bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Governance” an introduction to fight financial and administrative corruption in state-owned enterprises and companies
Authors: زهراء عبد القادر طاهر  , ا.د. عبد الإله توفيق حسين
Published: February 2025

Institutional governance is one of the mechanisms that have become necessary to apply in most institutions, whether governmental or private, in order to achieve effective rational management that fulfills the interests of all those dealing with the institution. To highlight this role, the researchers set three goals

Focusing on the role of audit committees in boards of directors, as they are the most important pillars of achieving this new concept.
The relationship of these committees to the internal and external audit committees.
Draw the attention of all responsible authorities to the danger of financial and administrative corruption.

To achieve the objectives of the research, the researchers followed the descriptive and analytical approach.
The researchers reviewed the research variables, and the first topic included corporate governance, its development and benefits.
As for the second topic, it included the conceptual aspect of financial and administrative corruption and its most important causes, manifestations and consequences.
As for the third topic, the role of governance mechanisms in reducing cases of financial and administrative corruption.

Governance is the effective method for curbing administrative corruption if appropriate and clear laws are put in place, with the importance of including them in punitive texts that deter anyone who abuses the application of law and strives in his administrative specialization
Conducting a comprehensive evaluation process for governance programs.
نموذج الذكاء العملي ودوره في تحسين الاداء دراسة تطبيقية في شركة الاستكشافات النفطية العراقية
Authors: م.م. حسين علي صدام العقابي  , أ.د. انعام علي  توفيق الشهربلي
Published: February 2025

The current study aims to study the possibility of applying Knowledge Management Models and their role in achieving improvement in technical and administrative performance in the Iraqi Oil Exploration Company. The researcher determined the level of institutional performance in a company by distributing a performance measurement questionnaire consisting of (35) items. After collecting and analyzing the responses, the researcher selected models for knowledge management as he analyzed them and converted them into a special questionnaire for each knowledge model in a sequential order from the dimensions to the axes and points.
After distributing the questionnaire for each model, the models that are most suitable and consistent with the reality and nature of performance in the company were determined. The models are (the practical intelligence model with a higher percentage, while the knowledge management life cycle model obtained the second sequence). Descriptive analysis and distribution of the data were used as well as the percentage of flattening and twisting of the sample. The study, then, uses the AMOS program, the confirmation analysis, the Fakronbach factor, and the statistical program (SPSS V23) to confirm and prove the hypotheses of the study.
دور استراتيجية الموازنة في الاداء الحكومي (دراسة حالة في وزارة الموارد المائية)
Authors: رولى سرمد حميد  , م.د. احمد جواد الدهلكي
Published: February 2025

He research aims to clarify the general strategy budget roles  in government performance, as it is one of the most important steps pursued by the public financial policy. To achieve the research objectives, the Ministry of water Resources was studied as a case through analyzing the general budget data for the period from 2009 to 2018.  A set of conclusions and recommendation was reached, the most prominent one is a number of lagging projects which was the presence at the Ministry of Water Resources, despite of the ministry’s general strategy, the main reason for that is that the ministry depending on programs budget which related to un accurate of expenditures, revenues estimation, and other technical reasons, as well as the lack of funding for the ministry in the financial allocations prescribed in general budget, especially for the years 2014-2017 due to the significant drop of oil prices, which led to delays and lag in projects completion and some of them stopped working which in need to work with the modern budget system such as budget programs and performance in the investment budget to ensure their implementation within the plan, and expand investment spending as well as contribute to improving the performance of the government, which reflects positively on the level of services.
The role of creativity and anticipation in banking performance
Authors: أفراح رشيد شندل  , أ.م.أمل محمود علي
Published: February 2025

This research aims to identify the role of entrepreneurial behavior through the entrepreneur's possession of creative management characteristics that help him in building and managing the organization through what he adopts from a new idea or innovation of a new style or product or a new development process put on the market, and it requires the entrepreneur to be unconventional Rather, he has a broad imagination in his distinctive leadership of modern management philosophy, and among the actions of the entrepreneur is to spread the spirit of loyalty and belonging to the work through the information he possesses and its use in the work, knowledge of the internal environment and what surrounds it, and administrative decisions regarding the organization's resources and how to invest them. A theoretical framework on the concept of entrepreneurship and the characteristics of entrepreneurial behavior and the extent of their impact on introducing new creative products, thus strengthening its economic position to meet the competitive challenges it faces in the market and its access to success and excellence. Therefore, this research aims to identify the characteristics of entrepreneurial behavior (the independent variable) and its role on banking performance ( The dependent variable) and for the purpose of achieving its objectives, a hypothetical scheme was constructed that defines the nature of the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable.
تأثير اصوات العاملين في تعزيز الوعي الاستراتيجي – دراسة استطلاعية لاراء عينة من موظفي شركة ربان السفينة للمقاولات
Authors: م.م هديل قاسم عليوي  , م.م ابراهيم صالح حسن  , م.م علي سعدون علي
Published: February 2025

The research aims to shed light on the analysis of the relationship and influence between the voices of workers and awareness. And since The research problem was represented in an important question, which is (Is there a relationship and influence between the voices of workers and strategic awareness) and for the purpose of explaining the relationship between the main research variables, two main hypotheses were formulated for correlation and influence. The questionnaire was also adopted as a main tool for data collection, as the sample included (40) employees out of a total community of (53) in Rabban Al Safina Company, and for the purpose data analysis, the statistical program SPSS and EXCEL were used, and the statistical methods used are (Spearman's correlation coefficient and simple linear regression coefficient) . The research has reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which are (there is a high level of workers’ voices in enhancing strategic awareness in Raban Al Safina Company, and the existence of a moral and direct correlation relationship between the voices of employees and strategic awareness) , and the research puts forward a set of recommendations, most notably the need for the company to seek to Paying attention to the voices of employees and their influence in promoting and developing the strategic awareness of the company and involving them in solving administrative and organizational problems .
The role of the organization's characteristics in achieving sustainable competitive advantage (applied research on a group of civil colleges)
Authors: م.م مصطفى اكرم حنتوش
Published: February 2025

This research aims to identify the impact of the characteristics of the learning organization in its dimensions (mental models, organizational excellence, systemic thinking, shared vision, collective learning) in each of the dimensions of sustainable competitive advantage represented by (quality, responsiveness to customers, effectiveness). Information related to the field research was collected in three private colleges (Baghdad University College of Economic Sciences - Al-Mo'mun University College - Al-Turath University) by designing a questionnaire that was distributed to the research sample of (75) teachers and administrators in the colleges. The research showed several conclusions, including: (1) There is a direct correlation with a statistical significance between all the characteristics of the learning organization represented by (mental models, organizational excellence, associative thinking, joint vision, group learning) and between each dimension of the sustainable competitive advantage represented by (quality response to customers, effectiveness). (2) The application of the characteristics of the learning organization represented by (mental models, organizational excellence, associative thinking, shared vision, group learning) in the faculties of the research sample led to a significant impact in every dimension of the sustainable competitive advantage represented by (quality, response to customers, effectiveness ),
At the end of the research, a number of recommendations were reached, the most important of which are: Private organizations, including private colleges and universities, should develop and popularize the concept of the characteristics of the educated organization and adopt this concept in its departments, because this concept provides the organization with a model that helps in development, progress and achieving the organization's goals related to achieving competitive advantage The sustainable represented by quality, responsiveness to customers and effectiveness, which all organizations seek to achieve
The US-China Trade Conflict: Global Economic Drivers and Implications
Authors: هاني منعم دحام  , أ.د. هناء عبد الغفار حمود
Published: February 2025

The research aims to investigate the facts of the trade dispute between the United States of America and China of the utmost importance of these two countries at the international level because the relationship between them is a mixture of cooperation and competition and is governed by interests and possesses special economic, political and military advantages and components. China is a strong competitor to the United States of America and has become its largest trading partner since 2015 and seeks to make the global system multi-polar, and this is what scares the United States of America and is using the deficit in its trade balance, intellectual property rights and US national security as an excuse to provoke trade frictions with China, where the two sides fight Trade battles by imposing tariffs on each other's goods . The study tries to analyze the nature of the relationship between the United States of America and China and to explain the impact of this ongoing conflict between them on the two sides and the economic growth in the world and to identify its repercussions. One of the most important conclusions is that the trade dispute between them is the latest transformations in the global trading system and contributed to the formation of uncertainty in the global economy, undermining the business climate and creating confidence in financial markets, and this conflict has resulted in incompatibility in trade and financial policies at the level of international relations. Recommending that the parties to the conflict reach an agreement to stop the trade dispute between the two disputing countries, especially from the United States of America, as it will be affected more than China by this dispute, In addition, ending this conflict is an international requirement to maintain global economic stability. The emergence of the Corona pandemic threatened the global economy, and led to the failure or halting of attempts to resolve the conflict between the United States of America and China.
تأثيـر مخاطـر السيولـة المصرفيـة في مؤشـرات السلامـة الماليـة ( FSI.) في العراق للمدة 2019-2005
Authors: ضـحى ذيـاب أحمـد  , أ.د. صـبـحي حسـون عباس
Published: February 2025

The banking system is considered one of the basic and important elements for building the economy and enhancing the financial soundness of the banking sector, and this importance comes from the role of banks operating in it as depository institutions and intermediaries between supply and demand units, in addition to modern banking services and payment systems that increase the efficiency and effectiveness of economic activity. Therefore, we find that indicators of liquidity risk are important indicators that reflect the activity of banks, which at the same time may reflect a misleading picture of the conditions of banks in terms of the strength of their balance sheets and the extent of their compliance and commitment to the standards and instructions issued by the Central Bank. Therefore, bank liquidity is the basis of the banks' work and is considered their backbone. Rather, the banks ’work depends on them, which is reflected in the financial soundness of the financial system. This importance led us to choose the topic of the research, as the research aimed to determine the impact of bank liquidity risks on financial safety indicators. This study was conducted on the Iraqi banking system for the period 2005-2019, and the descriptive analytical approach was adopted based on data and information on government and private banks that were taken. From the official authorities represented by the Central Bank of Iraq. Finally, the research reached a set of conclusions, including the existence of a compromise relationship between the ratio of total loans to total deposits and the ratio of capital adequacy, and that the ratio of total liquid assets to total deposits has some effect on total non-performing loans to total assets, and there is some agreement and then The effect of the ratio of total loans to total deposits on the ratio of bad loans to total cash credit, with few exceptions.
Measuring the impact of the budget deficit on Iraq's GDP for the duration (2004-2018)
Authors: ا.م.د حاتم كريم بلحاوي  , م.د سامي عواد غلام  , م.م زينة خضير محمود
Published: February 2025

Crude oil is the main source of financing for Iraq's general budget, as the surplus or deficit is linked to the volatility of crude oil prices on international markets.  The importance of the research comes from the fact that the subject of the study is concerned with the study of the general budget and its relevance to GDP .
 The research aims to analyze the general budget in Iraq as well as the structure of GDP and the relative importance of the contribution of economic sectors to the gross domestic product. The inductive approach was used to analyze the findings of the research, which means that the quantitative method was also used in measuring the relationship between the balance sheet and GDP. The research limits for the period (2003-2018) were extended. The research also reached a set of conclusions and recommendations, including:
1- The Iraqi economy depends on oil revenues directly in the financing of the general budget, which means its economy is a unilateral economy. The Iraqi economy is directly affected by the fluctuation in crude oil prices on international markets due to its dependence on oil revenues.
2- Through the standard side it has been proven that there is a direct relationship between the deficit or the surplus in the general budget and the total bee output.
3- The need to diversify the Iraqi economy and not rely on a single resource to finance the general budget in order to avoid the structural problems and imbalances that occur as a result of dependence on a single economic resource
Forecasting the market exchange rate of the Iraqi dinar for the period (March/2021-December/2021) using the (ARIMA) model
Authors: حنان باسم فتح الله  , أ.م.د. مصطفى كامل رشيد
Published: February 2025

The exchange rate is one of the important tools of the monetary authority, in all countries of the world generally, and developing countries particularly, due to its high sensitivity to the investment climate, business environment and economic conditions. The most appropriate to the facts and the political economy data. This study analyzed the exchange rate of the Iraqi dinar against the official and parallel US dollar, and developed a prediction for it until the end of 2021. The exchange data was used for the period (1/1/2004-28/2/2018) and on the basis of which the predictive trend of this study. The problem of the study is the excessive sensitivity of the macroeconomic variables to the change in the Iraqi exchange rate, due to the deterioration of the real macroeconomic environment. This leaves a bad impression on the public about possession of money and a preference for other components of wealth, this gives rise to pessimistic expectations in local markets that push towards raising the general level of prices, and motivate the regulatory groups of local markets to collude in order to raise the ceiling of personal gains in return for harming the interest of society. The hypothesis of the study is that the monetary authority’s adoption of a high exchange rate will adapt the markets to it after a period of time at new limits for the values of macroeconomic variables, the study concluded that the predicted parallel exchange rate will maintain a balanced marginal limit in the short term vis-à-vis the official exchange rate, so the study recommends It is necessary to be vigilant against regulatory market indicators and collusion that try to push local markets away from their true values.
Examining the causal relationship between sustainability public finances and real exchange rates for Arab oil states, the case of Algeria, Iraq and Saudi Arabia
Authors: د. رمضاني محمد  , د. حراث حنان
Published: February 2025

This research aims to analyze the causal relationship between the sustainability public finances capabilities of the Arab oil states and their real exchange rates in light of the instability of oil prices in the global markets.
This paper also examines and focuses on finding a standard model that can measure with acceptable quality for this relationship. The ARDL model has been adopted after confirming its relative quality in the period (2014-2020).A sample of Arab oil states are Algeria, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia, with the aim of clarifying the factors most influencing the phenomenon of sustainability public finances in support of the sustainability of their real exchange rates, especially in periods of oil shocks and their aftermath.The applied results of this study of the study sample showed that the factors affecting the stability of real exchange rates, for Algeria are the sustainability public finances index, and for Iraq they are the two variables of the crude GDP and the oil return rate, and for Saudi Arabia, the three variables are the ratio of sustainability public finances, the gross domestic product and the ratio of  Oil yield.
دور تكنولوجيا النانو في تحقيق ابعاد التنمية المستدامة
Authors: أنسام احمد فاضل  , أ.م.د نضال محمد رضا الخلف
Published: February 2025

Nanotechnology is one of the latest in technological and scientific development in recent years, as it is the second industrial revolution that will contribute to achieving the economic, environmental and social dimensions of sustainable development by reducing industrial waste and then getting rid of industrial pollution and improving the efficiency of the use of available economic resources. The point of view The aim of the research is to introduce nanotechnology, what it is and the areas of its application in the industrial sector in general and in Iraq in particular, and to indicate the extent to which it can be used to support and achieve the economic, environmental and social dimensions of sustainable development. By reducing consumed resources.
استعمال انموذج الانحدار الخطي الضبابي في تقدير أثر سعر صرف الدولار على الناتج المحلي الاجمالي في العراق
Authors: مروان صبري عباس  , أ.م.د. احمد شاكر المتولي
Published: February 2025

The fuzzy linear regression model is one of the statistical methods that are used to represent the relationship between two or more phenomena when those phenomena or some of them are characterized by the inaccuracy or reliability of their data. The research deals with formulating the fuzzy relationship between the Iraqi GDP and the dollar exchange rate based on a fuzzy linear regression model with fuzzy inputs and outputs, and then using the fuzzy least squares method in estimating the impact of the dollar exchange rate (the explanatory variable) on the GDP (response variable), Since the observations of both variables are represented by fuzzy trigonometric numbers.
A Statistical Study to Determine the Most Important Factors Affecting (Heart Disease) using Factor Analysis
Authors: م.م. هوازن طه عبدالله  , أ.م.د. سميرة محمد صالح  , م.م. زيان محمد عمر
Published: February 2025

This study has conducted for the purpose of defining the most influential factors for the occurrences of the heart disease in a group of patient during the classification and specification of the most significant ones of the variables with the realization of each variable and its influence on each other  in the study,as well as the classifying relation among these variables were described through practicing on the analytical part which is called the factor analysis by using the method of principal axis factor on the heart data. This work reached out and finished with some conclusions among the most prominent ones are the ability to classify the variables into six group or major heterogeneity among themselves that influence the occurrence of the diseases.We also conclude that those variables that cause heart failure, which are serum creatinine, serum sodium, platelets, ejection fraction (cardiac output), sex and smoking, and also monitoring the time of disease occurrence in patients with the doctor.
The role of years of service and the social status of human resources on non-committed employees among individuals: a descriptive and analytical study in the office of the Iraqi Ministry of Planning
Authors: م. علي عبد السلام عبد الدائم
Published: February 2025

The study aimed to determine the degree of administrative control applied and the degree of functional slowdown in it  From the point of view of human resource management and the relationship between them. It also aimed to identify the effect of the variables (years of service, and marital status) of the Planning Bureau employees at the Ministry of Planning and its impact on the slowdown in employment among individuals.The study population may be from all the offices of the Ministry of Planning in the academic year (2015 -2020 AD)   The researcher used the descriptive and analytical approach because it is based on a set of procedures Research that relies on collecting facts and data, classifying them, processing them, analyzing them adequately and accurately, extracting their implications, and arriving at conclusions and recommendations related to the subject of the study.  As for the tool that was used to obtain the results of this study: The researcher divided the research into two requirements, where the first requirement represents the theoretical literature and administrative reports related to the topic. As for the second requirement, the study took into account that it contains two main parts, as the first variable for the study is the independent variables represented (service and social status, while the dependent variables represent (function laxity), and the researcher used to do so. WolframAlpha).Keyword: The study problem occupies great importance because it is related to the guest institutions on which the strategic planning of the country depends. Years of service are important and represent the employee’s ability to perform his role effectively and show which of the effective ages and which ones lead to neglect in the field of work, while the social status indicator gives us the importance of the social aspect (married, single) in reducing the phenomenon of idleness, and in sum all of these Variations are on the human resource side.
CAMELS Model and its Impact on the Evaluation of Banking Performance A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Osama Abdulsalam Jothr  , Ayad Abed Hameed  , Hussein Ali Mohaisen
Published: February 2025

The study aimed at identifying the CAMELS model in evaluating the performance of banks and attempting to reveal the strengths and weaknesses that banks endure in order to reach at the level of raising the effectiveness and efficiency of the performance of banking work according to modern performance evaluation models. This is achieved by analyzing the previous study from (2010) until now, focusing on previous studies in the Arab world and Iraq. The CAMELS system is considered one of the most important classification systems used by the supervisory bodies in the world to assess the safety of the performance of banks. The study concluded that the use of the CAMELS model leads to shortening the inspection time by focusing on six main items and not dispersing efforts in examining items that are unnecessary or affecting the integrity of the financial position. It helps to implement the principle of transparency and disclosure and to make information available to market customers andthe public. In order to achieve the goal of comprehensive supervision with a high degree of efficiency, more openness should be made to global developments and follow-up, especially those related to the financial analysis of banks, especially specialized systems such as the CAMELS system or other global systems that lead to benefiting from the experiences of the world's countries in advanced banks. Therefore, work must be done to develop the main elements, and to introduce new equations and ratios that lead to enhancing the rates and ratios used in order to reach more accurate results about the elements used in the model.
The Women’s Career Advancement and Performance of Upmarket Food and Beverage Services in the Hotel Industry of Rwanda: Case Study of Park Inn by Radisson Blu and Ubumwe Grande Hotels
Authors: GITENGE Claire , Ernest SAFARI
Published: February 2025

The global hospitality industry, contributing about 10.4% to global GDP and employing over 319 million people, faces significant gender disparities in leadership roles. In Rwanda's upscale hospitality sector, including Park Inn by Radisson Blu and Ubumwe Grande Hotel, cultural biases and societal norms impede women's progress into senior management. Despite government initiatives, barriers such as traditional gender roles, educational disparities, limited mentorship, and lack of female role models persist. This study, conducted from 2022 to 2023 with a sample size of 234, used a mixed-method approach to analyze these challenges. Findings revealed that 87.6% of respondents see cultural biases as obstructive, with major barriers being traditional roles (13.6%), educational gaps (7.3%), and lack of networking opportunities (3.5%). Other issues include family responsibilities (18.8%) and biases favoring male leadership traits (23.9%). Recommendations include implementing gender diversity quotas (11.9%), developing tailored leadership training (35.1%), establishing mentorship programs (21.4%), promoting work-life balance (17.9%), and conducting awareness campaigns (13.7%). Government support through diversity mandates, financial incentives, and equal pay regulations is essential for fostering gender equity and enhancing women’s leadership opportunities in Rwanda's hospitality sector.
Determinants on Generation Z's propensity to purchase sustainable products in Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Ichsan Mohammad , Sutanto Harry , Sudjatmoko Agung , Soenarto Hardisty Aliviasari , Salsabila Zsa Zsa , Febioza Muhammad Azizan
Published: February 2025

Except for consumers from the Millennial and Generation Z generations, sustainable products with their primary selling pointâ€”being ecologically friendly in the business concept and the production processâ€”have less of a place in people's purchasing preferences. Future consumers of millennials and Generation Z are committed to and interested in adopting sustainable products, which also exhibit extremely environmentally conscious consumer behavior. They will own and shape future consumption patterns. Jakartans stand out among them as particularly significant markers of economic advancement and development.Â  This study focuses on green attitudes, social norms, and perceived behavioral control, which are thought to influence green purchase behavior through green purchase intention, in order to identify the determinant factors of green purchasing behavior toward sustainable products.Â  A questionnaire for the non-probability sampling method was included in a Google Form package.Â Â  Purchase behavior is influenced by elements from the Theory of Planned Behavior (attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control), which in turn results in sustainable product purchasing behavior. Data analysis using SmartPLS software demonstrates that purchase intention has a direct impact. The results support the benefits of sustainable product adoption patterns.JEL ClassificationÂ  D12; M31; Q50
The circular economy strategies based on household waste management: Promoting environmental quality with the system dynamics approach
Authors: Kristianto Aloysius Hari , Yuliana Yuliana , Suratman Eddy , Yani Akhmad , Restiatun Restiatun
Published: February 2025

The circular economy is an innovative economic model that converts waste into valuable products, while offering substantial benefits for both regional and national economies. This study investigated how the household waste management practices affected environmental degradation and public health using the System Dynamics technique. The study drew on various sources, including mass media, expert opinions, time series data, and scientific publications, to assess the effect of waste on water, air, and public health quality. The findings indicated a link between population growth and the increased waste generation, particularly from the domestic sources. The unmanaged waste poses a threat to air and water quality, while highlighting the need for an improved waste management. A 3R approach (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle) in the circular economy offers clear environmental and economic benefits, such as the reduced environmental impact, the increased income generation, and the enhanced investment and job creation. Additionally, the circular economy promotes the recycling and green entrepreneurship, while boosting investment and job creation. Collaboration between governments and business owners strengthens local distribution and marketing, enhancing local self-sufficiency. In summary, the adoption of a circular economic model offers substantial and wide-ranging benefits for economies at both the regional and national levels.   
JEL Classification: K32; O44; Q50
Entrepreneurial tendency of Indonesia remote rural communities: Are the existence of community-based mini-grids matters?
Authors: Wibisono Hafidz , Suryani Siti , Safina Shafa Widad
Published: February 2025

Community-based mini-grids have emerged as a promising solution to deliver electricity to areas where extending the grid is considered too costly. Such mini-grids utilise locally available resources and are managed by the community, offering a more democratic and inclusive decision-making process. However, such systems’ operational and maintenance costs often burden the community, particularly in cases where electricity demand and financial capacity are low. It poses a significant challenge to the sustainability of mini-grid systems in rural areas. While there is an assumption that access to electricity promotes entrepreneurship among rural communities, evidence from studies exploring the roles of electricity in this topic varies. This research contributes to the debates on the nexus of electricity and rural enterprises focusing on people’s entrepreneurial propensity. By interpreting the general entrepreneurial tendency test (GET2) exercised to electricity beneficiaries in remote rural Indonesia, we observed limited evidence on how electricity promotes entrepreneurship among rural communities. Therefore, we argue that people’s propensity to be entrepreneurs needs to be stimulated holistically rather than merely by providing electricity.
JEL Classification: L26; O18; R20
Five Key Benefits of Remote Monitoring for Laboratory Test Equipment
Authors: Caesar Dan
Published: February 2025

Advanced technology and digitization have enabled new remote monitoring features that can increase the efficiency of a testing lab. Benefits of remote monitoring of test equipment include real-time data monitoring, predictive maintenance, remote diagnostics and troubleshooting, enhanced security and compliance, and data analytics and performance optimization.
Navigating the Evolution of Large Language Models in Business Analysis: A Comparative Study of RAG, Prompt Engineering, and Fine-Tuning Techniques
Authors: Alberici Andrea , Baci Nevila
Published: February 2025

The rapid advancements in large language models (LLMs) could prove to have significantly impacted the field of business analysis, particu­larly in the development of domain-specific languages (DSLs) tailored to de­scribe business requirements with precision and flexibility. The study high­lights the substantial progress in LLM capabilities, including extended con­text understanding, enhanced reasoning, and mathematical function­alities, which collectively facilitate deeper integration of domain-specific knowledge into business analysis processes.

The authors critically assess the relevance of Retrieval Augmented Gener­ative techniques that offer advanced knowledge injection methods, along with prompt engineering reasoning techniques, as opposed to fine-tun­ing LLMs. Furthermore, the research evaluates the strategic decision-mak­ing process for business analysts in adopting these technological advance­ments. The paper discusses whether business analysts should take a proac­tive or cautious approach when incorporating these AI-driven methodolo­gies into their analytical frameworks, or just wait for the next turn of LLM’s improvements.

By examining various case studies and conducting interviews with experts, this study provides insights into how the deliberate application of advanced LLM techniques can offset the services brought by RAG/Prompt engineer­ing techniques. The text also provides guidance for navigating the techno­logical landscape, indicating that it is important to stay updated with rap­id advancements. A strategic combination of RAG, prompt engineering, and fine-tuning can provide a balanced and effective approach to creating in­tentional frameworks that meet the evolving needs of businesses today.
A comparison between decay rate of rationals to ζ(3) and ζ(5)
Authors: Mahmoud Anhar Bakr
Published: February 2025

In this paper we compare numerically some methods of the approximation of zeta (3) and zeta (5) by rationals. The comparison is based on the decay rate of the errors when the series of rationals approximating such zeta values are truncated to a given order N. Several numerical results are also given.
CORPORATE IMAGE BASED ON “XIAOMI”
Authors: VIRKOVSKA Anastasiya , KOSHIL Viktoriia
Published: February 2025

The problem of creating the image of a national business organization cannot compete with companies operating on the global market, which raises the question of forming and improving the company’s image because the company’s success depends on it. However, many aspects of image management remain problematic, especially regarding the company’s internal image, which is an important motivating factor. The importance of image in the smartphone industry today cannot be underestimated as the industry is constantly evolving. Due to intense competition in the technology sector, smartphone manufacturers are forced to produce high-quality products and actively work on attracting attention to their brands. Marketing strategies are critical in increasing sales volumes, forming a positive company image, and maintaining leading positions in the market. In this paper, we analyzed the various marketing approaches implemented by smartphone companies, from “Apple” to “Xiaomi”, analyzing their strategies to attract consumers, their impact on their perception, and how they stand out in the market. This paper explores the various marketing approaches implemented by smartphone companies, from “Apple” to “Xiaomi”, analyzing their consumer engagement strategies, impact on consumer perception, and ways to differentiate themselves in the market. Moreover, it defines the essence of the image and the elements of its formation, considers the methods and toolkit of company image management, characterizes the activities of “Xiaomi”, analyzes the company image and factors affecting its reputation, identifies the problems of the development of “Xiaomi” image and directions of its improving based on the experience of its main competitors.
Dynamics of the world's most valuable global brands in geographic context
Authors: SHTOVBA Olena , SHTOVBA Serhiy
Published: February 2025

Currently, global brands have a significant impact not only on the economy, but also on other social processes. Huge financial, production and human resources are concentrated in global brands. Academic interest in global brands has been growing rapidly since 2005. The phenomenon of global brands attracts the attention of researchers from various fields – economists, financiers, marketers and systems analysts. The purpose of this article is to identify trends for the world's most valuable global brands with geographic ties. The initial data for the study are the ratings of the most valuable and strongest global brands published annually by Brand Finance. The time period of the study was the last 10 years - from 2015 to 2024. It was found that the drastical share of the value of global brands falls on 7 countries: USA, China, Germany, Japan, France, United Kingdom, and South Korea. The first position in the ranking is occupied by the United States, and the second, with a significant gap, is China. This pair of countries has steadily increased its share from 54.2% to 68% in the TOP–500 for 7 years, and from 63.5% to 79.8% in the TOP-100. Since 2021, the situation has stabilized. The dynamics of China and USA are in an opposite phase – while one country is increasing its share, the other is decreasing. Since 2021, the USA shows a positive dynamics. Japan shows a stable negative trend in both the TOP–100 and the TOP–500. USA, China, Germany, and South Korea have stronger positions in the TOP–100 than in the TOP–500 throughout the period. These countries focus on hyper-valuable brands. France and United Kingdom are on the other side, preferring valuable rather than hyper-valuable brands. Japan occupies an intermediate position between these two clusters. Further research should be directed to the analysis of global brands as a complex system with the identification of the peculiarities of statistical laws of distribution of the value of its elements and their variability over time.
Correlation-regression modeling of the impact of exports, imports and inflation index on the GDP level of Ukraine
Authors: AZAROVA ANZHELIKA , YELISIEIEVA OKSANA , NIKIFOROVA LILIA , KHYMYCH VICTORIIA
Published: February 2025

Analysis of the dependence between the basic indicators of the impact on the gross domestic product, in particular, such as exports, imports and the inflation index, makes it possible not only to understand the interaction between these indicators for the purpose of managing them, but also to determine the ratio of their percentage impact in the macroeconomic context. At the same time, the country's economic growth depends on the balanced development of foreign trade, which includes both exports (which contribute to the inflow of currency and an increase in production) and imports (which provide access to the necessary resources and technologies). Therefore, the article examines the impact of export, import and inflation indicators on changes in the gross domestic product of Ukraine using correlation and regression modeling methods. The analysis of these economic indicators was carried out using statistical tools to identify the density of the relationship between these features and determine their elasticity of impact on GDP. The constructed correlation and regression models were checked for adequacy and compliance with the conditions for the correct application of the least squares method, in particular, for the absence of heteroscedasticity using the Spearman rank test. The obtained value of the correlation coefficient in the single-factor model of the dependence of GDP on the inflation index proved the weakness of the relationship between such features, which is explained by the fact that the NBU has been implementing and continues since 2023 inflation targeting, which involves directing Ukraine's monetary policy to maintain the target inflation level, which makes it impossible for it to have a negative impact on other macroeconomic indicators, in particular on the decline in the GDP level. As a result of the study, the degree of interrelationship between external economic indicators, inflationary processes and the dynamics of the country's economic development was established. The conclusions obtained can be used to formulate recommendations for improving economic policy aimed at stimulating economic growth and increasing the efficiency of managing macroeconomic processes.
DEVELOPMENT DETERMINANTS OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES: A CASE STUDY OF UKRAINE
Authors: BEZSMERTNA Oksana , DYBALA Anna
Published: February 2025

This article explores the repercussions of the war on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Ukraine, focusing on their status at the end of 2023. Additionally, it provides region-specific insights, acknowledging that the impact of military actions varied across different areas of the country. The assessment highlights the main challenges, obstacles, and risks that have hindered business growth. It also evaluates the needs and priorities of small businesses for Ukraine’s recovery after the war, which could play a crucial role in the nation’s broader societal recovery.
Delayed dural graft breakdown and intracranial hypotension following posterior fossa decompression and duraplasty for Chiari malformation type I: illustrative case
Authors: Kleyner Robert S. , Passman Justin N. , Chesler David A.
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

Chiari malformations type I are commonly encountered in pediatric patients. Posterior fossa decompression with or without duraplasty is recommended for patients with intractable symptoms, as well as those showing evidence of brainstem dysfunction.

OBSERVATIONS

In this report, the authors describe the case of a 19-year-old female who presented to the neurosurgery clinic with delayed synthetic dural graft breakdown as well as associated pseudomeningocele and intracranial hypotension. She underwent exploration and revision of her duraplasty, where a dural defect measuring 1.5 cm in diameter was observed. The defect was not contiguous with peripheral sutures. The defect was repaired with a pericranium autograft and reinforced with dural sealants. Her postoperative course was complicated by scalp dysesthesia.

LESSONS

To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case of a synthetic dural graft breakdown following posterior fossa decompression with duraplasty.

https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24715
Immunological characteristics of winter wheat collection samples and varieties of Myronovka selection for disease resistance
Authors:   The V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat NAAS of Ukraine, Murashko L. A. , Mukha T. I. ,   The V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat NAAS of Ukraine, Gumeniuk O. V. ,   The V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat NAAS of Ukraine, Suddenko Yu. V. ,   The V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat NAAS of Ukraine, Novytska N. V. ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Pylypenko V. S. ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Published: February 2025

Topicality. The most radical, promising, environmentally friendly and cost-effective way to improve the integrated winter wheat protection system is breeding varieties resistant to pests and pathogens This approach allows us to minimise yield losses from pests and reduce energy consumption by 25–30 % without additional costs. Purpose. To study the resistance of winter wheat varieties of Myronivka selection to diseases using artificial infectious backgrounds of their causative agents. Methods. The research was conducted in 2016–2020 by artificial inoculation with pathogens in field infectious nurseries of the Plant Protection Department of the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of NAAS in the northern part of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The assessment of the winter wheat resistance to pathogens was carried out in dynamics (the growth of the disease). The main assessment was considered to be during the period of maximum disease development: for powdery mildew, Septoria leaf spot in flowering stage of winter wheat, Fusarium head blight, brown rust in milky ripeness stage, head smut in milky-wax ripeness stage, Cercosporella foot rot in waxy ripeness stage. Results. On average, over the years of research, the varieties resistant to powdery mildew were: Myronivska zolotoverkha, Kalynova, Myronivska storichna, Hospodynia Myronivska, MIP Valensiia, MIP Vyshyvanka; to brown rust - Pamiati Remesla, Trudivnytsia Myronivska, MIP Kniazhna, Hratsia Myronivska, Vezha Myronivska; to Septoria disease - Dostatok, Madiarka, Mirkhad, Berehynia Myronivska, Horlytsia Myronivska, Lehenda Myronivska. Conclusions. Among the 86 varieties of the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat, Yasnohirka, Ekspromt, Dostatok, Madiarka, Berehynia Myronivska, Horlytsia Myronivska, Lehenda Myronivska, MIP Valensiia, MIP Dniprianka, Vezha
Myronivska and Etafeta Myronivska showed group resistance to the main pathogens.
Key words: winter wheat, variety, artificial infection background, head smut, Fusarium head blight, root rots, powdery mildew, brown rust, Septoria leaf spot, group resistance