bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Back-light color holography system using a reflection hologram
Authors: Nagahama Masatoshi , Kubota Toshihiro
Published: June 2021

We propose a system that utilizes reflection holograms to realize color holography that illuminates from the back site. In this configuration, two types of polarizers and two quarter-wave plates are used. By combining these elements and controlling the polarization direction of the transmitted beam that passes through them, it is possible to avoid the drawbacks of the conventional method of illuminating from the front. The reconstructed image has a wide viewing angle, and a clear color image can be observed. The effectiveness of this configuration in the proposed color holography system is discussed with respect to the dependence of the polarization characteristics of the elements on the angle of incidence. We also constructed a benchtop prototype with this configuration and evaluated its effectiveness.
Composite polarization systems for independent controlling polarization of two beams with different wavelengths
Authors: Bibikova Evelina A. , Kundikova Nataliya D. , Mukhin Yurii V. , Chirkov Vladimir V.
Published: June 2021

The usage of independent and simultaneous control of the state of light polarization at different wavelengths can expand the capabilities of polarization methods for biomedical application. Unfortunately, all known methods of polarization conversion cannot convert the state of light polarization at different wavelengths independently. We propose a method and device for independent and simultaneous control of the polarization state at two wavelengths. We have theoretically proved the possibility of maintaining the phase shift at the first wavelength unchanged while simultaneously and independently changing the phase shift at the second wavelength from 0 to 180 degrees. The capabilities of the method were for the first time demonstrated for radiation with wavelengths λ = 632.8 nm and λ = 488 nm. At the wavelength λ = 632.8 nm, the phase shift remained equal to 180° whereas at the wavelength λ = 488 nm, it varied in the range from 121° to 136°.
Quantitation of cerebral oxygen tension using phasor analysis and phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (PLIM)
Authors: Liu Chang , Chisholm Amanda , Fu Buyin , Su Clover T.-Y. , Şencan İkbal , Sakadžić Sava , Yaseen Mohammad A.
Published: June 2021

Time-domain measurements for fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) and phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (PLIM) are conventionally computed by nonlinear curve fitting techniques to model the time-resolved profiles as mono- or multi-exponential decays. However, these techniques are computationally intensive and prone to fitting errors. The phasor or “polar plot” analysis method has recently gained attention as a simple method to characterize fluorescence lifetime. Here, we adapted the phasor analysis method for absolute quantitation of phosphorescence lifetimes of oxygen-sensitive phosphors and used the phasor-derived lifetime values to quantify oxygen partial pressure (pO2) in cortical microvessels of awake mice. Our results, both experimental and simulated, demonstrate that oxygen measurements obtained from computationally simpler phasor analysis agree well with traditional curve fitting calculations. To our knowledge, the current study constitutes the first application of the technique for characterizing microsecond-length, time-domain phosphorescence measurements and absolute, in vivo quantitation of a vital physiological parameter. The method shows promise for monitoring cerebral metabolism and pathological changes in preclinical rodent models.
Light pressure in droplet micro-resonators excited by free-space scattering
Authors: D’Ambrosio D. , Capezzuto M. , Avino S. , Malara P. , Giorgini A. , De Natale P. , Gagliardi G.
Published: June 2021

A droplet optical resonator is a unique environment to investigate light–matter interaction and optomechanics in liquids. Here, we report on light pressure effects derived from whispering gallery modes excited in a liquid-polymer droplet micro-resonator by free-space laser scattering. From the nonlinear resonance spectrum observed in the visible, we provide evidence of photon pressure exerted at the liquid-air boundary and quantify it with a coherent physical model. Our findings pave the way to studies on micro-rheology and nonlinear optofluidics, where droplets serve as miniature liquid laboratories.
Well-being during COVID-19 pandemic: A comparison of individuals with minoritized sexual and gender identities and cis-heterosexual individuals
Authors: Buspavanich Pichit , Lech Sonia , Lermer Eva , Fischer Mirjam , Berger Maximilian , Vilsmaier Theresa , Kaltofen Till , Keckstein Simon , Mahner Sven , Behr Joachim , Thaler Christian J. , Batz Falk
Published: June 2021

Background

Preliminary empirical data indicates a substantial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on well-being and mental health. Individuals with minoritized sexual and gender identities are at a higher risk of experiencing such negative changes in their well-being. The objective of this study was to compare levels of well-being among cis-heterosexual individuals and individuals with minoritized sexual and gender identities during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

Using data obtained in a cross-sectional online survey between April 20 to July 20, 2020 (N = 2332), we compared levels of well-being (WHO-5) across subgroups (cis-individuals with minoritized sexual identities, individuals with minoritized gender identities and cis-heterosexual individuals) applying univariate (two-sample t-test) and multivariate analysis (multivariate linear regression).

Results

Results indicate overall lower levels of well-being as well as lower levels of well-being in minoritized sexual or gender identities compared to cis-heterosexual individuals. Further, multivariate analyses revealed that living in urban communities as well as being in a relationship were positively associated with higher levels of well-being. Furthermore, a moderation analysis showed that being in a relationship reduces the difference between groups in terms of well-being.

Conclusion

Access to mental healthcare for individuals with minoritized sexual and gender identities as well as access to gender-affirming resources should be strengthened during COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare services with low barriers of access such as telehealth and online peer support groups should be made available, especially for vulnerable groups.
Development and validation of artificial intelligence to detect and diagnose liver lesions from ultrasound images
Authors: Tiyarattanachai Thodsawit , Apiparakoon Terapap , Marukatat Sanparith , Sukcharoen Sasima , Geratikornsupuk Nopavut , Anukulkarnkusol Nopporn , Mekaroonkamol Parit , Tanpowpong Natthaporn , Sarakul Pamornmas , Rerknimitr Rungsun , Chaiteerakij Roongruedee
Published: June 2021

Artificial intelligence (AI) using a convolutional neural network (CNN) has demonstrated promising performance in radiological analysis. We aimed to develop and validate a CNN for the detection and diagnosis of focal liver lesions (FLLs) from ultrasonography (USG) still images. The CNN was developed with a supervised training method using 40,397 retrospectively collected images from 3,487 patients, including 20,432 FLLs (hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), cysts, hemangiomas, focal fatty sparing, and focal fatty infiltration). AI performance was evaluated using an internal test set of 6,191 images with 845 FLLs, then externally validated using 18,922 images with 1,195 FLLs from two additional hospitals. The internal evaluation yielded an overall detection rate, diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 87.0% (95%CI: 84.3–89.6), 83.9% (95%CI: 80.3–87.4), and 97.1% (95%CI: 96.5–97.7), respectively. The CNN also performed consistently well on external validation cohorts, with a detection rate, diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 75.0% (95%CI: 71.7–78.3), 84.9% (95%CI: 81.6–88.2), and 97.1% (95%CI: 96.5–97.6), respectively. For diagnosis of HCC, the CNN yielded sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 73.6% (95%CI: 64.3–82.8), 97.8% (95%CI: 96.7–98.9), and 96.5% (95%CI: 95.0–97.9) on the internal test set; and 81.5% (95%CI: 74.2–88.8), 94.4% (95%CI: 92.8–96.0), and 97.4% (95%CI: 96.2–98.5) on the external validation set, respectively. CNN detected and diagnosed common FLLs in USG images with excellent specificity and NPV for HCC. Further development of an AI system for real-time detection and characterization of FLLs in USG is warranted.
A new method for the study of biophysical and morphological parameters in 3D cell cultures: Evaluation in LoVo spheroids treated with crizotinib
Authors: Sargenti Azzurra , Musmeci Francesco , Cavallo Carola , Mazzeschi Martina , Bonetti Simone , Pasqua Simone , Bacchi Francesco , Filardo Giuseppe , Gazzola Daniele , Lauriola Mattia , Santi Spartaco
Published: June 2021

Three-dimensional (3D) culture systems like tumor spheroids represent useful in vitro models for drug screening and more broadly for cancer biology research, but the generation of uniform populations of spheroids remains challenging. The possibility to properly characterize spheroid properties would increase the reliability of these models. To address this issue different analysis were combined: i) a new device and relative analytical method for the accurate, simultaneous, and rapid measurement of mass density, weight, and size of spheroids, ii) confocal imaging, and iii) protein quantification, in a clinically relevant 3D model. The LoVo colon cancer cell line forming spheroids, treated with crizotinib (CZB) an ATP-competitive small-molecule inhibitor of the receptor tyrosine kinases, was employed to study and assess the correlation between biophysical and morphological parameters in both live and fixed cells. The new fluidic-based measurements allowed a robust phenotypical characterization of the spheroids structure, offering insights on the spheroids bulk and an accurate measurement of the tumor density. This analysis helps overcome the technical limits of the imaging that hardly penetrates the thickness of 3D structures. Accordingly, we were able to document that CZB treatment has an impact on mass density, which represents a key marker characterizing cancer cell treatment. Spheroid culture is the ultimate technology in drug discovery and the adoption of such precise measurement of the tumor characteristics can represent a key step forward for the accurate testing of treatment’s potential in 3D in vitro models.
Targeted advertisements and incentive for market consolidation in next-generation TV
Authors: Tyagi Aman , Peha Jon M.
Published: June 2021

The next-generation television (TV) standard will give over-the-air (OTA) broadcasters the ability to target advertisements. This could give a competitive advantage to broadcasters with more channels and hence create incentive for consolidation. Consolidation in the OTA TV industry could concern policy-makers. We construct a model to estimate revenues and costs of targeted advertising and derive profit-maximizing strategies. We find that profit is maximized by sending targeted advertisements via fixed broadband, even on devices that are watched for only a few minutes per week, but until costs drop significantly, not via mobile broadband in most cases. Our results show that targeted advertisements would not create strong incentive for consolidation in the scenarios that we consider most likely, so policy-makers should be sceptical of arguments that consolidation should be allowed on the grounds that consolidation leads to large cost savings. However, we do identify plausible scenarios where broadcasters with more channels would be significantly more profitable.
Propuesta de reforma en materia de trasplante de órganos y donación de sangre ante la nueva realidad tecnocientífica
Authors: Sánchez García Lucía
Published: June 2021

Aunque desde 1971 se conoce la trasmisión de cáncer del donante de un órgano al receptor del mismo, hoy en día se han descrito muchos más casos. Junto a este sorprendente hecho debe tenerse en cuenta también que, gracias a las posibilidades que nos ofrece la ciencia y la biotecnología, se sabe que actualmente al menos un 5% de los recién nacidos nacen con susceptibilidad genética a desarrollar cáncer. De este sorprendente porcentaje, tan solo un niño de cada 100 termina finalmente desarrollando la enfermedad. Esta nueva realidad relativa a los individuos con susceptibilidad genética a desarrollar cáncer, junto con las evidencias científicas que demuestran que existe un riesgo cierto de trasmisión de dicha susceptibilidad mediante un trasplante de órganos o donación de sangre, hace necesaria la revisión de la normativa jurídica sobre trasplante de órganos y donación de sangre. Este trabajo propone cómo acomodar esta nueva realidad científica dentro del marco jurídico actual que regula el trasplante de órganos y la donación de sangre.
El horizonte de la videovigilancia penitenciaria en la reciente investigación criminológica
Authors: Cazorla González Cristina
Published: June 2021

Desde hace décadas los dispositivos cctv forman parte del ecosistema penitenciario, pero hasta no hace mucho su pretendida eficacia en la gestión de la política securitaria interior en este tipo de espacios era asumida sin más por todos los actores implicados, imbuida en las maniqueístas concepciones que propugnan un control absoluto de la vida carcelaria de los internos. A medio de las presentes líneas se expondrán los principales trabajos criminológicos publicados en los últimos años sobre las prestaciones, fortalezas y debilidades de la videovigilancia penitenciaria. Del mismo modo, se tratará de presentar de forma sucinta el estado actual de la videovigilancia penitenciaria en España. De esta forma, el lector podrá constatar el surgimiento de una prometedora y fascinante línea de investigación a nivel internacional en la que se reputa absolutamente perentorio profundizar no solo en el conocimiento de la gestión de la política securitaria de nuestros sistemas penitenciarios contemporáneos, sino cómo dichos sistemas deben conciliar la utilización de tecnologías cada vez más invasivas con el respeto a los derechos humanos de los reclusos.
Az „emberfölötti ember” dilemmája Móricznál
Authors: Papp Ágnes Klára
Published: June 2021

Móriczra általában nem szokás úgy gondolni, mint a világirodalmi hatások bűvkörében alkotó íróra (talán az Isten háta mögött Flaubert-utalása kivételével). Pedig épp a Sárarany esetében mind a Bűn és bűnhődés, mind pedig a Zarathustra hatása egyértelműen kimutatható a motívumoktól kezdve egyes részletek megformálásán át a szereplők alakjának megalkotásáig. Mi több, a két mű alapkérdése: a közönséges és az „emberfeletti” ember ellentéte, a morál határainak kérdése, maga a bűn problematikája párbeszédbe állítja a két mű gondolatrendszerét a sajátosan magyar történet keretein belül. A tanulmány ennek a párbeszédnek a rekonstruálására, a Dosztojevszkij- és a Nietzsche-hatás tisztázására tesz kísérletet.
A magyar Dosztojevszkij-kultusz Révay Mór János népművelő tevékenységének tükrében
Authors: S. Vandan Zaya
Published: June 2021

Európai sajátosság, hogy a nagy válság-korszakokban mindig megnő a Dosztojevszkij-művek iránti érdeklődés. Nem volt ez másképp Magyarországon sem, hiszen az első világháború utáni időszakra, 1920–30-as évekre tehető az író népszerűségének a csúcsa. Vajon milyen egyedi folyamatok vezettek oda, hogy az orosz író ekkorra a magyar kultúra szerves részévé vált? Jelen tanulmány többek között erre a kérdésre keres választ, és arra vállalkozik, hogy egyrészről feltérképezze a magyar Dosztojevszkij-kultusz intézményi kereteit, másrészről bemutassa Révay Mór János népnevelő tevékenységét, amely nagyban hozzájárulhatott ahhoz, hogy a magyar olvasóközönség megismerje Dosztojevszkij életét és megértse irodalomtörténeti jelentőségét.
Metodología de Elkonin-Davidov y la teoría de la actividad en América Latina
Authors: Solovieva Yulia , Quintanar Luis
Published: June 2021

La teoría de la actividad continua la aproximación histórico-cultural, introducida por L. S. Vigotsky. Dentro de la teoría de la actividad, se puede hablar de varias concepciones más paprticulares que, a veces, se tienden a concebir de forma aislada. La concepción de Elkonin-Davidov puede servir como un ejemplo. El objetivo del artículo es mostrar que la teoría de la actividad psicológica ofrece una visión dialéctica del proceso de la enseñanza y aprendizaje. En lugar de las aplicaciones aislantes de una de las concepciones estrechas, el artículo propone la integración de las aportaciones de la teoría de la actividad como una base experimental para la organización de la enseñanza que conduce al desarrollo psychológico en América Latina.
Quando o professor é o estudante: a formação continuada como atividade de estudo
Authors: Panossian Maria Lucia , Witt Claudia Maria , Fabri Gabriel José Cavassin , Oliveira Natalia Mota
Published: June 2021

Este artigo, de natureza teórica, tem como objetivo reconhecer manifestações da atividade de estudo de uma professora em processo de formação continuada na Oficina Pedagógica de Matemática. Um dos enfoques do processo de aprendizagem na psicologia soviética é a concepção de atividade de estudo, investigadas por Elkonin, Davidov e Repkin, que tem como componente essencial a tarefa de estudo e como conteúdo principal a apropriação de modos generalizados de ação, recorrendo a conceitos científicos e promovendo alterações qualitativas no desenvolvimento psíquico. A tarefa de estudo se constitui na unidade entre objetivo da ação e as condições para a sua realização e se apresenta como unidade de análise da atividade de estudo que orienta para a formação do pensamento teórico. Nesta perspectiva, considera-se a importância de ampliar a compreensão sobre a atividade de estudo não só para as crianças, mas também em relação ao professor em formação continuada. O movimento de estudo do professor é influenciado por ações e necessidades derivadas da atividade docente que ele exerce enquanto profissional. Neste sentido, realizou-se o acompanhamento de uma professora durante as ações da Oficina Pedagógica de Matemática (no primeiro semestre de 2020), projeto de extensão universitária que promove a formação continuada de professores. A partir deste estudo, foi possível reconhecer as manifestações de sua atividade de estudo no movimento de apropriação dos conceitos científicos revelados pelas ações e motivos desencadeados pelas tarefas do projeto.
A “terra” como meio de subsistência:
Authors: Jalane Orlando Inacio
Published: June 2021

Esta pesquisa realiza um estudo comparativo entre as Quebradeiras de Coco Babaçu no Norte do estado do Tocantins, na Amazônia Legal e os camponeses do Distrito de Boane em Moçambique, situado no Sul da África. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa que tem como finalidade conhecer os modos de vida e os meios de utilização da terra dessas duas comunidades. Em relação à metodologia utilizou – se a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, assim como, entrevistas e registros fotográficos. Os moradores de ambas as áreas de estudo lutam e resistem para manter vivas suas tradições e modos de vida, frente à reprodução ampliada do capital sobre seus territórios por meio do trabalho coletivo, associações e cooperativas. O que vai de encontro a à visão de Chayanov (1975) ao afirmar que um dos meios de resistência e sobrevivência dos camponeses enquanto classe, é por intervenção do associativismo e cooperativismo.
Logic model evaluation and the analysis of job motivation for pre-paring the performance indicators of government institution: case of Klungkung, Bali
Authors: Prayudi Made Aristia , Dewi Gusti Ayu Ketut Rencana Sari , Masdiantini Putu Riesty
Published: June 2021

When compared to other districts in Bali Province, Klungkung has the lowest performance accountability score. The current study aims to evaluate the technical and psychological aspects of performance indicators development process of the local government. The technical aspect evaluation was done by implementing logic model analysis procedures and adopting a four-quadrant analysis approach. The Â psychological aspect analysis was conducted by examining the motivational factors taken from the perspective of Institutional Theory for determining individual behavior in developing performance indicators in governmental organizations. The results show that there is a discrepancy in the number of performance indicators presented in the planning and performance reporting documents, as well as an absence of logical relationships among them. Psychologically, the quality of Klungkungâ€™s performance indicators development is determined by the perception of the performance indicators matrix difficulty, the perceived usefulness of technical training, the level of top management commitment, the assertiveness enforcement of the regulations, and the existence of social pressure and pressure on professionalism. It can be implied that technical policies need to be formulated by local government organizations. Â
Pengaruh Mckenzie Cervical Exercise terhadap Nyeri Leher Pekerja Home Industry Tahu
Authors: Nurhidayanti Octavia , Hartati Elis , Handayani Prita Adisty
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Occupational health problems in the home industry are found in many work-related diseases and unsafe workplace conditions, one of the diseases arising from work is musculoskeletal complaints. Mckenzie cervical exercise can reduce neck pain however it has not been proven for home industry workers. This study aims to determine the effect of Mckenzie cervical exercise on the scale of neck pain on workers in tofu home industry. Methods: This research design used pre-experimental design with one-group pre-posttest design. The number of samples were 30 respondents with a total sampling technique. The instrument was the Numeric Rating Scale and data were collected using interview techniques. Results: Workers with neck pain in the “tahu” home industry were provided Mckenzie cervical exercise. The statistical test used was the dependent t-test. The results showed that Mckenzie cervical exercise is effective in reducing the scale of neck pain with a p-value of 0.000. Conclusion: The recommendations of this study are for routine workers to perform Mckenzie cervical exercise therapy in each implementation in order to help reduce the scale of neck pain in tofu home industry workers
On Hadamard composition of Gelfond-Leont'ev derivatives of entire and analytic functions in the unit disk
Authors: Mulyava O.M. , Sheremeta M.M.
Published: June 2021

For an entire function and an analytic in the unit disk function the growth of the Hadamard composition of their Gelfond-Leont'ev derivatives is investigated in terms of generalized orders. A relationship between the behaviors of the maximal terms of Hadamard composition of Gelfond-Leont'ev derivatives and of the Gelfond-Leont'ev derivative of Hadamard composition is established.
COVID-19 em crianças, adolescentes e jovens: estudo transversal no Espírito Santo, 2020
Authors: Maciel Ethel Leonor Noia , Gomes Cristiana Costa , Almada Gilton Luiz Almada , Junior Nésio Fernandes de Medeiros , Cardoso Orlei Amaral , Jabor Pablo Medeiros , Reuter Tania Reuter , Andrade Vera Lucia Gomes de , Bastos Whisllay Maciel , Zandonade Eliana
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: Analisar aspectos sociodemográficos e clínicos autorreferidos entre indivíduos de 2 a 22 anos de idade e possíveis associações com infecção por SARS-CoV-2 no Espírito Santo, Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal seriado de base populacional, realizado de maio a junho de 2020. Avaliou-se o percentual de positividade para COVID-19, por teste sorológico, e os fatores associados pelo teste qui-quadrado de Pearson (nível de significância de 5%). Resultados: Entre 1.693 indivíduos de 2 a 22 anos, 6,1% apresentaram teste positivo para COVID-19; destes, 35,5% não apresentaram nenhum sintoma. Identificou-se diferenças entre os soropositivos e soronegativos quanto ao número de sintomas (p-valor=0,001). A tosse foi relatada por 40,4% dos indivíduos soropositivos. Apenas 14,3% procuraram unidades de saúde, sendo 29,8% entre os soropositivos e 13,3% entre os soronegativos (p-valor=0,001). Conclusão: O percentual de indivíduos assintomáticos pode impactar a cadeia de transmissão da COVID-19 nas escolas, e impulsionar surtos da doença no mesmo ambiente escolar.
Esplanade Line 2 metro station in Kolkata, India: planning, design and construction
Authors: Dewanjee Biswanath , Dasgupta Sandeep , Chakraborty Amit Kumar , Ghoshal Amitabha
Published: June 2021

Esplanade metro interchange in Kolkata, India, is at the junction of the existing north–south Line 1 and the nearly completed east–west Line 2. The interchange will also serve as a terminal for Line 3, which is under construction. As the Line 2 tunnels cross below the diaphragm walls of the existing part of the Line 1 station, the new Line 2 station is one of the deepest in the country. Accommodating the peak passenger load of three lines and providing smooth transfers was also a challenge for designers. Building the large, deep structure in deltaic soil was undertaken using top-down construction, with additional sprayed concrete lining tunnels required to remove piled obstructions.
Revisiting the Human–Society–Technology Nexus: Intercultural Communication Studies as a Looking Glass for Scientific Self-Scrutiny in the Digital Human Sciences
Authors: Stier Jonas
Published: June 2021

This chapter starts from three assumptions: (1) that digital technologies (DTs) are products of humans, and reversibly that such technologies have effects on and consequences for humans; (2) that DTs have profound, long-term effects on culture and social interaction; and (3) that research on such effects often disregards inherent social and cultural biases in DTs and discourses on digitalization and innovation. DTs tend to be depicted as “objective” and void of cultural contents and underpinnings. Therefore, and with an emphasis on the usefulness of combining different research methodologies, this chapter sheds light upon a number of discursive blind spots in these domains: technocentrism and normativism, homo- and heterocentrism, ego- and ethnocentrism, and what I call the reversed problem imperative. Drawing upon intercultural communication studies (ICCS), these blind spots are discussed in the light of DTs, scientific theories, and research methodologies. Moreover, the case is made that digital human sciences (DHV) offers a valuable contribution to the scientific understanding of the manifestations and consequences of digitalization. In particular, this chapter argues for the usefulness of “intermethodological,” interdisciplinary, intercultural, and integrative approaches in DHV.
A propósito de la justicia transicional: ¿Resultado del miedo y la criminalidad?
Authors: Palacios Valencia Yennesit
Published: June 2021

La justicia transicional aparece como institución alternativa que demanda unos mínimos necesarios acorde a los estándares internacionales en la materia. Elementos que son indispensable para el tránsito de la guerra a la paz, ante la exigencia de las víctimas de verdad, justicia, reparación y medidas de no repetición. No obstante, en lo que al caso colombiano respecta, se intenta responder a la pregunta ¿Es el proceso de justicia transicional resultado del miedo y la criminalidad? El objetivo a partir de la pregunta anterior es, desarrollar elementos teóricos y epistemológicos en relación a las categorías objeto de estudio (miedo, criminalidad y justicia transicional), esto articulado a un enfoque fenomenológico-hermenéutico que se nutre del método documental, a partir del aporte teórico de estudiosos del derecho, criminólogos, sociólogos, y filósofos, que aparecen en un contexto disciplinar y transversal, atravesando el paradigma de políticas seguritarias en la historicidad del conflicto armado. El resultado de las categorías abordadas permite derivar, entre otras cosas que, en Colombia los factores miedo y criminalidad han influido y seguirán influyendo en la vida política, social y económica del país, ante el desenlace impreciso de la justicia Especial para la Paz. La conclusión final, en este sentido es que, con todo el miedo que pueda derivarse de este proceso, alguna parte tendrá que ceder a partir de lo que la otra exige.
On Responses of Higher Education and Training With(in) Society Through Research, Teaching, and Community Engagement
Authors: van Eeden Elize , Eloff Irma , Dippenaar Hanlie
Published: June 2021

This article presents a trend analysis of the directions, nuances, and theoretical developments in community engagement (CE) practices in higher education and training (HET) environments in South Africa since 1994. It focuses on the nexus of research, teaching and learning, and community engagement. The article identifies specific associations of CE with core HET activities, illustrating how this integrated approach has brought about positive change. The research was conducted in three phases. In Phase I, purposeful sampling was used to identify the published work of leading scholars in South Africa who had engaged with the call for adopting a more transformative and collaborative approach to research such that the very act of academically engaging with(in) community became an educationally visionary act. In Phase II, the scope of the sampling was broadened to include research in multiple disciplines. In the third phase, the sampling was broadened chronologically to include research since the 1990s, and limited to the social sciences in order to conduct a trend analysis that considered historical context and growth directions in CE in the social sciences. The discussion presents an analysis of trends that emanated from research responses to CE by HET.
Shifting Gears: Lessons Learnt From Critical, Collaborative, Self-Reflection on Community-Based Research
Authors: de Sousa Lulza Olim , Hay Emerentia Antoinette , Raath Schalk Petrus , Fransman Aubrey Albertino , Richter Barend Wilhelm
Published: June 2021

This article reflects the learning of five researchers in higher education in South Africa who took part in a participatory action research project to educate teachers how to integrate climate change issues into their teaching and learning. It was the first time any of the researchers had used participatory action research. We are all from natural science backgrounds and now involved in education for sustainable development. We had been trained in more traditional, objective, and researcher-driven methodologies grounded in a positivist paradigm. The purpose of this article is to share our learning about the changes we had to make in our thinking and practices to align with a participatory paradigm. We used reflective diaries to record our journey through the action research cycles. A thematic analysis of our diaries was supplemented by recorded discussions between the researchers. The analysis revealed that, while it was challenging to begin thinking in a different paradigm, we came to appreciate the value of the action research process that enabled teachers to integrate climate change issues into their teaching in a participatory way. We also concluded that we require more development to be able to conduct participatory research in a manner true to its values and principles. The conclusions we came to through our collaborative reflections may be of value to other researchers from similar scientific backgrounds who wish to learn what shifts in paradigm, methods, and processes are needed to be able to conduct community-based research in a participatory way.
Hapaxes as Productivity of Word Variations Based on Classical Texts
Authors: Zaini Muhamad Fadzllah
Published: June 2021

This study aims to examine the productivity of old Malay words that are contained in classic Malay texts. The ability of classical Malay texts was able to be examined through the presence of old Malay word variations based on the appearance of 1.000000 / corpus. In examining this emergence, words that are hapaxes were removed from the corpus-generated results. This study utilized the quantitative research design using the corpus linguistic statistical approach. This study used 7 classical Malay texts entitled Tips for Building a House. This classical text is non-literary and delivers architectural knowledge from feudal Malay scholars. The findings show that almost 54% of word are hapaxes in this classical text discourse. The stimulation of old Malay lexical used by past scholars showed less words reuse.
Chronic gastritis and precancerous diseases of the stomach: Is there a chance of a correct diagnosis?
Authors: Tryapitsyn Aleksandr V. , Malkov Vladimir A. , Gasanov Emil M. , Belyakov Ilya
Published: June 2021

AIM: The purpose of the study is to investigate the occurrence of the main forms of chronic gastritis, metaplastic and dysplastic changes in the gastric mucosa, the degree of their severity, and to assess their potential risk for the development of gastric cancer.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved 2982 patients who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy with a standard biopsy of the gastric mucosa for morphological assessment and bacterioscopy. If autoimmune gastritis was suspected, an additional serological diagnosis was performed. When detecting intestinal metaplasia of the gastric mucosa as well as neoplastic changes according to the histological report, the description of this report was analyzed in order to identify possible equivalents in the macroscopic description of the mucous membrane.

RESULTS: Out of 2982 histological studies of gastric mucosa biopsies, 1273 cases (42.7%) were found to contain H. pylori contamination. In 726 cases (24.3%), intestinal metaplasia. 66 biopsies (2.21%) showed the presence of low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia of the mucosa, 2 biopsies showed indeterminate neoplasia and 4 biopsies showed high-grade neoplasia. In 3 out of the total number of the samples, intravascular gastric adenocarcinoma was detected. In 168 cases (5.6%), gastritis was detected with predominant inflammation of the fundal region characteristic of autoimmune gastritis. In 286 biopsies (10.6%), inflammatory and/or atrophic changes and/or metaplastic changes were preserved, which, as a rule, did not have high activity and pronounced inflammation. In the remaining 1279 cases (42.9%), there was no significant inflammation or atrophic changes. The analysis of endoscopic findings showed that the detectability of intestinal metaplasia of the gastric mucosa without a biopsy study was 13.3%.

DISCUSSION OF THE RESULTS: According to the results of the conducted research and analysis, it can be stated that at present, the correct diagnosis of chronic gastritis with the establishment of the etiological factor, prognosis and risks of stomach cancer development is practically not feasible within the modern health care system. This not only deprives a doctor of the opportunity to make a correct diagnosis and prescribe adequate treatment to a patient, but also makes almost all cascades of carcinogenesis, including early cancer, invisible.
Álvaro Menen Desleal’s Speculative Planetary Imagination
Authors: Fornoff Carolyn
Published: June 2021

Science fiction has long held a marginalized status within the Latin American literary canon. This is due to myriad assumptions: its supposed inferior quality, sensationalist content, and disconnect from socio-historical reality. In this article, I argue for the recuperation of Salvadoran author Álvaro Menen Desleal as a foundational writer of Central American speculative fiction. I explore why Menen Desleal turns to sci-fi - abstracting his fictive worlds to far-off futures or other planets - at a moment when the writing of contemporaries of the Committed Generation was increasingly politicized and realist. I argue that Menen Desleal’s speculative planetary imagination toggles between scaling up localized concerns and evading them altogether to play with “universal” categories. By thinking with the categories of the human or the planet from an ex-centric position, Menen Desleal playfully appropriates generic convention, only to disrupt it from within.
Occlusal forms and philosophies in full mouth rehabilitation: A literature review
Authors: Hazra Ranjoy , Kumar Dinesh , Srivastava Ayush , Khattak Amit , Kalia Deepak
Published: June 2021

Full mouth rehabilitation encompasses the execution of all the steps necessary to produce healthy, esthetic, well functioning, and self – maintaining masticatory mechanism. The aim is to restore the tooth to its natural form, function and esthetics while maintaining the physiologic integrity in harmonious relationship with the adjacent hard and soft tissues, all of which improves the oral health and quality of life of the patient. It is a complex procedure which involves multiple steps and active participation between prosthodontist, patient and technician to achieve a satisfactory treatment outcome. The apprehension and doubt associated with such procedures are usually associated with an array of available techniques and philosophies. Careful and meticulous diagnosis and formulation of treatment plan holds the key. This article reviews the various occlusal forms, schemes and philosophies associated with Full Mouth Rehabilitation in the existing literature.
Activity of the Venetian government of Thessaloniki for the organization of the defense of the city during the Ottoman siege in 1422–1430
Authors:   The Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia Boris Yeltsin, Zhigalova N.E.
Published: June 2021

This article, based on Venetian and Byzantine sources, makes an attempt to consider the measures of the Venetian government of Thessaloniki to organize the defense of the city during its siege by the troops of the Ottoman Sultan Murad II in 1422–1430, and also to evaluate their effectiveness. Thessalonica for many centuries was the most important economic and political center of the region, being the main trading port on the northern coast of the Aegean Sea and in fact the second capital of the Byzantine Empire. In the late Byzantine time, having experienced many political upheavals, the outbreak of the plague epidemic, the capture of the city by the Ottomans in 1387, the city still did not lose its significance by the 15th century. and was perhaps the last bastion of resistance to the Ottomans in Macedonia.It is noted that Thessaloniki was not adequately provided with either weapons or military units capable of effectively resisting the Ottoman army of many thousands attacking the walls of the city. The author concludes that the reason for this was probably the reluctance of the Venetians to enter into open confrontation with the Ottoman Sultan, as well as the sabotage of the activities of the Venetian government by the Greek population of Thessaloniki.
The Joseph Addison’s idea of religious tolerance (based on materials of magazine «The Spectator»)
Authors:   Ivanovo State University, Kuchin Y.S.
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to ideas of toleration of Joseph Addison, a famous English journalist of the early XVIIIth century. The author comes to conclusion that the concept of Addison's religious tolerance is heterogeneous, it consists of two separate programs. With regard to the population of England and the various directions of Protestantism, Addison proclaimed the freedom of conscience. He negatively wrote about the persecution of dissenters, urged the believers in England to be cleansed of fanaticism and superstition. Publicist sincerely believed that the Christian doctrine was too beautiful that apply violence to his truths, that any contradictions can be resolved by peaceful methods based on morality and a reasonable approach. Addison became different when he talked about other non-christian religions. He did not perceive them as religious doctrines; he saw in them only a basis for criticism, philosophical reflections or jokes. Atheism, completely inconsistent with his worldview, Addison openly denied, considering it a stupid and vicious practice. All descriptions of non-Christian cults are united in one thing: the exaltation of Christianity over all other creeds, the recognition of the teachings of Christ as the best source of beauty and inspiration in the World.
Positions of leaders of FRG and France on the way to European unity (1949–1958)
Authors:   Yelets State University I.A. Bunin, Nekrylova O.G.
Published: June 2021

Russian cooperation with the EU countries is currently an important factor in preserving peace on the European continent and affects the entire system of international relations. The need to study the historical experience of European integration is confirmed by the fact that in the conditions of the modern world, European states inevitably become active participants in the integration processes, both global and regional. The article is devoted to the analysis of various foreign policy concepts on European integration in the period 1949–1958. The positions of European leaders, as well as the complex and controversial process of rapprochement between Germany and France in the post-war period, has become a kind of historical prologue that helps today to form a more complete picture of the initial stage of the creation of the EU. The rejection of bloc thinking by «federalists» who tried to overcome the already accomplished division of Europe and supporters of this section by contrasting the West and the East, including the USA, defined strategic concepts in understanding of the integration process by many politicians of that time, including the leaders of Germany and France. The contradictions between them never disappeared completely, but manifested themselves in one form or another at the turning points of European integration.
Sympathy for barin in Russian household tales
Authors:   Belgorod National Research University, Schapovalov V.A.
Published: June 2021

The article reveals the degree and character of the positive barin`s image in Russian vernacular tales. It is usually argued that a landlord as pictured in the vernacular tales is an antagonist of a peasant combining greed, stupidity, idleness and rigidity. One can hardly question this argument knowing the dominant behavior stereotypes of Russian landlords, for most of whom the peasants were basically animated objects. However, the social relations in the Russian village were more complex and multilayered, and it is also reflected in folklore, including vernacular tales. The landed gentry had different incomes, while their education, worldview and religiosity also varied. Therefore, barins` attitude towards their serfs differed as well: from inhuman cruelty to «paternal» virtue determined by the awareness that their prosperity depended on the well-being and loyalty of their serfs. Although rarely, there were also some barins who were sincere benefactors of their serfs. One can reveal this variety of attitudes in the vernacular tales. The positive moral characteristics of the gentry might be intertwined with the abovementioned negative ones. This highlights the complexity of perception of barin`s power by peasants. Thus, the vernacular tales is an important historical source to study the barin-muzhik relations in the Russian village, especially its socio-psychological aspect.
The phenomenon of identity crisis of American political science in its discourse and historiography
Authors:   Sankt Petersburg State University, Koryushkin A.I.
Published: June 2021

The paper’s analysis is aimed at the phenomenon of identity crisis in contemporary political science being revealed by the author at the different stages of historical development of American political science, in its discourse and historiography. Interpretation of the history of political science as a search for its identity suggested here makes it possible to trace historical metamorphoses of politico-scientific identity crisis through the prism of the notions of scientific soundness and political relevance of the science of politics. Incomplete or inadequate embodiment of such necessary requirements of political science repeatedly caused the identity crises of American political science in the course of its historical development. Historical analysis of ontological-epistemological, methodological and politico-institutional factors of emergence of the identity crises in American political science presented here might be significant for comprehending problems and crisis phenomena in contemporary political science as a whole.
Impact of hyperuricemia on long-term clinical outcomes of renal transplant recipients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Hui , Chen Qing , Huang Aiwen , Yu Xiaojia , Chen Gang , Hu Xiaopeng , Wang Wei , Liu Hang , Zhang Xiaodong , Liu Lihong
Published: June 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of hyperuricemia on clinical outcomes of renal transplant recipients (RTRs). Methods: A literature search of PubMed, Cochrane, Embase was conducted up to March 20, 2020. The primary outcome was the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The second outcomes were the risk of graft loss, death, cardiovascular event and the level of triglyceride. The following search terms were utilized: ((Hyperuricemic group) OR (Hyperuricaemia) OR (Hyperuric) OR (Urea acid) OR (Uric acid) OR (Acid urate) OR (Urate) OR (Gout)) and ((Transplantation) OR (Transplantations) OR (Transplant) OR (Transplants) OR (Graft)). Results: 28 studies with 18224 patients were eligible for inclusion. There was no significant difference in eGFR (<12 months, p=0.07), the risk of graft loss (<60 months, p=0.07) and death (<60months, p=0.19) between the hyperuricemic and normouricemic group in the early post-transplantation period. But increased uric acid levels contributed to the long-term decline of eGFR, the risk of graft loss and death increased after transplantation. Hyperuricemia increased the risk of cardiovascular event with no significant difference in the level of triglyceride between the two groups. Conclusions: Increased uric acid levels contributed to the long-term decline of eGFR, increased risk of graft loss and death after transplantation. Although there was no significant effect on triglyceride, hyperuricemia increased the risk of cardiovascular event.
Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis in Ruminants Aborted Fetuses in Northern Iran Using Molecular and Bioassay Techniques
Authors: Azimi Kaveh , Amouei Afsaneh , Sharif Mehdi , Sarvi Shahabeddin , Shams Nemat , Mizani Azadeh , Hosseini Seyed Abdollah , Salehi Saeid , SafariKharyeki Mohhamad Reza , Chegeni Tooran Nayeri , Hosseininejad Zahra , Daryani Ahmad
Published: June 2021

Background: Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic obligatory intracellular protozoan parasite that infects a wide range of warm-blooded species. This study aimed to obtain further information on the role of T. gondii infection in ruminant abortion (sheep, goats and cattle) using bioassay and PCR methods in Mazandaran province, northern Iran.
Methods: Overall, 104 aborted fetuses (52 bovine, 48 ovine, 4 caprine) were collected at different stages of gestation during the lambing seasons in various parts of Mazandaran Province from Mar 2016 to May 2017. Brains of 104 aborted fetuses were bioassayed in female BALB/c mice. DNA was extracted from all brain samples using phenol-chloroformisoamyl Alcohol instructions. RE gene was used for detection all of T. gondii DNA by conventional PCR assay.
Results: The results of the bioassayed samples were negative because no tachyzoites or cyst were observed in the peritoneal and brain specimens of the mice. The detection of T. gondii DNA was confirmed by observation of a 529 bp band in 15 out of 104 fetuses (14.4%). The highest prevalence rate of T. gondii detected from sheep (16.6%) followed by cattle (13.4%) and goats (0%). The highest prevalence of the infection was observed in east area, while the lowest prevalence of the infection was observed in west area.
Conclusion: T. gondii infection may partly be responsible for abortion and economic losses in livestock husbandry in this region. Therefore, further additional researches such as genotyping T. gondii and designing control strategies for improving management in livestock flocks are necessary.