bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Building an Age Friendly Community
Authors: Bradley Dana Burr , Fitzgerald Kelly G.
Published: April 2013

Many communities are responding to population aging by investing in ways to make their cities more “age-friendly.” A key component of this effort revolves around collaborative communication strategy. This article reviews the World Health Organization (WHO) efforts through its Global Network of Age-Friendly Cities and Communities to engage and assist cities in planning for the future. In collaboration with partners from developed and developing countries, WHO identified features of age-friendly cities in eight domains: outdoor spaces; transportation; housing; social participation; respect and social inclusion; civic participation and employment; communication and information; and community support and health services. The author discusses how one city, Bowling Green, KY, is implementing the WHO framework. Particular attention is paid to how strategies are being developed to increase communication and information sharing around the last domain, health care. This article concludes with implications for using online modalities to enhance planning for age-friendly communities.
Exploring a Nursing Community Online
Authors: Fox Rebekah , Abrahamson Kathleen , Anderson James G.
Published: April 2013

Online forums offer researchers opportunities to investigate communities in unobtrusive ways to understand better the experiences, concerns, and stories of those who contribute. In this exploratory study, the authors analyze content from one online nursing community to highlight the breadth of topics being discussed outside of the nursing workplace but within the nursing community (e.g. topics, that when taken together, begin to structure a collective narrative for this on-line community). Then, the authors explore one specific topic being discussed by this nursing community, nurse bullying, in an effort to better understand how the current nursing literature’s coverage of the topic compares with the discussion emerging from this on-line community. Finally, suggestions for using on-line forums as research sites are discussed.
Investigation of the Philosophy Practised in Green and Lean Manufacturing Management
Authors: Aminuddin Adam Shariff Adli , Nawawi Mohd Kamal Mohd
Published: April 2013

Green manufacturing management has attracted research attention in the recent past. In this paper, an attempt is made to review the status of literature and philosophy practised in Green manufacturing management. A number of articles and refereed journals are reviewed and classified into the types of the industry, with the focus on automotive industry. Knowledge, understanding and culture of green manufacturing philosophy within this focused industry community are captured, in order to develop the theoretical framework and design for Green manufacturing management.
Featuring CIO
Authors: Cano Carmen , Fernández-Sanz Luis , Misra Sanjay
Published: April 2013

This paper describes how the CIO (Chief Information Officer) position appears as a key role in the organizations and the requirements for candidates. The authors compare the requirements presented in different studies to know what are the most important skills for a successful performance as a CIO. They stress the importance of non technical skills as key factors for professional performance. The authors have compared soft skills for CIO or equivalent positions and other professional profiles like programmers or analysts using data taken from thousands of job ads. An overview of the most valuable skills (especially soft skills) for CIOS is presented.
Panoramic Street-View Exploration using a Multi-Display Mobile Application
Authors: Stirbu Vlad , Belimpasakis Petros
Published: April 2013

In this paper the authors experiment with multi-display mobile applications that can be used in an environment where multiple smart phones are co-located within the same physical space. Utilizing Remote User Interface interaction metaphor and the REST architectural style they propose a solution that follows the Remote Model-View-Controller model, in such a way that client devices do not need to have application specific software pre-installed. The authors demonstrate the system with the Panorama Bricks application, for displaying, in a multi-display expanded view, street-view style mirror-world panoramas, in a synchronized manner. The architecture proves that such enhanced application scenarios are possible to implement even today, utilizing off-the-shelf mobile smart phones. Their evaluations prove that responsiveness levels are high, even in scenarios where multiple objects are overlaid on top of the mirror-world panoramas.
Semantic Handover among Distributed Coverage Zones for an Ambient Continuous Service Session
Authors: Nassar Rachad , Simoni Noëmie
Published: April 2013

In a user-centric approach, the end-user wants the best Quality of Experience (QoE) and the highest context-awareness. Throughout end-user’s spatial mobility, service providers must continuously adapt the end-user’s service session according to his or her new ambient context, without neglecting functional preferences and demanded Quality of Service (QoS). Many spatial mobility management solutions have been conceived to help operators managing the network part of their end-users’ sessions. However, this problem is not yet investigated on the service layer. For this purpose, the authors propose in this paper the concept of semantic handover. This concept acts on the service layer by analogy to the network’s handover mechanisms. It is based on three complementary roles: the initiator, that detects a spatial mobility and initiates the semantic handover; the decider, that decides which services should be replaced in the end-user’s service session and what are their ubiquitous ambient counterparts; and the executor, that executes the decision and adapts the end-user’s service session to the new ambient context. This solution is based on highly scalable distributed coverage zones. Service providers must deploy their ubiquitous services, having the same functionality and an equivalent QoS, in different geographic areas, and they must associate each service to a specific coverage zone. Therefore, when the end-user moves among coverage zones, a semantic handover is launched to guarantee seamless service continuity throughout end-user’s ambient contexts.
Energy Efficiency of Mobile Device Recharging
Authors: Ruutu Jussi , Nurminen Jukka K. , Rissanen Kari
Published: April 2013

Because of losses in electricity conversion and storage only part of the energy taken from the power grid produces useful work in a battery-operated mobile device; the rest evaporates as heat. The authors analyze the recharging activity of a mobile phone to understand the efficiency of the different units involved (charger, EPM chipset, battery). Their measurements show that the efficiency is quite low; only about 15% of the electricity from the power grid ends up being used for the actual computing and communication elements of the mobile phone. It seems that there is room for improvement in the recharging efficiency. However, as the consumption of electricity of a single phone is small the incentive for improvements has been weak.
Diagnosing Student Learning Outcomes Using the Organizational Learning Contract Framework
Authors: Sutton Kyra , Ezell Jeremy , Sankar Chetan S.
Published: April 2013

Using the Goodman and Beenen (2008) organizational learning contract framework as a diagnostic tool, this study investigates the effectiveness of an academic institution’s learning environments by examining students’ perception of their mastery of the institution’s established curriculum learning goals. Students at a major Southeastern university were surveyed regarding their awareness of College of Business learning goals, their self-perceived goal mastery, and regarding learning environments they felt had helped them develop the related skill sets for each learning goal. Ordinary Least Squares regression and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. These results are analyzed and discussed through the lens of the Organizational Learning Contract framework, highlighting its potential in diagnosing curriculum fulfillment of expectations and goals.
Happy Measure
Authors: Swaminathan Rahul , Schleicher Robert , Burkard Simon , Agurto Renato , Koleczko Steven
Published: April 2013

The authors present a vision based augmented reality system called Happy Measure to facilitate the measurement, 3D modeling, and visualization of furniture and other objects using a smartphone or mobile device equipped with a camera. They also study the concomitant interaction metaphors that enable interactive 3D model capture and manipulation in augmented environments. The proposed system allows for interactive measurement of an object’s size and the creation of primitive based 3D models from a single photograph. The appearance of the furniture (color textured model) is captured by the system using the underlying (or multiple) images taken by the user. This allows the user to capture textured 3D models of furniture or other objects and manipulate them virtually for visualization purposes. The authors compare two interaction metaphors used to capture 3D textured models of object to ensure easy interaction while still obtaining accurate measurements in a user test. Results suggest that one is superior in terms of measurement accuracy and also subjective user experience as it allows for continuous touch interaction on the whole screen. Virtually placing a modeled object in another location is another aspect of the presented system and the authors explore a novel interaction paradigm to perform this task along with initial user tests.
Improved Evolutionary Extreme Learning Machines Based on Particle Swarm Optimization and Clustering Approaches
Authors: Pacifico Luciano D. S. , Ludermir Teresa B.
Published: April 2013

Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) is a new learning method for single-hidden layer feedforward neural network (SLFN) training. ELM approach increases the learning speed by means of randomly generating input weights and biases for hidden nodes rather than tuning network parameters, making this approach much faster than traditional gradient-based ones. However, ELM random generation may lead to non-optimal performance. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique was introduced as a stochastic search through an n-dimensional problem space aiming the minimization (or the maximization) of the objective function of the problem. In this paper, two new hybrid approaches are proposed based on PSO to select input weights and hidden biases for ELM. Experimental results show that the proposed methods are able to achieve better generalization performance than traditional ELM in real benchmark datasets.
A Complexity-Invariant Measure Based on Fractal Dimension for Time Series Classification
Authors: Prati Ronaldo C. , Batista Gustavo E. A. P. A.
Published: April 2013

Classification is an important task in time series mining. It is often reported in the literature that nearest neighbor classifiers perform quite well in time series classification, especially if the distance measure properly deals with invariances required by the domain. Complexity invariance was recently introduced, aiming to compensate from a bias towards classes with simple time series representatives in nearest neighbor classification. To this end, a complexity correcting factor based on the ratio of the more complex to the simpler series was proposed. The original formulation uses the length of the rectified time series to estimate its complexity. In this paper the authors investigate an alternative complexity estimate, based on fractal dimension. Results show that this alternative is very competitive with the original proposal, and has a broader application as it does neither depend on the number of points in the series nor on a previous normalization. Furthermore, these results also verify, using a different formulation, the validity of complexity invariance in time series classification.
Advancing Cyber Resilience Analysis with Performance-Based Metrics from Infrastructure Assessments
Authors: Vugrin Eric D. , Turgeon Jennifer
Published: April 2013

Cyber resilience is becoming increasingly recognized as a critical component of comprehensive cybersecurity practices. Current cyber resilience assessment approaches are primarily qualitative methods, making validation of their resilience analyses and enhancement recommendations difficult, if not impossible. The evolution of infrastructure resilience assessment methods has paralleled that of their cyber counterparts. However, the development of performance-based assessment methods has shown promise for overcoming the validation challenge for infrastructure systems. This paper describes a hybrid infrastructure resilience assessment approach that combines both qualitative analysis techniques with performance-based metrics. The qualitative component enables identification of system features that limit resilience, and the quantitative metrics can be used to evaluate and confirm the effectiveness of proposed mitigation options. The authors propose adaptation of this methodology for cyber resilience analysis. A case study is presented to demonstrate how the approach could be applied to a hypothetical system.
Use Mobile Devices to Wirelessly Operate Computers
Authors: Yang Yonggao , Wang Xusheng , Li Lin
Published: April 2013

Mobile computing devices, such as tablets, smartphones, PDAs, and game remote controllers, become very popular in our daily life. This article discusses how to turn these devices, more specifically smartphones and Nintendo Wii remotes (in short as Wiimote), into computer remote controllers. In the smartphone-based system, a smartphone is extended to be the computer’s wireless keyboard and mouse. The smartphone and the computer talk to each other through either wireless Ad Hoc or Wi-Fi access point network. In the Wiimote-based system, a Wiimote is turned into computer’s mouse, where the user moves the mouse cursor by waving the Wiimote in air, and generates mouse events through Wiimote buttons. The Wiimote communicates with the computer through Bluetooth. These systems can be used in conference rooms, classrooms, project seminar rooms, and even people’s living rooms, where a projector screen or a big-screen TV serves as the computer monitor.
Improving the Impact and Return of Investment of Game-Based Learning
Authors: Loh Christian Sebastian
Published: April 2013

Today’s economic situation demands that learning organizations become more diligent in their business dealings to reduce cost and increase bottom line for survival. While there are many champions and proponents claiming that game-based learning (GBL) is sure to improve learning, researchers have, thus far, been unable to (re)produce concrete, empirical evidence supporting this claim. Lacking appropriate assessment methodologies to showcase the effectiveness of the learning technology and to convince stakeholders that GBLs could really work, it is no wonder that many learning organizations regard GBL training as a potentially high-risk technology investment. This paper describes a GBL assessment methodology designed specifically to collect player-generated data in an in situ manner (i.e., within the game environment itself) through telemetry. This methodology further incorporate data visualization to translate the data collected into meaningful information and actionable intelligence for various stakeholders.
LIPS and Proterozoic uranium (U) deposits of the Canadian Shield
Authors: Jefferson C W , Peterson T , Tschirhart V , Davis W , Scott J M J , Reid K , Raemaekers P , Gandhi S S , Bleeker W , Pehrsson S , Morris W A , Fayek M , Potter E , Bridge N , Grunsky E , Keating P , Ansdell K , Banerjee N
Published: April 2013

Most large igneous provinces (LIPs) are associated with lithospheric extension driven by mantle upwelling. The Dubawnt Supergroup LISP (Large Igneous and Sedimentary Province) contains two LIPs and a BLIP of mantle-sourced magmatism likely driven by lithosphere
plateau collapse and strike-slip deformation rather than plumes. LIP #1, the mafic/ultrapotassic Christopher Island Formation, was intercalated from 1845 ± 12 to 1785 ± 3 Ma with siliciclastic rocks of the trans-extensional Baker Lake Basin that partly covers the vein-style, unconformity
associated, 1828 ± 29 Ma Lac Cinquante U deposit and correlates temporally with the Martin Basin of Saskatchewan's Beaverlodge district. LIP #2, granite/gabbro/basalt/rhyolite of the 1.75 Ga Nueltin Suite, was intercalated with siliciclastic rocks of the Wharton Group, invaded pre-Thelon Basin
faults, and prepared the ground for basement hosted, unconformity associated U deposits inferred as <1667 ± 5 Ma (fluorapatite cement within Thelon Basin). Five to 10 km aeromagnetic rings are being investigated as potential, shallow bimodal volcanic centres that powered epithermal
precious metals systems. The two LIPs broadly mobilized U, moving it upward in the crust and available to paleoweathering, basinal fluid alteration and transport, particularly by leaching incompatible element-rich volcanic detritus. The thin, ultrapotassic mafic Kuungmi lavas cap the Thelon Basin
and this BLIP provides a 1540 ± 30 Ma (micro-baddeleyite) upper age for the LISP.
The proposed-plume-related 1.27 Ga Mackenzie event re-set unconformity U deposits in the Athabasca and Thelon basins, and developed new alteration vectors in the Athabasca Basin such as a third generation of chlorite. U-rich phosphate minerals in the Hornby Bay Basin dated as 1282 ± 11 and 1158
± 80 Ma suggest the Mackenzie event drove sandstone U mineralization.
New ages of mafic igneous events constrain the tectonic development of siliciclastic basins and hydrothermal fluid events that formed U deposits. Once covered by more than 2 km of Hornby Bay Group strata, Port Radium's classic uraninite veins cut the 1.74 Ga Cleaver diabase dykes and are, in turn,
cut by the 1.59 Ga Western Channel diabase; thus implying U mineralization beneath the Hornby Bay Basin unconformity.
Dating of Mackenzie diabase sills in the largely sub-surface Dessert Lake basin west of Yellowknife confirms its Paleoproterozoic age and supports correlation with the Hornby Bay and Athabasca basins. An outstanding question is the cause of the regional 1.4 Ga re-setting of U and precious metal
deposit ages in the Athabasca and Thelon regions.
Seroprevalence of Powassan Virus in New England Deer, 1979–2010
Authors: Nofchissey Robert A. , Deardorff Eleanor R. , Blevins Tia M. , Anishchenko Michael , Bosco-Lauth Angela , Berl Erica , Lubelczyk Charles , Mutebi John-Paul , Brault Aaron C. , Ebel Gregory D. , Magnarelli Louis A.
Published: April 2013

Powassan virus and its subtype, deer tick virus, are closely related tick-borne flaviviruses that circulate in North America. The incidence of human infection by these agents appears to have increased in recent years. To define exposure patterns among white-tailed deer, potentially useful sentinels that are frequently parasitized by ticks, we screened serum samples collected during 1979–2010 in Connecticut, Maine, and Vermont for neutralizing antibody by using a novel recombinant deer tick virus–West Nile virus chimeric virus. Evidence of exposure was detected in all three states. Overall our results demonstrate that seroprevalence is variable in time and space, suggesting that risk of exposure to Powassan virus is similarly variable.
Severe Eye Complications from Stevens-Johnson Syndrome in a Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Patient in Malawi
Authors: Schulze Schwering Markus , Kayange Petros , van Oosterhout Joep J. , Spitzer Martin S.
Published: April 2013

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a severe form of erythema multiforme that primarily affects skin and mucous membranes. In Malawi, manifestations of SJS may become more common in human immunodeficiency virus–infected patients receiving nevirapine-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) because the CD4 cell threshold for starting ART has increased from 250 to 350 cells/μL. We describe a patient with severe ocular complications from SJS that developed soon after initiation of nevirapine-based ART and cotrimoxazole preventive treatment, which led to blindness. We draw attention to preventive measures that can potentially reduce permanent ocular damage from SJS.
Localized Corrosion of Embedded Steel in Cracked Reinforced Concrete Pipes
Authors: Busba E. , Sagüés A.A.
Published: April 2013

The effect of preexisting surface cracks on corrosion of embedded reinforcing steel wires was investigated. Concrete pipes with two types of concrete (with and without fly ash cement replacement) were examined. Pipe sections having about 0.5 mm and 2.5 mm wide cracks were tested along with uncracked controls under both continuous and cyclic exposures to 500 ppm chloride environment. Electrochemical testing and subsequent destructive examination revealed a corrosion influence zone localized at crack-wire intersections. The zone length was about twice the wire diameter on each side of the crack if consolidation voids around wires were not present, but became greater otherwise. The 0.5 mm wide crack specimens exhibited better corrosion resistance than those having 2.5 mm wide cracks. Projection models, based on a corrosion-induced cracking criterion, suggested that the 0.5 mm wide crack conditions tended to result in slow enough deterioration progression to allow for autogenous crack healing mitigation to take place in the interim.
La literatura en la era digital: un análisis a propósito de Tierra de extracción de Doménico Chiappe y Andreas Meier
Authors: Gainza Carolina
Published: April 2013

¿En qué consiste la narrativa electrónica? ¿Cómo se produce este tipo de literatura? ¿Cuáles son las tecnologías y recursos estéticos utilizados en su producción?¿Qué efectos producen en el lector las tecnologías digitales incorporadas en la literatura electrónica? Las respuestas a éstas y otras preguntas relacionadas con la producción de la literatura electrónica serán exploradas en el presente trabajo, a partir de las propuestas teóricas de diversos autores y el análisis de la hipernovela Tierra de extracción de Doménico Chiappe y Andreas Meier.
Mechanical Properties of Enamel Nanocomposite
Authors: Biswas Nilormi , Dey Arjun , Kundu Saugata , Chakraborty Himel , Mukhopadhyay Anoop K.
Published: April 2013

For adult Indian premolar teeth, we report for the first time ever the simultaneous evaluations of nanohardness, Young's modulus, and fracture toughness of the enamel nanocomposite. The nanohardness and Young's moduli were evaluated from near the beginning of the middle enamel region to within ~10 μm of the dentino-enamel junction (DEJ) and in the dentin region using the nanoindentation technique. The fracture toughness from near the middle of the enamel region to near the DEJ zone was measured using the microindentation technique. The deformation was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The relative differences in the extents of biomineralization in the enamel and dentin regions were studied by the energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) technique. The variations of the toughness of the enamel as a function of the toughness of the protein matrix phase have been analyzed which showed that the predicted value of the toughness of the protein present in the nanocomposite was comparable to that of other bioproteins reported in the literature. Further, the work of fracture estimated from the measured value of toughness of the enamel nanocomposite agreed well with the experimental data reported in the literature.
Um código de condutas para o recrutamento internacional de profissionais de saúde: O Manifesto de Melbourne
Authors: WONCA Working Party on Rural Practice
Published: April 2013

Adotado na 5ª Conferência Mundial de Saúde Rural da Wonca Melbourne, Austrália, 3 de maio de 2002
Le commentaire d’Eugraphius aux comédies de Térence
Authors: Laborie Sarah
Published: April 2013

Le commentaire d’Eugraphius aux comédies de Térence, que l’on date aujourd’hui du VIe siècle, est longtemps demeuré dans l’ombre de celui de son prédécesseur, le grammairien Aelius Donat. Ce corpus présente pourtant d’intéressantes particularités techniques : notre commentateur ne se contente pas de proposer une étude grammaticale du texte de Térence, mais accorde une place non négligeable à sa lecture rhétorique. Par ailleurs, il se soucie de donner à son commentaire une forme plus rédigée, plus construite, qui explique sans doute que ce texte ait été relativement peu démembré au cours de sa transmission. Cette ambition de produire une oeuvre véritable, et pas une simple accumulation de gloses, témoigne d’une volonté auctoriale qui se manifeste aussi par l’emploi, dans le commentaire, des première et deuxième personnes.
Docteurs et doctorants en science politique au Québec (1997-2010) 1
Authors: Cornut Jérémie , Larivière Vincent
Published: April 2013

Quelles sont les caractéristiques des étudiants inscrits à un programme de doctorat en science politique au Québec entre 1997 et 2010 ? Pour répondre à cette question, les données administratives des étudiants ont été croisées avec les informations sur leur financement et leurs publications. Les résultats révèlent que les étudiants financés par les conseils fédéraux et provinciaux terminent plus rapidement leurs études, publient davantage et décrochent moins. Ils montrent également des différences en termes de lieux et de langue de publication, de financement, de diplomation et d’embauche entre les diverses universités québécoises offrant un programme de doctorat en science politique.
L’embauche dans les départements de science politique francophone au Québec et au Canada. Un bilan des années 2000-20101
Authors: Cornut Jérémie , Simard Carolle , Jegen  Maya , Cardinal Linda
Published: April 2013

Entre 2000 et 2010, les départements de science politique des universités francophones du Québec et du Canada (Université Laval, Université de Montréal, Université du Québec à Montréal et Université d’Ottawa) ont embauché 81 nouveaux professeurs. Quelles étaient les caractéristiques de ces professeurs au moment de leur embauche ? Quel était leur parcours ? Où ont-ils obtenu leur doctorat ? Quelle est leur langue d’usage ? Dans quelles revues ont-ils publié avant leur embauche ? Quel était leur âge au moment de l’embauche ? Quelle a été l’importance du genre, du statut au Canada et de l’origine ethnoculturelle lors de ces embauches ? Cette étude répond à ces questions en se basant sur le curriculum vitae que ces professeurs ont envoyé au comité d’embauche. Les données fournissent certaines indications sur l’évolution de la discipline.
A Low‐Toxic Multifunctional Nanoplatform Based on Cu9S5@mSiO2 Core‐Shell Nanocomposites: Combining Photothermal‐ and Chemotherapies with Infrared Thermal Imaging for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Song Guosheng , Wang Qian , Wang Yang , Lv Gang , Li Chun , Zou Rujia , Chen Zhigang , Qin Zongyi , Huo Keke , Hu Ronggui , Hu Junqing
Published: April 2013

Copper chalcogenides have been demonstrated to be a promising photothermal agent due to their high photothermal conversion efficiency, synthetic simplicity, and low cost. However, the hydrophobic and less biocompatible characteristics associated with their synthetic processes hamper widely biological applications. An alternative strategy for improving hydrophilicity and biocompatibility is to coat the copper chalcogenide nanomaterials with silica shell. Herein, the rational preparation design results in successful coating mesoporous silica (mSiO2) on as‐synthesized Cu9S5 nanocrystals, forming Cu9S5@mSiO2‐PEG core‐shell nanostructures. As‐prepared Cu9S5@mSiO2‐PEG core‐shell nanostructures show low cytotoxicity and excellent blood compatibility, and are effectively employed for photothermal ablation of cancer cells and infrared thermal imaging. Moreover, anticancer drug of doxorubicin (DOX)‐loaded Cu9S5@mSiO2‐PEG core‐shell nanostructures show pH sensitive release profile and are therefore beneficial to delivery of DOX into cancer cells for chemotherapy. Importantly, the combination of photothermal‐ and chemotherapies demonstrates better effects of therapy on cancer treatment than individual therapy approaches in vitro and in vivo.
Single‐Crystal Organic Nanowire Electronics by Direct Printing from Molecular Solutions
Authors: Park Kyung S. , Cho Boram , Baek Jangmi , Hwang Jae K. , Lee Haiwon , Sung Myung M.
Published: April 2013

A one‐step process to generate single‐crystal organic nanowire arrays using a direct printing method (liquid‐bridge‐mediated nanotransfer molding) that enables the simultaneous synthesis, alignment, and patterning of nanowires from molecular ink solutions is reported. Using this method, many single‐crystal organic nanowires can easily be synthesized by self‐assembly and crystallization of organic molecules within the nanoscale channels of molds, and these nanowires can then be directly transferred to specific positions on substrates to generate nanowire arrays by a direct printing process. The position of the nanowires on complex structures is easy to adjust, because the mold is movable on the substrates before the polar liquid layer, which acts as an adhesive lubricant, is dried. Repeated application of the direct printing process can be used to produce organic nanowire‐integrated electronics with two‐ or three‐dimensional complex structures on large‐area flexible substrates. This efficient manufacturing method is used to fabricate high‐performance organic nanowire field‐effect transistors that are integrated into device arrays, inverters, and phototransistors on flexible plastic substrates.
Homogeneous CoO on Graphene for Binder‐Free and Ultralong‐Life Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Huang Xiao‐lei , Wang Ru‐zhi , Xu Dan , Wang Zhong‐li , Wang Heng‐guo , Xu Ji‐jing , Wu Zhong , Liu Qing‐chao , Zhang Yu , Zhang Xin‐bo
Published: April 2013

Ultralong cycle life, high energy, and power density rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries are crucial to the ever‐increasing large‐scale electric energy storage for renewable energy and sustainable road transport. However, the commercial graphite anode cannot perform this challenging task due to its low theoretical capacity and poor rate‐capability performance. Metal oxides hold much higher capacity but still are plagued by low rate capability and serious capacity degradation. Here, a novel strategy is developed to prepare binder‐free and mechanically robust CoO/graphene electrodes, wherein homogenous and full coating of β‐Co(OH)2 nanosheets on graphene, through a novel electrostatic induced spread growth method, plays a key role. The combined advantages of large 2D surface and moderate inflexibility of the as‐obtained β‐Co(OH)2/graphene hybrid enables its easy coating on Cu foil by a simple layer‐by‐layer stacking process. Devices made with these electrodes exhibit high rate capability over a temperature range from 0 to 55 °C and, most importantly, maintain excellent cycle stability up to 5000 cycles even at a high current density.
Template‐Free Vibrational Indentation Patterning (VIP) of Micro/Nanometer‐Scale Grating Structures with Real‐Time Pitch and Angle Tunability
Authors: Ahn Se Hyun , Ok Jong G. , Kwak Moon Kyu , Lee Kyu‐Tae , Lee Jae Yong , Guo L. Jay
Published: April 2013

A template‐free, high‐throughput patterning technique named vibrational indentation‐driven patterning (VIP), which achieves continuous, period‐tunable fabrication of micro/nanometer‐scale grating structures, is reported. In VIP, a tilted edge of a hard material vertically vibrating at high frequency makes periodic indentations onto a moving substrate of any material softer than the tool, thereby continuously creating grating patterns at high speed. By modulating the tool vibration frequency, substrate feeding rate, and the tool tilting angle, the period‐variable chirped gratings and angle‐tunable blazed gratings can be easily achieved; they can be utilized in various optoelectronics and photonics applications. As an example, an infrared polarizer directly fabricated from the VIP‐created blazed grating is demonstrated.
Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Coupling Cyclization of Methyl Perfluoroalk‐2‐ynoates with 2‐Aminobenzonitriles: Synthesis of 2‐Perfluoroalkylated Quinolines
Authors: Han Jing , Cao Long , Bian Linglin , Chen Jie , Deng Hongmei , Shao Min , Jin Zhijun , Zhang Hui , Cao Weiguo
Published: April 2013

An efficient route to 2‐perfluoroalkylated quinoline derivatives through the copper(I)‐mediated coupling–cyclization of 2‐aminobenzonitriles with methyl perfluoroalk‐2‐ynoates is described. Moderate to excellent yields have been achieved under mild conditions. The reaction mechanism is also discussed.
Efficient Oxidative Chlorination of Aromatics on Saturated Sodium Chloride Solution
Authors: Gu Liuqun , Lu Ting , Zhang Mingyun , Tou Lijuan , Zhang Yugen
Published: April 2013

An efficient metal‐free system using saturated aqueous sodium chloride/aqueous ammonium chloride solution as chlorine source and potassium persulfate as a cheap oxidant for the chlorination of various aromatic compounds including deactivated ones has been developed that proceeds without any acid additive in an excellent regioselective manner. The easy‐to‐handle aqueous solution/acetonitrile biphasic system as solvent and no need for precautionary measures make this process very practical.
Interconvertible Self‐Assembly and Rheological Properties of Planar Bilayers and Vesicle Gels in Anionic/Nonionic (CF/CH) Surfactant Solutions
Authors: Dong Renhao , Wu Jing , Dong Shuli , Song Shasha , Tian Feng , Hao Jingcheng
Published: April 2013

The surface and bulk properties of aqueous mixtures of nonionic tetraethylene glycol monododecyl ether (C12EO4) and anionic perfluorolauric acid (PFLA) were studied. These mixtures exhibited pronounced synergistic effects in terms of their mixed micellization and rheological properties. Only one type of mixed micelle is formed in dilute mixed solutions. At low PFLA content, with increasing the total surfactant concentration, short thread‐like micelles grow to form larger discs. On increasing the amount of PFLA, owing to the fact that the fluctuant planar bilayers of nonionic C12EO4 become charged, vesicle gels that are comprised of densely packed unilamellar and multilamellar vesicles spontaneously form, in which the fluorocarbon chains in the bilayers are in a fluid state at room temperature. The elastic properties and the yield stress of the lamellar solutions largely increase upon the addition of small amounts of PFLA and they then pass through a maximum at a saturation of effective membrane charge density. Interestingly, increasing the pH value of the gels causes a backward transition from stiff vesicles to flexible planar bilayers. On increasing the amount of NaOH, the bilayers exhibit greater flexibility, owing to the decrease in membrane charges, along with a large decrease in the solution viscosity and their elastic properties. The combination of strong stability of the vesicle gels with the interconvertible transition of bilayers and vesicles is expected to be of practical use for controlled drug delivery and release.
[Fe(TPT)2/3{MI(CN)2}2]⋅nSolv (MI=Ag, Au): New Bimetallic Porous Coordination Polymers with Spin‐Crossover Properties
Authors: Arcís‐Castillo Zulema , Muñoz M. Carmen , Molnár Gábor , Bousseksou Azzedine , Real José Antonio
Published: April 2013

Two new heterobimetallic porous coordination polymers with the formula [Fe(TPT)2/3{MI(CN)2}2]⋅nSolv (TPT=[(2,4,6‐tris(4‐pyridyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine]; MI=Ag (nSolv=0, 1 MeOH, 2 CH2Cl2), Au (nSolv=0, 2 CH2Cl2)) have been synthesized and their crystal structures were determined at 120 K and 293 K by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. These structures crystallized in the trigonal R‐3m space group. The FeII ion resides at an inversion centre that defines a [FeN6] coordination core. Four dicyanometallate groups coordinate at the equatorial positions, whilst the axial positions are occupied by the TPT ligand. Each TPT ligand is centred in a ternary axis and bridges three crystallographically equivalent FeII ions, whilst each dicyanometallate group bridges two crystallographically equivalent FeII ions that define a 3D network with the topology of NbO. There are two such networks, which interpenetrate each other, thereby giving rise to large spaces in which very labile solvent molecules are included (CH2Cl2 or MeOH). Crystallographic analysis confirmed the reversible structural changes that were associated with the occurrence of spin‐crossover behaviour at the FeII ions, the most significant structural variation being the change in unit‐cell volume (about 59 Å3 per FeII ion). The spin‐crossover behaviour has been monitored by means of thermal dependence of the magnetic properties, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and calorimetry.
Dense Iodine‐Rich Compounds with Low Detonation Pressures as Biocidal Agents
Authors: He Chunlin , Zhang Jiaheng , Shreeve Jean'ne M
Published: April 2013

Fifteen iodo compounds and six iodyl compounds with an iodine content between 45.3 and 89.0 % were prepared. The mono, di, and triiodyl compounds were obtained from the corresponding iodo compound by employing Oxone. All the compounds were characterized by IR, 1H and 13C NMR, elemental analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The impact sensitivity was measured by using BAM (Bundesamt für Materialforschung) methodology. Based on the calculated heats of formation and experimental densities, the detonation properties and detonation products were predicted by employing Cheetah 6.0. A total percentage of iodine‐containing species in wt % (I2, HI, and I in gas phase) ranged from 46.7 (21) to 88.94 % (11) was found in the detonation products. The high concentration and easy accessibility of iodine and/or iodine‐containing species is very important in developing materials suitable as Agent Defeat Weapons (ADWs).
Conformational Sensitivity in Photoelectron Circular Dichroism of 3‐Methylcyclopentanone
Authors: Turchini Stefano , Catone Daniele , Zema Nicola , Contini Giorgio , Prosperi Tommaso , Decleva Piero , Stener Mauro , Rondino Flaminia , Piccirillo Susanna , Prince Kevin C. , Speranza Maurizio
Published: April 2013

A study of (R)‐3‐methylcyclopentanone [(R)‐3‐MCP] by photoelectron spectroscopy and photoelectron circular dichroism (PECD) is presented. The synchrotron radiation gas‐phase photoelectron spectra of (R)‐3‐MCP were measured and are discussed on the basis of different theoretical methodologies. The experimental dichroism of (R)‐3‐MCP for selected deconvoluted valence states and for the carbonyl carbon 1s core state are reported and reproduced well by calculated dispersions generated by considering the contributions of two different conformers. The theoretical dichroic parameters are calculated by employing a multicentre basis set of B‐spline functions and a Kohn–Sham Hamiltonian. Temperature‐dependent PECD studies of the HOMO state and the carbonyl carbon 1s core level allowed the separation of the contributions of each conformer by photoelectron dichroism. This new approach clearly shows how the PECD methodology is sensitive to conformational and structural changes of unoriented (R)‐3‐MCP in the gas phase, opening up new perspectives in the characterisation of chiral molecular systems.
Carboxylate‐Assisted Formation of Alkylcarbonate Species from CO2 and Tetramethylammonium Salts with a β‐Amino Acid Anion
Authors: Hong Sung Yun , Cheon Youngeun , Shin Seung Hoon , Lee Hyunjoo , Cheong Minserk , Kim Hoon Sik
Published: April 2013

Tetramethylammonium‐based molten salts bearing a β‐amino acid anion (TMAAs) are synthesized through Michael addition reactions of amines with methyl acrylate followed by hydrolysis and subsequent neutralization by using aqueous tetramethylammonium hydroxide. The CO2 capture performances of the TMAAs are evaluated and are shown to interact with CO2 in a 1:1 mode in both water and alcohol. FTIR and 13C NMR spectroscopic studies on the interactions of TMAAs with CO2 indicate that the type of CO2 adduct varies with the solvent used. When water is used as the solvent, a bicarbonate species is produced, whereas hydroxyethylcarbonate and methylcarbonate species are generated in ethylene glycol and methanol, respectively. Computational calculations show that the carboxylate groups of TMAAs contribute towards the formation and stabilization of 1:1 CO2 adducts through hydrogen bonding interactions with the hydrogen atoms of the amino groups.
Using pedigree reconstruction to estimate population size: genotypes are more than individually unique marks
Authors: Creel Scott , Rosenblatt Elias
Published: April 2013

Estimates of population size are critical for conservation and management, but accurate estimates are difficult to obtain for many species. Noninvasive genetic methods are increasingly used to estimate population size, particularly in elusive species such as large carnivores, which are difficult to count by most other methods. In most such studies, genotypes are treated simply as unique individual identifiers. Here, we develop a new estimator of population size based on pedigree reconstruction. The estimator accounts for individuals that were directly sampled, individuals that were not sampled but whose genotype could be inferred by pedigree reconstruction, and individuals that were not detected by either of these methods. Monte Carlo simulations show that the population estimate is unbiased and precise if sampling is of sufficient intensity and duration. Simulations also identified sampling conditions that can cause the method to overestimate or underestimate true population size; we present and discuss methods to correct these potential biases. The method detected 2–21% more individuals than were directly sampled across a broad range of simulated sampling schemes. Genotypes are more than unique identifiers, and the information about relationships in a set of genotypes can improve estimates of population size.
Caterpillars selected for large body size and short development time are more susceptible to oxygen‐related stress
Authors: Harrison Jon F. , Cease Arianne J. , VandenBrooks John M. , Albert Todd , Davidowitz Goggy
Published: April 2013

Recent studies suggest that higher growth rates may be associated with reduced capacities for stress tolerance and increased accumulated damage due to reactive oxygen species. We tested the response of Manduca sexta (Sphingidae) lines selected for large or small body size and short development time to hypoxia (10 kPa) and hyperoxia (25, 33, and 40 kPa); both hypoxia and hyperoxia reduce reproduction and oxygen levels over 33 kPa have been shown to increase oxidative damage in insects. Under normoxic (21 kPa) conditions, individuals from the large‐selected (big‐fast) line were larger and had faster growth rates, slightly longer developmental times, and reduced survival rates compared to individuals from a line selected for small size (small‐fast) or an unselected control line. Individuals from the big‐fast line exhibited greater negative responses to hyperoxia with greater reductions in juvenile and adult mass, growth rate, and survival than the other two lines. Hypoxia generally negatively affected survival and growth/size, but the lines responded similarly. These results are mostly consistent with the hypothesis that simultaneous acquisition of large body sizes and short development times leads to reduced capacities for coping with stressful conditions including oxidative damage. This result is of particular importance in that natural selection tends to decrease development time and increase body size.
The distribution of the thermally tolerant symbiont lineage (Symbiodinium clade D) in corals from Hawaii: correlations with host and the history of ocean thermal stress
Authors: Stat Michael , Pochon Xavier , Franklin Erik C. , Bruno John F. , Casey Kenneth S. , Selig Elizabeth R. , Gates Ruth D.
Published: April 2013

Spatially intimate symbioses, such as those between scleractinian corals and unicellular algae belonging to the genus Symbiodinium, can potentially adapt to changes in the environment by altering the taxonomic composition of their endosymbiont communities. We quantified the spatial relationship between the cumulative frequency of thermal stress anomalies (TSAs) and the taxonomic composition of Symbiodinium in the corals Montipora capitata, Porites lobata, and Porites compressa across the Hawaiian archipelago. Specifically, we investigated whether thermally tolerant clade D Symbiodinium was in greater abundance in corals from sites with high frequencies of TSAs. We recovered 2305 Symbiodinium ITS2 sequences from 242 coral colonies in lagoonal reef habitats at Pearl and Hermes Atoll, French Frigate Shoals, and Kaneohe Bay, Oahu in 2007. Sequences were grouped into 26 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with 12 OTUs associated with Montipora and 21 with Porites. Both coral genera associated with Symbiodinium in clade C, and these co‐occurred with clade D in M. capitata and clade G in P. lobata. The latter represents the first report of clade G Symbiodinium in P. lobata. In M. capitata (but not Porites spp.), there was a significant correlation between the presence of Symbiodinium in clade D and a thermal history characterized by high cumulative frequency of TSAs. The endogenous community composition of Symbiodinium and an association with clade D symbionts after long‐term thermal disturbance appear strongly dependent on the taxa of the coral host.
The future of immunoimaging — Deeper, bigger, more precise, and definitively more colorful
Authors: Tang Jianyong , van Panhuys Nicolas , Kastenmüller Wolfgang , Germain Ronald N.
Published: April 2013

Immune cells are thoroughbreds, moving farther and faster and surveying more diverse tissue space than their nonhematopoietic brethren. Intravital 2‐photon microscopy has provided insights into the movements and interactions of many immune cell types in diverse tissues, but more information is needed to link such analyses of dynamic cell behavior to function. Here, we describe additional methods whose application promises to extend our vision, allowing more complete, multiscale dissection of how immune cell positioning and movement are linked to system state, host defense, and disease.
A highly secreted sulphamidase engineered to cross the blood‐brain barrier corrects brain lesions of mice with mucopolysaccharidoses type IIIA
Authors: Sorrentino Nicolina Cristina , D'Orsi Luca , Sambri Irene , Nusco Edoardo , Monaco Ciro , Spampanato Carmine , Polishchuk Elena , Saccone Paola , De Leonibus Elvira , Ballabio Andrea , Fraldi Alessandro
Published: April 2013

Mucopolysaccharidoses type IIIA (MPS‐IIIA) is a neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder (LSD) caused by inherited defects of the sulphamidase gene. Here, we used a systemic gene transfer approach to demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of a chimeric sulphamidase, which was engineered by adding the signal peptide (sp) from the highly secreted iduronate‐2‐sulphatase (IDS) and the blood‐brain barrier (BBB)‐binding domain (BD) from the Apolipoprotein B (ApoB‐BD). A single intravascular administration of AAV2/8 carrying the modified sulphamidase was performed in adult MPS‐IIIA mice in order to target the liver and convert it to a factory organ for sustained systemic release of the modified sulphamidase. We showed that while the IDS sp replacement results in increased enzyme secretion, the addition of the ApoB‐BD allows efficient BBB transcytosis and restoration of sulphamidase activity in the brain of treated mice. This, in turn, resulted in an overall improvement of brain pathology and recovery of a normal behavioural phenotype. Our results provide a novel feasible strategy to develop minimally invasive therapies for the treatment of brain pathology in MPS‐IIIA and other neurodegenerative LSDs.

→See accompanying article emmm.201302668
Technology Centre Mongstad: the world's largest facility for testing and improving CO2 capture technologies
Authors: Stokset Vegar
Published: April 2013

Technology Centre Mongstad (TCM) in Norway is the world's first facility dedicated to the testing and development of carbon capture technology of flue gases from both a gas‐fired power plant and a refinery. TCM Managing Director Tore Amundsen spoke to Muriel Cozier about what makes TCM so unique.