bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ВОЛНОВОЙ ПАРАМЕТР КАК КРИТЕРИЙ В ОСНОВЕ МЕТОДА ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ АКУСТИЧЕСКИХ ИСТОЧНИКОВ ПРИ СТАРТЕ РАКЕТ
Authors: Фролов Виктор Петрович , Сокол Галина Ивановна , Котлов Владислав Юрьевич
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this work is to develop a method for determining the types of acoustic sources of radiation and their acoustic fields during the space rockets launch in the first seconds based on the wave parameter values. The main noise source during the space rocket launch is its propulsion system (PS). The cross-section of the nozzle is taken as the oscillation source. The theory of siren sound emission is based on the acoustic power calculation of a jet as a volume sound radiator or a radiator with a space velocity. In the model of a volumetric spherical radiator, the front of a spherical wave is a spherical surface, and the sound rays, according to the definition of the wave front, coincide with the radii of the sphere. As a result of the divergence of waves, the sound intensity decreases with distance from the source. The present work has a prospective character for clarifying the nature of the acoustic fields and for calculating the noise levels from the space rocket launch when designing the cosmodromes. In the requirements for the construction of such structures, the noise impact on the environment of infrasound radiation upon launching launch vehicles is identified. A method for determining the types of acoustic radiation sources during the space rocket launch and their acoustic fields has been developed. The method makes it possible to develop physical models of acoustic fields and apply known mathematical models to calculating their characteristics. The method is applicable for the study of acoustic emissions in the first seconds of the space rocket launch based on the determination of the wave parameter kR and allows us to provide valid data on the levels of sound pressure, intensity and acoustic power at specific points of airspace around the PS in the first seconds of the launch. The character of the acoustic wave radiation from a hole in a specific size gas flue has been studied. To calculate the acoustic characteristics, an algorithm and a program on Java programming language have been developed. Two models of acoustic field generation in the environment are described during the work of a rocket as a plane radiator and spherical waves, depending on the value of the wave parameter kR. A technique for calculating the noise of a remote control in the range for the first 1.5-4 seconds of the space rocket start time is developed
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ОДНОЙ ФОРМЫ МЕСТНОЙ ПОТЕРИ УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ СТРИНГЕРА
Authors: Гончаренко Андрей Витальевич , Минтюк Виталий Борисович
Published: May 2019

Local buckling of elements supporting the compressed power panels of aircraft structures, stringer, is considered. It has been shown that the identification of critical stresses of the local stability of the stringer and the critical stresses of its weakest wall can lead to significantly overestimated results. The use of this approach omits the form of extrusion of the stringer, in which one of the reinforcing elements is not edged as an infinitely long plate, but as a beam. Such an element not only reduces the supporting effect on other elements, but can itself provoke a loss of stability of the entire stringer. The case of a uniformly compressed stringer in the form of a wall reinforced by a belt was considered. The problem of determining the critical stresses of the stringer under the assumption of free support of the plate along three sides and elastic coupling with the compressed hinged beam on the fourth was solved analytically. In this setting, the deflection function of the plate wall in one direction was written in the form of a series in terms of the sine function. After integrating the obtained ordinary differential equation and satisfying the boundary conditions, the critical stresses were determined from the condition for a non-trivial solution. The solution was reduced to a transcendental equation for dimensionless critical stresses, written through the dimensionless values of the flexural, torsional rigidity of the beam, its cross-sectional area, the elongation of the plate, and the Poisson's ratio. The resulting stresses up to the square of the elongation are the coefficient of plate support in the well-known formula for determining the critical stresses of the plates. Parametric studies were carried out: the influence of the elongation of the stringer, the relative area and dimensions of the beam cross-section supporting the plate on the value of the support coefficient. It was shown that for stringers having a relatively weak belt, the support ratio may be less than the value adopted for a compressed plate with three freely supported sides and one free edge (0.46), i.e. in this case, buckling provokes a compressed beam. For the convenience of practical use of the results obtained, plots of the dependence of the support coefficient on elongation and the ratio of the wall and shelf dimensions were given. Recommendations were given to increase the critical stresses of local buckling of the stringer
АЛГОРИТМ ОЦЕНКИ ПРОПУСКНОЙ СПОСОБНОСТИ ПРИ УПРАВЛЕНИИ ТРАФИКОМ БЕСПИЛОТНЫХ ЛЕТАТЕЛЬНЫХ АППАРАТОВ
Authors: Погудина Ольга Константиновна , Вайленко Ирина Васильевна
Published: May 2019

The subject of the study in the article is the processes of assessing the airship throughput in controlling the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) traffic management. The goal is to improve the quality of air traffic control, taking into account the avoidance of conflicts involving three or more UAV. Problems: to develop a mathematical model of the probabilistic traffic map, as well as to formalize the construction of a random geometric graph model for the estimation of alleged UAVs conflicts and collisions; To implement algorithms given models construction for airship throughput automation. The models used: Poisson process whose intensity model is used for building a probabilistic traffic map, random geometric graph model is used for calculate the number of possible conflicts involving the UAV. The following results are obtained. A formalized model of the UAV location map has been created taking into account: the given region with the specified population density and the expected number of operations during the specified time interval. This model was used in the construction of a random geometric graph, in which, taking into account the minimum distance possible for the approximation of two UAVs, an estimation of the probability of conflicts and collisions was conducted. The model is the basis for obtaining an algorithm for estimating the factors limiting the capacity of the airspace, as a result of the occurrence of difficult solvable conflicts. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is as follows: The random geometric graph model is improved by formalizing the position of the vertices. The vertices, taking into account the law of the Poisson process, are placed in the cells of a given region. This allows us to obtain an objective picture of the location of the UAV in the city's airspace. Two-dimensional models of probabilistic traffic maps (Dutch model "Metropolis", model Cal) have been further developed, due to the formalization of the initial UAV placement, taking into account the law of the Poisson process. This will help to determine the technical requirements for ensuring uninterrupted operation of small unmanned aerial vehicles in the urban airspace
ХОЛОДОПРОДУКТИВНІСТЬ СИСТЕМИ КОНДИЦІЮВАННЯ ЗОВНІШНЬОГО ПОВІТРЯ ЗА ПОТОЧНИМ ТЕПЛОВИМ НАВАНТАЖЕННЯМ
Authors: Трушляков Євген Іванович , Радченко Андрій Миколайович , Радченко Микола Іванович , Зонмін Ян , Зубарєв Анатолій Анатолійович , Ткаченко Веніамін Сергійович
Published: May 2019

The efficiency of the outdoor air conditioning systems application depends on how full the installed cooling capacity is applied, that is, with a more complete load and for as long as the possible yearly duration in actual climatic conditions. The production of cold is taken as a criteria of a quantitative evaluation of the efficiency of applying the cooling capacity of air conditioning systems – the amount of cold produced in accordance with its current demand for air conditioning, which in turn depends on the current consumption of cooling capacity and its duration and equals to their multiplication. It is obvious that the maximum value of the current amount of cold produced/consumed indicates an effective application of the installed cooling capacity. However, since the current demands of cooling capacity and their duration, that is, the amount of cold produced/consumed, depending on the changing current climatic conditions, they are characterized by significant fluctuations, which makes it difficult to choose the installed cooling capacity of the air conditioning system. Obviously, if we determine the amount of cold produced/consumed by its current values and summarized during the year, it is possible to significantly simplify the choice of the installed cooling capacity. At the same time, the current amount of cold produced/consumed causes a change in the rate of increment of the annual cold production with a change in the installed cooling capacity, and the maximum rate corresponds to the installed cooling capacity, which provides its efficient use. Proceeding from a different rate of increment of annual cold production with an increase in the installed cooling capacity of the air conditioning system due to a change in heat load in accordance with current climatic conditions during the year, the value of design heat load on the air conditioning system (installed cooling capacity) that provides maximum or close to it the rate of increment of the annual production of cold, and hence the maximum efficient use of installed cooling capacity is chosen
La Teoría de la comunicación de marketing en Dove Dermo Aclarant
Authors: Cruz Cachipuendo Jhoana Elizabeth , Quinde Sari Freddy Richard
Published: May 2019

La motivación como factor psicológico en Dove Dermo Aclarant ha permitido impulsar al consumidor a la compra del producto, Dove ha utilizado la teoría de Maslow enfocándose principalmente en la necesidad de reconocimiento o estima, logrando que se sienta bien con el producto y generando una imagen positiva en el consumidor. Siendo estos factores importantes que han permitido motivar a su compra. Por consiguiente, el producto ha tenido que estar a disposición del consumidor, y Dove al ser reconocida como una empresa multinacional que lidera el mercado de consumo masivo, ha utilizado la intervención de un canal de distribución  indirecto que le ha permitido satisfacer la demanda del producto y llegar al consumidor final en menor tiempo.  Al lograr motivar al consumidor y al hacer que el producto llegue de manera rápida y oportuna, Dove se ha posicionado en la mente del consumidor como una marca de belleza, autoestima y cuidado personal, su principal segmento mujeres de entre 20 y 50 años. Para complementar y lograr la aceptación total en el mercado, Dove ha utilizado herramientas de comunicación muy importantes: la publicidad que le ha permitido llegar al público objetivo a través de los distintos medios de comunicación, y su vez, mediante la utilización de recursos emocionales, logrando difundir un mensaje positivo y permitiendo establecer un lazo emocional entre el cliente y la marca. También ha utilizado el ATL como estrategia de comunicación para dar a conocer el producto, a través de medios de comunicación masivos logrando mayor impacto en el público. A la vez es importante mencionar que los medios de comunicación utilizados para el desarrollo del estudio fue la TV.
Clima organizacional y su incidencia en el desempeño laboral en el personal administrativo de la Dirección distrital 05D06 - Salcedo Educación
Authors: Cabezas Heredia Edmundo Bolivar , Beltrán Del Hierro Daniel Mauricio , Ureta Valdez Rogelio Estalin
Published: May 2019

La presente investigación se llevó a cabo en la Dirección Distrital 06D06 – Salcedo Educación con el fin de determinar el Clima Organizacional y su incidencia en el desempeño laboral del personal administrativo, para presentar una propuesta de intervención en la organización, para este fin se aplicaron dos test para determinar los niveles de cómo se encuentra el clima organizacional y el desempeño laboral en niveles bajo, medio y alto en el personal administrativo, por las características propias de esta población en estudio, debido a la facilidad de interpretación de resultados y a la especificidad de cada uno de estos al momento de la interpretación se optó por determinar el conocimiento del clima organizacional proporcionando retroinformación que determinan los comportamientos organizacionales permitiendo introducir cambios planificados  tanto  en  las  actitudes  y  conductas  de  los  miembros  en  la  estructura organizacional, así como en el subsistema y sus componentes para determinar la incidencia en el desempeño laboral, el factor más significativo es que al realizar una aplicación del Test del Desempeño Laboral y Clima Organizacional con 20 y 35 ítems respectivamente es necesario realizar una prueba de fiabilidad para establecer el constructo del instrumento y si puede ser aplicable en cualquier contexto, se establece un alfa de Cronbach de 0.878 para desempeño y de 0.224 de clima organizacional, que luego de un proceso de sacar preguntas se obtuvo un alfa de 0.879 que da la seguridad que los test aplicados son muy bueno para este entorno de investigación. Al realizar un análisis de validez y de KMO del desempeño laboral y Clima Organizacional al encontrar los datos de un 23 % de varianza pérdida, de 0.383 en desempeño y de 0.361 en Clima Organizacional y de significancia 0.000< 0.005 que es válida la investigación planteada y resuelta. Los niveles alcanzados de desempeño laboral alto son de 91.7 % y de clima organizacional de 87.5% por lo con capacitación, mejoramiento del entorno esos índices van a mejorar y al aplicar modificaciones en el entorno de trabajo se va a mejorar tanto el desempeño laboral como el clima organizacional en la institución.
Determinantes del comportamiento de cambio de proveedor de los usuarios de televisión pagada en Guayaquil
Authors: Campoverde Aguirre Ronald , Saglimbeni Jarrin Giovanna Ornella
Published: May 2019

Este artículo analiza los factores determinantes que influyen en el comportamiento de cambio de proveedor tomando como caso el de televisión pagada en Guayaquil. Se utilizó un análisis cuantitativo por medio de un análisis descriptivo, en base a un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, con el fin de determinar y construir los factores que influyen en la decisión de cambio de proveedor de televisión pagada. Para lograrlo se utilizó en análisis factorial y de componentes principales, concluyendo que los factores que determinan el comportamiento de cambio  de proveedor  para  esta  industria son cuatro: atención  y desempeño; comportamiento responsable; precio y contingencia. Este estudio tiene un propósito teórico y práctico ya que revisa la literatura para determinar los constructos que se adaptan de mejor manera al análisis de cambio de proveedor de servicio en el mercado ecuatoriano. También se propone un modelo de comportamiento de cambio de servicio que debe ser validado de manera empírica.
El pensamiento complejo: ¿qué debe saber y saber hacer el profesorado universitario en este cambio de época?
Authors: Rodríguez Torres Ángel Freddy , Altamirano Vaca Eloísa Jacqueline
Published: May 2019

En los últimos años ha surgido un especial interés por cómo implementar el pensamiento complejo en el quehacer educativo. En este sentido, se destaca lo complejo, la complejidad y la educación vista bajo esta perspectiva. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir y analizar los fundamentos que sustentan el pensamiento complejo, los problemas que enfrentan la educación y rol que debe tener el docente en este cambio de época, para lo cual se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sistemática. Fue necesario reflexionar sobre los postulados planteados por Morín como: la fragmentación de los saberes; contextualizar los saberes que permita construir y reconstruir un conocimiento pertinente; y su influencia en la educación. En este sentido, el profesorado debe modificar su praxis educativa que favorezca una enseñanza eficaz a través de: contenidos útiles y relevantes; la creación de entornos estimulantes para el aprendizaje a través de procesos de indagación e innovación; la utilización de una diversidad de estrategias que fomenten el trabajo cooperativo e interdisciplinario y promueva el desarrollo de habilidades cognitivas superiores; y, una evaluación que sea concebida como una oportunidad para aprender.
WANITA DAN PERANANNYA DALAM MEMAJUKAN UMKM BATIK DI KEBUMEN
Authors: Azizah Siti Nur
Published: May 2019

This study aims to analyze, describe and interpret what factors influence women's empowerment so that it can improve the family's economic welfare. This study is a descriptive study using structured interviews. Subjects were 30 female batik entrepreneurs in Pejagoan and Alian Districts. The results show both women entrepreneurs run businesses to help the family economy and still have little business knowledge, so the local government still has to provide assistance for the progress of the batik industry, especially those owned by women.
BENARKAH IKLAN ONLINE EFEKTIF UNTUK DIGUNAKAN DALAM PROMOSI PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Santoso Erica Delia , Larasati Novia
Published: May 2019

Pada saat ini teknologi semakin berkembang dengan baik sehingga teknologi yang ada menjadi canggih. Teknologi yang canggih bisa dimanfaatkan untuk melakukan kegiatan pemasaran seperti kegiatan promosi produk yaitu promosi melalui internet (iklan online). Perkembangan iklan online di Indonesia saat ini berkembang pesat, sehingga ketika membuka internet pasti muncul iklan online. Banyaknya iklan online yang muncul belum tentu menjadikan media internet sebagai media yang tepat. Iklan online bisa dikatakan tidak efektif karena berdasarkan penelitian menyatakan bahwa orang melakukan penghindaran iklan karena mengganggu tujuan utama saat mengakses internet. Namun, di sisi lain Iklan online  bisa dikatakan efektif karena jangkauan yang luas, dapat menentukan segmentasi, dan memerlukan modal yang kecil. Maka dari itu, topik ini perlu ditelaah lebih dalam untuk mengetahui apakah iklan online benar-benar efektif atau tidak.
Bilangan Peroksida pada Minyak Goreng Penjual Gorengan di Jalan Rajawali Kota Palangka Raya
Authors: Suratno Suratno , Utomo Ronny Victor
Published: May 2019

A high peroxide value of used vegetable oil can lead to poisoning in the body and various diseases such as diarrhea, fat deposition in blood vessels, cancer and decrease of digestibility of fat and destruction of vitamin E. This study aims to determine the peroxide values in reused cooking oil on fried snack seller on Jalan Rajawali, Palangka Raya. A quantitative descriptive research design was used in this study. Random sampling technique was used to collect the sample � determination of peroxide value using iodometry method. Results show that based on quality requirements, from 14 cooking oil samples there were 78.6% of the samples comply with the peroxide value requirements and 21.4% of the samples did not comply with the peroxide value requirements. Samples which did not adhere to the peroxide value requirements are cooking oil that has been used for more than five repetitions.
Late recurrent hemarthrosis following elective total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Grosso Matthew J.
Published: May 2019

In certain scenarios following total knee arthroplasty (TKA), vascular complications can present as recurrent hemarthrosis, resulting in continued pain and restricted range of motion post-operatively. We present a 77 year old female who underwent a right TKA. She had an uncomplicated recovery for 1 year following the TKA, but then developed episodic knee pain, with pain and swelling, which resulted in limitations to ambulation. Work-up was negative for infection or hardware related complications. At presentation to our office 2 years following the right TKA, aspiration showed thick hemarthrosis from the right knee. Right lower extremity angiogram demonstrated a non-tumoral blush indicative of chronic synovial hyperemia. Patient underwent successful transarterial coil and selective embolization of the responsible geniculate arteries, resulting in complete resolution of symptoms at 2 years follow-up. Physicians and surgeons should be aware of vascular complications following TKA that can occur at mid or long term follow-up which may require therapeutic embolization for resolution of symptoms.
Keywords: Hemarthrosis, Total knee arthroplasty, Embolization, Geniculate arteries.
Surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis: the state of the art
Authors: Kemper M. , Izbicki J. R. , Bachmann K.
Published: May 2019

Chronic pancreatitis is a common disease accompanied with considerable morbidity and mortality. Complications associated with chronic pancreatitis, such as pseudocysts, stenosis of adjacent anatomic structures or pain that cannot be managed conservatively, may be treatable surgically or interventionally by endoscopy. Surgery is superior to endoscopy in regard to long-term pain management. Modern duodenum preserving pancreatic resections using the Berger, Frey, or Hamburg techniques possess a number of substantial drawbacks. Duodenum preserving pancreatic resection is the surgical procedure of choice in patients with inflamed changes of the head of the pancreas. Despite great progress in recent years regarding the management of complications, postoperative morbidity is high. The best timing of surgery, the ideal standardized perioperative management are the focus of current research. The minimally invasive approach offers numerous benefits in comparison with open surgery, but these procedures can only be performed at highly specialized centers with very highly qualified surgeons.
Statistical characteristics of number and structure of hospitalizations and treatment of patients with acute and chronic pancreatitis in the surgical departments in Kemerovo region
Authors: Podoluzhniy V. I. , Pelts V. A. , Radionov I. A.
Published: May 2019

Aim. Determine the number of hospitalizations and treatment of patients with acute (AP) and primary chronic pancreatitis (PCP) in surgical departments No 1 and No 2 of the Regional Clinical Hospital of Emergency Medical Care n. a. M. A. Podgorbunsky (Kemerovo) and surgical departments in Kemerovo region from 1993 to 2017.

Methods. A comparative analysis of the number and structure of treatment of patients with AP over two decades was carried out. Number of PCP surgeries in the Regional Hepatology Center after 1995 was comparatively analyzed.

Results. There was an increase in number of average annual hospitalization of patients with acute (primary and secondary) pancreatitis over the past decade by 79.7% (incidence 64.3/100000 and 125.3/100000), as well as increased number of surgeries for PCP. In urgent patients, mild pancreatitis occurred in 76.8%, pancreatic necrosis — in 23.2%. Those who had destructive pancreatitis underwent surgery in 15.1% of cases. Mortality with pancreatic necrosis reaches 7.9%. Over the last decade, compared with the past one, 26.4% more patients were operated on for PCP. Pancreatic resections were performed in 22.5% of cases, draining anastomoses were installed in 65.4% of surgical cases.

Conclusion. Over 23 years, the number of hospitalized patients with AP has increased statistically significantly. 3.5% of hospitalized patients were operated on (15.1% with pancreatic necrosis). Mortality upon pancreatic necrosis reached 7.9%. AP is viewed as a predictor of chronic pancreatitis, there is a clear upward trend in the number of surgeries for PCP.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MENULIS CERPEN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PEDAGOGI GENRE, SAINTIFIK, DAN CLIL (CONTENT AND LANGUAGE INTEGRATED LEARNING) PADA SISWA KELAS XI SMAN 2 KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Yulistio Didi , Fhitri Anita
Published: May 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan menulis cerita pendek menggunakan model pembelajaran Pedagogi Genre, Saintifik, dan CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) pada Siswa Kelas XI-C SMAN 2 Kota Bengkulu. Ruang lingkup penelitian ini mencakup  aspek (1) kesesuaian isi dengan tema, (2) struktur teks cerpen, (3) pilihan Kata (diksi), (4) penggunaan kalimat (gaya bahasa cerpen), dan (5) mekanik (ejaan dan tulisan tangan). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif-kuantitatif dan model PTK (Penelitian Tindakan Kelas) yang terdiri atas 4 tahapan, yakni tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Sumber data penelitian siswa kelas XI-C SMAN 2 Kota Bengkulu sebanyak 28 orang dan data penelitian ini berupa teks cerpen. Pengumpulan data menggunakan petunjuk tes menulis cerpen dengan tema  ditentukan dan lembar pengamatan aktivitas siswa. Analisis data menggunakan perhitungan rata-rata dan analisis akhir secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan kemampuan menulis Cerpen melalui model pembelajaran Pedagogi Genre, Saintifik, dan CLIL pada siswa kelas XI IPA-C SMAN 2 Kota Bengkulu. Hal ini terbukti dari hasil pembelajaran pada siklus I diperoleh rerata sebesar 70,21 dengan kategori baik dan meningkat pada hasil pembelajaran siklus II dengan rerata sebesar 80,14 dengan kategori sangat baik. Aktivitas siswa mencakup aspek disiplin, bertanggung jawab, kerjasama dan mandiri dengan kategori cukup aktif pada siklus I meningkat menjadi sangat aktif pada siklus II dalam materi pembelajaran mendeskripsikan struktur teks, nilai-nilai kehidupan, dan struktur pembangun cerpen.Kata kunci: Kemampuan, menulis, cerpen, saintifik, pedagogi.
KESANTUNAN BERBAHASA INDONESIA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DI KELAS X MAN 1 MODEL KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Anggraini Novia , Rahayu Ngudining , Djunaidi Bambang
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pematuhan dan pelanggaran kesantunan berbahasa Indonesia antara guru dan siswa dalam pembelajaran di kelas X MAN 1 Model Kota Bengkulu berdasarkan prinsip kesantunan Geoffrey Leech. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Objek penelitian ini adalah guru dan siswa di kelas X  MAN 1 Model Kota Bengkulu. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini yaitu teknik observasi, teknik rekaman dan teknik wawancara. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam proses pembelajaran di kelas X MAN 1 Model Kota Bengkulu terdapat (173) pematuhan tuturan prinsip kesantunan Geoffrey Leech dengan 6 maksim, dan (12) pelanggaran tuturan prinsip kesantunan Geoffrey Leech dengan 4 maksim. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa kesantunan berbahasa Indonesia di kelas X MAN 1 Model Kota Bengkulu banyak terdapat pematuhan prinsip kesantunan Geoffrey Leech, karena dari (185) data tuturan, terdapat (173) data tuturan pematuhan kesantunan berbahasa Indonesia, dengan kata lain memiliki tingkat pematuhan kesantunan yang tinggi yaitu 93,5%. Kata kunci: Kesantunan berbahasa, Prinsip Kesantunan Geoffrey Leech, Kelas X MAN 1 Model Kota Bengkulu.
RAGAM BAHASA GAUL KALANGAN REMAJA DI KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Ertika Reza , Chandra W. Dian Eka , Diani Irma
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk kosakata bahasa gaul dan konteks penggunaan bahasa gaul kalangan remaja di kota Bengkulu. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif, yaitu metode penelitian yang menghasilkan data deskriptif berupa kata-kata tertulis. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini, yaitu (1) Observasi, (2) Rekaman, (3) Wawancara. Untuk pengolahan data digunakan langkah-langkah berikut (1) Transkripsi Data, (2) Identifikasi Data, (3) Klasifikasi Data, (4) Interpretasi Data, dan (5) Simpulan. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, diperoleh gambaran bahwa bentuk kosakata bahasa gaul yang digunakan kalangan remaja di kota Bengkulu berupa (1) Nasalisasi –ng, –a, -da, -na, -se, -es, -ra, -s, dan –ong, (2) sisipan –ok, (3) metatesis atau walikan, (4) reduplikasi, (5) Bahasa Inggris, dan (6) pola acak. Kosakata bahasa gaul remaja digunakan untuk menyampaikan gagasan, ide, dan pendapat kepada sesama remaja. Pengguna kosakata gaul ini adalah kalangan remaja di kota Bengkulu yakni mahasiswa hingga remaja yang sudah bekerja yang berusia 15 tahun sampai 24 tahun. Konteks yang digunakan remaja tersebut adalah pada saat situasi santai dan akrab, dan ketika sedang berkumpul membicarakan seputar kehidupan atau lingkungan sosial mereka melalui media bahasa lisan. Konteks situasi dalam penggunaan kosakata bahasa gaul yaitu saat sedang berkumpul di kos-kosan, di rumah, di kampus, dan tempat–tempat yang tidak terduga.Kata kunci : Ragam bahasa, bahasa gaul, remaja.
STUDENTS’ DIFFICULTIES IN TRANSLATING ENGLISH TEXT
Authors: Arono Arono , Nadrah Nadrah
Published: May 2019

Nowdays, there are many translation problems although software application to assist translation are available. The objectives of this research were to identify types of error in translation, students’ difficulties in translating text, and factors which influence students’ error in translating in English department of State Institute for Islamic Studies Bengkulu. This research  used descriptive quantitative method. The results of this research showed that students’ difficulties in translating English text, were elliptical errors (67.29%), idioms (87.5%), and textual meaning (73.54).  The difficulties of students in translating were  lack of vocabulary (87,50%), difficult translating Islamic texts (75,00%), literary works (66,66%), and grammatical issues (62,50%). Then, the factors affected students’ error in translation were ignorance of ellipsis; unable to identify ellipsis, idiom, and lexical meaning; lack of strategy in translating ellipsis,  idiom, and lexical meaning; translating words per word; most students lack a strong background on the content of the text. It was concluded that the students got three types of error in transalation, four points difficulties in translation, and six factors which influence the students’ error in translation.Keywords: Translation, difficulties, and English text
Harpiosquilla raphidea, Udang Belalang Komoditas Unggulan dari Provinsi Jambi
Authors: Sukarni Sukarni , Rina Rina , Samsudin Ade , Purna Yefni
Published: May 2019

Harpiosquilla raphidea merupakan jenis udang belalang asli Jambi yang bersifat predator. Pemberian nama udang belalang didasarkan pada bentuk morfologinya yang menyerupai udang dan bentuk capit depannya seperti belalang sembah. Udang belalang memiliki 6-8 segmen abdomen dan mempunyai telson berwarna kuning yang ditandai dengan dua bintik cokelat gelap yang dikelilingi warna putih. Metoda yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah desk study terhadap data primer, wawancara dan penelusuran berbagai penelitian terkait. Hasil analisa pada data pengiriman Harpiosquilla raphidea dari Jambi menunjukan trend peningkatan dari tahun 2015-2017 dengan rata-rata 23.38% pertahun, yaitu: tahun 2017 sebanyak 3.785.059 ekor, 2016 sebanyak 3.164.420 ekor dan 2015 sebanyak 2.488.867 ekor. Sampai saat ini untuk memperoleh Harpiosquilla raphidea masih mengandalkan tangkapan dari alam, oleh karena itu tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji data pengirimannya dari Jambi beberapa tahun terakhir yang akan berpengaruh terhadap kelestariannya di alam. Sejauh ini belum ada penelitian dan budidaya secara lengkap, mulai dari domestikasi calon induk, pemijahan, penetasan telur, pemeliharaan larva dan pembesaran. Upaya yang dilakukan sampai sekarang baru sebatas pemeliharaan di tempat penampungan sebelum dilakukan pengiriman keluar Jambi.
Current Trends in ELT
Authors: Kim Yong
Published: May 2019

Owing to the use of English as a global lingua franca, the trends in English teaching could probably be well perceived by considering the language’s inseparability from globalization. First of all, since globalization has affected almost the whole aspects of life in the world, English, which is used as the main means of communication in those sectors, is also closely connected to them. Consequently, any consideration of the teaching of English should be linked to them. Secondly, its multiple forms or uses in some specific locations has emerged the phenomena of Englishes and been challenged as the only type to be learned. Finally, the massive use of ICT has also contributed to the many new possibilities of using technology for teaching English.
Teaching the Four Language Skills in Primary EFL Classroom
Authors: Kurniasih Eka
Published: May 2019

English teachers in Indonesian primary schools are often in doubt about the ‘what’ and the ‘how’ to teach because most English teachers training colleges do not provide them with specialized training in how to meet the needs of primary school students; TEYL is a new and highly dynamic field; the status of English in the curriculum of primary schools in Indonesia is a local content, and thus the National Education Ministry does not provide English syllabus for primary school. Since the objective of teaching English in primary school is to provide a good basis for communicative competence as a foundation to study it in secondary school; the development of the four language skills should be made the focus of all learning activities. This paper provides some guidelines, which are adapted from some publications and discussions concerning TEYL for teaching the four language skills in primary schools.
The Effectiveness of Picture: An Empirical Evidence in Vocabulary Mastery
Authors: Dakhi Saniago , Maritha Ema
Published: May 2019

This action research was conducted to improve the students’ English vocabulary mastery by using picture. To achieve the objective, data were collected through the test, questionnaire and observation from 21 students in third graders of SDN Karawang Kulon II. The outcomes of the research showed that students’ vocabulary mastery got improved. This improvement is seen from the mean score of the test, i.e. 56.19 (Pre-test I), 81.90 (Post-test II), and 94.29 (Post-test II). Additionally, the result of questionnaire on the vocabulary teaching applying picture also shows the positive changes. The above data indicates that vocabulary picture can be effective media for vocabulary learning English. However, it is expected that other researchers could conduct similar researches on the related issues to develop it.
Analysis on the Types and Translation Procedures of English Metaphors into Indonesian in “The Sky is Falling”
Authors: Simanjuntak Mariati
Published: May 2019

The aims of this research are to find the types of metaphors and the translation procedures used in translating the metaphors in the novel The Sky is Falling by Sidney Sheldon. This research used qualitative approach, and the data were taken from the novel The Sky is Falling by Sydney Sheldon, and its Indonesian version Langit Runtuh, translated by Hidayat Saleh. The main instruments of this research were the researcher herself, and the data sheets which contained the types of metaphors and the translation procedures applied. To achieve trustworthiness, the data has been checked by experts. The results of the research show that there are four types of metaphors found in the novel. They are cliché metaphors (5 data or 12.82%), adapted metaphors (5 data or 12.82%), stock/standard metaphors (11 data or 28.20%), and original metaphors (18 data or 46.16%). There are also four translation procedures applied, namely, replacing SL image with standard TL image (2 data or 5.13%), translation of metaphor by simile retaining the image (5 data or 12.82%), conversion of metaphor to sense (7 data or 17.95%), and reproducing the same image in the TL (25 data or 64.10%). Original metaphors are the mostly used metaphors in this novel possibly because the writer can describe events, objects, or situations in his novel more effectively by creating his own metaphors. The procedure of reproducing the same image in the TL is the one mostly applied because it provides the best translation possible to convey the message from the SL while still maintaining the context of the SL.
The Importance of Scrabble Game: An Experimental Analysis of the Eighth Graders’ Vocabulary Mastery at SMP Eka Wijaya Cibinong
Authors: Masela Agie
Published: May 2019

This research aimed to investigate whether Scrabble game has a significant effect on the eighth graders’ vocabulary mastery. This research was carried out by using experimental research method with one group pretest-posttest design. The eighth graders of class VIII-A were taught vocabularies using Scrabble game. The quantitative data, collected using tests, were analyzed by using the independent and paired sample t-test on SPSS version 19 program. The findings on this research showed the mean scores of pre-test and post-test, which were, 52.40 points and 45.64 respectively; the gain was -6.76 points and the result of hypothesis test, it was found that t count (1.569) was less than t table (2.06). The findings indicated that H0 was accepted. The conclusion of this research was Scrabble had no significant effect on the eighth graders’ vocabulary mastery.
Use of Mother Tongue in EFL Classes of Secondary Schools In Jabodebek: Students’ and Teachers’ Perception
Authors: Pardede Parlindungan
Published: May 2019

This study aims to investigate senior high school students and teachers’ perception of the use of Indonesian in their English classes. To achieve the objective, two sets of questionnaires were administered to gauge the perceptions of 556 students and 15 teachers of 10 senior high schools in Jabodebek (Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, and Bekasi). The findings revealed: (1) the majority of both students and teachers preferred to use Indonesian in their English classes; (2) they believed Indonesian is helpful in language skills development, language components learning, learning materials understanding and classroom interactions; (3) the students preferred the predominantly use of Indonesian, while the teachers preferred the predominantly use of English during the class hour; (4) the higher their grade, the higher amount of English the students would like to have in their English classrooms; and (5) teachers with longer teaching experience tended to expect the use of bigger proportion of Indonesian in English classrooms.
Students’ Motivation in Reading English Text: A Qualitative Study in EFL Context
Authors: Dakhi Saniago , Damanik Ira Soraya
Published: May 2019

This article addresses an objective description and reasons for the student’s motivation in reading English text. Sixty students of tenth grade at SMA Negeri 55 South Jakarta participated on filling in 50 statements of 11 domains of motivation. An interview, another method  to collect data needed and to meet a methodological triangulation, was employed  to capture the participants’ perspective. Findings revealed that reading curiosity is the highest domain of the students’ motivation (92.22%), and social reason for reading is the lowest one (55.56%). Some interpretations are included in this paper.
Foreign Language Learners’ Anxiety in Language Skills Learning: A Case study at Universitas Kristen Indonesia
Authors: Male Hendrikus
Published: May 2019

Anxiety has been a matter of substantial concern in foreign language (FL) learning setting for educators since it is a major obstacle learners need to overcome (Ellis, 2008; Wu, 2010).This study was aimed at finding out students’ language anxiety in learning the four language skills at a university level in English as a FL context. The participants were 71 students of the English education Department of Universitas Kristen Indonesia. Data was collected by administering a set of questionnaire. To support the data, interview was conducted to some of the respondents. Findings showed that the majority of the students were more anxious on writing skill, followed by reading, speaking and listening in their language learning process. It is highly recommended that the teachers or faculties be more creative in making the language skills classes atmosphere more fun and relaxing so that the students could achieve higher learning results.

Keywords: anxiety, non-native learners, language learning process
Uphill Running Excessive Training Increases Gastrocnemius Glycogen Content in C57BL/6 Mice
Authors: MORAIS G. P. , DA ROCHA A. , PINTO A. P. , DA C. OLIVEIRA L. , DE VICENTE L. G. , FERREIRA G. N. , DE FREITAS E. C. , DA SILVA A. S. R.
Published: May 2019

The main aim of the present investigation was to verify the effects of three overtraining (OT) protocols performed in downhill (OTR/down), uphill (OTR/up) and without inclination (OTR) on the protein levels of Akt (Ser473), AMPKα (Thr172), PGC-1α, plasma membrane GLUT-1 and GLUT-4 as well as on the glycogen contents in mice gastrocnemius. A trained (TR) protocol was used as positive control. Rodents were divided into naïve (N, sedentary mice), control (CT, sedentary mice submitted to the performance evaluations), TR, OTR/down, OTR/up and OTR groups. At the end of the experimental protocols, gastrocnemius samples were removed and used for immunoblotting analysis as well as for glycogen measurements. There was no significant difference between the experimental groups for the protein levels of pAkt (Ser473), pAMPKα (Thr172), PGC-1α, plasma membrane GLUT-1 and GLUT-4. However, the OTR/up protocol exhibited higher contents of glycogen compared to the CT and TR groups. In summary, the OTR/up group increased the gastrocnemius glycogen content without significant changes of pAkt (Ser473), pAMPKα (Thr172), PGC-1α, plasma membrane GLUT-1 and GLUT-4.
Heat Stress Prevents the Decrease in Succinate Dehydrogenase Activity in the Extensor Digitorum Longus of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: NONAKA K. , UNE S. , KOMATSU M. , YAMAJI R. , AKIYAMA J.
Published: May 2019

This study aimed to investigate whether heat stress (HS) prevents a decrease in succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity and heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) contents in the extensor digitorum longus of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Twelve-week-old male Wistar rats were assigned to one of the four groups (n=6/group): control (Con), HS, diabetes mellitus (DM), and diabetes mellitus and heat stress (DM+HS). Diabetes was induced by the administration of STZ (50 mg/kg). HS was initiated 7 days after STZ treatment and performed at 42 °C for 30 min 5 times a week for 3 weeks. SDH activity was decreased in the DM and DM+HS groups. However, SDH activity was greater in the DM+HS group than in the DM group. Although HSP60 content was lower in the DM group than in the Con group, it was maintained in the DM+HS groups and was higher than that in the DM group. SOD2 content was decreased only in the DM group. These findings suggest that HS prevents the decrease in SDH activity in the skeletal muscle induced by DM. According to this mechanism, the maintenance of SOD2 and HSP60 by HS may suppress the increase in oxidative stress.
Circulating Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: TROJOVA I. , KOZAROVA M. , PETRASOVA D. , MALACHOVSKA Z. , PARANICOVA I. , JOPPA P. , TKACOVA R.
Published: May 2019

Circulating lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), a metabolic endotoxemia marker, was identified as an independent predictor of atherosclerosis. Although increases in carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) were repeatedly reported in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), neither the role of OSA in metabolic endotoxemia nor of LBP in early atherosclerosis were explored in patients with OSA. At a tertiary university hospital we investigated the relationships between OSA, LBP and CIMT in 117 men who underwent full polysomnography and CIMT assessment by B-mode ultrasound. Circulating LBP concentrations and average CIMT increased from patients without OSA to those with
mild-moderate and severe OSA (from 32.1±10.3 to 32.3±10.9 to 38.1±10.3 μg.ml-1, p=0.015; from 0.52±0.09 to 0.58±0.06 to 0.62±0.10 mm, p=0.004, respectively). Oxygen desaturation index (ODI) was a predictor of serum LBP levels independent of age, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), smoking, hypertension, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides and fasting glucose [p (ANOVA)=0.002, r2=0.154], with no independent effect of the ODI*WHR interaction term on LBP. Furthermore, serum LBP predicted CIMT independently of known risk factors of atherosclerosis including obesity (p<0.001, r2=0.321). Our results suggest that OSA severity contributes to metabolic endotoxemia in patients with OSA independently of obesity, and that LBP might represent a contributing factor promoting early atherosclerosis in such patients.
Nilai Diagnostik USG Gray Scale, Color Doppler, dan Strain Elastografi dalam Menentukan Keganasan Tumor Payudara
Authors: Syahruddin Febie Irsandy , Muis Mirna , Murtala Bachtiar
Published: May 2019

The study’s aim is to analize the diagnostic values of Gray Scale ultrasound, Color Doppler and strain Elastography determining malignancy of breast tumor. The research was conducted at the Radiology Division of Wahidin Sudirohusodo and Hasanuddin University hospital in Makassar from February to March 2018 by using the diagnostic value. There were 51 research samples who had the clinical symptom of breast nodule. The examination of ultrasound gray scale, color doppler and strain elastography was performed to assess the breast nodules and determine malignancy and benign based on the classification of each examination. The results were based on USG breast and the three were compared. The comparative standard used was histopathological examinations as a gold and the data were analized using the Chi-Square test.The research results indicated that based on the histopatology examination from 51 samples, 18 samples (35,3%) had malignant tumor, and 33 samples (64,7%) had benign tumor. The gray scale revealed sensitivity of 94,4% and spesifisity of 81,8%, whereas usg color doppler based on vascular distribution revealed the sensitivity of 77,8% and the spesificity 93,9%, based on vascular amount of sensitivity 72,2% and spesificity 93,9% and resistance index sensitivity 89,4% and spesificity 87,5% with cut off value for malignant tumor ≥0,495 in 17 samples (81%), whereas benign has a resistance value index <0,495 in 28 samples (93,3%). As for the strain elastography based on Tsukuba scores, sensitivity was 94,4%, spesificity was 81,8%and based on strain ratio sensitivity was 94,4%, spesificity was 90,9% with cut off value for malignant tumor of ≥2,63, whereas benign tumor of <2,63. The highest sensitivity and spesificity were found in the examination of strain elastography based on strain ratio ,which were 94,4% dan 90,9% with the value of Area Under Curve of 0,906 with the cut-off point of 2,63.
Prinsip, Teknik, dan Algoritma untuk Karakterisasi Pencitraan Lesi-Lesi Adrenal Incidentaloma
Authors: Utomo Bambang Purwanto , Pramiadi Pramiadi
Published: May 2019

Adrenal Incidentaloma lesions are commonly detected by Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Lesion characterization is essential to predict the prognosis of the primary disease, to assess staging, and direct therapy. Imaging plays a critical role in the characterization of adrenal incidentaloma lesions. Imaging modalities have been developed forr accurately differentiating lesions by using anatomic and physiologic imaging principles and major adrenal imaging techniques currently available which include newly developed promising techniques. An imaging algorithm is provided to guide radiologists in recognizing, reporting, and managing adrenal lesions, so it leads to the appropriate test to make correct diagnosis. The purpose of this article is to discuss the principles, techniques and imaging algorithms in characterizing adrenal lesions.