bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A clozapine-induced hypersensitivity reaction
Authors: Curtis L. , Hallahan B. , Byrne F.
Published: October 2017

A 57-year-old female patient with a diagnosis of schizo-affective disorder since 1986 was commenced on clozapine due to persistent positive and negative psychotic symptoms in September 2014. After commencement of clozapine she was delusion free and demonstrated an improvement in negative symptoms. Three months after commencement of clozapine she developed a hypersensitivity reaction. Her symptoms continued to deteriorate despite being prescribed an anti-histamine. Clozapine was discontinued 6 days after the appearance of a generalised pruritic rash, as it was believed to be the probable cause. There was complete resolution of symptoms 1 week after discontinuation of clozapine. Clozapine was replaced with olanzapine and amisulpride. There has been no similar cutaneous or allergic reactions for the past 30 months.
Tomographic PIV investigation on 3D wake structures for flow over a wall-mounted short cylinder
Authors: Zhu Hang-Yu , Wang Cheng-Yue , Wang Hong-Ping , Wang Jin-Jun
Published: October 2017

Tomographic particle image velocimetry (TPIV) measurement with six high-resolution charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras is conducted to investigate flow structures over a finite circular cylinder with an aspect ratio of 2 ($h/d=2$). This short wall-mounted cylinder is fully immersed in a thick turbulent boundary layer ($\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}/h=1.025$). Focus is placed on the three-dimensional instantaneous vortex structures and their dynamic characteristics in the wake flow fields. Based on the present results, a refined topological model of the mean wake field behind the finite circular cylinder is proposed, where the spatial locations of the typical vortex structures and their interactions are described in more detail. Among the reported typical vortex structures (i.e. the horseshoe, tip, base, trailing and arch vortex), emphasis is laid on discussion of the tip and arch vortex. The instantaneous 3D M-shape arch vortex and an alternating large-scale streamwise vortex are first found in the present experiment, and their developments are also discussed. Therefore, it is suggested that the instantaneous finite-cylinder wake is dominated by the arch vortex system and the large-scale streamwise vortices. Moreover, in the instantaneous volumetric flow fields, both the antisymmetric and the symmetric wake behaviours are observed. With proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) analysis, the dynamic characteristics of the wake field are clarified. Different from the flow around an infinite cylinder without control, the third and fourth POD modes are characterized by low-frequency symmetric shedding. The low-frequency feature shown in the second mode pair is observed and associated with the occurrence of instantaneous symmetric 3D wake behaviour triggered by the low-aspect-ratio effect and the extension of the separated shear layer. The low frequency seems be attributed to the flapping phenomenon, i.e. oscillation of the recirculation in the backward-facing step flow. It is found that the flapping motion has a modulating effect on the occurrence of the antisymmetric shedding vortex and thus the large-scale streamwise vortex.
Population balance equation for turbulent polydispersed inertial droplets and particles
Authors: Salehi F. , Cleary M. J. , Masri A. R.
Published: October 2017

This paper presents a probability density function (PDF) form of the population balance equation (PBE) for polysized and polyshaped droplets and solid particles in turbulent flows. A key contribution of this paper lies in the inclusion of an explicit consideration of the inertial effects and the shape of particles in the PDF-PBE formulation. The number density is taken as a function of droplet or particle size (volume) and shape as well as space and time. Potentially, other particle properties could also be included in the formulation. Inertial effects are quantified through the Stokes number, leading to accurate modelling of the different trajectories that are followed by droplets and/or particles with different sizes and shapes. To treat these effects, a new affordable approach is proposed and referred to as the method of Stokes binning. Here, the inertial dispersed elements are accelerated due to fluid dynamic forces associated with an averaged Stokes number in each bin. The model is validated against two data sets. The first data set includes a series of numerical test cases involving the injection of polyshaped droplets ranging in size from 1 to 50 $\unicode[STIX]{x03BC}\text{m}$ into a turbulent jet resulting in inlet Stokes numbers ranging from 0.03 to 75.2. The second data set consists of an experimental case focusing on the dispersion of 60 and 90 $\unicode[STIX]{x03BC}\text{m}$ spherical droplets in a turbulent round jet, resulting in inlet Stokes numbers of 53 and 122, respectively. The results confirm the ability of the approach to accurately model the polysized and polyshaped droplet dispersion using as few as eight Stokes bins. This approach has the potential to greatly reduce the computational cost of modelling the evolution of inertial droplets and particles in turbulent flows.
A numerical investigation of the asymmetric wake mode of a squareback Ahmed body – effect of a base cavity
Authors: Lucas J.-M. , Cadot O. , Herbert V. , Parpais S. , Délery J.
Published: October 2017

Numerical simulations of the turbulent flow over the flat backed Ahmed model at Reynolds number $Re\simeq 4\times 10^{5}$ are conducted using a lattice Boltzmann solver to clarify the mean topology of the static symmetry-breaking mode of the wake. It is shown that the recirculation region is occupied by a skewed low pressure torus, whose part closest to the body is responsible for an extra low pressure imprint on the base. Shedding of one-sided vortex loops is also reported, indicating global quasi-periodic dynamics in conformity with the seminal work of Grandemange et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 722, 2013, pp. 51–84). Despite the limited low frequency resolution of the simulation, power spectra of the lateral velocity fluctuations at different locations corroborate the presence of this quasi-periodic mode at a Strouhal number of $St=0.16\pm 0.03$. A shallow base cavity of $5\,\%$ of the body height reduces the drag coefficient by $3\,\%$ but keeps the recirculating torus and its interaction with the base mostly unchanged. The drag reduction lies in a global constant positive shift of the base pressure distribution. For a deep base cavity of $33\,\%$ of the body height, a drag reduction of $9.5\,\%$ is obtained. It is accompanied by a large elongation of the recirculation inside the cavity that considerably attenuates the low pressure sources therein together with a symmetrization of the low pressure torus. The global quasi-periodic mode is found to be inhibited by the cavity.
The Need For and Acceptance of a Suicide Postvention Support Service for Australian Secondary Schools
Authors: Rickwood Debra , Telford Nic , Kennedy Vanessa , Bailey Eleanor , Robinson Jo
Published: October 2017

Suicide-related behaviours are relatively common among school-aged young people, and schools are an appropriate setting for activities that aim to prevent and assist recovery after suicide. headspace School Support is a specialist service that assists Australian secondary schools to be prepared for and recover from suicide. Through the responses of secondary school personnel to two surveys, this study explored awareness of and need for such services (n= 214), and satisfaction with and impacts of the service (n= 359). Findings indicate that most schools are aware of headspace School Support and regard specialised suicide support as needed. Most respondents indicated that the service increased their perceived knowledge, skills, and capacity in managing suicide issues, and reported satisfaction was high. Continued availability of suicide support to secondary schools is warranted.
Approaching quadratic equations from a right angle
Authors: Leung King-Shun
Published: October 2017

The theory of quadratic equations (with real coefficients) is an important topic in the secondary school mathematics curriculum. Usually students are taught to solve a quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 (a ≠ 0) algebraically (by factorisation, completing the square, quadratic formula), graphically (by plotting the graph of the quadratic polynomial y = ax2 + bx + c to find the x-intercepts, if any), and numerically (by the bisection method or Newton-Raphson method). Less well-known is that we can indeed solve a quadratic equation geometrically (by geometric construction tools such as a ruler and compasses, R&C for short). In this article we describe this approach. A more comprehensive discussion on geometric approaches to quadratic equations can be found in [1]. We have also gained much insight from [2] to develop our methods. The tool we use is a set square rather than the more common R&C. But the methods to be presented here can also be carried out with R&C. We choose a set square because it is more convenient (one tool is used instead of two).
Closed form expressions for two harmonic continued fractions
Authors: Bunder Martin , Tonien Joseph
Published: October 2017

A continued fraction is an expression of the form

The expression can continue for ever, in which case it is called an infinite continued fraction, or it can stop after some term, when we call it a finite continued fraction. For irrational numbers, a continued fraction expansion often reveals beautiful number patterns which remain obscured in their decimal expansion. The interested reader is referred to [1] for a collection of many interesting continued fractions for famous mathematical constants.
The Ebb and Flow of Copper and Iron Smelting in the South Caucasus
Authors: Erb-Satullo Nathaniel L , Gilmour Brian J J , Khakhutaishvili Nana
Published: October 2017

The Eastern Black Sea region of the South Caucasus contains an extremely rich record of metallurgical remains that is poorly known outside of the former Soviet Union. Large numbers of relatively small smelting sites dot the foothill regions, forming a dispersed, yet large-scale metallurgical landscape. New fieldwork in the region has followed up on earlier Soviet period research, relocating and reanalyzing previously known sites and identifying new ones. This paper presents a series of 33 radiocarbon (14C) dates from copper and iron smelting sites in this region. Dates from copper smelting sites suggest that copper smelting occurred over a shorter and more intense period than previously thought, between about 1300 and 800 BC. Dates from newly discovered iron smelting sites place these activities in two episodes during the Classical-Hellenistic period (ca. 500–200 BC) and the High Medieval period (ca. AD 1050–1400). The dramatic expansion in bronze production immediately prior to the adoption of iron mirrors patterns in other regions of Europe and the Near East, and has implications for understanding the economic contexts in which iron emerged. While the new dates from iron smelting sites provide only an initial outline of the iron production chronology in the region, they represent an important step for resolving outstanding issues from previous investigations.
Cold acclimation increases cold tolerance independently of diapause programing in the bean bug, Riptortus pedestris
Authors: Rozsypal J. , Moos M. , Goto S.G.
Published: October 2017

The bean bug (Riptortus pedestris) is a pest of soybeans and other legumes in Japan and other Asian countries. It enters a facultative adult diapause on exposure to short days. While photoperiodism and diapause are well understood in R. pedestris, knowledge of cold tolerance is very limited, as is information on the effect of diapause on cold tolerance. We examined the effect of photoperiod, cold acclimation, and feeding status on cold tolerance in R. pedestris. We found that cold acclimation significantly increased survival at −10°C in both long- and short-day adult R. pedestris. Since the difference in cold survival between long- and short-day cold-acclimated groups was only marginal, we conclude that entering diapause is not crucial for R. pedestris to successfully pass through cold acclimation and become cold tolerant. We observed similar effects in 5th instar nymphs, with both long- and short-day cold-acclimated groups surviving longer cold exposures compared with non-acclimated groups. Starvation, which was tested only in adult bugs, had only a negligible and negative impact on cold survival. Although cold tolerance significantly increased with cold acclimation in adult bugs, supercooling capacity unexpectedly decreased. Our results suggest that changes in supercooling capacity as well as in water content are unrelated to cold tolerance in R. pedestris. An analysis of metabolites revealed differences between the treatments, and while several metabolites markedly increased with cold acclimation, their concentrations were too low to have a significant effect on cold tolerance.
Does skeletal muscle carnitine availability influence fuel selection during exercise?
Authors: Stephens Francis B.
Published: October 2017

Fat and carbohydrate are the major fuel sources utilised for oxidative, mitochondrial ATP resynthesis during human skeletal muscle contraction. The relative contribution of these two substrates to ATP resynthesis and total energy expenditure during exercise can vary substantially, and is predominantly determined by fuel availability and exercise intensity and duration. For example, the increased ATP demand that occurs with an increase in exercise intensity is met by increases in both fat and carbohydrate oxidation up to an intensity of approximately 60–70 % of maximal oxygen consumption. When exercise intensity increases beyond this workload, skeletal muscle carbohydrate utilisation is accelerated, which results in a reduction and inhibition of the relative and absolute contribution of fat oxidation to total energy expenditure. However, the precise mechanisms regulating muscle fuel selection and underpinning the decline in fat oxidation remain unclear. This brief review will primarily address the theory that a carbohydrate flux-mediated reduction in the availability of muscle carnitine to the mitochondrial enzyme carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, a rate-limiting step in mitochondrial fat translocation, is a key mechanism for the decline in fat oxidation during high-intensity exercise. This is discussed in relation to recent work in this area investigating fuel metabolism at various exercise intensities and taking advantage of the discovery that skeletal muscle carnitine content can be nutritionally increasedin vivoin human subjects.
In vitroselection ofPhytomonas serpenscells resistant to the calpain inhibitor MDL28170: alterations in fitness and expression of the major peptidases and efflux pumps
Authors: OLIVEIRA SIMONE S. C. , GONÇALVES INÊS C. , ENNES-VIDAL VITOR , LOPES ANGELA H. C. S. , MENNA-BARRETO RUBEM F. S. , D’ÁVILA-LEVY CLAUDIA M. , SANTOS ANDRÉ L. S. , BRANQUINHA MARTA H.
Published: October 2017

The speciesPhytomonas serpensis known to express some molecules displaying similarity to those described in trypanosomatids pathogenic to humans, such as peptidases fromTrypanosoma cruzi(cruzipain) andLeishmaniaspp. (gp63). In this work, a population ofP. serpensresistant to the calpain inhibitor MDL28170 at 70µm(MDLRpopulation) was selected by culturing promastigotes in increasing concentrations of the drug. The only relevant ultrastructural difference between wild-type (WT) and MDLRpromastigotes was the presence of microvesicles within the flagellar pocket of the latter. MDLRpopulation also showed an increased reactivity to anti-cruzipain antibody as well as a higher papain-like proteolytic activity, while the expression of calpain-like molecules cross-reactive to anti-Dm-calpain (fromDrosophila melanogaster) antibody and calcium-dependent cysteine peptidase activity were decreased. Gp63-like molecules also presented a diminished expression in MDLRpopulation, which is probably correlated to the reduction in the parasite adhesion to the salivary glands of the insect vectorOncopeltus fasciatus. A lower accumulation of Rhodamine 123 was detected in MDLRcells when compared with the WT population, a phenotype that was reversed when MDLRcells were treated with cyclosporin A and verapamil. Collectively, our results may help in the understanding of the roles of calpain inhibitors in trypanosomatids.
Effects of between-person differences and within-person changes in symptoms of anxiety and depression on older age cognitive performance
Authors: Laukka E. J. , Dykiert D. , Allerhand M. , Starr J. M. , Deary I. J.
Published: October 2017

Background

Anxiety and depression are both important correlates of cognitive function. However, longitudinal studies investigating how they covary with cognition within the same individual are scarce. We aimed to simultaneously estimate associations of between-person differences and within-person variability in anxiety and depression with cognitive performance in a sample of non-demented older people.

Methods

Participants in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1921 study, a population-based narrow-age sample (mean age at wave 1 = 79 years, n = 535), were examined on five occasions across 13 years. Anxiety and depression were measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and cognitive performance was assessed with tests of reasoning, logical memory, and letter fluency. Data were analyzed using two-level linear mixed-effects models with within-person centering.

Results

Divergent patterns were observed for anxiety and depression. For anxiety, between-person differences were more influential; people who scored higher on HADS anxiety relative to other same-aged individuals demonstrated poorer cognitive performance on average. For depression, on the other hand, time-varying within-person differences were more important; scoring higher than usual on HADS depression was associated with poorer cognitive performance relative to the average level for that participant. Adjusting for gender, childhood mental ability, emotional stability, and disease burden attenuated these associations.

Conclusions

The results from this study highlight the importance of addressing both between- and within-person effects of negative mood and suggest that anxiety and depression affect cognitive function in different ways. The current findings have implications for assessment and treatment of older age cognitive deficits.
Prospective risk factors for post-deployment heavy drinking and alcohol or substance use disorder among US Army soldiers
Authors: Campbell-Sills Laura , Ursano Robert J. , Kessler Ronald C. , Sun Xiaoying , Heeringa Steven G. , Nock Matthew K. , Sampson Nancy A. , Jain Sonia , Stein Murray B.
Published: October 2017

Background

Investigations of drinking behavior across military deployment cycles are scarce, and few prospective studies have examined risk factors for post-deployment alcohol misuse.

Methods

Prevalence of alcohol misuse was estimated among 4645 US Army soldiers who participated in a longitudinal survey. Assessment occurred 1–2 months before soldiers deployed to Afghanistan in 2012 (T0), upon their return to the USA (T1), 3 months later (T2), and 9 months later (T3). Weights-adjusted logistic regression was used to evaluate associations of hypothesized risk factors with post-deployment incidence and persistence of heavy drinking (HD) (consuming 5 + alcoholic drinks at least 1–2×/week) and alcohol or substance use disorder (AUD/SUD).

Results

Prevalence of past-month HD at T0, T2, and T3 was 23.3% (s.e. = 0.7%), 26.1% (s.e. = 0.8%), and 22.3% (s.e. = 0.7%); corresponding estimates for any binge drinking (BD) were 52.5% (s.e. = 1.0%), 52.5% (s.e. = 1.0%), and 41.3% (s.e. = 0.9%). Greater personal life stress during deployment (e.g., relationship, family, or financial problems) – but not combat stress – was associated with new onset of HD at T2 [per standard score increase: adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.20, 95% CI 1.06–1.35, p = 0.003]; incidence of AUD/SUD at T2 (AOR = 1.54, 95% CI 1.25–1.89, p < 0.0005); and persistence of AUD/SUD at T2 and T3 (AOR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.08–1.56, p = 0.005). Any BD pre-deployment was associated with post-deployment onset of HD (AOR = 3.21, 95% CI 2.57–4.02, p < 0.0005) and AUD/SUD (AOR = 1.85, 95% CI 1.27–2.70, p = 0.001).

Conclusions

Alcohol misuse is common during the months preceding and following deployment. Timely intervention aimed at alleviating/managing personal stressors or curbing risky drinking might reduce risk of alcohol-related problems post-deployment.
Eating strategies – a qualitative study of how frail, home-dwelling older people in Denmark develop strategies to form meaningful eating situations
Authors: JENSEN TENNA , GRØNNOW LIV , JESPERSEN ASTRID PERNILLE
Published: October 2017

This article analyses the strategies that frail, home-dwelling older people who receive food from public institutions develop and use during eating situations, to gain an insight into how older people mobilise resources in relation to eating. The analysis is based on semi-structured interviews and participant observation sessions with 25 home-dwelling frail older men and women, aged 72–101, who live in Copenhagen and receive food from the municipality. Like healthier older people, frail older Danes develop and use strategies to create acceptable eating situations. The strategies are linked to the arrangement of the eating situation, their former lives and experience with food and eating, and their perception of their own body. The focus on strategies enables insights into how frail older people manage to mobilise resources to create meaningful eating situations. However, even though they mobilise resources to create and maintain eating strategies, these are not all equally appropriate with regards to supporting a healthy nutritional status. The eating strategies used by frail older people and the resources they entail are key to their experience with eating. Focusing on these strategies is useful when developing public care initiatives as this will precipitate an awareness of the resources of this group and how these are activated and contribute to or detract from a healthy nutritional status and a high quality of life.
Gender Inequalities and Higher Music Education: Comparing the UK and Sweden
Authors: de Boise Sam
Published: October 2017

Whilst the impact of gender inequalities has been studied in relation to music education, especially in the UK, relatively little has been written about their impact on higher music education (HME). This article compares data on HME programs and courses, in the UK and Sweden, from 2010 to 2014. It looks at similarities and differences in the numbers of men and women who applied to HME subjects, compared to those who were offered a place on their chosen program or course, in both nations. Through this it demonstrates that whilst a Swedish HME appears to show less institutional discrimination against women, there are still similar transnational divisions in men's and women's HME subject choices. However the article uses these data to build on existing critiques around a need for intersectional understandings of gender inequalities, before arguing that a critique of neoliberalism is essential to tackling gender inequalities in HME.
Which special functions of bounded deformation have bounded variation?
Authors: Conti Sergio , Focardi Matteo , Iurlano Flaviana
Published: October 2017

Functions of bounded deformation (BD) arise naturally in the study of fracture and damage in a geometrically linear context. They are related to functions of bounded variation (BV), but are less well understood. We discuss here the relation to BV under additional regularity assumptions, which may require the regular part of the strain to have higher integrability or the jump set to have finite area or the Cantor part to vanish. On the positive side, we prove that BD functions that are piecewise affine on a Caccioppoli partition are in GSBV, and we prove that SBDp functions are approximately continuous -almost everywhere away from the jump set. On the negative side, we construct a function that is BD but not in BV and has distributional strain consisting only of a jump part, and one that has a distributional strain consisting of only a Cantor part.
A bifurcation diagram of solutions to an elliptic equation with exponential nonlinearity in higher dimensions
Authors: Kikuchi Hiroaki , Wei Juncheng
Published: October 2017

We consider the following semilinear elliptic equation:

where B1 is the unit ball in ℝd, d ≥ 3, λ > 0 and p > 0. Firstly, following Merle and Peletier, we show that there exists an eigenvalue λp,∞ such that (*) has a solution (λp,∞,Wp) satisfying lim|x|→0Wp(x) = ∞. Secondly, we study a bifurcation diagram of regular solutions to (*). It follows from the result of Dancer that (*) has an unbounded bifurcation branch of regular solutions that emanates from (λ, u) = (0, 0). Here, using the singular solution, we show that the bifurcation branch has infinitely many turning points around λp,∞ when 3 ≤ d ≤ 9. We also investigate the Morse index of the singular solution in the d ≥ 11 case.
Spatial variation of pneumonia hospitalization risk in Twin Cities metro area, Minnesota
Authors: IROH TAM P. Y. , KRZYZANOWSKI B. , OAKES J. M. , KNE L. , MANSON S.
Published: October 2017

Fine resolution spatial variability in pneumonia hospitalization may identify correlates with socioeconomic, demographic and environmental factors. We performed a retrospective study within the Fairview Health System network of Minnesota. Patients 2 months of age and older hospitalized with pneumonia between 2011 and 2015 were geocoded to their census block group, and pneumonia hospitalization risk was analyzed in relation to socioeconomic, demographic and environmental factors. Spatial analyses were performed using Esri's ArcGIS software, and multivariate Poisson regression was used. Hospital encounters of 17 840 patients were included in the analysis. Multivariate Poisson regression identified several significant associations, including a 40% increased risk of pneumonia hospitalization among census block groups with large, compared with small, populations of ⩾65 years, a 56% increased risk among census block groups in the bottom (first) quartile of median household income compared to the top (fourth) quartile, a 44% higher risk in the fourth quartile of average nitrogen dioxide emissions compared with the first quartile, and a 47% higher risk in the fourth quartile of average annual solar insolation compared to the first quartile. After adjusting for income, moving from the first to the second quartile of the race/ethnic diversity index resulted in a 21% significantly increased risk of pneumonia hospitalization. In conclusion, the risk of pneumonia hospitalization at the census-block level is associated with age, income, race/ethnic diversity index, air quality, and solar insolation, and varies by region-specific factors. Identifying correlates using fine spatial analysis provides opportunities for targeted prevention and control.
The geometry of conservative programs
Authors: HAUCOURT EMMANUEL
Published: October 2017

The programs, we consider are written in a restricted form of the language introduced by Dijkstra (1968). A program is said to beconservativewhen each of its loops restores all the resources it consumes. We define the geometric model of such a program and prove that the collection of directed paths on it is a reasonable over-approximation of its set of execution traces. In particular, two directed paths that are close enough with respect to theuniform distanceresult in the same action on the memory states of the system. The same holds forweakly dihomotopicdirected paths. As a by-product, we obtain a notion of independence, which is favourably compared to more common ones. The geometric models actually belong to a handy class oflocal pospaceswhose elements are calledisothetic regions. The local pospaces we use differ from the original ones, we carefully explain why the alternative notion should be preferred. The title intentionally echoes the article by Carson and Reynolds (1987).
‘The Spanish Analogy’: Imagining the Future in State Socialist Hungary, 1948–1989
Authors: MARK JAMES
Published: October 2017

For four decades Spain played an important role in debates over the future of politics, culture and economy in state socialist Hungary, particularly for the left: first as the fascist and underdeveloped ‘other’ against which the state socialist regime legitimised itself, then as a similarly peripheral country that had managed to integrate into global economy, return culturally to Europe and peacefully establish democracy. Close relationships developed between the Spanish socialists and Hungarian communists in the 1980s and offered the latter the hope they would survive any political transition. This article demonstrates the importance of Eastern–Southern European connections – both concrete and imagined – in sustaining, and then overcoming, Europe's post-war divides.
‘Communists are no Beasts’: European Solidarity Campaigns on Behalf of Democracy and Human Rights in Greece and East–West Détente in the 1960s and Early 1970s
Authors: CHRISTIAENS KIM
Published: October 2017

Ever since the collapse of the Greek military regime in 1974 European campaigns over human rights and democracy in Greece have been commonly understood within an anti-totalitarian narrative that has celebrated resistance against both communist dictatorship and right-wing authoritarianism as part of a common journey towards a democratic continent. This article analyses the little-studied history of European solidarity movements with Greece during the 1960s and early 1970s that stretched across both the West and East of the continent. In so doing, it suggests that these campaigns were a facet of the politics of détente and rapprochement that brought together Western and Eastern Europe. Communist peace movements played a central role in these human rights campaigns. This was far from a common anti-totalitarian movement; rather, campaigns for Greece were enmeshed within movements that worked on a wide range of issues – from support for Eastern European dissidents and anti-fascism to world peace and protest against the Vietnam War. Nor were they about ‘a return to Europe’: above all they thrived on common connections in East and West with the Third World.
From Enemies to Allies? Portugal's Carnation Revolution and Czechoslovakia, 1968–1989
Authors: SZOBI PAVEL
Published: October 2017

This article analyses the relationship between Portugal and Czechoslovakia between 1968 and 1989, with a specific focus on the influence of the Carnation Revolution. This analysis includes the Portuguese communist migration to Czechoslovakia, the contact between the Portuguese and Czechoslovak communists during Portugal's transition process, a diplomatic incident in 1982 and the specific conditions within the Portuguese student community at Czech and Slovak universities. The article also explores the fact that Czechoslovak communists, despite hopes that southern Europe might ‘go socialist’, did in fact very little to support communist forces in Portugal after the collapse of the Caetano regime. Likewise, the post-dictatorial governments in Portugal did little to help Eastern European dissidence. Instead, political players in both countries saw each other much more in terms of economic advantage and realpolitik.
Visuospatial Functioning in the Primary Progressive Aphasias
Authors: Watson Christa L. , Possin Katherine , Allen I. Elaine , Hubbard H. Isabel , Meyer Marita , Welch Ariane E. , Rabinovici Gil D. , Rosen Howard , Rankin Katherine P. , Miller Zachary , Santos-Santos Miguel A. , Kramer Joel H. , Miller Bruce L. , Gorno-Tempini Maria Luisa
Published: October 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify whether the three main primary progressive aphasia (PPA) variants would show differential profiles on measures of visuospatial cognition. We hypothesized that the logopenic variant would have the most difficulty across tasks requiring visuospatial and visual memory abilities. Methods: PPA patients (n=156), diagnosed using current criteria, and controls were tested on a battery of tests tapping different aspects of visuospatial cognition. We compared the groups on an overall visuospatial factor; construction, immediate recall, delayed recall, and executive functioning composites; and on individual tests. Cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons were made, adjusted for disease severity, age, and education. Results: The logopenic variant had significantly lower scores on the visuospatial factor and the most impaired scores on all composites. The nonfluent variant had significant difficulty on all visuospatial composites except the delayed recall, which differentiated them from the logopenic variant. In contrast, the semantic variants performed poorly only on delayed recall of visual information. The logopenic and nonfluent variants showed decline in figure copying performance over time, whereas in the semantic variant, this skill was remarkably preserved. Conclusions: This extensive examination of performance on visuospatial tasks in the PPA variants solidifies some previous findings, for example, delayed recall of visual stimuli adds value in differential diagnosis between logopenic variant PPA and nonfluent variant PPA variants, and illuminates the possibility of common mechanisms that underlie both linguistic and non-linguistic deficits in the variants. Furthermore, this is the first study that has investigated visuospatial functioning over time in the PPA variants. (JINS, 2018, 24, 259–268)
A multilingual advantage in the components of working memory
Authors: COCKCROFT KATE , WIGDOROWITZ MANDY , LIVERSAGE LUZANNE
Published: October 2017

This study compared working memory ability in multilingual young adults and their monolingual peers on four components of working memory (verbal and visuospatial storage, verbal and visuospatial processing). The sample comprised 39 monolingual English speakers, and 39 multilinguals, who spoke an African language as their first and third languages, and English as their second language, all with high levels of proficiency. The multilingual young adults came from lower socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds and possessed smaller English vocabularies than the monolinguals, features which make this group an under-researched population. Both when SES and verbal ability were and were not statistically controlled, there was evidence of a multilingual advantage in all of the working memory components, which was most pronounced in visuospatial processing. These findings support evidence from bilinguals showing cognitive advantages beyond inhibitory control, and suggest that multilingualism may influence the executive control system generally.
Prevalence of prediabetes and modifiable factors in an ethnic group of Mexico: the Comcáac Project
Authors: Robles-Ordaz Monica Daniela , Gallegos-Aguilar Ana Cristina , Urquidez-Romero Rene , Diaz-Zavala Rolando Giovanni , Lavandera-Torres Marcos Gerardo , Esparza-Romero Julian
Published: October 2017

Objective

To determine the prevalence of and modifiable factors associated with prediabetes in the Comcáac Indians.

Design

Cross-sectional study where prediabetes was defined using fasting plasma glucose, 2 h plasma glucose and glycated Hb (HbA1c). Physical, anthropometric and biochemical measurements, medical record, socio-economic, dietary and physical activity information were collected. The modifiable factors associated with prediabetes were assessed using multiple logistic regression.

Settings

Comcáac Indian communities of Punta Chueca and El Desemboque, Sonora, Mexico.

Subjects

Adults (n227) aged 20 years or older.

Results

The sex- and age-adjusted prevalence (95 % CI) of prediabetes was 47·1 (40·8, 53·5) % in the overall population; age-adjusted prevalence was 47·3 (35·6, 59·0) % in men and 46·7 (39·1, 54·3) % in women. The modifiable factors associated with a risk of prediabetes (OR; 95 % CI) were light-intensity physical activity (per 1 h/week increase: 1·04; 1·01, 1·07) and insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance score >6·1v. <4·1: 4·62; 1·37, 15·51). Increased consumption of a traditional dietary pattern based on fish and seafood, low-fat cereals, fruits and vegetables was a protective factor (0·49; 0·31, 0·79). All variables were modelled together and adjusted for age and sex.

Conclusions

The high prediabetes prevalence found in the Comcáac community is alarming because it represents a large number of people who are at risk for type 2 diabetes. The identification of modifiable factors associated with prediabetes that are specific to this population may be useful for designing effective strategies to prevent prediabetes.
Micron-Scale Deformation: A Coupled In Situ Study of Strain Bursts and Acoustic Emission
Authors: Hegyi Ádám István , Ispánovity Péter Dusán , Knapek Michal , Tüzes Dániel , Máthis Kristián , Chmelík František , Dankházi Zoltán , Varga Gábor , Groma István
Published: October 2017

Plastic deformation of micron-scale crystalline materials differs considerably from bulk samples as it is characterized by stochastic strain bursts. To obtain a detailed picture of the intermittent deformation phenomena, numerous micron-sized specimens must be fabricated and tested. An improved focused ion beam fabrication method is proposed to prepare non-tapered micropillars with excellent control over their shape. Moreover, the fabrication time is less compared with other methods. The in situ compression device developed in our laboratory allows high-accuracy sample positioning and force/displacement measurements with high data sampling rates. The collective avalanche-like motion of the dislocations is observed as stress decreases on the stress–strain curves. An acoustic emission (AE) technique was employed for the first time to study the deformation behavior of micropillars. The AE technique provides important additional in situ information about the underlying processes during plastic deformation and is especially sensitive to the collective avalanche-like motion of the dislocations observed as the stress decreases on the deformation curves.
RACE KNOWLEDGE
Authors: Byng Michelle D.
Published: October 2017

This analysis addresses race knowledge or the connection between race identity and the ability to designate what is socially legitimate. It problematizes race inequality in light of neoliberal, post-Civil Rights racial reforms. Using qualitative data from interviews with second-generation Muslim Americans, the analysis maps their understanding of the racialized social legitimacy of Brown, Black, and White identities. Findings address how racial hierarchy is organized by racial neoliberalism and the persistence of White supremacy. They show that White racial dominance continues in spite of claims of post-racialism. Moreover, second-generation Muslim Americans position their Brown and Black racial identity as subordinate to White racial identity, but Brown and Black races are different rather than hierarchically positioned in reference to one another. The respondents bring neoliberal globalism as well as U.S. racial dynamics to bear on their understandings of racial hierarchy and racialized social legitimacy.
Evaluation of four insecticides to protect Nauclea diderrichii (Rubiaceae) seedlings against Orygmophora mediofoveata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) shoot borer damage
Authors: Bosu P.P. , Acquah E. , Boamah R.O.
Published: October 2017

Nauclea diderrichii(De Wild and Th. Dür.) (common name Kusia and trade name, Opepe) is an evergreen tree found throughout the tropical rainforests of West Africa. It is heavily exploited for its timber and listed as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The shoot borerOrygmophora mediofoveataHamps, which attacks the nursery stage, has hampered attempts to establishN. diderrichiiplantations in Ghana. This study examined the potential of four insecticides to protectN. diderrichiiseedlings fromO. mediofoveataattack and damage. Four insecticides–Pyrinex (chlorpyrifos), Dursban (chlorpyrifos), Cerox (dimethoate) and Golan (acetamiprid)–were applied to four-month-oldN. diderrichiiseedlings growing in full sunlight and under shade (80% of normal light), to evaluate their effects on incidence of attack, survival, severity of damage and growth. Insecticide treatment and light conditions had variable effects on the damage and growth of the seedlings after six months of evaluation. Seedling survival was not significantly influenced by the insecticide treatment. Percent survival of insecticide-treated seedlings did not differ significantly from that of control seedlings in full sun; however, under shade survival of treated seedlings was significantly higher than control seedlings. Nonetheless, control seedlings in full sun had higher survival (92.5%) than those under shade (62.5%). Insecticide-treated seedlings in full sun had lower incidence of shoot borer attack than those under shade. In full sun, dieback incidence following shoot borer attack was significantly lower for insecticide-treated than control seedlings. Growth in height and girth of seedlings was influenced positively by both insecticide and light, with girth especially being significantly lower under shade conditions. Currently,N. diderrichiiseedlings are typically raised under shade; however, this study shows that raising seedlings in full sun with insecticide application could result in faster and better growth.
The role of the diffusive protons in the gamma-ray emission of SNR RX J1713.7-3946
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Chen Yang
Published: October 2017

RX J1713.7-3946 is a prototype in the γ-ray-bright supernova remnants (SNRs) and is in continuing debates on its hadronic versus leptonic origin of the γ-ray emission. We explore the role played by the diffusive relativistic protons that escape from the SNR shock wave in the γ-ray emission, apart from the emission of high energy particles from the inside of the SNR. In the scenario that the SNR shock propagates in a clumpy molecular cavity, we consider that the γ-ray emission from the inside of the SNR may either arise from the IC scattering or from the interaction between the trapped energetic protons and the shocked clumps. The dominant origin between them depends on the electron-to-proton number ratio. The surrounding molecular cavity wall is considered to also produce γ-ray emission due to the “illumination” by the diffusive protons that escaped from the shock wave during the expansion history. The broad-band spectrum can be well explained by this two-zone model, in which the γ-ray emission from the inside governs the TeV band, while the outer emission component substantially contributes to the GeV γ-rays. The two-zone model can also explain the TeV γ-ray radial brightness profile that significantly stretches beyond the nonthermal X-ray emitting region.
Linking three-dimensional core-collapse supernova simulations with observations
Authors: Wongwathanarat Annop
Published: October 2017

To understand a wide variety of properties of young core-collapse supernova (CCSN) remnants being revealed by modern observations three-dimensional simulations of CCSNe starting from the initiation of the explosion until the expanding stellar debris transform into gaseous remnants are needed. We briefly review recent progress in modeling CCSNe on a long time scale. A current effort to model bolometric light curves based on 3D CCSN explosion models for comparison with observational data from SN 1987A is also discussed.
Core-Collapse Supernova Simulations including Neutrino Interactions from the Virial EOS
Authors: O’Connor Evan , Horowitz C. J. , Lin Zidu , Couch Sean
Published: October 2017

Core-collapse supernova explosions are driven by a central engine that converts a small fraction of the gravitational binding energy released during core collapse to outgoing kinetic energy. The suspected mode for this energy conversion is the neutrino mechanism, where a fraction of the neutrinos emitted from the newly formed protoneutron star are absorbed by and heat the matter behind the supernova shock. Accurate neutrino-matter interaction terms are crucial for simulating these explosions. In this proceedings for IAUS 331, SN 1987A, 30 years later, we explore several corrections to the neutrino-nucleon scattering opacity and demonstrate the effect on the dynamics of the core-collapse supernova central engine via two dimensional neutrino-radiation-hydrodynamics simulations. Our results reveal that the explosion properties are sensitive to corrections to the neutral-current scattering cross section at the 10-20% level, but only for densities at or above ~1012 g cm−3.
MUSE Integral Field Observations of the Oxygen-rich SNR 1E 0102.2-7219
Authors: Seitenzahl Ivo R. , Vogt Frédéric P. A. , Terry Jason P. , Dopita Michael A. , Ruiter Ashley J. , Ghavamian Parviz , Sukhbold Tuguldur
Published: October 2017

We have observed the oxygen-rich SNR 1E 0102.2-7219 with the integral field spectrograph WiFeS at Siding Spring Observatory and discovered sulfur-rich ejecta for the first time. Follow-up deep DDT observations with MUSE on the VLT (8100 s on source) reaching down to a noise level of ~5 × 10−20ergs−1cm−2Å−1spaxel−1 have led to the additional discovery of fast-moving hydrogen as well as argon-rich and chlorine-rich material. The detection of fast-moving hydrogen knots challenges the interpretation that the progenitor of 1E 0102 was a compact core of a Wolf-Rayet star that had shed its entire envelope. In addition to the detection of hydrogen and the products of oxygen-burning, this unprecedented sharp (0.2″ spaxel size at ~0.7″ seeing) and deep MUSE view of an oxygen-rich SNR in the Magellanic Clouds reveals further exciting discoveries, including [Fe xiv]λ5303 and [Fe xi]λ7892 emission, which we associate with the forward shock. We present this exciting data set and discuss some of its implications for the explosion mechanism and nucleosynthesis of the associated supernova.
A minority view on the majority: A personal meeting summary on the explosion mechanism of supernovae
Authors: Soker Noam
Published: October 2017

I present my minority view that the majority (or even all) of core collapse supernovae (CCSNe) are driven by jets rather than by neutrinos, and that the majority of type Ia supernovae (SN Ia) reach their explosion via the core degenerate scenario. New simulations presented at the meeting did not achieve an explosion of CCSNe. I critically examine other arguments that where presented in support of the neutrino-driven model, and present counter arguments that support the jet-driven explosion mechanism. The jets operate via a negative jet feedback mechanism (JFM). The negative feedback mechanism explains the explosion energy being several times the binding energy of the core in most CCSNe. We do not know yet what mechanism explodes massive stars and we do not know yet what evolutionary route leads white dwarfs to explode as SN Ia, and so we must be open to different ideas and critically examine old notions.
High-resolution imaging of SNR IC443 and W44 with the Sardinia Radio Telescope
Authors: Egron E. , Pellizzoni A. , Iacolina M. N. , Loru S. , Marongiu M. , Righini S. , Cardillo M. , Giuliani A. , Mulas S. , Murtas G. , Simeone D.
Published: October 2017

We present single-dish imaging of the well-known Supernova Remnants (SNRs) IC443 and W44 at 1.5 GHz and 7 GHz with the recently commissioned 64-m diameter Sardinia Radio Telescope (SRT). Our images were obtained through on-the-fly mapping techniques, providing antenna beam oversampling, automatic baseline subtraction and radio-frequency interference removal. It results in high-quality maps of the SNRs at 7 GHz, which are usually lacking and not easily achievable through interferometry at this frequency due to the very large SNR structures. SRT continuum maps of our targets are consistent with VLA maps carried out at lower frequencies (at 324 MHz and 1.4 GHz), providing a view of the complex filamentary morphology. New estimates of the total flux density are given within 3% and 5% error at 1.5 GHz and 7 GHz respectively, in addition to flux measurements in different regions of the SNRs.