bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Definition of functionally and structurally distinct repressive states in the nuclear receptor PPARγ
Authors: Heidari Zahra , Chrisman Ian M. , Nemetchek Michelle D. , Novick Scott J. , Blayo Anne-Laure , Patton Trey , Mendes Desiree E. , Diaz Philippe , Kamenecka Theodore M. , Griffin Patrick R. , Hughes Travis S.
Published: December 2019

The repressive states of nuclear receptors (i.e., apo or bound to antagonists or inverse agonists) are poorly defined, despite the fact that nuclear receptors are a major drug target. Most ligand bound structures of nuclear receptors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), are similar to the apo structure. Here we use NMR, accelerated molecular dynamics and hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry to define the PPARγ structural ensemble. We find that the helix 3 charge clamp positioning varies widely in apo and is stabilized by efficacious ligand binding. We also reveal a previously undescribed mechanism for inverse agonism involving an omega loop to helix switch which induces disruption of a tripartite salt-bridge network. We demonstrate that ligand binding can induce multiple structurally distinct repressive states. One state recruits peptides from two different corepressors, while another recruits just one, providing structural evidence of ligand bias in a nuclear receptor.
Structural basis for Fullerene geometry in a human endogenous retrovirus capsid
Authors: Acton Oliver , Grant Tim , Nicastro Giuseppe , Ball Neil J. , Goldstone David C. , Robertson Laura E. , Sader Kasim , Nans Andrea , Ramos Andres , Stoye Jonathan P. , Taylor Ian A. , Rosenthal Peter B.
Published: December 2019

The HML2 (HERV-K) group constitutes the most recently acquired family of human endogenous retroviruses, with many proviruses less than one million years old. Many maintain intact open reading frames and provirus expression together with HML2 particle formation are observed in early stage human embryo development and are associated with pluripotency as well as inflammatory disease, cancers and HIV-1 infection. Here, we reconstruct the core structural protein (CA) of an HML2 retrovirus, assemble particles in vitro and employ single particle cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to determine structures of four classes of CA Fullerene shell assemblies. These icosahedral and capsular assemblies reveal at high-resolution the molecular interactions that allow CA to form both pentamers and hexamers and show how invariant pentamers and structurally plastic hexamers associate to form the unique polyhedral structures found in retroviral cores.
Ultrastructure of the axonal periodic scaffold reveals a braid-like organization of actin rings
Authors: Vassilopoulos Stéphane , Gibaud Solène , Jimenez Angélique , Caillol Ghislaine , Leterrier Christophe
Published: December 2019

Recent super-resolution microscopy studies have unveiled a periodic scaffold of actin rings regularly spaced by spectrins under the plasma membrane of axons. However, ultrastructural details are unknown, limiting a molecular and mechanistic understanding of these enigmatic structures. Here, we combine platinum-replica electron and optical super-resolution microscopy to investigate the cortical cytoskeleton of axons at the ultrastructural level. Immunogold labeling and correlative super-resolution/electron microscopy allow us to unambiguously resolve actin rings as braids made of two long, intertwined actin filaments connected by a dense mesh of aligned spectrins. This molecular arrangement contrasts with the currently assumed model of actin rings made of short, capped actin filaments. Along the proximal axon, we resolved the presence of phospho-myosin light chain and the scaffold connection with microtubules via ankyrin G. We propose that braided rings explain the observed stability of the actin-spectrin scaffold and ultimately participate in preserving the axon integrity.
RNF208, an estrogen-inducible E3 ligase, targets soluble Vimentin to suppress metastasis in triple-negative breast cancers
Authors: Pang Kyoungwha , Park Jinah , Ahn Sung Gwe , Lee Jihee , Park Yuna , Ooshima Akira , Mizuno Seiya , Yamashita Satoshi , Park Kyung-Soon , Lee So-Young , Jeong Joon , Ushijima Toshikazu , Yang Kyung-Min , Kim Seong-Jin
Published: December 2019

The development of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) negatively impacts both quality of life and survival in a high percentage of patients. Here, we show that RING finger protein 208 (RNF208) decreases the stability of soluble Vimentin protein through a polyubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation pathway, thereby suppressing metastasis of TNBC cells. RNF208 was significantly lower in TNBC than the luminal type, and low expression of RNF208 was strongly associated with poor clinical outcomes. Furthermore, RNF208 was induced by 17β-estradiol (E2) treatment in an estrogen receptor alpha (ΕRα)-dependent manner. Overexpression of RNF208 suppresses tumor formation and lung metastasis of TNBC cells. Mechanistically, RNF208 specifically polyubiquitinated the Lys97 residue within the head domain of Vimentin through interaction with the Ser39 residue of phosphorylated Vimentin, which exists as a soluble form, eventually facilitating proteasomal degradation of Vimentin. Collectively, our findings define RNF208 as a negative regulator of soluble Vimentin and a prognostic biomarker for TNBC cells.
Intestinal Neurod1 expression impairs paneth cell differentiation and promotes enteroendocrine lineage specification
Authors: Li Hui Joyce , Ray Subir K. , Pan Ning , Haigh Jody , Fritzsch Bernd , Leiter Andrew B.
Published: December 2019

Transcription factor Neurod1 is required for enteroendocrine progenitor differentiation and maturation. Several earlier studies indicated that ectopic expression of Neurod1 converted non- neuronal cells into neurons. However, the functional consequence of ectopic Neurod1 expression has not been examined in the GI tract, and it is not known whether Neurod1 can similarly switch cell fates in the intestine. We generated a mouse line that would enable us to conditionally express Neurod1 in intestinal epithelial cells at different stages of differentiation. Forced expression of Neurod1 throughout intestinal epithelium increased the number of EECs as well as the expression of EE specific transcription factors and hormones. Furthermore, we observed a substantial reduction of Paneth cell marker expression, although the expressions of enterocyte-, tuft- and goblet-cell specific markers are largely not affected. Our earlier study indicated that Neurog3+ progenitor cells give rise to not only EECs but also Goblet and Paneth cells. Here we show that the conditional expression of Neurod1 restricts Neurog3+ progenitors to adopt Paneth cell fate, and promotes more pronounced EE cell differentiation, while such effects are not seen in more differentiated Neurod1+ cells. Together, our data suggest that forced expression of Neurod1 programs intestinal epithelial cells more towards an EE cell fate at the expense of the Paneth cell lineage and the effect ceases as cells mature to EE cells.
Dusp8 affects hippocampal size and behavior in mice and humans
Authors: Baumann Peter , Schriever Sonja C. , Kullmann Stephanie , Zimprich Annemarie , Feuchtinger Annette , Amarie Oana , Peter Andreas , Walch Axel , Gailus-Durner Valerie , Fuchs Helmut , Hrabě de Angelis Martin , Wurst Wolfgang , Tschöp Matthias H. , Heni Martin , Hölter Sabine M. , Pfluger Paul T.
Published: December 2019

Dual-specificity phosphatase 8 (Dusp8) acts as physiological inhibitor for the MAPKs Jnk, Erk and p38 which are involved in regulating multiple CNS processes. While Dusp8 expression levels are high in limbic areas such as the hippocampus, the functional role of Dusp8 in hippocampus morphology, MAPK-signaling, neurogenesis and apoptosis as well as in behavior are still unclear. It is of particular interest whether human carriers of a DUSP8 allelic variant show similar hippocampal alterations to mice. Addressing these questions using Dusp8 WT and KO mouse littermates, we found that KOs suffered from mildly impaired spatial learning, increased locomotor activity and elevated anxiety. Cell proliferation, apoptosis and p38 and Jnk phosphorylation were unaffected, but phospho-Erk levels were higher in hippocampi of the KOs. Consistent with a decreased hippocampus size in Dusp8 KO mice, we found reduced volumes of the hippocampal subregions subiculum and CA4 in humans carrying the DUSP8 allelic variant SNP rs2334499:C > T. Overall, aberrations in morphology and behavior in Dusp8 KO mice and a decrease in hippocampal volume of SNP rs2334499:C > T carriers point to a novel, translationally relevant role of Dusp8 in hippocampus function that warrants further studies on the role of Dusp8 within the limbic network.
Effectiveness of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Blockade on Residual Kidney Function and Peritoneal Membrane Function in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Phatthanasobhon Sirayut , Nochaiwong Surapon , Thavorn Kednapa , Noppakun Kajohnsak , Panyathong Setthapon , Suteeka Yuttitham , Hutton Brian , Sood Manish M. , Knoll Greg A. , Ruengorn Chidchanok
Published: December 2019

We performed a network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomised studies in adult peritoneal dialysis patients to evaluate the effects of specific renin-angiotensin aldosterone systems (RAAS) blockade classes on residual kidney function and peritoneal membrane function. Key outcome parameters included the following: residual glomerular filtration rate (rGFR), urine volume, anuria, dialysate-to-plasma creatinine ratio (D/P Cr), and acceptability of treatment. Indirect treatment effects were compared using random-effects model. Pooled standardised mean differences (SMDs) and odd ratios (ORs) were estimated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We identified 10 RCTs (n = 484) and 10 non-randomised studies (n = 3,305). Regarding changes in rGFR, RAAS blockade with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) were more efficacious than active control (SMD 0.55 [0.06–1.04] and 0.62 [0.19–1.04], respectively) with the protective effect on rGFR observed only after usage ≥12 months, and no differences among ACEIs and ARBs. Compared with active control, only ACEIs showed a significantly decreased risk of anuria (OR 0.62 [0.41–0.95]). No difference among treatments for urine volume and acceptability of treatment were observed, whereas evidence for D/P Cr is inconclusive. The small number of randomised studies and differences in outcome definitions used may limit the quality of the evidence.
Transcriptional plasticity buffers genetic variation in zinc homeostasis
Authors: Pita-Barbosa Alice , Ricachenevsky Felipe K. , Wilson Michael , Dottorini Tania , Salt David E.
Published: December 2019

In roots of Arabidopsis thaliana, Zn can be either loaded into the xylem for translocation to the shoot or stored in vacuoles. Vacuolar storage is achieved through the action of the Zn/Cd transporter HMA3 (Heavy Metal Atpase 3). The Col-0 accession has an HMA3 loss-of-function allele resulting in high shoot Cd, when compared to accession CSHL-5 which has a functional allele and low shoot Cd. Interestingly, both Col-0 and CSHL-5 have similar shoot Zn concentrations. We hypothesize that plants sense changes in cytosolic Zn that are due to variation in HMA3 function, and respond by altering expression of genes related to Zn uptake, transport and compartmentalisation, in order to maintain Zn homeostasis. The expression level of genes known to be involved in Zn homeostasis were quantified in both wild-type Col-0 and Col-0::HMA3CSHL-5 plants transformed with the functional CSHL-5 allele of HMA3. We observed significant positive correlations between expression of HMA3 and of genes known to be involved in Zn homeostasis, including ZIP3, ZIP4, MTP1, and bZIP19. The results support our hypothesis that alteration in the level of function of HMA3 is counterbalanced by the fine regulation of the Zn homeostasis gene network in roots of A. thaliana.
Sea anemone and clownfish microbiota diversity and variation during the initial steps of symbiosis
Authors: Roux Natacha , Lami Raphaël , Salis Pauline , Magré Kévin , Romans Pascal , Masanet Patrick , Lecchini David , Laudet Vincent
Published: December 2019

Clownfishes and sea anemones form an intriguing long-term association, but the mechanism underlying this symbiosis is not well understood. Since clownfishes seem to cover themselves with sea anemone mucus, we investigated the microbiomes of the two partners to search for possible shifts in their compositions. We used a 16S rRNA gene sequencing strategy to study the dynamics of the microbiota during the association between the clownfishAmphiprion ocellarisand its hostHeteractis magnificaunder laboratory conditions. The experiment conducted in aquaria revealed that both clownfish and sea anemone mucus had specific signatures compared to artificial sea water. The microbiomes of both species were highly dynamic during the initiation of the symbiosis and for up to seven days after contact. Three families of bacteria (Haliangiaceae, Pseudoalteromonadacae, Saprospiracae) were shared between the two organisms after symbiosis. Once the symbiosis had been formed, the clownfishes and sea anemone then shared some communities of their mucus microbiota. This study paves the way for further investigations to determine if similar microbial signatures exist in natural environments, whether such microbial sharing can be beneficial for both organisms, and whether the microbiota is implicated in the mechanisms that protect the clownfish from sea anemone stinging.
The Urinary Excretion of Uromodulin is Regulated by the Potassium Channel ROMK
Authors: Schiano Guglielmo , Glaudemans Bob , Olinger Eric , Goelz Nadine , Müller Michael , Loffing-Cueni Dominique , Deschenes Georges , Loffing Johannes , Devuyst Olivier
Published: December 2019

Uromodulin, the most abundant protein in normal urine, is produced by cells lining the thick ascending limb (TAL) of the loop of Henle. Uromodulin regulates the activity of the potassium channel ROMK in TAL cells. Common variants in KCNJ1, the gene encoding ROMK, are associated with urinary levels of uromodulin in population studies. Here, we investigated the functional link between ROMK and uromodulin in Kcnj1 knock-out mouse models, in primary cultures of mouse TAL (mTAL) cells, and in patients with Bartter syndrome due to KCNJ1 mutations. Both global and kidney-specific Kcnj1 knock-out mice showed reduced urinary levels of uromodulin paralleled by increased levels in the kidney, compared to wild-type controls. Pharmacological inhibition and genetic deletion of ROMK in mTAL cells caused a reduction in apical uromodulin excretion, reflected by cellular accumulation. In contrast, NKCC2 inhibition showed no effect on uromodulin processing. Patients with Bartter syndrome type 2 showed reduced urinary uromodulin levels compared to age and gender matched controls. These results demonstrate that ROMK directly regulates processing and release of uromodulin by TAL cells, independently from NKCC2. They support the functional link between transport activity and uromodulin in the TAL, relevant for blood pressure control and urinary concentrating ability.
Impact of Biophysical Mechanisms on Urban Heat Island Associated with Climate Variation and Urban Morphology
Authors: Fitria Ressy , Kim Daeun , Baik Jongjin , Choi Minha
Published: December 2019

The rapid development of urban areas can potentially alter hydro-meteorological fluxes and lead to the Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon. In this study, UHI intensity and its driving factors were estimated using the Community Land Model (CLM) in cities of Tokyo, Phoenix, Bandung, and Quito, with different landscapes and climates, as a step in risk assessment of urbanization phenomena. The UHI magnitude increased along with the ratio of the height to width (H/W) of urban canyons in cities with the same latitude, especially during the daytime, when Quito (Tokyo) had a higher UHI than Bandung (Phoenix). El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, such as El Niño and La Niña, contributed to UHI variability, during which the cities in the western (eastern) part of Pacific Ocean experienced a higher UHI during El Niño (La Niña). The UHI differences from total biophysical drivers between these events were highest in Tokyo during the daytime as a result of convection process, and in Phoenix during the nighttime due to the hot arid climate of the city. Our results suggest the need to consider climate variation beyond local site characteristics when mitigating heat stress and making decisions regarding urban development.
Prolactin and its receptor as therapeutic targets in glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Asad Antonela Sofía , Nicola Candia Alejandro Javier , Gonzalez Nazareno , Zuccato Camila Florencia , Abt Araceli , Orrillo Santiago Jordi , Lastra Yael , De Simone Emilio , Boutillon Florence , Goffin Vincent , Seilicovich Adriana , Pisera Daniel Alberto , Ferraris María Jimena , Candolfi Marianela
Published: December 2019

Although prolactin (PRL) and its receptor (PRLR) have been detected in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), their role in its pathogenesis remains unclear. Our aim was to explore their contribution in GBM pathogenesis. We detected PRL and PRLR in all GBM cell lines tested. PRLR activation or overexpression using plasmid transfection increased proliferation, viability, clonogenicity, chemoresistance and matrix metalloproteinase activity in GBM cells, while PRLR antagonist ∆1–9-G129R-hPRL reduced their proliferation, viability, chemoresistance and migration. Meta-analysis of transcriptomic data indicated that PRLR was expressed in all grade II-III glioma (GII-III) and GBM samples. PRL was upregulated in GBM biopsies when compared to GII-III. While in the general population tumour PRL/PRLR expression did not correlate with patient survival, biological sex-stratified analyses revealed that male patients with PRL+/PRLRHIGH GBM performed worse than PRL+/PRLRLOW GBM. In contrast, all male PRL+/PRLRHIGH GII-III patients were alive whereas only 30% of PRL+/PRLRLOW GII-III patients survived after 100 months. Our study suggests that PRLR may be involved in GBM pathogenesis and could constitute a therapeutic target for its treatment. Our findings also support the notion that sexual dimorphism should be taken into account to improve the care of GBM patients.
De novo Assembly of the Brugia malayi Genome Using Long Reads from a Single MinION Flowcell
Authors: Fauver Joseph R. , Martin John , Weil Gary J. , Mitreva Makedonka , Fischer Peter U.
Published: December 2019

Filarial nematode infections cause a substantial global disease burden. Genomic studies of filarial worms can improve our understanding of their biology and epidemiology. However, genomic information from field isolates is limited and available reference genomes are often discontinuous. Single molecule sequencing technologies can reduce the cost of genome sequencing and long reads produced from these devices can improve the contiguity and completeness of genome assemblies. In addition, these new technologies can make generation and analysis of large numbers of field isolates feasible. In this study, we assessed the performance of the Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION for sequencing and assembling the genome of Brugia malayi, a human parasite widely used in filariasis research. Using data from a single MinION flowcell, a 90.3 Mb nuclear genome was assembled into 202 contigs with an N50 of 2.4 Mb. This assembly covered 96.9% of the well-defined B. malayi reference genome with 99.2% identity. The complete mitochondrial genome was obtained with individual reads and the nearly complete genome of the endosymbiotic bacteria Wolbachia was assembled alongside the nuclear genome. Long-read data from the MinION produced an assembly that approached the quality of a well-established reference genome using comparably fewer resources.
Assessment of platelet-rich fibrin in the maintenance and recovery of cell viability of the periodontal ligament
Authors: Navarro Lorena Bortolini , Barchiki Fabiane , Navarro Junior Wilson , Carneiro Everdan , da Silva Neto Ulisses Xavier , Westphalen Vânia Portela Ditzel
Published: December 2019

This study analyzed the efficacy of autologous platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in maintaining and recovering cell viability of the periodontal ligament (PDL). The PDL cells were isolated from 45 extracted teeth randomly distributed among 6 groups: 5 min, 1 h, 2 h, PRF 30 min, PRF 1 h and PRF 2 h. In the groups 5 min, 1 h and 2 h (n = 5), the teeth were kept dry in extra-alveolar times of 5 min, 1 h and 2 h respectively. The teeth of the groups PRF 30 min, PRF 1 h and PRF 2 h (n = 10) were kept dry at extra-alveolar times of 30 min, 1 and 2 h followed by immersion in PRF for 45 min. PDL cells were isolated by enzymatic digestion with type II collagenase and dispase, counted and analyzed for viability with Trypan blue vital dye in Neubauer chamber. The variables total number of cells and cell viability demonstrated that in the 5 min, 1 h and 2 h groups there was a decrease after the extra-alveolar dry times of 1 and 2 h. In comparison with the total number of cells, group 1 h, considered immediate reimplantation, did not present statistical difference when compared to the groups PRF 30 min, PRF 1 h and 2 h, a result that demonstrates that PRF assists in cell maintenance and recovery. PRF provided increased cell viability in relation to the different dry extra-alveolar times analyzed (p < 0.001). Autologous PRF presented effectiveness in maintaining and recovering PDL cells from extracted teeth and kept dry for up to 2 h.
Prostate Cancer Detection using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Yoo Sunghwan , Gujrathi Isha , Haider Masoom A. , Khalvati Farzad
Published: December 2019

Prostate cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death in North America. As an integrated part of computer-aided detection (CAD) tools, diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) has been intensively studied for accurate detection of prostate cancer. With deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) significant success in computer vision tasks such as object detection and segmentation, different CNN architectures are increasingly investigated in medical imaging research community as promising solutions for designing more accurate CAD tools for cancer detection. In this work, we developed and implemented an automated CNN-based pipeline for detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (PCa) for a given axial DWI image and for each patient. DWI images of 427 patients were used as the dataset, which contained 175 patients with PCa and 252 patients without PCa. To measure the performance of the proposed pipeline, a test set of 108 (out of 427) patients were set aside and not used in the training phase. The proposed pipeline achieved area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.87 (95$${\boldsymbol{ \% }}$$% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.84–0.90) and 0.84 (95$${\boldsymbol{ \% }}$$% CI: 0.76–0.91) at slice level and patient level, respectively.
Antimicrobial activity of resveratrol-derived monomers and dimers against foodborne pathogens
Authors: Mattio Luce M. , Dallavalle Sabrina , Musso Loana , Filardi Rossella , Franzetti Laura , Pellegrino Luisa , D’Incecco Paolo , Mora Diego , Pinto Andrea , Arioli Stefania
Published: December 2019

Plant polyphenolic compounds are considered a promising source for new antibacterial agents. In this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial activity of a collection of resveratrol-derived monomers and dimers screened as single molecules against a panel of nine foodborne pathogens. The results demonstrated that two monomers (i.e., pterostilbene 2 and (E)-3-hydroxy-4′,5-dimethoxystilbene 9) and three dimers (i.e., δ-viniferin 10, viniferifuran 14 and dehydro-δ-viniferin 15) were endowed with significant antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria. The exposure of gram-positive foodborne pathogens to 100 µg/mL of 2, 9 and 15 induced severe cell membrane damage, resulting in the disruption of the phospholipid bilayer. The most promising dimeric compound, dehydro-δ-viniferin 15, was tested against Listeria monocytogenes, resulting in a loss of cultivability, viability and cell membrane potential. TEM analysis revealed grave morphological modifications on the cell membrane and leakage of intracellular content, confirming that the cell membrane was the principal biological target of the tested derivative.
Deletion of the serine protease CAP2/Tmprss4 leads to dysregulated renal water handling upon dietary potassium depletion
Authors: Keppner Anna , Maric Darko , Sergi Chloé , Ansermet Camille , De Bellis Damien , Kratschmar Denise V. , Canonica Jérémie , Klusonova Petra , Fenton Robert A. , Odermatt Alex , Crambert Gilles , Hoogewijs David , Hummler Edith
Published: December 2019

The kidney needs to adapt daily to variable dietary K+ contents via various mechanisms including diuretic, acid-base and hormonal changes that are still not fully understood. In this study, we demonstrate that following a K+-deficient diet in wildtype mice, the serine protease CAP2/Tmprss4 is upregulated in connecting tubule and cortical collecting duct and also localizes to the medulla and transitional epithelium of the papilla and minor calyx. Male CAP2/Tmprss4 knockout mice display altered water handling and urine osmolality, enhanced vasopressin response leading to upregulated adenylate cyclase 6 expression and cAMP overproduction, and subsequently greater aquaporin 2 (AQP2) and Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporter 2 (NKCC2) expression following K+-deficient diet. Urinary acidification coincides with significantly increased H+,K+-ATPase type 2 (HKA2) mRNA and protein expression, and decreased calcium and phosphate excretion. This is accompanied by increased glucocorticoid receptor (GR) protein levels and reduced 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 activity in knockout mice. Strikingly, genetic nephron-specific deletion of GR leads to the mirrored phenotype of CAP2/Tmprss4 knockouts, including increased water intake and urine output, urinary alkalinisation, downregulation of HKA2, AQP2 and NKCC2. Collectively, our data unveil a novel role of the serine protease CAP2/Tmprss4 and GR on renal water handling upon dietary K+ depletion.
Magnetization switching of a perpendicular nanomagnet induced by vertical nonlocal injection of pure spin current
Authors: Suto Hirofumi , Nagasawa Tazumi , Kanao Taro , Yamada Kenichiro , Mizushima Koichi
Published: December 2019

Injection of pure spin current using a nonlocal geometry is a promising method for controlling magnetization in spintronic devices from the viewpoints of increasing freedom in device structure and avoiding problems related to charge current. Here, we report an experimental demonstration of magnetization switching of a perpendicular magnetic nanodot induced by vertical injection of pure spin current from a spin polarizer with perpendicular magnetization. In comparison with direct spin injection, the current amplitude required for magnetization switching is of the same order and shows smaller asymmetry between parallel-to-antiparallel and antiparallel-to-parallel switching. Simulation of spin accumulation reveals that, in the case of nonlocal spin injection, the spin torque is symmetric between the parallel and antiparallel configuration because current flows through only the spin polarizer, not the magnetic nanodot. This characteristic of nonlocal spin injection is the origin of the smaller asymmetry of the switching current and can be advantageous in spintronic applications.
Association between health related quality of life and progression of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Oh Tae Ryom , Choi Hong Sang , Kim Chang Seong , Bae Eun Hui , Oh Yun Kyu , Kim Yong-Soo , Choi Kyu Hun , Kim Soo Wan , Ma Seong Kwon
Published: December 2019

The impact of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) on outcomes remains unclear in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients despite its importance in socioeconomic aspects and individual health. We aim to identify the relationship between HRQOL and progression of CKD in pre-dialysis patients. A total 1622 patients with CKD were analyzed in the KoreaN cohort Study for Outcomes in patients With Chronic Kidney Disease, a prospective cohort study. CKD progression was defined as one or more of the following: initiation of dialysis or transplantation, a two-fold increase in baseline serum creatinine levels, or a 50% decline in the estimated glomerular filtration rate during the follow-up period. The group with CKD progression had lower scores of HRQOL than the group without CKD progression. A fully adjusted Cox proportional hazard ratio model showed that each low baseline physical and mental component summary score was associated with a higher risk of CKD progression. In Kaplan-Meier survival analysis using propensity score matched data, only low physical component summary scores showed statistical significance with CKD progression. Our study highlights low physical component summary score for an important prognostic factor of CKD progression. Risk-modification interventions for high-risk patients may provide benefits to individuals.
Nanosized hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate composite: Physico-chemical, cytotoxicity, morphological properties and in vivo trial
Authors: da Silva Brum Igor , de Carvalho Jorge José , da Silva Pires Jorge Luis , de Carvalho Marco Antonio Alencar , dos Santos Luiza Braga Ferreira , Elias Carlos Nelson
Published: December 2019

The objective of this work was to characterize the properties of a synthetic biomaterial composite with nanoparticles size (Blue Bone). This biomaterial is a composite recommended for dental and orthopedic grafting surgery, for guided bone regeneration, including maxillary sinus lift, fresh alveolus filling, and treatment of furcation lesions. The nano biomaterials surface area is from 30% to 50% higher than those with micro dimensions. Another advantage is that the alloplastic biomaterial has homogeneous properties due to the complete manufacturing control. The analyzed biomaterial composite was characterized by XRD, cytochemistry, scanning electron microscopy, porosimetry and in vivo experiments (animals). The results showed that the analyzed biomaterial composite has 78.76% hydroxyapatite [Ca5(PO4)3(OH)] with monoclinic structure, 21.03% β-tricalcium phosphate [β -Ca3(PO4)2] with trigonal structure and 0.19% of CaO with cubic structure, nanoparticles with homogeneous shapes, and nanoporosity. The in vivo experiments showed that the composite has null cytotoxicity, and the site of insertion biomaterials has a high level of vascularization and bone formation. The conclusion is that the synthetic biomaterial with Blue Bone designation presents characteristics suitable for use in grafting surgery applications.
Butyrate inhibits visceral allodynia and colonic hyperpermeability in rat models of irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Nozu Tsukasa , Miyagishi Saori , Nozu Rintaro , Takakusaki Kaoru , Okumura Toshikatsu
Published: December 2019

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or repeated water avoidance stress (WAS) induces visceral allodynia and gut hyperpermeability via corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and proinflammatory cytokines, which is a rat irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) model. As butyrate is known to suppress the release of proinflammatory cytokine, we hypothesized that butyrate alleviates these colonic changes in IBS models. The visceral pain was assessed by electrophysiologically measuring the threshold of abdominal muscle contractions in response to colonic distention. Colonic permeability was determined by measuring the absorbance of Evans blue in colonic tissue. Colonic instillation of sodium butyrate (SB; 0.37−2.9 mg/kg) for 3 days inhibited LPS (1 mg/kg)-induced visceral allodynia and colonic hyperpermeability dose-dependently. Additionally, the visceral changes induced by repeated WAS (1 h for 3 days) or CRF (50 µg/kg) were also blocked by SB. These effects of SB in the LPS model were eliminated by compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, or GW9662, a PPAR-γ antagonist, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, a NO synthesis inhibitor, naloxone or sulpiride. SB attenuated visceral allodynia and colonic hyperpermeability in animal IBS models. These actions may be AMPK and PPAR-γ dependent and also mediated by the NO, opioid and central dopamine D2 pathways. Butyrate may be effective for the treatment of IBS.
Author Correction: A hippocampo-cerebellar centred network for the learning and execution of sequence-based navigation
Authors: Babayan Benedicte M. , Watilliaux Aurélie , Viejo Guillaume , Paradis Anne-Lise , Girard Benoît , Rondi-Reig Laure
Published: December 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Designing of novel zinc(ii) Schiff base complexes having acyl hydrazone linkage: study of phosphatase and anti-cancer activities
Authors: Dasgupta Sanchari , Karim Suhana , Banerjee Saswati , Saha Moumita , Das Saha Krishna , Das Debasis
Published: December 2019

The phosphatase and anti-cancer activities of three novel acyl hydrazone based zinc(ii) Schiff base complexes have been unveiled.
Photocorrosion inhibition of CdS-based catalysts for photocatalytic overall water splitting
Authors: Ning Xiaofeng , Lu Gongxuan
Published: December 2019

The urgent need for clean and renewable energy drives the exploration of effective strategies to produce hydrogen.
Configuration of gradient-porous ultrathin FeCo2S4 nanosheets vertically aligned on Ni foam as a noncarbonaceous freestanding oxygen electrode for lithium–oxygen batteries
Authors: Hou Zhiqian , Shu Chaozhu , Hei Peng , Yang Tingshuai , Zheng Ruixin , Ran Zhiqun , Li Minglu , Long Jianping
Published: December 2019

The degradation of oxygen electrodes caused by oxygen species in lithium–oxygen (Li–O2) batteries deteriorates their energy efficiency and cyclability and seriously hinders their commercial application.
Thermal activation of charge carriers in ionic and electronic semiconductor β-AgIVVO3 and β-AgIVVO3@VV1.6VIV0.4O4.8 composite xerogels
Authors: Fernández de Luis Roberto , Larrea Edurne S. , Orive Joseba , Lezama Luis , Costa C. M. , Lanceros-Méndez S. , Arriortua María I.
Published: December 2019

Assembly of SVO and slightly reduced VO nanoribbons in inorganic hydrogels enables the formation of proton conductor and electron conductor xerogels depending on the SVO/VO ratio. Thermal charge carrier activation results in enhanced conductivity.
Thermal effect of annealing-temperature on solution-processed high-k ZrO2 dielectrics
Authors: Zhou Shangxiong , Zhang Jianhua , Fang Zhiqiang , Ning Honglong , Cai Wei , Zhu Zhennan , Liang Zhihao , Yao Rihui , Guo Dong , Peng Junbiao
Published: December 2019

In this paper, a solution-processed zirconium oxide (ZrO2) dielectric was deposited by spin coating with varying pre-annealing temperatures and post-annealing temperatures.
Cisplatin delivery, anticancer and antibacterial properties of Fe/SBA-16/ZIF-8 nanocomposite
Authors: Balasamy Rabindran Jermy , Ravinayagam Vijaya , Alomari Munther , Ansari Mohammad Azam , Almofty Sarah Ameen , Rehman Suriya , Dafalla Hatim , Rubavathi Marimuthu Palanivel , Akhtar Sultan , Al Hamad Mohammad
Published: December 2019

The role of nano ZIF-8 in a Fe/SBA-16/ZIF composite has been explored as a potential anticancer drug and drug delivery system.
Highly elastic and flexible transparent conductive films derived from latex copolymerization: P(SSNa-BA-St)/PEDOT/graphene
Authors: Huang Bo , Luo Xinxin , Zou Qichao , Wang Suxiao , Zhang Jinzhi
Published: December 2019

We reported an transparent, water resistant, and flexible conductive materials P(SSNa-BA-St)/PEDOT/graphene and their conductivity are due to the large surface area to polymerize the extended PEDOT chain on the nanoparticles.
Rational design of asymmetric supercapacitors via a hierarchical core–shell nanocomposite cathode and biochar anode
Authors: Fan Meiqing , Zeng Xu , Yang Xiaodong , Zhang Xin , Ren Bo
Published: December 2019

Hierarchical MnO2 nanosheets standing on hollow NiO microspheres have been designed by a facile hydrothermal process. Furthermore, asymmetric supercapacitors via core/shell NiO/MnO2 cathode and biochar anode were assembled.
Nickel-containing N-doped carbon as effective electrocatalysts for the reduction of CO2 to CO in a continuous-flow electrolyzer
Authors: Daems Nick , De Mot Bert , Choukroun Daniel , Van Daele Kevin , Li Chen , Hubin Annick , Bals Sara , Hereijgers Jonas , Breugelmans Tom
Published: December 2019

Nickel-containing N-doped carbons were synthesized and analyzed for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CO under industrially relevant conditions.
Stroboscopic neutron diffraction applied to fast time-resolved operando studies on Li-ion batteries (d-LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4vs. graphite)
Authors: Sheptyakov Denis , Boulet-Roblin Lucien , Pomjakushin Vladimir , Borel Philippe , Tessier Cécile , Villevieille Claire
Published: December 2019

Applying stroboscopic neutron diffraction in studying unprecedentedly fast processes in rechargeable batteries at up to 15C rate.
Facile synthesis of polypyrrole–rhodamine B nanoparticles for self-monitored photothermal therapy of cancer cells
Authors: Wang Xiao-Hui , Chen Xue-Qiao , Peng Hong-Shang , Wei Xiao-Fei , Wang Xiao-Juan , Cheng Kun , Liu Yuan-An , Yang Wei
Published: December 2019

Biocompatible dual-functional nanoparticles combining polypyrrole with rhodamine B are constructed for photothermal ablation of cancer cells and real-time temperature monitoring during PTT.
Development of high-strength, tough, and self-healing carboxymethyl guar gum-based hydrogels for human motion detection
Authors: Chen Wei , Bu Yunhao , Li Delin , Liu Yuan , Chen Guangxue , Wan Xiaofang , Li Nan
Published: December 2019

Self-healing hydrogels have attracted intense attention because of their potential applications in ionic strain sensors.
Structural basis for mRNA recognition by human RBM38
Authors: Qian Kaiyue , Li Mengyu , Wang Junchao , Zhang Min , Wang Mingzhu
Published: December 2019

RNA-binding protein RBM38 was reported to bind the mRNA of several p53-related genes through its RRM domain and to up-regulate or down-regulate protein translation by increasing mRNA stability or recruitment of other effector proteins. The recognition mechanism, however, for RNA-binding of RBM38 remains unclear. Here, we report the crystal structure of the RRM domain of human RBM38 in complex with a single-stranded RNA. Our structural and biological results revealed that RBM38 recognizes G(U/C/A)GUG sequence single-stranded RNA in a sequence-specific and structure-specific manner. Two phenylalanine stacked with bases of RNA were crucial for RNA binding, and a series of hydrogen bonds between the base atoms of RNA and main-chain or side-chain atoms of RBM38 determine the sequence-specific recognition. Our results revealed the RNA-recognition mechanism of human RBM38 and provided structural information for understanding the RNA-binding property of RBM38.
Introduction to the Forum on Cluttering: Rays of Hope Shine Around the World
Authors: Reichel Isabella
Published: December 2019

Purpose

In the 10 years since the International Cluttering Association (ICA) was created, this organization has been growing in the scope of its initiatives, and in the variety of resources it makes available for people with cluttering (PWC). However, the awareness of this disorder and of the methods for its intervention remain limited in countries around the world. A celebration of the multinational and multicultural engagements of the ICA's Committee of the International Representatives is a common thread running through all the articles in this forum. The first article is a joint effort among international representatives from five continents and 15 countries, exploring various themes related to cluttering, such as awareness, research, professional preparation, intervention, and self-help groups. The second article, by Elizabeth Gosselin and David Ward, investigates attention performance in PWC. In the third article, Yvonne van Zaalen and Isabella Reichel explain how audiovisual feedback training can improve the monitoring skills of PWC, with both quantitative and qualitative benefits in cognitive, emotional, and social domains of communication. In the final article, Hilda Sønsterud examines whether the working alliance between the client and clinician may predict a successful cluttering therapy outcome.

Conclusions

Authors of this forum exchanged their expertise, creativity, and passion with the goal of solving the mystery of the disconcerting cluttering disorder with the hope that all PWC around the globe will have access to the most effective evidence-based treatments leading to blissful and successful communication.
Getting the Word “Out”: A Role for the Motor System in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Mody Maria , McDougle Christopher J.
Published: December 2019

Purpose

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) lacks a clear neurobiological marker, and hundreds of genes appear to be implicated in the disorder. Numerous studies have reported deficits in reciprocal vocalization, vocal imitation, imitation of facial gestures, social gaze, and speech output early on in development in infants and young children at risk for or diagnosed with ASD.

Method

We examine these deficits in the context of a growing role for the motor system in communication deficits, a core feature of ASD. We draw on cognitive neuroscience and evolutionary models of speech and language to highlight the significance of a perceptuomotor link in neurodevelopmental disorders of speech and language. Interventions that target speech deficits by integrating articulatory awareness with phonetic feedback may hold tremendous promise for strengthening speech pathways in the brain and improving speech output in individuals with ASD.

Conclusion

The findings call for greater interdisciplinary collaboration that harnesses clinical expertise across social, verbal, and motor domains in early treatment approaches with individuals on the autism spectrum.
Central molecular zones in galaxies:12CO-to-13CO ratios, carbon budget, andXfactors
Authors: Israel F. P.
Published: December 2019

We present ground-based measurements of 126 nearby galaxy centers in12CO and 92 in13CO in various low-Jtransitions. More than 60 galaxies were measured in at least four lines. The average relative intensities of the first fourJ12CO transitions are 1.00:0.92:0.70:0.57. In the first threeJtransitions, the average12CO-to-13CO intensity ratios are 13.0, 11.6, and 12.8, with individual values in any transition ranging from 5 to 25. The sizes of central CO concentrations are well defined in maps, but poorly determined by multi-aperture photometry. On average, theJ = 1−012CO fluxes increase linearly with the size of the observing beam. CO emission covers only a quarter of the HI galaxy disks. Using radiative transfer models (RADEX), we derived model gas parameters. The assumed carbon elemental abundances and carbon gas depletion onto dust are the main causes of uncertainty. The new CO data and published [CI] and [CII] data imply that CO, C°, and C+each represent about one-third of the gas-phase carbon in the molecular interstellar medium. The mean beam-averaged molecular hydrogen column density isN(H2) = (1.5 ± 0.2)×1021cm−2. Galaxy center CO-to-H2conversion factors are typically ten times lower than the “standard” Milky WayX°disk value, with a meanX(CO) = (1.9 ± 0.2)×1019cm−2/K km s−1and a dispersion 1.7. The corresponding [CI]-H2factor is five times higher thanX(CO), withX[CI] = (9 ± 2)×1019cm−2/K km s−1. No unique conversion factor can be determined for [CII]. The low molecular gas content of galaxy centers relative to their CO intensities is explained in roughly equal parts by high central gas-phase carbon abundances, elevated gas temperatures, and large gas velocity dispersions relative to the corresponding values in galaxy disks.
Present-day mass-metallicity relation for galaxies using a new electron temperature method
Authors: Yates R. M. , Schady P. , Chen T.-W. , Schweyer T. , Wiseman P.
Published: December 2019

Aims.We investigate electron temperature (Te) and gas-phase oxygen abundance (ZTe) measurements for galaxies in the local Universe (z <  0.25). Our sample comprises spectra from a total of 264 emission-line systems, ranging from individual HIIregions to whole galaxies, including 23 composite HIIregions from star-forming main sequence galaxies in the MaNGA survey.

Methods.We utilise 130 of these systems with directly measurableTe(OII) to calibrate a new metallicity-dependentTe(OIII)–Te(OII) relation that provides a better representation of our varied dataset than existing relations from the literature. We also provide an alternativeTe(OIII)–Te(NII) calibration. This newTemethod is then used to obtain accurateZTeestimates and form the mass – metallicity relation (MZR) for a sample of 118 local galaxies.

Results.We find that all theTe(OIII)–Te(OII) relations considered here systematically under-estimateZTefor low-ionisation systems by up to 0.6 dex. We determine that this is due to such systems having an intrinsically higher O+abundance than O++abundance, renderingZTeestimates based only on [OIII] lines inaccurate. We therefore provide an empirical correction based on strong emission lines to account for this bias when using our newTe(OIII)–Te(OIII) andTe(OIII)–Te(NII) relations. This allows for accurate metallicities (1σ = 0.08 dex) to be derived for any low-redshift system with an [OIII]λ4363 detection, regardless of its physical size or ionisation state. The MZR formed from our dataset is in very good agreement with those formed from direct measurements of metal recombination lines and blue supergiant absorption lines, in contrast to most otherTe-based and strong-line-based MZRs. Our newTemethod therefore provides an accurate and precise way of obtainingZTefor a large and diverse range of star-forming systems in the local Universe.