bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ecological and Geographical Variability of Annual Shoots of Hawthorn in Dagestan
Authors: Zalibekov M. D. , Gabibova A. R.
Published: April 2024

The paper presents the results of an ecological-geographical experiment on 4 species of hawthorn at two experimental bases of the Mountain Botanical Garden (1100 m and 1700 m a.s.l.). To identify intraspecific and interspecific variability of shoots and leaves, descriptive statistics, Student’s t-test, one- and two-way ANOVA and discriminant analyses were used, for which 10 quantitative signs of the annual shoot of individuals in the virginal period were analysed. The adaptive abilities and morphological features’ variability of annual shoots and leaves of hawthorn under different growing conditions were determined. At the age of five, the samples grown at an altitude of 1700 m a.s.l. have the largest average indicators values. Differences depending on the place of cultivation were most pronounced in C. pseudoheterophylla, for other samples, the effect of altitude is insignificant. One- and two-factor ANOVA in a hierarchical complex made it possible to determine the difference-defining traits, as well as the degree to which the ecotope affected the variability of traits. Having considered interspecific differences/similarities in terms of shoots’ and leaves’ traits under different growing conditions and using discriminant analysis, we were able to draw a preliminary conclusion: subsectional differences/similarities were most clearly manifested at an altitude of 1700 m, and interspecific differences – at an altitude of 1100 m. a.s.l. The work was carried out within the unique scientific installation “The System of Experimental Bases of the Mountain Botanical Garden”.
New Records of Archaeorhizomycetes from Russia Revealed by Metagenomic Approach
Authors: Bibikov N. M. , Voronina E. Yu. , Kurakov A. V.
Published: April 2024

The class Archaeorhizomycetes (Taphrinomycotina, Ascomycota) is a cosmopolitan group of fungi associated with the plant root system. Representatives of this class are extremely poorly studied due to the difficulty of cultivation, but sequences belonging to Archaeorhizomycetes are often detected during sequencing of natural substrates. Four unique sequences belonging to Archaeorhizomycetes were obtained during a study of the diversity of fungi associated with the orchid Goodyera repens by next-generation high-throughput sequencing of the ITS2 site. One sequence identical to Archaeorhizomyces borealis was identified in Russia for the first time, while two sequences presumably belong to a yet undescribed genus. One sequence belonging to an undescribed species of the genus Archaeorhizomyces is the most frequently detected in all types of samples (sod-podzolic soil, coniferous tree roots, rhizosphere, and orchid roots). The presence of nucleotide sequences of representatives of this class in the root system of Goodyera repens was shown for the first time, and the presence of one sequence in free soil was shown for the first time. The sequences were deposited in the GenBank database.
Efficiency of the Use of Entomopathogenic Fungus Metarhizium robertsii Against Potato Rhizoctoniosis
Authors: Shaldyaeva E. M. , Pilipova Yu. V. , Tomilova O. G. , Glupov V. V.
Published: April 2024

For the first time in Western Siberia, production tests of an experimental prototype of the drug based on the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium robertsii were carried out. Its ability to significantly restrain the development of potato rhizoctoniosis throughout the entire growing season is shown. A significant decrease in the death of sprouts and the development of rhizoctoniosis on the stems was established in comparison with the control and chemical protectant. In the area with the use of M. robertsii, a significant increase in the number of healthy tubers (by 2.5 times) was noted, the number of tubers with sclerotia decreased by 2.8 times compared to the control. The effectiveness of M. robertsii in the suppression of rhizoctoniosis was high at all stages of potato ontogeny and amounted to 52–84%. In laboratory experiments in the presence of M. robertsii, a significant inhibition of the formation of Rhizoctonia solani sclerotia on tubers was established, as well as a decrease in their viability and size.
Diversity of Microfungi on Wood of the Coastal Zone of Heiss Island (Franz Joseph Land Archipelago)
Authors: Pankova I. G. , Kirtsideli I. Yu. , Iliushin V. A. , Zelenskaya M. S. , Vlasov D. Yu. , Gavrilo М. V. , Barantsevich E. P.
Published: April 2024

The material for the study was wood samples that were collected in the summer of 2021 on the coast of Heiss Island in the Franz Josef Land archipelago, in the Arctic Ocean. Heiss Island is located in the central area of the archipelago. The wood was 1) brought by the sea (“drift wood”) and was located on the shore at minor distances from the water line or 2) anthropogenic origin and was an external part of abandoned structures. As a result of investigations, we revealed complexes of microfungi on coniferous and deciduous wood, which include 30 species of microfungi, mainly from the Ascomycota division. Species of the genus Cadophora were found in the greatest number of examined samples. Indicators of species diversity and occurrence of representatives of the Basidio-mycota department were low. The yeast component (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) accounted for 23% of the identified species. A total of 25 species were found in wood samples of anthropogenic origin and 12 species in drift wood samples. Studies of the enzymatic activity of microfungi showed that ligninolytic activity was noted in 50% of the strains studied, amylazolytic in 62%, and cellulolytic in 85% of the strains studied. A group of psychrotrophic species with high ligninolytic activity, together with cellulolytic and amylase activity, and well adapted to decomposition of wood substrate in the extreme conditions of the Arctic was identified. Activity profiles of different isolates of the same species do not always coincide and expression of individual enzymatic activity factors in many cases has a strain character.
Micromycetes Rossicae: Chorological and Taxonomical Notes. 6. Diatrypella Quercina (Xylariales, Ascomycota) in Russia
Authors: Shishlyannikova A. B. , Zmitrovich I. V. , Zarudnaya G. I.
Published: April 2024

The present notice continues the series on rare and interesting species of microfungi and is devoted to the stromatic ascomycete Diatrypella quercina (Xylariales, Ascomycota), the saprotroph associated with crown self-thinning in Quercus robur. An extended morphological description of the species is given, and its differences from closely related species, Diatrypella favacea and D. pulvinata, are analyzed. The data on the global and regional distribution of this rather scarce species are analyzed. The list of studied exsicates and herbarium documentation is provided. The conclusion concerning the optimum range of D. quercina is given.
New Data on Agaricoid Basidiomycetes of the Shantar Islands National Park (Khabarovsk Territory, Russia)
Authors: Erofeeva E. A. , Bulakh E. M. , Kochunova N. A.
Published: April 2024

The Shantar Islands is an archipelago in the western part of the Sea of Okhotsk, at a distance of about 50 km from the mainland coast. In August 2019, we have carried out mycological studies on the islands of Bolshoi Shantar and Prokofiev. An annotated list is given of 103 species first found in the national park; 21 species of them were found in Khabarovsk Territory for the first time. The Shantar Islands are geographically the northernmost area in the Khabarovsk Territory, where specialized mycological studies were carried out. Such new species for the region as Cortinarius acutus, C. bivelus, C. traganus, Chromosera lilacina, Laccaria bicolor, in the Russian Far East were previously known only from more northern regions: Magadan Region, Kamchatka, Chukotka, Yakutia and from the taiga zone of Amur Region. Taking into account previously published data, a total of 105 species of agaricoid basidiomycetes are known for the national park.
Extracellular Zn Detoxication by Penicillium chrysogenum and Aspergillus niger
Authors: Sazanova K. V. , Zelenskaya M. S. , Korneev A. V. , Vlasov D. Yu.
Published: April 2024

Microfungi are promising objects for bioremediation due to their ability to convert metals into forms that are less mobile and accessible to organisms. The study showed that the fungi Penicillium chrysogenum and Aspergillus niger have physiological mechanisms of extracellular Zn detoxification at its initial concentration of 250 µmol – 2 mmol in the medium. At concentrations of 250–500 µmol Zn promotes the accumulation of biomass and abundant sporulation of A. niger and Penicillium chrysogenum, and at concentrations of 1–2 mmol inhibits the growth of fungi. Extracellular Zn detoxification in Aspergillus niger culture occurs by the formation of dihydrate zinc oxalate katsarosite, due to the active biosynthesis of oxalic acid in A. niger. The main mechanism of zinc detoxification in Penicillium chrysogenum culture was the formation of zinc phosphate hopeite. The formation of zinc phosphate hopeite under the action of the fungus was established for the first time. The key factors that determine the direction of the processes of formation of extracellular mineral phases are the amounts of EPS and oxalic acid produced by fungi, as well as changes in the pH of the medium during the growth of cultures.
Characterization of the Northwestern Population of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici on the Basis of Virulence and Representation of Invasive PstS1 and PstS2 Races
Authors: Shaydayuk E. L. , Gultyaeva E. I.
Published: April 2024

The expansion of the area of significance of yellow rust was observed in the last years. Until recently, in the conditions of the North-West, the disease occurred sporadically. However, in recent years, its strong development has been observed on wheat samples studied on the collection fields of scientific research institutes and State variety plots, as well as on some commercial fields in the Leningrad region. The aim of this work is to study the virulence and racial composition of the yellow rust pathogen in the Northwest and to conduct a molecular analysis of population samples for the presence of invasive races PstS1 and PstS2. Leaves of common wheat samples with of Puccinia striiformis urediniopustules were collected on commercial fields, State variety plots and experimental fields of the Research Institutes in 2020–2022. Near isogenic Avocet lines (Av NIL) with genes Yr1, Yr5, Yr6, Yr7, Yr8, Yr9, Yr10, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr24, Yr26, YrSp, Yr27 and differential varieties from international [Chinese 166 (Yr1), Lee (Yr7, Yr+), Heines Kolben (Yr6, Yr+), Vilmorin 23 (Yr3), Moro (Yr10, YrMor), Strubes Dickkopf (YrSD, Yr25, Yr+), Suwon 92/Omar) (YrSu, Yr+)] and European [Hybrid 46 (Yr4, Yr+), Reichersberg 42 (Yr7, Yr+), Heines Peko (Yr2, Yr6, Yr25, Yr+), Nord Desprez (Yr3, YrND, Yr+), Compair (Yr8, Yr19), Carstens V (Yr32, Yr25, Yr+), Spaldings Prolific (YrSP, Yr+), Heines VII (Yr2, Yr25, Yr+)] sets used for characteristic of pathogen virulence. Set of SCAR markers (SCP19M24a1, SCP19M24a2, SCP19M26a1, SCP19M26a2) used for identification of invasive races. A total 92 isolates were studied. High effectiveness at the seedling stage had genes Yr5, Yr10, Yr15, Yr24, Yr26. Isolates virulent to differential varieties Moro (Yr10, YrMor) and Nord Desprez (Yr3, YrND, Yr+) was not determined. Virulence to wheat genotypes with Yr17 gene was rare. Twenty-four virulence phenotypes identified using 29 virulence testers. The number of virulence alleles varied from 7 to 21. At the same time, differences between the phenotypes of P. striiformis on the studied common wheat varieties were insignificant. Most of them have united in a common group. Two groups of isolates slightly differentiated from them. The first included isolates from varieties characterized by a smaller number of virulence alleles, the second – with the maximum number of virulence alleles. Molecular analysis of the northwestern po-pulation revealed isolates belonging to the invasive PstS2 group in 2020 and 2022. Their virulence did not differ significantly from other northwestern phenotypes. The high evolutionary potential predetermines the need for annual monitoring of pathogen populations based on virulence and representation of invasive races.
SIDERA TIBETICA (HYMENOCHAETALES, BASIDIOMYCOTA), A NEW SPECIES TO RUSSIA
Authors: Volobuev S. V.
Published: April 2024

The first findings of recently described polypore fungus Sidera tibetica are revealed in the Caspian lowland forests of the Samursky National Park in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. Basidiomata collected on Pinus brutia var. eldarica were studied by both light microscopy and molecular methods. Detailed information on new localities and habitats of Sidera tibetica as well as the collection numbers of specimens deposited in the Mycological Herbarium of the Komarov Botanical Institute of RAS (LE) are provided. Two complete sequences of ITS1–5.8S–ITS2 nuclear ribosomal DNA for Caucasian specimens of S. tibetica have been obtained and submitted to the GenBank database. Newly generated sequences are formed a separate well-supported clade in the Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic analysis together with all available ITS nrDNA sequences of S. tibetica originated from Belarussian and Chinese collections including the reference sequence from a holotype.
Transcriptional Coactivator BOB1 (OBF1, OCA-B) in Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Tomilin A. N. , Yeremenko N. G.
Published: April 2024

Despite significant efforts in biomedicine for several decades, autoimmune diseases continue to remain largely incurable and, moreover, poorly understood in terms of the molecular mechanisms underlying their onset and progression. It is generally accepted that autoimmune pathologies result from a malfunction of the adaptive immune system in genetically susceptible individuals leading to the appearance of autoreactive B- and T-lymphocytes. However, the exact molecular pathways that drive the activation of autoreactive lymphocytes, leading to the amplification and perpetuation of self-directed immune responses are largely unknown. A number of experimental data accumulated over the past few years indicate a key role of BOB1, namely its imbalanced expression, in the onset of autoreactive lymphocytes. It has been postulated that the coactivator BOB1 affects transcription and local chromatin state indirectly, via selective interaction with DNA-binding POU-domain transcription factors – ubiquitous OCT1 and B-cell-specific OCT2, stabilises the binding of the OCT factors to DNA. The review lists the latest evidences of an important role of BOB1 in pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and positions this protein as a promising target in the treatment of these diseases.
Neurogenesis in Brain Neurogenic Niches in Experimental Alzheimer’s Disease at the Presymptomatic Stage of Neurodegeneration
Authors: Averchuk A. S. , Ryazanova M. V. , Rozanova N. A. , Kolotyeva N. A. , Stavrovskaya A. V. , Novikova S. V. , Salmina A. B.
Published: April 2024

Deciphering the mechanisms of development of neurodegeneration at the presymptomatic stage is an urgent task. It’s solving allows optimizing the methods of early diagnostics and prevention of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Goal of the study: to study the features of neurogenesis in brain neurogenic niches in experimental Alzheimer’s disease at the presymptomatic stage of neurodegeneration. Modeling of AD in vivo was carried out in experimental animals (male mice, C57BL/6, 8 months old) as follows: the control group, n = 30, animals were injected with 2 µl of a 0.9% NaCl solution in the CA1 field of the hippocampus; the experimental group, n = 30, animals were injected with a 1M solution of oligomerized beta-amyloid 25–35 (Aβ25–35) (2 μl bilaterally). Cognitive impairments have been assessed with the passive avoidance task (PAT). For immunohistochemical studies, we identified the subgranular zone of the hippocampus (SGZ) and the subventricular zone (SVZ) in frozen sections of the brain tissue. We have analyzed the expression of markers – Nestin, Pax6, NeuroD1, VEGFR2, as well as apoptosis (TUNEL protocol) in neurogenic niches. In the period preceding the manifestation of cognitive dysfunction (from 9 to 17 days after intrahippocampal administration of Aβ25–35), we registered multidirectional changes in the expression of markers of neurogenesis, neoangiogenesis and the severity of apoptosis in the SGZ of the hippocampus and in the SVZ. At 9th day since the beginning of development of Alzheimer’s type neurodegeneration, we found elevated expression of Pax6 and VEGFR2 in the SGZ and higher number of Nestin+ cells in the SVZ. Subsequent application of the PAT protocol with the presentation of an aversive stimulus (day 10) or the corresponding context (days 11 and 17) resulted in dynamic changes in the expression of cell markers at different stages of neurogenesis. In sum, аt the presymptomatic stage of the Alzheimer’s type neurodegeneration, SGZ and SVZ show signs of aberrant neurogenesis associated with a disruption in the pool of stem and progenitor cells and suppression of the production of neuroblasts/immature neurons in the period preceding the evident cognitive dysfunction.
Morphological Features and Morphometric Parameters of Peripheral Blood Eosinophiles in Raccoon Dogs Nyctereutes procyonoides (Grey, 1834)
Authors: Kalinina S. N. , Kizhina A. G. , Ilyukha V. A.
Published: April 2024

The aim of this work was to analyze the morphology and morphometric parameters of peripheral blood eosinophils and eosinophilic granules in raccoon dogs Nyctereutes procyonoides (Grey, 1834). On blood smears stained by Pappenheim, the composition of the leukocyte formula was determined, the morphological features and morphometric parameters of eosinophils and their granules were evaluated. Cytochemical methods revealed the localization of peroxidase and cationic proteins in eosinophils. ANOVA was used to assess the effect of sex. As a result of the study, it was found that raccoon dogs are characterized by a high relative content of eosinophils (7–10%), as well as the presence of large secretory granules in them. Along with the common eosinophils, there were cells with abnormal granularity (low number of secretory granules, the presence of vacuole-like granules that did not stain with the dyes used). The influence of sex was expressed in a higher proportion of eosinophils with abnormal granularity in males compared to females, while the latter had higher morphometric parameters (the number and average area of granules in one cell, the ratio of the area occupied by granules to the area of the cell). Since the causes of abnormally granular eosinophils in raccoon dogs are not completely clear, there is a need for further research into this issue.
Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases and the Potential Possibility of their Neutralization
Authors: Nevzglyadova O. V. , Mikhailova E. V. , Soidla T. R.
Published: April 2024

Different protein forms inevitably load up in the cell under the influence of external and internal factors. With aging, the activity of chaperones and other components of the cell protein quality control machinery decreases. This results in accumulation of misfolded proteins with altered conformation. The most drastic alteration is the conversion of the active soluble molecules to the insoluble and inactive amyloid. Such a conformation shift of proteins is considered to lie behind the neurodegeneration process. A number of studies are devoted to neurodegeneration, but many details of the process still need to be clarified. In this review we outline some modern views on molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of the most widespread Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. These are based on a series of interactions between Abeta and alfa-synuclein and membrane receptors and are modulated by phase separation and cross-seeding with other cell prions. Special attention is paid to natural polyfunctional compounds as promising therapeutic agents.
Effect of Perinatal Hypoxia (Asphixia) on the Distribution of the α1 GABAA-Receptor Subunit in the Neocortex of Newborn Rats
Authors: Khozhai L. I.
Published: April 2024

The aim of this work was to study the distribution of the α1 GABAA-receptor subunit in the neocortical layers of rats in the neonatal period after exposure to hypoxia. The effect of hypoxia on the brain of newborn rats was carried out on the 2nd neonatal day for 1 h at an oxygen content in the respiratory mixture of 7.8%. An immunohistochemical reaction was used to detect the α1 GABAA-receptor subunit. The quantitative protein content was estimated from the density of immunostaining of the reaction product in the cytoplasm and processes of neurons. The somatosensory area of the neocortex was studied on the 5th and 10th neonatal days (P5, P10). It has been established that in the neocortex there is a significant population of young neurons containing the α1 subunit, which is part of the GABAA-receptor in the early stages of the neonatal period. By the end of the neonatal period in control animals, the staining density of the product of reaction to the detection of GABAAα1 in the layers of the neocortex increases significantly. Exposure to perinatal hypoxia causes a reduction in the number of neurons containing the α1 GABAA-receptor subunit and a significant decrease in the density of immune staining in all layers of the neocortex.
Cytokine Profile of Myocardial Cells in Coronary Heart Disease and Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Stelmashenko A. I. , Andreev S. L. , Litvinova L. S. , Malashchenko V. V. , Todosenko N. M. , Gazatova N. D. , Khlusov I. А. , Shipulin V. M.
Published: April 2024

In the present work, we carried out a comparative analysis of myocardial cytokine profile in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICMP) associated with CHD. The concentrations of 41 cytokines secreted by 24-hour myocardial tissue culture intraoperatively sampled from the right atrial auricle (RAA, control) and peri-infarct left ventricular zone (PZ-LV) were determined by flow fluorimetry using a multiplex test system. The aim was to study in vitro cytokine profile of myocardial cells to search for possible predictors of adverse outcomes of surgical treatment of patients with CHD and ICMP. Myocardial secretion of proinflammatory molecules GM-CSF and IFN-γ increased significantly (up to 78-80 pg/g, p0.05) in patients with ICMP associated with CHD in contrast to zero values in CHD. At the same time, there was a three-fold decrease in the concentration of fractalkin 3 ligand (Flt-3L; FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand). A decrease in Flt-3L secretion was observed in the PZ-LV in comparison with the RAA. In addition, compared with RAA, concentrations of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), platelet-derived growth factor-AB/BB (PDGFAB/BB), interleukins IL-15 and IL-4, and a regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES; CCL5) were strongly reduced in PZ-LV myocardial tissue culture. Differences in the course of CHD and ICMP are discussed, and possible predictors of surgical treatment risk in patients of the two groups are suggested using correlation and regression analyses. Proinflammatory cytokines (IL-5, IL-6) and chemokines (Flt-3L, IL-8), as well as angiogenesis factors (VEGF) and angiostasis (IP-10), are proposed to be considered as potential markers of adverse outcome of surgical treatment of cardiovascular disease.
The Effect of Synthetic Polycation Poly-2-Dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate on Biological Activity of Mammalian Resident and Nonresident Cells
Authors: Ivanova V. P. , Alekseenko L. L. , Nazarova O. V. , Mindukshev I. V.
Published: April 2024

Cationic polymers are the positively charged macromolecules that have in their structure N-containing functional groups such as primary, secondary and tertiary amine groups; quaternary ammonium groups and others. The effect of synthetic polycation poly-2-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate (PDMAEM) on biological activity of animal fibroblasts (CHL V-79 RJK) and human red blood cells (RBCs) was studied. The influence of PDMAEM on cell adhesion using fibroblast culture was analyzed. Cultural plastic treated or untreated by polycation was used as substrate. The polycation adsorption on polystyrene surface did not change the adhesive capacity of fibroblasts. Pretreatment of fibroblasts with PDMAEM did not influence at low concentrations (0.1 and 1 μg/mL) the adhesive properties of cells plated on the untreated plastic surface. At high concentrations (10 and 100 μg/mL) PDMAEM inhibited the attachment of fibroblasts to this substrate. Relationship between the inhibition of cell adhesion under PDMAEM action and the toxic effect on fibroblast viability has been found. The PDMAEM treatment of human RBCs at high doses led to the damage of cells and release of hemoglobin to incubation medium. At low doses PDMAEM practically did not influence the hemolysis of RBCs. It was shown that PDMAEM induced the change of the shape and aggregation of RBCs. The toxic effect of PDMAEM on human RBCs coincided as a whole with such effect for animal fibroblasts. Possible cell targets upon the PDMAEM effect are discussed.
Metabolism and Receptor Mechanisms of Niacin Action
Authors: Boronovskiy S. E. , Kopylova V. S. , Nartsissov Y. R.
Published: April 2024

The article discusses the metabolism of niacin, also known as vitamin B3 or PP, and the mechanisms of its receptor-induced functions in the human body. Niacin exists as a several molecular compounds that act as the nicotinamide coenzymes precursors. These coenzymes being electron donors or acceptors in redox reactions catalyzed by various enzymes play a crucial role in metabolism. Maintenance of the intracellular niacin pool is vital not only for redox metabolism, but also for the NAD-dependent pathways functioning. At the same time, pathophysiological situations and changes in enzyme activity can affect the necessity for various niacin forms. In addition to indirect effects via nicotinamide coenzymes, it also has a number of direct effects, including anti-lipolytic, vasodilatory, and neuroprotective functions, the exact mechanism of which has not been studied fully up to date. Overall, niacin plays a vital role in maintaining the efficient cell functioning, and further study of its influence on various physiological aspects, including the gut microbiome and epigenetic regulation, could lead to new discoveries and treatments for various diseases.
Investigation of (γ,α) Reactions on Natural Tantalum
Authors: Zheltonovskaya M. V. , Remizov P. D. , Lenivkin M. V. , Yatsenko V. N. , Chernyaev A. P.
Published: April 2024

The study presents the results of the yield analysis of a promising medical radioisotope 177Lu in (γ,α) reactions upon irradiation of natural tantalum with electron bremsstrahlung with boundary energies of 37, 40, and 55 MeV. The experimental yields are compared with the results of calculations based on the collective model of the nucleus. The isomeric ratio of the yield for 177mgLu was determined.
Study of the Process e+e− → − ηγ →7 γ in the Energy Range √
s = 1.07−2 GeV
Authors: Achasov M. N. , Barnyakov A. Yu. , Beloborodov K. I. , Berdyugin A. V. , Bogdanchikov A. G. , Botov A. A. , Denisov V. S. , Dimova T. V. , Druzhinin V. P. , Fomin L. B. , Kharlamov A. G. , Kardapoltsev L. V. , Kyrpotin A. N. , Koop I. A. , Korol A. A. , Kovrizhin D. P. , Kryukov A. P. , Kupich A. S. , Melnikova N. A. , Muchnoi N. Yu. , Obrazovsky A. E. , Pakhtusova E. V. , Perevedentsev E. A. , Pugachev K. V. , Rogovsky Yu. A. , Serednyakov S. I. , Silagadze Z. K. , Surin I. K. , Timoshenko M. V. , Usov Yu. V. , Zhabin V. N. , Zhulanov V. V. , Zemlyansky I. M. , Shatunov Yu. M. , Shtol D. A. , Eminov E. A.
Published: April 2024

The e+e− → ηγ cross section is measured in the center-of-mass energy range from 1.07 to 2.00 GeV in the decay channel η → 3π0, π0 → γγ. The data set with an integrated luminosity of 242 pb−1accumulated in the experiment with the SND detector at the VEPP-2000 e+e− collider is analyzed.
Studying the Composition of Cluster Ions by Matrix- and Surface-Activated Laser Desorption/Ionization in Samples Obtained from Solutions of Sodium Stannate and Tin(II) Chloride
Authors: Sukhorukov D. O. , Pytskii I. S. , Buryak A. K. , Revel’skii A. I. , Revel’skii I. A.
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this work was to study the composition of cluster ions in samples containing sodium stannate and tin(II) chloride. It has been shown that the composition of mass spectra is influenced by such parameters as the laser radiation energy and the substance content in the sample being studied. Conditions for preparing samples and recording mass spectra using these parameters were optimized. Presumptive identification of peaks in the recorded mass spectra was carried out. It has been shown that many of the ion peaks observed in the mass spectra may correspond to clusters containing tin. In the mass spectra of sodium stannate, ions of the general composition SnxOyNazHm were detected, in which the number of tin atoms reaches eight, and the maximum ion mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) is 1100. In the mass spectra of tin(II) chloride, there are ions of the general composition SnxOyHmClp and SnxCly, where the number of tin atoms reaches 4, and the highest m/z value is 1000.
An Effective PtNi/CNTs Catalyst for the Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction in an Alkaline Electrolyte
Authors: Bogdanovskaya V. A. , Vernigor I. E. , Radina M. V. , Sinitsyn P. A. , Andreev V. N. , Nikol’skaya N. F.
Published: April 2024

PtNi catalysts on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) subjected to preliminary treatment are synthesized and studied in the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) in an alkaline electrolyte. A comparison of the structural and morphological and electrochemical characteristics of monoplatinum (Pt/CNTs) and bimetallic (PtNi/CNTs) catalysts in the HOR at equal concentrations of platinum and the same CNTs is conducted. It is found that catalysts synthesized on nanotubes functionalized in an alkali (CNTsNaOH) are significantly superior to PtNi catalysts synthesized on CNTs doped with nitrogen and monoplatinum catalyst in terms of stability and activity in the HOR. A PtNi/CNTsNaOH catalyst with a weight concentration of platinum of 10% manifests the highest activity in the HOR at a Pt : Ni ratio of 1 : 1. The main parameters providing high characteristics of the bimetallic system are the presence of active sites for the fixation of the metal phase on the CNTsNaOH, concentration of platinum on the surface of the catalyst, and ratio of the metals.
Study of the Protein Composition of Dry Blood Spots of Healthy Volunteers in the Experiment with Hypomagnetic Conditions
Authors: Kashirina D. N. , Larina I. M. , Nikolaev E. N. , Tyuzhin M. G. , Popova O. V. , Kukanov V. Yu. , Rusanov V. B. , Kononikhin A. S. , Brzhozovskiy A. G. , Pastushkova L. Kh. , Orlov O. I.
Published: April 2024

Hypomagnetic conditions will be an integral part of the complex of factors affecting cosmonauts in long-term interplanetary missions outside the Earth’s magnetic field. Adaptation of the human body under these conditions will affect the regulatory processes in various physiological systems, the molecular pathways of which, with the participation of proteins, have not yet been studied. In order to fill this gap, dry blood spots collected on a special paper from healthy volunteers were studied by proteomic methods in two sessions of a model experiment: with hypomagnetic conditions and in a “placebo” session. The experiment was carried out by double-blind control, with the participation of the same volunteers in both sessions. 1219 different proteins were semiquantitatively determined in the samples. In the hypomagnetic conditions series, changes in three proteins: tropomyosin alpha-3 chain (TPM3), abhydrolase domain-containing protein 14B (ABHD14B), and acetylcholinesterase-associated protein (CUTA), relative to individual values before the experiment series were detected. However, comparison of the data obtained in the “placebo” session smoothed out the effect of hypomagnetic conditions on the changes in the aforementioned proteins. The results obtained, in our opinion, may either mean the absence of the influence of hypomagnetic conditions with a short exposure and the absence of a cumulative effect, or they are unreliable due to the insufficient number of subjects in the sample.
Spatial Auditory Masking Affects the Interhemispheric Asymmetry of Evoked Responses
Authors: Shestopalova L. B. , Petropavlovskaia E. A. , Salikova D. A. , Semenova V. V.
Published: April 2024

Interhemispheric asymmetry of electrical brain activity was investigated in the conditions of spatial auditory masking. Moving test signals were presented either in silence or against the background of stationary maskers of various spatial positions. The spatial properties of the stimuli were defined by interaural level differences (ILD). Onset-energy responses (ON-responses), motion-onset responses (MOR) and OFF-responses were analyzed. To compute the topograms and to analyze asymmetry, the amplitudes of each component were averaged over the symmetric electrode clusters in the left and right hemispheres. The ON-responses showed a contralateral dominance of the N1 component in silence, and the degree of contralateral bias increased in masking conditions. Interhemispheric asymmetry of the P2 component was absent in silence. However, the P2 amplitude was higher in the right hemisphere in all combinations of masker and signal. The asymmetry of both deflections was maximal when the masker and the initial portion of the signal were separated by 180 degrees. On the contrary, the interhemispheric asymmetry of the motion-onset response was found only in silence: the cN1 deflection was biased to the side contralateral to the signal. The topography of the OFF-response was symmetrical under all experimental conditions.
Oculomotor Referents of Reading Activity in Children with Dyslexia Aged 9–11
Authors: Oganov S. R. , Kornev A. N.
Published: April 2024

The problem of printed text processing impairments in dyslexics is of current interest but not well developed. The integration of the activity approach and eye-tracking methods provides us the opportunity to manage the system structural and functional analysis the reading as an complex activity. The purpose of the present study was to examine the oculomotor behavior as referent of mental actions performed in the process of reading a written text by children with dyslexia. The study of the oculomotor behavior during a text reading in 9–11year children with dyslexia was carried out. An eye movements during the text reading were recorded by means of eye-tracker. All participants were presented two kinds of texts: two expository texts and two narrative texts. The fixation’s number and duration and regressive saccade number and duration was registered; the distribution of regressive saccade with different amplitudes (very short, short, medium and long) were analyzed. Statistical analysis of data revealed the significant between group distinctions in all gaze movements measures. These data proved that children with dyslexia have reading activity disfunction both on the lexical and propositional and semantic levels.
Assessment of the Emotional Sphere of Children with Typical Development and Autism Spectrum Disorders Based on an Interdisciplinary Approach
Authors: Frolova O. V. , Kleshnev E. A. , Grigorev A. S. , Filatova Yu. O. , Lyakso E. E.
Published: April 2024

The aim of the study is to reveal the features of the emotional sphere of children with typical development (TD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) using the developed interdisciplinary methodological approach. The methodology includes two blocks – information about the development of the child (questionnaires for parents) and testing the child, containing tasks aimed at studying the manifestation of the emotional state in the characteristics of voice, speech, facial expressions, behavior and recognition by children of the emotional states of other people by voice and facial expression. The participants of the study were 70 children: 50 with TD and 20 with ASD. An audio and video recording of the speech, facial expressions and behavior of children during testing was made. Normative data were obtained – scores on questionnaires and scales, the results of psychophysiological testing of children. Differences between children with TD and ASD were determined according to the scales of the questionnaires: general information about development, the emotional sphere, additional information about child’s behavior; by scores in the test tasks for recognition and manifestation of emotions by children. The conducted study is the first step in the development of new fundamental approaches to the diagnosis, rehabilitation and education of children with atypical development using methods for automatically recognizing children’s emotional states by vocalizations, speech and facial expression.
Regulation of Gene Expression by the MYC Transcription Factor Network during Exercise
Authors: Astratenkova I. V. , Golberg N. D. , Rogozkin V. A.
Published: April 2024

The results obtained in recent years on numerous functions of the MYC protein convincingly indicate that MYC overexpression induced by physical activity occurs at the transcriptional and epigenetic levels with the participation of low molecular weight metabolites formed during the enhancement of intermediate metabolism. The current hypothesis proposes that MYC network of transcription factors may account substantially for the exercise-induced adaptive changes in muscle and other vital organs through changes in lactate dynamics. This review presents the MYC transcription factor network that is involved in cell cycle regulation, growth, proliferation, and cell metabolism.
Localization of Correlated and Uncorrelated Audio Signals in the Horizontal Plane under Masking Conditions
Authors: Agaeva M. Yu. , Petropavlovskaia E. A.
Published: April 2024

The effect of the masker on the localization of the signal was investigated in the free field conditions. Bandpass noise bursts (5–18 kHz) were used to create a signal and a masker. In the case of correlated stimuli, the same noise burst served both as a masker and a signal. In the case of uncorrelated stimuli, the signal and the masker were created from two different noise bursts. The masker was always on the right at an angle of 15 degrees. The signal was presented in one of three positions on the left: –18, –52, –86 degrees. The signal and the masker of 1 s duration each were presented either simultaneously or with a shift of the signal onset relative to the masker onset. The delay varied from 1 to 1200 ms. Perceived position of signals under masking conditions were compared with a single presentation of the signal. It is shown that under the masking conditions the perceived position of the signal shifted towards the masker, and the perceived position of the masker shifted towards the signal. The shift value decreased with increasing delay between the signal and the masker and with increasing angular distance between them. The mutual influence of the signal and the masker was more pronounced for correlated stimuli than for uncorrelated ones.
Characteristics of the Involvement of Hidden Nodes in the Activity of Human Brain Systems Revealed on fMRI Data
Authors: Medvedev S. V. , Masharipov R. S. , Korotkov A. D. , Kireev M. V.
Published: April 2024

Currently, it is generally accepted that brain functioning is based on the systemic principle. At the same time, knowledge about the principles and mechanisms of the brain system functioning remains scarce. In the present work, these principles were studied within the framework of ideas about the so-called “hidden” nodes of the brain systems. Previously, according to fMRI data, it was shown that some brain structures could be involved in work without changing their energy consumption (reflected by the blood oxygenation level-dependent signal). Their involvement was found only due to a change in the long-range functional connectivity. An analysis of the systemic brain activity using functional connectivity data makes it possible to reveal “hidden” nodes that are inaccessible to detection using the standard “activation” approach. This work aimed to clarify the extent and nature of the involvement of “hidden” nodes in the brain maintenance of various task activities using open fMRI data from the Human Connectome Project. It has been shown that the brain systems ensuring the current activity are provided with a much larger number of nodes than was previously believed, and the overwhelming majority of them are “hidden”. For the first time, this result clearly shows the actual scale of the brain systems providing current activity. The mental activity is actually provided by the work of almost the entire brain and not a minor part of it, as is usually observed in functional tomographic studies. As a result, it is shown that the idea of the existence of “hidden” nodes is confirmed by analyzing the activity of the human brain at the macro-level and shows similarities with the characteristics of the micro-level activity of individual neuronal populations, confirming the previously formulated neurophysiological ideas about the systemic organization of brain activity.
Rest Energy Expenditure and Energy Expenditure During Submaximal Exercise: New Approach to Assessment of Performance in Skiers
Authors: Bushmanova E. A. , Lyudinina A. Yu.
Published: April 2024

The aim of the present study was to analyse rest energy expenditure (REE) and energy expenditure (EE) during submaximal exercise according to performance of athletes. A retrospective analysis of data from 2014 to 2020 among cross-country skiers in the preparatory phase was performed. Depending on the potential performance athletes (n = 136) were divided into two groups: I – test completed to the anaerobic threshold (AnT), II – test completed until exhaustion. The present study included the data only before AnT for a correct comparison of the results. REE was 2058.5 ± 220.5 kcal/day in I group and 2023.1 ± 216.4 kcal/day in II group (p = 0.481). In REE structure, the contribution of fats and carbohydrates (CHOs) was 69 and 31% in I group, 48 (p = 0.021) and 52% (p 0.000) in II group. Correlations between VO2rest and REE, as well as the rate of fats and CHOs oxidation at rest were revealed. In I and II groups the VO2AnT (p 0.000) and relative values of VO2max (p 0.05) were significantly different. EE before AnT was 135.9 ± 31.2 and 134.0 ± 23.4 kcal (p = 0.399) for I and II groups. The present study showed that the balance 1 : 1 of fats and CHOs in the REE structure is a more informative performance marker than quantitative assessment of EE. VO2AnT reduced by 20% relative to VO2max may indicate the functional economization and the body’s ability to perform exercise during long time, including in the anaerobic exercise. Endurance athletes demonstrated economy of CHOs against actively using of fats during submaximal exercise. Complex estimated of performance indicators and EE (including contribution fats and CHOs) should be taken into account when studying the performance of athletes.
Grip Force Control in 21-Day Dry Immersion
Authors: Zelenskaya I. S. , Saveko A. A. , Amirova L. E. , Kitov V. V. , Nosikova I. N. , Zelensky K. A. , Tomilovskaya E. S.
Published: April 2024

During space flight, the changes in the functions of the upper limbs can affect the quality of operator activity. At the same time, there are very few data on this topic, because most of the research is focused on the structure and functions of the lower extremities. The aim was to study the characteristics of the grip force control during the decrease of the support and proprioceptive sensory signals in the conditions of the ground-based model of the effects of space flight – dry immersion (DI). The duration of DI exposure was 21 days. 10 male volunteers performed tests using a hand dynamometer for maximal voluntary contraction, the maintenance of the reference force, the reproduction of this force from memory, and the grip force gradation test. The subjects performed this series of tests before exposure to DI, then on days 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 20 of DI, and days 1 and 3 of the recovery period. The results show that DI exposure led to an increase in proprioceptive sensitivity in the tasks without visual feedback when with open eyes from day 5 of DI the subjects were more mistaken in the reproduction of the reference force using the dominant hand. The sensory processing/modulation disorder under DI factors may cause this phenomenon.
Dynamics of TP, HF-, LF- and VLF- Waves of the Cardiointervalogram (in Clinostasis Conditions) of an Elite Ski Racer in the Preparatory, Competitive and Transitional Periods, Depending on the Volume and Intensity of Training Loads
Authors: Kataev D. A. , Tsirkin V. I. , Zavalin N. S. , Morozova M. A. , Trukhin A. N. , Trukhina S. I.
Published: April 2024

In order to study the mechanisms of adaptation to loads requiring high endurance, the 27-year-old master of Sports of Russia in cross-country skiing repeatedly recorded a cardiointervalogram (CIG) under clinostasis conditions, estimating TP, absolute power (mc2) of LF-, HF- and VLF-waves and the relative (as a percentage of TP) power of these waves, i.e. LF%, HF% and VLF%. They were compared with the volume (Vkm, Vmin) and intensity (Nhr) of training loads. The volume of loads was maximum in the preparatory period (21 km/day) and it is minimal in the transition period (18 km/day), and their intensity throughout the annual cycle was stable (working pulse – 120–121 beats/min). With the change in the volume of loads, the values of the KIG indicators also changed. So, in the preparatory period, the medians of TP, the power of HF-, LF- and VLF-waves, as well as VLF% increase; in this period, with an increase in the volume of loads (Vkm), the values of VLF% increase. In the competitive period, the medians of TP, the power of HF-, LF- and VLF-waves and VLF% remain at a high level. In the transition period, the median of TP, the power HF-, LF- and VLF-waves, as well as LF% and VLF%, but the median of HF% increases. For the annual cycle, a direct dependence of the median of TP on the volume of loads (Vkm) and the median power of VLF waves on the volume (Vkm) and intensity (Nhr) of the load was revealed. It is postulated that the values of TP, HF-, LF-, and VLF-waves, as well as VLF% (in clinostasis) reflect the influence of the Cholinergic system on the heart, while VLF% probably reflects the intensity of synthesis of non-neuronal heart’s acetylcholine, and the values of LF% and HF% reflect the formation of anxiety in connection with upcoming starts.