bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Características reproductivas de Zenaida auriculata (Aves: Columbidae) en ambientes urbanos de la ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina
Authors: Barco Gabriel , Peralta Giovana , Díaz Adrián , Peluc Susana I.
Published: January 2024

El crecimiento urbano sobre áreas naturales transforma el paisaje y obliga a las especies a enfrentar nuevas condiciones del ambiente; solo algunas especies son capaces de tolerarlas y reproducirse. En Sudamérica, la paloma torcaza (Zenaida auriculata) puede explotar de manera eficiente los recursos y prosperar en diversos tipos de ambientes. En este estudio buscamos conocer características reproductivas de la especie relacionadas con el éxito y el incremento poblacional en un ambiente urbano. Entre 2017 y 2018, en la ciudad de Córdoba realizamos conteos estacionales de individuos adultos y buscamos y monitoreamos nidos de palomas torcazas a lo largo de transectas de ancho fijo. Monitoreamos 860 nidos y evaluamos la variación anual y el efecto de características del sitio de nidificación sobre el éxito reproductivo. Determinamos la densidad de nidos en el arbolado urbano y su variación a lo largo de un año, calculamos tasas de supervivencia diarias y de éxito reproductivo, el tiempo de duración del ciclo, los motivos principales del fallo de nidos, y los sustratos usados para nidificar. La tasa diaria de supervivencia fue 0.945 y el éxito reproductivo total fue 15%. El 68% de los nidos resultó fallido y la etapa más vulnerable resultó la de cría de pichones. La actividad reproductiva fue permanente a lo largo del año, con mayor actividad en el verano y una disminución en otoño, entre abril y junio; por su parte, el aporte de juveniles a la población presentó una tendencia similar. La abundancia de individuos adultos explicó significativamente el número de nidos activos. La integración de las variables aportadas por este estudio —e.g., los cambios en la abundancia de individuos adultos, las tasas de supervivencias de nidos, características de sitios de nidificación y la productividad— podría contribuir a desarrollar modelos matemáticos predictivos y modelos de dinámica viral, esenciales para acciones de manejo y estrategias de control sanitario.
Essential infantile esotropia
Authors:   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk Branch, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, Mamulat D.R. , Plisov I.L. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk Branch, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, Antsiferova N.G. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk Branch, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, Sharokhin M.A. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk Branch, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, Belousova K.A. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk Branch, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, Gladysheva G.V. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk Branch, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, Pushchina V.B. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk Branch, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Published: January 2024

Relevance. Essential infantile esotropia (EIE) is the most common type of childhood strabismus. The incidence of EIE varies on average from 0.1 to 1.0% in the general population of children, which is significant for timely diagnosis and provision of appropriate assistance to this category of patients. The exact etiology of infantile essential esotropia remains unknown, but historically a number of conflicting theories have been proposed. Purpose. To summarize the accumulated experience in the field of studying EIE to determine the optimal path to achieving the main goal of treatment – achieving orthoposition with the subsequent formation of binocular vision in this category of patients. Material and methods. To complete the review, a search of literature sources was carried out in the PubMed and Scopus abstract databases for the period up to 2022 inclusive. A total of 32 articles relevant to the review topic were selected and analyzed. Results. Having analyzed the literature data, we can conclude that today there is no unified classification of infant essential esotropia, but a certain symptom complex of clinical manifestations has been identified that are pathognomonic for this type of strabismus. Usually, EIE manifests in the first 6 months of life, appears a large horizontal esodeviation, may be accompanied by latent nystagmus, compensatory head rotation, and cross-fixation syndrome. This type of strabismus occurs in infants with normal age-related refraction and normal neurological status. The clinical approach to tactics and methods of treatment of infantile esotropia varies widely in the strabismus world. There are conflicting opinions regarding the following issues: the optimal timing for the operation, the most effective type of operation, and what determines the favorable outcome of the treatment of essential congenital esotropia. Conclusion. Many aspects of EIE remain controversial and poorly defined. To optimally realize the main goal of EIE treatment – achieving orthoposition with the subsequent formation of binocular vision – is a feasible task, which will soon find a solution. Key words: essential infantile esotropia, latent nystagmus, cross fixation syndrome, binocular vision
Assessment of intraoperative fluid misdirection syndrome risk factors according to anatomical and topographical features of anterior segment
Authors:   Eye Microsurgery Center, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Rebrikov I.S. , Egorova E.V. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk Branch, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, Rebrikova A.S. ,   Ural State Medical University, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Lizunov A.V. ,   Eye Microsurgery Center, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Titarenko E.M. ,   Eye Microsurgery Center, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
Published: January 2024

Relevance. Despite continuous improvement in cataract surgery technology, intraoperative fluid misdirection syndrome remains an underestimated problem. Purpose. To evaluate intraoperative fluid misdirection syndrome clinical manifestation in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXS) and without it; to assess intraoperative fluid misdirection syndrome risk factors according to anatomical and topographical features of anterior segment. Material and methods. There were two groups of patients who underwent phacoemulsification in the prospective study. Study group (50 eyes) included patients with complicated cataract, PXS and drug-induced mydriasis less than 6 mm. Control group (50 eyes) included patients with senile cataract, no PXS and drug-induced mydriasis more than 6 mm were enrolled in the control group. Clinical examination of patients included optical biometry, pupillometry using rotational Scheimpflug imaging, ultrasound biomicroscopy for evaluation of iris thickness and sectional area of posterior chamber under drug-induced mydriasis. Results. The average pupil diameter in 1 hour after instillation of mydriatics was 5.46±0.46 mm in the study group and 6.6±0.43 mm in the control group. The sectional area of posterior chamber was 0.67±0.28 mm² and iris thickness – 0.53±0.05 mm in the study group. The sectional area of posterior chamber was 0.43±0.15 mm² and iris thickness – 0.64±0.07 mm in the control group. The results revealed positive correlation between pupil diameter and iris thickness, and negative correlation between pupil diameter, iris thickness and sectional area of posterior chamber. Lens floaters were determined after phacoemulsification in 9 eyes (18%) in the study group and in 3 eyes (6%) in the control group. The results showed statistically significant difference between groups (p≤0.05). Conclusion. Lens floaters in the retrolental space as one of the main manifestations of the intraoperative fluid misdirection syndrome were observed in 18% patients of study group and in 6% patients of control group (p≤0.05). Combination of PXS and drug-induced mydriasis less than 6 mm is considered to be the predictive factor of intraoperative fluid misdirection syndrome. Key words: intraoperative fluid misdirection syndrome, pseudoexfoliation syndrome, anterior vitreous face
A combined technique of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy. First experience
Authors:   Eye Microsurgery Center, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Shlyakhtov M.I. , Naumov K.G. ,   Eye Microsurgery Center, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Kataev M.G. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: January 2024

Purpose. To develop a delicate method of dacryorhinostomy formation during endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) based on modern less traumatic techniques allowing better results with lower complications rate. Material and methods. Surgical treatment of patients suffering from chronic dacryocystitis with nasolacrimal duct obstruction was performed. Nasolacrimal anastomosis formation was performed using modern energy methods during steps of endoscopic DCR. Totally, 16 patients were treated, ten females and six males. Mean age was 67 years. Mean follow-up period was 6 months. Results. In all patients an adequate nasolacrimal anastomosis was formed. During surgery there was no one case of damage to the lateral wall of the lacrimal sac (LS) or significant intra- and postoperative bleeding. Functional success was marked in 93.75% (15/16) of cases. In 6.25% (1/16) there was a postoperative granuloma in the rhinostomy region which prevented tear passage. Conclusion. A combination of controlled low-temperature ablation of nasal mucous, ultrasound bone destruction and laser dissection of the medial wall of the LS allows creation of an adequate nasolacrimal anastomosis, makes surgery significantly quicker and easier, enables better soft tissues healing in shorter terms. Key words: chronic dacryocystitis, endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy, coblation, ultrasound, laser
Betaherpetic keratitis. Substantiation of diagnosis and patient management tactics
Authors:   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation, Tarkhanova A.A. , Maychuk D.Y. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation, Zinych E.Е. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation, Taevere M.R. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: January 2024

Relevance. This publication presents an algorithm for the management of patients with recurrent keratitis associated with betaherpesviruses and outlines the possibilities of laboratory and instrumental diagnostics. Purpose. To systemize the algorithm for the management of patients with superficial keratitis associated with betaherpesviruses confirmed by confocal microscopy. Material and methods. A group of 21 patient (21 eye) with superficial keratitis associated with betaherpesviruses was under observation during 12 months. The diagnosis was made on the basis of confocal microscopy results, clinical picture and results of laboratory tests. Each patient received a two-stage treatment with nucleoside analogues locally and systemically; treatment with anti-inflammatory and reparative medicine. Results. Remission as a result of the treatment was achieved in 20 of the 21 patients. Conclusion.The only reliable diagnostic method of keratitis associated with betaherpesviruses is a confocal microscopy, with identification of betaherpesvirus specific «owl's eye» cells. In view of frequent recurrence leading to increase of cornea opacity area, therapy of keratitis associated with betaherpesviruses requires a two-stage treatment. In first stage it is mandatory to prescribe increased dosages of nucleoside analogues, second stage requires prescription of local glucocorticoids and long-term reparative treatment. Key words: keratitis, herpesviruses, cytomegalovirus, human herpesvirus 6, «owl's eye» cells
Application of Sharia Economic Principles of Qardh Agreements to E-Commerce: Study of Shopee Paylater Transactions
Authors: Mufidatul Himmah  , Sania
Published: January 2024

The presence of the Shopee application with the paylater feature is proof of world development in the field of technology that can provide convenience for consumers in shopping from anywhere and anytime. The provision of limits in technical payments can certainly also make it easier for consumers when shopping when they don't have money, by using the predetermined limit. This research aims to discuss the synchronization of the qard contract in Islamic transactions with the OJK protection system for Shopee pay later, which is often a topic of discussion for usury transactions. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative, which describes the results of the research using explanations in words in detail or detail so that readers can understand the discussion that the researcher will raise through online research to find theories and use them wisely. This research is directed and focused on discussing library materials in the form of journals. The results of this research explain that shopee paylater is called qardh or loan contract. Shopee paylater which stipulates fines for late payments shows usury. This shows that there is continuous usury when users are late in paying bills that are due. Therefore, as smart consumers, we must be careful when using the Shopee PayLater feature to avoid delays in payments and usury.
REGIONAL STUDIES AS A CONDITION FOR THE TRANSFORMATION OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE MAJORS IN CHINESE UNIVERSITIES
Authors: Lupeng Zhang , Xiao Wei
Published: January 2024

Chinese regional studies is an interdisciplinary science that studies the geographical location of foreign countries and regions. Chinese regional studies dates back to the founding of the People’s Republic of China; over several years of its development, it emerged as an independent and structured discipline. Due to the international situation, as well as the problems of foreign language majors themselves and the influence of artificial intelligence, foreign language specialists are facing unprecedented challenges. At the same time, increasing the level of regional studies opens up great opportunities for improving the work of universities specialising in teaching foreign languages. Promoting the integration of foreign language specialties and regional studies is an effective means of transforming foreign language universities.
SOCIAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CURRENT PROBLEMS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Authors: Nazarova Yuliya V.
Published: January 2024

The development of artificial intelligence technologies is an important condition for the formation of a digital society. However, according to a number of AI developers and researchers, this process can lead to catastrophic changes in the social, economic, and political spheres. The article discusses modern points of view on the risks of AI development: analyses the opinions of AI developers about the possible risks of technology development, describes the directions of philosophical research in AI, analyses forecasts of the social consequences of technology development. The scientific novelty lies in the integrated approach to considering the problem, based on the analysis of the social and ethical risks of AI. The article shows that at the moment the main means of preventing the risks of AI is to improve the system of its ethical and legal regulation. As a result, conclusions are drawn about the possible prospects for the development of the most complex problems of AI in the socio-philosophical context.
DIAGNOSTICS OF PROFESSIONAL DEFICITS OF PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS WHEN TEACHING TO WORK WITH TEXT
Authors: Gusevskaya Olga V. , Boykina Marina V. , Bubnova Inna A.
Published: January 2024

The article highlights the significance of professional competence among educators under the new approach to the construction of educational standards. The authors emphasise, using the example of teaching younger students to create oral and written texts, the necessity of identifying professional deficits among primary school teachers, understanding the reasons for their occurrence, and developing a strategy for overcoming these deficits through additional professional development. The article characterises the diagnostic tools, course and results of the research. Conclusions are drawn, and recommendations are formulated.
DEFORMATION REGIMES OF FLUID-SATURATED RESERVOIRS UNDER SEISMIC IMPACT ACCORDING TO PRECISION HYDROGEOLOGICAL MONITORING DATA (A REVIEW)
Authors: Петухова С.М. , Горбунова Э.М.
Published: January 2024

Исследованию механизмов деформирования флюидонасыщенных коллекторов посвящено большое количество научных работ. Данные дистанционного прецизионного гидрогеологического мониторинга позволяют объективно оценивать фильтрационные свойства флюидонасыщенных коллекторов. Реакция системы «пласт - скважина» на атмосферное давление, земные приливы и прохождение сейсмических волн от землетрясений проявляется в виде осцилляций уровня подземных вод, косейсмических и постсейсмических эффектов. Гидрогеологические отклики на квазистационарные факторы соответствуют пороупругому деформированию массива горных пород. Эпизодическое сейсмическое воздействие может приводить как к пороупругой, так и к неупругой реакции флюидонасыщенного коллектора. В ближней зоне землетрясений, в области статических напряжений, установлено скачкообразное (ступенчатое) изменение проницаемости, которое может быть связано с различными механизмами. К ним относятся разжижение дисперсного грунта, дилатансия - трещинообразование на контакте пород с разными прочностными характеристиками и другие. В промежуточной и дальней зонах, области динамических напряжений, длиннопериодные колебания, вызванные прохождением поперечных и поверхностных волн, могут приводить к кольматации/декольматации микротрещин и вариациям проницаемости. Формирование целостного представления о режиме деформирования массива горных пород при сейсмическом воздействии направлено на прогнозную оценку возможных изменений фильтрационных свойств флюидонасыщенных коллекторов.

A large volume of scientific papers is devoted to the study of the deformation mechanisms of fluid-saturated reservoirs. Precision hydrogeological monitoring data allows to objectively assess filtration properties of fluid-saturated reservoirs. The reaction of the «reservoir-well» system to atmospheric pressure, Earth tides and the propagation of earthquakes seismic waves can occur in the form of the groundwater level oscillations, coseismic and postseismic effects. Hydrogeological responses to quasi-stationary factors are determined by poroelastic deformation of the rock mass. Episodic seismic impact can lead to both poroelastic and inelastic reaction of a fluid-saturated reservoir. In the near-field zone of earthquakes, in the area of static stresses, an abrupt (step-like) change of permeability has been established, which may be associated with various mechanisms. These include liquefaction of dispersed soil, dilatancy - crack formation at the contact zone of rocks with different strength characteristics, and others. In the intermediate and distant zones, areas of dynamic stresses, long-period oscillations caused by the passage of shear and surface waves can lead to microcracks clogging/unclogging and variations of permeability. The formation of a holistic view of the deformation regime of a rock mass under seismic impact is aimed to predictpossible changes of the fluid-saturated reservoirs filtration properties.
LABORATORY MODELING OF ROCK FRAGMENTS’ DISPLACEMENTS DURING EARTHQUAKES
Authors: Родкин М.В. , Шарафиев З.З.
Published: January 2024

Получение точной оценки сейсмической опасности затруднено краткостью интервалов времени, за которые имеются сейсмические данные, по сравнению с периодом повторяемости сильных землетрясений. Решение проблемы дают методы палеосейсмологии. Одним из них, возможно наиболее экономичным является метод оценки максимальных скоростей смещения грунта при сильных палеоземлетрясениях (PGVEM). Метод основан на интерпретации полевых наблюдений о предположительно сейсмогенных смещениях скальных отдельностей. Для уточнения метода PGVEM проведена серия экспериментов. Для ряда типичных грунтовых условий получен разброс ожидаемых величин смещений и показана возможность возникновения эмпирически наблюдаемых случаев аномально больших смещений блоков в случае замены режима трения скольжения на смещение блоков за счет их опрокидывания и переворачивания. Проведенные эксперименты позволяют предложить ряд рекомендаций по уточнению применения метода PGVEM.

Obtaining an accurate assessment of seismic hazard is complicated by the short time intervals for which seismic data are available, compared to the recurrence period of strong earthquakes. The problem can be solved by methods of paleoseismology. One of them, probably the most economical, is the method for estimating of peak ground velocities during strong paleo-earthquakes (PGVEM). The method is based on the interpretation of field observations of presumably seismogenic displacements of rock units. A series of laboratory modeling experiments were carried out to refine the error of the PGVEM method. For typical ground conditions the scatter of rock pieces displacements was examined, and the possibility of empirically observed cases of anomalously large displacements of rock blocks was indicated. Such cases can occur in the case of replacement of the sliding friction mode by displacement due to overturning of rock fragments. The conducted experiments allow us to propose a few recommendations to refine the application of the PGVEM method in field condition.
From Gel to Crystal: Mechanism of HfO2 and ZrO2 Nanocrystal Synthesis in Benzyl Alcohol
Authors: Goossens Eline , Aalling-Frederiksen Olivia , Tack Pieter , Van den Eynden Dietger , Walsh--Korb Zarah , Jensen Kirsten , De Buysser Klaartje , De Roo Jonathan
Published: January 2024

Nonaqueous sol-gel syntheses have been used to make many types of metal oxide nanocrystals. According to the current paradigm, nonaqueous syntheses have slow kinetics, thus favoring the thermodynamic (crystalline) product. Here we investigate the synthesis of hafnium (and zirconium) oxide nanocrystals from the metal chloride in benzyl alcohol. We follow the transition from precursor to nanocrystal through a combination of rheology, EXAFS, NMR, TEM and X-ray total scattering (PDF analysis). Upon dissolving the metal chloride precursor, the exchange of chloride ligands for benzylalkoxide liberates HCl. The latter catalyzes the etherification of benzyl alcohol, eliminating water. During the temperature ramp to the reaction temperature (220 °C), sufficient water is produced to turn the reaction mixture into a macroscopic gel. Rheological analysis shows a network consisting of strong interactions with temperature dependent restructuring. After a few minutes at the reaction temperature, crystalline particles emerge from the gel, and nucleation and growth are complete after 30 minutes. In contrast, four hours are required to obtain the highest isolated yield, which we attribute to the slow in situ formation of water (the extraction solvent). We used our mechanistic insights to optimize the synthesis, achieving high yields with a reduced reaction time. In summation, our results oppose the idea that nonaqueous sol-gel syntheses necessarily form crystalline products slowly, without a transient gel state.
Multi-task ADME/PK Prediction at Industrial Scale: Leveraging Large and Diverse Experimental Datasets
Authors: Walter Moritz , Borghardt Jens Markus , Humbeck Lina , Skalic Miha
Published: January 2024

ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion) properties are key parameters to judge whether a drug candidate exhibits a desired pharmacokinetic (PK) profile. In this study, we tested multi-task machine learning (ML) models to predict ADME and animal PK endpoints trained on in-house data generated at Boehringer Ingelheim. Models were evaluated both at the design stage of a compound (i.e., no experimental data of test compounds available) and at testing stage when a particular assay would be conducted (i.e., experimental data of earlier conducted assays may be available). Using realistic time-splits, we found a clear benefit in performance of multi-task graph-based neural network models over single-task models, which was even stronger when experimental data of earlier assays is available. In an attempt to explain the success of multi-task models, we found that especially endpoints with the largest numbers of data points (physicochemical endpoints, clearance in microsomes) are responsible for increased predictivity in more complex ADME and PK endpoints. In summary, our study provides insight into how data for multiple ADME/PK endpoints in a pharmaceutical company can be best leveraged to optimize predictivity of ML models.
EFFECT OF PINCHING ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF MARIGOLD
Authors: chandio Sagar Raza , Meghwar Mehtab Rai , Shar Ali Bux , Ali Wagan Maqsood , Shar Izhar Ahmed
Published: January 2024

The experiment was conducted at department of Horticulture, Sindh Agriculture University Tando Jam, Sindh, Pakistan, to evaluate the effect of pinching on growth and yield of marigold. The experiment was conducted in Randomized complete block Design (RCBD). The study comprised of six different pinching treatments including T1= Control-No pinching, T2= Pinching after 10 days of transplanting, T3= pinching after 15 days of transplanting, T4= Pinching after 20 days of transplanting, T5= pinching after 25 days of transplanting, T6= pinching after 30 days of transplanting each treatment was replicated three times. The results indicated a significant effect of the pinching treatments observations were recorded for plant height (cm), number of flower per plant, number of branches per plant, fresh biomass of flower (g), flower diameter (cm), number of leaves per plant. It was found that all studied attributes were statically significant (P<0.05) and influenced by pinching. The maximum plant height (18.63 cm) was obtained from T5=pinching after 25 days of transplanting, pinching after 30 days of transplanting T6 produced maximum number of flower per plant (23.71), and maximum branches per plant (4.74), maximum fresh biomass of flower (7.04 g) were observed at T5= pinching after 25 days of transplanting, followed by T6 = pinching after 30 days of transplanting (6.5 g). Pinching after 30 days of transplanting T6 resulted in diameter of flower cm (14.800), and maximum number of leaves per plant (390.39), and minimum plant height (10.4 cm), minimum number of flower per plant (15.31) minimum number of branches per plant (2.95) minimum fresh biomass of flower (3.73 g) minimum flower diameter (9.340) cm, and the minimum number of leaves per plant (243.26) was observed from the T1 Control-No pinching.
EMERGING TECHNOLOGICAL INSIGHTS, HOTSPOTS CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DRIVING PATHWAYS FOR WHOLE PROCESS MAIZE MECHANIZATION IN NEPAL
Authors: Khatri Shailendra , Shrestha Shreemat
Published: January 2024

Globally, mechanization has been recognized as a key means to increase the agricultural production and modernize the agriculture. Although the use of improved varieties has increased substantively since a decade, the use of land and labor saving technologies specifically mechanization and adoption of improved management practice, has lagged behind in Nepal. Thus, this study explores the current maize production status, past and present developmental effort on mechanization, and provides outlook on the currently available tools, equipment and machines for whole process maize mechanization (an array of available technologies from land preparation to post-harvest operation). Finally, we pointed out the mechanization hindering factors and gaps, and suggested the future driving paths along with potential emerging technologies that can have impact on future maize mechanization of Nepal. Though, there has been increase in the use of machines in Nepalese agriculture mostly in tillage and shelling for maize, yet use of machines is very limited in rest of the operations (for example, harvesting). To succeed the mechanization roadmaps, it is necessary to unify research and development efforts on need based technologies referring agro-ecological, socioeconomic and technical conditions; strengthen extension and credit services for adaptation and investment; formulate or implement quality inspection policy/program effectively; provide constant technical backstopping for institutional and community capacity building; upsurge awareness; establish provincial level mechanization centre and local level mechanization unit immediately; create community or contract farming schemes; promote custom hiring in business model considering the local level need; provide training, education and subsidies to the deserving farmers irrespective of their political attachment; assure timely availability of genuine spare parts and maintenance services; and form public-private partnerships for sustainable agricultural mechanization.
EMPOWERING FUTURES: AN IN-DEPTH STUDY OF LIFE INSURANCE DEMAND IN NIGERIA
Authors: Obiki-Osafiele Anwuli Nkemchor , Ikwue Uneku , Eyo-Udo Nsisong Louis , Daraojimba Chibuike
Published: January 2024

This study investigates the factors influencing Nigeria’s demand for life insurance policies. Through a comprehensive review of relevant literature, the research establishes objectives centered on assessing the awareness of life insurance policies among Nigerians, examining the relationship between awareness and policy demand, and identifying barriers to life insurance contract adoption. Employing a sample survey research design, the study focuses on present and potential life insurance policyholders associated with registered insurance companies in Lagos State. Using convenience sampling, 200 respondents were selected based on their insurance awareness, policy type, and ownership duration. The findings underscore the impact of insurance awareness on policy demand and highlight factors like age, health status, income, occupation, family size, and education affecting low patronage. Media plays a crucial role in awareness creation, yet trust issues and limited knowledge hinder industry growth. The study concludes with recommendations to address income-based barriers, conduct aggressive awareness campaigns, and enhance customer understanding of life insurance benefits.
CITRUS GREENING: A MAJOR THREAT TO CITRUS GROWERS IN NEPAL
Authors: Pandey Srijana , Shrestha Arjun Kumar
Published: January 2024

Citrus is a high-value horticultural crop belonging to the family Rutaceae, contributing 27.27% of the total fruit area in Nepal. In recent years, citrus decline has been a multifaceted issue for most of the citrus growers, with abated production and productivity. Among the various causes of citrus decline, citrus greening is considered the most devastating, rapidly expanding, and highly incurable disease, which has wreaked havoc on the citrus industry across the globe. Citrus psylla is the major insect vector to spread this malady worldwide. There are still no proper strategies to cope with the impact of citrus greening. However, integrated pest management strategies could be adopted in Nepal like the use of tolerant rootstocks, a proper quarantine system, guava intercropping, nutrient management, the use of yellow sticky traps, and vector control methods to reduce the greening infestation in citrus trees. This study aims to review all the relevant information regarding citrus greening, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and management practices that are pivotal for citrus growers.
ASSESSMENT OF OPTIMAL SOWING TIME OF SEED PRODUCTION OF BJRI DESHI PAT-10 UNDER GANGES TIDAL FLOODPLAIN OF BANGLADESH
Authors: Imran Ali Md. , Monira Sirajam , Kumar Tapan , Islam Syed Najrul , Kabir Himel Md. Alfatun , Islam Md. Asraful
Published: January 2024

An investigation was conducted at Jute Research Substation, Kalapara, Patuakhali from July 2022 to February, 2023 to find out the appropriate sowing time for BJRI Deshi pat-10. The study consisted of five different sowing time at 15 days interval starting from 1 July to 15 September by following Randomized Complete Block Design with three trials. Sowing date had substantial impact on growth, yield attributes, seed yield and quality of BJRI Deshi pat-10. The maximum plant population (563.33), base diameter (6.54 mm), branch plant-1 (5.20), seeds pod-1 (37.80), seed yield (677.00 kg ha-1), and percentage germination (98.00 %) were recorded in 16 July. After 16 July, decreasing trends of all parameters were recorded in the investigation. The least results were recorded at 15 September sowing treatments. BJRI Deshi pat-10 is the light sensitive crop, after subsequently reduced in day length, the seed yield and quality were hampered. Finally, it would be summarized that the sowing BJRI Deshi pat-10 at 16 July will be better practice for attaining maximum seed yield and ensuring quality of seed.
The Moa the Merrier: Resolving when the Dinornithiformes went extinct
Authors: Foxon Floe
Published: January 2024

The Moa (Aves: Dinornithiformes) are an extinct group of the ratite clade from New Zealand. The overkill hypothesis asserts that the first New Zealand settlers hunted the Moa to extinction by 1450 CE, whereas the staggered survival hypothesis allows for Moa survival until after Europeans began to arrive on New Zealand. Alleged Moa sightings post-1450 CE may shed light on these competing hypotheses. A dataset of 97 alleged Moa sightings from circa 1675 CE to 1993 CE was constructed, with sightings given subjective quality ratings corresponding to various statistical probabilities. Cumulative probabilities of Moa persistence were calculated with a conservative survival model using these probabilistic sighting-records; a method recently applied to sightings of the Thylacine. Cumulative persistence probability fell sharply after 1408 CE, and across pessimistic and optimistic variations of the model, it was more likely than not that the Moa were extinct by 1770 CE. Probabilistic sighting-record models favour the overkill hypothesis, and give very low probabilities of Moa persistence around the time of European arrival. Eyewitness data on Moa sightings are amenable to scientific study, and these methods may be applied to similar animals.
Evaluation of oral health status for a group of orthodontic patients
Authors:   Department of Pathology and Forensic Dentistry, College of Medicine, University of Diyala, Diyala, Iraq, Nihad Muhamed Al-Mujamaii Karrar , Ali Ahmed Hentati Hajer , Hafidh Taha Zainab , Salim Altaee Abdulhameed
Published: January 2024

Background: Malocclusion and fixed orthodontic appliance convoluted the ordinary oral hygiene measures, which may lead to accumulation and prolonged retention of dental plaque on tooth surfaces particularly around the orthodontic brackets and auxiliaries of the fixed orthodontic appliance. Objective: To evaluate the oral health status among a group of orthodontic patients by evaluating the plaque, gingival, calculus, and Enamel Decalcification indices. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted among 128 persons (64 with fixed orthodontic appliance as a study group and 64 without fixed orthodontic appliance as a control group. An assessment of related clinical parameters as plaque, gingival, as well as enamel decalcification indices were done. Results: The present study revealed that the mean plaque, gingival, as well as enamel decalcification indices for the total sample were (1.182±0.356), (1.230±0.269), and (1.329±0.413) respectively. Additionally, all of these indices were higher among study group (fixed orthodontic patient) than among control group (persons without orthodontic appliance) with statistically significant difference among groups for each. Conclusion: Fixed orthodontic appliance is an effective plaque retentive factor that accumulate dental plaque which is the main causative factor for development of enamel white spot lesion and periodontal disease. Keywords: Oral health status, Fixed orthodontic appliance, white spot lesion, periodontal disease.
ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ И МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ ВОПРОСЫ РАЗВИТИЯ SOFT SKILLS У БУДУЩИХ СПЕЦИАЛИСТОВ ПО СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЕ НА этапе профессионального обучения в университете
Authors: Омарова Камила Абдурашидовна , Зубаилова Заира Исламовна
Published: January 2024

Цель работы. Исследовать различные подходы к определению и содержанию предметного поля понятия «soft skills», обосновать важность развития «гибких навыков» у студентов – будущих специалистов по социальной работе и определение наиболее эффективных методов и технологий их развития. Актуальность проблемы обусловлена тем, что, несмотря на активное обсуждение проблемы развития soft skills у студентов в отечественной и зарубежной литературе, уровень их развития очень низкий и требует детализации в определении их детерминант и научно и практически обоснованных методов и технологий развития метапредметных навыков личностного развития. Методы исследования. В исследовании использовались теоретические методы (сравнительно-сопоставительный анализ проблемного поля объекта исследования в отечественной и зарубежной литературе), методы педагогического наблюдения процесса и результатов сформированности soft skills обучающихся в условиях внеучебной проектной и социально-полезной практики у студентов – будущих специалистов по социальной работе, в том числе и с использованием автоматизированных диагностических тестовых процедур. Результаты. Уточнено понятие «soft skills» и его содержательные компоненты. Обоснована важность развития универсальных, неспециализированных навыков, которые повышают эффективность профессионального и личного взаимодействия с другими людьми. Определены наиболее продуктивные формы развития «гибких навыков» у выпускников университета, позволяющие обеспечить в последующем более быструю адаптацию к требованиям работодателей на рынке труда. Обоснована успешность использования проектного и тренингового подхода в развитии soft skills у студенческой молодежи. Область применения результатов. Материалы можно использовать для теоретико-методического обоснования учебных и внеучебных программ развития soft skills у студенческой молодежи. Выводы. Обоснована успешность использования проектного и тренингового подхода в развитии soft skills у студенческой молодежи с целью формирования эффективной траектории личностного развития студентов – будущих специалистов по социальной работе в процессе их профессионального обучения в вузе.
АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ ПОДГОТОВКИ специалистов по работе с молодежью
Authors: Омарова Камила Абдурашидовна
Published: January 2024

Цель работы. Исследовать процессы профессиональной подготовки студентов по специальности «Организация работы с молодежью», определив актуальные проблемы и пути их решения, связанные с формированием структуры профессиональных специализированных и универсальных метапредметных компетенций, определяющих их высокую востребованность на рынке труда. Актуальность проблемы обусловлена тем, что, несмотря на активное обсуждение проблемы развития различных профессиональных компетенций у студентов в отечественной и зарубежной литературе, уровень их развития у уже действующих в профессиональном поле специалистов по работе с молодежью недостаточно высокий, что указывает на серьезные пробелы как в организации самого учебного процесса подготовки специалистов, несовершенство содержания образовательных программ, так и в организации системного взаимодействия профессиональных учебных заведений с потенциальными работодателями и структурами исполнительной власти, реализующими государственную молодежную политику в регионах. Методы исследования. В исследовании использовались такие методы как: терминологический анализ дефиниций понятийного аппарата по проблеме исследования, анализ нормативно-правовых источников, сравнительно-сопоставительный анализ, абстрагирование, обобщение, методы педагогического наблюдения. Результаты. Определены наиболее важные содержательные компоненты профессиональных стандартов подготовки специалистов по работе с молодежью на разных этапах их реализации. Сформулированы основные проблемы профессиональной подготовки специалистов по работе с молодежью на этапе их обучения в вузе, предложены рекомендации по их решению. Область применения результатов. Материалы можно использовать для теоретико-методического обоснования учебных и внеучебных программ на этапе профессиональной подготовки специалистов по работе с молодежью в вузах, а также в рамках организации их дополнительного образования. Рекомендации, приведенные в статье можно использовать при разработке региональных программ совершенствования кадровых ресурсов для учреждений, реализующих молодежную политику. Выводы. Обоснована необходимость использования широкого инструментального арсенала учебных и внеучебных форм и методик совершенствования профессиональной подготовки специалистов по работе с молодежью в регионах.
МЕТОДИКА ОЦЕНКИ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ИНВЕСТИЦИОННОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ
Authors: Потехин Сергей Юрьевич , Зяблицкая Наталья Викторовна
Published: January 2024

В статье представлен анализ методических основ оценки инвестиционной политики организации. Разработана модель оценки и представлена важность анализа различных блоков в практике работы инвестиционного менеджмента. Выявлены качественные и количественные характеристики оценки инвестиционной привлекательности.
ОЦЕНКА КАЧЕСТВА ЖИЗНИ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ СТРАН ЕВРАЗИЙСКОГО ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО СОЮЗА НА ОСНОВЕ ГЛОБАЛЬНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ ДОСТИЖЕНИЯ ЦЕЛЕЙ УСТОЙЧИВОГО развития ООН Повестки дня 2030
Authors: Чернышов Михаил Михайлович
Published: January 2024

Данная статья посвящена вопросам применения индикаторов Глобальной системы показателей достижения целей устойчивого развития ООН Повестки дня 2030 (ГСП) для оценки качества жизни населения в странах Евразийского экономического союза (ЕАЭС). Представлены основанные на ГСП авторские методические и аналитические разработки по оценке качества жизни населения (по уровню социально-экономической дифференциации населения) на примере стран ЕАЭС.
ТЕНДЕНЦИИ БРАЧНО-СЕМЕЙНОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ РОССИЯН
Authors: Ковалевская Елена Викторовна
Published: January 2024

В статье рассматриваются тенденции брачно-семейного поведения мужчин, женщин, молодежи России, отношение к созданию семьи, зарегистрированному браку и незарегистрированному супружескому союзу, к рождению детей. Исследование основывается на общенаучной методологии, которая предусматривает применение системного подхода к решению проблем. Основой работы были официальные данные Федеральной службы государственной статистики, аналитические доклады и аналитические обзоры ВЦИОМ. В статье проведен анализ изменения модели брачности у мужчин и женщин по итогам выборочных обследований репродуктивных планов населения, проведенного Росстатом в 2012 году, 2017 году и 2022 году. Выявлено, как изменялся возраст вступления в первый брак у мужчин и женщин в России, какую форму брачно-семейных отношений предпочитают мужчины и женщины России в зависимости от того первый это брак или повторный, как относятся к зарегистрированному и незарегистрованному браку мужчины и женщины, какое число детей было в семьях россиян и сколько было бездетных семей, определено какая часть населения РФ никогда не состояла в браке и незарегистрированном семейном союзе. Полученные результаты дают возможность определить тенденции развития исследуемого процесса, позволяют сделать прогноз демографической ситуации в стране для выработки мер воздействия на него.
ПРОГРАММЫ ПЛАТЕЖЕЙ ЗА ПРЕДОСТАВЕНИЕ ЭКОСИСТЕМНЫХ УСЛУГ КАК ЭЛЛЕМЕНТ СТРАТЕГИИ ПРЕДОТВРАЩЕНИЯ И РАЗРЕШЕНИЯ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ КОНФЛИКТОВ НА РЕГИОНАЛЬНОМ УРОВНЕ
Authors: Кирей Владимир Владимирович
Published: January 2024

В последнее время наблюдается растущее количество конфликтов связанных с деградацией экосистем и сокращением потоков экосистемных услуг. Программы платежей за предоставление экосистемных услуг получают все большее распространение во всем мире как элемент недопущения и разрешения конфликтов в основе которых лежат вопросы использования природного капитала. Фактор компенсации применялся во многих случаях для смягчения конфликтов, которые могут возникнуть из-за неудовлетворённости бенефициаров потоков экосистемных услуг. Программы платежей за предоставление экосистемных услуг формирует стратегические модели, востребованные для разрешения и смягчения последствий конфликтов, возникающих из социальных, экономических и экологических интересов бенефициаров потоков экосистемных услуг. Кроме того, программы платежей за предоставление экосистемных услуг используют рыночные институты с целями объединения различных участников эколого-экономических отношений и тем самым гармонизируют интересы этих участников с целью предотвращения конфликтов. Автором описывается потенциальная роль программ платежей за предоставление экосистемных услуг в разрешении экологических конфликтов. Описаны конкретные способы, с помощью которых институциональная архитектура программ платежей за предоставление экосистемных услуг и связанные с ней условия могут способствовать разрешению экологических конфликтов путем гармонизации интересов природопользователей и бенефициаров экосистемных услуг.
КОМПЛЕКСНЫЙ ПОДХОД К ОЦЕНКЕ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ РЕГИОНА
Authors: Султанов Гарун Султанахмедович , Дохолян Сергей Владимирович
Published: January 2024

Оценка социально-экономической безопасности региона относится к тем вопросам экономической безопасности, по которым крайне мало исследований. Также не сформированы подходы к оцениванию, от которых в значительной степени зависит качество оценок. Отправной точкой проведенного исследования послужили результаты анализа имеющихся подходов к оцениванию объектов в экономической безопасности, который выполнен с целью выявления применимости подходов к оцениванию социально-экономической безопасности региона. Значительное распространение в оценке социально-экономической безопасности объектов получило моделирование. Но главная проблема в таком моделировании заключается в локальности моделей, неспособности стать общей моделью, быть адекватными при любых рыночных условиях и для любого момента времени для объектов хотя бы одного уровня (макро-, мезо- или микроуровня). Подходы к оценке социально-экономической безопасности часто взаимодействуют, используются совместно, пересекаются, что затрудняет выбор того или иного подхода. Результаты анализа подходов к оценке социально-экономической безопасности объектов экономической безопасности стали основанием для определенных выводов и определения предпосылок формирования комплексного подхода к оцениванию социально-экономической безопасности региона. Такой подход должен быть сформирован путем заимствования отдельных элементов проанализированных подходов: конструктов, с помощью которых раскрывается содержание категории «социально-экономическая безопасность региона», кросс-факторного анализа и технологии построения экономических барометров.
ОБ ОСОБЕННОСТЯХ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ И ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЯ индикаторов экономической безопасности региона
Authors: Магомедова Мадина Маликовна , Рабаданов Рабадан Муртазалиевич
Published: January 2024

В процессе изучения современных проблем обеспечения экономической безопасности региона важно уделять пристальное внимание вопросам прогнозирования его социально-экономического развития, поскольку оно определяет целевые ориентиры для дальнейшего планирования и программирования. В статье исследуются функции прогнозирования как одного из факторов обеспечения экономической безопасности региона. Разрабатываются рекомендации, направленные на совершенствование механизма прогнозирования и планирования социально-экономического развития региона с применением методов управления рисками.