bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How do teachers support their students on the autism spectrum in Australian primary schools?
Authors: Clark Megan , Adams Dawn , Roberts Jacqueline , Westerveld Marleen
Published: July 2019

This study investigated the supports and modifications made available to students on the autism spectrum in Australian schools. Teachers rated the importance of several factors in determining the grades of their students and reported on the frequency of student engagement with a range of instructional materials. Eighty‐seven teachers identified the modifications, accommodations and additional assistance provide to primary school students on the autism spectrum. Teachers also compared the frequency of class engagement and methods of evaluating outcomes for students with and without autism. A range of modifications and adjustments were implemented to support students on the spectrum. There were no significant differences in the frequency of instructional material use of students on the autism spectrum compared to their classmates. However, teachers did report differences in their methods of determining the grades of their students with and without autism. This is an important first step in understanding the experiences of teachers who are educating students on the autism spectrum in Australian schools. The findings reveal that teachers are working to support the diverse learning needs of their students on the autism spectrum. Further investigation of the factors that are driving teachers’ use of school‐based supports is warranted.
Forkhead box O3 protects the heart against paraquat‐induced aging‐associated phenotypes by upregulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes
Authors: Chang Zao‐Shang , Xia Jing‐Bo , Wu Hai‐Yan , Peng Wen‐Tao , Jiang Fu‐Qing , Li Jing , Liang Chi‐Qian , Zhao Hui , Park Kyu‐Sang , Song Guo‐Hua , Kim Soo‐Ki , Huang Ruijin , Zheng Li , Cai Dong‐Qing , Qi Xu‐Feng
Published: July 2019

Paraquat (PQ) promotes cell senescence in brain tissue, which contributes to Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, PQ induces heart failure and oxidative damage, but it remains unknown whether and how PQ induces cardiac aging. Here, we demonstrate that PQ induces phenotypes associated with senescence of cardiomyocyte cell lines and results in cardiac aging‐associated phenotypes including cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in vivo. Moreover, PQ inhibits the activation of Forkhead box O3 (FoxO3), an important longevity factor, both in vitro and in vivo. We found that PQ‐induced senescence phenotypes, including proliferation inhibition, apoptosis, senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase activity, and p16INK4a expression, were significantly enhanced by FoxO3 deficiency in cardiomyocytes. Notably, PQ‐induced cardiac remolding, apoptosis, oxidative damage, and p16INK4a expression in hearts were exacerbated by FoxO3 deficiency. In addition, both in vitro deficiency and in vivo deficiency of FoxO3 greatly suppressed the activation of antioxidant enzymes including catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) in the presence of PQ, which was accompanied by attenuation in cardiac function. The direct in vivo binding of FoxO3 to the promoters of the Cat and Sod2 genes in the heart was verified by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Functionally, overexpression of Cat or Sod2 alleviated the PQ‐induced senescence phenotypes in FoxO3‐deficient cardiomyocyte cell lines. Overexpression of FoxO3 and CAT in hearts greatly suppressed the PQ‐induced heart injury and phenotypes associated with aging. Collectively, these results suggest that FoxO3 protects the heart against an aging‐associated decline in cardiac function in mice exposed to PQ, at least in part by upregulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes and suppressing oxidative stress.
Antipsychotic use and risk of life‐threatening medical events: umbrella review of observational studies
Authors: Papola D. , Ostuzzi G. , Gastaldon C. , Morgano G. P. , Dragioti E. , Carvalho A. F. , Fusar‐Poli P. , Correll C. U. , Solmi M. , Barbui C.
Published: July 2019

Objective

To quantify the risk of hip fracture, thromboembolism, stroke, myocardial infarction, pneumonia and sudden cardiac death associated with exposure to antipsychotics.

Methods

Systematic searches were conducted in Medline, Embase and PsycINFO from inception until 30/07/2018 for systematic reviews of observational studies. AMSTAR‐2 was used for the quality assessment of systematic reviews, while the strength of associations was measured using GRADE and quantitative umbrella review criteria (URC).

Results

Sixty‐eight observational studies from six systematic reviews were included. The association between antipsychotic exposure and pneumonia was the strongest [URC = class I; GRADE = low quality; odds ratio (OR) = 1.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.62–2.09; participants = 28 726; age = 76.2 ± 12.3 years], followed by the association with hip fracture (URC = class II; GRADE = low quality; OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.42–1.74; participants = 5 288 118; age = 55.4 ± 12.5 years), and thromboembolism (URC = class II; GRADE = very low quality; OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.31–1.83; participants = 31 417 175; age = 55.5 ± 3.2 years). The association was weak for stroke (URC = class III; GRADE = very low quality; OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.24–1.70; participants = 65 700; age = 68.7 ± 13.8 years), sudden cardiac death (URC = class III; GRADE = very low quality; OR = 2.24, 95% CI = 1.45–3.46; participants = 77 488; age = 52.2 ± 6.2 years) and myocardial infarction (URC = class III; GRADE = very low quality; OR = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.41–3.46; participants = 399 868; age = 74.1 ± 9.3 years).

Conclusion

The most robust results were found for the risk of pneumonia, followed by the risk of hip fracture and thromboembolism. For stroke, sudden cardiac death and myocardial infarction, the strength of association was weak. The observational nature of the primary studies may represent a source of bias.
Community structure of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in the coast of Southern Brazil
Authors: Santos Emili B , Favretto Mario A , Navarro‐Silva Mario A
Published: July 2019

Considering the importance of Culicidae species to public health, this study aimed to update and provide better understanding of the mosquito fauna in an Atlantic Forest preservation area in Paranaguá, Paraná State, Southern Brazil. This was achieved via a mosquito survey with a subsequent analysis of the impact of abiotic factors on the composition of the mosquito community. A total of 1641 culicid specimens of 42 species and 10 genera were identified. The most abundant taxa were Aedes serratus/nubilus, Psorophora ferox and Anopheles cruzii, the latter being the main vector of malaria in the Atlantic Forest. Culex abonnenci, a species that had not yet been recorded in Paraná State, was also identified. Rainfall and temperature were found to have a high influence on some species, such as Aedes hortator, Ps. ferox and An. cruzii. This study demonstrates that performing new studies in already researched regions is relevant, as new species may be recorded. In addition, analysing the effects of abiotic factors on mosquito species is important to understand how climate change influences the composition of species in certain areas and therefore impacts the dynamics of diseases propagated by insect vectors.
Assessment of haemorrhoidal artery network using Doppler‐guided haemorrhoidal artery ligation for haemorrhoids and pathogenesis implications
Authors: Trilling Bertrand , Mancini Adrian , Reche Fabian , Pflieger Hannah , Sage Pierre‐Yves , Faucheron Jean‐Luc
Published: July 2019

Background

Some authors, either with anatomical studies or Doppler laser flowmetric investigations have shown the blood flow to the posterior midline of the anus to be potentially deficient. This relative local ischaemia might explain pathogenesis of anal fissure, which is often located posteriorly. The aim of this study was to record the exact position of the distal branches of the superior rectal artery during Doppler‐guided haemorrhoidal artery ligation‐rectoanal repair (HAL‐RAR) procedures with special reference to posterior distribution of the arteries.

Methods

All consecutive patients with symptomatic haemorrhoids who were treated with the HAL‐RAR procedure between February 2008 and February 2014 in a single institution were included in the study. Number and position of Doppler‐guided ligations were prospectively collected. Pearson's chi‐squared test was used to compare artery locations.

Results

A total of 150 patients (75 women) with symptomatic haemorrhoids were included in the study. Median age was 53 years (range 23–83). A median of 10 ligations were placed per patient (range 3–18). A significantly lower number of cumulative arterial ligations was recorded in the posterior position (88 ligations overall, P = 0.025).

Conclusions

The number of distal branches of the superior rectal artery that have been localized by the Doppler‐guided HAL‐RAR technique is lower at the posterior midline than in the other segments of the lower rectum. This is another evidence of the vascular deficiency at the posterior pole of the anal canal that might explain the pathogenesis of the anal fissure.
Thirteen years of intravitreal anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy: the promises and burdens of a paradigm shift told from the perspective of the largest retina service in Norway.
Authors: Jørstad Øystein Kalsnes , Steffensen Leif Arthur , Eriksen Ketil , Bragadóttir Ragnheiður , Moe Morten Carstens
Published: July 2019

Purpose

To describe the first 13 years of anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (anti‐VEGF) therapy from the perspective of a public ophthalmic department serving a local community of almost one million people.

Methods

Retrospective registry study. Data from Oslo University Hospital, Norway were collected from 2006 through 2018. Hospital episode statistics were searched for episodes of care encompassing intravitreal anti‐VEGF procedures. Patient‐specific ID numbers, diagnoses, and drug codes were registered. In general, bevacizumab was used as first‐line treatment, with aflibercept reserved for resistant cases from 2013.

Results

The number of unique patients treated per year increased from 130 in 2006 to 3428 in 2018. In 2018, 2488 (73%) patients had also received treatment the previous year. The number of yearly injections increased from 228 in 2006 to 25 570 in 2018. In 2018 the diagnosis macular degeneration constituted 69% of injections, diabetic retinopathy constituted 15%, retinal vein occlusion constituted 13%, and other diagnoses constituted 3%. In the same year 49% of injections were with bevacizumab, 46% with aflibercept, 4% with ranibizumab, and 1% with dexamethasone implants. The bevacizumab to aflibercept ratio was almost 1:1 for macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy; for retinal vein occlusion the ratio was 13:7.

Conclusion

In 13 years there was an approximately 100‐fold increase in the number of yearly intravitreal injections. A majority of patients received long‐term treatment. Macular degeneration was the most common diagnosis. Using bevacizumab as first‐line treatment, with aflibercept reserved for resistant cases from 2013, eventually resulted in a nearly 1:1 ratio in drug usage.
Laparoscopic surgery for an esophageal duplication cyst using a near‐infrared indocyanine green fluorescence system: A case report
Authors: Mori Mikito , Shuto Kiyohiko , Hirano Atsushi , Kosugi Chihiro , Narushima Kazuo , Koda Keiji
Published: July 2019

We herein describe a case of laparoscopic surgery for an esophageal duplication cyst using a near‐infrared indocyanine green fluorescence system. A 64‐year‐old woman with a cystic tumor adjacent to the esophagogastric junction was referred to our hospital for treatment. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and abdominal CT revealed a 70‐mm submucosal tumor derived from the abdominal esophagus. We performed laparoscopic resection and then evaluated the tissue perfusion of the abdominal esophagus by using a near‐infrared indocyanine green fluorescence system. A Dor fundoplication was performed to prevent postoperative gastroesophageal reflux disease and reinforce the mucosal layer defect. The postoperative course was uneventful, and pathological evaluation confirmed that the tumor was an esophageal duplication cyst. The patient did not develop recurrence in the 24 months after surgery. We have demonstrated that laparoscopic resection of an esophageal duplication cyst may be performed effectively with intraoperative assessment of tissue perfusion using a near‐infrared indocyanine green fluorescence system.
Blurring the germline: Genome editing and transgenerational epigenetic inheritance
Authors: Lewens Tim
Published: July 2019

Sperm, eggs and embryos are made up of more than genes, and there are indications that changes to non‐genetic structures in these elements of the germline can also be inherited. It is, therefore, a mistake to treat phrases like ‘germline inheritance’ and ‘genetic inheritance’ as simple synonyms, and bioethical discussion should expand its focus beyond alterations to the genome when considering the ethics of germline modification. Moreover, additional research on non‐genetic inheritance draws attention to a variety of means whereby differences can be inherited in offspring generations that do not rely on differences in germline structures. Research on these diverse forms of inheritance challenges the notion that there is some special form of ethical concern that falls on germline interventions in general, and on interventions to the nuclear genome within the germline in particular.
End‐of‐life decision‐making and advance care directives in Italy. A report and moral appraisal of recent legal provisions
Authors: Botti Caterina , Vaccari Alessio
Published: July 2019

The present article reviews the state of public debate and legal provisions concerning end‐of‐life decision‐making in Italy and offers an evaluation of the moral and legal issues involved. The article further examines the content of a recent law concerning informed consent and advance treatment directives, the main court pronouncements that formed the basis for the law, and developments in the public debate and important jurisprudential acts subsequent to its approval. The moral and legal grounds for a positive evaluation of this law, which attests that the patient may withhold or withdraw from life‐prolonging treatment, will be offered with reference to liberal approaches and particularly to the frameworks of care and virtue ethics; but reasons will also be offered in order to consider not only the latter but also broader range of end‐of‐life treatment decisions as morally apt options. In this light, we argue in favour of a further development of the Italian legislation to encompass forms of assisted suicide and active euthanasia.
Teachers, not parents, are able to predict time processing skills in preschoolers
Authors: Tobia Valentina , Bonifacci Paola , Bernabini Luca , Marzocchi Gian Marco
Published: July 2019

Time processing difficulties are associated with developmental disorders. Questionnaires for assessing children's sense of time are available from primary school, but we lack valid proxy‐report tools for younger children, who are not able to complete self‐reports. This study aimed to assess the criterion validity of a questionnaire investigating preschoolers’ sense of time from the points of view of their parents and teachers. One hundred seventy preschoolers were included in the sample. Their parents and teachers completed the Sense of Time Questionnaire, and the children were administered time reproduction and time discrimination tasks, both concurrently and 7 months later. The assessment of preschoolers’ sense of time reported by teachers, but not by parents, predicted the children's time processing skills both concurrently and longitudinally. The teacher version of the Sense of Time Questionnaire constitutes a valid instrument for assessing and predicting preschoolers’ time processing skills and can be used for clinical and research purposes

Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Time processing difficulties are associated with developmental disorders such as ADHD and dyscalculia.

Early assessment of time processing skills is important for clinical (e.g., screening) and research purposes.

We do not have valid questionnaires for assessing sense of time in young children.

What the present study adds?

The sense of time ability reported by teachers predicts preschoolers’ time processing skills.

The sense of time ability reported by parents does not predicts preschoolers’ time processing skills.

The Sense of Time Questionnaire is a valid instrument for investigating time processing skills of 4–6 aged children.
Inflatable penile prosthesis implantation into scarred corporal bodies: timing may decrease postoperative problems
Authors: Hebert Kristi L. , Yafi Faysal A. , Wilson Steve
Published: July 2019

Objectives

To compare the rates of intra‐ and postoperative complications between early (<4 months) or delayed (>4 months) inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) re‐implantation performed after a fibrosis‐inducing event.

Patients and Methods

Cases of IPP re‐implantation were performed by a single, high‐volume prosthetic surgeon in hospitals domestically and abroad over a 15‐year period (2001–2016). The time interval from the precipitating event to operation, intra‐operative complications and postoperative complications for up to 1 year after implantation, were recorded.

Results

A total of 72 cases of IPP re‐implantation were recorded. There were 16 (53%) intraoperative complications in patients who had surgery at <4 months (Group 1) and 23 (55%) in patients operated at >4 months (Group 2). There were four (13%) postoperative complications in Group 1 and 14 (33%) in Group 2.

Conclusion

Re‐implantation of an IPP into fibrotic corporal bodies is associated with less serious postoperative complications when performed within 4 months of the fibrosis‐inducing event.
Tectonostratigraphic framework and depositional history of the deepwater Ulleung Basin, East Sea/Sea of Japan
Authors: Kim Kyoung‐Jin , Yoo Dong‐Geun , Kang Nyeon‐Keon , Yi Bo‐Yeon
Published: July 2019

The Ulleung Basin, East Sea/Japan Sea, is a Neogene back‐arc basin and occupies a tectonically crucial zone under the influence of relative motions between Eurasian, Pacific and Philippine Sea plates. However, the link between tectonics and sedimentation remains poorly understood in the back‐arc Ulleung Basin, as it does in many other back‐arc basins as well, because of a paucity of seismic data and controversy over the tectonic history of the basin. This paper presents an integrated tectonostratigraphic and sedimentary evolution in the deepwater Ulleung Basin using 2D multichannel seismic reflection data. The sedimentary succession within the deepwater Ulleung Basin is divided into four second‐order seismic megasequences (MS1 to MS4). Detailed seismic stratigraphy interpretation of the four megasequences suggests the depositional history of the deepwater Ulleung Basin occurred in four stages, controlled by tectonic movement, volcanism, and sea‐level fluctuations. In Stage 1 (late Oligocene through early Miocene), syn‐rift sediment supplied to the basin was restricted to the southern base‐of‐slope, whereas the northern distal part of the basin was dominated by volcanic sills and lava flows derived from initial rifting‐related volcanism. In Stage 2 (late early Miocene through middle Miocene), volcanic extrusion occurred through post‐rift, chain volcanism in the earliest time, followed by hemipelagic and turbidite sedimentation in a quiescent open marine setting. In Stage 3 (late middle Miocene through late Miocene), compressional activity was predominant throughout the Ulleung Basin, resulting in regional uplift and sub‐aerial erosion/denudation of the southern shelf of the basin, which provided enormous volumes of sediment into the basin through mass transport processes. In Stage 4 (early Pliocene through present), although the degree of tectonic stress decreased significantly, mass movement was still generated by sea‐level fluctuations as well as compressional tectonic movement, resulting in stacked mass transport deposits along the southern basin margin. We propose a new depositional history model for the deepwater Ulleung Basin and provide a window into understanding how tectonic, volcanic and eustatic interactions control sedimentation in back‐arc basins.
A comprehensive approach uncovers hidden diversity in freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) with the description of a novel species
Authors: Inoue Kentaro , Harris John L. , Robertson Clinton R. , Johnson Nathan A. , Randklev Charles R.
Published: July 2019

Major geological processes have shaped biogeographical patterns of riverine biota. The Edwards Plateau of central Texas, USA, exhibits unique aquatic communities and endemism, including several species of freshwater mussels. Lampsilis bracteata (Gould, 1855) is endemic to the Edwards Plateau region; however, its phylogenetic relationship with other species in the Gulf coastal rivers and Mississippi River basin is unknown. We evaluated phylogenetic relationships, shell morphologies and soft anatomy characters of L. bracteata and a closely related congener, Lampsilis hydiana (Lea, 1838) throughout their ranges. Our results showed the presence of an undescribed species: Lampsilis bergmanni sp.n. Lampsilis bracteata and L. bergmanni sp.n. share similar shell morphologies and soft anatomy characters; however, they are genetically distinct. Geological processes, such as faulting and sea‐level changes during the Miocene to Pliocene, are likely to have facilitated diversification of Lampsilis species, resulting in isolation of L. bracteata on the Edwards Plateau and diversification between L. bergmanni sp.n. and L. hydiana. We conclude that L. bracteata range is restricted to the Colorado River basin, whereas L. bergmanni sp.n. occurs only in upstream reaches of the Guadalupe River basin. Conservation actions are warranted for both species due to their restricted distributions and potential anthropogenic threats.
Relative costs of conserving threatened species across taxonomic groups
Authors: Gordon Elizabeth Robson , Butt Nathalie , Rosner‐Katz Hanna , Binley Allison D. , Bennett Joseph R.
Published: July 2019

Bias toward legally protecting and prioritizing charismatic taxonomic groups, such as mammals and birds, and against others, such as insects and plants, is well documented. However, the relative costs of conserving various taxonomic groups and the potential of these costs to interact with existing biases have been much less explored. We analyzed conservation programs across more than 2,000 species in 3 countries to investigate the costs of conserving species within taxonomic groups and how these costs might affect conservation planning. For each data set, we tested for differences in mean annual cost among taxonomic groups. For the data set from the United States, recovery plans differed in duration, so we also tested for differences in total costs among taxonomic groups. Although the costs for individual species varied widely, there were strong international consistencies. For example, mammals cost 8–26 times more on average to conserve than plants and 13–19 times more to conserve than aquatic invertebrates. On average, bird species cost 5–30 times more to conserve than plants and 6–14 times more to conserve than aquatic invertebrates. These cost differences could exacerbate unequal resource allocation among taxonomic groups such that more charismatic groups both receive more attention and require more resources, leading to neglect of other taxonomic groups.
Overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase‐9 in breast cancer cell lines remarkably increases the cell malignancy largely via activation of transforming growth factor beta/SMAD signalling
Authors: Dong Haodi , Diao Hongxiu , Zhao Ying , Xu Huihao , Pei Shimin , Gao Jiafeng , Wang Jie , Hussain Tariq , Zhao Deming , Zhou Xiangmei , Lin Degui
Published: July 2019

Objectives

Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP‐9) has been frequently noticed in the breast cancers. In this study, we aim to investigate the associations of MMP‐9 with the activation of transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β)/SMAD signalling and the malignancy of breast malignant tumour cells.

Materials and methods

The distributions of MMP‐9 and TGF‐β in the tissues of canine breast cancers were screened by immunohistochemical assays. A recombinant plasmid expressing mouse MMP‐9 was generated and transiently transfected into three different breast cancer cell lines. Cell Counting Kit‐8 and colony formation assay were used to study cell viability. Migration and invasion ability were analysed by wound assay and transwell filters. Western blot and quantitative real‐time PCR were used to determine the protein and mRNA expression.

Result

Remarkable strong MMP‐9 and TGF‐β signals were observed in the malignant tissues of canine breast cancers. In the cultured three cell lines receiving recombinant plasmid expressing mouse MMP‐9, the cell malignancy was markedly increased, including the cell colony formation, migration and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition. The levels of activated TGF‐β, as well as SMAD4, SMAD2/3 and phosphorylation of SMAD2, were increased, reflecting an activation of TGF‐β/SMAD signalling. We also demonstrated that the inhibitors specific for MMP‐9 and TGF‐β sufficiently blocked the overexpressing MMP‐9 induced the activation of SMAD signalling and enhancement on invasion in the tested breast cancer cell lines.

Conclusion

Overexpression of MMP‐9 increases the malignancy of breast cancer cell lines, largely via activation of the TGF‐β/SMAD signalling.
Aurora B prevents aneuploidy via MAD2 during the first mitotic cleavage in oxidatively damaged embryos
Authors: Li Jiena , Ha Siyao , Li Zhiling , Huang Yue , Lin En , Xiao Wanfen
Published: July 2019

Objectives

A high rate of chromosome aneuploidy is exhibited in in vitro fertilization (IVF)‐derived embryos. Our previous experiments suggested that reactive oxygen species (ROS) can activate Mad2, a key protein in the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), and delay the first mitotic, providing time to prevent the formation of embryonic aneuploidy. We aimed to determine whether mitotic kinase Aurora B was involved in the SAC function to prevent aneuploidy in IVF‐derived embryos.

Materials and Methods

We analysed aneuploidy formation and repair during embryo pre‐implantation via 4ʹ,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI) staining and karyotype analysis. We assessed Aurora B activation by immunofluorescence and investigated the effect of Aurora B inhibition on embryo injury‐related variables, such as embryonic development, ROS levels, mitochondrial membrane potential and γH2AX‐positive expression.

Results

We observed the expression and phosphorylation of Thr232 in Aurora B in oxidative stress‐induced zygotes. Moreover, inhibition of Aurora B caused chromosome mis‐segregation, abnormal spindle structures, abnormal chromosome number and reduced expression of Mad2 in IVF embryos. Our results suggest that Aurora B causes mitotic arrest and participates in SAC via Mad2 and H3S10P, which is required for self‐correction of aneuploidies.

Conclusions

We demonstrate here that oxidative stress–induced DNA damage triggers Aurora B‐mediated activation of SAC, which prevents aneuploidy at the first mitotic cleavage in early mouse IVF embryos.
Long‐term effects of energy development on winter distribution and residency of pronghorn in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
Authors: Sawyer Hall , Beckmann Jon P. , Seidler Renee G. , Berger Joel
Published: July 2019

An increasing global demand for energy assures continued disturbance to previously undeveloped landscapes, but understanding broader impacts to wildlife remains elusive. Among groups of species most vulnerable to habitat disruption are those requiring large tracts of land. Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) are an obligate to the open plains and basins that, similar to other transcontinental large herbivores, rely primarily on habitats where development of energy resources such as oil, natural gas, coal, wind, and solar are intensifying. To understand behavioral response to a burgeoning energy development project, we evaluated avoidance, displacement, and winter residency patterns of pronghorn in the southern Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem across a 15‐year period using 171 collared individuals. Distance from natural gas well pads increased through time and was concurrent with declines in winter residency. Between 2005 and 2017, we found that (a) pronghorn avoidance of well pads likely increased by 408 m, (b) the overall displacement of pronghorn relative to well pads in the final year of study increased by 800 m, (c) the time pronghorn spent in the study area was reduced by 22% (nearly 1 month), and (d) the percentage of pronghorn leaving the study area increased by 57%. Such directional changes signal a strong behavioral response of an open‐plain obligate to energy infrastructure, and together, these metrics indicate that pronghorn response to energy development involves both avoidance of infrastructure and partial abandonment of their traditional winter ranges. While comparable long‐term data sets are generally unavailable for other functionally equivalent ungulate groups in similar ecological topographies of Asia, Africa, and South America, our study may serve as a reasonable surrogate and highlights that behavioral changes elicited from energy development which at first appear subtle can proliferate and may portend demographic consequences.
Effect of Acid‐Suppressive Strategies on Pazopanib Efficacy in Patients With Soft‐Tissue Sarcoma
Authors: Pisano Sorana G. , Hoffman Sarah E. , Legasto Carlo S. , McLaughlin Eric M. , Porter Kyle , Chen James L.
Published: July 2019

Pazopanib (PAZ), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma (STS), should not be administered with acid‐suppressive medications (ASMs) due to decreased drug solubility. Common practice for patients requiring ASM with PAZ is to separate administration by 12 hours; however, there is little real‐world evidence describing clinical outcomes using this strategy. The aim of this study was to determine whether concomitant ASM impacted efficacy and adverse event rates in patients with STS receiving PAZ. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for patients with STS who received PAZ from June 2011 to July 2017. Patients were stratified into two groups, PAZ with or without ASM (PAZ + ASM or PAZ only). The primary objective was to determine whether progression‐free survival (PFS) differed between groups. Secondary objectives were to determine overall survival (OS) and occurrence of grade 3/4 toxicities. Ninety‐one patients were included in the study, 42 patients in the PAZ + ASM group and 49 in the PAZ only group. Median PFS was significantly shorter in the PAZ + ASM group than the PAZ only group (5.3 vs. 6.7 months). The PAZ + ASM group also had a 74% higher relative risk of progression or death than the PAZ only group, but there was no difference in OS. Regarding adverse events, the PAZ + ASM group trended toward lower levels of grade 3/4 hypertension (19% vs. 37%). These results suggest that ASM should be avoided in patients with STS receiving PAZ. Larger studies are needed to further elucidate the impact of ASM use with PAZ in clinical practice.
Switching to insulin glargine 300 units/mL in real‐world older patients with type 2 diabetes (DELIVER 3)
Authors: Bailey Timothy S. , Wu Jasmanda , Zhou Fang L. , Gupta Rishab A. , Menon Arjun A. , Berhanu Paulos , Westerbacka Jukka , Van Vleet John , Blonde Lawrence
Published: July 2019

Aim

To compare the second‐generation basal insulin glargine 300 units/mL (Gla‐300) and first‐generation basal insulins on glycaemic control and hypoglycaemia risk in older adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Materials and methods

DELIVER 3 was a retrospective observational cohort study of electronic medical records. A total of 1176 older adults (aged ≥ 65 years) with T2D and ≥1 HbA1c value during 6 month baseline and 3 to 6 month follow‐up who switched from basal insulin to Gla‐300 were propensity score‐matched to 1176 older adults who switched to a first‐generation basal insulin [insulin detemir (IDet) or insulin glargine 100 units/mL (Gla‐100)]. Outcomes were follow‐up HbA1c, achievement of HbA1c <7% and <8%, hypoglycaemia incidence and event rates, and healthcare resource utilization.

Results

Following basal insulin switching, HbA1c reductions were greater/similar with Gla‐300 versus IDet/Gla‐100 (variable follow‐up: −0.45% ± 1.40% vs. −0.29% ± 1.57%; P = .021; fixed follow‐up: −0.48% ± 1.49% vs. −0.38% ± 1.59%; P = .114), while HbA1c goal attainment was similar in both cohorts. Gla‐300 was associated with less hypoglycaemia [event rate: adjusted rate ratio (aRR): 0.63, 95% CI: 0.53‐0.75; P < .001] and inpatient/emergency department‐associated hypoglycaemia (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.37‐0.90; P = .016; aRR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.31‐0.60; P < .001) by variable follow‐up. By fixed follow‐up, hypoglycaemia results significantly or numerically favoured Gla‐300.

Conclusion

Among older adults with T2D, switching to Gla‐300 versus Gla‐100/IDet was associated with greater/similar improvements in glycaemic control, and generally less hypoglycaemia.
Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and risk of genital mycotic and urinary tract infection: A population‐based study of older women and men with diabetes
Authors: Lega Iliana C. , Bronskill Susan E. , Campitelli Michael A. , Guan Jun , Stall Nathan M. , Lam Kenneth , McCarthy Lisa M. , Gruneir Andrea , Rochon Paula A.
Published: July 2019

Aims

The objective of the study was to quantify the association between SGLT2 inhibitors and genital mycotic infection and between SGLT2 inhibitors and urinary tract infection (UTI) within 30 days of drug initiation among older women and men.

Materials and methods

This was a retrospective cohort study using linked administrative databases of women and men with diabetes, aged 66 years or older, in Ontario, Canada. We compared the incidence of genital mycotic infection or UTI within 30 days between new users of an SGLT2 inhibitor and of a dipeptidyl‐peptidase‐4 (DPP4) inhibitor.

Results

We identified 21 444 incident users of SGLT2 inhibitor and 22 463 incident users of DPP4 inhibitor. Among SGLT2 inhibitor users, there were 8848 (41%) women and the mean age at index was 71.8 ± 5 (SD) years. After adjusting for propensity score, age, sex and recent UTI, there was a 2.47‐fold increased risk of genital mycotic infection with incident use of SGLT2 inhibitors (adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 2.47; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.08‐2.92; P < 0.001) within 30 days compared to incident use of DPP4 inhibitors. For UTI, the adjusted HR was 0.89 (95% CI, 0.78‐1.00; P = 0.05).

Conclusions

Incident use of SGLT2 inhibitors among older women and men is associated with increased risk of genital mycotic infections within 30 days; there is no associated increased risk of UTI. These findings from a real‐world setting provide evidence of the potential harms of SGLT2 inhibitors.
A two‐step ovariohysterectomy with unilateral left flank laparoscopic assistance in a Quarter Horse mare
Authors: Kadic D. T. N. , Bonilla A. G.
Published: July 2019

This case report describes the technique and outcome of a two‐step laparoscopic‐assisted ovariohysterectomy in a Quarter Horse mare performed through the left paralumbar fossa for the treatment of chronic pyometra. Ovariohysterectomy is a procedure uncommonly performed in the horse. It is surgically demanding, invasive and can be associated with significant complications when a ventral midline approach is performed. Laparoscopic‐assisted techniques reduce the invasiveness and some of the complications associated with ovariohysterectomy through ventral midline alone. The described modification further reduces the invasiveness of laparoscopic‐assisted ovariohysterectomy and has the potential to reduce the overall surgical time of the procedure. Further work is needed to determine if the technique could be extrapolated to large‐sized mares.
Sarcocystis myositis and vitamin E deficiency in a Gypsy Vanner stallion suspected of having equine motor neuron disease
Authors: Trimble A. C. , Delph K. M. , Perry E. R. , Valberg S. J.
Published: July 2019

A 3‐year‐old Gypsy Vanner stallion was presented for evaluation of intermittent recumbency, muscle fasciculations, weakness, low head carriage, shifting of weight between the hindlimbs and an elevated tail head. History, physical examination and serum alpha tocopherol concentrations were suggestive of vitamin E deficiency and equine motor neuron disease (EMND). Sacrocaudalis dorsalis medialis muscle biopsy identified myositis secondary to sarcocystosis. Treatment with alpha tocopherol, ponazuril and sulfadiazine/pyrimethamine resulted in significant improvement in muscle weakness and body condition with resolution of sarcocystosis and inflammation on repeat muscle biopsy. This case illustrates the importance of muscle biopsy in horses with neuromuscular disease as concurrent diseases may be present that require specific treatment for a positive outcome.
A novel technique to diagnose non‐melanoma skin cancer by thermal conductivity measurements: Correlations with cancer stromal factors
Authors: Fujimura Taku , Okabe Takahiro , Tanita Kayo , Sato Yota , Lyu Chunbing , Kambayashi Yumi , Maruyama Shigenao , Aiba Setsuya
Published: July 2019

The skin surface temperature reflects the physiological state of the human body. Quantitative methods of identification of skin cancers based on accurate measurement of effective thermal conductivity (ETC) are among the promising diagnostic tools for differentiating non‐invasive and invasive melanomas before surgical treatment. To validate these findings, in this report, the diagnostic methods for invasive and non‐invasive extramammary Paget’s disease (EMPD) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were further tested by measuring the absolute value of skin surface temperature and the ETC of the skin. In addition, to investigate the stromal factors that might affect ETC, immunohistochemical staining for LL37, periostin (POSTN), MMP12, and MMP28 was performed. The invasive SCC and EMPD group showed a relatively higher skin surface temperature compared to the in situ SCC group. The non‐invasive EMPD and SCC group showed significantly lower values of ETC at lesions, whereas the invasive EMPD group showed significantly higher ETC values at lesions compared to healthy skin. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the percentage of LL37‐producing cells was significantly increased in invasive EMPD and SCC compared to that in non‐invasive EMPD and SCC. Moreover, Spearman's rank correlation test showed a significant inverse correlation between the percentage of MMP12‐positive cells and increased levels of ETC‐expressing areas in EMPD and SCC (r = −.5997). The present study suggested that differences in ETC could be a novel high‐accuracy diagnostic technique for non‐melanoma skin cancer, especially for detecting dermal invasion of SCC and EMPD.
Exploration of a Marital Typology: Implications for Marital Functioning in a Multi‐Ethnic Sample
Authors: Lindahl Kristin M. , Malik Neena M. , Wigderson Sara
Published: July 2019

Marital conflict is associated with multiple negative outcomes for couples, including marital dissatisfaction and divorce. Little research, however, has examined conflict in Hispanic/Latino couples or its association with marital satisfaction, which creates an unfortunate knowledge gap for clinicians working with diverse client groups. The present study sought to examine both marital conflict and satisfaction using a sample of 231 European American (EA; n = 108) and Hispanic/Latino (H/L; n = 123) couples. Through observational coding, couples were placed into four groups based on their type of conflict management strategies: Harmonious, Withdrawn, Conflictual‐Expressive, or Conflictual‐Hostile. For both ethnic groups, couples in the Harmonious group were nondistressed and couples in the Conflictual‐Hostile group were in the distressed range of marital satisfaction. Cross‐ethnic differences emerged. EA couples experienced distress when both hostile (Conflictual‐Hostile) and nonhostile conflict (Conflictual‐Expressive) communication types were observed, while only hostile conflict was associated with distress for the H/L group. H/L couples reported similar levels of satisfaction in both the Harmonious and Conflictual‐Expressive groups. H/L couples also fell within the distressed range when withdrawn communication patterns were observed; however, this was not the case for EA couples. These differences suggest that both types of conflict are associated with marital distress for EA couples, whereas hostile conflict and withdrawn behavior appear to be more negatively associated with marital satisfaction in H/L couples. Results provide support for the use of an observational coding system with H/L and EA couples and also suggest the importance of understanding how differences in expressions of conflict across ethnicities may relate to marital satisfaction.
Extrusion/intrusion structure as a fatigue indicator for uniaxial and multiaxial loading
Authors: Pejkowski Łukasz , Karuskevich Mikhail , Maslak Tetiana
Published: July 2019

The paper describes the experiments aimed at the extension of the method early proposed for the uniaxial fatigue monitoring to the multiaxial modes of loading. The common denominator for both methods approach is based on the possibility of computer‐aided optical analysis of extrusion/intrusion structure, called often surface deformation relief, to be used for quantitative assessment of accumulated fatigue damage and remaining life. Experimental data obtained under the different modes of loading are presented and described as well as some objectives for the future activities are outlined.
Did the German Minimum Wage Reform Influence (Un)employment Growth in 2015? Evidence from Regional Data
Authors: Garloff Alfred
Published: July 2019

Using the variation across space, age and sex and the variation across space and sectors, we analyse the relationship between the minimum wage and (un)employment growth in 2015. We use difference-in-differences specifications and instrument the bite of the minimum wage by the lagged bite. The results provide stable evidence that a higher minimum wage bite is related to a higher growth rate of regular employment. We also find stable evidence that a higher minimum wage bite is related to a lower growth rate of marginal employment. These results are consistent with a transformation of marginal to regular jobs. The relationship to total employment is slightly positive in our preferred specification but insignificant or negative in others. For unemployment, we find a positive relationship between the bite of the minimum wage and unemployment growth in our preferred specification but insignificant or negative results in others.
H2O Content Measurement in Phengite by Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry: A New Set of Reference Materials
Authors: Luisier Cindy , Baumgartner Lukas , Siron Guillaume , Vennemann Torsten , Robyr Martin
Published: July 2019

Five new natural white mica reference materials (RMs) were developed for in situ H2O content analyses by secondary ion mass spectrometry at the SwissSIMS laboratory of Lausanne University, Switzerland. The white mica reference materials cover a large part of the natural muscovite–phengite compositional range and are therefore suitable as reference materials for the analysis of natural rocks as well as individual minerals. The independent H2O content of the reference materials UNIL_WM1 to UNIL_WM5 was obtained by thermal conversion elemental analyser and corresponds to 4.35 ± 0.02, 4.33 ± 0.03, 4.30 ± 0.07, 4.50 ± 0.02 and 4.42 ± 0.11 (% m/m, ± 1s), respectively. SIMS determinations of H2O content revealed a matrix effect correlated to the FeO content of white mica. The compositional range in FeO of the reference materials that were calibrated for H2O determination is from 1.13% to 3.67% m/m. No crystallographic orientation dependency was observed at the level of homogeneity of these reference materials. An analytical precision of 0.02% to 0.08% m/m (1SE) is expected for the final uncertainty on measurements of unknown white micas in natural samples.
Impact of the Survey of Inhibitors in Plasma‐Product Exposed Toddlers (SIPPET) study and its post hoc analyses on clinical practice in the United States: A survey of Haemophilia and Thrombosis Research Society members
Authors: Sande Christopher M. , Al‐Huniti Ahmad , Ten Eyck Patrick , Sharathkumar Anjali A.
Published: July 2019

Introduction

A recent randomized trial, the Survey of Inhibitors in Plasma‐Product Exposed Toddlers (SIPPET), confirmed that exposure to recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) products doubled the risk of inhibitor development compared to plasma‐derived FVIII (pdFVIII) in previously untreated (or minimally treated) patients (PUPs) with severe haemophilia A. SIPPET post hoc analyses showed that early exposure to rFVIII was more immunogenic and that rFVIII could harm low‐risk PUPs with non‐null mutations. Clinical implications of SIPPET findings for the haemophilia community were unclear.

Aim

Study the impact of the SIPPET study and its post hoc analyses on clinical practice for PUPs with severe haemophilia A in the United States.

Methods

Members of the North American Hemophilia and Thrombosis Research Society (HTRS) completed two online questionnaires related to SIPPET publications and PUP management (study period: 12/2016‐8/2018).

Results

Over 50% participated the study. Sixty per cent expressed methodological concerns about the SIPPET study, yet 55% shared the study with new families. During the study period, rFVIII selection fell from 43/61 (70%) to 15/54 (28%) while use of pdFVIII and shared decision‐making increased from 5/61 (8%) to 9/54 (17%) and from 4/61 (7%) to 10/54 (19%), respectively. Based on post hoc analyses, 44/54 (82%) would change their clinical practice with 31/44 (70%) using pdFVIII for PUPs. Barriers to translation of SIPPET analyses included study design concerns, non‐inclusion of novel therapies, inability to perform genetic testing at diagnosis and risk of plasma‐derived infections.

Conclusion

Despite the methodological concerns about the SIPPET study, this Grade I evidence appears to have influenced the clinical practice of haemophilia providers in the United States.
Probiotication of cooked sausages employing agroindustrial coproducts as prebiotic co‐encapsulant in ionotropic alginate–pectin gels
Authors: Barragán‐Martínez Luis P. , Totosaus Alfonso , de Lourdes Pérez-Chabela María
Published: July 2019

Cooked sausages were formulated inoculating alginate–pectin microcapsules containing agroindustrial coproducts, cactus pear peel flour or apple marc flour, seeking to enhance the nutritional value of cooked meat products. The microcapsules increased total moisture (from 66 to 75% in average), but water was not being physically retained since higher expressible moisture values in inoculated samples were observed (20% as compared to 15% in control). Inoculated samples presented higher lactic acid bacteria populations, since in addition to the thermotolerant capacity of the bacteria, encapsulation added a protective barrier for the bacteria to survive. Higher lactic acid bacteria counts were reflected in fewer coliforms in inoculated samples (<0.001 log CFU after 15 days of storage), with no detrimental effect on texture. Natural antioxidants present in agroindustrial coproducts decreased the oxidative rancidity of lipids for storage. The results imply that agroindustrial coproducts are a good alternative to formulate symbiotic functional ingredients that can be employed to improve the nutritional properties of nondairy thermal processed food products, like cooked emulsified meat products.