bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crafting local climate action plans: An action prioritisation framework using multi-criteria decision analysis
Authors: Balouktsi M
Published: September 2019

The COP21 target to keep global warming to well below 2 (or 1.5) degrees Celsius cannot be met without massive transformation in cities. A major challenge on the road to nearly greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions-neutral cities is the successful development of a climate action plan (CAP) by the local authority, sometimes within the framework of its participation to different initiatives (e.g. the Global Covenant of Mayors). While the identification of the best actions for reaching their long-term GHG emission reduction target constitutes a common decision-making problem for local authorities, it is also an intricate one: conflicting and incommensurable aspects such as environmental, economic, social and technical issues, as well as conflicting stakeholder interests should be dealt with simultaneously when actions have to be programmed. Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) methods are well-known to cope with these complexities and have already been used for decades in several fields. However, they have not been systematically used within the context of local CAPs. The methodologies which are normally implemented to support the prioritisation of actions wholly or to a great extent rely on economic analyses and do not capture the potential co-impacts. In this context, this paper proposes a general participatory framework for guiding collaborative prioritisation of actions as a methodology to help local authorities with the development of more sustainable CAPs, while using MCDA. Finally, advantages, limitations and further steps in research regarding the proposed framework are discussed.
Climate-resilient urban planning and architecture with GREENPASS illustrated by the case study ‘FLAIR in the City’ in Vienna
Authors: Kraus F , Scharf B
Published: September 2019

Urban growth and climate change are 2 of the main challenges worldwide [20]. Cities are growing rapidly while average temperatures are rising, and extreme weather conditions, as heavy rain events, are becoming more frequently. Soon 4 out of 5 EU citizens are living in cities [6]. The results are increasing costs for health expenses and infrastructure damages. Urban planning processes have to consider future climate conditions and the impact on people, buildings and the urban environment. Until today there was no simple solution to measure and calculate the climate impacts of urban developments. GREENPASS® is a technological breakthrough, the world’s first software-based technology for climate-resilient and resource-efficient urban development. After 9 years of scientific research and development the technology can easily be used by urban planners as architects and be integrated into existing urban planning workflows and processes.

With GREENPASS® the impact of buildings, materials and plants on urban climate become measurable and comparable in a standardized way – powered by ENVI-met®. It supports optimization of investments towards effects of Green Infrastructure (trees, green roofs and walls, …) such as cooling, thermal comfort, water retention and carbon sequestration. GREENPASS® allows to identify the optimal solution for any urban development. Supported projects receive finally a GREENPASS® certificate on their overall performance. The technology has already been applied successfully for more than 25 projects within Austria and Europe [3] and will be explained more in detail using the case study of ‘FLAIR in the City’ - the world’s first GREENPASS® Gold-certified residential building, located in Vienna/Austria.
Integrated evaluation of energy and emission reduction potential and management strategies for urban road systems
Authors: Anastasio S , Wu S , Bohne R A , Passer A , Spaun S , Kristensen T , Li J , Xie J , Kreiner H , Hoff I , Barbieri D M , Vignisdottir H R , Lau A , Amirkhanian S , Hoxha E
Published: September 2019

Solving the problems of high energy consumption and high emissions generated by the urban road systems is of great importance for the construction of low-carbon cities. Several tools have been developed to establish a method to evaluate the carbon emission related to the life cycle of road pavements. However, the lack of key basic data such as energy consumption, pollutants and carbon emissions, and accurate management policies have hindered the transition of urban roads to clean, low-carbon systems. The HERMES project aims to compile long-term dynamic inventory of urban road energy consumption and environmental emissions and build a life cycle model. The Data Envelopment Analysis model will be used to predict the energy saving and emission reduction potential of urban roads depending on the technological solution, establish a multi-criteria evaluation system that includes energy, environment, and economic parameters, identify the best available technological solution in different cities, and propose a more targeted and effective clean low-carbon management policies. The study will provide an accurate understanding of the environmental impact of urban roads in China and Europe, evaluate the potential for energy saving and emission reduction, and provide theoretical data and decision-making reference for a clean, low-carbon transition.
Towards housing sustainability: a framework for the decision-making process of tenants
Authors: Pagani A , Binder C R
Published: September 2019

The mismatch between the supply and demand of rental apartments in Switzerland represents an obstacle to the transition towards a more sustainable society. The difficulty for the housing providers to accommodate the fast societal change of the demand brings about an increase in vacancies and, to minimize investment risks, a resistance to innovation in the building sector. In this context, understanding the determinants of tenants’ residential mobility and location choice becomes key to designing and promoting sustainable housing. In this paper we present a new interdisciplinary framework for the decision-making process of tenants. To do so, we elucidate the main parameters of the decisions to move and where to move, based on literature review and a group discussion in the Swiss canton of Vaud with the tenants of the two housing providers SCHL and Swiss Mobiliar. We find that the desired housing function determines the tenants’ housing selection. We observe that this desired function changes according to the type of trigger that pushes tenants to move. Additionally, we elicit the potential sustainability implications of the housing functions in the Swiss context. We conclude that the framework can serve as a starting point for rethinking sustainable interventions in the housing sector.
Identification and comparison of LCA-BIM integration strategies
Authors: Wastiels L , Decuypere R
Published: September 2019

With increasing use of BIM (Building Information Modelling) in the design of construction projects, opportunities arise to integrate Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) in early design phases efficiently with minimum additional burden for the design team. Different levels of integration can be envisaged, ranging from a BOQ export (Bill Of Quantity) based on the BIM-model to import in native LCA-software, up to a real time LCA-calculation within the native design environment, giving real time feedback on design decisions, or alternatively utilizing the standardized BIM-information exchange format IFC. Based on the evaluation of existing tools, this paper focuses on the possible workflows for the integration of LCA and BIM. A comparative analysis between these different information flow structures exposes their advantages and disadvantages, depending on the design phase they are used in and the availability of generic, product-specific or manufacturer-specific LCA-data.
Sustainable building information modeling in the context of model-based integral planning
Authors: Ebertshäuser S , Graf K , Von Both P , Rexroth K , Di Bari R , Horn R
Published: September 2019

Solving complex issues of energy-efficiency – at the building as well as urban level – requires a holistic, integrated approach. The energetic behavior of a system should not only be considered in individual processes or phases, such as operation. A holistic optimization should rather consider the explicit energy flows as well as the material fluxes including the associated gray energies over the entire system life cycle. The realization of such a holistic integral planning process implies an integrated planning-accompanying evaluation and optimization of the planned object. The early use of LCA tools and sustainable building assessment systems (SBA) provides an important basis for assessing planning decisions at a conceptual level for their impact on the entire lifecycle of a building and for ensuring good sustainability performance.

In practice, however, it is currently evident that the non-standardized and inadequate connection of simulation and balancing tools (e.g. LCA) to BIM authoring tools and the resulting high time expenditure for data acquisition and LCA application counteracts with a targeted stronger penetration of the market.

For realizing a consistent integral planning process – especially in early planning phases – an IFC-based interface is being developed for the connection of LCA tools to BIM models (data input) and the preparation and configuration of the LCA result data for the designated use in different SBA. In this contribution, from the interface specifications for different levels of granularity and concretization in the different planning phases that are developed by means of norm-based processes of model standardization in an underlying research project, parts regarding the early project stages will be presented.
IBPSA Project 1: BIM/GIS and Modelica framework for building and community energy system design and operation – ongoing developments, lessons learned and challenges
Authors: Wetter M , van Treeck C , Helsen L , Maccarini A , Saelens D , Robinson D , Schweiger G
Published: September 2019

IBPSA Project 1 develops and demonstrates an open-source BIM/GIS and Modelica Framework for building and community energy system design and operation. The project builds further on the completed project IEA EBC Annex 60 “New generation computational tools for building and community energy systems based on the Modelica and Functional Mockup Interface standards.” This paper describes the motivation and approach of the project, and it provides an update about recent activities. These activities include development of a core Modelica library for building and community energy systems; development of BOPTEST, a virtual test bed to test advanced controllers such as MPC; development of GIS/BIM data model translators for Modelica; development of new workflows for improved productivity and quality assurance of urban-scale energy simulation; and development of DESTEST, a validation test for district energy models.
Evaluation of BIM based LCA in early design phase (low LOD) of buildings
Authors: Nilsen M , Bohne R A
Published: September 2019

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a convenient tool that is capable of collecting information throughout the whole life cycle of a building in one platform. The evolution in the digital BIM model in early design stages is not standardized, but Level of Development (LOD) is a concept that systematically structures the design processes divided into five levels. LOD is assessed in this paper as an opportunity to enhance the calculation of the environmental impacts in different early design stages more efficiently, using the methodology Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Enlightening the building elements that contribute to highest release of CO
2, permits early building material selection. This facilitates a pathway towards sustainable and environmentally friendly buildings. This study evaluates BIM based LCA in early design stages (low LOD) through literature reviews and a case study. This papers’ case study executes LCAs at different LOD levels using the LCA software One Click LCA (OCL). Assessments in LOD 200, LOD 300, LOD 350 and an additional LOD 350 were utilized. The additional LOD 350 was deployed when LCA experts had implemented changes within OCL. Moreover, a concretized suggestion where today’s unpredictable development of BIM becomes part of a LOD framework is proposed.
Lessons learned from assessing life cycle impacts for an environmental product declaration: Examples for run-of-river power plant
Authors: Meili C , Jungbluth N
Published: September 2019

When conducting life cycle assessments (LCA) for environmental product declarations (EPD), researchers struggle with many methodological questions. For certain products there are several standards (e.g. ISO and EN) and Product Category Rules (PCR) available which all seem applicable. These standards, however, might lead to different results. Depending on the standard, system boundaries might be drawn differently than typically done in ones preferred background database. Another common issue is a lack of a clear definition of assessment methods (version, download of factors) to be applied. Or on a more practical level, you might not know how or where to obtain certain requested figures from your LCA data or even how to start with building an appropriate model in the LCA-software. The authors of this paper explain each of these issues with an example from their practical work, provide their instant solutions and make suggestions for general improvement of the situation. In general, they call for a more precise and practical guideline and easy-to-use LCIA methods for conducting EPDs.
Large scale smart meter data assessment for energy benchmarking and occupant behaviour profile development
Authors: Horváth M , Adams J N , Deme Bélafi Z , Czétány L , Szalay Z , Várnagy S , Reith A , Csoknyai T
Published: September 2019

This paper will present objectives and first results of the research project entitled “Large Scale Smart Meter Data Assessment for Energy Benchmarking and Occupant Behaviour Profile Development of Building Clusters,” implemented in the geographical scope of Hungary. The project seeks to utilize a new and unique opportunity for accessing and processing an enormous dataset collected by smart meters. Recently in Hungary, nearly 10 000 buildings have been equipped with smart meters within the “Central Smart Grid Pilot Project”. By means of advanced data analysis techniques, consumption trends and motivations of building users are being investigated. The aims are to help building designers and engineers design more energy efficient buildings at lower investment costs by avoiding system oversizing, and to obtain better knowledge about hourly, daily and monthly energy consumption trends. Furthermore, standard net demand values for normative energy calculations can be updated and specified more precisely since consumption habits change with time and depend on the region.
Optimizing the economic, environmental and technical performance of concrete mixes with fly ash and recycled concrete aggregates
Authors: Kurda R , Silvestre J D , Brito J
Published: September 2019

This study answers an important question that may arise when selecting a sustainable concrete, namely “concrete mixes containing low cement and recycled aggregates are a sustainable solution?” To answer this question, this study shows how to optimize concrete mixes in terms of technical performance, and economic and environmental life cycle. Firstly, the weight to be considered for each of these dimensions of performance depends on the concrete application (e.g. residential house and high-rise building) and on the consumer’s requirements (e.g. business as usual, green, strength, service life and cost scenarios). In this study, concrete mixes containing recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) and/or fly ash (FA) are optimized to be used in sustainable residential houses. For that purpose, the CONCRETopmethodology (developed by the same authors of this study) was applied to these concrete mixes by considering a “green scenario”. The results show that, for sustainable residential houses, the concrete mixes made with high incorporation ratios of FA and RCA are considered the best option.
Variability of environmental impact of ready-mix concrete: a case study for Brazil
Authors: Silva F B , Oliveira L A , Yoshida O S , John V M
Published: September 2019

Life Cycle Assessment is a powerful tool towards sustainable construction, but it often relies on average impact results, failing to identify the dispersion of environmental impact among construction product manufacturers. This work presents cradle-to-gate impact results for ready-mix concrete production, based on primary data provided by several plants in Brazil, and the associated variability among plants and in the upstream processes of cement and sand production. Four compressive strength classes are considered. Concrete, cement and aggregates inventories are modeled with Brazilian information and other upstream processes are based on ecoinvent. EN 15804 impact categories are assessed. The ranges between minimum and maximum impact values can be as large as 7.2 times the average impact result of the analyzed sample, which shows that the variability among manufacturers is high and decisions based on average impacts may be highly misleading. For some impact categories, the differences among concrete plants (mix design, cement type and operational conditions) represent the highest contribution for variability, while for others the dominant variation comes from upstream processes, especially clinker production. These results indicate a high potential for process improvement and that manufacturer selection based on environmental performance can be an effective strategy for sustainable construction.
Overview of recycled concrete research through development years (2004-2018)
Authors: Xiao J , Singh A D , Duan Z , Pan Y , Qin J
Published: September 2019

Along with the urbanization process, large amount of construction and demolition (C&D) waste during the construction, reconstruction, expansion or demolition of buildings is generated. Meanwhile, the impact on environment due to natural aggregate mining has become increasingly significant. These factors have driven the building industry to look for environmentally friendly materials and focusing on sustainable construction. Through nearly a decade of research, recycled concrete (RC) made with recycled aggregates manufactured from construction and demolition (C&D) waste has shown a competitive performance compared to natural materials and has already achieved industrial application. Researches on sustainably recycled concrete have become an essential part of sustainable development and continue to play a vital role for future research.

This paper engages in the discussion and the overview of research done by the Research Group for Recycled Concrete Structures and Construction at Tongji University, Shanghai. The first part discusses the necessary mechanical and durability properties of recycled concrete with recycled aggregate as well as recycled powder focusing on workability, strength, Poisson’s ratio, stress-strain behaviour along with carbonation, chloride penetration shrinkage and creep. The second part throws light on the elements and structures made with recycled aggregate concrete (RAC), discussing the behaviours of RAC components and structures.
Environmental impact of timber frame walls
Authors: Steeman M , Himpe E , Vanroelen M , De Roeck M
Published: September 2019

Timber frame walls are increasingly applied nowadays due to the stringent energy performance requirements of buildings. The aim of this study was to investigate the environmental impact of this type of construction. Therefore, a cradle to gate analysis was used. The study consists of three consecutive steps. First the impact of the constituting materials was studied. The results show e.g. that the environmental impact of LVL studs is significantly larger than that of SLS studs or I-joists. Based on these results on material level, in the second stage three timber frame walls were designed and evaluated. All walls had the same thermal performance. When comparing the results, it was noted that the environmental impact of the wall with the highest impact is three times larger than that of the wall with the lowest impact. Finally, the study also looked at the additional impact of tapes for guaranteeing the air tightness of timber frame constructions and at the impact of fasteners. It could be concluded that the impact of tapes is negligible when looking at the total impact of the wall (less than 1%). The fasteners on the other hand, lead to an increase in environmental impact with almost 20%.
Life cycle assessment of rammed earth made using alkaline activated industrial by-products
Authors: Meek A H , Elchalakani M
Published: September 2019

Given increasing environmental concerns, lower energy building materials are being developed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The ancient technique rammed earth has been combined with modern industrial waste products to both reduce greenhouse gas emissions and reduce waste. The new rammed earth mixes have been developed using alkaline activation (sodium hydroxide) of industrial by-products: fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag and silica fume. This paper explores the ‘cradle-to-gate’ life cycle assessment, assessing global warming potential of these rammed earth materials, considering acquisition of raw or recycled materials and processing to final product of residential building envelope. These are compared with commonly used building envelope materials, brick veneer and cavity brickwork, and the more common rammed earth variety, cement-stabilised rammed earth. Results show that greenhouse gas emission savings can be made using these rammed earth mixes compared to the control building materials while achieving comparable or better material properties. Greenhouse gas emissions associated with the building envelope materials are reduced by more than half or one third when compared to cavity brickwork or brick veneer respectively. Following testing of the waste products in surplus in a given area, the same process could be followed for any geographic location.
Architectural Education for a Post-Fossil Future
Authors: Roswag-Klinge E , Pawlicki N , Crabbe M
Published: September 2019

The transformation to a post-fossil future will require us to radically rethink the way that we live, build, consume and educate. Currently in Europe the construction sector is responsible for nearly 40% of direct and indirect CO2 emissions [1] and 30% of waste [2] generated. With these numbers only increasing, young designers will carry a huge responsibility for reducing the sector’s impact on the environment. Yet in many cases architectural education continues to place form-making in the centre of the curriculum at the expense of an understanding of the complexities of planning in a post-fossil future.

Since its inception in 2017, the Natural Building Lab (NBL) at the Technische Universität Berlin has been exploring new methods of architectural education with the premise that new models and formats are needed in order to equip young designers with the tools they will need to affect change in a rapidly changing, globalised society. The projects undertaken by the Lab up till now have put an emphasis on self-determined learning as the vehicle to involve students proactively in urban-change processes. The first built projects from the Lab, while in diverse contexts, all combine circular, LowTech construction principles with the performance of natural building materials to produce a vision for a post-fossil architecture, often designed and realised by students in trans-disciplinary collaborations. The paper will look at the challenges facing architectural educators and how the Natural Building Lab is aiming to frame its pedagogic strategy based on the realities of resource scarcity and climate change.
A survey of private landlords in Karlsruhe and their perception of deep energy retrofit
Authors: Naber E , Lützkendorf T , Volk R , Schultmann F
Published: September 2019

Energy use related to buildings accounts for 35.3% of Germany’s final energy consumption and nearly a third of greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, deep energy retrofit (DER) has a substantial role in the German energy efficiency strategy. Although many DER measures are economically viable, the pace of DER is below expectations and target value. A few studies investigated this phenomenon and conducted surveys mostly among owner-occupiers. However, 54% of the 40.5 million apartments in Germany are rented and a total of 15 million are let by private (not professional) landlords. Therefore, this investigation focuses on private landlords to find out what drives or constrains them to do deep energy retrofitting. A survey was conducted in a quarter of Karlsruhe, a large city in Germany with an above-average demand-driven real estate market. In this quarter, 83.2% or 8464 apartments are rented. 85 private landlords who own 10% of the rented residential buildings in the quarter responded and gave insight into their perception of DER. The results show that the buildings of the respondents originate from a construction period with large saving potential. Main strategies for investments in DERs are conservation of economic value of the property and the compliance with legal requirements. The main trigger is required maintenance. Despite an eco-friendly attitude, ecological criteria have a minor part in the DER decision. Finally, policy recommendations are made.
Achieving net zero status in South Africa
Authors: Terblanche R
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this research is to determine how net zero buildings in South Africa can achieve net zero status. Net zero buildings are defined as energy efficient buildings with energy supply from renewable sources on-/or off-site or through offsets. The Green Building Council South Africa launched and certified the first four buildings in South Africa under its Net Zero Pilot Certification scheme in October 2017. Net zero status can be achieved in waste, water, carbon and ecology respectively. The concept of net zero buildings is thus new to South Africa and certain barriers needs to be overcome. A semi-structured questionnaire was sent out to developers in order to establish the perceived barriers by developers. Net zero buildings still needs to be commercially justified in South Africa. Cost and lack of incentives are definite barriers. The National Building Regulations of South Africa is a barrier to the development of net zero buildings as is does not require buildings to aim for net zero status. Requirements from national authorities could greatly impact changes in the approach to developments. There is a knowledge gap in the construction industry of sustainable and net zero buildings in South Africa regarding the benefits, implementation thereof as well as the actual costs.
The Mundel and Objective Matrix Model of Productivity Measurement at PT Adi Perkapalan
Authors: Yahya R , Mahachandra M , Handayani N U
Published: September 2019

The development of shipping sector especially in ship construction project is ship building or ship production will continue to increase from time to time. The productivity management is needed because it is important. The productivity calculation by using Mundel Model can be known from the decreasing of productivity index which is Galley part. The result of calculation by using the objective matrix (OMAX) method shown that there is an enhancement in the percentage of productivity total in 2017 but it is for the weight ratio of service which is services area and the third part. The improvement and evaluation are needed to be done to achieve a better productivity standard. There some proposals to the management to do an action to improve the productivity.
Mapping Delay Risks of EPC Projects: A Case Study of A Platform and Subsea Pipeline of An Oil and Gas Project
Authors: Hatmoko J.U.D. , Khasani R.R.
Published: September 2019

More than 80% of oil and gas projects around the world experience delays, which may result in huge financial implications to the contractors and the owners. Therefore, it is important to manage delay risks factors to meet the target of project completion dates. The purpose of this study was to map delay risk factors of Engineering, Procurement, Construction (EPC) projects using a case study of a platform and subsea pipeline of an oil and gas project. Data was collected through observations and analysis of project documents, and interviews with respondents in managerial and engineer levels. A total of 28 delay risk factors was identified and quantified in terms of their probabilities and impacts. This research found 1 extreme risk (4%), 15 high risks (54%), 11 medium risks (39%) and 1 low risk (4%). The top five risk factors include, i.e. contractor’s financial capability, delay in delivery of long-lead items, changes in the project scopes, delay of detailed engineering design (DED), lack of experience of contractors. These findings are beneficial for contractors and owners of oil and gas projects to understand delay risks better and to formulate risk mitigation strategies properly.
Readiness for Implementing Industry 4.0 in Food and Beverage Manufacturer in Indonesia
Authors: Ichsan M , Dachyar M , Farizal
Published: September 2019

Industry 4.0 leads new digital solutions to optimize the entire value stream in the whole manufacturing production systems. Current production systems are often based on the continuous improvement approach of lean management. New opportunities arise by implementing Industry 4.0. The digital transformation towards smart connected factories causes enormous changes in mechanical engineering industry starting from the development of cyber physical systems up to their application in the whole production systems. This paper aims to present the current manufacture state of food and beverage manufactures and the framework to implement digital transformation towards Industry 4.0. Technology Organizational Environment (TOE) method is used. Then Analytical Network Process (ANP) is introduced to reflect the correlation among criteria based on readiness perspective. Finally VIKOR is employed to rank the options on the basis of expert subjective preferences.
Dipole planar bowtie printed antenna for ism application
Authors: Andre H , Fernandez R , Baharuddin
Published: September 2019

Research about dipole planar printed antenna with bowtie shape is presented for ISM application in WIFI technology. Study of the effect flare angle as bowtie antenna parameters on return loss of antenna is simulated using high-frequency electromagnetic field simulation with different Finite Element Method (FEM). The results show bowtie antenna with double flare angle is better than the traditional bowtie antenna and operate in triple band frequency.
Towards hand gesture-based control of virtual keyboards for effective communication
Authors: Rusydi Muhammad Ilhamdi , Oktrison  , Azhar Willy , Oluwarotimi Samuel W , Rusydi Febdian
Published: September 2019

Individuals with disabilities are often restricted from performing certain daily life activities that the non-disabled persons would normally perform. One of such restrictions is regarding daily life communication that would require listening, speaking, and sometimes movement of one’s body part often referred to as a gesture. Thus, disabled persons without fingers and cannot speak fluently finds it challenging to communicate effectively during daily life activities. Therefore, a virtual Graphical User Interface (GUI)-based keyboard communication tool is developed in this study to aid such individuals in their daily life activities. The developed virtual GUI-based keyboard can support the different directional movement of the hand including up, down, left, and right, that were coded as different communication signs. The choice “select” can be done by turning the wrist up and “erasing” by turning the wrist down. Every hand movement is read and translated by a leap motion sensor. There are two kinds of GUI used in this research, the first GUI with the Alphabet key is equipped with a pictorial word while the second GUI Qwerty comes with a pictorial word. Experimental results concerning the effectiveness of the typing effectiveness show the alphabet GUI has a faster typing time than the Qwerty GUI with an average difference of fewer than 15 seconds.
Assessing safety performance of tire retreading production employees
Authors: Fithri P , Wirdianto E , Yoselina A
Published: September 2019

Occupational health and safety are one of the important studies that must be applied in the company. This study aims to determine the index of occupational hazards on tire retreading activities in PT. Inti Vulkatama. Direct observation of work behavior is done by evaluating hazard as well as with safety performance index (SPI) approach. The instruments were used in this research are critical behavior checklist (CBC) questionnaire and analytical hierarchy process questionnaire (AHP) for each workstation in the processing department of the hot and cold process. Based on the results of SPI calculations that have been integrated between the results of questionnaires CBC and AHP obtained workstation with the value of SPI < 0,5 indicated unsafe is scrape workstation with SPI 0.498, side cut workstation with SPI 0.496, and hot process workstation with SPI 0.492.
Corrosion behavior of Ti6Al4V ELI coated by bioceramic HA in artificial saliva at fluctuating temperatures
Authors: Muharni R , Gunawarman  , Yetri Y
Published: September 2019

Titanium and titanium alloy have been used widely in both orthopedic and orthodontic applications. Dental implant in orthodontic is utilized to replace the missing teeth through implanting them into the human jaw as a teeth root. Ti6Al4V is one of a titanium alloy that has been developed as a dental implant due to its mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, and bio-compatibility. Hydroxyapatite is applied as the coating material is significantly a solution to overcome the inert properties of Ti6Al4V and becomes bioactive. The study goal is to determine the corrosion rate of Ti6Al4V ELI coated nano-sized hydroxyapatite using electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method applying the 5 V voltage and in 5 minutes. The implant was soaked in a solution of artificial saliva for six weeks at fluctuated temperature, 20°C and 60°C. The results showed that the corrosion rate decreased from 1.1413 mpy to 0.4236 mpy because of hydroxyapatite coating. By the hardness properties also decreased from 318 HVN into 203 HVN. This indicated that the nano-hydroxyapatite might inhibit corrosion behavior and during corrosion process occurred the implant was not able to maintain its mechanical properties.
Dietary Inflammatory Index and Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma Risk: A Population-Based Case-Control Study in New Caledonia
Authors: Paquet Melanie , Shivappa Nitin , Hébert James R , Baron-Dubourdieu Dominique , Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine , Guénel Pascal , Truong Thérèse
Published: September 2019

Despite research efforts, current knowledge of the etiology of thyroid carcinoma remains limited. To explore the potential role of diet-induced inflammation, we examined the association between differentiated thyroid cancer risk and the energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII) in a population-based case-control study conducted in New Caledonia, a Pacific archipelago with one of the highest recorded thyroid cancer incidence rates in the world. The E-DII was computed from food frequency questionnaire information on usual dietary intake. Logistic regression analyses were performed on data from 324 histologically confirmed cases of papillary or follicular carcinoma, diagnosed from 1993 to 1999, and 402 controls. Positive associations between E-DII and thyroid cancer risk were observed (comparing extreme tertiles, odds ratio = 1.67, 95% confidence interval: 1.08, 2.58; P for trend = 0.002), with stronger associations found for larger carcinomas (P for trend = 0.0005). Stratified analyses showed an increased risk of thyroid cancer associated with the E-DII among Southern province residents (P for trend = 0.003), Melanesian women (P for trend = 0.02), obese participants (P for trend = 0.006), and ever-smokers (P for trend = 0.0005). Our results suggest that a proinflammatory diet—especially when concomitant with other inflammation-inducing conditions or habits (e.g., obesity, smoking)—is associated with increased risk of thyroid carcinoma.
Public Transport Strikes and Their Relationships With Air Pollution, Mortality, and Hospital Admissions
Authors: Triguero-Mas Margarita , Martínez-Solanas Èrica , Barrera-Gómez Jose , Agis David , Pérez Noemí , Reche Cristina , Alastuey Andrés , Querol Xavier , Pérez Katherine , Basagaña Xavier
Published: September 2019

There is limited suggestive evidence of relationships between public transport strikes and either increased air pollution or worse population health. In this study we aimed to assess whether public transport strikes were associated with increases in health events (overall, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality, and cardiovascular and respiratory hospitalizations). We also explored whether air pollution mediated those associations. We used data from the city of Barcelona (Spain) for the period 2005–2016 on strikes, health events, and ambient air pollution (nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen monoxide, particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm, PM with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5μm, PM with an aerodynamic diameter ≤1μm, number of particles with a diameter greater than 5 nm per cm3 (particle number concentration), and black carbon). We used linear and quasi-Poisson regression models to explore the associations between air pollution and public transport strikes and between public transport strikes and health outcomes. We also investigated potential causal mediation by air pollution. Overall, this study suggested that public transport strikes are associated with increased overall mortality, respiratory mortality, and respiratory hospitalizations. However, our findings suggest that such increases are not mediated by the increase in air pollution. Our results indicate the need to further investigate these relationships and potential mechanisms.
Diversity of Birds Along an Elevational Gradient in The Cordillera Central, Costa Rica
Authors: Blake John G. , Loiselle Bette A.
Published: September 2019

Species diversity and community composition of birds change rapidly along elevational gradients in Costa Rica. Such changes are of interest ecologically and illustrate the value of protecting continuous gradients of forest. We used mist nets and point counts to sample birds along an elevational gradient on the northeastern Caribbean slope of the Cordillera Central in Costa Rica. Sites included mature tropical wet forest (50 m); tropical wet, cool transition forest (500 m); tropical premontane rain forest (1,000 m); and tropical lower montane rain forest (1,500 and 2,000 m). We recorded 261 species from 40 families, including 168 species captured in mist nets (7,312 captures) and 226 detected during point counts (17,071 observations). The sample included 40 threatened species, 56 elevational migrants, and 22 latitudinal migrants. Species richness (based on rarefaction analyses) changed little from 50 to 1,000 m but was lower at 1,500 and 2,000 m. Mist nets and point counts often provided similar views of community structure among sites based on relative importance of difference categories of species (e.g. migrant status, trophic status). Nonetheless, important differences existed in numbers and types of species represented by the two methods. Ninety-three species were detected on point counts only and 35 were captured only. Ten families, including ecologically important ones such as Psittacidae and Cotingidae, were not represented by captures. Elevational migrants and threatened species occurred throughout the gradient, illustrating the need to protect forest at all elevations. A comparable study from the Cordillera de Tilarán (Young et al. 1998) demonstrated similar patterns of species change along an elevational gradient. Comparisons with that study illustrated that point counts are a valuable complement to mist-net studies. Both studies indicated the diverse nature of the avifauna along elevational gradients in Costa Rica.
Nestling Growth and Thermoregulatory Development in Subalpine Dusky Flycatchers
Authors: Pereyra Maria Elena , Morton Martin L.
Published: September 2019

The Dusky Flycatcher (Empidonax oberholseri), a small, open-nesting Neotropical migrant, is a relatively common summer inhabitant of subalpine environments in the western and southwestern United States. Nestling growth and development of thermoregulation were studied in a population at Tioga Pass (3,000 m) in the eastern Sierra Nevada of California. Despite the selective advantages that might be expected from accelerating rates of growth and thermoregulatory development, in an environment where the season was relatively short and cold temperatures and inclement weather were common, there was little evidence of adaptive modification in either of those parameters; growth rates were comparable to those of other tyrant flycatchers. Feather eruption began around day 5, brushing in dorsal and ventral tracts began two days later, and brushing of the flight feathers around day 9. Asymptotic body masses were attained around day 12, but nestlings did not fledge for another 4 to 5 days. The physiological development of endothermy was closely correlated with increases in body mass and accompanying decreases in surface-area-to-volume ratio and age, but was not significantly correlated with changes in plumage development, when mass and age were statistically controlled. On exposure to ambient temperatures between −3 and 5°C for 10 min (roughly twice as long as the average female bout of inattentiveness), individual nestlings were unable to prevent deep hypothermia until after day 7. Homeothermy, at 80% of adult levels, was not attained until after day 12, although broods of nestlings maintained relatively stable body temperatures as early as day 5. Whereas clutch sizes in this population generally ranged from two to four eggs, the most stable thermal environments were provided by broods of three or four chicks. Although broods of nestlings were generally able to maintain temperatures within 5°C of adult levels, temperature profiles during storms indicated a remarkable capacity for nestlings to tolerate temperatures in the nest as low as 15°C for periods as long as 4 h without apparent ill effect.
Consequences of Dominance-Mediated Habitat Segregation in American Redstarts During the Nonbreeding Season
Authors: Marra Peter P. , Holmes Richard T.
Published: September 2019

Several species of migratory songbirds exhibit a distinct form of habitat segregation while on their Neotropical wintering grounds in which males and females occupy different habitat types. In the American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla), that sexual habitat segregation is a result of behavioral dominance of older males. In that study, we examined whether such dominance behavior and the resulting differential habitat segregation has consequences for the condition or survival of excluded individuals. We quantified the physical condition and survival of redstarts (both males and females) occupying two habitat types that differed in the proportion of males and females present in Jamaica. Both sexes of redstarts occupying female-biased habitat lost significantly more mass over-winter and had lower annual survival and longevity compared to individuals in male-biased habitat. These results suggest that nonbreeding habitats differed in suitability, with the least suitable habitat being occupied predominately by females. Because most female redstarts are forced to over-winter in these kinds of habitats, they may often be in poor physiological condition prior to departing on spring migration for the breeding grounds. This in turn may influence dynamics of the breeding period by determining their condition and perhaps reproductive success. Furthermore, because winter habitat segregation appears to lower female survivorship, it may also limit the number and availability of breeding females. These results implicate events that occur during the nonbreeding period as playing a critical role in the annual dynamics of this migratory species.
Sex-related Differences in Habitat Use in Wintering American Kestrels
Authors: Ardia Daniel R. , Bildstein Keith L.
Published: September 2019

We investigated sex-related differences in habitat use in wintering American Kestrels (Falco sparverius) at two scales: within a 10 m radius and within a 100 m radius of perch sites. Female kestrels used areas containing a higher percentage of short vegetation (<0.25 m high) suitable for foraging than did males at both scales (100 m radius females 80%, males 69%; 10 m radius females 80%, males 73%). At both scales, females had more pasture (a high-quality foraging substrate) available than did males; areas within a 100 m radius of male perch sites contained more woodlot than did female perch sites. Logistic regression models indicated greater overlap between male and female habitat use on a 10 m radius scale than on a 100 m radius scale, suggesting that males may preferentially select smaller areas devoid of woody vegetation relative to what is available within 100 m radius of perch sites. Our results suggest that males may be constrained to winter in areas with lower overall foraging opportunities and possibly higher predation risk than areas used by females. Our work supports the hypothesis that males and female kestrels prefer open areas as wintering habitat.
Composition and Growth of King Eider Ducklings in Relation to Egg Size
Authors: Anderson Vanessa R. , Alisauskas Ray T.
Published: September 2019

In several bird species, offspring from larger eggs survive better than birds from smaller eggs, but mechanisms responsible for that pattern have not been clearly identified. Studies of waterfowl have found relationships between egg size, body composition of hatchlings, and duckling growth. Therefore, body composition and growth rate of newly hatched King Eider (Somateria spectabilis) ducklings were measured to assess if traits consistent with higher probability of survival early in duckling varied in relation to egg size. Forty-one King Eider eggs were collected in June and July 1998 from two lakes in the central Canadian Arctic, and artificially incubated, of which 34 hatched. Body composition of 15 hatchlings (<1 day old) was determined, and 19 ducklings were raised in captivity to measure growth rate. Larger eggs produced larger ducklings with absolutely more lipid and protein reserve; absolutely larger breast and leg muscles; higher functional maturity for whole body, leg, and breast muscles; and higher tarsal growth rates than ducklings from small eggs. Such patterns of hatchling composition and growth in relation to increasing egg size may improve likelihood of early survival by improving thermogenesis, reducing time spent as optimal prey size for avian predators, and as shown elsewhere, by enhancing motor performance of ducklings through improvements in foraging efficiency and predator evasion.