bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal Cutoff Values of Allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E to House Dust Mites and Animal Dander Based on Skin-prick Test Results: Analysis in 16,209 Patients with Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Hong Sang Duk , Ryu Gwanghui , Seo Min Young , Jeong Jong In , Kim Hyo Yeol , Chung Seung-Kyu , Dhong Hun-Jong
Published: January 2018

Background

The most common tests for allergen sensitization in patients with allergic rhinitis are the skin-prick test (SPT) and an in vitro test to detect serum specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE). However, in vitro allergen test results were interpreted dichotomically as positive or negative at a threshold of 0.35 kU/L of sIgE, regardless of the patient characteristics or antigen types.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to determine the cutoff value for sIgE in house-dust mites and animal dander, and to analyze differences in cutoff value according to age and gender.

Methods

A total of 16,209 patients with more than one allergic rhinitis symptom who underwent both SPT and serum sIgE testing were retrospectively evaluated between March 2008 and May 2012. There were 9374 male (57.8%) and 6835 female (42.2%) patients. The mean age was 31.8 years (range, 2–89 years). The criterion standard for allergen sensitization was defined as a wheal of >3 mm or an allergen-to-histamine ratio of ≥1 in SPT results. The Youden index was used to calculate the cutoff value of sIgE.

Results

Cutoff values of sIgE for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, cat, and dog were 0.69, 1.16, 0.13, and 0.45 kU/L, respectively. The cutoff value of sIgE changed according to age for D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae but not for cat and dog allergens. When categorizing according to age group, the cutoffvalues ofsIgE for D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae had a tendency to decrease with age. There was no significant difference in cutoffvalue according to gender.

Conclusion

The cutoffvalue for sIgE differed for each antigen and changed with age. Physicians should select the proper cutoffvalue for sIgE for appropriate criteria according to antigen and patient age rather than using a uniform cutoffvalue.
Transnasal Endoscopic Resection of Pediatric Orbital Cyst: “How I do it”
Authors: Ma Jingying , Huang Zhenxiao , Zhou Bing
Published: January 2018

Background

An orbital cystic lesion is a common orbital disease and has classically been approached via external incision. The introduction of endoscopic surgery has revolutionized the management of sinus and skull base disorders. Similarly, endoscopic techniques have been increasingly used to access intraorbital lesions with excellent outcomes, especially in pediatric patients.

Objective

We described, in detail, the surgical technique of the endoscopic approach to treat a pediatric orbital cyst.

Results

The cyst was completely resected, and the patient quickly recovered without any complication.

Conclusion

The transnasal endoscopic surgical approach can be safe and effective for pediatric patients with orbital lesions. Use of this approach is based on the surgeon's experience and progressive instrumentation.
Endoscopically Assisted Crawford Tube Placement Results in Shorter General Anesthesia Times in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Dobberpuhl Mitchell R. , Timoney Peter J. , Comer Brett T.
Published: January 2018

Background

Crawford tube placement is commonly used to achieve patency of nasolacrimal ducts for epiphora secondary to nasolacrimal duct obstruction. The nasal passages of pediatric patients are narrower than adults, and the result is a relatively higher risk of intranasal complications (e.g., synechiae, bleeding) with Crawford tube placement. There is evidence that general anesthesia may negatively affect the neurocognitive function and behavioral development of children, which prompts efforts to decrease operation times for potential health benefits and also potentially to reduce health care costs. Analysis ofresearch reports supports the use of nasal endoscopy to reduce intranasal complications with Crawford tube placement; however, no publications currently address the effect of nasal endoscopy concurrent with Crawford tube placement on operative times on pediatric patients or the resulting effects on health care costs.

Objective

To determine the difference in procedure time and cost between Crawford tubes placed traditionally and those placed with endoscopic assistance in pediatric patients.

Methods

A chart review was performed from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2016 for cases using CPT codes 68815 or 31231. Within this group of patients, the patient in whom nasal endoscopy was performed were placed in the “endoscopic” group and the patients without endoscopy were placed in the “traditional” group. Procedure times were noted, and the t-test was performed to examine for any statistically significant difference in operative times. Estimates of anesthesia cost savings were made. We identified 24 patients in the traditional group and 7 patients in the endoscopic group.

Results

The average operative time for the traditional group was 27.3 minutes compared with 14.0 minutes for the endoscopic group (p = 0.02). The cost comparison data revealed no significant difference with the traditional group averaging $9369 per procedure and the endoscopic group averaging $8891 (p = 0.51).

Conclusion

An endoscopically assisted Crawford tube placement resulted in patients who had less time under general anesthesia compared with the traditional technique at no difference in cost.
Headaches and Facial Pain in Rhinology
Authors: Jayawardena Asitha D. L. , Chandra Rakesh
Published: January 2018

“Sinus headache” is a common chief complaint that often leads patients to an otolaryngologist's office. Because facial pain may or may not be sinogenic in origin, the otolaryngologist should be equipped to evaluate and treat or to appropriately refer these patients. Analysis of current data indicates that the majority of patients who present with sinus headaches actually have migraines. Furthermore, the downstream effect of the cytokine cascade initiated in migraine physiology can cause rhinologic symptoms, including rhinorrhea, congestion, and lacrimation, which may also confound diagnosis. Other causes of sinus headache include the following: cluster headaches, Sluder neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia, myofascial trigger point pain (tension headaches, temporomandibular joint dysfunction), and contact point headaches. The diagnostic dilemma for an otolaryngologist occurs when a patient has facial pain and symptoms that may indicate chronic rhinosinusitis but with nondiagnostic endoscopy. Traditionally, these patients have been primarily managed with empiric antibiotics. An alternative strategy is to first screen these patients with an upfront computed tomography. This algorithm may ultimately decrease cost; avert unnecessary antibiotics prescriptions; and prompt more timely referrals to other, more appropriate, disciplines, such as neurology, dentistry, and/or pain management specialists.
Mobile Learning: The Philosophical Challenges, Problems and Implications of Defining and Theorising
Authors: Traxler John
Published: January 2018

This essay uses the popular and perennial topic of definition as a way to explore differing perspectives and expectations amongst the various communities whose interests and activities overlap in what has come to be called mobile learning, and to discuss the role and choice of theory in mobile learning. The purpose of the paper is to add to the academic foundations of mobile learning. These communities continue to make progress and continue also to make mistakes; the researchers continue to provide ideas and examples for practitioners, policy-makers, activists and developers, but often on assumptions, logic and inferences that are not transparent or robust. This is the problem being addressed. Here we seek to add greater critical rigour to the language and expectations being deployed. The essay is by nature not definitive, but seeks merely to expose some of the lack of clarity when mobile learning is discussed and promoted.
RE-ALIGNING THE SELF: THE NDEBELE WOMAN AND THE INSTITUTION OF MARRIAGE AND FAMILY AS PRESENTED IN NDEBELE MYTHOLOGY
Authors: Siziba L , Wood F
Published: January 2018

Â This article sets out to discuss the role of the Ndebele woman within the various institutions of Ndebele culture. It analyses the woman within the context of marriage, family and society as a whole. The researchers trace the development of the woman from a pre-colonial context as reflected in the Ndebele myth of creation, through a colonial context as reflected by contemporary mythology as well as by the contemporary roles of women in most societies. It is through mythology, folklore and proverbs in Ndebele traditional and contemporary society that gender roles are prescribed. This is because orature is the bank that houses societyâ€™s history, norms, values and customs. This research therefore investigates the role of the Ndebele woman within the institution of marriage, and within the family structure. It also analyses the presentation of the roles of Ndebele women and men in society, with particular emphasis on domestic and gender roles. In doing so, the article addresses the notion that gender roles did not begin to change during the post-colonial era since that change began in the colonial context and then developed and affected women right through the post-colonial phase. This article reveals this crisis through the juxtaposition of the colonial â€˜Christianâ€™ myth of creation and the Ndebele myth of creation.
NAMING OF BASOTHO MEDICINAL PLANTS: SEMANTIC CONNECTION TO THEIR REMEDIES
Authors: Possa R , Khotso P
Published: January 2018

The indigenous knowledge of the Basotho makes it simple for this speech community to name their traditional medicinal plants in such a way that they are meaningful; this could also be viewed as an empowerment technique, especially in the economic sphere. Their medicinal plants names seem to be idiomatic and to express certain philosophies of the Basotho society. Creativity is observable in this kind of naming, and many names allude to the kind of remedy that is associated with the medicinal plant. It is therefore the interest of this paper to consider the names of medical plants among the Basotho whose names allude to the remedy they provide. The names of Sesotho medicinal plants and the reasoning of the Basotho in general behind the name and the use of each medicinal plant will be discussed in this article. This paper will further preserve and promote the use of Basotho traditional medicines for the future generation.
PERCEIVED GENDER INEQUALITY REFLECTED IN ZULU PROVERBS: A FEMINIST APPROACH
Authors: Mathonsi N , Mpungose Z
Published: January 2018

Many scholars have done research about the significance of Zulu proverbs in the society. While most studies have concluded that proverbs play a significant role in instilling positive behaviour in the society (cf. Mathonsi, 2004; Magwaza, 2004, etc.), this paper seeks to show negative emotions (gender inequities) reflected on the some selected Zulu proverbs. Adopting a radical feminist perspective, this paper presents a discussion of Zulu proverbs referring to the role and position of men in the society and those which are associated with women and marriage. The discussion in the article centres around the rigidity of Zulu proverbs vis-Ã -vis prevalent changes in the society
TELLING THE TALE, TELLING THE NATION: TIV TALES, MODERNITY AND THE (RE)CONSTRUCTION OF NIGERIAN NATIONHOOD
Authors: Tsaaior James
Published: January 2018

Scholarship negotiating African folktales and the entire folkloric tradition in Africa has always been constituted as harbouring fundamental lacks. One of these lacks is the supposed incapacity of oral cultures to produce high literature. However, it is true that folktales and other oral forms in Africa can participate actively in the social, political and cultural process. In this paper, we engage folktales told by the Tiv of central Nigeria and situate them within the dynamic of history, culture, modernity and national construction in Nigeria. The paper adopts a historicist and culturalist perspective in its interpretation of the folktales which were collected in particular Tiv communities. This methodological approach helps to crystallize the historical and cultural lineaments embedded in the peopleâ€™s experiences, values and worldviews. It also constitutes a contextual background for the understanding of the folktales as they offer informed commentaries on social currents and political contingencies in Nigeria. It argues that though folktales belong to a pre-scientific and pre-industrial dispensation, they are part of the peopleâ€™s intangible cultural heritage and are capable of distilling powerful statements which negotiate Nigerian modernity and postcolonial condition. The paper underscores the dynamism and functionality of folktales even in an increasingly globalised ethos.
DEATH DIVINATION WITHIN A NON-DELUSIONAL MYTH:THE PROCESSION OF THE DEAD FROM THE ALPS TO HIMALAYAS…WHEN A THEORIA OF “PHANTOM-BODIES” MEETS ITS NEURAL VERIDICTION THEORY
Authors: Armand Fabio , Cathiard Marie-Agnès , Abry Christian
Published: January 2018

One of the avatars of the Return of the Dead occurs in Europe as their Procession. It is attributed to the so-called Birth of the Purgatory in the 12th–13th centuries, which reinvested older cohorts of “Phantom-Bodies”, say the Wild Hunt. Related to this “theoria”, motif D1825.7.1. Person sees phantom funeral procession some time before the actual procession takes place, is endowed with D1825.6.: Magic power to “see” who will die during coming year. In spite of their disbelief in the Purgatory, Protestant countries, Scandinavia, Switzerland, Germany, England, etc., currently meet this Procession of the Dead (compare Totenprozession, in Enzyklopädie des Märchens, 13, 820, which forgot more Southern Romance Processions). As precursors of the Reformation (since the 12th-13th century), Waldensians were more efficient in wiping out revenants from their Refuge in the Piedmont Alps. As for India, except an indexing by Thompson and Balys (1958) for a pair of narratives, there was nothing else available. Present fieldwork in Hindu and shamanisic Nepal elicited new data, including ones with death divination. And the least surprising was not that Tibeto-Burman Newar tradition made of the five Hindu male Pandavas a cultural melting “theoria” of five malevolent female spirits, the Panchabhāya, which meets Tibetan Dākinīs. All these Phantom-Bodies’ Processions were not considered as deliration, but as non-delusional reports, as neurally real as phantom limbs. The BRAINCUBUS model framework offers an interface between Folkloristics and Neuroscience, a theory allowing the grounding of such over-intuitive experience-centered narratives, giving fair prevalence, worldwide, to the “4th brain state” diagnosed as sleep paralysis.
LE MYTHE ET LA MEDICINE DANS LA PROSE DE MIRCEA ELIADE
Authors: Bako Alina
Published: January 2018

The parallel between the history of real medicine and the one of real literature embraces the linking point of the two fundamental fields, existing in both directions, by the relation they establish with humankind’s historical evolution. The first level we are considering in the analysis of the novel – case study – for the narrative forms at the intersection of the two kinds of reality where knowledge is constructed from the identification of the diseases that touch the human being and their relationship with the myth in which the individual is included. Eliade’s novel becomes a way of finding an explanation for this intersection between myth, narcotics and dream.
LES AXES DE LA CRÉATION ET LA NAISSANCE DE LʹIMAGINAIRE COMME LANGAGE MYTHIQUE
Authors: Danciu Liliana , Danciu Petru Adrian
Published: January 2018

The axes of the creation and birth of the imaginary as a mythical language. Our research follows the relationships of the concepts that are taking into account creation on the double axis of verticality and horizontality. We highlight those symbolic elements which would later constitute the mythical language about the sacred space-temporality. Inside this space-temporality a rich spectrum of mythical images develops; images capable of explaining the relationships of the creation plans. Without a religious perception of the temporality, the conceptualization of the axis would remain a philosophical approach. Through our point of view, the two are born simultaneously. Thanks to them, creation can be imagined. The first “frozen” formula of the mystical human spirit can be thought, brought to a palpable reality, expressed in an oral and then a written form. Studied together, temporality (sacred or not) and space are permanently imagined together. For example, a loss of mundane temporality in the secret ecstasy that offers to the soul an ascending direction does not mean getting out of universal temporality, but of its mundane section. In the sacred space the soul relates to time. Even the gods are submitted by the sacred, Aeon sometimes being synonymous to destiny. The universal creator seems to evade every touch, but not consistently, only when he avoids the descent into its created worlds. In sacredness, time and space seem or become confused, both expressing the same reality, by the immediate swing from thinking to deed. The mythical imagery conceives the displacement in the primary space-temporality by the spoken word. So, for something to appear and live, the spoken word is required. Even the divine dream appears as a pre-word of a creator’s thought. The thought follows the spoken word, the spoken word follows the gestures which finally indicate the meanings of the creative act, controlling the rhythm of the creation days. These three will later be adapted through imitation in rite. We are now situated at the limit of the physical world, a real challenge for the mythical imagery. The general feature of the mythical expression on the creation of the material world is the state of the divinity’s exhaustion, most often conceptualized by sacrifice or divine fatigue. The world geography identifies with the anatomy of a self-gutted god. Practically, material creation is most likely the complete revelation of God’s body autopsy. As each body decomposes, everything in it is an illusion. An axial approach of the phenomenon exists in all religious systems. The created element’s origin is exterior, with or without a pre-existing matter, by a god’s sacrifice or only because it has to be that way. This is the starting point of the discussion on the symbolism of axiality as a reason for the constitution of the language of creation, capable of retelling the imaginary construction of myth in an oral and then written form.
LES MYTHES DANS L’ŒUVRE ROMANESQUE DE DUMITRU TSEPENEAG: L’EXPRESSION DE SON IDENTITÉ CULTURELLE
Authors: Elvireanu Sonia
Published: January 2018

The paper’s aim is to follow the metamorphosis of Romanian myths, mainly the myth of Mioritza, in the novels of Dumitru Tsepeneag, a Romanian writer exiled in France after WW II. It is important to see to which extent the source culture is reflected in his writings as an expression of cultural identity through myths in their quality as transmitters of cultural significance, talking about the Romanian soul, about a simple, pastoral lifestyle. From the Romanian folklore underlining the old myths to classical literature, the pastoral myth suffered modifications, mainly in the works of writers of the 19th and 20th centuries, and Dumitru Tsepeneag is one of them. A nonconformist writer, theorist of aesthetic oneirism in Romanian literature, this author has given proof of a permanent desire of literary renewal even under a totalitarian regime which undermined all literary experience surpassing the official canon, the one of socialist realism, which Tsepeneag tried to avoid. Being a precursor of postmodernism in Romania in the 1970s, through his textualist literary texts illustrating aesthetic oneirism, Tsepeneag’s creation is an expression of the nostalgia of origins – through the deconstruction of the Mioritza myth in a postmodernist manner, as a parody, constantly superposed on other myths, on differences, diversity, alterity, all discovered in exile.
LES IMAGES DE LA FÉMINITÉ DANS LA MYTHOLOGIE POPULAIRE ROUMAINE
Authors: Danciu Liliana
Published: January 2018

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LA RÉÉCRITURE DU MYTHE HOMÉRIQUE CHEZ MILAN KUNDERA
Authors: Elvireanu Sonia
Published: January 2018

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ZOOTROPIA, FAKELORE AND REMYTHIFICATION: THE GRAIL CASTLE, THE TOWER OF LONDON, THE ROCK OF GIBRALTAR AND THE CAVE OF THE SLEEPING HERO
Authors: Madondo Sibusiso Hyacinth
Published: January 2018

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BABEL : VARIATIONS SUR LA SPIRALE
Authors: Thomasset Claude Alexandre
Published: January 2018

Notre propos est d’aborder les représentations de la Tour de Babel du point de vue de la technique de l’artiste. La représentation a ses contraintes et le créateur d’images, qu’il soit dessinateur, sculpteur ou réalisateur de miniatures, doit donner forme à des schèmes simples qui sont la structure et l’âme de ce qu’il crée. Pour Babel, le nombre des oeuvres médiévales est, dans un premier temps, très limité. Après le point sur les connaissances scientifiques du XIIIe siècle, nous assisterons à l’irrésistible ascension de la spirale dans la réalisation babélienne à la fin du Moyen Age, en ajoutant toutefois à notre investigation quelques tableaux du XVIe et du XVIIe siècle. Les réalisations techniques et le savoir mathématico- géométrique ont-ils eu une influence sur l’élaboration des oeuvres ? Ces connaissances nous permettent-elles une interprétation de l’aventure d’un bâtiment mythique dans l’histoire des hommes ?
THE STARS, MILDEW, RUST AND THE WASTE LAND IN THE STORY OF THE GRAIL*
Authors: Walter Philippe
Published: January 2018

When the Grail emerged unobtrusively for the first time shortly after 1180 in The Story of the Grail authored by Chrétien de Troyes it was hardly noticeable. It emerged in the context, viewed from certain angles, of a table ritual on the occasion of a feast presented by the Fisher King to young Perceval whom he invited to share his table. When it appeared before the two table guests it did not stop in front of them but disappeared into a side chamber. It was accompanied by a plate, a serving dish on which to carve meat. But it was also preceded by a bleeding lance whose presence at the feast seemed wholly out of context and inexplicable. The rather cryptic description of the grail, replete with hidden meanings and ambiguities, started a myth, more evocative than anything the Middle Ages had ever known. The Grail theme remained in evidence throughout the Middle Ages, then disappeared from the 16th to the 19th century, then sprang into life vividly once more in the form of Wagnerian opera as Parzifal. Today all manifestations of the Grail are egregiously misrepresented as if it had always been the Holy Grail. It behooves us to take another look at its earliest manifestation before all the transformations and Christianisations to which it was subjected by western culture1. In fact, the original Grail had nothing at all in common with Christianity.
â€˜WOMEN, COME AND ROAST YOUR OWN RAM!â€™: RECOLLECTIONS ON MAU-MAU GENERAL CHUI WA MARARO (1927â€“1956)
Authors: Gathogo Julius
Published: January 2018

Little has been written about General Chui (1927â€“1956), the unique and charismatic fighter during Kenyaâ€™s war of independence, yet he worked hand-in-hand with Field Marshall Dedan Kimathi Wachiuri, the overall commander of Kenya Land and Freedom Army (KLFA), also called Mau- Mau fighters. Kibara wa Mararo, later General Chui, who came from Meiria residence, Mugaya state, Kamuiru village of Mutira location, Ndia Division of the present day Kirinyaga County, Kenya, became a household name, and a hero to the then marginalised African populace, after the famous Mbaara ya Rui Ruiru (battle of river Ruiru). In this war of 1953, which took place on the border of Nyeri district (which was elevated to a County in 2010) and the old Embu district (which constitutes Kirinyaga and Embu counties), Kibara wa Mararo disguised himself as a regional inspector of the police. Clad in full colonial army uniform, he was able to trick some security officers and the loyalists who were derogatorily called Tukonia (empty sacks). This made them quickly rush to meet their boss. In a twinkle of an eye, the coded language (kebunoko) was sounded calling the Mau-Mau fighters who eventually turned their guns on the officers thereby wiping them clean in one blow. It is from there that the Mau-Mau high command declared him an army general. Since then, he became known as General Chui â€“ â€˜Chuiâ€™ meaning the sharp leopard. As Kenya marked its 50 years of independence (1963â€“2013), with pomp and colour, the sacrificial role of General Chui re-appears as one wonders: how was such a military genius finally ambushed at River Rwamuthambiâ€™s Riakiania mushy cave and subsequently shot dead by the colonial forces? Did the surrendering Mau-Mau soldiers betray him, General Magazine and the other fighters who died of gun shot wounds at the Riakiania scene? Again, what were his political ideals? In its methodology, the article begins by retracing the nature of Mau-Mau movement citing the key issues that possibly caused it. It then moves on to chronicle General Chui wa Mararo as a case study. The materials in this presentation are largely gathered through interviews and archival sources.
FACILITATING LOCAL STORIES IN POST-DISASTER REGIONAL COMMUNITIES: EVALUATION IN NARRATIVE-DRIVEN ORAL HISTORY PROJECTS
Authors: Klaebe Helen
Published: January 2018

Cyclone Yasi struck the Cassowary Coast of Northern Queensland, Australia, in the early hours of 3 February 2011, destroying many homes and property, including the destruction of the Cardwell and District Historical Societyâ€™s (CDHS) premises. With their own homes flattened, many residents were forced to live in mobile accommodation, with extended family, or leave the area altogether. The historical society members seemed, however, particularly devastated by their flattened foreshore museum and loss of their precious collection of material. A call for assistance was made through the Oral History Association of Australiaâ€™s Queensland branch (OHAA-Qld), which, along with a Queensland University of Technology (QUT) research team, sponsored a trip to best plan how they could start to pick up the pieces to rebuild the museum. This article highlights the need for communities to gather, preserve and present their own stories, in a way that is sustainable and meaningful to them â€“ whether it is because of a disaster, or as they go about life in their contemporary communities â€“ the key being that good advice, professional support and embedded evaluation practices at crucial moments along the way can be critically important.
ORAL HISTORY SOURCES AS LEARNING MATERIALS: A CASE STUDY OF THE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Nkala Gugulethu Shamaine , David Rodreck
Published: January 2018

Knowledge presented by Oral History (OH) is unique in that it shares the tacit perspective, thoughts, opinions and understanding of the interviewee in its primary form. While teachers, lecturers and other education specialists have at their disposal a wide range of primary, secondary and tertiary sources upon which to relate and share or impart knowledge, OH presents a rich source of information that can improve the learning and knowledge impartation experience. The uniqueness of OH is presented in the following advantages of its use: it allows one to learn about the perspectives of individuals who might not otherwise appear in the historical record; it allows one to compensate for the digital age; one can learn different kinds of information; it provides historical actors with an opportunity to tell their own stories in their own words; and it offers a rich opportunity for human interaction. This article discusses the placement of oral history in the classroom set-up by investigating its use as a source of learning material presented by the National Archives of Zimbabwe to students in the Department of Records and Archives Management at the National University of Science and Technology (NUST). Interviews and a group discussion were used to gather data from an archivist at the National Archives of Zimbabwe, lecturers and students in the Department of Records and Archives Management at NUST, respectively. These groups were approached on the usability, uniqueness and other characteristics that support this type of knowledge about OH in a tertiary learning experience. The findings indicate several qualities that reflect the richness of OH as a teaching source material in a classroom set-up. It further points to weak areas that may be addressed where the source is considered a viable strategy for knowledge sharing and learning. The researchers present a possible model that can be used to champion the use of this rich knowledge source in classroom education at this university and in similar set-ups.Â
OVERVIEW OF THE ORAL HISTORY PROGRAMME AT THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF ZIMBABWE: IMPLICATIONS FOR NATION BUILDING AND SOCIAL COHESION
Authors: Bhebhe Sindiso
Published: January 2018

This article will aim to give an overview of the development of oral history programme at the National Archives of Zimbabwe since the colonial period to the present. It will look at the strengths and weaknesses of the programme, especially in issues of inclusivity and exclusivity. The article will try to answer Â questions such as whether the programme is national in its outlook or elitist in its approach, serving the interests of few dominant ethnic groups. How it is faring in giving a voice to those marginalised groups of the society will be another issue the article will consider. It will also look at the approaches and methodologies used to collect oral testimonies and how these bear in the long term on preserving and archiving these recorded testimonies. The article will mainly be based on the views made by intervieweeâ€™s who, when interviewed during the oral history programme, made passing statements about the programme. The environment encountered by archivists and the welcome given to them in different communities they visited during oral history exercises will be discussed, especially its implications on the success of oral traditions programme at the National Archives of Zimbabwe. The literature on oral history relating to National Archives of Zimbabwe will be reviewed and a document analysis will be done.
BRICS AND SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA TRADE INTERDEPENDENCE AND PEACE: EVIDENCE BASED ON REVEALED COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES
Authors: Beyene Hailay Gebretinsae
Published: January 2018

This study examined economic integration through trade between BRIGS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) countries and sub-Saharan Africa. The study examines the comparative advantages of the two economic blocks with respect to the exportation of merchandise (food, agricultural raw materials, fuels, ores and metals, and manufactures). The findings of this study reveal the actual status of these two regions as economic partners in each of the five subsectors of merchandise exports.The Â trend Â shows Â that, Â with Â the Â exception Â of Â manufactures Â exports, the competitiveness of all subsectors of the merchandise Â exports ofÂ  BRIGS is characterised by a Â declining Â trend. Â BRIGS has Â a Â comparativeÂ  advantage in the world in the exportation of manufactures and fuels, and comparative disadvantage in the export of food, agricultural raw materials, and ores and metals. Â Interestingly, manufactures are Â continuously Â and consistently Â in a steadily rising trend. This is evidence that BRIGS's structural transformation towards higher valued-added commodities is proceeding well, which means that policy makers should be considering ways of enhancing it further.In the case of sub-Saharan Africa,Â with the exception of manufactures exports, it is found to have comparative advantages in all merchandise exports. Sub- Saharan Africaâ€™s competitive advantage is the highest in the exportation of ores and metals, followed by fuels, agricultural raw materials and food. Sub-Saharan Africa has a comparative disadvantage in the export of manufactures throughout the period considered in this study. This implies that the prospects of structural transformation to downstream of the higher value-added commodities export part of the supply chain are good: the slow pace of transformation towards higher value-added goods should therefore be demanding the attention of policy makers. The study has revealed that sub-Saharan Africa is more competitive than BRICS in the exportation of ores and metals, fuel, agricultural raw materials and food. On the other hand, BRICS is more competitive than sub-Saharan Africa in the export of manufactures.The study has also revealed that significant economic integration can be sustained Â between Â BRICS Â and Â sub-Saharan Â Africa Â in Â the Â exportation Â of all merchandise subsectors. Specifically, sub-Saharan Africa is a potential destination market for BRICSâ€™s exports of manufactures. Conversely, BRICS is also a potential destination market for sub-Saharan Africaâ€™s exports of ores and metals, fuel, agricultural raw materials and food.Economic integration between BRICS and sub-Saharan Africa favourably influences peace and stability in the regions. Sustaining peace and stability in these regions also favourably influences the wellbeing of the communities.
Animal Rights Theory, Animal Welfarism and the ˜'New Welfarist' Amalgamation: A Critical Perspective
Authors: De Villiers Jan-Harm
Published: January 2018

Adherents of the 'new welfarist' approach advocate welfare reforms as essential short-term steps en route to the ultimate ideal of animal rights. A critical engagement with the ideological underpinnings of animal welfare theory and animal rights theory illustrates the contrasting moral spaces that the animal occupies in these theories and that the 'new welfarist' approach is philosophically unsound in assuming that these approaches are ideologically compatible. Karin van Marle's '˜jursiprudence of slowness' and Jacques Derrida's exposition of the sacrificial logic underlying Western culture's exclusion of animals from the 'thou shalt not kill' proscription provides a framework within which to illustrate and engage with the ideological purlieu that separates these theories.
Challenges and Prospects for Traditional Leadership in Africa: Towards Innovative Ideas to Enhance African Values among the Youth in South Africa
Authors: Iya Philip
Published: January 2018

The highly contested public law issue of the recognition of African values in South Africa with emphasis on the youth is addressed in this article. The arguments mooted revolve around the hypothesis that the youth in Africa ngenerally, but particularly in South Africa, are seldom involved in debates relating to African values, with the instance of African traditional leadership as a case in point. In expanding on this hypothesis two different approaches/schools of thought relating to the recognition of traditional leadership are highlighted. On the one end we find the â€˜traditionalistsâ€™ with their emphasis on the â€˜continued existence of traditional leadersâ€™ for various reasons. On the other end, we find the â€˜modernistsâ€™ who campaign for the total abolition of the institution of traditional leadership. However, the adoption of a more pragmatic middle course (an â€˜inter-entrenchedâ€™ goalpost) is advocated. Nevertheless, the central question remains â€˜how the South African society should move between the two goalposts (between traditionalism and modernism)?â€™ The answer to this question is the challenge.
The Role of the Principle of Legality in Preserving Municipal Constitutional Integrity
Authors: Mathenjwa Mbuzeni Johnson
Published: January 2018

Case Note
Investigating the influence of aromatic moieties on the formulation of hydrophobic natural products and drugs in poly(2-oxazoline) based amphiphiles
Authors: Luxenhofer Robert , Lübtow Michael M , Hahn Lukas , Lorson Thomas , Schobert Rainer
Published: January 2018

Many natural compounds with interesting biomedical properties share one physicochemical property, namely a low water solubility. Polymer micelles are, among others, a popular means to solubilize hydrophobic compounds. The specific molecular interactions between the polymers and the hydrophobic drugs are diverse and recently it has been discussed that macromolecular engineering can be used to optimize drug loaded micelles. Specifically, π-π stacking between small molecules and polymers has been discussed as an important interaction that can be employed to increase drug loading and formulation stability. Here, we test this hypothesis using four different polymer amphiphiles with varying aromatic content and various natural products that also contain different relative amounts of aromatic moieties. While in the case of paclitaxel, having the lowest relative content of aromatic moieties, the drug loading decreases with increasing relative aromatic amount in the polymer, the drug loading of curcumin, having a much higher relative aromatic content, is increased. Interestingly, the loading using schizandrin A, a dibenzo[a,c]cyclooctadiene lignan with intermediate relative aromatic content is not influenced significantly by the aromatic content of the polymers employed. The very high drug loading, long term stability, the ability to form stable highly loaded binary coformulations in different drug combinations, small sized formulations and amorphous structures in all cases, corroborate earlier reports that poly(2-oxazoline) based micelles exhibit an extraordinarily high drug loading and are promising candidates for further biomedical applications. The presented results underline that the interaction between the polymers and the incorporated small molecules are complex and must be investigated in every specific case.
De-fuzzification of reflection in the education of health professionals
Authors: Schei Edvin , Fuks Abraham , Boudreau Donald
Published: January 2018

Our educational institutions are mandated to equip future physicians and other health care professionals with the scientific, craft, and inter-personal knowledge and skills to meet the demands of contemporary clinical practice. Clinicians must acquire advanced communication skills, develop the ability to manage complex situations, make appropriate use of medical knowledge and technology, and problem-solve through the exercise of refined judgment. The ability to reflect in and on situations of this nature is considered a necessary professional aptitude in order to ensure effective and compassionate whole person care. Notwithstanding the general acceptance of these premises, ‘reflection’ remains a fuzzy concept. It is a polysemous term that has proved difficult to define and has attracted to itself numerous false claims and unfulfilled promises. Excellence in reflective abilities is notoriously difficult to recognize in another individual and it may not be ‘teachable’. Furthermore, there have been recurring doubts as to the feasibility of meaningfully assessing reflection.We intend to explore these issues in this session. We will demonstrate how reflection can be role-modeled and inculcated. Instructional Methods This will be an interactive workshop. Learning Objectives     By the end of the workshop, participants will be able to:• clarify the concept of reflection and understand its application to the education of health professionals• discuss a framework, including specific methods, for the structuring and deployment of an educational program aimed at promoting reflection.
Personal narrative writing workshops for medical students and patients with HIV: narrative medicine in the post-HAART era
Authors: Schepel Ianthe , Chou Jonathan , Kapetanovic Suad , Vo Anne , Schaff Pamela
Published: January 2018

Since the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART) in the mid-1990's, HIV in the United States has become a chronic and largely controllable disease. Adherence to therapy is one of the most crucial aspects of HIV treatment and control due to the high risk of viral resistance. The main barriers to successful treatment are now psychosocial and structural, including social stigma and the high burden of disease in vulnerable communities. To improve clinical outcomes, physicians today must learn to engage with their patients on the level of their lived experiences, which include their social backgrounds and personal values and priorities. In 2016, supported by a Narrative Medicine Fellowship from Columbia University, we piloted a novel narrative medicine-based medical education intervention in which patients with HIV and medical students from the Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California wrote and shared personal narratives with each other. Nine medical students and five patients participated in one of two five-week long workshop series. Patients were recruited from the Maternal, Child, and Adolescent/Adult Clinic at Los Angeles County General.Mixed methods were used to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the intervention. This included the development of a grounded theory of participants’ experiences of the workshop series. Participants articulated how the workshop series expanded their sense of agency, humanity, and empathy toward others, enabling them to explore new ideals for therapeutic physician-patient relationships. The results of the study, as well as the workshop series method and syllabus, will be presented.
Whole person care rounds: helping a hospital heal
Authors: Komatsu Glen
Published: January 2018

Moving the culture of healthcare to embrace healing in addition to curing is a daunting task. Multiple approaches are required. One such approach has been the introduction of quarterly Whole Person Care (WPC) Rounds at our medical center. The Rounds are creatively developed by an interdisciplinary committee and are open to the entire hospital community, including non-clinicians, volunteers and hospice/home health staff. The Rounds have taken on a variety of formats, from panels of providers, panels of patients/family members, mixed panels and interactive workshops. Examples of titles are Mindfulness in the Workplace, Moral Dilemmas in Medicine, Flourishing in the Workplace, Whose Pain Is It, Anyway?, Death Over Dinner (at Lunch), Joy to the (Our) World. The format is a lunch meeting lasting one hour. The emphasis is always on some aspect of healing for patients, families, clinicians, non-clinical staff or volunteers. Mindfulness work is part of every Rounds. The Congress workshop format would allow an introduction of the concept, examples of previous Rounds, video clips of Rounds, feedback from attendees and interactive sample exercises performed with Congress learners accompanied by robust discussion.
Beyond numbers: learning from the experience of kidney-transplant recipients
Authors: Bogue Kerr Stephanie , Soulière Marguerite , Bell Lorraine
Published: January 2018

The present article presents the findings of a phenomenological study, which sought to explore the subjective experience of kidney transplantation amongst young people who lived the transition from pediatric to adult care.  This study was conducted using a qualitative phenomenological approach, involving semi-directed interviews with five people, three of whom received their kidney transplants as children, the other two as young adults. An in-depth analysis of their narratives revealed the paradoxical nature of the kidney transplant experience for these individuals; existing between self and other, sickness and health, and at times, between life and death. The liminal nature of transplantation was found to be an important quality of the experience, thus leading to an analysis of the experience in relation to the theoretical concepts of liminality and rites of passage. This analysis culminates in the introduction of the term transliminal-self, to encompass the complexity of the experience. Finally, the article concludes with a discussion regarding the relevance of the subjective experience for the practice of medical and allied health professionals who work with transplant recipients.
The head start program for women newly diagnosed with breast cancer
Authors: Seely Dugald , Pitman Anne , Ennis Julie , Wilcox Rabia
Published: January 2018

We present the beneficial impact that our Head Start Program for women newly diagnosed with breast cancer has on participants at the Ottawa Integrative Cancer Centre. While beginning a new world of conventional cancer treatments, our program provides support and guidance at a crucial time of flux in a woman’s life, and addresses the spiritual, physical and mental emotional health of women of all ages, from generation Y through to our elders, who are dealing with a cancer diagnosis.This 6 week program is comprised of workshops, support group sessions and experiential mind body techniques, and is led by a group of therapists skilled in cancer’s psychological and physiological effects.Our research outcome measures of the program to date will be touched upon.
Healing: Toward a practical definition and clinical understanding
Authors: Burley Joseph , McDowell Mary Jane
Published: January 2018

Healing is included as one of the fundamental goals of medicine.  It is a term frequently used in health care but often poorly defined and misunderstood. The purpose of this workshop is to address this problem and will be interactive and discussion driven. We will briefly present a 'working definition' of the concept which will include an outline of the 'realms' of healing work from the diagnostic process through to management and treatment.  We will use a case based introduction as a way of demonstrating our understanding of what the healing process entails. We will offer a number of alternate definitions of the term and examine the phenomenology of “lived experience” of illness using the work of Merleau-Ponty, Toombs, Cavel and Cassell and others.  Existential issues which lead to the “brokenness” experienced through illness and suffering will be explored. We will open and facilitate a discussion of aspects and methods of healing with the goal being a clear and, to some degree, operationalised understanding of the concept(s) which we hope will be clinically useful and demonstrate the path(s) to “wholeness”.  Areas which might be explored in the workshop will include the phenomenology of illness and suffering, the use of the clinician/patient/family relationship as the healing vehicle, intersubjectivity and empathy, the importance of narrative, collaborative and multidisciplinary care, the need to combine objective, empirical (evidence based) knowledge and subjective first person (experiential) knowledge to understand the lived experience of suffering and illness and the methodology of Person Centered and whole person care.
Palliative Care SBAR - A story of forbidden love between SBAR and TWTW with some GRRRR throw in as well
Authors: Jap James
Published: January 2018

This presentation relates the tale of forbidden love that developed between the Situation - Background - Assessment - Recommendation (SBAR) tool and Te Whare Tapa Wha (TWTW) a New Zealand Maori model of health and wellness that has led to the creation of their love-child - the Palliative Care SBAR.Clinical situations can be thought of as stories that need to be shared between healthcare practitioners at relevant times. Communication of such stories can be difficult if the participants do not have appropriate tools available. The SBAR was originally developed by the United States Navy as a communication tool, but is now widely used in healthcare settings for clinical "hand-off"/hand-overs. TWTW is a New Zealand Maori model of health and wellness first developed by Maori health expert Professor Sir Mason Durie in 1982, and has become widely used by New Zealand Palliative Care teams as it provides a framework for holistic, whole person care provision. The Greet, Respectfully listen, Review, Recommend, Reward (GRRRR) listening model provides a formula for listeners to follow. Intrigued yet? Come along to the presentation to see how a budding raconteur, James Jap, cobbles these disparate story elements together. It will be a bit different. You have been warned…