bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘The happiest vehicles of antiquarian knowledge’: The Visual Arts and Romantic Antiquarianism
Authors: Boehm Katharina
Published: May 2024

The public profile of antiquarian research expanded significantly during the Romantic period. Richly illustrated and relatively cheap antiquarian publications became a cornerstone of the literary marketplace; prints of picturesque ruins and antiquities sold rapidly; and London’s thriving scene of visual entertainments drew crowds by offering immersive simulated historical environments. This chapter explores three contexts in which the role of visual media as generator, conduit and repository of antiquarian knowledge was negotiated in the Romantic period. The first part of the chapter turns to an influential print series published by the fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London, which informed debates about the visual representation of antiquities. Their publication ventures participated in the burgeoning print market, and the absorption of antiquarian information into a range of popularising visual media began to democratise access to antiquarian knowledge while also turning the past into a marketable commodity. The final part of the chapter reflects on art and design as objects of antiquarian inquiry. Antiquarian research widened the historical and geographical horizons that framed understandings of the origins and development of art, while the convergence of the visual arts and antiquarian studies changed how people knew the past.
The Gothic Aesthetic: Word and Image
Authors: Garner Katie
Published: May 2024

This chapter examines the close interaction of visual and textual forms in the formation of a Gothic aesthetic at the end of the eighteenth century. It begins by drawing attention to Edmund Burke’s clear dismissal of painting as positive source of sublime terror, an attitude which it is difficult to square with the cross-medial exchanges that are staged in Gothic literary works, the use of architecture and visual representations in works underpinning the Gothic revival, and visual depictions of scenes from Gothic works in both high art and popular culture. Examples are taken from literary works by Richard Hurd, Thomas Warton, Thomas Percy, William Blake, Horace Walpole, Ann Radcliffe, and James Hogg, and from artworks by David Teniers, Joshua Reynolds, James Gillray, Joseph Wright, and William Blake. The visual arts, whether in the form of paintings, illustrations, physical ruins, or tattered documents, were a vital part of how the Gothic established itself as a cultural movement.
Collecting and the Country House, 1750–1840
Authors: Coutu Joan
Published: May 2024

This chapter considers the relationship between a canon of ideal beauty, exemplified by the Apollo Belvedere and the Venus de’ Medici, and the acquisition of original antique statuary, circa 1750 to 1840. The focus is on the social implications of collections in country houses, for the owners as well as for the nation. The perception of temporal distance with the antique past, characterised by the increasing museumisation of the collections within the houses, and the contemporaneous emergence of aesthetic discourse are central to the discussion. Key collections include Wentworth Woodhouse, Newby Hall, Kedleston Hall, Ince Blundell, Charles Townley’s and Richard Worsley’s collections, the Elgin Marbles, and Chatsworth, Woburn Abbey, and Petworth.
Building(s) for Art: The Evolution of Public Art Galleries in England, 1780–1840
Authors: Avery-Quash Susanna
Published: May 2024

This chapter traces the development in Britain during the Romantic period of places where continental Old Master art was viewable. Until the early nineteenth century, there were no public art galleries in the UK, and the government and monarchy only rarely intervened to support the arts. Consequently, it was in the private sphere that the collecting of historical art was nurtured, first off within elite country houses. Displaying and sharing Old Masters was not the sole preserve of aristocrats, however. Artists often acquired examples for inspiration and to impress potential patrons. The gentry and professional classes increasingly opened their collections to select visitors and the first public art galleries were likewise established by private benefactors. The government eventually responded to increasing pressure to act; Lord Liverpool’s government bought 38 paintings from John Julius Angerstein’s heirs as the nucleus of the National Gallery. The chapter will analyse the type of art visible in these publicly-accessible spaces, revealing how the pool of ‘acceptable’ artists broadened over time. At first a narrowly focussed artistic canon held sway. Things changed with the birth of public museums, where curators, influenced by continental precedents, adopted a more universalist vision and started a gap filling exercise.
Taken By Storm: Multisensory Learning in the Lecture Room
Authors: Zimmerman Sarah
Published: May 2024

The Romantic-era public lecture room served as both a showcase for an expansive visual culture and an arena for debating the nature of its impact. Famous theatres at the Royal and Surrey Institutions attracted the attention of artists including James Gillray, Thomas Rowlandson, and Auguste Charles Pugin, whose prints reveal how this vibrant visual culture encompassed the buildings and rooms in which lectures were held and the auditors who crowded into them. Lecture rooms were designed, ornamented, and lighted in order to communicate institutional identities and to provide the best possible views for dazzling and instructive experiments, specimens, and illustrations. In that space, visual culture was enhanced with sound and sometimes even smell, touch, and taste to create an immersive audiovisual environment that might absorb auditors in lecturers’ lessons. Romantic-era lecturers are an excellent source for understanding their medium historically because they often argued lecturing’s advantages for public education in relationship to print. Despite overtly championing the visionary over the visual, Samuel Taylor Coleridge developed a theory in lecturing on King Lear on how the audiovisual culture of the dramatic stage might ideally affect audiences: taking them by storm.
What Does Landnám Look Like? Excavations at Swandro and Old Scatness
Authors: Dockrill Stephen J. , Bond Julie M.
Published: May 2024

The archaeological evidence at Old Scatness, Shetland, identifies a ‘transitional phase’ with changes in the cultural and economic assemblages suggesting that the Pictish village was occupied by incomers of Scandinavian origin, who gradually adopted and reorganised the settlement. This phase may have been more complex than originally thought, with the reuse and modification of existing buildings maintained for some time. By the end of the 10th century the settlement was clearly Scandinavian in character. Excavations at the Knowe of Swandro on Rousay in Orkney, show that this Iron-Age settlement was also long-lived, from at least the Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age to the Late Norse period, with similar evidence for reorganisation in the Viking Age, prior to the Late Norse period.
Machair Bharabhais, Leòdhas: A Scandinavian Settlement in its Context
Authors: Rivett Mary Macleod , Cowie Trevor
Published: May 2024

This chapter outlines the results of the excavation of settlement remains founded towards the end of the Viking Age, in the late 10th century at the earliest, on previously cultivated ground on the machair at Barabhas (Barvas) in Lewis. The settlement comprised at least two rectilinear buildings, and evidence from associated midden deposits suggests they served a mixed farm cultivating barley and oats and raising cattle and sheep, with wild resources, particularly fish, also forming a significant part of the diet. The buildings were abandoned by the end of the 13th century at a time of great political turmoil, climatic deterioration, and epidemics, including the Black Death. The Hebrides shifted from the crown of Norway to the Crown of Scotland at this time, and these excavations, together with those at Cille Pheadair (Kilphedir) in South Uist, hint at there being a significant medieval landscape reorganisation at this time.
The Viking-Age Silver and Gold of Scotland
Authors: Graham-Campbell James
Published: May 2024

This chapter updates the author’s work on the Viking-Age silver and gold of Scotland undertaken since the publication of Vikings in Scotland. Renewed work has refined entries and added material, giving a revised corpus of 36 hoards that are currently identified from Scandinavian Scotland. An addenda and corrigenda of hoards is included, as well as a distribution map, of this material that is so crucially important to the study of the use of silver in Scandinavian Scotland and the Viking-Age economy.
Viking and Norse Bullion Economies in Scandinavian Scotland
Authors: Horne Tom
Published: May 2024

This chapter evaluates recent finds from Scandinavian Scotland, and how they have changed perceptions of the origins and longevity of bullion economies in the Viking Age and beyond. It is suggested that evidence from south-west Scotland links the beginnings of bullion use with the Great Army and Irish Sea region and England by at least 900 AD. Also that trader-farmers travelling between rural areas in Scotland and Hiberno-Scandinavian market regions demonstrate that bullion economies did not only develop in an urban context. Recent finds also attest to the continuation of bullion economies into the Late Norse period in the Northern and Western Isles.
Swordle Bay, Ardnamurchan: A Viking Boat Burial
Authors: Batey Colleen E.
Published: May 2024

This chapter is a summary of the discovery of an outstanding boat burial found at Swordle Bay on the Ardnamurchan peninsula in Argyll in 2011, overlooking the waters off the western coast of Scotland on the Irish Sea to North Sea maritime route. The significance of the burial lies in the rich range of grave goods accompanying it, including a deliberately damaged shield and spearhead found in the mound material, the shield boss being of a form dating to the 9th to 10th century and commonly found in Scottish Viking graves. Positioned around the body were found a wide range of artefacts, including a ladle with hammer and tongs in the scale pan, a drinking horn mount, a sickle, a sword and an axe. The placement of the burial makes it similar to other nearby burials in the Western Isles.
The Gothic Forms of Victorian Poetry
Authors: Loksing Moy Olivia
Published: May 2024

A lonely damsel imprisoned within a castle or convent cell. The eavesdropping of a prisoner next door. The framed image of a woman with a sinister past. These familiar tropes from 1790s novels and tales exploded onto the English literary scene in ‘low-brow’ titles of Gothic romance. Surprisingly, however, they also re-emerged as features of major Victorian poems from the 1830s to 1870s. Such signature tropes — inquisitional overhearing; female confinement and the damsel in distress; supernatural switches between living and dead bodies — were transfigured into poetic forms that we recognise and teach today as canonically Victorian. The Gothic Forms of Victorian Poetry identifies a poetics of Gothic enclosure constitutive of high Victorian poetry that came to define key nineteenth-century poetic forms, from the dramatic monologue, to women’s sonnet sequences and metasonnets, to Pre-Raphaelite picture poems. It draws new, unexpected connections between major Romantic-era novels and Victorian-era poems.
The Regional Development of the American Bildungsroman, 1900-1960
Authors: Avery Tamlyn
Published: May 2024

The Regional Development of the American Bildungsroman is the first book to historicize the development of the American Bildungsroman, a 19th century genre of the novel that peddled the concept of national destiny, by representing a young individual’s development in national-historical time. Yet, the Bildungsroman also became one crucial means of configuring the culturally, politically, and economically asymmetrical effects of the U.S.’s rapid growth and political ascendence within the capitalist world-system in the early 20th century, in ways that clearly unsettled the centralizing imperatives of Americanism in that period. Instead, a genre Avery calls the “novel of uneven development” came to salience; a story that was led by a curious protagonist, the unsettled or ‘unfixed Youth,’ whose restlessness and preoccupation with regional difference (their “regional complex”) impedes their maturation and thus development into a civic ideal. Regional difference also led to formal innovation, as authors sought new ways to narrate and contend with the deep political tensions, anxieties, and contradictions of a decentralized society unevenly syncing to the rhythms of capitalist development and modernization. Regional Development maps fourteen novels in four of these distinctive regional literatures across the Midwest, Northeast, South, and Southwest, to provide a fuller geography of the genre’s uneven development than has previously been recognized.
The Way of the World: Hurston’s Folkloric Bildungsroman
Authors: Avery Tamlyn
Published: May 2024

Building on Chapter 6, Chapters 7 and 8 elaborate how in Southern novels of underdevelopment, the genre’s biographical time is disrupted and the process of Bildung left incomplete, as the narrative structure internalizes the struggle between national-historical time and regional temporality. In such works, regional difference is established in a number of ways: firstly, though the characters’ use of local dialect and vernacular, which is distinguished from the omniscient narrator’s uninflected language; secondly, in the juxtaposition of the banalities of everyday, small-town life against shocking, remarkable, and violent events; and thirdly, in extensive descriptions of the region’s distinctive natural environment.These tendencies informed the blending of classical Bildungsroman conventions with the folkloric aesthetics in Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God. Unsettling the Agrarians’ narrowing regionalism, while correcting the pervasive cynicism toward rural folk culture in the New Negro Renaissance, Hurston’s ethnographically informed novel blended the realist Bildungsroman with what Mikhail Bakhtin called the “realistic fantastic” of folkloric narratives. This chapter observes how by leaning into such generic incongruity, Hurston was able to illustrate the hazards of integrating folk cultures into the soul-nation allegory.
Caught and Loose: McCullers, O’Connor, and the Gothic Bildungsroman
Authors: Avery Tamlyn
Published: May 2024

Chapter 8 discusses how the gothic mode, a term which in the mid-twentieth century typically referred to Southern texts that juxtaposed the region’s banal, everyday features with images of violence, deprivation, and estrangement, merged with the realist Bildungsroman to similarly represent the jagged effects of modernization upon underdeveloped rural communities. This chapter observes how that tendency was reflected in Carson McCullers’s The Member of the Wedding and Flannery O’Connor’s The Violent Bear It Away. In these novels, an unfixed youth attempts to find their place in a world they know little about by mimicking the hypocritical behaviors of adults in their small-town South, thus discovering the region’s internal incongruities in moments of uncanniness, grotesqueness, and violence without justice. In both interrelated variations, the ‘peasant’ South, caught between atavism and progress, found its ideal figuration in the unfixed figure of youth, whose uneven development came to register the region’s coming into modernity as a fragmented, tormented, and furious growth spurt. Despite their different outlooks and politics of form, both novelists nevertheless looked expectantly to the prospect of a New South shaped by the younger generation.
Gothic Modernisms
Authors: Foley Matt
Published: May 2024

‘Gothic Modernism’, argues that this movement is an important facet of the twentieth-century Gothic. Drawing upon examples derived from sources such as T. S. Eliot’s The Waste Land (1922), Djuna Barnes’ Nightwood (1936), the art and films of the European avant-garde, and William Faulkner’s Southern Gothic, the essay examines modernism’s darker turns: the recurring depictions of transgression, haunting, the unconscious, excessive desire, and somnambulism that so often pre-occupied modernist artists. The chapter suggests that in these texts (be they literature, film, or painting) there is a reluctance to overtly invoke the supernatural or otherworldly. Instead, horror and terror are produced by means of an aesthetic fragmentation that reflects the alienating effects of a bleak and spiritually barren post-WWI modernity (c.1920-1940), one that is itself contradictory given the modernist desire to ‘make new’ aesthetics, on the one hand, and their inability to escape traumatising pasts on the other.
The Birth of an Evil Thought: The Gothic in Silent-Era Cinema
Authors: Leeder Murray
Published: May 2024

This chapter discusses the presence of the Gothic in the first decade of cinema, up until the conversion to sound in the late 1920s. It glosses the presence of Gothic themes in early cinema, absorbed from other media like literature and the stage, and, whilst acknowledging the importance of German Expressionism, largely focussing on the American film industry. It then discusses the first adaptation of Frankenstein (1910) and how the film’s marketing tempered the horrific elements of the plotline. Next, the chapter considers D. W. Griffith’s The Avenging Conscience (1914), a baroque reworking of various Poe stories and poems, leading to an examination of the cycle of ‘old, dark house’ films of the 1920s which, the author argues, constitute the cycle of production of silent horror to which the Gothic label best applies. Largely stage-derived, these include Griffith’s One Exciting Night (1922), The Ghost Breaker (1922), The Bat (1926), Midnight Faces (1926) and, perhaps most famously, The Cat and the Canary (1927). Set in Gothic mansions and often involving family dramas of inheritance, greed and deception, these films walk a delicate line between chills and laughter. Leeder also draws upon Horner and Zlosnik’s construction of the ‘comic Gothic’ to position this under-studied cycle.
Medical Humanities and the Twentieth-Century Gothic
Authors: Kremmel Laura R.
Published: May 2024

This chapter looks at three intersections of the Medical Humanities and the Gothic: medical conspiracy and experimentation, mental institutions, and contagion. Medical conspiracy and experimentation are discussed through H. P. Lovecraft’s 1920s medical characters who deviate from the system or expose its weaknesses; Stephen King’s 1987 novel Misery and its corrupt nurse; and Robin Cook’s sub-genre-defining novels, specifically Coma (1977). Lovecraft’s work also depicts mental institutions. The depiction of the patients who blur the line between ‘sane’ and ‘insane’ also features in later texts such as Grant Morrison’s Arkham Asylum (1989) and the mind as its own institution is a characteristic of Patrick McGrath’s work, particularly Spider (1990) and Asylum (1996). Finally, the chapter discusses how contagion tales influence old Gothic characters and create new ones, as represented in Richard Matheson’s I Am Legend (1954) and Night of the Living Dead (1968), texts that use monstrosity to access the human experience.
Big Bad Wolves and Angry Sharks: The Ecogothic and a Century of Environmental Change
Authors: Tidwell Christy
Published: May 2024

The chapter begins by discussing current definitions of the rapidly evolving critical arena of the ‘ecogothic’, particularly as they relate to anxieties about place and space and resentful and/or rebellious nonhuman inhabitants, as well as the complex relationship between the human and the nonhuman. However, it is also noted that the ecogothic does not begin with the twentieth century but grows out of earlier ideas about the environment and humanity’s relationship to it. This history, as well as shifts in environmental concerns over the century provide another way to explore key elements of the twentieth century ecogothic. A number of ecogothic texts and themes are discussed before the chapter considers a film not usually associated with the sub-genre – the 1993 blockbuster Jurassic Park – which is discussed in terms of its engagement with contemporary ecological crisis, the spectre of human extinction, and fears that scientific and technological ‘progress’ has dangerously exceeded our control.
Introduction
Authors: Özerdem Alpaslan , Öztürk Ahmet Erdi
Published: May 2024

This book aims to investigate the first century of the modern Turkey within seven parts which will cover internal and external political issues, economic dimensions, the main conflicts, and all other socio-cultural phenomena. Therefore, all the parts employ both interdisciplinary and intradisciplinary mindsets since this is the only way to explain the complicated dynamics of Turkish state and society. As has been underlined numerous times in the Turkish studies literature, the studies of Turkish politics and society have developed around a number of binaries such as the centre vs periphery debate, state vs. society, and Kemalism vs. Islamism.
The Same Old New Turkey: The Contours of Turkish Politics from Atatürk to Erdoğan
Authors: Taş Hakkı
Published: May 2024

The Kemalist reforms are on shaky ground today. However, it is Kemalism’s key power that it informs even its rivals. Again, it is its self-defeating success in mobilising the masses towards socio-economic development that created new classes and outlooks, now serving to challenge the founding ideology. While Kemalism is still the most successful modernisation project in the Muslim world, the current disenchantment with Islamism has reinvigorated trust in Atatürk’s legacy.
Leftism in Turkey
Authors: Turan Ömer
Published: May 2024

Turkey’s contemporary society and political system seem incapable of developing a rational framework for gender rights, Kurdish and other minorities’ cultural rights, ecological balance, the rule of law and democracy in the broadest sense. The most viable option to reverse this process is a more powerful left-wing politics in Turkey, comprising democratic secularism, feminism, green vision, pluralism and a vision for peace, with more agenda-setting power. The outcome of the CHP’s current search for coalitions with various groups (including the conservatives) will reveal whether leftism in Turkey will play a significant role in the processes of redemocratisation and the establishment of a society that reasonably combines freedom and social justice.
Turkey’s Policy towards Central Asia and the South Caucasus: Expectations, Failures and Achievements
Authors: Aras Bulent
Published: May 2024

The Western and to a lesser extent Chinese commitment to regional peace and cooperation is yet another question mark. Provided the US, China and the EU could develop a supportive case for peace and cooperation in the south Caucasus, it would further enable Russian and Turkish initiatives to figure out regional schemes, which would ultimately form a stable ground for East–West cooperation.
Despite ongoing challenges, Turkey is determined to retain a stronghold in central Asia and the south Caucasus, largely through energy cooperation and close relations with Azerbaijan.
Turkey’s Energy Policy: Path Dependency of Carbon Lock-in
Authors: İşeri Emre
Published: May 2024

Drawing on a ‘path dependency’2 approach with an emphasis on the role of the formal institution (the state) intertwined with energy technology/infrastructure (including resource endowment), this chapter aims to explain or understand Turkey’s high carbon energy politics, the ‘sub-optimal option’ destined to take the country to a carbon locking phase. It argues that inheriting carbon-intensive energy infrastructure, an increasingly ‘authoritarian neoliberal’ regime led Turkey to adopt various self-serving mechanisms that culminated in the National Energy and Mining Policy (NEMP), enhancing carbon-intensive path dependency, rather than choosing more efficient and sustainable low-carbon pathways.
Development of the Turkish Higher Education System between 1923 and 2023
Authors: Barlas Burhan
Published: May 2024

Significant changes in the Turkish higher education system in the last two decades have been consistently associated with the Bologna process. It is possible to say that the foundations of many changes in the field of higher education have been laid in the context of the Bologna process, especially under the leadership of the Council of Higher Education. According to the EU progress reports, Turkey has made good progress in the field of education despite its deficiencies. However, there are still fundamental challenges to respond to in order to raise the standards of education and research at Turkish universities, and for the country to enable its socio-economic basis further, this will remain a critical area for action.
Revisionist, Resurgent Power, Breaking with the West, Sailing with Eurasianist Winds
Authors: Çandar Cengiz
Published: May 2024

Included in the Concert of Europe in the mid-nineteenth century along with the rest of the Western powers – France, Habsburg Austria and Great Britain; espousing the Western as its civilisational project in the aftermath of the First World War and founding a secular nation-state in the early 1920s; one of the founding countries of the Council of Europe following the Second World War; a member of the transatlantic alliance since the 1950s; declared a candidate for full membership of the European Union at the turn of the twenty-first century: all this defined what Turkey was. And Turkey, with such historical credentials, set itself on the road to gradually break with the West. It had to adopt, internally, a repressive, authoritarian regime and a revisionist foreign policy to resurrect the imperial glory that it claimed it had in the past. At the end of the second decade of the twenty-first century and on the eve of the centenary of the Republic’s foundation, it emerged as a revisionist power, if not on a global scale but no doubt in very broad geopolitics. Whether or how long such a status will be sustainable remains to be seen.
Crip Medicine: Environmental Health and the Matter of Hysteria
Authors: Peebles Tavera Stephanie
Published: May 2024

This chapter examines how women writers of medical fiction rescript the concept of disability as a product of both linguistic and material processes, or what affect theorists refer to as “the materiality of language,” a historical move which opens up a space to re-theorize gender as affect in the present. Louisa May Alcott, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, and Rebecca Harding Davis counter both the social construction and materiality of hysteria in the medico-legal discourse of Edward H. Clarke, S. Weir Mitchell, and Anthony Comstock, exposing hysteria as a fake illness that masks real mental illnesses such as postpartum psychosis, depression caused by grief and loss, and post-traumatic stress. This tension between social construction and materiality in nineteenth-century medico-legal discourses of hysteria parallels twenty-first century theoretical conversations that negotiate tensions between social constructionist and posthumanist or new materialist theories. Taking a cue from Alcott, Gilman, and Davis, who describe gender as a product of the affective outdoor environment, this chapter explores affect theory as a useful intervention to the limitations of social construction and new materialism.
Richard Linklater’s Humanism: Moral Primacy, Recency Effects, and SubUrbia
Authors: Moss-Wellington Wyatt
Published: May 2024

This chapter describes some of the formal strategies used in Richard Linklater’s feature films to prompt generous and counter-moralistic thinking about his characters. It offers a close reading of SubUrbia (1996) focusing on their interventionist depictions of youth in middle America, and narrative means for prompting a reflective reconsideration of the emotional life and contextual challenges of seemingly peripheral characters within an ensemble cast. This primary case study is then compared to a number of other Linklater titles that employ similar techniques, in particular School of Rock (2003), Fast Food Nation (2006), Me and Orson Welles (2008) and Bernie (2011).
Introduction Scottish Highlands and the Atlantic World: Social Networks and Identities
Authors: Kehoe S. Karly , Tindley Annie , Dalglish Chris
Published: May 2024

This introductory chapter sets out the chronological, conceptual and geographical framework of the book and the contributions that follow. It foregrounds the themes of the Scottish diaspora, linguistic and cultural diversities and legacies, network theories and imperial and colonial structures. It outlines the most relevant areas of historiography for these themes and introduces each chapter briefly. It also contextualises the two commentaries included in the volume, what they aim to add to the debates around contemporary legacies of the processes and entanglements explored in the book.
Gaelic Heritage, Language Revitalisation and Identity in Present-day Nova Scotia
Authors: Dunmore Stuart
Published: May 2024

This chapter assesses Scottish and Nova Scotian Gaelic speakers’ acquisition and use of Gaelic, as well as their cultural identifications with the language. Gaelic is currently undergoing revitalisation on both sides of the Atlantic, as policymakers seek to develop a durable future direction for language maintenance efforts in the two settings. Internationally, the strategic attempt to stem decline of minoritised languages has focussed increasingly on creating new speakers to increase overall numbers of endangered language users. This development reflects recognition by policymakers that once interrupted, the transmission of languages between generations within the home is extremely hard to re-instate. This chapter draws on a subset of interviews from Scotland and Nova Scotia to examine new speaker heritage and identity orientation among divergent cohorts of Gaelic speaking adults on both sides of the Atlantic.
The Gaelic Club of Glasgow: Gateway from the Scottish Highlands to the British Atlantic World, 1780–1838
Authors: Mullen Stephen
Published: May 2024

This chapter examines the Gaelic Club of Glasgow, an elite organisation attended by Scottish Highlanders during the city’s ‘golden age’ of sugar 1780-1838. Surviving minutes – held in Glasgow City Archives – and other sources allow a detailed examination of club membership and its activities after 1780, revealing how Glasgow’s West India merchants came to dominate the organisation. This wealthy Highland-Caribbean nexus eventually transformed the club into a gateway between the Scottish Highlands and the British Atlantic world. This chapter identifies three distinct social groupings in attendance. Firstly, a male-only membership increasingly comprised of Glasgow’s elite. Secondly, a group of transient ‘strangers’ – including politicians and Scots returned from the Caribbean – who visited the club on an ad-hoc basis. Thirdly, elite women of the appropriate rank who were invited to grand balls on an annual basis. This chapter argues the Gaelic Club facilitated trust amongst these networks which encouraged wealth accumulation, thus promoting the interests of a Highland West India merchant cohort in two important ways: by generating opportunities for colonial commerce amongst the wider community and by facilitating marital pairings amongst its members and elite women. Thus, the Gaelic Club maximised the accumulation of fortunes derived from Caribbean slavery amongst the Highland community of the west of Scotland, wealth which was retained over successive generations.
Epilogue Contested Boundaries – Documenting the Socio-Cultural Dimensions of Empire
Authors: Price Dara
Published: May 2024

This concluding chapter considers the common themes linking the volume’s chapters, highlighting authors’ contributions to understanding the complex nature of colonial identity. The epilogue underscores the importance of a nuanced approach to the history of colonialism: ‘colonialism’ signifies highly disparate, layered, and competing sets of human experiences over the course of many centuries. Colonial identities were, and are, constantly evolving.
The chapter summarizes the methodological challenges and opportunities in researching colonial experiences, and considers some of the limitations of traditional Western knowledge systems. Students of colonialism are urged to think beyond inherited, empirical notions of both historical ‘evidence’ and the ‘archive’. Expanded definitions of text, truth, and fact, give us access to a rich set of previously marginalized voices. Interdisciplinarity enriches and enhances scholarship on the social and cultural dimensions of empire.
‘Tarting up ideas in costume jewellery’: Contemporary Gothic Camp
Authors: Brassington Thomas
Published: May 2024

This chapter explores Gothic camp from 1960 into the twenty-first century. In order to focus on a stock camp figure: the fag hag in Gothic represenations, the author begins with Sue Zlosnik and Avril Horner’s feminist essay about the ways in which older women are often presented as abject figures in Gothic texts. The chapter then moves into an exploration of queer heterosexual family structures found in the Addams Family films from the 1990’s. Following the Queer Gothic heterosexual (but not heteronormative) Addams Family, the author focuses on the campy 1972 Blacula which blends vampire and Blaxploitation genres alongside the twenty-first century U.S. television show Pose. The author argues that Gothic camp in Blacula and Pose give insight into the intersections of systemic racism, homophobia, and transphobia. The chapter concludes with an examination of feminist Gothic camp in Jennifer’s Body (2009) and in the ongoing Elvira, Mistress of the Dark.
‘Queer-Wolves and Wolf-Boyz and Were-Bears, Oh My!’: Queering the Wolf in New Queer Horror Film and TV
Authors: Elliott-Smith Darren
Published: May 2024

Just as the zombie chapter moves to reclaim queer sex outside of homonormative parameters, so, too, does this chapter on queer werewolves that celebrates radical queer sex and queer fetishes. The author considers four main concerns focused on the queer werewolf: werewolf transformations that represent the ways culture fails in repressing queer desires; ‘queerwolves’ who are subsumed by hypermasculinity and who demonstrate ‘effeminaphobia’; explorations of the celebration of the hypermasculine ‘daddy-wolf’ and ‘were-bears’; and, finally, trans possibilities for the werewolf. The chapter probes critical issues around stereotypes about queer men and the internalised homophobia (effeminaphobia) that can become fraught in hypermasculinised situations. This essay’s exploration of Bear culture also presents a nuanced queer way of looking at werewolves. The chapter concludes by looking at Tim Stafford’s theories of ‘Old Pack’ and ‘New Pack’ werewolf transformations. Specifically, in light of ‘New Pack’ transformation where the werewolf has agency over the time, place, and method of transformation, the author notes that a more positive trans reading can be gleaned.
Witchcraft, Gender and Queerness in Contemporary British Literature
Authors: Antosa Silvia
Published: May 2024

This chapter analyses four contemporary British women authors who focus on the figure of the witch through a Queer Gothic lens. However, before considering these contemporary feminist views of the witch, the author first lays out histories of European witch hunts from the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Of particular note, Heinrich Kramer and Jacob Sprenger (Dominican inquisitors) penned their treatise on diabolical witchcraft entitled The Malleus Maleficarum or The Witch’s Hammer (1486) which ‘inextricably linked’ witchcraft with the female sex. From this history, the author looks to these contemporary works that speak back to the historical misogynous stereotyping : Jeanette Winterson’s The Daylight Gate (2012) which is a re-imagining of the Lancashire witches; Carol Ann Duffy’s poem, ‘The Lancashire Witches’ (2012); Emma Donoghue’s 1997 collection of fairy tales entitled Kissing the Witch: Old Tales in New Skins; and, Rebecca Tamàs’s collection of poems, Witch (2019). Through these diverse and feminist examples of perspectives on queer witches, the author explores the obvious queer sexual practices as well as the covert trans, pansexual and polyamorous possibilities that underly these re-considerations of the witch.
Queer Gothic Poetry
Authors: Tarr Clayton Carlyle
Published: May 2024

This chapter begins with the argument that poetry has often been overlooked in studies of the Gothic, and this essay serves to map out explorations of Queer Gothic poetry that should be considered. Rather than focusing on a narrow time period, the author strives to ‘instigate a conversation to identify a new genre that is fluid, dynamic, and expansive.’ Beginning with Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s ‘Kubla Kahn’ (1797) and tracing through canonical Romantic and Victorian poets, the author posits that their forms as well as their content can be read in a queer light regardless of any overt queer themes. The actual form of these Gothic poems becomes queered. The chapter then moves into poetry that includes more overt queer themes: Sapphic desire and Sapphic ballads like Coleridge’s Christabel (1797) and Christina Rosetti’s Goblin Market (1862). Finally, the author examines sadomasochism and cannibalism within a Queer Gothic frame in Algernon Charles Swinburne’s 1866 ‘Anactoria’.
Materiality
Authors: Potter Jane
Published: May 2024

This chapter examines the materiality of popular magazines during World War I and how their physical form was affected by wartime conditions, such as paper shortages and import disruptions that forced periodical publishers to ration pages, use cheaper paper, cut illustrations, raise prices, or cease publication of titles altogether. It focuses on two case studies, The War Illustrated and Nash’s and Pall Mall Magazine to show how a magazine’s binding, paper quality, illustrations and ads constituted its brand identity and the wartime pressures that inevitably altered these material elements. The chapter also reflects on how both bound archive volumes and the digitization of print media shape our contemporary encounter with these ‘memory bridges’ to the past. Overall, it demonstrates the interplay between a magazine’s physical form, its wartime role as propaganda, and its survival as a commercial enterprise.
War Correspondents
Authors: Griffiths Andrew
Published: May 2024

Focusing primarily on the work of the small group of officially accredited British correspondents on the Western Front, this chapter traces the evolution of the war correspondents’ writing in response to external pressures, including censorship, limited access to the fighting area, the sheer scale of operations, and a dual audience including readers at home and readers on the front lines. Building on recent works by Sara Prieto (2018) and Kevin Williams (2020), the chapter examines developments in the style of war correspondents’ writing in relation to the changing circumstances in which the correspondents wrote. The chapter challenges and complicates the established argument that, for want of a more appropriate discourse, war correspondents and writers addressing the conflict expressed themselves in language wholly inappropriate to industrialised warfare.
Battles
Authors: Trott Vincent
Published: May 2024

Major battles shaped the course of the First World War and helped to determine its outcome. They were not only important military moments, but also significant news events, which dominated the pages of periodicals around the world. This chapter discusses how English-language newspapers and magazines responded to the war’s major battles. It analyses the impact of censorship restrictions and the evolution of battlefield reporting, before providing the first detailed case study of how British, Australian, Canadian and American newspapers and magazines responded to the Battle of Amiens, a major Allied offensive which helped bring the war to a close. In doing so, this chapter reveals the previously overlooked transnational dimensions of English-language war reporting and illustrates how daily battlefield news reached readers across the globe.
Canada
Authors: Cook Tim
Published: May 2024

Print news was part of Canadians’ daily lives, with the printed word shaping perceptions of all events, and especially the war that raged overseas from 1914 to 1918. This chapter explores how the First World War was interpreted through the Canadian periodical press, both in English and French, in the cities and in rural areas. A sampling of periodicals around key debates and issues reveals the prewar warning from newspapers of the coming war; Canada’s duty to the allied war effort; the growing dissent for the increasingly unlimited war effort; how censorship was carried out and which stories were affected; the highlighting of key battles and casualties; and the role of Canadian journalists in reporting the war overseas. The chapter also explores how editors and journalists not only reported the war but also shaped messages for Canadians. ‘Although there is probably as much going on in the country as at any previous time,’ wrote the Toronto Globe in the summer of 1916, ‘nothing seems worth recording except the war … there is no news except war news.’
Conscientious Objection in Turkey
Authors: Çaltekın Demet Asli
Published: May 2024

This book provides a socio-legal analysis of the right to conscientious objection in Turkey. It empirically investigates the experiences of antimilitarists with law, with a particular focus on the socio-cultural elements behind the non-recognition of the right to conscientious objection. Drawing on interviews with eighteen objectors and an expert in Turkey, the book argues that any attempt to create a social change also necessitates understanding and challenging current legal frameworks.
Setting the Scene: Militarisation of Society
Authors: Çaltekın Demet Asli
Published: May 2024

This introductory chapter provides a brief background to the problem. It highlights the gap in the literature, shows how it fills the existing gap, and explains the book’s theoretical and methodological framework, as well as its structure. It focuses on the following: The Conscription System and the Normalisation of Militarism in Turkey, Conscientious Objection and Civil Disobedience: The Conflict Between Law and Conscience, and Conscientious Objection and Gender.
Lighting and Visual Opacity
Authors: Purnama Ari
Published: May 2024

This chapter examines the role of lighting as one of the three chief visual techniques instrumental to the transformation of Indonesian cinema into a stylistically complex cinema in the post-1998 period. The chapter argues that not only have post-1998 Indonesian filmmakers explored low-key lighting more intensively, but they have also simultaneously augmented the form and function of this lighting technique as a genre/scene lighting convention. They have done this by transforming two variants of the low-key lighting technique that valorises intensified visual darkness into a multifunctional creative strategy: 1) single-source lighting, which is a lighting technique in which the illumination on the subject appears to come from one lamp, with one visible shadow, and 2) available light shooting, which is a lighting method in which the source of illumination comes exclusively from the light present in a location without the addition of extra lighting fixtures.
Introduction
Authors: McRae Andrew Laurie
Published: May 2024

This introductory chapter sets out the existing fields within which the book’s argument is situated and establishes the critical framework through which the book will read Wallace’s novels. The chapter considers existing criticism on Wallace and the question of space; the historical context of ‘post-Fordist’ American capitalism, its attendant geographies, and critical interpretations of these; and existing work in literary geographies and ‘geocriticism’. It then establishes the book’s keywords for reading Wallace’s novels: ‘regional’, ‘metropolitan’ and ‘postindustrial’.
‘Abroad in the urban night’ (I): Metropolis, ‘Postmetropolis’ and Infinite Jest
Authors: McRae Andrew Laurie
Published: May 2024

Beginning with the idea of the ‘city novel’, this chapter considers Infinite Jest in relation to Boston’s social and topographical history in the late twentieth century, connecting this history with broader challenges to ideas of metropolitan space and life – and with Edward W. Soja’s category of the ‘postmetropolis’. The chapter develops this connection through a reading of the eclectic postmodern architecture Wallace invented for his re-imagined Boston. Then, it turns to the tentative excursions into the city’s public spaces that appear in the first half of the novel via Joelle van Dyne and Don Gately, and shows how Wallace drew on traditionally gendered assumptions about urban space and geographical knowledge in order to give formal expression to the problem of representing the late twentieth-century city as a coherent social space.
‘Abroad in the urban night’ (II): Empathy, Community and the Image of the City in Infinite Jest
Authors: McRae Andrew Laurie
Published: May 2024

This chapter begins by situating Wallace’s composition of Infinite Jest in Boston’s addiction recovery networks, reading the novel alongside William T. Vollmann’s The Rainbow Stories to explore how urban encounters with social difference lie at the root of Wallace’s well-known concerns about empathy and the possibility of fiction as an ethical intervention. Then, drawing on the work of urbanist Kevin Lynch, the chapter posits urban walking as key to the process of constructing an ‘image of the city’, showing this process to be entwined with the novel’s effort to produce a sense of possible community; but it also explores how this project encounters tensions and limits around questions of race and gender.
Fashionable female imagery between media formats: Tanizaki Jun’ichirō’s Naomi (1924) and the concept of marketable female star ‘types’
Authors: Barnett Lois J. E.
Published: May 2024

This chapter introduces the concepts of expressivity and sartoriality in regard to images of Japanese and Hollywood actresses, particularly the global flapper archetype and the Japanese Modern Girl. It discusses how Hollywood expressive images became transposed to the Japanese context via what Barnett terms ‘sartoriality’ - the dual status of fashion products as both tangible, with physical, sensory qualities, and symbolic, carrying meaning even in print or onscreen.
This association is illustrated via analysis of advertising materials produced by the Shiseido cosmetics company, the moral panic surrounding Tanizaki Jun’ichirō’s novel Naomi (1924), criticisms from male commentators and discussions in women’s magazines.
The chapter also explores the role of fashion archetypes in the concept of ‘star persona’ described by Richard Dyer (1979). The key case study is the analysis of fashion objects worn by and advertised by Japanese actresses with star personae aligned with the innocuous Mary Pickford archetype or the more subversive Clara Bow flapper image in films such as Our Neighbour Miss Yae (Tonari no Yae-chan, 1934, dir. Shimazu Yasujirō).