acute toxicity. There were no deaths in either group and no change in the clinical signs. The hematologicaland biochemical analyses showed some changes that returned to reference levels without impairment of homeostasis. The treatment did not induceuntoward changes in organs as shown by histological studies. The in vivo results showed that has low toxicity.Conclusion: PRE is safe and can be potentially used as an aphrodisiac in future studies.Keywords: Protodioscin, Aphrodisiac, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Toxicity,Histopathological studies.
TREND OF INCIDENCE OF GASTRIC CANCER IN SISTAN AND BALUCHESTAN PROVINCE, IRAN
Authors: Salehiniya Hamid , Mohammadian Maryam , Mahdavifar Neda
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the third cause of death from cancers in the world and is known as the most deadlycancer in Iran. Since the knowledge about the epidemiological situation and the trend of incidence of this cancer is essential to plan for the preventionand treatment of cancer, this study was performed with the aim of investigating the epidemiological status, the rate and the trend of gastric cancerincidence in Sistan and Baluchestan province.Methods: This study was conducted using existing data and data extracted from the National Cancer Registry System and the Disease ManagementCenter of Iranian Ministry of Health between 2003 and 2008. Age-Standardized incidence rates (ASIR) were calculated using the world standardpopulation. The crude incidence rate was also computed. Cochran–Armitage test for linear trend was used for evaluation of the incidence trend.Results: The number of 255 cases of gastric cancer occurred in the study period that 188 cases were in men and 67 in women. Accordingly, theincidence of gastric cancer has had an ascending trend in Sistan and Baluchestan (p=0.00) and its incidence in men and women has changed to1.18 and 2.73 in 2004 to 1.84 and 4.48 in 2008, respectively. Furthermore, with ageing, the incidence of gastric cancer has increased in both sexes andits incidence was higher in men than women.Conclusion: The incidence of gastric cancer has an increasing trend in Sistan and Baluchestan, hence, etiological surveys and programs of earlydiagnosis are useful in this province to the reduce cancer.Keywords: Incidence, Gastric cancer, Iran, Epidemiology.
A STUDY OF RELATION BETWEEN BODY MASS INDEX AND DYSMENORRHEA AND ITS IMPACT ON DAILY ACTIVITIES OF MEDICAL STUDENTS
Authors: Mohapatra Dipti , Mishra Tapaswini , Behera Manasi , Panda Priyambada
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Dysmenorrhea is a condition, in which there is a severe, painful, cramping sensation in the lower abdomen which occurs just before orduring the menses. It has a major impact on the quality of life and social and occupational roles of females in the society. It also results in insignificantwork, school, and college absences in girls. As previous studies have failed to show a definite relation between dysmenorrhea and body massindex (BMI), the aim of our study was to find out an association between BMI and dysmenorrhea among medical students.Methods: The study was conducted on 200 medical students. Each one was supplied with a questionnaire with detailed menstrual history, familyhistory of dysmenorrhea, and detailed H/O of physical exercise and dietary habits. BMI was calculated by the formula weight in kg/height2 in meter,and based on the BMI criteria by the World Health Organization, the students were classified into four groups: Underweight, normal, overweight, andobese groups. The data obtained were statistically analyzed by Pearson Chi-square test, and p<0.5 was considered significant.Result: From our study, we found out that there is a positive correlation between dysmenorrhea and low BMI.Conclusion: As there is a positive correlation between BMI and dysmenorrhea, our aim was to educate people about dysmenorrhea and createawareness on diet and dysmenorrhea to assist in improving the quality of life in females.Keywords: Dysmenorrhea, Body mass index, Quality of life.