bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Water Source Types and Uses in Kirisia Forest Watershed, Samburu County, Kenya
Authors: Kiringe John Warui , Mwaura Francis , Warinwa Fiesta
Published: September 2016

Kenya’s dry-land water catchments are valued for their water provision services but their conservation is given little attention. This study was carried out between October and December 2015 and documented water source types and uses by humans and livestock in Kirisia Forest watershed. Different water source types exist in the watershed including earth dams, water pans, shallow wells, boreholes, springs and streams. The estimated population of livestock and locals using these sources was 180,645 and 147, 060 respectively. Earth dams and water pans provided water to the highest population of community members estimated at 11,564 people followed by boreholes at 9,886 people while streams, springs and shallow wells were used by the least number of people. They also provided water to the highest number of livestock estimated at an average of 15,422 animals. The highest amount of water was abstracted from boreholes at nearly 197,720Litres/day (197.72m3/day) followed by earth dams and water pans at 91,960Litres/day (91.96m3/day), and the least was from shallow wells, springs and streams at about 38,000Litres/day (38m3/day). Daily water abstraction from all the water source types by humans and livestock was nearly 366,540Litres/day or 366.54m3/day. Twenty three sub-locations rely on water from the watershed and based on the 2009 population census, their projected water demand was approximately 182,238,520Litres/day (182,238.52 m3/day). Water demand by livestock was estimated at 12,172,600Litres/day (12,172.60m3/day) based on the 2013 population data. Overall water demand by humans and livestock in all the sub-locations was estimated at 194,411,120Litres/day (194,411.12 m3/day); and these findings demonstrate the critical role played by the watershed in sustaining locals livelihoods and pastoralism.
The Relationship between Social Desirability, Responsibility, Self-Efficacy and Communication Skills of Students
Authors: Mousavi Nasab Seyedeh Maryam , Makvandi Behnam
Published: September 2016

The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between social desirability, self-efficacy, and responsibility and communication skills of high school students in Ahvaz city. The sample of this study has been consisted of 360 participants that have been selected by cluster sampling method. This research is a descriptive and correlational study. The tools that have been used in this research are: Social Desirability questionnaire of Crowne and Marlowe (1960), the responsibility questionnaire of Harrison (1999), general self-efficacy questionnaire of Scherer et al. (1982) and communication skills questionnaire of Harjy and Marshall (1986). The data has been analyzed by using the statistical methods of Pearson correlation and multiple regressions. The results have shown that there is a positive relationship between social desirability, self-efficacy, responsibility and communication skills of students. The results of multiple regression analysis have shown that social desirability and responsibility and self-efficacy are respectively the best predictors of communication skills.
O TRATAMENTO DA CULPABILIDADE ANTES DA FORMAÇÃO DA DOGMÁTICA PENAL E O SURGIMENTO DA PRESUNÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO DE LEI
Authors: Filho Marco Aurélio Pinto Florêncio
Published: September 2016

O presente artigo tem a pretensão de analisar o desenvolvimento histórico da culpabilidade no direito penal, bem como o princípio da presunção do conhecimento de lei. Assim, foi realizada uma abordagem da culpabilidade e da presunção do conhecimento de lei nas sociedades primitivas, na Grécia antiga, no Direito Romano, para, posteriormente, analisar-se a Alta Idade Média e a Baixa Idade Média, para, enfim, analisar referidos institutos no direito germânico. 
Perfil do sistema de produção de pinha nos polos de fruticultura da Bahia, com ênfase nos aspectos fitossanitários da cultura
Authors: Oliveira Alessandro Da Silva , Castellani Maria Aparecida , Nascimento Antonio Souza do , Moreira Aldenise Alves
Published: September 2016

O agronegócio da pinha na Bahia é uma atividade econômica primária. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi caracterizar o perfil do sistema de produção de pinha na Bahia e os aspectos fitossanitários da cultura. Foram aplicados questionários aos produtores de pinha de Anagé, Livramento de Nossa Senhora e Presidente Dutra. A amostra foi definida levando em consideração um erro experimental de 8 e 12%. Os resultados indicaram que a cultura está estabelecida em pequenas áreas; os produtores possuem idade acima de 41 anos, baixo nível de escolaridade, com inexpressiva participação em associações e baixo nível tecnológico. A broca-do-fruto foi considerada a principal praga da pinha em Anagé e Livramento de Nossa Senhora, e as cochonilhas em Presidente Dutra, com custos de controle na faixa de 10 a 20% do total dos problemas fitossanitários. O controle químico é o mais utilizado, com produtos da Classe Toxicológica II e Classe Ambiental I, as pulverizações são iniciadas na fase de frutos pequenos, o que totaliza em torno de cinco pulverizações, sem realização de rotação de inseticidas. Constatou-se desconhecimento geral da Lei dos Agrotóxicos, o que gera muitos casos de descarte irregular de embalagens vazias.
Assistência técnica e extensão rural cooperativa: o departamento de campo de uma cooperativa agropecuária em Minas Gerais
Authors: Petarly Renata Rauta , Souza Welison Portugal de
Published: September 2016

O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever a Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (ATER) em uma cooperativa agropecuária e qual é o perfil dos profissionais por ela responsáveis, questionando-se como esta atividade contribui com a complexidade dos aspectos associativos e empresariais na gestão cooperativa. Por serem organizações que precisam se adequar às exigências do mercado da mesma forma que valorizam e promovem o desenvolvimento de seus cooperados, elas necessitariam de um corpo técnico que articule o duplo foco de sua gestão e se encarregue de executar ações de promoção socioeconômica. A pesquisa exploratória-descritiva foi um estudo de caso realizada na Cooperativa Agropecuária de Patrocínio, em Minas Gerais e foram entrevistados todos os seus agentes de ATER. Concluiu-se que se pode definir uma ATER Cooperativa que integra atividades voltadas para oferecer orientações aos cooperados no que diz respeito à melhoria no resultado de seu trabalho e condições de vida no meio rural, complementando-se também com ações de educação cooperativista que promovam a participação social e econômica dos cooperados, contribuindo para uma mais eficiente articulação socioeconômica.
A escola urbanizada: incoerências relativas à formação de estudantes rurais de Ensino Médio
Authors: Drebes Laila Mayara , Larruscain Edilacir Dos Santos , Schuch Luiz Felipe , Barcelos Bartholomeo Oliveira
Published: September 2016

O estudo analisou incoerências sociais e culturais entre saberes escolares e familiares sobre as perspectivas profissionais de estudantes rurais de Ensino Médio através das percepções de professores e estudantes. De abordagem qualitativa, o trabalho foi conduzido como estudo de caso e amostrado por meio institucional, realizado no município de Tio Hugo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, em outubro de 2014. Os dados foram coletados com questionários, entrevistas, pesquisa bibliográfica e documental e analisados com a metodologia de análise de conteúdo. Notou-se um hiato entre discurso e prática docente sobre a concepção de escola. Os docentes não incrementam o meio rural e a agricultura em suas aulas, nem mesmo em momentos interdisciplinares. Os discentes rurais gostariam dessa integração e se sentem desmotivados. Os mesmos sonham com cursos técnicos agropecuários e graduações nas ciências agrárias acreditando que essa educação possa suprir suas necessidades como estudantes rurais. A escola de Ensino Médio reproduz a realidade sociocultural dominante e transmite saberes urbanizados que incentivam os estudantes rurais a perspectivas profissionais urbanas.
Do leaf-mining Nepticulidae occur in the natural but so threatened Andean Polylepis forests?
Authors: Stonis Jonas R. , Diškus Arūnas , Remeikis Andrius , Karsholt Ole
Published: September 2016

Despite the  fact that Polylepis forests constitute the  natural but threatened vegetation in much of the  high Andes and are very important for their ecological functions, no leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera, Nepticuloidea) associated with Polylepis Ruiz  &  Pav. as a  host-plant have been recorded previously. In this paper, for the first time, we report on four discoveries of Polylepis-feeding Nepticulidae species in Ecuador and Peru. From the high Andes of Peru, we describe a new species Stigmella polylepiella Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., whose larvae throughout all instars are leaf-miners in leaves of Polylepis racemosa Ruiz & Pav. and spin a unique shaped cocoon inside the leaf-mine. We also provide illustrations and short descriptions of male genitalia and leaf-mines of two other new Stigmella Schrank species, whose larvae are leaf-miners on Polylepis pauta Hieron. in Ecuador; these two taxa are documented but left unnamed because they are described from dissected developed pupae, not emerged adults. Additionally, we document leaf-mines of an unknown Nepticulidae taxon associated with Polylepis racemosa in the Peruvian Andes.
Cell electrotransfection and viability dependence on electrotransfection and viability dependence on electoporation medium
Authors: Ruzgys Paulius , Šatkauskas Saulius
Published: September 2016

Electroporation is a physical method that uses electric fields to increase membrane permeability. The method is widely used for intracellular drug and gene delivery. In this study we aimed to investigate the importance of the medium for efficiency of cell electrotransfection and viability following the application of electric field pulses. The experiments were performed using 2 different cell lines: Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (DC-3F) and 2 different electroporation media: SMEM (medium conductivity equal to 1.3 S/m) and laboratory-made low-conductivity (0.1 S/m) electroporation (EP) medium. Cells suspended in these media were supplemented with plasmid (10 µg/ml) encoding luciferase and then were treated with 1, 5, or 10 high-voltage (1200 V/cm, 100  µs, at 1  Hz) pulses. Transfection efficiency was determined by luciferase activity 24  h after cell treatment, while cell viability was determined by clonogenic assay. Results showed significant differences between cell lines and used electroporation media. CHO transfection was higher when electroporation was performed in low conductivity EP medium. Low transfection efficiency in SMEM medium resulted from low viability. In contrast, transfection efficiency of DC-3F cells was higher in SMEM. Possible mechanisms governing these differences are discussed.
Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato genospecies in Ixodes ricinus ticks feeding on passerine birds in southern Norway
Authors: Radzijevskaja Jana , Rosef Olav , Matulaitytė Vesta , Paulauskas Algimantas
Published: September 2016

Birds are increasingly considered important in the  global dispersal of tick-borne pathogens. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato genospecies in Ixodes ricinus ticks collected on passerine birds from two ornithological stations (Jomfruland and Lista) in southern Norway. In both sampling sites a total of 608 (109 larvae and 499 nymphs) of immature ticks were collected from 157 infested birds representing 26 species. The presence of B. burgdorferi s.l. DNA in ticks was tested using direct PCR amplification of the ospA gene, localized on lp-54 plasmid in B. burgdorferi s.l. genome. Twenty one out of 157 infested (13%) birds carried B. burgdorferi s.l. infected Ixodes ricinus ticks. B. burgdorferi s.l. DNA was detected in 19.7% of the tick samples. In total, 6.4% of larvae (7/109) and 10% of nymphs (50/499) were positive. The vast majority of infected ticks were found on blackbird (Turdus merula). The most frequent genospecies was B. garinii (85.5%), followed by B. afzelii (9.0%) and B. valaisiana (5.5%). Five different B. garinii genotypes were identified. Our findings showed that the blackbirds may support the circulation and spread of B. garinii and B. valaisiana. B. garinii was not detected in questing ticks from investigated locations. B. afzelii genospecies, however, dominated in questing ticks, rodents and ticks from rodents.
Investigation of foliar application of nano-micronutrientfertilizers and nano-titanium dioxide on some traits of barley
Authors: Janmohammadi Mohsen , Sabaghnia Naser , Dashti Shahryar , Nouraein Mojtaba
Published: September 2016

Nanofertilizers are new products which contain readily available nutrients in the nanoscale range and are preferred largely due to their efficiency. To investigate the effects of micronutrient nanofertilizers (iron and zinc) as F factor and nano-titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) solution as n factor on yield performance and some morphologic traits of barley, a field experiment was carried out with treating with chelated nanoscale zinc oxide (nano-ZnO) and ferric oxide (nano-Fe2O3) suspensions during three phonological stages. The treatment combination by trait (TT) biplot was used for two-way dataset as various treatment combinations (Fn) with multiple traits. The GT biplot explained 83% of the total variation of the standardized data. The polygon view of TT showed five vertex treatment combinations as F1n1, F1n2, F2n2, F3n1, and F3n2. Therefore, it seems that F3n1 treatment combination had the highest values for all of the  days to maturity, grain yield, straw yield, harvest index, spike length, number of fertile tillers, and grain weight per plant traits. The most prominent relations of tester-view biplot were: a strong positive association between days to maturity and straw yield and among grain yield, harvest index and spike length, while there was a near zero correlation of the number of tillers per plants with days to maturity and straw yield. It can be concluded that TiO2 nanoparticles and nano-micronutrient fertilizers (iron nano-chelate and zinc nano-chelate) could increase yield and yield components of barley. Our findings suggest that the foliar application of nanoparticles resulted in sustainable and high crop production, and among six treatment combinations, F3n2 (zinc nano-chelate with 2000 ppm nano-TiO2) indicated the best performance for most of the measured traits of barley.
La frontera como tragicomedia: “no puedo come in” si no está “open the door”
Authors: Ruiz Estramil Ivana Belén
Published: September 2016

Resumen: En este artículo se trata de abordar los procesos que tienen lugar en la frontera, tomando como base para dicho análisis una secuencia del film “¡Por mis…pistolas!”. Desde la construcción del “otro” y la construcción de un “nosotros”, hasta la acción de los dispositivos que intervienen en el espacio de la frontera, desde el desplazado como ser fronterizo hasta la estructura como marco de acción. Prestando atención al sujeto desplazado y por otro lado a los mecanismos, se intenta alcanzar la complejidad de las relaciones que se establecen en estos espacios y así también de los resultados en forma de categorización que derivan de las mismas, haciendo especial hincapié en los desplazamientos forzados que atraviesan las fronteras. Abstract: This article seeks to address the processes taking place on the borders; this analysis is based on a sequence of the film "¡Por mis… pistolas!”. Since the construction of the "other” and the construction of an "us "and the action of the dispositives involved in the space of the border, from the border to be displaced as the structure as framework for action. Paying attention to the displace subject and on the other hand the mechanisms, it is trying to reach the complexity of the relationships established in these areas and thus also results in the form of categorization resulting there from, with particular emphasis on forced displacement that they crossing borders.
Ni rojos ni ateos: las difíciles relaciones entre la España franquista y el exilio argentino
Authors: Martínez Rus Ana
Published: September 2016

RESUMEN: En este artículo se abordan las difíciles relaciones editoriales entre la España de Franco y el exilio argentino debido a la censura. La industria editorial argentina se desarrolló publicando los originales y traducciones prohibidas en la Península y con la colaboración de profesionales del libro y autores exiliados. Estas obras llegaban con notables obstáculos en pequeñas cantidades y para un público muy reducido.       ABSTRACT: This study approaches the difficult editorial relationships between Franco's Spain and the Argentine exile because of censorship. Argentina's publishing industry developed the originals and translations prohibited in Spain and in collaboration with book professionals and exiled authors. These books came with significant obstacles in small quantities and for a very small audience.     KEYWORD   PUBLISHING, ARGENTINA, FRANCO DICTATORSHIP, LOSADA
Temas y autores argentinos y latinoamericanos en proyectos editoriales de los exiliados gallegos en la Argentina durante la década del ‘40
Authors: Gerhardt Federico
Published: September 2016

Resumen En el contexto de la época de oro de la industria editorial argentina, un grupo de exiliados de ascendencia gallega desempeñó un papel destacado a través de la edición de revistas culturales y de colecciones de libros: De Mar a Mar y Correo Literario, Buen Aire, Mar Dulce, Paloma y Botella al Mar. El presente trabajo analiza el lugar que ocuparon los temas y los autores latinoamericanos –y, especialmente, argentinos– en esos proyectos editoriales, teniendo en cuenta las relaciones entre los exiliados y el campo cultural local. Palabras clave: Exilio español en Buenos Aires; historia de la edición; revistas literarias y culturales; Luis Seoane; Arturo Cuadrado.   Abstract In the context of the golden age of Argentina's publishing industry, a group of Galician exiles played a prominent role by publishing cultural magazines and book series: De Mar a Mar and Correo Literario, Buen Aire, Mar Dulce, Paloma and Botella al Mar. This paper analyzes the place occupied by the Latin American themes and the Latin American authors, especially Argentines, in these publishing projects, considering the relations between exiles and the local cultural field. Keywords: Spanish exile in Buenos Aires; publishing history; literary and cultural magazines; Luis Seoane; Arturo Cuadrado.
Ediciones propagandísticas españolas en Argentina durante la Guerra Civil y el primer Franquismo: la labor de José Ignacio Ramos
Authors: Montiel Rayo Francisca
Published: September 2016

Resumen Desde su nombramiento como agregado de Prensa de la representación oficiosa del Gobierno de Burgos en Argentina a principios de 1937, José Ignacio Ramos desarrolló una intensa actividad propagandística en aquel país que lo vinculó al mundo el libro, convirtiéndolo en editor ocasional, tanto durante la Guerra Civil como en los primeros años del franquismo. De acuerdo con las directrices de actuación establecidas por el régimen, Ramos ignoró la actividad editorial de las empresas promovidas por exiliados republicanos y silenció la publicación de sus obras. En defensa de los intereses gubernamentales participó asimismo en el debate sobre el problema de la venta de libros entre España y Argentina que se suscitó en aquellos años. Palabras clave: José Ignacio Ramos, propaganda, Guerra Civil, franquismo, editoriales. Abstract: Since he was appointed attaché in the unofficial legation of the Burgos Government in Argentina at the beginning of 1937, José Ignacio Ramos carried out an intense activity in propaganda in that country which led him to links with the book industry. This made him occasional publisher during the Civil War and in the first years of postwar Francoism. According to the guidelines set by the regime, Ramos ignored the publishing activity of the companies promoted by republican exiles and silenced the publishing of their works. In defense of the Government’s interests, he also took part in the debate on the book trade between Spain and Argentina which arose in those years. Kew Words: José Ignacio Ramos, propaganda, Civil War, Francoism, Publishing companies.
'Toward a Cultural Archive of la Movida: Back to the Future', de William J. Nichols y H. Rosi Song (eds.)
Authors: Del Val Ripollés Fernán
Published: September 2016

Reseña crítica de:William J. Nichols y H. Rosi Song (eds).(2014) Toward a Cultural Archive of la Movida: Back to the Future. Fairleigh Dickinson, 2014. ISBN 10: 1611476305. 359 páginas.
'Patologías de la realidad virtual. Cibercultura y ciencia ficción', de Teresa López-Pellisa
Authors: Sánchez Anguix Ana
Published: September 2016

Reseña crítica de:López-Pellisa, Teresa (2015): Patologías de la realidad virtual. Cibercultura y ciencia ficción. Madrid: Fondo de Cultura Económica. ISBN: 9788437507316, 279 págs.
'Queering acts of mourning in the aftermath of Argentina's Dictatorship: the Performances of Blood', de Cecilia Sosa
Authors: Lorente Queralt Núria
Published: September 2016

Reseña crítica de:Sosa, Cecilia (2014). Queering Acts of Mourning in the Aftermath of Argentina’s Dictatorship: The Performances of Blood. Woodbridge: Tamesis. ISBN: 9781855662797, 206 págs.
Del abuso de las palabras. La crisis de la crítica cinematográfica en Argentina
Authors: Valdez María
Published: September 2016

Resumen: el presente trabajo analiza la formación del modelo depreciado de la crítica cinematográfica argentina desde 1990 y toma como caso testigo la publicación especializada El amante. Se plantea la edificación  de  un sistema de validación mutua con el BAFICI (Buenos Aires Festival Internacional de Cine Independiente)  y la Universidad del Cine y cómo esto contribuye a la gestación de la marca Nuevo Cine Argentino.Abstract: This article analyses the forming of the devaluation model of Argentine film criticism since 1990, using El amante journal as a case study. The piece presents the construction of a mutual validation system by BAFICI (Buenos Aires International Independent Film Festival) and Universidad del Cine and how it contributed to the creation of New Argentine Cinema as a brand.
El conflicto saharaui y la cultura de la resistencia
Authors: M-Lamin Ahmed Mustapha
Published: September 2016

Presentación del dossier sobre cultura saharui contemporánea
Sid Ahmed Hnini, prisionero de Guerra número 4001
Authors: Ahmed Hnini Sid
Published: September 2016

Relato testimonial de Sid Ahmed Hnini.
Poesía y cultura de la resistencia. Tres poetas saharauis contemporáneos
Authors: M. Talebbuia Sidi , Boisha Limam , Abdalahi Hamudi Saleh
Published: September 2016

Selección de poemas
'Historia y cine. La construcción del pasado a través de la ficción', de Mónica Bolufer, Juan Gomis y Telesforo Hernández(eds.)
Authors: Barrenetxea Marañón Igor
Published: September 2016

Reseña crítica de:Bolufer, Mónica; Gomis, Juan y Hernández M. Telesforo (eds.) (2015), Historia y cine. La construcción del pasado a través de la ficción, Institución Fernando el Católico, Zaragoza. ISBN: 9788499113722, 216 págs.
Hemi-methylated DNA regulates DNA methylation inheritance through allosteric activation of H3 ubiquitylation by UHRF1
Authors: Harrison Joseph S , Cornett Evan M , Goldfarb Dennis , DaRosa Paul A , Li Zimeng M , Yan Feng , Dickson Bradley M , Guo Angela H , Cantu Daniel V , Kaustov Lilia , Brown Peter J , Arrowsmith Cheryl H , Erie Dorothy A , Major Michael B , Klevit Rachel E , Krajewski Krzysztof , Kuhlman Brian , Strahl Brian D , Rothbart Scott B
Published: September 2016

The epigenetic inheritance of DNA methylation requires UHRF1, a histone- and DNA-binding RING E3 ubiquitin ligase that recruits DNMT1 to sites of newly replicated DNA through ubiquitylation of histone H3. UHRF1 binds DNA with selectivity towards hemi-methylated CpGs (HeDNA); however, the contribution of HeDNA sensing to UHRF1 function remains elusive. Here, we reveal that the interaction of UHRF1 with HeDNA is required for DNA methylation but is dispensable for chromatin interaction, which is governed by reciprocal positive cooperativity between the UHRF1 histone- and DNA-binding domains. HeDNA recognition activates UHRF1 ubiquitylation towards multiple lysines on the H3 tail adjacent to the UHRF1 histone-binding site. Collectively, our studies are the first demonstrations of a DNA-protein interaction and an epigenetic modification directly regulating E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. They also define an orchestrated epigenetic control mechanism involving modifications both to histones and DNA that facilitate UHRF1 chromatin targeting, H3 ubiquitylation, and DNA methylation inheritance.
Presence versus absence of CYP734A50 underlies the style-length dimorphism in primroses
Authors: Huu Cuong Nguyen , Kappel Christian , Keller Barbara , Sicard Adrien , Takebayashi Yumiko , Breuninger Holger , Nowak Michael D , Bäurle Isabel , Himmelbach Axel , Burkart Michael , Ebbing-Lohaus Thomas , Sakakibara Hitoshi , Altschmied Lothar , Conti Elena , Lenhard Michael
Published: September 2016

Heterostyly is a wide-spread floral adaptation to promote outbreeding, yet its genetic basis and evolutionary origin remain poorly understood. In Primula (primroses), heterostyly is controlled by the S-locus supergene that determines the reciprocal arrangement of reproductive organs and incompatibility between the two morphs. However, the identities of the component genes remain unknown. Here, we identify the Primula CYP734A50 gene, encoding a putative brassinosteroid-degrading enzyme, as the G locus that determines the style-length dimorphism. CYP734A50 is only present on the short-styled S-morph haplotype, it is specifically expressed in S-morph styles, and its loss or inactivation leads to long styles. The gene arose by a duplication specific to the Primulaceae lineage and shows an accelerated rate of molecular evolution. Thus, our results provide a mechanistic explanation for the Primula style-length dimorphism and begin to shed light on the evolution of the S-locus as a prime model for a complex plant supergene.
Signaling a link between interferon and the traits of Down syndrome
Authors: Kirsammer Gina , Crispino John D
Published: September 2016

Elevated interferon signaling is a hallmark of Down syndrome.
The observation‐based relationships between PM2.5 and AOD over China
Authors: Xin Jinyuan , Gong Chongshui , Liu Zirui , Cong Zhiyuan , Gao Wenkang , Song Tao , Pan Yuepeng , Sun Yang , Ji Dongsheng , Wang Lili , Tang Guiqian , Wang Yuesi
Published: September 2016

This is the first investigation of the generalized linear regressions of PM2.5 and aerosol optical depth (AOD) with the Campaign on atmospheric Aerosol Research‐China network over the large high‐concentration aerosol region during the period from 2012 to 2013. The map of the PM2.5 and AOD levels showed large spatial differences in the aerosol concentrations and aerosol optical properties over China. The ranges of the annual mean PM2.5 and AOD were 10–117 µg/m3 and 0.12–1.11 from the clean regions to seriously polluted regions, from the almost “arctic” and the Tibetan Plateau to tropical environments. There were significant spatial agreements and correlations between the PM2.5 and AOD. However, the linear regression functions (PM2.5 = A*AOD + B) exhibited large differences in different regions and seasons. The slopes (A) were from 13 to 90, the intercepts (B) were from 0.8 to 33.3, and the correlation coefficients (R2) ranged from 0.06 to 0.75. The slopes (A) were much higher in the north (41–99) than in the south (13–64) because the extinction efficiency of hygroscopic aerosol was rapidly increasing with the increasing humidity from the dry north to the humid south. Meanwhile, the intercepts (B) were generally lower, and the correlation coefficients (R2) were much higher in the dry north than in the humid south. There was high consistency of AOD versus PM2.5 for all sites in three ranges of the atmospheric column precipitable water vapor (PWV). The segmented linear regression functions were y = 84.66x + 9.85 (PWV < 1.0), y = 69.47x + 11.87 (1.0 < PWV < 2.5), and y = 52.37x + 8.59 (PWV > 2.5). The correlation coefficients (R2) were high from 0.64 to 0.70 across China.
A new ionospheric electron precipitation module coupled with RAM‐SCB within the geospace general circulation model
Authors: Yu Yiqun , Jordanova Vania K. , Ridley Aaron J. , Albert Jay M. , Horne Richard B. , Jeffery Christopher A.
Published: September 2016

Electron precipitation down to the atmosphere due to wave‐particle scattering in the magnetosphere contributes significantly to the auroral ionospheric conductivity. In order to obtain the auroral conductivity in global MHD models that are incapable of capturing kinetic physics in the magnetosphere, MHD parameters are often used to estimate electron precipitation flux for the conductivity calculation. Such an MHD approach, however, lacks self‐consistency in representing the magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling processes. In this study we improve the coupling processes in global models with a more physical method. We calculate the physics‐based electron precipitation from the ring current and map it to the ionospheric altitude for solving the ionospheric electrodynamics. In particular, we use the BATS‐R‐US (Block Adaptive Tree Scheme‐Roe type‐Upstream) MHD model coupled with the kinetic ring current model RAM‐SCB (Ring current‐Atmosphere interaction Model with Self‐Consistent Magnetic field (B)) that solves pitch angle‐dependent electron distribution functions, to study the global circulation dynamics during the 25–26 January 2013 storm event. Since the electron precipitation loss is mostly governed by wave‐particle resonant scattering in the magnetosphere, we further investigate two loss methods of specifying electron precipitation loss associated with wave‐particle interactions: (1) using pitch angle diffusion coefficients Dαα(E,α) determined from the quasi‐linear theory, with wave spectral and plasma density obtained from statistical observations (named as “diffusion coefficient method”) and (2) using electron lifetimes τ(E) independent on pitch angles inferred from the above diffusion coefficients (named as “lifetime method”). We found that both loss methods demonstrate similar temporal evolution of the trapped ring current electrons, indicating that the impact of using different kinds of loss rates is small on the trapped electron population. However, for the precipitated electrons, the lifetime method hardly captures any precipitation in the large L shell (i.e., 4 < L < 6.5) region, while the diffusion coefficient method produces much better agreement with NOAA/POES measurements, including the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of electron precipitation in the region from the premidnight through the dawn to the dayside. Further comparisons of the precipitation energy flux to DMSP observations indicates that the new physics‐based precipitation approach using diffusion coefficients for the ring current electron loss can explain the diffuse electron precipitation in the dawn sector, such as the enhanced precipitation flux at auroral latitudes and flux drop near the subauroral latitudes, but the traditional MHD approach largely overestimates the precipitation flux at lower latitudes.
Coronal plasma diagnostics from ground‐based observations
Authors: Landi E. , Habbal S. R. , Tomczyk S.
Published: September 2016

In this paper we discuss the potential of ground‐based visible observations of the solar corona to address the key open problems in the physics of the solar atmosphere and of solar activity. We first compare the diagnostic potential of visible observations with those of high‐resolution spectrometers and narrowband imagers working in the EUV and X‐ray wavelength ranges. We then review the main diagnostic techniques (and introduce a few new ones) that can be applied to line and continuum emission in the solar atmosphere, and the physical problems that they enable us to address. Finally, we briefly review the main features of ground‐based coronographic instrumentation currently being developed and planned.
An improvement of the fractal theory and its application in pore structure evaluation and permeability estimation
Authors: Ge Xinmin , Fan Yiren , Deng Shaogui , Han Yujiao , Liu Jiaxiong
Published: September 2016

We present an improved fractal model for pore structure evaluation and permeability estimation based on the high pressure mercury porosimetry data. An accumulative fractal equation is introduced to characterize the piecewise nature of the capillary pressure and the mercury saturation. The iterative truncated singular value decomposition algorithm is developed to solve the accumulative fractal equation and obtain the fractal dimension distributions. Furthermore, the fractal dimension distributions and relevant parameters are used to characterize the pore structure and permeability. The results demonstrate that the proposed model provides better characterization of the mercury injection capillary pressure than conventional monofractal theory. In addition, there is a direct relationship between the pore structure types and the fractal dimension spectrums. What is more, the permeability is strongly correlated with the geometric and the arithmetic mean values of fractal dimensions, and the permeability estimated using these new fractal dimension parameters achieve excellent result. The improved model and solution give a fresh perspective of the conventional monofractal theory, which may be applied in many geological and geophysical fields.
An enhanced single‐channel algorithm for retrieving land surface temperature from Landsat series data
Authors: Wang Mengmeng , Zhang Zhaoming , He Guojin , Wang Guizhou , Long Tengfei , Peng Yan
Published: September 2016

Land surface temperature (LST) is a critical parameter in the physics of Earth surface processes and is required for many applications related to ecology and environment. Landsat series satellites have provided more than 30 years of thermal information at medium spatial resolution. This paper proposes an enhanced single‐channel algorithm (SCen) for retrieving LST from Landsat series data (Landsat 4 to Landsat 8). The SCen algorithm includes three atmospheric functions (AFs), and the latitude and acquisition month of Landsat image were added to the AF models to improve LST retrieval. Performance of the SCen algorithm was assessed with both simulated and in situ data, and accuracy of three single‐channel algorithms (including the monowindow algorithm developed by Qin et al., SCQin, and the generalized single‐channel algorithm developed by Jiménez‐Muñoz and Sobrino, SCJ&S) were compared. The accuracy assessments with simulated data had root‐mean‐square deviations (RMSDs) for the SCen, SCJ&S, and SCQin algorithms of 1.363 K, 1.858 K, and 2.509 K, respectively. Validation with in situ data showed RMSDs for the SCen and SCJ&S algorithms of 1.04 K and 1.49 K, respectively. It was concluded that the SCen algorithm is very operational, has good precision, and can be used to develop an LST product for Landsat series data.
Improved Properties of Carbon Nanotube‐Fluorhydroxyapatite Biocomposite: Mechanical, Chemical Stability, and Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Bai Yu‐Long , Bai Yu , Ma Wen , Jia Rui‐Lin , Zheng Xue‐Bin
Published: September 2016

A novel carbon nanotubes‐based fluoridated hydroxyapatite (CNTs/FHA) composite is prepared by an in situ chemical synthesis method and spark plasma sintering technology. The 1 wt% CNTs/FHA composite exhibits ≈82 and ≈86% improvement in fracture toughness and hardness, respectively. The chemical stability of the CNTs/FHA composite is evaluated by determining the Ca2+ ion release. The result indicates that the substitution of F− ions into the HA structure has a positive effect on the dissolution resistance of HA. The in vitro bioactivity assessment shows that the osteoblast proliferation and differentiation ability are improved. Further, it is observed that the composites can effectively inactivate oral bacteria. Therefore, the CNTs/FHA composite is expected to be a promising material for dental implants.
Highly Conductive and Environmentally Stable Organic Transparent Electrodes Laminated with Graphene
Authors: Chu Jae Hwan , Lee Do Hee , Jo Junhyeon , Kim Sung Youb , Yoo Jung‐Woo , Kwon Soon‐Yong
Published: September 2016

Improving the lifetime and the operational and thermal stability of organic thin‐film materials while maintaining high conductivity and mechanical flexibility is critical for flexible electronics applications. Here, it is reported that highly conductive and environmentally stable organic transparent electrodes (TEs) can be fabricated by mechanically laminating poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) films containing dimethylsulfoxide and Zonyl fluorosurfactant (PDZ films) with a monolayer graphene barrier. The proposed lamination process allows graphene to be coated onto the PDZ films uniformly and conformally with tight interfacial binding, free of wrinkles and air gaps. The laminated films exhibit an outstanding room‐temperature hole mobility of ≈85.1 cm2 V−1 s−1 since the graphene can serve as an effective bypass for charge carriers. The significantly improved stability of the graphene‐laminated TEs against high mechanical/thermal stress, humidity, and ultraviolet irradiation is particularly promising. Furthermore, the incorporation of the graphene barrier increases the expected lifetime of the TEs by more than two orders of magnitude.
Rehybridization of Nitrogen Atom Induced Photoluminescence Enhancement under Pressure Stimulation
Authors: Zhang Shitong , Dai Yuxiang , Luo Shengyuan , Gao Yu , Gao Na , Wang Kai , Zou Bo , Yang Bing , Ma Yuguang
Published: September 2016

The excited state properties of organic fluorescent materials are crucial for their photoelectronic performance. Here, a study on the highly efficient electrofluorescent material 4‐(2‐(4′‐(diphenylamino)‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4‐yl)‐1H‐phenanthro[9,10‐d]imidazol‐1‐yl)benzonitrile (TBPMCN) is carried out, focusing mainly on its crystal structure and photophysical properties under pressure stimulation. The special triangular‐cone (TC) configuration of triphenylamine group in TBPMCN crystal exhibits charge‐transfer (CT)‐dominated excited state property in TBPMCN, which gives rise to a blue‐shifted emission in the crystal. Theoretical calculations prove that the TC conformation is a dynamically metastable state, which is higher in energy than the three‐blade‐propeller (TBP) configuration. In a further piezochromic experiment, a unique rehybridization‐induced emission enhancement phenomenon is found in this crystal, which is essentially different from the aggregation‐induced emission enhancement (AIEE) mechanism. It can be assigned to the change of excited state property from a CT‐dominated state to a hybridized locally excited and charge‐transfer state, as a result of the rehybridization of nitrogen atom upon the increased external pressure. This work provides deep insight into the relationship between molecular structure and excited state properties in crystal by means of the pressure stimulation and further enriches the AIEE mechanism. Additionally, the large red‐shifted piezochromic phenomenon of this CT material is stressed.
Methods for Implant Acceptance and Wound Healing: Material Selection and Implant Location Modulate Macrophage and Fibroblast Phenotypes
Authors: Boddupalli Anuraag , Zhu Lida , Bratlie Kaitlin M.
Published: September 2016

This review focuses on materials and methods used to induce phenotypic changes in macrophages and fibroblasts. Herein, we give a brief overview on how changes in macrophages and fibroblasts phenotypes are critical biomarkers for identification of implant acceptance, wound healing effectiveness, and are also essential for evaluating the regenerative capabilities of some hybrid strategies that involve the combination of natural and synthetic materials. The different types of cells present during the host response have been extensively studied for evaluating the reaction to different materials and there are varied material approaches towards fabrication of biocompatible substrates. We discuss how natural and synthetic materials have been used to engineer desirable outcomes in lung, heart, liver, skin, and musculoskeletal implants, and how certain properties such as rigidity, surface shape, and porosity play key roles in the progression of the host response. Several fabrication strategies are discussed to control the phenotype of infiltrating macrophages and fibroblasts: decellularization of scaffolds, surface coatings, implant shape, and pore size apart from biochemical signaling pathways that can inhibit or accelerate unfavorable host responses. It is essential to factor all the different design principles and material fabrication criteria for evaluating the choice of implant materials or regenerative therapeutic strategies.
Energy Storage Performance Enhancement by Surface Engineering of Electrode Materials
Authors: Xu Jing , Jia Guichong , Mai Wenjie , Fan Hong Jin
Published: September 2016

Surface engineering of electrode materials to yield favorable electrochemical performance is a hot spot of current research in the energy storage area. Here, this Report highlights recent progress in rational surface engineering strategies in association with their effects on the electrochemical properties. The electrochemical performance enhancement due to both intrinsic nanostructuring and hybridization with surface functional species is elaborated. The focus here is lithium and sodium ion batteries, but the discussed surface engineering strategies may also apply to electrodes of other emergent devices such as metal‐sulfur and metal‐oxygen batteries.
Ten‐year cancer incidence in rescue/recovery workers and civilians exposed to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center
Authors: Li Jiehui , Brackbill Robert M. , Liao Tim S. , Qiao Baozhen , Cone James E. , Farfel Mark R. , Hadler James L. , Kahn Amy R. , Konty Kevin J. , Stayner Leslie T. , Stellman Steven D.
Published: September 2016

Background

Cancer incidence in exposed rescue/recovery workers (RRWs) and civilians (non‐RRWs) was previously reported through 2008.

Methods

We studied occurrence of first primary cancer among World Trade Center Health Registry enrollees through 2011 using adjusted standardized incidence ratios (SIRs), and the WTC‐exposure‐cancer association, using Cox proportional hazards models.

Results

All‐cancer SIR was 1.11 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–1.20) in RRWs, and 1.08 (95% CI 1.02–1.15) in non‐RRWs. Prostate cancer and skin melanoma were significantly elevated in both populations. Thyroid cancer was significantly elevated only in RRWs while breast cancer and non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma were significantly elevated only in non‐RRWs. There was a significant exposure dose‐response for bladder cancer among RRWs, and for skin melanoma among non‐RRWs.

Conclusions

We observed excesses of total and specific cancers in both populations, although the strength of the evidence for causal relationships to WTC exposures is somewhat limited. Continued monitoring of this population is indicated. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:709–721, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Asthma among Staten Island fresh kills landfill and barge workers following the September 11, 2001 World Trade Center terrorist attacks
Authors: Cone James E. , Osahan Sukhminder , Ekenga Christine C. , Miller‐Archie Sara A. , Stellman Steven D. , Fairclough Monique , Friedman Stephen M. , Farfel Mark R.
Published: September 2016

Background

Although airborne respiratory irritants at the World Trade Center (WTC) site have been associated with asthma among WTC Ground Zero workers, little is known about asthma associated with work at the Staten Island landfill or barges.

Methods

To evaluate the risk of asthma first diagnosed among Staten Island landfill and barge workers, we conducted a survey and multivariable logistic regression analysis regarding the association between Staten Island landfill and barge‐related work exposures and the onset of post‐9/11 asthma.

Results

Asthma newly diagnosed between September 11, 2001 and December 31, 2004 was reported by 100/1,836 (5.4%) enrollees. Jobs involving sifting, digging, welding, and steel cutting, enrollees with high landfill/barge exposure index scores or who were police and sanitation workers, and enrollees with probable posttraumatic stress disorder all had increased odds ratios for new‐onset asthma.

Conclusions

Post‐9/11 asthma cumulative incidence among Staten Island landfill/barge workers was similar to that of other WTC disaster rescue and recovery workers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:795–804, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Facile and Versatile Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Enterobactin Analogues and Applications in Bacterial Detection
Authors: Lee Albert A. , Chen Yi‐Chen S. , Ekalestari Elisa , Ho Sheng‐Yang , Hsu Nai‐Shu , Kuo Tang‐Feng , Wang Tsung‐Shing Andrew
Published: September 2016

Siderophores, such as enterobactin (Ent), are small molecules that can be selectively imported into bacteria along with iron by cognate transporters. Siderophore conjugates are thus a promising strategy for delivering functional reagents into bacteria. In this work, we present an easy‐to‐perform, one‐pot chemoenzymatic synthesis of functionalized monoglucosylated enterobactin (MGE). When functionalized MGE is conjugated to a rhodamine fluorophore, which affords RhB‐Glc‐Ent, it can selectively label Gram‐negative bacteria that utilize Ent, including some E. coli strains and P. aeruginosa. V. cholerae, a bacterium that utilizes linearized Ent, can also be weakly targeted. Moreover, the targeting is effective under iron‐limiting but not iron‐rich conditions. Our results suggest that the RhB‐Glc‐Ent probe is sensitive not only to the bacterial strain but also to the iron condition in the environment.
Dehydrierende Oxidation von Indolinen und anderen Heterocyclen durch frustrierte Lewis‐Paare
Authors: Maier Alexander F. G. , Tussing Sebastian , Schneider Tobias , Flörke Ulrich , Qu Zheng‐Wang , Grimme Stefan , Paradies Jan
Published: September 2016

Die akzeptorfreie Dehydrierung von Heterocyclen durch frustrierte Lewis‐Paare wurde entwickelt. Die Oxidation verläuft unter Abspaltung von molekularem Wasserstoff sowohl für N‐geschützte Indoline in exzellenten Ausbeuten als auch für vier weitere Substratklassen in guten Ausbeuten. Der Mechanismus dieser bisher unbeschriebenen Reaktion wird durch mechanistische Studien, durch Charakterisierung von Intermediaten mittels NMR‐Spektroskopie und Einkristallstrukturanalyse und durch quantenmechanische Rechnungen gestützt. Die Wasserstofffreisetzung des intermediär gebildeten Ammoniumhydridoboratsalzes ist der geschwindigkeitsbestimmende Schritt der Oxidation. Der Zusatz einer schwächeren Lewis‐Säure erhöht die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit um den Faktor 2.28.