bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Anti VEGF Agent in Management of Primary Pterygium
Authors: Singh Abhinav , Patyal Sagarika , Baranwal Vinod K. , Kapoor Gaurav
Published: November 2018

Objective:

To assess the role of Anti VEGF agent in management of primary pterygium.

Study Design:

Prospective Study.

Methodology:

This prospective comparative study included twenty (20) eyes with primary nasal pterygium and off label use of a single dose of subconjunctival injection of Bevacizumab (0.05 ml, 1.25 mg) injected in the body of pterygium. The vascularity, thickness and size (in cm2) was recorded at baseline and 08 weeks after injection. The main outcome measures were the change in size, vascularity and thickness.

Result:

There were 16 males (80%) and 04 females (20%), with a mean age of 41.5 yrs. There was no significant difference in the mean surface area of pterygium at different time intervals. However, the thickness and vascularity of the pterygium was significantly reduced. There was a significant difference in the pterygium grading by 2 masked observers at different times. At baseline, there were 14 (70%) grade II and 6 (30%) grade III pterygium. At 08 weeks post injection, there were 7 (35%) with grade I pterygium, 10 (50%) with grade II & 3 (15%) with grade III pterygium. No serious ocular or systemic side defects were observed.

Conclusion:

Single dose subconjunctival injection of bevacizumab resulted in regression of pterygium thickness and vascularity. However, local injection of bevacizumab showed no significant difference in the size of the pterygium at the end of 08 weeks. The long term effect of anti VEGF agent in the management of primary pterygium requires further evaluation.
Complications of Peribulbar Block in the Sitting Posture - An Exploratory Study
Authors: Madhuri Venigalla , Anees Fathima , Sudhakar Potti , Nandish Mashru
Published: November 2018

Purpose:

To review the complications of peribulbar block (PBB) in sitting posture of the patient.

Methods:

Retrospective analysis of complications in 211 patients who had been given PBB in sitting posture during 1 year period between April 2015 till June 2016 at a tertiary care hospital (Sankara eye hospital), Guntur was done. These included orbital regional anaesthesia for cataract, trabeculectomy, retinal detachment, other vitreoretinal surgeries etc, both in paying OT and non-paying (camp) OT.

Results:

Out of 43,200 patients operated in a year at Sankara eye hospital, Guntur who received PBB in sitting posture, 211 patients (0.48%) had block related complications; bradycardia-77 (0.17%) patients; syncope-46 (0.11%); periorbital haematoma-37 (0.08%); retrobulbar hemorrhage-21 (0.05%); Xylocaine hypersensitivity-16 (0.04%); globe perforation-8 (0.02%); wrong eye block-6 (0.01%). All the above were treated and sufficient preventive measures were taken accordingly.

Conclusion:

Ophthalmologists must be prepared to deal with rare but serious complications that can occur with orbital regional anaesthesia.
Evaluation of Fundoscopic Findings in HIV Positive Patients in Relation to HAART and CD4 Count
Authors: Joshi Ajit Kamalakar , Patel Natasha , Kalita Krishangee
Published: November 2018

Aim:

To evaluate the fundus findings in patients with HIV in correlation to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and CD4 count.

Materials and Methods:

It was a hospital based observational study. It was conducted from December 2014 to September 2016 in the Ophthalmology Department, Bharati Hospital, Sangli. A total of 195 registered HIV patients on HAART were selected for the study. Informed written consent of the subjects to participate in the study was taken. Patients of both sexes of any age group were included. Patients who did not give consent for the study were excluded.

Result:

The mean age of study subjects was 40.49 years. 83.6% subjects had a best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) between 6/6 to 6/9 in the right eye, 82.6% had BCVA between 6/6 to 6/9 in the left eye. Visual acuity was below 6/60 in 5.1% subjects. The most common anterior segment pathology was cataract (8.2%), corneal opacity (2.1%), pterygium (2.1%) and pseudophakia. CD4 count above 500 cells/mm3 was seen in 28.7% cases while below 250 cells/mm3 was seen in 29.3% cases. The mean age of study subjects was 40.49 years with 51.8% between 21-40 years. Female predominance was observed in study group with 57.9% females to 42.1% males. The prevalence of ophthalmic manifestations in HIV patients on HAART was observed as 37.9%. Prevalance of posterior segment manifestations was 19.5%. Prevalance of ophthalmic pathology increased as CD4 count decreased (250 cells/mm3).

Conclusion:

In the present study, significant posterior segment manifestations were seen in HIV positive patients on HAART. Low CD4 count is a risk as well as predictor for ocular manifestations. Advent of HAART has reduced the prevalence of ocular manifestations. Routine referral system for ocular evaluation from other medical departments is mandatory for timely diagnosis of the vision threatening conditions. It is therefore recommended that eye care should be a part of medical care in the management of patients on HAART.
Incidence of Clinical and Subclinical Cystoid Macular Edema in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients After Cataract Surgery by Means of Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Deshpande Aditi Chinmay , Prabhudesai Nitin , Deshpande Chinmay V.
Published: November 2018

Purpose:

To evaluate the incidence of clinical and subclinical cystoid macular edema in diabetic and non-diabetic patients after cataract surgery by means of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT).

Materials & Methods:

A total of 30 eyes of 30 patients (15 diabetic and 15 non-diabetic) aged between 50 and 80 years diagnosed to have cataract were enrolled. Patients were investigated for absence of any evidence of macular edema with OCT before surgery. After undergoing cataract extraction by phacoemulsification with foldable IOL implant, OCT was again carried out at post operative 1st week and 4th week to know the foveal thickness and total macular volume. Similarly distance visual acuity was recorded at post-operative 1st and 4th week on Snellen's visual acuity chart. The comparison was done between visual acuity and OCT readings obtained in non-diabetic and diabetic patients to know the incidence of cystoid macular edema (CME).

Results:

There was no significant change found between foveal thickness measured pre-operatively and post-operatively at 1st and 4th week in diabetic and non-diabetic group but significant increase of total macular volume was found at post operative 4 weeks when compared with baseline in non-diabetic (p=<0.001) and diabetic group (p=0.035). There was a significant correlation found in foveal thickness and visual acuity in diabetic patients at 4th week of surgery.

Conclusions:

This study has shown a low incidence of subclinical CME. OCT sho wed increased macular volume in both groups of patients in a small percentage of cases.
Comparison of Topographic and Biomicroscopic Features Among Symptomatic Keratoconic Eyes
Authors: Prasannakumary C. , Valiyaveettil Babitha , Prabhu Padma B. , Jyothi P. T.
Published: November 2018

Aim and objectives:

This study tries to estimate the relationship between biomicroscopic features and topographic features of keratoconus.

Design:

Descriptive cross sectional study.

Materials and Methods:

Symptomatic keratoconic patients between the age group of 10-30 years were included in this study. Biomicroscopic examination, retinoscopy and corneal topography were done for the patients and their correlation studied.

Results:

The study group included 92 keratoconic eyes having defective vision. The mean age of patients with keratoconus was 20.08 years (SD ± 4.5), 59% (n=54) were males. This study showed a statistically significant positive correlation between anterior segment findings and corneal topographic features.

Conclusion:

Along with biomicroscopic examination, corneal topographic examination is an important method for diagnosis of keratoconus.
Transparent Corneal Foreign Body - A Diagnostic Challenge in Children
Authors: Jinagal Jitender , Gupta Gaurav , Maurya Deepak Chandra , Ram Jagat
Published: November 2018

A 5-years-old male, presented with unilateral itching, watering and photophobia, treated as allergic conjunctivitis elsewhere, with no improvement. On slit-lamp biomicroscopy, a shining reflex in superficial stroma was noted and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) was suggestive of some foreign body (FB). On examination under anaesthesia, thin transparent plastic paper sheet FB was found and removed. Postoperatively, the FB impaction site was healed and replaced by a nebular corneal opacity. To conclude, careful examination as well as AS-OCT is helpful in detection of retained transparent intra-corneal foreign bodies especially in paediatric age group, in which history is not always reliable.
Consecutive Exotropia: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Singh Neha , Singh Vinita
Published: November 2018

Consecutive exotropia is a manifest exotropia that develops in a formerly esotropie patient. Management of consecutive exotropia is rendered difficult due to scarring from previous surgery, lack of well established surgical dose corrections, high incidence of late exodrifts and requirement of multiple surgeries. We present a case of consecutive V pattern exotropia with mixed amblyopia in the left eye, managed in a staged surgery.
A Rare Case of Keratomycosis Due to Myriodontium keratinophilum
Authors: Kochhar Shivani , Gupta Vishnu Swarup , Sethi Harinder Singh , Capoor Malini R.
Published: November 2018

Purpose:

To report a rare case of keratomycosis due to Myriodontium keratinophilum, which has not been previously reported.

Materials and Methods:

A 60 year old male patient with pseudophakic bullous keratopathy with rupture bullae and history of use of bandaged contact lens developed a corneal ulcer. Corneal scraping from the base and edge of the ulcer was obtained under slit lamp magnification and smear sent for various aerobic and anaerobic bacterial and fungal cultures such as Gram stain, Giemsa stain, KOH mount, Lacto-phenol Cotton-blue mount, culture on Brain-heart infusion based blood agar, chocolate agar and Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) to identify the type and time of growth to be able to diagnose the pathognomonic agent causing the keratitis.

Result:

Positive smears and cultures from the corneal scrapings identified the causative agent as Myriodontium Keratinophilum. The clinical improvement was significant with meticulous use of hourly topical natamycin, and oral fluconazole twice a day. The corneal ulcer resolved with the formation of leucomatous corneal opacity. The patient was further registered for penentrating keratoplasty.

Conclusion:

This case report lays emphasis on a thorough microbiological work up to provide insightful information thereby expanding our knowledge and spawning new research organisms which may not have been reported earlier. We hereby report a culture proven case of fungal keratitis due to a very rare species; Myriodontium keratinophilum.
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Following Strabismus Surgery
Authors: Kaur Savleen , Zadeng Zoramthara , Dogra Mangat R.
Published: November 2018

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) has been reported to occur after various kinds of intraocular surgery. We discuss a case of CSCR occurring in a 38-year male after an uneventful strabismus surgery. We aim to increase awareness about such a complication after strabismus surgery along with the possible hypothesis.
Migratory Caterpillar Hairs: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Ambastha Anita , Kusumesh Rakhi , Mohan Nilesh , Gupta Piyush
Published: November 2018

Caterpillars cause many ocular lesions. These can enter into the eye ball and migrate to the ocular tissues resulting in secondary inflammatory reaction to the foreign body. Here, we report a case of caterpillar hair causing nummular keratitis with subsequent intense anterior chamber inflammation.
An Expeditious Recovery from Stye – A Case Study
Authors: Prakruthi G. , Shaw Santosh Kumar , Hamsaveni V. , Sujathamma K.
Published: November 2018

Stye is an inflammation of the glands of the lids, with a suppurative inflammation of the Zeis gland. In Ayurvedic science, based on clinical signs and symptoms, stye is correlated to Anjananamika where the symptoms includes the pidaka (swelling/boil) in the middle or end of the lids, associated with ruja (mild to moderate pain) and daha (burning sensation). A 28 year old male patient approached the Shalakya Tantra OPD (Eye OPD) of our Centre with the complaints of swelling in the left lids since 3 days with mild to moderate pain, mild photophobia and watering of eyes. On examination, the whole edge of the eyelid was oedematous, along with the presence of an abscess in the left inner canthus. With these signs and symptoms, the patient was diagnosed as a case of stye and advised Bidalaka (local application of thin paste of medicaments over the lids) and Aschyotana (eye drops), the local ocular therapeutics of Ayurveda, along with tablet Triphala guggulu and tablet Chitrakadi internally for 3 days. The patient got quick relief from the above symptoms immediately after starting the treatment and got completely cured without any complications.
Subconjunctival Granuloma after Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery
Authors: Prasher Pawan
Published: November 2018

Presented herein, is an unusual case of a subconjunctival granuloma formation after an uneventful small incision cataract surgery. Subconjunctival nodules present unique challenges to the ophthalmologists in terms of establishing the correct diagnosis. Excision biopsy of the nodule resulted in complete resolution of symptoms. Histopathology of the mass revealed granulomatous inflammation, consistent with the diagnosis of a foreign body granuloma.
Eight and A Half: A Rare Neuro Ophthalmological Syndrome
Authors: Syal Ekta , Kaur Rajwinder , Sidhu Harjeet Kaur
Published: November 2018

Eight-and-a-half syndrome is a rare clinical entity comprised of one-and-a-half syndrome with ipsilateral facial palsy. We present a clinical case of a 45 year old male who presented with left eight and a half syndrome. Contrast MRI brain showed the constellation of findings with diffusion weighted images (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) changes corresponding to the anatomical correlation in the dorsal pontine tegmentum. Treatment with antihypertensive and antiplatelets showed significant improvement in symptoms. Our report aims to raise awareness about this rare neuro-ophthalmological syndrome, as early recognition can accelerate diagnosis and decrease the morbidity.
Orbital Myiasis: An Unusual Presentation of Retinoblastoma
Authors: Karkhanawala Minhaz M. , Patel Urvi J. , Patel Mehul , Thakkar Hansa H.
Published: November 2018

A two year old child, presented with parents complaining of maggots with fungating mass in the right eye for two months. On examination, the child was debilitated. He had no perception of light in the right eye and only perception of light in the left eye. The right eye had a huge fungating mass invaded by maggots along with blood clots. The left eye had leukocoria. Ultrasonography of the right eye was not possible due to fungating mass and that of the left eye showed an intraocular mass with calcification. Diagnosis of bilateral retinoblastoma was made. Maggots were removed from the right eye after instillation of lignocaine and turpentine oil. Magnetic resonance imaging suggested extensive mass with cerebral metastasis. Systemic antibiotics, antifungal agents, palliative external beam radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy were given which led to reduction in tumor mass and improvement in the general condition. The mass in the left eye also demonstrated regression. Orbital myiasis in this case was a result of lack of awareness and negligence.
Customized Toric Soft Contact Lens in the Management of Advanced Keratoconus
Authors: Alemu Haile Woretaw , Kumar Preetam
Published: November 2018

A 33 year old medical doctor complained of bilateral gradual reduction of distant vision for the past 4 months. He was a known case of keratoconus and was referred to LV Prasad Eye Institute for further management. Following extensive examination, both eyes showed advanced keratoconus. With refraction, vision improved to 20/40 and 20/20 for the right and left eye respectively. Rigid gas permeable contact lenses trials were performed but were unsatisfactory. Then, customized hydrogel toric soft contact lens trials were done which improved the right eye vision to 20/25 and left eye to 20/20. Custom made hydrogel toric soft contact lens improved vision secondary to advanced keratoconus.
REPERTÓRIO DE INCÊNDIOS: VARIAÇÕES SOBRE A POESIA RECENTE DE FABIANO CALIXTO
Authors: Ribeiro Gustavo Silveira
Published: November 2018

O artigo propõe uma leitura do mais recente livro do poeta Fabiano Calixto, Nominata Morfina, com ênfase na articulação que nele tem lugar entre violência e revolta, matrizes fundamentais da experiência estética elaborada pelo autor.
PAULO HENRIQUES BRITTO E A ANGÚSTIA DO SENTIDO
Authors: Veras Eduardo Horta Nassif
Published: November 2018

Este artigo apresenta uma análise da poética de Paulo Henriques Britto inspirada na noção de “angústia do sentido”, empregada pelo crítico Marcos Siscar em suas análises da crise da poesia moderna e, mais especificamente, das principais linhas de força da poesia contemporânea no Brasil. Com foco nos três últimos livros do poeta, pretende-se mostrar que sua poesia se estrutura em torno da problematização dos limites da poesia e da linguagem em geral. 
A EMERGÊNCIA DE ABRIL EM O NOME DAS COISAS (1977), DE SOPHIA DE MELLO BREYNER ANDRESEN
Authors: Roani Gerson Luiz , Machado Rodrigo Corrêa
Published: November 2018

Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen é considerada como um dos grandes nomes na lírica portuguesa contemporânea devido à grande qualidade de sua produção poemática. Os poemas andresenianos possuem uma forte consciência social e política, caracterizando o comprometimento com o Outro como uma das grandes linhas de força da escrita efetuada pela autora. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo estudar as aproximações existentes entre poesia, História e memória na obra andreseniana O Nome das Coisas (1977). Para tanto, nos propomos à análise de poemas referentes à Revolução dos Cravos, à deposição do totalitarismo português, e aos desdobramentos de tal sublevação lusitana. 
RESPIRAÇÕES DE UMA NATUREZA SENSÍVEL
Authors: Teles Lígia
Published: November 2018

Texto de homenagem ao poeta Alexandre Coutinho.
Os muitos cravos de Abril: ecos da Revolução Portuguesa em além-mar
Authors: Morais Maria Perla Araújo
Published: November 2018

No romance Vinte e Zinco, o escritor moçambicano Mia Couto destaca os conflitos nas colônias africanas portuguesas às vésperas da Revolução dos Cravos. Verificamos, na obra, a discussão sobre o esfacelamento da ordem colonial e sobre a futura independência de Moçambique. De um lado, Mia Couto, nessa releitura do passado, busca entender a relação entre Revolução e independência. Atesta o esgotamento do sistema colonial em terras moçambicanas antes da Revolução Portuguesa. De outro lado, a futura independência das nações africanas é posta em questão, ao se debater as diferentes respostas ao jugo português, como a luta armada e os projetos políticos socialistas.
A ficção de Pepetela e a ressignificação do discurso da revolução no pós-independência
Authors: Conte Daniel , Nassr Paula Terra
Published: November 2018

Nas narrativas “o cão e os caluandas” e o “desejo de kianda”, de Pepetela, os personagens trazem as digitais do exercício do poder colonial e fixam os valores da metrópole no espaço negro, fazendo com que permaneçam os efeitos de sentido das vozes da administração lusitana na prática administrativa do pós 75 em angola. Este texto evidencia, a partir da materialidade ficcional de Pepetela, como o discurso de resistência à empresa colonial portuguesa toma outras funções no pós-independência. Os estudos de Bakhtin, Cassirer, Pêcheux, Memmi e Rita Chaves servem como base teórico-crítica.
O drama da descolonização em imagens em movimento - a propôs do “nascimento” dos cinemas luso-africanos
Authors: Ferreira Carolin Overhoff
Published: November 2018

Este artigo procura oferecer uma visão panorâmica das histórias do audiovisual nos Países Africanos de Língua Oficial Portuguesa (PALOP) desde suas independências. A criação de novos estados-nações em 1974 e 75 levou ao “nascimento” destas histórias. Na apresentação do percurso delas haverá um enfoque crítico na ainda atual e necessária realização de uma descolonização da mente, bem como na transnacionalidade da produção audiovisual no contexto dos países soberanos, que resultou da inexistência de possiblidades de formação em Angola, Cabo Verde, Guiné-Bissau e Moçambique. Consequentemente, profissionais de diversos países foram envolvidos no estabelecimento de práticas do audiovisual durante e depois das lutas anticoloniais e na tentativa de emancipar os espectadores. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho atualiza estudos já existentes por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica do conhecimento desenvolvido nos últimos anos acerca da produção e análise das obras audiovisuais criadas entre 1974 e 2015.
ROMANOS MELODOS UND SEIN VERHÄLTNIS ZU WELTLICHEN AUTORITÄTEN | ROMANOS THE MELODIST AND HIS RELATION TO SECULAR AUTHORITIES
Authors: Guggenberger Rainer
Published: November 2018

Romanos Melodos’ Hymnus εἰς ἕκαστον σεισμὸν καὶ ἐμπρησμὸν ist nicht nur ein Beispiel eines Bußhymnus, sondern überdies eines für panegyrische Propaganda zu Gunsten Justinians. Romanos versuchte die blutige Niederschlagung eines Aufstands unter der Regierung des Justinian, der in Folge mit schlechten Popularitätswerten zu kämpfen hatte, mittels Referenznahmen auf die Bibel zu rechtfertigen. Romanos zeigt auf, dass sich die Aufständischen den Zorn Gottes verdientermaßen zugezogen hätten und sich in ihrer Ermordung eine nachvollziehbare Reaktion Gottes verberge, und Justinian daher kein Verschulden anzulasten sei. Der Zorn Gottes dürfe nicht rein negativ gesehen werden, sondern ziele auf die Rettung der Sünder in der Perspektive des ewigen Lebens ab.

Abstract: Romanos Melodos’ hymn εἰς ἕκαστον σεισμὸν καὶ ἐμπρησμὸν is not just an example of a penitential hymn but also one of panegyric propaganda in favour of Justinian. Through references to the bible Romanos tried to justify the bloody abolition of a revolt under the government of Justinian, in consequence of which the reputation of Justinian had suffered. Romanos shows that the insurgents deserved the wrath of God, that their killing can be seen as an understandable reaction of God, and therefore that Justinian should not be blamed. The wrath of God should not be seen purely as being negative since its aim is the salvation of the sinners within the perspective of eternal life.
“MÚSICA E PENSAMENTO”: ACERCA DA APRECIAÇÃO MUSICAL NO ENSAIO “MANEIRAS DE OUVIR MÚSICA” DE FIDELINO DE FIGUEIREDO
Authors: Reis Flavio Antonio Fernandes
Published: November 2018

Apresentamos considerações acerca de um dos ensaios do livro Música e pensamento, intitulado “Maneiras de ouvir música”, analisando os pressupostos do texto em relação à musica e a sua apreciação. Com isso, buscamos trilhar os caminhos do ensaio de Fidelino de Figueiredo nos domínios da apreciação musical, inquirindo as linhas de força que atravessam suas considerações acerca do recebimento da  música. Mais, buscamos investigar usos intelectuais da música e seu valor cultural na reflexão de Fidelino sobre o pensamento e a música.

 
DADOS INSTITUCIONAIS E REGRAS DE SUBMISSÃO
Authors: UFBA PPGD
Published: November 2018

..
Ministério Público do Estado de São Paulo v Dalva Lina da Silva
Authors: CRUZ Patrícia Alvares
Published: November 2018

Condenação criminal por maus-tratos aos animais.
Linha Editorial e Regras de Submissão
Authors: . .
Published: November 2018

.
Os Direitos do s animais
Authors: SUSTEIN Cass R.
Published: November 2018

O presente artigo defende uma posição particular sobre os
direitos dos animais, uma posição que, como a de Bentham, coloca os
holofotes sobre as questões do sofrimento e do bem-estar animal. Inicialmente
questiona o monopólio da implementação das leis de proteção
aos animais por parte dos funcionários públicos, o que permite a
violação continuada das referidas leis. A seguir, defende a ampliação
das leis contra crueldades para áreas que hoje estão isentas nos EUA,
como os experimentos científicos e a pecuária. Por fim, levanta dúvidas
sobre a ideia radical de que os animais possuem “autonomia”,
entendida como o direito de estar livre de uso e controle humano,
para defender que, embora os animais não sejam meios para nossos
fins, o controle humano pode ser compatível com uma vida decente
para eles.
Direito à saúde, experimentação animal e controversas ilusões
Authors: CRUZ Janildes Silva
Published: November 2018

O presente trabalho aborda a conexão existente entre os danos
à saúde humana e os fatores do ambiente externo que nela interferem,
incluindo aspectos culturais e psicológicos, dentre outros.
O estudo verifica o desenvolvimento do direito fundamental à saúde
dos humanos e observa que a atividade de utilização de animais
em experimentação científica não raro é justificada por esse direito e
com base em uma suposta necessidade de encontrar medicamentos
que curem variadas doenças decorrentes de interferências exteriores.
Destaca aspectos legais que permite a vivissecção no Brasil, sobretudo
no que toca à fiscalização da atividade e discute algumas situações em
que ocorrem perdas e ganhos com relação a tal prática, argumentando
acerca da possibilidade de se alocar melhor os recursos de modo a
beneficiar animais humanos e não humanos.
Pela não reificação dos animais: a caminho da concretização do Estado Constitucional Ecológico
Authors: KLEVENHUSEN Renata Braga , CHALFUN Mery
Published: November 2018

Este artigo, a partir do marco jurídico-filosófico-moral de
cunho ecocêntrico, analisa a necessidade de efetiva concretização do
Estado Constitucional Ecológico. Para tanto, será demonstrada a casuística
da normatização das pesquisas com animais com o objetivo de
aferir o grau de concretização da dignidade da vida em geral.
The PI 3‐kinase PI3KC2α regulates mouse platelet membrane structure and function independently of membrane lipid composition
Authors: Selvadurai Maria V. , Brazilek Rose J. , Moon Mitchell J. , Rinckel Jean‐Yves , Eckly Anita , Gachet Christian , Meikle Peter J. , Nandurkar Harshal H. , Nesbitt Warwick S. , Hamilton Justin R.
Published: November 2018

PI3KC2α is a phosphoinositide 3‐kinase with a recently reported function in platelets; PI3KC2α‐deficient mouse platelets have altered membrane structure and impaired function. Yet, how these membrane changes cause platelet dysfunction remains unknown. Here, focused ion beam‐scanning electron microscopy of PI3KC2α‐deficient platelet ultrastructure reveals a specific effect on the internal membrane structure, while liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry profiling of 294 lipid species shows unaltered lipid composition. Functionally, PI3KC2α‐deficient platelets exhibit impaired thrombosis specifically under conditions involving membrane tethering. These studies indicate that the structural changes in PI3KC2α‐deficient platelets are limited to the membrane, occur without major changes in lipid composition, and selectively impair cell function during thrombus formation. These findings illustrate a unique mechanism that may be targetable for anti‐thrombotic benefit.
The interaction of p130Cas with PKN3 promotes malignant growth
Authors: Gemperle Jakub , Dibus Michal , Koudelková Lenka , Rosel Daniel , Brábek Jan
Published: November 2018

Protein p130Cas constitutes an adaptor protein mainly involved in integrin signaling downstream of Src kinase. Owing to its modular structure, p130Cas acts as a general regulator of cancer cell growth and invasiveness induced by different oncogenes. However, other mechanisms of p130Cas signaling leading to malignant progression are poorly understood. Here, we show a novel interaction of p130Cas with Ser/Thr kinase PKN3, which is implicated in prostate and breast cancer growth downstream of phosphoinositide 3‐kinase. This direct interaction is mediated by the p130Cas SH3 domain and the centrally located PKN3 polyproline sequence. PKN3 is the first identified Ser/Thr kinase to bind and phosphorylate p130Cas and to colocalize with p130Cas in cell structures that have a pro‐invasive function. Moreover, the PKN3–p130Cas interaction is important for mouse embryonic fibroblast growth and invasiveness independent of Src transformation, indicating a mechanism distinct from that previously characterized for p130Cas. Together, our results suggest that the PKN3–p130Cas complex represents an attractive therapeutic target in late‐stage malignancies.
Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 lethally sensitizes cancer cells to stress‐targeted therapeutic inhibitors
Authors: Dias Matheus H. , Fonseca Cecília S. , Zeidler Julianna D. , Albuquerque Layra L. , da Silva Marcelo S. , Cararo‐Lopes Eduardo , Reis Marcelo S. , Noël Vincent , dos Santos Edmilson O. , Prior Ian A. , Armelin Hugo A.
Published: November 2018

In malignant transformation, cellular stress‐response pathways are dynamically mobilized to counterbalance oncogenic activity, keeping cancer cells viable. Therapeutic disruption of this vulnerable homeostasis might change the outcome of many human cancers, particularly those for which no effective therapy is available. Here, we report the use of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) to demonstrate that further mitogenic activation disrupts cellular homeostasis and strongly sensitizes cancer cells to stress‐targeted therapeutic inhibitors. We show that FGF2 enhanced replication and proteotoxic stresses in a K‐Ras‐driven murine cancer cell model, and combinations of FGF2 and proteasome or DNA damage response‐checkpoint inhibitors triggered cell death. CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated K‐Ras depletion suppressed the malignant phenotype and prevented these synergic toxicities in these murine cells. Moreover, in a panel of human Ewing's sarcoma family tumor cells, sublethal concentrations of bortezomib (proteasome inhibitor) or VE‐821 (ATR inhibitor) induced cell death when combined with FGF2. Sustained MAPK‐ERK1/2 overactivation induced by FGF2 appears to underlie these synthetic lethalities, as late pharmacological inhibition of this pathway restored cell homeostasis and prevented these described synergies. Our results highlight how mitotic signaling pathways which are frequently overridden in malignant transformation might be exploited to disrupt the robustness of cancer cells, ultimately sensitizing them to stress‐targeted therapies. This approach provides a new therapeutic rationale for human cancers, with important implications for tumors still lacking effective treatment, and for those that frequently relapse after treatment with available therapies.
A novel isoprimeverose‐producing enzyme from Phaeoacremonium minimum is active with low concentrations of xyloglucan oligosaccharides
Authors: Matsuzawa Tomohiko , Kameyama Akihiko , Yaoi Katsuro
Published: November 2018

Xyloglucan is one of the major polysaccharides found in the plant cell wall and seeds. Owing to its complex branched structure, several different hydrolases are required to degrade it. Isoprimeverose‐producing enzymes (IPase) are unique among the glycoside hydrolase 3 family in that they recognize and release a disaccharide from the nonreducing end of xyloglucan oligosaccharides. Only two IPases have been previously isolated and characterized. A novel IPase from Phaeoacremonium minimum (PmIPase) was expressed and characterized. The xylopyranosyl residue at the nonreducing end of xyloglucan oligosaccharides was essential for hydrolytic activity, and PmIPase was unable to hydrolyze cellobiose into d‐glucose. PmIPase had a Km for xyloglucan oligosaccharide substrate that was much lower than that of the reported IPase isolated from Aspergillus oryzae. This indicates that PmIPase was able to produce isoprimeverose efficiently from low concentrations of xyloglucan oligosaccharides. PmIPase also exhibited transglycosylation activity and was able to transfer isoprimeverose units to its substrates.
Heat induces myogenic transcription factors of myoblast cells via transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (Trpv1)
Authors: Obi Syotaro , Nakajima Toshiaki , Hasegawa Takaaki , Nakamura Fumitaka , Sakuma Masashi , Toyoda Shigeru , Tei Chuwa , Inoue Teruo
Published: November 2018

Exercise generates heat, blood flow, and metabolic changes, thereby inducing hypertrophy of skeletal muscle cells. However, the mechanism by which heat incudes hypertrophy in response to heat is not well known. Here, we hypothesized that heat would induce differentiation of myoblast cells. We investigated the underlying mechanism by which myoblast cells respond to heat. When mouse myoblast cells were exposed to 42 °C for over 30 min, the phosphorylation level of protein kinase C (PKC) and heat shock factor 1 (Hsf1) increased, and the mRNA and protein expression level of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) increased. Inhibitors of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (Trpv1), calmodulin, PKC, and Hsf1, and the small interfering RNA‐mediated knockdown of Trpv1 diminished those heat responses. Heat exposure increased the phosphorylation levels of thymoma viral proto‐oncogene 1 (Akt), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (Eif4ebp1), and ribosomal protein S6 kinase, polypeptide 1 (S6K1). The knockdown of Trpv1 decreased these heat‐induced responses. Antagonists of Hsp70 inhibited the phosphorylation level of Akt. Finally, heat increased the protein expression level of skeletal muscle markers such as myocyte enhancer factor 2D, myogenic factor 5, myogenic factor 6, and myogenic differentiation 1. Heat also increased myotube formation. Knockdown of Trpv1 diminished heat‐induced increases of those proteins and myotube formation. These results indicate that heat induces myogenic transcription factors of myoblast cells through the Trpv1, calmodulin, PKC, Hsf1, Hsp70, Akt, mTOR, Eif4ebp1, and S6K1 pathway. Moreover, heat increases myotube formation through Trpv1.
Scott,ElizabethL.
Authors: Golbeck Amanda L.
Published: November 2018

Elizabeth L. Scott is one of the best‐known women in statistics. This article summarizes her life, career, and contributions.
Assets in Pension Funds
Authors: Bowie David
Published: November 2018

One of the key decisions for members of funded pension schemes is how the accrued fund and contributions into the fund are invested. The investment decision typically results in some form of risk sharing between the members and the sponsor in terms of (i) the level of contributions required to pay for all promised benefits or deliver an appropriate level of retirement income, (ii) the volatility of contributions required, and (iii) the uncertainty of the level of benefits.

This article describes broadly what assets are available to those making pension scheme investment decisions and why those assets may be appropriate for pension schemes in principle. In practice, the approaches used to construct portfolios and the context in which they are considered will affect the suitability or otherwise of the asset classes.
Bootstrap Methods: The Classical Theory and Recent Development
Authors: Wang Honglang , Tu Wanzhu
Published: November 2018

Bootstrap is aresamplingmethod for statisticalinference. Under fairly general conditions, the technique can be used to approximate sampling distributions of almost any statistics, by recycling data from the observed sample, that is, resampling. In this article, we review the theoretical tenets of bootstrapping, focusing primarily on the fundamental property ofconsistency, while showing examples where lack of consistency can lead to failures of the method. We also describe residual and pairs bootstrap methods in linear models, as well as their applications in low‐ and high‐dimensional problems. Finally, we discuss a modified bootstrap procedure in big data situations.
Burning Cost
Authors: Mata Ana J.
Published: November 2018

The burning cost is an experience‐rating method used in insurance and reinsurance to estimate the expected loss cost in a policy or a treaty. The burning cost “translates” the experience (claims and exposures) of a policy or portfolio of policies into the prospective policy period by applying adjustments such as inflation and rate changes to reflect changes in value over time.
Repeated Measures Design for Enhancing Precision in Sports Research
Authors: Verma J. P.
Published: November 2018

This article discusses the application of repeated measures designs in sports research, which can be a useful tool to control variability in numerous situations. The repeated measures designs can be used in two situations: first, in a longitudinal study where each subject is tested repeatedly after a given time interval, and second where each subject is tested in all the treatment conditions. The procedure of solving two‐way repeated measures design has been discussed by means of Illustration using IBM SPSS software ver. 22. Furthermore, the issue of sample size determination has also been discussed for facilitating the researchers to determine the sample size in their experiments for a specific power. The repeated measures designs are of particular utility in situations where subject variability is an issue and obtaining a large sample is problematic and/or difficult.
Web Survey
Authors: Silber Henning , Daikeler Jessica , Weidner Linus , Bosnjak Michael
Published: November 2018

Web surveys are one of the many data collection modes that offer the opportunity to collect high‐quality survey data. Their most important strengths are the ease of usage, the implementation of complex survey designs, tailored experimental manipulations, and the collection of a vast range of paradata. However, web surveys also have specific limitations regarding coverage and sampling. This article aims to classify the web survey mode using three segments. First, it describes the characteristics of web surveys. Second, it provides evidence‐based information, which is relevant to the implementation and survey design of web surveys. Finally, current and future developments such as mobile surveys and data fusion – the combination of survey data with other data sources – are discussed.
Bayesian Analysis of Gravitational Wave Data
Authors: Meyer Renate , Russel Patricio Maturana
Published: November 2018

Bayesian inferential methods have become increasingly important for the analysis of gravitational wave (GW) measurements since the very first detection of GWs from a black hole merger in 2015 by Advanced LIGO. GWs are ripples in the curvature of space–time that propagate outward from their source at the speed of light. The GW amplitudes from astrophysical objects are extremely small when they reach earth, which makes their detection a huge challenge. Nested sampling algorithms, thermodynamic integration, and reversible jump algorithms play an important role in signal detection and model selection. Markov chain Monte Carlo methods for parameter estimation have been developed and implemented in a dedicated software library LALInference to sample from the posterior distribution of the waveform parameters from various astrophysical sources such as mergers of binary inspirals, pulsars, supernova burst signals, and the stochastic background. Accurate noise characterization is important, especially for the future space‐based interferometer LISA. To this end, nonparametric Bayesian methods have been developed for estimating the spectral density function of the GW measurements.
A Survey of Statistics in the Neurological Sciences with a Focus on Human Neuroimaging
Authors: Caffo Brian , Zhao Yi , Eloyan Ani , Wang Zeyi , Mejia Amanda , Lindquist Martin
Published: November 2018

Neuroscience is a vast subject; understanding the brain is one of the most complex, deep, and challenging tasks in all of science. In this article, we survey statistical contributions to the field of neuroscience, though focus heavily on human brain imaging. Statistics has made fundamental contributions in the processing and analysis of neuroscience and neuroimaging data. Contributions range from processing the measurements of new technologies to analyzing large groups of subjects and inference on the impact of behavior or disease. Developments in statistical algorithms and signal processing help in the pipeline that takes raw images and converts them to those used for diagnosis or research. Statistics has provided key protections from type I errors for the high‐dimensional spatially correlated and complex data arising in this domain. In addition, novel modeling and testing approaches have allowed researchers to perform inference for this challenging data. We end the article with recommendations for statisticians and other quantitative scientists to get involved in this exciting and rapidly evolving field.
Exact Inference Methods for Rare Events
Authors: Liu Dungang , Liu Regina , Xie Min‐ge
Published: November 2018

Meta‐analysis is often used to examine possible association between an intervention and adverse effects in drug safety studies, as a single study is almost powerless in detecting signals owing to the rareness of adverse events. For discrete and sparse data as such, the use of traditional meta‐analysis methods, which rely on large‐sample theories and continuity corrections for zero events, may substantially bias inference and increase the chance of false positives. This article reviews exact inference methods appropriate for analyzing rare events data.
Electricity Demand Forecasting
Authors: Cugliari Jairo , Poggi Jean‐Michel
Published: November 2018

In this article, the focus is on short‐term demand forecasting at some aggregate level (e.g., zone or nationwide demands) from data with at least hourly sampled data. The main salient features of the load curve are first highlighted. Some of the common covariates used in the prediction task are also discussed. Then, some basic or now classical methodological approaches for electricity demand forecasting are detailed. Finally, a presentation of new and open problems is postponed to the last section.
Text Analysis: An Overview
Authors: Zavarrone Emma , Grassia Maria G.
Published: November 2018

This article deals with the evolution of the text analysis. The word “text” comes from the past participle of the Latin verbtextere, a word with a deep and ancient word structure, which means to weave, to link, and put together a series of elements. The text can be analyzed by content analysis, and there are at least two approaches: qualitative and quantitative. In this article, the main differences have been explained.
Scaling Models
Authors: Maggino Filomena
Published: November 2018

Scaling models refer to a group of analytical approaches allowing a multi‐item scale to be assessed.
Sequential Design of Computer Experiments
Authors: Ginsbourger David
Published: November 2018

Numerical simulations are increasingly used in science and society for the study of complex systems, be it as a complement or a substitute to classical experiments. The design of computer experiments has become a research fieldper se, complementing the legacy of classical experimental design while accounting for novel specificities. Sequentiality is essential in many of the goal‐oriented design approaches that have flourished in such framework.
The Protective Estimator: A Tool for Longitudinal Analysis with Missing Data
Authors: Belli Hayley M. , Troxel Andrea B.
Published: November 2018

Missing data occurs commonly in longitudinal studies. When data are missing at random, full‐likelihood approaches may be used for analysis. However, when the missing observations are nonignorable and nonmonotone, a full‐likelihood approach may yield inconsistent estimates. To correct for any bias that may arise in longitudinal studies with nonignorable missing data, various modeling strategies have been introduced, including selection, pattern‐mixture, and shared‐parameter models. However, because these classes of joint models explicitly model the nonignorable missingness mechanism, they require strong and unverifiable assumptions to guarantee model identifiability. To avoid this, the protective estimator has been proposed as an approach to analyze longitudinal data subject to nonignorable, nonmonotone missingness. The protective estimator avoids estimating the nonignorable missing data by utilizing a key assumption: the probability that a response is missing at any instance depends on the value of the variable alone in an unspecified way. In this article, we introduce the protective estimator and present its mathematical framework. We elaborate on advantages and disadvantages of the modeling approach and review examples of the protective estimator used in practice across the literature.
Charlier,CarlV.L.
Authors: Guttorp Peter , Lindgren Georg
Published: November 2018

Carl Charlier was a Swedish astronomer and statistician. He was influential in making mathematical statistics a university subject in Sweden. His main statistical contribution was the Gram‐Charlier expansions of continuous (Type A) and discrete (Type B) distributions. In astronomy he successfully created a hierarchical galaxy cluster model.
Sequential Probability Ratio Test
Authors: Piegorsch Walter W.
Published: November 2018

Analysis of data that are sampled sequentially is an important topic in statistical practice, and development of quantitative tools for the analysis of sequential data is a critical area in statistical research. Emphasis in this article is on sequential testing, and in particular on a classic method for such testing, thesequential probability ratio test.
Indicators Construction
Authors: Maggino Filomena
Published: November 2018

Developing indicators depends on the definition of a conceptual framework and proceeds through a hierarchical design, requiring the definition of the different subsequent components.
Atmospheric Pressure Cold Plasma: A Friendly Environment for Dry Enzymes
Authors: Fanelli Fiorenza , Fracassi Francesco , Lapenna Annamaria , Angarano Valeria , Palazzo Gerardo , Mallardi Antonia
Published: November 2018

A comprehensive study of the interaction of cold atmospheric pressure plasmas (CAPs) with dry enzymes is conducted to identify the experimental conditions that allow preserving enzyme functionality. Glucose oxidase (GOx) dry deposits are exposed to dielectric barrier discharges fed with pure helium, helium–oxygen, and helium–ethylene mixtures. The GOx loses functionality upon exposure to He/O2 CAP due to dry etching. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals that, in parallel with the ablation, there are modifications of the chemical structure of the surface of the enzyme deposit that decrease the etching rate and eventually lead to a “crust” with a strong resistance against the ablation, responsible of process termination. Interestingly, the customary conditions used for plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition using helium–ethylene mixtures (applied voltage <1.1 kVrms and exposure time ≤10 min) are friendly for GOx. It is therefore possible to immobilize enzymes by overcoating with a plasma‐deposited thin film, fully retaining enzyme functionality.