bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mediating effects of preoperative fear and anxiety on postoperative pain intensity
Authors: Teixeira George Luís , Marques Daniely Gomes , Santos Evelyn Alves dos , Hortense Priscilla , Napoleão Anamaria Alves , Carvalho Emilia Campos de , Eduardo Aline Helena Appoloni
Published: October 2024

Abstract Objective To identify the mediating effects of preoperative fear and anxiety on postoperative pain intensity in people undergoing elective surgeries up to six months after surgery. Methods This is an observational and longitudinal study with quantitative analysis, carried out with 172 adult patients admitted to a hospital and undergoing elective surgeries. The instruments used were: form for characterizing sociodemographic, clinical and surgical variables; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; Surgical Fear Questionnaire; and Numeric Rating Scale for pain assessment. The interviews were carried out during the preoperative period, 48 hours after surgery and monthly until six months after surgery. For the descriptive statistical analysis of the explanatory variables, the absolute and relative frequencies, mean, standard deviation, median and minimum and maximum values were used. The relationship between the variables studied was analyzed using measures of correlation and mediating effects (structural equation model, maximum likelihood method). Results During the postoperative period (6 months), the mean pain ranged from 4.86 to 1.19. The means for anxiety (7.62) and fear (25.2) related to surgery were calculated. The analysis of variables showed a positive correlation between both preoperative fear and anxiety with the highest pain levels assessed at different moments in the postoperative period. Furthermore, preoperative anxiety exerted a mediating effect on the relationship between fear related to surgery, manifested in the preoperative period, and postoperative pain in the first 48 hours after surgery. Conclusion Psychological variables, such as preoperative fear and anxiety, influenced postoperative pain intensity in people undergoing elective surgeries. Nursing interventions aimed at anxiety and fear may be useful for surgical patients.
Pandemia de COVID-19: Sono e fadiga em profissionais da saúde mental
Authors: Lenz Flávia Camef Dorneles , Silva Rosângela Marion da , Siqueira Daiana Foggiato de , Pretto Carolina Renz , Freitas Etiane de Oliveira , Greco Patrícia Bitencourt Toscani , Xavier Mariane da Silva , Beck Carmem Lucia Colomé
Published: October 2024

Resumo Objetivo Analisar a relação entre fadiga e qualidade do sono em profissionais dos serviços de saúde mental durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos Este estudo transversal e correlacional foi desenvolvido entre outubro de 2021 e julho de 2022 com profissionais dos serviços de saúde mental no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Foram usados questionários sociolaboral e de saúde, Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh e Escala de Avaliação da Fadiga. A análise foi descritiva e analítica, e foram usados testes qui-quadrado, exato de Fischer, correlação de Spearman e análise de regressão binária logística (nível de significância de 5%). Resultados Participaram 141 profissionais, com prevalência de má qualidade do sono e alta fadiga. A má qualidade do sono mostrou associação ao afastamento do trabalho por doença nos últimos seis meses (p=0,023), cansaço ao final da jornada de trabalho (p=0,011), realização de tratamento de saúde (p=0,012) e fadiga (p=0,006). A fadiga alta foi associada a sentir-se cansado ao final da jornada de trabalho (p=0,017). Modelos multivariados evidenciaram que profissionais com fadiga alta e cansaço frequentemente e/ou sempre apresentaram duas vezes mais chances de ter má qualidade do sono. Conclusão Fadiga e qualidade do sono estão significativamente associadas, com maior chance de má qualidade do sono entre os que apresentam níveis elevados de fadiga. Estratégias para reduzir a sobrecarga laboral, melhorar a qualidade do sono e promover um ambiente saudável são recomendadas.
Cost-effectiveness analysis in healthcare: documentary study of theses and dissertations
Authors: Fonseca Graziele Gorete Portella da , Parcianello Márcio Kist , Santos Wendel Mombaque dos , Santos Viviane Euzébia Pereira dos , Mello Ana Lúcia Schaefer Ferreira
Published: October 2024

Abstract Objective To characterize Brazilian theses and dissertations that used cost-effectiveness analysis methods in health technologies and the respective decision models. Method This documentary and quantitative study was carried out in February 2023 with a search in the Catalog of Theses and Dissertations (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Persons) in the period 2011-2022 using the term “cost-effectiveness”. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 81 studies were included in the study and then a quantitative analysis of theses and dissertations was carried out. Results The majority of studies were doctoral theses (54.3%), defended in 2018 (22.2%) in southeastern Brazil (60.5%) and conducted in a hospital setting (42.0%). The Markov Decision Tree model (37.0%) (28.4%) was adopted, followed by other models. Furthermore, most theses followed the recommendations of good practices in economic cost-effectiveness analysis: they met a largely (55.6%), minimally (25.9%) and partially (18.5%) of the necessary items and recommendations. Conclusion The cost-effectiveness studies carried out in the theses analyzed used the Decision Tree model and followed best practice recommendations in their development.
Nurses’ records on guidance for users with tuberculosis in Primary Health Care
Authors: Silva Júnior José Nildo de Barros , Guedes Haline Costa dos Santos , Henriques Amanda Haissa Barros , Januário Dilyane Cabral , Nogueira Matheus Figueiredo , Barrêto Anne Jaquelyne Roque
Published: October 2024

Abstract Objective To evaluate the completeness of nurses’ records on guidance given to users with tuberculosis (TB) followed in Primary Health Care (PHC). Methods This was a documentary and retrospective study whose population consisted of all records of new TB cases reported in Family Health Units in a municipality (State of Paraíba) in the period 2015-2019. The study was conducted from July to September 2020 with a sample of 190 medical records selected by systematic proportional and probabilistic sampling. The R software for statistical analysis was used with a 5% significance level, employing descriptive statistics, Pareto Chart, and trend analysis. Results In assessing the completeness of the guidance record about nutrition, treatment, and consultations given by nurses for patients with TB, 60% of the indicators were classified as very poor. The Pareto Chart highlighted guidance on food and treatment as the main problems in the record, representing more than 50% of the total incompleteness. The trend models showed increasing statistical evidence for the incompleteness of the guidance on consultations indicator (p=0.016) and a growing statistical trend for the incompleteness of the guidance on exams and consultations indicators. In contrast, guidance on nutrition and exams showed a decreasing trend in incompleteness. Conclusion Records showed inadequate completeness accompanied by an increasing trend for incompleteness in the registration of guidance for users with TB in PHC. This scenario points to the urgency of intervention measures in Public Health to improve TB monitoring in PHC.
Maternal opinions about bathing for pain relief in hospitalized children
Authors: Souza Danton Matheus de , Fogaça Vanessa Dias , Carvalho Joese Aparecida , Rossato Lisabelle Mariano
Published: October 2024

Abstract Objective To analyze maternal opinions regarding the use of therapeutic baths to relieve pain in children hospitalized for respiratory problems. Methods This is a descriptive, qualitative study, conducted in a secondary teaching hospital, in the city of São Paulo, between July 2022 and July 2023. A total of 16 mothers of children hospitalized for respiratory problems, with acute pain, literate, who followed the intervention - therapeutic bath and one-hour follow-up - participated. The bath consisted of immersion in hot water (between 37-39°C), with 2/3 of the body immersed for at least five minutes. Through convenience sampling, mothers were asked to write their opinion with the guiding phrase “Write your opinion about the use of therapeutic baths to relieve your child’s pain”, with poetic freedom in writing. The data were subjected to thematic content analysis, complemented by lexical analysis, with the IRAMUTEQ® software. National ethical guidelines were respected. Results Mothers believed that therapeutic bathing is an effective and innovative intervention, with mutual benefits for their children and themselves. In children, they reported that bathing provided relief from pain and respiratory symptoms, comfort and numbness. For mothers, it provided satisfaction with care, rest and a feeling of inclusion. Conclusion Mothers believed that therapeutic bathing is an effective and innovative intervention, with mutual benefits for children and themselves, with pain relief and subsequent maternal satisfaction.
Aplicativo de telefonia móvel com comunicação acessível na urgência pré-hospitalar: e-SU
Authors: Montandon Diego Santiago , Oliveira Luiz Carlos Souza de , Araújo Agostinho Antônio Cruz , Sant’Ana Ricardo Souza Evangelista , Mendes Isabel Amélia Costa , Godoy Simone de
Published: October 2024

Resumo Objetivo Descrever o processo de construção e avaliação de um protótipo de aplicativo de telefonia móvel que promova acessibilidade em chamada de socorro pré-hospitalar por pessoas com necessidades comunicativas especiais. Métodos Estudo metodológico, realizado em três etapas: definição de requisitos funcionais da população alvo; construção e disponibilização do protótipo de aplicativo para celulares touchscreen para solicitação de atendimento pré-hospitalar; avaliação das heurísticas de usabilidade por peritos, por meio de checklist, e pela população-alvo, pessoas com necessidades comunicativas especiais, utilizando a System Usability Scale. Foi realizada análise estatística descritiva e calculadas as pontuações e escores de avaliação do aplicativo. Resultados O aplicativo apresentou alta usabilidade (média de 58,75 pontos) e 21 sujeitos da população-alvo indicaram um excelente índice de satisfação do usuário (média de 89,5 pontos), oportunizando o registro e patente do protótipo. Conclusão O protótipo construído, demonstrou capacidade para promover acessibilidade comunicativa de convocação de socorro pré-hospitalar para pessoas com necessidades comunicativas especiais.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of pre-hospital emergency and their influencing factors among caregivers for older adults: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Liu Zhen-ye , Zhou Yu-ying , Lin Wen-xuan , Kuang Yan-ping
Published: October 2024

Abstract Objective To investigate the status quo and analyze the influencing factors of the knowledge, attitude, and practice of pre-hospital emergency among caregivers for older adults. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 133 caregivers for older adults in Guangdong province, China, nursing homes were selected as survey participants from December 2021 to June 2022 via convenience sampling. All participants were administered a general information questionnaire and a Pre-Hospital Emergency Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Questionnaire. For data analysis, we used descriptive and inferential statistics. Results The scores on the knowledge, attitude, and practice dimensions were 24.65 ± 4.49, 24.52 ± 4.34, and 24.05 ± 4.67, respectively. Regression analysis showed that the age, professional skill level, and healthcare education experience of the caregivers were the main influencing factors of their pre-hospital emergency knowledge. Additionally, the presence/absence of direct participation in the pre-hospital emergency of the caregivers was the primary influencing factor of attitude, while education level and employment status were the factors mainly influencing pre-hospital emergency practice. Conclusion Caregivers for older adults currently have a low-to-medium level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of pre-hospital emergency. The main factors affecting the implementation of pre-hospital emergency for caregivers in China are their older age, low education levels, temporary employment and imperfect occupational security system.
Correlações na qualidade de vida de pessoas com HIV/AIDS na região amazônica
Authors: Vera Samuel Oliveira da , Paes Andrea Luzia Vaz , Chaves Tânia do Socorro Souza
Published: October 2024

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a qualidade de vida de pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS (PVHA) e fazem seguimento ambulatorial em um hospital universitário na região amazônica (Belém, PA). Métodos Este foi um estudo descritivo transversal. Os dados foram coletados em novembro e dezembro de 2019 aplicando um formulário com variáveis sociodemográficas e usando o instrumento específico WHOQOL-HIV Bref. As variáveis sociodemográficas foram analisadas usando estatística descritiva. A análise inferencial do instrumento WHOQOL-HIV Bref foi realizada usando o teste de correlação de Spearman entre os domínios da qualidade de vida. Resultados Foram entrevistados 208 pacientes, sendo 66,3% nascidos com o sexo biológico masculino, 67,3% heterossexuais e 57,2% com faixa etária de 36-55 anos. O maior escore médio foi encontrado no domínio espiritual (17,1±2,8) e o menor no domínio nível de independência (4,2±2,8). Em geral, foram observadas correlações moderadas positivas; só a correlação entre os domínios nível de independência e espiritual não foi estatisticamente significante (p>0,05). Conclusão Os resultados sugerem que os apoios social e religioso, emprego e acesso a serviços de saúde podem melhorar a qualidade de vida de PVHA na região amazônica. São necessárias mais pesquisas sobre a qualidade de vida de PVHA para aprimorar as políticas públicas igualitariamente e equanimemente no Brasil, especialmente na Amazônia Brasileira que tem tido um aumento contínuo no número de PVHA.
Instrumento brasileiro para investigação de eventos adversos na saúde: estudo de validação
Authors: Mello Lucas Rodrigo Garcia de , Christovam Barbara Pompeu , Rebustini Flávio , Moreira Ana Paula Amorim , Moraes Érica Brandão de , Paes Graciele Oroski
Published: October 2024

Resumo Objetivo Construir o instrumento brasileiro para investigação de eventos adversos em saúde e avaliar as evidências da validade de conteúdo e o processo de resposta. Métodos Este estudo psicométrico foi realizado conforme o Standards for Education and Psychological Testing e conduzido nas seguintes etapas: busca por evidências da validade de conteúdo e do processo de resposta. Na evidência de conteúdo participaram 46 especialistas de todas as regiões do Brasil. No processo de resposta, participaram 76 profissionais de 31 instituições de saúde. Foi usado o programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences para distribuição de variáveis quantitativas e síntese, via cálculo de estatísticas descritivas. Na etapa de evidência de conteúdo, foi usado o Content Validity Ratio (CVR) aceitável maior que o CVR crítico esperado para N juízes; neste estudo, foi usado o CVR crítico de 0,35. Já o grupo focal foi realizado para o processo de resposta. Resultados No total, 46 especialistas participaram na etapa de validação de conteúdo, predominantemente enfermeiros de formação (84,8%) formados há 11 anos (60,7%) ou mais. Os resultados obtidos na validação de conteúdo para cada nível foram: nivel I apresentou um CVR: 0,88, nível II 0,76 e nível III 0,97. Já na etapa de processo de resposta, foram realizados ajustes na nomenclatura e encadeamento das etapas. Conclusão Foi possível construir e validar o primeiro Instrumento Brasileiro para Investigação de Eventos Adversos na Saúde com as fontes necessárias para assegurar o conteúdo e processo de resposta, considerando as melhores evidências articuladas com as referências nacionais e internacionais, permitindo o aprimoramento dos sistemas de investigação para instituições de saúde privadas e públicas.
Home opportunities for the motor development of infants vertically exposed to HIV
Authors: Pacheco Tamiris Ferreira , Paula Cristiane Cardoso de , Tamplain Priscila , Muñoz Jenny Amanda Ortiz , Rodrigues Analu Lopes , Padoin Stela Maris de Mello
Published: October 2024

Abstract Objective to evaluate the opportunities of the home for the motor development of vertically exposed infants according to the interdependent levels of the environment. Methods This was a cross-sectional study which included family members who were capable of carrying out the daily care of HIV-exposed infants aged between three and 18 months who were being monitored by health services in eight municipalities in southern Brazil. Infants who were institutionalized, had lost their outpatient follow-up or were unable to be contacted by telephone were excluded. A total of 168 family members took part in the study through face-to-face and telephone data collection, characterizing the family member, the infant and the environment. The scales of opportunities in the home environment for motor development, the infant and food insecurity scales were applied. Descriptive analyses and correlations between the independent variables were carried out, followed by Poisson regression with robust variance. Results The total opportunities of the home environment were classified as moderately adequate (37.4%), variety of stimulation as excellent (35.4%), physical space as moderately adequate (44.5%), toys for gross motor skills (38.0%) and fine motor skills (38.7%) as less than adequate. There was an association for schooling (p < 0.005), income (p < 0.013) and food security (p < 0.032) with the outcome less than adequate or moderately adequate for home opportunities. Conclusion Poorer schooling, financial conditions and food security imply fewer opportunities for motor development, which can be exacerbated by the clinical fragility of infants with an as yet undefined serological condition and the demand for regular care to prevent vertical transmission.
Monitoring contacts of tuberculosis patients by community health workers
Authors: Venancio Juliana Muniz Possato , Bertolozzi Maria Rita , Orlandi Giovanna Mariah , França Francisco Oscar de Siqueira
Published: October 2024

Abstract Objective To analyze the monitoring of contacts of tuberculosis (TB) patients from the perspective of Community Health Workers (CHWs). Methods This was a descriptive, cross-sectional, qualitative study with CHWs from eight Primary Care Center in the Casa Verde/Cachoerinha/Limão Technical Health Supervision in the city of São Paulo, SP. Semi-structured interviews were conducted from June to July 2021. Health Surveillance was the conceptual framework and the statements were subjected to content analysis. Results The CHWs (51) had an average working time of 7.4 years and 169 families under their responsibility; they reported having already had cases of TB in the micro-area they worked in (68.7%) and had some training in the disease (70.6%). In general, the monitoring of contacts was not known by the participants, who also did not recognize this activity as a task for which they were responsible. Several difficulties were identified in the work routine, including: contacts’ resistance to being assessed at appointments and carrying out the tests requested, accepting the possibility of having TB, not being able to access contacts, among others. Conclusion Ignorance of the need to monitor contacts can weaken the early detection of new cases of tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection, and contribute to maintaining the transmission of the disease. Given the importance of CHWs for this practice, and considering that they are an important link between the community and the health team, it is recommended that they be properly trained for the early identification of new TB cases and for the proper monitoring of contacts.
Financial costs of families in childhood cancer care: an integrative review
Authors: Lopes Teodora Ferreira , Neris Rhyquelle Rhibna , Lucca Milena de , André Tatiane Geralda , Araújo Jeferson Santos , Nascimento Lucila Castanheira
Published: October 2024

Abstract Objective To analyze evidence on the financial costs of families caring for children and adolescents during cancer treatment. Methods Integrative review with searches conducted in the PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases. Articles published in Portuguese, Spanish and English, in the last ten years, with different study designs and that addressed the topic, were considered. For the searches, the controlled descriptors MeSH were used, for the titles CINAHL and EMTREE, their synonyms and keywords, linked by Boolean operators AND and OR. Results Twenty-two articles were included. The results were described in the following categories: Direct costs (medical and non-medical); and Indirect costs (parental employment status and family income). Medical costs are those associated with hospitalizations, treatment and diagnosis. The main elements responsible for non-medical expenses were travel, food and accommodation. The impact on families’ employment situation is a consequence of the high demand for care imposed on caregivers for childhood cancer treatment. As a result of the change in work situation, families need to deal with the risk and consequences of a decrease or loss of income. Conclusion The results indicate that families bear direct and indirect medical expenses as well as non-health-related costs resulting from the disease. Furthermore, they are affected by indirect costs, such as lost productivity, impact and changes in employment, which significantly reduces income.
Estratégias educativas para prevenção de infecções femininas no presídio: revisão de escopo
Authors: Lima Fabiane da Silva Severino , Costa Nicolau da , Soares Paula Renata Amorim Lessa , Ribeiro Samila Gomes , Lima Francisca Elisângela Teixeira , Almeida Cristiana Brasil de , Pinheiro Ana Karina Bezerra
Published: October 2024

Resumo Objetivo Identificar e mapear as principais estratégias educativas para prevenção de infecções do trato reprodutor feminino no sistema prisional. Métodos Revisão de escopo, realizada conforme a recomendações do Joanna Briggs Institute, com pesquisa nas bases de dados MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Library, LILACS, SCOPUS, Science Direct, Embase; Google Scholar e Proquest, durante o período de 23 a 29 de maio de 2023. Utilizou-se o instrumento Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) para o fluxograma de busca e seleção dos artigos da revisão. Foram incluídos todos os títulos que seguiram a estratégia PCC: População mulheres com idade a partir dos 18 anos. Conceito uso de estratégias educativas para prevenção de ITR feminino. Contexto sistema prisional, com cumprimento de pena em regime fechado. Foram excluídos aqueles que contemplaram estratégia educativa realizada para homens cisgênero ou com mulheres que já possuíam o diagnóstico de ITR. Resultados Foram selecionados 13 estudos publicados entre 1995 e 2023, com predomínio de estratégias educativas voltadas para prevenção de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis, principalmente causadas pelo Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana. As estratégias educativas priorizaram ações educativas grupais, estratégia de dramatização e técnica da abordagem comportamental, utilizando os seguintes recursos educativos: panfletos, cartilhas, cartazes, livro de desenhos animados, simuladores de órgãos genitais, vídeos e jogos. Conclusão As sessões educativas coletivas foram as mais evidenciadas na literatura para prevenção de infecções, predominantemente, sexualmente transmissíveis, com escassos estudos de prevenção de vaginites ou vaginoses.
Importance of the Hemoglobin Glycation Index for Risk of Cardiovascular and Microvascular Complications and Mortality in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Cardoso Claudia Regina Lopes , Leite Nathalie Carvalho , Salles Gil Fernando
Published: October 2024

Background: This study investigated the prognostic importance of the hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) for macrovascular and microvascular outcomes, mortality, and hypoglycemia occurrence in a type 2 diabetes cohort and compared it to glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c).Methods: Baseline and mean first-year HGI and HbA1c, and the variability thereof, were assessed in 687 individuals with type 2 diabetes (median follow-up, 10.6 years). Multivariable Cox regression was conducted to evaluate the associations of HGI and HbA1c parameters with macrovascular (total and major cardiovascular events) and microvascular outcomes (microalbuminuria, advanced renal failure, retinopathy, and peripheral neuropathy), mortality (all-cause and cardiovascular), and moderate/severe hypoglycemia occurrence.Results: During follow-up, there were 215 total cardiovascular events (176 major) and 269 all-cause deaths (131 cardiovascular). Microalbuminuria developed in 126 patients, renal failure in 104, retinopathy in 161, and neuropathy in 177. There were 90 hypoglycemia episodes. Both HGI and HbA1c predicted all adverse outcomes, except microalbuminuria and hypoglycemia. Their adjusted risks were roughly equivalent for all outcomes. For example, the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), estimated for 1 standard deviation increments, of mean first-year HGI were 1.23 (1.05 to 1.44), 1.20 (1.03 to 1.38), 1.36 (1.11 to 1.67), 1.28 (1.09 to 1.67), and 1.29 (1.09 to 1.54), respectively, for cardiovascular events, all-cause mortality, renal failure, retinopathy, and neuropathy; whereas the respective HRs (95% CIs) of mean HbA1c were 1.31 (1.12 to 1.53), 1.28 (1.11 to 1.48), 1.36 (1.11 to 1.67), 1.33 (1.14 to 1.55), and 1.29 (1.09 to 1.53).Conclusion: HGI was no better than HbA1c as a predictor of adverse outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes, and its clinical use cannot be currently advised.
Analysis of the Morphometric Characteristics of Wadi Rajil in the Azraq Basin using Geographic Information Systems
Authors: Marei Ibtisam , Al-Shabe Bouroj
Published: October 2024

The study aimed to Analyse the Hydrometric Characteristics of Wadi Rajil basin and assess the flood hazards in the basin using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems Techniques. The study used Models of Digital Visualizations of the basin and processed them using ARC GIS 10.5 and ARC HYDRO TOOLS. The result was that the Hypsometric Coefficient reached (21.4%) of the valley area that was exposed to erosion and (78.6%) of it is still waiting for its turn to erosion, indicating that the valley has reached the stage of youth. The analysis of Hot Spots in the GIS program resulted in negative values for internal Drainage Basins greater than -0.5 extending to the northern and northwestern parts of the basin. It also showed that the flow coefficient exceeds the internal Drainage Coefficient or Leakage. As for the positive values, they are distributed in the southern and southeastern parts, where the (Hot) values prevail and where the leakage coefficient exceeds the Flow Coefficient. We find that the Hot Spots are concentrated in the southeastern parts, which are mostly extended. The Rift and thus the most suitable areas for Groundwater Charging through it.
Artificial Intelligence in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: Bridging the Gap between Technology and Clinical Practice a Narrative Review
Authors: Singh Amar , Haridas Aswathy , Shenoy Vandana , Afradh Mohamed
Published: October 2024

Objective: To provide a comprehensive overview of current applications and future prospects of artificial intelligence (AI) in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS), while critically analyzing implementation challenges and exploring potential advancements.  Methods A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase databases, encompassing English-language articles up to December 30, 2023. Search terms combined OMFS and AI concepts, with database-specific syntax employed.  Results AI applications in OMFS span multiple domains, including image analysis, surgical planning, intraoperative guidance, and clinical decision support. Deep learning models have demonstrated high accuracy in detecting mandibular fractures, performing cephalometric analyses, and classifying maxillofacial pathologies. AI-enhanced surgical planning and robotic systems show promise in improving precision and outcomes across various OMFS procedures. However, challenges persist in data quality, clinical validation, and seamless workflow integration.  Conclusions AI technologies have the potential to significantly enhance diagnostic accuracy, surgical precision, and treatment outcomes in OMFS. Future research directions include developing multimodal AI systems, advancing AI-powered surgical navigation, and exploring federated learning approaches. Successful implementation of AI in OMFS practice will require collaborative efforts among clinicians, researchers, engineers, and policymakers to address technical, ethical, and regulatory challenges. As these hurdles are overcome, AI is poised to become an integral part of OMFS, augmenting surgical capabilities and elevating patient care standards.
Implementation of a Chatbot System (College Enquiry)
Authors: Dutta Soumdeep , Karthikayani K.
Published: October 2024

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence has led to the development of more sophisticated chatbots capable of enhancing user interactions. This project presents a chatbot system that integrates speech recognition with traditional text input, enabling users to interact through both voice and text. Using NLP techniques such as tokenization, lemmatization, and part-of-speech tagging, the system effectively processes user inputs to match predefined intents stored in a JSON file. By integrating Google’s Speech-to-Text API, this chatbot dynamically processes voice commands, offering an improved, flexible user experience. The system is easily adaptable to various domains through the update of intents, providing a robust solution for dynamic, real-time conversational agents.
Use of Targeted Biologic Therapies in Asthma: Current Practice in India
Authors: Choubey Abhinav
Published: October 2024

Asthma remains a significant public health issue in India, with a growing number of patients experiencing severe and uncontrolled forms of the disease. Targeted biologic therapies, including omalizumab, mepolizumab, benralizumab, reslizumab, and dupilumab, have emerged as advanced treatment options for patients with severe asthma, especially those with allergic or eosinophilic phenotypes. These therapies work by targeting specific immunological pathways involved in asthma pathogenesis, offering better symptom control and reducing exacerbation rates. However, the high cost of biologics, limited access, and inconsistent insurance coverage pose significant barriers to their widespread use in India. Despite these challenges, real-world data from Indian studies demonstrate promising clinical outcomes with biologic therapies in patients with difficult-to-treat asthma. This review examines the current landscape of biologic use in India, challenges related to cost and accessibility, and future prospects for integrating these treatments into routine asthma care, particularly through cost- reduction strategies and expanded healthcare coverage.
An Effective Alternative to Current Mathematics
Authors: Abbas Ismail
Published: October 2024

If you don't understand mathematics, ask yourself if I'm right, because others don't understand mathematics either. By effective alternative to current mathematics, we mean working in a more complete mathematical space than the classical 3D+t variety which is inadequate for generating well-defined definitions and hypotheses as well as its limited ability to solve time-dependent partial differential equations. The current classical discrete 3D+t space PDE, in which time is an external controller and not integrated into the 3D geometric space, cannot be integrated digitally. This space is logically incomplete and misleading in the production of definitions and hypotheses as well as in the resolution itself of time- dependent PDEs. It is no wonder that these definitions/assumptions are confusing and result in weak or intractable mathematics, leading to all kinds of misunderstandings, from horrible notations to undisciplined length of theorems containing a considerable amount of black magic and ending with a gray nature of the mathematical result obtained. In this article, we present some of the most inaccurate assumptions and definitions in current classical mathematics that arise from using the 3D+t manifold space to specify initial conditions, boundary conditions, and the source/sink term. Fortunately, these inaccurate assumptions that start with inadequate space for boundary conditions, initial conditions, and source/sink term can be spotted and analyzed via 4D unitary numerical statistical theory called Cairo techniques in the format of transition chains of matrix B to complete what is missing. In other words, we present how to spot some of the worst mathematical conclusions of classical 3D geometry plus t as an external control numerical space, and then show how to correct them via the 4D unit space which is the subject of this article.
A Study on the Influence of Social Support and Work Engagement on Secondary Teachers’ Occupational Well-being in Sulaymaniyah-Iraq
Authors: Jamil Mahmood Abdaljalil , Tao Deng
Published: October 2024

The educational system in Sulaymaniyah, Iraq, faces significant challenges due to political instability, economic hardships, and conflict. These factors contribute to the stress and burnout experienced by secondary school teachers, affecting their occupational well-being. This research aims to investigate the relationship between social support and work engagement on teachers' occupational well-being, with the objectives of understanding how these factors interact and proposing strategies to enhance teachers' occupational well-being. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study utilized the Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire, the NIOSH Questionnaire, and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale to collect quantitative data from 120 secondary school teachers in Sulaymaniyah. Qualitative data were gathered through semi- structured interviews with a subset of 15 participants. The data were analyzed using SPSS 25 software for quantitative analysis and thematic analysis for qualitative insights. The results revealed a positive correlation between social support and work engagement with teachers' occupational well-being. Work engagement was found to mediate the relationship between social support and occupational well-being. Teachers expressed that a supportive work environment, opportunities for professional growth, and recognition contribute significantly to their job satisfaction and overall well-being. To promote teachers' occupational well-being, it is recommended that schools and policymakers focus on creating a supportive work culture, providing opportunities for professional development, and recognizing teachers' efforts. Implementing mentorship programs, facilitating collaborative learning communities, and offering incentives can further enhance teachers' work engagement and occupational well-being.
Gemini High-resolution Optical Spectrograph (GHOST) at Gemini South: Instrument Performance and Integration, First Science, and Next Steps
Authors: Kalari V. M. , Diaz R. J. , Robertson G. , McConnachie A. , Ireland M. , Salinas R. , Young P. , Simpson C. , Hayes C. , Nielsen J. , Burley G. , Pazder J. , Gomez-Jimenez M. , Martioli E. , Howell S. B. , Jeong M. , Juneau S. , Ruiz-Carmona R. , Margheim S. , Sheinis A. , Anthony A. , Baker G. , Berg T. A. M. , Cao T. , Chapin E. , Chin T. , Chiboucas K. , Churilov V. , Deibert E. , Densmore A. , Dunn J. , Edgar M. L. , Heo J. , Henderson D. , Farrell T. , Font J. , Firpo V. , Fuentes J. , Labrie K. , Lambert S. , Lawrence J. , Lothrop J. , McDermid R. , Miller B. W. , Perez G. , Placco V. M. , Prado P. , Quiroz C. , Ramos F. , Rutten R. , Silva K. M. G. , Thomas-Osip J. , Urrutia C. , Vacca W. D. , Venn K. , Waller F. , Waller L. , White M. , Xu S. , Zhelem R.
Published: October 2024

The Gemini South telescope is now equipped with a new high-resolution spectrograph called the Gemini High-resolution Optical SpecTrograph (GHOST). This instrument provides high-efficiency, high-resolution spectra covering 347–1060 nm in a single exposure of either one or two targets simultaneously, along with precision radial velocity spectroscopy utilizing an internal calibration source. It can operate at a spectral element resolving power of either 76,000 or 56,000, and can reach a signal-to-noise ratio of ∼5 in a 1 hr exposure on a V ∼ 20.8 mag target in median site seeing and dark skies (per resolution element). GHOST was installed on-site in 2022 June, and we report performance after full integration to queue operations in 2023 November, in addition to scientific results enabled by the integration observing runs. These results demonstrate the ability to observe a wide variety of bright and faint targets with high efficiency and precision. With GHOST, new avenues to explore high-resolution spectroscopy have opened up to the astronomical community. These are described, along with the planned and potential upgrades to the instrument.
Gradient Technique Theory: Tracing Magnetic Field and Obtaining Magnetic Field Strength
Authors: Lazarian Alex , Yuen Ka Ho , Pogosyan Dmitri
Published: October 2024

The gradient technique is a promising tool with theoretical foundations based on the fundamental properties of MHD turbulence and turbulent reconnection. Its various incarnations use spectroscopic, synchrotron, and intensity data to trace the magnetic field and measure the media magnetization in terms of Alfvén Mach number. We provide an analytical theory of gradient measurements and quantify the effects of averaging gradients along the line of sight and over the plane of the sky. We derive analytical expressions that relate the properties of gradient distribution with the Alfvén Mach number M
A. We show that these measurements can be combined with measures of sonic Mach number or line broadening to obtain the magnetic field strength. The corresponding technique has advantages to the Davis–Chandrasekhar–Fermi way of obtaining the magnetic field strength.
The Mean Free Path of 13–64 MeV Protons Derived from Statistical Results of Solar Energetic Particle Events
Authors: Zhong 仲 Yushui 雨水 , Wang 汪 Yang 洋 , Qin 秦 Gang 刚
Published: October 2024

A recent study by Wang et al. investigated gradual solar proton events with energies >10 MeV, as observed by STEREO-A, STEREO-B, and the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory spacecraft. For each event, the spacecraft with the best magnetic connection to the source region among the three spacecraft was identified, and energetic proton intensities observed by the spacecraft were analyzed through fitting. The fitting process produced two parameters, b and c, for four energy channels (13–16 MeV, 20–25 MeV, 32–40 MeV, and 40–64 MeV) in each event. Parameters b and c govern the rise and decay of particle intensities, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed a power-law correlation between b and c, expressed as c ∼ b
−γ
. In this study, in order to explain the relation between the two parameters, we investigate the model of particle diffusion coefficients in the interplanetary space. In our simulations, the radial mean free path is modeled as a power function of radial distance, successfully reproducing the b–c relation. Consequently, the observations demonstrate that the radial mean free path varies with radial distance in a power law. In future research, the model of diffusion coefficients holds promise in determining the mean free path of energetic protons.
A Study of Stochastic Low-frequency Variability for Galactic O-type Stars
Authors: Shen Dong-Xiang , Zhu Chun-Hua , Lü Guo-Liang , Lu Xi-zhen , He Xiao-long
Published: October 2024

In order to explore how the ubiquitous stochastic low-frequency (SLF) variability of O-type stars is related to various stellar characteristics, we compiled a sample of 150 O-type stars observed via ground-based spectroscopic surveys, alongside photometric data obtained from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). We analyzed 298 light curves obtained from TESS Sectors 1–65 for the stars in our sample. Leveraging the spectroscopic parameters, we used Bonnsai to determine masses, radii, fractional main-sequence ages, and mass-loss rates for stars of our sample. Subsequently, we identified possible correlations between the fitted parameters of SLF variability and stellar properties. Our analysis unveiled four significant correlations between the amplitude and stellar parameters, including mass, radius, fractional main-sequence ages, and mass-loss rate. For stars with ≳30 M
⊙, we observed a decrease in characteristic frequency and steepness with increasing radius. Finally, we compared various physical processes that may account for the SLF variability with our results. The observed SLF variability may arise from the combined effects of the iron convection zone (FeCZ) and internal gravity waves (IGWs), with IGWs potentially more dominant in the early stages of stellar evolution, and the contribution of FeCZ becoming more significant as stars evolve. Meanwhile, our results indicate that the SLF variability of O-type stars bears certain signatures of the line-driven wind instability and granulation.
GOALS-JWST: Constraining the Emergence Timescale for Massive Star Clusters in NGC 3256
Authors: Linden Sean T. , Lai Thomas , Evans Aaron S. , Armus Lee , Larson Kirsten L. , Rich Jeffrey A. , U Vivian , Privon George C. , Inami Hanae , Song Yiqing , Bianchin Marina , Bohn Thomas , Buiten Victorine A. , Sanchez-García Maria , Kader Justin , Lenkić Laura , Medling Anne M. , Böker Torsten , Díaz-Santos Tanio , Charmandaris Vassilis , Barcos-Muñoz Loreto , van der Werf Paul , Stierwalt Sabrina , Aalto Susanne , Appleton Philip , Hayward Christopher C. , Howell Justin H. , Malkan Matthew A. , Mazzarella Joseph M. , Murphy Eric J. , Surace Jason
Published: October 2024

We present the results of a James Webb Space Telescope NIRCam and NIRSpec investigation into the young massive star cluster (YMC) population of NGC 3256, the most cluster-rich luminous infrared galaxy in the Great Observatories All Sky LIRG Survey. We detect 3061 compact YMC candidates with a signal-to-noise ratio ≥3 at F150W, F200W, and F335M. Based on yggdrasil stellar population models, we identify 116/3061 sources with F150W – F200W > 0.47 and F200W – F355M > −1.37 colors, suggesting that they are young (t ≤ 5 Myr), dusty (A

V
= 5−15), and massive (M
⊙ > 105). This increases the sample of dust-enshrouded YMCs detected in this system by an order of magnitude relative to previous Hubble Space Telescope studies. With NIRSpec integral field unit pointings centered on the northern and southern nucleus, we extract the Paα and 3.3 μm polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) equivalent widths for eight bright and isolated YMCs. Variations in both the F200W – F335M color and 3.3 μm PAH emission with the Paα line strength suggest a rapid dust clearing (<3−4 Myr) for the emerging YMCs in the nuclei of NGC 3256. Finally, with both the age and dust emission accurately measured, we use yggdrasil to derive the color excess (E(B − V)) for all eight YMCs. We demonstrate that YMCs with strong 3.3 μm PAH emission (F200W – F335M > 0) correspond to sources with E(B − V) > 3, which are typically missed in UV-optical studies. This underscores the importance of deep near-infrared imaging for finding and characterizing these very young and dust-embedded sources.
Epidemiological Characteristics of Patients With Juvenile Dermatomyositis in China: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Liu Xuanyi , Zhang Junmei , Xu Hui , Kuang Weiying , Deng Jianghong , Tan Xiaohua , Li Chao , Li Shipeng , Xue Yuan , Feng Guoshuang , Li Caifeng
Published: October 2024

Objective

Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is a rare but chronic autoimmune disease with systemic nonsuppurative inflammation. Many studies have focused on the clinical characteristics and therapy of JDM. Whereas a few studies have reported the epidemiological characteristics and social burden of patients with JDM internationally, no study has been performed in China to date.

Methods

This study was based on the Futang Updating Medical Records (FUTURE) database. Data were extracted from registry information in inpatient medical records. The epidemiological characteristics and economic burden of Chinese patients with JDM were analyzed.

Results

A total of 1164 patients with JDM from 24 hospitals were enrolled from January 2016 to December 2021. The ratio of boys to girls was 1:1.23, and half were between 6 and 12 years old. Over half (n = 629) were admitted to the hospital at least twice for intensive treatment. In total, 20.02% of patients with JDM had lung involvement and 2.23% experienced subcutaneous calcification. The median number days of hospitalization was 10 (IQR 6-14), whereas the median hospitalization expense was US $2370.50 (IQR 1373.70- 3541.90). Lung involvement was the most frequent complication, causing high inpatient burden, length of stay, and expense. Nearly 17% of patients with JDM were admitted to the hospital as emergencies, suggesting a severe disease activity stage requiring urgent treatment. No deaths occurred in our study.

Conclusion

In our study, we analyzed the epidemiological characteristics and social burden of patients with JDM in China, contributing to the enhanced comprehension and effective management of JDM in the country.
Trends in Anxiety and Depression Among Individuals With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Giblon Rachel E. , Achenbach Sara J. , Myasoedova Elena , Davis John M. , Kronzer Vanessa L. , Bobo William V. , Crowson Cynthia S.
Published: October 2024

Objective

To investigate trends in depression and anxiety over 3 decades among individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

Patients with incident RA (age ≥ 18 years, meeting 1987 American College of Rheumatology criteria between 1985 and 2014) were identified using the Rochester Epidemiology Project. Individuals with RA were matched 1:1 with non-RA comparators on age, sex, and calendar year of RA incidence. Patients were followed until death, migration, or December 31, 2020. Depression and anxiety were defined using established International Classification of Diseases, 9th and 10th revision code sets. Cox models were used to compare trends in the occurrence of depression and anxiety diagnoses and cooccurring anxiety and depression by decade and RA status, adjusted for potential confounders.

Results

The study included 1012 individuals with RA and 1012 matched controls (mean age 55.9 years, 68.38% female). Hazard ratios (HRs) demonstrated a temporal increase in anxiety and cooccurring anxiety and depression from 2005-2014 compared to 1985-1994 for individuals both with and without RA. Persons with RA exhibited a rising occurrence of anxiety (HR 1.27, 95% CI 0.86-1.88) and concomitant anxiety and depression (HR 1.49, 95% CI 0.96-2.33) compared to controls. Trends were most pronounced in seropositive patients with RA (anxiety: HR 4.01, 95% CI 2.21-7.30).

Conclusion

Anxiety and concomitant anxiety and depression diagnoses are elevated in individuals with RA. The increasing occurrence of anxiety and cooccurring anxiety and depression suggests rising awareness and diagnosis of these disorders. Adding to stable but high rates of depression diagnoses, individuals with RA now have evidence of a widening gap in mental health diagnoses that clinicians should address.