bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Price Behavior and Market Integration in European Union Electricity Markets: A VECM Analysis
Authors: Stanciu Cristian , Mitu Narcis
Published: February 2025

This study examines the integration and price behavior of European Union electricity markets using a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Employing daily wholesale day-ahead electricity prices from 24 EU countries spanning October 2017 to September 2024, the research identifies seven regional clusters of markets based on similarities in price trends. The analysis reveals strong long-term equilibrium relationships and dynamic short-term adjustments, highlighting the interconnectedness of these markets. Central players, such as Germany in Block 1 and France in Block 2, emerge as pivotal in driving regional stability, while markets like Romania and Bulgaria (Block 3) demonstrate significant interconnections. Scandinavian and Baltic regions (Blocks 4 and 5) showcase unique balancing mechanisms influenced by shared infrastructure. Aggregated inter-block dynamics underscore the critical role of central hubs like Blocks 1 and 3 in bridging market disparities. Despite progress, regional heterogeneity persists, with slower adjustments observed in certain clusters. The findings emphasize the need for targeted policies to enhance cross-border electricity trading and infrastructure investments, ensuring equitable integration across all regions. By addressing these disparities, the EU can bolster market efficiency and resilience, contributing to its overarching energy strategy and transition to sustainable energy systems.
Bridging the Gaps: Future Directions for Blockchain and IoT Integration in Smart Grids
Authors: Ferreira Joao C.
Published: February 2025

The convergence of blockchain and Internet of Things technologies holds immense promise for revolutionizing the smart grid landscape [...]
Sustainable Energy Transition: Converting Textile Water Sludge (TWS) to Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF) in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Yen-Chen , Shen Yun-Hwei
Published: February 2025

The conversion of textile water sludge (TWS) into solid recovered fuel (SRF) represents a promising approach to addressing environmental challenges, advancing waste-to-energy strategies, and promoting circular economy principles. This manuscript explores Taiwan’s innovative efforts in SRF production from textile industry waste, highlighting its integration into industrial processes, regulatory frameworks, and global relevance. The study examines the key technological processes involved, including sorting, drying, and torrefaction, which enhance fuel properties such as calorific value and combustion efficiency. Challenges related to raw material availability, quality control, economic viability, and public perception are analyzed alongside potential solutions such as advanced processing technologies, government incentives, and industry collaboration. Comparisons with international practices reveal Taiwan’s leadership in leveraging textile water sludge as a feedstock while identifying opportunities for further alignment with global standards and scalability. The environmental benefits of SRF, including waste reduction and greenhouse gas mitigation, are juxtaposed with risks like emissions control and high production costs. This comprehensive review underscores the potential of SRF production from textile water sludge as a sustainable solution for waste management and energy generation, contributing to Taiwan’s net-zero emissions goals and offering valuable insights for global adoption.
Review on Noise Generation Issues and Noise Mitigation Methods in Electric Vehicle Charging Systems
Authors: Jarnut Marcin , Kaniewski Jacek , Buciakowski Mariusz
Published: February 2025

This paper presents an overview of issues related to noise generation in electric vehicle (EV) charging systems. It discusses the requirements for noise reduction in locations where charging stations are most commonly installed. The primary sources of noise in EV charging stations are identified, considering their design and configuration. The results of acoustic tests for specific noise sources and entire charging stations are presented, including measurements of sound pressure level (SPL), acoustic imaging, and the generated acoustic spectrum. The paper also describes noise reduction methods and proposes solutions aimed at minimizing the noise generated by charging infrastructure. Additionally, the results of tests illustrating the effectiveness of these methods are presented.
Effective Methods for Determination of Electrical System Power Components at Transient and Steady States
Authors: Dobrucký Branislav , Kaščák Slavomír , Šedo Jozef
Published: February 2025

This review paper describes and compares the practical methods that make it possible to calculate an average value of apparent, active, and reactive (i.e., blind and distorted) power in each calculation step. In addition to two methods, p–q and ip–iq, it deals with the application of the id–iq method for determining power components’ mean values in a discrete step. The results are important and needed for the right dimensioning and sizing of power electronic and electrical systems (PEESs), which those power components produce. This is because the integral calculation for the mean values of the product of voltage u(t) and current i(t) always gives a value lower than the actual value of the apparent power. Using moving average and moving root mean square (rms) techniques (or digital filtering), one obtains the right values, although with a time delay. Using sliding filtering, these techniques calculate the average or rms values, respectively, of the power components in each step k. By calculating the moving average value of the power components in both transient and steady states (on/off as well), we achieve the correct design of the system. The transients for the three- and single-phase power electronic systems are modeled, simulated, and theoretically supported in this study. Any PEES can be determined and sized using the calculated data. The real-time HW simulator Plecs RT Box 1 and Matlab/Simulink 2024a simulations validate the comprehensive time waveform produced by the suggested method.
Endocrine Parameters and Climate Change
Authors: Arneth Borros
Published: February 2025

The endocrine system relies on complex cell signaling and epigenetic processes to adjust to the body’s needs. However, stressors such as climate change and heat can disrupt the endocrine system. This study aims to collect and systematically review evidence from publications exploring how climate change impacts endocrine laboratory parameters. The review process included developing research questions, defining inclusion and exclusion criteria, conducting database searches, screening and selecting relevant publications, collecting and analyzing data, interpreting the findings, and drawing conclusions. This review identified multiple endocrine parameters linked to climate change and the mechanisms by which various stressors disrupt endocrine function. Climate change, especially heat stress, affects the production and levels of key hormones. The mechanisms underlying the disruption of key hormones are also explored in this paper. This review provides a clear overview of how climate change influences endocrine parameters and outlines the processes underlying stress-triggered endocrine disruption.
A Multi-Year Study on the Presence and Infestation Levels of Cameraria ohridella and Guignardia aesculi on Horse Chestnut in North-Eastern Italy
Authors: Pavan Francesco , Zandigiacomo Pietro
Published: February 2025

The alien leaf miner Cameraria ohridella (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) is damaging horse chestnuts in European countries. Since native natural enemies cannot control the moth, integrated control strategies must be implemented. In north-eastern Italy, from 1997 to 2020, sampling was performed on 55 sites to record the presence of and estimate the leaf damage caused by C. ohridella and the fungus Guignardia aesculi. The level of leaf removal from the ground in autumn was estimated, and information on altitude (199–1294 m a.s.l.), average annual temperature (4.4–11.9 °C) and rainfall (954–1394 mm), and the occurrence of trunk injection with abamectin was collected. Damage caused by the leaf miner and the fungus declined with decreasing temperatures, with negligible damage at sites with average annual temperatures below 7 °C (above 1000 m a.s.l. in the study area). Since, in the study sites, complete leaf removal provided comparable efficacy to trunk injections with abamectin, we suggest adopting this environmentally friendly practice to maintain C. ohridella below damaging levels. Interspecific competition occurred between C. ohridella and G. aesculi because leaf damage from one competitor decreased as damage from the other increased.
sUAS-Based High-Resolution Mapping for the Habitat Quality Assessment of the Endangered Hoolock tianxing Gibbon
Authors: Xu Mengling , Zhu Yongliang , Zhang Lixiang , Li Peng , Gong Qiangbang , Zuo Anru , Hu Kunrong , Jiang Xuelong , Lu Ning , Guan Zhenhua
Published: February 2025

The endangered Gaoligong hoolock gibbon (Hoolock tianxing) faces significant threats from habitat degradation and loss, making accurate habitat assessment crucial for effective conservation. This study explored the effectiveness of high-resolution small unoccupied aerial system (sUAS) imagery for evaluating habitat quality, comparing its performance against Sentinel-2 satellite data. Focusing on the critically fragmented habitat of this primate in Yingjiang County, China, we aimed to (1) assess habitat quality at the patch level using a sUAS; (2) apply the InVEST Habitat Quality (IHQ) model; and (3) compare the effectiveness of sUAS and Sentinel-2 imagery, across different resolutions, for habitat quality evaluation. We utilized sUAS imagery (0.05 m resolution) obtained from a DJI Mavic 3 drone and Sentinel-2 data (10 m resolution) for a comparative analysis. The InVEST IHQ model was then used to analyze nine habitat patches, examining how data resolution impacts habitat quality assessments. Our results showed that habitat quality varied considerably across space, with lower quality observed near villages due to agricultural activity and infrastructure development. The sUAS imagery proved superior at capturing detailed landscape features and delineating small, fragmented patches compared to Sentinel-2. Furthermore, the sUAS achieved higher classification accuracy. Although both data sources indicated generally high habitat quality, Sentinel-2 tended to overestimate both habitat quality and degradation compared to the sUAS. High-resolution sUAS imagery therefore provides a clear advantage for detailed habitat quality assessment and targeted conservation planning, especially in fragmented landscapes. Integrating sUAS data with other remote sensing methods is essential to improve the protection of endangered primate habitats. This research emphasizes the value of sUAS for fine-scale habitat analysis, providing a strong scientific basis for developing targeted habitat restoration strategies and guiding conservation management.
The Optimization of the Nutrient Medium Composition for the Submerged Cultivation of the Mycolicibacterium neoaurum Strain VKM Ac-3067D in a 100 L Bioreactor Under Controlled Conditions by Mathematical Planning
Authors: Yaderets Vera V. , Karpova Nataliya V. , Glagoleva Elena V. , Shibaeva Alexandra S. , Dzhavakhiya Vakhtang V.
Published: February 2025

The biotechnological production of carotenoids offers a promising alternative to their chemical synthesis or extraction from plants. Mycolicibacterium species have shown potential as pigment-producing microorganisms. However, bacterial strains typically exhibit lower productivity compared to fungal and yeast strains. Earlier, we enhanced the β-carotene biosynthesis in M. neoaurum strain VKM Ac-3067D by modifying the cultivation medium. Key changes included replacing glucose with glycerol and soybean meal with skimmed milk powder (SMP) and increasing the urea content from 0.5 to 1.0 g/L. To further optimize β-carotene yield, a steepest ascent method was applied combining factorial design with a gradient-based optimization (Wilson–Box method). The resulting regression model showed that the most influential factors were the glycerol concentration and SPM use. The in-flask fermentation of the Ac-3067D strain in a medium containing 25.5 g/L of glycerol (carbon source) and 12.80 g/L of SMP (nitrogen source) increased β-carotene yield to 318.4 ± 8.3 mg/kg. In a 15 L bioreactor, β-carotene yield increased to 432.3 ± 10.4 mg/kg, while the biomass concentration reached 23.2 ± 1.2 g/L. The further scaling up to a 100 L bioreactor increased both β-carotene yield (450.4 ± 8.2 mg/kg) and biomass concentration (25.2 ± 1.1 g/L). Thus, β-carotene production technology using the M. neoaurum strain AC-3067D was successfully scaled up from 750 mL flasks to a 100 L bioreactor, confirming its potential for industrial-scale application.
Further Research in Food Processing Safety and Quality from Field to Fork
Authors: Lazarević-Pašti Tamara , Potkonjak Nebojša
Published: February 2025

This Editorial refers to the Special Issue “Further Research in Food Processing Safety and Quality from Field to Fork”, which addresses critical aspects of ensuring the safety and quality of food throughout the entire production chain [...]
Investigating the Synergistic Bactericidal Effects of Cold Plasma and Ultraviolet Radiation on Pseudomonas fragi
Authors: Yuan Haidu , Chen Fei , Zhang Jiajia , Guo Xinglei , Zhang Jianhao , Yan Wenjing
Published: February 2025

Cold plasma is a novel non-thermal processing technology with broad application prospects in food preservation. When combined with other physical sterilization technologies, it enhances sterilization efficiency and broadens its application scope, providing a safe and effective alternative to traditional sterilization methods. In this paper, the sterilization effect of surface dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) plasma combined with 222 nm ultraviolet (UV) irradiation against Pseudomonas fragi (P. fragi) was explored for the first time. The sterilization process parameters of SDBD + UV were optimized using the response surface methodology. And the sterilization mechanism of SDBD + UV was preliminary elucidated. The results indicated that the SDBD + UV treatment was highly effective against P. fragi. It could eliminate 6.35 Log CFU/g of P. fragi within 150 s, establishing optimal sterilization parameters: a radiation distance of 16.4 cm and a saving time (a period of preservation in which the samples were retained in the device after the treatment) of 120 s. Furthermore, the treatment caused significant damage to the cell membrane of P. fragi, leading to membrane perforation and content leakage. It also induced oxidative stress, as evidenced by membrane lipid peroxidation, alterations in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, and a decrease in antioxidant enzyme activity. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of cold plasma combined with 222 nm UV treatment in the meat industry.
Insights into Phylogeny, Taxonomy, Origins and Evolution of Crataegus and Mespilus, Based on Comparative Chloroplast Genome Analysis
Authors: Meng Jiaxin , Wang Yan , Song Han , Dong Wenxuan , Dong Ningguang
Published: February 2025

Hawthorns (Crataegus L.) are widely distributed and well known for their medicinal properties and health benefits. Nevertheless, the phylogenetic relationships among Crataegus native to China remain unclear. Additionally, no consensus exists on the origin and evolution of Crataegus, and the relationship between Crataegus and Mespilus is is unclear. Here, we sequenced 20 chloroplast (cp) genomes (19 from Crataegus and 1 from Mespilus) and combined them with 2 existing cp genomes to investigate the phylogenetic relationships, divergence times and biogeographic history of Crataegus. Four hypervariable loci emerged from the newly sequenced genomes. The phylogenetic results indicated that the 14 Chinese Crataegus species analyzed clustered into two clades. One clade and the North American Crataegus species grouped together, while the other clade grouped with the European Crataegus species. Our results favor recognizing Mespilus and Crataegus as one genus. Molecular dating and biogeographic analyses showed that Crataegus originated in Southwest China during the early Oligocene, approximately 30.23 Ma ago. Transoceanic migration of East Asian Crataegus species across the Bering land bridge led to the development of North American species, whereas westward migration of the ancestors of C. songarica drove the formation of European species. C. cuneata may represent the earliest lineage of Chinese Crataegus. The uplift of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) and the Asian monsoon system may have led the ancestors of C. cuneata in south-western China to migrate toward the northeast, giving rise to other Chinese Crataegus species. This study offers crucial insights into the origins of Crataegus and proposes an evolutionary model for the genus.
Effects of Unpredictable Perturbation Training on a Split-Belt Treadmill on Physical Performance in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Han Kap-Soo , Ko Myoung-Hwan
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: This clinical trial aimed to determine whether perturbation-based gait training (PBGT) on a split-belt treadmill enhances balance and muscle strength in older adults, comparing its effectiveness with walking-only training on a treadmill. Methods: This single-center, prospective, single-blind (assessor), randomized controlled trial included 24 older adults from the Rehabilitation Center of Jeonbuk National University Hospital. Participants were equally divided into the PBGT and control groups. Both groups underwent 12 training sessions, three times a week for 4 weeks, for a total of 43 min per session. The outcomes, including the Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test (FTSST), Falls Efficacy Scale International, timed up-and-go (TUG) test, functional reach test, and lower-extremity manual muscle test scores, were measured at three time points: pre-training, post-training, and four weeks after training. Results: While there were no significant differences between the two groups, the PBGT group demonstrated significant improvements in its FTSST and TUG values. Conclusions: Unpredictable perturbation training on a split-belt treadmill can be safely performed by older adults and may serve as an alternative exercise method to enhance physical performance and balance ability for fall prevention.
‘I Heard Music’: Mansfield Park, an Opera by Jonathan Dove and Alasdair Middleton
Authors: Dooley Gillian
Published: February 2025

When composer Jonathan Dove first read Jane Austen’s novel Mansfield Park, he immediately saw its operatic potential. In a newspaper interview, he is quoted as saying that the novel ‘haunted me for years’. He was particularly affected by Fanny Price and her predicament. When the opportunity came to write the opera, Dove worked with librettist Alasdair Middleton to create an operatic work that builds on and reinterprets Austen’s novel. It is a chamber opera, originally scored for piano duet, and although Dove later made an arrangement for a chamber ensemble, he retained the piano, identifying it as a sound world with which Austen was intimately familiar. In this paper, I track the transition from the printed page via the score and the libretto to the opera, and analyse the means by which Dove and Middleton create this popular adaptation, including telescoping the plot, using and adapting Austen’s own language, incorporating music inspired by eighteenth-century glees, and using characters as a chorus, with music that enhances the impact and translates the powerful emotions on Austen’s page into raw and urgent feelings.
A Pragmatic Analysis of Shakespeare’s Richard III: Language Strategies: Persuasion, Domination, and Control
Authors: Macías-Borrego Manuel
Published: February 2025

This pragmatic analysis of Richard III examines how conversational strategies, speech acts, and Gricean maxims reveal the true intentions and nature of Richard and other characters. While Shakespeare’s history plays are often explored through social, cultural, historical, and political lenses, this approach focuses on understanding characterization through linguistic cues, especially Richard’s manipulative use of language. Pragmatics, a branch of linguistics, delves into the intended meanings behind interactions using linguistic signals, emphasizing the dynamics of conversation and context. In Richard III, speech acts—encompassing not just spoken words, but also the surrounding context—are crucial for understanding Richard’s ability to deceive, manipulate, and persuade. These speech acts not only convey what is said, but also the strategies employed to achieve specific goals, such as persuasion or domination. By applying pragmatic principles and speech act theory, this analysis enhances our understanding of Shakespeare’s characters and their interactions. Gricean maxims—quality, quantity, relevance, and manner—serve as a framework for exploring how Richard often flouts or manipulates these principles to control dialogue and perceptions. This combined approach reveals the layers of meaning and strategic language use that shape Richard’s character and the broader implications of his interactions within the play. This shows that Shakespeare’s theater continues to provide a compelling lens for exploring the relationship between language, politics, and identity, enhancing our comprehension of how literature both reflects and influences the socio-political context in which it was created.
Radiocarbon Ages of a Possible Titian Painting
Authors: Tuniz Claudio , Marzaioli Fabio , Terrasi Filippo , Passariello Isabella , Porzio Giuseppe , Molaro Paolo
Published: February 2025

A radiocarbon study of a painting that might have been made by Titian or Tintoretto or by their workshops is presented. It could be the lost Titian self-portrait or, more convincingly, the sitter might be the Venetian Andrea Cappello, elected Procuratore de Supra in 1537 AD. Due to the variability in the concentration of atmospheric radiocarbon during the reference period, the calibrated 14C ages of the painted canvas are 1450–1530 and 1540–1635 AD (2 σ), while those of the wooden frame are 1504–1597 and 1616–1657 AD (2 σ). They are also consistent with previous analyses based on scanning macro X-ray fluorescence. These results, combined with stylistic, considerations suggest that the painting was made in the first half of the 16th century by Titian or his workshop. Circumstantial evidence that the painting was executed between 1523 and 1528 is also discussed.
Boesenbergia Kuntze (Zingiberaceae) in Cambodia: Four New Records with Notes on Their Potential Horticultural Significance, Cultivation Guidelines, and Lectotypification of B. xiphostachya (Gagnep.) Loes.
Authors: Saensouk Piyaporn , Saensouk Surapon , Boonma Thawatphong , Song Det , Maknoi Charun , Setyawan Ahmad Dwi
Published: February 2025

This study presents four new records of Boesenbergia species (Zingiberaceae) in Cambodia: Boesenbergia parvula (Wall. ex Baker) Kuntze, B. petiolata Sirirugsa, B. siphonantha (King ex Baker) M.Sabu, Prasanthk. & Škorničk., and B. xiphostachya (Gagnep.) Loes. Previously, only B. rotunda (L.) Mansf. was officially recognized in Cambodia. This research also confirms the occurrence of B. rotunda in natural habitats. and provides a new distribution report for this species within the country, and lectotypification of B. xiphostachya (Gagnep.) Loes. We studied plant specimens collected from Cambodia, using calipers and a stereomicroscope, and identified them based on protologue descriptions and herbarium records. We provide detailed morphological descriptions, complete synonymy, taxonomic diagnoses, and a comprehensive identification key. In addition, we present data on habitat, phenology, vernacular names, traditional uses, provisional conservation statuses, horticultural potential, and cultivation guidelines. These findings substantially expand the known species diversity of Boesenbergia in Cambodia, highlighting their ecological significance, cultural value, and ornamental potential. By advancing the understanding of regional flora, this study contributes to biodiversity conservation and emphasizes the importance of continued exploration and documentation in Southeast Asia to preserve ecological integrity and. traditional knowledge.
The Role of Vitekang Soil Conditioner and Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi in Mitigating Cadmium Stress in Solanum lycopersicum Plants
Authors: Wang Qianqian , Liu Yue , Chen Guangxin , Liu Xing , Tanveer Mohsin , Guo Yongjun , Zeng Peng , Huang Liping
Published: February 2025

Solanum lycopersicum, a widely cultivated vegetable crop globally, faces soil cadmium (Cd) contamination issues due to Cd’s high mobility, posing potential threats to Solanum lycopersicum growth and human health. In light of this, this study selected three representative Solanum lycopersicum varieties: Micro Tom, Red Guanyin, and Taiwan Pink King, and designed a series of experiments to investigate their growth performance under Cd stress. Experimental treatments included the sole application of different concentrations of Vitekang soil conditioner (VT), as well as the individual and combined application of VT and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). By thoroughly analyzing agronomic traits, cellular membrane lipid peroxidation levels, the activities of antioxidant enzymes (Catalase (CAT), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), and Peroxidase (POD)), and the expression levels of genes related to Cd transport and detoxification (SLNRAMP6 and SlHMA3), this study comprehensively evaluated the effectiveness of different treatments in mitigating Cd stress in the three Solanum lycopersicum varieties. The results indicated that when VT was applied at a concentration of 2.4 g/kg in combination with AMF, it significantly reduced the detrimental effects of Cd on Micro Tom, Red Guanyin, and Taiwan Pink King. The specific experimental outcomes were as follows: (i) significantly decreased Cd accumulation in Solanum lycopersicum roots and leaves; (ii) effectively mitigated cellular membrane lipid peroxidation; (iii) significantly increased antioxidant enzyme activities; and (iv) influenced expression patterns of genes related to Cd transport and detoxification. This study further confirms that, compared to the sole application of VT or AMF, the combined application of these two treatments serves as a more effective practical method, exhibiting significant advantages in alleviating soil Cd contamination, promoting Solanum lycopersicum growth, and improving agronomic traits. This study not only advances research progress on VT and AMF in Solanum lycopersicumes, providing a solid theoretical and experimental foundation for cultivating high-quality Solanum lycopersicumes, but also holds significant importance for improving and optimizing the “VIP+N” technology, achieving farmland soil protection, and enhancing agricultural product quality.
Physical and Mental Health of Caregivers and Educators of Preschool-Aged Children: Identifying Benefits and Barriers to Outdoor Time, How Outdoor Time Can Make a Difference for Health Equity, and Why Income Matters
Authors: Fyfe-Johnson Amber L. , Noonan Carolyn J. , Butcher Maria B. , Haakenstad Magdalena K.
Published: February 2025

Outdoor time is positively associated with improved physical and mental health in adults. Little is known about the specific effects of outdoor time on health outcomes for parents and educators of preschool-aged children. Early childhood is a critical window for growth and development, as parental and educator stress negatively impacts young children; thus, it is of paramount importance to systematically support parents and educators during these developmental years. The objectives of this research were to use a cross-sectional natural experiment to (1) evaluate the association between outdoor time and physical and mental health in caregivers and educators who engage with preschool-aged children; (2) evaluate the association between income and physical and mental health in caregivers and educators who engage with preschool-aged children; and (3) identify benefits and barriers of outdoor time and the importance, availability, and accessibility of community resources for outdoor time. Participants were recruited from three stakeholder groups: preschool educators, parents of children attending an outdoor preschool, and parents of preschool-aged children in the local community. Participants completed a health needs assessment (n = 46) to assess demographics, mental and physical health outcomes, and benefits, barriers, and resources for outdoor time. Caregivers and educators in the higher income group (≥USD 70,000) were 41% (95% CI: 12%, 70%) more likely to report very good or excellent self-reported health. Mean anxiety, depression, and perceived stress were lower in the higher-income group. Caregivers and educators in the higher outdoor time group had lower body mass index (−5.5 kg/m2; 95% CI: −11.6, 0.7), and outdoor time appeared to be protective for general health independent of income. Thus, outdoor time may be a critical protective factor to enhance biological resilience for caregivers and educators, especially for those facing financial adversity.
‘You’ve Just Got to Keep Pestering’: Barriers and Enablers of Attaining Continuity of Hepatitis C Care for People Transitioning Between Prison and Community Health Services in South-East Queensland, Australia
Authors: Panahi Idin , Selvey Linda A. , Puljević Cheneal , Kvassay Amanda , Grimstrup Dorrit , Smirnov Andrew
Published: February 2025

Highly effective direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapies for hepatitis C (HCV) have been available in Australian prisons since 2016. To address treatment interruption following release from prisons, the Queensland Injector’s Health Network (QuIHN) launched a Prison Transition Service (PTS) in south-east Queensland, Australia. Presently, the factors associated with continuity of post-release HCV care are poorly understood. The objective of this qualitative study was to explore the barriers and facilitators to HCV treatment among people recently released from prisons among PTS clients and stakeholders. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 27 participants, namely, 13 clients and 14 stakeholders (health and community support workers) of the PTS. We conducted thematic analysis using the framework of person-, provider-, and system-level barriers and facilitators. Person-level barriers included competing priorities post-release, while facilitators included self-improvement after treatment completion, preventing transmission to family, and social support. Provider-level treatment barriers included enacted stigma, limited prison health service capacity, and post-release health system challenges. Systemic barriers included stigma relating to HCV, injecting drug use, incarceration, and limited availability of harm reduction services. Policy changes and investment are required to expand HCV treatment in south-east Queensland prisons to facilitate patient navigation into community care. In terms of reducing stigma among health staff and the general community towards people with HCV, a history of incarceration and/or who inject drugs is crucial for improving treatment rates. Strategies such as peer-led or nurse-practitioner-led models of care may help improve treatment completion. Continuity of HCV treatment post-release from prisons is essential for Australia to meet the WHO’s 2030 HCV elimination target.
TNC and GJA1 Are Putative Progenitor Markers That Are Localized in the Perivascular Adventitia of the Adult Monkey Brain Subventricular Niche
Authors: Ivanov Martin N. , Stoyanov Dimo S. , Veleva Lora V. , Mladenov Andon M. , Pavlov Stoyan P. , Yamashima Tetsumori , Tonchev Anton B.
Published: February 2025

The largest area in the adult mammalian brain that contains stem and progenitor cells at different stages of differentiation is the subventricular zone located along the lateral wall of the lateral ventricle. We have previously shown in adult monkeys that transient global cerebral ischemia upregulates the expression of hundreds of genes in this zone, including genes known to be related to stemness in the rodent brain. Here, we analyzed the immunophenotype of two of these genes, TNC and GJA1, by co-expression experiments, applying a panel of known stem/progenitor-cell-related markers. We found that both TNC and GJA1 were expressed in the perivascular region. They were localized not to the endothelial cells but to the periendothelial adventitial cells, which was consistent with our previous electron-microscopic data suggesting periendothelial cells as a source of progenitors. We report that the expression of GJA1 was high in quiescent progenitors, while TNC was mostly present in progenitors in the transition from a quiescent to an active state. Our data suggest that TNC and GJA1 can be used as markers for stem/progenitor cells in the largest stem cell area of the adult primate brain.
Correction: Alarfaj et al. CA 19-9 Pancreatic Tumor Marker Fluorescence Immunosensing Detection via Immobilized Carbon Quantum Dots Conjugated Gold Nanocomposite. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 1162
Authors: Alarfaj Nawal Ahmad , El-Tohamy Maha Farouk , Oraby Hesham Farouk
Published: February 2025

In the original publication [...]
Cardiac MRI Strain as an Early Indicator of Myocardial Dysfunction in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Liu Siqin , Laghzali Oumaima , Shalikar Shahriar , Rusu Mara-Camelia , Carrier Lucie , Niendorf Thoralf , Ku Min-Chi
Published: February 2025

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is often characterized by augmented cardiac contractility, which frequently remains undetectable in its early stages. Emerging evidence suggests that hypercontractility is linked to mitochondrial defects that develop early in HCM progression. However, imaging markers for identifying these early alterations in myocardial function are lacking. We used cardiac magnetic resonance feature tracking (CMR-FT) to assess myocardial strain in a Mybpc3-knockin (KI) mouse model that mimicked human HCM. While homozygous (HOM) mice exhibited cardiac hypertrophy, heterozygous (HET) mice represented an early, asymptomatic stage of HCM. To explore mitochondrial contributions to hypercontractility, we evaluated mitochondrial integrity via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and correlated these findings with strain abnormalities. Young HET female, but not male mice exhibited significant torsion abnormalities (p = 0.02), reduced left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS, p = 0.009), and impaired right ventricular global longitudinal strain (RVGLS, p = 0.035) compared to the controls. Strain abnormalities correlated strongly with mitochondrial morphological alterations, including changes in volume and area distribution (R > 0.7). Abnormal myocardial strain patterns, including torsion and GLS, serve as early markers of HCM and are closely associated with underlying mitochondrial dysfunction. The HET Mybpc3-KI HCM model provides important insights into the initial stages of HCM progression, highlighting strain abnormalities and sex-specific differences to enhance early diagnosis and therapeutic strategies.
Mutations in Filamin C Associated with Both Alleles Do Not Affect the Functioning of Mice Cardiac Muscles
Authors: Ilchuk Leonid A. , Kochegarova Ksenia K. , Baikova Iuliia P. , Safonova Polina D. , Bruter Alexandra V. , Kubekina Marina V. , Okulova Yulia D. , Minkovskaya Tatiana E. , Kuznetsova Nadezhda A. , Dolmatova Daria M. , Ryabinina Anna Yu. , Mozhaev Andrey A. , Belousov Vsevolod V. , Ershov Boris P. , Timashev Peter S. , Filatov Maxim A. , Silaeva Yulia Yu.
Published: February 2025

Filamin C (FLNC) is a structural protein of muscle fibers. Mutations in the FLNC gene are known to cause myopathies and cardiomyopathies in humans. Here we report the generation by a CRISPR/Cas9 editing system injected into zygote pronuclei of two mouse strains carrying filamin C mutations—one of them (AGA) has a deletion of three nucleotides at position c.7418_7420, causing E>>D substitution and N deletion at positions 2472 and 2473, respectively. The other strain carries a deletion of GA nucleotides at position c.7419_7420, leading to a frameshift and a premature stop codon. Homozygous animals (FlncAGA/AGA and FlncGA/GA) were embryonically lethal. We determined that FlncGA/GA embryos died prior to the E12.5 stage and illustrated delayed development after the E9.5 stage. We performed histological analysis of heart tissue and skeletal muscles of heterozygous strains carrying mutations in different combinations (FlncGA/wt, FlncAGA/wt, and FlncGA/AGA). By performing physiological tests (grip strength and endurance tests), we have shown that heterozygous animals of both strains (FlncGA/wt, FlncAGA/wt) are functionally indistinguishable from wild-type animals. Interestingly, compound heterozygous mice (FlncGA/AGA) are viable, develop normally, reach puberty and it was verified by ECG and Eco-CG that their cardiac muscle is functionally normal. Intriguingly, FlncGA/AGA mice demonstrated better results in the grip strength physiological test in comparison to WT animals. We also propose a structural model that explains the complementary interaction of two mutant variants of filamin C.
No Association Between HIV-1 Subtype and Primary Resistance Mutations with CD4 Reconstitution During Effective Antiretroviral Treatment: An Observational, Cohort Study
Authors: Załęski Andrzej , Lembas Agnieszka , Dyda Tomasz , Osińska Joanna , Jabłońska Joanna , Stempkowska-Rejek Justyna , Orzechowska Justyna , Wiercińska-Drapało Alicja
Published: February 2025

Some people with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) on effective antiretroviral therapy have persistent low lymphocyte CD4 counts and remain at an increased risk of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). We investigated whether primary drug resistance mutations (DRMs) and HIV-1 subtype could be related to immunologic reconstitution in these people. In a multicenter, observational cohort study among treatment-naïve patients, we analyzed HIV-1 subtype, primary drug resistance mutations, CD4 counts, and CD4:CD8 ratios during effective antiretroviral therapy. We compared these variables between patients with different HIV subtypes and between those with or without drug-resistance mutations up to 48 weeks post-baseline. In 156 patients, CD4 count normalization (≥500 cells/µL) was observed in 39% of patients, while CD4:CD8 ratio ≥ 1 in 27% after treatment implementation. HIV-1 subtype B was present in 75% of the patients and subtype A in 22%. Primary resistance mutations were found in 57% of the individuals. The percentage of immunological nonrespondents did not differ significantly between those with different HIV subtypes or between those with or without primary resistance mutations (p > 0.05). In conclusion, there was no significant coincidence between the HIV subtype and primary drug resistance mutations with immunological reconstitution in patients receiving effective antiretroviral therapy.
Retinal Protective Effect of Mono-Ethyl Fumarate in Experimental Age-Related Macular Degeneration via Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Apoptotic Alterations
Authors: Lee Hara , Zhang Siqi , Ahn Hong Ryul , Kim Taejung , Kim Jiyool , Lee Heesu , Jung Sang Hoon , Kim Joonki
Published: February 2025

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision impairment in people over the age of 60. Currently, the FDA-approved drugs for AMD have various side effects, and there is a notable lack of drug development for dry AMD. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effects of mono-ethyl fumarate (MEF) on AMD. MEF effectively protected ARPE-19 cells from cell death induced by a combination of A2E and blue light exposure. In a C57BL/6J mouse model of retinal degeneration caused by sodium iodate, MEF played a role in preserving retinal thickness and maintaining the layered structure of the retina. It was assessed via fundus imaging, optical coherence tomography, and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Treatment with MEF significantly increased the expression of antioxidant proteins such as HO-1, NQO1, and SOD1 in ARPE-19 cells. Additionally, treatment with MEF significantly increased the levels of the antioxidant proteins SOD1 and GPX4 in the mouse retina. Concurrently, it significantly reduced the levels of apoptosis-related factors, such as the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and Caspase -3 cleavage. These findings suggest that MEF may represent a promising therapeutic candidate for the management of AMD.
Analysis of Anxiety Disorders and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders for Screening Anxiolytic Drugs and Linking Preclinical and Clinical Research
Authors: Kozłowska Anna , Ma Wan-Jiun , Shyu Bai-Chuang , Huang Andrew Chih Wei
Published: February 2025

How to determine suitable animal models of anxiety disorders and post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) for screening anxiolytic drugs and linking preclinical and clinical research is a crucial issue. This review paper provides background knowledge and critical determination to the animal models for discussing this issue. Moreover, this article analyzes the characteristics, properties, advantages, and disadvantages of various animal models of anxiety disorders and PTSD. It offers an overview of the pathophysiology, treatments, prevalence, and symptoms of anxiety disorders in the clinics. Furthermore, it comprehensively discusses pharmacological treatments and neural mechanisms, as well as the types and properties of the animal models of anxiety disorders in shaping and testing anxiety behaviors. In light of the previous literature discussion, we can understand the different functions of the animal models of anxiety disorders and PTSD to help us link preclinical and clinical research. Animal models are used in advanced drug discovery programs, specifically in psychiatry and neuroscience research. The challenge for the future will be to keep pace with developing the appropriate animal models of anxiolytic drugs to improve the translation of large datasets obtained to clinics.
Selective Up-Regulation of Tumor Suppressor Gene Retinoblastoma by Bisacridine Derivative Through Gene Promoter Quadruplex Structures for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Lin Xiaomin , Zhang Jiahui , Liang Jihai , Ji Dongsheng , Huang Zhi-Shu , Li Ding
Published: February 2025

The retinoblastoma (RB) gene is an important tumor suppressor gene with a higher mutation frequency than other tumor suppressor genes. The mutation or inactivation of RB has been found in various cancers. The discovery of small molecules to promote RB expression is an effective anti-cancer strategy. Special DNA secondary structures with G-quadruplex and i-motif on the RB promoter could act as “molecular switches” for gene transcriptional regulation and are potentially important targets for the development of new anti-cancer drugs. After extensive screening, we found that the bisacridine derivative A06 had selective binding and destabilization for both the G-quadruplex and i-motif on the RB promoter, which significantly up-regulated RB gene transcription and translation, resulting in the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. A06 exhibited potent anti-tumor activity on Hela cells and strongly suppressed tumor growth on the Hela xenograft mice model without significant toxicity. In comparison, A02 exhibited strong binding and destabilization to the RB promoter G-quadruplex only, which showed a much weaker effect than A06 on regulating RB expression and producing anti-tumor activity. As we know, this is the first study for up-regulating a tumor suppressor gene through destabilization of both the G-quadruplex and i-motif on the gene promoter, which provides a new strategy for innovative anti-cancer drug discovery and development.
Surgical Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux in Neurologically Impaired Children: Fundoplication vs. Total Esophagogastric Dissociation
Authors: Di Mitri Marco , Vastano Marzia , Di Carmine Annalisa , Oriani Enrico , Thomas Eduje , Bisanti Cristian , D’Antonio Simone , Catania Vincenzo Davide , Collautti Edoardo , Gargano Tommaso , Lima Mario
Published: February 2025

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a prevalent and severe condition in neurologically impaired (NI) children, often requiring surgical intervention. This study evaluates the outcomes of two surgical techniques, fundoplication and total esophagogastric dissociation (EGD), in managing GERD in this vulnerable population. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 56 NI children who underwent surgery for GERD at our institution from 2012 to 2023. Outcomes assessed included post-operative weight gain, pneumonia rates, hospitalization duration, and complications. Results: Of the cohort, 39 patients underwent fundoplication and 17 underwent EGD. Both groups experienced significant weight gain post-operatively, with comparable rates between procedures. Fundoplication was associated with shorter hospitalization (16 ± 10 days vs. 35 ± 16 days, p < 0.001) and earlier resumption of enteral feeding (5.5 ± 2 days vs. 10.2 ± 3 days). EGD significantly reduced pneumonia rates (70.59% to 17.65%, p = 0.006) compared to fundoplication (58.97% to 41.03%, p = 0.174). Early complication rates were higher in the EGD group (41% vs. 23%), but long-term GERD-related hospitalizations were fewer (0.8 ± 1/year vs. 3 ± 2/year, p = 0.003). Conclusions: Fundoplication offers shorter recovery times and lower early complication rates, making it suitable for many patients. However, EGD may be preferable for those with severe, refractory GERD, given its superior long-term outcomes, particularly in reducing pneumonia and hospitalizations. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings and refine surgical indications in NI children.
Association of the Right Ventricle Cardiac Power Index with Glucose Metabolism and Prognosis in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Patients—PET/MRI Study
Authors: Kazimierczyk Remigiusz , Szumowski Piotr , Nekolla Stephan G. , Malek Lukasz A. , Blaszczak Piotr , Sobkowicz Bozena , Mysliwiec Janusz , Benza Raymond L. , Kaminski Karol A.
Published: February 2025

Background: In pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), there is still a need for new prognostic markers to precisely identify patients before clinical deterioration. We investigated the right ventricle cardiac power index (RV CPI) as a tool to assess RV function. We also hypothesized that hemodynamic changes occurring in PAH assessed with the RV CPI are related with cardiac metabolism alterations in PET imaging, which affects prognosis. Methods: Twenty-eight stable PAH patients (51.4 ± 15.9 years old) had PET/CMR and heart catheterization performed at baseline and after 24 months. The PET-derived SUV RV/LV ratio was used to estimate cardiac glucose uptake. Clinical endpoints (CEPs—death or clinical deterioration) were assessed between visits. The RV CPI was defined as cardiac index × mean pulmonary artery pressure × 2.22 × 10−3. Results: The baseline RV CPI was 0.28 ± 0.09 W/m2 and correlated significantly with the SUV RV/LV ratio (r = 0.55, p = 0.002), confirming a relationship between RV hemodynamics and glucose metabolism. After 24 months of PAH-specific therapy, we observed significant improvement in the follow-up RV CPI—0.23 ± 0.04 W/m2 (p = 0.04). During 2-year observations, 16 patients (57%) experienced CEPs (including four deaths). Patients with CEPs had a higher baseline CPI than stable patients (0.32 ± 0.09 vs. 0.21 ± 0.05, p = 0.0006). The cut-off value of the RV CPI to predict worse prognosis was 0.24 W/m2 (log-rank test, p = 0.003). Conclusions: To sum up, the indexed cardiac power output parameter may reflect RV efficiency and is related to its glucose metabolism alterations in PAH. Its low value may help to identify stable patients at higher risk of death or clinical deterioration in long-term prognosis.