bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P.182 Self-Assembling Peptide Biomaterial to Optimize Human Stem
Cell-Based Regeneration of the Injured Spinal Cord
Authors: Ahuja C , Khazaei M , Fehlings M
Published: January 2022

Background: Human induced pluripotent stem
cell-derived neural stem cells (hiPS-NSCs) are a promising therapeutic
approach to regenerate after spinal cord injury (SCI) as they can
differentiate to myelinating oligodendrocytes, synaptically-active neurons,
and supportive astrocytes. Unfortunately, most chronically injured patients
develop ex vacuo microcystic cavitations which
prevent regenerative cell migration and neurite outgrowth. QL6 is a novel,
pH-neutral, biomaterial which can self-assembles into a supportive
extracellular matrix (ECM)-like matrix in vivo.
This work assesses QL6’s ability to support hiPS-NSC-based regeneration.
Methods:In
Vitro:hiPS-NSCs were extensively characterized by EDTA assay,
qPCR, and immunocytochemistry(ICC), electron microscopy(EM) and neurosphere
formation assays. In Vivo:Immunodeficient rats
received clinically-relevant chronic C6-7 injuries. Animals were randomized:
(1)vehicle, (2)hiPS-NSCs, (3)QL6, (4)QL6+hiPS-NSCs. All rats underwent
treadmill rehabilitation and behavioural testing. A subset underwent
single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNAseq). Results:
hiPS-NSCs proliferated robustly on
QL6(Ki67+/DAPI+; 29%vs6%;
p<0.01). EDTA assay showed hiPS-NSC binding to QL6 to be driven by
calcium-independent mechanisms. Importantly, QL6 enhanced adherent
neurosphere formation. EM-imaging provided the first images of the
hiPS-NSC/QL6 interaction. Behavioural assessments demonstrate synergistic
improvements with combinatorial treatment. High-throughput scRNAseq
differential gene expression analyses suggest QL6 is altering lineage
signalling in the human graft post-transplantation.
Conclusions: This work provides key
proof-of-concept data that QL6 can support translationally-relevant human
iPS-NSCs in traumatic SCI.
P.185 Impact-detecting helmets as indicators of concussion and blood
brain barrier integrity in university football players
Authors: Jones C , Audas L , Kureshi N , Kamintsky L , Fenerty L , Wilson L , Atkinson C , Friedman A , Clarke DB
Published: January 2022

Background: Repetitive sub-concussive head
impacts have been associated with changes in brain architecture and
neurological symptoms. In this study, we examined the association between
repetitive sub-concussive impacts, impact burden, and blood brain barrier
(BBB) integrity in university football players.
Methods: 59 university football players were
followed over the 2019 season. Athletes with diagnosed concussion and those
sustaining impacts that alerted a sideline impact monitor (relayed by
ferroelectric helmet sensors) underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI
(DCE-MRI) within one week of injury/alert, and 4 weeks following initial
incident. Results: Helmets recorded 2648 impacts over
48 cumulative hours. 8 concussions occurred during the 2019 season (2.82 per
1000 activity hours). On average, athletes with a diagnosed concussion had
55.3 impacts to the front sensor, compared to 14.1 in non-concussed
athletes. Athletes who consented to DCE-MRI (n=5) had 10.78% BBB-D within a
week of concussion/alert, and 6.77% BBB-D at 4-weeks.
Conclusions: We show quantification of BBB
integrity relative to head impact burden for the first time. This
preliminary study highlights the potential of impact-detecting helmets to
provide relevant impact characteristics and offers a foundation for future
work on neurological consequences of repetitive sub-concussive
impacts.
P.186 Transcranial Doppler Based Continuous Assessment of Cerebrovascular
Reactivity in Adult Traumatic Brain Injury: A Scoping Review of Associations
with Outcomes
Authors: Gomez A , Froese L , Sainbhi AS , Batson C , Zeiler FA
Published: January 2022

Background: Disruption in cerebrovascular
reactivity following traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a known phenomenon that
may hold prognostic value. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) has been employed to
evaluate cerebrovascular reactivity following injury utilizing a continuous
time-series approach. Methods: A systematically
conducted scoping review of the literature on the association of continuous
time-domain TCD based indices of cerebrovascular reactivity, with outcomes
following moderate and severe TBI was performed. Multiple databases were
searched from inception to November 2020 for relevant articles.
Results: Thirty-six relevant articles were
identified. There was significant evidence supporting an association with
continuous time-domain TCD based indices and functional outcomes following
TBI. Physiologic parameters such as intracranial pressure, cerebral
perfusion pressure, Carbon Dioxide (CO2) reactivity as well as more
established indices of cerebrovascular reactivity have all been associated
with these TCD based indices. The literature has been concentrated in a few
centres and is further limited by the lack of multivariate analysis.
Conclusions: There is a substantial body of
evidence that cerebrovascular reactivity as measured by time-domain TCD
based indices have prognostic utility following TBI. The literature supports
some associations between these indices and cerebral physiologic parameters.
Further validation in multi-institution studies is required before these
indices can be widely adopted clinically.
P.187 Evaluating congruency between intramedullary and subdural pressure
in a porcine model of acute spinal cord injury
Authors: Rizzuto MA , Allard Brown A , Kim K , So K , Manouchehri N , Webster M , Fisk S , Griesdale DE , Sekhon MS , Streijger F , Kwon BK
Published: January 2022

Background: Clinical guidelines recommend MAP
maintenance at 85-90 mmHg to optimize spinal cord perfusion post-SCI.
Recently, there has been increased interest in spinal cord perfusion
pressure as a surrogate marker for spinal cord blood flow. The study aims to
determine the congruency of subdural and intramedullary spinal cord pressure
measurements at the site of SCI, both rostral and caudal to the epicenter of
injury. Methods: Seven Yucatan pigs underwent a T5 to
L1 laminectomy with intramedullary (IM) and subdural (SD) pressure sensors
placed 2 mm rostral and 2 mm caudal to the epicenter of SCI. A T10 contusion
SCI was performed followed by an 8-hour period of monitoring. Axial
ultrasound images were captured at the epicenter of injury pre-SCI,
post-SCI, and hourly thereafter. Results: Pigs with
pre-SCI cord to dural sac ratio (CDSR) of >0.8 exhibited greater
occlusion of the subdural space post-SCI with a positive correlation between
IM and SD pressure rostral to the injury and a negative correlation caudal
to the epicenter. Pigs with pre-SCI CDSR <0.8 exhibited no correlation
between IM and SD pressure. Conclusions: Congruency
of IM and SD pressure is dependent on compartmentalization of the spinal
cord occurring secondary to swelling that occludes the subdural
space.
P.193 Competitive Flow Diversion: Proposed Classification System
Authors: MacLean MA , Huynh T , Schmidt M , Pereira VM , Weeks A
Published: January 2022

Background: Competitive flow diversion (CFD) is a
novel application of flow diversion stenting (FDS), redirecting flow into a
normal artery proximal or distal to the aneurysmal parent artery. A
classification system for CFD has not been previously reported.
Methods: Report of operative technique and novel
classification system for CFD. Results: A patient
with subarachnoid haemorrhage and three aneurysms arising from the Pcomm-P1
complex, was treated with endovascular coiling and CFD. The PCOM aneurysm
was coiled. Two aneurysms arose from the distal right P1- PCA. After a
failed attempt to treat with FDS across the P1-PCA, the P1-aneurysms were
successfully treated with CFD distal to the P1-PCA, from Pcomm to P2. Over
12 months, CFD redirected flow via ICA-Pcomm-P2, reducing the size of the
P1-PCA, obliterating the P1-aneurysms. Herein, we classify competitive flow
diversion into two types. Type I CFD is when the parent artery harbouring
the aneurysm is “jailed” proximally. Type II CFD occurs when flow is
diverted from the parent artery distal to the aneurysm origin.
Conclusions: Herein, we propose a novel
classification for CFD. We describe the first case of aneurysm occlusion in
the circle of Willis with Type II CFD, and use of CFD for the treatment of
multiple adjacent aneurysms.
P.195 Giant aneurysm, tiny patient: flow diversion stenting of a giant
MCA aneurysm in a young child
Authors: Bokeris A , Mcneely D , Schmidt M , Pickett G
Published: January 2022

Background: A 3-year-old girl presented with a
6-day history of severe headaches. On examination, upper motor neuron signs
were noted in the left upper and lower extremities with increased tone,
reflexes, and a positive Babinski sign. MRI of the brain revealed a giant
right middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysm with significant mass effect,
associated with cerebral edema and ventricular effacement. CT and CT
angiogram showed evidence of aneurysmal wall calcification and lamellar
thrombosis within the aneurysmal sac. In addition, there was a smaller right
MCA aneurysm in close proximity to the giant aneurysm.
Methods: After a balloon occlusion test to assess
collateral blood flow to the MCA territory, it was decided to treat both
aneurysms with a flow diverting stent. Dual antiplatelet loading was done
with aspirin and clopidogrel. The smallest available diameter of Pipeline
Shield stent was deployed. Results: The patient
remained neurologically unchanged. Early follow-up imaging demonstrated
stent patency, reduced size and mass effect of the large aneurysm, reduced
cerebral edema, and no flow into the smaller aneurysm.
Conclusions: Flow diversion stenting may be
employed successfully in pediatric patients, though has unique technical
considerations including small size vessels and limited evidence for
antiplatelet agent choice and dosing.
P.206 Tissue Plasminogen Activator in Addition to Twist Drill Drainage as
a Treatment for Chronic Subdural Hematomas – A Descriptive Analysis
Authors: Dickinson A , leRoux AA , Kolyvas G , Ghallab N , El-Mughayyar D , Bigney E , Richardson E , Vandewint A , Attabib N
Published: January 2022

Background: Current literature provides little
consensus on universal guidelines for first-line treatment of chronic
subdural hematomas (cSDH). However, administration of local tissue
plasminogen activator (tPA) may enhance the traditional method of twist
drill drainage (TDD). The study aims to explore the efficacy of TDD with and
without tPA, at achieving clinically relevant drainage (200mL) and reducing
recurrence of cSDH. Methods: A retrospective review
of patients (N=34) with cSDH is presented. Patients who received TDD with
tPA (n=17) were identified and matched, based primarily on age and hematoma
volume, to a control group (n=17), TDD without tPA. Variables of interest
include initial hematoma volume, volume drained, length of stay, and
recurrence rates. Descriptive analysis was run.
Results: Average age for patients was 74.6 with
76% male. Mean drainage volumes for the tPA cohort was 381.6mL and TDD
without tPA cohort was 151.3mL. The addition of tPA resulted in drainage
volumes nearly double (1.9x) the clinically relevant amount and had low
recurrence rates (12.5%). TDD without tPA failed to result in clinically
relevant drainage and had a recurrence rate of 52.9%. Average length of stay
differed by two days (9.71 tPA; 7.71 control).
Conclusions: TDD with tPA was effective at
treating cSDH in our population.
P.235 Differences in Human, Pig, and Rat Spinal Cord Stem Cells in
Response to Inflammatory and Regenerative Factors In Vitro
Authors: Galuta A , Yassin Kassab A , Ghinda D , Sandarage R , Kwan J , Tsai E
Published: January 2022

Background: While the use of neural
stem/progenitor cells has been reported as a promising therapeutic approach
for spinal cord injury, direct comparison of adult primary animal spinal
cord NSPCs have not been compared to human NSPCs under the same conditions
to characterize intrinsic differences between human/animal NSPC response to
inflammatory/regenerative factors. Methods: To mimic
post-injury inflammation, primary-derived NSPCs from adult humans, pigs, and
rats were treated with pro-inflammatory factors.To direct regeneration,
NSPCs were treated with retinoic acid, platelet-derived growth factor or
bone morphogenic protein-(BMP4) to induce neurons, oligodendrocytes or
astrocytes, respectively.Cultures were treated for 7 or 14 days and
characterized by immunocytochemistry. Results:
Pro-inflammatory factors promoted more astrogenesis in rat and pig NSPCs
compared to human NSPCs and induced neuronal differentiation in human NSPCs.
RA increased neurogenesis of human and rat NSPCs, PDGFα increased
oligodendrocyte differentiation of rat NSPCs, and BMP4 increased
astrogenesis of human and rat NSPCs Conclusions: For
the first time, differences in response of human, pig and rat primary NSPCs
to inflammatory and regenerative factors have been identified. Better
understanding of these differences is essential to improving the successful
translation of regenerative therapies to humans.
Cross-national data on informal caregivers of older people with long-term care needs in the European population: time for a more coordinated and comparable approach
Authors: Tur-Sinai Aviad , Teti Andrea , Rommel Alexander , Hlebec Valentina , Yghemonos Stecy , Lamura Giovanni
Published: January 2022

To promote long-term care policies for older adults, accurate mapping of the often invisible and insufficiently recognized role of their informal caregivers is needed. This paper measures the prevalence of informal caregivers in the European population, illustrates current difficulties in gathering unequivocal information on this topic and deals with the scientific and policy implications of the problem. Using the European Health Interview Survey (EHIS), the European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) and the Study on Health and Ageing in Europe (SHARE), the current difficulties in gathering unequivocal information on this topic are illustrated. In most countries, the share of informal caregivers varies, sometimes markedly, among the three surveys. As for the sex of caregivers, while confirming the well-known higher prevalence of caregivers among women than among men, large variations emerge across the three surveys in most countries in respect of the two sexes. The takeaway message of the paper is that it is urgent to promote international concerted action in gathering comprehensive informal caregiving information and/or exploring in greater depth the different intercultural understandings of informal care itself.
A rare combination of post-ductal coarctation of the aorta and adjunct tortuous aneurysm: a neonate with Posterior fossa anomalies, Haemangiomas of the head and neck, Arterial, Cardiovascular, and Eye anomalies and ventral developmental defect syndrome
Authors: Mori Otohime , Fujiwara Keiichi , Sakazaki Hisanori
Published: January 2022

A 4-day-old girl with Posterior fossa anomalies, Haemangiomas of the head and neck, Arterial, Cardiovascular, and Eye anomalies and ventral developmental defect syndrome comprising a facial haemangioma, aortic coarctation at the aortic arch, torturous aortic aneurysm distal to coarctation, and ductus arteriosus originating proximal to the coarctation is presented. The aortic arch was successfully reconstructed without cardiopulmonary bypass, and she is currently doing well after 4 years and 8 months.
GYSIN TRIANGLES IN THE CATEGORY OF MOTIFS WITH MODULUS
Authors: Matsumoto Keiho
Published: January 2022

In this article, we study a Gysin triangle in the category of motives with modulus (Theorem 1.2). We can understand this Gysin triangle as a motivic lift of the Gysin triangle of log-crystalline cohomology due to Nakkajima and Shiho. After that we compare motives with modulus and Voevodsky motives (Corollary 1.6). The corollary implies that an object in$\operatorname {\mathbf {MDM}^{\operatorname {eff}}}$decomposes into ap-torsion part and a Voevodsky motive part. We can understand the corollary as a motivic analogue of the relationship between rigid cohomology and log-crystalline cohomology.
Design and implementation of compact tri- and quad-band SIW power divider using modified circular complementary split-ring resonators
Authors: Duraisamy Tharani , Kamakshy Selvajyothi , Sholampettai Subramanian Karthikeyan , Barik Rusan Kumar , Cheng Qingsha S.
Published: January 2022

This paper presents a miniaturized tri- and quad-band power divider (PD)based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW). By adopting different types of modified circular complementary split-ring resonators on the top surface of SIW, multiple passbands are generated propagating below the SIW cut-off frequency. The working principle is based on evanescent mode propagation that decreases the operating frequency of the PD and helps in the miniaturization of the proposed structure. The operating frequency of the proposed PD can be individually controlled by changing the dimensions of the resonator. To verify the proposed concept, a tri-band and a quad-band PD exhibiting 3 dB equal power division at 2.41/3.46/4.65 GHz and 2.42/3.78/4.74/5.8 GHz are designed using the full-wave simulator, validated through circuit model, fabricated and experimentally verified. The measured results agree well with the simulations. The proposed PDs have good performance in terms of reasonable insertion loss, isolation, minimum amplitude and phase imbalance, smaller footprint, easy fabrication and integration. The size of the fabricated prototype is 18.3 mm × 8.4 mm, which corresponds to 0.205λg × 0.094λg, λg being the guided wavelength at the first operating frequency.
The Goldilocks Zone in Cooling Demand: What Can We Do Better?
Authors: Maia‐Silva Debora , Kumar Rohini , Nateghi Roshanak
Published: January 2022

The higher frequency and intensity of sustained heat events have increased the demand for cooling energy across the globe. Current estimates of summer‐time energy demand are primarily based on Cooling Degree Days (CDD), representing the number of degrees a day's average temperature exceeds a predetermined comfort zone temperature. Through a comprehensive analysis of the historical energy demand data across the USA, we show that the commonly used CDD estimates fall significantly short (±25%) of capturing regional thermal comfort levels. Moreover, given the increasingly compelling evidence that air temperature alone is not sufficient for characterizing human thermal comfort, we extend the widely used CDD calculation to heat index, which accounts for both air temperature and humidity. Our results indicate significant mis‐estimation of regional thermal comfort when humidity is ignored. Our findings have significant implications for the security, sustainability, and resilience of the grid under climate change.
The Impact of Assimilating COSMIC‐2 Observations of Electron Density in WACCMX
Authors: Pedatella N. M. , Anderson J. L.
Published: January 2022

The present study investigates the impact of assimilating electron density profiles from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate‐2 (COSMIC‐2) mission in a whole atmosphere data assimilation system. The observations are assimilated into the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere‐ionosphere eXtension (WACCMX) using the Data Assimilation Research Testbed (DART) ensemble adjustment Kalman filter. Assimilation of the COSMIC‐2 electron density profiles during the evaluation time period of 25–30 April 2020 leads to improvement in both the 1 hr forecast and analysis electron densities in WACCMX + DART. Compared to a control experiment that does not assimilate COSMIC‐2 observations, the assimilation of the COSMIC‐2 electron density profiles reduces the 1 hr forecast root mean square error (RMSE) and bias with respect to COSMIC‐2 observations at 300 km by 6.76% and 24.91%, respectively. Assimilation of the COSMIC‐2 electron density profiles does not significantly influence the RMSE and bias with respect to ground‐based Global Navigation Satellite System vertical total electron content observations. The equatorial vertical plasma drift velocity in WACCMX + DART is changed by ±5–10 ms−1 due to the assimilation of the COSMIC‐2 electron density profiles, indicating that the model representation of the electrodynamics of the low latitude ionosphere are significantly impacted by the assimilation of COSMIC‐2 observations.
Strong Upper‐Plate Heterogeneity at the Hikurangi Subduction Margin (North Island, New Zealand) Imaged by Adjoint Tomography
Authors: Chow Bryant , Kaneko Yoshihiro , Tape Carl , Modrak Ryan , Mortimer Nick , Bannister Stephen , Townend John
Published: January 2022

We use earthquake‐based adjoint tomography to invert for three‐dimensional structure of the North Island, New Zealand, and the adjacent Hikurangi subduction zone. The study area, having a shallow depth to the plate interface below the North Island, offers a rare opportunity for imaging material properties at an active subduction zone using land‐based measurements. Starting from an initial model derived using ray tomography, we perform iterative model updates using spectral element and adjoint simulations to fit waveforms with periods ranging from 4–30 s. We perform 28 model updates using an L‐BFGS optimization algorithm, improving data fit and introducing P‐ and S‐wave velocity changes of up to ±30%. Resolution analysis using point spread functions show that our measurements are most sensitive to heterogeneities in the upper 30 km. The most striking velocity changes coincide with areas related to the active Hikurangi subduction zone. Lateral velocity structures in the upper 5 km correlate well with New Zealand geology. The inversion reveals increased along‐strike heterogeneity on the margin. In Cook Strait we observe a low‐velocity zone interpreted as deep sedimentary basins. In the central North Island, low‐velocity anomalies are linked to surface geology, and we relate velocity structures at depth to crustal magmatic activity below the Taupō Volcanic Zone. Our velocity model provides more accurate synthetic seismograms with respect to the initial model, better constrains small (50 km), shallow (15 km) and near‐offshore velocity structures, and improves our understanding of volcanic and tectonic structures related to the active Hikurangi subduction zone.
Solar Rotation Effects in Martian Thermospheric Density as Revealed by Five Years of MAVEN Observations
Authors: Hughes Joseph , Gasperini Federico , Forbes Jeffrey M.
Published: January 2022

The quasi‐periodic 27‐day solar rotation variation in extreme ultraviolet radiation represents the most prominent source of short‐term (40‐day) solar‐driven variability in Mars' thermosphere (ca. 125–250 km). Despite recent advances in our understanding of solar‐driven variations in Mars' thermosphere density and composition associated with solar flares, orbital eccentricity, and solar cycle afforded by new Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) observations, relatively little is known about this response to short‐term periodic solar flux variability. This work presents a detailed investigation of the solar rotation effects on the whole Martian thermosphere by applying correlation analysis techniques to over five years of coincident MAVEN Neutral Gas and Ion Spectrometer and Extreme Ultraviolet Monitor observations. Least squares methods are used to estimate the response of , Ar, and densities to the quasi‐27‐day solar rotation variability over the 0–7 nm, 17–22 nm, 0–45 nm, and 117–125 nm spectral bands. Results clearly reveal the presence of prominent solar rotation effects in the Martian thermosphere density for all species, irradiance bands, and altitudes. These effects are strongest at higher altitudes (200–250 km), while the dependence of the slope on solar zenith angle depends on the species, with having a higher slope on the nightside, Ar having a higher slope on the dayside, and having a different behavior depending on altitude.
Bluecat: A Local Uncertainty Estimator for Deterministic Simulations and Predictions
Authors: Koutsoyiannis D. , Montanari A.
Published: January 2022

We present a new method for simulating and predicting hydrologic variables with uncertainty assessment and provide example applications to river flows. The method is identified with the acronym “Bluecat” and is based on the use of a deterministic model which is subsequently converted to a stochastic formulation. The latter provides an adjustment on statistical basis of the deterministic prediction along with its confidence limits. The distinguishing features of the proposed approach are the ability to infer the probability distribution of the prediction without requiring strong hypotheses on the statistical characterization of the prediction error (e.g., normality, homoscedasticity), and its transparent and intuitive use of the observations. Bluecat makes use of a rigorous theory to estimate the probability distribution of the predictand conditioned by the deterministic model output, by inferring the conditional statistics of observations. Therefore Bluecat bridges the gaps between deterministic (possibly physically based, or deep learning‐based) and stochastic models, as well as between rigorous theory and transparent use of data with an innovative and user oriented approach. We present two examples of application to the case studies of the Arno river at Subbiano and Sieve river at Fornacina. The results confirm the distinguishing features of the method along with its technical soundness. We provide an open software working in the R environment, along with help facilities and detailed instructions to reproduce the case studies presented here.
Systematic review of the changes in the microbiome following spinal cord injury: animal and human evidence
Authors: Valido Ezra , Bertolo Alessandro , Fränkl Gion Philip , Itodo Oche Adam , Pinheiro Tainá , Pannek Jürgen , Kopp-Heim Doris , Glisic Marija , Stoyanov Jivko
Published: January 2022

Study design

Systematic review.

Objectives

To investigate the changes in the microbiome among human and animal populations with spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods

Four databases (EMBASE, Medline (Ovid), Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Trials (CENTRAL)) and Google Scholar were searched. No language restrictions were applied. Data extraction was done in parallel and independently by two reviewers. The search was last conducted on 07 April 2021.

Results

There were 6869 studies retrieved, 43 full-text studies reviewed, and 19 studies included. There were seven animal gut studies, six human gut studies, and six urinary tract studies identified. There were no publications found on other body sites. Among the included studies, we observed a consistent and significant difference in gut microbiome composition between populations with SCI and able-bodied populations. This is characterized by a decrease in beneficial butyrate-producing bacteria (Faecalbacterium, Megamonas, Roseburia) and an increase in inflammation-associated bacteria (Alistipes, Anaerotruncus, and Lachnoclostridium). On the other hand, the urine of individuals with SCI was polymicrobial and members of Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae) were frequently observed. Probiotics were shown to induce a significant but transient shift in the urinary tract microbiome. The studies had low to moderate risks of bias.

Conclusions

There are limited studies on the changes in microbiome among SCI populations. The gut microbiome was characterized by bacterial profiles associated with chronic inflammation and metabolic disorder while the studies of the urinary tract microbiome show the dominance of bacterial genera associated with urinary tract infection.
Amelioration of Alzheimer’s disease pathology by mitophagy inducers identified via machine learning and a cross-species workflow
Authors: Xie Chenglong , Zhuang Xu-Xu , Niu Zhangming , Ai Ruixue , Lautrup Sofie , Zheng Shuangjia , Jiang Yinghui , Han Ruiyu , Gupta Tanima Sen , Cao Shuqin , Lagartos-Donate Maria Jose , Cai Cui-Zan , Xie Li-Ming , Caponio Domenica , Wang Wen-Wen , Schmauck-Medina Tomas , Zhang Jianying , Wang He-ling , Lou Guofeng , Xiao Xianglu , Zheng Wenhua , Palikaras Konstantinos , Yang Guang , Caldwell Kim A. , Caldwell Guy A. , Shen Han-Ming , Nilsen Hilde , Lu Jia-Hong , Fang Evandro F.
Published: January 2022

A reduced removal of dysfunctional mitochondria is common to aging and age-related neurodegenerative pathologies such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Strategies for treating such impaired mitophagy would benefit from the identification of mitophagy modulators. Here we report the combined use of unsupervised machine learning (involving vector representations of molecular structures, pharmacophore fingerprinting and conformer fingerprinting) and a cross-species approach for the screening and experimental validation of new mitophagy-inducing compounds. From a library of naturally occurring compounds, the workflow allowed us to identify 18 small molecules, and among them two potent mitophagy inducers (Kaempferol and Rhapontigenin). In nematode and rodent models of AD, we show that both mitophagy inducers increased the survival and functionality of glutamatergic and cholinergic neurons, abrogated amyloid-β and tau pathologies, and improved the animals’ memory. Our findings suggest the existence of a conserved mechanism of memory loss across the AD models, this mechanism being mediated by defective mitophagy. The computational–experimental screening and validation workflow might help uncover potent mitophagy modulators that stimulate neuronal health and brain homeostasis.
Structural insights into inhibitor regulation of the DNA repair protein DNA-PKcs
Authors: Liang Shikang , Thomas Sherine E. , Chaplin Amanda K. , Hardwick Steven W. , Chirgadze Dimitri Y. , Blundell Tom L.
Published: January 2022

The DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) has a central role in non-homologous end joining, one of the two main pathways that detect and repair DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in humans1,2. DNA-PKcs is of great importance in repairing pathological DSBs, making DNA-PKcs inhibitors attractive therapeutic agents for cancer in combination with DSB-inducing radiotherapy and chemotherapy3. Many of the selective inhibitors of DNA-PKcs that have been developed exhibit potential as treatment for various cancers4. Here we report cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of human DNA-PKcs natively purified from HeLa cell nuclear extracts, in complex with adenosine-5′-(γ-thio)-triphosphate (ATPγS) and four inhibitors (wortmannin, NU7441, AZD7648 and M3814), including drug candidates undergoing clinical trials. The structures reveal molecular details of ATP binding at the active site before catalysis and provide insights into the modes of action and specificities of the competitive inhibitors. Of note, binding of the ligands causes movement of the PIKK regulatory domain (PRD), revealing a connection between the p-loop and PRD conformations. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and cryo-EM studies on the DNA-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme further show that ligand binding does not have a negative allosteric or inhibitory effect on assembly of the holoenzyme complex and that inhibitors function through direct competition with ATP. Overall, the structures described in this study should greatly assist future efforts in rational drug design targeting DNA-PKcs, demonstrating the potential of cryo-EM in structure-guided drug development for large and challenging targets.
No effect of different types of media on well-being
Authors: Johannes Niklas , Dienlin Tobias , Bakhshi Hasan , Przybylski Andrew K.
Published: January 2022

It is often assumed that traditional forms of media such as books enhance well-being, whereas new media do not. However, we lack evidence for such claims and media research is mainly focused on how much time people spend with a medium, but not whether someone used a medium or not. We explored the effect of media use during one week on well-being at the end of the week, differentiating time spent with a medium and use versus nonuse, over a wide range of different media types: music, TV, films, video games, (e-)books, (digital) magazines, and audiobooks. Results from a six-week longitudinal study representative of the UK population 16 years and older (N = 2159) showed that effects were generally small; between-person relations but rarely within-person effects; mostly for use versus nonuse and not time spent with a medium; and on affective well-being, not life satisfaction.
Prediction of intermediate band in Ti/V doped γ-In2S3
Authors: Jebasty R. Mariyal , Sjåstad Anja Olafsen , Vidya R.
Published: January 2022

We find the band structure of In1.5V0.5S3with HSE functional, where the vanadium atom introduces an intermediate band inside the forbidden gap in the γ-phase of In2S3.
An overview on nanostructure-modified supported liquid membranes for the electromembrane extraction method
Authors: Hoseininezhad-Namin Mir Saleh , Rahimpour Elaheh , Ozkan Sibel Aysil , Jouyban Abolghasem
Published: January 2022

The efficiency of electromembrane extraction can be improved by modification of supported liquid membrane with various nanomaterials.
Rapid colorimetric discrimination of cyanide ions – mechanistic insights and applications
Authors: Kathiravan Arunkumar , Sengottiyan Selvaraj , Puzyn Tomasz , Gopinath Pushparathinam , Ramasubramanian Kanagachidambaresan , Susila Praveen Ayyappan , Jhonsi Mariadoss Asha
Published: January 2022

This work successfully demonstrated an intramolecular charge transfer-based colorimetric probe for the rapid naked-eye detection of cyanide ions in solution as well as in spiked-samples.
Treatment of kidney clear cell carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma and glioblastoma cell lines with hydrogels made of DNA nanostars
Authors: Leo Manuela , Lattuada Enrico , Caprara Debora , Salvatori Luisa , Vecchione Andrea , Sciortino Francesco , Filetici Patrizia , Stoppacciaro Antonella
Published: January 2022

Can DNA-GELs made of DNA nanostars help with the treatment of tumor cell lines?
Recent advances and perspectives of 3D printed micro-supercapacitors: from design to smart integrated devices
Authors: Zong Wei , Ouyang Yue , Miao Yue-E. , Liu Tianxi , Lai Feili
Published: January 2022

Considering these aspects, MH-MSCs composed of a supercapacitor-type electrode and a battery-type electrode can combine the merits of supercapacitors and batteries, which are well recognized as a practical species of EES devices to achieve high energy density without loss of power density and cycle life.
Reaction-based fluorescent and chemiluminescent probes for formaldehyde detection and imaging
Authors: Huang Shumei , Li Zejun , Liu Minghui , Zhou Mengjiao , Weng Jintao , He Yong , Jiang Yin , Zhang Huatang , Sun Hongyan
Published: January 2022

The major developments of fluorescent and chemiluminescent formaldehyde probes have been summarized in this highlight.
Vapor-triggered reversible crystal transformation of a nickel-based magnetic molecular switch
Authors: Xue Shufang , Solre Gideon F. B. , Wang Xiaoqin , Wang Liang , Guo Yunnan
Published: January 2022

Vapor-triggered crystal-to-crystal transformation between a discrete trinuclear complex [Ni3(sih)2(py)8] and a two-dimensional (2D) coordination polymer [Ni3(sih)2(py)2]n·2DMF·2H2O was demonstrated, showing a solid-state coordination-induced spin state switch behavior.
Toroidal versus centripetal arrangement of the magnetic moment in a Dy4 tetrahedron
Authors: Yang Qianqian , Ungur Liviu , Chibotaru Liviu F. , Tang Jinkui
Published: January 2022

A μ4–O bridged Dy4 tetrahedron shows a diamagnetic ground state originating from the toroidal arrangement of the magnetic moment rather than the centripetal anisotropies, as revealed by ab initio calculations.
Photochemical hydrogen production based on the HCOOH/CO2 cycle promoted by a pentanuclear cobalt complex
Authors: Akai Takuya , Kondo Mio , Saga Yutaka , Masaoka Shigeyuki
Published: January 2022

The first catalytic cycle for hydrogen production based on the photochemical two-electron reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) and the dehydrogenation of formic acid at ambient temperature was demonstrated using a pentanuclear cobalt complex (Co5).
Epitaxial coordination assembly of a semi-conductive silver-chalcogenide layer-based MOF
Authors: Gong Chun-Hua , Hu Xiao-Zong , Han Zhen , Liu Xiao-Fei , Yang Min-Zi , Zang Shuang-Quan
Published: January 2022

Using a carboxylic acid linker, this work achieved the epitaxially coordinated assembly of a semi-conductive Ag–S layer, with high thermal stability and an interesting temperature-dependent luminescence response.
A rapid in situ electrochemical transformation of the biphase Zn3(OH)2V2O7·2H2O/NH4V4O10 composite for high capacity and long cycling life aqueous rechargeable zinc ion batteries
Authors: Gu Yuanxiang , Zhang Lu , Li Di , Sheng Rui , Li Feng , Wang Lei
Published: January 2022

The Zn3(OH)2V2O7·2H2O/NH4V4O10 nanobelts transform into Zn3V2O7(OH)2-based materials by an in situ electrochemical conversion, which act as an active cathode for high capacity aqueous zinc ion batteries.
Comprehensive stoichiometric studies on the reaction of silicon in HF/HNO3 and HF/HNO3/H2SiF6 mixtures
Authors: Rietig Anja , Langner Thomas , Acker Jörg
Published: January 2022

A comprehensive study of all reaction products formed during the etching of Si in HF/HNO3 and HF/HNO3/H2SiF6 mixtures is presented. Covering a maximum of mixing possibilities, functional relationships to the composition of the etchant are established.
Elucidating the role of earth alkaline doping in perovskite-based methane dry reforming catalysts
Authors: Delir Kheyrollahi Nezhad Parastoo , Bekheet Maged F. , Bonmassar Nicolas , Gili Albert , Kamutzki Franz , Gurlo Aleksander , Doran Andrew , Schwarz Sabine , Bernardi Johannes , Praetz Sebastian , Niaei Aligholi , Farzi Ali , Penner Simon
Published: January 2022

To elucidate the role of earth alkaline doping in perovskite-based dry reforming of methane (DRM) catalysts, we embarked on a comparative and exemplary study of a Ni-based Sm perovskite with and without Sr doping.
Probing the morphological effects of ReOx/CeO2 catalysts on the CO2 hydrogenation reaction
Authors: Yang Bin , Wang Yifu , Li Longtai , Gao Biao , Zhang Lingxia , Guo Limin
Published: January 2022

The proposed reaction mechanism of different morphological CeO2 supported Re catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation.
Theoretical design of transition metal-doped TiO2 for the selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3 by DFT calculations
Authors: Zheng Huiling , Li Renjie , Zhong Chengming , Li Zhi , Kang Yikun , Deng Jianlin , Song Weiyu , Zhao Zhen
Published: January 2022

Descriptors representing the activity and N2 selectivity over transition metal-doped TiO2 are found for NH3-SCR. Doping metals affect the adjacent oxygen activity by the doping effect, electronic structure, and atomic size.
Corrosion inhibition in acidic environments: key interfacial insights with photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Kousar Kiran , Dowhyj Michael , Walczak Monika S. , Ljungdahl Thomas , Wetzel Alexander , Oskarsson Hans , Walton Alex S. , Restuccia Paolo , Harrison Nicholas M. , Lindsay Robert
Published: January 2022

XPS spectra demonstrate that the chemistry of well-inhibited carbon steel interfaces, formed through sorption of organic surface-actives, is acid dependent.
On the mechanism of calcium carbonate polymorph selection via confinement
Authors: Katsman Alexander , Polishchuk Iryna , Pokroy Boaz
Published: January 2022

This paper discusses possible mechanisms for polymorph selection during crystallization of CaCO3 in confinement.
Long-term exclusive enteral nutrition remodels the gut microbiota and alleviates TNBS-induced colitis in mice
Authors: Li Gengfeng , Wu Xiaohan , Gao Xiang , Lin Ritian , Chen Liang , Sun Mingming , Jia Junwan , Liu Zhanju , Fang Leilei , Wu Wei
Published: January 2022

Exclusive enteral nutrition regulation of the gut microbiota protects from TNBS-induced colitis.
Nanoporous membrane fabrication by nanoimprint lithography for nanoparticle sieving
Authors: Sabirova Ainur , Florica Camelia F. , Pisig Florencio , Syed Ahad , Buttner Ulrich , Li Xiang , Nunes Suzana P.
Published: January 2022

An isoporous membrane with strictly controlled pore size, shape and distribution could provide an efficient, precise and mild sieving of particles in nanotechnology and biomedical applications.
PdPtRu nanocages with tunable compositions for boosting the methanol oxidation reaction
Authors: Leng Zihan , Wu Xingqiao , Li Xiao , Li Junjie , Qian Ningkang , Ji Liang , Yang Deren , Zhang Hui
Published: January 2022

PdPtRu nanocages were generated by a seed-mediated approach in combination with chemical etching and exhibited substantially enhanced catalytic activity and stability for the MOR in acidic media relative to commercial Pt/C and PtRu/C.
GaAs nanowires on Si nanopillars: towards large scale, phase-engineered arrays
Authors: Güniat Lucas , Ghisalberti Lea , Wang Li , Dais Christian , Morgan Nicholas , Dede Didem , Kim Wonjong , Balgarkashi Akshay , Leran Jean-Baptiste , Minamisawa Renato , Solak Harun , Carter Craig , Fontcuberta i Morral Anna
Published: January 2022

Understanding key parameters for III–V nanowire growth on SiO2/Si nanopillars, and using them to grow large-scale arrays by phase-shift lithography and/or deep ultraviolet (DUV) stepper lithography.
Detection of phosphates in water utilizing a Eu3+-mediated relay mechanism
Authors: Farshbaf Sepideh , Dey Kaustav , Mochida Wakana , Kanakubo Masashi , Nishiyabu Ryuhei , Kubo Yuji , Anzenbacher Pavel
Published: January 2022

Fluorescent carboxyamidoquinolines form ensembles with Eu3+ that can be successfully leveraged in sensing of phosphates showing off–on fluorescence signaling.
Combustion-assisted green-synthesized magnesium-doped cadmium ferrite nanoparticles for multifunctional applications
Authors: G. Vishnu , Naik H. S. Bhojya , Viswanath R. , Kirthan B. R. , Nayak P. H. Amith , Bajiri Mohammed Abdullah
Published: January 2022

Magnesium-doped cadmium ferrite nanoparticles, MgXCd1−XFe2O4 (where, X = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1) were synthesized by a combustion method using curd as fuel.
From solo to duet, intersections of natural product assembly with self-resistance
Authors: Wu Linrui , Zhang Qian , Deng Zixin , Yu Yi
Published: January 2022

It has become a ‘received wisdom’ that there are universal links between natural product (NP) self-resistance and biosynthesis, which needs interpretation. This review highlights evidence of intersection between NP self-resistance and biosynthesis.
One-step synthesis of carbon-doped PPy nanoparticles interspersed in 3D porous melamine foam as a high-performance piezoresistive pressure, strain, and breath sensor
Authors: Veeralingam Sushmitha , Praveen Shanigaram , Vemula Manikanta , Badhulika Sushmee
Published: January 2022

Flexible and compressible piezoresistive pressure, strain, and breath sensor based on carbon-doped PPy nanoparticles interspersed in 3D porous melamine foam.
S-triggered Schmidt-type rearrangement of vinyl azides to access N-aryl-(trifluoromethylsulfinyl)acetamides
Authors: Liu Zhenhua , Yu Tian , Li Longhua , Fu Wei , Gan Xingxing , Chen Huimin , Gao Wen , Tang Bo
Published: January 2022

A novel S-induced Schmidt-type rearrangement of vinyl azides with CF3SO2Na is developed for synthesis of N-arylated 2-(trifluoromethylsulfinyl)acetamieds, which is mediated by triphosgene (BTC) under mild reaction conditions.
Efficient and selective removal of Pb(ii) from aqueous solution by a thioether-functionalized lignin-based magnetic adsorbent
Authors: Zhou Xuan , Liu Yunlong , Jin Can , Wu Guomin , Liu Guifeng , Kong Zhenwu
Published: January 2022

The effective and selective removal of heavy metal ions from sewage is a major challenge and is of great significance to the treatment and recovery of metal waste.
Research progress in self-oscillating polymer brushes
Authors: Zhang Bao-ying , Luo Hai-nan , Zhang Wei , Liu Yang
Published: January 2022

Polymer brushes possess unique changes in physical and chemical properties when they are exposed to external stimuli and have a wide range of applications.
Facile synthesis of Ni(OH)2 nanoarrays on graphene@carbon fabric as dual-functional electrochemical materials for supercapacitors and capacitive desalination
Authors: Liu Xin , Du Shi , Zuo Xiaofan , Zhang Xin , Jiang Yu
Published: January 2022

This work reported the synthesis of dual-functional electrode Ni(OH)2 nanoarrays on RGO@carbon fabric nanocomposites with hierarchical nanostructures. The electrode showed decent performance on both supercapacitor and CDI.
Real-time photovoltaic parameters assessment of carbon quantum dots showing strong blue emission
Authors: Surana Karan , Mehra R. M. , Soni Saurabh S. , Bhattacharya Bhaskar
Published: January 2022

Carbon QD showing bright blue fluorescence aid in improving the photovoltaic parameters in a co-sensitized solar cell. Time-dependent I–V analysis revealed the real-time functioning of the device.
Supported l-tryptophan on Fe3O4@SiO2 as an efficient and magnetically separable catalyst for one-pot construction of spiro[indene-2,2′-naphthalene]-4′-carbonitrile derivatives
Authors: Ghasemi-Ghahsareh Aref , Safaei-Ghomi Javad , Oboudatian Hourieh Sadat
Published: January 2022

l-Tryptophan functionalized silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles were prepared and evaluated as a magnetic nanocatalyst for the synthesis of spiro[indene-2,2′-naphthalene]-4′-carbonitrile derivatives through the one-pot four-component reaction.
Electrochemical detection of Cd(ii) ions in complex matrices with nanopipets
Authors: Ahmed Muzammil M. N. , Bodowara Faieza S. , Zhou Wendy , Penteado Juliana F. , Smeltz Jessica L. , Pathirathna Pavithra
Published: January 2022

A nanopipet electrochemical sensor was successfully utilized to detect free Cd(ll) ions in complicated matrices and real environmental water samples.
Boosting the catalytic behavior and stability of a gold catalyst with structure regulated by ceria
Authors: Luo Jingjie , Shan Fengxiang , Yang Sihan , Zhou Yixue , Liang Changhai
Published: January 2022

In this work, a series of colloidal gold nanoparticles with controllable sizes and CeO2 promotion were anchored on carbon nanotubes (CNT) for the aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol.
Phosphorylated cellulose paper as highly efficient adsorbent for cadmium heavy metal ion removal in aqueous solutions
Authors: Ablouh El-Houssaine , Kassab Zineb , Semlali Aouragh Hassani Fatima-zahra , El Achaby Mounir , Sehaqui Houssine
Published: January 2022

In search for more effective and eco-friendly adsorbent materials, this study comprehensively investigated Cd2+ adsorption onto phosphorylated cellulose paper (PCP).
Preparation, characterization and cell labelling of strong pH-controlled bicolor fluorescence carbonized polymer dots
Authors: Liu Zengchen , Wang Like , Wang Baodui , Chen Yahong , Tian Fengshou , Xue Yingying , Li Yanxia , Zhu Wenping , Yang Weijie
Published: January 2022

Multicolor fluorescence N-doped CPDs from dextrin water solution in strong acidic and alkaline environments were synthesized and characterized, which revealed that pH value plays a vital role in the process of CPD growth.
Investigation of the microbial community structure and diversity in the environment surrounding a veterinary antibiotic production factory
Authors: Miao Junjie , Yin Zhendong , Yang Yuqin , Liang Yiwen , Shi Hongmei , Xu Xiangdong
Published: January 2022

The wastewater discharged from the veterinary antibiotic production factory, due to its antibiotic composition, partly affects the microbial community and distribution in the surrounding environment.
Photocatalytic dye degradation and photoexcited anti-microbial activities of green zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesizedvia Sargassum muticumextracts
Authors: Subramanian Harinee , Krishnan Muthukumar , Mahalingam Ashok
Published: January 2022

Drug-resistant superbugs (DRS) were isolated from hospital sewage waste and confirmed by a 16S rDNA molecular technique asB. filamentosus,B. flexus,P. stutzeri, andA. baumannii.