bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LES TERRITOIRES DE GESAR : ALEXANDRA DAVID-NEEL ET LA MONDIALISATION DE L’EPOPEE TIBETAINE
Authors: Mauffrey Tristan
Published: February 2022

L’épopée de Gesar est étroitement associée, dans les représentations contemporaines, à l’aire culturelle tibétaine, bien que cette tradition poétique soit partagée sous différentes formes par des populations appartenant à des ensembles linguistiques, géographiques et politiques bien plus vastes. Son inscription au Patrimoine culturel immatériel de l’humanité par l’UNESCO en 2009 témoigne des enjeux complexes de la définition d’une géographie épique du Gesar, marquée par un double mouvement de déterritorialisation (par les traductions permettant sa diffusion textuelle en dehors de tout contexte d’énonciation traditionnel) et de reterritorialisation (par la référence explicite, dans ces mêmes textes, à un ancrage local sans cesse redéfini). On se propose ici d’étudier la manière dont la voyageuse et orientaliste Alexandra David-Néel, en élaborant sa traduction-adaptation de 1931 qui fera date dans la réception occidentale du Gesar, joue de ces différents modes de spatialisation du texte épique, pour lui faire reconnaître le statut de chef-d’œuvre de la littérature mondiale.
Hubungan Pengetahuan, Persepsi dan Sikap Masyarakat dengan Perilaku Pencegahan Wabah Virus Corona (COVID 19) Tahun 2021
Authors: Asfia Fida
Published: February 2022

COVID 19 merupakan penyakit menular dimana sebagian besar orang yang terinfeksi virus ini memiliki keluhan gangguan pernafasan yang disertai dengan demam. Serangkaian kasus di China mengungkapkan bahwa sebanyak 81% kasus memiliki gejala ringan, 14% kasus memiliki gejala berat, dan 5% kasus masuk kedalam kategori kritis. Studi yang dilakukan di Cina pada tahun 2020 menyebutkan bahwa dari 1576 pasien yang terinfeksi, sebagian besar memiliki gejala klinis demam yaitu sebesar 91%, diikuti oleh batuk (67,7%), kelelahan (51%) dan dispneu (30,4%). (Jing Yang et all, 2020). Penelitian ini dilakukan di Provinsi Banten pada bulan Juli s.d Agustus tahun 2021. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan Crossectional. Dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 143 orang diambil dengan rumus uji hipotesis beda dua proporsi. Teknik analisis data meliputi analisis univariat, uji chi square dan uji regresi logistik berganda. Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa Mayoritas responden memiliki perilaku baik dalam hal pencegahan penyakit COVID 19 yaitu sebanyak 56.6%., karakteristik responden mayoritas berada pada kategori dewasa tua (72,7%), memiliki tingkat pendidikan S1 (37.8%) dan Bekerja pada status pekerjaan (67.8%), memiliki tingkat pengetahuan Baik (58%), persepsi pencegahan Covid 19 yang positif (53.1%), dan Sikap yang positif (56.5%). Hasil dari Analisis bivariat yaitu ada hubungan yang signifikan antara usia responden, status pekerjaan, persepsi pencegahan covid 19, dan sikap dengan perilaku pencegahan covid 19 dimana nilai p<0,05.
Psychosocial status of Physical Education teachers according to socio-demographic characteristics (Condición psicosocial de los profesores de Educación Física según las características sociodemográficas)
Authors: González Valero Gabriel , Bastida Castillo Alejandro , Gómez Carmona Carlos David , Corral Pernía Juan Antonio , Melguizo Ibáñez Eduardo , Puertas-Molero Pilar
Published: February 2022

Currently, teachers are exposed to psychosocial risks specific to the educational context and it is important to overcome and anticipate the adversities involved. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the levels of stress, burnout syndrome and resilience in physical education teachers, as well as to establish the existing relationships according to gender and socio-occupational situation. The study had a non-experimental, descriptive, comparative and correlational design, with measurement in a single group. The sample consisted of 415 physical education teachers from all over Spain, with an age range of 21-53 years (M=28.78±6.15) and a heterogeneous distribution, representing 69.4% of the male gender and 30.6% of the female gender. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and an Ad-Hoc questionnaire were used to record socio-demographic aspects. Finally, it is observed that, for burnout syndrome, the subscale with the highest score is emotional exhaustion, followed by self-fulfilment and depersonalisation. For resilience, the highest scoring subscale is personal competence, followed by positive acceptance, control and purpose, tolerance of negative events and spiritual influences.
Resumen. Actualmente, los docentes están expuestos a riesgos psicosociales propios del contexto educativo y es importante superar y anticiparse a las adversidades que ello conlleva. Por ello, este estudio pretende analizar los niveles de estrés, síndrome de burnout y resiliencia en profesores de educación física, así como establecer las relaciones existentes en función del género y la situación sociolaboral. El estudio tuvo un diseño no experimental, descriptivo, comparativo y correlacional, con medición en un solo grupo. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 415 profesores de educación física de toda España, con un rango de edad de 21-53 años (M=28,78±6,15) y una distribución heterogénea, representando el 69,4% del género masculino y el 30,6% del género femenino. Para registrar los aspectos sociodemográficos se utilizó la Escala de Estrés Percibido (PSS), el Inventario de Burnout de Maslach (MBI), la Escala de Resiliencia de Connor-Davidson (CD-RISC) y un cuestionario Ad-Hoc. Finalmente se observa que, para el síndrome de burnout, la subescala con mayor puntuación es el agotamiento emocional, seguida de la realización personal y la despersonalización. Para la resiliencia, se observa que la subescala con mayor puntuación es la competencia personal, seguida de la aceptación positiva, el control y el propósito, la tolerancia a los acontecimientos negativos y las influencias espirituales.
Abdominale pijn als atypische presentatie van een longembool
Authors: Vandenbosch T. , Bogaerts S. , Winnock de Grave P.
Published: February 2022

Abdominal pain as an atypical presentation of a pulmonary embolism

The diagnosis of a pulmonary embolism is frequently missed due to its varying and often subtle presentation. Abdominal complaints can be its only symptom, as was the case with a 55-year-old man. He presented to the emergency department with severe right-sided flank pain. He had no thoracic pain or respiratory complaints. Initially, a bile duct pathology or urolithiasis was considered. Technical studies could, however, not confirm these diagnoses. Based on blood results and imaging studies, the working diagnosis of pneumonia was made, for which antibiotic therapy was started. Because of persistent and unbearable pain complaints, further research was done, showing a saddle pulmonary embolism. Thrombolysis was initiated, after which the patient was admitted to the intensive care unit. The man recovered well and a pulmonary function test 2 months after his hospital discharge showed that everything was normal.

Despite multiple case reports in which abdominal pain was the only symptom of a pulmonary embolism, most textbooks do not mention abdominal complaints as a symptom of this condition. The authors of this article therefore argue to always keep in mind the diagnosis of a pulmonary embolism. Especially in case of unexplained abdominal complaints, this diagnosis should always be considered.
Ўзбекистонда хотин-қизларнинг сиёсий партия фаолиятидаги иштироки: миллий ва хорижий тажриба
Authors: Давронова Феруза
Published: February 2022

Мақолада мамлакатимизда хотин-қизларни қўллаб-қувватлаш, уларнинг давлат ва жамият бошқарувидаги нуфузи ва мавқеини ошириш, аёлларнинг сиёсий фаоллигини юксалтириш  борасидаги стратегик вазифаларни янги босқичга кўтариш тўғрисидаги  ислоҳотлар, сиёсий таҳлил ва илмий хулосалар келтирилади. Жумладан, аёллар сиёсий фаоллигини кенгайтиришда сиёсий партияларнинг аҳамияти ва роли, хорижий тажрибалар ва истиқболдаги режалар ҳақида сиёсий мулоҳазалар баён этилади. Шу билан бирга, жамият ижтимоий-сиёсий модернизациясида аёллар иштирокини таъминлаш динамикаси статистик  кўрсаткичлар асосида хориж, қўшни давлатлар ва Ўзбекистон мисолида қиёсланади.
Pragmatic features of audiovisual translation
Authors: Shermukhamedova Dilnozakhon
Published: February 2022

The article discusses the peculiarities of translation of audiovisual content and the concept of audiovisual translation, its varieties, as well as the originality of translation. Moreover, the article analyzes domestic and foreign research experience in line with audiovisual translation, separate approaches to the study this type of translation, the positive and negative aspects of each of the considered approaches are evaluated. The author examines in detail the text-centric approach to the study of audiovisual translation, concludes that its futility, opposing this approach to more developed in foreign translation studies functional, communicative-functional, descriptive-semiotic, linguocultural and integrative-interdisciplinary approaches.
1946-1980-yillarda Mirzacho‘l hududidagi migratsion jarayonlar
Authors: Davletov Rasulbek
Published: February 2022

Mazkur maqolada XX asrning 1946-1980-yillarida Mirzacho‘lni keng miqyosda o‘zlashtirish maqsadida hududga aholini ko‘chirib keltirish siyosati yoritilgan. Maqolani nashrga tayyorlashda tadqiqotchi arxiv va ilmiy manbalarga tayangan holda shaxsiy fikr-mulohaza va xulosalarini berib borgan.
Божхона тўғрисидаги қонунчиликни бузиш жиноятларини тергов қилишнинг процессуал-ҳуқуқий асослари
Authors: Зуфаров Ахмад
Published: February 2022

Мақолада божхона тўғрисидаги қонунчиликни бузиш жиноятини тергов қилишда аҳамиятли ҳолатлар, шунингдек, предметидан фарқ қиладиган контрабанда жинояти билан ўртасидаги фарқли жиҳатлари кўрсатилган. Шунингдек, бу йўналишдаги айрим олимларнинг фикрлари кўрсатилиб, божхона тўғрисидаги қонунчиликни бузишни исботлаш ва тегишли далилларни тўплаш бўйича айнан қайси тергов ҳаракатларини ўтказиш, уларнинг процессуал-ҳуқуқий асослари қайд этилган. Тезкор-қидирув тадбирларидан далил сифатида мустаҳкамлаш чоралари таъкидланган.
How to develop critical thinking when using independent learning skills
Authors: Rustamova Sevara , Absamadova Munira
Published: February 2022

At the same time, among the teachers of higher education, there is an opinion that critical thinking of students is formed in the educational process automatically, and it reaches the highest level in professional activity only as a result of many years of experience. But practice and research do not confirm a direct relationship between the length of service of a specialist and the level of formation of critical thinking. Therefore, an important task of vocational education is the search for technologies for the purposeful and systematic formation of critical thinking of students already at the stage of vocational training. This article is also about organizing critical thinking in student independent learning.
Lighting design and modern trends in the organization of museum exhibitions
Authors: Saipova Dilnoza
Published: February 2022

This article analyzes an overview of lighting design projects and organizations of expositions in museums of Uzbekistan. Which is aimed at combining modern and national ideas, searching for creative solutions in interior and exterior design. These projects will help people of all ages, especially young people, to create and develop their creative abilities. To increase spiritual and cultural values. This will give the most complete picture of the history and culture of Uzbekistan to both compatriots and foreign tourists. Preservation of historical and cultural heritage means national identity, national culture in the context of globalization. One of the important factors in the development of these projects in the cultural and tourism field is the study of the activities of international and national organizations. Who are engaged in projects of revival, preservation of cultural and national traditions.
Ўзбекистонда мол-мулкни ишончли бошқаришнинг назарий ва амалий муаммолари
Authors: Акрамов Акмалжон
Published: February 2022

Ушбу илмий ишда мулкни ишончли бошқариш тушунчаси, унинг асосий тамойиллари, бизнесда мулкни ишончли бошқариш соҳасидаги қонунчиликнинг ўрни ва аҳамияти ўрганилган.  Шу билан бирга, тижорат ҳуқуқи соҳасидаги қонунчилик ва мулкни ишончли бошқариш билан боғлиқ фуқаролик қонунчилиги нормалари таҳлил қилинди. Тадбиркорлик фаолиятида мулкни ишончли бошқариш соҳасидаги айрим хорижий давлатларнинг қонунчилик ҳужжатлари ва тегишли ҳуқуқни қўллаш амалиёти батафсил ўрганилди, ушбу соҳадаги миллий қонунчиликни янада такомиллаштириш бўйича таклифлар ишлаб чиқилди.
Gambaran Apraisal Sikap dalam Teks Dialog Penyandang Anxiety
Authors: Suriyadi Suriyadi , Erwinsyah Erwinsyah , Ahmad Sulaiman
Published: February 2022

Penelitian bahasa evaluatif dalam teori Apraisal ini menggambarkan makna yang terdapat dalam teks dialog para penyandang ansietas (anxiety) dalam grup Bye-Bye Cemas 3 (BBC3) yang  dapat berupa sumber-sumber bahasa yang tidak hanya memiliki nilai negatif tetapi juga  bersumber dari bahasa-bahasa yang memiliki nilai  positif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) untuk memerikan   apraisal Sikap dalam teks dialog penyandang anxiety dan (2) menganalisis apraisal Sikap yang terbentuk dalam teks dialog penyandang  Anxiety.

Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif analitis. Data yang bersumber dari teks dialog penyandang anxiety di grup whatsApp BBC3 dikumpulkan, dikelompokkan dan dianalisis berdasarkan data apa adanya yang dikomunikasikan oleh para penyandang anxiety.

Berdasarkan analisis data disimpulkan: (1)  penggunaan sumber-sumber subsistem Afek dalam apraisal Sikap paling dominan dibandingkan dengan kedua subsistem lainnya yaitu Penghakiman/Penilaian dan Apresiasi. (2), penggunaan sumber-sumber “takut” bernilai negatif paling dominan dalam subsistem Afek, kemudian diikuti sumber-sumber “ingin/hasrat” yang bernilai positif. Setelah itu, penggunaan sumber-sumber “kapasitas” bernilai possitif paling dominan dalam subsistem Penilaian/Penghakiman, kemudian diikuti sumber-sumber “tenasitas” yang bernilai negatif. Penggunaan sumber-sumber “kualiatas” bernilai positif paling dominan dalam subsistem Afek, kemudian diikuti sumber-sumber “valuasi” yang bernilai negatif. Dominasi penggunaan leksis subsistem Afek dalam percakapan para penyandang anxiety di WhatsApp BBC  pada umumnya disebabkan para penyandang anxiety berbicara tentang ekspresi emosi dan perasaan mereka berkaitan dengan penyakit cemas dan takut yang menerpa mereka.
Analisis Dampak Media Sosial Terhadap Penjualan Perumahan: Studi Empiris Penggunaan Iklan Facebook dan Instagram
Authors: Armanto Rully , Gunarto Muji
Published: February 2022

The development of digital technology is growing rapidly, as well as digital-based marketing activities. Because advertising marketing is the most important part of marketing, of course there are also many kinds of advertising media. In this study, researchers examined Facebook and Instagram social media ads, this study aims to determine how widespread or influence Facebook and Instagram social media ads have on home sales in Palembang. The population in this study is the people of Palembang City who live in Palembang City Housing. The results of this study indicate that both Facebook and Instagram social media ads have a positive effect on sales, but when compared with Facebook social media ads. Instagram has a significant influence.
Effectiveness of Arbitration in Construction Projects
Authors: Mishra A. K. , Aithal P. S.
Published: February 2022

Purpose: It is impossible to specify remedies against every possible situation that may be encountered in construction projects. Any dispute can be settled timely either by negotiation, mediation, adjudication, arbitration, or litigation. This study was based on the context of Road construction contracts selected from the Dispute Resolution Unit of the Department of Roads (DoR, Nepal. The emphasis of this particular research work was to evaluate the effectiveness of arbitration.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The sixteen case studies were the major basis as a quantitative study for the assessment of the effectiveness of dispute adjudication by assessing the success rate of arbitration. Also, the familiarities of the parties about the provision and procedure of arbitration and its spirit/strength to resolve the disputes and responses of parties regarding the arbitration award were assessed based on the qualitative study. The content analysis in terms of percentage was the main tool for data analysis.
Findings/Result: The arbitration award was not accepted in about 78.57% of disputed issues of these sixteen cases and referred to litigation, 42.86% issues were referred by the Employers, 25.00% issues were referred by the Contractors and 3.57% issues were referred by both the Employers and the Contractors. 100% of Employers and 100% of Contractors agreed that they know the procedure and provision of arbitration for the resolution of disputes. The majority of the Employers did not accept the arbitration award and referred to the cases to litigation while mostly were accepted by the Contractors except in a few cases. The majority of the Employers had the perception that the arbitration award was favorable to the contractors while most of the Contractors argued that the decisions were fair to both parties. The majority of the Employers said that it is comfortable to accept the litigation award concerning the arbitration award. It is a prompt, cost-effective, efficient, and easy way of resolving construction disputes. The rejection of the arbitration award has negative consequences for the efficiency of public spending and which is associated with the extensive delay in the project completion and the delay is associated with a cost overrun. While acceptance of arbitration award is associated with timely delivery of the project. The enforcement of arbitration awards is critical to the success of arbitration. In those countries where the arbitration is backed up by statute by acts and enforceable by law, it is found to be more successful and effective.
Originality/Value: This study helps the DoR, Contractors, and other agencies such as the Public Procurement Monitoring Office (PPMO), Nepal council of Arbitration (NEPCA), and different Auditors and arbitrators of Nepal as it gives the perception of the contracting parties towards the arbitration process to familiarize the spirit of arbitration in the Nepalese construction industry.
Paper Type: Policy Research
No effect of anthropogenic food provisioning and population density on the aggressive behavior of a territorial Cichlid: a case study
Authors: Pereira Rayan , Bessa Eduardo
Published: February 2022

Food provisioning for fish is a very common leisure activity, especially in tourist attractions, causing impacts that are still poorly understood. There are many species of territorial fish to whom energy availability can limit aggressiveness and population growth. Our case study evaluated whether food provisioning and the resulting population density modify aggressive behavior in a territorial cichlid, the Congo tilapia (Tilapia rendalli). We compared the aggressiveness between a population that receives large amounts of food and has high density and an unfed and low-density population. Aggressiveness was the same between provisioned and non-provisioned treatments, except when we offered food, which stimulated aggression in the unprovisioned area. Food provisioning by humans and density reduced nest area, but did not increase aggressiveness, suggesting a possible habituation to the presence of conspecifics and a reduction in competitive aggression.
L’Âge d’or
Authors: Hammond Paul
Published: February 2022

One of the greatest collaborations of cinema history, L'Âge d'Or (1930) united the geniuses of Luis Buñuel and Salvador Dali in the making of a Surrealist masterpiece - a uniquely savage blend of visual poetry and social criticism. The film was banned and vilified for many years in many countries, becoming justly legendary for its subversive eroticism and its furious dissection of 'civilised' values. In a remarkable, intuitive reading of L'Âge d'Or, Paul Hammond interweaves a detailed account of the extraordinary circumstances of its production with a dazzling interpretation of its aesthetic and political nuances. At once authoritative and polemical, this is a study entirely in tune with its subject, a fitting celebration of a major landmark in world cinema.
Utility of the group medical visit model for medication-assisted therapy
Authors: Tussey, MD Claudia C. , Reyes, PharmD Margaret D. , Thomas, MEd LCAS Rosalinda B. , Boyd, MA, CHES Charlotte T. , Spangler, MD, MPH John G. , Kirk, PharmD, CDE, BCPS Julienne K.
Published: February 2022

Objective: To describe a group medical visit (GMV) model to facilitate medication assisted therapy.Design: Retrospective cohort analysis.Participants: Adult patients over 18 years of age desiring to receive medication assisted therapy (MAT).Methods: We describe the MAT GMV model including the clinical flow and group facilitation processes. The key elements for documentation and the medical portion of the visit are discussed. Using descriptive methods, we report the characteristics of our patient population entailing demographics, co-occurring mental health diagnosis, and medication use.Results: A total of 32 patients have participated in our MAT GMV over the past 2 years with nine active patients. Age range of participants is 20-65, with about half of them between 31 and 54; race and ethnicity have been primarily White (87 percent) with equal distribution of male and female patients. Most patients had one or more co-occurring mental health disorder. The majority of patients had a prescription of buprenorphinenaloxone 8-2 mg twice a day (62 percent). Many of our patients had repeated co-occurring illegal substance use on urine testing resulting in program dismissal.Conclusions: MAT GMV is a straightforward and innovative way to deliver care to patients affected by opioid use disorder who are in a maintenance state. One of the biggest obstacles to successful participation in this program is repeated co-occurring illegal substance use. When remission is achieved via MAT GMV, provider efficiency is also increased and patients accomplish a sense of wellbeing via therapy, self-management, and medication assistance.
Socio-cultural festivals of Kumaun Region in Uttarakhand and dishes prepared there in: A Study
Authors: Dhariyal Narendra Singh
Published: February 2022

Uttarakhand state in India has two regions the Kumaun and Garhwal. The Kumaun
region , full of natural beauty and wealth , has a unique identity. Here the ethics,
living habits, food habits, dress, customs, religious beliefs. Songs dances etc., all have
its own colour. The existence of Kumaun dates back to vaidic period. In Skand Puran,
The Manas khand is stated which is basically the Kumaun region. There are so many
temples and holy pilgrimage in this region. Here the socio cultural based festivals are
celebrated and special dishes prepared in them. This culture is still preserved and
maintained. In this communication an attempt has been made to describe all these in
brief.
Frequency of retinopathy of prematurity at a tertiary referral center
Authors: Kasiri Niusha , Kasiri Ali , Farrahi Fereydoun , Mirdehghan Mohammad Sadegh , Kasiri Rozhin
Published: February 2022

Background: With advances in medical facilities and increased survival of premature infants, the prevalence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) has increased. This study aimed to determine the frequency of ROP and its associated risk factors.

Methods: This descriptive-analytical, retrospective study included all premature infants with a birth weight (BW) ? 2,500 g and/or gestational age (GA) ? 35 weeks who were referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ahvaz, Iran, for ROP screening over a 7-year period from April 2013 to April 2020. Demographic criteria, associated risk factors, and findings of eye examinations were collected and analyzed.

Results: Of the 812 at-risk infants screened, 807 met the inclusion criteria. ROP was observed in 316 (39.0%) of the 807 premature infants, with types I and II in 142 (45.0%) and 174 (55.0%) infants, respectively. The mean GA (29.6 ± 2.5 weeks versus 30.7 ± 2.5 weeks) and BW (1,203.6 ± 382.8 g versus 1,333.5 ± 386.5 g) were significantly lower in infants with ROP than in those without ROP (both P < 0.001). GA (r = 0.80; P < 0.001) and BW (r = 0.85; P < 0.001) had a strong positive correlation with ROP, and the correlation increased as GA and BW decreased (all P < 0.001). Associated risk factors in infants with ROP, in order of frequency, were oxygen therapy (22.8%), respiratory distress (16.1%), phototherapy (14.6%), blood transfusion (5.7%), apnea (4.1%), mechanical ventilation (1.6%), and intraventricular hemorrhage (0.9%). Multivariate regression analyses showed low GA and BW (both P < 0.05) as independent predictors of ROP.

Conclusions: The frequency of ROP in premature infants was slightly higher than the average range reported for domestic and foreign statistics. Low BW and GA were independent predictors of ROP.
Abril
Authors: El Editor
Published: February 2022

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 50, No. 558, 1995: 405-416.
The status of paediatric care in chiropractic practices in KwaZulu-Natal
Authors:   , Evans Kirsten
Published: February 2022

Background: Paediatric visits to complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) practitioners results from a wide range of childhood disorders. As there are significant anatomical differences between children and adults, scientific evidence for the effectiveness of chiropractic care for adults is not applicable to paediatrics, leaving a paucity of information supporting the management of paediatric conditions by chiropractors. Most studies regarding paediatrics have been performed in first world countries, leaving a paucity of information about third world countries, where the health care milieu differs. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the practice characteristics regarding paediatric care in chiropractic practices in KwaZulu-Natal. Objectives: This prospective, quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study based on a focus group refined and piloted questionnaire, determined the practice characteristics with regards to paediatric practice amongst chiropractors in KwaZulu-Natal. The total sample population was n=118, with each practitioner receiving a Letter of Information and Informed Consent Form and a Questionnaire. Data was analysed using the data analysis tools of Microsoft Office Excel and a p value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: A response rate of 36% was obtained. Most of the respondents were middle-aged, female chiropractors who had been practicing for less than a decade. Very few of the chiropractors held paediatric qualifications (18.6%). In terms of paediatric care, most of the respondents used a variety of conservative approaches as evidenced by the type and number of assessments, treatment and management procedures used in practice. Conclusions: The results showed that few chiropractors in KwaZulu-Natal see paediatric patients in their practices; however the chiropractors that managed paediatric conditions were predominantly conservative. This is positive for the chiropractic profession, as it shows diligent and responsible decision making within a vulnerable population group. Future research must assist with facilitating inter-professional relations with other health care professionals and public relations need to be aimed at creating more awareness generally regarding chiropractic paediatric care.
The effect of a dance and music programme on the functional ability of the residents of an old age home in Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal
Authors:   , Gqada Nomusa Constance
Published: February 2022

Life expectancy has increased rapidly since the beginning of the twentieth century and people aged 65 and older form the fastest growing segment of the population. With the onset of old age, comes social, physical and psychological challenges that result in morbidity and loss of independent life. For some of the socially and economically marginalized elderly this often means living in a long term facility. This study determined the effect of a dance and music programme on balance and function in the residents of a selected old age home in Pietermaritzburg. Aim of the study The study determined the effect of a dance and music programme on the balance and functional ability of the residents of the old age home. Methodology A pre-test/post-test experimental design was used in this study. The eligible participants were randomly assigned to two groups, the experimental and the control groups. The experimental group participated in the 12 week programme of a dance and music programme offered twice weekly while the control group received standard care. Both groups’ functional abilities and balance capabilities were assessed before and after the intervention. Results The results revealed that dance and music programme did not statistically improve balance and function. Function improved in the experimental group post-test compared to the pre-test. Positive feelings expressed during the classes indicate that the intervention had a positive effect on the participants. Conclusion The dance and music programme improved function. It is recommended that residents of the geriatric home be offered this dance and music programme as a long term activity.
Students’ Perception in Learning English through Blended Learning
Authors: Maulina Maulina , Sri Andriyani Alma , Amin Syarif , Nasrullah Rahmat , Asdar Asdar , Hamsiah Andi
Published: February 2022

Mobile technology plays an equal role with face-to-face interaction in the learning process in this current era. One of the most commonly utilized technologies is the use of social media integrated with the face-to-face teaching and learning as called a blended-learning. This recent study aims: (1) to investigate how the blended learning process is operated, (2) to determine students’ perceptions in learning English through blended learning. This study was an explanatory mixed-method research design using observation, questionnaire, and interview as instruments to collect data from the purposively selected 26 students. The results of this study indicated that the process of learning English through blended learning both offline (face-to-face) and online (WhatsApp application) was well-implemented. Besides, students also showed a lot of positive perceptions when learning English through blended learning utilizing social media of WhatsApp and through the face-to-face form of language learning interaction. Thus, the researchers concluded that blended learning maintains essential behavioral, cognitive, and emotional aspects in English learning.
Photographs in the Photo Archive’s Old Stock in Gazi Husrev-beg’s Library in Sarajevo
Authors: Meho Manjgo
Published: February 2022

Gazi Husrev-beg’s Library in Sarajevo, beside its rich stock of manuscripts, archival and museum collections, also houses a valuable collection of photographs within the photo archive’s stock, which is divided into the old and the new stock. The focus of this paper is on photographs from the photo archive’s old stock, taken at the time of the arrival of the Austro-Hungarian government, when the first professional photograph stores started up in this area. This paper aims at trying to determine whether the photographs from the photo archive’s old stock were signed by Anton Schadler, Walter Tausch, Ignatz Lederer, Ivica Lisac, Nusret Halačević and other foreign and domestic photographers who made a significant contribution to the development of photography in Bosnia and Herzegovina, or they were taken later in modest photograph stores. Moreover, based on the preserved lists of library materials and other archival materials stored in Gazi Husrev-beg’s Library in Sarajevo, the paper deals with the issue of forming the photo arhive’s stock and the ways to determine the processing, classification and systematization of photographs.
Strategi Pengembangan Wilayah Nodal Pertanian Berdasarkan Klasifikasi Wilayah di Kabupaten Ciamis
Authors: Marcelina Dina , Nasruddin Wasrob
Published: February 2022

Suatu kesatuan dalam wilayah pasti memiliki karakteristik keterlibatan yang berbeda dalam beberapa aspek demi menyongsong keseimbangan wilayahnya, salah satunya adalah aspek pertanian. Pertanian merupakan aspek penting dalam tata kelola suatu wilayah karena menyangkut pemenuhan kebutuhan hidup manusia sebagai penghuni wilayah tersebut. Kecamatan di Kabupaten Ciamis memiliki karakteristik keterlibatan pada aspek pertanian yang berbeda-beda. Perbedaan ini terletak pada peran masing-masing wilayah tersebut yaitu sebagai pusat pemasaran dan pusat produksi hasil pertanian. Pusat tersebut haruslah diketahui demi terciptanya pengembangan potensi wilayah secara optimal dan efisien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi pengembangan wilayah melalui peran wilayah kecamatan menggunakan analisis hierarki. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah teknik pengumpulan data sekunder yang bersumber dari BPS (Badan Pusat Statistik) Kabupaten Ciamis. Hasil dari analisis hierarki wilayah ini memberikan data berupa pengelompokan wilayah kecamatan yang ada di Kabupaten Ciamis berdasarkan jumlah sarana prasarana dan jumlah penduduk dari dengan sistem pemeringkatan besar-kecil. Urutan wilayah tersebut akan menjadi bahan penentuan titik lokasi pusat peran wilayah nodal itu berada. Hasilnya akhir menyatakan bahwa Kecamatan Ciamis ditetapkan sebagai pusat pemasaran produk hasil pertanian yang menaungi wilayah kecamatan hierarki sedang dan rendah. Strategi pengembangan wilayah kemudian dilakukan dengan memperkuat seluruh elemen subsistem agribisnis.
Closed Fracture Treatment in Adults, When is it Still Relevant?
Authors: Coon Matthew , Denisiuk Marek , Woodbury Derrek , Best Benjamin , Vaidya Rahul
Published: February 2022

INTRODUCTION

Fracture treatment has been documented since the times of ancient Egyptian and Greek civilization, with fracture reduction techniques and the apparatus for immobilization developed over three millennia. Over the last 150 years, aseptic technique, anesthesia, antibiotics, and internal implants have changed how orthopedic specialists approach fracture care. More recently, there has been an increased promotion in the medical literature to evaluate the clinical outcomes of nonsurgical treatment of common upper and lower extremity closed fractures.

METHODS

In this paper, the authors review the history of closed extremity fracture treatments, outline contemporary studies regarding treatments of non-displaced fractures, and discuss the recent literature that has informed orthopedic surgeon-patient decision-making discussions regarding closed fracture management.

CONCLUSIONS

Based on the results of this literature review, orthopedic providers should consider the preferable outcomes associated with nonoperative fracture management such as lower infection rates, the possibility of rapid functional improvements and lower healthcare costs. Nonoperative methods for closed fractures can sometimes be more safely delivered even with more difficult fractures. This may be of particular benefit to patients with higher surgical risks, minimizing exposure to treatments that are not only more invasive and expensive, but that can impose greater postoperative risks.
Tuberculosis Screening via Chest X-Ray is Financially Burdensome in Previously Independently Living Elective Total Knee Arthroplasty Patients
Authors: Khan Haseeb , Gupta Mayank , Bou-Akl Therese , Markel David
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

In 1995, to reduce the transmission of Tuberculosis (TB) the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended that all patients discharged from hospitals be required to have chest x-rays (i.e., radiography) performed before admission to long term care facilities (LTCFs). Previously independently living patients (PILPs) who undergo elective total knee replacement (TKA) surgery are a population at higher risk to end up in LTCFs for rehabilitation. By 2017, the incidence of TB was 9,105 cases compared to 22,762 in 1995. However, the recommendations that hospitals be required to perform a chest x-ray in all patients (including PILPs) being transferred to LTCF’s have remained in place. The purposes of this study were to: a) determine the incidence of TB-positive chest x-rays in PILPS discharged to LTCFs after undergoing elective TKA surgery, and b) assess the cost (i.e., both financial and possible exposure to unnecessary radiation) of mandated chest x-rays before hospital discharge to LTCF for PILPs.

METHODS

Retrospective 2012-2017 patient chart data were collected from the Michigan Arthroplasty Registry Collaborative Quality Initiative (MARCQI) to identify all elective TKAs for PILPs performed at two Ascension participating centers. Study data included sex, age, body mass index (BMI), length of stay, comorbidities, and chest x-ray results before discharge. Patients who underwent surgery for fracture, infection, trauma, or malignancy were excluded from the study. Categorical data were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test and Student’s t-test were used for continuous data.

RESULTS

The authors identified 4,041 total elective TKA’s, from which 500 PILPs were discharged to a LTCF due to functional, medical and/or social concerns. Chest x-rays were associated with 500 (100%) negative findings for TB. Overall hospital costs for chest x-rays for patient’s being discharged to an extended care facility totaled $90,848.

CONCLUSIONS

The mandated use of chest x-rays for TB screening of PILPs undergoing elective surgery TKA prior to discharge to LTCFs appear to place an unnecessary financial burden on the healthcare system. The mandatory use of x-rays for assessment of possible TB infection before transfer to LTCFs appears to also expose PILPs unnecessarily to radiation. Although further studies are needed to verify these results, the authors recommend that perhaps instead chest x-rays should be reserved for patients with specific comorbidities (e.g., patients on immunosuppressive therapy, with HIV, etc.) or for those patients residing in LTCFs prior to surgery.
The effect of ice supersaturation and thin cirrus on lapse rates in the upper troposphere
Authors: Gierens Klaus , Wilhelm Lena , Hofer Sina , Rohs Susanne
Published: February 2022

Abstract. In this paper, the effects of ice-supersaturated regions and thin, subvisual cirrus clouds on lapse rates are examined. For that, probability distribution and density functions of ten years of measurement data from the MOZAIC/IAGOS project and ERA-5 reanalysis data were produced, and an analysis of an example case of an ice supersaturated region with a large vertical extent is performed. For the study of the probability distribution and density functions, a distinction is made between ice-subsaturated, ice-supersaturated air masses and so-called Big Hits, which are situations of particularly high ice-supersaturation that allow the formation of optically thick and strongly warming contrails. The distribution functions show much higher lapse rates, which correspond to almost neutral stratification, for ice-supersaturated regions and Big Hits than for subsaturated air masses. The highest lapse rates are found for Big Hit situations, because of the strong interaction between radiation and high ice-supersaturation. For the examination of an example case, ERA-5 data and forecasts from ICON-EU (DWD) are compared. ERA-5 data, in particular, shows a large ice-supersaturated region below the tropopause, that was pushed up by uplifting air, while the data of ICON-EU indicates areas of saturation. The lapse rate in this ice-supersaturated region (ISSR), which is large, is associated with clouds and high relative humidity. Supersaturation and cloud formation result from uplifting of air layers. The temperature gradient within an uplifting layer steepens, both for dry and moist air, but for moist air there is an additional mechanism: it is the emission and absorption of radiation within the moist air: The upper part of this region emits longwave infrared radiation to space, while the bottom absorbs infrared radiation from lower and warmer layers, which consequently increases the lapse rate. This effect becomes even stronger, if ice crystals are involved (clouds).
Plant gross primary production, plant respiration and carbonyl sulfide emissions over the globe inferred by atmospheric inverse modelling
Authors: Remaud Marine , Chevallier Frédéric , Maignan Fabienne , Belviso Sauveur , Berchet Antoine , Parouffe Alexandra , Abadie Camille , Bacour Cédric , Lennartz Sinikka , Peylin Philippe
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Carbonyl sulfide (COS), a trace gas showing striking similarity to CO2 in terms of biochemical diffusion pathway into leaves, has been recognized as a promising indicator of the plant gross primary production (GPP), the amount of carbon dioxide that is absorbed through photosynthesis by terrestrial ecosystems. However, large uncertainties about the other components of its atmospheric budget prevent us from directly relating the atmospheric COS measurements to GPP. The largest uncertainty comes from the closure of its atmospheric budget, with a source component missing. Here, we explore the benefit of assimilating both COS and CO2 measurements into the LMDz atmospheric transport model to obtain consistent information on GPP, plant respiration and COS budget. To this end, we develop an analytical inverse system that optimizes biospheric fluxes for the 15 plant functional types (PFTs) defined in the ORCHIDEE global land surface model. Plant uptake of COS is parameterized as a linear function of GPP and of the leaf relative uptake (LRU), which is the ratio of COS to CO2 deposition velocities in plants. A possible scenario for the period 2008–2019 leads to a global biospheric sink of 800 GgS yr−1, with higher absorption in the high latitudes and higher oceanic emissions between 400 and 600 GgS yr−1 most of which is located in the tropics. As for the CO2 budget, the inverse system increases GPP in the high latitudes by a few GtC yr−1 without modifying the respiration compared to the ORCHIDEE fluxes used as a prior. In contrast, in the tropics the system tends to weaken both respiration and GPP. The optimized components of the COS and CO2 budgets have been evaluated against independent measurements over North America, the Pacific Ocean, at three sites in Japan and at one site in France. Overall, the posterior COS concentrations are in better agreement with the COS retrievals at 250 hPa from the MIPAS satellite and with airborne measurements made over North America and the Pacific Ocean. The system seems to have rightly corrected the underestimated GPP over the high latitudes. However, the change in seasonality of GPP in the tropics disagrees with solar-induced fluorescence (SIF) data. The decline in biospheric sink in the Amazon driven by the inversion also disagrees with MIPAS COS retrievals at 250 hPa, highlighting the lack of observational constraints in this region. Moreover, the comparison with the surface measurements in Japan and France suggests misplaced sources in the prior anthropogenic inventory, emphasizing the need for an improved inventory to better partition oceanic and continental sources in Asia and Europe.
The sensitivity of the Eocene-Oligocene Southern Ocean to strength and position of wind stress
Authors: Xing Qianjiang , Munday Dave , Klocker Andreas , Sauermilch Isabel , Whittaker Joanne M.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. The early Cenozoic opening of the Tasmanian Gateway (TG) and Drake Passage (DP), alongside the synergistic action of the westerly winds, led to a Southern Ocean transition from large, subpolar gyres to the onset of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). However, the impact of changing latitudinal position and strength of the wind stress in altering the early Southern Ocean circulation have been poorly addressed. Here, we use an eddy-permitting ocean model (0.25°) with realistic Late Eocene paleo-bathymetry to investigate the sensitivity of the Southern Ocean to paleo-latitudinal migrations (relative to the gateways) and strengthening of the wind stress. We find that southward wind stress shifts of 5 or 10°, with a shallow TG (300 m), lead to dominance of subtropical waters in the high latitudes and further warming of the Antarctic coast (increase by 2 °C). Southward migrations of wind stress with a deep TG (1500 m) cause the shrinking of the subpolar gyres and cooling of the surface waters in the Southern Ocean (decrease by 3–4 °C). With a 1500 m deep TG, and maximum westerly winds aligning with both the TG and DP, we observe a proto-ACC with a transport of ~47.9 Sv. This impedes the meridional transport of warm subtropical waters to Antarctic coast, thus laying a foundation for thermal isolation of the Antarctic. Intriguingly, proto-ACC flow through the TG is much more sensitive to strengthened wind stress compared to the DP. We suggest that topographic form stress can balance surface wind stress at depth to support the proto-ACC while the sensitivity of the transport is likely associated with the momentum budget between wind stress and near-surface topographic form stress driven by the subtropical gyres. In summary, this study proposes that the thermal isolation of Antarctica is a consequence of a combination of gateway deepening and the alignment of maximum wind stress with both gateways.