bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PSMA1 mediates tumor progression and poor prognosis of gastric carcinoma by deubiquitinating and stabilizing TAZ
Authors: Yang Qinyu , Lu Ying , Shangguan Jianfang , Shu Xu
Published: November 2022

The deubiquitinating enzyme family in tumor progression play important role in intracellular protein degradation. The proteasome subunit alpha type 1 (PSMA1) has been reported to act as an oncogene in several human cancers. The present study aimed to reveal the functional significance of PSMA1 in gastric cancer (GC) progression and the underlying mechanisms. The expression of PSMA1 in human GC samples and GC cell lines was examined by western blot analysis, real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and in vitro ubiquitination assays and established a xenograft mouse model. We found that PSMA1 was upregulated in GC and promoted proliferation, migration and invasion in GC cells. Herein, we report transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) was a downstream gene of PSMA1. Mechanistically, PSMA1 directly interacted with and stabilized TAZ via deubiquitination in GC. Furthermore, we found that TAZ was the essential mediator of PSMA1-modulated oncogenic activity in vitro and in vivo. Examination of clinical samples confirmed that elevated mediators of PSMA1, concomitant with increased TAZ abundance, correlate with human GC progression. These data suggested that PSMA1 promotes GC progression and proliferation by deubiquitinating TAZ. PSMA1 promotes GC progression and proliferation regarding PSMA1-mediated deubiquitinating enzyme activity and suggest potential therapeutic targets for GC management.
The more you do it, the easier it gets: using behaviour change theory to support health care professionals offering reproductive genetic carrier screening
Authors: Best Stephanie , Long Janet C. , Fehlberg Zoe , Theodorou Tahlia , Hatem Sarah , Archibald Alison , Braithwaite Jeffrey
Published: November 2022

Recent advances in genomic sequencing have improved the accessibility of reproductive genetic carrier screening (RGCS). As awareness and interest grows, non-genetic health care professionals are increasingly offering RGCS to consumers. We conducted a qualitative interview study informed by behaviour change theory to identify influences on health care professionals considered as ‘early adopters’ offering RGCS through Mackenzie’s Mission, an Australian national research study investigating the implementation of free RGCS to couple’s preconception or in early pregnancy. Interviews were deductively analysed using the Theoretical Domains Framework to examine barriers and enabling factors. In total, we interviewed 31 health care professionals, who were primarily general practitioners (n = 23) offering RGCS through Mackenzie’s Mission. Upon analysis, 15 barriers and 44 enablers to implementation were identified and categorised across three health care professional target behaviours 1. Engaging with RGCS, 2. Identifying eligible patients, and 3. Offering RGCS. Whilst all Theoretical Domains Framework domains were present, barriers were predominantly categorised as ‘Environmental Context and Resources’ e.g., lack of time, followed by ‘Knowledge’ e.g., lack of understanding about genetics and ‘Beliefs about Capabilities’ e.g., concern about giving high risk results to patients. Although health care professionals expressed a preference for offering RGCS through a comprehensive and supported model of care, such as Mackenzie’s Mission, barriers remain. By understanding what drives current health care professionals’ behaviour towards offering RGCS, behaviour change theory provides an avenue to direct future efforts based on evidence and improve service delivery.
Rapid atom-efficient polyolefin plastics hydrogenolysis mediated by a well-defined single-site electrophilic/cationic organo-zirconium catalyst
Authors: Mason Alexander H. , Motta Alessandro , Das Anusheela , Ma Qing , Bedzyk Michael J. , Kratish Yosi , Marks Tobin J.
Published: November 2022

Polyolefins comprise a major fraction of single-use plastics, yet their catalytic deconstruction/recycling has proven challenging due to their inert saturated hydrocarbon connectivities. Here a very electrophilic, formally cationic earth-abundant single-site organozirconium catalyst chemisorbed on a highly Brønsted acidic sulfated alumina support and characterized by a broad array of experimental and theoretical techniques, is shown to mediate the rapid hydrogenolytic cleavage of molecular and macromolecular saturated hydrocarbons under mild conditions, with catalytic onset as low as 90 °C/0.5 atm H2 with 0.02 mol% catalyst loading. For polyethylene, quantitative hydrogenolysis to light hydrocarbons proceeds within 48 min with an activity of > 4000 mol(CH2 units)·mol(Zr)−1·h−1 at 200 °C/2 atm H2 pressure. Under similar solventless conditions, polyethylene-co−1-octene, isotactic polypropylene, and a post-consumer food container cap are rapidly hydrogenolyzed to low molecular mass hydrocarbons. Regarding mechanism, theory and experiment identify a turnover-limiting C-C scission pathway involving ß-alkyl transfer rather than the more common σ-bond metathesis.
Breakup of the proton halo nucleus 8B near barrier energies
Authors: Yang L. , Lin C. J. , Yamaguchi H. , Moro A. M. , Ma N. R. , Wang D. X. , Cook K. J. , Mazzocco M. , Wen P. W. , Hayakawa S. , Wang J. S. , Yang Y. Y. , Zhang G. L. , Huang Z. , Inoue A. , Jia H. M. , Kahl D. , Kim A. , Kwag M. S. , Commara M. La , Gu G. M. , Okamoto S. , Parascandolo C. , Pierroutsakou D. , Shimizu H. , Sun H. H. , Wang M. L. , Yang F. , Zhong F. P.
Published: November 2022

The dynamics of a nuclear open quantum system could be revealed in the correlations between the breakup fragments of halo nuclei. The breakup mechanism of a proton halo nuclear system is of particular interest as the Coulomb polarization may play an important role, which, however, remains an open question. Here we use a highly efficient silicon detector array and measure the correlations between the breakup fragments of 8B incident on 120Sn at near-barrier energies. The energy and angular correlations can be explained by a fully quantum mechanical method based on the state-of-the-art continuum discretized coupled channel calculations. The results indicate that, compared to the neutron halo nucleus 6He, 8B presents distinctive reaction dynamics: the dominance of the elastic breakup. This breakup occurs mainly via the short-lived continuum states, almost exhausts the 7Be yield, indicating the effect of Coulomb polarization on the proton halo state. The correlation information reveals that the prompt breakup mechanism dominates, occurring predominantly on the outgoing trajectory. We also show that, as a large environment, the continuum of 8B breakup may not significantly influence elastic scattering and complete fusion.
High thermal conductivity in wafer-scale cubic silicon carbide crystals
Authors: Cheng Zhe , Liang Jianbo , Kawamura Keisuke , Zhou Hao , Asamura Hidetoshi , Uratani Hiroki , Tiwari Janak , Graham Samuel , Ohno Yutaka , Nagai Yasuyoshi , Feng Tianli , Shigekawa Naoteru , Cahill David G.
Published: November 2022

High thermal conductivity electronic materials are critical components for high-performance electronic and photonic devices as both active functional materials and thermal management materials. We report an isotropic high thermal conductivity exceeding 500 W m−1K−1 at room temperature in high-quality wafer-scale cubic silicon carbide (3C-SiC) crystals, which is the second highest among large crystals (only surpassed by diamond). Furthermore, the corresponding 3C-SiC thin films are found to have record-high in-plane and cross-plane thermal conductivity, even higher than diamond thin films with equivalent thicknesses. Our results resolve a long-standing puzzle that the literature values of thermal conductivity for 3C-SiC are lower than the structurally more complex 6H-SiC. We show that the observed high thermal conductivity in this work arises from the high purity and high crystal quality of 3C-SiC crystals which avoids the exceptionally strong defect-phonon scatterings. Moreover, 3C-SiC is a SiC polytype which can be epitaxially grown on Si. We show that the measured 3C-SiC-Si thermal boundary conductance is among the highest for semiconductor interfaces. These findings provide insights for fundamental phonon transport mechanisms, and suggest that 3C-SiC is an excellent wide-bandgap semiconductor for applications of next-generation power electronics as both active components and substrates.
Correlated color temperature is not a suitable proxy for the biological potency of light
Authors: Esposito Tony , Houser Kevin
Published: November 2022

Using a simulation based on a real, five-channel tunable LED lighting system, we show that Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) is not a reasonable predictor of the biological potency of light, whether characterized with CIE melanopic Equivalent Daylight Illuminance (mel-EDI), Equivalent Melanopic Lux (EML) (a scalar multiple of mel-EDI), or Circadian Stimulus (CS). At a photopic corneal illuminance of 300 lx and Rf ≥ 70, spectra can vary in CS from 17 to 41% across CCTs from 2500 to 6000 K, and up to 23% at a single CCT, due to the choice of spectrum alone. The CS range is largest, and notably discontinuous, at a CCT of 3500 K, the location of the inflection point of the CS model. At a photopic corneal illuminance of 300 lx and Rf ≥ 70, mel-EDI can vary from 123 to 354 lx across CCTs from 2500 to 6000 K and can vary by up to 123 lx at a fixed CCT (e.g., 196 to 319 lx at 5000 K). The range of achievable mel-EDI increases as CCT increases and, on average, decreases as color fidelity, characterized with IES TM-30 Rf, increases. These data demonstrate that there is no easy mathematical conversion between CS and mel-EDI when a spectrally diverse spectra set of spectral power distributions is considered.
Theoretical designing of non-fullerene derived organic heterocyclic compounds with enhanced nonlinear optical amplitude: a DFT based prediction
Authors: Khalid Muhammad , Khan Mashal , Mahmood Khalid , Arshad Muhammad , Imran Muhammad , Braga Ataualpa Albert Carmo , Hussain Riaz
Published: November 2022

In current era, non-fullerene (NF) chromophores have been reported as significant NLO materials due to promising optoelectronic properties. Therefore, a series of NF based chromophores abbreviated as TPBD2-TPBD6 with D–π–A architecture was designed from the reference compound (TPBR1) by its structural tailoring with an efficient donor and various acceptor groups for the first time. First, the structures of said compounds were optimized at M06-2X/6-311G (d,p) level. Further, the optimized structures were utilized to execute frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), UV–Visible (UV–Vis) absorption, density of states (DOS) and transition density matrix (TDM) analyses at the same level to understand the non-linear (NLO) response of TPBR1 and TPBD2-TPBD6. Promising NLO results were achieved for all derivatives i.e., the highest amplitude of linear polarizability ⟨α⟩, first (βtotal) and second ($$\gamma$$
γ
total) hyperpolarizabilities than their parent molecule. The compound TPBD3 was noted with the most significant NLO properties as compared to the standard molecule. The structural modeling approach by utilizing the acceptor molecules has played a prominent role in attaining favorable NLO responses in the molecules. Thus, our study has tempted the experimentalists to synthesize the proposed NLO materials for the modern optoelectronic high-tech applications.
Fractal fractional analysis of non linear electro osmotic flow with cadmium telluride nanoparticles
Authors: Murtaza Saqib , Kumam Poom , Kaewkhao Attapol , Khan Naveed , Ahmad Zubair
Published: November 2022

Numerical simulations of non-linear Casson nanofluid flow were carried out in a microchannel using the fractal-fractional flow model. The nano-liquid is prepared by dispersing Cadmium Telluride nanoparticles in common engine oil. Using relative constitutive equations, the system of mathematical governing equations has been formulated along with initial and boundary conditions. Dimensionless variables have been used to obtain the non-dimensional form of the governing equations. The fractal-fractional model has been obtained by employing the fractal-fractional operator of the exponential kernel. As the exact solution of the non-linear fractal-fractional model is very tough to find, therefore the formulated model has been solved numerically via the Crank-Nicolson scheme. Various plots are generated for the inserted parameters. From the analysis, it has been observed that a greater magnitude of the electro-kinetic parameter slows down the fluid's velocity. It is also worth noting that the fractional and classical models can also be derived from the fractal-fractional model by taking the parameters tend to zero. From the analysis, it is also observed that in response to 0.04 volume fraction of cadmium telluride nanoparticles, the rate of heat transfer (Nusselt number) and rate of mass transfer (Sherwood number) increased by 15.27% and 2.07% respectively.
Association of COVID-19 with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ssentongo Paddy , Zhang Yue , Witmer Lisa , Chinchilli Vernon M. , Ba Djibril M.
Published: November 2022

Emerging evidence suggests that coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) may lead to a wide range of post-acute sequelae outcomes, including new onset of diabetes. The aim of this meta-analysis was to estimate the incidence of newly diagnosed diabetes in survivors of COVID-19. We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and the World Health Organization Global Literature on Coronavirus Disease and clinical trial registries for studies reporting the association of COVID-19 and diabetes. Search dates were December 2019–October 16, 2022. Two investigators independently assessed studies for inclusion. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. We estimated the effect of COVID-19 on incident diabetes by random-effects meta-analyses using the generic inverse variance method. We identified 8 eligible studies consisting of 4,270,747 COVID-19 patients and 43,203,759 controls. Median age was 43 years (interquartile range, IQR 35–49), and 50% were female. COVID-19 was associated with a 66% higher risk of incident diabetes (risk ratio, 1.66; 95% CI 1.38; 2.00). The risk was not modified by age, sex, or study quality. The median risk of bias assessment was 7. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, COVID-19 was associated with higher risk for developing new onset diabetes among survivors. Active monitoring of glucose dysregulation after recovery from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is warranted.
Inflammatory biomarkers and pendelluft magnitude in ards patients transitioning from controlled to partial support ventilation
Authors: Cornejo Rodrigo A. , Arellano Daniel H. , Ruiz-Rudolph Pablo , Guiñez Dannette V. , Morais Caio C. A. , Gajardo Abraham I. J. , Lazo Marioli T. , Brito Roberto E. , Cerda María A. , González Sedric J. , Rojas Verónica A. , Diaz Gonzalo A. , López Lorena D. M. , Medel Juan N. , Soto Dagoberto I. , Bruhn Alejandro R. , Amato Marcelo B. P. , Estuardo Nivia R.
Published: November 2022

The transition from controlled to partial support ventilation is a challenge in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients due to the risks of patient-self-inflicted lung injury. The magnitude of tidal volume (VT) and intrapulmonary dyssynchrony (pendelluft) are suggested mechanisms of lung injury. We conducted a prospective, observational, physiological study in a tertiary academic intensive care unit. ARDS patients transitioning from controlled to partial support ventilation were included. On these, we evaluated the association between changes in inflammatory biomarkers and esophageal pressure swing (ΔPes), transpulmonary driving pressure (ΔPL), VT, and pendelluft. Pendelluft was defined as the percentage of the tidal volume that moves from the non-dependent to the dependent lung region during inspiration, and its frequency at different thresholds (− 15, − 20 and − 25%) was also registered. Blood concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, ANGPT2, RAGE, IL-18, Caspase-1) were measured before (T0) and after 4-h (T4) of partial support ventilation. Pendelluft, ΔPes, ΔPL and VT were recorded. Nine out of twenty-four patients (37.5%) showed a pendelluft mean ≥ 10%. The mean values of ΔPes, ΔPL, and VT were − 8.4 [− 6.7; − 10.2] cmH2O, 15.2 [12.3–16.5] cmH2O and 8.1 [7.3–8.9] m/kg PBW, respectively. Significant associations were observed between the frequency of high-magnitude pendelluft and IL-8, IL-18, and Caspase-1 changes (T0/T4 ratio). These results suggest that the frequency of high magnitude pendelluft may be a potential determinant of inflammatory response related to inspiratory efforts in ARDS patients transitioning to partial support ventilation. Future studies are needed to confirm these results.
Winding-to-ground fault location in power transformer windings using combination of discrete wavelet transform and back-propagation neural network
Authors: Chiradeja Pathomthat , Ngaopitakkul Atthapol
Published: November 2022

Power transformers are important equipment in power systems and require a responsive and accurate protection system to ensure system reliability. In this paper, a fault location algorithm for power transformers based on the discrete wavelet transform and back-propagation neural network is presented. The system is modelled on part of Thailand’s transmission and distribution system. The ATP/EMTP software is used to simulate fault signals to validate the proposed algorithm, and the performance is evaluated under various conditions. In addition, various activation functions in the hidden and output layers are compared to select suitable functions for the algorithm. Test results show that the proposed algorithm can correctly locate faults on the transformer winding under different conditions with an average error of less than 0.1%. This result demonstrates the feasibility of implementing the proposed algorithm in actual protection systems for power transformers.
Moderate and transient impact of antibiotic use on the gut microbiota in a rural Vietnamese cohort
Authors: Bich Vu Thi Ngoc , Le Ngoc Giang , Barnett David , Chan Jiyang , van Best Niels , Tien Tran Dac , Anh Nguyen Thi Hien , Hoang Tran Huy , van Doorn H. Rogier , Wertheim Heiman F. L. , Penders John
Published: November 2022

The human gut microbiota has been shown to be significantly perturbed by antibiotic use, while recovering to the pre-treatment state several weeks after short antibiotic exposure. The effects of antibiotics on the gut microbiota have however been mainly documented in high-income settings with lower levels of antibiotic resistance as compared to lower and middle income countries (LMIC). This study aimed to examine the long-term consequences of repeated exposure to commonly use antibiotics on the fecal microbiota of residents living in a low income setting with high prevalence of antibiotic resistance. Fecal samples from household individuals (n = 63) participating in a rural cohort in northern Vietnam were collected monthly for a period of 6 months. Using 16S V4 rRNA gene region amplicon sequencing and linear mixed-effects models analysis, we observed only a minor and transient effect of antibiotics on the microbial richness (ß = − 31.3, 95%CI = − 55.3, − 7.3, p = 0.011), while the microbial diversity was even less affected (ß = − 0.298, 95%CI − 0.686, 0.090, p = 0.132). Principal Component Analyses (PCA) did not reveal separation of samples into distinct microbiota-based clusters by antibiotics use, suggesting the microbiota composition was not affected by the antibiotics commonly used in this population. Additionally, the fecal microbial diversity of the subjects in our study cohort was lower when compared to that of healthy Dutch adults (median 3.95 (IQR 3.72–4.13) vs median 3.69 (IQR3.31–4.11), p = 0.028, despite the higher dietary fiber content in the Vietnamese as compared to western diet. Our findings support the hypothesis that frequent antibiotic exposure may push the microbiota to a different steady state that is less diverse but more resilient to disruption by subsequent antibiotic use.
Diagnostic performance of two non-invasive biomarkers used individually and in sequential combination for cirrhosis associated with hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Suan Mohd Azri Mohd , Chan Huan Keat , Sem Xiaohui , Shilton Sonjelle , Hassan Muhammad Radzi Abu
Published: November 2022

This cross-sectional study evaluated the performance of the Aspartate Aminotransferase-to-Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) and the Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) Index when they were used individually and in sequential combination to diagnose cirrhosis associated with hepatitis C virus infection. The final evaluation involved 906 people living with hepatitis C. The diagnostic performance of individual biomarkers at cut-off scores of 1.5 and 2.0 for the APRI and at 3.25 for the FIB-4 index was assessed. For the sequential combination method, the cirrhosis status of individuals with an APRI score between 1.0 and 1.5 were reassessed using the FIB-4. Transient elastography (TE) was used as the reference standard for diagnosing cirrhosis. The APRI, at a cut-off score of 1.5, showed a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 44.9%, 97.6%, 91.1% and 76.3%, respectively. Increasing the cut-off score to 2.0 produced a much lower sensitivity (29.6%) and NPV (71.9%). The FIB-4, at a cut-off score of 3.25, yielded a sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of 40.8%, 97.3%, 89.1% and 75.0%, respectively. The sequential combination method demonstrated a much more optimal diagnostic performance (50.2% sensitivity, 96.6% specificity, 89.0% PPV and 77.9% NPV). Overall, the APRI and FIB-4 Index performed better in diagnosing cirrhosis associated with hepatitis C when they were used in sequential combination.
Synthesis, structural characterization and DFT study of N-(pyrimidyl)-ω-amino acids/peptide: β-alanine, γ-aminobutyric acid, 5-aminovaleric acid, 6-aminohexanoic acid and glycylglycine
Authors: García-Raso Angel , Terrón Angel , Fiol Juan J. , López-Zafra Adela , Picó Gemma , Vázquez-López Ezequiel M. , Barceló-Oliver Miquel , Frontera Antonio
Published: November 2022

H-bonding networks and π–π and anion–π interactions in crystal structures of N-modified-amino acid pyrimidine analogs are investigated by means of DFT calculations and X-ray crystallography analysis.
Toward predicting surface energy of rutile TiO2with machine learning
Authors: Lai Fuming , Ge Riyue , Zhao Min , Zhou Zhiling , Hu Yanqiang , Yang Jian , Tong Shengfu
Published: November 2022

A database of rutile TiO2containing 3000 morphologies was established. With this database, the surface energy was predicted from the experimentally observed crystal equilibrium morphology using the KNN model.
Selective hydrogenation of highly concentrated acetylene streams over mechanochemically synthesized PdAg supported catalysts
Authors: Kley Klara Sophia , De Bellis Jacopo , Schüth Ferdi
Published: November 2022

The effect of multiple parameters on the selective hydrogenation of acetylene in equimolar acetylene–ethylene streams on supported PdAg catalysts was studied, and optimal conditions were found for high conversion, selectivity, and catalyst stability.
Boosted photothermal hydrogenation of acetylene on an efficient Au–Fe alloy catalyst
Authors: Zhou Yuheng , Wang Xiaohui , Huang Xubo , Deng Hui , Hu Yuntao , Lu Linfang
Published: November 2022

A chloroform-assisted method has been developed to prepare Au–Fe alloy catalysts under mild conditions, and they exhibit an excellent activity in the photothermal hydrogenation of acetylene.
Rational reprogramming of the sesquiterpene synthase BcBOT2 yields new terpenes with presilphiperfolane skeleton
Authors: Nikolaiczyk Vanessa , Irwan Jenny , Nguyen Trang , Fohrer Jörg , Elbers Philipp , Schrank Paul , Davari Mehdi D. , Kirschning Andreas
Published: November 2022

Computer-aided rational design allowed to create variants of the sesquiterpene cyclase BcBOT2 that yielded novel tricyclic presilphiperfolane-type sesquiterpenes.
Ten-dimensional hyphenation including simulated static gastro-intestinal digestion on the adsorbent surface, planar assays, and bioactivity evaluation for meal replacement products
Authors: Schreiner Tamara , Eggerstorfer Naila Margot , Morlock Gertrud Elisabeth
Published: November 2022

Evaluation of the bioactivity of meal replacement products before and after gastrointestinal digestion using a ten-dimensional bioanalytical hyphenation.
Heteroatom preintercalated Cl-terminated Ti3C2Tx MXene wrapped with mesoporous Fe2O3 nanospheres for improved sodium ion storage
Authors: Liu Yishao , Gao Chenyu , Zhou Ruxuan , Hong Feng , Tong Guoqing , Wang Li , Jiang Yang
Published: November 2022

A 3D wrinkled Ti3C2Tx MXene with ultrafine subunits of Fe2O3 structure provides more active sites for Na-ion storage.
Tandem reduction and trifluoroethylation of quinolines and quinoxalines with trifluoroacetic acid and trimethylamine borane
Authors: Li Yi-Na , Zhou Ming-Xi , Wu Jin-Bo , Wang Zhen , Zeng Yao-Fu
Published: November 2022

A metal-free tandem reduction and N-trifluoroethylation of quinolines and quinoxalines has been developed using trifluoroacetic acid as an inexpensive fluorinating source in the presence of Me3N–BH3.
Model dynamic covalent thermoresponsive amphiphilic polymer co-networks based on acylhydrazone end-linked Tetronic T904 star block copolymers
Authors: Apostolides Demetris E. , Patrickios Costas S. , Simon Miriam , Gradzielski Michael , Blanazs Adam , Mussault Cécile , Marcellan Alba , Alexander Nicolas , Wesdemiotis Chrys
Published: November 2022

Hydrogels based on acylhydrazone end-linked Tetronic T904 four-armed amphiphilic star block copolymers show thermally-induced aqueous self-assembly and toughening, and cross-link dissociation and association traceableviasimple1H NMR spectroscopy.
anti-Selective synthesis of β-boryl-α-amino acid derivatives by Cu-catalysed borylamination of α,β-unsaturated esters
Authors: Nishino Soshi , Nishii Yuji , Hirano Koji
Published: November 2022

A Cu-catalysed regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselective borylamination of α,β-unsaturated esters with B2pin2and hydroxylamines has been developed. The products can be converted into functionalised α-amino acids with two adjacent stereocentres.
Correction: Enhancing electrochemical performance by triggering a local structure distortion in lithium vanadium phosphate cathode for Li ion batteries
Authors: Park Hyunyoung , Lee Wontae , Thangavel Ranjith , Oh Woong , Jin Bong-Soo , Yoon Won-Sub
Published: November 2022

Correction for ‘Enhancing electrochemical performance by triggering a local structure distortion in lithium vanadium phosphate cathode for Li ion batteries’ by Hyunyoung Park et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2TA06837K.
RIPK1 and RIPK3 in antibacterial defence
Authors: Yeap Hui Wen , Chen Kaiwen W.
Published: November 2022

Upon sensing pathogenic bacterial infection, host cells activate a multitude of inflammatory and immunogenic responses to promote bacterial clearance and restore tissue homeostasis. RIPK1 and RIPK3 are two key players in antimicrobial defence, by either driving inflammatory signalling or inducing programmed cell death activation, ranging from apoptosis, pyroptosis to necroptosis. In this review, we first discuss the mechanisms by which RIPK1 and RIPK3 promote the assembly of death-inducing complexes and how these cell death pathways are activated as host responses to counteract pathogenic bacteria. We further outline the immunological importance of cell death in antibacterial defence and highlight outstanding questions in the field.
Adaptive finite‐time control of multi‐agent systems with partial state constraints and input saturation via event‐triggered strategy
Authors: Huang Xiaoting , Yu Hui , Xia Xiaohua
Published: November 2022

This paper focuses on the finite‐time control problem of multi‐agent systems with input saturation, unknown nonlinear dynamics, external disturbances and partial state constraints via output feedback. Fuzzy logic system and fuzzy state observer are introduced to approximate the uncertain nonlinearities and estimate the unmeasurable states, respectively. The partial state constraints are dealt with by using the barrier Lyapunov function, so that all states of the system do not exceed the preset boundary values. In order to reduce the computational complexity of the virtual controller and save communication resources, a first‐order filter and an event‐triggered mechanism are introduced, respectively. It is proved that the Zeno behavior does not occur via the proposed event‐triggered controller. By stability analysis, the finite‐time convergence of tracking error to a small neighborhood of the origin is proven. The effectiveness of the theoretical results is verified by examples.
Three‐phase algorithm for independent single‐phase grid frequency estimation under grid disturbances
Authors: Reza Md. Shamim , Hossain Md. Maruf
Published: November 2022

This paper reports an algorithm for quick and precise estimation of the single‐phase grid frequency under DC offset and both odd and even harmonics. The proposed single‐phase grid frequency estimation method is derived from a three‐phase relation. It relies on a recursive discrete Fourier transform‐based orthogonal signal generator and a two samples‐based algorithm. The proposed approach is simple, demands low computational effort and generates the single‐phase grid frequency at a cost of only one fundamental period as the transient response time under the DC offset and both odd and even harmonics condition. It also produces enhanced performance when compared to several single‐phase grid frequency estimation methods documented in the technical literature. Computer simulations and laboratory experiments are conducted to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed single‐phase grid frequency estimation method.
Nonlinear kernel based feature maps for blur‐sensitive unsharp masking of JPEG images
Authors: Bhattacharya Jhilik , Marsi Stefano , Ramponi Giovanni
Published: November 2022

In this paper, a method for estimating the blur regions of an image is first proposed, resorting to a mixture of linear and nonlinear convolutional kernels. The blur map obtained is then utilized to enhance images such that the enhancement strength is an inverse function of the amount of measured blur. The blur map can also be used for tasks such as attention‐based object classification, low light image enhancement, and more. A CNN architecture is trained with nonlinear upsampling layers using a standard blur detection benchmark dataset, with the help of blur target maps. Further, it is proposed to use the same architecture to build maps of areas affected by the typical JPEG artifacts, ringing and blockiness. The blur map and the artifact map pair permit to build an activation map for the enhancement of a (possibly JPEG compressed) image. Extensive experiments on standard test images verify the quality of the maps obtained using the algorithm and their effectiveness in locally controlling the enhancement, for superior perceptual quality. Last but not least, the computation time for generating these maps is much lower than the one of other comparable algorithms.
MMFuse: A multi‐scale infrared and visible images fusion algorithm based on morphological reconstruction and membership filtering
Authors: Zhao Liangjun , Yang Hao , Dong Linlu , Zheng Liping , Asiya Manlike , Zheng Fengling
Published: November 2022

This study proposes a multi‐scale transformation method based on morphological reconstruction and membership filtering, termed as MMFuse, to fuse infrared and visible images. This method employs a fuzzy c‐means clustering algorithm for multi‐scale decomposition by introducing morphological reconstruction operations and modifying member partitions to ensure noise resistance and image detail preservation. In addition, the MMFuse utilises the image attributes of layers as their fusion weights at each scale for adaptive feature fusion, which reduces the difficulty of manual adjustment of fusion weights. Moreover, on the basis of histogram enhancement, a visible image enhancement method is proposed, which can help exploit additional texture details in low‐light visible images and transfer these details to the fused image. The experiments performed on public datasets indicates that the MMFuse can generate sharp and clean fused images with high robustness and good fusion results for the images corrupted by different noises. Moreover, the results of this method appear as high‐quality visible images with clear highlighted infrared targets.
The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS)
Authors: Ota N. , Nguyen-Dang N. T. , Mitsuishi I. , Oguri M. , Klein M. , Okabe N. , Ramos-Ceja M. E. , Reiprich T. H. , Pacaud F. , Bulbul E. , Brüggen M. , Liu A. , Migkas K. , Chiu I. , Ghirardini V. , Grandis S. , Lin Y.-T. , Miyatake H. , Miyazaki S. , Sanders J. S.
Published: November 2022

Context.We present the results of a systematic X-ray analysis of optically rich galaxy clusters detected by the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) survey in the eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS) field.

Aims.Through a joint analysis of the SRG (Spectrum Roentgen Gamma)/eROSITA and Subaru/HSC surveys, we aim to investigate the dynamical status of the optically selected clusters and to derive the cluster scaling relations.

Methods.The sample consists of 43 optically selected galaxy clusters with a richness >40 in the redshift range of 0.16–0.89. We systematically analyzed the X-ray images and emission spectra using the eROSITA data. We identified the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) using the optical and far-infrared databases. We evaluated the cluster’s dynamical status by measuring three quantities: offset between the X-ray peak and BCG position, the gas concentration parameter, and the number of galaxy-density peaks. We investigated the luminosity–temperature and mass–luminosity relations based on eROSITA X-ray spectra and HSC weak-lensing data analyses.

Results.Based on these three measurements, we estimated the fraction of relaxed clusters to be 2(< 39)%, which is smaller than that of the X-ray-selected cluster samples. After correcting for a selection bias due to the richness cut, we obtained a shallowL−Tslope of 2.1 ± 0.5, which is consistent with the predictions of the self-similar model and the baseline model incorporating a mass–concentration relation. TheL−Mslope of 1.5 ± 0.3 is in agreement with the above-cited theoretical models as well as the data on the shear-selected clusters in the eFEDs field.

Conclusions.Our analysis of high-richness optical clusters yields a small fraction of relaxed clusters and a shallow slope for the luminosity–temperature relation. This suggests that the average X-ray properties of the optical clusters are likely to be different from those observed in the X-ray samples. Thus, the joint eROSITA and HSC observations are a powerful tool in extending the analysis to a larger sample and understanding the selection effect with a view to establish cluster scaling relations.
How much metal did the first stars provide to the ultra-faint dwarfs?
Authors: Sanati Mahsa , Jeanquartier Fabien , Revaz Yves , Jablonka Pascale
Published: November 2022

Numerical simulations of dwarf galaxies have so far failed to reproduce the observed metallicity-luminosity relation, down to the regime of ultra-faint dwarfs (UFDs). We address this issue by exploring how the first generations of metal-free stars (Pop III) could help increase the mean metallicity ([Fe/H]) of those small and faint galaxies. We ran zoom-in chemo-dynamical simulations of 19 halos extracted from a Λ Cold Dark Matter (CDM) cosmological box and followed their evolution down to redshiftz = 0. Models were validated not only on the basis of galaxy global properties, but also on the detailed investigation of the stellar abundance ratios ([α/Fe]). We identified the necessary conditions for the formation of the first stars in mini-halos and derived constraints on the metal ejection schemes. The impact of Pop III stars on the final metallicity of UFDs was evaluated by considering different stellar mass ranges for their initial mass function (IMF), the influence of pair-instability supernovae (PISNe), and their energetic feedback, as well as the metallicity threshold that marks the transition from the first massive stars to the formation of low-mass long-lived stars. The inclusion of Pop III stars with masses below 140 M⊙, and a standard IMF slope of −1.3 does increase the global metallicity of UFDs, although these are insufficient to resolve the tension with observations. The PISNe with progenitor masses above 140 M⊙do allow the metal content of UFDs to further increase. However, as PISNe are very rare and sometimes absent in the faintest UFDs, they have a limited impact on the global faint end of the metallicity-luminosity relation. Despite a limited number of spectroscopically confirmed members in UFDs, which make the stellar metallicity distribution of some UFDs uncertain, our analysis reveals that this is essentially the metal-rich tail that is missing in the models. The remaining challenges are thus both observational and numerical: (i) to extend high-resolution spectroscopy data samples and confirm the mean metallicity of the faintest UFDs; and (ii) to explain the presence of chemically enriched stars in galaxies with very short star formation histories.
Investigating the origin of optical and X-ray pulsations of the transitional millisecond pulsar PSR J1023+0038
Authors: Illiano G. , Papitto A. , Ambrosino F. , Miraval Zanon A. , Coti Zelati F. , Stella L. , Zampieri L. , Burtovoi A. , Campana S. , Casella P. , Cecconi M. , de Martino D. , Fiori M. , Ghedina A. , Gonzales M. , Hernandez Diaz M. , Israel G. L. , Leone F. , Naletto G. , Perez Ventura H. , Riverol C. , Riverol L. , Torres D. F. , Turchetta M.
Published: November 2022

Context.PSR J1023+0038 is the first millisecond pulsar that was ever observed as an optical and UV pulsar. So far, it is the only optical transitional millisecond pulsar. The rotation- and accretion-powered emission mechanisms hardly individually explain the observed characteristics of optical pulsations. A synergistic model, combining these standard emission processes, was proposed to explain the origin of the X-ray/UV/optical pulsations.

Aims.We study the phase lag between the pulses in the optical and X-ray bands to gain insight into the physical mechanisms that cause it.

Methods.We performed a detailed timing analysis of simultaneous or quasi-simultaneous observations in the X-ray band, acquired with theXMM-Newtonand NICER satellites, and in the optical band, with the fast photometers SiFAP2 (mounted at the 3.6 m Telescopio Nazionale Galileo) and Aqueye+ (mounted at the 1.8 m Copernicus Telescope). We estimated the time lag of the optical pulsation with respect to that in the X-rays by modeling the folded pulse profiles with two harmonic components.

Results.Optical pulses lag the X-ray pulses by ∼150 μs in observations acquired with instruments (NICER and Aqueye+) whose absolute timing uncertainty is much smaller than the measured lag. We also show that the phase lag between optical and X-ray pulsations lies in a limited range of values,δϕ ∈ (0 − 0.15), which is maintained over timescales of about five years. This indicates that both pulsations originate from the same region, and it supports the hypothesis of a common emission mechanism. Our results are interpreted in the shock-driven mini pulsar nebula scenario. This scenario suggests that optical and X-ray pulses are produced by synchrotron emission from the shock that formed within a few light cylinder radii away (∼100 km) from the pulsar, where its striped wind encounters the accretion disk inflow.
Numerical approximation of probabilistically weak and strong solutions of the stochastic total variation flow
Authors: Baňas L’ubomír , Ondreját Martin
Published: November 2022

We propose a fully practical numerical scheme for the simulation of the stochastic total variation flow (STVF). The approximation is based on a stable time-implicit finite element space-time approximation of a regularized STVF equation. The approximation also involves a finite dimensional discretization of the noise that makes the scheme fully implementable on physical hardware. We show that the proposed numerical scheme converges in law to a solution that is defined in the sense of stochastic variational inequalities (SVIs). Under strengthened assumptions the convergence can be show to holds even in probability. As a by product of our convergence analysis we provide a generalization of the concept of probabilistically weak solutions of stochastic partial differential equation (SPDEs) to the setting of SVIs. We also prove convergence of the numerical scheme to a probabilistically strong solution in probability if pathwise uniqueness holds. We perform numerical simulations to illustrate the behavior of the proposed numerical scheme as well as its non-conforming variant in the context of image denoising.
Challenging Neuromuscular Disease Cases
Authors: Bodkin Cynthia , Comer Adam , Felker Marcia , Gutmann Laurie , Jones Karra A. , Kincaid John , Payne Katelyn K. , Skinner Blair
Published: November 2022

The diagnosis of neuromuscular disorders requires a thorough history including family history and examination, with the next steps broadened now beyond electromyography and neuropathology to include genetic testing. The challenge in diagnosis can often be putting all the information together. With advances in genetic testing, some diagnoses that adult patients may have received as children deserve a second look and may result in diagnoses better defined or alternative diagnoses made. Clearly defining or redefining a diagnosis can result in understanding of potential other systems involved, prognosis, or potential treatments. This article presents several cases and approach to diagnosis as well as potential treatment and prognostic concerns, including seipinopathy, congenital myasthenic syndrome, central core myopathy, and myotonic dystrophy type 2.
Diagnostic Accuracy of V/Q and Q SPECT/CT in Patients with Suspected Acute Pulmonary Embolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Squizzato Alessandro , Venturini Alice , Pelitti Valentina , Bellini Beatrice , Bernasconi Matteo , Depalo Tommaso , Corso Angelo , Riva Nicoletta
Published: November 2022

Background Computed tomography (CT) pulmonary angiography has simplified the diagnostic approach to patients with clinically suspected acute pulmonary embolism (PE), but alternative imaging tests are still advocated. We aimed to systematically assess the diagnostic accuracy of ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) and Q single-photon emission CT combined with low-dose CT (SPECT/CT) for PE diagnosis.

Methods Studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of SPECT/CT for the diagnosis of acute PE were systematically searched in MEDLINE and EMBASE databases (up to August 2022). The QUADAS-2 tool was used for risk-of-bias assessment of the primary studies. A bivariate random-effects regression approach was used for summary estimates of both sensitivity and specificity. The PROSPERO registration number is CRD42021276538.

Results Eight studies, for a total of 1,086 patients, were included. The risk of bias of all included studies was high. The weighted mean prevalence of PE was 27.1% at the random-effects model. The SPECT/CT bivariate weighted mean sensitivity was 96% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 93–98%), with a bivariate weighted mean specificity of 95% (95% CI: 90–97%). At subgroup analysis, for V/Q SPECT/CT bivariate weighted mean sensitivity and specificity were 96% (95% CI: 89–98%) and 96% (95% CI: 91–99%), while for Q SPECT/CT they were 96% (95% CI: 92–98%) and 84% (95% CI: 66–93%), respectively.

Conclusion V/Q SPECT/CT has high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of acute PE, meanwhile Q SPECT/CT has high sensitivity but limited specificity for the diagnosis of PE. Management studies will conclusively ascertain the actual role of SPECT/CT in the diagnostic workup of patients with suspected acute PE.
Japanese no datta and no de atta in written discourse
Authors: Nishi Hironori
Published: November 2022

The present study examines no datta and no de atta, which are the past-tense forms of no da and no de aru in written Japanese. The analysis demonstrates that the choice between the present-tense no da/no de aru and the past-tense no datta/no de atta does not affect the temporal interpretation when they follow past-tense morphemes. However, a close examination has also revealed that the past-tense no datta/no de atta cannot follow a past-tense morpheme when the ongoing mode of discourse is non-narrative, while no da/no de aru and no datta/no de atta are both available options when the discourse is in the mode of narrative. The present study also suggests that when no datta/no de atta is used in narrative, it indicates that the stated information is less impactful, less dramatic, and more temporally distant, compared to the cases where no da/no de aru is used.
Convergence rates for the joint solution of inverse problems with compressed sensing data
Authors: Ebner Andrea , Haltmeier Markus
Published: November 2022

Compressed sensing (CS) is a powerful tool for reducing the amount of data to be collected while maintaining high spatial resolution. Such techniques work well in practice and at the same time are supported by solid theory. Standard CS results assume measurements to be made directly on the targeted signal. In many practical applications, however, CS information can only be taken from indirect data

h
⋆

=

W

x
⋆

related to the original signal by an additional forward operator. If inverting the forward operator is ill-posed, then existing CS theory is not applicable. In this paper, we address this issue and present two joint reconstruction approaches, namely relaxed

ℓ
1

co-regularization and strict

ℓ
1

co-regularization, for CS from indirect data. As main results, we derive error estimates for recovering

x
⋆

and

h
⋆

. In particular, we derive a linear convergence rate in the norm for the latter. To obtain these results, solutions are required to satisfy a source condition and the CS measurement operator is required to satisfy a restricted injectivity condition. We further show that these conditions are not only sufficient but even necessary to obtain linear convergence.
Anomalous depinning of magnetic domain walls within the ferromagnetic phase of the Weyl semimetal Co3Sn2S2
Authors: Shen Zihao , Zhu X D , Ullah Rahim R , Klavins Peter , Taufour Valentin
Published: November 2022

We report bulk magnetization measurements and spatially resolved measurements of magnetic domains in

C
o

3

S
n

2

S

2

single crystals. The results indicate that a previously reported magnetic anomaly around 130 K is due to an anomalous domain wall depinning upon cooling. Our measurements also reveal a hysteresis between field-cooled-cooling and field-cooled-warming magnetization curves acquired under a constant magnetic field below 300 Oe. This observation rules out the possibility that the anomaly stems from a second-order phase transition. Our results further suggest that changes in the shape of hysteresis loops from 5 to 170 K are caused by an unusual temperature-dependent domain nucleation field that changes sign around 130 K. The Kerr rotation images of the magnetic domains confirm that the domain walls depin between 120 and 140 K.