bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maternal human habituation enhances sons’ risk of human-caused mortality in a large carnivore, brown bears
Authors: Shimozuru Michito , Shirane Yuri , Yamanaka Masami , Nakanishi Masanao , Ishinazaka Tsuyoshi , Kasai Shinsuke , Nose Takane , Shirayanagi Masataka , Jimbo Mina , Tsuruga Hifumi , Mano Tsutomu , Tsubota Toshio
Published: October 2020

Human habituation of large carnivores is becoming a serious problem that generates human–wildlife conflict, which often results in the removal of animals as nuisances. Although never tested, human habituation potentially reduces the fitness of adult females by reducing their offspring’s survival as well as their own, due to an increased likelihood of human-caused mortality. Here, we tested this hypothesis in brown bears inhabiting Shiretoko National Park, Japan. We estimated the frequency of human-caused mortality of independent young (aged 1–4 years) born to mothers living in areas with different maternal levels of human habituation and different proximities to areas of human activity. The overall mortality rate was higher in males than in females, and in females living near a town than those in a remote area of park. Surprisingly, more than 70% of males born to highly habituated mothers living around a remote wildlife protection area were killed by humans; this proportion is greater than that for males born to less-habituated mothers living in almost the same area. The current study clarified that interactions among maternal human habituation, birthplace (proximity to town), age, and sex determine the likelihood of human-caused mortality of brown bears at an early stage of life.
Author Correction: The genetic ancestry of American Creole cattle inferred from uniparental and autosomal genetic markers
Authors: Ginja Catarina , Gama Luis Telo , Cortés Oscar , Burriel Inmaculada Martin , Vega-Pla Jose Luis , Penedo Cecilia , Sponenberg Phil , Cañón Javier , Sanz Arianne , do Egito Andrea Alves , Alvarez Luz Angela , Giovambattista Guillermo , Agha Saif , Rogberg-Muñoz Andrés , Lara Maria Aparecida Cassiano ,   BioBovis Consortium, Afonso Sónia , Aguirre Lenin , Armstrong Eileen , Vallejo Maria Esperanza Camacho , Canales Amado , Cassamá Bernardo , Contreras Gloria , Cordeiro J. M. Moras , Dunner Susana , Elbeltagy Ahmed , Fioravanti Maria Clorinda Soares , Carpio Mayra Gómez , Gómez Mariano , Hernández Antonio , Hernandez Darwin , Juliano Raquel Soares , Landi Vincenzo , Marques Ribamar , Martínez Rubén D. , Martínez O. Roberto , Melucci Lilia , Flores Baldomero Molina , Mújica Fernando , Casanova Pere-Miquel Parés i , Quiroz Jorge , Rodellar Clementina , Tjon Gerald , Adebambo Tumininu , Ufo Odalys , Vargas Julio César , Villalobos Axel , Zaragoza Pilar , Delgado Juan Vicente , Martinez Amparo
Published: October 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Hyaluronan regulates synapse formation and function in developing neural networks
Authors: Wilson Emily , Knudson Warren , Newell-Litwa Karen
Published: October 2020

Neurodevelopmental disorders present with synaptic alterations that disrupt the balance between excitatory and inhibitory signaling. For example, hyperexcitability of cortical neurons is associated with both epilepsy and autism spectrum disorders. However, the mechanisms that initially establish the balance between excitatory and inhibitory signaling in brain development are not well understood. Here, we sought to determine how the extracellular matrix directs synapse formation and regulates synaptic function in a model of human cortical brain development. The extracellular matrix, making up twenty percent of brain volume, is largely comprised of hyaluronan. Hyaluronan acts as both a scaffold of the extracellular matrix and a space-filling molecule. Hyaluronan is present from the onset of brain development, beginning with neural crest cell migration. Through acute perturbation of hyaluronan levels during synaptogenesis, we sought to determine how hyaluronan impacts the ratio of excitatory to inhibitory synapse formation and the resulting neural activity. We used 3-D cortical spheroids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells to replicate this neurodevelopmental window. Our results demonstrate that hyaluronan preferentially surrounds nascent excitatory synapses. Removal of hyaluronan increases the expression of excitatory synapse markers and results in a corresponding increase in the formation of excitatory synapses, while also decreasing inhibitory synapse formation. This increased excitatory synapse formation elevates network activity, as demonstrated by microelectrode array analysis. In contrast, the addition of purified hyaluronan suppresses excitatory synapse formation. These results establish that the hyaluronan extracellular matrix surrounds developing excitatory synapses, where it critically regulates synapse formation and the resulting balance between excitatory to inhibitory signaling.
Rapid detection of cytochrome cd1-containing nitrite reductase encoding gene nirS of denitrifying bacteria with loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay
Authors: Zhang Xuzhi , Yang Qianqian , Zhang Qingli , Jiang Xiaoyu , Wang Xiaochun , Li Yang , Zhao Jun , Qu Keming
Published: October 2020

The cytochrome cd1-containing nitrite reductase, nirS, plays an important role in biological denitrification. Consequently, investigating the presence and abundance of nirS is a commonly used approach to understand the distribution and potential activity of denitrifying bacteria, in addition to denitrifier communities. Herein, a rapid method for detecting nirS gene with loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) was developed, using Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 (P. aeruginosa PAO1) as model microorganism to optimize the assay. The LAMP assay relied on a set of four primers that were designed to recognize six target sequence sites, resulting in high target specificity. The limit of detection for the LAMP assay under optimized conditions was 1.87 pg/reaction of genomic DNA, which was an order of magnitude lower than that required by conventional PCR assays. Moreover, it was validated that P. aeruginosa PAO1 cells as well as genomic DNA could be directly used as template. Only 1 h was needed from the addition of bacterial cells to the reaction to the verification of amplification success. The nirS gene of P. aeruginosa PAO1 in spiked seawater samples could be detected with both DNA-template based LAMP assay and cell-template based LAMP assay, demonstrating the practicality of in-field use.
Deep learning segmentation of hyperautofluorescent fleck lesions in Stargardt disease
Authors: Charng Jason , Xiao Di , Mehdizadeh Maryam , Attia Mary S. , Arunachalam Sukanya , Lamey Tina M. , Thompson Jennifer A. , McLaren Terri L. , De Roach John N. , Mackey David A. , Frost Shaun , Chen Fred K.
Published: October 2020

Stargardt disease is one of the most common forms of inherited retinal disease and leads to permanent vision loss. A diagnostic feature of the disease is retinal flecks, which appear hyperautofluorescent in fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging. The size and number of these flecks increase with disease progression. Manual segmentation of flecks allows monitoring of disease, but is time-consuming. Herein, we have developed and validated a deep learning approach for segmenting these Stargardt flecks (1750 training and 100 validation FAF patches from 37 eyes with Stargardt disease). Testing was done in 10 separate Stargardt FAF images and we observed a good overall agreement between manual and deep learning in both fleck count and fleck area. Longitudinal data were available in both eyes from 6 patients (average total follow-up time 4.2 years), with both manual and deep learning segmentation performed on all (n = 82) images. Both methods detected a similar upward trend in fleck number and area over time. In conclusion, we demonstrated the feasibility of utilizing deep learning to segment and quantify FAF lesions, laying the foundation for future studies using fleck parameters as a trial endpoint.
High-sensitivity tunneling magneto-resistive micro-gyroscope with immunity to external magnetic interference
Authors: Jin Li , Qin Shi-Yang , Zhang Rui , Li Meng-Wei
Published: October 2020

Micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) gyroscopes have numerous potential applications including guidance, robotics, tactical-grade navigation, and automotive applications fields. The methods with ability of the weak Coriolis force detection are critical for MEMS gyroscopes. In this paper, we presented a design of MEMS gyroscope based on the tunneling magneto-resistance effect with higher detection sensitivity. Of all these designed parameters, the structural, magnetic field, and magneto-resistance sensitivity values reach to 21.6 nm/°/s, 0.0023 Oe/nm, and 29.5 mV/Oe, thus, with total sensitivity of 1.47 mV/°/s. Multi-bridge circuit method is employed to suppress external magnetic interference and avoid the integration error of the TMR devices effectively. The proposed tunneling magneto-resistive micro-gyroscope shows a possibility to make an inertial grade MEMS gyroscope in the future.
Excess cerebral oxygen delivery follows return of spontaneous circulation in near-term asphyxiated lambs
Authors: Badurdeen Shiraz , Gill Andrew W. , Kluckow Martin , Roberts Calum T. , Galinsky Robert , Klink Sarah , Miller Suzanne L. , Davis Peter G. , Schmölzer Georg M. , Hooper Stuart B. , Polglase Graeme R.
Published: October 2020

Hypoxic-ischaemia renders the neonatal brain susceptible to early secondary injury from oxidative stress and impaired autoregulation. We aimed to describe cerebral oxygen kinetics and haemodynamics immediately following return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and evaluate non-invasive parameters to facilitate bedside monitoring. Near-term sheep fetuses [139 ± 2 (SD) days gestation, n = 16] were instrumented to measure carotid artery (CA) flow, pressure, right brachial arterial and jugular venous saturation (SaO2 and SvO2, respectively). Cerebral oxygenation (crSO2) was measured using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Following induction of severe asphyxia, lambs received cardiopulmonary resuscitation using 100% oxygen until ROSC, with oxygen subsequently weaned according to saturation nomograms as per current guidelines. We found that oxygen consumption did not rise following ROSC, but oxygen delivery was markedly elevated until 15 min after ROSC. CrSO2 and heart rate each correlated with oxygen delivery. SaO2 remained > 90% and was less useful for identifying trends in oxygen delivery. CrSO2 correlated inversely with cerebral fractional oxygen extraction. In conclusion, ROSC from perinatal asphyxia is characterised by excess oxygen delivery that is driven by rapid increases in cerebrovascular pressure, flow, and oxygen saturation, and may be monitored non-invasively. Further work to describe and limit injury mediated by oxygen toxicity following ROSC is warranted.
Micro-rheological properties of lung homogenates correlate with infection severity in a mouse model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection
Authors: Murgia Xabier , Kany Andreas M. , Herr Christian , Ho Duy-Khiet , De Rossi Chiara , Bals Robert , Lehr Claus-Michael , Hirsch Anna K. H. , Hartmann Rolf W. , Empting Martin , Röhrig Teresa
Published: October 2020

Lung infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa pose a serious threat to patients suffering from, among others, cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or bronchiectasis, often leading to life-threatening complications. The establishment of a chronic infection is substantially related to communication between bacteria via quorum-sensing networks. In this study, we aimed to assess the role of quorum-sensing signaling molecules of the Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS) and to investigate the viscoelastic properties of lung tissue homogenates of PA-infected mice in a prolonged acute murine infection model. Therefore, a murine infection model was successfully established via intra-tracheal infection with alginate-supplemented Pseudomonas aeruginosa NH57388A. Rheological properties of lung homogenates were analyzed with multiple particle tracking (MPT) and quorum-sensing molecules were quantified with LC–MS/MS. Statistical analysis of bacterial load and quorum-sensing molecules showed a strong correlation between these biomarkers in infected lungs. This was accompanied by noticeable changes in the consistency of lung homogenates with increasing infection severity. Furthermore, viscoelastic properties of the lung homogenates strongly correlated with bacterial load and quorum sensing molecules. Considering the strong correlation between the viscoelasticity of lung homogenates and the aforementioned biomarkers, the viscoelastic properties of infected lungs might serve as reliable new biomarker for the evaluation of the severity of P. aeruginosa infections in murine models.
High aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase ratio on admission as risk factor for poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Qin Cheng , Wei Yingxin , Lyu Xiaoyu , Zhao Bangbo , Feng Yunlu , Li Tianhao , Cao Hongtao , Yang Xiaoying , Zhou Xingtong , Wang Weibin , You Lei , Wang Yujun
Published: October 2020

This study aimed to analyze aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio in COVID-19 patients. After exclusion, 567 inpatients were included in this study and separated into two groups according to their AST/ALT ratio on admission. Death was regarded as poor prognosis in this study. Of 567 patients, 200 (35.3%) had AST/ALT ≥ 1.38. Of the 200 patients, older age (median age 60 years), myalgia (64 [32%] cases), fatigue (91 [45.5%] cases), some comorbidities and outcomes were significantly different from patients with AST/ALT < 1.38. They also had worse chest computed tomography (CT) findings, laboratory results and severity scores. Levels of platelet count (OR 0.995, 95% CI [0.992–0.998]) and hemoglobin (OR 0.984, 95% CI [0.972–0.995]) were independently associated with AST/ALT ≥ 1.38 on admission. Furthermore, a high AST/ALT ratio on admission was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis (OR 99.9, 95% CI [2.1–4280.5]). In subsequent monitoring, both survivors and non-survivors showed decreased AST/ALT ratio during hospitalization. In conclusion, high AST/ALT ratio might be the indication of worse status and outcomes in COVID-19 patients.
Electronic structures of WS2 armchair nanoribbons doped with transition metals
Authors: Chen Yan-Hong , Lee Chi-Hsuan , Cheng Shun-Jen , Yang Chih-Kai
Published: October 2020

Armchair WS2 nanoribbons are semiconductors with band gaps close to 0.5 eV. If some of the W atoms in the ribbon are replaced by transition metals, the impurity states can tremendously affect the overall electronic structure of the doped ribbon. By using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory, we investigated substitutional doping of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, and Co at various positions on WS2 ribbons of different widths. We found that Fe-doped ribbons can have two-channel conduction in the middle segment of the ribbon and at the edges, carrying opposite spins separately. Many Co-doped ribbons are transformed into spin filters that exhibit 100% spin-polarized conduction. These results will be useful for spintronics and nanoelectronic circuit design.
Comparative eco-physiology revealed extensive enzymatic curtailment, lipases production and strong conidial resilience of the bat pathogenic fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans
Authors: Veselská Tereza , Homutová Karolína , García Fraile Paula , Kubátová Alena , Martínková Natália , Pikula Jiří , Kolařík Miroslav
Published: October 2020

The genusPseudogymnoascusencompasses soil psychrophilic fungi living also in caves. Some are opportunistic pathogens; nevertheless, they do not cause outbreaks.Pseudogymnoascus destructansis the causative agent of the white-nose syndrome, which is decimating cave-hibernating bats. We used comparative eco-physiology to contrast the enzymatic potential and conidial resilience ofP. destructanswith that of phylogenetically diverse cave fungi, includingPseudogymnoascusspp., dermatophytes and outdoor saprotrophs. Enzymatic potential was assessed by Biolog MicroArray and by growth on labelled substrates and conidial viability was detected by flow cytometry.Pseudogymnoascusdestructanswas specific by extensive losses of metabolic variability and by ability of lipid degradation. We suppose that lipases are important enzymes allowing fungal hyphae to digest and invade the skin.Pseudogymnoascus destructansprefers nitrogenous substrates occurring in bat skin and lipids. Additionally,P. destructansalkalizes growth medium, which points to another possible virulence mechanism. Temperature above 30 °C substantially decreases conidial viability of cave fungi includingP. destructans.Nevertheless, survival ofP. destructansconidia prolongs by the temperature regime simulating beginning of the flight season,what suggests that conidia could persist on the body surface of bats and contribute to disease spreading during bats active season.
Author Correction: Early‑life short‑term environmental enrichment counteracts the effects of stress on anxiety‑like behavior, brain‑derived neurotrophic factor and nuclear translocation of glucocorticoid receptors in the basolateral amygdala
Authors: Hegde Akshaya , Suresh Shruti , Mitra Rupshi
Published: October 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Electrochemical detection of organophosphorus pesticides based on amino acids-conjugated P3TAA-modified electrodes
Authors: Liu Yuhui , Cao Xin , Liu Zhiqi , Sun Lili , Fang Guozhen , Liu Jifeng , Wang Shuo
Published: October 2020

Catalytic hydrolysis and electrochemical detection of organophosphorus pesticides based on amino acids-conjugated poly(3-thiophene acetate acid).
γ-Carboline synthesis enabled by Rh(iii)-catalysed regioselective C–H annulation
Authors: Jiang Bo , Jia Jingwen , Sun Yufei , Wang Yichun , Zeng Jing , Bu Xiubin , Shi Liangliang , Sun Xiaoying , Yang Xiaobo
Published: October 2020

A Rh(iii)-catalysed C–H annulation of indolyl oximes with alkynyl silanes was developed, delivering diverse γ-carbolines with unexpected reverse regioselectivity.
Chemical control of photoinduced charge-transfer direction in a tetrathiafulvalene-fused dipyrrolylquinoxaline difluoroborate dyad
Authors: Zhou Ping , Aschauer Ulrich , Decurtins Silvio , Feurer Thomas , Häner Robert , Liu Shi-Xia
Published: October 2020

Chemical regulation of a distinct photoinduced charge flow over multiple pathways present in an electron donor–acceptor dyad is demonstrated.
Non-covalent sulfoxide⋯(nitrosyl group) interactions involving coordinated nitrosyl in a Ru(ii) nitrosyl complex with an α-diimine ligand: structural and computational studies
Authors: Kia Reza
Published: October 2020

Inspection of the X-ray structure of the newly prepared Ru–nitrosyl complex bearing an α-diimine ligand revealed for the first time the π-hole interaction involving the coordinated nitrosyl group with DMSO.
Generating transition states of isomerization reactions with deep learning
Authors: Pattanaik Lagnajit , Ingraham John B. , Grambow Colin A. , Green William H.
Published: October 2020

We develop a deep learning architecture to predict 3D transition state geometries. The new method generates structures more rapidly than existing QM methods.
Can modified DNA base pairs with chalcogen bonding expand the genetic alphabet? A combined quantum chemical and molecular dynamics simulation study
Authors: Sharma Karan Deep , Kathuria Preetleen , Wetmore Stacey D. , Sharma Purshotam
Published: October 2020

A comprehesive computational study is presented with the goal to design and analyze model chalcogen-bonded modified nucleobase pairs that replace one or two Watson–Crick hydrogen bonds of the canonical A:T or G:C pair with chalcogen bond(s).
Visual self-assembly and stimuli-responsive materials based on recent phosphorescent platinum(ii) complexes
Authors: Li Baoning , Liang Zhenjie , Yan Huijie , Li Yongguang
Published: October 2020

Organoplatinum(ii) complexes with various π-conjugated ligands exhibit intriguing luminescent properties and they are a promising candidate to construct smart luminescent materials in optical devices, chemical sensors, and bio-imaging.
Controlling the distribution of nanoparticles in hydrogels via interfacial synthesis
Authors: Gazil Olivier , Gancheva Teodora , Bilodeau-Calame Michel , Favis Basil D. , Virgilio Nick
Published: October 2020

This article presents an approach to precisely control the localization of nanoparticles in hydrogels via interfacial synthesis with a co-solvent.
Enhancing the selectivity of Pd/C catalysts for the direct synthesis of H2O2 by HNO3 pretreatment
Authors: Liang Wuyang , Dong Jinfeng , Yao Mengqin , Fu Jinsong , Chen Honglin , Zhang Xiaoming
Published: October 2020

The acid functional groups of activated carbon improve the H2O2 selectivity.
Modulation of oxygen functional groups and their influence on the supercapacitor performance of reduced graphene oxide
Authors: Wang Zegao , Wang Yuqing , Hao Xin , Liu Jingbo , Chen Yuanfu , Li Pingjian , Dong Mingdong
Published: October 2020

Through tuning the oxygen function groups, it was demonstrated that the specific capacitance of reduced graphene oxide can increase from 136 F g−1 to 182 F g−1.
Hexyl dithiafulvalene (HDT)-substituted carbazole (CBZ) D–π–A based sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Duvva Naresh , Giribabu Lingamallu
Published: October 2020

Two carbazole based dyes with donor hexyl dithiafulvalene at C6 position using D–π–A concept having either cyanoacrylic acid (HDT-C1) or rhodanine-3-acetic acid (HDT-C2) as acceptor group for the applied to DSSCs with an efficiency of 7.38%.
Structure–property relationships and the mechanisms of multistep transitions in spin crossover materials and frameworks
Authors: Cruddas Jace , Powell Ben J.
Published: October 2020

Structure–property relationships are identified and applied to explain multi-step transitions and the different antiferroelastic patterns found in spin crossover frameworks.
Directional crystallization of C8-BTBT-C8 thin films in a temperature gradient
Authors: Schweicher Guillaume , Liu Guangfeng , Fastré Pierre , Resel Roland , Abbas Mamatimin , Wantz Guillaume , Geerts Yves Henri
Published: October 2020

A directional crystallization of C8-BTBT-C8 in a temperature gradient reduces film roughness and improves in-plane alignment.
Low-temperature storage after harvest retards the deterioration in the sensory quality, health-promoting compounds, and antioxidant capacity of baby mustard
Authors: Sun Bo , Lin Pei-Xing , Xia Ping-Xin , Di Hong-Mei , Zhang Jia-Qi , Zhang Chen-Lu , Zhang Fen
Published: October 2020

Low temperature retards the deterioration in sensory quality, main health-promoting compounds and antioxidant capacity in post-harvest baby mustard.
Annealing-free efficient organic solar cells via an alkylbenzene side-chain strategy of small-molecule electron acceptors
Authors: Han Yufang , Song Wei , Zhang Jinsheng , Xie Lin , Xiao Jingbo , Li Yanbo , Cao Liang , Song Shulin , Zhou Erjun , Ge Ziyi
Published: October 2020

14.54% high efficiency for annealing-free organic solar cells is achieved by employing a binary PM6:C6 system, and it is one of the highest PCEs of annealing-free OSCs up to now and can promote the development of the organic photovoltaic industry.
Visible/infrared light-driven high-efficiency CO2conversion into ethane based on a B–Co synergistic catalyst
Authors: Li Lei , Guo Haoran , Yao Ge , Hu Chenhui , Liu Chunhong , Tian Ziqi , Li Baihai , Zhang Qiuju , Chen Liang
Published: October 2020

Solar-driven reduction of CO2into multi-carbon products plays a vital role in renewing CO2utilization, while the key lies on screening efficient catalysts that possess moderate CO intermediate binding energy and eventually facilitate further C–C coupling to C2+products.
Capillary force driven printing of asymmetric Na-ion micro-supercapacitors
Authors: Li Jianmin , Shao Yuanlong , Hou Chengyi , Zhang Qinghong , Li Yaogang , Wang Hongzhi
Published: October 2020

An asymmetric micro-supercapacitor is achieved by capillary force driven printing, showing a voltage window of 2.1 V in a Na+-containing aqueous electrolyte.
Exploiting S-nitrosylation for cancer therapy: facts and perspectives
Authors: Rizza Salvatore , Filomeni Giuseppe
Published: October 2020

S-nitrosylation, the post-translational modification of cysteines by nitric oxide, has been implicated in several cellular processes and tissue homeostasis. As a result, alterations in the mechanisms controlling the levels of S-nitrosylated proteins have been found in pathological states. In the last few years, a role in cancer has been proposed, supported by the evidence that various oncoproteins undergo gain- or loss-of-function modifications upon S-nitrosylation. Here, we aim at providing insight into the current knowledge about the role of S-nitrosylation in different aspects of cancer biology and report the main anticancer strategies based on: (i) reducing S-nitrosylation-mediated oncogenic effects, (ii) boosting S-nitrosylation to stimulate cell death, (iii) exploiting S-nitrosylation through synthetic lethality.
Application of non-metallic composite reinforcement for contact line supports
Authors: Nikolaev Valery , Stepanova Valentina , Falikman Vyacheslav
Published: October 2020

The technology for pre-stressing and anchoring of the composite rebar was developed. It makes possible to reinforce concrete products and produce the contact line supports of high quality, which possesses advantages in comparison with the steel reinforced concrete. The prototypes of supporting structures with the use of the composite BFRP reinforcement were developed. They were tested for strength, rigidity and crack resistance. In the course of testing, the value of a pole deflection in the plane of the application of the control load was determined. Poles with composite reinforcement (with vibratory load and after vibratory load) and steel reinforced poles were tested and compared. Results obtained show that the vibratory load had no significant impact on the properties of supports reinforced with pre-stressed composite rebars and confirm the practical possibility to use them. In the future, it is necessary to develop the working drawings for the replacement of the steel reinforcement by a composite polymer rebar and the technical requirements for supports of the contact lines of Russian Railways as well as the technical regulations for their design and manufacturing.
Analysis of selected shear strength models based on research of beams without stirrups
Authors: Kotynia Renata , Kaszubska Monika
Published: October 2020

The paper presents two theoretical models for calculating shear capacity of beams without stirrups. The analysis refers to slender concrete beams without transverse reinforcement flexurally reinforced with two types of bars: steel and composite (glass fiber reinforced polymer - GFRP). The research program included 29 single-span, simply supported T-section beams without transversal reinforcement. The three point loaded beams (with span to depth ratio a/d in the range of 2.9-3.0 referring to the slender beams). The four times lower modulus of elasticity of the GFRP reinforcement revealed a gentle, progressive shear - tension failure mode, opposite to the abrupt failure mode of the RC beams.
Safety Profile of Methylphenidate Under Long-Term Treatment in Adult
ADHD Patients – Results of the COMPAS Study
Authors: Kis Bernhard , Lücke Caroline , van Elst Ludger Tebartz , Müller Helge H. O. , Philipsen Alexandra , Abdel-Hamid Mona , Heßmann Philipp , Graf Erika , Berger Mathias , Matthies Swantje , Borel Patricia , Sobanski Esther , Alm Barbara , Rösler Michael , Retz Wolfgang , Jacob Christian , Colla Michael , Huss Michael , Jans Thomas
Published: October 2020

Introduction The Comparison of Methylphenidate and Psychotherapy in adult
ADHD Study (COMPAS) was a prospective, randomized multicenter clinical trial,
comparing methylphenidate (MPH) with placebo (PLAC) in combination with
cognitive behavioral group psychotherapy (GPT) or individual clinical management
(CM) over the period of 1 year. Here, we report results on treatment safety.

Methods MPH and PLAC were flexibly dosed. Among 433 randomized patients,
adverse events (AEs) were documented and analyzed on an “as
received” basis during week 0–52. Electrocardiogram data were
recorded at baseline and week 24.

Results Comparing 205 patients who received ≥1 dose of MPH with
209 patients who received PLAC, AEs occurring significantly more frequently in
the MPH group were decreased appetite (22 vs. 3.8%), dry mouth (15 vs.
4.8%), palpitations (13 vs. 3.3%), gastrointestinal infection
(11 vs. 4.8%), agitation (11 vs. 3.3%), restlessness (10 vs.
2.9%), hyperhidrosis, tachycardia, weight decrease (all 6.3 vs.
1.9%), depressive symptom, influenza (both 4.9 vs. 1.0%), and
acute tonsillitis (4.4 vs. 0.5%). Syncope occurred significantly more
often in the PLAC group (2.4 vs. 0%). Clinically relevant ECG changes
occurred very rarely in both groups. Serious AEs were rare and without a
significant group difference. The comparison of 206 patients treated with GPT
versus 209 patients who received CM revealed no major differences. Serious AE
classified as psychiatric occurred in 5 cases in the CM group and in 1 case in
the GPT group.

Conclusion In this so far longest-running clinical trial, methylphenidate
treatment was safe and well-tolerated.
Validity and Reliability of a New Device to Measure Type of Actions in Indoor Sports
Authors: Lago-Fuentes Carlos , Aiello Paolo , Testa Mauro , Muñoz Iker , Calvo Marcos Mecías
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze the validity and the reliability of the intensity ranges, number of actions and changes of direction measured by a commercial inertial measurement unit. Eleven elite youth futsal players performed a circuit with different type of displacements as sprinting, running at low-medium intensity, standing up and changes of direction. Data recorded by the Overtraq system were compared with video-analyzer during the six trials of each player. Standard error mean, Intraclass Correlation Coeficient and Coefficient of variation, were calculated to analyze the reliability of the device, as well as the Root Mean Square Error and Confidence Interval with correlation of Pearson for its validity. The results reported good validity for three intensity ranges (R2>0.7) with high reliability (Intraclass Correlation Coeficient: 0.8–0.9), especially for high intensity actions (Intraclass Correlation Coeficient: 0.95, Coefficient of Variation: 3.06%). Furthermore, the validity for the number of different actions was almost perfect (96.3–100%), with only small differences regarding changes of activity (mean error: 2.0%). The Overtraq system can be considered as a valid and reliable technology for measuring and monitoring actions at different intensities and changes of direction in futsal, likewise common actions for other indoor sports.
Die Finanzierung der Psychiatrie – eine Alternative abseits von PEPP
Authors: Müller Ron
Published: October 2020

In der GKV gibt es zahlreiche Bereiche, bei denen nicht die Ursache von bestehenden Fehlanreizen behoben, sondern stattdessen ein Steuerungssystem aufgesetzt und immer weiter verfeinert wird, um das Verhalten von Akteuren zu kanalisieren. Das zeigt sich unter anderem in der Krankenhausfinanzierung und der Finanzierung der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherungen. Dies kann grundsätzlich keine Optimallösung darstellen.

Zweifelsohne wird die Veränderung erheblich, wenn Fehlanreizen dieser Art die Grundlage entzogen werden soll. Und sobald tief in ein System eingegriffen wird, treten in der Regel neue Probleme zutage, die es dann zu beherrschen gilt. Aber dies sollte keinen Grund darstellen, den aktuellen Versorgungsrahmen nicht fortlaufend zu hinterfragen und Alternativen ergebnisoffen zu prüfen.

Einen Vorschlag für eine solche Alternative thematisiert dieser Beitrag im Bereich der Finanzierung der psychiatrischen stationären Versorgung.
Total Synthesis of Allene-Containing Cyclic Tetrapeptide Pseudoxylallemycin C
Authors: Cameron Alan J. , Brimble Margaret A. , Park Casey , Howard Georgina K. , Harris Paul W. R.
Published: October 2020

The first total synthesis of the allene-containing cyclic tetrapeptide pseudoxylallemycin C is reported. The Tyr(t-Bu)-protected linear peptide was prepared on-resin and cyclized in solution phase to yield the protected cyclic precursor. Upon deprotection of Tyr(t-Bu), the desired phenolic cyclic tetrapeptide was separated by RP-HPLC from its epimer that also formed during the macrocyclisation step. Subsequent alkylation with 4-bromobuta-1,2-diene yielded pseudoxylallemycin C.
Nickel-Catalyzed α-1,3-Dienylation of 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds with Propargylic Carbonates
Authors: Ishida Naoki , Murakami Masahiro , Kamino Yuka
Published: October 2020

Herein reported is a nickel-catalyzed α-1,3-dienylation reaction of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with substituted propargylic (e.g., but-2-ynyl) carbonates. The propargyl unit changes into a 1,3-dienyl unit, which is incorporated at the α-position of the 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds.
Record-Breaking Steric Crowding in Trialkylamines Prepared by Oxidative Ring Opening
Authors: Banert Klaus , Heck Manuel , Ihle Andreas , Michael Erik , Weber Richard
Published: October 2020

Epoxidation of olefinic heterocyclic amines and subsequent acid-catalyzed hydrolysis or alternatively the direct dihydroxylation with the help of osmium tetroxide led to diols, which underwent ring cleavage in the presence of lead tetraacetate to give 3-isopropyl-2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-3-azahexanedial and 3-tert-butyl-2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-3-azapentanedial. Whereas the former dialdehyde is a highly unstable model compound because of a rapid intramolecular aldol reaction, the latter product proves to be isolable at room temperature. Furthermore, this compound is the first open-chain tri-tert-alkylamine establishing in a new record of steric crowding in tertiary amines. Strong tendencies to a Hofmann-like elimination reaction or to ring-closing reactions were observed when the aldehyde units of 3-tert-butyl-2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-3-azapentanedial were transformed into other functionalities, since both types of reactions led to a significantly decrease of the steric stress.
A Rare Presentation of Neurobrucellosis in a 6-Year-Old Pediatric Patient with Sagittal Sinus Thrombosis
Authors: Turel Ozden , Abdillah Fatouma Khalif , Yozgat Can Yilmaz , Uzuner Selcuk , Duramaz Burcu Bursal , Dundar Tolga Turan , Seyithanoglu Mehmet Hakan , Yesilbas Osman , Kutlu Nurettin Onur
Published: October 2020

Brucellosis is one of the most common zoonosis worldwide. It is still endemic in many regions of the world. A 6-year-old female was admitted to the emergency department (ED) due to a sudden change in consciousness, urinary incontinence, vomiting, and difficulty in walking. Neurological examination demonstrated abducens nerve paralysis, mild-to-moderate motor deficit in hemiparesis in the left arm. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a hemorrhagic focus at the right frontal lobe and thrombosis in the superior sagittal sinus of the brain. The diagnosis of neurobrucellosis was confirmed by identifying Brucella spp. in the blood culture on the day 6 of pediatric intensive care unit admission; thus, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and rifampicin, and ceftriaxone were promptly initiated. Despite neuroprotective management and acetazolamide, the patient's neurological problems and high intracranial pressure (ICP) persisted. An external ventricular drainage tube and a Codman ICP monitor were placed to be on the consent vigilance of the patient's neurological condition. The patient's ICP continued to increase despite the current treatment regimen; therefore, a decompressive bitemporal craniectomy was performed. The ICP level of the patient returned to its normal range immediately after the craniectomy. The patient did not have any notable neurologic sequelae at the first-year follow-up. Neurobrucellosis is a rare complication of systemic brucellosis and may present as meningitis, encephalitis, myelitis, radiculitis, and/or neuritis. Herein, we describe a six-year-old girl with brucellosis complicated with cerebral vein thrombosis. This case illustrates the need for close monitoring of patients with unexplained neurological signs or symptoms for brucellosis in endemic areas.
Considerations for the Care of Women with Gynecological Cancers during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Palwai Vinitha Reddy , Irukulla Monica
Published: October 2020

Delivering care for patients with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic can pose a significant challenge, given the fact that cancer patients face a higher risk of morbidity and mortality from the infection. Outcomes in gynecological cancers are heavily stage-dependent, ranging from 5-year survival 95% in early stage to less than 15% in advanced stages. Early diagnosis and timely treatment are therefore of the utmost importance, but they should be balanced, considering the availability of local expertise and resources and the local pandemic status. This article outlines the management guidelines for the care of women with gynecological malignancies during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Venous Thromboembolism in COVID-19: Are Women Different?
Authors: Chhabra Shibba Takkar , Goyal Prerna
Published: October 2020

The epidemiological data suggests predominant male prevalence, morbidity and mortality with SARS COVID-2. Similarly, venous thromboembolic (VTE) events have a male sex predilection with variant mechanisms involving angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) expression and pathways in women. COVID-19 could directly affect or it could be an indirect action of the disease via critical ailment hypoxemia, or hemostatic abnormalities might be the underlying mechanisms of VTE in a COVID-19 patient with baseline risk factor profile. VTE diagnosis in a COVID scenario has issues of a prone positioned patient, exposure of health workers and minimal therapeutic benefits in a critically ill patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Anticoagulation with low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) can be chosen over unfractionated heparin (UFH) with less monitoring requirements and thereby low exposure to healthcare workers. Variant guidelines for thromboprophylaxis (in hospital/extended postdischarge) have come up, stating anticoagulant administration, according to baseline risk profile and hemostatic biomarkers. Catheter-directed interventions should be reserved only for life-threatening situations. In women, hormonal milieu (for e.g., 17 β-estradiol) might influence occurrence of favorable ACE 2 polymorphisms with less VTE events. The management strategies in a female patient with VTE would be more or less similar to males. Combined oral contraceptives (COC) and estrogen replacement therapies (ERT) may be curtailed in COVID-19 positive patients, given their thrombogenic potential. Pregnancy and postpartum state in COVID-19 positive patient need VTE prophylaxis all the more in the presence of risk profile favoring VTE. Also, VTE prophylaxis when indicated should be continued in women in a normal menstrual cycle. Bleeding risks specific to women (menorrhagia secondary to dysfunctional uterine bleeding [DUB], fibroids, adnexal malignancies and masses, hypothyroidism, etc.) need to be weighed while taking a decision for indicated anticoagulation regimen.
Analysis of the Association of Foramen Cecum and Dens in Dente in Maxillary Lateral Incisor
Authors: Genaro Luis Eduardo , Conte Marcelo Brito , Anovazzi Giovana , Gonçalves Andréa , Gonçalves Marcela de Almeida , Capote Ticiana Sidorenko de Oliveira
Published: October 2020

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of foramen cecum and dens in dente, and to verify the association of these structures in the maxillary lateral incisor (MLI).

Materials and Methods The presence of foramen cecum in the lingual surface of 110 MLI was verified, and the teeth were radiographed to observe the presence of dens in dente, being classified according to the literature. An association study between the presence of foramen cecum and dens in dente was performed using the Cramer’s V and chi-square statistical tests.

Results The association was statistically significant between the foramen cecum and the dens in dente. Concomitant presence was observed in 17.27%, being a high rate when compared with the presence of foramen cecum alone (9.09%) or dens in dente alone (8.18%). In addition, type I (minimal invagination, confined to the crown of the tooth and not extending beyond the level of the cementum–enamel junction) was the most frequent (82.14%).

Conclusions We emphasize the importance of alerting the dentist to the presence of a foramen cecum on the lingual surface of the MLI, as it is likely that dens in dente is usually of type I. Thus, the foramen cecum is a sign that can assist the dental surgeon in the discovery of dens in dente and clinical conduct to be taken.
Novel Causative RET Mutation in a Japanese Family with Hirschsprung's Disease: Case Report and Factors Impacting Disease Severity
Authors: Higuchi Tsukasa , Yoshizawa Kazuki , Hatata Tomoko , Yoshizawa Katsumi , Takamizawa Shigeru , Kobayashi Jun , Kubota Noriko , Hidaka Eiko
Published: October 2020

RET gene variances confer susceptibility to Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) with pathogenetic mutations being identified in half of familial cases. This investigation of familial HSCR was aimed to clarify the relationship between genetic mutations and clinical phenotype using next-generation sequencing. A novel c2313C > G(D771E) RET mutation was identified in all three affected family members. The mutation involved the kinase domain, which is believe to impair RET activity and intestinal function. A second RET mutation, c1465G > A(D489N), was found only in the extensive aganglionosis case. We conclude that the novel c2313C > A(D771E) mutation in RET may be pathogenic for HSCR, while the c1465C > G(D489N) mutation may be related to phenotype severity.
Krankenhaus der Zukunft: Digitale Optimierungsansätze im OP
Authors: Süme Christoph , Rong Oliver
Published: October 2020

Der OP ist einer der komplexesten und fehleranfälligsten Bereiche im Klinikum – und ein großer Kostenfaktor. Ist es mit intelligenter Digitalisierung möglich, einige der „Dauerthemen“ im OP(Management) zu lösen? Was muss sich dafür aus Beschaffungssicht ändern? Im Beitrag schlagen die Autoren den Bogen von den Herausforderungen zu konkreten Lösungsansätzen.
Der Gesetzgeber sollte beim Thema Triage tätig werden
Authors: Rybak Christian
Published: October 2020

Am 16. Juli 2020 entschied das Bundesverfassungsgericht, dass der Gesetzgeber die Triage (vorerst) nicht regeln muss (Az. 1 BvR 1541/20). Allerdings zeigt die Entscheidung die rechtliche Kom-plexität dieser Thematik auf. An der notwendigen Rechtssicherheit fehlt es weiterhin.
Digitale Transformation: Pandemie sorgt für Rückenwind
Authors: Huesman-Koecke Sevilay
Published: October 2020

Die Covid-19-Krise hat die Digitalisierung der Gesundheitswirtschaft vorangetrieben. Wie sich der Innovationsschub langfristig nutzen lässt.
IT-Sicherheit: Schwachstellen-Management aus der Cloud
Authors: Geese Elmar
Published: October 2020

Cyberangriffe auf medizinische Einrichtungen haben oft fatale Folgen. Ein Vulnerability Management als Managed Security Service aus der Cloud kann auch ohne die Anschaffung spezieller Hard- oder Software für ein angemessenes Schutzniveau sorgen.
Impfstoffverteilung: Die Logistik steht noch nicht
Authors: Rößing Sabine
Published: October 2020

Sollte ein Impfstoff gegen Covid-19 tatsächlich bis zum Jahresende verfügbar sein, bleiben nur wenige Monate, um sichere Prozesse zur Verteilung aufzusetzen. Wie aber die Logistik kommender Massenimpfungen organisiert werden soll, scheint an vielen Stellen noch unklar.
17. DGIV-Bundeskongress: „Überwindung der Sektorengrenzen – Erkenntnisse aus der Corona-Krise“
Authors: Spitzer Stefan G.
Published: October 2020

Der 17. Bundeskongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Integrierte Versorgung im Gesundheitswesen e.V. (DGIV) wird als Präsenzveranstaltung am 29. Oktober 2020 im Hotel Aquino, Tagungszentrum Katholische Akademie, in Berlin stattfinden.
Corona-Taugliche Krankenhäuser: Wissenschaftlich fundierte Standards finden
Authors: Thalmayr Maria
Published: October 2020

Auch wenn wir uns das vor wenigen Monaten alle noch ganz anders vorgestellt und gewünscht haben: Das Corona-Virus wird nicht einfach so wieder verschwinden. Aktionismus, Improvisation, Versuch und Irrtum, die zu Beginn der Pandemie den Umgang mit dem Krankheitserreger dominierten, sollten deshalb so schnell wie möglich durch wissenschaftlich fundierte Standards für eine Zukunft mit Sars-CoV-2 ersetzt werden.
Existence, uniqueness, and stability of fractional hepatitis B epidemic model
Authors: Khan Amir , Hussain Ghulam , Inc Mustafa , Zaman Gul
Published: October 2020

This paper describes the existence and stability of the hepatitis B epidemic model with a fractional-order derivative in Atangana–Baleanu sense. Some new results are handled by using the Sumudu transform. The existence and uniqueness of the equilibrium solution are presented using the Banach fixed-point theorem. Moreover, sensitivity analysis complemented by simulations is performed to determine how changes in parameters affect the dynamical behavior of the system. The numerical simulations are carried out using a predictor-corrector scheme to demonstrate the obtained results.
Dielectronic recombination in non-LTE plasmas
Authors: Rosmej F. B. , Astapenko V. A. , Lisitsa V. S. , Vainshtein L. A.
Published: October 2020

Novel phenomena and methods related to dielectronic capture and dielectronic recombination are studied for non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) plasmas and for applications to non-LTE ionization balance. It is demonstrated that multichannel autoionization and radiative decay strongly suppress higher-order contributions to the total dielectronic recombination rates, which are overestimated by standard approaches by orders of magnitude. Excited-state coupling of dielectronic capture is shown to be much more important than ground-state contributions, and electron collisional excitation is also identified as a mechanism driving effective dielectronic recombination. A theoretical description of the effect of angular-momentum-changing collisions on dielectronic recombination is developed from an atomic kinetic point of view and is visualized with a simple analytical model. The perturbation of the autoionizing states due to electric fields is discussed with respect to ionization potential depression and perturbation of symmetry properties of autoionization matrix elements. The first steps in the development of statistical methods are presented and are realized in the framework of a local plasma frequency approach. Finally, the impact of collisional–radiative processes and atomic population kinetics on dielectronic recombination is critically discussed, and simple analytical formulas are presented.
Resistive switching behavior in epitaxial brownmillerite SrFeO2.5/Nb:SrTiO3 heterojunction
Authors: Nallagatla Venkata Raveendra , Jung Chang Uk
Published: October 2020

Epitaxial brownmillerite SrFeO2.5 thin films were deposited on conductive Nb-doped SrTiO3 single crystal (001) and (111)-oriented substrates using pulsed laser deposition, and their resistive switching behavior was investigated. In both the (001) and (111) device configuration, the bottom SrFeO2.5/Nb:SrTiO3 interface exhibited Ohmic behavior, while the top Au/BM-SrFeO2.5 interface displayed Schottky-like contact. Unfortunately, no resistive switching behavior was observed in the (001) devices, where the oxygen vacancy channels of SrFeO2.5 are ordered along the in-plane direction of the device. Conversely, the (111)-grown SrFeO2.5 thin films with out-of-plane oriented ordered oxygen vacancy channels displayed excellent resistive switching behavior with a high on/off ratio (∼104). The discrepancies between the (001) and (111) devices were explained in terms of their oxygen dynamics and corresponding topotactic phase transition in the SrFeO2.5 switching layer.