bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia associated with a hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state: Hepatic portal venous gas as an indicator of mesenteric ischemia
Authors: Takiguchi Toru , Arai Masatoku , Kim Shiei , Ishii Hiromoto , Ogasawara Tomoko , Shigeta Kenta , Mizobuchi Taiki , Yokobori Shoji
Published: July 2021

Background

The diagnosis of nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI) is always challenging in critically ill patients. Herein, we aimed to report a case of NOMI associated with a hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS). A small amount of hepatic portal venous gas (HPVG) triggered the diagnosis of NOMI.

Case Presentation

A 77‐year‐old man was transferred due to shock and disorder of consciousness. He was diagnosed with an HHS. We suspected intestinal ischemia due to a small amount of HPVG revealed by computed tomography (CT). Peritoneal signs were revealed after treatment for the HHS. Computed tomography was carried out again 5 h after admission, which showed a large amount of HPVG, remarkable bowel dilatation, and pneumatosis intestinalis. We performed an emergency laparotomy and resected the small bowel necrosis resulting from NOMI.

Conclusion

An HHS can cause NOMI, and the presence of HPVG on CT is an important finding that suggests mesenteric ischemia, even in small amounts.
Visible light photodegradation of 4‐nitrophenol by new high‐performance and easy recoverable Fe3O4/Ag2O‐LDH hybrid photocatalysts
Authors: Dinari Mohammad , Dadkhah Firooze
Published: July 2021

Till now, water contaminant photodegradation has been the most influential method to remove low but dangerous concentrations of pollutants. Herein, a green method was employed to enhance the photocatalytic activity of ZnAl‐LDH through depositing Ag and magnetite nanoparticles on the surface of layered double hydroxide (LDH) sheets. The structural and electrochemical characterization of as‐prepared Zn3Al‐CO3 (ZA‐LDH) and Fe3O4/Ag2O‐LDH (M10A5‐LDH) composite was determined by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) theory, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) along with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) mapping, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra, photoluminescence spectra, and transient photocurrent response. All of the analyses confirmed the photo‐response enhancement of the M10A5‐LDH compared with virgin LDH. The mineralization of p‐nitrophenol (PNP) under visible light revealed that the photodegradation rate of composite (0.02 min−1) is fourfold more significant than that of the bare ZA‐LDH (0.005 min−1). The active radical capturing tests exhibited that h+, •OH, and •O2− play substantial roles in PNP degradation, respectively. The potential photodegradation mechanism involves the charge transfer from Fe3O4 and Ag2O to LDH, producing active radicals for the degradation process.
Strong breathable membrane with excellent self‐cleaning, wave‐transparent, and heat dissipation performances
Authors: Ge Chengbiao , Wang Guilong , Zhao Guoqun , Li Bo
Published: July 2021

Multifunctional membranes with outstanding heat dissipation, wave‐transparent, and self‐cleaning performance, as well as strength and ventilation, are urgently needed to meet the rapid development of portable electronics. Herein, we reported an improved phase separation process to prepare thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/multi‐wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composite membranes with open‐cell porous structure. Their morphology can be manipulated by regulating the content of MWCNT and varying processing parameters. These TPU/MWCNT composite membranes exhibit outstanding mechanical properties. For example, they can possess elastic deformation behavior in a wide temperature range from −50 to 100°C, and bear a load of more than 40,000 times their own weight. Moreover, there is not any obvious crease on the surface of membranes after a forced folding process, indicating their outstanding shape‐recovery ability and elasticity. Furthermore, these membranes have low dielectric constant and loss factor, and they are almost transparent to X‐band electromagnetic waves. What's more, these membranes also show outstanding water‐vapor breathable performance. In addition, MWCNT and open‐cell porous structure endow TPU/MWCNT membranes efficient heat dissipation capacity and good self‐cleaning performance.
Investigating seasonal habitat‐use of saltwater crocodiles in the Ayeyarwady Delta to identify potential conservation areas in Myanmar
Authors: Than Kay Zin , Zaw Zaw , Hughes Alice C.
Published: July 2021

Understanding the impact of land‐cover mosaics on crocodile distribution and habitat patterns is essential to prioritize areas for their conservation in human‐dominated landscapes. This is especially important for species with specialist requirements; or where there is human–wildlife conflict, as is the case in many areas with crocodiles, such as Myanmar's Ayeyarwady Delta.

The saltwater crocodile is used as a surrogate species in this study to identify important conservation areas, and to propose potential protected areas for the Ayeyarwady coastal mangrove ecoregion. In total, 684 locations of saltwater crocodile encounters were collected, 444 for the wet season (May to June), and 240 for the dry season (December to January) between 1999 and 2018. Suitable habitats of saltwater crocodiles in the Ayeyarwady Delta were modelled for wet and dry seasons, using 12 predictor variables at 300‐m resolution.

The area of suitable habitat in the wet season is about 1,272.3 km2but reduces to 563.7 km2in the dry season. Distance to the cropland, distance to the sea, mangrove cover, and wetland cover are identified as the key landscape variables that contributed to the seasonal habitat distribution of saltwater crocodiles in the Ayeyarwady Delta.

Protecting core and buffer areas in Kadonkani Reserved Forest and Pyindayae Reserved Forest would safeguard the seasonal habitats of saltwater crocodiles. Khaing Thaung Island, an unprotected area with suitable habitat areas for saltwater crocodiles, is proposed as a potential marine protected area in the Ayeyarwady Delta of Myanmar.
Writing your way to well‐being: An IPA analysis of the therapeutic effects of creative writing on mental health and the processing of emotional difficulties
Authors: Deveney Catherine , Lawson Patrick
Published: July 2021

This IPA study analyses the effects of creative writing on the emotional well‐being of a group of nine people working in the creative industries. The group attended a series of four creative writing classes and, in addition, volunteered to undertake a programme of four, one‐a‐week, ‘Creative Writing for Wellbeing’ tasks, using a personal difficulty as a backdrop. Issues presented included bereavement, divorce, domestic violence, rape, body image, personal trust and social isolation. A psychologist was available for participants who experienced emotional difficulty during this programme. Likert scales, weekly reports and semi‐structured interviews were used to chart the emotional journey of participants, all of whom concluded that writing creatively had brought unexpected and significant benefits to their cognitive processing of emotional difficulty and had positively affected their mood and mental well‐being. This has potential implications for low‐cost and accessible mental health treatments.
Exploring the role of the Amazon effect on customer expectations: An analysis of user‐generated content in consumer electronics retailing
Authors: Vollero Agostino , Sardanelli Domenico , Siano Alfonso
Published: July 2021

While Amazon's disruption of the retail market has been associated with significant changes in consumer behavior, empirical studies on how interacting with Amazon has changed customers' expectations toward other offline/online retailers remain scarce. Such Amazon‐driven perceptions of service attributes are sometimes referred to as the ‘Amazon effect’. After clarifying the meaning of the Amazon effect and reviewing the studies on consumer complaints online, this paper aims to identify key triggers for the Amazon effect from consumer comments on social media. Based on natural language processing techniques, a content and sentiment analysis of users' comments drawn from the Facebook pages of three leading consumer electronics retailers in Italy over a two‐year span (2016–2018) was used to evaluate the dissatisfaction toward these retailers associated to Amazon‐related service attributes. The findings show that there is a wide diffusion of consumer comments and service complaints related to the Amazon effect on consumer electronics retailers, especially regarding price, customer service, in‐store staff, and post‐purchase support. Compared with corresponding evaluations on the Italian Amazon website, the negative sentiments revealed in consumers' comments on Facebook suggest that the Amazon's service standards have raised consumer expectations and have made consumers less satisfied when they interact with other retailers. We argue the need for further research to better clarify Amazonification in terms of customer impatience and dissatisfaction in general, also going beyond price and logistics issues, which are usually considered as the main constitutive factors.
Multi‐Channel Optical Device for Solar‐Driven Bacterial Inactivation under Real‐Time Temperature Feedback
Authors: Liao Xianquan , Liu Yuxin , Jia Qi , Zhou Jing
Published: July 2021

Solar‐driven photothermal antibacterial devices have attracted a lot of interest due to the fact that solar energy is one of the cleanest sources of energy in the world. However, conventional materials have a narrow absorbance band, resulting in deficient solar harvesting. In addition, lack of knowledge on temperature change in these devices during the photothermal process has also led to a waste of energy. Here, we presented an elegant multi‐channel optical device with a multilayer structure to simultaneously address the above‐mentioned issues in solar‐driven antibacterial devices. In the photothermal channel, semiconductor IrO2‐nanoaggregates exhibited higher solar absorbance and photothermal conversion efficiency compared with nanoparticles. In the luminescence channel, thermal‐sensitive Er‐doped upconversion nanoparticles were utilized to reflect the microscale temperature in real‐time. The bacteria were successfully inactivated during the photothermal effect under solar irradiation with temperature monitoring. This study could provide valuable insight for the development of smart photothermal devices for solar‐driven photothermal bacterial inactivation in the future.
Graphene Oxide‐Assisted Covalent Triazine Framework for Boosting Photocatalytic H2 Evolution
Authors: Liu Cheng , Wang Yongchao C. , Yang Qing , Li Xinyu Y. , Yi Fangli , Liu Kewei W. , Cao Hongmei M. , Wang Cuijuan J. , Yan Hongjian J.
Published: July 2021

Covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) with two‐dimensional structures have exhibited promising visible‐light‐induced H2 evolution performance. However, it is still a challenge to improve their activity. Herein, we report π‐conjugation‐linked CTF‐1/GO for boosting photocatalytic H2 evolution. The CTF‐1/GO hybrid material was obtained by a facile low‐temperature condensation of 1,4‐dicyanobenzene in the presence of GO. The results of photocatalytic H2 evolution indicate that the optimum hybrid, CTF‐1/GO‐3.0, exhibited an H2 evolution rate of 2262.4 μmol ⋅ g−1 ⋅ h−1 under visible light irradiation, which was 9 times that of pure CTF‐1. The enhanced photocatalytic performance could be attributed to the fact that GO in CTF‐1/GO hybrids not only acts as an electron collector and transporter like a “bridge” to facilitate the separation and transfer of photogenerated charges but also shortens the electron migration path due to its thin sheet layer uniformly distribution over CTF‐1. This work could help future development of novel conjugated CTF‐based composite materials as high‐efficiency photocatalyst for photocatalysis.
Synthesis, Structures of 2D Coordination Layers Metal‐Organic Frameworks with Highly Selective CO2 Uptake†
Authors: Jiang Jingjing , Wang Yang , Wang Dingsheng , Zhang Wenwei , Li Yadong
Published: July 2021

Main observation and conclusion

By a strategy of fine‐tuning of packing mode between the adjacent layers in a 2D net metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) through ligand changing, two 2D sql‐type MOFs with highly selective CO2 uptake, CuHIN and CuHPB, were successfully synthesized. Compared with the precursor MOF‐2, the fine‐tuning structure of CuHIN shows selective adsorption of CO2 over N2 and CH4 with the CO2 uptake amounts as high as 4.7 wt% at 0.15 bar and at 298 K, and CO2 selectivity towards N2 and CH4 is 165.8 and 10.22 at 1 bar and at 298 K, respectively. In addition, for the 2D MOFs, the dynamic porous structure depends on the interaction of the adjacent layers. The suitable interaction is good for gliding smoothly and gas adsorption.
Analyzing the influence of IL18 in regulation of YAP1 in breast oncogenesis using cBioportal
Authors: Rahman Ayesha , Shashidhara Lingadahalli S.
Published: July 2021

Background

Yes‐associated protein 1 (YAP1) is responsible for tumor growth, progression and metastasis. The mechanisms controlling the generation and relative ratio of the functional YAP1 and other co‐factors are not well‐understood. Various literature reported that co‐factors like cytokines significantly influence signaling pathways to introduce epithelial immunity and regeneration, which later helps increase cancer‐related phenotypes. Among various cytokines, IL‐18 has emerged as a major player in inflammation and progression of different types of cancers. Till now, much information has not been known about the role of YAP1 in tumor aggressiveness and immune evasion in breast cancer with respect to IL‐18.

Aim

We aimed to explore the effect of YAP1 in tumor aggressiveness and immune evasion in breast invasive carcinoma and metastatic breast cancer in the context of Interleukin‐18 (IL‐18) in silico.

Methods and Results

We used publicly available data generated by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network through cBioportal web platform. Kaplan–Meier method was used to determine the overall survival and comparison between curves were made using Log‐Rank test. The p values were determined by Fisher's exact test with the null hypothesis. Correlation plots were analyzed by comparison with gene copy numbers from the GISTIC2.0, available through cBioportal.

Our analyses suggest that IL‐18 influences YAP1 expression in breast oncogenesis via Interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) production. Patients having a higher expression of IL‐18 possess a better prognosis and higher YAP1 expression with lower IL18 drives to poor clinical results in breast cancer.

Conclusion

This can provide new approaches to better understand the relation between YAP1 and IL‐18 in breast cancer progression by performing in vitro and in vivo studies. Also, IL‐18 can be considered as a potential target for tumor treatment in YAP1 overexpressed breast carcinoma.
New method for observing, demonstrating, and teaching additive color mixture
Authors: Travis Richard
Published: July 2021

The trichromatic principles of additive and subtractive color mixture have been the foundation of the color reproduction technologies for about 130 years. Yet, today, they remain a poorly understood phenomenon in much of the fine art world as well as the general public. Part of the problem stems from a lack of a simple, effective, widely accessible method for presenting additive color mixtures. This article describes a new, unique means of demonstrating additive color mixture using colored mosaic patterns displayed on computer screens in combination with a simple optical diffuser. Three illustrations composed of primary colored mosaic designs are described along with the underlying theory they are based upon. The potential for this technique as a valuable educational tool for teaching the art and science of color mixture, as well as a new approach for designs in the visual arts, is discussed. Finally, a small representational luminous mosaic image is offered as an example of the creative possibilities in this unexplored realm of art.
Bioequivalence for a Fixed‐Dose Combination Formulation of Bazedoxifene and Cholecalciferol Compared With the Corresponding Single Entities Given Together
Authors: Yun Jae Nam , Kan Hye‐Su , Yeun Ji‐Sun , Kim Jae‐Hoon , Lee Minyu , Kim Namsick , Oh Tae‐Young , Nam Seung‐Kwan , Choi Yoon Seok , Kwon In Sun , Hoe Kwang Lae , Hong Jang Hee
Published: July 2021

A fixed‐dose combination (FDC) formulation of bazedoxifene 20 mg and cholecalciferol 8 mg was developed to increase medication compliance and convenience for osteoporosis patients. This study was conducted to demonstrate bioequivalence by comparing the pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles and tolerability of an FDC tablet and the individual component tablets. A randomized, open‐label, single‐dosing, 2‐treatment, 2‐period, 2‐sequence crossover study was conducted in 52 healthy subjects. All subjects were randomly assigned to 2 sequences, and they received FDC tablets of bazedoxifene and cholecalciferol and individual component tablets. Serial blood samples for PK evaluation were collected up to 24 hours predose and 120 hours postdose, and the PK parameters were estimated by noncompartmental methods. Throughout the study, tolerability was assessed based on adverse events, vital signs, and clinical laboratory tests. Of the enrolled 52 subjects, 47 subjects completed the study. The results, the geometric mean ratios (GMRs) and 90% confidence intervals (90%CIs), of bazedoxifene Cmax and AUC0‐t for FDC to single entities given together were 0.98 (0.91‐1.05) and 1.02 (0.97‐1.07), respectively. The GMRs (90%CIs) of cholecalciferol Cmax and AUC0‐t for FDC to single entities given together were 0.96 (0.91‐1.00) and 0.94 (0.90‐0.99), respectively. Overall, the GMRs (90%CIs) of the PK parameter of bazedoxifene and cholecalciferol fell within the conventional bioequivalence range of 0.8‐1.25. There were no clinically significant differences in the safety profile between the 2 treatments. In conclusion, this study confirmed the development of a new FDC drug by demonstrating that the FDC formulation of bazedoxifene and cholecalciferol is biologically equivalent to the coadministered individual formulations.
Toward vehicular cloud/fog communication: A survey on data dissemination in vehicular ad hoc networks using vehicular cloud/fog computing
Authors: Gaouar Nihal , Lehsaini Mohamed
Published: July 2021

The digitization of objects has given birth to the concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) which is revolutionizing traditional objects by replacing them with intelligent objects such as smart vehicles, smartphones, smart home…etc. In this context, and with the emergence of vehicle networks, is born the need to increase the vehicular resources in order to benefit from several applications facilitating driving and ensuring the drivers safety, even going to think of the automated driving. The use of cloud computing has become the key solution to the lack of resources required to run compute‐intensive applications and the lack of storage space to back up all data related to roads and applications. In addition, we are witnessing the birth of the fog computing paradigm, which brings the functionalities of cloud computing at the edge of the network, thereby solving the latency problem for some time‐sensitive applications and also saving the bandwidth of the network because vehicle requests will not need to cross the entire network to be processed at the cloud level. In this paper, we discuss the different principles of cloud/fog computing and compare the two paradigms. We present a classification of data dissemination schemes in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), vehicular cloud, and vehicular fog computing with their different architectures proposed. We finally present several cloud/fog computing applications.
Variation in heteroploid reproduction and gene flow across a polyploid complex: One size does not fit all
Authors: Sutherland Brittany L. , Galloway Laura F.
Published: July 2021

Whole‐genome duplication is considered an important speciation mechanism in plants. However, its effect on reproductive isolation between higher cytotypes is not well understood. We used backcrosses between different ploidy levels and surveys of mixed‐ploidy contact zones to determine how reproductive barriers differed with cytotype across a polyploid complex. We backcrossed F1 hybrids derived from 2X‐4X and 4X‐6X crosses in the Campanula rotundifolia autopolyploid complex, measured backcross fitness, and estimated backcross DNA cytotype. We then sampled four natural mixed‐ploidy contact zones (two 2X‐4X and two 4X‐6X), estimated ploidy, and genotyped individuals across each contact zone. Reproductive success and capacity for gene flow was markedly lower for 2X‐4X than 4X‐6X hybrids. In fact, 3X hybrids could not backcross; all 2X‐4X backcross progeny resulted from neotetraploid F1 hybrids. Further, no 3X individuals were found in 2X‐4X contact zones, and 2X and 4X individuals were genetically distinct. By contrast, backcrosses of 5X hybrids were relatively successful, particularly when crossed to 6X individuals. In 4X‐6X contact zones, 5X individuals and aneuploids were common and all cytotypes were largely genetically similar and spatially intermixed. Taken together, these results provide strong evidence that reproduction is low between 2X and 4X cytotypes, primarily occurring via unreduced gamete production, but that reproduction and gene flow are ongoing between 4X and 6X cytotypes. Further, it suggests whole‐genome duplication can result in speciation between diploids and polyploids, but is less likely to create reproductive barriers between different polyploid cytotypes, resulting in two fundamentally different potentials for speciation across polyploid complexes.
Constructing nano‐channeled tin layer on metal zinc for high‐performance zinc‐ion batteries anode
Authors: Miao Zhenyu , Du Min , Li Houzhen , Zhang Feng , Jiang Hechun , Sang Yuanhua , Li Qinfei , Liu Hong , Wang Shuhua
Published: July 2021

Rechargeable aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have recently been comprehensively studied because of metal zinc (Zn) unique properties. However, the problems of metal zinc anode in ZIBs, namely, dendrite formation and side reactions, seriously shorten the cycling lifetimes and limit the coulombic efficiencies. Here, the tin (Sn) layer with a three‐dimensional nano‐channeled structure is decorated on zinc metal via a facile in situ substitution reaction, constructing the Sn modified Zn (Sn‐Zn) anode for high‐performance ZIBs. Multiscale investigation techniques, especially micro‐CT, are used to investigate the inhibition of zinc dendrites. In addition, the induction mechanism of Zn by Sn is also elaborately investigated. The designed Sn‐Zn anode can alleviate zinc dendrite growth and ensure long‐life stability. This work brings exciting new possibilities for the realization of industrial aqueous zinc‐ion batteries and provides new insights for the rational deposition of the Zn metal anodes.

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Anchovy powder enrichment in brown rice‐based instant cereal: a process optimization study using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
Authors: Akonor Paa T. , Atter Amy , Owusu Margaret , Ampah Jonathan , Andoh‐Odoom Anthonia , Overå Ragnhild , Kjellevold Marian , Pucher Johannes , Kolding Jeppe
Published: July 2021

There is a need for expanding the utilization of small fish as they constitute an undervalued and important source of protein and micronutrients in many developing countries suffering from micronutrient deficiencies. One way to increase consumption and health benefits is to add nutrient‐rich fish meal into staple food ingredients. In this study, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the processing of an instant rice‐based cereal enriched with anchovy powder. The Box‐Behnken design was used to study the effect of principal processing variables (drying temperature, drum rotation speed, and slurry solids concentration) on product water activity, color, bulk density, and water solubility index. Viscosity, consistency, and cohesiveness of the reconstitute cereal were also evaluated. Empirical models were developed to describe the relationship between independent and dependent variables and showed regression coefficients (R2) ranging between 71% and 98%. Higher drying temperatures resulted in reduced water activity, darker product color, and lower consistency. While drum speed influenced (p < .05) product color and water‐binding capacity, bulk density, and consistency of the reconstituted product was associated with slurry solids concentration. Optimal processing conditions obtained from the study were temperature of 130°C, drum speed of 9.3 rpm, and solids concentration of 20.5%. These conditions would be useful in the production of brown rice‐based instant cereal enriched with anchovy powder with desired quality properties.
Nutritional, functional, and allergenic properties of silkworm pupae
Authors: Wu Xuli , He Kan , Velickovic Tanja Cirkovic , Liu Zhigang
Published: July 2021

Edible insects are a food source that has high nutritional value. Domestic silkworm pupae are an important by‐product of sericulture and have a long history as food and feed ingredients in East Asia. Silkworm pupae are a good source of protein, lipids, minerals, and vitamins and are considered a good source of nutrients for humans. Silkworm pupae are a valuable insect source of substances used in healthcare products, medicines, food additives, and animal feed. Because silkworm pupae are being increasingly used in the human diet, potential allergic reactions to the substances they contain must be elucidated. Here, we present an overview of the benefits of silkworm pupae. First, we describe their nutritional value. Second, we report their functional properties and applications, focusing on their potential use in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Finally, we consider the current state of research regarding silkworm pupae‐induced allergies.
Discrete variance swap in a rough volatility economy
Authors: Xi Yiru , Wong Hoi Ying
Published: July 2021

The discrete variance swap is one of the most popular volatility derivatives traded on the over‐the‐counter market. This paper discusses its valuation in a rough volatility economy and the impact of roughness on the term structure of discrete variance swap prices. A semianalytic solution is obtained through stochastic convolution. Our numerical experiments show that the roughness of volatility has a significant impact on the concavity of the variance swap term structure.
Geochronology and geochemistry of Late Mesozoic diabase in the Litun ore district, North China Craton
Authors: Zhu Yuzhen , Zhang Zhaonian , Shen Lijun , Wang Huaihong , Zhou Minglei , Zhang Xinbin , Gao Zhijun , Shen Ying
Published: July 2021

Mesozoic mafic dykes in the Litun ore district provide an opportunity to study the nature of the Mesozoic lithospheric mantle beneath the Luxi area of the North China Craton. U–Pb dating of zircon from the Litun diabase using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry yields an age of 124.6 ± 1.7 Ma, indicating an Early Cretaceous emplacement age. Samples from the Litun diabase display a medium‐ to fine‐grained texture, consisting of plagioclase (60–65 vol%), clinopyroxene (30–35 vol%), and minor biotite (~2 vol%). They are characterized by enrichment of large‐ion lithophile elements (LILEs, such as Rb, Ba, Th, and U) and light rare‐earth elements (LREEs) without significant Eu anomalies (0.83–1.07), depletion of high‐field‐strength elements (HFSEs, such as Nb, Ta, and Ti). The Litun diabase has relatively high initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7049–0.7060) and negative εNd(t) values (−11.7 to −9.7). The Litun diabase also shows high MgO (10.52–13.84 wt%), Cr (956–1,162 ppm), Co (26.5–65.6 ppm), and Ni (240–514 ppm) contents and low Rb/Sr ratios (0.01–0.03). These geochemical features suggest that the Litun diabase may have originated from an enriched lithospheric mantle source with amphibole as an essential phase, and that the Litun diabase was not significantly affected by fractional crystallization and crustal contamination. In combination with the Sr–Nd isotopic compositions of mafic rocks in the Luxi area (such as the Mengyin mafic dykes and Jinan gabbro), our results suggest that the lithospheric mantle beneath the Luxi area may have been rapidly enriched between ~144 and ~124 Ma, which was induced by sequential hybridization of sinked lower crust.
Inhibition of Drug‐Induced Liver Injury in Mice Using a Positively Charged Peptide That Binds DNA
Authors: Marques Pedro E. , Vandendriessche Sofie , de Oliveira Thiago H.C. , Crijns Helena , Lopes Mateus E. , Blanter Marfa , Schuermans Sara , Yu Karen , Poosti Fariba , Vanheule Vincent , Janssens Rik , Boff Daiane , Kungl Andreas J. , Menezes Gustavo B. , Teixeira Mauro M. , Proost Paul
Published: July 2021

Hepatic cell death occurs in response to diverse stimuli such as chemical and physical damage. The exposure of intracellular contents such as DNA during necrosis induces a severe inflammatory response that has yet to be fully explored therapeutically. Here, we sought means to neutralize the ability of extracellular DNA to induce deleterious tissue inflammation when drug‐induced liver injury had already ensued. DNA exposure and inflammation were investigated in vivo in drug‐induced liver injury using intravital microscopy. The necrotic DNA debris was studied in murine livers in vivo and in DNA debris models in vitro by using a positively charged chemokine‐derived peptide (MIG30; CXCL9[74‐103]). Acetaminophen‐induced liver necrosis was associated with massive DNA accumulation, production of CXC chemokines, and neutrophil activation inside the injured tissue. The MIG30 peptide bound the healthy liver vasculature and, to a much greater extent, to DNA‐rich necrotic tissue. Moreover, MIG30 bound extracellular DNA directly in vivo in a charge‐dependent manner and independently of glycosaminoglycans and chemokines. Post‐treatment of mice with MIG30 reduced mortality, liver damage, and inflammation significantly. These effects were not observed with a control peptide that does not bind DNA. Mechanistically, MIG30 inhibited the interaction between DNA and histones, and promoted the dissociation of histones from necrotic debris. MIG30 also inhibited the pro‐inflammatory effect of CpG DNA, as measured by a reduction in CXCL8 production, indicating that MIG30 disturbs the ability of DNA to induce hepatic inflammation. Conclusion: The use of DNA‐binding peptides reduces necrotic liver injury and inflammation, even at late timepoints.
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Prevalence Trends Among Adolescents and Young Adults in the United States, 2007‐2016
Authors: Arshad Tamoore , Paik James M. , Biswas Rakesh , Alqahtani Saleh A. , Henry Linda , Younossi Zobair M.
Published: July 2021

Understanding the burden of NAFLD among adolescents and young adults has become increasingly relevant. Our aim was to estimate the prevalence of NAFLD among adolescents and young adults in the United States. Data were obtained from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007‐2016. Adolescents and young adults aged 12 to 29 years were included. NAFLD was determined by the U.S. Fatty Liver Index in the absence of secondary causes of liver disease, and the differences in prevalence trends were analyzed based on age, gender, and race. Complete data were available for 4,654 adolescents and young adults (mean age 21 years; 50.9% male; 56.8% White, 20.9% Hispanic, and 13.3% Black). The overall prevalence of NAFLD among adolescents and young adults was 18.5%, ranging from 13.2% among early and middle adolescents (12‐17 years) to 18.7% among late adolescents and young adults (18‐24 years), to 24.0% among older young adults (25‐30 years) (trend P < 0.001). The prevalence of NAFLD was higher for boys than for girls (aged 12‐17: 15.1% vs. 11.3%; aged 18‐24: 21.1% vs. 16.2%; aged 25‐30: 28.7% vs. 19.2%, all P < 0.030). Among all age groups, Hispanics had a higher prevalence of NAFLD than Whites and Blacks (pairwise P < 0.001). Over the study time period, the prevalence of NAFLD among early and middle adolescents and young adults did not change (trend P > 0.80). In contrast, NAFLD prevalence among late adolescents increased (trend P = 0.018). In fact, White and Hispanic late adolescents were the drivers behind this increase in the prevalence of NAFLD. Conclusion: These data indicate an increasing trend in NAFLD prevalence among 18‐24‐year‐olds. These data have important public health and policy implications.
Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 alpha 2 Messenger RNA Reprograms Liver‐Enriched Transcription Factors and Functional Proteins in End‐Stage Cirrhotic Human Hepatocytes
Authors: Tafaleng Edgar N. , Mukherjee Amitava , Bell Aaron , Morita Kazutoyo , Guzman‐Lepe Jorge , Haep Nils , Florentino Rodrigo M. , Diaz‐Aragon Ricardo , Frau Carla , Ostrowska Alina , Schultz Joshua R. , Martini Paolo G. V. , Soto‐Gutierrez Alejandro , Fox Ira J.
Published: July 2021

The only definitive therapy for end‐stage liver disease is whole‐organ transplantation. The success of this intervention is severely limited by the complexity of the surgery, the cost of patient care, the need for long‐term immunosuppression, and the shortage of donor organs. In rodents and humans, end‐stage degeneration of hepatocyte function is associated with disruption of the liver‐specific transcriptional network and a nearly complete loss of promoter P1‐driven hepatocyte nuclear factor 4‐alpha (P1‐HNF4α) activity. Re‐expression of HNF4α2, the predominant P1‐HNF4α, reinstates the transcriptional network, normalizes the genes important for hepatocyte function, and reverses liver failure in rodents. In this study, we tested the effectiveness of supplementary expression of human HNF4α2 messenger RNA (mRNA) in primary human hepatocytes isolated from explanted livers of patients who underwent transplant for end‐stage irreversibly decompensated liver failure (Child‐Pugh B, C) resulting from alcohol‐mediated cirrhosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Re‐expression of HNF4α2 in decompensated cirrhotic human hepatocytes corrects the disrupted transcriptional network and normalizes the expression of genes important for hepatocyte function, improving liver‐specific protein expression. End‐stage liver disease in humans is associated with both loss of P1‐HNF4α expression and failure of its localization to the nucleus. We found that while HNF4α2 re‐expression increased the amount of P1‐HNF4α protein in hepatocytes, it did not alter the ability of hepatocytes to localize P1‐HNF4α to their nuclei. Conclusion: Re‐expression of HNF4α2 mRNA in livers of patients with end‐stage disease may be an effective therapy for terminal liver failure that would circumvent the need for organ transplantation. The efficacy of this strategy may be enhanced by discovering the cause for loss of nuclear P1‐HNF4α localization in end‐stage cirrhosis, a process not found in rodent studies.
Poor Awareness of Liver Disease Among Adults With NAFLD in the United States
Authors: Alqahtani Saleh A. , Paik James M. , Biswas Rakesh , Arshad Tamoore , Henry Linda , Younossi Zobair M.
Published: July 2021

Population‐based studies that estimate awareness of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the United States are scant. We aimed to understand public awareness of NAFLD and its temporal trends. Our study included 11,700 adults (18+ years old) from five National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2007‐2016). NAFLD was determined by the improved Fatty Liver Index for the multiethnic U.S. population (US‐FLI) in the absence of secondary causes of liver disease. Overall prevalence of NAFLD, hepatitis C virus, and hepatitis B virus were 36.6%, 1.02% and 0.35%, respectively. From 2007‐2008 to 2015‐2016, awareness of liver disease among adults with NAFLD improved from 4.4% to 6.3% (trend P = 0.026) but 4 to 10 times lower than awareness about viral hepatitis. In 2015‐2016, among adults with NAFLD, awareness of liver disease was lower among young adults (aged 18‐29 years) compared with those aged ≥ 30 years (0% vs. 6.9%) and lower among non‐Hispanic Blacks compared with other races (0.7% vs. 6.6%) (all P < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, young adults (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.29; confidence interval [CI] 0.10‐0.87) and non‐Hispanic Blacks (aOR = 0.43; CI 0.20‐0.96) were negatively associated with awareness of liver disease among adults with NAFLD, whereas diabetes (aOR = 2.22; CI 1.37‐3.58), advanced fibrosis (aOR = 2.34; CI 1.17‐4.68), and a higher number of health care visits (aOR = 1.33; CI 1.15‐1.50) were positively associated with awareness of liver disease. Nearly 96% of adults with NAFLD in the United States were unaware they had liver disease, especially among young adults and non‐Hispanic Blacks. Findings indicate efforts are needed to improve awareness of NAFLD.
Temporal dynamic of the hippocampal structural plasticity associated with the fear memory destabilization/reconsolidation process
Authors: Comas Mutis Ramiro , Espejo Pablo Javier , Martijena Irene Delia , Molina Victor Alejandro , Calfa Gastón Diego
Published: July 2021

Reconsolidation of a contextual fear memory is a protein synthesis‐dependent process in which a previously destabilized memory returns to a stable state. This process has become the subject of many studies due to its importance in memory processing, maintenance and updating, and its potential role as a therapeutical target in fear memory disorders such as phobias and post‐traumatic stress disorder. In this sense, understanding the underlying mechanisms of memory reconsolidation is paramount in developing potential treatments for such memory dysfunctions. In the present work, we studied the interaction between two key neural structures involved in the reconsolidation process: the basolateral amygdala complex of the amygdala (BLA) and the dorsal hippocampus (DH). Our results show changes in the structural plasticity of the CA1 region of the DH in the form of dendritic spines density changes associated with the destabilization/reconsolidation process. Furthermore, we demonstrate a modulatory role of BLA over such structural plasticity by infusing different drugs such as ifenprodil, a destabilization blocker, and propranolol, a reconsolidation disruptor, in this brain structure. Altogether our work shows a particular temporal dynamic in the CA1 region of DH that accompanies the destabilization/reconsolidation process and aims to provide new information on the underlying mechanisms of this process that potentially contributes for a better understanding of memory storage, maintenance, expression and updating, and its potential medical applications.
Developing and validating regression models for predicting household consumption to introduce an equitable and sustainable health insurance system in Cambodia
Authors: Nakamura Haruyo , Amimo Floriano , Yi Siyan , Tuot Sovannary , Yoshida Tomoya , Tobe Makoto , Rahman Md. Mizanur , Yoneoka Daisuke , Ishizuka Aya , Nomura Shuhei
Published: July 2021

Background

Financial protection is a challenge for low‐ and middle‐income countries, where the fiscal space is limited, and majority of the population is engaged in the informal economy. This study developed and validated household consumption predictive models for Cambodia to collect contributions according to one's ability to pay.

Methods

This study used nationally representative survey data collected annually between 2010 and 2017, involving 38,472 households. We developed four alternative models: the manually selected linear model, the linear model with stepwise technique, the mixed effects linear model, and the model with regularisation technique. Subsequently, we performed out‐of‐sample cross‐validation for each model, and evaluated the model prediction performance.

Results

Overall, observed and predicted household consumptions were linearly related in all four models. While the prediction performance of the models did not substantially differ, the stepwise linear model showed the best performance. The regularisation and the mixed effects were not particularly effective in these regressions. The household consumption was better predicted for those with lower consumption, and the predictivity declined as the consumption level increased.

Conclusions

This study suggests the possibility of predicting household consumption at a reasonable level. This would maximise the contribution revenue, optimise the government subsidy, and ensure equity in healthcare access.
Darcy–Forchheimer flow of Ree–Eyring fluid over an inclined plate with chemical reaction: A statistical approach
Authors: Purna Chandar Rao Darapuneni , Thiagarajan Swaminathan , Srinivasa Kumar Vajha
Published: July 2021

In spite of various reports on non‐Newtonian fluids, little is known on the impact of chemical reaction on the Darcy–Forchheimer flow of Ree–Eyring fluid when Cattaneo–Christov (C‐C) heat flux (HF) is significant. The inclusion of porous medium occurs in various procedures which include heat transfer, geophysics design, and so forth. It also influences oil production recovery, energy storage units, solar receivers, and many others. The Darcy–Forchheimer flow model is important in the fields where a high flow rate effect is a common phenomenon, for instance, in petroleum engineering. In this study, we aim to analyze the dissipative Darcy–Forchheimer flow of Ree–Eyring fluid by an inclined (stretching) plate with chemical reaction. We have included the C‐C HF model to investigate the heat transfer characteristics of the fluid. Equations in the mathematical model are metamorphosed as ordinary differential equations and then unriddled with the aid of shooting strategy. The main advantage of the shooting method is that it is easy to apply. The shooting method requires good initial guesses for the first derivative and can be applied to both linear and nonlinear problems. Results are explicated through graphs. We took the help of a statistical tool, that is, correlation coefficient to analyze the impression of crucial parameters on surface friction drag (skin friction coefficient), heat and mass transfer rates. The main inferences of this study are porosity parameter and Forchheimer numbers deprecate the fluid velocity, Eckert number ameliorates fluid temperature and concentration minifies with larger chemical reaction parameter. It is discovered that the Forchheimer and Weissenberg numbers deprecate the surface friction drag. Mass transfer rate has a substantial positive relationship with Schmidt number and chemical reaction. Furthermore, the heat transfer rate has a substantial positive correlation with the thermal relaxation parameter and a substantial negative correlation with the Eckert number.
A catchment water balance assessment of an abrupt shift in evapotranspiration at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA
Authors: Green Mark B. , Bailey Scott W. , Campbell John L. , McGuire Kevin J. , Bailey Amey S. , Fahey Timothy J. , Lany Nina , Zietlow David
Published: July 2021

Small catchments have served as sentinels of forest ecosystem responses to changes in air quality and climate. The Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire has been tracking catchment water budgets and their controls – meteorology and vegetation – since 1956. Water budgets in four reference catchments indicated an approximately 30% increase in the evapotranspiration (ET) as estimated by the difference between precipitation (P) and runoff (RO) starting in 2010 and continuing through 2019. We analyzed the annual water budgets, cumulative deviations of the daily P, RO and water budget residual (WBR = P − RO), potential ET (PET) and indicators of subsurface storage to gain greater insight into this shift in the water budgets. The PET and the subsurface storage indicators suggest that this change in WBR was primarily due to increasing ET. While multiple long‐term hydrological and micrometeorological data sets were used to detect and investigate this change in ET, additional measurements of groundwater storage and soil moisture would enable better estimation of ET within the catchment water balance. Increasing the breadth of long‐term measurements across small gauged catchments allows them to serve as more effective sentinels of substantial hydrologic changes like the ET increase that we observed.
Physiochemical and bactericidal activity evaluation: Silver‐augmented 3D‐printed scaffolds—An in vitro study
Authors: Nayak Vasudev Vivekanand , Tovar Nick , Hacquebord Jacques Henri , Duarte Simone , Panariello Beatriz H. D. , Tonon Caroline , Atria Pablo J. , Coelho Paulo G. , Witek Lukasz
Published: July 2021

Hypothesis

Injuries requiring resection of tissue followed by autogenous bone transfer may be prone to infection by Staphylococcus aureus, impeding recovery and increasing medical costs. For critical sized defects, the common approach to reconstruction is a tissue transfer procedure but is subject to limitations (e.g., donor site morbidity, cost, operating time). Utilizing beta tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) as bone grafting material augmented with silver (Ag), a custom graft may be 3D printed to overcome limitations and minimize potential infections.

Experiments

Scaffolds were 3D printed and augmented with Ag by external attack on the surface by silver nitrate (AgNO3) at varying concentrations (0.1, 1.0, 10% wt/wt of scaffold). The augmented scaffolds were evaluated utilizing X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP‐MS) to verify the presence of Ag and phosphate (PO4) groups followed by electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to gather information of chemical and physical properties. Preliminary biocompatibility and bactericidal capacity of the scaffolds were tested using human osteoprogenitor (hOP) cells and methicillin‐sensitive S. aureus strain, respectively.

Results

XRD, FTIR, ICP‐MS, TGA, and DSC confirmed presence of Ag and PO4 groups, whereas electron microscopy showed a decrease in Ca and an increase in Ag ions, decreasing Ca/P ratio with increasing surfactant concentrations. PrestoBlue assays yielded an increase in fluorescence cell counts among experimental groups with lower concentrations of Ag characterized by their characteristic trapezoidal shape whereas cytotoxicity was observed at higher concentrations. Similar observations were made with alkaline phosphatase assays. Antimicrobial evaluation showed reduced colony‐forming units (CFU) among all experimental groups when compared to 100% β‐TCP. β‐TCP scaffolds augmented with Ag ions facilitate antibacterial effects while promoting osteoblast adhesion and proliferation.