bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Node Importance in Collaborative Network of Traditional Manufacturing Enterprises Based on Multiple Attribute Decision Making
Authors:   School of Business Administration, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China, Yang Tao ,   School of Economics and Management, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China, Ding Yihuan ,   School of Business Administration, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China, Jiang Fang ,   School of Business Administration, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
Published: March 2024

The construction and operation of collaborative production networks based on multi-subject collaboration is an important path and means for enterprises to adapt to personalized, diversified, and differentiated market demand. It is of great practical significance to identify the key collaborative subjects in the collaborative network and protect and maintain them to ensure its normal operation. To identify the key collaborative subjects in the collaborative network of traditional manufacturing enterprises, this paper proposes a method for identifying and evaluating the importance of nodes in traditional manufacturing enterprise collaborative networks. Firstly, the method uses four parameters, degree centrality, betweenness centrality, closeness centrality, and subgraph centrality, as node importance evaluation indexes, based on complex network theory. Secondly, the coefficient of variation method (CVM) is used to calculate the weights of evaluation indexes. The Multiple Attribute Decision Making (MADM) based on the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is then used to comprehensively evaluate node importance and identify key nodes (key collaborative subjects) in the network. Finally, the proposed method's effectiveness, rationality, and scientific nature are verified by using the measurement index of network connectivity in combination with specific enterprise cases. The results show that the failure of key nodes has a more significant impact on network connectivity. Therefore, the node importance evaluation method based on Multiple Attribute Decision Making has better performance. It helps traditional manufacturing enterprises to focus on the protection and maintenance of the key collaborative subjects when coping with the competitive environment of the external market and provides a valuable reference for the normal operation of collaborative network organizations.
Storage Efficiency and Reduced Complexity Modelling
Authors: de Jonge-Anderson Iain , Ramachandran Hariharan , Nicholson Uisdean , Geiger Sebastian , Widyanita Ana , Doster Florian
Published: March 2024

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is vital to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating climate change. Most CCS projects rely on the permanent geological storage of CO2 within deep sedimentary rock formations, but accurately constraining the capacity of these reservoirs usually involves detailed and computationally demanding reservoir modelling and simulation of the pressure evolution and CO2 plume migration. In the absence of this, efficiency factors are often used within volumetric capacity estimates, but this often results in overestimations of storage capacity. As an alternative, we propose a workflow harnessing various, existing, reduced complexity models that account for the surface topography and dynamic fluid behaviour in a computationally efficient manner. We first undertook a static analysis using algorithms available within MRST-co2lab. The reservoir topography is used to determine the locations of structural traps, the trapping routes that link them and downdip filling areas that feed a given trap. This analysis provides indications of the optimal well placement and helps us refine the total capacity of the area into the capacity available just from structural trapping. We followed this with a dynamic analysis, also within MRST-co2lab, using computationally efficient Vertical Equilibrium models. This efficiency allowed us to performing hundreds of simulations and use these results to map storage efficiency and determine the optimal well placement where efficiency is greatest. We tested this workflow within an area of the Malay Basin with illustrative reservoir parameters and estimated storage efficiency, capacity and the optimal well placement within the area without performing any full-physics simulations. The results from VE modelling indicate that the amount that can be contained within this area is 15 times less than the predictions using static storage efficiency factors. The advantage of such a light approach is that sensitivity and uncertainty analysis can be carried out at speed, before targeting certain parameters/areas for more detailed study.
Exploring Key Elements for Effective Implementation of Inclusive Education in Nepal
Authors: Kunwar Indra Bahadur
Published: March 2024

The main objective of this study is to investigate key elements for effectively implementing inclusive education in schools in Nepal. A qualitative phenomenological research design has been applied to investigate the problem. Three community schools with resource classes were purposively selected as a representative sample from the districts of Rupandehi, Nawalparasi and Kavre. Interviews and focus group discussions served as the research tools for data collection.  A semi-structured interview schedule was developed and utilized for the head teachers and resource teachers; whereas, questions for focus group discussion were developed and administered to the teachers of sample schools. The collected data were transcribed, grouped and categorized for their analysis. The findings reveal that several key elements are important for the smooth execution of inclusive education in Nepalese schools. These elements include disabled-friendly infrastructure; curriculum, teaching strategies and assessment; inclusive school leadership; implementable policies and legal instruments; trained teachers; active involvement of parents and community; positive attitude of teachers and peers; and adequate financing.
ऋतम्भरा महाकाव्यमा छन्दप्रयोग {Chandprayoga in the Ritambhara epic}
Authors: दहाल Dahal भूमिप्रसाद Bhumiprasad
Published: March 2024

प्रस्तुत अध्ययनमा महाकवि मोहनप्रसाद भण्डारीद्वारा रचित ऋतम्भरा महाकाव्यमा प्रयोग गरिएका छन्दहरूको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यस क्रममा कविको परिचय र महाकाव्यको विषयवस्तुमा समान्य प्रवेश गरी प्रयोग गरिएका छन्दहरूको बारेमा अध्ययन र चर्चा गरिएको छ । यस सन्दर्भमा छन्दशास्त्रको पृष्ठभूमि, ऋतम्भरा महाकाव्यमा प्रयोग गरिएका छन्द, तिनको लक्षण र यसै महाकाव्यबाट उदाहरणहरू दिँदै प्रयोग भएका छन्दहरूको गणना गर्दा यसमा मालिनी, तोटक, शालिनी, मल्लिका, मन्दाक्रन्ता, वसन्ततिलका, द्रुतविलम्वित, अनुष्टुप्, शिखरिणी, पञ्चचामर, स्रग्धरा, स्रग्विणी, भुजङ्गप्रयात, उपजाति, वियोगिनी, शार्दूृलविक्रीडित, वंशस्थ (वंशस्थ+इन्द्रवंशा), विजया, भुजङ्गसङ्गता, कामदा, शशिवदना, इन्द्रवंशा, चामर, रथोद्घता, संयुता, उपेन्द्रवज्रा, चम्पकमाला, स्वागता र अभिनवतामरसा गरी २९ वटा छन्द पाइएका छन् । यति धेरै छन्दहरूको सहज प्रयोगले छन्दप्रयोगका दृष्टिले ऋतम्भरा महाकाव्यले धेरै कुरामा समानता राख्तै खास गरेर छन्द–प्रयोगमा शाकुन्तलीय मार्ग र प्रविधि अँगालेको देखिन्छ भन्ने निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ । वि.सं. २०७३ सालमा प्रकाशित ऋतम्भरा महाकाव्य मूलरूपमा पूर्वीय चिन्तन, धर्मदर्शन, बौद्धिक चेतना, कलाचेतना आदिको अनुशीलनबाट नै मानवसमाज सुखी र सम्पन्न बन्न सक्छ भन्ने दार्शनिक चिन्तनमा आधारित देखिन्छ । यो महाकाव्य पूर्वीय र पाश्चात्य क्षेत्रलाई जोडेर विश्व भूगोल, जलसम्पदा र प्राकृतिक सम्पदालाई एकीकृत गरी नेपाली काव्यवाटिकामा सिर्जनाको नयाँ स्वरूप ल्याउने महाकाव्य पनि पाइन्छ । यसको सिर्जना आद्योपान्त छन्दोबद्ध कवितामा भएकाले छन्दविधानका दृष्टिले यो अनुशीलनयोग्य देखिन्छ । छन्दमा साङ्गीतिकता, श्रुतिमधुरता तथा वर्ण र मात्राको क्रमबद्ध श्रृङ्खला रहने हुँदा काव्यपरम्परकमा यसको विशिष्ट भूमिका रहिआएको छ । ऋतम्भरा महाकाव्यमा पनि छन्दकविताको निरन्तरता देखिएको हुँदा यसको छन्दप्रयोग हेर्नु यस लेखको मूल अभिप्राय रहेको छ । यसका लागि ऋतम्भरा नै प्राथमिक सामग्री रहेको छ । यस महाकाव्यका सन्दर्भमा आएका भूमिका, लेखकीय आदिलाई र छन्दको विवेचनासम्बन्धी पादटिप्पणीमा राखिएका सामग्रीलाई द्वितीयक सामग्रीमा लिइएको छ । विषको विश्लेषण गर्दा गणसूत्रका आधारमा महाकाव्यमा रहेका भिन्नभिन्न छन्दहरूको पहिचान गरी कुनै एक छन्दका लागि कुनै एक चतुष्पदी पद्य महाकाव्यबाटै लिएर विषयशीर्षकलाई वर्णनात्मक, व्याख्यात्मक र विश्लेषणात्मक विधिको प्रयोग गरी अर्थापन विधिद्वारा यस लेखमा प्रयुक्त सारको निरूपण गरिएको छ ।
Tobacco use and its associated factors among Bachelor’s level public health students of Koshi Province
Authors: Guragain Parth , Niraula Aarju , Kafle Tara , Bhagat Baby , Agrawal Hulas
Published: March 2024

Background: Tobacco is a pressing global public health issue, contributing significantly to widespread illness and mortality. All forms of tobacco consumption have adverse effects on well-being, resulting in millions of deaths each year. Whether through smoking, smokeless methods, or exposure to secondhand smoke, it is associated with various health complications, including cardiovascular diseases, respiratory disorders, diverse cancers, non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and more. The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control underscores the pivotal role of healthcare practitioners like doctors, dentists, nurses, pharmacists, and optometrists in aiding individuals to quit or preventing tobacco usage through concise counseling or straightforward advice. Providing cessation training to aspiring health professionals could be a pivotal stride towards advancing tobacco control endeavors.
Methods: This study employed a descriptive, cross-sectional design to investigate the perspectives of public health students regarding global health issues. Bachelor’s level public health students of Koshi Province were administered the Global Health Professional Student Survey (GHPSS), a validated instrument designed to assess prevalence, attitudes, and behaviors related to tobacco use and control. Data collection took place over a specified time frame, with participants providing responses anonymously. Statistical analyses using SPSS 20 employed to derive meaningful insights into the tobacco consumption habits of public health students.
Results: Out of the participants, 14.1% were identified as current smokers. A significant portion (27.6%) had experimented with cigarettes at some point, with the majority initiating cigarette smoking between the ages of 11 and 19 years. In terms of current usage of alternative tobacco products, 8.2% reported ongoing use, while 9.4% had tried them at least once. Male respondents exhibited a 9.05 times higher likelihood of smoking compared to their female counterparts. Furthermore, individuals with friends who engaged in tobacco smoking were 4.02 times more inclined to smoke than those whose friends did not have this habit.
Conclusion: The research revealed a 14.1% prevalence of current smoking among bachelor level public health students in Koshi Province. As future leaders in health planning and administration, it is imperative for these students to grasp the comprehensive implications of smoking on physical, mental, and societal well-being. To achieve this, academia, healthcare, and policymaking sectors should work in tandem to create an environment that fosters enhanced learning for current public health students. This collaborative effort holds the potential to significantly reduce smoking rates in society.
Representation of Forest in the Poems of Jacinta Kerketta: An Ecocritical Perspective
Authors: Malwika
Published: March 2024

Forest has often been employed as imagined spaces in narratives of various kinds and different cultures. Literature of any culture is an expression of its cultural attitudes, values, and beliefs.  The non-human world is a significant part of human life and culture. However, a dualistic approach treating nature and culture as binary opposites has become prevalent in modern times. This approach is inherently flawed and leads to a discourse stripping nature of its agency. Jacinta Kerketta belongs to one of the important tribes, inhabiting the Chota Nagpur plateau of the Indian subcontinent and its adjoining regions, named the Oraon tribe. Her poems present a discourse of tribal worldview where humans identify themselves with the non-human world surrounding them. This biocentric identification with one’s environment is important as we are part of various ecosystems. The paper seeks to highlight the same with the help of select verses along with the analysis of the representation of forest from various perspectives. It also foregrounds the various contemporary issues prevalent in tribal societies like deforestation, cultural amnesia, etc., and presents a critique of capitalism. The paper employs an ecocritical theoretical framework for the analysis of the select poems from her two Poetry Collections titled Angor (2016) and Land of the Roots (2018)
Traumatic Healing Responsiveness in Frost’s “Birches”
Authors: Pokharel Bishnu Prasad
Published: March 2024

Robert Frost’s poem “Birches” raises the issue of nature conservation to disengage mankind from the humdrum of the mundane world, advocating a symbiotic world that encompasses trivial and sublime things of the world. Frost's concern for wildlife conservation aims at providing a sanctuary for all people who are struggling against the onslaught of socio-economic challenges, family predicaments, and the inescapable effects of social media. This article argues that the turbulent mind does not work for the supportable advancement of humanity; Frost’s poem is a plea for a return to the pristine glory of nature as a healing agent for the miseries and dismays perpetrated on human beings by modern civilization. The poet appeals to the public apprehension for the benefit of the human race through verse. Using the ecocritical lens, this paper engages the qualitative research methodology to analyze the poem. The interpretation is based on the data pooled from secondary sources by reviewing the literature existing in the paradigm of eco-critical theory.  Critical readings are based on the concept that nature is tantamount to spiritual therapy providing emotional alliance with it. This study incorporates critics' versions, text, and reference books as the sources to justify the argument. It contributes to the development of ecological cognizance for nature preservation that in turn provisions for reducing the psychological trauma among the modern people. The findings support the policy designers to take effective steps to reduce the damaging facets and provision to plan for sustainable development.
For a New Form of Forest Living in Future Literature
Authors: Gopaul Sooshilla
Published: March 2024

Building on Arjun Appadurai’s scheme of the imagined world of scapes, I propose an entry into his ethnoscape to foster a new form of forest living in literature. Appadurai’s ethnoscape, just like his technoscape, can be physically present as different enterprises in different parts of the planet Earth but they all form one entity. Similarly, we may have forests in different parts of the world but they can be considered as one entity. I put forward the idea that in a new form of forest literature, we use acquired knowledge and experience but also devise new strategies. Thus, we will not repeat mistakes the Anthropocene has committed but use what it has achieved so far. In this paper, I refrain from using a messianic approach.  Basing myself on the trend that 21st-century Literature is taking I suggest: first that Magic Realism be brought in; secondly, we retrieve Goddess Aranyani from the Rig Veda and the mood of experiencing the joys of expectancy from the Mullai forest found in Sangam literature; thirdly, as a new element, we weave in the principle of homeostasis in nature. As far as perspectives are concerned I recommend the cosmopolitan ones with strong undertones of the personal voice as used by the two recent Nobel Prize Winners for literature. I bring in   Jojo Moyes’s novel The Giver of Stars to support my plea for a new form of the forest living in literature.
Classroom Dynamics in the Foreign Language Classroom
Authors: Bohara Lal Bahadur
Published: March 2024

To have the purpose for exploring the classroom dynamics of foreign language teachers and students, the researcher had conducted the comprehensive field study. Both teachers and students are supposed as the individually different personalities with respect to their sociocultural background, behaviors, interests, attitudes and so forth. Well consideration of classroom context and culture might ensure the betterment of the students. It might be more essential in the rural classroom where the situation of foreign language teaching is said to be challengeable. For this research study, 2 teachers and 10 students were selected purposively. Later on, the information was collected through in-depth interview and class observation; and analyzed them after all.

After the analysis and interpretation of the information, it was found that because of being the teachers demotivated, the classroom dynamics had been poorly understood and exercised, consequently, the students were disappointed. Hopefully, the finding might be helpful for foreign language teachers, teacher-educators, school supervisors and students as well.
बालकृष्ण समको नाट्ययोगदानको मूल्याङ्कन {An assessment of Balakrishna Sama's theatrical contribution}
Authors: थापा Thapa अशोक Ashok
Published: March 2024

प्रस्तुत लेख नाटककार बालकृष्ण समको नाट्ययोगदानको अध्ययनमा आधारित रहेको छ । यस लेखमा नाटककार बालकृष्ण समको नाट्ययोगदानलाई विभिन्न आधारमा विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यस क्रममा ऐतिहासिकता, गुणात्मकता, परिमाणात्मकता र प्रकारात्मकतालाई आधार बनाइएको छ । प्रस्तुत लेखमा यी विभिन्न आधारअन्तर्गत रहेर समका नाटकको अध्ययन गरिएको छ । वस्तुतः प्रस्तुत लेख गुणात्मक अध्ययन विधिमा आधारित रहेको छ । यस लेखको तयारीका क्रममा पुस्तकालयीय अध्ययन विधिको प्रयोग गरिएको छ । यसअन्तर्गत सोद्देश्यमूलक तरिकाले समका नाटकहरुको सङ्कलन गरिएको छ र आवश्यक तथ्य अध्याहार गरिएको छ । प्रस्तुत अध्ययनका क्रममा प्राप्त तथ्यलाई व्याख्यात्मक तथा विश्लेषणात्मक तरिकालेप्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । प्रस्तुत लेख नाटककार बालकृष्ण सम, समको नाट्यकारिता र समले नेपाली नाट्यजगत्मा पु¥याएको योगदानबारे अध्यापनरत शिक्षक, अध्ययनरत विद्यार्थी एवम् अनुसन्धानरत शोधार्थी सबैका लागि उपयोगी हुने अपेक्षा गरिएको छ ।
Disparity, Empowerment and Female English Language Teacher in Higher Education Context in Bangladesh: A Narrative Inquiry
Authors: Akther Kohinoor
Published: March 2024

The existing literature while highlighting learner empowerment, carefully gives less attention to the fact of empowering female teachers in adult English language teaching context. In most contexts worldwide teaching foreign languages is a feminine job (Ortiz &Serrano, 2020; Bashiruddin, 2018; Kollmayer et.al., 2020; Tindowen, 2019), and that mostly remains at a disadvantaged position as she works ‘within a network of power relations’. Hence it is very essential to scrutinize and understand the micro-dynamics of the female teacher’s journey of sense-making and her employment of coping strategies at the time and point of professional disempowerment. This in-depth narrative inquiry tries to investigate the issues that support a female teacher in empowering herself in professional landscapes. In this regard, I used the narrative inquiry research design and exploited semi-structured interviews with six female teachers to generate data to show how female teachers struggle(d) to achieve parity to empower themselves and their learners. Fraser’s (2008; 2009; 2012) notion of ‘participatory parity’ was used here as the theoretical ground to analyze the findings that empowerment is a theory of social change. The result has come out with the view that any attempt at school reform should be synonymous with the most active models of female teacher empowerment to advance student achievement, collegiality, and professional learning. This study thus contributes to the empowerment literature of female English language teachers in the higher education context.
सहिद कथाको परिवेशविधान {Sahid Kathako Pariveshbidhan}
Authors: पन्त Panta पार्वती Parbati
Published: March 2024

प्रस्तुत लेखमा कथाकार गुरुप्रसाद मैनाली प्रणीत ‘सहिद’ कथाको परिवेशको अध्ययन गरिएको छ । सामाजिक, आर्थिक तथा राजनीतिक समस्यालाई मुख्य विषयवस्तु बनाएर लेखिएको यस कथामा स्थानगत, समयगत र वातावरणगत परिवेशको खोजी गर्ने प्रयोजनमा यो लेख केन्द्रित छ । यसका लागि कथाका मुख्य तŒवहरूमध्ये परिवेशलाई सैद्धान्तिक अवधारणाका रूपमा उपयोग गरिएको छ । प्रस्तुत अध्ययनलाई गुणात्मक अनुसन्धान ढाँचा र विश्लेषणात्मक विधि अवलम्बन गरी निष्कर्षमा पु¥याइएको छ । यस अध्ययनमा कथाकारले कथामा प्रस्तुत गरिएका घटना र पात्रले कार्यव्यापार गरेका ठाउँ, समय र वातावरणसम्बद्ध भएर आएका उद्धरणका आधारमा कथाको परिवेशविधानलाई विश्लेषण गरी निष्कर्षमा पुगिएको छ । प्रस्तुत कथामा स्थानिक परिवेशका रूपमा नेपालभन्दा बाहिरको सहरिया परिवेशको चित्रण भएको छ । प्रमुख कार्य स्थलका रूपमा छिमेकी राज्य भारतको शिक्षा, स्वास्थ र यातायातको सुविधा भएको सहरलाई प्रस्तुत गरेको छ भने गौण कार्य स्थलका रूपमा गायरखपुरको रेल स्टेसन, सरकारी सेना र मुक्ति सेनाका बिच युद्ध भएको कोसी किनारको स्थान रहेका छन् । सूच्य परिवेशका रूपमा नेपाली ग्रामीण क्षेत्र पनि आएको छ । ऐतिहासिक समयसम्बद्ध घटनालाई कथामा प्रस्तुत गरेका कथाकारले कथाकालका रूपमा साढे चार महिनाको अवधिलाई कथ्यमा समेटेका छन् । बाह्यवातावरणगत परिेवेशका रूपमा राणकालीन सत्ता र सत्ताको आडमा समाजका अन्तर्तहसम्म विस्तार भएको सामाजिक विभेद, अशिक्षा, राजनीतिक निरङ्कुशता तथा आन्तरिक वातावरणका रूपमा सामान्य र विशिष्ट चित्तवृत्तिपरक वातावरणका माध्यमबाट कथाको संरचनालाई पूर्णता प्रदान गरेका छन् ।
Gold Extraction Process with Base-Case Sample and Aachen Assisted Leaching (AAL) using Running Aachen at The Mineral And Coal Testing Center Tekmira, Bandung Jawa Barat
Authors: Brilian Oktavio Yorris , Wahyuningsih Tri
Published: March 2024

The Center for Mineral and Coal Testing is an institution that works in the field of research services on mining and mineral processing. In the mineral processing research currently being carried out there is a research project related to increasing the efficiency of the leaching process using the Aachen Reactor. The samples used in this research were refractory gold samples. The problem of reducing the effectiveness of gold leaching is that there are minerals that are still included in the associated minerals, therefore a pre-treatment process is needed to remove these associated minerals. The Aachen reactor will help increase the efficiency of the leaching process by increasing Dissolve Oxygen levels to 30 ppm. In this study, two samples were used for comparison, namely the Pre-Ox sample and the Aachen Assisted Leaching (AAL) sample.
A Survey-Based Approach to Streamlining Nursing Documentation Practices at Hospital Settings
Authors: Idris Iszaid bin
Published: March 2024

Introduction: The meticulous recording of patient inf ormation not only f acilitates communication among healthcare providers but also plays a crucial role in maintaining patient saf ety. The manual nature of charting poses a risk of errors and can be time-consuming f or nurses. Objective: The study aim to explore the perspective of nursing observational charts practice at Pahang’s government hospitals in 2023.Method: This is a cross-sectional survey conducted among nurses across various hospitals in 2-monthduration. Af terrandomisation, nurses meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. Descriptive and inf erential statistics were computed to analyse the data. Result: A total of 582 nurses responded, the study f ound on average, 8.1 ± 2.7 SD standard charts were required during admission, and 3.0 ± 1.9 SD additional charts may required to supplement the standard charts per patient.Discussion: The study revealed that the adoption of a combined chart was associated with a 2.2 times improvement in the ease of nursing documentation practices.Conclusion: Having all relevant inf ormation in one place could reduce the need f or nurses to navigate through multiple f orms.
Knowledge, Skills, and Ability on SME Performance: A Systematic Literature Review Authors Dorris Yadewani
Authors: Yadewani Dorris , Durai Pandi Oyyapan , Rahayu Silvia
Published: March 2024

The quantity of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises determine job creation and earnings equality in alongside the economy's expansion. However, SMEs confront several challenges, one of which is a lack of human resource (HR) skill sets, in particular, capacities, qualifications, as well as expertise. Studies on the factors influencing the performance of small and medium-sized businesses that focus on knowledge, skills, and talents are relatively uncommon in the literature. Therefore, the primary objective of the present investigation seeks to figure out the elements, where its focus on understanding, expertise, along with abilities that promote smaller and medium-sized the company's sustainability. This study is based on the incorporation of multiple research methodologies and reviews based on publication standards, specifically ROSES (Reporting Standards for Systematic Evidence Synthesis). To choose articles, two superior databases, Dimensions and Core, as well as one supporting database, Google Scholar, are used. This review has identified 14 major topics based on the thematic analysis used. With a concentration on expertise, abilities, and knowledge, this research project offers tremendously to our existing awareness of what factors are underlying the profitability of small and medium-sized enterprises. The discoveries highlight that relatively little study is currently conducted regarding employee expertise in businesses of all sizes, focuses on knowledge, skills, and abilities in performance. It additionally aids to clarify the integral part human capital competences serve towards enhancing the operational efficiency of medium- and small-sized companies.
Successful treatment of unilateral facial nerve palsy in a pediatric patient with syringobulbia and Chiari malformation type I: illustrative case
Authors: Sherlock Daniel , Brown Nolan J , Chan Alvin Y , Campos Jessica K , Olaya Joffre
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Unlike syringomyelia, syringobulbia is not commonly observed in pediatric patients with Chiari malformation type I (CMI). Previous series have reported the incidence of syringobulbia as between 3% and 4% in these patients. Presentation is typically chronic, with the slow onset of neurological symptoms and cranial nerve (CN) palsies resulting from lower brainstem involvement. The authors report the first case of a pediatric patient with simultaneous CMI, syringobulbia, and unilateral CN VII palsy.

OBSERVATIONS

A 7-year-old male presented with right facial weakness in addition to headaches, ataxia, urinary incontinence, and falls. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed CMI with a syrinx of the cervicothoracic spine and syringobulbia. Posterior fossa decompression with duraplasty was performed without complications, and the patient was discharged home on postoperation day 5. At the 3-week follow-up, the patient’s neurological deficits had largely subsided. At the 3-month follow-up, his CN VII palsy and syringobulbia had completely resolved.

LESSONS

Pediatric CMI patients with syringomyelia are at risk for developing syringobulbia and brainstem deficits, including unilateral facial palsy. However, craniocervical decompression can prove successful in treating such deficits.
Rare variant of large pediatric glioneuronal tumor with novel MYO5A::NTRK3 fusion: illustrative case
Authors: Chenoweth David , Syed Hashim , Teferi Nahom , Challa Meron , Persons Jane E , Eschbacher Kathryn L , Seblani Maggie , Dlouhy Brian J
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Glioneuronal tumors (GNTs) comprise a rare class of central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms with varying degrees of neuronal and glial differentiation that predominately affect children and young adults. Within the current 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of CNS tumors, GNTs encompass 14 distinct tumor types. Recently, the use of whole-genome DNA methylation profiling has allowed more precise classification of this tumor group.

OBSERVATIONS

A 3-year-old male presented with a 3-month history of increasing head circumference, regression of developmental milestones, and speech delay. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was notable for a large left hemispheric multiseptated mass with significant mass effect and midline shift that was treated with near-total resection. Histological and molecular assessment demonstrated a glioneuronal tumor harboring an MYO5A::NTRK3 fusion. By DNA methylation profiling, this tumor matched to a provisional methylation class known as “glioneuronal tumor kinase-fused” (GNT kinase-fused). The patient was later started on targeted therapy with larotrectinib.

LESSONS

This is the first report of an MYO5A::NTRK3 fusion in a pediatric GNT. GNT kinase-fused is a provisional methylation class not currently included in the WHO classification of CNS tumors. This case highlights the impact of thorough molecular characterization of CNS tumors, especially with the increasing availability of novel gene targeting therapies.
Rapid presentation of a de novo intracranial aneurysm: illustrative case
Authors: Diaz Anthony , Shin Jimin , Bulsara Ketan R
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Intracranial aneurysms are prevalent, particularly with advancing age. De novo aneurysms, occurring independently from the initial lesion, pose a unique challenge because of their unpredictable nature. Although risk factors such as female sex, smoking history, and hypertension have been proposed, the mechanisms underlying de novo aneurysm development remain unclear.

OBSERVATIONS

A 79-year-old female developed a de novo saccular aneurysm within a year after management of a ruptured vertebral artery dissecting aneurysm. Her complex clinical course involved subarachnoid hemorrhage with diffuse vasospasm, stent occlusion of a dissecting aneurysm, discovery of a right 7- to 8-mm de novo middle cerebral artery aneurysm at the 1-year magnetic resonance angiography follow-up, and successful coil embolization.

LESSONS

This rare occurrence challenges established timelines, as most de novo aneurysms manifest over a longer interval. Studies have attempted to identify risk factors, yet consensus remains elusive, particularly regarding the influence of treatment modality on de novo formation rates.

This unique case urges reconsideration of posttreatment surveillance protocols, proposing shorter intervals for imaging and more vigilant follow-up strategies to detect asymptomatic de novo aneurysms. Timelier identification could significantly impact patient outcomes by averting potential ruptures. This emphasizes the need for further research to delineate effective monitoring and preventive measures for these enigmatic lesions.
Successful surgical management of a superior cerebellar artery aneurysm in a patient with Marfan syndrome: illustrative case
Authors: Liu Fangjun , Hu Mengqing , Ruan Daling , Ruan Xiaoling , Lei Ting , Shi Xiang’en
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Marfan syndrome, a connective tissue disorder, poses unique challenges in neurosurgery, given the fragility of vascular structures. Superior cerebellar artery (SCA) aneurysms in patients with the syndrome are rare and present distinct surgical difficulties, necessitating innovative approaches.

OBSERVATIONS

A 29-year-old male with Marfan syndrome presented with a subarachnoid hemorrhage from a ruptured SCA aneurysm. Given the lack of a defined aneurysm neck and the small diameter of the SCA, standard clipping and endovascular therapies were unsuitable. A microsurgical approach using microsutures was successfully employed, effectively managing the aneurysm while preserving the parent artery.

LESSONS

This case underscores the efficacy of the microsuture technique in complex neurosurgical scenarios, particularly in patients with connective tissue disorders such as Marfan syndrome. The adaptability of surgical strategies, as demonstrated in this case, is crucial for achieving successful outcomes in patients with unique anatomical challenges.
Optimising Religious Education in Poland in the Age of Secularisation
Authors: Mąkosa Paweł
Published: March 2024

The dynamic secularisation of Polish young people and the fact that many of them are opt­ing out of religious classes prompts a critical analysis of the current model of Religious Education and the development of proposals that respond to contemporary socio-cultural challenges. In others words this article will seek to outline potential directions for modifying the current Religious Education model intended for secondary school students in Poland. This paper attempts to provide a synthetic answer to the following questions: Why is Religious Education in secondary schools today not leading to the expected results? What elements of it are inadequate for contemporary conditions? What should the model of Religious Education for young people look like in the context of a decline in religiousness? Where and how should catechesis be provided? This paper contributes to the discussion on the shape of Religious Education for young people in a changing society.
THE CONTENT OF RESIDUAL NITROGEN IN RATS’ BLOOD PLASMA UNDER THE CONDITIONS
OF TOXIC DAMAGE ON THE BACKGROUND OF ALIMENTARY PROTEIN DEPRIVATION
Authors: Kopylchuk H. , Nykolaichuk I. , Moskalyk G.
Published: March 2024

In the present study, the residual nitrogen content in the blood plasma of rats under the conditions of toxic damage on the
background of alimentary protein deficiency is presented. The following biochemical indicators: total residual nitrogen; free
amino nitrogen content; urea nitrogen concentration; ammonia nitrogen concentration was studied in the blood plasma of
rats under the experimental conditions. During the experiment, the experimental animals consumed a semi-synthetic diet in
accordance with the recommendations of the American Institute of Nutrition. In order to model the alimentary protein deprivation
rats received a low-protein diet daily for 28 days, which contained 1/3 of the generally accepted daily requirement of
protein. After four weeks of keeping animals on an experimental diet, acute toxic damage with acetaminophen was modelled.
The toxin was administered at 1250 mg/kg of animal weight as a suspension in a 2% solution of starch gel once a day for 2
days using a special probe. The residual blood nitrogen content was determined in the protein-free filtrate after the precipitation
of plasma proteins with Nessler's reagent. Determination of free amino nitrogen content in blood plasma was carried out
by the Uzbek method according to the intensity of staining, which was formed due to the interaction of amino acids of blood
plasma with ninhydrin. Determination of ammonia nitrogen content in blood plasma was evaluated by the interaction of ammonium
ions with formaldehyde by the formation of hexamethylenetetraamine (urotropin). It was established that the increase
in residual nitrogen content in the blood plasma of rats under the conditions of toxic damage on the background of alimentary
protein deprivation is due to increased concentrations of its components - nitrogen of free amino acids and ammonia nitrogen.
This indicates an increase in protein catabolism and disruption of ammonia neutralization mechanisms and the development
of hyperammonemia. The defect of ornithine cycle enzymes and secondary liver damage by medicinal xenobiotics can
be the causes of hyperammonemia. At the same time, under the conditions of acetaminophen-induced damage on the background
of alimentary protein deficiency, a decrease in urea nitrogen content will be, which reflects a decrease in ureasynthesizing
function of the liver.
PENERAPAN MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN MENULIS TEKS BIOGRAFI PADA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS X.B SMAN 10 KOTA BOGOR TAHUN PELAJARAN 2022-2023
Authors: Elisabeth Margareth , Thalita Stella , Dahniar Lusi
Published: March 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini, yaitu untuk meningkatkan keterampilan menulis teks biografi pada peserta didik di kelas X.B SMAN 10 Kota Bogor tahun pelajaran 2022-2023 dengan menggunakan model Problem Based Learning. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang berlangsung selama 3 tahap, terdiri dari prasiklus, siklus I, dan siklus II. Di dalam penelitian ini peserta didik kelas X.B di SMAN 10 Kota Bogor dengan jumlah 35 orang sebagai subjek penelitian. Teknik utama yang dilaksanakan untuk mengumpulkan data dalam penelitian ini, yaitu tes dan angket, sedangkan teknik pendukungnya dengan menggunakan dokumentasi. Setelah melaksanakan 3 tahap dalam penelitian maka, peneliti mendapatkan hasil yang diinginkan, yaitu peningkatan keterampilan menulis teks biografi di kelas X.B menggunakan model Problem Based Learning. Peningkatan itu sendiri dapat dilihat bahwa pada tahap prasiklus peserta didik kelas X.B mendapat nilai rata-rata keterampilan menulis teks biografi 46,02, lalu tahap siklus satu terdapat peningkatan, yaitu 59,57, kemudian pada tahap akhir atau siklus dua terjadi peningkatkan yang signifikan dan memuaskan sebesar 89,54. Dengn demikian, dari paparan tersebut disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan model Problem Based Learning dalam pembelajaran dapat meningkatkan keterampilan menulis teks biografi pada peserta didik kelas X.B di SMAN 10 Kota Bogor.
النظام السياسي والحياة البرلمانية في إيران للأعوام 1979-1996
Authors: Akar Wisam Hadi
Published: March 2024

أعتمد النظام السياسي في إيران بعد الثورة الإسلامية عام 1979، على عمل أربع سلطات رئيسة تشكل بموجبها النظام السياسي. كانت أولى تلك السلطات(الولي الفقيه)،أما السلطات الأخرى فهي(التشريعية، والتنفيذية، والقضائية). تتكون السلطة التشريعية في نظام الجمهورية الإسلامية الإيرانية من مؤسستين هما:(مجلس الشورى الإسلامي)، و(مجلس صيانة الدستور).وسيقتصر بحثنا على أبراز دور(مجلس الشورى الإسلامي)،لأنه يمثل البرلمان.أما(مجلس صيانة الدستور) فأن الهدف منه ضمان مطابقة ما يصادق عليه مجلس الشورى الإسلامي مع الأحكام الإسلامية والدستور. ركّز البحث على النظام السياسي والحياة البرلمانية في إيران(1979-1996)، وعليه فقد قسّم على أربعة محاور أساسية. تطرق الأول منها إلى لمحة موجزة عن النظام السياسي الإيراني بعد الثورة الإسلامية عام1979. ودرس المحور الثاني السلطة التشريعية، تحديداً صلاحيات (مجلس الشورى الإسلامي). في حين تناول المحور الثالث أهم الأحزاب والتيارات السياسية في إيران ودورها في النظام السياسي والحياة البرلمانية الإيرانية، ولاسيما (الحزب الجمهوري الإسلامي)، أما المحور الأخير فقد أوجزنا فيه أعمال الدورات الانتخابية منذ عام 1980 وحتى عام 1996 وركزّنا بشكل دقيق على الدورة الأخيرة لأنها أفرزت وصول (التيار الإصلاحي)،الذي كان له دور في دعم مرشحهم لرئاسة الجمهورية محمد خاتمي ولدورتين متتاليتين.
نظرية صفوف الانتظار وتطبيقها في موانئ المملكة العربية السعودية
Authors: Al-Jubouri Shurooq Naeem Jasim
Published: March 2024

يمتاز الموقع الجغرافي للمملكة العربية السعودية بأطلالة بحرية مهمة ، تتمثل بموقعها على جبهتين بحريتين مهمتين هما الخليج العربي ، والبحر الاحمر، مما ادى الى أنتشار الموانئ على سواحلهما وهذا الأمر أعطى الفرصة للمملكة لان تكون أهم طريق عالمي يربط بين الشرق والغرب، يتمثل بموقعه ذي المنفذ الشمالي (قناة السويس) والجنوبي (مضيق باب المندب). فضلاً عن أهمية الظهير المجاور له، إذ يضم نشاطات أقتصادية متعددة ، مما أدى الى تخصص( الموانئ) فبعضها في وظيفة محددة كأن تكون تجارية ، أو مخصصة لتصدير المنتجات الصناعية مثل البتروكيمياويات ، ومنتجات النفط ، والأسمدة الكيمياوية والكبريت .

وأتضح من تطبيق نظرية صفوف الانتظار(الارتال) على الموانئ السعودية ، أن الكفاءة التشغيلية مختلفة ومتباينة من ميناء لآخر بحسب مساحة الميناء ومخازنه، وطاقته التصميمية فضلاً عما يمتلكه كل ميناء من الآلات والمعدات التي تعمل على تقليص الوقت في أثناء عمليات الشحن والتفريغ، ومن نتائج تطبيق النظرية ما يأتي:

سجل مينائي رأس الخير وجازان أقل وقت في عمليات الشحن والتفريغ بالنسبة الى (زمن وصول السفينة، تقديم الخدمة، مرور السفن، عدد السفن المنتظرة في النظام (LS) وفي الصف (LQ) ، وقت الانتظار المتوقع في النظام(WS) وفي الصف (WQ)، بينما سجل مينائي جدة الاسلامي والملك عبد العزيز أعلى معدل لما ذكر آنفاً ، وذلك لكبر حجم السفن التجارية المترددة على هذين المينائين لأن لهما مكانة متميزة في النشاط البحري التجاري للمملكة العربية السعودية .
النتاج البحثي في القسم الأم لعلم الاجتماع في العراق
Authors: Hantoosh sachit Khalid
Published: March 2024

منذ تأسيس الدراسات العليا في قسم علم الاجتماع الام على يد الرعيل الاول من اساتذة القسم عام 1972 والى الان لم يتجرأ احد على القيام بدراسة تحليلية- تقويمية لما تم اناجه خلال هذه المدة التي وصلت لـ48 سنة وبواقع 608 رسالة ماجستير واطروحه دكتوراه , لذا فأن الباحث يحاول في هذا البحث تقديم رؤية تحليلة كمية لما انتج من خلال البدأ بصفحة العنوان ويستمر بسائر اجزاء الدراسة في بحوث لاحقة ومعتمدا على المنهج الاحصائي واضعا امامه هدف اساسي وهو مراجعة ما انتج ومستعينا بمؤشرات احصائية بسيطة لاتمام عملية التحليل هذه , وقد طبق دراسته على كل ما انتج خلال هذه المدة واستخرج (19) جدولا في مسيرته التحليلية لصفحة العنوان واكتشف خلالها العديد من الاشكالات وتوصل الى العديد من النتائج لعل اهمها :-

1-ان هناك زيادة سنوية في كم ما ينتج من رسائل واطاريح تتفاوت حسب السنين وبواقع (53.29%) كل مدة عشر سنين والسؤال الذي يُطرَح هنا هل هناك زيادة او تحسن في نوعية ما يكتب كل سنة تقابل ولو نسبيا الزيادة الكمية.

2-هناك تفاوت في نسب القبول في الدراسات العليا في القسم يميل لصالح الذكور وهذا التفاوت بين الجنسين يستمر طوال الست والاربعين سنة الماضية من عمر القسم في ميلان دائم لصالح الذكور مع عدم التأشير على وجود تمييز جندري ضد الانثى في نظام القبول .

3-الدراسات الميدانية في القسم لها الغلبة على الدراسات التحليلية في بحوث الدراسات العليا في القسم مع تفاوت في نسبة الدراسات التحليلية بين مرحلتي الماجستير والدكتوراه وهي تميل لصالح الدكتوراه.

4-ان  موضوعات الدراسات العليا في القسم تتفاوت في تخصصاتها من تركيز على موضوعات واهمال موضوعات اخرى مما يكشف عن عدم وجود خطة / رؤية واضحة لتطوير علم الاجتماع في العراق.

5-ان العدد المثالي لكلمات الاطروحة او الرسالة هو ما يقرب من (9) كلمات وبواقع وسط حسابي (8.7) وانحراف معياري (3.208) علما الوسط الحسابي لعدد كلمات الاطاريح هو (8.51) كلمة ورسائل الماجستير هو (8.81) كلمة.

6-هناك توزيع جغرافي غير متوازن لاماكن الدراسة الميدانية للبحوث في القسم  اذ ان هناك تركيزاً على مدينة بغداد واهمال لمناطق اخرى من العراق ما يكشف عن عدم وجود خطط لدراسة العراق اجتماعيا .

وقد قدم الباحث العديد من التوصيات والمقترحات ووفر في نهاية البحث قائمة بكل عنوانات الرسائل والاطاريح ليستفاد منها الباحثون الاخرون .
الفتن, ومواجهتها في ضوء الفكر الإسلامي
Authors: Mahdi Saleh Yasein
Published: March 2024

الحمد لله وكفى, والصلاة والسلام على عباده الذين اصطفى , كان  يستعيذ بالله من الفتن قائلا:(اللهم إني أعوذ بك من عذاب جهنم، ومن عذاب القبر، ومن فتنة المحيا والممات، ومن شر فتنة المسيح الدجال) والفتن التي يتعرض لها الإنسان هي ابتلاء واختبار من اللَّه سبحانه، لا لتعذيبه وإيذائه بل ليطهره من الشوائب الدخيلة ويصفيه ويجعله خالصا, كذلك المؤمن يعرضه ربه للشدائد ليصفو ويزكو وتتطهر نفسه وتخلص للَّه تعالى ليكون أهلًا للاستخلاف في الأرض, قال تعالى )أَحَسِبَ النَّاسُ أَنْ يُتْرَكُوا أَنْ يَقُولُوا آمَنَّا وَهُمْ لَا يُفْتَنُونَ. وَلَقَدْ فَتَنَّا الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ فَلَيَعْلَمَنَّ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ صَدَقُوا وَلَيَعْلَمَنَّ الْكَاذِبِينَ(.

   وتكمن أهمية الموضوع من امر الله تعالى لعباده المؤمنين: { واتقوا فتنة لا تصيبن الذين ظلموا منكم خاصة }.

   وقول حذيفة بن اليمان tفي تبريره لكثرة اهتمامه بسؤال النبي r عن الفتن قائلاً:( كان الناس يسألون رسول الله r عن الخير، وكنت أسأله عن الشر مخافة أن يدركني).

  ولكثرة الفتن في زماننا , وصعوبة تمييزها, والتوقي منها واشدها الهرج والقتل فقد جاء البحث ليلبي حاجة ماسة في حياة المسلم المعاصر.  

    فبدآ البحث بالتعريف بالفتن لغة واصطلاحا وبيان كثرة مدلولاتها اللغوية في الكتاب والسنة, وهو ما اشتمل عليه المطلب الاول, اما المطلب الثاني فقد جعلته لبيان مراتب الفتن وانها ليست بدرجة واحدة في الحجم والاهمية والشمول, واما المطلب الثالث فقد جاء بعنوان انواع الفتن وان منها فتن عامة ومنها خاصة فالعامة تعم جميع الناس في كل مكان وزمان, والخاصة هي التي تكون قرب الساعة, واما المطلب الرابع فيتكلم عن كيفية التعامل مع الفتن وتجنبها. فيثبت الصادق ويتأن في اتخاذ القرار, ويصبر على الأذى الخاص, ويجتنب دعاة الفتنة, ويلزم جماعة المسلمين وعلماءهم, ولا يركن إلى التأويلات الشاذة لآي القرآن وأحاديث المصطفى r, ويكون خياره دائما وأبدا الاعتصام بحبل الله, والتمسك بكتابه وسنة نبيه r, فما من خير إلا واخبرانا عنه, ولا شر إلا وحذرانا منه.

    وفي الختام يوصي الباحث بان يكون هناك اهتمام أكثر بتدريس ومدارسة  الفتن على منهج حذيفة t وتبريره لسؤال النبي r عن الشر, قال: ( مخافة ان يدركني) , وها هي الفتن تحيط بنا من كل جانب, فحري بنا ان نتعلم ما هي الفتن وما هي مراتبها وأنواعها وكيف نتعامل معها وأقوال السلف في ذلك.

     واسأل الله تعالى السداد في القول, والاخلاص في العمل, وان يكتب لبحثي القبول.
Changing the semantic meanings of words when they are used in modern Russian political speech
Authors: Jihad Ajaj Saad , Hamza Abbas Yassin
Published: March 2024

Наша тема посвященна изучению изменения семантических значений слов при их употреблении в современной публицистической   речи. В современном русском языке слово развивается быстро и изменяется по значению и по семантику из за окружающих событиях . Здесь мы выбрали одно слово и поставили его под наблюдением чтобы увидить какие изменения происходят при употреблении этого слова в современной публицистической речи, это слово война , как употребляется ,какие значения имеет ,какие семантики и влияния на окружающий мир. Анализ понятия и значения и рождения слов- результат человеческой практики
Ways of Manipulating the Public by Using Euphemistic Expressions within Iraqi Political Context A Research Paper in Linguistics
Authors: Mahdi Yaghdan R. , Eesa Mayada R.
Published: March 2024

يحاول الناس عند التعبير عما ما يفكرون به أستخدام طرق تعبير مخففة مناسبة لجعل التواصل  أكثر سلاسة  بدلا من أستخدام تعابير قاسية وذات وطاة أكبر حيث يستخدم لهذا الغرض التلطيف اللفظي وهو من الأساليب الفعالة في التواصل مع الأخرين. يقوم السياسيون فس عالم السياسة بتوظيف هذا الأسلوب بشكل كبير لتوجيه منظور الناس حول العالم وإخفاء الحقائق وكذلك تحويل انتباه الرأي العام بعيدا عن ما يجري. أن هدف هذا البحث هو التحقيق في عملية أستخدم التلطيف اللفظي جنبا إلى جنب مع طبيعته ومعناه وآثاره في الخطاب السياسي. يقتصر نطاق الدراسة على استخدام التعابير الملطفة ضمن السياق العراقي حيث تحاول الدراسة بشكل رئيسي تحديد الطرق المستخدمة لهذه التعابير من قبل القادة المختلفون في عالم السياسة للتلاعب بعقول العامة وتحقيق أهدافهم فيما يتعلق بالأوضاع العراقية.      تبدأ الدراسة بتقديم خلفية كافية عن التلطيف اللفظي ومعناه وأنواعه وفئاته وأغراضه وما إلى ذلك. ثم تنتقل الى شرح مفهوم التلطيف اللفظي في السياسة وكذلك استخداماته في السياقات والحالات المختلفة. لتحقيق الهدف الرئيسي ، تم اختيار مجموعة من الخطب التي أدلى بها مختلف قادة العالم الكبار بشأن العراق لتمثيل عينة الدراسة حيث تم تحليل هذه الخطب وفقا لطرق مختلفة لأنها متنوعة في طبيعتها ولغتها وثقافتها. ومع ذلك ، يركز البحث على المنهج الوصفي وتحليل المحتوى حيث ينشأ هذا التحليل من منظور نوعي لأنه يركز على المعنى الموجود في مواقف محددة.

لقد توصلت الدراسة  إلى تحديد  الكثير من استخدامات التعابير الملطفة المختلفة في عينات الخطب السياسية حيث وجدت تلك التعابير المحددة بأنها تتصف بطبيعة مختلفة ومعاني متباينة كما أنها استخدمت لأغراض متعددة . هذا وقد تميز كل خطاب  بسمة عامة حيث أتصف السياق البريطاني  بالتلاعب على العوامل المعرفية والعقلية، في حين كان السياق الأميركي له ميزة الوطنية وأستخدام الرموز التاريخية ، فيما يتعلق بالعراق فإن الخطاب يهيمن عليه الطابع الديني. خلاصة القول ، إن التلطيف اللفظي هو وسيلة فعالة ووافية تستخدم بكثرة من قبل السياسيين في جميع أنحاء العالم لتحقيق أغراضهم وأن السياق العراقي لا يختلف عن ذلك.
خريدة القصر وجريدة العصر(شعراء مصر)
Authors: جواد مصطفى
Published: March 2024

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النمو الحضري وخصائصه الجغرافية في العراق
Authors: السعدي عباس فاضل
Published: March 2024

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آراء صاحب الدوحة المشتبكة في النقود الإسلامية ودراسة تحليلية مقارنة
Authors: عبد المجيد الكبيسي حمدان
Published: March 2024

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التأريخ ...تأملات وأفكار
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تركيب الوفيات حسب الأمراض فى د. مدينة الموصل للفترة 1957-1995.
Authors: الحديثي طه حمادي , عبد الله ذنون يونس
Published: March 2024

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العراق أو بلاد الرافدين (ما بين النهرين) (دراسة في الجغرافية التاريخية)
Authors: السعدي عباس فاضل
Published: March 2024

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