bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Internações psiquiátricas pelo Sistema Único de Saúde no Brasil ocorridas entre 2000 e 2014
Authors: Rocha Hugo André da , Reis Ilka Afonso , Santos Marcos Antônio da Cunha , Melo Ana Paula Souto , Cherchiglia Mariangela Leal
Published: April 2021

OBJETIVO Caracterizar o perfil dos pacientes que foram internados por transtornos mentais e comportamentais pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) no Brasil entre 2000 e 2014, bem como verificar como aspectos da nova política de saúde mental influenciaram a taxa de pacientes internados no referido período. MÉTODOS Estudo de coorte prospectiva não concorrente utilizando dados secundários de pacientes internados com diagnóstico primário de transtornos mentais e comportamentais entre 01/01/2000 e 31/12/2014. Foram selecionadas variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas e de características do hospital, além disso, foram calculadas as taxas gerais de pacientes internados segundo motivo de internação, tipo de hospital, natureza jurídica e número de internações de cada paciente por ano. Foi testada a associação entre taxas de pacientes internados, número de leitos psiquiátricos por ano e número de Centros de Atenção Psicossocial por ano. RESULTADOS Foram selecionados 1.549.298 pacientes dos quais os diagnósticos mais frequentes na primeira internação foram os transtornos devidos ao uso de substâncias psicoativas, seguidos por esquizofrenia e transtornos de humor. A mediana de internações por paciente foi de 1,9 e a de tempo de internação por paciente foi de 29 dias. A taxa geral de pacientes internados foi reduzida à quase metade no período. O número de leitos por ano apresentou associação positiva com as taxas de pacientes internados, e o número de CAPS por ano teve associação negativa com algumas taxas de pacientes internados. CONCLUSÃO Verificou-se que, mesmo diante de um contexto de adversidades, a Política Nacional de Saúde Mental avançou em suas metas de reduzir progressivamente os leitos hospitalares e aumentar a oferta de serviços substitutivos de tal modo que ambas as estratégias foram associadas à redução das taxas de pacientes internados. Contudo, as mudanças foram percebidas com maior intensidade nos primeiros anos de implantação da política, tornando-se menos pujante nos últimos anos.
Ageismo contra idosos no contexto da pandemia da covid-19: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Silva Marcela Fernandes , Silva Diego Salvador Muniz da , Bacurau Aldiane Gomes de Macedo , Francisco Priscila Maria Stolses Bergamo , Assumpção Daniela de , Neri Anita  Liberalesso , Borim Flávia Silva Arbex
Published: April 2021

OBJETIVO: Descrever os principais resultados de estudos sobre preconceito, estereotipia e discriminação relacionados à idade (ageismo) no contexto da pandemia da covid-19. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura sobre o ageismo no contexto da pandemia da covid-19, realizada entre maio e junho de 2020, a partir das seguintes bases de dados: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE/PubMed), Web of Science (Thompson Reuters), Scopus (Elsevier Science), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO). RESULTADOS: Foram analisadas 21 publicações que discorreram sobre o ageismo durante a pandemia, suas origens, consequências e implicações ético-políticas. As publicações identificadas são de natureza teórica com abordagem crítico-reflexiva, sendo 90,5% artigos opinativos (n = 19) e 9,5% de pesquisa (n = 2). Os principais resultados encontrados apontam críticas em relação à destinação de recursos e cuidados intensivos baseados exclusivamente no critério etário. São também apontados os impactos do isolamento social, o uso das tecnologias e mídias sociais e as relações intergeracionais no cenário da covid-19. CONCLUSÃO: A maioria das publicações indicam que o ageismo sempre esteve presente, mas tornou-se mais evidente durante a pandemia da covid-19 como forma de discriminação contra idosos. Ressalta-se que discursos “ageistas” podem influenciar negativamente na vida dos idosos e causar impactos sociais e psicológicos prejudiciais.
Prdm16 Supports Arterial Flow Recovery by Maintaining Endothelial Function
Authors: Craps Sander , Van Wauwe Jore , De Moudt Sofie , De Munck Dorien , Leloup Arthur J.A. , Boeckx Bram , Vervliet Tim , Dheedene Wouter , Criem Nathan , Geeroms Carla , Jones Elizabeth A.V. , Zwijsen An , Lambrechts Diether , Fransen Paul , Beerens Manu , Luttun Aernout
Published: April 2021

Rationale:

Understanding the mechanisms that regulate arterial flow recovery is important to design treatment options for peripheral artery disease patients ineligible for invasive revascularization. Transcriptional orchestrators of this recovery process represent an appealing target for treatment design. We previously identified Prdm (positive regulatory domain-containing protein) 16 as an arterial-specific endothelial transcription factor but its in vivo role in arteries remains completely unknown.

Objective:

To unravel the role of Prdm16 in arteries under physiological and pathological conditions, more specifically during peripheral artery disease.

Methods and Results:

Within the vasculature, Prdm16 expression was strictly confined to arterial endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Heterozygous loss of
Prdm16
caused a modest reduction of the inner arterial diameter and smooth muscle cell coating without compromising vasomotor function. Upon femoral artery ligation,
Prdm16
+/−
mice featured significantly impaired flow recovery to ischemic limbs. This impairment was recapitulated in mice with a
Prdm16
deletion specifically in endothelial cells (
EC-Prdm16
−/−
) but not smooth muscle cells. Structural collateral remodeling was normal in both
Prdm16
+/−
and
EC-Prdm16
−/−
mice, but significant endothelial dysfunction postligation was present in
EC-Prdm16
−/−
mice as evidenced by impaired endothelial-dependent relaxation. Upon ligation, endothelial
Prdm16
deficiency altered the expression of genes encoding endothelial cell function regulators, many related to nitric oxide bioavailability and Ca
2+
homeostasis. Accordingly, Prdm16 overexpression in cultured endothelial cells affected both total cellular Ca
2+
levels and store-operated Ca
2+
entry.

Conclusions:

We showed that Prdm16 is indispensable for arterial flow recovery under pathological challenge not because it affects structural remodeling but due to its role in maintaining endothelial function. It, therefore, represents an appealing target for designing novel therapeutic strategies for no-option patients with peripheral artery disease.
Cigarette Smoking and Longitudinal Associations With Blood Pressure: The CARDIA Study
Authors: Luehrs Rachel E. , Zhang Dong , Pierce Gary L. , Jacobs David R. , Kalhan Ravi , Whitaker Kara M.
Published: April 2021

Background

The associations of chronic cigarette smoking with blood pressure (BP) remain mixed. It is unclear whether a lack of examination of racial differences contributed to the mixed findings in previous studies. Black smokers metabolize nicotine at a slower rate than White smokers and racial discrimination contributes to nicotine dependence and higher BP among Black smokers.

Methods and Results

We studied the association between cigarette smoking and longitudinal (30‐year) changes in systolic BP, diastolic BP, and pulse pressure (PP) in 4786 Black and White individuals from the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study using repeated‐measures regression models. Neither systolic BP, nor diastolic BP differed between Black consistent smokers compared with Black never smokers, although Black consistent smokers had higher PP than Black never smokers (β=1.01 mm Hg,
P
=0.028). White consistent smokers had similar systolic BP, but lower diastolic BP (β=−2.27 mm Hg,
P
<0.001) and higher PP (β=1.59 mm Hg,
P
<0.001) compared with White never smokers. There were no differences in systolic BP, diastolic BP, or PP between Black or White long‐term former smokers compared with never smokers (all
P
>0.05).

Conclusions

Although the associations of cigarette smoking with alterations in BP are small, the greater PP observed in consistent smokers may contribute in part to the higher cardiovascular disease risk observed in this group because PP is a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease risk after middle age.
Causal Effect of MMP-1 (Matrix Metalloproteinase-1), MMP-8, and MMP-12 Levels on Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Cárcel-Márquez Jara , Cullell Natalia , Muiño Elena , Gallego-Fabrega Cristina , Lledós Miquel , Ibañez Laura , Krupinski Jerzy , Montaner Joan , Cruchaga Carlos , Lee Jin-Moo , Gill Dipender , Paré Guillaume , Mola-Caminal Marina , Roquer Jaume , Jimenez-Conde Jordi , Martí-Fàbregas Joan , Fernandez-Cadenas Israel
Published: April 2021

Background and Purpose:

MMP (matrix metalloproteinase) levels have been widely associated with ischemic stroke risk and poststroke outcome. However, their role as a risk factor or as a subeffect because of ischemia is uncertain.

Methods:

We performed a literature search of genome-wide studies that evaluate serum/plasma levels of MMPs. We used a 2-sample Mendelian randomization approach to evaluate the causality of MMP levels on ischemic stroke risk or poststroke outcome, using 2 cohorts: MEGASTROKE (n=440 328) and GODs (n=1791).

Results:

Genome-wide association studies of MMP-1, MMP-8, and MMP-12 plasma/serum levels were evaluated. A significant association, which was also robust in the sensitivity analysis, was found with all ischemic strokes: MMP-12 (odds ratio=0.90 [95% CI, 0.86–0.94];
q
value=7.43×10
−
5
), and with subtypes of stroke, large-artery atherosclerosis: MMP-1 (odds ratio=0.95 [95% CI, 0.92–0.98];
q
value=0.01) and MMP-12 (odds ratio=0.71 [95% CI, 0.65–0.77];
q
value=5.11×10
−
14
); small-vessel occlusion: MMP-8 (odds ratio=1.24 [95% CI, 1.06–1.45];
q
value=0.03). No associations were found in relation to stroke outcome.

Conclusions:

Our study suggests a causal link between lower serum levels of MMP-12 and the risk of ischemic stroke, lower serum levels of MMP-1 and MMP-12 and the risk of large-artery stroke and higher serum levels of MMP-8 and the risk of lacunar stroke.
Myrtaceae floristic survey and vegetation distribution in a central portion of Chapada Diamantina, Brazil

Authors: LUCRESIA LUÍSA , STADNIK ALINE , CAMPOS LÍDIA , ROQUE NÁDIA
Published: April 2021

Myrtaceae is an important family in the neotropics, being highlighted for its relevance in a wide range of vegetations, including those found within the Espinhaço Mountain Range (EMR). The main goal of the present work was to analyze Myrtaceae floristic composition and vegetation distribution in the municipality of Mucugê, Chapada Diamantina, Bahia. Specimens were analyzed in herbaria, two field expeditions were carried out and a landcover classification was performed through remote sensing. The compiled dataset presented 438 records with valid taxonomical identification, from which 374 records were seen by the authors in herbaria. Nine genera and 66 species of Myrtaceae were found, representing the largest Myrtaceae diversity recorded in Chapada Diamantina so far. Four vegetation classes were detected in the landcover classification (campo rupestre, cerrado sensu lato, caatinga sensu lato, and evergreen forest), encompassing 12 phytophysiognomies validated in situ. Comparisons on species diversity within different classes of vegetation were made by overlapping the vegetation classification and Myrtaceae records, also highlighting a directional sampling effort, being the areas threatened by the agriculture expansion both subsampled and poorly known.
A slender red species of Entoloma (Entolomataceae) from China
Authors: XING JIA-HUI , HE XIN-SHENG , LI TAI-HUI , LI CHUAN-HUA , HE XIAO-LAN
Published: April 2021

A new species, Entoloma coccineum, is described from Sichuan Province of China. It is characterized by brilliant red, small and slender basidiomata with deeply decurrent lamellae, and cuboid basidiospores 7–11 μm. The combination of these morphological characters is very distinctive among the known taxa of Entoloma, and the molecular data of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (nrLSU) sequences also show it to be an independent taxon. In this paper, the new species is morphologically described and illustrated in detail, phenotypic and phylogenetic closely related taxa are compared, and a phylogenetic tree based on the nrLSU sequences is presented.
The easternmost record of Macratriinae LeConte, 1862 (Coleoptera: Anthicidae), with a new species from Fiji and a genus-rank synonymy in Macratriini LeConte, 1862
Authors: TELNOV DMITRY
Published: April 2021

The easternmost record of Macratria Newman, 1838 from Fiji is presented, and M. fijiana sp. nov. is described and illustrated. Biogeographical patterns and diversity of Pacific Macratriinae are briefly discussed. Additionally, a new genus rank synonymy in Macratriinae is proposed: Thambospasta Werner, 1974 syn. nov. of Salimuzzamania Abdullah, 1968. New combination is made for Salimuzzamania howdeni (Werner, 1974) comb. nov. (from Thambospasta).
Six new epigean species of Caecidotea (Isopoda: Asellidae) distributed along the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt in Central Mexico
Authors: GARCÍA-VÁZQUEZ LEONARDO , PEDRAZA-LARA CARLOS , RODRÍGUEZ-ALMARAZ GABINO
Published: April 2021

Six new epigean freshwater species of the genus Caecidotea in Mexico are described. These species were collected in waterbodies located along the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB) and the eastern slope of the country: Caecidotea buzwilsoni sp. nov., Caecidotea chicoensis sp. nov., Caecidotea alvarezi sp. nov., Caecidotea mintzita sp. nov., Caecidotea zacapuensis sp. nov., and one additional species Caecidotea villalobosi sp. nov. is described from the Papaloapan basin at the Atlantic Slope of Mexico. The taxonomic treatment for each species includes a detailed description, figures of characters of diagnostic importance and comments. We also provide an updated map of Caecidotea records in Mexico. This work substantially increases the number of epigean Caecidotea known to occur in Mexico to 11 species, a new total of 99 species described to North America.
New genus, new species and new records in Lamiinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae)
Authors: PÉREZ-FLORES OSCAR , SANTOS-SILVA ANTONIO
Published: April 2021

A new genus and three new species of the subfamily Lamiinae are described and illustrated: Osckayia oaxacae gen. nov., sp. nov. from Mexico (Oaxaca); Pseudastylopsis albus sp. nov. from Mexico (Oaxaca) and Honduras (Cortés); and Urgleptes albomaculatus sp. nov. from Mexico (Oaxaca). New country record for Acanthoderes (Acanthoderes) giesberti Chemsak & Hovore, 2002 is provided.
Revisiting the Role of Mountains in the Northern Hemisphere Winter Atmospheric Circulation
Authors: White R. H. , Wallace J. M. , Battisti D. S.
Published: April 2021

The impact of global orography on Northern Hemisphere wintertime climate is revisited using the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model, version 6 (WACCM6). A suite of experiments explores the roles of both resolved orography and the parameterized effects of unresolved orographic drag (hereafter parameterized orography), including gravity waves and boundary layer turbulence. Including orography reduces the extratropical tropospheric and stratospheric zonal mean zonal wind by up to 80%; this is substantially greater than previous estimates. Ultimately, parameterized orography accounts for 60%–80% of this reduction; however, away from the surface most of the forcing of by parameterized orography is accomplished by resolved planetary waves. We propose that a catalytic wave–mean-flow positive feedback in the stratosphere makes the stratospheric flow particularly sensitive to parameterized orography. Orography and land–sea contrast contribute approximately equally to the strength of the midlatitude stationary waves in the free troposphere, although orography is the dominant cause of the strength of the Siberian high and Aleutian low at the surface and of the position of the Icelandic low. We argue that precisely quantifying the role of orography on the observed stationary waves is an almost intractable problem, and in particular should not be approached with linear stationary wave models in which is prescribed. We show that orography has less impact on stationary waves, and therefore on , on a backward-rotating Earth. Last, we show that atmospheric meridional heat transport shows remarkable constancy across our simulations, despite vastly different climates and stationary wave strengths.
Performance, Hemodynamics, and Stress in a Two-Day Vigilance Task: Practical and Theoretical Implications
Authors: Smith Samantha L. , Helton William S. , Matthews Gerald , Funke Gregory J.
Published: April 2021

Objective

To explore vigilance task performance, cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV), workload, and stress in a within-subjects, two-session experiment.

Background

Vigilance, or sustained attention, tasks are often characterized by a decline in operator performance and CBFV with time on task, and high workload and stress. Though performance is known to improve with practice, past research has not included measures of CBFV, stress, and workload in a within-subjects multi-session design, which may also provide insight into ongoing theoretical debate.

Method

Participants performed a vigilance task on two separate occasions. Performance, CBFV, workload, and self-reported stress were measured.

Results

Within each session, results were consistent with the vigilance profile found in prior research. Across sessions, performance improved but the time on task decrement remained. Mean CBFV and workload ratings did not differ between sessions, but participants reported significantly less distress, worry, and engagement after session two compared to one.

Conclusion

Though practice may not disrupt the standard vigilance profile, it may serve to improve overall performance and reduce stress. However, repeated exposure may have negative implications for engagement and mind-wandering.

Application

It is important to better understand the relationship between experience, performance, physiological response, and self-reported stress and workload in vigilance because real-world environments often require operators to do the same task over many occasions. While performance improvement and reduced distress is an encouraging result, the decline in engagement requires further research. Results across sessions fail to provide support to the mind-wandering theory of vigilance.
Meso-Scale Kinematic Responses of Asphalt Mixture in Both Field and Laboratory Compaction
Authors: Wang Xue , Shen Shihui , Huang Hai
Published: April 2021

Compaction is one of the most critical steps in asphalt pavement construction. Traditional compaction relies heavily on engineering experience and post-construction quality control and can lead to under/over compaction problems. The emerging intelligent compaction technology has improved compaction quality but is still not successful in obtaining mixture properties of a single pavement layer. Besides, very few studies have discussed the internal material responses during field and laboratory compaction to explain the meso-scale (i.e., particle scale) compaction mechanism. Knowledge in those areas may greatly promote the development of smart compaction. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the kinematic behavior of the asphalt mixture particles (translation and rotation) under six types of field and laboratory compaction methods and establish the relationship between the field and the laboratory compaction by using a real-time particle motion sensor, SmartRock. It was found that particle movement pattern was mainly affected by the compaction mode. At the meso-scale where particle behavior is the focus, the kneading effects of a pneumatic-tire roller can be simulated by laboratory gyratory and rolling wheel compaction, and the vibrating effects of a vibratory roller can be simulated by Marshall compaction. However, none of those laboratory compaction methods can completely simulate the field compaction. Under vibratory rolling, particle acceleration decreased fast in the breakdown rolling stage. Under pneumatic-tire rolling, particle angular position change was related to aggregate skeleton, and particle relative rotation showed a decreasing trend that was consistent with the laboratory gyratory compaction results. Those kinematic responses can potentially be used to monitor density change in field compaction.
Comparing Regional Sustainability and Transportation Sustainability at the Metropolitan Level in the U.S. using Artificial Neural Network Clustering Techniques
Authors: Liu Haiqing , Chen Na , Wang Xinhao
Published: April 2021

Regional sustainability and transportation sustainability have been intensely discussed and analyzed in recent decades. Though the use of indicators has been adopted in those models, debates continue on what indicators should be used and how to optimize the number of indicators. This results in the lack of a comprehensive and efficient method to assess and compare the sustainability of a sub-system, such as transportation system, and overall regional sustainability. A thorough literature review is conducted to identify indicators used to assess regional sustainability and transportation sustainability. Then, based on the available data, two sets of indicators for regional sustainability and transportation sustainability are identified and calculated respectively for the 382 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) in the U.S. A self-organizing map, which is a type of artificial neural network, is used to cluster the MSAs and compare their regional sustainability and transportation sustainability as well as to investigate the relationships among indicators. The results show that MSAs with a higher score on regional sustainability do not necessarily have a higher score on transportation sustainability. Some MSAs that are geographically close to each other have similar scores in regional sustainability and transportation sustainability. These findings provide insights to decision makers that the assessment of sustainability should consider both correlation and heterogeneity of different indicators within a region. Therefore, it is important to develop a comprehensive and efficient method to evaluate the role of sustainability in one urban sub-system, such as transportation, in the overall regional sustainability.
The Psychological Reach of Culture in Animals’ Lives
Authors: Whiten Andrew
Published: April 2021

Culture—the totality of traditions acquired in a community by social learning from other individuals—has increasingly been found to be pervasive not only in humans’ but in many other animals’ lives. Compared with learning on one’s own initiative, learning from others can be very much safer and more efficient, as the wisdom already accumulated by other individuals is assimilated. This article offers an overview of often surprising recent discoveries charting the reach of culture across an ever-expanding diversity of species, as well as an extensive variety of behavioral domains, and throughout an animal’s life. The psychological reach of culture is reflected in the knowledge and skills an animal thus acquires, via an array of different social learning processes. Social learning is often further guided by a suite of adaptive psychological biases, such as conformity and learning from optimal models. In humans, cumulative cultural change over generations has generated the complex cultural phenomena observed today. Animal cultures have been thought to lack this cumulative power, but recent findings suggest that elementary versions of cumulative culture may be important in animals’ lives.
The NIFty Method; Developing the “Neonatal Intubation Flowchart”
Authors: Jackson Simon , Coffey Michael , Walker Alison
Published: April 2021

Introduction:

When intubation is required during a neonatal emergency, it is imperative there are no delays in collecting equipment. Current practice is for the Intubation Assistant to gather intubation equipment with no memory adjuncts. This study aimed to develop a Neonatal Intubation Flowchart (NIF) and test whether it improves performance in equipment collection.

Methodology:

Using simulation, a control group (n = 21) was compared to an intervention group (utilizing prototype NIF 1) (n = 24), with both groups consisting of neonatal nurses, midwives, and junior and senior pediatric doctors. The simulation involved a neonate requiring emergency intubation and the participant was tasked to collect the intubation equipment. The outcomes measured were Percentage of Equipment Collected, Time to Collect Equipment, and Amount of Questions Asked. Following post-simulation feedback, the NIF 2 was developed. The same simulation was repeated to an intervention group (n = 28) which utilized NIF 2.

Results:

The NIF 2 displayed a significantly better Time to Collect Equipment compared to control and NIF 1 (Mean [M] = 64.3-102.0 and 150.8 s, respectively). The NIF 2 had a significantly better Percentage of Equipment Collected compared to the control and NIF 1 (M = 96%-59% and 87%, respectively). The NIF 2 demonstrated significantly less Amount of Questions Asked compared to the control and NIF 1 groups (Median = 0-1 and 2, respectively).

Conclusion:

The NIF 2 provides a significantly superior method to collect equipment, in a quicker time, with less distracting questions asked, compared to current practice.
Fostering Team Creativity Through Team-Focused Inclusion: The Role of Leader Harvesting the Benefits of Diversity and Cultivating Value-In-Diversity Beliefs
Authors: Leroy Hannes , Buengeler Claudia , Veestraeten Marlies , Shemla Meir , Hoever Inga J.
Published: April 2021

This article advances prior theory on inclusive leadership to better understand how leaders foster team creativity through members’ experience that their uniqueness belongs within the team (i.e., team-derived inclusion). We argue that leaders can instigate such sense of inclusion in their team by engaging in two behaviors: stimulating all members of the team to fully express their unique viewpoints and perspectives ( harvesting the benefits of diversity) and facilitating beliefs about the value of differences in the team ( cultivating value-in-diversity beliefs). In Study 1 ( n = 491 employees), we validated newly developed scales measuring these two leader behaviors. Using a sample of 38 teams within one organization (Study 2), we showed that harvesting the benefits of diversity, without also cultivating value-in-diversity beliefs, has a negative effect on team-derived inclusion and indirectly team creativity. In Study 3, we demonstrated based on 93 teams from multiple organizations, while ruling out several alternative explanations, that harvesting the benefits of diversity positively relates to team-derived inclusion and indirectly team creativity, if leaders also cultivated value-in-diversity beliefs. Our model and findings across studies are the first to shed light on inclusive leadership as double-edged sword in that leaders may need to complement harvesting with cultivating to prevent negative effects and elicit positive effects on inclusion and, eventually, team creativity.
Analysis on the vibration reduction for a new rigid–flexible gear transmission system
Authors: Geng Zhibo , Li Junyang , Xiao Ke , Wang Jiaxu
Published: April 2021

In this study, a new rigid–flexible gear with metal rubber is proposed to reduce the vibration of the gear transmission system. A nonlinear dynamic model with nine degrees of freedom considering bearing clearance, gear backlash, surface friction, and time-varying meshing stiffness is established. The nondimensional dynamic model of the transmission system is obtained and the bifurcation characteristics of the new rigid–flexible gear pair and the rigid gear pair are analyzed when the damping coefficient is, respectively, 0.03 and 0.1. The result shows that the motion state of the rigid–flexible gear pair is more stable. The dynamic responses of the rigid gear pair and the rigid–flexible gear pair are compared as well through numerical analysis and experiment to illustrate the advantage of the rigid–flexible gear pair in vibration reduction. The results can provide reference for vibration reduction of the novel gear transmission.
Finite element formulations for constrained spatial nonlinear beam theories
Authors: Harsch Jonas , Capobianco Giuseppe , Eugster Simon R
Published: April 2021

A new director-based finite element formulation for geometrically exact beams is proposed by weak enforcement of the orthonormality constraints of the directors. In addition to an improved numerical performance, this formulation enables the development of two more beam theories by adding further constraints. Thus, the paper presents a complete intrinsic spatial nonlinear theory of three kinematically different beams which can undergo large displacements and which can have precurved reference configurations. Moreover, the hyperelastic constitutive laws allow for elastic finite strain material behavior of the beams. Furthermore, the numerical discretization using concepts of isogeometric analysis is highlighted in all clarity. Finally, all presented models are numerically validated using exclusive analytical solutions, existing finite element formulations, and a complex dynamical real-world example.
Solution for the degenerate scale for a rigid curve in antiplane elasticity by using a weakly singular integral equation
Authors: Chen YZ
Published: April 2021

This paper provides a numerical solution for the degenerate scale for a rigid curve in antiplane elasticity. The degenerate scale problem for the rigid curve is formulated on the usage of the logarithmic potential. After assuming the displacement to be a vanishing value along the rigid curve, the boundary integral equation (BIE) is formulated. The problem can be first formulated in the degenerate scale. After making a coordinate transform, we can obtain the relevant BIE in the ordinary scale. Finally, a numerical solution is achieved. Several numerical examples are provided. In addition, the degenerate scale problem for the multiple rigid curves is also solved.
Effects of the 4/3/2 activity revisited: Extending Boers (2014) and Thai & Boers (2016)
Authors: Tran Mai Ngoc , Saito Kazuya
Published: April 2021

Whereas scholars have extensively researched the pedagogical potential of 4/3/2 activities (i.e. increasing time pressure in task repetition) for enhancing second language (L2) fluency, its impact on L2 accuracy remains unclear. To help L2 learners improve both fluency and accuracy, the present study examined the effects of adding accuracy enhancement (AE) as a form of delayed metalinguistic correction to the 4/3/2 activity on the development of L2 fluency (speed, breakdown, repair) and accuracy (the acquisition of irregular and regular forms of English past tense). A total of 36 university-level students participated in three 20-minute dyadic sessions. They were randomly divided into three groups: Control, 4/3/2 and 4/3/2+AE. Whereas the 4/3/2 group repeated a monologue task three times with increasing time pressure (4 → 3 → 2 minutes), those in the 4/3/2+AE received metalinguistic correction from the researcher during the 4/3/2 activity. According to the results, a combined approach, 4/3/2+AE, simultaneously impacted learners’ overall fluency and accuracy across different topics. However, certain aspects of their fluency and accuracy development, especially those related to linguistic encoding (reduction in pauses within clauses; regular past tense forms), remained unchanged.
Being between binary: Personal narratives and power geometry: A visual essay
Authors: Thomas Kate Carruthers
Published: April 2021

Being Between Binary is a visual critical auto-ethnography, combining collage, cartoon, narrative and photomontage in the form of a four-page A2 scrapbook. Conceptually and materially, the design combines map and memoir, placing Massey’s concept of power geometry into dialogue with personal experiences of sexuality and gender. The piece explores binaries and geographies of here/there, Global North/South, through a lens of borderlands, boundaries and crossings, modelling dissemination as a fluid space of continuing enquiry. This visual essay first contextualizes the making of the piece as creative fieldwork, matching ‘a synthesis of shattered fragments’, and then presents images of the work with brief commentary.
Redressing ‘unwinnable battles’: Towards institutional justice capital in Australian child protection
Authors: Hamilton Sharynne L , Maslen Sarah
Published: April 2021

Australia’s history of negative child protection outcomes for children in state care highlights the sustained, systemic nature of serious harm. Situated in emerging conversations on structural challenges and state violence for parents involved in child protection systems, we trace the resources and barriers to responsive and ‘just’ child protection practice, highlighting how institutions can serve to compound disadvantage and injustice. We argue that addressing challenges such as access to advocacy at the level of the individual is to miss the underlying politics of oppression that serves to keep families marginalised. Instead, we need to rethink how parental rights and responsibilities are best facilitated at institutional levels – what we term institutional justice capital. This requires public conversation about thresholds for child removal, transparent treatment of families, access to mechanisms to challenge the determinations of child protection authorities, and inter-organisational respect and collaboration to support families to navigate complex and multiple systems.
Duodenal Obstruction in a Patient Previously Treated With EndoVascular Aneurysm Sealing System Repair
Authors: Biddau Carlo , Nagliati Carlo , Graziano Michele , Cereser Lorenzo , Terrosu Giovanni , Balani Alessandro
Published: April 2021

The Nellix® endovascular aneurysm sealing system (EVAS) is a relatively novel approach for the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). We present herein a case of duodenal obstruction (DO) which occurred following an EVAS treatment for the repair of an AAA. A 77-year old man was admitted to our hospital with acute abdominal pain and recurrent vomiting. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a retroperitoneal 66 × 59 × 90 mm (antero-posterior, AP; latero-lateral, LL; cranio-caudal: CC) solid mass located in the epigastrium, corresponding to the infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm sac, previously treated by EVAS. An exploratory laparotomy was performed, which revealed a retroperitoneal mass compressing the third and fourth parts of the duodenum. A gastroenteroanastomosis was performed in order to bypass the duodenal obstruction. An extensive search of biomedical literature databases was conducted to identify similar cases. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of DO following an AAA repair with EVAS.
Hemihamate arthroplasties in pilon fractures: a modified approach and experience in 30 patients
Authors: Malhotra Gopal , Al Bahri Zamzam Hamed , Elsayed Ahmed Osama Abdelhamed , Komma Venkata Nageshwara Reddy , Patil Rahul
Published: April 2021

Hemihamate arthroplasty is an established method of managing difficult Pilon fractures of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint. We present our experience in 30 patients, whose injuries were further complicated by severe comminution and late presentations. Several modifications were utilized, including preoperative distraction, use of smaller size grafts and functional release of collaterals. The average follow-up period was 28 months (range 18 to 28). Postoperatively, the average range of flexion at the PIP joint improved from 30° (range 20° to 45°) preoperatively to 104° (90° to 110°) at the final follow-up. The average extension lag was 6° (0° to 20°). Five patients required secondary procedures and no patient had a recurrent dorsal dislocation. We propose these modifications in the use of hemihamate arthroplasty for the management of difficult PIP joint fractures.

Level of evidence: IV
Novel trends with biologics in inflammatory bowel disease: sequential and combined approaches
Authors: Privitera Giuseppe , Pugliese Daniela , Lopetuso Loris Riccardo , Scaldaferri Franco , Neri Matteo , Guidi Luisa , Gasbarrini Antonio , Armuzzi Alessandro
Published: April 2021

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) management has changed dramatically over the past 20 years, after the introduction of targeted biological therapies. However, the impact of these new drugs in changing the natural history of disease is still under debate. Recent evidence seems to suggest that the extent of their efficacy might be, at least partially, dependent on the timing of their introduction and on the subsequent management strategy. In this complex landscape, the potential role for a more dynamic approach with treatments based on sequencing and combining targeted therapies has been explored only minimally so far. In this review, we aim to explore the potential biological rationale behind the use of sequential and combination therapies in IBD, to summarise the current knowledge on this topic and to propose a management algorithm that combines these notions.
Building Store Equity: Role of Store Image, Consumer Satisfaction, and Store Loyalty in the Indian Retail Market
Authors: Sharma Rajesh , Patra Joy
Published: April 2021

The Indian retail sector is poised for tremendous growth and thus provides ample opportunities for local and global retailers. Building store equity will not only be a challenge but also be a prerequisite for surviving in the highly competitive market. The objective of the current study is to understand the role of store image, consumer satisfaction, and store loyalty in building retail store equity in the Indian retail market. The study employed exploratory factor analysis for reducing the number of items and linear regression for hypothesis testing. A total of 210 actual patrons evaluated different retail stores. The empirical findings suggest that store image, consumer satisfaction, and store loyalty play a direct, positive, and significant role in building retail store equity in the Indian retail market. Store image was found to have the strongest impact on store loyalty, followed by customer satisfaction on store loyalty, customer satisfaction on store equity, and store loyalty on store equity. This study will add value to literature on store image, consumer satisfaction, store loyalty, and store equity. The study concludes with strategic implications, limitations, and directions for future research.
Clinical and Radiological Safety of Retained Implantable Doppler Devices Used for Free Flap Monitoring
Authors: Kreutz-Rodrigues Lucas , Gibreel Waleed , Carlsen Brian T. , Frick Matthew A. , Mardini Samir , Bakri Karim
Published: April 2021

Introduction:

Implantable Doppler devices are reliable adjuncts used for free flap monitoring. Occasionally, the probe/wire is not removed and remains in the soft tissues. The clinical safety of the retained probes and safety and compatibility with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have not been studied. We present a series of retained implantable Doppler probes examining clinic outcomes, safety and compatibility with MRI, and effect on MRI image quality.

Methods:

A retrospective review was conducted of patients who had an implantable Doppler device for free flap monitoring between July 2007 and August 2018. Routine post-operative imaging was reviewed for all patients to identify incidental findings of a retained probe. A subset of patients with retained implantable Doppler probes who underwent MRI was identified. Magnetic resonance images were reviewed to detect any degradation of image quality.

Results:

A total of 323 patients who had an implantable Doppler device placed were reviewed 18 (5.6%) patients were identified with a retained probe and were included in this study. Mean age was 49 years with mean follow-up of 34.4 months. One potential device-related complication occurred in 1 (5.6%) patient. A total of 32 MRI scans were performed in 8 patients with retained devices, including 6 patients who underwent a total of 21 MRIs of the surgical site. There were no complications related to the MRI scans, and we found no significant degradation of image quality.

Conclusion:

Retained implantable Doppler probes were not associated with substantial adverse clinical outcomes nor affected MRI image quality of the surgical site.
The Promise of Improved Adherence With Long-Acting Antiretroviral Therapy: What Are the Data?
Authors: Scarsi Kimberly K. , Swindells Susan
Published: April 2021

As with other chronic conditions, adherence to daily medications remains a challenge for many individuals living with HIV due to structural, behavioral, and social barriers. Unfortunately, high levels of adherence to antiretroviral therapy are required to maintain virologic suppression. Alternative approaches are being explored to decrease the burden of daily pill administration, including long-acting injectable, oral, and implantable products. Phase 3 data support the efficacy of nanoformulated injectable cabotegravir and rilpivirine for HIV treatment in patients with undetectable viremia, but we have yet to learn how this strategy may benefit those with medication adherence challenges. Despite this, the affected community and HIV providers are very interested in exploring the role of long-acting therapies to address some types of barriers to medication adherence. This review summarizes available information about the potential for long-acting therapy to improve adherence for some patients and outlines associated opportunities and challenges with the implementation of long-acting therapy for the treatment and prevention of HIV.
Integrating Distance Strategies to Meet the 2020 Summer Research Internship Competencies and Objectives
Authors: Cortes-Rodríguez Ada M , Inostroza-Nieves Yaritza , González Fernando , Maldonado Irvin , Estape Estela S
Published: April 2021

Knowledge of research skills such as information literacy, critical thinking, ability to ask questions, and evidence-based decisions are necessary for all medical students. They will use these skills for clinical decisions, translate research findings to clinical practice, and educate their patients. Research also plays an essential role in the selection process for many residency programs, and it has only become more critical over time. Therefore, research activities are a central component of medical schools’ curriculum throughout the 4 years. One of the research opportunities offered to medical students is their participation in a research summer internship. Nevertheless, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, summer 2020 was impacted by the rapid shut down of academic and research activities to minimize infection. In this article, the authors describe the methodology changes to maintain the summer research internship offering amongst the coronavirus pandemic compared to the previous 6 years (2014-2019). Students answered a survey to assess their insight regarding general aspects of the summer research internship, structure, mentorship, faculty, and research skills development. Overall, students had a positive perception of all the survey areas, especially in mentor performance and research skills development. In conclusion, the authors found 2 critical attitudes toward facing unexpected challenges, such as the impact of COVID-19. These are essential to open new opportunities for the future of medical education research: (1) assuming a fast, encouraging, and constant response from the academic leaders, and (2) facilitating the stakeholders’ interest, resilience, and commitment to help and support.
Balancing Agency with Structure: Institutional Entrepreneurship as an Embedded Discovery Process
Authors: Ng Desmond
Published: April 2021

While mainstream research has treated entrepreneurship as a highly individualised and agentic process, institutional researchers contend that entrepreneurship operates within a greater embedded setting. Various researchers have appealed to Giddens’ dual structure to explain an entrepreneur’s embedded-agency. According to Giddens’ dual structure, this embedded-agency consists of the rules or norms of a social group in which these rules constrain and enable an entrepreneur’s resources. Yet, despite Giddens’ contributions, Giddens is criticised for conflating the rules of this embedded setting with an entrepreneur’s resources in which neither affects the other in any significant way. By drawing on concepts of the Austrian entrepreneur and embeddedness, a theory of institutional entrepreneurship is developed to address this conflation problem. This institutional entrepreneurship offers an embedded-agency to explain how an entrepreneur can create, maintain and disrupt their embedded social settings. This embedded-agency addresses Giddens’ conflation problem and broadens the agent-centric focus of institutional entrepreneurship research.
Outcomes of Single Anastomoses for Superficial and Deep‐System Venous Drainage of Radial Forearm Free Flaps
Authors: Moreno Mauricio Alejandro , Small Luke T. , Gardner James Reed , Kim Alexandrea H. , Vural Emre , Sunde Jumin
Published: April 2021

Objective

Venous insufficiency occurs in radial forearm free flaps (RFFFs) when either the deep venous system (DVS) or superficial venous system (SVS) is used as the venous outlet. We report our experience using the antecubital perforating vein (APV) in a single‐vessel anastomosis to the median‐cubital or cephalic vein to drain both systems.

Study Design

Retrospective review.

Setting

Single, academic, tertiary care center.

Methods

Data were collected from 72 patients who underwent RFFF from October 2009 to January 2017. In all cases, DVS and SVS were dissected, and an APV single‐vessel anastomosis was attempted.

Results

Anatomical variations precluded single‐vessel anastomosis in 11 (15.3%) cases. In 61 (84.7%) cases, single‐vessel anastomosis produced unobstructed drainage for DVS and SVS without intrinsic venous insufficiency. Venous thrombosis and total loss occurred in 2 (3.3%) and 1 (1.6%) patients, respectively. Proximal dissection of the cephalic vein addressed a vessel‐depleted neck in 3 cases.

Conclusion

The antecubital perforating vein is present and functional in most patients, allowing for single anastomosis techniques for RFFF. Antecubital perforators capture DVS and SVS outflow through a single, extended venous pedicle, eliminating the risk of venous insufficiency and need for vein grafts.
Study on the simulation of annular axis braiding process and braiding angles’ prediction method
Authors: Wang Xi , Zhang Guoli , Shi Xiaoping , Zhang Ce
Published: April 2021

A common braiding machine cannot perform continuous braiding using closed annular axis mandrels. To solve this problem, a modified vertical braiding machine was made to braid composite preforms with irregular cross-section mandrels. The finite element method was used to simulate the braiding process, and an efficient method was also derived to predict the braiding angles. The results show that the predicted braiding angles are basically consistent with the actual braiding angles, and the braiding angles at distinctive locations on the braided preform recorded differences of up to 10° or more than 30%. Braiding process simulation via the finite element method can thus effectively and vividly reflect the yarn path on the preform. As such, the braiding angles on the braided preforms can be realized through projection and surface flattening with much better accuracy. It also resolves the difficult problem often faced in measuring the braiding angles at the corner of the mandrel and provides a solid basis for continued research on the performance of its composite reinforcement.