bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMUNITAS MATERNAL TERHADAP Aeromonas hydrophila: PENGARUHNYATERHADAP FEKUNDITAS DAN DAYA TETAS IKAN PATIN SIAM (Pangasionodon hypophthalmus)
Authors: Hadie Wartono , Lusiastuti Angela Mariana , Sularto Sularto , Tahapari Evi
Published: November 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemakaian vaksin Aeromonas hydrophila terhadap fekunditas dan daya tetas ikan patin siam, Pangasionodon hypophthalmus. Perlakuan yang diberikan ialah vaksin Aeromonas (hydrovac®) dengan dosis 0,4 mL/kg bobot induk. Pada perlakuan menggunakan ajuvan dengan perbandingan 1:1 antara vaksin dan ajuvan. Injeksi dilakukan secara intra peritoneal, masing-masing pada tiga induk betina dengan ajuvan dan tiga induk betina tanpa ajuvan. Injeksi dilakukan pada tingkat kematangan gonad kedua TKG II. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada serum induk dan ekstrak telur terdeteksi secara positif adanya antibodi, baik pada perlakuan ajuvan (VA) maupun tanpa ajuvan (VNA). Vaksinasi dapat meningkatkan fekunditas hingga 31% dan meningkatkan daya tetas hingga 13%.The aims of this research are to determine the influence of Aeromonas hydrophila vaccines against fecundity and hatchability Pangasionodon hypophthalmus Siamese catfish. Treatment of Aeromonas vaccine is given (hydrovac®) with a dose of 0.4 mL per kg of body weight. The adjuvant which use for treatment with a ratio of 1:1 between vaccines and adjuvants. Intra-peritoneal injection is done, each on three female parent with adjuvant and three female parent without adjuvant. Injection is performed at the level of gonad maturity II. Results showed that the serum of carriers and egg extracts is positively detected the existence of antibodies, both in adjuvant treatment (VA) or without adjuvant (VNA). Vaccination could increase fecundity up to 31% and increases up to 13% hatchability.
Measuring competence: Validating a new Pelvic Assessment Tool (The PEAT Study)
Authors: Janjua Aisha , Chu Justin , Smith Paul , Clark T Justin
Published: November 2016

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. IntroductionMedical students are required by the General Medical Council to be proficient in performing a full female pelvic examination (FPE) prior to graduating as doctors. However, many UK medical schools do not conduct a formal summative assessment. Exploration of three electronic databases found no citations evaluating an assessment tool for pelvic examination. Methods The 'PEAT' was developed with an evidence-based literature search and consists of six domains, evaluating attitudes; inspection; bimanual palpation; adnexal examination; speculum; communication; and a global score using a 10cm visual analogue scale. 60 participants including final year medical students and junior doctors were divided into three groups of 20 according to their experience in performing gynaecological examination. Each participant performed a pelvic examination with a role player and pelvic model, which was video recorded. 20 Consultant assessors, who were blinded to the level of experience, used the PEAT for 15 video clips with a mix of participants from each group. Assessors also completed a questionnaire about the utility, relevance and face validity of the PEAT. The inter-assessor reliability of the PEAT was calculated using Cronbach's alpha. Statistical analysis was performed for continuous variables using the Student t-test.Results8/20 (40%) assessors returned their assessment packs. There was a significant increase in the mean score in the 'inspection' domain for novice compared with experienced students (p=0.02). A significant decrease was seen in the mean score for 'adnexal examination' for novice and experienced students compared with junior doctors (p=0.04;p=0.05 respectively). The mean assessor score for the ease of use and perceived effectiveness of PEAT was 7.4 (SD ±1.32) and 6.6 (SD ±1.19) on a 10cm VAS respectively. The PEAT had good or excellent internal consistency (α≥ 0.7) in 4/8 assessors (50%).ConclusionsThe PEAT appears to be easy to use and have face validity. However, further refinements are necessary for this PEAT to establish construct validity and improve reliability.
Life-cycle assessment of municipal solid waste management
Authors: Mali Sandip T. , Patil Swapnali S.
Published: November 2016

The aim of the study was to assess municipal solid waste (MSW) management system through life-cycle assessment methodology. A field study was carried out for characterisation of MSW and leachate analysis for the landfill site of Kolhapur city, India. The total MSW generation rate in the city was 180 t/d, out of which the organic matter content was 70·33% and the inorganic matter content was 29·67%. The characteristics of the leachate showed more pollution strength compared with the standards. SimaPro software was used for analysing environmental burden through different impact categories. Municipal waste management scenarios such as open dumping, composting, anaerobic digestion and pyrolysis–gasification were compared with the centre for environmental studies method. The impact assessment categories that were considered were emission of greenhouse gases, ozone layer depletion, acidification, eutrophication, ecotoxicity, human toxicity and summer smog. The result of this study has revealed a more feasible treatment scenario based on environmental impact analysis. Open dumping has shown the highest environmental impact. Pyrolysis–gasification with energy recovery potential and composting is an environmentally favourable MSW management option.
Mitochondria Protection after Acute Ischemia Prevents Prolonged Upregulation of IL-1β and IL-18 and Arrests CKD
Authors: Szeto Hazel H. , Liu Shaoyi , Soong Yi , Seshan Surya V. , Cohen-Gould Leona , Manichev Viacheslav , Feldman Leonard C. , Gustafsson Torgny
Published: November 2016

The innate immune system has been implicated in both AKI and CKD. Damaged mitochondria release danger molecules, such as reactive oxygen species, DNA, and cardiolipin, which can cause NLRP3 inflammasome activation and upregulation of IL-18 and IL-1β. It is not known if mitochondrial damage persists long after ischemia to sustain chronic inflammasome activation. We conducted a 9-month study in Sprague–Dawley rats after 45 minutes of bilateral renal ischemia. We detected glomerular and peritubular capillary rarefaction, macrophage infiltration, and fibrosis at 1 month. Transmission electron microscopy revealed mitochondrial degeneration, mitophagy, and deformed foot processes in podocytes. These changes progressed over the study period, with a persistent increase in renal cortical expression of IL-18, IL-1β, and TGF-β, despite a gradual decline in TNF-α expression and macrophage infiltration. Treatment with a mitoprotective agent (SS-31; elamipretide) for 6 weeks, starting 1 month after ischemia, preserved mitochondrial integrity, ameliorated expression levels of all inflammatory markers, restored glomerular capillaries and podocyte structure, and arrested glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. Further, helium ion microscopy vividly demonstrated the restoration of podocyte structure by SS-31. The protection by SS-31 was sustained for ≥6 months after treatment ended, with normalization of IL-18 and IL-1β expression. These results support a role for mitochondrial damage in inflammasome activation and CKD and suggest mitochondrial protection as a novel therapeutic approach that can arrest the progression of CKD. Notably, SS-31 is effective when given long after AKI and provides persistent protection after termination of drug treatment.
FATORES DE RISCO CARDIOVASCULAR EM ESCOLARES EGRESSOS DE UM PROGRAMA MULTIPROFISSIONAL DE EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE
Authors: Da França Lori Da Conceição , Fraga-Maia Helena
Published: November 2016

Objetivo: Descrever a frequência de fatores de risco cardiovascular em escolares egressos de um programa multiprofissional de educação em saúde destinado a adoção de hábitos de vida saudável. Métodos: Realizou-se uma investigação com egressos do projeto “Doutores Mirins: Multiplicadores do Conhecimento”. Foram convidados a participar escolares de 10 a 14 anos que tivessem obtido 75% de frequência no programa. Os dados foram analisados descritivamente. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade do Estado da Bahia (Parecer n. 241.434/2013) e financiado pelo PRO-Saúde/PET-Saúde 2012. Resultados: Observou-se que 65,8% dos escolares eram do sexo feminino e 62,2% tinham idades variando de 12 a 13 anos. Dentre os fatores de risco cardiovascular observados encontravam-se a hipertensão arterial sistêmica (18,9%), o sobrepeso (32,4%), e o  sedentarismo (24,3%). O tempo de tela maior que duas horas foi reportado por 75,7% dos entrevistados. O padrão alimentar descrito era, predominantemente, inadequado para 78,0% deles, com baixo consumo de saladas, frutas e verduras e elevada ingesta de alimentos ricos em açúcar, sódio e lipídios. Quanto aos pais, observou-se a escolaridade era baixa, assim como a renda familiar. Detectou-se ainda que grande parte dos genitores cursavam com Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (64,9%). Conclusões: Os resultados permitem concluir que fatores ambientais e genéticos configuram um perfil de risco cardiovascular para os escolares justificando a necessidade de intervenções de educação em saúde mais duradouras e que envolvam a família, a escola e as unidades de atenção básica à saúde.
TRATAMENTO DA CANDIDÍASE VULVOVAGINAL E NOVAS PERSPECTIVAS TERAPÊUTICAS: UMA REVISÃO NARRATIVA
Authors: Dantas Leal Mariana Robatto , Pavie Cardoso Lima Maria Clara Neves , Tozetto Klein Sibele De Oliveira , Lordelo Garboggi Patrícia Virginia Silva
Published: November 2016

Introdução: A candidíase vulvovaginal (CVV) é um processo infeccioso do trato geniturinário inferior feminino causada pelo fungo Candida. No Brasil, é o segundo diagnóstico mais comum em ginecologia e tem ocasionado preocupação dos profissionais da saúde devido ao crescente número de casos recorrentes. A dificuldade na abordagem terapêutica da CVV aponta para a relevância do desenvolvimento de estudos que abordem as atuais terapias utilizadas para esta infecção e suas limitações, atentando os profissionais da área a desenvolver a visão crítica acerca do tema e buscar modificações no manejo clínico.  Objetivo: Este estudo visa descrever o panorama atual dos tratamentos da CVV e as novas perspectivas terapêuticas. Estratégia Metodológica: Foi desenvolvida uma revisão de literatura contendo artigos em língua inglesa e portuguesa acerca dos atuais tratamentos existentes para CVV e possíveis perspectivas terapêuticas.  Resultados: Nota-se que os casos de CVV, principalmente os recorrentes, têm apresentado limitação na resposta aos tratamentos medicamentosos atuais e por isto há uma crescente busca por inovações terapêuticas. Dentre as novas possibilidades, o Diodo Emissor de Luz (LED) azul 405 nm é uma possível modalidade de tratamento, no entanto, necessita-se de mais estudos que comprovem sua eficácia. Conclusão: A terapia antifúngica atual tem apresentado limitações, principalmente nos casos de recorrência e isto fortalece a necessidade de busca de novas modalidades terapêuticas que sejam capazes de tratar o processo infeccioso inibindo os mecanismos de resistência do microorganismo.
QUALIDADE DE VIDA, IMAGEM CORPORAL E SATISFAÇÃO NOS TRATAMENTOS ESTÉTICOS
Authors: Ferreira Juliana Barros , Lemos Larissa Morgan Andrade , Da Silva Thais Rocha
Published: November 2016

Objetivo: Analisar a influência dos tratamentos estéticos na qualidade de vida, imagem corporal e satisfação das mulheres, comparar a qualidade de vida, a imagem corporal e o nível de satisfação das mulheres antes e após os tratamentos estéticos e correlacionar os domínios de qualidade de vida com a imagem corporal e o grau de satisfação. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, analítico, de corte transversal e de caráter quantitativo, realizado em uma clínica de estética localizada em Vitória da Conquista, Bahia. A amostra restringiu-se ao público feminino, totalizando 70 participantes que realizavam procedimentos estéticos corporais, tais como lipocavitação, manta térmica e carboxiterapia. As informações foram obtidas através dos questionários Sociodemográfico, Body Shape Questionnaire - BSQ e o Whoqol-bref. Realizou-se estatística descritiva, correlação de Pearson, comparação de média pelo teste t de Student e distribuição de frequência com os dados sociodemográficos. A consistência dos instrumentos foi avaliada pelo coeficiente de Cronbach. Resultados/Conclusão: A comparação das médias antes e depois do tratamento mostra que para todos os domínios, houve uma diferença significativa (p < 0,0001). Contudo, os tratamentos estéticos melhoram consideravelmente questões globais, físicas, psicológicas, relações sociais, imagem corporal e o grau de satisfação, influenciando positivamente tanto na imagem corporal quanto na qualidade de vida, aumentando o grau de satisfação das mulheres.
BENEFÍCIOS DO TREINAMENTO RESISTIDO EM IDOSOS COM ALZHEIMER: REVISÃO NARRATIVA DE LITERATURA
Authors: Barbosa Wellington Belchior , Agner Vania Fernanda Clemente
Published: November 2016

Introdução: Com o crescente aumento da população de idosos cresce também as doenças neurológicas degenerativas, como a Doença de Alzheimer (DA). A DA acarreta declínios cognitivos, déficit de equilíbrio, perdas na força muscular e nas funções físicas, resultando em perda de qualidade de vida. Sabe-se atualmente que o exercício físico, na modalidade resistido, é uma intervenção que ameniza as perdas cognitivas e motoras no processo de envelhecimento. Objetivo: Verificar os possíveis benefícios do treinamento resistido em idosos com DA. Materiais e Métodos: Revisão narrativa de literatura, com busca nas bases de dados: Pubmed, Lilacs, e Bireme, com as palavras “strenght exercise”, “exercise training”, “resistance training”, “strength training” e “muscle strength associados a “Alzheimer”. Resultados: Foram encontrados 241 artigos, dos quais foram selecionados 10. Para as variáveis: Atividade de Vida Diária, Atividades Instrumentais de Vida Diária e Qualidade de Vida ainda são inconclusivos os benefícios do treinamento resistido. O treinamento combinado, contendo exercícios de força, caminhada, flexibilidade equilíbrio e agilidade, apresenta benefícios para o aumento na força muscular, melhoras no equilíbrio, função cognitiva e função física (capacidade de caminhar, subir e descer escadas, sentar e levantar) em idosos com DA. Conclusão: Estudos mais confiáveis, com metodologia sistemática e avaliação de risco de viés, precisam ser realizados para afirmar os benefícios descritos e padronizar intensidade, duração, volume de exercícios resistidos em idosos com DA.
POR QUE PARTICIPAR DAS REDES SOCIAIS PARA PESQUISADORES?
Authors: Rego Filipe Ferreira de Almeida
Published: November 2016

Nos últimos anos, o número de redes sociais, aumentaram exponencialmente, assim como suas aplicabilidades. Estas novas aplicabilidades permitem classificar as redes sociais de diversas formas, dentre as quais, as redes sociais para melhoria da saúde.  Dentro destas redes sociais que objetivam melhorar a qualidade da saúde das pessoas, destacam-se as redes sociais criadas especificamente para pesquisadores, que aqui chamaremos de “Scientific Social Internet Network” (SSIN).
Relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and pre-eclampsia among pregnant women in Ardabil
Authors: Kahnamouei-aghdam Fariba , Pourfarzi Farhad , Eslamnezhad Khadijeh
Published: November 2016

Background: Studies have shown that certain infections can increase the risk of pre-eclampsia which one of the common infections among pregnant women was H. pylori with prevalence rate of 60-70% in developing countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between H. pylori infection and pre-eclampsia among pregnant women.

Methods: Blood and stool samples were taken from 108 women with pre-eclampsia and 108 healthy pregnant women. Blood samples analyzed by ELISA for specific antibodies against H. pylori cytotoxin associated gene A (Cag A) antigen and stool samples were studied in terms of the presence of H. pylori Cag A antigen. Collected data were analyzed using statistical methods in SPSS.20.  

Results: 30 cases (27.8%) of pre-eclampsia women and 34 (31.5%) of healthy women were sero-positive for Cag A antibodies that was not statistically significant difference. Whereas, 67 cases (62.4%) in the case group and 48 cases (44.4%) in the control group had Cag A antigen in stool samples that was statistically significant difference.

Conclusions: Results showed that, based on detection of H. pylori antigen in stool samples, frequency of active H. pylori in women with pre-eclampsia was 1.8 times higher than the healthy women.
Assessment of radon level in soil samples from Manzala Lake East Nile Delta, Egypt using passive technique
Authors: El-Farrash A. H. , Yousef Hesham A. , Abu El-Ala A. , Magdy A.
Published: November 2016

Background: Radon is an important natural radioactive factor harmfully, because radon is radioactive gas comes from the natural decay of uranium series deposits in soil, which is harmful on human and environment.

Methods: The radon concentrations and exhalation rate were measured using passive technique with CR-39 and LR-115 detectors in twenty soil samples from and around Manzala Lake in the North Nile Delta, Egypt.  

Results: From the results the average value of radon concentration ranged from 874.51 to 136.99 Bqm-3.

Conclusions: The present study can be used as reference information to detect any harmful radiation that would affect the human and assess any changes in the radioactive background in the studied area. 
Using human medical waste to build biobanks
Authors: Jain Jugnu , Natarajan Sreevatsa , Chatterjee Soma
Published: November 2016

India has a high disease burden and a large number of patients. There is a tremendous need for Indian biobanks to preserve Indian samples, to capture the great diversity of diseases to spur research into earlier, more precise diagnosis and better treatments for diseases plaguing India. This review article summarizes the key components of building a systematic comprehensive biobank, type and formats of sample and data, and the ethical and regulatory guidelines in India. An example of a growing Indian biobank, Sapien Biosciences, is shared along with its business model to reach sustainability. This is done by developing clinical diagnostics internally using the annotated samples but also sharing samples and outcomes data with external investigators. Our goal is to highlight the immense untapped value of Indian biospecimens and data, to catalyze the formation of collaborative networks of biobanks both within and outside India.
The clinical utility of a custom-developed targeted next-generation sequencing assay for detection of mutations associated with Philadelphia-negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms: Two case examples with CALR exon 9 mutations
Authors: Ramanan Vijay , Kelkar Ketki , Ranade Shatakshi , Gangodkar Priyanka , Gogate Nikhita , Patil Kunal , Ragte-Wathare Trupti , Agarwal Meenal , Phadke Nikhil A.
Published: November 2016

We have developed a highly targeted custom next generation sequencing-based test targeting JAK2 exons 12 and 14, CALR exon 9, and MPL exon 10, which are implicated in Philadelphia-negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms. The assay is capable of ultra-high sequencing depth and producing mutational detection sensitivities of 0.5% and below. We have validated the performance of the test through orthogonal testing and demonstrated a high degree of multiplexing with up to 50 samples in a single run. We show the clinical utility of this test through the description of a couple of cases with myeloproliferative disorders with Type-II and Type-II-like mutations in exon 9 of the CALR gene.
A molecular approach to Glioblastoma Multiforme
Authors: Verma Amit , Gunasekar Swetha , Goel Vineeta , Singh Randeep , Arora Ramandeep Singh , Rohatgi Nitesh , Anand A. K. , Walia Meenu
Published: November 2016

Glioma is a tumor of the central nervous system that occurs in the glial cells, Which it surrounds and protects the nerve cells. Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is the most common and malignant sub-type of gliomas that arises from star-shaped cells called “astrocytes”, which constitute the supportive tissue of the brain. GBM are known to be heterogeneous in outcome with majority having a poor prognosis, thus there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches. The detailed understanding of GBM is established by the combination of histopathology and genomic information of the tumor that aids in the best choice of Personalized Medicine. In this article, seven GBM patients are discussed who underwent tissue diagnosis as well as tumor molecular profiling; the significance of the genes and associated mutations/variations picked up in each individual.
MicroRNA-based biomarkers for oral cancer
Authors: Krishnatreya Manigreeva
Published: November 2016

Oral cancer (OC) is one of the common cancers in India and the age-adjusted incidence rates of OC in the country are higher. One of the issues concerning OC is the late diagnoses or locally advanced stage of presentation in the majority of the cases. Environmental and lifestyle factors such as tobacco chewing, alcohol consumption, poor oro-dental hygiene, and viruses like human papilloma virus are known to contribute to the development of OC. Furthermore, there are additional risk factors like consumption of betel and areca nut, which are significantly associated with cancers of the oral cavity. OC burden is one of the major health concerns in India, and with unabated use of chewable tobacco consumption in the country, this burden is expected to rise in the future.
Особенности менеджеров-инноваторов в индустрии гостеприимства
Authors: Астафьева Ольга Александровна
Published: November 2016

В данной статье приведены результаты качественного исследования на основе проведенных интервью в восьми четырех- и пятизвездочных отелях с целью получения более глубокого понимания природы инноваций в индустрии гостеприимства, выявления менеджеров-инноваторов, их характерных особенностей и их роли во внедрении новшеств. Они показывают не только принципиальные различия между инновационными и консервативными менеджерами, но и общие черты, присущие им. Также раскрыты на конкретных примерах основные направления применения инноваций в индустрии гостеприимства на современном этапе развития. В исследовании подчеркнуто значение творческого потенциала сотрудника в процессе управления и его развития, объяснена роль управляющего гостиницей во внедрении инноваций. Выявлены недостатки проведенного исследования, а также предложены варианты дальнейших исследований.
Развитие предпринимательства в аграрном секторе экономики Кыргызстана
Authors: Жантемиров Шаршенбек Абдралиевич
Published: November 2016

Статья посвящена развитию предпринимательства в аграрной сфере Кыргызской Республики, а также формам его существования и значениям предпринимательства в обеспечении продовольственной безопасности. Автором проведен определенный анализ динамики развития предпринимательской деятельности в Кыргызстане. Выявлено, что на начало 2015 года действуют 12549 субъектов малого и среднего предпринимательства, а удельный вес малых и средних предприятий сельского хозяйства в общем количестве предприятий составляет 3,5% (без учета крестьянских (фермерских) хозяйств). Степень развития малого предпринимательства влияет на насыщение рынка товарами, расширение конкуренции, рост занятости, социальное развитие села, а главное – способствует повышению экономической эффективности агропромышленного комплекса [1, с. 306]. Основная гипотеза направлена на развитие предпринимательства в аграрном секторе, и говорит о необходимости государственной поддержки, создании логистических центров, подготовке специалистов для сельского хозяйства и создании инфраструктуры села. С развитием предпринимательства в аграрном секторе тесно связана потенциальная возможность для выхода сельскохозяйственной продукции на внешний рынок. В целом автор анализирует состояние предпринимательской деятельности и возможности его развития.
Роль инновационных промышленных кластеров в развитии региональной экономики
Authors: Церцеил Юлия Сергеевна , Коокуева Виктория Владимировна
Published: November 2016

В статье отражается роль инновационных кластеров в развитии экономики регионов России, в повышении конкурентоспособности компаний, что подтверждает актуальность темы исследования. Проблема устойчивого развития инновационных кластеров исследуется на основе комплексного подхода. В работе представлены теоретические аспекты сущности инновационных кластеров, преимущества развития экономики регионов на основе кластерного подхода, особенности взаимодействия государственного и коммерческого секторов. В аналитической части исследования были проведены горизонтальный и вертикальный анализ затрат на технологические инновации, также проведен корреляционно-регрессионный анализ зависимости развития регионов, в которых функционируют инновационные кластеры от затрат на технологические инновации. В результате исследования была выявлена положительная зависимость и сделаны выводы о необходимости дальнейшего развития и поддержки инновационных кластеров, расположенных на территории Российской Федерации.
Влияние трансформации потребительского поведения на деятельность фирмы в эпоху информатизации
Authors: Ермакова Светлана Эдуардовна , Багрова Наталья Анатольевна
Published: November 2016

В статье раскрываются некоторые аспекты модификации экономического поведения потребителя под влиянием информационных технологий и информатизации, влияющие в свою очередь на поведение фирмы как основного субъекта предпринимательской деятельности. Авторы отмечают изменения в структуре потребностей, которые характеризуются развитием и преобладанием потребностей гуманитарного порядка, а также модификацию системы ценностей, стиля и качества жизни индивидуального потребителя, обусловливающие его роль в тандеме «фирма – потребитель».
Сделаны выводы о том, что поведение фирмы изменяется под влиянием информационной экономики, требуя от предприятий новых конкурентных стратегий и преимуществ, ориентированных на особенности поведения потребителя и новые черты их взаимодействия. В информационной экономике экономическое поведение фирмы приобретает характерные особенности, не свойственные экономике индустриального типа и непосредственно связанные с увеличением роли информации в деятельности организации, глобализацией экономики в целом, обострением и видоизменением рыночной конкуренции, а также изменением роли потребителя и самой фирмы на данном этапе экономического развития. Причем удержание компанией своих конкурентных позиций невозможно без тесного взаимодействия фирмы с потребителем.
Advanced Stage of Medication‐Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw Associated With Oral Bisphosphonates: Report of Three Cases
Authors: Ojha Junu , Cohen Donald M. , Choi Hyden , Schumer Joseph , Gupta Anish , Dang Nathen
Published: November 2016

Introduction: Bisphosphonates (BPs) are prescribed for treating diseases exhibiting high bone turnover rates. Medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a major adverse effect of BPs. Cases of MRONJ associated with oral BPs for treatment of osteoporosis are much less common compared with intravenous BPs. Most reports of oral BP–associated MRONJ are either stage 1 or stage 2 as classified by the 2014 American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons position paper (Ruggiero et al., J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014;72:1938‐1956). There are ≈24 reported cases of oral BP–induced stage 3 MRONJ presenting as an area of exposed necrotic bone with pain and infection along with a pathologic fracture, an extraoral fistula, oroantral communication, or osteolysis extending to the inferior border of the mandible or sinus floor.

Case Series: Three cases of stage 3 MRONJ associated with oral BPs are presented. All three patients had a long history of use of alendronate for over 10 years. Diagnosis of stage 3 MRONJ was made based on clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic findings. Patients were managed with a course of antibiotics and removal of the necrotic bone.

Conclusions: Development of stage 3 MRONJ associated with oral BPs is relatively rare. However, there is an increased risk of advanced MRONJ associated with oral BPs in the presence of longer duration of therapy, dentoalveolar surgery, denture trauma, inflammatory oral diseases, and presence of comorbid factors. Therefore, it is recommended that clinicians educate patients about the advanced adverse effects of oral BPs.
Parameters That Improve Cleaning Efficiency of Subgingival Air Polishing on Titanium Implant Surfaces: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Tastepe Ceylin S. , Lin Xingnan , Donnet Marcel , Wismeijer Daniel , Liu Yuelian
Published: November 2016

Background: This study aims to reveal how air polishing behaves on a titanium surface by evaluating the size and shape of the cleaned area and the influence of different device settings, probing depths, and cleaning movements.

Methods: Forty‐eight titanium sandblasted large‐grit acid‐etched surface film‐coated disks were treated with an air abrasive system using a subgingival plastic nozzle. Two subgingival models were used: open‐ended (step 1) and defined‐size (step 2). In step 1, the most effective parameters were investigated by 5‐second static applications under different settings. In step 2, the best settings were used for dynamic application to test influence of different movements (up–down, slowly up, rotation). For both steps, powder and water consumption and total cleaned area were calculated.

Results: Air pressure was the main factor with the strongest effect on cleaning. Increasing air pressure extended cleaning area. Other factors, such as nozzle depth and excessive powder flow amount, had weak influence. Cleaning effect reached deeper than the nozzle physically reached. Step 2 showed that there was no significant difference between different nozzle movements; however, cleaning efficiency decreased significantly without movement.

Conclusions: For the most effective clinical use of air polishing, it should be applied with high pressure, deep insertion of nozzle, and enough water flow. Additionally, the nozzle has to be moved to get the best cleaning effect.
Porphyromonas gingivalis Capsule‐Mediated Coaggregation as a Virulence Factor in Mixed Infection With Fusobacterium nucleatum
Authors: Polak David , Ferdman Oren , Houri‐Haddad Yael
Published: November 2016

Background: Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) capsule enables evasion from phagocytosis, invasion of keratinocytes, and bacterial survival. In mixed infection, the capsule also participates in coaggregation, which may lead to characteristic virulence not present in the monoinfection. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of Pg capsule as a virulence factor in coaggregated mixed infection with Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn).

Methods: Mixed infections containing Fn and non‐capsulated or capsulated strains of Pg were compared with the same infection with lactose as coaggregation inhibitor. Murine experimental periodontitis was used to assess disease severity. Primary polymorphonuclear leukocytes and keratinocytes were used to examine phagocytosis and bacterial invasion, respectively.

Results: Mixed infection with capsulated Pg augmented alveolar bone loss compared with that of mixed infection with non‐capsulated Pg. Addition of lactose led to attenuation of bone loss in the capsulated mixed infection and to intensification of bone loss in the non‐capsulated mixed infection. In the latter mixed infection, Fn evaded phagocytosis, whereas in the capsulated mixed infection Pg displayed a greater capacity for invasion of keratinocytes.

Conclusions: Pg capsule was found to serve as a unique virulence factor in mixed infection with Fn. Capsule‐dependent coaggregation led to augmented invasion of Pg and may be responsible for the severity of disease after mixed infection with Fn.
A Y-Shaped Microfluidic Device to Study the Combined Effect of Wall Shear Stress and ATP Signals on Intracellular Calcium Dynamics in Vascular Endothelial Cells
Authors: Chen Zong-Zheng , Gao Zheng-Ming , Zeng De-Pei , Liu Bo , Luan Yong , Qin Kai-Rong
Published: November 2016

The intracellular calcium dynamics in vascular endothelial cells (VECs) in response to wall shear stress (WSS) and/or adenosine triphosphate (ATP) have been commonly regarded as an important factor in regulating VEC function and behavior including proliferation, migration and apoptosis. However, the effects of time-varying ATP signals have been usually neglected in the past investigations in the field of VEC mechanobiology. In order to investigate the combined effects of WSS and dynamic ATP signals on the intracellular calcium dynamic in VECs, a Y-shaped microfluidic device, which can provide the cultured cells on the bottom of its mixing micro-channel with stimuli of WSS signal alone and different combinations of WSS and ATP signals in one single micro-channel, is proposed. Both numerical simulation and experimental studies verify the feasibility of its application. Cellular experimental results also suggest that a combination of WSS and ATP signals rather than a WSS signal alone might play a more significant role in VEC Ca2+ signal transduction induced by blood flow.
A Possible Role of an Interaction of the Age at Common Childhood Infections and Selected Dietary Factors at Young Age, for the Risk of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Lauer Klaus , Wahl Annette , Geilenkeuser Marcel
Published: November 2016

An increased risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) had been found when individuals had consumed large amounts of processed meat and sausages at young age (Lauer, 2014). Furthermore it was found in many studies that MS patients had acquired a number of common childhood infections at higher ages than controls. Therefore, MS patients from an epidemiological long-term investigation in Germany and different hospital controls, were evaluated for a statistical interaction of these two factors. 324 MS patients and 242 hospital controls were inquired. The study focussed on age 0 - 16. Subjects were tested for additive interaction by multiple linear regression analysis (Knol et al., 2007). There was an additive interaction of the age at any common childhood infection with the consumption of scalded sausages (regression estimate = 0.1370; standard error = 0.0603; p = 0.0239). In contrast, no such interaction could be shown for: animal fats; smoked meat (e.g. ham and bacon); and cold - smoked German salami. Thus there was a synergy of the intake of scalded sausages (e.g. frankfurters, bolognas, etc.) and age at common childhood infections, for the later risk of MS.
Certain Inequalities for the Conformable Gamma and Polygamma Functions
Authors: Nantomah Kwara
Published: November 2016

In a recent paper, Sarikaya et al. introduced a new analogue of the classical Gamma function which they called, the conformable Gamma function. Motivated by their results, this paper seeks to establish some inequalities for the conformable Gamma and Polygamma functions. Among other analytical tools, the procedure relies on the generalized forms of some classical inequalities.
Desarrollo normativo del derecho al aseguramiento en salud en el Perú
Authors: Ponce Rivera Carlos
Published: November 2016

El presente artículo aborda la problemática referida al derecho al aseguramiento en salud desde una perspectiva jurídica, partiendo de la definición de la salud y de su conceptualización como derecho fundamental por la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional; asimismo, de manera paralela realiza una descripción del sistema de financiamiento de la atención de salud en el Perú y describe el proceso a través del cual, sobre la base del consenso político establecido en el Congreso de la República, se logró sentar las bases para la reforma del sector iniciada en 2013 y que ha posibilitado en el Perú para el año 2016 que 17 millones de personas en la actualidad gocen de un sistema de aseguramiento en salud.
El modelo español de compensación estatal a las víctimas de delitos
Authors: Pérez Rivas Natalia
Published: November 2016

En este artículo se analiza, de forma exhaustiva, el sistema español de reparación pública de las víctimas de delitos, regulado en la Ley 35/1995, de 11 de diciembre, de ayudas y asistencia a las víctimas de delitos violentos y contra la libertad sexual.
La consulta en materia de drogas: la situación actual en el Ecuador
Authors: Guevara Elizalde Robert
Published: November 2016

Este es un breve estudio respecto de “la consulta al superior” como una figura del derecho procesal penal inquisitivo que aún sobrevive en algunos códigos y leyes en Latinoamérica. Pero su aplicación más sobresaliente en el Ecuador estaba en el control judicial en los juicios por drogas, atendiendo a las leyes de la materia. En esta investigación encontramos la evolución de las leyes de drogas en el Ecuador. La política criminal que la sostenía, los problemas procesales que generaba ante la aparición, en el año 2000, de un Código Procesal Penal con sistema acusatorio público contemporáneo y los esfuerzos de la jurisprudencia penal de la Corte Suprema de justicia y aun de la jurisprudencia de la propia Corte Constitucional para mantener sumisamente, y a toda costa, esta forma de control social. Aborda la aparición en el Ecuador del Código Orgánico Integral Penal en el 2014 y la desaparición de la consulta como una figura autoritaria judicial. La fundamentación científico-jurídica de esta investigación se sustenta en la abundante jurisprudencia y bibliografía citada.
Transdisciplinariedad del actuarialismo: de la pobreza y vulnerabilidad
Authors: Novoa Ruiz Julio Alberto
Published: November 2016

Desde finales del siglo XX se ha concebido al  actuarialismo penal —integrado por la policía, la justicia y la cárcel—,  como el nuevo paradigma desarrollado en la administración del riesgo con respecto al delito, el cual se puede generar desde diferentes grupos poblacionales vulnerables, los cuales de manera equívoca se han estigmatizado como la fuente del mismo, desarrollando prácticas represivas actuariales, en donde la estadística y la probabilística se convierten en los elementos característicos para su control, dejando de lado esta misma técnica pero orientado al campo social para atender a los grupos de población más vulnerables, sugiriendo transdisciplinariedad entre lo social, la seguridad y la cárcel. Es la transdisciplinariedad concebida entre las disciplinas de lo social, de la seguridad y lo penitenciario, el ideario práctico y real para conseguir la evitación y prevención del delito.
Un difícil camino en pos del consumo sustentable: el dilema entre la obsolescencia programada, la tecnología y el ambiente
Authors: Martínez Adriana Norma , Porcelli Adriana Margarita
Published: November 2016

En el sistema socioeconómico actual, todos somos testigos, año tras año, de la constante evolución de los aparatos electrónicos, electrodomésticos u otro tipo de dispositivos por la introducción de mejoras que se traducen en un producto más atractivo y acorde con la moda, generando en el consumidor la necesidad de su reemplazo. A su vez, aun con los avances de la tecnología, los bienes no tienen la misma vida útil que en las décadas anteriores. Esto es debido a la rapidez con la que un aparato tecnológico queda obsoleto, o es percibido por el consumidor como tal, impactando negativamente en el ambiente al producirse, entre otras cosas, millones de residuos tecnológicos que no se reciclan adecuadamente. El presente artículo tiene por objeto describir la obsolescencia programada como una práctica empresarial habitual en la sociedad del consumo,sus diferentes modalidades, analizar los impactos negativos en las diferentes dimensiones del desarrollo sostenible, para finalizar con la exposición de las alternativas propuestas tanto desde el ámbito del derecho como desde el económico-social.
Morphometry of ventral hippocampal neurons of CA1-CA4 fields in domestic cattle
Authors: Łuszczewska-Sierakowska Iwona , Wawrzyniak Agata , Charuta Anna , Tatara Marcin R. , Klepacki Mariusz , Maciejewski Ryszard
Published: November 2016

The aim of the study was a morphometric analysis of the ventral hippocampal neurons of the individual CA1-CA4 fields in domestic cattle (Bos Taurus; N = 6). The hippocampus in cattle is formed by a sizable arched invagination of the medial wall of the lateral ventricle of the brain. The brains were removed and analyzed conventionally with a light microscope. The samples were stained by Nissl’s method. The morphometric analysis of the neurons of the hippocampal CA1-CA4 fields included the following parameters: the area of nervous cells and the area of the cell nucleus in μm2; the nucleus-to-cell ratio in %; the average diameter and perimeter of the nervous cell in μm. The morphometric investigations indicate that the cells of the pyramidal layer in the CA1-CA4 fields of the hippocampus in adult domestic cattle differ in terms of their size, shape, and surface area, as well as the surface area of the cell nucleus. The size of cells in CA1 was the largest, fluctuating around 22 μm, whereas in CA4 it amounted to about 19 μm. Cells in CA1 and CA2 had the largest diameter of about 24 µm, whereas cells in the CA4 field had the smallest diameter of about 20 µm. The results obtained suggest a novel approach to studying the morphometric properties of the hippocampus in domestic cattle. Morphometric studies of the central nervous system (CNS) are regarded as a valuable source of data on the function of environmental and pharmacological factors and their effects on several structures of the CNS.
Relationship between body weight and leptin concentrations in mink dams and the birth parameters of kits
Authors: Bryl Monika , Bis-Wencel Hanna , Ślaska Brygida , Nowakowicz-Dębek Bożena , Bełkot Zbigniew , Kubik-Komar Agnieszka
Published: November 2016

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the leptin concentration and body weight of mink females on the birth parameters of their kits. Blood samples were collected 3 times during preparation for reproduction, 7±2 days before mating. Total leptin concentration in serum was measured using commercial RIA kits (Millipore, St. Charles, Missouri USA). Research was conducted on 20 clinically healthy scanbrown female minks (Neovison Vison) aged 2-3 years. To evaluate their body condition, the females were divided into two groups based on the BCS scoring system. In the first group, referred to as BCS 2, lean females were included, and the second group (BCS 4) consisted of obese females. In mink dams belonging to BCS 2, the average leptin values were one-fourth of those in the BCS 4 group. The results obtained indicate the influence of the body mass of minks during preparation for reproduction on serum leptin concentration. The results of the Mann-Whitney U test showed a statistically significant difference between weights and leptin concentrations in groups BCS 2 and BCS 4. Among the other traits, such differences were not found. The analysis of results obtained in the two mink groups did not reveal a clear relationship between leptin in the serum of mothers before mating and the birth parameters of their kits.
Expression of integrins and GDF9 mRNAs is associated with ovarian follicle size and donor puberty status in pigs
Authors: Antosik Paweł , Jeseta Michal , Kranc Wiesława , Chachuła Adrian , Bryja Artur , Budna Joanna , Ciesiółka Sylwia , Wojtanowicz-Markiewicz Katarzyna , Bukowska Dorota , Brüssow Klaus-Peter , Bruska Małgorzata , Nowicki Michał , Hulinska Pavlina , Machatkova Marie , Kempisty Bartosz
Published: November 2016

Ovarian folliculogenesis and oogenesis has a significant impact on embryo growth and development in preimplantation stages. Although both processes are widely understood in several species of mammals, including pigs, the factors influencing the proper maturation capability of oocytes, as well as the developmental competence of the surrounding somatic granulosa cells (GCs) and cumulus cells (CCs), are still not entirely known. This study aimed to investigate the expression of growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and integrins (ITGB1, ITGB2, ITGB3 and ITGB4) in porcine oocytes isolated from follicles of various size and donors characterized by different puberty status. The relative abundance of GDF9, ITGB1, ITGB2, ITGB3, and ITGB4 mRNAs in porcine oocytes isolated from medium follicles of cycling sows (MFCS), small follicles of juvenile gilts (SFJG), and small follicles of cycling sows (SFCS) was assessed by an RT-qPCR assay. We found an increased expression of GDF9 in oocytes isolated from the small follicles of juvenile gilts as compared to the other two groups (P<0.001). A significant down-regulation of ITGB1 and ITGB2 oocyte mRNAs collected from medium follicles of cycling sows was observed (P<0.05 and P<0.001, respectively). The ITGB3 mRNA expression was significantly decreased in oocytes isolated from small follicles of juvenile gilts (P<0.001), whereas a lower expression of ITGB4 in oocytes from both medium follicles (cycling sows) and small follicles (juvenile gilts) was observed. In conclusion, GDF9 may be recognized as the main factor regulating follicle growth at early stages of folliculogenesis. The expression of ITGBs is significantly regulated by the puberty status of donor pigs, and different follicular sizes may play a subordinate role in integrin expression during in vivo follicle development in pigs.
Biodivesity and importance of hippoboscids infection in cervids
Authors: Kowal Jerzy , Nosal Paweł , Kornaś Sławomir , Wajdzik Marek , Matysek Marcin , Basiaga Marta
Published: November 2016

The present paper focuses on three species belonging to the family Hippoboscidae: Hippobosca equina, Lipoptena cervi and L. fortisetosa – haematophagus ectoparasites typical of cervids. In Europe, the forest flies (H. equina) are observed mainly in horses and cattle, but the primary host of this parasite is the red deer (Cervus elaphus). The host group of deer keds Lipoptena sp. include different ruminant species belonging to Cervidae (moose, red deer, sika deer, fallow deer, roe deer and maral) and Bovidae family (mouflon, european bison, cattle, sheep and goat). Furthermore, some species of carnivores (European badger, dog and red fox) can be accidental hosts. The presence of adult hippoboscid flies in the environment shows strong seasonality. One or two generations of H. equina occurs from May to October. The alate forms of univoltine Lipoptena cervi and probably multivoltine L. fortisetosa appear from August to September, and from June to September, respectively. During warm autumns, both species can be observed in late October, or even November. Hippobosca equina and Lipoptena cervi are native species, unlike the foreign L. fortisetosa. This Asian species was noted in Europe for the first time in the 1960s, and has rapidly spread in numerous countries. The most probable way of L. fortisetosa introduction to Europe was translocation via host (probably sika deer), or natural dispersion throughout Eurasia. Therefore L. fortisetosa should be treated as an alien invasive species in Poland and Europe. Interest in these three neglected dipteran species has increased after reports of their veterinary and medical importance. All these parasite species are able to attack humans. Bites of these insects are considered painful, cause skin lesions with the presence of characteristic persistent pruritic papules, and, in extreme cases, may result in an anaphylactic reaction. Hippoboscids can play a role in the transmission of bacterial pathogens, including Anaplasma and Bartonella genera, dangerous for humans and animals. Permanent and intensive attacks on humans, during the seasonal mass occurrence of these parasites, can hinder forestry work, as well as harvesting, recreation, and hunting activities in forested areas.