bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A randomised controlled trial of kinematically and mechanically aligned total knee replacements
Authors: Dossett H. G. , Estrada N. A. , Swartz G. J. , LeFevre G. W. , Kwasman B. G.
Published: July 2014

We have previously reported the short-term radiological results of a randomised controlled trial comparing kinematically aligned total knee replacement (TKR) and mechanically aligned TKR, along with early pain and function scores. In this study we report the two-year clinical results from this trial. A total of 88 patients (88 knees) were randomly allocated to undergo either kinematically aligned TKR using patient-specific guides, or mechanically aligned TKR using conventional instruments. They were analysed on an intention-to-treat basis. The patients and the clinical evaluator were blinded to the method of alignment.

At a minimum of two years, all outcomes were better for the kinematically aligned group, as determined by the mean Oxford knee score (40 (15 to 48) versus 33 (13 to 48); p = 0.005), the mean Western Ontario McMaster Universities Arthritis index (WOMAC) (15 (0 to 63) versus 26 (0 to 73); p = 0.005), mean combined Knee Society score (160 (93 to 200) versus 137 (64 to 200); p= 0.005) and mean flexion of 121° (100 to 150) versus 113° (80 to 130) (p = 0.002). The odds ratio of having a pain-free knee at two years with the kinematically aligned technique (Oxford and WOMAC pain scores) was 3.2 (p = 0.020) and 4.9 (p = 0.001), respectively, compared with the mechanically aligned technique. Patients in the kinematically aligned group walked a mean of 50 feet further in hospital prior to discharge compared with the mechanically aligned group (p = 0.044).

In this study, the use of a kinematic alignment technique performed with patient-specific guides provided better pain relief and restored better function and range of movement than the mechanical alignment technique performed with conventional instruments.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:907–13.
The outcome following fixation of bicondylar tibial plateau fractures
Authors: Ahearn N. , Oppy A. , Halliday R. , Rowett-Harris J. , Morris S. A. , Chesser T. J. , Livingstone J. A.
Published: July 2014

Unstable bicondylar tibial plateau fractures are rare and there is little guidance in the literature as to the best form of treatment. We examined the short- to medium-term outcome of this injury in a consecutive series of patients presenting to two trauma centres. Between December 2005 and May 2010, a total of 55 fractures in 54 patients were treated by fixation, 34 with peri-articular locking plates and 21 with limited access direct internal fixation in combination with circular external fixation using a Taylor Spatial Frame (TSF). At a minimum of one year post-operatively, patient-reported outcome measures including the WOMAC index and SF-36 scores showed functional deficits, although there was no significant difference between the two forms of treatment. Despite low outcome scores, patients were generally satisfied with the outcome. We achieved good clinical and radiological outcomes, with low rates of complication. In total, only three patients (5%) had collapse of the joint of > 4 mm, and metaphysis to diaphysis angulation of greater than 5º, and five patients (9%) with displacement of > 4 mm. All patients in our study went on to achieve full union.

This study highlights the serious nature of this injury and generally poor patient-reported outcome measures following surgery, despite treatment by experienced surgeons using modern surgical techniques. Our findings suggest that treatment of complex bicondylar tibial plateau fractures with either a locking plate or a TSF gives similar clinical and radiological outcomes.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:956–62.
The influence of surgical factors on dislocation of the meniscal bearing after Oxford medial unicompartmental knee replacement
Authors: Lee S. Y. , Bae J. H. , Kim J. G. , Jang K. M. , Shon W. Y. , Kim K. W. , Lim H. C.
Published: July 2014

The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors for dislocation of the bearing after a mobile-bearing Oxford medial unicompartmental knee replacement (UKR) and to test the hypothesis that surgical factors, as measured from post-operative radiographs, are associated with its dislocation

From a total of 480 UKRs performed between 2001 and 2012, in 391 patients with a mean age of 66.5 years (45 to 82) (316 female, 75 male), we identified 17 UKRs where bearing dislocation occurred. The post-operative radiological measurements of the 17 UKRs and 51 matched controls were analysed using conditional logistic regression analysis. The post-operative radiological measurements included post-operative change in limb alignment, the position of the femoral and tibial components, the resection depth of the proximal tibia, and the femoral component-posterior condyle classification.

We concluded that a post-operative decrease in the posterior tibial slope relative to the pre-operative value was the only significant determinant of dislocation of the bearing after medial Oxford UKR (odds ratio 1.881; 95% confidence interval 1.272 to 2.779). A post-operative posterior tibial slope < 8.45° and a difference between the pre-operative and post-operative posterior tibial slope of > 2.19° may increase the risk of dislocation.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014; 96-B:914–22.
C5 nerve root palsy following decompression of the cervical spine
Authors: Guzman J. Z. , Baird E. O. , Fields A. C. , McAnany S. J. , Qureshi S. A. , Hecht A. C. , Cho S. K.
Published: July 2014

C5 nerve root palsy is a rare and potentially debilitating complication of cervical spine surgery. Currently, however, there are no guidelines to help surgeons to prevent or treat this complication.

We carried out a systematic review of the literature to identify the causes of this complication and options for its prevention and treatment. Searches of PubMed, Embase and Medline yielded 60 articles for inclusion, most of which addressed C5 palsy as a complication of surgery. Although many possible causes were given, most authors supported posterior migration of the spinal cord with tethering of the nerve root as being the most likely.

Early detection and prevention of a C5 nerve root palsy using neurophysiological monitoring and variations in surgical technique show promise by allowing surgeons to minimise or prevent the incidence of C5 palsy. Conservative treatment is the current treatment of choice; most patients make a full recovery within two years.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:950–5.
The professional attributes of surgeons
Authors: Marx Clare , Tomlinson Ralph
Published: July 2014

In recent editions the Bulletin has explored different aspects of professionalism, identifying some behaviours that underpin concepts of professionalism today.
Spilled gallstones during laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Ahmad J , Mayne AIW , Zen Y , Loughrey MB , Kelly P , Taylor M
Published: July 2014

Introduction

Incidental gallbladder cancer is found in 0.6–2.1% of patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic gallstones. Patients with Tis or T1a tumours generally undergo no further intervention. However, spilled stones during surgery may have catastrophic consequences. We present a case and suggest aggressive management in patients with incidental gallbladder cancer who had spilled gallstones at surgery.

Case History

A 37-year-old woman underwent a laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic gallstones, during which some stones were spilled into the peritoneal cavity. Subsequent histological examination confirmed incidental pT1a gallbladder cancer. Hepatopancreatobiliary multidisciplinary team discussion agreed on regular six-monthly follow-up. The patient developed recurrent pain two years after surgery. Computed tomography revealed a lesion in segment 6 of the liver. At laparotomy, multiple tumour embedded gallstones were found on the diaphragm. Histological examination showed features (akin to the original pathology) consistent with a metastatic gallbladder tumour.

Conclusions

This case highlights the potential for recurrence of early stage disease resulting from implantation of dysplastic or malignant cells carried through spilled gallstones. It is therefore important to know if stones were spilled during original surgery in patients with incidental gallbladder cancer following a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Aggressive and early surgical management should be considered for these patients.
A national audit of antibiotic prophylaxis in elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Graham HE , Vasireddy A , Nehra D
Published: July 2014

Introduction

Laparoscopic surgeons in Great Britain and Ireland were surveyed to assess their use of antibiotic prophylaxis in elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This followed a Cochrane review that found no evidence to support the use of antibiotic prophylaxis in routine cases.

Methods

Data were collected on routine use of antibiotics in elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and how that was influenced by factors such as bile spillage, patient co-morbidities and surgeons’ experience. An online questionnaire was sent to 450 laparoscopic surgeons in December 2011.

Results

Data were received from 111 surgeons (87 consultants) representing over 7,000 cases per year. In routine cases without bile spillage, 64% of respondents gave no antibiotics and 36% gave a single dose. In cases with bile spillage, 11% gave no antibiotics. However, 80% gave one dose and 7% gave three doses. Co-amoxiclav was used by 75% of surgeons. Surgeons are more likely to give antibiotics when patients have risk factors for infective endocarditis.

Conclusions

This study suggests over 20,000 doses of antibiotics and over £100,000 could be saved annually if surgeons modified their practice to follow current guidelines.
Use of the surgical Apgar score to guide postoperative care
Authors: Haddow JB , Adwan H , Clark SE , Tayeh S , Antonowicz SS , Jayia P , Chicken DW , Wiggins T , Davenport R , Kaptanis S , Fakhry M , Knowles CH , Elmetwally AS , Geddoa E , Nair MS , Naeem I , Adegbola S , Muirhead LJ
Published: July 2014

Introduction

The surgical Apgar score (SAS) can predict 30-day major complications or death after surgery. Studies have validated the score in different patient populations and suggest it should be used to objectively guide postoperative care. We aimed to see whether using the SAS in a decisive approach in a future randomised controlled trial (RCT) would be likely to demonstrate an effect on postoperative care and clinical outcome.

Methods

A total of 143 adults undergoing general/vascular surgery in 9 National Health Service hospitals were recruited to a pilot single blinded RCT and the data for 139 of these were analysed. Participants were randomised to a control group with standard postoperative care or to an intervention group with care influenced (but not mandated) by the SAS (decisive approach). The notional primary outcome was 30-day major complications or death.

Results

Incidence of major complications was similar in both groups (control: 20/69 [29%], intervention: 23/70 [33%], p=0.622). Immediate admissions to the critical care unit was higher in the intervention group, especially in the SAS 0–4 subgroup (4/6 vs 2/7) although this was not statistically significant (p=0.310). Validity was also confirmed in area under the curve (AUC) analysis (AUC: 0.77).

Conclusions

This pilot study found that a future RCT to investigate the effect of using the SAS in a decisive approach may demonstrate a difference in postoperative care. However, significant changes to the design are needed if differences in clinical outcome are to be achieved reliably. These would include a wider array of postoperative interventions implemented using a quality improvement approach in a stepped wedge cluster design with blinded collection of outcome data.
National Surgical Fellowship Scheme
Authors: Eardley Ian
Published: July 2014

In 2012, in collaboration with the specialty associations and with expert advice from the specialty advisory committees, the RCS launched the National Surgical Fellowship Scheme to address some of the issues surrounding fellowship training within the UK.
Google Glass: the future for surgical training?
Authors: Whitaker Matthew , Kuku Esther
Published: July 2014

On Thursday 22 May 2014, a surgeon at the Royal London Hospital became the first in the UK to broadcast a surgical procedure live online using Google Glass.
The history of 3D printing in healthcare
Authors: Whitaker Matthew
Published: July 2014

On 8 August 1984, Charles W ‘Chuck’ Hull filed US patent number US4575330 A, for Apparatus for production of three-dimensional objects by stereolithography. 1 Chuck’s apparatus was, in effect, the world’s first 3D printer.
Terrorism and other Determinants of Fear of Crime in the Philippines
Authors: Khruakham Seksan , Lee Joongyeup
Published: July 2014

Many studies in Western society have examined the determinants of fear of crime. However, research on fear of crime has rarely been conducted for Asian countries, particularly South East Asia. We examine the relationship between the concern of terrorism and fear of crime in the Philippines. Other determinants of fear of crime are also considered. Data were derived from the 1995 Social Weather Stations Survey in the Philippines. Statistical analysis reveals that concern of terrorism and four other factors, residential location, gender, marital status and victimisation due to home break-ins, were significant determinants of fear of crime in the Philippines. Policy implications and limitations are discussed.
An Examination of the Prevalence of Temporally Leading Questions in Child Witness Interviews
Authors: Guadagno Belinda L. , Powell Martine B.
Published: July 2014

Leading questions are generally defined as those that raise details not provided by the witness. Leading questions can raise content details (eg, actions, objects, persons) or can refer to the time when details occurred. The latter questions are referred to as temporally leading. Study 1 compared the incidence of content and temporally leading questions in field interviews conducted by police officers when eliciting accounts from children about repeated, or a single episode of, abuse. Study 2 extended the analysis to use standardised mock rather than field interviews, where there was a precise record of what events occurred. In both studies, temporally leading questions were more frequent than content-leading questions, but only in situations in which multiple occurrences of the event were being discussed. The implications of these results are discussed.
Modelling the Influence of Organisational Structure on Crime Analysis Technology Innovations in Municipal Police Departments
Authors: Randol Blake M.
Published: July 2014

In the past two decades, many local police agencies in the USA have adopted the rhetoric of being ‘problem-oriented’, ‘evidence-based’ or ‘intelligence-led’ after investing in crime analysis technologies used for crime mapping, hot spot identification, criminal investigations and intelligence gathering. Scholars have presented general arguments concerning the environmental and organisational factors that have influenced this technological trend in policing; to date, however, no known studies have empirically tested these hypotheses at the national level. This study seeks to help fill this gap using a sample of data drawn from the Department of Justice's 2007 Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics survey, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation's 2006 Uniform Crime Reports. Results reveal that several organisational factors including community policing were associated with agency adoptions of crime analysis technologies. Implications for the policing literature and avenues for future research are discussed.
Policing Organisations: The Role of the Corporate Security Function and the Implications for Suppliers
Authors: Gill Martin , Howell Charlotte
Published: July 2014

The enthusiasm to drive up standards in private security has generally been sought via various forms of statutory regulation. Important as these are, there are other drivers of standards that have received less attention. This article reports on the crucial role played by buyers of security in determining the quality of private security provision. Via an online survey of 151 security specialists employed by companies, and 509 directors/managers of security, suppliers' attitudes towards current practices in security are discussed. It emerges that although buyers of security see in-house as higher quality, they recognise that contractors offer more value, because they are cheaper. It is suggested that a key driver for the focus on cost rather than quality is the low status of security within organisations. Indeed, despite aspirations for security in organisations to be viewed as business-enhancing, it is all too often an unwelcome purchase. The implications are discussed.
Longitudinal Changes in the Physical Activity Patterns of Police Officers
Authors: Lagestad Pål , van den Tillaar Roland
Published: July 2014

The main objective of this study is to compare the frequency of physical activity and the use of training goals and training programmes among 139 police students at the end of their police studies and after three years' work as police officers. The priority level of different forms of training is also compared among the same police officers during the same period. Participants answered two surveys about their activity level and the priority level of different forms of training. The results show that their physical activity levels and the use of training programmes and training goals dropped after three years' work as police officers. During this period, the priority level increased for endurance, power and sprint training, but decreased for maximum strength training and bodybuilding. It is suggested that police chiefs in police districts make it easier for officers to engage in physical activity during work hours, according to the instructions of the National Police Directorate. Conducting mandatory physical fitness testing annually at police stations may also increase officers' motivation to engage in physical training. A longitudinal study on the priority of physical training is needed to determine whether this negative trend continues. Future studies should also investigate the ways in which to increase physical activity among police officers.
The Nigeria Police and the Search for Integrity in the Midst of Diverse Challenges: An Effective Police Management Approach
Authors: Ojo Matthias Olufemi Dada
Published: July 2014

This paper examines the challenges that threaten the integrity of the Nigeria police. Corruption, police brutality, bad discretion during investigations, stress, questionable recruitment and promotion, and poor police–community relations are identified and explained as factors that have seriously damaged the image and integrity of the Nigeria police. The paper proceeds to offer solutions to the problems through the eradication of corruption from the police and the whole of Nigerian society, effective management of police accountability, good salary and welfare packages for officers in the Nigeria police, complete professionalisation of the Nigeria police, further education and training for officers, and the establishment of good police–community relations. The implementation of these solutions will produce the ideal police institution, yearned for by the Nigerian people.
The County Sheriff in Films: A Portrait of Law Enforcement as a Symbol of Rural America
Authors: Placide MaCherie M. , LaFrance Casey
Published: July 2014

For years, there has existed a gap in academic research on county sheriffs in their role in rural law enforcement. However, the image of the county sheriff has been caricatured perennially on the silver screen, ie, in films. This study, rooted in cultivation theory, uses qualitative film analysis in an attempt to identify common themes and heuristics in media portrayals of the sheriff. After identifying these themes, we explore the implications of these portrayals for public perceptions of the sheriff as a professional law enforcement officer and as an elected official. We argue that the sheriff serves as a symbol of rural America — and conclude by discussing the implications of this phenomenon and how it might be ameliorated by more intense research focused on the sheriff.
How Useful is a Problem-Solving Approach to Police Station Conflict Management: Keeping the Peace among Police Officers
Authors: Corcoran Donal P.
Published: July 2014

Conflict management is the overall approach an organisation uses to respond to disputes and difficult issues in the workplace. Some of the theoretical ideas that underlie contemporary conflict management, however, are different from the prevailing cultural norms present in many policing organisations. For a police supervisor to develop the most effective approach to in-house conflict mediation then, some considered awareness might be necessary. The purpose of this article is first to distinguish the character of the traditional problem-solving approach to in-house police conflict management. It is suggested that the frame one applies to conflict may affect what one sees and does. Afterwards, the article draws on a case study of a workplace conflict that took place recently in the Irish National Police Service, relating to the introduction of a new-style criminal investigation. The purpose of this case study is to demonstrate that from a social interactionary perspective, the problem-solving conflict approach was not capable of unmasking the relational, meaning-making and value intricacies in the circumstances described. Drawing on this appraisal, an assessment is offered for police supervisors wishing to engage in their own mediation efforts, which encompasses a critical assessment of the deficiency of the problem-solving approach to personnel disagreements. Ultimately, a conclusion is reached that successful conflict intervention demands a careful look at the interpretive relationships between opposition parties; a police supervisor needs to help conflicting opponents to query much of what they suppose they know about the other, in order to learn what really motivates them and why.
Police Culture and the Integration of Women Officers in India
Authors: Natarajan Mangai
Published: July 2014

Broad social changes in developing countries such as India have resulted in the increased representation of women officers. The philosophy governing their integration into the police is that they should be treated equally to men and they should be provided with the same opportunities to undertake the same tasks. The influx of new cohorts of women into the police in recent years in India, resulting from its 1997 labour law legislation which required that 33 per cent of new hires for government organisations be women, provides the opportunity to examine how well women have been integrated into performing police tasks, how contented they are with their roles, how their male counterparts judge their performance and whether they accept women as equal partners. Using a survey questionnaire and an unstructured interview schedule, this study gathered data in 2010 from 222 men and 218 women police constables with 13 years or less service in the Tamil Nadu Police. The main finding of the study is that, in spite of the increased representation of women in the police force and their broad exposure to a wide range of duties, they are still negatively perceived by their male counterparts. This negative perception seems to have been internalised by women, many of whom reported that they prefer a traditional policing role. These findings suggest that the police should re-evaluate their gender integration policies, perhaps to include more gender-sensitive allocation of duties.
Identidade narrativa e plasticidade cerebral: algumas propostas pedagógicas
Authors: Guerrero Antonio Bernal , Gonçalves Teresa Paula Nico Rego
Published: July 2014

Os novos recursos da sociedade da informação, juntamente com os novos conhecimentos sobre o desenvolvimento humano e sobre o funcionamento do cérebro, oferecem uma nova perspectiva sobre os processos de construção da identidade e abrem novas possibilidades ao sujeito no seu processo de autoformação e autodeterminação. A construção narrativa da identidade e a plasticidade neuronal remetem para uma antropologia da complexidade que deve ter em consideração tanto as condições de risco,
de incerteza e de racionalidade incompleta através das quais se vai configurando a identidade do sujeito, como as novas possibilidades de realização pessoal que estas representam. Por isso, apresentamos algumas propostas pedagógicas que poderão coadjuvar a realização das promessas da plasticidade e da narratividade.
Telespectadores inteligentes
Authors: Aguaded Gómez José Ignacio
Published: July 2014

Ensinar as novas gerações a ver televisão constitui uma tarefa necessária e urgente, devido à presença notável deste medium, quase omnipresença, na vida dos cidadãos. É necessário, assim, educar os telespectadores, de um ponto de vista crítico e criativo, para que interajam activamente com a televisão, mediante o desenvolvimento de propostas concretas de formação de uma audiência activa e inteligente. Neste trabalho oferece-se um conjunto de sugestões para compreender a televisão e fomentar, no
âmbito da investigação, a análise crítica deste medium e apresenta-se uma panorâmica geral das principais reflexões e propostas apresentadas neste domínio na Europa e América. Conclui-se este trabalho com um desafio aos cidadãos e cidadãs, para que tomem consciência da sua condição de telespectadores, adquiram competências para interpretar a televisão e assumam os seus direitos face à mesma.
Análisis nutricional de la ingesta dietética realizada por jugadoras de voleibol profesional durante la fase competitiva de la liga regular.
Authors: Mielgo-Ayuso Juan , Urdampilleta Aritz , Martínez-Sanz José Miguel , Seco Jesús
Published: July 2014

Introducción: los aspectos nutricionales del voleibol femenino han sido poco estudiados y más en un periodo específico de entrenamiento como el periodo competitivo. El objetivo es valorar y conocer la ingesta calórica y de macronutrientes realizada por jugadoras de voleibol profesional de la superliga española durante 16 semanas de entrenamiento correspondientes a la fase competitiva y compararlas con las referencias marcadas para la población deportista.Material y Métodos: se analizó a 10 jugadoras de voleibol femenino (JVF) (26,6±5,9 años y talla 178,05±8,7cm), durante un total de 16 semanas de entrenamiento y competición correspondiente a la fase competitiva. Todas ellas firmaron el consentimiento informado. Todasrellenaron un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos (CFCA) de las 16 semanas del estudio, datos corroborados mediante un registro dietético de 7 días consecutivos, en la semana 9 y 16. Se calculó la ingesta de nutrientes diaria a partir de los datos del CFCA utilizando la tabla de composición de alimentos del CESNID, mediante el software Easy Diet, de la Asociación Española de Dietistas-Nutricionistas (AEDN).Resultados: el análisis energético-nutricional realizado a las jugadoras profesionales de voleibol muestra que la cantidad de energía y de los macronutrientes no se ajusta a las recomendaciones para el colectivo deportivo. Se observa una ingesta energética y de hidratos de carbono baja y una ingesta demasiado elevada en proteínas y lípidos.Conclusiones: se recomiendan aspectos prácticos para la mejora de la educación alimentaria en este grupo deportivo profesional.
USO DE BENZODIAZEPÍNICOS NA ESTRATÉGIA SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA: UM ESTUDO QUALITATIVO
Authors: Luz Rebecca Lustosa Silva de Almeida , Cruz Camila de Freitas , Dos Santos Ana Paula Mendonça , Neves Neto Juraci Leite , Alencar Bruno Rodrigues , De Oliveira Luciane Cristina Feltrin , Alencar Tatiane de Oliveira Silva
Published: July 2014

Trata-se de estudo de abordagem qualitativa que teve como objetivo discutir como ocorre a prática da prescrição, dispensação e o uso de benzodiazepínicos na Estratégia de Saúde da Família, em um município do estado da Bahia, Brasil. Foi utilizada, como técnica de coleta de dados, a entrevista semiestruturada aplicada a três grupos de sujeitos (usuários, prescritores e dispensadores das farmácias). Os resultados mostraram que não existem protocolos institucionais relacionados à prescrição e dispensação nas Unidades de Saúde da Família, havendo divergência nas práticas relacionadas ao uso de benzodiazepínicos. O acesso à terapêutica alternativa ao uso de benzodiazepínicos e a capacitação dos trabalhadores de saúde foram apontados como uma necessidade do serviço. A dispensação diverge dos dispositivos legais vigentes, sendo esta função realizada por técnicos de enfermagem e na ausência de farmacêuticos. Mudanças na prática dos trabalhadores e na sua relação com as necessidades de saúde dos usuários podem ser determinantes para provocar transformações nessa realidade.
PREVENÇÃO DA TRANSMISSÃO DE HEPATITES VIRAIS ENTRE MANICURES E PEDICURES – UMA REVISÃO
Authors: E Silva Luna Mayra da Silva , Silva Débora Cruz , Diniz James Soares , Felipe Ilana Mirian Almeida , Nunes Serlyjane Penha Hermano
Published: July 2014

As hepatites virais são responsáveis por elevadas taxas de morbidade e de mortalidade em todo o mundo e demandam altos investimentos em seus tratamentos. As hepatites B e C podem, frequentemente, apresentar-se de forma assintomática, o que ocasiona uma elevada quantidade de indivíduos infectados que desconhecem o fato de portarem a doen- ça. Considerando que a transmissão de tais hepatites pode ocorrer por meio da utilização de materiais perfurocortantes contaminados, os materiais de trabalho utilizados por manicures e pedicures podem constituir um meio de transmissão de tais patógenos. Desta forma, este estudo teve por objetivo realizar um levantamento bibliográfico a fim de se analisar o conhecimento de manicures e pedicures acerca da possibilidade de transmissão do patógeno causador de hepatites e os procedimentos que devem ser adotados por estes profissionais a fim de prevenirem esta transmissão. Foram realizadas pesquisas no Portal de Periódicos Capes e nas bases de dados Scielo e Lilacs, considerando-se publicações no período de 2003 a 2013. Pode-se observar, dentre as práticas destes profissionais, um baixo conhecimento acerca dos procedimentos preventivos, uma baixa adesão ao uso de equipamentos de proteção individual e à vacinação para hepatite B. A necessidade de formação de recursos humanos capacitados mostrou-se nítida, sendo esta imprescindível para a correta prevenção da transmissão destes patógenos por perfurocortantes contaminados.
Semi-Automatic Volumetric Segmentation of the Upper Airways in Patients with Pierre Robin Sequence
Authors: Salerno Sergio , Gagliardo Cesare , Vitabile Salvatore , Militello Carmelo , Latona Giuseppe , Giuffrè Mario , Lo Casto Antonio , Midiri Massimo
Published: July 2014

Pierre Robin malformation is a rare craniofacial dysmorphism whose pathogenesis is multifactorial. Although there is some agreement in non-invasive treatment in less severe cases, the dispute is still open on cases with severe respiratory impairment. We present a semi-automatic novel diagnostic tool for calculating upper airway volume, in order to eventually address surgery in patients with Pierre Robin Sequence (PRS). Multidetector CT datasets of two patients and two controls were tested to assess the proposed method for ROI segmentation, upper airway volume computation and three-dimensional reconstructions. The experimental results show an irregular pattern and a severely reduced cross-sectional area (CSA) with a mean value of 8.3808 mm2 in patients with PRS and a mean CSA value of 33.7692 mm2 in controls (a ΔCSA of about −75%). Moreover, the similarity indexes and sensitivity/specificity values obtained showed a good segmentation performance. In particular, mean values of Jaccard and Dice similarity indexes were 91.69% and 94.07%, respectively, while the mean values of specificity and sensitivity were 96.69% and 98.03%, respectively. The proposed tool represents an easy way to perform a quantitative analysis of airway volume and useful 3D reconstructions.
Inhibition of HDAC3 promotes ligand-independent PPARγ activation by protein acetylation
Authors: Jiang Xiaoting , Ye Xin , Guo Wei , Lu Hongyun , Gao Zhanguo
Published: July 2014

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a nuclear receptor whose activation is dependent on a ligand. PPARγ activation by exogenous ligands, such as thiazolidinediones (TZDs), is a strategy in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus for the improvement of insulin sensitivity. In addition to a ligand, PPARγ function is also regulated by posttranslational modifications, such as phosphorylation, sumoylation, and ubiquitination. Herein, we report that the PPARγ protein is modified by acetylation, which induces the PPARγ function in the absence of an external ligand. We observed that histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) interacted with PPARγ to deacetylate the protein. In immunoprecipitation assays, the HDAC3 protein was associated with the PPARγ protein. Inhibition of HDAC3 using RNAi-mediated knockdown or HDAC3 inhibitor increased acetylation of the PPARγ protein. Furthermore, inhibition of HDAC3 enhanced the expression of PPARγ target genes such as adiponectin and aP2. The expression was associated with an increase in glucose uptake and insulin signaling in adipocytes. HDAC3 inhibition enhanced lipid accumulation during differentiation of adipocytes. PPARγ acetylation was also induced by pioglitazone and acetylation was required for PPARγ activation. In the absence of TZDs, the acetylation from HDAC3 inhibition was sufficient to induce the transcriptional activity of PPARγ. Treating diet-induced obesity mice with HDAC3 inhibitor or pioglitazone for 2 weeks significantly improved high-fat-diet-induced insulin resistance. Our results indicate that acetylation of PPARγ is a ligand-independent mechanism of PPARγ activation. HDAC3 inhibitor is a potential PPARγ activator for the improvement of insulin sensitivity.
Screening for Nonviral Sexually Transmitted Infections in Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors:   COMMITTEE ON ADOLESCENCE and SOCIETY FOR ADOLESCENT HEALTH AND MEDICINE, Murray Pamela J. , Braverman Paula K. , Adelman William P. , Breuner Cora C. , Levine David A. , Marcell Arik V. , Murray Pamela J. , O’Brien Rebecca F. , Burstein Gale R.
Published: July 2014

Prevalence rates of many sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are highest among adolescents. If nonviral STIs are detected early, they can be treated, transmission to others can be eliminated, and sequelae can be averted. The US Preventive Services Task Force and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have published chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis screening guidelines that recommend screening those at risk on the basis of epidemiologic and clinical outcomes data. This policy statement specifically focuses on these curable, nonviral STIs and reviews the evidence for nonviral STI screening in adolescents, communicates the value of screening, and outlines recommendations for routine nonviral STI screening of adolescents.
The Commercialisation of Modern Islamic Insurance Providers: A Study of Takaful Business Frameworks in Malaysia
Authors: Noordin Kamaruzaman , @Muzakir Mohd. Rijal Muwazir , Madun Azian
Published: July 2014

A commercial insurance contract is deemed invalid by many Muslim scholars due to the fact that it is a mu`awada (financial exchange) contract, which is overwhelmed by prohibited elements such as gharar (uncertainty), riba (interest), and maysir (gambling). As an alternative, a Shari`acompliant insurance scheme (also known as takaful) that supposedly run on the principles of mutual co-operation was proposed by the scholars and subsequently institutionalized in the late 1970s. Nevertheless, after more than 30 years, it appears that the majority of takaful operators currently exist worldwide were established as joint-stock or public limited companies (PLCs). As a result, it could be argued that the original concept of takaful was later overshadowed by the element of profit-making as observed in commercial insurance entities. This paper therefore sets out to examine those issues, which directly relate to this form of commercialisation. It argues that since the establishment of insurance companies based on commercial framework is impermissible, it could possibly affect the validity of present takaful arrangement. This study is mainly qualitative and relies greatly upon the documentation method. It is also based on afieldwork method, since the business models adopted by several takaful operators in Malaysia are carefully examined. In general, it is found that the characteristics of a commercial takaful entity may not necessarily be similar to that of its conventional counterpart.
Syeikh Abdul Qadir Bin Abdur Rahim Al-Fathani Bukit Bayas (1864) Towards Hadith Works and Writings of Fiqh Muamalat al-Maliyyah: An Introduction of The Malay Jawi Manuscript Entitled: Risalah fi Bayani Hukmi Bai’i war Riba
Authors: Nizam Mohd Khairul , Ahmad Mahmud , Jannah Nurul
Published: July 2014

The Malay work of writings which put Hadith as the Mawdu’ (title) of the writings of Malay Archipelago’s scholars is considered Nadir (small). This view is based on the remnants and the writings of Malay Archipelago’s scholars that are mostly focused on the aspect of tasawuf, fiqh and tauhid. This can be seen from their works or books circulated in the market that are still be read by the Malays. The historical development of knowledge in the Malay archipelago stated that the Malay ulamas have been in command of various fields of knowledge and disciplines such as Astronomy, Mathematics, Medicine and etc.This paperwork is an effort to discover the treasure of those Malay ulamas in producing written works on Fiqh Muamalat al-Maliyyahand putting hadith as a source. This writing is also to introduce Syeikh Abdul Qadir Bin Abdur  Rahim Al-Fathani Bukit Bayas Terengganu and his book entitled “Risalah fi Bayani Hukmi Bai’i  war Riba (papers describing on the matters of purchasing and interests). This book has been classified as a nadir (small) manuscript. This paper will also observe the method used in narrating hadith, total number of hadith and the source of hadith in the book.
Alocação de recursos financeiros em projetos de risco na exploração de petróleo
Authors: Nepomuceno Filho Francisco , Suslick Saul B.
Published: July 2014

As recentes mudanças no setor petrolífero implicam um novo ambiente de exploração de intensa competição no Brasil. As tendências de internacionalização da exploração obrigam as empresas a adotarem técnicas padronizadas de avaliação e comparação de prospectos visando à redução do risco. Dentro dessa perspectiva, os indivíduos necessitam de um processo decisório que contemple os objetivos da empresa, as metas desejadas e as restrições orçamentárias. Este artigo descreve um sistema teórico e prático de suporte à tomada de decisão baseada na teoria da utilidade e da análise da decisão, com o objetivo de estimar a melhor alocação de capital em uma bacia sedimentar. Além disso, esse sistema possibilita estimar o melhor nível de participação financeira de uma firma em um projeto de exploração de petróleo realizado em parceria.
Gestão ambiental proativa
Authors: Sanches Carmen Silvia
Published: July 2014

As empresas industriais que procuram manter-se competitivas ou mesmo sobreviver e se ajustar a um ambiente de negócios turbulento e imprevisível percebem cada vez mais que, diante das questões ambientais, são exigidas novas posturas, num processo de renovação contínua, seja na maneira de operar seus negócios, seja em suas organizações. Nesse sentido, as empresas industriais estão desenvolvendo novas formas de lidar com os problemas ambientais, mediante mecanismos de auto-regulação ou por meio de uma gestão ambiental proativa.
Estrategias emergentes au deliberadas: um estudo de caso com os vencedores do premio "Top de Morketing" da ADYB
Authors: Borges Jr. Adilson Adão , Luce Fernando Bins
Published: July 2014

O presente artigo tem por objetivo principal apresentar os conceitos de estratégias emergentes e deliberadas dentro de um contexto mais amplo de marketing estratégico. A administração dessas estratégias na empresa é de extrema importância para seus objetivos. Para tanto, o método do estudo de casos foi aplicado a fim de buscar as várias dimensões pertinentes a esse tema. Como contribuição à administração estratégica nas organizações, fica a composição das estratégias emergentes e deliberadas, visando, fundamentalmente, à flexibilidade no curto prazo, com consistência no longo prazo.
Rumo a sustentabilidade da producao de cana-de-açúcar em São Paulo: as cantas ambientais
Authors: Mello Renato de
Published: July 2014

Este artigo avalia o agroecossistema de cana-de-açúcar, considerando as implicações ambientais e o uso de recursos naturais como fatores de produção. Os custos são estimados em medidas financeiras e energéticas em três cenários. Os resultados indicaram incremento dos custos energéticos de 4,02% a 4,12% no cenário da internalização dos custos ambientais e que é possível, ainda, a produção financeiramente rentável com ecossistema sustentado. Também mostraram que as diferenças dos valores da energia despendida entre os três são pequenas e que a perspectiva sustentada somente será atrativa a partir da atribuição social de maior valor aos aspectos ambientais.
Taking the "cross" out of cross-cultural transfer of management practice
Authors: Stephen David
Published: July 2014

Multi-national enterprises often attempt to replicate successful management practices in "foreign" environments. However, such practices may be ethnocentric because they fit the assumptions, behaviors, expectations, and values of the home cultural environment. Unless the underlying assumptions are shared, transfer to a differing environment may fail. Even if the focus is shifted from cultural differences to implementation, implementation approaches may also be criticized as ethnocentric for the same reasons. In this article, a non-ethnocentric model is expanded and used to test the portability of one management practice, performance appraisal, from the USA to Brazil. This "Test of Portability" may help managers understand which management practices are portable, and, perhaps even more valuable, provide a rationale for adaptation or rejection.
Estratégia nas empresas de internet: lições da informalidade
Authors: Barros Marco A.
Published: July 2014

Pesquisas realizadas sobre o tema de formação de estratégias em pequenas empresas indicam que estas não usam abordagens formais para o apoio ao processo de planejamento estratégico. Elas tendem a utilizar uma abordagem informal e oportunista na criação de estratégias. Os resultados deste artigo mostram que pequenas firmas de prestação de serviços para a Internet não adotam ferramentas do tipo tool-kit. Elas aplicam um conjunto de atividades influenciadas por três dimensões características na formação de estratégias: "incrementalismo", informalidade e networking. Este estudo revela, ainda, que as empresas não empregam, de forma sistemática, as ferramentas acadêmicas concebidas para apoiar o processo de desenvolvimento de estratégias. Essas ferramentas foram percebidas como consumidoras de tempo e impróprias para a adoção pelas empresas analisadas.
Empreendedorismo e construção da base de recursos
Authors: G. Brush Candida , G. Greene Patricia , M. Hart Myra
Published: July 2014

Estratégias para obter vantagens competitivas enfatizam o desenvolvimento e a transformação dos recursos existentes em uma base de recursos única e de valor. Mas e se você ainda não tiver o legado das forças dos recursos? Empreendedores em organizações novas precisam, primeiramente, reunir recursos, para, então, combiná-los e construir uma plataforma de recursos que gerará capacidades diferenciais. Neste artigo, os estudos de casos ilustram os desafios enfrentados pelos empreendedores na identificação, atração, combinação e transformação dos recursos individuais em recursos organizacionais. São fornecidos dois instrumentos analíticos para avaliar as necessidades iniciais de recursos e desenvolver uma estratégia de recursos que intensifique as possibilidades de criação de valor. Essa abordagem fornece orientação para empreendedores que busquem construir uma base de recursos.
Perfil da pesquisa em finanças no Brasil
Authors: Pereira Câmara Leal Ricardo , de Oliveira Jefferson , Feldman Soluri Aline
Published: July 2014

Este trabalho analisa uma amostra de 551 artigos da área de finanças publicados entre 1974 e 2001 na Revista de Administração Contemporânea (RAC), Revista de Administração de Empresas (RAE) , Revista de Administração da Universidade de São Paulo (RAUSP), Revista Brasileira de Economia (RBE) e Revista Brasileira de Mercado de Capitais (RBMEC), além dos 264 artigos incluídos dos Anais do Enanpad. O levantamento mostra que a maioria dos artigos apresenta somente um autor. A produtividade dos autores nacionais está mais concentrada em poucos indivíduos e é mais baixa do que o sugerido pela teoria bibliométrica. Mais de 70% dos autores publicou apenas um artigo. Os artigos dos autores que publicaram pelo menos 4 trabalhos têm idade média maior do que a de artigos de autores igualmente prolíficos nos Anais do Enanpad. A maioria dos artigos são de autores afiliados à UFRJ, PUC/RJ e USP. Os autores do antigo Ibmec¹ aparecem em número expressivo, mas seus artigos estão concentrados na RBMEC, nas décadas de 70 e 80. Os autores da UFRGS, UFRJ e PUC/RJ respondem por dois terços da produção dos autores com pelo menos 4 artigos publicados nos Anais. O Rio de Janeiro aparece como o estado com mais autores prolíficos e não há autores nestas condições em outras regiões que não a Sul e a Sudeste.
Comprometimento organizacional em organizações autentizóticas: um estudo luso-brasileiro
Authors: Rego Arménio , Souto Solange
Published: July 2014

Este artigo tem o objetivo de mostrar como as percepções dos indivíduos acerca de seis características organizacionais autentizóticas - espírito de camaradagem, credibilidade do superior, comunicação aberta com o superior, oportunidades de aprendizagem e desenvolvimento pessoal, eqüidade e conciliação trabalho-família - explicam três dimensões do comprometimento organizacional. Na primeira fase, replicou-se estudo anterior, realizado em Portugal, com o objetivo de operacionalizar o construto das organizações autentizóticas. Na segunda fase, realizaram-se estudos confirmatórios, em Portugal e no Brasil. A evidência empírica salienta as boas propriedades psicométricas do construto e mostra como as variáveis autentizóticas explicam o comprometimento, sobretudo o componente afetivo. As dimensões autentizóticas mais relevantes são o espírito de camaradagem, a credibilidade do superior e as oportunidades de aprendizagem e desenvolvimento pessoal.
O discurso das fundações corporativas: caminhos de uma "nova" filantropia?
Authors: Florindo Borges Jacquelaine , Miranda Rodrigo , Machado Valadão Júnior Valdir
Published: July 2014

O investimento social privado se realiza, muitas vezes, por meio das fundações corporativas. Este artigo analisa como as fundações constroem discursivamente sua relação com a empresa e a sociedade a partir do tema responsabilidade social. O método de análise de discurso é utilizado com o objetivo de identifi car e compreender como a companhia e a sociedade estão presentes no discurso de seis fundações. A análise revela que, além de protagonistas na criação de valor social, essas entidades vêm desempenhando um papel estratégico para a companhia, conforme a retórica da "nova" filantropia. Primeiro, quando assumem a função de dialogar com os stakeholders, tornando-se pontos de referência para a compreensão das necessidades, dos interesses e das expectativas da sociedade. Segundo, como espaço ampliado de gestão, visto que a companhia está presente de forma significativa no discurso das fundações.