bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The in vivo disposition and in vitro transmembrane transport of two model radiometabolites of DOTA‐conjugated receptor‐specific peptides labelled with 177Lu
Authors: Volková Marie , Mandíková Jana , Bárta Pavel , Navrátilová Lucie , Lázníčková Alice , Trejtnar František
Published: November 2015

In vivo metabolism of the radiolabelled receptor‐specific peptides has been described; however, information regarding the pharmacokinetic behaviour of the degradation products within the body is very scarce. The present study was designed to obtain new knowledge on the disposition and elimination of low‐molecular radiometabolites of receptor‐specific peptides in the organism and to reveal the potential involvement of selected membrane transport mechanisms in the cellular uptake of radiometabolites, especially in the kidney. The study compared pharmacokinetics of two radiometabolites: a final metabolite of somatostatin analogues, 177Lu‐DOTA‐DPhe, and a tripeptide metabolite of 177Lu‐DOTA‐minigastrin 11, 177Lu‐DOTA‐DGlu‐Ala‐Tyr. Their pharmacokinetics was compared with that of respective parent 177Lu‐radiopeptide. Both radiometabolites exhibited relative rapid clearing from most body tissues in rats in vivo along with predominant renal excretion. The long‐term renal retention of the smaller radiometabolite 177Lu‐DOTA‐DPhe was lower than that of 177Lu‐DOTA‐DGlu‐Ala‐Tyr. An uptake of 177Lu‐DOTA‐DPhe by human renal influx transporter organic cation transporter 2 was found in vitro in a cellular model. The study brings the first experimental data on the in vivo pharmacokinetics of radiometabolites of receptor‐specific somatostatin and gastrin analogues. The found results may indicate a negative correlation between the degree of decomposition of the parent peptide chain and the renal retention of the metabolite.
An improved synthesis of [26‐2H3]castasterone
Authors: Zhabinskii Vladimir N. , Gulyakevich Olga V. , Kurman Peter V. , Shabunya Polina S. , Fatykhava Svetlana A. , Khripach Vladimir A.
Published: November 2015

Commercially available epicastasterone has been employed as a starting material for the preparation of [26‐2H3]castasterone. The chemical synthesis has been realized in 13 chemical steps and 4.6% total yield. The target compound is intended to be used as internal standard for the quantitative analysis of brassinosteroids.
Contribution of amygdala pathology to comorbid emotional disturbances in temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Yilmazer‐Hanke Deniz , O'Loughlin Elaine , McDermott Kieran
Published: November 2015

The amygdala contributes to the generation and propagation of epileptiform activity in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Ictal symptoms such as fear, dreamy states (déjà vu, memory flashbacks, experiential hallucinations), epigastric auras, or sympathetic outflow with cardiovascular changes are often linked to a seizure focus in the amygdala. However, the amygdala may also play a role in comorbid anxiety, depression, and other psychiatric symptoms experienced in the interictal phase, especially in pharmacoresistant TLE. The few studies available on TLE‐related alterations in surgical amygdala specimens indicate loss of both excitatory spiny projection neurons as well as interneurons in nuclei with a cortex‐like architecture, which may influence mechanisms of feedforward and feedback inhibition. Studies of the human amygdala indicate global alterations in the density of AMPA/kainate, metabotropic glutamate, γ‐aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA), muscarinic M2 and M3, serotonergic 5‐HT1A, and adrenergic α1 receptors. Also, amygdala GABAergic and neuropeptide Y (NPY) systems affected in human TLE are both involved in antiepileptic and anxiolytic effects. Experimental and human positron emission tomography studies indicate changes in amygdala serotonergic, NPY Y1 receptor, neurokinin, and opioid systems in emotional disturbances in TLE. Of particular interest is the reduction in amygdala volume in conjunction with ictal fear, seizure focus in the amygdala, and amygdala and hippocampal sclerosis in TLE patients. In contrast, patients with interictal depression often have an intact or even enlarged amygdala and a negative MRI associated with amygdala hypometabolism, which can be associated with limbic autoimmune encephalitis. These findings suggest a differential role of TLE‐related amygdala changes in ictal and interictal emotional disturbances. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Production of wheat gluten hydrolysates with reduced antigenicity employing enzymatic hydrolysis combined with downstream unit operations
Authors: Merz Michael , Kettner Lucas , Langolf Emma , Appel Daniel , Blank Imre , Stressler Timo , Fischer Lutz
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUND

Due to allergies or other health disorders a certain segment of the population is not able to safely consume some plant proteins, which are the main protein support in human nutrition. Coeliac disease is a prominent autoimmune disorder and requires a strict adherence to a gluten‐free diet. The aim of this study was to identify suitable combinations of enzymatic hydrolysis and common unit operations in food processing (centrifugation, ultra‐filtration) to produce gluten‐free wheat gluten hydrolysates for food application. To analyse the hydrolysates, a simple and cheap competitive ELISA protocol was designed and validated in this study as well.

RESULTS

The competitive ELISA was validated using gliadin spiked skim milk protein hydrolysates, due to the latter application of the assay. The limit of quantification was 4.19 mg kg−1, which allowed the identification of gluten‐free (<20 mg kg−1) hydrolysates. Enzymatic hydrolysis, including the type of peptidase, and the downstream processing greatly affected the antigenicity of the hydrolysates.

CONCLUSION

Enzymatic hydrolysis and downstream processing operations, such as centrifugation and ultra‐filtration, reduced the antigenicity of wheat gluten hydrolysates. Gluten‐free hydrolysates were obtained with Flavourzyme after centrifugation (25 g L−1 substrate) and after 1 kDa ultra‐filtration (100 g L−1 substrate). A multiple peptidase complex, such as Flavourzyme, seems to be required for the production of gluten‐free hydrolysates. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Inhibition of lipid oxidation in frozen farmed ovate pompano (Trachinotus ovatus L.) fillets stored at −18 °C by chitosan coating incorporated with citric acid or licorice extract
Authors: Qiu Xujian , Chen Shengjun , Liu Guangming , Lin Hong
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUND

Lipid oxidation can occur in fish fillets during long‐term frozen storage and cause quality and nutrition loss, which is a major concern in the seafood industry. Our previous study showed that chitosan combined with citric acid or licorice extract can have a preserving effect on fresh fish fillets stored at 4 °C. It is of interest to further study their antioxidant effects on fish fillets during frozen storage.

RESULTS

Chitosan, chitosan and citric acid, chitosan and licorice extract can inhibit primary and secondary lipid oxidation, as indicated by lower peroxide value (PV) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values compared to the control samples. In addition, drip loss was decreased in the treatment samples. Both citric acid and licorice extract enhanced the antioxidant effects of chitosan. Among all the three treatments, chitosan and licorice extract showed the best antioxidant effects, reducing both PV and TBARS significantly at the end of storage.

CONCLUSION

The combination of chitosan and citric acid or licorice extract showed significant antioxidant effects on ovate pompano fillets at −18 °C during 6 months of storage. They could be applied as natural antioxidant preservatives for use in seafood products or other meat products. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Approach to en bloc resection and reconstruction of primary masticator space malignancies
Authors: Castro Jerry , Likhterov Ilya , Mehra Saral , Bassiri‐Tehrani Michael , Scherl Sophie , Clain Jason , Buchbinder Daniel , Urken Mark L.
Published: November 2015

Objectives/Hypothesis

The aim of this study was to present our experience with management of malignant lesions arising within the masticator space, and to describe a technique of en bloc resection and reconstruction.

Study Design

Case series and case report.

Methods

Eight cases of masticator space malignancies treated surgically with en bloc resection and free flap reconstruction were retrospectively reviewed.

Results

Tumor extirpation was carried out through a parotidectomy approach with mobilization and protection of the facial nerve. Primary reconstruction was accomplished with vascularized bone containing free flaps, fibula (n = 4), scapula (n = 2), and scapula with latissimus dorsi muscle (n = 2). Mean follow‐up was 62.5 months (range, 18–132 months).

Conclusions

En bloc resection of masticator space malignancies can be consistently accomplished through an extended parotidectomy approach. The defect is best reconstructed with a vascularized bone and soft tissue free flap. Favorable functional and aesthetic outcomes can be successfully achieved using the techniques described in this series.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 126:372–377, 2016
Serial full‐thickness excision of dysplastic vocal fold leukoplakia: Diagnostic or therapeutic?
Authors: Ahn Annie , Wang Li , Slaughter James C. , Nguyen Amy M. , Ossoff Robert H. , Francis David O.
Published: November 2015

Objectives/Hypothesis

A previous study proposed that serial full‐thickness excisional biopsies of vocal fold leukoplakia therapeutically decreased dysplasia grade. The current investigation aimed to 1) analyze the pathological evolution and natural history of these lesions and 2) re‐examine the role of serial excisions in dysplasia grade regression in long‐term follow‐up.

Study Design

Retrospective case series.

Methods

Patients treated for vocal fold dysplasia (1994–2013) with serial full‐thickness microflap‐type excisions were identified and followed longitudinally. Excluded were those with one excision, invasive cancer at initial excision, or history of laryngeal cancer or radiation. Data from surgical procedures, associated pathology, and patient characteristics were recorded. Weighted repeated measures ordinal logistic regression measured associations with pathology findings.

Results

Of 55 patients (median age = 65 years, interquartile range = 54–73 years, 89% male, 63% ever smokers, 27% alcohol users), 31 met inclusion criteria. During the study period, patients had two to 44 excisions, with a median time between excisions of 4.0 months. Each additional excision increased odds of higher‐grade pathology by 4% (odds ratio = 1.04, 95% confidence interval = 1.01‐1.06; P = .007). A transition model demonstrated that patients with moderate dysplasia, severe dysplasia, or carcinoma in situ on a prior biopsy had 2.64‐, 5.64‐, and 8.73‐times increased odds of the same or higher pathology grade at the next excision, respectively.

Conclusions

Data do not support the hypothesis that serial full‐thickness excisions decrease dysplasia grade. Progression of dysplasia appears to be nonlinear, but higher‐grade dysplasia is more likely to progress to malignancy.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 126:923–927, 2016
Personal characteristics of residents may predict competency improvement
Authors: Park EunMi , Ha Patrick K. , Eisele David W. , Francis Howard W. , Kim Young J.
Published: November 2015

Objectives/Hypothesis

We hypothesized that personal characteristics of residents may affect how well competency is attained in a surgical residency. To this end, we examined two concepts of global trait emotional intelligence and learner autonomy profile and their factor relationship with competency outcomes in a residency program in otolaryngology–head and neck surgery.

Study Design

A cohort study prospectively gathered competency change scores for 1 year and retrospectively analyzed the factor associations.

Methods

We measured two personal characteristics using the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire‐Short Form and Learner Autonomy Profile‐Short Form between 2013 and 2014 in a tertiary otolaryngology–head and neck residency program. We prospectively examined faculty‐rated resident competency scores monitored in the same time period and correlated the personal attributes with cumulative competency improvement scores. Statistical analyses included factor correlations and univariate regression.

Results

With a response rate of 64% (N = 16/25), we identified two statically significant predictors of competency improvement outcome attained by the end of the year. Regression analyses showed that emotionality factor of global trait emotional intelligence (P = .04) and learner autonomy profile (P < .01) were significant predictors for the higher improvement of aggregate competency outcome.

Conclusions

Personal factors of individual residents can affect their improvement of overall competency. Practicing competency‐based education should, therefore, include assessing individual resident factors as well as teaching clinical knowledge and technical skills.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 126:1746–1752, 2016
Late complications after percutaneous tracheostomy and oral intubation: Evaluation of 1,628 procedures
Authors: Storm Benjamin , Dybwik Knut , Nielsen Erik Waage
Published: November 2015

Objectives/Hypothesis

In large international studies, upper airway–related stenosis, granulomas, malacias, and laryngeal nerve palsies following percutaneous tracheostomy have an estimated incidence of 6% to 31%. The incidence following prolonged oral intubation is estimated to be 10% to 22%. The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence of late complications in our unit.

Study Design

Retrospective search of a single‐unit intensive care patient population.

Methods

Patient records for a defined period were searched using a predefined search string, identifying those who received invasive mechanical ventilation and split in subgroups by orotracheal tube or tracheostomy tube. This search was cross‐linked with the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision (ICD‐10) codes associated with recognized complications (J38.0, J38.3,J38.6, J38.7, J39.8, J39.9, J95.0, J95.5, J95.8, J95.9, J99, R04.8,S27.5).

Results

During the period January 1, 1997 to December 31, 2013, 32,852 patients were admitted to the intensive care unit. Of these, 1,620 patients received invasive mechanical ventilation. Out of this group, 519 had a tracheostomy and 1,109 were orally intubated. Four tracheostomized and zero orotracheally intubated patients had ICD‐10 codes related to complications. From the patient records it became clear that three of four patients with tracheostomy had airway symptoms before being tracheostomized, and the fourth patient had her tracheostomy following a postintubation airway stenosis.

Conclusions

Spanning a 17‐year period, our study did not show any long‐term symptomatic upper airway complications following tracheostomy and only one following orotracheal intubation. This contrasts the internationally estimated incidence.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 126:1077–1082, 2016
Thyroplasty in the previously irradiated neck: A case series and short‐term outcomes
Authors: White James R. , Orbelo Diana M. , Noel Daniel B. , Pittelko Rebecca L. , Maragos Nicolas E. , Ekbom Dale C.
Published: November 2015

Objectives/Hypothesis

External beam radiation to the neck is widely considered a contraindication for thyroplasty due to concern for infection and implant extrusion. We present a case series of our experience regarding thyroplasty performed in a previously radiated field.

Study Design

Retrospective case study at a tertiary academic referral center.

Methods

Using the institution's clinical notes search tool, records from 1999 through 2014 documenting thyroplasty and radiation were identified and reviewed. Patients who received external beam radiation to the operative field prior to thyroplasty were included. Data including duration of radiation, timing and specifics of thyroplasty, postoperative complications, risk factors, clinical voice outcomes, and length of follow‐up were collected.

Results

Fourteen patients met criteria for the study. Of all thyroplasty performed, 11 were Silastic implants, two were Gore‐Tex implants, six had concurrent arytenoid adduction, and one was a midline type II thyroplasty. In terms of risk factors for postoperative complications, two were diabetic, none were active smokers, and one had a splenectomy. All patients were given postoperative antibiotics. The median duration of follow‐up after surgery was 14.2 months. No patients were found to have postoperative complications. Pre‐ and postoperative voice data were assessed. Overall, there was improvement in voice outcomes.

Conclusions

Thyroplasty may be an option for patients who have previously undergone external beam radiation. Short‐term and intermediate outcomes in our patients showed no postoperative complications, and generally voice or dysphagia improved. Careful selection is still warranted when considering thyroplasty in a previously irradiated neck, and long‐term outcomes need further study.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 126:1849–1853, 2016
Breast reconstruction with the deep inferior epigastric perforator flap is a reliable alternative in slim patients
Authors: Mani Maria , Wang Tim , Harris Paul , JAMES Stuart
Published: November 2015

Introduction

For slim patients eligible to breast reconstruction, clinical concerns exist on availability of adequate amount of donor tissue to restore breast volume and challenges in donor‐site closure, when using the deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap. The purpose of the current study is to analyze whether the DIEP flap can provide adequate volume for breast reconstruction in slim patients, without increased complication rates or prolonged hospital stay.

Patients and methods

All patients receiving a unilateral DIEP breast reconstruction at the center 2007‐2010 were included (n = 171). The patients were analyzed in subgroups of delayed and immediate reconstruction and of BMI. Complications were analyzed according to Clavien‐Dindo. Flap weight was compared to mastectomy specimen weight among immediate reconstructions (n = 91).

Results

There was no difference in specimen to flap weight ratio between the different BMI‐groups (BMI <25, 25‐29.9 and >30: 0.81, 0.87 and 0.96 respectively, P = 0.360. Overall complication rate was 43.1% (BMI <25); 43.0% (BMI 25‐29.9): and 70.0% (BMI >30) (P = 0.018). The results were similar for both the immediate and the delayed reconstructions. Length of hospital stay was similar in the different BMI groups. Delayed donor‐site healing was higher in patients with BMI <25; 17.2%, compared to patients with BMI 25‐29.9; 11.8%, but lower than for patients with BMI >30; 29.7% (P = 0.033).

Conclusion

The DIEP flap provides adequate volume for unilateral breast reconstruction in slim patients, both in immediate and delayed settings. However, in delayed reconstructions slim patients need to be informed about the increased risk of donor‐site complications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 36:552–558, 2016.
Modeling arbitrary crack propagation in coupled shell/solid structures with X‐FEM
Authors: Zeng Qinglei , Liu Zhanli , Xu Dandan , Wang Heng , Zhuang Zhuo
Published: November 2015

In this paper, the extended finite element method (X‐FEM) formulation for the modeling of arbitrary crack propagation in coupled shell/solid structures is developed based on the large deformation continuum‐based (CB) shell theory. The main features of the new method are as follows: (1) different kinematic equations are derived for different fibers in CB shell elements, including the fibers enriched by shifted jump function or crack tip functions and the fibers cut into two segments by the crack surface or connecting with solid elements. So the crack tip can locate inside the element, and the crack surface is not necessarily perpendicular to the middle surface. (2) The enhanced CB shell element is developed to realize the seamless transition of crack propagation between shell and solid structures. (3) A revised interaction integral is used to calculate the stress intensity factor (SIF) for shells, which avoids that the auxiliary fields for cracks in Mindlin–Reissner plates cannot satisfy exactly the equilibrium equations. Several numerical examples, including the calculation of SIF for the cracked plate under uniform bending and crack propagation between solid and shell structures are presented to demonstrate the performance of the developed method. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Frequencies of Rare Incisor Variations Reflect Factors Influencing Precontact Population Relationships in Mexico and the American Southwest
Authors: Edgar H. J. H. , Willermet C. , Ragsdale C. S. , O'Donnell A. , Daneshvari S.
Published: November 2015

Mexican prehistory is characterized by migration and population isolation in its earliest phase, followed by later inter‐population cultural interactions, such as politics and trade. While shared, common morphological variants are often informative about recent population events, rare trait variants have not been widely investigated to see whether they might be informative about earlier events. Here, we consider populations that show several rare variants at frequencies high enough to warrant such an investigation. Examining past population structure can help us understand population interactions across different periods of time, levels of migration, and population isolation/drift. Multiple‐origin populations may have more variation, including more and higher rates of rare traits. We examined maxillary lateral incisors in 1117 dentitions from 76 samples of Preclassic/Classic and Postclassic pre‐European contact Mexico and the American Southwest for the prevalence of rare lateral incisor variants. Variants observed included barrel, congenital absence, interruption groove, mesial marginal bending, peg, reduced, supernumerary, and talon teeth. The most common variant overall is interruption groove. Central Mexico, Huasteca, and the Lowland Yucatan region samples present the highest overall number of incisor variants. Higher frequencies of single unusual traits are commonly found in samples from smaller populations, while samples from larger population centres show a greater range of these rare variants. We investigated to see whether the pattern of rare incisor variant frequencies reflected early or later population history by comparing similarity/distance matrices and factor model matrices using Mantel tests and Generalized Procrustes analysis. Results show a weak relationship with the Postclassic period and shared migration/language and trade interaction models. We suggest that later cultural interactions have acted to mask earlier population history. Research on serial founder effects should be approached multiregionally and across time, to avoid missing inter‐region biological relationships. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of cellulose nanowhiskers on the properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)/graphene nanoplatelets nanocomposites
Authors: Liu Yueyue , Liu Dongyan , Sui Guoxin
Published: November 2015

Cellulose nanowhisker (CNW) is a kind of ideal reinforcing filler due to its biodegradability and renewability together with superior mechanical properties. CNW hybridization with graphene nanoplatelet (GN) incorporated into poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films were produced by ultrasonication mixing prior to solution casting. CNW showed positive effects on the PVA/GN composite films, which improved the dispersion of GN and refined GN by replacing partial GN with CNW in PVA/GN composite films. The addition of CNW effectively prevented the aggregation of GN in PVA matrices during the evaporation of water. Lateral size of GN is reduced by replacement of 0.1 and 0.4 wt% GN with an equivalent amount of CNW. The grain size of PVA decreased from 3.2 nm for PVA‐0.5%GN to 2.8–3.1 nm for PVA/CNW/GN composite films. Young's modulus, tensile strength, and elongation at break of PVA/GN composite films increased by 12%, 13%, and 150% when 0.1 wt% GN was replaced by CNW, respectively. The glass transition temperature moved from 30.6°C for pure PVA to 40.4°C for PVA/CNW/GN composite and the storage modulus of composite increased by 93%. With only 0.1%CNW addition, the swelling ratio of PVA‐0.5%GN composites decreased by 15% and the conductivity of PVA‐0.5%GN composites increase by 156%. The PVA‐based composite with improved water resistance and electrical conductivity are potential for functional applications in the industrial field. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:E98–E107, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Hybrids formed between polyvinylpyrrolidone and an A3B porphyrin dye: behaviour in aqueous solutions and chemical response to CO2 presence
Authors: Fagadar‐Cosma Eugenia , Tarabukina Elena , Zakharova Natalia , Birdeanu Mihaela , Taranu Bogdan , Palade Anca , Creanga Ionela , Lascu Anca , Fagadar‐Cosma Gheorghe
Published: November 2015

This study reports the incorporation of an A3B mixed functionalized porphyrin, namely 5‐(4‐pyridyl)‐10,15,20‐tris(4‐phenoxyphenyl)porphyrin (PyTPOPP), into polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), a biocompatible polymer, with the purpose of preparing water‐soluble polymer–dye (PVP‐PyTPOPP) hybrids. The hybrids were obtained in two variants, differing by molar ratios, and their molecular characteristics and aggregation in dilute aqueous solutions were investigated using static and dynamic light scattering and analytical ultracentrifugation methods. The hybrids were characterized using 1H NMR, UV‐visible and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A study of the influence of acidic media on the electronic spectra was carried out, evidencing the similar behaviour of the hybrids and the bare porphyrin. The interaction between CO2 and the PVP‐PyTPOPP hybrids was studied using UV‐visible spectroscopy and a continuous hypochromic response of the Soret band in direct relationship with increased CO2 concentration was noticed. Based on the UV‐visible spectral differences between the PVP‐PyTPOPP hybrids in acidic media and during CO2 exposure, we can presume that the mechanism of CO2 detection is not based on pH changes of the solution but on chemisorption phenomena which modify the surface properties as confirmed by TEM and AFM. These porphyrin–PVP hybrid nanomaterials offer the possibility for achieving optical and colorimetric sensors for monitoring CO2 and are also promising for biomedical applications. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Unbalanced tree‐formed verification data for trusted platforms
Authors: Fu Donglai , Peng Xinguang , Yang Yuli
Published: November 2015

Validation is an alternative approach to the establishment of the trust between two or more entities. The validation allows a challenger to evaluate the trustworthiness of an attesting system based on provided evidence. Early attempts show the evidence is always organized in a linear structure or a balanced tree. These methods, however, are not optimal when facing a complex system and privacy issues. In particular, the Stored Measurement Log (SML) to record the execution history of the attesting system brings efficiency, scalability and privacy problems. We attempt to mitigate them through a new algorithm that uses an unbalanced tree to manage the SML. Leaves represent measurement values of components, and the root is protected by platform configuration registers, which is the same as the balanced tree. The location of each node, however, is constantly mutative until the probability distribution of all components tends towards stabilization. The greater the probability of the leaf is, the closer it is to the root, which benefits the validation. We build a prototype program that is developed through the Trusted Platform Module emulator 0.7. We touch on some mechanisms to reduce the size of the tree and avoid privacy leak. Finally, we perform an in‐depth analysis of the validation efficiency, and present the impression of the time complexity of the measurement. Results show that the validation obtains the logarithmic speed‐up (O((n/N)lb(n))) and that the time complexity of the measurement process is also acceptable. Besides, our scheme demonstrates advantages in privacy protection and scalability. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A fast algorithm for constructing nearly optimal prefix codes
Authors: Osorio Roberto R. , González Patricia
Published: November 2015

Huffman algorithm allows for constructing optimal prefix‐codes with O(n·logn) complexity. As the number of symbols ngrows, so does the complexity of building the code‐words. In this paper, a new algorithm and implementation are proposed that achieve nearly optimal coding without sorting the probabilities or building a tree of codes. The complexity is proportional to the maximum code length, making the algorithm especially attractive for large alphabets. The focus is put on achieving almost optimal coding with a fast implementation, suitable for real‐time compression of large volumes of data. A practical case example about checkpoint files compression is presented, providing encouraging results. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Re: Cardiac axis shift within the cardiac cycle of normal fetuses and fetuses with congenital heart defect. Y. Zhao, S. Abuhamad, E. Sinkovskaya, M. Mlynarczyk, L. Romary and A. Abuhamad. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015; 46: 558–563.
Authors: Hornberger L. K.
Published: November 2015

Linked Comment: Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015; 46: 558–563
A New Solvothermal Synthetic Route Yields the New Thio­stannate [La(dien)3]2[Sn2S6]Cl2
Authors: Pienack Nicole , Lühmann Henning , Näther Christian , Bensch Wolfgang
Published: November 2015

Applying a new synthesis protocol with cystamine dihydrochloride as sulfur source we were able to synthesize the new compound [La(dien)3]2[Sn2S6]Cl2 (1) (dien = diethylenetriamine) under solvothermal conditions. Under these conditions the S–S bond of the cystamine molecule is cleaved generating the S2– anions. The title compound is formed via an intermediate, (dienH)2Sn3S7, which reacts to the final product at longer reaction times. The structure crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n and is composed of two ninefold coordinated [La(dien)3]3+complexes, one [Sn2S6]4– anion, and two Cl– anions. The Hirshfeld surface analysis reveals a large number of intermolecular interactions including S···H and Cl···H bonding.
Bile Duct Injuries Associated With 55,134 Cholecystectomies: Treatment and Outcome from a National Perspective
Authors: Rystedt Jenny , Lindell Gert , Montgomery Agneta
Published: November 2015

Background

Bile duct injury (BDI) is a rare complication associated with cholecystectomy, and recommendations for treatment are based on publications from referral centers with a selection of major injuries and failures after primary repair. The aim was to analyze the frequency, treatment, and outcome of BDIs in an unselected population‐based cohort.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study including all BDIs registered in GallRiks (Swedish quality register for gallstone surgery and ERCP) during 2007–2011. Data for this study were based on a national follow‐up survey where medical records were scrutinized and BDIs classified according to the Hannover classification.

Results

A total of 174 BDIs arising from 55,134 cholecystectomies (0.3 %) identified at 60 hospitals were included with a median follow‐up of 37 months (9–69). 155 BDIs (89 %) were detected during cholecystectomy, and immediate repair was attempted in 140 (90 %). A total of 27 patients (18 %) were referred to a HPB referral center. Hannover Grade C1 (i.e., small lesion <5 mm) dominated (n = 102; 59 %). The most common repair was “suture over T‐tube” (n = 78; 45 %) and reconstruction with hepaticojejunostomy was performed in 30 patients (17 %). A total of 31 patients (18 %) were diagnosed with stricture, 19 of which were primarily repaired with “suture over T‐tube.” The median in‐hospital‐stay was 14 days (1–149).

Conclusions

The majority of BDIs were detected during the cholecystectomy and repaired by the operating surgeon. Although this is against most current recommendations, short‐term outcome was surprisingly good.
Quality of life and participation in daily life of adults with Pompe disease receiving enzyme replacement therapy: 10 years of international follow‐up
Authors: Güngör Deniz , Kruijshaar Michelle E. , Plug Iris , Rizopoulos Dimitris , Kanters Tim A. , Wens Stephan C. A. , Reuser Arnold J. J. , van Doorn Pieter A. , van der Ploeg Ans T.
Published: November 2015

Background

Pompe disease is an inheritable metabolic disorder for which enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) has been available since 2006. Effects of ERT have been shown on distance walked, pulmonary function and survival. We investigated whether it also improves quality of life and participation in daily life in adult patients with the disease.

Methods

In an international survey, we assessed quality of life (Short Form 36, SF‐36) and participation (Rotterdam Handicap Scale, RHS) annually between 2002 and 2012. Repeated measurements mixed effects models were used to describe the data over time.

Results

Responses were available for 174 adult patients. In the periods before and after start of ERT, the median follow‐up times were 4 years each (range 0.5‐8). The SF‐36 Physical Component Summary measure (PCS) deteriorated before ERT (‐0.73 score points per year (sp/y); CI 95 % ‐1.07 to ‐0.39), while it improved in the first 2 years of ERT (1.49 sp/y; CI 0.76 to 2.21), and remained stable thereafter. The Mental Component Summary measure (MCS) remained stable before and during ERT. After declining beforehand (‐0.49 sp/year; CI ‐0.64 to‐0.34), the RHS stabilized under ERT.

Conclusion

In adult patients with Pompe disease, ERT positively affects quality of life and participation in daily life. Our results reinforce previous findings regarding the effect of ERT on muscle strength, pulmonary function and survival.
Practical applicability of landiolol, an ultra‐short‐acting β1‐selective blocker, for rapid atrial and ventricular tachyarrhythmias with left ventricular dysfunction
Authors: Wada Yuko , Aiba Takeshi , Tsujita Yasuyuki , Itoh Hideki , Wada Mitsuru , Nakajima Ikutaro , Ishibashi Kohei , Okamura Hideo , Miyamoto Koji , Noda Takashi , Sugano Yasuo , Kanzaki Hideaki , Anzai Toshihisa , Kusano Kengo , Yasuda Satoshi , Horie Minoru , Ogawa Hisao
Published: November 2015

Background

Landiolol effectively controls rapid heart rate in atrial fibrillation or flutter (AF/AFL) patients with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. However, predicting landiolol Responders and Non‐Responders and patients who will experience adverse effects remains a challenge. The aim of this study was to clarify the potential applicability of landiolol for rapid AF/AFL and refractory ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VTs) in patients with heart failure.

Methods

A total of 39 patients with AF/AFL with ventricular response ≥120 bpm and 12 VTs were retrospectively enrolled. Landiolol Responders for rapid AF/AFL were defined as patients whose ventricular response was suppressed to less than 110 bpm or decreased by ≥20% from the initial heart rate after administration of landiolol. Responders for VTs were defined as patients with no recurrent VTs during the 24 h after the initiation of landiolol.

Results

For AF/AFL, 29 patients (74%) were Responders. In nine patients (31%), AF was spontaneously terminated after starting landiolol. Eight Non‐Responders (80%) needed to have AF terminated by cardioversion. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at baseline was significantly associated with landiolol efficacy. For VTs, seven patients (58%) were Responders, and smaller LV diastolic and systolic diameters were associated with landiolol efficacy. Hypotension after landiolol treatment occurred in 5 of 51 patients, and lower LV systolic function was associated with the development of adverse events.

Conclusions

Landiolol is effective in patients with heart failure not only due to rapid AF/AFL but also due to VTs. However, preserved LVEF is important for efficacy and safety in landiolol treatment.
An integrated genomic analysis of Tudor domain–containing proteins identifies PHD finger protein 20‐like 1 (PHF20L1) as a candidate oncogene in breast cancer
Authors: Jiang Yuanyuan , Liu Lanxin , Shan Wenqi , Yang Zeng-Quan
Published: November 2015

Tudor domain–containing proteins (TDRDs), which recognize and bind to methyl‐lysine/arginine residues on histones and non‐histone proteins, play critical roles in regulating chromatin architecture, transcription, genomic stability, and RNA metabolism. Dysregulation of several TDRDs have been observed in various types of cancer. However, neither the genomic landscape nor clinical significance of TDRDs in breast cancer has been explored comprehensively. Here, we performed an integrated genomic and transcriptomic analysis of 41 TDRD genes in breast cancer (TCGA and METABRIC datasets) and identified associations among recurrent copy number alterations, gene expressions, clinicopathological features, and survival of patients. Among seven TDRDs that had the highest frequency (>10%) of gene amplification, the plant homeodomain finger protein 20‐like 1 (PHF20L1) was the most commonly amplified (17.62%) TDRD gene in TCGA breast cancers. Different subtypes of breast cancer had different patterns of copy number and expression for each TDRD. Notably, amplification and overexpression of PHF20L1 were more prevalent in aggressive basal‐like and Luminal B subtypes and were significantly associated with shorter survival of breast cancer patients. Furthermore, knockdown of PHF20L1 inhibited cell proliferation in PHF20L1‐amplified breast cancer cell lines. PHF20L1 protein contains N‐terminal Tudor and C‐terminal plant homeodomain domains. Detailed characterization of PHF20L1 in breast cancer revealed that the Tudor domain likely plays a critical role in promoting cancer. Mechanistically, PHF20L1 might participate in regulating DNA methylation by stabilizing DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) protein in breast cancer. Thus, our results demonstrated the oncogenic potential of PHF20L1 and its association with poor prognostic parameters in breast cancer.
Developing a Nuclear Global Health Workforce Amid the Increasing Threat of a Nuclear Crisis
Authors: Burkle Frederick M. , Dallas Cham E.
Published: November 2015

This study argues that any nuclear weapon exchange or major nuclear plant meltdown, in the categories of human systems failure and conflict-based crises, will immediately provoke an unprecedented public health emergency of international concern. Notwithstanding nuclear triage and management plans and technical monitoring standards within the International Atomic Energy Agency and the World Health Organization (WHO), the capacity to rapidly deploy a robust professional workforce with the internal coordination and collaboration capabilities required for large-scale nuclear crises is profoundly lacking. A similar dilemma, evident in the early stages of the Ebola epidemic, was eventually managed by using worldwide infectious disease experts from the Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network and multiple multidisciplinary WHO-supported foreign medical teams. This success has led the WHO to propose the development of a Global Health Workforce. A strategic format is proposed for nuclear preparedness and response that builds and expands on the current model for infectious disease outbreak currently under consideration. This study proposes the inclusion of a nuclear global health workforce under the technical expertise of the International Atomic Energy Agency and WHO’s Radiation Emergency Medical Preparedness and Assistance Network leadership and supported by the International Health Regulations Treaty. Rationales are set forth for the development, structure, and function of a nuclear workforce based on health outcomes research that define the unique health, health systems, and public health challenges of a nuclear crisis. Recent research supports that life-saving opportunities are possible, but only if a rapidly deployed and robust multidisciplinary response component exists. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:129–144)
Objective Sepsis Surveillance Using Electronic Clinical Data
Authors: Rhee Chanu , Kadri Sameer , Huang Susan S. , Murphy Michael V. , Li Lingling , Platt Richard , Klompas Michael
Published: November 2015

OBJECTIVE

To compare the accuracy of surveillance of severe sepsis using electronic health record clinical data vs claims and to compare incidence and mortality trends using both methods.

DESIGN

We created an electronic health record–based surveillance definition for severe sepsis using clinical indicators of infection (blood culture and antibiotic orders) and concurrent organ dysfunction (vasopressors, mechanical ventilation, and/or abnormal laboratory values). We reviewed 1,000 randomly selected medical charts to characterize the definition’s accuracy and stability over time compared with a claims-based definition requiring infection and organ dysfunction codes. We compared incidence and mortality trends from 2003–2012 using both methods.

SETTING

Two US academic hospitals.

PATIENTS

Adult inpatients.

RESULTS

The electronic health record–based clinical surveillance definition had stable and high sensitivity over time (77% in 2003–2009 vs 80% in 2012, P=.58) whereas the sensitivity of claims increased (52% in 2003–2009 vs 67% in 2012, P=.02). Positive predictive values for claims and clinical surveillance definitions were comparable (55% vs 53%, P=.65) and stable over time. From 2003 to 2012, severe sepsis incidence imputed from claims rose by 72% (95% CI, 57%–88%) and absolute mortality declined by 5.4% (95% CI, 4.6%–6.7%). In contrast, incidence using the clinical surveillance definition increased by 7.7% (95% CI, −1.1% to 17%) and mortality declined by 1.7% (95% CI, 1.1%–2.3%).

CONCLUSIONS

Sepsis surveillance using clinical data is more sensitive and more stable over time compared with claims and can be done electronically. This may enable more reliable estimates of sepsis burden and trends.

Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2016;37(2):163–171
Associations of Night Smoking and Cravings with Quit Intentions and Attempts
Authors: O’Connor Richard J. , June Kristie M. , Bansal-Travers Maansi
Published: November 2015

Introduction: Waking at night to smoke can also serve as an indicator of dependence and treatment success.

Aims: We sought to examine whether night smoking is associated with features of smoking behaviour in a non-treatment-seeking sample of adult smokers in the general population.

Methods: Data for this study come from 1,062 current smokers obtained from an opt-in online panel in July 2010. Night smoking and night craving to smoke were assessed by questionnaire, and dependence was assessed by the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). Relationships were assessed using linear, logistic, and negative binomial regression.

Findings: Overall, 20.6% reported that they woke at night to smoke. FTND scores were substantially higher in those reporting night smoking. Those who reported night cravings were more likely to report quit intentions. Night smokers made 3.6 actual quit attempts (95% CI: 2.8, 4.5) per year, adjusted for other model factors, compared to 2.7 (2.2, 3.2) attempts for night cravers and 2.2 (1.8, 2.7) attempts for smokers who reported neither.

Conclusions: Overall, night smokers reported higher nicotine dependence than cravers and those who experienced neither. The current study adds to a growing literature pointing to the importance of overnight smoking as an indicator of nicotine dependence.
Multivariate Analysis of the Globular Clusters in M87
Authors: Das Sukanta , Chattopadhayay Tanuka , Davoust Emmanuel
Published: November 2015

An objective classification of 147 globular clusters (GCs) in the inner region of the giant elliptical galaxy M87 is carried out with the help of two methods of multivariate analysis. First, independent component analysis (ICA) is used to determine a set of independent variables that are linear combinations of various observed parameters (mostly Lick indices) of the GCs. Next, K-means cluster analysis (CA) is applied on the independent components (ICs), to find the optimum number of homogeneous groups having an underlying structure. The properties of the four groups of GCs thus uncovered are used to explain the formation mechanism of the host galaxy. It is suggested that M87 formed in two successive phases. First a monolithic collapse, which gave rise to an inner group of metal-rich clusters with little systematic rotation and an outer group of metal-poor clusters in eccentric orbits. In a second phase, the galaxy accreted low-mass satellites in a dissipationless fashion, from the gas of which the two other groups of GCs formed. Evidence is given for a blue stellar population in the more metal rich clusters, which we interpret by Helium enrichment. Finally, it is found that the clusters of M87 differ in some of their chemical properties (NaD, TiO1, light-element abundances) from GCs in our Galaxy and M31.
Brochs and Iron Age society: a reappraisal
Authors: Pearson Mike Parker , Sharples Niall , Mulville Jacqui
Published: November 2015

The brochs, great stone towers of Iron Age Scotland, are famously puzzling. Who inhabited these strongholds (if habitations they were)? New fieldwork at the broch of Dun Vulan, on South Uist in the Western Isles, prompts reappraisal of the geographical and social context of the brochs, by developing untapped sources of social evidence.
Antiquities as symbolic capital in modern Greek society
Authors: Hamilakis Yannis , Yalouri Eleana
Published: November 2015

The Great Powers — starting with ancient Imperial Rome and running up to the present — have valued Classical Greek culture as embodying the founding spirit of their own, our own western world. So where does the modern state of Greece stand? It is, more than most nations, encouraged or required to share what might be its particular heritage with a wider world.
Phantom cultures of the Levantine Epipaleolithic
Authors: Barton C. Michael , Neeley Michael P.
Published: November 2015

We thank those whose interest in the Levantine Epipalaeolithic has led them to comment on our research. Such public discussion of differing interpretations is vital to understanding the past. In this article, we briefly respond to some of the points raised by those writing in this issue (G.A. Clark, N. Goring-Morris, D.O. Henry and J.L. Phillips) and in a previous issue (Fellner 1995; Kaufman 1995) of ANTIQUITY.
The Swahili and the Mediterranean worlds: pottery of the late Roman period from Zanzibar
Authors: Juma Abdurahman M.
Published: November 2015

Mortimer Wheeler famously tied together the worlds of ancient Rome and ancient India by finding Roman ceramics stratified into levels at Arikamedu, in south India. Late Roman pottery from far down the East African coast now permits the same kind of matching link from the Mediterranean to a distant shore, this one in the Swahili world.
Rethinking the quest for provenance
Authors: Budd P. , Haggerty R. , Pollard A. M. , Scaife B. , Thomas R. G.
Published: November 2015

One of the larger — and more expensive — present programmes of study in archaeological science explores the provenance of prehistoric bronzes from the Mediterranean. What are the bases of research? What will the findings tell us about the real place of metal as it moved in the ancient world?