bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Poly(vinyl ester 1,2,3-triazolium)s: a new member of the poly(ionic liquid)s family
Authors: Obadia M. M. , Colliat-Dangus G. , Debuigne A. , Serghei A. , Detrembleur C. , Drockenmuller E.
Published: January 2015

A new class of poly(ionic liquid) of the poly(vinyl ester) family has been synthesized using an original and modular synthetic route.
MOFs-derived copper sulfides embedded within porous carbon octahedra for electrochemical capacitor applications
Authors: Wu Renbing , Wang Dan Ping , Kumar Vipin , Zhou Kun , Law Adrian W. K. , Lee Pooi See , Lou Jun , Chen Zhong
Published: January 2015

Porous copper sulfide–carbon composites with Cu1.96S uniformly dispersed within the well-graphitized carbon octahedra framework have been rationally fabricated by a green one-step MOFs-templated method.
Enantioselective total synthesis of (+)-methoxystemofoline and (+)-isomethoxystemofoline
Authors: Huang Pei-Qiang , Huang Su-Yu , Gao Long-Hui , Mao Zhong-Yi , Chang Zong , Wang Ai-E
Published: January 2015

We report the first enantioselective total synthesis of (+)-methoxystemofoline (2) and (+)-isomethoxystemofoline (3). Through this work, the structure of methoxystemofoline was revised as 2 with an 11E-stereochemistry, and its absolute configuration was established.
Solvation dynamics and energetics of intramolecular hydride transfer reactions in biomass conversion
Authors: Mushrif Samir H. , Varghese Jithin J. , Krishnamurthy Chethana B.
Published: January 2015

Solvent dynamics and non-equilibrium solvation alter the energetics of the hydride transfer step and thus, can significantly affect reaction kinetics.
Novel ALD-assisted growth of ZnO nanorods on graphene and its Cu2ZnSn(SxSe1−x)4 solar cell application
Authors: Jiao Kejia , Wu Xiaofeng , Duan ChunYang , Zhang Dangwen , Wang Yu , Chen Yunfa
Published: January 2015

A novel ALD-assisted growth of ZnO nanorods (NRs) on graphene is reported. The key step is the nondestructive deposition of a uniform ALD–ZnO seed layer on graphene. After obtaining graphene/ZnO(NRs) structure, its applications in CZTSSe solar cells are demonstrated.
Lithium storage in disordered graphitic materials: a semi-quantitative study of the relationship between structure disordering and capacity
Authors: Xing Tan , Ramireddy Thrinathreddy , Li Lu Hua , Gunzelmann Daniel , Zeng Hong , Qi Wen , Zhou Shaoxiong , Chen Ying
Published: January 2015

Disordered graphite can store more Li ions in a battery but acts as a supercapacitor.
Scaling properties of information-theoretic quantities in density functional reactivity theory
Authors: Rong Chunying , Lu Tian , Ayers Paul W. , Chattaraj Pratim K. , Liu Shubin
Published: January 2015

A number of strong linear correlations between information-theoretic quantities and electron populations for atoms, molecules, and atoms-in-molecules have been disclosed.
Second-sphere coordination-induced morphology transformation from phosphorescent nanowires to microcubes
Authors: Xue Fengfeng , Ma Yunsheng , Zhou Zhiguo , Qin Lijie , Lu Yang , Yang Hong , Yang Shiping
Published: January 2015

Nanowires of a pyridyl-functionalized iridium complex are transformed into microcubes as a result of hydrogen-bond-assisted second-sphere coordination between pyridyl groups and monovalent anions of 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (H2BTC−).
Switching of the photophysical properties of Bodipy-derived trans bis(tributylphosphine) Pt(ii) bisacetylide complexes with rhodamine as the acid-activatable unit
Authors: Majumdar Poulomi , Cui Xiaoneng , Xu Kejing , Zhao Jianzhang
Published: January 2015

A rhodamine moiety was used in two Bodipy-derived trans bis(tributylphosphine) Pt(ii) bisacetylide complexes for switching the photophysical properties of the complexes.
1,4-Bis(2′-pyridylethynyl)benzene as a ligand in heteronuclear gold–thallium complexes. Influence of the ancillary ligands on their optical properties
Authors: Arca Massimiliano , Donamaría Rocío , Gimeno M. Concepción , Lippolis Vito , López-de-Luzuriaga José M. , Manso Elena , Monge Miguel , Olmos M. Elena
Published: January 2015

Complexes [{Au(C6Cl5)2}Tl(L)]n(luminescent) and [{Au(C6F5)2}2Tl2(L)2]n(non-luminescent) (L = 1,4-bis(2′-pyridylethynyl)benzene) have been synthesized and their crystal structures and photophysical properties have been studied.
Bidentate NHC^pyrozolate ligands in luminescent platinum(ii) complexes
Authors: Naziruddin Abbas Raja , Galstyan Anzhela , Iordache Adriana , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Strassert Cristian A. , De Cola Luisa
Published: January 2015

The tuning of luminescence from blue to yellow was achieved with platinum complexes containing NHC^pyrozolate and functionalized-phenyl-pyridine or triazole-pyridine ligands.
Comment on “Structural characterization of dissolved organic matter: a review of current techniques for isolation and analysis” by E. C. Minor, M. M. Swenson, B. M. Mattson, and A. R. Oyler, Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts, 2014, 16, 2064
Authors: Davies Noel W. , Sandron Sara , Nesterenko Pavel N. , Paull Brett , Wilson Richard , Haddad Paul , Shellie Robert , Rojas Alfonso
Published: January 2015

This letter discusses the origins of certain components of dissolved organic matter.
Reply to the Comment on “Structural characterization of dissolved organic matter: a review of current techniques for isolation and analysis” by E. C. Minor, M. M. Swenson, B. M. Mattson, and A. R. Oyler, Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts, 2014, 16, 2064
Authors: Minor Elizabeth C. , Li Hongyu , Oyler Alan R. , Swenson Michael M. , Mattson Bruce M.
Published: January 2015

This letter discusses interpretations of DOM composition based upon FT-ICR-MS data in van Krevelen diagrams.
Utilization of softwood lignin as both crosslinker and reinforcing agent in silicone elastomers
Authors: Zhang Jianfeng , Chen Yang , Sewell Paul , Brook Michael A.
Published: January 2015

Composite foams result from one-shot integration of unmodified lignin into a silicone pre-elastomer, where it performs as both crosslinker and reinforcing agent.
Directional migration and differentiation of neural stem cells within three-dimensional microenvironments
Authors: Shamloo Amir , Heibatollahi Motahare , Mofrad Mohammad R. K.
Published: January 2015

Harnessing neural stem cells to repair neuronal damage is a promising potential treatment for neuronal diseases.
On-chip sample preparation for complete blood count from raw blood
Authors: Nguyen John , Wei Yuan , Zheng Yi , Wang Chen , Sun Yu
Published: January 2015

We present a monolithic microfluidic device capable of on-chip sample preparation for both RBC and WBC measurements from whole blood.
Cold welding: a phenomenon for spontaneous self-healing and shape genesis at the nanoscale
Authors: Wagle Durgesh V. , Baker Gary A.
Published: January 2015

Making direct and intimate connections between nanoscale objects under ambient conditions (cold welding) is a powerful approach for the bottom-up fabrication of hierarchical, multifunctional nanomaterials endowed with features superior to those arising from an individual entity.
Synthesis of Li3V2(PO4)3/C for use as the cathode material in lithium ion batteries using polyvinylidene fluoride as the source of carbon
Authors: Li Lingfang , Fan Changling , Zhang Xiang , Zeng Taotao , Zhang Weihua , Han Shaochang
Published: January 2015

The Li3V2(PO4)3/C cathode, prepared using PVDF as the source of carbon, is covered by a thin carbon film and has an excellent conductivity and electrochemical performance.
A highly efficient and reusable MCM-41-immobilized bipyridine copper(i) catalyst for the C–Se coupling of organoboronic acids with diaryl diselenides
Authors: Zhao Hong , Jiang Yuanyuan , Chen Qiurong , Cai Mingzhong
Published: January 2015

A heterogeneous copper-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of diaryl diselenides with organoboronic acids for the synthesis of diorganyl selenides has been described.
Enhanced thermal stability and lifetime of epoxy nanocomposites using covalently functionalized clay: experimental and modelling
Authors: Zabihi Omid , Khayyam Hamid , Fox Bronwyn L. , Naebe Minoo
Published: January 2015

Relationship between thermal degradation model of epoxy nanocomposites containing different types of modified nanoclay and their structural changes is explained.
Conformational properties of aromatic multi-layered and helical oligoureas and oligoguanidines
Authors: Kudo Mayumi , Tanatani Aya
Published: January 2015

Cis conformational properties of N,N′-dimethylurea and guanidine can be applied to construct foldamers with aromatic multilayers and dynamic helical conformations.
Ordered mesoporous NiO with thin pore walls and its enhanced sensing performance for formaldehyde
Authors: Lai Xiaoyong , Shen Guoxin , Xue Ping , Yan Bingqin , Wang Hong , Li Peng , Xia Weitao , Fang Junzhuo
Published: January 2015

A class of formaldehyde (HCHO) gas sensors with a high response were developed based on ordered mesoporous NiO, which were synthesized via the nanocasting route by directly using mesoporous silica as the hard template.
Complementary analysis of the hard and soft protein corona: sample preparation critically effects corona composition
Authors: Winzen S. , Schoettler S. , Baier G. , Rosenauer C. , Mailaender V. , Landfester K. , Mohr K.
Published: January 2015

A complementary analysis of the protein adsorption to nanocapsules is presented with regard to the hard and soft protein corona using methods with and without extraction from the protein medium.
Operating principles of in-plane silicon nanowires at simple step-edges
Authors: Xu Mingkun , Xue Zhaoguo , Yu Linwei , Qian Shengyi , Fan Zheng , Wang Junzhuan , Xu Jun , Shi Yi , Chen Kunji , Roca i Cabarrocas Pere
Published: January 2015

Operating principles that enable precise guided growth control of in-plane Si nanowires under various contact configurations.
Contact angle of a nanodrop on a nanorough solid surface
Authors: Berim Gersh O. , Ruckenstein Eli
Published: January 2015

The contact angle of a cylindrical nanodrop on a nanorough solid surface is calculated, for both hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces, using the density functional theory.
Facile synthesis of polymethionine oxides through polycondensation of activated urethane derivative of α-amino acid and their application to antifouling polymer against proteins and cells
Authors: Yamada Shuhei , Ikkyu Kazuhiro , Iso Kazuhiro , Goto Mitsuaki , Endo Takeshi
Published: January 2015

Polymethionine(oxide)s were readily synthesized through polycondensation with amines, accompanying the elimination of phenol and CO2and used as antifouling polymer against biological matters.
A multi-level structure bio-carbon composite with polyaniline for high performance supercapacitors
Authors: Ma Guofu , Wang Haiping , Sun Kanjun , Peng Hui , Wu Yajuan , Lei Ziqiang
Published: January 2015

The electrochemical performance of electrode materials can be enhanced by the synergistic effects of polyaniline and multi-level structured bio-carbon.
Low density solvent based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by vortex-assisted magnetic nanoparticle based solid-phase extraction and surfactant enhanced spectrofluorimetric detection for the determination of aflatoxins in pistachio nuts
Authors: Taherimaslak Zohreh , Amoli-Diva Mitra , Allahyari Mehdi , Pourghazi Kamyar , Manafi Mohammad Hanif
Published: January 2015

A novel extraction method based on DLLME followed by VA-D-SPE was developed to determine total aflatoxins in pistachio.
Structure, antimicrobial activity, albumin- and DNA-binding of manganese(ii)–sparfloxacinato complexes
Authors: Zampakou Marianthi , Balala Sofia , Perdih Franc , Kalogiannis Stavros , Turel Iztok , Psomas George
Published: January 2015

The manganese(ii)–sparfloxacinato complexes exhibit activity towards four bacteria and enhanced affinity for DNA and albumins in comparison to free sparfloxacin.
A novel ferrocene-containing aniline copolymer: its synthesis and electrochemical performance
Authors: Su Chang , Ji Lvlv , Xu Lihuan , Zhu Xiaogang , He Huihui , Lv Yaokang , Ouyang Mi , Zhang Cheng
Published: January 2015

The novel ferrocene-contained aniline based polymers were successfully synthesized, which demonstrated an improved discharge plateau at the potential range of about 3.0–4.0 V, as with the acceptable initial discharge specific capacity.
Estimation of the uncertainty of the measurement results of some trace levels elements in document paper samples using ICP-MS
Authors: Tanase Ion Gh. , Popa Dana Elena , Udriştioiu Gabriela Elena , Bunaciu Andrei A. , Aboul-Enein Hassan Y.
Published: January 2015

The GUM (bottom-up) approach was applied to estimate the measurement results uncertainty for the quantitative determination of Al, Ba, Fe, Mg, Mn, Pb, Sr, Zn from document paper samples using ICP-MS.
Cubic to amorphous transformation of Se in silica with improved ultrafast optical nonlinearity
Authors: Ann Mary K. A. , Unnikrishnan N. V. , Philip Reji
Published: January 2015

We report a cubic to amorphous transformation of selenium in silica xerogel with potential industrial application as ultrafast laser safety materials.
Use of multifunctional phosphorylated PAMAM dendrimers for dentin biomimetic remineralization and dentinal tubule occlusion
Authors: Wang Tianda , Yang Sheng , Wang Lei , Feng Hailan
Published: January 2015

Phosphorylated poly(amidoamine) dendrimers can induce biomimetic remineralization of demineralized dentin as analogs of non-collagenous proteins in the presence of polyacrylic acid, an amorphous calcium phosphate stabilizing agent.
Novel double-cathode configuration to improve the cycling stability of lithium–sulfur battery
Authors: Wu Chao , Yuan Lixua , Li Zhen , Yi Ziqi , Li Yanrong , Zeng Rui , Zhang Wei , Huang Yunhui
Published: January 2015

Unsatisfactory cycling lifespan is a key problem to hinder the practical application for next-generation lithium–sulfur battery. Here we originally report a facile method to improve the cycling stability through a novel double-cathode configuration.
Hydrophilic modification of polyvinyl chloride hollow fiber membranes by silica with a weak in situ sol–gel method
Authors: Xu Hai-Peng , Yu Yan-Hong , Lang Wan-Zhong , Yan Xi , Guo Ya-Jun
Published: January 2015

A weak in situ sol–gel method is proposed for the hydrophilic modification of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) hollow fiber membranes by silica, which is generated by the soft hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in a deionized water bath.
Storing energy in plastics: a review on conducting polymers & their role in electrochemical energy storage
Authors: Abdelhamid Muhammad E. , O'Mullane Anthony P. , Snook Graeme A.
Published: January 2015

This review article on conducting polymers discusses the background & theory behind their conductivity, the methods to nano-engineer special morphologies & recent contributions to the field of energy (e.g.supercapacitors, batteries and fuel cells).
Plasmonic-enhanced perovskite solar cells using alloy popcorn nanoparticles
Authors: Lu Zelin , Pan Xujie , Ma Yingzhuang , Li Yu , Zheng Lingling , Zhang Danfei , Xu Qi , Chen Zhijian , Wang Shufeng , Qu Bo , Liu Fang , Huang Yidong , Xiao Lixin , Gong Qihuang
Published: January 2015

This article demonstrates a significant broadband enhancement of light absorption and improvement of photon-generated-charge transfer in CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells by incorporating plasmonic Au–Ag alloy popcorn-shaped nanoparticles (NPs).
Alginate–peptide amphiphile core–shell microparticles as a targeted drug delivery system
Authors: Boekhoven Job , Zha R. Helen , Tantakitti Faifan , Zhuang Ellen , Zandi Roya , Newcomb Christina J. , Stupp Samuel I.
Published: January 2015

We describe in this work the synthesis of microparticles with a doxorubicin drug conjugated alginate core and a shell of peptide amphiphile nanofibres functionalized for targeting the folate receptor.
Hybrid tapered silicon nanowire/PEDOT:PSS solar cells
Authors: Gong Xiu , Jiang Yurong , Li Meng , Liu Hairui , Ma Heng
Published: January 2015

A tapered silicon nanowire array (TSiNWs)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) hybrid solar cell was obtained based on alkali treatment processing.
Correction: Syntheses, structures, optical properties and biological activities of bimetallic complexes
Authors: Mahato Mamata , Dey Dhritiman , Pal Souvik , Saha Sudeshna , Ghosh Abhrajyoti , Harms Klaus , Nayek Hari Pada
Published: January 2015

Correction for ‘Syntheses, structures, optical properties and biological activities of bimetallic complexes’ by Mamata Mahato et al., RSC Adv., 2014, 4, 64725–64730.
Synthesis by extrusion: continuous, large-scale preparation of MOFs using little or no solvent
Authors: Crawford Deborah , Casaban José , Haydon Robert , Giri Nicola , McNally Tony , James Stuart L.
Published: January 2015

Continuous flow mechanochemical and melt-phase synthesis at kg h−1 rates from solid reagents and either no solvent, or only minimal solvent, is reported.
Modelling of noble anaesthetic gases and high hydrostatic pressure effects in lipid bilayers
Authors: Moskovitz Yevgeny , Yang Hui
Published: January 2015

Our objective was to study molecular processes that might be responsible for inert gas narcosis and high-pressure nervous syndrome.
Standing carbon-coated molybdenum dioxide nanosheets on graphene: morphology evolution and lithium ion storage properties
Authors: Guo Lei , Wang Yong
Published: January 2015

Standing carbon-coated MoO2 nanosheets were grown on graphene and it showed excellent Li-ion storage properties.
Responsive electrolytes that inhibit electrochemical energy conversion at elevated temperatures
Authors: Kelly Jesse C. , Gupta Rishi , Roberts Mark E.
Published: January 2015

Ionic liquid-doped polymers are used as responsive electrolytes to inhibit device operation at the elevated temperatures where thermal hazards exist.
High-performance compressible supercapacitors based on functionally synergic multiscale carbon composite textiles
Authors: Dong Liubing , Xu Chengjun , Yang Qian , Fang Jie , Li Yang , Kang Feiyu
Published: January 2015

The functional synergy between body material and carbon nano-fillers leads to the outstanding electrochemical performances of composite textiles.
Novel Z-scheme visible-light-driven Ag3PO4/Ag/SiC photocatalysts with enhanced photocatalytic activity
Authors: Chen Zhihong , Bing Fan , Liu Qiong , Zhang Zhengguo , Fang Xiaoming
Published: January 2015

The excellent photocatalytic activity of Ag3PO4/Ag/SiC can be ascribed to the efficient separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs through the Z-scheme.
Highly efficient polymer solar cells based on a universal cathode interlayer composed of metallophthalocyanine derivative with good film-forming property
Authors: Jia Tao , Zhou Weilong , Chen Youchun , Han Jianxiong , Wang Lu , Li Fenghong , Wang Yue
Published: January 2015

ZnPc(OC8H17OPyCH3I)8with good adhesion to active layer has been utilized as a cathode interlayer for highly efficient polymer solar cells.
αvβ6 integrin is required for TGFβ1-mediated matrix metalloproteinase2 expression
Authors: Dutta Anindita , Li Jing , Fedele Carmine , Sayeed Aejaz , Singh Amrita , Violette Shelia M. , Manes Thomas D. , Languino Lucia R.
Published: January 2015

The present study establishes that the avβ6 integrin associates with the transforming growth factor (TGF)β receptor (TβR) and is required for the activation of the TGFβ–Smad3 signalling pathway. This causes up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 and as a result avβ6 promotes cell migration in an MMP2-dependent manner.
New Resources for Audiologists Working With Hispanic Patients: Spanish Translations and Cultural Training
Authors: Reel Leigh Ann , Hicks Candace Bourland , Ortiz Nathan , Rodriguez Amanda
Published: January 2015

Purpose

Hispanics comprise over 16% of the U.S. population (Humes, Jones, & Ramirez, 2011). Cultural and language differences may negatively affect services audiologists provide to Hispanic patients. The purpose of the current study was to assist monolingual English-speaking audiologists working with Spanish-speaking Hispanic patients by developing appropriate cultural and language instruction materials.

Method

Test descriptions and instructions for hearing and balance tests were developed in English and Spanish. A cultural training module was also created. The first draft of these resources was reviewed by nonaudiologists (bilingual and Spanish monolingual) and audiologists (bilingual and English monolingual). Videos were recorded of the Spanish test instructions read aloud.

Results

Overall, ratings from audiologists and nonaudiologists indicated the translations were easy to understand, and the wording/dialect was appropriate for the region. Audiologists generally reported the information was consistent with what they use clinically, although variability existed in specific wording used. Reviewers rated the cultural training module as easy to understand, relevant to Spanish-speaking patients, and relevant to audiologists. The materials were revised and edited based on feedback from reviewers.

Conclusions

The current study developed materials for monolingual English-speaking audiologists working with Spanish-speaking Hispanic patients. The final translations are provided as online
supplemental materials
.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6170180
Reliability and Validity of the Computerized Revised Token Test: Comparison of Reading and Listening Versions in Persons With and Without Aphasia
Authors: McNeil Malcolm R. , Pratt Sheila R. , Szuminsky Neil , Sung Jee Eun , Fossett Tepanta R. D. , Fassbinder Wiltrud , Lim Kyoung Yuel
Published: January 2015

Purpose

This study assessed the reliability and validity of intermodality associations and differences in persons with aphasia (PWA) and healthy controls (HC) on a computerized listening and 3 reading versions of the Revised Token Test (RTT; McNeil & Prescott, 1978).

Method

Thirty PWA and 30 HC completed the test versions, including a complete replication. Reading versions varied according to stimulus presentation method: (a) full-sentence presentation, (b) self-paced word-by-word full-sentence construction, and (c) self-paced word-by-word presentation with each word removed with the onset of the next word. Participants also received tests of aphasia and reading severity.

Results

The listening version produced higher overall mean scores than each of the reading versions. Differences were small and within 1 standard error of measurement of each version. Overall score test–retest reliability among versions for PWA ranged from
r
= .89 to
r
= .97. Correlations between the listening and reading versions ranged from
r
= .79 to
r
= .85. All versions correlated highly with aphasia and reading severity. Correlations were generally low for the HC due to restricted variability. Factor analysis yielded a 2-factor solution for PWA and a single-factor for HC.

Conclusions

Intermodality differences were small, and all 4 versions were reliable, concurrently valid, and sensitive to similar linguistic processing difficulties in PWA.
Performance analysis of packet errors on IEEE 802.11‐based DCF and EDCF
Authors: Shin Sungjin , Chung Jong‐Moon
Published: January 2015

The effect of packet size differences, that has not been taken into account in existing papers on the IEEE 802.11 distributed coordinated function (DCF) and 802.11e enhanced distributed coordinated function (EDCF), has been investigated, and improved throughput equations that lead to accurate performance representation in erroneous wireless channels are provided. Wi‐Fi devices that use the DCF and the EDCF reduce the risk of data packet transmission failure using request to send (RTS) and clear to send (CTS) packets by removing the hidden node problem. However, as the bit error rate (BER) increases (especially near the signal coverage edge of the other communicating device), even though RTS/CTS packets may succeed in communication, data packets may fail due to packet errors based on their larger packet sizes. This phenomenon is confirmed through actual measurements and mathematical performance analysis is carried out to accurately express the performance of 802.11‐based communications in erroneous conditions.
Development of a rapid macro-Raman spectroscopy system for nasopharyngeal cancer detection based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Lin Duo , Chen Guannan , Feng Shangyuan , Pan Jianji , Lin Juqiang , Huang Zufang , Chen Rong
Published: January 2015

This study aims to evaluate the utility of a home-made surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) system for detection of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). A Raman spectral system with a special probe and a millimeter order excitation laser spot size was developed to acquire SERS signals of blood plasma. High quality SERS spectra can be recorded from blood plasma samples belonging to 60 healthy volunteers and 96 NPC patients, and the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 95.8% and 91.7%, respectively, can be achieved for classification between normal and cancer blood groups by principal component analysis combined with linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA). This exploratory study demonstrates that SERS based on a larger laser spot together with PCA-LDA has the potential for detection of nasopharyngeal cancer, and even for further in vivo cancer detection in the future.
On spectral deformations and singular Weyl functions for one-dimensional Dirac operators
Authors: Beigl Alexander , Eckhardt Jonathan , Kostenko Aleksey , Teschl Gerald
Published: January 2015

We investigate the connection between singular Weyl–Titchmarsh–Kodaira theory and the double commutation method for one-dimensional Dirac operators. In particular, we compute the singular Weyl function of the commuted operator in terms of the data from the original operator. These results are then applied to radial Dirac operators in order to show that the singular Weyl function of such an operator belongs to a generalized Nevanlinna class Nκ0 with κ0=κ+12, where κ ∈ ℝ is the corresponding angular momentum.
Weak chimeras in minimal networks of coupled phase oscillators
Authors: Ashwin Peter , Burylko Oleksandr
Published: January 2015

We suggest a definition for a type of chimera state that appears in networks of indistinguishable phase oscillators. Defining a “weak chimera” as a type of invariant set showing partial frequency synchronization, we show that this means they cannot appear in phase oscillator networks that are either globally coupled or too small. We exhibit various networks of four, six, and ten indistinguishable oscillators, where weak chimeras exist with various dynamics and stabilities. We examine the role of Kuramoto-Sakaguchi coupling in giving degenerate (neutrally stable) families of weak chimera states in these example networks.
Influence of the electron-phonon interaction on the temperature dependence of the phonon mode frequency in the II-VI compound solid solutions
Authors: Woźny M. , Cebulski J. , Marcelli A. , Piccinini M. , Sheregii E. M.
Published: January 2015

We present an experimental investigation of the temperature dependence of the TO-phonon mode frequencies for the HgTe-based II-VI semiconductor solid solutions. In the case of the ternary Hg0.9Zn0.1Te solid solution was shown a discontinuity in the temperature dependence of the HgTe-like T0-mode and of the ZnTe-like T1-mode, similar to the Hg0.85Cd0.15Te system [Sheregii et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 045504 (2009)]. A generalization of the theoretical temperature shift of the phonon mode frequency as analytic equation is derived that includes both the anharmonic contribution and the electron-phonon e-p interaction which in this case is returnable—the electron subsystem effect on the phonon one. Data show that our equation satisfactorily describes the temperature shift of both Hg0.85Cd0.15Te and Hg0.90Zn0.10Te containing Dirac point (Eg ≡ Γ6 – Γ8 = 0) although one of the two constants describing the anharmonic shift of the HgTe-like mode should be positive what is abnormal too. In the case of the Hg0.80Cd0.20Te and Hg0.763Zn0.237Te solid solution, the role of the returnable e-p contribution is negligible but a positive temperature shift for the HgTe-like modes occurs. This result does not allow to explain the positive temperature shift of these modes merely by the contribution of the (e-p) interaction. Indeed, the relativistic contribution to the chemical bonds induces an abnormal temperature shift of the electron states in Hg-based semiconductors—the effect is expected since the Hg d spin-orbit split contribution to chemical bonds may lead to an abnormal temperature shift of the HgTe-like modes.
Comparison of carrier transport mechanism under UV/Vis illumination in an AZO photodetector and an AZO/p-Si heterojunction photodiode produced by spray pyrolysis
Authors: Shasti M. , Mortezaali A. , Dariani R. S.
Published: January 2015

In this study, Aluminum doped Zinc Oxide (AZO) layer is deposited on p-type silicon (p-Si) by spray pyrolysis method to fabricate ultraviolet-visible (UV/Vis) photodetector as Al doping process can have positive effect on the photodetector performance. Morphology, crystalline structure, and Al concentration of AZO layer are investigated by SEM, XRD, and EDX. The goal of this study is to analyze the mechanism of carrier transport by means of current-voltage characteristics under UV/Vis illumination in two cases: (a) electrodes connected to the surface of AZO layer and (b) electrodes connected to cross section of heterojunction (AZO/p-Si). Measurements indicate that the AZO/p-Si photodiode exhibits a higher photocurrent and lower photoresponse time under visible illumination with respect to AZO photodetector; while under UV illumination, the above result is inversed. Besides, the internal junction field of AZO/p-Si heterojunction plays an important role on this mechanism.
Mechanical behavior and fracture of graphene nanomeshes
Authors: Hu Lin , Wyant Spencer , Muniz Andre R. , Ramasubramaniam Ashwin , Maroudas Dimitrios
Published: January 2015

We study the mechanical behavior and fracture of graphene nanomeshes (GNMs) consisting of hexagonal lattices of unpassivated circular pores based on molecular-dynamics simulations of uniaxial tensile deformation tests. We analyze the GNMs' mechanical response as a function of their porosity for porosities up to 80%. We find that the fracture strain exhibits a minimum at a porosity ∼15%, which marks the onset of a transition in the mechanical behavior of the nanomeshes; beyond this critical porosity, the GNM ductility increases and the toughness remains practically constant with increasing porosity. The mechanism of crack initiation and propagation is characterized in both cases of mechanical response.
Deformation potentials for band-to-band tunneling in silicon and germanium from first principles
Authors: Vandenberghe William G. , Fischetti Massimo V.
Published: January 2015

The deformation potentials for phonon-assisted band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) in silicon and germanium are calculated using a plane-wave density functional theory code. Using hybrid functionals, we obtain: DTA = 4.1 × 108 eV/cm, DTO = 1.2 × 109 eV/cm, and DLO = 2.2 × 109 eV/cm for BTBT in silicon and DTA = 7.8 × 108 eV/cm and DLO = 1.3 × 109 eV/cm for BTBT in germanium. These values agree with experimentally measured values and we explain why in diodes, the TA/TO phonon-assisted BTBT dominates over LO phonon-assisted BTBT despite the larger deformation potential for the latter. We also explain why LO phonon-assisted BTBT can nevertheless dominate in many practical applications.
Magnetoresistance in p-type cadmium telluride doped with sodium
Authors: Ahmad Faisal R.
Published: January 2015

This paper gives an account of the observations that were made during experiments in which temperature dependent van der Pauw (vdP) measurements were conducted on sodium doped single crystalline CdTe. With the aid of the vdP technique, the resistivity of the sample was measured in the presence of an external transverse magnetic field. The measurements were conducted at temperatures that ranged from 24 K all the way up to 300 K. The measurements indicated that at low temperatures, the resistivity of the sample increased significantly as the magnitude of the magnetic field perpendicular to the sample was raised from 0 T to 1.5 T. It was observed that the magnetoresistance (MR) decreased with increasing temperature. At 24 K, for an applied field of 1.5 T, the maximum MR was over 30%. Furthermore, it was also observed that the MR below 75 K exhibited a more or less linear dependence on the magnetic field. At higher temperatures, the MR as a function of the applied magnetic field exhibited a quadratic dependence. The results seem to indicate that the linear MR is most likely due to inhomogeneity in the semiconductor.
Extreme and fatigue loads on wind turbines during thunderstorm downbursts: The influence of alternative turbulence models
Authors: Nguyen Hieu Huy , Manuel Lance
Published: January 2015

Downburst winds are inherently transient and non-stationary by nature. Field records have confirmed the often very rapid variation in time of both mean wind speed and wind direction during a downburst. Turbulence characteristics in a downburst are also different from those in the neutral boundary layer. Studies have indicated that turbulence power spectra during a downburst can deviate significantly from more traditional spectra used for the neutral boundary layer. Estimated power spectra from downburst records indicate additional turbulence energy in the mid-frequency range and often they do not follow the −5/3 slope in the inertial subrange. In this study, three turbulence models that can be combined with a non-turbulent downburst wind field model are presented. The influence of these three models on extreme and fatigue loads for a 5-MW wind turbine is investigated first. Then, a parametric study on the longitudinal turbulence length scale, turbulence intensity, and turbulence vertical component in downburst turbulence modeling is carried out. The influence of these various turbulence-related parameters on loads on the 5-MW wind turbine is discussed.
Fabrication of self-healing super-hydrophobic surfaces on aluminium alloy substrates
Authors: Wang Yang , Wei Liu Xiao , Zhang Hai Feng , Zhou Zhi Ping
Published: January 2015

We present a method to fabricate a super-hydrophobic surface with a self-healing ability on an aluminium alloy substrate. The coatings are obtained by combining a two-step process (first, the substrate is immersed in a solution of HCl, HF and H2O, and then in boiling water) and succeeding surface fluorination with a solution of poly(vinylidene-fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) and a fluoroalkyl silane. The morphological features and chemical composition were studied by scanning electron micrometry and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The prepared super-hydrophobic aluminium surfaces showed hierarchical structures forming pores, petals and particles with a contact angle of 161° and a sliding angle of 3°.
Design of DC-contact RF MEMS switch with temperature stability
Authors: Sun Junfeng , Li Zhiqun , Zhu Jian , Yu Yuanwei , Jiang Lili
Published: January 2015

In order to improve the temperature stability of DC-contact RF MEMS switch, a thermal buckle-beam structure is implemented. The stability of the switch pull-in voltage versus temperature is not only improved, but also the impact of stress and stress gradient on the drive voltage is suppressed. Test results show that the switch pull-in voltage is less sensitive to temperature between -20 °C and 100 °C. The variable rate of pull-in voltage to temperature is about -120 mV/°C. The RF performance of the switch is stable, and the isolation is almost independent of temperature. After being annealed at 280 °C for 12 hours, our switch samples, which are suitable for packaging, have less than 1.5% change in the rate of pull-in voltage.
N-channel field-effect mobility inversely proportional to the interface state density at the conduction band edges of SiO2/4H-SiC interfaces
Authors: Yoshioka Hironori , Senzaki Junji , Shimozato Atsushi , Tanaka Yasunori , Okumura Hajime
Published: January 2015

We investigated the effects of the interface state density (DIT) at the interfaces between SiO2 and the Si-, C-, and a-faces of 4H-SiC in n-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors that were subjected to dry/nitridation and pyrogenic/hydrotreatment processes. The interface state density over a very shallow range from the conduction band edge (0.00 eV < EC − ET) was evaluated on the basis of the subthreshold slope deterioration at low temperatures (11 K < T). The interface state density continued to increase toward EC, and DIT at EC was significantly higher than the value at the conventionally evaluated energies (EC − ET = 0.1–0.3 eV). The peak field-effect mobility at 300 K was clearly inversely proportional to DIT at 0.00 eV, regardless of the crystal faces and the oxidation/annealing processes.
Variation for apical sterility among diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid Iranian wheats under meiotic stage water-stressed and well-watered conditions
Authors: Mohammady Shahram
Published: January 2015

Genetic variation for improving water-stress tolerance has been lost during selection and modern breeding in wheat. Thus, finding genetic sources for drought tolerance is more likely in landraces and wild species than in modern varieties. The objectives of this study were to determine variations for water-stress-induced apical sterility and some related characters among Iranian landraces and wild species, and to analyse the contribution of apical sterility and related characters to grain production of the genotypes. The results showed considerable variation among wheat genotypes for water-stress-induced apical sterility and its related characters. Variations were also observed between ploidy levels for some of these characters. However, the amount of variation observed among the genotypes was not the same for all characters and in all treatments. Considerable significant pair-wise differences were also observed between genotypes for apical sterility under water-stressed conditions. In addition, regression analysis revealed that grain yield per plant is mainly dependent on ovary weight under well-watered conditions and on anther weight under water-stressed conditions.
Small-scale genetic structure in a stream-dwelling caddisfly in eastern Canada
Authors: Addison J. A. , Einfeldt A. L. , Kang N. N. , Walde S. J.
Published: January 2015

We used mitochondrial DNA (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) to examine the population genetic structure and phylogeography for 12 populations of a widely distributed predatory caddisfly (Rhyacophila minor) in small, unconnected streams along a 45-km stretch of North Mountain, Nova Scotia, Canada. We detected patterns of strong genetic subdivision (FST=0.312) with streams separated by >3.5km being significantly different whereas adjacent streams were not (no significant FST values), suggesting some, but very limited, current overland dispersal by adults. A significant phylogeographic break was found between eastern and western populations, corresponding to changes in bedrock and surficial geology. Genetic diversity within the streams was positively correlated with watershed size and the spatial variation in geology. We conclude that genetic divergence among populations of R. minor is a result of dispersal barriers and the accumulation of differences among the streams due to random genetic drift. Our study suggests that a better understanding of how dispersal interacts with landscape features at small spatial scales will improve our ability to link the movement of individuals to ecological and demographic processes.
Age and growth of sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) (Clariidae), in the Lower Okavango Delta, Botswana
Authors: Bokhutlo Thethela , Weyl Olaf L. F. , Mosepele Ketlhatlogile , Wilson G. Glenn
Published: January 2015

Managing any inland fishery requires reliable age data and accurate estimates of growth rate. Clarias gariepinus, the largest catfish species in most tropical African floodplain river systems, is an important constituent of subsistence fishery catches. We used otolith-derived age estimates to describe patterns of age and growth for C. gariepinus from the Lower Okavango Delta in northern Botswana. Edge analysis of sectioned sagittal otoliths showed that growth zone deposition occurred during the annual flood peak between July and September. The maximum recorded age was 8 years. Growth was best described by the von Bertalanffy Growth Model of the form E[L|age] = 528.70(1–e–0.72(age+1.35)). A comparison of growth parameters from this study with those from previous studies suggests two distinct populations of C. gariepinus between the Upper and Lower Okavango Delta, emphasising the importance of regional stock assessment for key fishery species. The fairly short life span and high variability in growth of C. gariepinus are important indicators that it is imperative to maintain natural habitat and flow regime for sustainable management of fishery resources in the Lower Okavango Delta.
Diversity in immature-shark communities along a tropical coastline
Authors: Yates Peter M. , Heupel Michelle R. , Tobin Andrew J. , Moore Stephen K. , Simpfendorfer Colin A.
Published: January 2015

Effective conservation and management of shark populations is complicated by our limited understanding of their spatial ecology. For example, there are scarce data on diversity in community structure and nursery function across broader geographic scales (e.g. across multiple inshore systems) and the implications of this diversity for shark populations. Accordingly, fishery-independent surveys were undertaken to investigate shark communities along ~400km of the tropical eastern coast of Australia (18.1–20.6°S, 146.0–148.8°E). A variety of shark species were encountered, with 19 species of Carcharhiniformes contributing 99.2% of the total shark catch. Of the 1806 sharks captured, 567 were immature, including 336 young-of-the-year individuals. Immature sharks from 18 species were present; however, interspecific variation in the proportions of life-history stages was apparent. Multivariate analyses identified significant spatial heterogeneity in immature-shark communities. Results also highlighted the importance of tropical coastal habitats for numerous shark species, and indicated community-wide spatial structuring of sharks on the basis of body size rather than life-history stage. In addition to building on traditional shark-nursery paradigms, these results demonstrated that data on nursery function from restricted areas may not accurately portray patterns occurring over broader geographic scales, and this diversity may provide population-level benefits for sharks.
In vivo, Argonaute-bound microRNAs exist predominantly in a reservoir of low molecular weight complexes not associated with mRNA
Authors: La Rocca Gaspare , Olejniczak Scott H. , González Alvaro J. , Briskin Daniel , Vidigal Joana A. , Spraggon Lee , DeMatteo Raymond G. , Radler Megan R. , Lindsten Tullia , Ventura Andrea , Tuschl Thomas , Leslie Christina S. , Thompson Craig B.
Published: January 2015

Significance

MicroRNAs limit gene expression by recruiting a large protein complex known as the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) to target mRNAs. While attempting to understand physiological regulation of RISC assembly, we found that most healthy adult tissues retain a reserve of microRNAs not stably associated with target mRNA. Recruitment of microRNAs to large mRNA-containing complexes was accompanied by an increase in their ability to repress targets and was regulated in part by phosphoinositide-3 kinase–RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase–mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway-dependent enhancement of the glycine-tryptophan protein of 182 kDa protein expression. Data presented here suggest that in vivo, many expressed microRNAs exist in an inactive reserve, allowing resting cells to use microRNAs to dynamically regulate the translation of target mRNAs in their environment.
‘A nation in a hurry’: the costs of local governance reforms in Rwanda
Authors: Gaynor Niamh
Published: January 2015

Almost 20 years on from the horrors of the genocide, Rwanda is drawing considerable international attention as it emerges as a leading African success story. Its strong economic performance, with growth rates averaging 8% over the last 10 years, has led some to argue that it represents a new form of African developmental state. This article draws on fieldwork conducted in 2013 to examine the political impact of the government's developmental reforms at local levels. Charting developments in local governance over the last decade, it demonstrates an increasing centralisation of deliberation and decision-making on local development in tandem with growing pressures and demands on local communities to invest – physically and financially – in centrally promoted activities and programmes. The findings, which uncover growing levels of popular disquiet and dissent with the centrally driven approach, raise questions regarding the level of embeddedness and legitimacy of the regime and therefore the sustainability of its development project, The findings also challenge the currently popular ‘good enough governance’ agenda in that they demonstrate that local governance and state–societal relations do matter, most especially when the pressures and costs for local development outcomes fall heavily on local communities.
From immersion to simulation: remote methodologies and the decline of area studies
Authors: Duffield Mark
Published: January 2015

Using Sudan as a case study, the focus of this essay is the changing nature of fieldwork in the Global South. More specifically, it concerns the methodological shifts in how the South has been approached as an object of knowledge in the contemporary period. Drawing on the author's own varying engagement with Sudan since December 1973, it was prompted by a return visit in January 2014 to what is now the small town of Maiurno, near Sennar, almost 40 years to the day of beginning his PhD fieldwork there. In doing justice to this privileged experience, it became evident that writing an account of the changes and reunions with old friends was not enough. It wouldn't justify the journey, so to speak, that they have all made. Neither would it bring out the essentially anomalous character of the return at a time when such journeys are becoming more difficult. This results from a hidden complicity between the shift toward research risk avoidance in UK universities and, in this case, the restrictive practices of the Sudanese state. The essay explores several stages in the move away from ethnographic fieldwork being an art of being in the world to a growing remoteness from the world and the compensatory emergence of remote methodologies and the simulation of digital alternatives. At the same time, it traces a shift from the politics of solidarity to the neoliberal marketisation of the sub-prime tele-economic conditions encountered in the Global South.
From a marginalised to an emerging Africa? A critical analysis
Authors: Sylla Ndongo Samba
Published: January 2015

At the end of the twentieth century, Africa was described as ‘marginalised’. Nowadays, the continent is considered as ‘emerging’. The aim of this paper is to discuss the validity of this new perception of Africa's position in the global economy. By critically re-evaluating existing empirical data, the author will attempt to show that the emergence thesis is superficial and does not take into account the current nature of economic growth in Africa and the cost it implies in terms of net income payments to the rest of the world. The reality is that Africa remains one of the world's most open, dependent and exploited regions.
Distinct functionality of dishevelled isoforms on Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 2 (CamKII) inXenopusgastrulation
Authors: Gentzel Marc , Schille Carolin , Rauschenberger Verena , Schambony Alexandra
Published: January 2015

CamKII is a novel binding partner of Arrb2/Dvl2 protein complexes and is required for convergent extension movements in Xenopus. CamKII physically and functionally interacts with Dvl2, whereas CamKII activity is antagonistically modulated by Dvl1 and Dvl3.