bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improved STR typing of telogen hair root and hair shaft DNA
Authors: Müller Kathrin , Klein Rachel , Miltner Erich , Wiegand Peter
Published: August 2007

Today the STR typing of telogen hair and hair shafts is regarded as a challenge. The small DNA quantity in the hair is highly degraded. Another problem are PCR inhibitors in the hair. In particular hair pigments, the melanins, are known to inhibit PCR. Hairs are exposed to sunlight and partly to chemical oxidation processes, which make them even more difficult to analyze. To increase the chances of a correct typing of hair, the small amount of DNA must be successfully isolated and the inhibitors have to be removed or neutralized. Furthermore, miniSTR typing improves the analysis of stains with degraded DNA like it is the case with hair. We introduce a nonorganic extraction method and in addition a miniSTR concept which is promising in typing stains with little and degraded DNA, especially hairs. The miniSTR concept including five database STRs (SE33, VWA, TH01, FGA, D3S1358) and the gender typing system Amelogenin was optimized for the amplification of hair DNA. Compared to commercial STR kits, this approach resulted in considerably higher success rates.
Measurement of glycogen synthase activity in crude extracts by CE
Authors: Wilson Christian A. M. , Preller Ana , Valenzuela María A. , Ureta Tito
Published: August 2007

Glycogen synthase catalyzes the incorporation of UDP‐glucose into glycogen. The activity of the enzyme is usually measured either by a spectrophotometric method or by a radioassay. The first one is not suitable because of the difficulties regarding the use of coupled enzymes in crude extracts, while the second is a time‐consuming method involving glycogen isolation and manipulation of radioactivity. We have used a CZE technique as a novel approach to measure glycogen synthase activity. The separations were performed at 22 kV (36 μA) in uncoated capillaries (53 cm×50 μm). Sample injection time was 30 s and nucleotides were monitored at 254 nm. Best resolution was achieved in 20 mM tetraborate buffer, pH 9.2. Curves of absorbance as a function of UDP and UDP‐glucose concentration were linear. Enzyme activity in oocyte extracts was linear with respect to time (up to15 min) and enzyme concentration. The Km app. for UDP‐glucose was 0.87 mM, a value identical to the one reported using the radioassay. CZE enables easy quantitation of compounds, high sensitivity, and automation of the process. Small sample sizes are required, interferences by auxiliary enzymes and manipulation of radioactivity are avoided, and analysis time is significantly diminished.
Is there information in the volatility skew?
Authors: Doran James S. , Peterson David R. , Tarrant Brian C.
Published: August 2007

Since the 1987 crash, option prices have exhibited a strong negative skew, implying higher implied volatility for out‐of‐the‐money puts than at‐ and in‐the‐money puts. This has resulted in incorporating multiple jumps and stochastic volatility within the data generating process to improve the Black–Scholes model in an attempt to capture negative skewness and a highly leptokurtic distribution. The general conclusion is that there is a large jump premium in the short term, which best explains the significant negative skew for short maturity options. Alternative explanations for the negative skew are related to market liquidity driven by demand shocks and supply shortages. Regardless of the explanation for the negative skew, we assess the information content in the shape of the skew to infer if the option market can accurately forecast stock market crashes and/or spikes upward. We demonstrate, using all options on the S&P 100 from 1984–2006, that the shape of the skew can reveal with significant probability when the market will crash or spike. However, we find the magnitude of the spike prediction is not economically significant. Our findings are strongest for the short‐term out‐of‐the money puts, consistent with the notion of investors' aversion to large negative movements. We also find that the power of the crash/spike prediction decreases with an increase in the time to option maturity. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 27:921–959, 2007
The stock closing calland futures price behavior: Evidence from the Taiwan futures market
Authors: Lee Hsiu‐Chuan , Chien Cheng‐Yi , Huang Yen‐Sheng
Published: August 2007

This study examines the behavior of futures prices around stock market close before and after changes to the batching period of the stock closing call. On July 1, 2002, the Taiwan Stock Exchange expanded the length of the batching period roughly 10‐fold, from an average of 30 seconds to 5 minutes. This change presents an opportunity to analyze how a stock closing method affects the behavior of index futures prices. Empirical results indicate that an increase in the length of the batching period affects the return volatility and trading volume of index futures contracts around stock market close. Furthermore, preclose stock returns have a great impact on extended futures returns when the batching period of the stock closing call is long. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 27:1003–1019, 2007
Genetic effect of anatase on osteoblast‐like cells
Authors: Sollazzo Vincenzo , Palmieri Annalisa , Pezzetti Furio , Scarano Antonio , Martinelli Marcella , Scapoli Luca , Massari Leo , Brunelli Giorgio , Caramelli Elisabetta , Carinci Francesco
Published: August 2007

Titanium is the gold standard among materials used for prosthetic devices, because of its good mechanical and chemical properties. When exposed to oxygen, titanium becomes an oxide that is biocompatible and able to induce osseointegration. Three allotropic forms of titanium dioxide exist, that is brookite, rutile, and anatase. Anatase can be prepared as a colloidal suspension and then used to coat surfaces. Anatase coating (AC) can potentially have specific biological effects. Here we are testing the effect of AC on osteoblast‐like cells (MG63) by using microarray techniques to identify genes that are differently regulated in osteoblasts exposed to AC. By using DNA microarrays containing 20,000 genes, we identified in osteoblast‐like cell lines (MG‐63) cultured on AC, several genes whose expression was significantly up‐ or downregulated. They cover a broad range of functional activities: signaling transduction, immunity, cell cycle regulation, lysosomes composition and vesicular transport, cell adhesion, cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix components, proliferation, and apoptosis. The data reported constitute, to our knowledge, the first genetic portrait of AC effects. They can be relevant to a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of bone regeneration and as a model for comparing other materials with similar clinical effects. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2008
Effect of chain modifications on the physicomechanical properties of silsesquioxane‐based dental nanocomposites
Authors: Soh Mui Siang , Yap Adrian U. J. , Sellinger Alan
Published: August 2007

The objective of this study was to evaluate the physicomechanical properties of a series of polyhedral silsesquioxane (SSQ) methacrylate monomers developed for dental applications. The effect of chain modifications on the properties of the SSQ‐based monomers was also evaluated. Physicomechanical properties that are investigated include polymerization shrinkage, degree of conversion, hardness, and modulus. Results obtained were compared with unfilled 1:1 (control) bis‐GMA/TEGDMA materials (typical monomers used in dental composites). All samples investigated were cured using 400–500 nm light at 500 mW/cm2 for 40 s. Shrinkage associated with curing and post‐gel reactions for all synthesized SSQ compounds were found to range from (0.04 ± 0.01)% to (0.33 ± 0.03)% with degree of conversion ranging from (56.68 ± 2.81)% to (84.53 ± 2.62)%. At all time intervals, post‐gel shrinkage associated with control was found to be significantly greater than all SSQ compounds. No significant difference in degree of conversion was observed for control, and all SSQ compounds except for SSQ attached with eight equivalents of short‐chain methacrylate. Mechanical properties associated with SSQ compounds were found to be significantly lower than control. However, through chain modifications, mechanical properties of SSQ compounds can be improved by ∼50%. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2008
The representativeness problem of a station net applied to the verification of a precipitation forecast based on areas
Authors: Ballester Joan , Moré Jordi
Published: August 2007

The results and conclusions obtained in a verification process can be strongly influenced by its methodology, especially when some assumptions are made in order to avoid the limitations of the observational data (i.e., the lack of representativeness of the data or poor area coverage). Several aspects of the verification process must be studied if reliable conclusions are to be obtained.

This paper discusses the problems related to the development of a verification method for a precipitation forecast defined over continuous areas using observational data from discrete points in space (meteorological stations). To tackle this asymmetry, the concept of the station net quality is first introduced.

The verification approach is based on deterministic categorical scores. The effects of the number of stations, the spatial distribution of the station net and the precipitation thresholds used in the verification process are shown. Using different sets of precipitation stations, the scores show a strong sensitivity to the station net quality. The suitability of the scores used in this study is also analysed and the verification process is finally adapted to compensate for undesired effects. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Location‐specific prediction of maximum and minimum temperature over the western Himalayas
Authors: Dimri A. P. , Mohanty U. C.
Published: August 2007

North India is composed, in parts, of the Himalayan mountain ranges having different altitudes and orientations. Wintertime eastward‐moving low‐pressure synoptic weather systems (western disturbances) are modified by these orographic barriers. Therefore, advance and proper information of maximum and minimum temperature becomes important for assessing natural hazard threats. The objective of the present study is to use the Perfect Prognostic Method (PPM) to develop statistical‐dynamical models for location‐specific forecast of maximum and minimum temperatures during the winter season of December to March (DJFM). Reanalysis data from the United States National Center for Environmental Prediction‐National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP–NCAR), upper and surface observations at three stations of the India Meteorological Department, and surface observations at three selected study sites, were used. The models were developed with data of DJFM for 12 years (1984–1996) and tested with data of DJFM for 1 year (1996–1997). For evaluation of the performance of the models with independent data sets, four comparisons were carried out using different sets of predictors: (1) NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data, (2) operational analysis of the National Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF), India, (3) day 1 forecast fields with the T80 spectral model, which is the operational general circulation model at the NCMRWF, and (4) a mesoscale model MM5 day 1 forecast. Evaluation of the performance of these statistical‐dynamical models, developed on the basis of PPM, with independent data sets for maximum and minimum temperature, demonstrates the advantages of using MM5 day 1 forecast fields as predictors. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Investigation of electric fields in B‐implanted Si by positron beam spectroscopy
Authors: Abdulmalik D. A. , Coleman P. G.
Published: August 2007

Besides its conventional applications in defect characterization, variable‐energy positron annihilation spectroscopy can be employed to monitor internal electric fields in the depletion regions in semiconductor structures. In this work, electric fields were studied in pre‐amorphized Cz Si wafers (background dopant level ∼ 1015 cm–3) implanted with 0.5 keV B ions at a dose of 1015 cm–2, and then annealed isothermally at 800oC for times ranging from 1 to 2700 s. Differences in the S parameter with annealing time were observed in samples implanted (a) with B ions only and (b) with B followed by F ions at 10keV; these were attributed to different electric fields, which drift positrons back (a) to the surface, or (b) to a vacancy‐like defected layer. Fitting of the data revealed depletion regions of widths between 150‐350 nm centered at depths between 250‐350 nm, with electric field values in the range ‐9 x 106 to ‐3 x 106 Vm–1. The depth and width of the depletion regions increase significantly for annealing times greater than 100 s, attributed to B diffusion. The results are consistent with simple theoretical estimates, but the uncertainties on the latter are large. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The impact of twinning on the local texture of chalcopyrite‐type thin films
Authors: Abou‐Ras Daniel , Pantleon Karen
Published: August 2007

Twinning in a CuInS2 layer in a completed thin‐film solar cell was analyzed by means of electron backscatter diffraction. This technique revealed the microstructure of the CuInS2 thin films and local orientation relationships between the grains. At various locations within the layer it was possible to retrace how twinning occurred comparing the local orientations with the theoretically possible changes in orientation by twinning. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

magnified image

EBSD map of a CuInS2 cross‐section with Σ3 boundaries highlighted by red lines. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
pFind 2.0: a software package for peptide and protein identification via tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Wang Le‐heng , Li De‐Quan , Fu Yan , Wang Hai‐Peng , Zhang Jing‐Fen , Yuan Zuo‐Fei , Sun Rui‐Xiang , Zeng Rong , He Si‐Min , Gao Wen
Published: August 2007

This paper describes the pFind 2.0 software package for peptide and protein identification via tandem mass spectrometry. Firstly, the most important feature of pFind 2.0 is that it offers a modularized and customized platform for third parties to test and compare their algorithms. The developers can create their own modules following the open application programming interface (API) standards and then add it into workflows in place of the default modules. In addition, to accommodate different requirements, the package provides four automated workflows adopting different algorithm modules, executing processes and result reports. Based on this design, pFind 2.0 provides an automated target‐decoy database search strategy: The user can just specify a certain false positive rate (FPR) and start searching. Then the system will return the protein identification results automatically filtered by such an estimated FPR. Secondly, pFind 2.0 is also of high accuracy and high speed. Many pragmatic preprocessing, peptide‐scoring, validation, and protein inference algorithms have been incorporated. To speed up the searching process, a toolbox for indexing protein databases is developed for high‐throughput applications and all modules are implemented under a new architecture designed for large‐scale parallel and distributed searching. An experiment on a public dataset shows that pFind 2.0 can identify more peptides than SEQUEST and Mascot at the 1% FPR. It is also demonstrated that this version of pFind 2.0 has better usability and higher speed than its previous versions. The software and more detailed supplementary information can both be accessed at http://pfind.ict.ac.cn/. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toxicity of phenanthrene and lindane mixtures to marine invertebrates
Authors: Evans A. D. , Nipper M.
Published: August 2007

Surface waters near industrialized and agricultural areas are contaminated with hundreds of different pollutants from a variety of sources. Methods for measurement of sediment, surface water, and porewater toxicity in marine environments include the sea urchin (Arbacia punctulata) fertilization and embryological development tests and copepod (Schizopera knabeni) survival and hatching success assessment. The concentration addition model was applied to determine whether toxicity of two compounds, phenanthrene (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) and lindane (organochlorine pesticide), when combined can be accurately assessed because of similar modes of action. Mixture analysis determined the sea urchin fertilization test to exhibit additivity (TUmix = 1.13), while the copepod test exhibited a synergistic effect (TUmix = 0.22). Mixture toxicity data for the sea urchin embryological test were not conclusive because of the lack of toxicity of the individual chemicals. The synergistic effect to copepods is a concern as it indicates that greater toxic effects may occur when the compounds are present in mixtures. Results from this research suggest that increased toxicity to some categories of organisms should be expected near agricultural and industrial areas where pesticides and other types of compounds may occur simultaneously. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 22: 495–501, 2007.
Effect of temperature on heavy metal toxicity to earthworm Lumbricus terrestris (Annelida: Oligochaeta)
Authors: Khan M. A. Q. , Ahmed S. A. , Salazar A. , Gurumendi J. , Khan A. , Vargas M. , von Catalin B.
Published: August 2007

Earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris) acclimated at 2°C above their habitat temperature (10–12°C) showed about 5% increase in basal rate of oxygen consumption, which increased to about 38% in 14–16°C‐ and 40% in 16–18°C‐, but decreased by 84% in 20–22°C‐acclimated worms. Temperature also increased the blood hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, which decreased slightly in 20–22°C‐acclimated worms. The worms acclimated at 20–22°C showed their blood to be hypovolemic than that of 10–12°C worms indicating dehydration. Pre‐exposure of 10–14°C‐acclimated worms to sublethal concentrations of zinc, copper, and lead did not significantly affect the rate of respiration. However, at higher temperatures all these metals inhibited oxygen consumption; zinc, lead, and cadmium by ∼11% and copper by ∼18% of that at 14–16°C. At 20–22°C, the respiration was further inhibited, 36% by copper, 18% by cadmium, and ∼10% by lead and zinc. Copper, lead, and zinc decreased the temperature‐enhanced increase in blood Hb concentration at all temperatures. In 20–22°C‐acclimated worms heavy metal exposure slightly lowered the oxygen affinity of Hb as well as caused shifts in carbon monoxide difference spectra. The acute toxicity of these metals was not affected by a 2°C rise in acclimation temperature but increased by 17% (lead), 33% (copper), and 5% (zinc) in 14–16°C‐ and by 40% (lead), 149% (copper), and 132% (zinc) in 20–22°C‐acclimated worms. The increase in toxicity of metals caused by high temperatures may be due to limiting the scope of aerobic metabolism (oxygen extraction, transport, and utilization) via quantitative and qualitative effects on Hb. This terrestrial species appears to be tolerant of slight increases in habitat temperature, such as that expected with current global climate change. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 22: 487–494, 2007.
Cardiofaciocutaneous (CFC) syndrome associated with muscular coenzyme Q10 deficiency
Authors: Aeby A. , Sznajer Y. , Cavé H. , Rebuffat E. , Van Coster R. , Rigal O. , Van Bogaert P.
Published: August 2007

The cardiofaciocutaneous (CFC) syndrome is characterized by congenital heart defect, developmental delay, peculiar facial appearance with bitemporal constriction, prominent forehead, downslanting palpebral fissures, curly sparse hair and abnormalities of the skin. CFC syndrome phenotypically overlaps with Noonan and Costello syndromes. Mutations of several genes (PTPN11, HRAS, KRAS, BRAF, MEK1 and MEK2), involved in the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, have been identified in CFC–Costello–Noonan patients. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), a lipophilic molecule present in all cell membranes, functions as an electron carrier in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, where it transports electrons from complexes I and II to complex III. CoQ10 deficiency is a rare treatable mitochondrial disorder with various neurological (cerebellar ataxia, myopathy, epilepsy, mental retardation) and extraneurological (cardiomyopathy, nephropathy) signs that are responsive to CoQ10 supplementation. We report the case of a 4‐year‐old girl who presented a CFC syndrome, confirmed by the presence of a pathogenic R257Q BRAF gene mutation, together with a muscular CoQ10 deficiency. Her psychomotor development was severely impaired, hindered by muscular hypotonia and ataxia, both improving remarkably after CoQ10 treatment. This case suggests that there is a functional connection between the MAPK pathway and the mitochondria. This could be through the phosphorylation of a nuclear receptor essential for CoQ10 biosynthesis. Another hypothesis is that K‐Ras, one of the proteins composing the MAPK pathway, might be recruited into the mitochondria to promote apoptosis. This case highlights that CoQ10 might contribute to the pathogenesis of CFC syndrome.
The Influence of Cancer‐related Distress and Sense of Coherence on Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Hereditary Cancer
Authors: Siglen Elen , Bjorvatn Cathrine , Engebretsen Lars Fredrik , Berglund Gunilla , Natvig Gerd Karin
Published: August 2007

This study examines the association between Sense of Coherence and anxiety and depression amongst patients at risk of hereditary cancer receiving genetic counseling. When writing this article, 144 patients referred for genetic counseling due to a suspicion of hereditary cancer in the family were recruited for this multicentered longitudinal study on the psychosocial aspects of genetic counseling in Norway. A total of 96 (66%) patients responded to the follow‐up survey distributed 6 months after genetic counseling. This survey included the Sense of Coherence‐29 Scale, Impact of Event Scale, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Multiple regression analyses were applied. Our results show association between cancer‐related distress and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Sense of Coherence is significantly associated with both anxiety and depression. The hypothesis of Sense of Coherence buffering cancer‐related distress and the possible impact of these findings for genetic counseling are discussed.
Assessment of Psychosocial Outcomes in Genetic Counseling Research: An Overview of Available Measurement Scales
Authors: Kasparian Nadine A. , Wakefield Claire E. , Meiser Bettina
Published: August 2007

The aim of the present paper was to describe and evaluate many of the measurement scales currently used in genetic counseling outcomes research. A team of three researchers reviewed the available literature and selected a variety of validated instruments suitable for measurement of genetic counseling outcomes. There are numerous scales to assess each of the following outcomes among counselees: satisfaction with genetic counseling; knowledge; decision‐making; psychological adjustment; coping; perceived personal control; perceptions of disease risk; and family communication about genetic risk. However, the strengths and limitations inherent to each instrument warrant careful consideration prior to implementation. In the genetic counseling context, scale selection should be undertaken with thought directed towards the characteristics of the research sample (e.g. levels of literacy, culture, medical condition), the practicalities of the research setting (e.g. available funding and resources, time restrictions, researcher expertise), the purpose of the research (i.e. the specific aspect of the genetic counseling experience to be studied), and the science underlying the scale (e.g. theoretical framework, psychometric properties).
Psychosocial Issues in Families Affected by Maple Syrup Urine Disease
Authors: Packman Wendy , Henderson Shelly L. , Mehta Indira , Ronen Rama , Danner Dean , Chesterman Beth , Packman Seymour
Published: August 2007

The primary aim of this study was to ascertain the psychosocial issues faced by families affected by maple syrup urine disease (MSUD). The psychosocial adjustment and quality of life of children with MSUD were also described. Participants included 55 families and their children (ages 5 to 18 years) and teachers. Measures included a MSUD Family Survey, the Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC) and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). Parents reported via the MSUD Family Survey that the greatest sources of stress were financial and emotional. Many parents reported difficulty interacting with the medical staff and with schools. On the BASC, half of the children fell within the average range in psychosocial adjustment, although there were elevations in scales measuring attention, hyperactivity, and learning problems. On the PedsQL, the mean quality of life scores were closer to children with cancer than to a healthy sample. Despite the emotional and financial burden, parents reported that MSUD has also had a positive influence on their lives, leading to a world‐view that is more compassionate and caring.
What I Wish I Knew Then…Reflections from Personal Experiences in Counseling about Down Syndrome
Authors: Brasington Campbell K.
Published: August 2007

Sharing the news about a newborn baby's diagnosis of Down syndrome with families is a scenario genetic counselors frequently face. Yet often we may feel uncomfortable or unsure how to best support families in this setting in a way that will foster competence and resilience. This commentary is a reflection of one genetic counselor's experiences in counseling about Down syndrome over the course of her career and how her thinking has transitioned from a medical based model of disability to a more individual and family‐focused model. Ideas and suggestions are offered that genetic counselors can incorporate into their practice.
Tick toxicity in cats caused by Ixodes species in Australia: a review of published literature
Authors: Schull Daniel N. , Litster Annette L. , Atwell Richard B.
Published: August 2007

Tick toxicity in cats caused by Ixodes holocyclus and related species is a common medical condition on the east coast of Australia. Intoxication typically causes a flaccid ascending neuromuscular paralysis and clinical signs can include anxiety, dysphonia, hind limb weakness and/or ataxia, pupillary dilation, respiratory signs and possible bladder voiding dysfunction. Diagnosis is made with a combination of appropriate clinical signs and visualisation of tick(s) on a thorough body search. Cases are classified clinically using a scoring system, which grades neuromuscular weakness and respiratory compromise. The mainstays of treatment are tick removal, administration of tick antitoxin serum and intensive supportive care. Given a prompt and appropriate management regimen, prognosis is good, according to available literature. Most of the literature concerning tick toxicity in cats is anecdotal in nature and an evidence-based review of what is known of this condition has not previously been published.
Getting Started in the Business of Medicine
Authors: Morrical J. Thomas , Slisz Mary
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To analyze practice opportunities and understand what is necessary to start a practice and to know when and where to seek assistance.
Single Stage Management of Cholesteatoma
Authors: Kamerer Donald B. , Hirsch Barry E.
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To understand the alternatives for operative management of chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma and to know the indications and advantages of canal wall‐down procedures along with methods of reconstruction of the posterior canal wall.
Optimizing Functional Results in Supracricoid Laryngectomy
Authors: Weinstein Gregory S. , Laccourreye Ollivier , Brasnu Daniel
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To understand the surgical technique of supracricoid laryngectomy, its indications, contraindications, and the keys to optimizing functional outcome.
Managing and Surviving “Managed Care”
Authors: Zupko Karen , Stuart James G.
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To identify the types of managed care plans available, to establish improved methods of handling managed care contracts, and to understand reimbursement options used by managed care plans.
Concepts in Laryngotracheal Reconstruction
Authors: Eliachar Isaac , Tucker Harvey M.
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To review surgical techniques applied for laryngotracheal reconstruction, focusing on application of myocutaneous flaps and incorporating management of the tracheostomy in LTR, and judicious use and application of newly designed laryngeal and tracheostomal stents.
Food Allergy—Practical Solutions for a Common Problem
Authors: McDaniel Alan B. , Boyd Edwyn I.
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To recognize characteristic clinical presentations of patients with food allergy, to understand concepts of fixed and “cyclic” allergy, and to treat specific food allergies using in‐vivo and in‐vitro tests, dietary manipulation, and antigen‐specific therapy.
Down Syndrome and the Otolaryngologist
Authors: Kraus Eric M.
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To acquire an in‐depth knowledge of the otolaryngologic problems associated with Down syndrome and practical, clinical recommendations regarding management of these problems and to understand effective, safe outpatient sedation techniques to aid in the head and neck examination of persons with Down syndrome.
Reconstruction of the Pinna
Authors: Calhoun Karen H. , Rassekh Christopher H.
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To evaluate defects of the pinna and decide on the optimal reconstructive technique for each defect and to know the technical pearls and pitfalls of each reconstructive technique.
Frontal Sinus Disease: Treatment Options—Frontal Drillout
Authors: Gross Charles W. , Becker Daniel G. , Gross William E.
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To have an understanding of the full spectrum of medical and surgical modalities available in the treatment of severe persisting frontal sinusitis and to understand the anatomic principles and practical aspects of the modified transnasal endoscopic Lothrop procedure using drills or “frontal drillout. “
Reconstruction of Traumatic and Surgical Defects of the Ear
Authors: Lawson William , Reino Anthony J.
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To obtain greater knowledge of the classification of auricular deformities by the subunit principle, and to understand patient selection, evaluation, indications, and surgical techniques for repair of the external ear after trauma or ablative surgery.
Hearing Aids: New (and Improved) Answers For Your Patients
Authors: Sweetow Robert W. , Goode Richard L.
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To answer patient questions about amplification with updated, accurate information and to understand new concepts in selection and fitting of technologically advanced hearing aids.
Complications of Adenotonsillectomy in Children
Authors: Myer Charles N. , Gray Steven
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To diagnose and treat complications arising from adenotonsillectomy and develop strategies that will minimize the development of complications after adenotonsillectomy.
Paratracheal and Mediastinal Node Dissection, When, Why, How
Authors: Costantino Peter D. , Petruzzelli Guy J.
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To appropriately select patients who would benefit from either a paratracheal or mediastinal lymph node dissection and to understand the surgical technique and methods of complication avoidance for each of these procedures.
Management of Incus Problems
Authors: Applebaum Edward L.
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To recognize the various incus defects and to recall effective surgical management techniques to repair incus defects.
Immunotherapy and Surgery in the Allergic Patient
Authors: Krause Helen Fox
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To understand the goals of immunotherapy and when it is indicated and to recognize the relationship and potential complications of allergy in the surgical patient.
Partnership Dynamics
Authors: Gill Alan J. , Levinson Stephen R. , Levine Steven B. , Coffey Tom K.
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To understand and evaluate the methods and alternatives available to make appropriate and practical business decisions in a group practice.
Microsurgery of the Larynx—1995
Authors: Ossoff Robert H. , Shapshay Stanley M.
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To better appreciate the new instrumentation for this type of surgery and to better understand the newer laser and nonlaser techniques and their indications for microlaryngeal surgery.
Ballistic Injuries to the Face
Authors: Hom David B. , Stambaugh Kweon I. , Calhoun Karen H. , Toffel Paul H. , Holt G. Richard
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To understand the management of the different ballistic injuries to the face and to comprehend the mechanisms of wounding by the different firearms (shotgun, rifle, and handgun).
Establishing an Ambulatory Surgery Center for ENT Practice
Authors: Taylor Charles R.
Published: August 2007

Educational objective: To establish an ambulatory surgery center for an ENT practice.
The Parotid Gland: Diagnosis, Medical and Surgical Approaches
Authors: Eisele David W. , Rice Dale H. , Coulthard Stanley W.
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To explain and evaluate parotid gland disorders and to properly manage parotid gland disorders.
Controversies in Management of Thyroid Nodule
Authors: Shaha Ashok R.
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To become familiar with the diagnostic workup of a patient presenting with solitary thyroid nodule and to discuss the current controversies related to the treatment, including total versus less than total thyroidectomy and role of postoperative radioactive iodine.
Practice Check‐Up: An H and P on Your Business Systems
Authors: Zupko Karen
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To determine a variety of practice management problems and deficiencies and to explore solutions to improve the practice.
Endoscopic Orbital Decompression
Authors: Metson Ralph
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To understand the techniques of endoscopic orbital decompression and to decide which patients are appropriate candidates for this procedure.
Computer Databases: Uses In Clinical and Academic Practice
Authors: Smouha Eric E. , Rizer Franklin M.
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To understand the fundamental concepts of organizing data on a computer and to develop clinical applications de novo on a commercially available database program.
Stenosis of Tracheostomy After Total Laryngectomy
Authors: Talaat Mohammad
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To tailor an adequate tracheostome after total laryngectomy, to guard against stomal stenosis, and to manage an already existing stenosis of the tracheostome.
The Carotid Artery
Authors: Pearson Bruce W. , Wharen Robert H.
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To better understand the preoperative and intraoperative risk to the internal carotid artery in neck and skull base surgery and to work more closely and knowledgeably with their neurovascular surgical colleagues in combined cases.
Immune Inner Ear Disease
Authors: Hughes Gordon B. , Moscicki Richard
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To diagnose and treat immune inner ear disease.
Update on Secure Endoscopic Sinus Surgery with Rhinoplasty
Authors: Toffel Paul H.
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To analyze nasal and sinus pathology accurately and to have a secure and successful modality for treatment of significant refractory and sinus disease.
Modified Radical Mastoidectomy: Problems and Pitfalls
Authors: Kveton John F. , Pensak Myles
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To recognize the common causes of failure of canal wall down mastoidectomy and to develop a systematic approach for successful modified radical mastoidectomy.
Reanimation of the Paretic Eyelid Using Gold Weights
Authors: Daspit C. Phillip , Gilbard Steven M.
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To understand the surgical indications and technique for performing the reanimation procedure.
Laser Assisted Minimally Invasive Techniques in FESS
Authors: Bhatt Nikhil J. , Cornay William
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To pinpoint the disease process and improve surgical skills and to improve techniques in the use of power tools (Microdebrider, hummer, etc.) and fiberoptic laser.
Synthetic Biomaterials in Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Authors: Costantino Peter D. , Friedman Craig D.
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To understand the general principles of biocompatability along with the effect that a synthetic implant has on would healing and to appropriately match an implant to its proposed site of implantation and be familiar with those implants currently approved for use in the United States.
Comprehensive Pretreatment Planning for Head and Neck Cancer Patients
Authors: Maisel Robert H. , Gapany Markus , Remley Kent , Goswitz Joe
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To plan CT versus MRI, to evaluate, and to plan treatment for complicated cancer cases.
Allergy and Immunodeficiency in Children: When to Call for Help
Authors: Kluka Evelyn A. , Sorensen Ricardo
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To identify patients in the pediatric population who have either allergies or immunodeficiencies as etiology of frequent respiratory infections and to effectively treat these patients by obtaining the proper workup and collaborating with the allergist‐immunologist.
Advanced Computer Graphics and Multimedia Presentations
Authors: Bates Evan S. , Houck John , Clark Keith F. , Rodman Susan
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To create computer presentations that incorporate sound and photographic and video images and to have an understanding of multimedia capabilities.
Minimally Invasive Posterior Fossa Surgery
Authors: Magnan Jacques , O'donoghue Gerald
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To understand the rationale behind minimally invasive posterior fossa surgery, and to describe techniques, among them neuroendoscopy, that enable minimally invasive surgery to be undertaken, emphasizing patient safety.
The Syndromic Child: An Otolaryngologist's Perspective
Authors: Doutsky Jay N. , Stool Sylvan E.
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To understand the approach to the child with multiple congenital head and neck anomalies and to identify the more common syndromes that an otolaryngologist is likely to encounter.
Closed Structure Universal Tiplasty
Authors: Tobias Geoffrey W. , Binder William
Published: August 2007

Educational objective: To understand a new approach to rhinoplasty.
Reconstruction of Large Facial Defects after Mohs Surgery
Authors: Katz Arnold E. , Grande Donald J.
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To be familiar with indications for Mohs surgery and to have several options available for facial reconstruction after Mohs surgery.
Advances in Cochlear Implant Technology and Surgery
Authors: Balkany Thomas , Gantz Bruce , Cohen Noel L.
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To apply knowledge of newest cochlear implant technologies and their outcomes for the benefit of patients and to use evolving surgical techniques in difficult cases such as bony obstruction, Mondini, and surgical cavities.
Intraoperative Consultation by Video: Middle Ear Cases
Authors: Holt James J. , Hough Jack V.D. , Brackmann Derald E. , Pulec Jack L.
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To feel more secure in dealing with difficult intraoperative problems encountered in middle ear surgery and to draw on the experience of senior otologists when approaching difficult middle ear surgical problems.
Management of Progressive Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Children
Authors: Kenna Margaret A. , Sculerati Nancy
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To cite the differential diagnosis of progressive sensorineural hearing loss in children and to provide a reasonable algorithm of both medical and surgical treatment modalities for this condition.
Endoscopic Diagnosis and Treatment of Lacrimal Obstruction
Authors: Metson Ralph
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To better diagnose and treat patients with lacrimal obstruction and to understand the techniques of endoscopic DCR.
Evaluation and Management of Cerebrospinal Fluid Fistulae
Authors: Weissler Mark C. , Pillsbury Harold C.
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To properly evaluate clinically and radiologically the patient with suspected CSF fistulas and to have a working knowledge of techniques for closing CSF fistulas at various sites.
Small Fenestra Laser Stapedotomy
Authors: Kartush Jack M. , Lundy Larry B.
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To understand the indications and techniques of laser stapedotomy and to discuss the pros and cons of different laser modalities.
Effective Patient‐Physician Communication
Authors: Bone Robert C.
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To identify unique personal communication frustration and problems and to practice and utilize specific techniques to correct those frustrations.
Glomus Tumors and Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Brackmann Derald E. , De La Cruz Antonio
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To order the proper evaluation for patients presenting with vascular masses in the middle ear and to know the proper management for glomus tumors of the temporal bone.
Objective Evaluation of Rhinologic Complaints
Authors: Anand Vijay K. , Edelstein David , Kennedy David W. , Kern Eugene
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To learn the state of the art in evaluation of patients with rhinologic symptoms and the usefulness and cost‐effectiveness of patient management.
Surgical Management of the External Auditory Canal
Authors: Parisier Simon C.
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To understand the applied anatomy of the ear canal and to develop an operative technique useful for the surgical management of the ear canal in a variety of conditions.
Respiratory Papillomatosis: Update 1995
Authors: Rimell Frank L. , Shapiro Andrew M.
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To educate participants on current therapies and strategies in the management and treatment of respiratory papillomatosis and on research currently being done to understand and treat respiratory papillomatosis.
Microlaryngeal Surgery in the Professional Voice Patient
Authors: Ossoff Robert H. , Courey Mark S.
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To understand the special considerations regarding the history and physical examination of professional voice patients who require laryngeal surgery and the mucosal microflap technique of micro‐laryngeal surgery.
Creating the Single Specialty Otolaryngology Network
Authors: Weiss Michael D. , Papel Ira , Golden Lindsay
Published: August 2007

Educational objective: To gain insight into forming their own regional single‐specialty networks for negotiating with third‐party payors.
Rhinopathic Headache: Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Clerico Dean M. , Lanza Donald C.
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To understand the pathophysiology ofrhinopathic headache, including mechanisms of referred pain, and to differentiate rhinopathic from nonrhinopathic headaches and treat patients with the disorder (both medically and surgically).
Pediatric Airway‐Assessment and Management of Stridor
Authors: Pransky Seth , Kearns Donald B.
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To be able to comfortably recognize and treat a multiplicity of pediatric airway problems, to be familiar and comfortable with all modes of endoscopic evaluation of the pediatric airway, and to understand the variety of surgical techniques available for the treatment of pediatric airway problems.
Clinical Management of the Acute Facial Palsies
Authors: Coker N.J.
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To define the natural history, pathogenesis, and management of the acute facial palsies: Bell's palsy, herpes zoster oticus (Ramsay Hunt syndrome), and facial paralysis secondary to infections of the middle ear and to outline the classification, pathogenesis, and medical‐surgical interventions for trauma of the facial nerve, including temporal bone fractures, penetrating injuries, and iatrogenic causes.
Essentials of Insurance and Reimbursement
Authors: Dorf Debra
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To improve understanding of third‐party payments and avoid common CPT and ICD‐9‐CM coding errors made by otolaryngologists.
Laser‐Assisted Uvula‐Palatoplasty for Snoring
Authors: Krespi Yosef P. , Pearlman Steven J.
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To explain the pathophysiology of snoring and sleep apnea and to select candidates for LAJJP, understand the indications for preoperative polysomnography, learn the technique of LAUP, and explain office laser safety guidelines.
Management of Congenital Cysts and Sinuses in the Head and Neck
Authors: Myers Eugene N.
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To understand the flaws in developmental anatomy of the head and neck that lead to these congenital cysts and sinuses and to understand the management unique to congenital cysts and sinuses in various parts of the head and neck.
Management of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Byl Frederick
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To better understand the etiology and natural history of sudden sensorineural hearing loss and to develop a practical, cost‐effective management plan consistent with sound medical judgment.
Pharyngoesophageal Reconstruction
Authors: Hayden Richard E. , Stepnick David W.
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To assess the relative merits of each current reconstructive technique and to offer the optimal reconstructive option for each patient.
Nicotine Addiction and Cure: A Head and Neck Perspective
Authors: Cannon C. Ron , Meador Brent , Milhorn Tom
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To provide detailed knowledge of the history of tobacco as well as its effects on the head and neck and other organ systems and to formulate a treatment plan for the nicotine‐addicted patient.
Evaluation and Treatment of Laryngeal Trauma
Authors: Austin John R. , Stanley Robert B.
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To diagnose laryngeal trauma, to understand the pathophysiology of laryngeal trauma on voice production, and to treat laryngeal trauma effectively.
Evaluation of Vertigo in the Pediatric Patient
Authors: Murphy Terrence P.
Published: August 2007

Educational objective: To evaluate a pediatric patient with vertigo in a systematic fashion.
CO2 Laser Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy
Authors: Akin Daniel P.
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To teach the basic steps of the CO2 laser tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T&A), to know its advantages and disadvantages, and to be able to order all the equipment needed to perform a CO 2 laser tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy.
Melanoma: Current Controversies
Authors: Janecka Ivo P.
Published: August 2007

Educational objective: To have working knowledge of what is currently considered the best therapeutic approach to melanomas.
Anastomotic Methods of Facial Nerve Repair‐How to Do It
Authors: Bento Ricardo F.
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To know about nerve degeneration and regeneration and how to choose the best technique for facial nerve anastomosis.
Anatomy of the Temporal Bone with Surgical Implications
Authors: Gulya A. Julianna
Published: August 2007

Educational objectives: To conceptualize the temporal bone three dimensionally, approach temporal bone surgery rationally, and have a better appreciation of the courses and exhibits relating to the temporal bone.