bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Nanomaterial Technology Industrialization Model in Promoting the Optimization of Financial Market Industrial Structure
Authors: Han Ning
Published: June 2022

The material technology industrialization model is in promoting the adjustment of the financial market industrial economic structure. The experiment realized the adjustment of industrial economic structure by the adsorption of nano materials. TiO2‐rGO was prepared firstly, and then Mn dioxide nanoparticles (HM NPs) were synthesized. The specific surface area and pore volume were determined by N2 adsorption BET method. The infrared spectrum was obtained by infrared spectrometer (MA). The sample was heated to 900°C at 10°C to determine TGA. In order to explore the surface composition and chemical element state of the material, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used with monochromatic al Ka ray. The structure and composition of the substance can be deduced by characterization. The Zr metal organic framework was applied to the adsorption of 2,4,6‐trichlorophenol (2,4,6‐TCP) in water. he experimental data show that the degradation efficiency of metronidazole is the best in the presence of visible light and hydrogen peroxide, which can reach about 80% in 60 minutes. The results show that nano materials and nanotechnology can promote the adjustment of economic structure of financial market industry, and have a great impetus to the entire financial industry.
Simulation Analysis and Optimization Design of the Variable-Speed Constant-Frequency Doubly Fed Wind Power Generation Control System Based on PSCAD
Authors: Zhang Jianguo , Zhang Ruigang , Li Guangyu , Yang Baixun
Published: June 2022

The depletion of nonrenewable energy and climate lead to increasingly bad environment. The efficient development of new energy has become an urgent problem to be solved. As a kind of new energy, how to effectively develop and utilize wind energy has aroused widespread concern all over the world. In this paper, a three-phase static a-b-c coordinate system is used for transformation. Taking the variable-speed constant-frequency doubly fed wind power generation system as the control object, the technology of generator power decoupling control is realized. The rotor side and grid side power converters adopt vector control methods based on stator flux orientation and grid voltage orientation, respectively. In this paper, the motion equation, flux equation, voltage equation, and electromagnetic torque equation of the motor are established. Vector-oriented control technology is used to control the generator. The control model of the VSCF doubly fed wind power generation system is established by using the simulation software PSCAD, and the simulation experiment is carried out. The feasibility of the power decoupling control method based on vector control is verified. The change trend of the active power of the power generation system is consistent with that of the wind speed, which shows that the control system has good stability. Using the field-oriented vector control method, the dual PWM controller can independently control the active power and reactive power. This greatly simplifies the nondecoupling control function equation in the expression. The dual PWM controller is well adjusted to minimize the power loss of the wind power generation system.
Clinical Efficacy of Auricular Acupressure plus Eye Exercises in the Treatment of Adolescent Pseudomyopia
Authors: Zhuang Zhe , Cui Ya’Nan , Cai Guofeng , Liu Kai , Wang Hong , Jia Kunping , Wang Xiuzhen , Cui Cheng , Sun Manchao , Guo Sihui
Published: June 2022

Objective. To assess the clinical efficacy of auricular acupressure plus eye exercises in the treatment of adolescent pseudomyopia, to discover an easier and safer way to treat pseudomyopia. Methods. Forty adolescent patients with pseudomyopia were randomly recruited and assigned (1 : 1) to receive either eye exercises (single group, including 11 males and 9 females) or auricular acupressure plus eye exercises (combined group, including 12 males and 8 females). The clinical endpoint was the clinical efficacy after 28 days of treatment. Results. The baseline characteristics of the combined group were comparable with those of the single group (

P
>
0.05

). Auricular acupressure plus eye exercises was associated with a significantly higher clinical efficacy versus eye exercises alone (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. Ear acupressure plus eye exercises features promising clinical efficacy in the treatment of adolescent pseudomyopia, effectively arresting the progression of pseudomyopia to true myopia.
Application of 5G Internet of Things Multisensor Information Fusion Model in Piano Performance
Authors: Wang Tianshu
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we use melodic multisensor information fusion combined with 5G IoT to conduct an in-depth study and analysis of the experience model of piano performance. In the form of multimodal data, two main storage forms, audio and MIDI, are chosen. First, audio signal processing technology and deep learning technology are used to extract shallow and high-level feature sequences in turn, and then, the alignment of the two modal data is completed with the help of sequence alignment algorithm. For the problem that encrypted data cannot be queried by uploading blockchain, this paper proposes an IoT encrypted data query mechanism based on blockchain and Bloom’s filter. The blockchain stores IoT encrypted indexes by temporal attributes to ensure data consistency, tamper-evident, and traceability. A new loss function training multimodal model is designed for piano performance signals. The piano performance generated by this model differs from the traditional piano performance generation in that it does not need to add complex piano performance rules manually but generates piano performance directly with piano performance theory rules by training the initial piano performance dataset and improves the stability of the generated piano performance by chord constraints and enhances the note dependence on time. In the analysis of the experimental results, the generated melodies were invited 50 for evaluation and analysis. The overall style-based GAN network piano performance generation model proposed in the study makes the generated piano performance melodies more pleasing to the ear through chord constraints and the content of autonomous learning moments, which has important theoretical and practical implications for the creation and realization of mass and batch piano performances.
HMOX1 Attenuates the Sensitivity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells to Sorafenib via Modulating the Expression of ABC Transporters
Authors: Zhu Xian , Zhang Yinfang , Wu Yafei , Diao Wenjing , Deng Guilong , Li Qin , Wu Chuanxing
Published: June 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a common malignancy, and mechanisms of acquired sorafenib resistance during the treatment of HCC patients remain elusive. The present study performed integrated bioinformatics analysis and explored the potential action of heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of the sorafenib-resistant group as compared to the sorafenib-sensitive group from GSE140202 and GSE143233 were extracted. Fifty common DEGs between GSE140202 and GSE143233 were extracted. Ten hub genes were identified from the protein-protein interaction network based on common DEGs. Experimental results revealed the upregulation of HMOX1 in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells. HMOX1 silence promoted the sensitivity to sorafenib in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells; overexpression of HMOX1 attenuated the sensitivity. In addition, HMOX1 silence downregulated the mRNA expression of ABC transporters in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells, while HMOX1 overexpression upregulated mRNA expression of ABC transporter expression in HCC cells. Further analysis also revealed that high expression of HMOX1 was associated with shorter OS and DSS in HCC patients. In conclusion, our analysis identified ten hub genes associated with sorafenib resistance in HCC. Further validation studies demonstrated that HMOX1 promoted sorafenib resistance of HCC cells via modulating ABC transporter expression.
Significance of CYP3A4
∗
1G and OPRM1 A118G Polymorphisms in Postoperative Sufentanil Analgesia in Women of Different Ethnicities
Authors: Zhang Chunying , Zheng Qiyuan , Pan Fengting , Wang Ting , Zhao Yalin , Xiao Zhaoguang , Huang Zehan
Published: June 2022

Objective. To investigate the association between CYP3A4

∗

1G and OPRM1A118G gene polymorphisms and postoperative analgesia with sufentanil in women of Zhuang ethnicity from western Guangxi, China. Methods. Forty-eight Chinese Zhuang women who underwent elective myomectomy under general anesthesia in our hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 were selected, and another 47 Chinese Han patients in the same period were selected as the control subjects. CYP3A4

∗

1G and OPRM1 A118G gene polymorphisms as well as sedation and pain scores at different time points after surgery were compared between the two groups of patients to analyze the relationship between the degree of pain and dosage of sufentanil and to analyze the effect of gene polymorphisms on the occurrence of adverse reactions. Results. The frequencies of

∗

1/

∗

1G and

∗

1G/

∗

1G genotypes, allele

1
∗
G

of CYP3A4

∗

1G and genotypes AA, and allele A of OPRM1 A118G in Zhuang patients were lower than those in Han patients, while the frequencies of

∗

1/

∗

1, allele

∗

1 of CYP3A4

∗

1G and genotypes AG, genotypes GG, and allele G of OPRM1 A118G were higher in Zhuang women. There was no significant difference in the Ramsay and VAS scores between the two groups at different time points after surgery, but the sufentanil use in Zhuang patients was higher than in Han patients at different time points after surgery. In addition, sufentanil use was highest in Zhuang patients with the

∗

1/

∗

1 genotype of the CYP3A4

∗

1G gene. No significant difference was found in the incidence of adverse reactions during analgesia between the two groups. Conclusion. CYP3A4

∗

1G could be associated with postoperative sufentanil analgesia in Zhuang patients in western Guangxi and should be considered when developing personalized analgesia regimens.
The Relationship between VEGF-C, TAM, and Lymph Node Metastasis in Oral Cancer
Authors: Yuan Wei , Tan Tao , Liu Ying , Du Yingjie , Zhang Shengjuan , Wang Junrong
Published: June 2022

Objective. To investigate the relationship between vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) and tumor-associated macrophages in oral cancer (TAMs) with lymph node metastasis. Method. From January 2018 to January 2022, 155 cases of oral cancer tissues and 165 cases of normal mucosal tissues were collected from oral surgical resection tissues or biopsy specimens in Hebei Eye Hospital. Oral cancer tissues were observed. The control group had normal mucosal tissues. The clinical and immune parameters were observed and the treatment of oral cancer is also briefly discussed. Results. The number of TAMs and the expression of VEGF-C in oral cancer tissues were significantly higher than those in normal tissues (

P
<
0.05

). The lymphatic vessel density, the number of TAMs, and the expression of VEGF-C in the metastatic group were higher than in nonmetastatic group, and the lymphatic vessel density, the number of TAMs, and the expression of VEGF-C in the paracancerous tissues were higher than central tumor tissue in the metastatic group (

P
<
0.05

). Univariate analysis showed that the number of TAMs was related to the histological stage and the pathological type of oral cancer (

P
>
0.05

). The expression of VEGF-C was associated with the histological stage of oral cancer (

P
<
0.05

). Compared with the immune function after different treatments, the contents of CD4+ in both groups was higher than before, and the combined treatment group was increased more than single treatment group (

P
<
0.05

). The contents of CD3+ and CD8+ in the two groups were lower than before, and the combined treatment group was decreased higher than combined treatment group (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusions. The number of TAMs and the expression of VEGF-C in oral cancer tissues are higher than normal tissues. The number of TAMs and the expression of VEGF-C are higher in patients with lymph node metastasis. TAMs and VEGF-C may play an important role in lymph node metastasis of oral cancer. Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine can improve the immune function of patients with oral cancer and may improve the therapeutic efficacy.
Acupuncture and Moxibustion in the Treatment of Adult Diarrhea Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Jiang Xiaoxue , Guo Xiutian , Zhou Jianhua , Ye Sunsong
Published: June 2022

Objective. This study was aimed at comparing the clinical efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion on irritable bowel syndrome complicated with diarrhea (IBS-D) in adults and providing guidance for clinical treatment. Methods. PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Embase, CBM, CNKI, and VIP and Wanfang databases were searched to obtain clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of IBS-D published from establishment of the database to August 5, 2021. Relevant data were extracted to assess the risk of bias in the included studies, and statistical software Stata 16.0 was used for meta-analysis. Results. Twenty-one studies were eventually included in the network meta-analysis (NMA), including 1626 patients with IBS-D and 8 therapeutic measures. NMA showed that acupuncture [

OR
=
0.35

,

95
%
CI
 

0.25
,
0.49

,

P
<
0.05

], warming needle moxibustion [

OR
=
6.34

,

95
%
CI
 

2.83
,
14.21

,

P
<
0.05

], acupuncture+sandwiched moxibustion [

OR
=
12.83

,

95
%
CI
 

4.49
,
36.64

,

P
<
0.05

], acupuncture+heat-sensitive moxibustion [

OR
=
9.86

,

95
%
CI
 

1.77
,
55.00

,

P
<
0.05

] were more effective than pinaverium bromide in the treatment of IBS-D. Cumulative ranking probability (SUCRA) showed that the comprehensive efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion (86.8%) and quality of life (QOL) (70.4%) was the best, while the comprehensive efficacy of pinaverium bromide (2.1%) and QOL (16.3%) was the worst. GV20, GV29, ST 25, ST37, ST36, SP6, LR3, and CV12 were used frequently. Conclusion. Acupuncture+sandwiched moxibustion has the best effect on improving the efficacy and QOL of IBS-D patients. Limited by the number and quality of studies, we still need a large sample, multicenter, and high-quality clinical trials to confirm our findings.
FOXM1 Variant Contributes to Gefitinib Resistance via Activating Wnt/β-Catenin Signal Pathway in Patients with Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Guan Shaoxing , Chen Xi , Chen Youhao , Xie Wen , Liang Heng , Zhu Xia , Yang Yunpeng , Fang Wenfeng , Huang Yan , Zhao Hongyun , Zhuang Wei , Liu Shu , Huang Min , Wang Xueding , Zhang Li
Published: June 2022

Purpose:

Although gefitinib prolonged the progression-free survival (PFS) of patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), unpredictable resistance limited its clinical efficacy. Novel predictive biomarkers with explicit mechanisms are urgently needed.

Experimental Design:

A total of 282 patients with NSCLC with gefitinib treatment were randomly assigned in a 7:3 ratio to exploratory (n = 192) and validation (n = 90) cohorts. The candidate polymorphisms were selected with Haploview4.2 in Hapmap and genotyped by a MassARRAY system, and the feature variables were identified through Randomforest Survival analysis. Tanswell and clonogenic assays, base editing and cell-derived tumor xenograft model were performed to uncover the underlying mechanism.

Results:

We found that the germline missense polymorphism rs3742076 (A>G, S628P), located in transactivation domain of FOXM1, was associated with PFS in exploratory (median PFS: GG vs. GA&AA, 9.20 vs. 13.37 months, P = 0.00039, HR = 2.399) and validation (median PFS: GG vs. GA&AA, 8.13 vs. 13.80 months, P = 0.048, HR = 2.628) cohorts. We elucidated that rs3742076_G conferred resistance to gefitinib by increasing protein stability of FOXM1 and facilitating an aggressive phenotype in vitro and in vivo through activating wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Meanwhile, FOXM1 level was highly associated with prognosis in patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC. Mechanistically, FOXM1 rs3742076_G upregulated wnt/β-catenin activity by directly binding to β-catenin in cytoplasm and promoting transcription of β-catenin in nucleus. Remarkably, inhibition of β-catenin markedly reversed rs3742076_G-induced gefitinib resistance and aggressive phenotypes.

Conclusions:

These findings characterized rs3742076_G as a gain-of-function polymorphism in mediating gefitinib resistance and tumor aggressiveness, and highlighted the variant as a predictive biomarker in guiding gefitinib treatment.
ILM Flap Repositioning for Persistent Macular Hole
Authors: Kastl Gregor , Heidenkummer Peter
Published: June 2022

We present a case of a persistent macular hole which was initially treated by pars plana vitrectomy with the inverted ILM flap technique. In a second procedure, the internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap was mobilized from its perifoveal adherence to the retina and peeled back to its adherence at the foveal ring. The eye was filled with 25% C2F6 gas. Three weeks after the second procedure, closure of the hole was observed. Best corrected visual acuity increased from 20/400 to 20/50. We assume that contractile elements within the ILM may cause perifoveal adhesion and centrifugal effects preventing macular hole closure. If macular hole closure does not occur after surgery with an inverted ILM flap, it is worth to peel back the existing flap again towards the foveal edge in order to induce hole closure and preserve the benefits of flap surgery. If the flap is only attached to the foveal ring, centripetal contraction could lead to annular closure of the macular hole. If the flap is lost, alternative surgical methods for refractory MHs should be considered.
Effect of Language on Voice Quality: An Acoustic Study of Bilingual Speakers of Mandarin Chinese and English
Authors: Zhu Shi , Chong Sibie , Chen Yang , Wang Tianqi , Ng Manwa Lawrence
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Previous studies reported discrepant vocal qualities associated with different languages. However, possible physical differences associated with speakers of different ethnicities were not accounted for. The present study attempted to examine the effect of language on one’s voice quality by eliminating the potential effects of physical differences associated with speakers of different languages. Methods: Sixteen Chinese and fourteen Americans who were proficient in both Mandarin Chinese and English were recruited. They were instructed to read one Chinese and one English passage. Time-domain and long-term average spectral analyses were carried out, and speaking fundamental frequency (sF0), jitter, shimmer, and first spectral peak (FSP), mean spectral energy (MSE), and spectral tilt (ST) were measured using Praat. Results: Acoustic measures revealed no differences in sF0, FSP, and ST between Americans and Chinese. However, jitter, shimmer, and MSE values appeared to be affected by ethnicity (Chinese vs. Americans). Jitter and shimmer tended to be greater when someone was speaking his/her mother tongue. For language effect, Chinese was found to be associated with a faster rate of vocal fold vibration than English. MSE was higher for Chinese than English produced by Chinese, but not by American speakers, despite the similar ST in both languages. Discussion/Conclusion: Based on speech samples obtained from the balanced groups of bilingual speakers, the findings confirmed the presence of language effect on one’s voice quality. Laryngeal activity appeared to be affected by the language being spoken.
circ_0062582 Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in vitro by Elevating SMAD5 Expression through Sponging miR-197-3p
Authors: Chen Qiaojie , Shen Pingping , Zhang Bo , Chen Yang , Zheng Chunli
Published: June 2022

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play crucial roles in many human diseases. However, the functions of circRNAs in osteoporosis (OP) are barely reported. In this study, we aimed to explore the function of circ_0062582 in osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) in vitro. circ_0062582 and SMAD5 were downregulated and miR-197-3p was upregulated in OP patients and increased in osteoblast medium (OM)-induced hBMSCs in vitro. circ_0062582 knockdown inhibited the viability and osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. circ_0062582 directly targeted miR-197-3p, and miR-197-3p inhibition reversed the effects of circ_0062582 on hBMSC viability and osteogenic differentiation. SMAD5 was the target gene of miR-197-3p. SMAD5 overexpression promoted the viability and osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs and attenuated miR-197-3p-mediated suppressive roles in hBMSC viability and osteogenic differentiation. In conclusion, circ_0062582 sponged miR-197-3p to elevate SMAD5 expression, thereby inducing hBMSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in vitro.
Pentecostalism and the Arts of Insistence: Examples from Botswana
Authors: van Dijk Rijk , Molenaar Kim
Published: June 2022

This contribution explores the significance of religious practices that put emphasis on encouraging people to hold their position when others question the ideological or dogmatic elements of their faith. Applying the term ‘religious insistence’, it investigates these practices with a view to the ways in which Pentecostals take a position vis-à-vis the challenges they confront in the sociopolitical domain. Contributing to the study of religious activism, we show that practices of insistence are neither fully resistant nor fully acquiescent with regard to the existing situation. We argue that these practices of holding one’s ground, which we subsume under the term ‘insistence’, represent a specific modality of formulating one’s identity in regard to others that is neither about provoking structural change, as a resistance perspective would emphasise, nor about condoning a structural situation as is and remaining fully acquiescent with it. While in Pentecostal contexts insistence does not take up-front political protest as its main focus, it can still be interpreted as a form of religious activism since it often entails some form of critical response toward a given sociopolitical order or process. By drawing attention to how religious insistence manifests itself in and through Pentecostalism, this contribution proposes to enrich the study of religious activism in Africa and opens up a perspective that addresses assertiveness as a register of expression that differs from resistance and acquiescence.
Ibn al-Jawzī’s Critique of Sufism in Talbīs Iblīs: A Re-Examination
Authors: Held Pascal
Published: June 2022

This study seeks to re-examine Ibn al-Jawzī’s (d. 597/1201) censure of Sufism in his Talbīs Iblīs, a widely-known and frequently cited, but rarely carefully considered work. The article finds that Talbīs Iblīs’ chapter devoted to Sufism does indeed constitute a scathing condemnation of the Sufi tradition, which is however by no means comprehensive and requires moreover certain specifications and clarifications. For example, is Ibn al-Jawzī’s criticism mostly limited to Sufi conduct and practice, especially in public, rather than their ideas and beliefs, and likewise does he use his criticism to highlight commendable forms of piety and mysticism, revealing that he held on to a notion of pristine ascetical and mystical piety himself, which should nonetheless not be mistaken for Sufism. In any case, whether and to what degree one is able to immerse oneself in such forms of piety is according to Talbīs Iblīs to a large extent determined by one’s natural circumstances.
Kitāb al-Ḥujjah ʿAlā Ahl al-Madīnah and the Transition from Regional Schools to Personal
Authors: Melchert Christopher
Published: June 2022

K. al-Ḥujjah ʿalā ahl al-Madīnah by Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan al-Shaybānī (d. 189/804-5) is a witness to the state of the regional school of Medina before it had been absorbed by (survived only in) the Mālikī personal school. Schacht asserts that each regional school had its characteristic authorities among the Followers, and the Ḥujjah confirms that, sometimes appealing to Kufan Followers against Medinese, sometimes complaining that the Medinese are not staying loyal to their own Medinese Followers. Sometimes also the Ḥujjah testifies to Mālik’s pre-eminence among the Medinese of his time, sometimes by appealing to him as ‘your faqīh’, with whom the Medinese ought to agree but do not, but mainly as their pre-eminent traditionist. Schacht observed that Shaybānī adduced hadith more often than Abū Yūsuf, and the Ḥujjah often adduces hadith in its arguments against the Medinese. Most often, however, it adduces logical consistency against Medinese positions. Altogether, it suggests that personal schools evolved out of regional by accentuation of the personal element already present in the tradition of regional authorities. By adducing hadith from a wider range of authorities than the Muwaṭṭaʾ, it implicitly argues that Ḥanafi law is superior because it represents the jurisprudence of the whole Empire, not just one centre.
Under the Influence
Authors: Harris Ben
Published: June 2022

This article presents evidence to support an entirely new approach to uncovering the literary structure of the Gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles, a subject which continues to attract attention and divide opinion. It draws on a field of Classical Studies that, although abundant in terms of written sources, remains understudied: ancient pharmacology. At its heart is the established four-part definition of the structural features of medical recipes for composite drugs, and an attempt to demonstrate their influence on the compositional model employed by the author of Luke–Acts. The model is first defined with reference to medical writing in antiquity, before its practical outworking is explored in the Gospel proem (i.e. the formal presentation of the work to its audience). The application of the model in individual pericopes, as well as its extension across two series of pericopes, is then examined within the narrative of the work itself.
An Optimal Atmospheric Circulation Mode in the Arctic Favoring Strong Summertime Sea Ice Melting and Ice–Albedo Feedback
Authors: Baxter Ian , Ding Qinghua
Published: June 2022

The rapid decline of summer Arctic sea ice over the past few decades has been driven by a combination of increasing greenhouse gases and internal variability of the climate system. However, uncertainties remain regarding spatial and temporal characteristics of the optimal internal atmospheric mode that most favors summer sea ice melting on low-frequency time scales. To pinpoint this mode, we conduct a suite of simulations in which atmospheric circulation is constrained by nudging tropospheric Arctic (60°–90°N) winds within the Community Earth System Model, version 1 (CESM1), to those from reanalysis. Each reanalysis year is repeated for over 10 model years using fixed greenhouse gas concentrations and the same initial conditions. Composites show the strongest September sea ice losses are closely preceded by a common June–August (JJA) barotropic anticyclonic circulation in the Arctic favoring shortwave absorption at the surface. Successive years of strong wind-driven melting also enhance declines in Arctic sea ice through enhancement of the ice–albedo feedback, reaching a quasi-equilibrium response after repeated wind forcing for over 5–6 years, as the effectiveness of the wind-driven ice–albedo feedback becomes saturated. Strong melting favored by a similar wind pattern as observations is detected in a long preindustrial simulation and 400-yr paleoclimate reanalysis, suggesting that a summer barotropic anticyclonic wind pattern represents the optimal internal atmospheric mode maximizing sea ice melting in both the model and natural world over a range of time scales. Considering strong contributions of this mode to changes in Arctic climate, a better understanding of its origin and maintenance is vital to improving future projections of Arctic sea ice.
Nationwide Analysis of Biomechanics of Motor Vehicle Collisions Involving Passenger Vehicle and Associated Outcomes: Towards Improving Vehicle Safety Standards and Regulations
Authors: Concepcion Jennifer , Newsome Kevin , Alfaro Sophie , Selvakumar Sruthi , Sen-Crowe Brendon , Vallejo Kevin , Andrade Ryan , Yeager Matthew , Kornblith Lucy , Bilski Tracy , Elkbuli Adel
Published: June 2022

Background

Motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) pose significant mortality and economic burden on the United States. Biomechanics research may guide future vehicle innovation. The objective of this study is to investigate the biomechanics of two-vehicle MVCs involving passenger vehicle (PV) to evaluate associated injury patterns and outcomes including mortality.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of cases from the Crash Injury Research Engineering Network database was performed to evaluate the biomechanics (angle of impact, seatbelt use, and airbag deployment) of two-vehicle MVCs involving at least one PV from 2005-2015.

Results

Out of 629 MVCs evaluated, lateral collisions were most common (49.5%), followed by head-on (41.3%) and rear-end (9.2%) collisions. Thoracic injuries accounted for 30.1%, 31.4%, and 31.1% of injuries in lateral, head-on, and rear-end collisions, respectively, and were the most common body region injured for all collision types. Seatbelt use was associated with shorter ICU stay (10.9 vs 19.1 days, P = .036) and mortality (Cramer’s V = .224, P < .001), but a greater average number of injuries (10.2 injuries vs 8.6 injuries, P = .011).

Conclusion

Passenger vehicle are commonly involved in MVCs nationwide and efforts are needed to prevent occupant injuries and fatalities. The incorporation of energy-absorbing material into common points of contact within the vehicle interior may decrease the severity of these injuries. Seatbelt use remains a protective factor against MVC-fatalities but is associated with collateral injuries and should be a focus of further innovation.
A Peer Data Benchmarking Intervention to Reduce Opioid Overprescribing: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Dun Chen , Overton Heidi N. , Walsh Christi M. , Hennayake Sanuri , Wang Peiqi , Fahim Christine , Bicket Mark C. , Makary Martin A.
Published: June 2022

Background

Driving physician behavior change has been an elusive goal for quality improvement efforts aimed at reducing low-value care. We proposed the use of “nudge” interventions at the surgeon level in order to reduce post-surgical opioid overprescribing in accordance with consensus guidelines.

Methods

We used 2017 Medicare data to identify outlier surgeons. A peer data benchmarking report that showed each surgeon the average number of opioid tablets they prescribed for an open inguinal hernia repair procedure from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017. We conducted a 1:1 randomized controlled trial providing outlier surgeons a report of their opioid prescribing patterns for a standard operation compared to the national average and prescribing guidelines.

Results

There were 489 surgeons randomized to the intervention, of which 180 (36.8%) had data in the post-intervention period. Data was available for 87 surgeons in the intervention group and 93 surgeons in the control group. 97.7% of surgeons in the intervention group reduced their opioid prescribing pattern compared to 95.7% in the control group. Surgeons who received the data benchmarking report intervention prescribed 14.3% less opioids than surgeons in the control group (10.54 (SD 5.34) vs. 12.30 (SD 6.02), P = .04). The intervention was associated with a 1.83 lower mean number of opioid tablets prescribed per patient in the multivariable linear regression model after controlling for other factors (Intervention group vs. control group 95% CI [−3.61, −.04], P = .04).

Discussion

The implementation of a peer data benchmarking intervention can drive physician behavior change towards high-value care.
Impact of Family Background on Cognitive Skills: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Sarkar Sreemanta , Chaudhury Anjan Ray , Sinha Madhabendra
Published: June 2022

This study desires to look at the impact of family background on cognitive skills of the children. On the basis of primary survey of two districts of West Bengal—namely Bankura and Nadia—and using the fathers’ education, occupation and per capita household income as the proxies for family background we have employed multinomial probit and ordered logit regression model for this analysis. The findings reveal that there exists a significant positive association between family background and cognitive skills of the child indicating the existence of poor intergenerational mobility in education in the surveyed region.

JEL Codes: I20, I24, I28
The Cultural Problematic in Narratives of Violence against Women and Girls in South Sudan
Authors: Bradley Tamsin , Jima Gailda , Ochan Anthony
Published: June 2022

Violence against Women and Girls (VAWG) is endemic in South Sudan. Approaches to end VAWG are barely making a dent in prevalence figures. Global evidence tells us that ending VAWG in conflict-ridden contexts is challenging on many levels. Our research points to the need for social and gender norm change approaches to be better contextualised within the political economy and through applying a nuanced critique of the role of culture in normalising many forms of VAWG. In addition, greater involvement of young people is critical as a behavioural tipping point is beginning to emerge in this group. At national level, a lack of political commitment emerges as a key challenge in ending VAWG. Drawing on the findings from 20 qualitative interviews with national civil society organisation (CSO) and non-governmental organisation’s (NGO) stakeholders, the article argues that current approaches to ending VAWG in South Sudan (and arguably elsewhere) must be reframed along a continuum of change. Activities must be supported at all levels from national through to the grassroots and be founded in a complex picture of the values and beliefs that sustain VAWG.
Irish Republicanism, the Threat of Political Violence and the National/Border Security Nexus in Australia
Authors: Smith Evan , Dukova Anastasia
Published: June 2022

As the conflict in Northern Ireland heightened in the early 1970s, the Australian authorities became worried that political violence might spread amongst the Irish communities in Australia. Coming at a time when there was a concern about political extremism and violence linked to overseas conflicts, such as the Palestinian struggle in the Middle East and the anti-communist opposition to Yugoslavia, the Australian government and security services were also anxious about militant Irish Republicanism transgressing borders, particularly representatives of the Irish Republican Army entering the country. Unlike nearly all migrants and visitors from Europe and the Middle East, people coming from Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland could enter Australia without visa, and few criminal or security checks were conducted upon them. This article examines the ways in which the Australian authorities attempted to prevent militant Irish Republicans coming during the 1970s and how the favoured status of British (including Northern Irish) and Irish citizens was seen as an impediment to Australia's national security in the era of international terrorism.
The Hijacking of El Al Flight 426: The Advent of Air Terrorism
Authors: Porat Dan
Published: June 2022

On 23 July 1968, The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine hijacked El Al flight 426 en route from Italy to Israel and diverted it to Algeria. Scholars largely agree this act marked an important milestone in modern international terrorism and especially in the advent of air terrorism. Yet to date, no one has studied in depth the events as they unfolded in different world capitals, along with their implications for national and global security and politics. Based on previously untapped archival material, this article will focus on how the hijacking of El Al flight 426 modeled a new era of plane hijackings by, for example, setting a standard that hostages of a hijacked plane could be exchanged for prisoners. It will also demonstrate how some elements of this event did not repeat themselves in future hijackings, such as the demand made by the Algerians to hold onto the Israeli plane, arguing it was an instrument of war. In all, this article will exhibit how elements from the 23 July 1968 hijacking served to signify a shift in international air terrorism.
Barriers and challenges in providing standard breast cancer care in low resource settings
Authors: Kumar Yadav Sanjay , Sharma Dhananjaya , Bala Sharma Deepti , Kintu-Luwaga Ronald , Jha Chandan Kumar , Shekhar Saket
Published: June 2022

In this study, we investigated the barriers to the delivery of internationally accepted breast cancer care in low resource settings (LRS) as compared to well-endowed resource settings (WRS) via an online survey. The survey was completed by 199 surgeons from eleven countries: 51 from WRS and 148 from LRS, based on our definition. The two most common facilities lacking in LRS were sentinel lymph node biopsy and immune-histochemistry (67% and 60% respectively). Only 22% respondents from LRS confirmed that all their eligible patients received hormonal therapy and only 8% radiotherapy as compared to 98% and 75% from WRS. Widespread limitations exist in most LRS, making internationally accepted breast cancer treatment guidelines impossible to follow, and thus resulting in suboptimal cancer care.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Preoperative CT and Endoscopy Staging in Early Laryngeal Cancer
Authors: Stevanović Siniša , Gregurić Tomislav , Pažanin Leo , Ivkić Boris , Geber Antonela , Hadžavdić Ayla , Košec Andro
Published: June 2022

Objectives

This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of preoperative computed tomography (CT) and intraoperative endoscopic tumor staging with regard to histopathologic staging in patients with early laryngeal cancer.

Study Design

A retrospective nonrandomized single‐institution comparative cohort study including 109 patients.

Setting

A tertiary surgical center.

Methods

Patients were treated for T1a, T1b, and T2a laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma by endoscopic laser surgery. The outcome measures were the presence of under‐ or overstaging in endoscopic and CT findings and positive postoperative margins.

Results

Endoscopic overstaging as compared with histopathologic T category correlated with rising tumor category (P = .001; odds ratio [OR], 69.1) and CT findings showing anterior commissure involvement (P = .002; OR, 9.54), while endoscopic understaging correlated with rising tumor histologic grade (P = .039; OR, 4.28) and smaller tumor size (P = .011; OR, 6.39). CT overstaging vs histopathologic T category correlated with CT findings showing anterior commissure involvement (P = .001; OR, 21.76), supraglottic involvement (P = .001; OR, 59.98), subglottic involvement (P = .001; OR, 39.94), rising clinical T category (P = .01; OR, 9.11), and rising tumor histologic grade (P = .004; OR, 10.95). CT understaging as compared with histopathologic T category correlated with smaller clinical T categories (P = .002; OR, 12.72) and smaller tumor histologic grade (P = .030; OR, 7.02). Rising age, rising tumor size, anterior commissure involvement on CT, and tumor extension into the supraglottis were risk factors for positive margins.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that CT adds little valuable information in differentiating small superficial lesions in the glottis, while systematically overstaging cases of early laryngeal cancer. In T1a and T1b glottic tumors, endoscopy should be the preferred diagnostic method.
Anthropogenic contaminants in glacial environments I: Inputs and accumulation
Authors: Beard Dylan B , Clason Caroline C , Rangecroft Sally , Poniecka Ewa , Ward Kim J , Blake Will H
Published: June 2022

Historically, glaciers have been seen as pristine environments. However, recent research has shown that glaciers can accumulate and store contaminants over long timescales, through processes such as atmospheric deposition, sedimentation, glacial hydrology and mass movements. Studies have identified numerous anthropogenically derived contaminants within the global cryosphere, including the six we focus on here: fallout radionuclides; microplastics; persistent organic pollutants; potentially toxic elements; black carbon and nitrate-based contaminants. These contaminants are relatively well-studied in other environments; however, their dynamics and role in glaciated systems is still poorly understood. Therefore, it is important to assess and quantify contaminant levels within the cryosphere, so that current and future threats can be fully understood and mitigated. In this first progress report ( Part I: Inputs and accumulation), we review the current state of knowledge of six of the most common anthropogenic contaminants found in the cryosphere, and consider their sources, transportation, accumulation and concentration within glacial systems. A second progress report ( Part II: Release and downstream consequences) will outline how these contaminants leave glacial systems and the consequences that this release can have for communities and ecosystems reliant on glacial meltwater.
The Most Common Type, Severity, and Expected Frequency of Injuries Vary by Defensive Position in Professional Baseball Players
Authors: Carr James B. , McElheny Kathryn D. , Corrigan Anne , Rowe Dana , Ma Kevin , Curriero Frank C.
Published: June 2022

Background:

Location, frequency, and severity of in-game injuries by defensive position played have never been determined in professional baseball players.

Hypothesis:

Catchers would have a higher frequency of hip and knee injuries; infielders and outfielders would have a higher frequency of general lower extremity injuries; and pitchers would have a higher frequency and severity of shoulder and elbow/forearm injuries.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods:

The Major League Baseball Health and Injury Tracking System database was queried for all injuries in Major League Baseball and Minor League Baseball during the 2011-2019 seasons. Injuries were stratified by the following variables: athlete’s level of play at the time of injury, anatomic region injured, whether the injury occurred during a game, and position played at the time of injury (infielder, outfielder, catcher, or pitcher). Number of days missed from competition immediately after an injury was used as a surrogate for injury severity: mild (0 days missed), moderate (1-5 days), and severe (>5 days). Observed versus expected injury ratios were calculated for each anatomic region based on position played, and ratios were adjusted by the number of players per position type during a standard inning of play.

Results:

A total of 112,405 work-related injuries were reported, with the majority of injuries (86,520; 77%) occurring in Minor League Baseball athletes. Injuries to the leg, hand, shoulder, torso, and foot were the most common for athletes in both leagues, while hip/groin injuries were the least common. Catchers sustained the most in-game defensive head/neck injuries, while infielders and outfielders had the highest number of knee injuries. Starting and relief pitchers had the greatest total proportion of in-game defensive injuries across every other body region. Infielders and outfielders sustained injuries less frequently than expected across all body regions, while pitchers experienced more injuries than expected for all body parts. Catchers experienced more injuries than expected to the head/neck, hand, hip/groin, knee, and foot, and were more likely than other position players to sustain a knee injury that was categorized as severe based on time missed.

Conclusion:

The location, severity, and frequency of injuries vary by defensive position among professional baseball players.
Learning With Mobile Augmented Reality- and Automatic Speech Recognition-Based Materials for English Listening and Speaking Skills: Effectiveness and Perceptions of Non-English Major English as a Foreign Language Students
Authors: Tsai Shu-Chiao
Published: June 2022

Due to the outbreak of COVID 19, an online bilingual curriculum was conducted via Google Meet. The learning material was developed and implemented by using a smartphone application, STEMUP, based on augmented reality (AR) and automatic speech recognition (ASR) technologies. This study investigated the oral performance and perceptions of learning with STEMUP of ninety non-English major students from several colleges at a technical university in Taiwan. Data were collected from pre- and post-tests and a questionnaire survey. Results indicated that students significantly improved their oral performance and recorded their positive perceptions. Students’ oral performance significantly depended on their English proficiency. Their perceptions were not significant related to their English proficiency, gender, or college. Instant feedback and evaluation provided by ASR technology and online Google text-to-speech service both embedded in STEMUP helped students notice, modify and improve their listening and speaking skills. They were satisfied with the bilingual curriculum, which helped them increase understanding about content knowledge by the teacher’s explanation in Chinese, and improve English listening and speaking skills by learning with STEMUP. This study is a good start in creating an interactive and communicative learning environment where translanguaging is effectively integrated with innovative technologies.
Midrange Theory Evaluation to Advance Nursing Knowledge
Authors: Reed Pamela G.
Published: June 2022

The author in this article presents a midrange theory evaluation framework as an update to nursing publications over the past 50 decades on theory evaluation criteria and incorporates recent philosophical perspectives on scientific theory and knowledge development. The intent also is to encourage a theorizing style that advances understanding and explanations of nursing phenomena for nursing practice as well as for the pure joy of knowing why something happens.
Persevering: A Parsesciencing Inquiry
Authors: Bigler-Perrotin Lucienne I. , Maillard Strüby Françoise V.
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this article is to present a Parsesciencing inquiry about the universal humanuniverse living experience of persevering. Six adult historians who engaged in dialogue with the scholar were invited to describe their experiences with the question: “Please tell me, what is your experience of persevering?” The discerning extant moment of the living experience of persevering was as follows: Persevering is resolutely pressing on with the cherished arising with the restricting barriers of diverse affiliations with the transsubstantiating as: Persevering is powering valuing the enabling-limiting of connecting-separating.
Roy Adaptation Model: Theory-Based Knowledge and Nursing Care With a Person Experiencing COVID-19
Authors: Dayılar Candan Hatice , Doğan Satı , Güler Cansu , Carroll Karen
Published: June 2022

Nursing theories shed light and guide nursing care through provision of care to persons based on the specialized knowledge base of the profession. Nurses utilizing Roy’s adaptation model deliver holistic care by accounting for people, processes, and the environments. The aim of this article is to illustrate the value of utilizing the Roy adaptation model in the care of a patients by reviewing nursing care provided to a patient diagnosed with COVID-19.