bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Burden of Influenza in Less Than 5-Year-Old Children Admitted to Hospital with Pneumonia in Developing and Emerging Countries: A Descriptive, Multicenter Study
Authors: Dananché Cédric , Sánchez Picot Valentina , Bénet Thomas , Messaoudi Mélina , Chou Monidarin , Wang Jianwei , Pape Jean-William , Awasthi Shally , Bavdekar Ashish , Rakoto-Andrianarivelo Mala , Sylla Mariam , Nymadawa Pagbajabyn , Russomando Graciela , Komurian-Pradel Florence , Endtz Hubert , Paranhos-Baccalà Gláucia , Vanhems Philippe , _ _
Published: April 2018

This descriptive 4-year study reports the proportion of detection of influenza viruses in less than 5-year-old children hospitalized for pneumonia in eight developing and emerging countries and describes clinical and microbiological characteristics of influenza-related pneumonia cases. Hospitalized children presenting radiologically confirmed pneumonia aged 2–60 months were prospectively enrolled in this observational standardized study. Mean proportion of isolated influenza virus was 9.7% (95% confidence interval: 7.9–11.8%) among 888 pneumonia children analyzed, with moderate heterogeneity between countries—ranging from 6.2% in Cambodia to 18.8% in Haiti. The clinical characteristics of children with influenza-related pneumonia were not substantially different from those of other pneumonia cases. Influenza A H1N1-related pneumonia cases appeared as more severe than pneumonia cases related to other strains of influenza. Streptococcus pneumoniae was detected more often in blood samples from influenza-related cases than in those without detected influenza viruses (19.7% versus 9.5%, P = 0.018). Influenza-related pneumonia is frequent among children less than 5 years old with pneumonia, living in developing and emerging countries. Influenza might be a frequent etiologic agent responsible for pneumonia or a predisposing status factor for pneumococcal-related pneumonia in this population.
Congenital Toxoplasmosis in Tunisia: Prenatal and Neonatal Diagnosis and Postnatal Follow-up of 35 Cases
Authors: Boudaouara Yosr , Aoun Karim , Maatoug Rania , Souissi Olfa , Bouratbine Aïda , Abdallah Rym Ben
Published: April 2018

Congenital toxoplasmosis (CT) results from transplacental passage of Toxoplasma gondii to the fetus during acute maternal infection. Our study aims to report clinical and biological patterns of 35 cases of CT diagnosed at the department of the Parasitology of the Pasteur Institute of Tunis and to access the performance of prenatal and early postnatal diagnosis techniques. Serological screening of maternal infection was performed by Immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG detection and IgG avidity determination. Prenatal diagnosis was based on both Toxoplasma DNA detection in the amniotic fluid and monthly ultrasound examinations. polymerase chain reaction analysis on amniotic fluid, performed only in 15 cases, detected Toxoplasma’s DNA in five cases (33.3%). Ultrasound examination did not reveal any morphological abnormalities. Thirty newborns had serological criteria of Toxoplasma infection. Congenital toxoplasmosis diagnosis was confirmed in 23 cases (76.6%) by immunoblot. Among the 35 born-infants, five (14.3%) were symptomatic: three had chorioretinitis at the first clinical ocular examination, one had neurological symptoms (seizures) with positive parasite DNA in cerebral spinal fluid, and one had both ophthalmological and neurological damages— chorioretinitis and intracranial calcifications in the computed tomography scan. Thirty-four of 35 infected children were treated with pyrimethamine–sulfadiazine combination. Four (11.7%) of the treated infants showed abnormal hematological values because of the treatment side effect. Serological rebound was observed in seven infants. A screening program and a diagnostic algorithm in pregnant women should be implemented in Tunisia to improve the follow-up of seronegative ones and to prevent CT cases.
Barriers to Participation in a Community-Based Program to Control Transmission of Taenia solium in Peru
Authors: Beam Michelle , Spencer Angela , Fernandez Lauralee , Atto Ruth , Muro Claudio , Vilchez Percy , Gamboa Ricardo , Olaya Sandra , Ayvar Viterbo , Gonzalez Armando E. , Garcia Hector H. , O’Neal Seth E. , _ _
Published: April 2018

Infection of the brain with Taenia solium larvae (neurocysticercosis) is a leading cause of preventable epilepsy worldwide. Effective and sustainable strategies to control parasite transmission in rural endemic communities are needed to prevent the disease. Surveillance and targeted intervention around infected pigs (ring control strategy) have been shown to be effective when carried out by research teams. However, this strategy has not been implemented or tested as a community-based program. In this small trial in northern Peru, eight villages were randomly assigned to community-led surveillance and treatment (five villages, 997 residents) or control (three villages, 1,192 residents). In intervention villages, community-led surveillance and reporting were promoted by community health workers, radio advertisement, and school and household education. Each suspected pig infection was verified, with confirmed cases resulting in treatment with niclosamide for taeniasis and oxfendazole for pigs in clusters of homes nearby. No incentives beyond human and pig treatment were offered. Control villages received basic disease education but no treatment intervention in response to reports. Despite 14 case reports, community-based replication of ring control strategy did not replicate prior results. After 12 months, there was no change in seroincidence in intervention villages between the baseline and study end, and no difference compared with control villages. There was no difference in prevalence of taeniasis or porcine cysticercosis at study end. Community members described lack of knowledge as the main reason for not reporting infected pigs. Further exploration of methods to transfer ring strategy and other control interventions for cysticercosis to the community is needed.
Inclusión de la perspectiva de género en el campo proyectual
Authors: Flesler Griselda , Durán Valeria , Gugliottella Gabriela
Published: April 2018

En este breve trabajo se describe el proceso de inclusión de la perspectiva de género en la Facultad de Arquitectura, Diseño y Urbanismo (FADU) de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) en el ámbito académico a partir de la primera materia de Diseño y Estudios de Género, de la creación de la Unidad de Género y la aplicación del “Protocolo de acción institucional para la prevención e intervención ante situaciones de violencia o discriminación de género u orientación sexual” aprobado por la UBA a fines de 2015, por impulso de agrupaciones estudiantiles y docentes feministas.
De Beijing a la Agenda 2030: aprendizajes para la transversalidad del enfoque GED o “Género en desarrollo” en las políticas públicas
Authors: San Miguel Abad Nava
Published: April 2018

El artículo contiene una reflexión sobre la internacionalización de las propuestas del feminismo en las agendas de Naciones Unidas, y de manera especial en la Declaración y Plataforma de Acción de Beijing, resultado de la IV Conferencia Mundial sobre las mujeres: Igualdad, Desarrollo y Paz, celebrada en 1995, y desde entonces hasta la aprobación de la Agenda 2030 en la Asamblea General de la ONU en septiembre de 2015.

Esta propuesta busca extraer aprendizajes de la aplicación de las medidas planteadas en la Plataforma de Beijing para las políticas pública en diferentes países del mundo, a lo largo de los 20 años transcurridos desde 1995 a 2015. A partir de las conclusiones obtenidas, se plantean recomendaciones en un itinerario en 7 pasos que pueda ser de utilidad para simplificar la aplicación de la Agenda 2030 para la transversalidad de género en las políticas públicas y de desarrollo en las diferentes regiones del mundo.
Educación y Género
Authors: Garza Guerra María Taide
Published: April 2018

En México, en el Diario Oficial de la Federación del día 2 de agosto del año 2006, fue publicada la Ley General para la Igualdad entre Mujeres y Hombres, disposición de orden público, interés social, observancia general en todo el Territorio Nacional, tiene por objeto regular y garantizar la igualdad de oportunidades, trato entre mujeres y hombres, proponer lineamientos, mecanismos institucionales que orienten a la Nación hacia el cumplimiento de la igualdad sustantiva en los ámbitos público y privado, promoviendo el empoderamiento de las mujeres y la lucha contra toda discriminación basada en el sexo. Esto significa que en el País, legislativamente hablando se está acorde con la normatividad vigente a nivel Internacional a fin de brindarles a las mujeres la igualdad de oportunidades en cuanto a educación se refiere en el presente tema. Si bien es cierto que existe esta normatividad congruente a nivel internacional, de igual forma lo es que desafortunadamente para niñas y mujeres de diferentes edades el recibir educación con igualdad de oportunidades es a la fecha una necesidad imperante, motivada por diferentes factores; por lo que se desarrollarán algunos de ellos para conocer los aspectos en los que aún hace falta otorgarles mayores oportunidades.
Presentación
Authors: Puchades Pla Rosa
Published: April 2018

Presentación del segundo número de la revista Ciencia, Técnica y Mainstreaming Social (CITECMA).
Sporen van en naar filosofie en filosoferen in het Vlaamse secundair onderwijs
Authors: Galle Griet
Published: April 2018

Traces of and tracks towards philosophy and philosophizing in Flemish secondary education

At present philosophy has only a minor place in the Flemish secondary education curriculum. In the first part of the article, I defend the view that philosophy deserves a place as an autonomous subject in the final two years of secondary school. I sketch the content of such a philosophy course and I propose a didactical model for this course. The second part of the article discusses social tendencies that explain the current debate over whether there should be more philosophy in secondary schools. In the third part I try to explain why philosophy still lacks a structural place in Flemish secondary education. Finally I present a survey of ‘traces’ of philosophy and philosophizing in Flemish secondary education and I formulate a conclusion.
Naar het einde van een zwerftocht
Authors: van Geest Paul
Published: April 2018

Towards the end of a ramble: transfer of knowledge, embracing values and the teaching profession according to Augustine

In this article the first traces of Augustine’s desire to be not only a teacher but also, in conjunction with this, a writer of protreptics are pointed out in his Soliloquia and his De catechizandis rudibus. Protrepsis and first catechesis need to coincide. In De catechizandis rudibus, he advised deacon Deogratias to clarify the Last Judgement and the resurrection of the body. These two doctrines were both a pièce de resistance for pagans, and therefore also for rudes. The choice of these doctrines demonstrates Augustine’s attempt to have the deacon adopt a protreptic approach in his first catechesis – possibly without Deogratias even knowing it himself. There was no chance that the beginners would already be truly acquainted with these essential aspects of the Christian view of the world and of the future. As it turns out, the line between protrepsis and catechesis is a very fine one in this case.
De beste truc om kritisch te leren denken
Authors: de Regt Herman
Published: April 2018

The Best Trick to Teach Critical Thinking. How philosophy of science and magic make young people resilient to nonsense.

In a world of ‘alternative facts’ and fact-free opinions, all readily available through the internet, young people can easily fall prey to nonsense, thus running the risk to act on false information. Critical thinking is usually seen as a remedy against accepting and acting on such falsehoods. Under a pragmatist-naturalist interpretation of science, critical thinking is synonymous with scientific inquiry. Magic tricks in the classroom seem to trigger, in an attractive and accessible way, the scientific process of inquiry in students. Two examples are discussed. Provisional results look promising enough to further explore the use of magic tricks in the classroom to train critical thinking in young people.
Hoe kan waardegeladen kritisch denken worden onderwezen in filosofische gesprekken?
Authors: Rombout Floor , Schuitema Jaap , Volman Monique
Published: April 2018

How to teach value-loaded critical thinking in philosophical classroom discussions?

An important aim of education is that students learn to think critically about moral issues. Philosophy is one of the subjects that is expected to contribute to this aim, because of its subject matter and the dialogic teaching methods. The aim of this study is to explore how philosophical classroom discussions can promote value-loaded critical thinking. First, we discuss the work of Dewey, Arendt and Habermas on moral reasoning and educational literature on critical thinking, in order to find characteristics of philosophical classroom discussions in which students engage in value-loaded critical thinking. These characteristics are: the discussions are 1) genuine dialogues, in which 2) logical reasoning and 3) moral values are addressed in 4) a transfer-oriented manner. Second, we translate these characteristics into teaching strategies, based on empirical research complemented with examples from philosophical classroom discussions. We conclude that philosophical classroom discussions might promote value-loaded critical thinking by open and critical investigation of values; with an emphasis on logically valid reasoning (in the context of meaningful examples). However, we recommend further development of teaching strategies for perspective-taking, de- and recontextualisation, and reflection.
Hoe kunnen we leren te filosoferen?
Authors: Wessels Hans
Published: April 2018

How can we learn to philosophize?

Classroom teaching in philosophy in secondary education has two aims: learning the names and positions of the great philosophers, and doing philosophy or real ‘philosophizing’. In this article doing philosophy is seen as training in specific ‘thinking skills’ that provides ‘slow thinking’ in the classroom. A Dutch model of these philosophical thinking skills is presented consisting of four categories of thinking skills which are derived from classical philosophical methods as phenomenology, hermeneutics, dialectics and analytical philosophy. Slow thinking can be reached when: a) these categories of thinking skills are trained successfully, b) the training in analytical thinking skills is followed by a fifth category of thinking skills in which a conclusion or decision must be formulated as well as the reason for the conclusion. Analysis shows that four of the five thinking skills are clearly recognizable in the dialogue Laches of Plato.
Clutter Mitigation, Multiple Peaks, and High-Order Spectral Moments in 35-GHz Vertically Pointing Radar Velocity Spectra
Authors: Williams Christopher R. , Maahn Maximilian , Hardin Joseph C. , de Boer Gijs
Published: April 2018

Abstract. This study presents three separate processing methods to improve high-order moments estimated from 35-GHz (Ka-band) vertically pointing radar Doppler velocity spectra. The first method removes Doppler shifted ground clutter from spectra collected by a US Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program Ka-band zenith pointing radar (KAZR) deployed at Oliktok Point, Alaska. Multiple pathways through antenna side-lobes and reflections off a rotating scanning radar antenna located 2 m away from KAZR caused Doppler shifts in ground clutter returns from stationary targets 2.5 km away. After removing clutter in the recorded velocity spectra, the second processing method identifies multiple atmospheric peaks in the spectra and estimates high-order moments for each unique peak. Multiple peaks and high-order moments were estimated for both original 2-s and 15-s averaged spectra. The third processing method improves the spectrum breadth, skewness, and kurtosis estimates by removing 2-s velocity variability during 15-s averaging intervals. Assuming the cloud and precipitation microphysical properties do not change during the 15-s interval, shifting individual 2-s spectra to a common 15-s mean velocity before averaging removes 2-s temporal scale turbulent broadening. Consistent with previous studies, this work found that spectrum skewness assuming only a single spectral peak was a good indicator of two hydrometeor populations (for example, cloud and drizzle particles) being present in the radar pulse volume. Yet, after dividing the spectrum into multiple peaks, velocity spectrum skewness for individual peaks is near zero, indicating nearly symmetric peaks. This suggests that future studies should use velocity skewness of single peak spectra as an indicator of possible multiple peaks and then use multiple-peak moments for quantitative studies.
Rapid Phase Transfer of DOC and DIC Transport in a Subtropical Small Mountainous River
Authors: Shih Yu-Ting , Chen Pei-Hao , Lee Li-Chin , Liao Chien-Sen , Jien Shih-Hao , Shiah Fuh-Kwo , Lee Tsung-Yu , Hein Thomas , Zehetner Franz , Chang Chung-Te , Huang Jr-Chuan
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Transport of riverine dissolved carbon (including DOC and DIC) is a crucial process which links terrestrial and aquatic C storages, but is rarely examined in small subtropical mountainous rivers. This study monitored DOC and DIC concentrations on a biweekly basis during regular flow period and at 3-hour intervals during two typhoons in 3 small mountainous rivers in southwestern Taiwan between Jan 2014 and Aug 2016. A hydrological model, HBV, and three end-member mixing model were applied to determine the quantities of DOC and DIC transport from different flowpaths. The results showed that the annual DOC and DIC fluxes were 2.7–4.8 and 48.4–54.3 ton-C km−2 yr−1, which were 2- and 20 times higher than the global mean of 1.4 and 2.6 ton-C km−2 yr−1. The DIC / DOC ratio was 14.08, much higher than the mean (1.86) of large rivers worldwide, indicating the high rates of chemical weathering and/or low rates of decomposition in this region. Two typhoons contributed 12–14 % of the annual streamflow in only 3 days (~ 1.0 % of the annual time), whereas 15.0–23.5 % and 9.2–12.6 % of the annual DOC and DIC flux, respectively, suggested that typhoons play a more important role on DOC transport than DIC transport. End-member mixing model suggested that DOC export was mainly from surface runoff, while DIC transport was mainly through deep groundwater. The unique patterns seen in Taiwan SMRs characterized by high dissolved carbon flux, high DIC / DOC ratio, and large transport by intense storms should be taken into consideration when estimating global carbon budgets.
Teaching and Researching Ethically: Guidance for Instructor-Researchers, Educational Developers, and Research Ethics Personnel
Authors: McGinn Michelle K
Published: April 2018

Despite now long-standing recognition of the value and importance of the scholarship of teaching and learning, questions continue to be raised about how to satisfy the hybrid responsibilities of teaching and research. The key message of this paper is that instructor-researchers, educational developers, and research ethics personnel should consider two key guidance documents in tandem: the Society for Teaching and Learning in Higher Education’s statement on Ethical Principles in University Teaching (Murray, Gillese, Lennon, Mercer, & Robinson, 1996) and the Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans (Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, & Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, 2014). Together these documents provide much needed guidance for teaching and researching ethically.
Bien que la valeur et l’importance de l’avancement des connaissances en enseignement et en apprentissage soient reconnues depuis longtemps, on continue à se poser des questions pour savoir comment satisfaire les doubles responsabilités d’enseignement et de recherche. Le message principal de cet article est que les instructeurs-chercheurs, les conseillers pédagogiques et le personnel d’éthique de la recherche devraient prendre en considération deux documents principaux d’orientation en tandem : la déclaration de la Société pour l’avancement de la pédagogie dans l’enseignement supérieur sur les « Principes éthiques dans l’enseignement universitaire » (Ethical Principles in University Teaching - Murray, Gillese, Lennon, Mercer, & Robinson, 1996) et « Énoncé de politique des trois Conseils : Éthique de la recherche avec des êtres humains » (Conseil de recherches en sciences humaines du Canada, Conseil de recherches en sciences naturelles et en génie du Canada, & Instituts de recherche en santé du Canada, 2014). Ensemble, ces documents fournissent une orientation utile pour enseigner et mener des recherches de manière éthique.
“We Learn by Doing”: Teaching and Learning Knowledge Translation Skills at the Graduate Level
Authors: Breen Andrea V. , Twigger Kate , Duvieusart-Déry Caroline , Boulé Jessica , Borgo Alessia , Fernandes Reisha , Lychek Mercerina , Ranby Sarah , Scott Christine , Whitehouse Emma
Published: April 2018

Knowledge Translation (KT) is increasingly a requirement for scholars and non-academics working in applied settings. However, few programs provide explicit training in KT. In this article we systematically explore our experiences as a multi-disciplinary group of course facilitators and students in a newly redeveloped graduate course in Evidence Based Practice and Knowledge Translation. The course was designed to emphasize hands-on learning, collaboration and community engagement. We reflect on the challenges we faced and the skills, knowledge and opportunities that students gained as they developed and implemented community-based KT strategies relating to refugee resettlement, young carers, and consumer attitudes, behaviour and values around food purchasing decisions. We conclude by providing recommendations for instructors and institutions for implementing learning experiences in KT that are designed for real-world impact.
L’application des connaissances (AC) est devenue une exigence de plus en plus fréquente pour les chercheurs et les personnes qui travaillent dans les milieux non universitaires. Toutefois, peu de programmes offrent une formation explicite en AC. Dans cet article, nous explorons systématiquement nos expériences en tant que groupe pluridisciplinaire formé de responsables de cours et d’étudiants dans un cours de cycle supérieur nouvellement remanié portant sur la pratique fondée sur les données probantes et l’application des connaissances. Le cours a été conçu pour mettre en valeur l’apprentissage pratique, la collaboration et l’engagement communautaire. Nous réfléchissons aux défis auxquels nous avons été confrontés ainsi qu’aux compétences, aux connaissances et aux opportunités que les étudiants ont acquis en développant et mettant en pratique des stratégies d’AC en milieu communautaire sur les thèmes de la réinstallation des réfugiés, des jeunes aidants et des attitudes, comportements et valeurs des consommateurs en matière d’achat de produits alimentaires. En conclusion, nous présentons des recommandations à l’intention des enseignants et des établissements pour la mise en pratique d’expériences en AC qui soient conçues pour avoir un effet dans le monde réel.
Navigating the Tensions of Innovative Assessment and Pedagogy in Higher Education
Authors: Lock Jennifer , Kim Beaumie , Koh Kim , Wilcox Gabrielle
Published: April 2018

Innovative practice in a classroom adds challenges and tensions to programs and institutional structures in higher education. With the recent emphasis on curricula reform, there is a great focus on assessment and pedagogical practices to support student learning. To illustrate the tensions arising from these efforts, we present four pedagogical and assessment innovation approaches using both Shulman’s (2005) Signature Pedagogies and Tatar’s (2007) Design Tensions frameworks. The four approaches include problem-based learning, game-based learning, case-based learning, and technology-enhanced learning. A narrative for each approach examines and addresses tensions using Shulman’s (2005) surface, deep and implicit structures. We argue that there is an interconnected complexity and conflicting visions among the micro- (e.g., classroom or practicum), meso- (e.g., program), and macro- (e.g., institution) levels. We acknowledge that dynamic tensions continually exist and needs to be thoughtfully navigated in support of innovative assessment and pedagogies in higher education.
Dans l’enseignement supérieur, les pratiques innovatrices en salle de classe ajoutent des défis et des tensions aux programmes et aux structures institutionnelles. Suite à l’importance accrue récemment attachée à la réforme des programmes d’études, l’accent est mis sur l’évaluation et les pratiques pédagogiques pour soutenir l’apprentissage des étudiants. Afin d’illustrer les tensions qui découlent de ces efforts, nous présentons quatre approches de pédagogie et d’évaluation innovatrices qui font appel à la fois aux cadres de Shulman, Signature Pedagogies (2005), et à ceux de Tatar, Design Tensions (2007). Les quatre approches comprennent l’apprentissage par problèmes, l’apprentissage fondé sur le jeu, l’apprentissage basé sur des cas et l’apprentissage amélioré par les technologies. Chaque approche est examinée et traite des tensions qui en découlent en faisant appel aux structures de surface, profondes et implicites de Shulman (2005). Nous soutenons qu’il existe une complexité inter-connectée et des visions conflictuelles aux niveaux micro (par ex. en salle de classe ou durant les stages), meso (par ex. dans les programmes) et macro (par ex. au niveau de l’établissement). Nous reconnaissons que les tensions dynamiques existent de façon continue et doivent être soigneusement examinées pour soutenir l’évaluation et les pédagogies innovatrices dans l’enseignement supérieur.
Earnings Smoothing and Bankruptcy Risk in Liquidating Private Firms
Authors: Shabani Nor Afifah , Sofian Saudah
Published: April 2018

Smooth earnings are preferred by managers and creditors because they represent a stable business operations as well as low loan default risks and thus creditors reward firms which have smooth earnings with better loan covenant terms and lower interest rates. Nonetheless, recent literature shows that earnings smoothing in public firms is associated with stock price crash risk. Using Altman Z” score to measure firm’s specific bankruptcy risk, this study examines the association between accrual earnings smoothing and bankruptcy risk in liquidating private firms in UK and finds that earnings smoothing significantly negatively affects those firms' bankruptcy risk. The finding implies that financially distressed firms engage with less earnings smoothing, possibly because they do not have the opportunity to engage in accrual earnings smoothing anymore. Nonetheless, further examination shows that these firms engage less with earnings smoothing because they are being monitored by external creditors, indicated by significantly high leverage during the last period before they are being liquidated.
Tea Polyphenols Selectively Inhibit Proliferation and Migration of Airway Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Yang Mengmeng , Liang Fang , Xu Defeng , Wang Yue , Zhou Huan , E Wagner Darcy , Liu Lei
Published: April 2018

Airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) have been recommended as a target for the treatment of inflammation and narrowing of the airways in asthma. New safe and efficient approaches to relieve symptoms caused by ASMCs is highly desired. Inspired by the inhibitory effects of tea polyphenols on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), tea polyphenols were applied in the current work to evaluate their regulation of ASMCs in vitro. A dose-dependent decrease of ASMCs density was observed after 24 h incubation with tea polyphenols. Additionally, ASMCs were significantly more sensitive to tea polyphenols than human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs). Tea polyphenol treatment led to a dose dependent inhibition on ASMC migration and reduced the gene expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). In studies which compared the four main polyphenolic constituents of tea polyphenols—including epicatechin (EC), epicatechingallate (ECG), epigallocatechin (EGC) and epigallocatechingallate (EGCG)—on the proliferation of ASMCs, EGC was identified as being the most potent. These results suggest tea polyphenols are a promising agent for ASMCs targeted asthma control.
Competing Through Employee Engagement: A Strategic Perspective of Human Resources Agenda
Authors: Wahyuningsih Rr. Sri Handari , Sudiro Achmad , Troena EkaAfnan , Irawanto Dodi W
Published: April 2018

This is a general review-based study with finding of research is some analysis from previews research. The author conducted a critical review based on empirical study to understand strategic perspective of developing employee engagement from human resources management. The findings showed that Improvement of business competitiveness requires a paradigm of strategic human resource management placing employees as the key factor of success to drive competitiveness. In addressing this challenge, having employee engagement as the key factor of success is strategic human resource agenda. HR managers need to pay more attention about antecedent of employee engagement in order to develop appropriate programs for business competitiveness. Based on previous research studies, this paper provides a conceptual framework that can be used as reference for future research and stimulating programs of HR department for organizational competitiveness building.The most important contribution of this paper is an introduction of new paradigm of strategic human resources agenda to developing programs in attempt of driving organizational competitiveness in unstable environment.
How Do Agency Theory, Stewardship Theory and Intellectual Capital as a Solution for Agency Conflict?
Authors: Rahmawati Alni , Moeljadi Moeljadi , Djumahir Djumahir , Sumiati Sumiati
Published: April 2018

The article aims to integrate agency theory, stewardship theory and intellectual capital in minimizing agencies conflict. The theories were approached by identifying organizational principles according to perspective of shareholders, then comparison of applications of agency theory, stewardship theory and intellectual capital contributing to the principal relationship with the agent in minimizing agencies conflict in order to contribute to enhancement of corporate value was discussed and empirical studies on perspectives of agency, stewardship and intellectual capital perspective specialized in  human capital and structural capital were examined. The deep study of the theories concluded, it is necessary to integrate agency theory and stewardship theory and intellectual capital in effort of minimizing agencies conflict and enhancing corporate value. Further, it can be suggested that perspective of agency theory explains the importance of multi-principles framework, with perspectives of stewardship theory and intellectual capital showing a situation in which agent has the same interest as principle or to be motivated to make action for the sake of the best interest of the principal in minimizing agencies conflict and enhancing value of the company. Empirical literature can add more thoughts on agency issues integrated with stewardship theory and intellectual capital that can contribute to the study of the issues.
Fontcuberta, Mar de. La noticia. Pistas para percibir el mundo ; Martín Barbero, Jesús y Silva, Armando (comps.) Proyectar la comunicación
Authors: Martel Roxana , Marroquín Amparo
Published: April 2018

No absttract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 80, 2001: 241-244
Karl R. Popper y la controversia «explicación-comprensión»
Authors: Réserve Roody
Published: April 2018

No absttract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 81, 2001: 301-317
En busca de una (po)ética: Roque Dalton
Authors: Alvarenga Luis
Published: April 2018

No absttract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 81, 2001: 351-365
Un diagnóstico político para El Salvador, 2001
Authors: Artiga-González Álvaro
Published: April 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 82, 2001: 445-465
Somos inevitablemente morales
Authors: Cortina Adela
Published: April 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 82, 2001: 519-527
Ética y política: entre la utopía y la justicia social
Authors: Sidekum Antonio , Alvarenga Luis
Published: April 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 82, 2001: 529-550
Exiliados interiores
Authors: Montoya Aquiles
Published: April 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 82, 2001: 551-557
COMPORTAMENTO SILVICULTURAL DE ESPÉCIES FLORESTAIS EM ARRANJO PARA INTEGRAÇÃO PECUÁRIA FLORESTA
Authors: Nieri Erick Martins , Macedo Renato Luiz Grisi , Martins Thales Guilherme vaz , Melo Lucas Amaral de , Venturin Regis Pereira , Venturin Nelson
Published: April 2018

Objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar o comportamento silvicultural de sete espécies florestais introduzidas em arranjo inicial para sistema de integração pecuária-floresta sobre pastagem degradada em Lavras, Minas Gerais. O trabalho foi instalado em delineamento de blocos casualizados em quatro repetições, 48 plantas úteis por parcela, em arranjo de (3(3x2)+7x2) m. Avaliaram-se as espécies florestais Acacia mangium Willd, Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess, Dipteryx alata Vogel, Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis (1528 e GG100), Khaya senegalensis A. Juss, Tectona grandis L. e dois materiais de Toona ciliata M. Roemer, propagados por meio vegetativo e via semente. As espécies foram selecionadas, principalmente, pelo valor econômico da madeira, taxa de crescimento em áreas degradadas e múltiplos usos. O comportamento silvicultural foi realizado aos 52 meses pela mensuração da sobrevivência, diâmetro à altura do peito, altura total, volume de madeira e área de projeção de copa, sendo analisados por meio do software R. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que as espécies apresentaram diferente comportamento silvicultural, destacando a adaptação e rusticidade dos híbridos de Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis e Acacia mangium Willd. Contudo, dentre as espécies testadas, o híbrido de Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis (GG100 e 1528), A. mangium e T. ciliata clonal apresentaram melhor comportamento silvicultural, com o maior potencial de utilização em sistema de integração pecuária-floresta no arranjo (3(3x2)+7x2) m em pastagem degradada, nas condições edafoclimáticas de Lavras.
“I’ve Got My Haunts”: Jam Communities, Individual Repertoires, and the Folk Process in Michigan
Authors: Rohs Steve
Published: April 2018

Music jams in Michigan present challenges to participating musicians to discover and learn musical repertoires. While such forms of “participatory” music are socially welcoming, full engagement and participation require folksingers and instrumentalists to search out songs and tunes in face-to-face and digital encounters. As they do so, musicians enact folk processes in which they negotiate with archival and digital institutions in order to forge their own vernacular musical voices. As a social endeavor, many find these processes empowering, enabling them to contribute to group archives, forge strong social identities, and re-evaluate older or abandoned musical resources.
Vernacular Dialectics: Spiritual Practices of Tsaddik Veneration by Secular Israelis
Authors: Sarfati Liora
Published: April 2018

Vernacular dialectic reasoning reconciles contradictions in people’s lives. It involves an amalgam of emotion, belief, and intuition, as well as structures and intentions similar to formal dialectics and scientific thinking. In contemporary Israel, many self-proclaimed secular Jews use vernacular dialectics to avoid confronting stark contradictions between their pilgrimages to the graves of Jewish saints (tsaddikirm), their virtual practices of tsaddik veneration, and prevailing rational assumptions in their secular daily lives.
Dr Henryk Jordan’s Park as an Example of
Pioneering Physical Culture Work in Poland
Authors: Noga Robert
Published: April 2018

Henryk Jordan – who lived in Cracow at the turn
of 19th and 20th century – was a well-known and esteemed
medical doctor, social and political activist
as well as an art patron and publicist. His most prominent
heritage is a city park named after him. At
the time it was a location where pioneering work
promoting physical culture among youngsters took
place. First trainings started in 1889 and instantly
became popular. Trainings were carefully organized
and combined physical training with a promotion
of a patriotism. At the beginning of 1890’s Jordan
introduced football which became very popular
amongst male teenagers. Football became a part of
trainings and competitions, and after a while organized
football teams started to play in the park.
This was a starting point of the oldest still existing
Polish football clubs: Cracovia and Wisła. Jordan’s
ideas inspired others, and soon many other cities in
Poland. Jordan’s park exists until today, however, it
plays a role of a popularizing recreational spot in
the city centre. In other cities, so-called “Jordan’s
gardens” became playgrounds for children.
An Influence of Hemodialysis Treatment
on the Biological Functioning of Patients
Authors: Grochowska Aneta , Kołpa Małgorzata , Tokarz Elżbieta
Published: April 2018

Introduction: Among civilisation diseases of the 21st century, which include diabetes,
hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and obesity, we should also mention
chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of the paper. The aim of the paper is to
discover the relation between hemodialysis treatment and the biological aspect of the
functioning of patients treated for chronic renal failure.
Materials and methods: The survey was conducted in Tarnów, in the Dialysis Unit
of Edward Szczeklik Specialist Hospital from 28 January to 3 March 2015. The survey
included a group of 35 patients dialysed in that centre, aged 40-86. The other
group consisted of 39 patients dialysed in Centrum Dializa (Dialysis Centre), Brzesko
Branch, aged 25-84. A short questionnaire was used for the research, which included
questions concerning sociodemographic data of the surveyed patients and the
Kidney Disease Quality of Life form (KDQOL-SF 1.3) developed in 1994, intended
for cross-section assessment of HRQOL of patients undergoing renal replacement
therapy.
Results: Renal r eplacement treatment makes it difficult for p atients to perform
a number of everyday activities. According to the majority of the survey participants,
the most limited was covering a few floors by stairs – 96%, covering the distance of
more than 1 km – 91%, covering the distance of about 500 m – 87%, covering one
floor by stairs – 69%. The dialysed patients assessed their health negatively. According
to the survey participants, the average assessment of their general health was M
= 4.11 (with standard deviation SD = 0.39). Women statistically significantly worse
assessed their health than men (p=0.031). Conclusions: The findings of the conducted research prove that in spite of the constant medical progress and improvements in the equipment and ways of performing
hemodialysis, patients feel discomfort on many levels, including the physical one.
The influence of excessive body mass on the setting of the lower limbs in 9-11-year-old children
Authors: Jankowicz-Szymanska Agnieszka , Mikołajczyk Edyta , Kołpa Małgorzata
Published: April 2018

Introduction: Childhood obesity adversely affects the development of the musculoskeletal system. The purpose of the study was to find out correlation between excessive body weight, the knee misalignment and the height of foot arches in the 9-11-year-olds. Materials and methods: A total of 160 children from randomly selected schools participated in the study in which their body weight, height and the body fat percentage (BFP) were measured, and BMI and foot arching and knee alignment were observed. Genu valgum was assessed when the intermalleolar distance in the standing position with the knees in contact was larger than 5 cm. The height of the longitudinal arch of each foot was measured by Arch Index. Pes planus was diagnosed when the area of the middle third of the footprint was bigger than 28% of the entire footprint area. Results: Excessive body weight was discovered in almost 27% of participants. Genu valgum was typical of 5% of children with healthy body weight and almost of 56% of children with overweight and obesity. The incidence of pes planus was also greater in overweight and obese participants and it was more prevalent in the left foot. Participants with healthy body weight more often had hollow feet. Conclusions: More than a quarter of 9-11-year-old participants were overweight or obese. Excessive body weight increased the risk of developing by them genu valgum and pes planus. Physical activity recommended to obese children should consist of body posture correction exercises including improvement of lower extremities alignment.
Life and work of outstanding polish
physicians in the Renaissance period
Authors: Supady Jerzy
Published: April 2018

In the sixteenth-century Poland during the Renaissance period, there were numerous
outstanding physicians who, in addition to studying at the Cracow Academy, burnished
their proffessional skills also at foreign universities, mostly Italian. Among
the contemporary medics, four extraordinary scholars are worth reminding: Maciej of Miechów, Josephus Strusthius, Wojciech Oczko and Sebastian Petrycy of Pilzno.
What all of the mentioned had in common was a great desiere for knowledge, diligence,
commitment to professional and scientific activities, partocopation in social
and political life of the country and great patriotism. As a result of their professional
and scientific work, they gained huge publicity in Poland and abroad, evidenced by
their merits at the regal courts where they anjoyed the recognition and friendship of
the monarchs. They left behind a significant legancy in the form of books on different
fields of knowledge, especially medicine.
The Figure of Teacher Expected
in Modern Physical Education
Authors: Węglarz Józef
Published: April 2018

Modern education is meant to prepare comprehensively a person to live independently
in specific social and cultural realities. A part of this versatility covers preparing
the student to participate in physical culture in adulthood. It is a main goal of the process of physical education. To fulfil this purpose, it is necessary to equip the student
with fixed beliefs about the need to care for his body and with skills to command it.
These powers (axiological and technological ones) should be supported by extensive
knowledge of the needs and possibilities of the body to such an extent that all activities
relating to the body are rational. It is the task of physical education teacher who
is supposed to introduce the student into the world of physical culture. The teacher is
expected to be the student’s guide to the world of the body’s value.
Tick-borne diseases and the importance
of prophylaxis for prevention of borreliosis
and tick-borne encephalitis
Authors: Gniadek Aganieszk , Walaszek Halina
Published: April 2018

The morbidity rate of tick-borne diseases
has been rising steadily in Europe as well
as in Asia and America. The group of
most frequently contracted diseases include
borreliosis, tick-borne encephalitis,
granulocytic anaplasmosis, and babesiosis.
Tick-borne diseases are usually transmitted
by a tick bite during which germs get to the victim’s blood with the tick’s
saliva. Another way of transmitting the
disease might be by the alimentary system
(only in the case of tick-borne encephalitis).
Borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis
are the diseases the incidence
of which has been increasing in Poland in
the last few years making them a serious
epidemiological threat.
The basic principle of tick-borne diseases
prophylaxis is raising awareness
among individuals exposed to tick bites,
which, in turn, provides these individuals
with proper protection. These preventive
measures include: wearing proper
clothes covering the body completely
(long-sleeved tops and trousers tucked
into the socks), applying tick repellents,
checking the body after potential exposure
to ticks, vaccination against tickborne
encephalitis, avoiding consuming
unpasteurised milk and unpasteurised
dairy products, quick and careful removal
of the whole tick from the body and
the ability to recognize early symptoms
of the disease (e.g. skin redness). Only
by taking these steps can the increase of
tick-borne diseases morbidity be stopped.
Non-pharmacological treatment of lower
extremity varicose veins in patients who
are not classified for surgical treatment
Authors: Radosz Zuzanna , Ptaszyńska Małgorzata
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this study is to discuss
non-pharmacological methods of lower
limb varices treatment for patients not
qualified for surgical procedures. These
methods can be used by both nurses and
patients.
There are the following types of varices
treatment: interventional treatment, compression
therapy and other non-pharmacological
methods. Surgery is a traditional
method of treatment, however it is not
suitable for lower limb arterial ischemia,
deep vein patency, haemorrhagic diathesis,
deep vein thrombosis, acute infectious disease, pregnancy and class I obesity
(BMI>29). In the abovementioned
cases the following types of non-invasive
treatment are recommended: compression
therapy and other such non-pharmacological
methods as; limb elevation, diet,
hardening of the arteries in the affected
limb, proper footwear selection and physical
activity.
Despite the degree of severity of the
condition and undertaken surgical procedures
the preventive medical treatment
should be considered in the therapy
as it (the therapy) significantly affects
the further development of varicose veins
and the severity of ailments related to the
disease. Results of a number of studies
confirm the importance of the integrity
between pharmacological and non-pharmacological
treatment.