bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Status quo and development potential of full life cycle evaluation of construction waste
Authors: Jia Jingming , Ren Fumin , Zhu Jintong
Published: February 2021

It is critically important to synthesize the life-cycle assessment (LCA) and construction waste content, especially in term in recycling of construction waste resources[1] and optimizing critria in the lifecycle evaluation. That is, the development of construction waste resources is entitled to be boosted, as same as criteria and elements in periodic evaluation concentrating on the module of construction waste. This paper analyzes the disadvantages of construction waste and potential promotion in each stage, which is of great significance for improving the evaluation system and management of construction waste.
Optimal Configuration of Multi-type Energy Storage for Integrated Energy System Considering Multi-energy Trading With Load Substitution
Authors: Wang Jun , Du Wei , Yang Dongmei , He Guoxin , Zhang Xiaochen
Published: February 2021

How to consider the impact of load substitution on user-side participating in multi-energy trading on system operation when configuring multi-type energy storage (MES) is an urgent problem that needs to be solved to improve the economics and energy efficiency of the integrated energy systems (IES). This paper presents an optimal configuration method of MES considering multi-energy trading with load substitution based on the characteristics of different energy supply seasons. Firstly, the multi-energy trading framework and MES configuration principle are proposed based on the structure of the IES. Secondly, a MES optimal configuration model for IES considering multi-energy trading with load substitution is established, then the IES trading strategies and MES planning schemes are solved. Finally, the proposed method is verified by an example. The results show that the proposed method reduces the MES configuration cost by 8.9%. It can be seen that the MES configuration method proposed in this paper is helpful to repair the limitations of energy storage configuration research in IES and improve the economic benefits of the system.
Theoretical and experimental study on vibration modal for simply supported bridge
Authors: Wang Ying , Peng Li , Zhang Xuewei , Chen Lingfeng , Chen Tao , Fang Congqi
Published: February 2021

For the highway bridges with small or medium span, a vehicle will stay on the bridge after the excitation. So the measured values of the vibration characteristics of the bridge are related to the vehiclebridge system. In order to analyse the natural vibration characteristics of simply supported bridge and the loaded frequency of vehicle-bridge system, theoretical analysis was carried out firstly, then the simply supported beam calculation model was built based on finite element method, and the results were compared with the measured values. The finite element model of a mass block-simply supported beam system was built by regarding the vehicles as a concentrated mass block attached. Both the vibration modals of the bridge system and the loaded frequencies of the vehicle-bridge system under diffident vehicle positions were obtained by software analysing. As a result, the variation characteristics of the loaded frequency for this simply supported bridge were extracted and discussed through the comparison of the results from both finite element method and the measured.
Assessment of solar energy potential and development in Afghanistan
Authors: Mehrad Ahmad Tamim
Published: February 2021

Energy generation in Afghanistan is limited and heavily dependent on fossil fuels and imported electricity. Due to rapid population growth and progress in the industry, services, and agriculture sectors, the existing energy sources are not fulfilling the current energy needs of the country. Meanwhile, there is a big gap between power supply and demand, which led to an energy shortage in Afghanistan. Consequently, there is a need to develop power generation and assure energy sustainability by concentrating on renewable energy sources. This paper aims to analyze the theoretical, practical, and economic potential of solar energy in Afghanistan with the main focus on PV power technology. Power generation from solar sources is theoretically, practically, and economically suitable for Afghanistan and can be a perfect solution for the energy shortage in the country. The Afghan government should consider developing solar energy as a priority for energy security, socio-economic development, and improving the quality of life in Afghanistan.
Energy Consumption Prediction in a Novel Automated Photovoltaic Design Platform
Authors: Pereira Tiago C. , Murta-Pina João , Amaral-Lopes Rui , Monteiro Fernando , Moraes Samuel , Oliveira Francisco
Published: February 2021

This paper describes a multi-step algorithm used to predict and typify the energy consumption profile of a prosumer, allowing the automation of the design of self-consumption photovoltaic (PV) power systems in a novel platform called PV SPREAD. The algorithm uses different methodologies to address various possible scenarios of data availability. In this paper, those scenarios are addressed using nonlinear autoregressive artificial neural networks (ANN) with external inputs (NARX) to predict energy consumption. Results reveal that the proposed algorithm successfully addresses data gaps in a hotel load profile used as a case study. The results also show the limitations of NARX when residential clients are analyzed.
Experimental investigation of convective heat transfer using ethylene glycol-based nano-fluid
Authors: Shoaib Rafiq Muhammad , Muhammad Ali Hafiz , Sultan Amir
Published: February 2021

Coolant plays important characteristic in automobile industry to prevent failure and damage by balancing the temperature. Due to this approach, coolants are being used as new thermal fluid to study the heat transfer coefficient performance. This study consists of an experimental investigation of internal convective heat transfer of 50:50 Water-Ethylene Glycol based Nano-fluid through a copper tube of 18mm external diameter and 16.5mm internal diameter and a test section of 1m in a fully turbulent regime. Total convective heat transfer coefficient of Nano fluid at three different volumetric concentrations of nanoparticles is estimated. Local convective heat transfer at eight different points along the tube at varying Reynolds number is also determined. At 0.15% volumetric concentration of SiO2 Nanoparticles (NPS) 29% increment in convective heat transfer coefficient (CHT) is observed. The decrease in the heat transfer rate is observed with changing distance axially. Particles disorganized movement of NPs and undulation in the fluid and increased in thermal conductivity of Nano fluid can be possible reason for extra ordinary change in heat transfer.
An Optimization Based Community Model of Consumers and Prosumers: A Real-Time Simulation and Emulation Approach
Authors: Abrishambaf Omid , Silva Cátia , Faria Pedro , Vale Zita
Published: February 2021

The electricity consumption pattern is being increased day by day. Currently, network operators are moving towards renewable energy resources and applying demand response programs. However, the small and medium scale consumers and producers are needed to be aggregated and participate in the electricity markets as a unique resource. This paper proposes an optimization-based community model for aggregating the small scales consumers and producers. The model includes a central controller, which is considered as an aggregator, and several local community managers to keep the network balanced locally. Furthermore. real-time simulation approach and several real devices as hardware-in-the-loop are used to validate the system under practical challenges. The results of the paper reveal a gap between the simulation and experimental results and prove the performance of system in real-time mode using actual devices.
Evidenz in der infiltrativen Schmerztherapie des Bewegungsapparates
Authors: Hobusch Gerhard M. , Platzgummer Hannes
Published: February 2021

Durch ultraschallgezielte therapeutische Infiltrationen können Wirkstoffe in kleinen Mengen exakt an den anatomischen Ort des Schmerzgeschehens gebracht werden. Einen Überblick über die wissenschaftliche Evidenz unterschiedlicher Infiltrationsverfahren soll dieser Artikel geben.
Erworbener Plattfuß: Diagnose und chirurgische
Behandlung
Authors: Döring Kevin , Vertesich Klemens , Puchner Stephan
Published: February 2021

Der erworbene Plattfuß des Erwachsenen präsentiert sich als langsam progrediente
Deformität, die unbehandelt zu quälenden Schmerzen und Einschränkungen der
Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens führen kann. Die Therapiemaßnahmen sind
vielfältig und abhängig von klinischer und radiologischer Präsentation, sodass
für jeden Patienten eine individuelle Versorgung geplant werden muss. Dieser
Beitrag spannt einen Bogen von der Ätiopathogenese über die chirurgische
Therapie bis hin zur postoperativen Mobilisierung und Rehabilitation.
Arthrose – Ursachen und Therapie 2021
Authors: Kurth Andreas A.
Published: February 2021

Die Arthrose ist eine chronische Erkrankung, die Gelenke wie Schulter, Hand, Hüfte, Knie und Füße betrifft und erhebliche Schmerzen, zunehmende Behinderung und fortschreitende Knorpeldegeneration verursacht. Die Arthrose tritt häufig bei Erwachsenen im Alter von über 50 Jahren auf und ist weltweit eine der Hauptursachen für Behinderungen. Die degenerativen Veränderungen und chronischen kumulativen Schädigungen der Gelenke umfassen Knorpeldenaturierung und -zerstörung, Sklerose und Zystenbildung des subchondralen Knochens, Osteophytenbildung, Synovialisläsionen sowie Veränderungen der umliegenden Strukturen.

Die Inzidenz der Arthrose steigt aufgrund der alternden Bevölkerung und der Zunahme von Adipositas. Aber auch Gelenkfehlstellungen, Verletzungen, Knochenmasse, Muskelmasse und die Genetik sind als Ursachen mittlerweile anerkannt. Die Arthrose hat eine komplexe Pathophysiologie, die bisher nur unvollständig verstanden ist.

Zurzeit gibt es viele aktuelle Leitlinien und Konsens zur Diagnose und Behandlung der Arthrose sowohl im In- als auch im Ausland.

Da es bisher keine etablierte krankheitsmodifizierende Therapie oder Ansätze der Verhinderung der Arthrose gibt, basieren die Behandlung auf einer Kombination von pharmakologischen und nicht-pharmakologischen Therapien, die die Symptome der Arthrose, vor allem Schmerzen und Funktionsverlust, behandeln können, d.h. Analgetika, nicht-steroidale Antirheumatika und physikalische Therapie.

Neben den konventionellen medizinischen und chirurgischen Interventionen gibt es eine zunehmende Anzahl von ‚alternativen‘ Therapien. Diese alternativen Ansätze haben nur eine begrenzte Evidenz und werden aus diesem Grund in aktuellen Leitlinien oft ausgeschlossen. Trotzdem werden gerade diese von vielen Patienten als Nahrungsergänzung eingenommen.
Preparation of Novel 4′-Spirocyclopropyl Nucleoside Analogues
Authors: Verhoeven Jonas , Kong Hanchu , Zhao Yongbin , Wang Wenbin , Pande Vineet , Brambilla Marta , Van Hecke Kristof , Meerpoel Lieven , Thuring Jan Willem , Verniest Guido
Published: February 2021

The stereoselective preparation of a novel 4′-spirocyclopropyl nucleoside analogue has been developed by using a semibenzilic Favorskii rearrangement of a 4′-(2-chloro-3-oxocyclobutyl)spirofuranose as a key step. These chiral spirocyclic intermediates, readily obtained on a multigram scale from chiral-pool starting materials, were shown to be highly suitable precursors for achieving full stereoselectivity in the reduction–ring contraction sequence. The downstream introduction of a nucleobase through Vorbrüggen glycosylation successfully resulted in the formation of the corresponding novel 4′-spirocyclic nucleoside analogue in a stereospecific manner.
Management of Portal Vein Thrombosis in Cirrhosis
Authors: Stotts Matthew J. , Wentworth Brian J. , Northup Patrick G.
Published: February 2021

While portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a frequently encountered complication in the cirrhosis population, its management can be challenging for even the most experienced clinicians. Multiple factors must be considered with regards to management, including the degree of underlying portal hypertension and liver dysfunction, risks of therapies including anticoagulation and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement, and extent of the thrombosis. Interpreting the available literature to determine the best treatment strategy for any individual patient can be especially challenging given the lack of prospective, randomized controlled trials and the heterogeneity of cohorts studied. This review will provide an overview of PVT in the cirrhosis population, including necessary steps in evaluation and the potential benefits and drawbacks of different treatment approaches.
The Connotation of Variances in the Risk Predictors, Medications, Homocysteine, and Homocysteine Pathway Gene Polymorphisms with CVA/Stroke
Authors: Masud Rizwan , Khan Aleem Ul Haq , Anjum Aiman Farogh , Jawwad Ghazala , Azeem Zahid , Baqai Haider Zaigham , Hashmi Shoaib Naiyar
Published: February 2021

Cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs) are vascular multifactorial, multigenic ailments with intricate genetic, environmental risk influences. The present study aimed to establish affiliation of CVAs/stroke with blood parameters, differences in prescribed drugs consumption, and with differences in homocysteine pathway genes polymorphisms. The participants in study included controls n = 251, transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients n = 16, and stroke cases n = 122, respectively, (total participants, n = 389). The analyzed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) included C677T(rs1801133), A1298C(rs1801131) of methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), A2756G(rs1805087) of methyl tetrahydrofolate homocysteine methyltransferase/methionine synthase (MS), and the A192G(rs662) of paraoxonase 1(PON1) genes, all validated by tetra-primer allele refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS-PCR). The insertion deletion (I/D; rs4646994) polymorphism in angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene was analyzed using routine PCR. All studied traits were scrutinized through analysis of variance (ANOVA), and later through regression analysis. Through ANOVA and multiple comparison, there was association of CVA with serum homocysteine, cholesterol, and with diastolic blood pressure readings. When data was subjected to regression, serum homocysteine and diastolic blood pressure (significant through ANOVA), as well as two additional traits, high-density lipoproteins (HDL), and rs1801133 MTHFR SNP sustained statistical significance and noteworthy odds in relation to CVA and stroke. The ailments affecting cerebral vasculature are mutifactorial, whereby genes, proteins, and environmental cues all exert cumulative effects enhancing CVA risk. The current study emphasizes that SNPs and variation in circulating biomarkers can be used for screening purposes and for reviewing their effects in stroke/CVA-linked risk progression.
Effectiveness and Safety of Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Injection Regarding Anatomical Landmarks: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Namazi Hamid , Ghane Amir , Dehghanian Amir Reza , Fereidooni Mehran , Akbarzadeh Armin
Published: February 2021

Background Triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) injections can be applied using anatomical landmarks or under the guide of ultrasound (US). US is not always available, and the physician may rely on the anatomical landmarks.

Objective The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of TFCC injection with anatomic landmarks.

Methods Forty wrist specimens from cadavers were randomly assigned to four rapid blue stain injection groups as follows: Group A: perpendicular to skin with 5 mm depth; Group B: perpendicular to skin with 10 mm depth; Group C: 45-degree angulation to skin surface, oriented from proximal to distal with 10 mm depth; and Group D: 45-degree angulation to skin surface, oriented from distal to proximal with 10 mm depth. TFCC specimens were excised and evaluated with microscopy, and adjacent neurovascular structures were checked for any injury.

Results Injections in group A were more accurate than others, in which 8/10 injections were successful. Group C injections were least accurate in that only 4/10 were successful. The other remaining groups (groups B and D) revealed similar results (5/10 were successful). However, statistical analyses did not show any significant difference (p-value = 0.35). No injury to neurovascular structures was seen.

Conclusion Needle placement perpendicular to skin with 5 mm depth and just medial to ulnar styloid can be used as an accurate method of palpation-guided technique for TFCC injections.
Prosthetic Rehabilitation of Deeply Placed Implant
Authors: Sharma Preetica , Kalra Tarun , Kumar Manjit , Bansal Ajay , Malik Shefali Singh
Published: February 2021

Fixed prosthetic option is the most accepted treatment desired by the patient in modern times. Malpositioned implant presents a challenge, especially during prosthetic phase. The prosthetic achievement of various complex cases can be done by following appropriate procedure; one of which has been discussed in this report. The use of transmucosal abutment with castable abutment is successful treatment option for complex malposed single dental implant.
Laryngotracheal Stenosis: Clinical Aspects and Management Challenges
Authors: Lahjaouj Meryem , El Bouhmadi Khadija , Oukessou Youssef , Rouadi Sami , Abada Reda , Roubal Mohamed , Mahtar Mohamed
Published: February 2021

Laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) is a severe condition with a high morbidity rate, described as the narrowing of the upper airway diameter. The etiology of acquired LTS is dominated by prolonged tracheal intubation. The diagnosis is based on endoscopic examination and computed tomography scan imaging providing an exact analysis of the lesion, with precise measurements.

We report a descriptive retrospective review based on the analysis of the medical records of a cohort of 18 patients, treated between January 2015 and January 2018 for an acquired LTS.

The results showed predominance in young males. The majority (73%) was hospitalized in a reanimation unit under tracheal intubation while the others (27%) underwent a tracheostomy. The location of the stenosis was tracheal in 69% of the patients, laryngeal in 23%, and laryngotracheal in 8%, and the degree of obstruction exceeded 70% in 11.2%. The endoscopic treatment was based on dilatation and endoluminal calibration by the Montgomery T-tube in 77.7% of our patients, circumferential resection by CO2 laser in 11.1%, and endoscopic posterior cordectomy in 11.1% of the cases. The surgical treatment relied on the resection of the stenosis followed by T-tube calibration in 61.1% of our patients, the resection with a termino-terminal anastomosis in 11%, and supraglottic partial laryngectomy in one patient. The follow-up showed major improvement in the clinical symptomatology, but the biggest challenge in LTS remains the occurrence of restenosis.

LTS is a severe condition and needs to be always considered in patients with inspiratory dyspnea and a medical history of tracheal intubation. It requires exhaustive endoscopic and imaging exploration with multidisciplinary management and long-term follow-up to prevent and detect the early signs of an eventual recurrence.
Combinatorial invariant for Morse–Smale diffeomorphisms on surfaces with orientable heteroclinic
Authors: Malyshev D. , Morozov A. , Pochinka O.
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we consider a class of orientation-preserving Morse–Smale diffeomorphisms defined on an orientable surface. The papers by Bezdenezhnykh and Grines showed that such diffeomorphisms have a finite number of heteroclinic orbits. In addition, the classification problem for such diffeomorphisms is reduced to the problem of distinguishing orientable graphs with substitutions describing the geometry of a heteroclinic intersection. However, such graphs generally do not admit polynomial discriminating algorithms. This article proposes a new approach to the classification of these cascades. For this, each diffeomorphism under consideration is associated with a graph that allows the construction of an effective algorithm for determining whether graphs are isomorphic. We also identified a class of admissible graphs, each isomorphism class of which can be realized by a diffeomorphism of a surface with an orientable heteroclinic. The results obtained are directly related to the realization problem of homotopy classes of homeomorphisms on closed orientable surfaces. In particular, they give an approach to constructing a representative in each homotopy class of homeomorphisms of algebraically finite type according to the Nielsen classification, which is an open problem today.
Structures and elastic properties of 1,2,4-triazolium magnesium hypophosphite hybrid perovskite
Authors: Li Lin-Sui , Wei Wen-Juan , Gao Hong-Qiang , Tan Yu-Hui
Published: February 2021

A new family of hypophosphite-based ABX3 hybrid perovskite has caused a widespread range of attentions due to their structural diversity, phase transition, and magnetic and negative thermal expansion. As a continuation of searching for novel hybrid perovskites, this work reports a new hypophosphite-based hybrid perovskite, [Trz][Mg(H2POO)3] (TrzMgP, Trz+ = 1,2,4-triazole), which belongs to the centrosymmetric space group P21/c with ordered organic cations located in the perovskite cage windows. It is notable that the broad bandgap of TrzMgP is 5.82 eV, and the calculated band structure and density of states disclose that the Trz+ cations donate to the large indirect bandgaps with 4.36 eV. In addition, the full elastic constants of TrzMgP were calculated by density functional theory which enables the systematic mapping of their Young's moduli, shear moduli, and Poisson's ratios. Notably, TrzMgP exhibits low anisotropy and comparable rigidity with the formate perovskite.
Pressure gradient effect on spin-crossover materials: Experiment vs theory
Authors: Rusu Ionela , Manolache-Rusu Ioan Cozmin , Diaconu Andrei , Palamarciuc Oleg , Gural'skiy Il’ya A. , Molnar Gabor , Rotaru Aurelian
Published: February 2021

We studied the effect of non-hydrostatic pressure on the hysteretic spin crossover in coordination complexes. By introducing into an Ising-like model a double distribution of the interactions and gap energy, respectively, we were able to generate the major hysteresis loop and the first-order reversal curve (FORC) diagram for spin-crossover systems of 106 hysterons (like-spin domains). We show that, for high pressure gradients around the spin-crossover system, the thermal hysteresis loop takes an asymmetric shape, in good agreement with the experimental data on pressure effect recorded at low temperatures, below the solidification of the pressure transmitting medium. Interestingly, the FORC diagram method seems to be much more sensitive to local changes than the “bulk” parameters, which characterize the major hysteresis loop.
Photosynthetic activity increases with leaf size and intercellular spaces in an allomorphic lianescent aroid Rhodospatha oblongata
Authors: Mantuano Dulce , Ornellas Thales , Aidar Marcos P. M. , Mantovani André
Published: February 2021

This study aimed to investigate leaf anatomy, as well as photosynthetic gas exchange, that underlie the improvement in light foraging capacity, which appears to occur in aroid vines seeking light exposure. Three levels of plant height (soil level, 3 m and 6 m) were categorised for the aroid vine Rhodospatha oblongata Poepp. to represent the transition from ground to canopy. Compared with shaded leaves, leaves exposed to high light conditions were thicker, presenting a larger, spongy parenchyma characterised by a larger transversal area of intercellular spaces. In addition to the increase in maximum CO2 assimilation (Amax) and thicker and larger leaf lamina, we found an increased light saturation point, light compensation point and water use efficiency at 500 µmol PPFD. Nitrogen content per leaf dry mass remained constant across habitats, but Amax/N was 1.5-times greater in the canopy position than in the leaves at soil level, suggesting that CO2 gain did not rely on an N-related biochemical apparatus. The lower δ13C discrimination observed at high canopy leaves corroborated the higher photosynthesis. Altogether, these results suggest that the large and exposed aroid leaves maintained carbon gain coupled with light gain through investing in a more efficient proportion of intercellular spaces and photosynthetic cell surface, which likely allowed a less pronounced CO2 gradient in substomatal-intercellular space.
Local translation in nuclear condensate amyloid bodies
Authors: Theodoridis Phaedra R. , Bokros Michael , Marijan Dane , Balukoff Nathan C. , Wang Dazhi , Kirk Chloe C. , Budine Taylor D. , Goldsmith Harris D. , Wang Miling , Audas Timothy E. , Lee Stephen
Published: February 2021

Significance

The central dogma of eukaryotic biology is clear: DNA replication and RNA transcription occur in the nucleus while protein synthesis takes place in the cytoplasm. While this fundamental tenet of biology is entrenched in textbooks, it has undergone recurring challenges over the decades, most notably the existence of nuclear translation. We report that solid-like condensate amyloid bodies are hubs of stress-resistant local nuclear translation in cells engaging in hypoxic fermentation or responding to high temperature. Conceptually, this paper provides a physiological context for nuclear protein synthesis while highlighting a role for solid-like condensates in coordinating complex biochemical reactions.
Selective modulation of interhemispheric connectivity by transcranial alternating current stimulation influences binaural integration
Authors: Preisig Basil C. , Riecke Lars , Sjerps Matthias J. , Kösem Anne , Kop Benjamin R. , Bramson Bob , Hagoort Peter , Hervais-Adelman Alexis
Published: February 2021

Significance

Sensory processing depends upon the integration of widely distributed neural assemblies. During every day listening, our ears receive different information (due to interaural time and amplitude differences) and it is known that both hemispheres extract different acoustic features. Nonetheless, acoustic features belonging to the same source become integrated. It has been suggested that the brain overcomes this “binding problem” by synchronization of oscillatory activity across the relevant regions. Here we probe interhemispheric oscillatory synchronization as a mechanism for acoustic feature binding using bihemispheric transcranial alternating current stimulation. Concurrent functional MRI reveals that antiphase stimulation of auditory areas changes effective connectivity between these areas, and that this change in connectivity predicts perceptual integration of dichotic stimuli.
A switch to feeding on cycads generates parallel accelerated evolution of toxin tolerance in two clades ofEumaeuscaterpillars (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)
Authors: Robbins Robert K. , Cong Qian , Zhang Jing , Shen Jinhui , Quer Riera Julia , Murray Debra , Busby Robert C. , Faynel Christophe , Hallwachs Winnie , Janzen Daniel H. , Grishin Nick V.
Published: February 2021

Significance

Caterpillars ofEumaeusbutterflies eat toxic plants and are impacted by their toxins. Despite the ancient origins of cycads, the association of cycads andEumaeusis recent. Following a switch to feeding on cycads,Eumaeusevolved cluster egg-laying and conspicuously colored, gregarious caterpillars.Eumaeusthen split into two fast evolving lineages, and we assessed subsequent genomic changes in each. These lineages accumulated changes in the same fast evolving proteins, indicating that evolution took a parallel path in response to the same challenge. Mechanisms of toxin tolerance in these butterflies may include autophagy, removal of damaged cells through phagocytosis, and rapid cell proliferation.
Prolonged anesthesia alters brain synaptic architecture
Authors: Wenzel Michael , Leunig Alexander , Han Shuting , Peterka Darcy S. , Yuste Rafael
Published: February 2021

Significance

In human patients, prolonged medically induced coma (pMIC) is associated with significant cognitive deficits. Yet, a synapse-level neuromorphological correlate has been demonstrated experimentally only in early life, when the brain is highly plastic. The current notion is that synapses become increasingly stabilized and that MIC has no effect on synaptic dynamics in adulthood. Yet, the longest experimental study of MIC-associated synaptic changes has been only ∼6 h. We established a pMIC experimental protocol in mice and found that pMIC alters synaptic brain architecture and object recognition at all ages. Our results ring an alarm bell to the medical community and call for the development of individually tailored anesthetic regimens and intensified research on adjuvant therapeutic strategies to maintain brain structure and function during pMIC.
Towards a cultural model ofqiin TCM
Authors: Feng Mei
Published: February 2021

This paper aims to construct a cultural model ofqiin Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) by probing into its conceptual metaphors based on a contextualized semantic analysis ofqiinHuang Di’s Inner Classic(HDIC). It is found that there are eight conceptual metaphors ofqi, each involving experiential correlation between source and target concept. To be specific,cause for effectbuilds up a major metonymic basis for the metaphorical mappings from the source concept ofqi(i.e.,substance) to the target concepts, includingphysiological function, breathing, climate, pathogenic factor, disease/syndrome, odor, property of drugsandtime. It is worth special noting thattimeis understood in terms of the motion ofqiin TCM. The conceptual metaphortime is qiis Chinese culture-specific. On the whole, conceptual metaphors ofqiform a conceptual network and further constitute a cultural model:qias the substance origin of human life is believed in TCM to function by ceaseless motion, giving rise to wellness or illness. This cultural model reflects a pair of inseparable concepts in ancient Chinese philosophy, viz. substance and (its) function, with the former being primary, essential and original, while the latter, secondary, concomitant and derivational.
Between commitment and certainty
Authors: Kwon Iksoo
Published: February 2021

In accord withVerhagen’s (1996)insights regarding epistemic uses of the predicatorpromise(e.g.,Tomorrowpromisesto be a fine day), this paper identifies another type of these epistemic uses. It focuses on constructional cues in complex-clause utterances of the formI promiseX: whether or not the subject of the embedded clause X is congruent with ‘I’ in the main clause and whether the tense of X is past or non-past. It investigates how it is used epistemically, especially in its colloquial uses; how the constructional cues (the kind of subject and the tense information) influence its construal; and how the different conceptual structures underlying the construals of the commissive and the epistemic modal senses of the construction can be modeled within Mental-spaces theory. It also discusses that the conceptual structures may be differently reified cross-linguistically briefing on the Korean constructsyaksokha-‘(I) promise’ andcangtamha-‘(I) assure’.
In situ scanning–digital image correlation for high-temperature deformation measurement of nickel-based single crystal superalloy
Authors: Xie Hongfu , Wang Jie , Wang Zhen , Zhao Chong , Liang Jiecun , Li Xide
Published: February 2021

In situ microscopic observation and measurement of deformations for advanced hot-section materials at high-temperature is helpful in understanding their failure mechanisms. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a digital image correlation (DIC) method are combined to capture the failure process. This article reports an in situ high-temperature testing system which can heat the specimen up to 1000 °C and provide clear images simultaneously. The Al2O3 nanoscale particles are developed as high-temperature deformation carriers in SEM–DIC, which are suitable for high-temperature samples with significant advantages of stability, high image contrast and without shedding or melting up to 1000 °C. High-temperature tensile and creep properties of a nickel-based single crystal superalloy (NBSCS) at 750 °C were investigated using this system. In addition, a scanning–DIC (S–DIC) method, which avoids errors introduced by conventional DIC methods, was used to calculate full-field dynamic displacement and strain of high-temperature NBSCS samples. Analysis of the strain fields show that the strain concentrations are generally at the positions of crack initiation or propagation, and the creep cracks interact with each other through the strain field. Finally, the crack opening displacement is obtained using the virtual extensometer.
Suppressing the efficiency droop in AlGaN-based UVB LEDs
Authors: Usman Muhammad , Malik Shahzeb , Khan M Ajmal , Hirayama Hideki
Published: February 2021

The optoelectronic properties of semiconducting aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN)-based ultraviolet-B (UVB) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are crucial for real-world medical applications such as cancer therapy and immunotherapy. However, the performance of AlGaN-based UVB LED devices is still poor due to the low hole injection efficiency. Therefore, we have numerically investigated the performance of AlGaN-based UVB LEDs for the suppression of efficiency droop as well as for the enhancement of hole injection in the multiquantum wells (MQWs). The influence of the undoped (ud)-AlGaN final quantum barrier (FQB), as well as the Mg-doped multiquantum barrier electron blocking layer (p-MQB EBL), on the efficiency droop has been focused on specifically. To evaluate the performance of the proposed device, we have compared its internal quantum efficiency (IQE), carrier concentration, energy band diagram, and radiative recombination rate with the conventional device structure. Furthermore, the influence of Al composition in the Al-graded p-AlGaN hole source layer (HSL) on the operating voltages of the proposed UVB LEDs was considered. The simulation results suggest that our proposed structure has a high peak efficiency and much lower efficiency droop as compared to the reference structure (conventional). Ultimately, the radiative recombination rate in the MQWs of the proposed UVB LED-N structure has increased up to ∼73%, which is attributed to the enhanced level of electron and hole concentrations by ∼64% and 13%, respectively, in the active region. Finally, a high efficiency droop of up to ∼42% in RLED has been successfully suppressed, to ∼7%, by using the optimized ud-AlGaN FQB and the p-MQB EBL, as well as introducing Al-graded p-AlGaN HSL in the proposed UVB LED-N structure.
Ni and Co synergy in bimetallic nanowires for the electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Hussain Muhammad , Nisar Amjad , Qian Lizhi , Karim Shafqat , Khan Maaz , Liu Yanguo , Sun Hongyu , Ahmad Mashkoor
Published: February 2021

The development of a highly sensitive and selective non-enzymatic electrode catalyst for the detection of a target molecule was remained a great challenge. In this regard, bimetallic nanowires (BMNWs) are considered as promising electrode material for their fascinating physical/chemical properties superior to a single system. In this article, nickel cobalt (Ni
x
–Co) BMNWs with tunable stoichiometry were prepared by a template assisted electrodeposition method and their catalytic performance was investigated for the detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). It has been found that Ni–Co (0.5:1) BMNWs/PC electrode exhibits superior non-enzymatic sensing ability toward H2O2 detection with a high selectivity. The electrode shows fast response within ∼3 s and an excellent reproducible sensitivity of 2211.4 μAmM−1 cm−2, which is the best compared to the individual Ni, Co, Ni–Co (0.3:1) BMNWs and previously reported electrodes. In addition, the electrode shows a linear response in the wide concentration range from 0.005 mM to 9 mM, low detection limit of 0.5 μM (S/N = 3.2) and a relatively long-term storage (50 d). Moreover, the sensor reveals excellent results for H2O2 detection in the real samples. The enhanced sensitivity of the Ni–Co (0.5:1) BMNWs based electrode may be due to the stable structure and synergy of Ni and Co. The results demonstrate that the catalytic activity of the electrode binary catalyst towards H2O2 detection can be improved by adjusting the Ni/Co ratio in BMNWs. The excellent performance of the electrode suggests that Ni–Co BMNWs are promising candidate for the construction of cost-effective electrochemical sensors for medical and industrial applications.
Monolayer of silica nanospheres assembled onto ITO-coated glass substrates by spin-coating
Authors: Faraco T A , Yoshioka N A , Sábio R M , Barud H da S , Maciel I O , Quirino W G , Fragneaud B , Aguiar A M de , Ribeiro S J L , Cremona M , Legnani C
Published: February 2021

In this work, we synthesized colloidal silica nanospheres with an average size of 400 nm through the modified Stöber method and successfully fabricated an ordered close-packed silica nanosphere monolayer onto ITO-coated glass substrates using a three-step spin-coating method. ITO films showed resistivity comparable to that of commercial ITO and the silica nanosphere monolayer-coated ITO/glass substrate exhibited good optical transmittance in the visible (550 nm) and near-infrared (900 nm) regions of 62% and 82%, respectively. The results suggest that this monolayer can be used in optoelectronic devices to enhance efficiency in photovoltaic cells.
Many-body near-field radiative heat transfer: methods, functionalities and applications
Authors: Song Jinlin , Cheng Qiang , Zhang Bo , Lu Lu , Zhou Xinping , Luo Zixue , Hu Run
Published: February 2021

Near-field radiative heat transfer (NFRHT) governed by evanescent waves, provides a platform to thoroughly understand the transport behavior of nonradiative photons, and also has great potential in high-efficiency energy harvesting and thermal management at the nanoscale. It is more usual in nature that objects participate in heat transfer process in many-body form rather than the frequently-considered two-body scenarios, and the inborn mutual interactions among objects are important to be understood and utilized for practical applications. The last decade has witnessed considerable achievements on many-body NFRHT, ranging from the establishment of different calculation methods to various unprecedented heat transport phenomena that are distinct from two-body systems. In this invited review, we introduce concisely the basic physics of NFRHT, lay out various theoretical methods to deal with many-body NFRHT, and highlight unique functionalities realized in many-body systems and the resulting applications. At last, the key challenges and opportunities of many-body NFRHT in terms of fundamental physics, experimental validations, and potential applications are outlined and discussed.
High normal zone propagation velocity in copper-stabilized 2G HTS coated conductors
Authors: Giguère Jaël , Lacroix Christian , Dupuis-Desloges Félix , Fournier-Lupien Jean-Hughes , Sirois Frédéric
Published: February 2021

Copper-stabilized second generation high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coated conductors were modified to enhance their normal zone propagation velocity (NZPV). Experimental results, supported by numerical simulations, indicate that adding copper on the substrate side instead of adding it on the HTS side increases the NZPV by a factor of 2–3. Furthermore, a novel tape architecture, called hybrid-current flow diverter (CFD), was investigated. This hybrid-CFD tape was designed with the goal of having a very long current transfer length, which is the key to enhance the NZPV. Results show that it is possible to fabricate an HTS tape with double stabilizer thickness in comparison to a bare tape, while accelerating the NZPV by a factor of three. With the same approach, a ten-fold increase of the NZPV can be expected for a tape with a 40 µm thick copper-stabilizer.
Comparison between SOLPS-4.3 and the Lengyel Model for ITER baseline neon-seeded plasmas
Authors: Moulton D. , Stangeby P.C. , Bonnin X. , Pitts R.A.
Published: February 2021

If correct, the Lengyel model offers a simple and powerful tool to predict the conditions required for detachment onset in future fusion reactors. We assess its validity against a comprehensive SOLPS-4.3 simulation database of ITER baseline (Q = 10) neon-seeded plasmas (Pacher et al 2015 J. Nucl. Mater. 463 591). In absolute terms, the Lengyel Model is found to significantly overpredict the simulated impurity concentration required in the ITER outer divertor for outer target ion flux rollover (by a factor ∼4.3 in this particular case). Importantly though, at detachment onset, and even beyond onset, the Lengyel model does give a remarkably accurate prediction of the scaling interdependencies between the electron density at the outer divertor entrance, the parallel energy flux density at the outer divertor entrance, and the impurity concentration in the outer divertor. However, the generalisation of these two key results to other machines, and in the presence of additional physics not included in these simulations, requires further studies. The analysis techniques described here provide a framework for such studies. Regarding the factor ∼4.3 overprediction of the simulated outer divertor impurity concentration, the main contributors to the disagreement are found to be other energy loss mechanisms besides impurity cooling (primarily neutral losses and radial transport) combined with convective energy fluxes near the target, as well as non-constant electron static pressure due to poloidally variable T
i/T
e. None of these are included in the Lengyel model. By themselves, these do not strongly influence the scaling interdependencies of the main Lengyel parameters over the explored parameter range. The impurity residence time τ is observed to increase with density, which tends to flatten out the impurity concentration scaling at low density, relative to the Lengyel model (which usually assumes constant τ). In these simulations, however, this flattening out was cancelled by an accumulation of other effects, so that the scaling prediction of the Lengyel model was still well met. A simple physics model is derived for n
e
τ that matches the simulation data well. Neon is found to migrate from the inner divertor to the outer divertor with increased puffing, thereby increasing the outer divertor neon enrichment. At outer target ion flux rollover, though, the enrichment is approximately independent of the upstream concentration, so that the Lengyel model predicts well the scaling dependency between the upstream impurity concentration and the upstream electron density, both key quantities dictating the operational range of a tokamak.
Measurement on the Geomagnetic Induced Current (GIC) at low latitude region in Malaysia
Authors: Burhanudin K , Jusoh M H , Abdul Latiff Z I , Zainuddin A , Talib M A
Published: February 2021

This paper study the existent of geomagnetic induced current (GIC) in Malaysia. The location for GIC measurement is conducted at Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) substation 33KV transformer in Malaysia. The measurement is taken at the neutral cable of the 33KV transformer which is grounded to the earth. In order to verify the result of the GIC existence, the data from GIC measurement is observed with the data from the Solar Wind and Magnetic field of the earth. The measurement is taken using the HIOKI MR 8870-20 memory recorder, CT6846-05 current clamper, and CT9555 sensor unit. The study is conducted to identify the existence of the GIC in Malaysian Power Network transformer before conducting a further study on the harmful effect of the GIC level in Malaysia on the transformer performance. The data collected from the study to analyze and plotted using MATLAB software for further observation on the GIC level.
Examination the cosmic ray muon attenuation by heavy metal alloys
Authors: Altameemi Rasha N. I. , Shazana Abdul Hamid Nurul , Mohd Aimran Wan Mohd Kamil Wan
Published: February 2021

The ability of a muon telescope to detect high dense metal elements was experimentally determined in previous works. Recently, the muon absorption has become one of the most important data in the tomography technique. In the present study, the absorption coefficients of muon at ground level for heavy alloys, namely brass, steel and stainless steel have been successfully recorded. The experiment was performed in Bangi, Malaysia with coordinates of 101.78º E, 2.92º N and elevation of 30 m above sea level. Muon examination was made by muon telescopes contained of two Geiger-Muller detectors. The muon count rate graphs showed an initial increase, followed by a transition depth and then a decrease with the continuous increase of the alloys thickness. The transition points observed were reliable and consistent with the properties of the alloys. The absorption coefficient of brass was higher than the other alloys; therefore, brass could be detected by cosmic ray muons easily. The results confirmed that the larger the mass density of the alloy absorber, the higher the ability to absorb the muon. The attenuation stated by this experiment would be valuable for coming work on muon revealing procedures.
The outburst of solar flares in short and long wavelength of active region AR2650
Authors: Hamidi Z S , Shariff N N M
Published: February 2021

We analyzed solar burst type III occurred on 15th of May 2017 and compare with optical and X-ray region using the high time resolution hard-X-ray data from space weather and 10 MHz-120 MHz dynamic spectra from CALLISTO network. The eruption mechanism of solar flares and type III has been observed intermittently in the last a few hours since 10:00 UT. The burst consequences from the ejection of plasma oscillations localized disturbance due to excited in the plasma frequency incoherent radiations such as gyro synchrotron and free–free emissions. Significant results of the flaring becoming more intense at 10:05 UT. During this event, the electrons greater than 2 MeV at geosynchronous orbit reached a peak level of 73 sfu. Solar wind speed reached a peak of 375 km/s at 14/2246Z. Total IMF reached 6 nT at 14/2123Z. It was found that radiation from the flare created waves of ionization in the upper atmosphere over Asia and Australia and possibly HF radio blackouts at high latitudes. We believed these data represent the first direct evidence of high-speed flows will be exploded on 20th April 2017 due to this pattern of eruption.
Development of the Cloud-Based Magnetic Data Acquisition System for Real Time Geomagnetic Monitoring
Authors: Burhanudin K , Jusoh M H , Abdul Latiff Z I , Suaimi M S , Ibrahim Z , Zaini M K N
Published: February 2021

Magnetic Data Acquisition System (MAGDAS) is a system of a real-time magnetometer data logger deployed by Kyushu Sangyo University of Fukuoka, Japan as part of Japan’s leading contribution to International Heliophysical year of the United Nations. This paper proposed a cloud-based MAGDAS for the YU-8T magnetometer. MAGDAS is the system that measures and monitors the earth’s magnetic field or geomagnetic field. Converting the old system to the new system will provide the capability to monitor the magnetic field changes continuously due to the solar activities which are harmful to the electrical appliances. To verify the workability of the system, the data from the MAGDAS Langkawi and solar event was gathered to be compared with the developed system. The location where the measurement takes place is at Pusat Sukan UiTM Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia (geographic latitude and longitude: 3.00N, 101.00E, and geomagnetic latitude and longitude: 6.37S, 173.65E. This project consists of the YU-8T magnetometer system, hardware, software, and cloud-based web-server. YU-8T magnetometer measures the voltage of Earth’s magnetic field in the form of H, D and Z parameters to be stored in the data logger. The stored data was transferred to the cloud-based web-server through the Internet of Thing (IoT) for real-time monitoring.