bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
José María Eguren y la búsqueda de la propia esencia: un poeta más allá del modernismo y del postmodernismo
Authors: Segura Zariquiegui Ainhoa
Published: November 2020

Muchos de los genios, tanto de la literatura como de cualquier otra área artística, son difíciles de clasificar. Eso es debido a que su expresión creativa es demasiado novedosa y los cánones establecidos no encuentran un lugar para ella. José María Eguren dejó perplejos a los críticos de su época. La poesía egureniana se encontraba más allá del Modernismo e incluso del Posmodernismo porque era una poesía que expresaba la esencia íntima del autor. En este artículo se va a examinar esta cuestión. A través de este análisis de varios de sus poemas se podrán observar las características estilísticas que hacen de Eguren un autor inclasisificable y único.

Many of genial artists, in literature and other artistics areas, are difficult to classify because the creative expression is too new. Jose María Eguren suprised the critics; they did not know where framing his poetry. The Eguren poetry was beyond Modernism and Postmodernism. The Eguren poetry was a poetry that expresed the essence of the autor. This article is going to discuss this issue. Througt the analysis of several poems, we can observe the stylistic features that make this poet as a unique autor.
Las Geórgicas como fuente indirecta en la Austriaca siue Naumachia de Francisco de Pedrosa
Authors: Jiménez del Castillo Juan Carlos
Published: November 2020

En 1580, un preceptor de Gramática madrileño, Francisco de Pedrosa, terminó de componer un poema épico lepantino en Guatemala: la inédita Austriaca siue Naumachia . Analizamos una escena de vaticinio protagonizada por Proteo tributaria del libro IV de las Geórgicas .Demostramos no solo que Pedrosa se inspiró en estos versos virgilianos, sino también que lo hizo influenciado por una de las fuentes contemporáneas más relevantes de la poesía lepantina: un libro de poemas recopilados por Pietro Gherardi, titulado In foedus et uictoriam contra Turcas iuxta sinum Corinthiacum Non. Octob. MDLXXI partam poemata uaria (Venecia, 1572).

In 1580, Francisco de Pedrosa, a Latin Grammar preceptor born in Madrid, finished a Lepantine epic in Guatemala: the unpublished Austriaca siue Naumachia . We analize a Protheus’ prophecy scene based on Georgics book IV. We demonstrate that Pedrosa was inspired by this Vergilian episode and that this influence was driven by one of the main contemporary sources about Lepantine poetry: a book of poems collected by Pietro Gherardi, entitled In foedus et uictoriam contra Turcas iuxta sinum Corinthiacum Non.Octob. MDLXXI partam poemata uaria (Venice, 1572).
Los Aphthonii Sophistae Progymnasmata de Bartolomé Alcázar: un manual de iniciación retórica del XVII
Authors: Cuyás de Torres María Elisa
Published: November 2020

En 1688 el jesuita Bartolomé Alcázar editó por tercera vez sus Aphthonii Progymnasmata.Es te trabajo estudia el contenido, estructura y organización interna de su manual, comparando algunos de sus ejercicios con los de versiones anteriores, para comprobar si se trata de una traducción propia de la obra de Aftonio o una fusión de las de otros y determinar qué aporta al campo de la Retórica y de la Didáctica. Se han obtenido estos resultados: no es una traducción directa de Aftonio, sino la fusión de tres versiones humanísticas con comentarios, la de R. Lorich, B. Bravo y F. Pomey, cuyos contenidos esenciales Alcázar sintetiza y entremezcla, añadiendo algunos propios. No hay en ellos ningún precepto retórico nuevo, sino que su autor se ha centrado en realizar un manual práctico y asequible para losaspirantes de los estudios de Retórica que les facilite los conocimientos retóricos básicos para acceder a ellos sin problemas. Su aportación es puramente didáctica. Consigue un manual muy breve, y, sin embargo, claro y completo.

In 1688 the Jesuit Bartolomé Alcázar published his Aphthonii Progymnasmata for the third time. This work studies the content, structure and internal organisation of his manual, comparing some of his exercises with those of previous versions, in order to (a) check whether it is his own translation of Aphtonius’ work or a fusion of those of others, and (b) to determine the contribution of this work to the field of Rhetoric and Didactics. The results of this paper can be summarised as follows: it is not a direct translation of Aphtonius, but the fusion of  three humanistic versions with commentaries, that of R. Lorich, B. Bravo and F. Pomey, whose essential contents Alcázar synthesises and intermingles, adding some of his own; there is no new rhetorical precept in them, but their author has focused on making a practical and accessible manual for aspirants to the studies of Rhetoric that will facilitate the basic rhetorical knowledge; his contribution is purely didactic. He manages to write a very brief, yet clear and complete manual.
Predicting intention to adopt mobile card payment service
Authors: Kim Hyo-Jung , Lee Jin-Myong
Published: November 2020

The use of mobile payment services has recently increased in South Korea. Mobile payments allow consumers to purchase items digitally, using a mobile card in an app affiliated with a payment service. This study explores the predictors of intention to adopt mobile payment services. The study employed an A(affective)-B(behavioral)-C(cognitive) model with two antecedent variables: cognitive (perceived usefulness, perceived risk, perceived ease of use, and perceived herding behavior) and affective (satisfaction with the status quo, innovation resistance) responses. An online survey of 405 non-users of mobile payment services aged 20 to 49 years was conducted. The study used SPSS 23.0 for descriptive analysis and Amos 23.0 for confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling. The results are as follows. First, perceived usefulness, perceived risk, and perceived herding behavior significantly influenced innovation resistance. Second, perceived herding behavior significantly influenced subjective norms. Third, innovation resistance and subjective norms significantly influenced the intention to adopt mobile payment services. The findings suggest that the A-B-C model can be useful in understanding consumers’ adoption and resistance behaviors and that cognitive and affective responses are important antecedent variables affecting the decision to adopt mobile payment services.
THE RIGHT TOOLS FOR THE JOB: THE RIGHT JOB FOR OUR TOOLS
Authors: Poovey Mary
Published: November 2020

This article ponders the questions of why so many literary scholars want to bring literary and economic issues together now, and why it seems so difficult to establish a genuinely cross-disciplinary con-versation.1 Offering two examples of approaches to the intersec-tion of literary and economic issues that privilege methodology over themes, history, or theory—a very brief genealogy of the concept of a national economy and an equally brief analysis of derivatives—the article calls for an ongoing reflection on whether literary and cultural scholars have the right tools for the job and, conversely, the right job for our tools.
REVOLUTION OR DIVERSITY? AESTHETIC AND POLITICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF CLASS IN THREE SWEDISH RADICAL PICTUREBOOKS FROM THE 2000S AND 2010S
Authors: Hermansson Kristina
Published: November 2020

This article explores manifestations of class from a combined aesthetical and political point of view, focusing on a selection of Swedish children’s picture books from 2009 to 2018, in which class differences are made prominent. In this sense, they can be regarded as radical. This study examines how political aspects are intertwined with literary, visual, and multimodal means. The main purpose is to examine how the political and aesthetical merge in the manifestations of class. The publishing of radical picture books during the 2000s and 2010s coincided with a rise of norm-criti-cal discourse, including a strong emphasis on diversity rather than on social transformation. The books, I argue, do not depict radical change on a collective level, but uses various aesthetic means in their manifestations of class and inequality. Theoretically, the anal-ysis mainly draws on Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of capital (1984), and Beverley Skeggs’s (1997) reasoning on class by adding the con-cept of respectability, as well as picturebook theory, and scholarly writing on radical picturebooks.
THE FINANCIAL REGIME
Authors: Vogl Joseph
Published: November 2020

Starting from the premise that the financial regime has become a power in and of itself—a fourth, ‘monetative’ power as it were—this essay gives an account of the ascendancy of finance and the shift from geopolitical to geo-economical order, within which there is no democratic legitimacy and no legal accountability and within which a new class conflict also emerges. It goes on to advance five theses on this new financial sovereignty, concluding that sovereign is he, who can transform his risks into other’s dangers and position him-self as the creditor of last resort.
L’influence des utilisations du téléphone portable sur l’expérience de magasinage
Authors: Flacandji Michaël , Vlad Mariana
Published: November 2020

L’objectif de cette étude exploratoire est double : 1) cerner dans quelle mesure l’utilisation du téléphone portable en magasin, quelle qu’elle soit, peut venir enrichir ou, au contraire, altérer l’expérience de magasinage dans le cas des courses ordinaires ; et 2) déterminer si clients et professionnels de la grande distribution alimentaire partagent les mêmes représentations en la matière. Pour ce faire, des entretiens semi-directifs auprès de 34 clients utilisateurs du téléphone portable en magasin et auprès de 15 professionnels ont été effectués. L’analyse dyadique effectuée souligne que les usages du téléphone portable, qu’ils soient à finalité marchande ou non, impactent différemment les dimensions de l’expérience. Elle permet, en outre, d’apporter un éclairage sur les interrelations opérant entre elles. Mots-clés : expérience de magasinage, expérience omnicanal, téléphone portable, ambivalence, courses ordinaires.
Gesture in hyperscanning during observation. Inter-brain connectivity
Authors: Balconi Michela , Fronda Giulia
Published: November 2020

Non-verbal communication is a joint action defined by the use of different gestures’ types. The present research aimed to investigate the electrophysiological (EEG) correlates during the observation of affective, social and informative gestures in non-verbal communication between encoder and decoder. Moreover, the hyperscanning paradigm allows investigating the individuals’ inter-brain connectivity. Regarding gestures’ type, the study’s results showed a decrease of alpha (increased brain activity), and an increase of delta and theta brain responsiveness and inter-brain connectivity for affective and social gestures in frontal and posterior areas for informative ones. Concerning gestures’ valence, an increase of left frontal theta activity and inter-brain connectivity was observed. Finally, about the inter-agents’ role, the same brain responses and inter-brain connectivity patterns emerged both in encoder and decoder. This study allows discovering neural responses underlying gestures’ type and valence during action observation, highlighting the validity of hyperscanning to investigate inter-brain connectivity mechanisms.
Systemic hypoxia inhibits T cell response by limiting mitobiogenesis via matrix substrate-level phosphorylation arrest
Authors: Saragovi Amijai , Abramovich Ifat , Omar Ibrahim , Arbib Eliran , Toker Ori , Gottlieb Eyal , Berger Michael
Published: November 2020

Systemic oxygen restriction (SOR) is prevalent in numerous clinical conditions, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and is associated with increased susceptibility to viral infections. However, the influence of SOR on T cell immunity remains uncharacterized. Here we show the detrimental effect of hypoxia on mitochondrial-biogenesis in activated mouse CD8+ T cells. We find that low oxygen level diminishes CD8+ T cell anti-viral response in vivo. We reveal that respiratory restriction inhibits ATP-dependent matrix processes that are critical for mitochondrial-biogenesis. This respiratory restriction-mediated effect could be rescued by TCA cycle re-stimulation, which yielded increased mitochondrial matrix-localized ATP via substrate-level phosphorylation. Finally, we demonstrate that the hypoxia-arrested CD8+ T cell anti-viral response could be rescued in vivo through brief exposure to atmospheric oxygen pressure. Overall, these findings elucidate the detrimental effect of hypoxia on mitochondrial-biogenesis in activated CD8+ T cells, and suggest a new approach for reducing viral infections in COPD.
Shedding light on those who provide support
Authors: Loissel Elsa
Published: November 2020

An eLife survey explores the experiences of those in the research community who support colleagues struggling with their mental health.
Handlings- og løsningsdyktige NAV-kontor - Forståelser av lokalt handlingsrom og ansvar ved arbeidsrettet bistand
Authors: Kane Aina Aune
Published: November 2020

I arbeidspakken «Handlings- og løsningsdyktige NAV-kontor» har forskerne ut fra ulike perspektiver undersøkt hvordan ansatte på NAV-kontor opplever og vurderer sitt handlingsrom for å komme fram til formålstjenlige løsninger i sitt brukerrettede arbeid. For å belyse ulike områder og implikasjoner for handlingsrom forskerne utarbeidet til sammen sju vitenskapelige arbeider. To vitenskapelige artikler er publisert i et norsk tidsskrift (Tidsskrift for velferdsforskning), mens et større komparativt arbeid er publisert i et internasjonalt vitenskapelig tidsskrift (European Journal of Comparative Law and Governance). Fire arbeider vil inngå i en antologi i regi av forskningsprosjektet Arbeidsinkludering, læring og innovasjon i NAV (ALIN)[1].

De vitenskapelige arbeidene framviser ulike innfallsvinkler for å undersøke NAV-ansattes erfaringer og vurderinger av ulike forhold som påvirker deres profesjonelle handlingsrom i ulike deler av deres arbeid. Kort oppsummert har vårt samlede forskningsarbeid synliggjort at NAV-ansattes handlingsrom påvirkes i mange ledd av deres brukerrettede arbeid, herunder vurdering av brukeres bistandsbehov, aktivisering av unge arbeidsledige, begrunnelser av enkeltvedtak, samarbeid med andre aktører, og i møtet med utsatte grupper som ungdom og flyktninger. Videre er det synliggjort hvordan NAV-ansattes handlingsrom for skjønnsutøvelse har ulike forutsetninger og implikasjoner. Ulike forhold påvirker dette handlingsrommet, herunder hvilke velferdspolitiske føringer som gjelder, hvordan lovgivningens ordlyd og utforming fremstår, og hvilke prosedyrer, instrukser og kulturer som råder innenfor NAV som instans. Forskningsarbeidene fremviser hvordan NAVs innsats innenfor arbeidsinkludering påvirkes av og fordrer ulike kunnskaper, ferdigheter og egenskaper hos de ansatte, og handlingsrom for den enkelte til å ta i bruk sin kompetanse. Videre fremviser forskningsarbeidene hvordan borgernes rettssikkerhet både kan fremmes og hemmes gjennom NAVs systemer, rutiner, lovgivning og ressurser.

 

[1] Antologien Arbeidsinkludering og læring i NAV - med forskningsarbeider fra alle fem arbeidspakkene i UniversitetsNAV- samarbeidets forskningsprosjekt ALIN).
Comparison of Wavelet Packet and Wavelet in Solving Arbitrary Array of Parallel Wires Integral Equations in Electromagnetics
Authors: Bayjja M. , Alsharahi G. , Aghoutane M. , Touhami N. A.
Published: November 2020

In this paper, wavelets transformation (WT) and wavelet packet transformation (WPT) are used in solving, by the method of moments, a semicircular array of parallel wires electric field integral equation.  First, the integral equation is solved by applying the direct method of moments via point-matching procedure, results in a linear system with a dense matrix.  Therefore, wavelet transformation and wavelet packet transformation are used to sparsify the impedance matrix, using two categories of wavelets functions, Biorthogonal (bior2.2) and Orthogonal (db4) wavelets.  The far-field scattering patterns and the comparison between wavelets transformation and wavelet packet transformation in term number of zeros in impedance matrix and CPU Time reduction are presented. Numerical results are presented to identify which technique is best suited to solve such scattering electromagnetic problems and compared with published results.
Online supervised attention-based recurrent depth estimation from monocular video
Authors: Maslov Dmitrii , Makarov Ilya
Published: November 2020

Autonomous driving highly depends on depth information for safe driving. Recently, major improvements have been taken towards improving both supervised and self-supervised methods for depth reconstruction. However, most of the current approaches focus on single frame depth estimation, where quality limit is hard to beat due to limitations of supervised learning of deep neural networks in general. One of the way to improve quality of existing methods is to utilize temporal information from frame sequences. In this paper, we study intelligent ways of integrating recurrent block in common supervised depth estimation pipeline. We propose a novel method, which takes advantage of the convolutional gated recurrent unit (convGRU) and convolutional long short-term memory (convLSTM). We compare use of convGRU and convLSTM blocks and determine the best model for real-time depth estimation task. We carefully study training strategy and provide new deep neural networks architectures for the task of depth estimation from monocular video using information from past frames based on attention mechanism. We demonstrate the efficiency of exploiting temporal information by comparing our best recurrent method with existing image-based and video-based solutions for monocular depth reconstruction.
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Eyelid Malignancy - A Brief Update
Authors: Pushker Neelam , Lokdarshi Gautam
Published: November 2020

Sentinel lymph node biopsy detects metastasis in the initial stages before the regional spread becomes clinically detectable and aids in the staging of the tumor. It helps to promptly manage the patient thereby improving the overall survival and quality of life. Further, it prevents unnecessary radical lymph node dissection and its associated morbidity in advanced malignancy with negative regional spread. Usefulness of sentinel lymph node biopsy in the periocular region is still evolving.
Reticular Pseudodrusen and Its Importance in AMD
Authors: Dave Prachi Abhishek , Bharti Neha , Singh Bhupesh , Chanana Bhuvan , Bharti Sudhank
Published: November 2020

This article aims to provide an insight into the pathophysiology and clinical features of the emerging entity called reticular pseudodrusen (RPD). The diagnosis of RPD requires multimodal imaging and it is important to distinguish them from other types of drusen. AMD can be a blinding disease with a huge impact of quality of life and the presence of RPD can further complicate the disease as RPD portend a faster progression of AMD to the wet form and are also known to be associated with geographic atrophy. Hence, it is important to diagnose this entity and these patients require a closer follow up.
Visual Outcome In Patients of Indirect Traumatic Optic Neuropathy Treated with Steroids
Authors: Valerie Menezes , Ugam Usgaonkar , Ramona Menezes
Published: November 2020

Aims:

To assess the Visual Outcome in patients with Indirect TON Treated With Steroids.

Settings and Design:

Prospective Non Randomised Study.

Methods and Material:

34 patients, having mild Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) with unilateral indirect TON were included. All patients received treatment with Methyl prednisolone 1 gm IV/day for 3 days followed by oral prednisolone 1 mg/kg for 11 days. Patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 included 17patients who received steroids within 72 hours of injury. Group 2 included 17 patients who received steroids after 72 hours of injury.

Statistical analysis used:

The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was used as the statistical test for visual acuity improvement for each of the groups. Fischerʼs exact test was used to assess statistical significance of visual acuity improvement between the 2 groups.

Results:

At 1 month follow up, 14 of 17 patients in Group 1 (82.4%) and 12 of 17 patients in Group 2 (70.6%) showed improvement in Visual Acuity which was statistically significant. The difference in visual acuity improvement between the two groups was not statistically significant.

Conclusions:

In patients of indirect TON having mild TBI, high dose steroids optimized the visual acuity, without any adverse effects, both in patients who presented within 72 hours and beyond 72 hours of injury.
Scrub Typhus with Partial Superior Orbital Fissure Syndrome
Authors: Mahajan Sanyam K. , Gupta Vinay , Sharma Sudhir , Thakur Suresh
Published: November 2020

We report a case of a 33 year old woman suffering from scrub typhus who presented with binocular horizontal diplopia. Magnatic Resonance Imaging of Brain showed thickening and enhancement of the lateral wall of cavernous sinus, extending to involve orbital apex. She improved after treatment with doxycycline. Various ophthalmological manifestations of scrub typhus have also been reviewed.
Looking Beyond the Usual
Authors: Shakrawal Jyoti , Dhiman Rebika , Prasad Priyanka , Vora Zainab , Sharma Sanjay , Saxena Rohit , Karna Satya
Published: November 2020

Vision loss is a common association in tuberculosis. It may be due to direct damage to optic nerves and chaisma by the basal exudates and inflammation, tuberculomas affecting the visual pathway, optochiasmatic arachnoiditis, or papilloedema due to raised intracranial pressure. It may also be the result of toxic effects of anti-tubercular drugs like ethambutol or paradoxical response to ATT leading to expansion or development of new tuberculomas. The diagnosis is often challenging. In this case 13 year old child presented with vision loss in the left eye 2 months after starting the therapy. There was bilateral disc pallor that pointed towards ethambutol toxicity. But perimetry revealed bitemporal hemianopia and a subsequent neuroimaging showed optochiasmatic tuberculoma. Therefore, a proper neuro-ophthalmological work up supplemented with radiological examination can help arrive at a correct diagnosis and guide the appropriate management.
Socio-demographic Differentials in the Knowledge of E-Health Care Delivery among Health Care Professionals in Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Authors: Nobana C. L. Kpe- , Elechi C. E. , Aleke C. O.
Published: November 2020

Background: The emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases in developing countries including Nigeria underscores the need for electronic health (e-Health) to improve health care delivery. This study thus determined the knowledge and socio-demographic differentials in the knowledge of e-Health care delivery among health care professionals in Federal Teaching Hospital Abakalik (FETHA) Ebonyi State, Nigeria.

Methods: The descriptive research design and a self-developed questionnaire was used for the study. Three objectives with three research questions and two null –hypotheses were postulated to guide the study. Out of a population of 2092 health workers in FETHA, 209 representing 10% were drawn through a multistage sampling technique and were studied. Frequency and percentage were used to answer research question one, while mean and standard deviation were used to answer research questions two and three. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used in testing null hypotheses one while Mann-Whitney U test was used in testing hypotheses two at .05 level of significance.

Results: The overall mean percentage of respondents was 85.6% which indicates that health care professionals in FETHA possessed a good knowledge of e-Health care delivery. The findings further indicated that health care professional in FETHA differed in their level of education with diploma and below possessing higher knowledge of e-Health care delivery (x̅=1.23) than those with B.Sc. and above (x̅=1.14). Also differed by their age (P>0.05), and level of education (P<0.05).

Conclusion: Nigerian government at all levels, through their various Ministries of Health should organize intensive ICT training and retraining of their employees, especially those with B.Sc and above.
Effects of Catalpa Alcohol From Rehmannia glutinosa on Calcium-Binding Protein, Interleukin-1β, and Galectin-3 in Synovial Tissues of Rats With Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: He Qiang , Liu Yixin , Yin Hong , Qian Weiqing , Yao Nianwei , Wang Zhen , Xu Lei , Zhang Dapeng , Yan Kun , Dai Fenglei
Published: November 2020

Objectives

We aimed to evaluate the effects of catalpa alcohol from Rehmannia glutinosa on the expressions of calcium-binding protein (S100A12), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and galectin-3 in the synovium of rats with early knee osteoarthritis (KOA).

Methods

Fifty-two adult male Wistar rats aged 3 to 8 weeks were divided into normal control (n = 16), model (n = 12), low-dose (n = 12), and high-dose groups (n = 12). On the 10th day after modeling, 6 rats in normal control group and 6 in the other 3 groups were randomly selected. X-ray and 3-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) images of the left knee joint were taken under live anesthesia. The joint cavity of sacrificed rats was opened to observe cartilage surface. After 28 consecutive days of administration, the synovial tissue of left knee joint was collected.

Results

The S100A12, IL-1β, and galectin-3 levels in synovial tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry and ELISA. There were articular cartilage defects in left knees. Radiologic examination showed significant joint space narrowing and hyperplasia, and 3D CT joint space value decreased (P < 0.05). The Mankins and OARSI scores of synovial histopathology were significantly different (P < 0.05). The S100A12, IL-1β, and galectin-3 levels in synovial tissue of the model group significantly exceeded those of the normal control group (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, such levels of low-dose (P < 0.05) and high-dose groups (P < 0.01) were significantly lower.

Conclusions

The S100A12, IL-1β and galectin-3 levels in synovium tissue decreased with rising concentration of catalpa alcohol from R. glutinosa. Therefore, this drug is potentially suitable for inhibiting an inflammatory response to delay the progression of KOA.
Thermo‐Haptic Materials and Devices for Wearable Virtual and Augmented Reality
Authors: Lee Jinwoo , Kim Dongkwan , Sul Heayoun , Ko Seung Hwan
Published: November 2020

The current generation of virtual and augmented realities (VR/AR) has substantially advanced in the past decade because of the rapid development of converging technologies in various engineering and scientific fields. However, the current VR/AR technologies rely mainly on visual and auditory senses to physically replicate the virtual environment, although tactile senses play a significant role in the daily life since a myriad of tactile information is received through physical touch. Of the tactile senses, thermal senses are of great importance to be reproduced in the VR/AR field, since heat is transferred constantly and further interact with the surrounding environment. To date, there has been a huge amount of research studies on functional materials, thermo‐haptic devices, and wearable electronics that have all converged to form the fundamental groundwork for the development of wearable thermal VR/AR devices. In this progress report, a review on various physical mechanisms and research is provided that can potentially be applied in the next generation of thermal VR/AR technologies and discuss the essential challenges that need to be addressed.
Dynamic Redistribution of Mobile Ions in Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wang Heyong , Chen Zhan , Hu Jingcong , Yu Hongling , Kuang Chaoyang , Qin Jiajun , Liu Xianjie , Lu Yue , Fahlman Mats , Hou Lintao , Liu Xiao‐Ke , Gao Feng
Published: November 2020

Despite quick development of perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) during the past few years, the fundamental mechanisms on how ion migration affects device efficiency and stability remain unclear. Here, it is demonstrated that the dynamic redistribution of mobile ions in the emissive layer plays a key role in the performance of PeLEDs and can explain a range of abnormal behaviours commonly observed during the device measurement. The dynamic redistribution of mobile ions changes charge–carrier injection and leads to increased recombination current; at the same time, the ion redistribution also changes charge transport and results in decreased shunt resistance current. As a result, the PeLEDs show hysteresis in external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) and radiance, that is, higher EQEs and radiance during the reverse voltage scan than during the forward scan. In addition, the changes on charge injection and transport induced by the ion redistribution also well explain the rise of the EQE/radiance values under constant driving voltages. The argument is further rationalized by adding extra formamidinium iodide (FAI) into optimized PeLEDs based on FAPbI3, resulting in more significant hysteresis and shorter operational stability of the PeLEDs.
Indium Nitride at the 2D Limit
Authors: Pécz Béla , Nicotra Giuseppe , Giannazzo Filippo , Yakimova Rositsa , Koos Antal , Kakanakova‐Georgieva Anelia
Published: November 2020

The properties of 2D InN are predicted to substantially differ from the bulk crystal. The predicted appealing properties relate to strong in‐ and out‐of‐plane excitons, high electron mobility, efficient strain engineering of their electronic and optical properties, and strong application potential in gas sensing. Until now, the realization of 2D InN remained elusive. In this work, the formation of 2D InN and measurements of its bandgap are reported. Bilayer InN is formed between graphene and SiC by an intercalation process in metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The thickness uniformity of the intercalated structure is investigated by conductive atomic force microscopy (C‐AFM) and the structural properties by atomic resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The coverage of the SiC surface is very high, above 90%, and a major part of the intercalated structure is represented by two sub‐layers of indium (In) bonded to nitrogen (N). Scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) measurements give a bandgap value of 2 ± 0.1 eV for the 2D InN. The stabilization of 2D InN with a pragmatic wide bandgap and high lateral uniformity of intercalation is demonstrated.
Carbon concentration predicts soil contamination of plant residues
Authors: Franzluebbers Alan J.
Published: November 2020

Dry matter estimations of field‐harvested plant materials can be complicated by varying degrees of soil contamination. A quick and simple method of screening materials for potential soil contamination would avoid unnecessary analyses. Harvested forage biomass and soil‐surface crop residues were collected from cool‐season perennial pastures, a silvopasture, and no‐tillage cropland to determine ash concentration. Samples were also analyzed for total carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) concentrations as part of routine plant analysis. When assessing ash and C concentrations along a gradient of soil contamination among 260 samples, a common regression was developed that had <1% coefficient of variation [Ash (g kg−1) = 999 − 1.89 × C (g kg−1), r2 = .99, p < .001]. This association was consistent with available data in the literature, which also showed a negative relationship between ash and C concentrations of organically derived materials. Soil contamination of plant biomass and surface residues can be effectively estimated with this regression approach, allowing for more accurate organic matter estimates.
Sustainable Groundwater Management in India Needs a Water‐Energy‐Food Nexus Approach
Authors: Mukherji Aditi
Published: November 2020

Groundwater depletion in India is a result of water, energy, and food policies that have given rise to a nexus where growth in agriculture has been supported by unsustainable trends in water and energy use. This nexus emanates from India's policy of providing affordable calories to its large population. This requires that input prices are kept low, leading to perverse incentives that encourage groundwater overexploitation. The paper argues that solutions to India's groundwater problems need to be embedded within the current context of its water‐energy‐food nexus. Examples are provided of changes underway in some water‐energy‐food policies that may halt further groundwater depletion.
Hypercalcemia in a patient with a bowing femur
Authors: Slouma Maroua , Rahmouni Safa , Dhahri Rim , Abbes Maissa , Gharsallah Imen , Metoui Leila , Louzir Bassem
Published: November 2020

Hypercalcemia in PDB is rare; its occurrence requires thorough investigations as it may reveal several diseases, such as primary hyperparathyroidism, malignant transformation, metastases, or myeloma.
Mucinous cystic neoplasm of the liver mimicking a hydatid cyst
Authors: Limaiem Faten , Bouraoui Saâdia
Published: November 2020

Misdiagnosis of mucinous cystic neoplasms of the liver may have serious consequences due to their premalignant potential. A thorough understanding of their characteristic features and a high index of suspicion are mandatory (Mod Pathol, 24, 2011, and 1079).
A case of congenital single testis with testicular cancer patient and azoospermia who was able to collect spermatozoa with ipsilateral Onco‐TESE
Authors: Hayashi Kazumasa , Inamoto Teruo , Azuma Haruhito , Masuda Hiroshi , Oku Hirotsugu
Published: November 2020

Onco‐TESE is a useful strategy for cancer patients with a congenital single testis who wish to preserve their fertility.
Twisting versus Delocalization in CAAC‐ and NHC‐Stabilized Boron‐Based Biradicals: The Roles of Sterics and Electronics
Authors: Schmid Paul , Fantuzzi Felipe , Klopf Jonas , Schröder Niklas B. , Dewhurst Rian D. , Braunschweig Holger , Engel Volker , Engels Bernd
Published: November 2020

Twisted boron‐based biradicals featuring unsaturated C2R2 (R=Et, Me) bridges and stabilization by cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes (CAACs) were recently prepared. These species show remarkable geometrical and electronic differences with respect to their unbridged counterparts. Herein, a thorough computational investigation on the origin of their distinct electrostructural properties is performed. It is shown that steric effects are mostly responsible for the preference for twisted over planar structures. The ground‐state multiplicity of the twisted structure is modulated by the σ framework of the bridge, and different R groups lead to distinct multiplicities. In line with the experimental data, a planar structure driven by delocalization effects is observed as global minimum for R=H. The synthetic elusiveness of C2R2‐bridged systems featuring N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) was also investigated. These results could contribute to the engineering of novel main group biradicals.
Social needs and health‐related quality of life among African American cancer survivors: Results from the Detroit Research on Cancer Survivors study
Authors: Hastert Theresa A. , McDougall Jean A. , Strayhorn Shaila M. , Nair Mrudula , Beebe‐Dimmer Jennifer L. , Schwartz Ann G.
Published: November 2020

Background

Social needs may affect cancer survivors' health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) above and beyond sociodemographic and cancer‐related factors. The purpose of this study was to estimate associations between social needs and HRQOL.

Methods

Results included data from 1754 participants in the Detroit Research on Cancer Survivors cohort, a population‐based study of African American survivors of breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancer. Social needs included items related to food insecurity, utility shutoffs, housing instability, not getting health care because of cost or a lack of transportation, and perceptions of neighborhood safety. HRQOL was measured with the validated Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–General (FACT‐G). Linear regression models controlled for demographic, socioeconomic, and cancer‐related factors.

Results

More than one‐third of the survivors (36.3%) reported social needs including 17.1% of survivors reported 2 or more. The prevalence of social needs ranged from 14.8% for food insecurity to 8.9% for utility shutoffs. FACT‐G score differences associated with social needs were –12.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] to –15.2 to –9.3) for not getting care because of a lack of transportation, –11.3 (95% CI, –14.2 to –8.4) for housing instability, –10.1 (95% CI, –12.7 to –7.4) for food insecurity, –9.8 (95% CI, –12.7 to –6.9) for feeling unsafe in the neighborhood, –8.6 (95% CI, –11.7 to –5.4) for utility shutoffs, and –6.7 (95% CI, –9.2 to –4.1) for not getting care because of cost.

Conclusions

Social needs were common in this cohort of African American cancer survivors and were associated with clinically significant differences in HRQOL. Clinical oncology care and survivorship care planning may present opportunities to screen for and address social needs to mitigate their impact on survivors' HRQOL.
The Diversity of Linear Conjugated Polyenes and Colours in Nature: Raman Spectroscopy as a Diagnostic Tool
Authors: Maia Lenize F. , De Oliveira Vanessa E. , Edwards Howell G. M. , De Oliveira Luiz Fernando C.
Published: November 2020

This review is centered on the linear conjugated polyenes, which encompasses chromatic biomolecules, such as carotenoids, polyunsaturated aldehydes and polyolefinic fatty acids. The linear extension of the conjugated double bonds in these molecules is the main feature that determines the spectroscopic properties as light‐absorbing. These classes of compounds are responsible for the yellow, orange, red and purple colors which are observed in their parent flora and fauna in nature. Raman spectroscopy has been used as analytical tool for the characterization of these molecules, mainly due to the strong light scattering produced by the delocalized pi electrons in the carbon chain. In addition, conjugated polyenes are one of the main target molecular species for astrobiology, and we also present a brief discussion of the use of Raman spectroscopy as one of the main analytical tools for the detection of polyenes extra‐terrestrially.
Phasing and imputation of single nucleotide polymorphism data of missing parents of biparental plant populations
Authors: Gonen Serap , Wimmer Valentin , Gaynor R. Chris , Byrne Ed , Gorjanc Gregor , Hickey John M.
Published: November 2020

This paper presents an extension to a heuristic method for phasing and imputation of genotypes of descendants in biparental populations so that it can phase and impute genotypes of parents that are ungenotyped or partially genotyped. The imputed genotypes of the parent are used to impute low‐density (Ld) genotyped descendants to high density (Hd). The extension was implemented as part of the AlphaPlantImpute software and works in three steps. First, it identifies whether a parent has no or Ld genotypes and identifies its relatives that have Hd genotypes. Second, using the Hd genotypes of relatives, it determines whether the parent is homozygous or heterozygous for a given locus. Third, it phases heterozygous positions of the parent by matching haplotypes to its relatives. We measured the accuracy (correlation between true and imputed genotypes) of imputing parent genotypes in simulated biparental populations from different scenarios. We tested the imputation accuracy of the missing parent's descendants using the true genotype of the parent and compared this with using the imputed genotypes of the parent. Across all scenarios, the imputation accuracy of a parent was >0.98 and did not drop below ∼0.96. The imputation accuracy of a parent was always higher when it was inbred than outbred. Including ancestors of the parent at Hd, increasing the number of crosses and the number of Hd descendants increased the imputation accuracy. The high imputation accuracy achieved for the parent translated to little or no impact on the imputation accuracy of its descendants.
Molecular analysis of structural genes involved in flavonoids biosynthesis in naturally colored cotton
Authors: Canavar Öner , Rausher Mark D.
Published: November 2020

In order to facilitate the development of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) strains with colored fiber, the genetic and developmental control of flavonoids in fibers must be understood. The major goal of this study was to determine whether anthocyanidins accumulate in three different natural colored cotton fibers during their development, and to document the expression levels of flavonoid genes necessary for the production of anthocyanidins to determine if differences in expression levels reflect differences in anthocyanidin production. Most flavonoid structural genes were more highly expressed during fiber elongation than before the beginning of secondary cell wall formation. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses showed that the abundance of anthocyanidins was higher in brown fibers than in green or white fibers. Anthocyanidins were present at high levels in fibers, starting at 20 d post‐anthesis of fiber development, which is almost at the end of the fiber elongation stage. Brown cotton contains higher delphinidin levels than of green and white cotton. This pattern is consistent with greater expression of anthocyanin pathway genes in brown fibers. In naturally colored cotton, the enzyme Lar (leucoanthocyanidin reductase) converted leucoanthocyanidins to catechin, which are proanthocyanins (PAs) precursor subunits. It is suggested that failure to produce anthocyanins is likely due to a combination of insufficient expression of Ufgt (UDP‐glucose: flavonoid 3‐O‐glucosyltransferase) and high expression of Lar and Anr (anthocyanidin reductase).
Help or hindrance? The evolutionary impact of whole‐genome duplication on immunogenetic diversity and parasite load
Authors: Bell Ellen A. , Cable Jo , Oliveira Claudio , Richardson David S. , Yant Levi , Taylor Martin I.
Published: November 2020

Whole‐genome duplication (WGD) events occur in all kingdoms and have been hypothesized to promote adaptability. WGDs identified in the early history of vertebrates, teleosts, and angiosperms have been linked to the large‐scale diversification of these lineages. However, the mechanics and full outcomes of WGD regarding potential evolutionary impacts remain a topic of debate. The Corydoradinae are a diverse subfamily of Neotropical catfishes with over 170 species described and a history of WGDs. They are divided into nine mtDNA lineages, with species coexisting in sympatric—and often mimetic—communities containing representatives of two or more of the nine lineages. Given their similar life histories, coexisting species of Corydoras might be exposed to similar parasite loads and because of their different histories of WGD and genome size they provide a powerful system for investigating the impacts of WGD on immune diversity and function in an animal system. Here, we compared parasite counts and the diversity of the immune‐related toll‐like receptors (TLR) in two coexisting species of Corydoras catfish (C. maculifer and C. araguaiaensis), one diploid and one putative tetraploid. In the putative tetraploid C. araguaiaensis, we found significantly lower numbers of parasites and significantly higher diversity (measured by both synonymous and nonsynonymous SNP counts) in two TLR genes than in the diploid C. maculifer. These results provide insight into how WGD may impact evolution, in this case by providing greater immunogenetic diversity.
Desiccation limits recruitment in the pleometrotic desert seed‐harvester ant Veromessor pergandei
Authors: Johnson Robert A.
Published: November 2020

The desert harvester ant Veromessor pergandei displays geographic variation in colony founding with queens initiating nests singly (haplometrosis) or in groups (pleometrosis). The transition from haplo‐ to pleometrotic founding is associated with lower rainfall. Numerous hypotheses have been proposed to explain the evolution of cooperative founding in this species, but the ultimate explanation remains unanswered. In laboratory experiments, water level was positively associated with survival, condition, and brood production by single queens. Queen survival also was positively influenced by water level and queen number in a two‐factor experiment. Water level also was a significant effect for three measures of queen condition, but queen number was not significant for any measure. Foundress queens excavated after two weeks of desiccating conditions were dehydrated compared to alate queens captured from their natal colony, indicating that desiccation can be a source of queen mortality. Long‐term monitoring in central Arizona, USA, documented that recruitment only occurred in four of 20 years. A discriminant analysis using rainfall as a predictor of recruitment correctly predicted recruitment in 17 of 20 years for total rainfall from January to June (the period for mating flights and establishment) and in 19 of 20 years for early plus late rainfall (January–March and April–June, respectively), often with a posterior probability > 0.90. Moreover, recruitment occurred only in years in which both early and late rainfall exceeded the long‐term mean. This result also was supported by the discriminant analysis predicting no recruitment when long‐term mean early and late rainfall were included as ungrouped periods. These data suggest that pleometrosis in V. pergandei evolved to enhance colony survival in areas with harsh abiotic (desiccating) conditions, facilitating colonization of habitats in which solitary queens could not establish even in wet years. This favorable‐year hypothesis supports enhanced worker production as the primary advantage of pleometrosis.
Evaluation of Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation Station (CHIRPS) satellite‐based rainfall estimates over Finchaa and Neshe Watersheds, Ethiopia
Authors: Geleta Chala Daba , Deressa Tesema Adamu
Published: November 2020

Recent advancements in the field of remote sensing have led to the development of high resolution satellite‐based rainfall products to improve the quality of observed rainfall data through proper evaluation and validation process of the products. This study therefore, intended to evaluate the performance of CHIRPS (Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation Station) satellite‐based rainfall products in Finchaa and Neshe watersheds of Blue Nile Basin. Daily ground‐ and satellite‐based rainfall data are collected from Ethiopian National Meteorological Agency and CHIRPS dataset of CHG (Climate Hazards Group) respectively, for the time slice of 25 years (1991–2015). The performance of CHIRPS product is evaluated using quantitative statistical performance indicators and graphical comparison methods. CHIRPS satellite product tends to slightly overestimate the mean rainfall depth at the study area. A positive strong linear correlation (R = 0.93 and R2 = 0.86) and a smaller amount of noise, bias and error (NSE = 0.84, PBIAS = 0.98%, and RMSE = 46.99 mm) have been found between CHIRPS satellite‐based and the ground‐based rainfall products when compared. The overall results in this study also indicated the good performance of CHIRPS satellite‐based rainfall estimates in maintaining patterns of observed measurements at monthly, seasonal and annual time steps across the watersheds.