bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trends in Prescription Opioids Detected in Fatally Injured Drivers in 6 US States: 1995–2015
Authors: Chihuri Stanford , Li Guohua
Published: July 2017

Objectives. To assess the time trends in prescription opioids detected in fatally injured drivers.

Methods. We analyzed 1995 to 2015 Fatality Analysis Reporting System data from California, Hawaii, Illinois, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and West Virginia of toxicological tests for drivers fatally injured within 1 hour of a crash (n = 36 729). We used the Cochran–Armitage test for trend to assess the statistical significance of changes in the prevalence of prescription opioids detected in these drivers over time.

Results. The prevalence of prescription opioids detected in fatally injured drivers increased from 1.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.5, 1.4) in 1995 to 7.2% (95% CI = 5.7, 8.8) in 2015 (Z = −9.04; P < .001). Prescription opioid prevalence was higher in female than in male drivers (4.4% vs 2.9%; P < .001). Of the drivers testing positive for prescription opioids, 30.0% had elevated blood alcohol concentrations (≥ 0.01 g/dL), and 66.9% tested positive for other drugs.

Conclusions. The prevalence of prescription opioids detected in fatally injured drivers has increased in the past 2 decades. The need to assess the effect of increased prescription opioid use on traffic safety is urgent.
"We Can Draw!": Toronto Improvisation, Abstract Expressionism, and the Artists’ Jazz Band
Authors: Lee David
Published: July 2017

The Artists’ Jazz Band (AJB) was founded in 1962 in Toronto by abstract expressionist painters Graham Coughtry (trombone), Richard Gorman (double bass), Dennis Burton and Nobuo Kubota (alto saxophone), Robert Markle (tenor saxophone), and Gordon Rayner (drums). The AJB’s personnel shifted around this founding core, including pianist/trumpeter Michael Snow, electric bassist Jim Jones, guitarist Gerald McAdam, and saxophonist Bill Smith. They continued to perform into the 1990s. Few ensembles anywhere in the world so strongly foregrounded the relationship between abstract expressionism in the visual arts and jazz improvisation. Because of this, it is instructive to discuss the AJB’s music in terms of twentieth-century modernism, particularly in relation to the musicians’ immediate predecessors on the Toronto scene, Painters Eleven, and in the context of the automatistes in neighbouring Quebec, whose pioneering visual art also had ties to the free jazz of the 1960s and afterwards. The AJB’s introduction of modernist discourse—on the canvas and, by implication, in their music—influenced other improvisers associated with the AJB in the 1970s and 1980s. Modernist influences, stemming from the visual arts, encouraged a generation of musicians in Toronto to depart from more conventional “jazz” practices in order to pursue “free jazz,” free improvisation, and a host of performance possibilities.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions after Application of Landfilled Paper Mill Sludge for Land Reclamation of a Nonacidic Mine Tailings Site
Authors: Faubert Patrick , Durocher Simon , Bertrand Normand , Ouimet Rock , Rochette Philippe , Tremblay Pascal , Boucher Jean‐François , Villeneuve Claude
Published: July 2017

Large areas of mine tailings are reclaimed by applying organic amendments such as paper mill sludge (PMS). Although mining industries can use PMS freshly generated by paper mills, operational constraints on paper industries make temporary landfilling of this material an unavoidable alternative for the paper industries, creating the most prominent PMS source for mining industries. This study aimed to quantify soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (N2O, CO2, and CH4) after application of landfilled PMS (LPMS; i.e., excavated from a landfill site at a paper mill) and LPMS combined with a seeding treatment of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) on nonacidic mine tailings site prior to reforestation. Soil N2O, CO2, and CH4 fluxes were measured after applications of 50 and 100 Mg dry LPMS ha−1 during two consecutive snow‐free seasons on two adjacent sites; LPMS was applied once in the first season. The LPMS application increased N2O emissions (7.6 to 34.7 kg N2O‐N ha−1, comprising 1.04 to 2.43% of applied N) compared with the unamended control during the first season; these emissions were negligible during the second season. The LPMS application increased CO2 emissions (∼5800 to 11,400 kg CO2–C ha−1, comprising 7 to 27% of applied C) compared with the unamended control on both sites and in both seasons. Fluxes of CH4 were negligible. White clover combined with LPMS treatments did not affect soil GHG emissions. These new GHG emission factors should be integrated into life‐cycle analyses to evaluate the C footprint of potential symbioses between the mining and paper industries. Future research should focus on the effect of PMS applications on soil GHG emissions from a variety of mine tailings under various management practices and climatic conditions to plan responsible and sustainable land reclamation.

Core Ideas

Applied PMS for mine tailings reclamation affected GHG emissions.

PMS application increased N2O and CO2 emissions, whereas CH4 fluxes were negligible.

White clover combined with PMS treatments did not affect soil GHG emissions.

Mine and paper industries can integrate these GHG emissions into industrial symbioses.
Canadian and Australian researchers' perspectives on promising practices for implementing Indigenous and Western knowledge systems in water research and management
Authors: Stefanelli R. D. , Castleden H. , Cunsolo A. , Martin D. , Harper S. L. , Hart C.
Published: July 2017

National and international policies have called for the inclusion of Indigenous peoples and the uptake of Indigenous knowledge alongside Western knowledge in natural resource management. Such policy decisions have led to a recent proliferation of research projects seeking to apply both Indigenous and Western knowledge in water research and management. While these policies require people with knowledge from both Western and Indigenous perspectives to collaborate and share knowledge, how best to create and foster these partnerships is less understood. To elicit this understanding, 17 semi-structured interviews were completed with academic researchers from Canada and Australia who conduct integrative water research. Participants, most of whom were non-Indigenous, were asked to expand on their experiences in conducting integrative water research projects, and findings were thematically analyzed. Our findings suggest that Indigenous and Western knowledge systems influence how one relates to water, and that partnerships require a recognition and acceptance of these differences. We learned that community-based participatory research approaches, and the associated tenets of fostering mutual trust and community ownership for such an approach, are integral to the meaningful engagement that is essential for developing collaborative partnerships to implement both Indigenous and Western knowledge systems and better care for water.
Incorporating pollutants interaction with the environment and parameter uncertainty in water quality evaluation: a case of Lake Chauhan, China
Authors: Ni Jingneng , Xu Jiuping , Zhang Mengxiang
Published: July 2017

Water quality evaluation is a key task in water resource management and pollution control. Current evaluation methods are rooted in water quality index, which assesses the water quality based on the exact concentration of various pollutants. However, the interaction between the pollutants and the water environment should also be considered. This paper suggests a new approach, which integrates pollutant interaction with water environment and parameter uncertainty to water quality evaluation. The new approach is compared with traditional methods. Then, an inexact evaluation model, the integrated water quality evaluation model under uncertainty, is established in accordance with the proposed approach, in which catastrophe theory is used to deal with the ambiguous internal mechanism of the interaction between the pollutants and the water environment. As there are significant uncertainties in water quality evaluations, fuzzy random variables are employed to describe the inexact monitoring data. To solve the proposed model, a new algorithm is designed. The model is then applied to an actual case: Lake Chaohu, China. The results are compared between the proposed method and China's current evaluation method (i.e. max-index method). Some brief analysis and discussion are given about the results, which could be helpful in guiding environmental management decision-making.
Velocity-based analysis of sediment incipient deposition in rigid boundary open channels
Authors: Aksoy Hafzullah , Safari Mir Jafar Sadegh , Unal Necati Erdem , Mohammadi Mirali
Published: July 2017

Drainage systems must be designed in a way to minimize undesired problems such as decrease in hydraulic capacity of the channel, blockage and transport of pollutants due to deposition of sediment. Channel design considering self-cleansing criteria are used to solve the sedimentation problem. Incipient deposition is one of the non-deposition self-cleansing design criteria that can be used as a conservative method for channel design. Experimental studies have been carried out in five different cross-section channels, namely trapezoidal, rectangular, circular, U-shape and V-bottom. Experiments were performed in a tilting flume using four different sizes of sands as sediment in nine different channel bed slopes. Two well-known methods, namely the Novak & Nalluri and Yang methods are considered for the analysis of sediment motion. Equations developed using experimental data are found to be in agreement with the literature. It is concluded that the design velocity depends on the shape of the channel cross-section. Rectangular and V-bottom channels need lower and higher incipient deposition velocities, respectively, in comparison with other channels.
XV Международная конференция "Термоэлектрики и их применения --- 2016", Санкт-Петербург, 15-16 ноября 2016 г. Анализ кристаллической структуры сплавов семейства [(Ge,Sn,Pb)(Te,Se)]-=SUB=-m-=/SUB=-[(Bi,Sb)-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-(Te,Se)-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-]-=SUB=-n-=/SUB=- (m,n=0,1,2,...) в рамках теории плотнейших шаровых упаковок
Authors: Коржуев М.А. , Михайлова А.Б. , Кретова М.А. , Авилов Е.С.
Published: July 2017

В рамках теории плотнейших шаровых упаковок исследованы процессы формирования сложных кристаллических структур --- слоистых кристаллов тройных сплавов семейства [(Ge,Sn,Pb)(Te,Se)]m[(Bi,Sb)2(Te,Se)3]n (m,n=0,1,2,...) с различной симметрией (пространственные группы R3m, P3m1 и P21/m). Найдено, что структуры слоистых бинарных сплавов типа Bi2Te3 (R3m) и типа PbTe (Fm3m и R3m) являются родственными и формируются на основе триплета s3 с кубической симметрией (Fm3m), образованного атомами халькогенов (Se,Te). DOI: 10.21883/FTP.2017.08.44774.43
Контактные сопротивления в составных термоэлектрических ветвях
Authors: Драбкин И.А. , Освенский В.Б. , Сорокин А.И. , Панченко В.П. , Нарожная О.Е.
Published: July 2017

Разработан метод измерения контактных сопротивлений секционированных термоэлектрических ветвей. Чувствительность метода 2·10-6 Ом·см2. Измерены контактные сопротивления при коммутации секций различных термоэлектрических материалов. И коммутация, и материалы секций получены различными методами. Полученные значения контактных сопротивлений лежат в пределах 0.8-3.5 Ом·cм2. Оценки показывают, что при таких контактных сопротивлениях для 4 секций при высоте ветви ~1 см потери кпд в худшем случае составят не более 5%. DOI: 10.21883/FTP.2017.08.44782.51
Термоэлектрические свойства твердого раствора Bi-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-Te-=SUB=-2.4-=/SUB=-Se-=SUB=-0.6-=/SUB=- различного гранулометрического состава
Authors: Иванова Л.Д. , Гранаткина Ю.В. , Петрова Л.И. , Нихезина И.Ю. , Мальчев А.Г. , Аленков В.В. , Кичик С.А. , Мельников А.А.
Published: July 2017

Исследованы термоэлектрические свойства твердого раствора Bi2Te2.4Se0.6 n-типа проводимости, приготовленного горячим вакуумным прессованием из смесей порошков различного гранулометрического состава. Порошки получены механическим измельчением слитков и сверхбыстрым охлаждением расплава (спиннингованием). С помощью растровой электронной и оптической микроскопии изучены микроструктура и фрактограммы поверхности сколов образцов. Термоэлектрические характеристики (коэффициент Зеебека, электропроводность и теплопроводность) измерены при комнатной температуре и в интервале температур 100-700 K. DOI: 10.21883/FTP.2017.08.44784.53
Оптимальный рабочий диапазон температур и оценка срока службы термоэлектрика ZnSb:0.1 ат% Cu
Authors: Прокофьева Л.В. , Насрединов Ф.С. , Константинов П.П. , Шабалдин А.А.
Published: July 2017

Исследованы температурные зависимости концентрации и подвижности в термоциклах 300-700-300 K при разной длительности низкотемпературного отжига образца, предваряющего начало каждого термоцикла. Параллельно проведены 1500-часовый отжиг материала в перепаде температур 310-670 K и последующие измерения его термоэлектрических параметров. Результаты анализируются с учетом особенностей кристаллической структуры и ковалентного характера химической связи в ZnSb. Оценка рабочего диапазона и срока службы данного состава выполнена на основе модели взаимодействия примесных дефектов с понижением их акцепторной активности и ростом сечения рассеяния дырок при низких температурах. DOI: 10.21883/FTP.2017.08.44787.56
Примесные уровни в кристаллах Hg-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-In-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-Te-=SUB=-6-=/SUB=-
Authors: Чупыра С.М. , Грушка О.Г. , Биличук С.В.
Published: July 2017

Исследованы параметры примесных уровней в образцах Hg3In2Te6, при использовании температурных зависимостей концентрации электронов n(T) и энергии Ферми EF(T), полученных по данным коэффициента Холла R(T) и термоэдс alpha(T). Приведенный дифференциальный анализ зависимостей n(T) показал, что изменяя степень компенсации с помощью термообработки образцов, можно зафиксировать более широкий спектр примесных уровней в запрещенной зоне Hg3In2Te6. DOI: 10.21883/FTP.2017.08.44794.8476
Влияние свободных носителей заряда на двулучепреломление и дихроизм в слоях анизотропного пористого кремния
Authors: Секербаев К.С. , Таурбаев Е.Т. , Ефимова А.И. , Тимошенко В.Ю. , Таурбаев Т.И.
Published: July 2017

Экспериментально и теоретически исследованы оптические свойства анизотропных пленок мезопористого кремния, содержащих свободные носители заряда (дырки), в инфракрасной области спектра. Результаты моделирования оптических свойств полученных образцов в рамках приближения эффективной среды демонстрируют сильную зависимость двулучепреломления, анизотропии отражения и дихроизма от концентрации свободных носителей заряда. Вкладом носителей заряда с концентрацией порядка 1019 см-3 объясняются немонотонные зависимости спектров разностного пропускания образцов, измеренные при взаимно перпендикулярных направлениях поляризации света. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о перспективности анизотропных кремниевых наноструктур для инфракрасной фотоники и терагерцовой техники. DOI: 10.21883/FTP.2017.08.44796.8119
Распространение потока носителей заряда в тонком слое плоскопараллельной твердотельной структуры c учетом рассеяния на границах слоя
Authors: Керими М.Б.
Published: July 2017

Строение границ тонкого слоя плоскопараллельной твердотельной структуры влияет на распространение дифференциальных потоков носителей заряда в толще слоя и сквозь него. Рассеяние этих потоков на границах тонкого слоя влияет и на функцию распределения носителей заряда. Это рассеяние корректно учтено в интегральных граничных условиях для дифференциальных потоков к кинетическому уравнению. Для плоскопараллельного слоя кинетическое уравнение в приближении времени релаксации сведено к удобной форме, описывающей распространение дифференциальных потоков в толще слоя. В общем виде получено решение задачи о распространении дифференциальных потоков носителей заряда в слое структуры. Проведен анализ решения для толстых и тонких слоев разного типа --- металла, диэлектрика, полупроводника. Определены востребованные практикой задачи, в которых можно продуктивно использовать полученные решения. DOI: 10.21883/FTP.2017.08.44797.8156
Влияние растворителя сульфида аммония на пассивацию поверхности GaSb(100)
Authors: Лебедев М.В. , Львова Т.В. , Павлов С.И. , Седова И.В.
Published: July 2017

Методами рентгеновской фотоэмиссионной спектроскопии и сканирующей электронной микроскопии исследовано влияние растворителя на химический состав сульфидного слоя, образующегося на поверхности GaSb(100). Обработка поверхности GaSb(100) в растворах сульфида аммония приводит к формированию толстого (несколько десятков нанометров) покрытия, представляющего собой смесь различных бинарных и тройных сульфидов галлия и сурьмы. Обнаружено различие химического состава пассивирующих сульфидных слоев, сформированных в водном и спиртовом растворах сульфида аммония. Отжиг сульфидного слоя при 360oC приводит к частичной десорбции сурьмы и распаду тройных сульфидов на бинарные составляющие. DOI: 10.21883/FTP.2017.08.44803.8517a
Электронные и механические свойства, фазовая стабильность и энергии образования точечных дефектов боронитрида Nb-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-BN
Authors: Суетин Д.В. , Шеин И.Р.
Published: July 2017

Ab initio полнопотенциальным методом FLAPW-GGA установлены электронная структура, поверхность Ферми, коэффициенты Зоммерфельда и парамагнитной восприимчивости Паули, энергии когезии, формирования фаз и точечных дефектов, константы упругости, модули сжатия, сдвига и Юнга, коэффициенты Пуассона, микротвердость по Виккерсу боронитрида Nb2BN, которые обсуждаются в сравнении с аналогичными данными для борокарбида Mo2BC и других родственных бинарных карбидов, нитридов и боридов переходных металлов, а также с имеющимися экспериментальными данными. DOI: 10.21883/FTT.2017.08.44743.13
Экспериментальное и теоретическое исследование примесных центров Ni в Ba-=SUB=-0.8-=/SUB=-Sr-=SUB=-0.2-=/SUB=-TiO-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-
Authors: Случинская И.А. , Лебедев А.И.
Published: July 2017

Изучены локальное окружение и зарядовое состояние примеси никеля в кубическом Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 методом XAFS-спектроскопии. По данным XANES среднее зарядовое состояние атомов Ni равно ~2.5+. Анализ спектров EXAFS и их сопоставление с результатами расчетов геометрии дефектов из первых принципов позволили установить, что ионы Ni2+ в высокоспиновом состоянии входят в узлы B решетки перовскита, а компенсация разности зарядов Ni2+ и Ti4+ осуществляется в основном за счет удаленных вакансий кислорода. Кроме того, заметная часть никеля в образце находится в виде второй фазы BaNiO3-delta. Измерения параметра решетки указывают на уменьшение объема элементарной ячейки при легировании, что с учетом результатов компьютерного моделирования может свидетельствовать о присутствии в образцах небольшой концентрации ионов Ni4+ в узлах B. Работа поддержана РФФИ (грант N 17-02-01068). DOI: 10.21883/FTT.2017.08.44747.09
Субмиллиметровые спектры ЭПР иона Fe-=SUP=-2+-=/SUP=- в кристаллах синтетического и природного бериллов
Authors: Шакуров Г.С. , Хайбуллин Р.И. , Томас В.Г. , Фурсенко Д.А. , Машковцев Р.И. , Лопатин О.Н. , Николаев А.Г. , Горшунов Б.П. , Жукова Е.С.
Published: July 2017

В синтетическом и природном кристаллах берилла с примесью железа в субмиллиметровом диапазоне длин волн при температуре жидкого гелия зафиксированы спектры ЭПР некрамерсового иона двухвалентного железа (Fe2+). Наблюдаемые сигналы ЭПР отнесены к резонансным переходам иона Fe2+ из основного (синглетного) состояния на возбужденные уровни (дублета) с расщеплением между ними, равным Delta=12.7 cm-1. Экспериментальные угловые и частотно-полевые зависимости величины резонансного поля сигнала ЭПР описаны в рамках спинового гамильтониана с эффективным спином S=1. Анализ данных ЭПР и оптических спектров поглощения указывает на то, что ионы Fe2+ находятся в тетраэдрических позициях и замещают катионы Be2+ в структуре берилла. Работа поддержана РФФИ (грант N 14-02-00255) и Министерством образования и науки РФ (программа 5топ100 и Госзадание N 3.9896.2017/ВУ). DOI: 10.21883/FTT.2017.08.44761.37
Получение стехиометрической пленки Bi-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-Se-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=- вакуумно-термической обработкой гетероструктуры Se/Bi
Authors: Когай В.Я. , Михеев К.Г. , Михеев Г.М.
Published: July 2017

Впервые показана возможность получения стехиометрической пленки Bi2Se3 вакуумно-термической обработкой гетероструктуры Se/Bi. Установлено, что получение стехиометрической пленки Bi2Se3 возможно только при определенном соотношении толщин пленок Se и Bi (dSe/ dBi = 3.13). Методами рентгеновской дифрактометрии и спектроскопии комбинационного рассеяния света изучены фазовые превращения, протекающие в гетероструктуре Se(141 nm)/ Bi(45 nm) после вакуумно-термической обработки. Определены температуры фазового перехода, при которых образуются различные кристаллические фазы. Показано, что в гетероструктуре Se(141 nm)/Bi(45 nm), нагретой до 493 K, процесс кристаллизации Bi2Se3 протекает по экспоненциальному закону с характерным временем установления равновесного состояния 20 min. DOI: 10.21883/PJTF.2017.15.44868.16728
Разработка и применение устройства генерации холодной плазмы атмосферного давления для лечения повреждений кожи и мягких тканей животных
Authors: Емельянов О.А. , Петрова Н.О. , Смирнова Н.В. , Шемет М.В.
Published: July 2017

Описано устройство для получения холодной плазмы атмосферного давления в воздухе с использованием игольчатой системы электродов положительной полярности. Генерация плазмы обеспечивается развитием импульсного периодического разряда наносекундной длительности, амплитуда импульсов тока составляет 10-20 mA при характерных частотах 10-20 kHz и уровнях приложенного напряжения 8-20 kV. Высокая эффективность разработанной методики подтверждается клиническими результатами лечения травматологических патологий крупных сельскохозяйственных животных. DOI: 10.21883/PJTF.2017.16.44930.16627
Table of Contents
Authors: Board Editorial
Published: July 2017

Table of Contents PV Vol. II No. 3
Call for Books to Review and Book Review Essays
Authors: Board Editorial
Published: July 2017

PV Vol.2 No.3
Editorial Board
Authors: Board Editorial
Published: July 2017

PV Vol. 2 No. 3
The Lessons that Tolstoy and Father Sergius Hold for Public Administration: Revisiting Three Root Questions
Authors: Bellos Nondas
Published: July 2017

This essay revisits three root questions relevant to public administration: To whom or what does one owe loyalty? Do we need complex institutions? What moral  principles should guide public administration? The author draws inspiration from both the life of Leo Tolstoy and his short story titled Father Sergius. The two have many parallels with inherent lessons for individual public administrators. The essay comes to the conclusion that the principle of the good example can serve as a paradigm for the field of ethics.
Masthead
Authors: Board Editorial
Published: July 2017

PV Vol.II No.2
Cover Art
Authors: Board Editorial
Published: July 2017

Photograph: "Matriot" by Kira Corser
Political Poem
Authors: Levin David
Published: July 2017

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Public Voices: Encouraging Creative Voices
Authors: Board Editorial
Published: July 2017

Public Voices Vo. 1 No. 1
Summing Up A Three Character Play in Three Scenes
Authors: Mann Seymour Z.
Published: July 2017

Public Voices Vo. 1 No. 1
Movies: The Good, the Bad, and the Public
Authors: Larkin John
Published: July 2017

Public Voices Vo. 1 No. 1
A Tenured Professor
Authors: Popejoy Michael
Published: July 2017

by John Kenneth GalbraithReviewed by Michael W. Popejoy
Her Ladyship and the Postal Princes
Authors: Santello Dolph
Published: July 2017

This portrayal was obtained from observing "Her Ladyship" as a street person, as well as through a newspaper article, her social workers, and a relative of a postal worker. This tale has been repeatedly used, in a graduate public administration course on administrative behavior, to provide a basis for discussion about the roles and responsibilities of public administrators. A resulting major question that it raised is the balance between providing for the needs of an individual and those of society as a whole. That is, do we want those in the public service to be compassionate and respond to the special needs of individuals, or do we want them to be value neutral and follow the usually impersonal rules and regulations.
My Grandfather's Spoon
Authors: Ayres Russell
Published: July 2017

This short story is about a public servant with the Australian Department of the Arts and Administrative Services, Ayres writes of generational change in the professional and persona} lives of a father and son working in the Service. They hold the last of their 1raditional chess games on the father's final day of his career. The prize for the winner is a family "heirloom" --a spoon stolen by the father's father from a U.S. Navy warship during World War II.
Academic Lapses and Which Way, Please, For R&R?
Authors: Ricketts Marijane G.
Published: July 2017

Public Voices No. 1 Vo. 3
Two Teak Cabinets
Authors: Mendell Jay S.
Published: July 2017

Bureaucracy humiliates a young anthropology professor by forcing her to occupy a laboratory, though she believes her predecessor lies dead in that very laboratory within a locked cabinet. By studying her predecessor's singular resourcefulness and aggressiveness, Dr. Ewing Jones learns to vanquish the academic bureaucrats, gain  control of her workspace, win respect from her colleagues, and inflict especially sordid punishment on her opponents.
Repentance
Authors: Gabrielian Vatche
Published: July 2017

Reviewed by Vatche Gabrielian
Listening to “Other” Voices / War Movies
Authors: Michaud Emily
Published: July 2017

Letter from a reader
The 1946 Railroad Strike: Harry Truman and the Evolution of Presidential Power
Authors: Wiese Bill
Published: July 2017

The author looks back at the dramatic events that gripped the nation in the spring of 1946 when the country’s two most powerful railroad unions, the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and the Brotherhood of Railway Trainmen, declared a strike and, within hours, 250,000 members had walked off their jobs. Reaction to the strike on the part of President Harry Truman was swift and dramatic. While never granted, his request to Congress for emergency executive power to draft the striking workers into the army remains to this day the single most radical proposal ever publicly made by any American President in relation to a lawfully organized labor action. The outrage of the Congress to the strike resulted in the passage of the Hartley Act in 1947, a harsh anti-labor legislation that redefined the relationship between labor and the United States government and whose effects reverberate to this day. Sixty three years after its passage, it remains the law of the land.
Fallen Founder: The Life of Aaron Burr
Authors: Popejoy Michael W
Published: July 2017

By Nancy Isenberg Reviewed by Michael W. Popejoy
Initiation of Sevelamer and Mortality among Hemodialysis Patients Treated with Calcium-Based Phosphate Binders
Authors: Komaba Hirotaka , Wang Mia , Taniguchi Masatomo , Yamamoto Suguru , Nomura Takanobu , Schaubel Douglas E. , Smith Abigail R. , Zee Jarcy , Karaboyas Angelo , Bieber Brian , Fukagawa Masafumi , Tentori Francesca
Published: July 2017

Background and objectives

Prior studies have shown that sevelamer attenuates progression of arterial calcification and may reduce the risk of death compared with calcium-based phosphate binders. In clinical practice, however, sevelamer is used not only as an alternative but also as an add-on therapy in patients already being treated with calcium-based phosphate binders. We analyzed the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS) data to test the hypothesis that the initiation of sevelamer is associated with improved survival in patients on hemodialysis treated with calcium-based phosphate binders.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We included 12,564 patients from DOPPS phase 3 and phase 4 (2005–2011) who were prescribed calcium-based phosphate binders at baseline or before sevelamer treatment. Mortality risk was assessed using a sequential stratification method to identify as-yet-untreated patients who were appropriately matched to the newly treated patients on the basis of their risk of death.

Results

Of 12,564 patients, 2606 were subsequently treated with sevelamer hydrochloride or sevelamer carbonate. After beginning sevelamer therapy, mean serum phosphorus levels decreased by 0.3 mg/dl in the first 4 months and gradually decreased thereafter. We matched 2501 treated patients with at least one as-yet-untreated patient. Patients treated with sevelamer had a 14% lower risk for mortality compared with as-yet-untreated patients (hazard ratio, 0.86; 95% confidence interval, 0.76 to 0.97). Similar results were observed in the sensitivity analyses when changing the matching calipers or the treated and as-yet-untreated ratios, and by using propensity score matching.

Conclusions

The use of sevelamer as an add-on or alternative therapy to calcium-based phosphate binders is associated with improved survival in patients on maintenance hemodialysis.
Economic Impact of World Bank Aviation Investment in Pacific Island Countries
Authors: Greenman Cindy , Gorjidooz Javad
Published: July 2017

The World Bank Group (WBG) has provided grant and credits to support projects related to aviation and air transport including capacity building, policy and regulation, safety and security, infrastructure rehabilitation, and institutional strengthening for over 60 years. Today, the WBG remains actively engaged on aviation related project in every region of the world including the Pacific Island Countries. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the economic impact of WBG investments in aviation infrastructures in Pacific Island Countries.

The preliminary results of this study show a serious deficiency in the areas of aviation infrastructure, safety and security, management efficiency, and airport environmental sustainability in the Pacific Island countries. Without a dynamic aviation industry, most developing countries would see a drastic reduction in tourism, resulting in an economic slowdown. In Pacific Island countries, if these aviation infrastructure deficiency continued to go unaddressed, they would likely lead to the end of international flight operations to the airports in this region. Therefore, the WBG investments in aviation infrastructure is necessary in this region to support tourism, economic development, job creation, and higher standard of living in for Pacific Islanders.
URGENSI PENDIDIKAN SEKS PADA SISWA MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH DALAM UPAYA PENCEGAHAN PERILAKU PENYIMPANGAN SEKSUAL DI KABUPATEN JOMBANG
Authors: Abidin Achmad Anwar , Luthfi Muammar
Published: July 2017

Experts say sexual deviation is caused by several factors including hormone disorder, genetic potential, environmental factors and also improper sex education. Education also contributes to the occurrence of sexual perversion. Therefore, proper sex education at an early age is necessary to prevent sexual deviant behavior. Sexual deviance behavior is a disease that can be known if the patient is already Mumayiz or legally baligh for the needs of one's sex began to be felt. due to there are many people suffered from sexual deviance behavior, then we should be able to detect and prevent them early.
ANALISIS MUTU MADRASAH UNGGULAN DI ACEH: Studi di Madrasah Aliyah Ruhul Islam Anak Bangsa (MA RIAB) and Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) Model Banda Aceh
Authors: Syah Ina Fauziana
Published: July 2017

This research focused on the deep analysis about the description of qualified Islamic School in Aceh. This research using qualitative research method, the data collected through interviews, observation and documentary study. Sample of this research are Madrasah Aliyah Ruhul Islam Anak Bangsa (MA RIAB) and Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) Model B. Aceh. This research found that MA RIAB and MAN Model are not fully qualified since they are not yet implementing the brandmark of qualification properly.
KONTEKSTUALISASI ETIKA POLITIK ISLAM UMAR IBN KHATTAB DALAM KEHIDUPAN KONTEMPORER
Authors: Hai Kemas Abdul
Published: July 2017

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan dan mendiskripsikan etika politik Umar Ibn Khattab, yang hasilnya bisa dikembangkan bukan hanya dalam ilmu pengetahuan tetapi juga dapat di amalkan bagi siapapun yang berperan aktif dalam memegang kekuasaan dan membuat kebijakan politik.

Penelitian ini menitik beratkan pada penelitian kepustakaan (library research), yaitu jenis penelitian yang terfokus pada sumber data-data literatur. Memfokuskan pada sejarah tokoh yakni Umar Ibn Khattab, maka pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan sejarah (historical approach), yaitu penyelidikan yang kritis terhadap keadaan-keadaan, perkembangan, serta pengalaman di masa lampau dan menimbang secara cukup teliti dan hati-hati tentang bukti validitas dari sumber sejarah serta interprestasi dari sumber-sumber keterangan tersebut.

Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengamalan etika dalam kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara yang demokrasi sudah menjadi salah satu kebutuhan yang mendesak. Karena etika tidak semata menjadi acuan kepantasan bagi setiap pengambilan keputusan publik, tetapi juga merupakan panduan dalam kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara.

Kata Kunci : Etika, Politik, Umar Ibn Khattab
تفسير روح المعاني للآلوسي وبيان المناسبات في تفسيره
Authors: Arifin Zainul
Published: July 2017

Essentially, this book of tafseer is a comprehensive one since has interpretation in various aspects. All people from the East and the West can do so and have certainly will have a happy soul as he deepens the ocean of interpretation. An interpretation that gives you light of the world and religion so that you feel as if it has been opened to you the gates of heaven. It is the previously unpublished interpretation pattern. So no doubt that the author must be a researcher, interpreter, expert in Islamic jurispridence and Arabic, as well as a mufti of Baghdad. He is al-Alusi who revived the prestige of Baghdad in the aspects of civilization and knowledge. His interpretation is focused on the munasabat and unity of the theme with a stunning explanation so that we can enjoy the contents of this interpretation.
Genetic diversity of lactoferrin gene insilico on selected mammalian species
Authors: Akumbugu Faith , Olusegun Owoeye
Published: July 2017

A total of 17 lactoferrin gene sequences belonging to 6 species: cattle (3),
buffalo (3), sheep (3), goat (3), horse (2) and camel (3), were retrieved
from Genbank (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). Sequences alignment, translation and
comparison were done with ClustalW of the MEGA 6.0. The present study
therefore aimed at examining the genetic diversity of Lf gene in-silico on
selected mammalian species. The Dxy inferred using p-distance revealed a
maximum value of 0.50 between buffalo, sheep and goat whereas a minimum
value of 0.01 was realized between sheep and goat. The maximum Dxy value of
0.15 were observed between horse and camel whereas no minimum value was
recorded during the investigation. The Neighbour Joining tree from the
phylogenetic analysis showed trans-species evolution however, UPGMA tree
topology was species-wise. This genetic tree obtained advance some form of
proximity and differentiation in Lactoferrin gene sequences within and among
the mammalian species studied which provide basis for selection of livestock
in terms of genetic relationship.
Serum enzyme activities in blood and milk in the different stage of lactation in holstein dairy cows
Authors: Djokovic Radojica , Cincovic Marko , Kurcubic Vladimir , Ilic Zoran , Lalovic Miroslav , Jasovic Boban , Petrovic Milos
Published: July 2017

The objective of this study was to determine correlation between serum blood
and milk enzyme activities of aspartate-aminotransferase (AST), alanine-
aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline-phosphatase (ALP in the 36 dairy Holstein
cows divided into three groups according to production period. Group 1
consisted cows in the start of lactation (n = 12); Group 2 -consisted of
early lactation cows (n=12) and Group 3 included mid lactation cows (n=15).
Statistically significant higher (P<0.01) activity of AST in blood serum was
established in early lactation groups of cows as compared to mid lactation
group of cows. ALT activity showed a lower (P<0.01) serum activities in early
lactation groups of cows than in the mid lactation cows. Higher values ALP in
blood and milk are determined in early lactation groups of cows as compared
to mid laltation cows, but without statistical significance (P>0.05).
Research results showed possibility of mild degree of hepatic lesions,
probably due to fat infiltration in early lactation cows. No significant
difference (P>0.05) was observed in milk serum value for AST, ALT and ALP
between the three groups of cows. No significant correlations among AST, ALT
and ALP activities in blood and milk serum were determined (P>0.05) and shows
that activity of these enzyme in the milk are not used as markers for early
diagnosis of subclinical metabolic disease.
Effect of body weight of laying hens on production traits of broiler parents
Authors: Djermanovic Vladan , Mitrovic Sreten , Milojevic Milena
Published: July 2017

Certain investigations have been conducted in two broiler breeder flocks of
Ross 308 and Cobb 500 hybrids. At the beginning of the production cycle (24
weeks of age), an average laying hens? body weight of 2680.40 g was found in
the case of Ross 308 hybrid, and 2697.80 g in the case of Cobb 500 hybrid.
During 42nd week of age (the middle of the production cycle), the body weight
of laying hens was 3565.10 g (Ross 308) and 3599.05 g (Cobb 500), while at
the end of the production cycle (61 weeks of age) the body weight of laying
hens of Ross 308 hybrid was 3841.50 g, and 3850.00 g of Cobb 500. Identified
differences in body weight of laying hens (17.40 g, 33.95 g, 8.50 g) in
certain periods of the production cycle, as well as the difference in body
weight of laying hens for the entire production cycle (23.26 g) were not
statistically significant (P>0.05). More specific observation of the effect
of body weight of laying hens on productive capacity of broiler breeders was
determined by calculating the coefficients of phenotype correlation between
the indicators studied. Thus, statistically significant (P<0.001, P<0.01,
P<0.05) coefficients of phenotype correlation between the body weight of
laying hens and the majority of production indicators have been determined,
while statistically significant (P<0.001, P<0.01, P<0.05) correlation
coefficients between the body weight of laying hens and the intensity of
laying capacity for hatching and fertilized eggs have been determined, but
for a shorter period of the production cycle.
An empirical analysis of Indian business cycle dynamics
Authors: Paramanik Rajendra , Kamaiah Bandi
Published: July 2017

This paper attempts to construct a monthly Composite Index of Leading
Indicators (CILI) for the Indian business cycle between April 1994 and
December 2015. The cyclical component of the Index of Industrial Production
(IIP), generated by Baxter-King band pass filters, is considered as a
reference series for Indian business cycle analysis. A set of indicator
variables pertaining to different sectors of the economy are chosen on the
basis of their strong leading correlation with the reference series.
Further, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technique is applied to assign
an appropriate weight to each leading variable, and a CILI is constructed.
The performance of the CILI is validated using the turning-point analysis of
BryBoschan and Harding-Pagan. The CILI accurately predicts two major troughs
in the Indian business cycle, with six and eleven month leads respectively.
Adaptability of different canal sealers to the root canal dentin - scanning electron microscopy analysis
Authors: Apostolska Sonja , Gjorgievska Elizabeta , Rendzova Vasilka , Eftimoska Marina , Zivkovic Rade , Stancic Ivica
Published: July 2017

Introduction. The aim of this in vitro study was to test and analyze the
sealing ability of three endodontic materials used for permanent obturation,
in between the dentin walls and the gutta-percha points, using a scanning
electron microscope. Material and Methods. Forty-five recently extracted
single-root teeth, treated by a step-back technique, were divided into three
groups (15 teeth in each); the canals were filled with three different
permanent obturation materi?als: N2 - zinc oxide root canal cement, Gutta
Flow (Coltene), and Endomethasone N (Septodont). Their sealing ability and
adhesive properties were analyzed using field emission gun scanning electron
microscope, at the time when they were applied between the dentin walls of
the canal and the gutta-percha. Results. The results of the scanning electron
microscope analysis have shown that all the three sealers have good adhesion
properties when used over the root canal walls in the apical third. Good
adaptation of the filling used for the root canal walls in the middle and the
cervical third was found only in teeth obturated using Gutta Flow, while
samples obturated by N2 - zinc oxide root canal cement and Endomethasone
showed the weak?est adhesion, and greatest number of cracks between the
sealer and the canal wall. Conclusion. When using a single-cone obturation
technique, compared to other obturation materials, Gutta Flow shows
considerably better adaptation to the root canal wall and the gutta-percha
points in the apical, middle, and the cervical third of the root.
Evaluation of body composition and muscular strength in different sports
Authors: Karan Vedrana , Rakovac Aleksandra , Karan Mladen , Popovic Milan , Klasnja Jelena , Lukac Damir
Published: July 2017

Introduction. Body composition measurements and dynamometric parameters are
very reliable indicators of performance and progress in the training process.
The aim of this study was to assess the body composition and muscle strength
and to establish the correlation between these parameters in various sports.
Material and Methods. The study was conducted at the Department of
Physiology, Laboratory of Functional Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine in Novi
Sad. It included 45 male examiners: 15 handball players, 15 football players,
and 15 sprinters. The following parameters were measured: body weight, body
height, body mass index, skinfold thickness, and dynamometric parameters of
calf extensors and forearm flexors. Results. In comparison to football
players and sprinters, handball players presented with statistically
significantly higher body mass index (p < 0.05). In terms of skinfold
thickness, there were statistically significant differences (p < 0.05)
between the groups. The values of dynamometric parameters of calf extensors
(average value of load of the calf extensors, maximum value of load of the
calf extensors, strength of muscle contraction of calf extensors) showed no
statistically significant differences between the groups of athletes (p >
0.05). Compared to football and handball players, sprinters had significantly
higher values of dynamometric parameters of forearm flexors (average value of
load of forearm flexors, maximum value of load of forearm flexors, strength
of muscle contraction of forearm flexors). Conclusion. In the group of
handball players there was a positive correlation between the percentage of
the body fat and muscle power in both examined muscle groups; however, among
the football players and sprinters, a correlation was found between the body
composition and strength of calf extensors.
Syncope due to sinus node dysfunction after surgical patch closure of atrial septal defect: A case report
Authors: Dizdarevic-Hudic Larisa , Kusljugic Zumreta , Bijedic Irma , Hudic Igor
Published: July 2017

Introduction. Sick sinus syndrome, a frequent cause of syncope, refers to a
combination of symptoms caused by sinus node dysfunction. Case report. We
report the case of a 38-year-old female patient presenting with recurrent
syncope, who underwent surgical patch closure of atrial septal defect three
years before admission. Ambulatory twenty-four-hour Holter monitoring was
done capturing only sinus tachycardia. A series of examinations were
warranted after admission, and recurrent syncope was found to be the result
of sinus node dysfunction. This syndrome rarely occurs after surgical closure
of atrial septal defect. The patient underwent permanent pacemaker
implantation. Conclusion. A rigorous search for every possible cause of
syncope is mandatory. A structural, multidisciplinary approach is required
in order to achieve an optimal outcome.
Factores asociados al síndrome de fragilidad en la población adulta mayor de la Parroquia de San Antonio, Cantón Ibarra, Provincia de Imbabura de Agosto a Diciembre del 2016.
Authors: Alquinga Quishpe Irene Piedad
Published: July 2017

Objetivos: Determinar los factores asociados con el síndrome de fragilidad en la población adulta mayor de la Parroquia de San Antonio, Cantón Ibarra, Provincia de Imbabura de Agosto a Diciembre.

Materiales y método: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, con una muestra representativa de 321 adultos mayores, calculada a partir de una población total asignada al centro de salud de San Antonio, de 1633 adultos mayores para el año 2015, aprobado por el subcomité de Bioética; entrevista personal en sus domicilios.

Se utilizó el programa EPI-info 7; las variables estudiadas se analizaron y posteriormente se relacionaron entre sí, utilizando el Chi 2, error 5 % e P<0.05 intervalo de confianza de 95%.

Resultados: Población adulta mayor  entrevistada 321, 113 (35%) frágiles, 129 (40%) pre frágiles y 79 (25%) robustos. Los factores socio demográficos y funcionales fueron estadísticamente significativos y se asocian al síndrome de fragilidad, no así las comorbilidades que no hubo una asociación y son independientes.

Conclusiones: Los factores estudiados tienen una alta asociación con el síndrome de fragilidad. El presente estudio proporciona una base muy importante para la evaluación clínica-geriátrica, para desarrollar intervenciones tanto de promoción como de prevención en salud, con un trabajo multidisciplinario y evitar en lo posible la aparición de este síndrome.
Apparent power and power factor in unbalanced and distorted systems. Applications in three phase load compensations
Authors: P. Salmerón  , J. R. Vázquez  , R. S. Herrera  , S. P. Litrán
Published: July 2017

The apparent power and the derived power factor are  two  of  the  quantities  of  the  biggest  use  and  application  inside    the    Electric    Engineering.    However,    nowadays    it    continues staying the controversy on their definitions and more appropriate meaning in the most general situations in unbalance and distortion, and unequal resistances in the distribution lines. In  the  last  years  they  have  been  distinguished  two  focuses  concerning  the  functional  definitions  of  apparent  power:  the  European approach, more theoretical and better developed, and the  American  approach,  more  practical  focus  but  with  smaller  rigor.   Although   from   the   point   of   view   of   their   practical   application,  the  use  of  a  definition  or  another  doesn't  suppose  important   numeric   differences,   if   present   differ   from   the   conceptual  point  of  view.  This  is  made  notice  in  applications  that    suppose    the    use    of    modern    equipments    of    static    compensation. The apparent power of the European approach in its  conception  only  permits  parallel  compensation,  while  the  apparent  power  of  the  American  approach  admits  the  series-parallel  compensation.  This  paper  introduces  the  definitions  of  apparent   power   of   both   approaches   and   it   establishes   a   discussion   on   its   application   in   the   three-phases   loads   compensation.
Short-circuits simulation at 25 kV,50 Hz contact line system
Authors: R. Doleček  , O. Černý
Published: July 2017

The paper deals with the problem of behaviour of 25  kV,  50  Hz  supply  system  at  Czech  Railways.  Traction  supply system is represented by contractor supply line 110 kV, supply  substation  and  contact  line.  The  main  problem  is  short-circuits  at  contact  lines.  These  effects  can  arise  during  failure  states of traction circuit. It is necessary to know exact behaviour of traction circuit for adjusting of operation protections.