bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resistance Induction in Two Alfalfa Varieties to Bean Leafroll Virus and Citrus Excortis Viroid Using Some Botanicals and Amino Acids Preparations
Authors: Ali Raad M , AlFahad Maadh A
Published: October 2024

Many researches have been conducted so far in the topic of controlling the Bean leafroll virus and Citrus exocortis viroid. This study was conducted in a private farm at Balad district from September 1, 2023, to January 6, 2024, and aimed to evaluate the efficacy of azolla and clover plant extract, fosetyl aluminum pesticide, and Debal against Bean leafroll virus in the presence of Citrus exocortis viroid in diseased alfalfa. The diagnosis was confirmed for the whole genome of the virus and viroid under study using next generation sequencing technology. The resulting sequences were compared in the International Gene Bank database NCBI. The virus was the 1st record registered in Iraq, which was registered with a accession number PP889325, and the viroid genome was registered for the first time in the NCBI database with an accession number PP869624. Findings of the field experiment showed that the treatments were effective in reducing infection rates and disease severity beside increasing plant defense enzymes (catalase, polyphenol oxidase, and peroxidase) in virus infected alfalfa. Debal treatment, individual or in combination, recorded the highest rate leaf content of catalase (8.00), polyphenol oxidase (3.70), and peroxidase (4.13), with values significantly differed from infected untreated control treatment that recorded 3.33, 0.91, and 0.81, respectively.
Role the (IL1, IL6, and TNF) with Chronic Autoimmune Diseases in Mosul City / Iraq
Authors: Jasim Duha Adil , AlTaie Anmar A.
Published: October 2024

Objective: Our study examined the relationship of the levels of cytokines IL1, 6, and TNF in three different immune diseases with age and Sex. Material and methods: The samples of the study were obtained from in Mosul city hospitals for the period from October 2023 to February 29, 2024. The study included 90 different medical cases suffering from immune diseases, 50 of whom were suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, 16 were suffering from erythematosus, and 24 were suffering from Celiac disease. The ages of the study participants were between 10 years and 65 years. Outcomes: Serum samples were examined for IL1, 6, and TNF using the ELISA technique. The results of ELISA revealed that Concentrations of Interleukins and TNF were low in all patients because the patients in the chronic phase of Autoimmune Diseases take treatment to reduce the cytokines which is hyperactive Therefore, cytokines concentrations appeared lower than standard concentrations. However, the results show a significant association between measuring IL-1 for a CD and measuring IL-6, TNF for an SLE among Autoimmune disease patients and their sex, and age. Conclusion: significance and impact of study: IL1, 6, and TNF are one of the most common cytokines on the globe. It has been connected directly or indirectly with various disorders, including autoimmune diseases. However, the link between IL1, 6 - TNF and Autoimmune Diseases is still controversial. Our results indicate that they play a possible role in the development of autoimmune diseases; however, more studies on a larger scale are required to confirm the results.
Seroprevalence Of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Cattle in Thi-qar Province, Iraq
Authors: Hashim Douaa. A. , Al-Hamed Tamadhir A.
Published: October 2024

Crimean–Congo Hemorrhagic Fever is a zoonotic disease that transmission by infected ticks bites and from animals that are main carrier host without clinical septum so the current study was aimed to serological detection antibodies of Crimean–Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus (CCHV) in cattle of Thi-qar province.  Sera were analyzed for the presence of antibodies to CCHFV using the commercially available double-antigen ELISA kit. The study was conducted on 262 cases of cattle (87 male and 175 female) infected with CCHF based on Infected with ticks. Blood samples were collected from different part in Thi-qar province AL-Rifai, AL-Shatra, AL- Naser and Suq-ALshuhk. The wholly percentage of infected cattle with antibodies was 169(64.5%) positive from 262 cases. Highly prevalence record in Al-shatra positive from150 \115positive (76.66%) The prevalence of antibodies was higher in cattle at age   2 to 3 years old 55(73.33%) than in cattle aged less than 2 years 49 (58.33%). In addition, the percentage of cattle with antibodies in female was higher compare in male. These results suggest that is (CCHV) widespread in the cattle populations southern of Iraq.
Study of the Sintering Process Behavior on Some Structural and Physical Properties of (Ni-47Ti-3Cu) Alloy Prepared by Powder Metallurgy
Authors: Nasef Mustafa Khaled , Ahmed Rasha Hamid
Published: October 2024

This research aims to prepare the alloy (Ni-47Ti-3Cu) using powder metallurgy techniques and study the sintering behavior of this alloy at different temperatures. Powders of nickel, titanium, and copper, were mixed to ensure homogeneity, then compacted under a pressure of (5ton) for (2 min) to obtain cohesive samples. The sintering process was carried out at temperatures of (1050, 950, 850, 750, 650) °C for 1 hour. The structural properties were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the physical properties (apparent density, bulk density, porosity, and water absorption) were examined using Archimedes' principle-based tests. The XRD results indicated the emergence of a new phase with a different crystalline structure from the elements used in the preparation of the models, identified as (TiCuNi2) with a rhombohedral crystal system, while the constituent elements of the alloy exhibited face-centered cubic (F.C.C) structures for nickel and copper and a hexagonal close-packed (H.C.P) structure for titanium. The physical examination results showed that both apparent and bulk densities increased with increasing sintering temperature, while porosity and water absorption decreased with increasing sintering temperature.
Study of the Specifications of Some Chemical Standards for The Water of The Unified Tikrit City Water Project
Authors: Majeed Rafal Ahmed , Sultan Ali Muayad
Published: October 2024

This study was conducted in  the laboratories of the University of Tikrit / College of Education for Girls / Department of Life Sciences / and quality control laboratories for the study of the  unified Tikrit city water station project  , which is located on the course of the Tigris River within Salah al-Din Governorate, where the study included five stages, starting with river water, sedimentation basins and preservation tank, and ending with the last stage liquefaction water for the Shuhada neighborhood, For the purpose of studying the properties and chemicals of the project water and comparing the results with standard specifications, and the study period extended from August 2023 AD to January 2024 AD, the  study included measuring (pH,  dissolved oxygen, biorequirement for oxygen, total basic,  chloride ion, phosphate and nitrate), pH values ranged towards basal Where their levels ranged between (7.3-8) mg / liter and it was noted that the values of dissolved oxygen ranged between (5.4-9.2) mg / liter, and depending on the values of the vital requirement for oxygen the water was somewhat clean, so its levels reached between (0.5 -3.2) mg / liter, and the total basic values ranged between (106-256  ) mg / l and the proportions of chloride ions were within the permissible limits ofFor drinking, the values ranged between (17.216-136) mg/L, while for  the concentrations ranged (2.120439 3.748021-) μg/L, as for phosphate, values ranging between (0.6-2.7) μg/L, the results show that the phosphate values did not conform to the Iraqi standard specifications No. 417 for drinking water (2001) of 0.4 μg/L.
The Effect of Semantic Mapping Strategy on EFL Preparatory School Students' Higher Thinking Skills
Authors: Razouki Ali Abdulghafoor , Muter Jawher Brk
Published: October 2024

Literary text usually begins with a writer’s need to convey his or her personal vision to reader. Even when a writer uses factual material, historical documents newspaper stories, personal experience his or her primary purpose is not just to convey information but to give a unique view of experience, one that has significance beyond the moment. Literature is the news that stays news. To convey his or her view of experience, invents characters, and creates dialogue. In order to solve this problem, the teacher should have creative activity, and semantic mapping strategy can be an alternative way as a learning and make students enjoy and easy to write. The present study aims at; 1) finding out whether there is any significant difference between students' achievement at the recognition level on one hand, and their achievement at the production level, on the other hand. 2) Finding out EFL preparatory school students' ability to identify figurative language, recognize and be aware of other cultures, and higher thinking skills. A sample of (60) students has been randomly selected from Iraqi EFL fourth year preparatory school students who study ‘Literature Focus’ at Al-Manahil school for boys in the city of Tikrit during the academic year 2023/2024. The sample represents (25.60%) percent of its original population and is divided into two equal groups, i.e. the experimental and control groups. Both groups have been equalized in their age, the parents’ educational attainments, and their scores in English language subjects in the previous year of the academic year (2022-2023). An achievement test of six question is constructed, validated, its reliability is obtained, it is items have been analysed and then applied to the two involved groups of the study. The results show that SMS is more effective than using the conventional method for organizing, clarifying, or simplifying complex information.
The relationship between interleukin 1-B and calprotecin in periodontal Disease
Authors: Saleh Duaa Raad , Yassin Lina Qays , Rija Firas Faris
Published: October 2024

Backgrounds: One of the most common diseases affecting the oral cavity in humans is periodontitis. Researchers looked at the effects of calprotectin and IL-1B in human gingival Among the cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, IL-1β, an inflammatory cytokine, can be highlighted for its contribution to stimulating the recruitment and differentiation of osteoblasts in tissues. Calprotectin is a heterodimer protein consisting of two calcium-bindinglinkages, belonging to the S-100 family.Materials and method: Ninety samples (patient and control) were obtained for the study between July 2023 and December 2024. Of them, sixty samples came from patients who saw periodontists in outpatient clinics and at Balad General Hospital. A sterile cotton swab (transport cotton swab) was used to obtain the sample. Using a syringe and a 5-milliliter Slim syringe, blood was drawn for 79 medical devices and then put into gelatinous gel tubes. The blood was then allowed to clot for fifteen minutes, sediment on the central computer at 3500 for one minute, and the serum was separated and kept in Eppendorf tubes with a 2-milliliter top at room temperature. The bacterial isolates were identified using physiological and biochemical assays, and the sample was held for 20 AD before being employed in the decimal filter. immunological examination The levels of immunological proteins calprotectin and human interleukin (IL-1β) were measured using ELISA technique. Results:  IL-1B  level in patients with Periodontitis recorded that (50.3±26.7) in comparison with control group that were (49.8±21.8,9.85±4.28) .While calprotectin level in patients with Periodontitis recorded that (10.79±2.69) in comparison with control group that were (9.85±4.28). Conclusion: Most common causes of Periodontitis was Prophyromonas gingivalis ,Staph. Aureus, Strep. Pyogenes. functional polymorphisms in the IL-1 B were not related to the calprotectin in development in Periodontitis prevalent diseases.
Uropathogenic Bacterial Detection and Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern in Urine Specimens Referred to Al anbar Province
Authors: Almawla Saleem Obaid Gatia , Rajab Nabeel Ahmed , Edan Ali Ebrahim , Mohammed Abdualah Thabit
Published: October 2024

For clinicians treating patients, antimicrobial resistance is becoming a significant concern. This brief study was therefore conducted to find out how common it is for bacterial isolates that are resistant to multiple drugs (MDR), XDR, and PDR, as well as extensively drug-resistant (XDR), in Anbar hospital. The microbiology department cultivated the clinical samples and identified the bacterial strains. The detection of MDR, XDR, and PDR microorganisms was accomplished by analyzing the antibiotic susceptibility profile of various bacterial isolates. 257 children and adult patients from both sexes were included in this study. The total number of urine samples that gave positive bacterial culture results were 114 (44.4%) and the number of samples that gave negative results was 143(55.6%) . The antibiotic susceptibility profile of 114 bacterial strains was studied. 90(78.9) of gram-negative bacteria strains were MDR, (8.9%) (72.2%) XDR, and (18.9%) PDR was isolated. 24 (21.1%) Gram positive bacterial egative bacteria strains were MDR, (33.3%)  (54.2%) XDR, and (12.5%) PDR was isolated. To effectively combat the threat of antibiotic resistance, all clinical microbiology laboratories need to closely monitor MDR, XDR, and PDR.
Using Gagene's Model for Enhancing EFL Students Innovative Thinking
Authors: Araf Israa Ibraheem , Hameed Dunia Tahir
Published: October 2024

Gagne's model of instructional design is based on the information processing model of the mental events that occur when adults are presented with various stimuli and focuses on the learning outcomes and how to arrange specific instructional events to achieve those outcomes. Innovative thinking is the ability to create something new. This study aims at,  assessing the average level of the (4th) year secondary school students' achievement in thinking skill; finding out if there is any significant difference between the achievement of the experimental and control group in the posttest; finding out if there is any significant difference between the experimental group's achievement at the recognition and the production levels in the posttest; finding out if there is any significant difference among the five variables, vocabulary, grammar, clarity, accuracy and precision. In order to fulfill the aims of the study,  the following null hypotheses have been posted; there is a statistically significant difference between the average level of the students' achievement and theoretical level of achievement in the posttest; there is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the control group, who are taught according to the conventional method and the mean scores of the experimental group who are taught according to the conventional method and the mean scores of the experimental group who are taught by using of Gagne’s Model; there is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental group's achievement at the recognition and the production levels in the posttest; there is a statistically significant difference between students' mean scores of the five variables, vocabulary, grammar, clarity, accuracy and precision in the posttest.
Evaluation of Biocides Susceptibility and Expression of Qace-Δ1 And Suge1 Genes of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in Exposure to Biocides and Meropenem
Authors: Shghaitand Narjis Hadi , Ghaima Kais Kassim
Published: October 2024

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a species of medical significance that plays a role in nosocomial infections, particularly those resulting from burns and wounds. Bacterial antibiotic resistance may have developed as a result of the abuse of biocides in hospitals. This study aimed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates in relation to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), chlorohexidine (CHX), and resazurin dye using a microtiter plate assay. Additionally, it evaluated the expression of the efflux pump genes (qacE-Δ1 and sugE1) at sub-inhibitory concentrations of the biocides using RT-qPCR (delta delta Ct method) to improve their efflux pump system. The MICs of 24 P. aeruginosa isolates (14 isolates were resist to carbapenems and 10 isolates sensitive to carbapenems) against Chloroxylenol (Dettol) revealed that the range of MICs were (0. 125-2%). The results of MICs of Chlorohexidine (CHX) revealed that the range of inhibitory activity was (0.8-102.4 µg/ml), also the findings of MICs of EDTA demonstrated that the range of inhibitory activity was (125-2000 µg/ml). The genes involved in efflux pump (qacE -Δ1 and sugE1) were found to be significantly up-regulated in the local isolates, according to our findings.. The four isolates' sugE1 gene expression folds ranged from 1.81 to 5.39; this result was more than the fold of the control (the fold change is 1), with the meropenem isolate having the highest fold value (5.39) and sub-MIC value (8 µg/ml). Furthermore, the four isolates' qacE-Δ1 gene expression folds ranged from 2.11 to 5.01, which was higher than the fold of the control, where the highest fold value was recorded for the EDTA (5.01) with the sub-MIC value (125-500 µg/ml). Also, a high value of upregulation of the gene qacE –Δ1, during the treatment with dettol with sub-MIC (0.25-0.5%), and the fold change was 4.19. In conclusion, the present findings indicated to the significant relationship between the treatments with meropenem and the high values of gene expression of the gene sugE1 in comparison with the control and other agents, Furthermore, compared to the antibiotic and control, there was a strong correlation found between the high fold changes of the gene qacE -Δ1 with the presence of dettol and EDTA.
Study the Different Antioxidants Effects on Serum Quality in Dogs
Authors: Al-Dean Sumaya Loay Mohamed Shams , Hammoud Sura Shakir
Published: October 2024

Dogs frequently have subfertility linked to poor semen quality (high percentage of morphologically defective spermatozoa, low rate of gradual mobility and total number of sperm .To examine the anti-oxidative effect of  various concentratuons of NAC on cryopreservation in dogs sperm.The animals are divided into three groups: C0, C1  and C2. C0 receives the 0mM NAC, C1 receives 0.35mM and C2 receives 0.85mM. The physical characteristics studied of the spêrm include ejaculated volume, semen color, motility of sperms, percentage of dead sperms and abnormal sperms. After physical evaluation, the samples are diluted with Tri’s diluter. The tris diluter is egg-yolk glycerol. The samples are then cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen (-196 C) from October to December.  A total of 50 samples are calculated and prepared for freezing in the following way:The motility of sperm is high for 0.35mM dose of NAC,  and not very different in the control group and 0.85mM NAC group. The motility is significantly different for 0.35NAC as compared to the other two groups. The p-value (< 0.05) shows the significant difference between the motility of 0.35 NAC and other groups. The sperm viability is highest in the 0.35mM NAC group (30.34). The viability of sperm is highest at 0.85mM. The membrane integrity is highest in 0.35mM NAC, while lowest in the control group( p<0.05).In conclusion, dogs sperm cells can be shielded from oxidative stress by using moderate dosages of NAC supplied in Tris extender without negatively affecting dog semen's ability to freeze.
Phytochemical Study and Clinical Evaluation of Herbal Formula as Obesity Management
Authors: Sanad Wisam Ghazi , Karkoosh Saja Ismael , Abbas Ibrahim Salih , Bader Qasim Allawi
Published: October 2024

Objective: Obesity is a significant global public health issue, affecting 39% of overweight and 13% of obese adults, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The objective of this study was included preliminary screening of main active compounds with clinical evaluation of herbal formula used in traditional medicine for obesity management. Methods. The methods for this study were included investigation of main active compounds in extracts of line seeds (Linum usitatissimum L.), Celery seeds (Apium graveoleus L.) Husk seeds (Plantago ovata L.) and marshmallow flower (Althea officinalis L.) Also this study contained the clinical evaluation of effects of herbal formula for obesity. The study involved two groups of participants who were given a herbal formula capsule for a duration of 8 weeks. The dosage consisted of one capsule (500mg) taken three times a day after meals. The second group was simultaneously treated with metformin, with a dosage of one tablet (500mg) provided twice daily after meals. Results: The results were referred to flavonoids glycosides which presented in all plants extracts, while other active compounds distributed differently among plants. The results of clinical study were referred to significant reduction in weight, BMI, Total cholesterol, Triglycerides, LDL – C  and VLDL with significant increasing of HDL. Conclusion: The herbal mixture may exert beneficial effects on both body mass index and serum lipids profile in humans, which can be linked to its flavonoids and antioxidant components.
A Study of the Impact of the Quality of Life of Female Iraqi Surgeons on their Work Performance
Authors: Aqrawi Berivan Ibrahim , Lak Rebaz Tahir
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The percentage of women among medical students has grown lately in developed and developing nations; nevertheless, females generally stay under-represented in surgery. This investigation has studied female surgeons' professional and social attributes in Iraq and their perception of the operating conditions.
Materials and methods: During the period beginning on the first of March 2021 and ending on the first of May 2021, a cross-sectional study was conducted ,22-page electronic survey was mailed to all surgical females that was working in different hospital in Iraq , and Data was entered and investigated using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25. Illustrative investigations were described as frequencies and percentages, and outcomes were compared between the subjects.
Results: A total of 64 female doctors from different surgical branches enrolled in the study; most of them (82.8%) belonged to the 25- 34 years age group, were married and having children (54.7%), working 40 - 80 hours in a week, gynecologists (39.1%) followed by general surgeons (23.4%) and interest (67.2%) was the main drive and reason for choosing their surgical branch.
Conclusion: Women's Chances in surgery have improved, although extensive work remains to make the surgical workplace comfortable for females.
Correlation Of BCG Vaccination And COVID-19 Disease Through Measurement Of Immunological Markers IFN-Γ And Anti-BCG Igg In Different Age Groups Running Title: Correlation Between BCG Vaccination And COVID-19 Disease
Authors: Abdullghani Farah Muwaffaq , Mousa Haider Abdul-Lateef
Published: October 2024

Introduction Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in China in December 2019 and then became a pandemic. BCG vaccination has conferred non-specific (targeted-off) protective effects against unrelated pathogens including respiratory viral infections that have been hypothesized to it could reduce the severity of COVID-19 disease.
Objective: Assess whether BCG vaccination has a role in the prevention of COVID-19.
Methods: A cross-sectional study including 111 healthy people was carried out from October 2021 to December 2022. Specific anti-BGC-IgG and IFN-γ levels were estimated in blood samples after stimulation with BCG vaccine for 2 days. All participants were examined for BCG scar status and COVID-19 confirmation.
Results: There was no significant difference in anti-BCG IgG levels or IFN-γ levels (p>0.05) in relation to COVID-19 infection. There was no statistically significant association between BCG scar diameter and COVID-19 infection (p>0.05). Furthermore, there was no statistically significant association between the BCG scar diameter and COVID-19 severity (p>0.05). There was no significant difference in anti-BCG IgG levels (p>0.05) in relation to COVID-19 severity. Likewise, there was no significant difference in between IFN γ levels and COVID-19 severity (p>0.05).
Conclusion: There was no correlation between BCG vaccination and infection or severity of COVID-19.
Detection Of Escherichia Coli Virulence Genes ( Pap , Afa , Iha Ipr2 And Hly ) Isolated From Patients With Urinary Tract Infections In Babylon Province, Iraq
Authors: Kadhim Iman J , Hawani Israa Abed Ali Al
Published: October 2024

The current study included a collection of 110 urine samples of both sexes of different ages for patients with urinary tract infections, who consulted Al-Hilla Teaching Hospital and the Children and Maternity Hospital in Al-Hilla city, through the period from May 2020 to December 2020, to investigate some virulence factors associated with Escherichia coli bacterium. The results of the biochemical tests revealed that 74 (67.3%) isolates were belonging to E. coli that was isolated from the urine samples. The results also indicated that the females were more infected 47 (63.5 %) with urinary tract infections than males 27 (36.4 %). Some virulence factor genes have also been investigated using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, which are (pap, afa, iha, ipr2   and hly genes). The PCR results for  E.coli genes revealed  that, 11 isolates contain pap gene  (7 ( 14.8 %) and 4 ( 14.8 %)), while  9  isolates possesses afa gene ( 6 ( 12.7 %)  and  3 ( 11.1 %)), whereas 5 isolates have gene iha  (3 ( 6.3 %)  and 2 ( 7.4 % ))  , In addition to  30  isolates have irp2 gene (21  ( 44.6 % ) and 9 ( 33.3 % ))  and 27 isolates contain  hly gene ( 19 ( 40.4 %)  and 8 ( 29.6 %)). These percentages are for females and males respectively. Conclusions:  E.coli is the bacterium that dominant the UTIs. Females are more likely to develop UTIs than males. The irp2 gene responsible for taking iron is the most genetically studied genome that causes UTIs, followed by the gene hly responsible for producing α-hemolysin enzyme second among the gene of the virulence factors under study.
Detection of Microscopic Characters And Evaluation Of The Anti-Inflammatory Effect Of Anagallis Arvensis L. Wildly Grown In Karbalaa’ Countryside
Authors: Kabbani Fareed Mohamed Fawaz , Harami Thanaa Mohamed , Mahdi Fatimah Mohammed Saeed , Bader Qasim Allawi
Published: October 2024

Anagallis arvensis is a well-known herb wildly grown in Karbalaa’ countryside. The aim of the study was to detect some microscopic features for the dried-grinded roots, leaves, flowers and seeds of the plant and evaluate the effect of the alcoholic extract of the aerials part (AEAP) on acute inflammation induced by egg-white model.
Microscopic identification was done using an optical microscope. For the evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effect, rats were divided into 4 groups (n=6), the negative control group, the positive control (Diclofenac sodium) group, AEAP 4 mg/kg was applied to group 3 individuals and AEAP 7 mg/kg was applied to group 4. The extracts and the positive control were I.P. injected.
The results of the microscopic test revealed several diagnostic characters, such as cluster oxalate crystals and xylem vessels with pitted walls in the roots. Glandular trichomes composed of one- or two-celled stalk and a spherical, unicellular head and Fragments of the fibrous layer of the anthers in the flowers, Anomocytic stomata in the leaves.
The (AEAP) of A.arvensis showed an anti-inflammatory effect in both 4mg/kg and 7 mg/kg doses compared to the negative control [p<0.01], while no statistically significant differences were noticed between the results of extract’s groups and the results of the positive control group.
Effectiveness of Counseling and Sound Therapies, Including Mobile Applications and Quran Therapy, in Managing Subjective Tinnitus: randomized controlled trial study
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed Subhan , Zmnako Sherko Saeed F. , Baban Muaid Ismaiel Aziz
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Subjective tinnitus, the perception of sound without an external source, affects approximately 15% of the global population. Despite its non-life-threatening nature, tinnitus significantly impacts the quality of life, causing distress, sleep disturbances, anxiety, and depression.
Objectives: This study assesses the effectiveness of counseling therapy combined with two sound therapy modalities; mobile applications and Quran therapy in managing tinnitus symptoms.
Methods: This randomized controlled trial study involved 270 participants with subjective tinnitus, recruited from a medical center and a private audiology clinic in Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. Participants were divided into two groups: one receiving counseling therapy and sound therapy via mobile applications (ReSound Tinnitus Relief and Beltone Tinnitus Calmer), and the other receiving counseling therapy combined with Quran therapy (Quranic recitation in Maqam Al-Bayati style). Tinnitus severity and its impact on quality of life were measured using the Tinnitus Primary Function Questionnaire (TPFQ-CK) and the Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire (THQ-CK) before and six months after the intervention.
Results: Both therapy groups showed significant improvements in tinnitus severity and quality of life. The TPFQ-CK total scores decreased from 38.18 to 14.99 in the Quran therapy group and from 38.34 to 17.82 in the mobile application group. The THQ-CK total scores decreased from 43.46 to 22.99 in the Quran therapy group and from 43.74 to 25.25 in the mobile application group. Significant reductions were also observed in tinnitus annoyance and loudness levels.
Conclusions: Counseling therapy combined with sound therapy, whether through mobile applications or Quranic recitation, effectively reduces tinnitus severity and improves the quality of life for individuals with subjective tinnitus. Quran therapy, leveraging spiritual and cultural practices, showed a slight edge in effectiveness over mobile applications, suggesting that culturally relevant and accessible sound therapy options can enhance tinnitus management.
Effects of Agricultural Land Use on Desert Soil Classification in Holy Karbala Governorate
Authors: Bander Mohammed Abbood , Ali Ayad Kadhim
Published: October 2024

This study was conducted to evaluate physical, chemical, and morphological features to classify soils at the subgroup level. The research area, located west of Karbala, consists of three locations, each comprising pedons in both cultivated and uncultivated lands. GPS coordinates were recorded, and morphological descriptions of pedon horizons were made in accordance with the American Soil Survey Manual. This study investigates the effect of agricultural land use on the classification of desert soils in the Holy Karbala Governorate. The results revealed that the dry climate caused diversity in the morphological features of the soils, mainly in horizon type, thickness, and arrangement. Agricultural usage had an impact on diagnostic horizons, particularly the gypsic horizon, and features such as soil color, structure, organic matter, carbonate minerals, gypsum, and root distribution. However, there was no substantial impact on soil texture development, and soils did not show a consistent pattern of soil separation distribution with depth, indicating weak pedogenic processes. The most common texture classes were loamy sand, sandy loam, and sand, with sand contents ranged from 902.08 to 574.12 g kg. Soil bulk density differed from 1.67 to 1.30 Mg m³, with lower values in farmed areas. Chemical properties were influenced, with soil pH ranging from 8.36 to 7.54, electrical conductivity (EC) from 5.46 to 2.03 dS m, cation exchange capacity (CEC) from 15.25 to 2.05 meq.100g, organic matter from 43.51 to 1.18 g kg, carbonate minerals from 461.18 to 174.06 g kg, and calcium sulfate from 182 to 21 g kg. The soils were classed as Aridisols because they were found in a dry desert with an Aridic moisture regime. The presence of distinctive saline layers such as Calcic and Gypsic was discovered, resulting in the classification of cultivated soils as Typic Haplocalcids and uncultivated lands as Typic Calcigypsids.
Gene Expression Of Some Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms In Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Isolated From Iraqi Patients
Authors: Kazaal Meraim A. , Oudah Marwah Ali
Published: October 2024

Background: Treatment of N. gonorrhoeae infection is restricted by the rising commonness of multidrug-resistance strains. The point of this study was to evaluate antibiotic resistance and mRNA expression of penA, pilQ, norM, farA, and mtrE of N. gonorrhea. Method: one hindered samples collected from patients infected with N. gonorrhoeae. The bacteria were isolated and diagnosed using culture media and biochemical tests. Using the MIC method, the sensitivity of bacteria to penicillin, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, spectinomycin, tetracycline, and azithromycin was determined. After RNA extraction and cDNA production, gene expression of penA, pilQ, norM, farA, and mtrE was assessed using real time -qPCR. Results: we found all isolates sensitive to ceftriaxone and azithromycin.  Clear increase in penA, pilQ, farA, and mtrE gene expression of penicillin-resistant isolates (1.571, 3.135, 0.010 and 34.24 respectively), while norM gene expression decreased in those isolates. High gene expression for pilQ, farA, and mtrE among isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin (0.0041, 0.00072, 0.011 respectively). Tetracycline-resistant isolates appeared to have higher gene expression for penA, norM, farA, and mtrE (0.0033, 8.669, 37.85, 15.84 respectively). Spectinomycin-resistant isolates have high gene expression for penA, pilQ, norM, farA, and mtrE  (0.222, 0.021, 0.036, 0.0002, 19.63 respectively) . Moreover, gene expression of penA, norM, and farA increased in males (6.938, 1.095, 7.946 respectively) while the rate of gene expression for pilQ and mtrE increased in females (0.161 and 7.832 respectively). Conclusion: gene expression of penA, pilQ, norM, farA, and mtrE increased in most antibiotics resistance isolates especially of bacterial infection that isolated from males.
Impact of metformin versus metformin plus omega_3 on inflammatory outcomes in a tester of Iraqi women with PCOS
Authors: Al-Burhan Riyam Mohammed Ali , Jaleel Swadi Asma Abdul , Amir Kadhim Sinaa Abdul , Al-Harmooshee Maather Baqer Hussein
Published: October 2024

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome signifies a state of chronic inflammation, which is partly caused by excessive visceral adipose tissue and the pro-inflammatory mechanisms associated with it. Interestingly, even normal-weight women with PCOS exhibit long-lasting low-flat inflammation characterized via raised ranks cytokines of pro-inflammatory. This can be attributed to the presence of surplus visceral adipose tissue and intraperitoneal fat depots in normal-weight PCOS patients as well.
Aim of the study: To estimate the influence of metformin and omega-3 treatment on serum ranks of IL-18 and highly sensitive CRP in females with PCOS.
Patients and methods: The present interventional prospective study included 90 sick with an age assortment of 18 to less than 40 years. Those patients were analyzed with polycystic ovarian disease (PCOS) founded on Rotterdam principles (Rotterdam, 2004) by 2 specialists in obstetrics and gynecology. The patients were recruited from the Maternity and Pediatrics Teaching Hospital in Adiwaniyah Province, Iraq. The training is outmoded back to September the 21st 2023 and extended to March 31st 2024.
Results: Following treatment, both metformin+Omega3 and metformin alone were able to reduce mean IL-18 significantly (p < 0.001 versus p < 0.001, separately); however, the amount of decrease caused by combination was more than that caused by metformin alone significantly, 158.62 pg/ml versus 71.14 pg/ml , respectively (p = 0.048). Both metformin+Omega3 and metformin alone were able to reduce mean hs-CRP significantly (p < 0.001 versus p < 0.001, respectively); however, the amount of decrease caused through combination was more than that caused by metformin alone significantly, 157.69 mg/L versus 61.27 mg/L , separately (p = 0.032).
Conclusion: The use of Omega3 has an efficient and safe synergistic effect when added to metformin in reducing IL-18 and hs-CRP in sick with PCOS, thus, suggesting an anti-inflammatory property for such combination.
The Awareness of Philosophical Issues Among Fifth-Grade Literary Students
Authors: Khameis Tareq Hashim , Abd-Al Hadi Zahraa Muqdad
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to know the level of awareness of philosophical issues at the fifth-grade students in the preparatory and secondary schools in Salah al-Din. The second scheme 2023-2024. Researchers have randomly chosen the fifth fifth grade students at Al-Baroudi High School and High School for Girls to be a sample. The researchers used two approaches: the descriptive approach and semi-demo curriculum. The descriptive approach was used to identify philosophical issues, identify female students, measurement procedures, and semi-pilot curriculum to test the study. To verify the objectives of the study, researchers have prepared a list of appropriate philosophical issues for sample personnel and intellectual levels. The awareness gauge for philosophical issues included a test (7) issues and security of each case there are three alternatives. After applying the scale on female students and statistical data processing, the results of the study showed that students enjoy a high level of awareness of philosophical issues. At the end of the study, researchers reached a range of results, conclusions, recommendations and proposals.
Effectiveness of Emotional-Focused Coping on Heart-Focused Anxiety in Patients Prior to cardiac Catheterization
Authors: Gatie Baneen Kamil , H.AL-Hadrawi Hayder
Published: October 2024

Background: Heart-focused anxiety involves a concentration on and a fear of cardiac-related feelings and their anticipated negative outcomes (such as a life-threatening arrhythmia or abrupt cardiac death). It results in continuing concerns about heart function, avoiding activities that are thought to cause cardiac symptoms, and frequent behavior of requesting assistance in medical settings. Study purpose: This study aimed to measure the effectiveness of Emotional-Focused Coping on Heart-Focused Anxiety in Patients Prior to cardiac Catheterization. Materials and methods: A quasi-experimental study using (pretest and posttest design with a control group). A purposive sampling technique was used to gather the study information from 120 patients prior to cardiac catheterization by using the beck anxiety inventory scale. The study is conducted in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Government, Al-Najaf Center for Cardiac Surgery and Trans-Catheter Therapy. Results: A statistically significant difference is found in participants anxiety level prior to cardiac catheterization between the first measure before applying the coping techniques and the second measure after the application of coping strategies (Mean difference =13.500, P <0.0005)   Conclusion: The emotional focused coping strategies are proves as easy interventions to apply and effective in terms of reducing the level of heart-focused anxiety prior to cardiac catheterization
Evaluation the Levels of Yap1 Protein and NF-Κb in Serum of Women with Breast Cancer
Authors: Ghaly Ayat Aziz , Al-Husseini Alaa Mohammad Hasson
Published: October 2024

Breast cancer (BC) is the type of cancer that is most frequently diagnosed and is the primary cause of cancer-related deaths in women globally. BC is intimately linked to both apoptosis and inflammation.   This study aimed to evaluate NF-kappaB (NF-κB) and Yes-associated protein (Yap1) biomarkers in the serum of women patients with (BC).
This case-control research recruited a total of 90 women, consisting of 60 women diagnosed with breast cancer and 30 healthy controls of the same age. This research detected a statistically significant rise (P<0.05) in the levels of NF-κB and Yap1 in the serum of the BC group compared to the control group. from the results of Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the present results indicate an optimal NF-κB cut‑off value of more than 3.06 ng/ml resulted in an AUC value of 0.934. And is considered an excellent diagnostic marker, also. An optimal Yap1cutt-off value of more than 13.72 ng/ml resulted in an AUC value of 0.997 Yap1, while There was no significant difference P>0.05 in NF-κB and Yap1 levels among BC women according to clinical-pathological, molecular type and phenotype clinical and pathological characteristics.
We conclude that These results indicate the roles of NFκB and Yap1 as biomarkers for breast cancer diagnosis.
Evaluation of Nurses’ Attitudes toward Human Immuno Deficiency
Authors: Al-Jubouri Namaa Dawoud , Khudur Khalida Mohammed
Published: October 2024

Background: HIV nursing protocols, including rapid HIV testing, face weaknesses such as improper data collection and ambiguity. To reduce stigmatization, interventions should promote the adoption of nursing practices that influence stigmatization experiences. The International Nursing Network for HIV Research recommends collaboration, global partnerships, and scientific work to increase nurses' impact in HIV research. Nurses' experiences with HIV/AIDS patients can impact their health and the spread of the virus. Barriers to HIV treatment include lack of knowledge, demotivation, resistance, and lack of adherence to treatment guidelines. Nurse involvement in HIV prevention is crucial for improving patient outcomes.
Objective(s): This study aims to evaluate nurses' attitudes  toward human Immuno deficiency.
Methodology: A quasi-experimental design was conducted in 7 January  2024 to 7 May 2024, The study at Al Musayyib General Hospital in Babylon, Iraq, involved 100 nursing professionals in a health education program. The program aimed to improve nurses' understanding and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS. The program's effectiveness was assessed through questionnaires.
Results: The study found that nurses aged 23-less than 30 years, predominantly female, had moderate attitudes towards the human immunodeficiency virus. However, there was no significant relationship between nurses' attitudes and sociodemographic variables or professional variables such as education, years of experience, knowledge development, or participation in training courses. The majority of nurses were urban residents.
Conclusion: Healthcare professionals should therefore follow national infection prevention guidelines when working in hospitals. To increase nurses' understanding and proficiency in this area, policy designers ought to train them in infection prevention. Further research should include a qualitative study in order to obtain more detailed information.
Recommendation: Institutions may enhance their knowledge of HIV care practices by conducting frequent training sessions for nursing staff, personalizing instructional materials, gauging and reviewing attitude levels, encouraging peer learning, and expanding the scope of research. In order to provide effective HIV care, this will assist nurses in expanding their knowledge and adjusting their attitude.
Clinical Biochemistry in the Diagnosis of Chronic Pulmonary Diseases: Identifying Biomarkers and Innovative Treatment Strategies
Authors: Salman Rand Ali
Published: October 2024

Chronic pulmonary diseases, which include COPD, asthma, and pulmonary fibrosis, are difficult to diagnose and treat because of the different mechanisms underlying each disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the contribution of clinical biochemistry in the diagnosis of these diseases offering biomarkers that distinguish these diseases and direct new therapeutic approaches. The study was conducted on 120 patients who were randomly grouped into six groups depending on their lung state and therapy they received. To examine the significance of other biomarkers involving inflammation (CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, MMP-9), oxidative stress (MDA, SOD), and leukocyte subpopulations (eosinophils, basophils) in the context of the studied disease, we also determined their levels. Additional spirometric indices were also recorded during 6 months to examine the effects of various management approaches. The results showed that all the diseases had marked difference in biomarker levels and were elevated in COPD and pulmonary fibiosis compared to asthma. Pharmacological treatments like LABAs/LAMAs in COPD and antifibrotic agents in pulmonary fibrosis also showed beneficial alterations in biomarkers and spirometry and confirmed the relevance of a biomarker approach. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the need for the use of clinical biochemistry in the discrimination of chronic pulmonary diseases and proper management strategies of the disorder. It indicates that biomarker can help improve the overall accuracy within the diagnosis process and can also aid in the formulation of effective treatment plans for patients – and therefore improve patient outcomes.
Regional Variations In The Immunohistochemical Expression Of P75 NGF Receptors Between Term And Post-Term Human Placenta
Authors: AL-Jawaheri Hassan Abd AL-Kareem Abood , Kamoona Huda Rashid Kareem
Published: October 2024

Background: The placenta has lately attracted increased attention due to its potential as a significant source of many types of stem cells, such as trophoblastic, hematopoietic, epithelial, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Placental cells are readily and ethically obtainable. In addition, the human placenta has the potential to provide a significant quantity of stem cells that can be readily isolated, expanded, and differentiated into several kinds of cells. Both the maternal and the fetal components of MSCs are present in the human placenta. Previous investigations have found that the origin of mesenchymal stem cells has a significant impact on their capacity to treat diseases. As a result, placental MSCs have a lot of potential for therapeutic use. Compared to the immunomodulatory activity of MSCs derived from mothers, fetal MSCs have a higher capacity to promote immunological health. The p75 protein has been demonstrated to be the most effective marker for the isolation and identification of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. CD271 was considered a versatile marker that would allow the isolation and culture of multipotent stem cells derived from mesenchymal tissue. No prior work reported P75 NGFR utilized in placental tissues as a marker for mesenchymal stem cells in connection to various gestational ages (term, and post-term) and diverse placental locations including (chorionic plate and placental villi sides).