bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cenzura wobec tematu II wojny światowej w literaturze polskiej w latach 1944-1990. Stan badań i perspektywy badawcze
Authors: Budrowska Kamila
Published: December 2021

W artykule dokonuje się przeglądu stanu badań na temat cenzurowania w latach 1944-1990 literatury polskiej podejmującej tematykę II wojny światowej. Najważniejszym ustaleniem jest, że cenzura głęboko zmodyfikowała obraz II wojny światowej, eliminując niektóre tematy (relacje polsko-radzieckie, Holokaust), sposoby przedstawienia („nadmierny” pesymizm, naturalizm) oraz poszczególne teksty (niewydane do dziś, ale zachowane w archiwach). Autorka artykułu postuluje przygotowanie obszernej monografii poświęconej tej kwestii i uwzględniającej podziały chronologiczne, gatunkowe, tematyczne oraz opisującej różne instancje kontrolne. Proponuje także kilka ujęć metodologicznych, które mogłyby dać takim pracom nowy impuls: perspektywę totalitarną, transnarodową, postkolonialną oraz mniejszościową (minority narrative).
Klucz do domu, którego nie ma. "Czarny potok" Leopolda Buczkowskiego jako studium oikocydu
Authors: Koprowska Karolina
Published: December 2021

W artykule zanalizowano twórczość Leopolda Buczkowskiego, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem Czarnego potoku, z perspektywy kategorii miejsca urodzenia, określającej relację między jednostką a zbiorowością w ramach konkretnej konfiguracji kulturowo-społecznej. Analiza zmierza do ustalenia, jak miejsce urodzenia wpływa na sposób ujęcia doświadczenia Zagłady i wojny przez Buczkowskiego.
La cooperación entre cooperativas. Antecedentes y perspectivas jurídicas en Cuba
Authors: Rodríguez Musa Orestes , Hernández Aguilar Orisel , Rivera Gort Julio José
Published: December 2021

El principio de cooperación entre cooperativas no ha tenido el mismo grado de atención que otras temáticas en los estudios sobre el sector en Cuba. Este trabajo procura ponderar las oportunidades que ofrecen las regulaciones vigentes en el país desde 2019 para el desarrollo de las prácticas asociadas a esta directriz. Para ello se examina, en primer lugar, la dimensión jurídica del principio, partiendo de su contenido legal/abstracto hasta arribar a las formas concretas que adquiere en su desenvolvimiento. Seguidamente, se sistematizan algunas experiencias acontecidas en el país en distintos momentos y contextos del pasado reciente. Por último, se valoran las perspectivas que ofrece el ordenamiento jurídico vigente en la isla para desarrollar acciones de cooperación entre cooperativas.

Recibido: 30 mayo 2021Aceptado: 02 agosto 2021
The response to double-dose hepatitis B vaccination in patients with HIV
Authors: TURKEN Melda , TATLI KIŞ Tuba , ATALAY Sabri , KÖSE Şükran
Published: December 2021

Objectives: Prevention of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is necessary for patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), since co-infection is associated with increased in mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate response to double-dose HBV vaccine in patients with HIV.
Methods: A total of 149 patients with HIV were retrospectively evaluated. Sixty-eight patients who were HBV seronegative and administered double-dose HBV vaccine were included in the study. According to anti HBs levels, patients were evaluated in three groups: < 10 mIU/mL, 10-100 mIU/mL and ≥ 100 mIU/mL. Age, sex, transmission route, smoking, alcohol-substance abuse, comorbidities, CD4+ T cells counts and HIV viral load were compared in three groups.
Results: The rate of response to HBV vaccination (anti HBs ≥ 10 mIU/mL) was 69.1%. Age was statistically significantly higher in the anti HBs < 100 mIU/mL group than in the anti HBs >100 mIU/mL group. The level of anti HBs was statistically significantly lower in patients with a CD4+ T cell count < 200 cells/μL (< 100 mIU/mL).
Conclusions: The use of high-dose vaccine is a necessity as well as revaccination to improve vaccine immunogenicity in patients with HIV. In our study, low CD4+ T lymphocyte count and older age were found to have a negative effect on vaccine response.
Simetrijske grupe končnih vzorcev
Authors: Mencinger Matej
Published: December 2021

Končni vzorci so najprej definirani intuitivno, kasneje pa še eksaktno (matematično). Simetrije končnih vzorcev so definirane s pomočjo izometrij ravnine. Obravnavani so štirje osnovni razredi izometrij ravnine: zrcaljenje, rotacija, translacija ter drsno zrcaljenje. V klasifikacijskem izreku je dokazano, da vsaka izometrija spada v enega od osnovnih štirih razredov. Pri obravnavi vektorjev in matrik se omejimo na ravnino in trirazsežni vektorski prostor. Dokazano je, da izometrijam ravnine s fiksno točko pripadajo natanko ortogonalne matrike. V poglavju o grupah so obravnavani pojmi: (pod)grupa, red grupe, izomorfizem grup ter generatorji grupe. Glavni rezultat je klasifikacija simetrijskih grup končnih vzorcev v ciklične ali diedrske, kar danes imenujemo Leonardov izrek. Podano je tudi nekaj informacij o zgodovinski dobi, v kateri je deloval Leonardo da Vinci in nekaterih povezavah med njegovim delom in matematiko. Učbenik je namenjen študentom arhitekture in vsebuje številne primere, rešene naloge ter obsežno slikovno gradivo.
Rolnictwo w powiecie gubińskim w latach 1945–1949
Authors: Kurowska Hanna
Published: December 2021

Artykuł omawia trudne początki rozwoju gospodarczego wsi gubińskich w pierwszych powojennych latach. Nowi mieszkańcy tych terenów, zajmując poniemieckie gospodarstwa, musieli nawiązać sieć powiązań gospodarczych w powiecie. Rolnictwo, które w 1939 r. stanowiło niewielką część zajęć mieszkańców wsi, po wojnie było dominującym zajęciem. Stan zaludnienia wsi powiatu, akcja uwłaszczeniowa, stan inwentarza żywego i martwego oraz zagospodarowanie majątków junkierskich, tworzenie PGR-ów i ośrodków maszynowych powodowały stagnację. W latach 1945–1949 powiat gubiński był wyludniony, a wśród osiedleńców panowała bieda.
Nazwy miejscowe w strukturze inskrypcji nagrobnych na wiejskich nekropoliach historycznego Podola
Authors: Havryliuk Olena
Published: December 2021

Przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu są nazwy miejscowe w inskrypcjach nagrobnych, które zachowały się na wiejskich cmentarzach katolickich historycznego Podola. Celem jest ich analiza przez pryzmat klasyfikacji zaproponowanej przez Kazimierza Długosza. Inskrypcje nagrobne, traktowane jako „teksty kultury”, ukazują relacje społeczne dawnego Podola jako terenu pogranicza, kwestie tożsamościowe, a także przemiany kulturowe i gospodarcze.
Engaging Love, Divinity, and Philosophy: Pragmatism, Personification, and Autoethnographic Motifs in the Humanist Poetics of Brunetto Latini, Dante Alighieri, and Giovanni Boccaccio
Authors: Prus Robert
Published: December 2021

Although the works of three early Italian Renaissance poets, Brunetto Latini (1220-1294), Dante Alighieri (1265-1321), and Giovanni Boccaccio (1313-1375), may seem far removed from the social science ventures of the 21st century, these three Italian authors provide some exceptionally valuable materials for scholars interested in the study of human knowing and acting. As central participants in the 13th-14th century “humanist movement” (in which classical Greek and Latin scholarship were given priority in matters of intellectual development), Brunetto Latini, Dante Alighieri, and Giovanni Boccaccio helped sustain an analytic focus on human lived experience. Most of the materials addressed here are extensively fictionalized, but our interests are in the sociological insights that these authors achieve, both in their accounts of the characters and interchanges portrayed in their texts and in their modes of presentation as authors. Although lacking the more comprehensive aspects of Chicago-style symbolic interactionist (Mead 1934; Blumer 1969) theory and research, these early Renaissance texts are remarkably self-reflective in composition. Thus, these statements provide us with valuable insights into the life-worlds of (a) those of whom the authors speak, (b) those to whom the authors address their works, and (c) the authors themselves as people involved in generating aspects of popular culture through their poetic endeavors. More specifically, these writers enable us to appreciate aspects of pragmatist emphases on human knowing and acting through their attentiveness to people’s perspectives, speech, deliberation, action, and interaction. In addressing affective relationships, introducing generic standpoints, and considering morality as community matters, these materials offer contemporary scholars in the social sciences some particularly instructive transhistorical and transcultural comparative and conceptual reference points. Inspired by the remarkable contributions of the three 13th-14th century Italian poets and some 12th- 13th century French predecessors, the Epilogue direct specific attention to the ways in which authors might engage poetic productions as “producers” and “analysts” of fictionalized entertainment.
Análisis de ciclo de vida y la huella de carbono en el proceso de fabricación de pantalón de mezclilla. Caso estudio plantas productoras Región Sur, Hidalgo, México
Authors: Sánchez-Trujillo Magda Gabriela , Resendíz Vega Marisol
Published: December 2021

El cambio climático se presenta como uno de los grandes retos del siglo XXI. Ser capaces de medir sus avances, retrocesos y oportunidades es clave para poder generar estrategias efectivas en las organizaciones. La Huella de Carbono es un indicador capaz de aportar esta información. Su cuantificación permite el cálculo de las emisiones directas e indirectas de gases de efecto invernadero. Es por ello que este artículo se le puede reconocer un carácter estratégico, cuyo contenido no pretende ahondar en los conceptos teóricos sino dar las pautas prácticas necesarias para que una empresa sea capaz de justificar, iniciar e interpretar proyectos de cálculo y gestión de la Huella de Carbono en organizaciones y productos. Los resultados aportan la semilla necesaria para que toda actividad empresarial pueda tener su evaluación ambiental relativa a las emisiones de gases del efecto invernadero

Palabras clave: Huella de carbono, análisis de ciclo de vida, medioambiente.
Códigos JEL: Q51, Q53, Q56
Recibido: 28/05/2020. Aceptado: 03/11/2020.  Publicado: 01/12/2020
Structuring and creating alternatives for the eggplant loss problem using the value-focused thinking methodology
Authors: Larreta Ramírez Elsa Verónica , Gastelum Chavira Diego Alonso , Leyva López Juan Carlos , Ahumada Valenzuela Omar
Published: December 2021

The eggplant is a short shelf-life vegetable whose export in Mexico generates significant incomes for horticultural companies. However, when the market’s price is down, or its quality does not fulfill the market’s requirements, eggplant is not exported, and demand is low in the domestic market. This situation generates financial problems for companies, unemployment for people, and environmental problems, among others. To reduce eggplant loss is necessary to understand the elements around the issue, structure the problem, and generate solution alternatives. In this work, the Value-Focused Thinking (VFT) methodology was applied in a horticultural farm in Sinaloa, Mexico, to obtain values from a decision-maker to structure the eggplant loss problem, objectives of the farm and generate solution alternatives. This article presents a structured problem about eggplant loss, which includes one strategic objective, five fundamental objectives, and nine means-ends objectives as well as twenty-seven solution alternatives such as applying protected agriculture technology, selling waste as food for livestock and designing a new product based on eggplant. Through the results of the application of VFT methodology, the decision-maker had a better understanding of the eggplant loss problem and its value, which is going to be reflected in benefits for the horticultural farm. Keywords: Eggplant loss, problem structuring, creating alternatives, value-focused thinking. JEL classification: D46, D81 Received: 10/06/2020. Accepted: 06/11/2020.  Published: 01/12/2020
Espacio de productos orgánicos frescos en cadenas de supermercado: un análisis exploratorio
Authors: López-Barraza Lydia María , Olazabal-Lugo Maricruz
Published: December 2021

Las cadenas de supermercado se han transformado para atender las demandas de sus clientes, a través de la implementación de estrategias mercadológicas diversas como la organización del espacio para disminuir los tiempos de compra y la diversificación de productos ampliando la posibilidad de elección. Es entonces que la organización de los anaqueles se ha convertido en un tema de constante análisis al incidir en los productos a ofertar como su ubicación en el establecimiento. Por lo tanto, el presente estudio se centra en los espacios físicos de tres cadenas de supermercado, donde se observaron elementos referentes con la comercialización (merchandising), acomodo (layout) y el consumidor, de productos orgánicos frescos (frutas y vegetales) por su potencial de compra creciente. La investigación, a través de la observación directa, permitió concluir como la ubicación de los artículos analizados incide en la motivación para su adquisición. Palabras clave: comercialización, acomodo, consumidor, tiendas de autoservicio, productos orgánicos Códigos JEL: L11, L22, L81, M21, M31.   Recibidio: 06/06/2019.  Aceptado: 25/06/2020.  Publicado: 30/06/2020.
Toma de decisiones empresariales a través de la media ordenada ponderada
Authors: Baez-Palencia Diego , Olazabal-Lugo Maricruz , Romero-Muñoz Jorge
Published: December 2021

Este documento aborda, mediante una revisión teórica de trabajos de investigación, la evolución de la toma de decisiones en la empresa. Para esto, se muestra un repaso de los elementos seminales que dieron pie al desarrollo de esta área, particularmente, bajo entornos de incertidumbre. A tal efecto, se incluyen trabajos de variados enfoques metodológicos, de tipo difuso, hasta llegar al abordaje inicial de la media ponderada ordenada (OWA). Siendo este último un tratamiento de flexible y diversa aplicación, conlleva esto a una descripción de un conjunto de sus extensiones usadas ampliamente en la literatura. Por último, se detallan algunas investigaciones en el ámbito de aplicación del OWA, con sus resultados en el ámbito empresarial, que dan cuenta de la relevancia que toma este operador, y el abanico que se abre para el crecimiento de su estudio.

Palabras clave: Toma de decisiones, Entornos inciertos, Lógica difusa, Media ponderada ordenada, Operador OWA

Códigos JEL: D81, C02, C65

Recibido: 28/07/2019. Aceptado: 22/04/2020.  Publicado: 24/05/2020
A digitális oktatás próbatétele halmozottan hátrányos helyzetű tanulók körében
Authors: Huszti Elek
Published: December 2021

A tanulmány az Észak-Alföld egyik településén kutatta az ott élő halmozottan hátrányos helyzetű általános és középiskolás diákok csatlakozásának sikerességét a digitális tantermen kívüli oktatáshoz. A magyar oktatás jellemzője az egyenlőtlenség és a szelektivitás, mely jelenségek a digitális oktatás alatt is megfigyelhetővé váltak. A 216 diákot érintő kérdőíves felmérés a tanulók szemszögéből tárta fel a digitális oktatás megvalósulásának jellemzőit, a tanulás módszereit, a kapcsolattartás, a segítségnyújtás, az értékelés formáit, a diákok által tapasztalt előnyeit, hátrányait, a tanulók tudására, digitális kompetenciájára tett hatását, az infrastrukturális feltételek teljesülését, a használt digitális platformokat. A kutatás eredményei megmutatják mennyivel kevésbé hatékonyan tudták kivenni részüket a halmozottan hátrányos helyzetű tanulók ebből az új oktatási formából.
Successful Treatment by Mistletoe Viscum Album Extract of a Patient with Recurrent Triple Negative Breast Cancer who declined Chemotherapy
Authors: Mark J Hancock
Published: December 2021

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer with a high incidence of recurrence and poor prognosis even with the full spectrum of standard oncology treatments. Ever since its introduction about 100 years ago for cancer therapy, mistletoe viscum album extract (VAE) has been widely used in Europe as a popular complementary therapy for many cancers. We present a case of a patient diagnosed with stage 3c (T3N3bM0(i+)) TNBC who declined chemotherapy after a recurrence 2 years later. The patient received subcutaneous, intratumoral as well as intravenous VAE therapy for her recurrence. Her breast masses and lymph node sizes dramatically decreased under ultrasound examination within 2 months. After nearly three years since the tumor resolution, she is currently being managed on weekly subcutaneous VAE as well as intravenous VAE once in 6-8 weeks. She has excellent quality of life, no sign of tumor recurrence or other adverse side effects from her treatments. Though we believe the best outcomes in oncology are by integrating complementary and conventional care together, this case shows that VAE can have standalone effectiveness at least in some cases. Use of VAE to augment conventional treatments should be considered to bolster breast cancer care.
The Dark Tetrad and aesthetic preferences: The role of the dark side of personality in the aesthetic preference for paintings
Authors: Tucaković Lana , Marković Slobodan
Published: December 2021

The role of so-called normal and dark personality traits in everyday preferences, interests, and choices is visible in different domains of life. However, a small number of studies have dealt with individual differences in dark personality traits and aesthetic preferences. The domain of dark personality traits is in recent studies generally conceptualized as the Dark Tetrad — comprised of Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, and sadism. Thus, the aim of this research was to examine the relationship between the Dark Tetrad and visual aesthetic preferences. The sample consisted of 170 participants (Mage = 29.09, SDage = 10.66; 77.1 % females). Participants completed the Short Dark Triad and the Varieties of Sadistic Tendencies questionnaires, and also rated their familiarity and preference for 15 paintings with five different types of motives (religious, abstract, oriental, violence, and landscape). It was shown, based on looking at zero-order correlations that only narcissism positively correlates with the preference for paintings with violent motives. Also, a series of regression analyses were performed, which showed that the only significant regression model is the one that reflects the role of reduced psychopathy in the preference for religious motives. The first finding can be explained on the basis of stable findings on the relationship between narcissism and aggression, and also narcissism and violence. The second finding can be interpreted in the context that general religiosity has previously been shown to be negatively associated with psychopathy. It can be concluded that dark personality traits are one of the factors that affect aesthetic preferences.
NILAI-NILAI DAKWAH DALAM FILM ANIMASI ADIT SOPO JARWO EPISODE 61-63 (Analisis Semiotika Roland Barthes) Institut Agama Islam Negeri Madura
Authors: Fitriyah Anik
Published: December 2021

Dakwah selama ini diidentikan dengan ceramah melalui media lisan (dakwah bil lisan) dan (dakwah bil hal) Namun demikian, seiring perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi, media teknologi seperti film segera menggesernya. Film sebagai salah satu fungsi edukasi, pada awalnya film digunakan sebagai bentuk komunikasi persuasif untuk mempengaruhi penonton atau penikmat film. Namun saat ini film juga digunakan sebagai media dakwah yang sarat akan nilai-nilai dakwah, guna menyebar luaskan ajaran agama Islam, seperti salah satu Film animasi karya anak bangsa “Adit, Sopo Jarwo”.Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka ada dua permasalahan yang menjadi pokok dalam penelitian ini, yaitu: pertama, apa saja nilai-nilai dakwah yang terkandung dalam film animasi Adit, Sopo Jarwo; kedua, bagaimana hasil analisis semiotika Roland Barthes tyterhadap film anmimasi Adit, Sopo Jarwo.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan jenis analisis deskriptif. Penelitian ini menggunakan model analisis semiotika Roland Barthes yang dikenal dengan istilah “two order of signification”. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis dokumen. Teknik Analisis data dilakukan dengan tahapan, (1) Deskripsi, (2) Identifikasi, dan (3) Tiga tahap analisis semiotik Roland Barthes yaitu, denotasi, konotasi, dan mitos. . Sumber data diperoleh dari dokumen, jurnal, transkip, buku, surat kabar, majalah, karya tulis ilmiah, (KTI).Hasil penelitian meunjukkan bahwa pertama, film ini mengandung nilai-nilai dakwah seperti aqidah, syariah dan muamalah serta akhlakul karimah. Kedua, Hasil semiotika Roland Barthes terhadap film animasi Adit, Sopo Jarwo menunjukkan bahwa Semiotika Roland Barthes adalah model analisis yang komprehensif, dengan 2 tanda yakni signifier dan signified dalam teori ini juga memepermudah untuk memetakkan dan menafsirkan setiap makna denotasi dan konotasi yang terkandung serta mitos yang berhubungan dengan scene di dalam film animasi Adit, Sopo Jarwo di episode 61-63.
STRATEGI DAKWAH USTADZ ACHMAD NASIRUDDIN ARIF DALAM MENSYIARKAN AJARAN THORIQOH NAQSYABANDIYAH KHOLIDIYAH MUJADDIDIYAH KEPADA GENERASI MUDA DI KOTA SURABAYA
Authors: Luluk Luluk Kholiqoh
Published: December 2021

Dakwah merupakan upaya atau usaha seseorang untuk mengajak orang lain dalam amar ma’ruf nahi munkar, agar mendapat kebahagiaan di dunia dan di akhirat. Tujuan dakwah adalah untuk membentuk pribadi yang lebih baik dan memiliki iman yang kuat, memahami syariat agama Islam serta mengimplementasikan dalam kehidupan sehati-hari. Untuk mengidentifikasi masalah tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah 1) strategi yang digunakan Ustadz Achmad Nasiruddin Arif dalam berdakwah meliputi : a) memahami khalayak yaitu seorang da’i melihat terlebih dahulu latar belakang kehidupan mad’u. b) merencanakan pesan, yaitu pesan yang disampaikan da’i sesuai dengan pemahaman mad’u mengenai agama Islam. c) menetapkan metode, dan metode yang digunakan adalah dakwah Bil Hal (dakwah melalui tindakan), Bil Lisan (dakwah melalui ucapan), dialog interaktif, diskusi atau kajian. 2) Faktor Pendukung dan Penghambat Aktivitas Dakwah Ustadz Achmad Nasiruddin Arif adalah a) faktor pendukung: penampilan da’i yang menyesuaikan anak muda, terlaksananya kegiatan-kegiatan dalam Thoriqoh. b) faktor penghambat: kurangnya sosialisasi dan dengan masyarakat sekitar, belum ada pondok pesantren untuk para jamaah. 3) ajaran Thoriqoh Naqsyabandiyah Kholidiyah Mujaddidiyah, yang di ajarkan thoriqon ini adalah suluk, Ilmu Tasawuf, Ilmu Tauhid, dan Ilmu Fiqih.
Nilai Sosial Dalam Al-Qur'an (Perspektif M. Quraish Shihab Surah Al-Hujurat Ayat 9-13)
Authors: Abd Hamid Ach. Iqbal Hamdany
Published: December 2021

Abstrak

Al-Qur’an sebagai kitab suci yang menyeluruh berlaku untuk setiap ruang dan waktu yang dianugerahkan Allah SWT, kepada umat manusia. Di dalamnya mengandung banyak nilai dan pesan yang sangat luas tentang perilaku sosial. Problem-problem yang terjadi di tengah kehidupan sosial tentu tidak akan ada habisnya. Untuk itu Al-Qur’an hadir sebagai solusi yang terbaik dengan memberikan pedoman hidup serta petunjuk mengenai perilaku sosial. Penelitian ini mengungkap nilai sosial yang terdapat dalam QS. Al-H{ujura>t ayat 9-13 dan  Bagaimana relevansi nilai sosial dalam QS. Al-H{ujura>t ayat 9-13 dengan kehidupan sekarang. Adapun pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian kepustakaan (library research). Adapun sumber data primernya adalah Tafsif Al-Misbah. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat di simpulkan bahwa nilai sosial yang terdapat dalam surah Al-H{ujura>t ayat 9-13 yakni menyuruh umat manusia untuk menciptakan persaudaraan, perdamaian, keadilan, persatuan umat dan sikap saling menghormati serta melarang semua perbuatan yang dapat menimbulkan pertikaian maupun perpecahan yang dapat merusak tatanan hubungan antar sesama manusia dalam masyarakat.

Kata Kunci : Nilai, Sosial, Al-H{ujura>t, M. Quraish Shihab
BELENGGU RASIONALITAS DALAM TAFSĪR BI AL-MA’THŪR
Authors: Ghozali Mahbub
Published: December 2021

The Interpretation with transmitted text (riwāyah) which uses to get meaning far away from the influence of ratio (al-ra'y) still cannot occur. Various different narrations for interpreting the same verse in the exegesis via narration (al-tafsīr bi al-ma'thūr) can be evidence of the use of ijtihad in that interpretation model. In this context, this study aims to find evidence and reconceptualize the terms to prove the existence ratio on exegesis via narration. This study uses a qualitative method with the type of study that uses literature research and uses content analysis as an analytical tool. This study finds that the interpreters in the category of exegesis via narration used ratio in the form of transmitted text selection to strengthen the meaning desired. The unawareness of the existence of rationality in the exegesis via narration is caused by the confusion of the terms used which are borrowed from the term of hadith study (muṣṭalah al-ḥadīth). Based on this, this study proposes to redefine that term to illustrate that dichotomy does not refer to the use of transmitted text or ratios in interpretation, but that dichotomy occurs from the proximity of the resulting message to the literal meaning content in interpretation.
STUDI MAQĀSHID AL-QUR’ĀN SIKLUS PERJALANAN HIDUP MANUSIA DALAM AL-QUR’AN
Authors: Ikmal  , Muttaqin Khairul
Published: December 2021

Maqāshid al-Qur’ān is an approach of interpretation study. This approach was developed to give a new viewpoint for mufassir to have more comprehensive understanding of the Qur'an contextually, as of it contributes much to life. Based on this, the aims of this article is to apply the concept of Maqāshid al-Qur'ān which was initiated by Imam Muammad al-Thāhir ibn 'Āsyūr in the verses of the human life cycle. The application of Maqāshid al-Qur’ān will reveal the meaning and moral message behind the verse with covering two issues, first is the cycle and phase of human life in the Qur'an, and second is the interpretation and moral message of the verse about the cycle of human life. This research was a library research with descriptive analysis method using the Maqāshid al-Qur'ān approach by Muhammad al-Thāhir ibn 'Āsyūr version. The results of the study showed that: first, the cycle and phase of the human life take place in five phases of life, there are the realm of the spirit, the realm of the womb, nature, the world, the grave, and the afterlife. Second, the result of the interpretation and moral message of the verse of the human life cycle is about the miracle of humans to have the right belief, akhlaq, ethics and good morals, and explaining the miracles of the Qur'an. The lessons for muslim is also discussed.
CAPACIDADE DE AUTODEPURAÇÃO DE CORPOS D’ÁGUA URBANOS EM SITUAÇÕES DE VAZÕES CRÍTICAS: O CASO DO CÓRREGO PERNADA, PARAÍSO DO TOCANTINS – TO.
Authors: Benevides Almeida Rejane Freitas , Almeida Ítalo Wanderley , Maciel Girlene Figueiredo
Published: December 2021

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a capacidade de autodepuração do Córrego Pernada, localizado no município de Paraíso do Tocantins – TO, em situações de vazão crítica. Para tanto, inicialmente, foi realizado um levantamento dos principais usos desenvolvidos ao longo do curso d’água, sendo observado que o lançamento de efluentes tratados pela Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto (ETE) seria o uso com o maior potencial para o comprometimento de sua capacidade de autodepuração. O passo seguinte foi a realização de medições de vazão a montante do lançamento de efluentes no período de maio a outubro de 2015 com o intuito de identificar a vazãocrítica do curso d’água. Por fim, aplicou-se o modelo matemático de Streeter-Phelps, sendo observado prejuízos na capacidade de autodepuração do córrego no período de vazão crítica, o qual apresentou resultados em desacordo com a legislação para o parâmetro DBO5.
PANORAMA DA RECICLAGEM NO BRASIL: PERSPECTIVAS SOCIOECONÔMICAS E AMBIENTAIS
Authors: Pacheco Laís Dos Santos , Nascimento Daniella Aurora do , Alves Kerley Dos Santos , Guarda Vera Lúcia de Miranda
Published: December 2021

Desde a aprovação da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS), em 2010, esperava-se que o Brasil obtivesse avanços significativos em relação à gestão integrada de resíduos. A PNRS prevê ações que englobam a geração, o tratamento ea disposição final destes, sendo parte do processo a implementação da reciclagem no país. Nesse contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o panorama da reciclagem no Brasil sob enfoque socioeconômico e ambiental. Para responder ao problema de pesquisa, foi realizado um estudo bibliográfico em bases de dados nacionais. Após uma seleção inicial, o total de 25 artigos, publicados entre 2010 e 2020, foi analisado mais detalhadamente. Constatou-se que a maioria das publicações analisadas se concentrou no eixo Social, além de grande parte expor as maiores dificuldades enfrentadas nacionalmente para a implementação das diretrizes dispostasna PNRS. Apesar dos inúmeros benefícios que pode gerar nos âmbitos social, econômico e ambiental, a reciclagem ainda representa uma atividade com potencial não explorado no Brasil, enfrentando diversos gargalos para sua completa implementação. Por isso, reconhecer os principais atores que atuam na cadeia da reciclagem, investir nas cooperativas, incentivar a educação ambiental da população e fazer valer as orientações da PNRS são ações capazes de impulsionar o país para o caminho de uma gestão mais integrada e sustentável.
DELIMITAÇÃO DOS ÍNDICES DE FRAGILIDADE AMBIENTAL DO MUNICÍPIO DE SÃO LOURENÇO DO SUL/RS: SUBSÍDIO PARA O PLANEJAMENTO E GESTÃO AMBIENTAL
Authors: Dors Gisanara , Leandro Diuliana , Cecconello Samanta Tolentino , Castro Andréa Souza , Nadaleti Willian Cezar , Huinca Suelen Cristina Movio
Published: December 2021

A conciliação entre o meio ambiente e o desenvolvimento das atividades antrópicas constitui um desafio para a gestão e planejamento dos recursos naturais, visto que o uso indevido do solo pode ocasionar danos significativos à sociedade. Os estudos de fragilidade ambiental buscam auxiliar neste planejamento e gestão visando garantir a sustentabilidade do ambiente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi mapear a fragilidade ambiental do município de São Lourenço do Sul, aplicando técnicas de Sistemas de Informação Geográfica, que possibilitam a avaliação das potencialidades do meio ambiente de forma integrada, compatibilizando suas características naturais com suas restrições. Para a confecção dos mapas temáticos de índice de fragilidade ambiental foi aplicado o modelo Índice de Fragilidade Ambiental que utilizou como critérios: a declividade do terreno, tipo de solo, litologia, clima, mata ciliar, ocupação humana, cobertura vegetal e o uso do solo. O modelo se mostrou eficaz e identificou que os índices de fragilidade Muito Alto, Alto e Médio, representaram 30,3%, 67,1% e 2,6%, respectivamente, da área total do município. O índice de fragilidade Muito Alto está associado às áreas de planícies fluviais. Por outro lado o índice de fragilidade Alto está relacionado principalmente à cobertura vegetal, o uso do solo e a extensa malha hidrográfica do município.
Postawy motywacyjne polskich podatników wobec płacenia podatków
Authors: Lotko Ewa
Published: December 2021

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza postaw motywacyjnych podatników wobec płacenia podatków. Zakładając, że postawy motywacyjne ściśle łączą się z reakcją podatnika na podatek, przyjęty problem badawczy sprowadza się do odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy postawy motywacyjne wpływają na akceptację uchylania się od opodatkowania. Mając na uwadze interdyscyplinarny charakter powziętych badań oraz realizację celu badawczego, zdecydowano się na przeprowadzenie trzech rodzajów badań: ilościowych (za pomocą ankiety internetowej), wtórnych (polegających na analizie opisanych w literaturze wyników badań) oraz jakościowych — wywiadów. Przeprowadzony rekonesans pozwolił ustalić, iż dominującymi postawami podatników są te, które odpowiadają wymuszonemu podejściu do płacenia podatków, a mianowicie postawy oporu, kontestacji i gry. Uzyskane wyniki potwierdzają zależność między sprawiedliwością podatków, ich wysokością, zachowaniem innych podatników, zaufaniem instytucjonalnym, relacją między podatnikiem i organem administracji skarbowej a akceptacją uchylania się od opodatkowania.
Wydanie uprzedniego porozumienia cenowego po wprowadzeniu zmian ustawowych. Wniosek o wydanie uprzedniego porozumienia cenowego
Authors: Kopyściański Marek
Published: December 2021

Postępowanie w sprawie wydania uprzedniego porozumienia cenowego wymaga inicjatywy ze strony podatnika. Jest ono przeprowadzane wyłącznie na wniosek zainteresowanego podmiotu. Przepisy ustawy o rozstrzyganiu sporów dotyczących podwójnego opodatkowania oraz zawieraniu uprzednich porozumień cenowych określają zawartość wniosku o wydanie uprzedniego porozumienia cenowego. Zakres informacji dotyczących wnioskodawcy i pozostałych podmiotów powiązanych uczestniczących w dokonaniu transakcji kontrolowanej obejmuje szereg kluczowych kwestii. Ich analiza umożliwia ewentualne zawarcie uprzedniego porozumienia cenowego. Informacje te podzielone są na dwie zasadnicze grupy. Pierwsza dotyczy wnioskodawcy i pozostałych podmiotów powiązanych, uczestniczących w dokonaniu transakcji kontrolowanej. Do drugiej grupy informacji należą uwagi dotyczące transakcji kontrolowanej objętej wnioskiem.
Telefoniczne załatwienie sprawy administracyjnej
Authors: Strzępek Łukasz
Published: December 2021

Możliwość telefonicznego załatwienia sprawy administracyjnej jest istotną nowością wśród przyjętych rozwiązań dotyczących procedury administracyjnej. Ustawodawca uznał tę kwestię za szczególnie istotną, opisując taką możliwość wśród zasad ogólnych k.p.a. W praktyce mogą się jednak pojawić problemy z zastosowaniem tego przepisu, zwłaszcza odnośnie do jego hipotezy, a także dokumentowania aktywności organu w tym zakresie. Niniejsze opracowanie jest zasygnalizowaniem najistotniejszych problemów, a zarazem wskazuje możliwości ich rozwiązania, jako przyczynek do dyskusji.
What works in helping people and why?
Authors: Forrester Donald
Published: December 2021

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the most rigorous test of effectiveness for any intervention. This article considers RCTs as policy projects, and outlines the key elements of effective delivery of interventions within an RCT. It is argued that conceptualizing RCTs as practice delivery projects provides insights of relevance for effective leadership in social work or other helping professions. Three elements of effective RCT delivery are suggested to be crucial: (a) a theory about the nature of the issues being worked with and how people can be helped by professionals; (b) a detailed description of practice that flows from this and (c) skills development and monitoring methods for ensuring practitioners are delivering practice in this way. These are argued to be key components required for effective leadership in social work. Finally, it is suggested that while there is increasing focus on the common elements within specific interventions there has been a neglect of the common features associated with their delivery. Attention to these might help explain the ‘Dodo bird effect’, in which different interventions often prove to be equally effective, and thereby enrich our appreciation of what works, for whom and why.
Holy Grand Duke Alexander Nevsky – “who tamed barbarism in the East, who brought down envy in the West”
Authors: Vasnev Sergey I.
Published: December 2021

A comprehensive analysis of the spiritual and moral qualities of the holy blessed Grand Duke Alexander Nevsky, who is rightfully one of the most outstanding personalities in the history of the Russian State and the Russian Orthodox Church, is carried out. Based on the biographical data of the prince, the unique combination of the wisdom of a statesman with personal righteousness is emphasized. Duke Alexander refused to both letters from the Pope, who proposed organizing a mass conversion of Russians to Catholicism. His uncompromising position on the defense of Orthodoxy should be put on a par with military victories on the Neva and Lake Peipus. In relations with the Golden Horde, the prince chose the tactics of negotiations, which became fateful for the future history of Russia. Thus, for Alexander Nevsky, a new stage of service to the Fatherland began, no longer on the battlefield, but in the diplomatic field. It must be said that the Horde was an organized military force, but it was mainly concerned with collecting tribute from the Russians. The tactics chosen by the prince were completely justified, since the Horde khans had no religious goals and did not appoint governors in the occupied lands. With glorious military victories in the West and thoughtful behavior in the East, the holy noble Grand Duke Alexander Nevsky laid the foundation for the future development of the state, which preserved the Orthodox faith as the spiritual and moral support of the people, gradually gaining spiritual and military power, growing in the expanses of the Volga region, Ural, Siberia and became the largest and most powerful power in the world.
Forestry of landlords of Tambov Governorate in the late 19th – early 20th century
Authors: Zhitin Ruslan M. , Topilsky Aleksey G.
Published: December 2021

The features of forestry of the landowners of the Tambov Governorate at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries are analyzed. The key factors of natural (forest cover of the area), economic (first of all, the construction of railways, changes in demand for timber) and social (the need to protect plantations from the surrounding peasant population) character that influenced forestry are shown. The main ways of development are indicated, due to both economic opportunities and the desire (or unwillingness) of landowners to equip their forest lands. The methods of forestry in the northern, central and southern districts of the Tambov Governorate are analyzed, the different degree of forest cover of which was reflected in the value of forest materials for local residents. Methods of combining forestry with other types of management, in particular, grazing, which were practiced mainly in the northern districts of the Tambov Governorate, where there was an excess of forest resources, are described. The reasons for the clear-cutting of forests practiced by a number of owners, which led to serious environmental changes, are indicated. The characteristics of various types of rational nature management in forestry are given on the materials of individual estates, to which more and more landowners have turned. We describe the reasons for the development of a thrifty attitude to forest resources.
The technology of military-patriotic education of military personnel of the National Guard troops during the development of moral values system in units
Authors: Pavlov Ivan I.
Published: December 2021

The work reflects the urgency of the problem of military-patriotic education in the troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation, reveals the need to develop a technology of military-patriotic education of military personnel during the development of moral values system in units, which is confirmed by the creation of the Coordinating Council for Military-Patriotic Education of the Federal National Guard Service of the Russian Federation under the Director of the Federal National Guard Service of the Russian Federation – Commander-in-Chief of the National Guard of the Russian Federation V.V. Zolotov. The subject of the work is the pedagogical conditions of the proposed technology of military-patriotic education of military personnel. The study of the essence of technologies for the development of patriotic qualities makes it necessary to identify the nature of their real implementation, to determine what is characteristic of this process. The chosen method makes it possible to achieve the goal. The obtained results may be applied both in the National Guard troops and in other military formations. The main causes and disadvantages of military-patriotic education of the military personnel of the National Guard troops are analyzed, as a result of which it can be concluded that there is insufficient theoretical, methodological and methodological justification, the lack of an optimal planning system and practice of conducting special classes with military educators from the leading problems of military-patriotic education, the lack of creative tasks and creative orientation of military-patriotic education, insufficiently effective organization and conduct of military-patriotic education events, weak implementation of educational functions of the military-social environment and the life of personnel, once again emphasizes the relevance of the work.
Case method in the students’ university foreign language education
Authors: Danilin Roman A.
Published: December 2021

The case method is one of the methods of problem learning, which allows, based on the description of the problem, to organize the learning process in order to develop a number of universal skills and foreign language speech skills of students. The history of the case method, the typology of cases, the didactic and linguodidactic potential of the case method are described. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, we distinguish the following typological features: a) the complexity of the case; b) the purpose and objectives of the case; c) the degree of structuredness; d) the volume of the case; e) the presence of the plot; f) temporary space; g) subjectivity; h) dominant type of activity; i) subject-content area; j) the number of participants; k) language of the project. The work describes in detail the types of cases for each type. The case method has a didactic potential, allowing to develop analytical skills, critical thinking, professional creative thinking, practical skills, communication skills, social and reflexive skills. When teaching a foreign language on the basis of foreign language cases of a general cultural or professionally oriented direction, students will be able to develop productive (speaking and writing) and receptive (listening and reading) types of speech activity. A nomenclature of speech skills developed in the process of using the case method for each type of speech activity is presented.
Comment les économistes dominants expliquent le chômage
Authors: Husson Michel
Published: December 2021

Les économistes dominants ont cherché, au fil du temps, à expliquer et à justifier l’existence du chômage. Cet article vise à clarifier les principales propositions théoriques avancées par le courant dominant, en commençant par le débat entre Pigou et Keynes sur la possibilité d’un chômage involontaire. La discussion porte ensuite sur la relation entre le chômage et l’inflation, et sur la reformulation de l’idée d'un taux de chômage naturel. L’analyse souligne ensuite l’importance du taux de chômage pour définir la politique macroéconomique, en expliquant le dilemme entre la garantie de la stabilité monétaire et la promotion du plein emploi.
Beginning of Contemplation in Sight of St. John of the Cross and Ala Al-Dawla Semnani
Authors: Jafari Abdolkhalegh
Published: December 2021

Contemplation is a central topic in the gnostic customs of Christianity and Islam. Christian and Islamic mystics, however, dissent on whether or not contemplation is a kind of position or an emotional mood. St. John of the Cross and Ala Al-Dawla Semnani are among the mystics of Christianity and Islam who have talked on contemplation, and comparison of views of these two can bring new sights on the subject. According to Ala Al-Dawla Semnani, disciples must strive to reach gnostic excellence by praising verbally and heartily. That is, the disciple must schedule praising around the clock and give all his or her attention to the God and heartily pray for the gloriousness of the exalted God. According to John of the Cross, however, one must keep going forward only and only by heeding the God without doing anything else. Both mystics have different views about how to enter the course of contemplation. Ala Al-Dawla Semnani has covered this topic by outlining more features and in a more transparent manner. But according to John of the Cross, entry to a course of contemplation is a vague experience of the God that we receive passively not as a result of our efforts.
Expert system for hydroacoustic classification
Authors: Koval'chuk K.V. , Didkovskij V.S. , Prodeus A.N. , Faleev I.M.
Published: December 2021

The expediency of application of expert systems at hydroacoustic classification is analised. Description of the expert system algorithm based on usage of bayes strategy elements is made
Coding as a steganographic concealment tool information exchange
Authors: Savchenko YU.G.
Published: December 2021

The method of the hidden channel for datatransmission organization is observed in thiswork. This method is based on the use of correction codes with the content bits modificationby menace of channel interferences imitation. Itis provided the analyses of the information exchange organization and also examples of correction codes use are given
The PA-X Peace Agreement Database: reflections on documenting the practice of peacemaking
Authors: Badanjak S.
Published: December 2021

Since its first release in the form of the PA-X Peace Agreements Database, the initial project undertaken by the University of Edinburgh’s Political Settlements Research Programme has seen four more data releases. Multiple data and visualisation projects stemmed from PA-X. The article provides an update to the initial introduction to the PA-X data and discusses the key lessons learned from the processes of data collection, analysis, and visualisation. This assessment is undertaken in two key areas: first, with regard to the process of “building” a dataset and database; second, with regard to the substantive findings and trends gleaned from the PA-X data on peace agreements and peace processes. The place and impact of this database in the context of peace and conflict studies are also assessed. Data resources pertaining to this field of inquiry are explored, with the focus on the ways in which the PA-X data can be used in conjunction with other datasets on peace and conflict. Finally, the future development of PA-X is addressed. It is argued that keeping up with the direction of the research literature in the field requires that the data on peace processes and peace agreement are better disaggregated, in terms of actors and groups signing deals, and in terms of spatial and temporal coverage of the signed peace deals.