bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ginsenoside RG3 Synergizes With STING Agonist to Reverse Cisplatin Resistance in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Lu Zhongqi , Fu Yihang , Fu Qiang , Chang Ying , Zhang Meihua , Jin Tiefeng
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the synergistic inhibitory effects of combining the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist cyclic diadenylate monophosphate (c‐di‐AMP) and ginsenoside RG3 on cisplatin (DDP)‐resistant gastric cancer (GC) cells. The objective is to identify novel therapeutic targets and offers insights for the clinical management of DDP resistance. Various techniques were employed, including western blot, MTT assay, colony formation assay, scratch assay, transwell assay, tubule formation assay, flow cytometry, Hoechst 33342 fluorescence staining, and in vivo experiments, to investigate the potential mechanisms and effects of the combined application of the STING agonist and ginsenoside RG3 in reversing cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer. The combination markedly suppressed key malignant behaviors, including proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis of SGC‐7901/DDP cells. Additionally, this treatment inhibited the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and stem cell‐like characteristics of SGC‐7901/DDP cells, while downregulating the expression of resistance‐related proteins. The STING agonist effectively suppresses the growth and proliferation of gastric cancer cells. Ginsenoside RG3, well‐documented for its multifaceted properties, including antioxidant, anti‐aging, and anti‐cancer effects, is widely used in cancer treatment and in managing chemotherapy‐related side effects. Furthermore, RG3 enhances anti‐tumor immunity by regulating signal transduction. This study comprehensively evaluated the efficacy of the STING agonist and RG3 combination through in vitro and in vivo experiments, demonstrating significant inhibition of malignant progression and reversal of drug resistance in gastric cancer. These findings offer a robust theoretical foundation for clinical applications and highlight new therapeutic targets for future research.
Chemical Composition of Cynanchum auriculatum Royle Ex Wight and Its Potential Role in Ameliorating Colitis
Authors: Li Sichen , Sun Yuning , Peng Huihui , You Ruiqiang , Bai Fuqing , Chen Dan , Abdin Mohamed , Peng Chuanyi , Li Xiang , Cai Huimei , Chen Guijie
Published: January 2025

Cynanchum auriculatum Royle ex Wight, commonly known as “Baishouwu,” has been traditionally used in China for its medicinal and dietary benefits. Despite its long history of use, the potential therapeutic effects of C. auriculatum in the treatment of colitis have not been fully investigated. This study aims to evaluate the effects of the water extract of C. auriculatum root on colitis and elucidate its potential mechanisms of action. The water extract of C. auriculatum root (CW) was prepared and characterized using UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS, identifying thirty‐two distinct compounds, including saponins, organic acids, fatty acid derivatives, and alkaloids. The therapeutic efficacy of CW was assessed in a colitis mouse model. CW significantly alleviated colitis symptoms, evidenced by increased colon length, reduced disease activity indices, and decreased colon tissue damage. CW reduced colonic inflammatory cytokine production and enhanced the expression of tight junction proteins, including claudin‐1, occludin, and ZO‐1, thereby strengthening intestinal barrier integrity. Additionally, CW modulated the gut microbiota by increasing microbial diversity, promoting beneficial Lactobacillus growth, reducing pathogenic Pseudomonas levels, and enhancing short‐chain fatty acid production. The results suggest that CW exhibits significant therapeutic potential in the management of colitis by attenuating inflammation, restoring gut barrier function, and modulating the gut microbiota. These findings provide a basis for further exploration of C. auriculatum as a functional food for prevention and treatment of colitis.
Effects of Hillside Grass Distribution Patterns on Soil Erosion and the Particle Size Distribution of Sediments Under Different Rainfall Intensities
Authors: Zhang Tianyao , Cen Youdong , Zhou Kaixi , Zhong Lu , Zhou Yerong , Ma Guangwen
Published: January 2025

The distribution patterns of grass cover on arid and semi‐arid slopes significantly influence runoff and erosion processes. However, the mechanisms by which these patterns affect hydrological and erosion processes, and the subsequent selective transport of sediment particles, remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, this study conducted rainfall experiments of varying intensities (60, 90 and 120 mm h−1) across different grass distribution patterns—random (RP), checkerboard (CP), vertical strips (VP), step strips (SP), banded (BP) and bare slope (BS)—to investigate their effects on runoff, erosion and sediment particle size distribution (PSD). The results show that the BP pattern was most effective in reducing runoff and erosion rates, with reductions of 47.6%–76.5% and 75.4%–84.9%, respectively, compared to BS; SP follows, whereas VP demonstrates the least effectiveness. No significant differences were observed in runoff and erosion rates between the RP and CP treatments. Regarding sediment PSD, the sediments from BS, RP, CP and VP plots predominantly consist of clay and fine silt, accounting for 53.1%–62.8%, whereas sediments from the SP and BP plots are primarily composed of coarse silt (66.9%) and sand (79.2%), respectively. The enrichment of sediment particle size was influenced by the grass distribution patterns. At 60 mm h−1 rainfall, clay and fine silt from BS plots are preferentially enriched as aggregates, while sandy particles are enriched in VP, SP and BP plots; the sediment distributions in RP and CP plots closely resemble that of the original soil. These findings elucidate the impacts of different grass distribution patterns on sediment PSD and provide insights for the development of grass‐planting strategies.
Increased serum NfL and GFAP levels indicate different subtypes of neurologic immune‐related adverse events during treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Schmitt Christina , Müller Katharina J. , Tiedt Steffen , Kramer Nora , Manger Isabel , Knauss Samuel , Müller‐Jensen Leonie , Huehnchen Petra , Boehmerle Wolfgang , Schöberl Florian , Heinzerling Lucie , von Baumgarten Louisa
Published: January 2025

Neurologic immune‐related adverse events (nirAEs) represent rare, yet severe side effects associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. Given the absence of established diagnostic biomarkers for nirAEs, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of serum Neurofilament Light Chain (NfL) and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP). Fifty‐three patients were included at three comprehensive cancer centers, of these 20 patients with manifest nirAEs and 11 patients with irHypophysitis. Controls included patients without any irAE (n = 8) and other irAEs (n = 14). Using a single‐molecule enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (Simoa), serum levels were measured prior to, during and after the manifestation of (n)irAEs in 80 samples. Symptom severity of the (n)irAEs was graded according to the Common Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 5.0. Serum NfL levels were significantly higher in the nirAE group (n = 20) compared to irHypophysitis (n = 11; p = .0025) and controls (n = 22; p = .0384). Subgroup analysis demonstrated a significant elevation of NfL in nirAEs of the peripheral nerves (PNirAE) in contrast to neuromuscular syndromes (NMirAE) (p = .0260). GFAP levels were highest in patients with nirAE affecting the central nervous system (CNSirAE) compared to PNirAE and NMirAE (p = .0064). Symptom severity of nirAEs was associated with increased levels of NfL and GFAP (p = .0069, .0092). Individuals with elevated NfL levels exhibited less favorable outcomes of the (n)irAEs (p = .0199). Measurement of NfL and GFAP may be helpful for the differentiation of the broad spectrum of nirAEs and may serve as an indicator of symptom severity. Further investigation is needed to evaluate their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
Interplay between extracellular vesicles and allergic diseases: Current insights and future perspectives
Authors: Wu Jia , Wang Yan , Wang Yuqing , Ribaudo Jiawei , Li Shu , Hu Shunyan , Tang Maolin , Chen Yongliang , Long Yan
Published: January 2025

The field of extracellular vesicle (EV) research has rapidly evolved, revealing their significant roles in various biological processes and clinical applications. Allergic diseases are prevalent immunological disorders characterized by exaggerated hypersensitivity reactions to allergens, leading to diverse clinical manifestations that can severely impact quality of life. Recently, studies have underscored the pivotal role of EVs in allergic conditions, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the separation and characterization of EVs, their roles in allergic diseases, and their diagnostic value as biomarkers. Additionally, we explore the therapeutic potential of EVs for the treatment and prevention of allergic conditions. Overall, the emerging insights into EVs present promising opportunities for enhancing the diagnosis, treatment, and management of allergic diseases.
Dynamic Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sustained Motor Training Post‐Stroke: An fNIRS Investigation Employing Time‐Varying ALFF and Functional Connectivity Analysis
Authors: Zhang Guanghu , Zhu Guangyue , Hu Fan , Jiang Yichen , Li Wenxi , Xu Dongsheng
Published: January 2025

Motor dysfunction of the upper limbs following a stroke predominantly arises from abnormal motor patterning caused by the disrupted balance of inter‐cortical communication within motor‐associated cortical regions. Temporal analysis offers a more precise reflection of the cortical functional state in affected patients. This study employed fNIRS to capture hemodynamic responses among 20 stroke patients and 19 healthy controls in both resting and Baduanjin task state. Including computing the coefficient of variation of fractional amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations (fALFF) for each channel, alongside extracting dynamic state metrics. Findings indicate that, during sustained motor tasks, stroke patients exhibit a diminished fALFF variability in targeted cortical regions; these individuals display a higher prevalence of low‐intensity states and a lower prevalence of high‐intensity states during task execution. These dynamic state attributes are significantly associated with scores on the upper limb motor function scale (FMA‐UE), thereby proposing a time‐domain perspective for investigating the underlying mechanisms of stroke‐induced motor dysfunction.
Prediction of Prostate Cancer From Routine Laboratory Markers With Automated Machine Learning
Authors: Satır Atilla , Üstündağ Yasemin , Yeşil Meryem Rümeysa , Huysal Kağan
Published: January 2025

Background

In this study, we attempted to select the optimum cases for a prostate biopsy based on routine laboratory test results in addition to prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) blood test using H2O automated machine learning (AutoML) software, which includes many common machine learning algorithms.

Methods

The study included 737 patients (46–88 years old). Routine laboratory measurements were used to train machine learning models using H2O AutoML. We created a model that classifies prostate biopsy results as malignant or benign. The performance of the best model was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), log‐loss metric, F1 score, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), sensitivity, and specificity. The model's performance was evaluated through the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis feature‐based interpretation method applied to comprehend the machine learning model.

Results

The gradient boosting machine model was the most successful. The best result was obtained in the model with 11 parameters, including PSA, free PSA, free PSA to PSA, hemoglobin, neutrophils, platelets, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), glucose, platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocytes, and age. The AUC of this model was 0.72, the specificity was 0.84, the PPV was 0.65, the NPV was 0.69, and the accuracy was 0.68.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that adding only routine laboratory parameters to the PSA test and developing machine learning algorithms can help reduce the number of unnecessary prostate biopsies without overlooking the diagnosis of PCa.
Neighborhood Social Processes and Adolescents' Depressive Symptoms: The Intervening Role of Neighborhood Self‐Efficacy
Authors: Berg Kristen A.
Published: January 2025

Via observational data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods collected between 1994 and 2001, this study examined the degree to which neighborhood disorder, collective efficacy, and youth‐centered institutional resources are directly associated with adolescents' depressive symptoms across time, and the mediating role of adolescents'neighborhood self‐efficacy. Latent variable structural equation models were estimated among an unweighted representative sample of 1448 adolescents (59% male, mean age 15.19), across 79 neighborhoods in Chicago, to examine the direct effects of neighborhood disorder, collective efficacy, and availability of youth‐centered resources at baseline (measured at timepoint 1; reported by an independent sample of Chicago adults) on adolescents' depressive symptoms (measured a timepoint 3), and the mediating effect of adolescents' neighborhood‐anchored self‐efficacy (measured at timepoint 2). Indirect effects were assessed using bootstrap testing. Adolescents' neighborhood self‐efficacy partially mediated the effects of greater social and physical neighborhood disorder (indirect β = 0.03, 95% CI [0.008, 0.075]) and less availability of neighborhood youth‐centered resources (indirect β = −0.01, 95% CI [−0.030, −0.001]) on depressive symptoms over time. Adolescents who perceived themselves to have greater neighborhood self‐efficacy reported lower levels of depressive symptoms across time (β = −0.13, 95% CI [−0.24, −0.03]), as did those in neighborhoods with greater availability of youth‐centered resources (β = −0.11, 95% CI [−0.19, −0.03]). Those living in neighborhoods with more disorder reported lower neighborhood self‐efficacy (β = −0.24, 95% CI [−0.36, −0.11]). Neighborhood‐anchored self‐efficacy may be one mechanism by which adolescents internalize their neighborhood environments in ways that, over time, affect depressive symptoms. Interventions aimed at fostering community environments that nurture opportunities for youth to build efficaciousness may be promising for mitigating adolescent depression.
Circadian Modulation of Behavioral Stress Responses in Zebrafish Is Age‐Dependent
Authors: Pintos Santiago , Lucon‐Xiccato Tyrone , Vera Luisa María , Sánchez‐Vázquez Francisco Javier , Bertolucci Cristiano
Published: January 2025

In the wild, stressors occur with varying likelihood throughout the day, leading animals to evolve plastic stress responses that exhibit circadian rhythmicity. In mammals, studies have revealed that the circadian plasticity of stress response may differ with age. However, such developmental effects have been largely overlooked in other vertebrate groups. In our research, we explored the presence of developmental variation in the daily pattern of behavioral stress response in a teleost fish model: the zebrafish (Danio rerio). We compared juvenile and adult individuals in two behavioral paradigms commonly used to analyze fish stress response, such as the open‐field test and the diving test. Our comparisons were conducted every 4 h during a 24‐h cycle to analyze daily variations. Significant daily rhythms were detected for almost all analyzed behaviors in both tests. In general, the analyses suggested a greater stress response in adults during the daytime and in juveniles during the night‐time, although not all indicators aligned in this direction. Moreover, we found average differences in zebrafish behavior, suggesting that juveniles were more sensitive to stress. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of considering developmental variation in the circadian pattern of stress response in non‐mammalian species like zebrafish.
Training for the future of the genetic counseling profession: Exploring the assessment and adaptation of graduate programs' didactic curriculum
Authors: Vercruyssen Anna K. , Yashar Beverly M. , Stalburg Caren M. , Marvin Monica
Published: January 2025

Since the first genetic counseling program (GCP) was established in 1969, there has been a proliferation of growth and demand for genetic counselors. Advances in technology, affordable access to genetic testing, public genomic health initiatives, and diversifying clinical and non‐clinical roles comprise a dynamic environment that GCPs must respond to. While there is extensive literature regarding how other health professions adapt their curricula to changing environments, this has yet to be documented and explored for genetic counseling. This study aimed to understand how GCPs evolve their didactic curricula to keep up with the rapidly changing professional landscape. An online survey was used to recruit program leadership of fully accredited GCPs for semi‐structured interviews. These interviews explored four critical factors of didactic curricular change, including drivers, implementation, barriers, and mechanisms for evaluation after a change has been made. Interview transcripts were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis based on iterative discussions with prioritization of excerpts from the codes that had been most commonly applied across multiple transcripts. Multiple factors were identified that program leadership must appropriately weigh when making curricular change decisions. The factors that were considered major influences by all participants included national accreditation standards, program stakeholders, sponsoring institutions and local genetic counseling communities, and the genetic counseling profession as a whole. Our data also demonstrated the extensive role program leadership plays in the adaptation of didactic curricula. With GCP leadership constantly identifying, implementing, and evaluating complex didactic curricular change, there is a need for further exploration of this topic and development of genetic counseling specific resources and tools.
The Combination of α‐Fe2O3 NP and Trichoderma sp. Improves Antifungal Activity Against Fusarium Wilt
Authors: Sharma Sushma , Kumari Poonam , Shandilya Mamta , Thakur Sapna , Perveen Kahkashan , Sheikh Imran , Ahmed Zubair , Sayyed Riyaz , Mastinu Andrea
Published: January 2025

Soil‐borne plant pathogens are the most damaging pathogens responsible for severe crop damage. A conventional chemotherapy approach to these pathogens has numerous environmental issues, while biological control agents (BCAs) are less promising under field conditions. There is an immediate need to develop an integrated strategy for utilizing nanoparticles and biocontrol to manage soil‐borne pathogens, such as Fusarium wilt, effectively. Simulation of BCA metabolites to nanoparticle biocontrol metabolites is considered the most effective biocontrol approach. Combining Fe2O3 nanoparticles and Trichoderma in nursery and field conditions manages pathogens and increases plant growth characteristics. The present study evaluated the commercial biocontrol strains and the use of NPFe in combination with Trichoderma harzianum to enhance the biocontrol potential of T. harzianum against soil‐borne pathogens. The effectiveness of (NPFe + T. harzianum) was evaluated under in vitro conditions where combination was found most effective upto (87.63%) mycelial growth inhibition of pathogen and under field conditions lowest pooled Fusarium wilt incidence (19.54%) was recorded. Nanocomposites are beneficial for agricultural sustainability and environmental safety by upregulating the expression of genes linked to these processes, Fe NPs can activate plant defense mechanisms and increase plant resistance to pathogenic invasions. Additionally, as iron is a necessary component for plant growth and development, Fe NPs promote better nutrient uptake.
Development, Shelf Stability, and In‐Vitro Evaluation of Liquid Bacterial Inoculant Acinetobacter lwoffii Strain PAU_31LN
Authors: Kaur Jagjot , Pandove Gulab , Kumar Vineet , Sabour Amal Abdullah A. , Alshiekheid Maha
Published: January 2025

Acinetobacter has been recognized as a versatile plant growth promoting (PGP) rhizobacteria (PGPR) that produce multiple PGP traits. The present study was conducted to formulate an efficient and stable liquid bacterial inoculant (LBI) of Acinetobacter lwoffii strain PAU_31LN. In the current investigation, total 16 endophytic bacteria were isolated from cotton leaves and evaluated for plant growth‐promoting features such as production of phytohormones, mineral solubilization, siderophore production, hydrogen cyanide (HCN) production, and 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity. The leaf endophytic bacteria designated as 31LN was found promising for all the PGP traits and it was identified as A. lwoffii strain PAU_31LN by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. For the development of LBI of A. lwoffii strain PAU_31LN, 4.5 g/L yeast extract, 5 g/L NaCl, 5 g/L peptone, and 12.5 mM food‐grade trehalose was optimized as appropriate medium composition using response surface methodology (RSM) and Box–Behnken design. Further, the viability of A. lwoffii strain PAU_31LN in the optimized formulation was observed as 1.1 folds higher over the control after 180 days of storage at room temperature. Moreover, nonsignificant variation was recorded in the functional traits of 180 days old LBI of A. lwoffii strain PAU_31LN and freshly prepared LBI. The in‐vitro plant growth parameters such as length and seed vigor index of 7‐day‐old cotton seedlings were enhanced by the seed bio‐priming with LBI of A. lwoffii strain PAU_31LN over the control. The results of the present study signify the importance of endophytes and statistical methods to formulate prominent LBI.
Geomorphology and chronology of Late Quaternary terrace staircases of the Sakarya River, northwest Türkiye
Authors: Karakoca Ebubekir , Uncu Levent , Sarikaya Mehmet Akif , Şahiner Eren , Köse Oğuzhan
Published: January 2025

The Sakarya, one of the longest rivers in northwest Anatolia, has significant geomorphological units along its course including terrace systems that have potential to reveal the tectonic and geomorphological evolution of the region. The aim of this research was to identify the processes that have influenced the formation of terrace systems based on regional and local tectonic activities during the Late Quaternary and effects of global climatic changes on levels of the Black Sea. In particular along the İnhisar–Osmaneli section of the Sakarya River, the terrace systems, which are determined at four different levels, are crucial in terms of illuminating the geomorphological development of the region during the Late Quaternary. Our optically stimulated luminescence results revealed three different ages of deposition: 158.03 ± 12.93, 150.97 ± 8.49 and 55.07 ± 4.57 ka (Middle–Late Pleistocene). This permitted calculation of a mean regional uplift rate of 0.18 ± 0.03 mm a–1 since the Middle–Late Pleistocene. The younger terrace remnants correspond to Late Pleistocene Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3c (interstadial) and the older ones to Late Middle Pleistocene MIS 6b (interstadial). This implies that the Sakarya River accumulated floodplain sediments, now terraces, during relatively warm and humid periods. On the other hand, in cold and/or cold–warm transition periods, it created terraces by incision into the river bed. This interpretation implies that fluvial incision in the region was a response to regional uplift that has been continuing for at least the last 158 ka.
Effects of dietary Lactococcus lactis Z‐2 on growth, host health and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila in juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)
Authors: Feng Junchang , Yuan Xiao , Liu Shasha , Liu Xiaobei , Cui Wenshan , Feng Shikun , Zhang Jianxin
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Lactococcus lactis Z‐2 was previously isolated from common carp intestine. In order to investigate the effects of optimal dose of L. lactis Z‐2 on growth, host health and disease resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila in common carp, five experimental diets, including without (CK and CK+ groups) or with 5 × 107 (group A), 5 × 108 (group B) and 5 × 109 CFU g−1 (group C) L. lactis Z‐2, were evaluated for 8 weeks.

RESULTS

Supplementation of L. lactis Z‐2 increased final weights, weight gain, specific growth rate, condition factor and muscle crude protein content, while feed conversion ratio, muscle crude lipid and ash contents were lower than in the CK group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, L. lactis Z‐2 also promoted intestinal digestive enzyme (lipase, amylase, protease) activities, improved intestinal morphology and upregulated gene (ZO‐1, Occludin, Claudin) expression of intestinal barrier; stimulated secretion of proinflammatory (IL‐6, IL‐1β, TNF‐α) and anti‐inflammatory cytokines (TGF‐β, IL‐10) in serum; and boosted AKP, ACP, LZM and antioxidant enzyme (T‐AOC, GSH‐Px, T‐SOD, CAT) activities of hepatopancreas (P < 0.05). Among them, the effect of group B was more prominent. After A. hydrophila infection, the CK+ group showed overexpression of immune indicators and decreased antioxidant capacity. Whereas dietary intervention with L. lactis Z‐2 significantly reversed these changes. Moreover, the survival rate was significantly higher (100%) in group B than in the CK+ group (36.36%) after A. hydrophila infection (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Dietary L. lactis Z‐2 improved the growth performance, immune response, antioxidant capacity, intestinal health and disease resistance of juvenile common carp. Ultimately, 5 × 108 CFU g−1 dietary L lactis Z‐2 is recommended for the formulation of feed. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Desert bighorn sheep home range and disease transmission risk responses to temporally dynamic environmental variation
Authors: Wilson‐Henjum Grete , Ricci Lauren , Stoner David C. , Longshore Kathleen , Manlove Kezia R.
Published: January 2025

Pathogens introduced into wildlife populations can cause population declines and pose a threat to conservation. Understanding how pathogens spread through wildlife populations requires information about animal space use across the landscape. The abundance of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) in western North America has declined in response to pathogens introduced concurrently with the expansion of domestic sheep. Wildlife and land management agencies use bighorn sheep seasonal home range models to assess and mitigate pathogen transmission risk among bighorn and domestic sheep populations. Current risk assessment tools assume that seasonal home ranges are annually consistent, but the extent to which deviations from this assumption could render erroneous predictions about pathogen introduction risk has not received extensive attention. To evaluate the influence of temporally variable environmental conditions on pathogen introduction risk, we used locations of desert bighorn sheep (O. c. nelsoni) gathered across 6 populations residing in the Mojave Desert, an environment characterized by high interannual variation in precipitation and forage production. Our objectives were to assess whether seasonal home range sizes varied consistently with temporally varying attributes of the environment and assess the influence of varying environmental attributes on pathogen introduction risk using our model results and the United States Forest Service's Risk of Contact (ROC) tool. Home range sizes varied by sex and season, with higher environmental moisture levels (Palmer drought severity index) associated with larger male home ranges in summer and fall‐winter. Higher spatial variation in primary productivity was associated with smaller male home range sizes in summer but with larger male home range sizes in fall‐winter. Female home ranges were also smaller when variation in primary productivity was high during spring but had no detectable relation with environmental moisture or spatial variation in productivity during the rest of the year. We combined these results with the ROC tool to simulate the influence of varying environmental attributes on pathogen introduction risk. Those simulations suggested that home range expansions associated with above‐average environmental moisture only increased the contact risk between 2 adjacent populations by 0.02%. Consequently, risk forecasts in the Mojave Desert system might be relatively robust to temporally dynamic home range sizes, so long as the environmental attributes driving home range size do not deviate dramatically from historical levels. However, major departures from long‐term trends in environmental variation could lead to more dramatic effects on home range size and subsequent risk and should be reassessed if environmental variation changes substantially in the future.
n‐Dodecane Mechanism With ANN‐Assisted Reduction for CFD Modeling to Predict Formation of Light‐Weight Aromatics and Soot in Diffusion Flames: Comparison With Experimental Data
Authors: Dahiya Anurag , Tao Hairong , Lin Kuang C.
Published: January 2025

n‐Dodecane, a key component in diesel and aviation fuel, is commonly used to simulate real‐world diesel and aviation fuels (Jet‐A and Chinese RP‐3). Since existing n‐dodecane kinetic mechanisms may not fully address the complexities of aromatics formation during combustion, this study proposes a mechanism that not only extends the capability of predicting 16 light‐weight aromatics but also provides a compact size with improved accuracy in predicting combustion characteristics. Using a two‐step reduction method involving path flux analysis (PFA) and artificial neural network (ANN) without tuning kinetic parameters, the newly constructed mechanism consisting of 155 species and 827 reactions is coupled with a 2‐D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of a laminar diffusion flame that well reproduces experimentally measured centerline profiles of flame temperature, aromatics and soot volume fraction in combustion of methane doped with n‐dodecane. From the results obtained by CFD, we investigate the effect of n‐dodecane on the spatial distributions of aromatics and reaction pathways, which have not been analyzed in previous literature.
Far‐Reaching Impact of Microplastics on Agricultural Systems: Options for Mitigation and Adaptation
Authors:   Shimly S, Rajendrakumar S. , Rahut Dil Bahadur
Published: January 2025

Microplastics has emerged as a pervasive pollutant with far‐reaching implications for agriculture. This review paper evaluates existing research on microplastics in agricultural systems, exploring their impacts on land, crop growth, farm animals, and consumer health. Using the PRISMA framework and systematic review process, 811 papers were identified in the initial search, and only 164 papers were used for this study after following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Our study found that high‐density polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride are widely used plastic types in agriculture, followed by polypropylene, polystyrene, and polyethylene terephthalate. This prevalence is likely due to the extensive use of plastics in agriculture systems, such as for mulching, handling harvested products, bags for fertilizers and pesticides, samplings, and seed storage. The study found serious adverse consequences of microplastics on crops, animal health, soil, and consumers. It also highlights the need for comprehensive strategies to mitigate these impacts, by using bioplastics, application of treated water for irrigation, proper disposal of plastics, and following sustainable agricultural practices. Adaptation measures such as soil remediation, different microplastic removal technologies, and policy interventions emerge as a crucial strategy to cope with microplastic pollution. The paper concludes with a call for interdisciplinary research to better understand the complexities of microplastic pollution and to develop sustainable solutions to protect natural ecosystems, agricultural ecosystems, human health, and food security.
Circulating tumor DNA analysis for prediction of prognosis and molecular insights in patients with resectable gastric cancer: results from a prospective study
Authors: Liu Zheng , Shi Zhongyi , Jiang Wenchao , Shen Zhenbin , Chen Weidong , Shen Kuntang , Sun Yihong , Tang Zhaoqing , Wang Xuefei
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) level in patients with resectable gastric cancer (GC). A total of 59 patients were prospectively enrolled, with their ctDNA detected and paired tumor tissue collected at various peri‐operative time points. Patients with higher 1‐month post‐operative ctDNA levels demonstrated shorter overall survival status (hazard ratio [HR] = 5.30, p = 0.0022) and a higher risk of recurrence (HR = 3.85, p = 0.011). The model combining ctDNA with conventional serum tumor markers for GC, including carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 19‐9, and CA72‐4, shows high predictive effectiveness for GC prognosis with an area under the curve of 0.940 (p = 0.002), which is higher than net ctDNA and other models without ctDNA. Patients with lower ctDNA levels were more likely to have positive stromal programmed cell death ligand 1 expression (p = 0.046). Additionally, DCAF4L2 mutation was identified as the crucial gene mutation in ctDNA suggesting poor prognosis of patients with GC. Overall, this study highlights that post‐operative ctDNA can serve as an effective biomarker for prognostic prediction and recurrence surveillance in resectable GC.
A De Novo Frameshift Variant in SMC1A Causes Non‐Classic Cornelia de Lange Syndrome With Epilepsy: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Yang Ying , Chen Liqing , Wang Zhenzhen , Ding Yaling , Liu Yan
Published: January 2025

Background

Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a multisystem genetic disorder. Although individuals with variants in the SMC1A gene are less commonly seen in CdLS, they exhibit a high incidence of epilepsy and atypical phenotypic variability.

Methods

The clinical data of a patient with non‐classic CdLS and epilepsy caused by an SMC1A variant were summarized. A literature review was conducted to analyze the genotype–phenotype correlations and epilepsy characteristics in related cases.

Results

A 5‐year‐6‐month‐old female patient presented with facial features, double outlet right ventricle (DORV), and recurrent epilepsy. Whole exome sequencing (WES) identified a de novo heterozygous frameshift mutation, c.2890_2893del (p.Ser964Valfs*26), in the SMC1A gene. A review of the literature identified several characteristics of non‐classic CdLS with epilepsy caused by SMC1A variants: the majority of cases were non‐classic (81.5%), predominantly female (68.2%), with a median onset age of 11.5 months. Common features included severe/profound developmental delay (52.6%), hypotonia (18.2%), cardiovascular anomalies (36.4%), and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) (22.7%). Among the non‐classic cases, seizure clusters occurred in 22.7%, status epilepticus in 18.2%, and drug‐resistant epilepsy in 33.3%. Genotypes in non‐classic cases included missense mutations (40.9%), frameshift mutations (31.8%), splice site variants (9.1%), nonsense mutations (9.1%), deletions (4.5%), and truncations (4.5%).

Conclusion

Our study expanded the phenotypic data and mutational spectrum of non‐classic CdLS with epilepsy caused by SMC1A variants. Compared to individuals with the classic form of CdLS, the non‐classic cases appeared more frequently in females and were associated with a higher prevalence of severe/profound developmental delay and cardiovascular anomalies. In contrast, IUGR was significantly less common in non‐classic individuals. Regarding epilepsy characteristics, some individuals including seizure clusters, status epilepticus, drug resistance, and hypotonia, no significant differences were observed between classic and non‐classic cases. The predominant genotypes in non‐classic cases were missense and frameshift mutations.
RHOBTB2 Variant p.Arg511Gln Causes Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy Type 64 in an Infant: A Case Report and Hotspot Variant Analysis
Authors: Liu Qian , Li Feifei , Ruan Qin , Wang Nana , Fan Zhengjun
Published: January 2025

Background

Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) are a heterogeneous group of brain disorders. Variants in the Rho‐related BTB domain‐containing 2 gene (RHOBTB2) can lead to DEE64, which is characterized by early‐onset epilepsy, varying degrees of motor developmental delay and intellectual disability, microcephaly, and movement disorders. More than half of the variants are located at Arg483 and Arg511 within the BTB domain; however, the underlying mechanism of action of these hotspot variants remains unexplored.

Methods

We performed whole‐exome and Sanger sequencing on the patient and his parents. We collected recurrent variant information from the literature on RHOBTB2 variants. We used Discovery Studio software to analyze the folding free energy of variant proteins, and the AlphaFold database to analyze structural alterations in mutant proteins.

Results

The patient presented with early‐onset epilepsy, developmental delay, and brain structural abnormalities. Genetic analysis revealed a de novo variant in RHOBTB2, c.1532G>A, p.(Arg511Gln). To date, 60 cases of DEE patients with RHOBTB2 variants have been reported, with approximately 50% of variants located at Arg483 and Arg511. Among them, p.Arg511Gln, p.Arg483His, and p.Arg511Trp have an incidence rate exceeding 10%. The folding free energy of these high‐frequency variants proteins is reduced, which may lead to increased structural stability.

Conclusion

This study highlights the importance of RHOBTB2 hotspot variants in DEE64 and provides insights into their potential mechanisms of action. We recommend RHOBTB2 gene testing for patients with relevant clinical manifestations to facilitate precise diagnosis and treatment of DEE.
Analysis of a Series of 26 Cases With Prenatal Skeletal Dysplasia via Multiplatform Genetic Detection
Authors: Cui Li‐min , Hu Hua‐ying , Zhai Xiao‐mei , Qi Ming‐fei , Liu Yan‐ming , Han Cong‐ying , Zhang Jing , Shen Ming , Xiang Yu‐lan , Chen Wen‐qi , Yang Kai , Zhang Dong‐liang , Xing Huan‐xia
Published: January 2025

Background

Skeletal dysplasia (SD) represents a series of highly heterogeneous congenital genetic diseases affecting the human skeletal system. Refined genetic diagnosis is helpful for the accurate diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of SDs.

Materials and Methods

In this study, we recruited 26 cases of SD and analyzed them with a designed sequential genetic detection. Chromosome karyotyping, microarray analysis (CMA), and whole exome sequencing (WES) techniques are performed as needed. Sanger sequencing and fluorescent quantitative PCR (QF‐PCR) were used as validation methods.

Results

A total of 16 cases (61.5%, 16/26) received positive results at various levels of testing, including one trisomy 18, four copy number variations (CNVs), and 11 sequence variations. Additionally, four novel SD‐related sequence mutations were detected in this study.

Conclusion

Our findings provide conclusive evidence for genetic counseling of corresponding families and expand the mutation spectrum of SD. In addition, this study demonstrates that a strategy sequentially including various genetic techniques contributes to the diagnosis of highly heterogeneous genetic disorders such as SD.
Predictive Factors of a Dominant Superficial Venous Drainage System in DIEP Flap Surgery With Preoperative Computed Tomography Angiography
Authors: Pozzo Victor , Goutard Marion , Dabi Yohann , Romano Golda , Benjoar Marc‐David , Benjoar Mikhael , Hadji Ilyes , Ng Zhi Yang , Lellouch Alexandre G. , Lantieri Laurent A.
Published: January 2025

Background

Venous congestion due to superficial venous system dominance (SVD) in deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap surgery occurs in approximately 2% of cases, with attendant sequelae and increased cost to healthcare systems. This study aimed to describe the predictive factors for SVD in DIEP flap breast reconstruction based on preoperative computed tomography angiography (CTA) findings.

Methods

All women who required takebacks for additional venous anastomosis to the cephalic vein because of SVD after DIEP flap breast reconstruction between 2015 and 2022 were included. Complication‐free DIEP breast reconstruction patients were then randomly selected based on a 1:2 enrollment ratio to form a control group. A retrospective analysis of pre‐operative CTAs was performed for both groups to compare the size and location of the perforators, diameter of the superficial inferior epigastric vein (SIEV), diameter of the deep inferior epigastric vein (DIEV), and flap thickness.

Results

Twenty‐four women were identified in the SVD group; however, only 18 were included in the final analysis. CTA analysis suggested that the ratio between SIEV and DIEV (SIEV/DIEV) diameters was significantly higher in the SVD group than in the controls (0.98 vs. 0.83; p = 0.043). The mean flap thickness was also significantly lower in the SVD group than in the controls (29.4 vs. 36.3 mm; p < 0.001). Perforator characteristics and the SIEV diameter did not differ between the two groups.

Conclusions

The SIEV/DIEV diameter ratio on preoperative CTA can be used to predict whether the DIEP flap has SVD. This may then be used to anticipate whether additional venous anastomosis is required to reduce postoperative complications.
The Equivalent Statements and Operator Expression for a Hilbert‐Type Integral Inequality With a Finite Product Kernel
Authors: Liu Yingdi , Liu Qiong
Published: January 2025

By introducing multiple parameters, employing the weight function method based on the “Hardy interpolation problem” and some real analysis techniques, a general Hilbert‐type integral inequality with the kernel as is established. The necessary and sufficient condition for the constant factor of the general inequality to be the best possible is identified; the equivalent inequality with the best possible constant factor is obtained. A Hilbert‐type singular integral operator is defined and utilized to characterize the obtained Hilbert‐type integral inequality and its equivalent form. As an application, by choosing appropriate parameter values, several specific Hilbert‐type integral inequalities are presented.
Infinity Approximation of Almost Periodic Functions: Stepanov's Approach and Its Utility in Semilinear Delayed Equations on Time Scales
Authors: Arbi Adnène , Tahri Najeh
Published: January 2025

This article introduces, for the first time, a novel class of functions that approximate Stepanov almost periodic functions near infinity on time scales . This class includes several previously studied classes in the literature.We then explore a range of important properties of the function space associated with these functions, including completeness and composition theorems, which are crucial for addressing the solvability of certain inhomogeneous linear Cauchy problems and semilinear Cauchy problems with variable delays on . Two illustrative examples will be provided to clarify the practical application of our findings.
Composite spin probes with adjustable oxygen sensitivity for pulse electron paramagnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Canavesi Irene , Viswakarma Navin , Khurana Raman , Epel Boris , Kuppusamy Periannan , Pagel Mark David , Kotecha Mrignayani
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Solid crystalline spin probes, such as lithium phthalocyanine (LiPc) and lithium octa‐n‐butoxynaphthalocyanine (LiNc‐BuO), allow repeated oxygen measurement using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Due to their short relaxation times, their use for pulse EPR oxygen imaging is limited. In this study, we developed and tested a new class of solid composite spin probes that modified the relaxation rates R1 and R2 of LiPc or LiNc‐BuO probes, which allowed pO2 measurements in the full dynamic (0–760 torr) range.

Methods

The composite probes were developed by embedding LiPc or LiNc‐BuO with bonewax, beeswax, or petroleum jelly. All experiments were performed using a 25‐mT EPR imager, JIVA‐25®. A selected composite probe, LiPc‐BW5 (LiPc + 5‐times bonewax), was tested for its in vivo stability and robustness using oxygen‐enhanced EPR oxygen imaging. As another application, a LiPc‐BW5‐based marker was tested to outline the SCC7 tumor in a C3H mouse.

Results

The composite probes showed an increased oxygen measurement range compared with unaltered probes. The in vivo experiments with LiPc‐BW5 showed the stability of the probes for repeated oxygen imaging up to 4 weeks of measurements. The in vivo pO2 at the subcutaneous site changed from 26.1 ± 1.9 torr to 118.9 ± 1.9 torr when the breathing gas was changed from 21% O2 to 100% O2. The use of LiPc‐BW5 as a fiducial marker showed its use in outlining the tumor boundaries.

Conclusions

We developed a new class of robust and versatile solid composite probes with adjustable oxygen sensitivity that allows pO2 imaging in the broad dynamic range.
Navigating human‐nature interactions by exploring plural values across ecosystem states
Authors: Zoeller K. C. , Smith G. S. , Coggan A. , Grainger D. , Grigg N. J. , Szetey K.
Published: January 2025

Supporting biodiversity conservation in an effective and sustainable way requires addressing biodiversity loss while satisfying the dependency of people on nature. Critical to this goal is to understand how the benefits and services delivered by ecosystems influence human values, and how these values can be leveraged to promote equitable economic, social and environmental outcomes. However, these values are challenging to capture in complex social‐ecological systems, particularly when the values are not consistent among different groups of stakeholders.

We examined the values associated with Box Gum Grassy Woodland agro‐ecological systems in Australia, focusing on two key stakeholder groups that influence management decisions: farmers and ecological specialists. Using a state‐and‐transition model as a boundary object, we identified various dimensions of values—instrumental, intrinsic and relational—across four distinct states of the Box Gum Grassy Woodland: Grassy Woodland, Native Pastures, Crops and Sown/Fertilised Pastures and Revegetated Areas.

We found that both groups of stakeholders identified multiple dimensions of values, although the intensity of values (i.e., the total number of values) associated with different states varied significantly—the values of ecological specialist respondents were concentrated in intact Grassy Woodlands, whereas the values of farmer respondents were concentrated in Native Pastures.

These results demonstrate that ecological systems influence the values that are generated in human communities, and these values are likely to result in actions that may promote or diminish the presence of certain values. Characterising values and analysing their distribution between ecosystem states for different groups of stakeholders can offer valuable insights into the dynamics of human‐nature interactions and the values that influence human behaviour which can directly transform nature.

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