bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
70 anos da televisão no Brasil e a expansão da cultura audiovisual
Authors: Soares Rosana de Lima
Published: February 2021

RuMoRes, revista científica dedicada aos estudos de comunicação, linguagem e mídias, em sua 28ª edição, destaca e reconhece o valoroso histórico da produção audiovisual nacional considerando especialmente o marco dos 70 anos da entrada da televisão no país – contando a partir do dia 18 de setembro de 1950, em que se realizou a primeira transmissão de televisão aberta – e observando as possibilidades inovadoras contemporâneas na produção televisiva, na popularidade dos sistemas de streaming e nas transformações do modelo seriado. No dossiê Ficções televisivas: deslocamentos e rupturas, organizado pela editora convidada Amanda Miranda, pós-doutoranda na ECA/USP, e por Rosana de Lima Soares, revisamos fronteiras genéricas da produção televisiva, entre suas narrativas ficcionais, desde séries e produtos especiais até telenovelas ou seriados, tanto em termos de seus repertórios como também de seu acervo de imagens.
O uso das novas mídias sociais na pesquisa de opinião pública
Authors: Batista Leandro Leonardo
Published: February 2021

Este trabalho discute a relação entre as mídias sociais e os estudos de opinião pública tendo como base uma seletiva revisão da literatura. Apresenta uma série de métodos utilizados internacionalmente para a mensuração da opinião pública pelas mídias sociais em diversas temáticas, discutindo suas vantagens e limitações, bem como as diferentes conclusões que estes métodos permitem. Tomando como foco a unidade de análise e as limitações de inferência populacional destas novas mídias, o trabalho oferece uma oportunidade de discussão acadêmica entre dados coletados via amostras populacionais de indivíduos e amostras populacionais das informações que estão exercendo influência na opinião destes indivíduos.
Determinants of Blood Pressure in Neonates and Infants
Authors: Dionne Janis M.
Published: February 2021

The blood pressure (BP) of neonates, especially those born premature, changes rapidly over the first days and weeks of life. Neonatal BPs may be affected by maternal factors, perinatal factors or events, and intrinsic or extrinsic infant factors. Unfortunately, the effect of many maternal health and disease states has only been studied in small numbers or has shown conflicting results. Many events around the time of delivery have the potential to influence the neonatal BP, and while definitive studies are often lacking, some observational data support physiological expectations. The strongest determinants of neonatal BP are the infant factors of gestational age at birth, birth weight, and postmenstrual age. Understanding the expected pattern of BP changes, identifying the potential influencing factors, and accurately measuring the BP are all essential to determine whether there is a BP abnormality present but are also more complex in the neonatal population. This review describes the evidence for maternal conditions, perinatal events, and infant factors to affect neonatal BP. It also explains what is currently known about the changing BP patterns in neonates including those born preterm. In addition, by examining the physiological process of hemodynamic adaptation to the extrauterine environment and compensatory cardiovascular responses, we can gain insight into the expected and unexpected vascular responses, making the variability of neonatal BP seem a little more predictable.
The SITS Open Study
Authors: Ahmed Niaz , Lees Kennedy R. , von Kummer Rudiger , Holmin Staffan , Escudero-Martinez Irene , Bottai Matteo , Jansen Olav , Wahlgren Nils , De Vito Alessandro , Consoli Domenico , Müller-Hülsbeck Stefan , Mustanoja Satu , Karlsson Jan-Erik , Rentzos Alexander , Moreira Tiago , Krespi Yakup , Poli Sven , Mangiafico Salvatore , Grewski Elke , Nunes Ana Paiva , Fragata Isabel , Krause Lars , Vanhooren Geert , Tveiten Arnstein , Weimar Christian , Petzold Gabor , Langner Sönke , Vasconcelos e Castro de Freitas Rafael L , Aguilar M. , Castellan Lucio , Chembala Jayan , Günther Albrecht , Danielsson Bo
Published: February 2021

Background and Purpose:

We designed SITS (Safe Implementation of Treatment in Stroke) Open to determine benefit and safety of thrombectomy in clinical practice for large artery occlusion stroke, using selected stent retrievers plus standard care versus standard care alone.

Methods:

SITS Open was a prospective, open, blinded evaluation, international, multicenter, controlled, nonrandomized registry study. Centers lacking access to thrombectomy contributed controls. Primary end point was categorical shift in modified Rankin Scale score at 3 months in the per protocol (PP) population. Principal secondary outcomes were symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, functional independency (modified Rankin Scale score 0–2) and death at 3 months. Patients independently evaluated by video-recorded modified Rankin Scale interviews blinded to treatment or center identity by central core laboratory were regarded as PP population. Propensity score matching with covariate adjusted analysis was performed.

Results:

During 2014 to 2017, 293 patients (257 thrombectomy, 36 control) from 26 centers in 10 countries fulfilled intention-to-treat and 200 (170 thrombectomy, 30 control) PP criteria; enrollment of controls was limited by rapid uptake of thrombectomy. In PP analysis, median age was 71 versus 71 years, and baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 17 versus 17 in the thrombectomy and control arms, respectively. The propensity score matching analysis for PP showed a significant shift for modified Rankin Scale at 3 months favoring the thrombectomy group (odds ratio, 3.8 [95% CI, 1.61–8.95];
P
=0.002). Regarding safety, there were 4 cases of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage in the thrombectomy group (2.4%) and none in the control group.

Conclusions:

In clinical practice, thrombectomy for patients with large artery occlusion stroke is superior to standard of care in our study.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique Identifier: NCT02326428.
Which aspects of the Open Science agenda are most relevant to scientometric research and publishing? An opinion paper
Authors: Bornmann Lutz , Guns Raf , Thelwall Michael , Wolfram Dietmar
Published: February 2021

Open Science is an umbrella term that encompasses many recommendations for possible changes in research practices, management, and publishing with the objective to increase transparency and accessibility. This has become an important science policy issue that all disciplines should consider. Many Open Science recommendations may be valuable for the further development of research and publishing, but not all are relevant to all fields. This opinion paper considers the aspects of Open Science that are most relevant for scientometricians, discussing how they can be usefully applied.
Dendrostoma covidicola sp. nov. (Erythrogloeaceae, Diaporthales) on Fagus sylvatica from Sichuan Province, China

Authors: SAMARAKOON MILAN C. , PROMPUTTHA ITTHAYAKORN , LIU JIAN-KUI (JACK)
Published: February 2021

Dendrostoma covidicola sp. nov. is described from a dead branch of Fagus sylvatica (Fagaceae) collected from Sichuan Province, China. The taxon has 5–20 perithecia per pseudostroma and small, ellipsoidal to subfusiform ascospores with polar appendages. Phylogenetic analyses of a combined ITS–LSU–rpb2–tef1 sequence matrix confirmed its placement in Dendrostoma where it is close to D. qinlingense, D. osmanthi and D. quercus, but representing a distinct lineage. The new taxon is compared with other Dendrostoma species and comprehensive descriptions and illustrations are provided. An ascospore comparison for relevant species is also provided, as well as an updated phylogenetic tree (ITS–LSU–rpb2–tef1) including all the species of Dendrostoma.
Typifications and a new synonym in Phyllanthus sect. Phyllanthus subsect. Clausseniani (Phyllanthaceae)
Authors: MENDES JONE CLEBSON RIBEIRO , SILVA MARCOS JOSÉ DA , PEREIRA-SILVA RAFAELA ALVES , SALES MARGARETH FERREIRA DE , ATHIÊ-SOUZA SARAH MARIA
Published: February 2021

Six names in Phyllanthus sect. Phyllanthus subsect. Clausseniani are typified (P. amoenus, P. claussenii, P. claussenii var. oblongifolius, P. heteradenius, P. hypoleucus, and P. janeirenis). Phyllanthus atalaiensis is treated as a synonym of P. heteradenius.
Emergency Cricothyrotomy: A 10-Year Single Institution Experience
Authors: Moroco Annie E. , Armen Scott B. , Goldenberg David
Published: February 2021

Background

With recent technological advances reducing the demand for emergent surgical airway placement, surgeons are less often performing this life-saving procedure. We sought to assess the characteristics and outcomes surrounding patients undergoing modern emergent cricothyrotomy.

Methods

A retrospective case series was performed between January 2010 and January 2020 at a single tertiary academic level 1 trauma center. Patients who underwent tracheostomy (CPT 31600, 31601) within 48 hours of admission or listed in the trauma registry were queried. Charts were individually reviewed to identify patients with cricothyrotomy. Demographic, operative and relevant hospital course data were collected.

Results

A total of 1642 patients were identified with 12 of those found to have met inclusion criteria. The population was mostly male (91.7%) with an average age of 43 years and average body mass index of 30. Survival rate of patients was 75%. A total of 7 patients (58%) had appropriate anatomical placement of cricothyrotomy. Of those patients, 75% were performed by Trauma Surgery. Of the 5 patients with misplaced cricothyrotomy, all were male, with an average age and body mass index of 36 years and 25, respectively. Procedures were performed by prehospital personnel (20%), referring hospital (20%), and Trauma Surgery (60%).

Discussion

Cricothyrotomy remains a vital tool in the successful management of emergent airway access. The most common complication observed was improper anatomical placement, which occurred in nearly half of patients. Trauma surgeons perform 75% of cricothyrotomies, with an anatomical accuracy rate of 66.7%.
Usefulness of Pre-Procedural Imaging of the Coronary Venous System With Coronary Angiography Before Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: Polat Veli , Bozcali Evin
Published: February 2021

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is a treatment modality for selected patients with refractory heart failure. We intended to examine the usefulness of coronary venous system imagining with conventional coronary angiogram before the CRT implantation procedure. A total of 180 patients were scheduled for CRT and were prospectively randomized 1:2 into 2 groups. Group 1 (n = 60) received standard CRT procedure without the guidance of selective left coronary angiography. In group 2 (n = 120), CRT implantation was accomplished with the guidance of the preprocedural coronary angiography. We compared the 2 groups in terms of the total implantation time, total fluoroscopy time, the amount of contrast medium used, and cumulative radiation exposure. The total implantation and fluoroscopy times, the amount of contrast medium used, and cumulative radiation exposure were significantly less in group 2 compared with group 1 (53 ± 7 vs 66 ± 9 minutes, 11 ± 3 vs 20 ± 5 minutes, 24 ± 8 vs 42 ± 14 mL, 26 192 ± 6658 vs 37 388± 9064 mGy cm2, and 253 ± 49 vs 392 ± 79 mGy, P < .0001, respectively). We concluded that coronary angiography prior to CRT implantation is useful in simplifying the procedure, saving time, reducing radiation exposure, and reducing contrast use.
When Does the Public Get It Right? The Information Environment and the Accuracy of Economic Sentiment
Authors: Carlin Ryan E. , Hellwig Timothy , Love Gregory J. , Martínez-Gallardo Cecilia , Singer Matthew M.
Published: February 2021

Public evaluations of the economy are key for understanding how citizens develop policy opinions and monitor government performance. But what drives economic evaluations? In this article, we argue the context in which information about the economy is distributed shapes economic perceptions. In high-quality information environments—where policies are transparent, the media is free, and political opposition is robust—mass perceptions closely track economic conditions. In contrast, compromised information environments provide openings for political manipulation, leading perceptions to deviate from business cycle fluctuations. We test our argument with unique data from eight Latin American countries. Results show restrictions on access to information distort the public’s view of economic performance. The ability of voters to sanction governments is stronger when democratic institutions and the media protect citizens’ access to independent, unbiased information. Our findings highlight the importance of accurate evaluations of the economy for government accountability and democratic responsiveness.
Book review: Manan Dwivedi, Trump’s America: Diplomacy and Economic Policies
Authors: Mishra Vivek Kumar
Published: February 2021

Manan Dwivedi, Trump’s America: Diplomacy and Economic Policies. New Delhi: Ane Books Pvt Ltd., 2020, pp. 222, ₹843.00 (Hardcover). ISBN-13: 978-9389212617.
Lateral Recruitment in Civil Services: Standing the Test of Merit
Authors: Rishi Shraddha
Published: February 2021

Keeping bureaucracy, the permanent executive, insulated from the influence of the political executive has always been the focus of administrative reforms. A transparent and fair system of recruitment based on meritocracy is a key to shield administrators from political influence. This article analyses the essential conditions required for the successful implementation of lateral recruitment in India. It contends that merit, involving transparent and fair processes in recruitment, is the bedrock of any efficient bureaucratic system. The article does not probe deeper into the question as to whether the lateral entry should be introduced or not, but assuming the lateral entry is a desirable practice for modern civil administration, it discusses the conditions that lead to its success or failure. It draws lessons for India from an exercise that already took place in its neighbouring country, Pakistan.
Artificial intelligence translation under the influence of multimedia teaching to study English learning mode
Authors: Li Panpan , Ning Yuwen , Fang Hongjuan
Published: February 2021

With the gradual advancement of education reform, English learning has become more and more important, and efficient and fast English learning has become a concern of people. In this study, an online translation platform based on artificial intelligence was selected for exploration. Use SQLite software database server as text data source. When the user performs English translation, the query word will be input into the translation platform, and at the same time, the artificial intelligence Google API translation technology will translate the text. Based on the collected actual user service usage records, build edge computing solutions and analyze user data input records. Use word2vec to construct the feature vector of the word, and use LSTM to construct the word ranking of the text. The word ranking method is used to predict the user's service usage, select the corresponding edge server, and combine the relevant probability model to preload the service. Combined with the edge algorithm compression data processing technology of the Internet of Things, the data is synchronized and tracked. After the data is compressed, the translated text is displayed on the application interface in the form of voice and words. The research results show that the use of edge computing of the Internet of Things increases the preservation rate of historical query records of intelligent translation by 30%, and the intelligent translation platform predicts that the matching degree of users' translation queries is 90%. The use of edge algorithm compression technology of the Internet of Things can greatly save the network traffic and bandwidth of the server. The optimized query algorithm can improve query efficiency, save query time, and increase users' enthusiasm for learning English.
The change of administrative capacity in Korea: contemporary trends and lessons
Authors: Ko Kilkon , Park Hyun Hee , Shim Dong Chul , Kim Kyungdong
Published: February 2021

This article empirically explores the understanding and changes in the concept of administrative capacity in the Korean context. Despite a universal consensus on its importance, administrative capacity is defined differently by regimes and stakeholders (i.e. in this study: the public, members of the National Assembly, and academia). To improve our understanding of administrative capacity, we collected three types of texts (337 academic papers, 1470 National Assembly minutes, and 3316 newspaper articles from 2000 to 2019) and analyzed the data using topic modeling and text-network analysis methods. The results suggest that although academic articles emphasized leadership, manpower, education, and other policymaking capacities, the National Assembly stressed innovation capacity in solving different policy problems. Finally, the media, assumed to reflect public opinion, emphasized capacities related to national security.

Points for practitioners

This study suggests that different types of administrative capacities could be needed according to the developmental stage of states. While managerial and administrative capacity should be developed in countries pursuing state-led economic development, governance capacity could be more requested in countries facing demands for democratization and meeting citizens’ various needs and participation.
Free vibration analysis of embedded and co-cured perforated damping sandwich composite beam
Authors: Yuan Lihua , Liang Sen
Published: February 2021

The free vibration behaviors of the embedded and co-cured perforated damping sandwich composite (ECPDSC) in which the holes are filled with resin are investigated. The displacement field of laminated structure and the equivalent elastic parameters of the heterogeneous damping layer are presented by the combination of the first order shear deformation theory with homogenization method. The dynamic equations of the structure are derived on basis of the equivalent complex modulus theory, and the theoretical results are verified by experimental platform. The relationships of damping area ratio and the thickness of damping layer as well as the elastic modulus of viscoelastic material with the dynamic properties of ECPDSC are theoretically explored further. Results indicate that the modal frequency decreases slowly when the damping area ratio is relatively small, the modal frequency decreases rapidly when the damping area ratio is relatively large, and the trend of loss factor is just opposite. This investigation will lay a foundation for the design and manufacture of composite components with light weight, large damping as well as high stiffness.
Dissecting the Role of VicK Phosphatase in Aggregation and Biofilm Formation of Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Wang S. , Long L. , Yang X. , Qiu Y. , Tao T. , Peng X. , Li Y. , Han A. , Senadheera D.B. , Downey J.S. , Goodman S.D. , Zhou X. , Cvitkovitch D.G.
Published: February 2021

VicRK (WalRK or YycFG) is a conserved 2-component regulatory system (TCS) that regulates cell division, cell wall biosynthesis, and homeostasis in low-GC Gram-positive bacteria. VicRK is also associated with biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans on the tooth surface as it directly regulates the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) synthesis. Of the 2 components, VicK possesses both autokinase and phosphatase activities, which regulate the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the regulator VicR in response to environmental cues. However, the dual mechanism of VicK as the autokinase/phosphatase in regulating S. mutans’ responses is not well elucidated. Previously, it has been shown that the phosphatase activity depends on the PAS domain and residues in the DHp domain of VicK in S. mutans. Specifically, mutating proline at 222 in the PAS domain inhibits VicK phosphatase activity. We generated a VicKP222A mutant to determine the level of VicR-P in the cytoplasm by Phos-tag sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. We show that in VicKP222A phosphatase, attenuation increased phosphorylated VicR (VicR-P) that downregulated glucosyltransferases, gtfBC, thereby reducing the synthesis of water-insoluble polysaccharides (WIS-EPS) in the biofilm. In addition, VicKP222A presented as long-rod cells, reduced growth, and displayed asymmetrical division. A major adhesin of S. mutans, SpaP was downregulated in VicKP222A, making it unable to agglutinate in saliva. In summary, we have confirmed that VicK phosphatase activity is critical to maintain optimal phosphorylation status of VicR in S. mutans, which is important for cell growth, cell division, EPS synthesis, and bacterial agglutination in saliva. Hence, VicK phosphatase activity may represent a promising target to modulate S. mutans’ pathogenicity.
Major court and tribunal decisions in Australia in 2020
Authors: Golding Gabrielle
Published: February 2021

This annual survey of significant court and tribunal decisions in Australia during 2020 considers matters spanning five thematic groupings. First, it addresses decisions that arose in the wake of the Coronavirus pandemic. Secondly, it examines how the common law has developed the National Employment Standards, particularly for low-paid and precariously employed workers, and general protections. Thirdly, it reviews cases concerning the definition of ‘employment’, emphasising that definition’s ongoing arbitrariness. Fourthly, it examines the development of the common law as it relates to the termination of employment, especially in the context of the exercise of academic freedom. Finally, decisions relating to the limits of industrial activity are reviewed.
Visual Elicitation of Brand Perception
Authors: Dzyabura Daria , Peres Renana
Published: February 2021

Understanding consumers’ associations with brands is at the core of brand management. However, measuring associations is challenging because consumers can associate a brand with many objects, emotions, activities, sceneries, and concepts. This article presents an elicitation platform, analysis methodology, and results on consumer associations of U.S. national brands. The elicitation is direct, unaided, scalable, and quantitative and uses the power of visuals to depict a detailed representation of respondents’ relationships with a brand. The proposed brand visual elicitation platform allows firms to collect online brand collages created by respondents and analyze them quantitatively to elicit brand associations. The authors use the platform to collect 4,743 collages from 1,851 respondents for 303 large U.S. brands. Using unsupervised machine-learning and image-processing approaches, they analyze the collages and obtain a detailed set of associations for each brand, including objects (e.g., animals, food, people), constructs (e.g., abstract art, horror, delicious, famous, fantasy), occupations (e.g., musician, bodybuilder, baker), nature (e.g., beach, misty, snowscape, wildlife), and institutions (e.g., corporate, army, school). The authors demonstrate the following applications for brand management: obtaining prototypical brand visuals, relating associations to brand personality and equity, identifying favorable associations per category, exploring brand uniqueness through differentiating associations, and identifying commonalities between brands across categories for potential collaborations.
When Algorithms Fail: Consumers’ Responses to Brand Harm Crises Caused by Algorithm Errors
Authors: Srinivasan Raji , Sarial-Abi Gülen
Published: February 2021

Algorithms, increasingly used by brands, sometimes fail to perform as expected or, even worse, cause harm, leading to brand harm crises. Algorithm failures are unfortunately increasing in frequency, yet little is known about consumers’ responses to brands following such crises. Extending developments in the theory of mind perception, the authors hypothesize that, following a brand harm crisis, consumers respond less negatively if the error was caused by an algorithm (vs. a human). The authors further hypothesize that consumers’ lower mind perception of agency of the algorithm (vs. a human), which lowers their perceptions of the algorithm’s responsibility for the harm, mediates this relationship. Four moderators of this relationship are hypothesized: two algorithm characteristics (whether the algorithm is anthropomorphized and whether it involves machine learning) and two characteristics of the task for which the algorithm is deployed (whether the task is subjective [vs. objective] and whether it is interactive [vs. noninteractive]). The authors find support for the hypotheses in eight experimental studies. The effects of two managerial interventions to manage brand harm crises caused by algorithm errors are examined. This research advances the literature on brand harm crises, algorithm usage, and algorithmic marketing and generates managerial guidelines to address such crises.
Understanding Lateral and Vertical Biases in Consumer Attention: An In-Store Ambulatory Eye-Tracking Study
Authors: Chen Ming , Burke Raymond R. , Hui Sam K. , Leykin Alex
Published: February 2021

Using in-store ambulatory eye-tracking, the authors investigate the extent to which lateral and vertical biases drive consumers’ attention in a grocery store environment. The data set offers a complete picture of both where the shopper is located and the shopper’s field of view and visual fixations during the trip. The authors address two research questions: First, do shoppers have a higher propensity to pay attention to products on their left or right side as they traverse an aisle (i.e., is the right side the “right” side)? Second, do shoppers tend to pay more attention to products at their eye level (i.e., is eye level “buy level”)? The authors utilize the exogenous variations in the direction by which shoppers traverse an aisle to identify lateral bias. The exogenous variation of shoppers’ eye-level positions is used to identify vertical bias. The authors find that shoppers pay more attention to products on their right side when traversing an aisle. Contrary to many practitioners’ belief, eye level is not “buy level”; rather, the product level that has the greatest propensity to capture shoppers’ attention is approximately 14.7 inches below eye level (which is around chest level).
Brazilian Adaptation of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: A Psychometric Investigation of a Measure of Coronaphobia
Authors: Padovan-Neto Fernando E. , Lee Sherman A. , Guimarães Rayanne Poletti , Godoy Lívea Dornela , Costa Hugo Bononi , Zerbini Francisco Luiz Silva , Fukusima Sérgio S.
Published: February 2021

This study examined the psychometric properties of a Brazilian adapted version of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS-BR) in a sample of adults in Brazil. Confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated that the CAS-BR produces a reliable (α = .84), unidimensional construct whose structure was shown to be invariant across gender, race, and age. However, some items of the CAS-BR were stronger indicators of the coronavirus anxiety construct for women and younger adults. Although the CAS-BR demonstrated evidence of discrimination ability for functional impairment (AUC = .77), Youden indexes were low to identify a clinical cut-score. Construct validity was demonstrated with correlations between CAS-BR scores and measures of functional impairment, generalized anxiety, and depression. Exploratory analyses revealed that CAS-BR total scores were higher among women and participants with a history of anxiety disorder. These findings are consistent with previous investigations and support the validity of CAS-BR for measuring coronavirus anxiety with Brazilian adults.
A Tale of Two Surveys: Life-Affirming Strategy of Mortuary Improves the Quality of Bereavement Care After Hospital Death
Authors: Lau Tiffany W. S. , Chan Gavin S. W. , Yip H. Y. , Poon Jackie C. K. , Tsang Gary K. F. , Yip Winnie P. W. , Chow Amy Y. M. , Beh Philip S. L.
Published: February 2021

Background: The mortuary plays an important, under-recognized role in end-of-life care. A ‘ Life-affirming strategy’ was introduced in the mortuary of a university hospital to enhance respect for the deceased and next-of-kin (NOK). Design: NOK who collected bodies in the mortuary of a university hospital participated in a survey. The satisfaction scores, needs and expectations were compared with a similar survey from 2015. Results: The overall experience for NOK improved significantly compared with 2015. The greatest improvement was achieved in ‘mortuary environment’, ‘attitude of mortuary staff’ and ‘body viewing arrangement in the mortuary’. The perceived need for additional psychosocial support was significantly reduced. Conclusions: Results demonstrate success of the life-affirming strategy in enhancing end-of-life care for bereaved families. The person-centered approach modernizes and professionalizes mortuary services, with a positive impact on the deceased, NOK, mortuary staff, hospital administration and wider community.
Experimentally Estimated Impacts of School Vouchers on Educational Attainments of Moderately and Severely Disadvantaged Students
Authors: Cheng Albert , Peterson Paul E.
Published: February 2021

For decades, social theorists have posited—and descriptive accounts have shown—that students isolated by both social class and ethnicity suffer extreme deprivations that limit the effectiveness of equal-opportunity interventions. Even educational programs that yield positive results for moderately disadvantaged students may not prove beneficial for those who possess less of the economic, social, and cultural capital that play a critical role in improving educational outcomes. Yet evaluations of school choice and other educational interventions seldom estimate programmatic effects on severely disadvantaged students who are isolated by both ethnicity and social class. We experimentally estimate differential effects of a 1997 New York City school voucher intervention on college attainment for minority students by household income and mother’s education. Postsecondary outcomes as of 2017 come from the National Student Clearinghouse. The severely deprived did not benefit from the intervention despite substantial positive effects on college enrollments and degree attainment for the moderately disadvantaged. School choice programs and other interventions or public policies may need to pay greater attention to ensuring that families possess the requisite forms of capital—human, economic, social, and cultural—to realize their intended benefits.
Effect of DMDHEU treatment on properties of bacterial cellulose material
Authors: Sederavičiūtė Florentina , Domskienė Jurgita , Jurgelionytė Lina , Sankauskaite Audronė , Kimmer Dushan
Published: February 2021

The aim of this study was to estimate the influence of purification and treatment with textile finishing agent procedures on structural, mechanical, and water barrier properties of bacterial cellulose (BC) in order to predict the end-use properties. Kombucha fungus generated by Komagataeibacter xylinus species, formerly known as Gluconacetobacter xylinus, was used to produce the BC material. The BC was purified with 0.5% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution and treated with 5%, 10%, and 20% concentration of N, N-dimethylol 4,5-dihydroxy-ethylene urea (DMDHEU). By Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) was estimated, that the purification with a weak alkali solution was effective to remove amorphous matter of the BC material. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images demonstrated the BC structure, similar to a non-woven textile fabric with clearly visible three-dimensional networks of fine cellulose fibers. After the purification process, the BC material tensile strength increased by 52%; however, the strain decreased by 93%. BC material after treatment with 20% DMDHEU regained deformability and tensile properties analogous to untreated samples. Water vapor permeability (WVP) values increased and water absorption capacity (WAC) decreased in BC material with increasing DMDHEU concentration. According to the FTIR results, the crosslinking reaction of DMDHEU and adjacent BC molecules was proved. The treatment with DMDHEU restores the amorphous properties of BC material, and therefore blocks water absorption, and the decrease in the water absorption parameter might be determined.
Writing Climate Change Assessments: Scientific Author Challenges and Rhetorical Negotiations
Authors: Reeves Carol A. , Ross Maura
Published: February 2021

The rhetorical challenges and deliberations of scientific authors writing climate change assessment reports have received scant scholarly attention. As our interviews with 21 authors reveal, authors engage with multiple stakeholders who bring diverse scientific, political, economic, and cultural interests and perspectives. They must remain aware of politically motivated climate change denial and scientific illiteracy while remaining committed to producing policy relevant rather than policy prescriptive statements. These challenges lead to intense rhetorical negotiations over the lexical and visual features of a document they hope will deflect denial and contribute to meaningful policy solutions.
Multiple Selves and Multitasking: A Dynamic Longitudinal Study
Authors: Xu Shan , Wang Zheng
Published: February 2021

This study integrates the theory of multiple selves within the theoretical framework of dynamic motivational activation (DMA) to identify the dynamic patterns of multiple self-concepts (i.e., the potential self, the actual self) in multitasking (e.g., primary and secondary activities) in daily life. A three-week experience sampling study was conducted on college students. Dynamic panel modeling results suggest that the self-concepts are both sustaining and shifting in daily activities and media activities. Specifically, the potential and actual selves sustained themselves over time in primary and secondary activities, but they also shifted from one to another to achieve a balance in primary activities over time. Interestingly, secondary activities were not driven by the alternative self-concept in primary activities, but instead, by the emotional experiences of primary activities. Furthermore, the findings identified that multitasking to fulfill their actual self did not motivate people to re-prioritize their potential self later.
Military Organizations Can Walk and Chew Gum at the Same Time
Authors: Talbot Steven , Fischer Tiffany
Published: February 2021

This article is a response to a recent publication by Hasselbladh and Ydén in this journal, entitled “Why Military Organizations Are Cautious About Organizational Learning?” Through their use of dichotomous logic, the authors argue continuous learning poses a threat to the functioning of military organizations. The following commentary argues for a necessary coexistence between the mainstays of the traditional bureaucratic military organization presented by Hasselbladh and Ydén and continuous learning required by military organizations to compete and cope with technological advancements and gray zone challenges afforded by the modern operating environment.
An Analysis of Data Collection Tools Used When Completing Functional Vision Assessments
Authors: Kaiser Justin T. , Herzberg Tina S.
Published: February 2021

Introduction:

This study analyzed 39 data collection tools used by teachers of students with visual impairments when completing functional vision assessments (FVAs).

Methods:

In 2017, teachers of students with visual impairments submitted data collection tools used in the FVA process. These tools were then compared with the 23 FVA components suggested by two established resources, Erin and Paul and D’Andrea and Farrenkopf.

Results:

The most commonly assessed skills and abilities were near visual acuity, distance visual acuity, and color perception. Only five of the submitted data collection tools contained at least 80% of the FVA components identified by the established resources. Fewer than 25% of the tools incorporated an orientation and mobility (O&M) screening.

Discussion:

There was considerable variation in the background information, medical data, and visual skills information that was collected. Variability in the data collected during the FVA process may impact a teacher’s recommendations, including referrals for specialized evaluations such as O&M and clinical low vision evaluations.

Implications for practitioners:

Since FVA reports are used by Individualized Education Program teams, it is essential that data collection tools used during the assessment process are complete and address key areas such as near visual acuity and color perception. Teachers should carefully review their tools to determine whether the data collected are sufficient to make informed recommendations regarding accommodations, goals, and referrals. If the data collected are not sufficient, then the tools should be revised or additional data should be collected.
Modified Negative Pressure Enclosure During Tracheostomy in Patients With COVID-19
Authors: Levy Dylan A. , Boey Howard P. , Leff Peter D.
Published: February 2021

COVID-19 also known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is the result of a highly transmissible coronavirus which can result in severe infection of the respiratory tract. The global pandemic which began in early 2020 has created a number of challenges for the medical community to contain the rate of transmission, especially to health care workers. A minority of the infected population will progress toward severe respiratory distress ultimately requiring mechanical ventilator assistance. Although preliminary data suggest a poor prognosis for those requiring ventilation support, there is a subgroup who will eventually be weaned off. As the pandemic evolves, this cohort of infected, chronically intubated and ventilated individuals will become more prevalent and may require tracheostomy to aid in recovery. Unfortunately, tracheostomy is an aerosol-generating procedure which poses high risks to all members within the operating room, as described by previous authors. There is an urgent need to explore and develop methods to maximize the safety of tracheostomy and other aerosol-generating procedures in order to reduce intraoperative transmission. In the present article, we present a modified technique for negative pressure enclosure in patients with COVID-19 who underwent tracheostomy.
The Effects of Technology Supports on Community Grocery Shopping Skills for Students With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jung Sojung , Ousley Ciara , McNaughton David , Wolfe Pamela
Published: February 2021

In this meta-analytic review, we investigated the effects of technology supports on the acquisition of shopping skills for students with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) between the ages of 5 and 24. Nineteen single-case experimental research studies, presented in 15 research articles, met the current study’s inclusion criteria and the What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) standards. An analysis of potential moderators was conducted, and we calculated effect sizes using Tau-U to examine the impact of age, diagnosis, and type of technology on the reported outcomes for the 56 participants. The results from the included studies provide evidence that a wide range of technology interventions had a positive impact on shopping performance. These positive effects were seen for individuals across a wide range of ages and disability types, and for a wide variety of shopping skills. The strongest effect sizes were observed for technologies that provided visual supports rather than just auditory support. We provide an interpretation of the findings, implications of the results, and recommended areas for future research.
King Lear and the late Renaissance dramatic convention of self-addressed speech: An empirical approach to theatrical history
Authors: Hirsh James
Published: February 2021

In King Lear, Shakespeare inventively and daringly employed the astonishingly precise features of the convention that governed soliloquies in late Renaissance drama. Plentiful, unambiguous, conspicuous, varied, and one-sided evidence demonstrates that soliloquies represented self-addressed speeches by characters as a matter of convention rather than either interior monologues or audience addresses. The most distinctive employment of the convention in Lear occurs when a character speaks to himself in the presence of others without guarding his soliloquy from their hearing either because the speaker loses consciousness of their presence or because he does not care that others overhear his speech.
Evaluating Acupuncture for the Treatment of Chemotherapy-induced Peripheral Neuropathy: An Integrative Review
Authors: Kutcher Anna M. , LeBaron Virginia T.
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this integrative review of the literature is to synthesize the current evidence and identify gaps in knowledge regarding the effectiveness of acupuncture to treat chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Cochrane Review databases were searched using inclusion criteria: keywords acupuncture, cancer, and peripheral neuropathy, published in English, between 2009 and 2019. Sixteen articles met the inclusion criteria. The literature indicates that acupuncture is generally well tolerated by patients with cancer, and a majority of patients with CIPN reported decreased pain and increased quality of life after receiving acupuncture treatment. A comprehensive understanding of the ability of acupuncture to treat CIPN is limited by variability of acupuncture techniques and inconsistency in measures of evaluation.
Classical soloists’ life histories and the music conservatoire
Authors: Palmer Tim , Baker David
Published: February 2021

This article explores the life histories of virtuoso classical music soloists with particular reference to conservatoire provision. Detailed life-history interviews were conducted with six virtuosi between May 2018 and January 2019. These participants were three singers, two cellists and a concert pianist. Resultant qualitative data were stored in an NVivo software database and understood through a process of analytic induction. Key findings spotlight the significance of Higher Education, a connection between broad creative and cultural interest and musical excellence, and a significant role for conservatoires in diversifying their training and easing transition into the career. The soloists also warned of dangers relating to controlling teachers, loss of autonomy and a need to convey their career realities to students.
COVID-19 and the temporary transformation of the UK social security system
Authors: Machin Richard
Published: February 2021

This commentary discusses the implications of the changes made to the social security system by the UK government in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Until the COVID-19 pandemic, the UK government did not veer from its programme of welfare reform. However, emergency legislation made significant concessions including: an increase in the value of the UK’s main means-tested benefit Universal Credit, more favourable eligibility rules for the self-employed, a reduced conditionality regime, and an increase in the level of housing support.

This paper argues that although the UK government’s COVID-19 social security response was necessary, it did not go far enough. A temporary lifting of some prejudicial elements of the social security system was welcome but this still leaves an overly complex system characterised by unacceptable delays in payment, inadequate support for many vulnerable groups, and inconsistent experiences for recipients of different benefits.
Intradialytic exercise in end-stage renal disease: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and/or meta-analytical studies
Authors: Bündchen Daiana Cristine , Sousa Helena , Afreixo Vera , Frontini Roberta , Ribeiro Oscar , Figueiredo Daniela , Costa Elísio
Published: February 2021

Objectives:

This umbrella review aimed to understand the clinical benefits and adverse events associated with different modalities of intradialytic exercise in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis.

Data Sources:

The search was performed until September 10th, 2020 on Scopus, Web of Science, the Cochrane Database, CINAHL, and PubMed.

Methods:

This umbrella review was conducted following the PRISMA guideline statement. The methodological quality of the reviews was assessed with the AMSTAR-2. Standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were estimated. The I-squared statistic was used to assess heterogeneity and the Eggers’ test was performed to test asymmetry/small-study effects.

Results:

Eleven reviews were included and 48 unique meta-analyses were examined. Nine were supported by suggestive evidence ( P < 0.05, small heterogeneity, absence of small-study effects, and excess significance bias). Clinical benefits were found for functional capacity associated with aerobic exercise ( d = 0.81; k = 6), resistance training ( d = 0.58; k = 6), neuromuscular electrical stimulation ( d = 0.70; k = 5), and inspiratory muscle training ( d = 1.13; k = 2), measured by the distance covered in the 6-minutes walking test. This outcome was also associated with aerobic exercise ( d = 0.28; k = 7) and combined exercise, measured by VO2peak ( d = 1.01; k = 5) and by the duration of the cardiopulmonary test ( d = 1.07; k = 4). Isometric quadriceps muscle strength improved with neuromuscular electrical stimulation ( d = 1.19; k = 7) while patients’ perception of vitality improved with combined exercise ( d = 0.60; k = 3).

Conclusions:

Suggestive evidence was found for the associations between various modalities of intradialytic exercise and functional capacity. Combined exercise was associated with improvements in physical and psychosocial variables. Few or no adverse events were reported.
Histamine 3 receptor inverse agonist Samelisant (SUVN-G3031): Pharmacological characterization of an investigational agent for the treatment of cognitive disorders
Authors: Nirogi Ramakrishna , Grandhi Venkata R , Medapati Rajesh B , Ganuga Narender , Benade Vijay , Gandipudi Sudhakar , Manoharan Arunkumar , Abraham Renny , Jayarajan Pradeep , Bhyrapuneni Gopinadh , Shinde Anil , Badange Rajesh K , Subramanian Ramkumar , Petlu Surendra , Jasti Venkat
Published: February 2021

Background:

Central histamine H3 receptors are a family of presynaptic auto and heteroreceptors. Blockade of the presynaptic H3 receptors activates the downstream pathway(s) involved in the processes of learning and memory, making it a potential therapeutic option for ameliorating cognitive dysfunction. Samelisant (SUVN-G3031) is a potent and selective inverse agonist at the H3 receptors.

Aim:

The aim of this research is to study the effects of Samelisant in diverse animal models of cognitive functions.

Methods:

The effects of Samelisant on cognitive functions were studied using social recognition, object recognition and Morris water maze tasks. Neurochemical and electrophysiological effects of Samelisant were monitored using microdialysis and electroencephalography techniques.

Results:

Samelisant showed procognitive effects in diverse animal models of cognition at doses ranging from 0.3 to 3 mg/kg, per os ( p.o.) (social recognition and object recognition task). Samelisant significantly increased the brain acetylcholine levels in the cortex at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg, p.o. In the Morris water maze task, combined administration of suboptimal doses of Samelisant and donepezil resulted in procognitive effects significantly larger than the either treatment. Similarly, Samelisant significantly potentiated the effects of donepezil on pharmacodynamic biomarkers of cognition i.e. acetylcholine levels in brain and neuronal theta oscillations.

Conclusion:

Samelisant may have potential utility in the treatment of cognitive deficits associated with hypocholinergic state.