bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial patterns in ant colonies
Authors: Theraulaz Guy , Bonabeau Eric , Nicolis Stamatios C. , Solé Ricard V. , Fourcassié Vincent , Blanco Stéphane , Fournier Richard , Joly Jean-Louis , Fernández Pau , Grimal Anne , Dalle Patrice , Deneubourg Jean-Louis
Published: July 2002

The origins of large-scale spatial patterns in biology have been an important source of theoretical speculation since the pioneering work by Turing (1952) on the chemical basis of morphogenesis. Knowing how these patterns emerge and their functional role is important to our understanding of the evolution of biocomplexity and the role played by self organization. However, so far, conclusive evidence for local activation–long-range inhibition mechanisms in real biological systems has been elusive. Here a well-defined experimental and theoretical analysis of the pattern formation dynamics exhibited by clustering behavior in ant colonies is presented. These experiments and a simple mathematical model show that these colonies do indeed use this type of mechanism. All microscopic variables have been measured and provide the first evidence, to our knowledge, for this type of self-organized behavior in complex biological systems, supporting early conjectures about its role in the organization of insect societies.
The similative-pretence alternating pair and filler-slot relations
Authors: Olguin Martinez Jesus , Gries Stefan Th.
Published: February 2025

The present paper investigates the similative-pretence alternating pair in Mexican Spanish (como/igual
que and como si constructions) based on the analysis of 1362 instances from The Corpus del Español
NOW (News on the Web) corpus. We apply a revised version of distinctive collexeme analysis to our concordance data to explore the
variety of different verbs that can occur in the first slot of similative and pretence constructions. Specifically, we use (i) a
new measure that distinguishes the attraction that a verb lemma exerts on a construction from the attraction that a construction
exerts on a verb lemma and (ii) bootstrapping on the level of files to, for the first time, provide proper confidence intervals in
the context of collostructional studies. The from-verb lemma-to-construction analysis shows that there is a significant attraction
of epistemic lemmas (e.g., parecer ‘to seem’) to occur in como ‘like’, and of mistaken identity
lemmas (e.g., actuar ‘to act’) to appear in como si ‘as if’ constructions. The
from-construction-to-verb lemma analysis, on the other hand, demonstrates that igual que ‘like’ significantly
attracts epistemic perception verbs (e.g., ver ‘to look’), and como si ‘as if’ constructions
significantly attract the verb lemma sentir ‘to feel.’
Grounded cognition and the role of musical expertise in shaping synesthetic metaphors among a music speech
community
Authors: Boieblan Mostafa
Published: February 2025

Synesthesia had been studied mainly as an early intersensory association in the brain, i.e., the experience of
this phenomenon in synesthetes arises in childhood, or perhaps earlier, and lasts over a lifespan. However, empirical research
provides extensive evidence that synesthesia might be induced or acquired at a later age and might surface in cognitive and verbal
forms — through synesthetic metaphors, including bright sounds and loud colors. Although these
examples demonstrate that we are all synesthetes, at least to some extent, the question that arises is whether musical expertise
favors the development of certain types of synesthetic mappings that might prove meaningless outside the context where they have
been produced and consolidated. Participants were recruited from three university centers, Music (n = 25),
Linguistics (n = 25), and Engineering (n = 25), to rate, in terms of comprehensibility, seventy
synesthetic metaphors whose target domain is musical sound. As the music group is instructed on how to
capture the nuances of musical sounds, this group might conceive of and verbalize such sounds distinctly. Participants’ responses,
which were analyzed for statistical significance using a Chi-square test of independence, show that the music group’s rating
statistically differs from that of the other groups, indicating that musical expertise does lead to the emergence of synesthetic
metaphors specific to musical discourse.
Suspected Autism Spectrum Disorder in a Young Bull Terrier Cross: Clinical Management and Treatment Outcome
Authors: Masson Sylvia , Giraud Lucile , Bleuer-Elsner Stéphane
Published: February 2025

This case report explores the diagnosis and management of a young Bull Terrier cross presenting with behaviors resembling autism spectrum disorder (ASD), complicated by the presence of Addison’s disease. The dog exhibited intense compulsive behaviors, such as prolonged fixation, erratic social interactions, and excessive barking, which are traits often associated with ASD in humans. A comprehensive evaluation, including MRI, revealed atypical cortical sulcal morphology and ventricular enlargement, suggestive of neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Medical history further revealed gastrointestinal symptoms, and Addison’s disease was subsequently diagnosed, introducing additional complexity to the clinical picture. To manage the dog’s behavior, a treatment regimen was implemented, including fluoxetine, gabapentin, clonidine, and cyproterone acetate, alongside structured behavioral interventions. The case emphasizes the value of combining pharmacological and behavioral therapies in veterinary practice, particularly in complex cases involving neurodevelopmental conditions. This report contributes to the growing field of veterinary psychiatry, providing insights into ASD-like disorders in dogs and suggesting future directions for research in veterinary behavioral science.

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A Decade of One Health Implementation in Somalia: Challenges and Opportunities for Institutionalization
Authors: Hared Yusuf Abdi , Mumin Farah I. , Mor Siobhan , Mohamed Shafii Abdullahi , Nguka Gordon , Knight-Jones Theo , Richards Shauna
Published: February 2025

One Health (OH)-oriented initiatives are essential for addressing complex health challenges in Somalia given the country’s economy depends heavily on the livestock, agriculture, and marine resources. The Capacitating One Health in Eastern and Southern Africa (COHESA) project supported a comprehensive assessment of the status of OH in Somalia through 21 key informant interviews, two focus group discussions, a desk review of secondary data and net-mapping with OH stakeholders. This multi-faceted approach aimed to deepen the understanding of OH concepts and their interconnectedness with human, animal, and ecosystem health. The study identified several critical challenges and opportunities within the Somali context, focusing on innovations in governance, education, and implementation. Key findings revealed significant gaps, including limited infrastructure, insufficient government funding for OH initiatives, and an overreliance on external donor support. Moreover, there is a notable lack of institutionalization of OH within various government sectors, which hinders effective collaboration. This assessment underscores the urgent need for enhanced funding, capacity building, and the establishment of sustainable governance structures. By addressing these gaps, Somalia can leverage OH principles to improve health outcomes for humans, animals, and the environment, thereby fostering a healthier and more resilient society.

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© The Authors 2025
Calreticulin reveals a critical Ca2+ checkpoint in cardiac myofibrillogenesis
Authors: Li Jian , Pucéat Michel , Perez-Terzic Carmen , Mery Annabelle , Nakamura Kimitoshi , Michalak Marek , Krause Karl-Heinz , Jaconi Marisa E.
Published: July 2002

Calreticulin (crt) is an ubiquitously expressed and multifunctional Ca2+-binding protein that regulates diverse vital cell functions, including Ca2+ storage in the ER and protein folding. Calreticulin deficiency in mice is lethal in utero due to defects in heart development and function. Herein, we used crt−/− embryonic stem (ES) cells differentiated in vitro into cardiac cells to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying heart failure of knockout embryos. After 8 d of differentiation, beating areas were prominent in ES-derived wild-type (wt) embryoid bodies (EBs), but not in ES-derived crt−/− EBs, despite normal expression levels of cardiac transcription factors. Crt−/− EBs exhibited a severe decrease in expression and a lack of phosphorylation of ventricular myosin light chain 2 (MLC2v), resulting in an impaired organization of myofibrils. Crt−/− phenotype could be recreated in wt cells by chelating extracellular or cytoplasmic Ca2+ with EGTA or BAPTA, or by inhibiting Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinases (CaMKs). An imposed ionomycin-triggered cystolic-free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c) elevation restored the expression, phosphorylation, and insertion of MLC2v into sarcomeric structures and in turn the myofibrillogenesis. The transcription factor myocyte enhancer factor C2 failed to accumulate into nuclei of crt−/− cardiac cells in the absence of ionomycin-triggered [Ca2+]c increase. We conclude that the absence of calreticulin interferes with myofibril formation. Most importantly, calreticulin deficiency revealed the importance of a Ca2+-dependent checkpoint critical for early events during cardiac myofibrillogenesis.
Delayed Cellular Maturation and Decreased Immunoglobulin κ Light Chain Production In Immature B Lymphocytes Lacking B Cell Linker Protein
Authors: Xu Shengli , Lam Kong-Peng
Published: July 2002

B cell linker (BLNK) protein is a component of the B cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway and BLNK−/− mice have a block in B lymphopoiesis at the pro-B/pre-B cell stage. To study the effect of BLNK mutation at later stages of B cell development, we introduce an innocuous transgenic BCR into BLNK−/− mice and show that two populations of immature B cells distinguishable by their IgMlow (lo) and IgMhigh (hi) phenotypes are found in the bone marrow of these mice in contrast to a single population of IgMhi cells found in control BCR-transgenic BLNK+/+ mice. The mutant IgMlo and IgMhi cells are at an earlier developmental stage compared with the control IgMhi cells as indicated by their differential expression of CD43, B220, and major histocompatibility complex class II antigens and their timing of generation in culture. Thus, in the absence of BLNK the differentiation of immature B cells is delayed. Furthermore, mutant IgMlo cells produce equivalent level of immunoglobulin (Ig) μ but less Ig κ proteins than control and mutant IgMhi cells and this defect is attributed to a decrease in the amount of κ transcripts being generated. Finally, splenic B cells in BCR-transgenic BLNK−/− mice are predominantly of the transitional B cell phenotype and are rapidly lost from the peripheral B cell pool. Taken together, the data suggest a role for BLNK and perhaps BCR signaling, in the regulation of κ light chain expression and continued immature B cell differentiation.
Liquid surface discharge nitrogen fixation: Performance, spatial distribution and mechanisms
Authors: Zhou Zi-Kai , Li Yao , Liang Jian-Ping , Wang Sen , Wen Xiao Qiong , Yang Dezheng
Published: February 2025

Gas-liquid discharge is considered to be one of the most promising technologies for nitrogen fixation because of its ability to generate high concentrations of reactive species in the gas-liquid phase. Increasing the contact area between the plasma and the liquid is considered to be an effective method to improve the mass transfer efficiency. In this study, a nanosecond pulse was employed to drive a coplanar plate-like electrode to achieve a large liquid surface discharge of about 70*30 mm2, the effects of voltage, frequency, conductivity and temperature on NOx-concentration in water were investigated and the nitrogen fixation performance and plasma characteristics were qualitatively analyzed at different discharge positions. The results show that both electrical and solution parameters have important effects on the nitrogen fixation performance of liquid surface discharges. The highest NO3- concentration was up to 1.43 mM and the lowest energy consumption for nitrogen fixation was 14.74 MJ/mol. The dissolution of gas-phase nitrogen oxides is the key to the formation of liquid-phase nitrogen oxides, and higher vibration and gas temperatures are favorable for NOx-generation. This study provides some theoretical ideas for the design of gas-liquid discharge reactors.
Soft and Responsive: Rheological Insights into PNIPAM based Microgels and Applications
Authors: Franco Silvia , Ruzicka Barbara , Angelini Roberta
Published: February 2025

In this review, we synthesize and critically evaluate past and recent findings on the rheology of microgels based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), versatile soft materials with tunable properties, providing a comprehensive analysis of their flow behaviour. Differences and similarities are pointed out depending on their stucture: homopolymeric, core-shell, copolymeric and interpenetrate polymer networks microgels. We discuss rotational and oscillatory shear rheology measurements and examine the influence of crosslinker density, temperature, pH, and polymer concentration. Additionally, we highlight the practical implications in the knowledge of the rheological properties for applications. Through this review, therefore, we aim to create a solid starting point for all scientists involved in this research area with a powerful source identifying current challenges and potential future research directions.
Driving force of atomic ordering in Fe-Pt alloys, investigated by density functional theory and machine-learning interatomic potentials Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Tsuyama Tomoyuki , Kaneshita Takeshi , Matsui Akira , Ochiai Kohei , Tanka Hiroaki , Kondo Ryohei , Fukushima Takayuki , Ohashi Haruhisa , Hashimoto Atsushi , Okuno Yoshishige , Zhu Jian-Gang
Published: February 2025

We report the mechanisms of atomic ordering in Fe-Pt bimetallic alloysusing density functional theory (DFT) and machine-learning interatomic potentialMonte Carlo (MLIP-MC) simulations. We clarified that the formation enthalpy ofthe ordered phase was significantly enhanced by spin polarization compared to thatof the disordered phase. Analysis of the density of states indicated that coherencein local potentials in the ordered phase brings energy gain over the disordered phase,when spin is considered. MLIP-MC simulations were performed to investigate thephase transition of atomic ordering at finite temperatures. The model trained usingthe DFT dataset with spin polarization exhibited quantitatively good agreement withprevious experiments and thermodynamic calculations across a wide range of Ptcompositions. In contrast, the model without spin significantly underestimated thetransition temperature. Through this study, we clarified that spin polarization isessential for accurately accounting for the ordered phase in Fe-Pt bimetallic alloys,even above the Curie temperature, possibly because of the remaining short-range spinorder.
A combinational partial ambiguity resolution method based on dual-station TDCP for low-cost receivers in urban environments
Authors: Ye Chenglong , zhu huizhong , Tao Jun
Published: February 2025

In response to the difficulties of achieving full ambiguity resolution (FAR) for real-time kinematic (RTK) with low-cost receivers in urban environments, early scholars proposed partial ambiguity resolution (PAR) methods. However, a PAR method is challenging to apply in the diverse and complex scenarios typical of urban environments. In addition, the frequent occurrence of multipath effects and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) signals significantly increases the difficulty of ambiguity resolution. In response to these challenges, this study presents a quality control and PAR strategy based on the dual-station time-differenced carrier phase (TDCP), and combines this strategy with PAR strategies based on the elevation angle, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and decorrelated variance, to enhance the positioning accuracy of low-cost receivers in urban environments. This article refers to it as a combinational partial ambiguity resolution (CPAR). Two kinematic experiments are conducted in different urban environments with different boards to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed strategies. The results show that the quality control and PAR strategy based on dual-station TDCP improved the positioning accuracy by 25%-50% compared with that of FAR in dynamic environments, with fixing rate increase of over 40%. The proposed CPAR method performed best in urban environments, achieving centimeter-level positioning accuracy across different scenarios, with a fixing rate exceeding 85%.
Recent advances in MXene catalyst towards enhanced hydrogen storage of Mg/MgH2: A review
Authors: Yan Zhaoqian , Zheng Wenguang , Hao Gongtao , Wei Yajuan , Luo Mengmeng
Published: February 2025

Hydrogen is regarded as an ideal substitute for fossil fuels on account of its advantages of high energy density, zero carbon emissions, and abundant reserves. Solid-state hydrogen storage is one of the most promising hydrogen storage methods in terms of high-volume storage density and safety. MgH2 is a promising solid hydrogen storage material because of its high hydrogen storage capacity and favorable cycle reversibility. Nevertheless, its inferior thermodynamic and kinetic properties restrict its extensive application. Catalyst modification is considered to be an efficient way to enhance the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of hydrogenation and dehydrogenation for MgH2. This review summarizes the latest research progress on MXene-based composites, such as MAX, single metal MXene, bimetallic MXene, MXene/elemental metal, and MXene/transition metal compounds for promoting the hydrogen storage performances of MgH2. At the same time, the catalyst of MXene-based composites to optimize the hydrogenation/dehydrogenation kinetics, long cycle performance and catalytic mechanism of Mg/MgH2 are discussed in detail.
Bowel tracking for MR-guided radiotherapy: simultaneous optimization of small bowel imaging and tracking
Authors: Damen Saskia Laura Corry , van Lier Astrid L H M W , Zachiu Cornel , Raaymakers Bas W
Published: February 2025

Background and purposeThe small bowel is one of the most radiosensitive organs-at-risk during radiotherapy in the pelvis. This is further complicated due to anatomical and physiological motion. Thus, its accurate tracking becomes of particular importance during therapy delivery, to obtain better dose-toxicity relations and/or to perform safe adaptive treatments. The aim of this work is to simultaneously optimize the MR imaging sequence and motion estimation solution towards improved small bowel tracking precision during radiotherapy delivery. Materials and methodsAn MRI sequence was optimized, to adhere to the respiratory and peristaltic motion frequencies, by assesing the performance of an image registration algorithm on data acquired on volunteers and patients. In terms of tracking, three registration algorithms, previously-employed in the scope of image-guided radiotherapy, were investigated. The optimized scan was acquired for 7.5 min., in 18 patients and for 15 min., in 10 volunteers at a 1.5T MRL (Unity, Elekta AB). The tracking precision was evaluated and validated by means of three different quality assurance criteria: Structural Similarity Index Metric (SSIM), Inverse Consistency (IC) and Absolute Intensity Difference (AID). ResultsThe optimal sequence was a balanced Fast Field Echo (FFE), which acquired a 3D volume of the abdomen, with a dynamic scan time of 1.8 seconds. An optical flow algorithm performed best and which was able to resolve most of the motion. This was shown by mean IC values of < 1 mm and a mean SSIM >0.9 for the majority of the cases.A strong positive correlation (p<0.001) between the registration performance and visceral fat percentage was found, where a higher visceral fat percentage gave a better registration due to the better image contrast. ConclusionsA method for simultaneous optimization of imaging and tracking was presented, which derived an imaging and registration procedure for accurate small bowel tracking on the MR-Linac.
Antimicrobial thiol-acrylate vitrimers synthesized from glycerol and vanillin derivatives
Authors: Kazlauskaite Brigita , Grauželienė Sigita , Bridziuviene Danguole , Raudoniene Vita , Rainosalo Egidija , Ostrauskaite Jolita
Published: February 2025

This work presents innovations in polymer science through the development of antimicrobial and reprocessable shape-memory vitrimers from biobased vanillin and glycerol acrylates, incorporating pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate). The addition of this thiol increased resin viscosity and reduced shrinkage and rigidity, without significantly affecting polymerization rate. Samples containing 20 wt.% of thiol exhibited self-welding and 40 % self-healing efficiency after just 10 minutes of heating at 180 °C and without additional pressure, significantly improving mechanical properties. The ability of vitrimers to maintain a temporary shape and return to a permanent shape under temperature changes showed shape-memory behavior, making them suitable for medicine, electronics, and robotics. The mechanical properties remained consistent after three reprocessing cycles, highlighting the sustainability of the vitrimers. The antimicrobial activity of these vitrimers showed efficacy up to 100 %, suitable for antimicrobial films, coatings, and 3D printed parts. Microimprint lithography enabled micrometer-scale patterns, highlighting broad practical applications of the vitrimers.
Unraveling the impact of potassium doping on the structure, optical, and electric properties of CdO nanopowder
Authors: Hameed Talaat A , Ibrahim R.S. , Azab Ali
Published: February 2025

It has been proven that alkali metals significantly influence the optical, electrical, and dielectric properties of transparent oxide. To that end, potassium (K) was employed as a substitutional dopant in the CdO matrix, and the influence of K on the structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties was widely studied. Pure CdO and K-doped CdO nanoparticles (K=0.0, 0.02, 0.04, and 0.06 mol) were synthesized via a facile co-precipitation method. XRD analysis indicated a cubic face center structure formed with the Fm3m (225) space group. A further establishment of the formation of CdO was recognized from CdO peaks in Fourier Transform Infrared measurement. The grain size declined with the increase in k concertation as established by the size-strain method and HRTEM micrographs. HRTEM morphology investigation revealed the formation of nanoparticles adopting semi-hexagonal and spherical shapes. The UV-Vis-NIR spectra analysis exhibited K content played an important role in the optical parameters like reflectance, and band gap (Eg) of K-doped CdO nanostructured. The obtained optical energy band gap was found to be increased due to doping by K. The variation of dielectric properties of various CdO nanostructures with K doping concentrations was studied as a function of frequency and temperature and it was found to enhance with the inclusion of K. Finally, a small amount of potassium doping into CdO led to a significant control in optical and the electrical properties, making it very effective in optoelectronic and electrical applications
Cosmological gravity on all scales. Part IV. 3× 2 pt Fisher forecasts for pixelised phenomenological modified gravity
Authors: Srinivasan Sankarshana , Thomas Daniel B. , Taylor Peter L.
Published: February 2025

Stage-IV large scale structure surveys are promising probes of gravity on cosmological scales. Due to the vast model-space in the modified gravity literature, model-independent parameterisations represent useful and scalable ways to test extensions of ΛCDM. In this work we use a recently validated approach of computing the non-linear 3 × 2 pt observables in modified gravity models with a time-varying effective gravitational constant μ and a gravitational slip η that is binned in redshift to produce Fisher forecasts for an LSST Y10-like survey. We also include in our modelling an effective nulling scheme for weak-lensing by applying the Bernardeau-Nishimichi-Taruya (BNT) transformation that localises the weak-lensing kernel enabling well-informed scale cuts. We show that the combination of improved non-linear modelling and better control of the scales that are modelled/cut yields high precision constraints on the cosmological and modified gravity parameters. We find that 4 redshift bins for μ of width corresponding to equal incremental ΛCDM growth is optimal given the state-of-the-art modelling and show how the BNT transformation can be used to mitigate the impact of small-scale systematic effects, such as baryonic feedback.
Light from darkness: history of a hot dark sector
Authors: Coy Rupert , Kimus Jean , Tytgat Michel H.G.
Published: February 2025

We study a scenario in which the expansion of the Early Universe is driven by a hot hidden sector (HS) with an initial temperature T' that is significantly higher than that of the visible sector (VS), T' ≫ T. The latter is assumed to be made of Standard Model (SM) particles and our main focus is on the possibility that dark matter (DM) is part of the dominant HS and that its abundance is set by secluded freeze-out. In particular, we study the subsequent evolution and fate of the DM companion particle after freeze-out all the way toward reheating of the VS. To make this scenario more concrete, we work within dark QED, a framework in which the DM is a Dirac fermion and its companion, a massive dark photon; coupling between the SM and HS is through kinetic mixing. We provide a detailed and comprehensive numerical and analytical analysis of the different regimes of reheating of the VS. Extending and complementing the work of Coy et al. on the“domain of thermal dark matter candidates” [1], we use our results to explore the viable parameter space of both the DM matter particle and its companion, here the dark photon. We show that current and future fixed target experiments can probe scenarios along which the expansion was driven by relativistic DM photons, a scenario dubbed relativistic reheating. We also set new bounds on the maximal temperature ratio T'/T and argue for an extension of the domain toward very large DM masses, m
dm ∼ 1011 GeV. These are possible assuming that DM annihilation is bounded by unitarity and that reheating of the VS occurs just before big bang nucleosynthesis. We also discuss some possible implications for (and constraints on) baryogenesis, including simple leptogenesis mechanisms, and how they may set additional constraints on the domain of DM candidates.
Laboratory test and analysis of mechanical parameters that affect the speed of polycrystalline diamond compact drill bit
Authors: Dong Zhiyu
Published: February 2025

Mechanical parameters which include weight on bit (WOB) and rotation speed have great influences on the drilling speed during the drilling process. During drilling operations, a different combination of mechanical parameters will lead to vary wide actual results when drilling to a different formation. For different formations, the rational combination of mechanical parameters can improve the speed of drilling footage, while unreasonable mechanical drilling process parameters can lead to slow or even cause PDC drill bit severe wear. In this paper, a reasonable mechanical parameter combination is given in the indoor experimental simulation of the impact on the speed of the drill bit when drilling core samples of different combinations. Laboratory experiments and field tests show that: the PDC drill bit for drilling speed is very sensitive to pressure, under the premise of a full purification at the bottom, the relationship between WOB and drilling speed is almost linear, but different rock strengths of WOB while drilling speed changes the rate is different. In fact, the pressure is gradually increased as the drilling, which will cause the debris to be not promptly cleared, making the drilling speed decrease. By a large number of laboratory and field tests, curves of PDC drilling speed and rotation speed can be obtained. When WOB is low, the drilling speed is increased with the increasing rotation speed, but when high drilling speed gradually slows down with increasing rotation speed, this is mainly caused by not timely removing cuttings.
Numerical simulation of different microstructures on fiber filtration efficiency
Authors: Chen Xueyan , Wang Jingyue , Wang Meiqing
Published: February 2025

This paper utilizes a coupled model of the lattice Boltzmann method and discrete element method (LBM-DEM) to simulate the flow field and particle motion in a three-dimensional porous medium. It investigates the impact of different microstructural characteristics of filter media on filtration performance under the same porosity conditions. The model not only considers the mechanisms of inertial deposition and electrostatic forces but also incorporates the effects of Brownian diffusion and dielectrophoresis, providing a preliminary comparison of various filtration mechanisms. The research results indicate that: (1) under identical porosity conditions, the filtration efficiency of unidirectional interlaced fibers significantly surpasses that of other fiber models with different microstructures; (2) the model integrating four filtration mechanisms demonstrates higher filtration efficiency.
A comparison design of truss-type leg between rack-type chord and pin-type chord
Authors: Zhang Yong , Qian Lijun , Gao Baokun , Sun Xuerong
Published: February 2025

The rack plate is the core structural part for conventional truss-type legs, meanwhile the rack plate limits the economical efficiency of legs due to its characteristics. Aiming at the limit of rack plate, this paper raises a type of pin-type chord for a truss-type leg according to engineering experience. Based on the same weight, taking a self-elevated platform for example, this study uses FEA software to analyze and compare the loads and leg results of rack-type chords and pin-type chords. The result shows the pin-type chord has better mechanical properties, which provides a reference for the optimization of the subsequent self-elevated truss-type leg.
Kronecker product and a related useful conjecture
Authors: Wang Xiling
Published: February 2025

This paper not only explores in detail the basic properties of the Kronecker product, such as the application of the union law, the distributive law, the transpose and the conjugate transpose, as well as the trace and the rank of the Kronecker product, but also rigorously proves these properties by means of mathematical induction or direct proofs. In addition, this paper extends these properties to Kronecker n-matrices and explores the applicability of inverse matrices and determinants to Kronecker products. More importantly, we introduce a conjecture related to the long-standing problem of distillability, which is partially solved when the number of nonzero elements is restricted. By showing the framework of the proof of the conjecture and a special case, we provide new perspectives for further research in this area.
δ calculus and generalized exponential function on time scales
Authors: Tang Yurong , Li Xin
Published: February 2025

This paper aims to develop δ calculus on time scales. First of all, the central difference derivative (δ derivative) and δ integral on a time scale are defined, and some fundamental properties are expounded. Secondly, the generalized exponential function and its theorems on a time scale are studied.
On 3-parameter generalized quaternions with k-pell-lucas numbers as components
Authors: Yong Deng , Tang Jian-Gang
Published: February 2025

At present, numerous research studies have been conducted on Fibonacci quaternions and their generalizations. Recently, Şentürk and Ünal introduced 3-parameter generalized quaternions. This paper introduces the k-Pell-Lucas 3-parameter generalized quaternions and explores their basic properties and Binet formula. Moreover, by using the Binet formula, some generalized forms of famous sequence identities are given.
Positive integer solutions of an equation involving Euler, generalized Euler, and Smarandache functions
Authors: Jiang Lianxia , Wang Li , Zhang Sibao , Tang Jiangang
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the positive integer solutions of an equation involving the Smarandache function. The equation is given by tφ(n) = φ
2 (n) + S(n
16), where φ(n) represents the Euler function, φ
e (n) represents the generalized Euler function with e as a positive integer, and S(n) represents the Smarandache function. The solutions of this equation are discussed, and it is proven that the equation only has positive integer solutions when t = 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9, 12, 17, 18, 19. Furthermore, all positive integer solutions of the equation are provided.
Analytical expression of convection-diffusion equation with diffusion related to space and momentum in supernova remnants
Authors: Fang Lili
Published: February 2025

Since the convection-diffusion equation was first used to discuss the transport properties of highenergy particles, the theory of shock particle acceleration has experienced rapid development. Scientists have proposed various acceleration mechanisms to explain the existence of these high-energy particles in supernova remnants, but the commonly accepted primary process is diffusion shock acceleration. The interaction between shock waves and particles can be approximated by the convection-diffusion equation. Previous research on the convection-diffusion equation focused on the correlation between diffusion coefficient and momentum, treating the diffusion coefficient as a spatial constant. However, in reality, the diffusion coefficient is related to both position and particle energy. So, in this article, we consider the position and energy dependence of the diffusion coefficient. By analyzing the actual physical environment in supernova remnants, we provide specific expressions of position and energy dependence, and use the (inverse) Laplace transform analysis method to obtain the specific analytical expression of the particle distribution function. Finally, our result is to present the particle distribution function at the positions before and after the shock wave in the form of the Whittaker M function, thus solving the more general particle propagation equation for diffusion shock wave acceleration – the convection-diffusion equation, which lays the foundation for further exploration of the radiation origin of supernova remnants.
Curvature estimation of the level set of solutions of the elliptic Hessian equation
Authors: Yu Xuemei , Kong Xiangming , Tian Xiaoqiang
Published: February 2025

Hessian equations are an important class of nonlinear partial differential equations. The geometric convexity estimation of PDE solutions and the estimation of the level set of solutions are important research topics in elliptical partial differential equation theory. Curvature is widely used to describe the degree of curvature of curves, which is a very important basis in the study of differential geometry. We will study the completely nonlinear elliptical Hessian equation σn
(D
2
u) = eu
in n-dimensional Euclidean space. Then, the auxiliary functions, which are directly related to the level set of the solutions, are established. Under the condition of 0 boundary Dirichlet, with the help of the Maximum principle, we will make an upper bound estimate of the curvature for the level set of the solutions. The main contents of this paper are mean curvature and Gauss curvature.
Several upper bound analysis for the maximum determinant of a matrix formed by 1 to n
2
Authors: Li Haosen
Published: February 2025

This paper discusses the upper bound analysis for the determinant of a matrix constructed using the numbers 1 to n
2. We propose four different methods to approximate the upper bound, including using the AM-GM inequality, Hadamard’s inequality, maximizing diagonal elements, and the Perron-Frobenius theorem. Our results provide important insights into the structure and properties of matrices that maximize their determinants.
Computational method of conformal mapping from unbounded multi-connected regions onto annulus with spiral slit domains
Authors: Luo Dan , Lu Yibin , Zhao Xin
Published: February 2025

In this paper, based on the charge simulation method, a conformal mapping computational method is proposed to map the unbounded multiply connected regions onto the annulus with spiral slit domains. In addition, for the system of pathological equations generated during the conformal mapping process, it is proposed to solve them by using the GMRES(m) method, which in turn constructs an approximate conformal mapping function with high accuracy. Finally, numerical examples validate the effectiveness of the algorithms in this paper.
Effect of optical polarization error on the magnetic resonance signal of NMOR atomic magnetometer
Authors: Tian Mengnan , Chai Yanchao , Lu Zhenglong , Quan Wei , Jiang Liwei
Published: February 2025

In NMOR magnetometers, we choose the linear polarized light to pump atoms, and the polarization state is the key factor affecting the evolution of alkali metal atoms. However, polarization errors are introduced due to the refraction of the glass surfaces of the cell and the imperfection of optical devices, which causes the actual laser light to be elliptically polarized. In this paper, the optical ellipticity for this system is accurately measured by the π transition principle first. Then, the magnetic resonance signals under different ellipticity are investigated theoretically and experimentally, and the atomic polarization state is visualized. The results show that the optical ellipticity error introduced by the system will reduce the measurement accuracy and sensitivity of the system, and it is meaningful to use high extinction ratio optical devices and introduce the quarter-wave plate to offset the circularly polarized components.
Modified biochar for the adsorption of roxarsone and arsenic Ions in water
Authors: Jiang Shixiong , Zhang Siyu , Dong Yuyao , Zhang Yujie
Published: February 2025

The research findings show that the maximum adsorption capacity of arsenic ions and roxarsone significantly increases under optimized reaction conditions (temperature 30°C, pH value 6, adsorbent dosage 0.6 g/L). The degree and direction of influence of different reaction conditions on the removal rate also vary[4]. The combination model of multiple linear regression and random forest regression shows good fitting between the predicted results and actual data, indicating that the model can accurately reflect the influence of adsorption conditions on the removal rate and provide support for the reliability of the experimental results. Based on the experimental data obtained under the optimal reaction conditions, these findings not only verify the high efficiency of modified biological carbon in removing arsenic under specific conditions[5], but also provide theoretical basis and data support for designing more efficient removal schemes and optimizing process parameters in the future.
A version of Schwarz lemma for perturbed Dirac operator in octonionic analysis
Authors: Shi Yingying , Wang Haiyan
Published: February 2025

As octonionic analysis is a non-associative extension of quaternionic analysis and the perturbed Dirac operator serves as a decomposition of the Helmholtz operator, the perturbed Dirac operator in octonionic analysis has garnered significant attention. This article focuses on the integral formula and the estimation of perturbed Dirac calculations within the framework of octonionic analysis. Firstly, we present the Cauchy-Pompeiu formula for perturbed Dirac operators using Stokes’ theorem. Subsequently, by applying the aforementioned integral formula in conjunction with the Poisson integral formula, we derive the estimated value of the function that is nullified by the perturbed Dirac operator, which yields a form of the Schwarz lemma.
Bell nonlocality measure of density matrix based on trace distance
Authors: Fu Yuxuan , Li Liting
Published: February 2025

Quantum information technology exhibits advantages in terms of algorithm efficiency, communication security, and other aspects compared to classical information technology, partially due to quantum nonlocality, which is a characteristic that distinguishes quantum mechanics from classical mechanics. Compared to quantum entanglement and quantum steering, Bell nonlocality exhibits stronger quantum properties in a certain sense. However, research on efficient estimation of Bell nonlocality of general quantum states remains rare. This work proposes a generalized Bell nonlocality measure of density matrices. Our method generalizes the fundamental matrix for classical correlation and applies it to experimental scenarios of various dimensions. We prove that this measure of Bell nonlocality is well-defined. We also propose a relaxation algorithm for numerically estimating this measure. Applying the see-saw method, the algorithm obtains an upper bound on this measure. Numerical experiments show the effectiveness of our method in low dimensions and suggest that it could be used in high dimensions.
Research on resonance frequency of low-frequency bender disk transducer under high pressure
Authors: Wang Jian , Yu Yongpo
Published: February 2025

Due to the low resonance frequency, the existing low-frequency bender disk transducer is difficult to resist due to high hydrostatic pressure due to its rigidity. With the introduction of the air pressure compensation technology, the transducer has the ability to dynamically balance with the increase of the external water pressure in its inner cavity, while the problem caused by large depth use is that the resonance frequency of the transducer increases with the increase of the inner cavity gas stiffness. Firstly, the equivalent circuit model of the transducer with and without air pressure compensation is analyzed, and the resonant frequency variation of the transducer is qualitatively analyzed. Then, the finite element model of air pressure compensation is established to calculate the resonant frequency of a bender disk transducer with a fixed size of acoustic radiation surface, and the variation trend of cavity height and resonant frequency of the transducer is found. Then, the physical production of the transducer is completed. Through the comparison between the test results and the simulation values, it is verified that the finite element simulation method can predict the frequency deviation phenomenon of the air pressure compensation bender disk transducer.
Injective coloring of edge corona product of graphs
Authors: Zhao Wenying , Tian Shuangliang
Published: February 2025

The injective chromatic number χi(G) of a graph G is the minimum number of colors needed to color the vertices of G such that different vertices with the same neighbor are colored differently. In this here, we get some exact values of the injective chromatic number of the edge corona product of some graphs.
Analyses on combustion characteristics and the region of corrosion failure risk of high-temperature heating-surface in peak-loading power plant boiler
Authors: Xu Nan , Ding Shaoming , Hu Yuan , Li Yanhui , Wu Hongying , Wang Lei , Ju Guangyu , Han Fengshuang
Published: February 2025

Deep peaking will be the operating norm for thermal power units to address the intermittent supply of clean energy. However, the heat exchanger serves the temperature fluctuation conditions in the boiler during deep peaking. It will result in a risk of corrosion failure of high-temperature heating surfaces such as superheater and reheater. The paper investigated the combustion characteristics of coal-fired boilers at 100% and 50% loads. The temperature and velocity field distributions under different loads are clarified. The corrosion failure risk area of the furnace heating surface in the boiler was also analyzed based on the flue gas temperature distribution in the boiler furnace at 100% and 50% loads. The results show that the 10th platen of the rear platen superheater is at the highest service temperature and in the region with more significant temperature fluctuations, which is susceptible to corrosion failure. The paper provides a theoretical reference for the safe operation and periodic maintenance of deep-peaking units.
Techno-economic and environmental evaluation of integrated microgrid systems for electrification and hydrogen production
Authors: Hussam Wisam K. , Jaman Asif , Mibarki Raouf , Mahmud Rafid Al , Sheard Gregory J.
Published: February 2025

The present work investigates the feasibility of electrolyzer-based hydrogen generation through a hybrid renewable energy system. Evaluations focusing on technical, economic and environmental evaluations are conducted to determine the optimized system architectures that maximize energy efficiency and environmental benefits. Three hybrid renewable energy systems were assessed, including grid-connected and grid isolated configurations of solar PV array, wind turbines (WT), hydrogen fuel cells, and backup battery bank. The lowest levelized energy cost, at 0.539 $/kWh, and the lowest cost of producing hydrogen, at 6.85 $/kg were achieved by integrating solar PV and wind turbine with the grid connectivity. Integrating Solar PV and wind turbine connected to the power supply grid resulted in the lowest levelized energy cost, at However, in the case of a grid-isolated system utilizing fuel cells or battery storage banks, the hydrogen cost rises above 8.0 $/kg due to the higher capital expenses associated with the system. With yearly carbon dioxide emissions of 240841.66 kg, the optimized system produces 111 877 kg of green hydrogen annually. Additionally, the optimized system (System 1) has the lowest Human Health Damage (HHD) and Ecosystem Damage (ESD), with its Human Development Index (HDI) slightly surpassing those of Systems 2 and 3. However, System 3 creates more jobs.
Accounting for carbon capture solvent cost and energy demand in the energy system
Authors: Chanal Vincent , Humpage Samuel , Millinger Markus
Published: February 2025

Technical carbon dioxide removal through bioenergy with carbon capture or direct air capture plays a role in virtually all climate mitigation scenarios. Both of these technologies rely on the use of chemical solvents or sorbents in order to capture CO$_2$. Lately, concerns have surfaced about the cost and energy implications of producing solvents and sorbents at scale. Here, we show that the production of chemical sorbents could have significant implications on system cost, energy use and material use depending on how much they are consumed. Among the three chemical sorbents investigated, namely monoethanolamine (MEA) for post-combustion carbon capture, potassium hydroxide for liquid direct air capture and polyethylenimine-silica (PEI) for solid sorbent direct air capture, we found that the production of the compound for solid sorbent direct air capture represent the highest uncertainties for the system. At the high range of solid sorbent consumption, total energy system cost increased by up to 6.5\%, while effects for other options were small to negligible. Scale-up of material production capacities was also substantial for MEA and PEI. Implications of sorbent consumption for carbon capture technologies should be considered more thoroughly in scenarios relying on direct air capture using a solid sorbent.