bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Photoinitiator and Light-Curing Source on Bond Strength of Experimental Resin Cements to Dentin
Authors: Segreto Dario Raimundo , Naufel Fabiana Scarparo , Brandt William Cunha , Guiraldo Ricardo Danil , Correr-Sobrinho Lourenço , Sinhoreti Mário Alexandre Coelho
Published: March 2016

Abstract This study evaluated the bond strength (BS) of experimental resin cements formulated with different photoinitiators when activated by two kinds of light-curing units (LCUs) through a ceramic material. Seven resin blends with different camphorquinone (CQ) and/or phenylpropanedione (PPD) concentrations (weight) were prepared: C5: 0.5% CQ; C8: 0.8% CQ; P5: 0.5% PPD; P8: 0.8% PPD; C1P4: 0.1% CQ and 0.4% PPD; C4P1: 0.4% CQ and 0.1% PPD; C4P4: 0.4% CQ and 0.4% PPD. Two LCUs were used: one quartz-tungsten-halogen (QTH - 850 mW/cm²) and one light-emitting diode (LED - 1300 mW/cm²). The microtensile bond strength of each blend was assessed. Data were submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). The BS values did not exhibit significant differences for LCUs, regardless of the photoinitiator type. Three cements showed significant differences: P5 and C5 had higher BS with QTH, and C4P1 with LED. For QTH, P5 showed the highest and C1P4 the lowest BS. For the LED, C4P1 showed the highest BS of all the cements. The results indicated that PPD was a viable alternative in the formulation of photocured resin cements, reducing or eliminating CQ that is yellowish without impairing the bond strength. Furthermore, both LED and QTH were effective in curing resin cements that contain PPD or CQ.
New Technologies to Improve Root Canal Disinfection
Authors: Plotino Gianluca , Cortese Teresa , Grande Nicola M. , Leonardi Denise P. , Di Giorgio Gianni , Testarelli Luca , Gambarini Gianluca
Published: March 2016

Abstract Effective irrigant delivery and agitation are prerequisites to promote root canal disinfection and debris removal and improve successful endodontic treatment. This paper presents an overview of the currently available technologies to improve the cleaning of the endodontic space and their debridement efficacy. A PubMed electronic search was conducted with appropriate key words to identify the relevant literature on this topic. After retrieving the full-text articles, all the articles were reviewed and the most appropriate were included in this review. Several different systems of mechanical activation of irrigants to improve endodontic disinfection were analysed: manual agitation with gutta-percha cones, endodontic instruments or special brushes, vibrating systems activated by low-speed hand-pieces or by sonic or subsonic energy, use of ultrasonic or laser energy to mechanically activate the irrigants and apical negative pressure irrigation systems. Furthermore, this review aims to describe systems designed to improve the intracanal bacterial decontamination by a specific chemical action, such as ozone, direct laser action or light-activated disinfection. The ultrasonic activation of root canal irrigants and of sodium hypochlorite in particular still remains the gold standard to which all other systems of mechanical agitation analyzed in this article were compared. From this overview, it is evident that the use of different irrigation systems can provide several advantages in the clinical endodontic outcome and that integration of new technologies, coupled with enhanced techniques and materials, may help everyday clinical practice.
Bioactivity of microencapsulated soursop seeds extract on Plutella xylostella
Authors: Gomes Ismael Barros , Trindade Roseane Cristina Predes , Sant'Ana Antônio Euzébio Goulart , Lemos Eurico Eduardo Pinto de , Basílio Júnior Irinaldo Diniz
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioactivity of microencapsulated extract from the soursop seeds, Annona muricata L. ( Annonaceae ), on diamondback moth, Plutella xylostela L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae ). Microencapsulation was performed in a Mini Spray Dryer model B-290 using 50mL of ethanolic and hexanic extracts plus 150mL of ethanol and 150mL of ultrapure water, mixed with aerosil (first polymer) or arabic gum (second polymer). It was possible to microencapsulate the ethanolic extract of soursop seeds only by using the polymer arabic gum at 20%. The microencapsulated extract caused significant acute toxicity (LC50=258mg L-1) and chronic effects, especially reduction of larval viability and increased larval stage. We concluded that the microencapsulation of the ethanolic extract of soursop seeds can be a viable alternative for controlling diamondback moth with possible gains for the environment.
Forage yield, rate of CO 2 assimilation, and quality of temperate annual forage species grown under artificial shading conditions
Authors: Soares André Brugnara , Bernardon Angela , Aiolfi Ricardo Beffart
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT: In this study, it was evaluated the effect of shade on forage yield, rate of CO2 assimilation, and the quality of annual ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum L.) cv. 'BRS Ponteio' and black oat ( Avena strigosa Schreb) cv. 'IAPAR 61', grown under three shading conditions (0%, 25%, and 50% shade) using slatted wooden structures. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications. Slatted structures were efficient in simulating the proposed shading conditions. Shading plants significantly decreased forage yield and CO2 assimilation by both species. Ryegrass cv. 'BRS Ponteio' performed better under shade, with higher forage production under all shading conditions. Rate of CO2 assimilation was reduced by 13 and 22 percentage points compared to the same species grown in the open field (0% shade), under 25% and 50% shade, respectively. These shading conditions did not affect crude protein (CP) content, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentration, or the leaf:stem (L:S) ratio compared to those grown in the open field. Between the species evaluated, ryegrass had the greatest potential for use as forage in a silvopastoral system.
Kluyveromyces lactis β-galactosidase immobilization in calcium alginate spheres and gelatin for hydrolysis of cheese whey lactose
Authors: Mörschbächer Ana Paula , Volpato Giandra , Souza Claucia Fernanda Volken de
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT: One of the greatest challenges for dairy industries is the correct destination of all the whey generated during cheese making, considering its high impact, the large volume created, and its technological potential. Enzymatic hydrolysis of cheese whey lactose is a biotechnological alternative. However, one of the limiting factors of its use is the relatively high cost of the enzymes, which could be lowered with the immobilization of these biocatalysts. Considering this context, the objective of this research was to evaluate the commercial Kluyveromyces lactis β-galactosidase enzyme immobilized in calcium alginate spheres and gelatin, using glutaraldehyde and concanavalin A (ConA) as modifying agents in the hydrolysis of cheese whey lactose process. Results have shown that the enzyme encapsulation complexed with ConA in alginate-gelatin spheres, without glutaraldehyde in the immobilization support, has significantly increased the hydrolysis of lactose rate, achieving a maximum conversion of 72%.
COMUNICAÇÃO E SEGURANÇA DO PACIENTE NA PASSAGEM DE PLANTÃO EM UNIDADES DE CUIDADOS INTENSIVOS NEONATAIS
Authors: Gonçalves Mariana Itamaro , Rocha Patrícia Kuerten , Anders Jane Cristina , Kusahara Denise Miyuki , Tomazoni Andréia
Published: March 2016

Estudo quantitativo, descritivo-exploratório, com objetivo de identificar fatores relacionados à segurança do paciente quanto à comunicação no processo de passagem de plantão das equipes de enfermagem. Realizado entre abril e maio de 2012, com 70 profissionais de enfermagem de três unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatais, através de instrumento validado sobre passagem de plantão. Para análise dos dados, utilizaram-se os testes Qui-Quadrado e t-Student. Os resultados demonstraram que os fatores que podem comprometer a segurança do paciente durante a passagem de plantão devido à interrupção e, assim, causando possível perda de importantes informações para a assistência segura, foram atrasos, saídas antecipadas, realização de cuidados e conversas paralelas. Os enfermeiros possuíam melhor percepção desses fatores, e profissionais com menor tempo de formação referiram mais informações relacionadas à "condição clínica do paciente", "medicações" e "cuidados gerais/procedimentos", não sendo uma condição comum a todos. Portanto, há indicativos de comunicação segura, tornando-se necessários treinamentos e protocolos específicos.
Adolescents and Facebook: Narcissus without (an) echo
Authors: Petit Laetitia , Boisseuil Anne , Iffli Sandie
Published: March 2016

After discussing the reasons for Facebook’s popularity among adolescents, we proceed by analyzing the different types of superego and their structure during the great psychic upheaval of this developmental period. The prevalent use of the logic of orality and anality by Facebook causes regression in adolescents and may provoke a de-eroticization or even a desexualization of the Oedipal superego. This puts the cultural and the archaic superegos to the forefront, which may ultimately result in complete avoidance of sexuality, as it is experienced as dangerous. All of these factors may threaten the structuring capacity of the categories of lack and desire.
O espelho partido de Oscar Wilde
Authors: Vieira Marcus Rodrigues Jacobina , Cintra Elisa Maria de Ulhôa
Published: March 2016

Este artigo tece algumas considerações a respeito dos processos de luto e melancolia, dos desafios que surgem à elaboração de lutos e perdas. Foi inspirado na teoria psicanalítica e na leitura de alguns aspectos da vida de Oscar Wilde extraídos de sua biografia, escrita por Daniel Salvatore Schiffer, para iluminar a mesma problemática de inibição do luto, conduzindo à melancolia e ao empobrecimento da criatividade.
Comparative morphology of the type-species of Isotes and Synbrotica(Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae), with a new synonymy of species
Authors: Rodrigues Juliana M. S. , Mermudes José Ricardo M.
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT In order to solve the affinities of the species of Isotes Weise, 1922, a detailed morphological comparative study was carried out based on type-species of Isotes and its junior synonym,Synbrotica Bechyné, 1956. Isotes tetraspilota (Baly, 1865) and Isotes borrei (Baly, 1889) had their morphology of mouthparts, endosternites, wings and both male and female genitalia compared by the first time. A new synonymy is established between Isotes borrei (Baly, 1889) and Isotes crucigera (Weise, 1916) syn. nov. based on external and genitalia morphology. New structures for Section Diabroticites Chapuis, 1875 are presented and discussed.
Thermal comfort index, physiological variables and performance of quails fed with protein reduction
Authors: Rodrigues Ladyanne R. , Furtado Dermeval A. , Costa Fernando G. P. , Nascimento José W. B. do , Cardoso Evaldo de A.
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the effects of environment and electrolyte balance on environmental, physiological and productive indices of Japanese quails. For the experiment, 288 quails were distributed in a randomized block design with six treatments and six replicates of eight birds per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of one basal feed with 20.0% of crude protein (CP) and the others with a reduction of 3.0% CP to achieve six electrolyte balance levels (166.54; 153.47; 139.63; 139.63; 117.13 and 166.49). As to the environment, there was an increase in air temperature and temperature-humidity index at the hottest hours of the day, causing discomfort to the birds, which increased respiratory rate, but with the maintenance of homeothermy. Differences were observed in feed consumption, water consumption, production, weight of eggs and mass of eggs, due to the electrolyte levels in the feed. For feed conversion, both per mass and per dozen of eggs, there was no statistical difference. The electrolyte balance and environmental indices at the hottest hours of the day did not affect quail production.
Assessing vaccine data recording in Brazil
Authors: Novaes Mario Lucio de Oliveira , Almeida Renan Moritz Varnier Rodrigues de , Bastos Ronaldo Rocha
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT: Objectives: Vaccines represent an important advancement for improving the general health of a population. The effective recording of vaccine data is a factor for the definition of its supply chain. This study investigated vaccine data recording relatively to data collected from vaccination rooms and data obtained from a government-developed Internet platform. Methods: The monthly recorded total number of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine (alone or in combination with the Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine) doses administered in a medium-sized city of the Southeast region of Brazil was collected for the period January/2006 through December/2010 from two sources: City level (directly from vaccination rooms, the study "gold standard"), and Federal level (from an Internet platform developed by the country government). Data from these sources were compared using descriptive statistics and the Percentage error. Results: The data values made available by the Internet platform differed from those obtained from the vaccination rooms, with a Percentage error relatively to the actual values in the range [-0.48; 0.39]. Concordant values were observed only in one among the sixty analyzed months (1.66%). Conclusions: A frequent and large difference between the number of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine doses administered in the two levels was detected.
Codificação e seleção automáticas das causas de morte: adaptação para o uso no Brasil do software Iris
Authors: Martins Renata Cristófani , Buchalla Cassia Maria
Published: March 2016

RESUMO: Objetivo: Elaborar um dicionário em Português a ser utilizado no software Iris e avaliar sua completitude para a codificação das causas de morte. Métodos: Em primeiro lugar, criou-se um dicionário de doenças e lesões e seus códigos da Classificação Estatística Internacional de Doenças e Problemas Relacionados à Saúde - décima revisão (CID-10). Este foi baseado em duas fontes: o arquivo eletrônico do volume 1 da CID-10 e os dados do Tesauro da Classificação Internacional de Atenção Primária. A seguir, uma amostra de Declaração de Óbito do Programa de Aprimoramento das Informações de Mortalidade no Município de São Paulo (PRO-AIM) foi codificada manualmente e pelo Iris versão V4.0.34, e as causas foram comparadas. Quando o Iris não conseguiu codificar as causas de morte, ajustes foram feitos no dicionário. Resultados: O Iris foi capaz de codificar todas as causas mencionadas em 94,4% das Declarações de Óbito. No entanto, a codificação direta, sem ajustes, foi feita em 50,6% dos casos. Entre as declarações que o software não conseguiu codificar completamente, 89,2% incluíam diagnóstico de causas externas (capítulo XX da CID-10). Esse grupo de causas foi o que mostrou menor concordância ao se comparar a codificação feita pelo Iris com a manual. Conclusão: O software teve um bom desempenho, mas mostra necessidade de ajustes e de desenvolvimento de seu dicionário. A questão das causas externas constitui um problema que os programadores do Iris estão resolvendo nas novas versões.
Consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e direção de veículos nas capitais brasileiras e no Distrito Federal, segundo dois inquéritos nacionais de saúde
Authors: Malta Deborah Carvalho , Bernal Regina Tomie Ivata , Mascarenhas Márcio Dênis Medeiros , Silva Marta Maria Alves da , Szwarcwald Celia Landman , Morais Neto Otaliba Libânio de
Published: March 2016

RESUMO: Objetivo Apresentar os resultados dos indicadores sobre consumo de álcool e direção para as capitais brasileiras obtidos em dois inquéritos populacionais realizados em 2013 no Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com dados da população adulta (≥ 18 anos) participante da Vigilância de Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (Vigitel) e da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS). Foram calculadas as prevalências para os indicadores de consumo de bebida alcoólica e direção veicular. Resultados: A proporção de motoristas adultos de carro ou moto que dirigiram logo depois de beber foi significativamente maior no sexo masculino (29,3% - Vigitel; 24,4% - PNS), entre jovens de 18 a 29 anos (31,6% - Vigitel; 24,1% - PNS) e entre os residentes das capitais da Região Centro-Oeste (33,7% - Vigitel; 28,3% - PNS). A proporção de adultos que referiram beber e dirigir foi maior no sexo masculino (9,4% - Vigitel; 7,4% - PNS), no grupo de 18 a 29 anos (7,1% - Vigitel; 4,5% - PNS) e entre os residentes das capitais da Região Centro-Oeste (7,9% - Vigitel; 6,1% - PNS). Conclusão: O estudo permitiu estimar a prevalência do hábito de dirigir após ingestão de bebida alcoólica entre motoristas e na população em geral e mostrou coerência entre os resultados dos dois inquéritos epidemiológicos de abrangência nacional.
Deflection test evaluation of different lots of the same nickel-titanium wire commercial brand
Authors: Neves Murilo Gaby , Lima Fabrício Viana Pereira , Gurgel Júlio de Araújo , Pinzan-Vercelino Célia Regina Maio , Rezende Fernanda Soares , Brandão Gustavo Antônio Martins
Published: March 2016

Introduction: The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the elastic properties of the load-deflection ratio of orthodontic wires of different lot numbers and the same commercial brand. Methods: A total of 40 nickel-titanium (NiTi) wire segments (Morelli OrtodontiaTM - Sorocaba, SP, Brazil), 0.016-in in diameter were used. Groups were sorted according to lot numbers (lots 1, 2, 3 and 4). 28-mm length segments from the straight portion (ends) of archwires were used. Deflection tests were performed in an EMIC universal testing machine with 5-N load cell at 1 mm/minute speed. Force at deactivation was recorded at 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 mm deflection. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare differences between group means. Results: When comparing the force of groups at the same deflection (3, 2 and 1 mm), during deactivation, no statistical differences were found. Conclusion: There are no changes in the elastic properties of different lots of the same commercial brand; thus, the use of different lots of the orthodontic wires used in this research does not compromise the final outcomes of the load-deflection ratio.
Judging orthodontic treatment complexity
Authors: Clijmans Maïté , Medhat Aly , Geest An De , Gastel Johannes van , Kellens Annelies , Fieuws Steffen , Willems Guy
Published: March 2016

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate possible relations between anticipated overall treatment complexity (AOTC) of an orthodontic case and malocclusion characteristics. Methods: Two groups of orthodontists (groups A and B) were asked to define perceived treatment complexity (PTC) of orthodontic cases based on 16 characteristics of malocclusion by means of a questionnaire. Each question was answered on a six-point ordinal scale, with one "not applicable" option (score 0). Group A was also asked to give the AOTC of the specific case on a five-point ordinal scale. The index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN) score of the specific cases as well as the malocclusion characteristics were assessed by one author. Results: There is a significant relationship between IOTN and AOTC (p < 0.0001), 22% of variability is explained by differences in IOTN. Adding objective characteristics of malocclusion to explain AOTC does not significantly increase the explained variability (p = 0.086). In judging interobserver agreement, a weighted Kappa of 0.60 for group A and 0.56 for group B was found. The weighted Kappa for agreement in AOTC equals 0.06. Conclusion: The relation between IOTN and AOTC was found to be significant. Moderate agreement on PTC among observers and a low level agreement regarding AOTC were found in the present study.
Controle de constitucionalidade no Brasil: eficácia das políticas de concentração e seletividade
Authors: Costa Alexandre Araújo , Carvalho Alexandre Douglas Zaidan de , Farias Felipe Justino de
Published: March 2016

Resumo Comumente, os estudos dedicados à centralização da jurisdição constitucional no Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) adotam, como fundamento, suposta ampliação da segurança jurídica e presumido ganho de eficácia em contexto de crescente demanda do Poder Judiciário. Comparando-se os discursos nos debates legislativos que alteraram o texto constitucional, expandindo os efeitos das decisões do STF, e os dados levantados pela pesquisa “A quem interessa o controle concentrado de constitucionalidade?”, analisou-se, neste artigo, a eficácia do aumento da concentração do controle no STF para a redução da litigiosidade e, consequentemente, da sobrecarga nessa corte. Observou-se que a ampliação dos poderes do STF na adjudicação constitucional, durante os últimos cinquenta anos, não resultou em diminuição da sobrecarga; contudo, as estratégias de seletividade, para reduzir os julgamentos de mérito, foram mais eficazes. Por outro lado, houve a estabilização do número de acórdãos proferidos, fato que refuta o reiterado argumento de inviabilização dos trabalhos do tribunal.
O uso de um instrumento de política de saúde pública controverso: a eutanásia de cães contaminados por leishmaniose no Brasil
Authors: Machado Carlos José Saldanha , Silva Erica Gaspar , Vilani Rodrigo Machado
Published: March 2016

Resumo A leishmaniose visceral é uma zoonose transmitida por vetor, de importância mundial, que envolve os cães como reservatórios. A "eliminação dos reserva tórios" está prevista expressamente como medida de controle no Manual de Vigilância e Controle da Leishmaniose Visceral elaborado pela Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, órgão do Ministério da Saúde. Contudo, a eliminação de cães soropositivos no Brasil, usada para controlar a leishmaniose vis ceral, tem sido pouco efetiva. Este trabalho levanta questionamentos sobre esse instrumento de política nacional de saúde pública com base em evidências científicas atuais e análises do ordenamento jurí dico brasileiro, realizadas a partir do princípio da precaução e do reconhecimento dos animais como seres sencientes. Conclui-se pela imediata suspen são e revisão da prática de extermínio animal em um Estado Constitucional de Direito, e a adoção de métodos preventivos e mais eficazes que garantam a saúde pública sem proporcionar elevados custos emocionais aos proprietários de cães e financeiros aos cofres públicos.
The biomedicalisation of illegal abortion: the double life of misoprostol in Brazil
Authors: Zordo Silvia De
Published: March 2016

Abstract This paper examines the double life of misoprostol in Brazil, where it is illegally used by women as an abortifacient and legally used in obstetric hospital wards. Based on my doctoral and post-doctoral anthropological research on contraception and abortion in Salvador, Bahia, this paper initially traces the “conversion” of misoprostol from a drug to treat ulcers to a self-administered abortifacient in Latin America, and its later conversion to aneclectic global obstetric tool. It then shows how, while reducing maternal mortality, its use as an illegal abortifacient has reinforced the double reproductive citizenship regime existing in countries with restrictive abortion laws and poor post-abortion care services, where poor women using it illegally are stigmatised, discriminated against and exposed to potentially severe health risks.
Translating genomics: cancer genetics, public health and the making of the (de)molecularised body in Cuba and Brazil
Authors: Gibbon Sahra
Published: March 2016

Abstract This article examines how cancer genetics has emerged as a focus for research and healthcare in Cuba and Brazil. Drawing on ethnographic research undertaken in community genetics clinics and cancer genetics services, the article examines how the knowledge and technologies associated with this novel area of healthcare are translated and put to work by researchers, health professionals, patients and their families in these two contexts. It illuminates the comparative similarities and differences in how cancer genetics is emerging in relation to transnational research priorities, the history and contemporary politics of public health and embodied vulnerability to cancer that reconfigures the scope and meaning of genomics as “personalised” medicine.
Cesárea, aperfeiçoando a técnica e normatizando a prática: uma análise do livro Obstetrícia, de Jorge de Rezende
Authors: Nakano Andreza Rodrigues , Bonan Claudia , Teixeira Luiz Antônio
Published: March 2016

Resumo Discute a apropriação e o desenvolvimento das técnicas de cesariana pelos médicos no Brasil, no século XX, analisando o capítulo “Operação cesariana”, de três edições do livro-texto Obstetrícia, de Jorge de Rezende. O protagonismo desse autor na obstetrícia criou disposições para a normalização da prática da cesárea. As redes de significados praticadas nessa comunidade científica abarcam uma “disposição para um sentir e para um agir” (Fleck) que balizam a cesárea como um parto “normal”: manifesta normas que excluem imprevisibilidade, descontrole, caos, perigos associados à fisiologia do parto, atendendo à exigência de controle, disciplinamento e segurança, atributos associados às práticas técnicas e tecnológicas da biomedicina.
Respiratory therapy: a problem among children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Feiten Taiane dos Santos , Flores Josani Silva , Farias Bruna Luciano , Rovedder Paula Maria Eidt , Camargo Eunice Gus , Dalcin Paulo de Tarso Roth , Ziegler Bruna
Published: March 2016

Objective : To evaluate the level of self-reported adherence to physical therapy recommendations in pediatric patients (6-17 years) with cystic fibrosis (CF) and to ascertain whether the different levels of adherence correlate with pulmonary function, clinical aspects, and quality of life. Methods : This was a cross-sectional study. The patients and their legal guardians completed a questionnaire regarding adherence to physical therapy recommendations and a CF quality of life questionnaire. We collected demographic, spirometric, and bacteriological data, as well as recording the frequency of hospitalizations and Shwachman-Kulczycki (S-K) clinical scores. Results : We included 66 patients in the study. Mean age, FEV1 (% of predicted), and BMI were 12.2 ± 3.2 years, 90 ± 24%, and 18.3 ± 2.5 kg/m2, respectively. The patients were divided into two groups: high-adherence (n = 39) and moderate/poor-adherence (n = 27). No statistically significant differences were found between the groups regarding age, gender, family income, and total S-K clinical scores. There were statistically significant differences between the high-adherence group and the moderate/poor-adherence group, the latter showing lower scores for the "radiological findings" domain of the S-K clinical score (p = 0.030), a greater number of hospitalizations (p = 0.004), and more days of hospitalization in the last year (p = 0.012), as well as lower scores for the quality of life questionnaire domains emotion (p = 0.002), physical (p = 0.019), treatment burden (p < 0.001), health perceptions (p = 0.036), social (p = 0.039), and respiratory (p = 0.048). Conclusions : Low self-reported adherence to physical therapy recommendations was associated with worse radiological findings, a greater number of hospitalizations, and decreased quality of life in pediatric CF patients.
Study on Campus Slang from the Perspective of Semiotics
Authors: Wang Yong
Published: March 2016

In recent years, campus slang has gradually gained the concerns of the scholars. Campus slang, as one language form on campus, has always been the subject of semantics, pragmatics and systemic-functional linguistics. The domestic and foreign scholars mostly focused on the description and explanation of the characteristics, development tendency and pragmatic effects of campus slang, but few has been done in the field of its characteristics from the perspective of semiotics. Considering the shortage of the previous studies on campus slang, attempts are made to use specific examples of campus slang as samples to complete the research system of campus slang by giving a broader view and re-interpreting the phenomenon of campus slang from the perspective of semiotics.
Bezpieczeństwo ekologiczne w Polsce na przykładzie gospodarowania wodami
Authors: Rosiek Ksymena
Published: March 2016

Termin bezpieczeństwo ekologiczne jest rozmaicie definiowany w różnych dziedzinach naukowych oraz w polityce, a ponadto funkcjonuje on również w obiegu społecznym i potocznym rozumieniu. W konstytucji z 1997 roku zapisano odpowiedzialność władz publicznych za zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa ekologicznego. W żadnym akcie prawnym nie zawarto jednak definicji tego terminu, co skutkuje z jednej strony silnymi konstytucyjnymi podstawami, a z drugiej pewną swobodą w interpretacji zakresu tego terminu w praktyce. Celem artykułu jest analiza podejścia i zmian zachodzących w obrębie bezpieczeństwa ekologicznego w Polsce, na podstawie dokumentów strategicznych, na przykładzie zmian w gospodarce wodnej. Analiza ta poprzedzona została głębszymi rozważaniami teoretycznymi związanymi z zakresem i definicją terminu bezpieczeństwo ekologiczne.
Disparity In The Superintendency
Authors: Munoz Ava J. , Mills Shirley J. , Pankake Anita , Whaley Sandra
Published: March 2016

This paper examines the career aspirations of female and male central office administrators and their reasons for or against pursuing a superintendency, in the Texas, K-12 public school arena. Information unique to seeking and attaining superintendencies by these central office administrators will be presented, to assist with illuminating gender specific commonalities and differences, between all of the superintendent aspirants, involved in the study. This study provides insight, as to why gender disparity persists in the office of the superintendency, despite the availability of similarly, talented female and male central office administrators who aspire to gain the position of superintendent.
Dimensions Of Entrepreneurial Activity: The Case Of Slovenia
Authors: Dimovski Vlado , Znidarsic Jana , Penger Sandra
Published: March 2016

Even though the Slovenian economic development policy is forcing the development of fast-growing enterprises, there is still a significant gap between the vision of highly-developed entrepreneurship and Slovenian entrepreneurial reality. Increasing rate of environmental change, technological complexity, globalization and many other challenges of modern economy are continuously forcing the developed countries to seek comparative advantages mainly in their human resources in the trained, educated, flexible and self-confident workforce. Well educated people, possessing entrepreneurial skills and characteristics are initiators of high-tech and dynamic entrepreneurship, which is without doubt the main factor of development. In spite of the fact that the Slovenian economic development policy is forcing the development of high-tech and knowledge-based enterprises, there is still the significant gap between the vision of highly-developed entrepreneurship and Slovenian entrepreneurial reality. Considering the fact, that Slovenia is still far away from ideal entrepreneurial society in which entrepreneurship is the way of life for the majority of its population, this paper discusses dimensions of entrepreneurial activity, the main obstacles of entrepreneurial activity in Slovenia and the following hypotheses: (1) Slovenia needs to expand its entrepreneurial activity, especially high-tech, knowledge-based and dynamic entrepreneurship to compete successfully on the European market, (2) entrepreneurial culture in Slovenia is rather low; the psychological profile of Slovenian entrepreneurs is closer to profile of employees than to dynamic entrepreneurs. As the entrepreneurial activity is a major feature showing the development of certain economy, the main aim of this study is to highlight the entrepreneurial activity in Slovenia and consequently to give suggestions for improving and developing current entrepreneurial situation. A vital task of the Slovenian entrepreneurial policy at the beginning of the 21st century is to set up a learning organization platform in small and medium enterprises, thus enabling their growth and sustainable comparative advantage. Moreover, the greatest challenge is to change the peoples attitudes - building entrepreneurial culture in striving to move Slovenian economy towards the knowledge-based society.
The Effect Of Brand Associations: A Field Study On Turkish Consumers
Authors: Ergin Elif Akagun , Ozdemir Handan , Ozsacmaci Bulent
Published: March 2016

Over the last decades, companies have significantly increased their investments in the creation and development of brands. The brand creates value for both the consumers and the company. Consumers brand associations are a key element in brand management. Managers are interested in both the intensity and the strength of brand associations. This paper studies whether different types of brand associations have an impact on the purchasing decisions of consumers. This study was carried out at six of the biggest shopping malls in Ankara, Turkey with the participation of 601 consumers between the ages of 15-35.
Creating SMART Supply Chain Scenarios Using SAP R/3
Authors: Ragan Joseph M. , McGettigan Patrick J. , Storms Michael R. , Rizman Brian
Published: March 2016

Pedagogical revisions to the undergraduate Haub School of Business curriculum at Saint Joseph's University employing the SAP R/3 system encompass the core accounting courses traversing the sophomore and junior years.  The entire accounting curriculum was overhauled in order to integrate SAP R/3.  Each course progressively builds upon and expands the knowledge base in the prior course(s).  Substantive pedagogical modifications have been integrated into the material delivered and methodologies utilized in selected sections of the required sophomore and junior accounting courses.  SAP supported material, created and modified by a student team, is delivered in the classroom using a team-oriented format within a business case context.  It is envisioned that the SAP material will seamlessly present accounting issues currently in the curriculum, while allowing the students to observe the capabilities of SAP R/3.  This paper discusses the design, implementation, and execution of collaborative supply chain business scenarios using SAP R/3 as the platform.  Its use within an undergraduate curriculum is assessed and evaluated.  Sample scenarios and a demonstration case are included.
Faculty Member Performance Evaluation And Salary Pricing Modeling For Lebanese Private Universities
Authors: Naimy Viviane Y.
Published: March 2016

The purpose of this paper is to present an objective evaluation model that can be applied on private Lebanese universities. A set of interrelated equations is established in order to reflect objectively the results of the faculty member’s performance evaluation. A simulation application is presented to illustrate the particularities of this model and its impact on the salary “pricing”.
Market Games In Finance Education
Authors: Foster F. Douglas , Gregor Shirley , Heaney Richard , O'Neill Terry , Richardson Alex , Wood Robert
Published: March 2016

An electronic share market trading game was introduced to a large first year undergraduate finance course to allow students to experience share market trading. The response from students was positive.  We surveyed a sample of 51 of the students in this class who undertook a further one-hour trading session as part of a separate research experiment.  These students rate the game as a valuable learning experience.  They suggest that their use of the game increased their understanding of share market and the way that prices are set.  While the study results cannot be generalised to all students in the course, the results suggest that there are benefits to be gained from including an electronic share market trading game as part of the course.
Teaching And Learning: Five Womens Stories Of Leadership In Higher Education
Authors: McKay Joane W. , Bacharach Nancy , Hasslen Robin , Heck Teresa W. , Holmgren Gayla
Published: March 2016

Women in leadership provide a different voice.  Five women’s stories of leadership in education are told.  From Deans to Department Chairs and Public School Administrators—all reflect on leadership journeys.
Administrative Growth At The University: A Case Study
Authors: Hoshower Leon B. , Kirch David
Published: March 2016

During the past two decades, the cost of higher education has increased at a higher rate than inflation.  Although this increase is small each year, the cumulative effect is great.  These increased costs are funded mainly through increased tuition and increased government support, either through subsidies to state funded universities or through government supported student loans, grants, work-study programs, and tax credits.  These subsidies are straining governmental budgets.  Many students are graduating with large debt burdens.  There is a rising fear among the working class that providing a college education for their children will be beyond their financial means. Thus, it is generally understood that the cost of a college education is rising faster than inflation and that these rising costs are creating a financial burden for both governments and individuals.  What is not generally understood is the source of these rising costs.  This study examined the financial records of a state supported, mid-western university with enrollment between 15,000 and 20,000 students, hereafter referred to as the University, over an eighteen-year period.  The study found that the rising cost of the University’s administration was the major source of the university’s cost increases.  This paper documents this finding and offers five possible explanations for these rising administrative costs.  The paper neither condemns nor justifies the rises in costs and it offers no suggestions for effectively decreasing administrative costs.  Diagnosis of the problem is the current topic of discussion, while possible solutions remain to be devised at a later date
A Comparison Of Two Learning Environments On Students Learning Of An Instructional Strategy
Authors: Willems Patricia P.
Published: March 2016

This study investigated the effects of two learning environments on education students’ learning of the reciprocal teaching instructional strategy.  Students were taught the strategy via two instructional approaches and their knowledge tested at the end of the session.   The results showed that overall the setting in which students’ learned the strategy in had effects on how they scored on the test at the end of the session.
Back To The Future A Joint Adventure For Addressing The Nursing Shortage
Authors: Lynd Mary Hysell , Zurmehly Joyce , Leadingham Camille , Minor Denise
Published: March 2016

One of the greatest challenges facing managers in the health care industry is the recurrent nursing shortage.  This paper presents a ‘Back to the Future’ innovative approach that addresses this issue.  The ‘Berger Project’, a joint venture between Berger Health Care System (BHCS) and a nursing education program at Ohio University-Chillicothe, began in spring 2003.  The venture incorporates a strategy that goes ‘BACK’in time by shifting the educational setting for nursing students from the traditional college campus to the health care organization campus which was a commonplace setting  ‘BACK’ in the 1940’s and 1950’s to resolve the nursing shortages--present and ‘FUTURE’.  The project will culminate with an evaluation process guided by comparative research studies of the nursing students in the traditional setting and those in the ‘Berger Project’ that investigate the differences in the level of critical thinking, empowerment and retention of the graduates of the two nursing programs.
Free Primary Education: Quality And Teachers Dilemma
Authors: Gathumbi Agnes W.
Published: March 2016

The current government’s overall goal within education remains to achieve Education for All (EFA) by 2015, with the top policy objectives being to ensure equitable access and improvement in quality and efficiency. In January 2003, the Kenya government made a significant step towards this vision by announcing Free Primary Education. While this was a laudable goal, it brought with it other problems. An additional 1.3 million children were enrolled in schools. The rapid increase in numbers has triggered widespread concern about the quality of education. This paper discusses the problems teachers have to grapple with, particularly in the absence of additional targeted resources to the education sector. The paper also makes recommendations.
Evaluating A Math Instructors Clarity: An Analysis Of Low-To-Moderate Items Versus A High Inference Item
Authors: Bradley Kelly D. , Bradley James W.
Published: March 2016

Instructors and students identify communication skills as being essential to successful classroom teaching and student learning. This study investigates the stability of student evaluations with respect to items related to instructor’s clarity. The majority of student evaluations completed at the end of a semester at the college level contain a question directly related to clarity. A pilot study was conducted which utilized four finite mathematics courses being taught by the same instructor. After assessing reliability and validity, a follow-up study was conducted utilizing four sections of introductory statistics employing the same design as the pilot. Ninety-four students completed some component of the researcher-constructed evaluation resulting in an overall 96% response rate. Seventy-one students completed the entire evaluation, allowing for a comparison between the high inference and the low-to-moderate inference items used to measure instructor’s clarity, resulting in a useable response rate of 72%. After a statistical transformation of the high inference item, descriptive statistics were produced for each type of item. Through a t-test, a statistically significant difference was found between the high and low-to-moderate clarity items. The difference between the types of clarity ratings was then analyzed via ANOVA techniques to explore differences by gender and expected course grade. Males tended to rate the instructor inconsistently, assigning lower ratings for the low-to-moderate inference items, while other ratings appear to demonstrate consistency.
The Big Paper Network Supporting Doctoral Students to Degree Completion
Authors: Lieberman Joyce M. , Dorsch Nina G.
Published: March 2016

Doctoral completion rates are a concern across disciplines.  This paper describes the way in which Curriculum Leadership faculty redesigned their doctoral program from coursework through completion to include a strong support system, intellectually and emotionally.  This culminated in the creation of the “Big Paper Network,” designed to support candidates from proposal writing through defense.
An Exploratory Analysis Of The Relationship Between Consumer Socialization Agents And Childrens Consumption Of Tobacco
Authors: Mansfield Phylis , Nixon Charisse , Thoms Peg
Published: March 2016

This paper expands the use of marketing-related research for the study of tobacco consumption by children, to include consumer socialization theory.  The relationships between three socialization factors, parental modeling, parental style of interaction, and parental communication, and a child’s intent to consume tobacco were explored.  In a sample of 5th and 8th grade students, significant relationships were found between the child’s intent to smoke and both parental modeling and parental style of interaction.
Can Cloze Tests Really Improve Second Language Learners Reading Comprehension Skills?
Authors: Ren Guanxin
Published: March 2016

Cloze testing is a widely-used procedure to test learners reading comprehension in learning a language, but little is known if it can really improve learners reading comprehension skills. This paper attempts to seek answers to this question by comparing the cloze test scores of two groups of students (Experimental versus Control) undertaking Chinese Second Language (CSL) and measuring their Z-score differences. The paper intends to find out if the Experimental Group which received one cloze test per week for a whole school term of 10-week duration could achieve better reading comprehension test results than the Control Group which received no extra cloze tests in between the first and last week of the term. The subjects were 26, Year 10 students aged between 14-15 years old from an independent K-12 boys school in Melbourne, Australia. They were randomly divided into two separate groups with identical proficiency level in CSL. The cloze tests selected for this study were from the textbook series entitled Boya Chinese-Elementary Start Vol.2 (Li, et al., 2005), which were appropriate to the proficiency level of the subjects. Data were collected in class after each cloze test. Analysis of the data was conducted at the inter-group level examining the standard deviation and Z-scores of each group. The study found that there was not much difference between the two groups. Implications for teaching reading in CSL were discussed, which could also apply to the teaching of reading in other Languages Other Than English (LOTE).
Taking A Pulse: Student-Athletes Descriptors For Their First Semester Of College
Authors: Higbee Jeanne L. , Schultz Jennifer L.
Published: March 2016

This paper summarizes the responses of 103 student-athletes enrolled in a first-year experience course when asked, What adjective best describes your first semester in college? Not surprisingly, the most frequent descriptors were busy, fun, stressful, and different. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of collecting this type of data as a form of early warning system.
O comportamento informacional no estágio curricular
Authors: Lage Sandra Regina Moitinho , Santana Patricia , Bartalo Linete , Araújo Carlos Alberto Ávila
Published: March 2016

Com o objetivo de investigar o comportamento informacional no desenvolvimento do estágio curricular obrigatório dos alunos de um curso de graduação em Biblioteconomia, realizou-se este estudo. Um questionário foi aplicado para 20 estagiários, investigando as suas necessidades de informação, as formas e as fontes em que buscam a informação e o uso que dela fazem. Dentre os principais resultados constatou-se que os participantes percebem a relação da teoria aprendida em sala de aula quando enfrentam situações no ambiente de estágio, e que este ambiente sempre possibilita a interação na troca de conhecimentos e experiências. A fonte de informação mais utilizada no desenvolvimento das atividades no estágio são os colegas de sala de aula. No entanto, a internet, livros, artigos e os professores merecem destaque. Para muitos participantes o estágio contribuiu de alguma forma, atendendo às expectativas para aquisição de novos conhecimentos e experiências práticas importantes.