bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Projeto de rede de distribuição de energia elétrica, mapeamento e estudo de impacto de demanda do campus de Cachoeira do Sul da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
Authors: Biasotto Stephanie Pastorelli , Guarda Fernando Guilherme Kaehler , Martins Criciéle Castro
Published: June 2019

Há cerca de quatro anos, o Campus da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, localizado na cidade de Cachoeira do sul, está ativo e suas atividades são feitas de modo provisório em imóveis na região central e próxima ao centro. O Campus está atualmente em andamento com sua construção que receberá docentes, discentes e servidores técnico-administrativos e iniciará com cinco cursos de graduação, sendo que os mesmos já estão em atividade nos móveis provisórios. Um projeto de rede de distribuição de energia elétrica consiste em melhorar o funcionamento do Campus, levando em conta que como ainda está em construção, o Campus possui energia elétrica fornecida de modo provisório. A proposta do projeto suprirá a necessidade exigida pelo Campus, o software AUTOCAD será necessário para a realização do projeto. Obtido o projeto da rede elétrica, será realizado um mapeamento e modelagem de fluxo de potencia pelo software OPENDSS e demanda exigida, e quais serão os impactos dessa nova demanda no sistema elétrico na região.
Impact of Microprojects Program on Poverty Alleviation in Rural and Peri-urban Eswatini / Swaziland
Authors: Dlamini Marietta P. , Mkhaliphi Welcome M. , Mbingo Sibusiso T.
Published: June 2019

The aim of the study was to determine the variables explaining and predicting the impact of Microprojects Programme (MPP).  Purposive stratified samples of infrastructure projects target beneficiaries were drawn. A descriptive-correlational survey was conducted in the four administrative regions of Eswatini whose projects were within 2009 to 2011. Four different projects (cattle dip tanks, rural electrification, water supply schemes, and neighborhood care points) of the MPP were used in the study. A questionnaire containing both ratings and factual items was developed, validated and pretested before collecting data. The analyses used were percentages, means, standard deviations and multiple linear stepwise regression. Results showed that the MPP infrastructure projects made impact towards poverty alleviation on five of eleven measures but with high response variance: Human rights, basic needs, quality of life, access to public goods and services, and on consumption and diet. Most substantial amount of funding was invested on water supply schemes. The importance of knowledge and skills from MPP project development trainings were very highly rated with low response variance in: MPP procedures; group dynamics; project sustainability; and project management. Knowledge and skills attained through MPP trainings were found very effective especially in project planning and management. Beneficiaries’ attitudes were described by them with semantics: valuable, beneficial, successful and effective. Positive attitudes developed from MPP training, project type - rural electrification, and administrative region - northern Hhohho, explained the impact of MPP in descending order; while project type had the highest impact weight followed by positive attitudes developed and the administrative region. The MPP infrastructure projects have had some forms of impact but overall, only slightly positive. In order to improve service delivery, MPP has to decentralize its services and advertize its programs through radio, TV, and printed materials for better information reach.
Waist Circumference, Blood Pressure and Lifestyle of Sudanese Population, Khartoum Locality, Sudan 2016
Authors: Abdalla Asma Abdelaal , Balla Siham Ahmed , Babiker Amna Abdalla , Medani Safaa Abdelhameed , Khalfa Rania Abdalla Osman , Ali Ibtisam Ahmed
Published: June 2019

Aims: To measure the waist circumference of Sudanese adults in Khartoum Locality and its relationship to blood pressure and lifestyle  during celebration of international day of hypertension in May 2016 .

Study Design: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study.

Place of the Celebration: Khartoum Locality at Alsahaa Alkhadraa (The Green Park).

Methodology: A total of 364 adult participants, 196 men and 168 women were interviewed using structured questionnaire. Blood pressure (BP) was measured considering hypertension as ≥ 140 mmHg and ≥ 90 mmHg for systole and diastole BP respectively. Waist circumference was measured using an anthropometric measuring tape at cut-off point of 94 cm and 80 cm for men and women respectively. Data was managed by SPSS version 20 and Chi-square test at 95% CL was used to test the association between waist circumference, blood pressure and life style characteristics.

Results: Age distribution of the study population showed 48.2% females and 45.4% males in the middle age group (38-57 years). Two thirds of the study population were hypertensive, 62.8% of males and 64.3% of females. The mean waist circumference of men was 97.82 cm + 16.7, mean Systolic BP was 127 + 22 and mean Diastolic BP was 85 + 15. The mean waist circumference of women was 99.31 + 16.2, mean Systolic was 128 + 24 and mean Diastolic BP was 84 +17.

Abnormal waist circumference was found in 61.2% of males and 86.9% of females. Fifty nine (30.1%) of the males and 86 (51.2%) of the females with abnormal waist circumference were hypertensive. The association between abnormal waist circumference and high blood pressure was significant among both sexes, P value = 0.001.

Physical exercise and fat and salt foods were not significantly associated waist circumference in both men and women.

Conclusion: Two thirds of women and men in the celebrating areas were hypertensive.  Half of women and one third of men were significantly hypertensive and having abnormal waist circumference. Doing physical exercise, avoiding fat and salt foods was insignificantly associated with normal waist circumference. Large survey with representative sample is needed to estimate the real Sudanese waist circumference.
Soil Management in the Physical Attributes and the Wheat Crop Irrigated Productivity
Authors: Pereira Pedro Silvério Xavier , Bianchini Aloisio , Pallaoro Dryelle Sifuentes , Silva Wininton Mendes da , Daros Rodrigo Fernandes , Silva Antônio Renan Berchol da
Published: June 2019

The objective of this work was the influence of three management systems on the physical attributes and productivity of irrigated wheat, cultivar BRS-254, in the city of Tangará da Serra, MT, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block design in split plots, with eight replications, being considered as plots the three systems of soil management: Conventional management (MC) with two gradations (one heavy and one light); minimum management (MM) with light harrowing; and direct seeding (SD). As a subplot: two layers of soil (0 to 10 cm and 10 to 20 cm) and two seasons, being at 42 and 97 days after sowing (DAS) of wheat. The soil physical attributes evaluated were: macro and microporosity, total porosity, soil density and soil resistance to penetration. The yield of wheat crop was also evaluated. For the effects of MC, MM and SD, of the soil layers and DAS in the parameters macroporosity, microporosity and total soil porosity the MC and MM provided higher values ​​of macroporosity and microporosity decrease at 42 DAS. The macroporosity was higher in the layer up to 10 cm and the microporosity in the 20 cm layer at both the 42 and the 97 DAS. The aeration capacity of the soil followed in ascending order in the management systems SD <MC <MM. In SD there was a significant increase in macroporosity from 42 to 97 DAS. Microporosity presented higher value at 97 DAS. Total porosity, as well as macroporosity, presented the highest value at 42 DAS. For the effects on soil density at 42 DAS it was observed that the lowest density value was found in the MM followed by MC. At 97 DAS, the density values ​​practically returned to the initial value before the management intervention. It was verified that the soil density at the end of the crop cycle had an average value around 1.02 kg dm3. At 42 and 97 DAS the lowest soil density value was found in the 0 to 10 cm layer. In the 10 to 20 cm layer at 42 DAS, the SD had the highest soil density value in relation to the treatments studied, but at 97 DAS the SD had the lowest density value. For the effects on soil penetration resistance it was observed that soil resistance to penetration between MM and MC always remained below 2 MPa. The resistance curve showed that the soil rotation was efficient up to 10 cm depth, as they presented values ​​lower than those found for SD, which presented resistance values ​​between 1.5 and 2 MPa. For the effects on yield of irrigated wheat, the use of MM and SD as a way to reduce soil compaction did not contribute to the increase of yield of irrigated wheat. The MC provided higher productivity.
Direct Metal Deposition of Satellited Ti‐15Mo: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Tan Hua , Hu Tengteng , Zhang Fengying , Qiu Ying , Clare Adam T.
Published: June 2019

Satelliting has been shown to be an excellent method for rapid and low cost preparation of feedstock for metal‐based additive manufacturing. In this study, a biomedical titanium alloy Ti‐15Mo is produced by direct metal deposition (DMD) using the satelliting powder preparation method. The microstructure and mechanical properties are then explored. The microstructure in the DMD Ti‐15Mo sample consists primarily of fine equiaxed grains and near‐equiaxed grains. The cellular substructures are present at the bottom of each deposited layer while there are no obvious substructures in the upper region of each deposited layer. The formation of the morphologies of prior β grains is explained by combining the analysis of the nucleation effect of the partially un‐melted particles, while the substructure formation can be explained using the solidification and thermal cycling analysis during the DMD process. The compression test results show excellent compressive properties with a high strength of 1764 MPa and low compressive elastic modulus of 28.4 GPa.
H/F‐Substitution‐Induced Homochirality for Designing High‐Tc Molecular Perovskite Ferroelectrics
Authors: Tang Yuan‐Yuan , Ai Yong , Liao Wei‐Qiang , Li Peng‐Fei , Wang Zhong‐Xia , Xiong Ren‐Gen
Published: June 2019

A ferroelectric with a high phase‐transition temperature (Tc) is an indispensable condition for practical applications. Over the past decades, both strain engineering and the isotope effect have been found to effectively improve the Tc within ferroelectric material systems. However, the former strategy seems to prefer working in inorganic ferroelectric thin films, while the latter is also limited to some certain systems, such as hydrogen‐bonded ferroelectrics. It is noted that a mono‐fluorinated molecule is geometrically very similar to its parent molecule and the substitution of H by an F atom can introduce a chiral center on the molecule to template or stabilize polar structures. Significantly, the barrier of rotation of the fluorinated organic molecules is raised, resulting in a remarkable increase in Tc. Herein, by applying the molecular design strategy of H/F substitution to the organic–inorganic perovskite ferroelectric (pyrrolidinium)CdCl3 with a low Tc of 240 K, two high‐Tc chiral perovskite ferroelectrics, (R)‐ and (S)‐3‐F‐(pyrrolidinium)CdCl3 are successfully synthesized, for which the Tc reaches 303 K. The significant enhancement of 63 K in Tc extends the ferroelectric working temperature range to room temperature. This finding provides a new effective way to regulate the Tc in ferroelectrics and to design high‐Tc molecular ferroelectrics.
Responsive Liquid‐Crystal‐Clad Fibers for Advanced Textiles and Wearable Sensors
Authors: Guan Yu , Agra‐Kooijman Dena Mae , Fu Shaohai , Jákli Antal , West John L.
Published: June 2019

A simple process to clad conventional monofilament fibers with low‐molecular‐weight liquid crystals (LCs) stabilized by an outer polymer sheath is demonstrated. The fibers retain the responsive properties of the LCs but in a highly flexible/drapable format. The monofilament core makes these fibers much more rugged with a magnified response to external stimuli when compared to previously reported LC‐core fibers produced by electrospinning or airbrushing. The microscopic structure and the optical properties of round and flattened fibers are reported. The sensitivity of the response of individual fibers can be tuned over a broad range by varying the composition of the LCs. Complex fabrics can be easily woven from fibers that respond to different external stimuli, such as temperature variation, chemical concentrations, and pressure. The fabrics can be fashioned into garments that can sense and report the state of health of the wearer or the status of their environment.
Origin of Photocurrent and Voltage Losses in Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Han Guangchao , Yi Yuanping
Published: June 2019

Organic solar cells (OSCs) have recently achieved power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of over 16%. However, there still exist large losses in photocurrent and/or voltage in state‐of‐the‐art OSCs, making the PCEs still far below those of inorganic counterparts. Here, the factors and electronic processes for photocurrent and voltage losses are identified and discussed in the framework of device physics and photophysics. To simultaneously obtain both high photocurrent density and low voltage loss toward 20% PCEs, it is crucial to suppress the non‐radiative (NR) recombination of the lowest charge‐transfer (CT) state at the donor–acceptor interface. In principle, theoretical simulations can provide molecular insight into the origin of these losses, which is essential to guide material design. In particular, the authors highlight the importance of the local interface morphologies and the vibronic couplings on suppressing the NR decay of the lowest CT state according to recent theoretical studies.
Neuromorphic Functions of Light in Parity‐Time‐Symmetric Systems
Authors: Yu Sunkyu , Piao Xianji , Park Namkyoo
Published: June 2019

As an elementary processor of neural networks, a neuron performs exotic dynamic functions, such as bifurcation, repetitive firing, and oscillation quenching. To achieve ultrafast neuromorphic signal processing, the realization of photonic equivalents to neuronal dynamic functions has attracted considerable attention. However, despite the nonconservative nature of neurons due to energy exchange between intra‐ and extra‐cellular regions through ion channels, the critical role of non‐Hermitian physics in the photonic analogy of a neuron has been neglected. Here, a neuromorphic non‐Hermitian photonic system ruled by parity‐time symmetry is presented. For a photonic platform that induces the competition between saturable gain and loss channels, dynamical phases are classified with respect to parity‐time symmetry and stability. In each phase, unique oscillation quenching functions and nonreciprocal oscillations of light fields are revealed as photonic equivalents of neuronal dynamic functions. The proposed photonic system for neuronal functionalities will become a fundamental building block for light‐based neural signal processing.
Synthesis of Lanthanum Tungsten Oxynitride Perovskite Thin Films
Authors: Talley Kevin R. , Mangum John , Perkins Craig L. , Woods‐Robinson Rachel , Mehta Apurva , Gorman Brian P. , Brennecka Geoff L. , Zakutayev Andriy
Published: June 2019

Ternary metal‐oxide material systems commonly crystallize in the perovskite crystal structure, which is utilized in numerous electronic applications. In contrast to oxides, there are no known nitride perovskites, likely due to the competition with oxidation, which makes the formation of pure nitride materials difficult and synthesis of oxynitride materials more common. While deposition of oxynitride perovskite thin films is important for many electronic applications, it is difficult to control oxygen and nitrogen stoichiometry. Lanthanum tungsten oxynitride (LaWN3−δOδ) thin films with varying La:W ratio are synthesized by combinatorial sputtering and characterized for their chemical composition, crystal structure, and microstructure. A three‐step synthesis method, which involves co‐sputtering, capping layer deposition, and rapid thermal annealing, is established for producing crystalline thin films while minimizing the oxygen content. Elemental depth profiling results show that the cation‐stoichiometric films contain approximately one oxygen for every five nitrogen (δ = 0.5). Synchrotron‐based diffraction indicates a tetragonal perovskite crystal structure. These results are discussed in terms of the perovskite tolerance factors, octahedral tilting, and bond valence. Overall, this synthesis and characterization is expected to pave the way toward future thin film property measurements of lanthanum tungsten oxynitrides and eventual synthesis of oxygen‐free nitride perovskites.
Sleep‐disordered breathing and poststroke outcomes
Authors: Lisabeth Lynda D. , Sánchez Brisa N. , Lim David , Chervin Ronald D. , Case Erin , Morgenstern Lewis B. , Tower Susan , Brown Devin L.
Published: June 2019

Objective

To examine the association between sleep‐disordered breathing and stroke outcomes, and determine the contribution of sleep‐disordered breathing to outcome disparities in Mexican Americans.

Methods

Ischemic stroke patients (n = 995), identified from the population‐based Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi Project (2010–2015), were offered participation in a sleep‐disordered breathing study including a home sleep apnea test (ApneaLink Plus). Sleep‐disordered breathing (respiratory event index ≥10) was determined soon after stroke. Neurologic, functional, cognitive, and quality of life outcomes were assessed at 90 days poststroke. Regression models were used to assess associations between sleep‐disordered breathing and outcomes, adjusted for sociodemographics, prestroke function and cognition, health‐risk behaviors, stroke severity, and vascular risk factors.

Results

Median age was 67 years (interquartile range [IQR] = 59–78); 62.1% were Mexican American. Median respiratory event index was 14 (IQR = 6–25); 62.8% had sleep‐disordered breathing. Sleep‐disordered breathing was associated with worse functional outcome (mean difference in activities of daily living/instrumental activities of daily living score = 0.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.01–0.28) and cognitive outcome (mean difference in modified Mini‐Mental State Examination = −2.66, 95% CI = −4.85 to −0.47) but not neurologic or quality of life outcomes. Sleep‐disordered breathing accounted for 9 to 10% of ethnic differences in functional and cognitive outcome and was associated with cognitive outcome more strongly for Mexican Americans (β = −3.97, 95% CI = −6.63 to −1.31) than non‐Hispanic whites (β = −0.40, 95% CI = −4.18 to 3.39,p‐interaction = 0.15).

Interpretation

Sleep‐disordered breathing is associated with worse functional and cognitive function at 90 days poststroke. These outcomes are reasonable endpoints for future trials of sleep‐disordered breathing treatment in stroke. If effective, sleep‐disordered breathing treatment may somewhat lessen ethnic stroke outcome disparities. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:241–250
COX6A2 variants cause a muscle‐specific cytochrome c oxidase deficiency
Authors: Inoue Michio , Uchino Shumpei , Iida Aritoshi , Noguchi Satoru , Hayashi Shinichiro , Takahashi Tsutomu , Fujii Katsunori , Komaki Hirofumi , Takeshita Eri , Nonaka Ikuya , Okada Yukinori , Yoshizawa Takuya , Van Lommel Leentje , Schuit Frans , Goto Yu‐ichi , Mimaki Masakazu , Nishino Ichizo
Published: June 2019

Objective

Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) deficiency is a major mitochondrial respiratory chain defect that has vast genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity. This study aims to identify novel causative genes of COX deficiency with only striated muscle–specific symptoms.

Methods

Whole exome sequencing was performed in 2 unrelated individuals who were diagnosed with congenital myopathy and presented COX deficiency in muscle pathology. We assessed the COX6A2 variants using measurements of enzymatic activities and assembly of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes in the samples from the patients and knockout mice.

Results

Both patients presented muscle weakness and hypotonia in 4 limbs along with facial muscle weakness. One patient had cardiomyopathy. Neither patient exhibited involvement from other organs. Whole exome sequencing identified biallelic missense variants in COX6A2, which is expressed only in the skeletal muscle and heart. The variants detected were homozygous c.117C > A (p.Ser39Arg) and compound heterozygous c.117C > A (p.Ser39Arg) and c.127T > C (p.Cys43Arg). We found specific reductions in complex IV activities in the skeletal muscle of both individuals. Assembly of complex IV and its supercomplex formation were impaired in the muscle.

Interpretation

This study indicates that biallelic variants in COX6A2 cause a striated muscle–specific form of COX deficiency. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:193–202
Early electroencephalography for outcome prediction of postanoxic coma: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Ruijter Barry J. , Tjepkema‐Cloostermans Marleen C. , Tromp Selma C. , van den Bergh Walter M. , Foudraine Norbert A. , Kornips Francois H. M. , Drost Gea , Scholten Erik , Bosch Frank H. , Beishuizen Albertus , van Putten Michel J. A. M. , Hofmeijer Jeannette
Published: June 2019

Objective

To provide evidence that early electroencephalography (EEG) allows for reliable prediction of poor or good outcome after cardiac arrest.

Methods

In a 5‐center prospective cohort study, we included consecutive, comatose survivors of cardiac arrest. Continuous EEG recordings were started as soon as possible and continued up to 5 days. Five‐minute EEG epochs were assessed by 2 reviewers, independently, at 8 predefined time points from 6 hours to 5 days after cardiac arrest, blinded for patients’ actual condition, treatment, and outcome. EEG patterns were categorized as generalized suppression (<10 μV), synchronous patterns with ≥50% suppression, continuous, or other. Outcome at 6 months was categorized as good (Cerebral Performance Category [CPC] = 1–2) or poor (CPC = 3–5).

Results

We included 850 patients, of whom 46% had a good outcome. Generalized suppression and synchronous patterns with ≥50% suppression predicted poor outcome without false positives at ≥6 hours after cardiac arrest. Their summed sensitivity was 0.47 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.42–0.51) at 12 hours and 0.30 (95% CI = 0.26–0.33) at 24 hours after cardiac arrest, with specificity of 1.00 (95% CI = 0.99–1.00) at both time points. At 36 hours or later, sensitivity for poor outcome was ≤0.22. Continuous EEG patterns at 12 hours predicted good outcome, with sensitivity of 0.50 (95% CI = 0.46–0.55) and specificity of 0.91 (95% CI = 0.88–0.93); at 24 hours or later, specificity for the prediction of good outcome was <0.90.

Interpretation

EEG allows for reliable prediction of poor outcome after cardiac arrest, with maximum sensitivity in the first 24 hours. Continuous EEG patterns at 12 hours after cardiac arrest are associated with good recovery. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:203–214
Poly(difluorophosphazene) as the First Deep‐Ultraviolet Nonlinear Optical Polymer: A First‐Principles Prediction
Authors: Kang Lei , Zhang Xinyuan , Liang Fei , Lin Zheshuai , Huang Bing
Published: June 2019

A novel concept to obtain the deep‐ultraviolet (DUV) nonlinear optical (NLO) materials is proposed based on the assembling of one‐dimensional (1D) polar motifs into quasi‐1D polymer patterns. Based on the first‐principles calculations, we have successfully discovered an excellent DUV NLO polymer, i.e., poly(difluorophosphazene), with the chemical formula of (PNF2)n. Calculations reveal that PNF2 has a larger band gap, a stronger second harmonic generation effect, a larger birefringence, and a shorter phase‐matching cutoff than KBe2BO3F2. These findings not only demonstrate that the PNF2 is the first reported DUV NLO polymer, but also could open a new direction to discover novel DUV NLO materials in polymer systems.
Prevention of poly(vinyl chloride) degradation through organic terephthalamides generated from poly(ethylene terephthalate) waste
Authors: Verma Anjali , Soni Rakesh Kumar , Teotia Meenu
Published: June 2019

The use of organic compounds as thermal stabilizers for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) stabilization is the current state of art worldwide owing to their high efficiency and nontoxic residues after degradation. Terephthalamide, N,N′‐dimethylterephthalamide and N,N′‐dibutylterephthalamide have been prepared via depolymerization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) through an economical and environmentally friendly approach. These compounds have been examined as thermal stabilizers for PVC formulations and found to exhibit high thermal stabilizing effects. Thermal stability measurements were performed using conventional Congo red test method. Color change experiments were conducted by heating the samples at 200 °C in air, and the colored compounds formed were extracted and compared with the help of UV–visible spectroscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic studies of organic terephthalamides incorporated PVC samples have been performed in order to insight the probable mechanistic aspects involved in thermal stabilization process. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) thermograms of PVC sheets loaded with 10 wt % organic terephthalamides have been recorded and were found stable below 200 °C. SEM and energy dispersive X‐ray analysis of char residues of TGA samples were performed supporting the proposed thermal stabilizing action of the organic terephthalamides. Furthermore, specific gravity and mechanical performance of the PVC sheets have also been reported assisting in finding suitable commercial applications of PVC formulations. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48022.
Cytoskeletal Exposure in the Regulation of Immunity and Initiation of Tissue Repair
Authors: Gordon Oliver , Reis e Sousa Caetano
Published: June 2019

This article reviews and discusses emerging evidence suggesting an evolutionarily‐conserved connection between injury‐associated exposure of cytoskeletal proteins and the induction of tolerance to infection, repair of tissue damage and restoration of homeostasis. While differences exist between vertebrates and invertebrates with respect to the receptor(s), cell types, and effector mechanisms involved, the response to exposed cytoskeletal proteins appears to be protective and to rely on a conserved signaling cassette involving Src family kinases, the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase Syk, and tyrosine phosphatases. A case is made for research programs that integrate different model organisms in order to increase the understanding of this putative response to tissue damage.
Prevalence of fragile X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome: A survey of essential tremor patients with cerebellar signs or extrapyramidal signs
Authors: Park Ji‐Hyung , Jang Wooyoung , Youn Jinyoung , Ki Chang‐Seok , Kim Byoung Joon , Kim Hee‐Tae , Louis Elan D. , Cho Jin Whan
Published: June 2019

Objectives

In screening studies of Western patients with cerebellar dysfunction, FMR1 premutations have been detected. A screening study of East Asian patients with presumed essential tremor (ET) did not detect these mutations, possibly because the ET patients did not closely mimic the phenotype of fragile X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of FMR1 premutations in a carefully recruited group of ET patients with additional phenotypic features of FXTAS.

Materials and Methods

From April 2014 to April 2018, we prospectively recruited patients with ET diagnoses from three tertiary care centers. Demographic and clinical data were collected, as well as data on presence of cerebellar signs and extrapyramidal signs (EPS). Tremor, cerebellar signs, and EPS were evaluated using appropriate clinical rating scales. For ET patients with additional cerebellar signs or EPS, FMR1 mutation analysis and brain magnetic resonance imaging were performed.

Results

Six hundred and three ET patients were recruited. Cerebellar signs or EPS were present in 168 (27.9%) of 603. FMR1 CGG repeat analysis was performed in 74 of 168 patients. Fifty‐two of 74 had cerebellar signs only, three had EPS only, and 19 had both neurologic abnormalities. Two patients had a FMR1 premutation and fulfiled both clinical and radiological criteria of FXTAS.

Conclusions

Two (2.7%) of 74 patients with presumed ET and additional neurological features were discovered to have FXTAS. The possibility of FXTAS should be considered in patients with ET who exhibit mild cerebellar signs or EPS.
Direct Radiation Effects on the Structure and Stability of Collagen and Other Proteins
Authors: Lalande Mathieu , Schwob Lucas , Vizcaino Violaine , Chirot Fabien , Dugourd Philippe , Schlathölter Thomas , Poully Jean‐Christophe
Published: June 2019

In this review, recent progress in understanding the direct effects of radiation on the structure and stability of collagen, the most abundant protein in the human body, and other proteins is surveyed. Special emphasis is placed on the triple‐helical structure of collagen, as studied by means of collagen mimetic peptides. The emerging patterns are the dose dependence of radiation processes and their abundance, the crucial role of radicals in covalent‐bond formation (crosslinking) or cleavage, and the influence of the radiation energy and nature. Future research should allow fundamental questions, such as charge transfer and fragmentation dynamics triggered by ionization, to be answered, as well as developing applications such as protein‐based biomaterials, notably with properties controlled by irradiation.
Zuverlässige Netzwerke für Industrie 4.0
Authors: Crocoll Nora
Published: June 2019

Von der Planung bis zur Auslieferung einer Maschine ist es ein langer Weg. Trotz aller Qualitätssicherung und umfangreicher Tests im eigenen Haus beginnt für den Konstrukteur mit der Inbetriebnahme der Maschine – oft viele hunderte Kilometer entfernt – eine spannende Zeit. Immer öfter kommt es nämlich vor, dass eine Maschine, die im eigenen Haus hervorragend funktionierte, beim Einsatz vor Ort diffuse, nicht reproduzierbare Ereignisse verursacht, die der Konstrukteur nun aus der Ferne beheben soll. Ohne klare Problembeschreibung ist es ihm aber unmöglich, die Ursachen aufzudecken.
Prozesse in Bewegung halten
Authors: Heidl Markus
Published: June 2019

Bewegung und Leistung von pneumatischen und hydraulischen Linearantrieben hängen in erster Linie von Druckkontrolle und ‐regelung ab. Anders bei elektrischen Linearaktuatoren: Hier kommt es ausschließlich auf die geeignete Kraftmessung an, in dem Fall auf
Mischen und Pumpen
Authors: Jessberger Kurt
Published: June 2019

Die Mischpumpe aus Edelstahl 1.4571 (V4A) ohne Gleitringdichtung wird überall dort eingesetzt, wo in einem Arbeitsgang gemischt und gepumpt werden soll: bei sauberen, dünnflüssigen und leichtviskosen, aggressiven und nichtaggressiven, brennbaren und nichtbrennbaren Flüssigkeiten in Fässern (1.000 mm Tauchrohrlänge) und Behältern/Containern (1.200 mm Tauchrohrlänge).
Flanschbund‐Verbindung
Authors: Schlemenat Alfred
Published: June 2019

Durch Nutzung der Flanschbund‐Verbindung System „Schlemenat“ sowohl an Neuanlagen als auch durch Umbauten an vorhandenen Kolonnentürmen ergeben sich für den gesamten Industriebereich des Kolonnenbaus wirtschaftliche Vorteile gegenüber den gegenwärtigen B
Mehrwertmessung
Authors: Faustmann Hendrik
Published: June 2019

Die Prozess‐ und Automatisierungstechnik in Pharma‐, Bio‐ und Lebensmitteltechnik benötigt für viele Arbeitsschritte exakte Messwerte des aktuellen Volumenstroms. Auch andere Branchen in denen dosiert und filtriert wird, sind auf solche Daten angewiesen. FLOWave‐Sensoren von Bürkert Fluid Control Systems, die mit der innovativen SAW‐Technologie arbeiten haben sich dafür in vielen Hygiene‐Anwendungen bewährt.
Node failure resiliency for Uintah without checkpointing
Authors: Sahasrabudhe Damodar , Berzins Martin , Schmidt John
Published: June 2019

The frequency of failures in upcoming exascale supercomputers may well be greater than at present due to many‐core architectures if component failure rates remain unchanged. This potential increase in failure frequency coupled with I/O challenges at exascale may prove problematic for current resiliency approaches such as checkpoint restarting, although the use of fast intermediate memory may help. Algorithm‐based fault tolerance (ABFT) using adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) is one resiliency approach used to address these challenges. For adaptive mesh codes, a coarse mesh version of the solution may be used to restore the fine mesh solution. This paper addresses the implementation of the ABFT approach within the Uintah software framework: both at a software level within Uintah and in the data reconstruction method used for the recovery of lost data. This method has two problems: inaccuracies introduced during the reconstruction propagate forward in time, and the physical consistency of variables, such as positivity or boundedness, may be violated during interpolation. These challenges can be addressed by the combination of two techniques: (1) a fault‐tolerant message passing interface (MPI) implementation to recover from runtime node failures, and (2) high‐order interpolation schemes to preserve the physical solution and reconstruct lost data. The approach considered here uses a “limited essentially nonoscillatory” (LENO) scheme along with AMR to rebuild the lost data without checkpointing using Uintah. Experiments were carried out using a fault‐tolerant MPI‐user‐level failure mitigation to recover from runtime failure and LENO to recover data on patches belonging to failed ranks, while the simulation was continued to the end. Results show that this ABFT approach is up to 10× faster than the traditional checkpointing method. The new interpolation approach is more accurate than linear interpolation and not subject to the overshoots found in other interpolation methods.
Performance validation of clustering algorithms using selection of attributes and application of filters in terms of data reduction
Authors: Hemavathy P. , Chinnadurai M.
Published: June 2019

Clustering in unsupervised learning is a method to find inherent group of set of unlabeled data. Such set of groups are termed as Clusters. Grouping of datasets in to clusters involves minimization of the interclass similarity and maximization of the intraclass similarity. Therefore, clustering the large datasets introduces the concept called Data Reduction. Data reduction is a simple process of identifying a relevant feature subset, which is enough to represent the selected large datasets. Here, the data reduction is done in terms of applying two clustering algorithms like Expectation and Maximization‐EM and K‐Means with filters in unsupervised category (i) Normalize filter in Instance level and (ii) Randomize filter in attribute level and selection of attributes. The results shows that the Livestock dataset applied with selection of attributes and preprocessing filter named Normalize in attribute level and Randomize in instance level on which the EM and K‐Means algorithm are executed, and the results are compared and analyzed in terms of data reduction. Therefore, the K‐Means algorithm applied with Randomize filter at instance level and selection of attributes and finally K‐Means algorithm show good performance in case of large datasets when compared with other clustering algorithms.
Graphene Grown from Flat and Bowl Shaped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Cu(111)
Authors: Li Jingyi , Lampart Samuel , Siegel Jay S. , Ernst Karl‐Heinz , Wäckerlin Christian
Published: June 2019

The growth of carbon layers, defective graphene, and graphene by deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on Cu(111) is studied by scanning tunneling microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Two different PAHs are used as starting materials: the buckybowl pentaindenocorannulene (PIC) which contains pentagonal rings and planar coronene (CR). For both precursors, with increasing sample temperature during deposition, porous carbon aggregates (350 °C), dense carbon layers (400–450 °C), disordered defective graphene (500 °C–550 °C), and extended graphene (≥600 °C) are obtained. No significant differences for defective graphene grown from PIC and CR are observed. C 1s X‐ray photoelectron spectra of PIC and CR derived samples grown at 350–550 °C exhibit a characteristic C−Cu low binding energy component. Preparation at ≥600 °C eliminates this C−Cu species and only C−C bonded carbon remains.
Distribution of fish among Avicennia and Sonneratia microhabitats in a tropical mangrove ecosystem in South China
Authors: Zhang Yamian , Ding Yipeng , Wang Wenqing , Li Yuanxi , Wang Mao
Published: June 2019

Mangrove structural complexity plays an important role in the way fish using their habitat. However, the effects of structural attributes on fish spatial distribution remain uncertain. In this study, we sampled fish at three easily identifiable microhabitats (i.e., vegetated area with both mangrove trees and pneumatophores, pneumatophore area without trees, and adjacent mudflat without trees and pneumatophores) within two sites dominated by Avicennia marina and Sonneratia apetala in a large estuarine system in South China from 2014 to 2015, and explored the fish community differences in these microhabitats. Our results showed that fish assemblages varied significantly among the three microhabitats, with distinct community assembly patterns between sites. At the Avicennia site, highest fish diversity was recorded at the mudflat, followed by the pneumatophore area and the vegetated area. In contrast, the opposite pattern was observed at the Sonneratia site. Fish size also differed significantly among microhabitats, with smaller fish presented in the vegetated areas. Within the same mangrove types, the height and biomass of pneumatophores as well as density of trees showed significant effects on the among‐microhabitat variations of fish assemblages. Fish abundance was positively associated with pneumatophore height and negatively correlated with pneumatophore biomass at the Avicennia site. While at the Sonneratia site, it was positively correlated with pneumatophore biomass. We conclude that the spatial variations of fish community are highly correlated with the structural complexity of mangroves. However, the specific effects might be mangrove species‐dependent.
Habitat complexity mediates the predator–prey space race
Authors: Smith Justine A. , Donadio Emiliano , Pauli Jonathan N. , Sheriff Michael J. , Bidder Owen R. , Middleton Arthur D.
Published: June 2019

The spatial relationship between predator and prey is often conceptualized as a behavioral response race, in which prey avoid predators while predators track prey. Limiting habitat types can create spatial anchors for prey or predators, influencing the likelihood that the predator or prey response will dominate. Joint spatial anchors emerge when predator and prey occupy similar feeding habitat domains and risk and reward become spatially conflated, confusing predictions of which player will win the space race. These spatial dynamics of risk‐foraging trade‐offs are often obscured by habitat heterogeneity and community complexity in large vertebrate systems, fueling ambiguity regarding the generality of predictions from predator–prey theory. To test how habitat distribution influences the predator–prey space race, we examine correlation in puma and vicuña habitat selection and space use at two sites, one of which generates a distinct risk–foraging trade‐off at a joint spatial anchor. The distribution of vegetation, which serves as both forage for vicuñas and stalking cover for pumas, differs between the sites; the llano contains a single central meadow that acts as a joint spatial anchor, while the canyon is characterized by more heterogeneous vegetation. Puma–vicuña habitat selection correlation was positive in the llano and negative in the canyon, and similarly, utilization distributions were more strongly correlated in the llano than the canyon. Vicuña locations occurred at higher values of puma habitat selection and utilization in the llano than in the canyon. Similarly, puma locations in the llano occurred at higher values of vicuña habitat selection and utilization than in the canyon. Although pumas consistently selected for and utilized vegetative and topographic cover regardless of habitat distribution, vicuñas only selected against vegetation in the heterogeneous canyon site, reducing spatial correlation with pumas. Our work suggests a joint spatial anchor favors pumas in the space race due to the inability for vicuñas to avoid crucial foraging habitat. The outcome of the predator–prey space race appears to be strongly informed by the distribution of habitat, whereby corresponding predictability of predator and prey favors predators in the spatial game.
EurJOC – 50 Years of Rotaxanes
Authors: Sauvage Jean‐Pierre
Published: June 2019

Guest editor Jean‐Pierre Sauvage introduces the Special Issue dedicated to 50 Years of Rotaxanes.
Enhanced Performance of a Single Chamber Microbial Fuel Cell Using NiWO4/Reduced Graphene Oxide Coated Carbon Cloth Anode
Authors: Geetanjali  , Rani R. , Kumar S.
Published: June 2019

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology has potential to generate bioelectricity. However, the low power density problem is considerably associated with anode materials and its performance. In this study, modified anodes for single chamber MFC (SMFC) have been developed using NiWO4 impregnated on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) (NWG) composite. The analytical and morphological properties of rGO, NiWO4 particles and NWG composites have been characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM and TEM. The electrochemical activity and capacitance of modified anode(s) are determined by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatics charge‐discharge, respectively. Modified NWG composite (2 mmol)‐carbon cloth (CC) anode has highest capacitance value of 47.27 ± 0.18 F cm−2. The maximum power density obtained by modified NWG composite (2 mmol)‐CC anode was observed to be 1128 ± 42 mW m−2 which was 6.57 times higher than the unmodified anode (171 ± 8 mW m−2). Electrochemical impedance spectra results indicate a substantial improvement in electron transfer between the microbes and the modified NWG composites‐CC anodes. The decrease in the internal resistance of SMFC system is observed due to the improved electrochemical capacitance and synergistic effect between NiWO4 and rGO. In conclusion, modified NWG composites‐CC anodes enhance the performance considerably and show excellent potential in electrode surface electrocatalyst modifier in MFCs.
Do U.S. investors worry about fear in international equity markets? Empirical evidence on dynamic panel data
Authors: Cheuathonghua Massaporn , Padungsaksawasdi Chaiyuth
Published: June 2019

This is the first study of the dynamic relation between U.S. bilateral equity flows and the Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE's) implied volatility around the globe that employs the panel vector autoregression. We primarily find the unidirectional interdependence relation from the fear indices to the U.S. net equity flows and to the U.S. equity outflows, respectively. In addition, the impact of the fear indices on the U.S. equity flows is asymmetric, suggesting that U.S. investors are more sensitive during a high level of fear in foreign equity markets. Moreover, flight‐to‐quality, informational frictions and distance, and benefits of international portfolio diversification help to explain the movement of U.S. capital flows between European countries and Asia‐Pacific countries. Our findings call for policy makers in local equity markets to consider the impact.
Smallholder farmers' market participation and mobile phone‐based market information services in Lilongwe, Malawi
Authors: Chikuni Thokozani , Kilima Fredy T.M.
Published: June 2019

There has been growing interest in the development of technology‐based systems to empower farmers in Africa. This paper determines the effect of mobile phone‐based market information services (MIS) on farmers' decisions to participate in maize markets in Lilongwe, Malawi. The study reveals insufficient evidence to suggest that the MIS influence farmers' market participation decisions. Knowledge of prevailing prices may not necessarily guarantee farmers market participation, especially when buyers determine market prices and transaction costs are high. Consequently, farmers with no access to alternative markets fail to improve their marketing outcomes. The findings suggest that channelling government's resources towards improving extension services and increasing farmers' productivity are ideal ways to promote the participation of smallholder farmers in agricultural markets. The findings also underscore the need to integrate radio and mobile phones in agricultural MIS and to provide farmers with information related to agricultural production in addition to market prices. These recommendations could be realized through better coordination of market access initiatives involving smallholder farmers, government departments, NGOs, mobile network operators, and media houses.
Teaching mands for information using speech generating devices: A replication and extension
Authors: Shillingsburg M. Alice , Marya Videsha , Bartlett Brittany L. , Thompson Taylor M.
Published: June 2019

Approximately 30% of individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) fail to develop vocal communication and, therefore, use some form of augmentative or alternative communication system. The current study replicates and extends previous research on teaching “Who?” and “Which?” mands for information to 3 young children diagnosed with ASD using a speech generating device. Procedures were evaluated using a multiple baseline across participants design. All participants learned to mand for information and, subsequently, used the information to access preferred items.
Using heart rate as a physical activity metric
Authors: Eckard Matthew L. , Kuwabara Hana C. , Van Camp Carole M.
Published: June 2019

Physical activity (PA) is critical for a healthy lifestyle. The current study assessed heart rate (HR) as a primary measure of moderate and vigorous PA with four typically developing children. First, individualized HR assessments were conducted to determine moderate and vigorous HR zones. Next, participants engaged in various exercises at a local YMCA facility (i.e., biking, elliptical, basketball, and exergame boxing) to determine how HR during these activities aligned with their individualized HR zones. During exercise bouts, HR was typically above moderate, but below vigorous HR zones for all participants. Additionally, exercises that restricted range of motion (i.e., biking and elliptical) engendered generally lower HR than exercises with greater range of motion. Vocal instructions to exercise at vigorous levels were effective at increasing HR to vigorous levels for one participant. The advantages of using HR as a metric of PA during assessment and intervention are discussed.