bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intracranial non-germinomatous germ cell tumors in children and adolescents: how can the experience from an uppermiddle-income country contribute to the worldwide effort to improve outcomes?
Authors: Cappellano Andrea M. , Dassi Natalia , Mançano Bruna M. , Epelman Sidnei , Almeida Daniela B. , Cavalheiro Sergio , Dastoli Patricia A. , Alves Maria T. S. , Nicacio Jardel M. , Costa Marcos D. S. , Silva Frederico A. , Aguiar Simone S. , Figueiredo Maria L. , Chen Michael , Silva Nasjla S. , Finlay Jonathan L.
Published: March 2024

Background

Non-germinomatous germ cell tumors (NGGCT) accounts for one third of intracranial GCT. While the germinoma group have an excellent overall survival, the standard of practice for children with NGGCT is still under evaluation.

Aims

Describe the results of the of the Brazilian consortium protocol.

Methods

Since 2013, 15 patients with a diagnosis of NGGCT by histopathology and/or serum/cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tumor markers, βHCG >200mlU/ml and/or positive alpha-fetoprotein were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy with carboplatin, cyclophosphamide and etoposide followed by ventricular radiotherapy (RTV) of 18Gy with boost (32Gy) to the primary site. Metastatic patients underwent craniospinal irradiation (CSI) and “slow responders” to the four initial cycles of CT, to autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) followed by CSI.

Results

Mean age, 13.1 years. Thirteen males. Primary sites: pineal (n=12), suprasellar (n=2) and bifocal (n=1). Four patients were metastatic at diagnosis. Eight patients had CSF and/or serum alpha-fetoprotein levels > 1,000ng/ml. Tumor responses after chemotherapy demonstrated complete in six cases and partial in seven, with “second-look” surgery being performed in five cases, and two patients presenting viable lesions being referred to ASCT. The main toxicity observed was hematological grades 3/4. Two patients with metastatic disease, one with Down Syndrome and AFP > 1,000ng/ml and the other with choriocarcinoma and pulmonary metastases, developed progressive disease resulting in death, as well as two other patients without evidence of disease, due to endocrinological disorders. Event-free and overall survival at 2 and 5 years were 80% and 72.7%, respectively, with a mean follow-up of 48 months (range, 7-107).

Conclusions

Despite the small number of patients, in our series, treatment with six cycles of chemotherapy and RTV with focal boost for localized disease (n=11) and ACST for identified slow responders (n=2) seem to be effective strategies contributing to the overall effort to improve outcomes of this group of patients.
Combined surgery and sclerotherapy for 13 years: a case report of a patient with CLOVES
Authors: Wang Shiqi , Yuan Siming
Published: March 2024

Congenital lipomatous overgrowth, vascular malformations, epidermal nevi, and skeletal anomalies (CLOVES) constitute a rare overgrowth disorder resulting from a mosaic function-acquiring mutation in the PIK3CA gene. Targeted drugs for the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway remain under clinical trial and surgery is commonly used to meet both aesthetic and functional requirements for CLOVES patients. We report here the course and experience of a male patient treated at our institution for up to 13 years. The course of treatment consisted of nine anhydrous ethanol sclerotherapy procedures and two segmental trunk mass resections. After undergoing sequential treatment, the patient experienced improved thoracic deformity and scoliosis, enabling him to grow and develop normally.
Role and regulation of FOXO3a: new insights into breast cancer therapy
Authors: Mei Wenqiu , Mei Bingyin , Chang Jing , Liu Yifei , Zhou Yanhong , Zhu Ni , Hu Meichun
Published: March 2024

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in the world, particularly affecting female cancer patients. Enhancing the therapeutic strategies for breast cancer necessitates identifying molecular drug targets that effectively eliminate tumor cells. One of these prominent targets is the forkhead and O3a class (FOXO3a), a member of the forkhead transcription factor subfamily. FOXO3a plays a pivotal role in various cellular processes, including apoptosis, proliferation, cell cycle regulation, and drug resistance. It acts as a tumor suppressor in multiple cancer types, although its specific role in cancer remains unclear. Moreover, FOXO3a shows promise as a potential marker for tumor diagnosis and prognosis in breast cancer patients. In addition, it is actively influenced by common anti-breast cancer drugs like paclitaxel, simvastatin, and gefitinib. In breast cancer, the regulation of FOXO3a involves intricate networks, encompassing post-translational modification post-translational regulation by non-coding RNA (ncRNA) and protein-protein interaction. The specific mechanism of FOXO3a in breast cancer urgently requires further investigation. This review aims to systematically elucidate the role of FOXO3a in breast cancer. Additionally, it reviews the interaction of FOXO3a and its upstream and downstream signaling pathway-related molecules to uncover potential therapeutic drugs and related regulatory factors for breast cancer treatment by regulating FOXO3a.
Biofertilizer and biocontrol properties of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia BCM emphasize its potential application for sustainable agriculture
Authors: Sharma Pinki , Pandey Rajesh , Chauhan Nar Singh
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Microbial biofertilizers or biocontrol agents are potential sustainable approaches to overcome the limitations of conventional agricultural practice. However, the limited catalog of microbial candidates for diversified crops creates hurdles in successfully implementing sustainable agriculture for increasing global/local populations. The present study aimed to explore the wheat rhizosphere microbiota for microbial strains with a biofertilizer and biocontrol potential.

Methods

Using a microbial culturing-based approach, 12 unique microbial isolates were identified and screened for biofertilizer/biocontrol potential using genomics and physiological experimentations.

Results and discussion

Molecular, physiological, and phylogenetic characterization identified Stenotrophomonas maltophilia BCM as a potential microbial candidate for sustainable agriculture. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia BCM was identified as a coccus-shaped gram-negative microbe having optimal growth at 37°C in a partially alkaline environment (pH 8.0) with a proliferation time of ~67 minutes. The stress response physiology of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia BCM indicates its successful survival in dynamic environmental conditions. It significantly increased (P <0.05) the wheat seed germination percentage in the presence of phytopathogens and saline conditions. Genomic characterization decoded the presence of genes involved in plant growth promotion, nutrient assimilation, and antimicrobial activity. Experimental evidence also correlates with genomic insights to explain the potential of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia BCM as a potential biofertilizer and biocontrol agent. With these properties, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia BCM could sustainably promote wheat production to ensure food security for the increasing population, especially in native wheat-consuming areas.
Exploring national identity and collective memory across cultures: comparison of Indonesia and France
Authors: Priwati Acintya Ratna , Sanitioso Rasyid Bo
Published: March 2024

The present exploratory research compared how Indonesian and French participants defined national identity and the collective memories associated with their respective countries. This was examined in two studies using a mixed methods approach. Results show that Indonesian and French participants considered being born in the country as an important element in defining someone as French or Indonesian, respectively. Indonesian participants also mentioned being descendants of Indonesians as part of being Indonesian, in contrast to French participants who instead mentioned adherence to French ideology and values to be considered as French. Indonesian participants also recalled more positive past events related to their country (i.e., they have more positive collective memories) and showed more positive emotional attachment to their country, such as pride, than did the French. The French recalled memories that date further in the past compared to Indonesian participants. Discussion centers on the cultural dimensions (i.e., collectivist vs. individualistic) that have been shown to influence the importance of the ingroups, including nations as studied here, in individuals' self-perception, as proposed by Social Identity Theory.
The influence mechanism underlying meaning in life on career adaptability among college students: a chain intermediary model
Authors: Lin Zhengzheng
Published: March 2024

Introduction

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed a huge challenge to the career situation of college students. This study aimed to understand the mechanism underlying meaning in life on career adaptability among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

A quantitative method was adopted. In total, 1,182 college students were surveyed using the Meaning in Life Questionnaire, the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, the Adult General Hope Scale, and the Career Adapt-Abilities Scale.

Results

There was a significant positive correlation between meaning in life, positive coping styles, hope, and career adaptability. Positive coping styles and hope play a separate mediating role and a chain mediating role.

Discussion

The findings of this study emphasize the importance of meaning in life among college students to improve their career adaptability. Furthermore, positive coping styles and increased levels of hope contribute to the development of career adaptability among college students.
Treating depression at home with transcranial direct current stimulation: a feasibility study
Authors: Dragon Katharina , Abdelnaim Mohamed A. , Weber Franziska C. , Heuschert Markus , Englert Leon , Langguth Berthold , Hebel Tobias , Schecklmann Martin
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Treating major depressive disorder (MDD) with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) devices at home has various logistic advantages compared to tDCS treatment in the clinic. However, preliminary (controlled) studies showed side effects such as skin lesions and difficulties in the implementation of home-based tDCS. Thus, more data are needed regarding the feasibility and possible disadvantages of home-based tDCS.

Methods

Ten outpatients (23–69 years) with an acute depressive episode were included for this one-arm feasibility study testing home-based tDCS. All patients self-administered prefrontal tDCS (2 mA, 20 min, anodal left, cathodal right) at home on 30 consecutive working days supported by video consultations. Correct implementation of the home-based treatment was analyzed with tDCS recordings. Feasibility was examined by treatment compliance. For additional analyses of effectiveness, three depression scores were used: Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS-21), Major Depression Inventory (MDI), and the subscale depression of the Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale (DASS). Furthermore, usability was measured with the user experience questionnaire (UEQ). Tolerability was analyzed by the number of reported adverse events (AEs).

Results

Eight patients did not stick to the protocol. AEs were minimal. Four patients responded to the home treatment according to the MDI. Usability was judged positive by the patients.

Conclusions

Regular video consultations or other safety concepts are recommended regardless of the number of video sessions actually conducted. Home-based tDCS seems to be safe and handy in our feasibility study, warranting further investigation.
Traditional, cyberbullying, and suicidal behaviors in Argentinian adolescents: the protective role of school, parental, and peer connectedness
Authors: Dadras Omid , Takashi Naoki
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Bullying, both in person and online, is a significant risk factor for a range of negative outcomes including suicidal behaviors among adolescents and it is crucial to explore the protective effects of parental, school, and peer connectedness on suicidal behaviors among victims.

Methods

This study is a secondary analysis of the Argentina Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS 2018). Logistic regression analysis, adjusting for age and sex, determines the likelihood of suicidal thoughts and attempts among bullying victims. To explore the modifying effect of school, parental, and peer connectedness on the association between bullying and suicide behaviors, the interaction term was included. Sampling design and weights were applied in all analyses in STATA 17.

Results

The study included 56,783 students in grades 8-12, with over half being female. Adolescents aged 14-15 exhibited the highest prevalence of bullying, cyberbullying, suicidal thoughts, and attempts, with females displaying a higher prevalence in all measured categories. The study found that adolescents who reported being bullied or cyberbullied demonstrated a significantly higher likelihood of experiencing suicidal thoughts and attempting suicide. Furthermore, protective factors such as school, parental, and peer connectedness were found to play a critical role in mitigating the adverse impacts of bullying and cyberbullying on suicidal thoughts and attempts.

Conclusion

The findings underscore the critical prevalence of both bullying and cyberbullying among school-going Argentinian adolescents and their profound association with suicidal behaviors. The study emphasizes the importance of supportive family environments and peer and school connectedness in mitigating the negative effects of bullying and cyberbullying on mental health and suicide risk among adolescents.
Neuropsychological dimensions related to alterations of verbal self-monitoring neural networks in schizophrenic language: systematic review
Authors: Guiral Julián Andrés
Published: March 2024

Although schizophrenia has traditionally been interpreted as a disorder of thought, contemporary perspectives suggest that it may be more appropriate to conceptualize it as a disorder of language connectivity. The linguistic anomalies present in schizophrenia possess distinctive characteristics that, despite certain connections, are not comparable to aphasic disorders. It is proposed that these anomalies are the result of dysfunctions in verbal self-monitoring mechanisms, which may influence other neuropsychological dimensions. This study set out to examine the neuropsychological dimensions associated with alterations in the neural networks of verbal self-monitoring in schizophrenic language, based on the scientific evidence published to date. Exhaustive searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus to identify magnetic resonance studies that evaluated verbal self-monitoring mechanisms in schizophrenia. Of a total of 133 articles identified, 22 were selected for qualitative analysis. The general findings indicated alterations in frontotemporoparietal networks and in systems such as the insula, amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex, putamen, and hippocampus. Despite the heterogeneity of the data, it is concluded that language plays a fundamental role in schizophrenia and that its alterations are linked with other neuropsychological dimensions, particularly emotional and perceptual ones.
Inequality in benefit distribution of reducing the outpatient cost-sharing: evidence from the outpatient pooling scheme in China
Authors: Zhang Tao , Chen Minyan
Published: March 2024

Objective

The implementation of the outpatient pooling scheme in China has substantially elevated the compensation levels for outpatient expenses. This study aims to assess whether socioeconomically disadvantaged enrollees benefit proportionally compared to their non-disadvantaged counterparts.

Method

A cohort comprising 14,581 Urban and Rural Resident Basic Medical Insurance (URRBMI) enrollees and 830 Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance (UEBMI) enrollees was derived from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study 2018. Outpatient pooling scheme benefits were evaluated based on two metrics: the probability of obtaining benefits and the magnitude of benefits (reimbursement amounts and ratios). Two-part models were employed to adjust outpatient benefits for healthcare needs. Inequality in benefit distribution was assessed using the concentration curve and concentration index (CI).

Results

Following adjustments for healthcare needs, the CI for the probability of receiving outpatient benefits for URRBMI and UEBMI enrollees were − 0.0760 and − 0.0514, respectively, indicating an evident pro-poor pattern under the outpatient pooling scheme. However, the CIs of reimbursement amounts (0.0708) and ratio (0.0761) for URRBMI recipients were positive, signifying a discernible pro-rich inequality in the degree of benefits. Conversely, socioeconomically disadvantaged UEBMI enrollees received higher reimbursement amounts and ratios.

Conclusion

Despite a higher likelihood of socioeconomically disadvantaged groups receiving outpatient benefits, a pro-rich inequality persists in the degree of benefits under the outpatient pooling scheme in China. Comprehensive strategies, including expanding outpatient financial benefits, adopting distinct reimbursement standards, and enhancing the accessibility of outpatient care, need to be implemented to achieve equity in benefits distribution.
Decoding Gen Z: AI's influence on brand trust and purchasing behavior
Authors: Guerra-Tamez Cristobal Rodolfo , Kraul Flores Keila , Serna-Mendiburu Gabriela Mariah , Chavelas Robles David , Ibarra Cortés Jorge
Published: March 2024

This study focuses on the role of AI in shaping Generation Z's consumer behaviors across fashion, technology, beauty, and education sectors. Analyzing responses from 224 participants, our findings reveal that AI exposure, attitude toward AI, and AI accuracy perception significantly enhance brand trust, which in turn positively impacts purchasing decisions. Notably, flow experience acts as a mediator between brand trust and purchasing decisions. These insights underscore the critical role of AI in developing brand trust and influencing purchasing choices among Generation Z, offering valuable implications for marketers in an increasingly digital landscape.
The effect of progressive hypoxia on swimming mode and oxygen consumption in the pile perch, Phanerodon vacca
Authors: Frank LeeAnn C. , Prescott Leteisha A. , Scott Molly E. , Domenici Paolo , Johansen Jacob L. , Steffensen John Fleng
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Hypoxia, an increasingly common stressor in coastal environments, lowers the scope for aerobic activity such as sustained swimming. This study examines the effect of self-depleting progressive hypoxia on swimming performance and oxygen consumption of the pile perch, Phanerodon vacca, at their optimal speed (Uopt =29 cm·s−1). P. vacca is a labriform, median-paired fin (MPF) swimmer that exhibits a clear gait transition from primarily oxidative muscle-powered, pectoral fin swimming to primarily anaerobic-powered muscle burst swimming using the caudal fin (BCF) when facing high speeds or low oxygen.

Methods and hypothesis

We expected that P. vacca swimming at Uopt would maintain oxygen consumption (ṀO2) alongside decreasing oxygen levels and continue to swim using MPF propulsion until they approached their critical oxygen saturation at their optimal swimming speed (Scrit at Uopt). At this point, we expected a gait transition to occur (i.e., from MPF to BCF propulsion), which is observed by a decrease in pectoral fin beat frequency and an increase in caudal fin or bursting frequency.

Results

In a closed-system swimming respirometer, P. vacca maintained strictly pectoral fin swimming at a consistent frequency and metabolic rate until reaching a critical oxygen saturation at their Scrit at Uopt of 38.6 ± 1.7% air saturation (O2sat). Below Scrit at Uopt, P. vacca significantly increased pectoral fin beat frequency, followed by a transition to caudal bursting at 33.7% O2sat. Switching to burst swimming allowed P. vacca to swim for 44.4 min beyond Scrit at Uopt until reaching 29.2% O2sat. Excess post-hypoxia oxygen consumption (EPHOC) led to a significant increase in metabolic rate during recovery, which took 1.89 h to return to the routine metabolic rate (RMR).

Discussion

Time to return to RMR and EPHOC did not differ when comparing exhaustive exercise and hypoxia exposure, suggesting that this species has an anaerobic energy reserve that does not differ when stressed during hypoxia or exercise. This study demonstrates that in hypoxia, the modulation of swimming mode from pectoral to caudal fin–based locomotion can maintain swimming well below Scrit at Uopt and provides a fundamental understanding of the physiological basis of sustained swimming in hypoxia.
The role of technology in the water–energy–food nexus. A case study: Kerinthos, North Euboea, Greece
Authors: Sargentis G.-Fivos , Mamassis Nikos , Kitsou Olga , Koutsoyiannis Demetris
Published: March 2024

The water–energy–food (WEF) nexus is a basic element of prosperity, yet it is not equally distributed on the land. Human progress has optimized the function of the WEF nexus to bridge the inequality gap. In order to understand this progress, this study compares the preindustrial and modern agricultural practices in an area in Greece. Interviews were conducted with an elderly man who lived in the 1950s, and the process was quantified in units of WEF. The same procedure was also carried out with modern farmers for modern agricultural practices. In comparing the past and present agricultural processes, it is observed that today, a farmer can feed approximately 100 times more people. This feat has been achieved as modern practices push the land with energy sources in multiple ways (fuels and fertilizers). However, energy indices such as energy ratio, net energy gain, specific energy, and energy productivity do not seem to be improved. Furthermore, farmers prefer to pump underground water for irrigation, instead of utilizing the nearby river, as was done in the past when the river provided both energy to the watermill and an abundance of water for irrigation. In addition, as the price of wheat is dependent on the stock market, even in 2023, there are risks to food security, the cultivation of wheat was not economically efficient for farmers in this area in 2023.
Ammonia concentration and recovery in an up-scaled electrochemical cell through screening of cation exchange membrane
Authors: Choi Seongmin , Lee Wonjun , Kim Hanwoong , Lee Gwangtaek , Lee Changsoo , Cheong Dae-Yeol , Son Won-Keun , Kim Kwiyong
Published: March 2024

An intensifying global alarm over excessive total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) calls for innovative recovery strategies. Although electrochemically-driven TAN concentration and recovery have been explored, limited research on upscaling lab-scale advancements with careful system engineering leaves a notable gap in practical application. Here, in the context of implementing an upscaled electrochemical system, we carefully chose a suitable cation exchange membrane to ensure the best ammonium migration, energy efficiency, and stability. Systematically examining the effects of applied current density and loading rate using Neosepta CSE, we achieved final concentrated TAN levels in the receiving catholyte, reaching 836.7 mM (4.4-fold), 778.8 mM (3.5-fold), and 980.4 mM (2.8-fold), with nitrogen flux values of 801, 817, and 955 g-N m−2 d−1 for synthetic, food, and livestock wastewater, respectively, at a current density of 25 mA cm−2 and a loading rate of 2.5 mL cm−2 h−1. Successful upscaling to an 8-cell stack, capable of treating 100 L every 20 h (recovering 207 g-N d−1) of synthetic wastewater, showcases the feasibility of upscaled electrochemical systems for TAN recovery.
Evaluation of hop test movement quality to enhance return to sport testing. A cross-sectional study
Authors: Weber Melanie , Müller Mirjam , Mathieu-Kälin Moritz , Caminada Sandro , Häberli Marina , Baur Heiner
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Return to Sport tests with functional hop tests are often used to decide when a person is ready to return to sport after an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Poor movement quality, such as knee valgus, hip adduction and hip internal rotation is considered a risk factor for ACL injury. However, it is unclear whether existing tests adequately cover the aspect of movement quality. This study aims to investigate whether there is a relationship between the calculated limb symmetry index (LSI) of hop tests as an indication of performance and the total score of the “Quality First” assessment (movement quality). The second aim is to examine the reliability of the newly developed “Quality First” assessment for evaluating movement quality in hop tests.

Methods

The cross-sectional study recruited 34 patients with an ACL reconstruction. The vertical hop, single-leg hop for distance, and side hop tests were performed and recorded. The video recordings were assessed using the “Quality First” assessment. The Spearman correlation coefficient was calculated using the LSI and the “Quality First” total score. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and standard error of measurements (SEM) were used to calculate intra- and interrater reliability. In addition, the minimal detectable change (MDC) was determined.

Results

The correlation test between the LSI and the “Quality First” total score showed no correlation for all three jumps (r = −0.1–0.02/p-value = 0.65–0.93). The interrater reliability of the “Quality First” assessment showed fair to good reliability (ICC2: 0.45–0.60), with SEM ranging from 1.46 to 1.73 and the MDC from 4.06 to 4.8. Intrarater reliability was good to excellent (ICC3: 0.73–0.85), with SEM values ranging from 0.89 to 1.09 and the MDC from 2.47 to 3.01.

Conclusion

The quality of movement, measured with the “Quality First” assessment, indicated no correlation with the calculated LSI from jump performance, therefore movement quality should also be examined in Return to Sport tests. The “Quality First” assessment shows fair to good reliability when used by different raters. When used multiple times by the same rater, the assessment has good to excellent reliability.
Changes in roller skiing economy among Nordic combined athletes leading up to the competition season
Authors: Yanaka Takuya , Nakamura Mariko , Yamanobe Kaoru , Ishige Yusuke
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study was to compare roller skiing economy during different training phases in Nordic combined (NC) athletes and determine the aerobic and anaerobic factors responsible for changes in skiing economy. Seven elite NC athletes underwent incremental load tests on a large buried treadmill in both spring and autumn using roller skis. Measurements included oxygen uptake, respiratory exchange ratio, and blood lactate concentration. Roller skiing economy was calculated from aerobic and anaerobic energy system contributions, and overall roller skiing economy was determined by combining the two. Comparisons were made between the skiing economies obtained in the two measurement sessions. Physical characteristics and incremental test performance remained consistent between the two measurement sessions. The overall skiing economy at each speed significantly improved toward the competition season (p < 0.05). Similarly, the contribution of anaerobic energy system at each speed showed significant improvement (p < 0.05). In contrast, the contribution of aerobic energy system did not change between the two measurement sessions. This study reveals that NC athletes enhance their skiing economy at the same speed during submaximal efforts in preparation for the competition season. This improvement is predominantly associated with an improvement in the contribution of anaerobic energy system.
Overview of high-power LED life prediction algorithms
Authors: Sun Guofeng , Bai Yan , Zhang Zhiyi
Published: March 2024

Life prediction significantly influences the reliability of LED light sources. While high-power LED light sources theoretically offer a lifespan of up to 100,000 h, irreversible damage to components leads to light failure, substantially reducing their actual lifespan. Consequently, accurate life prediction is pivotal for manufacturers to cut costs and enhance economic efficiency. This necessity aligns with the interests of communities, governments, and consumers. Currently, the most extensively employed prediction methods are based on traditional physical models and data-driven approaches. The focal point of current research lies in realizing model fusion, presenting both a hotspot and a challenge. To elucidate the relationships, advantages, and disadvantages of different algorithms and establish the groundwork for LED life prediction algorithm development, this paper first introduces material properties and the light decay model of high-power LED light sources. Subsequently, it discusses the principles and methods of the physical model concerning light source reliability. The paper also presents a review and comparison of recent domestic and foreign light source life prediction models. Finally, it provides insights into the expected future development trends in life prediction.
Evolutionary Conservation and Diversification of Five Pax6 Homologs in the Horseshoe Crab Species Cluster
Authors: Dakarapu Tanay , Friedrich Markus
Published: March 2024

Horseshoe crabs represent the most ancestral chelicerate lineage characterized by marine ecology and the possession of lateral compound eyes. While considered living fossils, recent studies reported an unusual number of Pax6 genes in the Atlantic horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus. Pax genes encode ancient metazoan transcription factors, which comprise seven subfamilies. Among these, the members of the Pax6 subfamily confer critical functions in the development of the head, the visual system, and further body plan components. Arthropods are generally characterized by two Pax6 subfamily homologs that were discovered in Drosophila and named eyeless (ey) and twin of eyeless (toy). However, whole genome sequence searches uncovered three homologs of ey and two homologs of toy in L. polyphemus. These numbers are explained by the occurrence of likely three whole genome duplications in the lineage to the last common ancestor of L. polyphemus and the three additional members of the extant horseshoe crab species cluster. Here, we report that all five L. polyphemus Pax6 paralogs are conserved in the approximately 135-million-year-old horseshoe crab species cluster and that they evolve under strong purifying selection. Largely homogenous protein sequence diversification rates of ey and toy paralogs suggest subfunctionalization as the likeliest preservation trajectory. However, our studies further revealed evidence that the horseshoe crab ey1 and ey2 paralogs share a derived splice isoform that encodes a unique five amino acid-long insertion in helix 3 of the homeodomain. This suggests that the exceptional expansion of the horseshoe crab Pax6 gene family repertoire was also associated with regulatory diversification and possibly innovation.
Comparative Study-Based Data-Driven Models for Lithium-Ion Battery State-of-Charge Estimation
Authors: Hussein Hossam M. , Esoofally Mustafa , Donekal Abhishek , Rafin S M Sajjad Hossain , Mohammed Osama
Published: March 2024

Batteries have been considered a key element in several applications, ranging from grid-scale storage systems through electric vehicles to daily-use small-scale electronic devices. However, excessive charging and discharging will impair their capabilities and could cause their applications to fail catastrophically. Among several diagnostic indices, state-of-charge estimation is essential for evaluating a battery’s capabilities. Various approaches have been introduced to reach this target, including white, gray, and black box or data-driven battery models. The main objective of this work is to provide an extensive comparison of currently highly utilized machine learning-based estimation techniques. The paper thoroughly investigates these models’ architectures, computational burdens, advantages, drawbacks, and robustness validation. The evaluation’s main criteria were based on measurements recorded under various operating conditions at the Energy Systems Research Laboratory (ESRL) at FIU for the eFlex 52.8 V/5.4 kWh lithium iron phosphate battery pack. The primary outcome of this research is that, while the random forest regression (RFR) model emerges as the most effective tool for SoC estimation in lithium-ion batteries, there is potential to enhance the performance of simpler models through strategic adjustments and optimizations. Additionally, the choice of model ultimately depends on the specific requirements of the task at hand, balancing the need for accuracy with the complexity and computational resources available and how it can be merged with other SoC estimation approaches to achieve high precision.
Environmental Assessment of Lithium-Ion Battery Lifecycle and of Their Use in Commercial Vehicles
Authors: Nastasi Livia , Fiore Silvia
Published: March 2024

This review analyzed the literature data about the global warming potential (GWP) of the lithium-ion battery (LIB) lifecycle, e.g., raw material mining, production, use, and end of life. The literature data were associated with three macro-areas—Asia, Europe, and the USA—considering common LIBs (nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) and lithium iron phosphate (LFP)). The GWP (kgCO2eq/kg) values were higher for use compared to raw material mining, production, and end of life management for hydrometallurgy or pyrometallurgy. Considering the significant values associated with the use phase and the frequent application of secondary data, this study also calculated the GWP of LIBs applied in public urban buses in Turin, Italy. The 2021 fleet (53% diesel, 36% natural gas, and 11% electric buses) was compared to scenarios with increasing shares of hybrid/electric. The largest reduction in CO2eq emissions (−41%) corresponded to a fleet with 64% electric buses. In conclusion, this review highlighted the bottlenecks of the existing literature on the GWP of the LIB lifecycle, a lack of data for specific macro-areas for production and use, and the key role of public transportation in decarbonizing urban areas.
Sporopollenin Capsules as Biomimetic Templates for the Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite and β-TCP
Authors: De Mori Arianna , Quizon Daniel , Dalton Hannah , Yavuzyegit Berzah , Cerri Guido , Antonijevic Milan , Roldo Marta
Published: March 2024

Pollen grains, with their resilient sporopollenin exine and defined morphologies, have been explored as bio-templates for the synthesis of calcium phosphate minerals, particularly hydroxyapatite (HAp) and β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP). Various pollen morphologies from different plant species (black alder, dandelion, lamb’s quarters, ragweed, and stargazer lily) were evaluated. Pollen grains underwent acid washing to remove allergenic material and facilitate subsequent calcification. Ragweed and lamb’s quarter pollen grains were chosen as templates for calcium phosphate salts deposition due to their distinct morphologies. The calcification process yielded well-defined spherical hollow particles. The washing step, intended to reduce the protein content, did not significantly affect the final product; thus, justifying the removal of this low-yield step from the synthesis process. Characterisation techniques, including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis, confirmed the successful calcification of pollen-derived materials, revealing that calcified grains were principally composed of calcium deficient HAp. After calcination, biphasic calcium phosphate composed of HAp and TPC was obtained. This study demonstrated the feasibility of using pollen grains as green and sustainable bio-templates for synthesizing biomaterials with controlled morphology, showcasing their potential in biomedical applications such as drug delivery and bone regeneration.
Decolorization and Detoxification of Industrial Wastewater Containing Indigo Carmine by Aspergillus niger AN400 in Sequential Reactors
Authors: Rodrigues Kelly , de Sousa Alana M. X. , dos Santos Andreza D. O. , Barbosa Bárbara C. A. , Silva A. Rita , Pereira Luciana , Silva Glória M. M.
Published: March 2024

Effluents from the textile industry are an active problem in the sector and one of the world’s main environmental problems. The conventional treatments applied are not always efficient in terms of compliance with legislation, and, in many cases, the efficiency of treatment is guaranteed by the enormous energy expenditure involved, camouflaging the momentary problem and not effectively treating it. In this work, batch reactors with immobilized biomass of Aspergillus niger AN400 were arranged in series for the treatment of real textile wastewater containing approximately 20 mg/L of indigo carmine. Sucrose was added as a co-substrate in concentrations of 1 g/L and 0.5 g/L, in the first and second reactors, respectively, over 19 cycles of 48 h. The highest decolorization rate in the system was (93 ± 4) %, with the largest amount removed in the first reactor (90 ± 6) %, occurring mainly by biological means. The production of aromatic by-products from the initial degradation of the dye molecule was reflected in the lower removal efficiency of dissolved organic matter: 52% in the first reactor, and 25% in the second reactor. The number of colonies of fungi was higher than that of bacteria, 2.24:1 and 2.44:1 in the first and second reactors, respectively. The treated effluent in the system showed less toxicity than the raw effluent, and this demonstrates the potential of this technology in the treatment of textile effluents containing indigo carmine.
Quadratic Growth of Out-of-Time-Ordered Correlators in Quantum Kicked Rotor Model
Authors: Li Guanling , Zhao Wenlei
Published: March 2024

We investigate both theoretically and numerically the dynamics of out-of-time-ordered correlators (OTOCs) in quantum resonance conditions for a kicked rotor model. We employ various operators to construct OTOCs in order to thoroughly quantify their commutation relation at different times, therefore unveiling the process of quantum scrambling. With the help of quantum resonance condition, we have deduced the exact expressions of quantum states during both forward evolution and time reversal, which enables us to establish the laws governing OTOCs’ time dependence. We find interestingly that the OTOCs of different types increase in a quadratic function of time, breaking the freezing of quantum scrambling induced by the dynamical localization under non-resonance condition. The underlying mechanism is discovered, and the possible applications in quantum entanglement are discussed.
Quantization-Based Event-Triggered H∞ Consensus for Discrete-Time Markov Jump Fractional-Order Multiagent Systems with DoS Attacks
Authors: Lu Yi , Wu Xiru , Wang Yaonan , Huang Lihong , Wei Qingjin
Published: March 2024

This paper investigates the H∞ consensus problem of discrete-time Markov jump fractional-order multiagent systems (DTMJFOMASs) under denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. By applying the short-memory principle, we can obtain discrete-time Markov jump multiagent systems with partially unknown probabilities. A novel quantized event-triggering mechanism (QETM), based on a mode-dependent logarithmic quantizer, is proposed to enhance transmission efficiency among multiagents. A distributed controller with quantized output is developed. Sufficient conditions are provided to ensure the system achieves H∞ consensus through Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, two examples are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Foundations in Permafrost of Northern Canada: Review of Geotechnical Considerations in Current Practice and Design Examples
Authors: Dourado João Batista de Oliveira Libório , Deng Lijun , Chen Yuxiang , Chui Ying-Hei
Published: March 2024

In northern Canada where permafrost is prevalent, a persistent shortage of accessible, affordable, and high-quality housing has been ongoing for decades. The design of foundations in permafrost presents unique engineering challenges due to permafrost soil mechanics and the effects of climate change. There is no specific design code for pile or shallow foundations in northern Canada. Consequently, the design process heavily relies on the experience of Arctic engineers. To clearly document the current practice and provide guidance to engineers or professionals, a comprehensive review of the practice in foundation design in the Arctic would be necessary. The main objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the common foundations in permafrost and the geotechnical considerations adopted for building on frozen soils. This study conducted a review of current practices in deep and shallow foundations used in northern Canada. The review summarized the current methods for estimating key factors, including the adfreeze strength, creep settlement, and frost heave, used in foundation design in permafrost. To understand the geotechnical considerations in foundation design, this study carried out interviews with several engineers or professionals experienced in designing foundations in permafrost; the findings and the interviewees’ opinions were summarized. Lastly, in order to demonstrate the design methods obtained from the interviews and review, the paper presents two design examples where screw piles and steel pipe piles were designed to support a residential building in northern Canada, according to the current principles for adfreeze strength, long term creep settlement, and frost heave. The permafrost was assumed to be at −1.5 °C, and the design life span was assumed to be 50 years. The design examples suggested that for an axial load of 75 kN, a 12-m-long steel pipe pile or a 7-m-long screw pile would be needed.
Overexpression of HbGRF4 or HbGRF4-HbGIF1 Chimera Improves the Efficiency of Somatic Embryogenesis in Hevea brasiliensis
Authors: Luo Xiaomei , Zhang Yi , Zhou Miaomiao , Liu Kaiye , Zhang Shengmin , Ye De , Tang Chaorong , Cao Jie
Published: March 2024

Transgenic technology is a crucial tool for gene functional analysis and targeted genetic modification in the para rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). However, low efficiency of plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis remains a bottleneck of successful genetic transformation in H. brasiliensis. Enhancing expression of GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR 4 (GRF4)-GRF-INTERACTING FACTOR 1 (GIF1) has been reported to significantly improve shoot and embryo regeneration in multiple crops. Here, we identified endogenous HbGRF4 and HbGIF1 from the rubber clone Reyan7-33-97, the expressions of which dramatically increased along with somatic embryo (SE) production. Intriguingly, overexpression of HbGRF4 or HbGRF4-HbGIF1 markedly enhanced the efficiency of embryogenesis in two H. brasiliensis callus lines with contrasting rates of SE production. Transcriptional profiling revealed that the genes involved in jasmonic acid response were up-regulated, whereas those in ethylene biosynthesis and response as well as the S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase activity were down-regulated in HbGRF4- and HbGRF4-HbGIF1-overexpressing H. brasiliensis embryos. These findings open up a new avenue for improving SE production in rubber tree, and help to unravel the underlying mechanisms of HbGRF4-enhanced somatic embryogenesis.
Sindbis Virus Vaccine Platform: A Promising Oncolytic Virus-Mediated Approach for Ovarian Cancer Treatment
Authors: Pampeno Christine , Opp Silvana , Hurtado Alicia , Meruelo Daniel
Published: March 2024

This review article provides a comprehensive overview of a novel Sindbis virus vaccine platform as potential immunotherapy for ovarian cancer patients. Ovarian cancer is the most lethal of all gynecological malignancies. The majority of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) patients are diagnosed with advanced disease. Current treatment options are very aggressive and limited, resulting in tumor recurrences and 50–60% patient mortality within 5 years. The unique properties of armed oncolytic Sindbis virus vectors (SV) in vivo have garnered significant interest in recent years to potently target and treat ovarian cancer. We discuss the molecular biology of Sindbis virus, its mechanisms of action against ovarian cancer cells, preclinical in vivo studies, and future perspectives. The potential of Sindbis virus-based therapies for ovarian cancer treatment holds great promise and warrants further investigation. Investigations using other oncolytic viruses in preclinical studies and clinical trials are also presented.
Regulation of Cell Cycle Progression through RB Phosphorylation by Nilotinib and AT-9283 in Human Melanoma A375P Cells
Authors: Pham Trang Minh , Ahmed Mahmoud , Lai Trang Huyen , Bahar Md Entaz , Hwang Jin Seok , Maulidi Rizi Firman , Ngo Quang Nhat , Kim Deok Ryong
Published: March 2024

BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors are commonly employed for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia, yet their impact on human malignant melanoma remains uncertain. In this study, we delved into the underlying mechanisms of specific BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (imatinib, nilotinib, ZM-306416, and AT-9283) in human melanoma A375P cells. We first evaluated the influence of these inhibitors on cell growth using cell proliferation and wound-healing assays. Subsequently, we scrutinized cell cycle regulation in drug-treated A375P cells using flow cytometry and Western blot assays. Notably, imatinib, nilotinib, ZM-306416, and AT-9283 significantly reduced cell proliferation and migration in A375P cells. In particular, nilotinib and AT-9283 impeded the G1/S transition of the cell cycle by down-regulating cell cycle-associated proteins, including cyclin E, cyclin A, and CDK2. Moreover, these inhibitors reduced RB phosphorylation, subsequently inhibiting E2F transcriptional activity. Consequently, the expression of the E2F target genes (CCNA2, CCNE1, POLA1, and TK-1) was markedly suppressed in nilotinib and AT9283-treated A375P cells. In summary, our findings suggest that BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors may regulate the G1-to-S transition in human melanoma A375P cells by modulating the RB-E2F complex.
Aging and Adiposity—Focus on Biological Females at Midlife and Beyond
Authors: Rehman Amna , Lathief Sanam , Charoenngam Nipith , Pal Lubna
Published: March 2024

Menopause is a physiological phase of life of aging women, and more than 1 billion women worldwide will be in menopause by 2025. The processes of global senescence parallel stages of reproductive aging and occur alongside aging-related changes in the body. Alterations in the endocrine pathways accompany and often predate the physiologic changes of aging, and interactions of these processes are increasingly being recognized as contributory to the progression of senescence. Our goal for this review is to examine, in aging women, the complex interplay between the endocrinology of menopause transition and post-menopause, and the metabolic transition, the hallmark being an increasing tendency towards central adiposity that begins in tandem with reproductive aging and is often exacerbated post menopause. For the purpose of this review, our choice of the terms ‘female’ and ‘woman’ refer to genetic females.