bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reflex circulatory responses after three stages of nasotracheal intubation and two stages of orotracheal intubation: A comparative study
Authors: Ahmed Ahsan , Sen Sukanta , Das Tanmoy , Dasgupta Arup
Published: August 2017

Background: Endotracheal intubation has become the mainstay of modern anaesthesia due to various reasons like maintenance of patency of airway, prevention of pulmonary aspiration, providing positive pressure ventilation, predictable delivery of FiO2 and elimination of CO2. Stimulation of upper respiratory tract during tracheal intubation under general anaesthesia causes activation of sympatho-adrenal system and results in increased serum catecholamines.Aims and Objectives: To identify and compare the Haemodynamic responses contributed by each stage of nasotracheal with that of orotracheal intubation.Materials and Methods: About 125 patients in the age group 18-50 years, ASA physical status I-II of either sex, scheduled to undergo various elective surgical procedures requiring nasotracheal or orotracheal intubation were evaluated in the present study.After 4 minutes of ventilation, patients requiring nasal intubation (n=75) were allocated to three groups- nasopharyngeal intubation group (NPI), nasopharyngeal intubation with laryngoscopy group (NPIL) and nasotracheal intubation group (NTI). Those requiring oral intubation (n=50) were allocated to two groups namely- laryngoscopy only group (L) and laryngoscopy followed by orotracheal intubation group (OTI). Haemodynamic parameters like heart rate and blood pressure, SpO2, ECG, ETCO2 were monitored continuously and data were recorded before induction, just after induction and after intubation at one minute interval for five minutes.Results: The pre-induction and pre-procedure values of systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures and also heart rate were similar in each group (P<0.05). Induction of anaesthesia caused a significant decrease in systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures in all groups compared to their pre-induction values (P<0.0012). Our study showed that systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures were significantly increased after intubation procedures in all the five groups compared to pre-procedure values.Conclusion: All the procedures evoked cardiovascular responses characterized by increases in heart rate and blood pressure. NTI produced a significant rise in blood pressure.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(5) 2017 41-47
Duodenal strongyloidiasis infection mimicking lymphangiectasia
Authors: Bilal Muhammad , Ahmed Nisar
Published: August 2017

Strongyloides stercoralis infection usually causes a chronic asymptomatic intestinal infection or otherwise non-specific generalized complaints. The diagnosis of strongyloidiasis by routine stool examination is very limited. Endoscopic findings in strongyloidiasis range from mucosal granularity to friable edema to frank ulceration or Small bowel obstruction secondary to intense infestation. The pathological examination of tissue biopsy and aspirate can give the definitive diagnosis. We report a case of middle age patient who presented with the symptoms of weight loss and diarrhea. On evaluation, upper GI endoscopy (EGD) showed the findings of lymphangiectasia but biopsy findings were consistent with strongyloidiasis which was successfully treated with Ivermectin 200 μg/kg, given for two days.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(5) 2017 98-100
Present perception on gender related issues in tribal mothers of sub-urban region, West Bengal
Authors: Basu Gandhari , Biswas Sujata
Published: August 2017

Background: In India, tribal communities and women remain marginalized and continue to suffer discrimination. The right to achieve gender justice is a cumbersome task. The perception on gender issues varies person to person.Aims and Objectives: This study is designed to find out the perception on the gender related issues, presence of gender bias and the associated factors among the reproductive tribal mothers.Materials and Methods: Research was carried in a tribal community under the service jurisdiction of the community medicine department. A cross sectional survey using pre designed proforma was used in reproductive age group mothers. Information on various aspects was collected by direct interview with mothers. Data was analysed with licensed statistical software. Mean, standard deviation, proportion, chi square value and P value was determined as per objectives.Results: A total of 110 mothers participated. The mean age was 28.18 years. Majority of mothers were between 26-36 years. Rate of illiteracy was 19.1%. Two child norms were practiced by most of the families (91). Thirty two mothers reported abortion. Self-desire was the main reason. One in every three practiced contraception. Gender bias towards boy child was reflected by responses on the desire for future child, giving playtime, mixing with others, sharing household work, providing pocket money, sharing of and allowing night job. Pre natal sex determination was still preferred by one third mothers. One breather was that majority (84.7%) were consulted in family matters. Age group, occupation and abortion history showed association with gender preference.Conclusion: Present study showed prevailing gender discrimination in modern India. Enactment of laws through stringent monitoring and government’s positive attitude may make the situation favourable.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(5) 2017 48-53
Mental health and depression among school going adolescents: excerpts from a school based study of Nadia district, West Bengal
Authors: Basu Gandhari , Biswas Sujata
Published: August 2017

Background: Adolescence is the gateway to health promotion and marked as the transition period between childhood and adulthood. They suffer from various psychosocial problems atany point of their life. Depression during adolescence is considered as an important public health emergency.Aims and Objectives: To assess the presence of some mental health symptoms by Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) among school going adolescents and also to find out the prevalence of depression along with associated factors.Materials and Methods: A crosssectional, descriptive epidemiological study was conducted among adolescents of class VII to IX of an English medium school of Kalyani in Nadia district between July and August, 2016. Information on socio demographic variables along with responses on the questions related to various aspects of mental health was gathered by validated BDI and Global school health survey questionnaire. Depression was classified based on the scores obtained and a scale was used.Results: A total of 167adolescents were assessed, mean age of 13.63 years with more boys (110). Mental health analysis revealed nine attempted suicide cases. Nearly half of the pupil reported of punishment feelings (71) and self-criticism (68). The prevalence of overall depression was 34.2%, mild one topped the list. Level of depression was significantly more in higher age group, class VII and among those adolescents who did not stay with their parents (P<.01).Conclusion: The present study provides a composite scenario of mental health status and depression among adolescents. The findings reveal that depression is gradually increasing in respondents. This study also demonstrated the need for secondary prevention and raises deep concern. School based training programme and quarterly counselling under psychiatrist’s guidance in a holistic approach may manage the problem to a great extent.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(5) 2017 64-69
Antimalarials: Pre-Clinical development update
Authors: Bala Moumita , Lahiry Sandeep , Choudhury Shouvik , Mukherjee Ayan , Bhunya Prajesh Kiran , Chowdhury Koustuv , Sinha Rajasree
Published: August 2017

Diverse strategies exist for the development of novel antimalarials drug to tackle the increasing incidence of artemisin resistance. New molecules have been developed which hold a promise to cater to this unmet need. We discuss few drugs currently under pre-clinical development that have shown encouraging results.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(5) 2017 1-3
Phenomenal effect of body mass index on VO2max in medical students
Authors: Pandit Rajan
Published: August 2017

Background: Decrease in VO2max and/or increase in body mass index can be used as early marker for the alteration of cardiovascular physiology. Still, the debate over fat or fit for the early predictor of cardiovascular disease risk factor exists.Aims and Objective: The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of body mass index on VO2max.Materials and Methods: Sixteen female students, group I, normal weight (n=16) and group II, overweight (n=16) were enrolled as participants. The Queen’s College step test was performed on a stool of 16.25 inches (or 41.3 cm) height for a total duration of 3 min at the rate of 22 cycles/min set by a metronome.Results: The average age, BMI, VO2max and sleep duration for normal weight and overweight female participants were 19.25±0.73 years vs 19.43±0.92 years, 20.87±1.17 kg/m2 vs 26.1±0.31 kg/m2; 36.98±0.76 ml/kg/min vs 36.55±0.78 ml/kg/min; 7.81±0.53 hours/day vs 6.23±0.16 hours/day respectively.Conclusion: The relative lower value of aerobic capacity (VO2max) in overweight female ascompared to normal weight females may not be an indicator of cardio-respiratory dysfunction, and it is imperative not to make the early extrapolation that all overweight individuals suffer from cardio-respiratory dysfunction and are physically unfit.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(5) 2017 80-82
An observational study of changes in corneal parameters following use of soft contact lens and rigid gas permeable lens
Authors: Chandrakar Neha , Patel Ohm Vrajlal , Mahajan Sonam , Bajaj Piyush
Published: August 2017

Background: There have been significant advancements in contact lens designs and materials over the past few decades, the lenses still represent a foreign body in the ocular environment and may lead to physiological (corneal oedema or thinning) as well as mechanical (on corneal curvature) effects on the eye.As there are not many studies reporting the effect of contact lens on eyes in Indian population, this study was designed tofill the lacunae of knowledge in this context.Aims and Objective: To evaluate and compare the change in anterior central corneal curvature & central corneal thickness following use of soft contact lens (silicon-hydrogel) and Rigid Gas Permeable (fluoropolymer) contact lens.Materials and Methods: It was a Prospective, Observational, Comparative study Conducted at Venu Eye Institute & Research Centre, New Delhi. Forty eyes of 21 subjects who required contact lens were included in two groups: 20 eyes in group A (RGP contact lens users) and 20 eyes in group B (Soft contact lens users). A “baseline” parameters was measured prior to contact lens use & changes associated with contact lens wear was considered in relation to the normal baseline parameters when followed up at 3 and 6 months.Results: The Change in anterior central corneal curvature in both the groups was NOT statistically significant (p-value of >0.05) between pre-contact lens wear and with contact lens wear at 3 & 6 months. And, there was Significant Corneal thinning between pre-contact lens wear and with contact lens wear at 3 & 6 months in both the groups individually (p-value <0.05). However, on comparing the difference in change in CCT between both the groups was NOT statistically significant at 3 and 6 months.Conclusions: With contact lens use, there was no significant change in Anterior Central Corneal Curvature in Soft as well as RGP contact lens group at 3 & 6 months. Though there was significant central corneal thinning in both the groups individually at 3 & 6 months, However, on comparing the change in CCT between both the groups at 3 and 6 months was NOT significant.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(5) 2017 70-74
Study of effects of Sudarshan Kriya on Postmenopausal symptoms among central India women population : A preliminary study
Authors: Patil Rajeshree Tukaram , Patil Renuka Vivekanand , Ughade Suresh Narayanrao , Hatwar Manjusha Sureshchandra
Published: August 2017

Background: Menopausal health concerns mainly include the vasomotor symptoms, cardiovascular symptoms, osteoporosis, cancer, sexual problems and urogenital atrophy. Our life style today leads to a lot of stress, depression and anxiety. Prolonged stress can make one experience the symptoms like menopause (though not actually inducing it). Yoga exercise meditation and life style modification have relieved stress and enhanced the quality of life. Sudarshan Kriya (SK) is a rhythmic breathing technique with 4 breath components. It has varied effects on body especially acting by relief of stress.Aims and Objective: Assess the effects of SK on the commonly perceived symptoms experienced by the postmenopausal women in central India.Materials and Methods: A random sample of 156 women was interviewed by administering a pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire. Questionnaire included 14 frequently occurring symptoms. Stress was scored on Likerts scale to assess the severity. (Score total =lowest 0 and highest 42). Those women doing regular SK for at least more than 1 year before the final menstrual period (n= 79) formed the Study group and women doing SK for less than 1year, women following other health practices, or not following any health practice at all (n=77) belonged to the Control group.Results: Women doing SK were found to be happier and content as compared to controls. SK with vegetarian diet was found effective in lowering the scores. Combining SK with exercises and yoga together can reduce the score to the lowest level. Minimum two years of regular practice was found enough to yield low scores and best quality of menopausal transformation.Conclusion: Initiating SK into the lives of postmenopausal women at the right time can assure a less morbid, more comfortable and a better quality of postmenopausal life.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(5) 2017 58-63
Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among people living with HIV/AIDS visiting a central hospital of Kathmandu Nepal
Authors: Sharma Homa Nath , Chalise Bimal Shama , Rai Ganesh , Adhikari Nabaraj , Bastola Anup , Singh Anjana
Published: August 2017

Backgrounds: Intestinal Parasitic Infection (IPI) plays a vital role in the prognosis of People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA).Aims and Objectives: In this study, we aimed to measure the prevalence and associated factors of IPI among PLHA and non-HIV patients attending Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital, Teku, Kathmandu.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 193 PLHA and 111 non-HIV patients having either of gastrointestinal disorders. Direct smear, Formalin ethyl acetate sedimentation and Kinyoun’s modified acid fast staining methods were applied to detect intestinal parasites from stool samples and CD4 T-cell counts of PLHA was recorded from ART centre of hospital.Results: The overall prevalence of IPI was found to be 16.12% (19.17% in PLHA and 10.81% in non-HIV subjects). Prevalence was higher in PLHA (p<0.06) in which poly parasitic infection was common (24%) with the protozoa predominating over helminths. CD4 T-cell counts <200/μl (p<0.06) and diarrhoea (p<0.06) were associated with increased IPI in PLHA. Cryptosporidium parvum was found in 19.05% cases of PLHA having CD4 T-cell counts <200/μl.Conclusions: The higher prevalence of opportunistic protozoa among PLHA indicates the need of routine parasitic investigation using sensitive methods so that it will be helpful for the proper therapeutic management.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(5) 2017 87-92
Dengue fever with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus coinfection: A fatal combination
Authors: Manappallil Robin George , Sarpamale Avinash
Published: August 2017

no abstractAsian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(5) 2017 104-105
To evaluate the effects of Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy on best corrected visual acuity (bcva) and intraocular pressure
Authors: Patel Ohm Vrajlal , Chandrakar Neha , Bajaj Piyush , Mahajan Sonam
Published: August 2017

Background: Nd:YAG laser is non-invasive and effective means to deal with the posterior capsule opacification.However safe it may have some inherent complications. Rise of intraocular pressure is frequently encountered and incompletely understood complication of YAG laser capsulotomy and documented with conflicting results.Aims and Objective: To assess the efficacy of Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy in term of visual outcome(Best Corrected Visual Acuity) and also study the changes in IOP after the procedure.Materials and Methods: Study evaluated the changes in IOP and visual acuity after Nd-YAG laser capsulotomy in 100 eyes with significant PCO after uncomplicated cataract surgery with IOL implantation. Complete ocular examination including visual acuity, anterior segment examination with slit lamp, fundus and applanation tonometry were performed pre and post-laser in all cases. Posterior capsulotomy was done with VISULAS YAG III Q-switched Nd: YAG laser machine by ZEISS. IOP was recorded before and then at 1hour, 1 Day, 1 week and 1 month post-laser in order to determine the IOP changes.Results: Pre-laser visual acuity ranged from 1/60 to 6/12. Results showed statistically significant improvement in BCVA with 70% patients had BCVA 6/6, 21% had BCVA 6/9 and 8% having BCVA 6/12 post-laser at 1 month. It was observed that 36% of the patients showed no change in IOP while 64% patients showed elevated IOP. Among these 59% patients show rise in IOP that was ≤5 mm Hg while only 5% of the patients had a rise of more than IOP >5 mm Hg. Most of these patients achieved their baseline IOP within 1 day and only 7 % patient had rise in IOP compared to baseline IOP on day 1. None of the patients show elevated IOP after 1 week.Conclusion: Our study showed that Nd: YAG laser posterior capsulotomy provided excellent results in terms of visual improvement and most of the patients had a rise of <5mm Hg which was transient in nature and routine antiglaucoma medication may not be needed in all the patient undergoing Nd;Yag capsulotomy, however caution should be exercised in glaucomatous, aphakic, high myopic and other high risk patients.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(5) 2017 93-97
Emphysematous pyelonephritis with Dengue hemorrhagic fever: A successful medical management of a fatal scenario
Authors: Manappallil Robin George , Muthyala Prathap Reddy
Published: August 2017

Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a life threatening acute necrotizing infection with associated gas formation involving the renal parenchyma and perinephric tissues. Dengue fever, according to the WHO, is the most rapidly spreading mosquito borne viral infection in the world. Dengue Hemorrgahic Fever is a more severe form of dengue fever and is characterized by fever, bleeding manifestations, plasma leakage and thrombocytopenia. This is a case of a 56 year old female, who presented with history of fever, headache, myalgia and dysuria; and was diagnosed to have emphysematous pyelonephritis with Dengue Hemorrgahic Fever. She was successfully managed with intravenous antibiotics and platelet transfusions, without any urological interventions. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(5) 2017 101-103
Ballpark Method for Estimating Pedestrian and Bicyclist Exposure in Seattle, Washington
Authors: Sanders Rebecca L. , Frackelton Alexandra , Gardner Spencer , Schneider Robert , Hintze Michael
Published: August 2017

The Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act emphasized the use of data and performance measurement to track progress toward its transportation policy and safety goals. As U.S. cities and states implement policies to eliminate traffic deaths and serious injuries, exposure data are needed to contextualize crash analyses and prioritize effective countermeasures to reduce future risk. However, comprehensive counting programs are resource intensive. Research suggests that so-called big data can supplement traditional counting programs, fill the data gap, and allow for more robust exposure modeling. This paper presents the results of an abbreviated exposure estimation process to develop ballpark pedestrian and bicycle estimates for the city of Seattle, Washington, conducted as part of a major bicycle and pedestrian safety analysis for Seattle's Vision Zero effort. This paper contributes to existing research on exposure estimation and demonstrates a case study of practice-ready bicycle and pedestrian exposure models. Because of budget and time constraints, the exposure estimates used available data sources and were based on models from earlier bicycle and pedestrian volume estimation studies. The pedestrian model (pseudo- R2 = .76) fit with published models, and the bicycle model had decent explanatory power (pseudo- R2 = .57). After Strava data were added to the bicycle model, the explanatory power rose to 62% and the model was simplified. The estimates were tested in a multivariate crash analysis and used to support countermeasure identification and project prioritization. This type of abbreviated process may be appropriate for other cities seeking to estimate exposure but without the resources for a full-scale estimation effort.
Assessing Nighttime Deliveries in Stockholm, Sweden
Authors: Koutoulas Anastasios , Franklin Joel P. , Eliasson Jonas
Published: August 2017

Off-peak-hour delivery programs are a promising but challenging concept for promoting sustainable urban logistics. Stockholm, Sweden, initialized a nighttime freight deliveries program in 2014, aimed at a more efficient and environmentally friendly delivery system within the central area of the city. The policy of shifting freight deliveries from daytime to off-peak hours generates a wide range of effects that can be analyzed from several angles. This paper identifies the social costs and benefits, how these are distributed between stakeholders, and their effects on the everyday life and operations of all interested parties. According to information and data collected through in-depth interviews with private and public stakeholders, the social benefits mainly consist of increased efficiency and productivity for carriers and receivers, reduced transport costs, fuel cost savings, and reduced congestion and accidents when trucks are moved from peak to off-peak hours. Social costs may include increased noise levels and noise disturbances; additional staff requirements, equipment, and wage costs; and higher risks in handling goods deliveries at nighttime, especially in the case of unassisted deliveries. This paper concludes by discussing the lessons learned from the trial, challenges and opportunities that arose during implementation, and the implications for enhancement of off-peak-hour delivery in Stockholm and other cities.
Assessment of Three Affiliated Tribes Primary Seat Belt Intervention
Authors: Vachal Kimberly , Kubas Andrew
Published: August 2017

Tribal populations experience a greater risk for traffic injuries than other populations. The Three Affiliated Tribes on the Fort Berthold Reservation recently enacted a primary seat belt law to improve public safety on its roads. A comparison of field observation study results from early in the intervention and from a later observation study revealed that gains in seat belt use may have eroded in towns. On highways, however, the intervention appears to have produced sustained gains in seat belt use by male drivers of cars and sport utility vehicles. Previous studies showed that the longer-term success of the primary law intervention requires ongoing reinforcement with respect to education and enforcement activities.
How Does Experimental Design Modify the Result of Daphnia magna Heartbeat Rate Test? ─ Analyses of Factors Affecting the Sensitivity of the Test System
Authors: Fekete-Kertész Ildikó , Stirling Tamás , Ullmann Orsolya , Farkas Éva , Kirchkeszner Csaba , Feigl Viktória , Molnár Mónika
Published: August 2017

Development of an unconventional test method involves usually the comparison of biological responses under a variety of test conditions. The quality of these biological methods relies on an appropriate experimental design. The Daphnia magna heartbeat rate as a physiological endpoint for assessing aquatic pollution has been of minor interest so far; nonetheless, this could be an early and sensitive indicator of the harmful effect of micropollutants. Our aim was to set up the optimal experimental design of the heartbeat rate test. The studied factors were the composition of the test medium, the age of the test organism, and the exposure time, at triclosan concentrations between 0.2–2000 μg/L. According to the evaluation of test results the optimal test condition for the heartbeat rate test assumes tap water as test medium, 10-day-old test organisms and 48 h exposure time.
The Legacy of George Olah
Authors: Simonyi Miklós
Published: August 2017

The life of George Olah exemplifies the fate of Hungarian scientific excellence in the 20th century. He was talented and a hard worker, but he could not remain in his country and had to seek a new life in the West. His life-long scientific interests developed in the Budapest Technical University helped him to overcome obstacles and he became a leading chemist of worldwide fame. His qualities and flexibility in both scientific research and practical applications serve as a brilliant example for generations to come.
Laboratory Diagnosis of Enteric Fever: A Review Update
Authors: Sultana Safia , Maruf Md Abdoullah Al , Sultana Rabeka , Jahan Shahanaz
Published: August 2017

The diagnosis of typhoid fever on clinical presentations alone is difficult, as the presenting symptoms are diverse and similar to those observed with other febrile illnesses, especially during the first weeks of the infection. Therefore, laboratory-based investigations are essential for supporting the diagnosis of the disease. The gold standard for diagnosis of typhoid fever is the isolation of Salmonella typhi from appropriate samples including blood, bone marrow aspirates, stool, urine and rose spots. This facility is not available in many areas where the disease is endemic. Serodiagnosis depends upon the 100-year-old Widal test, and other serological diagnostic tools have limitations because of their low sensitivity and/or specificity. The development of molecular methods for diagnosis of infectious diseases, including typhoid fever has improved the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis. One of the molecular methods, Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the most sensitive and rapid method to detect microbial pathogens in clinical specimens. Antigen detection has not been investigated for well over three decades and detecting an immune response specific for typhoid fever has been done only with antibody detection. There is an urgent need for the rational design and evaluation of effective and appropriate diagnostics for typhoid fever which must include the emerging threat of S. typhi. However, monitoring of antibiotic susceptibility patterns will ensure that signs of developing resistance are detected early and that the appropriate action is taken. Therefore, this present review has been designed to describe the different diagnostic procedure of typhoid fever. Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases 2016;3(2):43-51
Adsorption of Phenol from Aqueous Solution Using Activated Carbon prepared from Coconut Shell
Authors: Ripa Masuma Sultana , Mahmood Rafat , Khan Sabrina , Khan Easir A
Published: August 2017

Adsorption separation of phenol from aqueous solution using activated carbon was investigated in this work. The adsorbent was prepared from coconut shell and activated by physical activation method. The coconut shell was first carbonized at 800°C under nitrogen atmosphere and activated by CO2 at the same temperature for one hour. The prepared activated carbon was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and BET Surface Analyzer and by the determination of iodine number as well as Boehm titration. The iodine number indicates the degree of relative activation of the adsorbent. The equilibrium adsorption isotherm phenol from aqueous solution was performed using liquid phase batch adsorption experiments. The effect of experimental parameters including solution pH, agitation time, particle size, temperature and initial concentration was investigated. The equilibrium data was analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption model to describe the adsorption isotherm and estimate the adsorption isotherm parameters. The results indicate the potential use of the adsorbent for removal of phenol from the aqueous solution.Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 29, No. 1, 2017: 9-13
Effect of Ultrasound Therapy on Patients With Osteoarthritis of The Knee Joint
Authors: Hasan Md Firoze , Mandal Muhammad Alamgir , Rahman Md Afzalur , Moniruzzaman Mohammad , Islam Md Jahidul , Mahmood Khurshid , Kamruzzaman Mostofa
Published: August 2017

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis accounting for about 30% of general physician visits. Objectives: To detect the effects of ultrasound therapy on patients with osteoarthritis of the knee joint.Methodology: It was a prospective non randomized clinical study, conducted in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbagh, Dhaka during the periods of 1st March, 2012 to 31st August, 2012. Fifty four patients between 35-75 years of age without consideration of gender with a history of not less than three months knee pain with radiographic confirmation of primary osteoarthritis were selected purposefully. Then they were divided randomly in group A & group B. Group A received g NSAID [Aceclofenac 100mg B.D.-10 days]+Omeprazol (20mg B.D.-10days) + Therapeutic exercise + ADL and Group B received gUST+NSAID [Aceclofenac 100mg B.D.-10 days]+ Omeprazol (20mg B.D.-10days) + Therapeutic exercise + ADL. In both groups the patients were observed for six weeks. Outcome measured by VAS, ROM, 50 feet walking time and WOMAC index.Results: Mean ± SD of age in group A and group B were 52.33 ± 9.62 years and 52.29 ± 9.67 years respectively. Among the 27 patients in group A 9 (33.3%) were male and 18 (66.7%) were female. Among the 27 patients in group B 10 (37.0%) were male and 18 (63.0%) were female. Mean ± SD of VAS during pre treatment in group A and group B were 6.22 ± 1.60 and 7.15 ± 1.56 respectively. Mean ± SD of ROM during pre treatment in group A and group B were 117.33 ± 13.05 and 112.37 ± 19.01 respectively. Mean ± SD of time taken to walk 50 feet during pre treatment in group A and group B were 18.22 ± 2.39 and 18.81 ± 2.13 minutes respectively. Mean ± SD of WOMAC index in group A and group B were 60.85 ± 15.86 and 67.33 ± 16.33 minutes respectively. After treatment in both groups VAS, time taken to walk 50 feet and WOMAC index gradually decreased and ROM gradually increased.Conclusion: Although the study conducted with small sample size in a single centre in Dhaka city which may not be representative for the whole country it was found that there was statistically significant difference found in VAS, ROM, and time taken to walk 50 feet and WOMAC index between the groups.KYAMC Journal Vol. 7, No.-2, Jan 2017, Page 750-757
Study of Diameter of Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle in Bangladeshi Cadaver
Authors: Haque AQM Ataul , Khalil Mohsin , Sultana Seheli Zannat , Ahmed Md Shameem , Hossain Muazzem , Uddin Md Mesbah , Ara Anjuman
Published: August 2017

Background: The cerebellum is a very important part of central nervous system. It is involved in the maintenance of balance and posture, coordination of voluntary movements, motor learning and cognitive functions such as language. Inferior cerebellar peduncle connects the spinal cord and medulla oblongata with the cerebellum and carries unconsciousness proprioceptive information from body and limb. The mean diameter of inferior cerebellar peduncle at birth is only a fraction of the adult diameter then diameter increases up to certain age and decreases in old age.Objectives: The present study was done to observe the diameter of the inferior cerebellar peduncle in different age groups of Bangladeshi cadaver which will serve as a baseline data for clinician about the neurological disorders in our country.Materials and Methods: A cross sectional, analytical type of study was carried out in the department of anatomy, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh from April'2009 to September'2009. A total of 63 cerebellums were collected of which 40 (male 25 and female 15) were from during postmortem of unclaimed Bangladeshi cadaver aged between 5 to 60 years and 23 (male 14 and female 9) were from caesarian section of dead fetuses aged between 34 wks to 42 wks. of gestation. The collected sample was grouped into three age groups like Group A (34 to 42 weeks of gestation), Group B (5 to 30 years) and Group C (31 to 60 years). The diameters of the inferior cerebellar peduncles were measured by using slide calipers and expressed in millimeter (mm).Result: The mean (±SD) diameter of right inferior cerebellar peduncle was in Group A 5.40±1.13, B 7.72±1.18 and C 6.77±1.68 mm respectively and the mean (±SD) diameter of left inferior cerebellar peduncle was in Group A 5.20±1.09, B 7.59±1.23 and C 6.66±1.58 mm respectively.Conclusion: From the present study it is observed that the mean diameter of the inferior cerebellar peduncle increased with age upto certain level then slightly decreased in the late age. The result of the present study will enrich the information pool on diameter of the inferior cerebellar peduncle of Bangladeshi people.KYAMC Journal Vol. 8, No.-1, Jul 2017, Page 27-32
Prevalence of Perinatal Asphyxia with Evaluation of Associated Risk Factors in a Rural Tertiary Level Hospital
Authors: Solayman Mohammed , Hoque Sayama , Akber Taslima , Islam Md Imtiajul , Islam Md Anwarul
Published: August 2017

Background: Perinatal asphyxia (PNA) is one of the most important causes of perinatal mortality and morbidity which can be preventable and managable.Objectives: The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of perinatal asphyxia and to explore the factors influencing or related to the development of the PNA.Materials and Methods: It is a cross-sectional study conducted in the neonatal unit of department of pediatrics, KYAMC hospital from January 2015 to December 2016. Two hundred eleven neonates admitted in neonatal unit including SCABU were enrolled in the study considering inclusion criteria. Necessary information about sociodemography, peri-natal history (including antepartum, intrapartum and fetal risk factors) were collected by detailed history taking on a pre-designed questionnaire. Clinical examinations and outcomes were also recorded. We used Student's t-test and ?2-test to determine the association of PNA with various risk factors.Results: The male to female ratio was 1.6:1. The mean age of the neonates during admission time was 3.66 (±5.506) days (in PNA 1.8±2.803 days and in normal group 6.11±7.047 days). The overall prevalence of PNA was 56.9% (120); male 60.8% (73) and female 39.2% (47). Identified significant materno-fetal risk factors were maternal young age (p= .038), low socioeconomic condition (p = .000,) primiparity (p = .003), muconium stained amniotic fluid (p = .004), obstructed labour (p = .019), low birth weight (p = .009) and home vaginal delivery by local dai and midwives (p = .017). Serious neonatal complications noted among the asphyxiated babies were hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy with convulsion, neonatal jaundice, septicemia, transient tachypnoea of neonate, hypoglycemia, respiratory distress syndrome, caput succedaneum and feeding problem.Conclusions: Findings of this study highlight the need for the better obstetrical care and awareness of the possible presence of the risk factors of PNA among mothers and fetus, so that the occurrence and worsening of PNA could be prevented or at least appropriately managed. It can reduce the high incidence of morbidity and mortality due to birth asphyxia.KYAMC Journal Vol. 8, No.-1, Jul 2017, Page 43-48
Evaluation of Lymph Node Biopsies in a Peripheral Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Sarker Md Mahbur Rashid , Farooq Md Shamim , Uddin Kazi Shihab , Tithy Sharmin Rashid
Published: August 2017

Background: Lymphadenopathy is a common clinical condition in Bangladesh and histopathological examination is important for diagnosis.Objectives: The aim of this study was to detect pattern of benign and malignant conditions of lymphadenopathy.Methods: This study was done in the department of Pathology, Khwaja Yunus Ali Medical College & Hospital (KYAMCH), a rural tertiary hospital in Bangladesh. A total of 420 lymph node biopsies from January 2013 to December 2015 were included.Results: Among these, 208 (49.5%) were metastatic carcinoma, followed by non-specific lymphadenitis 116 (27.6%), non-hodgkin lymphoma 48 (11.4%) and tuberculosis 35 (8.3%). The mean age±SD of patients was 44.82±15.42 years. Incidence of malignancy was quite higher in compare to previous studies.Conclusion: In case of any suspicious lymphadenopathy, histopathology should be done for diagnosis and also to exclude malignancy that will help to reduce patients' morbidity and mortality.KYAMC Journal Vol. 8, No.-1, Jul 2017, Page 49-52
BCG Immunotherapy for Bladder Carcinoma
Authors: Mallik Ashraf Uddin , Rahman Md Mostafizur , Halder Horobilash
Published: August 2017

Purpose: We reviewed the literatures to see history, regimen of BCG and how BCG become a standard therapy for bladder carcinoma.Materials and Methods: We reviewed the previous literature describing the bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine as an anticancer agent and its success as the most effective immunotherapy used against human bladder cancer and its adverse effects.Results: The association between tuberculosis and carcinoma is well established, It demonstrate that Bacillus Calmette-Guerin have immunological reactivity, inhibiting the tumor growth and progression in experimental animal models, led to clinical trials showing that intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin eradicate and prevent recurrence and progression of superficial bladder carcinoma The exact mechanism of action of intravesical BCG instillation is still under investigation. However, it appears that BCG is mediated by the local immune response, mainly through T-helper cell response. It reduces the recurrence rate by an average of 40% and progression by more than 20% in papillary tumors, Carcinoma-in-situ over the patients without BCG therapy.Conclusions: For the last 45 yrs Bacillus Calmette- Guerin therapy has remained first line intravesical immunotherapy for superficial bladder cancer, an outstanding example of successful immunotherapy.KYAMC Journal Vol. 8, No.-1, Jul 2017, Page 56-60
Comparative Study of Surgical Site Infection between Laparoscopic Appendectomy and Open Appendectomy
Authors: Salim Md , Ahmed Jashim Uddin , Bhuyian Nur Hossain , Rahman Mahmudur , Alam Monirul , Khan Muallem Al Farukh , Anwar Md Khairul
Published: August 2017

Surgical site infection (SSI) is defined as infection at surgical site within 01 month after surgery (or within a year in case of implant). Surgical-site infection requires microbial contamination of the surgical wound to occur. LA provides considerable benefits over OA, including a shorter length of hospital stay, less postoperative pain, earlier postoperative recovery, and a lower complication rate. This was a prospective observational study conducted inpatient department of Chittagong Medical College Hospital and private hospitals and clinics in Chittagong city. The patients were interviewed face to face by the researcher for the purpose of collection of data and were examined by the researcher for certain signs recorded in the fixed protocol. Collected data was classified, edited, coded and entered into the computer for statistical analysis by using SPSS-22. Out of 200 cases mean age was found 33.76 ± 23.35 years in OA group and 32.21 ± 16.51 years in LA group. Male was found 58% in OA group and 53% in LA group. Female was found 42% and 47% in OA and LA group respectively. Mean operative time was found 41.2±8.5 minutes in OA group and 49.3±8.9 minutes in LA group. Alternate pathology were more frequently detected in LA due to wide area of vision. Superficial incisional SSI was found 10% in OA group and 5% in LA group. Deep incisional SSI was found 2% in OA group and 2% in LA group. Organ/space SSI was 2% and 3% in OA group and LA group respectively. Staphylococcus aureus is the commonest organism isolated form the surgical wounds from 41.34% followed by Pseudomonas 21.26%, no growth 11.1%, E.coli 9.6%, others 9.4%, Klebsiella 7.0%. Laparoscopic appendectomy was better than open appendectomy with respect to wound infection rate, postoperative pain, postoperative hospital stay and return to normal activities.Medicine Today 2017 Vol.29(1): 6-11
Coronary Angiographic Findings of Symptomatic Patients with Essential Hypertension
Authors: Ikbal Abu Tarek , Ayub Md , Salehuddin Md
Published: August 2017

Essential hypertension is a common risk factor for ischemic heart disease. So the Objective of the present study was to find the different angiographic pattern among the symptomatic patients having essential hypertension. A total of 100 symptomatic patients with essential hypertension were evaluated in a one year period by coronary angiography (CAG) in a tertiary care hospital of Chittagong, Bangladesh. Standard protocol and procedure were followed during doing CAG. All data were compiled and were analyzed by SPSS-20. Among 95 patients evaluated male were more 76 (80%) and male to female ratio was 4:1. Most of the patients were involved in service 55(57%). Among all 77(81%) patients were at age group <60 years. Regarding risk factor analysis 39 (41%) patients had DM, 18 (19%) patients had different kinds of dyslipidemia, 66 (69%) patients had hypertension and 25(26.5%) were smoker. Angiographic study revealed 9(9.2%) had involvement of LMCA, 56(58%) had LAD, 29(30%) had LCX, 31(32%) RCA and 18(19%) patients had triple vessel disease. ETT is be a valuable screening tool before doing invasive CAG in our setting.Medicine Today 2017 Vol.29(1): 32-34
FAHR'S Sy ndrome: A rare Neurodegenerative Disorder
Authors: Ahad Md Abdul , Kamal SM , Salma Umme
Published: August 2017

Idiopathic Basal Ganglia Calcification, also known as Fahr disease or Fahr's Syndrome or Bilateral StriatoPallidoDentate Calcinosis (BSPDC) is a rare, genetically dominant, inherited neurological disorder characterized by abnormal deposits of calcium in areas of the brain that control movement, including the basal ganglia and the cerebral cortex. A rare idiopathic disease which manifests in middle age characterized by punctate areas of non-arteriosclerotic calcination in parts of the gray and dentate nuclei, particularly of smaller brain vessels. The symptoms include mental and growth retardation, dystonic movements, and athetosis. May be caused by a malfunction of the glandula parathyreoidea. The term Fahr triad consists of symmetrical calcification of the basal ganglia, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and hypofunction of the parathyroid gland. Treatment is directed toward minimizing symptoms. The prognosis for any individual with Fahr's Syndrome is variable and hard to predict. Progressive neurological deterioration generally results in disability and death.Medicine Today 2017 Vol.29(1): 39-41
Electron–hole liquid in semiconductors and low-dimensional structures
Authors: Sibeldin N N
Published: August 2017

The condensation of excitons into an electron–hole liquid (EHL) and the main EHL properties in bulk semiconductors and low-dimensional structures are considered. The EHL properties in bulk materials are discussed primarily in qualitative terms based on the experimental results obtained for germanium and silicon. Some of the experiments in which the main EHL thermodynamic parameters (density and binding energy) have been obtained are described and the basic factors that determine these parameters are considered. Topics covered include the effect of external perturbations (uniaxial strain and magnetic field) on EHL stability; phase diagrams for a nonequilibrium exciton-gas–EHL system; information on the size and concentration of electron–hole drops (EHDs) under various experimental conditions; the kinetics of exciton condensation and of recombination in the exciton-gas–EHD system; dynamic EHD properties and the motion of EHDs under the action of external forces; the properties of giant EHDs that form in potential wells produced by applying an inhomogeneous strain to the crystal; and effects associated with the drag of EHDs by nonequilibrium phonons (phonon wind), including the dynamics and formation of an anisotropic spatial structure of the EHD cloud. In discussing EHLs in low-dimensional structures, a number of studies are reviewed on the observation and experimental investigation of phenomena such as spatially indirect (dipolar) electron–hole and exciton (dielectric) liquids in GaAs/AlGaAs structures with double quantum wells (QWs), EHDs containing only a few electron–hole pairs (dropletons), EHLs in type-I silicon QWs, and spatially direct and dipolar EHLs in type-II silicon–germanium heterostructures.
A Novel Impedance Biosensor for Measurement of Trans-Epithelial Resistance in Cells Cultured on Nanofiber Scaffolds
Authors: Schramm Robert , Koslow Matthew , Nelson Deirdre , Larsen Melinda , Castracane James
Published: August 2017

Nanofibrous scaffolds provide high surface area for cell attachment, and resemble the structure of the collagen fibers which naturally occur in the basement membrane and extracellular matrix. A label free and non-destructive method of assessing the interaction of cell tissue and scaffolds aids in the ability to discern the effective quality and magnitude of any scaffold modifications. Impedance cell spectroscopy is a biosensing method that employs a functional approach to assessing the cell monolayer. The electrical impedance barrier function of a cell monolayer represents the level of restriction to diffusion of charged species between all adjacent cells across an entire contiguous cellular monolayer. The impedance signals from many individual paracellular pathways contribute to the bulk measurement of the whole monolayer barrier function. However, the scaffold substrate must be entirely porous in order to be used with electrochemical cell impedance spectroscopy (ECIS) and cells must be closely situated to the electrodes. For purposes of evaluating cell-scaffold constructs for tissue engineering, non-invasive evaluation of cell properties while seeded on scaffolds is critical. A Transwell-type assay makes a measurement across a semi-permeable membrane, using electrodes placed on opposing sides of the membrane immersed in fluid. It was found that by suspending a nanofiber scaffold across a Transwell aperture, it is possible to integrate a fully functional nanofiber tissue scaffold with the ECIS Transwell apparatus. Salivary epithelial cells were grown on the nanofiber scaffolds and tight junction formation was evaluated using ECIS measurements in parallel with immunostaining and confocal imaging. The trans-epithelial resistance increased coordinate with cell coverage, culminating with a cell monolayer, at which point the tight junction proteins assemble and strengthen, reaching the peak signal. These studies demonstrate that ECIS can be used to evaluate tight junction formation in cells grown on nanofiber scaffolds and on effects of scaffold conditions on cells, thus providing useful biological feedback to inform superior scaffold designs.