bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Herpes Simplex Virus Tumor-Associated Antigens in Cancer Patients
Authors: Tarro Giulio , Di Gioia Mario , Cocchiara Roberta , Smeraglia Riccardo , Giordano Giovan Giacomo , Tripodi Armando
Published: April 2018

Data are reported on the HSV nonstructural antigens detected in GPK and RK cells after infection with the same strain of virus. Both the HSV types 1 and 2 NV antigens consist of more than one component for which the immunized guinea pigs produce distinct antibodies. It was possible to separate by PAGE, HSV-induced markers not only from cells undergoing lytic infection by the virus but also from viable cells from squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and the urogenital tract. These fractions were tested with sera from cancer patients, and the percentages of their CF reactivity are reported. The specificity of the antibody to the antigen from the cancer cells was less high than that of the antibody to the antigen from HSV-infected cells. It is suggested that the use of these PAGE separate antigens would eliminate the need for removal of the virion antibody from the cancer sera prior to testing them for the NV-specific antibody.
Parenteral Hyperalimentation in Patients with Advanced Neoplastic Disease
Authors: Bozzetti Federico , Terno Giovanni , Pupa Alessandro , Uccellini Mario , Rota Giuseppina , Emanuelli Hermes
Published: April 2018

Two groups of patients suffering from advanced neoplastic disease were fed parenterally for a period ranging from 1 to 16 weeks. The parameters considered were: weight change, serum albumin level, lymphocyte transformation test and serum immunoglobulin level. There were 23 patients in one group and 21 patients in the other. Regimens included for group I: saline solution (1000–1500 ml), glucose (100–150 g) and amino acids (15–30 g) per day; for group 2: 40–50 Cal/kg per day (dextrose about 15 g/kg per day), about 2 g of amino acids/kg/day and about 40–50 ml water/kg/day. In addition, 13 patients underwent both treatments sequentially. All the Group I patients lost weight (1.3 kg/week); while out of 23 patients in Group 2, 15 gained weight, 2 remained unchanged and 6 continued to lose weight, but to a lesser rate than before hyperalimentation (the average weight gain was 1.1 kg/week). Serum albumin levels decreased in 19 out of 25 patients in Group I and increased in 14 out of 26 patients of Group 2. Initial values of the lymphocyte blast transformation test were very low in both groups of patients, and an increase was observed only in patients treated by hyperalimentation. The increase was more evident in patients who were not under antiblastic treatment. Changes in serum immunoglobulin levels were not significant. The authors conclude that malnutrition plays a very important role in neoplastic cachexia and can be improved by parenteral hyperalimentation. Although it is possible that in the near future hyperalimentation and conventional neoplastic therapies will play complementary roles in treatment of advanced neoplastic disease, malnutrition is still the specific indication for intravenous hyperalimentation.
In Vitro Function of Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia Granulocytes. Effects of Irradiation and Storage
Authors: Patrone Franco , Dallegri Franco , Brema Fulvio , Sacchetti Carlo
Published: April 2018

Granulocyte function was studied in 9 patients with untreated, Ph1-positive chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML). The nitroblue tetrazolium reduction by stimulated granulocytes was impaired in all patients; 4 patients also had diminished phagocytosis and 2 others defective Chemotaxis. In spite of this variety of polymorphonuclear (PMN) functional impairments, there is little evidence of increased susceptibility to infections in CML patients. This suggests that CML-PMN leucocytes (PMNs) may be successfully used for transfusion into neutropenic recipients, as previously reported. To evaluate the effects of irradiation and liquid storage on CML-PMNs, 5 of our patients were subjected to leukapheresis by continuous-flow centrifugation in the Aminco Celltrifuge, and granulocyte functional capacities were also evaluated on the cell-rich plasma immediately after collection and after short-term storage at 4°C with or without irradiation (1500 rads). As evaluated by in vitro studies, granulocytes maintained, even after irradiation, functional activities similar to those found immediately after collection up to 24 h of storage at 4°C and presented a moderate loss of function after 48 h. Chemotaxis appeared to be the most sensitive detector for cellular damage of stored leucocytes, irradiated and non-irradiated, so that it might be used for assessment of leucocyte function before transfusion.
Axillary Lymph Node Metastases from Occult Carcinoma of the Breast
Authors: Vezzoni Paolo , Balestrazzi Alberto , Bignami Paola , Concolino Francesco , Gennari Leandro , Veronesi Umberto
Published: April 2018

From the case records of the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan from 1956 to 1976, 49 cases of metastases in axillary lymph nodes from an occult carcinoma of the breast were selected. Forty-four patients underwent removal of the suspicious breast. In 11 patients no tumor was found at the pathologic examination. The survival of these patients was no different from the survival of those in whom the tumor was found. The 5-year survival of the total series was 87%, confirming that this type of presentation of breast cancer has a prognosis that is better than that generally reported for stage II carcinoma of the breast.
VP-16, Cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin and Cis-platinum (V:CAP-I) in Patients with Metastatic Adenocarcinoma of the Lung
Authors: Eagan Robert T. , Creagan Edward T. , Ingle James N. , Rubin Joseph , Frytak Stephen , Kvols Larry K. , Fleming Thomas R.
Published: April 2018

In an attempt to improve upon the 42% regression rate of the CAP-I regimen in patients with advanced adenocarcinoma of the lung, VP-16 was added to that regimen. VP-16, as a single agent, had a response rate of 12.5% (3/24) in a similar group of patients. The new regimen, V:CAP-I, had a tumor regression rate of 35% (7/20) and an estimated median survival of 171 days. Hence, we were unable to conclude that the addition of VP-16 to the CAP-I regimen statistically improved the regression rate of the CAP-I regimen.
Cyclophosphamide, Methotrexate, 5-Fluorouracil (CMF) in Advanced Gastrointestinal Cancer
Authors: Scanni Alberto , Tomirotti Maurizio , Margulis Arina , Biraghi Maurizio , Curtarelli Guglielmo
Published: April 2018

The effectiveness of the cyclophosphamide + methotrexate + 5-fluorouracil schedule (CMF) in 28 patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer has been studied. No complete remission was obtained; partial remission and objective improvement constituted 56%. The median response period is calculated at a minimum of 12 months, without significant differences between the group of patients previously subjected to palliative canalization surgery and the group of patients not subjected to this operation. The overall median survival time is 10.8 months. On the basis of the data given, the authors conclude by stressing that the CMF combination should be studied more fully in relation to its use in gastrointestinal forms of cancer.
Basal-Cell Tumors of the Lumbar Skin after Radiotherapy for Arthrosis
Authors: Di Pietro Sergio , Milani Aldo , Volterrani Fabio
Published: April 2018

Twenty-three cases of basal-cell tumor of the skin arising in the lumbar-sacral region after repeated irradiations in anti-inflammatory doses for arthrosis are discussed. The involved cutaneous region had been submitted to a number of roentgenotherapy cycles, varying from a minimum of 2 to a maximum of 10. The total dose absorbed at skin level varied between 14.4 and 72.0 Gy, administered over 2 to 6 years. Thirteen to 30 years (median, 19) had elapsed since the end of the irradiations. This observation compels a critical re-evaluation to be made concerning certain radiotheraphy indications. The treatment of these lesions involves some problems: radiotherapy is made difficult by the coexistence of often serious dystrophic lesions on the surrounding skin, and surgery is often unsuccessful. The topic application of a 5-fluorouracil ointment seems to achieve good results.
A Study of Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast Based on the Third National Cancer Survey in the United States of America
Authors: Henson Donald , Tarone Robert
Published: April 2018

Cases in in situ and infiltrating lobular carcinoma of the breast reported in the Third National Cancer Survey were reviewed according to age, sex, race, and geographic distribution. The age-specific incidence rates indicate that there are two peak age periods of risk for invasive lobular carcinoma, the first occurring in ages 40-50 years and the second after age 65. The incidence rates for lobular carcinoma were compared to the incidence rates for intraductal and infiltrating ductal carcinoma reported from the Third National Cancer Survey and for total breast cancer from the Miyagi prefecture in Japan. These comparisons indicate that factors which influence the geographic variation in breast cancer play important roles in the etiology of infiltrating ductal carcinoma, but may have little effect upon the incidence of lobular carcinoma and intraductal carcinoma. The limitations of large histological epidemiological surveys are discussed.
Study of Women who DID not Respond to Screening for Cervical Cancer
Authors: Berrino Franco , Chiappa Liliana , Oliverio Silvana , Todeschin Paolo , Turolla Enrico , Vegetti Pierluigi
Published: April 2018

Demographic and social factors influencing the population response to cervical screening programs have been studied. Age, marital status and, to a lesser extent, place of birth and socio-economic status were the most relevant factors. On the other hand, the reasons for nonparticipation were mainly the lack of information and motivation. Personal invitations, the recall of women who did not present on the first call, and the setting up of decentralized smear collection clinics proved to be useful tools to increase attendance.
Histopathological Evidence in Support of the Association of Elevated Proton Spin-lattice Relaxation Times with the Malignant State
Authors: Ranade S. S. , Shah Smita , Talwalkar G. V.
Published: April 2018

The pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance technique was explored for its potential diagnostic value in human cancer. Measurements of proton spin-lattice relaxation times (T1) of cellular water protons of normal and malignant esophageal tissues showed elevated T, values in the latter. In some cases, tissues which appeared normal on gross examination assumed as uninvolved tissues had T, values higher than the other grossly uninvolved tissues and often closer to the T, of the corresponding tumor tissue. A histopathological study of the assumed uninvolved areas also studied for the T, values was therefore undertaken. A preliminary study demonstrated the presence of malignant cell groups or clusters in some of the uninvolved samples with higher T1 compared to the true uninvolved tissues, which had a normal histological picture and low T, values. This observation has brought out the importance of histopathological studies in addition to relaxation studies to comprehend contributory factors to relaxation. Secondly, it lends support to the thesis of elevated T, values being characteristics of the malignant state.
Preliminary Study on the Carcinogenic Activity of the Fungicide Manganese Ethylenebisdithiocarbamate in the Adult Newt, Triturus Cristatus Carnifex
Authors: Zavanella Teresa , Arias Elio , Zaffaroni Nicoletta Pacces
Published: April 2018

Percutaneous exposure of adult newts to the fungicide manganese ethylenebisdithiocarbamate (maneb) at 3 concentration levels (0.5, 2.5 and 5.0 ppm) for a total of 19-23 weeks did not result in the induction of any neoplasms.
Endocrine Differentiation in Basal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Eusebi Vincenzo , Mambelli Vladimiro , Tison Vittorio , De Lellis Riccardo , Betts Christine M.
Published: April 2018

Argyrophilic cells have been found in 2 different basal cell carcinomas (BCC), and membrane-bound endocrine-like granules, in the carcinoid range, have been observed in 4 consecutive cases of such tumors. It is postulated that BCC can occasionally display cells showing an endocrine differentiation.
Prognostic Value of the Kiel Classification of Malignant Non-hodgkin's Lymphomas
Authors: Bettini Roberto , Chelazzi Giovanni
Published: April 2018

The aim of the present research was to evaluate the prognostic value of the Kiel classification of malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. For this purpose a series of 100 consecutive, previously untreated adults with advanced malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas was analyzed. The median age of the patients was 54 years; 61 patients were males. Although the number of the various groups considered was limited, a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) was found in the median survival of patients with lymphomas of low-grade malignancy (lymphocytic, lymphoplasmacytoid, centrocytic, centroblastic-centrocytic lymphoma) and lymphomas of high-grade malignancy (centroblastic, lymphoblastic, immunoblastic lymphoma). A difference in survival (p < 0.001) was also observed among the patients with lymphocytic lymphoma and those with centroblastic-centrocytic lymphoma, whereas no significant difference in survival was found between the histological subtypes of high-grade malignant lymphomas. Our observations support the opinion that the Kiel classification is useful in clinical practice to distinguish the histological types with a better prognosis from those with a worse one; in addition this classification appears to be of conceptual value.
Combination Chemotherapy with Vinblastine, Bleomycin and Methotrexate in Dtic-resistant Metastatic Melanoma
Authors: Porcile Gianfranco , Musso Mario , Boccardo Francesco , Rosso Riccardo , Santi Leonardo
Published: April 2018

Fifteen patients with metastatic DTIC-resistant malignant melanoma were treated with vinblastine, bleomycin and methotrexate combination chemotherapy. Three patients showed an objective response (one complete response). The therapy was well tolerated and easy to administer. This combination appears to produce in DTIC-resistant patients a response rate similar to that obtained with DTIC.
Histopathological Study of an Imperfect Type Ganglioneuroblastoma
Authors: Ceccamea Alberto , Bonamtco Margherita , Castello Manuel A.
Published: April 2018

Based on their observations, the authors stress the occurrence of 2 histological varieties of ganglioneuroblastoma; the former characterized by a combination of undifferentiated with mature typical ganglion cells, the latter revealing a combination of undifferentiated with pleomorphic atypical cells. After demonstrating the ganglion origin of pleomorphic cells, attention is focused on the difficulties involved in the diagnosis of the second type of ganglioneuroblastoma, which in the authors’ view should be included in the present classifications of ANS tumors.
Surgical Treatment of Minimal Breast Cancer
Authors: Salvadori Bruno , Greco Marco , Conti Alberto R.
Published: April 2018

The surgical approach to minimal breast cancer is still under discussion. In fact by the term « minimal » three lesions are meant, namely « lobular carcinoma in situ », « intraductal carcinoma » and invasive « microcarcinoma ». It is really difficult to indicate appropriate treatment for these tumors, also because the series reported in the literature are few and represented by a small number of cases. The present paper is a critical review of the literature on the subject. According to the most recent view lobular carcinoma in situ and intraductal carcinoma demand for radical surgery (total mastectomy) due to the high percentage of multicentricity and bilaterality of these lesions. More particularly with regard to lobular carcinoma in situ recent reports claim for a « wait and see » policy which is gaining favour, on the ground that the risk of developing invasive cancer in women with lobular carcinoma in situ is not so high and that the period of time between diagnosis of the lobular carcinoma and the development of the invasive cancer is usually very long. On the other side, for intraductal carcinoma, axillary dissection seems to be pleonastic due to the low percentage of secondary deposits in axillary lymph-nodes (1-3 %) in women operated on for intraductal carcinoma. Invasive microcarcinomas, less than 5 mm in diameter, should be considered as T1N0 tumors; actually there is no reason to treat them by a more conservative surgery than is done for T1N0 cancers, as they present the same involvement of the axillary lymph-nodes. In a small series of 38 microcarcinoma observed at the Milan Cancer Institut N+ cases were 27 %.
Variations in Serum Copper and Ceruloplasmin Levels in Advanced Gastrointestinal Cancer Treated with Polychemotherapy
Authors: Scanni Alberto , Tomirotti Maurizio , Licciardello Luciano , Annibali Ennio , Biraghi Maurizio , Trovato Marinella , Fittipaldi Mario , Adamoli Paola , Curtarelli Guglielmo
Published: April 2018

Serum copper and ceruloplasmin levels (SCL, SCeL) in 57 patients with advanced cancer of the stomach (35 cases) or large intestine (22 cases) treated with polychemotherapy were studies. In gastroenteric cancer, SCL, which are already high in untreated patients, have a tendency to increase further in cases of progression of the disease, while they seem to significantly decrease in cases of remission. SCeL during the trial appeared to be correlated to the clinical evolution of the disease only in the case of stomach cancer. In large intestine cancer, SCeL did not show any significant variation in relation to the normal range. These observations, in particular on the behavior of SCL in the neoplasms of the digestive tract, are in accordance with the results of other studies. The authors are inclined to attach a diagnostic and prognostic value to the variation in SCL and SCeL in gastrointestinal cancer.
Case Report of Heterotopic Bone Formation in Metastatic Carcinoma of the Colon
Authors: Caluori Domenico , Gallo Pietro
Published: April 2018

The case of an 83-year-old woman, who was operated on for an adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon and died with retroperitoneal metastases, is described. The postmortem examination showed widespread heterotopic bone formation in these metastases. Gastrointestinal cancers and their metastases are liable to calcify and ossify, and they do so more frequently than other malignant epithelial tumors. A search through the literature led to the discovery of 35 other cases of this type. The highest frequency of heterotopic bone formation occurs in cancers of the distal portion of the large intestine and in pulmonary and lymph node metastases. The results of the present case support the view that bone formation derives from the metaplasia of stromal fibroblasts into osteoblasts. The knowledge that gastrointestinal cancers can calcify and ossify has a definite diagnostic relevance for the radiologist and gastroenterologist.
A Computerized Cancer Patient Information System
Authors: Volterrani Fabio , Donati Gianni , Uslenghi Carlo , Sigurtà Davide , Centenaro Gustavo
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this study was to realize a computer system for cancer data automatic processing. A clinical research in oncological practice is usually time consuming and often not reliable or deceiving because of a number of various errors. Until now, only a few information systems have been specifically designed for cancer data processing, and these have a limited capacity of autonomous data elaboration. Our system, based on an original computer program, can compile, store and process essential data on cancer diseases, with a high degree of reliability and high speed of elaboration. Input and output of this system are simplified and user oriented, without limitations for the subject at study on clinical research, and no particular training of the physicians involved is necessary.
Analysis of Tumor Incidence in Balb/c Mice Used as Controls in Carcinogenicity Experiments
Authors: Dragani Tommaso A.
Published: April 2018

The tumor incidence was studied in 4 groups of BALB/c mice kept under observation in the same experimental conditions as untreated controls in the course of bioassays of chemical carcinogenesis. Two parameters that reflect the variations of environmental factors were studied: body growth and survival rate. Their possible influence on tumor incidence was also considered. Fluctuations were observed in the incidence of different tumor types among the groups, but the level of significance was reached only when comparing the incidence of hepatomas, adrenal cortex tumors and subcutaneous fibrosarcomas among males and the incidence of angiomas and angiosarcomas among females. No association was found between the variations of tumor incidence and body growth and survival rate, which remained constant among the groups.
Intercellular Glycosaminoglycans in Human Cancer
Authors: Cella Maria Cristina , Fibbi Gabriella , Cantini Cristina , Del Panta Zita , Vannucchi Simonetta , Del Rosso Mario , Cappelletti Renzo , Chiarugi Vincenzo P. , Crisci Clemente
Published: April 2018

Intercellular glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from various tissues were analyzed by cellulose acetate electrophoresis and enzymatic treatment with specific mucopolysaccharidases. Each tissue exhibits a particular composition of sulfated and unsulfated molecular species. Invariably, malignant human neoplasias and their metastases show striking variations in the electrophoretic pattern typical of the corresponding normal tissue. An absolute or relative increase in surface ChS A/C and HA seems to be a consistent feature of neoplastic transformation. On the other hand, the GAGs composition of benign noninfiltrative tumors does not vary greatly with respect to the original normal tissue.
Dna and Oestradiol Receptor Distribution in Human Breast Cancer
Authors: Romano Marta , Cerra Maria , Cecco Luigi , Panza Nicola
Published: April 2018

The content of DNA and oestradiol receptors was measured in two different samples taken from the same tumoral mass of 33 primary infiltrating ductal carcinomas. The results were related to the total cytoplasmic protein and to the DNA of the tissue. The results showed that variations of both DNA and oestradiol receptors are frequent and often significant. The reliability of analyses carried out on a single biopsy is discussed.
Feasibility of Different Combinations of Chemotherapy (6 MOPP) plus Radiotherapy in Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Volterrani Fabio , Zucali Roberto , Sigurtà Davide , Severini Aldo , Santoro Armando
Published: April 2018

During a preliminary clinical experience (1973-1977) we experimented three different sequences in associating 6 MOPP cycles (CT) with radiotherapy (RT) for the treatment of stage II and III Hodgkin's disease. A total of 55 consecutive previously untreated patients can be estimated to contribute in defining feasibility, immediate results and toxicity of the combined treatment. In this group of patients RT preceded CT in 20 cases (RT-6 MOPP), the opposite sequence (6 MOPP-RT) was preferred in 16 cases, whilst a split-course CT fitting in the RT (3 MOPP-RT-3 MOPP) was employed in 19 cases. Except for the sequence used with respect to irradiation, the CT was carried out in all the cases according to the classical scheme proposed by De Vita et al. (11). RT was effected with 60Co-teletherapy and a wide field or segmental sequential fields, having variable extension depending on the stage (« extended nodal irradiation » for stage II and III cases with lymph node involvement not below L3; « total nodal irradiation » for the remaining cases in stage III). The programmed doses were 45.0 Gy to the involved areas and 40.0 Gy to the clinically uninvolved regions for the RT-6 MOPP and 6 MOPP-RT groups. Doses of 35.0/30.0 Gy were planned for the 3 MOPP-RT-3 MOPP group. The three different groups are not homogeneous with regard to certain important clinical and pathological characteristics; in fact, a higher quota of stage III patients, with systemic symptoms and spleen positivity is present in the 6 MOPP-RT and 3 MOPP-RT-3 MOPP groups. The combined treatment has achieved a complete clinical remission in 18/20 patients in the RT-6 MOPP group (90.0 %), in 12/16 patients of the 6 MOPP-RT group (75.0%), and in 17/19 cases in the 3 MOPP–RT-3 MOPP « sandwich » combination (89.5%). The average overall duration of the treatment was 48 weeks for the sandwich combination, 50 weeks for the RT-6 MOPP group, and 56 weeks for the 6 MOPP-RT association. As regards the sandwich combination, both CT and RT took a reasonable length of time to complete. On the contrary, both the medical treatment and irradiation required an excessively long time and were not well tolerated when preceded by either RT or CT in full doses. In particular, myelosuppression was less acute and prolonged in the 3 MOPP-RT-3 MOPP group, whereas the actual doses of CT and RT were higher than those which can be reached with respect to other groups. Three preliminary cycles of CT considerably reduce the target volumes and complications arising from RT. The first CT time gave an objective response ≥ 50 % in 9/9 cases of the 3 MOPP-RT-3 MOPP group with mediastinal involvement. In this group, rather considerable pulmonary complications were observed in 3/9 patients (33.3 %) with respect to the 40 % found for the 6 MOPP-RT group (2/5 cases) and the 67.7 % for the RT-6 MOPP group (6/9 cases).
A Case of Hyperthyroidism due to Metastasis of a Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Turrin Alberto , Oriana Saro , Bonardi Paolo
Published: April 2018

A case of hyperthyroidism, which developed in a patient affected by thyroid carcinoma a few days after thyroidectomy, is described. The symptomatology was caused by a bone metastasis at the left ischiopubic branch, which had a high iodine-uptake capacity and was sensitive to metabolic radiotherapy. Pulmonary metastases were also present; they had a distinct low affinity for iodine and showed no response to repeated administrations of 131I. The case is evaluated on the basis of the evolution of the clinical picture and the hormone dosages administered in a follow-up period of 3 years.
Age Characteristics of Mesothelioma Incidence in the General Population of the Province of Padova, 1965–1976
Authors: Zambon Paola , Simonato Lorenzo , Mastrangelo Giuseppe , Saia Bruno , Chieco-Bianchi Luigi
Published: April 2018

Twenty-four incidental cases of mesothelioma, diagnosed in the province of Padova during the period 1965–1976, were analyzed according to age characteristics. The results show that the incidence rate increases in the general population under study at the same rate as in other populations occupationally and non-occupationally exposed to carcinogenic fibers according to the time since first exposure. This finding suggests a similar neoplastic process independent of age, in different environmental situations.
Effect of Theophyllin and Isoproterenol on cAMP Level in Melanotic and Amelanotic Hamster Melanomas
Authors: Blagoeva Penka Mileva , Balansky Rumen Mirchev
Published: April 2018

The level of cAMP was investigated in the following three types of hamster malignant melanomas: amelanotic, depigmented and melanotic. The amelanotic and depigmented tumors were undifferentiated, with high proliferative activity, and lacked tyrosinase. The melanotic one was slow growing, highly differentiated, and expressed tyrosinase activity. Among the melanomas investigated, the higher concentration of cAMP was found in undifferentiated tumors. The single treatment of the tumor-bearing animals with theophyllin or isoproterenol did not change the cAMP level in melanotic tumors, but significantly enhanced the cAMP content in amelanotic and especially depigmented melanomas. Multiple theophyllin treatment of tumor-bearing animals caused elevation of cAMP content in all tumors, but this effect was accompanied by enhancement of tyrosinase activity only in melanotic melanoma.
Polarographic Assay of Submicrogram Quantities of Cis-Dichlorodiamineplatinum (II) in Biological Samples
Authors: Bartošek Ivan , Cattaneo Maria Teresa , Grasselli Giovanni , Guaitani Amalia , Urso Renato , Zucca Emanuele , Libretti Arnaldo , Garattini Silvio
Published: April 2018

Differential pulse Polarographic assay of the antineoplastic agent cis-dichlorodiamineplatinum II and its analogues was performed after acid oxidative hydrolysis (HCIO4, HNO3, HCI) of biological samples (plasma, tissue homogenates, urine) and reaction with ethylenediamine. Platinum levels and kinetics were determined in blood and urine of patients with non-oat-cell lung carcinoma. Detection limit of the polarographic assay was 0.5 ng platinum; analytical error was ± 3%. Levels of free cis-dichlorodiamineplatinum (II) in plasma fell in samples stored at –20 °C; the half-life of free drug was 38 h.
In Vivo Requirements for the Immune Recognition of L1210 Leukemia Cells by Allogeneic T-Lymphocytes
Authors: Forni Guido , Lanfrancone Luisa , Giovarelli Mirella
Published: April 2018

The resistance of normal BALB/c mice (H-2d) against the L1210 Ha leukemia of DBA/2 mouse (H-2d) origin is due to the T-lymphocyte-dependent reaction towards DBA/2 multiple minor histocompatibility antigens (Mhas). These Mhas are displayed by the leukemic cells, though in a poorly immunogenic manner. The simultaneous presence of mitomycin C-inactivated DBA/2 leukocytes induces a significantly stronger T-lymphocyte-dependent reaction. This efficient presentation of target Mhas is restricted to Ia+ leukocytes. Their presence significantly increases BALB/c resistance, even when they are injected 3 days after the L1210 Ha challenge.
Neutrophil Function during Cyclic Chemotherapy for Cancer Disease
Authors: Garelli Sebastiano , Schieppati Giuseppe , Banfi Luciano , Meroni Pierluigi
Published: April 2018

A study of some aspects of granulocyte function was carried out before, during, and after cyclic chemotherapy in 9 patients surgically treated for carcinoma and in 6 patients with very advanced and inoperable cancer. In most patients, total leukocyte mobilization, Candida-stimulated nitroblue tetrazolium dye reduction, and phagocytosis increased after chemotherapy. Furthermore, delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions to PPD and above all to Varidase increased in the same cases. A significant correlation between accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes into skin chambers and skin tests was found in both groups of patients (p < 0.001). In some instances, fluctuations in the levels of circulating immune complexes without a distinct correlation between these complexes and granulocyte function were found. The data support the hypothesis that depressed granulocyte function may contribute to an increased susceptibility to infections and may be considered an additional factor that favors tumor dissemination. Chemotherapy seems to restore polymorphonuclear function and delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions.
Treatment of Early Stage Hodgkin's Disease with Radiation Therapy plus Short-Cycle (3 MOPP) Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Chisesi Teodora , Ricciardi Orlando , Dal Fior Sandra , Cappellari Francesco , Pozza Franco , Dini Enrico
Published: April 2018

Eighty-four consecutive, previously untreated patients with stage I, II A-B and IIIA Hodgkin's disease were treated with combined modality therapy including subtotal or total nodal irradiation, followed by three cycles of MOPP. MOPP was administered before radiotherapy in patients with systemic symptoms or with bulky disease. Seventy-six of 84 patients (90.5%) achieved complete remission, and 8 died from disease progression after a variable period of incomplete remission. Three of 76 (3.9%) relapsed, and 2 of them have been subsequently salvaged. Up to the present time, 70 patients are alive, without evidence of disease; 9 have died from Hodgkin's disease, 2 from acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia, and 3 from inter-current causes. No death occurred from acute toxicity due to chemotherapy. Actuarial overall survival is 82.3% and freedom from relapse is 81.8% after 48 months’ median observation (range: 12–111 months). No significant difference in survival and freedom from relapse has been observed with respect to age, sex, stage, presence or absence of unfavorable prognostic factors. The role of adjuvant chemotherapy and its use in a reduced number of cycles in early stage Hodgkin's disease are discussed.
Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas in the Follow-Up of Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Zanini Marcello , Zucali Roberto , Banfi Alberto
Published: April 2018

Prolonged follow-up of large series of patients treated for Hodgkin's disease with an intensive therapeutic approach has demonstrated an incidence of second tumors of around 5–10%. Acute leukemia is the most frequent second neoplasia, and treatments including alkylating agents and radiotherapy seem to be correlated with a higher risk of this fatal complication. Bone and soft tissue sarcomas have rarely been observed after treatment of Hodgkin's disease, and only a few cases are described in the literature. Four cases observed at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milano in a large series of nearly 800 patients treated over the last two decades with different modalities are presented. One case of chondrosarcoma and 3 cases of soft tissue sarcomas were diagnosed after a median and mean interval of 50 and 70 months, respectively (range 49–96). Three patients had been treated with radiotherapy plus chemotherapy (MOPP, 2 cases; ABVD, 1 case), and one with radiotherapy alone. The site of the second tumor was always within an irradiated area, which had received a dose ranging from 10 to 43 Gy. Prognosis of secondary bone and soft tissue sarcomas is very poor. Three of our cases died 14, 15 and 19 months after diagnosis; only one patient is alive, 3 months after diagnosis of a chondrosarcoma. The problem of second tumors in patients treated for Hodgkin's disease requires a careful evaluation of aggressive treatment modalities to minimize the risks of this severe complication.
Urinary Neopterin Levels in Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Santelli Giovanni , Marfella Antonio , Abate Giuseppe , Comella Pasquale , Nitsch Ferdinando , Perna Mario
Published: April 2018

We studied urinary excretion levels of neopterin in 30 cancer patients affected by non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, Hodgkin's disease and multiple myeloma compared to 30 healthy subjects. Mean value of neopterin excretion in cancer patients (576.01 ± 620.37) appeared significantly increased (p < 0.001) compared to normal controls (134.40 ± 41.65). A neopterin excretion above the upper normal limit was observed in 23/28 (82%) patients with active disease. A trend to an increased urinary level of neopterin with more advanced stage was observed, namely in patients with bone marrow involvement and constitutional symptoms. We suggest that the evaluation of urinary neopterin levels may be of value in the diagnosis and follow-pu of hematologic malignancies.
Anaplasia and Heterogeneity of Gfap Expression in Gliomas
Authors: Schiffer Davide , Giordana Maria Teresa , Germano Isabella , Mauro Alessandro
Published: April 2018

GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) distribution was investigated in selected areas of glioblastomas and astrocytomas. The proliferating cell population of glioblastomas was GFAP negative and contained many mitoses which were also negative. The old, deeply located areas were composed of cells with visible cytoplasm, intensely GFAP-positive; mitoses in these areas were both GFAP-positive and negative. GFAP-positive reactive astrocytes, once trapped in the tumor, were no longer distinguishable from positive tumor cells. They sometimes contained mitoses. In astrocytoma, anaplasia was due to the development of a GFAP-negative population with negative mitoses. The problem of dedifferentiation and differentiation of malignant gliomas in discussed taking into account the possiblity that malignancy may be due to increasing mutation rates of tumors. The problem of redifferentiation of already dedifferentiated cells is also discussed.
Flow Cytometrically Determined DNA Content of Breast Carcinoma and Benign Lesions: Correlations with Histopathological Parameters
Authors: Uccelli Raffaella , Calugi Alberto , Forte Donato , Mauro Francesco , Polonio-Balbi Paolo , Vecchione Aldo , Vizzone Antonio , De Vita Raffaele
Published: April 2018

The relative DNA content of cellular samples from 54 patients affected by breast carcinomas and 20 affected by benign breast lesions (including 11 fibroadenomas) was measured by flow cytometry. All normal tissue samples and 17/20 (85%) specimens from benign lesions exhibited a cytometrically diploid DNA distribution, 3/20 (15%) benign lesions an abnormal DNA content, and 35/54 (65%) carcinomas at least one aneuploid cell subpopulation. Furthermore, 9/54 (17%) tumors were characterized by the presence of more than one aneuploid cell subpopulation. The results also indicate that flow cytometry can be used to recognize lymph nodes infiltrated by aneuploid cells. Statistically significant correlations were evidenced between the occurrence of aneuploidy or the ploidy level measured as DNA index and the nodal infiltration status. The percentage of S cells can also be extracted from DNA content distribution histograms. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.01) were also observed for the percentage of S cells between normal tissues (6.2±3.2 SD) and benign lesions (11.1±6.6 SD), normal tissues (6.2 ± 3.2 SD) and aneuploid tumors (19.7 ± 10.3 SD), benign lesions (11.1 ± 6.6 SD) and aneuploid tumors (19.7 ± 10.3 SD), and diploid (7.9 ± 4.0 SD) and aneuploid tumors (19.7 ± 10.3 SD).
Intraductal Carcinoma within a Phyllodes Tumor of the Breast: A Case Report
Authors: Grove Anni , Kristensen Lone Deibjerg
Published: April 2018

The first reported case in the world literature of a ductal carcinoma in situ located within a phyllodes tumor of the breast is presented. Previously reported cases of carcinoma in phyllodes tumors are reviewed, and the relationship between carcinoma arising in fibroadenomas and phyllodes tumors is discussed.
Thyroid Function in Gestational Trophoblastic Tumors
Authors: Vergadoro Franca , Tabacchi Laura , Barbacini Pietro , Vassena Laura , Zanaboni Flavia , Bolis Giorgio
Published: April 2018

Thyroid function was assessed in a total of 15 cases, 7 of whom had choriocarcinoma and 8 hydatidiform mole, by measuring free T3, free T4, thyroxin-binding globulin (TBG), basal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and after the thyrotropin-releasing hormone test (ΔTSH). Free T3, free T4 and TBG were investigated in the same number of healthy women within the first three months of pregnancy. Only 13.4% of the cases presented elevated levels of free T3 and T4 and TBG; TSH and ΔTSH were within normal limits. Both thyroid hormones and TBG returned to within normal limits when β-human chorionic gonadotropin became undetectable. One patient was found to be hypothyroid. Comparison with the control group showed no significant differences except in TBG levels, which were higher in controls. A significant, direct correlation was found between levels of free T3 and T4 and TBG and the pattern of human chorionic gonadotropin.
Purification to Homogeneity of the Major «4S» PAH Binding Protein from «Non Responsive » DBA/2N Mouse Liver by Affinity Chromatography
Authors: Masucci Maria Teresa , Masi Carlo , Martini Elisa , Maiello Ciro , Papaleo Giuseppe , Sica Vincenzo
Published: April 2018

DBA/2N is a genetically non responsive inbred strain of mice in which administration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) does not induce microsomal monooxygenase activity. DBA/2N mouse liver cytosol contains a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-binding protein that sediments, in a sucrose gradient, at 4S (« 4S » PAH-BP). Its binding kinetic and physicochemical properties indicate that this protein is practically indistinguishable from the « 4S » PAH-BP identified and characterized in liver cytosol of rats and other PAH responsive rodents including C57 B1/6J mice. « 4S » PAH-BP was purified to homogeneity from DBA/2N mouse liver by ammonium sulfate fractionation of the cytosol, followed by Sephadex G-200 chromatography and, finally, affinity chromatography using 1-aminopyrene-Sepharose 6B. This procedure yielded about 50 μg of protein from 50–60 g of mouse liver, with a recovery of 18%. «4S » PAH-BP as a complex with 3H-(benzo-a-pyrene) was more than 99% pure. A single band was seen on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under non denaturing conditions. H-BaP comigrated with the protein band. 3H-BaP bound to the protein was displaced by PAHs with a specificity identical to that obtained using crude cytosol. On electrophoresis in SDS gels, the purified protein migrated as a single protein band with an apparent molecular weight of 40,000.
Persistent Generalized Lymphadenopathy Syndrome vs «Aids» - Unrelated Malignant Lymphoma: Comparison of Presenting Clinical and Laboratory Findings in 88 Patients
Authors: Tirelli Umberto , Vaccher Emanuela , Zagonel Vittorina , Saracchini Silvana , Bertola Giulio , Serraino Diego , Monfardini Silvio , Carbone Antonino ,   Aids And Related Syndromes Study Group
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this report is to document and compare the presenting clinical and laboratory findings of 38 patients, all intravenous drug abusers, with pathologically documented persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL), and of 50 patients with AIDS-unrelated malignant lymphoma (30 with Hodgkin's disease and 20 with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma). All patients, aged 40 years or less, consecutively seen since May 1984 in a single institution in Italy, have prospectively undergone a similar clinico-pathologic approach. In addition to a history of intravenous drug abuse and HIV serology, the results indicate that a history of infection in the previous year, night sweats, weight loss, generalized lymphadenopathy, β2 microglobuline, transaminase, T4/T8 ratio < 1, and polyclonal hypergamma-globulinemia significantly increased among PGL patients compared with patients with AIDS-unrelated malignant lymphoma. In contrast, patients with malignant lymphoma had a significant increase in mediastinal lymph nodes, sedimentation rate, LDH, fibrinogen and anemia. Therefore, at this time of an AIDS epidemic, after histologic diagnosis of reactive lymphadenopathy has been performed in young patients presenting with generalized lymphadenopathy, a request for a second biopsy and other invasive procedures may be avoided if clinical and laboratory data suggest a PGL syndrome. If not already performed, HIV antibody detection should be carried out in this setting.
Human Fibroblast Interferon Adjuvant to CO2 Laser in the Treatment of Recurrent Juvenile Laryngeal Papillomatosis: Experience with 7 Cases
Authors: Chiesa Fausto , Donghi Rosangela , Pilotti Silvana , Sala Luigi , Stefanon Bernardina
Published: April 2018

Preliminary results of adjuvant human fibroblasts interferon (IFN beta) given after CO2 laser excision in recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis in 7 adult patients are reported. Diagnostic procedure included histologic and immunohistochemical investigations to demonstrate the presence of viral cytopathic effect and for characterization of the virus. All patients underwent CO2 laser excision under general anesthesia followed by administration of IFN beta intramuscularly at the dose of 4x106 IU/day for 10 consecutive days. In the presence of complete remission, patients were followed without further therapy; in the presence of partial remission, a new combined treatment was established. All patients had a complete remission after combined treatment, but 4 subsequently developed recurrences. Treatments were always well tolerated; even cirrhotic patients showed no side effects.
Adjuvant Chemotherapy with Fluorouracil and ccnu in Colon Cancer. Results of a Multicentric Randomized Study
Authors: Marangolo Maurizio , Pezzuoli Giuseppe , Marubini Ettore , Amadori Dino , Boracchi Patrizia , Cocconi Giorgio , Cunsolo Antonio , Garcea Domenico , Germiniani Roberto , Luporini Gino , Malacarne Paolo , Mezzanotte Guerrino , Nava Maurizio , Rebuffat Carlo , Renda Andrea , Zecchini Anna Maria , De Palo Giuseppe
Published: April 2018

To establish the effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with colon cancer after radical surgery, from 1980 to December 1983, 263 patients were randomized in a multicentric study to no further treatment (131 patients) or to a combination of fluorouracil (5-FU) (400 mg/m2 i.v., days 1–5) and lomustine (CCNU) (100 mg/m2 per os on day 5) every 6 weeks for 9 cycles (132 patients). The two groups were well balanced for age, sex, histology, tumor and nodal extent. Chemotherapy was not given to 30 of the 132 randomized patients, and of 98 treated patients only 38 completed the entire protocol. Analysis, as intention to treat, at 54 months did not show any significant difference between the two treatment groups in terms of relapse-free survival (surgery alone, 74.5%; surgery+adjuvant chemotherapy, 70.9%; p = 0.91). In contrast, a significant difference was observed in overall survival (surgery alone, 78.8%; surgery+adjuvant chemotherapy, 60.8%; p = 0.04). The sites of relapse were identical in the two treatment arms. In conclusion, from this study it appears that adjuvant chemotherapy with 5-FU and CCNU seems to have no efficacy in the cure rate of colon cancer patients.
Results of Hyperthermia, Alone or Combined with Irradiation, in Chest Wall Recurrences of Breast Cancer
Authors: Sannazzari Gian Luca , Gabriele Pietro , Orecchia Roberto , Tseroni Vassiliki
Published: April 2018

In the period between September 1983 and July 1987, 28 loco-regional recurrences (about 86% in the chest wall) of breast cancer in 19 patients were treated with external microwave hyperthermia. Of these, 11 lesions were treated with hyperthermia alone and 17 with the combination of heat and external irradiation. Hyperthermia was induced in most cases with 915 MHz microwave (at least 42 °C for 30–45 min, for 6–10 sessions). Radiation was administered using photon or electron beams with total doses varying from 2000 to 5000 cGy. Complete and partial response rates on the whole series of patients were 53.6% and 42.9%, respectively. Of 17 lesions treated with combined treatment, 10 had a complete (58.8%) and 7 a partial response; of 11 lesions treated with hyperthermia alone, 5 had a complete (45.5%), 5 a partial (45.5%), and 1 no response. Complete responses were long lasting in all but 3 cases, which recurred after 4 months (2 cases) and 1 year, respectively.
Cellularity of the Ovarian Stroma in Patients with Endometrial Carcinoma
Authors: Aalto Marja-Leena
Published: April 2018

Cellularity of the ovarian stroma was determined morphometrically in 124 patients with endometrial carcinoma and was correlated with histologic and clinical features of the neoplasm. High cellularity of the ovarian stroma was found to be significantly associated with poor histologic differentiation of the tumor. There was a correlation between patient age and the degree of differentiation and depth of myometrial invasion of the tumor, whereas age did not correlate with clinical stage of the carcinoma or with cellularity of the ovary. Since the ovarian stroma produces androgens, which after peripheral conversion may exhibit estrogenic activity, hyperplasia of the ovarian stroma may contribute not only to the development of well-differentiated endometrial carcinomas, but also to that of poorly differentiated carcinomas. So far, the latter have been considered mostly unrelated to estrogenic influence.