bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Differential Item Functioning (DIF) Study of the Infection Control Standard Isolation Precaution Instrument Across Gender and Major Among Healthcare Workers
Authors: Mousavi Amin , Momeni Mohsen , Danaei Mina , Askarian Mehrdad
Published: August 2021

Background: Measuring healthcare workers’ (HCWs) knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) regarding isolation precaution is essential for infection control which needs a valid and reliable instrument. Objectives: This study aimed to assess differential item functioning (DIF) across gender and major for the knowledge and practice items of the questionnaire, previously designed in Shiraz, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted on 1070 participants (males/females: 306/764; medical students/nurses: 466/624). The study instrument had three subscales with nine questions for each KAP subscale. The Mantel-Haenszel (MH) statistic was used. The DIF and differential test functioning (DTF) analyses were also performed in this study. Results: There were very similar DIF outcomes for the knowledge and practice subscales, with one or two items indicating moderate DIF but comparable total scores across genders. Across majors, several items showed large DIF for both subscales. It was found that large DTF affects major for both subscales. Conclusions: Our findings indicated large DIF and DTF levels of the questionnaire among medical students and nursing groups. More attention should be paid when developing the items. This study shows the importance of paying attention to valid evidence for instruments developed within the field of healthcare.
Menetus dilatatus (Gould, 1841) (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) in the Lipno Reservoir (Southern Bohemia, Czech Republic)
Authors: Beran Luboš
Published: August 2021

Menetus dilatatus (Gould, 1841) has been found in July 2005 in the Lipno Reservoir (Bohemian Forest = Šumava Mts., Southern Bohemia, Czech Republic) at 12 particular sites. This locality is about 80 km south of the nearest known locality of Menetus dilatatus and more than 160 km south of the Elbe Lowland where Menetus dilatatus occurs in many sites including the Elbe River. The altitude of the Lipno Reservoir reaches 725 m a.s.l. and is the highest known altitude of Menetus dilatatus in the Czech Republic.
30 anos de Black or White: discussões interculturais através das alasa kanyas da dança indiana Odissi no videoclipe de Michael Jackson
Authors: Albergaria Andrea Itacarambi , Andraus Mariana Baruco Machado
Published: August 2021

Neste artigo propomos refletir sobre o tema da interculturalidade prenunciado no videoclipe Black or White, de Michael Jackson, em 1991, colocando-o em perspectiva com discussões interculturais no contexto das artes da cena na atualidade. Apesar do formato de “revista” adotado pelo videoclipe, em suas sucessivas cenas de danças de diferentes culturas, notamos que as escolhas referentes à dança Odissi têm, todas elas, propósitos bem definidos e interlocução com a letra da música, cabendo, portanto, uma análise dessas escolhas, especialmente das alasa kanyas. Esta percepção nos leva a argumentar a favor do pioneirismo do videoclipe que, na década de 1990, prenunciou o debate sobre interculturalidade, movimento das artes cênicas que se amplia a partir dos anos 1970, e equidade atualmente em pauta em esfera social mais ampla, bem como possíveis diferenças de leituras entre gerações.
Cosmodança
Authors: Silva Soraia
Published: August 2021

Esse artigo/ensaio realiza um percurso metodológico o qual evoca a imagem figurativa das deusas Minemosine e Terpsicore sua filha, patrona da arte da dança, para os desdobramentos metafóricos das qualidades de criação do feminino percebido e narrado como uma experiência cósmica no sentido de um pensamento filosófico da Cosmodança. Tal percurso inclui o atual contexto de criação coreográfica remota, com mediação tecnológica, no qual os esforços corporais enfrentam desafios de conexões. Nesse processo há uma distensão do entendimento de presentidade do gesto dançado, inaugurando diversas possibilidades de registro, edição, apresentação e armazenamento da imagem. Nesse movimento entre a dimensão mítica, a experiência encarnada e o universo tecnológico o texto vai sendo desenvolvido na discussão de cosmodansintermediações e cosmodansintersemiotizações e suas alquimias no multiverso cosmopolítico da dança.
Teatro como alegoria
Authors: Koudela Ingrid Dormien
Published: August 2021

Teatro como alegoria é um sistema pedagógico e de encenação que se insere entre as tendências contemporâneas da Pedagogia das Artes Cênicas. Seu foco está na relação entre o fazer e apreciar a obra de arte. A alegorização da cena destaca o texto e/ou a imagem, ao abrir espaço de jogo para o imaginário do leitor/atuante ou espectador.
Experiências de treinamento no ciberespaço e processos de criação em isolamento social
Authors: Astles Cariad , Piragibe Mário
Published: August 2021

O presente artigo foi elaborado a partir da conferência que a autora concedeu na abertura do ANIMA UDESC – Seminário Internacional de estudos sobre Teatro de Animação – Edição Online, em 21 de maio de 2021. A conferência teve como tema Experiências de treinamento no ciberespaço e processos de criação em isolamento social, e abordou aspectos da ligação entre Teatro de Animação e a pandemia, e a reflexões a partir do trabalho da autora com seus alunos nos primeiros seis meses de pandemia.
Entre a máscara, a casa, a tela: frestas para o encantamento
Authors: Figueira Lívia Maria Vieira Pinto de Andrade
Published: August 2021

A paisagem instaurada durante o isolamento social para a prevenção do contágio pelo novo coronavírus revela o agravamento (ou a irônica metáfora) de um projeto de enclausuramento dos corpos e da sensibilidade que ocorre desde os primórdios da colonização e aqui, inspirada pelas ideias de Luiz Antônio Simas e Luiz Rufino, apresento como um processo de desencantamento. No presente artigo compartilho os caminhos trilhados com a turma da disciplina Teatro de Máscaras da Licenciatura em Teatro da UDESC - cursada totalmente por via remota - nos quais utilizamos o espaço de casa, as telas, os materiais disponíveis naquele contexto e os principais alicerces da linguagem das máscaras como dispositivos de criação, para, mais do que visitar a ementa do curso - e como ato de resistência -, encontrar frestas na metafórica prisão e produzir vida e encantamento.
Em busca de um olhar animado: reflexões sobre o teatro de animação e o cotidiano em tempos pandêmicos
Authors: Farias Igor Gomes
Published: August 2021

Este artigo é um relato de experiência que propõe reflexões sobre o ensino e a difusão do Teatro de Animação por meio do ciberespaço, investigando como o isolamento social pode estimular certa sensibilização do olhar para o cotidiano, reconhecendo nele elementos que nos conduzem até as formas animadas. A partir de relatos sobre a vivência em um workshop virtual, ofertado durante a pandemia de COVID-19, discute-se aqui sobre o que significa conhecer este universo composto por bonecos, objetos, sombras e máscaras.
Understanding Motivation for Physical Activity Charity Event Participation
Authors: Fasczewski Kimberly S. , Bramblett Paige N , Powell Sara M , Thornton-Brooks Jennifer D. , Stevens Nolasco R.
Published: August 2021

Objectives: The positive health benefits of regular physical activity (PA) are widely known, yet PA levels remain low in the general population and those with neurological conditions like multiple sclerosis (MS). The goal of this study was to use the lens of behavioral economics
to explore PA motivation for participation in PA-based MS charity fundraising events to elucidate the relationship between behavioral economics constructs and motivation. Methods: Mixed-methods survey data were collected from 114 individuals (47 diagnosed with MS; 67 without
MS) who had participated in a PA-based MS charity fundraiser event. Results: Quantitative data showed 23 (41.8%) of participants without MS, and 16 (43.2%) of participants living with MS cited fundraising for MS as the primary reason for participation. Open-ended responses revealed
behavioral economic constructs of framing, social support, and individual positive biases were key factors contributing to increased motivation for participation. Conclusion: Habit formation for PA behaviors may emerge due to personal biases (perceived importance of fundraising)
and a sense of relatedness. Involvement in MS charity events may alter social norms, frame events as enjoyable, and foster a sense of community, thereby increasing the likelihood of continued participation
Chinese Parental Awareness of Children's COVID-19 Protective Measures
Authors: Zhou JianFu , Li ZhenZhen , Meng Hongyan , Chang Yue-Cune , Peng Niang-Huei , Wei BiRong
Published: August 2021

Objectives: In this research our aim was to investigate Chinese parents' awareness of pediatric COVID-19 in relation to protecting their children. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Fujian provinces in China using a Web-based questionnaire to survey
parents of children aged 6 to 16 years old. Results: The sample included 1222 participants. Overall, 99.2% of participants were aware of respiratory transmission of COVID-19, and 75.6% also believed fecal-oral transmission to be possible. Although 98.3% of participants claimed
to know how to wear and remove masks properly, some parents were unaware of good handwashing techniques and answered incorrectly regarding cough etiquette. Parents also seemed uncertain about pediatric COVID-19 symptoms. Awareness scores significantly differed across parental role, educational
attainment levels, and social-economic levels (p value < .005), with fathers, more educated parents, and those of higher income showing greater levels of awareness.Conclusion: Research results suggest an urgent need for parental education regarding COVID-19 in children, especially
regarding handwashing techniques and cough etiquette; educational outreach for both parents and schoolchildren is critical.
How Does COVID-19 Differ from the Flu/Cold? A Study of Multilevel Information Seeking among Korean Immigrant Women in the U.S.
Authors: Jang Sou Hyun , Jung Gowoon
Published: August 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to understand COVID-19 information seeking among Korean immigrant women in comparison to their flu/cold information seeking. In particular, the study aimed to examine: (1) the levels of information sought regarding both COVID-19 and the
flu/cold, and (2) the content of information discussed at each level. Methods: We analyzed the posts on Missy USA––one of the largest Korean online communities for married Korean immigrant women. Two sets of data, one for COVID-19 (n=726) and the other for the flu/cold
(n=50), were analyzed with codes at different levels, which were adapted from the social-ecological model. Results: Applying the social-ecological model, we found that about 80% of information regarding the flu/cold and about 60% of COVID-19 information was concentrated at individual,
interpersonal, and organizational levels. Information seeking at the community level was more frequent for COVID-19 than for the flu/cold. Conclusions: Our finding that Korean immigrant women primarily sought information regarding COVID-19 serves as a theoretical contribution
at the transnational level, which might be relevant for immigrant women during the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic.
Psychometric Properties of the AUDIT-C within an Amazon Mechanical Turk Sample
Authors: Russell Alex M. , Barry Adam E.
Published: August 2021

Objectives: Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk) has become a popular data collection tool in the addiction sciences. We sought to examine the psychometric properties of the AUDIT-C in an MTurk sample. Methods: Data collection was facilitated via MTurk (N=309; 52.8%
female), where an online survey assessed demographic data, alcohol use behaviors (AUDIT-C), and alcohol-related consequences (CAPS-r). Responses to the AUDIT-C were subjected to a principal component analysis to evaluate the structure of the 3-item measure. Alcohol-related consequences were
used as a measure of convergent validity. Results: Results provided evidence for a single-factor structure. Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficients between AUDIT-C scores and CAPS-r scores produced statistically significant results (r = 0.51, p < .001). Using biological
sex-based suggested cut-off scores for the AUDIT-C, hazardous drinkers (M = 19.15, SD = 8.27) demonstrated statistically significantly higher levels of alcohol-related consequences than non-hazardous drinkers (M = 12.56, SD = 5.35; t(295) = -8.34, p < .001). Reliability and stability statistics
demonstrated strong internal consistency. Conclusions: Results demonstrate the sound psychometric properties of the AUDIT-C for an MTurk sample and provide evidence supporting the use of AUDIT-C as a screening tool to be employed with digitally accessed populations to identify
and reach hazardous drinkers.
Note de recherche. Les journaliers dans le district de Montréal en 1831
Authors: Dessureault Christian
Published: August 2021

Dans la première étape d’une étude sur la formation du prolétariat rural au Bas-Canada au début du XIXe siècle, cette note de recherche propose d’évaluer le nombre et la proportion de journaliers et de journalières parmi les chefs de famille des localités du district de Montréal à partir du recensement de 1831. Nous tenterons aussi de préciser certaines des caractéristiques sociales de ce prolétariat rural à partir des rubriques de ce recensement. Cependant, les recenseurs emploient des méthodes assez différenciées les unes des autres pour relever les informations prévues dans le questionnaire officiel. Nous devons donc tenir compte de ces variations du travail des recenseurs pour évaluer le nombre et pour déterminer le profil de ce prolétariat rural.
Autoria e leitura: uma revisão dos lugares de produção e interpretação
Authors: Leal Baktalaia de Lis Andrade
Published: August 2021

Este trabalho pretende estudar a interpretação, seus agentes e suas formas de percorrer os caminhos do sentido, até que se chegue a pensar no binômio leitor-texto. Então, lança-se um olhar sobre como o leitor se relaciona com o texto sempre em busca de uma significação mais econômica ou mais pessoal. Apresenta aos leitores uma revisão bibliográfica que abrange autores do campo das teorias de autor, texto, leitor e seus conflitos.
Radiological and Functional Outcome of Medial Tibial Reduction Osteotomy for Severe Varus Deformity in patients undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty- A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Mathew Amal , Kumar AS Arun , Babu Murukan , Ranjith TC , John Susan
Published: August 2021

Introduction: The deformity and imbalance in an osteoarthritic knee undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) are the result of a combination of bony and soft tissue changes locally. Proper and ideal balancing of ligaments is considered essential to the success of a TKA. There are numerous techniques to achieve soft tissue balance in varus knee. More recently, Medial Tibial Reduction Osteotomy (MTRO) has been described as an adjuvant to soft tissue release. Limited data exists on the outcomes of patients requiring a MTRO. There are not many Indian studies available regarding the radiographic and clinical outcomes of medial reduction osteotomy in severe varus deformity in TKA. Aim: To find out the radiological and functional outcome of MTRO for severe varus deformity in patients undergoing TKA. Materials and Methods: This study was Prospective Cohort study conducted at the Department of Orthopaedics, Rajagiri Hospital, Chunangamveli, Aluva, Kerala from December 2018 to November 2019. Twenty patients 15 females and 5 males (30 knees), in the age group 55-80 years with osteoarthritis of knee with severe varus deformity, were enrolled in the study. Preoperative and postoperative standing leg Antero-posterior radiographs were taken for all patients and hip- knee- ankle angle was measured and amount of deformity correction was calculated. Postoperatively, radiographs were taken on the 5th day and 3rd month. Knee society scores were also recorded preoperatively and on the 5th postoperative day, postoperative visits on 6 weeks, 3 months and clinical outcome was assessed. The statistical analysis was performed by SPSS version 25 using Analysis of Variance(ANOVA) and Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. Results: The median knee score improved from 47±9 to 93±3 postoperatively. Similarly, median function score improved from 50±5 to 80±0. The improvement in function score and knee score were statistically significant (p-value 0.001). The correction of varus between preoperative, postoperative (p-value 0.001) day 5 & 3 months postoperatively was statistically significant. No patient required a release of the superficial Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL). The MTRO was associated with statistically significantly improved Knee Society scores and varus deformity correction. Conclusion: In patients with fixed varus deformity of the knee, the MTRO is found to be safe and adequate to achieve coronal alignment.
Irreducible Hernia in Female Children Containing Ovary, Uterus or Uterine Adnexa: Case Series
Authors: Francis Joseph , Gajanthody Suhitha , Ahamed Ashraf , Syam Divya
Published: August 2021

Inguinal hernias are the most frequent hernias of childhood. They are relatively uncommon in females as compared to males. Congenital inguinal hernias are due to the failure of closure of processus vaginalis. In females, this usually obliterates around the eighth month of foetal life. When these remain patent, a rare but possible herniation of contents can occur through this, like the genito-urinary system, including the ovaries and sometimes the fallopian tubes. However, the occurrence of uterus as one of the contents is a rare entity. This is a case series of six such cases with various genital tract entities as contents in paediatric female inguinal hernia. In conclusion, the rare entity of uterus, uterine adnexae and ovaries being a content of inguinal hernia has to be kept in mind when treating female children.
Pattern of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Lumbar Spine Pathologies and its Correlation with Demographic Variables in Rivers State
Authors: Ogolodom Michael Promise , Ugwu Anthony Chukwuka , Akosile Christopher O , Mbaba Awajimijan N
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) currently is an excellent imaging modality of choice for the demonstration of pathologies of the lumbar spine and the intervertebral disc. A sound knowledge of the common pathologies of the lumbar spine in our setting will assist clinicians and radiologists in making accurate diagnosis. Aim: To determine the type and distribution of MRI findings in lumbar spine pathologies and its demographic correlation in Rivers State. Materials and Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study carried out among all symptomatic and asymptomatic patients who were referred for lumbar spine MRI at some selected Imaging Diagnostics Centres in Rivers State, from May 2020 to November 2020. The lumbar spine MRI examinations were performed using 0.35 Tesla MRI machines with both planar surface and multicoil phased array. The patients were evaluated for disabilities using the Nurick grading classifications. Data obtained were analysed using both descriptive (mean, deviation, frequency and percentage) and inferential (Pearson’s Correlation) statistical tools. The level of statistically significance was set at p <0.05. Results: Out of 151 patients that were included in this study, majority 78 (51.7%) of the patients were within the age group of 40-59 years with an overall mean age of 52.51±14 years. The majority 114 (75.50%) of the patients had single pathology. Among those that had single pathology, a greater proportion had spondylosis 65 (43.05%). A greater proportion 73 (48.34%) of the patients had single level of spinal involvement with lumbar vertebra four (L4) commonly affected in 26 (17.22%). Out of 151 patients, majority 49 (32.45%) had Nurick grade II and the least 7 (4.64%) had Nurick grade V. Conclusion: Lumbar spine pathologies frequently involve the fourth lumbar vertebra and middle-aged males are commonly affected.
Effects of Ketamine Gargle for Post-operative Sore Throat, Hoarseness of Voice and Cough Under General Anaesthesia- A Randomised Control Study
Authors: Chauhan Dinesh , Mankad Ankit , Mehta Jigisha , Sharma Tejash H
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Majority of the patient undergo endotracheal intubation for various time duration, when given general anaesthesia. Injury in airway mucosa or vocal cords due to endotracheal intubation can be a contributing factor. Ketamine without affecting local healing process has an anti-proinflammatory effect as it limits exacerbation of systemic inflammation. Aim: To study the role of ketamine gargles as a pharmacological measure in order to attenuate POST, HOV and cough followed by endotracheal intubation during surgeries under general anaesthesia. Materials and Methods: A randomised controlled study was carried out for a duration of 22 months from the institutional ethical committee (Study Approval No. SVIEC/ON/MEDI/BNPG18/D19046), on 50 patients of American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) grade I and II. They were allocated into two groups of 25 patients. Group (K): ketamine 50 mg in 29 mL 0.9% normal saline and Group (C): 30 mL 0.9% normal saline. Patients were advised to gargle for 30 seconds just 5 minutes prior to induction of anaesthesia. Patients were intubated with appropriate size of the endotracheal tube and were extubated when fully awake and conscious. Pateints were shifted to postoperative ward and were kept in propped up position with oxygen. Pateints were assessed at 1,2,4,24 hours for incidence of POST, HOV and cough. Assessment was made as per the 4 point scale grading system. The statistical analysis was performed using unpaired t-test, p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: In terms of POST grading in both K and C groups p-value was statistically significant (p<0.05) at 1 and at 2 hours postoperatively. In terms of HOV, in group K voice quality issues were reduced till 24 hours, (p<0.05). In terms of cough, in group K there was a significant reduction in complaints of cough till 4 hours postoperatively, (p<0.05). Conclusion: Ketamine gargles is effective in attenuating POST and cough till 2 hours and HOV till 4 hours postoperatively in patients following endotracheal intubation.
A CASE REPORT ON AMOXICILLIN INDUCED STEVENS- JOHNSON SYNDROME
Authors: Darabadi Rispa , Harini Karasani
Published: August 2021

Steven-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a rare, serious disorder of the skin and mucous membrane that is usually a reaction to medication. It usually starts with flu-like symptoms, followed by a painful rash that spreads and blisters. Other symptoms include Fever, sore mouth and throat, Fatigue, burning eyes, extensive skin and mucous membrane lesions (i.e., mouth, nose, esophagus, anus, and genitalia), epidermis detachment, and acute skin blisters. In 95% of case reports, drugs were identified to be an important cause for the development of SJS. The below is a case report of A 37-year-old male patient hospitalized with rashes over the body and fever, after oral consumption of Amoxicillin drug for cough and sore throat through OTC prescription. The patient has taken three doses of Amoxicillin and due to lack of awareness on Adverse drug reactions, the patient ignored the rashes that were developed after the first dose. This case study discusses the possibility of serious hypersensitivity reactions with Amoxicillin that rarely occur and can be extremely harmful and life threatening, brief knowledge on Stevens-Johnson syndrome and also some of the preventive measures to control the adverse reactions due to drugs.
Effect of the Addition Red Ginger Extract (Zingiber officinale Var Rubrum) on the Physical and Microbiological Characteristics of Seaweed Jelly Candy
Authors: Mustika Sri Ayu Meilda , Rostini Iis , Rochima Emma , Pratama Rusky Intan
Published: August 2021

Seaweed jelly candy is a popular food product with a characteristic chewy texture and sweet taste, but it is very susceptible to quality degradation because it is semi-wet so it is easy for microorganisms to grow. This research aims to determine the effect of adding red ginger extract on the physical and microbiological characteristics of seaweed jelly candy. The research method used is an experimental method with four treatments with three replications adding concentration of red ginger extract (0%, 20%, 35% and 50%) based on the weight of the seaweed used. The parameters observed in this research are physical characteristics (Texture Profile Analysis / TPA) and microbiological characteristics which include, gumminess, gel strength, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness and total mold. Total mold testing was carried out using the duplo method and referring to SNI 2332.07 in 2009. Texture Profile Analysis/ TPA testing was carried out using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the addition of red ginger extract has an effect on the physical and microbiological characteristics of seaweed jelly candy. The best treatment with addition of red ginger  extract  to  the  physical  and  microbiological  characteristics  of  seaweed  jelly candy is treatment D (addition of red ginger extract 50%), with gumminess value of 128.87%, gel strength 468.26 gforce, adhesiveness -0.053%, springiness 0 .83%, cohesiveness 0.16%, and chewiness 107.75%, and the total value of mold is 2.46.
Regeneration of Pancreas Β-Cells in Alloxan-Induced Diabetes Rats Treated with Aqueous Seed Extract of Syzygium aromaticum: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Abdulazeez Azeemat T. , Bello Kehinde H. , Alabi Mutiu A. , Kareem Fatai A. , Adeegbe Janet F.
Published: August 2021

Aim: The present study was conducted to investigate the preventive/curative effect of aqueous seed extract Syzygium aromaticum in alloxan-induced diabetes in rats.

Study Design: Twenty Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups. The ﬁrst group served as a control (received 1 ml of normal saline). The second group served as Diabetic control (received 1 ml of normal saline). The third group served as test 1 (pre-treated with 500 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) of aqueous Syzygium aromaticum seeds extract for seven days prior to diabetic induction and post-treated with aqueous seeds extract of Syzygium aromaticum after diabetic induction) and the fourth group served as test 2 (post-treated with 500 mg/kg b.w. of aqueous seed extract of Syzygium aromaticum after diabetic induction) in a daily oral dose for 14 days.

Results: Treatment of rats with aqueous seed extract of Syzygium aromaticum in a daily dose of 500 mg/kg significantly mitigates the induced changes in the glucose and lipid proﬁle parameters. Histopathological examination of the pancreas showed the destruction of β-cells in the diabetic control group and recovery of damaged tissues when treated with 500 mg/kg b.w. of aqueous seeds extract of Syzygium aromaticum.

Conclusion: The present study suggests that aqueous seed extract S. aromaticum seeds extract at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight brings about regeneration of the B-cells of the pancreas and signiﬁcant beneﬁcial effects in various physiological parameters in alloxan-induced diabetes.
First Record of Jungle Babbler Argya striata Feeding on House Gecko Hemidactylus sp.
Authors: Mukherjee Soham , Mukherjee Akanksha
Published: August 2021

We report the first record of jungle babbler Argya striata feeding on house gecko Hemidactylus sp. in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. On the morning of 09th October 2018, a small group of jungle babblers consisting of six adults and two fledglings were observed in and around plants pots and compost bins on the roof of author’s residence. A juvenile house gecko Hemidactylus sp. appeared to have incidentally flushed out of a crevice by the foraging birds. It was immediately attacked by two adults and was killed quickly by heavy pecking on gecko’s body. The gecko’s tail was quickly fed upon by one of the two attacking birds after tail autotomy. Once the gecko stopped moving, the two attacking birds tried consuming the gecko whole but soon dropped it as it appeared to be too big to swallow the whole body. They started pecking out small pieces from the head and stomach area. At one point, the two birds held the gecko from two places, one from the head and the other held a front limb and started to tug. Other members of the group were uninterested in the entire event and did not participate. The two attacking birds continued pecking out small pieces until they weren’t hungry anymore. They left the remaining body and joined the resting members of the group.
Many More Consumers Not Always Induce Stronger Competition: Weaker Interspecific Competition Despite Higher Species Richness in Secondary Feeding Guild, as Compared to Primary
Authors: Béguinot Jean
Published: August 2021

The species functional structuration (specifically in terms of species richness and average intensity of interspecific competition) is widely varying among species communities and this point is now very well documented in literature. But, what about the species functional structuration within the different feeding guilds that coexist in a same local community – in particular the primary and the secondary feeding guilds? Are there significant differences – or not – between them in this respect? This rather fundamental issue does not seem having been addressed yet, at least using appropriate investigative tools. However, a series of recently published case studies, precisely implementing such an adequate investigative approach, now deserves full consideration in this regard and makes the subject of the present review. Substantially, it results from this preliminary survey of the question that marked differences in the patterns of species functional structuration clearly singularize the secondary from the primary feeding guilds, within a same local community. More precisely, a consistent trend seems to arise, highlighting both: (i) a markedly greater species richness and, yet somewhat unexpectedly, (ii) a significantly reduced intensity in interspecific competition within secondary feeding guild as compared to primary. The point is discussed and interpreted as being the consequence of the fact that secondary feeders (typically carnivores) have obviously evolve quite more diversified feeding behaviors than did the primary feeders (typically herbivores).
Effect of Smoked and Oven-dried Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) on Haematological Parameters, Liver and Antioxidant Enzymes of Wistar Rats
Authors: Ndubueze I. K. , Ogbunugafor H. A. , Oladejo A. A.
Published: August 2021

Catfish is a traditional part of the diet of a large section of the world’s population. This study compared the effect of smoked and oven-dried catfish on hematological parameters, liver and antioxidant enzymes of wistar rats. Catfish samples were processed by smoking and oven-drying and used for formulation of the experimental feeds. Twenty one wistar rats were acclimatized for seven (7) days, weighed and allotted into three dietary treatments; control (standard feed), smoked and oven-dried fed groups. The study was conducted for a period of 21 days. Haematological analysis was carried out using haematology auto-analyzer. Liver enzymes (Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT)) were assayed using standard assay kits while antioxidant enzymes were assayed using spectrophotometric method. The result revealed a significant increase (P<0.05) in the body weights of rats maintained on experimental feeds; oven-dried catfish fed group (240.83±6.13g), smoked catfish fed group (246.83±4.97g). There were no significant difference (P>0.05) in the haematological parameters of the treatment groups except in their total red blood cell counts, mean cell volume and mean cell hemoglobin. A non-significant difference (p>0.05) was observed in the antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) of the test groups, indicating the absence of oxidative stress. The results of this research showed that both drying methods (oven and smoke drying) did not affect the palatability of the diets as the experimental diets were accepted by the experimental animals and their weight significantly improved. However, both diets have deleterious effects on the blood; hence, individuals with severe cases of anaemia and other blood disorders are encouraged to avoid them.
Perceived Benefits and Risk of NSAIDs in Relation to Its Association with Cancer: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Kalita Jishu , Dutta Krishnanu , Sen Saikat , Dey Biplab Kumar , Gogoi Pal
Published: August 2021

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are often used to treat fever and pain. Apart from its medicinal benefits, it is also well known for its numerous side effects, including myocardial infarction, gastrointestinal haemorrhage, renal failure, etc. Even beside these side effects NSAIDs are believed to play a major role in cancer. Though there are contrary of being inducing or preventive reason for cancer. Many studies shows NSAIDs are associated with the increasing risk of cancer. While as in various studies these drugs also have been investigated for their anti-cancer property as chronic inﬂammation has direct association with carcinogenesis. This review enlights the role of NSAIDs in cancer promotion and cancer prevention, connection between chronic inflammation and cancer, and some of the potentially lethal side effects of these drugs.
Nature‐Inspired Design of Twisted MXene Heating Wires for Robust Wearable Heating Textiles
Authors: Jeong Woojae , Shin Hwansoo , Nam Haneul , Cho Hyundae , Heo Jeongbin , Seo Jaesik , Han Tae Hee
Published: December 2024

This study investigated a biomimetic co‐assembly design strategy inspired by morning glory vines to create a stable wearable platform. MXene exhibits a remarkably high electrical conductivity, which is advantageous in heating applications. However, its susceptibility to oxidation gives it low stability in air, which limits its application potential. Conventional heaters degrade as a result of mechanical stress and environmental factors such as humidity and high temperatures. To address these challenges, a surface‐modified MXene fiber that is twisted with a supporting thread is developed, then coated with an insulating polymer. This twisting process is inspired by the ability of a vine to wrap around supports. It enhances the mechanical stability by distributing forces like bending, twisting, and stretching. The resulting MXene heating wire (MXHW) shows an increase in mechanical durability (with elongations of up to 17.5%) before twisting (1%). It remained stable under a 22.5 N load. Furthermore, the MXHW and a woven MXene heating fabric (MXHF) shows stable performances over 48 h under humidity of 99% and temperature of 80 °C. They retained their stability after 12 000 bending cycles. These observations emphasized the potential of the MXHF in wearable technologies to provide a durable solution adaptable to various environments.
Large Scale Synthesis of Red‐Emitting Quantum Dots for Efficient and Stable Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Chen Zhao , Tian Naifan , Chen Xiaohan , Zhang Yan , Liu Bochen , Yuan Zeli , He Chun‐Yang , Wang An‐Jun , Li Yang , Ren Shuming , Sun Zelin , Wong Wai‐Yeung
Published: December 2024

It is known that large‐scale synthesis of emitters affords colloidal quantum dot (CQD) materials with a great opportunity toward the mass production of quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) based commercial electronic products. Herein, an unprecedented example of scalable CQD (> 0.5 kilogram) is achieved by using a core/shell structure of CdZnSe/ZnSeS/CdZnS, in which CdZnSe, ZnSeS, and CdZnS alloys are used as the inner core, transition layer and outermost shell, respectively. It exhibits a high fluorescence quantum yield (>90%), a robust excited state, and a fast radiative transition rate. The investigation of morphology and surface state reveals the possible reasons for such excellent optical properties, which include uniform size distribution, no undesired byproducts, and high defect tolerance. The QLEDs exhibit a peak external quantum efficiency of over 21%, a high luminance of over 9.5×104 cd m−2, and a long lifetime of over 1.0×106 h, corresponding to the state‐of‐the‐art performance among the QLEDs based on the large‐scale synthesis of CQDs. Therefore, it is believed that an efficient and reliable strategy is provided toward the large‐scale synthesis of CQDs, which can be used as emitters in the QLEDs‐based commercial electronic devices and make the mass production of these products a reality.
Bright and Efficient CsSnBr3 Light‐Emitting Diodes Enabled by Interfacial Reaction‐Assisted Crystallization
Authors: Li Jinyi , Liu Yang , Zeng Jiejun , He Siyu , Zhu Xitong , Sun Xiaoyue , Jin Yizheng
Published: December 2024

Tin‐based perovskites are more environmentally friendly than their lead‐based alternatives. Perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) using iodide‐based tin perovskites have achieved considerable advancements in efficiency. However, PeLEDs using bromide‐based tin perovskites have not progressed as rapidly, primarily due to challenges in controlling their crystallization processes. Here, an interfacial reaction‐assisted crystallization method is introduced to achieve bright and efficient CsSnBr3 PeLEDs. It is started by forming an intermediate phase through the coordination of SnBr2 with ethylenediamine derivatives. Subsequently, a protonation reaction is designed between the intermediate phase and the acidic polyethylenedioxythiophene: poly(styrene sulfonate) hole‐transport layer to generate high‐quality CsSnBr3 films. Additionally, the use of potassium thiocyanate additives effectively enhances the photoluminescence efficiency of the CsSnBr3 films. These efforts result in CsSnBr3‐based PeLEDs achieving a maximum luminance of 787 cd m−2 and a peak external quantum efficiency of 0.91%, demonstrating the most efficient and brightest CsSnBr3‐based PeLEDs to date. This work opens an avenue to better control the crystallization of tin‐based perovskite.
Ultra‐Narrowband Green‐Emitting Transparent Composite Ceramics for Laser‐Driven Display
Authors: Hu Dahai , Lin Shisheng , Pang Tao , Zeng Lingwei , Xi Guoyu , You Fengluan , Wu TianShuo , Li Xiaoshuang , Wang Bo , Lei Lei , Huang Feng , Chen Daqin
Published: December 2024

Laser‐driven projection displays face a critical challenge in developing laser‐excitable and high‐performance narrowband green emitters. Herein, new Al2O3‐LaMgAl11O19: Mn2+ (Al2O3‐LMA: Mn2+) transparent composite ceramics are reported via high‐temperature vacuum sintering, which produces a high‐color‐purity (95.4%) green emission with full width at half maximum of 24 nm and superior thermal and moisture and laser irradiation stability. These are attributed to low electron‐phonon couple, weak crystal‐field effect, an individual lattice location of Mn2+ activators in high structural rigid host, and the incorporation of a high‐thermal‐conductivity Al2O3 secondary phase. As a result, the composite ceramics are demonstrated as an attractive color converter with a high external quantum efficiency (38%) and absorption coefficient (53%), which ensures a luminous flux of 2012 lm @40.0 W, a luminous efficacy of 67.7 lm W−1, and a green light conversion efficiency of 20.3% upon blue laser irradiation. This enables to construct a brand‐new laser‐driven prototype display with a record color gamut beyond Rec.2020 standard (100.8%), outperforming commercial YAG: Ce3+ and β‐SiAlON: Eu2+. This exploration in ultra‐narrowband green luminescent materials is poised to accelerate the development of “ideal displays” for laser‐driven projection display technology.
Decoupling the Effects of Interface Chemical Degradation and Mechanical Cracking in Solid‐State Batteries with Silicon Electrode
Authors: Huo Hanyu , Bai Yang , Benz Sebastian Leonard , Weintraut Timo , Wang Shuo , Henss Anja , Raabe Dierk , Janek Jürgen
Published: December 2024

Silicon is a promising negative electrode material for solid‐state batteries (SSBs) due to its high specific capacity and ability to prevent lithium dendrite formation. However, SSBs with silicon electrodes currently suffer from poor cycling stability, despite chemical engineering efforts. This study investigates the cycling failure mechanism of composite Si/Li6PS5Cl electrodes by decoupling the effects of interface chemical degradation and mechanical cracking. Chlorine‐rich Li5.5PS4.5Cl1.5 suppresses interface chemical degradation when paired with silicon, while small‐grained Li6PS5Cl shows 4.3‐fold increase of interface resistance due to large Si/Li6PS5Cl contact area for interface degradation. Despite this, small‐grained Li6PS5Cl improves the microstructure homogeneity of the electrode composites, effectively alleviating the stress accumulation caused by the expansion/shrinkage of silicon particles. This minimizes bulk cracks in Li6PS5Cl during the lithiation processes and interface delamination during the delithiation processes. Mechanical cracking shows a dominant role in increasing interface resistance than interface chemical degradation. Therefore, electrodes with small‐grained Li6PS5Cl show better cycling stability than those with Li5.5PS4.5Cl1.5. This work not only provides an approach to decouple the complex effects for cycling failure analysis but also provides a guideline for better use of silicon in negative electrodes of SSBs.
Performance Enhancement of Carbon Nanotube Network Transistors via SbI3 Inner‐Doping in Selected Regions
Authors: Guo Qing , Wang Xiujun , Zhao Pin , Zhang Zhen , Geng Lin , Liu Ye , Teng Yu , Zhong Yunlei , Kang Lixing
Published: December 2024

Semiconducting single‐wall carbon nanotubes (s‐SWCNTs) represent one of the most promising materials for surpassing Moore's Law and developing the next generation of electronic devices. Despite numerous developed approaches, reducing the contact resistance of s‐SWCNTs networks remains a significant challenge in achieving further enhancements in electronic performance. In this study, antimony triiodide (SbI3) is efficiently encapsulated within high‐purity s‐SWCNTs films at low temperatures, forming 1D SbI3@s‐SWCNTs vdW heterostructures. The semiconductor–metal transition of individual SbI3@s‐SWCNTs is characterized via sensitive dielectric force microscopy, with the results confirmed through electrical device tests. The electrical behavior transition is attributed to an interlayer charge transfer, as demonstrated by Kelvin probe force microscopy. Moreover, the electrical performance of s‐SWCNTs thin‐film transistors improves significantly with SbI3@s‐SWCNTs networks as contact electrodes. This process reduces the contact resistance between the s‐SWCNTs channel and the electrodes, enhancing electrical performance. Specifically, the contact resistance decreases to one‐third of the original, the carrier mobility increases by ≈10 times, the on‐off ratio exceeds 106, and the subthreshold swing reduces significantly to ≈65 mV dec−1. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of inner‐doping‐induced metallization of s‐SWCNTs in the contact region, essential for advancing carbon nanotube electronic devices and circuits.
Guided and Space Waves Multiplexed Metasurface for Advanced Electromagnetic Functionalities in Microwave Region
Authors: Guan Chunsheng , Cai Tong , Zhu Lei , Han Jianqiao , Ding Chang , Burokur Shah Nawaz , Wu Qun , Ding Xumin
Published: December 2024

Nowadays, metasurfaces have attracted considerable attention due to their promising and advanced control of electromagnetic (EM) waves. However, it is still challenging to shape guided waves into desired free‐space mode, while simultaneously manipulating spatial incident waves using a single metasurface. Herein, a class of metasurfaces capable of multiplexing guided and space waves is proposed to achieve advanced EM functionalities in microwave regions, which can find great application potentials in radar systems, wireless communications, and wireless power transfer (WPT). The proposed metasurface, composed of specially designed meta‐atoms with polarization‐dependent radiation and reflection properties, provides the capability to fully manipulate complex amplitude of guided waves and reflection phase of space incident wave independently and simultaneously, thus enabling arbitrary radiation and reflection functionalities without encountering crosstalk issues. As examples of potential applications, three advanced EM functionalities operating in both far‐field and near‐field regions are presented: low‐sidelobe microwave antenna with reduced radar cross section (RCS), multifunctional WPT, and feed multiplexed holograms, respectively. The far‐field characteristics of the low sidelobe level antennas showing radiated beams at ± 30° together with RCS reduction under arbitrarily polarized incidences are validated by both simulations and measurements. A good agreement between experiments and simulations is also observed for the near‐field intensity distribution of the hologram, which further validates the feasibility of near‐field shaping. The findings significantly expand the capabilities of metasurfaces in manipulating EM waves and stimulate advanced multifunctional metadevices facing more challenging and diversified application demands.
Recyclable Multifunctional PSOGs for Rapid Removal of Wastewater Pollutants (Oily and Dye)
Authors: Zhang Wannian , Du Yingquan , Gao Zhigang , Yu Fang , He Yu‐Peng
Published: December 2024

The treatment of contaminants in water has become one of the most critical environmental issues today, especially oil‐ and dye‐pollutants in water, for which there is still no efficient and economical solution. A multifunctional phase‐selective organogel (tert‐butyl (S)‐(5‐amino‐1,5‐dioxo‐1‐(tetradecylamino)pentan‐2‐yl)carbamate, TBTC) is developed to remove oils and dyes from water. Benefiting from the significant van der Waals interaction between the long alkyl chain of TBTC and the oil, TBTC can rapidly disperse into the oil phase. Then, TBTC aggregates into fibers and solidifies oil through a repairable, dynamic, and balanced hydrogen bonding network, which can solidify and recover the spilled oil at room temperature. TBTC can also efficiently remove more than a dozen typical dye contaminants through a host–guest recognition mode. The mechanism of host–guest recognition is studied by experiment combined with multiscale calculations. Partial 1H VT NMR, FTIR, and XRD experiments have shown that the main driving force for TBTC gelation and host–guest recognition originates from interaction hydrogen bonding, are TBTC specifically recognizes dye molecules through weak hydrogen bonding interactions and rapidly aggregates to form precipitates. TBTC‐based organogel provides a potential solution for oil spill recovery and removal of dyes from water.