bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strengthening Gastric Cancer Therapy by Trastuzumab-Conjugated Nanoparticles with Simultaneous Encapsulation of Anti-MiR-21 and 5-Fluorouridine
Authors: Hu Nan , Yin Jun Feng  , Ji Ze , Hong Yidong , Wu Puyuan , Bian Baoxiang , Song Ziyan , Li Rutian , Liu Qin , Wu Fenglei
Published: December 2017

Background/Aims: MicroRNA-21 is an oncogenic miR (oncomiR) frequently elevated in gastric cancer (GC). Overexpression of miR-21 decreases the sensitivity of GC cells to 5-fluorouridine (5-Fu) and trastuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Receptor-mediated endocytosis plays a crucial role in the delivery of biotherapeutics including anti-miRNA oligonucleotides (AMOs). This study is a continuation of earlier findings involving poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)-poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) nanoparticles (PEG-PCL NPs), which were coated with trastuzumab to target GC with HER2 receptor over-expression using anti-miRNA-21 (AMO-21) and 5-Fu. Methods: HER-PEG-PCL NPs were prepared by one-step carbodiimide coupling using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDAc) and Sulfo-NHS in aqueous phase. Covalent coupling of amino groups at the surface of PEG-PCL with the carboxyl groups of trastuzumab was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). AMO-21/5-Fu NPs were formulated by a double-emulsion solvent evaporation technique. The cell line specificity, cellular uptake and AMO-21 delivery were investigated through the rhodamine-B-labeled 6-carboxyfluorescein (FAM)-AMO-21-PEG-PCL NPs coated with or without the antibody in both Her2-positive (NUGC4) and negative GC cells (SGC7901) visualized by fluorescence microscopy. The cytotoxicity of the HER-PEG-PCL NPs encapsulating AMO-21 was evaluated by MTT and apoptosis. Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to examine miR-21 and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and Sprouty2 expression in GC cell lines. The antitumor effects of AMO-21/5-Fu NPs were compared with other groups in xenograft gastric cancer mice. Results: The antibody conjugates significantly enhanced the cellular uptake of NPs. The AMO-21/5-Fu NPs effectively suppressed the target miRNA expression in GC cells, which further up-regulated PTEN and Sprouty2. As a result, the sensitivity of HER2-expressing gastric cancer to trastuzumab and 5-Fu were enhanced both in vitro and in vivo. The approach enhanced the targeting by trastuzumab as well as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) of immune effector cells Conclusions: Taken together, the results provide insight into the biological and clinical potential of targeted AMO-21 and 5-Fu co-delivery using modified trastuzumab for GC treatment.
Short-Term Outcomes and Factors Associated With Adverse Events Among Adults Discharged From the Emergency Department After Treatment for Acute Heart Failure
Authors: Sax Dana R. , Mark Dustin G. , Hsia Renee Y. , Tan Thida C. , Tabada Grace H. , Go Alan S.
Published: December 2017

Background

Although 80% of patients with heart failure seen in the emergency department (ED) are admitted, less is known about short-term outcomes and demand for services among discharged patients.

Methods and Results

We examined adult members of a large integrated delivery system who visited an ED for acute heart failure and were discharged from January 1, 2013, through September 30, 2014. The primary outcome was a composite of repeat ED visit, hospital admission, or death within 7 days of discharge. We identified multivariable baseline patient-, provider-, and facility-level factors associated with adverse outcomes within 7 days of ED discharge using logistic regression. Among 7614 patients, mean age was 77.2 years, 51.9% were women, and 28.4% were people of color. Within 7 days of discharge, 75% had outpatient follow-up (clinic, telephone, or e-mail), 7.1% had an ED revisit, 4.7% were hospitalized, and 1.2% died. Patients who met the primary outcome were more likely to be older, smokers, have a history of hemorrhagic stroke, hypothyroidism, and dementia, and less likely to be treated in a facility with an observation unit. In multivariable analysis, higher comorbidity scores and history of smoking were associated with a higher odds of the primary outcome, whereas treatment in a facility with an observation unit and presence of outpatient follow-up within 7 days were associated with a lower odds.

Conclusions

We identified selected hospital and patient characteristics associated with short-term adverse outcomes. Further understanding of these factors may optimize safe outpatient management in ED-treated patients with heart failure.
NT-proBNP (N-Terminal pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide)-Guided Therapy in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure
Authors: Stienen Susan , Salah Khibar , Moons Arno H. , Bakx Adrianus L. , van Pol Petra , Kortz R. A. Mikael , Ferreira João Pedro , Marques Irene , Schroeder-Tanka Jutta M. , Keijer Jan T. , Bayés-Genis Antoni , Tijssen Jan G.P. , Pinto Yigal M. , Kok Wouter E.
Published: December 2017

Background:

The concept of natriuretic peptide guidance has been extensively studied in patients with chronic heart failure (HF), with only limited success. The effect of NT-proBNP (N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide)-guided therapy in patients with acute decompensated HF using a relative NT-proBNP target has not been investigated. This study aimed to assess whether NT-proBNP-guided therapy of patients with acute decompensated HF using a relative NT-proBNP target would lead to improved outcomes compared with conventional therapy.

Methods:

We conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial to study the impact of in-hospital guidance for acute decompensated HF treatment by a predefined NT-proBNP target (>30% reduction from admission to discharge) versus conventional treatment. Patients with acute decompensated HF with NT-proBNP levels >1700 ng/L were eligible. After achieving clinical stability, 405 patients were randomized to either NT-proBNP-guided or conventional treatment (1:1). The primary end point was dual: a composite of all-cause mortality and HF readmissions in 180 days and the number of days alive out of the hospital in 180 days. Secondary end points were all-cause mortality within 180 days, HF readmissions within 180 days, and a composite of all-cause mortality and HF readmissions within 90 days.

Results:

Significantly more patients in the NT-proBNP-guided therapy group were discharged with an NT-proBNP reduction of >30% (80% versus 64%,
P
=0.001). Nonetheless, NT-proBNP-guided therapy did not significantly improve the combined event rate for all-cause mortality and HF readmissions (hazard ratio, 0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.72–1.37;
P
=0.99) or the median number of days alive outside of the hospital (178 versus 179 days for NT-proBNP versus conventional patients,
P
=0.39). Guided therapy also did not significantly improve any of the secondary end points.

Conclusions:

The PRIMA II trial (Can NT-ProBNP-Guided Therapy During Hospital Admission for Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Reduce Mortality and Readmissions?) demonstrates that the guidance of HF therapy to reach an NT-proBNP reduction of >30% after clinical stabilization did not improve 6-month outcomes.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
http://www.trialregister.nl
. Unique identifier: NTR3279.
Second Arterial Versus Venous Conduits for Multivessel Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery in California
Authors: Goldstone Andrew B. , Chiu Peter , Baiocchi Michael , Wang Hanjay , Lingala Bharathi , Boyd Jack H. , Woo Y. Joseph
Published: December 2017

Background:

Whether a second arterial conduit improves outcomes after multivessel coronary artery bypass grafting remains unclear. Consequently, arterial conduits other than the left internal thoracic artery are seldom used in the United States.

Methods:

Using a state-maintained clinical registry including all 126 nonfederal hospitals in California, we compared all-cause mortality and rates of stroke, myocardial infarction, repeat revascularization, and sternal wound infection between propensity score–matched cohorts who underwent primary, isolated multivessel coronary artery bypass grafting with the left internal thoracic artery, and who received a second arterial conduit (right internal thoracic artery or radial artery, n=5866) or a venous conduit (n=53 566) between 2006 and 2011. Propensity score matching using 34 preoperative characteristics yielded 5813 matched sets. A subgroup analysis compared outcomes between propensity score–matched recipients of a right internal thoracic artery (n=1576) or a radial artery (n=4290).

Results:

Second arterial conduit use decreased from 10.7% in 2006 to 9.1% in 2011 (
P
<0.0001). However, receipt of a second arterial conduit was associated with significantly lower mortality (13.1% versus 10.6% at 7 years; hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72–0.87), and lower risks of myocardial infarction (hazard ratio, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.70–0.87) and repeat revascularization (hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.76–0.88). In comparison with radial artery grafts, right internal thoracic artery grafts were associated with similar mortality rates (right internal thoracic artery 10.3% versus radial artery 10.7% at 7 years; hazard ratio, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.89–1.37) and individual risks of cardiovascular events, but the risk of sternal wound infection was increased (risk difference, 1.07%; 95% CI, 0.15–2.07).

Conclusions:

Second arterial conduit use in California is low and declining, but arterial grafts were associated with significantly lower mortality and fewer cardiovascular events. A right internal thoracic artery graft offered no benefit over that of a radial artery, but did increase risk of sternal wound infection. These findings suggest surgeons should consider lowering their threshold for using arterial grafts, and the radial artery may be the preferred second conduit.
On the Derivational Entropy of Left-to-Right Probabilistic Finite-State Automata and Hidden Markov Models
Authors: Sánchez Joan Andreu , Rocha Martha Alicia , Romero Verónica , Villegas Mauricio
Published: December 2017

Probabilistic finite-state automata are a formalism that is widely used in many problems of automatic speech recognition and natural language processing. Probabilistic finite-state automata are closely related to other finite-state models as weighted finite-state automata, word lattices, and hidden Markov models. Therefore, they share many similar properties and problems. Entropy measures of finite-state models have been investigated in the past in order to study the information capacity of these models. The derivational entropy quantifies the uncertainty that the model has about the probability distribution it represents. The derivational entropy in a finite-state automaton is computed from the probability that is accumulated in all of its individual state sequences. The computation of the entropy from a weighted finite-state automaton requires a normalized model. This article studies an efficient computation of the derivational entropy of left-to-right probabilistic finite-state automata, and it introduces an efficient algorithm for normalizing weighted finite-state automata. The efficient computation of the derivational entropy is also extended to continuous hidden Markov models.
Donors and Founders on Charter School Boards and Their Impact on Financial and Academic Outcomes
Authors: Gulosino Charisse A. , Şişli Ciamarra Elif
Published: December 2017

This study provides the first systematic analysis of the composition of charter school governing boards. We assemble a dataset of charter school boards in Massachusetts from 2001 to 2013 and investigate the consequences of donor and founder representation on governing boards. We find that the presence of donors on the charter school boards is positively related to financial performance and attribute this result to the donors' strong monitoring incentives because of their financial stakes in the school. We also show that financial outcomes are not generated at the expense of academic outcomes, as the presence of donors on the boards is also associated with higher student achievement. Founder representation on charter school boards, on the other hand, is associated with lower financial performance but higher academic achievement.
Shirakaba and Rodin: A Transnational Dialogue between Japan and France
Authors: Schoneveld Erin
Published: December 2017

This essay examines the role ofShirakaba(White Birch, 1910-1923) as an art magazine that aspired to create new audiences and foster the exchange of ideas by providing an alternate space to address diverse views about modern art, literature, theory, and identity. In addition to introducing European modernism to Japan through the writings of western artists, authors, and thinkers,Shirakabacreated access to and direct exchange of artwork with a number of artists such as Auguste Rodin (1840-1917), Heinrich Vogeler (1872-1942), Max Klinger (1857-1920), and Bernard Leach (1887-1979). Among these,Shirakaba’stransnational dialogue with the French sculptor Auguste Rodin was the most significant. I argue thatShirakaba’sdiscourse with Rodin not only facilitated new forums for the public access and display of modern art in Japan, but also was emblematic of its humanist ideology rooted in artistic subjectivity and self-expression.
Justicia barapaniensis, a new name for Justicia salicifolia T. Anderson (Acanthaceae)
Authors: SOUMYA PULIYAKODE , SUNOJKUMAR PURAYIDATHKANDY
Published: December 2017

Justicia salicifolia Anderson (1867: 514) was originally described based on specimens collected from Khasia hills of Meghalaya, India. It was used in many floras for more than a century (e.g. Clarke 1885, Perkins 1904, Gamble 1921, Merrill 1923, Benoist 1936, Graham 1988, Kartikeyan et al. 2009). However, the Anderson’s name is a later homonym of Justicia salicifolia Blume (1826: 787) and hence illegitimate. Studies in consultation with both the type materials revealed that the name Justicia salicifolia was applied to two different taxa. Therefore, a new name is proposed here for the later homonym.
Digital exclusion – definicje, przyczyny, przeciwdziałanie
Authors: Tomczyńska Wioleta
Published: December 2017

Digital exclusion: definitions, causes, countermeasuresThe purpose of this article is to present some forms of digital exclusion. The article discusses what digital exclusion is and identifies the main causes and social consequences of the phenomenon. By determining the ways of counteracting digital exclusion, the author refers to Operational Programme Digital Poland for 2014–2020. In addition, the author presents the results of her analysis of preventing digital exclusion in rural areas. Digital exclusion – definicje, przyczyny, przeciwdziałanieCelem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie zjawiska wykluczenia cyfrowego. W artykule omówiono, czym jest wykluczenie cyfrowe, wskazano główne przyczyny oraz społeczne konsekwencje zjawiska. Określając sposoby przeciwdziałania wykluczeniu cyfrowemu, autorka odwołuje się do Programu Operacyjnego Polska Cyfrowa. Ponadto autorka przedstawia wyniki wykonanej przez siebie analizy dotyczącej przeciwdziałania wykluczeniu cyfrowemu na obszarach wiejskich.
Rola mediów i innych agend socjalizacji jako źródła wiedzy młodzieży o seksualności
Authors: Woźniak Maria
Published: December 2017

The media and other agents of socialization as youths’ sources of knowledge about sexualityThe discourse on sexual education expresses great diversity of norms, beliefs, and attitudes towards sex and is dominated by the voices of adults who belong to the political and symbolic elites (i.e., politicians, teachers, clergy). Thus, the opinions of young people, which often reflect authentic personal and generational needs, are too often ignored. What is more, research shows that parents often seem to avoid discussions regarding sexuality with their children, ceding the responsibility to educate young people on the school. However, evaluations of how "introduction to family life" curriculum is implemented suggest that it is often conducted on an unsatisfactory level. Consequently, young people are forced to acquire and verify information about sexuality on their own. Based on individual in‑depth interviews this analysis refers to chosen sources from which young people obtain knowledge about sexuality. The article focuses on one of such sources: the media (including the Internet). It aims also to discuss young people's ambivalence towards self-acquired knowledge about sexuality. Rola mediów i innych agend socjalizacji jako źródła wiedzy młodzieży o seksualnościDyskusja dotycząca edukacji seksualnej wyraża olbrzymią różnorodność norm, wierzeń oraz postaw wobec seksu i zdominowana jest przez głosy osób dorosłych należących do elit politycznych i symbolicznych (np. polityków, nauczycieli, duchownych). Opinie młodych ludzi, które nierzadko są odzwierciedleniem ich osobistych i pokoleniowych potrzeb, są natomiast nader często ignorowane. Co więcej, badania pokazują, że rodzice raczej unikają rozmów ze swoimi dziećmi na temat szeroko pojętej seksualności, cedując pośrednio obowiązek edukowania młodych ludzi w tym zakresie na szkołę. Ewaluacje realizacji „wychowania do życia w rodzinie” sugerują jednak, że jej poziom jest niesatysfakcjonujący. Wobec powyższego młodzi ludzie nie tylko zmuszeni są sami zdobywać informacje na ten temat, ale także je selekcjonować i weryfikować. Oparta na indywidualnych wywiadach pogłębionych analiza wskazuje wybrane źródła, z jakich młodzi ludzie czerpią wiedzę dotyczącą seksualności. Artykuł skupia się na jednym z tych źródeł: na mediach (w tym na internecie) i omawia ambiwalencję odczuwaną przez młodych ludzi w stosunku do samodzielnie uzyskiwanej wiedzy dotyczącej seksualności.
Cyfrowy eksperyment gazet codziennych: konieczność czy pochopny ruch?
Authors: Gajda-Łaszewska Małgorzata
Published: December 2017

Digital experiment of daily newspapers: necessity or hasty misstep?The deep crisis suffered over the years by daily newspapers resulted largely from the fall of the financial model of the sector. A breakdown of the financing system threatened the existence of the traditional model of serious reporting viewed as a service to society. The marginalization of print newspapers, outflow of readers and advertisers and serious competition in the form of the Internet made newsmakers take up the steps for survival. The following work tries to look at the process and show and assess different ways of the newspapers' adaptation of news to the new media as well as the tactics of reaching receivers in the new reality. Starting from more traditional online portals of print newspapers which introduce paywalls and premium content reserved only for subscribers through news aggregators to tabloid news in the social media. Decreasing interest in serious information, especially among young audiences, on the one hand, and assigning the status of news to the stories from the world of celebrities and entertainment on the other, redefine the very concept of news and additionally pose a question about the level of information in society. Cyfrowy eksperyment gazet codziennych: konieczność czy pochopny ruch?Głęboki kryzys, jaki przeżywają gazety codzienne w ostatnich latach, wynika w dużej mierze z upadku modelu biznesowego, na którym ich funkcjonowanie się opierało. Zachwianie podstaw finansowych sprawiło, że istnienie tradycyjnego „poważnego” dziennikarstwa uważanego za służbę wobec społeczeństwa zostało zagrożone. Marginalizacja gazet drukowanych, odpływ czytelników i reklamodawców, konkurencja ze strony Internetu: wszystkie te zjawiska doprowadziły do podjęcia przez gazety codzienne walki o przetrwanie. Poniższa praca jest próbą spojrzenia na ten proces i oceny różnych taktyk adaptacyjnych podejmowanych przez gazety w celu dostosowania wiadomości do nowych realiów i nowych wymagań odbiorców. Przedyskutuje np. strategie wprowadzania płatnych treści dostępnych jedynie dla subskrybentów przez portale tradycyjnych gazet drukowanych, ale także zajmie się nowymi formami przedstawiania wiadomości jak agregatory w mediach społecznościowych. Spadek zainteresowania wiadomościami ze strony młodych odbiorców oraz przypisywanie statusu newsów informacjom ze świata rozrywki redefiniuje samo pojęcie wiadomości i dodatkowo podnosi pytanie o poziom doinformowania społecznego.
Output feedback nonlinear energy-saving position control of electro-hydraulic asymmetric actuator
Authors: Wang Weiping , Zhao Jiyun , Ding Haigang
Published: December 2017

Both precise tracking performance and significant energy-saving effect are important issues for electro-hydraulic systems. Different from other available actuation methods, the electro-hydraulic systems generally suffer from severe energy consumption. To deal with the problem of energy saving and position tracking simultaneously, an output feedback nonlinear energy-saving controller is presented for electro-hydraulic asymmetric actuator. Specifically, the pump pressure is variable controlled in an open-loop manner based on the desired trajectory and system parameters to improve the system efficiency according to the concept of load-sensing control. Additionally, both the system states and the lumped uncertainties including parametric uncertainties and uncertain nonlinearities are estimated by an extended sliding mode observer. Moreover, a robust tracking controller is constructed to ensure a prescribed tracking performance. Thus, the multi-problem is resolved using only position measurement. The stability of the controller is verified by Lyapunov method, and the internal dynamics are demonstrated. The effectiveness of the controller is demonstrated by comparative experimental results.
Hybrid Endovascular Aortic Arch Reconstruction for Acute Aortic Dissection: An Endovascular Bridge Technique for Complex Anatomy
Authors: Rogers Michael P. , Reskin Sophie M. , Ubert Adam , Black Matthew C. , Grubb Kendra J.
Published: December 2017

Acute type A aortic dissections starting at the arch pose a challenge for cardiac surgeons. Open surgical repair requires deep hypothermic circulatory arrest for arch reconstruction and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Hybrid aortic repair techniques, with open arch debranching and thoracic endovascular aortic repair, have been employed in high-risk cases and challenging aortic pathology. Herein, we present a case of a 33-year-old African American male with a history of open thoracoabdominal aortic reconstruction and femoral–femoral artery bypass for a type B dissection who subsequently presented with new-onset chest pain and was found to have a retrograde type A dissection of a bovine arch with multiple dissection flaps and possible contrast extravasation on chest computed tomography. Endovascular reconstruction of the aortic arch using a hybrid technique was utilized and proved to be feasible and further should be considered when complex anatomy limits traditional surgical options.
Damage Index for Different Structural Systems Subjected to Recorded Earthquake Ground Motions
Authors: Rodriguez Mario E.
Published: December 2017

This study quantifies the damage index previously proposed by the writer ( Rodriguez 2015 ) for different structural systems subjected to a set of earthquake ground motions recorded during 12 strong earthquakes in different countries. Damage spectra were also computed using this seismic damage index. This study revisits the previously proposed index and shows that this index can also be interpreted as a ratio of velocities in the structural system responding to the earthquake demand. In addition, this study gives a more general damage analysis interpretation than that of the previous study since damage spectra were computed to assess the damage potential of a given recorded earthquake ground motion for different types of earthquake-resisting systems. The results from the damage analysis are consistent with the findings from previous research: most structural wall buildings show satisfactory earthquake performance, whereas frame buildings frequently show severe damage and collapse.
Abordagens teóricas de tecnologia social no Brasil
Authors: Duque Thais Oliveira , Valadão José de Arimatéia Dias
Published: December 2017

Cada vez mais as Tecnologias Sociais (TS) têm sido consideradas estratégicas para o desenvolvimento social no Brasil. Diante do esforço que tem sido feito atualmente no Brasil na busca por um marco conceitual e analítico das TS, esse trabalho buscou mapear as concepções teóricas hoje existentes no contexto brasileiro. Para isso, foi utilizado a bibliometria como procedimento metodológico em três diferentes fases de análise. Na primeira análise foi possível concluir que existem duas visões sobre TS no contexto brasileiro atualmente. As duas outras análises corroboraram as conclusões da primeira e mostrou que muito do que é discutido atualmente relaciona-se a uma ou outra visão. A primeira visão trata das TS como práticas que proporcionam transformações sociais em uma comunidade a partir da ação da própria comunidade, já a segunda trata as TS como artefatos geradores de mudanças sociais. Essas duas visões permearam as conceituações existentes nos trabalhos analisados, sendo que uma TS pode ser compreendida como TS quando gera transformações sociais condizentes com as aspirações da própria comunidade beneficiada.
Applicability investigations of laser-controlled thermo-splitting technology for manufacturing elements of thermo-optical coating for spacecraft radiators
Authors: Малов Илья , Malov Iliy
Published: December 2017

In view of a responsible destination and hard operation conditions strong technical requirements are made to glass ele-ments of a thermo-optical coating for spacecraft radiators where a basic requirement of them is absence of chips and micro-cracks. There are carried out investigations of the influence of laser radiation parameters upon end face quality in the in glass element obtained through the method of controlled thermo-splitting. A quality considerable increase is shown in the surfaces of division at the use of the method of the end-to-end laser controlled thermo-splitting in comparison with the methods of part-through laser controlled thermo-splitting and scribing with a diamond cutter with the further after-break.
Experience in CAD system introduction of rolling-mill machinery at Uralsmashzavod
Authors: Поляков Борис , Polyakov Boris
Published: December 2017

A chronology and a sequence of works for more than 20 years in the development of different computer program packages which have formed a basis of a future CAD system of technologies and rolling-mill equipment at the enterprise of Uralsmashzavod are presented. The descriptions of the most efficient software packages are given to solve the optimization problems in different processes of blank deformation, parameters of mechanisms and their drives, design parameters of load-bearing parts and complex units from the point of view of strength and life obtaining.
Specificity of Accounting for Innovation Costs
Authors: Ивакина И. , Ivakina I. , Федорова И. , Fedorova I.
Published: December 2017

Th e article considers the problems related to specifi city of cost accounting associated with innovations, defi nes users’ goals with regard to information about the costs of innovations, assesses the approaches to cost accounting in diff erent systems of accounting (fi nancial, tax and administrative).
Accounting Operations of Islamic Finance
Authors: Татаров Константин , Tatarov Konstantin
Published: December 2017

Th is article is an attempt at linking accounting standards in Russia with the laws of the Islamic world. Th e author off ers a methodology for borrowed funds provided by the eastern banks.
VAT and Its Compensation in an Advisory Order
Authors: Чайковская Любовь , Chaykovskaya L. , Михеев М. , Mikheev M.
Published: December 2017

Th e article considers topical issues of VAT taxation, the current procedure for reimbursement of overpaid tax amount, as well as specifi cs of tax inspections by the tax authorities on the basis of the amounts of tax claimed for reimbursement.
Risk Management, JSC Achimgaz Project Experience
Authors: Усова Е. , Usova E. , Фунтов Валерий , Funtov Valeriy , Бутов А. , Butov A. , Раевский А. , Raevskiy A.
Published: December 2017

The article is devoted to the introduction of risk management system in the activities of JSC Achimgaz, operating in the oil and gas sector and implementing the Project for the extraction of natural gas and condensate (hereinafter the Project). The analysis of implementation, its effectiveness within a system is discussed. According to the analysis the conclusion about the necessity of creating a unified system that integrates risk management into decision-making processes, key business processes and the culture of the organization, according to GOST ISO 31000-2010.
How to Create Successful Product or Service? Introduction in Design-Thinking for Project Management
Authors: Борисова Лидия , Borisova Lidia
Published: December 2017

In the article author describes the definition and the process behind the project management technology – design-thinking. The uniqueness of the approach is that project management is done in close cooperation with client from problem definition, to solutions ideation and testing. The methodology allows to deliver product or service with defined value proposition.
The concept of creating world-level products and achievements
Authors: Аникин Борис , Anikin Boris , Аникин Олег , Anikin Olyeg , Гришин Валерий , Grishin Valeriy
Published: December 2017

Based on the analysis of the greatest achievements of the last century, as well as the reasons for the numerous "unsuccessful" projects of well-known companies in the world, the directions for the development of modern theory of project and program management have been revealed.
When selecting the topics of national and prospective innovation projects, the authors focused on the consideration of the acute social and economic problems outlined in the world and a number of certain criteria and parameters.
It is intended for researchers, practicing managers, researchers and teachers of higher education. Recommended for students of the system of additional education, students and graduate students.
Inpatient Management of Diabetic Foot Infections: A Review of the Guidelines for Hospitalists
Authors: Thurber Emilia G. , Kisuule Flora , Humbyrd Casey , Townsend Jennifer
Published: December 2017

Diabetic foot infections (DFIs) are common and represent the leading cause for hospitalization among diabetic complications. Without proper management, DFIs may lead to amputation, which is associated with a decreased quality of life and increased mortality. However, there is currently significant variation in the management of DFIs, and many providers fail to perform critical prevention and assessment measures. In this review, we will provide an overview of the diagnosis, management, and discharge planning of hospitalized patients with DFIs to guide hospitalists in the optimal inpatient care of patients with this condition.
A Randomized Cohort Controlled Trial to Compare Intern Sign‐Out Training Interventions
Authors: Lee Soo‐Hoon , Terndrup Christopher , Phan Phillip H. , Zaeh Sandra E. , Atsina Kwame , Minkove Nicole , Billioux Alexander , Chatterjee Souvik , Montague Idoreyin , Clark Bennett , Hughes Andrew , Desai Sanjay V.
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND

Although previous studies have investigated the efficacy of specific sign‐out protocols (such as the illness severity, patient summary, action list, situation awareness and contingency planning, and synthesis by reviewer [I‐PASS] bundle), the implementation of a bundle can be time consuming and costly. We compared 4 sign‐out training pedagogies on sign‐out quality.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate training interventions that best enhance multidimensional sign‐out quality measured by information exchange, task accountability, and personal responsibility.

INTERVENTION

Four general internal medicine firms were randomly assigned into 1 of the following 4 training interventions: didactics (control), I‐PASS, policy mandate on task accountability, and Plan‐Do‐Study‐Act (PDSA).

SETTING

First‐year interns at a large, Mid‐Atlantic internal medicine residency program.

MEASUREMENTS

Eight trained observers examined 10 days each in the pre‐ and postintervention periods for each firm using a standardized sign‐out checklist.

RESULTS

Pre‐ and postintervention differences showed significant improvements in the transfer of patient information, task accountability, and personal responsibility for the I‐PASS, policy mandate, and PDSA groups, respectively, in line with their respective training foci. Compared to the control, I‐PASS reported the best improvements in sign‐out quality, although there was room to improve in task accountability and responsibility.

CONCLUSIONS

Different training emphases improved different dimensions of sign‐out quality. A combination of training pedagogies is likely to yield optimal results.
Health Literacy and Hospital Length of Stay: An Inpatient Cohort Study
Authors: Jaffee Ethan G. , Arora Vineet M. , Matthiesen Madeleine I. , Meltzer David O. , Press Valerie G.
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND

Associations between low health literacy (HL) and adverse health outcomes have been well documented in the outpatient setting; however, few studies have examined associations between low HL and in‐hospital outcomes.

OBJECTIVE

To compare hospital length of stay (LOS) among patients with low HL and those with adequate HL.

DESIGN

Hospital‐based cohort study.

SETTING

Academic urban tertiary‐care hospital.

PATIENTS

Hospitalized general medicine patients.

MEASUREMENTS

We measured HL using the Brief Health Literacy Screen. Severity of illness and LOS were obtained from administrative data. Multivariable linear regression controlling for illness severity and sociodemographic variables was employed to measure the association between HL and LOS.

RESULTS

Among 5540 participants, 20% (1104/5540) had low HL. Participants with low HL had a longer average LOS (6.0 vs 5.4 days, P < 0.001). Low HL was associated with an 11.1% longer LOS (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.1%‐16.1%; P < 0.001) in multivariate analysis. This effect was significantly modified by gender (P = 0.02). Low HL was associated with a 17.8% longer LOS among men (95% CI, 10.0%‐25.7%; P < 0.001), but only a 7.7% longer LOS among women (95% CI, 1.9%‐13.5%; P = 0.009).

CONCLUSIONS

In this single‐center cohort study, low HL was associated with a longer hospital LOS. The findings suggest that the adverse effects of low HL may extend into the inpatient setting, indicating that targeted interventions may be needed for patients with low HL. Further work is needed to explore these negative consequences and potential mitigating factors.
The Evaluation of Medical Inpatients Who Are Admitted on Long‐Term Opioid Therapy for Chronic Pain
Authors: Mosher Hilary J. , Herzig Shoshana J. , Danovitch Itai , Boutsicaris Christina , Hassamal Sameer , Wittnebel Karl , Dashti Azadeh , Nuckols Teryl
Published: December 2017

Individuals who are on long‐term opioid therapy (LTOT) for chronic noncancer pain are frequently admitted to the hospital with acute pain, exacerbations of chronic pain, or comorbidities. Consequently, hospitalists find themselves faced with complex treatment decisions in the context of uncertainty about the effectiveness of LTOT as well as concerns about risks of overdose, opioid use disorders, and adverse events. Our multidisciplinary team sought to synthesize guideline recommendations and primary literature relevant to assessing medical inpatients on LTOT, with the objective of assisting practitioners in balancing effective pain treatment and opioid risk reduction. We identified no primary studies or guidelines specific to assessing medical inpatients on LTOT. Recommendations from outpatient guidelines on LTOT and guidelines on pain management in acute‐care settings include the following: evaluate both pain and functional status, differentiate acute from chronic pain, investigate the preadmission course of opioid therapy, obtain a psychosocial history, screen for mental health conditions, screen for substance use disorders, check state prescription drug monitoring databases, order urine drug immunoassays, detect use of sedative‐hypnotics, and identify medical conditions associated with increased risk of overdose and adverse events. Although approaches to assessing medical inpatients on LTOT can be extrapolated from related guidelines, observational studies, and small studies in surgical populations, more work is needed to address these critical topics for inpatients on LTOT.
El disfrute de la experiencia audiovisual por personas sordas y con diversidad auditiva: la representación visual de los efectos sonoros
Authors: Tsaousi Aikaterini
Published: December 2017

El objetivo del presente estudio es observar la experiencia narrativa de los receptores que usan subtítulos para sordos y/o con dificultades de audición en el consumo de productos audiovisuales. Concretamente el estudio busca determinar si existe un efecto en el disfrute y en algunos de sus principales componentes dependiendo de si en pantalla se usan representaciones verbales o no verbales de los efectos sonoros que acompañan la narrativa audiovisual. Un total de 46 personas fueron asignadas al azar a una de dos condiciones experimentales: ver películas con subtítulos o con íconos. Tras el visionado, los participantes evaluaron su disfrute y enganche narrativo mediante escalas de Likert. Los análisis estadísticos muestran que no existe un efecto significativo del modo de presentación en el disfrute, agrado, inclinación a repetir la experiencia y enganche. Basándonos en modelos desarrollados por los estudios de comunicación y de psicología de los medios para medir conceptos vinculados a la experiencia de los usuarios, este manuscrito explora las posibilidades de aplicar esas medidas en el campo de la recepción de audiencias desde los estudios de traducción audiovisual y accesibilidad mediática.
Una propuesta de metodología multidimensional en los estudios de audiencia y recepción
Authors: Bermejo Berros Jesús
Published: December 2017

En la primera parte de este trabajo se argumenta acerca de la existencia de factores intrínsecos y extrínsecos que han venido influyendo en el tipo de producción científica al que han dado lugar los estudios de audiencia y recepción. De ello se han derivado formulaciones teóricas que tienen un conjunto de características que permiten distinguir entre teorías locales y globales. Se ilustra este fenómeno en el área del entretenimiento audiovisual. A partir de las limitaciones e insuficiencias detectadas en esas orientaciones se presenta, en la segunda parte, un modelo de investigación de recepción en advertainment que utiliza una metodología multidimensional, que unifica perspectivas fragmentadas en este campo. Este modelo describe una estructura que pone en relación factores antecedentes de diseño, variables moderadoras, dimensiones cognitivas, emocionales, corporales y comportamentales de procesamiento, así como efectos de eficacia publicitaria y entretenimiento.
Recepción televisiva y memoria oral: la evolución de las comunidades de emigrantes españoles como audiencias televisivas a través de sus testimonios
Authors: Gutiérrez Lozano Juan Francisco
Published: December 2017

Las comunidades de emigrantes españoles que tras su salida de España en las décadas de los años cincuenta y sesenta del siglo xx fijaron su residencia en diferentes países europeos y en Australia conforman un peculiar y diverso grupo de audiencia televisiva. Sus prácticas de recepción del medio televisivo están influidas por factores comunes que las entrelazan más allá de las diferencias concretas tanto personales: edad, nivel de formación, grado de integración con la sociedad de destino, etc.; como generales: los contextos particulares de cada país de acogida y su oferta televisiva, con o sin contenidos para inmigrantes. Acercarse a un estudio de recepción tan complejo requiere de una metodología flexible que, a partir de herramientas cualitativas y entrevistas grupales, esclarezca las líneas fundamentales de la evolución de estas audiencias lejanas, así como de la memoria televisiva que conservan y construyen acerca de su experiencia. En este sentido, este artículo ofrece algunos de los resultados de un estudio que ha intentado acercarse a ellas mediante el proyecto de investigación “Las audiencias lejanas: memoria televisiva y hábitos de recepción comparados de emigrantes españoles y residentes extranjeros europeos” (I+D cSo2012-31261), financiado por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad de España.
El estudio de las minorías como audiencia. El caso de la población migrante
Authors: Huertas Bailén Amparo
Published: December 2017

Tras constatar la escasa dedicación que han recibido las minorías en el marco del estudio de las audiencias, se reúnen aquí las bases teóricas y metodológicas sobre las que se podría asentar una línea de trabajo que tratara de revertir esa tendencia. Este ensayo se divide en dos partes. En la primera, se propone una definición de la noción de minorías y a continuación se reflexiona sobre sus posibilidades de empoderamiento, de hacerse visibles frente a las diversas dimensiones de la globalización. En la segunda, se expone el modo en que se viene estudiando la población migrante como consumidora y usuaria de los medios de comunicación y de las tecnologías que les son próximas. El aumento de los movimientos migratorios, así como los cambios que se han producido a raíz de la evolución sociotecnológica y cultural han provocado un especial interés por el estudio de los grupos sociales migrantes. Con el paso del tiempo, la perspectiva transnacional ha ido mermando el poder del pensamiento colonial y al mismo tiempo el enfoque de género poco a poco va ganando peso. Pero, además de los planteamientos teóricos, también se delinean los objetos de estudio con más presencia en las aproximaciones investigativas que vienen haciéndose sobre las migraciones desde la comunicación.
Changing practice for hip arthroplasty and its implications
Authors: Schultz Katherine , Ewbank Mei-Ling , Pandit Hemant G
Published: December 2017

This overview provides insight into changes in clinical practice and the implications for nursing staff and clinicians who are involved in the management of patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty. The review highlights commonly used surgical approaches, their advantages, their associated risks and how to manage complications if they occur.
Preparing for future incapacity
Authors: Griffith Richard
Published: December 2017

Richard Griffith, Senior Lecturer in Health Law at Swansea University, discusses the options available for those preparing for the future when ill health may affect their capacity to make decisions about their care
The Government's progress in promoting choice in end-of-life care
Authors: Glasper Alan
Published: December 2017

Emeritus Professor Alan Glasper, University of Southampton, discusses the effectiveness of measures to deliver personalisation and choice in care for people nearing the end of life
The state of care in England: time for a post-match analysis
Authors: Tingle John
Published: December 2017

John Tingle, Associate Professor (Teaching and Scholarship), Nottingham Trent University, discusses the Care Quality Commission's annual assessment of health and social care in England
Can we improve care and save money?
Authors: Foster Sam
Published: December 2017

Sam Foster, Chief Nurse, Oxford University Hospitals, considers the Secretary of State for Health's argument that safe care costs less
Evaluating a nurse scholarship programme: realising potential
Authors: Burch Jennie , Taylor Clare
Published: December 2017

Evaluation is an integral component of any nurse education programme and ideally requires a multi-method approach. This article describes both the formative and summative evaluation of the St Mark's Burdett nurse scholarship from the perspective of the health professionals involved. During the nursing scholar's specialty placements, their achievements were recorded alongside a more detailed insight into their ongoing development during weekly supervision sessions. The summative evaluation comprised recording their attendance at taught study days, progress in academic modules and one-to-one interviews. A survey was also conducted to gather feedback about the scholarship. The evaluation indicated that this programme helped the nursing scholars gain exposure to a broad range of gastrointestinal nursing clinical environments, provided them with the resources needed to continue to develop academically and professionally, and helped them to achieve career progression in specialist nursing.
Headteachers' Charter shake-up still an unknown quantity
Authors: Phipps Sam
Published: December 2017

Greater powers for Scotland's headteachers will only go down well if resources and parental input match them, SecEd is told
Wellbeing and work/life balance in your first year
Authors: Gyan-Bediako Emmanuel
Published: December 2017

School leader Emmanuel Gyan-Bediako offers this year's NQTs some advice on surviving their first year while maintaining their wellbeing and work/life balance
Supporting all our NQTs…
Authors: Keates Chris
Published: December 2017

Welcome to SecEd's NQT special edition. The next eight pages offer a range of advice for NQTs as they approach the end of their first term. To begin, Chris Keates looks at the entitlements and support that all NQTs should be receiving…
Plan ahead: Meeting the six NQT criteria
Authors: Trafford Bernard
Published: December 2017

As term one comes to a close, Dr Bernard Trafford looks ahead to the new year and discusses the six criteria NQTs need to satisfy…
Surveillance, Islamophobia, and Sikh Bodies in the War on Terror
Authors: Katy P. Sian
Published: December 2017

In the aftermath of 9/11, there has been a wave of intensified surveillance throughout Western democracies in the moral panic surrounding national security. This article will explore the way in which Sikh bodies have become problematized against the backdrop of harsher profiling and policing measures directed at racialized populations. Based upon empirical data, including a series of semi-structured interviews with Sikh respondents carried out in Canada and the US, the article will examine the experiences of Sikhs post-9/11 through critical race and postcolonial conceptual frameworks, as a way to understand the processes by which they have been governed and regulated in the landscape of an obsessive monitoring of ‘suspicious’ brown bodies.