bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Another Approach to Non-Repetitive Colorings of Graphs of Bounded Degree
Authors: Rosenfeld Matthieu
Published: September 2020

We propose a new proof technique that applies to the same problems as the  Lovász Local Lemma or the entropy-compression method. We present this approach in the context of non-repetitive colorings and we use it to improve upper-bounds relating different non-repetitive chromatic numbers to the maximal degree of a graph. It seems that there should be other interesting applications of the presented approach.

In terms of upper-bounds our approach seems to be as strong as entropy-compression, but the proofs are more elementary and shorter. The applications we provide in this paper are upper bounds for graphs of maximal degree at most $\Delta$: a minor improvement on the upper-bound of the non-repetitive chromatic number, a $4.25\Delta +o(\Delta)$ upper-bound on the weak total non-repetitive chromatic number, and a $ \Delta^2+\frac{3}{2^{1/3}}\Delta^{5/3}+ o(\Delta^{5/3})$ upper-bound on the total non-repetitive chromatic number of graphs. This last result implies the same upper-bound for the non-repetitive chromatic index of graphs, which improves the best known bound.
Influences of luminance contrast and ambient lighting on visual context learning and retrieval
Authors: Zang Xuelian , Huang Lingyun , Zhu Xiuna , Müller Hermann J. , Shi Zhuanghua
Published: September 2020

Invariant spatial context can guide attention and facilitate visual search, an effect referred to as “contextual cueing.” Most previous studies on contextual cueing were conducted under conditions of photopic vision and high search item to background luminance contrast, leaving open the question whether the learning and/or retrieval of context cues depends on luminance contrast and ambient lighting. Given this, we conducted three experiments (each contains two subexperiments) to compare contextual cueing under different combinations of luminance contrast (high/low) and ambient lighting (photopic/mesopic). With high-contrast displays, we found robust contextual cueing in both photopic and mesopic environments, but the acquired contextual cueing could not be transferred when the display contrast changed from high to low in the photopic environment. By contrast, with low-contrast displays, contextual facilitation manifested only in mesopic vision, and the acquired cues remained effective following a switch to high-contrast displays. This pattern suggests that, with low display contrast, contextual cueing benefited from a more global search mode, aided by the activation of the peripheral rod system in mesopic vision, but was impeded by a more local, fovea-centered search mode in photopic vision.
THE VISUAL MANIFESTATION OF THE OPTOACOUSTIC EFFECT IN FILMS ON WATER
Authors: Molkov Aleksandr A. , Ermakov Stanislav A. , Sergievskaya Irina A. , Lazareva Tatyana N. , Leshchev George V.
Published: September 2020

Recently, in the laboratory experiments we have presented effect of sound generation in air seems like «crackling» when a film on the water surface was irradiated by IR- laser radiation with a wavelength of 10.5 μm. For clean water surface, no crackling was detected. It means, that film presence significantly changed the conditions for the formation of local heating areas in water and acoustic waves emission. The sound characteristics were preliminarily investigated depending on the water temperature, the film thickness and its substance, as well as the radiation intensity. However, the effect insufficient repeatability in some experiments stimulated additional studies of the observed optoacoustic effect in order to obtain visual information about the processes occurring in the irradiated area using video recording. This study results are presented in this paper on the example of a laboratory and field experiments.
EVALUATION OF STRESSED-DEFORMED CONDITIONS OF ELEMENTS TRAVERSE WITH LOAD CAPACITY OF 160 TONS
Authors: Yablokov Alexander S. , Borunov Sergey A. , Devin Alexander D. , Shutov Vladislav V.
Published: September 2020

The article calculates the analysis of the stress-strain state of the traverse, taking into account additional loads acting in full-scale operating conditions. The presented calculation methodology is based on determining the permissible stresses and modeling the structure using the finite element method. A design scheme, a solid-deformed model have been developed, and a finite element method has been calculated in the CAD / CAE system. To determine the operating values ​​in the steel structure of the lower service, we will construct a model in natural values ​​with observance of the given characteristics and geometrical dimensions. The stress-strain state of the traverse elements is quite complex, since both compressive stresses and tensile stresses arise in one element in different planes, which are interchanged during the operation of the lifting structure. The above calculation and analysis of the strength of the metal structure of the lifting structure showed that this approach is suitable for the development on its basis of expert systems for assessing the lifespan of lifting structures, both at the stage of design and at the stage of operation
Grouns for the possibility of operation of some cargo vessels in Onezhskoe and Ladozhskoe lakes without hatch covers
Authors: Girin Stanislav N.
Published: September 2020

The requirements of the Rules of the Russian River Register on equipping cargo ships of all classes operating in the basins of Onega and Ladoga lakes with hatch covers for cargo holds are stated. The possibility of withdrawing the requirements on using hatch covers provided for by the Rules of the River Register is used by proving the equal operational safety of ships of the projects under consideration without hatch covers. The barges of projects 461G, R85, 81060, designed for loading bulk cargo by hydraulic filling and without hatch covers of cargo holds are considered. To prove the possibility of their operation in these basins without hatch covers, the results of model tests of ships in the experimental pool, as well as theoretical calculations of the total strength and emergency stability are used. The results obtained can be used by shipping companies that have vessels of these projects.
THE RATIONAL MAIN DIMENSIONS IN THE DESIGN OF HIGH-SPEED PASSENGER CATAMARANS CHOICE JUSTIFICATION
Authors: Metelitsa Sergey S.
Published: September 2020

The article considers the passenger transport features by high-speed vessels, shows the high-speed passenger catamarans share from the total number of passenger vessels under construction. The most common layout solutions brief overview used in newly built passenger catamarans design is given. Statistical data on the high-speed passenger ferries design characteristics are provided. Based on these data, a range of main dimensions and design characteristics related to this type of vessel is formulated. Recommendations are given for using the obtained empirical dependencies in the high-speed passenger catamarans designing process.
Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Activities of Methanolic Extract of Aitchisonia Rosea in Albino Mice
Authors: Rasool Shahid , Uttra Ambreen Malik , Uttra Mehreen Malik , Ahmed Faheem , Abbas Khizar
Published: September 2020

Objective:  Current analysis aims at in-vivo investigation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Aitchisonia rosea methanolic extract.

Methods: Albino mice (20-30 g) were used in the study. Extract at 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg doses was tested against egg albumin and carrageenan induced mice paw edema along with formalin persuaded paw licking and acetic acid prompted writhing for analgesic activity.

Results: Results depicted dose reliant and significant (p<0.001) inhibition of carrageenan as well as egg albumin brought paw edema, abdominal constrictions/ hind limb stretching tempted by acetic acid and formalin instigated paw licking. Capability of crude extract to halt inflammatory and analgesic response was akin to that of ibuprofen in all models.

Conclusion: The current findings support the use of Aitchisonia rosea for inflammatory conditions, which might be attributed to its previously proven high alkaloid, flavonoids, phenol, tannins content and free radical scavenging activity.
A nemzetbiztonsági képzés helyzete Magyarországon
Authors: Boda József
Published: September 2020

The author provides an overview of national security education and curricula from 1990 to 2017 in Hungary.
A Z és az alfa generációk jövője a nemzetbiztonsági szolgálatoknál
Authors: Zalai-Göbölös Noémi
Published: September 2020

The author provides an overview of the prospects and challenges of young people in the field of national security.
Terrorizmus és szervezett bűnözés, avagy profit vs. ideológia?
Authors: Csányi Csaba
Published: September 2020

Reflecting on recent Eurobarometer findings, the author focuses on the link between terrorism, organized crime and illegal migration.
Információbiztonsági kockázatmenedzsment a Nemzeti Infokommunikációs Szolgáltató Zrt. szemszögéből
Authors: Nagyné Takács Veronika
Published: September 2020

The author provides an overview of recent trends in risk management.
A kibervédelem fontossága a terrorelhárítás jelenlegi és jövőbeni rendszerében
Authors: Kasznár Attila
Published: September 2020

The author provides an overview of the role and development of cyber-security in the field of national security, in particular intelligence, cyber-protection and preventive exploration.
Az első magyar sorozatgyilkos bérgyilkosságai II.
Authors: Bezsenyi Tamás
Published: September 2020

The author provides an overview of the life story of the first Hungarian serial killer: a women taking up male identity, and, hired by their families, hanged men in the early 1920s.
INCREASING POTENTIAL OF DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS FOR CREATIVE THAI HAND-WOVEN TEXTILE PRODUCTS IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY
Authors: Chai-Arayalert Supaporn , Suttapong Ketsaraporn
Published: September 2020

The research was to investigate the omni-channel distribution system for the weaving community enterprises. This research was qualitative, utilizing a case study approach. The results identify the limitations of selling creative products only through physical stores, which are unable to respond to customers’ purchasing behaviors and needs. Nevertheless, the online channel alone cannot communicate the delicacy of handmade woven products through digital media since they need to be touched and worn to be fully appreciated. This dichotomy led to the design and development of the first version of the system. The research encourages the weaving community enterprises to widen their market in order to be able to compete in digital economy. It provides valuable practical insights into local weaving community enterprises and their ability to market their creative products in the digital era. This research fills a gap in the literature relating to the customer journey and the integration of distribution channels and sheds light on the need for local weaving community enterprises to adapt to the current market conditions.
The Sizes of z ∼ 9−10 Galaxies Identified in the Brightest of Reionizing Galaxies (BoRG) Survey
Authors: Holwerda Benne W. , Bridge Joanna S. , Steele Rebecca L. , Kusmic Samir , Bradley Larry , Livermore Rachael , Bernard Stephanie , Jacques Alice
Published: September 2020

Redshift z = 9–10 object selection is the effective limit of Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging capability, even when confirmed with Spitzer. If only a few photometry data points are available, it becomes attractive to add criteria based on their morphology in these J- and H-band images. One could do so through visual inspection, a size criterion, or alternate morphometrics. We explore a vetted sample of Brightest of Reionizing Galaxies (BoRG) z ∼ 9 and z ∼ 10 candidate galaxies and the object rejected by Morishita+ to explore the utility of a size criterion in z = 9–10 candidate selection. A stringent, point-spread function (PSF)-corrected effective radius criterion (

) would result in the rejection of 65%–70% of the interlopers visually rejected by Morishita et al. It may also remove up to ∼20% of bona fide brightest (

) z = 9 or 10 candidates from a BoRG selected sample based on the Mason et al. luminosity functions, assuming the Holwerda et al.

size–luminosity relation. We argue that including a size constraint in lieu of a visual inspection may serve in wide-field searches for these objects in, e.g., Euclid or HST archival imaging with the understanding that some brightest (

) candidates may be missed. The sizes of the candidates found by Morishita et al. follow the expected size distribution of z ∼ 9 for bright galaxies, consistent with the log normal in Shibuya et al. and single objects. Two candidates show high star formation surface density (

) and all merit further investigation and follow-up observations.
Systematic Phase Curve Study of Known Transiting Systems from Year One of the TESS Mission
Authors: Wong Ian , Shporer Avi , Daylan Tansu , Benneke Björn , Fetherolf Tara , Kane Stephen R. , Ricker George R. , Vanderspek Roland , Latham David W. , Winn Joshua N. , Jenkins Jon M. , Boyd Patricia T. , Glidden Ana , Goeke Robert F. , Sha Lizhou , Ting Eric B. , Yahalomi Daniel
Published: September 2020

We present a systematic phase curve analysis of known transiting systems observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) during year one of the primary mission. Using theoretical predictions for the amplitude of the planetary longitudinal atmospheric brightness modulation, stellar ellipsoidal distortion and Doppler boosting, as well as brightness considerations to select targets with likely detectable signals, we applied a uniform data processing and light-curve modeling framework to fit the full-orbit phase curves of 22 transiting systems with planet-mass or brown dwarf companions, including previously published systems. Statistically significant secondary eclipse depths and/or atmospheric brightness modulation amplitudes were measured for HIP 65A, WASP-18, WASP-19, WASP-72, WASP-100, WASP-111, WASP-121, and WASP-122/KELT-14. For WASP-100b, we found marginal evidence that the brightest region of the atmosphere is shifted eastward away from the substellar point. We detected significant ellipsoidal distortion signals in the light curves of HIP 65A, TOI-503, WASP-18, and WASP-30, with HIP 65A, TOI-503 and WASP-18 also exhibiting Doppler boosting. The measured amplitudes of these signals agree with the predictions of theoretical models. Combining the optical secondary eclipse depths with previously published Spitzer 3.6 and 4.5 μm measurements, we derived dayside brightness temperatures and visible-light geometric albedos for a subset of the analyzed systems. We also calculated updated transit ephemerides combining the transit timings from the TESS light curves with previous literature values.
Discovery of a Nearby Young Brown Dwarf Disk
Authors: Schutte Maria C. , Lawson Kellen D. , Wisniewski John P. , Kuchner Marc J. , Silverberg Steven M. , Faherty Jacqueline K. , Bardalez Gagliuffi Daniella C. , Kiman Rocio , Gagné Jonathan , Meisner Aaron , Schneider Adam C. , Bans Alissa S. , Debes John H. , Kovacevic Natalie , Bosch Milton K. D. , Durantini Luca Hugo A. , Holden Jonathan , Hyogo Michiharu ,   The Disk Detective Collaboration
Published: September 2020

We report the discovery of the youngest brown dwarf with a disk at 102 pc from the Sun, WISEA J120037.79−784508.3 (W1200−7845), via the Disk Detective citizen science project. We establish that W1200−7845 is located in the

Myr old ε Cha association. Its spectral energy distribution (SED) exhibits clear evidence of an infrared (IR) excess, indicative of the presence of a warm circumstellar disk. Modeling this warm disk, we find the data are best fit using a power-law description with a slope α = −0.94, which suggests that it is a young, Class II type disk. Using a single blackbody disk fit, we find

and

. The near-IR spectrum of W1200−7845 matches a spectral type of M6.0

0.5, which corresponds to a low surface gravity object, and lacks distinctive signatures of strong Paβ or Brγ accretion. Both our SED fitting and spectral analysis indicate that the source is cool (T
eff = 2784–2850 K), with a mass of 42–58 M
Jup, well within the brown dwarf regime. The proximity of this young brown dwarf disk makes the system an ideal benchmark for investigating the formation and early evolution of brown dwarfs.
The Nebula N103B in the LMC Contains Parts of Two Supernova Remnants
Authors: Dickel John R.
Published: September 2020

The nebula N103B in the Large Magellanic Cloud consists of a previously identified small diameter supernova remnant (SNR) on its northeastern edge and a bright eastern arc with a fainter western shell together covering a total of about 8 × 5′ at the canonical distance of 50 kpc. The latter also has a nonthermal radio spectrum and is apparently another SNR. I propose that the small bright northeastern SNR be renamed N103B-NE and the newly identified large SNR be called N103B-extended.
Massive Black Holes Regulated by Luminous Blue Variable Mass Loss and Magnetic Fields
Authors: Groh Jose H. , Farrell Eoin J. , Meynet Georges , Smith Nathan , Murphy Laura , Allan Andrew P. , Georgy Cyril , Ekstroem Sylvia
Published: September 2020

We investigate the effects of mass loss during the main-sequence (MS) and post-MS phases of massive star evolution on black hole (BH) birth masses. We compute solar metallicity Geneva stellar evolution models of an 85

star with mass-loss rate (

) prescriptions for MS and post-MS phases and analyze under which conditions such models could lead to very massive BHs. Based on the observational constraints for

of luminous stars, we discuss two possible scenarios that could produce massive BHs at high metallicity. First, if a massive BH progenitor evolves from the observed population of massive MS stars known as WNh stars, we show that its average post-MS mass-loss rate has to be less than

. However, this is lower than the typical observed mass-loss rates of luminous blue variables (LBV). Second, a massive BH progenitor could evolve from a yet undetected population of 80–85

stars with strong surface magnetic fields, which could quench mass loss during the evolution. In this case, the average mass-loss rate during the post-MS LBV phase has to be less than 5 × 10−5

to produce 70

BHs. We suggest that LBVs that explode as SNe have large envelopes and small cores that could be prone to explosion, possibly evolving from binary interaction (either mergers or mass gainers that do not fully mix). Conversely, LBVs that directly collapse to BHs could have evolved from massive single stars or binary-star mergers that fully mix, possessing large cores that would favor BH formation.
Solar Wind Turbulence from 1 to 45 au. II. Analysis of Inertial-range Fluctuations Using Voyager and ACE Observations
Authors: Pine Zackary B. , Smith Charles W. , Hollick Sophia J. , Argall Matthew R. , Vasquez Bernard J. , Isenberg Philip A. , Schwadron Nathan A. , Joyce Colin J. , Sokół Justyna M. , Bzowski Maciej , Kubiak Marzena A. , Hamilton Kathleen E. , McLaurin Megan L. , Leamon Robert J.
Published: September 2020

We examine both Voyager and Advanced Composition Explorer magnetic field measurements at frequencies that characterize the inertial range using traditional polarization techniques that are designed to characterize plasma waves. Although we find good agreement with both the anticipated spectral index of the power spectrum and the scaling of magnetic power with heliocentric distance, we do not find that the polarization analyses yield results that can be readily described by plasma wave theory. The fluctuations are not circularly polarized and there is a markedly reduced coherence between the components of the fluctuation. The degree of polarization is also generally low, although not as low as the coherence, and the minimum variance direction is essentially random. We conclude that traditional plasma wave theory may not offer a good description for inertial-range fluctuations.
Solar Wind Turbulence from 1 to 45 au. I. Evidence for Dissipation of Magnetic Fluctuations Using Voyager and ACE Observations
Authors: Pine Zackary B. , Smith Charles W. , Hollick Sophia J. , Argall Matthew R. , Vasquez Bernard J. , Isenberg Philip A. , Schwadron Nathan A. , Joyce Colin J. , Sokół Justyna M. , Bzowski Maciej , Kubiak Marzena A. , Hamilton Kathleen E. , McLaurin Megan L. , Leamon Robert J.
Published: September 2020

As part of a published effort to study low-frequency magnetic waves excited by newborn interstellar pickup ions seen by the Voyager spacecraft, we developed a set of control intervals that represent the background turbulence when the observations are not dominated by wave excitation. This paper begins an effort to better understand solar wind turbulence from 1 to 45 au while spanning greater than one solar cycle. We first focus on the diagnostics marking the onset of dissipation. This includes an expected break in the power spectrum at frequencies greater than the proton cyclotron frequency and a resultant steepening of the spectrum at higher frequencies. Contrary to what is established at 1 au, we only see the spectral break in rare instances. The expected scaling of the spectral index with the turbulence rate is seen, but it is not as clearly established as it was at 1 au. We also find that both Voyager data from 1 to 45 au and Advanced Composition Explorer data from 1 au show significant bias of the magnetic helicity at dissipation scales when the dissipation-range power-law spectral index steepens. We conclude that dissipation dynamics are similar throughout the heliosphere in so far as we have examined to date.
Solar Wind Turbulence from 1 to 45 au. V. Data Intervals from the Voyager Observations
Authors: Pine Zackary B. , Smith Charles W. , Hollick Sophia J. , Argall Matthew R. , Vasquez Bernard J. , Isenberg Philip A. , Schwadron Nathan A. , Joyce Colin J. , Sokół Justyna M. , Bzowski Maciej , Kubiak Marzena A. , McLaurin Megan L.
Published: September 2020

We have surveyed the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft magnetic field data from launch in 1977 through 1990 using daily spectrograms to find suitably long data intervals and to eliminate times near transients or strong gradients that might not represent homogeneous turbulence intervals. In the process, we have also omitted times when waves due to suprathermal particle populations such as interstellar pickup ions can be seen. Our goal was to construct a database of interplanetary magnetic field spectra that could be used in our companion papers to study the properties of the inertial and dissipation range of interplanetary turbulence. Here, we list those data intervals along with their heliocentric distance, latitude, and longitude as well as the angle between the mean magnetic field and the radial direction. Furthermore, we show the mean plasma parameters for the intervals listed. We invite others to use these listings in their associated studies.
Alternative High-plasma Beta Regimes of Electron Heat-flux Instabilities in the Solar Wind
Authors: López R. A. , Lazar M. , Shaaban S. M. , Poedts S. , Moya P. S.
Published: September 2020

Heat transport in the solar wind is dominated by suprathermal electron populations, i.e., a tenuous halo and a field-aligned beam/strahl, with high energies and antisunward drifts along the magnetic field. Their evolution may offer plausible explanations for the rapid decrease of the heat flux with the solar wind expansion, and self-generated instabilities, or so-called “heat flux instabilities” (HFIs), are typically invoked to explain this evolution. This Letter provides a unified description of the full spectrum of HFIs, as prescribed by the linear kinetic theory for high beta conditions (β

e
 ≫ 0.1) and different relative drifts (U) of the suprathermals. HFIs of different natures are examined, i.e., electromagnetic, electrostatic or hybrid, propagating parallel or obliquely to the magnetic field, etc., as well as their regimes of interplay (co-existence) or dominance. These alternative regimes of HFIs complement each other and may be characteristic of different relative drifts of suprathermal electrons and various conditions in the solar wind, e.g., in the slow or fast winds, streaming interaction regions, and interplanetary shocks. Moreover, these results strongly suggest that heat flux regulation may not involve just one but several HFIs, concomitantly or successively in time. Conditions for a single, well-defined instability with major effects on the suprathermal electrons and, implicitly, the heat flux, seem to be very limited. Whistler HFIs are more likely to occur but only for minor drifts (as also reported by recent observations), which may explain a modest implication in their regulation, shown already in quasilinear studies and numerical simulations.
PIC Simulations of Microinstabilities and Waves at Near-Sun Solar Wind Perpendicular Shocks: Predictions for Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter
Authors: Yang Zhongwei , Liu Ying D. , Matsukiyo Shuichi , Lu Quanming , Guo Fan , Liu Mingzhe , Xie Huasheng , Gao Xinliang , Guo Jun
Published: September 2020

Microinstabilities and waves excited at moderate-Mach-number perpendicular shocks in the near-Sun solar wind are investigated by full particle-in-cell simulations. By analyzing the dispersion relation of fluctuating field components directly issued from the shock simulation, we obtain key findings concerning wave excitations at the shock front: (1) at the leading edge of the foot, two types of electrostatic (ES) waves are observed. The relative drift of the reflected ions versus the electrons triggers an electron cyclotron drift instability (ECDI) that excites the first ES wave. Because the bulk velocity of gyro-reflected ions shifts to the direction of the shock front, the resulting ES wave propagates oblique to the shock normal. Immediately, a fraction of incident electrons are accelerated by this ES wave and a ring-like velocity distribution is generated. They can couple with the hot Maxwellian core and excite the second ES wave around the upper hybrid frequency. (2) From the middle of the foot all the way to the ramp, electrons can couple with both incident and reflected ions. ES waves excited by ECDI in different directions propagate across each other. Electromagnetic (EM) waves (X mode) emitted toward upstream are observed in both regions. They are probably induced by a small fraction of relativistic electrons. Results shed new insight on the mechanism for the occurrence of ES wave excitations and possible EM wave emissions at young coronal mass ejection–driven shocks in the near-Sun solar wind.
A First-principle Model for Polarization Swings during Reconnection-powered Flares
Authors: Hosking David N. , Sironi Lorenzo
Published: September 2020

We show that magnetic reconnection in a magnetically dominated fast-cooling plasma can naturally produce bright flares accompanied by rotations in the synchrotron polarization vector. With particle-in-cell simulations of reconnection, we find that flares are powered by efficient particle acceleration at the interface of merging magnetic flux ropes, or “plasmoids.” The accelerated particles stream through the post-merger plasmoid toward the observer, thus progressively illuminating regions with varying plane-of-sky field direction, and so leading to a rotation in the observed polarization vector. Our results provide evidence for magnetic reconnection as the physical cause of high-energy flares from the relativistic jets of blazars (which recent observations have shown to be frequently associated with polarization rotations), and provide a first-principle physical mechanism for such flares.
Didymocarpus phuquocensis, a new species of Gesneriaceae from Phu Quoc Island, South-western Vietnam
Authors: Tran Thi-Lien , Ly Ngoc-Sam , Tran Minh-Ngoc , Nguyen Xuan-Truong , Cao Ngoc-Giang , Pham Hong-Dung
Published: September 2020

A new species of Gesneriaceae, Didymocarpus phuquocensis, is described and illustrated from Phu Quoc National Park, Kien Giang Province, South-western Vietnam. It is most similar to D. pulcher, D. hookeri and D. punduanus in having 3-verticillate petiolate leaves, morphologically similar calyx, corolla, stamens, pistil and fruit, but differs from all in the glandular-pubescent stems, petioles and leaf blades, 1(–2)-flowered cymes, longer corolla and fruit and longer and densely glandular-puberulent ovary. Data on distribution, ecology, phenology and provisional conservation assessment of the new species are given along with an illustration and a colour plate.
Taxonomic innovations in South American Selaginella (Selaginellaceae, Lycopodiophyta): description of five new species and an additional range extension
Authors: Valdespino Iván A.
Published: September 2020

Five Selaginella species (i.e, S. gioiae, S. papillosa, S. pubimarginata, S. rostrata, and S. xanthoneura) from Neotropical rainforests of South America are described and illustrated as new, while S. surucucusensis, originally recorded only from Brazil, is redefined to account for species’ morphological characters throughout its expanded distribution range and also a novel illustration is provided for it. Inferred taxonomic affinities and conservation assessment are offered for species here treated. Selaginella gioiae is native to Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, and S. xanthoneura is so far only known in Colombia, whereas S. surucucusensis is now known to occur in Colombia and Venezuela in the north-central part of South America. These three species are included in the “Selaginella flabellata group” based on their habit, stem shape, rhizophores position, and mega- and microspores color, and ornamentation. Selaginella papillosa, S. pubimarginata, and S. rostrata are native to Venezuela. Selaginella papillosa and S. pubimarginata morphologically belong in the “Selaginella deltoides group” based on their habit, stem type, shape of lateral leaves and their indument type distributed on upper surface of the leaf lamina. On the other hand, S. rostrata is considered to be a member of the “Selaginella microdonta group,” which is centered in the Guiana Highlands, based on its habit, stem type, and leaf size and shape, and for which a key to identify species is provided. Finally, all species threated here are classified in subg. Stachygynandrum based on their heteromorphic leaves, mostly quadrangular strobili, and monomorphic sporophylls shape (except for S. rostrata that has slightly dorsiventral and flattened strobili with somewhat heteromorphic sporophylls).
A new species of Chrysosplenium (Saxifragaceae) from Shaanxi, north-western China
Authors: Fu Long-Fei , Liao Rui , Lan De-Qing , Wen Fang , Liu Hong
Published: September 2020

Chrysosplenium zhouzhiense Hong Liu, a new species from Shaanxi, north-western China, is described and photographed. The new species belongs to Subgen. Gamosplenium Sect. Nephrophylloides Ser. Macrophylla and is most similar to C. macrophyllum and C. zhangjiajieense from which it differs by having a shorter stem, rhizome absent, basal leaf absent, sterile branch arising from the flowering stem and a light yellow flower with longer stamen. A global conservation assessment is performed and classifies C. zhouzhiense as Endangered (EN).
Assessing the sport-specific and functional characteristics of back pain in horse riders
Authors: Deckers I. , De Bruyne C. , Roussel N.A. , Truijen S. , Minguet P. , Lewis V. , Wilkins C. , Van Breda E.
Published: September 2020

Currently, no standardised screening tools nor established interventions are available to address the characteristics of back pain (BP) specifically in horse riders. Therefore, the aim of this case-control study is to explore sport-specific and functional characteristics of BP in horse riders. 16 professional and 16 amateur riders (25±7 years) participated in two questionnaires (a sport-specific questionnaire and the Oswestry Disability Index questionnaire) and were examined via the physical functional movement screening (FMS) and Luomajoki’s motor control (MC) screening. The lifetime prevalence of BP was as high as 81%, and spinal discomfort in horse riders was mainly located in the lumbar spine. Professional riders revealed significantly higher prevalence of BP in the last month before assessment (P=0.014) than amateur riders. Compared to horse riders using dressage or multiple saddle types, show jumping riders (n=10) who only use jumping saddles (P=0.027) also revealed higher BP prevalence. Horse riders with lower scores on the FMS and MC screening, and thereby with more movement dysfunctions, were found to experience higher levels of pain (r=-0.582, P=0.001; r=-0.404, P=0.024, respectively) and disability caused by BP (r=-0.688; P<0.001; r=-0.474; P=0.006, respectively). Both physical screening tools are found to be clinically relevant enabling investigators to identify objective functional characteristics related to BP in horse riders. The high prevalence of BP in riders is a clinically important finding that should be explored further to elucidate the causes and subsequently guide occupational health in horse riders.
Effect of a 4-week fish oil supplementation on neuromuscular performance after exhaustive exercise in young healthy men
Authors: Serajian A. , Nourshahi M. , LaVoy E. , Eliaspour D. , Rajabi H. , Kondalaji R. Zekri
Published: September 2020

Neuromuscular function is one of the important factors affecting athletic performance. Previous studies have shown that fish oil supplementation can improve performance. This study investigated the effect of fish oil on neuromuscular performance after exhausting exercise. Eighteen healthy men (mean ± standard deviation; age 26.9±2.6 years; weight 78.33±10.42 kg; height 175.8±4.9 cm; body fat percentage 18.40±5.46%) voluntarily participated and were randomly assigned to fish and corn oil groups in a double blind manner. Participants received 6 g/day of oil for 4 weeks, while maintaining baseline diet and training status during the study. Changes in maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of the tibialis anterior muscle, neuromuscular propagation of tibialis anterior muscle (M-wave), corticospinal excitability (MEP: motor evoked potential), and the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were evaluated before and after supplementation in response to a modified Bruce exhausting protocol. Group differences in changes in each variable following supplementation were assessed by two-way analysis of variances (ANOVA). Compared to corn oil, fish oil demonstrated less perceived exertion at the end of exhaustive exercise (F=9.72, P=0.001) after supplementation, and normalised MEP to M-wave showed a trend (F=3.83, P=0.071). However, M-wave peak to peak amplitudes changes were not significant between the groups (P>0.05). In addition, significant differences were observed between baseline MVC values of the group following supplementation. Thus, it seems that fish oil can improve corticospinal excitability, thereby improving neuromuscular function in exhausting activities. Therefore, fish oil supplementation may be recommended to increase performance in activities otherwise limited. However, the mechanism underlying this effect remains to be elucidated.
Effect of inspiratory muscle training in hypercapnic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients during acute care: a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Saher T. , Moiz J.A. , Bhati P. , Ali M.S. , Talwar D.
Published: September 2020

Weakness of respiratory muscles along with respiratory failure is a common finding in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients which leads to dyspnoea and hence decreased functional capacity. Despite a sound theoretical rationale regarding the potential role of inspiratory muscles, the role of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) along with the conventional non-invasive ventilation (NIV) on important clinical outcomes has not been investigated in these patients during acute care. 34 hypercapnic stable COPD patients were randomly allocated to one of the interventions that lasted for 10 days: IMT with NIV (n=17), and NIV alone (n=17). IMT was administered 2 times in a day (15 min each time) by threshold loading at an intensity starting from 30% and progressed to 60% of their maximal inspiratory effort (PImax). NIV was given at an optimal pressure titrated for each patient for at least >8 h per day. Outcome measures (respiratory muscle strength, respiratory failure, dyspnoea, and functional capacity) were assessed before and after 10 days of intervention. Clinical characteristics and outcome variables of patients were similar between the groups at baseline. Addition of IMT led to a significantly greater increase in respiratory muscle strength (P=0.01), reduction in dyspnea (modified medical research council dyspnea scale, P=0.001); improved outcomes of respiratory failure (PaCO2, P=0.03; PaO2, P=0.002) and improved functional capacity (6 min walk distance, P=0.001) as compared to NIV alone. A short duration IMT program in addition to NIV was found to be effective in improving respiratory muscle strength, perception of dyspnoea, functional capacity and respiratory failure in hypercapnic COPD patients.
Validation of an equine fitness tracker: heart rate and heart rate variability
Authors: ter Woort F. , Dubois G. , Didier M. , Van Erck-Westergren E.
Published: September 2020

The adoption of fitness tracker devices to monitor training in the equine market is in full expansion. However, the validity of most of these devices has not been assessed. The aim of this study was to examine the validity of heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) measurements during high-intensity exercise by an integrated equine fitness tracker with an electrocardiogram (ECG) (Equimetre) in comparison to an ECG device (Televet). Twenty Thoroughbred racehorses were equipped with the two devices and completed a training session at the track. Data from 18 horses was readable to be analysed. Equimetre HR was compared to Televet HR derived from the corrected Televet ECG. HRV parameters were computed in a dedicated software (Kubios) on uncorrected and manually corrected ECG from both devices, and compared to the Televet corrected data. The HR was recorded on the entire training session and HRV parameters were calculated during the exercise and recovery periods. A strong correlation between the Equimetre HR and Televet HR on corrected data was found (Pearson correlation: r=0.992, P<0.001; root mean square error = 4.06 bpm). For HRV, the correlation was good for all parameters when comparing corrected Equimetre to corrected Televet data (Lin’s coefficient = 0.998). When comparing data obtained from uncorrected Equimetre data to the corrected Televet data, the correlation for HR was still good (Lin’s coefficient = 0.995) but the correlation for all HRV parameters was poor, except for the triangular index (Lin’s coefficient = 0.995). However, correlation between the uncorrected Televet HRV data and the corrected Televet data was equally poor (Lin’s coefficient <0.9). In conclusion, the integrated equine fitness tracker Equimetre satisfies validity criteria for HR monitoring in horses during high intensity exercise. When using corrected ECG data, it provides accurate HRV parameters as well.
A Cross-Species Reactive TIGIT-Blocking Antibody Fc Dependently Confers Potent Antitumor Effects
Authors: Yang Fang , Zhao Linlin , Wei Zhizhong , Yang Yajing , Liu Juan , Li Yulu , Tian Xinxin , Liu Ximing , Lü Xueyuan , Sui Jianhua
Published: September 2020

The T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) has been shown to exert inhibitory roles in antitumor immune responses. In this study, we report the development of a human mAb, T4, which recognizes both human and mouse TIGIT and blocks the interaction of TIGIT with its ligand CD155 in both species. The T4 Ab targets the segment connecting F and G strands of TIGIT’s extracellular IgV domain, and we show in studies with mouse tumor models that the T4 Ab exerts strong antitumor activity and induces durable immune memory against various tumor types. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that the T4 Ab’s antitumor effects are mediated via multiple immunological impacts, including a CD8+ T immune response and Fc-mediated effector functions, through NK cells that cause significant reduction in the frequency of intratumoral T regulatory cells (Tregs). Notably, this Treg reduction apparently activates additional antitumor CD8+ T cell responses, targeting tumor-shared Ags that are normally cryptic or suppressed by Tregs, thus conferring cross-tumor immune memory. Subsequent engineering for Fc variants of the T4 Ab with enhanced Fc-mediated effector functions yielded yet further improvements in antitumor efficacy. Thus, beyond demonstrating the T4 Ab as a promising candidate for the development of cancer immunotherapies, our study illustrates how the therapeutic efficacy of an anti-TIGIT Ab can be improved by enhancing Fc-mediated immune effector functions. Our insights about the multiple mechanisms of action of the T4 Ab and its Fc variants should help in developing new strategies that can realize the full clinical potential of anti-TIGIT Ab therapies.
Antibodies against Phosphorylcholine and Malondialdehyde during the First Two Years of Life
Authors: Thiagarajan Divya , Lundström Susanna L. , Pershagen Göran , Almqvist Catarina , Andolf Ellika , Hedman Anna , Berg Oscar , Oparina Nina , Frostegård Johan
Published: September 2020

Abs against phosphorylcholine (anti-PC) and Abs against malondialdehyde (anti-MDA) may be protective in chronic inflammation, like atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. It is not known how they develop early in life. Ab titers were measured using ELISA in healthy women (n = 105; born into life study) and their children. Plasma samples were collected from the mothers before conception and from the children at birth as well as at 1 and 2 y after birth. Extracted Abs were compared using a proteomics de novo sequencing approach. It was observed that children were born with very low levels of IgM anti-PC, whereas IgM anti-MDA was present at birth. Both IgM anti-PC and anti-MDA increased during the first 2 y of life, but IgM anti-PC in contrast to IgM anti-MDA was still significantly lower than in the mothers. IgG anti-PC decreased after 1 y but reached similar levels as mothers’ after 2 y, whereas IgG anti-MDA reached similar levels as mothers’ already after 1 y. Proteomics peptide sequencing analysis indicated large peptide sequence variation without specific clone expression during the early stage of life compared with the adult stage for which specific peptide sequences dominated. IgM anti-PC levels develop much slower than anti-MDA and are still relatively low at 2 y. We hypothesize that anti-PC is developed by a combination of preprogramming and exposure to the external world, in which infectious agents may play a role. For anti-MDA, preprogramming is likely to play a major role and at an earlier stage than for anti-PC.
Folic acid usage and its associated factors among antenatal attendees in a tertiary health facility: Implications for child health
Authors: Obarisiagbon Otaniyenuwa Eloghosa , Ogboghodo Esohe Olivia
Published: September 2020

Globally, an estimated two billion people are affected by deficiencies of essential vitamins and minerals, notably folic acid, which negatively impacts on health and economic development. Maternal folate deficiency is associated with neural tube defects. Thus, getting enough folic acid is important for the rapid cell growth of the placenta and the developing fetus. The objective of this study is to assess the practice of folic acid and its associated factors among pregnant women in University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH). A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 400 pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at UBTH, selected using a systematic sampling technique. Data was obtained using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and analyzed with IBM SPSS version 21.0 software. The level of significance was set at P<0.05. The mean age of the respondents was 28.7 (4.2) years. Majority 348 (87.0%) of the respondents had a good practice score of folic acid usage. The factors associated with the practice of folic acid were age (P<0.01), socioeconomic status (P<0.01), and parity, (P<0.01). The determinants of folic acid intake were spouse’s level of education (P<0.001), and planned pregnancy (P<0.001). The majority of the respondents had a good practice of folic acid usage, and the determinants of practice were spouse’s level of education and planned pregnancy. Health education is encouraged to sustain the good practice of folic acid use to prevent neural tube defects.
An improved method for preparation of mouse retinal cryosections
Authors: Li Ling , Lin Yongqiong , Yang Fang , Zou Tongdan , Yang Jialiang , Zhang Houbin
Published: September 2020

Immunohistochemistry using mouse retinal cryosections is a routine assay used in vision research. However, retinal tissues are fragile, and it is difficult to obtain an ideal retinal cryosection. Here, we developed a modified method for preparing retinal cryosection. Super Glue was applied on the surface of the sclera before the cornea and the lens are removed from either the unfixed or PFA-fixed mouse eyeballs. The new methods largely prevented retinal detachment in mouse retinal cryosections. Immunostaining of retinal cryosections derived from PFA-fixed mouse eyes using rod and cone markers yielded high-quality immunofluorescent images. Immunolabeling of retinal cryosections obtained from unfixed mouse eyes using a cilium-specific marker had improved orientations of photoreceptor connecting cilia. This new method substantially improves the morphology and immunostaining results of fixed and unfixed mouse eyes.
Edmondo Malan
Authors: Agus Giovanni B.
Published: September 2020

This paper is part of the monographic issue: ‘Did the Masters of the past know the future? History and update of Italian Phlebolymphology’

Guest editor: Alberto Macciò (Phlebology - Part I edited by G. Agus; Phlebology - Part II edited by P. Bonadeo; Lymphology edited by F. Boccardo)
Professor Rudolph Darko
Authors: Ofori-Adjei David
Published: September 2020

Professor Rudolph Darko was born on April 5 1948 and passed away on February 23 2020. He was a general surgeon with a particular interest in gastroenterology and gastrointestinal endoscopy.At the time of his demise Professor Darko was an Associate Professor in the Department of Surgery, University of Ghana School of Medicine. He took up his teaching appointment in 1989 as a Lecturer and General Surgical specialist.
Determining the potential of mobilephone-based health interventions in Kumasi, Ghana
Authors: Stephani Victor , Opoku Daniel , Otupiri Easmon
Published: September 2020

Background: Numerous reviews have reported generally positive outcomes of mobile phone-based health (mHealth) interventions in the sub-Saharan African countries, especially for people with non-communicable diseases. At the same time, the mHealth landscape is burdened by a lack of sustainability. A recently published review has identified several context factors that influence the successful implementation of mHealth. Therefore, the aim is to use these contextual factors to assess the potential for mHealth in a particular clinical setting.Design: The study used a cross-sectional, descriptive design.Setting: The clinical setting of the study was the ‘Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital’ in Kumasi, Ghana.Participants: 150 patients attending the diabetes clinic were surveyed.Main outcome measures: Context factors that influence the perceived usefulness and ease of use of mHealth.Results: The survey revealed that patients at the diabetes centre had a positive attitude towards mobile phones, but also a low familiarity. Whereas patients faced several access barriers to care, most enabling resources for the successfuland sustainable implementation of mHealth interventions such as access to mobile phones and electricity were available.Conclusions: There is a high potential for mHealth in the setting of the diabetes clinic in Kumasi, Ghana.Keywords: Ghana, mHealth, Diabetes, potentialFunding: None Declared