bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In vitro study on the effect of antibiotic combinations on Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms
Authors: Kaur Bhupinder Pal , Ahmad Shamim , Ashraf Humayoun , Thachil Giby
Published: January 2021

Purpose: Effect of combination of various antibiotics on Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm.

Study design: Experimental study.

Methods: The biofilm-producing strains of S. epidermidis were isolated from 100 patients undergoing cataract surgery before instillation of any antibiotic. The strains were subjected to sensitivity test to various antibiotic combinations. The most effective agent was selected and its minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by broth dilution method. The statistics wereperformed using SPSS Version 23 (IBM Corp.) and Chi square test.

Results: A total of 22 biofilm-positive samples were obtained. The combinations of vancomycin with ceftazidime (p < 0.05) followed by moxifloxacin with cefuroxime (p < 0.05) were found to be the most effective. Antibiofilm activity was also shown by other antibiotic combination. The minimum inhibitory concentration of vancomycin and ceftazidime in 11 samples was 2.5 and 2.8 mg/ml, while in the rest of the samples, it was 2.5 and 5.6 mg/ml, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration of moxifloxacin and cefuroxime was 0.125 and 2.81 mg/ml, respectively.

Conclusion: In our study, we conclude that antibiotics are effective in eradicating biofilms.
Amiodarone-induced vortex keratopathy at a low maintenance dose
Authors: Mahajan Deepti , Verma Anil , Sharma Rajesh
Published: January 2021

Vortex keratopathy is a common side effect of amiodarone, which is a class III antiarrhythmic agent. We describe a 50-year-old man who developed vortex keratopahy with amiodarone 200 mg BD for atrial fibrillation since two years. The daily (400 mg/day) and cumulative dose (100 g) combined with the length of therapy is associated with the toxicity. Toxic effects may also be observed at lower maintenance doses, as observed in this patient. This case indicates that multi-organ toxicity due to amiodarone may develop even with short-term use and a low maintenance dose. Having been off the medication for two months, it is expected that the deposition pattern will diminish, as is the case for the vast majority of patients.
Safety and efficacy of reconstituted atropine 0.01% eye drops for Indian children with myopic progression
Authors: C. Vidhya , Murali Kaushik , R. Sowmya
Published: January 2021

Aim: To evaluate safety and efficacy of reconstituted atropine 0.01% eye drops for Indian children with myopic progression.

Methods: Fifty children with progressive myopia with their spherical equivalent increasing at least 0.75 D in 6 months (0.75 to 1.50 D) were put on reconstituted atropine 0.01%. Ocular examination, including near vision, near point of accommodation (NPA), pupil size and axial length, was done. Subjective symptoms of glare and photophobia were noted. Systemic side effects were documented. Analysis was done using Microsoft Excel 2010.

Results: The average age of patients was 9.5 years (range 5 to 14 years) and they were followed up for 1 year. Average mesopic and photopic pupil size was 5 and 4 mm, respectively. Average NPA was 9 cm. Mean increase in spherical equivalence was 0.18 D over 6 months. Average increase in axial length was 0.12 ± 0.11 mm over 6 months and 0.2 ± 0.29 mm over 1 year. Average increase in spherical equivalent over 6 months was 0.07 ± 0.19 D and over 1 year was 0.32 ± 0.29 D. No systemic side effects were recorded.

Conclusion: Reconstituted atropine 0.01% eye drops is safe and efficacious in slowingthe progression of myopia in Indian children.
Improving the prediction of effective lens position for intraocular lens power calculations
Authors: Chui Juanita Noeline , Ong Keith
Published: January 2021

Purpose: Achieving the desired post-operative refraction in cataract surgery requires accurate calculations for intraocular lens (IOL) power. Latest-generation formulae use anterior-chamber depth (ACD)—the distance from the corneal apex to the anterior surface of the lens—as one of the parameters to predict the post-operative IOL position within the eye, termed the effective lens position (ELP). Significant discrepancies between predicted and actual ELP result in refractive surprise. This study aims to improve the predictability of ELP. We hypothesise that predictions based on the distance from the corneal apex to the mid-sagittal plane of the cataractous lens would more accurately reflect the position of the principal plane of the non-angulated IOL within the capsular bag. Accordingly, we propose that predictions derived from ACD + ½LT (length thickness) would be superior to those from ACD alone.

Design: Retrospective cohort study, comparing ELP predictions derived from ACD to aproposed prediction parameter.

Method: This retrospective study includes data from 162 consecutive cataract surgery cases, with posterior-chamber IOL (AlconSN60WF) implantation. Pre- and postoperative biometric measurements were made using the IOLMaster700 (ZEISS, Jena, Germany). The accuracy and reliability of ELP predictions derived from ACD and ACD + ½LT were compared using software-aided analyses.

Results: An overall reduction in average ELP prediction error (PEELP) was achieved using the proposed parameter (root-mean-square-error [RMSE] = 0.50 mm), compared to ACD (RMSE = 1.57 mm). The mean percentage PEELP, comparing between eyes of different axial lengths, was 9.88% ± 3.48% and −34.9% ± 4.79% for predictions derived from ACD + ½LT and ACD, respectively. A 44.10% ± 5.22% mean of differences was observed (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: ACD + ½LT predicts ELP with greater accuracy and reliability than ACD alone; its use in IOL power calculation formulae may improve refractive outcomes.
Assessment of quality of life in glaucoma patients using the Glaucoma Quality of Life-15 questionnaire
Authors: Bhandary Sulatha V. , Kusumkar Pallak , Rao Lavanya G. , Abbagani Surabhi , Addoor Krishna Rao
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess quality of life in glaucoma patients using the Glaucoma Quality of Life-15 (GQL-15) questionnaire. The GQL-15 questionnaire is a glaucoma-specific quality of life questionnaire used to assess the degree of functional disability caused by glaucoma.

Design: Cross-sectional, prospective study with comparison group at a tertiary care hospital.

Materials and methods: The GQL-15 questionnaire was used to evaluate the quality of 80 patients in the glaucoma group and 80 normal subjects in the control group. The data were analyzed by test of proportions and Chi-square test. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results: Glaucoma patients (mean age: 60.5 ± 9.2 years; range: 43–86 years) and comparison group (mean age: 58.9 ± 4.5 years; 52–72 years) were matched with respect to age (p = 0.18). Glaucoma patients had significantly worse quality of life compared to the non-glaucoma group (p < 0.001). Significant differences (p < 0.05) between the scores of the mild, moderate, and severe glaucoma groups were observed, suggesting poorer quality of life as the severity of glaucoma increases.

Conclusions: The GQL-15 revealed that quality of life worsens with increasing severity of glaucoma increases. This fact is important when educating patients about the disease course and its therapy.
Multiple phakomatoses and primary open-angle glaucoma in one individual
Authors: Mitra Arjit , Chaudhury Debarpita , Choudhury Sumit , Sar Suchanda , Ghosh Smita
Published: January 2021

A 50-year-old woman presented with conjunctival melanosis, scleral pigmentation, and Lisch nodules in her left eye. Intraocular pressure was 24 mmHg in the right eye and 14 mmHg in the left eye. She had open angles on gonioscopy. Fundus examination showed a cup-to-disc ratio of 0.7 in the right eye, with an inferior notch and a splinter hemorrhage, and 0.6 in the left eye, with a deep cup with sloping rims. Humphrey visual fields showed an evolving superior arcuate scotoma in her right eye; the left eye was normal. Systemic examination showed axillary freckling. The patient had a family history of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1), her father having been diagnosed with the condition. She had hyperpigmentation of the skin over the forehead and periocular skin on the left side. These unique ocular and systemic features were suggestive of two phakomatoses, NF-1 and nevus of Ota, in one eye, and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in the other eye. that is, three pathologies present together in the same individual, which is an extremely rare occurrence.
MODIFICACIÓN DE CARACTERÍSTICAS AGRONÓMICAS EN MAÍZ TROPICAL POR EFECTO DE SELECCIÓN BAJO ESTRÉS HÍDRICO
Authors: Rincón-Tuexi Juan Arnoldo , Castro-Nava Sergio , López-Santillán José Alberto , Briones-Encinia Florencio , Ortiz-Cereceres Joaquín , Huerta Alfredo J.
Published: January 2021

Se determinaron los cambios en características agronómicas derivados de la selección para tolerancia al estrés hídrico en las poblaciones de maíz (Zea mays L.) ‘Tuxpeño Sequía Ciclo 0’ (TS0), ‘Compuesto Iguala Sequía Ciclo 4’ (CIS4) y sus ciclos avanzados ‘TS Ciclo 8’ (TS8) y ‘CIS Ciclo 6’ (CIS6) respectivamente. Se evaluaron en campo bajo condiciones de riego y de humedad restringida, en el municipio de Güemez, Tam., México. La condición de riego consistió en suministrar agua para mantener el suelo cerca de la capacidad de campo, y la condición de humedad restringida consistió en suspender el riego desde la etapa fenológica de hoja bandera hasta la madurez fisiológica. Se cuantificó: biomasa aérea de la planta (BA) a madurez fisiológica, rendimiento de grano (RG), número de granos por mazorca (NG), peso individual de grano (PIG), asincronía floral (ASI), días a madurez fisiológica (DMF), periodo de llenado de grano (PLLG) e índice de cosecha (IC). Los ciclos avanzados TS8 y CIS6 tuvieron mayor RG que las poblaciones originales (21.8 % y 18.2 % respectivamente) sin modificación de la BA, lo que resultó en un incremento en el IC. El incremento en RG fue resultado de los cambios ocurridos en el PIG en TS8 (23 %) y del NG en CIS6 (18 %). Se concluye que los ciclos avanzados de las poblaciones estudiadas presentaron cambios positivos en características agronómicas, derivados del proceso de selección.
Presence of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas Thunberg, 1793) in the Black Sea
Authors: AYDIN Mehmet , GÜL Mustafa
Published: January 2021

Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) is a highly commercial species with the highest production rate in aquaculture in the world. This species has been raised on the Crimean and Romanian Coasts since 1980s with reports of potentially breeding wild populations in those regions. However, the presence of this species on Turkish Coast of Black Sea are literally unknown. Therefore, here we investigated the occurrence, population density and the size-age structure of the wild colonies of C. gigas on Ordu Coasts. We found that C. gigas has created breeding populations on the Turkish Coasts with becoming the dominant species on some hard substrate including rocky bottoms and large rocks that were used for the fulfillment of the coastal regions to gain more land. Further, the population density was 94.58 ind./m2 with an average shell length of 3.33 + 0.724 cm. Our results here showed that C. gigas has adapted to the Turkish Coasts of Black Sea with creating breeding populations, therefore a management plan should be applied in order to reduce potential influence of this on the natural species.
O speculum de Filemácia na Mostellaria de Plauto e o jogo metateatral entre os papéis das meretrizes na comédia palliata
Authors: Rocha Carol Martins da
Published: January 2021

Este artigo trata mais centralmente da participação da meretriz Filemácia (Philematium) e de sua escrava, Escafa (Scapha), na peça Mostellaria, de Plauto (III – II a.C.), para entender o modo como a interação entre tais personagens traz à tona nuanças do tipo cômico que elas representam. As duas personagens femininas figuram em cena apenas no primeiro ato dessa comédia, num diálogo que se estende entre os versos 157 e 312. Este texto, levando em consideração, sobretudo, aspectos considerados metateatrais, procura apontar como, apesar da breve participação de tais personagens, é importante olhar com atenção para elementos da cena, em que Filemácia e Escafa conversam. Na passagem, que envolve o uso de um espelho, estão em jogo os diferentes papéis que as meretrizes costumam exercer na comédia palliata e, também, alusões a importantes aspectos cênicos do teatro antigo. As conclusões apontam para a maneira como as nuanças dos tipos cômicos afetam o entendimento do enredo como um todo e da ação das suas personagens, contribuindo para os efeitos cômicos presentes na peça.
Recepção dos clássicos em Machado de Assis
Authors: Monteiro Letícia Gabriela de Castro
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo se propõe a analisar o diálogo entre a obra de Machado de Assis e os poemas de Homero, mais especificamente os ecos das personagens Helena e Penélope detectados na construção de Capitu, do romance Dom Casmurro. (In)fidelidade, natureza ambígua e condição liminar definem as três personagens. Entretanto, Capitu, ao contrário das personagens homéricas, não pertence a um enredo que apresenta a resolução de sua liminaridade. Um dos motivos para isto, segundo o que se pretende argumentar neste artigo, é a complexa combinação das heroínas homéricas cuja memória pode ser rastreada na construção de Capitu, que revela uma mistura de elementos delas característicos, como a dissimulação e a sedução.
Glosa do Listu biskupów polskich do biskupów niemieckich z 18 listopada 1965 roku w dokumentach Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej
Authors: Łysakowski Piotr
Published: January 2021

The article refers to source materials in respect of the Polish bishops’ letter of 18th November 1965 to the German bishops, held in the archives of the National Remembrance Institute. Some of these materials are unknown to researchers. They are not significant enough to alter either our vision of the events related to the letter, or of its impact on the Polish-German relations; they may well, however, extend this knowledge to a substantial degree and complement it. These materials originate not only from the Polish special services, but also from the East German STASI.
Rola Unii Europejskiej w sporze o gazociąg północny. Komentarze w prasie polskiej i niemieckiej
Authors: Jarosz Adam
Published: January 2021

The Baltic Pipeline turned out to be a controversial undertaking from the start of its implementation. The main role in this was played by the media, which bestowed publicity on the problem and, in particular, on the apprehensions provoked by this project.A very important role in this matter was performed by the European Union. It happened thus because practically all the states involved in the controversy were members and, as such, referred to its institutions in attempting to block the project. The EU’s role also had its second layer. Throughout, the parties involved in building the pipeline emphasised the European character of the project, which was to serve all the member states.This article aims at describing the debate in the press which was held in Poland and in Germany and at presenting what was written about the role of the European Union in the dispute around the Baltic Pipeline and in what context.The main issue described in the press turned out to be the European Energy Charter, which Russia was unwilling to ratify. This document was to provide the European energy companies with access to the Russian gas market, which was regarded, both in Poland and in Germany, as one of the measures helping to improve Europe’s energy security. Another issue under consideration turned out to be the unity of the EU member countries as far as energy is concerned; something which was not easy to obtain. The Baltic Pipeline as a project was not interpreted uniformly. The Polish press perceived in the EU institutions an opportunity to torpedo it. The German media presented the pipeline as part of a European system, capable of improving the energy security for the entire continent. An idea of a common energy policy also emerged in the EU; it was not, however, faced with unity among its members. The Polish press referred to a Three Musketeers’ one for all, all for one principle, which was to be implemented by the UE’ states’ supplying raw materials from their reserve stocks in a case of the interruption of supplies to one of the members. The German media, however, were cool toward the idea. The Polish government went a step further in this debate and suggested the formation of an energy NATO, to include the US into their co-operation as well. This suggestion was not appreciated, however, among German politicians and the media. The latter promoted a concept of energy co-operation along the OSCE lines and deemed a NATO-like approach as too confrontational toward Russia.
Zapobieganie prawicowemu ekstremizmowi i jego zwalczanie na przykładzie Niemiec
Authors: Schlesinger Kinga
Published: January 2021

The article scrutinises the issue of right-wing extremism in Germany in recent years. The analysis leads to the conclusion that this problem is gathering in force in the UE while in Germany it is tending to diminish. The anti-extremism actions undertaken in Germany are so significant that they may provide a sui generis model for the other EU states and the European Commission to follow. The article describes, how right-wing extremism is prevented and countered, in particular as exemplified by Germany. Anti-extremist actions are carried out with regard to various entities and in various fields, namely, legislation, justice, administration, education, the media and NGOs. The article provides a review of anti-extremism strategies applied by the state bodies to the extreme right-wing parties, from marginalising them, in the case of Germany, to accepting them into ruling coalitions, in the case of Austria. The author’s considerations lead her to the conclusion that the main target groups in anti-extremist actions should be the youth and journalists.
Uwagi związane z projektem „W tyglu pokoleń – rok 1968 i jego wpływ na stosunki polsko-niemieckie (1968–2007)”
Authors: Holzer Jerzy
Published: January 2021

The project, which consisted of contacting twenty-four people who were asked to describe, in writing or orally, their attitudes toward the events in the FRG in 1968, has produced very modest results. Only six people responded. The conclusions from their responses, in brief, are as follows:1) the interest in, and knowledge of, the events in the RFG were very slender;2) the events in the FRG and Poland were not perceived as being related to one another, and that is how the situation remains.3) the people who had closer connections with the then ruling party reacted more or less positively to the anti-German propaganda, while the reaction among the others was rather more negative.The manner in which the responses were articulated induces the view that they were frequently determined by the opinions the respondents hold today and they need thus very cautious interpretation.
Polska edycja Dzienników Josepha Goebbelsa. Czy potrzebna?
Authors: Król Eugeniusz Cezary
Published: January 2021

In the early 1990s, it transpired that the reportedly lost or only partially preserved Diaries of Joseph Goebbels, Reich Minister of Propaganda and Public Enlightenment, had been found in one of the central archives in Russia. On the basis of that discovery, an edition of this important resource for the history of National Socialism was published in thirty-three volumes by the Institut für Zeitgeschichte (Institute of Contemporary History). The article comprises a concise description of both the figure of the Diaries' author and his opus, which encompasses his journal entries from 1923 to 1945. The regularity and profusion of the material are astounding, as is the broad panorama of the issues broached. The focus of interest for the author of the article is the usefulness of the source from the viewpoint of not only modern German history, but also international topics. Of particular importance are those portions of the Diaries which, in the subjective opinion of the article’s author, depict the road that led to the outbreak of World War II and its subsequent course, as well as the events which brought National Socialist Germany to defeat. A part of the Diaries also consists of entries relating to Poland and the Poles and is chiefly focused on the genesis of the war, the Katyn Massacre, the Warsaw Uprising and the process of the Soviet Union’s enslavement of Central-Eastern Europe and Poland as hostilities were coming to an end. A forthcoming Polish publication containing a selection of Joseph Goebbels' journal entries deemed by author of the article and, at the same time, of the Polish edition of the Diaries, to be both representative and cognitive, is announced.
Kto wygrał II wojnę światową, a kto przegrał pokój? Refleksje na kanwie 70. rocznicy zakończenia II wojny światowej
Authors: Fiszer Józef M.
Published: January 2021

This article is an attempt to answer the questions that have long been bothering historians, political scientists, sociologists and lawyers, as well as ordinary people, nationals of the former anti-Hitler coalition and members of the fascist Berlin-Rome-Tokyo coalition: namely, who really won World War II and who lost the peace that put an end to the war in Europe and the world? Who had reasons to celebrate victory, and who suffered a bitter defeat and enslavement?The main thesis of this article is the observation that, in military terms, World War II was won by the states belonging to the anti-fascist coalition, and lost by Germany, Italy, Japan and their allies. However, in political and economic terms, World War II was won by Western countries led by the United States, and lost by Central and Eastern European countries, with the Soviet Union at the forefront. In international terms, the war and peace were won primarily by the United States and the Soviet Union. These countries have become global superpowers that created a new international order, called the Yalta-Potsdam governance.
Innovative directions for the development of the Liuberetskie wastewater treatment facilities
Authors: Пономаренко А.М. , Власов Д.Ю. , Белов Н.А. , Ганин А.В. , Зинченко А.В.
Published: January 2021

Московская канализация представляет собой сложную систему инженерных сооружений, надежная и эффективная работа которых является одной из важнейших составляющих санитарного и экологического благополучия города. В целях соблюдения экологических требований законодательства Российской Федерации АО «Мосводоканал» в последние годы активно занимается реконструкцией и модернизацией городских очистных сооружений. В настоящее время развернуты работы по реализации масштабного проекта комплексной реконструкции Люберецких очистных сооружений. В рамках проекта планируется применить прогрессивные энерго- и ресурсосберегающие технологии очистки сточных вод и обработки осадка. Значительное внимание уделяется проблеме удаления запахов от очистных сооружений. В ходе реконструкции Люберецких очистных сооружений внедряются следующие современные технологии: очистка сточных вод с глубоким удалением биогенных элементов (азот и фосфор); очистка возвратных потоков от соединений азота по технологии Анаммокс и удаление соединений фосфора с получением минерального удобрения – струвита; термическое обезвреживание осадка сточных вод с получением готовой продукции и ее последующей реализацией на цементных заводах в качестве альтернативного топлива; устройство перекрытий и системы очистки вентиляционных выбросов.

The Moscow wastewater disposal system is a complex system of engineering structures; its reliable and efficient operation is one of the most important components of the sanitary and environmental well-being of the city. In order to comply with the environmental requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation, Mosvodokanal JSC has been actively involved in the reconstruction and upgrade of the municipal wastewater treatment facilities in recent years. Currently, the implementation of a large-scale project for the comprehensive reconstruction of the Liuberetskie wastewater treatment facilities has been underway. Within the framework of the project introducing advanced energy and resource-saving technologies for wastewater treatment and sludge treatment is planned. Much attention is paid to the problem of removing odors from the wastewater treatment facilities. During the reconstruction of the Liuberetskie wastewater treatment facilities the following advanced technologies are being introduced: enhanced wastewater treatment with nutrients removal (nitrogen and phosphorus); removal of nitrogen compounds from reject water using Anammox technology and removal of phosphorus compounds to obtain a mineral fertilizer – struvite; thermal decontamination of wastewater sludge with the generation of finished products and their subsequent sale at cement plants as an alternative fuel; installation of covers and systems for vent emissions purification.
Specialized complete electrical equipment for the automation of pumping stations and energy-saving technologies
Authors: Усачев А.П.
Published: January 2021

Представлена информация о продукции предприятия «Сибирь-мехатроника» – специализированном комплектном электрооборудовании для автоматизации насосных станций и энергосберегающих технологий. Оборудование предназначено для насосных станций водоснабжения, водоотведения и теплоснабжения (в том числе и для теплогенерирующих предприятий).

Information on the products of the Sibir-Mekhatronika enterprise – specialized complete electrical equipment for the automation of pumping stations and energy-saving technologies is presented. The equipment is designed for water, wastewater and heating pumping stations (including for heat producing enterprises).
Direct estimation of the energy gap between the ground state and excited state with quantum annealing
Authors: Matsuzaki Yuichiro , Hakoshima Hideaki , Sugisaki Kenji , Seki Yuya , Kawabata Shiro
Published: January 2021

In quantum chemistry, it is important to estimate an energy gap between a ground state and an excited state of molecular Hamiltonians. In previous researches, it was necessary to measure the energy of the ground state and that of the excited state separately, and the energy gap was estimated from the subtraction between them. Here, we show a novel scheme to estimate such an energy gap in a more direct manner. We use a concept of a Ramsey type measurement in the quantum annealing (QA) for such a direct estimation of the energy gap. In our scheme, the measured signal oscillates with a frequency of the energy gap. To study the performance of our scheme, we perform numerical simulations. The results show our scheme is robust against non-adiabatic transitions between the ground state and first excited state. Our scheme paves the way for the practical application of QA in quantum chemistry.
Mapping of photo-electrochemical etched Ni/GaN Schottky contacts using scanning internal photoemission microscopy—comparison between n- and p-type GaN samples
Authors: Matsuda Ryo , Horikiri Fumimasa , Narita Yoshinobu , Yoshida Takehiro , Fukuhara Noboru , Mishima Tomoyoshi , Shiojima Kenji
Published: January 2021

We present the experimental results on mapping characterization of the effects of photo-electrochemical (PEC) and inductive coupled plasma (ICP) etchings for both p-type and n-type GaN Schottky contacts by using scanning internal photoemission microscopy to clarify the current transport mechanism. The photoyield (Y) increased in the PEC etched regions by 4%–5% for the n-GaN, by 15% for the p-GaN samples. We proposed a model that the ICP etching induced donor-type damages in the vicinity of the GaN surfaces. In the ICP etched regions, Y increased by 10% for the n-GaN as well, but significantly decreased by 80% for the p-GaN samples. The PEC etching has less effect on the Schottky characteristics than the ICP etching, especially in the p-type sample.
Fine structural and photoluminescence properties of Mg2Si nanosheet bundles rooted on Si substrates
Authors: Koga Tomoya , Tamaki Ryo , Meng Xiang , Numazawa Yushin , Shimura Yosuke , Ahsan Nazmul , Okada Yoshitaka , Ishida Akihiro , Tatsuoka Hirokazu
Published: January 2021

Creating vertically aligned 2D nanostructures is a promising approach to achieving advanced electronic and optoelectronic materials. In this study, Mg2Si nanosheet bundles were synthesized by Ca atom extraction from CaSi2microwalls grown on Si substrates via thermal annealing in a MgCl2/Mg mixed vapor. The nanosheet bundle structure was modified to compound nanosheet bundles from previously reported Si nanosheet bundles. The observed Mg2Si nanosheets consist of thin Mg2Si layers, and well-defined fine-scale Mg2Si superlattice-like structures were achieved in the nanosheet bundles. In addition, the Raman scattering and photoluminescence properties were examined, and structural and electronic modifications of the nanosheet bundle compared with the bulk crystals were suggested. To obtain tailored properties and functionalities of the nanosheet bundles, structural modification of layered crystals is a useful technique.
Gaya Hidup Sehat Mahasiswa Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan di Bandung
Authors: Sitorus Neti
Published: January 2021

Gaya Hidup Sehat seharusnya dapat tercermin dengan baik pada mahasiswa kesehatan. Namun pada kenyataannya, masih belum sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. Salah satu kebiasaan mahasiswa yang tidak baik adalah makan tidak teratur dan pola tidur yang tidak baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran umum faktor-faktor yang berkaitan dengan gaya hidup sehat. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian survei deskriptif. Sample penelitian diambil dari mahasiswa program studi S1 Kesehatan dengan jumlah responden 69 orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui angket dengan alat kuesioner. Analisa data secara univariat untuk melihat distribusi frekuensi, Hasil penelitian menunjukan gaya hidup sehat yang kurang baik sebesar 57 %, dan variabel yang dominan dalam gaya hidup sehat mahasiswa adalah dosen sebagai contoh dalam melakukan gaya hidup sehat. Disarankan kepada STIK Immanuel untuk meningkatkan promosi kesehatan tentang gaya hidup sehat, khususnya mengenai kebiasaan makan teratur dan pola tidur yang baik.
Respon Time Perawat Berhubungan Dengan Tingkat Kecemasan Pasien Kategori Australian Triage Scale (ATS) 2 dan 3 di Instalasi Gawat Darurat (IGD)
Authors: Husnul Khotimah Nurintan Hayati , Yudiantono Ade Heli , Sumbara Sumbara
Published: January 2021

Kondisi kegawatdaruratan di IGD sering menimbulkan respon kecemasan pada pasien, tanda gejala somatis dan psikologis kecemasan pada pasien adalah terjadinya peningkatan skala nyeri, nadi cepat dan tekanan darah meningkat. Hal ini dapat memperburuk kondisi kesehatan pasien oleh karena itu ketepatan respon time sesuai batasan waktu triase dalam pelayanan gawat darurat memegang peranan yang sangat penting dalam mengatasi masalah pasien terutama pada kategori ATS 2 dan 3 yang mempunyai karakteristik perburukan yang cepat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi hubungan respon time perawat dengan tingkat kecemasan pasien kategori ATS 2 dan 3 di IGD. Design penelitian descriptive correlation dengan pendekatan cross sectional, sample terdiri dari 41 responden kategori ATS 2 dan 3 di IGD RSU Pindad yang didapatkan melalui tehnik accidental sampling. Pengukuran respon time menggunakan stopwatch dan lembar observasi sedangkan pengukuran tingkat kecemasan menggunakan instrument HARS. Hasil penelitian dengan analisa univariat distribusi frekuensi didapatkan 21 perawat (51%) melakukan respon time yang tepat pada pasien kategori ATS 2 dan 3 dan 16 pasien (39,02%) mengalami tingkat kecemasan sedang, sedangkan analisa bivariate berdasarkan uji statistic chi square, dengan α=0,05, didapatkan P-value 0,032 dimana P-value<α yang berarti ketepatan respon time perawat berdampak pada tingkat kecemasan pasien ATS 2 dan 3. Ketepatan Respon time perawat merupakan salah satu sumber koping selain edukasi dan pemberian informasi rencana tindakan yang dapat memicu peningkatan GABA pada sel saraf dan akan mempengaruhi gyrus parietalis sehingga akan menurunkan respon kecemasan. Saran untuk perawat dan manajemen RS untuk melakukan pelatihan kegawat daruratan dan triage sangat diperlukan sehingga pemberian respon time perawat dapat tepat sesuai dengan SPM IGD dan prioritas dalam penatalaksanaan kegawatdaruratan pada pasien kategori ATS 2 dan 3 sesuai dengan hasil penilaian triage
Efektifitas Teknik Hypnoparenting Dibandingkan dengan Teknik Distraksi: Bercerita terhadap Perubahan Skala Nyeri pada Anak Usia Sekolah yang Dilakukan Perawatan Luka di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Bandung
Authors: Yuliassyahadah Ricka
Published: January 2021

Perawatan luka merupakan tindakan keperawatan yang bertujuan untuk merawat luka agar tidak terjadi infeksi dan mempercepat proses penyembuhan luka. Tindakan perawatan luka terutama pada anak-anak akan menimbulkan respon nyeri. Metode hipnosis yaitu Hypnoparenting menjadi alternatif untuk menurunkan nyeri yang dirasakan oleh anak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis perbedaan efektifitas teknik Hypnoparenting dibandingkan dengan teknik bercerita terhadap perubahan skala nyeri pada anak usia sekolah yang dilakukan perawatan luka di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Bandung. Jenis penelitian yaitu kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian menggunakan quasi experiment dengan nonequivalent control group pre test-posttest design. Sample berjumlah 14 anak dari tiap-tiap kelompok intervensi dan kontrol. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu observasi skala nyeri menggunakan Numeric Pain Rating Scale, kuesioner, buku cerita. Analisa data menggunakan analisa univariat dan bivariat dengan uji T dependen dan Uji T Independen. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa pada kelompok Hypnoparenting dan teknik bercerita kedua nya mempunyai pengaruh terhadap perubahan skala nyeri pada anak yang dilakukan perwatan luka. Kesimpulan tidak terdapat perbedaan baik secara statistik maupun secara praktis antara teknik Hypnoparenting dengan teknik bercerita pada anak yang dilakukan perawatan luka. Saran dalam penelitian ini yaitu agar tindakan Hypnoparenting dan teknik bercerita sebagai salah satu prosedur dalam mengurangi nyeri pada anak yang dilakukan perawatan luka.
НОВЫЕ ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ КАЧЕСТВА ОБУЧЕНИЯ ЯЗЫКАМ
Authors: NORMURATOVA Valentina
Published: January 2021

Данная статья рассматривает новые возможности повышения качества обучения языкам, основанные на нововведениях дополнительного тома CEFR, изданного в 2018 году. Подготовка национальных кадров, способных осуществлять межкультурную коммуникацию и владеющих умениями медиации, является одной из приоритетных задач в системе непрерывного образования Республики Узбекистан. Эффективное обучение иностранным языкам в этом деле играет основную роль. Совершенствование методики преподавания языков должно стать целенаправленным и соответствовать современным требованиям мирового рынка труда.
Изучение зарубежного опыта и внедрение его в систему отечественного образования является важной перспективой повышения качества обучения иностранным языкам. Бесспорно, новшества в дополнительном томе CEFR от 2018 года, касающиеся расширения понятия «коммуникативная компетенция» и введение нового компонента «плюрилингвальной\плюрикультурной компетенции», а также выделение «медиации» как особого вида коммуникации должны стать неотъемлемой частью отечественной методики обучения иностранным языкам.
В данной статье дается краткий обзор основных дополнительных нововведений CEFR от 2018 года, представляется опыт зарубежных ученых и некоторые методические рекомендации по использованию инноваций в академическом процессе с учетом шкалы уровневых дескрипторов.
Power Allocation for Reliable SIC Detection of Rectangular QAM-based NOMA Systems
Authors: Al-Dweik Arafat , Iraqi Youssef
Published: January 2021

This paper considers the power allocation for non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) users to enable using the successive interference cancellation (SIC) while providing reliable error performance. The derived closed-form expressions are applicable for arbitrary number of NOMA users each of which has a square or rectangular quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellation with arbitrary order. The obtained numerical results show that power assignment process at the transmitter for the superposition process and at the receiver for the SIC process should be performed meticulously because the power difference between the weakest and strongest users can be tremendous when the number of users or the modulation orders increase. Moreover, the derived expressions can be used to reduce the computational complexity that is required to obtain the optimal power coefficients using brute force methods by significantly reducing the search space.
KINERJA COUNSTRUCTED WETLAND DALAM MENURUNKAN KANDUNGAN PHOSPAT (PO4 ) DAN AMMONIA (NH 3 ) PADA LIMBAH RUMAH SAKIT
Authors: Romadhony Ainur , Sutrisno Joko
Published: January 2021

Pengolahan limbah Rumah Sakit Jiwa Menur menggunakan Metode Lumpur Aktifmenghasilkan sludge dalam jumlah yang besar dan biaya operasional yang mahal.  Salah satualternatif yang dapat diterapkan yaitu dengan sistem Counstructed Wetland melibatkan vegetasitanaman dan biologi yang dipandang sebagai pengolahan yang murah dan efesien.Penelitian inimenggunakan metode eksperimen yaitu mengetahui pengaruh waktu tinggal yang optimum untukmenurunkan konsentrasi Ammonia (NH3) dan Phospat (PO4) dengan tanaman enceng gondok(Eichornia Crassipes Solms). Variabel yang digunakan untuk penelitian ini adalah waktu tinggal 24jam dan 10 jam dengan sistem aliran kontinyu dengan sistem hidroponik. Dari hasil penelitian iniwaktu tinggal 24 jam dapat menurunkan kandungan Ammonia sebesar 95,5 â€“ 97,3%, dankandungan Phospat sebesar 88,8 â€“ 90 %. Pada reaktor waktu tinggal 10jam dapat menurunkankandungan Ammonia sebesar 34 â€“ 60 %, dan kandungan Phospat 71 â€“ 88,5 %. Untuk itudisarankan countructed wetland yang paling optimum adalah dengan waktu tinggal 24 jam.
APLIKASI TEKNOLOGI FILTRASI UNTUK MENGHASILKAN AIR BERSIH DARI AIR HASIL OLAHAN IPAL DI RUMAH SAKIT ISLAM SURABAYA
Authors: Krismayasari Damiyana , Sugito Sugito
Published: January 2021

Peningkatan jumlah pasien dan pelayanan rumah sakit menyebabkan meningkatnyakebutuhan air bersih. Selama ini produksi oulet IPAL belum diberdayakan, oleh karena itu perludilakukan penerlitian untuk mengolah air hasil olahan IPAL menjadi air bersih denganmenggunakan teknologi filtrasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji air hasil olah IPAL setelahmelalui filter untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air bersih rumah sakit . Air olahan IPAL diambil dari airhasil olahan IPAL Rumah Sakit Islam Surabaya. Reaktor filtrasi menggunakan bahan pipa paralonPVC berdiameter 3 inchi berisi multi media pasir silika, zeolit, manganese greensand, dan karbonaktif. Parameter yang diukur adalah parameter air bersih sesuai dengan Permenkes RIno.416/Menkes/Per/IX/1990. Kinerja reaktor diukur dengan membandingkan kualitas sebelum dansesudah filtrasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan air hasil olahan IPAL di Rumah Sakit IslamSurabaya untuk parameter fisik dan kimia baik sehingga memungkinkan untuk diolah lebih lanjutmenjadi air bersih. Parameter mikrobiologi harus dilakukan pengolahan lebih lanjut karenamelebihi baku mutu air bersih. Penurunan parameter fisik air bersih pada proses filtrasidipengaruhi oleh besarnya debit. Penurunan parameter kimia pada filter yang menggunakanmedia  pasir silika, zeolit dan karbon aktif efektif menurunkan kadar ammonia sebesar 98%. Filteryang menggunakan media pasir silika, manganese greensand dan karbon aktif efektifmenurunkan sulfat sebesar 36%, nitrat sebesar 96%, besi sebesar 64% dan flourida sebesar 45%.Filter yang menggunakan media pasir silika, zeolit, manganese greensand dan karbon aktif efektifmenurunkan kadar mangan sebesar 100% dan seng sebesar 38%. Penurunan parametermikrobiologi pada filter dengan media pasir silica, zeolit, manganese greensand dan karbon aktifefektif menurunkan sebesar 96%. Tingginya angka Koliform pada penelitian jika dibandingkandengan baku ini masih perlu dilakukan pengolahan lebih lanjut sehingga bebas dari Koliformsebagai syarat dalam kualitas air bersih. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan treatment desinfeksi gunamenghilangkan Koliform. Hasil penelitian dapat bermanfaat bagi upaya penyelamatan lingkungandari pencemaran air limbah dan upaya menyelamatkan kelestarian sumber daya air, sebagaipertimbangan penelitian yang serupa, dan menjadi alternatif penghematan pemakaian air bersihdan mengurangi pemakaian air PDAM.
IDENTIFIKASI KEGIATAN PEMBENTUKAN RUANG LUAR RUKO PADA KORIDOR JALAN DI KAWASAN PERUMAHAN SAWOJAJAR KOTA MALANG
Authors: Pribadi Elong , Suning Suning
Published: January 2021

Salah  satu  kebutuhan  masyarakat  perkotaan adalah tersedianya areal ruang publik(public space)  yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh berbagai kalangan dalam setiap waktu. Kota Malang  adalah merupakan  kota terbesar kedua di Jawa Timur yang diarahkan sebagai kotapendidikan, pariwisata dan industri, yang sedang mengalami perkembangan yang cukup pesat.Mengamati pertumbuhan ruko di koridor jalan utama di kawasan perumahan Sawojajarbelakangan ini memberikan gambaran yang menarik untuk dilakukan penelitian terkait interaksikegiatan pada ruang luar ruko. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jumlah bangunan ruko, tipe ruang luar rukodan kegiatan pembentuk ruang luar ruko. Analisa dilakukan dengan metode diskriptif kualitatif danmetode analisa pemetaan perilaku (Behavioral Mapping) terhadap kegiatan pembentukan ruangluar ruko hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ada keterkaitan antar aktivitas dalam memanfaatkanruang luar ruko berdasarkan waktu dan bentuk ruang luar ruko, sehingga diketahui bahwa ruangluar ruko di Kawasan Sawojajar didominasi oleh kegiatan pedagang kaki lima, baik tipe bangunanyang bersifat komunal maupun kompleks pertokoan yang mampu mengakomodir kegiatan ruangluar ruko, serta tipe ruang luar ruko semi privat dan publik.
ARANG AKTIF AMPAS TEBU SEBAGAI MEDIA ADSORPSI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS AIR SUMUR GALI
Authors: Hayati Indah Nur , Sutrisno Joko , Asmoro Pungut , Sembodo Budi Prijo
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini tentang pemanfaatan karbon aktif ampas tebu sebagai media adsorpsi untuk menurunkan kandungan zat besi dan kesadahan pada air sumur gali. Tujuan penelitian untuk menentukan suhu karbonasi dan konsentrasi CaCO yang paling optimum untuk pembuatan karbon aktif serta mengkaji efektifitasnya dalam menurunkan kadar logam Fe dan kesadahan.

Penelitian ini terdiri atas dua tahap, tahap pertama menentukan kondisi optimum karbon aktif berdasarkan SNI 06-3730-1995 yang didasarkan pada suhu karbonasi dan konsentrasi CaCO3

tahap kedua penggunaan karbon aktif dalam penyerapan logam Fe dan kesadahan berdasarkan ketinggian media. Pengukuran kadar Fe3+ menggunakan spektrofotometer, sedangkan pengukuran

kesadahan dengan menggunakan titrimeteri EDTA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi CaCO3 5,5.10-5 M dan suhu karbonasi 3500C paling optimum untuk menghasilkan karbon aktif paling sesusai SNI 06-3730-1995. Serapan optimum pada waktu operasi 2 jam pada media karbonaktif ampas tebu dengan tinggi 60 cm dapat menurunkan Fe sebesar 88% dan kesadahan 60%.

Kata Kunci : Adsorpsi, Ampas Tebu, Besi, Karbon Aktif, Kesadahan.
RANCANG BANGUN MESIN IRAT BAMBU UNTUK PEMBUATAN JERUJI SANGKAR BURUNG DAN TUSUK SATE
Authors: Winarno Joko , Rusdiyantoro Rusdiyantoro
Published: January 2021

PembuatanÂ  jeruji sangkar burung secara manual sangat tidak efektif dan efisien karena membutuhkan waktu yang lama dan presisi yang rendah serta keseragaman ukuran tidak akurat. Metode yang digunakan saat penelitian adalah quality function development dimana metode tersebut digunakan untuk menentukan desain serta spesifikasi mesin yang sesuai dengan keinginan atau permintaan konsumen guna mendapatkan hasil yang sesuai keinginan konsumen. Teknik analisa penelitian ini menggunakan independent sampel t-test comperative dengan menggunakan aplikasi SPSS pada komputer. Metode independen sample t-test adalah metode atau prosedur yang digunakan untuk membandingkan rata-rata dua variabel dalam satu grup, artinya ini berguna untuk melakukan pengujian terhadap dua sampel yang berpasangan. Berdasarkan hasil uji independent sampel t-test comperative bahwa ad perubahan yang menonjol pada waktu penyerutan antara penyerutan secara manual dengan menggunakan mesin penyerut otomatis. Probabilitas (sig) 0,000 < 0,05 maka Ho ditolak, atau rata-rata hasil waktu dalam penyerutan bambu secara manual dengan secara otomatis berbeda signifikan. Artinya hasil waktu penyerutan secara manual lebih lama dibandingkan dengan waktu menggunakan otomatis. Dalam pengujian penyerutan bambu dengan panjang 60 cm secara manualÂ  rata-rata waktu terhitung 344.1 detik sedangkan menggunakan mesin irat bambu rata-rata waktu terhitung 233.3 detik. Mesin irat bambu ini perlu di kembangkan lagi sesuai denganperkembangan di era modern ini.
PENGARUH JENIS MEDIA FILTRASI KUALITAS AIR SUMUR GALI
Authors: Rahmawati Jenni Oni , Nurhayati Indah
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh kombinasi media filtrasi terhadap penurunan CaCO3 dan bakteri coliform pada air sumur gali. Lokasi pengambilan sampel adalah di sumur gali milik Bapak Ponirin (Jl. Kupang Gunung Jaya I/5 Surabaya). Parameter yang diuji adalah konsentrasi CaCO3 dan bakteri coliform. Reaktor filtrasi menggunakan sistem upflow terbuat dari bahan pipa PVC berdiameter 4 inchi dengan tinggi 90 cm. Filtrasi dioperasikan selama 6 hari dengan waktu pengambilan sampel setiap 2 hari sekali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa filter 1 dan 2 mampu

memenuhi baku mutu air bersih menurut Permenkes RI no.416/Menkes/Per/IX/1990 untuk parameter CaCO 3, namun untuk parameter bakteri coliform kedua filter belum memenuhi. Filter dengan kombinasi media pecahan genteng-karbon aktif dapat menurunkan CaCO3 dan bakteri coliform dengan efisiensi mencapai 90%. Filter dengan kombinasi media pecahan genteng-zeolit dapat menurunkan CaCO3 dengan efisiensi mencapai 81% dan bakteri coliform mencapai 58%. Kesimpulannya adalah kombinasi media pecahan genteng-karbon aktif menghasilkan efektifitas penurunan CaCO3 dan bakteri coliform yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan media pecahan genteng-zeolit.
PENERAPAN PRODUKSI BERSIH SEBAGAI STRATEGI PENGHEMATAN PENGGUNAAN AIR BERSIH DI PUSKESMAS PUCANG SEWU SURABAYA
Authors: Kholif Muhammad Al , Asmoro Pungut
Published: January 2021

Puskesmas Pucang Sewu merupakan puskesmas perawatan. Observasi awal yang telah dilakukan pada Puskesmas yaitu mengamati kondisi dari masing-masing unit terkait dengan penggunaan kebutuhan air bersih. Kebutuhan air bersih akan berpengaruh terhadap volume limbah yang dihasilkan. Semakin besar kebutuhan air bersihnya, maka semakin banyak limbah cair yang dihasilkan. Produksi bersih merupakan sebuah strategi pengelolaan lingkungan yang bersifat preventif atau pencegahan dan terpadu yang perlu diterapkan secara terus menerus pada proses produksi dan daur hidup produk dengan tujuan mengurangi risiko terhadap manusia dan lingkungan. Masalah dari penelitian ini adalah berapa besar efisiensi penggunaan air bersih pada unit-unit yang ada di Puskesmas Pucang Sewu. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan metode survey lapangan dengan menganalisis seluruh kebutuhan air bersih pada seluruh aktivitas di Puskesmas Pucang Sewu dan analisis sampel inlet dan outlet air limbah puskesmas. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukan bahwa jumlah kebutuhan air bersih secara keseluruhan yang ada pada Puskesmas Pucang Sewu terbilang cukup besar yaitu mencapai 4,48 m3 /hari. Hal ini jelas melampaui jumlah kebutuhan air bersih untuk sektor puskesmas yang hanya mencapai 2 m3 /hari. Kapasitas limbah cair yang dihasilkan cukup besar yaitu sebesar 3,58 m3 /hari. Parameter limbah cair yang dianalisis masih memenuhi baku mutu limbah cair yang ditetapkan oleh Gubernur Jawa Timur no 72 tahun 2013 terutama parameter BOD dan COD.