bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal fault‐tolerant control for Markov jump power systems with asynchronous actuator faults
Authors: Wang Aimin , Fei Minrui , Song Yang
Published: May 2023

Communication problems in the sensor‐to‐controller and controller‐to‐actuator channels can cause both the controller and actuator to run asynchronously with the original system in different operating modes. This paper investigates an optimal fault‐tolerant control approach for Markov jump power systems (MJPSs) with asynchronous controller and actuator. Firstly, an asynchronous controller is proposed to deal with incomplete information (i.e., system modes) transmission in the sensor‐to‐controller channel. Secondly, a new asynchronous actuator faults model is constructed to simultaneously represent the two partial losses, of modes information in the controller‐to‐actuator channel, and of control effectiveness (LoCE) caused by actuator faults. Under this framework, two related hidden Markov models (HMMs) are formed, which reveal that both the controller and actuator are asynchronous with the controlled system in different modes. By using Lyapunov and optimal approaches, sufficient conditions are derived to ensure that MJPSs are mean square stable with an optimal guaranteed cost. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Integrated continuous‐flow/batch protocol for ortho‐selective alkynylation of (hetero)aryl tosylates
Authors: Ju Eun‐Hae , Lee Min‐Jung , Song Jiwoo , Kwon Yong‐Ju , Kim Won‐Suk
Published: May 2023

The ortho‐selective alkynylation of polyhalo‐substituted (hetero)aryl tosylates was investigated using an integrated continuous‐flow/batch protocol. Without the elimination of the tosyloxy group, the regioselective ortho‐metalation of the (hetero)aryl tosylates employing n‐BuLi and ZnCl2 was successfully achieved in continuous‐flow chemistry within 10.92 s (residence time). The Pd‐catalyzed Negishi alkynylations of various iodoethynyl (hetero)arenes and the resulting arylzinc species proceeded at room temperature in yields ranging from 51% to 95%. Finally, the synthetic utility of this strategy was validated by the synthesis of benzofuran and pyridofuran derivatives.
Evaluation of herb–drug interactions between compound Danshen dripping pills and clopidogrel based on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in rats
Authors: Zheng Dayong , Zhang Wenjing , Hou Menghui , Li Shuming , Liu Wanhui , Zhou Shuiping , Xie Yuesheng , Chu Yang , Li Wei
Published: May 2023

Compound Danshen dripping pills (CDDP), a well‐known traditional Chinese medicine, is widely used to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases. CDDP is usually prescribed in combination with clopidogrel (CLP), but the herb–drug interactions are rarely reported. This study evaluated the effects of CDDP on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of coadministered CLP, and ensured the safety and efficacy of their usage. The trial design included a single‐dose administration and multidose test for 7 consecutive days. Wistar rats received CLP alone or CLP combined with CDDP. After the final dose, plasma samples were collected at various time points, and the active metabolite H4 of CLP was analyzed by ultrafast liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of Cmax (maximum [or peak] serum concentration), Tmax (peak plasma time), t1/2 (half‐time), AUC0–∞ (area under the concentration–time curve from dosing (time 0) to infinite time), and AUC0–t (area under the concentration–time curve from dosing [time 0] to time t) were calculated using the non‐compartment model. In addition, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, bleeding time, and adenosine diphosphate–induced platelet aggregation were evaluated for anticoagulation and antiplatelet aggregation activity. In this study, we found that CDDP had no significant effect on the metabolism of CLP in rats. In pharmacodynamic studies, the combination group showed significant synergistic antiplatelet activity compared with the CLP or CDDP groups alone. Based on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic results, CDDP and CLP have synergistic effects on antiplatelet aggregation and anticoagulation.
The psychometrics of the Persian version of the perfectionistic self‐presentation scale–junior form
Authors: Peimanpak Faezeh , Abdollahi Abbas , Hosseinian Simin
Published: May 2023

Introduction

The perfectionistic self‐presentation scale (PSPS)–junior form is a self‐report questionnaire used to measure perfectionistic self‐presentation in children and adolescents. It consists of 18 items and 3 subscales, including perfectionistic self‐promotion, non‐display of imperfection, and nondisclosure of imperfection.

Methods

The present study aimed to determine the psychometrics of the Persian version of the PSPS. A descriptive study was conducted on 345 samples (269 girls) who responded to the questionnaire.

Results

The findings confirmed the internal consistency and composite reliability (CR) of this scale (CR = 0.744). Further, the Persian PSPS has acceptable face and content validities. Construct and convergent validities were also measured and confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. The correlational analysis of the research variables showed that the PSPS is positively correlated with the Child‐Adolescent Perfectionism Scale (0.566) and the children's and adolescents’ dysfunctional attitudes scale (0.420).

Conclusion

Overall, the results indicated that the Persian version of the PSPS has acceptable psychometrics and can yield accurate results in Iranian samples.
Analysis of tourism and sustainable development in MENA economies
Authors: Osinubi Tolulope , Ajide Folorunsho , Osinubi Olufemi
Published: May 2023

The existing studies suggest that the tourism sector may fast track the achievement of sustainable development due to its ability to guarantee the renewability of natural resources and the preservation of the ecosystem. Scholars also opine that tourist activities involve transportation that utilizes fossil fuels and non‐renewable energy sources. This implies that tourism may contribute to environmental degradation and slow down the achievement of the sustainable development agenda. In this paper, we contribute to this debate by examining the dynamic relationship between tourism and sustainable development in the case of the MENA region. Employing panel vector autoregressive based on the generalized method of moments framework (GMM‐PVAR) on data spanning from 1995 to 2019, we document that there is a positive and dynamic relationship between tourism and sustainable development in the MENA region. Further analysis shows that there is a bi‐causal relationship between the two variables; implying that they have a powerful prediction content of each other. The study recommends that effort should be made to develop pertinent policies to promote ecotourism in the region.
Qatari mothers’ beliefs in child disciplinary methods and their reported use: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kamal Madeeha , Ali Samer , Dargham Soha , Mahfoud Ziyad , Lynch Margaret A. , Mian Marcellina
Published: May 2023

Violent child discipline is a widespread phenomenon that can have devastating short‐ and long‐term consequences for an individual's physical, mental and social wellbeing. Parents' beliefs and expressed ideas about child discipline, both violent and non‐violent, can differ from their practice. This study identifies which disciplinary methods Qatari mothers believe to be the most successful in changing their child's behaviour and compares them to the ones they report actually using. Using a cross‐sectional design, a representative sample of Qatari mothers completed an anonymous standardised questionnaire, the International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect Child Abuse Screening Tool for Parents. The majority (96.9 per cent) of Qatari mothers reported believing in non‐violent disciplinary methods (NVDMs) in changing their child's behaviour and those believing only in such methods are more likely to use only them compared to those mothers believing in a mixture of methods (30.9 vs. 6.7 per cent, chi‐squared value [𝜒2] = 83.5, P value <0.001). Still, 44.9 and 5.2 per cent of Qatari mothers believing in only NVDMs also used at least one moderate and one severe physical method, respectively. Much public education is needed to increase Qatari mothers' awareness in of the benefits of NVDMs, to foster a belief in their efficacy and to support using them.
Multi‐level crowd simulation using social LSTM
Authors: Yu Yingfei , Xiang Wei , Jin Xiaogang
Published: May 2023

Due to the complex and subtle behaviors of humans, realistic crowd simulation is difficult. To that end, we propose a novel crowd simulation method that can generate realistic crowd animations with behaviors similar to real crowds and model complex pedestrian behaviors at multiple levels using social long short‐term memory (LSTM) neural networks. At the high level, our multi‐level simulation model provides global group navigation while at the low level, it can simulate local individual interactions with collision avoidance. We introduce a data‐driven method using an improved social LSTM for learning local motion decisions from real pedestrian trajectories in order to capture the subtle movements of the crowd. To achieve scalability, we formulate the low‐level and high‐level motion control in a force‐based scheme. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that our method can produce realistic crowd animations in a variety of scenarios. Evaluations in various metrics show that our method produces better crowd behaviors than previous methods.
Using humor to increase COVID‐19 vaccination intention for the unvaccinated: The moderating role of trust in government
Authors: Yoon Hye Jin , Lee Jongmin , Han Jeong Yeob , Ko Youngjee , Kim Hanyoung , Seo Youngji , Seo Ja Kyung
Published: May 2023

Since COVID‐19 was declared a global pandemic, scholars and practitioners have put much effort into testing effective advertising strategies for COVID‐19 vaccinations. Guided by humor theories, this study aimed to examine (1) the effect of humor on persuading COVID‐19 vaccination and (2) the moderating role of trust in government for the unvaccinated population. Across two studies (college students and general adult populations), for lower trust in government individuals, through greater public service advertisement (PSA) processing depth and believability, there was a higher vaccination intention after the humor (non‐humor) advertisement. For higher trust in government individuals, there was evidence that the vaccination intention was lowered after the humor (vs. non‐humor) message through lowered PSA processing depth and believability. This study expands humor theory into testing COVID‐19 vaccination messages while considering an individual psychological factor, trust in the government, that has emerged as an essential determinant to COVID‐19 messaging. The contributions to COVID‐19 vaccination advertising strategy and advertising to the unvaccinated population, in general, are discussed.
Catastrophic complications of PVL‐MRSA necrotizing pneumonia presenting as respiratory failure and rhabdomyolysis, case report and review of the literature
Authors: Alawad Mouhammad J. , Zara Sabeen , Elgohari Ahmad , Ibrahim Abdulsalam Saif , Abdel Hadi Hamad
Published: May 2023

Panton‐Valentine leucocidin toxin‐producing methicillin‐resistant staphylococcus aureus is an important uncommon cause of community‐acquired pneumonia; we describe a case of necrotizing pneumonia presenting as respiratory failure necessitating early initiation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, acute kidney injury and rhabdomyolysis, awareness, prompt recognition and appropriate management are crucial due to possible significant pathology.
Pyramidal lobe‐dominant papillary thyroid carcinoma—A rare entity with important clinical implications
Authors: Messias Henrique , Sequeira Maria Luísa , Nogueira Ricardo , Zagalo Carlos , Martins Mariluz , Gomes Pedro
Published: May 2023

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) primarily located in the pyramidal lobe of the thyroid gland is extremely rare, therefore the clinical and pathological features are not well understood. The authors describe a case of PTC of the pyramidal lobe, in a 77‐year‐old woman who underwent en bloc total thyroidectomy with pyramidal lobe, hyoid bone and cervical lymph node excision. In line with the present case, current literature reports a greater presence of worse prognostic factors, namely extrathyroidal extension, advanced T stage or presence of cervical lymph node metastasis. Recently, a new classification has been suggested—Upper Neck Papillary Thyroid Cancer (UPTC)—which encompasses these carcinomas, Delphi ganglion metastases and thyroglossal duct cyst carcinomas, with potential clinical and therapeutic implications, particularly the need for orthotopic thyroidectomy. Also, the complete excision of the pyramidal lobe during thyroidectomy may influence the success of radioactive iodine therapy and the patient's follow‐up surveillance.
Papillary thyroid neoplasm: An incidental malignant nodule
Authors: Haque Mahfujul Z. , Burcescu Michael , Sajjad Zirak
Published: May 2023

Key Clinical Message

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), a common neoplasm originating from thyroid follicular cells, represents 85% of thyroid malignancy. PTC is known to metastasize to adjacent structures. Studies report that 5–15% of detected thyroid nodules represent malignancy; here, we report a 51‐year‐old woman with incidental thyroid nodules identified on the cervical spine.
Effects of Large Particles in Pipe Flow at Low and Moderate Reynolds Numbers
Authors: Revstedt Johan , Innings Fredrik , Arlov Dragana
Published: May 2023

The presence of solid particles in a Newtonian liquid flow will affect the properties of the flow. For small particles these effects are fairly well understood and models, for example for the pressure drop in particle laden pipe flows have been present for a long time. However, the behavior of liquids laden with large particles are less well understood. In the present study, large particles of spherical shape are considered. By large is here meant particles that are of the same size as the large scale length scales of the flow and larger. The effect of particles volume fraction on parameters such as pressure drop and velocity distribution in the pipe flow is investigated. The sizes of the particles are 17 % and 40 % of the pipe diameter and the volume fraction is varied between 5 % and 20 %.
Mechanistic Investigations on Bismuth Catalyzed Reduction of Ketones and Phosphine Oxides
Authors: Benny Annabel , Sharma Deepti , Ankur  , Rajeshkumar Thayalan , Maron Laurent , Venugopal Ajay
Published: May 2023

Lewis acidic bismuth compounds have found catalytic applications in the reduction of unsaturated bonds. In this work, we present the inferences from the mechanistic studies on the catalytic reduction of ketones and phosphine oxides using the organobismuth dication [NMe2C6H4Bi(L)3][Al{OC(CF3)3}4]2 in the presence of silanes as reducing agents. Experiments and computations converge to a Si−H activation pathway in the reduction process.
Electrophilic Si−H Activation by Acetonitrilo Benzo[h]quinoline Iridacycles: Influence of Electronic Effects in Catalysis
Authors: Behzadi Masoumeh , Gajendramurthy Chunchesh Malangi , Boucher Mélanie , Deraedt Christophe , Cornaton Yann , Karmazin Lydia , Gruber Nathalie , Bertani Philippe , Djukic Jean‐Pierre
Published: May 2023

The performance of six newly synthesized benzo[h]quinoline‐derived acetonitrilo pentamethylcyclopentadienyl iridium(III) tetrakis(3,5‐bis‐trifluoromethylphenyl)borate salts bearing different substituents −X (−OMe, −H, −Cl, −Br, −NO2 and −(NO2)2) on the heterochelating ligand were evaluated in the dehydro‐O‐silylation of benzyl alcohol and the monohydrosilylation of 4‐methoxybenzonitrile by Et3SiH, two reactions involving the electrophilic activation of the Si−H bond. The benchmark shows a direct dependence of the catalytic efficiency with the electronic effect of −X, which is confirmed by theoretical assessment of the intrinsic silylicities Π of hydridoiridium(III)‐silylium adducts and by the theoretical evaluation of the propensity of hydridospecies to transfer the hydrido ligand to the activated substrate. The revisited analysis of the Ir−Si−H interactions shows that the most cohesive bond in hydridoiridium(III)‐silylium adducts is the Ir−H one, while the Ir−Si is a weak donor‐acceptor dative bond. The Si…H interaction in all the cases is noncovalent in nature and dominated by electrostatics confirming the heterolytic cleavage of the hydrosilane's Si−H bond in this key catalytically relevant species.
PtII−N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes in Solvent‐Free Alkene Hydrosilylation
Authors: Maliszewski Benon P. , Bayrakdar Tahani A. C. A. , Lambert Perrine , Hamdouna Lama , Trivelli Xavier , Cavallo Luigi , Poater Albert , Beliš Marek , Lafon Olivier , Van Hecke Kristof , Ormerod Dominic , Cazin Catherine S. J. , Nahra Fady , Nolan Steven P.
Published: May 2023

Herein, we report the catalytic activity of a series of platinum(II) pre‐catalysts, bearing N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands, in the alkene hydrosilylation reaction. Their structural and electronic properties are fully investigated using X‐ray diffraction analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Next, our study presents a structure‐activity relationship within this group of pre‐catalysts and gives mechanistic insights into the catalyst activation step. An exceptional catalytic performance of one of the complexes is observed, reaching a turnover number (TON) of 970 000 and a turnover frequency (TOF) of 40 417 h−1 at 1 ppm catalyst loading. Finally, an attractive solvent‐free and open‐to‐air alkene hydrosilylation protocol, featuring efficient platinum removal (reduction of residual Pt from 582 ppm to 5.8 ppm), is disclosed.
Inversion of Diaza[5]Helicenes Through an N−N Bond Breaking Pathway
Authors: Kobayashi Toshifumi , Ishiwari Fumitaka , Fukushima Takanori , Nojima Yuki , Hasegawa Masashi , Mazaki Yasuhiro , Hanaya Kengo , Sugai Takeshi , Higashibayashi Shuhei
Published: May 2023

1,1’,10,10’‐Biphenothiazine and its S,S,S’,S’‐tetroxide are diaza[5]helicenes with N−N linkages. Kinetic experiments on racemization together with DFT calculations revealed that they undergo inversion through the N−N bond breaking pathway rather than the general conformational pathway. In these diaza[5]helicenes with this inversion mechanism, the reduction of electronic repulsion in the N−N bond by modification of S to SO2 at the outer position of the helix led to a significantly higher inversion barrier, 35.3 kcal/mol, compared to [5]helicene. 1,1’,10,10’‐Biphenothiazine S,S,S’,S’‐tetroxide was highly resistant to acid‐mediated N−N bond breaking and racemization under acidic conditions.
Warp‐Antrieb mit Sonnenmilch und Himbeeren
Authors: Endres Wiebke
Published: May 2023

„Energie „Captain, möchten Sie fossile und somit umweltschädliche Energieträger nutzen, die wir uns zumal kaum noch leisten können? Mit dieser Flaute auf der Erde fällt die Windenergie wohl aus, doch auch E‐Fuels und Wasserstoff sind als Energiequellen noch nicht ausreichend entwickelt…schieben?“ Wir nutzen einfach die einzige Energiequelle, die zumindest in unserer zeitlichen Dimension nicht versiegen wird: die Sonne.
Lower risk of depression after smoking cessation and alcohol abstinence in patients with gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy: A population‐based, nationwide cohort study
Authors: Kim Bokyung , Han Kyungdo , Chung Hyunsoo , Kim Sang Gyun , Cho Soo‐Jeong
Published: May 2023

Background

Although depression is associated with poor treatment outcomes in patients with cancer, little is known about whether lifestyle modifications could help prevent depression. The authors aimed to identify the effect of lifestyle modifications, including smoking cessation, alcohol abstinence, and starting regular physical activity, on new‐onset depression in patients with gastric cancer who underwent surgery.

Methods

By using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, patients with gastric cancer who underwent surgery between 2010 and 2017 were identified. Self‐reported lifestyle behaviors within 2 years before and after surgery were analyzed using the health examination database. Patients were classified according to changes in lifestyle behaviors, and their risk of new‐onset depression was compared.

Results

Among 18,902 patients, 2302 (12.19%) developed depression (26.00 per 1000 person‐years). Smoking cessation (hazard ratio [HR], 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66–0.91) and alcohol abstinence (HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.69–0.90) were associated with reduced risk of depression development compared with persistent smoking and persistent drinking, respectively. Starting regular physical activity was not associated with risk of depression. When lifestyle behaviors after gastrectomy were scored from 0 to 3 points (1 point each for not smoking, not drinking, and being physically active), the risk of depression tended to decrease as lifestyle scores increased from 0 points (reference) to 1 point (HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.55–0.83), 2 points (HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.50–0.76), and 3 points (HR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.45–0.68).

Conclusions

Smoking cessation and alcohol abstinence are associated with reduced risk of developing depression in patients with gastric cancer who undergo surgery.
Pregnant women may benefit from continued use of antidepressants
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: May 2023

About half of women treated for depression during pregnancy discontinue the medication when they learn they are pregnant, but this could lead to relapse postpartum.
Acetylene Reduction Assay: A Measure of Nitrogenase Activity in Plants and Bacteria
Authors: Montes‐Luz Bruna , Conrado Ana Caroline , Ellingsen Jared K. , Monteiro Rose Adele , de Souza Emanuel Maltempi , Stacey Gary
Published: May 2023

Nitrogen is one of the most abundant elements in the biosphere, but its gaseous form is not biologically available to many organisms, including plants and animals. Diazotrophic microorganisms can convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, a form that can be absorbed by plants in a process called biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). BNF is catalyzed by the enzyme nitrogenase, which not only reduces N2 to NH3, but also reduces other substrates such as acetylene. The acetylene reduction assay (ARA) can be used to measure nitrogenase activity in diazotrophic organisms, either in symbiotic associations or in their free‐living state. The technique uses gas chromatography to measure the reduction of acetylene to ethylene by nitrogenase in a simple, quick, and inexpensive manner. Here, we demonstrate how to: prepare nodulated soybean plants and culture free‐living Azospirillum brasilense for the ARA, use the gas chromatograph to detect the ethylene formed, and calculate the nitrogenase activity based on the peaks generated by the chromatograph. The methods shown here using example organisms can be easily adapted to other nodulating plants and diazotrophic bacteria. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Acetylene reduction assay in root nodules

Basic Protocol 2: Acetylene reduction assay using diazotrophic bacteria

Basic Protocol 3: Calculation of nitrogenase activity

Support Protocol 1: Production of acetylene from calcium carbide

Support Protocol 2: Calibration of the gas chromatograph

Support Protocol 3: Total protein quantification
A multisite comparison using electronic health records and natural language processing to identify the association between suicidality and hospital readmission amongst patients with eating disorders
Authors: Cliffe Charlotte , Cusick Marika , Vellupillai Sumithra , Shear Matthew , Downs Johnny , Epstein Sophie , Pathak Jyotishman , Dutta Rina
Published: May 2023

Objectives

To describe and compare the association between suicidality and subsequent readmission for patients hospitalized for eating disorder treatment, within 2 years of discharge, at two large academic medical centers in two different countries.

Methods

Over an 8‐year study window from January 2009 to March 2017, we identified all inpatient eating disorder admissions at Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA (WCM) and South London and Maudsley Foundation NHS Trust, London, UK (SLaM). To establish each patient's—suicidality profile, we applied two natural language processing (NLP) algorithms, independently developed at the two institutions, and detected suicidality in clinical notes documented in the first week of admission. We calculated the odds ratios (OR) for any subsequent readmission within 2 years postdischarge and determined whether this was to another eating disorder unit, other psychiatric unit, a general medical hospital admission or emergency room attendance.

Results

We identified 1126 and 420 eating disorder inpatient admissions at WCM and SLaM, respectively. In the WCM cohort, evidence of above average suicidality during the first week of admission was significantly associated with an increased risk of noneating disorder‐related psychiatric readmission (OR 3.48 95% CI = 2.03–5.99, p‐value < .001), but a similar pattern was not observed in the SLaM cohort (OR 1.34, 95% CI = 0.75–2.37, p = .32), there was no significant increase in risk of admission. In both cohorts, personality disorder increased the risk of any psychiatric readmission within 2 years.

Discussion

Patterns of increased risk of psychiatric readmission from above average suicidality detected via NLP during inpatient eating disorder admissions differed in our two patient cohorts. However, comorbid diagnoses such as personality disorder increased the risk of any psychiatric readmission across both cohorts.

Public Significance

Suicidality amongst is eating disorders is an extremely common presentation and it is important we further our understanding of identifying those most at risk. This research also provides a novel study design, comparing two NLP algorithms on electronic health record data based in the United States and United Kingdom on eating disorder inpatients. Studies researching both UK and US mental health patients are sparse therefore this study provides novel data.
Supervised versus unsupervised approaches to classification of accelerometry data
Authors: Sur Maitreyi , Hall Jonathan C. , Brandt Joseph , Astell Molly , Poessel Sharon A. , Katzner Todd E.
Published: May 2023

Sophisticated animal‐borne sensor systems are increasingly providing novel insight into how animals behave and move. Despite their widespread use in ecology, the diversity and expanding quality and quantity of data they produce have created a need for robust analytical methods for biological interpretation. Machine learning tools are often used to meet this need. However, their relative effectiveness is not well known and, in the case of unsupervised tools, given that they do not use validation data, their accuracy can be difficult to assess. We evaluated the effectiveness of supervised (n = 6), semi‐supervised (n = 1), and unsupervised (n = 2) approaches to analyzing accelerometry data collected from critically endangered California condors (Gymnogyps californianus). Unsupervised K‐means and EM (expectation–maximization) clustering approaches performed poorly, with adequate classification accuracies of <0.8 but very low values for kappa statistics (range: −0.02 to 0.06). The semi‐supervised nearest mean classifier was moderately effective at classification, with an overall classification accuracy of 0.61 but effective classification only of two of the four behavioral classes. Supervised random forest (RF) and k‐nearest neighbor (kNN) machine learning models were most effective at classification across all behavior types, with overall accuracies >0.81. Kappa statistics were also highest for RF and kNN, in most cases substantially greater than for other modeling approaches. Unsupervised modeling, which is commonly used for the classification of a priori‐defined behaviors in telemetry data, can provide useful information but likely is instead better suited to post hoc definition of generalized behavioral states. This work also shows the potential for substantial variation in classification accuracy among different machine learning approaches and among different metrics of accuracy. As such, when analyzing biotelemetry data, best practices appear to call for the evaluation of several machine learning techniques and several measures of accuracy for each dataset under consideration.
Multi‐marker DNA metabarcoding reveals spatial and sexual variation in the diet of a scarce woodland bird
Authors: Stenhouse Ewan H. , Bellamy Paul , Kirby Will , Vaughan Ian P. , Drake Lorna E. , Marchbank Angela , Workman Trudy , Symondson William O. C. , Orozco‐terWengel Pablo
Published: May 2023

Avian diet can be affected by site‐specific variables, such as habitat, as well as intrinsic factors such as sex. This can lead to dietary niche separation, which reduces competition between individuals, as well as impacting how well avian species can adapt to environmental variation. Estimating dietary niche separation is challenging, due largely to difficulties in accurately identifying food taxa consumed. Consequently, there is limited knowledge of the diets of woodland bird species, many of which are undergoing serious population declines. Here, we show the effectiveness of multi‐marker fecal metabarcoding to provide in‐depth dietary analysis of a declining passerine in the UK, the Hawfinch (Coccothraustes coccothraustes). We collected fecal samples from (n = 262) UK Hawfinches prior to, and during, the breeding seasons in 2016–2019. We detected 49 and 90 plant and invertebrate taxa, respectively. We found Hawfinch diet varied spatially, as well as between sexes, indicating broad dietary plasticity and the ability of Hawfinches to utilize multiple resources within their foraging environments.
The interplay between terrestrial organic matter and benthic macrofauna: Framework, synthesis, and perspectives
Authors: Pardo J. C. F. , Poste A. E. , Frigstad H. , Quintana C. O. , Trannum H. C.
Published: May 2023

Ecosystems are shaped by physical, chemical, and biological drivers, which affect the quality and quantity of basal energy sources, with impacts that cascade to higher trophic levels. In coastal, shelf, and marine habitats, terrestrial‐derived organic matter (ter‐OM) can be a key driver of ecosystem structure and function. Climate change is expected to alter land–ocean connectivity in many regions, with a broad range of potential consequences for impacted ecosystems, particularly in the coastal zone. The benthic compartment is an important link between the large organic carbon pools stored on land and the marine environment. At the same time, the macrofauna plays a key role in the processing, biological uptake, and fate of ter‐OM in the aquatic environment, with implications for coastal ecosystem functioning, benthic–pelagic coupling, carbon burial, and biogeochemical cycles. However, information about relationships between land–ocean connectivity (including ter‐OM loads) and coastal benthic community responses remains spread across disciplines, and a broad perspective on the potential impacts of a changing climate is still missing. Here, we explore the interplay between benthic macrofaunal communities and ter‐OM through a paired narrative and research weaving analysis, which combines systematic mapping and bibliometric analysis. The review describes the past development and status of the research field as well as the lack of information in some geographical regions and habitats worldwide. We highlight the role of macrofauna in carbon cycling and the growing evidence that ter‐OM plays a key role in the structure and function of benthic communities, not strictly limited to estuarine habitats. Climate change poses challenges for the prediction of future ter‐OM fluxes and potential macrofauna responses to this additional stressor, thus requiring new methodological approaches (e.g., multimarker approaches for OM characterization) and long‐term monitoring programs across different habitats and spatiotemporal scales.
Ubiquitination network in the type I IFN‐induced antiviral signaling pathway
Authors: Zhao Qian , Zhang Renxia , Qiao Caixia , Miao Ying , Yuan Yukang , Zheng Hui
Published: May 2023

Type I IFN (IFN‐I) is the body's first line of defense against pathogen infection. IFN‐I can induce cellular antiviral responses and therefore plays a key role in driving antiviral innate and adaptive immunity. Canonical IFN‐I signaling activates the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway, which induces the expression of IFN‐stimulated genes and eventually establishes a complex antiviral state in the cells. Ubiquitin is a ubiquitous cellular molecule for protein modifications, and the ubiquitination modifications of protein have been recognized as one of the key modifications that regulate protein levels and/or signaling activation. Despite great advances in understanding the ubiquitination regulation of many signaling pathways, the mechanisms by which protein ubiquitination regulates IFN‐I‐induced antiviral signaling have not been explored until very recently. This review details the current understanding of the regulatory network of ubiquitination that critically controls the IFN‐I‐induced antiviral signaling pathway from three main levels, including IFN‐I receptors, IFN‐I‐induced cascade signals, and effector IFN‐stimulated genes.
Online deployment of an O‐PLS model for dielectric spectroscopy‐based inline monitoring of viable cell concentrations in Chinese hamster ovary cell perfusion cultivations
Authors: Lemke Johannes , Söldner Robert , Austerjost Jonas
Published: May 2023

Viable cell concentration (VCC) is an essential parameter that is required to support the efficient cultivation of mammalian cells. Although commonly determined using at‐line or off‐line analytics, in‐line capacitance measurements represent a suitable alternative method for the determination of VCC. In addition, these latter efforts are complimentary with the Food and Drug Administration's initiative for process analytical technologies (PATs). However, current applications for online determination of the VCC often rely on single frequency measurements and corresponding linear regression models. It has been reported that this may be insufficient for application at all stages of a mammalian cell culture processes due to changes in multiple cell parameters over time. Alternatively, dielectric spectroscopy, measuring capacitance at multiple frequencies, in combination with multivariate mathematical models, has proven to be more robust. However, this has only been applied for retrospective data analysis. Here, we present the implementation of an O‐PLS model for the online processing of multifrequency capacitance signals and the on‐the‐fly integration of the models’ VCC results into a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system commonly used for cultivation observation and control. This system was evaluated using a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell perfusion process.
Faecal calprotectin: Marker of intestinal inflammatory process in anorexia nervosa? A preliminary study
Authors: Moubayed Dina , Piché‐Renaud Pierre‐Philippe , Provost Camille , Faure Christophe , Taddeo Danielle , Jamoulle Olivier , Frappier Jean‐Yves , Stheneur Chantal
Published: May 2023

Purpose

Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a serious and potentially lethal mental disorder characterised by a deliberate quest to reduce one's weight. It can have multiple physical and psychological consequences. The clinical presentation of AN can include gastrointestinal symptoms, however, the pathophysiology of these symptoms in the context of AN remains uncertain. It is hypothesised that patients with AN may have an increase in intestinal permeability, which could lead to an increase in faecal calprotectin (fCP), a marker of intestinal inflammation. No relation between AN and elevation of fCP has been previously described in literature.

Methods

Eight patients hospitalised for AN have a dosage of fCP.

Results

Calprotectine was found to be elevated in 50% of cases, with or without any underlying comorbid gastrointestinal disease. Only the duration of illness tended to be associated with the increase in fCP suggesting a greater alteration as a function related to the time of denutrition.

Conclusion

Although these findings provide insights in the potential pathophysiology of gastrointestinal symptoms in AN, further studies that evaluate the factors associated with elevated fCP in patients with AN are needed.
Guidance for parameterizing post‐fire hydrologic models with in situ infiltration measurements
Authors: Liu Tao , McGuire Luke A. , Youberg Ann M. , Gorr Alexander N. , Rengers Francis K.
Published: May 2023

Wildfire can alter soil‐hydraulic properties, often resulting in an increased prevalence of infiltration‐excess overland flow and greater potential for debris‐flow hazards. Mini disk tension infiltrometers (MDIs) can be used to estimate soil hydraulic properties, such as field‐saturated hydraulic conductivity (Kfs) and wetting front potential (Hf), and their spatial variability following wildfire. However, the small (point‐scale) footprint of MDI measurements makes it challenging to use these data to parameterize hydrologic models at the hillslope and watershed scales where hydrologic hazards, such as debris flows, initiate. Here, we designed numerical experiments to estimate spatially constant or watershed‐scale effective hydrologic parameters (EHPs) that approximate the response of spatially variable hydrologic parameters with distributions derived from MDI measurements at five sites in the southwestern United States. We found that it is possible to define EHPs for both Kfs and Hf based on the MDI measurements that lead to reasonable approximations of run‐off hydrographs at the outlets of small watersheds (<1 km2). We found that watershed EHPs are functions of rainfall characteristics, although they are most sensitive to rainfall intensity and relatively less sensitive to the temporal distribution of rainfall. EHPs are lower than the arithmetic mean of the MDI measurements and are better approximated by the median or geometric mean of the MDI measurements, particularly for storms with recurrence intervals of approximately 1 year or less that commonly initiate post‐fire debris flows. This work demonstrated that using the proposed upscaling method to estimate watershed‐scale EHPs, as opposed to approximating EHPs based on the arithmetic mean of the MDI measurements, improved the ability of a hydrologic model to identify storms that are likely to produce debris flows. Results improved our ability to link point‐scale MDI measurements and watershed‐scale EHPs in post‐fire settings and helped guide our ability to use MDI data to parameterize post‐fire hydrologic models.
Differential contribution of between and within‐brain coupling to movement synchronization
Authors: Marton‐Alper Inbar Z. , Markus Andrey , Nevat Michael , Bennet Rotem , Shamay‐Tsoory Simone G.
Published: May 2023

A fundamental characteristic of the human brain that supports behavior is its capacity to create connections between brain regions. A promising approach holds that during social behavior, brain regions not only create connections with other brain regions within a brain, but also coordinate their activity with other brain regions of an interaction partner. Here we ask whether between‐brain and within‐brain coupling contribute differentially to movement synchronization. We focused on coupling between the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), a brain region associated with the observation‐execution system, and the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), a region associated with error‐monitoring and prediction. Participants, randomly divided into dyads, were simultaneously scanned with functional near infra‐red spectroscopy (fNIRS) while performing an open‐ended 3D hand movement task consisting of three conditions: back‐to‐back movement, free movement, or intentional synchronization. Results show that behavioral synchrony was higher in the intentional synchrony compared with the back‐to‐back and free movement conditions. Between‐brain coupling in the IFG and dmPFC was evident in the free movement and intentional synchrony conditions but not in the back‐to‐back condition. Importantly, between‐brain coupling was found to positively predict intentional synchrony, while within‐brain coupling was found to predict synchronization during free movement. These results indicate that during intentional synchronization, brain organization changes such that between‐brain networks, but not within‐brain connections, contribute to successful communication, pointing to shift from a within‐brain feedback loop to a two‐brains feedback loop.
Modified NEOMOD score as a neonatal mortality prediction tool in a medium‐income country: A validation diagnostic test study
Authors: Torres‐Canchala Laura , Molina Karen , Barco Mayra , Soto Laura , Ballesteros Adriana , García Alberto F.
Published: May 2023

Background and Aims

Multiple organ dysfunction (MOD) is a potentially reversible physiological disorder that involves two or more systems. Modified NEOMOD (Neonatal Multiple Organ Dysfunction score) scale could be a useful instrument to measure MOD and predict mortality. Our aim was to validate modified NEOMOD in patients from a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a middle‐income country.

Methods

Diagnostic test study. Preterm newborns admitted NICU were included. Daily values were collected from birthday to Day 14. MOD was defined as at least one point in two or more systems. The lowest score is 0 and the maximum is 16. The outcome variable was mortality. Secondary outcomes were bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), late‐onset neonatal sepsis (LONS), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and length of hospital stay. Area under the curve (AUC) and Hosmer–Lemeshow test were calculated to evaluate scale discrimination and calibration. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between daily modified NEOMOD score and death.

Results

We included 273 patients who met the inclusion criteria. MOD incidence was 74.4%. The median gestational age in patients with MOD was 30 (interquartile range [IQR]: 27–33) and in patients without MOD it was 32 (IQR: 31–33) (p < 0.001). There were 40 deaths (14.6%), 38 (18.7%) from the MOD group and 2 (2.9%) from non‐MOD group. On accumulated Day 7, AUC was 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.83–0.95). Modified NEOMOD had good calibration (X2 = 2.94, p = 0.982). DBP (12.8% vs. 2.9%, p = 0.001), ROP (3.9% vs. 0%, p = 0.090), IVH (33% vs. 12.9%, p < 0.001), and LONS (36.5% vs. 8.6%, p < 0.001) frequency was higher in the MOD group than non‐MOD group. Length of hospital stay also was higher in MOD group (median 21 days [IQR 7–44] vs. median 5 days [IQR 4–9], p = 0.004).

Conclusion

Modified NEOMOD scale presents good discrimination and calibration for death in preterm children. This scale could help in clinical decision‐making in real‐time.
Investigation of the effect of Low‐Level Laser Therapy on arm lymphedema in breast cancer patients: A noninvasive treatment for an intractable morbidity
Authors: Farhan Farshid , Samei Mahmood , Abdshah Alireza , Kazemian Ali , Shahriarian Shahriar , Amouzegar‐Hashemi Farnaz , Farzin Mostafa , Ghalehtaki Reza , Jafari Fatemeh , Cuccia Francesco
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This article aims to study the effect of Low‐Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) on arm lymphedema in patients who have breast cancer.

Methods and Materials

Twenty‐three patients were selected in a nonrandomized phase‐2 clinical trial. After measuring the circumference of the affected and unaffected limbs at 6‐points, the volume of the limbs, the degree of mental symptoms on visual analog scale by the patient upon entering the study, and performing an ultrasound on the patient's axilla to locate the fibrotic areas, a low‐level laser device at a therapeutic dose of 2 J/cm2 was used to treat the patients three times a week for 4 weeks, and after an 8‐week gap, for another similar period. Measurement of circumference and volume of affected and unaffected limbs and mental symptoms were carried out at the end of the 4th week, the beginning of the 12th week, and the end of the 16th week, and the obtained results were compared with those before the treatment.

Results

We noted that the average reductions in the circumference and volume of the affected limb, as compared with the unaffected limb, were about 16% and 21.7%, respectively, and improvement in the patient's mental symptoms was about 32%. Another notable observation was the great enthusiasm of most patients to continue their treatment, particularly from the second cycle onward.

Conclusions

LLLT can, at least in association with current standard methods, be used for arm lymphedema to introduce further reductions in pain and volume.
Prevalence of alexithymia among medical students in Nepal: A cross‐sectional study based on a self‐administered questionnaire
Authors: Karki Sagun , Shrestha Oshan , Thapa Niranjan , Gupta Satish , Chaudhary Amit , Yadav Abijeet , Manandhar Pradeep
Published: May 2023

Background and Aims

Alexithymia is a state in which one cannot comprehend and put their emotions or feelings into words. It is a disturbance that is common among general population as well as people with mental health disorders. Medical students are at higher risk of developing alexithymia due to the extensive nature of their course and clinical postings. The presence of alexithymia is negatively correlated with the self‐efficacy of the students eventually affecting self‐care and patient care in the future. The aim of this study is to find the prevalence of alexithymia among medical students in Nepal and know its associated factors.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study used convenient sampling for selecting responders and the TAS‐20 tool for data collection. Data were analyzed by using SPSS 20. Frequency was calculated for all the variables. Prevalence with 95% confidence interval [CI] is reported and the χ2 test is used to see the difference in alexithymia status among different categories of dichotomous independent variables.

Results

Out of 386 students, 380 of them responded. The ratio of male and female was 1.8 with the mean age of 22.22 ± 1.77 years. The prevalence of alexithymia was found to be 22.89% (95% CI, 18.9−27.1). There was no statistically significant difference between the presence and absence of alexithymia among categories of sex, year of study, staying at hostel, involvement in extracurricular activities, involvement in daily exercise/yoga/outdoor sports, and smoking habit.

Conclusion

The prevalence of alexithymia in our study was 22.89% with no association with known factors.