bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A “historical rut” for Russia and the development of small business
Authors: Astakhov Alexander
Published: November 2024

The article examines the peculiarities of the attitude of the state system towards small business in Russia. The specifics of these relations are analyzed; a conclusion is made about their historical and cultural conditionality. When interacting with small businesses, these features should be taken into account, since, being stable, they influence the work of government agencies, contributing to it or hindering it.
Dilemma of the investment strategy: dividend cut-offs (retrospective analysis)
Authors: Sukharev Alexander , Smirnova Olga
Published: November 2024

The author considers the results of a statistical analysis of changes in stock prices for 10 largest Russian companies in various industries over 12 years in connection with dividend payments. Statistical patterns of stock price behavior before and after the dividend cut-offs are revealed, which allows investors to build their dividend strategies and answer the “eternal” question of question of whether to sell or to buy shares before the dividend cut-off. A retrospective statistical analysis is carried out on 120 dividend payments.
“Justice Vs Efficiency” dilemma in the context of russia’s regional economic policy
Authors: Kapkanshchikov Sergey
Published: November 2024

Deriving the necessity of regional economic policy from the market failure concept, the author, using D. Friedman’s center-periphery theory, justifies the fact of excessive socio-economic differentiation among the regions of the Russian Federation, which has a hindering rather than accelerating effect on long-term economic growth. The clear division of Russian regions as parts of the “center-periphery-semi-periphery” classification based on the classification of spatial policy theorists by G. Cameron as non-interventionists, adapters, and radical transformers raises the question of the optimal degree of intervention by the Russian government in regulating territorial structure. The centerpiece of the article is the comparative analysis of two alternative approaches within the models of “territorial justice” and “economic efficiency” outlining the tools used in each of them. By uncovering the objective regularities of cyclical development that bring to the forefront one or another model of regional regulation and linking their use to the achieved level of economic development of the country, the author proves the inevitability of relying on a leveling model in Russia’s regional policy. However, to avoid the reproduction of social dependency of subsidized territories, there is an urgent need for close coordination of regional policy with structural policy, aiming both at achieving economic development rooted in innovations as opposed to, for instance, exploitation of natural resources.
To the issue of development of entrepreneurial state activity
Authors: Smotritskaya Irina , Frolova Nadezhda
Published: November 2024

The article deals with theoretical and applied issues of expanding the diversity of forms of state participation inthe economy within the framework of a new methodological approachto the development of economic state activity. The main establishedscientific concepts of state entrepreneurial activity are considered, the contentof the concept of “state entrepreneurship” is analysed, its modernforms are highlighted. The special emphasis in the work ismade on the study of entrepreneurial activity of the staterelated to the use of joint-stock property in the marketsector of the economy. The tendencies of transformation and developmentof entrepreneurial state activity in the conditions of new geopoliticaland economic reality are shown.
Formation of a system of sectoral measures and mechanisms of state support for the electronic industry
Authors: Ilyina Svetlana , Sokolov Arsentiy
Published: November 2024

The restructuring of the world economy based on the achievements of the fourth industrial revolution and the sixth technological structure determines Russia’s course towards building technological sovereignty, and in particular, the need to create an effective system of measures and mechanisms that stimulate the development of the electronics industry.
In this regard, it is necessary to systematize and evaluate the compliance of existing measures and mechanisms with the need for solving the problems facing the industry, and to eliminate their duplication. The article is devoted to the analysis of the existing national system of special measures and mechanisms of state support of electronic industry. The author comes to the conclusion that despite the presence of certain restrictions caused by sanctions and in need to overcome dependence on imports, the system stimulates the implementation of competitive investment projects and is potentially effective.
Financing infrastructure projects: a review of definitional issues and thematic areas
Authors: Abramov Egor
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the article is to identify current problems and thematic areas of financing infrastructure projects. To do this, both a systematization of approaches is carried out on the basis of thematic analysis and a review of Russian and foreign sources is done.
A methodological plurality of definitions of the main categories was discovered. Inductively identified thematic areas of research cover: general trends in the development of types of economic infrastructure, microanalysis of the creation of specific infrastructure facilities and local needs for infrastructure development, local economic impact of individual types of infrastructure, cross-sectoral effects of infrastructure development, integration aspects of the creation of infrastructure facilities, infrastructure in the context of sustainable development, features of instruments and forms of financing infrastructure projects, infrastructure facilities as a separate class of investment assets.
Carbon offset funding in developing countries: challenges and rеspects
Authors: Yarygina Irina
Published: November 2024

The article reveals the problems, prospects and contemporary mechanisms of carbon financing, the relevance of which is increasing in the face of new challenges associated with the development of reproductive processes in developing countries. At the same time, it is indicated that in some cases there are problems associated with the administration of business processes that ensure measurable emission reductions, which requires careful selection, monitoring and intergovernmental support for multilateral projects that contribute to the implementation of environmental protection and climate change programs. The article contains practical recommendations aimed at ensuring the economic interests of business entities based on the usage of additional financing mechanisms for development programs, including carbon emissions compensation, green bonds, carbon tax, climate funds, environmental certificates, etc. The conclusion is made about the expediency of using carbon financing mechanisms in business process that contribute to the cooperation between partner countries, accumulation of resources for project implementation, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and sustainable economic growth of developing countries.
Representation of Non-anthropomorphic Consciousness in Science Fiction Literature: Linguistic Fiction, S. Lem, Strugatsky Brothers
Authors: Sedyh Oksana Mikhaylovna , Bogomaz Anna V.
Published: November 2024

Since the middle of the 20th century a specific direction, which has gained the status of a serious philosophical (intellectual) fiction prose, has been developing in science fiction literature. Its most illustrative example is the work of Polish science fiction writer Stanislaw Lem (1921–2006). One of the tasks that fantasy writers try to solve by literary means is the representation of non-anthropomorphic consciousness. This task is internally contradictory: it requires one to speak of the nonhuman, which implies going beyond ones own boundaries, alienation from ones own essence. At the same time, since the writer is faced with the need to explore the boundaries of being and thinking, the approaches to its solution amount to the philosophical search. The article discusses the ways of representation of non-anthropomorphic consciousness offered by science fiction, with special attention paid to linguistic fiction (J. Vance, S. Delany, I. Watson, T. Chiang). On the example of the works of S. Lem and Soviet fantasy writers A. and B. Strugatsky, it is concluded that one of the most effective ways is to turn to folklore models, which are embedded in the mainstream of traditions that have developed languages of description of man’s alienation in the context of twentieth-century literature and culture.
Macrozoobenthos of Communities of Higher Aquatic Vegetation
Authors: Pryanichnikova E. G. , Tikhonov A. V. , Flerova E. A. , Andreeva M. I. , Klyuchnikov A. S.
Published: November 2024

The article presents the results of a comprehensive study of two components of the aquatic biocenosis: its floristic component and benthos in the shallow waters of the Gorky reservoir within the water area of the Yaroslavsky nature reserve. The composition and structure of plant communities at the boundary of the macrophyte belt was assessed, followed by the identification of dominant associations. In parallel, the taxonomic composition and quantitative characteristics of macrozoobenthos were assessed in the main plant biotopes. Plant communities in the water area are represented by two ecological groups: helophytes and hydrophytes. Macrophytes occupy up to 25% of the water area of the shallow area of the studied water body. Most of the plant communities are concentrated in the northern and northeastern parts of the reserve. 11 species of macrophytes belonging to 10 genera and 9 families were noted. In macrophyte communities, 8 typical associations were identified, where benthos sampling was carried out. In the benthos of typical macrophyte associations, 35 lower definable taxa (LTOs) were identified, of which 17 LUTs are chironomid larvae. In the biotope, 11 HOTs were found out of vegetation. The highest species richness of benthic invertebrates was noted in the communities of Butomus umbellatus L. (1753) and Sparganium erectum L. The benthos of plant communities in August 2021 can be characterized as chironomid-oligochaete, while chironomids dominated in the open littoral. Mollusks played a significant role in the formation of benthos in plant communities. The maximum quantitative indicators of benthic invertebrates in general and the abundance of chironomids of the river. Glyptotendipes in particular have been noted in the community of the burr Sparganium erectum. This is probably due to the morphological structure of this plant and the specifics of the formation of the community by this species. The benthos of plant communities was dominated by phytodetritophages–filterers and phytodetritophages–filterers + gatherers, while in the open littoral, phytodetritophages–filterers prevailed. In all studied biotopes, there were no detritophages–gatherers. In general, according to the abundance of macrozoobenthos, the areas of plant communities can be classified as high-nutrient and very high-nutrient.
The State of Thermophylic Ichthyofauna in the Water Bodies of Arkhangelsk Oblast: Report 1. Formation and Distribution
Authors: Novoselov A. P. , Dvoryankin G. A.
Published: November 2024

Materials determining the possible pathways of Arctic zone colonization by representatives of thermophilic ichthyofauna are presented. The previously proposed hypothesis that the fish of the thermophilic complex that lived in the White Sea basin during the Subboreal period (sterlet, blue bream, common rudd, white-eye bream, and asp) and were considered extinct during the subsequent cooling in the Subatlantic period, adapted to changed conditions, stayed in particular areas of their range, and became part of the modern ichthyofauna in limited numbers have been elaborated and confirmed. The possible pathways of spontaneous introduction of the Caspian thermophilic species, white-eye bream, and asp to the Northern Dvina basin are considered. Populations of rudd and blue bream, rare thermophilic species for the region, have been detected and studied in the lakes of the Kenozersky National Park. Rudd, a relict species of the Holocene thermal maximum, was previously recorded only in several floodplain lakes of the middle reaches of the Northern Dvina River. The Kenozero population of rudd is the first case of finding epresentatives of this species in the Onega River basin. Blue bream can be also considered a relict found in the territory of the region only in one lake system of the Kenozersky National Park and several small lakes of the Siysky State Nature Reserve.
Sturgeon Biological Parameters in the Ural River (Zhaiyk) of the Republic Kazakhstan
Authors: Mikodina E. V. , Ruban G. I. , Shalgimbaev G. М.
Published: November 2024

The dynamics of capture of 4 Sturgeon species (family Acipenseridae): Russian sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedtii, Sterlet A. ruthenus, Stellate Sturgeon A. stellatus, Beluga Acipenser (Huso huso) in the IUU catches of the Ural (Zhaiyk) River within of the Republic of Kazakhstan borders is done. The annual number of Sturgeons estimated by arrested IUU catches in the period 2012–2018 which demonstrate the fluctuation of the Ural River Sturgeons number as well as male dominance is given. The biological indicators of Ural’s Sturgeons during the period of maximum catches in 2018: sex ratio, age, weight, length, length-weight relationship are given.
Toxic Effects in Subsequent Generations from Sex-Dependent Exposure to 2,3′,4,4′,5-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 118) on Danio rerio
Authors: Kotsur D. A. , Novoselov A. P. , Sorokina T. Yu. , Aksenov A. S. , Chashchin V. P.
Published: November 2024

The results of an experiment on oral exposure of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) 118 into fish Danio rerio (Hamilton, 1822) (F0) with food at calculated doses of 5, 20, 80 μg/ind. are presented. In the first generation F1, there is a decrease in survival rate and a shift in the sex ratio, predominantly towards females. In the second generation F2, the same effects are noted as in F1, but they are not as pronounced. It has been hypothesized that the effects seen in the F2 generation may be caused by epigenetic mechanisms, which are still poorly understood. It is possible that the feminization of animal populations and a decrease in their survival rate are very strong factors in reducing the populations of living organisms, including humans, especially near sites of distribution of PCBs. It is necessary to study epigenetic mechanisms in order to develop measures to eliminate and prevent problems with the biotic degradation and depopulation of fish exposed to PCBs in the sites that arise as a result of the improper disposal of electrical engineering waste containing PCBs.
CNOT Quantum Gate Based on Spatial Photonic Qubits Under Resonant Electro-Optical Control
Authors: Tsukanov A. V. , Kateev I. Yu.
Published: November 2024

A theoretical model of a quantum node that implements the two-qubit CNOT operation with use of photonic qubits with spatial encoding is considered. Each qubit is represented by a pair of modes supporting an arbitrary superposition of single-photon states. The active element of the node is a single or double quantum dot with a tunable frequency, which coherently exchanges an energy quantum with the modes. The spectral characteristics of the quantum node elements are simulated. The probability of implementation of a controlled inversion of the qubit state is calculated depending on the system parameters.
Evolution of the Current-Voltage Characteristic of a Bipolar Memristor
Authors: Fadeev A. V. , Rudenko K. V.
Published: November 2024

A theoretical model is proposed that can describe the current-voltage characteristic of a bipolar filament memristor during reversible switching. The model allows us to describe various types of current-voltage curves observed in experiments. It has been established that the initially formed filament, after a series of switching, acquires a stationary shape that reproduces the current-voltage characteristic.
Approximation of the Absorption Spectrum of Indium Phosphide in the Context of Simulation of the Process of Sensitivity Enhancement
Authors: Makarenko P. V. , Zolnikov V. K. , Zarevich A. I. , Zalenskaya N. Yu. , Poluektov A. V.
Published: November 2024

Examines the fundamental rights of Phosphide of India, legitimized by Tellur and, in the last resort, compensated for. Data on the composition of four high-quality images of the InP: Cu photoelectronic spectrum are presented in the individual layers. The work is characterized by the semi-empiric approach to photoconduction of InP: Cu oxide films. It is concluded that the photoresistance Iph (α(ћω)) was analytically approximated as the function of the experimental-complete spectral distribution of the coefficiency phosphorus india. It is proposed to use five approximating functions with the aim of analyzing the coefficient of absorption of Indian phosphorus α(ћω). Completed 5 locations with different signs of median isolation. On the basis of analytical amplitudes, the complete analytical amplitude Iph(α(ћω)) is modelled. Analogously, five conclusions were drawn that indicate a sign of median isolation. Five non-stationary measures of IF photometry have been taken (as two functions: co-efficiency of exposure, as photo energy functions, and time-consuming observations) in normal situations. The answer to the question is the most mathematical and physical solution of the proximate function α(ћω). Obviously, it shows that this the degree of variance is optimal for its implementation (inclusion of this degree of variance in the structure Iph = f(α) and α = f(ћω)) of the complete analytical description of the process photoconductivity. It should be noted that subsequent research may be based on the establishment of physical bases of photoconductivity in the short wave of fundamental transfers of phosphorus from India, as well as research into the properties of air on the high InP: Cu layer, with its stability and stability.
Al Islands on Si(111): Growth Temperature, Morphology and Strain
Authors: Lomov A. A. , Zakharov D. M. , Tarasov M. A. , Chekushkin A. M. , Tatarintsev A. A. , Vasiliev A. L.
Published: November 2024

The comprehensive structural studies of thin island Al films with a thickness of 20–50 nm deposited by magnetron sputtering on Si(111) substrates in an argon plasma at a pressure of 6*10–3 mbar and a temperature from 20 to 500°C are presented. Studies of the morphology and microstructure of the films were carried out using XRD, SEM, EDS and TEM methods. It has been found that most of the islands are Al {001} and Al {111} crystallites with lateral sizes of 10–100 nm, differently conjugated with Si(111) substrate. At room temperature of the substrate, only Al {001} crystallites are epitaxially formed on it. The Al {111} crystallites epitaxially grown on the substrate dominate as the substrate temperature increases about 400°C. The influence of the temperature of the Si(111) substrate on the process of epitaxial growth of crystallites, the dynamics of their shape and structural perfection is shown. It has been found that crystallites epitaxially connected to the substrate experience deformation ε = 7 × 10–3 and ε = –2 × 10–3 for Al {001} and Al {111}, respectively. It has been shown that for thin island Al films on Si(111), the dependence of the number of crystallization centers and the particle growth rate on the supercooling temperature is consistent with the band model of crystallization. At the same time, a shift in the characteristic temperatures for the zone boundaries is observed due to the properties of the substrate. This must be taken into account when engineering the surface morphology and structural perfection of crystallites in Al island magnetron films.
The role of russian scientific schools in the formation and development of mechanization and electrification for agriculture in Russia (1920–2023 years)
Authors: Tsench Yu. S.
Published: November 2024

The article examines the process of formation and development of scientific agroengineering schools and their role in the creation of mechanization and electrification of agriculture in Russia in 1920–2023. The logic of the conducted research required the definition of time periods (pre-war 1920–1940); (post-war 1945–1990); (present 1991–2023). In the pre-war period, a powerful foundation and foundations for the development of agroengineering science were laid. The development and implementation of agricultural machinery has come to the fore. The post-war period is characterized by the rapid development of all spheres of agricultural mechanization and agricultural engineering; the creation of new agricultural machinery, the development of research methods, new more efficient design technologies, the consolidation of efforts of representatives of agroengineering science, testers and manufacturers of equipment. In the early 1990s, a significant reorganization was carried out in the engineering and technical sphere of the Russian agro-industrial complex. he Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences has been established. In October 2013, as part of the reform of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the State Academies of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Russian Agricultural Academy of the Russian Academy of Sciences merged. In 2016, the Federal Agency for Scientific Organizations set a course to streamline the network of subordinate scientific organizations, create institutes and federal research centers based on similar topics. The followers of Academician V. P. Goryachkin work in these scientific institutes and centers. They develop the great scientific heritage left by him and, using the best domestic traditions, raise agroengineering science to a higher level.
Sources of winter rye resistance to fungal diseases for phytoimmunity breeding
Authors: Shchekleina L. M. , Sheshegova T. K.
Published: November 2024

The work was carried out at the Federal Agrarian Scientific Center of the North-East in 2020–2022. More than 140 domestic varieties of winter rye were studied under conditions of Kirov region on provocative-infectious background of snow mold, powdery mildew, brown and stem rust, septoriosis, root rot, ergot. Commonly known methods were used to account for diseases. During the plant ontogenesis (from phase 31 to 85 on Zadoks scale), we analyzed the growth of fungal infection in the variety biocenoses. The nature of plant-microbe interactions and resistance parameters were evaluated according to two indicators PKRB (area under the disease development curve) and IS (resistance index). We identified 28 sortes characterized by nonspecific resistance to two or more diseases and slow (slow rusting) growth of infection in varietal biocenoses. Among them: Lika, Harmonia, Symphony, Perepel, Graphite, Graphite FP, Era, Eureka, Vikras, Amber, Chusovaya, Saratovskaya 7, etc. They can be used in breeding for phytoimmunity as sources. The highest yielding (840–1060 g/m2) among them are: Batiste, Dymka, Perepel, Lika, Symphony, Kiprez, Grafit FP, Flora, Eureka, Dana, Marusenka, Era, Saratovskaya 7, Chusovaya. The correlation coefficient (r) between the yield and regrowth after snow mold lesions varies from 0.49 (2022) to 0.87 (2020), which confirms the high harmfulness of this disease in the region. Rada, Kiprez, Flora, Lika, Batiste, Harmony, Symphony, Chusovaya can be of certain immunological value in breeding for ergot resistance, as they were much less affected by ergot than the standard and other varieties. The regression equations are linear (R2 = 0,96–0,99) and show a daily increase of brown rust (from 5,4 to 16,4 %) and stem rust (from 4,7 to 26,5 %).
Features of enzymatic activity of soils in agricultural landscapes of the Vladimir high plains
Authors: Zinchenko M. K. , Zinchenko S. I.
Published: November 2024

The research aimed to study the enzymatic activity of grey forest soil (GF) and grey forest soil with a second humic horizon (GF SHH) depending on fertilizer systems in agricultural landscapes in the Vladimir region. The work was carried out in 2021–2023 in a stationary field experiment on two soil varieties. The following backgrounds for intensifying the use of fertilizers were studied (for rotation of a 6-field crop rotation): zero (Z) – manure 40 t/ha; intensive (I) – manure 40 t/ha + N100Р80К160; intense mineral (IM) – N350P220K390; high-intensity mineral (HIM) – N480P280K575; intensive organomineral (IOM) – N310P150K310 + manure 60 t/ha; high-intensity organomineral (VIOM) – N430P160K360 + manure 80 t/ha. Against the studied backgrounds of fertilizer use in the GF SHH, a stable trend of increasing the activity of catalase and invertase was revealed. The average activity of catalase in the soil of the second humus horizon was 23 % higher than in the GF, at the same depth (20–40 cm). The maximum catalase activity in the experiment was observed against an intense background (I) in the GF SHH: layer 0–20 cm – 2.41 ml O2/g; 20–40 cm – 1.96 ml O2/g. Invertase activity in soil with a second humus horizon at a depth of 20–40 cm is on average 30 % higher than in grey forest soil. The highest value of this indicator was observed in the soil of two soil phases against an intense background in the 0–20 cm layer – 3.50–3.55 mg of glucose/g in 40 hours. The average humus content in the second humus horizon GF SHH was at level 3,76 %, which was 33 % higher than in GF in a layer of 20–40 cm. The maximum value of this indicator in the experiment (layer 0–40 cm) was observed in GF SHH against the intensive background of fertilizer use – 4.86 %.
Induction of the PERK-eIF2𝛼-ATF4 pathway in M1 macrophages under endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Kolodeeva O. E. , Averinskaya D. A. , Makarova Yu. А.
Published: November 2024

Translation inhibition can activate two cell death pathways. The first pathway is activated by translational aberrations, the second by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In this work, the effect of ribosome-inactivating protein type II (RIP-II) viscumin on M1 macrophages derived from the THP-1 cell line was investigated. The number of modified ribosomes was evaluated by real-time PCR. Transcriptome analysis revealed that viscumin induces the ER stress activated by the PERK sensor.
On hyperelliptic curves of odd degree and genus g with 6 torsion points of order 2g + 1
Authors: Fedorov G. V.
Published: November 2024

Let a hyperelliptic curve C of genus g defined over an algebraically closed field K of characteristic 0, given by the equation y2=f(x), where the polynomial f(x)∈K[x]is square-free and has odd degree 2g+1. The curve Ccontains a single “infinite” point O, which is the Weierstrass point. There is a classical embedding of C(K)into the group of K-points J(K)of the Jacobian variety Jof the curve C, identifying the point Owith the unit element of the group J(K). For 2≤g≤5, the article explicitly found representatives of birational equivalence classes such hyperelliptic curves Cwith a marked unique point at infinity Othat the set C(K)∩J(K)contains at least 6 torsion points of order 2g+1. It was previously known that for g=2there are exactly 5 such equivalence classes, and for g≥3an upper bound was known that depended only on the genus of g. We improve the previously known upper bound by almost 36 times.
Sufficient condition for polynomial solvability of random 3-CNF formulas
Authors: Uvarov S. I.
Published: November 2024

This paper is devoted to the localisation of random 3-CNF formulas that are polynomially solvable by the resolution algorithm. It is shown that random formulas with the number of clauses proportional to the square of the number of variables, are polynomially solvable with probability close to unity when the proportionality coefficient exceeds the found threshold.
РЕФЛЕКСИВНИЙ ПІДХІД У БІЗНЕСІ, УПРАВЛІННІ, ЕКОНОМІЦІ ТА МАРКЕТИНГУ: ІНФОРМАЦІЙНЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ БІЗНЕС-ПРОЦЕСІВ
Authors: КУЧЕР Анатолій , КУЧЕР Леся , АНТОЩЕНКОВА Віталіна
Published: November 2024

The article presents the results of a theoretical analysis of the essence of reflexive management and a bibliometric analysis of studies on the application of a reflexive approach in various areas, with an emphasis on business, management, economics and marketing, as a theoretical basis for the development of information support for the effectiveness of business processes. Using the VOSviewer software and metadata from the Scopus database, two bibliometric maps of the most used terms were constructed: the first – in publications on the application of the reflexive approach, includes 437 keywords that were used at least five times, combined into eight thematically related clusters; the second – in publications on the application of a reflexive approach in the field of business, management, economics and marketing, includes 44 keywords that were used at least three times, combined into nine clusters.
The results of cluster analysis and analysis of documents by fields of knowledge collectively indicate the interdisciplinary nature of research on the application of the reflexive approach in the world and the understanding of this phenomenon primarily in the aspect of social and behavioral sciences. In general, economic sciences accounted for 13.3% of the global volume of publications. The leaders in terms of the number of studies on the reflexive approach among countries, organizations and authors have been identified. Five clusters of countries were identified according to the level of cooperation on the researched issue. A bibliometric landscape has been formed regarding the application of a reflexive approach in business, management, economics, and marketing as a theoretical basis for the development of information support for the effectiveness of business processes.
ІННОВАЦІЙНА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ МАЛИХ ТА СЕРЕДНІХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ: СУЧАСНІ РЕАЛІЇ
Authors: КУЧЕР Маргарита , ЖИДИК Андрій , ТОВТ Юрій , СТРІЛЕЦЬ Станіслав
Published: November 2024

У статті проаналізовано діяльність малих та середніх підприємств (МСП) в інноваційному розвитку. Встановлено, що інноваційна діяльність МСП є важливим детермінантом їх розвитку. Виявлено основні проблеми інноваційної діяльності МСП із урахуванням сучасних умов господарювання. Наведено основні причини важливості інновацій для сучасного бізнесу та зазначено яким чином їх можна реалізувати в сучасних умовах. Інноваційна діяльність МСП має велике значення для економіки будь-якої країни. Вона сприяє створенню нових робочих місць, розвитку конкурентоспроможності та росту ВВП. Інновації дозволяють МСП впроваджувати нові технології, покращувати продукцію та послуги, що сприяє їхньому розвитку та збільшенню прибутків. Сучасний стан інноваційного розвитку малого та середнього бізнесу різниться у розрізі окремих країн. У низці розвинених країн, таких як США та Європейські країни, підтримка інновацій спрямована на стимулювання МСП через дотації та податкові пільги для досліджень та розвитку. Однак у багатьох країнах розвинення інновацій в МСП стикається з бар'єрами, такими як відсутність фінансування, обмежена доступність технологій та недостатня кваліфікація персоналу. У кожній країні є свої унікальні виклики та можливості для розвитку інноваційного потенціалу МСП. На сьогоднішній день Україна активно працює над розвитком інновацій в секторі малого та середнього бізнесу. Урядова політика спрямована на стимулювання інновацій в МСП через створення сприятливих умов для розвитку бізнесу, сприяння доступу до фінансових ресурсів, технологій та підвищення кваліфікації персоналу. Проте існують виклики, такі як бюрократичні перешкоди, недостатнє фінансування та обмежений доступ до новітніх технологій, які гальмують інноваційний розвиток МСП в Україні. Інноваційний розвиток МСП є надзвичайно актуальним у сучасному світі. Швидкі зміни в технологіях, ринкові умови та зростання конкуренції ставлять МСП в умови постійного тиску та необхідності вдосконалення. Інновації дозволяють МСП розробляти нові продукти та послуги, зменшувати витрати, покращувати якість продукції та послуг, тим самим забезпечуючи їхню конкурентоспроможність на ринку. До того ж, інновації сприяють залученню нових клієнтів, розширенню бізнесу та підвищенню прибутковості. Інноваційний розвиток відіграє ключову роль у забезпеченні успішності МСП у сучасних умовах.
How to assess tHe clinical benefit of anticancer drug tHerapy regimens and allocate tHe budget?
Authors: Volkov N.M.
Published: November 2024

Cancer drug therapy, innovative therapies, economic efficiency, clinical benefit.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GADGET USE AND DIGITAL LITERACY IN BIOLOGY EDUCATION STUDENTS OF HKBP NOMMENSEN UNIVERSITY
Authors: Sirait Gloria , Wardany Nur , Purba Melfa Uli Magdalena
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Technology and information have progressed quite rapidly, as seen from the emergence of gadgets as a means of communication. Given the importance of digital literacy in responding to what is obtained from the internet, the author wants to see how the relationship between the use of gadgets and digital literacy in biology education students at HKBP Nommensen University Pematangsiantar. The sample was taken by the purposive sampling method with students majoring in biology education at HKBP Nommensen Pematangsiantar university as a sample. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between the use of technology and digital literacy in biology students HKBP Nommensen University Pematang Siantar which often utilizes technology. The research method uses qualitative research methods and saturated sampling strategies. Google Form surveys with Likert scale are used to collect data. Judging from the survey, Generation Z is currently more dominant in watching videos than literate through e-books with a percentage rate of 78.4%. The low digital literacy among Generation Z is influenced by the wrong use of gadgets. There is a close relationship between digital literacy and the use of gadgets, namely using gadgets to find existing sources to increase one's insight and ability to improve quality in oneself.
Keywords: gadgets; digital literacy, biology students, HKBP Nommensen University Pematang Siantar
Abstrak: Teknologi dan informasi mengalami kemajuan yang cukup pesat, terlihat dari munculnya gadget sebagai alat komunikasi. Mengingat pentingnya literasi digital dalam menyikapi apa yang di dapat dari internet maka penulis ingin melihat bagaimana hubungan penggunaan gadget dengan literasi digital pada mahasiswa pendidikan biologi di Universitas HKBP Nommensen Pematangsiantar. Sampel diambil dengan metode purposive sampling dengan mahasiswa jurusan pendidikan biologi di universitas HKBP Nommensen Pematangsiantar sebagai sampel. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan antara penggunaan teknologi dan literasi digital pada Mahasiswa Universitas HKBP Nommensen Pematangsiantar yang sering memanfaatkan teknologi. Adapun metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dan strategi sampling jenuh. Survei Google Form dengan skala Likert digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data. Dilihat dari survei tersebut bahwa generasi Z saat ini lebih dominan senang melihat video daripada berliterasi melalui e-book dengan tingkat presentase 78,4%. Rendahnya literasi digital di kalangan generasi Z dipengaruhi oleh penggunanan gadget yang salah. Terdapat hubungan yang erat antara literasi digital dengan penggunaan gadget yaitu menggunakan gadget untuk mencari sumber -sumber yang ada untuk meningkatkan wawasan serta kemampuan seseorang guna meningkatkan kualitas dalam dirinya.
Kata kunci: gadget; literasi digital; mahasiswa pendidikan biologi, Universitas HKBP Nommensen
Entrepreneurial Competencies for Managing Business in Informal Economy: A Study of B40 Women Entrepreneurs in Malaysia
Authors: Noor Nurul Hidayana Mohd , Zaini Syeliya Md , Omar Noralina , Beta Raja Mayang Delima Mohd , Wei Chang Lee
Published: November 2024

Globally, the lack of participation among women in entrepreneurship is credited to a series of factors, including a lack of education, inadequate competencies, gender stereotypes, and inadequate access to resources. This study aims to assess the current competencies level of women entrepreneurs in the informal economy in Malaysia. The informal economy—also referred to as the shadow economy- is far more significant than the formal economy and a way of livelihood for many people in most developing countries. Second, this study aims to discover the skills and knowledge required by women entrepreneurs. This study employed a qualitative research approach and purposive sampling technique where 20 women entrepreneurs were selected as key informants. This study only focuses on women entrepreneurs from B40 groups in Kuala Lumpur with more than one year of business experience and involved in informal businesses such as street vendors, hawkers, and home-based businesses. The interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. The study first found that most informants have limited business management competencies. The findings also have categorized the main competencies needed into seven main themes, namely, 1) communication, 2) strategic management, 3) financial management, 4) product innovation, 5) ICT skills, 6) time management, and 7) customer relationship management.
Exploring the Impact of Flexible Work Arrangements on Turnover Intention: The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction and the Moderating Effect of Perceived Supervisory Support
Authors: George Joanna Benjamin , Poluru Nitin Vihari
Published: November 2024

In today's employment landscape, the value of flexibility cannot be overstated, with an increasing number of employees seeking to balance their professional duties with their personal lives. This quest for the right balance has been strengthened by workplace flexibility, allowing individuals to tailor their workloads and have more autonomy over their working conditions. This research focuses on the impact of Flexible Work Arrangements (FWAs)—namely, working from home and flextime—on Turnover Intention (TI) within the power and utilities sector of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). We further investigate how Job Satisfaction (JS) mediates this relationship, and the extent to which Perceived Supervisory Support (PSS) moderates it. The study utilized a convenience sampling method to survey employees from a leading global energy company with a significant presence in Abu Dhabi and Dubai, boasting over 500 staff members. Of the 550 employees approached, 250 responded, yielding a 45% response rate. The research employed SPSS V.28 for demographic analysis, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and measurement of the reliability and validity of the study constructs. Also, mediation and moderation analysis were performed using Hayes Process Macro to validate our conceptual framework, providing robust statistical analysis. This research focuses on how PSS moderates the relationship between FWAs and Job Satisfaction, a relatively underexplored area. The findings include, FWA has positive impact on Job Satisfaction and negative impact on turnover intention. The indirect effect of Job Satisfaction and Perceived Supervisor Support is found out to be insignificant. The implications of this study guides organizations in tailoring their policies, and practices to mitigate turnover intentions.
ВІД ЗАХИСТУ ТРИДЕНТСЬКОЇ МЕССИ ДО РЕВІЗІЇ СВЯЩЕННОГО ПИСАННЯ (Реценція на: Lundberg M. A Pope of Their Own: El Palmar de Troya and the Palmarian Church. Second Edition. Uppsala Studies in Church History 11. Uppsala: Uppsala University, Department of Theol
Authors: Єремєєв Павло Вікторович
Published: November 2024

ВІД ЗАХИСТУ ТРИДЕНТСЬКОЇ МЕССИ ДО РЕВІЗІЇ СВЯЩЕННОГО ПИСАННЯ (Реценція на: Lundberg M. A Pope of Their Own: El Palmar de Troya and the Palmarian Church. Second Edition. Uppsala Studies in Church History 11. Uppsala: Uppsala University, Department of Theology, 2020)
Islamic Finance and Environmental Sustainability: Empirical Insight from OIC Countries
Authors: Irfany Mohammad Iqbal , Utami Annisa Dwi , Lubis Deni , Ramadhini Fiona , Suwari Lalacitra Fitri , Maula Nisrina Rafelia , Fitriyatustany Fitriyatustany , Haq Daffa Aqomal
Published: November 2024

Environmental degradation remains a significant global challenge, particularly in the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) countries. This study primarily examines the impact of Islamic finance, proxied by two indicators, namely Islamic financial assets and Islamic banking financing, and other variables including Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), urbanization, renewable energy adoption, and forest area, on CO2 emissions. This study revealed that Islamic financial assets had a negative impact on CO2 emissions, highlighting their importance in supporting green investments and sustainability. However, Islamic banking financing has little influence on emissions reduction, most likely due to carbon-intensive initiatives. Furthermore, GDP growth increases emissions, although FDI, urbanization, and forest areas help to lower them. These findings underscore Islamic finance's critical role in fostering sustainable development, as well as the necessity for better green Islamic financing policies in OIC member nations. The findings also provide important insights for policymakers working to balance economic growth with environmental sustainability in Islamic finance.
Counteracting legal and economic risks of enterprises under martial law
Authors: Franchuk Vasyl , Nakonechna Nataliya , Moysa Volodymyr , Blahuta Yaroslav , Kinarov Viktor
Published: November 2024

The hyper-dynamic environment in 2024 has already brought considerable changes to the activities of modern enterprises, creating a series of new risks of both legal and economic nature, which increases the relevance of choosing the form of response to them. The purpose of this study was to analyse possible ways of improving the technology of counteracting the factors that facilitate the formation of a crisis situation at an enterprise in the system of managerial decision-making. The research methodology involved the use of formal legal analysis of legislation and the expert method to identify external and internal economic and legal factors, as well as methods of system analysis and hierarchy analysis. As a result, the most significant negative economic and legal factors were identified. A matrix grid between these factors, both internal and external, was presented. The main result of the study is a model that presents a technology for counteracting negative factors that can lead to crisis situations at a modern enterprise in Ukraine. Among these factors, a special place is occupied by those caused by the specific features of the current regulatory framework for the activities of enterprises under martial law, which is based on the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No. 303-2022-p of 2022 and the Law of Ukraine No. 2136-IX “On the Organisation of Labour Relations under Martial Law”. As a result, the proposed technology lays the information foundation for making effective management decisions by key security actors in a modern enterprise. The practical value of this study lies in the possibility of using the proposed approach in the activities of Ukrainian enterprises to meet the information needs of security actors
Legal regulation of surrogacy: International experience, status and prospects for development in Ukraine
Authors: Maikut Khrystyna , Savaida Olena , Zdrenyk Ivanna , Tsmots Uliana
Published: November 2024

The use of assisted reproductive technologies in Ukraine is insufficiently regulated at the legislative level, which necessitates a study of one of the types of assisted reproductive technologies – surrogacy – and the legal basis for the use of this phenomenon in Ukraine. The purpose of this study was to clarify the status and identify the shortcomings of legal regulation of surrogacy under the national legislation of Ukraine, and to investigate the world practices of its development. To fulfil the stated purpose, the study employed general scientific and special methods of scientific cognition, specifically, the formal legal method, the comparative legal method, and the method of functional forecasting. The study focused on the specific features of consolidating the institution of surrogacy in European legislation. The study found no unified international regulation of surrogacy relations, which leads to the existence of different approaches to their regulation in legislation. The study analysed the current state of national legislation on the use of assisted reproductive technologies through surrogacy and highlighted the existing gaps and shortcomings that need to be addressed. It was found that Ukraine lacks comprehensive legal regulation of surrogacy relations, which leads to contradictory opinions on the problem of using this type of assisted reproductive technologies. Based on the study conducted, conclusions were drawn on the need to amend the legislation of Ukraine regarding the use of surrogacy as a type of assisted reproductive technology. An analysis of the regulations of Ukraine suggests the need for a unified legal regulation of the surrogacy process. This analysis of the regulatory framework is of practical significance for further legislative regulation of legal relations in surrogacy matters
Legal framework for health policy to reduce the level of substance abuse in the United States
Authors: Ige Kehinde Moses , Krivins Anatokijs , Vilks Andrejs , Kipane Aldona
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study was to identify and legally assess the key legal instruments and strategies employed in the United States of America to combat substance abuse and their impact on the development of national health policy in this area. The study used quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis, including the processing of statistical data on the financing of addiction prevention and treatment programmes, analysis of federal and regional legislative acts, and comparative analysis of the policies of different states on the regulation of psychoactive substances. The key findings showed a significant evolution of the legal approach to the problem of substance abuse. The study revealed a gradual shift from a purely punitive approach to a balanced strategy that combines elements of prevention, treatment, and harm reduction. Furthermore, the analysis of funding showed a 35% increase in federal support for prevention programmes between 2018 and 2022, which led to improved access to healthcare for drug users and the development of recovery programmes. The results of a comparative analysis of state policies on the regulation of psychoactive substances showed a considerable difference in approaches, specifically regarding the legalisation of marijuana, which creates legal and regulatory challenges due to contradictions between federal and local laws. Specifically, in states where marijuana is legalised for medical or recreational use, the level of trafficking offences has decreased, but questions arise concerning the regulation of cultivation and distribution. It was also found that the introduction of telemedicine has significantly increased the effectiveness of drug treatment in a pandemic, allowing more patients to be reached, but this approach needs further improvement in the field of regulation and control. The findings of the study point to the need for closer integration of prevention, healthcare, and legal measures at all levels of government, unification of legislation on the regulation of psychoactive substances at the federal and state levels, as well as decriminalisation of drugs for personal use, which can reduce the level of criminalisation of society and contribute to a more effective fight against substance abuse