bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review of Biomass Wood Ash in Alkali-Activated Materials: Treatment, Application, and Outlook
Authors: Du Yiying , Pundienė Ina , Pranckevičienė Jolanta , Kligys Modestas , Girskas Giedrius , Korjakins Aleksandrs
Published: April 2024

The utilisation of Portland cement has aroused tremendous concerns owing to its production exerting a lot of pressure on the environment. Alternative eco-binders have been developed to replace it, among which alkali-activated materials (AAMs) have drawn great attention, especially due to the possibility of encompassing industrial and agricultural waste, which significantly improves the sustainability and cost-efficiency of the material. Biomass wood ash (BWA) is a by-product generated from power plants and, along with the advocation for biomass fuel as a renewable energy resource, there have been increasing applications of BWA in building and construction materials. This review examines the use of BWA as a precursor source in AAMs. Due to its low chemical and hydraulic reactivity, more active binary precursors are usually introduced to guarantee mechanical properties. Whereas the increment of BWA content can have a negative influence on material strength development, it is still a promising and feasible material, and new approaches should be developed to improve the effectiveness of its utilisation. Currently, study of BWA-based AAMs is still in the beginning stages and more research is needed to investigate the effects of BWA characteristics on the property evolution of AAMs, focusing on the durability and analysis of eco-efficiency. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the characterisation of BWA and its potential applications in AAMs, and meanwhile, based on the analysis of present research trends, proposes some prospective directions for future research.
Attitudes of Jordanian Anesthesiologists and Anesthesia Residents towards Artificial Intelligence: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Bsisu Isam , Alqassieh Rami , Aloweidi Abdelkarim , Abu-Humdan Abdulrahman , Subuh Aseel , Masarweh Deema
Published: April 2024

Success in integrating artificial intelligence (AI) in anesthesia depends on collaboration with anesthesiologists, respecting their expertise, and understanding their opinions. The aim of this study was to illustrate the confidence in AI integration in perioperative anesthetic care among Jordanian anesthesiologists and anesthesia residents working at tertiary teaching hospitals. This cross-sectional study was conducted via self-administered online questionnaire and includes 118 responses from 44 anesthesiologists and 74 anesthesia residents. We used a five-point Likert scale to investigate the confidence in AI’s role in different aspects of the perioperative period. A significant difference was found between anesthesiologists and anesthesia residents in confidence in the role of AI in operating room logistics and management, with an average score of 3.6 ± 1.3 among residents compared to 2.9 ± 1.4 among specialists (p = 0.012). The role of AI in event prediction under anesthesia scored 3.5 ± 1.4 among residents compared to 2.9 ± 1.4 among specialists (p = 0.032) and the role of AI in decision-making in anesthetic complications 3.3 ± 1.4 among residents and 2.8 ± 1.4 among specialists (p = 0.034). Also, 65 (55.1%) were concerned that the integration of AI will lead to less human–human interaction, while 81 (68.6%) believed that AI-based technology will lead to more adherence to guidelines. In conclusion, AI has the potential to be a revolutionary tool in anesthesia, and hesitancy towards increased dependency on this technology is decreasing with newer generations of practitioners.
Sustainable Composite Materials Based on Carnauba Wax and Montmorillonite Nanoclay for Energy Storage
Authors: Brychka Serhii , Brychka Alla , Hedin Niklas , Mondeshki Mihail
Published: April 2024

Sustainable composite materials, including carnauba wax, can store energy in the form of latent heat, and containing the wax may allow form-stable melting and crystallization cycles to be performed. Here, it is shown that carnauba wax in the molten state and the abundant nanoclay montmorillonite form stable composites with mass ratios of 50–70% (w/w). Transmission electron microscopy analysis reveals the inhomogeneous distribution of the nanoclay in the wax matrix. Analyses with infrared and multinuclear solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy prove the chemical inertness of the composite materials during preparation. No new phases are formed according to studies with powder X-ray diffraction. The addition of the nanoclay increases the thermal conductivity and prevents the leakage of the phase change material, as well as reducing the time intervals of the cycle of accumulation and the return of heat. The latent heat increases in the row 69.5 ± 3.7 J/g, 95.0 ± 2.5 J/g, and 107.9 ± 1.7 J/g for the composite materials containing resp. 50%, 60% and 70% carnauba wax. Analysis of temperature-dependent 13C cross-polarization solid-state NMR spectra reveal the enhanced amorphization and altered molecular dynamics of the carnauba wax constituents in the composite materials. The amorphization also defines changes in the thermal transport mechanism in the composites compared to pure wax at elevated temperatures.
Effect of Welding Current on Corrosion Resistance of Heat-Affected Zones of HDR Duplex Stainless Steel
Authors: Liu Xin , Hu Yulong , Liu Nian
Published: April 2024

This paper examines the corrosion behavior of the welding heat-affected zone (HAZ) of HDR (high chromium, duplex, corrosion-resistant) duplex stainless steel, which currently faces corrosion-related challenges in marine seawater systems. The corrosion behavior of the HAZ was studied using microstructure analysis, polarization curve experiments, and double-loop potentiodynamic reactivation experiments. The results show that (1) the covering welding current can promote the formation of austenite in the HAZ, and that the covering welding current has no strict correspondence with the formation of austenite; (2) increasing the welding gap properly can facilitate the formation of austenite; (3) increasing the covering welding current enhances the material’s pitting resistance, and a covering welding current of 70 A, coupled with a covering welding current of 100 A, represents a reasonable choice in terms of achieving a stronger pitting resistance; (4) in terms of intergranular corrosion resistance, increasing the covering welding current is not conducive to the intergranular corrosion resistance of the material, as the covering current will promote the precipitation of the secondary phase at the grain boundary, thus reducing its intergranular corrosion resistance; and (5) reducing the welding current appropriately contributes to improving the stability of the grain boundary.
Compressive Fracture Behavior of Zirconia/Resin Composites Prepared by Fused Deposition Modeling Combined with Vacuum Infiltration
Authors: Yang Xiaole , Guo Jinyu , Li Yuanbing , Yang Xianfeng
Published: April 2024

Although bioceramic materials exhibit good biocompatibilities and bone conductivities, their high brittleness and low toughness properties limit their applications. Zirconia (ZrO2)/resin composites with idealized structures and properties were prepared by fused deposition modeling (FDM) combined with a vacuum infiltration process. The porous structure was prepared using the FDM three-dimensional printing technology, with granular zirconia as the raw material, and the relationship between the pore shape, pore size, and deformation was discussed. The results showed that square pores were more suitable than honeycomb pores for printing small pore sizes, and the resolution was high. Scanning electron microscopy observations showed that the superposition of multiple printing paths promoted the emergence of hole defects. The effects of the resin and the pore shape on the compressive strengths of the composites were studied. It was found that the compressive strengths of the honeycomb pore ZrO2/resin composites and porous ceramics were superior to those of the square pore samples. The introduction of the resin had a significant effect on the compressive strengths of the composites. The compressive strength increased in the direction perpendicular to the pores, while it decreased in the direction parallel to the pores.
Mineral Mimetic Material Sr-Exchanged Sitinakite of Different Crystallinity: Phase Transformations during Heat Treatment and the Strength of SR Fixation in a Ceramic Matrix
Authors: Perovskiy Igor A. , Shushkov Dmitry A. , Ponaryadov Alexey V. , Kalashnikova Galina O. , Bazai Ayya V. , Bocharov Vladimir N. , Panikorovskii Taras L.
Published: April 2024

A simple method for the direct transformation of Sr-exchanged titanosilicate with the sitinakite structure (IONSIV) into ceramic material through cold pressing and subsequent sintering at 1100 °C for 4 h is presented. The temperature transformation of Sr-exchanged sitinakite showed the stages of recrystallization of the material with the formation of Sr-Ti phases matsubaraite (Sr4Ti5[Si2O7]2O8), jeppeite (SrTi6O13), tausonite (SrTiO3), and rutile. Leaching experiments showed the efficiency of fixation of Sr cations in a ceramic matrix; extraction into water does not exceed 0.01% and desorption in 1 M HNO3 solution is only 0.19% within three days. The leaching rates of immobilized Sr demonstrate the structural integrity of the formed phases in the ceramic (2.8 × 10−5–1.0 × 10−5 g/(m2·day). The decrease in the crystallinity of the initial Na-sitinakite, which is achieved by reducing the synthesis temperature from 250 to 210 °C, does not affect the sorption capacity and the fixation of cations in the ceramic matrix. The obtained results confirm the prospect of using inexpensive precursors, titanium ore enrichment waste, for the synthesis of sorption materials.
Thermal Conductivity and Sintering Mechanism of Aluminum/Diamond Composites Prepared by DC-Assisted Fast Hot-Pressing Sintering
Authors: Jia Jianping , Hei Xiaoxuan , Yang Xiao , Zhao Wei , Wang Yuqi , Zhuo Qing , Li Yuanyuan , Dong Hangyu , Liu Futian , Li Yingru , Yan Xiaoshan
Published: April 2024

A novel DC-assisted fast hot-pressing (FHP) powder sintering technique was utilized to prepare Al/Diamond composites. Three series of orthogonal experiments were designed and conducted to explore the effects of sintering temperature, sintering pressure, and holding time on the thermal conductivity (TC) and sintering mechanism of an Al-50Diamond composite. Improper sintering temperatures dramatically degraded the TC, as relatively low temperatures (≤520 °C) led to the retention of a large number of pores, while higher temperatures (≥600 °C) caused unavoidable debonding cracks. Excessive pressure (≥100 MPa) induced lattice distortion and the accumulation of dislocations, whereas a prolonged holding time (≥20 min) would most likely cause the Al phase to aggregate into clusters due to surface tension. The optimal process parameters for the preparation of Al-50diamond composites by the FHP method were 560 °C-80 MPa-10 min, corresponding to a density and TC of 3.09 g cm−3 and 527.8 W m−1 K−1, respectively. Structural defects such as pores, dislocations, debonding cracks, and agglomerations within the composite strongly enhance the interfacial thermal resistance (ITR), thereby deteriorating TC performance. Considering the ITR of the binary solid-phase composite, the Hasselman–Johnson model can more accurately predict the TC of Al-50diamond composites for FHP technology under an optimal process with a 3.4% error rate (509.6 W m−1 K−1 to 527.8 W m−1 K−1). The theoretical thermal conductivity of the binary composites estimated by data modeling (Hasselman–Johnson Model, etc.) matches well with the actual thermal conductivity of the sintered samples using the FHP method.
The Potential of Multi-Task Learning in CFDST Design: Load-Bearing Capacity Design with Three MTL Models
Authors: Wang Zhenyu , Zhou Jian , Peng Kang
Published: April 2024

Concrete-filled double steel tubes (CFDSTs) are a load-bearing structure of composite materials. By combining concrete and steel pipes in a nested structure, the performance of the column will be greatly improved. The performance of CFDSTs is closely related to their design. However, existing codes for CFDST design often focus on how to verify the reliability of a design, but specific design parameters cannot be directly provided. As a machine learning technique that can simultaneously learn multiple related tasks, multi-task learning (MTL) has great potential in the structural design of CFDSTs. Based on 227 uniaxial compression cases of CFDSTs collected from the literature, this paper utilized three multi-task models (multi-task Lasso, VSTG, and MLS-SVR) separately to provide multiple parameters for CFDST design. To evaluate the accuracy of models, four statistical indicators were adopted (R2, RMSE, RRMSE, and ρ). The experimental results indicated that there was a non-linear relationship among the parameters of CFDSTs. Nevertheless, MLS-SVR was still able to provide an accurate set of design parameters. The coefficient matrices of two linear models, multi-task Lasso and VSTG, revealed the potential connection among CFDST parameters. The latent-task matrix V in VSTG divided the prediction tasks of inner tube diameter, thickness, strength, and concrete strength into three groups. In addition, the limitations of this study and future work are also summarized. This paper provides new ideas for the design of CFDSTs and the study of related codes.
Impact of Surface States in Graphene/p-Si Schottky Diodes
Authors: Maccagnani Piera , Pieruccini Marco
Published: April 2024

Graphene–silicon Schottky diodes are intriguing devices that straddle the border between classical models and two-dimensional ones. Many papers have been published in recent years studying their operation based on the classical model developed for metal–silicon Schottky diodes. However, the results obtained for diode parameters vary widely in some cases showing very large deviations with respect to the expected range. This indicates that our understanding of their operation remains incomplete. When modeling these devices, certain aspects strictly connected with the quantum mechanical features of both graphene and the interface with silicon play a crucial role and must be considered. In particular, the dependence of the graphene Fermi level on carrier density, the relation of the latter with the density of surface states in silicon and the coupling between in-plane and out-of-plane dynamics in graphene are key aspects for the interpretation of their behavior. Within the thermionic regime, we estimate the zero-bias Schottky barrier height and the density of silicon surface states in graphene/type-p silicon diodes by adapting a kown model and extracting ideality index values close to unity. The ohmic regime, beyond the flat band potential, is modeled with an empirical law, and the current density appears to be roughly proportional to the electric field at the silicon interface; moreover, the graphene-to-silicon electron tunneling efficiency drops significantly in the transition from the thermionic to ohmic regime. We attribute these facts to (donor) silicon surface states, which tend to be empty in the ohmic regime.
Recycling of Industrial Waste as Soil Binding Additives—Effects on Soil Mechanical and Hydraulic Properties during Its Stabilisation before Road Construction
Authors: Waciński Witold , Kuligowski Ksawery , Olejarczyk Małgorzata , Zając Marek , Urbaniak Włodzimierz , Cyske Waldemar , Kazimierski Paweł , Tylingo Robert , Mania Szymon , Cenian Adam
Published: April 2024

To improve the in situ soil stabilization, different chemical additives are used (ion exchange compounds, additives based on H2SO4 or vinyl polymers, and organic additives using lignosulfonates). One interesting alternative is the production of additives from various waste materials. The extensive testing of waste-based blends with soil was performed; the mechanical (unconfined compressive strength (UCS)) and hydraulic (capillary rise, water absorption, and frost resistance (FR)) soil properties were measured. The optimization process led to obtaining additive compositions ensuring high strength and sealing properties: by-pass ash from the ceramics industry, waste H2SO4, pyrolytic waxes/oils from waste mixed plastics, waste tires and HDPE, and emulsion from chewing gum waste. For sandy soil, the following additives were the most promising: emulsion from pyrolytic wax (EPW) from waste PE foil (WPEF) with the addition of waste H2SO4, pyrolytic-oil emulsion from waste tires, EPW from waste mixed plastics with the addition of “by-pass” waste ash and NaOH, EPW from WPEF with the addition of NaOH, and EPW from WPEF reaching up to 93% FR, a 79.6% 7-day UCS increase, and a 27.6% of 28-day UCS increase. For clay: EPW from WPEF with the addition of NaOH, EPW from WPEF with the addition of waste H2SO4, and solely EPW from WPEF reaching up to 7.5% FR, an 80.7% 7-day UCS increase, and a 119.1% 28-day UCS increase.
Multi-Objective Portfolio Optimization Using a Quantum Annealer
Authors: Aguilera Esteban , de Jong Jins , Phillipson Frank , Taamallah Skander , Vos Mischa
Published: April 2024

In this study, the portfolio optimization problem is explored, using a combination of classical and quantum computing techniques. The portfolio optimization problem with specific objectives or constraints is often a quadratic optimization problem, due to the quadratic nature of, for example, risk measures. Quantum computing is a promising solution for quadratic optimization problems, as it can leverage quantum annealing and quantum approximate optimization algorithms, which are expected to tackle these problems more efficiently. Quantum computing takes advantage of quantum phenomena like superposition and entanglement. In this paper, a specific problem is introduced, where a portfolio of loans need to be optimized for 2030, considering ‘Return on Capital’ and ‘Concentration Risk’ objectives, as well as a carbon footprint constraint. This paper introduces the formulation of the problem and how it can be optimized using quantum computing, using a reformulation of the problem as a quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problem. Two QUBO formulations are presented, each addressing different aspects of the problem. The QUBO formulation succeeded in finding solutions that met the emission constraint, although classical simulated annealing still outperformed quantum annealing in solving this QUBO, in terms of solutions close to the Pareto frontier. Overall, this paper provides insights into how quantum computing can address complex optimization problems in the financial sector. It also highlights the potential of quantum computing for providing more efficient and robust solutions for portfolio management.
The Influence of Various Crosslinking Conditions of EDC/NHS on the Properties of Fish Collagen Film
Authors: Sionkowska Alina , Kulka-Kamińska Karolina , Brudzyńska Patrycja , Lewandowska Katarzyna , Piwowarski Łukasz
Published: April 2024

The process of crosslinking improves the physicochemical properties of biopolymer-based composites, making them valuable for biomedical applications. EDC/NHS-crosslinked collagen materials have a significant potential for tissue engineering applications, due to their enhanced properties and biocompatibility. Chemical crosslinking of samples can be carried out in several ways, which is crucial and has a direct effect on the final properties of the obtained material. In this study, the effect of crosslinking conditions on the properties of collagen films using EDC and NHS was investigated. Studies included FTIR spectroscopy, AFM, swelling and degradation tests, mechanical testing and contact angle measurements. Evaluation of prepared collagen films indicated that both crosslinking agents and crosslinking conditions influenced film properties. Notable alternations were observed in the infrared spectrum of the sample, to which EDC was added directly to the fish collagen solution. The same sample indicated the lowest Young modulus, tensile strength and breaking force parameters and the highest elongation at break. All samples reached the maximum swelling degree two hours after immersion in PBS solution; however, the immersion-crosslinked samples exhibited a significantly lower degree of swelling and were highly durable. The highest roughness was observed for the collagen film crosslinked with EDC, whereas the lowest was observed for the specimen crosslinked with EDC with NHS addition. The crosslinking agents increased the surface roughness of the collagen film, except for the sample modified with the addition of EDC and NHS mixture. All films were characterized by hydrophilic character. The films’ modification resulted in a decrease in their hydrophilicity and wettability. Our research allows for a comparison of proposed EDC/NHS crosslinking conditions and their influence on the physicochemical properties of fish collagen thin films. EDC and NHS are promising crosslinking agents for the modification of fish collagen used in biomedical applications.
Chemical Investigation of the Calcareous Marine Sponge Pericharax heteroraphis, Clathridine-A Related Derivatives Isolation, Synthesis and Osteogenic Activity
Authors: Jourdain de Muizon Capucine , Moriou Céline , Levasseur Marceau , Touboul David , Iorga Bogdan I. , Nedev Hristo , Van Elslande Elsa , Retailleau Pascal , Petek Sylvain , Folcher Eric , Bianchi Arnaud , Thomas Mireille , Viallon Solène , Peyroche Sylvie , Nahle Sarah , Rousseau Marthe , Al-Mourabit Ali
Published: April 2024

As a result of screening a panel of marine organisms to identify lead molecules for the stimulation of endochondral bone formation, the calcareous sponge Pericharax heteroraphis was identified to exhibit significant activity during endochondral differentiation. On further molecular networking analysis, dereplication and chemical fractionation yielded the known clathridine A-related metabolites 3–6 and the homodimeric complex (clathridine A)2 Zn2+ (9), together with the new unstable heterodimeric complex (clathridine A–clathridimine)Zn2+ (10). With the presence of the zinc complexes annotated through the LC-MS analysis of the crude extract changing due to the instability of some metabolites and complexes constituting the mixture, we combined the isolation of the predicted molecules with their synthesis in order to confirm their structure and to understand their reactivity. Interestingly, we also found a large quantity of the contaminant benzotriazoles BTZ (7) and its semi-dimer (BTZ)2CH2 (8), which are known to form complexes with transition metals and are used for preventing corrosion in water. All isolated 2-aminoimidazole derivatives and complexes were synthesized not only for structural confirmation and chemical understanding but to further study their bioactivity during endochondral differentiation, particularly the positively screened imidazolone derivatives. Compounds leucettamine B, clathridine A and clathridimine were found to increase type X collagen transcription and stimulate endochondral ossification in the ATDC5 micromass model.
The Metabolic and Lipidomic Fingerprint of Torin1 Exposure in Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts Using Untargeted Metabolomics
Authors: Robeyns Rani , Sisto Angela , Iturrospe Elias , da Silva Katyeny Manuela , van de Lavoir Maria , Timmerman Vincent , Covaci Adrian , Stroobants Sigrid , van Nuijs Alexander L. N.
Published: April 2024

Torin1, a selective kinase inhibitor targeting the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), remains widely used in autophagy research due to its potent autophagy-inducing abilities, regardless of its unspecific properties. Recognizing the impact of mTOR inhibition on metabolism, our objective was to develop a reliable and thorough untargeted metabolomics workflow to study torin1-induced metabolic changes in mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells. Crucially, our quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) protocols were designed to increase confidence in the reported findings by reducing the likelihood of false positives, including a validation experiment replicating all experimental steps from sample preparation to data analysis. This study investigated the metabolic fingerprint of torin1 exposure by using liquid chromatography—high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS)-based untargeted metabolomics platforms. Our workflow identified 67 altered metabolites after torin1 exposure, combining univariate and multivariate statistics and the implementation of a validation experiment. In particular, intracellular ceramides, diglycerides, phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, glutathione, and 5′-methylthioadenosine were downregulated. Lyso-phosphatidylcholines, lyso-phosphatidylethanolamines, glycerophosphocholine, triglycerides, inosine, and hypoxanthine were upregulated. Further biochemical pathway analyses provided deeper insights into the reported changes. Ultimately, our study provides a valuable workflow that can be implemented for future investigations into the effects of other compounds, including more specific autophagy modulators.
In Vivo, In Vitro and In Silico Anticancer Activity of Ilama Leaves: An Edible and Medicinal Plant in Mexico
Authors: Ramírez-Santos Jesica , Calzada Fernando , Ordoñez-Razo Rosa María , Mendieta-Wejebe Jessica Elena , Velázquez-Domínguez José Antonio , Argüello-García Raúl , Velázquez Claudia , Barbosa Elizabeth
Published: April 2024

Ilama leaves are an important source of secondary metabolites with promising anticancer properties. Cancer is a disease that affects a great number of people worldwide. This work aimed to investigate the in vivo, in vitro and in silico anticancer properties of three acyclic terpenoids (geranylgeraniol, phytol and farnesyl acetate) isolated from petroleum ether extract of ilama leaves. Their cytotoxic activity against U-937 cells was assessed using flow cytometry to determine the type of cell death and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Also, a morphological analysis of the lymph nodes and a molecular docking study using three proteins related with cancer as targets, namely, Bcl-2, Mcl-1 and VEGFR-2, were performed. The flow cytometry and histomorphological analysis revealed that geranylgeraniol, phytol and farnesyl acetate induced the death of U-937 cells by late apoptosis and necrosis. Geranylgeraniol and phytol induced a significant increase in ROS production. The molecular docking studies showed that geranylgeraniol had more affinity for Bcl-2 and VEGFR-2. In the case of farnesyl acetate, it showed the best affinity for Mcl-1. This study provides information that supports the anticancer potential of geranylgeraniol, phytol and farnesyl acetate as compounds for the treatment of cancer, particularly with the potential to treat non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Hirschfeld Surface Analysis of a New Cu(II) Complex and Its Role in Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Wang Li-Hua , Azam Mohammad , Yan Xi-Hai , Tai Xi-Shi
Published: April 2024

A new Cu(II) complex, [CuL1L2(CH3COO)2(H2O)]·H2O, was synthesized by the reaction of Cu(CH3COO)2·H2O, 6-phenylpyridine-2-carboxylic acid (HL1), and 4-[5-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]pyridine (L2) in ethanol-water (v:v = 1:1) solution. The Cu(II) complex was characterized using elemental analysis, IR, UV-vis, TG–DTA, and single-crystal X-ray analysis. The fluorescence properties of the copper complex were also evaluated. The structural analysis results show that the Cu(II) complex crystallizes in the triclinic system with space group P-1. The Cu(II) ion in the complex is five-coordinated with one O atom (O2) and one N atom (N1) from one 6-phenylpyridine-2-carboxylate ligand (L1), one N atom (N2) from 4-[5-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]pyridine ligand (L2), one O atom (O4) from acetate, and one O atom (O5) from a coordinated water molecule, and it adopts a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry. Cu(II) complex molecules form a two-dimensional layer structure through intramolecular and intermolecular O-H…O hydrogen bonding. The two-dimensional layer structures further form a three-dimensional network structure by π-π stacking interactions of aromatic rings. The analysis of the Hirschfeld surface of the Cu(II) complex shows that the H…H contacts made the most significant contribution (46.6%) to the Hirschfeld surface, followed by O…H/H…O, N…H/H…N and C…H/H…C contacts with contributions of 14.2%, 13.8%, and 10.2%, respectively. In addition, the photocatalytic CO2 reduction using Cu(II) complex as a catalyst is investigated under UV-vis light irradiation. The findings reveal that the main product is CO, with a yield of 10.34 μmol/g and a selectivity of 89.4% after three hours.
Vitamin D Inadequacy and Its Relation to Body Fat and Muscle Mass in Adult Women of Childbearing Age
Authors: Magalhães Paula Moreira , Cruz Sabrina Pereira da , Carneiro Orion Araújo , Teixeira Michelle Teixeira , Ramalho Andréa
Published: April 2024

To assess the correlation between vitamin D status and body composition variables in adult women of childbearing age, a cross-sectional study was conducted involving women aged 20–49 years. The participants were categorized based on their vitamin D status and further divided according to body mass index (BMI). Anthropometric and biochemical data were collected to compute body composition indices, specifically body fat and muscle mass. The sample included 124 women, with 63.70% exhibiting vitamin D inadequacy. Women with inadequate vitamin D status demonstrated a higher waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and body adiposity index (BAI), along with a lower BMI-adjusted muscle mass index (SMI BMI), compared to those with adequate levels of vitamin D (p = 0.021; p = 0.019; and p = 0.039, respectively). A positive correlation was observed between circulating concentrations of 25(OH)D and SMI BMI, while a negative correlation existed between circulating concentrations of 25(OH)D and waist circumference (WC), WHtR, conicity index (CI), fat mass index (FMI), body fat percentage (% BF), and fat-to-muscle ratio (FMR). These findings suggest that inadequate vitamin D status may impact muscle tissue and contribute to higher body adiposity, including visceral adiposity. It is recommended that these variables be incorporated into clinical practice, with a particular emphasis on WHtR and SMI BMI, to mitigate potential metabolic consequences associated with vitamin D inadequacy.
A Randomized Controlled Cluster Trial of an Obesity Prevention Program for Children with Special Health Care Needs: Methods and Implications
Authors: Natale Ruby , Schladant Michelle , Bloyer Martha H. , Hernandez Julieta , Palenzuela Joanne , Agosto Yaray , Peng Youmeizi , Messiah Sarah E.
Published: April 2024

Children with disabilities have higher prevalence estimates of obesity than typically developing children. The Healthy Caregivers–Healthy Children Phase 3 (HC3) project implemented an obesity prevention program adapted for children with special health care needs (CSHCN) that includes dietary intake and physical activity (PA) components. The primary outcome was a change in dietary intake, PA, and the body mass index (BMI) percentile. Ten childcare centers (CCCs) serving low-resource families with ≥30 2- to 5-year-olds attending were randomized to either the intervention (n = 5) or control (n = 5). The HC3 CCCs received (1) snack, beverage, PA, and screen time policies via weekly technical assistance; (2) adapted lesson plans for CSHCN; and (3) parent curricula. The control CCCs received a behavioral health attention curriculum. HC3 was delivered over three school years, with data collected at five different timepoints. It was delivered weekly for six months in year one. To ensure capacity building, the HC3 tasks were scaled back, with quarterly intervention delivery in year 2 and annually in year 3. Adaptations were made to the curriculum to ensure appropriate access for CSHCN. Given that the program was being delivered during the COVID-19 pandemic, special modifications were made to follow CDC safety standards. The primary outcome measures included the Environment and Policy Assessment and Observation (EPAO) tool, standardized dietary intake and PA assessments, and the child BMI percentile. CCCs are an ideal setting for targeting CSHCN for obesity prevention efforts as they provide an opportunity to address modifiable risk factors.
Myopia and Nutrient Associations with Age-Related Eye Diseases in Korean Adults: A Cross-Sectional KNHANES Study
Authors: Kim Jeong-Mee , Choi Yean-Jung
Published: April 2024

This study assessed the prevalence of myopia, cataracts, glaucoma, and macular degeneration among Koreans over 40, utilizing data from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VII, 2018). We analyzed 204,973 adults (44% men, 56% women; mean age 58.70 ± 10.75 years), exploring the association between myopia and these eye diseases through multivariate logistic regression, adjusting for confounders and calculating adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results showed a myopia prevalence of 44.6%, cataracts at 19.4%, macular degeneration at 16.2%, and glaucoma at 2.3%, with significant differences across ages and genders. A potential link was found between myopia and an increased risk of cataracts and macular degeneration, but not with glaucoma. Additionally, a higher dietary intake of carbohydrates, polyunsaturated and n-6 fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals correlated with lower risks of these diseases, underscoring the importance of the diet in managing and preventing age-related eye conditions. These findings highlight the need for dietary considerations in public health strategies and confirm myopia as a significant risk factor for specific eye diseases in the aging Korean population.
Sociodemographic Trends in Planetary Health Diets among Nutrition Students in Türkiye: Bridging Classroom to Kitchen
Authors: Navruz-Varlı Semra , Mortaş Hande , Çelik Menşure Nur
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to investigate the effects of sociodemographic parameters on healthy and sustainable nutrition in nutrition students. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 601 students. Researchers administered questionnaire forms to gather sociodemographic information such as age, gender, geographical region, residence area, accommodation, BMI, and income level. Participants’ 24 h dietary records were used to evaluate Healthy Eating Index-2020 (HEI-2020) and Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI). The mean PHDI scores of the Marmara (53.4 ± 14.9), Aegean (58.2 ± 18.3), Mediterranean (55.3 ± 15.5), and Black Sea (55.5 ± 15.7) regions, which are the coastal regions of Türkiye, were significantly higher than for the Central Anatolia region (46.7 ± 15.1). The PHDI and HEI-2020 score means of students living in metropolitan cities and rural areas were significantly higher than those living in urban areas (p < 0.05). Being in the 20–25 years age group increased the probability of being in a lower PHDI group (AOR 1.82; 95% CI 1.07:3.12; p = 0.028). While a similar result was found in the 20–25 years age group for HEI-2020, income level and gender did not have a statistically significant effect on these scores. Since students’ ages, geographical regions, and residence areas affect PHDI and HEI-2020, it is considered important to take these sociodemographic variables into consideration in guidelines and studies.
Reply to Shah, J.S.; Ramasamy, R. Target Antigens in Western and Line Immunoblots for Supporting the Diagnosis of Lyme Disease. Comment on “Porwancher et al. Immunoblot Criteria for Diagnosis of Lyme Disease: A Comparison of CDC Criteria to Alternative Interpretive Approaches. Pathogens 2023, 12, 1282”
Authors: Porwancher Richard , Levin Andrew , Trevejo Rosalie
Published: April 2024

We are writing in response to comments made by Shah and Ramasamy [...]
QTL for the Kinematic Traits That Define the Arabidopsis Root Elongation Zone and Their Relationship to Gravitropism
Authors: Henry Ashley R. , Miller Nathan D. , Spalding Edgar P.
Published: April 2024

Cell expansion in a discrete region called the elongation zone drives root elongation. Analyzing time lapse images can quantify the expansion in kinematic terms as if it were fluid flow. We used horizontal microscopes to collect images from which custom software extracted the length of the elongation zone, the peak relative elemental growth rate (REGR) within it, the axial position of the REGR peak, and the root elongation rate. Automation enabled these kinematic traits to be measured in 1575 Arabidopsis seedlings representing 162 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross of Cvi and Ler ecotypes. We mapped ten quantitative trait loci (QTL), affecting the four kinematic traits. Three QTL affected two or more traits in these vertically oriented seedlings. We compared this genetic architecture with that previously determined for gravitropism using the same RIL population. The major QTL peaks for the kinematic traits did not overlap with the gravitropism QTL. Furthermore, no single kinematic trait correlated with quantitative descriptors of the gravitropism response curve across this population. In addition to mapping QTL for growth zone traits, this study showed that the size and shape of the elongation zone may vary widely without affecting the differential growth induced by gravity.
Effect of Selenium and Garlic Extract Treatments of Seed-Addressed Lettuce Plants on Biofortification Level, Seed Productivity and Mature Plant Yield and Quality
Authors: Golubkina Nadezhda , Kharchenko Viktor , Moldovan Anastasia , Antoshkina Marina , Ushakova Olga , Sękara Agnieszka , Stoleru Vasile , Murariu Otilia Cristina , Tallarita Alessio Vincenzo , Sannino Maura , Caruso Gianluca
Published: April 2024

The enhancement of the plant seed yield and quality represents the basis of the successful productivity of the deriving crop. The effect of single and combined foliar treatments of lettuce plants with sodium selenate and garlic bulb extract on seed yield and quality and on mature plant biochemical characteristics was investigated using four lettuce cultivars (Bouquet, Picnic, Moskovsky parnikovy and Cavalier). The seed production of plants treated with Se increased by 20–41%, compared to the untreated control plants, while the augmentation was as much as 10–23% and 17–27% under garlic extract and the joint application of Se and garlic, respectively. Garlic extract stimulated the accumulation of Se in lettuce seeds, which rose by 1.21–1.29 times compared to the Se-treated plants. The proline levels in lettuce seeds exceeded the corresponding values recorded in the control ones by 1.32–1.64 times in the case of the Se supply, 1.10–1.47 times upon garlic extract application and 1.09–1.31 times under the combined Se/garlic treatment. All the treatments given to lettuce plants increased the leaf weight by 1.10–1.30 times, compared to the untreated control. The seed Se levels positively correlated with the leaf weight (r = 0.621; p < 0.005), chlorophyll (r = 0.672, p < 0.002) and total antioxidant activity (AOA; r = 0.730, p < 0.001) of plants grown from these seeds. Positive correlations were also recorded between the seed proline content and lettuce plant leaf weight, chlorophyll and AOA (r = 0.868, 0.811 and 0.815, respectively, at p < 0.001). Lettuce yield was positively correlated with the leaf AOA, chlorophyll and ascorbic acid content (r = 0.942, 0.921 and 0.665, respectively, at p < 0.001). The results indicate high prospects of Na2SeO4 and garlic extract application to seed-addressed lettuce plants, to improve seed productivity and quality, as well as lettuce yield and quality.
Improved Protein Removal Performance of PES Hollow-Fiber Ultrafiltration Membrane with Sponge-like Structure
Authors: Zhao Huyang , He Ting , Yao Shuang , Tao Long , Zhang Xinhai , Wang Zhaohui , Cui Zhaoliang , Chen Rizhi
Published: April 2024

The research used polyethersulfone (PES) as a membrane material, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) k30 and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) as water-soluble additives, and dimethylacetamide (DMAc) as a solvent to prepare hollow-fiber ultrafiltration membranes through a nonsolvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) process. The hydrophilic nature of PVP-k30 and PEG caused them to accumulate on the membrane surface during phase separation. The morphology, chemical composition, surface charge, and pore size of the PES membranes were evaluated by SEM, FTIR, zeta potential, and dextran filtration experiments. The paper also investigated how different spinning solution compositions affected membrane morphology and performance. The separation efficiency of membranes with four different morphologies was tested in single-protein and double-protein mixed solutions. The protein separation effectiveness of the membrane was studied through molecular weight cutoff, zeta potential, and static protein adsorption tests. In addition, the operating pressure and pH value were adjusted to improve ultrafiltration process conditions. The PES membrane with an intact sponge-like structure showed the highest separation factor of 11, making it a prime candidate membrane for the separation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme (LYS). The membrane had a minimal static protein adsorption capacity of 48 mg/cm2 and had excellent anti-fouling properties. When pH = 4, the BSA retention rate was 93% and the LYS retention rate was 23%. Furthermore, it exhibited excellent stability over a pH range of 1–13, confirming its suitability for protein separation applications.
Kinetic Assessment of Kraft and Thermally Upgraded Kraft Papers Aged in Five Alternative Dielectric Fluids
Authors: Méndez Cristina , Olmo Cristian , Renedo Carlos Javier , Ortiz Alfredo , García Diego
Published: April 2024

The lifespan of an electrical transformer, primarily determined by the condition of its solid insulation, is well known under various operating conditions when mineral oil is the coolant in these machines. However, there is a trend toward replacing this oil with biodegradable fluids, especially esters; therefore, an understanding of the ageing of solid insulation with these fluids is essential. Currently available data do not allow for the selection of the best ester among those available on the market, as each study applies different conditions, making it impossible to compare results. Thus, this paper analyses the degradation of Kraft and Thermally Upgraded Kraft papers with the following five most promising commercial esters: sunflower, rapeseed, soybean, palm, and synthetic. The materials underwent accelerated thermal ageing at 130, 150, and 170 °C, and the integrity of the papers was evaluated through their polymerisation degree and the obtaining of the degradation kinetic models. The wide range of materials studied in this work, which were subjected to the same treatments, allows for a comparison of the esters, revealing significant differences in the impact of the alternative fluids. Sunflower, rapeseed, and soybean esters provided the best paper protection, i.e., the degree of polymerisation of Kraft paper in the tests at 150 °C decreased by 71% with these fluids, compared to the 83% reduction with mineral oil, 79% reduction with palm ester, and 75% reduction with synthetic ester. Furthermore, different kinetic models were obtained to predict the degradation; it was concluded that the Emsley model provides the best fit. Additionally, it was found that the behaviour of a dielectric fluid with one type of paper cannot be extrapolated, which is only noticeable in broad-scope studies.
Compressive Mechanical Behavior and Corresponding Failure Mechanism of Polymethacrylimide Foam Induced by Thermo-Mechanical Coupling
Authors: Xing Zeyang , Cen Qianying , Wang Qingyou , Li Lili , Wang Zhigang , Liu Ling
Published: April 2024

Thermal–mechanical coupling during the molding process can cause compressive yield in the polymer foam core and then affect the molding quality of the sandwich structure. This work investigates the compressive mechanical properties and failure mechanism of polymethacrylimide (PMI) foam in the molding temperature range of 20–120 °C. First, the DMA result indicates that PMI foam has minimal mechanical loss in the 20~120 °C range and can be regarded as an elastoplastic material, and the TGA curve further proves that the PMI foam is thermally stable within 120 °C. Then, the compression results show that compared with 20 °C, the yield stress and elastic modulus of PMI foam decrease by 22.0% and 17.5% at 80 °C and 35.2% and 31.4% at 120 °C, respectively. Meanwhile, the failure mode changes from brittle fracture to plastic yield at about 80 °C. Moreover, a real representative volume element (rRVE) of PMI foam is established by using Micro-CT and Avizo 3D reconstruction methods, and the simulation results indicate that PMI foam mainly shows brittle fractures at 20 °C, while both brittle fractures and plastic yield occur at 80 °C, and most foam cells undergo plastic yield at 120 °C. Finally, the simulation based on a single-cell RVE reveals that the air pressure inside the foam has an obvious influence of about 6.7% on the yield stress of PMI foam at 80 °C (brittle–plastic transition zone).
TiO2—MoS2—PMMA Nanocomposites for an Efficient Water Remediation
Authors: Spanò Vanessa , Cantarella Maria , Zimbone Massimo , Giuffrida Federico , Sfuncia Gianfranco , Nicotra Giuseppe , Alberti Alessandra , Scalese Silvia , Vitiello Libera , Carroccio Sabrina Carola , Impellizzeri Giuliana
Published: April 2024

An improvement of water supply and sanitation and better management of water resources, especially in terms of water reuse, is one of the priorities of the European Green Deal. In this context, it is crucial to find new strategies to recycle wastewater efficiently in a low-cost and eco-friendly manner. The immobilization of inorganic nanomaterials on polymeric matrices has been drawing a lot of attention in recent years due to the extraordinary properties characterizing the as-obtained nanocomposites. The hybrid materials, indeed, combine the properties of the polymers, such as flexibility, low cost, mechanical stability, high durability, and ease of availability, with the properties of the inorganic counterpart. In particular, if the inorganic fillers are nanostructured photocatalysts, the materials will be able to utilize the energy delivered by light to catalyze chemical reactions for efficient wastewater treatment. Additionally, with the anchoring of the nanomaterials to the polymers, the dispersion of the nanomaterials in the environment is prevented, thus overcoming one of the main limits that impede the application of nanostructured photocatalysts on a large scale. In this work, we will present nanocomposites made of polymers, i.e., polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and photocatalytic semiconductors, i.e., TiO2 nanoparticles (Evonik). MoS2 nanoflakes were also added as co-catalysts to improve the photocatalytic performance of the TiO2. The hybrid materials were prepared using the sonication and solution casting method. The nanocomposites were deeply characterized, and their remarkable photocatalytic abilities were evaluated by the degradation of two common water pollutants: methyl orange and diclofenac. The relevance of the obtained results will be discussed, opening the route for the application of these materials in photocatalysis and especially for novel wastewater remediation.