bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bitlis Katı Atık Tesisi Çevresindeki Hypericum scabrum L., Achillea vermicularis Trin, Anchusa azurea Miller var. azurea Gard. Dict. Bitkilerinin Ağır Metal İçeriklerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: HAYTA Şükrü , AVCİL Nurfeşan
Published: December 2020

Son yıllarda ağır metaller ile kirlenen
toprakların temizlenmesinde (fitoremediasyon) hiperakümülatör bitkilerin
kullanılması ve bu özelliğe sahip bitkilerin tespit
edilmesi oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmada bazı
bitkilerin bünyelerinde ağır metal biriktirebilme yetenekleri (hiperakümülatör)
tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışma alanı olarak Bitlis İli Güroymak ilçesi
sınırları içerisinde bulunan Katı Atık Entegre Bertaraf Tesisi çevresi
seçilmiş ve  bu alandan doğal olarak
yetişen Hypericum scabrum L., Achillea vermicularis Trin, Anchusa
azurea Miller var. azurea Gard.
Dict. türlerine ait örnekler
toplanmıştır. Bu bitkilerinin yetiştiği alandan alınan toprak numuneleri ile kök,
gövde, yaprak ve çiçek gibi kısımlarına ayrılan bu bitkiler üzerinde çalışılarak,  Ca,  Mg, Fe, Mn, 
Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Ni ve Cd elementlerinin konsantrasyonları incelenmiştir.
Ağır metal analizleri ICP-MS cihazı kullanılarak yapılmıştır.
Kütahya Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Evliya Çelebi Yerleşkesine Gelen Toplu Taşıma Araçlarının Hizmet Düzeyinin TCRP 100 ve TCRP 165 Raporlarına Göre Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: YALINIZ Polat , VİTOŞOĞLU Yaşar , BİLGİÇ Şafak
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada, Kütahya Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Evliya
Çelebi Yerleşkesine yolcu taşıyan toplu taşıma sisteminin hizmet düzeyi ele
alınmıştır. İlk olarak, Evliya Çelebi Yerleşkesinde ulaşım hizmetinin kalitesi,
sistemin ulaşılabilirliği, hizmet sıklığı, hizmet saatleri ve hizmet kapsamı
açılarından incelenmiştir. İkinci olarak, Evliya Çelebi Yerleşkesinde ulaşım
sistemince sağlanan rahatlık ve kolaylık araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla,
araçlardaki genel doluluk seviyeleri, sefer aralıklarına bağlılık ve toplu taşıma
ile otomobil seyahat süreleri arasındaki fark göz önüne ele alınmıştır.
Gerçekleştirilen analizlerde, TCRP 100 ve TCRP 165 raporlarındaki yöntemler
izlenmiştir. Ayrıca, iki rapor arasında bazı kriterler bakımından bulunan farklılıklar
da çalışmada açıklanmıştır. Bununla birlikte, toplu taşıma hizmet düzeyinin toplu taşıma ile
otomobil seyahat sürelerinin farkı ve toplu
taşıma ile otomobil seyahat sürelerinin oranı bakımından
saptanması, bu araştırmanın temelini oluşturmuştur. Bu amaçla, Google
Maps’te bulunan “yol tarifleri” özelliği, otomobil
kullanımına bir referans olması açısından kullanılmıştır. Böylece, Kütahya’daki
Evliya Çelebi Yerleşkesine yolcu taşıyan tüm otobüs toplu taşımacılık
hatlarının seyahat süreleri, aynı güzergâh için Google Maps ile
belirlenen özel araç seyahat süreleri ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, toplu taşıma hizmet düzeyi, toplu taşıma ile otomobil
seyahat süreleri arasındaki fark ve toplu taşıma ile otomobil seyahat süreleri arasındaki
oran olarak değerlendirilmiştir.
Polimer Katkılı Harçların Mekanik ve Elektriksel Özdirenç Özelliklerinin Araştırılması
Authors: GÜÇLÜER Kadir
Published: December 2020

Elektriksel özdirenç değerleri günümüz yapı malzemelerinin sürdürülebilir hale getirilmesinde yardımcı olabilecek veriler sağlayabilmektedir. Bu amaçla, bu çalışmada polimer katkılı harçlarda mekanik ve elektriksel özdirenç değerleri araştırılmıştır. Polimer katkı toz halde olup harç üretiminde çimento ağırlığının % 0, 0,5, 1 ve 1,5 oranlarında ikame edilerek kullanılmıştır. Mekanik özellikleri belirleyebilmek amacıyla deney örnekleri 7 ve 28 gün boyunca laboratuvar ortamında kür edilmişler, ardından basınç ve eğilmede çekme deneylerine maruz bırakılmışlardır. Kür işlemi sonrasında deney örnekleri sabit 30V’lik gerilime maruz bırakılarak elektriksel özdirenç hesaplamaları yapılmıştır. Polimer katkı ile birlikte özdirenç değerlerinin arttığı, basınç ve eğilme dayanımlarının azaldığı tespit edilmiştir.
Optimal PI Kontrolör Tasarımı için Üçgenler Ağında Lineer Enterpolasyon Yöntemiyle Kararlılık Sınır Yüzeyinin Oluşturulması
Authors: KAVURAN Gürkan
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada, PI parametrelerinin grafiksel olarak hesaplanması için geliştirilen kararlılık sınır eğrisi kullanılarak, yeni bir yaklaşım önerilmiştir. Geleneksel kararlılık sınır eğrisi, kapalı çevrim sistemin karakteristik polinomu kullanılarak, kontrolör parametrelerinin belirli bir frekans aralığında birbirine göre çizimiyle elde edilir. Kararlılık sınır eğrisi altında kalan bölgedeki herhangi kp ve ki değerinin sistemi kararlı yaptığı bilinmektedir. Ancak hatanın değişimine göre hangi parametrelerin optimal sonuç verdiği kesin değildir. KSE altında kalan her nokta belirli bir frekans aralığında dağınık veri enterpolasyon yöntemine göre belirlenerek, 3 boyutlu kararlılık sınır yüzeyi (KSY) oluşturulmuştur. Çoğunlukla sistem kararlılığını garanti eden bu noktalar kullanılarak, kararlı kp ve ki parametre havuzu oluşturulmuştur. Havuzdaki her bir ve değerinin birbiriyle olan kombinasyonu kullanılarak, ITAE kriterine göre referans girdi ile sistem çıkışı arasındaki farkı minimize eden optimal PI parametreleri elde edilmiştir. Böylece hem kararlılık hem de optimallik sağlanmıştır. Benzetim çalışmalarının yanı sıra, çift rotorlu model helikopter sistemi üzerinde önerilen yöntemin geçerliliği test edilmiştir.
Kendi Kendini İyileştirebilen Mühendislik Seramikleri
Authors: GÖK Mustafa Güven
Published: December 2020

Yüksek sertlik ve aşınma direncine sahip olan mühendislik seramiklerini eşsiz kılan en önemli özelliği yüksek sıcaklık şartlarına olan dayanımlarıdır. Dolayısıyla bu malzemeler havacılık, uzay, otomotiv, elektronik ve enerji sektörleri gibi birçok alana hitap ederek oldukça geniş uygulama alanlarına sahiptirler. Mühendislik seramiklerinin işlevselliklerini daha da arttırabilmek için birçok yaklaşım geliştirilmiştir. Bunlardan en önemlisi seramiklerin kırılma tokluğunun iyileştirilmesidir. Ayrıca son yıllarda seramiğe yüksek sıcaklıkta kendi kendini iyileştirme özelliği kazandırılarak akıllı seramikler geliştirilmesine yönelik çalışmalar dikkat çekmektedir. Burada “kendini iyileştirme” ifadesinden kasıt; malzeme yüzeyinde kullanım esnasında veya öncesinde oluşan mikro çatlakların yine kullanım esnasında yüksek sıcaklıkta kendiliğinden onarılarak malzemenin yeniden mukavemet kazanması olayıdır. Mühendislik seramiklerinin yüksek sıcaklıkta kullanım esnasında kendiliğinden hasar alması çok karşılaşılan bir problem iken; geleneksel yöntemlerle bu hasarın anında ve sistemin çalışması sürecinde saptanması neredeyse imkansızdır. Dolayısı ile seramik malzemeye yüksek sıcaklıkta çalışma esnasında kendini iyileştirme özelliği kazandırmak bu malzemenin hizmet ömrünü ve kullanıldığı sistemin güvenliğini arttıracaktır. Bu çalışmada ilgili literatür ışığında seramiklerin kırılma tokluğunu arttırmaya yönelik mekanizmalar, kendini iyileştirebilen seramiklerin önemi, kendini iyileştirme mekanizması, bunların üretim yöntemi ve parametreleri, bileşimleri, mekanizmanın aktif hale gelmesi için gerekli olan sıcaklık değerleri, mikroyapı ve mekanik özelliklerindeki değişimler derlenerek sunulmuştur.
Sıtma Hastalığının Sınıflandırılmasında Evrişimsel Sinir Ağlarının Performanslarının Karşılaştırılması
Authors: DİKER Aykut
Published: December 2020

Sıtma, Plasmodium adlı bir kan parazitinin neden olduğu ciddi bir hastalıktır. Sıtmayı teşhis etmenin standart yolu, parazit bulaşmış kırmızı kan hücreleri için kan bulaşmalarını mikroskop altında uzmanlar tarafından görsel olarak incelenmesidir. Bu yöntem verimsizdir ve tanı, muayeneyi yapan kişinin deneyimine ve bilgisine bağlıdır. Daha önce teşhis için sıtma kan hücrelerine makine öğrenimine dayalı otomatik görüntü tanıma teknolojileri uygulanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, sıtma hücrelerinin parazit veya enfekte olmayan olarak ayırmak için, önceden eğitilmiş evrişimsel sinir ağlarına dayalı bütünleşik bir tanı sistemi önerilmiştir. Bu çalışmada sıtma hücrelerini sınıflandırmak için Ulusal Sağlık Enstitüleri'nde (NIH) toplam 27558 imge kullanılmıştır. Deneysel çalışmalar sonucunda, sıtma hücrelerinin sınıflandırılmasında, sırasıyla AlexNet, GoogleNet, SqueezeNet, ShuffleNet ESA modelleri ile % 95.77, % 96.31, % 95.95, % 96.44 ve 0.9880, 0.9887, 0.9888, 0.9923 EAA performans değerleri elde edilmiştir. Sıtma hücrelerinin sınıflandırılmasında en iyi sonuca, %96.44 Doğruluk değeri ile ShuffleNet CNN modeli kullanılarak ulaşılmıştır.
Gylippus Simon, 1879 Türlerinin Dişi Bireylerinde Eşeysel Deformasyon Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme (Gylippinae, Gylippidae, Solifugae)
Authors: ERDEK Melek
Published: December 2020

The differentiated genital sternite from other abdominal sternites is distinctive characteristic in female gylippids. In the present study, twenty-four female specimens belong to Gylippus Simon genus were examined. The female gylippids collected from different localities in Turkey belong to species of Gylippus (Gylippus) erseni Koç&Erdek 2019, Gylippus (Gylippus) syriacus Simon 1872, Gylippus (Hemigylippus) bayrami Erdek, 2015, Gylippus (Paragylippus) monoceros Werner 1905 and Gylippus sp.. It has been noted that during the mating period, the male exhibits aggressive and compulsive behaviours after approaching the female. The deformations and cuticular injuries on the genital segment, caused difficulties in species identification, are derived from coercive copulation behaviour during mating and pre-mating process.
Benzoat esteri içeren kumarin yapılı bileşiğin deneysel ve kuantum kimyasal hesaplamarı
Authors: SARAÇ Kamuran , ÇETİNKAYA Serap
Published: December 2020

Çalışmanın amacı 4-Kumarinil-4-florobenzoatı sentezleyerek deneysel ve teorik özelliklerini tespit etmekti. 4-Kumarinil-4-florobenzoat, aroil bileşiklerinin nükleofilik katılma-ayırma reaksiyonu kullanılarak sentezlendi. Bu bağlamda 4-kumarinil 4-florobenzoat bileşiği, kuantum kimyasal hesaplamalar ve spektral teknikler kullanılarak hem deneysel hem de teorik olarak karakterize edilmiştir. Bileşiğin temel halde 1H ve 13C’ün nükleer manyetik rezonansları ve infrared spektroskopik değerleri hem deneysel olarak hem de teorik olarak hesaplandı ( teorik hesaplamalar yapılırken yoğunluk fonksiyonel teorisi metodu kullanıldı). Hesaplanan infrared ve nükleer manyetik rezonan değerlerinin deneysel değerler ile uyumlu olduğu görüldü. Bileşiğin moleküler geometrisi, geometrik yapısı ve geometrik parametreler gibi kuantum kimyasal hesaplamarı 6-311G(d,p) temel seti ile hesaplandı. HOMO-LUMO arasındaki enerji farkı, kimyasal sertlik ve kimyasal yumuşaklık gibi elektronik özelliklerin kuantum kimyasal hesaplamarı yapıldı. 4-Kumarinil-4-florobenzoat‘ın moleküler elektrostatik potansiyel (MEP) yüzeyi elde edildi.
On the question of the treatment with electricity of some diseases of female genital organs
Authors: Vykhovsky S. В.
Published: December 2020

Therapy of diseases of the female genital area, with the exception of surgical procedures, in essence, is very poor by its means. The reason for this is, on the one hand, in the fact that, due to special local anatomical conditions, it is difficult, and sometimes even impossible, to influence this therapeutic approach, which in other areas of our body, with the same pathological process, brings significant benefits.
Preventive turn with narrow pelvis and its relation to the expectant method
Authors: Matsevsky K. F.
Published: December 2020

We now turn to the examination of the outcome of childbirth for mothers, both in the expectant method and in cases of preventive turn. Here we will observe traumatic injuries, feverish movements and their aftermath. For a more convenient comparison of the results, we decided to compare the data of 115 cases of the expectant method in parallel with the data of 60 cases of the preventive turn.
Meeting of the obstetric and gynecological society in kiev
No. 79.
Emergency appointment January 9, 1896
Authors: Rein G. E.
Published: December 2020

It was chaired by prof. G.E. Rein.Attended by: D. A. Abuladze, V. N. Gogotskiy, E. G. Gurin, V. P. Zhemchuzhnikov, P. Yu. Krol, G. G. Levitsikiy, N. K. Neelov, prof. A. D. Pavlovskiy, G. F. Pisemskiy, K. N. Podrazan, A. A. Redlikh, N. V. Untilov, N. V. Ipuvarskiy and A. P. Yakhontov.
K casuisticѣ destructive bladder skid (mola hydatitosa destruens)
Authors: Fratkin V. A.
Published: December 2020

(Doctor, 1897, No. 12).
To the question of the treatment of infertility
Authors: Fuchs G. M.
Published: December 2020

(Protocols and works of the society of Kherson doctors, 1895-96, published in 1897).
The volume of obstetrics among the Trans-Baikal foreigners in connection with some features of their life
Authors: Kirillov N.
Published: December 2020

(Bulletin of public hygiene, forensic and practical medicine, 1897, April).
Sergey Sergeevich Korsakov
Authors: Sukhanov Sergei
Published: December 2020

On May 1, 1900, an ordinary professor of the Moscow University, Sergei Sergeevich Korsakov, who was born on January 22, 1854, died in Moscow. The deceased is the son of a hereditary honorary citizen and comes from a noble family, which accidentally, during a plague, in the past century, lost its hereditarily noble rights. His father was an educated man, very intelligent.
Chronicle of the society of neuropathologists and psychiatrists at the imperial Kazan University. Protocol of the year's arrest on January 30, 1900
Authors: Popov N. M.
Published: December 2020

Chaired by N. M. Popov, under the secretary V. V. Nikolaev; attended by Messrs. honorary members: E. V. Adamyuk, K. A. Arnshtein, I. M. Dogel; biennium Active members: V. S. Boldyrev, V. I. Vasyatkin, B. I. Vorotynskiy, A. F. Geberg, V. N. Dolgov, G. A. Klyachkin, N. A. Mislavskiy, I. I. Naumov, D. V. Polumordvinov, I. A. Praksin, V. I. Razumovskiy, A. S. Segell, L. A. Sergѣev, A. I. Smirnov, I. V. Sorokovikov, D. A, Timofeev, A. E. Yapishevskiy; guests: prof. D. I. Dubyago, prof. P. M. Lyubimov, E. K. Meyer, Dr. Kampov, Melkikh, Rgmovich, Nebolyubov, Fedorov, Romanov, Favorskiy, Pechurkin, Ryasintsev and about 250 people of the public.
Chronicle of the society of neuropathologists and psychiatrists at the Imperial Kazan University. Protocol of the appointment of March 26, 1900
Authors: Popov N. M.
Published: December 2020

Chaired by N. M. Popov, under the secretary V. V. Nikolaev; attended by Messrs. acting members: V. N. Vasyatkin, B. I. Vorotynskiy, A. F. Geberg, I. M. Dogel. V.N.Dolgov, N.A.Mislavskiy. I. I. Naumov, V. N. Obraztsov, D. V. Polumordvinov, L. A. Sergeev, A. S. Segel, P. S. Skuridin, G. V. Sorokovikov, D. A. Timofeevs H. N Toporkov. A. E. Yanishevskiy; guests: Dr. Maleev, Egorov, Grache, Rymovich, Pervushin, Favorsky, Mering, Romanov, Loshilov. Avtokratov, Karaulov, Chudovich, Kazansky, Ostrovsky and about 30 people of the public.
Role of HRCT in temporal bone trauma vis-à-vis site of facial nerve injury: a pilot study
Authors: Munjal Manish , Mehndiratta Anju , Khurana Harneet , Munjal Shubham , Khurana Ajit Singh , Kalra Shivam , Bansal Ishan , Sharma Robin
Published: December 2020

Background: Facial nerve paralysis in head injuries has a lesion in the bony fallopian canal. The line of fracture and site of lesion was studied using high resolution computed tomography.

Methods: A prospective study of 37 subjects of facial nerve paralysis following head injury was undertaken. The patients were selected from the neurosurgical trauma centre of a tertiary care facility, of Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, during a period of one and a half years. HRCT was performed taking 2 mm axial and coronal cuts of temporal bone for all patients to analyse the type and site of fracture of the bony facial canal.  

Results: Total 19 (51.3%) patients had longitudinal fractures while transverse fracture was seen in 7 (18.9%) patients and 11 (29.7%) patients showed comminuted fracture on HRCT. Perigeniculate region was involved in 4 (44.4%) patients. Tympanic segment was affected in 3 (33.3%) patients and the mastoid segment in 4 (44.4%). The tympanic and the mastoid segments were involved simultaneously in two patients. These findings correlated with those observed on HRCT. 500 patients of head injury were screened and 48 (9.6%) patients were found to have facial nerve paralysis. 44 (91.67%) of these were males and 4 (8.33%) females. Majority of the patients (62.5%) were between the age group of 21-40 years.

Conclusions: In the present study of facial paralysis post head injury, longitudinal facial fractures were commonest followed by mixed and transverse on HRCT. The pregeniculate and the mastoid segments showed an equal incidence followed by the tympanic segment.
Utility of island bipaddle pectoralis major myocutaneous flap in reconstruction of full thickness lower gingivo-buccal sulcus defects
Authors: Deo Ravi P. , Kumar Balan Ashok , A. Sagayaraj , S. M. Azeem Mohiyuddin
Published: December 2020

Background: Aims of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of island bipaddle pectoralis major myocutaneous flap in the reconstruction of through and through lateral gingivobuccal sulcus defects.

Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out from 2013 - 2019 in the department of otorhinolaryngology and head and surgery at Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College and Hospital. After obtaining institutional ethical committee clearance. Sixty-one patients diagnosed with stage IV a lateral Gingivobuccal squamous cell carcinoma with skin involvement and reconstructed using island bipaddle pectoralis major myocutaneous flap were included in the study.  

Results: Majority of our patients were females. Nearly 50% of our patients had skin involvement secondary to Level-I nodal metastasis. Nine patients in our study developed complications. Among them seven patients had minor complications and in two patients the flap failed.

Conclusions: In resource constraint places where microvascular reconstruction facilities are not available and where replacing bone is not mandatory, island bipaddle pectoralis major myocutaneous flap can be used effectively as single stage reconstruction option for full thickness lower gingivo-buccal sulcus defects.
An epidemiological study of rhinosporidiosis in a tertiary care center in Rajnandgaon, Chhattisgarh
Authors: Singh Rahul , Nand Alpana
Published: December 2020

Background: Rhinosporidiosis is an age-old endemic scourge which has affected various parts of the world, most notably India and Sri Lanka. Rhinosporidiosis is endemic in the state of Chhattisgarh although a large body of literature exists regarding this problem, postoperative recurrence rates continue to vary, and the effect of public health education in the eradication of this disease has not been taken into account. The aim of this study was to find out the site, presentation and postoperative recurrence rate in patients with rhinosporidiosis.

Methods: This was a Prospective study involving operated cases of rhinosporidiosis in the department of ear, nose and throat of a tertiary care referral center over a period of 3 years. The behavioral pattern of the disease, its epidemiology, rate of recurrence and outcomes of surgical management were analyzed.

Results: A statistically significant correlation could be found between male gender and rural residential status and incidence of rhinosporidiosis. Bathing in rivers and ponds were found to be strongly associated with rhinosporidiosis (p=0.005). Almost all patients were found to be of low socioeconomic status. Nasal obstruction and epistaxis were the most common presenting complaints.

Conclusions: Rhinosporidiosis is strongly associated with male gender, young and middle-aged adults, agricultural occupations, rural residential status, a history of bathing in ponds and rivers and a low socioeconomic status. Post-surgical recurrence of rhinosporidial masses can be avoided with careful and complete clearance of the mass and cauterization of the base. Appropriate and consistent public health education helps to reduce the incidence of rhinosporidiosis in endemic communities.
Endoscopic trans-nasal removal of impacted bullet in the sphenoid sinus: a case report
Authors: Juwarna Wijaya , Munir Delfitri
Published: December 2020

Foreign body of the sphenoid sinus is a rare condition and most of the documented cases are shrapnel wounds. The most cases of sinuses foreign bodies are in maxillary and frontal sinus. Very few cases have been reported of lodgment of foreign body in paranasal sinuses. Garces and Norris reported that 70% of these foreign bodies usually appeared after maxillofacial traumas and 30% appeared during or after dental procedures of maxilla.  A bullet impacted in the sphenoid sinus case in nineteen-year-old man was reported involving the anterior skull base. The bullet was safely removed with the trans-nasal endoscopic approach preserving the structures around the sphenoid sinus. Proximity of the sphenoid sinus to vital structures such as the optic nerve and internal carotid artery may render life-threatening complications. Adequate knowledge of the anatomical variations with regard to the sphenoid sinus and good preoperative planning are essential to ensure safe removal of foreign bodies, thereby avoiding catastrophic complications.
The physiological and pathophysiological aspects of the sphenoid sinus: a review
Authors: Munjal Manish , Sethi Suneet , Munjal Shubham , Gupta Vidushi , Badyal Hem Lata , Sidhu Joginder K. , Sharma Garima
Published: December 2020

The sphenoid sinus among the paranasal sinuses, with its deep location and obstruction at the level of its ostium, is the commonest cause of occipital or vertex headache. Limited intervention reverts the intricate mucociliary physiology of the sinus. The surgery, a sphenoidotomy, is aptly captioned, the “functional endoscopic sinus surgery”, for the Sphenoid. The unique physio-pathology of the Sphenoid sinus shall be elaborated.  
The human larynx- an anatomical aspect: a review
Authors: Munjal Manish , Vohra Hitant , Munjal Shubham , Kumar Ajay , Sharma Anu , Singh Sonia , Soni Anshu , Gupta Seema , Goel Meenakshi
Published: December 2020

The organ of phonation and the air conduit, the larynx of the humans with its intricate architecture has been elaborated in context to its unique musculature, vasculature, innervation and histological anatomy.
Management of dermatophytosis with a novel itraconazole formulation: a research survey
Authors: Haldar Susmit
Published: December 2020

Background: Dermatophytic infections are the most prevalent fungal infections, which affect majority of the global population. Indian climate, especially the hot and humid conditions contribute majorly to dermatophytosis. Itraconazole is an orally active triazole antifungal drug, which has demonstrated a broad spectrum of activity and a favourable pharmacokinetic profile. Itraconazole at an appropriate dosage and duration schedule has been reported to be an effective antifungal drug and has achieved optimal results.

Methods: The present survey aimed at evaluating the efficacy of the novel itraconazole formulation,

I-Tyza 100 [itraconazole 100 mg (Abbott health care pvt ltd)] with multi-particulate in solid dispersion (MPSD) technology in patients with tinea infections. The data collection was based on the proportion of patients presenting in the clinics for tinea infections, the choice and duration of therapy, real life efficacy of the drug, and for understanding the overall antifungal therapy in dermatomycosis.

Results: The responses obtained from 177 doctors were evaluated, and statistical analyses were carried out. The results suggested that clinical presentation of patients with tinea infections per week ranged between 30% and 60%. For the management of tinea infections, oral itraconazole was preferred by maximum doctors, followed by terbinafine, griseofulvin and fluconazole. Also, majority of the doctors (83%) opined that MPSD technology could improve therapeutic efficacy of the novel itraconazole formulation.

Conclusions: The survey findings indicated that the novel itraconazole formulation is a preferred oral antifungal therapy for the management of tinea infections.
Clinico-epidemiological study of mask induced acne due to increased mask use among health care workers during COVID pandemic in a tertiary care institute
Authors: Aravamuthan Ramesh , Arumugam Shabari
Published: December 2020

Background: Acne vulgaris is a self-limiting, multifactorial disorder affecting the sebaceous glands and pilosebaceous follicles. Regular wearing of mask during this COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in increased incidence of acne flare. The objective is to study the incidence and the clinic-epidemiological factors associated with mask induced acne.

Methods: This is a cross sectional web-based survey conducted at Madras medical college and Rajiv Gandhi government general hospital during August 2020. The clinic-epidemiological details were collected from the 215 post-graduates of Madras medical college and Rajiv Gandhi government general hospital in a pre-set questionnaire.

Results: Among 215 study participants, 134 (62.3%) reported mask induced acne. Female gender has a statistically significant association. Itching was the most common complaint. Cheeks, chin and bridge of the nose were the common site of lesions. Comedone and papules were the common presenting lesions. Premenstrual flare and psychological stress had a statistically significant association.

Conclusion: Mask induced acne has various factors like micro-climate theory, hydration of keratin, mechanical occlusion of pilosebaceous unit pores, seborrhoea, ambient high humidity due to sweating involved in its pathogenesis. Although wearing a mask is extremely important to our fight against COVID-19, the general public should be aware of proper and rational mask wearing.
Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19: experience from a tertiary care center for COVID-19 management in South India
Authors: Mariyath Olasseri K. R. , Sukumarakurup Sreekanth , Samad Koyakutty A. , Devi Keerankulangara , Nikhil George , Minu Ulpurath , Mekha Premachandran , Shaan Mohamed
Published: December 2020

Cutaneous manifestations observed in COVID-19 include maculopapular rash, urticaria, pseudo chilblain, vesicles, livedo reticularis, petechiae, erythema multiforme-like, symmetric drug related intertriginous and flexural exanthem (SDRIFE)-like and pityriasis rosea-like lesions. Maculopapular rash involving the trunk and sparing palms and soles is the most common cutaneous manifestation reported in COVID-19 patients. We report cutaneous manifestations in six COVID-19 patients from the corona isolation ward and intensive care unit of a tertiary care center for COVID-19 management in Kerala, South India. The skin lesions observed were urticaria (two patients), atypical maculopapular rash with urticarial and erythema multiforme-like lesions, eruptive pseudoangiomatosis, exaggerated insect bite reaction and acute localized exanthematous pustulosis (ALEP)-like lesions. To the best of our knowledge atypical maculopapular rash with urticarial and erythema multiforme-like lesions, eruptive pseudoangiomatosis and acute localized exanthematous pustulosis-like lesions are not reported in COVID-19.
Persistence pays: a case of primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma masked by granulomas
Authors: Jairath Ruple , Jairath Neil K. , Vandenboom Timothy , Goldfarb Michael T.
Published: December 2020

Primary cutaneous diffuse large B cell lymphoma is a form of cutaneous lymphoma characterized by a clonal proliferation of B cells that is often presents with a delayed diagnosis, and therefore often carries poor prognosis. We report a 77-year-old female presenting with a shin lesion resembling a deep dermal or fungal process. Initial biopsy revealed superficial and deep mixed granulomatous inflammatory infiltrate, which suggested an initial diagnosis of Majocchi’s granuloma, despite negative fungal cultures. Despite treatment, the progressive worsening of the skin lesions prompted multiple repeat biopsies, which eventually revealed CD20, Bcl-2, and Bcl-6 staining, loss of CD3 and CD30, and high Ki67, compatible with a cutaneous high-grade B-cell lymphoma. Clinical presentations of primary cutaneous diffuse large B cell lymphoma can mimic several different clinical entities, rarely including granulomatous disease, such as a fungal pathology. This report highlights the importance of persistence and a multimodal approach to the diagnosis of unidentified skin lesions, especially in the setting of failure to respond to standard therapies.
Smoke Prevention and Exhaust System for Buildings Based on Performance-Oriented Design
Authors: Jin Xiaohua , Zhang Lingbo , Gong Jiankun , Zhu Caixia , Wan Hang , Li Xiaoyan
Published: December 2020

To improve the efficiency of smoke prevention and exhaust (SPE) system for buildings, this paper analyzes the building space structure, SPE design and equipment, fire control strategy, and smoke features of emerging buildings, namely, metro stations, tunnels, atriums, and underground garages, and evaluates the reliability of water curtain system in SPE design. By analyzing the factors affecting the SPE efficiency of buildings, the authors measured the effect of building SPE plan and evacuation situation, and summarized the keys and technical difficulties in the SPE system research of different types of buildings. Considering building features and SPE optimization strategy, it is recommended to apply water curtain system as fire partitions in metro stations and underground garages. The proposed optimization strategy, coupled with the original SPE system for buildings, marks the research trend of SPE system for emerging buildings in future.
Problems of law-making policy
Authors: Mazurenko A.P.
Published: December 2020

The main problems of the development of law-making policy in modern Russia are analyzed. The views of various scientists regarding the content and nature of this political and legal phenomenon are considered. The author's definition of law-making policy is proposed, and the goals of such a policy for the foreseeable future and possible means of achieving them are highlighted.
Semantics and functions of the indefinite pronoun muta in the Khanty language
Authors: Fedorkiv L.A.
Published: December 2020

Indefinite pronouns, like all pronouns, receive specific meanings in a coherent speech environment and serve as a means of actualizing communication. The functional-semantic features of the indefinite pronouns of the Khanty language were not the subject of special research. A single indefinite pronoun has its own functional-semantic potential. For the first time, the article discusses in detail the features of the functioning of the indefinite pronoun of mŏλti in the Kazym dialect of the Khanty language.
The psychological concept of gifted children
Authors: Voloskov I.V. , Vallis I.
Published: December 2020

The article examines the basic approaches to children's giftedness, common in Russian and foreign psychology. The authors consider it necessary to combine the best achievements of Russian and foreign concepts of giftedness in order to create a unified theory of giftedness.
Religious education in the Republic of Tatarstan: history and modernity
Authors: Matushanskaya Yu.G. , Gatina E.L.
Published: December 2020

The Republic of Tatarstan is a specific and unique region. Its distinctive features are multiconfessionalism and multiculturalism. The article is devoted to religious education in the Republic of Tatarstan
Water-free oil reservoirs: origin and morphology
Authors: Kireeva Tatyana A.
Published: December 2020

The features of the morphology and composition of secondary minerals in the reservoir zones of the White Tiger (Bach Ho) deposit (shelf of South Vietnam) and deposits in clay rocks of the Bazhenov formation of the Salym area of Western Siberia are considered. It is shown that the common for these fields is the formation of a reservoir as a result of the leaching effect of high-temperature fluids. The genesis of the reservoir is determined by a complex of secondary minerals, obviously of hydrothermal origin, partially filling caverns and cracks in the rock: native silver – zincous copper – barite – anhydrite – kaolinite – laumontite (White Tiger oilfield) and sulphates of iron, aluminum, sodium and calcium – iron-aluminum alum, alunite, jarosite, mirabilite, melanterite, gypsum (deposit in the rocks of the Bazhenov formation of the Salym area). Diagnostics of secondary minerals was established based on the results of microprobe studies of undisturbed samples and analysis of the composition of water extracts from crushed core samples.The species composition of secondary minerals indicates a high temperature of the affected solutions, which varied from 600 to 200°C in the case of the White Tiger oilfield, and in the range of 350–450°C, in the case of rocks of the Bazhenov formation. Hydrothermal alteration of crystalline rocks with the formation of secondary clay minerals (kaolinite, montmorillonite, hydromica), zeolites and minerals-sulfates, which are crystalline hydrates, occurs with the absorption of huge amounts of water by the rock (up to 4∙108 tons of water per 1 km3 of altered rock). This may be related to the waterlessness (lack of bottom water) of oilfields, the reservoir of which has a hydrothermal origin. It is possible that oil deposits in crystalline rocks with high oil-saturated zones have associated waters of hydrothermal rather than sedimentogenic origin, but they occur at considerable depths and are not penetrated by drilling. This possibility is evidenced by the discovery of hydrothermal water in the basement of the White Tiger reservoir at a depth of 4493 m, which, in terms of chemical composition and mineralization, is close to the waters of sodium chloride hydrotherms of Kamchatka.
Geochemistry of neoprotherosoic organic matter in the southeast of the Siberian platform
Authors: Timoshina Irina D. , Boldushevskaya Lyudmila N.
Published: December 2020

In the Neoproterozoic of the Aldan-Maya depression, the rocks of the Malgin (MF), Tsipanda (TF) and Kumakha (KF) Formations are enriched in organic matter (OM) and can be classified as source rocks. High generation potential is typical for the MF and TF (267–511 mg HC/g TOC). The thermal maturity level of OM corresponds to MC12 grade (Tmax is 438–443ºC). Based on the biomarker distribution, the biological precursors of OM in these formations are mostly prokaryotes, including cyanobacteria (hopanes, acyclic biomarkers) and to a lesser extent eukaryotes (the presence of steranes С27-C30) that lived in the Precambrian (the presence of 12- and 13-monomethylalkanes) marine (absence of continental biomarkers, the distributions of acyclic alkanes and steranes) basin with clayey sedimentation (high content of diasteranes). The absence of steranes in some samples (the absence of eukaryotes in the source OM), the MF is likely to have been partly deposited before the emergence of eukaryotes. Most samples have elevated concentrations of low-molecular tricyclanes (2C19-20/C23-26>1), which can be attributed to the specificity of the source biota, although it is not typical for marine OM. A rare homologous series of 2,7-dimethylalkanes that has been recently found by other researchers in some Precambrian strata is present in several samples of the MF and KF and totally absent from all samples of the TF. This may indicate the differences in its biota, depositional environments or its evolution during diagenesis and catagenesis. A distinctive feature of the TF is the high content of ethylcholestanes (C29/C27=2.5).
Evaluation of the Relationship between Silent Cerebral Lesions and Triglyceride/HDL-Cholesterol in Patients with First Stroke Attack
Authors: ACİMAN DEMİREL Esra , KALAYCI Gülcan , AÇIKGÖZ Mustafa , ÇELEBİ Ulufer , CİNAR Bilge , ATASOY Hüsyin Tuğrul
Published: December 2020

Aim: Triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio is defined as the serum atherogenicity index. High TG/HDL-C ratio is related with vascular diseases, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. The TG/HDL-C ratio in cerebrovascular diseases, especially in silent cerebral lesions hasn’t been well studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of silent cerebral ischemia (SCI) and leukoaraiosis (LA), and its relationship with TG/HDL-C ratio in patients admitted with the first ischemic stroke attack.
Material and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 200 patients who admitted to Bulent Ecevit University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology with the diagnosis of acute first ischemic stroke. Silent cerebral lesions were defined as LA and SCI with magnetic resonance imaging. TG/HDL-C ratio was calculated by dividing TG levels by HDL-C levels.
Results: Silent cerebral lesions were detected 124 (83.2%) of 149 patients. LA severity was evaluated according to Fazekas score, 22 (14.8%) of patients were grade 0, 49 (32.9%) of them were grade 1, and 78 (52.3%) of them were advanced periventricular white matter hyperintensity (adv-PWMH) group. TG/HDL-C ratio in SCI group was higher than the group without SCI, but it wasn’t statistically significant (p=0.091). A significant increase was observed in the TG/HDL-C ratio, as LA severity increased. TG/HDL-C ratio was significantly higher in adv-PWMH group (p=0.050).
Conclusion: High serum atherogenicity index is associated with atherosclerosis and vascular endothelial dysfunction. With this simple, inexpensive and effective test method, high-risk group of LA and SCI could be identified.
Investigation of the Factors Associated with Mortality in Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections: Five-Year Observation
Authors: İNCE Nevin , YEKENKURUL Dilek , ÇALIŞKAN Emel , GÜRBÜZ Ali Rıza , YENER Selvi
Published: December 2020

Aim: Intravenous catheter use can cause various infections ranging from infection at the site of catheter entry to bacteremia and colonization. The purpose of this study was to identify the causative micro-organisms, and effects on morbidity-mortality of catheter-related bloodstream infections developing over the last five years.

Material and Methods: Data for 194 patients who underwent central intravenous catheter insertion in our hospital’s intensive care unit and other departments between November 2014 and August 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. Blood samples taken from the catheter or the catheter tip, and blood samples collected simultaneously from the peripheral vein were included in the study, and culture results were recorded. Patients’ demographic data and the effects of the factors identified on morbidity and mortality were subjected to statistical analysis.

Results: Ninety-two (47.4%) of the 194 patients included in the study were female and 102 (52.6%) were male, and mortality rate was 62.4% (n=121). The frequency of underlying medical conditions such as asthma, congestive heart failure, and cerebrovascular event, and receiving treatments such as immunosuppression, transfusion, tracheostomy, nasogastric tube, and mechanical ventilation were higher in mortal cases than non-mortal cases. A total of two hundred and forty microorganisms were detected in 194 patients, 121 (50.4%) of which were Gram negative bacteria, while 68 (28.3%) were Gram positive bacteria, and 51 (21.3%) were Candida species.

Conclusion: As a result, it was observed that the advanced age, underlying diseases and presence of resistant microorganisms were higher in mortal cases.
The Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Vena Cava Inferior Diameter as an Intraabdominal Pressure Indicator
Authors: ERTAŞ İzzettin , BULDANLI Mehmet Zeki , GİRİŞGİN Sadık , ÖZEMİR İbrahim Ali , ÇOLAPKULU Nuray
Published: December 2020

Aim: Intraabdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) are accepted as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to investigate the utility of ultrasonography (US) as a non-invasive technique for evaluation of IAH, ACS and abdominal perfusion pressure (APP).

Material and Methods: Ninety-five patients with intensive care unit requirement, who applied to emergency department and also received a urine catheter were included in the study. During first evaluation intraabdominal pressure (IAP) calculated via measuring intravesical pressure. Inferior vena cava (VCI) diameter, pulsed wave (PW) and central venous pressure (CVP) were recorded by using US. Patients were divided into three groups according to their IAP (IAP 20 mm Hg). Each group were evaluated separately in terms of VCI inspirium (i) and expirium (e) diameters.

Results: Mean age of the patients was 68.6±14.5 (range, 24-91) years. Median IAP was 9.55 mm Hg and mean APP was 70.41±17.67 mm Hg. VCIi and VCIe diameters were significantly different in Group 1 with normal (
Serum Zonulin Levels and Social Cognition in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: YURTERİ Nihal , ŞAHİN İbrahim Ethem
Published: December 2020

Aim: Alterations in gut-brain axis of patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been indicated in recent studies. The aim of this study was to determine whether serum level of zonulin, considered to be a regulator of permeability in both gut-blood and blood-brain barriers, was associated with ADHD symptoms, and to evaluate the relationship between zonulin and social cognition in children with ADHD.

Material and Methods: Serum level of zonulin was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 40 treatment-naive children with ADHD, and age and gender matched 40 healthy children as control group. DuPaul ADHD Rating Scale was used for ADHD symptoms and reading the mind in the eyes test (RMET) was administered by the clinician to examine the social cognitive abilities.

Results: We found that serum zonulin levels were significantly higher in ADHD group compared to control group (p=0.010). Also, children with ADHD have significantly lower RMET scores (p=0.007). Furthermore, we found statistically significant positive correlations between serum zonulin levels and ADHD symptoms (p
Comparison of Single Incision Laparoscopic and Classic Stamm Gastrostomy Methods in Children
Authors: KABAKLIOĞLU Murat , KAYA Murat
Published: December 2020

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare single incision laparoscopic gastrostomy (SILG) with open surgery in children.

Material and Methods: Children who underwent laparoscopic and open gastrostomy surgeries between January 2016 and March 2020 were retrospectively evaluated. The data were arranged according to the patient's demographics, duration of surgery and anesthesia, time to start enteral feeding, and complications. For Stamm procedure, the abdomen was explored with an upper midline incision and a gastric tube was passed through a second incision. In the SILG method, only one incision was made. After inserting a camera was placed into a trocar, then a grasper was placed just next to the trocar. A part of stomach was removed through the incision. A foley catheter was placed visually into the lumen.

Results: There was no statistically significant difference between operation times for both surgical groups (p=0.844); the same was true for anesthesia times (p=0.919). The time taken to initiate and reach full enteral nutrition differed significantly between two groups (p=0.005). In general, when all complications were evaluated, more complications were found in the open surgery group (p=0.077). A remarkable number of maintenance problems (65.6%) were observed in both groups.

Conclusion: SILG is a technique that is not technically demanding and can be performed by any pediatric surgeon with experience in laparoscopy. Primary laparoscopic gastrostomy at the trocar insertion site can be performed easily and safely in all children with malnutrition due to low postoperative complication rates and applicable for all ages of children.
IMPROVING READING SKILLS IN THE USE OF QUESTION AND ANSWER
Authors: Zainuddin Zainuddin
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses the nature of reading comprehension, types of comprehension, why questioning helps students comprehend texts better. It also correlates to the advantages of using Questions-Answer Relationship (QAR) to improve students’ reading comprehension skills and the application of QAR. the paper concludes with several suggestions for classroom in the university level. This research was planned for collaborative classroom activity where the writer (acted as the instructor) and his collaborator (acted as the observer) worked together on the methods of this research, specifically: preparatory, planning, actualizing the plan, observing the activity, and reflecting the result of the activity. The subjects of this research were 30 English students at English education department in the university. For the data collection, the writer employed the checklist, field notes, and test. All the data collection were analyzed descriptively, and the results were compared with the criteria of success in this article to see whether the criteria of success had been accomplished or not.
BUHÂRÎ’NİN HALKU EF’ÂLİ’L-‘İBÂD ADLI ESERİNİN HALKU’L-KUR’AN BAĞLAMINDA DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: ÇINAR Bayram
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışma Buhârî’nin Halku ef‘âli’l-‘ibâd adlı kitabının bir değerlendirmesini yapmayı hedefler. Çalışmamız Mihne’ye de konu olan Halku'l-Kur'an teolojik sorununa ilişkin Buhârî'nin yaklaşımını ve ulaştığı sonuçları bu eseri üzerinden değerlendirmeyi amaçlar. Onun bu kitabının tartışmaya ilişkin bir diğer önemi ise bu eserde savunduğu tezler sebebiyle Buhârî’nin kendisinin de bir toplumsal linç ile karşılaşmış olmasıdır. Kendisinin de mensubu olduğu Ehl-i hadis tarafından bir baskıya uğraması, bu esere daha dikkatli bakma gereğini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Buhârî’nin bu kitabındaki tezleri sebebiyle bir mağduriyet yaşaması en basit hali ile onun belirli konularda mensubu olduğu ekol ile farklılaşan bir bakış açısına sahip olduğunu gösterir. Eseri daha yakından ele alıp Buhârî’nin tezlerini ortaya çıkardığımız takdirde, onun muhatap olduğu bu fiili durumun neden(ler)i hakkında daha net konuşma imkânımız da olacaktır. Ehl-i hadisin dönemde öne çıkan görüşleri de bu sayede daha belirgin bir hal almış olacaktır. Zira eserine yansıdığı biçimi ile o, İbn Hanbel’in görüşlerinin yanlış anlaşıldığı kanaatindedir. Ölümünden çok kısa bir süre sonra İbn Hanbel’in söylemi üzerinde bir değişimden söz edilebiliyor ise, Ehl-i hadisin konuya dair bakış açısında değişikliğin olduğundan bahsedilebilir. Bu yüzden çalışmamızda Buhârî’nin konuya ilişkin tezleri Ehl-i hadisin tezleri ile mukayeseli olarak verilecektir.
Does standardization have an impact on innovation activity in different countries?
Authors: Mentel Urszula , Hajduk-Stelmachowicz Marzena
Published: December 2020

Nowadays, innovation and standardization are very important issues. The aim of this paper was to review the relationship between the components of the Summary Innovation Index (SII) according to the European Innovation Scoreboard and the features that determine the innovation level in 35 countries (taking into account the number of the following certificates: ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ISO 27001, ISO 50001, ISO 22000, ISO 13485) in 2017. The innovation ranking was created for these countries, considering the fact of certification for compliance with the ISO requirements. In this paper, an attempt was made to determine whether countries with very low innovation activity (performance) are at the same time characterized by a very low level of saturation with globally recognized ISO certificates, which confirm the implementation, functioning and improvement of selected types of management systems. The conclusions from the study are as follows: 1) standardization can be seen as an innovation tool; 2) as the number of ISO 9001 certificates increases, the number of ISO 14001 certificates (per the population of 100,000 people) also increases; 3) as the number of ISO 13485 certificates increases, the value of the SII also becomes higher. The features are modelled at 70%; 4) the weakest relationship can be observed between the SII and the ISO 9001 certification; 5) Switzerland obtained the highest mean value set for the innovation index proposed in the study, suggesting that the country can be considered the innovation leader of 2017 from among the countries investigated. The last (35th) place in the ranking was occupied by Ukraine.
Acknowledgement(s)The authors are thankful to The Ministry of Science and Higher Education in Poland for financial support to carry out this research.