bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Catalytic Combustion of Hydrogen inside Micro Tube
Authors: Chen Jun Jie , Wang Qian , Pan Jian Feng , He Zhi Xia
Published: September 2011

Catalytic combustion of hydrogen/air mixture inside micro-tube was numerically investigated with detailed gas phase and surface catalytic chemical reaction mechanisms. Combustion characteristics for different reaction models, the influence of wall thermal conductivity, and inlet velocity on surface catalytic combustion reaction were discussed. The Computational results indicate that the surface catalytic combustion restrains the gas phase combustion. The higher wall temperature gradient for low wall thermal conductivity will promote the gas phase combustion shift upstream and will result in a higher temperature distribution. The micro-tube can be divided into two regions. The upstream region is dominated by the surface catalytic reaction and the downstream region is dominated by the gas phase combustion. With increasing inlet velocity, the region dominated by surface catalytic reactions expanded downstream and finally occupied the whole tube. Some theoretical evidences are provided for the application of catalytic combustion to Micro-electromechanical System (MEMS) and the extension of the combustion limits.
Control of Automobile's Automatic Parking
Authors: Mei Hong
Published: September 2011

An automatic parking controller is proposed. Fuzzy control is taken to simulate the action of experienced driver as an alternative to conventional methods. The angle between the midline of the car and ideal path and the distance between the midpoint of the car and the ideal path are taken as the inputs of the fuzzy controller. The angle of the steering wheel is taken as the output of the fuzzy controller. A set of fuzzy logic rules are build for reasoning. With sensors installed in the car to replace people’s eyes and computer to replace people’s brain, the automatic parking system is more precise and quicker than human’s parking. At last, simulation is made and proved the validity of the proposed method.
Efficiency Improvement of Solar Cell with ZnO Nanotip Array Prepared by Aqueous Solution Deposition
Authors: Lee Ming Kwei , Cheng Nai Roug , Fan Cho Han , Yen Chih Feng
Published: September 2011

ZnO nanotips were synthesized on a sputtered ZnO buffer layer/ITO/glass by aqueous solution deposition with precursors of zinc nitrate and ammonia. Growth direction of ZnO nanotips can be controlled by the thickness of sputtered ZnO buffer layer. The average height of 13 μm was obtained at 70 °C for 24 hr and the diameter of ZnO nanotips was ranged from 60 nm to 100 nm.
Effect of the Chloride Content on the Rust Layers of 09CuPCrNi
Authors: Wang Zhi Fen , Wu Li Xin , Sun Yi Qiang , Han Rong Dong , Yao Zhong Hai
Published: September 2011

The accelerated wet-dry cyclic corrosion tests at different chloride content have been carried out on 09CuPCrNi. The morphology and composition of the rust products have been investigated. The rust layers were composed of the dense inner layer and the loose outer layer. The rust layers were mainly composed of magnetite (Fe3O4) and maghemite (γ-Fe2O3). The rust phase of -Fe2O3 was detected in higher amounts in the rust layers of 1% wt NaCl which resulted in the rust layers much denser. The alloying elements of copper, chromium and phosphorus enriched in the rust layers are helpful to the formation of γ-Fe2O3. The protective denser rust layers play an important role in corrosion resistance of the steel.
Ant Colony Algorithm: A New Method Choosing Torsion Bar Diameter
Authors: Rao Pin Yang
Published: September 2011

The torsion bar is one of the major parts of converter tilting mechanism and is widely used for light weight, large energy stored in unit mass, simple structure, convenient arrangement without maintenance demand, etc. Results not only show the Ant Colony Algorithm is feasible and provides a new method choosing torsion bar diameter but also is satisfied.Based on maximum deformation energy and not exceeding the allowable stress values of a torsion-bar spring, the thesis builds the optimization model for the self-balancing torsion bar.
Grey Equal Weight Cluster Analysis of Flue-Cured Tobacco Based on Chemical Compositions
Authors: Feng Guang Lin , Li Li , Li Dong Liang , Li Ning , Dai Ya
Published: September 2011

Grey optimum analysis and grey equal weight cluster analysis were used to compare the chemical compositions and quality of flue-cured tobacco leaf samples from southwest China. Results showed that the sugar–protein ratio, sugar–nicotine ratio, total amount of ether extract, total alkaloid content, pH, protein content, and potassium–chloride ratio were the chemical composition indices most closely related to the sensory quality. These were used to evaluate and compare the tobacco leaf quality by grey equal weight cluster analysis. Based on the grey equal weight cluster analysis, the 30 samples of flue-cure tobacco from southwest China were divided into two grey categories. The grey categories were verified by using them to selecting similar and different substitutes for a target tobacco in a mixed tobacco formula. The new formula with the similar substitute produced comparable sensory quality results to the original formula, and formula containing the different substitute had dissimilar sensory qualities to the original formula. These results confirm that the joint application of grey optimum analysis and grey equal weight clustering has a high degree of confidence for comparison of tobacco leaf quality.
Effect of Chemical Pretreatment on Cotton Stalk SCMP Bleaching Properties
Authors: Wang Xiang Qiang , Pang Zhi Qiang , Chen Jia Chuan , Yang Gui Hua
Published: September 2011

Effect of chlorine, potassium permanganate and peracetic acid pretreatment on H2O2 bleaching properties of cotton stalk SCMP was studied in the paper. The results showed that brightness gradually increased with dosage of chlorine, however, the increase is small, and bursting index and breaking length firstly increased and then decreased as dosage of chlorine is great than 1.5%. Brightness of H2O2 bleached pulp decreased for potassium permanganate pretreatment, even change the bleaching sequence. Brightness of PaPP bleaching is the highest with peracetic acid pretreatment. Among the studied reagents, chlorine and peracetic acid can increase brightness of H2O2 bleaching, however, pretreatment with potassium permanganate can not improve bleaching properties. The brightness with CH3COOOH pretreatment is higher than that of chlorine pretreatment.
Thermal Elastoplastic Behavior of Dispersion Nuclear Fuel Elements
Authors: Jiang Xin , Liu Xiao Hang
Published: September 2011

A representative volume element is chosen to act as the research object to analyze the thermal elastoplastic behavior of the dispersion fuel elements. The large strain elastoplastic analysis is carried out for the mechanicalbehaviors using FEM. The results indicate that with the volume fraction of the fuel particles increasing, the Mises stress and the equivalent plastic strain in the matrix increases, and the first principal stress and the equivalent plastic strain in the cladding increases markedly.
A Micro-Resistance Measurement Based Design Approach of Digital Micro-Ohmmeter
Authors: Deng Jiang Hai , Yan Wen Jun , Yang Qiang
Published: September 2011

This paper presents a novel design solution of digital micro-ohmmeter based on the micro-resistance measurements. Through the system analysis, two key factors which have impacts on the measurement accuracy are identified: constant-current source circuit and A/D converter. Therefore, we suggest a design approach to improve the common constant-current source circuit to obtain enhanced system linearity, stability, precision and robustness and use high resolution A/D converter to ensure converting accurately. The proposed design approach is assessed and demonstrates that the load disturbance can be limited to 0.05%, and the measurement precision could reach 0.2% ranging from 20mΩ to 20Ω and 1.0% below 20mΩ.
Material Examination of a Broken Bolt
Authors: Zang Qi Shan , Yao Ge , Su Hui He
Published: September 2011

The material composition and properties of a broken bolt were examined，and failure analysis was also made for the bolt after careful examination.
Theoretical and Experimental Research on Perforation Remnant Energy
Authors: Li Cheng Bing , Xiong Jin , Ma Ming Yong
Published: September 2011

During the perforating and testing combination, the tubing, packer and casing are strongly impacted by shock-wave generated from oil perforators would be damaged. The energy conversion and energy equivalent theories and the underwater explosion energy method are applied to investigate the perforation remnant energy. The theoretical analysis results indicate that the explosion remnant energy of the perforators is the main energy source causing damage of the tubing, packer and casing and the explosion process of the perforators with guns in the oil well can be simplified to the explosion of ordinary explosive charges in the perforation liquid. TNT equivalent and HMX equivalent of perforation remnant energy of three type perforators are obtained by experiments and Cole Formula. Studying results can help to predict dynamic wellbore behaviors and provide a reference for designing the perforation program.
Flow Field Simulation and Atomization Characteristic of Pneumatic Oil Mist Swirler
Authors: Yang Xiao Ming , Chen Jian Wen , Li Lei , Liu Jin Jin , Zhao Yu Long
Published: September 2011

Based on the theory of Fluid Dynamics CFD and Fluid analysis software Fluent，we accomplished the flow field simulation of internal speed and internal pressure of pneumatic oil mist atomizer. Both the flow field simulation and the results of experiment are in good agreement，particle size and density of oil mist change very little when the pressure of compressed air is kept constant while the distance of nozzle and baffle is varied. When the distance from nozzle to baffle is fixed, and the pressure of compressed air is increased gradually, the density of oil mist will increase and the particle size of oil mist will decrease along with the increasing pressure of compressed air. This decreasing trend of particle size of oil mist will slow down when the pressure of compressed air increases to 0.35Mpa. The particle size of oil mist can reach 2μm.
Control Chart Based on Middle Mean for Fine Manufacturing Process
Authors: Li Da Yu , Yang Jun , Li Ming , Zhang Xin
Published: September 2011

As the development of modern manufacturing industry, the products’ defects become fewer and fewer, especially in high reliability field, such as military, aerospace, and so on. But it’s not proper to eliminating the quality control of the process, because there may be some occasional factors that will result in some defects, and the product quality will be questionable. In other words, quality control for the fine manufacturing procedure is still very necessary. However, in such a situation, the traditional control chart is not suitable for use. A new method for quality control of near zero-defect process by using ZIP to model the fine manufacturing procedure is introduced in this paper, the situation when ZIP model can be adopted is analyzed, and an easy robust estimation of ZIP parameters by middle mean is proposed. Finally a case demonstrated in the paper will show how to use the method introduced in the paper.
Effects of Dry Process Technology on Quality of “Laba” Garlic during Process
Authors: Li Xi Hong , Wang Yu , Ju Xiao Feng , Wang Dan , Xing Ya Ge , Liu Xia
Published: September 2011

This paper investigated the effects of acetic acid and CO2 fumigation technology on the variations of crude protein, allicin and blue pigment and yellow pigment of “Laba” garlic during process. “Laba” garlic was prepared by three different treatments: (1) traditional dip (control sample); (2) 2 g/L acetic acid fumigation; (3) 5% CO2 & 2 g/L acetic acid fumigation. During process, all the treated samples were maintained at appropriate conditions (dark, 20 °C). After treated and every 3 days of the process time, the contents changing of allicin, blue pigment and yellow pigment of “Laba” garlic were measured. Interestingly, the results presented that the contents of the functional composition allicin, crude protein, blue pigment and yellow pigment of “Laba” garlic prepared by dry process were higher than them of traditional dip samples. The technology of dry process might be a novel process method to produce “Laba” garlic in the future.
Study on Property of Carbon/Glass Braided Fabric Reinforced Composite
Authors: Du Mei , Zhao Lei , Lv Li Bin , Wang Zhao Yu , Xun Yong
Published: September 2011

The choose of fabric woven structure, tensile property of fabric before and after dipping and the adhesion between fabric and concrete sheet were studied. It was concluded as followings. The utilization rate of the yarn strength in composite was increased by using braided fabric. The tensile strength of fabric and the adhesion between fabric and concrete sheet was obviously increased after dipping.
Development of Temperature Control System for Large-Scale Pre-Oxidation Furnace
Authors: Yu Kuan , Zhu Bo
Published: September 2011

For industrial producing of PAN based carbon fibres, the large-scale pre-oxidation furnace is the key equipment. In this paper, we proposed a new architecture of a set of control systems based on programmable computer controller (PCC) and a fuzzy self-adaptive PID controller to improve the precision of temperature controlling. This controller can not only retain the advantages of conventional PID controller but also can tune online PID parameters according to fuzzy logics. The experimental results show that the proposed controller has the advantages of fast response, small overshoot and high accuracy. The control accuracy is between -1 and 1 degree C which meets the requirements of high performance carbon fiber production.
Electrochemical Determination of Inorganic Phosphate
Authors: Zheng Wen Juan , Zheng Hai Tao , Li Yan Ling , Wang Xing Sheng , Suye Shin Ichiro
Published: September 2011

An electrochemical phosphate sensor based on the precipitation of molybdophosphate on electrode surface was developed for the determination of inorganic phosphate. The condition for the formation of the molybdophosphate was studied and cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry were utilized for the determination. A detection limit of 10 ppm was obtained and the sensor response was approximate liner in the range between 10-100 ppm.
Influence of Preset Pulsed Magnetic Field on Process Stability of Short Circuiting Transfer in Gas Metal Arc Welding
Authors: Chen Shu Jun , Liu Chang Hui , Yu Yang , Bai Shao Jun
Published: September 2011

This study proposed preset pulsed magnetic field acting on process of the short circuiting transfer. It is a controlled horizontal magnetic field which attached at the very beginning of contact between the wire and the weld pool during welding. It was found that there exists optimum conditions of magnetic field with which preset pulsed magnetic field could accelerate the rupture of the liquid bridge and reduce the peak value of welding current in the period of short circuiting transfer. This lead to energy accumulation lowered at the last phase of the short circuiting transfer and spatter loss reduced resulting from explosive short circuit rupture, in the meantime, it could improve the regularity and stability of the short circuiting transfer as well as the weld shaping quality.
The Dynamic and Observed Pendulum Control System Based on Optimum Control
Authors: Zhang Tao
Published: September 2011

In view of the nonlinear characteristic of the pendulum system, the paper applies the LQR algorithm to control the cart position and the pendulum pole angle simultaneously. In order to show the control effect lively, the paper proposes the realization plan which constructing the dynamic and observed pendulum control system by configuration software. The results of simulation computation and configuration design demonstrate that the plan can proves the application value of the LQR algorithm in the pendulum control system and achieves fine teaching effect in the actual teaching process.
Effect of Process Parameters on Damage during the Warm Drawing of Magnesium Alloy Shell for Notebook PC
Authors: Tong Ying
Published: September 2011

The warm drawing process from magnesium alloy sheet to notebook PC shell reveals specialities due to the low plasticity under low temperature of magnesium alloy. As Cockroft-Lathem ductile damage criteria has been introduced, the damage factors and their distribution were calculated by a series of simulations for the warm drawing process. Then the effect of a series of forming parameters on the maximum damage factor was analyzed and the crack regions were identified as the piece corners. Based on the objective of minimizing the damage factor a set of optimal parameters were achieved: temperature 250 °C, press speed 4mm/s, friction factor 0.09, concave die fillet radius 5.1mm, blank holder force 0.7 MPa, clearance between punch and die 1.15 mm.
HPHT Growth and IR Characterizaton of Large Diamond Crystals in FeNi-C-FeS Systems
Authors: Zang Chuan Yi , Chen Lun Jian , Chen Li Xue
Published: September 2011

By temperature gradient method (TGM), with Invar alloy as solvent catalyst, FeS and boron as additives, large diamond crystals are grown under high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) of about 5.4GPa and 1550K. With the content of FeS increased, the colors of grown crystals would be changed from transparent yellow to opaque gray-black, and the quality of diamond crystals could also be destroyed markedly. When both boron and FeS co-doped, the negative effect of FeS on crystal quality could be eliminated somewhat. To a certain content of FeS, with the boron content increased, the crystal color would be changed from opaque gray-black to transparent yellow, and boron content needed is related directly to FeS content in growth systems. The nitrogen content in diamond lattice decreases greatly, with FeS content increased in the growth system, and a 1050cm-1 absorption peak in IR spectrum is also present in diamond crystals grown in FeNi-FeS-C system.
3D Numerical Simulation Method for Working Behavior of Drill String System
Authors: Kuang Yu Chun , Wu Yong Xing , Yan Jin Lin , Wang Qin
Published: September 2011

This paper analyzes several important issues on the drill string system dynamics model and its numerical algorithm. Firstly, it introduces the commonly used numerical methods and contact algorithms, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each method in detail. Secondly, it analyzes the application of explicit and implicit methods for the current stress iteration algorithm, and specifies the implicit algorithm should be used in the research of drill string system dynamics. This paper focuses on the research of damping model and bit-rock interaction model, solves the damping effect based on the theory of ocean wave mechanics, and establishes a simplified bit-rock interaction model. Finally, a virtual numerical simulation example shows that the method used in this paper can analyze the dynamic of drill string used in the 1,000-meter complex well bore. The research result of this paper has certain guiding meanings on the analysis of working behavior of extra-long pipe string in the complex well bore by using numerical methods in the oil field.
In Situ Higher-Time Derivative of Temperature Sensors for Aerospace Heat Transfer
Authors: Huang Man Guo , Elkins Byran S. , Frankel Jay I.
Published: September 2011

This paper presents a novel sensor that delivers, in combination with a thermocouple calibration curve, higher-time derivatives of temperature. This paper provides motivation for developing such a sensor, presents the salient and poignant features of the initial design and processes required for arriving at the sensor while incurring minimal component delay times (lag time), and displays preliminary predictions using an experimental thermocouple drop facility that allows for comparison with an analytic model. The presented results are highly encouraging for stability, accuracy and repeatability.
Research Development of Liner Hanger Technologies
Authors: Wu De Yin , Liu Zhong , Li Heng , Xiao Xin Qian , Li Jing Jing
Published: September 2011

As an important tool in well cementing, liner hanger has always received much attention. The article will review the development history of liner hanger briefly, describe the foreign new-type liner hangers, and discuss the expandable liner hanger in detail. It will also introduce some liner hangers and their accessories with our own intellectual property rights, and finally point out the future development direction of liner hanger in our country.
Study on the Relation between Oscillation Frequency of Self-Excited Oscillation Pulsed Water Jet and Self-Excited Pulsed Water Jet Devices
Authors: Pei Jiang Hong
Published: September 2011

Depending on different structure characteristic of nozzle (self-excited oscillation chamber and special boundary condition), the self-excited pulsed water jet can be produced,which can increase the jet pressure and having the cavitation phenomenon. So,it has been applied in oil driven well、mining and building etc.To study the relation among the frequency of the jetting peak pressure,the peak pressure of the plused-jetting and the self-excited pulsed water jet device,based on the theory of fluid network,the mathematical model of the self-excited oscillation pulsed water jet device was established and the dynamic characteristics parameters of the self-excited oscillation pulsed water jet were tested, which shows that the frequency of the self-excited oscillation nozzle depend on the structure parameter and the dynamic state characteristic of the fluid decisive .the frequency of the jetting peak pressure depends on natural frequency and damping ratio of the device.The experiment proves that the frequency of the jetting peak pressure decreases with the length of the self-excited oscillation chamber,increases with the rising of the pump pressure and there is an optimal length of the oscillation chamber corresponding to the jetting surge pressure. lastly, it clearly shows that the device has functions of oscillator and low pass filter and the jetting peak pressure is the highest when the jet dominant frequency close to the natural frequency of the device. The experimental results help to theory analyzing how to improve peak pressure of the self-excited oscillation jet and have some value in engineering.
The Simulation of Dropped Objects on the Offshore Structure
Authors: Sun Li Ping , Ma Gang , Nie Chun Yong , Wang Zi Han
Published: September 2011

Dropped objects accidents frequently happen during offshore structures operating. In this paper models of dropped objects on the platform were built to simulate the whole falling process by nonlinear FEM software. The shape of dropped objects, the horizontal velocity of dropped objects, dropped into water, different boundary conditions etc. were considered. The safety and feasibility of an approximate method that simplified a stiffened plate into an equivalent panel were also discussed. According to the simulation, it is found that the effective contact area, the velocity of the dropping objects and dropping position are the main factors to the safety of the structure. The simulation with the Fluid-Solid approach was also be verified to be more conservative. Based on the calculation results, it’s proved that the simplified equivalent panel can not be substituted for the stiffened plate, because the girders and stiffeners on the plate promote the crashworthiness of the plate.
The Structure and Technical Parameters Analysis of Snubbing Unit
Authors: Zhong Gong Xiang , Zhao Ting Sheng , Lv Thi Zhong , Peng Cai Zhen
Published: September 2011

Snubbing service is a method of using characterized operation equipment moving the pipe string into or out of the well under pressure to complete workover. It can avoid to use killing fluid and eliminate producing formation pollution caused by killing operation, and it can maximum protect the hydrocarbon zone. Aimed at the existing snubbing units’ low efficiency, a new snubbing unit has been proposed in this paper which can achieve fast running or pulling pipe string under pressure. By the depth analysis of the main technical parameters, we can obtain the corresponding formulas, which is providing the corresponding basis theory for the design and analysis of snubbing unit.
Kernel Orthogonal Neighborhood Preserving Discriminant Analysis
Authors: Liang Xing Zhu , Li Jing Zhao , Lin Yu E
Published: September 2011

Several orthogonal feature extraction algorithms based on local preserving projection have recently been proposed. However, these methods still are linear techniques in nature. In this paper, we present nonlinear feature extraction method called Kernel Orthogonal Neighborhood Preserving Discriminant Analysis (KONPDA). A major advantage of the proposed method is that it is regarded every column of the kernel matrix as a corresponding sample. Then running KONPDA in kernel matrix, nonlinear features can be extracted. Experimental results on ORL database indicate that the proposed KONPDA method achieves higher recognition rate than the ONPDA method and other kernel-based learning algorithms.
Study on Drifting Drilling Assembly and Casing String’s Stiffness Ratio
Authors: Zhang Xiao Dong , Gou Ru Yi , Liang Hong Jun , Gong Yan , Xiao Ping
Published: September 2011

Drilling technology of ultra-deep well is still the focal point of drilling research, there are many difficulties in ultra-deep well drilling, such as bottom hole with high temperature and high pressure, complex geology, borehole with sharp dogleg, etc. These technical difficulties put forward higher request in casing running, well quality must be controlled strictly in order to run larger diameter combination casing string successfully. Well quality is closely linked with the drifting drilling assembly design. The accurate stiffness ratio calculation is the key prerequisite of drifting drilling assembly design. In this paper, a new mechanical model is applied to simulate deflection of the drifting drilling assembly. The solution of variable cross-section beam’s equivalent stiffness is applied to solve the stiffness of the drifting drilling assembly. Modified stiffness ratio calculation method for drifting drilling assembly and casing string is proposed. In the process of calculation formula derivation, the conservation of energy law has been used multiple times. At last, the VB computer program is compiled, which contains the modified calculation method. The computer program calculation value is larger than the conventional method’s calculation value. Modified calculation method is more reasonable, which has important significance for drifting drilling assembly optimal design.
BEM Numerical Modeling and Experimental Verification of Cathodic Protection for Offshore Structures
Authors: Lan Zhi Gang , Hou Bao Rong , Wang Xiu Tong
Published: September 2011

The progresses and theoretical methodology of computer modeling of cathodic protection using the boundary element method (BEM) are outlined. To test the effectiveness and accuracy of BEM numerical modeling of cathodic protection for offshore structures, a miniature model offshore jacket with a sacrificial anode was built and put in a test pool full of seawater. Cathodic protection potentials on different positions were measured and compared with the values obtained from computer modeling. The results show good agreement between measured value and numerical simulated value. The factors that led to discrepancy in the two groups of data were discussed.
Design of Downhloe Oil-Water Cyclone Separator and the Study of Laboratory Experiment
Authors: Cai Wen Bin , Xu Yuan Gang , Zhang Qi
Published: September 2011

The cyclone plays an important role in the downhole oil-water separator during artificial lift for high water cut oil well, the processes of oil-water separation is completing in the cyclone. The oil-water cyclone separator was designed based on the oil and water density contrast and the cyclone separation theory; the laboratory experiment of cyclone separator was carried out and the relationship of the cyclone oil cut of apex and split ratio, oil-water separation efficiency and the velocity , the pressure loss of the cyclone and the velocity were also studied. When the reinjectivity is within 70% of the produced volume, cyclone separator has good water-oil separation ability, split ratio increased with the increase of the vecolity, when the flow vecolity reached 0.25m/s, the split ratio over 30%. But with the increase of the velocity, the increased rate of the split ratio is reduced. The relationship of the flow rate and cyclone intrinsic pressure loss is nonlinear exponential curve.
On Edge-Balance Index Sets of the Graph CnxP6(n=3,4,5mod6)
Authors: Ji Yu Rong , Li Ai Jun , Yao Jing Jing
Published: September 2011

Let G be a simple graph with vertex set V(G) and edge set E(G), and let Z2 = {0,1}. For a given binary edge labeling f :E(G)→Z2 , the edge labeling f induces a partial vertex labeling f*:V(G)→Z2 such that f*(v) =1(0) iff the number of 1-edges (0-edges) is strictly greater than the number of 0-edges (1-edges) incident to v , otherwise f*(v) is idefined. For i∈Z2 , let v(i)=card{v∈V(G): f*(v) =i} and e(i) = card{e∈E(G) : f (e)=i}. The edge-balance index sets of a graph G,EBI(G), is defined as {|v(0) −v(1) |: the edge labeling f satisfies |e(0)−e(1) |≤1}.In this paper, we completely determine the edge-balance CnxP 6(n=3,4,5mod6).
The Intelligent Detection System of the Machineroomless Elevator Based on WSN
Authors: Chen Zhi Jun , Liu Xin , Yan Xue Qin , Zhang Ru
Published: September 2011

An intelligent detection system of machineroomless elevator is designed in this paper as well as the diagrams of system’s network structure and workflow. The system chooses the CC2430 chip based on ZigBee technology as controller for system data collection and transmission node, designs the circuits schematic for the elevator sensor nodes and gateway nodes and the monitoring center to realize real-time display of the elevator running state. The test result shows that the system is reliable, small in size, low in cost and consumption which means a tryout for the application of internet of things in elevators.
Simulating and Testing on Trajectory for Bomb with Parachute under Low Altitude Condition
Authors: Jian Yu , Tian Ying Yuan , Yu Guo Zhao
Published: September 2011

With the development of precision guidance ammunitions, more and more parachutes are used for controlling speed and adjusting posture. At the same time, this will increase the complexity of movement for bomb with parachute. This paper created a simulating model of trajectory for bomb with parachute under low altitude condition. By the comparative study on theoretical trajectory and testing, it can determine the parameters and firing table, and it’s very useful for aircraft ammunition on research and development.
The Comparison and Analysis of Pore Size Distribution between Cotton Yarn and Fabric
Authors: Di Jian Feng , He Xiao Xia , Du Wen Qin , Qi Hong Jin
Published: September 2011

To obtain more detailed and accurate pore size distribution for cotton fabric, this paper focuses on comparing size distribution between the yarn and fabric. The result shows that there are great difference as well as relationship in size distribution between the yarn and fabric. The size in fabric has 2 orders of magnitude including that in yarn with just 1 order of magnitude. The pore size ratio data also illustrate that the pore in yarn account for 33.3% of that in fabric, suggesting that the pore in yarn has a certain impact on the wicking behavior of fabric. However, the graphic exhibit that the size distribution shape in yarn is different from that in fabric, which may be owing to the fabric weaving configuration, implying that wicking liquid movement is affected not just by capillary effect along the yarn but also by interlacing points and fluid-wall interaction in the complex channels of fabric.
License Plate Localization Based on Machine Vision
Authors: Huang Yin Hua , Zhao Shi Qi
Published: September 2011

License plate holds the very small proportion in the whole vehicle image, and the color, size and location for License plate is also uncertain. Fast and accurate localization for license plate is a difficult problem in the license plate recognition process. This paper presents a geometry license plate localization method based on machine vision. This method has very good compatibility to the gradation linear and nonlinear change, moreover support criterion and angle change. Experimental results indicate that the localization deviation does not surpass 1.0pixel and the angular deviation does not surpass 1.0 degrees under same level test condition. Robustness of this localization is basic consistent with Cognex Visionpro. The license plate localization can adapt the low signal-to-noise ratio, the low contrast gradient, the fuzzy situations and so on., which is also simple, practical and is better than traditional zone location and edge localization method.
Research on Aircraft Components Life Prediction Based on Grey Relational Analysis
Authors: Jia Bao Hui , Lei Xian Duo
Published: September 2011

Aiming at life prediction for aircraft components, the life distribution types and the parameter estimation methods were introduced, then a method using grey relational analysis to determine the type of the life distribution was proposed, from which can calculate the remaining life. In this paper, the typical aircraft components were taken as an example to demonstrate the feasibility of the method. It has some certain reference value in the maintenance decision-making.
The Testing Stand Design and Parameter Determination of Pneumatic Seed Metering Device of No-Till Seeder
Authors: Zhao Man Quan , Hu Yong Wen , Liu Yue Qin
Published: September 2011

testing stand that is able to imitate the vibration of seeder field surface stirred up is designed to analyse the effect of vibration on the seed metering function of pneumatic seeder. The signal of vibration data is collected by tape recorder on the testing spot in testing process and then the vibration signal is analysed. A conclusion is reached based on the analysis of testing result that: the trait vibration of seeder is an approximate periodic function, which may be approximately simulated with sine exciting signal; the trait vibration frequency of seeder ranges form 0 to 68 Hz, the maximum acceleration of vibration makes 25m/s2, and the minimum excited vibration thrust of vibration exciter is 500N. A testing stand for seed metering is designed by taking these parameters as the criterion to simulate field surface excited vibration and analyse the seed metering dynamic characteristic of seed metering device.
Zoobenthos Used in Water Quality Assessment in Songhua River in Harbin City
Authors: Zhang Jing , Ma Ling , Ma Cheng Xue , Yu Hong Xian
Published: September 2011

In order to explore the zoobenthos community composition and the status of water quality in Songhua River in Harbin city, we conducted an investigation on the zoobenthos community structure in spring, summer and autumn 2008. The results showed that 60 species of zoobenthos were found totally, of which 39 species were aquatic insect Larvae, 13 species of mollusks, 7 species of annelid, 7 species of crustacean. Density variation in the scope of 26.67-3521.67 ind./m2, biomass variation in the scope of 0.14-549.89g/m2. And assessed water quality using the physic-chemical and biological methods, the results showed that water quality of Songhua River in Harbin city was in moderate-severe pollution state.
Optimization of Poly-Silicon Deposition Process for Semiconductor Bridge
Authors: Zhang Zheng Yuan , Mei Yong , Feng Zhi Cheng , Li Xiao Gang , Li Jian Gen , Hu Guo Xiang
Published: September 2011

Aiming at the severe effect of poly-silicon deposition process on the performance of semiconductor bridge, experiments were made on optimization of poly-silicon deposition to obtain optimal process conditions. Resistance of the poly-silicon semiconductor bridge was stabilized 1±0.07Ω, satisfying its application requirements.
Inhibitive Performance of 1,4/1,6-Bis(α-Alkyl Pyridinium ) Butane/Hexane Dibromide on A3 Steel
Authors: Jiang Xiao Hui , Zhou Li Mei , Yao Shan Zhuo , Duan Ming , Hu Xing Qi
Published: September 2011

1,6-bis(α-alkyl pyridinium ) hexane dibromide was synthesized and confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR and MS. The inhibitive effect of the gemini surfactants for A3 steel in 20% hydrochloric acid was evaluated by gravimetric measurement and electrochemical method. The results indicated that the inhibitive efficiency of the gemini surfactants was affected by the concentration, the length of alkyl chain and spacer in the gemini surfactants. The inhibition rate increased with concentration, the surfactants with four methylenes as spacer showed a slightly better anticorrosive performance than those with six methylenes, and the gemini surfactants with decyl chains exhibited the best inhibitive efficiency. The adsorption of these gemini surfactants on the surface of A3 steel was in accordance with Langmuir isotherm. The electrochemical experiment revealed that the gemini surfactants were mix-type inhibitors. The current density decreased noticeably with the concentration while the charge-transfer resistance increased. The pyridinium rings and positively charged nitrogen atoms in the gemini molecule adsorbed on A3 steel surface and the alkyl chains formed a hydrophobic layer by virtue of self-assembly property of surfactants. Therefore the corrosion of A3 steel was effectively inhibited by the gemini surfactants.
High-Temperature Oxidation of Low-Carbon Steel Coated by Solution-Spraying with Cerium and Aluminum Ions
Authors: Saeki Isao , Harada Eiichiro , Tsunekawa Kengo , Matsuoka Koji , Naramitate Yui , Sugiyama Yusuke , Sato Tadao
Published: September 2011

Solutions containing cerium and aluminum ions were sprayed on a low-carbon steel, and high-temperature oxidation of the coated steels was examined. It is found that the oxidation rate was low, and removal of oxide scales was easy for the coated steels. These features were thought to be caused by the suppression of wüstite formation when the coating was applied.
Prediction of Mechanical Scale Failure – Current Status and Perspectives
Authors: Schütze Michael , Rudolphi Mario
Published: September 2011

A new model concept for predicting mechanical oxide scale failure is applied to Al2O3, Cr2O3, Fe3O4and NiO. The calculated critical strain values are plotted versus the physical defect size using a simplified version of the original h-w-concept. A limited number of experimental data existing in the literature were entered into the plots and yield satisfactory agreement with the model data. Future efforts should focus on extending the experimental data basis and converting these data into h-values for the model.
Scale Deformation and Failure in Hot Rolling: Understanding and Simulation
Authors: Krzyzanowski Michal
Published: September 2011

This work reviews recent advances in research on oxide scale behaviour in hot rolling processes. Presenting novel approaches, the paper emphasizes the crucial role of reproducible experiments to elucidate the scale properties coupled with numerical analysis to develop quantitative models with predictive accuracy. Oxide scale failure is predicted taking into consideration the main physical phenomena. The most critical for scale deformation and failure parameters are measured during testing and depend on the morphology, scale growth temperature. They are also very sensitive to the chemical content of the underlying metal. The work integrates the combined finite/discrete element analysis with a range of experiments each provide partial insight into oxide fracture, friction, heat transfer, descaling and pick-up, mechanical intermixing taking place near the stock surface among others.
Characterisation and Pickling Behaviour of Thermal Oxide Scale on Low Carbon Steel Produced from a Thin Slab
Authors: Chandra-ambhorn Somrerk , Somphakdee Tanongsak , Chandra-Ambhorn Walairat
Published: September 2011

Thin slab interested in this work was the one with the thickness of ca. 50 mm and mainly made from recycled steel. Chemical composition of the studied steel strip produced from such slab was Fe with 0.077 wt% C, 0.233 wt% Mn, 0.191 wt% Si, 0.159 wt% Cu and 0.052 wt% Ni. Scale retained on that steel after hot rolling was studied. The hot-rolled sample was pickled in 10%v/v HCl aqueous solution at 80 °C. Weight loss and relative XRD peaks of hematite-per-iron and magnetite-per-iron were measured at different pickling periods of time. It was observed that the as-received scale was crack-free. Hematite-and-iron ratio approached zero at the pickling time of 3 seconds. Magnetite-per-iron ratio gradually decreased with increased pickling time and approached zero later. These results indicated that pickling solution attacked the outermost hematite layer resulting in removing of this layer first. Sublayers of scale consisting of magnetite were completely pickled later. Pickling behaviour was not merely volumetric since scale was crack-free. Mechanical adhesion of scale on steel substrate was additionally investigated by tensile test to help characterise the oxide scale.
Mechanical Adhesion and Pickling Behaviour of Thermal Oxide Scales on Hot-Rolled Low Carbon Steel Strips Produced by Different Finishing Temperatures
Authors: Ngamkham Komsan , Niltawach Satian , Chandra-ambhorn Somrerk
Published: September 2011

Hot-rolled low carbon steel strips were produced using two different finishing temperatures at 910 and 820 °C in an industrial hot-rolling line. Mechanical adhesion of scale on the steel substrate at 40 mm from the edge was investigated by tensile test. It was found that the strain initiating the first spallation of scale produced at higher finishing temperature was lower. Spallation ratio which is a spalled area of scale divided by the total area of scale examined under an optical microscope was steeper when the scale was produced at higher finishing temperature. The lower values of strain initiating the first spallation and the higher values of spallation ratio of scale formed both at higher finishing temperature were due to higher thickness of that scale. Pickling behaviour of the hot-rolled steels was investigated by immersing the studied steels in a 10%v/v HCl solution at 80 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) peak of hematite relative to that of iron decreased with pickling time and approached zero during pickling periods from 3 to 10 s, while magnetite-and-iron ratio gradually decreased and tended to be zero at longer pickling time. This might indicate the existence of hematite as the outermost layer of scale and subscale containing magnetite as the inner part.
Determination of the Epitaxial Strains of a Thermally Grown Oxide on a Metallic Substrate
Authors: Kurpaska Lukasz , Favergeon Jérôme , Lahoche Laurent , Moulin Gérard , Roelandt Jean Marc
Published: September 2011

A generalization of the Bollmann’s method is used to evaluate the epitaxial strains at the metal/oxide interface. The numerical approach is described and applied to the Ni/NiO system in order to study the result sensitivity to some numerical parameters.
Effect of Oxidation Temperature to Descaling Properties of the Scale Formed on Silicon Containing Steel
Authors: Yanagihara Katsuyuki
Published: September 2011

Silicon is an effective element to improve steel hardness by solid solution hardening. However, it is difficult to remove the scale formed on high Si contained steels. In the present study, descaling tests were carried out with three heat patterns of oxidation treatments to make clear the effect of oxidation temperature on descaling properties of the scale formed on Si containing steel. Two-step heating at 1210 °C-1140 °C shows the best descaling results. Descaling properties should be influenced by scale morphology and structure at the scale / steel interface. Furthermore, the results of present study suggest that fracture behavior of the scale, which is controlled by voids and cracks, is also important factor for descaling properties.
Fireside Corrosion of Austenitic Tube Materials for Advanced USC Boilers
Authors: Otsuka Nobuo
Published: September 2011

Laboratory corrosion test of Ni-base alloys and austenitic stainless steels was performed in 0.1/0.5% SO2-5%O2-10%H2O -15%CO2–N2at 650-750°C for 20 h. Mixture of 1.5m/o Na2SO4-1.5m/o K2SO4-1m/o Fe2O3was used as a corrosive. The effect of SO3concentration on both the onset temperature of melting and the thermal stability of the synthetic coal-ash mixture was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. Concentration of SO2/SO3affected the corrosion of steels and alloys at 650°C and 700°C drastically.
Improvement of the High-Temperature Erosion-Corrosion Resistance of Incoloy 800 by Cladding of 25.35.4CNB Reinforced by SiC
Authors: Promdirek P. , Chandra-ambhorn Somrerk , Thongkasem S. , Kanchanasin N. , Walla N.
Published: September 2011

The objective of this study is to improve the high-temperature erosion-corrosion resistance Incoloy 800 for the application used as thermowell at 900°C. In weld cladding procedure, silicon carbide (SiC) particles were pre-deposited on the Incoloy 800 substrate, followed by the cladding of Ni-base alloy filler (34Ni-25Cr-0.4C-Ti-W-Mo) by a gas tungsten arc welding. A theoretical amount of SiC particles mixed with filler was 2 - 30%wt. A particle size of SiC was in the range of 50-150 mm. The results showed that the addition of 15%wt SiC led to the maximum hardness of the cladding layer. Addition of particles more than 15wt% tended to provoke cracks in cladding layer. The larger particle size exhibited the higher hardness. An erosion rate of cladding surface was further tested by the perpendicular impingement of 1-mm SiC abrasion sands on the sample surface with air flow velocity of 220 m s-1 at 900°C in air. For cladding layer with the same amount of SiC mixed, the one mixed with larger particle size exhibited the higher erosion-corrosion resistance. Likewise, for cladding layer mixed by the same size of SiC, the addition of particle with a smaller amount promoted the higher erosion-corrosion resistance. The addition of 2.6 wt% SiC particles with 150 mm size in cladding layer showed the surface with the best erosion-corrosion resistance in this study. No oxide scale was, however, observed on eroded surface due to the spallation by high impact erodent particles.
High Temperature Corrosion of M-40Cr-0.5Ce Alloys as Inert Anodes in Aluminium Electrolysis
Authors: Zhu Yu Ping , He Ye Dong , Wang De Ren
Published: September 2011

Fe-40Cr-0.5Ce and Ni-40Cr-0.5Ce alloys prepared by vacuum melting have been studied as inert anodes in aluminium electrolysis. High temperature corrosion of these alloy anodes was conducted in cryolite-alumina electrolytes at anodic current density of 0.5 A/cm2, at 800°C and 900°C for 10h respectively. It is found that a Cr2O3 scale was selectively formed on the surface of Ni-40Cr-0.5Ce anode at 900°C, corresponding to excellent corrosion resistance during aluminium electrolysis and higher purity of aluminium product. While a composite oxide film was developed on the surface of Fe-40Cr-0.5Ce anode at 800°C. The formation of Cr2O3 scale is controlled by both of the dissolving rate of Cr2O3 scale in electrolyte and the diffusing rate of Cr in alloys, so the M-Cr alloys require a high content of Cr for inert anodes application.