bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Establishing NDRE dynamic models of winter wheat under multi-nitrogen rates based on a field spectral sensor
Authors: Shu Meiyan , Gu Xiaohe , Zhou Longfei , Xu Bo , Yang Guijun
Published: January 2021

Field spectral sensors provide real-time, reliable, quantitative
monitoring of crop growth. Fitting the continuous growth in the entire
growing period from the measurements of limited frequency is helpful
to the comparative analysis of interannual growth and fertilizer
management in the field. To exploit this capacity, our work presents a
model that uses the normalized difference red edge (NDRE) index
derived from the field spectral sensor for real-time monitoring of the
canopy growth of winter wheat in the whole growing period. We
developed this model from experiments in three counties in Hebei
province, China, where we obtained the near-infrared and red edge
reflectance, grain yield, and canopy parameters for eight growth
stages and for various nitrogen (

N

) rates. Given the correlation between
effective accumulated temperature and crop growth, we used the growing
degree-days as an adjustment parameter to develop models for dynamic
monitoring of the NDRE of the winter wheat canopy during the entire
growing period. The results show that high determination coefficients (

R

2

=

0.89

to 0.96) are obtained from all models
based on relative NDRE and effective accumulative temperature
(independent of

N

fertilization rates). The model based
on the rational function is the best of all models tested, with the
accuracy for normal and high

N

fertilization rates being slightly
greater than that for low

N

fertilization rates. Therefore, a
relative-NDRE model with the accumulative growing degree-days since
sowing could allow monitoring canopy NDRE of winter wheat at any time,
which could be helpful for overcoming the shortage of incomparable
growth derived from the differences of sensing date, sowing date, and
fertilizer, etc.
Concentration and pressure scaling of CH2O electronic-resonance-enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering signals
Authors: Lauriola Daniel K. , Rahman K. Arafat , Stauffer Hans U. , Slipchenko Mikhail N. , Meyer Terrence R. , Roy Sukesh
Published: January 2021

Nanosecond electronic-resonance-enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (ERE-CARS) is evaluated for the measurement of formaldehyde (

C
H

2

O

) concentrations in reacting and nonreacting conditions. The three-color scheme utilizes a 532 nm pump beam and a scanned Stokes beam near 624 nm for Raman excitation of the C–H symmetric stretch (

ν
1

) vibrational mode; further, a 342 nm resonant probe is tuned to produce the outgoing CARS signal via the

1
0
1

4
0
3

vibronic transition between the ground (

X
~

1

A

1

) and first excited (

A
~

1

A

2

) electronic states. This allows detection of

C
H

2

O

at concentrations as low as

9

×

10

14

m
o
l
e
c
u
l
e
s

/

c
m

3

(55 parts per million) in a calibration cell with

C
H

2

O

and

N

2

at 1 bar and 450 K with 3% uncertainty. The measurements show a quadratic dependence of the signal with

C
H

2

O

number density. Pressure scaling experiments up to 11 bar in the calibration cell show an increase in signal up to 8 bar. We study pressure dependence up to 11 bar and further apply the technique to characterize the

C
H

2

O

concentration in an atmospheric premixed dimethyl ether/air McKenna burner flame, with a maximum concentration uncertainty of 11%. This approach demonstrates the feasibility for spatially resolved measurements of minor species such as

C
H

2

O

in reactive environments and shows promise for application in high-pressure combustors.
Low- and high-β lasers in the class-A limit: photon statistics, linewidth, and the laser-phase transition analogy
Authors: Takemura Naotomo , Takiguchi Masato , Notomi Masaya
Published: January 2021

Nanocavity lasers are commonly characterized by the spontaneous coupling coefficient

β

that represents the fraction of photons emitted into the lasing mode. While

β

is conventionally discussed in semiconductor lasers where the photon lifetime is much shorter than the carrier lifetime (class-B lasers), little is known about

β

in atomic lasers where the photon lifetime is much longer than the other lifetimes and only the photon degree of freedom exists (class-A lasers). We investigate the impact of the spontaneous coupling coefficient

β

on lasing properties in the class-A limit by extending the well-known Scully–Lamb master equation. We demonstrate that in the class-A limit all the photon statistics are uniquely characterized by

β

and that the laser phase transition-like analogy becomes transparent. In fact,

β

perfectly represents the “system size” in phase transition. Finally, we investigate the laser-phase transition analogy from the standpoint of a quantum dissipative system. Calculating a Liouvillian gap, we clarify the relation between

β

and the continuous phase symmetry breaking.
Influence of substrate misorientation on the emission and waveguiding properties of a blue (In,Al,Ga)N laser-like structure studied by synchrotron radiation microbeam X-ray diffraction
Authors: Kafar A. , Sakaki A. , Ishii R. , Stanczyk S. , Gibasiewicz K. , Matsuda Y. , Schiavon D. , Grzanka S. , Suski T. , Perlin P. , Funato M. , Kawakami Y.
Published: January 2021

In this work, we study how an epitaxial laser-like (or superluminescent diode-like) structure is modified by intentional changes of the substrate misorientation in the range of 0.5°–2.6°. The

40
 
μm
×
40
  
μm

test structure with misorientation profiling was fabricated using multilevel photolithography and dry-etching. The local structural parameters were measured by synchrotron radiation microbeam X-ray diffraction, with the sampling area of below

1
 
μm
×
1
  
μm

. We directly obtained the relation between the misorientation and indium content in the quantum well, changing from 9% to 18%, with a high resolution (small misorientation step). We also show a good agreement of local photoluminescence emission wavelength with simulation of transition energy based on synchrotron radiation microbeam X-ray diffraction (SR-XRD) data and estimated Stokes shift. We observe that the substrate misorientation influences also the InGaN waveguide and AlGaN cladding composition. Still, we showed through simulation of the optical confinement factor of a full laser diode structure that good light guiding properties should be preserved in the whole misorientation range studied here. This proves the usefulness of misorientation modification in applications like broadband superluminescent diodes or multicolor laser arrays.
Ground to crown: Advocating the latent potentials of undervalued fibre composites
Authors: Birch Patrick W. L.
Published: January 2021

Understood as anisotropic in structure, variation in timber form was traditionally accommodated and often elevated in strategic applications. However, contemporary applications of wood act to suppress the value of timber’s integrated material composition, treating wood simply as mass to be divided and reassembled into homogeneous building components. Influenced by a series of mechanical inputs, including self-loading, wind loading and structural damage, wood is actively developed during its growth as a complex structural material whose internal composition serves not only as a tree’s metabolic infrastructure but also as its load-bearing structure. In this way, trees adaptively respond to the unique conditions of their environment in a manner that architecture regularly fails to, given the latter’s preoccupation with prescribed formalism. Understanding the efficiency with which trees are able to develop their forms and evenly distribute mechanical stresses across their surfaces is an area of research that has architectural potential but has not been widely explored. While concepts of standardization and regularity fit well into a model of measured global commerce, they do little to take advantage of the unique material potentials of wood in design. Furthermore, board-form components fail to speak to the anisotropic structure and integrated growth of wood fibre in a self-optimized, adaptive organic system; the internal grain structure of wood embodies the structural forces running throughout the tree. Acknowledged as embedded structural optimizations rather than structural defects, these non-standardized patterns can be treated as forms to be praised rather than avoided, integrating the autonomy of the non-human world into the design process. Thought of this way, one could argue that wood is, in fact, superior to homogenized building materials in its highly material efficient, adapted biomechanical structure, developed free of human labour.
IMPACT OF ECO FRIENDLY BLAST FURNACE SLAG ON PRODUCTION OF BUILDING BLOCKS
Authors: Nim Ashish , Meshram Kundan
Published: January 2021

Solid waste management is one of the prime concerns in the world due to ever increasing proportion of non-biodegradable industrial waste product. Blast Furnace Slag (BFS) is one of the largest by products of steel and iron industries which creates scarcity of land filling area due to ineffective reuse and recycle. The use of such substance to create building blocks not most effective makes it economical, however it also enables in decreasing disposal concern. Clay bricks are the oldest walling material of construction industries. Due to preferable mechanical properties bricks are considered as prime source of masonry units that is used as walling material. Conventional clay bricks required burning process known as kiln firing which emits huge amount of CO2 into the atmosphere. World is facing same problem with the production of cement too. The major reasons behind pollution and environment depletion are due to unremitting decay in natural resources caused form deriving of raw materials such as sand, clay and dirt and also from huge amount of hazardous and non-hazardous wastes produced by the industries. Reuse of industrial waste such as BFS instead of naturally occurring raw material leads to contribute towards green environment. Present study intended toward use of steel and iron industry waste for manufacturing of building blocks to promote low cost housing along with mitigation of environmental violation. Based on the results, BFS may effectively replace with naturally occurring fine aggregates due to favourable physical properties. Durability aspects in terms of water absorption and compressive strength also found adequate as per the requirement of IS codes. An amount of partial to full replacement of BFS may allow as per required weathering conditions.
GROUTED SLEEVE CONNECTION FOR PRECAST CONCRETE MEMBERS
Authors: Kahama Espoir Kulondwa , Fuzhe Xie , Haojie Geng
Published: January 2021

Precast concrete structures have gained preference in the modern construction industry because of the multiple advantages they offer. The connection of precast members is an important aspect to consider in the design of structures with precast components. Grouted Sleeve connection, one of the famous connector types, is made of the trio of reinforced bars, high strength grouting materials and a ductile iron cylinder. This article compares the finding of recent experimental research findings on grouted sleeve connection and establishes the relationship between the three components of the connector to enhance the performance of the splicing agent. It is found that the tensile performance of the connector increases with the embedded length of the bar for a normal sleeve. An effective embedded length set between 6 and 8 times the diameter of the bar will maximize the tensile performance of the connector. The increase in diameter of the sleeve cylinder, the compressive strength of the grout and the length of the bar embedded and its surface will affect the bond performance and the mode of failure under tensile load.
The Emperor’s Old Clothes: Chinese Objects and the Renaissance of French Imperialism
Authors: Giblin Molly J.
Published: January 2021

En 1860, une collection d’objets issus des jardins impériaux de Chine (Yuánmingyuán) est arrivée à Paris. La saisie de ces artefacts, pillés à titre punitif à la fin de l’expédition franco-britannique en Chine, lors de la seconde guerre de l’opium, représentait une véritable conquête symbolique de la Chine et marqua un renouveau impérial français dans le Pacifique. Ces objets ont d’abord été exposés au public avant d‘être intégrés aux insignes du Second Empire. À travers l’institution du pillage, la démocratisation de la consommation et le legs royal, les relations franco-chinoises basculaient ainsi d’un système fondé sur le partenariat vers un modèle explicitement impérial, un modèle qui situait désormais la France comme l’héritière d’un empire universalisant s‘étendant de Rome à l’Extrême-Orient.

In 1860, a collection of objects from the Chinese imperial gardens (Yuánmíngyuán) arrived in Paris. The artifacts had been pillaged as a punitive measure at the end of the Franco-British expedition to China during the Second Opium War. They were put on public display before being integrated into the regalia of the Second Empire. The ritual of pillage, popular consumption, and royal reimagining transformed the French relationship with China from partnership into an explicitly imperial paradigm. The seizure and display of objects from the Yuánmíngyuán attested to the symbolic conquest of China, and signaled a French imperial reawakening in the Pacific. It set the tone for an aggressive French occupation of other Asian territories, and asserted that the French were descendants of a universalizing empire ranging from Rome to the Far East.
"Jurisprudential Massage": Legal Fictions, Sectarian Citizenship, and the Epistemics of Dissent in Post-socialist China
Authors: Pia Andrea E.
Published: January 2021

While China leads the global race to high-tech surveillance, a homegrown low-tech institution of dissent management is currently experiencing a surprising revival: dispute mediation. Drawing on Confucian and socialist practices of justice, Yunnanese dispute mediators are today considerably innovating the jurisprudential techniques that frame the composition of conflict and the meaning of state laws in dispute settings. Jurisprudential massage is the emic term given to one such technique. Here I show how this technique stands for the deployment of therapeutic analogies and legal fictions with the aim of reorienting the political sensibilities of disputants toward a neo-paternalistic form of citizenship. Contributing to the anthropology of law and resistance, this article shows how civil dissent cannot only be physically quenched through state coercion and silenced by pervasive surveillance or tactical buyouts but can also be ushered off the political stage by a selective redrawing of the epistemic foundation of legality.

 

摘要

当中国政府在大力发展高精端社会监控技术的同时, —种土生的低端社会抗争管理机制, “争议调解”, 也正在蓬勃发展。在综合了孔子的正义观和相关的社会 主义实践经验之后，如今, 云南的争议调解人员在法理的应用上体现出了相当 的技术创新力。他们往往很有技巧性的用法律来确定争议的构成性质, 也时常 会就案件的实际需要用它们来诠释国家法令。在当地，这种技术被称为 “法理按 摩”. 笔者在本文欲描述当地的调解人员是如何通类理疗和法律拟制等方法来 完善这套调解技巧的. 对于他们来说, 使用这些技巧的目的是重新塑造抗争者 的政治觉悟, 将其转变为—种新父权主义形式下的公民意识. 旨在丰富法人类 学和社会抗争理论，笔者借本文展现了公民抗争不仅仅会因国家强制，或因无 所不在的社会监控和政治买断而“消声觅迹”，同时也会因地方法律从业者对行 为合法性认知基础的重新划定而退出政治舞台.
Birthing from Within: Nature, Technology, and Self-Making in Silicon Valley Childbearing
Authors: Ford Andrea
Published: January 2021

Through examining childbearing in California’s Silicon Valley, this article describes how seeking “self-actualization” has become a rite of passage for contemporary childbearing people. This approach undermines distinctions between “technological” and “natural” approaches to birth, as people are coached to leverage both logistical and animalistic capacities to produce “self-knowledge” and enact new feminist ways of doing embodiment. Based on fieldwork conducted as a doula, this article describes new rituals, anxieties, and aspirations that draw from both the idea that self-authenticity stems from an unadulterated, primordial nature and that self-realization is enabled by a very modern, reflexive strategy of self-design. In this community, the way reproduction comes to matter has less to do with realizing gendered expectations and kinship relations than with creative self-optimization. This approach facilitates women’s self-determination, while simultaneously introducing new forms of pressure and advancing a dominant cultural discourse that minimizes thinking about structural conditions and mutual accountability.
Alienation from Nature and Its Impact on Primary and Pre-primary Education
Authors: Jančaříková Kateřina , Kroufek Roman , Modrý Martin , Vojíř Karel
Published: January 2021

The alienation from nature has a major impact on the education of primary school pupils and pre-school children. In the review paper we focus on research into this phenomena. We chose 79 articles on Web of Science, 39 on Scopus, and two in the Czech database RIV. From this a total number of 21 articles were selected, analysed and presented to the readers in this article. It turned out that alienation from nature is a fuzzy concept. Many experts rely on it. But it is not precisely defined in the literature. Two main topics appeared in the articles that were considered: connectedness and relation to nature and fear of animals and disgust aroused by them. The main findings are: a) teachers and parents are already alienated, b) examples of good practice show ways of bringing nature closer to children, c) children’s attitudes to nature are changing; they are more afraid of animals and disgusted by them, d) a certain degree of fear and disgust is useful, e) differences between the sexes appear only at an older age. This phenomenon needs to be studied further.
Keywords: pre-school pedagogy, primary school pedagogy, alienation from nature, generation alpha
Szkoła naukowa czy tylko kuźnia talentów? Lwowskie środowisko romanistyczne w latach 1857–1939
Authors: Nancka Grzegorz
Published: January 2021

W artykule ukazano charakter funkcjonującego na uniwersytecie lwowskim w drugiej połowie XIX i pierwszych dekadach XX w. środowiska romanistycznego. Począwszy od Józefata Zielonackiego, z Uniwersytetem we Lwowie związanych było wielu charyzmatycznych uczonych zajmujących się prawem rzymskim, takich jak Leon Piniński, Marceli Chlamtacz czy Ignacy Koschembahr-Łyskowski. Czy jednak w odniesieniu do lwowskich romanistów można mówić o wyróżniającym się programie badawczym i czy ich naukowa działalność miała wspólny pierwiastek? Prezentując dokonania uczonych zajmujących się prawem rzymskim we Lwowie, starano się poszukiwać spajającego tamtejszych romanistów elementu, który pozwoliłby na określenie, czy środowisko to było szkołą naukową. Wydaje się jednak, że była to jedynie kuźnia talentów, która w dużym stopniu przyczyniła się do stworzenia nowoczesnej polskiej romanistyki prawniczej.
GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION IN THE SPACE SECTOR: POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR TURKEY
Authors: EMEN Türksoy
Published: January 2021

After Russia launched the first satellite, Sputnik I, into Earth orbit in 1957, Space Race started between the
US and Russia. Both governments allocated huge budgets for space missions until the second half of the
1970s. But space research didn’t remain limited to the two countries over the years; some other countries
established their space agencies and started engaging in space activities. At first, NASA was at the center
of the US civilian space sector; it coordinated the market purchasing from aerospace firms. But later it
changed its strategy and began to collaborate with private space companies in certain space missions using
Public Private Partnership method in particular. Some other space agencies also adopted this method. This
change has helped to increase investments and has encouraged start-ups to get into the market. Today,
the global space economy has reached a significant size along with the increasing number of companies
and diversified production. So the governments have intervened in the market not only to correct market
failures, which provide a rationale for government intervention but also to create the market. In this context,
this study discusses the need for government intervention in the market to create a private space sector in
the light of the NASA and ESA experiences, and develops economic policy recommendations for Turkey
examining the Decree that has established the Turkish Space Agency formally.
DAILY VOLATILITY ANALYSIS OF BIST 100 CONSTITUENTS BETWEEN 2018-2020
Authors: PAKEL Cavit , ÖZEN Kadir
Published: January 2021

The Turkish economy has experienced two important shocks in the recent past. The first is a currency shock
which occurred in August 2018. A second, substantially more impactful, shock is the COVID-19 pandemic,
which began in early 2020 and is still in progress. An interesting question from the perspectives of both
policy makers and practitioners is whether significant changes in key economic and financial variables
have been observed in the period marked by these two shocks. We investigate this question for the volatility
of the daily returns on BIST 100 constituent equities, using a novel panel GARCH modelling approach.
We find that during the periods associated with the two shocks, the stock market volatility has increase
substantially. Importantly, this increase has been greater and more persistent during the pandemic period.
Moreover, our analysis of sector-specific volatilities also reveals that this period of two shocks has witnessed
a uniform increase in the average volatilities of all sectors, compared to the period before.
A teljesítmény értelmezése és mérése nonprofit szervezetek körében
Authors: Péntek Eszter
Published: January 2021

Péntek Eszter (2010): A teljesítmény értelmezése és mérése nonprofit szervezetek körében.
Sensory perception of Brazilian petit suisse cheese by a consumer panel using three-way internal and external preference maps
Authors: Aparecida Pimenta Pereira Patrícia , De Salvia Maria Antonietta , Souza Carneiro João de Deus
Published: January 2021

This paper aims to study the sensory perception of Brazilian petit suisse cheese. Physicohemical (total sugar, total acidity, moisture, L*, a*, b* and soluble solids) physical (texture profile analysis- hardness, cohesiveness and gumminess) and sensory (color, appearance, taste, consistency and overall liking) analyses were performed. Three-way internal and external preference maps were used to evaluate the sensory profile of five different brands of strawberry flavor petit suisse (the only differences between them were the hydrocolloid bulking agents added) correlating with physical and physicochemical parameters. For this, the sisvar and sensoMaker software were used. According to the results, there is variation in the formulations of the petit suisse cheeses that are currently marketed in Brazil, with the exception of total acidity, moisture, and luminosity. Furtherore, Brazilian consumers prefer petit suisse cheese that has intermediate sweetness (7.67 °Bx to 11.67 °Bx) and reject those that are very sweet. In addition, products made with gelatin, pectin and locust bean and guar gums are more accepted.
Descubriendo el nombre romano de la ciudad de Utrera (Sevilla, España)
Authors: Mendoza Álvarez José David
Published: January 2021

Resumen: Esta investigación presenta pruebas no solo de la existencia de la ciudad de Utrera (Sevilla, España) en época romana, sino del nombre que tuvo, desconocido hasta la fecha. Gracias a los estudios de documentos históricos, historiográficos, epigráficos y arqueológicos propone como objetivos fundamentales y específicos tales hechos que presentaban lagunas hasta la fecha, descartando los mitos y leyendas sobre ello. Además se exponen evidencia al respecto y se presenta paralelos con otras ciudades de la misma índole, tanto en lo relativo a la disposición de las dimensiones comunes en las ciudades romanas como en lo que concierne a cronología y nomenclaturas.
Estudio comparativo entre la velocidad y la densidad en modelos macroscópicos del tráfico vehicular incorporando la variable espacial en la velocidad
Authors: Alvarenga-Rodríguez José Mauricio
Published: January 2021

El presente trabajo tiene como propósito comparar las relaciones clásicas entre densidad y velocidad en el contexto de los modelos continuos del tráfico vehicular, integrando una dependencia lineal de la variable espacial. Para llevar a cabo dicha tarea se usó la base de datos del proyecto NGSIM, específicamente, la información recolectada en la carretera I-80. Además, para hacer una comparación equilibrada también se estimaron los parámetros de las relaciones clásicas sin la modificación lineal de la variable espacial.
A organização do trabalho pedagógico no oeste do Pará: discussões no contexto pandêmico
Authors: Soares Lucas de Vasconcelos , Colares Maria Lília Imbiriba Sousa , Colares Anselmo Alencar
Published: January 2021

O estudo visa analisar a atuação de gestores educacionais frente à dinâmica de organização do trabalho pedagógico no curso de uma pandemia, revelando práticas, desafios e o lugar da formação nesse processo. Utiliza-se como lócus a região Oeste do Estado do Pará. As análises resultam de pesquisa empírica, contemplando a percepção de gestores educacionais por meio de formulário eletrônico. Os resultados obtidos revelam que optou-se pela continuidade das atividades, via ensino remoto, projetando nos gestores o desafio de organizar, junto à equipe pedagógica, a dinâmica do processo ensino-aprendizagem a partir do uso das ferramentas tecnológicas disponíveis, bem como na elaboração de apostilas com conteúdos dos livros didáticos; não houve formação específica para esse momento; e aumentou-se a demanda de trabalho, registrando reivindicações, por parte das famílias dos estudantes, quanto às metodologias utilizada pelas escolas. Somando-se aos dilemas já existentes – minimização de recursos, ausência de participação e autonomia, etc. – o contexto pandêmico projetou nos gestores o desafio de se reinventar em sua atuação profissional.
A educação municipal em Rio Branco no contexto da pandemia: dispositivos operacionais e a organização do trabalho pedagógico escolar
Authors: Carvalho Mark Clark Assen de , Gonçalves Rafael Marques , Morais Jean , Calixto Josenir
Published: January 2021

As circunstâncias trazidas pela pandemia da covid-19 impuseram, em escala planetária, a necessidade de adoção de um conjunto de medidas que acabou por produzir novas formas de relacionamento e convivência social pautadas pelo distanciamento e pelo isolamento social. No caso da educação escolar, por exemplo, impôs-se aos sistemas de ensino a definição de novas sistemáticas de organização do trabalho pedagógico como alternativa que, de alguma maneira, daria respostas à sociedade, às famílias e à própria comunidade escolar mormente à suspensão das atividades presencias letivas do ano de 2020. Considerando tal contexto este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as diretrizes gerais e os procedimentos administrativos e pedagógicos formulados pela administração do sistema público de ensino municipal de Rio Branco. O estudo se organiza a partir de análise documental na qual são sistematizadas as diretrizes legais, pedagógicas e administrativas, elaboradas no período de pandemia. Busca-se, nessa perspectiva, extrair as incidências dessas orientações e em que medida elas expressam novas dinâmicas de organização e lógicas para a natureza do trabalho pedagógico com crianças desde a educação infantil e até o quinto ano do ensino fundamental e quais são as implicações dessas determinações sobre a organização do trabalho pedagógico de professores(as).
Leisure reading in multilingual Singapore
Authors: Sun Baoqi , Loh Chin Ee , Curdt-Christiansen Xiao Lan
Published: January 2021

What are bilingual children reading? Do children who enjoy reading books in one language also enjoy reading books in the other language? Drawing on survey data from 1,312 children (aged 9–11) in two government primary schools in Singapore, this study examined reading enjoyment, habits and preferences of two groups of bilingual children – English-Chinese and English-Malay bilingual children. Results showed that children generally enjoyed reading in English more than reading in Chinese/Malay, and that they read English books more often and for longer duration. Within each language, reading enjoyment was significantly associated with reading frequency and reading duration. Crosslinguistically, children’s reading duration and frequency in their two languages were closely related, despite their different reasons for reading English and Chinese/Malay books. Even though levels of reading enjoyment in the two languages were not significantly correlated, results suggested that English reading enjoyment may facilitate Chinese/Malay reading. Results highlight the important role of language policy, the focus of language curriculum and language-specific features in shaping bi-/multilingual children’s reading habits and preferences. Implications for classroom applications and the need to promote Chinese/Malay reading are discussed.
Clinical and electrographic features of persistent seizures and status epilepticus associated with anti‐NMDA receptor encephalitis (anti‐NMDARE)
Authors: Gofshteyn Jacqueline S. , Yeshokumar Anusha K. , Jette Nathalie , Thakur Kiran T. , Luche Nicole , Yozawitz Elissa , Varnado Shelley , Klenofsky Britany , Tuohy Mary Claire , Ankam Jyoti , Torres Sarah , Hesdorffer Dale , Nelson Aaron , Wolf Steven , McGoldrick Patricia , Yan Helena , Basma Natasha , Grinspan Zachary
Published: January 2021

Aims. Based on a multicenter cohort of people with anti‐NMDA receptor encephalitis (anti‐NMDARE), we describe seizure phenotypes, electroencephalographic (EEG) findings, and anti‐seizure treatment strategies. We also investigated whether specific electrographic features are associated with persistent seizures or status epilepticus after acute presentation.

Methods. In this retrospective cohort study, we reviewed records of children and adults with anti‐NMDARE between 2010 and 2014 who were included in the Rare Epilepsy of New York City database, which included the text of physician notes from five academic medical centers. Clinical history (e.g., seizure semiology) and EEG features (e.g., background organization, slowing, epileptiform activity, seizures, sleep architecture, extreme delta brush) were abstracted. We compared clinical features associated with persistent seizures (ongoing seizures after one month from presentation) and status epilepticus, using bivariate and multivariable analyses.

Results. Among the 38 individuals with definite anti‐NMDARE, 32 (84%) had seizures and 29 (76%) had seizures captured on EEG. Electrographic‐only seizures were identified in five (13%) individuals. Seizures started at a median of four days after initial symptoms (IQR: 3–6 days). Frontal lobe‐onset focal seizures were most common (n=12; 32%). Most individuals (31/38; 82%) were refractory to anti‐seizure medications. Status epilepticus was associated with younger age (15 years [9–20] vs. 23 years [18–27]; p=0.04) and Hispanic ethnicity (30 [80%] vs. 8 [36%]; p=0.04). Persistent seizures (ongoing seizures after one month from presentation) were associated with younger age (nine years [3–14] vs. 22 years [15–28]; p<0.01). Measured electrographic features were not associated with persistent seizures.

Conclusions. Seizures associated with anti‐NMDARE are primarily focal seizures originating in the frontal lobes. Younger patients may be at increased risk of epileptogenesis and status epilepticus. Continuous EEG monitoring helps identify subclinical seizures, but specific EEG findings may not predict the severity or persistence of seizures during hospitalization.
Mind the gap: health disparities in families living with epilepsy are significant and linked to socioeconomic status
Authors: Groover Olivia , Morton Matthew L. , Janocko Nicholas J. , Teagarden Diane L. , Villarreal Hannah K. , Drane Daniel L. , Karakis Ioannis
Published: January 2021

Aims. There is limited information on disparities of people with epilepsy (PWE) and, foremost, their caregivers. The objective of this study was to comprehensively compare between PWE and caregivers with low socioeconomic status (SES) and those with high SES for disparities in demographic and epilepsy characteristics, treatment and health care utilization, physical and psychosocial impact, and knowledge about epilepsy.

Methods. PWE and caregivers completed surveys about the aforementioned outcomes during their epilepsy clinic visit or epilepsy monitoring unit admission. Associations were evaluated using SES as a binary independent variable and the patient and caregiver related outcomes as dependent variables.

Results. Thirty‐eight patients with low SES and 88 patients with high SES were recruited. Patients with low SES were more commonly non‐white, uninsured, unemployed, of lower educational attainment and living in larger households. They were more likely to visit the emergency room for their seizures, were more frequently on polypharmacy and experienced more AED adverse effects. They exhibited higher depression and anxiety levels and worse quality of life. Twenty‐two caregivers with low SES and 66 caregivers of high SAS were recruited. Caregivers with low SES were more likely to be non‐white and single. They manifested poorer knowledge about epilepsy.

Conclusion. There are notable inequalities in demographic, treatment‐related and health care utilization aspects of care of PWE, as well as in the psychosocial impact of their disease. Additional demographic and epilepsy knowledge‐related disparities are recognized in caregivers of PWE. Identification of those disparities is a critical step in the creation of appropriate interventions to eliminate them.
A tessitura de um projeto de formação de professores: Educação das Relações Étnico-Raciais
Authors: França Cyntia Simioni
Published: January 2021

O artigo apresenta parte de um projeto formativo sobre relações étnico-raciais, realizado por uma universidade e com professores de uma escola pública, no estado do Paraná. Buscou-se desconstruir estereótipos e preconceitos perpetuados no imaginário social em relação aos povos africanos e afro-brasileiros, construir relações mais solidárias e valorizar uma educação antirracista que problematiza as narrativas dominantes. Apesar das contradições da modernidade capitalista, o texto defende que ainda pode-se operar pelas brechas do pensamento hegemônico para que outras relações humanas possam ser construídas no presente, de modo que superemos o racismo e o mito da democracia racial.
Em busca de outra racionalidade
Authors: Felício Munir Jorge , Rosa Paulo Roberto
Published: January 2021

Lutar para emancipar o território constitui um enfrentamento contínuo e processual a partir do qual, novos saberes e novas identidades são construídas, modificadas e substituídas visando sobrepor os saberes e identidades impostas de cima para baixo para manter o funcionamento da ordem existente e consolidar a racionalidade econômica. O objetivo principal deste artigo consiste em buscar alternativas a essa racionalidade sabendo de sua hegemonia e abrangência. Para construir outra racionalidade as alternativas emancipadoras do Sul Global apontarão possibilidade de se viver e produzir a vida de outra maneira ao enfrentar as novas formas de dominação.
Ciclos, tempos e espaços educativos na proposta pedagógica das Escolas Itinerantes do MST
Authors: Mariano Alessandro Santos , Gehrke Marcos
Published: January 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a Proposta Pedagógica das Escolas Itinerantes do Paraná, escolas públicas de Educação Infantil, Educação Fundamental e Médio, que funcionam em acampamento de famílias sem terra. Essas escolas são gestadas e orientadas pelo Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST) que tem uma proposta educativa que intenciona a formação integral do ser humano, se fundamenta na educação popular, na pedagogia socialista e na pedagogia do movimento. Enquanto procedimento metodológico, utiliza-se o estudo de caso, pesquisa de campo e documental, pelo qual evidencia a práxis de outra forma escolar em articulação com a vida, trabalho e auto-organização dos estudantes.
The type of forest edge governs the spatial distribution of different-sized ground beetles
Authors: Magura Tibor , Lövei Gábor L.
Published: January 2021

Worldwide human-induced habitat fragmentation intensifies the emergence of forest edges. In addition to these edges, there are edges evolved by natural processes. Edge-maintaining processes (natural vs. anthropogenic) fundamentally determine edge responses, and thus edge functions. Species with various traits show fundamentally different edge response, therefore the trait-based approach is essential in edge studies. We evaluated the edge effect on the body size of ground beetles in forest edges with various maintaining processes. Our results, based on 30 published papers and 221 species, showed that natural forest edges were impenetrable for small species, preventing their dispersal into the forest interiors, while both the medium and the large species penetrated across these edges and dispersed into the forest interiors. Anthropogenic edges maintained by continued human disturbance (agriculture, forestry, urbanisation) were permeable for ground beetles of all size, allowing them to invade the forest interiors. Overwintering type (overwintering as adults or as larvae) was associated with body size, since almost two-thirds of the small species, while slightly more than a third of both the medium and the large species were adult overwintering. Based on this, size-dependent permeability of natural edges may be related to overwintering type, which basically determines species tolerance to human disturbance.
Housing Reproduction Strategy in Single-Industry Towns
Authors: Torgashina Irina , Demyanov Konstantin
Published: January 2021

The research showed the contribution of domestic single-industry towns to the total GDP of the country. We identified the main features and the definition of a «single-industry town» or «mono-profile settlement» based on the perspective of its functional purpose. The research also analyzed and systematized factors affecting the decrease in the economic potential of domestic single-industry towns. We summarized a number of measures to achieve a stable socio-economic situation in the territory of a mono-profile settlement. The research pointed out the necessity of reproducing housing facilities in the context of the main areas of financial recovery of problematic single-industry towns. The possibilities and scope of specialized approaches developed specifically for the reproduction of housing in single-industry towns with low economic potential were investigated. The authors developed a universal analytical model to determine necessary volumes of housing reproduction within the framework of the policy of financial rehabilitation of mono-profile cities.
Economic Security of the Country and the Role of Tax Management in Providing It
Authors: Nadezhdina Svetlana
Published: January 2021

Economic security is the basis of national security of any country, as well as in Russia. Providing economic security belongs to the key national priorities. When considering economic security in the context of national economy in the conditions of external and internal threats, one should mention that stability and development of economy can serve as a guarantee for preserving national sovereignty and successful solution of socioeconomic problems. Currently, economy of Russia and its regions is influenced by external factors caused by political and economic interrelations at the international level. The article is dedicated to the role of tax management in providing economic security of the country. Existing approaches to defining the notion of «economic security» are suggested; the importance of the tax authority and current tax system of the country for providing replenishment of consolidated budget is explained. A system of measures for preventing threats to economic security is substantiated. Advantages and complexity of applying modern digital technologies in the process of tax management are revealed.
The Current State and Trends in the Management of the Socio-Economic Development of Russia
Authors: Burakov Valery
Published: January 2021

The author supports the opinion of a number of well-known domestic and Western economists and political strategists that there is a crisis in the world order, which manifests itself in the growing contradictions between the declared globalism and the hegemony of the United States, and the current model of capitalism does not ensure economic growth not only in satellite countries and developing countries, but also in the United States. The article examined the results and possible consequences of the application of the neoliberal model of governance and preservation of power by the current comprador bourgeoisie in Russia. As the analysis showed, their implementation is based on such postulates and mechanisms as denationalization of the economy, solving budget deficit problem by selling state assets to foreigners, and the reduction of the functions of the central bank to the functions of a branch of the US Reserve System and a currency exchange office. The study showed that it is dead-end road inevitably leading to a gradual loss of the country's economic and political sovereignty. To overcome negative trends, the authors proposed a number of measures to restore an integral mechanism for managing socio-economic development, including those related to the creation of an appropriate institutional environment, formation of new management structures and restructuring of the management mechanism itself.
Special Section Editorial
Authors: Schmahmann Brenda
Published: January 2021

Works of art made from or involving textiles or cloth (or works that are sewn or woven) often depict events and histories of significance. These may be occurrences with social and political import to communities, groups or countries, but they may also be incidents or experiences only of consequence to those who made the works concerned. While many works in cloth represent events directly, others allude to public or personal histories through their inclusion of motifs with symbolic or metaphoric associations. And while they may involve activism or offer socio-political commentary, often with feminist underpinnings, the act of narrating histories and representing events via cloth is also on many occasions a vehicle for self-reflection or the exploration of identities.
Stitching and unpicking ambivalence toward womanhood and maternity in works by Ilené Bothma
Authors: Bronner Irene
Published: January 2021

Ilené Bothma knits with nylon stockings, stitches with human hair, and performs interventional actions with household furniture. Many of her canvases are vintage handkerchiefs and stockings. The body - specifically female and maternal bodies - is everywhere signalled, but seldom present. The artist also produces meticulously detailed, naturalistic paintings of her own and others' knitting, embroidery and crochet. Her delicate patterning with hair and her paintings of fabric soiled by bodily fluids provide a reflective tension within her work that speaks to how narratives of gendered roles and identities are written into representation. What the artist calls her 'deliberately bad knitting' is central here (Bothma 2020b). Bothma also creates a narrative for the work itself, encouraging possibilities for the interpretation of creative labour. As Valerie Mainz and Griselda Pollock (2000:3) put it, 'attention [is] given here to the work process by which an image is itself produced'. What emerges is a foregrounding of women's ambivalence.
Root-to-shoot organogenesis in Citrus jambhiri Lush. v1
Authors: Roshni Devi Tongbram , Dasgupta Madhumita , RANJAN SAHOO MANAS , Chandra Kole Paresh , Prakash Narendra
Published: January 2021

A protocol for high-frequency direct organogenesis from root explants of Citrus jambhiri Lush. was developed. Full-length roots (~3cm) were isolated from the in vitro grown seedlings and cultured on Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with Nitsch vitamin (MSN) with different concentrations of cytokinin [6-benzylaminopurine, (BAP)] and gibberellic acid (GA3). The frequency of multiple shoot proliferation was very high, with an average of 34.3 shoots per root explant when inoculated on the MSN medium supplemented with BAP (1.0 mg L–1) and GA3 (1.0 mg L–1). Optimal rooting was induced in the plantlets under half strength MSN medium supplemented with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA, 0.5-1.0 mg L–1). IAA induced better root structure than 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), which was evident from the result of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The expressions of growth-regulating factor genes (GRF1 and GRF5) and GA3 signaling genes (GA2OX1 and KO1) were high in the regenerants obtained using MSN+BAP (1.0 mg/L)+GA3 (1.0 mg/L). The expressions of auxin regulating genes were high in roots obtained in ½ MSN+IAA1.0 mg L-1. Furthermore, the virus indexing of the regenerants confirmed that there were no virus amplicons detected for Huanglongbing and Citrus tristezavirus. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers detected no polymorphic bands amongst the regenerated plants. The high-frequency direct regeneration protocol in the present study provides an enormous significance in Citrus organogenesis, it’s commercial cultivation and genetic conservation.
10Xv2 RNASeq Sample Processing v1
Authors: Institute for Brain Science Allen
Published: January 2021

Allows for rapid generation of 3’ transcriptomic-NGS-ready- single-cell-libraries from pools of cells. Note: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute Of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number U19MH114830. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
The calculation of gut metabolic modules from gene profile v1
Authors: Wang Qi
Published: January 2021

The calculation of gut metabolic modules from gene profile
Protocols for "Shotgun Metagenomics of 361 elderly women reveals gut microbiome change in bone mass loss" v1
Authors: Wang Qi , Sun Qiang , Li Xiaoping , Wang Zhefeng , Zheng Haotian , Ju Yanmei , Guo Ruijin , Peng Songlin , Jia Huijue
Published: January 2021

Bone mass loss contributes to the risk of bone fracture in the elderly. Many factors including age, obesity, estrogen and diet, are associated with bone mass loss. Mice studies suggested that the gut microbiome might affect the bone mass by regulating the immune system, however there has been little evidence from human studies. Bone loss increases after menopause. Therefore, we have recruited 361 Chinese post-menopausal women to collect their fecal samples and metadata to conduct metagenome-wide association study (MWAS) to investigate the influence of the gut microbiome on bone health. Gut microbiome sequencing data were produced using BGISEQ500 sequencing, Bone mineral density (BMD) was calculated using Hologic dual energy X-ray machine, body mass index (BMI) and age were also recorded.This collected data allows exploration of the gut microbial diversity and their links to bone mass loss, as well as microbial markers for bone mineral density. In addition, these data are potentially useful in studying the role the gut microbiota might play in bone mass loss and in exploring the bone mass loss process.
Slice Preparation with Tissue Dissociation - Mouse Protocol v2
Authors: Institute for Brain Science Allen
Published: January 2021

This protocol describes the procedure for transcardial perfusion of an adult mouse, followed by brain dissection, embedding, slicing, blockface imaging, ROI microdissection, and tissue dissociation. The output of this protocol is a cell suspension that can be sorted via FACS for single-cell transcriptional profiling. Note: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute Of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number U19MH114830. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.