bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RAILWAY SECURITY SYSTEM DESIGN BY IMAGE PROCESSING AND DEEP LEARNING UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE
Authors: EYLENCE Muzaffer , YÜCEL Mehmet , ÖZMEN Mustafa Melikşah , AKSOY Bekir
Published: September 2022

With the developing technology, technological blessings make human life easier and help them every day. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), which is one of the technological blessings, have shown themselves in many fields, especially in fields such as the military, defense industry, photography, and hobby. With the development of defense systems with UAVs, the security of railways has also been left to UAVs. In this study, while the foreign matter separation is made on the railway by using the deep learning model in real-time, the image taken on the UAV is simultaneously controlled by using the image processing method. The fact that the deep learning model has a 0.99 mAP rate increases the reliability of the model.
Cloneable Jellyfish Search Optimizer Based Task Scheduling in Cloud Environments
Authors: BÜRKÜK Mücahit , YILDIRIM Güngör
Published: September 2022

For cloud environments, task scheduling focusing on the optimal completion time (makespan) is vital. Metaheuristic approaches can be used to produce efficient solutions that will provide important cost savings to both the cloud service provider and the clients. On the other hand, since there is a high probability of getting stuck in local minima in metaheuristic solutions due to the type of problem, it may not always be possible to quickly reach the optimal solution. This study, using a metaheuristic approach, proposes a solution based on the Cloneable Jellyfish Algorithm for optimal task distribution in cloud environments. The unique feature of the proposed algorithm is that it allows dynamic population growth to be carried out in a controlled manner in order not to get stuck in local minima during the exploration phase. In addition, this algorithm, which uses a different cloning mechanism so that similar candidates are not generated in the population growth, has made it possible to achieve the optimal solution in a shorter time. To observe the solution performance, cloud environment simulations created in the Cloudsim simulator have been used. In experiments, the success of the proposed solution compared to classical scheduling algorithms has been proven.
INFLUENCE OF LAYER THICKNESS ON MAGNETORESISTANCE PROPERTIES OF MULTILAYERED THIN FILMS
Authors: KALAYCI Taner
Published: September 2022

In this study, the magnetoresistance properties of multilayered structures consisting of five different combinations of Pt and Co thin layers were studied in the room temperature range. Thin films were prepared by using magnetron sputtering techniques in ultra-high vacuum conditions. It has been found that the percentage of MR decreases as the thickness of the spacer layer thickness increases. For 3 nm thickness, 0.16% MR ratio is obtained, while for 4 and 5 nm these values are 0.15% and 0.10% respectively. In addition, as reference layer thickness increases, MR values are 0.10%, 0.11% and 0.15%, respectively. These results show that the prepared thin film sets can be used in technological applications such as MR based sensors and spin field transistors.
Métricas em reumatologia pediátrica
Authors: Caparroz Ana Luiza Mendes Amorim , Clemente Gleice , Aikawa Nádia Emi , Guissa Vanessa Ramos
Published: September 2022

Nas últimas décadas, índices compostos para avaliar atividade de doença, resposta terapêutica e dano em pacientes com doenças reumáticas foram elaborados e validados para uso na população pediátrica. A artrite idiopática juvenil (AIJ) apresentou grande avanço nesse campo. Nos anos 1990 foi elaborado o ACR Pedi para AIJ, de acordo com os critérios do ACR para a artrite reumatoide. A partir de então, foi elaborado o JADAS, escore composto de quatro variáveis, para quantificar atividade de doença na AIJ e sua versão clínica (cJADAS), onde não se contabiliza o valor de VHS/PCR. De acordo com o número de articulações ativas incluídas, obtém-se JADAS71, JADAS27 e JADAS10. Há ainda o JADAS sistêmico, que inclui um quinto item para manifestação sistêmica, e o Juvenile SpA disease activity (JSpADA), recentemente desenvolvido para avaliar atividade de doença na espondiloartrite juvenil. O dano crônico na AIJ é calculado através do Juvenile Arthritis Damage Index (JADI), composto pelos JADI-A (articular) e JADI-E (extra-articular). As ferramentas para avaliar atividade no lúpus eritematoso sistêmico juvenil (LESJ) são as mesmas utilizadas na população adulta (SLEDAI e BILAG), e apresentam boa sensibilidade na pediatria. O dano no LESJ pode ser mensurado através da versão pediátrica do SLICC/ACR-DI. Há dois escores para monitoramento de vasculites sistêmicas específicos para população pediátrica: o Paediatric Vasculitis Activity Score (PVAS), derivado do BVASv.3 modificado, e o Paediatric Vasculitis Damage Index (PVDI), derivado do VDI. Na dermatomiosite juvenil, a atividade global da doença é mensurada pelo Disease Activity Score (DAS), e a avaliação da força muscular pelo Childhood Myositis Assessment Scale (CMAS) e Manual Muscle Testing (MMT). Child Health Questionnaire – Parent Form 50 (CHQ–PF50), o Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL™) version 4.0 são instrumentos para avaliar qualidade de vida, validados na população pediátrica e factíveis na prática clínica.

Unitermos: Métricas. Reumatologia pediátrica. Atividade de doença. Dano de doença. AIJ.
Síndrome de Sjögren: ESSDAI, fluxo salivar, escore oftalmológico e olho seco
Authors: Gennari Juliana D’Agostino , Morais Louise d’Abadia
Published: September 2022

A síndrome de Sjögren primária (SSp) é uma doença inflamatória e crônica que pode apresentar manifestações glandulares e sistêmicas (presentes entre 20% e 40% dos casos). Para melhor avaliação dos pacientes com essa doença, métricas que avaliam essas manifestações podem ser utilizadas, dentre elas temos o EULAR Sjögren’s syndrome patient report index (ESSPRI), que avalia sintomas de secura, fadiga e dor articular; o EULAR Sjögren’s syndrome disease activity index (ESSDAI), que avalia atividade sistêmica da doença, resposta ao tratamento e prognóstico; já os índices de dano são representados pelo Sjögren’s syndrome disease damage index (SSDDI) e o Sjögren’s syndrome damage index (SSDI). Também podemos nos utilizar de testes subjetivos e objetivos de avaliação de olho seco (questionário de xeroftalmia, teste de Schirmer, tempo de ruptura lacrimal e Ocular Surface Disease Index – OSDI); os testes subjetivos e objetivos de boca seca (questionário de xerostomia, fluxo salivar não estimulado e estimulado, cintilografia de glândulas salivares, ultrassonografia de glândulas salivares maiores e biópsia de glândula salivar menor) e outros índices ou métricas que podem ser específicos ou não da SSp, como os que avaliam fadiga e qualidade de vida.

Unitermos: Síndrome de Sjögren. Métricas. Questionários. Olho seco. Boca seca.
Métricas para osteoartrite
Authors: Barreto Nestor , Fuller Ricardo , Dório Murillo
Published: September 2022

A osteoartrite (OA) é uma das doenças reumáticas mais comuns, sendo importante causa de dor crônica, incapacidade e redução da qualidade de vida. A padronização de métricas de avaliação da morbidade ocasionada por esta doença é indispensável para a realização de estudos clínicos, ainda que seu uso no dia a dia seja menos frequente na prática do reumatologista. Para este fim, as métricas precisam demonstrar validade e reprodutibilidade, além de avaliar os domínios principais de acometimento da doença. Nesse contexto, vários índices de avaliação surgiram nas últimas décadas. Nesta revisão, apresentamos os domínios avaliados mais relevantes em estudos clínicos de OA, definidos pelo Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) e Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI), bem como as métricas mais comumente utilizadas, destacando as particularidades de cada uma. Além da Escala Visual Analógica (EVA) para dor, destacamos o Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS), Escore de Lequesne, Australian/Canadian Hand Osteoarthritis Index (AUSCAN), Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ) e o Functional Index for Hand Osteoarthritis (FIHOA). Entre as que avaliam imagem, destacamos a classificação de Kellgren-Lawrence (KL), o MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Score (MOAKS) e o Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS).

Unitermos: Osteoartrite. Métricas. Desfechos. Dor. Funcionalidade.
Electronic Health Records in Dental Education: A Scoping Review and Quantitative Analysis of Publications
Authors: Junqueira Zanin Iriana Carla
Published: September 2022

The use of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) by dentists is already a reality in several countries, including Brazil, both in private practices and in higher education institutions, also providing data for oral health surveillance and epidemiology. The purpose of this scoping review was to search the literature for publications on the importance, applicability, efficacy and ease of the use of electronic medical records in dental education. Following the terms of the PRISMA-ScR, this review sought publications on the use of EHRs in dentistry schools. The databases used in the search were Pubmed, BVS, Web of Science, Scopus and ProQuest, without language limitations and publication period, using the terms ‘Dental School’, ‘Dental Education’ and ‘Electronic Health Records’. Initially, the search resulted in 548 articles. After reading the abstract, full text and removing duplicates, 63 were included. Then, it was divided in three groups according to main thematic: EHRs implementation (n = 25); Data obtained from Dental Schools EHRs used for publications (n = 26); EHRs system efficacy and challenges (n = 12). The use of electronic medical records in the teaching of dentistry collaborates positively with the development of students during graduation. We believe that this alternative of searching and collecting information will be increasingly used in epidemiological studies, due to its practicality and objectivity.
Clinical Efficacy and Skin Bioengineering Evaluations of a Semi-Occlusive Healing Ointment as an Adjuvant Therapy in Hand Eczema
Authors: Varothai Supenya
Published: September 2022

Background: Hand Eczema (HE) is the most common skin problem during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic which has impaired quality of life, impact work ability and cause hand dysfunction. The use of Topical Corticosteroid (TCS) alone can delay HE healing.

Objective: To determine the efficacy of a semi-occlusive ointment containing panthenol, glycerol and bisabolol as an adjuvant therapy to TCS in mild-to-moderate HE.

Methods: An open-label prospective study was conducted of 60 patients with mild-to-moderate HE. The tested product was applied to both hands, two or three times a day every 4 to 6 hours for 8 weeks. There was then a 4-week cessation period. Disease severity was assessed by physician/patient scoring systems, Corneometer, Tewameter and Visioscan that were collected at week 0, 2, 4, 8 and 12.

Results: Fifty-six patients completed the study. The patients had a mean age of 42.8 years and were mostly female. The median duration of HE was 12.0 years. The physician and patient global assessment scores of clinical severity; erythema, dryness, itching and functional impairment, were significantly reduced starting at week 2 compared with baseline. After the 4-week cessation of the tested product, patient loosed the product efficacies. The proportion of patients who used TCS tended to decrease during the study period. Skin hydration was significantly improved at week 4. No unwanted effects found.

Conclusion: A semi-occlusive healing ointment with panthenol, glycerol and bisabolol was effective and safe for treating mild-to-moderate HE. Our study identified an adjuvant ointment choice for HE treatment other than TCS.
Integration Value Engineering with Target Costs into the Design and Development Stage from the Product Lifecycle A case study of the Electronic Industries Company – Baghdad
Authors:   Baghdad College of Economic Sciences University-Baghdad, IRAQ, Al-rikabi Dr. Naji Shayeb
Published: September 2022

The integration of value engineering with target costs is one of the important tools for any economic unit that aspires to add value to itself by achieving a competitive advantage and satisfying its customers. During the analysis of the functions of the product with high costs in order to be able to reduce these costs while maintaining the quality of the job and the efficiency of product performance, and as a result of using the target costs in the analysis and extracting the value index for each component of the color TV (the research sample) produced by the Electronic Industries Company, it was found that three Components of color TV components with high costs of 50,000 dinars compared to imported color TV and these components are (screen, remote control, internal equipment) if their value index is more than one, which requires reducing their costs. Some components of color TV need to be re-designed using value engineering in order to bring their costs down to the cost of competitors.
Genetic variability and host specialization among brazilian populations of Ceratocystis fimbriata s.l.
Authors:   , Fernandes Fernando Montezano
Published: September 2022

Ceratocystis fimbriata is one of the most important woody plant pathogens worldwide. The fungi colonize the vascular tissue, causing stains on the wood and death of branches or whole plants. Due the wide range of hosts, it is possible that adapted populations of C. fimbriata have been selected to specific hosts and that there is high genetic and physiological variability within the pathogen population. The knowledge of physiological factors that determine host range and host specificity are important aspects for disease management. Therefore, the aims of this study were: (i) determine the specializing for their hosts of 11 isolates on eight hosts; (ii) to investigate the karyotype of isolates of the C. fimbriata species complex from different host plants and geographical origins in Brazil and; (iii) assessed the variability genetic of karyotyped isolates using retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphism (REMAP). In addition, the identity of the isolates was confirmed conducting multilocus phylogeny using DNA sequences of mating type genes, TEF-1α, and β-tubulin. The analysis based on the C. fimbriata microsatellite (SSR) profiles showed a separation of isolates according to the host. Based on the results of inoculation of 11 isolates on eight hosts, a wide variation in aggressiveness was found. The isolates that were used in this study were more aggressive in their respective hosts. Some hosts, however, were susceptible to isolates from other hosts. Considering the length of xylem lesion caused by C. fimbriata isolates, F. carica was the most susceptible to the isolates tested, followed by M. indica. Only T. cacao and C. guianensis isolates proved to be specialized by their hosts. Polymorphism in chromosome number and size was found, indicating the existence of genomic differences among isolates and occurrence of chromosomal rearrangements in the species complex. The number of chromosomes varied from six to eight and the estimated minimum chromosome sizes were estimated to be between 2.7 to 6.0 Mbp. Small polymorphic chromosomes were observed in all isolates, raising the hypothesis that they could be supernumerary chromosomes. Because chromosomal variation can be caused by transposable elements (TEs), we also assessed the variability of the same isolates using retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphism (REMAP) molecular marker. REMAP analysis of karyotyped isolates revealed genetic variability and isolates from the same host tend to group in a same cluster.Keywords: Chromosomal rearrangements. Genomic architecture. PFGE. Ceratocystis wilt. Cross-inoculations. Physiological variability.
Pochonia boninensis como agente de controle biológico de patógenos habitantes do solo
Authors:   , Alves Lucas Castro
Published: September 2022

Alguns dos principais patógenos que acometem a cultura do tomate são Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii e Meloidogyne javanica. O fungo Pochonia chlamydosporia já é amplamente utilizado por produtores para combater os nematoides e traz o adicional de disponibilizar nutrientes para as plantas. Em um estudo anterior, o extrato fúngico de um isolado pertencente a espécie Pochonia boninensis demonstrou aptidão para o controle de doenças fúngicas de parte aérea no tomateiro. Sendo assim, este trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar se esse isolado de P. boninensis promove o crescimento de plantas de tomate e reduz doenças causadas por patógenos habitantes do solo. Os experimentos realizados contra os patógenos R. solani e S. rolfsii demonstraram que tanto o fungo P. boninensis quanto os extratos fúngicos não foram capazes de reduzir a incidência das doenças causada pelos patógenos fúngicos. Em contrapartida, nos experimentos in vivo realizados contra o fitonematoide M. javanica, o fungo P. boninensis reduziu em até 60% a população do nematoide. Além disso, foi observada uma ação direta de colonização de ovos e juvenis de segundo estádio do nematoide pelo fungo em um teste in vitro. O fungo promoveu o crescimento das plantas em relação ao tratamento testemunha, aumentando os valores de parâmetros de massa de parte aérea e de raiz, assim como de eficiência no uso da água e eficiência fotossintética. O fungo P. boninensis possui a capacidade de solubilizar fósforo, como observado em experimento in vitro, devido aos ácidos orgânicos produzidos pelo microrganismo. Apesar de não ter sido eficiente no controle dos fungos fitopatogênicos R. solani e S. rolfsii, o isolado Pc17 de P. boninenses é promissor para se tornar ingrediente ativo de produto comercial, já que demonstrou eficiência no controle de M. javanica, capacidade de promoção de crescimento do tomateiro e de solubilização de fósforo, todas características apreciadas em um agente de controle biológico. Palavras-chave: Meloidogyne javanica. Metabolitos secundários. Manejo integrado de doenças.
Proteomic and metabolic impacts of the lack of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase E1 subunit in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors:   , Vargas Jonas Rafael
Published: September 2022

The enzyme 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (2OGDH) is a tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme. This enzyme is a multi-enzymatic complex formed by three subunits that together are responsible for catalyzing the conversion of 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) into succinyl-CoA with the release of NADH and CO 2 in the mitochondrial matrix. This enzyme is described as an important point of regulation and link between the metabolism of carbon and nitrogen since in its absence, important processes in the plant such as respiration, photosynthesis and nitrogen assimilation are altered. One way this enzyme exerts control over the metabolism is through the control in the levels of its substrate, 2OG, that is also used for the synthesis of amino acids in the chloroplast. In addition, 2OG plays a role in cell signaling and expression regulation through PII proteins and the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases. In order to help elucidate responses associated with the lack of specific subunits of 2OGDH complex, we set out to analyze the impact caused by the lack of the E1 subunit of the 2OGDH enzyme on the proteome of plants grown under control conditions and also approach the contributions of this enzyme in the response of plants to imposition and recovery of abiotic stress. As a result, we observed that the lack of the E1 subunit of the 2OGDH enzyme is related to a reduction in photosynthetic and photorespiratory metabolisms proteins that may explain the large growth reductions observed in the mutant plants. We also observed that during the period of stress and recovery, the lack of the E1 subunit has a greater impact on the metabolism of roots that respond more quickly to stress, where alternative pathways such as GABA shunt can be activated in order to overcome the lack of this enzyme, and during recovery carbon metabolism is prioritized over nitrogen in the roots. Keywords: 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase. Proteome. Abiotic stress. Respiration. Arabidopsis
Ensaios sobre cópulas: aplicação ao agronegócio e seleção de modelos via AIC e BIC
Authors:   , Lacerda Mauricio Silva
Published: September 2022

A compreensão acerca da dependência entre duas ou mais séries históricas é de grande importância para pesquisadores, produtores rurais, investidores e demais en- volvidos nas séries de forma direta e indireta. Os modelos que vem ganhando desta- que na mensuração da forma e da estrutura dessa dependência tem sido os diversos modelos de cópulas presentes na literatura, em especial as cópulas: gaussiana, t de Student, Clayton, Frank, Gumbel e Joe. Esta tese é composta por dois trabalhos, um envolvendo aplicações de modelos de cópulas em conjunto de dados reais e o ou- tro metodológico. No primeiro analisou-se os impactos causados pela expansão da cana-de-açúcar no preço da soja e boi gordo para os estados de São Paulo, Goiás e Mato Grosso do Sul. O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar a associação dos movi- mentos conjuntos dos retornos dos preços regionais da cana-de-açúcar e das culturas concorrentes no uso da terra, verificando se a implantação da cana-de-açúcar vem gerando impacto nos preços dos alimentos cultivados nessa região. No segundo ar- tigo analisou-se a precisão dos métodos de seleção de cópulas (AIC e BIC) por meio de simulações. O objetivo deste segundo trabalho foi verificar os possíveis erros que se incorre ao escolher um modelo de cópulas para um conjunto de dados reais, so- bretudo para amostras pequenas, com menos de 200 observações, por exemplo. Os resultados encontrados no primeiro trabalho detectou-se dependência fraca entre as séries históricas das commodities analisadas, com destaque para a maior dependência encontrada, sendo 0,13 para o par Cana x Boi para o Estado de Goiás, indicando que a expansão da cana-de-açúcar para esses estados gerou baixo impacto nos preços das demais culturas tradicionais na região. Para o segundo artigo verificou-se taxas de acerto elevadas, acima de 90%, ainda para amostras pequenas (n < 150), quando as séries possuem medidas de dependência maiores (T = 0,5 e 0,75). Ao passo que, para a medida de dependência menor (7 = 0,25) foram necessários tamanhos amos- trais maiores (n > 200), em alguns casos (n > 400), para se obter altas taxas de acertos, acima de 90%, por exemplo. Palavras-chave: Setor sucroalcooleiro. Seleção de modelos. Tamanho amostral.
Drug Repositioning For The Prophylaxis And Treatment Of Covid-19
Authors:   Al-ghad international college for applied medical sciences, Najran, Saudi Arabia, Al-Noaemi Mohammed Chyad
Published: September 2022

Coronaviruses are large, enveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses and belong to the family coronaviridae. Other viruses from the same family include the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), which appeared in 2002 in China, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV ), which appeared in 2012 in Saudi Arabia. In december 2019, several patients from Wuhan, China were admitted with symptoms of pneumonia. A new virus was identified and initially called the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). On january 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) named the disease as “COVID-19” which is coronavirus disease 2019. On March 11, 2020, the WHO described its outbreak as a pandemic. Chloroquine (CQ), the antimalarial drug, elicit antiviral effects against several viruses. Previous studies reported the antiviral activity of CQ against many human coronaviruses (HCoVs) such as SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and HCoV-OC43. Recent in vitro studies (2020) reported that CQ and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection. In China, in February 2020 over 100 patients treated with (CQ) resulted in significant improvement of pneumonia. In France, on March 17, 2020, some of the COVID-19 patients were treated with (HCQ) and others treated with HCQ in combination with azithromycin to prevent bacterial infection.
Recovery from the Mixed Pseudomonas Aerugonosa-Anaerobic Infection Followed the Car Trauma in the Worker With Unstable Angina Pectoris and Diabetes II
Authors:   CEO, Executive Chairman, President of Microbial Biocatalyst International, Inc. and Inorgcarbdiesel, Inc, USA, Tyurin Michael
Published: September 2022

The volunteer with the unstable Angina Pectoris was treated from his Diabetes II and his right arm inflammation by the combination of the two antibiotics carbenicillin and lincomicin as that was described before. Unstable stenocardia became very stable after the treatment of Diabetes II. The volunteer has experienced no any heart pains after Diabetes II cure even at the increased muscle activities. The complete recovery of the volunteer expands the spectrum of the antibacteria activity of the combintnation of carbenicillin and lincomycin against Presudomonas aeruginosa to wards certain strains of anarobic microorganisms, typical inhabitants of human teef
Agroecology Means of Combating Desertification and Deforestation
Authors:   University of Segou, Faculty of Agronomy and Animal Medicine, Mali, Kangama Cheick Oumar
Published: September 2022

Recognized as effective and sustainable by agronomists for years, agroecology finally has its place in +global debates: it was at the heart of discussions at the One Planet Summit. But is it really a large-scale solution to combine environmental preservation, food security and socio-economic development?
Evaluation of Heavy Metals Contamination on Soil Physicochemical Properties in Selected Areas of Central Rift Valley of Eastern Shoa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Authors:   Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Holeta Agricultural Research Center (HARC), P.O. BOX 32, Holeta, Ethiopia, Bedassa Miheretu
Published: September 2022

This study was conducted to determine the effect of heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Cd, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn) contamination on soil physic-chemical properties around Mojo, Meki and Ziway farmlans area. The air dried soil was digested, using wet digestion method for heavy metals and physico-chemical properties of soil such as pH, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, organic carbon, organic matter and particle size were determined. The levels of the heavy metals were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrometer. Applying statistical packages, analysis of variances and correlation between heavy metals levels and soil physic-chemical properties were evaluated. The pH values of the soil samples range from 8.09 - 8.34 which shows the soils of Mojo, Meki and Ziway are moderately alkaline (8.4–7.9). The result show that pH is positively correlated with OC, CEC, Clay and Cd but negatively correlated with Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb, Mn, silt, sand and Fe.
Assessement of Radiation and Determination of Heavy Metals in Underground Water in Oju, Obi and Otukpo Local Government Areas of Benue State
Authors:   Department of Physics, Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria, Omenka Ode Samuel , Hope Egede Owulo ,   Department of Physics, Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria
Published: September 2022

Assessment of radiation and determination of heavy metals in underground water was achieved with the use of Atomic Absorption Spectrometer PG990 (AAS) in the determination of heavy metals at Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry in Benue State University, Makurdi. Radiation Alert Meter was used to assess the radiation level on the water at the respective study centers. The investigation showed average radiation from borehole water in the samples to range from 0.003μSv/hr to 0.020μSv/hr and was below the recommended value which guaranteed an exposure level lower than 0.10 mSvy1 . Also, the average radiation from hand dug water ranges from 0.003 μSv/hr to 0.017 μSv/hr which amounted to an exposure lower than 0.1 mSvy-1. Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Nickel (Ni) and Lead (Pb) were identified as heavy metals from both the hand dug well and the borehole water. The result showed safety in the use of these two sources of water.
Renewed Interest in Cholera Control
Authors:   Department of Internal Medicine, Bengal Faith Hospital, Burdwan, West Bengal, India, Bhattacharya Sujit K
Published: September 2022

Cholera is an ancient disease of significant public health importance accounting for approximately 1.3-4 million cases worldwide and about 21000–143,000 deaths. Cholera is endemic in many developing countries where sanitation is poor and lack in safe water. The disease has the potential to cause large-scale epidemics and pandemics. The ongoing seventh pandemic has spread to more than 100 countries since its origin in 1961 in Indonesia. Travellers from developed countries travelling to cholera endemic areas are at higher risk of getting cholera. Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) has revolutionized the treatment of cholera and causes reduction of mortality. ORT has saved the lives of millions of children all over the world and is considered the single most significant discovery in medicine of the century. Effective oral cholera vaccines have been developed and are being used but not to its full potential to control cholera. Since the disease burden due to cholera is huge and we have the tools to combat cholera, particularly reduce mortality, it is imperative that the global communities should embark on cholera control as an urgent priority of human health. Cholera control should be viewed as a poverty alleviation programme for the marginalised population. The current pandemic of COVID-19 overwhelmed the economy and healthcare systems so much so that the health authorities undermined the cholera control measures even during ongoing epidemics of cholera. The World Health Organization (WHO) has reframed the strategy with renewed interest on cholera control with a target of reducing the mortality from cholera by 90 percent by 2030. Member countries should mobilize enough funds for the programme and actively implement it. Improvement of sanitation and safe water for all should continue as long-term solution for combating the menace of cholera.
Covid 19 Morbidity and Case Fatality Rate: An Analysis of Possible Confounding Factors
Authors:   Medical Doctor, Specialist and Emeritus Professor of Public Health, PhD Honoris Causa in Health and Education Sciences, Former Minister of Health of the People’s Republic of Mozambique (1975-80), Former Senior Official of WHO (1985-96), Former Member of several WHO expert committees, Helder F B MARTINS
Published: September 2022

Introduction: When the first report appeared of a protective effect of universal BCG vaccination on COVID- 19 morbidity and case fatality rates, as well as referring to previous papers on the nonspecific protective effects of BCG, our interest was raised, because Mozambique was in an unusual position in relation to BCG vaccination. Based on our knowledge of the history of global public health, we constructed a table with the number of cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 inhabitants and the case fatality rate of the countries that had carried out universal BCG vaccination for a long period (India, Japan and the ex-USSR countries), compared to countries without a universal BCG vaccination programme. We found that countries that had carried out universal BCG vaccination for a long period had much lower case/population ratios and case fatality rates than those without a universal BCG vaccination programme. This exercise was repeated three times, during the month of April, with consistent results. These results made us take the decision to undertake a study of possible confounding factors Mozambique became independent in June 1975, and immediately after carried out a mass vaccination campaign with the six antigens of the recently created EPI. Smallpox vaccine was added, in order to consolidate smallpox eradication. WHO, at that time, was against vaccination campaigns, but an exceptional agreement was obtained. The campaign took place from the north to the south of the country, from February 1976 to January 1978. Every province started a routine EPI programme as soon as the campaign finished. In the campaign, all children 15 years old or younger received BCG vaccine. The coverage rate in the campaign was 97%, with 99% in the capital city of Maputo. Subsequently, the coverage rate of BCG vaccination at birth in the EPI has been always remarkably high in urban areas. In rural areas, coverage has been irregular, but has been at least 80% in the past 25 years. Therefore, most of the urban population aged 58 or less has received BCG, and so has an important part of the rural population. Such a high coverage of BCG is exceedingly rare in the world.
Invasive Papillary Carcinoma of the Breast in a Male: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors:   Department of Pathology, Mohamed V Military Hospital, Mohammed V University, Hay Riad, Rabat, Morocco, Reda El Ochi Mohamed
Published: September 2022

Breast tumors are commonly found in women. Hereby we report a case of invasive papillary carcinoma of the breast in a 65 years old male who presented at our department with 6 months history of left breast pain. Ultrasonographic (US) examination showed a well demarcated nodule measuring 1,8 cm of diameter. A biopsy was performed and the pathological examination revealed an invasive carcinoma not otherwise specified. After discussion the patient underwent modified radical mastectomy, which showed invasive solid papillary carcinoma. The patient has been well on adjuvant chemotherapy without any recurrence for 6 months.
Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy at the 5th Celpa/Kindu Eye Care Center
Authors:   Physician Head of the Ophthalmology Department, Jean Paul Lukinga Witanene
Published: September 2022

The present retrospective, descriptive study from January 01, 2009 to December 31, 2011 in the city of Kindu with 9,798 patients registered at the 5th CELPA Eye Care Center for a period of two years from which we selected 525 cases of Diabetic Retinopathy for a technique sampling of documentary analysis of cases recorded in the patient register. Was initiated to determine the prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in the city of Kindu and its surroundings. Patients and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study collected retrospective conducted from January 01, 2009 to December 31, 2011 at the 5th CELPA eye care center in the city of Kindu from 525 cases of DR selected from the registers of hospitalisé and outpatients. Results: DR is as common in type I diabetes as in type II diabetes. The reason for this difference is that type I diabetes is more aggressive than type II. The year 2010 there was a high frequency of patients compared to other years, this is justified by the fact that during this year there were several eye surgery campaigns for visiting doctors and this was free of charge. Our study has proven that men were examined a lot during this period than women, this is explained: the women of Maniema do not have sufficient means to access eye care only men who can decide. The maximum age group between 60-89 years is more affected compared to beings age groups, this is explained the disease is related to age, more people of the third age. Conclusion: The Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy is considerable and it is accentuated by bilaterality, late detection of this condition predominates in the elderly constituting a real public health problem.
Relevance and Limitations in the Expression of Immunotherapy IHC Markers in Penile Cancer (HPV Male Vaccine). An Outcome in Evolution
Authors:   Independent Investigator, Graciela Rosa Ghirardi ,   Private Pathology Laboratory. Deán Funes 980, Torre 2, Dept 4 “E”, Centro, X5000AA Cordoba, Argentina, South America, Caballero Carmelo ,   Carmelo Caballero, Paraguay, South America
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Penile cancer is not common in developed countries, although it is common in some Latin American countries. It is related to cervical cancer, it has two independent cancer pathways, according to its link or not, with HPV. Therefore, it is relevant to promote vaccination in young men. Given the clinical / oncological management has new treatment proposals based on immunotherapy (IT), which favors preservation of the organ, the pathology reports must be increasingly strict in terms of classification, Immunohistochemical (IHC) markers, and therapeutic strategies. Objectives: To assess the perspective on the use of established HPV and IT IHC markers to establish the relevance of their use; determine the specificity and sensitivity of the markers through IHC. Materials and methods: 27 samples of penile cancer were evaluated, from patients from Paraguay, who underwent HPV IHC and IT to establish their relevance with 16 markers. Results: The IHQ markers: MCM2, MDM2 and HSP-27 were very significant in the cancer / HPV ratio; PDL-1, CD4, CD8 and B7H3 were relevant for IT. According to our results, we recommend the HSP-27 and the B7H3 as markers. Conclusion: The management of samples and histopathological typing should be performed by experienced pathologists in the pathogenesis, classification and therapeutic of penile cancer. It remains to unveil its real practical use, the degree of participation of agents and or cofactors, the local and systemic immune response, new drugs and vaccine efficacy. We suggest expanding the number of cases to confirm these results.
Evaluation of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor variants circulating in Sindh Pakistan
Authors: Mughal Amjad Ali , Kazi Yasmeen Faiz , Bokhari Habib , Shar Nisar Ahmed
Published: September 2022

Objective: To investigate the existence of genetically diverse vibrio cholerae variant strains in a rural Sindh district, and to find out the phylogenetic relationship of indigenous vibrio cholerae strains.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2014 to May 2016 in Khairpur, Pakistan, and comprised stool samples/rectal swabs collected from the main and city branches of the Khairpur Medical College Teaching Hospital, and the Pir Abdul Qadir Shah Jeelani Institute of Medical Sciences, Gambat. The samples were identified using standard microbiological, biochemical, serological techniques and polymerase chain reaction targeting the ompW gene. Whole genome sequencing and bioinformatics tool MUMmer 3.2.3 was used to compare indigenous and contemporary vibrio cholerae strains circulating in the province of Sindh. Neighbour-joining tree method was used to construct the phylogenic tree.
Results: Of the 360 samples, 76(21.11%) were found positive for vibrio cholera strains. The species-specific ompW gene was amplified at the correct size of 588bp. The isolates belonged to serogroup Inaba, O1, biotype El Tor.  Unique sequences with same genomic coordinates showed that test strains were not similar to the reference sequence. Conserved genome sequences showed that 12 Out of 16 (75%) of the test strains were similar to each Other except the 3 strains isolated from Khairpur and 1 from Karachi. Multiple sequence alignment of the regions translated into protein showed that 13 out of 16 (81.25%) test strains were similar except 2 strains from Khairpur and 1 From Karachi. The phylogenetic tree showed that all isolated strains descended from the same ancestor along with the reference strain.
Conclusions: Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor variant existed in Khairpur.
Key Words: Cholera, Vibrio cholerae, Variant, Khairpur, Phylogeny, MUMmer.
Determining critical gaps in implementation of WHO and UNICEF's 7-point plan in diarrhoea control and prevention strategy: A cross sectional study in District Swabi, Pakistan
Authors: Ibrahim Muhammad , Azam Naila , Riaz Mehwish , Mahmood Humaira , Tabassum Farah , Rawail Taharat
Published: September 2022

Objective: To determine the critical gaps in knowledge and practices of mothers/caregivers in the management of diarrhoea in children at home.
Method: The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2019 to August 2020 at primary health centres across Swabi district of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, and comprised mothers/caregivers presenting with children aged <5 years suffering from diarrhoea. Barriers to childhood diarrhoea prevention and control were identified in accordance with the 7-point plan adopted by the federal government in 2009. Data was analysed using SPSS 23.
Results: There were 287 mothers with a mean age of 26.8±5.39 years (range: 17-42 years). The mean age of the children was 24.85±12.72 months (range: 2-55 months). Among the mothers, 145 (51.5%) had received no schooling, 83(29%) had primary level schooling, 56(19.5%) secondary level and 3(1%) had received higher-level education. Only 63(22%) were aware of the use of oral rehydration salts and 32(11%) knew about the need of using zinc in diarrhoea. Safe water was available in 14(5%) households. Hand hygiene awareness was low, as 169(59%) mothers were washing hands with soap. Household access to toilet facility was 247(86%). Preventive health services were good with overall breastfeeding practices 204(71%) and children vaccination 244(85%.)
Conclusion: Majority of mothers were found to be well aware of breastfeeding practices and the children had adequate vaccination coverage. There was a wide gap in direct awareness and practices of mothers about sanitation and hygiene and also home-based management of diarrhoeal diseases in children.
Key Words: Diarrhoea, Sanitation and hygiene, Mothers, ORS, 7-point plan.
Invasive fungal disease in critically ill and Immunocompromised patients
Authors: Shazia Shaukat  , Irfan Ali Mirza  , Rafia Irfan  , Mariam Sarwar  , Umar khurshid  , Wajid Hussain
Published: September 2022

Objective: To study the frequency and type of invasive fungal disease in critically ill and immunocompromised patients.
Method: The prospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from January 2017 to December 2020, and comprised pathological samples from immunocompromised and critically ill patients for fungal culture. Data regarding demographics, comorbidities, results of direct microscopy and fungal culture was recorded. Data was analysed using SPSS 22.
Results: Of the 8285 patients specimens, 4722(57%) belonged to males and 3563(43%) to females. The mean age of the patients was 48.32±5.42 years (range: 14-98 years). Out of total 8285, 3465(41.82%) were related to blood, 2640(32%) endobronchial washing, 837(10%) sputum, 623(7.5%) tissue, 332(4%) body fluids, 288(3.5%) bronchoalveoar lavage and 100(1.2%) cerebrospinal fluid. Aspergillus flavus (20.7%) and candida albicans (14.5%) were the two most commonly isolated fungal species.
Conclusion: A high index of suspicion for invasive fungal disease should be maintained in immunocompromised and critically ill patients.
Key Words: Invasive fungal disease, Critically ill, Immunocompromised, Candida spp., Aspergillus spp.
Educação ambiental referenciada em Paulo Freire realizada em ambiente virtual
Authors: Sheila Ceccon
Published: September 2022

Este artigo estabelece relações entre os princípios filosóficos, políticos e pedagógicos de Paulo Freire, registrados em alguns livros do autor publicados em diferentes momentos de sua vida, e a educação ambiental crítica. Na sequência, analisa uma experiência de educação ambiental realizada em ambiente virtual e promove reflexões sobre o desafio de ser freiriana/o na educação a distância.Aanálise da experiência se dá a partir da formação de professores desenvolvida pela organização sem fins lucrativos formigas-de-embaúba, em 2021, no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19.O estudo foi feito tendo por referência 5 categorias do pensamento de Paulo Freire: a educação compreendida como ato político, a Leitura de Mundo como ponto de partida e de chegada, o diálogo como pressuposto do fazer educativo, os Círculos de Cultura como opção político pedagógica e a problematização como princípio. Este artigo compartilha o caminho de educação ambiental a distância percorrido e apresenta dados qualitativos e quantitativos da experiência.
Educação Ambiental Crítico-transformadora e o que fazer dos educadores ambientais do IFSC
Authors: Gladis Teresinha Slonski  , Juliana Rezende Torres
Published: September 2022

O presente estudo compreende parte da tese de doutorado da primeira autora e teve como objetivo identificar e analisar o quefazer dos docentes de disciplinas de educação ambiental dos cursos do Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina identificando os condicionantes e as potencialidades para o desenvolvimento da Educação Ambiental Crítico-transformadora via temas geradores.Para isso, foi realizada uma análise dos projetos pedagógicos dos cursos oferecidos e dos planos de ensino de disciplinas de educação ambiental. Além da análise documental, buscamos uma aproximação com os educadores ambientais através de um questionário. Os resultados indicam que muito embora o quefazer desses professores, tenha um potencial emancipatório, por estar voltado para um processo educativo comprometido com o processo de transformações da realidade, como não está fundamentado no quefazer em Educação Ambiental Crítico-transformadora, isto é, no desenvolvimento da dinâmica de Investigação Temática, acaba por se distanciar dessa concepção de Educação Ambiental.
Paulo Freire e a Educação Ambiental no Programa de Pós-graduação em Ensino de Ciências da UFMS
Authors: Angela Maria Zanon  , Suzete Rozana de Castro Wiziack  , Icléia Albuquerque de Vargas
Published: September 2022

O texto analisa o pensamento de Paulo Freire presente em investigações de Educação  Ambiental (EA) de um Programa de Pós Graduação em Ensino de Ciências  que  possui como  área de concentração, a  Educação Ambiental. Com o objetivo de identificar quantas,  quais, porque e como utilizam o referencial freiriano no desenvolvimento da pesquisa, numa perspectiva qualitativa  de análise,  o estudo do tipo Estado de Conhecimento foi realizado com a coleta de dados  no banco de dissertações e teses do  programa. Os resultados revelam um considerável   número de trabalhos que  utilizam Freire como aporte para a formação de professores,  abordagens curriculares, propostas metodológicas e para a produção de material didático.  Os principais conceitos de Freire  abordados  são: conscientização, Círculo de  Cultura,  Educação Problematizadora e Diálogo. Conclui-se que Paulo Freire é  o principal referencial utilizado nas pesquisas e que é abordado em diferentes perspectivas que oferecem possibilidades variadasde leitura do seu pensamento.
Proposta de plano de manutenção para um torno do laboratório de usinagem da Universidade de Brasília
Authors: Santiago Letícia Corrêa Bastianon , Nunes Bruno Souza , Amaral Ian Rocca , Conceição Márcio da Silva , Santos Aline Gonçalves dos , Oliveira Déborah de
Published: September 2022

As universidades públicas contribuem com a maior parte das pesquisas desenvolvidas no Brasil, principalmente a partir de estudos baseados em equipamentos disponíveis nos laboratórios das respectivas universidades. Em muitos casos, esses equipamentos são mantidos operacionais durante longos períodos através de operações de manutenção adequadas. Com foco na área de usinagem, esse fato se torna ainda mais relevante, uma vez que os equipamentos possuem muito robustez e durabilidade. A partir de um levantamento bibliométrico foi possível constatar que quase 50% dos estudos desenvolvidos em torneamento no país utilizam equipamentos com mais de 20 anos. Assim, este estudo tem como objetivo elaborar um plano de manutenção para os tornos disponíveis no Laboratório de Usinagem da Universidade de Brasília. Para isto, inicialmente identificou-se o tipo mais adequado de manutenção, seguido da determinação dos componentes de verificação. Após essa etapa foram selecionadas as atividades de verificação e os planos de implementação e controle. Através das etapas mencionadas, pode-se verificar que a manutenção preventiva, associada às ferramentas empregadas, se destaca para a conservação de tornos mecânicos. Além disso, este plano de manutenção tem objetivo de contribuir com demais laboratórios de ensino e pesquisa, podendo ser replicado para uso em outras máquinas.