bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beurteilung und Nutzung der 2016 reformierten Psychotherapierichtlinie
Authors: Bangeow Petjo , Rapp Michael A.
Published: January 2020

Ziel der Studie Dieser Artikel untersucht, inwiefern sich die 2016 reformierte Richtlinie im Stadt-Land- sowie im Ost-West-Vergleich auf die ambulante psychotherapeutische Arbeit und Versorgung auswirkt.

Methodik Eine Onlineumfrage unter vertragsärztlich tätigen TherapeutInnen wurde durchgeführt. Die Fragen bezogen sich auf verschiedene Neuerungen in der Richtlinie.

Ergebnisse Unabhängig von der Region schätzten die Befragten ein, dass die Reform zu keiner verbesserten Versorgung führte.

Im Westen und in der Stadt tätige TherapeutInnen verwiesen PatientInnen nach der Sprechstunde öfter an andere Psychotherapiepraxen, im Osten und auf dem Land tätige hingegen öfter auf andere Hilfeangebote.

Schlussfolgerung Stärkere Anreize für die psychotherapeutische Tätigkeit auf dem Land sind zu schaffen. Abbaumaßnahmen der Ost-West-Ungleichheiten in der Versorgungsdichte scheinen nötig.
Medikolegale Aspekte des präklinischen Managements von „akuten Aortensyndromen“
Authors: Kurz Stephan D. , Falk Volkmar , Buschmann Claas T. , Peters Mike
Published: January 2020

Akute Aortensyndrome sind in der Versorgung äußerst zeitkritische Ereignisse, die letztendlich nur in einer hoch spezialisierten medizinischen Einrichtung definitiv versorgt werden können. Um Leben und Gesundheit der Notfallpatienten zu erhalten, steht der schnellstmögliche Transport unter Inanspruchnahme von Sonderrechten mit dem nächsten geeigneten Rettungsmittel im Vordergrund. Die Disposition eines erst später verfügbaren Intensivtransportwagens ist aus medizinrechtlicher Sicht als höchst bedenklich anzusehen.
Der Telenotarzt als Innovation des Rettungsdienstes im ländlichen Raum – Kosten der Implementierung
Authors: Prasser Clara , Süss Rebekka , Hahnenkamp Klaus , Hasebrook Joachim , Brinkrolf Peter , Fleßa Steffen
Published: January 2020

Zielsetzung In der Notfallversorgung besteht insbesondere in ländlich geprägten Regionen ein Zielkonflikt zwischen hoher Versorgungsqualität und effizientem Mitteleinsatz. Eine mögliche Lösung könnte der Telenotarzt darstellen, der mittels Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien noch vor Eintreffen des Notarztes oder diesen ersetzend mit der ärztlichen Behandlung beginnen kann.

Folgend werden die Kosten eines Telenotarzt-System dargestellt. Die Analyse basiert auf der Einführung eines Telenotarzt-Systems im Landkreis Vorpommern-Greifswald.

Methodik Als Datengrundlage dienten die im Rahmen der Einführung des Telenotarzt-Systems im Landkreis Vorpommern-Greifswald angefallenen Kosten. Sämtliche Kosten wurden zu den Positionen Sach- und immaterielle Investitionen sowie jährliche Betriebs- und Personalkosten zusammengefasst. Weiterhin wurden die Investitionskosten anteilig berücksichtigt, so dass eine Jahresbetrachtung möglich war. Abschließend wurden die Kosten zu einer Kostenfunktion summiert.

Ergebnisse Bei Zusammenführung aller angefallenen Kosten im Rahmen des Projektes Land|Rettung entstehen jährlich für jeden telenotarztfähigen Rettungswagen Kosten in Höhe von 20 842 €. Unter der Annahme eines betriebenen Telenotarzt-Arbeitsplatzes, belaufen sich die jährlichen Sach-, Personal- und Betriebskosten in dem Kreis insgesamt auf 1 049 466 €. Hierin enthalten sind die Investitions- und Betriebskosten des Telenotarzt-Arbeitsplatzes sowie allgemeine Komponenten des Telenotarzt-Systems (beispielsweise Netzwerk und Personalschulungen).

Schlussfolgerung Das Telenotarzt-System, so wie es im Kreis Vorpommern-Greifswald entwickelt wurde, ist grundsätzlich auch für andere ländliche Regionen eine sinnvolle Maßnahme zur Verbesserung der Notfallversorgung. Wie das Beispiel aus Nordostdeutschland zeigt, sind die Kosten jedoch nicht vernachlässigbar. Bei der Übertragung auf andere Regionen können die Kosten abweichen, denn die Größe, der Urbanisierungsgrad sowie die geographische Lage einer Region beeinflussen die Kostenfunktion. Die hier vorgelegte Analyse gibt jedoch einen ersten Ansatz, um diese Kosten abschätzen zu können und damit eine evidenzbasierte Entscheidung über den Einsatz eines Telenotarztes treffen zu können.
Multiple Knoten am Handrücken infolge einer kosmetischen Behandlung mit Hyaluronsäure
Authors: Elsner P. , Peckruhn M.
Published: January 2020

Bei einer 47-jährigen Frau erfolgte eine kosmetische Behandlung zur Faltenreduktion beider Handrücken in Form einer Unterspritzung der Falten mit Hyaluronsäure. Wenige Tage später trat eine Schwellung beider Handrücken mit Hitze- und Spannungsgefühl auf. Unter Kühlung und topischer Pharmakotherapie war die Schwellung rückläufig, jedoch traten deutliche Knötchen im Bereich beider Handrücken an den vorher injizierten Arealen auf, die trotz regelmäßiger Unterspritzungen über mehr als 2 Jahre nicht abheilten. In einer dermatologischen Begutachtung wurden Fremdkörpergranulome diagnostiziert, deren Auftreten nach Fillerinjektionen mit Hyaluronsäure in die Handrücken, wenn auch selten, beschrieben wurde. Ein Behandlungsfehler konnte daher nicht bejaht werden, da es sich bei den Granulomen um die Verwirklichung eines seltenen, aber typischen Risikos des Eingriffs handelte. Jedoch blieb offen, ob eine rechtswirksame Einwilligung auf der Basis einer Aufklärung über sämtliche für die Einwilligung wesentlichen Umstände vorlag. Im Falle kosmetischer Eingriffe stellt die Rechtsprechung an die Aufklärung besonders hohe Anforderungen; sie sollte „schonungslos“ sein, damit der Patient entscheiden kann, ob er ggf. bleibende Entstellungen oder gesundheitliche Beeinträchtigungen in Kauf nehmen will, selbst wenn diese auch nur entfernt als eine Folge des Eingriffs in Betracht kommen. Die Beweispflicht für die Aufklärung trägt der Arzt; kann er dieser Pflicht nicht genügen, tritt für die Folgen der Behandlung eine Beweislastumkehr ein, d. h. dem Arzt werden eventuelle Schäden zugerechnet, auch wenn der Eingriff lege artis erfolgte.
Die Effekte von Geschlecht, Bildung und Einkommen auf antizipierte Scham bei psychischen Erkrankungen – Ergebnisse einer deutschen Bevölkerungsstudie
Authors: Hahm Stefanie , Speerforck Sven , Fleischer Toni , Grabe Hans Jörgen , Beutel Manfred , Schomerus Georg
Published: January 2020

Ziel Scham kann eine Barriere für die Hilfesuche bei psychischen Erkrankungen darstellen. Ziel der Studie war es, den Einfluss von Geschlecht, Bildung und Einkommen auf antizipierte Scham zu untersuchen.

Methode In einer Stichprobe einer regional-repräsentativen Bevölkerungsstudie (N = 1647) wurden ordinale Regressionen mit den Prädiktoren Geschlecht, Bildung, Einkommen und deren Interaktion (Kontrollvariablen: Alter, Depressivität) durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse Männer und Personen mit hohem Einkommen äußerten insgesamt stärkere Scham. Geschlechterunterschiede bezüglich Scham nahmen mit höherer Bildung zu: Während höher gebildete Männer mehr Scham äußerten, zeigte sich bei Frauen ein gegenläufiger Trend.

Schlussfolgerung Scham muss im Kontext von Geschlechterrollen, Status sowie deren Interaktion betrachtet werden. Zukünftige Studien sollten auch den Effekt von Mental Health Literacy berücksichtigen.
Effectiveness of High Tibial Osteotomy with or without Other Procedures for Medial Compartment Osteoarthritis of Knee: An Update Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yao Ru-Zhan , Liu Wei-Qiang , Sun Liang-Zhi , Yu Ming-Dong , Wang Guang-Lin
Published: January 2020

To improve the long-term outcomes of high tibial osteotomy (HTO) for gonarthritis, many cartilage repair procedures appeared, but their effects were controversial. To evaluate the efficacy of cartilage repair procedures during HTO for gonarthritis, we performed this update meta-analysis. We performed the system retrieval for clinical trials using various databases and then pooled the outcomes of the included studies. Fifteen studies were involved. The pooled results indicated that there were no significant differences in Kellgren and Lawrence (KL) scale (mean difference [MD] = 0.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.01 to 0.06, p = 0.24), the femorotibial angle (MD = 0.06, 95% CI = −0.04 to 0.16, p = 0.22), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes (MD = 12.53, 95% CI = −2.26 to 27.32, p = 0.10) of patients in experimental group than control. The subgroup analysis showed that the clinical outcomes of abrasion arthroplasty (AA) were worse than control group (standardized mean difference [SMD] −2.65, 95% CI = −3.67 to −1.63, p < 0.001), while mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) injection improved the clinical outcomes (SMD = 2.37, 95% CI = 1.25–3.50, p < 0.001). There were significant differences between the two groups in arthroscopic (SMD = 1.38, 95% CI = 0.82–1.94, p < 0.001) and histologic results (relative risk [RR] = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.36–2.29, p < 0.001). The pain relief (MD = 0.17, 95% CI = −3.26 to 3.61, p = 0.92) and operative complications (RR = 1.42, 95% CI = 0.83–2.42; p = 0.19) of the two groups had no significant differences. Our analysis supports that concurrent cartilage repair procedures might improve arthroscopic and histologic outcomes, but they have no beneficial effect on clinical outcomes, radiograph, MRI, and pain relief. The concurrent procedures do not increase the risk of operative complication. Furthermore, MSC has some beneficial effects on clinical outcomes, while AA might play an opposite role.
A density functional theory study on the passivation mechanisms of hydrogenated Si/Al2O3 interfaces
Authors: Colonna Francesco , Kühnhold-Pospischil Saskia , Elsässer Christian
Published: January 2020

Amorphous aluminum oxide (Al2O3) films are known to provide a high-quality passivation on silicon (Si) surfaces which can result in an enhanced efficiency of Si-based solar cells. After deposition of Al2O3 on Si, a certain temperature treatment is needed to activate the highest surface passivation quality. When the applied temperature is exceeded by a certain level, the passivation quality degrades. This behavior is well known in the production of Si-based solar cells. In order to further elucidate the microscopic origin of passivation mechanisms and its interplay with thermal treatments, we investigate four different atomistic Si/Al2O3 interface models by means of density functional theory simulations. As interfacial hydrogen (H) is deemed to play a key role in Si/Al2O3 surface passivation mechanisms and its amount changes during thermal treatments, two of these models contain hydrogen in different amounts; the other two do not contain any hydrogen. The simulations show that both chemical passivation and field-effect passivation depend on the relative amount of hydrogen via partially competing mechanisms. The obtained results provide novel insights into the passivation mechanisms of Si/Al2O3 interfaces. The results are qualitatively compared to the thermally induced activation and degradation of the Si(100)/Al2O3 surface passivation known from experiments.
Sputtered single-phase kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film for photovoltaic applications: Post annealing parameter optimization and property analysis
Authors: Sharmin Afrina , Bashar M. S. , Sultana Munira , Al Mamun S. M. Mostafa
Published: January 2020

A potential solar absorber material, sputtered kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film, has been extensively studied in recent years due to its advantageous properties, including the earth abundance of its constituent elements, nontoxicity, suitable band gap, and high absorption coefficient. 2000 nm CZTS thin films were deposited on soda lime glass by a sputtering technique. The prepared films underwent a postannealing treatment for crystallization in which different temperatures and pressures were applied to understand its impact on film growth, phase formation, and stoichiometry. The annealed samples were subsequently characterized by Raman and UV-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The thickness of each film was measured using a surface profilometer and from a cross-sectional image obtained by SEM. The XRD pattern for each film showed characteristic (112), (220), and (312) peaks, and the phase purity was confirmed via Raman studies. Film surface morphology and roughness were studied by AFM. The root mean square roughness was found to increase with annealing temperature and base pressure. The chemical compositions of the prepared samples were analyzed by EDX, and the films showed desired stoichiometry. UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy indicated that the direct band gap energies (Eg) of the films were 1.47 eV–1.51 eV, within the optimum range for use in solar cells. These attractive properties of the sputtered CZTS thin film should heighten interest in its use as a solar absorber layer in the next-generation photovoltaic cells, suggesting that it possesses substantial commercial promise.
Entropy generation in MHD Maxwell nanofluid flow with variable thermal conductivity, thermal radiation, slip conditions, and heat source
Authors: Aziz Asim , Shams Moniba
Published: January 2020

It is important to study heat transfer processes due to fluid flow in the context of entropy because the efficiency of such systems depends on reduction in entropy generation. Moreover, there is a need to develop mechanisms to control entropy generation in thermal systems. In this work, we study volumetric entropy generation rate in electrically conducting Maxwell nanofluid over a penetrable stretching sheet with variable thermal conductivity, velocity slip conditions, thermal radiation, and internal heat source effect. The governing equations of flow, heat transfer, and entropy generation have been abridged under the suppositions of boundary layer approximations and low Reynolds numbers. Solutions to the governing system of partial differential equations are carried out by transforming them into the system of ordinary differential equations using suitable similarity transformations. The resultant system is then solved numerically using a shooting technique along with the fourth order RK method. Numerical computations are carried out for water based Cu-water and Al2O3-water nanofluids. Corporeal topographies of velocity, temperature, entropy generation, Bejan number, skin friction coefficient, and Nusselt number are presented. The impact of important physical parameters are discussed through graphs and tables.
Focusing light through scattering media by reinforced hybrid algorithms
Authors: Luo Yunqi , Yan Suxia , Li Huanhao , Lai Puxiang , Zheng Yuanjin
Published: January 2020

Light scattering inside disordered media poses a significant challenge to achieve deep depth and high resolution simultaneously in biomedical optical imaging. Wavefront shaping emerged recently as one of the most potential methods to tackle this problem. So far, numerous algorithms have been reported, while each has its own pros and cons. In this article, we exploit a new thought that one algorithm can be reinforced by another complementary algorithm since they effectively compensate each other’s weaknesses, resulting in a more efficient hybrid algorithm. Herein, we introduce a systematical approach named GeneNN (Genetic Neural Network) as a proof of concept. Preliminary light focusing has been achieved by a deep neural network, whose results are fed to a genetic algorithm as an initial condition. The genetic algorithm furthers the optimization, evolving to converge into the global optimum. Experimental results demonstrate that with the proposed GeneNN, optimization speed is almost doubled and wavefront shaping performance can be improved up to 40% over conventional methods. The reinforced hybrid algorithm shows great potential in facilitating various biomedical and optical imaging techniques.
Giant reversible magnetocaloric effect in antiferromagnetic rare-earth cobaltite GdCoO3
Authors: Dong Q. Y. , Hou K. Y. , Zhang X. Q. , Su L. , Wang L. C. , Ke Y. J. , Yan H. T. , Cheng Z. H.
Published: January 2020

We have investigated the magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effects in polycrystalline GdCoO3 with a low-spin state of Co3+ ion by magnetization and heat capacity measurements. GdCoO3 shows antiferromagnetic ordering due to the Gd3+ magnetic moments below Néel temperature TN = 3.1 K. This compound exhibits a giant magnetocaloric effect around TN. The maximum value of isothermal magnetic entropy change is 39.1 J/kg K, the peak value of adiabatic temperature change is 19.1 K, and the refrigerant capacity is 278 J/kg for a field change of 0–70 kOe around TN. The large magnetocaloric effect is related to the half-filled 4f electronic state of Gd3+ ions. The giant magnetocaloric effect as well as no hysteresis suggest that GdCoO3 could be a potential refrigerant in low-temperature magnetic refrigeration technology.
The convergence of dark tourism and pilgrimage tourism: the case of Phnom Sampeau, Cambodia.
Authors: Tan G. A.
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this chapter is to examine the relationship between dark tourism and pilgrimage tourism and determine whether both are the same. After discussing the convergence of dark tourism and pilgrimage tourism, the chapter focuses on how these phenomena are manifested in a south-east Asian context. Through research using visitor comments on TripAdvisor, the author examines the motivations and experiences of visitors at the 'Killing Caves' at Phnom Sampeau in Battambang, Cambodia, to determine if there were shared dark tourism and pilgrimage tourism motivations.
The sublime darker heritage tourism aspects at St John's Co-Cathedral in Valletta, Malta.
Authors: Munro D.
Published: January 2020

This chapter examines the history and death-/memoria-related architecture and design of St John's Co-Cathedral in Malta. Its death-related art and architecture in the form of human bones and skulls, sepulchral monuments and burial slabs are examined, before discussing the relationship St John's has with dark tourism and pilgrimage.
Lost in the sea of trees: Japan's Aokigahara, suicide and dark tourism.
Authors: Burger A.
Published: January 2020

This chapter discusses the motivations and impulses that draw tourists to Aokigahara or the Suicide Forest in Japan and looks at issues related to individual intents to visit and cultural responses to this dark pilgrimage. Three specific examples of pilgrimage and dark tourism engagement with Aokigahara are considered, including YouTube personality Logan Paul's controversial and now infamous video from within Aokigahara; photographer Tomasz Lazar's photoessay of images of the forest; and Margee Kerr's self-reflective trip into Aokigahara, as chronicled in her 2015 book Scream: Chilling Adventures in the Science of Fear.
Recreating the dead: darkest tourism and pilgrimage in Mormon Handcart pioneer trek re-enactments.
Authors: Hartley-Moore J.
Published: January 2020

This chapter examines how leaders of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints utilize pioneer re-enactment and their dark history to develop collective and individual religious identities among adherents in different parts of the world. The chapter explores a model of how individuals within a global organization use darkest tourism to create identity through recreation and the re-creation of its foundational mythology.
The ten-year anniversary of the civil rights pilgrimage: an experiential exploration into history, diversity, equality and equity.
Authors: Thesing-Ritter J. M. , Caspersen J. R. , Walkowiak N. J. , Jones J. L. , Lewis C. R.
Published: January 2020

This chapter shares a decade of experience and research on the Civil Rights Pilgrimage (CRP) developed at the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire (UW-EC) as an alternative spring break trip. It begins with an overview of relevant literature regarding experiential learning and critical race theory and then discusses the findings of research regarding the lasting impacts of the CRP on past participants. The study illustrates the long-term outcomes of political engagement, perceived level of individual racism, the development of multicultural competence and self-reported lasting impacts of the experience.
'Though I walk through the valley': teaching Richard Wright through experiential learning.
Authors: Hayes J. L.
Published: January 2020

This chapter proposes a potential itinerary to teach the selected works of African-American writer Richard Wright by incorporating the theme of literary pilgrimage to emphasize the connection between travel and liberation. This approach to Wright's work will take students through Paris, Chicago and the South (Natchez and Jackson, Mississippi, as well as Memphis, Tennessee). Selected texts will be paired with locations that are connected to his literary development. The goal is to incorporate co-curricular activities to encourage understanding of the cultural and historical context within which the texts were written. The pilgrimage aspect of the proposed lessons will emphasize the significance of his journey instead of the marginalization Wright experienced in death. This approach seeks to elevate Wright's works and travel by exposing the revolutionary impulse within his literature.
A mass grave and a massacre: encounters with remembrances of death at wounded knee, South Dakota.
Authors: Johannesen D.
Published: January 2020

This chapter compares and contrasts Oglala Lakota perceptions of the Wounded Knee Massacre site and mass grave with tourist experiences to illustrate the challenges that come in trying to resolve how a massacre 'ought' to be remembered. Further, the chapter shows how Wounded Knee emerges as an arguably incomparable example of a dark tourist site in that the experiences tourists have at the sites defy what most tourists expect from a historically significant site. Specifically, tourists making the pilgrimage to Wounded Knee encounter multiple, unstable remembrances of death that challenge temporality, complicate the divisions between local space and tourist space, and spur significant moments of intercultural exchange. In doing so, approximately 200 ratings and reviews submitted by visitors to Wounded Knee on the TripAdvisor website are examined.
Article Commentary: Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic of the Cognitive Enhancer Modafinil: Relevant Clinical and Forensic Aspects
Authors: Sousa Ana , Dinis-Oliveira Ricardo Jorge
Published: January 2020

Modafinil is a nonamphetamine nootropic drug with an increasingly therapeutic interest due to its different sites of action and behavioral effects in comparison to cocaine or amphetamine. A review of modafinil (and of its prodrug adrafinil and its R-enantiomer armodafinil) chemical, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, toxicological, clinical and forensic aspects was performed, aiming to better understand possible health problems associated to its unconscious and unruled use. Modafinil is a racemate metabolized mainly in the liver into its inactive acid and sulfone metabolites, which undergo primarily renal excretion. Although not fully clarified, major effects seem to be associated to inhibition of dopamine reuptake and modulation of several other neurochemical pathways, namely noradrenergic, serotoninergic, orexinergic, histaminergic, glutamatergic and GABAergic. Due its wake-promoting effects, modafinil is used for the treatment of daily sleepiness associated to narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea and shift work sleep disorder. Its psychotropic and cognitive effects are also attractive in several other pathologies and conditions that affect sleep structure, induce fatigue and lethargy, and impair cognitive abilities. Additionally, in health subjects, including students, modafinil is being used off-label to overcome sleepiness, increase concentration and improve cognitive potential. The most common adverse effects associated to modafinil intake are headache, insomnia, anxiety, diarrhea, dry mouth and raise in blood pressure and heart rate. Infrequently, severe dermatologic effects in children, including maculopapular and morbilliform rash, erythema multiforme and Stevens-Johnson Syndrome have been reported. Intoxication and dependence associated to modafinil are uncommon. Further research on effects and health implications of modafinil and its analogs is steel needed to create evidence-based policies.
Regional and Temporal Effects of Naloxone Access Laws on Opioid Overdose Mortality
Authors: Cataife Guido , Dong Jing , Davis Corey S.
Published: January 2020

Background

Naloxone is a drug that reverses opioid overdose. Naloxone Access Laws (NALs) increase public access to naloxone and have been considered as one promising solution to reducing opioid-related harm. However, previous studies on whether NALs are effective in reducing opioid overdose mortality found somewhat contradictory results. Our study attempts to provide a more definitive answer to this question by utilizing an approach that matches NAL vs non-NAL states and stratifies by US region and years of implementation.

Methods

We assess the causal impact of NALs on state-level opioid-related mortality rate by constructing a comparison group using matching to produce a valid counterfactual scenario, and estimating the effects of NAL using a semi-dynamic staggered difference in differences (DID) model that allows heterogeneous effects across regions and years of implementation. State-level opioid-related mortality data from CDC's WONDER database and NALs effective from 1999 to 2014 were utilized.

Results

We find that NAL effects have reduced fatal opioid-related overdose in western states and have produced minimal or no effects for other regions.

Conclusions

The effects of NALs vary across regions and years of implementation. It is important to study the successful experience of the western states.
Considerations on Underground Laboratories
Authors: Ianni Aldo
Published: January 2020

Deep Underground Laboratories are multidisciplinary infrastructures to carry out research on rare events, such as neutrino interactions, proton decay, and dark matter, on geophysics, general relativity, and biology. There are 12 such infrastructures deployed in the north hemisphere. Three new Laboratories are underway, two in the south hemisphere. In the paper some characteristics of the Underground Laboratories are discussed. Synergy between Laboratories is reviewed.
New Dark Matter Search Strategies at DUNE
Authors: Rott Carsten , In Seongjin , Kumar Jason , Yaylali David
Published: January 2020

If dark matter annihilates to light quarks in the core of the Sun, then a flux of 236 MeV neutrinos will be produced from the decay of stopped kaons. We consider strategies for DUNE to not only observe such a signal, but to determine the direction of the neutrino from the hadronic recoil. We show that this novel strategy can provide a better handle on systematic uncertainties associated with dark matter searches.
PeVatron Search Using Radio Measurements of Extensive Air Showers at the South Pole
Authors: Aswathi Balagopal V , Haungs Andreas , Huege Tim , Schröder Frank G
Published: January 2020

The Galactic Center is visible from the South Pole throughout the year, at an inclination of 61°. High energy gamma-rays arriving at the South Pole from this direction, will produce inclined air showers in the atmosphere. Since radio emission of inclined showers leaves a large footprint on the ground, a measurement of the electromagnetic shower component using the radio technique is possible. It is already known that radio detection of air showers helps in the reconstruction of the shower maximum and the energy of the air shower with a very good accuracy. Using radio detectors along with particle detectors enhances the detection accuracy of the air shower events and helps in separating the gamma-ray induced events. IceCube-Gen2, the proposed extension of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, will enhance both the surface and in-ice capabilities of the facility. Ideas for adding surface radio antennas are under discussion in addition to the upgrade and extension of the IceTop surface array using scintillator detectors. While the scintillators will primarily be used for improving the calibration and lowering the veto energy threshold for distinguishing cosmic ray from astrophysical neutrino events, they can also be used with radio antennas to search for photons of PeV energies from the Galactic Center. Using such a setup at the South Pole can help in the identification of the Galactic Center as a PeVatron. In particular, the key for such a search is to use frequencies higher than the standard frequencies used by air-shower radio experiments, which thereby lowers the energy threshold.
Recent results from the ANTARES deep sea neutrino telescope
Authors: Bertin V
Published: January 2020

The ANTARES deep sea neutrino telescope has been continuously taking data for more than ten years. Thanks to its excellent angular resolution in both the muon channel and the cascade channel, ANTARES offers unprecedented sensitivity for neutrino source searches in the Southern sky in the TeV-PeV energy range, so that already valuable constraints have been set on the origin of the cosmic neutrino flux discovered by the IceCube detector. This document highlights recent results obtained by ANTARES in the search for high energy cosmic neutrinos coming from point or extended sources, from multi-messenger analyses of transient sources, and from indirect searches for Dark Matter.
The neutrino mass experiment KATRIN
Authors: Fraenkle F.M.
Published: January 2020

The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment is a large-scale experiment with the objective to determine the effective electron anti-neutrino mass with an unprecedented sensitivity of 0.2 eV/c2 at 90% C.L. in a model-independent way. The measurement method is based on precision β-decay spectroscopy of molecular tritium. The experimental setup consists of a high luminosity windowless gaseous tritium source, a magnetic electron transport system with differential and cryogenic pumping for tritium retention, and an electro-static spectrometer section for energy analysis, followed by a segmented detector system for counting transmitted β-electrons. The experiment was constructed at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology in Germany and is currently in the final commissioning phase before the commencement of tritium operation.

This proceedings will give an overview of the KATRIN experiment and its current status. Furthermore, initial results of recent commissioning measurements of the completed KATRIN beamline will be presented.
Measuring the neutrino mass hierarchy with KM3NeT/ORCA
Authors: Hofestädt Jannik
Published: January 2020

ORCA is the low-energy branch of KM3NeT, the next-generation research infrastructure hosting underwater Cherenkov detectors in the Mediterranean Sea. ORCA’s primary goal is the determination of the neutrino mass hierarchy by measuring the matter- induced modifications on the oscillation probabilities of few-GeV atmospheric neutrinos. The technical design of the ORCA detector foresees a dense configuration of optical modules, optimised for the study of interactions of neutrinos in the energy range of 3–30 GeV. The first ORCA detection string was successfully deployed on 22nd September 2017 and is providing high-quality data since then.

With an instrumented mass of 8 Mton for the full-size ORCA detector, it will be possible to probe with a high-statistics neutrino sample a wide range of energies and baselines through the Earth. This allows to detmerine the neutrino mass hierarchy with 3 σ after 3–4 years of operation, to probe the unitarity assumption of 3-neutrino mixing with a high-statistics measurement of tau-neutrino appearance in the atmospheric neutrino flux, and to improve the measurement precision on other oscillation parameters.
Reactor monitoring with direction-sensitive detectors
Authors: Leyton Michael
Published: January 2020

Nuclear power reactors account for a small fraction of the Earth’s total antineutrino

(

ν
¯

)

luminosity. Past experiments, with baselines between ~10 m and ~1000 km, have successfully measured the rate and spectrum of reactor-born

v
¯

e

S

. Additionally detecting the incident direction of reactor

(

ν
¯

)

luminosity. Past experiments, with baselines between ~10 m and ^1000 km, have successfully measured the rate and spectrum of reactor-born

v
¯

e

S

would constitute an important milestone in the development of reactor monitoring for nuclear non-proliferation since this information could aid in identifying undeclared nuclear reactors. Here we examine the prospects of using low-background, direction-sensitive tracking detectors to remotely monitor nuclear reactors. For an experiment sited at SNOLab, we calculate that an exposure of 56-78 (31-46) tonne-months is needed to detect the flux of

v
¯

e

S

produced by a 3758-MW reactor at a distance of 13 km at 95% (90%) confidence level.
Status of the SoLid experiment: Search for sterile neutrinos at the SCK CEN BR2 reactor
Authors: Manzanillas Luis
Published: January 2020

The reactor antineutrino energy spectra and flux were reevaluated during the preparation of the recent experiments devoted to the measurement of θ13. Consequently some discrepancies between data and the theoretical predictions in reactor antineutrino experiments at short distances were observed when using the new predicted flux and spectra. This problem has been called the Reactor Antineutrino Anomaly (RAA), which together with the gallium anomaly, both show discrepancies with respect to the expectations at the ∼ 3 σ level. Oscillations into a light sterile neutrino state (Δm
2 ~ 1eV2) could account for such deficits. The SoLid experiment has been conceived to give an unambiguous response to the hypothesis of a light sterile neutrino as the origin of the RAA. To this end, SoLid is searching for an oscillation pattern at short baselines (6-9 m) in the energy spectrum of the (math)’s emitted by the SCK • CEN BR2 reactor in Belgium. The detector uses a novel technology, combining PVT (cubes of 5×5×5 cm3) and 6LiF:ZnS (sheets ∼ 250 μm thickness) scintillators. It is highly segmented (modules of 10 planes of 16×16 cubes), and it’s read out by a network of wavelength shifting fibers and SiPMs. The fine segmentation and the hybrid technology of the detector allows the clear identification of the neutrino signals, reducing significantly backgrounds. Thus, a high experimental sensitivity can be achieved. A 288 kg prototype was deployed in 2015, showing the feasibility of the detection principle. A full scale detector (1.6 tons) is currently under construction, the data taking with the first detector modules is expected by the end of 2017. In this proceeding, the status of the construction and the first results of the calibration of the first SoLid planes are presented.
More results from the OPERA experiment
Authors: Mauri N
Published: January 2020

The OPERA experiment reached its main goal by proving the appearance of tau-neutrinos in the CNGS muon-neutrino beam. A total sample of 5 candidates fulfilling the analysis defined in the proposal was detected with a S/B ratio of about ten allowing to reject the null hypothesis with a significance of 5.1 σ. The search was extended to ½
T-like interactions failing the kinematical analysis defined in the experiment proposal, to obtain a statistically enhanced, lower purity, signal sample. One such interesting neutrino interaction showing a double vertex topology with a high probability of being a tau-neutrino interaction with charm production will be reported. Based on the enlarged data sample the estimation of (math) in appearance mode is presented. The search for ½e interactions has been extended over the full data set with a more than twofold increase in statistics with respect to published data. The analysis of the νμ → νe channel is updated and the implications of the electron-neutrino sample in the framework of the 3+1 sterile model is discussed. An analysis of the νμ → ντ
oscillations in the framework of the sterile neutrino model has also been performed.
Investigation of double beta decay of 58Ni at the Modane Underground Laboratory
Authors: Rukhadze E. , Brudanin V.B. , Klimenko A.A. , Piquemal F. , Rukhadze N.I. , Shitov Yu.A. , Štekl I. , Warot G.
Published: January 2020

Investigation of double beta decay processes (β+EC, EC/EC) of 58Ni was performed at the Modane underground laboratory (LSM, France, 4800 m w.e.). A sample of natural nickel, containing ∼68% of 58Ni and a mass of ∼21.7 kg, was measured using ultra low-background HPGe detector Obelix (sensitive volume of 600 cm3) during ∼143.8 days. New experimental limits on 2νβ+EC decay of 58Ni to the ground 0+ and (math), 811 keV excited state of 58Fe, and 2νEC/EC decay of 58Ni to (math), 811 keV and (maht), 1 675 keV excited states of 58Fe were obtained in this measurement. There are -T1/2(β+EC, 0+ → 0+) > 1.7 × 1022 y; (math), (math), (math). For resonant neutrino-less radiative EC/EC decay with energy of 1 918.3 keV a new experimental limit of T1/2
(0νEC/EC – res, 1918KeV) > 4.1 ×1022 y was also obtained. All limits are at 90 % CL.
Search for eV Sterile Neutrinos – The Stereo Experiment
Authors: Schoppmann Stefan
Published: January 2020

In the recent years, major milestones in neutrino physics were accomplished at nuclear reactors: the smallest neutrino mixing angle θ13 was determined with high precision and the emitted antineutrino spectrum was measured at unprecedented resolution. However, two anomalies, the first one related to the absolute flux and the second one to the spectral shape, have yet to be solved. The flux anomaly is known as the Reactor Antineutrino Anomaly and could be caused by the existence of a light sterile neutrino eigenstate participating in the neutrino oscillation phenomenon. Introducing a sterile state implies the presence of a fourth mass eigenstate, while global fits favour oscillation parameters around sin2(2θ) = 0.09 and Δm2 = 1.8eV2.

The Stereo experiment was built to finally solve this puzzle. It is one of the first running experiments built to search for eV sterile neutrinos and takes data since end of 2016 at ILL Grenoble, France. At a short baseline of 10 metres, it measures the antineutrino flux and spectrum emitted by a compact research reactor. The segmentation of the detector in six target cells allows for independent measurements of the neutrino spectrum at multiple baselines. An active-sterile flavour oscillation could be unambiguously detected, as it distorts the spectral shape of each cell’s measurement differently.

This contribution gives an overview on the Stereo experiment, along with details on the detector design, detection principle and the current status of data analysis.
New Results from RENO using 1500 Days of Data
Authors: Seo Seon-Hee
Published: January 2020

RENO (Reactor Experiment for Neutrino Oscillation) is the first reactor neutrino experiment which began data-taking in 2011 with two identical near and far detectors in Yonggwang, Korea. Using 1500 live days of data, sin22θ13 and |Δm2
ee| are updated using spectral measurements: sin22θ13 = 0.086 ± 0.006 (stat.) ± 0.005 (syst.) and |Δm2
ee| = 2.61+015
-016 (stat.) ± 0.09 (syst.) (×10−3 eV2). The correlation between the 5 MeV excess rate and the reactor thermal power is again clearly observed with the increased data set.
Three-flavor neutrino oscillations and beyond
Authors: Tórtola Mariam
Published: January 2020

In this work we summarize the current status of global neutrino oscillation analyses in the three-neutrino framework. We first describe the different data samples included in the global fit, emphasizing the role of each of them in constraining a given set of parameters. Next, we discuss the main improvements obtained thanks to the consideration of the latest experimental data. The status of the yet-unknown parameters, such as the true neutrino mass ordering, the Dirac CP-violating phase and the octant of the atmospheric mixing angle is also commented. Finally, we discuss some scenarios where the measurement of the reactor mixing angle or the CP violation phase could be significantly affected by the presence of neutrino physics beyond the Standard Model.
Supernova Neutrinos at the DUNE Experiment
Authors: Weinstein Amanda
Published: January 2020

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) experiment, a 40-kton underground liquid argon time-projection-chamber detector, will have unique sensitivity to the electron flavor component of a core-collapse supernova neutrino burst. We present the expected capabilities of DUNE for measurements of neutrinos in the few-tens-of-MeV range relevant for supernova detection and its corresponding sensitivity to both neutrino physics and supernova astrophysics. Recent progress and some outstanding issues are highlighted.
The Hyper-K Near Detector Programme
Authors: Wilson Jeanne R.
Published: January 2020

The proposed Hyper-Kamiokande experiment (Hyper-K) is a next generation large water Cherenkov (WC) detector with a broad physics program consisting of neutrino beam measurements in search of leptonic CP violation, astrophysical measurements and a search for proton decay. Hyper-K will act as the far detector to measure the oscillated neutrino flux from the long-baseline beam of 0.6 GeV neutrinos/anti-neutrinos produced by a 1.3 MW proton beam at J-PARC in Japan. To minimise systematic uncertainties, particularly due to flux and cross-section uncertainties, detailed measurements of the unoscillated flux are required with a suite of near detectors. We review the challenges, and present the planned components of the near detector measurement suite, including a new intermediate Water Cherenkov Detector.
MiniBooNE-DM: a dark matter search in a proton beam dump
Authors: Aguilar-Arevalo Alexis A.
Published: January 2020

In a dedicated run where protons from the Fermilab Booster were delivered directly to the steel beam dump of the Booster Neutrino Beamline (BNB), the MiniBooNE detector was used to search for the production of sub-GeV dark matter particles via vector-boson mediators. The signal searched for was the elastic scattering of dark matter particles off nucleons in the detector mineral oil, with neutrinos being an irreducible background. A review of the experiment, its analysis methods, its results and future perspectives are summarized, demonstrating that beam dump experiments provide a novel and promising approach to dark matter searches.
DAMIC at SNOLAB
Authors: Chavarria A. E.
Published: January 2020

This report presents the past results, current status and future plans for DAMIC: a search for low-mass dark matter particles with low-noise CCDs. We summarize the extensive laboratory efforts on the characterization of the CCDs and the calibration of their response to potential dark matter signals and radioactive backgrounds. Recent results include exclusion limits on the spin-independent scattering of WIMPs with silicon nuclei and on the absorption of eV-scale hidden-photon dark matter by valence electrons. A 40 g 7-CCD array started operation in February 2017 and data acquisition is ongoing, with results expected in 2018. We outline the future plans for DAMIC-1K, a 1kg 50-CCD array with an ionization threshold of 2 e−.
The KDK (potassium decay) experiment
Authors: Di Stefano P.C.F. , Brewer N. , Fijałkowska A. , Gai Z. , Goetz K.C. , Grzywacz R. , Hamm D. , Lechner P. , Liu Y. , Lukosi E. , Mancuso M. , Melcher C. , Ninkovic J. , Petricca F. , Rasco A. C. , Rouleau C. , Rykaczewski K.P. , Squillari P. , Stand L. , Stracener D. , Stukel M. , WoliĔska-Cichocka M. , Yavin I.
Published: January 2020

Potassium-40 (40K) is a background in many rare-event searches and may well play a role in interpreting results from the DAMA dark-matter search. The electron-capture decay of 40K to the ground state of 40 Ar has never been measured and contributes an unknown amount of background. The KDK (potassium decay) collaboration will measure this branching ratio using a 40K source, an X-ray detector, and the Modular Total Absorption Spectrometer at Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
Low-mass WIMP searches with the EDELWEISS experiment
Authors: Gascon J.
Published: January 2020

The EDELWEISS experiment is a direct search for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMP) dark matter using an array of twenty-four 860 g cryogenic germanium detectors equipped with a full charge and thermal signal readout. The experiment is located in the ultra-low radioactivity environment of the Modane underground laboratory in the Frejus tunnel. WIMP limits, background rejection factors and measurements of cosmogenic activation recorded in long exposures are used to assess the performance of the third generation of EDELWEISS detectors in view of the search for WIMPs in the mass range from 1 to 20 GeV/c2. The developments in progress to pursue this goal in the coming years are also presented.
A method to reanalyze Dark Matter experimental results in different theoretical scenarios
Authors: Giuliani F.
Published: January 2020

There are a number of papers that calculate how the limits or positive results of current experiments would be if some specific twist is applied to the standard interpretation framework (e.g., SI interactions with fp
= fn). These works are usually not performed by members of the experiments, and therefore make very simple assumptions on experimental details like efficiencies. Nevertheless, it is possible to retain this type of information without actually knowing it, by starting from the final exclusion plots and working backwards. This possibility is discussed and exemplified.
CDEX Dark Matter Experiment: Status and Prospects
Authors: Ma Hao , Chen Yang , Yue Qian , Wang Li , Xue Tao , Zeng Zhi , Kang Kejun , Cheng Jianping , Li Yuanjing , Li Jianmin , Li Yulan
Published: January 2020

The China Dark Matter Experiment (CDEX) aims at direct searches of light Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory (CJPL) with an overburden of about 2400m rock. Results from a prototype CDEX-1 994 g p-type Point Contact Germanium(pPCGe) detector are reported. Research programs are pursued to further reduce the physics threshold by improving hardware and data analysis. The CDEX-10 experiment with a pPCGe array of 10 kg target mass range is being tested. The evolution of CDEX program into “CDEX-1T Experiment” with ton-scale germanium detector arrays will also be introduced in this study.
Solar axion search by annual modulation with XMASS-I detector
Authors: Ichimura Koichi
Published: January 2020

Kaluza-Klein (KK) axions produced in the Sun have been proposed to explain several astrophysical anomalies. We searched for the decay of such solar KK axions using 832 × 359 kg • days XMASS-I data. No significant event rate modulation is found, and we set the first experimental constraint on KK axion photon-coupling of 4.8 × 10“12 GeV−1 for a KK axion number density of (math) = 4.07 × 1013 m3 at 90% C.L.
Energy response and position reconstruction in the DEAP-3600 dark matter experiment
Authors: Langrock Stefanie
Published: January 2020

DEAP-3600 is a dark matter WIMP (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles) search experiment, which aims to detect nuclear recoils from WIMP scattering in a liquid argon target. At WIMP masses of 100 GeV, DEAP-3600 has a projected sensitivity of 10−46 cm2 for the spin-independent elastic scattering cross section of WIMPs. The beta emissions from the intrinsic 39 Ar present in the natural Ar target, as well as external calibration sources, can be used to tune the energy calibration and position reconstruction in the energy region of interest (ROI) for WIMP signals. These proceedings will present the techniques used to determine the energy response and position reconstruction in DEAP-3600. Using these techniques, the light yield was found to be LY = (math) (fit syst.) ± 0.22(SPE syst.) PE/keVee with a fiducial mass for WIMP detection of 2 223 ± 74 kg for the first data set.