bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training Type on Body Fat Percentage, Fat and Fat-Free Mass: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Khodadadi Fatemeh , Bagheri Reza , Negaresh Raoof , Moradi Sajjad , Nordvall Michael , Camera Donny M. , Wong Alexei , Suzuki Katsuhiko
Published: March 2023

This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) compared body compositional changes, including fat mass (FM), body fat percentage (BF%), and fat-free mass (FFM), between different types of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) (cycling vs. overground running vs. treadmill running) as well as to a control (i.e., no exercise) condition. Meta-analyses were carried out using a random-effects model. The I2 index was used to assess the heterogeneity of RCTs. Thirty-six RCTs lasting between 3 to 15 weeks were included in the current systematic review and meta-analysis. RCTs that examined the effect of HIIT type on FM, BF%, and FFM were sourced from online databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar up to 21 June 2022. HIIT (all modalities combined) induced a significant reduction in FM (weighted mean difference [WMD]: −1.86 kg, 95% CI: −2.55 to −1.18, p = 0.001) despite a medium between-study heterogeneity (I2 = 63.3, p = 0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed cycling and overground running reduced FM (WMD: −1.72 kg, 95% CI: −2.41 to −1.30, p = 0.001 and WMD: −4.25 kg, 95% CI: −5.90 to −2.61, p = 0.001, respectively); however, there was no change with treadmill running (WMD: −1.10 kg, 95% CI: −2.82 to 0.62, p = 0.210). There was a significant reduction in BF% with HIIT (all modalities combined) compared to control (WMD: −1.53%, 95% CI: −2.13, −0.92, p = 0.001). All forms of HIIT also decreased BF%; however, overground running induced the largest overall effect (WMD: −2.80%, 95% CI: −3.89 to −1.71, p = 0.001). All types of HIIT combined also induced an overall significant improvement in FFM (WMD: 0.51 kg, 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.95, p = 0.025); however, only cycling interventions resulted in a significant increase in FFM compared to other exercise modalities (WMD: 0.63 kg, 95% CI: 0.17 to 1.09, p = 0.007). Additional subgroup analyses suggest that training for more than 8 weeks, at least 3 sessions per week, with work intervals less than 60 s duration and separated by ≤90 s active recovery are more effective for eliciting favorable body composition changes. Results from this meta-analysis demonstrate favorable body composition outcomes following HIIT (all modalities combined) with overall reductions in BF% and FM and improved FFM observed. Overall, cycling-based HIIT may confer the greatest effects on body composition due to its ability to reduce BF% and FM while increasing FFM.
Renal Stones and Gallstones Correlated with the Ten-Year Risk Estimation of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Based on the Pooled Cohort Risk Assessment of Males Aged 40–79
Authors: Chen Hui-Yu , Chang Chih-Jen , Yang Yi-Ching , Lu Feng-Hwa , Sun Zih-Jie , Wu Jin-Shang
Published: March 2023

Background: The risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is unknown for subjects with both gallstones and renal stones, nor is it known whether there is a difference in the risk between gallstones and renal stones. This study aimed to determine the risk relationship between gallstones and renal stones and the risk of ASCVD in a male population. Methods: We recruited 6371 eligible males aged 40 to 79 years old who did not have a documented ASCVD history. The ten-year ASCVD risk was calculated using the pooled cohort equations developed by the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA). The ASCVD risk score was classified as a low risk (<7.5%), an intermediate risk (7.5% to 19.9%), or a high risk (≥20%). The diagnosis of gallstones and renal stones was established based on the results of abdominal sonography. Results: Both gallstones and renal stones were associated with a high level of intermediate risk (OR = 3.21, 95% CI = 1.89–5.49, p < 0.001) and high risk (OR = 3.01, 95% CI = 1.48–6.12, p < 0.001), compared to individuals with no stones at all, after adjusting for the effects of other clinical variables. The possession of gallstones was associated with a higher level of high ASCVD risk (OR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.31–2.59, p < 0.05) than that of renal stones. Conclusions: The ASCVD risk was higher for males with gallstones than for those with renal stones. Men with both types of stones faced a risk of ASCVD that was three times higher than that of men without stones.
Correction: Bertelli et al. Is Less Always More? A Prospective Two-Centre Study Addressing Clinical Outcomes in Leadless versus Transvenous Single-Chamber Pacemaker Recipients. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 6071
Authors: Bertelli Michele , Toniolo Sebastiano , Ziacchi Matteo , Gasperetti Alessio , Schiavone Marco , Arosio Roberto , Capobianco Claudio , Mitacchione Gianfranco , Statuto Giovanni , Angeletti Andrea , Martignani Cristian , Diemberger Igor , Forleo Giovanni Battista , Biffi Mauro
Published: March 2023

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]
Creativity, Critical Thinking, Communication, and Collaboration: Assessment, Certification, and Promotion of 21st Century Skills for the Future of Work and Education
Authors: Thornhill-Miller Branden , Camarda Anaëlle , Mercier Maxence , Burkhardt Jean-Marie , Morisseau Tiffany , Bourgeois-Bougrine Samira , Vinchon Florent , El Hayek Stephanie , Augereau-Landais Myriam , Mourey Florence , Feybesse Cyrille , Sundquist Daniel , Lubart Todd
Published: March 2023

This article addresses educational challenges posed by the future of work, examining “21st century skills”, their conception, assessment, and valorization. It focuses in particular on key soft skill competencies known as the “4Cs”: creativity, critical thinking, collaboration, and communication. In a section on each C, we provide an overview of assessment at the level of individual performance, before focusing on the less common assessment of systemic support for the development of the 4Cs that can be measured at the institutional level (i.e., in schools, universities, professional training programs, etc.). We then present the process of official assessment and certification known as “labelization”, suggesting it as a solution both for establishing a publicly trusted assessment of the 4Cs and for promoting their cultural valorization. Next, two variations of the “International Institute for Competency Development’s 21st Century Skills Framework” are presented. The first of these comprehensive systems allows for the assessment and labelization of the extent to which development of the 4Cs is supported by a formal educational program or institution. The second assesses informal educational or training experiences, such as playing a game. We discuss the overlap between the 4Cs and the challenges of teaching and institutionalizing them, both of which may be assisted by adopting a dynamic interactionist model of the 4Cs—playfully entitled “Crea-Critical-Collab-ication”—for pedagogical and policy-promotion purposes. We conclude by briefly discussing opportunities presented by future research and new technologies such as artificial intelligence and virtual reality.
Virulence and Genetic Types of Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei in Tibet and Surrounding Areas
Authors: Wang Yunjing , Zhuoma Qucuo , Xu Zhi , Peng Yunliang , Wang Mu
Published: March 2023

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is the most important cereal crop in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and the yield has been seriously threatened by Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh) in recent years. To understand the virulence and genetic traits of different Bgh populations, 229 isolates of Bgh were collected from Tibet, Sichuan, Gansu and Yunnan provinces of China during 2020 and 2021, and their pathogenicity to 21 barley lines of different genotypes was assessed. A total of 132 virulent types were identified. The Bgh isolates from Yunnan showed the highest diversity in terms of virulence complexity (Rci) and genetic diversity (KWm), followed by those from Sichuan, Gansu, and Tibet, in that order. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in genes coding for alternative oxidase (AOX), protein kinase A (PKA), and protein phosphatase type 2A (PPA) were detected at seven polymorphic sites. Nine haplotypes (H1–H9) with an average haplotype diversity (Hd) and nucleotide diversity π of 0.564 and 0.00034, respectively, were observed. Of these, haplotypes H1 and H4 accounted for 88.8% of the isolates, and H4 was predominant in Tibet. Genetic diversity analysis using the STRUCTURE (K = 2) and AMOVE indicated that the inter-group variation accounted for 54.68%, and inter- and intra-population genotypic heterogeneity accounted for 23.90% and 21.42%, respectively. The results revealed the recent expansion of the Bgh population in Tibet, accompanied by an increase in virulence and a loss of genetic diversity.
Evaluating the Visual Metaphors of Financial Concepts through Content Analysis
Authors: Malik Awais
Published: March 2023

Adding pictures to instructional materials that are relevant and representational supports meaningful learning. However, it is not always straightforward to generate such pictures, for example, for abstract concepts. It is much easier to make representational pictures of concrete concepts, “table” or “chair”, compared to abstract concepts, “loyalty” or “democracy”. The field of finance is full of abstract or complex financial concepts, such as pension, market value, and asset valuation—to name a few. How do we then make pictures of such financial concepts that can represent them? In this regard, visual metaphors could provide hints as to how complex financial concepts can be presented in the form of pictures. For this purpose, this study analyzed the representation of complex financial concepts in terms of visual metaphors. Visual metaphors of five financial concepts were selected from the financial learning content online. These included: (1) risk diversification, (2) inflation, (3) compound interest, (4) time value of money, and (5) financial risk. Using the content analysis approach, each of the visual metaphors were analyzed to determine how different features of the given financial concept were mapped onto the visual metaphor, making them representational. Results indicate that visual metaphors could be an effective and creative way to present complex financial concepts in the form of representational pictures.
Residents’ Satisfaction with Green Spaces and Daily Life in Small Urban Settings: Romanian Perspectives
Authors: Cernicova-Buca Mariana , Gherheș Vasile , Obrad Ciprian
Published: March 2023

The availability and accessibility of green spaces in urban settings are important factors in determining the sustainability of cities and the quality of urban life. However, the literature indicates a need for evidence-based data correlating green areas and perceived well-being in the city. This study focuses on a vignette study of the satisfaction with green spaces in a Romanian small urban setting that meets the standards of green space availability and accessibility proposed by the World Health Organization. The data obtained by applying a questionnaire to a sample of 600 residents highlight the appreciation of the local people for the characteristics, functions, and availability of urban green spaces. The study establishes statistically significant correlations between the general satisfaction with life and the distance in meters to the nearest park, between the general satisfaction with life and the distance in time to the nearest park, and between the distance in meters and the time spent in parks and green spaces. The results can be used to establish a participatory agenda for local authorities interested in gaining insight from residents for the future actions needed to develop green spaces and to provide them with the opportunity to reflect upon the correlations between outdoor activities in such spaces and people’s well-being in urban settings.
Changes in Land Use Pattern and Structure under the Rapid Urbanization of the Tarim River Basin
Authors: Hou Yifeng , Chen Yaning , Li Zhi , Wang Yang
Published: March 2023

Urbanization not only affects a region’s economic development but also impacts its land use structure. As the largest inland river basin in China, the Tarim River Basin has experienced rapid economic growth and urbanization in recent years, posing a serious threat to its soil and water resources and ecological sustainability. In this study, four remote sensing data products from 1990–2020 are selected to explore the distribution of land use types and their land structure changes in the basin in the context of rapid urbanization. The results show that the built-up land area increased by 2855.74 km2 during 1990–2020, mainly from the transfer of grassland and barren land. Furthermore, the migration of the center of gravity of built-up land moved from the desert to oasis areas, indicating that the urbanization process intensified during the study period. The overall trend is toward a continuous increase in arable and built-up land area and a continuous decrease in barren land. Future trends in the Tarim River Basin predict that arable land will decrease and that built-up land will continue to increase. However, the increase in built-up land will level off, mainly due to the transfer of arable land and grassland, which accounts for 37.94% and 20.40%, respectively. The migration characteristics of the center of gravity of each land type in the basin varied widely during 1990–2020, but the land structure will tend toward a gradual balance in the future. Therefore, in the context of increasing urbanization, focusing on the sustainable development of regional soil and water resources and ecology is crucial for the coordinated development of regional resources and economy.
Cognitive Fusion, Ruminative Response Style and Depressive Spectrum Symptoms in a Sample of University Students
Authors: Miniati Mario , Busia Sara , Conversano Ciro , Orrù Graziella , Ciacchini Rebecca , Cosentino Viarda , Marazziti Donatella , Gemignani Angelo , Palagini Laura
Published: March 2023

Psychological inflexibility is related to depressive symptoms through the ‘ruminative response style’ (RR) and ‘cognitive fusion’ (CF). We aimed at exploring whether university students were more exposed to CF, RR and depressive symptoms because of their intellectual performance than non-university students of the same age. We compared university students (US) (n = 105) vs. non-university students (NUS) (n = 76) through online administration of the ‘Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire’ (CFQ-7), the ‘Depression-Zung Self-Assessment Scale’ (ZSDS) and the ‘Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire’ (PTQ) (study protocol #0077818/2022, approved by the Ethical Committee of the University of Pisa, Italy). University students scored significantly higher than non-university students in the CFQ-7 Total Score (27.5 ± 9.4 vs. 24.4 ± 9.5; p = 0.040), ZSDS Total Score (41.1 ± 7.7 vs. 39.0 ± 7.3; p = 0.031), PTQ Total Score (26.1 ± 13.1 vs. 21.8 ± 13.9; p = 0.029), PTQ ‘Repetitiveness’ (5.3 ± 2.8 vs. 4.5 ± 2.9; p = 0.034), ‘Intrusiveness’ (5.8 ± 3.0 vs. 4.8 ± 3.1; p = 0.046) and ‘Repetitive Negative Thinking capturing mental resources’ (5.0 ± 3.1 vs. 4.0 ± 3.0; p = 0.013) (MANOVA analysis). In a binary logistic regression analysis of US (with ZSDS scores < 44 vs. ≥44 as the dependent variable, and PTQ Total Score and dimensions, CFQ-7 Total Score, age and gender as the covariates), PTQ Total Score predicted the more severe depressive symptomatology (OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.017–2.039; p = 0.040). We believe that RR and CF should be specifically targeted through psychoeducational/psychotherapeutic interventions in university students.
Chemical Burn-Induced Corrosive Epiglottitis in an Elderly Patient with Major Depression
Authors: Lu Ang , Hsu Cheng-Ming , Tsai Yao-Te , Tsai Ming-Shao , Chang Geng-He
Published: March 2023

Acute epiglottitis (AE) is a potential emergency of the respiratory tract caused mainly by bacterial infection. However, nonbacterial infection causes, such as corrosive injuries, may result in death due to gastrointestinal perforation if a timely diagnosis is not available. We report the case of an elderly patient with an acute melancholic episode who encountered corrosive epiglottitis (CE) caused by accidental ingestion of hydrochloric acid and compare the features of CE and AE, including the immediate onset of symptoms, normal findings on blood tests, and endoscopy revealing pale swollen epiglottitis. This case can prove to be an important reference for clinicians for differential diagnosis, especially when treating epiglottitis in patients with psychiatric disorders and unclear expression.
Selection Route of Precursor Materials in 3D Printing Composite Filament Development for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Mocanu Aura-Cătălina , Miculescu Florin , Constantinescu Andreea Elena , Pandele Mădălina-Andreea , Voicu Ștefan Ioan , Cîmpean Anișoara , Miculescu Marian , Negrescu Andreea Mariana
Published: March 2023

Additive manufacturing or 3D printing technologies might advance the fabrication sector of personalised biomaterials with high-tech precision. The selection of optimal precursor materials is considered the first key-step for the development of new printable filaments destined for the fabrication of products with diverse orthopaedic/dental applications. The selection route of precursor materials proposed in this study targeted two categories of materials: prime materials, for the polymeric matrix (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polylactic acid (PLA)); and reinforcement materials (natural hydroxyapatite (HA) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) of different dimensions). HA was isolated from bovine bones (HA particles size < 40 μm, <100 μm, and >125 μm) through a reproducible synthesis technology. The structural (FTIR-ATR, Raman spectroscopy), morphological (SEM), and, most importantly, in vitro (indirect and direct contact studies) features of all precursor materials were comparatively evaluated. The polymeric materials were also prepared in the form of thin plates, for an advanced cell viability assessment (direct contact studies). The overall results confirmed once again the reproducibility of the HA synthesis method. Moreover, the biological cytotoxicity assays established the safe selection of PLA as a future polymeric matrix, with GNP of grade M as a reinforcement and HA as a bioceramic. Therefore, the obtained results pinpointed these materials as optimal for future composite filament synthesis and the 3D printing of implantable structures.
Catalytic Steam-Assisted Pyrolysis of PET for the Upgrading of TPA
Authors: Song Kuntong , Li Yi , Zhang Ruiqi , Wang Nan , Liu Junhong , Hou Wenxia , Zhou Qing , Lu Xingmei
Published: March 2023

Compared with conventional pyrolysis, steam-assisted pyrolysis of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) can effectively eliminate char and upgrade terephthalic acid (TPA). However, during steam-assisted pyrolysis of PET, the degree of cracking still varies greatly, and while some of the product is excessively cracked to gas, the other part is still insufficiently cracked. In addition, these two types of products seriously affect the yield and purity of TPA. To further enhance the TPA, an attempt was made to reduce these impurities simultaneously by synergistic catalysis among the different components of the metal–acid catalyst. Through a series of experiments, Pt@Hzsm-5 was screened as the optimal catalyst. In the catalytic steam-assisted pyrolysis of PET, the optimum reaction temperature decreased to 400 °C, the calculated yield of TPA increased to 98.23 wt%, and the purity increased to 92.2%. The Pt@Hzsm-5 could be recycled three times with no significant decrease in the obtained yield of TPA. The catalytic mechanism of the Pt@Hzsm-5 was investigated through the analysis of the products and isotope tracing experiments. The Pt catalyzed the hydrogen transfer reaction between the water molecules and PET molecules, which inhibited the excessive cracking of TPA by improving the hydrogen transfer efficiency, reduced the generation of gaseous products, and improved the calculated yield of TPA. In contrast, the Hzsm-5 catalyzed the reaction of monovinyl ester cracking to TPA, effectively reducing the impurities in the solid product, increasing the olefin yield, and improving the purity of TPA. This discovery not only clarifies the synergistic catalytic effect of the Pt@Hzsm-5 in the steam-assisted pyrolysis of the PET reaction but also lays the foundation for further screening of other inexpensive metal–acid catalysts. This is of great significance to realize the industrial application of TPA preparation by PET pyrolysis.
Investigation of the Effect of PbO Doping on Telluride Glass Ceramics as a Potential Material for Gamma Radiation Shielding
Authors: Kozlovskiy Artem L. , Shlimas Dmitriy I. , Zdorovets Maxim V. , Elsts Edgars , Konuhova Marina , Popov Anatoli I.
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of PbO doping of multicomponent composite glass-like ceramics based on TeO2, WO3, Bi2O3, MoO3, and SiO2, which are one of the promising materials for gamma radiation shielding. According to X-ray diffraction data, it was found that the PbO dopant concentration increase from 0.10 to 0.20–0.25 mol results in the initialization of the phase transformation and structural ordering processes, which are expressed in the formation of SiO2 and PbWO4 phases, and the crystallinity degree growth. An analysis of the optical properties showed that a change in the ratio of the contributions of the amorphous and ordered fractions leads to the optical density increase and the band gap alteration, as well as a variation in the optical characteristics. During the study of the strength and mechanical properties of the synthesized ceramics, depending on the dopant concentration, it was found that when inclusions in the form of PbWO4 are formed in the structure, the strength characteristics increase by 70–80% compared to the initial data, which indicates the doping efficiency and a rise in the mechanical strength of ceramics to external influences. During evaluation of the shielding protective characteristics of the synthesized ceramics, it was revealed that the formation of PbWO4 in the structure results in a rise in the high-energy gamma ray absorption efficiency.
Bacterial Adhesion on Dental Polymers as a Function of Manufacturing Techniques
Authors: Bächle Jörg , Merle Cordula , Hahnel Sebastian , Rosentritt Martin
Published: March 2023

The microbiological behavior of dental polymer materials is crucial to secure the clinical success of dental restorations. Here, the manufacturing process and the machining can play a decisive role. This study investigated the bacterial adhesion on dental polymers as a function of manufacturing techniques (additive/subtractive) and different polishing protocols. Specimens were made from polyaryletherketone (PEEK, PEKK, and AKP), resin-based CAD/CAM materials (composite and PMMA), and printed methacrylate (MA)-based materials. Surface roughness (Rz; Ra) was determined using a laser scanning microscope, and SFE/contact angles were measured using the sessile drop method. After salivary pellicle formation, in vitro biofilm formation was initiated by exposing the specimens to suspensions of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis). Adherent bacteria were quantified using a fluorometric assay. One-way ANOVA analysis found significant influences (p < 0.001) for the individual parameters (treatment and material) and their combinations for both types of bacteria. Stronger polishing led to significantly (p < 0.001) less adhesion of S. sanguinis (Pearson correlation PC = −0.240) and S. mutans (PC = −0.206). A highly significant (p = 0.010, PC = 0.135) correlation between S. sanguinis adhesion and Rz was identified. Post hoc analysis revealed significant higher bacterial adhesion for vertically printed MA specimens compared to horizontally printed specimens. Furthermore, significant higher adhesion of S. sanguinis on pressed PEEK was revealed comparing to the other manufacturing methods (milling, injection molding, and 3D printing). The milled PAEK samples showed similar bacterial adhesion. In general, the resin-based materials, composites, and PAEKs showed different bacterial adhesion. Fabrication methods were shown to play a critical role; the pressed PEEK showed the highest initial accumulations. Horizontal DLP fabrication reduced bacterial adhesion. Roughness < 10 µm or polishing appear to be essential for reducing bacterial adhesion.
Online O-Ring Stress Prediction and Bolt Tightening Sequence Optimization Method for Solid Rocket Motor Assembly
Authors: Zhang Jiachuan , Wang Yuanyu , Wang Junyi , Cao Runan , Xu Zhigang
Published: March 2023

Solid rocket motors (SRMs) are widely used as propulsion devices in the aerospace industry. The SRM nozzle and combustion chamber are connected with a plugged-in structure, which makes it difficult to use the existing technology to investigate the internal conditions of the SRM during docking and assembly. The unknown deformation of the O-ring inside the groove caused by different assembly conditions will prevent the engine assembly quality from being accurately predicted. Algorithms such as machine learning can be used to fit mechanical simulation data to create a model that can be used to make predictions during assembly. In this paper, the prediction method uses the sampled parameters as boundary conditions and applies the finite element method (FEM) to calculate the stresses and strains of the O-ring under different assembly conditions. The simulation data are fitted using the gradient-enhanced Kriging (GEK) model, which is more suitable for high-dimensional data than the ordinary Kriging model. A genetic algorithm (GA) and conditional tabular generative adversarial networks (CTGAN) are used to optimize the prediction model and improve its accuracy as new data are incorporated. The proposed method is not only accurate but also efficient, allowing for a significant reduction in assembly time. The use of the surrogate model and FEM makes it possible to predict the stresses and strains of the O-ring in real-time, making the assembly process smoother and more efficient. In conclusion, the proposed method provides a promising solution to the challenges associated with the assembly process of SRM in the aerospace industry.
Detection for Disc Cutter Wear of TBM Using Magnetic Force
Authors: Han Jialin , Xiang Hongjiang , Feng Qiuyue , He Jiangbo , Li Rong , Zhao Wensheng
Published: March 2023

To replace the worn-out cutter of tunnel boring machines timely, it is crucial to inspect the cutter’s wear. In this work, a novel detection method based on magnetic force is proposed to overcome the drawback of nonlinearity in current detecting technology. The principle is that the magnetic force between the cutter and the permanent magnet linearly decreases with increasing wear. Firstly, the magnetic force is investigated by the finite element simulation to find the optimal placement of the permanent magnet to realize both high linearity and sensitivity. Secondly, a highly-sensitive force sensor with an S shape is designed to measure the magnetic force. The four strain gauges in the force sensor are combined into a Wheatstone bridge to suppress the common-mode effect, such as temperature. Experimental testing on the magnetic force is performed to verify the feasibility of the detection method. The testing result shows that the magnetic force linearly decreases with the increasing wear loss at a rate of −793 mN/mm. The accuracy of the detecting method approaches 1 mm, which is of the same order of magnitude as those in previous studies.
Magnetic Inversion and Regional Tectonics of the Dabie Orogen
Authors: Zhang Liang , Lu Guangyin , Zhu Ziqiang , Cao Shujin , Mao Yajing , Chen Xinyue , Wang Lichang
Published: March 2023

Physical property inversion techniques are the methods to reveal the internal structures of Earth’s lithosphere. In this study, we introduce an Occam-type inversion algorithm into a spherical coordinate system, and invert the magnetization based on the three-component magnetic anomalies. The synthetic model tests show that the inversion effects of the vertical components are relatively stable, while the anti-noise ability is strong. We apply the algorithm to a set of vertical component anomalies derived from the satellite magnetic field model and obtain Dabie orogen 3D magnetization distribution. Multiple magnetic sources are identified within the orogen and adjacent areas, and the related tectonic evolution processes are analyzed. The significant magnetization characteristics of the orogen can be associated with mantle upwelling caused by the Early Cretaceous lithospheric delamination, along with the partial melting of the mafic–ultramafic lower crust that had not participated in the delamination. The magnetic sources near the Mozitan–Xiaotian fault, and those located in the western Dabie area, are also restricted by Mesozoic and Jurassic–Cretaceous deep melt activities, respectively. The study provides evidence for the suture line position of the plate subduction in the deep lithosphere. Furthermore, the results display certain indications of mineralization activities in the middle–lower Yangtze Valley metallogenic belt.
Construction of Quantum Codes over the Class of Commutative Rings and Their Applications to DNA Codes
Authors: Ali Shakir , Alali Amal S. , Oztas Elif Segah , Sharma Pushpendra
Published: March 2023

Let k,m be positive integers and F2m be a finite field of order 2m of characteristic 2. The primary goal of this paper is to study the structural properties of cyclic codes over the ring Sk=F2m[v1,v2,…,vk]⟨vi2−αivi,vivj−vjvi⟩, for i,j=1,2,3,…,k, where αi is the non-zero element of F2m. As an application, we obtain better quantum error correcting codes over the ring S1 (for k=1). Moreover, we acquire optimal linear codes with the help of the Gray image of cyclic codes. Finally, we present methods for reversible DNA codes.
Management of Suprachoroidal Hemorrhage during Phacoemulsification: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Flores Márquez Ana , Urbinati Facundo , Rocha-de-Lossada Carlos , Moreno Gutiérrez Juan Ángel , Munteanu Mihnea , Ferrara Mariantonia , Fernández Joaquín
Published: March 2023

Suprachoroidal hemorrhage (SCH) is a rare and sight-threatening complication of various intraocular surgeries, including cataract surgery. Although the rate of SCH complicating cataract surgery has decreased in the era of phacoemulsification, most likely due to smaller self-sealing incisions and modern equipment, it remains a challenging complication to manage. The aim of this review is to summarize the current evidence of the pathophysiology and management of SCH complicating phaco surgery. A literature review was performed using the PubMed database searching for diagnosis, therapy, and management of SCH during phacoemulsification. The evidence available on the optimal management of this condition is low, and there is no consensus so far. An early diagnosis is thought to be essential to avoid progression to the devastating stage of expulsion of intraocular contents (expulsive hemorrhage). Sudden intraoperative anterior chamber shallowing, red reflex loss, and a significant increase in intraocular pressure are highly suspicious for this severe complication. A fundus examination and ocular ultrasound are crucial to confirm the diagnosis and, if it is confirmed, stabilize the globe immediately. The initial therapeutic approach includes aggressive topical and systemic medication focused on controlling ocular inflammation and intraocular pressure, whereas the timing and the indications of surgical intervention remain controversial.
Features of the Degradation of the Proton-Conducting Polymer Nafion in Highly Porous Electrodes of PEM Fuel Cells
Authors: Nechitailov Andrey A. , Volovitch Polina , Glebova Nadezhda V. , Krasnova Anna
Published: March 2023

The stability of new membrane–electrode assemblies of a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell with highly porous electrodes and low Pt loading, based on the proton-conducting polymer Nafion, was characterized in conditions of electrochemical aging. A comprehensive study of the effect of the microstructure on the evolution of the electrochemical characteristics of the new assemblies was obtained by voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. Because high (>70%) porosity provides intensive mass transfer inside an electrode, structural-modifying additives—long carbon nanotubes—were introduced into the new electrodes. PEM fuel cells with electrodes of a conventional composition without carbon nanotubes were used for comparison. The aging of the samples was carried out according to the standard accelerated method in accordance with the DOE (Department of Energy) protocols. The results show two fundamental differences between the degradation of highly porous electrodes and traditional ones: 1. in highly porous electrodes, the size of Pt nanoparticles increases to a lesser extent due to recrystallization; 2. a more intense “washout” of Nafion and an increase in ionic resistance occur in highly porous electrodes. Mechanisms of the evolution of the characteristics of structurally modified electrodes under electrochemical aging are proposed.
Chromatographic Separation of Rare Earth Elements as MGDA Complexes on Anion Exchange Resins
Authors: Kurkinen Santeri , Virolainen Sami , Sainio Tuomo
Published: March 2023

Chromatographic separation of rare earth elements (REE) as anionic complexes with chelating aminopolycarboxylate ligand methylglycine N,N-diacetate (MGDA) was studied experimentally. A synthetic mixture of La, Nd, and Eu were used to model a REE mixture obtained from processed secondary sources such as phosphogypsum (PG). In the REE extraction from PG, the REEs can be recovered with MGDA to obtain the REE–MGDA mixture. Three strong base anion exchange resins (Dowex 1X8, IRA-402, and IRA-410) were used as the separation materials. Successful separation of the REEs by elution with dilute HNO3 and HCl was attributed to differences in the stabilities of the REE–MGDA complexes. The pKa values of the complexes were determined by titration to be 3.81, 3.25, and 2.96 for La, Nd, and Eu, respectively. Fractionation of the ternary La-Nd-Eu mixture (with a 1:1:1 mole ratio) were studied. La was recovered at approximately 80% purity and 80% yield, but strong trade-offs between the yield and the purity of Nd and Eu must be made. Chromatographic separation was found to be an efficient process option, considering its simplicity and the recovery of several product fractions. The initial process design offers a promising starting point for investigating more advanced process configurations for the efficient recovery of pure REE from phosphogypsum.
Expression and Purification of Glycosyltransferase DnmS from Streptomyces peucetius ATCC 27952 and Study on Catalytic Characterization of Its Reverse Glycosyltransferase Reaction
Authors: Yang Liyan , Zhou Huimin , Chen Guiguang , Li Hongliang , Yang Dengfeng , Pan Lixia
Published: March 2023

Anthracyclines are an important class of natural antitumor drugs. They have a conservative aromatic tetracycline backbone that is substituted with different deoxyglucoses. The deoxyglucoses are crucial for the biological activity of many bacterial natural products after the proper modification from glycosyltransferases (GTs). The difficulty in obtaining highly purified active GTs has prevented biochemical studies on natural product GTs. In this paper, a new Escherichia coli fusion plasmid pGro7′, which introduces the Streptomyces coelicolor chaperone genes groEL1, groES and groEL2, was constructed. The glycosyltransferase DnmS from Streptomyces peucetius ATCC 27952 was co-expressed with the plasmid pGro7′, and unprecedented high-efficiency and soluble expression of DnmS in the E. coli expression system was realized. Subsequently, the reverse glycosylation reaction characteristics of DnmS and DnmQ were verified. We found that DnmS and DnmQ had the highest enzyme activity when they participated in the reaction at the same time. These studies provide a strategy for the soluble expression of GTs in Streptomyces and confirm the reversibility of the catalytic reaction of GTs. This provides a powerful method for the production of active anthracyclines and to enhance the diversity of natural products.
Investigation of High-Sensitivity NO2 Gas Sensors with Ga2O3 Nanorod Sensing Membrane Grown by Hydrothermal Synthesis Method
Authors: Chu Shao-Yu , Wu Mu-Ju , Yeh Tsung-Han , Lee Ching-Ting , Lee Hsin-Ying
Published: March 2023

In this work, Ga2O3 nanorods were converted from GaOOH nanorods grown using the hydrothermal synthesis method as the sensing membranes of NO2 gas sensors. Since a sensing membrane with a high surface-to-volume ratio is a very important issue for gas sensors, the thickness of the seed layer and the concentrations of the hydrothermal precursor gallium nitrate nonahydrate (Ga(NO3)3·9H2O) and hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) were optimized to achieve a high surface-to-volume ratio in the GaOOH nanorods. The results showed that the largest surface-to-volume ratio of the GaOOH nanorods could be obtained using the 50-nm-thick SnO2 seed layer and the Ga(NO3)3·9H2O/HMT concentration of 12 mM/10 mM. In addition, the GaOOH nanorods were converted to Ga2O3 nanorods by thermal annealing in a pure N2 ambient atmosphere for 2 h at various temperatures of 300 °C, 400 °C, and 500 °C, respectively. Compared with the Ga2O3 nanorod sensing membranes annealed at 300 °C and 500 °C, the NO2 gas sensors using the 400 °C-annealed Ga2O3 nanorod sensing membrane exhibited optimal responsivity of 1184.6%, a response time of 63.6 s, and a recovery time of 135.7 s at a NO2 concentration of 10 ppm. The low NO2 concentration of 100 ppb could be detected by the Ga2O3 nanorod-structured NO2 gas sensors and the achieved responsivity was 34.2%.
2D Nanostructures for Optoelectronic and Green Energy Devices
Authors: Pak Sangyeon , Sohn Jung-Inn
Published: March 2023

Two-dimensional (2D) materials and nanostructures have gathered significant attention due to their excellent mechanical properties [...]
Therapeutic Nursing Education in Promoting Self-Management of Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Integrative Literature Review
Authors: Pereira Cláudia , Catarino Marta , Nunes Ana Clara
Published: March 2023

Diabetes Mellitus Type I (DM1) is an autoimmune disease, characterized by the total destruction of the beta (β) cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. This disease can strike people at any age, but it usually develops in children or young adults. Because of the high prevalence of DM1 in the young population, as well as all the difficulties in effective self-management in this population, with very specific characteristics, it is essential to develop therapeutic education interventions, with the aim of acquiring self-management skills. Thus, the main objective of this study is to identify the benefits of therapeutic nursing education interventions in promoting self-management of adolescents with DM1. For this, an Integrative Literature Review was carried out, using the EBSCOhost, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science platforms. Six articles were eligible. In terms of results, benefits were identified in the health of adolescents, with the use of therapeutic education interventions by nurses, including the control of capillary glycemia, better acceptance of the pathology, improvement in body mass index, increased adherence to the therapeutic regime, a reduction in hospitalizations and complications, contribution to bio-psycho-social well-being and improvement quality of life.
Bacterial Infections Associated with Immunosuppressive Agents Commonly Used in Patients with Interstitial Lung Diseases
Authors: Chaaban Said , Sadikot Ruxana T.
Published: March 2023

There are about 200 different types of interstitial lung disease (ILD), and a crucial initial step in the assessment of a patient with suspected ILD is achieving an appropriate diagnosis. Some ILDs respond to immunosuppressive agents, while immunosuppression can be detrimental in others, hence treatment is based on the most confident diagnosis with consideration of a patient’s risk factors. Immunosuppressive medications have the potential to result in substantial, and perhaps life-threatening, bacterial infections to a patient. However, data on the risk of bacterial infections from immunosuppressive treatment specifically in patients with interstitial lung disease is lacking. We hereby review the immunosuppressive treatments used in ILD patients excluding sarcoidosis, highlight their risk of bacterial infections, and discuss the potential mechanisms that contribute to the increased risk of infections.
Heterotrophic Plate Count Can Predict the Presence of Legionella spp. in Cooling Towers
Authors: Sanchis Marta , Inza Isabel , Figueras Maria José
Published: March 2023

Legionella pneumophila (Lp) colonizes aquatic environments and is a potential pathogen to humans, causing outbreaks of Legionnaire’s disease. It is mainly associated with contaminated cooling towers (CTs). Several regulations, including Spanish legislation (Sl), have introduced the analysis of heterotrophic plate count (HPC) bacteria and Legionella spp. (Lsp) in management plans to prevent and control Legionella outbreaks from CTs. The 2003 Sl for CTs (RD 865/2003) considered that concentrations of HPC bacteria ≤10,000 cfu/mL and of Lsp ≤100 cfu/L are safe; therefore, no action is required, whereas management actions should be implemented above these standards. We have investigated to what extent the proposed standard for HPC bacteria is useful to predict the presence of Lsp in cooling waters. For this, we analyzed Lsp and HPC concentrations, water temperature, and the levels of chlorine in 1376 water samples from 17 CTs. The results showed that in the 1138 water samples negative for Legionella spp. (LN), the HPC geometric mean was significantly lower (83 cfu/mL, p < 0.05) than in the positive Lsp. samples (135 cfu/mL). Of the 238 (17.3%) LP samples, 88.4% (210/238) were associated with values of HPC ≤10,000 cfu/mL and most of them showed HPC concentrations ≤100 (53.7%). In addition, a relatively low percentage of LP (28/238, 11.6%) samples were associated with HPC bacteria concentrations >10,000 cfu/mL, indicating that this standard does not predict the colonization risk for Legionella in the CTs studied. The present study has demonstrated that a threshold concentration ≤100 cfu/mL of HPC bacteria could better predict the higher concentration of Legionella in CTs, which will aid in preventing possible outbreaks.
Behind Base J: The Roles of JBP1 and JBP2 on Trypanosomatids
Authors: Assis Luiz Henrique de Castro , de Paiva Stephany Cacete , Cano Maria Isabel Nogueira
Published: March 2023

β-D-glucopyranosyloxymethiluracil (Base J) is a modified thymidine base found in kinetoplastids and some related organisms. Interestingly, Base J distribution into the genome can vary depending on the organism and its life stage. Base J is reported to be found mostly at telomeric repeats, on inactive variant surface glycoproteins (VSG’s) expression sites (e.g., T. brucei), in RNA polymerase II termination sites and sub-telomeric regions (e.g., Leishmania). This hypermodified nucleotide is synthesized in two steps with the participation of two distinct thymidine hydroxylases, J-binding protein 1 and 2 (JBP1 and JBP2, respectively) and a β-glucosyl transferase. A third J-binding protein, named JBP3, was recently identified as part of a multimeric complex. Although its structural similarities with JBP1, it seems not to be involved in J biosynthesis but to play roles in gene expression regulation in trypanosomatids. Over the years, with the characterization of JBP1 and JBP2 mutant lines, Base J functions have been targeted and shone a light on that matter, showing genus-specific features. This review aims to explore Base J’s reported participation as a regulator of RNA polymerase II transcription termination and to summarize the functional and structural characteristics and similarities of the remarkable JBP proteins in pathogenic trypanosomatids.
Advancing Public Health through Community Pharmacy Practice
Authors: DiPietro Mager Natalie , Bright David
Published: March 2023

The overarching goal of public health is to advance the health of individuals, communities, and populations [...]
The Problem with Conservative Art: A Critique of Russell Kirk’s Metaphysical Conservatism
Authors: Vannatta Seth
Published: March 2023

In this paper I measure the progressive potentiality of art against Russell Kirk’s notion of “normative art”. Kirk argues that good literature cultivates virtue according to a transcendent norm, a law of nature. I interrogate the extent to which this art can be conservative according to Kirk’s own meaning of conservatism and read his own conservatism against itself in an effort to show which of its tenets detrimentally supersede and contradict its others. The criticism of Kirk’s discussion of normative art makes use of Charles Sanders Peirce’s more sophisticated epistemology, metaphysics, and normative science of aesthetics. Ultimately, Kirk’s conservatism and his position on normative art rely on metaphysical dualism and the gratuitous capacity of intuition. This ends in an unjustified discounting of his principles of variety, imperfectability, prescription, and continuity and their subordination to his principle of transcendence.
Effective Procedures
Authors: Salmon Nathan
Published: March 2023

The “somewhat vague, intuitive” notion from computability theory of an effective procedure (method) or algorithm can be fairly precisely defined, even if it does not have a purely mathematical definition—and even if (as many have asserted) for that reason, the Church–Turing thesis (that the effectively calculable functions on natural numbers are exactly the general recursive functions), cannot be proved. However, it is logically provable from the notion of an effective procedure, without reliance on any (partially) mathematical thesis or conjecture concerning effective procedures, such as the Church–Turing thesis, that the class of effective procedures is undecidable, i.e., that there is no effective procedure for ascertaining whether a given procedure is effective. The proof does not even appeal to a precise definition of ‘effective procedure’. Instead, it relies solely and entirely on a basic grasp of the intuitive notion of such a procedure. Though the result itself is not surprising, it is also not without significance. It has the consequence, for example, that the solution to a decision problem, if it is to be complete, must be accompanied by a separate argument that the proposed ascertainment procedure is, in fact, a decision procedure, i.e., effective—for example, that it invariably terminates with the correct verdict.