bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La amistad de los animales como denuncia en contradel parasitismo en la Historia de los Animalesde Claudio Eliano
Authors: Mazo Lopera John Edison
Published: January 2025

Friendship is a major issue in the history of Western thought. It represented for some Greco-Roman philosophers one of the most valuable assets for the life of men, because friendship contributes to a good life or a happy life. However, it is always exposed to the parasitic attitude of sycophants. Taking this consideration into account, here the tracks of parasitism are followed and some reflections are made on their dangers within the friendship from a fragment of On the Nature of Animals of Claudius Aelianus, which treats on the parasitic attitude of Cleisophus before Philip in contrast with the friendly attitude of the sucking-fish and the dolphin. This with the purpose of pointing out that friendship should remain free of adulation according to the example that Nature offers through animals.
Antropología Social y Hermenéutica
Authors: García Arjona Federico Guillermo
Published: January 2025

The reflection that we propose is focused on the dialectic generated by analysis in social anthropology, particularly in ethnography, from the perspective of hermeneutics, as a proposal that has been incubating from the theoretical elaborations of Hans G. Gadamer and Paul Ricoeur, and that have crystallized in anthropological theory developed around the 70s by Clifford Geertz and James Clifford, among others. We will present our position on the above theoretical elaborations, while we rely on the method and the reflection of the anthropological literature.
Intervención desde Trabajo Social a una familia con integrante con discapacidad perteneciente a las Fuerzas Militares de Colombia
Authors: Arcos Zambrano Sandra Milena , Cortes Quiñones Ana María , López Portilla Luisa Dayana
Published: January 2025

The present process of systematization of experiences describes the intervention made from Social Work to a family accordion type with a member with a disability belonging to the Colombian Military Forces. Through family intervention, carried out from a psychosocial approach and from a systemic model and crisis intervention, it was possible to strengthen elements related to the internal and external dynamics of the family with respect to emotional ties, communication styles, coping tools. Establishing guidelines of upbringing with standards setting, strengthening the paternal role, adequate resolution of conflicts, management of a patient at home, guidance on the institutional offer of services and programs for the comprehensive care of people with disabilities. Also, it was possible to appreciate how the methodological techniques used (semi-structured interviews, home visits, role play, social record, ecomapa, among others) in this process have been the object of interest by the academic community since they are analyzed and they link to significant learning, thus recognizing prior knowledge and the set of strategies to facilitate the research work, given that it leaves satisfactory results in relation to the proposed objectives, enabling interpretation, analysis and reflection against the intervention process carried out from the Social Work area to this family system.
Comités, contenido y presentación Vol. V: no. 05
Authors: Centro de Estudios en Ciencias y Humanidades
Published: January 2025

Comités, contenido y presentación Vol. V: no. 05
Fernando Pessoa y la negación de la acción a través de la literatura del desasosiego
Authors: Calle Zapata Mauricio
Published: January 2025

This text intends to analyze two pathways to the world and to reality, based on The Book of Disquiet by Fernando Pessoa and regardless of any conceptual or philosophical system: the negation of the action and the literature of disquiet. Both stances cause, in the Portuguese poet's thought, a deep rejection of modernity and contemporaneity as to how men have to be and act framed within a type of pragmatic and productive thought. Therefore, and in opposition to the aforementioned, Pessoa proposes the literature of disquiet as a creating and aesthetic action that allows men to be open to the world from their imagination, dreams, art, poetry, literacy, and creating action.
Հիմնարար ու կիրառական գիտությունները և դրանց դերը պետության պաշտպանունակության ապահովման գործում. Արտասահմանյան փորձը/Fundamental and applied sciences and their role in ensuring the state’s defense capability: the foreign experience
Authors: Chilingaryan D. S. , Melikyan A. H.
Published: January 2025

This article is dedicated to the role of fundamental and applied sciences in strengthening the state’s defense capability. The common characteristic of a fundamental science is given, its objectives and methods of achieving them are also defined. The role of an applied science in developing a fundamental science is underlined, thus making them a unified organism, the development of which underlies their interaction.

A review on the state of things in the defense-industrial sectors of economics of headmost developed states is presented. A comparison of various states’ potentials in this sphere is given; the reasons and objectives of reforms in different states, as well as their results both positive and negative are discussed. In conclusion, the results of analyzing the state of things in the military-industrial sphere of the leading states in the military aspect are cited, this bringing forth the following statements.

A study on the organization of the chain fundamental sciences – applied sciences – engineering developments – production shows that each state has its own specificity which is conditioned by the character of the shaped by that moment links of this chain, existing scientific and manufacturing traditions, the national image of the population and other factors, like, for instance, the availability of natural resources of certain type, transportation and other capabilities of import–export, the directions of functioning educational establishments and so on. Nevertheless, the following principles are general: direct copying of someone else’s system is unacceptable as it lacks corresponding scientific basis and is inevitably failing; only the balanced development of each link of the chain is effective; a purposeful training of scientific-technical and manufacturing (including managerial) personnel is necessary.
El sesgo partidista en la infraestructura social: un análisis de las transferencias gubernamentales en México 2018-2024
Authors: Lara Escalante Mónica
Published: January 2025

The objective is to examine how the configuration of the party system at the subnational level affects the transfer of resources for social infrastructure. Little has been written about the effect of the level of competition of the state-level party system on social development.
The working hypotheses are proposed: the greater the competition in the party system at the entity level and if the governor's party coincides with the federal party, the greater the transfer of resources. for social development.
An original database is built with the variables of interest. Using multiple linear regression, the hypothesis is met.
Consumo de sustancias psicoactivas entre estudiantes de secundaria de Amealco de Bonfil
Authors: San Román Tajonar Guillermo , Meza de Luna María Elena , Castrejón Reyes Victorina , Martínez Puente Jorge Alberto
Published: January 2025

The consumption of psychoactive substances (CPS) is a public health issue. It is known that an early start in CPS increases the risk of developing addictions.  This research aimed to measure the prevalence and patterns of CPS among secondary school students.  The study was quantitative with a representative sample in  Amealco to  553 students. The substance most commonly  consumed  is alcohol (59.29%) in parties, homes, and the street. Tobacco has been consumed by 20.65%, marijuana by 7%, and other drugs by 5.83%. It is essential to develop public policies to mitigate this issue; we made some notes to guide actions.
Análisis de las perspectivas sobre corrupción en México
Authors: Mata Hernández José Miguel
Published: January 2025

Corruption in Mexico is a persistent social issue that remains prevalent despite the implementation of anti-corruption mechanisms. This paper aims to analyse perspectives on corruption in Mexico, comparing its levels with other Latin American countries, and to assess the progress of the National Anti-Corruption System (SNA). The methodology used combines descriptive and comparative analysis. The results reveal that the SNA is still in a transitional phase and Mexico exhibits a deficient level of anti-corruption efforts compared to other countries in the region.
Pelatihan Penulisan Latar Belakang pada Artikel Jurnal dan Teknis Publikasi Ilmiah
Authors: Pulungan Husniah Ramadhani , Daulay Muhammad Roihan
Published: January 2025

This community service aims to provide training in writing backgrounds for journal articles and scientific publication techniques. This is done so that participants can write in aeasier, more systematic, sharp, creates research gaps, creates novelty in research, and is able to make online submissions to target journals.The method used was in the form of providing materials and practicums with a total of 26 participants. This activity was carried out via Zoom outside of lecture hours and working hours. The results obtained were that the participants were very enthusiastic in consulting their backgrounds and also understanding the online submission process to the target journal with the right process. In addition, the results of this PKM are also expected to improve participants' writing skills in writing the background of the problem in the introduction of the article and at the same time publishing it in a scientific journal.
Housing Developers’ Awareness on Crowdfunding for Housing Development Project Financing in Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Ashen Musa Jacob , Mohammed Inuwa , Kunya Sani , Uthman Nurudeen , Gambo Moses
Published: January 2025

This study is aimed at assessing the awareness and knowledge of stakeholders regarding the adoption and use of crowdfunding as a financing instrument among startups and MSMEs in the Nigerian housing industry. The level of stakeholders’ awareness of crowdfunding as a financing tool for projects and stakeholders' knowledge of crowdfunding potentials for financing projects were determined. A quantitative research design was employed, utilizing an online survey strategy. Through a simple random sampling technique, a Google Form structured questionnaire based on a 5-point Likert Scale was sent to 352 REDAN members in the Abuja branch via WhatsApp, Instagram and emails. Only 330 responses representing 93.75% of total questionnaire were received, while 12 questionnaires representing 3.41% of total questionnaire were not responded to. SSPSS version 24 software was used to analyze the data. The results showed that 49.1% of the respondents with a mean score of 4.45 have a fair understanding of crowdfunding as a funding option for business ideas, ranking first in the list. The second highest ranking was "I have heard and read about the concept of crowdfunding as a funding option for businesses but I don’t know how it functions practically" with a mean of 3.82, which accounted for 35.5% of the respondents. Regarding the knowledge of stakeholders on the potentials of crowdfunding for financing housing development projects in Abuja, the results show that stakeholders have a high level of knowledge, with a mean score of 4.95 out of 5. The highest mean scores are for the statements "Crowdfunding allows projects to increase visibility through the crowdfunding platform" and "Facilitates the dynamic interaction between funders and backers through collaboration, openness and participation,". The study's findings suggest that there is a need to educate stakeholders, particularly entrepreneurs and small business owners, about the concept and functionality of crowdfunding.
Factors That Affect The Permanence Of Smes In The Municipality Of Tampico, Tamaulipas, Mexico
Authors: Patricia Sotelo Ocampo  , Sofía Genoveva Rivera Espinoza  , Carlos Enrique Martínez del Ángel
Published: January 2025

Many studies of Small and medium enterprises, have been generated focused on permanence in the market, which is currently very dynamic and with a lot of uncertainty; companies that do not prepare or adapt to changes will be vulnerable.
The present study aims to show the factors that affect the permanence of the Small and medium enterprises in the municipality of Tampico, for which an instrument of 25 items was applied. The result shows that factors such as strategic planning, competitiveness, innovation affect the permanence of the Small and medium enterprises in the municipality of Tampico.
Small and medium enterprises they represent, within the international context, more than 90% of the economic units (2019 INEGI economic censuses), also providing 70% of employment in Mexico, increase the rate of economically active population through the generation of jobs and manage to satisfy product or service needs. . Due to the above, it is necessary to support so that companies continue to open, remain, and grow those that already exist.
ANALYSIS OF AXIAL TESTS OF CONVEYOR BELT SAMPLES
Authors: Ilanković Nikola , Živanić Dragan , Katona Mirko
Published: January 2025

As conveyor belts are the key element of conveyors, it is very important that they are manufactured in accordance with applicable standards and later tested in order to confirm nominal parameters. In this paper, four types of axial testing of conveyor belt samples are presented. The required ambient test conditions and the required test device are described. An overview of tests is given where it is stated how tests are performed and it
is explained how to interpret the obtained results.
THE PREVALENCE AND THE MORPHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE ONODI CELLS – COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHIC STUDY
Authors: Nedelcu Alin Horatiu , Popa Cosmin Gabriel , Partene Vicoleanu Simona Alice , Tepordei Razvan Tudor , Statescu Gabriel , Popa Roxana-Andreea , Moraru Marius Constantin , Ursaru Manuela
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Onodi cells represent the abnormal migration of posterior ethmoidal cells into the sphenoid sinus cavity. This migration can be unilateral or bilateral. Moreover, a single cell or several ethmoid cells may be involved, hence the identification of the two morphological types, unilocular and multilocular, respectively. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of the Onodi cells in the Romanian population, to investigate the encountered morphological types and to assess their distribution based on the gender and placement. Finally yet important, we intend to investigate the causal relationship between the presence of the Onodi cells and chronic rhinosinusitis. Materials and Methods: Our retrospective study analyses 121 cranio-cerebral computed tomography (CT) datasets. Two expert radiologists independently investigated the images using RadiAnt DICOM Viewer software. The uncertain cases were later resolved by consensus. Results: In 58 (47.93%) of 121 cases, we identified the presence of Onodi cells. No significant statistical difference was demonstrated regarding gender. With regard to the morphological forms, we recorded the preponderance of the unilocular type (63 out of 84 cases, 75%) compared to the multilocular type (21 out of 84 cases, 25%). Discussions and Conclusions: Onodi cells have a high prevalence in the studied cohort, showing no predisposition related to sex or location. After implementing statistical methods, we demonstrated that there is no causal relationship between the presence of Onodi cells and chronic rhinosinusitis.
APPLICATION OF OCCLUSAL SPLINTS IN THE DIGITAL ERA: A SERIES OF THREE CASE REPORTS
Authors: Vavrickova Lenka , Schmidt Jan , Agop Forna Doriana , Kapitan Martin
Published: January 2025

This manuscript presents three case reports demonstrating the use of occlusal splints fabricated through both conventional and digital methods in clinical practice. The first case involves a 65-year-old male bruxist treated with a 3D-printed Muscle Relaxation Appliance to alleviate muscular facial pain and restore vertical dimension occlusion. The second case describes a 30-year-old pregnant woman with anterior disc displacement without reduction (DDwoR) who received an Anterior Repositioning Appliance fabricated using additive digital technology to improve temporomandibular joint function. The third case features a 70-year-old male undergoing implant-supported full-mouth reconstruction, utilizing a conventionally made splint for centric relation to achieve a stable horizontal relationship between the maxilla and mandible. These cases highlight the practical application of digital facebow technology and CAD/CAM workflows in enhancing the precision and comfort of occlusal splint therapy. The results emphasize the effectiveness of customized splint designs in managing complex temporomandibular disorders and related orofacial conditions.
ASSESSMENT OF BRACKET BOND FAILURE DURING FIXED ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT BASED ON A QUESTIONNAIRE DISTRIBUTED TO ORTHODONTISTS
Authors: Nardin Manuela , Ionescu Mihaela , Vladutu Diana-Elena , Rauten Anne-Marie , Daguci Luminita , Preoteasa Cristina Teodora , Done Alexandra , Mercut Veronica
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of bracket bond failure and to identify the risk factors as well as the most frequently affected teeth. A secondary objective of the study was to establish whether white spot lesions (WSL), are frequently encountered during orthodontic treatment, while also quantifying their distribution at the level of the teeth. Materials and methods. The present research represents a cross-sectional study based on a questionnaire disseminated using the Google Forms platform between January and April 2024 and addressed exclusively to orthodontists in Romania. The data collected through the questionnaire was initially entered into a database in Microsoft Excel. Subsequently, statistical processing was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program, version 26 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results. The questionnaire was completed by 113 orthodontists from different geographical areas of Romania. The majority of orthodontists reported 2 or 3 detached brackets at each orthodontic treatment (29.20% and 24.78%, respectively). Most frequently, orthodontists reported detachments from the level of several teeth (72.95%). Predisposed patients are male patients under 18 years of age during the first 6 months of treatment. Also, orthodontists observed that patients with Class II, division 2 anomalies had an increased likelihood of bracket detachment. According to the majority of respondents (67.26%), the posterior mandibular area is the most susceptible to bracket bond failures. The most common causes of bracket detachment were consumption of hard food and contact between the bracket and the opposite tooth, with 88.50% and 53.50% of orthodontists reporting these causes, respectively. Regarding the white spot lesions, 66.7% of orthodontists answered that these lesions appear mainly in the anterior maxillary area. Conclusions. Most of the detachments were reported at the level of the lower molars, the most frequently affected tooth being the first lower molar in quadrant IV. Potential risk factors for bracket detachment include age and gender of the patient, type of dento-maxillary anomaly, consumption of hard foods, contact between the bracket and the opposite tooth. As for the white spot lesions, they are associated with orthodontic treatment and appear mainly in the anterior maxillary area.
Moderation of Human Resource Competencies in Quality of Financial Statements: Application of Government Accounting Standards, Utilization of Information Technology, and Control Environment
Authors: Yamin Nina Yusnita , Lawaidjo Muhammad Rizki , . Ridwan
Published: January 2025

This study aims to examine and analyze the important role of human resource competence as a determinant of the quality of financial statements. In addition, this study also analyzes the effect of the application of government accounting standards, the use of information technology, and the control environment on the quality of financial statements. Sampling is based on the saturated sampling technique (census) with a total sample size of 120 samples. Respondents in this study were the Head of the Finance Subdivision, the Regional Government Information System (SIPD) Operator, and the Spending Treasurer at the Regional Apparatus Organization (OPD) of the Central Sulawesi Provincial Government. The analysis method used is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis and uses the warppls 7.0 application. The results of this study indicate that the application of government accounting standards contributes positively to the quality of financial statements. However, the use of information technology and the control environment do not have a significant effect on the quality of financial statements. Interestingly, human resource competence does not show significant results as a moderating variable. This study provides implications for efforts to improve the quality of government financial reports. Especially in developing the competence of Human Resources, especially in the fields of accounting and information technology.
Factors that Influence the Financial Performance of Conventional Banks
Authors: Sam Toong Hai , Machmuddah Zaky , Safitri Ayu , Rohman Abdul , Feng Li , Hong Zhu Yuan
Published: January 2025

In 2023, banking performance in Indonesia will slow down. This can cause potential investors and investors to reduce their interest in investing in banking in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to prove the factors that influence the financial performance of conventional banking in Indonesia. Data analysis using WarpPLS, with a sample of 235 observation data. The data was obtained from the predetermined sample selection process. This study has succeeded in proving that the financial performance of conventional banking is influenced by Operating Costs to Operating Revenue (OCOR) and Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR). While the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) does not affect it. The implication of this research is the importance of the role of regulators in regulating banking policies in Indonesia in terms of development governance, considering the opportunities and challenges of the increasingly complex business world today.
Exploring the Application of Green Chemistry in Textile Heritage Conservation and Restoration with the Example of Buzi
Authors: Zihan Xu , Lim Chen Kim , Jia Lyu , Ahmed Minhaz Farid , Tan Kian Lam
Published: January 2025

Textile conservation and restoration is challenged by environmental damage and the inadequacy of traditional methods, especially for precious textile heritage such as Buzi from the Ming and Qing dynasties. This study aimed to explore the application of green chemistry in textile heritage conservation and restoration by cleaning textiles gently and effectively, and also reinforcing, mending, and dyeing while reducing environmental impacts. It was found that methods such as green cleaning agents were valid in removing stains from Buzi, as well as maintained their texture and color integrity, and were environmentally friendly. Green chemistry methods show great potential to conserve heritage and reduce the environmental burden effectively. Green chemistry has a promising future in textile heritage conservation and restoration, contributing to the sustainable conservation and preservation of textile heritage.
The Impact of Remittances and Financial Development on Income Inequality: Evidence from Low- and Middle-Income Economies Using a Dynamic Panel Threshold
Authors: Mili Hela , Tarchoun Monaem
Published: January 2025

This article studies the connection between income inequality, financial development, and remittances for a sample of low- and middle-income nations. Few studies have examined how remittances and financial development simultaneously affect inequality; much of the research that has been done in this area focuses on the relationship between remittances and inequality or the relationship between financial development and inequality. The combined effect of these two on inequality has not, however, been explored in any of the recent studies. We add to the literature in a number of ways. The study used an econometric panel threshold  with  macroeconomic data  during the period 1990 to 2020. We analysed whether remittances and financial development work in conjunction or as a substitution for to reduce inequality. We discovered evidence that, in nations with higher levels of inequality, remittances substitute financial development. However, in nations with less severe inequality, remittances complement financial development to reduce inequality. Second, we found that the impact of remittances on substitution is greater than their complementing effect. Finally, we found that financial development and remittances have various effects because of the conditional distribution of disparities, even though prior research has claimed that these two factors have homogenous effects on inequalities
Data-Driven Innovation in Modern Laboratories: Harnessing Big Data for Better Outcomes
Authors: Almutairi Norah Ghazai , Almutairi Rehab Ghazai , Arab Nourah Farouq , AL-Muhaize Rawan Hussain , Albasri Afnan Saad , Alfifi Joharah Yahia , Alanazi Rahif Naif , Mubarak Asmahan Saeed , Ahmed Abdulrahman Nasser , Alyahya Mohammed khalid
Published: January 2025

Data-driven innovation has transformed the landscape of modern laboratories, offering unprecedented opportunities to enhance diagnostic accuracy, streamline operations, and accelerate research breakthroughs. By harnessing big data from diverse sources such as advanced laboratory instruments, electronic health records, and genomic sequencing, laboratories can optimize workflows, improve patient outcomes, and support personalized medicine. This article explores the role of technologies like artificial intelligence, machine learning, Internet of Things, and blockchain in leveraging big data for precision diagnostics, operational efficiency, and groundbreaking discoveries. It also examines the challenges laboratories face, including data integration, privacy concerns, and resource constraints, while offering recommendations to navigate these hurdles effectively. Looking ahead, data-driven approaches are poised to redefine the role of laboratories in healthcare and research, paving the way for innovation and better outcomes.
The Typology of Early Iron Age Settlements of Turkish Thrace
Authors:   Edirne Archaeology and Ethnography Museum, Doğan Umut M.
Published: January 2025

This study, based on the surveys conducted for the author's PhD thesis, provides data and suggestions on the geographical distribution of the Early Iron Age settlements in Turkish Thrace, which constitutes a significant part of Eastern Thrace. The area from which the data were obtained consists of: the valleys fed by two major rivers, the Maritsa (Meriç) and Tundzha (Tunca) rivers in the province of Edirne, the valleys fed by the Süloğlu stream, the region north of the Saros Gulf, the Tozakli Valley and its immediate surroundings, near the Pinarhisar district of the Kırklareli province. This study area is an important data area for the region as it covers both the inner Eastern Thrace close to the Istranca Mountains and the coasts of the Saros Gulf in the South.
During the surveys conducted between 2021 and 2023, the centres found in this region during previous surveys were revisited and examined, and new centres were identified.
The observations made on the settlement typology largely coincide with the Early Iron Age data from other parts of Thrace. In addition to small and medium sized unfortified settlements situated in the valleys, fortress type settlements located at certain points of the valleys and built high above the river level were also identified. These two settlement types suggest that the village and hamlet-type lowland settlements established on the ridges close to the river beds along the valleys in the Early Iron Age may have been connected to the administrative centres in the fortress-type settlements established on high places.
PENGARUH LEARNING ORIENTATION ORGANIZATION TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI DENGAN DYNAMIC CAPABILITY SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING PADA BADAN KEPEGAWAIAN DAERAH (BKD) PROVINSI RIAU
Authors: Yuliana Reza , Nirmala Ade Ria
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini dilakukan di Badan Kepegawaian Daerah (BKD) Provinsi Riau. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh Learning Orientation Organization terhadap Kinerja Pegawai dengan Dynamic Capability sebagai variabel intervening pada Badan Kepegawaian Daerah (BKD) Provinsi Riau. Adapun sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah Pegawai Badan Kepegawaian Daerah (BKD) Provinsi Riau sebanyak 103 orang Pegawai dengan menggunakan metode random sampling. Metode penentuan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik random sampling. Metode analisis data dalam penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode analisis jalur (Path analysis) dan data tersebut di analisis dengan menggunakan program Smart-PLS. Hasil dalam penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Learning Orientation Organization berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap Dynamic Capability, Learning Orientation Organization berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kinerja Pegawai, Dynamic Capability berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kinerja Pegawai dan Learning Orientation organization berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kinerja Pegawai melalui Dynamic Capability sebagai variabel intervening. Dan berdasarkan perhitungan R-Square sebesar 0,775 atau 77% sedangkan sisanya 23%  dipengaruhi variabel lainnya..
Gilsonovo in klasično tomistično razumevanje mogočega pri sv. Tomažu Akvinskem
Authors: Kerže Ivo
Published: January 2025

While possibles in the classical interpretation of St Thomas’s thought are endowed with a certain kind of reality, in Étienne Gilson’s interpretation they are radically deprived of it. The article analyses the problem through an explication of Gilson’s position regarding this matter as it is articulated in his fundamental works in the first place, and in the second place, through an elucidation of the classical Thomistic position as it can be found in the texts of Bañez, Cajetan, Garrigou-Lagrange and Maritain. Then, there is a confrontation of these two interpretations with St Thomas’s own texts where a special attention is devoted to those texts in which St Thomas adopts Avicenna’s views. In the context of this confrontation, a debate that was held many decades ago between two American Thomists, Father James I. Conway and Father William Norris Clarke, appears to be of singular interest. The result of this account is that the support St Thomas’s texts lend to Gilson’s interpretation is not at all unequivocal. His interpretation, in addition, avoids the confrontation with the Avicennian elements in St Thomas’s thought and seems to drop implicitly Aristotle’s doctrine about the many senses of being, in which the difference between act and potency is of first importance. Therefore, the classical interpretation seems to be more adequate.
Spolna vzgoja knezoškofa dr. Antona Bonaventure Jegliča
Authors:   Fakulteta za slovenske in mednarodne študije, Nova Univerza (Ljubljana, Slovenia), Ivešić Tomaž
Published: January 2025

At the Diocesan Synod of 1908, the Prince-Bishop of Ljubljana, Anton Bonaventura Jeglič, undertook to write booklets to teach the faithful the basics of the Catholic faith and morals. The project was broadly conceived and systematic. The target audience included both genders and all ages. However, Jeglič’s oversight during the publication of the first brochure, To Grooms and Brides, was exploited by liberals, who began an unrelenting campaign against him. By the end of 1909, the situation calmed down, and the following year Jeglič was able to write four more educational booklets for different groups of believers. The teachings in three of the aforementioned booklets – To Young Men (Volume II: Life According to the Faith), To Parents: Education Guidance, and To Young Women (Volume I: Christian Life) – are, on the one hand, based on Catholic moral teaching, but on the other hand, they also reflect the state of the profession at the time, as Jeglič read many medical books and writings.
Skrbni pregled varstva človekovih pravic in okolja v dobavnih verigah največjih gospodarskih družb: primer nemškega zakona o dobavnih verigah
Authors:   Fakulteta za državne in evropske študije, Nova univerza (Kranj, Slovenia), Letnar Černič Jernej
Published: January 2025

States and corporations increasingly recognize their negative and positive obligations to protect human rights and environment in the economy. The positive obligations of corporations also encompass the identification, monitoring, supervision, and implementation of measures to safeguard human rights and the environment within their supply chains. Given the interconnected nature of the global economy across multiple levels, numerous challenges arise in effectively ensuring human dignity. In recent years, some European countries have enacted domestic laws establishing environmental and human rights due diligence obligations in global supply chains. Among these, the German Supply Chain Act stands out as a model for implementing due diligence mechanisms in the supply chains of major corporations. This article examines its key concepts, highlights its advantages and shortcomings.
Effects of Information Communication Technology (ICT) on Instructional Competences of Teachers
Authors: Qomi Hazira , Khan Safar , Akhtar Zarina
Published: January 2025

Information Communication Technology (ICT) is the current expansion and advanced innovation of today's informative world, becoming a functional tool that manufactures the world into a virtual reality. The study focuses on understanding the need to enlarge teachers' education about ICT and its effects on teachers' instructional competencies. It is important to develop alternative approaches for teachers' preparation that reflect a holistic and integrated approach which addresses students' concerns for technology training and teachers' preparation programs due to the changing nature of the learning and teaching process in universities. Moreover, the research was a survey method and quantitative in nature. The research population were 63 teachers from the Faculty of Social Sciences at the International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. However, objectives of study were to identify the effective instructional competencies of teachers in using Information Communication Technology and to find out the effects of Information Communication Technology in enhancing teacher's instructional competencies at university level. Further, to collect data, closed-ended questionnaires were used, and descriptive statistic was used to analyse the data. The result discovered that it's easy to teach by using ICT, and teachers can create a positive and healthy atmosphere in the classroom by using Information Communication Technology. Teachers have the freedom to design their own teaching aids, but unfortunately, lack of ICT access prevents teachers from using them. The researcher recommended that university management should conduct seminars and workshops on ICT training for teachers so that they can teach their students with the help of Information Communication Technology.
The Pedagogical Competencies of Multi-Grade Teachers: A Literature Review
Authors: Minaz Maksal , Baig Ghazala Naheed , Ali Munsif
Published: January 2025

According to Anya (2013), multi-grade teaching may be defined as a process of teaching in which a single teacher teaches more than one grade at the same time and condition. The multi-grade approach can be analyzed with small-grade teaching, where an instructor is in charge of only a single grade in a multi-grade teaching order, which is arranged level-wise. The major aim of the study was to provide an understanding of Multi-Grade teaching. The major objectives of the current literature review were to provide the historical perspective of multi-grade teaching, to highlight the competencies of Multi-Grade school teachers, and to highlight the importance of multi-grade teaching with the consequence of the literature review. According to Siddiqi (2012), the aims of education are applied by instructors, and teaching design is a way to change this method and practice from instructor to learners. On the basis of the review, it was concluded (Moeini et al., 2016) that most elementary schools have almost one or two teachers who manage five classes at a time, which shows the pedagogical and professional competency of the teachers. It was further recommended that Due to the pedagogical competencies of teachers, the task is not difficult, but there is a need for regular training with incentives for the teachers to motivate them for such type of professional attitude.
Role of Curriculum-Content of Teacher Education in the Development of Core Teaching Competencies
Authors: Ahsan Saima , Butt Muqaddas
Published: January 2025

To identify the possible curriculum content (what type of content the prospective teachers have had), their own subjective opinions on what the content included and, in relation to that, how educational tasks/activities help in the development of teaching competencies. This article focused on evaluating the goals of three 'Foundational courses' out of the eight-course system. The research paper closely looked at teaching competency implementation by 3 university teachers and 5 prospective teachers who have been involved in preparing teaching competencies with the help of curriculum content since the start of the B.ED. The honors program's objectives are 3 "Foundational courses" out of eight courses. The research paper examined 3 university teachers and 5 prospective teachers who have been contributing to the development of teaching competencies by using curriculum content since the beginning of B.Ed. Honours program. Data was gathered through qualitative interviews, non-participant observations, and documents. The paper also concluded that curriculum content has a considerable contribution to the bolstering of core teaching competencies if it is delivered with intelligent objectives and accomplished by sophisticated educational enterprises. This study gathered primary data that showed students had heard about the official document of the program, clear criteria for assessment, and general and specific objectives of the program. That is why the analysis reveals that the professional use of content delivery and the tasks connected with it can stimulate students' activity and the acquisition of key teaching competencies in teacher education.
Comparative Study of Quality Assurance Mechanism in Legal Education in Pakistan, Malaysia and United Kingdom
Authors: Shah Sardar Ali , Arif Hina , Karim Saba , Bhatti Amir Latif , Ali Arif
Published: January 2025

Quality assurance (QA) in higher education plays a vital role in maintaining and enhancing academic standards. The quality assurance also ensures that graduates reach the necessary level of academic achievement. This importance has been emphasized by scholars such as Boon and Webb. In the face of challenges like globalization and financial constraints, QA becomes essential in helping educational institutions provide high-quality programs that meet the evolving needs of society. The process involves systematically managing and evaluating educational programs to ensure standards are met and that students are not misled by substandard qualifications. Governments and educational institutions must collaborate to implement QA mechanisms, ensuring accountability and transparency, particularly in the use of public resources. Countries like Malaysia, the UK, and Pakistan have developed their own QA systems. In Malaysia, the Malaysian Qualifications Agency (MQA) is responsible for QA, while in the UK, the Quality Assurance Agency (QAA) oversees academic standards. These agencies work to ensure that educational programs, including those in law, meet both national and international standards, safeguarding the quality and reputation of higher education. Through these QA systems, higher education institutions aim to fulfill stakeholder expectations and promote academic excellence. Unfortunately, the quality assurance mechanism in many countries fails to provide international standards. Pakistan is one these countries which is striving for the improvement in its quality assurance mechanism in legal education. This doctrinal research explores the quality assurance mechanism three countries. The paper ends with recommendations for improvement in quality assurance in weakest country’s legal education system.
Impact of Teacher Classroom Behavior on Academic Stress and School Adjustment of Students
Authors: Shahbaz Muhammad , Shah Muhammad , Ihsan Muhammad , Gul Mariyam
Published: January 2025

The current research aimed to assess the influence of teachers' behavior in the classroom on the academic stress and school adjustment of secondary school students in the Sargodha division. The primary objectives were to investigate the impact of teachers' classroom behavior on students' academic stress and school adjustment. This study took place in government secondary schools across four districts within the Sargodha Division. A descriptive research design was employed due to the nature of the study. A total of 372 students participated in the study. The researcher created three questionnaires: the Teacher’s Classroom Behavior Scale (TCBS), the Academic Stress Scale (ASS), and the School Adjustment Scale (SAS) for data collection. The instruments were validated by 10 experts in social sciences, while their reliability was established using Cronbach’s Alpha method. Various descriptive and inferential statistical methods were utilized to analyze the data gathered from the questionnaires. The findings revealed that, the impact of teachers' classroom behavior on students' academic stress and school adjustment was found to be significant.
Public School Teachers’ Opinion on Curriculum Reforms in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa between 2013-2018
Authors: Mehmood Madiha
Published: January 2025

The curriculum reforms refer to an action plan to improve the selection and organization of school knowledge and associated pupils learning. The curriculum reforms were made in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to promote literacy, enhance learning outcomes, and improve the standard of quality education across the province to align with global standards. These reforms encompassed significant changes, including the introduction of outcome-based education, the revision of textbooks to inculcate critical thinking and modern themes, and the implementation of the English language as a medium of instruction. The curriculum identifies the learning outcomes, standards, and core competencies that students must demonstrate prior to advancing to the next level. The government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa took substantial steps to introduce curriculum reforms to elevate the standard of quality education in the province. This study thus was prompted by a single significant question- what curriculum reforms were made in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa? The main objectives of the study were to explore curriculum reforms that took place and were implemented in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa during the years 2013 and 2018. The data for the study was collected from 40 schoolteachers of public schools. The participants were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The data were collected with the help of an interview guide with an open-ended questionnaire face-to-face, and in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted while focusing on the implementation of curriculum reforms and its perceived outcomes. Subsequently, the findings highlight the achievements and opportunities as well as the problems and difficulties that can be identified for future educational policy and development.
Understand and Find a Mechanism to Enhance the Power of App-based Food Delivery Riders in Thailand
Authors: Charoenloasiri Nakarin , Yimsook Narakate , Walsh Christine
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: To explore new possibilities for finding spaces that can support the opportunity for dialogue and exchange among food delivery workers on digital platforms, which will strengthen their collective efforts to demand rights for the group, instead of establishing a union that is not recognized by law. This is because food delivery workers are currently controlled by digital technology rather than working in traditional physical workplaces. In the case of Thailand, food delivery workers are not classified as employees with social protection rights and do not have the legal right to form a union or demand rights under labour laws. As a result, their voices are ignored, and they lack bargaining power to demand better working conditions.
Methods: The study employed a method of reviewing relevant academic documents, gathering data on the environment related to app-based food delivery workers, and synthesizing this information to explore the possibilities based on the actual conditions experienced by individuals in this occupation.
Results:  Although digital platforms disrupt the working conditions of food delivery workers, they can also serve as new public spaces for fostering community and advocacy. These online spaces enable workers to share experiences, discuss challenges, and collectively push for better working conditions and labour rights. By facilitating open dialogue and mutual support, these platforms can strengthen their collective voice, empowering workers to advocate for changes in their work environment.
Application of this study:  Food delivery workers can increase their bargaining power for labour rights by utilizing online spaces, as these can be free spaces from hierarchical legal structures. This can lead to demands arising from the consensus of the food delivery workers in the online system, empowering their collective voice to negotiate and protect their labour rights with authorities.
Conclusions: Establishing an online platform as a communicative space for food delivery riders is crucial for addressing the challenges they face, particularly their lack of bargaining power. This digital public space will serve as a vital forum for riders to share experiences, discuss common issues, and collectively determine goals, thereby fostering a sense of community and solidarity. By facilitating open dialogue and mutual understanding, such a platform empowers riders to advocate for improved working conditions and more labour rights. Ultimately, this participatory mechanism not only enhances their ability to negotiate with agencies but also strengthens their collective voice, promoting a sustainable and supportive work environment.
Price dynamics in Algeria; an estimation of the Phillips curve
Authors:   University of Bejaia, Algeria, MEZHOUD Warda , ACHOUCHE Mohamed ,   University of Bejaia, Algeria
Published: January 2025

This article provides analysis of the relationship between inflation, unemployment and the economic growth in the case of Algeria during period 1989/2013. The methodology used in this study is modeling VECM and modeling VAR. According to our results, there is no trace of the curve of Phillips for the Algerian case.