bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Self Mass Damper in multi-story concrete building
Authors: Widarda Dina Rubiana , Hidajat Maria Yvonne
Published: January 2019

Comfort is one among several aspects in building design. Comfort of the occupant can be measured from the dynamic performance of the building during earthquake. This performance can be increased by installing vibration control to reduce dynamic responses of the building.

Considering the space-use efficiency, the building is utilizing certain floors to act as mass dampers. The floors are able to move back and forth independently to counter building vibration. Utilizing an existing floor slab as a mass damper is known as passive vibration control or in particularly named self mass damper (SMD). A 14-story reinforced concrete building is modeled as a case study. The movable floor placement is varied in 3 configurations. The modeled building is excited by El Centro 1940 and Denpasar 1979 ground accelerations, independently. The study compares the dynamic responses of building without SMD and with SMD in three different placements.

Placing SMD in 4 top floors (13th,12th, 11th, 10th) gives the best result in reducing building’s dynamic response compared to SMD in 4 mid-height floors (11th,10th, 8th, 7th) or separate group (13th, 12th, 6th, 5th). It is shown that the building has a tendency to response conforming 1st mode of the building.

From the analysis, it can be concluded that applied SMD system gives greater reduction on building’s displacement, velocity, and acceleration in response to Denpasar ground acceleration rather than El Centro 1940.
Risk assessment for forest fire in Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Shahriar Shams , El-Said M. M. Zahran , Safwanah N. M. Said , Kho J. Hui , Lee Naderah N. D. H. M. F. , Hasim N. H. H.
Published: January 2019

The rise in global warming triggered by climate change and increased slush and burn activities particularly in Indonesia has been a major concern for deteriorating air pollution in Borneo regions in last two decades. Brunei Darussalam is facing increasing fire risk particularly during the dry season (February to April) of the year. The study is an effort to focus on the recent rise of fire events in Brunei Darussalam as fires can tremendously downgrade the quality of the country’s well-known forestry; affect the economy and most importantly, health of the people. Geographical Information System (GIS) have been widely used by researchers to study fire risk assessment. The ArcGIS software is used for Optimized Hot Spot Analysis, Inversed Distance Weighted (IDW), and Kriging to compare and analyse the data and prepare a map for identifications of hotspot areas. High temperatures due to the El Nino phenomenon and low precipitation contribute greatly to the forest fire outbreaks. Results show that the Brunei-Muara district is mostly affected compared to Tutong and Belait districts. From the hotspots identified, the percentages of forest areas affected are 53%, 64%, 25% in Brunei-Muara, Tutong and Belait districts respectively.
Building optimal routes for cargo delivery taking into account the dynamics of traffic flows
Authors: Danchuk Viktor , Bakulich Olena , Svatko Vitaliy
Published: January 2019

A method for optimizing the route based on a modified ant algorithm is proposed, taking into account the unsteady dynamics of traffic flows in the urban road network. Within the framework of the method, simulation of the building of optimal routes was carried out using the example of Kyiv. It is shown the possibility of using the method for solving problems of effective control over the process of routing freight traffic in conditions of actual dynamics of traffic flows (synchronized traffic, wide moving jam, congestion, emergency situations, etc.)
Traffic speed prediction using ensemble kalman filter and differential evolution
Authors: Rapant Lukáš
Published: January 2019

Importance of traffic state prediction steadily increases with growing volume of traffic. Ability to predict traffic speed in short to medium horizon (i.e. up to one hour) is one of the main tasks of every newly developed Intelligent Transportation System. There are two possible approaches to this prediction. The first is to utilize physical properties of the traffic flow to construct an exact or approximate numerical model. This approach is, however, almost impossible to implement on a larger scale given the difficulty to obtain enough traffic data to describe the starting and boundary conditions of the model. The other option is to use historical traffic data and relate information and patterns they contain to the current traffic state by application of some form of statistical or machine learning approach. We propose to use combination of Ensemble Kalman filter and Cell Transmission Model for this task. These models combine properties of physical model with ability to incorporate uncertainty of the traffic data.
Measuring Public Transport Accessibility for Elderly
Authors: Fatima Kaniz , Moridpour Sara
Published: January 2019

The growth acceleration in the older population has been observed in many countries which creates a significant challenge to transportation. Public transport is an essential component of most people’s lives. This specific group of population growth will require special attention to accessibility and mobility issues in combination with the transport system which undoubtedly can play a key role to support ageing. Good health, quality of life and independence are fundamental values for the life as well as mobility. For people such as senior citizens, public transport needs to be accessible and affordable in order to provide them with the opportunity to fulfil their medical, shopping and recreational needs. Providing access to transport for people with age 65 & over is not a marginal problem and it is expected to grow in the future. The most important concern in accessibility is the relatively short distance and high frequency movements from a permanent home. This study will identify the travel pattern & mode for elderly commuters in greater Melbourne, Australia. The study will also suggest strategies to improve the use of public transport system to promote ageing in place.
Analysis of Transit Oriented Development Potential on Light Rail Transit Palembang, Simpang Polda Station Area
Authors: Fajri Fadhil Muhammad , Sumabrata Jachrizal
Published: January 2019

The government of South Sumatera Province, decided to build Light Rail Transit (LRT) in Palembang City with the route from Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II Airport to Jakabaring area to address the health, social and economic impacts from traffic congestion. However, will the development of LRT in Palembang city be enough to prevent total traffic congestion in 2019 and utilized by the people of Palembang City who have been accustomed to using private vehicles? With this rationale, the Transit Oriented Development (TOD) theory was adopted in this study as the answer to those questions. This study focused on analyzing the potential application of the TOD concept on the Simpang Polda Station Area by using several ‘TOD-ness’ measurement indicators from some previous research and TOD Standard by ITDP [1]. Using 8 new potential indicators, the assessment of the potential application of the TOD concept on the Palembang City LRT Simpang Polda showed that this transit area has enough potential for the implementation of the TOD concept by applying several supporting development plans.
Dynamic Equivalence of Wind Farms Considering Complex Terrain
Authors: Zheng Wenzhe , Bu Jing , Zhang Ningyu , Zhou Qian , Liu Jiankun
Published: January 2019

The dynamic equivalence of wind farms is widely used for model simplification. While, the accuracy will be lower without considering the influence of wind speed correlation caused by topography and wake effect. In order to improve the accuracy, this paper proposes a dynamic cluster equivalence method of coherent generators based on hierarchical clustering analysis. Firstly, it analyses the impacts of equivalence’s accuracy such as wind speed distribution, wake effect and control strategy of turbine. Then, it uses hierarchical clustering method to correlate the disturbed trajectory of rotor current of the intra-site turbines and obtains the dynamic clustering results. Finally, it uses power loss method to obtain the equivalent parameters of multi-machine equivalent model. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of this method.
Study on Manufacturing Process and Current Carrying Characteristics of Layering Enamelled Stranded Conductor
Authors: Xiao Shijie , Jiang Zhenxing , Yang Liming , Zhang Xinlun , Mei Wenjie , Wang Zhongjian
Published: January 2019

Ultra high voltage(UHV) power cable system is an economical, safe and reliable power transmission mode. In recent years, the concern about the traditional fossil energy pollution in the world and the determination to using clean energy have promote the medium distance UHV submarine power cable system. This paper designs and tests one kind of energy saving and loss reducing conductor applied to large cross-section submarine cable. Through reasonable process control, the paint film on the enamelled wire surface can be avoided being scraped during the process of twisting. According to the measured AC / DC resistance ratio, the optimized design for the subsequent conductor is put forward. Compared with the traditional conductor, the current carrying capacity of the conductor is improved, and it has a positive and practical significance for reducing the Joule loss of the cable system.
The Application of Solar Cells for Water Filtration System
Authors: Sreewirote Bancha , Suttisinthong Nuchtita , Ngaopitakkul Atthapol
Published: January 2019

This paper explores the importance of renewable energy technologies to support global energy policy and helps to generate enough electricity to meet the demand. The system is used to convert solar energy to use with water filtration system to study the feasibility of installation in rural areas and the quality of drinking water must be standardized. Calculate the size and coordinates of the solar cell system has been proposed, including the study of the value of investment in system installation, the break-even point of investment has been introduced.
La coulée continue des aciers. Un exemple de développement technique où l’étroite coopération entre métallurgistes, constructeurs et exploitants a été d’une grande fécondité
Authors: Saleil Jean , Le Coze Jean
Published: January 2019

Des développements originaux de machines de coulée non conventionnelles, lacoulée rotativeet lacoulée horizontaleont répondu, en matière de produits longs, à des faiblesses spécifiques de la coulée conventionnelle en blooms et billettes, mais la résolution de ces problèmes a progressivement retiré leur pertinence à ces deux procédés. Lamachine Hazelett,la coulée de brames minces,la coulée de bandesont participé de l’effort des sidérurgistes pour couler en produits plats des formats au plus près de la forme finale et ainsi achever la simplification ou la suppression des opérations de laminage à chaud.La coulée de bandes,avec sa technologie de coulée verticale entre cylindres représente l’ultime avancée en matière de coulée continue des aciers. Un historique du développement est rappelé, principalement dans sa composante européenne. Les principales difficultés techniques, qui furent surmontées, sont décrites.
Influence of continuous annealing soaking temperature on fish-scaling resistance of ultra-low carbon steel for porcelain enameling
Authors: Liu Zaiwang , Kang Yonglin , Li Yiding
Published: January 2019

The relationship between fish-scaling resistance of ultra-low carbon (ULC) enamel steel and continuous annealing soaking temperature was rarely studied before. In this paper, the influence of continuous annealing soaking temperature on microstructure, precipitation behavior and fish-scaling resistance of ULC steel for porcelain enameling was investigated. The results obtained were as follows: for ULC enamel steel, with the continuous annealing soaking temperature increasing from 750 °C to 840 °C, the mean diameter of second phase particle increased from 41 nm to 52 nm, the corresponding volume fraction decreased from 5.8 × 10−3 m3/m3 to 2.9 × 10−3 m3/m3, and the ferrite grain size grew from 13.4 µm up to 17.3 µm, the hydrogen permeation value (TH value) decreased from 32 min/mm2 to 12 min/mm2. The grain boundary and precipitates are main hydrogen traps, as the ferrite grain size increased and the volume fraction of second phase particles decreased, the fish-scaling resistance of ULC enamel steel decreased.
Experimental in-situ metallographic investigations of industrial hydrocarbon processed fired heater tubes
Authors: Subramanian Chidambaram
Published: January 2019

In the present investigations, the coker unit heater tube has been evaluated using in-situ metallography, after an exposure at a temperature of 615 °C for around 52 000 h. The heater tubes in petroleum industries are mostly damaged by creep failures; hence metallography assessments are conducted for safe operation of industrial units. The primary material of construction for fired heater tubes is ASTM A213 GrT9 chromium molybdenum ferritic steel and maximum primary creep strains are estimated as 11.2761 × 10−2and 11.2802 × 10−2for temperature 888 and 923 K, respectively. In-situ metallography test was conducted at finish pass surface on one butt weld joint section of two different passes (pass I and pass II) of heater tubes. Hardness is within limit and chemical composition stands confirmed within material standards. A heater tube weld joint comprising weldment metal, heat affected zone and base metal were found in good condition, and no indications of creep were observed. Tempered martensite is observed only in weld metal and heat affected zone which aids in high temperature creep strength of metal at weld joint and heat affected zone. No martensitic structure was observed on the base metal; however base metal creep strength was ascertained by fine precipitated alloy carbides within the ferritic matrix base metal structure. Recommendations were further provided to monitor the performance of heater tubes and for an early prediction of secondary creep.
Strategic behavior in the constant retrial queue with a single vacation
Authors: Zhang Yu
Published: January 2019

We study customers’ joining strategies in anM/M/1 constant retrial queue with a single vacation. There is no waiting space in front of the server and a vacation is triggered when the system is empty. If an arriving customer finds the server idle, he occupies the server immediately. Otherwise, if the server is found unavailable, the customer enters a retrial pool called orbit with infinite capacity and becomes a repeated customer. According to the different information provided for customers, we consider two situations, where we investigate system characteristics and customers’ joining or balk decisions based on a linear reward-cost structure. Furthermore, we establish the social welfare of the system and make comparisons between the two information levels. It is found that there exist thresholds of system parameters such that the social planner would prefer revealing more information when the system parameter is greater than or less than the corresponding threshold.
Manganese Catalyzed Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones Using Chiral Oxamide Ligands
Authors: Schneekönig Jacob , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias
Published: January 2019

The asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones using isopropyl alcohol (IPA) as hydrogen donor in the presence of novel manganese catalysts is explored. The selective and active systems are easily generated in situ from [MnBr(CO)5] and inexpensive C
2-symmeric bisoxalamide ligands. Under the optimized reaction conditions, the Mn-derived catalyst gave higher enantioselectivity compared with the related ruthenium catalyst.
Tympanolith in the Middle Ear
Authors: Nagalingeswaran Ahilasamy , Kumar Rajendran Dinesh
Published: January 2019

Background A tympanolith is a calcified body within the middle ear cavity, arising as a result of calcification as a possible nidus (extrinsic or intrinsic).

Case Report A male patient with a known history of diabetes presented with painless, non-foul smelling, chronically discharging right ear more than 20 years duration with an associated hearing loss. Routine investigations were within normal limits, pure tone audiometry findings were suggestive of profound hearing loss in the affected ear. Otoendoscopy revealed a tympanolith, which was removed, following which a moderate size central perforation with an edematous middle ear mucosa was noted.

Discussion Tympanolith is a rare condition which is known to occur in a chronically discharging ear, it’s usually hard, gritty with a smooth surface.

Conclusion In chronically discharging ears with a calcified mass lesion, tympanolith should be considered as differential diagnosis.
Concurrence of Two Rare Conditions: Simultaneous Bilateral Spontaneous Pneumothorax and Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation
Authors: Konca Capan , Tekin Mehmet , Elmas Oksan Cebeci
Published: January 2019

Simultaneous bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax (SBSP) is a very rare type of pneumothorax. Most reported cases are associated with underlying lung diseases. In a small number of pediatric studies, SBSP was found to be associated with human bocavirus bronchiolitis, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. The present work examines an interesting case of type 2 congenital pulmonary airway malformation presenting with SBSP and bilateral multiple parenchymal cysts.
18.10.15 Thiocarbonic Acids and Derivatives (Update 2018)
Authors: Aitken R. A.
Published: January 2019

This chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution (Section 18.10) describing methods for the synthesis of thiocarbonic acids and derivatives and their applications in organic synthesis. In addition to new methods and applications for the more common derivatives covered in the original chapter, synthesis and applications of several less common systems are included for the first time.
30.3.4.3 1,3-Dithianes (Update 2018)
Authors: Saikawa Y. , Nakata M.
Published: January 2019

1,3-Dithianes are widely used as carbonyl protecting groups as they are stable under both acidic and basic conditions. They are intermediates in desulfurization reactions and they also enable carbonyl umpolung by metalation. This chapter discusses advances in 1,3-dithiane synthesis published since 2007, including solid-supported thioacetalization reactions.
30.4.3 S,N-Acetals (α-Amino Sulfur Derivatives) (Update 2018)
Authors: Mutoh Y.
Published: January 2019

This chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution (Section 30.4) describing methods for the synthesis of S,N-acetals (also known as N,S-acetals or α-amino sulfur derivatives) that have been reported since 2003. One of the major recent developments involves the enantioselective synthesis of S,N-acetals by organocatalysis.
30.6.3 N,N-Acetals (Aminals) (Update 2018)
Authors: Mutoh Y.
Published: January 2019

This chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution (Section 30.6) de- scribing methods for the synthesis of N,N-acetals (also known as aminals) that have been reported since 2003. The major recent advances include methods for the enantioselective synthesis of N,N-acetals by organocatalysis and by transition-metal catalysis.
Structural and electronic properties of Fe dopants in cobalt oxide nanoislands on Au(111)
Authors: Rodríguez-Fernández Jonathan , Sun Zhaozong , Zhang Liang , Tan Ting , Curto Anthony , Fester Jakob , Vojvodic Aleksandra , Lauritsen Jeppe V.
Published: January 2019

Mixed metal oxides of earth-abundant 3d transition metals are an interesting class of materials that show interesting magnetic properties and a significant synergistic effect as catalysts for electrochemical oxygen evolution compared to simple unary oxides. However, the exact atomic-scale nature of such mixed oxide phases and the link to their interesting physico-chemical properties are poorly understood. Here, a combination of scanning tunneling microscopy and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy reveals that Fe species embed in a facile way into CoO bilayers on Au(111) resulting in an Fe doped oxide. Density functional theory and the spectroscopic fingerprint from x-ray photoemission spectroscopy reveal that the Fe dopants in the cobalt oxide matrix assume a higher oxidation state than in the structurally corresponding unary bilayer oxide. Furthermore, the substituted Fe is structurally displaced further away from the Au than the metal in either of the corresponding pure unary oxides. Both O and to a smaller extent Co in the nearest coordination shell are also structurally and electronically perturbed. The interesting effects observed in the bilayer binary oxides may enable a better fundamental understanding of the nature of doping of metal oxides, in general, and promotion effects in catalytic applications.
Diffusive tunneling in an isobaric but non-isothermal fuel-pusher mixture
Authors: Tang Xian-Zhu , Elder Todd , McDevitt Chris , Guo Zehua
Published: January 2019

The hydrodynamic mix of fusion fuel and inert pusher can simultaneously generate smaller fuel pockets and finer pusher layers that separate them. Smaller fuel pockets have greater local Knudsen numbers, which tend to exacerbate the Knudsen layer reactivity reduction. A thinner pusher layer separating the neighboring fuel pockets, on the other hand, can enable the diffusive tunneling of Gamow fuel ions through the pusher layer and hence alleviate the Knudsen layer reactivity degradation. Here, the diffusive tunneling phenomenon describes a random walk process by which the Gamow fuel ions from one fuel pocket can traverse the inert pusher layer to join a neighboring fuel pocket without losing much of their energy. This is made possible by the much slower collisional slowing down rate compared with the pitch angle scattering rate of light fuel ions with heavier pusher ions. In an isobaric target mixture where fuel and pusher segments can have distinct temperatures, due to their different compressibilities, the temperature effect on the critical pusher layer areal density below which diffusive tunneling can occur, which is a property of the hydrodynamic mix, is understood by computing the ion charge state distribution using a collisional radiative model. This information is fed into the collisionality evaluation, enabling a parametric scan of the diffusive tunneling physics in terms of the target pressure, fuel, and pusher temperatures. It is found that when the gold pusher layer has a temperature above 1 keV, the variation of the pusher temperature has little effect on the critical areal mass density below which diffusive tunneling can occur. If the pusher layer is 1 keV or below, the critical areal mass density rises sharply, indicating that for a stronger fuel-pusher temperature disparity, the onset of diffusive tunneling will be at an earlier stage of the hydrodynamic mix when the fuel-pusher mixing structures are of less reduced size.
Phoretic and hydrodynamic interactions of weakly confined autophoretic particles
Authors: Kanso Eva , Michelin Sébastien
Published: January 2019

Phoretic particles self-propel using self-generated physico-chemical gradients at their surface. Within a suspension, they interact hydrodynamically by setting the fluid around them into motion and chemically by modifying the chemical background seen by their neighbours. While most phoretic systems evolve in confined environments due to buoyancy effects, most models focus on their interactions in unbounded flows. Here, we propose a first model for the interaction of phoretic particles in Hele-Shaw confinement and show that in this limit, hydrodynamic and phoretic interactions share not only the same scaling but also the same form, albeit in opposite directions. In essence, we show that phoretic interactions effectively reverse the sign of the interactions that would be obtained for swimmers interacting purely hydrodynamically. Yet, hydrodynamic interactions cannot be neglected as they significantly impact the magnitude of the interactions. This model is then used to analyse the behavior of a suspension. The suspension exhibits swirling and clustering collective modes dictated by the orientational interactions between particles, similar to hydrodynamic swimmers, but here governed by the surface properties of the phoretic particle; the reversal in the sign of the interaction tends to slow down the swimming motion of the particles.
Steady-state and transient behavior in dynamic atomic force microscopy
Authors: Wagner Tino
Published: January 2019

We discuss the influence of external forces on the motion of the tip in dynamic atomic force microscopy (AFM). First, a compact solution for the steady-state problem is derived employing a Fourier approach. Founding on this solution, we present an analytical framework to describe the transient behavior of the tip after perturbations of tip–sample forces and the excitation signal. The static and transient solutions are then combined to obtain the baseband response of the tip, i.e., the deflection signal demodulated with respect to the excitation. The baseband response generalizes the amplitude and phase response of the tip, and we use it to find explicit formulas describing the amplitude and phase modulation following the influence of external forces on the tip. Finally, we apply our results to obtain an accurate dynamic model of the amplitude controller and phase-locked loop driving the cantilever in a frequency modulated AFM setup. A special emphasis is put on discussing the tip response in environments of high damping, such as ambient or liquid.
Reducing interfacial thermal resistance between metal and dielectric materials by a metal interlayer
Authors: Li Xiangyu , Park Wonjun , Wang Yan , Chen Yong P. , Ruan Xiulin
Published: January 2019

Interfacial thermal resistance between metal and dielectric materials is a bottleneck of the thermal management for modern integrated circuits as interface density increases with thinner films. In this work, we have observed that the interfacial resistance across gold and aluminum oxide can be reduced from 4.8×10−8m2K/W to 1.4×10−8m2K/W after adding a nickel layer in between, which represents a 70% reduction. The two temperature model is applied to explain the reduction of interfacial resistance, and the results show that the nickel layer functions as a bridge that reduces the phonon mismatch between gold and aluminum oxide. Moreover, nickel has strong electron-phonon coupling, which reduces the thermal resistance caused by the weak electron-phonon coupling in gold.
Investigation of unidirectional ultra-wideband absorption in the one-dimensional plasma photonic crystals with Thue-Morse sequence
Authors: Zhang Hai-Feng , Ma Yu , Li Wen-Yu , Liu Ting
Published: January 2019

In this work, the properties of tunable unidirectional ultra-wideband absorption for one-dimensional (1D) plasma photonic crystals (PPCs) with the Thue-Morse sequence are theoretically investigated, which consist only of eight plasma layers with two different plasma frequencies. The computed results show that whether the incident electromagnetic wave is the TM wave or the TE wave, the unidirectional ultra-wideband absorption can be observed in the proposed 1D PPCs, and the largest relative bandwidths of unidirectional absorption regions (UARs) for TM and TE waves are 128.31% and 64.16%, respectively. To study the performance of UARs, the effects of the parameters of such PPCs on the UAR are also discussed. The obtained results indicate that the tuning effects of the incident angle on the UARs for TM and TE waves are different, but similar trends of UARs for TM and TE waves can be observed when the plasma frequency and filling factor are changed, respectively.
Thickness scaling of ferroelectricity in BiFeO
3
by tomographic atomic force microscopy
Authors: Steffes James J. , Ristau Roger A. , Ramesh Ramamoorthy , Huey Bryan D.
Published: January 2019

Significance

Intrinsic and extrinsic properties of ferroelectric materials are known to have strong dependencies on electrical and mechanical boundary conditions, resulting in finite size effects at length scales below several hundred nanometers. In ferroelectric thin films, equilibrium domain size is proportional to the square root of film thickness, which precludes the use of present tomographic microscopies to accurately resolve complex domain morphologies in submicrometer films. We report a subtractive experimental technique with volumetric resolution below 315 nm
3
, that allows for three-dimensional, tomographic imaging of materials properties using only an atomic force microscope. Multiferroic BiFeO
3
was chosen as a model system for illustrating the capabilities of tomographic atomic force microscopy due to its technological relevance in low-power, electrically switchable magnetic logic.
Limits of multifunctionality in tunable networks
Authors: Rocks Jason W. , Ronellenfitsch Henrik , Liu Andrea J. , Nagel Sidney R. , Katifori Eleni
Published: January 2019

Significance

Functionally optimized networks are ubiquitous in nature, e.g., in allosteric proteins that change conformation upon binding to a ligand or vascular networks that distribute oxygen and nutrients in animals or plants. Many of these networks are multifunctional, with proteins that can catalyze more than one substrate or vascular networks that can deliver enhanced flow to more than one localized region of the network. This work investigates the question of how many simultaneous functions a given network can be designed to fulfill, uncovering a phase transition that is related to other constraint–satisfaction transitions such as the jamming transition.
Effects of knot tightness at the molecular level
Authors: Zhang Liang , Lemonnier Jean-François , Acocella Angela , Calvaresi Matteo , Zerbetto Francesco , Leigh David A.
Published: January 2019

Significance

Knots and entanglements occur in proteins, DNA, and synthetic polymers and are being used to form the basis of interwoven nanomaterials. Understanding how the tautness of molecular entanglements affects properties is crucial for the future design of knotted, woven, and entangled molecules and materials. However, while there are many theoretical studies on such systems there are very few experimental studies. Here we investigate the influence of knot tightness in a range of physical and chemical properties for three knots tied in 20-, 23-, and 26-nm closed-loop strands. We find that the tightness of the molecular knots significantly affects reactivity, conformation, and the expression of chirality.
Lexical bundles from one century to the next
Authors: Allan Rachel
Published: January 2019

This corpus study compares lexical bundles found in the language input of a selection of historical and current
English language teaching materials to see what insights they can give into changes in spoken language use. English teaching texts
published between 1905 and 1917 were used to construct a historical corpus, and a collection of English language self-study texts
published between 2004 and 2014 were used for comparison. Both groups of texts focused on spoken language. The most frequent
three-word lexical bundles extracted from each corpus varied considerably. The contemporary texts showed both a greater use of
formulaic language and more syntactic complexity within it, while the historical texts relied on simpler structures. An
exploratory analysis of the lexical bundles in the historical texts suggests, however, that viewed in conjunction with other
historical sources, they can assist in building a picture of spoken language use of the period.
Affirmatives in Early Modern English
Authors: Culpeper Jonathan
Published: January 2019

This study examines the affirmativesyes, yeaandayin Early Modern English, more specifically in the period 1560 to 1760. Affirmatives have an obvious role as responses to yes/no questions in dialogues, and so this study demanded the kind of dialogical material provided by theCorpus of English Dialogues 1560–1760. I examine the meanings and contexts of usage of each affirmative: their distribution across time and text-types, their collocates and their occurrence after positive and negative questions. The results challenge a number of issues and claims in the literature, including when the “Germanic pattern” (involvingyesandyeaafter positive or negative questions) dissolved, whetheryeaoraywere dialectal, and the timing of the rise ofayand the fall ofyea.
Microstructure of the oxide ceramics/Inconel 713C interface
Authors: Hotlos Agnieszka , Boczkal Grzegorz , Nawrocki Jacek , Ziewiec Krzysztof
Published: January 2019

Nickel-based refractory alloys are used in the aerospace industry as materials for the production of engine turbine blades obtained by the casting method. Both casting process and surface quality of the ceramic mould have a significant influence on product properties. Current research involved the investigation of interactions between oxide ceramics, forming the basic material of casting moulds and crystallisers, and Inconel 713C nickel superalloy. The wettability of ceramics by Inconel 713C was tested for the three types of materials at temperatures commonly used in the directional casting of this alloy. The oxide ceramics/Inconel 713C interfaces were examined by SEM to reveal the microstructure of phase boundary and assess the degree of degradation of the casting mould ceramic coating.
Subjective visual vertical in posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo patients before and after Canalith repositioning maneuvers
Authors: El-Minawi Mohamed Sherif , Dabbous Abeir Osman , Medhat Mariam Magdy , El-Dessokey Madkour Lamiaa Ahmed
Published: January 2019

Background:

The subjective visual vertical (SVV) is a measure of otolith-mediated verticality perception. The aim of this study was to test otolith function using the SVV in patients with posterior canal (PC) benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) before and after Epley’s Canalith repositioning maneuver (CRM).

Methodology:

This study included 20 PC BPPV patients and 20 healthy control subjects. SVV was tested using special equipment, at the time of BPPV diagnosis, then after CRM, and then 1 week after the resolution of vertigo and nystagmus. SVV was determined from clockwise (CW) and counter-clockwise (CCW) directions. The absolute average and the conventional numerical average was calculated.

Results:

Using the conventional method, there was no statistically significant difference between BPPV and their controls regarding either the CW or the CCW-SVV or the average slope. There was no statistically significant difference between CW and CCW-SVV in the patients. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean SVV values or the distribution of normal and abnormal results or the distribution of the SVV tilt between both-sided BPPV. Using the absolute average, SVV tilt was significantly higher in the patients than the controls. The preset angle affected the result. The mean SVV was significantly lower after resolution of BPPV than before treatment.

Conclusion:

Absolute SVV average was more accurate than numerical SVV average. There was a reduction of the SVV tilt after the CRM in BPPV patients. So, the SVV test can be used as a prognostic test for BPPV improvement after treatment.
Using Rates of Low Scores to Assess Agreement between Brief Computerized Neuropsychological Assessment Batteries: A Clinically-based Approach for Psychometric Comparisons
Authors: Ivins Brian J , Arrieux Jacques P , Schwab Karen A , Haran F J , Cole Wesley R
Published: January 2019

Objective

To assess agreement between four brief computerized neurocognitive assessment tools (CNTs), ANAM, CogState, CNS Vital Signs, and ImPACT, by comparing rates of low scores.

Methods

Four hundred and six US Army service members (SMs) with and without acute mild traumatic brain injury completed two randomly assigned CNTs with order of administration also randomly assigned. We performed a base rate analysis for each CNT to determine the proportions of SMs in the control and mTBI groups who had various numbers of scores that were 1.0+, 1.5+, and 2.0+ standard deviations below the normative mean. We used these results to identify a hierarchy of low score levels ranging from poorest to least poor performance. We then compared the agreement between every low score level from each CNT pair administered to the SMs.

Results

More SMs in the mTBI group had low scores on all CNTs than SMs in the control group. As performance worsened, the association with mTBI became stronger for all CNTs. Most if not all SMs who performed at the worst level on any given CNT also had low scores on the other CNTs they completed but not necessarily at an equally low level.

Conclusion

These results suggest that all of the CNTs we examined are broadly similar but still retain some psychometric differences that need to be better understood. Furthermore, the base rates of low scores we present could themselves be useful to clinicians and researchers as a guide for interpreting results from the CNTs.
Annual Fire Return Interval Influences Nutritional Carrying Capacity of White-Tailed Deer in Pine–Hardwood Forests
Authors: Glow Michael P , Ditchkoff Stephen S , Smith Mark D
Published: January 2019

Prescribed fire is a cost-effective habitat management tool in pine stands to enhance the quantity and quality of forage available for white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Management recommendations typically suggest a 3- to 5-year burn rotation in mixed pine–hardwood stands to increase quality forage production, but as fire frequency increases, forb and legume biomass increases, and woody browse decreases. A more frequent burn rotation may be a viable management option for deer managers, but there is still a lack of information regarding preferred forage and nutritional carrying capacity response to prescribed fire at these intervals. We measured the production and nutritional quality of forage within mature pine–hardwood stands after a 1- or 2-year fire-return interval during three nutritionally stressful periods for deer on a 640-acre (259-hectare) enclosure located in east-central Alabama during 2014 and 2015. These stands had previously been burned annually for over 15 years, resulting in an abundance of herbaceous vegetation. We then compared forage class biomass, nutritional carrying capacity estimates, and digestible protein between burn treatments. A 1-year fire return interval improved habitat quality to a greater degree than a 2-year fire return interval by increasing the production of forage able to support greater nutritional planes. An annual burn rotation is an effective option for managers to increase protein availability in pine–hardwood stands, but other factors such as decreased cover availability and soft mast production should also be considered.
String Principal Bundles and Courant Algebroids
Authors: Sheng Yunhe , Xu Xiaomeng , Zhu Chenchang
Published: January 2019

Just like Atiyah Lie algebroids encode the infinitesimal symmetries of principal bundles, exact Courant algebroids encode the infinitesimal symmetries of $S^1$-gerbes. At the same time, transitive Courant algebroids may be viewed as the higher analog of Atiyah Lie algebroids and the noncommutative analog of exact Courant algebroids. In this article, we explore what the “principal bundles” behind transitive Courant algebroids are, and they turn out to be principal 2-bundles of string groups. First, we construct the stack of principal 2-bundles of string groups with connection data. We prove a lifting theorem for the stack of string principal bundles with connections and show the multiplicity of the lifts once they exist. This is a differential geometrical refinement of what is known for string structures by Redden, Waldorf, and Stolz–Teichner. We also extend the result of Bressler and Chen et al. on extension obstruction involving transitive Courant algebroids to the case of transitive Courant algebroids with connections, as a lifting theorem with the description of multiplicity once liftings exist. At the end, we build a morphism between these two stacks. The morphism turns out to be neither injective nor surjective in general, which shows that the process of associating the “higher Atiyah algebroid” loses some information and at the same time, only some special transitive Courant algebroids come from string bundles.
The Second Moment of the Siegel Transform in the Space of Symplectic Lattices
Authors: Kelmer Dubi , Yu Shucheng
Published: January 2019

Using results from spectral theory of Eisenstein series, we prove a formula for the second moment of the Siegel transform when averaged over the subspace of symplectic lattices. This generalizes the classical formula of Rogers for the second moment in the full space of unimodular lattices. Using this new formula we give very strong bounds for the discrepancy of the number of lattice points in a Borel set, which hold for generic symplectic lattices.
What should we use as a measure of malaria infection risk? Implications from infant mortality during the Liberian Civil War†
Authors: Kudo Yuya
Published: January 2019

What should we use as a measure of malaria infection risk when examining its impacts on socio-economic outcomes? While endemicity is a natural candidate, it is usually endogenous. An indirect risk measure relying on climatic determinants of malaria and/or vector ecology is more exogenous; however, it may not reflect all factors representing malaria risk. This study addresses this question by focusing on the Liberian civil war. Taking a difference-in-differences approach, it first shows increased infant mortality following wartime pregnancy in malaria-endemic areas, based on respondents’ full birth histories provided by the Liberian Demographic and Health Survey (2007 and 2013). This mortality effect is robust and plausible from numerous perspectives, highlighting a country’s and/or the citizens’ diminished capability to control malaria transmission in wartime. Nevertheless, this effect does not hold once malaria suitability indexes are used as a measure of malaria risk. However, these indirect measures also did not have a relationship supposed to be ‘correct’ with a community’s temperature and precipitation. Taking these findings together with those provided by prior studies, these direct and indirect measures of malaria risk may be consistent across broad regions in explaining economic outcomes, but not necessarily within a particular country. This remark may serve as an important caution, particularly when analysing countries affected by the large-scale armed conflict and the resulting population displacement.
Introduction to This Workbook
Authors: Rashid Tayyab , Seligman Martin
Published: January 2019

Abstract: Positive psychotherapy (PPT) is a therapeutic approach that attempts to counteract symptoms with strengths, weaknesses with virtues, and deficits with skills. The human brain pays more attention and responds more strongly to negatives than to positives, and PPT helps by teaching us to build our positives. PPT practices help to assess our strengths from multiple perspectives, followed by a series of practices that help to develop “practical wisdom.” PPT is divided into three phases: (a) focuses on helping us come up with a balanced narrative by exploring our strengths from multiple perspectives; (b) focuses on building positive emotions and dealing with negative memories, experiences, and feelings; and (c) focuses on exploring positive relationships and strengthening the processes that nurture these relationships.
Session Four: A Better Version of Me
Authors: Rashid Tayyab , Seligman Martin
Published: January 2019

Session Four is the last of the sessions focusing on character strengths and looks at articulating and implementing a written plan of positive, pragmatic, and persistent self-development. The central positive psychotherapy practice covered in this session is A Better Version of Me. The chapter provides a list of readings, videos, and websites that relate to A Better Version of Me and offers a worksheet to practice the concepts learned in the chapter. The chapter also includes a real-life case study to illustrate how to write and implement a plan of self-development. Tips for using the A Better Version of Me idea are also provided.
Session Five: Open and Closed Memories
Authors: Rashid Tayyab , Seligman Martin
Published: January 2019

In Session Five, clients recall, write, and process their open and closed memories. They learn to develop skills for dealing with open memories through the positive psychotherapy (PPT) practice of Positive Appraisal. PPT refers to memories that are not fully understood and those that trigger negative emotional responses as “open memories.” Memories that ended somewhat conclusively with a positive outcome, even those entailing past challenges or difficulties, are referred to as “closed memories.” The chapter provides a list of readings, videos, and websites that relate to Positive Appraisal and offers a worksheet to practice the concepts learned in the chapter.
Session Six: Forgiveness
Authors: Rashid Tayyab , Seligman Martin
Published: January 2019

Session Six teaches clients that forgiveness is a process for change rather than an event. This session explains what forgiveness is and what it is not. The central positive psychotherapy (PPT) practices covered in this session are writing a Forgiveness Letter and REACH, which is an approach to forgiveness, as follows: Step One: R = Recall an event; Step Two: E = Empathize from the perpetrator’s point of view; Step Three: A = Altruistic gift of forgiveness; Step Four: C = Commit yourself to forgive publicly; and Step Five: H = Hold onto forgiveness. The chapter provides a list of readings, videos, and websites that relate to forgiveness and offers two worksheets to practice the concepts learned in the chapter. The chapter also includes a real-life case study about forgiveness.
Session Seven: Maximizing versus Satisficing
Authors: Rashid Tayyab , Seligman Martin
Published: January 2019

Session Seven presents clients with the concepts of maximizing, which involves aiming to make the best possible choice, and satisficing, which involves making a “good enough” choice. Clinicians will help clients figure out whether they are maximizers or satisficers. The central positive psychotherapy practice covered in this session is Toward Satisficing. The chapter provides a list of readings, videos, and websites that relate to maximizing and satisficing and offers two worksheets to practice the concepts learned in the chapter. The chapter also includes a real-life case study that illustrates how to move Toward Satisficing. Tips for moving Toward Satisficing are also provided.
Session Ten: Posttraumatic Growth
Authors: Rashid Tayyab , Seligman Martin
Published: January 2019

Following trauma, some individuals develop posttraumatic stress disorder, a serious condition requiring serious treatment. However, following trauma, most people also develop what is called posttraumatic growth (PTG). PTG entails a change of insight into the meaning of life and the importance of relationships. Session Ten invites clients to explore their deep feelings and thoughts about a traumatic experience that continues to bother them. The central positive psychotherapy practice covered in this session is Expressive Writing. The chapter provides a list of readings, videos, and websites that relate to Expressive Writing and offers a worksheet to practice the concepts learned in the chapter. The chapter also includes a real-life case study that illustrates how to engage in Expressive Writing.