bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of currency crisis in Indonesia using combined volatility and Markov regime switching models based on lending interest rate / deposit interest rate indicator
Authors: Sugiyanto  , Zukhronah E , Slamet I
Published: November 2019

In mid of 1997, a currency crisis had a severe impact on the economy in Indonesia. Based on this situation, it is necessary to build an early warning system to anticipate the crisis events. The crisis occurred due to some macro-economic indicators fluctuated very high and the change of regime. Combined volatility and Markov regime switching models suited to explain the crisis. In this article it was used indicator of lending interest rate / deposit interest rate from 1990 to 2018. The results showed that MRS-GARCH (3,1,1) model can explain the crisis. Based on this model, it can be predicted that in 2019 there was no sign of a currency crisis in Indonesia.
Numerical Study of Mixed Convection Heat Transfer in Methanol based Micropolar Nanofluid about a Horizontal Circular Cylinder
Authors: Swalmeh M Z , Alkasasbeh H T , Hussanan A , Mamat M
Published: November 2019

In this article, the mixed convection boundary layer flow about a horizontal circular cylinder with a micropolar nanofluid, which is maintained at a constant surface heat flux, has been investigated. Three types of nanoparticles with distinct conductivities, namely, graphene oxide, copper and copper oxide are considered and suspended in methanol based micropolar nanofluid. The governing equations are transformed into nonlinear PDEs by applying the similarity transformations and then solved numerically by an implicit finite difference scheme known as Keller-box method. The results for the local wall temperature, local skin friction coefficient, temperature, velocity and angular velocity are plotted and discussed for different parameters such as nanoparticles volume fraction and mixed convection parameter in view of thermo-physical properties of nanoparticles and base fluid. Moreover, numerical results for the local wall temperature and local skin friction coefficient are obtained. It is found that copper (Cu) suspended methanol based micropolar nanofluid have higher velocity than the copper oxide (CuO) or graphene oxide (GO) methanol based micropolar nanofluid. Comparison have been made with published results on Newtonian fluid under special cases and obtained in close agreement.
Williamson nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet with varied wall thickness and slip effects
Authors: Razi Shazwani Md , Soid Siti Khuzaimah , Abd Aziz Ahmad Sukri , Adli Noorashikin , Ali Zaileha Md
Published: November 2019

This study investigates the effects of slip parameters and velocity power index parameter along with wall thickness on the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) boundary layer flow of a Williamson nanofluid through a stretching sheet in porous medium. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using the relevant similarity variables. These nonlinear ODEs are solved numerically using the Runge-Kutta Fehlberg in MAPLE software. The effects of the pertinent parameters on the velocity, temperature and nanoparticle volume fraction profiles are presented graphically. The impact of the physical parameters on the skin friction coefficient, the local Nusselt number and the local Sherwood number are computed and analyzed. The velocity profile increases when the velocity slip parameter increases. The temperature slip and nanoparticle fraction slip parameters reduce the temperature and the nanoparticle volume fraction profiles respectively. The temperature and the nanoparticle volume fraction profiles significantly increase due to the increase in the velocity power index. An opposite behaviour is observed on different values of the wall thickness parameter when the power index is less than one compared to greater than one.
MHD boundary layer flow over a permeable flat plate in a ferrofluid with thermal radiation effect
Authors: Anuar Mohamed Muhammad Khairul , Abas Farah Nadia , Salleh Mohd Zuki
Published: November 2019

Adaptation from the thermal management with limited gravitational acceleration and excesses of radiation such as in aerospace, present study investigated the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) boundary layer flow and heat transfer of ferrofluid past a permeable flat plate with thermal radiation effects. The mathematical model which is in non-linear partial differential equations are transformed to a more convenient form by similarity transformation approach before being solved numerically using the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg (RKF45) method in MAPLE software. The characteristics and effects of pertinent parameters which are Prandtl number, magnetic parameter, thermal radiation parameter and the permeability parameter on the variation of Nusselt number and skin friction coefficient are analyzed and discussed. Three selected ferroparticles which are magnetite (Fe3O4), cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) and Mn-Zn ferrite (Mn-Zn Fe2O4) with water-based fluid are examined numerically.
Mathematical Modeling of Cancer Growth Process: A Review
Authors: Tabassum Shabana , Rosli Norhayati Binti , Binti Mazalan Mazma Sayahidatul Ayuni
Published: November 2019

Although cancer is a leading cause of death, a little is known about the mechanism of its growth and destruction. Mathematical models explaining these mechanisms are crucial to predict the behaviour of cancer cells proliferation. Perusal of the literature dealing with mathematical modelling of cancer initiation, proliferation and metastases is abundant. Mathematical models to simulate the growth rate of the cancer cells have been derived from both deterministic and stochastic considerations. Early model of tumor growth by diffusion was first introduced and then set the scene for many later mathematical models for solid tumors. In this article we review the deterministic and stochastic models that have been developing to discuss the tumor growth initiation and proliferation. The findings and interpretations are summarized, and the main research issues are highlighted.
Reflection and transmission coefficients from the superposition of various potentials
Authors: Boonserm P , Ngampitipan T , Sansuk K
Published: November 2019

The reflection and transmission coefficients describe the behavior of the matter wave incident on a potential barrier. They can be expressed in terms of the probability with which the matter wave can be reflected or transmitted. The central equation accounting for the behavior of the matter wave is the Schrödinger equation. The Schrödinger equation is the second order partial differential equation. However, in a stationary state, the Schrödinger equation is reduced to the time independent Schrödinger equation. This time independent Schrödinger equation is the second order linear ordinary differential equation. Since the time independent Schrödinger equation is linear, superposition of any of the two solutions to the time independent Schrödinger equation is also a solution. In this paper, we focus on the superposition of various potentials. The reflection and transmission coefficients from the superposition of various potentials are obtained. A comparison between the exact coefficients and those obtained by the 2 × 2 transfer matrix is made. The relationship between the transmission coefficient of the superposed potential and that of each individual potential is found. The results show that the transmission coefficient obtained from the 2 × 2 transfer matrix is of a lower bound on the exact transmission coefficient.
Non-uniqueness of solutions to a MHD stagnation-point flow over an exponentially permeable stretching/shrinking sheet with velocity slip
Authors: Jamaludin A , Nazar R , Pop I
Published: November 2019

In this study, a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stagnation-point boundary layer flow over an exponentially stretching/shrinking sheet with suction/injection and velocity slip effects is presented. The governing equations were first transformed into a non-linear ordinary differential equations with the help of similarity transformations. Following from there, the equations obtained were solved numerically utilizing the bvp4c programme in MATLAB. It was determined that the non-linear ordinary differential equations possessed non-uniqueness of solutions (dual solutions). Stability analysis was performed to verify the stability of the dual solutions obtained. The results revealed that the first solution was stable while the second solution was unstable. Apart from that, it was also found that as the magnetic, suction and velocity slip parameters increased, the range of the non-uniqueness of solutions increased correspondingly. Hence, it is proposed that the existence of magnetic, suction and velocity slip effects delayed the boundary layer separation.
Flow and heat transfer of MHD non-Newtonian power-law fluids due to rotating disk
Authors: Rosli N D K , Kechil S A
Published: November 2019

In flows over rotating disk, substantial additional flow phenomena arise due to the rotational forces or due to the nature of the three-dimensional boundary layer flows. The resulting flow characteristics can be very complex and almost every rotating system reveals novel and unexpected flow characteristics over a sufficiently wide range of variables which affect the hydrodynamic phenomena. This paper focuses on the flow and heat transfer in non-Newtonian power law fluids due to a rotating disk in the presence of magnetic field. The number of independent variables in the highly non-linear partial differential equations was reduced by suitable similarity transformations. The coupled non-linear ordinary differential equations were solved numerically using the finite difference collocation method of MATLAB bvp4c. The effects of the magnetic parameter and Prandtl number on the flow fields and heat transfer rate were investigated for the cases of shear thinning and shear thickening power law fluids. The heat transfer rate reduces as the magnetic field strength increases but increases as the Prandtl number increases for both types of shear thickening and shear thinning fluids. The effects are more significant in the case for shear thinning fluids.
Efficacy of Cupping in the Treatment of Hypertension Disease Using Graph Colouring
Authors: Elizabeth Marta a/p , Yusof Yuhani Binti , Bin Mohamad Mohd Sham , Abu Bakar Muhamad Faiz , Ibrahim Mohd Adhha
Published: November 2019

Cupping therapy also well known as Hijama is an ancient and holistic method for treatment variety of infirmities particularly cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension. In this method, suction mechanism used to create partial vacuum inside the cup that mobilizes the blood flow and promotes effective healing at the specific point. As practise, the selection of the points based is on patient’s complaints. The aim of this study is to identify the least number yet the most effectiveness point at minimal cost to treat hypertension disease. The graph colouring method is applied, besides C# language is used to validate the result. The finding of this research indicates that the optimum number of hypertension medical cupping points is two.
Turbulent natural convection combined with entropy generation in a nanofluid cavity with non-uniformly heated side walls
Authors: Pop I , Sheremet M A
Published: November 2019

The two-dimensional turbulent natural convection and entropy generation within an alumina-water nanoliquid chamber in the presence of sinusoidal temperature profiles at vertical walls is calculated. The considered process has been modelled using the RANS (Reynoldsaveraged Navier–Stokes) approach for turbulent regime and Boussinesq approximation for the buoyancy force. The control equations written using the non-dimensional stream function, vorticity and temperature variables combined with parameters of standard κ-ε turbulence model have been solved by the finite difference method with non-uniform computational mesh. The special algebraic transformation has been used for an introduction of the non-uniform mesh in physical domain. The influence of the nano-sized particles concentration and Rayleigh number on the nanofluid circulation and energy transport patterns has been examined.
About existence of quasi-double lines of the partial mapping of space En
Authors: Matieva Gulbadan , Abdullayeva Cholpon , Ahmedov Anvarjon
Published: November 2019

In domain Ω ⊂ En it is considered a set of smooth lines such that through a point X ∈ Ω passed one line of given set. The moving frame

ℜ
=

(

X
,

e
→

i

)

(

i
,
j
,
k
=

1
,
n

¯

)

is frame of Frenet for the line ωi of the given set. Integral lines of the vector fields

e
→

i

are formed net ∑n of Frenet. There is exist the point

F
i
n

∈

(

X
,

e
→

1

)

on the tangent of the line ωi. When the point X is shifted in the domain Ω, the point

F
i
n

describes it’s domain

Ω
i
n

in E
n. It is defined the partial mapping

f
i
n

:
Ω
→

Ω
i
n

such that

f
i
n

:

(
X
)

=

F
i
n

Necessary and sufficient conditions of of quasi-double lines of the partial mapping

f
i
n

of space En are proved.
Solving the Goods Transportation Problem Using Genetic Algorithm with Nearest-Node Pairing Crossover Operator
Authors: Rahman Amirah , Shahruddin Nazmi Syazwan , Ishak Ismail
Published: November 2019

Goods transportation is a critical part of supply chain management and the distance covered in the delivery process indirectly reflects the sustainability level of the supply chain, especially in the environmental aspect. In the wake of climate change issues faced worldwide and the increasing public concern in pollution reduction, it would be in the best interest of companies to not just minimize their operational costs but to also do their part in reducing externalities such as air pollution and noise pollution. In this study, a goods transportation problem is tackled to reduce the distance covered in the transportation process by modelling the problem as a Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) and solving it using Genetic Algorithm. We propose a new crossover operator namely the Nearest-Node Pairing Crossover (NNPX) that is specifically designed to tackle a Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) by exploiting the distance aspect of the problem. We evaluate the performance of NNPX compared to two other crossover operators: Order Crossover (OX) and Position-Based Crossover (PBX). The results reveal that the performance of NNPX is outstanding compared to OX and PBX. We found that NNPX has a better rate of convergence as it consistently yields lower distances in fewer iterations. In addition, NNPX does not depend on a large population size for faster convergence. In a nutshell, this study proposes a new crossover operator NNPX that is comparatively more efficient when used to solve the goods transportation problem, thus reducing the associated operational cost and externalities.
Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process using Intuitive Vectorial Centroid for Eco-friendly Car Selection
Authors: Adli Aminuddin Adam Shariff , Ku Khalif Ku Muhammad Na’im , Jamil Fadhilah Che , Jaini Nor Izzati
Published: November 2019

Eco-friendly car is expected to be the next driving market force for global transportation and technology due to its paramount importance towards the sustainability of the environment and society. However, the actual sales of eco-friendly car are not that convincing and it is even decreasing because the consumer is still uncertain to consider eco-friendly as one of the criteria for them to buy their cars. This situation is worsen by the lack of information and awareness regarding sustainability transportation initiatives. Due to the uncertainty and vague understanding of the consumer about this problem, this paper attempts to investigate the current preference of consumer to buy their cars, and whether they really need to buy the eco-friendly car by using the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) which implements the Intuitive Vectorial Centroid (IVC). Based on FAHP, the imprecise or fuzzy judgment from the decision maker can be incorporated, to anticipate a better decision for eco-friendly car selection. The outcome of FAHP is compared with crisp Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and the findings shows that FAHP can provide an accurate and consistent result with AHP, although it deals with fuzzy judgment inputs from multiple decision makers.
Efficient Quadrature Rules for Numerical Integration Based on Linear Legendre Multi-Wavelets
Authors: Alimin Nur Neesha , Nurullah Rasedee Ahmad Fadly , Abdul Sathar Mohammad Hasan , Ahmedov Anvarjon A. , Asbullah Muhammad Asyraf
Published: November 2019

In this work, generalize solution based on linear Legendre multi-wavelets are proposed for single, double and triple integrals with variable limits. To obtain the numerical approximations for integrals, an algorithm with the properties of linear Legendre multi-wavelets are applied. The main benefits of this method are its simple applicable and efficient. Furthermore, the error analysis for single, double and triple integrals is worked out to show the efficiency of the method. Numerical examples for the integrals are conducted by using linear Legendre multi-wavelets in order to validate the error estimation.
An experimental study of the modified accelerated overrelaxation (MAOR) scheme on stationary helmholtz equation
Authors: Syafiq N A , Othman M , Senu N , Ismail F
Published: November 2019

This research aims to experiment the Modified Accelerated Overrelaxation (MAOR) scheme on second order iterative method for solving two dimensional (2D) Helmholtz Equation. The equation is discretized using the standard second order (Full Sweep) finite difference method. Previous well known relaxation schemes includes the Gauss-Seidel (GS), Successive Overrelaxation (SOR), Modified SOR (MSOR) and Accelerated Overrelaxation (AOR) schemes. These schemes has at most two relaxation parameter while the MAOR scheme have more than two. Several numerical experiments were conducted on two different equations to test the feasibility and the superiority of the MAOR scheme compared to the previous schems on different mesh size.
Derivative Free Conjugate Gradient Method via Broyden’s Update for solving symmetric systems of nonlinear equations
Authors: Dauda M.K. , Mamat Mustafa , Mohamad Fatma Susilawati , Magaji Abubakar S. , Waziri M.Y.
Published: November 2019

The applications of mathematics in many areas of computing, scientific and engineering research mostly give rise to a systems of nonlinear equations. Various iterative methods have been developed to solve such equations, this includes Newton method, Quasi-Newton’s etc. Over the years, there has been significant theoretical study on quasi-Newton methods for solving such systems, but unfortunately the methods suffers setback. To overcome such problems, a Derivative free Method for Solving Symmetric Systems of Nonlinear Equations Using Broyden’s Update is presented. The modification is achieved by simply approximating the inverse Hessian matrix

Q

k
+
1

−
1

to

Q
k
I

with (δk
and I represents acceleration parameter and an identity matrix respectively) without computing any derivative. The method uses the symmetric structure of the system sufficiently and the generalized classical Broyden’s update method for unconstrained optimization problems. The squared norm merit function is used, both the direction and the line search technique are derivative-free, this attractive feature of the proposed method makes it to have a very low storage requirement thereby solving large scale problems successfully. In an effort to solve nonlinear problems of the form F(x) = 0, 0, x ∈ Rn
different initial starting points were used on a set of benchmark test problems, the output is based on number of iterations and CPU time. A comparison between the proposed method and the classical methods were made and found that the proposed method is efficient, robust and outperformed the existing method.
Measuring technical efficiency of dry bulk terminal performance using the frontier application of data envelopment analysis: A proposed framework
Authors: Suliman Khairul Rizuan , Rahim Suzari Abdul , Ramayah T , Degeras D Karunanithy
Published: November 2019

The usage of performance indicators in measuring seaport efficiency is undeniable especially towards increasing the port performance. There are numerous studies on applying data envelopment analysis (DEA) which demonstrates the relationship between technical efficiency and port performance. Conversely, there has been a significant problem of port inefficiency in terms of port performance. DEA application is being applied between the technical efficiency and port performance. It is important for indicators to be initiated on port efficiency which may lead to the increase of the port performance. However, the challenges to be implemented in the port as a whole will be difficult due to broad technical factors from various port activities. Implementation of DEA has been done commonly in container operations but not in dry bulk terminal area. Therefore, this conceptual paper discussed the potential of using the technical port indicators and DEA application specifically in dry bulk terminal.
Weighted support vector machine algorithm for efficient classification and prediction of binary response data
Authors: Banjoko A W , Yahya W B , Garba M K , Abdulazeez K O
Published: November 2019

This paper proposes a weighted Support Vector Machine (w-SVM) method for efficient class prediction in binary response data sets. The proposed method was obtained by introducing weights which utilizes the point biserial correlation between each of the predictors and the dichotomized response variable into the standard SVM algorithm to maximize the classification accuracy. The optimal value of the proposed w-SVM cost and each of the kernels parameters were determined by grid search in a 10-fold cross validation resampling method. Monte-Carlo Cross Validation method was employed to examine the predictive power of the proposed method by partitioning the data into train and test samples using different sampling splitting ratios. Application of the proposed method on the simulated data sets yielded high prediction accuracy on the test sample. Results from other performance indices further gave credence to the efficiency of the proposed method. The performance of the proposed method was compared with three of the state-of-the art machine learning methods including the standard SVM and the result showed the superiority of this method over others. Finally, the results generally show that the modified algorithm with Radial Basis Function (RBF) Kernel perform excellently and achieved the best predictive performance than any of the existing classifiers considered.
Stationary and Nonstationary Generalized Extreme Value Models for Monthly Maximum Rainfall in Sabah
Authors: Syafrina A H , Norzaida A , Jannatul Ain J
Published: November 2019

Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) model is the combination of three types of distribution class namely Gumbel, Fréchet and Weibull distributions of the Extreme Value Theory (EVT). In hydrological studies, GEV model is widely applied in the modelling of extreme rainfall. The nature of hydrological variables is highly complex, especially with the changing climate and frequent occurrences of extreme events. As such, some rainfall models assume rainfall series as stationary, while some as nonstationary. In this study, GEV models based on stationary and nonstationary data are used to assess monthly maximum rainfall data within Sabah, Malaysia and performance comparison between both GEV models is conducted. Theoretically both stationary and nonstationary GEV models are based on the same foundation, however nonstationary GEV model allows the location and scale parameters to be expressed as cyclic function of time. In this study, the stationary and the nonstationary GEV models are individually fitted to rainfall data at selected stations. Monthly maximum rainfall is blocked, and the estimated location (μ), scale (σ) and shape (ξ) parameters are estimated by using Maximum Likelihood Estimation method. Performance of both GEV models are compared based on the Akaike Information Criterion, Bayesian Information Criterion and the likelihood ratio goodness of fit tests. Results showed that nonstationary GEV model is the best fit. The inclusion of cyclic covariates in the GEV model gives improvement on the stationary GEV model at the study region. It is also concluded that, Gumbel is identified as the significant distribution for monthly maximum rainfall in Sabah at 5% significance level.
Modeling tuberculosis patients using loglinear models
Authors: Nasseruddin Noorliyana , Mahmud Zamalia , Md Isa Khairil Anuar
Published: November 2019

Tuberculosis (TB) patients usually get infected by tuberculosis bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis which can spread from one person to another through air. TB cases normally infect the lungs (Pulmonary TB) and in some other cases it infects other organs such as brain, heart, spine, lymph nodes, adrenal gland and intestines (Extrapulmonary TB). However, patients who are infected with tuberculosis bacteria may have complications due to other factors that can delay the process of healing. Using loglinear modelling, this study will examine whether types of TB is strongly associated with patient’s age, gender, whether or not they smoke, have HIV and into drug use. Records of 477 TB patients obtained from a previous related study are used in the modelling process where five loglinear models are compared to find the most parsimonious model that will determine the strength of the association between the variables. Likelihood ratio G
2, p-values, expected values and standardized residuals are used in the analysis. Based on the comparisons of the loglinear models, homogeneous model is found to be the most parsimonious compared to independence and joint models. The analysis based on the homogenous loglinear model show that that the estimated odds of patients who smoke is 2 times more likely to have a Pulmonary TB compared to the non-smokers. Also patients who are drug users are 8 times more likely to have a Pulmonary TB compared to patients who are non-drug users. Hence, a recommendation for the healthcare providers is to give more attention to patients in these categories.
Discrimination of Lard and other Edible Fats after Heating Treatments using Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR), Principal Component Regression (PCR) and Linear Support Vector Machine Regression (SVMR).
Authors: Mohd Salleh Nor Aishah , Hassan Mohd Sukri
Published: November 2019

Discrimination between lard and other edibles fats is a challenging task for halal determination especially after the fats were heated at high temperature for a long period. In this study, three multivariate regression models such as partial least square regression (PLSR), principal component regression (PCR) and support vector machine regression (SVMR) were applied to evaluate the spectral data of FTIR (n=195) obtained from lard, chicken, beef, mutton and vegetable fats after heated at different conditions (120-240°C and 0.5-3 hrs). The regression of the Y-binary matrix was used to discriminate lard (as 1) and the others edibles fats (as 0). Kennard Stone (KS) algorithm selected a subset of the training set (n=145) and test set (n=50). The test set was used to validate the prediction ability of the suggested models. The obtained results showed the ability of the three proposed models to discriminate the heated lard simultaneously. The values of the R2, adjusted R2, root-mean-square error (RMSE) and root-mean-square error of validation (RMSEV) showed a good results under Basic ATR correction transformation as PLSR (0.984, 0.977, 0.052 and 0.062); PCR (0.974, 0.971, 0.067 and 0.070), and SVMR (0.971, 0.959, 0.087 and 0.102) respectively. However, when using mean square error (MSE), it gives lower prediction error for PLSR (0.006), PCR (0.007) and SVMR (0.015). The results showed that PLSR as the best model for discrimination spectral data of lard and other edible fats after heating treatments for halal determination.
New model averaging approach in predicting mortality rate of intensive care unit patients
Authors: Mohd Padzil Siti Aisyah , Pillay Khuneswari Gopal , Rusiman Mohd Saifullah , Salleh Rohayu Mohd
Published: November 2019

Model Averaging (MA) is one of the well-known statistical modelling approach to produce a fitted model in applied research. Even though it was proposed to overcome underestimation of parameter estimates issues in Model Selection (MS), the final best model of MA includes insignificant variables. The goal of this research is to propose an New Model Averaging (NMA) method which is based on MA approach with elimination of insignificant variables. Data of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) was studied to highlight the most influential factor of mortality rate. ICU is commonly associated with a high mortality rate due of its complexity of treatments. The guidelines of NMA method on ICU patient’s data were presented and the models obtain were compared using 10-Fold Cross-Validation. The results reveals that the performance of NMA is slightly better than MA. The most significant factors for mortality of ICU patients were concluded to be patient’s age, SAPS II score discharge and whether or not the patients use ventilation machine. In conclusion, the study showed that the elderly patients have a greater risk of mortality after discharge from the hospital and SAPS II score provide a good indication in predicting hospital mortality.
Conversion coefficients from kerma to ambient dose and personal dose for X-ray spectra
Authors: Otto T.
Published: November 2019

In radiation protection, the protection quantity for whole-body exposure is effective doseE. Effective dose cannot be measured and operational quantities have been introduced for dose measurement and calibration of dosimeters and survey instruments. To overcome some shortcomings of the presently used operational quantities, ICRU Report Committee 26 introduces two new quantities for whole body exposure, ambient doseH*for prospective dose assessment and personal doseHp(α) for retrospective measurements with personal dosimeters. Dosimeters and survey instruments are calibrated in reference fields, realised with radioisotopes and with well-defined X-ray spectra. In this paper, the spectrum-averaged conversion coefficients from kerma in airKato the new quantities ambient dose and personal dose are calculated and compared with the published coefficients for the present operational quantities. Especially at low energies (Eph < 40 keV), the new quantities are significantly lower than the present ones, thus correcting a strong overestimate of effective dose.
On-line profiling of volatile compounds produced in vitro by pathogenic oral bacteria
Authors: Roslund Kajsa , Lehto Markku , Pussinen Pirkko , Groop Per-Henrik , Halonen Lauri , Metsälä Markus
Published: November 2019

Infections by oral pathogens are one of the most common health problems worldwide. Due to the intimate connection between exhaled breath and the oral cavity, breath analysis could potentially be used to diagnose these infections. However, little is known about the volatile emissions of important oral pathogens that are connected with gingivitis and periodontitis. In this study, we have performed in vitro headspace measurements on four important oral pathogens (P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, P. intermedia and P. nigrescens) using proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-TOF-MS). Some of the most abundant compounds produced by the bacteria include hydrogen sulphide, methanethiol, acetone, dimethylsulphide, isoprene, cyclopentanone and indole as tentatively assigned from the mass spectra. Several other abundant mass signals were recorded but the assignment of these is less certain. Some of the bacterial species can be separated from each other by the emitted volatile fingerprints. The results of this study can be used in potential development of a diagnostic breath test for oral infections. In addition, as several of the measured compounds are known to be toxic, the results point to an intriguing possibility of studying the connection between the bacterial virulence and the emitted volatile compounds.
Physical quality change of rose tea during freeze drying
Authors: Imaniar D I , Karyadi J N W , Marfu’ah S , Akbar M A
Published: November 2019

Rose tea began to be widely developed since it has advantages in the form of high antioxidant content, and fragrant aroma. Currently, rose tea production uses manual dryers in the form of sunlight energy, which might reduce the physical and chemical quality of rose tea. The low temperature drying is expected to be able to maintain the quality of rose tea. The aim of the study was to determine the drying characteristics of rose tea using a freeze dryer machine. The material used is a local type of rose petals from the Malang region with a water content of 86.76%. The tool used is 1 unit freeze dryer capacity of 1.5 kg with freezing temperature of -18oC, and with a pressure of -76 cm Hg. The drying chamber is made of stainless steel equipped with three heater plates with a total power of 500 watts. The experimental design uses variations in drying time, namely 0, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 hours. Parameters measured were water content, color, weight loss, and antioxidant content in the form of flavonoids. The experimental results showed that the final moisture content of roses using drying freeze dryer was 9.54% with a drying rate of freeze dryer of 2.14% per hour. Rose color has decreased from L * value of 27.37 to 8.87 a * value of 52.81 to 14.84 and b * value of 26.19 to -0.77. Based on this, compared to drying with sunlight and cabinet dryers, drying with a freeze dryer is better at drying roses into rose tea.
Fast and robust quality assessment of honeys using near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Munawar A A , Syah H , Yusmanizar
Published: November 2019

In this present study, near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is employed to detect adulteration and predict soluble solids content (SSC) of raw honey samples based on reflectance spectral data. Diffuse reflectance near infrared data were acquired in wavelength range from 1000 to 2500 nm. Adulterated honey, made by mixing pure honey with commercial sugars, was detected and classified using principal component analysis (PCA). On the other hand, SSC content as predicted from pure honey samples using partial least square regression (PLSR). Standard normal variate (SNV) was applied as spectra correction method. The results showed that PCA based on spectra data, can accurately detect adulteration and classify honey samples with total explained variance from 2 principal components is 97%. Moreover, SSC of pure honey samples can be predicted with achieved correlation coefficient (r) of 0.96 and residual predictive deviation (RPD) index of 2.88 for raw un-corrected spectra, while r = 0.98 and RPD = 3.67 for corrected SNV spectra data. It may conclude that near infrared spectroscopy, can be used as fast and robust method to evaluate quality of raw honey samples.
The influence mechanism research of inflow temperature in different time scale on the water temperature structure
Authors: Chen H , Yao L , Fitri A
Published: November 2019

A 3D hydraulic-thermodynamic mathematical model is established to predict the temporal and spatial distribution of temperature in a large reservoir in different time scale inflow temperature condition, and a further research on the influence mechanism of inflow temperature on the water temperature structure is made. it is found that the convection current between the upper and the lower of the reservoir always appear when the storage heat in a reservoir decreases; the stratification phenomenon appears in most time of a year in a large reservoir which is controlled by the climate, and there is a close relationship between the water temperature distribution and the inflow temperature. Different inflow temperature has different affected area where the density current propagates, in the affected area, the difference of water temperature distribution occurs by the cumulative effect of the previous months, for the other area, the more detailed the inflow temperature is, the more accurate the simulation results are.
Cradle to gate LCA to enhance program for pollution control, evaluation and rating (PROPER) in palm oil industry
Authors: Kurniawan M P , Guritno A D , Purwantana B , Supartono W
Published: November 2019

The achievements of the palm oil industry as a strategic commodity of Indonesia need to be followed in responsibility, efficiency and sustainability. Indonesia government continues to encourage oil palm industry to obey in pollution reduction, environmental management, and implementation of standards for palm oil plantation to reduce environment impacts, climate change, biodiversity and tropical forests protection. The Program for Pollution Control, Evaluation and Rating (PROPER) seeks to harmonize aspects through increasing capability in reporting and competent and certified human resources. This research was conducted through observation, interviews, and integrating LCA in the PROPER program to assist in the development of scientific data on emissions and can be accounted. Life cycle assessment (LCA) provides an overview of used natural resources, waste disposal to environment, evaluating and applying continuous improvements. Total emissions as output of the palm oil industry must be calculated based on real activities on palm oil plantations and mills. The results showed the need for integration of life cycle inventory with reporting information systems of environment management system, control of water pollution, control of air pollution, and management of hazardous waste and use of energy. Life cycle impact and interpretation play important role as knowledge management through of responsibility, efficiency, and sustainability (RES) approach to contribute for national database system.
Land cover change analysis of Besitang watershed
Authors: Suharso  , Delvian  , Slamet B
Published: November 2019

Besitang watershed is part of some watershed in Langkat Regency. Watershed area has many important functions for the area itself and the surrounding. Land cover and use should properly so the function of the watershed could be maintained. The research was done to find out the change of land cover between year 2008 and 2018 in Besitang Watershed of Langkat. Supervised classification was done to Landsat images of those years. There are 8 land cover classes which are forest, mangrove, water body, bare land, settlement, plantation, shrub and fishpond. In year 2008 the largest area in Besitang Watershed is forest which is 34,730.63 ha or 35.99% of the area. The largest land cover area in 2018 is plantation with the area of 39,928.31 ha or 41.38%. There is a decrease of mangrove area between year 2008 and 2018 in 5.86%. The largest conversion of mangrove is into plantation. The change of mangrove into other land uses should be evaluated in relation with its condition and functions.
Farmers’ Response to Economic Benefits of Integrated Farming
Authors: Maulana M , Tarigan H
Published: November 2019

The availability of abundant cattle waste in a village is an important factor for implementing organic paddy farming practice. The utilization of cattle waste in SRI practice, biogas and worm cultivation increase farmers’ income but this issue is not informed well to farmes because traditionally agricultural extention agent focused on delivering cropping techniques than economic advantages. The objective of this study is to assess farmers’ response to the possibility of inserting the information about the economic benefits of integrating SRI, biogas, and worm cultivation in the SRI extension program, The respondents were conventional farmers in Boyolali District and using added value and farmers’ response concept. There are three activities in this research namely obtaining added value throughout biogas value chain, presenting the added value to farmers, and receiving farmers’ response. The results shows in three parts of biogas value chain increase farmers’ economic benefits from 974.000 IDR/year to 5.18 million IDR/year. Conventional farmers give high positive response to the integration of implementing SRI and following biogas project and receiving added value from installing biogas digester. However, farmers give low response to cultivate worm due to unstable demand and its price volatilization.
Environment (Year and Season of Birth) Effects on First-Lactation Milk Yield of Dairy Cows
Authors: Susanto A , Hakim L , Suyadi  , Nurgiartiningsih V M A
Published: November 2019

Nutritional status (protein and energy) during early life has important effect on milk yield of dairy cows. Feed quantity and quality is often influenced by season representing the fluctuation of water supply which is essential for plants including forage. The aim of the present study was to analyse the effect of year and season of birth on first-lactation milk yield of Holstein Friesian cows. The data included 1005 records of first-lactation daily recorded milk yield available in National Breeding Centre for Dairy Cows and Forages of Baturraden (the so-called BBPTUHPT Baturraden) database. The milk yield was recorded within the years of 2004 to 2014. Milk yield data were adjusted to 305 standard days of milking using multiplicative-local correction factor. Animals’ date of birth was grouped divided into years and months of birth. Months of birth were assigned into: (1) traditional-two season categorization (wet and dry), (2) extended-categorization of three seasons (wet, wet-dry and dry), (3) extended-categorization of four seasons (wet, wet-dry, dry and dry-wet). The effect of date of birth factor on first-lactation milk yield was tested using likelihood ratio test of full and reduced model. The result showed that both years and months of birth have significant effect on first-lactation milk yield, regardless of the season categorization. It is therefore concluded that season plays important role to consider in dairy cattle management and has to be included in genetic analysis to remove non-genetic effect which regards to first-lactation milk yield.
Validating Egg Component Proportions in Quail Receiving Methionine Supplementation
Authors: Ratriyanto A , Nurcahyo S , Prastowo S , Widyas N
Published: November 2019

Essential amino acid methionine is a methyl donor which involved in protein and fat metabolism; thus, it holds an important role in the synthesis of albumen and egg yolk precursors. This research aimed to observe the effect of methionine on the weight of egg and its components and to prove if egg weight (EW) could be used to predict the albumen weight (AW) and yolk weight (YW). In total, 225 quails were allotted into three treatments and five replicates each with fifteen individuals. The treatments were basal diet (T0), basal diet with methionine supplementationat 0.6 (T1) and 1.2 g/kg (T2). ANOVA was conducted to test the effect of treatments. Simple linear regressions were built to predict AW and YW based on EW. Cross validation procedure was applied to test the predictability of the models. Quails in T2 and T1 produced heavier eggs (9.29±0.52 and 9.04±0.76 g) compared to T0 (8.77±0.55 g). The AW follow similar trends which were 5.37±0.38, 5.53±0.54, 5.75±0.44 g for T2, T1 and T0, respectively. The YW slightly differ where T1 had higher weight (2.64±0.30 g) followed by T2 (2.62±0.27 g) and T0 (2.50±0.32 g). Pearson’s correlation between EW and AW were between 69-87%whereas for EW and YW were between 61-71%. Simple linear regression predicting AW and YW from EW had accuracies between 94.3-96.2% and92.7-94.3%, respectively. Thus, methionine supplementation had significant effect on egg and egg components weights. Linear regression can be utilized to predict AW and YW based on EW with high accuracy.
Adopting Intraclass Correlation Principles to Estimate the Consistency of Egg Production of Quails Supplemented with Metabolic Enhancer
Authors: Widyas N , Prastowo S , Ratriyanto A
Published: November 2019

Betaine as metabolic enhancer is proven to improve eggs production in poultry. The consistency of the improvement, however, is not yet explored. This study aimed to explore the consistency of quails’ egg production under the influence of betaine supplementation utilizing intraclass correlation approach. In total 225 quails were used and allotted into three treatment groups: T0 (control), T1 (control + 0.06% betaine) and T2 (control + 0.12% betaine). Each treatment was replicated five times with 15 quails each. Egg production data was collected for 2 clutches (2 × 28 days) started after egg production reached 50%. The data was split and averaged into eight consecutive weeks. Linear model resulted in significant difference of egg production mean among treatments which were 66.08±18.39%, 70.55±15.11% and 75.46±14.88% for T0, T1 and T2 respectively (P<0.01).Intraclass correlation within each treatment was used as the measure of egg production consistency. Every replicate was recorded ineight consecutive weeks during the experiment. Results showed that T2 has the highest intraclass correlation (0.88), followed by T1 (0.86) and T0 (0.79). Our findings confirmed that betaine supplementation improve quails’ egg production. We further discover that the improvement obtained during experimental period due to betaine supplementation was more consistent compared to the quails without supplementation.
The Potential Breeding Dans of Cattle at Different Age Based on Body Weight, Chest Circumference and Body Condition Score of Kebumen “Peranakan Ongole” (Po) Cattle in “Urut Sewu” Breeding Areas
Authors: Rofikoh A R , Sumaryadi M Y , Setyaningrum A
Published: November 2019

This research was aimed to determine the potential breeding dans of cattle at different age based on body weight (BW), chest circumference (CC) and body condition score (BCS) of 440 cattle from 29 breeding groups in Urut Sewu which included Mirit subdistrict, Ambal, Bulus pesantren, Klirong, Petanahan, and Puring subdistrict. The study applied a survey method allocating two age groups: U1 = 18 – 24 months and U2 = >24 – 36 months. The observed variables were BW, CC and BCS. The collected data were subject to an Independent sample test (t-test). The result showed a highly significant difference (P<0.01) between U1 and U2. The average BW, CC, and BCS of Kebumen “Peranakan Ongole” (PO) cattle in U1 were 306.04 ± 67.86 kg, 153.99 ± 11.74 cm and 3.18 ± 0.41, respectively, and in U2 were 368.00 ± 97.79 kg, 163.10 ± 14.38 cm and 3.48 ± 0.58, respectively. The body condition score of Kebumen PO cattle was higher than in the Indonesian National Standard (SNI); therefore, PO cattle had an improved grade as potential germ plasm of indigenous cattle in Indonesia.