bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neural Network Approaches to Data Fusion Calculation and Correction in Wireless Sensor Network – A Case Study Comparison between BPN, RBFN and GRNN
Authors: Sung Wen-Tsai , Liu Yu-Feng
Published: September 2013

This paper explores the quality monitoring experiment by three existing neural network approaches to data fusion in wireless sensor module measurements. There are ten sensors deployed in a sensing area, the digital conversion and weight adjustment of the collected data need to be done. This method can improve the accuracy of the estimated data. In this study, the first neural network approach used to the correction of the sensed data is common Back Propagation Network (BPN). Although this approach leads to a quick convergence, the results are not the expectations and the training data output can't achieve a precise correction of the sensed data. The second approach is Radial Basis Function Network (RBFN), which can effectively achieve a correction of the sensed data and its training data output meets better the actual temperature measurements. The last approach is General Regression Neural Network (GRNN). GRNN and RBFN are both probabilistic neural networks. According to the experimental analysis of this study, GRNN can more accurately and quickly obtain the actual situation. The activity function of the nodes in hidden layers of GRNN adopts Gaussian function and thus GRNN has partial approximation ability. That's why GRNN can learn quickly. Besides, man-made adjustable parameter in GRNN only has one threshold so that the impact on the predicted results caused by man-made subjective assumptions can be avoided and the advantage of fast calculation can help network model be predicted more quickly.
Effect of Binder Type, Mastic, and Aggregate Type on the Low-Temperature Characteristics of Modified Hot Mix Asphalt
Authors: Mogawer Walaa S. , Austerman Alexander J. , Kim Sang-Soo
Published: September 2013

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of binder type, mastic, and aggregate type on the low-temperature cracking characteristics of asphalt mixtures. Six different performance grade (PG) binders were utilized for this study: PG64-28, PG64-28 with poly phosphoric acid, PG64-34 SBS, PG76-22 SBS, a terminal blend asphalt rubber, and PG64-28 with 2 % latex. Each binder was tested to determine its low-temperature cracking resistance using the asphalt binder cracking device (ABCD) and the Superpave tests. A Superpave 9.5 mm mixture was designed using each of the six binders for this study and two sources of aggregates (crushed stone and gravel). Each mixture was then tested for low-temperature cracking resistance using the asphalt concrete cracking device (ACCD). Mastics corresponding to each mixture were tested for low-temperature cracking resistance using the ABCD. Analysis of the results showed that the AASHTO critical cracking temperature had a strong correlation with the ABCD binder and mastics results, but did not correlate well with the mixture tests. Mastic testing generally did not correlate well with the mixture test results. ABCD and ACCD tests results indicated that they were sensitive to binder type, aging time, and aggregate types.
Implementation and Use of Feasibility Assessment of Biometric Locker System for Swimmers
Authors: Lay Yun-Long , Yang Hui-Jen , Lin Chern-Sheng , Tsai Chung-Ho
Published: September 2013

A locker is used for the temporary storage of goods. This study implements a biometric locker using fingerprint recognition as a means of secure access to the locker for swimmers. The system captures the fingerprint of the user and requires a fingerprint match to reopen the locker door, ensuring that only the renter can open the locker door to remove its contents. This system eliminates the need for a key and increases security with regard to swimmers’ belongings. Specifically, the implementation process and system recognition rate are examined in this study. Furthermore, an evaluation of use intention for lockers was used in this study for understanding the system’s feasibility. The results indicate that system security, system usability, service convenience, and personal satisfaction separately impact use intention.
3,5-di-iodothyronine stimulates tilapia growth through an alternate isoform of thyroid hormone receptor β1
Authors: Navarrete-Ramírez Pamela , Luna Maricela , Valverde-R Carlos , Orozco Aurea
Published: September 2013

Recent studies in our laboratory have shown that in some teleosts, 3,5-di-iodothyronine (T2 or 3,5-T2) is as bioactive as 3,5,3′-tri-iodothyronine (T3) and that its effects are in part mediated by a TRβ1 (THRB) isoform that contains a 9-amino acid insert in its ligand-binding domain (long TRβ1 (L-TRβ1)), whereas T3 binds preferentially to a short TRβ1 (S-TRβ1) isoform that lacks this insert. To further understand the functional relevance of T2 bioactivity and its mechanism of action, we used in vivo and ex vivo (organotypic liver cultures) approaches and analyzed whether T3 and T2 differentially regulate the S-TRβ1 and L-TRβ1s during a physiological demand such as growth. In vivo, T3 and T2 treatment induced body weight gain in tilapia. The expression of L-TRβ1 and S-TRβ1 was specifically regulated by T2 and T3 respectively both in vivo and ex vivo. The TR antagonist 1–850 effectively blocked thyroid hormone-dependent gene expression; however, T3 or T2 reversed 1–850 effects only on S-TRβ1 or L-TRβ1 expression, respectively. Together, our results support the notion that both T3 and T2 participate in the growth process; however, their effects are mediated by different, specific TRβ1 isoforms.
Cerebral Palsy and Growth Failure at 6 to 7 Years
Authors: Vohr Betty R. , Stephens Bonnie E. , McDonald Scott A. , Ehrenkranz Richard A. , Laptook Abbot R. , Pappas Athina , Hintz Susan R. , Shankaran Seetha , Higgins Rosemary D. , Das Abhik
Published: September 2013

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the association between severity of cerebral palsy (CP) and growth to 6 to 7 years of age among children with moderate to severe (Mod/Sev) hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). It was hypothesized that children with Mod/Sev CP would have poorer growth, lower cognitive scores, and increased rehospitalization rates compared with children with no CP (No CP).

METHODS:

Among 115 of 122 surviving children followed in the hypothermia trial for neonatal HIE, growth parameters and neurodevelopmental status at 18 to 22 months and 6 to 7 years were available. Group comparisons (Mod/Sev CP and No CP) with unadjusted and adjusted analyses for growth <10th percentile and z scores by using Fisher’s exact tests and regression modeling were conducted.

RESULTS:

Children with Mod/Sev CP had high rates of slow growth and cognitive and motor impairment and rehospitalizations at 18 to 22 months and 6 to 7 years. At 6 to 7 years of age, children with Mod/Sev CP had increased rates of growth parameters <10th percentile compared with those with No CP (weight, 57% vs 3%; height, 70% vs 2%; and head circumference, 82% vs 13%; P < .0001). Increasing severity of slow growth was associated with increasing age (P < .04 for weight, P < .001 for length, and P < .0001 for head circumference). Gastrostomy feeds were associated with better growth.

CONCLUSIONS:

Term children with HIE who develop Mod/Sev CP have high and increasing rates of growth <10th percentile by 6 to 7 years of age. These findings support the need for close medical and nutrition management of children with HIE who develop CP.
First Clinical Description of an Infant With Interleukin-36-Receptor Antagonist Deficiency Successfully Treated With Anakinra
Authors: Rossi-Semerano Linda , Piram Maryam , Chiaverini Christine , De Ricaud Dominique , Smahi Asma , Koné-Paut Isabelle
Published: September 2013

YM is the first son of Tunisian consanguineous parents who developed, at 2 weeks of life, an erythematous and scaly eruption, with subsequent rapid evolution toward generalized pustular psoriasis. Afterward, cutaneous flares of diffuse erythematous rash and pustules involving the whole body appeared, with a once weekly periodicity. Intense irritability was present during flares without fever. Moreover, since 1 month of age the infant presented with diarrhea, dysphagia, and reduced feeding rate, with failure to thrive. Laboratory tests during acute flares showed marked leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, and anemia without C-reactive protein elevation. Skin biopsy and clinical presentation were consistent with pustular psoriasis; nevertheless, the patient did not respond to high-potency topical corticosteroids and retinoid acid. As the patient presented with repeated skin flares early after birth, as well as serious constitutional distress with failure to thrive, an autoinflammatory syndrome like interleukine-1-receptor antagonist deficiency or interleukin-36-receptor antagonist deficiency (DITRA) was considered. The hypothesis was reinforced by parental consanguinity, and absence of skin lesion improvement under standard topical treatment. Genetic analyses showed a homozygous mutation in the IL36RN gene (L27P), which represents the same mutation recently described in DITRA patients. At age 6 months we started treatment with the recombinant interleukin-1 receptor antagonist anakinra with efficacy both on constitutional symptoms and skin involvement. DITRA is a recently described autoinflammatory disease characterized by repeated flares of generalized pustular psoriasis, high fever, asthenia, and systemic inflammation. We report herein the first exhaustive clinical description of an infant with DITRA who was successfully treated with anakinra.
Regional Implementation of a Pediatric Cardiology Chest Pain Guideline Using SCAMPs Methodology
Authors: Angoff Gerald H. , Kane David A. , Giddins Niels , Paris Yvonne M. , Moran Adrian M. , Tantengco Victoria , Rotondo Kathleen M. , Arnold Lucy , Toro-Salazar Olga H. , Gauthier Naomi S. , Kanevsky Estella , Renaud Ashley , Geggel Robert L. , Brown David W. , Fulton David R.
Published: September 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Chest pain is a complaint for which children are frequently evaluated. Cardiac causes are rarely found despite expenditure of considerable time and resources. We describe validation throughout New England of a clinical guideline for cost-effective evaluation of pediatric patients first seen by a cardiologist for chest pain using a unique methodology termed the Standardized Clinical Assessment and Management Plans (SCAMPs).

METHODS:

A total of 1016 ambulatory patients, ages 7 to 21 years initially seen for chest pain at Boston Children’s Hospital (BCH) or the New England Congenital Cardiology Association (NECCA) practices, were evaluated by using a SCAMPs chest pain guideline. Findings were analyzed for diagnostic elements, patterns of care, and compliance with the guideline. Results from the NECCA practices were compared with those of Boston Children’s Hospital, a regional core academic center.

RESULTS:

Two patients had chest pain due to a cardiac etiology, 1 with pericarditis and 1 with an anomalous coronary artery origin. Testing performed outside of guideline recommendations demonstrated only incidental findings. Patients returning for persistent symptoms did not have cardiac disease. The pattern of care for the NECCA practices and BCH differed minimally.

CONCLUSIONS:

By using SCAMPs methodology, we have demonstrated that chest pain in children is rarely caused by heart disease and can be evaluated in the ambulatory setting efficiently and effectively using minimal resources. The methodology can be implemented regionally across a wide range of clinical practice settings and its approach can overcome a number of barriers that often limit clinical practice guideline implementation.
Clinical Characteristics of Pediatric Myasthenia: A Surveillance Study
Authors: VanderPluym Juliana , Vajsar Jiri , Jacob Francois Dominique , Mah Jean K. , Grenier Danielle , Kolski Hanna
Published: September 2013

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the incidence, clinical features, diagnostic, and treatment trends of pediatric myasthenia in Canada.

METHODS:

Through established Canadian Pediatric Surveillance Program methodology, physicians were anonymously surveyed for cases of pediatric myasthenia using a standardized clinical questionnaire containing deidentified data. Inclusion criteria were any child <18 years old with ≥1 of the following: (1) fluctuating ptosis or extraocular weakness, (2) skeletal muscle weakness or fatigue, and (3) any of the following supportive tests: clinical response to acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, positive antibodies, abnormal slow repetitive nerve stimulation, or single-fiber electromyography.

RESULTS:

In 2 years of surveillance, 57 confirmed cases were reported. There were 34 generalized and 18 ocular reports of juvenile myasthenia gravis plus 5 congenital myasthenic syndrome cases. There were 14 incident cases in 2010 and 6 in 2011. Age of onset ranged from “birth” to 17 years for the generalized form compared with 18 months to 11 years for the ocular subtype. Positive acetylcholine receptor titers were found in 22 (67%) of 33 generalized cases and 8 (44%) of 18 ocular patients. Of patients started on pyridostigmine, improvement was noted in 33 (100%) of 33 generalized cases and 15 (88%) of 17 ocular cases.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study represents the largest descriptive series of pediatric myasthenia in North America and provides valuable information about clinical characteristics. A high index of suspicion is important for this treatable disease. Children generally respond promptly to readily available therapies.
The Rising Incidence of Celiac Disease in Scotland
Authors: White Lois E. , Merrick Victoria M. , Bannerman Elaine , Russell Richard K. , Basude Dharam , Henderson Paul , Wilson David C. , Gillett Peter M.
Published: September 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Although the incidence of pediatric celiac disease (CD) is increasing globally, it is uncertain whether this is attributed to improved case ascertainment or signifies a true rise. We aimed to identify all incident cases of childhood CD in southeast Scotland over the period 1990 to 2009 to assess trends in total incidence and cases diagnosed as a result of (1) a classic presentation, (2) a nonclassic presentation, or (3) targeted screening.

METHODS:

Twenty-year retrospective cohort study of case notes, pathology databases, endoscopy, and patient records for all children (<16 years of age) diagnosed with CD on biopsy in southeast Scotland (at-risk population of 225 000–233 000). Data were age-gender standardized and Poisson regression models used to calculate changes in incidence over time.

RESULTS:

A total of 266 children were diagnosed from 1990 to 2009 with an increase in incidence from 1.8/100 000 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–2.7) to 11.7/100 000 (95% CI 9.8–13.9) between the epochs 1990 to 1994 and 2005 to 2009, respectively (P < .0001). The incidence of nonclassic presentation (children with a monosymptomatic presentation and those with extraintestinal symptoms) and actively screened cases increased by 1566% (P < .05) and 1170% (P < .001) from 1990 to 1999 to 2000 to 2009, respectively. However, a rise in the incidence of Oslo classic cases from 1.51/100 000 (95% CI 0.91–2.38) in 1990 to 1994 to 5.22/100 000 (95% CI 3.98–6.75) in 2005 to 2009 (P < .01) remained evident.

CONCLUSIONS:

The incidence of pediatric CD increased 6.4-fold over the 20 years. This study demonstrates that this rise is significant for classic CD, indicating a true rise in the incidence of pediatric CD.
Smoking habits in Hungary: analysis based on surveys of the past decade
Authors: Cselkó Zsuzsa , Kovács Gábor
Published: September 2013

Passing the amendments to the anti-smoking law in Hungary indicates a firm determination of the Department of Health to curb tobacco use. Professional steps were destined to follow policies and control measures. The Methodological Support Center for Smoking Cessation began operation at the National Korányi Institute of Tuberculosis and Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary in 2012. The objective is to provide methodological assistance for evidence based smoking cessation support. The Center aspires to unite and direct the activities aimed at tobacco control, as well as initiate the drafting of appropriate medical guidelines. The Center works to ensure that information regarding smoking and personalized cessation support reaches wide range of Hungarian smokers through individual group and telephone counseling methods. Analysis of the results of national surveys conducted during the past decade on the adult population reveals that the proportion of daily smokers in Hungary has decreased to 28–29%. The proportion of men smokers (32–34%) indicates a more significant decrease, while the proportion of women smokers (24–25%) levels. Groups that are most affected by increased risk of smoking are people with low level of education, those facing economic hardship, the age groups of 17–34 and 35–64 years and women. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 1454–1468.
Anurofauna em uma área na Depressão Periférica, no centro-oeste do estado de São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Costa William Pinheiro da , Almeida Silvio César de , Jim Jorge
Published: September 2013

A anurofauna do estado de São Paulo, nas últimas oito décadas, tem sido foco do estudo de importantes grupos de pesquisa em anfíbios anuros. Porém, pesquisas realizadas com comunidades na área da Depressão Periférica do centro-oeste paulista ainda são escassas. A fim de trazer novas informações sobre essa região, nosso objetivo foi inventariar a anurofauna de uma área na Depressão Periférica, associando os resultados com dados da literatura e confrontando os mesmos com aqueles conhecidos para a anurofauna no altiplano da Cuesta de Botucatu. O inventário foi realizado a partir dos dados obtidos em 24 dias de amostragem, decorridos 13 meses de coleta (dezembro de 2008 a dezembro de 2009). Os anuros foram amostrados em potenciais sítios reprodutivos, pelos métodos de encontro visual e busca auditiva. Foram registradas 29 espécies distribuídas em 12 gêneros e seis famílias. Apesar da maioria das espécies serem predominantemente de áreas abertas, consideramos a riqueza elevada, e associamos essa riqueza à existência dos remanescentes de mata nos interflúvios. Entretanto, apesar da presença desses remanescentes, a ocorrência de espécies associadas exclusivamente a essas áreas foi pequena, se comparada aos fragmentos no altiplano, fato que aparentemente está associado às diferenças existentes entre os fragmentos contidos nos interflúvios e os fragmentos do altiplano. A atividade dos anfíbios foi concentrada no período quente e úmido, diminuindo à medida que se aproxima o ápice da estação fria e seca. Com base na análise de similaridade, observou-se a formação de agrupamentos com alta sobreposição. Entre esses agrupamentos, destacaram-se aqueles formados por espécies com atividade de vocalização prolongada, mas que diferiram quanto ao período de maior atividade (início e final da estação chuvosa) bem como, aqueles constituídos por espécies com período de vocalização mais curto, restrito a poucos dias, e que também diferiram no mês de pico de atividade (início e final da estação chuvosa). Com isso acreditamos que as diferenças quanto à distribuição temporal dos organismos da comunidade sejam importantes na partilha de recursos e no ajuste das espécies, fato que contribuiu para o elevado número de anfíbios observados e na coexistência dos táxons na área de estudo.
First record of endoparasitism of Pycnogonida in Hydrozoan polyps (Cnidaria) from the Brazilian coast
Authors: Bettim Ariane Lima , Haddad Maria Angélica
Published: September 2013

Despite the relatively high number of recent studies on Cnidaria off the Brazilian coast, we have observed only two records of parasitism on macromedusae and none on polyps. Endoparasitic associations between Pycnogonida larvae and hydroids have been well known since the early 20th century. Protonymph larvae develop inside the gastrovascular cavity of polyps, typically gastrozooids, which are then called gallzooids. This short communication is an unprecedented record of parasitism on the polyps of Brazilian cnidarian fauna. The parasitic association between Pycnogonida Anoplodactylus stictus and a new hydroid species of Podocoryna has been casually detected on the encrusting communities of experimental polyethylene plates installed at the Paranaguá Yacht Club, Paranaguá, south of Brazil from February 2007 to February 2008. This hydrozoan host is most likely an exotic species because it had not been observed in previous studies of Paranaguá Bay or beaches along the southern coast of Brazil in the previous 20 years. Eighty-eight hydroid colonies were analyzed, of which 19 were parasitized mainly from June to August 2007. Protonymphs were pink-red colored, similar to gallzooids and all other polyps of the colony, thus indicating that they had eaten the hosts' tissues. Up to six protonymphs were observed inside the gallzooids. The gallzooid column was elongated, and the tentacles were atrophied or even absent because of the development of the larvae. Some observations of endoparasitism in two live colonies that were maintained in aquaria until their complete disappearance (one month) are also described in this note.
Dental Maturation in Children with the Syndrome of Crouzon and Apert
Authors: Reitsma Jacobus H. , Balk-Leurs Inge H. , Ongkosuwito Edwin M. , Wattel Evert , Prahl-Andersen Birte
Published: September 2013

Purpose

Developing teeth are used to assess maturity and estimate age in a number of disciplines. The purpose of this investigation was to study the dental maturation in children with Crouzon or Apert syndrome compared with nonsyndromic controls.

Patients and Methods

Records of 40 children with Crouzon syndrome (18 boys and 22 girls, aged 4.0 to 17.9 years) and 28 children with Apert syndrome (10 boys and 18 girls, aged 3.9 to 15.1 years) were referred to the Department of Orthodontics, Cleft Palate Team and Craniofacial Team, Erasmus MC–Sophia. Data from syndromic children were compared with data from 451 nonsyndromic children (225 boys and 226 girls, aged 2.9 to 16.9 years). From panoramic radiographs, dental maturation was determined for patients with Crouzon and Apert syndromes and compared with data collected from control children. Logistic functions were constructed for dental maturation over time for syndromes and gender.

Results

Statistically significant gender differences in dental maturation scores were found for girls with Crouzon ( P < .05) and Apert syndrome ( P < .05). Patients with Apert syndrome demonstrated a significantly delayed dental maturation ( P < .05), while patients with Crouzon syndrome showed a nonsignificant delay.

Conclusions

Dental maturation in patients with Apert syndrome was more delayed than in patients with Crouzon syndrome. The delay of tooth formation in patients with Crouzon or Apert syndrome suggests a possible common genetic association.
Train loading on bridges since Stephenson's Rocket
Authors: Hayward Alan C G.
Published: September 2013

Railway locomotives increased in weight from less than 10 tons in 1825 to more than 100 tons by the 1930s. Originally loading on bridges was assumed as an average weight per unit length ignoring axle concentration and generous factors of safety were used to compensate for the absence of any dynamic allowance. After the Dee Bridge collapse of 1847 Board of Trade rules were imposed. The comparatively few bridge failures under train loading are summarised. After several failures of flawed cast-iron girders these were gradually replaced after 1891. There was no rigorous consideration of dynamic effects until the 1900s. Civil engineers had been rejecting heavier new locomotives without comparing hammer blow characteristics. Dynamic effects were eventually investigated for the Bridge Stress Committee Report of 1928. With the elimination of steam traction, loading as developed for Europe was introduced and is now adopted in the Eurocodes. Comparisons are made between early and modern loadings taking account of the effect of increasing speeds.
Influence of cable dampers on cable-stayed bridges
Authors: Liang Dong , Kong Dandan , Li Yanfeng
Published: September 2013

Cable-stayed bridges have seen a wider application in recent years, with many having longer and longer spans. Modern cable-stayed bridges use numerous cables to support the stiffening girders. Many cable dampers are installed to mitigate cable vibration. This paper focuses on the effect of a cable damper on the dynamic characteristics of the whole cable-stayed bridge, especially modal damping. A practical model comprising the cable, girder and damper is developed to analyse the relationship between system modal damping and the performance of a cable damper with the complex mode method. A test model with cable, girder and damper was made to verify the theoretical results. A finite-element model of a simplified cable-stayed bridge based on a test model is adopted to assess the effects of cable dampers on the anti-seismic performance and wind-resistant behaviour of the cable-stayed bridge. The results show that the cable dampers of a cable-stayed bridge can increase the modal damping of the whole bridge.
Optimal displacement mechanisms beneath shallow foundations on linear-elastic perfectly plastic soil
Authors: MCMAHON B.T. , HAIGH S.K. , BOLTON M.D.
Published: September 2013

An energy method for a linear-elastic perfectly plastic method utilising the von Mises yield criterion with associated flow developed in 2013 by McMahon and co-workers is used to compare the ellipsoidal cavity-expansion mechanism, from the same work, and the displacement fields of other research by Levin, in 1995, and Osman and Bolton, in 2005, which utilise the Hill and Prandtl mechanisms respectively. The energy method was also used with a mechanism produced by performing a linear-elastic finite-element analysis in Abaqus. At small values of settlement and soil rigidity the elastic mechanism provides the lowest upper-bound solution, and matches well with finite-element analysis results published in the literature. At typical footing working loads and settlements the cavity-expansion mechanism produces a more optimal solution than the displacement fields within the Hill and Prandtl mechanisms, and also matches well with the published finite-element analysis results in this range. Beyond these loads, at greater footing settlements, or soil rigidity, the Prandtl mechanism is shown to be the most appropriate.
Green Manure Species and Sowing Time Effects on the Agronomic Performance of Common Bean
Authors: Ferreira Enderson P. B. , Stone Luis F. , Didonet Agostinho D.
Published: September 2013

An evaluation of sowing date effects on the development of green manure species and the subsequent effects on the agronomic performance of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was conducted using three consecutive years of field trials. A randomized block design was used with a factorial treatment structure of 3 yr, three sowing dates and five green manure species {sunn hemp [Crotalaria juncea L.], slender leaf rattlebox [C. ochroleuca G. Don], velvet bean[Mucuna pruriens L.], pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.], and jack bean [Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC.]}, aiming to determine the agronomical performance of common bean in response to species and sowing date of different green manures. The dependent variables used to evaluate green manure development were “green manure shoot dry mass (GMSDM), green manure N accumulation (GMNA) and green manure nitrogen accumulation efficiency (GMNAE)”. For common bean “common bean leaf area index (CBLAI), common bean shoot dry mass (CBSDM), number of pods per plant (NPP), number of grains per pod (NGP), total of grains per plant (TGP), 100‐grain weight (100GW), grain yield (GY), grain harvest index (GHI), and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE)” were used to evaluate common bean performance. The GMSDM and GMNA both decreased when the green manure were sown in February rather than November, with the exception of velvet bean. Although the GMNA varied with year, species, and planting date, values above 90 kg ha–1 were common after November and December sowing and were sufficient to ensure good GY levels of subsequent common bean. Pigeon pea stood out because of its positive effect on the CBLAI, CBSDM, and NUE values of subsequent common bean. The GMNAE, NPP, NGP, NUE, and GHI were significantly correlated with GY. The best combination of these variables resulted in a common bean GY of 2000 kg ha–1, which is 57% higher than the Brazilian average. These results indicate that the use of green manure can contribute to the sustainability of organic production systems in tropical regions.
A Three‐Dimensional Structure and Process Model for Integrated Hydro‐Geo‐Pedologic Analysis of a Constructed Hydrological Catchment
Authors: Gerke Horst H. , Maurer Thomas , Schneider Anna
Published: September 2013

A structure model describes the boundary geometries and the three‐dimensional solid phase distributions of the catchment. In contrast to an established ecosystem, feedback relations can be assumed for an initial geosystem between the development of spatial structures and the water and element fluxes. The objective was to develop a hydrological catchment model as a three‐dimensional spatial database of the solid phase that allows an integrative analysis, a periodical mass balance, and the generation of distributed model parameters for the developing system. Data were from the constructed catchment “Chicken Creek.” The initial texture and bulk density distributions were generated by imitating sediment dumping, segregation, and compaction. Boundary geometries and changes in surface topography due to erosion and sedimentation processes were quantified on the basis of digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from aerial photographs. The catchment was visualized with the three‐dimensional software GoCad; the “emergence” of the water table and other structures (e.g., soil horizons, root zone) could be spatially assigned and quantified to identify regions with specific processes. A combination of three‐dimensional catchment with time‐dependent two‐dimensional surface models allowed generating the development of spatially distributed erosion–deposition patterns that formed new initial surfaces. The three‐dimensional distributed solid phase structure of the catchment allowed for a more direct comparison with observations using minimal invasive methods. The mass balance of the solids could be related with pedologic development and transfer to other geopedologic systems achieved by adapting sediment transport and deposition in the descriptions of the model. This model may help improve the integrative analysis of hydrological catchments.
Microparticles and their Roles in Inflammation: A Review§
Authors: Batool Syeda , Abbasian Nima , Burton James O. , Stover Cordula
Published: September 2013

Microparticles (MPs) were long dismissed as “platelet-dust”, cell debris, with no functional significance. Theyare anucleated vesicles (0.1μm to 1μm), enclosed in a membrane, secretedinto the circulation by cells during cell activation or apoptosis. They have now emerged as mediators and markers of inflammatory diseases and autoimmune disorders. They are distinctly different from exosomes and apoptotic bodiesand are released from nearly every cell type, the most abundant being platelets, leukocytes and endothelial cells. MPs can be detected using flow cytometry and more recently by nanotechnology, which is more accuratein detecting, quantifying and phenotypingMPs.

MPs are instrumental in the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases (thrombotic and atherosclerotic) through their pro-inflammatory and pro-coagulant properties. Their levels are significantly elevated in chronic inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. However, increasing evidence suggests they also possess antiinflammatory and anti-coagulant roles which could confer immunoprotection. MPs transport various lipids, proteins, mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) which may influence activities of receiving cells. Particularly the miRNAspecies delivered by MPs have been shown to modulate inflammation.

In vitro and in vivo studies are being conducted to bioengineer MPs to facilitate delivery of therapeutic compounds to desired location safely, specifically and more effectively, with fewer side effects. More research is required to understand the composition, origin, mechanisms of formation and release as well as their clearance from the circulation to pave way for gaining greater pharmacological benefits by controlling MP-mediated cellular responses.
The elderly and a remote home care: The case of Slovenia
Authors: Kerbler Bostjan
Published: September 2013

Due to increasing ageing, western countries are facing an increase in
financial needs to provide suitable healthcare, social care and housing for
the elderly. One of society?s responses to these issues is the idea of moving
elder-care activities to their living environments. This can be achieved with
the help of information and communication technologies (ICT) by which home
care could be provided remotely. However, the findings of various authors
suggest that elderly people have mostly negative attitudes towards a remote
home care. In order to determine the views of the elderly towards this
service in Slovenia, a survey was conducted, the results of which are
discussed in this article. Contrary to our assumption, it turned out that
elderly people have positive attitudes towards remote home care. This was
attributed to effectively informing respondents and increasing their
understanding of the operation and usability of the service. Raising the
awareness of potential users is therefore crucial for its acceptance in a
society.
Photoluminescence of HgCdTe nanostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs
Authors: Izhnin I. , Izhnin A. , Mynbaev K. , Bazhenov N. , Shilyaev A. , Mikhailov N. , Varavin V. , Dvoretsky S. , Fitsych O. , Voitsekhovsky A.
Published: September 2013

Photoluminescence (PL) of HgCdTe-based hetero-epitaxial nanostructures with 50 to 1100 nm-wide potential wells was studied. The nanostructures were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs substrates. A strong degree of alloy disorder was found in the material, which led to the broadening of the PL spectra and a considerable Stokes shift that could be traced up to temperature T∼230 K. Annealing of the structures improved the ordering and led to the increase in the PL intensity. A remarkable feature of the PL was an unexpectedly small decrease of its intensity with temperature increasing from 84 to 300 K. This effect can be related to localization of carriers at potential fluctuations and to the specific character of Auger-type processes in HgCdTe-based nanostructures.
Engineering the point spread function of layered metamaterials
Authors: Pastuszczak A. , Stolarek M. , Kotyński R.
Published: September 2013

Layered metal-dielectric metamaterials have filtering properties both in the frequency domain and in the spatial frequency domain. Engineering their spatial filtering response is a way of designing structures with specific diffraction properties for such applications as sub-diffraction imaging, supercollimation, or optical signal processing at the nanoscale. In this paper we review the recent progress in this field.

We also present a numerical optimization framework for layered metamaterials, based on the use of evolutionary algorithms. A measure of similarity obtained using Hölder’s inequality is adapted to construct the overall criterion function. We analyse the influence of surface roughness on the quality of imaging.
Pedal Bone Density, Strength, Orientation, and Plantar Loads Preceding Incipient Metatarsal Fracture After Charcot Neuroarthropathy: 2 Case Reports
Authors: Gutekunst David J. , Sinacore David R.
Published: September 2013

Study Design

Case report.

Background

Charcot neuroarthropathy is a progressive, noninfective, inflammatory destruction of bones and joints leading to foot deformities and plantar ulceration. Though individuals with Charcot neuroarthropathy typically have low areal bone mineral density, little is known regarding changes in volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), bone geometry, joint malalignment, and biomechanical loads preceding fracture.

Case Description

Two women, aged 45 and 54 years at the onset of an acute, nonfracture Charcot neuroarthropathy event, received regular physical therapy with wound care and total-contact casting. Both enrolled in a larger research study that included plantar pressure assessment and quantitative computed tomography at enrollment and 3, 6, and 12 months later. The women sustained mid-diaphyseal fifth metatarsal fracture 10 to 11 months after enrollment. Quantitative computed tomography image-analysis techniques were used to measure vBMD; bone geometric indices reflecting strength in compression, bending, and cortical buckling; and 3-D bone-to-bone orientation angles reflecting foot deformity.

Outcomes

Fifth metatarsal mid-diaphyseal vBMD decreased during offloading treatment from 0 to 3 months, then increased to above baseline levels by 6 months. All geometric strength indices improved from baseline through 6 months. Plantar loading in the lateral midfoot increased preceding fracture, concomitant with alterations in bone orientation angles, which suggest progressive development of metatarsus adductus and equinovarus foot deformity.

Discussion

Fractures may occur when bone strength decreases or when biomechanical loading increases. Incipient fracture was preceded by increased loading in the lateral midfoot but not by reductions in vBMD or geometric strength indices, suggesting that loading played a greater role in fracture. Moreover, the progression of foot deformities may be causally linked to the increased plantar loading.

Level of Evidence

Prognosis, level 4. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013;43(10):744–751. Epub 9 September 2013. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.4443
Kinesiophobia After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture and Reconstruction: Noncopers Versus Potential Copers
Authors: Hartigan Erin H. , Lynch Andrew D. , Logerstedt David S. , Chmielewski Terese L. , Snyder-Mackler Lynn
Published: September 2013

Study Design

Secondary-analysis, longitudinal cohort study.

Objectives

To compare kinesiophobia levels in noncopers and potential copers at time points spanning pre- and post-anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and to examine the association between changes in kinesiophobia levels and clinical measures.

Background

After ACL injury, a screening examination may be used to classify patients as potential copers or noncopers based on dynamic knee stability. Quadriceps strength, single-leg hop performance, and self-reported knee function are worse in noncopers. High kinesiophobia levels after ACL reconstruction are associated with poorer self-reported knee function and lower return-to-sport rates. Kinesiophobia levels have not been examined before ACL reconstruction, across the transition from presurgery to postsurgery, or based on potential coper and noncoper classification.

Methods

Quadriceps strength indexes, single-leg hop score indexes, self-reported knee function (Knee Outcome Survey activities of daily living subscale, global rating scale), and kinesiophobia (Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia [TSK-11]) scores were compiled for potential copers (n = 50) and noncopers (n = 61) from 2 clinical trial databases. A repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to compare TSK-11 scores between groups and across 4 time points (before preoperative treatment, after preoperative treatment, 6 months post-ACL reconstruction, and 12 months post-ACL reconstruction). Correlations determined the association of kinesiophobia levels with other clinical measures.

Results

Presurgery TSK-11 scores were significantly higher in noncopers than in potential copers. Postsurgery, no group differences existed. TSK-11 scores in both groups decreased across all time points; however, TSK-11 scores decreased more in noncopers in the interval between presurgery and postsurgery. In noncopers, the decreases in TSK-11 scores from presurgery to postsurgery and after surgery were related to improvements in the Knee Outcome Survey activities of daily living subscale, whereas the association was only present in potential copers after surgery.

Conclusion

Kinesiophobia levels were high in both noncopers and potential copers preoperatively. Restoration of mechanical knee stability with surgery might have contributed to decreased kinesiophobia levels in noncopers. Kinesiophobia is related to knee function after surgery, regardless of preoperative classification as a potential coper or noncoper. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013;43(11):821–832. Epub 9 September 2013. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.4514
A Comparison of Negative Joint Work and Vertical Ground Reaction Force Loading Rates in Chi Runners and Rearfoot-Striking Runners
Authors: Goss Donald Lee , Gross Michael T.
Published: September 2013

Study Design

Observational.

Objectives

To compare lower extremity negative joint work and vertical ground reaction force loading rates in rearfoot-striking (RS) and Chi runners.

Background

Alternative running styles such as Chi running have become a popular alternative to RS running. Proponents assert that this running style reduces knee joint loading and ground reaction force loading rates.

Methods

Twenty-two RS and 12 Chi runners ran for 5 minutes at a self-selected speed on an instrumented treadmill. A 3-D motion analysis system was used to obtain kinematic data. Average vertical ground reaction force loading rate and negative work of the ankle dorsiflexors, ankle plantar flexors, and knee extensors were computed during the stance phase. Groups were compared using a 1-way analysis of covariance for each variable, with running speed and age as covariates.

Results

On average, RS runners demonstrated greater knee extensor negative work (RS, −0.332 J/body height × body weight [BH·BW]; Chi, −0.144 J/BH·BW; P<.001), whereas Chi runners demonstrated more ankle plantar flexor negative work (Chi, −0.467 J/BH·BW; RS, −0.315 J/BH·BW; P<.001). RS runners demonstrated greater average vertical ground reaction force loading rates than Chi runners (RS, 68.6 BW/s; Chi, 43.1 BW/s; P<.001).

Conclusion

Chi running may reduce vertical loading rates and knee extensor work, but may increase work of the ankle plantar flexors. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013;43(10):685–692. Epub 9 September 2013. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.4542
Baseball Players Diagnosed With Ulnar Collateral Ligament Tears Demonstrate Decreased Balance Compared to Healthy Controls
Authors: Garrison J. Craig , Arnold Amanda , Macko Michael J. , Conway John E.
Published: September 2013

Study Design

Cross-sectional.

Objectives

To compare lower extremity balance and shoulder range of motion in baseball players with ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) tears to a healthy cohort.

Background

Throwing is a complex motion that requires balance and coordination to effectively transfer energy through the kinetic chain. In theory, poorer balance could negatively affect throwing mechanics and lead to injury.

Methods

Thirty baseball players (mean ± SD age, 18.5 ± 1.9 years) with a diagnosis of a UCL tear of their throwing arm were compared to 30 players (age, 19.0 ± 1.1 years) without a UCL tear. All participants were competing at either the high school or collegiate level and reported an average ± SD of 13.5 ± 1.7 years of playing experience. The Y Balance Test composite scores were calculated for the stance and lead lower extremities of all players. Shoulder range of motion was used to calculate glenohumeral internal rotation deficit and side-to-side differences in total rotational motion. Group comparisons were made between participants with and without UCL tears using independent t tests.

Results

Baseball players with UCL tears scored significantly lower on the Y Balance Test for both the stance (P<.001) and lead (P<.001) lower extremities compared to the noninjured cohort. No between-group differences were noted in glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (P = .453), whereas the mean ± SD side-to-side difference in total rotational motion was −6.0° ± 9.6° for the injured group, compared to −0.4° ± 9.6° for the control group (P = .028).

Conclusion

Participants with a UCL tear demonstrated decreased performance for their stance and lead lower extremities during the Y Balance Test. These data are consistent with a clinical hypothesis of a potential association between impaired balance and UCL tears in high school and collegiate baseball players. The lower total rotational motion of the dominant shoulder in participants with UCL tears needs to be considered in the interpretation of those results. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013;43(10):752–758. Epub 9 September 2013. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.4680
Whole-Body Vibration Versus Eccentric Training or a Wait-and-See Approach for Chronic Achilles Tendinopathy: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Horstmann Thomas , Jud Holger M. , Fröhlich Vanessa , Mündermann Annegret , Grau Stefan
Published: September 2013

Study Design

Randomized clinical trial.

Objectives

To test the hypothesis that whole-body vibration training results in greater improvements in symptoms and pain, structural changes, and muscle flexibility and strength of the triceps surae muscle-tendon unit than those achieved with eccentric training or with a wait-and-see approach.

Background

The potential use of vibration training for the treatment of Achilles tendinopathy has not been explored.

Methods

Fifty-eight patients (mean age, 46.0 years) with Achilles tendinopathy were randomly assigned to a 12-week intervention using whole-body vibration training, eccentric training, or a wait-and-see approach. Pain, tendon structure and path, and muscle flexibility and strength were assessed at baseline and follow-up, and compared using mixed-factor analyses of variance.

Results

Pain improvements at the midsection of the tendon were greater in the vibration- and eccentric-training groups than in the wait-and-see group (mean difference from the vibration-training group, −18.0; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −35.0, −1.1; mean difference from the eccentric-training group, −27.0; 95% CI: −50.9, −3.1). Improvements in pain at the musculotendinous junction were greater in the eccentric-training group than in the other groups (mean difference from the vibration-training group, −31.4; 95% CI: −60.7, −2.0; mean difference from the wait-and-see group, −50.2; 95% CI: −82.3, −18.1). Improvements in most participants were achieved in the vibration-training group, followed by the eccentric-training group.

Conclusion

Vibration training may be an alternative or a complementary treatment in patients who do not respond well to eccentric training, especially in those with insertional pain.

Level of Evidence

Therapy, level 2b-. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013;43(11):794–803. Epub 9 September 2013. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.4762