bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of an Active New Mutator Transposable Element in Maize
Authors: Tan Bao-Cai , Chen Zongliang , Shen Yun , Zhang Yafeng , Lai Jinsheng , Sun Samuel S M
Published: December 2011

Robertson’s Mutator (Mu) system has been used in large scale mutagenesis in maize, exploiting its high mutation frequency, controllability, preferential insertion in genes, and independence of donor location. Eight Mutator elements have been fully characterized (Mu1, Mu2 /Mu1.7, Mu3, Mu4, Mu5, Mu6/7, Mu8, MuDR), and three are defined by TIR (Mu10, Mu11 and Mu12). The genome sequencing revealed a complex family of Mu-like-elements (MULEs) in the B73 genome. In this article, we report the identification of a new Mu element, named Mu13. Mu13 showed typical Mu characteristics by having a ∼220 bp TIR, creating a 9 bp target site duplication upon insertion, yet the internal sequence is completely different from previously identified Mu elements. Mu13 is not present in the B73 genome or a Zea mays subsp. parviglumis accession, but in W22 and several inbreds that found the Robertson’s Mutator line. Analysis of mutants isolated from the UniformMu mutagenic population indicated that the Mu13 element is active in transposition. Two novel insertions were found in expressed genes. To test other unknown Mu elements, we selected six new Mu elements from the B73 genome. Southern analysis indicated that most of these elements were present in the UniformMu lines. From these results, we conclude that Mu13 is a new and active Mu element that significantly contributed to the mutagenesis in the UniformMu population. The Robertson’s Mutator line may harbor other unknown active Mu elements.
Deciphering the Molecular Basis of Wine Yeast Fermentation Traits Using a Combined Genetic and Genomic Approach
Authors: Ambroset Chloé , Petit Maud , Brion Christian , Sanchez Isabelle , Delobel Pierre , Guérin Cyprien , Chiapello Hélène , Nicolas Pierre , Bigey Frédéric , Dequin Sylvie , Blondin Bruno
Published: December 2011

The genetic basis of the phenotypic diversity of yeast is still poorly understood. Wine yeast strains have specific abilities to grow and ferment under stressful conditions compared with other strains, but the genetic basis underlying these traits is unknown. Understanding how sequence variation influences such phenotypes is a major challenge to address adaptation mechanisms of wine yeast. We aimed to identify the genetic basis of fermentation traits and gain insight into their relationships with variations in gene expression among yeast strains. We combined fermentation trait QTL mapping and expression profiling of fermenting cells in a segregating population from a cross between a wine yeast derivative and a laboratory strain. We report the identification of QTL for various fermentation traits (fermentation rates, nitrogen utilization, metabolites production) as well as expression QTL (eQTL). We found that many transcripts mapped to several eQTL hotspots and that two of them overlapped with QTL for fermentation traits. A QTL controlling the maximal fermentation rate and nitrogen utilization overlapping with an eQTL hotspot was dissected. We functionally demonstrated that an allele of the ABZ1 gene, localized in the hotspot and involved in p-aminobenzoate biosynthesis, controls the fermentation rate through modulation of nitrogen utilization. Our data suggest that the laboratory strain harbors a defective ABZ1 allele, which triggers strong metabolic and physiological alterations responsible for the generation of the eQTL hotspot. They also suggest that a number of gene expression differences result from some alleles that trigger major physiological disturbances.
Mixed Model Association Mapping for Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in Tunisian-Derived Durum Wheat Populations
Authors: Ghavami Farhad , Elias Elias M , Mamidi Sujan , Ansari Omid , Sargolzaei Mehdi , Adhikari Tika , Mergoum Mohamed , Kianian Shahryar F
Published: December 2011

Sources of resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat are mostly restricted to Chinese hexaploid genotypes. The effort to incorporate the resistance from hexaploid wheat or wild relatives to cultivated durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum Desf.) have not been successful in providing resistance to the level of the donor parents. In this study, we used 171 BC1F6 and 169 BC1F7 lines derived from crossing of four Tunisian tetraploid sources of resistance (Tun7, Tun18, Tun34, Tun36) with durum cultivars ‘Ben,’ ‘Maier,’ ‘Lebsock,’ and ‘Mountrail’ for association studies. The Tun18 and Tun7 FHB resistances were found to be comparable to the best hexaploid wheat sources. A new significant QTL for FHB resistance was identified on the long arm of chromosome 5B (Qfhs.ndsu-5BL) with both association and classical QTL mapping analysis. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) blocks extending up to 40 cM were evident in these populations. The linear mixed model considering the structure (Q or P) and the kinship matrix (KT) estimated by restricted maximum likelihood (REML) was identified as the best for association studies in a mixture of wheat populations from a breeding program. The results of association mapping analysis also demonstrated a region on the short arm of chromosome 3B as potentially linked to FHB resistance. This region is in proximity of major FHB resistance gene fhb1 reported in hexaploid wheat. A possibility of having susceptibility or suppressor of resistance gene(s) on durum wheat chromosome 2A was further confirmed in this material, explaining the problem in developing resistant genotypes without counter selection against this region.
A Global Perspective of the Genetic Basis for Carbonyl Stress Resistance
Authors: Hoon Shawn , Gebbia Marinella , Costanzo Michael , Davis Ronald W , Giaever Guri , Nislow Corey
Published: December 2011

The accumulation of protein adducts caused by carbonyl stress (CS) is a hallmark of cellular aging and other diseases, yet the detailed cellular effects of this universal phenomena are poorly understood. An understanding of the global effects of CS will provide insight into disease mechanisms and can guide the development of therapeutics and lifestyle changes to ameliorate their effects. To identify cellular functions important for the response to carbonyl stress, multiple genome-wide genetic screens were performed using two known inducers of CS. We found that different cellular functions were required for resistance to stress induced by methylglyoxal (MG) and glyoxal (GLY). Specifically, we demonstrate the importance of macromolecule catabolism processes for resistance to MG, confirming and extending known mechanisms of MG toxicity, including modification of DNA, RNA, and proteins. Combining our results with related studies that examined the effects of ROS allowed a comprehensive view of the diverse range of cellular functions affected by both oxidative and carbonyl stress. To understand how these diverse cellular functions interact, we performed a quantitative epistasis analysis by creating multimutant strains from those individual genes required for glyoxal resistance. This analysis allowed us to define novel glyoxal-dependent genetic interactions. In summary, using multiple genome-wide approaches provides an effective approach to dissect the poorly understood effects of glyoxal in vivo. These data, observations, and comprehensive dataset provide 1) a comprehensive view of carbonyl stress, 2) a resource for future studies in other cell types, and 3) a demonstration of how inexpensive cell-based assays can identify complex gene-environment toxicities.
Identification and Precise Mapping of Resistant QTLs of Cercospora Leaf Spot Resistance in Sugar Beet (Beta vulgarisL.)
Authors: Taguchi Kazunori , Kubo Tomohiko , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Abe Hideyuki
Published: December 2011

The complex inheritance of resistance to Cercospora leaf spot (CLS), the most severe fungal foliar disease in sugar beet, was investigated by means of quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis. Over a three year period, recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), generated through a cross between lines resistant (‘NK-310mm-O’) and susceptible (‘NK-184mm-O’) to CLS, were field-tested for their resistance to the pathogen. Composite interval mapping (CIM) showed four QTL involved in CLS resistance to be consistently detected. Two resistant QTL (qcr1 on chromosome III, qcr4 on chromosome IX) bearing ‘NK-310mm-O’ derived alleles promoted resistance. Across 11 investigations, the qcr1 and qcr4 QTL explained approximately 10% and over 20%, respectively, of the variance in the resistance index. Two further QTL (qcr2 on chromosome IV, qcr3 on chromosome VI) bearing ‘NK-184mm-O’ derived alleles each explained about 10% of the variance. To identify the monogenic effect of the resistance, two QTL derived from ‘NK-310mm-O’ against the genetic background of ‘NK-184mm-O’, using molecular markers. The qcr1 and qcr4 were precisely mapped as single QTL, using progenies BC5F1 and BC2F1, respectively. The qcr1 that was located near e11m36-8 had CLS disease severity indices (DSI) about 15% lower than plants homozygous for the ‘NK-184mm-O’ genotype. As with qcr1, heterozygosis of the qcr4 that was located near e17m47-81 reduced DSI by about 45% compared to homozygosis. These two resistant QTL might be of particular value in marker-assisted selection (MAS) programs in CLS resistance progression.
Miniature- and Multiple-Eyespot Loci inChlamydomonas reinhardtiiDefine New Modulators of Eyespot Photoreception and Assembly
Authors: Boyd Joseph S , Lamb Mary Rose , Dieckmann Carol L
Published: December 2011

The photosensory eyespot of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a model system for the study of organelle biogenesis and placement. Eyespot assembly and positioning are governed by several genetic loci that have been identified in forward genetic screens for phototaxis-defective mutants. These include the previously described miniature-eyespot mutant min1, the multiple-eyespot mutant mlt1, the eyeless mutants eye2 and eye3, and two previously uncharacterized eyespot mutants, min2 and mlt2. In this study, effects of miniature- and multiple-eyespot mutations and their combinations on the localization and expression levels of the rhodopsin photoreceptor channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and the localization of the eyespot-assembly proteins EYE2 and EYE3 were examined. min2 mutants assemble a properly organized, albeit nonfunctional, eyespot that is slightly smaller than wild-type; however, combination of the min2 and mlt1 mutations resulted in drastic reduction of photoreceptor levels. Both stationary-phase mlt1 and mlt2 cells have supernumerary, mislocalized eyespots that exhibit partial or total dissociation of the eyespot layers. In these mutant strains, photoreceptor patches in the plasma membrane were never associated with pigment granule arrays in the chloroplast stroma unless EYE2 was present in the intervening envelope. The data suggest that MIN2 is required for the photoreceptive ability of the eyespot and that MLT2 plays a major role in regulating eyespot number, placement, and integrity.
Chemical and Synthetic Genetic Array Analysis Identifies Genes that Suppress Xylose Utilization and Fermentation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Usher Jane , Balderas-Hernandez Victor , Quon Peter , Gold Nicholas D , Martin Vincent J J , Mahadevan Radhakrishnan , Baetz Kristin
Published: December 2011

Though highly efficient at fermenting hexose sugars, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has limited ability to ferment five-carbon sugars. As a significant portion of sugars found in cellulosic biomass is the five-carbon sugar xylose, S. cerevisiae must be engineered to metabolize pentose sugars, commonly by the addition of exogenous genes from xylose fermenting fungi. However, these recombinant strains grow poorly on xylose and require further improvement through rational engineering or evolutionary adaptation. To identify unknown genes that contribute to improved xylose fermentation in these recombinant S. cerevisiae, we performed genome-wide synthetic interaction screens to identify deletion mutants that impact xylose utilization of strains expressing the xylose isomerase gene XYLA from Piromyces sp. E2 alone or with an additional copy of the endogenous xylulokinase gene XKS1. We also screened the deletion mutant array to identify mutants whose growth is affected by xylose. Our genetic network reveals that more than 80 nonessential genes from a diverse range of cellular processes impact xylose utilization. Surprisingly, we identified four genes, ALP1, ISC1, RPL20B, and BUD21, that when individually deleted improved xylose utilization of both S. cerevisiae S288C and CEN.PK strains. We further characterized BUD21 deletion mutant cells in batch fermentations and found that they produce ethanol even the absence of exogenous XYLA. We have demonstrated that the ability of laboratory strains of S. cerevisiae to utilize xylose as a sole carbon source is suppressed, which implies that S. cerevisiae may not require the addition of exogenous genes for efficient xylose fermentation.
A Novel Retrotransposon Inserted in the DominantVrn-B1Allele Confers Spring Growth Habit in Tetraploid Wheat (Triticum turgidumL.)
Authors: Chu C-G , Tan C T , Yu G-T , Zhong S , Xu S S , Yan L
Published: December 2011

Vernalization genes determine winter/spring growth habit in temperate cereals and play important roles in plant development and environmental adaptation. In wheat (Triticum L. sp.), it was previously shown that allelic variation in the vernalization gene VRN1 was due to deletions or insertions either in the promoter or in the first intron. Here, we report a novel Vrn-B1 allele that has a retrotransposon in its promoter conferring spring growth habit. The VRN-B1 gene was mapped in a doubled haploid population that segregated for winter-spring growth habit but was derived from two spring tetraploid wheat genotypes, the durum wheat (T. turgidum subsp. durum) variety ‘Lebsock’ and T. turgidum subsp. carthlicum accession PI 94749. Genetic analysis revealed that Lebsock carried the dominant Vrn-A1 and recessive vrn-B1 alleles, whereas PI 94749 had the recessive vrn-A1 and dominant Vrn-B1 alleles. The Vrn-A1 allele in Lebsock was the same as the Vrn-A1c allele previously reported in hexaploid wheat. No differences existed between the vrn-B1 and Vrn-B1 alleles, except that a 5463-bp insertion was detected in the 5′-UTR region of the Vrn-B1 allele. This insertion was a novel retrotransposon (designated as retrotrans_VRN), which was flanked by a 5-bp target site duplication and contained primer binding site and polypurine tract motifs, a 325-bp long terminal repeat, and an open reading frame encoding 1231 amino acids. The insertion of retrotrans_VRN resulted in expression of Vrn-B1 without vernalization. Retrotrans_VRN is prevalent among T. turgidum subsp. carthlicum accessions, less prevalent among T. turgidum subsp. dicoccum accessions, and rarely found in other tetraploid wheat subspecies.
An Evaluation ofArabidopsis thalianaHybrid Traits and Their Genetic Control
Authors: Moore Siobhan , Lukens Lewis
Published: December 2011

Heterosis is an important phenomenon in agriculture. However, heterosis often greatly varies among hybrids and among traits. To investigate heterosis across a large number of traits and numerous genotypes, we evaluated 12 life history traits on parents and hybrids derived from five Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes (Col, Ler-0, Cvi, Ws, and C24) by using a complete diallel analysis containing 20 hybrids. Parental contributions to heterosis were hybrid and trait specific with a few reciprocal differences. Most notably, C24 generated hybrids with flowering time, biomass, and reproductive traits that often exceeded high-parent values. However, reproductive traits of C24 and Col hybrids and flowering time traits of C24 and Ler hybrids had no heterosis. We investigated whether allelic variation at flowering time genes FRIGIDA (FRI) and FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) could explain the genotype- and trait-specific contribution of C24 to hybrid traits. We evaluated both Col and Ler lines introgressed with various FRI and FLC alleles and hybrids between these lines and C24. Hybrids with functional FLC differed from hybrids with nonfunctional FLC for 21 of the 24 hybrid-trait combinations. In most crosses, heterosis was fully or partially explained by FRI and FLC. Our results describe the genetic diversity for heterosis within a sample of A. thaliana ecotypes and show that FRI and FLC are major factors that contribute to heterosis in a genotype and trait specific fashion.
Indicadores bioquímicos e hormonais de casos naturais de toxemia da prenhez em ovelhas
Authors: Santos Fábio C.O. , Mendonça Carla L. , Silva Filho Alonso P. , Carvalho Cleyton C.D. , Soares Pierre C. , Afonso José Augusto B.
Published: December 2011

Toxemia da prenhez é considerada um transtorno metabólico de grande impacto econômico na produção de ovinos, porém as particularidades de repercussão sistêmicas deste distúrbio ainda são pouco esclarecedoras. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o perfil bioquímico e hormonal de 77 ovelhas com diagnóstico clínico de toxemia da penhez e comparar os achados laboratoriais de acordo com a resolução clínica dos animais, alta hospitalar (G1) e aqueles que morreram (G2). A manifestação clinica da doença foi observada no período do pré-parto em 100% dos animais, destes 66,2 % (n=51) receberam alta clínica e 33,8% (n=26) morreram. Dos casos de toxemia da prenhez estudados havia gestação múltipla em 55,8%. Dentre os parâmetros estudados, cortisol, uréia, AST e CK estavam mais elevados no G2 em relação ao G1 com diferenças significativas (P<0,05). Foi encontrado aumento nas concentrações de glicose plasmática, frutosamina, albumina, creatinina, ß-hidroxubutirato, ácido graxo não esterificado e L-lactato, porém não houve diferenças entre os grupos (P>0,05). Não ocorreram alterações nas taxas de colesterol e triglicerídios. Houve redução nos índices da insulina, não havendo diferenças entre G1 e G2 (P>0,05). Todas as ovelhas apresentaram cetonúria e acidúria.
Anti-Rickettsia spp. antibodies in free-ranging and captive capybaras from southern Brazil
Authors: Fortes Fernanda S. , Santos Leonilda C. , Cubas Zalmir S. , Barros-Filho Ivan R. , Biondo Alexander W. , Silveira Iara , Labruna Marcelo B. , Molento Marcelo B.
Published: December 2011

Capybaras (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris) are among the main hosts of Amblyomma spp. ticks, which is able to transmit Rickettsia species to human beings and animals. Since they are often infested with potential vector ticks, capybaras may be used as sentinels for rickettsiosis, such as the Brazilian Spotted Fever. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of antibodies against Rickettsia spp. using the indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) in 21 free-ranging and 10 captive animals from the Zoological Park of the 'Bela Vista Biological Sanctuary' (BVBS), Itaipu Binational, Foz do Iguaçu, Southern Brazil. Antigens of six rickettsial species already identified in Brazil (Rickettsia rickettsii, R. parkeri, R. bellii, R. rhipicephali, R. amblyommii and R. felis) were used for IFA. Ticks from each capybara were collected for posterior taxonomic identification. A total of 19 (61.3%) samples reacted to at least one of tested species. Seropositivity was found in 14 (45.2%), 12 (38.7%), 5 (16.1%), 4 (12.9%), 3 (9.7%) and 3 (9.7%) animals for R. rickettsii, R. bellii, R. parkeri, R. amblyommii, R. felis and R. rhipicephali, respectively. Two captive capybaras presented suggestive titers of R. rickettsii infection and one sample showed homologous reaction to R. parkeri. Only one free-ranging capybara presented evidence R. bellii infection. Ticks collected on capybaras were identified as Amblyomma dubitatum e Amblyomma sp. Results evidenced the rickettsial circulation in the area, suggesting a potential role of capybaras on bacterial life cycle.
Influence of dental exposure to oral environment on smear layer removal and collagen exhibition after using different conditioning agents
Authors: Fontanari Lucas Amaral , Pinto Shelon Cristina Souza , Cavassim Rodrigo , Spin-Neto Rubens , Ishi Eduardo de Paula , Sampaio José Eduardo Cezar
Published: December 2011

Although in vitro studies have shown encouraging results for root surface conditioning with demineralizing agents, in vivo studies have failed to show its benefits in periodontal healing. This can be attributed to several factors, among which, the hypermineralization of dental surface. Therefore, this in vitro study compared, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the effect of root surface conditioning with different conditioners (1% and 25% citric acid, 24% EDTA and 50 mg/mL tetracycline hydrochloride) in impacted teeth and in teeth that had their roots exposed to the oral environment. One trained examiner assessed the SEM micrographs using a root surface modification index. There was a tendency of more root surface modification in the group of impacted teeth, suggesting that the degree of root mineralization influences its chemical demineralization.
Efeito da temperatura do solo na infectividade e reprodução det Meloidogyne javanica e Heterodera glycines em cultivares de soja
Authors: Campos Hercules Diniz , Silva Juliana Resende Campos , Campos Vicente Paulo , Silva Luís Henrique Carregal Pereira da , Costa Lilian Simara Abreu Soares , Silva Willian José Rodrigues da
Published: December 2011

A infectividade e a reprodução de Meloidogyne javanica e de Heterodera glycines, em cultivar suscetível e resistente de soja, diferiram, de acordo com a temperatura do solo. A 28ºC o número de massas de ovos, total de ovos, de fêmeas e a porcentagem de sucesso de parasitismo dos juvenis do segundo estádio (J2) em cada cultivar (suscetível e resistentes) de soja infestada com M. javanica foram, significativamente maiores, comparados com as demais temperaturas (32º C, 26º C, 24º C e 20º C). Entretanto, a soma de juvenis do terceiro e quarto estádios (J3 e J4) foi maior em todas as cultivares, quando a temperatura submetida às plantas inoculadas com M. javanica foi de 20º C comparada com as demais temperaturas. A capacidade reprodutiva da fêmea (ovos por fêmea) de M. javanica foi sempre maior na cultivar suscetível em cada temperatura testada, porém, significativamente maior na cultivar suscetível colocada a 32º C comparada com as demais temperaturas. Nas relações H. glycines e soja, as temperaturas testadas proporcionaram valores semelhantes para a população total (fêmeas e cistos) na cultivar resistente. Na cultivar suscetível, a temperatura de 28º C aumentou significativamente o número de fêmeas, total de fêmeas e cistos e a porcentagem de parasitismo de J2 de H. glycines, comparada com todas as demais temperaturas.
Source-sink manipulations in Coffea arabica L. and its effect on growth of shoots and root system
Authors: Alves José Donizeti , Paglis Carlos Maurício , Livramento Darlan Einstein do , Linhares Suellen Sarah Drumond , Becker Frederico Biagi , Mesquita Alessandro Carlos
Published: December 2011

This paper investigated changes in growth and carbohydrate content of shoots and root systems in response to source-sink manipulation in field-grown coffee trees. The source-sink manipulations were carried out using manual de-fruiting. Two plots of trees were established: in one group, the fruit was left on the tree, while in the second group all fruits were removed manually. Similar results were obtained for coffee trees with and without fruit in terms of height, stem and skirt diameter and branch lengths. A biochemical evaluation of the roots showed that no differences were found between the levels of carbohydrates. In the leaves, levels of soluble sugars and reducing sugars were higher in plants with fruit. The starch concentration in leaves and roots did not vary between the plots. Root length density did not vary between plants with and without fruit in the 0 - 0.4 m soil layer. However, plants without fruit had a higher root length density than plants with a full fruit load. These results contrast with results published by others on source-sink relationships of coffee plants. The joint data analysis shows that young trees, with a moderate fruit load, and with good nutritional and health status, produce carbohydrates in sufficient quantities to maintain vegetative and reproductive growth, without harming root system growth.
Correlação entre ansiedade e performance comunicativa
Authors: Almeida Anna Alice Figueirêdo de , Behlau Mara , Leite José Roberto
Published: December 2011

OBJETIVO: Investigar a correlação entre ansiedade-traço, ansiedade-estado e parâmetros vocais. MÉTODOS: Participaram 24 adultos, 12 homens e 12 mulheres, com idades entre 19 e 42 anos e sem antecedentes psiquiátricos. O escore do Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado (IDATE), principalmente o Ansiedade-Traço, possibilitou a divisão dos participantes em dois grupos: baixa ansiedade (BA) e alta ansiedade (AA). Foram avaliados parâmetros psicológicos (IDATE) e vocais (auto-avaliação por questionário de sinais e sintomas vocais, QSSV; protocolo de Qualidade de Vida em Voz - QVV; avaliação perceptivo-auditiva-visual do comportamento vocal com a descrição de parâmetros de voz, fala e corpo; e análise acústica). O material de fala analisado foi a emissão sustentada da vogal /a/, contagem de números e um discurso sobre momentos de maior ansiedade ao longo da vida. RESULTADOS: Quanto maior o traço de ansiedade indicado pelo IDATE, maior a evidência de ansiedade na fala encadeada e no discurso; quanto mais agudo o pitch da voz, maior o comprometimento da articulação da fala, da coordenação pneumofono-articulatória, da movimentação corporal e da expressão facial. Quanto maior o estado de ansiedade, maior a evidência de ansiedade em diversos parâmetros do discurso, com desequilíbrio na ressonância vocal, comprometimento na modulação, na articulação da fala e na expressão facial. CONCLUSÃO: O traço e o estado de ansiedade diferenciaram o comportamento comunicativo dos indivíduos, envolvendo modificações no corpo, na fala e na voz.
Resultados de um programa de triagem auditiva neonatal em Cuiabá: Mato Grosso
Authors: Rodrigues Priscila de Araújo Lucas , Carvalho Thiago Serra Ferreira de , Lauris José Roberto Pereira , Schochat Eliane
Published: December 2011

OBJETIVO: Descrever os resultados obtidos em um programa de triagem auditiva neonatal, localizado na cidade de Cuiabá (MT) no período de 2009 a 2010. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados os exames de emissões otoacústicas de 1964 recém-nascidos de baixo risco e de 123 recém-nascidos de alto risco, arquivados no computador do serviço, em relação à quantidade dos que passaram ou falharam na triagem. RESULTADOS: No grupo de baixo risco 94,5% dos sujeitos passaram; 1,2% falharam e 4,3% não retornaram para o reteste. No grupo de alto risco, 71,54% passaram; 3,2% falharam e 25,4% não retornaram para o reteste. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados obtidos pelo programa estão de acordo com as expectativas de órgãos internacionais e nacionais.
Produção científica brasileira sobre empresa familiar - um metaestudo de artigos publicados em anais de eventos da ANPAD no período de 1997-2007
Authors: Paiva Kely César Martins de , Oliveira Michelle Cristina de Souza Mendes de , Melo Marlene Catarina de Oliveira Lopes
Published: December 2011

A importância das empresas familiares no Brasil é inegável em diversas esferas: econômica, política, social, cultural etc. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a produção científica no campo da administração no que diz respeito aos estudos que abordam tais organizações, quer direta, quer indiretamente. Nesse intuito, apresentaram-se os principais conceitos sobre "empresa familiar", e foram identificados e analisados todos os artigos publicados nos anais de todos os eventos organizados pela Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Administração (Anpad) entre os anos de 1997 e 2007. Ao final, somaram-se 83 artigos, cujos conteúdos foram categorizados segundo os seguintes critérios: distribuição anual e por evento, categorização temática, natureza da análise, setor econômico abordado, tipo de abordagem, principais técnicas de coleta e de análise de dados, base teórico-espistemológica, origem das bibliografias consultadas, tipos de materiais bibliográficos nacionais mais consultados e demografia de instituição de origem do autor (ou do primeiro autor de artigos de autoria conjunta). Além de ser um dos primeiros metaestudos sobre empresas familiares na administração, este trabalho contribui para os estudos organizacionais com o propósito de indicar fragilidades, lacunas e brechas para novas investigações na temática em questão.
The strength of plant–pollinator interactions
Authors: Vázquez Diego P. , Lomáscolo Silvia B. , Maldonado M. Belén , Chacoff Natacha P. , Dorado Jimena , Stevani Erica L. , Vitale Nydia L.
Published: December 2011

Recent studies of plant–animal mutualistic networks have assumed that interaction frequency between mutualists predicts species impacts (population‐level effects), and that field estimates of interaction strength (per‐interaction effects) are unnecessary. Although existing evidence supports this assumption for the effect of animals on plants, no studies have evaluated it for the reciprocal effect of plants on animals. We evaluate this assumption using data on the reproductive effects of pollinators on plants and the reciprocal reproductive effects of plants on pollinators. The magnitude of species impacts of plants on pollinators, the reciprocal impacts of pollinators on plants, and their asymmetry were well predicted by interaction frequency. However, interaction strength was a key determinant of the sign of species impacts. These results underscore the importance of quantifying interaction strength in studies of mutualistic networks. We also show that the distributions of interaction strengths and species impacts are highly skewed, with few strong and many weak interactions. This skewed distribution matches the pattern observed in food webs, suggesting that the community‐wide organization of species interactions is fundamentally similar between mutualistic and antagonistic interactions. Our results have profound ecological implications, given the key role of interaction strength for community stability.
In-Depth Polymerization of a Self-Adhesive Dual-Cured Resin Cement
Authors: Puppin-Rontani RM , Dinelli RG , de Paula AB , Fucio SBP , Ambrosano GMB , Pascon FM
Published: December 2011

Clinical Relevance

Polymerization of a dual-cured resin cement is significantly affected by ceramic thickness but not affected by activation modes. Increased irradiation times could potentially lead to higher hardness values in applications where light is not completely blocked by the overlying restoration.
Evaluation of analgesic, neuropharmacological and cytotoxic activity of Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn.
Authors: Akter Moli , Afroze Mirola , Khatun Ambia
Published: December 2011

The present study was carried out to investigate the possible analgesic, neuropharmacological and cytotoxic activities of the methanolic extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn. leaves. The analgesic and neuropharmacological activities of Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn. were investigated at the doses of 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg of body weight in mice. Analgesic potential of the extract was evaluated for centrally acting analgesic property using tail immersion method and peripheral analgesic actions using acetic acid-induced writhing test. In acetic acid-induced writhing test, extract produced a significant (p < 0.001) inhibition of writhing response in a dose dependent manner but maximum inhibition (93.46%) of writhing was found at 400mg/kg dose. In tail immersion method, extract caused a significant (p < 0.001) increase in latency time and the results were comparable to the standard drug Diclofenac- Sodium. In addition, neuropharmacological property of crude extract was carried out by Hole cross and Open field test. The extract significantly (p < 0.05-0.001) displayed a dose dependent suppression of motor activity, exploratory behaviour. Furthermore, the extract was subjected to Brine Shrimp lethality bioassay for primary evaluation of cytotoxicity, where the extract was found to be highly toxic to Brine Shrimp nauplii, having LC50 values of 10μg/ml while the LC50 of the reference anticancer drug vincristine sulphate was 0.66μg/ml. The results of this present study suggest that the extract possesses analgesic, cytotoxic and CNS depressant activities. Key Words: Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn.; cytotoxicity; neuropharmacological; analgesic activity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i1.9218 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2011, 1(1): 6-11
Arsenic, the poison and poisoned groundwater of Bangladesh: A review
Authors: Uddin Riaz , Saffoon Nadia , Alam Md Ashraful
Published: December 2011

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i1.9219 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2011, 1(1): 12-17
Actin—Towards a Deeper Understanding of the Relationship Between Tissue Context, Cellular Function and Tumorigenesis
Authors: Spencer Virginia A.
Published: December 2011

It is well-established that the actin cytoskeleton plays an important role in tumor development yet the contribution made by nuclear actin is ill-defined. In a recent study, nuclear actin was identified as a key mediator through which laminin type III (LN1) acts to control epithelial cell growth. In the breast, epithelial tumors are surrounded by an environment which lacks LN1. These findings point to actin as a potential mediator of tumor development. Here our current understanding of the roles of cytoplasmic and nuclear actin in normal and tumor cell growth is reviewed, relating these functions to cell phenotype in a tissue context.
Moths on the Flatbed Scanner: The Art of Joseph Scheer
Authors: Buchmann Stephen L.
Published: December 2011

During the past decade a few artists and even fewer entomologists discovered flatbed scanning technology, using extreme resolution graphical arts scanners for acquiring high magnification digital images of plants, animals and inanimate objects. They are not just for trip receipts anymore. The special attributes of certain scanners, to image thick objects is discussed along with the technical features of the scanners including magnification, color depth and shadow detail. The work of pioneering scanner artist, Joseph Scheer from New York’s Alfred University is highlighted. Representative flatbed-scanned images of moths are illustrated along with techniques to produce them. Collecting and preparing moths, and other objects, for scanning are described. Highlights of the Fulbright sabbatical year of professor Scheer in Arizona and Sonora, Mexico are presented, along with comments on moths in science, folklore, art and pop culture. The use of flatbed scanners is offered as a relatively new method for visualizing small objects while acquiring large files for creating archival inkjet prints for display and sale.
Initial Assemblage of Bacterial Saccharic Fibrils and Element Deposition to Form an Immature Sheath in Cultured Leptothrix sp. Strain OUMS1
Authors: Furutani Mitsuaki , Suzuki Tomoko , Ishihara Hiromichi , Hashimoto Hideki , Kunoh Hitoshi , Takada Jun
Published: December 2011

In an aquatic environment, the genus Leptothrix produces an extracellular Fe- or Mn-encrusted tubular sheath composed of a complex hybrid of bacterial exopolymers and aqueous-phase inorganic elements. This ultrastructural study investigated initial assemblage of bacterial saccharic fibrils and subsequent deposition of aqueous-phase inorganic elements to form the immature sheath skeleton of cultured Leptothrix sp. strain OUMS1. After one day of culture, a globular and/or thread-like secretion was observed on the surface of the bacterial cell envelope, and secreted bodies were transported across the intervening space away from the cell to form an immature sheath skeleton comprising assembled and intermingled fibrils. Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis and specific Bi-staining detected a distinguishable level of P, trace Si, and a notable amount of carbohydrates in the skeleton, but not Fe. By the second day, the skeleton was prominently thickened with an inner layer of almost parallel aligned fibrils, along with low level of Fe deposition, whereas an outer intermingled fibrous layer exhibited heavy deposition of Fe along with significant deposition of P and Si. These results indicate that basic sheath-construction proceeds in two steps under culture conditions: an initial assemblage of bacterial saccharic fibrils originated from the cell envelope and the subsequent deposition of aqueous-phase Fe, P, and Si.
Synthesis, Characterization, Anti-Inflammatory and in Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Some Novel Alkyl/Aryl Substituted Tertiary Alcohols
Authors: Baseer Muhammad , Ansari Farzana Latif , Ashraf Zaman , SaeedulHaq Rafiuzzaman
Published: December 2011

The synthesis of some novel alkyl/aryl substituted tertiary alcohols was accomplished in two steps. The synthetic route involves preparation of Grignard reagents by treating alkyl/aryl bromides with magnesium turnings in dry ether. Then substituted chalcones were reacted with the Grignard reagents to afford alkyl/aryl substituted tertiary alcohols 1-10. The structures of the synthesized compounds were assigned on the basis of FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and mass spectroscopic data. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated using the carrageenan-induced hind paw edema method and was compared with that of ibuprofen. Some of the newly synthesized compounds showed promising anti-inflammatory activity. The tertiary alcohols 1-10 were also screened for antibacterial activity against ten bacterial strains using seven Gram-positive and three Gram-negative bacteria and for antifungal activity against Aspergillus Flavus, Aspergillus Niger and Aspergillus pterus. Tertiary alcohols 1-10 were found to exhibit good to excellent antimicrobial activities compared to levofloxacin and fluconazole used as standard drugs.
Dynamics of Persistent and Acute Deformed Wing Virus Infections in Honey Bees, Apis mellifera
Authors: Prisco Gennaro Di , Zhang Xuan , Pennacchio Francesco , Caprio Emilio , Li Jilian , Evans Jay D. , DeGrandi-Hoffman Gloria , Hamilton Michele , Chen Yan Ping
Published: December 2011

The dynamics of viruses are critical to our understanding of disease pathogenesis. Using honey bee Deformed wing virus (DWV) as a model, we conducted field and laboratory studies to investigate the roles of abiotic and biotic stress factors as well as host health conditions in dynamics of virus replication in honey bees. The results showed that temperature decline could lead to not only significant decrease in the rate for pupae to emerge as adult bees, but also an increased severity of the virus infection in emerged bees, partly explaining the high levels of winter losses of managed honey bees, Apis mellifera, around the world. By experimentally exposing adult bees with variable levels of parasitic mite Varroa destructor, we showed that the severity of DWV infection was positively correlated with the density and time period of Varroa mite infestation, confirming the role of Varroa mites in virus transmission and activation in honey bees. Further, we showed that host conditions have a significant impact on the outcome of DWV infection as bees that originate from strong colonies resist DWV infection and replication significantly better than bee originating from weak colonies. The information obtained from this study has important implications for enhancing our understanding of host‑pathogen interactions and can be used to develop effective disease control strategies for honey bees.
Fécondité, bouleversements politiques et transition vers l'économie de marché en Europe de l'Est
Authors: Sardon Jean-Paul
Published: December 2011

Fertility, political changes and transition to market economy in Eastern Europe.

The collapse of socialist regime and the transition to market economy, in the so called Eastern countries, are reflected, almost everywhere, in a rapid decrease of Total Fertility Rates, even if, in some countries, such as former Czechoslovakia, indices very temporarily increase. In former GDR and Romania, the impact of transition is spectacular, but determinant elements are different: fall of the wall in GDR, liberalisation of abortion in Romania.

Deep reasons of this decreasing fertility, especially at high fertility ages and for first birth-order, are not well known, even if economic crisis after the disbanding of CMEA, increasing unemployement and reduction of social budgets exert a depressive influence. In these countries, people are confronted not only with an adaptation crisis to the new rules of society, but with a real cultural revolution: the eastern family pattern comes into conflict with new economic requirements.
Bamako (Mali) : habitat de cour et mobilités résidentielles
Authors: Bertrand Monique
Published: December 2011

L'évolution métropolitaine de Bamako détermine d'importantes redistributions démographiques depuis les quartiers anciens. En se diffusant vers les périphéries plus récentes, le marché locatif oriente la mobilité des ménages dans l'agglomération. Il suscite ainsi de fines cohabitations résidentielles qui brouillent la lisibilité des contrastes urbains d'ensemble. Les pratiques urbaines se comprennent finalement à deux échelles : celle des principaux gradients de densité mais aussi celle des îlots de voisinage qui intriquent plus localement propriétaires et locataires, ménages élargis et foyers embryonnaires, populations ancrées et groupes mobiles.
La mobilité des consommateurs et les nouveaux espaces commerciaux
Authors: Desse René-Paul
Published: December 2011

Consumers' Mobility and new Retail Outlets

The evolution in shoppers' mobility is the crux of the matter. What we mean by proximity is slowly changing. There is an ever-increasing gap between retail shopping and homes and it shows that relations between the supply and domestic sectors are being completely transformed. A less clearly outlined retail shopping is taking over from the sharp dichotomy which exists between the town and out-of-town centres, each one specialising in its own specific branch. The city centre retail outlets are on the defensive and are constantly losing their market share to retail parks situated on the outskirts. More and more families have cars, even two cars, more and more women work, families are increasing moving to house situated outside the town or on the outskirts ; all these factors lead to a greater mobility among shoppers ; it could even be called a peregrination within the area, and is linked to other reasons for travelling.
Formes et mécanismes de la mobilité urbaine en Algérie
Authors: Semmoud Bouziane
Published: December 2011

La société urbaine algérienne a connu, au cours des trente dernières années, trois cycles de mobilité. Une mobilité centripète a conduit les Algériens des vieux centres et des périphéries précaires dans les quartiers européens désertés à l'indépendance. A la faveur de l'industrialisation et de l'équipement, mobilité sociale et déplacements pendulaires ont ensuite marqué l'ensemble des strates urbaines en même temps que s'amorçait dans les grandes villes une mobilité résidentielle sélective exclusivement centrifuge. Celle-ci s'est, depuis une quinzaine d'années, amplifiée et étendue territo- rialement et socialement, sous l'effet de l'intervention massive des pouvoirs publics dans la construction de logements puis de la libéralisation foncière et immobilière.
La frontière nord du Gabon : une brève étude de géographie politique
Authors: Loungou Serge
Published: December 2011

La frontière nord du Gabon présente un certain nombre de caractéristiques qui la distinguent du reste des frontières nationales et lui confèrent quelque intérêt du point de vue de la géographie politique. En effet, non seulement ladite frontière confronte l'entité gabonaise à deux espaces politiques extérieurs mais elle abrite aussi une intense activité économique informelle. Rarement observée ailleurs, celle-ci est, en grande partie, liée à la triple territorialité de l'ethnie fang et à l'ancienneté des relations commerciales entre la région septentrionale du Gabon et ses voisines du Cameroun et de Guinée Equatoriale.
The Vitamin D Receptor Gene Bat (Cca) Haplotype Impairs the Response to Pegylated-Interferon/ Ribavirin-Based Therapy in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients
Authors: Baur Katharina , Mertens Joachim C , Schmitt Johannes , Iwata Rika , Stieger Bruno , Frei Pascal , Seifert Burkhardt , Ferrari Heike A Bischoff , von Eckardstein Arnold , Müllhaupt Beat , Geier Andreas ,   the Swiss Hepatitis C Cohort Study
Published: December 2011

Background

Chronic hepatitis C infection is a major cause of end-stage liver disease. Therapy outcome is influenced by 25-OH vitamin D deficiency. To further address this observation, our study investigates the impact of the vitamin D receptor ( NR1I1) haplotype and combined effects of plasma vitamin D levels in a well-described cohort of hepatitis C patients.

Methods

A total of 155 chronic hepatitis C patients were recruited from the Swiss Hepatitis C Cohort Study for NR1I1 genotyping and plasma 25-OH vitamin D level measurement. NR1I1 genotype data and combined effects of plasma 25-OH vitamin D level were analysed regarding therapy response (sustained virological response).

Results

A strong association was observed between therapy non-response and the NR1I1 CCA (bAt) haplotype consisting of rs1544410 (BsmI) C, rs7975232 (ApaI) C and rs731236 (TaqI) A alleles. Of the HCV patients carrying the CCA haplotype, 50.3% were non-responders (odds ratio [OR] 1.69, 95% CI 1.07, 2.67; P=0.028). A similar association was observed for the combinational CCCCAA genotype (OR 2.94, 95% CI 1.36, 6.37; P=0.007). The combinational CCCCAA genotype was confirmed as an independent risk factor for non-response in multivariate analysis (OR 2.50, 95% CI 1.07, 5.87; P=0.034). Analysing combined effects, a significant impact of low 25-OH vitamin D levels on sustained virological response were only seen in patients with the unfavourable NR1I1 CCA (bAt) haplotype (OR for non-SVR 3.55; 95% CI 1.005, 12.57; P=0.049).

Conclusions

NR1I1 vitamin D receptor polymorphisms influence response to pegylated-interferon/ribavirin-based therapy in chronic hepatitis C and exert an additive genetic predisposition to previously described low 25-OH vitamin D serum levels.
L'économie morale de la mort au XIXe siècle. Regards croisés sur la France et l'Angleterre
Authors: Trompette Pascale , Griffiths Robert Howell
Published: December 2011

Résumé Cet article examine la façon dont, au XIX e  siècle, la question des inhumations devient, en France comme en Angleterre, l’objet d’un traitement politique qui alimente une profonde refondation des économies de la mort. Il décrit tout d’abord son émergence comme « problème public », soutenant l’invention de nouvelles formes institutionnelles autour des funérailles et des cimetières. Attentive aux arguments et principes de légitimité en débat, l’analyse rend compte de la façon dont cette construction institutionnelle est traversée, dans les deux pays, par des enjeux similaires : la question des relations entre pouvoirs publics et Églises dans le traitement de la mort, l’invention des dispositifs politiques et sociaux de prise en charge de la question sociale de la pauvreté, la construction de la légitimité de l’industrie privée comme partie prenante de l’économie des funérailles. Elle montre que la distance entre les conceptions française et anglaise, qui pourrait trop immédiatement se laisser enfermer dans l’opposition binaire monopole public / marché libre, décrit une différenciation beaucoup plus subtile. Celle-ci renvoie à des formes originales de co-régulation entre les autorités publiques, les Églises, les entrepreneurs et la société civile dans la mise en œuvre d’une économie morale autour des funérailles.