bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reaction of Imidoformates with Anthranilates: Facile, One‐Pot, Three‐Component Synthesis of 8H‐Quinazolino[4,3‐b]quinazolin‐8‐ones
Authors: Venkateswarlu S. , Satyanarayana M. , Ravikiran P. , Siddaiah V.
Published: August 2013

We report a facile, one‐pot, three‐component methodology for the synthesis of 8H‐quinazolino[4,3‐b]quinazolin‐8‐ones from commercially available 2‐aminobenzonitriles, triethyl orthoformate, and anthranilic acids/esters/amides in good yields.
Effect of Substituents in the Syntheses of Phenyl‐Substituted Dibenzonaphthyridines
Authors: Manoj Manickam , Prasad Karnam Jayaramapillai Rajendra
Published: August 2013

A facile and elegant syntheses of linear and angular phenyl‐substituted dibenzonaphthyridines from 2,4‐dichloroquinolines through anilinoquinolines have been developed. The substituents in the 4th position of the anilinoquinoline and the temperature were found to play a vital role in the regulation of the yield towards the synthesis of the final compounds. The methyl group in the 7th position of the naphthyridin‐11‐ones was found to hinder the N‐methylation reaction sterically, consequently increasing the reaction time than other derivatives.
Alternate and Efficient Method for the Total Synthesis of Egonol via Sonogashira Coupling Reaction
Authors: Naveen M. , Reddy Ch. Upendar , Hussain Md. Manzoor , Chaitanya M. , Narayanaswamy Golla
Published: August 2013

Efficient method for the total synthesis of egonol in five steps via Sonogashira coupling reaction is reported.
Economic benefits of publicly accessible land for ruffed grouse hunters
Authors: Knoche Scott , Lupi Frank
Published: August 2013

Although numerous studies have focused on estimating economic benefits associated with big game hunting experiences, economic valuation efforts examining small game hunting have largely been neglected. This is especially surprising with respect to hunting grouse, a family of widely distributed upland game birds targeted by about 800,000 hunters in 2011. Furthermore, despite efforts by federal and state agencies directed at improving and increasing public land for recreational hunting purposes, a dearth of studies exist regarding the economic benefits of public land to hunters. Using the travel cost method and data from a 2008 survey of Michigan ruffed grouse hunters, we examine relationships between hunting site choice and publicly accessible hunting land. We find that federally owned land, state‐owned land, and publicly accessible, privately owned Commercial Forest Act (CFA) land are positive predictors of hunter site selection (P < 0.001). Given this relationship, we then estimated the economic benefits of different types of publicly accessible land to ruffed grouse hunters by examining the willingness of hunters to incur increasing travel costs to hunt in counties with greater amounts of publicly accessible land. We estimated the economic benefits of publicly accessible hunting land for ruffed grouse hunters in Michigan to be over $20 million in 2008, with economic benefits of CFA land comprising about $6.9 million of this annual total. Estimating the economic benefits of publicly accessible hunting land for outdoor recreationists provides a useful metric for policy makers to use in evaluating how changes in the amount and nature of publicly accessible hunting land affects these individuals. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
Value of electroneurography as a prognostic indicator for recovery in acute severe inflammatory facial paralysis: A prospective study of bell's palsy and ramsay hunt syndrome
Authors: Byun Hayoung , Cho Yang‐Sun , Jang Jeon Yeob , Chung Kyu Whan , Hwang Soojin , Chung Won‐Ho , Hong Sung Hwa
Published: August 2013

Objectives/Hypothesis

To evaluate the prognostic and predictive value of electroneuronography (ENoG) in acute severe inflammatory facial paralysis, including Bell's palsy and Ramsay Hunt syndrome (RHS).

Study Design

Prospective observational study.

Methods

Patients with acute severe facial paralysis of House‐Brackmann (H‐B) grade IV or worse and diagnosed with Bell's palsy or RHS were enrolled from August 2007 to July 2011. After treatment with oral corticosteroid, antiviral agent, and protective eye care, patients were followed up until recovery or 12 months from onset.

Results

Sixty‐six patients with Bell's palsy and 22 with RHS were included. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed significant effect of ENoG value on recovery in both Bell's palsy and RHS. Values of ENoG were significantly worse in RHS than Bell's palsy. Chance of early recovery within 6 weeks after correction of ENoG effect was still significantly worse in RHS. Logistic regression analysis showed 90% chance of recovery within 6 months, expected with ENoG values of 69.2% degeneration (Bell's palsy) and 59.3% (RHS). The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves showed ENoG values of 82.5% (Bell's palsy) and 78.0% (RHS) as a critical cutoff value of nonrecovery until 1 year, with the best sensitivity and specificity.

Conclusions

A higher chance of recovery was expected with better ENoG in Bell's palsy and RHS. Based on our data, nonrecovery is predicted in patients with ENoG value greater than 82.5% in Bell's palsy, and 78% in RHS.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 123:2526–2532, 2013
Can pillar suturing promote efficacy of adenotonsillectomy for pediatric osas? A prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chiu Po‐Han , Ramar Kannan , Chen Kuang‐Chao , Tsai Yih‐Jeng , Lin Chia‐Mo , Chiang Yuh‐Chyun , Lu Chia‐Ying , Chiang Rayleigh Ping‐Ying
Published: August 2013

Objectives/Hypothesis

Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common disorder with serious clinical implications if left untreated. The recommended initial treatment for pediatric patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is adenotonsillectomy. However, recent reports have shown variable surgical results with adenotonsillectomy in the treatment of pediatric OSAS.

Study Design

Prospective, controlled study.

Methods

From April 2007 to August 2010, 24 participants were assigned alternatively to either adenotonsillectomy with pillar suturing (intervention group) or adenotonsillectomy alone (control group).

Result

The average improvement in apnea hypopnea index (AHI) was 42.6% in the control group and 79.9% in the intervention group (P=0.037). The success rate was 50% in the control group and 91.6% in the intervention group (P=0.034). Six patients (50%) in the intervention group achieved complete resolution of pediatric OSAS, as defined by an AHI <1/hour, compared to 2 patients (16.7%) in the control group (P=0.097).

Conclusion

Adenotonsillectomy with pillar suturing showed significant improvement in treating pediatric patients with OSAS compared to adenotonsillectomy alone. The procedure is simple and safe.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 123:2574–2578, 2013
Evaluation of intraoperative cone beam computed tomography and optical drill tracking in temporal bone surgery
Authors: Erovic Boban M. , Daly Michael J. , Chan Harley H. L. , James Adrian L. , Papsin Blake C. , Pothier David D. , Dixon Ben , Irish Jonathan C.
Published: August 2013

Objectives/Hypothesis

A prototype system for intraoperative cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging has been developed and augmented with real time optical tracking of a surgical drill. We hypothesize that this system provides sufficient accuracy for guidance of temporal bone surgery.

Study Design

Basic research.

Methods

Measurements of drill localization accuracy using CBCT imaging were obtained with a custom three‐dimensional calibration object. Integrated CBCT imaging and drill tracking were prospectively evaluated on 12 cadaver temporal bones. Six inexperienced and six experienced surgeons conducted four surgical tasks: cortical mastoidectomy, posterior tympanotomy, cochleostomy, and a translabyrinthine approach to the internal auditory canal. Questionnaires provided expert feedback on tracking accuracy and system usability.

Results

Target registration error measurements of drill tracking accuracy and precision yielded a mean of 0.76 mm, a maximum of 1.30 mm, and a standard deviation of 0.21 mm. Anatomical landmark identification tasks (e.g., facial nerve, incus, semicircular canals, cochlea) provided additional validation of system accuracy. The usability and utility of the guidance system were positively rated by both groups of surgeons, with further modifications underway to improve tracking line of sight and registration workflow. Experienced but in particular inexperienced surgeons indicated significant benefits in cases involving extensive disease, abnormal anatomy, and loss of anatomical landmarks.

Conclusions

The integration of intraoperative CBCT imaging with optical tracking provides sufficient accuracy to localize anatomical structures within the temporal bone using an otological drill. Future studies will explore the role of this technology in complex oncological resections, in surgery for congenital anomalies, and as a tool for teaching.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 123:2823–2828, 2013
Does desloratadine alter the serum levels of montelukast when administered in a fixed‐dose combination?
Authors: Cingi Cemal , Toros Sema Zer , Ince Iskender , Ertugay Cigdem Kalaycik , Gurbuz M. Kezban , Cakli Hamdi , Erdogmus Nagehan , Karasulu Ercument , Kaya Ercan
Published: August 2013

Objectives/Hypothesis

The aim of this study was to investigate the serum levels of montelukast when administered alone or in combination with desloratadine.

Study Design

A prospective crossover study.

Methods

Twenty‐three healthy volunteers were investigated in two sessions. Volunteers were given 10 mg of montelukast orally with 250 mL water in the first session. The same subjects were given 10 mg of montelukast in fixed combination with 5 mg desloratadine 10 days after first session. Blood samples were collected 2, 3, and 4 hours after drug administration, and kept at −80°C after both applications. Plasma samples were analyzed for montelukast concentration.

Results

Mean concentration values of both groups were not statistically different (P > .05), but the differences were statistically significant according to time (P < .05). Statistically significant difference was not found between the groups according to the area under curve on the basis of both marginal and cumulative values for all different time intervals (P > .05).

Conclusions

The absorption rate of montelukast was not altered when administered with desloratadine. This study suggested that desloratadine does not influence the bioavailability of montelukast, and their combination therapy can be used safely.

Level of Evidence

2b Laryngoscope, 123:2610–2614, 2013
Influence of Chemical Structure on the Refractive Index of Imide‐Type Polymers
Authors: Butnaru Irina , Bruma Maria , Kopnick Thomas , Stumpe Joachim
Published: August 2013

The influence of different substituents on the optical properties of poly(amide imide)s and polyimides is systematically investigated. All of the polymers exhibit good solubility and film‐forming ability, high thermal stability, and glass transition temperatures of 162–209 °C for poly(amide imide)s and of 209–274 °C for polyimides. The optical transmittance of the films at 450 nm is above 80% for all the studied polyimides and poly(amide imide)s containing benzonitrile units linked in the 2,6‐position. The values of refractive index for poly(amide imide)s are in the range of 1.623–1.748 and for polyimides in the domain of 1.672–1.768.

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Extended Curry‐Howard terms for second‐order logic
Authors: Vejjajiva Pimpen
Published: August 2013

In order to allow the use of axioms in a second‐order system of extracting programs from proofs, we define constant terms, a form of Curry‐Howard terms, whose types are intended to correspond to those axioms. We also define new reduction rules for these new terms so that all consequences of the axioms can be represented. We finally show that the extended Curry‐Howard terms are strongly normalizable.
Fluid ordering effects and density variations in nanochannel flows: a quasicontinuum theory
Authors: Grammenos Theophanes , Giannakopoulos Antonios
Published: August 2013

A quasicontinuum self‐diffusion theory that can capture the fluid ordering effects and density variations predicted by nonequilibrium molecular dynamics in nanochannel flows is presented. The physics of the problem suggests a fourth order diffusion equation for the concentration as a function of position and time requiring the classic diffusion coefficient D and a microstructural internal length g that relates directly to the shape of the molecular potential of the molecular dynamics simulations. Given the appropriate initial and boundary conditions, the aforesaid linear partial differential equation is analytically solved for the one‐dimensional steady state, whereas the case of symmetric as well as asymmetric wall conditions has been accounted for by examining different inhomogeneous diffusion distributions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Existence of solutions for a damped nonlinear impulsive problem with Dirichlet boundary conditions
Authors: Zhang Dan , Dai Binxiang , Chen Yuming
Published: August 2013

In this paper, we consider the existence of solutions for second‐order nonlinear damped impulsive differential equations with Dirichlet boundary condition. By critical point theory, we obtain some existence theorems of solutions for the nonlinear problem. We extend and improve some recent results. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stability estimates in for solutions of elliptic equations in varying domains
Authors: Arrieta José M. , Barbatis Gerassimos
Published: August 2013

We consider second‐order uniformly elliptic operators subject to Dirichlet boundary conditions. Such operators are considered on a bounded domain Ω and on the domain ϕ(Ω) resulting from Ω by means of a bi‐Lipschitz map ϕ. We consider the solutions u and of the corresponding elliptic equations with the same right‐hand side f ∈ L2(Ω ∪ ϕ(Ω)). Under certain assumptions, we estimate the difference in terms of certain measure of vicinity of ϕ to the identity map. For domains within a certain class, this provides estimates in terms of the Lebesgue measure of the symmetric difference of ϕ(Ω) and Ω, that is, | ϕ(Ω) △ Ω | . We provide an example that shows that the estimates obtained are in a certain sense sharp. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mathematical analysis of a model describing the number of antibiotic resistant bacteria in a polluted river
Authors: Mostefaoui I.M.
Published: August 2013

In France, 90% of surface water suffer from antibiotic pollution that increases the number of antibiotic resistant bacteria. The first indicator of water quality is revealed by the fish quality. According to the Le Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, only 15% of rivers in France are considered in good condition, whereas 22% are in very bad condition. The bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a public health problem as it affects humans through drinking water; the treatment of water is costly. Mathematical modeling may estimate and predict the quantity of bacteria in rivers. In this paper, we investigate properties of the mathematical model estimating the number of bacteria in a river presented by Lawrence, Mummert and Somerville. Global analysis of equilibria is presented, using a Lyapunov function. Moreover, the existence of positive periodic solutions is proven. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isotopic Ecology and Human Diets in the Forest–Steppe Ecotone, Aisén Region, Central‐Western Patagonia, Chile
Authors: MÉndez C. , Barberena R. , Reyes O. , Nuevo Delaunay A.
Published: August 2013

This work aims to build a comprehensive isotopic ecology with the ultimate purpose of assessing long‐term human diet decision‐making by means of stable isotope analysis. We present a set of δ13Ccollagenand δ15Ncollagenisotopic values on the main faunal resources from the forest and steppe areas of the Aisén region (Central‐Western Patagonia, Chile), in order to characterise their isotopic ranges and assess their consumption by past hunter–gatherer populations. Two sets of bioarchaeological remains are used for this comparison; a 10 200–9700 cal yearbpassemblage from Baño Nuevo cave and a 1600–300 cal yearbpassemblage gathered at different locations throughout Aisén. Isotopic signals from both assemblages indicate diets based on the consumption of protein provided by terrestrial mammals from steppe environments and no long‐term signature of forest‐resource consumption. On the other hand, the earlier group shows values that may indicate a wider dietary breadth, although this observation is preliminary. These results further suggest that the use of forests and the resources they provided, although visible through the zooarchaeological record (i.e. taxa represented at sites), must have been discontinuous and, perhaps, marginal in comparison with steppe regions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of the new pyridine‐containing poly(azomethine‐urethane)s: The effect of methyl substituent as electron‐donating group on some physical properties
Authors: Kamaci Musa , Kaya İsmet
Published: August 2013

In this study, a series of pyridine‐ring based poly(azomethine‐urethane)s were synthesized to investigate the effect of electron‐donating group on some physical properties such as thermal stability, optical, and electrochemical properties. For this reason, firstly the Schiff bases were synthesized using amino‐methyl pyridines (2‐amino‐3‐methyl pyridine, 2‐amino‐4‐methyl pyridine, and 2‐amino‐6‐methyl pyridine) with 2,4‐dihydroxy benzaldehyde by the condensation reaction. Then, these Schiff bases were converted to poly(azomethine‐urethane) derivatives via step‐polymerization reaction. Secondly, structural characterizations were carried out by FTIR, NMR, and UV–Vis. Cyclic voltammetry was used to determine the electrochemical oxidation‐reduction characteristics. Optical properties were investigated by UV–vis and fluorescence analyses. Thermal properties were clarified by TG‐DTA and DSC techniques. The molecular weight distributions of polymer were determined by size exclusion chromatography. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:1664–1674, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
The Elusive General Factor of Personality: The Acquaintance Effect
Authors: Gnambs Timo
Published: August 2013

A general factor (gp) at the apex of personality has been suggested to account for the correlations between the Big Five. Although the gp has received ample support from monomethod studies, results from studies incorporating different methods have remained rather ambiguous; some have identified a gp across different informants, whereas others have not. It was hypothesized that these divergent findings are a result of varying lengths of acquaintance between raters. To this end, the current study presents a multitrait multi–informant meta–analysis (total N = 11 941) that found weak support for a gp as a substantive trait of personality. Evidence for a gp was susceptible to the length of acquaintance between informants. Although a gp could be identified for short–term acquaintances, it remained elusive at long–term acquaintance. Thus, the gp in other ratings more likely reflects normative ratings of an average individual rather than ratings of the specific target person. Copyright © 2013 European Association of Personality Psychology
Unravelling the mechanism of intracellular oxidation of thiols by (N‐Cl)‐Taurine
Authors: Fernández M. I. , García M. V. , Armesto X. L. , Canle López M. , Arturo Santaballa J.
Published: August 2013

Myeloperoxidase, a heme enzyme stored in high amounts in neutrophils and monocytes, produces reactive oxygen species that are involved in the innate mammalian response to infection; among these, the most reactive is HOCl, generated by oxidation of Cl− in the presence of H2O2. This powerful oxidant reacts very fast with protein side chains and peptide bonds. Taurine (−O3SCH2CH2NH3+), present in high concentrations in human neutrophils, traps the HOCl to yield (N‐Cl)‐Taurine, much less toxic and reactive; it is a long‐lived oxidant which contributes to the killing of pathogenic organisms and plays a role in the inflammatory response. Kinetic data suggest that (N‐Cl)‐Tau reacts with cysteine and glutathione, two relevant thiols in mammals, via two pathways: direct oxidation (chlorination) of the thiolate by (N‐Cl)‐Tau involving general‐acid catalysis, and, the major one, (N‐Cl)‐Tau hydrolysis followed by fast chlorine transfer from the so‐formed HOCl/ClO− mixture to the corresponding thiolate, despite the highly unfavorable hydrolysis equilibrium (KH =10−8M). Scavenging of HOCl by strong nucleophiles like thiolates opens an effective reactive channel. Theoretical calculations, at the B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) level of theory and using the SMD model to simulate aqueous salvation, agree with the experimental behavior, predicting that both the chlorine and the proton are almost half transferred at the transition state in the direct, general‐acid catalyzed, chlorination of the thiolate by (N‐Cl)‐Tau. Under physiological conditions, the hydrolysis of (N‐Cl)‐Tau is the main responsible of the oxidation of intracellular thiols far away from the site of HOCl enzymatic production. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First principles description of the electronic properties of doped ZnO
Authors: Catellani Alessandra , Ruini Alice , Cicero Giancarlo , Calzolari Arrigo
Published: August 2013

We here review how the most common intrinsic defects and dopants modify the electronic properties of ZnO, providing novel results obtained by means of accurate first principles density functional calculations. In particular, we show that interstitial H is responsible for the residual and hardly eliminable n‐type character of real ZnO samples. We also show the effects of controlled doping with metal ions to obtain both transparent conductive oxides (Al, Ga, In) and p‐type materials (Ag). We demonstrate that Ag inclusions can be linked to the presence of deep acceptors in the host band gap that may cancel the p‐type character in Ag‐doped ZnO.
Excitonic wavefunction engineering based on type II quantum dots
Authors: Dacal Luis C. O. , Iikawa F. , Brasil M. J. S. P.
Published: August 2013

We propose a semiconductor heterostructure that allows an effective control of the shape of the carriers wavefunctions by varying just one main structural parameter. The structure is formed by a type II quantum dot and a type I quantum well. We present the results of calculations for a particular system consisting of an InP/GaAs quantum dot and an InGaAs/GaAs quantum well using a simple effective mass model that provides a good insight on our structure. We show that the wavefunction of the carrier that remains outside the dot changes from a spheroidal to a ring‐like shape depending mainly on the separation between the well and the dot layers. This change has a significant impact on relevant excitonic properties such as its lifetime and electrical dipole, and it also determines the possibility of observing the optical Aharonov–Bohm effect.
Bayesian approach to the design and analysis of non‐inferiority trials for anti‐infective products
Authors: Gamalo Meg A. , Tiwari Ram C. , LaVange Lisa M.
Published: August 2013

In the absence of placebo‐controlled trials, determining the non‐inferiority (NI) margin for comparing an experimental treatment with an active comparator is based on carefully selected well‐controlled historical clinical trials. With this approach, information on the effect of the active comparator from other sources including observational studies and early phase trials is usually ignored because of the need to maintain active comparator effect across trials. This may lead to conservative estimates of the margin that translate into larger sample‐size requirements for the design and subsequent frequentist analysis, longer trial durations, and higher drug development costs. In this article, we provide methodological approaches to determine NI margins that can utilize all relevant historical data through a novel power adjusted Bayesian meta‐analysis, with Dirichlet process priors, that puts ordered weights on the amount of information a set of data contributes. We also provide a Bayesian decision rule for the non‐inferiority analysis that is based on a broader use of available prior information and a sample‐size determination that is based on this Bayesian decision rule. Finally, the methodology is illustrated through several examples. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Direct Protein Detection in the Sample Solution by Monitoring Rotational Dynamics of Nickel Nanorods
Authors: Schrittwieser Stefan , Ludwig Frank , Dieckhoff Jan , Tschoepe Andreas , Guenther Annegret , Richter Michael , Huetten Andreas , Brueckl Hubert , Schotter Joerg
Published: August 2013

The feasibility of a recently introduced homogeneous immunodiagnostic approach to directly detect analyte binding by optical observation of the hydrodynamic properties of magnetically rotated nanorods (“PlasMag”) is demonstrated experimentally. Specifically, it is shown that the phase lag of the long axis of nickel nanorods (magnetic core parameters: length 182 nm, diameter 26 nm) with respect to externally applied rotating magnetic fields significantly increases on the adhesion of bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein to their surfaces. To validate these results, the amount of bound protein molecules is independently determined by analysis of the electrophoretic mobility of the nanorods. Furthermore, the data also demonstrate the applicability of recently developed empirical models based on numerical solutions of the Fokker‐Planck equation for describing the dynamics of magnetic nanoparticles in rotating magnetic fields.
A meta‐analysis of lesser prairie‐chicken nesting and brood‐rearing habitats: Implications for habitat management
Authors: Hagen Christian A. , Grisham Blake A. , Boal Clint W. , Haukos David A.
Published: August 2013

The distribution and range of lesser prairie‐chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) has been reduced by >90% since European settlement of the Great Plains of North America. Currently, lesser prairie‐chickens occupy 3 general vegetation communities: sand sagebrush (Artemisia filifolia), sand shinnery oak (Quercus havardii), and mixed‐grass prairies juxtaposed with Conservation Reserve Program grasslands. As a candidate for protection under the Endangered Species Act, there is a need for a synthesis that characterizes habitat structure rangewide. Thus, we conducted a meta‐analysis of vegetation characteristics at nest sites and brood habitats to determine whether there was an overall effect (Hedges' d) of habitat selection and to estimate average (95% CI) habitat characteristics at use sites. We estimated effect sizes (di) from the difference between use (nests and brood sites) and random sampling sites for each study (n = 14), and derived an overall effect size (d++). There was a general effect for habitat selection as evidenced by low levels of variation in effect sizes across studies and regions. There was a small to medium effect (d++ = 0.20–0.82) of selection for greater vertical structure (visual obstruction) by nesting females in both vegetation communities, and selection against bare ground (d++ = 0.20–0.58). Females with broods exhibited less selectivity for habitat components except for vertical structure. The variation of d++ was greater during nesting than brooding periods, signifying a seasonal shift in habitat use, and perhaps a greater range of tolerance for brood‐rearing habitat. The overall estimates of vegetation cover were consistent with those provided in management guidelines for the species. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Spatial localization of linear elastic waves in composite materials with defects
Authors: Andrianov I.V. , Danishevs'kyy V.V. , Kushnierov I.A.
Published: August 2013

We study the phenomenon of a spatial localization of elastic waves in periodic composite materials with local defects. The wave spectrum in heterogeneous composite solids includes pass and stop frequency bands. If the frequency of the signal falls within a stop band, the group velocity vanishes and the wave attenuates exponentially. In such a case, a local perturbation of the microstructure may lead to the localization of the wave energy in the vicinity of the defect. Longitudinal tension‐compression waves in a layered composite and transverse antiplane shear waves in a unidirectional fibrous composite are considered. Local perturbations of the density and of the volume fractions of the components are taken into account. The analysis is based on the transfer‐matrix method and on the plane‐wave expansions method. As the result, the frequencies of the wave localization and the corresponding attenuation factors are determined.
The stream-based service-centred calculus: a foundation for service-oriented programming
Authors: Cruz-Filipe Luís , Lanese Ivan , Martins Francisco , Ravara António , Thudichum Vasconcelos Vasco
Published: August 2013

We give a formal account of stream-based, service-centered calculus (SSCC), a calculus for modelling service-based systems, suitable to describe both service composition (orchestration) and the protocols that services follow when invoked (conversation). The calculus includes primitives for defining and invoking services, for isolating conversations (called sessions) among clients and servers, and for orchestrating services. The calculus is equipped with a reduction and a labelled transition semantics related by an equivalence result. SSCC provides a good trade-off between expressive power for modelling and simplicity for analysis. We assess the expressive power by modelling van der Aalst workflow patterns and an automotive case study from the European project Sensoria. For analysis, we present a simple type system ensuring compatibility of client and service protocols. We also study the behavioural theory of the calculus, highlighting some axioms that capture the behaviour of the different primitives. As a final application of the theory, we define and prove correct some program transformations. These allow to start modelling a system from a typical UML Sequence Diagram, and then transform the specification to match the service-oriented programming style, thus simplifying its implementation using web services technology.
Corporate Constructed and Dissent Enabling Public Spheres: Differentiating Dissensual from Consensual Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Whelan Glen
Published: August 2013

I here distinguish dissensual from consensual corporate social responsibility (CSR) on the grounds that the former is more concerned to organize (or portray) corporate-civil society disagreement than it is corporate-civil society agreement. In doing so, I first conceive of consensual CSR, and identify a positive and negative view thereof. Second, I conceive of dissensual CSR, and suggest that it can be actualized through the construction of dissent enabling, rather than consent-oriented, public spheres. Following this, I describe four actor-centred institutional theories—i.e. a sociological, ethical, transformative and economic perspective, respectively—and suggest that an economic perspective is generally well suited to explaining CSR activities at the organizational level. Accordingly, I then use the economic perspective to analyse a dissent enabling public sphere that Shell has constructed, and within which Greenpeace participated. In particular, I explain Shell’s employment of dissensual CSR in terms of their core business interests; and identify some potential implications thereof for Shell, Greenpeace, and society more generally. In concluding, I highlight a number of ways in which the present paper can inform future research on business and society interactions.
Variability of Phytosterols in Jatropha curcas Germplasm
Authors: Corzo‐Valladares Pablo A. , Fernández‐Cuesta Álvaro , Fernández‐Martínez José M. , Velasco Leonardo
Published: August 2013

Jatropha curcas L. has great potential for biofuel and phytosterol production. The objective of this research was to evaluate G × E variability for kernel phytosterol content and composition in Jatropha germplasm. Freshly matured seeds from 21 accessions grown in Málaga, Spain were collected at two stages of development. Significant genetic variation was detected for total kernel phytosterol content, which ranged from 2,246 to 2,883 mg kg−1; and stigmasterol concentration, which ranged from 7.6 to 11.5 % of the total phytosterols. An accession with 9.2 % Δ5‐avenasterol was also identified. The coefficient of variation for kernel phytosterol content and stigmasterol concentration was 6.2 and 14.0 % respectively between accessions and 7.2 and 10.2 % respectively within accessions. Accordingly, evaluation of plant to plant variation is advisable. The existence of variability for kernel phytosterol content and composition in Jatropha will enable breeding for enhanced levels of these compounds.
Rational Approximation of Real Functions
Authors: Petrushev P. P. , Popov Vasil Atanasov
Published: August 2013

Originally published in 1987, this book is devoted to the approximation of real functions by real rational functions. These are, in many ways, a more convenient tool than polynomials, and interest in them was growing, especially since D. Newman's work in the mid-sixties. The authors aim at presenting the basic achievements of the subject and, for completeness, also discuss some topics from complex rational approximation. Certain classical and modern results from linear approximation theory and spline approximation are also included for comparative purposes. This book will be of value to anyone with an interest in approximation theory and numerical analysis.
Native Speakers and Native Users
Authors: Davies Alan
Published: August 2013

'Native speakers' and 'native users' are terms traditionally used to differentiate between speakers who have acquired a language from birth and speakers who have learnt a second language. This book highlights the problems associated with making such a clear cut distinction. By analysing a range of literature, language uses and proficiency tests, Davies argues that there is no significant difference between native speakers and native users, and emphasises the importance of the Standard Language. Whilst individual native speakers may vary considerably, the academic construct of the native speaker is isomorphic with the Standard Language which is available to both native speakers and native users through education. In this book, Davies explores the 'native user', as a second language speaker who uses language with 'native speaker' competence. This book will be of significant interest to students and researchers working in the fields of second language acquisition and applied linguistics.
Sacrifice and Gender in Biblical Law
Authors: Ruane Nicole J.
Published: August 2013

This book examines the Hebrew Bible's numerous laws about sacrificial procedure to understand the significance of gender in sacrificial rituals and the reasons that gender distinctions are so vital in these acts. Gender selection of both victims and participants is an intrinsic aspect of the nature and purpose of each rite, affecting its form and function, as well as its legitimacy. Sacrifice and Gender in Biblical Law considers the laws of the firstborn, the rite of the red cow, laws of slaughter, rituals of purification, and other offerings. It shows that these laws regulate material wealth and contribute to the construction of social roles.
Economics of Agglomeration
Authors: Fujita Masahisa , Thisse Jacques-François
Published: August 2013

Economic activities are not concentrated on the head of a pin, nor are they spread evenly over a featureless plane. On the contrary, they are distributed very unequally across locations, regions and countries. Even though economic activities are, to some extent, spatially concentrated because of natural features, economic mechanisms that rely on the trade-off between various forms of increasing returns and different types of mobility costs are more fundamental. This book is a study of the economic reasons for the existence of a large variety of agglomerations arising from the global to the local. This second edition combines a comprehensive analysis of the fundamentals of spatial economics and an in-depth discussion of the most recent theoretical developments in new economic geography and urban economics. It aims to highlight several of the major economic trends observed in modern societies. The first edition was the winner of the 2004 William Alonso Memorial Prize for Innovative Work in Regional Science.
The Chronicle of England
Authors: Capgrave John
Published: August 2013

One of the most prolific scholars of his time, John Capgrave (1393–1464) was the author of forty-one historical and theological texts. Today, only twelve survive, and only seven are in English. This work covers the history of the world from the creation of Adam to the year 1417. Beginning with a timeline of Biblical events, including the birth of Cain and the first example of bigamy, he covers Roman myth and history before continuing into accounts of early English monarchs and saints. This scholarly edition, first published in 1858, includes a biography of Capgrave, an introduction to the text and a transcript of The Chronicle. Comprehensive annotations detail points of interest from the manuscript, such as corrections and scribal errors, accompanied by the editor's own marginal notes. Of interest to students of history, this book opens a fascinating window into both early modern and Victorian historiography.
The Repressor of Over Much Blaming of the Clergy
Authors: Pecock Reginald
Published: August 2013

This two-volume work is valuable for both religious and linguistic history. A vernacular text written in a period of division within the Church and widespread popular religious discontent, it provides a record of the arguments that fuelled this division. Reginald Pecock (c.1392–c.1459) recounts the attacks made by Lollard reformers and provides well-composed answers to them. A firm believer in papal supremacy, Pecock insisted on proving doctrine by reason, a position which laid him open to the charges of heresy that dogged his career and eventually led to his disgrace. Editor Charles Babington's introduction to this edition, published in the Rolls Series in 1860, gives biographical and contextual information, and a summary of the works contained within both volumes. In Volume 1, Pecock outlines eleven points of attack and his general answer to them, specifically dealing with vindications of images and pilgrimages, and the revenues of the clergy.
Geometrical Methods of Mathematical Physics
Authors: Schutz Bernard F.
Published: August 2013

In recent years the methods of modern differential geometry have become of considerable importance in theoretical physics and have found application in relativity and cosmology, high-energy physics and field theory, thermodynamics, fluid dynamics and mechanics. This textbook provides an introduction to these methods - in particular Lie derivatives, Lie groups and differential forms - and covers their extensive applications to theoretical physics. The reader is assumed to have some familiarity with advanced calculus, linear algebra and a little elementary operator theory. The advanced physics undergraduate should therefore find the presentation quite accessible. This account will prove valuable for those with backgrounds in physics and applied mathematics who desire an introduction to the subject. Having studied the book, the reader will be able to comprehend research papers that use this mathematics and follow more advanced pure-mathematical expositions.
A Course in Mathematics for Students of Physics
Authors: Bamberg Paul , Sternberg Shlomo
Published: August 2013

This textbook, available in two volumes, has been developed from a course taught at Harvard over the last decade. The course covers principally the theory and physical applications of linear algebra and of the calculus of several variables, particularly the exterior calculus. The authors adopt the 'spiral method' of teaching, covering the same topic several times at increasing levels of sophistication and range of application. Thus the reader develops a deep, intuitive understanding of the subject as a whole, and an appreciation of the natural progression of ideas. Topics covered include many items previously dealt with at a much more advanced level, such as algebraic topology (introduced via the analysis of electrical networks), exterior calculus, Lie derivatives, and star operators (which are applied to Maxwell's equations and optics). This then is a text which breaks new ground in presenting and applying sophisticated mathematics in an elementary setting. Any student, interpreted in the widest sense, with an interest in physics and mathematics, will gain from its study.
A History of Thailand
Authors: Baker Chris , Phongpaichit Pasuk
Published: August 2013

In A History of Thailand, Chris Baker and Pasuk Phongpaichit reveal how a world of mandarin nobles and unfree labour evolved into a rural society of smallholder peasants and an urban society populated mainly by migrants from southern China. They trace how a Buddhist cosmography adapted to new ideas of time and space, and a traditional polity was transformed into a new nation-state under a strengthened monarchy. The authors cover the contests between urban nationalists, ambitious generals, communist rebels, business politicians, and social movements to control the nation-state and redefine its purpose. They describe the dramatic changes wrought by a booming economy, globalization, and the evolution of mass society. Finally, they show how Thailand's path is still being contested by those who believe in change from above and those who fight for democracy and liberal values. Drawing on new Thai-language research, this second edition brings the Thai story up to date and includes a new section on the 2006 coup and the restoration of an elected government in 2008.
Registra quorundam abbatum monasterii S. Albani, qui saeculo XVmo floruere
Authors: Whethamstede John
Published: August 2013

Between 1863 and 1876, the Rolls Series published several works from or about the abbey of St Albans, edited by Henry Thomas Riley (1816–78) under the rubric 'Chronica monasterii S. Albani'. This two-volume contribution, covering the later fifteenth century, appeared in 1872–3. Volume 1 focuses on a text from MS. Arundel Coll. Arm. III, recording events from 1451 to 1461, the first ten years of the second abbacy of John Whethamstede. It is important for its references to early battles in the Wars of the Roses. Riley argues that this version of Whethamstede's records was prepared by a compiler with a strong political agenda against one of Whethamstede's senior monks, who had been a candidate for the office of abbot and was eventually elected in 1476. The volume includes an introduction, a detailed summary of the content, and English side-notes to the main Latin text.
Recueil des chroniques et anchiennes istories de la Grant Bretaigne, à present nommé Engleterre
Authors: Wavrin Jean de
Published: August 2013

Part of the Rolls series of historical documents, this five-volume collection, originally compiled in the fifteenth century, is the first history of England of this magnitude, spanning almost two millennia. It is the work of French knight Jean de Wavrin (c.1400–c.1473), a chronicler under Philip the Good and Charles the Bold, dukes of Burgundy. Wavrin participated in several military expeditions, including some under the English banner, and was keen to keep the kingdom as an ally. The chief editor, archivist and antiquarian Sir William Hardy (1807–87), points out that Wavrin selected the best-known oral and written materials and added his own first-hand observations to tell a fascinating story with a profusion of details. Volume 4, published in 1884, begins with the crowning of Henry VI as King of France and ends with the Siege of Dieppe.
De naturis rerum, libri duo
Authors: Neckam Alexander
Published: August 2013

Thomas Wright (1810–77) was a highly prolific scholar of Old and Middle English and archaeology, although some of his work, particularly that on prehistory, was contentious. The present work, which he edited and published in 1863, comprises two texts by Alexander Neckam (1157–1217). The son of Richard I's foster mother, Neckam was a respected teacher and prolific scholar who became abbot of Cirencester. The larger of these texts, De naturis rerum, consists of a scientific manual followed by a theological treatise, a commentary on Ecclesiastes. Neckam later produced an abbreviated verse form of this, the second text found here. The first part of each text is a compendium of all the scientific knowledge of western Europe and England in the twelfth century, which Neckam aimed to treat morally as well as factually. In producing this edition, Wright has included the Latin marginal annotations, possibly by Neckam himself, found in his manuscript exemplars.
British Political Culture and the Idea of ‘Public Opinion', 1867–1914
Authors: Thompson James
Published: August 2013

Newspapers, periodicals, pamphlets and books all reflect the ubiquity of 'public opinion' in political discourse in late nineteenth and early twentieth-century Britain. Through close attention to debates across the political spectrum, James Thompson charts the ways in which Britons sought to locate 'public opinion' in an era prior to polling. He shows that 'public opinion' was the principal term through which the link between the social and the political was interrogated, charted and contested and charts how the widespread conviction that the public was growing in power raised significant issues about the kind of polity emerging in Britain. He also examines how the early Labour party negotiated the language of 'public opinion' and sought to articulate Labour interests in relation to those of the public. In so doing he sheds important new light on the character of Britain's liberal political culture and on Labour's place in and relationship to that culture.
The Chronicle of Pierre de Langtoft
Authors: Langtoft Pierre de
Published: August 2013

This history of England in Anglo-Norman verse was extremely popular during the first half of the fourteenth century. Composed by Pierre de Langtoft (died c.1305), an English chronicler and Augustinian Canon, it was intended for the French-reading aristocracy. Part of the Rolls Series of publications of historical documents, the work was edited by Thomas Wright (1810–77), an antiquarian and historian with a special interest in Old English, Middle English and Anglo-Norman. Wright was also a member of many learned societies, including the Society of Antiquaries and the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres of Paris. This volume, published in 1868, begins with the coronation of Henry II and ends with the death of Edward I. Langtoft openly shares his virulently nationalistic and anti-Scottish views in the large part of the text devoted to the Scottish Wars of Independence.
Chronica magistri Rogeri de Houedene
Authors: Hoveden Roger of
Published: August 2013

Roger of Hoveden's Chronica was begun around 1192 and covers English history from 732 to 1201, when it is assumed he died. The work is largely an annotated compilation of various other chronicles, including the Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis (also reissued in this series). This was formerly attributed to Benedict of Peterborough, which was the view taken by William Stubbs (1825–1901) when he edited this work for the Rolls Series in 1868–71. Since the twentieth century, however, Hoveden has been recognised as the author. As a clerk to Henry II until 1189, and later as a diplomat during the Third Crusade, he was ideally placed to gain first-hand knowledge and also documents, which he provides here in full. In Volume 2 (1148–89), Hoveden edits and amalgamates other chronicles, including his own Gesta, adding further annotations and a collection of letters relating to the Becket controversy.