bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High Levels of Expression of P-glycoprotein/Multidrug Resistance Protein Result in Resistance to Vintafolide
Authors: Guertin Amy D. , O'Neil Jennifer , Stoeck Alexander , Reddy Joseph A. , Cristescu Razvan , Haines Brian B. , Hinton Marlene C. , Dorton Ryan , Bloomfield Alicia , Nelson Melissa , Vetzel Marilynn , Lejnine Serguei , Nebozhyn Michael , Zhang Theresa , Loboda Andrey , Picard Kristen L. , Schmidt Emmett V. , Dussault Isabelle , Leamon Christopher P.
Published: June 2016

Targeting surface receptors overexpressed on cancer cells is one way to specifically treat cancer versus normal cells. Vintafolide (EC145), which consists of folate linked to a cytotoxic small molecule, desacetylvinblastine hydrazide (DAVLBH), takes advantage of the overexpression of folate receptor (FR) on cancer cells. Once bound to FR, vintafolide enters the cell by endocytosis, and the reducing environment of the endosome cleaves the linker, releasing DAVLBH to destabilize microtubules. Vintafolide has shown efficacy and improved tolerability compared with DAVLBH in FR-positive preclinical models. As the first FR-targeting drug to reach the clinic, vintafolide has achieved favorable responses in phase II clinical trials in FR-positive ovarian and lung cancer. However, some FR-positive patients in these clinical trials do not respond to vintafolide. We sought to identify potential biomarkers of resistance to aid in the future development of this and other FR-targeting drugs. Here, we confirm that high P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression was the strongest predictor of resistance to DAVLBH in a panel of 359 cancer cell lines. Furthermore, targeted delivery of DAVLBH via the FR, as in vintafolide, fails to overcome P-gp–mediated efflux of DAVLBH in both in vitro and in vivo preclinical models. Therefore, we suggest that patients whose tumors express high levels of P-gp be excluded from future clinical trials for vintafolide as well as other FR-targeted therapeutics bearing a P-gp substrate. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(8); 1998–2008. ©2016 AACR.
SYD985, a Novel Duocarmycin-Based HER2-Targeting Antibody–Drug Conjugate, Shows Antitumor Activity in Uterine Serous Carcinoma with HER2/Neu Expression
Authors: Black Jonathan , Menderes Gulden , Bellone Stefania , Schwab Carlton L. , Bonazzoli Elena , Ferrari Francesca , Predolini Federica , De Haydu Christopher , Cocco Emiliano , Buza Natalia , Hui Pei , Wong Serena , Lopez Salvatore , Ratner Elena , Silasi Dan-Arin , Azodi Masoud , Litkouhi Babak , Schwartz Peter E. , Goedings Peter , Beusker Patrick H. , van der Lee Miranda M.C. , Timmers C. Marco , Dokter Wim H.A. , Santin Alessandro D.
Published: June 2016

Uterine serous carcinoma (USC) is an aggressive form of endometrial cancer. Up to 35% of USC may overexpress the HER2/neu oncogene at strong (i.e., 3+) levels by IHC while an additional 40% to 50% express HER2/neu at moderate (2+) or low (1+) levels. We investigated the efficacy of SYD985, (Synthon Biopharmaceuticals), a novel HER2-targeting antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) composed of the mAb trastuzumab linked to a highly potent DNA-alkylating agent (i.e., duocarmycin) in USC. We also compared the antitumor activity of SYD985 in head-to-head experiments to trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1), a FDA-approved ADC, against multiple primary USC cell lines expressing different levels of HER2/neu in in vitro and in vivo experiments. Using antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), proliferation, viability, and bystander killing assays as well as propidium iodide–based flow cytometry assays and multiple in vivo USC mouse xenograft models, we demonstrate for the first time that SYD985 is a novel ADC with activity against USC with strong (3+) as well as low to moderate (i.e., 1+/2+) HER2/neu expression. SYD985 is 10- to 70-fold more potent than T-DM1 in comparative experiments and, unlike T-DM1, it is active against USC demonstrating moderate/low or heterogeneous HER2/neu expression. Clinical studies with SYD985 in patients harboring chemotherapy-resistant USC with low, moderate, and high HER2 expression are warranted. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(8); 1900–9. ©2016 AACR.
So You Can Teach Old Fibroblasts New Tricks
Authors: Virós Amaya , Girotti Maria Romina , Marais Richard
Published: June 2016

Summary: New data show that as dermal fibroblasts grow old, they increase their secretion of the WNT antagonist sFRP2 to drive melanoma cell metastasis. sFRP2 suppresses β-catenin and MITF signaling in melanoma cells, downregulating the redox regulator APE1, making melanoma cells more sensitive to oxidative stress and driving resistance to BRAF inhibitors. Thus, the aging microenvironment in elderly patient skin activates a signaling pathway that drives more aggressive melanoma cell behavior. Cancer Discov; 6(6); 581–3. ©2016 AACR.
Two-Dimensional Sonographic Evaluation of Endometrial Polyps - Parameters That Are Reassuring
Authors: Goldberg Yael , Lavie Ofer , Mandel Rachel , Kaufman Yuval , Segev Yakir , Auslender Ron
Published: June 2016

Aims: To assess intra-endometrial lesions according to five two-dimensional sonographic parameters for predicting malignancy. Material and Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of stored digital images from consecutive pathological reports of patients with benign endometrial polyps and stage 1 endometrial carcinoma. Five sonographic parameters were evaluated: heterogeneous or complex echogenicity of the lesion, presence of a ‘bright edge sign,' regular endometrial-myometrial junction, the presence of a normal endometrium adjacent to the lesion, and detection of small intralesional cysts. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of these parameters were calculated, as well as combinations of pairs of parameters. Results: Seventy-nine patients were eligible for the current study, 26 with benign endometrial polyps and 53 with stage 1 endometrial carcinoma. The sonographic appearance of numerous small intralesional cysts (cystic formation) was highly related to benign polyp; the presence of a lesion with heterogeneous echogenicity had sensitivity and specificity for malignancy of 63.5 and 88.5%, respectively. Conclusions: We have shown that asymptomatic endometrial lesions, which are homogenous, have bright edges, and small intralesional cysts are likely to be benign Determining these parameters during sonographic evaluation can assist in identifying patients who will benefit from a follow-up strategy instead of an unnecessary surgical intervention.
Impact of Age at Diagnosis and Hypothalamic Involvement on Body Mass Index Z-Score Change in Pediatric Brain Tumor Survivors
Authors: Strobel Katie , Simpson Pippa , Donohoue Patricia A. , Firat Selim , Jogal Sachin
Published: June 2016

Background: Obesity risk is increased for pediatric central nervous system tumor survivors. Hypothalamic involvement (HI) by tumor or treatment increases the risk. In healthy children, body mass index (BMI) normally declines until adiposity rebound (AR). We hypothesized that HI and diagnosis before AR would lead to increased BMI at follow-up. Methods: A chart review of 114 brain tumor survivors diagnosed between 2001-2011 at the Children's Hospital of Wisconsin extracted tumor location, treatment and BMI z-scores at diagnosis and 2-year follow-up. Children were categorized based on age at diagnosis relative to AR and presence/absence of HI. Results: Children diagnosed pre-AR and post-AR with HI had higher BMI z-scores at 2-year follow-up (pre-AR: 1.6, post-AR: 1.3) than at diagnosis (0.5, 0.6). All groups without HI showed no increase in BMI z-score from diagnosis to 2-year follow-up (pre-AR: 0.7-0.6, during AR: 0.7-0.8, post-AR: 0.7-0.8). The pre-AR and during-AR cohorts with HI had a higher BMI z-score at 2-year follow-up relative to those without HI, while the post-AR group did not. Conclusion: Except for the post-AR group, patients with HI have increased BMI at 2 years after diagnosis compared to those without HI. Diagnosis pre-AR is associated with greater follow-up BMI z-score.
Arrhythmia and Electrophysiological Effects of Chemotherapy: A Review
Authors: Markman Timothy M. , Nazarian Saman
Published: June 2016

Importance: Cardiotoxicity is an important limiting factor in the use of antineoplastic agents. The risk of arrhythmia and the electrophysiological effects of these agents are poorly characterized though increasing evidence suggests a high prevalence of complications. Observations: Patients with substantial cardiovascular risk factors are often excluded from clinical trials, while the aging population of patients actually receiving therapies may have an underlying arrhythmogenic substrate due to comorbidities. Risk stratification of patients before the selection of a therapeutic regimen is essential. Given the regular use of combination therapies, the potential for arrhythmia of each agent must be fully understood. Despite limited data and understanding in clinical practice, decisions on whether to initiate specific therapies in high-risk patients and how to manage the associated complications are made regularly. Conclusions and Relevance: This review describes the observed arrhythmias and proposed mechanisms for several major classes of antineoplastic agents. It also provides recommendations for risk stratification, monitoring, prophylaxis, and therapy, emphasizing the need for a collaborative relationship between oncologists and cardiologists and areas for future research.
Clinical Outcomes of Transplanted Modified Bone Marrow–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Stroke
Authors: Steinberg Gary K. , Kondziolka Douglas , Wechsler Lawrence R. , Lunsford L. Dade , Coburn Maria L. , Billigen Julia B. , Kim Anthony S. , Johnson Jeremiah N. , Bates Damien , King Bill , Case Casey , McGrogan Michael , Yankee Ernest W. , Schwartz Neil E.
Published: June 2016

Background and Purpose—

Preclinical data suggest that cell-based therapies have the potential to improve stroke outcomes.

Methods—

Eighteen patients with stable, chronic stroke were enrolled in a 2-year, open-label, single-arm study to evaluate the safety and clinical outcomes of surgical transplantation of modified bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (SB623).

Results—

All patients in the safety population (N=18) experienced at least 1 treatment-emergent adverse event. Six patients experienced 6 serious treatment-emergent adverse events; 2 were probably or definitely related to surgical procedure; none were related to cell treatment. All serious treatment-emergent adverse events resolved without sequelae. There were no dose-limiting toxicities or deaths. Sixteen patients completed 12 months of follow-up at the time of this analysis. Significant improvement from baseline (mean) was reported for: (1) European Stroke Scale: mean increase 6.88 (95% confidence interval, 3.5–10.3;
P
<0.001), (2) National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale: mean decrease 2.00 (95% confidence interval, −2.7 to −1.3;
P
<0.001), (3) Fugl-Meyer total score: mean increase 19.20 (95% confidence interval, 11.4–27.0;
P
<0.001), and (4) Fugl-Meyer motor function total score: mean increase 11.40 (95% confidence interval, 4.6–18.2;
P
<0.001). No changes were observed in modified Rankin Scale. The area of magnetic resonance T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery signal change in the ipsilateral cortex 1 week after implantation significantly correlated with clinical improvement at 12 months (
P
<0.001 for European Stroke Scale).

Conclusions—

In this interim report, SB623 cells were safe and associated with improvement in clinical outcome end points at 12 months.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01287936.
Hybrid Self-Adaptive Evolution Strategies Guided by Neighborhood Structures for Combinatorial Optimization Problems
Authors: Coelho V. N. , Coelho I. M. , Souza M. J. F. , Oliveira T. A. , Cota L. P. , Haddad M. N. , Mladenovic N. , Silva R. C. P. , Guimarães F. G.
Published: June 2016

This article presents an Evolution Strategy (ES)--based algorithm, designed to self-adapt its mutation operators, guiding the search into the solution space using a Self-Adaptive Reduced Variable Neighborhood Search procedure. In view of the specific local search operators for each individual, the proposed population-based approach also fits into the context of the Memetic Algorithms. The proposed variant uses the Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure with different greedy parameters for generating its initial population, providing an interesting exploration–exploitation balance. To validate the proposal, this framework is applied to solve three different [Formula: see text]-Hard combinatorial optimization problems: an Open-Pit-Mining Operational Planning Problem with dynamic allocation of trucks, an Unrelated Parallel Machine Scheduling Problem with Setup Times, and the calibration of a hybrid fuzzy model for Short-Term Load Forecasting. Computational results point out the convergence of the proposed model and highlight its ability in combining the application of move operations from distinct neighborhood structures along the optimization. The results gathered and reported in this article represent a collective evidence of the performance of the method in challenging combinatorial optimization problems from different application domains. The proposed evolution strategy demonstrates an ability of adapting the strength of the mutation disturbance during the generations of its evolution process. The effectiveness of the proposal motivates the application of this novel evolutionary framework for solving other combinatorial optimization problems.
Nutlet micromorphological characters of Teucrium taxa (Lamiaceae) in Libya
Authors: MARZOUK REAM I. , EL-DARIER SALAMA M. , ASKAR ABDELBASET M.
Published: June 2016

The nutlet micromorphology of 11 Teucrium taxa from Libya was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The variation in shape, color, size and ornamentation of mericarp helped for taxa discrimination. Furthermore, T. capitatum and T. polium subsp. flavovirens are reported here for the first time in Libya.
Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision
Authors: LEES DAVID C.
Published: June 2016

The genus Heteropsis Westwood, 1850 is monophyletic and contains the most diverse evolutionary radiation of butterflies in the Malagasy Region, with 46 up to now known species (53 accepted taxa) and at least 23 undescribed species in collections to date. Mixed species in historical descriptions and lost types in this genus have hindered taxonomic progress until now. A lectotype female is thus designated for the only surviving syntype that can be found for Mycalesis andravahana Mabille, 1878. Mycalesis difficilis Mabille, 1880 and three names of Oberthür, 1916 lectotypified here, Henotesia undulosa, Henotesia undulosa var. luctuosa and Henotesia andravahana var. macrophthalma, newly become its synonyms. A lectotype is also specified for Gallienia alaokola Oberthür, 1916. These acts now clarify potential confusion among the minimum of five species that these two nominal taxa represent, and thus facilitate description of related species compromised by the original descriptions (for one of which, the name Henotesia andravahana ab. marmorata Aurivillius, 1925 is unavailable). To solidify description of similar species, lectotypes are also designated for the following nominal species of Oberthür, 1916: Culapa comorana, C. pauper, Culapa (“var. ou espèce séparée”) pseudonarcissus, C. laeta, C. laetifica, C. anceps, C. undulata, C. turbans, C. curvatula, C. ornata, C. pallida, and of Oberthür, 1923: C. houlbertiana, and also for Mycalesis iboina Ward, 1870, M. strigula Mabille, 1877, M. maeva Mabille, 1878, M. ankoma Mabille, 1878, M. irrorata Mabille, 1880 and M. butleri Mabille, 1880. The following 19 new species are described within Heteropsis from Madagascar, which are organised within species groups that are briefly characterised and discussed: in the Ht. exocellata group, Heteropsis mimetica Lees & Kremen, sp. nov.; in the Ht. antahala group, Heteropsis hazovola Lees & Raharitsimba, sp. nov.; in the Ht. drepana group, Heteropsis harveyi Lees & Kremen, sp. nov.; Heteropsis vanewrighti Lees, sp. nov.; Heteropsis westwoodi Lees, sp. nov., Heteropsis pauliani Lees, sp. nov.; Heteropsis imerina Lees, sp. nov.; in the Ht. subsimilis group, Heteropsis kremenae Lees, sp. nov.; Heteropsis avaratra Lees & Kremen, sp. nov. Heteropsis sogai Lees, sp. nov., and in the Ht. strigula group, Heteropsis tornado Lees, Allaoui & Aduse-Poku, sp. nov., Heteropsis lanyvary Lees, sp. nov.; Heteropsis barbarae Lees & Kremen, sp. nov.; Heteropsis menamenoides Lees, sp. nov.; Heteropsis roussettae Lees & Kremen, sp. nov.; Heteropsis tianae Lees & Kremen, sp. nov.; Heteropsis oberthueri Lees, sp. nov.; Heteropsis borgo Lees, sp. nov. and Heteropsis vertigo Lees & Raharitsimba, sp. nov. Counting the resulting synonymy of Heteropsis difficilis (Mabille, 1880), with Ht. andravahana (Mabille, 1878), this brings the Malagasy Heteropsis fauna to 64 species, about 2/3 of which are here revised.
Projected Changes in Western U.S. Large-Scale Summer Synoptic Circulations and Variability in CMIP5 Models
Authors: Brewer Matthew C. , Mass Clifford F.
Published: June 2016

Large-scale synoptic circulations have a profound effect on western U.S. summer weather and climate. Heat waves, water availability, the distribution of monsoonal moisture, fire-weather conditions, and other phenomena are impacted by the position and amplitude of large-scale synoptic circulations. Furthermore, regional weather is modulated by the interactions of the large-scale flow with terrain and land–water contrasts. It is therefore crucial to understand projected changes in large-scale circulations and their variability under anthropogenic global warming.

Although recent research has examined changes in the jet stream, storm tracks, and synoptic disturbances over the Northern Hemisphere under global warming, most papers have focused on the cold season. In contrast, this work analyzes the projected trends in the spatial distribution and amplitude of large-scale synoptic disturbances over the western United States and eastern Pacific during July and August. It is shown that CMIP5 models project weaker mean midtropospheric gradients in geopotential height as well as attenuated temporal variability in geopotential height, temperature, vorticity, vertical motion, and sea level pressure over this region. Most models suggest reduced frequency of troughs and increased frequency of ridges over the western United States. These changes in the variability of synoptic disturbances have substantial implications for future regional weather and climate.
A New Method for Identifying the Pacific–South American Pattern and Its Influence on Regional Climate Variability
Authors: Irving Damien , Simmonds Ian
Published: June 2016

The Pacific–South American (PSA) pattern is an important mode of climate variability in the mid-to-high southern latitudes. It is widely recognized as the primary mechanism by which El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influences the southeast Pacific and southwest Atlantic and in recent years has also been suggested as a mechanism by which longer-term tropical sea surface temperature trends can influence the Antarctic climate. This study presents a novel methodology for objectively identifying the PSA pattern. By rotating the global coordinate system such that the equator (a great circle) traces the approximate path of the pattern, the identification algorithm utilizes Fourier analysis as opposed to a traditional empirical orthogonal function approach. The climatology arising from the application of this method to ERA-Interim reanalysis data reveals that the PSA pattern has a strong influence on temperature and precipitation variability over West Antarctica and the Antarctic Peninsula and on sea ice variability in the adjacent Amundsen, Bellingshausen, and Weddell Seas. Identified seasonal trends toward the negative phase of the PSA pattern are consistent with warming observed over the Antarctic Peninsula during autumn, but are inconsistent with observed winter warming over West Antarctica. Only a weak relationship is identified between the PSA pattern and ENSO, which suggests that the pattern might be better conceptualized as a preferred regional atmospheric response to various external (and internal) forcings.
Lateral Cricoarytenoid Release
Authors: Park Andrea M. , Paniello Randal C.
Published: June 2016

Objective:

To investigate the efficacy of a novel adductor muscle-releasing technique designed to decrease the force of vocal fold adduction, as a potential surgical therapy for patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia (ADSD).

Study Design:

Experimental animal study.

Methods:

A canine laryngeal model was used to assess the acute and sustained efficacy of a lateral cricoarytenoid (LCA) muscle release. A total of 34 canine hemilaryngeal preparations were divided among 7 experimental groups. The LCA muscle was separated from its cricoid cartilage origin via an open, anterior, submucosal approach. The laryngeal adductory pressures (LAP) were assessed pre- and post-muscle release via direct recurrent laryngeal nerve stimulation. Measurements were repeated at 1.5, 3, or 6 months postoperatively. Another study evaluated release of the thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle from its thyroid cartilage origin.

Results:

Releasing the LCA muscle demonstrated a significant decrease in LAP acutely and was maintained at all 3 time points with the aid of a barrier ( P < .05). Without the barrier, the LCA muscle reattached to the cricoid. Acute release of the TA muscle did not significantly decrease the LAP.

Conclusions:

The proposed LCA release procedure may provide patients with a permanent treatment option for ADSD. However, longer-term studies and human trials are needed.
Fitting Residual Error Structures for Growth Models in SAS PROC MCMC
Authors: McNeish Daniel
Published: June 2016

In behavioral sciences broadly, estimating growth models with Bayesian methods is becoming increasingly common, especially to combat small samples common with longitudinal data. Although M plus is becoming an increasingly common program for applied research employing Bayesian methods, the limited selection of prior distributions for the elements of covariance structures makes more general software more advantages under certain conditions. However, as a disadvantage of general software’s software flexibility, few preprogrammed commands exist for specifying covariance structures. For instance, PROC MIXED has a few dozen such preprogrammed options, but when researchers divert to a Bayesian framework, software offer no such guidance and requires researchers to manually program these different structures, which is no small task. As such the literature has noted that empirical papers tend to simplify their covariance matrices to circumvent this difficulty, which is not desirable because such a simplification will likely lead to biased estimates of variance components and standard errors. To facilitate wider implementation of Bayesian growth models that properly model covariance structures, this article overviews how to generally program a growth model in SAS PROC MCMC and then demonstrates how to program common residual error structures. Full annotated SAS code and an applied example are provided.
Reducing cardiovascular risk factors in non-selected outpatients with schizophrenia
Authors: Hansen Mette Vinther , Hjorth Peter , Kristiansen Christina Blanner , Vandborg Kirsten , Gustafsson Lea Nørgaard , Munk-Jørgensen Povl
Published: June 2016

Objectives:

Cardiovascular diseases are the most common causes of premature death in patients with schizophrenia. We aimed at reducing cardiovascular risk factors in non-selected outpatients with schizophrenia using methods proven effective in short-term trials. Furthermore, we examined whether any baseline characteristics were associated with positive outcomes.

Methods:

All outpatients treated for schizophrenia at two Danish hospitals were included in this 1-year follow-up study. The patients were offered health interventions both individually and in groups. Weight, waist circumference, blood glucose and lipids and information on smoking and alcohol were obtained.

Results:

On average, small significant increases in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumferences were observed while small non-significant improvements in other cardiovascular risk factors were seen. Patients with high baseline BMI and patients with duration of treated illness beyond 2 years had significantly better intervention outcomes.

Conclusion:

Our results show that it was difficult to improve physical health in a group of non-selected patients with schizophrenia as part of routine care. The patients were not easily motivated to participate in the interventions, and it was difficult to monitor the recommended metabolic risk measures in the patient group. Future research should focus on simple strategies in health promotion that can be integrated into routine care.
Dynamic rheology and foaming behaviour of styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene/ polystyrene blends
Authors: Banerjee Ritima , Sinha Ray Suprakas , Ghosh Anup K
Published: June 2016

Styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene and its blends containing 10, 30 and 50 wt% polystyrene were subjected to batch foaming using physical blowing agent carbon dioxide. At higher foaming temperatures (80–110℃), complex viscosity ( η*) and storage modulus ( E′) were found to control the volume expansion ratio and the shrinkage of foams. For a given composition, optimal volume expansion was achieved at temperatures close to the glass transition temperature ( Tg) of the polystyrene phase of that composition, indicating the presence of a complex viscosity window favourable for the foaming process. Blends with 30% and 50% polystyrene content possessed higher values of E′ and η*, and produced stable foams having higher volume expansion ratio, when foamed within their respective η* windows. At a much lower foaming temperature (35℃), polystyrene was found to have a nucleating effect. However, irrespective of rheological properties, all foams showed prominent shrinkage. A higher polystyrene content resulted in a lower volume expansion ratio, as well as shrinkage over a shorter period of time and a greater extent of shrinkage in the same time span. This can be attributed to the selective foaming of the ethylene–butylene phase, hindered by the stiff polystyrene aggregates.
Static strength prediction in laminated composites by using discrete damage modeling
Authors: Hoos Kevin , Iarve Endel V , Braginsky Michael , Zhou Eric , Mollenhauer David H
Published: June 2016

Discrete Damage Modeling of complex local failure patterns in laminated composites including matrix cracking, delamination, and fiber failure was performed. Discrete Damage Modeling uses the Regularized eXtended Finite Element Method for the simulation of matrix cracking at initially unknown locations and directions independent of the mesh orientation. Cohesive interface model is used both for Mesh Independent Cracking as well as delamination propagation. The fiber failure mode is modeled by two different methods in tension and compression. Tensile failure is predicted by Critical Failure Volume criterion, which takes into account volumetric scaling of tensile strength. Compression fiber failure is simulated with a single parameter continuum damage mechanics model with non-compressibility condition in the failed region. Ply level characterization input data were used for prediction of notched and unnotched laminate strength. All input data required for model application is directly measured by ASTM tests except tensile fiber scaling parameter and compression fiber failure fracture toughness, which were taken from literature sources. The model contains no internal calibration parameters. Tensile and compressive strength of unnotched and open hole composite laminates IM7/977-3 has been predicted and compared with experimental data. Three different layups, [0/45/90/−45]2S, [30/60/90/−60/−30]2S, and the [60/0/−60]3S, were modeled and tested and showed good agreement with experiment in the case of tensile loading, whereas the compressive strength was generally under predicted for unnotched laminates and overpredicted for open hole laminates.
The Legacy of Adolph Reed, Jr.’s “Black Urban Regime”
Authors: Bennett Larry
Published: June 2016

Adolph Reed’s extended essay, “The Black Urban Regime: Structural Origins and Constraints,” was a provocative and insightful examination of the first generation of African-American municipal officials in major American cities. The criteria articulated by Reed in assessing the policy record of that group of black mayors, council-members, and leading administrators have retained their applicability in the face of contemporary efforts to shape and execute progressive local policy.
Deleuze Against Control: Fictioning to Myth-Science
Authors: O’Sullivan Simon
Published: June 2016

Through recourse to Gilles Deleuze’s short polemical essay ‘Postscript on Control Societies’ and the accompanying interview (in Negotiations) on ‘Control and Becoming’, this article attempts to map out the conceptual contours of an artistic war machine (Deleuze’s ‘new weapons’) that might be pitched against control and also play a role in the more ethico-political function of the constitution of a people (or, what Deleuze calls subjectification). Along the way a series of other Deleuzian concepts are introduced and outlined – with an eye to their pertinence for art practice and, indeed, for any more general ‘thought’ against control. At stake here is the development of a concept of fictioning – the production of alternative narratives and image-worlds – and also the idea of art practice as a form of myth-science, exemplified by Burroughs’ cut-up method. It is argued that these aesthetic strategies might offer alternative models for a subjectivity that is increasingly standardized and hemmed in by neoliberalism.
Archives of Speech: Recording Diplomatic Negotiation in Late Medieval and Early Modern Italy
Authors: de Vivo Filippo
Published: June 2016

Early modern diplomatic negotiation was conducted primarily through face-to-face encounters dominated by the oral medium, generally known as audiences. Yet ambassadors were very keen to take written records of the words spoken by themselves and their counterparts. This article considers the role of oral exchange in diplomatic audiences and the reasons why participants were so interested in recording and filing reports of those exchanges. This article begins with an analysis of diplomatic dispatches, the genre that has attracted most scholarship so far, but then goes on to trace the recording of audiences on the part of hosting sovereigns and their chanceries and secretaries. The article compares three examples: the transcripts of ambassadors’ speeches by fifteenth-century Florentine chancellors, the diaries of papal masters of ceremonies in the late fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, and, the most detailed example of audience records, the Esposizioni archive of thousands of ambassadorial speeches, replies and subsequent conversation, assembled by secretaries of the Venetian republic from the mid-sixteenth century onwards. These examples enable us to perceive oral culture in unexpected settings. Moreover, the Venetian case constitutes a typical example of archival transformation: an increase in quantity accompanied by a substantial and conscious improvement in preservation methods and retrieval tools. In order to explain this transformation, this article traces the uses that were intended and made of the records at the time, not just to report on current, but to inform future negotiations.
Configuring European Archives: Spaces, Materials and Practices in the Differentiation of Repositories from the Late Middle Ages to 1700
Authors: Head Randolph C.
Published: June 2016

While recordkeeping and record-using were important in Classical societies and early medieval Europe, rapid evolution and change characterized recordkeeping practices from the late Middle Ages throughout the early modern period. This paper recasts changes in Western European recordkeeping from the fourteenth to eighteenth century in terms of the differentiation of spaces and practices, thus challenging older literature that sees increasing accumulation around a foundational archivum as the primary mode of expansion. Empirically, the argument concentrates on developments in the German lands that produced highly sophisticated Registratur (practices that tracked and indexed a wide variety of circulating records) across the German sphere after 1400. As first argued by Ernst Pitz, early modern German archivists began differentiating conceptual and physical spaces for recordkeeping in the fifteenth century, thus producing both archives of charters and registries of informational records of many kinds. A close examination of developments in Habsburg Innsbruck confirms that both an ordered archive and a powerful comprehensive system of registry emerged simultaneously in the 1520s in one of the most sophisticated recordkeeping venues of the era. The paper also reconsiders the historiography of archives, emphasizing how the cultural, medial and spatial turns have transformed current research. By contrasting relatively stable medial forms – pen, ink and paper; roll, bundle and codex – with more dynamic and transformative medial configurations which can be studied through the systematic comparison of specific cases, I argue that new research on archival history offers fresh and less culturally bound approaches to the preservation of records in the archives that remain the foundation for historical research into the past.
Being an Archivist in Provincial Enlightened France: The Case of Pierre Camille Le Moine (1723–1800)
Authors: Friedrich Markus
Published: June 2016

This article focuses on Pierre Camille Le Moine (1723–1800), an archivist and the author of the first printed French monograph entirely devoted to archives and archival management and description, the influential Diplomatique pratique (1765). The article investigates the strategies that archivists such as Le Moine used to acquire employment. A labour market for archival expertise came into being in mid-eighteenth-century France, and several episodes from Le Moine’s professional life illustrate the mechanisms used both by potential employers and employees to attract interest. Next, the article investigates Le Moine’s understanding of himself as an archivist and his assumptions about the status of archival work, both in relation to his family life and in relation to the wider cultural changes at the time. While able to use enlightened rhetoric and showing at least some superficial acquaintance with the new sociability of the philosophes, Le Moine in many ways remained anchored in a culture more akin to the world of the traditional antiquarian. Clearly, his constant concern for archives gave him a preservationist bias. What made the author most famous was the publication of Le Diplomatique pratique, a serious attempt to combine erudite diplomatics in the Maurist style with a manual for the practicalities of everyday archival life. The last section of the article studies the nature of daily archival experiences in eighteenth-century France, including daily routines regarding the production, content, structure and function of inventories.
The role of radical surgery in the management of CEAP C5/6 and lipodermatosclerosis
Authors: Martis Gábor , Laczik Renáta
Published: June 2016

Aim

Analysis of the radical removing of the dermatosclerotic tissues and ulcer(s) with perforator veins dissection as well as local wound and standard compression treatment of CEAP C5/6 stage in a prospective comparative cohort study. Primary endpoint is to compare the results of the one-year follow-up regarding quality of life, vein clinical severity score, and ulcer healing process. Secondary endpoint is the precise presentation of the surgical technique. Tertiary endpoint is to demonstrate the photo-documented results of the postoperative wound treatment protocol.

Method

Clinical and statistical comparison of radical surgery versus solely wound care and compression in a cohort of 15 patients in each group (Groups 1, 2). In Group 1, radical removing of the dermatosclerotic pannicule and leg ulcer, perforator vein dissection, great saphenous vein, or small saphenous vein was performed. Quality of life , pain intensity, vein clinical severity score and patients’ load capacity were compared. The tissue oxygen saturation changes were monitored via near infra-red spectroscopy.

Results

Both groups were statistically comparable. Wound healing in the operated group was 100% versus 60% in the second one, the difference was significant, p = 0.006. The quality of life: 45.33 versus 36.8, p < 0.001, intensity of leg restless and pain: 2.28 versus 5.3, p < 0.001, changes of vein clinical severity score: 5.27 versus 20.93, p < 0.001, changes of tO2sat: 19.00 versus 6.07 in the upper third of the leg p < 0.001, proved significantly better in group 1 compared to 2. Load capacity was significantly better in group 1 than 2 at the end of the study. The average wound healing time was 113 days in group 1.

Conclusion

The radical surgery provides significantly better results, considering quality of life, vein clinical severity score, load capacity than the conservative treatment in this study.
Science Teaching and Learning in Future Higher Education: Future-Oriented Projects of Interdisciplinary Science Curriculum Development (The Israeli Connection)
Authors: Zoller Uri
Published: June 2016

Technological developments affect and disturb all aspects of human existence and values more than any other factor in our modern man-made world. This calls for responsive higher education which will produce better decision-makers capable of being actively, rationally, and creatively involved in the continuous search for solutions to our current and future problems in a world of conflicting interests and values. Consequently, science teaching in future higher education should be drastically changed in order to be relevant to needs of both students and society rather than to reflect the needs of the disciplines per se.
Education, Technology and Development in the Third World Countries
Authors: Pandey Sid N.
Published: June 2016

In the light of Jacques Ellul's ideas on technology and Ivan Illich's views on education, what follows is a discussion of the present attempt of Botswana (amidst the Southern African Countries) to expand and modernize its educational system through the use of new technology to educate its people. The problems encountered in adopting technology are used as cautions for the Third World countries attracted to new technology for educating the vast majority. Illich's proposal for replacing the formal schools with the tools of conviviality for the learners is considered useful and relevant.
Pseudo-asymmetry of cerebral blood flow in arterial spin labeling caused by unilateral fetal-type circle of Willis: Technical limitation or a way to better understanding physiological variations of cerebral perfusion and improving arterial spin labeling acquisition?
Authors: Law-ye B , Geerts B , Galanaud D , Dormont D , Pyatigorskaya N
Published: June 2016

In the recently published article, “Unilateral fetal-type circle of Willis anatomy causes right-left asymmetry in cerebral blood flow with pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling: A limitation of arterial spin labeling-based cerebral blood flow measurements?”, it was shown by the method of arterial spin labeling (ASL) that unilateral fetal-type circle of Willis could induce variation of blood flow in cerebellar and posterior cerebral artery territory. We believe that the reported observation, rather than being a limitation, gives several interesting cues for understanding the ASL sequence. In this commentary, we formulate some suggestions regarding the use of ASL in clinical practice, discuss the potential causes of the above-mentioned pseudo-asymmetry and consider future improvements of the ASL technique.
Re-assessment of wind energy potential with new technology in India
Authors: Hossain Jami , Sharma Deepshikha , Mishra Neelu Kumar , Ansari Mohammad Ziaulhaq , Kishore Vallentyne Vinod Niranjan
Published: June 2016

In India, a transition from a primarily fossil fuel–based energy system to a predominantly renewable energy system must include harnessing of winds on a large scale in combination with other renewable energies. In order to achieve energy sustainability, it is imperative that there is detailed knowledge and understanding of the potential for harnessing wind energy. Here, we present the latest detailed assessment of potential for utilization of wind energy in India with predominant technologies that are being deployed and commercially available. The assessment, for the non-Himalayan regions, using a geographic information system–based method with National Centers for Environmental Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research Reanalysis data and measured wind speeds has been done. The method has been revalidated with actual measurements at 97 locations. It has been found that there is enough technically and economically viable wind energy potential to meet a major portion of current and future energy requirements in India. The total onshore and offshore potential for wind energy utilization in India is of the order of 2161–5900 GW depending on the land considerations, micro-siting and type of technology deployed.
Changes in migraine before and after menopause in Japanese climacteric women
Authors: Makita Kazuya , Inagaki Mieko , Kitamura Shigekazu , Tatsuoka Yoshihisa
Published: June 2016

Introduction

We conducted a questionnaire survey of Japanese women with migraine who presented at neurology and gynecology headache clinics to assess how the frequency and severity of migraine in pre-, peri-, and postmenopausal women changed as compared with what they experienced in their 20s and 30s.

Methods

The study group comprised 171 women with migraine (mean age 48.5) at the time of the survey. They were requested to fill out a self-administered questionnaire.

Results

(1) The current frequency and severity of migraine were claimed to be higher than that in their 20s and 30s. (2) More than 50% of postmenopausal women responded that migraines were currently less frequent than in their 20s and 30s. (3) The largest proportion of postmenopausal women responded that migraine was currently less severe than during any other period.

Conclusions

Our survey demonstrated that there are trends toward fewer migraine attacks and milder symptoms in postmenopausal Japanese women.
Ultrasound-Guided Injection Therapy of Achilles Tendinopathy With Platelet-Rich Plasma or Saline
Authors: Krogh Thøger P. , Ellingsen Torkell , Christensen Robin , Jensen Pia , Fredberg Ulrich
Published: June 2016

Background:

Achilles tendinopathy (AT) is a common and difficult to treat musculoskeletal disorder.

Purpose:

To examine whether 1 injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) would improve outcomes more effectively than placebo (saline) after 3 months in patients with AT.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.

Methods:

A total of 24 patients with chronic AT (median disease duration, 33 months) were randomized (1:1) to receive either a blinded injection of PRP (n = 12) or saline (n = 12). The primary endpoint was improvement in Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment–Achilles (VISA-A) score at 3 months. Secondary outcomes were pain at rest, pain while walking, pain when tendon was squeezed, ultrasonographic changes in tendon thickness, and color Doppler activity. Patients were informed that they could drop out after 3 months if they were dissatisfied with the treatment.

Results:

After 3 months, all 24 patients were reassessed (no dropouts). No difference between the PRP and the saline group could be observed with regard to the primary outcome (VISA-A score: mean difference [MD], –1.3; 95% CI, −17.8 to 15.2; P = .868). Secondary outcomes were pain at rest (MD, 1.6; 95% CI, −0.5 to 3.7; P = .137), pain while walking (MD, 0.8; 95% CI, −1.8 to 3.3; P = .544), pain when tendon was squeezed (MD, 0.3; 95% CI, −0.2 to 0.9; P = .208), color Doppler activity (MD, 0.3; 95% CI, −0.2 to 0.8; P = .260), and tendon thickness (MD, 0.8 mm; 95% CI, 0.1 to 1.6 mm; P = .030). After the 3-month follow-up, a large dropout was observed: 75% of patients in the PRP group and 33% in the saline group.

Conclusion:

PRP injection did not result in an improved VISA-A score over a 3-month period in patients with chronic AT compared with placebo. The only secondary outcome demonstrating a statistically significant difference between the groups was change in tendon thickness; this difference indicates that a PRP injection could increase tendon thickness compared with saline injection. The conclusions are limited to the 3 months after treatment owing to the large dropout rate.
Heterogeneity Within Domestic Violence Exposure: Young Adults’ Retrospective Experiences
Authors: Haselschwerdt Megan L. , Hlavaty Kathleen , Carlson Camille , Schneider Mallory , Maddox Lauren , Skipper Megan
Published: June 2016

Using Holden’s taxonomy of domestic violence (DV) exposure as a guiding framework, the current study examined young adults’ diverse DV exposure experiences. Twenty-five young adults (ages 19-25) exposed to father-perpetrated DV during their childhood and adolescence were interviewed using a qualitative descriptive design. Data analyses focused on coercive control exposure through reports of non-physical abuse tactics, types of exposure (e.g., direct, indirect), physical violence exposure (e.g., severity, frequency), and child abuse and harsh parenting practices. DV-exposed young adults were directly and indirectly exposed to physical violence and an array of non-physical abuse tactics toward their mothers. Young adults categorized as having been exposed to coercive controlling violence reported exposure to ongoing, non-physical abuse tactics and more frequent and severe physical violence. These young adults were also more likely to intervene and become victimized during physical violence and reported repeated episodes of child abuse and harsh parenting. Although coercive control appeared to be associated with physical violence and child abuse, generalizations should be made with caution as a few participants exposed to situational conflict were exposed to frequent and severe DV. The findings suggest that DV exposure should be measured in methodologically sophisticated ways to capture the heterogeneity in experiences, with the goal of promoting empirically driven intervention and prevention initiatives that are tailored to individual and family needs.