bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
"Un análisis interdisciplinario: El Testimonio Anónimo del hospital de Jerusalén y la Orden de los Hospitalarios"
Authors:   Universidad de Buenos Aires (Argentina), Greif Esteban
Published: October 2022

The Anonymous Description of the Hospital of Jerusalem is the most extensive and informative description of the daily-medical work of the order of the Hospitallers in the Holy City. By its studying, we can access to the knowledge of the medical care and the work of attention deployed with the poor and the sick that defined the sense and the particular character of this Order in the Holy Land. Like any other text, the Anonymous Description... contains a wide set of meanings and refers to a vast universe of agents and social functions. In this work it will be indicated the discursive operation within the text and its possible meanings around a “legitimizing dimension” of the existence of the Order trough the assistance work of the Hospitallers. Our approach will be necessarily an interdisciplinary one. We will present some of the philological problems derived from the analysis of the source and some of the possible solutions emerged from the combination of readings from the field of the history of medicine, the social history and the medieval literature.
Using a convolutional neural network to recognize text elements in poor quality scanned images
Authors: Винокуров Игорь Викторович
Published: October 2022

В работе предложен метод распознавания содержимого отсканированных изображений плохого качества с использованием свёрточных нейронных сетей (CNN) и его программная реализация. Метод состоит из 3-х основных этапов.

На первом этапе осуществляется предобработка изображения с целью выявлении контуров его буквенных и цифровых элементов и основных знаков пунктуации.

На втором этапе содержимое фрагментов изображения внутри выявленных контуров последовательно подаётся на вход CNN, реализующую многоклассовую классификацию.

На третьем, заключительном этапе, осуществляется постобработка совокупности ответов CNN и формирование текстового документа с результатами распознавания.

Все этапы реализованы на языке Python с использованием библиотек глубокого обучения Keras, компьютерного зрения OpenCV и обработки изображений PIL. Предлагаемый в работе способ показал достаточно хорошие результаты распознавания для основных типов ухудшения качества отсканированного изображения — геометрических искажений, размытия границ, различных пометок на исходном и отсканированном изображении и т.п.
Clinical profile of scrub typhus in children at a tertiary care hospital in South India
Authors: Shajahan Nadiya , Sahana K. S.
Published: October 2022

Objectives:

The objectives of this study were to study the demographic, clinicolaboratory profile and outcome of scrub typhus in affected children.

Material and Methods:

Retrospective descriptive study of children aged 1 month–16 years who were diagnosed with scrub typhus between January 2014 and November 2021, admitted to the paediatric ward and intensive care unit of our hospital.

Results:

A total of 15 patients were included in the study, of which 60% were male and 40% were female. Among the study population, 66.7% of children were aged above 10 years. The cases were seen mainly in the months of October–November. Fever was present in all children. Other symptoms noted were cough (66.7%), chills and rigours (53.3%), headache (53.3%), abdominal pain (40%) and vomiting (33.3%) and rarely altered sensorium. The diagnostic features such as lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly were found in 40 and 46.7% of patients, respectively. Laboratory findings noted were elevated CRP (66.7%) and deranged liver enzymes (93.3%). Scrub typhus IgM, Weil-Felix and febrile agglutination test were positive in 33.3%, 53.3% and 26.7% of cases, respectively. Pneumonia (40%), shock (6.7%) and myocarditis (6.7%) were the common complications present in these children.

Conclusion:

Even in the absence of eschar, the diagnosis of scrub typhus should be strongly considered in any febrile child with lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, thrombocytopaenia and liver dysfunction.
Surgical correction of refractive errors in patient with clinically thin cornea and high myopia
Authors:   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Belonozhenko Y.V. , Kolenko O.V. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation,   Postgraduate Institute for Public Health Workers, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation
Published: October 2022

The article evaluates the clinical effectiveness of implantation of a phakic intraocular lens model (IOL) Visian ICL in a patient with a combination of high myopia and clinically thin cornea on the example of a clinical case. Implantation of a personalized posterior chamber phakic IOL is a clinically effective, safe and predictable method for the surgical correction of high myopia, including in patients with clinically thin corneas, when keratorefractive intervention is contraindicated. Keywords: myopia, phakic IOL ICL, intraoperative difficulties.
Advanced technology of femtolaser-assisted intumescent cataract phacoemulsification
Authors:   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Tambov branch, Pirogova E.S. , Fabrikantov O.L. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Tambov branch, Nikolashin S.I. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Tambov branch
Published: October 2022

Purpose. To optimize the technology of femtolaser-assisted intumescent cataract phacoemulsification. Material and methods. Group I included 29 patients (30 eyes) with intumescent mature cataract, who underwent femtolaser-assisted phacoemulsification using a new, advanced technology. Group II included 20 patients (20 eyes), in whom the femtolaser stage was performed using standard technology. In all preoperative parameters, patients in groups I and II were almost identical. The advanced femtocapsulorexis technology included: preoperative assessment of intralenticular pressure, staining of the anterior capsule of the swelling lens with trypan blue, introduction of a high molecular weight viscoelastic into the anterior chamber to balance intraocular and intralenticular pressure, increasing the laser energy up to 10 mJ when performing anterior capsulorhexis. Results. In group I, in 2 eyes there was a non-penetration of the anterior capsule, in one eye in the 30° sector, in the second – in the 45° sector. The leakage of the lens material into the anterior chamber and the floating anterior capsule were not observed in patients of group I. In group II, non-penetration of the anterior capsule was observed in 6 eyes, in the 140–150° sector – in 2 eyes, in the 90° sector – in 3 eyes, in the 180° sector – in 1 eye. A floating anterior capsule was observed in 5 cases. The leakage of the lens material into the anterior chamber was observed in 9 eyes. Conclusion. The advanced technology of femtolaser-assisted intumescent cataract phacoemulsification excludes the leakage of lens material into the anterior chamber and allows performing the anterior capsulorhexis of a given size and shape. Keywords: intumescent cataract, phacoemulsification, femtolaser-assisted, anterior apsulorhexis.
Experimental study of the possibility of using synthetic materials for the creation of stem cell carrier matrices for use in corneal surgery
Authors:   S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, Karpovich V.V. , Churashov S.V. ,   S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, Chernysh V.F. ,   S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, Kulikov A.N. ,   S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy
Published: October 2022

Purpose. Тo study in the experiment the properties of three different types of synthetic polyester matrices, to conduct their comparative assessment and determine the optimum as a carrier for the cultivation and transplantation of limbal stem cells while eliminating limbal insufficiency. Material and methods. Тransparency, mechanical properties, biocompatibility with cell cultures of the cornea, as well as the study of the timing of matrix biodegradation in vivo were carried out. Results. Тhe study examined the optical and mechanical properties of matrices made from polylactide-glycolide (PLG), polylactide-caprolactone (PLC) and poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL). It was experimentally shown that human and rabbit limbal stem cells, as well as human corneal epithelium cells, adhered on the surface of all types of matrices under investigation, and during cultivation they retained the typical structure of actin cytoskeleton, the ability to proliferate and migrate. Differences in the interaction of different cell cultures with different types of carriers were revealed. The terms of biodegradation of PLC matrices with a thickness of 5 μm was about 30 days. Conclusion. Тhe results indicate that it is possible to use 5 μm thick PLC matrices as a carrier of cultured limbal stem cells. Keywords: poly (lactide-glycolide), poly (lactide-caprolactone), poly (ε-caprolactone), biodegradation, limbal stem cells.
First results of femtolaser-assisted DSAEK in patients with corneal EED
Authors:   State Institution ", Savranova T.N. ,   Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Eye Microsurgery",   Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Saidjonov S.S. ,   State Institution "Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Eye Microsurgery" Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Rozukulov V.U. ,   State Institution "Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Eye Microsurgery" Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent
Published: October 2022

This is our first experience in posterior lamellar keratoplasty with femtolaser. In the Republic of Uzbekistan it was the first time when femtolaser used for keratoplasty. Purpose. Evaluation of the first results of femtolaser-assisted DSAEK in patients with corneal EED. Material and Methods: Six patients (6 eyes) aged 52 to 71 years (mean age 60.5 ± 1.05 years), including 1 male (17 %) and 5 female (83 %). All patients underwent femtolaser-assisted endothelial keratoplasty. Four patients underwent surgery for secondary corneal endothelial-epithelial dystrophy, 2 patients underwent surgery for Fuchs endothelial dystrophy. Results. Microinvasive automated descemetoplasty is an effective, safe method of treatment which allows to minimize traumatization of corneal endothelium and to achieve high functional results. Conclusions. This technique allows to form an very thin flap of uniform thickness, makes it possible to perform posterior stratified keratoplasty with maximum functional and structural safety for the corneal endothelium. All this reduces the loss of corneal endothelial cell density. Keywords: endothelial-epithelial corneal dystrophy, posterior lamellar keratoplasty, femtolaser-assisted treatment.
Postoperative IOL deformation, its detection methodology and postoperative refraction shift
Authors:   Medical Military Academy named S.M. Kirov of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, Dzilikhov A.A. , Danilenko Е.V. ,   Medical Military Academy named S.M. Kirov of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
Published: October 2022

Purpose. To determine IOL deformation in patients after phacoemulsification using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and to identify associated shift of postoperative refraction. Results. A "deflection" along the axis was detected during the OCT data analysis. In 38 cases (17.27 %) the center of the optical part of the lens was shifted toward the retina. The amplitude of this shift was 8.41 ± 8.28 mkm (from 0.00 to 30.00 mkm). At the same time patients with the "deflection" of the optical part of the IOL have large values of axial length (AL) accompanied with a great corneal segment diameter size, a deeper anterior chamber of the pseudophakic eye and its larger volume after IOL implantation. The obtained subjective refraction and the autorefractometry data in the form of a spherical equivalent were compared with the expected value of the calculated refraction using standard formulas. The average amplitude of the refraction shift was 0.25 diopters towards hypermetropia. Mathematical models based of logistic regression were constructed to predict the probability of the lens "deflection". The model based on only IOL power value (AUROC = 0.89 ± 0.07) stood out with good predictive quality and the possibility of interpretation. A high probability of IOL "deflection" was revealed when its power was not greater than ≥ 18.5 diopters. Another models was built based on sets of biometry data measured with Lenstar LS900: the axial length and anterior chamber depth of of the phakic eye, the diameter of the corneal segment and the average keratometry data calculated within the main meridians. This one have also high predictive quality: AUROC = 0.93 ± 0.06. Conclusion. Based on the data of optical coherence tomography, it is possible to detect the axial "deflection" of the optical part of the intraocular lens. The deflection of the IOL is reflected in the hypermetropia refractive shift relative to that calculated by the formulas of Hoffer Q, Holladay I and Haigis, which requires correction. To calculate the probability of displacement of the implanted IOL towards the retina, 2 logistic regression models with good predictive quality and the possibility of interpretation for the have been developed. Keywords: cataract, "deflection" along the axis, phacoemulsification, IOL deformation, optical coherence tomography
Staged surgical treatment of complicated primary cataract of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors:   N. Pirogov’s National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow, Konovalova K.I. , Shishkin M.M. ,   N. Pirogov’s National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow
Published: October 2022

Purpose. To evaluate the efficacy of phacoemulsification of primary cataract by the second stage after vitreoretinal surgery of PDR patients. Material and methods. 187 cases of surgery treatment of patients with PDR and complicated primary cataract were enrolled. This patients were divided into four groups depending on the treatment tactics. In the 1st group patients were subjected to a two–step surgical procedure: vitreoretinal surgery with silicone oil tamponade performed as the 1st step in their treatment; followed by the 2d step, phacoemulsification surgery and silicone oil removal, and the IOL implantation, respectively. In the 2d group phacoemulsification performed simultaneously with vitreoretinal surgery: phacoemulsification, IOL implantation, vitreoretinal surgery with silicone oil tamponade. The second step differed in the removal of silicone oil from the vitreous cavity. In the 3rd group patients were subjected to a two–step surgical procedure: vitreoretinal surgery with gas tamponade performed as the 1st step in their treatment; followed by the 2d step, phacoemulsification surgery and the IOL implantation. In the 4th group phacoemulsification performed simultaneously with vitreoretinal surgery: phacoemulsification, IOL implantation, vitreoretinal surgery with gas tamponade. Results. Outcomes of the preliminary studies suggest that it is more viable to perform phacoemulsification surgery sometime later along on PDR patients with complicated primary cataract. Conclusions. This sequence of treatment procedure ensures a more gentle approach to the anatomic structures of the eye during the first stage (vitreoretinal surgery) and contributes to the reduction in the number of intraoperative and postoperative complications. Keywords: diabetic retinopathy, cataract, vitreoretinal surgery.
Preparation and support of the anxious patient in the ophthalmological clinic for one-day surgery
Authors:   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Cheboxary branch, Russia, Cheboxary, Kuzmin N.D. , Rascheskov A.Y. ,   "Eye surgery Rascheskov", Russia, Kazan, Kuzmina S.V. ,   Kazan State Medical University, Russia, Kazan
Published: October 2022

The question of preoperative anxiety in an ophthalmological patient and its relief in an outpatient setting is becoming increasingly relevant due to the improvement of the technique and equipment of ophthalmic surgery, when the practice of "one-day surgery" is becoming increasingly common. Purpose. To analyze the relationship between the level of anxiety during preoperative preparation and the choice of the optimal approach for the relief of preoperative anxiety in an ophthalmological patient in a "one day" clinic. Material and methods. 89 adult patients of both sexes referred for outpatient surgery were included into trials. Clinical psychotherapeutic interviewing, a scale of situational and personal anxiety C.D. Spielberger (adapted by Y.L. Khanin), a questionnaire for analyzing satisfaction with the quality of medical services provided in outpatient settings were used. Statistical: Microsoft Excel spreadsheet editor for Windows; the STATISTICA application software package version 6.1. were taken. The condition for determining statistically significant differences is the value р ≥ 0.05. Results. The study revealed an average and high level of situational anxiety in 66 % of patients referred for refractive surgery, in 81 % of patients referred for cataract surgery. Against the background of the performed anxiolytic therapy in the preoperative period, the proportion of people with a high level of reactive anxiety decreased significantly (p ≥ 0.05) (from 24 % to 8 %), while personal anxiety did not significantly change. Conclusions. The study showed the possibility of providing better quality medical services in "one-day" eye surgery, which expands the availability of outpatient ophthalmic surgical care to patients with anxiety disorders. Keywords: outpatient surgery, refractive surgery, situational anxiety, preoperative preparation
History of Sable Hunting and Restoring of Sable Population in the Kolyma River Basin
Authors: ЧЕПРАСОВ М.Ю. , МОРДОСОВ И.И.
Published: October 2022

Аннотация. До проникновения русских землепроходцев и «промышленных людей» скотоводческие племена якутов и занимавшиеся разведением оленей племена эвенов, эвенков и другие народности Севера практически не занимались промыслом соболя и других пушных животных. В этот период соболь занимал всю лесную зону Якутии современной территории Якутии, его численность была высокой. Проникновение «промышленных людей» было связано с резким снижением численности соболя в бассейне р. Енисей. Они стали хищнически добывать соболя с применением огромного количества самоловов-кулемок. Служилые люди обложили местное население ясаком, назначая выплату его пушниной, где основной ясачной единицей служили шкурки соболя. С этого времени соболиный промысел прочно вошел в традиционный уклад аборигенного населения этого региона. В результате интенсивного промысла в пределах Центральной Якутии и прилежащихрайонов современной территории Западной Якутии соболь практически исчез к середине XVII века. Это способствовало проникновению «промышленных людей» на Северо-Восток Якутии, где продолжалось хищническое истребление соболя, что привело к полному исчезновению его в начале XVIII века. Работы по восстановлению запасов соболя в Якутии начались с 1930 года с принятием мер, в число которых входило объявление трехлетнего (1936-1941 гг.) и пятилетнего (1946-1950 гг.) запретов промысла, которые не дали ожидаемых результатов по восстановлению ареала соболя. В связи с этим с 1947 года стала проводиться интродукция во многих районахЯкутии, в т. ч. и в бассейне р. Колыма. В пределах Северо-Восточной Якутии (бассейны рек Яна, Индигирка и Колыма) акклиматизационные работы проводились в 1951-1958 гг., когда было выпущено 1855 особей соболя, в т. ч. в бассейне р. Колыма 724 зверька. В результате этих работ былой ареал соболя был восстановлен ипромысел этого вида начался здесь с 1960-х гг. В последние годы наблюдается интенсификация промысла, что привлекает различного рода скупщиков шкурок соболя, деятельность которых ни одной государственной организацией не контролируется. Кроме того, есть факты, что промысел соболя продолжается в марте-апреле, т. е. начинается неконтролируемый промысел, который может подорвать плотность сложившихся популяций вида и, как следствие, может произойти резкое снижение его численности в отдельных наиболее опромышляемых районах.
Charge-transfer-to-solvent states provide a sensitive spectroscopic probe of the local solvent structure around anions
Authors: Sarangi Ronit , Nanda Kaushik , Krylov Anna I.
Published: October 2022

This computational study characterizes charge-transfer-to-solvent (CTTS) states of aqueous thiocyanate anion using equation-of-motion coupled-cluster methods combined with electrostatic embedding quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) scheme. Equilibrium sampling was carried out using classical molecular dynamics (MD) with standard force-fields and QM/MM ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) using density functional theory. The two calculations yield significantly different local structure around solvated SCN−. Because of the diffuse character of CTTS states, they are very sensitive to the local structure of solvent around the solute and its dynamic fluctuations. Owing to this sensitivity, the spectra computed using MD and AIMD based snapshots differ considerably. This sensitivity suggests that the spectroscopy exploiting CTTS transitions can provide an experimental handle for assessing the quality of force-fields and density functionals. By combining CTTS-based spectroscopies with reliable theoretical modeling, detailed microscopic information of the solvent structure can be obtained. We present a robust computational protocol for modeling spectra of solvated anions and emphasize the use of an ab initio characterization of individual electronic transitions as CTTS or local excitations.
Versatile high energy X-ray transparent electrolysis cell for operando measurements
Authors: Moss Asger , Hätinen Joel , Kúš Peter , Garg Sahil , Mirolo Marta , Chorkendorff Ib , Seger Brian , Drnec Jakub
Published: October 2022

We here present a design for a versatile electrochemical cell designed for X-ray operando studies of Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA) based electrolysis. The cell has been tested for CO2 electrolysis performance and for various X-ray techniques.
Enabling late-stage drug diversification by high-throughput experimentation with geometric deep learning
Authors: Nippa David F. , Atz Kenneth , Hohler Remo , Müller Alex T. , Marx Andreas , Bartelmus Christian , Wuitschik Georg , Marzuoli Irene , Jost Vera , Wolfard Jens , Binder Martin , Stepan Antonia F. , Konrad David B. , Grether Uwe , Martin Rainer E. , Schneider Gisbert
Published: October 2022

Late-stage functionalization (LSF) is an economical approach to optimize the properties of drug candidates. However, the chemical complexity of drug molecules often makes late-stage diversification challenging. To address this problem, an LSF platform based on geometric deep learning and high-throughput reaction screening was developed. Considering borylation as a critical step in LSF, the computational model correctly predicted the reactivity of 81% of novel substrates, while reaction yields for diverse reaction conditions were predicted with a mean absolute error margin of 4–5%. The regioselectivity of the major products was accurately captured in up to 90% of the cases studied. When applied to 23 diverse commercial drug molecules, the platform successfully identified numerous opportunities for structural diversification. The influence of steric and quantum mechanical information on model performance was quantified and a new comprehensive simple user-friendly reaction format (SURF) is introduced which proved to be a key enabler for seamlessly integrating deep learning and high-throughput experimentation (HTE) for LSF.
ESTADO DEL ARTE DE LA LEGIONELLA PNEUMOPHILA EN AGUAS TERMALES
Authors: Rojas Ramírez Martha Liliana , Sánchez Londoño Yuly Andrea
Published: October 2022

En este artículo se presenta una revisión bibliográfica sobre la Legionella Pneumophila en aguas termales, bacteria transmitida por el agua y causante de la enfermedad del legionario, la cual puede ser mortal para quien la adquiera y estar presente en los balnearios naturales que utilizan agua de manantial termal, así como en jacuzzis mal operados, equipos asociados a sistemas de calentamiento y ventilación de aire acondicionado. En las aguas termales de Colombia no se referencian estudios y la normativa que regula estas aguas se encuentran en Proyecto de Ley en el Senado; por esta razón se recurrió a consultar reglamentación internacional para la Legionella Pneumophila, en la cual, se evidencia que en algunos países se tiene un límite aceptable para la presencia de esta y en otros se exige su ausencia total.
MEDICIÓN DE LA HUELLA DE CARBONO UTILIZANDO UNA APLICACIÓN MÓVIL INTEGRADA CON TECNOLOGÍA IOT
Authors: Murillo Luis Fernando , Blanquicett Luis Alfredo , Bonfante María Claudia
Published: October 2022

El calentamiento global y la huella de carbono son directamente proporcionales, es decir, cuanta más huella de carbono se tenga, más calentamiento global habrá, por esta razón se decidió tomar este problema ambiental y calcular la huella de carbono de la facultad de ingeniería de la Universidad de Sinú, de esta manera, la universidad puede conocer la cantidad de CO2 que se emite por el funcionamiento de la facultad y de esta manera ser capaz de tomar medidas con respecto a la mitigación de estas emisiones. Para esto, se desarrolló una aplicación móvil con el lenguaje de desarrollo Dart, esta aplicación es capaz de realizar cálculos manuales de la huella de carbono, y se implementó un cálculo en tiempo real a través de un sensor que está conectado a un microcontrolador, este sensor mide el consumo eléctrico de un dispositivo y envía la información a un servidor IoT. Conociendo el consumo eléctrico, se puede calcular la huella de carbono. La aplicación permite medir esta huella de carbono debida al consumo eléctrico y organiza esta información por medio de gráficos, y de esta manera el usuario puede comprender mejor la información almacenada.
DETECCIÓN AUTOMÁTICA DE GESTOS DE CONDUCTORES COMO PARTE DE UN SISTEMA AVANZADO DE ASISTENCIA AL CONDUCTOR ADAS
Authors: Chaparro Preciado Javier Alberto , Mosquera Nicolás
Published: October 2022

Los carros autónomos son una apuesta para el futuro del transporte en las grandes ciudades y se han convertido en un reto en varios centros de investigación del mundo. La Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito, y específicamente la Decanatura de Ingeniería Electrónica, viene apoyando la apropiación de este tipo de tecnologías en asocio con una empresa de tecnología colombiana. Por ese motivo, desarrolla actualmente el proyecto de investigación titulado “Sistema de asistencia a conductores basado en monitoreo de parámetros internos y externos de un automóvil”. La problemática que se identificó está relacionada con la adaptación de los vehículos autónomos en nuestro país, ya que si bien los desarrollos de Sistemas Avanzadas de Asistencia al Conductor (ADAS por sus siglas en ingles de Advanced Driver Assistance Systems), han alcanzado un importante grado de madurez en diferentes centros de investigación, en nuestro país es necesario hacer adaptaciones de estos dadas las particularidades en las vías y el entorno. Desde hace más de un año se viene trabajando para desarrollar un sistema electrónico de bajo costo que implemente un algoritmo para detectar automáticamente fatiga en los conductores identificando de variables fisiológicas (frecuencia cardiaca) e intrínsecas del comportamiento del conductor (número de parpadeos, estado de la boca y postura de la cabeza). Como no es posible tener conectado al conductor a un equipo para medir parámetros cardiacos, se utilizó una técnica denominada pletismografía por imágenes (PPGI) que emplea una cámara Intel RealSense sr300. En un primer trabajo de pregrado un estudiante diseñó un sistema de alarmas de fatiga analizando las variables anteriores y lo implementó en el entorno de trabajo ROS (Robot Operating System). Posteriormente, un estudiante de maestría evaluó el desempeño del algoritmo en diferentes tarjetas de placa reducida SBC (Single Board Computer) con el objetivo de determinar la que ofreciera la mejor relación desempeño/costo. Hasta el momento las boards analizadas han sido la Atomic Pi, LatePanda, y Raspberry Pi 4. En este trabajo se presenta el algoritmo que se diseñó para establecer las condiciones internas del conductor y los resultados de la evaluación del desempeño de la boards.
USO DE LA ESCORIA DE HORNO DE ARCO ELÉCTRICO (EHAE) COMO AGREGADO FINO PARA LA PRODUCCIÓN DE MORTERO ESTRUCTURAL
Authors: Mayor Hernández Nicolás , Valderrama Sánchez José Armando , Rojas Manzano Manuel Alejandro , Benavides García Héctor Mauricio , Prado Daniel
Published: October 2022

El crecimiento de la población mundial ha provocado un mayor consumo de recursos, en este escenario toma importancia la construcción, por la necesidad de más viviendas, ampliación de la infraestructura vial, la generación de comercio e industria y demás. El acero es uno de los materiales más utilizados para estos fines, el cual durante su elaboración genera diferentes residuos según la materia prima utilizada. Cuando se produce de la fundición de chatarra, se genera la escoria de horno de arco de horno eléctrico (EHAE) o negra, posteriormente, en el proceso de afinado, en el horno tipo cuchara, resulta la escoria blanca. Cabe aclarar que por cada tonelada de acero fabricado resultan entre 110-150 Kg de EHAE, este residuo actualmente es almacenado por la industria y es necesario realizar investigaciones que permitan su utilización de forma segura para evitar efectos negativos al medio ambiente. Debido a lo anterior, este trabajo tiene como objetivo evaluar el uso de la escoria como agregado fino para la fabricación de morteros estructurales. Se desarrolló una metodología experimental que incluye la revisión del estado del arte del uso del agregado siderúrgico, la caracterización de todos los materiales (cemento, agregado natural de río y agregado siderúrgico), el diseño de mezcla para una resistencia a la compresión de 35 MPa, la fabricación de morteros estructurales de referencia y con agregado siderúrgico, así como la determinación de sus propiedades en estado fresco y endurecido (resistencia a la compresión y a la flexión). Finalmente, los resultados muestran que el uso del agregado siderúrgico fino producido con EHAE incrementó las propiedades mecánicas del mortero, este comportamiento puede estar asociado a la elevada resistencia al desgaste del material y a su superficie rugosa que mejora la adherencia. Se concluye que el uso de la escoria puede ser una alternativa técnicamente viable como reemplazo del agregado natural para la fabricación de morteros y concretos, teniendo un efecto positivo en la sostenibilidad de la industria de la construcción, pues disminuirá la explotación de recursos naturales no renovables.
DISEÑO DE UN SISTEMA DE POTABILIZACIÓN DE AGUAS LLUVIA PARA VIVIENDAS ECO SOSTENIBLES DE INTERÉS RURAL EN EL ALTO MAGDALENA, COLOMBIA
Authors: Oviedo Forero Óscar Julián , Vargas Martínez Tatiana Valentina , Barragán Alturo Ancízar
Published: October 2022

El siguiente documento resume la investigación denominada “Materiales reciclados como una alternativa sostenible en los componentes del proceso constructivo de viviendas rurales en Tocaima, Cundinamarca”, en cuanto al diseño de un sistema de potabilización de aguas lluvia, proyecto dirigido desde el semillero SENTRAM del programa de Ingeniería Civil de la Universidad Piloto de Colombia, seccional del Alto Magdalena. El marco teórico de este proyecto circunscribe temáticas de experiencias significativas que sobre este particular se han desarrollado en las mismas latitudes, como los países africanos y asiáticos que padecen deficiencia en el acceso al servicio de agua potable por diferentes factores, pues es un hecho que más de mil millones de personas carecen de acceso a una fuente de agua tratada, y que un número mayor consume agua contaminada en extremo. En este orden de ideas, para resolver esta problemática en el Alto Magdalena tomado como territorio, y exactamente en la vereda Vásquez, de Tocaima, Cundinamarca, se propende por la elaboración de un sistema de tratamiento integral basado en dos modelos distintos, que utilizan como fuente de energía la radiación solar, cuyas variantes se citan en este documento, los cuales son la desinfección solar y la pasteurización por medio de un calentador solar. Para este proyecto se ha propuesto una metodología científica y documental de carácter explicativo con enfoque mixto, tanto cualitativo como cuantitativo, porque se analizarán datos e hipótesis producto de ensayos científicos que incidirán en el diseño. En primer lugar, se realizará una caracterización del agua lluvia en laboratorio, análisis que se realizará con dos pequeñas muestras de la misma, una en estación seca y otra en temporada de lluvia, con el fin de conocer variables de interés, necesarias para proponer un diseño acorde, de modo que sirvan de referencia a lo largo de la investigación y permitan expandir el conocimiento del caso. Seguido de esto, se hace necesario evaluar mediante un presupuesto integral el costo tanto de implementación como de operación de los tratamientos, y así se escoja la solución más pertinente.
APLICACIÓN WEB PARA LA ADMINISTRACIÓN DE LA INFRAESTRUCTURA DE RED Y TELECOMUNICACIONES DEL CAMPUS CENTRAL DE LA UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER EN LA SEDE CÚCUTA
Authors: Barragán Jaimes Jessica Alejandra , Torres Bermón William Schnaider
Published: October 2022

La administración de la infraestructura de red y telecomunicaciones de la Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander seccional Cúcuta, es la labor realizada por el Centro de Servicios de Información (CSI). En base a un conjunto de problemáticas asociadas a tan importante labor, se planteó el diseño y desarrollo de una aplicación web que permitiera centralizar e integrar la información generada en los procesos de instalación, configuración, control, soporte y mantenimiento de los diferentes dispositivos de hardware, cableado estructurado e instalaciones con los que cuenta la universidad en su infraestructura de red, facilitando la toma de decisiones y optimizando la labor realizada por el personal del CSI. El desarrollo del producto de software se llevó a cabo bajo la metodología OpenUp, debido a que es un proceso unificado, iterativo e incremental; promueve la colaboración para alinear los intereses comunes, balancea las prioridades competitivas, se centra en la arquitectura minimizando los riesgos, y favorece la retroalimentación en busca de mejoras. La construcción de la aplicación se basó en tecnologías Open Source. Los desarrolladores hicieron uso del framework Laravel integrado con la herramienta CRUDBooster, MariaDB como Sistema de gestión de base de datos, y para la transición de la aplicación a la comunidad del CSI (despliegue en el entorno de producción) se implementó un servidor virtual en Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2).
MÍ RED GUARDIÁN (MyRG)
Authors: Saavedra Morales Hugo Alejandro , Rodríguez Moreno Pedro Pablo , Valderrama Riveros Óscar Camilo
Published: October 2022

Es ineludible que una problemática global que ha persistido en el tiempo es la inseguridad, homicidios, hurtos, violencia, entre otras situaciones que amenazan nuestra integridad; Problemáticas de éste ámbito se presentan en todos los países, en mayor o menor medida, sin embargo y según estadísticas que miden los índices de seguridad de los países, se evidencian más críticas en regiones con fuerte presencia de corrupción, ineficiencia en el manejo de los recursos, y en general, múltiples y constantes situaciones que representen quebrantar la ley. MyRG pretende ser la unión de dos soluciones que permitan que cualquier persona con un smartphone pueda conectarse a una “Red Libre” (que esté conformada y construida por sus propios usuarios, y que no represente ningún costo para su uso), mediante una aplicación que cumplirá la función de “Guardián”, la cual constará de diversas metodologías (cómo la creación de una “Zona Segura”, que determinará un perímetro cercano a la persona que se sienta en peligro, para avisar asertivamente a cualquiera en el perímetro de “Auxilio Oportuno” dentro de la red, notificar a el centro de policía más cercano, entre otras descritas en el informe del proyecto), y que gracias a su conexión mediante la “Red Libre”, no necesitará que sus usuarios dispongan de un plan de datos o una conexión a internet, lo que facilitará el acceso a un mayor número de usuarios y por consecuente tendrá una mayor probabilidad de ser efectiva en prestar auxilio a la persona en peligro. MyRG nace bajo la iniciativa de ser una herramienta para la seguridad personal, sustentada en tres componentes; Un componente inclusivo desde la perspectiva de proveer una red que no dependa de si el usuario tiene acceso a una conexión a internet de cualquier tipo, otro componente que está basado en la efectividad, soportándose en la multiplicidad de metodologías y en la accesibilidad de la red libre, y un componente social que consiste en promover una mentalidad social de dejar a un lado el individualismo; Proteger y sentirse protegido, percibiendo a MyRG como una herramienta indispensable para la seguridad personal.
SISTEMA AUTOMÁTICO PARA EL CONTROL DE UN BRAZO ROBÓTICO UTILIZANDO UNA BANDA DE CONTROL POR GESTOS Y TÉCNICAS DE APRENDIZAJE DE MÁQUINA
Authors: Villoria Posso María Fernanda , Molina Tique Angie Paola , García Arias Hernán Felipe
Published: October 2022

En el campo de los sistemas automáticos, existe un área de investigación importante basada en las interfaces hombre-computadora(HCI), las cuales permiten por medio de bioseñales como EEG o EMG manipular artefactos. Asimismo, se logra evidenciar de acuerdo al estado del arte numerosas aplicaciones de este campo y diversos métodos de desarrollo. Sin embargo, se han detectado falencias en los algoritmos construidos, ya que la mayoría de sistemas HCI y específicamente en aplicaciones de brazos robóticos están enfocados en aspectos característicos, es decir, gran parte de los sistemas existentes están orientados al acceso de las variables de estado con el fin de realizar una tarea de control. En este sentido, se detecta la importancia de alternativas enfocadas a sistemas de reconocimiento, teniendo en cuenta que esto afectaría la complejidad del modelo a construir. En el presente trabajo se propone el desarrollo de un sistema interactivo, con el propósito de implementar una comunicación humano-computadora mediante clasificación de señales EMG, siendo así un sistema automático para el control de un brazo robótico utilizando una banda de control por gestos (MYO) y técnicas de aprendizaje de máquina. Por lo tanto, se hace necesario desarrollar técnicas que logren crear un modelo predictivo donde se realice un correcto aprendizaje de máquina. Con ello, se construye un algoritmo que permite obtener un modelo basado en técnicas de aprendizaje de máquina, el cual clasifica las señales EMG identificando sus características para realizar el reconocimiento de gestos. Este modelo, es probado y entrenado inicialmente a partir de bases de datos de señales bioeléctricas almacenadas en repositorios; eventualmente se incorpora la banda de control por gestos MYO al proceso, la cual permite utilizar la actividad eléctrica del brazo de un individuo y así construir una base de datos propia; finalmente se envía la acción de control a partir del gesto reconocido y es visualizado en un brazo robótico simulado en un entorno de desarrollo integrado.
First Radiocarbon Data for the Middle Neolithic Burials from the Southern Angara Region (Report)
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Berdnikov I. M. , Goriunova O. I. ,   Irkutsk State University
Published: October 2022

In the Neolithic studies of the Cis-Baikal, the problem of hiatus (break in mortuary traditions) remains topical. According to the latest data, adjusted for the freshwater reservoir effect, it manifests itself over a period of about 600 years (6660–6060 cal BP). During the implementation of the project “Missing Link: The Problem of Identification of Middle Neolithic Burials on the Territory of Baikal-Yenisei Siberia”, carried out under the guidance of one of the authors, it was proposed to associate with the Middle Neolithic complexes of campsites where Ust-Belaya and Posolskaya ceramics are recorded. In parallel, a search was carried out for burials that could be correlated with this stage. More recently, we have received the first radiocarbon data on two burials from the Southern Angara region. One of them (Ust-Ilir burial ground) was included in the database already at the first stage of the study. The second (from Shumilikha burial ground) was not initially considered as a potential object for dating and was analyzed as an addition to other materials. As a result of radiocarbon dating, two determinations were obtained from fauna samples (fragments of bone tools). It has been established that the age of the Ust-Ilir burial complex with bone pendants with waterfowl images, unique for the Angara region, is within the range of 6275–6012 cal BP (6182±70 mean HPD cal BP). A similar burial (Gremyachii Klyuch) was excavated in 1959 in Krasnoyarsk. Burial No. 44 from Shumilikha is somewhat older and is dated in the range of 6622–6410 cal BP (6508±43 mean HPD cal BP). Thus, the age of this burial complexes falls within the interval of the Middle Neolithic hiatus. Moreover, these data do not require any correction, since they were obtained from samples from the bones of herbivorous mammals. Both burials could have been left by huntergatherers who made Ust-Belaya ceramics, as evidenced by the finds of fragments of this type in the collection of exposed materials from the Ust-Ilir burial ground, as well as the synchronism and territorial proximity of burial No. 44 of the Shumilikha burial ground and complexes of cultural layer 3 of the Ust-Belaya site with fragments of similar vessels. This is the first reliable data on hiatus, the problem of which is likely to lose its relevance in the near future.
Contradictions of the Soviet Theory of Ethnos: The History of the Concept and its Prospects
Authors:   Sociological Institute of FCTAS RAS, Wiener B. E.
Published: October 2022

The article discusses why the concept of ‘ethnos’ originated in the Russian Empire, and then in the second half of the 20th century, was developed in the USSR. The revival of the concept of ‘ethnos’ in the 1940s was caused by the need to solve such an applied problem as the drawing of post-war borders in post-war Eastern Europe. Later, Soviet ethnos theorists tried to combine incompatible Marxist ideas about the social class nature of society with the idea of an ‘ethnos’, close to Weber's understanding of an ethnic group, as a group with a specific culture and identity. At the turn of the 1980-1990s discussions began about the crisis of Soviet/Russian ethnology, primarily in the explanation of ethnicity, and several theorists suggested reorienting to the constructivist approach to ethnicity, which became dominant in English speaking science. The author considers the modern constructivist approach to ethnicity to be exhausted, since it failed to explain why members of ethnic minorities often prefer to self-identify with their ethnic ancestors more than with the states of which they are citizens, despite the efforts of states to reverse this orientation. It seems appropriate to abandon attempts to tie the ethnos to the social class structure of a particular socio-economic formation, that is, to abandon the concepts of ‘nation’ and ‘nationality’ (‘narodnost’). In theoretical terms, it makes sense to rely on the criticalrealist theory developed by sociologists and representatives of other social sciences, which makes it possible to show the derivativeness of identities from structural and cultural factors and the reverse effect of identities on them. The use of the concept of ‘ethnos’ within the framework of such an approach has the advantage that it can describe the mechanism that leads to the possibility of the long-term existence of ethnic groups as important components of the social structure of society. Such a mechanism is the intergenerational transmission of ethnic identity, the core of which is ethnic self-identification, due to mono-ethnic marriages. And the most salient feature of this mechanism includes ideas of members of ethnic communities that ethnicity is associated with the ethnic origin of people and is transmitted, as it were, by inheritance from parents to children.
Environmental Assessment of Surface Water Body Quality (on the Example of the Psel River)
Authors: Kovalenko S. A. , Ponomarenko R. V. , Kraynyuk O. V. , Severynov O. V.
Published: October 2022

Purpose. To analyze the qualitative malt of the surface water body to determine changes in its ecological status.

Methods. Statistical and systematic analysis of ecological status changes was performed according to the interactive map "Monitoring and ecological assessment of water resources of Ukraine" of the river Psel for 2012 - 2020 on the following indicators: nitrates, nitrites, phosphates, ammonium ions, sulfates, chlorides.

Results. It was found that in the Psel River in 2019 there was a decrease in the total phosphate content from point Nr 1 to point Nr 6. At the same time, there is a significant increase near Bishkin village. The reason may be the placement of a fence post in a settlement where there are no treatment facilities. There is an increase in nitrate concentration, while in the Kaminne village and Velyka Bagachka urban-type settlement there is a decrease in nitrate concentrations, which may be associated with their consumption of phytoplankton, which should lead to increased turbidity and biological oxygen demand. The increased concentration of nitrites indicates the intensity of decomposition of organic matter, and the delay of oxidation of NO2– to NO3–, which clearly indicates the pollution of the reservoir. Nitrates and nitrites enter the water from the effluents of industrial and agricultural enterprises. The decrease in the ammonium ions concentration (the Chervone village) is most likely due to their oxidation, dissolved in water by oxygen, with the formation of nitrate ions. There is an increase in chloride content. The increase in chloride concentration near the Byshkin village and the Kaminne village is due to the pollution of surface water bodies with domestic wastewater. There is an increase in the sulfates content. For the manufacture of fertilizers or chemicals in the technological process at the enterprise sulfuric acid is used. Therefore, it can be assumed that the discharges of untreated water by the enterprise can be the reason for the increase in the content of sulfates in the river water.

Conclusions. An analysis of changes in the ecological status of the Psel River on the basis of data «Monitoring and environmental assessment of water resources of Ukraine» for 2012 – 2020 was performed. It is revealed that the river Psel is under rgular technogenic impact, has a tendency to steady deterioration of its ecological condition.