bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Els mestres de llegir i escriure de la ciutat de Girona a l’època Moderna
Authors: Camprubí Xevi
Published: June 2023

Resum: Al llarg de l’època Moderna la major part de municipis de Catalunya van destinar diners públics per a pagar mestres per ensenyar a llegir i escriure als nens de les famílies amb menys recursos. Aquesta situació també es va donar en el cas de Girona. Aquest article explica quins foren els mestres de minyons que el consell d’aquesta ciutat va contractar al llarg del segle xvii i principi del xviii i les condicions econòmiques que els va oferir. A la vegada, el treball permet constatar que en el període estudiat tant l’oferta educativa pública com el nivell d’escolarització a la ciutat de Girona eren fins i tot més elevats que a final del segle xviii, quan es van començar a fer els primers censos de població.Palabras clave: Girona, ensenyament públic, mestres de minyons, alfabetització.Abstract: In the Early Modern Period most villages and cities in Catalonia employed teachers to instruct how to read and write children from families with few resources, paying their salary with public funds. This situation also occurred in the case of Girona. This article identifies the teachers that were employed by the city council throughout the 17th and early 18th centuries and the economic conditions it offered them. At the same time, this work shows that in this period the public education offer and the attendance level in Girona were even higher than at the end of the 18th century, when the autorities started to drave up the first censuses of population.Keywords: Girona, public education, teachers, schoolboys, literacy.
Comèdies en escena: les representacions a Barcelona i València en els segles XVI i XVII
Authors: Llàcer Martorell Arantxa
Published: June 2023

Resum: Mitjançant aquest article proposem una revisió de la petjada del teatre en la cultura catalana del segle xvii. Més concretament revisarem la bibliografia al voltant dels espais de representació i obres representades als teatres de Barcelona i València, destacant la difusió de les comèdies de Lope de Vega en aquests dos espais. Revisem quin és l’impacte del Fénix sobre els teatres, tant pel que fa a les estructures físiques de representació com a la difusió de les comèdies. Repassem algunes dades rellevants al voltant de la presència de companyies teatrals a València i Barcelona, i mirem de discernir quines obres s’hi representarien, encaixant-les en el panorama peninsular per poder valorar el rol d’aquestes dues ciutats catalanoparlants en el món de les representacions teatrals. Finalment, plantegem algunes hipòtesis sobre l’existència d’un teatre profà en català i els possibles entorns i formats per a la circulació del teatre.Paraules clau: teatre, Lope de Vega, representació, comèdies, circulació.Abstract: This article proposes a review of the importance of theatre in Catalan culture in the 17th century. More specifically, we will review the bibliography on the performance spaces and plays performed in the theatres of Barcelona and Valencia, highlighting the dissemination of Lope de Vega’s comedies in these two spaces. We review the impact of the Fénix on the theatres, both in terms of the physical structures of performance and the diffusion of the plays. We review some relevant data about the presence of theatre companies in Valencia and Barcelona, and we try to discern which plays would be performed there, focusing them in the peninsular panorama in order to evaluate the role of these two Catalan-Partilian cities in the world of theatrical performances. Finally, we put forward some hypotheses about the existence of a profane theatre in Catalan and the possible environments and formats for the circulation of the theatre.Keywords: theatre, Lope de Vega, performance, comedies, circulation.
Malnoms graciosos de criminals desgraciats entre les sentències de contenció del canceller de Catalunya (segles XVI-XVII)
Authors: Capdeferro Josep
Published: June 2023

Resum: Insospitadament, en una col·lecció jurisprudencial de prestigi emanada dels cancellers de la Catalunya moderna, diversos criminals que buscaven la protecció de l’asil eclesiàstic van ser designats amb els seus malnoms respectius, a més de nom i cognom i, sovint, altres circumstàncies identificatives. Així, es constata l’arrelament profund d’aquest mecanisme popular per designar les persones (de certa extracció social?). La majoria dels 75 malnoms localitzats eren graciosos i corresponien a trets d’origen, caracterització o complementaris dels delinqüents respectius. Només alguns resulten totalment enigmàtics als ulls contemporanis (quelcom ben comprensible, n’hi ha que tenen una component arbitrària o atzarosa).Paraules clau: malnoms, Catalunya, barroc, canceller, justícia, arbitrarietatAbstract:  Unexpectedly, in a prestigious collection of sentences issued by the chancellors of early modern Catalonia, several malefactors who sought the protection of ecclesiastical asylum were designated by their respective nicknames, in addition to their first and last names and, often, other identifying circumstances. Thus, the deep rootedness of this popular mechanism to designate people (of a certain social extraction?) is confirmed. Most of the seventy-five nicknames found are quite funny and provide information on the origin, characterization or complementary elements of the offenders. Only some are totally enigmatic to contemporary eyes (which is quite understandable, they often had an arbitrary or random component).Keywords: nicknames, Catalonia, earlymodern, chancellor, justice, arbitrariness
Negar el dogma de la Transsubstanciació. El procés inquisitorial contra Antoni Moxó (1504-1505), el convers que ‘no volia rebre lo cors preciós de Jesucrist’
Authors: Mompó Jacob
Published: June 2023

Resum: En un context de persecució contra la minoria social dels conversos de jueu com la que es vivia a la València dels inicis del segle xvi, Antoni Moxó, un convers que sempre s’havia mostrat públicament com un cristià creient, va ser descobert d’una manera circumstancial. Afectat per una malaltia transitòria, que li provocava episodis de demència, els seus veïns es veieren en l’obligació de salvar-li l’ànima i obligar-lo a rebre els sagraments de la confessió i de l’eucaristia. Més enllà dels seus orígens conversos, fins i tot sense importar la seua conducta sexual ‘reprovable’, els inquisidors tingueren prou a demostrar que l’acusat no creia en el dogma de la transsubstanciació per condemnar-lo a la foguera. En aquest treball ens endinsem en el procés inquisitorial del cotamaller Antoni Moxó per aprofundir en les experiències vitals d’un personatge desconegut, abocat a la mort per no voler combregar, segurament a causa del seu estat mental.Palabras clave: Conversos, Inquisició, València, JudaismeAbstract: The early 16th century in Valencia witnessed a period of intense persecution against the social minority of Jewish converts. Antoni Moxó, a convert who consistently presented himself publicly as a believing Christian, was discovered by accident. His neighbors felt compelled to save his soul and forced him to receive the sacraments of confession and the Eucharist after he was affected by a transient illness that caused episodes of dementia. Despite his converso origins and ‘reprehensible’ sexual behaviour, the inquisitors only needed to demonstrate that Moxó did not believe in the dogma of transubstantiation to condemn him to the stake. This study delves into the inquisitorial process of Antoni Moxó in order to explore the life experiences of an unknown person who was condemned to death for refusing to take communion, likely due to his mental state.Keywords: Converts, Inquisition, Valencia, Judaism
«Casament de Nostra Senyora i la Nativitat del Senyor» (1627), de Rafel Ribella. Edició i estudi d’un plec solt poètic mai reimprès
Authors: Prat Enric , Vila Medinya Pep
Published: June 2023

Resum: Editem i anotem un plec solt del segle xvii (Barcelona, Sebastià i Jaume Mathevat, 1627), de contingut poètic i tema nadalenc, que mai no havia estat reimprès malgrat la seva qualitat literària, i del qual existeixen almenys tres exemplars. És una obra firmada però d’autor desconegut, reelaboració culta, amb elements doctrinals i moralizadors, d’un gènere de caràcter essencialment tradicional.Paraules clau: plec solt poètic, refrany-bagatel·la, Rafel Ribella, segle xvii, poema nadalenc.Abstract: Annotated edition of a four page poetic chapbook from the 17th century (Barcelona, Sebastià i Jaume Mathevat, 1627), a Christmas poem, never reprinted despite its literary quality. At least three copies are known as preserved. It is a signed work but the author is completely unknown to us, a cultured reworking of a traditional genre, a cultured reworking of a traditional genre, with addition of doctrinal and moralizing elements. Keywords: Four page poetic chapbook, nonsense rhyming word, Rafel Ribella, 17th century, Christmas poem.
«Fent una reixa ofici de vicari». La paradoxa de la reixa en la poesia de Vicent Garcia i Francesc Fontanella
Authors: Sogues Marco Marc
Published: June 2023

Resum: El present article parteix de la comparació entre el tòpic de l’amor de lluny (o amor absent), referit a aquella mena de textos en què el jo poètic es troba separat de la dama que estima, i el que es proposa d’anomenar ‘amor de reixa’, que s’esdevé en la poesia d’amors mongívols quan una monja i el seu pretendent es troben separats únicament per la distància mínima però insalvable de la reixa d’un locutori. El treball analitza els paral·lelismes i les divergències entre els dos tòpics i els il·lustra amb l’anàlisi d’un romanç de Francesc Fontanella i tres sonets de Francesc Vicent Garcia, Rector de Vallfogona. També s’identifica un cas de relació intertextual entre els dos autors que no havia estat detectat fins ara.Paraules clau: poesia barroca, literatura satírica, Francesc Fontanella, Francesc Vicent Garcia, amor de lluny.Abstract: The present article starts from the comparison between the cliché of love from afar (or absent love), referred to that kind of texts in which the poetic self is separated from the lady he loves, and what is proposed to be called ‘grilled love’, which happens in the poetry of monastic love when a nun and her suitor are separated only by the minimal but insurmountable distance of the grill of a locutory. The work analyzes the parallels and divergences between the two clichés and illustrates them with the analysis of a romance by Francesc Fontanella and three sonnets by Francesc Vicent Garcia, Rector of Vallfogona. Also, it is pointed out a case of intertextual relationship between the two authors that had not been detected until now.Keywords: baroque poetry, satirical literature, Francesc Fontanella, Francesc Vicent Garcia, love from afar.
Ressenya a Vicent Josep Escartí, Jaume I en la memòria d’un poble. El rei Conqueridor en la literatura i en la historiografia, del segle XIII al XX, València, 2021
Authors: March Tortajada Robert
Published: June 2023

Ressenya a Vicent Josep Escartí, Jaume I en la memòria d’un poble. El rei Conqueridor en la literatura i en la historiografia, del segle XIII al XX, València, Generalitat Valenciana, 2021, 252 p., ISBN: 978-84-482-6534-2
Review to Vicent Josep Escartí, Jaume I en la memòria d’un poble. El rei Conqueridor en la literatura i en la historiografia, del segle XIII al XX, València, Generalitat Valenciana, 2021, 252 p., ISBN: 978-84-482-6534-2
Ressenya a Josep Lluís Martos: El primer cancionero impreso y un pliego poético incunable, Madrid-Frankfurt, 2023,
Authors: Mompó Jacob
Published: June 2023

Ressenya a Josep Lluís Martos: El primer cancionero impreso y un pliego poético incunable, Madrid-Frankfurt: Iberoamericana -Vervuert, 2023, 332 pp. ISBN: 978-84-9192-332-9 Review to Josep Lluís Martos: El primer cancionero impreso y un pliego poético incunable, Madrid-Frankfurt: Iberoamericana -Vervuert, 2023, 332 pp. ISBN: 978-84-9192-332-9
Ressenya a Emilio Callado Estela (ed.) Para Dios y los hombres. Estudios en torno a san Luis Bertrán en el 350 aniversario de su canonización, Granada, 2023
Authors: Llinares Planells Alejandro
Published: June 2023

Ressenya a Emilio Callado Estela (ed.) Para Dios y los hombres. Estudios en torno a san Luis Bertrán en el 350 aniversario de su canonización, Granada, Comares, 2023, 222 pp., ISBN: 978-84-1369-523-5
Review to Emilio Callado Estela (ed.) Para Dios y los hombres. Estudios en torno a san Luis Bertrán en el 350 aniversario de su canonización, Granada, Comares, 2023, 222 pp., ISBN: 978-84-1369-523-5
Ressenya a Antoni Simon Tarrés La unitat d’Espanya com a valor polític. Una arqueologia intel·lectual, Catarroja-Barcelona, 2022
Authors: Casals Martínez Àngel
Published: June 2023

Ressenya a Antoni Simon Tarrés La unitat d’Espanya com a valor polític. Una arqueologia intel·lectual, Catarroja-Barcelona, Editorial Afers, 2022, 453 pp., ISBN 978-84-18618-31-4Review to Antoni Simon Tarrés La unitat d’Espanya com a valor polític. Una arqueologia intel·lectual, Catarroja-Barcelona, Editorial Afers, 2022, 453 pp., ISBN 978-84-18618-31-4
Art and creative spaces in the context of architectural and art education
Authors: Panchuk Angelina Vitalevna , Samsonova Evgeniya Mikhailovna , Kim Anton Andreevich
Published: June 2023

The main subject of the article is the definition and typology of creative spaces. The goal is a search for an architectural solution for creative space in the university environment. Tasks: compilation of the terminological base of the study; typologization of public and educational creative spaces; formation of the creative cluster concept of the intercollegiate campus in Khabarovsk. The relevance of the topic is due to the growing demand for new university spaces, including those implemented within the framework of the federal program for the creation of world-class campuses, taking into account new forms and methods of organizing educational processes. Qualitative content analysis was used as a method in this article. In general, the methods of photofixation, sociological survey, modeling were used in the study. At the beginning of the article, the terminological base of the study is established, based on the difference in the etymology and semantics of the term "creativity". The first meaning of the term refers to the initiative of generating unusual ideas and social format. The second meaning refers to the process of producing new items, cultural phenomena and individual format. The analysis of the research of public creative spaces allows us to identify the main criteria of typology: according to the initial data, according to the functions, according to the method and purpose of the organization, according to the way the space is organized. The analysis of specialized workshops at universities with creative directions was based on the criteria of the educational process organization. The novelty of the research consists in an attempt to combine narrow-profile educational spaces of architectural and artistic directions with public creative spaces within the framework of the intercollegiate campus in Khabarovsk. The research hypothesis is the art and creative university spaces co-organization contributes to the fulfillment of the university mission 3.0.
Wooden buildings of Chita in the work of the first architects of the city
Authors: Semushina Irina Sergeevna , Bazilevich Mikhail Evgenevich , Bazilevich Evgenii Mikhailovich
Published: June 2023

The article presents the results of a study conducted by the authors with the support of the Russian Science Foundation grant "Architects and engineers of the eastern outskirts of Russia (second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries)". The features of a significant layer of regional wooden architecture, preserved in the capital of the Trans-Baikal Territory - the city of Chita, are considered. Based on the materials of field surveys and the State Archives of the Trans-Baikal Territory, the preserved objects and original designs of a number of buildings and structures for various purposes were studied. The wooden architecture of the city is viewed through the prism of the activities of the first city architects and engineers, as well as other masters of the building art who received professional education in the leading architectural and engineering schools of central Russia, as well as specialists who did not have a specialized education, but received the right to carry out architectural and construction work after passing exams at the Ministry of Construction Affairs in St. Petersburg. As a result, a complete systematized picture of the historical evolution of the wooden architecture of Chita was compiled, which was formed under the influence of all-Russian architectural traditions, but at the same time had its own distinctive features associated with the specifics of the development of the region and the personal ideas of the masters of architectural and construction art, as well as customers of architecture of this type.
Approaches of international organizations to determining the essence of cryptocurrencies
Authors: Andrianova Natalia Gennadievna
Published: June 2023

The active development of cryptocurrencies around the world began about 10 years ago, but despite the rather long period of time, the world has not yet developed a unified approach to understanding the essence of cryptocurrencies and the general rules for their legal regulation. This article examines the essence of cryptocurrencies from the standpoint of a general theoretical approach, and also analyzes the positions of international organizations regarding the definition of the essence of cryptocurrencies. The creation of a common approach to determining the essence of cryptocurrencies at the global level will make it possible to choose a single most optimal approach to the issue of their further legal regulation by countries at the national level. The analysis allowed to conclude that the concept of cryptocurrencies can be considered in several different aspects, each of which has its own specifics, but at the same time reflects the essential features of cryptocurrencies. Many international organizations classify cryptocurrencies as virtual/digital currencies, noting, at the same time, the significant risks of their use and the need to create a coordinated and systematic regulation of the sphere of cryptocurrency turnover to reduce the ways and possibilities of their illegal use.
Diary written in the form of a letter to a mentor as a Sufi psychotechnics (psycholinguistic analysis)
Authors: Kangieva Alie Memetovna
Published: June 2023

The article analyzes the diaries in the form of a letter to a mentor, presents the results of a survey of the authors of the diaries, reflecting their subjective assessment of the influence of the diary on their mental state. The spread of such diary forms as a diary in the form of a letter to a mentor reflects a communicative turn in science, psychology, art, mass consciousness, when the focus shifts from I to You. The postmodern aesthetics of modern diary forms is revealed. It is shown that writing letters to mentors is not a classical ritual Sufi psychotechnics. At the same time, Sufism is a communicative model and all Sufi rituals are rituals of communication. Therefore, writing letters is a written expression of such classical Sufi techniques as istighasa, istiana (asking for help), tawassul (search for means of approaching God), rabita (imagining meeting and being near a mentor). Sufi returns to the ultimate truth about himself: about his boundaries, about his vulnerability and weakness, about the need for You, about the impossibility of living without a dialogue with You. Through embedding himself in a hierarchical relationship with a mentor, the Sufi comes to the ultimate dependence on God. Dependence on God is not chemical or behavioral, it is getting rid of psychic defenses and illusions about the strength of one’s control, influence and power and stating one’s slavish position with God, when the only thing that controls the heart of a Sufi is choice-to-you.
Cross–cultural adaptation and approbation of the questionnaire "Stroke Self-efficacy Questionnaire" ("Self-efficacy after stroke").
Authors: Nazmetdinova Dilara Gamzatovna , Shamakov Viktor A
Published: June 2023

The article presents a step-by-step description of the procedure for cross-cultural adaptation of the questionnaire on the Russian sample. The goal is to adapt and test the Stroke Self-efficacy Questionnaire on stroke patients with an assessment of internal consistency and convergent validity. 77 patients of the Tomsk Regional Vascular Center filled out the Russian-language version of the "SSEQ" and the "Scale of general self-efficacy" (R. Schwarzer, M. Yerusalem, adapted by V.G. Romek) were studied. When filling out 13 scales of the questionnaire, patients assessed their abilities, capabilities, resources in performing everyday tasks after a stroke on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 is absolutely not sure and 10 is absolutely sure. To assess convergent validity, post-stroke patients filled out a "Scale of general self-efficacy" consisting of 10 items, each of which has 4 degrees of consent of the respondent from "absolutely incorrect" to "absolutely true". The total values on the scale (from 10 to 40 points) reflect the overall indicator of subjective assessment of personal effectiveness. The article presents the psychometric characteristics of the test and descriptive statistics. The internal consistency of the test was determined by the Kronbach method. The coefficient is generally equal to 0.875. Adaptation and testing of the questionnaire "Self-efficacy after stroke" in many countries has shown good validity results. Cross-cultural adaptation of the questionnaire "Self-efficacy after stroke" was conducted in Russia for the first time. The advantages of using this questionnaire include the possibility of using it as an express technique in the work of a clinical psychologist within a multidisciplinary team to assess the motivational component of rehabilitation potential in the system of staged rehabilitation treatment.
Spatial structure favors microbial coexistence except when slower mediator diffusion weakens interactions
Authors: Lobanov Alexander , Dyckman Samantha , Kurkjian Helen , Momeni Babak
Published: June 2023

Microbes often exist in spatially structured environments and many of their interactions are mediated through diffusible metabolites. How does such a context affect microbial coexistence? To address this question, we use a model in which the spatial distributions of species and diffusible interaction mediators are explicitly included. We simulate the enrichment process, examining how microbial species spatially reorganize and how eventually a subset of them coexist. In our model, we find that slower motility of cells promotes coexistence by allowing species to co-localize with their facilitators and avoid their inhibitors. We additionally find that a spatially structured environment is more influential when species mostly facilitate each other, rather than when they are mostly competing. More coexistence is observed when species produce many mediators and consume some (not many or few) mediators, and when overall consumption and production rates are balanced. Interestingly, coexistence appears to be disfavored when mediators are diffusing slowly because that leads to weaker interaction strengths. Overall, our results offer new insights into how production, consumption, motility, and diffusion intersect to determine microbial coexistence in a spatially structured environment.
A MSTNDel273C mutation with FGF5 knockout sheep by CRISPR/Cas9 promotes skeletal muscle myofiber hyperplasia via MEK-ERK-FOSL1 axis
Authors: Chen Ming-Ming , Zhao Yue , Xu Xue-Ling , Zhang Xiao-Sheng , Zhang Jin-Long , Wu Su-Jun , Liu Zhi-Mei , Yuan Yi-Ming , Guo Xiao-Fei , Qi Shi-Yu , Yi Guang , Wang Shu-Qi , Li Huang-Xiang , Wu Ao-Wu , Liu Guo-Shi , Yu Kun , Deng Shoulong , Han Hong-Bing , Lv Feng-Hua , Li Yan , Lian Zheng-Xing
Published: June 2023

Mutations in the well-known Myostatin ( MSTN ) produce a “double-muscle” phenotype, which makes it commercially invaluable for improving livestock meat production and providing high-quality protein for humans. However, mutations at different loci of the MSTN often produce a variety of different phenotypes. In the current study, we increased the delivery ratio of Cas9 mRNA to sgRNA from the traditional 1:2 to 1:10, which improves the efficiency of the homozygous mutation of biallelic gene. Here, a MSTN Del273C mutation with FGF5 knockout sheep, in which the MSTN and FGF5 dual-gene biallelic homozygous mutations were produced via the deletion of 3-base pairs of AGC in the third exon of MSTN , resulting in cysteine-depleted at amino acid position 273, and the FGF5 double allele mutation led to inactivation of FGF5 gene. The MSTN Del273C mutation with FGF5 knockout sheep highlights a dominant “double-muscle” phenotype, which can be stably inherited. Both F0 and F1 generation mutants highlight the excellent trait of high-yield meat with a smaller cross-sectional area and higher number of muscle fibers per unit area. Mechanistically, the MSTN Del273C mutation with FGF5 knockout mediated the activation of FOSL1 via the MEK-ERK-FOSL1 axis. The activated FOSL1 promotes skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation and inhibits myogenic differentiation by inhibiting the transcription of MyoD1, and resulting in smaller myotubes.
Human Attention during Goal-directed Reading Comprehension Relies on Task Optimization
Authors: Zou Jiajie , Zhang Yuran , Li Jialu , Tian Xing , Ding Nai
Published: June 2023

The computational principles underlying attention allocation in complex goal-directed tasks remain elusive. Goal-directed reading, i.e., reading a passage to answer a question in mind, is a common real-world task that strongly engages attention. Here, we investigate what computational models can explain attention distribution in this complex task. We show that the reading time on each word is predicted by the attention weights in transformer-based deep neural networks (DNNs) optimized to perform the same reading task. Eye-tracking further reveals that readers separately attend to basic text features and question-relevant information during first-pass reading and rereading, respectively. Similarly, text features and question relevance separately modulate attention weights in shallow and deep DNN layers. Furthermore, when readers scan a passage without a question in mind, their reading time is predicted by DNNs optimized for a word prediction task. Therefore, attention during real-world reading can be interpreted as the consequence of task optimization.
The ability to sense the environment is heterogeneously distributed in cell populations
Authors: Goetz Andrew , Akl Hoda , Dixit Purushottam
Published: June 2023

Channel capacity of signaling networks quantifies their fidelity in sensing extracellular inputs. Low estimates of channel capacities for several mammalian signaling networks suggest that cells can barely detect the presence/absence of environmental signals. However, given the extensive heterogeneity and temporal stability of cell state variables, we hypothesize that the sensing ability itself may depend on the state of the cells. In this work, we present an information-theoretic framework to quantify the distribution of sensing abilities from single-cell data. Using data on two mammalian pathways, we show that sensing abilities are widely distributed in the population and most cells achieve better resolution of inputs compared to an ‘average cell’. We verify these predictions using live-cell imaging data on the IGFR/FoxO pathway. Importantly, we identify cell state variables that correlate with cells’ sensing abilities. This information-theoretic framework will significantly improve our understanding of how cells sense in their environment.
The ability to sense the environment is heterogeneously distributed in cell populations
Authors: Goetz Andrew , Akl Hoda , Dixit Purushottam
Published: June 2023

Channel capacity of signaling networks quantifies their fidelity in sensing extracellular inputs. Low estimates of channel capacities for several mammalian signaling networks suggest that cells can barely detect the presence/absence of environmental signals. However, given the extensive heterogeneity in cell states, we hypothesize that the sensing ability itself varies from cell to cell in a cell state dependent manner. In this work, we present an information theoretic framework to quantify the distribution of sensing abilities from single cell data. Using data on two mammalian pathways, we show that sensing abilities are widely distributed in the population and most cells achieve better resolution of inputs than what is implied by traditional cell state agnostic estimates. We verify these predictions using live cell imaging data on the IGFR/FoxO pathway. Importantly, we identify cell state variables that correlate with cells’ sensing abilities. This information theoretic framework will significantly improve our understanding of how cells sense in their environment.
Emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2 NSP10 highlight strong functional conservation of its binding to two non-structural proteins, NSP14 and NSP16
Authors: Wang Huan , Rizvi Syed R A , Dong Danni , Lou Jiaqi , Wang Qian , Sopipong Watanyoo , Su Yufeng , Najar Fares , Agarwal Pratul K , Kozielski Frank , Haider Shozeb
Published: June 2023

The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 protects its RNA from being recognized by host immune responses by methylation of its 5’ end, also known as capping. This process is carried out by two enzymes, non-structural protein 16 (NSP16) containing 2’-O-methyltransferase and NSP14 through its N7 methyltransferase activity, which are essential for the replication of the viral genome as well as evading the host’s innate immunity. NSP10 acts as a crucial cofactor and stimulator of NSP14 and NSP16. To further understand the role of NSP10, we carried out a comprehensive analysis of >13 million globally collected whole-genome sequences (WGS) of SARS-CoV-2 obtained from the Global Initiative Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) and compared it with the reference genome Wuhan/WIV04/2019 to identify all currently known variants in NSP10. T12I, T102I, and A104V in NSP10 have been identified as the three most frequent variants and characterized using X-ray crystallography, biophysical assays and enhanced sampling simulations. In contrast to other proteins such as spike and NSP6, NSP10 is significantly less prone to mutation due to its crucial role in replication. The functional effects of the variants were examined for their impact on the binding affinity and stability of both NSP14-NSP10 and NSP16-NSP10 complexes. These results highlight the limited changes induced by variant evolution in NSP10 and reflect on the critical roles NSP10 plays during the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle. These results also indicate that there is limited capacity for the virus to overcome inhibitors targeting NSP10 via the generation of variants in inhibitor binding pockets.
A novel cell division protein critical for the assembly of the bacterial divisome
Authors: Chu Xiao , Wang Lidong , Zhu Yiheng , Feng Zhengshan , Guan Qingtian , Song Lei , Luo Zhao-Qing
Published: June 2023

Identification of novel essential bacterial genes is important for not only the understanding of their cell biology but also the development of new antimicrobials. Here we report a previously unrecognized core component of the
Acinetobacter baumannii
divisome. Our results reveal that the protein, termed Aeg1 interacts with multiple cell division proteins, including FtsN, which is required for components of the divisome to localize to the midcell. We demonstrate that the FtsA
E202K
and FtsB
E65A
mutants effectively bypassed the need of Aeg1 by
A
.
baumannii
, so did the activation variants FtsW
M254I
and FtsW
S274G
. Our results suggest that Aeg1 is a cell division protein that arrives at the division site to initiate cell division by recruiting FtsN, which activates FtsQLB and FtsA to induces the septal peptidoglycan synthase FtsWI. The discovery of the new essential cell division protein has provided a new target for the development of antibacterial agents.
Vertical transmission of maternal mitochondrial DNA through extracellular vesicles modulates embryo bioenergetics
Authors: Bolumar David , Moncayo-Arlandi Javier , Gonzalez-Fernandez Javier , Ochando Ana , Moreno Inmaculada , Marin Carlos , Diez Antonio , Fabra Paula , Checa Miguel Ángel , Espinos Juan José , Gardner David K. , Simon Carlos , Vilella Felipe
Published: June 2023

The transmission of DNA through extracellular vesicles (EVs) represents a novel genetic material transfer mechanism that may impact genome evolution and tumorigenesis. We aimed to investigate the potential for vertical mitochondrial (mt)DNA transmission within maternal endometrial EVs to the pre-implantation embryo and describe any effect on embryo bioenergetics.We discovered that the human endometrium secretes all three general subtypes of EV - apoptotic bodies (ABs), microvesicles (MVs), and exosomes (EXOs) - into the human endometrial fluid (EF) within the uterine cavity. EVs become uniformly secreted into the EF during the menstrual cycle, with the proportion of different EV populations remaining constant; however, MVs contain significantly higher levels of DNA than ABs or EXOs. During the window of implantation, MVs contain an eleven-fold higher level of mtDNA when compared to cells-of-origin within the receptive endometrium, which possesses a lower mtDNA content and displays the upregulated expression of mitophagy-related genes. Furthermore, we demonstrate the internalization of EV-derived mtDNA by trophoblast cells of murine embryos, which associated with a reduction in mitochondrial respiration and ATP production.These findings suggest that the maternal endometrium suffers a reduction in mtDNA content during the preconceptional period, that mtDNA becomes packaged into secreted EVs that the embryo uptakes, and that the transfer of mtDNA to the embryo within EVs occurs alongside the modulation of bioenergetics during implantation.
MotorNet: a Python toolbox for controlling differentiable biomechanical effectors with artificial neural networks
Authors: Codol Olivier , Michaels Jonathan A. , Kashefi Mehrdad , Pruszynski J. Andrew , Gribble Paul L.
Published: June 2023

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are a powerful class of computational models for unravelling neural mechanisms of brain function. However, for neural control of movement, they currently must be integrated with software simulating biomechanical effectors, leading to limiting impracticalities: (1) researchers must rely on two different platforms and (2) biomechanical effectors are not generally differentiable, constraining researchers to reinforcement learning algorithms despite the existence and potential biological relevance of faster training methods. To address these limitations, we developed MotorNet, an open-source Python toolbox for creating arbitrarily complex, differentiable, and biomechanically realistic effectors that can be trained on user-defined motor tasks using ANNs. MotorNet is designed to meet several goals: ease of installation, ease of use, a high-level user-friendly API, and a modular architecture to allow for flexibility in model building. MotorNet requires no dependencies outside Python, making it easy to get started with. For instance, it allows training ANNs on typically used motor control models such as a two joint, six muscle, planar arm within minutes on a typical desktop computer. MotorNet is built on TensorFlow and therefore can implement any network architecture that is possible using the TensorFlow framework. Consequently, it will immediately benefit from advances in artificial intelligence through TensorFlow updates. Finally, it is open source, enabling users to create and share their own improvements, such as new effector and network architectures or custom task designs. MotorNet’s focus on higher order model and task design will alleviate overhead cost to initiate computational projects for new researchers by providing a standalone, ready-to-go framework, and speed up efforts of established computational teams by enabling a focus on concepts and ideas over implementation.
Male rats emit aversive 44-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations during prolonged Pavlovian fear conditioning
Authors: Olszyński Krzysztof Hubert , Polowy Rafał , Wardak Agnieszka Diana , Łaska Izabela Anna , Grymanowska Aneta Wiktoria , Puławski Wojciech , Gawryś Olga , Koliński Michał , Filipkowski Robert Kuba
Published: June 2023

Rats are believed to communicate their emotional state by emitting two distinct types of ultrasonic vocalizations. The first is long ‘22-kHz’ vocalizations (>300 ms, <32-kHz) with constant frequency, signaling aversive states, and the second is short ‘50-kHz’ calls (<150 ms, >32 kHz), often frequency-modulated, in appetitive situations. Here, we describe aversive vocalizations emitted at a higher pitch by male Wistar and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) in an intensified aversive state – prolonged fear conditioning. These calls, which we named ‘44-kHz’ vocalizations, are long (>150 ms), generally at a constant frequency (usually within 35–50-kHz range) and have an overall spectrographic image similar to 22-kHz calls. Some 44-kHz vocalizations are comprised of both 22-kHz-like and 44-kHz-like elements. Furthermore, two separate clustering methods confirmed that these 44-kHz calls can be separated from other vocalizations. We observed 44-kHz calls to be associated with freezing behavior during fear conditioning training, during which they constituted up to 19.4% of all calls and most of them appeared next to each other forming uniform groups of vocalizations (bouts). We also show that some of rats’ responses to the playback of 44-kHz calls were more akin to that of aversive calls, for example, heart rate changes, whereas other responses were at an intermediate level between aversive and appetitive calls. Our results suggest that rats have a wider vocal repertoire than previously believed, and current definitions of major call types may require reevaluation. We hope that future investigations of 44-kHz calls in rat models of human diseases will contribute to expanding our understanding and therapeutic strategies related to human psychiatric conditions.
An unconventional gatekeeper mutation sensitizes inositol hexakisphosphate kinases to an allosteric inhibitor
Authors: Aguirre Tim , Dornan Gillian L , Hostachy Sarah , Neuenschwander Martin , Seyffarth Carola , Haucke Volker , Schütz Anja , von Kries Jens Peter , Fiedler Dorothea
Published: June 2023

Inositol hexakisphosphate kinases (IP6Ks) are emerging as relevant pharmacological targets because a multitude of disease-related phenotypes has been associated with their function. While the development of potent IP6K inhibitors is gaining momentum, a pharmacological tool to distinguish the mammalian isozymes is still lacking. Here, we implemented an analog-sensitive approach for IP6Ks and performed a high-throughput screen to identify suitable lead compounds. The most promising hit, FMP-201300, exhibited high potency and selectivity toward the unique valine gatekeeper mutants of IP6K1 and IP6K2, compared to the respective wild-type (WT) kinases. Biochemical validation experiments revealed an allosteric mechanism of action that was corroborated by hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry measurements. The latter analysis suggested that displacement of the αC helix, caused by the gatekeeper mutation, facilitates the binding of FMP-201300 to an allosteric pocket adjacent to the ATP-binding site. FMP-201300 therefore serves as a valuable springboard for the further development of compounds that can selectively target the three mammalian IP6Ks; either as analog-sensitive kinase inhibitors or as an allosteric lead compound for the WT kinases.
An unconventional gatekeeper mutation sensitizes inositol hexakisphosphate kinases to an allosteric inhibitor
Authors: Aguirre Tim , Hostachy Sarah , Dornan Gillian L. , Neuenschwander Martin , Seyffarth Carola , Haucke Volker , Schütz Anja , von Kries Jens P. , Fiedler Dorothea
Published: June 2023

Inositol hexakisphosphate kinases (IP6Ks) are emerging as relevant pharmacological targets because a multitude of disease-related phenotypes has been associated with their function. While the development of potent IP6K inhibitors is gaining momentum, a pharmacological tool to distinguish the mammalian isozymes is still lacking. Here, we implemented an analog-sensitive approach for IP6Ks and performed a high-throughput screen to identify suitable lead compounds. The most promising hit, FMP-201300, exhibited high potency and selectivity towards the unique valine gatekeeper mutants of IP6K1 and IP6K2, compared to the respective wild-type kinases. Biochemical validation experiments revealed an allosteric mechanism of action that was corroborated by HDX-MS measurements. The latter analysis suggested that displacement of the
α
C helix, caused by the gatekeeper mutation, facilitates the binding of FMP-201300 to an allosteric pocket adjacent to the ATP binding site. FMP-201300 therefore serves as a valuable springboard for the further development of compounds that can selectively target the three mammalian IP6Ks; either as analog-sensitive kinase inhibitors or as an allosteric lead compound for the wild-type kinases.
Teoria do alto escalão: revisão sistemática sobre os efeitos da equipe diretiva na performance organizacional
Authors: Da Silva Juliano Reginaldo Corrêa , Mendes Ariana de Souza , Mendes Oizes Vieira , Prim Maricléia Lopes , De Lima Maurício Andrade
Published: June 2023

Esta pesquisa analisou a produção científica acerca da teoria do alto escalão, desde o seminal artigo de Hambrick e Mason (1984) até abril de 2020. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo descritiva por meio do Knowledge Development Process -Constructivist (Proknow-C). Foram identificados 3.109 artigos que, após filtragem, deram origem ao portfólio final contendo 33 artigos. Os principais resultados da pesquisa indicam que: (a) o periódico Academy of Management Annals apresenta maior fator de impacto (JCR/SJR); (b) Em 1984, o artigo intitulado A resource-based view of the firm, de Wernerfelt,  foi identificado como o artigo de maior reconhecimento científico; (c) os autores mais relevantes foram Bantel e Hambrick; (d) Upper echelons theory e Top management team foram as palavras-chave de maior destaque; (e) o pareamento apontou que a teoria da racionalidade limitada, a teoria da contingência e a teoria da agência, figuram na maioria das pesquisas, sendo analisadas de forma concomitante à teoria do alto escalão. Por fim, esta pesquisa amplia o entendimento acerca da teoria do alto escalão como alternativa para melhorar a performance organizacional.
Policy for sustainable development of Vietnam’s North Middle and Mountains
Authors: Tung Phuong Huu
Published: June 2023

The Northern Midlands and Mountains play an important role in the country’s socio-economic and environmental development. Sustainable development of the Northern Midlands and Mountains towards urbanization is a big issue that needs to be invested until 2030 with a vision to 2045. The article uses qualitative research methods to review relevant research documents. to summarize and complete the theoretical basis of sustainable development in the region. Besides, the author also collects secondary information and data from the General Statistics Office to analyze the socio-economic development situation of the northern midland and mountainous provinces. The author summarizes the results, points out the limitations and weaknesses that need to be overcome in the sustainable development of the Northern midland and mountainous region, from which the author also proposes a number of policies such as developing strategies and regulations. plan and policy system for sustainable development of the region and solutions to implement the policy of sustainable development of the Northern midland and mountainous region in the coming time.
O Imposto de Transmissão Causa Mortis e Doação (ITCMD) do Estado de São Paulo e gestão de conflitos: redução das demandas judiciais a partir de alteração legislativa
Authors: Serafim Antonio Braide , Perez Filho Augusto Martinez
Published: June 2023

O Imposto sobre Transmissão Causa Mortis e Doação do Estado de São Paulo (ITCMD) é um dos impostos de competência tributária estadual, ao lado do ICMS e do IPVA, sendo responsável por expressiva parte das receitas angariadas. Todavia, há número expressivo de demandas judiciais envolvendo parâmetros relativos ao valor devido à Administração Tributária. O presente artigo buscou responder à pergunta: Como mitigar a entrada de novas demandas questionando o valor do tributo devido? Para tanto, houve estudo da norma de incidência tributária do ITCMD do Estado de São Paulo, nos seus aspectos material, temporal, espacial e quantitativo, bem como análise das principais discussões judiciais relativas à legislação aplicável. O método de pesquisa utilizado foi do tipo dedutivo, com aplicação das técnicas de revisão bibliográfica, estudos da legislação estadual paulista e jurisprudência aplicável. Ao final, concluiu-se que eventual alteração da Lei paulista n. 10.705/2000, incluindo-se novos parâmetros mínimos para os valores venais dos imóveis rurais e urbanos, seria possível eliminar a entrada de novos questionamentos via Poder Judiciário. Além disso, contribuiria para melhor alocação de servidores do Fisco estadual, bem como corroboraria com a Justiça fiscal, na medida em que os mesmos parâmetros de cálculo do ITCMD seriam utilizados para todos os contribuintes.
Abordagem sustentável nas entidades empresariais: um panorama sobre as produções acadêmicas no setor
Authors: Villalba Veronica Ahimaras , Strassburg Udo
Published: June 2023

A crescente desigualdade social, os problemas ambientais e as frequentes crises econômicas, têm feito com que a sociedade e principalmente as empresas, mudem seu comportamento e se conscientizem cada vez mais de seu papel em termos da sustentabilidade, tudo isso, sem deixar de lado seus interesses econômicos. Em virtude do crescente interesse acadêmico por essas questões, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão de literatura tendo como base o mapeamento científico, sobre a relação entre finanças corporativas e sustentabilidade. Para isso, foi realizado um levantamento da produção científica registrada na Web of Science e Scopus nas últimas duas décadas, posteriormente, com ferramentas bibliométricas foi exposta a estrutura atual do assunto. Foram identificadas duas correntes de pesquisas predominantes. A primeira é a de Responsabilidade Social Corporativa e a segunda os Relatórios de Sustentabilidade e desempenho Financeiro.