bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Timbral Innovations in Heinz Holliger’s Choral Music: from Dona nobis pacem to Die Jahreszeiten
Authors:   Gnesins’ Russian Academy of Music, Ryzhinsky Alexander S.
Published: November 2022

The article is devoted to the three most famous works for chorus by contemporary Swiss composer Heinz Holliger (b. 1939) composed during the course of ten years – from 1969 to 1979. Departing from the field of experiments in the field of vocal articulation of the representatives of the post-war avant-garde, Holliger was able to enrich to a considerable degree the timbral element of vocal composition with new performance techniques. The latter include singing through inhalation, singing with emptied lungs, voiced exhalation, etc. The systematization of Holliger’s timbral techniques presented by the author of this article sets as its goal the continuity between Holliger’s choral works and those by his older colleagues. While the analysis of Dona nobis pacem demonstrates the development of the techniques of phonemic composition which are present in the works of Mauricio Kagel, Luciano Berio and Gyӧrgy Ligeti, in Psalm and in the cycle Die Jahreszeiten Holliger generates new methods of vocal articulation, which were later reflected in the works of not only his younger, but also his older contemporaries. The main accentuation in this article is placed by the study of the cycle Die Jahreszeiten – Holliger’s largest and most significant choral composition. Analyzing the timbral and textural structure of the pieces comprising the cycle, the author arrives at the conclusion about the composer’s wish to approach the reflection of the automatized “impersonal” writing of Scardanelli (which was Hölderlin’s pseudonym in the late period of his poetical creativity, when he was suffering from mental affliction) by means of his compositional resources. The phenomena of the soundless word and fragmented statement of the musical material bring a number of pieces from Holliger’s cycle closer to the identical musical discoveries by Luigi Nono in his works from the 1950s and 1960s, as well as in his late works composed from the influence of reading Hölderlin-Scardanelli’s poetic works. Thereby, the study of Holliger’s musical compositions makes it possible for us to examine the Swiss composer’s choral works not only as an organic continuation of his colleagues’ experiments, but also as a genuine culmination in the development of Western European choral writing in the 1970s manifested in the greatest amount of enrichment of the timbral side of modern choral composition.
Synthesis, Structures and Characterization of a Novel Schiff Base Ligand and their Three Homotrinuclear Metal Complexes and study bioactivity them
Authors: Abdullah Abdul-Hfeedh. A. , Mukred Rasel. A. A. , Alarique Hakim. Q. N. , Jamil Yasmin M. S. , Almoneafy Abdulwareth A. , Alssagheir Abdu. K.
Published: November 2022

A novel N-isopropylidine hydrazinedithiocarbamate Schiff base [(CH3)2C=Hy-dtc] was used as stabilizer ligand for three homotrinuclear metal complexes prepared by condensation of ammonium hydrazinedithiocarbamate and acetone and to use them into in-situ reactions with metal chloride salts (M) in 3 : 2 molar ratio [M :L] in ethanol solution to yield Schiff base homotrinuclear metal complexes of the general formula is {M3[(CH3)2C=Hy-dtc]2(Cl)2(H2O)2} where M refers to Co(II) (1), Ni(II) (2) and Cu(II) (3). The structures of the metal complexes were characterized using elemental analysis, molar conductivity, FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility measurements as well as MM2 theoretical calculations. The FT-IR spectra data suggest the Schiff base acts as a tetradentate attachment.  Results confirmed that configuration around the central metal ion is the square planer  and configuration around the two terminal metal ions distorted tetrahedral and their ammonium hydrazinedithiocarbamate ligand and Schiff base metal complexes showed different levels of in vitro inhibition activity against two bacterial species they Staphylococcus aureus (G+) and Escherichia coli (G-).

Keywords: Novel Schiff Base; Spectral, Magnetic, Antimicrobial Activities and 3D Molecular Modeling.

 

الملخص

            استعملت قاعدة شيف الجديدة n-ايزوبروبليدين هيدرازين ثنائي ثايوكارباميت [(CH3)2C=Hy-dtc] لاستقرار المعقدات الفلزية ثلاثية النوى المتجانسة التي حضرت بالتفاعل موضعيا و ذلك بتكاثف الاسيتون و الهيدرازين ثنائي ثايوكارباميت مع كلوريد الفلزات (M) و بنسبة مولية 2:3 (فلز : ليجاند) في محلول الايثانول لإنتاج معقدات قواعد شيف الفلزية ثلاثية النوى و التي تحمل الصيغة العامة  {M3[(CH3)2C=Hy-dtc]2(Cl)2(H2O)2}  حيث تمثل M ايونات الكوبلت (II) او النيكل (II) او النحاس (II). تراكيب المعقدات الفلزية لقاعدة شيف تم تشخيصها عن طرق التحليل الدقيق للعناصر والتوصيلية المولارية الكهربائية واطياف الاشعة تحت الحمراء والاطياف الالكترونية والحساسية المغناطيسية بالإضافة الى استخدام برنامج MM2 لحساب اطوال الروابط والزوايا. تشير قياسات طيف الأشعة تحت الحمراء إلى أن قاعدة شيف الجديدة تكون رباعية السن، كما تؤكد النتائج ان الترتيب حول ايون الفلز الوسطي مربع مستوى والترتيب حول ايوني الفلز في الاطراف رباعي سطوح مشوه، كذلك أظهر ليجاند امونيوم هيدرازين ثنائي ثايوكارباميت ومعقدات قواعد شيف الفلزية مستويات مختلفة من النشاط التثبيطي ضد نوعين من البكتيريا الموجبة (+G) للجرام (Staphylococcus aureus) والسالبة (-G) للجرام (Escherichia coli).
Green Synthesisof Silver Nanoparticles Using the Extraction of some Plants Leaves
Authors: Al-Jawani Ashwag Al-Majrabi & Sadeg Al-Jabha & Hanan , Al-samawey Bakeel Radman  &  Manal Al-jawani &  Asam , F.Yehya A. Altweel &
Published: November 2022

We have applied a  green method for preparing silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using the extractof Ficus carica and SolanumIncanumLeaves. These extraction of plants  leaves keptin an aqueous solution and used as a reducing agent and surfactant in the reaction. The structure and size of Ag nanoparticles are studied usingXRD spectrums while anoptical properties studied byUV-VISB spectrophotometer.  The results showed that,the average grain size is in the range of 15-21nm usingDebye- Scherer equation and 25-27nm  using Hall-Williamson equation.In addition,we applied this study  to investigate the antimicrobial activity of Ag NPs synthesized using Ficuscarica L (FCL) extract.The  obtained results are compared for both  positive gram Escherichia coli  (E. coli) and negative gram Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria.Finally,  we have compared  the antimicrobial activity  of  Silver nanoparticles   with some antibiotic.
Synthesis of Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) Nanoparticles using participation method .
Authors: Al-Sanna Hashem
Published: November 2022

CdSnanoparticles were successfully synthesizedusing participation method. CdS powder was prepared by the chemical precipitation technique using Cd, HCl and H2S.. The XRD measurements showed that the obtained grain size is around 3.25nm. in addition , we have studied the optical properties of synthesisedCdSnanoparticles   using a UV-VISB spectrophotometer.
موقف الشيخ العمريطي في آرائه ومصطلحاته النحوية بين مدرستي البصرة والكوفة في الدرة البهية نظم الأجرومية
Authors: Tamim Mulloh
Published: November 2022

Abstract: As for the research problem, what follows is the disclosure of the characteristics of the Basra and Kufa schools, and the position of Sheikh Al-Amriti in his views and grammatical terms between these two schools in Al-Durrah Al-Bahia, the criminal systems. This is Qualitative research because it collects data from words, not numbers. And its data is qualitative data. And the research entry made by the researcher, the descriptive method (Documenter method), which is describing the linguistic aspects without trying to find the causes and causes. That is, it is limited to displaying the linguistic use of a particular group at a specific time and place. It contains an attempt to photograph, record, analyze and interpret the conditions.

And the results of the research are the characteristics of the Basra and Kufa schools that are equal between them and violate the criterion for accepting martyrdom and grammatical protest. The position of Sheikh Al-Amriti in his opinions and grammatical terminology in his book "Al-Durrah Al-Bahia Al-Ajarmiya Systems" indicates that he depends and turns on the schools of Basra and Kufa and taken basra more than the visual in relation to kufa.

الكلمة الأساسية: البصرة، الكوفة، موقف الشيخ العمريطي
تحليل الإستعارة في كتاب الضياء اللامع
Authors: Rahmat Linur  , Ria Rafita Supriani
Published: November 2022

Abstract: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis uslub isti’arah yang berada didalam kitab nidzham ad dhiya’ al lami’ , adapun metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu metode penelitian kualitatif karena berkaitan dengan kalimat atau tanda, dan untuk pengumpulan datanya menggunakan metode library recearch (Kajian perpustakaan) dan kajian penelitian ini menganalisis data kajian balaghah.

Hasil dari penelitian maka ditemukan beberapa jenis isti’arah yang terdapat dalam nadzam ad dhiya al lami’ , di antaranya : Isti’arah tashrihiyyah ashliyyah delapan belas bait, dan isti’arah tashrihiyyah tabi’iyyah ada sepuluh bait, isti’arah makniyyah ashliyyah ada tiga bait dan isti’arah tamtsiyyah sebayak dua bait.

مستخلص البحث: يهدف هذا البحث لدراسة أسلوب الإستعارة وتحليله في كتاب نظام الضياء اللامع. والطرق المستخدمة في هذا البحث هي طريقة البحث الكيفي لأنه يتعلق بجملة أو علامة، وطريقة جمع البيانات هي طريقة البحث المكتبي والبحث التحليلي عن البلاغة.

أما نتيجة البحث هي تحليل الإستعارة في نظام الضياء اللامع له أنواع كثيرة منها استعارة تصريحية أصلية18 فقرة، واستعارة تصريحية تابعية 10 فقرة، واستعارة معنوية أصلية 13 فقرة، واستعارة تمثيلية فقرتان.

الكلمات المفتاحية: تحليل، استعارة، الضياء اللامع
MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB BERBASIS INTERNET
Authors: Ihdatul Hidayah  , Novi Kusumaningrum
Published: November 2022

Abstract: This study aims to explain how internet-based Arabic learning models can be used in the learning process and how to use it. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research method that is used to investigate, find, describe and explain a phenomenon. The results showed that there are several Arabic learning models that can be used in the world of education, namely, e-learning learning models with Moodle, Edmodo and Google Classroom. The results show that the features provided by Moodle are more complete than Edmodo and Google Classroom. However, the management and creation of Moodle requires administrators who are experts in their fields.

Keywords: Models, Arabic Learning, Moodle, Edmodo, Google Classroom

 

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana model-model pembelajaran bahasa arab berbasis internet yang bisa digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran serta cara menggunakannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang digunakan untuk menyelidiki, menemukan, mendeskripsikan dan menjelaskan suatu fenomena. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada beberapa model pembelajaran bahasa Arab yang bisa digunakan dalam dunia pendidikan, yaitu, model pembelajaran e-learning dengan Moodle, Edmodo dan Google Classroom. Dengan hasil menunjukkan bahwa fitur yang disediakan Moodle lebih lengkap dibandingkan Edmodo dan Google Classroom. Akan tetapi management dan pembuatan Moodle membutuhkan administrator yang ahli dibidangnya.

Kata Kunci: Model, Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab, Moodle, Edmodo, Google Classroom
زمن الفعل في اللغة العربية
Authors: Erlina  , Isra Hayati Darman
Published: November 2022

مستخلص البحث: يهدف هذا البحث إلى وصف زمن الفعل في اللغة العربية ويعين  أقسام وأمثال زمن الفعل في القران الكريم وتفسيره. والمنهج المستخدم في هذا البحث هو المنهج الوصفي الكيفي. ونتائج هذا البحث ظهرت أن عدد زمن الفعل في اللغة العربية ستة عشر أقسام وهو تسعة زمن الماضي وثلاثة زمن الحال وأربعة زمن المستقبل. ثم يوجد زمن الماضى بمعنى مضارع وزمن المضارع بمعنى ماضى. زمن الماضى البعيد المنقطع مثله في سورة الانعام:35، زمن الماضى القريب المنقطع مثله في سورة ال عمران:40، زمن الماضى المتجدد مثله في سورة البقرة:61،وما الى ذلك.

الكلمات المفتاحية: زمن الفعل،اللغة العربية، القرآن الكريم

 

Abstract: penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan zaman fiil (verb tenses) dalam bahasa Arab beserta penjelasannya. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah zaman fiil dalam bahasa Arab ada 16 bentuk, yaitu 9 untuk zaman madhi (past), 3 untuk zaman haal (present), and 4 for zaman mustaqbaal (future). Selain itu, zaman madhi (past tense) juga bisa menunjukkan mudhari’ (present) dan begitu juga sebaliknya. Bentuk dari zaman madhi ba’id munqathi’ contohnya ada dalam QS. Al-an‘am: 35, zaman madhi qarib munqathi’ ditunjukkan dalam QS. Ali Imran: 40, zaman madhi mutajaddid ada didalam QS. Al-Baqarah: 61, dan sebagaimana yang tertulis dalam hasil penelitian pada tulisan ini.
ظاهرة الترادف في تفسير الكشاف
Authors: Aulia Fitri  , Zulpina
Published: November 2022

Abstract : penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan fenomena taraduf dalam al-Quran dan menganalsis makna-makna ayat- ayat taraduf dalam al Quran menurut az-Zamaksyari, Adapun metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu metode penelitian kualitatif yang berkaitan dengan kalimat dan kosakata, untuk pengumpulan datanya menggunakan metode library research (kajian perpustakaan) dan kajian penelitian ini menganalisis kata sinonim dalam tafsir al-kasyaf karangan zamaksyari.Hasil penelitian maka ditemukan beberapa kata taraduf yang arti sama tetapi penggunaan berbeda, diantaranya farra dan haraba, ataa dan jaa, ataa dan atho, bada, jismi dan jasad, bithanah dan waliijah, khudua dan khusuk, kamaal dan tamaam, khauf dan khosyah, thilawah dan qiraah.مستخلص البحث: يهدف هذا البحث للكشف عن ظاهرة الترادف في القرآن الكريم و تحليل معانى الآيات المترادفات في القرآن عند الزمخشرى في تفسير الكشاف .أما الطرق المستعملة في هذا البحث هي طريقة البحث الكيفي لأنه يتعلق بجملة والمفردات. وطريقة جمع البيانات هي طريقة البحث المكتبي والبحث التحليلي عن الترادف في تفسبر الكشاف. أما نتيحة البحث هي تحليل الترادف سواء معاني و إختلاف المستخدمة منها: فرّ وهرب , أتى و جاء، أتى و أعطى, بدن و جسد وجسم، بطانة ووليجة, الخضوع والخشوع، (الكمال والتمام, الخوف والخشية, التلاوة والقراءةالكلمات المفتاحية: ظاهرة و الترادف و تفسير الكشاف
Playing What Would You Do (WWYD) and Vocabulary-Drill: Its influence on Students’ Speaking Skills
Authors: Hartono Sigit , Nurbianta Nurbianta
Published: November 2022

English teaching is the main key to support the success of world interaction. The success in mastering English facilitates togetherness among people around the globe. Therefore freedom is needed in learning and understanding language as a whole. The teacher can use some methods in teaching and learning process to help the students’ understanding. In this research, the researcher practiced a game which is named What Would You Do (WWYD). This research problems were; (1) is there any influence of WWYD game to the students’ speaking skill at second semester of STIT Muhammadiyah, Tanjung Redeb?, (2) Is there any influence of drilling vocabulary to the students’ speaking skill at second semester of STIT Muhammadiyah, Tanjung Redeb?, and (3) Is there any influence of WWYD game and drilling vocabulary simultaneously to the students’ speaking skill at second semester of STIT Muhammadiyah Tanjung Redeb?. The method of this research is partial correlation method, specifically to find out whether WWYD game (i.e. independent variable/X1) and Drilling vocabularies (i.e. control variable/X2) have correlation to the students’ speaking skill (i.e. dependent variable/Y). In the end of this research shown that WWYD game and drilling vocabulary can facilitate and help the students getting a confident in speaking about their opinion in English, and the statistic value performed in level good correlation between WWYD game used to the students’ speaking skill during conducted for second semester at STIT Muhammadiyah Tanjung Redeb.
Upgrading Speaking Ability Through Peer Teaching Technique
Authors: Gunawan Hendri , Nurbianta Nurbianta
Published: November 2022

This research focus in eighth grade is VIII A and VIII B. the researcher used Peer teaching technique to prove that students taught to use Peer teaching technique better and positively affect students' speaking ability than students taught by using Ordinary way in the eighth grade at SMP 1 Teluk Bayur, the specifics problems discussed in the following formulated questions; (1) What is the students’ performance of pretest and posttest between control   and experimental groups?, (2) Is there any significant difference between pretest and posttest performance of the control and experimental groups? This research used Experimental method. This research was conducted from February 22th 2019 to 25th March 2019 in second grade at SMPN 1 Teluk Bayur. The research using Peer teaching technique to improve students’ speaking ability. The Instrument’s research is test, in the test there are Pre-test, treatment and Post-test. Data analysis was scoring, normality, homogeneity, finding mean, and demonstrated T-Test.
GRAMMATICAL ERRORS IN INDONESIAN-ACEHNESE EFL LEARNERS’ DESCRIPTIVE ESSAYS
Authors: Zulfikar Zulfikar
Published: November 2022

This study was carried out to analyze the types and the sources of grammatical errors encountered in Acehnese EFL learners’ essays. It focused on finding out the most dominant type of errors and the most plausible explanation for the source of errors the students made in their writing. Twenty (20) learner’s essays were collected to be analyzed by referring to Azar’s error classification as well as Richard’s theory on learners’ sources of the errors. The results showed that the most frequent type of errors in the learners’ essays were incomplete sentences and verb tenses, making up more than a third (36.7%) of the total 392 errors. The findings also showed intralingual errors are the major causes of the learners’ grammatical errors, followed by interference errors and developmental errors respectively. The findings suggest that in teaching essay writing, teachers of Indonesian-Acehnese EFL learners need to adopt and devise more appropriate techniques in both grammar and writing instructions, focusing on complete sentence structure and tenses in order to minimize the possible errors made by the learners in their writing.
THE ATTITUDE OF ROHINGYA TEENAGERS TOWARDS THEIR LANGUAGE
Authors: Lonni Nur Iffah Nasution Lonni Nur Iffah Nasution
Published: November 2022

This study deals with language attitude of Rohingya teenagers toward their ethnic language in Medan. A qualitative descriptive research design was applied. The aim of the study is to know the attitudes of Rohingya teenagers towards their ethnic language. The subject of this research are eighteen of the Rohingya teenagers at the age 15-21 years old. The instruments used for this study were observation and interview. The data was analyzed by using interactive models of Miles & Huberman (1984) technique. Based on the data analysis, it was found that Rohingya teenagers realized their language attitude in three ways, i.e: they use Rohingya language at home, they use Rohingya language at religion domain and they use Rohingya language in friendship domain. It was also found that the attitudes of the Rohingya teenagers caused by some reason, i.e: because they are loyal and maintain the Rohingya language, because they are proud and make the Rohingya language as their identity, and because they have awareness of language norms towards Rohingya language.
UTILIZING PODCAST TO IMPROVE INFORMATICS MANAGEMENT STUDENTS’ LISTENING COMPREHENSION AND PARTICIPATION AT AMIK MITRA GAMA
Authors: Eka Melati Eka Melati , Sari Yessi Ratna , Siregar Syamsiah Depalina
Published: November 2022

Technology of podcasting becomes a popular teaching media in education nowadays. It gives the students opportunity to study anytime and anywhere. It is flexible, dynamics and powerful to improve students listening comprehension. It gives new challenge in the context of language learning especially listening that as first skill of language acquisition. This was a classroom action research study. It aims at identifying the listening improvement of third semester students of Informatics Management at AMIK Mitra Gama academic year 2019/2020 by using podcasts. The participants  were 24 students(3 MMI class). Finding of this study showed that utilizing podcast can improve not only student’s listening comprehension achievement (66.96% in fisrt cycle to 68,29% in second cycle) but also student’s participation (46,67% in cycle 1 to 56,67% in cycle 2). In sum, podcasts can be an attractive media in teaching listening at AMIK Mitra Gama.
THE ANALYSIS OF EFL COLLEGE STUDENTS PERSPECTIVE ON ONLINE LANGUAGE LEARNING DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Hasibuan Sri Wahyuni
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study is to find out students’ perspective on online language learning during the COVID-19 pandemic and to provide the reasons why their perspective in the way they. The study uses qualitative descriptive research. The subject of this research was 25 English Education Department students of STAIN Mandailing Natal. The data is taken from questionnaire that consists of 15 questions with 4-level Likert Scale, labelled by strongly disagree, disagree, agree, and strongly agree to find out students perspective on online language learning and from interview sheets.. The result of this research is EFL College students have negative perspective on online language learning during Covid-19 pandemic. The reasons why they have negative perspective were they have so many obstacle during online class, the understanding of material is also weak, the English improvement isn’t significantly increase and they are don’t agree that online class should be continued to be carried out.
DESIGNING AUTHENTIC ASSESSMENT MODEL FOR WRITING SKILL AT JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Sahyoni Sahyoni
Published: November 2022

Assessing writing is one of the difficulties most English teachers face. Compared to other English skills, writing is generally regarded as the most complicated skill. The media for assessing writing should preferably cover several principles to face this challenge, one of which is authenticity. Authentic assessment is a form of assessment that connects learners to actual life and promotes the fair exploration of three domains.  The main objective of this research is to design authentic assessment model for assessing writing skill at junior high school students. This research utilized Research and Development approach which carried out the first years students of Islamic Junior High school (MTsN) Batusangkar and two English teachers as participants. In gaining data, researcher used questionnaire and structured interview. The questionnaire consisted of 30 question related to the authentic assessment. In order to dig deep data related to writing assessment for junior high school students, researchers used unstructured questions. The finding revealed that the personal report is ideally an effective authentic evaluation model for assessing students' writing skills, especially for junior high school students.
Resilience in Online Learning: A Case Study for Language Learners
Authors: Fatin Nadifa Tarigan
Published: November 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has changed the world especially the education sector requiring the  educators and students to carry out online/virtual home learning activities. The students with various assignments given by lecturers are required to be able to survive in difficult conditions started from  must be able to survive in all pressures, tasks, and various problems experienced during online/virtual learning, must be able to demonstrate good academic resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic till must be able to survive in various conditions and in a state of covid-19. This study used descriptive qualitative research method with research subjects were the students in the English Education Study Program in Universitas Pembinaan Masyarakat Indonesia batch 2020/2021. The results showed that the academic resilience of students was in the high category with a percentage of 63% and in the medium category by 37%. It indicates that during the Covid-19 pandemic, students were able to survive in these conditions and were able to get out of the academic problems they experienced and were able to get out of the academic pressures that existed during the virtual or online teaching and learning process.
Bioefficacy of Organic Acids against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. and Sacc., Causal Organism of Mango (Mangifera indica L. cv. “Carabao”) Anthracnose
Authors: Yanos Rhea , Hernandez Hidelisa , Sabularse Veronica , Dalisay Teresita
Published: November 2022

Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. and Sacc. is considered as the most serious and the most important field and postharvest disease of mango fruits. In this study, the bioefficacy of some organic acids against the pathogen isolated from mango is reported. Formic acid, acetic acid, benzoic acid (BA), salicylic acid (SA), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (p-HBA), and m-hydroxybenzoic acid (m-HBA)showed activity against C. gloeosporioides. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the organic acids was 40 mM for acetic acid and formic acid, and 70 mM for BA, SA, m-HBA, and p-HBA. The minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) was found to be the same as the MIC. The acids showed a significant inhibitory effect on conidial germination over the 72-h incubation period. Azoxystrobin (Amistar®), at its recommended dosage, delayed the onset of germination but its effect eventually diminished after 24 h. The results of this study indicate that organic acids can be used as an alternative control strategy for mango anthracnose and these acids were more effective than Amistar® when applied at the MIC. These organic acids are also safer and generally regarded as safe (GRAS) compounds.
Facilitators and Barriers to the Implementation of Selected Local Tuberculosis Control Programs in the Province of Laguna, Philippines
Authors: Antonio Carl Abelardo , Guevarra Jonathan , Medina Paolo Victor , Roxas Evalyn , Cavinta Lolita , Manalo Jorel , Ortega Dorothy Jean , Cengca Ma. Rhenea Anne , Lota Rosario Clarissa Marie , Geocaniga-Gaviola Donna Mae , Garfin Anna Marie Celina
Published: November 2022

This paper aimed to determine the facilitating and hindering factors in the implementation of local tuberculosis (TB) control programs in two purposively selected localities in the Province of Laguna, Philippines. Transcripts of semi-structured interviews with six policymakers and program implementers at the regional, provincial, and city/municipal levels were qualitatively analyzed in accordance with the method of Miles and co-authors and validated through triangulation and informant/stakeholder feedback. Identified facilitating factors include 1) allocation and mobilization of human, material, and financial resources to support the implementation of program activities; 2) supervision and monitoring of program implementation; 3) formation and mobilization of partnerships with the other government agencies and the private sector; and 4) streamlining and improvement of existing processes and technologies. Hindering factors were: 1) mismatch in demand and supply for program-related resources; 2) variation in the diagnostic and treatment strategies employed by providers; 3) focus on service provision and reduced attention to activities focused on more upstream factors; and 4) external program drivers. In a decentralized healthcare setting such as the Philippines, local governments play an important role in implementing health programs designed to achieve national and even global health goals. Program managers and implementers will need to design strategies to leverage the identified facilitating factors and mitigate the effects, if not totally prevent the emergence, of hindering factors to implementation of the local TB prevention and control program.
Yield, Proximate Composition, and Phytochemical Screening of “Lagikway,” Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik.
Authors: Maghirang Rodel , Oraye Claudette , Mateo John Marty
Published: November 2022

“Lagikway” is an underutilized vegetable in the Philippines. One of the reasons for its low utilization is the lack of information in terms of production and nutritional quality under Philippine conditions. Hence, yield trial and nutritional quality evaluation were conducted from June 2017 to February 2018 involving three lagikway entries – including RXII 13-003, RXII 13- 019, and Lag 152649. The effect of blanching on the phytochemicals of leaves for consumption was also determined. Lagikway rooted cuttings were transplanted in 5 m x 1 m plots with 50 cm x 50 cm distance, and the experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Young leaves and shoots considered for consumption were harvested 1 mo after transplanting (MAT) and continued at 2-wk intervals. Data revealed that potential yield is at 24.5 tons/ha for RXII 13-003, 21.36 tons/ha for RXII 13-019, and 21.94 tons/ha for Lag 152649. For proximate analysis, the moisture content is highest in RXII 13-019, the fat content is highest in RXII 13-003, and the protein content and the nitrogen-free extract are highest in Lag 152649. Ash and fiber content were the same from all the three lagikway accessions. Significant differences were also observed on the different lagikway accessions in terms of phytochemicals and antioxidant activity, and blanching had greatly affected these parameters. Lag 152649 had the highest phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, and radical scavenging activity (RSA). Hence, Lag 152649 will be recommended for mass propagation and distribution, which will eventually lead to further promotion and utilization of this underutilized vegetable.
Catalog of the Genus Glenea Newman, 1842 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Saperdini) with Key to the Sub-genera in the Philippines
Authors: Medina Milton Norman , Cabras Analyn , Torrejos Chrestine , Pepito Mark John , Barsevskis Arvids , Mantilla Leslae Kay Cataytay , Vitali Francesco
Published: November 2022

A comprehensive and updated catalog of the genus Glenea Newman, 1842 is presented with the key to the sub-genera for Philippine species. The genus counts 87 species (77 species and 10 subspecies), ranged in seven subgenera. Glenea caraga invittaticollis Breuning, 1966 rest. status = Glenea caraga subvittaticolis Breuning, 1968 n. syn. (un. repl. nom).
A Study on Problems Faced by Female Child Labor in Unorganized Sector of Palladam Taluk in Tirupur District
Authors: Chellikumar J.A.Arul , Paramasivam P.
Published: November 2022

Child labor in India is to be found in almost every sector of the informal economy. Despite India´s fast economic growth since the 1990s, many challenges remain for youth at risk, particularly the girl child. The Indian Girl Child who faces gender discrimination on various levels. Due to her lower status in the society, a girl child laborer is even more deprived. Child labor is still a prevalent issue in India. Gender is a crucial determinant of whether a child engages in labour. While child labour is an infringement of the rights of all children boys and girls alike girls often start working at an earlier age than boys, Girls also tend to do more work in the home than boys. Hence, this study focused on what are the problems faced by female child labor and their socio- economic conditions in Palldam taluk of Tirupur District of Tamilnadu.
From Well-Heeled to Tip-Toed, Shoe-Shine to Shoe-Lace: Monopolistic Competition and Product Differentiation in Men's Footwear
Authors: Kumar Vishal , Deodhar Satish
Published: November 2022

For many decades, the only branded footwear Indians knew was Bata. After years of economic liberalization; however, one finds many local, national, and international firms jostling for customer attention by producing various types of branded footwear. In fact, India has now emerged as the second largest producer of footwear in the world. The Indian footwear market can be described today as a stylized case of a monopolistically competitive market. In this study, we focus our attention on men’s formal shoes which are differentiated by variations in many attributes such as heel, toes, colour, surface, laces, buckles and brands. Invoking hedonic price analysis and bid and offer curves of the customers and firms respectively, shoe prices are viewed as the sum total of the valuation of each of these attributes. The relative valuation is estimated by regressing market prices of shoes on its binary variable attributes. Analysis shows that shoes made of leather, shiny surface, buckles, laces, and brands carry a premium; and, differentiation based on colour, pointed toes, high heels, and texture is not important. In a highly competitive market, such data driven studies can provide pointers to firms in altering existing shoe models and successfully launching newer ones.
Editorial
Authors: Acosta Mirian
Published: November 2022

Los artículos de este número de la Revista Educación Superior, órgano de divulgación científica de la UAPA, son de gran interés para los académicos del país. De los trabajos que incluye este número se puede concluir sobre la gran importancia que tienen en los sistemas educativos del mundo los cambios científicos y tecnológicos que se han producido en los últimos tiempos y sobre todo la revolución de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, dando por resultado el nuevo orden que habla Jordán y la creciente preocupación por ofrecer a la población una educación de calidad adecuada a las nuevas relaciones económicas, políticas y sociales que ese nuevo orden produce.
Cuatro Pilares de la Educación
Authors: Tomado de:  La Educación es un Tesoro. Presidida por Jacques Delors
Published: November 2022

El siglo XXI, que ofrecerá recursos sin precedentes tanto a la circulación y al almacenamiento de informaciones como a la comunicación, planteará a la educación una doble exigencia que, a primera vista, puede parecer casi contradictoria: la educación deberá transmitir, masiva y eficazmente, un volumen cada vez mayor de conocimientos teóricos y técnicos evolutivos, adaptados a la civilización cognitiva, porque son las bases de las competencias del futuro.
programas de postgrados y la formación del recurso humano en América Latina y el Caribe
Authors: Francisco Gregoria Milady
Published: November 2022

Esta investigación identifica los aportes que han hecho las instituciones de educación superior a través de los programas de postgrados en la formación de los recursos humanos. Las reformas educativas reclaman urgente respuesta y es el momento de abordar los postgrados y la investigación para el desarrollo educativo. ¿Pueden las instituciones de Educación Superior a través de los programas de Postgrados, ser una respuesta para la innovación y actualización; clave para la carrera docente y las distintas profesiones? A manera de hipótesis se podría plantear: Los estudios de Postgrado son en la actualidad un factor determinante en la formación del recurso humano competitivo, crítico, analítico y equilibrado para satisfacer las necesidades de docentes preparados al más alto nivel.
Rol de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en los procesos docentes en la República Dominicana
Authors: Hiraldo Trejo Reyna
Published: November 2022

Las tecnologías se han convertido en un elemento básico para la educación, se hace necesaria la formación docente en el uso de dichas tecnologías, con el objetivo de mejorar las prácticas pedagógicas. Para orientar este artículo se partirá de la hipótesis de que las TIC’s han venido a lograr una mejor práctica pedagógica, garantizando la democratización y el logro de la equidad en la educación. Este ensayo tiene como objetivos generales determinar el rol que juegan las TIC’s en los procesos docentes, al igual que conocer la función de estas en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizajes. La metodología utilizada para la realización de este artículo está centrada fundamentalmente en el análisis de las fuentes de referencias bibliográficas acerca del rol de las tecnologías de la 65 información y la comunicación en los procesos docentes en la Republica Dominicana.
Formación en valores éticos y morales
Authors: Rosa  Estrella Luz Mercedes
Published: November 2022

En la concepción de la problemática de los valores para la presente investigación se asume un enfoque socio-educativo, esto así porque es una temática que tiene que ver con el individuo en tanto integrante de un grupo y condicionado por el medio, que además vive procesos formativos dentro del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la educación formal.
Comprehensive analysis of the mechanism underlying plastic microbiome and plants interaction, with future perspectives
Authors: Khan Qaisar , Kashif Muhammad , Shah Jalil
Published: November 2022

Agriculture has a vital role in the life cycle of an economy. Phytopathogenic microorganisms negatively influence many crops, the economy, and the Environment worldwide. Beneficial plant microbiomes have the immense potential to provide cost-effective and maintainable solutions to existing agricultural challenges. The yield improvement can partly be credited to advanced plant pest and disease management, including better knowledge of phytopathogens and diverse control methods. Well-organized and balanced crop protection is of vast economic and ecological importance for food and feed production. A varied variety of goods made of plastics are utilized in farming which consists of poly-tunnels, plastic reservoirs, mulches, ropes, agrochemical cans, various nets, irrigation systems, packaging bags, nursery pots, anti-bird nets, greenhouses, and their components, wear and tear of these products are hosts of diverse microorganisms in agriculture. However, little investigation has been done to explore plastic microbes' diversity, survival strategies, and interaction mechanisms with plants. Several advanced approaches, including metagenomics, metabolomics, metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics, and culturomics, are currently available to scrutinize the multiplicity, composition, and functions of the microbiomes in soil and plant habitats such as rhizosphere, phyllosphere, and endosphere. This review highlights the increasing use of plastic, plastic microbiomes, subsequent challenges, and future perspectives in agriculture. It emphasizes using advanced molecular tools and techniques to explore the microbiome diversity and the mechanism of plant-microbe interaction. The analyzed knowledge gaps in the host-pathogen relationship research area will help to redraft better research approaches based on economic thresholds.
Recomendaciones iniciales para el manejo de los eventos adversos más frecuentes de la inmunoterapia en el tratamiento del cáncer
Authors: Arén Osvaldo , Kowalyszyn Rubén , Guaygua Loayza Gabriela , Ubillos Luis , Rojas Carlos , Andersen Amada , Burotto Mauricio
Published: November 2022

En los últimos ocho años, la inmunoterapia ha pasado a formar parte del arsenal terapéutico del tratamiento oncológico. Todos los pacientes tratados con inmunoterapia pueden presentar algún tipo de evento adverso inmuno-relacionado, que puede poner en riesgo vital al paciente si no son manejados adecuadamente.

Los eventos adversos pueden afectar cualquier órgano, y presentarse desde las primeras semanas, meses o ya finalizado el tratamiento.

Con el propósito de colaborar con el manejo de dichos eventos se realiza la siguiente guía rápida.
The Nexus between External Debt and Growth Convergence: Evidence from Asian Countries
Authors: Thai Le Hong , Lan Trinh Thi Phan
Published: November 2022

This paper aims to investigate the relationship between growth and external debt in selected Asian economies during the period from 2000 to 2019. To this aim, panel data collected from the World Development Indicators (WDI) of the World Bank are analyzed by the conditional beta convergence framework. Three indicators of external debt (namely total debt service, debt stock and public and publicly guaranteed debt service) are incorporated in the model regressing the average growth rate of income on the natural logarithm of the initial level of GDP per capita. Results of the fixed effect estimations show an inverse relationship between external debt ratios and economic growth. The role of external debt in the convergence process is further examined by including debt interaction terms in the conditional convergence model. We found that a higher debt service level is associated with a higher rate of convergence. These findings reveal that over the past two decades the economic convergence among Asian countries has been much debt-led. Our findings inform policymakers of the effectiveness of government borrowings as a source for economic growth.
GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE AND MACROECONOMIC STABILITY CONUNDRUM IN ZIMBABWE
Authors: Maduku Harris , Mazorodze Brian
Published: November 2022

The objective of this paper was to explore the effect of government expenditure growth on macroeconomic stability in Zimbabwe. Public expenditure has grown over time but as per a priori expectations, other macroeconomic variables have not been forth coming. What the country has actually experienced is prolonged macroeconomic instability. The paper contributes to the body of literature in two ways, by creating a macroeconomic instability index and by being the first in the Zimbabwean context to explore this conundrum. To achieve the main objective of the paper, the study used a cointegrated vector error correction model and Granger causality with data spanning 1981 to 2019. We did not find a statistically significant relationship between government expenditure and macroeconomic stability as argued mostly by the Keynesians. However, as per apriori expectations the relationship was found rightly negative. To buttress the Cointegrated-VECM results, granger causality tests were also conducted where no causality was found from government spending to macroeconomic stability, and vice versa (causality running from instability to government spending). This paper recommends that, Zimbabwe’s policy makers may need to consider proactive government spending or policies since that helps the economy through successfully evading possible risks like macroeconomic instability. When policies are proactive rather than reactive, that helps through seizing untapped opportunities and the economy out rightly avoids consequences of reactive governance.
THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATION ACTIVITIES OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES
Authors: SHAPOVALOVA A.
Published: November 2022

The article is devoted to the problem of substantiating the theoretical and practical foundations for the development of innovation activities of Ukrainian small and medium-sized enterprises in the face of modern challenges. The study aims to develop conceptual provisions, substantiate the principles and conditions for the development of innovation activity, as well as develop scientific and methodological tools for identifying drivers and triggers for finding new opportunities. The methods of strategic analysis used in the study are: PEST-analysis to identify factors that influence the implementation of innovation activities; perspective analysis to search for and identify new opportunities for the development of innovation activities. The paper clarifies the known principles of the development of innovation activity by introducing the principle of wholeness into scolarly discourse. This principle lies in the consistency of produced innovations with rapidly changing market requirements, the demands of society and the trends in the development of the economic system. The study presents a five-factor model of flexibility of innovative behaviour of small and medium-sized enterprises which includes the following elements: communication flexibility; management flexibility; technology flexibility; economic and operational flexibility. The author justifies the essential concept of “funnel of development of enterprise’s innovation activity”, develops a scientific and methodological approach to conducting a strategic BOB analysis and carries out its approbation. The results revealed the drivers and triggers for the development of innovative activities of small and medium-sized enterprises which form the points of their growth. The analysis shows the barriers and brakes that constrain and prevent the transformation of new external opportunities into the internal potential of the enterprise’s innovation activity. The conducted research shows that generally conditions exist in the macro environment for new impulses of change and activation of innovative development. The results obtained present scientific and practical value for the development of small and medium-sized innovative enterprises. They can be used in further theoretical studies of innovative processes and for specification of applied measures to enhance innovation activity in the modern context of Ukrainian economy.
— Invited Review — Postmortem skeletal muscle metabolism of farm animals approached with metabolomics
Authors: Muroya Susumu
Published: November 2022

Skeletal muscle metabolism regulates homeostatic balance in animals. The metabolic impact persists even after farm animal skeletal muscle is converted to edible meat through postmortem rigor mortis and aging. Muscle metabolites resulting from animal growth and postmortem storage have a significant impact on meat quality, including flavor and color. Metabolomics studies of postmortem muscle aging have identified metabolisms that contain signatures inherent to muscle properties and the altered metabolites by physiological adaptation, with glycolysis as the pivotal metabolism in postmortem aging. Metabolomics has also played a role in mining relevant postmortem metabolisms and pathways, such as the citrate cycle and mitochondrial metabolism. This leads to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying the generation of key compounds that are associated with meat quality. Genetic background, feeding strategy, and muscle type primarily determine skeletal muscle properties in live animals and affect post-mortem muscle metabolism. With comprehensive metabolite detection, metabolomics is also beneficial for exploring biomarker candidates that could be useful to monitor meat production and predict the quality traits. The present review focuses on advances in farm animal muscle metabolomics, especially postmortem muscle metabolism associated with genetic factors and muscle type.