bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Primary cilia are critical for tracheoesophageal septation
Authors: Fitzsimons Lindsey Avery , Tasouri Evangelia , Willaredt Marc August , Stetson Daniel , Gojak Christian , Kirsch Joachim , Gardner Humphrey A. R. , Gorgas Karin , Tucker Kerry L.
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Primary cilia play pivotal roles in the patterning and morphogenesis of a wide variety of organs during mammalian development. Here we examined murine foregut septation in the cobblestone mutant, a hypomorphic allele of the gene encoding the intraflagellar transport protein IFT88, a protein essential for normal cilia function.

Results

We reveal a crucial role for primary cilia in foregut division, since their dramatic decrease in cilia in both the foregut endoderm and mesenchyme of mutant embryos resulted in a proximal tracheoesophageal septation defects and in the formation of distal tracheo(broncho)esophageal fistulae similar to the most common congenital tracheoesophageal malformations in humans. Interestingly, the dorsoventral patterning determining the dorsal digestive and the ventral respiratory endoderm remained intact, whereas Hedgehog signaling was aberrantly activated.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate the cobblestone mutant to represent one of the very few mouse models that display both correct endodermal dorsoventral specification but defective compartmentalization of the proximal foregut. It stands exemplary for a tracheoesophageal ciliopathy, offering the possibility to elucidate the molecular mechanisms how primary cilia orchestrate the septation process. The plethora of malformations observed in the cobblestone embryo allow for a deeper insight into a putative link between primary cilia and human VATER/VACTERL syndromes.
Optimization of train timetables and placement of charging facilities for battery‐powered LRT
Authors: Horiuchi Kosuke , Miyatake Masafumi
Published: October 2023

The energy consumption of a battery‐powered train in an interstation depends on the running time and state of energy (SOE) at departure. In this paper, we develop an optimization method of train timetables to minimize energy consumption in line with several stations. The variables in this proposed optimization model are running, dwell, and charging times as real numbers and places of charging facilities as binaries. Additionally, we conducted a case study using the real‐world light rail transit (LRT) route, vehicle, and onboard battery model to confirm the effectiveness. In the case study, the proposed method can optimize the timetable and placement of charging facilities by considering the track gradient and battery SOE.
Nail‐clipping reflex seizures
Authors: Salmon Laure , Li Jimmy , Nguyen Nicolas , Nguyen Dang Khoa
Published: September 2023

Content available: Video
A novel sensitive DDoS attacks against statistical test in network traffic fusion
Authors: Kulandaivel Madhumitha , Kumar Ganesh , Sathiyamoorthi Velayutham , Gupta Sachin Kumar
Published: September 2023

Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks are common attacks that limit casual users from cracking critical network resources. A method to find the DDoS attack comes to light as an essential and hot research issue. Therefore, the increment in network usage scale demands more challenges to see the DDoS attack. Non‐real‐time collection of network traffic will make sincere complications inaccuracy; DDoS attack detection, and efficiency. Lately, sketch data structures play an excellent role in high‐speed networks to suppress and combine network traffic issues. However, the sketch data structure has issues rebuilding the reverse keys that behave abnormally due to the reversible hash function. To rectify the above difficulties, we include the Chinese Remainder Theorem‐based Reverse Sketching (CRTRS). However, Reverse Sketching is not good at suppressing and combining heavy network traffic, but it can easily detect abnormal keys. According to the network traffic records setup by CRTRS, we add the Modified Cumulative Sum Quality Control Scheme (MCSQCS) that encourages DDoS attack detection. The enforcement of the proposed work with DDoS attack detection has two kind of different data sets. The result of the experiments shows that it gives more accuracy and efficiency in detecting DDoS attacks. Therefore, comparing other DDoS detecting methods with the sketch data structure has fewer computational complications. Improving the anomalous keys is the most critical challenge in this proposed work. To illustrate the accuracy rate, we experiment with a new technique called CIC‐Friday Heavy network traffic fragment. We also explain the experimental results of the MAWI heavy network fragment with the various parameter setups. To compare our proposed method with other similar existing methods, we use a sketch data structure to manage the network traffic data. It also uses the MSPCA method to detect the DDoS attack. The information‐based analysis helps to see the DDoS attack. The result analysis of True Positive Value (TPV) and False Positive Value (FPV) with MSPCA techniques has 79% and .1% accuracy. Similarly, information‐based detection has an accuracy of about 90% and 5%. Hence, the proposed method gives more accuracy for the detection of DDoS attacks.
Device and circuit level performance assessments of gate engineered Ge/GaAs heterojunction doping less TFET
Authors: Som Arnab , Jana Sanjay Kumar
Published: September 2023

Recently, the doping‐less tunnel FET has gained popularity due to its lower process complexity than conventional TFETs with heavily doped source and drain regions. In this literature, we have introduced a symmetric gate Ge/GaAs heterojunction doping‐less TFET(SG HJ DL TFET) using 4.6 eV work function for both the top gate and bottom gate and an asymmetric gate Ge/GaAs heterojunction doping‐less TFET (AG HJ DL TFET) using 3.9 eV work function as top gate and 4.6 eV work function as a bottom gate. A comparative study has been performed between these two devices. The back gate misalignment engineering in the AG HJ DL TFET induces higher charge plasma near the source‐channel junction which will enhance the drain current. Due to a larger drain current, an improved ratio (11.8 times), and steeper SS (37%) are achieved in optimized AG HJ DL TFET than SG HJ DL TFET. Furthermore, the Analog/Radio Frequency and linearity performance parameters have been examined, and a significant improvement is noticed in the optimized AG HJ DL TFET. The impact of different interface trap charges (ITCs) on device performances is also investigated and it is found that AG HJ DL TFET shows more immunity to ITCs than SG HJ DL TFET. Finally, the Verilog‐A‐based model has been developed for the AG HJ DL TFET to utilize its circuit‐level behavior. The optimized device‐based Common Source amplifier (CS amplifier) has been simulated in the Cadence Virtuoso tool. The AG HJ DL TFET‐based CS amplifier offers a 6.83% improvement in voltage gain over the other reported work.
Manganese sulfate application promotes berry flavonoid accumulation in Vitis vinifera cv. ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ by regulating flavonoid metabolome and transcriptome profiles
Authors: Ren Ruihua , Chen Huangzhao , Xie Rui , Yuan Haohao , Xie Sha , Zhang Zhenwen
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

Flavonoids are vital for the development of high‐quality grapes and wine, and manganese deficiency decreases grape berry coloration. However, the effects and underlying mechanisms of action of manganese sulfate on grape metabolic profiles have not been adequately researched. In this study, three concentrations of manganese sulfate solutions, 0.5 μmol·L−1 (low, L), 5 μmol·L−1 (middle, M – the standard manganese concentration of Hoagland nutrient solution, control), and 1000 μmol·L−1 (high, H), were applied to the ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) to explore the effect on berry composition.

RESULTS

Manganese application improved manganese concentration effectively in grape organs. Furthermore, the concentrations of malvidin 3‐O‐(6‐O‐acetyl)‐glucoside, malvidin 3‐O‐glucoside, malvidin‐trans‐3‐O‐(6‐O‐p‐coumaryl)‐glucoside, and peonidin 3‐O‐(6‐O‐acetyl)‐glucoside increased significantly under H treatment. Weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed that the structural genes (VvDFR, VvUFGT, and VvOMT) of flavonoid biosynthesis were upregulated under H treatment, and their transcription levels correlated positively with malvidin‐ and peonidin‐derived anthocyanin concentrations.

CONCLUSIONS

This study suggested that manganese application regulates berry transcriptional and flavonoid metabolic profiles, providing a theoretical basis for improving the color of red grapes and wines. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Integrating new variables into a framework to support cacao denomination of origin: a case study in Southwest Colombia
Authors: González‐Orozco Carlos E , Porcel Mario , Yockteng Roxana , Caro‐Quintero Alejandro , Rodriguez‐Medina Caren , Santander Margareth , Zuluaga Martha , Soto Mauricio , Rodriguez Cortina Jader , Vaillant Fabrice Eric , Escobar Parra Sebastian
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

Cocoa quality plays a pivotal role in establishing denominations of origin, with genotypes, geography, climate and soil conditions being key variables. However, these factors have not been comprehensively explored in defining cacao denominations of origin. The present study addresses this gap by laying the foundation for cacao denomination of origin, focusing on the Buenaventura region on Colombia's Pacific coast. Our goal is to provide a holistic understanding of the elements underpinning cacao denomination of origin, emphasizing Buenaventura's unique cocoa quality and geographical significance.

RESULTS

Through the Buenaventura case, we propose a robust framework applicable to other cacao‐producing regions, elevating the recognition and value of cacao denomination of origin. Our framework encompasses geography, agronomy, genetics, microbial diversity, pests and diseases and cocoa quality. In a pioneering move, we propose a cacao denomination of origin in Colombia, specifically examining Bajo Calima, Sabaletas and Cisneros within Buenaventura region. Buenaventura stands out for its cocoa quality, characterized by fruity flavors attributed to the rich biodiversity of the lowland rainforest.

CONCLUSION

Our analysis indicates specific geographical indicators for each of the study zones, with Buenaventura identified as a region with natural characteristics to produce fine flavour cocoa products. Each zone exhibited a high differentiation and diversity of cacao cultivars. Buenaventura has the potential to be designated as a future denomination of origin for cacao from the Pacific region of Colombia, characterized by its unique fruity‐aroma chocolates. Our framework is adaptable to other cacao‐producing regions, facilitating the establishment of denominations of origin within the cocoa industry and agriculture. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Phytochemical analysis and biological evaluation ofFerulago setifoliaK. Koch
Authors: Gözcü Sefa , Akşit Zeynep , Şimşek Samed , Kandemir Ali , Aydın Ali , Yılmaz Mustafa Abdullah , Akşit Hüseyin
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

Ferulago setifoliaK. Koch (Apiaceae) has been the subject of this study, aiming to comprehensively determine its phenolic fingerprint and evaluate its various biological activities. The liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis of the 70% methanol extract ofF. setifolia(FS) revealed the presence of 23 phytochemicals, among which chlorogenic acid, quinic acid, kaempferol‐3‐O‐glucoside, and quercetin‐3‐O‐glucoside were identified as the major phenolics in the extract.

RESULTS

The biological screening included examinations of antioxidant, antibacterial, antiproliferative, and cytotoxic activities. The FS extract displayed moderate 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging and ferric‐reducing capacity, indicating moderate antioxidant activity. Furthermore, FS exhibited significant antiproliferative effects on cancer cells while showing low cytotoxicity on normal cells. The antibacterial activity findings revealed that FS demonstrated potent activity againstPseudomonas aeruginosa,Bacillus cereus,Staphylococcus aureus, andEscherichia coli.

CONCLUSION

The findings of this study suggest that the methanolic extract of FS holds promise as a potential source of biologically active compounds. It can be utilized for the development of pharmaceutical formulations, thanks to its significant antiproliferative and antibacterial activities. Additionally, FS can serve as a valuable source of chlorogenic acid for industrial applications. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Penile Elastography Versus Penile Duplex Ultrasonography in Diagnosing Non‐Responders to Intracavernosal Injection
Authors: Hassanin Ahmed Mohamed , Elnabarawy Ramzy , El‐Azizi Hatem , GamalEl Din Sameh Fayek , Ghaly Mahmoud Fawzy
Published: October 2023

Objectives

The current study aims to investigate the value of penile elastography in assessing the fibrotic changes in the corpora cavernosa.

Patients and Methods

Eighty participants were included in the study. These were divided into two equal groups: a study group (group 1) included patients with ED who did not respond to intracavernosal injection (ICI), and an age‐matched control group (group 2) included age‐matched subjects with normal erection. All subjects answered an International Index of Erectile Function‐5 (IIEF‐5) questionnaire. The first group was evaluated by two ICI trials of 1 mL Quadmix, each took place 1 week apart, followed by a color duplex/Doppler ultrasonography (CDDU) scan using also a 1 mL Quadmix. All the above was done a week before the penile shear wave elastography (SWE) scan. It comprised a 12‐section scan of both corpora cavernosa. Each corpus was scanned in three different segments (proximal, mid‐shaft, and distal), and in both longitudinal and transverse axes.

Results

Comparisons of the laboratory data were non‐significant, apart from the glycosylated hemoglobin which proved significant (P value <.001) in both groups. Also, the IIEF‐5 scores were significantly lower in the study group (P value <.001). Significantly higher SWE readings (indicating higher fibrotic) were found in the study group compared with the control group in almost all of the scanned segments and their combinations (P value <.05).

Conclusion

SWE can effectively assess the fibrotic changes occurring in the corpora cavernosa. Hence, SWE could be utilized as a modality that helps diagnose patients with ED.
Mechanical and Thermal Properties of 3D‐Printed Biocomposites of Polylactic Acid and Thermally Modified Wood Flour with Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Yurttas Elif , Ayrilmis Nadir
Published: September 2023

This study investigates the effects of thermal treatment and silver nanoparticles on the mechanical and thermal properties of additively manufactured wood/polylactic acid (PLA) specimens. The 5 and 10 wt% additions of the wood flour into the PLA matrix are done in the twin screw extruder. The test specimens are produced from the filaments with a diameter of 1.75 mm using 3D printer. The mechanical properties of the 3D‐printed wood/PLA specimens are affected by the wood flour content, thermal treatment of wood, and silver nanoparticles. The 3D‐printed neat PLA specimens have better mechanical properties than the wood flour‐filled PLA specimens. The bending strength of the specimens enhances with increasing wood flour content while the tensile strength decreases. The increases in the mechanical properties reveal that the thermal treatment of the wood improves the compatibility between wood and PLA matrix, which hereby improves the interfacial adhesion. The addition of the silver nanoparticles positively affects the mechanical properties and it is more compatible with thermally modified wood particles as compared to the untreated wood particles.
Me and my AI: Exploring the effects of consumer self‐construal and AI‐based experience on avoiding similarity and willingness to pay
Authors: Loureiro Sandra Maria Correia , Jiménez‐Barreto Jano , Bilro Ricardo Godinho , Romero Jaime
Published: September 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping consumer interaction with brands, but little is known about how brands can implement AI tools effectively. Drawing on consumer uniqueness and self‐construal theories, the authors examine the implementation of branded AI tools and their influence on consumers' experience, sense of uniqueness, and spending behavior. Across five studies, this research examines consumers' narratives about interacting with a branded AI tool (Study 1); tests the relationships between self‐construal, AI‐enabled consumer experiences, and avoidance of similarity (Studies 2A and 2B); evaluates in situ experience with a branded AI tool and its implications for spending behavior (Study 3); and delineates consumer preferences about the attributes of branded AI tools (Study 4). The findings reveal that individuals characterized by independent self‐construal are prone toward perceiving higher recognition and hedonic values during their experience with branded AI tools, partially enhancing consumer avoidance of similarity and influencing their willingness to pay for products that the AI tool recommends. For practitioners, the findings suggest developing a two‐fold value proposition strategy for consumers by generating personal and psychological value together with product and service recommendations.
Tax incentive and corporate hiring decisions: Evidence from China's VAT credit refund policy
Authors: Li Jiaxuan , Ge Liming , Zeng Lin
Published: October 2023

Human capital acts as an increasingly crucial factor for firms to sustain stable performance and maintain competitiveness. However, we know little about how tax incentive affects corporate hiring decision concerning highly skilled employees. Using the policy of value‐added tax (VAT) credit refund in China as a quasi‐natural experiment, we explore whether and how VAT credit refund affects firms' hiring decisions on highly skilled employees. The Difference‐in‐Differences (DiD) estimate reveals that the VAT credit refund policy significantly increases the proportion of highly skilled employees. Further, the policy effect becomes more prominent in firms with heavier tax burdens, lower capital intensity, and higher financial constraints. Our mechanism tests reveal that credit refund alleviates liquidity constraints and improves capital‐skill complementarity, thus exerting a positive effect on corporate human capital upgrading. In addition, we find that the VAT credit refund policy improves earnings‐per‐worker and labor productivity but plays an insignificant role in labor income share. Our findings support the proposition that VAT credit refund leads to a positive effect on corporate human capital upgrading, offering new insights for policymakers to improve corporate employment skill structure and support the implementation of tax incentives to upgrade the labor force.
Puerarin Alleviates Oxidized Oil‐Induced Oxidative Injury and Inflammation via Inhibition of the Nrf2/Keap1 and HMGB1/TLR4/MAPK Signaling Pathways: An Investigation in a Chicken Model
Authors: Zhou Hua , Shi Xuan , Yu Yingmei , Yang Lei , OuYang Jingxin , Bian Yinhao , Liu Yichun , Li Guanhong
Published: September 2023

Scope

Puerarin has possessed a wide range of pharmacological activities. However, little is known about the protective effects of puerarin on the oxidized oil‐induced injury. Here, the antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects of puerarin are described using a chicken model.

Methods and results

A total of 360 broilers are arranged in four treatments. Diets include two types of soybean oil (fresh or oxidized) and two levels of puerarin (0 or 750 mg kg−1). Results show that puerarin alleviates oxidized soybean oil‐induced hepatic and thymic oxidative injury. This effect is observed by increasing the SOD activity and the expressions of Nrf2 signaling pathway‐related genes and reducing the MDA content in the liver and thymus. Moreover, puerarin supplementation decreases the concentrations and mRNA levels of pro‐inflammatory factors in the liver and thymus. The potential mechanism responsible for this is the decrease in the mRNA or protein levels of HMGB1, TLR4, MyD88, and p65 in the liver or thymus. Western blotting results indicate that puerarin also decreases the phosphorylation of JNK1/2, ERK1/2, and p38 in the liver and thymus.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates puerarin may be a potential nutrient supplement in the treatment of oxidized oil‐induced damage, and the Nrf2/Keap1 and HMGB1/TLR4/MAPK signaling pathways might be its important target.
A controlled experimental assessment of intraperitoneal PIT tag injection on survival of Blueback Herring
Authors: Hill C. Ryan , Culberson Abigale , O'Sullivan Antóin M. , Adesola Joke , Curry R. Allen , Linnansaari Tommi , Harrison Philip M.
Published: September 2023

Objective

Passive integrated transponder (PIT) telemetry is commonly used to monitor fish movements and behavior. To reduce inferential bias in PIT telemetry studies, it is important to quantify the effects of tagging procedures on fish survival. To this end, we conducted a controlled experiment to test the hypothesis that intraperitoneal injection of 23-mm PIT tags would have no effect on the survival of adult Blueback Herring Alosa aestivalis.

Methods

We compared mortality rates of tagged and untagged Blueback Herring (n = 174; size range 202–277 cm) that were retained in experimental tanks for 14 days.

Result

We observed no difference in the probability of survival between tagged (50% survival) and untagged (42%) groups.

Conclusion

These results suggest that intraperitoneal tag injection is a safe and effective method of PIT tagging adult Blueback Herring and supports the use of this technique in field telemetry studies.
Validation of publication pressure questionnaire‐revised into Chinese nurses from a university hospital
Authors: Xi Xinxue , Mao Jing , Zeng Tieying , Ju Dandan
Published: September 2023

Aims

To translate and validate the Publication Pressure Questionnaire‐revised (PPQ‐r) among the Chinese nurses.

Design

A cross‐sectional descriptive study.

Methods

The classical forward/backward translation of the PPQ‐r was conducted first, and then the psychometric values were tested using the data collected in September, 2021 among 924 Chinese nurses from a university hospital in China by calculating its content validity index, construct validity, both convergent and discriminant validity, and internal consistency reliability following the COSMIN guidelines.

Results

The proposed three‐factor structure of original PPQ‐r cannot be confirmed in present study. With exploratory factor analysis, a new two‐factor structure with 9 items was extracted, accounting for 62.718% of the variance. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated satisfactory goodness of all fit index values: χ2 = 75.53; df = 23; χ2/df = 3.28; CFI = 0.973; TLI = 0.958; RMSEA = 0.07 and SRMR = 0.047. Both sub‐scales yielded good internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha being 0.845 and 0.876, respectively. The Chinese version of PPQ‐r could be accepted as a reliable and valid tool to measure the Chinese nurses' publication pressure.

Patient or Public Contribution

Participation of nurses in this study was limited to the data provided through participant survey.
Interpreting the chemical changes and therapeutic effect of Coptidis Rhizoma against ulcerative colitis before and after processing based on mathematical statistics and network pharmacology
Authors: Li Chunxia , Huo Dongna , Liu Xiuxue , Yang Hongxia , Pang Yuqing , Tang Qian , Xing Hong , Shi Yumeng , Chen Xiaopeng
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Coptidis Rhizoma (CR) is one of the most frequently used herbs to treat ulcerative colitis (UC) and is often processed before usage. However, the composition changes and therapeutic effects of CR before and after processing in the treatment of UC are still unclear.

Objective

The purpose of the study is to explore the chemical components and therapeutic effects of crude and processed CR.

Material and methods

CR was processed according to the 2020 version of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) and multivariate statistical analysis were used to screen the different compounds before and after processing. The network pharmacological prediction was carried out. The mechanism and therapeutic effects between crude and processed CR were verified by using dextran sulphate sodium‐induced UC mice assay.

Results

Ten compounds distinguish crude and processed CR based on multivariate statistical analysis. Network pharmacology predicts that the 10 compounds mainly play a role through TNF‐α and IL‐6 targets and PI3K/Akt and HIF‐1 signalling pathways, and these results are verified by molecular biology experiments. For IL‐6, IL‐10 and TNF‐α inflammatory factors, CR is not effective, while CR stir‐fried with Evodiae Fructus (CRFE) and ginger juice (CRGJ) are. For PI3K/p‐Akt, Cleaved caspase3, NF‐ κBp65 and HIF‐1α signalling pathways, CR has therapeutic effects, while CRFE and CRGJ are significant.

Conclusion

Overall, CRFE and CRGJ show better effects in treating UC. The chemical changes of processing and the efficacy of processed CR are correlated, which provides a scientific basis for the clinical use of crude and processed CR.
Metabolite profiling and antioxidant capacity of natural Ophiocordyceps gracilis and its cultures using LC‐MS/MS‐based metabolomics: Comparison with Ophiocordyceps sinensis
Authors: Wang Yue , Tong Lingling , Yang Linhui , Ren Bo , Guo Dongsheng
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Ophiocordyceps gracilis is an entomopathogenic fungus and a precious traditional Chinese medicine with similar medicinal properties to Ophiocordyceps sinensis. However, information on the metabolite profiles of natural O. gracilis and its cultures is lacking, which limits their utilization.

Objective

The metabolic variations and antioxidant activities of O. gracilis cultures and natural O. gracilis were analyzed to evaluate the nutritional and medicinal value of O. gracilis and its cultures.

Method

The metabolite profiles of O. gracilis cultures (fruiting bodies and aerial mycelia), natural O. gracilis, and natural O. sinensis were compared by LC‐MS/MS coupled with multivariate data analysis. Furthermore, their antioxidant activities were evaluated based on their DPPH•, ABTS•+, and •OH scavenging abilities.

Results

A total of 612 metabolites were identified, and the metabolic compositions of the four Cordyceps samples were similar, with differences observed in the levels of some metabolites. There were 126 differential metabolites between natural O. gracilis and natural O. sinensis, among which fatty acids, carbohydrates, and secondary metabolites are predominant in natural O. gracilis. Furthermore, 116 differential metabolites between O. gracilis cultures and natural Cordyceps were identified, with generally higher levels in O. gracilis cultures than in natural Cordyceps. O. gracilis cultivated fruiting bodies exhibited the strongest antioxidant capacity among Cordyceps samples. Additionally, 46 primary and 24 secondary differential metabolites contribute to antioxidant activities.

Conclusion

This study provides a reference for the application of natural O. gracilis and its cultures in functional food and medicine from the perspective of metabolites and antioxidant capacity.
A novel method of fabricating multi‐material acetabular liner using fused filament fabrication
Authors: Sofia J. , Ethiraj N. , Nikolova M. P.
Published: September 2023

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) involves the replacement of damaged or worn‐out hip components with artificial implants. Frequently revision surgeries were performed due to the failure of the implant. The liners are the ones that are replaced in the majority of the revision surgeries. Researchers are constantly finding different materials to overcome the difficulties being faced. The acetabular liners are fabricated by compression molding and milling using single materials such as Polyethylene, Polyether–ether–ketone (PEEK), and recently Ultra‐High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE), and so forth. Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) being biocompatible and cheaper than UHMWPE is employed in the research. The biodegradable nature of PLA is countered by introducing a nonbiodegradable yet biocompatible High Impact Polystyrene (HIPS). This research attempts to propose and fabricate a novel design of the liner with PLA sandwiched between HIPS by fused filament fabrication, the widely used additive manufacturing technique. The dimensional accuracy and surface roughness of the liners are measured and compared with single‐material liners. The multi‐material liner demonstrated superior dimensional accuracy compared to PLA liner and also exhibiting a smoother surface finish. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis is conducted to determine the capability of printing and also the scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images are used for supporting the results.

Highlights

Novel design of Acetabular Liner.

Use of additive manufacturing for fabrication of implant parts.

More than one material used to reap benefits from the two materials used.

Measurement of dimensional accuracy, surface roughness of multi‐material liner.

Comparison of single and multi‐material liner.
Optical modeling and characterization of bifacial SiNx/AlOx dielectric layers for surface passivation and antireflection in PERC
Authors: Tahir Sofia , Saeed Rabia , Ashfaq Arslan , Ali Adnan , Mehmood Khalid , Almousa Nouf , Shokralla Elsammani Ali , Macadangdang Romulo R. , Soeriyadi Anastasia H. , Bonilla Ruy Sebastian
Published: October 2023

In this research, we analyzed the impact that the optical characteristics of dielectric surface passivation and antireflection coating schemes have on the performance of passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC) silicon solar cells. We employed wafer ray tracer (WRT) and automate for simulation of heterostructure (AFORS‐HET) simulations, as well as experimental characterization of fabricated thin film coatings. We investigated three distinct front surface morphologies: planar surface, upright pyramids, and inverted pyramids. Using WRT, we calculated the photogeneration current densities (JG) for PERC devices with three schemes: (i) SiNx/AlOx as antireflection coating and passivation stacks on both the front and rear sides, (ii) SiNx antireflection coating on the front side and AlOx passivation layer on the rear side, and (iii) SiNx/AlOx as antireflection coating and passivation stacks on the front side with an AlOx passivation layer on the rear side. Following simulation with optimal JG, two schemes are experimentally evaluated: PECVD SiNx (70 nm) and atomic layer deposition (ALD) AlOx (15 and 25 nm). We confirmed the growth effects and optical properties using X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, effective lifetime, and refractive index measurements. The most favorable electrical properties were obtained with SiNx (70 nm, front) and AlOx (25 nm, front and rear), where the AlOx can be deposited via ALD bifacially on a single step, minimizing processing while maintaining passivation performance. Finally, we used AFORS‐HET to simulate the maximum performance of PERC bearing such films. The results showed a Voc = 0.688 V, Jsc = 41.42 mA/cm2, FF = 84%, and packing conversion efficiency (PCE) = 24.12% as the optimal solar cell performance values.
Foreign‐educated academics: Assessing teaching quality and exploring teaching‐related challenges
Authors: Ahmad Aziz , Abid Nisar , Azeem Asmaa , Sikandar Fatima , Bashir Rukhsana , Aslam Sarfraz
Published: September 2023

Returned academics who have doctoral education abroad, a fast‐growing group in developing countries, are seen favorably in producing quality academic outcomes. However, academic performance and barriers are also important to learning mobility benefits and ensuring optimal outcomes motivated by the absence of research in the native context. The explanatory sequential embedded mixed‐methods study aimed to evaluate the teaching quality of returned doctorates compared with their local compatriots and explore teaching‐related challenges at public sector universities in Punjab, Pakistan. A multilevel sequential mixed‐methods sampling design was used to select 814 students and six academics from the six universities (three top and three medium‐ranked higher education institution) of central Punjab. The researchers developed two research instruments: (a) Student Evaluation of Teaching Quality Scale (SETQS) and (b) Semi‐Structured Interviews Protocol for Returnees (SSIP‐R). The psychometric properties of quantitative measure (SETQS) were ensured through factor analysis, while an expert panel review validated the qualitative measure (SSIP‐R). Inferential statistics were applied to quantitative data, while a thematic analysis technique was applied to qualitative data to find complementarity among results. The findings revealed that returnees and non‐returnees were similar in a few teaching aspects. However, returnees performed relatively better in interpersonal behavior, subject mastery, instruction, and learning resources. Teaching performance differed slightly by discipline and largely by university ranking. Further, returnees' capacity to perform was impacted by various academic challenges. Explored challenges and relevant solutions correspond to Bronfenbrenner system theory's microsystem, exosystem, and macrosystem levels. Higher education authorities and universities need to address academic challenges. In turn, this may lead to smooth, professional reintegration of the returnees into the local system, leading to enhanced teaching performance.
Optimal cold storage protocol for Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), a biological control agent for coleopteran pests in stored products
Authors: Yang Jia‐Peng , Zhang Yue , Yu Fang , Yang Hong , Liu Tong‐Xian , Zhang Xiao‐Min , Hu Da‐Ming , Wang Yan , Dai Ren‐Huai
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) is a solitary ectoparasitoid with wide‐ranging potential applications as a natural biological control agent against various coleopterous pests in food warehouses. Implementing an effective cold storage program is crucial for extending the shelf life of biological control agents and ensuring their stable and abundant supply. Herein, we attempted to determine the optimal cold storage conditions for Anisopteromalus calandrae by investigating the effect of cold storage at three different temperatures (7, 13, and 19 °C) for 7, 21, and 35 days on four developmental stages (late‐instar larvae, early‐stage pupae, mid‐stage pupae, and 2‐day‐old adults). Additionally, we explored the maximum cold storage potential by observing early‐stage pupae stored at 13 °C for various durations (30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 days).

RESULTS

The most suitable cold storage temperature for the early‐stage pupae of Anisopteromalus calandrae was 13 °C, and the highest adult emergence rate (98.3%) was after 90 days of storage at 13 °C. Furthermore, we did not find any significant effect on longevity (female: 44.3 days; male: 38.1 days) or fecundity (121.7 wasps). The female ratio ranged from 43.5% to 50.8%. More importantly, cold storage did not adversely affect the developmental duration or fecundity of the offspring.

CONCLUSION

This study offers crucial insights for managing Anisopteromalus calandrae populations under laboratory conditions and lays the foundation for potential industrial production and development. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Physical activity and stress among college students at a large US university during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: DeYoung Wendy , Schulte Becca , Li Kaigang
Published: September 2023

Background

As the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic and subsequent lockdown in March 2020, reports indicate reduced physical activity (PA), increased sitting time (ST), and higher stress in various groups. It remains uncertain if these patterns persist in college students. This study aimed to discover trends in vigorous PA (VPA), moderate PA (MPA), light PA (LPA), ST, and stress among college students from 2020 to early 2022, spanning 2 years.

Methods

Using a repeated cross‐sectional design, this study involved three online surveys in Summer and Fall 2020, and Winter 2021, respectively. Participants recalled pre‐COVID‐19 information in the first two periods and reported current information during COVID in all three periods, outlining four time points: Before‐COVID and During‐COVID times 1, 2, and 3.

Results

This study included 2163 students from a large Western university. All types of PA decreased from the start of the pandemic to late 2021; however, increases toward pre‐pandemic levels in MPA and LPA were found in early 2022. Also, activity shifted from VPA to MPA and LPA. Although ST and perceived stress (PS) surged in the pandemic's first year, they began decreasing toward pre‐COVID levels in early 2022.

Conclusion

The study indicates a decline in PA during the peak of the pandemic, followed by a recent return to almost pre‐COVID levels. Additionally, elevated ST and PS in early pandemic have reduced by the third year. As society begins to live with a new COVID‐normal, there must be adaptations to maintain PA and promote mental well‐being.
An examination of an adapted Project ECHO model series during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Idaho
Authors: Moore Jonathan D. , de Leon Gonzalez Julio , Casanova Madeline P. , Rodgers Kathleen , Baker Russell T.
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Idaho is a medically underserved and rural state comprised mostly health professional shortage areas for primary and specialty care. Given the state shortages and barriers to access care, the testing and treatment of COVID‐19 may be improved through the implementation of telementoring education programs such as Project Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO). The purpose of this article was to assess session attendance and self‐reported healthcare clinician perceptions of the ECHO Idaho COVID‐19 series (2020 and 2021), a modified Project ECHO model provided during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Idaho.

Methods

ECHO Idaho developed a COVID‐19 ECHO series for healthcare providers to attend in 2020 and 2021. The sessions included COVID‐19 updates specific to Idaho, didactic presentations on prevention, screening, diagnosis, and evidence‐based treatments for COVID‐19, and case‐based presentations.

Results

A total of 664 individuals attended the 2020 series and 260 individuals attended the 2021 series, with 1752.5 continuing medical education hours being claimed. Participants reported series participation increased overall knowledge of COVID‐19, knowledge of best practices for treatment, and awareness of resources available in Idaho. Further, series participation was perceived to reduce feelings of isolation, enhance access to information, and support healthcare professionals (e.g., provided resources) during the pandemic.

Conclusion

Results of this evaluation indicate that the ECHO Idaho COVID‐19 series was a useful and valuable program to implement during a pandemic in a rural and frontier state to improve physician knowledge and specialty training.
Sterically regulated halogen‐free bifunctional ionic liquids for catalytic conversion of CO2 into cyclic carbonates
Authors: Zhang Heming , Meng Chan , Su Qian , Dong Li , Liu Wen , Wang Xiaokang , Li Yunong , Cheng Weiguo
Published: October 2023

In the cycloaddition reaction of carbon dioxide (CO2) with epoxides, halogen catalysts lead to halogen loss and environmental pollution. It is necessary to design efficient and environmentally friendly catalysts. A series of halogen‐free phosphonium ionic liquids (ILs) regulated by steric hindrance were designed and synthesized. It is further used as effective catalysts for the catalytic conversion of CO2 into cyclic carbonates. The effect of different catalyst structures on catalytic activity has been investigated. Amino group has been shown to contribute to increased activity, and its location determines the degree of increased activity. Among them, [Bu4P]2[5‐AMP] with meta‐substitution showed the best catalytic activity, the conversion of propylene oxide (PO) was 96 % at the optimum conditions of 120 °C, 2 MPa and 3 h. Based on characterization analysis and DFT calculations, the interaction of ILs with CO2 and PO were revealed. Finally, a plausible synergistic catalytic mechanism was proposed. The halogen‐free, metal‐free phosphonium ILs proposed in this paper provide a new insight on catalyst design and CO2 utilization.
Pt/C‐catalyzed Selective Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes to N‐arylhydroxylamines under Mild Conditions
Authors: Chen Mengting , Zhang Meihua , Liu Xiaoshuang , Liu Yingxin
Published: October 2023

The synthesis of N‐arylhydroxylamines through the in‐situ hydrogenation of nitroarenes over commercial Pt/C catalyst was investigated. The effects of various reaction conditions including hydrogen donor, solvent, catalyst dosage, temperature and reaction time on the selective hydrogenation of nitrobenzene (NB) to N‐phenylhydroxylamine (PHA) were systematically investigated. The results showed that the yield of N‐phenylhydroxylamine reached 87.2 % using hydrazine hydrate as hydrogen donor in N,N‐dimethylformamide solvent at 30 °C for 60 min. And the catalyst showed no obvious activity loss after a 6‐times recycle. Meanwhile, the developed methodology can also transform a range of nitroarenes to the corresponding N‐arylhydroxylamines in excellent yields (74–99 %).
Recent Advances in the Decarboxylative Strategy of Coumarin‐3‐carboxylic Acid
Authors: Patel Dixita J. , Patel Parth P. , Chikhalia Kishor H.
Published: October 2023

Coumarin is a highly proficient scaffold with great effectiveness which uplifts emerging chemists to create coumarin derivatives using cutting‐edge synthetic techniques. However, severe reaction conditions are required to develop substituted coumarin analogous. Notably, the carboxylic acid group in coumarin has emerged as a flexible functionality facilitating the construction of coumarin‐containing building blocks, emphasizing the decarboxylative strategy. Use of the decarboxylative technique has tremendously increased, due to its ability to increase the reactivity of the substrate. Moreover, it is the most extensively investigated synthetic strategy incorporating various functionalities in coumarin nuclei. This review discusses the decarboxylative strategies for creating C‐3 and C‐4 substituted coumarin derivatives. It emphasizes various interactions, including catalyst‐based, catalyst‐free, Michael addition, cyclo addition, three components, oxidative, and photocatalytic system involving the decarboxylation process.
Recent Advances in Photothermal Therapy at Near‐Infrared‐II Based on 2D MXenes
Authors: Li Nan , Wang Yisen , Li Yang , Zhang Chenchu , Fang Guangyou
Published: September 2023

The use of photothermal therapy (PTT) with the near‐infrared II region (NIR‐II: 1000–1700 nm) is expected to be a powerful cancer treatment strategy. It retains the noninvasive nature and excellent temporal and spatial controllability of the traditional PTT, and offers significant advantages in terms of tissue penetration depth, background noise, and the maximum permissible exposure standards for skin. MXenes, transition‐metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides are emerging inorganic nanomaterials with natural biocompatibility, wide spectral absorption, and a high photothermal conversion efficiency. The PTT of MXenes in the NIR‐II region not only provides a valuable reference for exploring photothermal agents that respond to NIR‐II in 2D inorganic nanomaterials, but also be considered as a promising biomedical therapy. First, the synthesis methods of 2D MXenes are briefly summarized, and the laser light source, mechanism of photothermal conversion, and evaluation criteria of photothermal performance are introduced. Second, the latest progress of PTT based on 2D MXenes in NIR‐II are reviewed, including titanium carbide (Ti3C2), niobium carbide (Nb2C), and molybdenum carbide (Mo2C). Finally, the main problems in the PTT application of 2D MXenes to NIR‐II and future research directions are discussed.
Synergistic Modulation of Mass Transfer and Parasitic Reactions of Zn Metal Anode via Bioinspired Artificial Protection Layer
Authors: Gou Qianzhi , Chen Zhaoyu , Luo Haoran , Deng Jiangbin , Zhang Ben , Xu Nuo , Cui Junyi , Zheng Yujie , Li Meng , Li Jun
Published: September 2023

Rechargeable aqueous zinc–ion batteries are regarded as promising energy storage devices due to their attractive economic benefits and extraordinary electrochemical performance. However, the sluggish Zn2+ mass transfer behavior and water‐induced parasitic reactions that occurred on the anode–electrode interface inevitably restrain their applications. Herein, inspired by the selective permeability and superior stability of plasma membrane, a thin UiO‐66 metal‐organic framework layer with smart aperture size is ex‐situ decorated onto the Zn anode. Experimental characterizations in conjunction with theoretical calculations demonstrate that this bio‐inspired layer promotes the de‐solvation process of hydrated Zn2+ and reduces the effective contact between the anode and H2O molecules, thereby boosting Zn2+ deposition kinetics and restraining interfacial parasitic reactions. Hence, the Zn||Zn cells could sustain a long lifespan of 1680 h and the Zn||Cu cells yielded a stable coulombic efficiency of over 99.3% throughout 600 cycles under the assistance of the bio‐inspired layer. Moreover, pairing with δ‐MnO2 cathode, the full cells also demonstrate prominent cycling stability and rate performance. From the bio‐inspired design philosophy, this work provides a novel insight into the development of aqueous batteries.
Efficient Tin Perovskite Solar Cells via Suppressing Autoxidation in Inert Atmosphere
Authors: Zhang Yu , Zhao Bin , Liu Lang , Zhou Jianheng , Ma Xue , Wang Ning
Published: September 2023

The unsatisfactory power conversion efficiency (PCE) and long‐term stability of tin perovskite solar cells (TPSCs) restrict its further development as alternatives to lead perovskite solar cells (LPSCs). Considerable research has focused on the negative impacts of O2 and H2O, while discussions about degradation mechanism in an inert atmosphere remains insufficient. Herein, the light‐induced autoxidation of tin perovskite in nitrogen atmosphere is revealed for the first time and the elastic lattice distortion is demonstrated as the crucial role of rapid degradation. The continuous injection of photons induces energy transfer from excited A‐site cations to vibrating Sn–I framework, leading to the elastic deformation of perovskite lattice. Consequently, the over distorted Sn–I framework releases free iodine and further oxidizes Sn2+ in the form of molecular iodine. Through an appropriately designed light–dark cyclic test, a remarkable PCE of 14.41% is achieved based on (Cs0.025(MA0.25FA0.75)0.975) 0.98EDA0.01SnI3 solar cells, which is the record of hybrid triple TPSCs so far. The findings unveil autoxidation as the crux of TPSCs’ degradation in an inert atmosphere and suggest the possibility of reinforcing the tin perovskite lattice towards highly efficient and stable TPSCs.