bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Mental Side of the Injured Athlete
Authors: Daley Mary M. , Griffith Kelsey , Milewski Matthew D. , Christino Melissa A.
Published: April 2021

The psychosocial benefits of participating in sports have long been appreciated. However, athletes are often faced with circumstances that make them susceptible to psychological challenges unique to the athletic population. One such circumstance is injury in sport, which can be a source of notable distress and may precipitate the emergence of new or exacerbation of underlying psychological disorders. In athletes who are injured, particularly those undergoing surgical intervention, psychological factors play a substantial role in the recovery process. A more comprehensive understanding of the complex interplay between psychological and physical health in the setting of an injury is essential to optimize patient care. The aim of this review was to highlight the impact of psychological factors on measurable outcomes after orthopaedic surgical interventions and to explore interventions that can be implemented to improve surgical outcomes and the overall care of injured athletes.
Osteoporosis Is Undertreated After Low-energy Vertebral Compression Fractures
Authors: Haffner Max R. , Delman Connor M. , Wick Joseph B. , Han Gloria , Roberto Rolando F. , Javidan Yashar , Klineberg Eric O. , Le Hai V.
Published: April 2021

Introduction:

Despite guidelines recommending postfracture bone health workup, multiple studies have shown that evaluation and treatment of osteoporosis has not been consistently implemented after fragility fractures. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate rates of osteoporosis evaluation and treatment in adult patients after low-energy thoracolumbar vertebral compression fractures (VCFs).

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed all patients ≥60 years old presenting to a single academic trauma center with acute thoracolumbar VCFs after a ground-level fall from 2016 to 2020 . Rates of osteoporosis screening with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and initiation of pharmaceutical treatment were recorded at four time points: before the date of injury, during index hospitalization, at first primary care provider follow-up, and at final primary care provider follow-up. Rates of subsequent falls and secondary fragility fractures were recorded. One-year mortality and overall mortality were also calculated.

Results:

Fifty-two patients with a mean age of 83 years presenting with thoracic and/or lumbar fractures after a ground-level fall were included. At a mean final follow-up of 502 days, only 10 patients (19.2%) received pharmacologic therapy for osteoporosis and only 6 (11.5%) underwent postinjury dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry evaluation. Twenty-five patients (48%) had at least one subsequent fall at a mean of 164 days from the initial date of injury. Eleven patients with subsequent falls sustained an additional fragility fracture because of the fall, including six operative injuries. One-year mortality among the 52 patients was 26.9%, and the overall mortality rate was 44.2% at the final follow-up.

Discussion:

Osteoporosis remains a major public health issue that markedly affects quality of life and healthcare costs. Our study demonstrates the additional need for improved osteoporosis workup and intervention among patients who have sustained VCFs. We hope that our study helps raise awareness for improved osteoporosis evaluation and treatment among spine surgeons and all medical professionals treating patients with fragility fractures.

Level of Evidence:

Retrospective Case Series, Level IV Evidence
Congenital Radioulnar Synostosis
Authors: Rutkowski Paul T. , Samora Julie Balch
Published: April 2021

Congenital radioulnar synostosis is a rare condition resulting in fusion of the proximal portions of the radius and ulna. Patients commonly present in early childhood with functional deficits because of limited forearm rotation and fixed positioning of the forearm. Compensatory motion and hypermobility are frequently observed at the wrist and shoulder, which may predispose these joints to overuse injury. Plain radiographs are used for diagnosis and classification. The most commonly used classification does not aid in treatment decisions. Limited high-level evidence exists to guide management because the literature primarily consists of case reports and case series. Nonsurgical management is often used, yet surgical management is most commonly reported in the literature. Resection of the synostosis has been shown to have high-complication rates and lead to subpar outcomes. Currently, surgical management most commonly involves one or more derotational osteotomies.
Entanglement Interpreted as the Cooperation Between the Super-Elastic Double-Helix Photons and the Super-Elastic Double-Helix Gravitons. Quantum Cavendish Experiment. Intellectual Mastery of Nature (07.10.2020)
Authors: Stavek Jiri
Published: April 2021

In our approach we have combined knowledge of Old Masters (working in this field before the year 1905), New Masters (working in this field after the year 1905) and Dissidents under the guidance of Albert Einstein (EPR Paradox). Two free-will partners A (Alice) and B (Bob) share each a photon from a photon pair emitted from the source and measure the correlations among those entangled photons. Based on the great work of the smartest theorists and experimentalists the interpretation of that entanglement correlations goes unequivocally for the supporters of Niels Bohr: the quantum mechanics (QM) is complete and cannot be modified in any possible way. J.S. Bell stated that all local hidden variable theories are excluded forever, and this is now the dominant statement in the “entanglement community”. Is there any chance to contribute anything reasonable in favor of Albert Einstein´s statement that the QM is incomplete? In our approach we have inserted two new local hidden variables γ and δ (gravitons emitted by the Earth towards individual polarizers = GAIA Effect) into the old trigonometric functions haversin (2θ) = sin2θ and havercosin (2θ) = cos2θ where haversine and havercosine represent orthogonal projections on hyperplanes. These new local hidden variables might contribute to the creation of the entanglement among the separated photons as it is described by the QM. In order to falsify the QM correlation predictions (in the spirit of Karl Popper), we can locally bring to the vicinity of the polarizers two field masses (emanating additional gravitons towards the used polarizers = RHEA Effect, Plato connected the word with ρέω = rheo = flow, RHEA - the daughter of GAIA). The first local hidden variables γ and δ - GAIA Effect - at this moment cannot be controlled by humans, however, the second local hidden variables ε and ζ - RHEA Effect - can be controlled by humans (e.g., the experiment of Henry Cavendish in 1797). This concept might document the Intellectual Mastery of our Nature to hide Her secrets using the mathematical camouflage. We want to pass this scenario into the hands of the big G researchers and the “entanglement community” to evaluate if really our “Nature loves to hide.”
The Household Appliance Stock, Income, and Electricity Demand Elasticity
Authors: Ohler Adrienne , Loomis David G. , Marquis Yewande
Published: April 2021

This paper estimates household electricity demand using data from the Energy Information Administration’s (EIA) 2015 Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS). Previous research has focused on estimating price elasticities, and we contribute to this literature by examining how price elasticity is impacted by household income and the appliance stock. Results show that as income increases, households rely less on electricity for space and water heating, but the number of electronic appliances increases with income. The changing stock suggests that the mechanism through which energy reduction occurs differs across income levels. The results can aid policymakers concerned about electricity demand, rising electricity rates, and the impact on low-income households. The results can also inform the design of demand response and demand side management programs.
On Bond Returns in a Time of Climate Change
Authors: Ravina Alessandro
Published: April 2021

The study of the financial repercussions of low-carbon policy has focused mainly on stocks, leaving bonds out of the picture. The objective of this paper is to assess the impact of low-carbon policy upon European bond returns. This is done by extending the Fama and French two factor model for bonds with an EU-ETS participation factor: GMC (Green minus Carbon). This paper makes four contributions. Firstly, it provides a statistically highly significant measure of the sensitivity of bond portfolio returns to the GMC factor. Secondly, it shows the presence of a green premium in the European bond market in between 2008 and 2018. Thirdly, evidence is found that the addition of an environmental factor improves the performance of the original model. Fourthly, the carbon stress test put forward is able to indicate the effects of a plausible but more severe average EU-ETS carbon price on bond returns.
Investment Allocation with Capital Constraints. Comparison of Fiscal Regimes
Authors: Osmundsen Petter , Lovas Kjell , Emhjellen Magne
Published: April 2021

The dramatic fall in oil prices after 2014 has led to more extensive capital rationing in international oil companies, and subsequent fierce competition between resource extraction countries to attract scarce investment. This situation is not adequately addressed by the large general literature on international taxation and multinational companies, since it fails to take account of capital rationing in its assumption that companies sanction all projects with a positive net present after-tax value. The paper examines the effect of tax design on international capital allocation when companies ration capital. We analyse capital allocation and government take for four equal oil projects in three different fiscal regimes: the U.S. GoM, UK upstream and Norway offshore. Implications for optimal tax design are discussed.
Cultural criminology and narrative criminology’s shared interests
Authors: Brisman Avi
Published: April 2021

Cultural criminology and narrative criminology’s shared interests – More than just criminological verstehen

This article explores the intersection of two criminological perspectives—cultural criminology and narrative criminology. Taking inspiration from Mills and Fleetwood’s article, ‘Prepping and verstehen: A narrative criminological perspective’, where the authors contend that stories complement the pursuit of criminological verstehen, this article draws attention to other ways in which cultural criminology and narrative criminology are imbricated, taking notice of commonalities in cultural criminology’s analysis of media looping and narrative criminology’s identification of cycles of storytelling practice and lived experiences. A consideration of Donald Trump’s attempts to control narrative is used to develop an argument regarding cultural criminology’s and narrative criminology’s joint questioning of linear sequencing and mutual recognition of circulating fluidity
Verhalen in interviews
Authors: van Hulst Merlijn
Published: April 2021

Stories in interviews – Critical review of narrative criminology

Narrative criminology focuses on stories. It initially contrasted itself with standard approaches to interviewing. The founders of narrative criminology proposed that we understand that what the persons we investigate are telling us, as acting discursively and not as factual descriptions of events or accurate representations of their perspective. This critique I compare to previous critique on interviewing to show their overlap. Next, I critique these critiques. Finally, I propose several ways through which narratives in interviews can be enriched.
Legitimering van massale schade
Authors: van Stokkom Bas
Published: April 2021

Legitimation of mass harm – Lois Presser’s narrative sociology

In this review-essay, two books by criminologist Lois Presser are discussed: Why We Harm (2013) and Inside Story: How Narratives Drive Mass Harm (2018). In these books the author develops a general theory of harmful action, in particular collective and massive forms of harmful action that are often related to state institutions and large companies. Presser shows that all kinds of stories, scripts and ideologies may justify, support, cover up or deny harmful action. In her publications, cultural sociology, critical criminology and discourse analysis are intimately intertwined.
Voicing the Subaltern in African-American and Dalit Women's Autobiographies
Authors: Beltrán Isabel
Published: April 2021

This paper aims to analyse two major autobiographies of Dalit women’s literature and African American women’s writing – Karukku (1992) by Bama Faustina and Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl (1861) by Harriet A. Jacobs – to bring forth the similarities between these two groups of subaltern women. Through the means of autobiography, both writers transmit their own experiences and denounce the gender, race and caste oppression endured. The subaltern theory coined by Antonio Gramsci and developed by Gayatri Spivak will be used to analyse these texts and the way they establish a link between two different worlds as well as how they share the common objective of making their narrators’ exclusion visible in their patriarchal worlds.
Reseña de Spiritual and Corporeal Selves in India: Approaches in a Global World
Authors: Navarro Tejero Antonia
Published: April 2021

Una reseña de Spiritual and Corporeal Selves in India: Approaches in a Global World
Contar con todo: análisis de las estrategias intermediales en la novela Conjunto vacío, de Verónica Gerber Bicecci
Authors: Schmitter Gianna
Published: April 2021

La novela Conjunto vacío (2015, 2017), de Verónica Gerber Bicecci, exhibe una escritura compuesta por texto verbal, dibujos y préstamos geométricos, es decir que recurre a estrategias intermediales. Dado que la intencionalidad es clave para la diferenciación de un objeto artístico intermedial, proponemos analizar cómo la intermedialidad se motiva por la historia, cómo la trama reflexiona sobre lo que es narrar y exhibe lo que puede ser una narración intermedial. Para ello expondremos las categorías intermediales a partir de las cuales trabajamos; analizamos cómo se construye la narración; ahondamos en la reflexión que se lleva a cabo sobre distintas formas de escritura, ya que Gerber Bicecci se interesa por mecanismos y procesos de codificación y decodificación. Finalmente, estudiaremos las narraciones visuales que emergen a partir de la combinación mediática entre palabra y dibujo, y propondremos una tipología de estrategias usadas en la novela.
Nota de las editoras: Desde la intermedialidad para la intermedialidad: una didáctica de los lenguajes
Authors: Kunde Karo , Piderit M. Fernanda
Published: April 2021

La crítica literaria se ha concentrado tradicionalmente en el dominio lingüístico de la creación y la recepción literaria, con la palabra escrita como el medio principal para sus diferentes modulaciones, hecho que también observamos en la didáctica de la lengua y la literatura, pese a su enfoque comunicativo. Los estudios intermedia-les, desde esta perspectiva, nos permiten abordar la literatura como un medio entre otros medios y lenguajes que se combinan en imbricaciones difíciles de desentramar y para las cuales se requieren de nuevas estrategias y habilidades de decodificación de los mensajes que circulan en diferentes soportes y plataformas: televisión, strea-ming, libros ilustrados, poesía visual, arte callejero, video-poesía, literatura digital, etcétera. Frente a este panorama nos preguntamos: ¿es posible pensar hoy una lite-ratura que no sea intermedial? y ¿cuáles son las estrategias y competencias que de-bemos potenciar para abordar en profundidad la creación literaria? A partir de estas interrogantes, el presente monográfico recoge diferentes aportes para renovar la comprensión e interpretación de las creaciones literarias y que abren la puerta a la aplicación teórica y práctica de metodologías intermediales en el contexto educati-vo.
Analysis of Isotropy and Uniformity of the Distribution of Reinforcing Phase in Cu/SiC Composite Materials Using ?CT Methods
Authors: Pietrzak Katarzyna , Gładki Andrzej , Strojny-Nędza Agata , Wejrzanowski Tomasz , Kaszyca Kamil
Published: April 2021

Tomography allows embedding of one space in another, especially ?2 ? ?3, and observation of the nature of the volumetric internal composite structure. Now, not only a simple interpretation is expected of geometry defined via single thresholds of structures. The binary segmentation used for numerical structure analysis requires more detailed presentation. This paper shows an example of image analysis techniques applied to study the homogeneity of two-phase material. Using tomography analysis, the results of the homogeneity of the SiC particles with 10vol.%, 20vol.%, 30vol.%, 40vol.% volumetric bulk density of Cu/SiC composites are presented. Finally, for two independent coordinate systems, the distribution of  SiC particle masses and their total moments of inertia were determined. The results confirmed that for well-mixed composite powders the homogeneity of the reinforcing phase is expected in samples with a  SiC volume near 30vol.%. In this case, segregation by translation and rotation of SiC particles in the matrix, during the sintering process is restricted.
ELEMENTOS DE ATRAÇÃO DE ESTUDANTES DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO STRICTO SENSU E SUA RELAÇÃO COM A LEALDADE À UNIVERSIDADE
Authors: Bento Graziela dos Santos , Domingues Maria José Carvalho de Souza , Hein Nelson , Boff Marines Lucia
Published: April 2021

Este artigo explora os elementos que influenciam a escolha de uma Universidade por estudantes de pós-graduação e verifica a relação entre esses elementos e a lealdade dos estudantes. Uma análise fatorial exploratória agrupou as variáveis identificadas na literatura em seis dimensões, que foram classificadas como Estrutura, Curso e Carreira, Social, Influenciadores, Custo e Localização. A análise da relação entre os elementos de atração e a lealdade foi realizada por meio do teste de regressão linear múltipla.  Os resultados indicam que os elementos que mais atraem os estudantes para os cursos de pós-graduação na universidade pesquisada estão relacionados à intenção de seguir carreira acadêmica, à visibilidade da instituição na sociedade e à qualidade dos cursos.  Visibilidade da IES, coerência entre conteúdo do curso e necessidades do mercado, conteúdo do curso, custo de vida e oportunidade de salário melhor explicam 30,7% da variabilidade da lealdade.
AVALIAÇÃO DE DESEMPENHO DOS ESTILOS DE LIDERANÇA: ANÁLISE DA LITERATURA E AGENDA DE PESQUISA
Authors: Rengel Rodrigo , Ensslin Sandra Rolim
Published: April 2021

Esta pesquisa objetiva analisar e identificar lacunas de pesquisa do fragmento da literatura de Avaliação de Desempenho (AD) dos Estilos de Liderança (EL). Portanto, utilizou-se de uma abordagem qualitativa por meio do Knowledge Development Process-Constructivist (ProKnow-C), para seleção do fragmento da literatura, bem como a identificação, análise e reflexão das características estabelecidas. A AD propicia informações para amparar as atividades dos líderes, gerar melhorias contínuas para as organizações que estes comandam, bem como possibilita a mensuração do próprio desempenho destes. Salienta-se a importância de se analisar como a comunidade científica debate esse tema. Sendo assim, identificou-se nove elementos como oportunidades de pesquisas científicas, além de onze desafios profissionais para gestores com função de liderança. Com base no conhecimento proporcionado por esta pesquisa, estudos de AD dos EL representam uma área seminal para futuras pesquisas a serem exploradas.
An Item Response Theory Analysis of Algorithms and Programming Concepts in App Inventor Projects
Authors: Da Cruz Alves Nathalia , Von Wangenheim Christiane Gresse , Rossa Hauck Jean Carlo , Ferreti Borgatto Adriano
Published: April 2021

Computing education is often introduced in K-12 focusing on algorithms and programming concepts using block-based programming environments, such as App Inventor. Yet, learning programming is a complex process and novices struggle with several difficulties. Thus, to be effective, instructional units need to be designed regarding not only the content but also its sequencing taking into consideration difficulties related to the concepts and the idiosyncrasies of programming environments. Such systematic sequencing can be based on large-scale project analyses by regarding the volition, incentive, and opportunity of students to apply the relevant program constructs as latent psychometric constructs using Item Response Theory to obtain quantitative ?difficulty? estimates for each concept. Therefore, this article presents the results of a large-scale data-driven analysis of the demonstrated use in practice of algorithms and programming concepts in App Inventor. Based on a dataset of more than 88,000 App Inventor projects assessed automatically with the ANON rubric, we perform an analysis using Item Response Theory. The results demonstrate that the easiness of some concepts can be explained by their inherent characteristics, but also due to the characteristics of App Inventor as a programming environment. These results can help teachers, instructional and curriculum designers in the sequencing, scaffolding and assessment design of programming education in K-12.
Are we teaching UML according to what IT companies need? A survey on the São Carlos-SP region
Authors: Choma Neto João , Bento Luiz Henrique Ten Caten , OliveiraJr Edson , Souza Simone Do Rocio Senger
Published: April 2021

The Unified Modeling Language (UML) arisen intending to unify the many modeling languages and become the universal language for software modeling. Since its creation, more than 25 years have passed. With the growing success of agile methodologies for software development, supported by less modeling and documentation manifest, the use of UML-driven software processes has decreased, thus a specific subset of diagrams has been adopted, such as use case, class, and sequence. On the other hand, in academia, UML is still being taught in Computing courses, most of the time without knowing whether what is taught is what the industry needs for practical use. This paper presents an overview of the UML adoption in IT companies of the region. We analyzed quantitative and qualitative data to support academia at focusing on the most used UML diagrams by practitioners. We constructed a survey composed of 21 questions, distributed to 10 region companies, and we received 24 answers. The results of our study show high usage of UML, including companies adopting agile methods. Certain diagrams are more intensively used, for instance, use case diagrams. The results provide directions to improve UML teaching, focusing on diagrams that best adhere to the development processes employed, in particular, agile processes.
XP Enigma - Um Jogo Educacional Não Digital para Apoio ao Ensino de Métodos Ágeis: Uma análise temporal da motivação e aprendizagem
Authors: Schoeffel Pablo
Published: April 2021

Este artigo descreve um jogo educacional não digital, baseado em uma atividade de caça ao tesouro, para apoiar o ensino de metodologias ágeis, mais especificamente de práticas e valores do Extreme Programming (XP). O trabalho descreve o detalhamento do jogo, uma avaliação pós-teste realizada com 20 estudantes utilizando o modelo de avaliação para jogos educacionais MEEGA, assim como uma avaliação da percepção de 46 egressos sobre o jogo dois a quatro anos após a participação. Como resultados, identificou-se um alto índice de satisfação em termos de motivação e experiência do usuário, um aumento significativo de conhecimento em todos os conteúdos avaliados. Além disso, identificou-se a percepção positiva dos egressos quanto à motivação e aprendizagem propiciados pela atividade, mesmo alguns anos após a participação desses estudantes no jogo.
Introcomp: Reflexões de uma Década de Desafios e Conquistas no Ensino de Programação para a Rede Pública de Ensino
Authors: Oliari Marco Antônio Milaneze , Uliana José Jorge Moutinho , Silva Mirelly Micaella Da , Maia Beatriz Matias Santana , Paiva Thiago Tineli , Gomes Roberta Lima , Costa Patricia Dockhorn , Guimarães Rodrigo Laiola
Published: April 2021

Este artigo compartilha a trajetória do projeto de extensão universitária Introcomp ao longo dos seus quase 10 anos e apresenta a estratégia que passou a ser adotada na edição do ano de 2020, pela primeira vez, integralmente a distância. Nesse sentido, fazemos uma reflexão sobre a nossa experiência na aplicação de diferentes abordagens para facilitar a aprendizagem de programação para o nosso público-alvo no decorrer desses anos – passando da linguagem C para Python, de aulas tradicionais a aulas totalmente interativas. Com isso, mostramos como as lições aprendidas têm nos ajudado a repensar o uso de metodologias, tecnologias e plataformas digitais no ensino de programação para jovens do ensino médio em tempos de pandemia. A contribuição deste trabalho traz um avanço para o estado da arte e tem o potencial de ampliar o entendimento da comunidade sobre intervenções de educação em computação direcionadas principalmente ao público jovem.
A Experiência da Monitoria de Algoritmos e Programação em Cursos de Engenharia na Perspectiva dos Monitores
Authors: Figuerêdo José Solenir Lima , Machado Jussara Gomes , Lima Samuel Vitório , Cerqueira Cláudio Sérgio da Silva , Pereira Claudia Pinto
Published: April 2021

A monitoria é uma modalidade de ensino e aprendizagem que contribui para a formação integrada dos estudantes nas atividades de ensino, pesquisa e extensão. O exercício da monitoria é uma oportunidade para o estudante monitor desenvolver habilidades inerentes à docência, além de aprofundar conhecimentos na área específica. No entanto, apesar da motivação otimista na concepção da monitoria, a sua ação efetiva depende de muitos fatores, que vão desde o interesse particular dos estudantes monitorados até às atividades desenvolvidas pelo monitor. Neste sentido, refletir e compreender como os monitores enxergam a monitoria constitui-se uma atividade fundamental. Assim, este estudo relata a experiência vivenciada pelos estudantes monitores vinculados a um projeto de monitoria que auxilia disciplinas que trabalham com tópicos relacionados à lógica e ao raciocínio matemático, notadamente a programação de computadores. Junto à experiência vivenciada, são apontadas as principais dificuldades e possíveis intervenções. Os resultados revelam que Contribuir significativamente com o processo de aprendizagem de outros estudantes e o Interesse em ingressar na vida acadêmica/docente são os principais motivos que levam os estudantes a entrarem no projeto de monitoria. Também indicaram que a monitoria permitiu melhorar suas estratégias de ensino, o conhecimento sobre linguagens de programação e a oralidade. Além disso, os monitores apontaram que a monitoria consegue ajudar, efetivamente, os alunos em relação à linguagem de programação e ao raciocínio lógico. As principais lições aprendidas foram: o aprofundamento do conhecimento, o potencial da aprendizagem colaborativa e, finalmente, a dificuldade com conceitos abstratos de computação.
PS4W: Programa de Inclusão Jovem e Feminina na Área Tecnológica
Authors: Alexandrino Nádia L. A. , Silva Carlos A. , Targa Cristiane N. , Conrado Daniel B. F.
Published: April 2021

A presença feminina em cursos e atividades profissionais relacionadas às áreas de exatas e de tecnologia é notadamente reduzida. De modo irreflexivo, meninas são afastadas dessas áreas, sendo submetidas predominantemente a comentários e brincadeiras que projetam tarefas domésticas, ao invés de trabalharem o raciocínio lógico e o pensamento computacional. Considerando estes fatores, o projeto de extensão Programa Sabará for Women (PS4W), exerce a missão de disseminar e estimular o desenvolvimento do pensamento computacional de meninas das escolas públicas da cidade mineira de Sabará. Para isso, foram lecionados conteúdos sobre raciocínio lógico, robótica e programação de computadores, orientados por meninas e mulheres que atuam na equipe do projeto. O PS4W representou uma grande experiência tanto para as instrutoras quanto para as alunas, as quais relataram possuir um interesse maior nas áreas de tecnologia ao fim do curso. O projeto também foi pauta de uma série de reportagem premiada nacionalmente e participou da Olimpíada Brasileira de Robótica, conquistando medalhas de honra ao mérito. Além disso, promoveu a formatura de mais de 80 alunas da rede pública de ensino da cidade, integrando as principais representações educacionais do município e do estado. A partir desses resultados foi possível perceber que o projeto se revelou como uma ação inovadora e de grande impacto na cidade. Ademais, a partir do desenvolvimento do PS4W, notou-se a necessidade de implementação de novas estratégias de ensino de tecnologia no município, e, por consequência, foram criados novos desdobramentos do projeto original, Programa Sabará, que vem beneficiando outros jovens da cidade.
PC-Câmbio: Proposta de Atividade Lúdica e Desplugada Aplicando a Metodologia do Pensamento Computacional
Authors: Rosa Yuri , Reiser Renata , Oliveira Placida , Foss Luciana , Cavalheiro Simone André da Costa , Du Bois Andre , Piana Clause , Mazzini Ana Rita
Published: April 2021

A importância do pensamento computacional (PC) no desenvolvimento de competências consolida-se como um método sistematizado e eficaz, promovendo o desenvolvimento do raciocínio lógico formal, multidisciplinar, incremental e aplicável via atividades lúdicas, pelo uso de fundamentos da computação. Este trabalho apresenta o relato de experiência da atividade denominada Aprendizagem de Trocas e Câmbios via Pensamento Computacional (PCCâmbio). A proposta PC-Câmbio está estruturada em três tarefas a serem desenvolvidas de forma lúdica e desplugada, visando promover aprendizagem na educação básica através da metodologia do PC. Em seu desenvolvimento, focou-se no uso de ações de câmbio para explorar habilidades do PC como abstração e decomposição, relacionadas principalmente a ambas as estratégias de lidar com operadores aritméticos e algébricos envolvendo números e expressões numéricas, sendo estas associadas a algoritmos de reconhecimento de padrões. Sua aplicação ocorreu em turma de 26 alunos do 4o ano do ensino fundamental. E sua avaliação buscou quantificar ganhos/perdas, considerando duas abordagens: (i) avaliação baseada em testes aplicados após término de cada uma das três tarefas, incluindo as observações coletadas pelos agentes aplicadores; e (ii) a partir da discussão de resultados sobre pré e pós testes envolvendo conteúdos relevantes do currículo de escolas municipais do 4o ano do ensino fundamental. Neste contexto, a atividade PC-Câmbio contribui para qualificação da aprendizagem de alunos desde as séries iniciais frente às demandas de inovações tecnológicas, com suporte nos fundamentos da ciência da computação.
Desenvolvendo e descobrindo competências no currículo escolar por meio do Raciocínio Computacional
Authors: Matos Ecivaldo De Souza , Coutinho Claudia Borges , Santos Euma Silva , Dos Santos Juliana Maria Oliveira , Azevedo Leonardo Ribeiro de , Tavares Gracielle Oliveira , Zabot Diego
Published: April 2021

A escola enquanto espaço de desenvolvimento, produção e compartilhamento de conhecimentos tem procurado se posicionar perante a realidade e prover ações educacionais pertinentes às exigências de seus sistemas educacionais e sociais da contemporaneidade. Neste artigo relatamos a experiência vivenciada durante as atividades de intervenções realizadas em um curso de formação continuada de professores para apropriação didática do Raciocínio Computacional. Por meio de experimentações didáticas, foram discutidas questões conceituais relacionadas às habilidades do Raciocínio Computacional para o desenvolvimento de competências curriculares. As atividades foram semipresenciais, com uso de metodologias ativas e diferentes recursos midiáticos. Ao final do curso foram realizadas autoavaliações e produzido um documento compilado de todas as práticas desenvolvidas e experienciadas pelos professores participantes.
A Review Note on the Applications of Linear Operators in Hilbert Space
Authors: Mohan Karthic , Narayanamoorthy Jananeeswari
Published: April 2021

Hilbert Spaces are the closest generalization to infinite dimensional spaces of the Euclidean Spaces. We Consider Linear transformations defined in a normed space and we see that all of them are Continuous if the Space is finite Dimensional Hilbert Space Provide a user-friendly framework for the study of a wide range of subjects from Fourier Analysis to Quantum Mechanics. The adjoint of an Operator is defined and the basic properties of the adjoint operation are established. This allows the introduction of self Adjoint Operators are the subject of the section.
Organoids Models for the Study of Cell-Cell Interactions
Authors: Jimenez-Palomares Margarita , Cristobal Alba , Carmen Duran Ruiz Mª
Published: April 2021

Organoids have arisen as promising model systems in biomedical research and regenerative medicine due to their potential to reproduce the original tissue architecture and function. In the research field of cell–cell interactions, organoids mimic interactions taking place during organogenesis, including the processes that conduct to multi-lineage differentiation and morphogenetic processes, during immunology response and disease development and expansion. This chapter will address the basis of organoids origin, their importance on immune system cell–cell interactions and the benefits of using them in biomedicine, specifically their potential applications in regenerative medicine and personalized therapy. Organoids might represent a personalized tool for patients to receive earlier diagnoses, risk assessments, and more efficient treatments.
Antioxidant Activity of Areca Nut to Human Health: Effect on Oral Cancer Cell Lines and Immunomodulatory Activity
Authors: Meutia Sari Liza
Published: April 2021

Many herbs have been discovered to be potential sources of the antitumor and immunomodulatory drug. Areca nut (Areca catechu L.) has a high content of phenols and flavonoids and is highly related to antioxidant activity. Areca nut is a traditional herbal medicine that is popular around Indonesia, India, Thailand, and Taiwan. However, data on its effect on human health showed various results. This chapter’s aim to review the phytochemical and polyphenolic content, the molecular structure of bioactive compounds, the side effect of the crude extract, the role of catechin in cancer mechanism, the antioxidant activity, the cytotoxicity, and immunomodulatory activity of the areca nut. Areca nuts from Aceh province in Indonesia, contain flavonoids, phenolics, catechin, quercetin, and a small percentage of tannins which contribute to antioxidant activity. The areca nut has anticancer potential activity so it can be used in combination with chemotherapeutic agents to enhance the effect at lower doses and thus minimize chemotherapy-induced toxicity. Areca nuts also show immunomodulatory activity which can increase the body’s immune system.
Comparing Growth Rates Used in Discounted Cash Flow Valuations
Authors: Grabowski Roger J.
Published: April 2021

Estimating growth in net cash flows is one of the key components in applying the discounted cash flow (DCF) method in valuing any company, reporting unit, or other business unit. This paper explains the underlying assumptions of the DCF method and demonstrates how to compare the most commonly used basis for estimating net cash flows (sometimes referred to as free cash flows), expected organic growth, to historic estimates of growth of the subject company and estimates of earning growth commonly prepared by security analysts.
Recent Developments in Delaware Valuation Cases
Authors: Matthews Gilbert E.
Published: April 2021

This article discusses current developments in Delaware case law as they relate to valuation. It reviews all relevant Delaware Supreme Court decisions since 2017 and all relevant Court of Chancery decisions since 2019. We discuss the emphasis being placed by the Delaware courts on using discounted cash flow for valuations in related party transactions, as well as the substantial reliance on transaction price as the valuation measure in arm's-length transactions that have a satisfactory negotiation process. We conclude with a discussion of the impact of these and prior Delaware decisions on the valuation community and comments on the role of expert witnesses.
Pulmonary Embolism and Cardiac Tamponade in Critical Care Patients with COVID-19; Telemedicine’s Role in Developing Countries: Case Reports and Literature Review
Authors: Mohammed Sheata Islam , Smith Scott Richard , Kamel Heba , Varrassi Giustino , Imani Farnad , Dayani Abdolreza , Myrcik Dariusz , Urits Ivan , Viswanath Omar , Taha Sameh Salem
Published: April 2021

Introduction: In this study, two cases that demonstrate the importance of bedside echocardiography and hands-off telemedicine technology for diagnosis and intervention in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are discussed. Case Presentation: We report two cases of cardiac emergency associated with COVID-19. Case 1 is a 50-year-old female patient with chronic hypertension and chronic renal failure. Case 2 is a 64-year-old female with atrial fibrillation and recent stroke. Both were admitted to an isolation intensive care unit that was designated specifically to patients with COVID-19. Conclusions: During admission, both patients had sudden deterioration characterized by oxygen desaturation and hypotension necessitating inotropic support. As a result, for both patients, bedside echocardiography was performed by the attending intensivist. Echocardiographic findings showed cardiac tamponade and acute pulmonary embolism, respectively, which were confirmed by a cardiologist through telemedicine technology. Proper emergency management was initiated, and both patients recovered well. Limited bedside transthoracic echocardiography had a front-line impact on the treatment and outcome of the two patients with COVID-19. By implementing telemedicine technology, the lives of two patients were saved, demonstrating the significance of telemedicine in isolation intensive care units in the developing countries during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Paradoxical and Vulnerable Narcissisms
Authors: Dohmen Josh ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2021

In this essay, I argue that rather than rejecting narcissism, the most appropriate response to contemporary egoism and individualism is a revised understanding of narcissism, one that acknowledges the deeply social nature of our selves by seeking to understand the ways in which we exist as individuals through others. I will call this form of narcissism “vulnerable narcissism.” Once we recognize the extent to which we are, as individuals, constitutively social, narcissistic investments in oneself can be recognized as investments in particular social conditions that influence, sustain, or disadvantage us.
The Ethics of Organ Donation after Cardiac Death
Authors: Warnez Matthew T. ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: April 2021

Organ donations after cardiac death account for about 20 percent of all vital-organ transplantations in the United States. This article evaluates DCDs in light of the Catholic moral tradition. Certain premortem interventions commonly associated with DCDs (intended to protect target organs from asystolic deterioration) are morally impermissible even though the injuries they inflict on the patient are ostensibly inconsequential. More importantly, the criteria used for expeditiously assaying circulatory death—criteria which enhance the effectiveness of DCDs—do not always guarantee that the donor is actually deceased. Unless DCD protocols attend to these ethical problems, Catholic hospitals are obliged to abandon the practice.
The Mousterian loess sequence La Combette (France) and its chronological framework: A re-investigation
Authors: KREUTZER Sebastian , VALLADAS Hélène , TEXIER Pierre-Jean , MOINEAU Virginie , MOLOGNI Carlo , MERCIER Norbert
Published: April 2021

The La Combette rock-shelter, located in the Luberon mountains (Southern France), is an essential local archaeological discovery. The site comprises several Palaeolithic layers suggesting multiple phases of Mousterian occupation. The sediment sequence of c. 7 m thickness indicates rapid changes in the environmental conditions, which led to an abandonment of the site. While the first chronological studies were carried out in the late 1990s, in 2014, new sediment samples were taken for state-of-the-art luminescence-dating analyses using fine grain (4-11 µm) quartz and polymineral separates. Samples were taken from the loess-dominated upper archaeological levels A to D (upper main unit) as well as from the anthropogenic layer E, embedded in a fluvial context, and from the bottom deposits of the layer F/G. Here we present the obtained chronological dataset in conjunction with 24 so far unpublished thermoluminescence dating results from burnt flint artefacts from layers E and F/G. We combine and discuss our results against previous chronological datasets, which seem to be broadly confirmed by our new findings framing the sedimentation history of La Combette at 78.3 ka to 39.4 ka. In summary, it appears that the local environmental conditions were deeply impacted by the climatic changes during MIS 4/3. This caused rapid sediment influx that finally rendered the rock shelter uninhabitable as a potential refuge, until its re-discovery in the second half of the 20th century.
Is Native Crayfish Conservation a Priority for United States and Canadian Fish and Wildlife Agencies?
Authors: Stratton Cheyenne E. , DiStefano Robert J.
Published: April 2021

Crayfish are key organisms in freshwater ecosystems across the United States (USA) and Canada, yet are among their most highly imperiled taxonomic groups. In 1996, a committee of prominent USA crayfish biologists warned of a crayfish imperilment plight and neglect of the fauna by natural resources agencies. It is unclear whether crayfish conservation has been prioritized by those agencies in the intervening decades. Our objective was to evaluate the status of crayfish conservation and management in 50 USA and 13 Canadian fish and wildlife agencies through a telephone survey. Fifty-one percent of agencies employed biologists to conduct crayfish work, mostly in the southern USA, and focused on threats (e.g., invasive species) or species’ distributions and conservation status. Of the 32 agencies working on crayfish, 59% considered them a priority, but 53% acknowledged insufficient funding. The most commonly cited information needs were threats, species compositions (native and introduced), distributions, conservation status assessments, and ecology. We report an encouraging but limited increase in agencies working on crayfish over the past two decades.
Morphology and Weight-length Relationships for the First Six Instars of Cherax quadricarinatus (von Martens, 1868)
Authors: Rigg Damian P. , Courtney Robert L. , Jones Clive M. , Seymour Jamie E,
Published: April 2021

Cherax quadricarinatus (redclaw) aquaculture has not achieved the industry growth that had been predicted in the early days of development. Provision of quality juvenile crayfish seed stock has been identified as a critical factor in overcoming industry development inertia. Hatchery technology has been developed to produce independent craylings and a nursery phase is now being developed to nurture the delicate craylings to a more advanced and robust juvenile stage, suitable for pond stocking. As part of the nursery development, clear definitions of the successive stages from egg through the first several instars, are required. Although some morphological descriptions of the early stages of redclaw have been made, the characteristics and nomenclature for stages from egg through to an advanced juvenile need clarification. A naming system is proposed (Egg, L1, L2, J1, J2 and J3) for the first six instars from egg, based on gross morphology and allometric relationships. Egg volume, wet weight and ocular carapace length (OCL) were analysed through linear regression. Based on these variables, the size of each instar is defined. Descriptions and photographs of the six instars provide a visual reference for identification. Five of the six instars had a significant relationship between wet weight and OCL. Both significantly increased for each successive instar. Lyophilized (dry) weight was not significantly different between stages until after instar J1, where endogenous feeding begins. The growth of the first four instars, in terms of wet weight and OCL but not dry weight, suggests an extra endogenous source of nutrition in addition to the yolk supply. Branchial water uptake during ecdysis has been proposed as a route for dissolved organic matter or small particulate matter to be acquired by the crayfish during the lecithotrophic, nonexogenous feeding stages, as an additional food source that might further enhance growth and survival.
Promoting Discourse: Fractions on Number Lines
Authors: Ahrendt Susan , Monson Debra , Cramer Kathleen
Published: April 2021

Examine fourth graders’ thinking about the unit, partitioning, order, and equivalence on the number line and consider ways to orchestrate mathematical discussions through the Five Practices.
Integrating Machine Learning in Secondary Geometry
Authors: Jones Joshua
Published: April 2021

Despite the importance of artificial intelligence in our daily lives, it has yet to be integratedinto K–12 classrooms in a meaningful way. Explore a lesson in which geometry students useEuclidean distance to implement a functional machine learning algorithm in Google Sheets™.
Reduced abstractness in Spanish-English translation: the case of property-denoting nouns
Authors: Espunya Anna
Published: April 2021

This study proposes an empirical methodology to test the hypothesis that translation from Spanish into English results in reduced abstractness. The semantic area focused upon is the attribution of properties to specific entities by means of abstract nouns. Two levels of abstractness, conceptual and grammatical, are considered. Conceptual abstractness is linked to the referential content of the nouns, while grammatical abstractness involves the reified expression of properties as nouns, as opposed to other word classes. The study classifies the translation correspondences for nouns ending in the suffix -idad in the Spanish novels by Manuel Vázquez Montalbán (1939-2003) Los mares del Sur and Tatuaje. Such property-denoting nouns contribute to the construal of point of view. The methodology combines a quantitative approach with a qualitative, text-analytic selection of relevant items. Results indicate that abstractness is mainly reduced on the grammatical level although instances of diminished conceptual abstractness can also be observed. Compliance with language preferences may be aligning with readability norms affecting the target product, crime fiction, to undo reification of properties (namely explicitation and simplification). The results underscore the need to include semantic parameters in studies of translation tendencies.