bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Designing the Application of Security Text Messages Into Audio Files Using Data Encryption Standard (DES) Algorithms Using the End Of File (EOF) Method
Authors: Pardede A M H , Pramana Anggi , Zarlis Muhammad , Iskandar Akbar , Manurung Rosida Tiurma , Sriadhi S , Kurniawan Citra , Hasibuan Abdurrozzaq , Siregar Nurintan Asyiah , Sari Ayu Esteka , Mulyaningsih Indrya , Iskandar Alam Teguh Hidayat , Ibrahim  , Listyorini Tri , Winarno Edy , Tulus
Published: November 2019

There are several ways to deal with security issues of confidential data sent via the internet, including using cryptographic techniques and steganography. Steganography is the science and art of concealing information / messages in a media in such a way that its existence is not detected by other parties who are not entitled to the information. Instead, cryptography disguises the meaning of a message, but does not hide that there is a message because the file looks suspicious. The Steganography technique used here was End Of File (EOF). The EOF technique described how to add data or files at the end of the image file. For this technique, the size of data or files that will be hidden could be larger than the size of the image file. The hidden data will be inserted at the end of the file so that it will not affect the image. This steganography application is also equipped with a cryptographic function Data Encryption Standard (DES) at the time of insertion of data that functions as a generator code and encrypts data, so that the security of a data in the file is more protected and protected from those who are not entitled to know the data.
Implementation of Data Mining to Classify the Consumer’s Complaints of Electricity Usage Based on Consumer’s Locations Using Clustering Method
Authors: Pardede A M H , Sembiring Yusdiana Br , Iskandar Akbar , Pitasari Dyah Retno , Sriadhi S , Rianita Dian , Arifin Muhammad , Ririhena Mersy Yoslin , Siregar Nurintan Asyiah , Supriyono  , Sari Ayu Esteka , Tondo Simson , Zarlis Muhammad , Winarno Edy , Tulus
Published: November 2019

Data collected by PLN staff on customer’s complaints in the usage of electricity are very huge and accumulate. Previously, there was no information about these kinds of complaints in all sub-districts included inside the company, PT. PLN Binjai. On the other hand, each year company experienced problems to classify all complaints in order to obtain customers with information to later be used as a basis for making policy/decision. Data mining used clustering method and K-Means algorithm to classify the data so that important information is obtained from customer’s complaints on the electricity usage, using variable: types of complaints, power using by consumer and consumer’s region. Data was analyzed using Matlab to produce cluster centers and obtained a relationship between variables obtained with groups with high number of complaints. Results revealed that from 500 customers who have complained, cluster 1 had 218 complaints namely NT Fuse Putus with power used was 1300 watt and was located in Binjai.
Application of Message Security Application Using Vigenere Cipher Algorithm Utilizing One Time Pad (OTP) Algorithm as a Key Generator
Authors: Pardede A M H , Br Sitepu Lorena Perbina , Zarlis Muhammad , Tulus  , Iskandar Akbar , Sriadhi S , Manurung Rosida Tiurma , Siregar Nurintan Asyiah , Sari Ayu Esteka , Yunawati Sri , Mursyidah M , Mursalin M , Kurniasih Nuning , Kurniawan Citra , Winarno Edy
Published: November 2019

Cryptography is the science and art of maintaining the security of messages when messages are sent from one place to another. One of the ways securing the form of text message information is by the encryption process using the Vigenere Cipher algorithm and utilizing the One Time Pad (OTP) algorithm as a key generator, where the message will be random when it is opened. The message encryption process used the vigenere cipher algorithm while OTP is used to secure the key with the same formula. After this research has been done, an application was designed to secure text messages by converting the text message into a random message so that the message was unreadable due to a secret message that could not be known by others. The results achieved can secure an encrypted message that cannot be reopened and if those messages were reopened, they must be decrypted.
Motivation And Learning Outcomes Through The Internet Of Things; Learning In Pesantren
Authors: Syakroni Agus , Zamroni  , Muali Chusnul , Baharun Hasan , Sunarto Muh Zainuddin , Musthofa Bisri , Wijaya Muallim
Published: November 2019

This research began with the G’omeza concept in 2013 which offered the development of IoT in learning. In 2016, it was continued by Amin Bakri who designed the concept of IoT in learning for students in Indonesia. The researcher brings both concepts in the domain of religious education which is commonly applied in Islamic boarding schools. In accordance with the purpose of this study, knowing the significance of motivation and student learning outcomes in learning in boarding schools. In this case, the researcher chose Nurul Jadid Islamic boarding school as the object of research with the consideration that information and communication technology had become part of the pesantren. The subjects in this study were Nurul Jadid boarding students from all levels of education. The results of the study show the significance of changes in motivation and student learning outcomes after being subjected to learning with the IoT concept.
Functional Data Analysis: An Initiative Approach for Hyperspectral Data
Authors: Sugianto S , Rusdi M , Syakur
Published: November 2019

This paper summarizes initiative approache to analyze spectral variation and distribution for given spectral range of hyperspectral data using Functional Data Analysis (FDA.) The FDA can be used to analyse hyperspectral data which restrain information as curves or functions. Vertical shift and horizontal shift are two examples of directions of variation, or modes of variation in hyperspectral data. Shifts of curves in certain wavelength obtained from remote sensing are often used as a key indicator to obtain information from a target. As hyperspectral data use radiance or reflectance defined as the ratio of intensity of light received or reflected from the target to the intensity of the light incident on it, the radiance or reflectance values are then used to derive information about the composition of samples. In this paper, FDA method is introduced to present an alternative analysis in hyperspectral data as a function of spectral reflectance. distribution and variance of hyperspectral radiance or reflectance data.
Students’ Errors in solving the PISA mathematics problem using Newman’s error categories
Authors: Ahyan S , Turmudi  , Prabawanto S
Published: November 2019

The purpose of the study is to analyze the students’ errors of a junior high school student in solving the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) mathematics problem. Then, it will be analyzed that what kinds of students’ errors regarding Newman’s error categories, which were connected to the PISA’s stage of mathematization. The Newman’s error categories are comprehending a task, transforming the task into a mathematical problem, processing mathematical procedures, and interpreting or encoding the solution regarding of the real solutions. The participants were two students of junior high schools. According to the finding of this study, all of the students are making error in transformation and process skills. While the second student is also making comprehension error, no student is doing a mistake in encoding.
The analysis of mortar concrete with the variety of sands in jepara (keling sand, bangsri sand) using strong pressure method
Authors: Saputro Yayan Adi , Mudiyono Rachmat , Antonius
Published: November 2019

Along with the increasing of infrastructure development in Indonesia especially in jepara, so the necessary of material also increase, for example: sand. Nowadays, muntilan is the sand that often be used in making infrastructure in the government because it is considered that it has the good quality, whereas in the other hand the river sand is also abundant, but the government perverted mintilan sand as the development material. River sand is usually used by the middle to lower county because the house because the price is cheaper than muntilan sand. After doing this research we hope that: can know the quality of the river sand if it is used in infeastructure, knowing the river sand in jepara that have the good quality, such as: keling sand, bangsri sand, The stages of this research are: preparation, sand inspection (mud content and organic faces, filter analysis, moister content and weight, and specific gravity), making spacimens based on SKSNI 03-6825-2002 ASTM C 305, making compressive strength test. The test result show that at 3,7,14,21,28 days old show that keling sand (93,2 kg/cm2), bangsri sand (135,2 kg/cm2). The use of river sand as the construction material by the government and community will have consequence on the balance kf muntilan sand and river sand. The specific treatment on the river sand will that quality that is almost same as muntilan sand.
The formulation Robusta coffee bark Jember Indonesia for charcoal Briquettes as alternative energy : The comparison organic starch adhesive and anorganic adhesive
Authors: Moelyaningrum Anita Dewi , Molassy Honest Dody , Setyowati Intan Kartika
Published: November 2019

The Robusta coffee plantation were founded from Silo Jember district Indonesia. One of the solid waste coffee plantation is coffee bark. The objective of this study is to find the formulation of Robusta coffee bark Jember for charcoal briquette as alternative energy. The formulation of charcoal robusta coffee bark were comparisson within organic starch adhesive and anorganic adhesive. The formulation were analyzed in physical and chemical quality base on SNI Number. 01-6235-2000. the solid waste coffee plantation were collected from smallholders coffee plantation on Silo Jember. The first step were drying the solid waste coffee bark in the sun almost 2 days till dried. Then, the dried coffee bark were using pod waste pyrolysis in reactor with a temperature of 400 C until became charcoal. Organic starch adhesive were making by mixing the the 6 gram starch and 60 milliliter water (ratio 1:10), and then mixing down with 60 gram charcoa (formula 1). Formula 2 were mixing the 60 gram charcoal, organic starch adhesive and added 3 gram anorganic adhesive. The briquettes were formed into tube with diameter 6 cm and the thickness 4 cm. The result showed that using organic starch adhesive were more fragile, harder to light the fire first but dried faster than using anorganic adhesive. The chemical analysis on the formula 1 (briquette with organic starch adhesive) and formula 2 (briquette with anorganic adhesive) showed that moisture were 9,87%; 7,7 %, volatil matter were 5,87%; 4,2 %, the Ash content were 8,01 %; 5,03 %, the caloric value were 4870 cal/gr; 7233 cal/gr and the fixed carbon were 65%; 81%. The formula 2 showed the better quality than formula 1.
Formalin and Borax Qualitative Test Use Natural Indicator
Authors: Rahman Nanang
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study is to identify natural indicators that can be used to test the qualitative presence of formalin and borax. The results of this qualitative test can be used for student learning in schools, especially for harmful additive substances in food. Qualitative test using a drop test. Formalin test using extract flower of ribose ruellia, hibiscus rosa-sinensis L and Impatiens L balsamina, while for borax test using ruellia simplex, plumeria rubra, portulaca grandiflora and curcuma longa. Based on the results of the research that has been done, the extract can be used to determine the presence of borax and formalin with a drop test.
Designing the Mitigation Model of Urban Sprawl Potential Impact in Suburban Denpasar, Bali
Authors: Christiawan Putu Indra
Published: November 2019

This study is aimed to list the impacts of urban sprawl in the suburban area in Denpasar City. The implications that force growth in suburban areas is responsible for undesirable pattern or process of urban growth. The consequences or the impacts of urban sprawl, whether negative or positive, are also necessary to be understood and evaluated towards achieving sustainable development. Urban sprawl means more growth than the usual and what makes it different from urban growth is this excessive nature. Cities tended to grow and planned extension reached while there is an appropriate proportion between urban growth and urban population. However, when the increase is more than usual, its pressure on the boundaries, suburban area will face new significant problems. Significant problems that occur in the suburbs of Denpasar include environmental, social, economic and mobility issues. The impact analysis of urban sprawl on these four dimensions forms the basis for determining comprehensive urban sprawl mitigation models in suburban areas.
Estimating meltwater retention and associated nitrate redistribution during snowmelt in an Arctic tundra landscape*
Authors: Westergaard-Nielsen Andreas , Balstrøm Thomas , Treier Urs A , Normand Signe , Elberling Bo
Published: November 2019

Nitrogen availability in Arctic ecosystems is a key driver for biological activity, including plant, growth and thereby directly linked to the greening of the Arctic. Here, we model the redistribution of meltwater following spring snowmelt as well as the accumulation of meltwater and dissolved nitrate at landscape scale. By combining snow mapping with unmanned aerial systems, snow chemistry, and hydrological modelling, we argue that the majority of nitrate in the snowpack is flushed out of the landscape due to the limited storage capacity of meltwater in the early growing season frozen soil. We illustrate how landscape micro-topography is a crucial parameter to quantify storage capacity of meltwater at landscape scale and thereby the associated pool of soluble compounds such as nitrate. This pool will be available for plants and may be important for plant diversity and growth rates in the wettest part of the landscape. This study illustrates that the evenly distributed nitrate input during the Arctic winter may be redistributed during the initial snowmelt and lead to marked differences in biologically available nitrate at the onset of the growing season, but also that the majority of deposited nitrate in snow is lost from the terrestrial to the aquatic environment during snowmelt.
A spatial pattern analysis of forest loss in the Madre de Dios region, Peru
Authors: Nicolau Andrea Puzzi , Herndon Kelsey , Flores-Anderson Africa , Griffin Robert
Published: November 2019

Over the past decades, the Peruvian Amazon has experienced a rapid change in forest cover due to the expansion of agriculture and extractive activities. This study uses spectral mixture analysis (SMA) in a cloud-computing platform to map forest loss within and outside indigenous territories, protected areas, mining concessions, and reforestation concessions within the Madre de Dios Region in Peru. The study area is focused on key areas of forest loss in the western part of the Tambopata National Reserve and surrounding the Malinowski River. Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus surface reflectance data spanning 2013–2018 were analyzed using cloud-based SMA to identify patterns of forest loss for each year. High-resolution Planet Dove (3m) and RapidEye (5m) imagery were used to validate the forest loss map and to identify the potential drivers of loss. Results show large areas of forest loss, especially within buffer zones of protected areas. Forest loss also appears in the Kotsimba Native Community within a 1 km buffer of the Malinowski River. In addition to gold mining, agriculture and pasture fields also appear to be major drivers of forest loss for our study period. This study also suggests that gold mining activity is potentially not restricted to the legal mining concession areas, with 49% of forest loss occurring outside the mining concessions. Overall accuracy obtained for the forest loss analysis was 96%. These results illustrate the applicability of a cloud-based platform not only for land use land cover change detection but also for accessing and processing large datasets; the importance of monitoring not only forest loss progression in the Madre de Dios, which has been increasing over the years, especially within buffer zones, but also its drivers; and reiterates the use of SMA as a reliable change detection classification approach.
Climate change impacts the spread potential of wheat stem rust, a significant crop disease
Authors: Prank Marje , Kenaley Shawn C , Bergstrom Gary C , Acevedo Maricelis , Mahowald Natalie M
Published: November 2019

Long range atmospheric transport is an important pathway for the spread of plant pathogens, such as rust fungi which can devastate cereal crop health and food security worldwide. In recent years, serious concern has been caused by the evolution of new virulent races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, a pathogen causing wheat stem rust that can result in close to 100% yield losses on susceptible wheat cultivars in favourable weather conditions. We applied an Earth system model to compare the suitability of the current climate and a business-as-usual climate scenario (RCP 8.5) for 2100 for wheat stem rust. Although there are large uncertainties in modelling changes in disease spread, we focus in this paper on the changes which are likely to be robust to model assumptions. We show that the warmer climate with lower relative humidity and enhanced turbulence will lead to ∼40% increase in the urediniospore emitting potential of an infected field as global average. The main predicted changes in the atmospheric long-range transport include reduced connections between Europe, Africa and South Asia, and increased frequency of spores crossing the mid-latitude oceans. Due to reduction in subfreezing conditions, the overwintering areas of the fungus will expand. On the other hand, projected drier conditions will reduce substantially the probability of an infection starting from deposited spores, except in irrigated fields.
Volcanological context of the Bouillante high temperature geothermal system, Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles
Authors: Gadalia A , Legendre Y , Bouchot V
Published: November 2019

The hydrothermal manifestations of Bouillante area (Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles) motivated a geothermal survey in the sixties. Nevertheless, the heat source of the Bouillante hydrothermal system is still debated: (i) local magma body, (ii) magmatic source beneath the centre of the island or (iii) result from the deep circulation.

Several arguments support the first hypothesis and the definition of a specific volcanic series, the « Bouillante chain », according to the following characteristics:

➢ location: small monogenic volcanoes are scattered along the Caribbean coastline, on- and off-shore;

➢ structural control: volcanic centres have developed at the junction of two regional tectonic systems, the NNW-SSE trending Montserrat - Les Saintes fault and the sub-E-W trending Marie-Galante’s grabens system;

➢ dynamics: their products often result from a magma - water interaction between, either in an external or internal hydromagmatism;

➢ petrology: specific magmatic trend reached an extreme (rhyolitic) level by crystal fractionation.

The links between the Bouillante chain and contemporary / neighbouring other Guadeloupe volcanic formations (Les Mamelles domes, Axial chain, Caraïbes mountains, Grande Découverte volcano) are discussed but partly remain to be specified.
Geothermal heat pump systems in cold regions: efficiency improvement by use of ambient air
Authors: Vasilyev G P , Gornov V F , Kolesova M V , Dmitriev A N
Published: November 2019

We examine the problem of efficiency in both air-source and geothermal heat pumps in regions with low ambient air temperature, and the advantage of using a combination of both systems in one equipment. Both geothermal and air heat pumps have their advantages and disadvantages. Geothermal heat pumps are more expensive to install and, in colder climates, experience a progressive decrease in efficiency with constant use during the winter season because of chilling of the ground adjacent to geothermal heat exchangers during heat extraction. Air-source heat pumps are less expensive to install and experience a decrease in efficiency as ambient temperature is getting lower. A numerical model simulation was conducted using the program “INSOLAR.GSHP.12” for a 200 sq.m. house in Moscow. The model tested the efficiency of combined use of a ground heat pump at ambient temperatures below -10°C, and air heat pump for ambient temperatures above -10°C. The results were compared to simulation of using only a geothermal heat pump. The results show a 13.3% reduction in energy consumption using the combined ground and air heat pumps over the energy requirement of using only the geothermal heat pump.
Main outcomes for Mexico at the half of the GEMex Project
Authors: Gutiérrez-Negrín L C A , López-Hernández A , Garduño-Monroy V H , Ramírez-Montes M A
Published: November 2019

The GEMex project is a binational endeavour developed by a Mexican and a European consortium coordinated by a common executive board. Each consortium is financed by their own resources, which are approximately 10 million euros for each part. The project is focused on two geothermal areas, Los Humeros and Acoculco, and was started two years ago. In January 2019 it reached its half point for the Mexican partners, and from the Mexican viewpoint the main results up to then can be summarized as follows. There is a new volcano-tectonic framework and characterization that has been rising from the geoscientific work developed, integrated and modelled by the project, which in the case of the Los Humeros geothermal field is profiling the most promising areas where the superhot geothermal fluids could be found. In the case of Acoculco, the integration model has provided the current stress field that can be used to develop an EGS project in the area, which still needs to be completed with the interpretation of the remaining seismic data, and that is planned to be tested at the final stages of the project with a stimulation test. The expected outcomes can be used by the CFE (Comisión Federal de Electricidad), which is the public utility that has the proper permits to explore and develop both geothermal areas.
Tolmachevsky active magmatic center (South Kamchatka) and its heat-power capacity as estimated by deep geophysical surveys
Authors: Nurmukhamedov A G , Sidorov M D
Published: November 2019

The structure of the Earth’s crust and upper mantle has been estimated by using geologic-geophysical cross-sections developed along two orthogonal geophysical profiles in the area of the Tolmachevsky active magmatic center. Comprehensive geophysical data have revealed the existence of an intrusive massif of predominantly intermediate-medium-felsic composition whose formation is accounted for by the presence of powerful heat flows and local melting sites. A swarm of small earthquakes reported in 1987-1988 was triggered by the advance of magma in the zone of the assumed eruptive fissure. Meteoric waters interact with the high-temperature media through the infiltration zone, which results in intense hydrothermal activity including the formation of steam-hydrothermal occurrences. The area of the proposed intrusive body is a promising zone for a high-temperature geothermal reservoir.
Geothermal system characteristics on Northern Ternate region, Indonesia based on interpretation of magnetic anomalies
Authors: Ningrum Rohima Wahyu , Aryuni Vrita Tri , Pambudi Nugroho Agung
Published: November 2019

Geothermal resources can be indicated by surface manifestations such as hot springs, hot mud puddles, and geysers. In the Northern Ternate region, in the villages of Tobololo and Sulamadaha, the manisfestation of hot springs is present. Therefore the purpose of this research is to study the geothermal characteristic in the Northern Ternate region, Indonesia, based on interpretation of magnetic anomalies in the hot surface temperature of hot springs. The method employed a fluxgate magnetometer to measure a sample of random temperature. Furthermore it examined for their chemical content to determine their resource type.

The results show that the magnetic anomalies value in the Northern Ternate region is of -3678.63 nT up to 2679.57 nT. The contour map is then developed by indicating three levels of magnetic anomalies; low, medium, and high. This is an indication that the area is of geothermal manifestation and it is classified as a hypothetical resource that could become an unexpected reserve. The temperature is measured at 50 cm depth and it shows of 27-38.50 °C. The result of the temperature anomaly in the Tobololo area is due to the flow of hot springs along the coastline. Meanwhile the Sulamadaha area has a smaller hot spring discharge, which is due to hydrothermal activity below the surface. Based on the the geochemistry assessments, both areas have alkali chloride water type.
The performance of ventilation in internal buildings affected by differences of building orientation
Authors: Aini Q , Nadia N
Published: November 2019

Natural ventilation is a passive cooling strategy with maximize of airflow into the building. Profil of hills and building orientation are some factor that influences the air quality, and it can control the wind speed. By the author’s previous research that building with configured in a grid pattern on the contoured land has enhanced the airflow quality than the grid pattern applied on the flat land. That condition affected building adaptation, such as good position of the opening in the building can optimize the utilization of airflow as the refreshment. This study purposed to evaluates performance of building ventilation of grid patterns on the hillside. This study using Jacky Chan Settlements that was located in Neuhen, Aceh Besar, Aceh Province, Indonesia. Computational Fluids Dynamics (CFD) Fluent used to analyze how far the performance of ventilation in the internal building. This study found that the pattern of airflow and the airflow quality in the room influenced by orientation. All orientation in the settlements created good cross ventilation with differences in wind speed. Contribute of this study is can be a reference for designing better settlements in a contoured land.
Prototype development of smart brake controller (SBC) for light-duty vehicles (LDVs) with manual
Authors: Munahar S , Setiyo M , Purnomo B C , Waluyo B , Himawan W
Published: November 2019

This paper presents the development of a smart brake controller (SBC) that applied to passenger cars to reduce accidents while stopped on a hill road. Crash accidents often occur due to the lack of driver skill or negligence in holding the brake pedal. The smart brake controller works by electro-mechanically to lock the brake system even though the brake pedal is released. The results showed that SBC could work well on a variety of vehicle loads and variations in road slope.
Mathematical modeling of drying behavior of coconut grate in a modified screw mixed dryer
Authors: Santosa I , Sulistiawati E , Aktawan A
Published: November 2019

The research aimed to examine the drying behavior of coconut grate in an oil bath pilot-scale modified screw mixed dryer using scientific mathematical models. Various drying temperatures of 80, 85, 90, 95 and 100 °C were used to investigate it using a recognized mathematical model of drying. Exploratory information of moisture ratio, temperature and relative humidity attained from various dryer conditions were fitted to the different experimental drying models. The drying model performances were contrasted based on their correlation coefficient (R2) between the observed moisture ratios. The result of the research showed that Wang and Singh’s model demonstrated the best fit model among the modified screw mixed dryer.
Biomass conversion of tamarind waste to syngas through gasification process on downdraft gasifier
Authors: Aktawan A , Maryudi  , Salamah S
Published: November 2019

National energy demand has been fulfilled by non-renewable energy sources, such as natural gas, petroleum, coal and so on. However, non-renewable energy reserves deplete increasingly which can cause an energy crisis. Conversion of biomass into energy becomes one of the solutions to overcome it. Indonesia has an enormous biomass potential, especially from tamarind. Tamarinds produce waste tamarind shells. These wastes can be treated with gasification technology to produce syngas. The gasification model used in this research is downdraft gasifier equipped with a cyclone to separate gas with solid or liquid gasification process. The more dry waste of Javanese tamarind, the more syngas produced during the gasification process. And the more dry waste of Javanese tamarind, then the longer the expenditure time of syngas. In syngas analysis known at 5 ml syngas contain 3,046% of CH4, 14,337% CO and 9,031% H2.
The effects of types and concentrations of adsorbents on aloe vera gel opacity
Authors: Hendrawati T Y , Utami A D , Nugrahani R A , Hasyim U H , Ramadhan A I
Published: November 2019

Aloe vera is one of the medicinal plants that are frequently used in the pharmaceutical industry, especially in cosmetic products. The type of Aloe vera that is commonly cultivated in Pontianak, Indonesia, is that of Aloe Chinensis Baker. The part of Aloe vera that is commonly used is its gel, which is an opaque mucilaginous gel. The objective of this research is to determine the effects of the addition of adsorbents on the Aloe vera gel opacity. Using Aloe vera as the main ingredient of aloe vera gel, gel is obtained by peeling off the green skin of the Aloe vera leaves that have been washed. A gel is then pureed and filtered to reduce dregs. The purified gel is added with adsorbents. This research employs two factorials, those are adsorbent types (Zeolite and Bentonite) and concentrations (0 %, 2.5 %, 5 %, 7.5 % and 10 %). The parameters used for analyses are refractive index, pH, Vitamin C content, density, and viscosity. Regression analyses are performed on the concentrations and yields. Results show that addition of Zeolite produces better clearance on Aloe vera gel than that of Bentonite, with the concentration of Zeolite at 2.5 %. The analyses further produce a refractive index of 1.332 for Zeolite treated gel. This value is close to the water refractive index of 1.3325.
Risk level analysis of work safety and health on national road routine maintenance project using self-management system
Authors: Rani H A , Isya M , Iqbal M
Published: November 2019

Routine maintenance refers to the repair of damages on roads’ sections by means of steady service condition. It is always conducted on the Blangkejeren-Laweaunan Road Section on annual basis. It is often conducted using a self-management system by Executing Officer (PPK) 08, which, according to government statistics is 65 km long. While implementing the project, PPK worked with a competent subcontractor as well as a foreman from the community surrounding the project region. To reduce the risks and enhance safety, the contractor made use of the Management System of Safety and Health (SMK3), following all the regulations that apply in Indonesia. The study aims at identifying the K3 risk level in road routine maintenance work. This is done based on the PU Ministry Regulation No 05/PRT/M/2014 through interviewing the PPK. In the same context, determination of the compliance level is done by workers (subcontractor and foreman) is done based on the Construction and Building Guideline No. 004/BM/2006 by assessing the use of Personal Protector Equipment (APD) in the routine road maintenance activities, sidewalk routine maintenance, water channel routine maintenance of cut and fill, and road equipment routine maintenance. The low risk can be found in the routine maintenance the pavements, roadsides, and road infrastructure, while the moderate risk in water channels of the excavations and the heap’s routine maintenance. Among the two, moderate risk has more portions and it must be conducted by workers who can fully comply with APD.
Mechanical degradation of normal concrete due to seawater intrusion
Authors: Hamdi F , Imran H A
Published: November 2019

Problems that occur in concrete buildings in the coastal environment of concrete damage caused by degradation of concrete that interacted seawater. Real damage caused by seawater, consists of 3 (three) parts: submerged concrete part, concrete part affected by tidal seawater and part of the concrete affected by seawater splashing. The concrete damage discussed in this research is the mechanical degradation of concrete due to the intrusion of seawater in the submerged seawater. Damage can occur in concrete due to the reaction between aggressive seawater that is intruded into the concrete and compounds in the concrete that causes the concrete lose some of its mass, its strength, and stiffness and also accelerate the weathering process. The results of this study indicate that the reduction of compressive strength of concrete due to the intrusion of seawater tends to show a logarithmic graph. Concrete compressive strength will lose by 50% when the concrete is soaked seawater for 19,031 days. Normal quality concrete f’c = 25 MPa undergoes mechanical degradation due to seawater intrusion, in this case, the compressive strength of concrete is 12,063 % when soaked 28 days and 16,809 % when soaked 90 days.
Feasibility study and resilience disaster assessment toward shelter and settlement areas in Rinjani circumference, Sembalun district, East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara Province
Authors: Sushanti I R , Imansyah N H , Hirsan F P , Putranadi A
Published: November 2019

Rinjani is one of the active volcanoes in the province of West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. In 2018, Rinjani designated as world geopark by UNESCO. Mount Rinjani has regional support Rinjani potential as a world geopark, which Rinjani circumference. This study aims to assess feasibility and disaster resilience towards shelter and settlement in Rinjani circumference. This study uses qualitative descriptive analysis by examining building physical elements and the environment. Based on the identification, it is necessary to organize shelter and settlement resilient among other things: 1) Land Use, is planning disaster vulnerability zones, emergency response settlements, and protected areas, and public facilities in safe zones, 2) Shape and Building Mass, is adjusting environment and local wisdom, climate and context, household and livelihood activities, occupancy problems, construction materials, construction activities, participatory design, venting and vector control, 3) Circulation and Parking, is integrating circulation paths with evacuation routes, assessing access, security and safety of local settlements, road infrastructure and artificial lighting requirements; 4) Open Space, is preserving sustainability, functions, and environmental value as the world’s geopark region; 5) Supporting Activities and Signages, is making signage indicating route, tourist activities location, processing activities of agricultural and plantation as well as informative evacuation.
Study of alternative building for tsunami evacuation in Kuta Alam sub-district Banda Aceh
Authors: Soviana W , Rani H A
Published: November 2019

Kuta Alam Sub District has many potential hazards, especially from the sea. The location of the area that is directly adjacent to the sea causes it to be very vulnerable to tsunami. Its topography is lowland less than 1 meter above the sea-level. Tsunami in 2004 had taken a great number of people lives in the area about 14.95 % of the total number of inhabitants which is 55,030 people that time. However, there is still no any evacuation building available in Kuta Alam to escape from Tsunami. We know tsunami which might be occurred anytime unpredictable. In order to save people’s lives, it is needed to conduct a study to find alternatives buildings to be used for evacuation and rescue in the area. The aim of this study to identify the locations and number of alternative buildings that are potential as the tsunami evacuation building in Kuta Alam Sub-district. The study used the survey system toward the buildings with qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data analyzing is conducted spatially through geographic information systems. Based on observation results toward evacuation building in Kuta Alam Sub-district, there are some buildings renovated in order to be functioned as tsunami evacuation buildings. The renovation should be done on roof, school, and ladder evacuation of the mosque that are selected as evacuation buildings. Until today, those buildings have not been renovated to be eligible as evacuation places. The result found that there are 45 public buildings that can be used for alternative evacuation buildings in Kuta Alam Sub-district. That can accommodate 94.06 % of the total number of people this time which is 49,011 people.
Thermal conductivity of aerated concrete containing rice husk ash as partially sand replacement
Authors: Hadipramana J , Riza F V , Ali N , Somad A A A , Basri N H
Published: November 2019

Limited natural energy sources give impact on the selection of the material that can subtract energy consumption. Regarding to conservation energy, in the field of building and construction, the selection of concrete with good heat capacity is a requirement, besides light in weight. The objective of this study was to investigate the thermal conductivity of Foamed Concrete containing Rice Husk Ash (FCRHA). Rice husk ash (RHA) is the type fly ash that can absorb heat due to moisture. RHA The measurement of thermal conductivity on FC and FCRHA was conducted using box insulation and recorded using thermal data logger. The result showed that FCRHA absorb heat from the beginning when the heat is distributed, while FC slow absorp the heat. Modification FC by replacing sand partially with RHA provides an evolution to profitable use of construction materials in the heat absorption.
Land suitability based on land function using geographic information system (GIS) in landslide potential area
Authors: Susanti F , Ridha R , Kurniawan A
Published: November 2019

Located in West Lombok, Gunung Sari is an area that frequently experiences landslides. Diverse land characteristics and the incompatibility of land allotment allegedly can be some factors causing the landslides. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research to analyze the land suitability in some areas with a high frequency of landslides. The research approach used in this research is descriptive quantitative with overlay analysis techniques using Arc Gis application program. Based on the data analysis results, it was discovered that Gunung Sari has an area of 2.376.36 Ha or 29% of the total land area which is not in accordance with its designation, an area of 4.032.49 Ha or 49% of the total land area can be categorized into a conditional land and an area of 1.786 Ha or 22% of the total land might be classified into a suitable area land. According to the land function of this area, it was found that the largest area that is unsuitable land and conditional land are located in the conservation zone covering an area of 2249.48 Ha for the unsuitable land and 2433.24 Ha for the conditional land.
Analysis of drainage dimension at the density of housing environment (case study: urban drainage at Gampong Keuramat, Kuta Alam, Banda Aceh, Indonesia)
Authors: Akmal
Published: November 2019

In the relatively flat area such as Banda Aceh, the effort to prevent flooding could be made by monitoring the drainage system. This study was conducted at Gampong Keuramat, Kuta Alam subdistrict, Banda Aceh, in which the area has been densely populated yet having uneven population distribution and experience the continuous increasing of less-planned residential area coverage as the rise in the number of immigration to the region. If not anticipated further, the condition could lead to flooding since the amount of water discharge to the drainage could be larger than the capacity of existing drainage. Thus, this study was conducted to analyze the capacity of existing drainage and to identify the cause of drainage inundation in the area. The study was focus on the part of the drainage that was not functioned normally, while Rational Method was used to analyze the channel discharge data. The result shows that the E-F channel and F-G channel are not in the safe condition since the channel discharge design is broader (0.06 m3/sec and 0.08 m3/sec, respectively) than the actual channel discharge (0.05 m3/sec and 0.07 m3/sec, respectively). Furthermore, those channels can be improved by increasing the slope and enlarging the channel’s dimension.
Evaluation of maintenance system in emergency installation of Meuraxa Hospital Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Fatimah A , Amin J
Published: November 2019

Hospital building and all its equipment require regular maintenance in order to avoid heavier damage. The implementation of continuity of optimal hospital building maintenance is expected to reduce the incidence of heavier damage and minimize the cost of existing repair and ensure the readiness of supporting facilities for the implementation of health services to the public in the hospital. The purpose of this research is to know the maintenance system that has been applied and to identify the condition of building emergency installation in Meuraxa Hospital. This research was conducted by distributing questionnaires to 91 respondents who are employees, nurses, doctors, and families of patients who are in the installation of Meuraxa hospital in Banda Aceh. Based on descriptive analysis, obtained the highest mean value is at component of roof maintenance at Building emergency installation (X1) for 3,934. This shows that respondents assess the roof maintenance variable is good. And the lowest mean is on ceramic maintenance component (X2) for 2,894. This indicates that respondents assess ceramic maintenance are less well. The observation results show the same thing with the opinion of the respondents which is the roof conditions on emergency installation Meuraxa is categorized as mild damage and still functioning well but the color of the roof cover has faded. Similarly, in the paint maintenance (X3), window and door frames maintenance (X4), ceiling maintenance (X5), water installation maintenance (X6), electrical installation maintenance (X7), air conditioning installation maintenance (X8), sanitary maintenance (X9) ) is categorized as mild damage but still function well. On the results of these observations by researchers in general about the building emergency installation, it can be concluded that the implementation of building emergency installation maintenance has been done well.
Development of construction dispute resolution process through arbitration (Indonesian National Board of Arbitration (BANI)
Authors: Hayati K , Latief Y , Santos A J
Published: November 2019

The construction industry has various levels of complexity and competitiveness that may lead to conflicts among different principle and perspective. In case these conflicts are not managed properly, soon it will become disputes. One of the institutions in the field of arbitration for settlement of construction disputes in Indonesia is the Indonesian National Board of Arbitration (BANI). This study shows the construction project arbitration process and its risk factors in the Indonesian National Board of Arbitration (BANI). The study was conducted with structured interviews and surveys for data collection, followed by statistical and qualitative risk analysis. Current construction dispute resolution processes applied in the Indonesian National Board of Arbitration (BANI) is then evaluated by reviewing its processes followed by suggestion for a faster procedure of dispute resolution through the arbitration. This research will develop the dispute resolution process using arbitrage method in order to optimize the necessary time for dispute resolution.
Structural characterization of mixed local material for a ceramic porcelain insulator
Authors: Aripin H , Usrah I , Busaeri N , Priyadi R , Hermawan Y , Sudiana I N , Joni I M , Sabchevski S
Published: November 2019

A novel type of ceramic porcelain insulator material was produced by mixing kaolin with zeolite. The composition was prepared by adding a controllable amount of kaolin ranging from 30 wt% to 100 wt% into the zeolite. Then a series of samples were sintered at 1200°C. The influence of the composition on the structural properties was studied in detail using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results show that the microstructure of porcelain body is characterized by the presence of elongated mullite grains. It was found also that the decrease of the kaolin content in the porcelain body leads to a decrease in the crystalline phase of mullite. The analysis of the structural properties of such ceramics indicates that zeolite could not be recommended as an appropriate material for manufacturing of high-voltage ceramic porcelain insulators by mixing it with kaolin.
The current and voltage curves simulation solar module using IV tracer networks
Authors: Cholish  , Sara I D , Away Y , Azis A , Noorly E
Published: November 2019

Simulation is done to see that the output parameter value of a solar module. Output produced a solar module as measured manually does not provide information that solar modules working at optimal power. Information on the performance of a solar module can be done with a piece of equipment called IV Tracer. IV Tracer work to collect data by varying the value of the working voltage of solar modules ranging from short circuit to open relations. IV Tracer circuits using MOSFETs IRF540 with snubber circuits produce 52 samples of data for 506 mS. The shape of the characteristic curve of current and voltage (IV) produced in accordance with the datasheet PSIM with the fill factor of 0.71.IV Tracer circuit can generate output parameters according to the theory of power changes to variations in temperature values of 0.05% and variations in light intensity of 0.14%. IV Tracer circuit with MOSFET switching system and may dampen stepping snubber circuit voltage of -0.2 V in accordance with the solar module to be tested.
Comparative analysis between the switch mode power supply (SMPS) using IC Tl494cn transformer based on power supply linear
Authors: Azis H A , Cholish  , Rimbawati  , Evalina N
Published: November 2019

In general Audio Amplifier using linear transformer-based power supply as energy conversion. Such use may cause interference with electrical installation sourced from the substation circuit. The non-linear load would cause problems in the electrical installation system. This research shows that Switch Mode Power Supply (SMPS) has a minimum voltage Vdrop output load of about 100 to 33.33 ohms. On the burden of 25-20 ohms as the voltage Vdrop output, which is different from Linear Power Supply Transformer-based parameters, that its voltage Vdrop output was changed significantly.