bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Saúde Mental de Estudantes de Escolas Médicas com Diferentes Modelos de Ensino
Authors: Tenório Leila Pereira ,   Universidade Federal de Sergipe,  Brasil, Argolo Vanessa Araújo , Sá Helena Pinho de , Melo Enaldo Vieira de , Costa Edméa Fontes de Oliva
Published: February 2017

RESUMO Objetivos Avaliar a saúde mental dos estudantes, estratégias defensivas, fontes de estresse e alívio associadas a diferentes processos educacionais. Método Estudo qualitativo e transversal realizado em fevereiro de 2014 por meio de grupos focais e questionário semiestruturado com 78 estudantes do terceiro semestre de duas escolas médicas numa mesma universidade pública: uma com 53 anos, na capital, com modelo de ensino tradicional, e a outra com três anos, no interior,com modelo de Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas (ABP). Foi realizada análise descritiva dos dados sociodemográficos, psicoemocionais e processo educacional do questionário e análise de conteúdo temática, além de interpretação psicodinâmica dos dados dos grupos focais. Resultados Responderam ao questionário 38 alunos da escola tradicionale 40 daABP, sendo a maioria do sexo masculino (52,6%), com idade 22+2 anos e solteiros (85%). Dois grupos focais com oito alunos de cada escola revelaram motivações, fontes de estresse e de alívio semelhantes entre os alunos, porém sofrimento psíquico menor nos alunos da ABP, que também referiram maior aproximação de seus professores e pactuação das tarefas. Conclusão O processo educacional foi associado a sofrimento psíquico por alunos de ambos os grupos.
Suicídio entre Médicos e Estudantes de Medicina: Revisão de Literatura
Authors: Santa Nathália Della ,   Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brasil, Cantilino Amaury
Published: February 2017

RESUMO Objetivos O presente estudo tem como objetivo construir uma revisão integrativa de literatura sobre o suicídio em médicos e estudantes de Medicina com base em uma análise de artigos científicos sobre o tema. Métodos Foi realizada uma pesquisa nos bancos de dados PubMed, Lilacs e SciELO com os descritores “suicide”, “physicians”, “doctors” e “students” entre os anos de 2000 e 2014 em língua inglesa, alemã, portuguesa e espanhola. Resultados Os resultados indicaram que as taxas de suicídio nessa população são maiores do que as da população geral e de outros grupos acadêmicos. As principais causas apontadas nos estudos foram maior incidência de transtornos psiquiátricos, como depressão e abuso de substâncias, e sofrimento psíquico relacionados a vivências específicas da profissão, como grande carga de trabalho, privação do sono, dificuldade com pacientes, ambientes insalubres, preocupações financeiras e sobrecarga de informações. Conclusões A prevenção do suicídio é possível, porém o problema não tem recebido a atenção necessária. É preciso que haja outros estudos sobre o tema a fim de formular intervenções e políticas de prevenção e tratamento específico para essa população.
Trancamentos de Matrícula no Curso de Medicina da UFMG: Sintomas de Sofrimento Psíquico
Authors: Ribeiro Maria das Graças Santos ,   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais,  Brasil, Cunha Cristiane de Freitas , Alvim Cristina Gonçalves
Published: February 2017

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o sofrimento psíquico apresentado nas justificativas dos trancamentos semestrais de matrícula informados pelos estudantes de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais e identificar fatores e contextos associados. Estudo retrospectivo e transversal, qualitativo e quantitativo, dos 141 requerimentos de trancamentos ocorridos entre julho de 2007 e julho de 2013, solicitados por 97 estudantes do primeiro ao 12º período do curso. Verificou-se predominância de requerimentos no ciclo básico (55,3%) e como motivação prevalente (59,6%) o sofrimento psíquico. Os trancamentos podem se revelar como sintomas do sofrimento psíquico dos estudantes, associados a fatores como adoecimento psíquico, reprovações, dúvida na escolha do curso, desentendimentos familiares e uso considerado abusivo de drogas. As motivações apresentadas nos pedidos de trancamentos alertam para a necessidade e importância de investimento institucional nos serviços de cuidado e atenção ao aluno de Medicina.
O “Bê-Á-Bá” da Aprendizagem Baseada em Equipe
Authors: Krug Rodrigo de Rosso ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brasil, Vieira Maria Salete Medeiros , Maciel Marcus Vinicius de Andrade e , Erdmann Thomas Rolf , Vieira Fábio Cavalcanti de Faria , Koch Milene Caroline , Grosseman Suely
Published: February 2017

RESUMO A Aprendizagem Baseada em Equipe (ABE) é uma estratégia educacional que tem sido empregada na educação de profissionais de saúde para o desenvolvimento de competências fundamentais, como a responsabilização do aluno pela aquisição do próprio conhecimento, a tomada de decisão e o trabalho colaborativo e efetivo em equipe. Levando em consideração que, no Brasil, poucos artigos nacionais explicam como realizar esta estratégia educacional, o objetivo deste artigo foi descrever os conceitos, os princípios, o planejamento e o processo detalhado para aplicação da ABE.
Perfil do Conhecimento de Estudantes de uma Universidade Particular de Curitiba em relação ao HPV e Sua Prevenção
Authors: Okamoto Cristina Terumi ,   Universidade Positivo, Brasil, Faria Alice Aparecida Burle , Sater Ana Carolina , Dissenha Bianca Viesa , Stasievski Bruna Scolaro
Published: February 2017

RESUMO O HPV é a doença sexualmente transmissível mais frequente no mundo e entre jovens e sexualmente ativos, sendo que 50% dos casos novos ocorrem nos primeiros três anos após o início da atividade sexual. A infecção por este vírus é a principal alteração necessária à ocorrência do câncer do colo do útero. Este trabalho visa avaliar o nível de conhecimento de acadêmicos de uma universidade particular de Curitiba, dos cursos de Enfermagem, Odontologia e Medicina, sobre o HPV. É um estudo transversal observacional descritivo com coleta prospectiva, por meio da aplicação de 527 questionários a estudantes da Universidade Positivo de Curitiba de junho a agosto de 2014. Pertenciam ao sexo masculino 29,5% (N = 155) dos alunos e ao sexo feminino 70,4% (N = 369), com média de idade de 21,85 anos (DP = 4,38). A quantidade de acertos foi maior no curso de Medicina em quase todas as questões sobre conhecimento. Quanto à prevenção do HPV, a maior parte dos estudantes conhecia os meios de transmissão do HPV, sendo que 56,6% (N = 272) citaram corretamente mais de um método preventivo e 41,3% (N = 212) afirmaram que a vacina é o método mais eficaz de prevenção. Sobre o conhecimento das situações que aumentam o risco de transmissão, mais estudantes consideraram que múltiplos parceiros representam maior risco que o não uso de preservativo. Apesar de 86,4% (N = 434) afirmarem já ter ouvido falar do HPV, 76,8% (N = 398) afirmaram que o HPV pode apresentar sintomas, e somente 13% (N = 69) conheciam os efeitos a longo prazo. Do total de estudantes sexualmente ativos, 75,57% (N = 396) usam algum método contraceptivo, sendo o anticoncepcional oral o mais utilizado, com 61% (N = 137), seguido do preservativo masculino, com 33% (N = 73). Das alunas sexualmente ativas com parceiro fixo, 63% (N = 193) realizam visitas anuais ao ginecologista e, destas, 14% (N = 44) nunca fizeram o preventivo. Os estudantes estiveram acima da média esperada na maioria das questões.
A Evolução do Interesse do Estudante de Medicina a respeito da Atenção Primária no Decorrer da Graduação
Authors: Campedelli-Lopes Andréa Maria , Bicudo Angélica Maria , Antônio Maria Ângela R. de Góes M.
Published: February 2017

RESUMO As Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para o Curso de Medicina de 2001 evidenciaram a necessidade de mudanças na educação médica para a formação desses profissionais. As novas Diretrizes de 2014 vieram reforçar as mudanças para maior integração ensino-serviço. A Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp) promoveu uma mudança, inserindo o estudante em atividades de Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) desde o primeiro ano, incluindo no quarto ano a disciplina Atenção Integral à Saúde, na qual se vivencia a realidade da assistência em Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) durante o ano letivo. Objetivo Avaliar o interesse do estudante em atuar como médico na APS. Método Questionário estruturado enviado ao terceiro, quarto, quinto e sexto anos de Medicina no ano de 2012, antes, durante e após a disciplina. A disciplina Atenção Integral à Saúde foi criada e implementada durante a reforma curricular com a intenção de que os estudantes tivessem uma imersão na APS com responsabilidade e vínculo médico-paciente, atendendo às DCN e formando médicos para as necessidades da população. As outras disciplinas de inserção ensino-serviço que já existiam no internato tiveram adaptações durante a reforma sem transformações. Resultados Observa-se uma mudança no interesse em trabalhar na APS, que passou de 20,9% no terceiro ano de Medicina, dado confirmado por estudos anteriores, para 47% no sexto ano. Foram comparadas e analisadas estatisticamente respostas das turmas vinculadas ao estudo, mostrando que a inserção mais cedo na rede pública com integração ensino-serviço foi efetiva quanto à mudança de intenção de atuar como profissional médico na APS. O cuidado com o ensino nos estágios nas UBS com professores e preceptores, mostrando qualidade e resolutividade no atendimento, pode ter auxiliado nesta mudança nas intenções de atuar futuramente como profissionais na rede municipal de Saúde.
A Concepção de Estudantes de Fisioterapia que Participam do Ensino Baseado em Problemas sobre o Processo Saúde-Doença
Authors: Hermes Fabiola Chesani ,   Universidade do Vale do Itajai,  Brasil, Cutolo Luiz Roberto Agea , Maestrelli Sylvia Regina Pedrosa
Published: February 2017

RESUMO O objetivo deste ensaio foi investigar a concepção dos docentes e discentes fisioterapeutas que participam do Ensino Baseado em Problemas (PBL) sobre o processo saúde-doença. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza qualitativa, por meio do estudo de caso numa escola de ensino superior de Fisioterapia em Portugal. A técnica de coleta de dados foi o questionário. Os dados coletados foram analisados pela Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados mostraram as categorias saúde como ausência de doença, saúde como bem-estar, saúde relacionada aos determinantes sociais e a percepção do sujeito. É possível no PBL uma prática pedagógica em prol de uma formação mais humana e crítica, desde que seja vivenciado enquanto método ativo de ensino nos moldes apontados na literatura.
O Paciente e a Vivência da Visita Médica à Beira do Leito
Authors: Silva Juliana Lucchesi Carneiro Leão ,   Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira,  Brasil, Silva Thálita Cavalcanti Menezes da , Alencar Luiz Cláudio Arraes de
Published: February 2017

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar os significados atribuídos pelos pacientes à vivência das visitas médicas realizadas em grupo à beira do leito na enfermaria de Clínica Médica. Método Utilizou-se o método qualitativo, por meio da técnica de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Foram entrevistados 11 pacientes, internados em um hospital-escola localizado no Recife. As entrevistas foram submetidas à técnica de análise de conteúdo, e as categorias analíticas foram embasadas na psicologia da saúde, com enfoque biopsicossocial. Resultados e discussão Os entrevistados perceberam a visita como algo bom, que auxilia na aprendizagem dos estudantes, porém alguns a consideraram algo negativo e desconhecido. Os participantes interpretaram a visita como um espaço dos médicos, do qual eles não devem participar, sendo a comunicação centrada nos médicos e estudantes. Essa postura pode desfavorecer a construção do vínculo médico-paciente e contribuir para um sentimento de passividade dos pacientes. Conclusão Embora a maioria dos pacientes tenha avaliado a visita médica de forma positiva, como a comunicação está centrada nos médicos-estudantes, limita-se a participação do paciente durante a visita médica.
Validação de Instrumento de Avaliação de Disciplinas de Escola Médica no Brasil
Authors: Salerno Margareth Rodrigues ,   Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, Lopes Maria Helena Itaqui , Mattiello Rita , Icaza Edgar Sarria , Antonello Ivan Carlos ,   Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Brasil,   Faculdade de Medicina de Santa Cruz do Sul, Brasil
Published: February 2017

RESUMO Objetivo O estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o desempenho do questionário de avaliação das disciplinas da Faculdade de Medicina da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS Famed) em relação às propriedades psicométricas de validade e confiabilidade. Métodos Estudo transversal, exploratório e contemporâneo, com avaliação qualitativa e quantitativa. As disciplinas foram avaliadas pelos alunos de forma anônima, opcional e individual durante um período de aula de grande grupo logo após a conclusão das mesmas. Foram incluídos os questionários respondidos por acadêmicos matriculados entre o primeiro e o oitavo semestre e registrados nas atas finais da unidade, nas 22 disciplinas do currículo, no ano de 2011, que aceitaram realizar a avaliação da disciplina. Resultados Foram estudadas 1.205 respostas de um total possível de 1.606 alunos matriculados. A validação convergente demonstrou forte correlação entre o escore total de satisfação e os campos quantitativos correspondentes. A confiabilidade demonstrou um valor de alfa de Cronbach de 0,753 no escore total. Conclusão O estudo mostrou que o questionário de avaliação de disciplinas é válido e confiável.
E-Learning and Simulation on a Pré-Hospital Emergency Course: A Participant’s Perspective
Authors: Melo Maria do Carmo Barros de ,   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil, Silva Nara Lucia de Carvalho , Liu Priscila Menezes Ferri , Cerqueira Filho Levi Costa , Gresta Monalisa Maria , Santos Alaneir de Fátima dos , Gazzinelli Barbara Fonseca , Ferreira Alexandre Rodrigues , Alves Humberto José
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT The use of simulation and e-learning has increased considerably in healthcare related educational activities, enabling the acquisition of skills ethically and safely. The objective is to describe the design and evaluation of a semi-distance pre-hospital emergency course for physicians and nurses at the Public Health Department of Belo Horizonte City, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The course comprised 13 online lessons and ten stations, which used simulated scenarios. The participants answered a semi-structured questionnaire using the Likert scale to evaluate the course. Course participation included 203 (63.6%) physicians and 116 (36.4%) nurses; most physicians (72.1%) had finished their studies over five years prior to the study, and had little practice (72.9%) on advanced life support measures. The distance course was well evaluated in terms of general quality, video quality, use of images and animations and usability. The e-learning system was considered to be user friendly by doctors and nurses, and the practical activities were well rated. The course used methodology based on simulation and distance education, and received positive evaluations. The system was rated as good and easy to use.
Formação e Qualificação de Profissionais de Saúde: Fatores Associados à Qualidade da Atenção Primária
Authors: Oliveira Mariana Policena Rosa de ,   Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Goiânia,  Brasil, Menezes Ida Helena Carvalho Francescantonio , Sousa Lucilene Maria de , Peixoto Maria do Rosário Gondim ,   Universidade Federal de Goiás,  Brasil
Published: February 2017

RESUMO As mudanças nos setores da educação e da saúde no século XX influenciaram as concepções e práticas dos profissionais de saúde, em especial na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Esta pesquisa analisou o perfil de formação e qualificação dos profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) e os fatores associados com a qualidade dos serviços de APS da região noroeste de Goiânia. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado por entrevista, incluindo a aplicação do Instrumento de Avaliação da Atenção Primária (PCATool). Participaram do estudo 92 profissionais (48 médicos e 44 enfermeiros) das equipes da ESF. Os dados foram analisados por meio dos testes U de Man-Whitney, Qui-Quadrado, Fischer e Regressão de Poisson. Os resultados apontaram diferenças significativas (p < 0,05) entre o perfil de formação e qualificação de médicos e enfermeiros. A avaliação dos atributos da APS resultou em alto escore geral de APS (6,7). Conclui-se que a qualidade dos serviços de atenção primária possui associação com o maior tempo de trabalho de médicos na mesma equipe e com a percepção de capacitação dos profissionais de saúde da região noroeste de Goiânia.
Habilidades do desenvolvimento de crianças prematuras de baixo peso e muito baixo peso
Authors: Ribeiro Camila da Costa ,   Universidade de São Paulo,  Brasil, Pachelli Mariane Regina de Oliveira , Amaral Natalie Camillo de Oliveira , Lamônica Dionísia Aparecida Cusin ,   Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais de Agudos,  Brasil,   Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais,  Brasil,   Unimed Bauru,  Brasil,   Fundação para o Desenvolvimento Médico Hospitalar,  Brasil
Published: February 2017

RESUMO Objetivo Comparar o desempenho de crianças nascidas prematuras de baixo peso (BP) e muito baixo peso (MBP) com crianças nascidas a termo na faixa etária de um a três anos, quanto ao desenvolvimento infantil, nos domínios motor grosso; motor fino adaptativo; pessoal-social; e linguagem. Método Estudo de coorte transversal. A amostra foi constituída por 150 crianças nascidas prematuras (grupo experimental) e a termo (grupo comparativo), divididas em oito grupos, quanto ao peso (baixo peso: abaixo de 2500 gramas e muito baixo peso: abaixo de 1500 gramas) e faixa etária (de 12 a 24 e de 25 a 36 meses). Os grupos comparativos foram pareados aos experimentais quanto ao gênero, idade cronológica e nível socioeconômico. A avaliação constou da aplicação do protocolo de anamnese, classificação socioeconômica e do Teste de Screening de Desenvolvimento Denver-II (TSDD-II). Foi realizado o cálculo da idade corrigida para as crianças prematuras de idade até 24 meses. Utilizou-se análise estatística descritiva e o Teste “t” Student. Resultados Na comparação entre os grupos de prematuros e nascidos a termo, houve diferença estatisticamente significante para todos os domínios avaliados. Conclusão O desempenho de crianças nascidas prematuras foi inferior quando comparado ao desempenho de crianças nascidas a termo, nos domínios motor grosso, motor fino adaptativo, pessoal-social e linguagem. Neste estudo, os grupos de prematuros obtiveram desempenho distintos, ou seja, no mesmo grupo existiram desempenhos normativo, na média e abaixo.
Variabilidade espacial do risco de contaminação de águas subterrâneas por tebuthiuron em área de cana-de-açúcar
Authors: Moraes Diego Augusto de Campos , Spadotto Claudio Aparecido , Sartori Anderson Antônio da Conceição , Zimback Célia Regina Lopes
Published: February 2017

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o risco de contaminação da água subterrânea por tebuthiuron, por meio da modelagem espacial, em área de cultivo de cana-de-açúcar, no Município de São Manuel, no Estado de São Paulo. Utilizou-se o modelo Araquá, para gerar estimativas pontuais da concentração, tendo-se considerado simulações no tocante às profundidades de 100 e 200 cm do lençol freático e lâminas de irrigação de 0 e 2.500 mm. Como as estimativas de concentração de tebuthiuron não apresentaram dependência espacial, os mapas temáticos de risco de contaminação de águas subterrâneas foram obtidos pelo método de interpolação pelo inverso da distância. Ao se considerar todas as simulações, conclui-se que não haveria contaminação da água subterrânea por tebuthiuron, nas duas profundidades do lençol freático, com ou sem irrigação. A interpolação das estimativas das concentrações de tebuthiuron na água subterrânea proporciona a espacialização e a rápida visualização das áreas de maior risco de contaminação.
Meanings and vulnerability to HIV/AIDS among long-distance truck drivers in Brazil
Authors: Magno Laio , Castellanos Marcelo Eduardo Pfeiffer
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To understand the meanings assigned by long-distance truck drivers to HIV/AIDS and its transmission and prevention, bearing in mind different contexts of vulnerability. METHODS Qualitative research with 22 truck drivers. Semi-structured interviews and participant observation were conducted in highways of the state of Bahia in 2013. We selected male truck drivers, with one year or more of work experience in long-distance routes. We carried out the thematic analysis of the interviews, to identify different contexts of vulnerability. RESULTS The results showed that the insertion of truck drivers in contexts of high social vulnerability (poor working conditions, violence on the roads, and use of alcohol and other drugs) along with the advances in access and effectiveness of treatment for AIDS promote a reduced perception of the risk and severity of this disease. In addition, the notion of “risk group” and the symbolic division between “home space” (protected) and “street space” (unprotected) intensified a restricted and specific use of condoms, guided by the opposition between “woman of the street” (unknown women, prostitutes, among others) and “woman of the house” (wives, girlfriends). CONCLUSIONS The meanings assigned by truckers to AIDS incorporated elements of recent transformations of the expanded social context, such as the development of health technologies (especially anti-retroviral drugs) and the guarantee of free access to treatment in the Brazilian public health system; but also incorporated old elements of social vulnerability context – such as the poor working conditions on Brazilian highways.
Optimising the design of a limited-stop bus service for a branching network
Authors: Zhang Hu , Zhao Shuzhi , Liu Huasheng , Liang Shidong
Published: February 2017

This paper presents an optimisation model for designing limited-stop lines for a branching bus network composed of several feeder lines and a trunk line. On the basis of the different demand patterns in the feeder lines and the trunk line, passenger assignment in the bus route is considered. The optimisation model is used to calculate the total cost of a transit system in which limited-stop services are implemented on bus routes. The total cost includes the cost of passenger waiting time and in-vehicle time, as well as the operator cost for each bus route. With better service planning of limited-stop lines, based on the demand behaviour in high-demand corridors, the total cost can be reduced (compared with the normal service costs of stopping all buses at all stops). A genetic algorithm is adopted to ascertain the optimal model. This algorithm can determine continuous and discrete optimisation variables: the optimal bus frequencies and the best pattern of limited-stop use for each bus route. Finally, a numerical example is optimised. The results show that a limited-stop service for branching corridors can reduce the total cost of the transit system.
Barriers to building information modelling in the Chinese construction industry
Authors: Li Hongyang , Thomas Ng Shiu Tong , Skitmore Martin , Zhang Xiaoling , Jin Zhigang
Published: February 2017

The Chinese construction industry is one of the biggest and most important in the world but is infamous for its relatively low efficiency and profitability. Building information modelling (BIM) has been introduced to improve the industry's efficiency, with strong commitment by the government and mandatory adoption in some localities. However, take up in China is very slow, and the reasons for this have received little systematic study to date. This paper describes a survey of 136 owners, designers and contractors aimed at systematically and comprehensively analysing the barriers involved by examining and comparing the perceptions of these three stakeholder groups. The results indicate that owners have limited understanding of BIM except for its three-dimensional visualisation and clash-detection capabilities; designers are predominantly concerned with the uncertain amount of return of investment in the technology; and contractors are worried about having to change their mode of operation. The conflicting perceptions of BIM implementation barriers between the three groups are identified, along with key issues such as the need for qualified BIM professionals capable of operating the software and managing construction as well as coordinating the team members.
Estudo Transversal dos Casos de Pancreatite Aguda Necropsiados no Instituto Médico Legal de Belo Horizonte, 2006–201
Authors: Leonardo Santos Bordoni  , Antônio Gilson Prates Júnior  , Joyce Carvalho Martins  , Polyanna Helena Coelho Bordoni
Published: February 2017

A pancreatite aguda é caracterizada pela inflamação do pâncreas, em que as lesões variam de edema intersticial a necrose do parênquima com hemorragia grave. A mortalidade é alta quando associada à falência multissistêmica. A pancreatite aguda pode ser causa de morte súbita e seu diagnóstico, em especial a forma necrotizante, é feito somente após a necropsia em até metade dos casos. Objetivos: Avaliar, retrospectivamente, as características epidemiológicas e patológicas das mortes por pancreatite aguda examinadas no Instituto Médico-Legal de Belo Horizonte (IML-BH). Materiais e métodos: Análise retrospectiva dos laudos de necropsia do IML-BH cuja causa da morte foi pancreatite aguda realizados no período de 2006 a 2012. Resultados: Houve predominância de homens e a maioria dos casos foi de pancreatite aguda hemorrágica, com o etilismo sendo a etiologia predominante. A média etária foi de 43 anos, com metade dos casos entre 40 e 60 anos. A maioria dos necropsiados foi encontrada morta no próprio domicílio. Houve relação estatística entre a faixa etária de 40 e 60 anos e a ocorrência de hematoma retroperitoneal. Complicações sistêmicas incluíram edema pulmonar e cerebral, derrame pleural e pneumonia. Conclusão: Apesar do principal papel da necropsia forense ser a investigação das causas externas de morte, este estudo confirma que há situações nas quais a Medicina Legal apresenta papel importante, em especial nas localidades que não dispõem de serviços de verificação de óbito, na avaliação de potencias causas de morte súbita, como a pancreatite aguda hemorrágica.
Book-Smart, Not Street-Smart: Blockchain-Based Smart Contracts and The Social Workings of Law
Authors: Levy Karen E. C.
Published: February 2017

This paper critiques blockchain-based “smart contracts,” which aim to automatically and securely execute obligations without reliance on a centralized enforcement authority. Though smart contracts do have some features that might serve the goals of social justice and fairness, I suggest that they are based on a thin conception of what law does, and how it does it. Smart contracts focus on the technical form of contract to the exclusion of the social contexts within which contracts operate, and the complex ways in which people use them. In the real world, contractual obligations are enforced through all kinds of social mechanisms other than formal adjudication—and contracts serve many functions that are not explicitly legal in nature, or even designed to be formally enforced. I describe three categories of contracting practices in which people engage (the inclusion of facially unenforceable terms, the inclusion of purposefully underspecified terms, and willful nonenforcement of enforceable terms) to illustrate how contracts actually “work.” The technology of smart contracts neglects the fact that people use contracts as social resources to manage their relations. The inflexibility that they introduce, by design, might short-circuit a number of social uses to which law is routinely put. Therefore, I suggest that attention to the social and relational contexts of contracting are essential considerations for the discussion, development, and deployment of smart contracts.
Crafting a Career in STS: Meaning Making, Assessment, and Interdisciplinary Engagement
Authors: Müller Ruth
Published: February 2017

Drawing on her own biography, Ruth Müller opens her contribution by reminding us of the strong interdisciplinary roots and entanglements of STS as a field, as well as of its emancipatory political agenda. This rich history creates multiple valences for defining the worth of work in our field, ranging from scholarly excellence over successful interdisciplinary collaborative engagement to assembling matters of care and concern. Building on this, she analyzes how current indicatorized career dynamics render it increasingly difficult to derive a sense of meaning from one’s own work that builds on a successful integration of these multiple valences. She calls for developing “standards of our own,” that is, ways of defining quality and processes of accountability that do better justice to the multiple valences of our field.
Surplus and Indicator
Authors: Vann Katie
Published: February 2017

This essay offers a perspective on journal impact factor (JIF) centrism in academic evaluation from the vantage point of academic publishing in an increasingly data-driven scholarly environment.  The political implications and orientations to the JIF are thought through with respect both to commercial publishing industry consolidation and to the reliance of public-sector scholarly communities on (oligopolistic) commercial academic publishing houses.  The author proposes that centrism to the JIF as a legitimizing indicator and incentivizing norm leads to two diametrically opposed forms of “surplus”: for academic communities, surplus emerges in the form of layers of scholarly knowledge effects/impact and labor, which, because they remain foreclosed to formal professional recognition, are inadvertently reconstructed as dispensable (waste); for private sector publishing companies––whose contribution to the publishing process consists foremost in providing scalable content management/distribution platforms and in transforming unique manuscript content into standardized digital objects that are amenable to indexing, aggregation, and comparative calculation––surplus emerges in the form of monetary surplus (profit).  The essay describes the inner workings of these phenomena.
Like Cream: Valuing the Invaluable
Authors: McHardy Julien
Published: February 2017

Julien McHardy draws on his work with the alternative publishing collective Mattering Press to explore the importance of opening up and maintaining “bewildering spaces within” the increasingly normative and clear-cut regimes of evaluation. Drawing on a range of examples from alternative publishing, the artwork “The Right to be Lazy” and concepts of care, love, qualculation and laziness, McHardy argues that opening up space for otherness within are crucial to good academic work. At the same time, he also warns us that caring for difference is a struggle that includes making radical cuts and disconnections, and in practice often may build on precarious and invisible work. This leads him to asks what academic institutions would look like that could value and cultivate that which they cannot evaluate.
After Big Data Failed: The Enduring Allure of Numbers in the Wake of the 2016 US Election
Authors: Loukissas Yanni , Pollock Anne
Published: February 2017

When widespread polling failed to accurately predict the 2016 US presidential election, producers and consumers of data didn’t abandon faith in numbers. Instead, they have reconfigured their relationships with big data. Producers are formulating redemption narratives, blaming specific datasets or poor interpretation, and the broader reception looks similar. Seeking an explanation for Trump’s unexpected victory, news audiences are calling out failed pre-election polling numbers, while at the same time embracing empirically dubious exit polls. This Critical Engagement piece argues that Science and Technology Studies scholarship has prepared us to see that polling errors would not undo the prestige and power of quantitative methods, but rather reveal the intensity of our attachment to data as a readily available arbiter. We show that data’s ambivalent qualities make it a durable ground for claims-making, with the capacity to be mobilized to do different kinds of work: blame, exoneration, and broader sense-making.
Implicated in the Indicator Game: A Response to the Debate
Authors: McNeil Maureen
Published: February 2017

Professor Maureen McNeil reflects on the essays comprising the ESTS Thematic Collection, "Implicated in the Indicator Game? An Experimental Debate."
Rapid Yeast Transformation v1
Authors: von der Haar Tobias
Published: February 2017

This protocol is our lab's version of the standard lithium acetate-based transformation protocol originally developed by the Gietz lab (see eg Gietz and Schiestl 2007).
Features governance of the company from board of directors
Authors: Lutsenko S. I.
Published: February 2017

This paper considers the features of corporate management on the part of board of directors. This paper includes consideration of efficiency of decision-making, the resolution of conflicts be-tween shareholders, realizations of investment in the company. In the presented work are considered mutual relations between board of directors and shareholders, from the point of view of accepting of effective decisions. The author analyzes one of tools of motivation for board of directors, namely stock options as incentives for company executives which effective decisions help to make. Realiza-tion of stock options in the Russian legal realities at times is an inconvenient task. Besides, principal causes of infringement are considered from controlling shareholder: imperfection of the national corporate legislation, an inefficiency of governance from board of directors. The author notices that the company management is capable using the management powers, effectively to manage the com-pany, in due time to inform shareholders on forthcoming strategic business decisions. Thereby, al-lowing diligent to expect shareholders injurious moods from, first of all, majority shareholders and to permit corporate conflicts. The permission agency problem is reached by means of optimization of structure of the capital of the company. Thereby, the permission of an agency problem (at least its mitigation), will allow board of directors to make more effective decisions and also to promote in-vestment realization in the company. Eventually investors build the policy with the company on fi-duciary bases, giving a priority of that which copes strong management.
Technological control of business in high-tech holding’s activities
Authors: Zotov V. M.
Published: February 2017

The innovation activities of national enterprises working in high technological fields need constant improvement. Newmethods and instruments appear in development, approval and implementation of decisions related tointellectualpropertymanagement. They are able to enrich the existing ideas of how to manage the economics of knowledge.The article analyzes the method of technological control of business based on centralization of administration of the intellectual property objects in high-tech holdings. It contains the scheme of intellectual property management and describes the potential advantages of its ownership in three possible variants: by holding only, by holding and its subsidiaries and affiliates, by holding and Russian Federation. The financial results created by technological control of business is given in a matrix related to the holding and to itssubsidiaries and affiliates.
STUDY OF RADON AND THORON CONCENTRATION IN ENVIRONMENT OF MORADABAD DISTRICT OF UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA
Authors: Singh Indu , Kumar Anil , Rawat R B S
Published: February 2017

Purpose: A study of indoor radon and thoron has been carried out in the dwelling of Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Radon is an invisible radioactive gas that occurs naturally in the indoor atmosphere. It comes from the natural breakdown of uranium in soils and rocks. Lung cancer risk depends upon the concentration of radon, thoron and their decay product in the air.

Methodology: The measurements of radon and thoron concentration were carried out by using LR-115 type II plastic track detectors (SSNTD Technique). 

Findings: In the present study the value of radon concentration from10.5 Bq/m3to 30Bq/m3 with an average19.9Bq/m3and thoron concentration from 5.6 Bq/m3 to 24 Bq/m3 with an average of 14.9 Bq/m3. It is observed that radon and thoron concentration is maximum in winter and minimum during summer. The maximum concentration in winter is essentially influenced by the intense temperature inversion, which occurs in the winter season when the wind velocity is low.

The maximum concentration in winter is also the result of decreased ventilation because in this season the houses are closed for a long time and radon/thoron accumulated inside the room and a weak positive correlation was observed between radon and thoron.

Social Implications:  There are some difficulties in assessing the exact risks of radon in the home. Most studies have used data from miners who will have had far more exposure to radon than is likely in any building.

Originality/ Novelty: This study is done at Moradabad City and Research Lab present in S.S.P. G. College Shajhanapur. Data of radon and thoron concentration has been taken from twin cup radon-thoron Dosimeter and Spark Counter.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TI (III), V (III),VO (IV), MOO (V),FE (II) AND FE (III) COMPLEXES OF BENZIL- 2,4-DINITROPHENYL HYDRAZONE P-BROMO ANILINE
Authors: Rastogi Raj Kamal , Sharma Sonu , Rastogi Gulshan , Singh Alok K.
Published: February 2017

The complexes of Benzil-2, 4-dinitrophenyl hydrazone-p- bromo aniline with Ti(III),V(III), VO(IV),MoO (V), Fe(II), Fe(III) have synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, magnetic measurement data, molar conductance, TGA,UV-visible and IR spectra data. The complexes of Ti (III), V (III), Fe (II) and Fe (III) have octahedral geometry while VO (IV) and MoO(V) have distorted octahedral geometry due to the presence of M=O moiety.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS STUDY OF CHITOSAN-STARCH-GLUTARIC ACID IN ACETIC ACID-WATER MIXTURES
Authors: Singh Virpal
Published: February 2017

Knowledge of the physicochemical parameters values produced by the utilization of the polymer blends is importantbecause of the effect that it has on the operational cost of several stages of the industrial processChitosan/starch solutions of different variable concentrations from (90/10 to10/90) are prepared in dilute acetic acid solution (1%). Glutaric acid solution concentration is 1% fixed. The solution properties such as viscosity and refractive index are measured. Viscosity of Chitosan-Starch-Glutaric acid solution is measured by Brookfield viscometer modal DV-E version 1.00 and refractive index is also measured by Abbes refractometer. The influence of concentration of solution and speed of rotation on shear stress are also determined for polymer solution.
POLYVINYL BUTYRAL (PVB), VERSETILE TEMPLATE FOR DESIGNING NANOCOMPOSITE/COMPOSITE MATERIALS:A REVIEW
Authors: Kumar Pramendra , Khan Nida , Kumar Deepak
Published: February 2017

In current article, the versatile behaviour of Polyvinylbutyral (PVB)and its ability to form composite materials withvarious inorganic species is reported. PVB has hydrophilic vinyl alcohol groups and hydrophobic vinyl butyral groups. These groups behave as promoters of polymer adhesive and binders for organic moieties. The composite materials of PVB have been synthesized viaphysical as well as chemical both protocols. PVB is used as a constituent part in the formation of composite, induces a specific property in a resulting one which are utilized by various ways since it has stronger in binding ability, sharper optical clarity and able for providing flexibility and toughness in the formed composite. Varioussophisticated instrumentation techniques eg FTIR, XRD, FESEM, TEM etc. are reported for characterizations of samples. The composite materials have excellent film formation properties, and can be potential candidate for photoelectric as well as photovoltaic applications. The inorganic conducting species which do not have film formation ability can be useful by composite formation along with PVB. The green protocols for synthesis of composites may also useful for biological applications.
DESTRUCTION OF RESINOUS COMPOUND FROM WASTE BY USE OF NATURAL ENZYMES
Authors: Chatrath Harsha
Published: February 2017

In present scenario huge quantity of waste are produced every day. It contains plastics, waste papers, plastic containers, some of these are degradable, and some of these are non-degradable waste.Non-biodegradable things are present in waste treated with mechanical pulverizing mechanisms and with few of strong chemical. Chemicals such as concentrated Hydrochloric, Sulphuric acids, sulphamic acids and many other hazardous chemicals are used for destroying wastes in simple form or in disperse form. Almost 70% of the waste is being dumped in the soil layer. After certain interval of time compounds present in soils such as salts of the metals and temperature of soil help in decomposing the waste periodically. Due to this process large quantity of soil gets contaminated. In this project we have tried to replace hazardous chemicals with other non-hazardous chemicals and some natural enzymes, which may give same reactions as with toxic chemicals. Objectives may also helps in use of eco friendly chemicals for reducing soil pollution and water pollutions. Hence it will minimize the other impacts on environment such as air pollution, noise pollutions, water pollutions and soil pollutions. All process will carry out under Green Chemistry cycles.
AU(III) AND CU(II) CATALYST FOR OXIDATION OF AROMATIC AND CYCLIC HYDROCARBON BY CERIUM (IV) IN ACIDIC MEDIUM UNDER MICROWAVE IRRADIATION
Authors: Srivastava Manish , Goyal Ashu , Srivastava Anamika , Mishra Aakanksha , Tomar Preeti
Published: February 2017

The addition of traces of Au(III) chloride with Ce(IV) sulphate (catalyst: substrate ratio (1: 80 to 1: 300)) and in case of  Cu(II) sulphate with Ce(IV) sulphate(catalyst: substrate ratio (1: 60 to 1: 250)) in solution phase under microwave irradiation resulted in good to excellent yields of corresponding to phenol, quinone and carbonyl compounds. In case of  oxidation of anthracene, phenanthrene, naphthalene, cyclohexane and toluene dissolved in acetic acid to give 95.02 %, 85.25%, 34.68%, 40.94%, and 56.54% yields in case of gold catalyst and 93.5%, 83.4%, 24.68%, 38.25% and 47.11% yields in case of copper as a catalyst.  Phenanthrene was oxidized in 9-Fluorenone instead of phenanthraquinone to get the benzylic rearrangement.
Islamic Banking and Finance in India: A Kosher or Myth
Authors: Badruddin Aisha
Published: February 2017

Islamic banking seems to be an unfamiliar concept in Indian economy. Besides having a huge potential, Islamic finance is considered to be infeasible and impractical in Indian conventional system of banking. The search for alternatives to conventional banking in the aftermath of the global financial crisis trained the spotlights on Islamic banking in many parts of the world. Today that Islamic banking has unfortunately been misunderstood in India as a religious charitable venture restricted to the country’s Muslim community. Despite its striking growth in other parts of world such as the Middle East, South East Asia (which chiefly include Malaysia and Indonesia) and Europe, it is yet to be positioned as a realistic alternative financial system and not a religious one. In this paper, an attempt is made to understand the underlying concept of Islamic banking and finance and erode some of the major misconceptions in the same context.
PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL SYSTEM IN MAJAN ELECTRICITY COMPANY (SOHAR, OMAN) AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEES’ MOTIVATION
Authors: Al Fazari Maryam , Khan Dr. M. Firdouse Rahman
Published: February 2017

Purpose

The objective of the study is to investigate whether the performance appraisal system used is in Majan Electricity Company, (Oman), measures the employees’ performance accurately and to ensure motivation and satisfaction of its employees.

Design/methodology/approach 

The study was conducted with 106 employees from all the departments of the main office of the company located at Sohar, who were selected on stratified random sampling basis and were contacted through a well-defined questionnaire. 

Findings

The study reveals that even if there is a problem with the accuracy of performance appraisal system in measuring the performance accurately, or due to rater error in the evaluation process, the employees’ performance appraisal is not affected by them and has got positive impact on employees’ motivation and satisfaction.

Practical Implications

The study demonstrates that there is a strong association between the (i) performance appraisal system and (ii) motivation of the employees and the employees’ satisfaction. It is also found that there is no relationship between performance appraisal system, rater errors, and the accuracy of performance appraisal system.

Social Implications

Performance appraisal system is dependent on motivation of the employees and employees’ satisfaction. So, there exists necessity for the company to pay attention towards motivating the employees through concentrating on increasing the satisfaction of the employees.

Originality/value

No study have examined the impact of performance appraisal system of the Majan Electricity Company in Sohar ever before considering employee’s motivation and the welfare of the employees in one hand and the management on the other, and it is first hand study of its kind.

Research limitations/Implications

The study was restricted to the main office of the company located at Sohar, Oman. The study could be extended to know the insight of the personnel involved in the entire Majan Electricity Company, Oman.
Antioxidant and Total Phenolic Content of Catharanthus roseus Using Deep Eutectic Solvent
Authors: Nisar Asma , Mamat Awang Soh , Hatim Md Irfan , Aslam Muhammad Shahzad , Ahmad Muhammad Syarhabil ,   School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kompleks Pusat Pengajian, Jejawi 3, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.,   School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kompleks Pusat Pengajian, Jejawi 3, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.,   School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kompleks Pusat Pengajian, Jejawi 3, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.,   School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kompleks Pusat Pengajian, Jejawi 3, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.,   School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kompleks Pusat Pengajian, Jejawi 3, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
Published: February 2017

Deep eutectic solvents as a new type of eco-friendly solvents have attracted attention in chemistry, medicine, and other fields for the extraction and separation of target compounds from medicinal plants. Deep eutectic solvents are easy to prepare and have many advantages as solvents, such as chemical inertness with water, low cost, easy biodegradability, and pharmaceutically acceptable toxicity. In this study, a deep eutectic solvent made up of choline chloride-glycerol (1:2) was used for the extraction of flavonoids from Catharanthus roseus plant parts (flower petal, leaves, stem, and root). The highest amount of phenolic content was detected in flower petal, that is, 194.50 mg GAE/g. In DPPH test, the maximum amount of antioxidant activity determined in the flower petal was 73.13%; IC50 was calculated by using a linear regression equation; IC50 value of the standard, stem, root, leaf, and flower petal was 13.22, 90.44, 83.93, 120.14, 79.49 μg/ml, respectively. The result of this research is that Catharanthus roseus has a compatible antioxidant activity. This can be helpful for the treatment of diseases caused by free-radical oxidative stress.