bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research and development of the trigger system for the New Small Wheel upgrade of the ATLAS experiment at CERN and performance evaluation of the sTGC detector
Authors: Ζορμπά Όλγα
Published: December 2024

Αυτή η διατριβή εστιάζει στο πείραμα ATLAS στον Μεγάλο Επιταχυντή Αδρονίων (LHC) στο CERN. Το πρώτο μέρος της διατριβής συνοψίζει τις εργασίες που έγιναν για το έργο αναβάθμισης του Νέου Μικρού Δίσκου (New Small Wheel - NSW), με ιδιαίτερη έμφαση στο σύστημα σκανδαλισμού των ανιχνευτών small-strip Thin Gap Chambers (sTGC). Παρέχεται μια εκτενής περιγραφή του σκεπτικού πίσω από την αναβάθμιση της NSW, μαζί με τα αποτελέσματα από διάφορες δοκιμές που έχουν σχεδιαστεί για την επαλήθευση της σωστής λειτουργίας όλων των ηλεκτρονικών σκανδαλισμού και τη διασφάλιση της ακριβούς μετάδοσης δεδομένων σε ολόκληρη την αλυσίδα σκανδαλισμού. Επιπλέον, παρουσιάζονται αποτελέσματα από την ενσωμάτωση του συστήματος σκανδαλισμού NSW στο σύστημα σκανδαλισμού μιονίων Επιπέδου-1 (Level-1) κατά τη διάρκεια του Run 3. Η διατριβή συζητά επίσης τα αποτελέσματα των δοκιμών που διεξήχθησαν χρησιμοποιώντας μιόνια σε συνδυασμό με μια ραδιενεργή πηγή 137Cs στις εγκαταστάσεις GIF++ στο CERN. Οι ανιχνευτές sTGC συμμετείχαν σε αυτή την εκστρατεία δοκιμαστικής δέσμης με ένα μεγάλο τετραπλό Q1 wedge, εξοπλισμένο με το τελικό σύστημα ηλεκτρονικών και συλλογής δεδομένων. Μεταξύ άλλων μελετών, υπολογίστηκε η απόδοση των τεσσάρων sTGC pads που ανήκουν σε ένα συγκεκριμένο μοτίβο σκανδαλισμού και σχηματίζουν ένα trigger tower. Το δεύτερο μέρος της διατριβής είναι αφιερωμένο στην ανάλυση μέτρησης ακριβείας της μάζας Z, χρησιμοποιώντας δεδομένα από το Run 2 σε μια προσπάθεια μέτρησης της μάζας του μποζονίου Ζ με μεγαλύτερη ακρίβεια. Αυτή η εργασία έχει ιδιαίτερο ενδιαφέρον παρόλο που η μάζα του μποζονίου Ζ είναι επακριβώς γνωστή από τα πειράματα του Μεγάλου Επιταχυντή Ηλεκτρονίων - Ποζιτρονίων (LEP). H εκ νέου μέτρησή του με δεδομένα LHC μπορεί να προσφέρει μια ανεξάρτητη μέτρηση, ζωτικής σημασίας για βελτιωμένη βαθμονόμηση ορμής και περαιτέρω δοκιμή πιθανής τάσης ή συμφωνίας στην προσαρμογή Electroweak, ιδίως όσον αφορά την πρόβλεψη της μάζας Higgs. Οι μελέτες που πραγματοποιήθηκαν περιλαμβάνουν λεπτομερή ανάλυση βαθμονόμησης, όπως την ακριβή μοντελοποίηση της αναλοίωτης κατανομής μάζας J/ψ που προέρχεται από τις μετρήσεις ζευγών μιονίων ως προϊόντα διάσπασης J/ψ. Ο εντοπισμός των συναρτήσεων που περιγράφουν καλύτερα την αναλοίωτη μάζα του J/ψ και ο ακριβής υπολογισμός των συνεισφορών του υποβάθρου, είναι ουσιαστικά βήματα για μια πιο ακριβή μέτρηση της μάζας του μποζονίου Z. Επιπλέον, πρόσθετες μελέτες πραγματοποιήθηκαν για την εκτίμηση των συστηματικών σφαλμάτων, συμπεριλαμβανομένης της ακτινικής προκατάληψης (radial bias), η οποία είναι μια γεωμετρική παραμόρφωση που προκαλείται από προβλήματα ευθυγράμμισης του ανιχνευτή.
Postoperative complications across different cervical spine surgical procedures: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Aleid Abdulsalam M , Alabkari Somanah , Aldanyowi Saud Nayef , Alaidarous Hasan Ali Abdullah , Alharthi Abdulaziz , Alsubaie Mutlaq , AlOraini Lama , Almoslem Abdulrahman , Almalki Sami , Alhussain Abdulmonem Ali , Alessa Awn Abdulmohsen , Albinsaad Loai Saleh , Al Mutair Abbas
Published: December 2024

Background Surgical procedures on the cervical spine are frequently performed to treat spinal diseases such as degenerative disc degeneration, trauma, tumors, and infections. However, postoperative complications are a cause for concern, and the surgical procedure with the lowest complication risk still unknown. Methods A comprehensive literature search was carried out in different databases from the beginning of the study to January 2024. Observational studies that reported the incidence of postoperative complications following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), posterior cervical foraminotomy (PCF), laminoplasty, laminectomy with fusion, and corpectomy were included in the review. Outcomes like reoperation rates, infections, and nerve injuries were analyzed using random-effects models, with ORs (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results 13 studies with 22,874 patients were included. ACDF was associated with higher complication rates versus PCF (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.31 to 2.60) and laminoplasty (OR 2.85, 95% CI 1.84 to 4.41). Laminectomy with fusion showed greater pseudarthrosis (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.35 to 4.90) and reoperation rates (OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.36 to 4.43) than ACDF. No differences were detected between other procedures. Conclusion Complications risk significantly differs based on surgical strategy and technique, with ACDF potentially having higher rates compared to less invasive methods.
Behaviour change interventions addressing antibiotic treatment seeking behaviour for respiratory tract infections in primary care settings: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Maher Anthony , Roche Kevin , C Morrissey Eimear , W Murphy Andrew , Sheaf Greg , Ryan Cristin , Molloy Gerry
Published: December 2024

Objective This scoping review aims to synthesise the extent and type of evidence on behaviour change interventions which address antibiotic treatment seeking behaviour for respiratory tract infections in primary care and/or community care settings. Introduction Antimicrobial Resistance is recognised as a global health and economic threat by the World Health Organization and World Bank. Multiple factors, including patient and public demand, may contribute to unnecessary prescribing practices, which can lead to an overuse of antibiotics, and affect AMR. Current policy initiatives acknowledge the need to prepare for the future by managing public expectations regarding antibiotics, especially for influenza-like illness and other respiratory tract infections. These initiatives emphasise the importance of designing and evaluating effective interventions that generate actionable knowledge for policy and practices related to the appropriate use of antibiotics. Behaviour change interventions, in this context, can aim to modify patients' attitudes, beliefs, and behaviours regarding antibiotics. Inclusion criteria Identified studies will describe behaviour change interventions aimed at potential patients and/or carers within the primary care and/or community care setting that address antibiotic treatment seeking behaviour for respiratory tract infections. Methods This scoping review will search the literature in Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, EThOS, and Google Scholar to explore behaviour change interventions used to reduce expectations of antibiotics for respiratory tract infections in primary care. This review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines for scoping reviews. It will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews.
Daily life in the Open Biologist’s second job, as a Data Curator
Authors: Scorza Livia C.T. , Zieliński Tomasz , Kalita Irina , Lepore Alessia , El Karoui Meriem , Millar Andrew J.
Published: December 2024

Background Data reusability is the driving force of the research data life cycle. However, implementing strategies to generate reusable data from the data creation to the sharing stages is still a significant challenge. Even when datasets supporting a study are publicly shared, the outputs are often incomplete and/or not reusable. The FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) principles were published as a general guidance to promote data reusability in research, but the practical implementation of FAIR principles in research groups is still falling behind. In biology, the lack of standard practices for a large diversity of data types, data storage and preservation issues, and the lack of familiarity among researchers are some of the main impeding factors to achieve FAIR data. Past literature describes biological curation from the perspective of data resources that aggregate data, often from publications. Methods Our team works alongside data-generating, experimental researchers so our perspective aligns with publication authors rather than aggregators. We detail the processes for organizing datasets for publication, showcasing practical examples from data curation to data sharing. We also recommend strategies, tools and web resources to maximize data reusability, while maintaining research productivity. Conclusion We propose a simple approach to address research data management challenges for experimentalists, designed to promote FAIR data sharing. This strategy not only simplifies data management, but also enhances data visibility, recognition and impact, ultimately benefiting the entire scientific community.
Menstrual migraine. Diagnosis, pathogenesis and review of acute and short-term prevention pharmacotherapy
Authors: Furtak Daria , Grela Wiktor , Niewiadomska Jagoda , Tulej Dawid , Głogowska Paulina , Dziedzic Alicja , Gniaź Natalia , Marciniuk Dominika , Marko Natalia , Górska Aleksandra
Published: December 2024

Background
Menstrual migraine describes migraines that occur in alignment with the menstrual cycle, affecting women of diverse age ranges. This condition is relatively common, presenting a unique challenge due to the heightened intensity of pain during these attacks. Additionally, these migraines are often more resistant to standard treatment methods, underscoring the need for specialized approaches to management and relief.
Methods
Review of double-blind, placebo-controlled cohort studies found using PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane. 
Results
Triptans are considered a primary treatment option for managing acute menstrual migraine episodes, with their effectiveness being the most extensively researched among available therapies. Recently, lasmiditan has emerged as a newer medication showing promising potential for this specific application as well, adding to the options available for menstrual migraine relief.Furthermore, triptans have been validated as effective in the short-term prevention of migraine. The most recent pharmacological advancements that have demonstrated efficacy for this condition are monoclonal antibodies which target the CGRP receptor: Erenumab and Galcanezumab.
Conclusion
There are effective approaches to both treating and preventing acute migraine attacks. However, menstrual migraine is a condition that requires greater awareness and recognition, as this would allow for the improved and more effective use of existing medications and treatments.
Molecular Insights into Craniosynostosis: A Review
Authors: Kutaj Aleksandra , Adamowicz Zuzanna
Published: December 2024

Introduction and PurposeCraniosynostosis (CS), the premature fusion of one or more calvarial sutures, is a common congenital skull malformation affecting 1 in 2000–2500 live births. The calvarial sutures, including the metopic, lambdoid, coronal, and sagittal, are essential for skull and brain development. Premature fusion can cause skull deformities, increased intracranial pressure, cortical lesions, intellectual disabilities, or sensory impairments. This study reviews the clinical and molecular mechanisms of CS, explores syndromic and non-syndromic forms, and discusses advances in diagnostics and treatment.
Material and MethodsA comprehensive literature review examined CS's clinical presentation, genetic basis, and molecular pathways. Syndromic forms linked to FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, and TWIST1 were analyzed alongside insights into non-syndromic CS. Current treatment strategies and future diagnostic directions were evaluated.
Description of the State of KnowledgeCS is a heterogeneous condition with syndromic and non-syndromic variants. Syndromic CS is linked to over 180 genetic disorders, often inherited dominantly, and includes syndromes like Apert, Crouzon, and Saethre-Chotzen, associated with FGFR and TWIST1 mutations. These syndromes exhibit diverse phenotypes, many unrelated to CS. Non-syndromic CS's molecular mechanisms remain less understood, but recent research highlights novel genetic contributors and signaling pathways, offering therapeutic insights.
ConclusionsCS is a complex condition with clinical and genetic variability. Syndromic CS is well-studied, while non-syndromic forms need further research. Advances in genetic understanding and signaling pathways provide new insights into CS pathogenesis. Integrating molecular diagnostics with surgical treatment could enhance management. Future research should uncover the genetic basis of CS to improve diagnostics and enable innovative therapies.
Humanistyczna lektura Długosza: przejątki z Leonarda Bruniego w Rocznikach Jana Długosza
Authors: Koczarski Zdzisław
Published: December 2024

Artykuł szczegółowo przedstawia zagadnienie lektury i wykorzystania dzieł Leonarda Bruniego w Rocznikach Jana Długosza oraz porusza kwestię przejmowania ich treści w dziełach mniejszych tego autora. Badanie przeprowadzono z wykorzystaniem komputerowej analizy porównawczej i metod filologicznych. Omówiono zachowane do dzisiaj w zbiorach Biblioteki Jagiellońskiej rękopisy i inkunabuły, które na pewno były dla polskiego historyka źródłem wiedzy o twórczości włoskiego humanisty, jak też domniemane źródła lektury kilku innych dzieł. Przedstawiono również metodę pozyskiwania przejątków tekstowych i wprowadzania ich do Roczników oraz utworów hagiograficznych.
Zapomniana kolekcja historyczna w XVI-wiecznym rękopisie Archiwum Państwowego we Wrocławiu (sygn. 82/28/0/1/6)
Authors: Walczak Tomasz
Published: December 2024

W artykule scharakteryzowano zapomnianą kolekcję źródeł historycznych przechowywaną w XVI-wiecznym rękopisie Archiwum Państwowego we Wrocławiu (sygn. 82/28/0/1/6). Przedstawiono historię kodeksu, opisano jego budowę, zidentyfikowano i scharakteryzowano wpisane do niego źródła dziejopisarskie (roczniki Historia Bohemica, Polonica et Silesiaca, Annales devolutionis Silesiae ad Regnum Bohemiae, Rocznik magistratu wrocławskiego, katalogi władców czeskich, węgierskich, rzymskich i niemieckich, śląskich, katalogi biskupów wrocławskich), dyplomatyczne (dokumenty i listy wystawców śląskich, czeskich, morawskich i węgierskich z lat 20. XVI w.) i inne. W podsumowaniu podjęto próbę ustalenia genezy i sposobu funkcjonowania rękopisu.
Organizacja i personel kancelarii książąt pomorskich w czasach nowożytnych
Authors: Gaziński Radosław , Gut Paweł
Published: December 2024

W artykule omówiono organizację kancelarii pomorskiej w czasach nowożytnych, koncentrując się na wskazaniu miejsc posadowienia kancelarii (szczecińskiej, wołogoskiej i koszalińskiej), ich wyposażenia, czasu pracy oraz liczebności personelu kancelaryjnego. Wskazano też zadania, jakimi zajmowały się poszczególne osoby pracujące w kancelarii oraz opisano sposób ich wynagradzania i zatrudniania.
Krescentyn polski albo drzeworyt jako źródło do badania procesu wydawniczego
Authors: Jurkowlaniec Grażyna , Suchecka Anna
Published: December 2024

Przedmiotem artykułu jest cykl drzeworytów ilustrujących pierwszą edycję polskiego przekładu Ruralia commoda Pietra de’ Crescenziego, na którą Helena Unglerowa uzyskała królewski przywilej w lipcu 1537 r. Wyposażenie graficzne druku zostało zbadane nie tyle pod względem związku ilustracji z tekstem, ile jako źródło pozwalające uściślić chronologię skomplikowanego procesu wydawniczego, który był wyjątkowo długi, zakończył się bowiem dopiero w 1549 r. Analiza drzeworytów pozwoliła też wskazać okoliczności, które mogły przyczynić się do wstrzymania prac, jak również wskazać miejsce tej publikacji wśród innych utworów o tematyce przyrodniczej wydawanych w Krakowie w XVI w.
Dokumenty Bolka II świdnickiego z lat 1361–1365 przechowywane w Archiwum Państwowym we Wrocławiu (i jego oddziale w Jeleniej Górze)
Authors: Zawadzki Tomasz
Published: December 2024

Publikacja obejmuje 21 dokumentów przechowywanych w Archiwum Państwowym we Wrocławiu (i jego oddziale w Jeleniej Górze), wystawionych w latach 1361–1365 przez księcia świdnickiego Bolka II Małego (zm. 1368), jednego z najwybitniejszych Piastów śląskich w XIV w. Dokumenty dotyczą różnych zagadnień i wystawione zostały dla miast/mieszczan, instytucji kościelnych, a także rycerstwa.
Experiencia vivida de las personas con discapacidad auditiva durante la atención sanitaria
Authors: Fuentes Chiquito Alondra del Rocío , Vázquez Velázquez Natalie , Gutiérrez Velázquez Ana Sofía , Flores Raygoza Brenda Fernanda , Tenorio Martínez Hatsumi , Vivero Acosta Estefanía , Altamira Camacho Ramiro
Published: December 2024

Introducción: La comunicación representa un pilar fundamental al brindar atención sanitaria, lo que permite identificar y tratar las necesidades de las personas que la solicitan. Al presentarse algún grado de discapacidad auditiva, se interponen barreras en la relación de cuidado. El objetivo del presente trabajo es explorar la experiencia vivida de las personas con discapacidad auditiva durante la atención sanitaria. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cualitativo fenomenológico hermenéutico. Muestreo por método de cadena de referencia hasta alcanzar la saturación de información. Se solicitó autorización a los participantes, para relatar mediante una entrevista fenomenológica, las vivencias respecto a la atención sanitaria que han recibido. Se consideró un rigor ético y metodológico basado en la validez, credibilidad, transferibilidad, consistencia, empleo de consentimiento informado, confidencialidad y manejo de riesgos. Resultados: Se contó con la participación de 6 personas con discapacidad auditiva, tres del sexo femenino y tres del sexo masculino, cuya edad oscila entre los 26 y 46 años. Se obtuvieron dieciocho temas que se agruparon en cinco unidades de significado: La interpretación como necesidad básica; El sistema de atención sanitaria como generador de discriminación; Reformando la atención sanitaria; Estado de ánimo ante la discriminación y Sorge ante la discriminación. Conclusión: La experiencia vivida de las personas con discapacidad auditiva indica la privación al derecho de la atención sanitaria de calidad. Se insiste en la necesidad de eliminar barreras que contribuyan a la creación de condiciones justas y equitativas para todos.
Report or Name: Textual Variation Between שמע and שם
Authors: Shepherd Michael B.
Published: December 2024

Abstract: In several biblical passages where the MT has [inline-graphic 03] 'report', one or more of the early versions has "name" '[inline-graphic 04]'. While it is possible to explain these ancient renderings either as pseudo-variants or as interpretations of [inline-graphic 03] in their source text, the evidence suggests that the translators had a Hebrew Vorlage that differed from the MT in most of these instances. The present article is devoted to analysis of the relevant texts.
The Event of Otherness: An Interview with James T. Siegel
Authors: Barker Joshua , Rafael Vicente
Published: December 2024

Abstract: An interview with James Siegel in Aceh, Indonesia, in 2007. Aceh was the site of Siegel's doctoral research in the early 1960s, and he has returned there several times in the years since. The authors sent to some of Siegel's former students and colleagues requests for questions that could be put to Siegel in a sort of interview format. Those who responded with questions included Benedict Anderson, Rosalind Morris, John Pemberton, Pietro Pucci, Vicente Rafael, Danilyn Rutherford, and Andrew Willford. Siegel received the questions in advance so that he could prepare answers and select the sequence in which he answered them.
Allegories and Algorithms of the Purge: Thinking with James Siegel, Once Again
Authors: Morris Rosalind C.
Published: December 2024

Abstract: This essay reflects on James T. Siegel's thinking about witchcraft, accusation, and the politics of naming, to consider the contemporary crisis in the humanities and higher education more generally, against the backdrop of war.
For the Love of Teacher
Authors: Ghassem-Fachandi Parvis
Published: December 2024

Abstract: James T. Siegel taught me how to think without reliance on oedipal attachment, to arrive at insight without letting the academic machinery of replication dominate my understanding. Preserving the singularity of creative insight without ignoring those that came before opens a clearing for surprise.
Exploring Squatting in Bucharest Through Public Policy Discourse Analysis
Authors: Arpagian Jasmine
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT: In recent years, many of Bucharest's residential properties registered as historic landmarks were vacated, which in some instances led to the eviction of families informally occupying these properties. Reasons provided by the municipality included projects to consolidate against seismic risk, rehabilitate for historic preservation, and address concerns about public health. The analysis presented here explores the municipality's official public policy discourse around the practice of squatting historic monuments and the squatters themselves. The dominant discourse homogenizes squatters as criminals and vandals of cultural heritage. Excerpts from field interviews with informal occupants are presented in order to identify discrepancies between lived realities and representations of squatting. Findings from this study provide an alternative interpretation to the dominant discourse around this housing practice, a version that highlights the multidimensional insecurity and social inequalities experienced by squatters.
Spread spectrum photon counting compressed depth imaging method
Authors: Shen Shanshan , Wu Lin , Sun Xiao Lin , Su Shi , Zhao Lei , Mao Tian Yi , Ying Tong , He Weiji , Gu Guo Hua , Chen Qian
Published: December 2024

The pseudo-random spread spectrum photon counting three-dimensional imaging community is able to acquire detailed time-correlated photon counting depth profiles by collecting a large amount of data about a scene and applying the matched filtering (MF) algorithm. However, it limits their ability to process, transmit, and store. To solve this problem, we report the structural time-correlated sparse representation depth reconstruction framework. First, the inversion model to reconstruct the time-correlated photon counting depth profile based on the l1-norm is derived. Second, the Hankel matrix sparsity basis is proposed based on the MF’s cross-correlation mechanism. The simulation test results show that compared to the FFT and DCT basis, the proposed basis is sparser. Our main objective is to effectively compress the received photon stamps and exploit the signal sparsity in the correlation domain. In order to validate the proposed framework, extensive experiments on our laboratory system are implemented. The results demonstrate that only 10% of data is sufficient to reconstruct two depth peaks of the partially occluding object with the noise of 100 c/s. When background noise is 100 c/s, 4000 c/s, and 8000 c/s, using the depth estimated by the MF as the reference, the proposed method’s imaging mean squared error is 0.3 cm, 1.4 cm, and 2.8 cm, respectively, only with 10%–30% of data. It consumes nearly one ten-thousandth of the energy of the MF method. The proposed framework is excellent in lightweight data process, high speed computation, and low power consumption.
Design and optimization of a low-loss waveguide taper for a narrow-band O-band multiplexer
Authors: Liu Jiayu , Zhang Chongfu , Chen Jiahong , Zeng Wenjun , Hu Pengju , Liu Qingran
Published: December 2024

The fast deployment of high-performance data centers accelerates the development of O-band wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and its devices. To minimize insertion loss in WDM devices, it is essential to maximize coupling efficiency between optical fibers and waveguides at micro- and nano-scale. In this paper, we propose a low-loss waveguide tapered coupler and its optimization around 1310 nm. The coupler has a vertically placed double-layer rib taper as an intermediate waveguide, and the inverted taper is in a tapered tandem structure. Rib tapers are introduced in the intermediate waveguide and the fiber is coupled to the rib tapers, which are adiabatically reduced in width along the direction of the coupler to vertically reduce the mode size. To minimize footprint, a cascaded inverted taper is introduced. The maximum taper angle per stage corresponding to the long adiabatic taper is first determined. Subsequently, the long tapers are replaced with new shorter tapers. Several parameters are optimized using frequency domain time division (FDTD), including the output waveguide and input surface dimension, the height ratio of rib tapers, the length of inverted tapers, the length of rib tapers, and the tapered profile of tandem structure. The optimization results show that the coupler has an insertion loss of only 0.06 dB at 1310 nm with a device length of 513.4 µm. The two-stage in-plane coupler operates in O-band narrow-band with low insertion loss, offering an efficient solution for coupling fiber to on-chip waveguides.
Highly stable all-fiber optical current transformer based on a differential dual optical path system
Authors: Gu Zhenhong , Li Tianqi , Wang Yuanxin , Luan Hongzhou , Lu Yaqi , Zhang Jinlong
Published: December 2024

To address the vulnerability of all-fiber optical current transformer (FOCT) transmission lines to external vibrations and temperature variations, this study introduces a differential high stability current transformer (SFOCT). This system was subject to simulation, analysis, and practical evaluation on a custom experimental platform designed for vibration and temperature cycling tests. The findings demonstrate that when the transmission line is subjected to vibration interferences at 250 Hz with amplitudes of 50 µm and 99.5 µm, the average ratio errors are 0.153% and 0.165%. Additionally, within a temperature range of −10∘C to 60°C, the ratio error of SFOCT stays within 0.1% throughout the temperature variation range. These results confirm that the SFOCT meets the international 0.2S level accuracy standard for electricians, thereby proving its robust resistance to vibration and temperature changes.
On the cross-layer restoration to address packet layer failures in P2MP-TRX-based WSONs
Authors: Wu Meihan , Chen Xiaoliang , Musumeci Francesco , Li Ruoxing , Zhang Yuxiao , Lv Qian , Zhu Zuqing
Published: December 2024

Digital subcarrier multiplexing (DSCM)-based coherent point-to-multipoint transceivers (P2MP-TRXs) are promising for addressing the shift in traffic patterns from point-to-point (P2P) to hub-and-spoke (H&S), and their application in wavelength-switched optical networks (WSONs) can potentially offer enhanced flexibility and efficiency in handling the mixed traffic therein. In this paper, we study how to secure the survivability of P2MP-TRX-based WSONs against packet layer failures with cross-layer restoration (CLR). By analyzing the unique features of P2MP-TRXs, we first design three CLR strategies to restore the traffic affected by packet layer failure(s) and then formulate an integer linear programming (ILP) model to leverage them for cost-effective CLR, i.e., minimizing the cost introduced during the CLR process. Next, we propose a time-efficient heuristic, namely, hHAG-DP, which leverages hybrid dynamic programming (DP) and a hierarchical auxiliary graph (HAG) to find cost-effective CLR schemes quickly. Extensive simulations confirm the effectiveness of our proposals.
Hyperspectral image classification using a large selective kernel network hybridized tokenization transformer
Authors: Wan Xiaoqing , He Yupeng , Gao Weizhe , Chen Feng , Chen Wenhui
Published: December 2024

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are widely used for hyperspectral image (HSI) classification. However, the high spatial and spectral dimensionality of HSIs often leads to significant computational costs and challenges during network training. Moreover, CNNs are limited in capturing high-level semantic features. In contrast, transformer models are better suited to modeling high-level semantic information and capturing long-range dependencies, making them a promising approach for HSI classification. In this paper, we propose a novel HSI classification framework, LSKTT, which integrates a large selective kernel (LSK) network with a tokenization transformer. The framework consists of three key components: (1) dimensionality reduction via principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce spectral bands and feature extraction through a hybrid 3D and 2D convolutional network; (2) contextual modeling using the LSK network, which dynamically adjusts its receptive field to capture spatial information at varying scales; and (3) a feature tokenization transformer that learns abstract spatial–spectral features to capture deeper semantic relationships. Experimental results on three real-world hyperspectral image datasets demonstrate that the proposed LSKTT outperforms several state-of-the-art methods, both qualitatively and quantitatively.
Open channel exposed core microstructured fibers for sensing both pressure and refractive index
Authors: Xue Pingsheng , Fu Yongqing , Wu Qiang , Liu Qiang
Published: December 2024

An open channel exposed core microstructured fiber is designed and fabricated for pressure and refractive index sensing. The core is on a flat platform surrounded by the cladding on which there is an open gap that allows the surrounding medium to contact the core. Due to the specially designed microstructure, the external pressure compresses the fiber core and causes changes of birefringence because of the photo-elastic effect. As the core is exposed, the mode effective refractive index is significantly affected by the surrounding refractive indices. Such developed fiber sensor exhibits an extremely high sensitivity for pressure which is -0.293 nm/kPa (0 to 240 kPa) and refractive index sensing, achieving -4461.74 nm/RIU (1.332 to 1.350). This fiber is promising in application scenarios like the gas/oil industry, water treatment, and maritime monitoring.
Atomic layer deposition-enabled few-mode erbium-doped waveguide amplifiers with low differential mode gains
Authors: Wang Chunxu , Song Jingcui , Ao Zhaohuan , Chen Yingyu , Xiao Yongguang , Chen Qingming , Zhang YiFan , Yi Xingwen , Li Zhaohui
Published: December 2024

We present a novel and efficient methodology for obtaining high-gain on-chip few-mode erbium-doped waveguide amplifiers, which exhibit a moderate differential mode gain (DMG). The efficiency of the device is validated by an optimized algorithm that theoretically models the gain performance of the six lowest-order optical modes, namely TE0, TM0, TE1, TM1, TE2, and TM2. Notably, these six signal modes achieve internal net gains exceeding 22 dB within a 5-cm-long waveguide, while maintaining the DMG at a mere 2 dB. This DMG value represents a significant reduction of 5 dB compared to the non-optimized uniform doping configuration. Furthermore, a maximum saturated output power of 150 mW has been achieved. As a practical demonstration, we also propose a feasible fabrication process utilizing atomic layer deposition (ALD) along with standard complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) techniques. These results demonstrate the superiority of our methodology in enhancing the performance of few-mode optical waveguide amplifiers.
Horizontal transfers between fungal Fusarium species contributed to successive outbreaks of coffee wilt disease
Authors: Peck Lily D. , Llewellyn Theo , Bennetot Bastien , O’Donnell Samuel , Nowell Reuben W. , Ryan Matthew J. , Flood Julie , Rodríguez de la Vega Ricardo C. , Ropars Jeanne , Giraud Tatiana , Spanu Pietro D. , Barraclough Timothy G.
Published: December 2024

Outbreaks of fungal diseases have devastated plants and animals throughout history. Over the past century, the repeated emergence of coffee wilt disease caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium xylarioides severely impacted coffee production across sub-Saharan Africa. To improve the disease management of such pathogens, it is crucial to understand their genetic structure and evolutionary potential. We compared the genomes of 13 historic strains spanning 6 decades and multiple disease outbreaks to investigate population structure and host specialisation. We found that F. xylarioides comprised at least 4 distinct lineages: 1 host-specific to Coffea arabica, 1 to C. canephora var. robusta, and 2 historic lineages isolated from various Coffea species. The presence/absence of large genomic regions across populations, the higher genetic similarities of these regions between species than expected based on genome-wide divergence and their locations in different loci in genomes across populations showed that horizontal transfers of effector genes from members of the F. oxysporum species complex contributed to host specificity. Multiple transfers into F. xylarioides populations matched different parts of the F. oxysporum mobile pathogenicity chromosome and were enriched in effector genes and transposons. Effector genes in this region and other carbohydrate-active enzymes important in the breakdown of plant cell walls were shown by transcriptomics to be highly expressed during infection of C. arabica by the fungal arabica strains. Widespread sharing of specific transposons between F. xylarioides and F. oxysporum, and the correspondence of a putative horizontally transferred regions to a Starship (large mobile element involved in horizontal gene transfers in fungi), reinforce the inference of horizontal transfers and suggest that mobile elements were involved. Our results support the hypothesis that horizontal gene transfers contributed to the repeated emergence of coffee wilt disease.
Circuits and mechanisms for TMS-induced corticospinal waves: Connecting sensitivity analysis to the network graph
Authors: Yu Gene J. , Ranieri Federico , Di Lazzaro Vincenzo , Sommer Marc A. , Peterchev Angel V. , Grill Warren M.
Published: December 2024

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive, FDA-cleared treatment for neuropsychiatric disorders with broad potential for new applications, but the neural circuits that are engaged during TMS are still poorly understood. Recordings of neural activity from the corticospinal tract provide a direct readout of the response of motor cortex to TMS, and therefore a new opportunity to model neural circuit dynamics. The study goal was to use epidural recordings from the cervical spine of human subjects to develop a computational model of a motor cortical macrocolumn through which the mechanisms underlying the response to TMS, including direct and indirect waves, could be investigated. An in-depth sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify important pathways, and machine learning was used to identify common circuit features among these pathways. Sensitivity analysis identified neuron types that preferentially contributed to single corticospinal waves. Single wave preference could be predicted using the average connection probability of all possible paths between the activated neuron type and L5 pyramidal tract neurons (PTNs). For these activations, the total conduction delay of the shortest path to L5 PTNs determined the latency of the corticospinal wave. Finally, there were multiple neuron type activations that could preferentially modulate a particular corticospinal wave. The results support the hypothesis that different pathways of circuit activation contribute to different corticospinal waves with participation of both excitatory and inhibitory neurons. Moreover, activation of both afferents to the motor cortex as well as specific neuron types within the motor cortex initiated different I-waves, and the results were interpreted to propose the cortical origins of afferents that may give rise to certain I-waves. The methodology provides a workflow for performing computationally tractable sensitivity analyses on complex models and relating the results to the network structure to both identify and understand mechanisms underlying the response to acute stimulation.
Prevalence of hepatitis coinfection and substance use among antiretroviral therapy clinic clients with hazardous alcohol use in Vietnam
Authors: Chen Jane S. , Levintow Sara N. , Tran Ha V. , Sibley Adams L. , Blackburn Natalie A. , Sripaipan Teerada , Hutton Heidi E. , Go Vivian F. , Chander Geetanjali
Published: December 2024

The confluence of injection drug use (IDU), alcohol consumption, and viral hepatitis increases morbidity among persons living with HIV (PWH). We present a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial of alcohol reduction interventions in Thai Nguyen, Vietnam conducted between 2016–2018. We assessed hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) coinfection among PWH reporting hazardous alcohol consumption and examined differences in IDU and alcohol use by coinfection status. Participants were ≥18 years old, living with HIV, and reported hazardous alcohol consumption per the WHO Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test Consumption (AUDIT-C; score ≥4 for men, score ≥3 for women). At enrollment, participants were tested for hepatitis coinfection with HBV surface antigen tests and rapid serological HCV tests. Demographic information, IDU, and recent alcohol consumption were assessed via behavioral survey and 30-day timeline follow back. Fishers Exact and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for statistical testing. Hepatitis coinfection was common among the 440 enrolled PWH: HCV: n = 355 (81%); HBV: n = 5 (1%); HBV and HCV: n = 37 (8%). Only 10% (n = 43) of participants had no hepatitis coinfection. Among those who tested positive for HBV, 36% had previously been diagnosed with HBV; among those who tested seropositive for HCV, 18% had previously received an HCV diagnosis. History of IDU was higher among those with hepatitis coinfection (HBV or HCV coinfection: 88%; HBV and HCV coinfections: 97%) than those without hepatitis coinfection (7%; p<0.01). Median days of alcohol consumption in the last 30 days was higher among those with coinfection (HBV or HCV coinfection: 20 (Interquartile Range (IQR): 10–30); HBV and HCV coinfections: 22 (IQR: 13–28) than those without hepatitis coinfection (10; IQR: 6–21; p<0.01). The syndemic conditions of HIV, hepatitis, IDU, and alcohol use are deeply entangled and challenging to parse out. Integrated health services are warranted to reduce the risk of liver-related morbidity.
Unimproved source of drinking water and the associated factors: Insights from the 2020 Somalia demographic and health survey
Authors: Mahdi Hassan Abdisalam , Barakale Nimo Mohamoud , Salih Omran , Muse Abdisalam Hassan
Published: December 2024

Access to safe drinking water is a fundamental human right and a critical public health concern, particularly in lower- and middle-income countries with limited infrastructure. Somalia faces significant challenges in providing improved drinking water sources, with a high prevalence of unimproved sources. This study analyzes data from the SHDS 2020 to investigate the prevalence of unimproved drinking water sources and identify associated factors. A cross-sectional study of 32,300 participants was conducted to identify factors associated with using unimproved drinking water sources. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed using Stata 16 software. Variables with a p-value < 0.05 in bivariate analysis were included in the multivariate model. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to estimate the association of significant variables with the outcome. Approximately 22.04% (95% CI: 21.5%, 22.4%) of the Somali population utilizes unimproved drinking water sources. Households with a head aged 20 years and above (AOR = 0.88, p = 0.059) were less likely to rely on unimproved sources than households with a head under 20 years. Female household heads (AOR = 1.17, p = 0.000) were more likely to use unimproved sources than male household heads. Unemployed partners (AOR = 1.14, p = 0.000) were more likely to use unimproved sources than employed partners. Rural (AOR = 1.12, p = 0.013) and nomadic (AOR = 0.93, p = 0.175) residents were more likely to use unimproved sources than urban residents. Households in Mudug (AOR = 31.18, p = 0.000), Nugaal (AOR = 4.15, p = 0.000), Bari (AOR = 5.26, p = 0.000), and Sanaag (AOR = 2.52, p = 0.000) regions were less likely to use unimproved sources compared to households in other regions. These findings highlight the urgent need for Somalia to improve its provision of safe and accessible water sources.
An exploration of the role of trust and rapport in enhancing vaccine uptake among Anishinaabe in rural northern Ontario
Authors: Sanders Chris , Burnett Kristin , Ray Lana , Ulanova Marina , Halperin Donna M. , Halperin Scott A. ,   on behalf of the Canadian Immunization Research Network
Published: December 2024

This article examines the complicated terrain of immunization acceptance and access among Indigenous peoples in northern Ontario by drawing on conversations held prior to 2019 that explored knowledge about Haemophilus influenzae type a (Hia) infection specifically and attitudes toward vaccines more broadly. In the decade preceding COVID-19, Hia emerged as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Indigenous communities in northern Canada. Before developing new vaccines, it is imperative to hold conversations with the communities most affected and to learn more about Indigenous peoples’ perceptions of and knowledge about vaccines, both generally and Hia specifically. We conducted focus groups and one-on-one conversations with Anishinaabe Peoples in northwestern Ontario. Our findings illustrate that decisions to vaccinate are informed by a host of social, institutional, and ideological factors and historical and contemporary relationships with government institutions and health practitioners. In particular, Indigenous community members perceived their relationships with social and health services and education institutions as coercive. Thus, public health approaches cannot continue to operate in ways that prioritize interventions for Indigenous peoples and communities so that they “do the right thing.” More emphasis is needed on health service and social service provider knowledge, skills, attitudes and practices-redirecting the onus onto those within the health care system. Solutions must respect Indigenous nationhood and the right of self-determination. Finally, we suggest the term vaccine hesitancy may not entirely capture the breadth of experiences that many Indigenous Peoples and communities have and continue to have within the health care system in Canada.
TRPML1 acts as a predisposing factor in lymphedema development by regulating the subcellular localization of aquaporin-3, -5
Authors: Yang Lijie , Wang Guanzheng , Ma Yuan , Zhao Qiancheng , Zhao He , Wang Qi , Zhong Chonghua , Zhang Chunmei , Yang Yiming
Published: December 2024

An imbalance in lymphatic fluid, whether it is caused by generation, transport, outflow, or dysfunctional vessels, can lead to lymphedema; however, the exact pathogenesis of this disease remains unclear. To explore the mechanism, we focused on the association among TRPML1, aquaporin-3 (AQP3), and aquaporin-5 (AQP5) in human lymphatic endothelial cells (HLECs). We explored the role of TRPML1 in altering the permeability of HLECs in lymphedema. Meanwhile, we constructed a disease model using gene-knockout mice to observe the effect of TRPML1 on inflammation and fibrosis in lymphedema sites. Our results indicate that TRPML1 not only regulates the localization of AQP3, -5 to the cell membrane but also increases HLEC permeability, disrupts lymphatic fluid transport, and mediates the development of chronic inflammation at the site of lymphedema. Our study suggests that TRPML1 is a precipitating factor in lymphedema. Our findings improve the understanding of TRPML1 and aquaporins in secondary lymphedema, providing valuable insights for future research.
Clinical and radiologic features of soft tissue sarcoma in trunk and extremities that underwent unplanned excision
Authors: Seo Yujin , Yoon Young Cheol , Kim Hyun Su , Seo Sung Wook , Choi Yoon-La , Kim Kyunga , Lee Ji Hyun
Published: December 2024

Background

To identify the clinical and imaging characteristics of soft tissue sarcomas (STS) of the trunk and extremities that undergo unplanned excision.

Methods

This retrospective study evaluated the data of patients with STS in the trunk or extremities between January 2008 and December 2021. Patients were divided into unplanned and planned excision groups based on their initial treatment. The distribution of histologic subtypes was analyzed, and the magnetic resonance imaging features were evaluated. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify variables independently associated with unplanned excision.

Results

A total of 305 patients (mean age±standard deviation, 51±16.4 years; 179 males) were analyzed. The most prevalent subtype in the unplanned excision group was myxofibrosarcoma (22.3%). The unplanned excision group had a significantly smaller tumor size (p < 0.001) and more frequent superficial (p < 0.001) locations. Lobulated shape and peritumoral abnormalities were present in 70.0% and 50.0% of the unplanned excision group, respectively. Tumor size (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.87 per 1 cm increase; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.77–0.98; p = 0.025) and superficial location (adjusted OR, 3.48; 95% CI, 1.57–7.72; p = 0.002) were independently associated with unplanned excision.

Conclusion

Myxofibrosarcoma is associated with a high frequency of unplanned excision. A significant number of patients in the unplanned excision group demonstrated a lobulated shape and peritumoral abnormalities. Only small tumor size and superficial location were independently associated with unplanned STS excision.
Uncovering the essence of moving experiences in Japanese culture: Development and validation of a kando reaction scale
Authors: Shoda Haruka , Yasuda Shoko , Uemiya Ai , Yuhaku Atsushi , Isaka Tadao
Published: December 2024

Kando is a Japanese term referring to a spectrum of reactions associated with feeling moved experiences. This study developed an instrument to measure an individual’s degree of kando and its associated reactions and explored how Japanese people experience kando in their lives. As part of a large-scale survey, we analyzed data from 4,690 Japanese participants aged 20–69. In the survey, participants recalled and described their most significant kando events and rated their experiences on a provisional kando reaction scale consisting of 43 items. The results indicated that the most significant kando events could be grouped into eight clusters: family issues, interpersonal relationships, arts, sports, travel/nature, negative issues, achievements, and religion/disaster. Using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, we constructed a 33-item kando reaction scale with a correlated 11-factor structure. The degree of kando and its relevant reactions differed as functions of event clusters and population characteristics such as sex and age. For example, kando on family issues generated multiple, somewhat contrasting, responses such as happiness and hardship. Intense arousal when experiencing kando tended to increase depending on the individual’s age. Our kando reaction scale can be a useful instrument for describing and exploring psychological mechanisms relevant to kando.