bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Full harmonic spectrum calculation of magnetic pressures in synchronous permanent magnet machines based on a new realistic partial analytical model: application to SVPWM and DPWM2
Authors: Benharref Salma , Lanfranchi Vincent , Depernet Daniel , Hamiti Tahar , Bazhar Sara
Published: March 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose a new method that allows to compare the magnetic pressures of different pulse width modulation (PWM) strategies in a fast and efficient way.

Design/methodology/approach

The voltage harmonics are determined using the double Fourier integral. As for current harmonics and waveforms, a new generic model based on the Park transformation and a dq model of the machine was established taking saturation into consideration. The obtained analytical waveforms are then injected into a finite element software to compute magnetic pressures using nodal forces.

Findings

The overall proposed method allows to accelerate the calculations and the comparison of different PWM strategies and operating points as an analytical model is used to generate current waveforms.

Originality/value

While the analytical expressions of voltage harmonics are already provided in the literature for the space vector pulse width modulation, they had to be calculated for the discontinuous pulse width modulation. In this paper, the obtained expressions are provided. For current harmonics, different models based on a linear and a nonlinear model of the machine are presented in the referenced papers; however, these models are not generic and are limited to the second range of harmonics (two times the switching frequency). A new generic model is then established and used in this paper after being validated experimentally. And finally, the direct injection of analytical current waveforms in a finite element software to perform any magnetic computation is very efficient.
Heat transfer analysis of magnetohydrodynamics peristaltic fluid with inhomogeneous solid particles and variable thermal conductivity through curved passageway
Authors: Kanwal Atifa , Khan Ambreen A. , Sait Sadiq M. , Ellahi R.
Published: March 2024

Purpose

The particle distribution in a fluid is mostly not homogeneous. The inhomogeneous dispersion of solid particles affects the velocity profile as well as the heat transfer of fluid. This study aims to highlight the effects of varying density of particles in a fluid. The fluid flows through a wavy curved passage under an applied magnetic field. Heat transfer is discussed with variable thermal conductivity.

Design/methodology/approach

The mathematical model of the problem consists of coupled differential equations, simplified using stream functions. The results of the time flow rate for fluid and solid granules have been derived numerically.

Findings

The fluid and dust particle velocity profiles are being presented graphically to analyze the effects of density of solid particles, magnetohydrodynamics, curvature and slip parameters. Heat transfer analysis is also performed for magnetic parameter, density of dust particles, variable thermal conductivity, slip parameter and curvature. As the number of particles in the fluid increases, heat conduction becomes slow through the fluid. Increase in temperature distribution is noticed as variable thermal conductivity parameter grows. The discussion of variable thermal conductivity is of great concern as many biological treatments and optimization of thermal energy storage system’s performance require precise measurement of a heat transfer fluid’s thermal conductivity.

Originality/value

This study of heat transfer with inhomogeneous distribution of the particles in a fluid has not yet been reported.
A decade analysis of employees’ well-being and performance while working from home: a bibliometric approach
Authors: Goel Ridhima , Singla Jagdeep , Mittal Amit , Arora Meenal
Published: March 2024

Purpose

Work-from-home (WFH) has gained popularity over the past years. This study aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis to systematically review and synthesize scholarly literature on the complex interplay between WFH, employee well-being and performance.

Design/methodology/approach

The study incorporates analysis of the bibliometric including performance analysis, content analysis and scientific mapping that is applied to 497 Scopus papers. VOSviewer software was used to evaluate the data.

Findings

This study posits an imbalance between the count of documents and the citations earned by each author. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health was regarded as a leading journal with maximum citations and publications. The highest count of publications came from most Asian countries such as India, China, Indonesia and Japan. The investigation indicated that the writers with the maximum citations were predominantly the authors of the majorly cited papers. Further, the text mining through co-occurrence of keyword analysis generated five clusters and cocited references revealed three themes.

Practical implications

The current research might benefit both research groups as well as human resource professionals since it also reveals the research necessity and gaps in the WFH domain.

Originality/value

This research delves into unexplored facets of WFH beyond traditional studies over the past decade by examining remote work arrangements in today’s economy, revealing previously unnoticed dynamics affecting employee well-being and performance. This innovative viewpoint enhances the literature and provides an empirical foundation for strategic organizational decision-making and future study.
The influence of financial flexibility on firm performance: the moderating effects of investment efficiency and investment scale
Authors: Wu Wei , Le Chau , Shi Yulu , Alkaraan Fadi
Published: March 2024

Purpose

Financial flexibility and investment efficiency are of vital importance in strategic choices at boardrooms, particularly in post-crisis recovery strategies. This study examines the moderating effects of investment efficiency and investment scale on the relationship between financial flexibility and firm performance.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use sample of 10,755 US-listed firms over the period 2010–2021 to examine the relationships between investment scale, investment efficiency, financial flexibility and firm performance. Particular attention is paid to overinvestment and underinvestment.

Findings

Findings of this study reveal that financial flexibility mitigates investment inefficiency through reducing overinvestment. Financial flexibility contributes to boost a firm’s accounting and market performance. Additionally, investment efficiency and investment scale have moderating effects on the relationship between financial flexibility and firm performance. However, the influence of investment efficiency is greater than the influence of investment scale. Finally, the authors find that the direct and indirect effects of financial flexibility are stronger on market performance than accounting performance, implying that market is more sensitive to corporate financial policies.

Research limitations/implications

Findings of this study have implications for scholars, decision-makers policymakers, investors and other stakeholders.

Practical implications

This study has its own limitations due to the sample selection issues, country context and the research model adopted by this study.

Originality/value

The novel contribution to the extant literature is incorporating the influence of investment scale and investment efficiency into the relationship between financial flexibility and firm performance.
Viewpoint: the evolving landscape of peer review
Authors: Mogaji Emmanuel
Published: March 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this viewpoint is to spotlight the role of reviewers within the collaborative triad of academic publishing. It argues that the significance of reviewers is often disregarded, leading to a gap in our understanding of the peer review process. This perspective emphasizes reviewers as unsung heroes in the publishing ecosystem, providing intentional and thought-provoking insights into the less-discussed yet impactful developments in the evolving peer review landscape.

Design/methodology/approach

Leveraging the author’s distinguished background as a recipient of theJournal of Service MarketingOutstanding Reviewer Award, this paper offers a personal reflection and synthesised viewpoints on the peer review process. Serving as a representative voice for reviewers, it provides insightful perspectives from the vantage point of a peer reviewer, diverging from conventional editorials and commentaries authored by editors.

Findings

Acknowledging the shrinking reviewer pool, this viewpoint suggests a mandatory “review for review” system alongside incentives like editorial positions, while considering financial rewards for reviewers. The rise of generative artificial intelligence (AI) in review prompts ethical concerns but offers solutions for handling diverse submissions and dealing with “Reviewer 2.” While embracing open review for its transparency, potential pitfalls surrounding article confidence and copyright require attention. Ultimately, this viewpoint advocates for a collaborative approach, valuing reviewers, exploring innovative solutions, navigating ethical dilemmas in the technological age and implementing transparent practices responsibly for the betterment of scholarly discourse.

Originality/value

This viewpoint highlights the invaluable contributions of reviewers, enriching the scholarly community and promoting intellectual growth.
Unravelling the biogeographic determinants of tree growth sensitivity to freeze and drought in Canada's forests
Authors: Girardin Martin P. , Guo Xiao Jing , Marchand William , Depardieu Claire
Published: March 2024

The evolutionary dynamics of tree species are influenced by their specific climatic environments, and their ability to persist is determined by adaptive strategies such as broad climate tolerance, phenotypic plasticity or genetic differentiation. Biogeographical predictions indicate that populations located at the edges of their ranges are more likely to experience heightened vulnerability to climatic fluctuations due to approaching tolerance limits. However, if local phenotypic acclimation or genetic adaptation has taken place, trees near the edge of their range could demonstrate comparable sensitivity to freeze and drought as the rest of the sampled population. Nevertheless, there remains uncertainty regarding the extent of developmental and evolutionary adjustments in climate sensitivity across the entire ranges of many tree species.

Here, we document the biogeography of tree growth sensitivity to freeze and soil water and vapour pressure deficits during 1950–2018 using an extensive multi‐species tree‐ring dataset of 35,784 trees at 4535 sites covering boreal, temperate conifer and temperate deciduous forests of Canada. We quantify the relationships between tree radial growth increment and seasonal climate variables and explore factors driving the observed patterns of annual growth and climate sensitivity such as species, regional climate and local site conditions, and tree age and size.

Freeze and drought had widespread impacts on tree growth that were contingent on the presence of focal species in interaction with tree size. An indirect growth thermal limitation towards cold/wet edges, occurring through the site moisture conditions, was observed in seven widespread species (e.g. Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Larix laricina). Moreover, six species had negative drought impacts more strongly expressed towards their warm/dry edges (e.g. Abies balsamea, Betula papyrifera and Pseudotsuga menziesii). However, widespread Picea, Pinus and Populus species showed no indication of increased sensitivity to soil water conditions at these edges.

Synthesis. Our findings support the idea of evolutionary or acclimatization adjustments in the development of populations in response to long‐term climate conditions experienced in their respective locations. This underscores the importance of incorporating phenotypic and genomic data into future analyses of climate change impacts, which would enhance our ability to predict potential ecological shifts.
Rural–urban differences in out‐of‐network treatment initiation and engagement rates for substance use disorders
Authors: Raver Eli , Retchin Sheldon M. , Li Yiting , Carlo Andrew D. , Xu Wendy Y.
Published: March 2024

Objective

To examine rural–urban disparities in substance use disorder treatment access and continuation.

Data Sources and Study Setting

We analyzed a 2016–2018 U.S. national secondary dataset of commercial insurance claims.

Study Design

This cross‐sectional study examined individuals with a new episode of opioid, alcohol, or other drug use disorders. Treatment initiation and engagement rates, and rates of using out‐of‐network providers for these services, were compared between rural and urban patients.

Data Collection

We included individuals 18–64 years old with continuous employer‐sponsored insurance.

Principal Findings

Patients in rural settings experienced lower treatment initiation rates for alcohol (36.6% vs. 38.0%, p < 0.001), opioid (41.2% vs. 44.2%, p < 0.001), and other drug (37.7% vs. 40.1%, p < 0.001) use disorders, relative to those in urban areas. Similarly, rural patients had lower treatment engagement rates for alcohol (15.1% vs. 17.3%, p < 0.001), opioid (21.0% vs. 22.6%, p < 0.001), and other drug (15.5% vs. 17.5%, p < 0.001) use disorders. Rural patients had higher out‐of‐network rates for treatment initiation for other drug use disorders (20.4% vs. 17.2%, p < 0.001), and for treatment engagement for alcohol (27.6% vs. 25.2%, p = 0.006) and other drug (36.1% vs. 31.1%, p < 0.001) use disorders.

Conclusions

These findings indicate that individuals with substance use disorders in rural areas have lower rates of initial and ongoing treatment, and are more likely to seek care out‐of‐network.
Landscape‐level determinants of the performance of an agglomeration bonus in conservation auctions
Authors: Nguyen Chi , Latacz‐Lohmann Uwe , Hanley Nick
Published: March 2024

The agglomeration bonus (AB) has been advocated as an incentive mechanism to boost spatially coordinated conservation efforts, where such coordination is thought to be beneficial to achieving biodiversity or other ecological outcomes. Specifically, an AB is paid to individual landholders if their conserved habitats are spatially connected to the conserved habitats of adjacent neighbours. This paper employs a series of controlled lab experiments with agriculture students to investigate the performance of AB in budget‐constrained discriminatory‐price auctions across different landscape types. We focus on the spatial correlation of opportunity costs and environmental benefits as one potentially important aspect of the landscape. We set up a stylised agricultural landscape where the conservation agency aims to connect fragmented wildlife habitats by incentivising farmers to enrol land in a conservation programme. We investigate the effects of an AB in landscapes where opportunity costs and environmental benefits are uncorrelated, negatively correlated or positively correlated over space. We found that the benefits of an AB in improving landscape‐scale environmental outcomes were significant in the positive correlation landscape. However, the AB resulted in worse outcomes in the uncorrelated and negative landscapes.
A molecular index for biological age identified from the metabolome and senescence‐associated secretome in humans
Authors: Hamsanathan Shruthi , Anthonymuthu Tamil , Prosser Denise , Lokshin Anna , Greenspan Susan L. , Resnick Neil M. , Perera Subashan , Okawa Satoshi , Narasimhan Giri , Gurkar Aditi U.
Published: March 2024

Unlike chronological age, biological age is a strong indicator of health of an individual. However, the molecular fingerprint associated with biological age is ill‐defined. To define a high‐resolution signature of biological age, we analyzed metabolome, circulating senescence‐associated secretome (SASP)/inflammation markers and the interaction between them, from a cohort of healthy and rapid agers. The balance between two fatty acid oxidation mechanisms, β‐oxidation and ω‐oxidation, associated with the extent of functional aging. Furthermore, a panel of 25 metabolites, Healthy Aging Metabolic (HAM) index, predicted healthy agers regardless of gender and race. HAM index was also validated in an independent cohort. Causal inference with machine learning implied three metabolites, β‐cryptoxanthin, prolylhydroxyproline, and eicosenoylcarnitine as putative drivers of biological aging. Multiple SASP markers were also elevated in rapid agers. Together, our findings reveal that a network of metabolic pathways underlie biological aging, and the HAM index could serve as a predictor of phenotypic aging in humans.
Lived experiences of Sri Lankan Tamil refugees in the UK: Migration and identity
Authors: Warren Jana , Nigbur Dennis
Published: March 2024

Sri Lankan Tamil refugees (SLTRs) have lived in the United Kingdom in substantial numbers for about three decades. However, they remain under‐represented in academic and public discourse, and little is known about their migration experiences. This study examined first‐hand accounts of such experiences, with special attention paid to identity and acculturation. Data were collected through four semi‐structured interviews and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). The results suggest that SLTRs' experience of conflict as an imposed life disruption continues to shape their adaptation, identity, and meaning‐making (“Afflicted life”). Changing social identities mediate protection from, as well as risk of, trauma. SLTRs try to remedy the socio‐economic and emotional losses suffered in the conflict, but achieve only a partial compensation. Consequently their repair efforts are a source not only of positive emotions but also of dissatisfaction (“Living past”). Finally, participants' sense of belonging and quest for home represent a challenging socio‐emotional process in which they continue to engage even decades after migration (“Continuing quest for home”). This nuanced analysis of how the past continues to shape lived experience, contributes to the under‐developed literature on qualitative psychological investigations of acculturation, research on forced migration, and the establishment of IPA in social psychology.
System circumvention: Dishonest‐illegal transgressions are perceived as justified in non‐meritocratic societies
Authors: Koo Hyunjin J. , Piff Paul K. , Moskowitz Jake P. , Shariff Azim F.
Published: March 2024

Does believing that “effort doesn't pay” in society shape how people view dishonest‐illegal transgressions? Across five studies, we show that when people view societal success as non‐meritocratic—that is, more dependent on luck and circumstances than on hard work—they are more lenient in their moral judgements of dishonest‐illegal transgressions. Perceiving society as non‐meritocratic predicted greater justifiability of dishonest‐illegal transgressions in the United States (Study 2), and across 42 countries (N = 49,574; Study 1). And inducing participants to view society as non‐meritocratic increased justifiability of others' dishonest‐illegal transgressions, via greater feelings of sympathy (Studies 3 and 4). Next, we investigated the contours of these effects. Perceiving societal success as non‐meritocratic rather than based on hard work causes people to view dishonest‐illegal transgressions as more justifiable if they are perpetrated by the poor, but not the rich (Study 4), and if the dishonest‐illegal transgressions are related to economic striving, such as money laundering and dealing illegal drugs (Study 5). In sum, when people see a social system as unfair, they show greater tolerance for dishonest‐illegal transgressions perpetrated to circumvent the system.
A 52‐week efficacy and safety study of enavogliflozin versus dapagliflozin as an add‐on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: ENHANCE‐M extension study
Authors: Sohn Tae Seo , Han Kyung‐Ah , Kim Yonghyun , Lee Byung‐Wan , Chon Suk , Jeong In‐Kyung , Hong Eun‐Gyoung , Son Jang Won , Na JaeJin , Cho Jae Min , In Cho Seong , Huh Wan , Yoon Kun‐Ho
Published: March 2024

Aim

To evaluate the long‐term safety and efficacy of enavogliflozin 0.3 mg/day added to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Materials and Methods

After 24 weeks of a randomized, double‐blind treatment period with enavogliflozin 0.3 mg/day (n = 101) or dapagliflozin 10 mg/day (n = 99) added to metformin, all patients received enavogliflozin 0.3 mg/day plus metformin for an additional 28 weeks during the open‐label extension period.

Results

Eighty‐two patients continued enavogliflozin (maintenance group), and 77 were switched from dapagliflozin to enavogliflozin (switch group). All adverse drug reactions (ADR) were mild in severity. In the maintenance group, ADRs (cystitis and vaginal infection) were reported in two patients (2.44%) during 52 weeks. In the switch group, ADR (hypoglycaemia) was reported in one patient (1.30%) during a 28‐week open‐label extension period. At week 52, glycated haemoglobin and fasting plasma glucose were significantly lower than at the baseline, by 0.85% and 29.08 mg/dl, respectively, in the maintenance group (p < .0001 for both), and by 0.81% and 32.77 mg/dl, respectively, in the switch group (p < .0001 for both). At week 52, 68.92% of patients from the maintenance group and 64.29% from the switch group achieved glycated haemoglobin <7%. A significant increase in the urine glucose‐creatinine ratio was observed at week 52, by 58.81 g/g and 63.77 g/g in the maintenance and switch groups, respectively (p < .0001).

Conclusions

Enavogliflozin added to metformin was tolerated well for up to 52 weeks and provided continual glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus, along with a significant increase in the urine glucose‐creatinine ratio.
Sex‐specific associations between haemoglobin glycation index and the risk of cardiovascular and all‐cause mortality in individuals with pre‐diabetes and diabetes: A large prospective cohort study
Authors: Yang Jingqi , Shangguan Qing , Xie Guobo , Yang Ming , Sheng Guotai
Published: March 2024

Aim

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the haemoglobin glycation index (HGI), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all‐cause mortality in adults with pre‐diabetes and diabetes.

Methods

This study included 10 267 adults with pre‐diabetes and diabetes from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999‐2018. Sex‐differentiated relationships between HGI and mortality were elucidated using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models, restricted cubic splines and a two‐piecewise Cox proportional hazards model.

Results

During the median follow‐up time of 103.5 months, a total of 535 CVD deaths and 1918 all‐cause deaths were recorded. After multivariate adjustment, in males with pre‐diabetes and diabetes, there was a U‐shaped relationship between HGI and CVD mortality and all‐cause mortality, with threshold points of −0.68 and −0.63, respectively. Before the threshold point, HGI was negatively associated with CVD mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 0.60; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.41, 0.89] and all‐cause mortality (HR 0.56; 95% CI 0.43, 0.74), and after the threshold point, HGI was positively associated with CVD mortality (HR 1.46; 95% CI 1.23, 1.73) and all‐cause mortality (HR 1.40; 95% CI 1.23, 1.59). In contrast, HGI had an L‐shaped relationship with all‐cause mortality and no significant association with CVD mortality in females. To the left of the threshold points, the risk of all‐cause mortality decreased (HR 0.50; 95% CI 0.35, 0.71) progressively with increasing HGI.

Conclusions

In the cohort study, HGI in pre‐diabetic and diabetic populations was found to have a U‐shaped association with CVD mortality and all‐cause mortality in males and an L‐shaped association with all‐cause mortality only in females. Further prospective and mechanistic studies are warranted.
Grassland degradation amplifies the negative effect of nitrogen enrichment on soil microbial community stability
Authors: Zhang Hongjin , Chen Weile , Dong Lizheng , Wang Wei
Published: March 2024

Although nitrogen (N) enrichment is known to threaten the temporal stability of aboveground net primary productivity, it remains unclear how it alters that of belowground microbial abundance and whether its impact can be regulated by grassland degradation. Using data from N enrichment experiments at temperate grasslands with no, moderate, severe, and extreme degradation degrees, we quantified the temporal stability of soil microbial abundance (hereafter ‘microbial community stability’) using the ratio of the mean quantitative PCR to its standard deviation over 4 years. Both bacterial and fungal community stability sharply decreased when N input exceeded 30 g N m−2 year−1 in non‐degraded grasslands, whereas a reduction in this threshold occurred in degraded grasslands. Microbial species diversity, species asynchrony, and species associations jointly altered microbial community stability. Interestingly, the linkages between plant and microbial community stability were strengthened in degraded grasslands, suggesting that plants and soil microbes might depend on each other to keep stable communities in harsh environments. Our findings highlighted the importance of grassland degradation in regulating the responses of microbial community stability to N enrichment and provided experimental evidence for understanding the relationships between plant and microbial community stability.
How to conduct a bibliometric content analysis: Guidelines and contributions of content co‐occurrence or co‐word literature reviews
Authors: Klarin Anton
Published: March 2024

Literature reviews summarize existing literature, uncover research gaps, and offer future research directions, thus aiding in theoretical and methodological development. Informetric research including bibliometric, scientometric, webometric, cybermetric, patentometric, and altmetric methods are becoming increasingly prevalent in conducting literature review studies. Looking at the common informetric literature review methods—citation, co‐citation, co‐author, bibliographic coupling, and content co‐occurrence analyses, this study aims to serve as a guide in using content co‐occurrence also known as co‐word analysis to conduct literature reviews. This study outlines a variety of informetric research methods and how they are utilized to conduct review and evidence‐based conceptual studies. In addition to the analyses, the study highlights different informetric software packages like Bibliometrix, Biblioshiny, Leximancer, NVivo, and CiteSpace including their comparison. The study further discusses contributions of algorithm‐based content analyses including offering taxonomies, definitions, classifications, typologies, comparisons, and theoretical development to constitute integrative literature reviews. Finally, this study offers step‐by‐step guidelines for conducting a review study using VOSviewer content co‐occurrence analysis while providing a systems view of informetric research in social science. The study also notes the emergence of generative artificial intelligence (AI) like Open AI's ChatGPT, Google's Bard, Elicit, Scite, Research Rabbit, and ChatPDF among others, and its potential in contributing to the literature review methods and, as such, being an interesting direction for future research.
Consensus statement on the diagnosis and treatment of sclerosing diseases of the skin, Part 2: Scleromyxoedema and scleroedema
Authors: Knobler Robert , Geroldinger‐Simić Marija , Kreuter Alexander , Hunzelmann Nicolas , Moinzadeh Pia , Rongioletti Franco , Denton Christopher , Mouthon Luc , Cutolo Maurizio , Smith Vanessa , Gabrielli Armando , Bagot Martine , Olesen Anne B. , Foeldvari Ivan , Jalili Ahmad , Kähäri Veli Matti , Kárpáti Sarolta , Kofoed Kristian , Olszewska Malgorzata , Panelius Jaana , Quaglino Pietro , Seneschal Julien , Sticherling Michael , Sunderkötter Cord , Tanew Adrian , Wolf Peter , Worm Margitta , Skrok Anna , Rudnicka Lidia , Krieg Thomas
Published: March 2024

The term ‘sclerosing diseases of the skin’ comprises specific dermatological entities, which have fibrotic changes of the skin in common. These diseases mostly manifest in different clinical subtypes according to cutaneous and extracutaneous involvement and can sometimes be difficult to distinguish from each other. The present consensus provides an update to the 2017 European Dermatology Forum Guidelines, focusing on characteristic clinical and histopathological features, diagnostic scores and the serum autoantibodies most useful for differential diagnosis. In addition, updated strategies for the first‐ and advanced‐line therapy of sclerosing skin diseases are addressed in detail. Part 2 of this consensus provides clinicians with an overview of the diagnosis and treatment of scleromyxoedema and scleroedema (of Buschke).
Importance of specific vital signs in nurses' recognition and response to deteriorating patients: A scoping review
Authors: Considine Julie , Casey Penelope , Omonaiye Olumuyiwa , van Gulik Nantanit , Allen Joshua , Currey Judy
Published: March 2024

Aim(s)

To explore the published research related to nurses' documentation and use of vital signs in recognising and responding to deteriorating patients.

Design

Scoping review of international, peer‐reviewed research studies.

Data Sources

Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature Complete, Medline Complete, American Psychological Association PsycInfo and Excerpta Medica were searched on 25 July 2023.

Reporting Method

Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for scoping reviews.

Results

Of 3880 potentially eligible publications, 32 were included. There were 26 studies of nurses' vital sign documentation: 21 adults and five paediatric. The most and least frequently documented vital signs were blood pressure and respiratory rate respectively. Seven studies focused on vital signs and rapid response activation or afferent limb failure. Five studies of vital signs used to trigger the rapid response system showed heart rate was the most frequent and respiratory rate and conscious state were the least frequent. Heart rate was least likely and oxygen saturation was most likely to be associated with afferent limb failure (n = 4 studies).

Conclusion

Despite high reliance on using vital signs to recognise clinical deterioration and activate a response to deteriorating patients in hospital settings, nurses' documentation of vital signs and use of vital signs to activate rapid response systems is poorly understood. There were 21studies of nurses' vital sign documentation in adult patients and five studies related to children.

Implications for the profession and/or patient care

A deeper understanding of nurses' decisions to assess (or not assess) specific vital signs, analysis of the value or importance nurses place (or not) on specific vital sign parameters is warranted. The influence of patient characteristics (such as age) or the clinical practice setting, and the impact of nurses' workflows of vital sign assessment warrants further investigation.

Patient or Public Contribution

No Patient or Public Contribution.
Micronutrient supplementation practices in relation to the World Health Organisation 2013 guidelines on management of severe acute malnutrition
Authors: Nanga Doris Cement , Carboo Janet A. , Chatenga Humphrey , Nienaber Arista , Conradie Cornelia , Lombard Martani , Dolman‐Macleod Robin Claire
Published: March 2024

In 2013, the World Health Organisation (WHO) updated the recommendations for micronutrient deficiency correction in hospitalised under‐5 children with complicated severe acute malnutrition (SAM). This study aimed to describe the micronutrient deficiency correction practices in relation to WHO 2013 recommendations. Data from medical records of under‐5 children admitted for SAM management at two hospitals in South Africa and three tertiary hospitals in Ghana were extracted. Micronutrient correction practices were compared to the WHO 2013 recommendations by considering the dosage, timing of micronutrient supplementation (vitamin A, iron and folic acid) and therapeutic feeds administered. In total, 723 medical records were included. Nearly half (48.3%) of the children received at least one of the studied micronutrients as a supplement. Vitamin A was supplemented in 27.4% of the children, while iron and folic acid were supplemented in 9.5% and 34.9%, respectively. Among the children who received vitamin A, 60.1% received the first dose on Day 1 of admission. Also, 46.4% of the iron‐supplemented children received iron within the first week of admission. Vitamin A, iron and folic acid were administered within the dose range of 100,000–180,000 IU, 3.1–7.7 mg per kg per day, and 3–5 mg per day, respectively. Additionally, 71.7% of the children reportedly received therapeutic feeds that met WHO recommendations. The micronutrient deficiency correction practices regarding dose and timing differed from the 2013 WHO guidelines. Qualitative studies investigating the reasons for the disparities are recommended.
A tail of two horses? Guard cell abscisic acid and carbon dioxide signalling in the Equisetum ferns
Authors: Chater Caspar C. C.
Published: March 2024

This article is a Commentary on Meigas et al. (2024), 243: 513–518.
A qualitative investigation into care‐leavers' experiences of accessing mental health support
Authors: Phillips Alice R. , Hiller Rachel M. , Halligan Sarah L. , Lavi Iris , Macleod John A. A. , Wilkins David
Published: March 2024

Introduction

People who grew up under the care of children's social services are a highly vulnerable group, with 50% of this population meeting the criteria for a mental health problem at any one time. Emerging evidence suggests that there is a disparity between the number of people who require support, and those that receive it, and that they face several barriers to accessing timely and effective mental health support. We have a limited understanding of how to support the mental health of this group as they ‘age out’ of children's social services, and the transition to independence, which occurs around the age of 18. We aimed to explore how care‐leavers understand their experiences of help‐seeking from formal mental health services.

Methods

We used qualitative interviews, and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis with 9 care‐experienced young people aged between 18 and 25 years old. This work was co‐produced by a team of care‐experienced adults, from the conception of the study to write‐up.

Results

Qualitative analysis revealed several themes which centred around: (1) taking reluctant steps towards recovery, (2) challenges with being understood and the importance of gaining an understanding of yourself, (3) navigating trust and (4) the legacy of not having your mental health needs met.

Conclusions

We identified several important implications for health and social care practice, across primary and secondary health care settings. This work highlights ways to better support this highly vulnerable group in accessing evidence‐based mental health support, and how to maintain engagement.
Potential of using medicinal plant extracts as photosensitizers for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy
Authors: Mikulich Aliaksandr V. , Plavskii Vitaly Yu. , Tretyakova Antonina I. , Nahorny Raman K. , Sobchuk Andrey N. , Dudchik Natalia V. , Emeliyanova Olga A. , Zhabrouskaya Anastasia I. , Plavskaya Ludmila G. , Ananich Tatsiana S. , Dudinova Olga N. , Leusenka Ihar A. , Yakimchuk Sergey V. , Svechko Alexei D. , Tien Tran Quoc , Tong Quang Cong , Nguyen Thanh Phuong
Published: March 2024

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) is a promising approach to overcome antimicrobial resistance. However, for widespread implementation of this approach, approved photosensitizers are needed. In this study, we used commercially available preparations (Calendulae officinalis floridis extract, Chamomillae recutitae floridis extract, Achillea millefolii herbae extract; Hypericum perforatum extract; Eucalyptus viminalis folia extract) as photosensitizers for inactivation of gram‐negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and gram‐positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. Spectral‐luminescent analysis has shown that the major chromophores are of chlorophyll (mainly chlorophyll a and b) and hypericin nature. The extracts are efficient generators of singlet oxygen with quantum yield (γΔ) from 0.40 to 0.64 (reference compound, methylene blue with γΔ = 0.52). In APDT assays, bacteria before irradiation were incubated with extracts for 30 min. After irradiation and 24 h of incubation, colony‐forming units (CFU) were counted. Upon exposure of P. aeruginosa to radiation of 405 nm, 590 nm, and 660 nm at equal energy dose of 30 J/cm2 (irradiance – 100 mW/cm2, exposure time – 5 min), the most pronounced effect is observed with blue light (>3 log10 reduction); in case of S. aureus, the effect is approximately equivalent for light of indicated wavelengths and dose (>4 log10 reduction).
Real‐time heart rate variability biofeedback amplitude during a large‐scale digital mental health intervention differed by age, gender, and mental and physical health
Authors: Aschbacher Kirstin , Mather Mara , Lehrer Paul , Gevirtz Richard , Epel Elissa , Peiper Nicholas C.
Published: March 2024

Heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB) is an efficacious treatment for depression and anxiety. However, translation to digital mental health interventions (DMHI) requires computing and providing real‐time HRVB metrics in a personalized and user‐friendly fashion. To address these gaps, this study validates a real‐time HRVB feedback algorithm and characterizes the association of the main algorithmic summary metric—HRVB amplitude—with demographic, psychological, and health factors. We analyzed HRVB data from 5158 participants in a therapist‐supported DMHI incorporating slow‐paced breathing to treat depression or anxiety symptoms. A real‐time feedback metric of HRVB amplitude and a gold‐standard research metric of low‐frequency (LF) power were computed for each session and then averaged within‐participants over 2 weeks. We provide HRVB amplitude values, stratified by age and gender, and we characterize the multivariate associations of HRVB amplitude with demographic, psychological, and health factors. Real‐time HRVB amplitude correlated strongly (r = .93, p < .001) with the LF power around the respiratory frequency (~0.1 Hz). Age was associated with a significant decline in HRVB (β = −0.46, p < .001), which was steeper among men than women, adjusting for demographic, psychological, and health factors. Resting high‐ and low‐frequency power, body mass index, hypertension, Asian race, depression symptoms, and trauma history were significantly associated with HRVB amplitude in multivariate analyses (p's < .01). Real‐time HRVB amplitude correlates highly with a research gold‐standard spectral metric, enabling automated biofeedback delivery as a potential treatment component of DMHIs. Moreover, we identify demographic, psychological, and health factors relevant to building an equitable, accurate, and personalized biofeedback user experience.
Bridging the cyber protection gap: An investigation into the efficacy of the German cyber insurance market
Authors: Cremer Frank , Sheehan Barry , Fortmann Michael , Mullins Martin , Murphy Finbarr , Materne Stefan
Published: March 2024

Cybersecurity requires an effective risk transfer regime and a well‐functioning insurance market to improve stakeholder resilience. However, rapid cyber threat adaptation, limited data availability, and inadequate risk understanding pose significant challenges for the insurance industry and its customers. This research uses a mixed methods approach to analyze the inclusions, exclusions, and suitability of current cyber policies in the German cyber insurance market. The study analyzes 41 cyber insurance policies, representing about 80% of the German cyber insurance market. This examination is supported by semistructured interviews with 23 cyber insurance experts. The authors find that there are no standardized cyber policy wordings, and insurers use different terms and definitions in their insurance policies. Specifically, the results show a significant lack of clarity around coverages and exclusions. This research contributes to the cybersecurity risk management community and will enable businesses, insurance companies, and policymakers to better understand, measure, and manage cyber risk.
Percepción de madres sobre la atención de enfermería en el servicio de crecimiento y desarrollo
Authors: Madero Zambrano Kendy Paola , Manrique Anaya Yolima Marleby , Guerrero Camargo Sergio Andrés , Lopez Correa Laura Mercedes
Published: March 2024

Introducción: EL programa de crecimiento y desarrollo es una estrategia que permite identificar la evolución adecuada de los menores de 5 años a través de la valoración de los profesionales de enfermería. Objetivo: Determinar la Satisfacción De Madres Sobre La Calidad De La Atención Recibida Por Enfermería En El Servicio De Control De Crecimiento Y Desarrollo. Cartagena 2022. Materiales y Métodos: estudio cuantitativo descriptivo de tipo transversal. La muestra correspondió a 604 madres con hijos menores de 1 año que asisten al Control de Crecimiento y Desarrollo y que desearan participar en el estudio, para la recolección de la información se aplicó el instrumento tipo escala de Likert denominado: Satisfacción de la madre   Resultados: las madres adultas jóvenes evalúan la dimensión humana como alta dada la habilidad del profesional para hacer empatía con el menor, la dimensión oportuna, continua y segura estuvo en alta a razón que logra identificar las necesidades del menor y brindar las orientaciones precisas además de mantener la seguridad durante la consulta, el porcentaje de las dimensiones estuvo por encima del 80% Conclusión: Influye el comportamiento y las habilidades del profesional en enfermería para garantizar la adherencia al programa y a las sugerencias que se puedan derivar de la valoración del menor en cada control. Palabras Claves: enfermería, satisfacción, calidad de la atención de salud, madres, crecimiento y desarrollo.
Quantized Proportional-Integral Tracking Control for Two-Stage Chemical Reactor Systems
Authors: Sakthivel R. , Priyanka S. , Shobana N. , Mohanapriya S.
Published: March 2024

This paper is concerned with the problem of proportional-integral tracking control of a two-stage chemical reactor system subject to time delays, disturbances, uncertainties, and input quantization. In this work, an improved equivalent-input-disturbance estimator is incorporated into the proportional-integral tracking control system to compensate for the disturbances in the addressed model. Moreover, to minimize the communication congestion in the control networks, the quantized control input signals are considered while designing the controller. Further, a robust stability condition for the addressed system is established in the form of linear matrix inequalities by employing asymmetric Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional and Jensen's integral inequalities. Moreover, in accordance with the derived conditions, the control and observer gain matrices are determined. Finally, a numerical example is provided to demonstrate the validity of the proposed control scheme.
Echo detection thresholds in big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) vary with echo spectral content
Authors: Simmons James A. , Simmons Andrea Megela
Published: March 2024

Echolocating big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) broadcast downward frequency-modulated sweeps covering the ultrasonic range from 100–23 kHz in two harmonics. They perceive target range from the time delay between each broadcast and its returning echo. Previous experiments indicated that the bat's discrimination acuity for broadcast-echo delay declines when the lowest frequencies (23–35 kHz) in the first harmonic of an echo are removed. This experiment examined whether echo detection is similarly impaired. Results show that detection thresholds for echoes missing these lowest frequencies are raised. Increased thresholds for echoes differing in spectra facilitates the bat's ability to discriminate against clutter.
Physics-based playability maps for single-reed woodwind instruments
Authors: Chatziioannou Vasileios , Pàmies-Vilà Montserrat , Hofmann Alex
Published: March 2024

Musical instrument playability can be analyzed by visualizing a subspace defined by musicians' control parameters. This is common for bowed-string instruments in the form of Schelleng diagrams. Such diagrams can be populated either through experimental measurements or physical modeling. It was recently suggested to use similar diagrams for analyzing wind instrument playability. This study explores this direction using a physical model, previously validated against experimental measurements. It is shown that reed beating needs to be taken into account before playability analysis. This could help arrive at specific reed and mouthpiece designs according to the musicians' desires.
Synchronization of optically self-assembled nanorotors
Authors: Cui Ximin , Mylnikov Vasilii , Johansson Peter , Käll Mikael
Published: March 2024

Self-assembly of nanoparticles by means of interparticle optical forces provides a compelling approach toward contact-free organization and manipulation of nanoscale entities. However, exploration of the rotational degrees of freedom in this process has remained limited, primarily because of the predominant focus on spherical nanoparticles, for which individual particle orientation cannot be determined. Here, we show that gold nanorods, which self-assemble in water under the influence of circularly polarized light, exhibit synchronized rotational motion at kilohertz frequencies. The synchronization is caused by strong optical interactions and occurs despite the presence of thermal diffusion. Our findings elucidate the intricate dynamics arising from the transfer of photon spin angular momentum to optically bound matter and hold promise for advancing the emerging field of light-driven nanomachinery.
Transmembrane domain–driven PD-1 dimers mediate T cell inhibition
Authors: Philips Elliot A. , Liu Jia , Kvalvaag Audun , Mørch Alexander M. , Tocheva Anna S. , Ng Charles , Liang Hong , Ahearn Ian M. , Pan Ruimin , Luo Christina C. , Leithner Alexander , Qin Zhihua , Zhou Yong , Garcia-España Antonio , Mor Adam , Littman Dan R. , Dustin Michael L. , Wang Jun , Kong Xiang-Peng
Published: March 2024

Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) is a potent immune checkpoint receptor on T lymphocytes. Upon engagement by its ligands, PD-L1 or PD-L2, PD-1 inhibits T cell activation and can promote immune tolerance. Antagonism of PD-1 signaling has proven effective in cancer immunotherapy, and conversely, agonists of the receptor may have a role in treating autoimmune disease. Some immune receptors function as dimers, but PD-1 has been considered monomeric. Here, we show that PD-1 and its ligands form dimers as a consequence of transmembrane domain interactions and that propensity for dimerization correlates with the ability of PD-1 to inhibit immune responses, antitumor immunity, cytotoxic T cell function, and autoimmune tissue destruction. These observations contribute to our understanding of the PD-1 axis and how it can potentially be manipulated for improved treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases.