bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and Sacredness
Authors: Rousseau Jérôme
Published: April 2023

The importance of the notion of sacredness is well recognized, but its central characteristics remain elusive. A solution can be found by shifting the focus of attention from the objects, persons or rituals which are deemed to be sacred to the statements about those objects. Such statements are accepted by the believer as unquestionably true while being unprovable. Sacredness is thus a feature of statements, not of objects. Sacredness is a procedure whereby a statement may be deemed to be true in the absence of the usual modes of verification, and it thus defines a particular kind of knowledge, distinct from common sense.
Le rôle des spécialistes dans l’armée inca : un sujet à reconsidérer
Authors: Grou Gilbert
Published: April 2023

Depuis la conquête du Pérou par les Espagnols au XVIe siècle, de nombreuses études portant sur l’empire inca ont été réalisées. Pourtant peu de ces études traitent de l’armée et des institutions militaires. La plupart des chercheurs modernes s’étant penchés sur le sujet considèrent que l’armée inca était en majeure partie composée de paysans qui n’étaient pas spécialisés dans le métier des armes. Le rôle de véritables spécialistes, soldats professionnels, semble donc négligeable. Il est pourtant fort étonnant qu’une société étatique ayant constitué un empire de conquête permanent n’ait pas développé une plus grande spécialisation militaire. En fait, un examen attentif des sources ethnohistoriques indique clairement qu’on a jusqu’à présent sous-estimé le rôle des spécialistes dans l’armée inca. Cet article a donc pour but de démontrer l’existence et l’importance de cette spécialisation militaire.
Parle que l’on t’entende je te dirai qui tu es!
Authors: Bellier Irène
Published: April 2023

Les Mai huna de l’Amazonie péruvienne ont une série de mythes qui expliquent leur identité collective par rapport aux autres êtres vivants et leur identité personnelle - homme ou femme - en termes des langages différentiels que parlent les uns et les autres. La place que tient l’identité de sexe et de rôle dans le système de parenté (fils, fille, père, mère, oncle) est également l’objet de spéculations mythiques qui éclairent les fondements de la philosophie mai huna.
Curling for Cash: The “Professionalization” of a Popular Canadian Sport
Authors: Apostle Richard
Published: April 2023

This essay considere the sport of curling as practiced in Canada. At a general level, I propose that the cultural understandings which have grown around the sport are important for an assessment of its social importance. In particular, I intend to examine some of the conflicting meanings which participants have created through their involvement in the sport. I will point to the ways in which the sport is implicated in the construction and renegotiation of basic value orientations, and the ways in which curlere, especially competitive ones, test social boundaries through sophisticated forms of cheating.
The Symbolic Landscape of the Berber Cemetery
Authors: Hatt D. G.
Published: April 2023

The village cemeteries of the Berber-speaking inhabitants of the High Atlas mountains of Morocco are overgrown with untended masses of végétation which are allowed to disturb, and indeed, eventually, to obliterate, the graves. The resulting landscapes are not, however, simply areas “abandoned to nature” because, in a heavily overgrazed environment like the High-Atlas, such an overgrowth of vegetation requires the systematic exclusion of goats and sheep and the prohibition of wood-gathering, and hence is the resuit of human choice and deliberated action. In other words, what appears to be a “naturel” landscape is in fact an artifice, a “made” landscape, and, as such, is capable of being deciphered. The paper explores various dimensions of this “symbolic landscape” by situating it within the everyday habits and practices of village life.
“Native” Religion in a Severn Ojibwe Community Voices From the Inside, Voices From the Outside
Authors: Valentine Lisa Philips
Published: April 2023

The actions and voices of the people of Lynx Lake tell a story of choosing to define themselves as Christians, and declare a long-standing, community-wide commitment to maintain a strong, unified Anglican profile. This study outlines the role of the church in Lynx Lake within its historical context, presents and analyses representative samples of Native-to-Native religious discourse including a sermon and several testimonials, and addresses changing religious views of younger members of the Severn community. Central to the study is a discussion of the use of a discourse-centered approach to ethnographic research.
Les enjeux de la production de connaissances : essai sur le pouvoir, le savoir et la solidarité féministe
Authors: Piron Florence
Published: April 2023

Au coeur de la pensée postmoderne se trouve une critique fondamentale du savoir scientifique et de ses prétentions à incarner la vérité universelle. Ces prétentions entraînent la disqualification des discours non légitimés par la science et des interprétations que les acteurs sociaux font de la réalité. Les chercheurs postmodernes comme Michel Foucault s’opposent vigoureusement à ces effets de pouvoir propres à tout « discours vrai », qui entraînent de plus des conséquences imprévisibles dans divers contextes de pratiques sociales. Selon l’argumentation de cet article, une catégorie de discours féministe en sciences sociales produit lui-même de tels effets de pouvoir lorsqu’il représente « les femmes » comme universellement opprimées, notamment dans le cas des femmes du Tiers-Monde et du développement international. Afin de réagir contre ces effets, il est nécessaire de faire appel à une autre conception de la solidarité et de réorienter pragmatiquement la production de connaissances vers un régime de vérité différent, plus satisfaisant.
Et si Caïn s’était plutôt suicidé ?
Authors: Arcand Bernard
Published: April 2023

Ce texte est un exercice, inspiré par les travaux de F. Héritier, qui cherche à proposer quelques pistes de réflexion sur la question de la sanction sociale de la mise à mort. Tout comme l’interdit de l’inceste, et de la même manière que tant d’autres rapports sociaux, le meurtre ou l’exécution ne seraient possibles et tolérables, en fait ne seraient concevables et reconnaissables, qu’à la bonne distance sociale, c’est-à-dire entre le trop proche et le trop éloigné. Enfin, un bref regard sur la modernité suggère qu’il ne restera bientôt que le suicide comme forme de mise à mort acceptable.
Vie religieuse et adaptation : les Vietnamiens de Montréal
Authors: Dorais Louis-Jacques
Published: April 2023

Cet article décrit brièvement cinq cultes religieux pratiqués par les immigrants et réfugiés vietnamiens de Montréal : le culte des ancêtres, le bouddhisme, le catholicisme, le caodaïsme et le culte Lên Dong des génies. Il propose ensuite un modèle situant chacune de ces traditions sur une échelle allant de l’adaptation directe avec intégration maximale à une adaptation médiatisée par la communauté ethnique et une intégration faible.
The Religious Forms of the Elementary Life: Durkheim Revisited
Authors: Turner David H.
Published: April 2023

In Durkheim’s view religion is advanced insofar as it has given way to the dictates of science and rationalism. I argue here that religion may well be defined by its emphasis on the sensational and imaginative rather than the mental or intellectual, and that it is in these terms that religious development should be measured. The article develops the view that Australian Aborigines, far from the least developed society and religion as Durkheim imagined, should be viewed as having the greatest development of religion, as well as an extraordinary form of organic solidarity based on their religion.
Ivan KARP et Steven D. LAVINE, éditeurs, Exhibiting Cultures: The Poetics and Politics of Museum Display, Washington et Londres, Smithsonian Institution Press, publié en collaboration avec l’American Association of Museums, 1991, 468 pages, illustré
Authors: Lawson Barbara
Published: April 2023

Pointe-à-Callière, a young Museum rising above the site of the founding of Montréal, first opened its doors on May 17, 1992. Its permanent exhibition of more than 4,000 m allows visitors to examine architectural remuants, archaeological artifacts and an 18th-century heritage building. The Museum's goal is to bring the history of Montréal alive and to illustrateit in an entertaining way. Visitors roam among authentic remuants testifying to the successive inhabitants of this site: Indians, French, British, North Americans and Quebeckers. A tour of the Museum, alone, as a family or with an interpreter-guide, is a chance to discover Montréal through its archaeological heritage. It also leads us to reflect on our own role in the way the past is preserved. Finally, it makes us think about how the traces we in turn leave behind will be tomorrow's heritage for the generations to come.
Étymons, savoirs et mythèmes : Exemples de récits montagnais
Authors: Clément Daniel
Published: April 2023

La comparaison entre les connaissances montagnaises des animaux, les légendes autochtones et le savoir académique tel qu′il apparaît dans les manuels de zoologie a permis de façon fortuite la découverte de nombreux étymons des récits. Par étymons des récits, nous entendons les fondements matériels des images des récits. La mise à jour de ces étymons peut emprunter deux voies : les sources documentaires permettent d′en découvrir certains mais elles ne sont pas toujours suffisantes ; la science des usagers du mythe joue également un rôle important dans la compréhension des mythèmes. Des exemples tirés de divers récits montagnais illustrent ces propos.
Forms of Consciousness and Resistance in Native Adult Learners
Authors: Dieleman Marinus
Published: April 2023

This paper examines forms of consciousness and resistance displayed by Native adult learners in a community college setting. These are examined in the context of the college′s “takeover” of what was once a Native education department conceived and constructed by a Native political group. Current forms of consciousness and resistance within the college take the form of contestations over meaning rather than contestations over power. The paper suggests that inter- and intragroup variations in forms of consciousness and resistance are linked to forms of symbolic capital such as linguistic competence displayed by the students. Such a variation, it is suggested, may have implications for community development and the move towards self-govemment.
Reconversion économique et persistance rituelle
dans la communauté zapotèque de Mitla
Authors: Landon Thérèse
Published: April 2023

Every year, more than 200,000 tourists are visiting the
archeological site of Mitla, located in Oaxaca state (Mexico).
The Mitlena Zapotec community (8,500 people) has reacted
to the waves of tourism by transforming its economy and
developing the production and commercialization of artefacts.
The economic impact of this new trade could have
had dire consequences for the social fabric of Mitla, had the
inhabitants privileged individual wealth over community
life and reciprocity that used to be expressed during religious
celebrations. Contrary to the predications, mitlenos have
reaffirmed their communitarian identity, particularly at the
time of marriage ceremonies to which are invited members
of various community networks such as kinship and
guelaguetza.
A "Shortage of Women": Gender and Medical Care in the Highlands of Irian Jaya, Indonesia
Authors: Butt Leslie
Published: April 2023

This paper describes two distinct features ofthe Irian Jaya highlands: local practices that may contribute to gender imbalances of up to 250 menfor every 100 women; and regional health care policy and practice. Ideally, medical care and local needs complement one another, but the demographics of the region belie primary health care mandates to improve the well-being of all. Healing programmes appear more responsive to Indonesian development agendas than to community needs. This paper suggests that missionaries and medical staff do intervene, notably in events surrounding childbirth, but tend not to address the issue of long-term discrimination against women. The flexible nature of the concept "health" within primary health care allows women to fall into the void between policy and local practice.
Social Interest, Linguistic Indifférence
Authors: Sankoff David
Published: April 2023

Based on the human interests underlying sociolinguistic
description and interpretation, the author traces the epistemological
imperatives of the study of syntactic variation
through data and method to the theoretical preoccupation
with form-function polyvalence. The ultimate locus of all
syntactic or sociological claims of a theoretical or methodological
nature derives from the communicative intentions
of a speaker at the moment in dicourse where more than one
referentially or functionally equivalent structure is accessible.
We situate this moment in a social scientific critique of
linguistic ideologies.
À la recherche d’une notion perdue : les attitudes linguistiques à la québécoise…
Authors: Laur Elke
Published: April 2023

Une attitude linguistique implique d’abord une évaluation linguistique. Cette évaluation est générale, quotidienne et inéluctable et les jugements qu’elle engendre sont toujours subjectivement motivés. Ces jugements sur la langue sont d’abord des jugements sur ses locuteurs et par là même sur leurs comportements éminemment sociaux. Cet article fait une revue critique des approches théoriques et méthodologiques des attitudes linguistiques. Après un examen détaillé de certaines études menées au Québec, un continuum préliminaire pour cerner les facettes du phénomène est proposé.
Continuité et changement dans la communauté linguistique : le français parlé par des francophones et des anglophones de Montréal
Authors: Daveluy Michelle
Published: April 2023

À Montréal, le français a longtemps été utilisé quasi
exclusivement par les francophones d’origine. Puis, durant les
années 70, l’utilisation de cette langue s’est répandue dans
d’autres groupes. L’étude de la dynamique langagière, à partir
des corpus Sankoff-Cedergren et Montréal 1984, mène à une
discussion sur la notion de communauté linguistique. La distinction
entre la participation et l’appartenance à une communauté
linguistique (Hymes 1974) est illustrée avec des échantillons
de français recueillis auprès d’Anglo-Montréalais(es).
La dimension sociale et la dynamique interactionnelle : un réseau cohérent d’effets sur le discours
Authors: Dubois Sylvie
Published: April 2023

Depuis longtemps, les sociolinguistes ont mis au jour la forte relation entre l’aspect social et l’interaction : Labov, 1966 ; Bell, 1984 ; Finegan et Biber, 1994 ; Rickford et McNair-Knox, 1994. Ils ont prouvé que les facteurs sociodémographiques (sexe, âge, classe sociale, ethnicité) influencent la variation linguistique quel que soit le style langagier (formel ou informel) adopté par le locuteur. L’usage de l’énumération - une stratégie discursive fréquente, expressive et fonctionnelle - chez les Montréalais francophones est influencé par des facteurs sociaux (l’âge et la classe socioprofessionnelle) et des facteurs interactionnels (l’entrevue et le questionnaire). Les plus jeunes locuteurs du corpus (15-33 ans) et les informateurs de la classe moins favorisée, à un degré moindre, sont responsables d’une plus grande part d’énumérations de type A : informatives, sous forme d’inventaire et peu complexes structurellement (longueur, syntaxe, marqueurs, répétition, etc.). Inversement, les locuteurs plus âgés (34 ans et plus) et ceux de la classe socioprofessionnelle élevée élaborent de préférence des énumérations de type B : argumentatives dont les éléments sont synonymiques ou organisés selon un ordre spécifique et structurellement plus complexes. Par ailleurs, on remarque un plus grand nombre d’énumérations de type A dans le questionnaire, alors que les énumérations de type B se repèrent davantage dans l’entrevue. Les résultats de mon analyse montrent clairement la variation linguistique déterminée uniquement par l’interaction ou par les facteurs sociaux, mais on observe également des parallèles importants entre les deux dimensions puisqu’elles existent conjointement et forment la base extralinguistique sur laquelle repose le discours des locuteurs.
We are "Negative" But We are Not Healed: The Cultural Construction of Leprosy and Gender in Bangladesh
Authors: E. Wilson-Moore Margot
Published: April 2023

In this paper I discuss the ways in which leprosy is culturally constructed in Bangladesh and the ways in which that construction impacts patient experiences of leprosy. Concepts of pollution and purity are strong and leprosy patients are routinely ostracized by their families and communities. As a result patients are reluctant to label themselves and often postpone diagnosis for fear of the social repercussions. Nevertheless, male patients tend to seek treatment earlier in the course of the disease than females do. Women regularly wait until they are severely disabled before seeking treatment. Women in Bangladesh are routinely viewed as improductive, non-contributing members of the community. Expected to live virtuous, submissive, secluded lives, their behaviour a symbol for family honour and prestige, women with leprosy are often considered as having failed to meet these criteria and, accordingly, are abandoned by their families without recourse and without support. The seclusion of women provides the opportunity and fear the motive for women to hide their disease for the longest possible time. Understanding these behaviours as logical outcomes of the culturally constructed experience of leprosy provides a focus for developing more inclusive treatment and rehabilitation programming and for addressing not only the physical but the social problems associated with leprosy as well.
Travail, identités et construction d’une image de soi dans les récits de vie d’immigrants italo-montréalais
Authors: Peressini Mauro
Published: April 2023

L’article propose une analyse du thème du travail tel qu’il se présente dans les récits de vie d’immigrants italiens à Montréal. Les récits de vie sont considérés comme des pratiques narratives dont le but est de construire et de transmettre à un interlocuteur une image de soi jugée positive. L’analyse des récits de vie dégage deux images. Premièrement, en définissant deux formes de travail distinctes (travail « fermé » et travail « ouvert ») et en utilisant deux critères différents pour juger les expériences de travail vécues dans le passé (« sociabilité » et « instrumentabilité » du travail), les récits tendent à présenter les narrateurs comme les victimes de mondes imparfaits marqués par une incompatibilité inévitable : plus le travail se présente comme un espace-temps socialement chaleureux, moins il assure une fiabilité de l’emploi et des revenus, et vice versa. Deuxièmement, les identités par lesquelles les narrateurs se mettent en scène sur les lieux et les temps de travail tendent aussi à présenter les narrateurs comme des individus pour qui le travail n’est pas une fin en soi, un domaine d’investissement ou de réalisation personnels. Plutôt que de mettre en scène des individus indépendants qui affirment, dans le travail, leurs propres qualités, désirs ou aspirations, les récits présentent au contraire des individus qui se valorisent par l’excellence avec laquelle ils ont su respecter au travail des modèles de conduite familiaux, communautaires ou contractuels imposés de l’extérieur par le groupe, la tradition ou la loi. La conclusion suggère quelques pistes d’explication des images de soi que le thème du travail suscite ainsi en contextualisant le groupe de narrateurs chez qui les récits furent recueillis.
Ethnicity Deconstructed: The breakup of the former Yugoslavia and personal reflections on nationalism, identity and displacement
Authors: Petrovic Edit
Published: April 2023

This article is a self-reflexive attempt to bring to light the different problems presented by the idiom of "ethnicity." The main obstacle to attempting the self-reflexive approach is a paradox: it is difficult to derive scientific credibility from elaborations based on implicit feelings, inconsistencies, and unrelated experiences, yet these same elements are seen as relevant ethnographic materials. I describe personal experiences that revolve around three themes: nationalism, identity and displacement. Implicitly, I argue that: a) "ethnicity" is entirely a matter of context that translates into unrelated experiences and contradictory feelings that shape and transform our sense of who we are, or who we are not; b) situations where individuals are forced to expose their ethnic identity and declare "ethnic loyalties" may influence some to become aware that they have no ethnic identity (forced attachment equals detachment); c) there are no groups that are "more nationalistic" or "less nationalistic" - erupting nationalism in former Yugoslavia is seen mainly as a resuit of skillful political manipulation, rather than just a "thing out there"; and d) displacement provides a needed contrastive perspective for articulating one’s own identity.
Consuming Passions: Child Abuse, Fetishism, and "The New World Order"
Authors: Comaroff Jean
Published: April 2023

While our current world — post-colonial, late-capitalist, translocal — might seem uniquely plagued by eroding frontiers and virtual realities, it is still peopled by beings who try to build shelters on what they take as relatively firm cultural ground. This paper explores one African instance of how people live at the juncture of global currents, how they deal with the "beat" of heteroglossia. I focus on the changing figure of the "post-colonial" witch — the witch who trades in commodities and travels by taxi — and I explore his/her characteristic obsessions. How do such figures bespeak late twentieth-century conditions? Why are they increasingly preoccupied with the bodies of the young? Does this bear any relation to what underlies the rising terror, in many Western contexts, of the physical vulnerability of children?
Culture, Technology and the New Death: Deadly Disputes in Japan and North America
Authors: Lock Margaret
Published: April 2023

"Brain death" was institutionalized 25 years ago primarily to make organs "harvested" from brain dead bodies on an artificial ventilator available for transplant. Doubts exist as to whether the donors used in the first heart transplants conducted in South Africa in 1967, and in Japan in 1968, were dead. Reaction to these two experiments was remarkably different. In Japan the surgeon was arrested for murder, a national debate about brain death continues today, and transplants from brain dead bodies have only been made permissible since June 1997. This debate contrasts with that in North America, where transplant technology is routinized and an organ "shortage" is recognized. In Japan the argument is politicized, focuses on death, and draws on cultural knowledge about Self and Other; Japan and the West; harmony and individualism; tradition and modernity / postmodernity. North American discussion focuses on saving lives; making death meaningful; remaking death yet again; and assumes technology to be culturally and politically autonomous. These respective debates are discussed using textual analysis and the results of interviews with philosophers, physicians, and nurses in both cultural settings. An effort is made to suggest why the Japanese debate is central in constituting contemporary cultural identity, whereas the North American debate is of little public interest. The significance for anthropology of the hybrid status of brain dead bodies and organ recipients together with the national and global circulation and commodification of bodies and body parts associated with this technology is considered.
Les errances du Renard pâle dans le haut pays dogon
Authors: Bibeau Gilles
Published: April 2023

Je montrerai dans cette communication comment la nouvelle ethnographie réalisée par des équipes hollandaises et italo-malienne dans le haut-pays dogon a conduit à mettre en doute la fiabilité des travaux classiques de l’équipe de Griaule. Il s’agira de comprendre ce qui peut expliquer les écarts entre l’ethnographie de Griaule, Leiris, Dieterlen et Calame-Griaule d’une part et celle de Walter van Beek, Piero Coopo et L. Pisani d’autre part. Je me demanderai aussi pourquoi les voix du dedans, particulièrement celles des romanciers, tendent à construire l’ethnographie dogon en prenant une grande distance par rapport à la littérature ethnologique d’hier et d’aujourd’hui. J’examinerai les ouvrages de fiction de Yambo Ouologuem et de Hampaté Ba, en me demandant si ces ouvrages ne rendent pas mieux compte de la société dogon que ne le font les ethnologues eux-mêmes.
Loaves and Fishes: Sustaining Anthropology at McGill
Authors: Trigger Bruce G.
Published: April 2023

The McGill anthropology department provides an example of a small and poorly funded department striving to achieve excellence by concentrating its limited resources on a few highly specific objectives. Initially the goal of the department was to study the impact of economic development on indigenous peoples. While this focus shaped early recruitment of teaching staff and the graduate program, other considerations, especially the needs of the undergraduate program, required a broader coverage of anthropology. In recent decades the shift from a behaviourist to a cognitive orientation in anthropology has encouraged increasing emphasis on cultural anthropology at the graduate level as social change and development have come to be viewed increasingly from a perceptual point of view. The dialectic between the needs of the graduate and the undergraduate programs has promoted a combination of focus and flexibility that in retrospect has served the department well.
Malcolm Forsyth’s Double Concerto: Forging a New Simplicity
Authors: Rival Robert
Published: April 2023

In 2004, Canadian composer Malcolm Forsyth (1936–2011) stated publicly that the simplest compositions, if genuine, often achieved the greatest profundity. He described the Adagio from his Double Concerto for Viola and Cello (2004) as “the greatest departure, for me, to this realm of a very, very simple and harmonious music.” This article explores Forsyth’s conception of simplicity by placing a close harmonic, motivic, and structural analysis in several contexts: the work’s history of revisions, what Mozart, Schubert, and Brahms reveal about musical simplicity, the debate on profundity in music, the discourse on “late style,” and personal anecdotes.
ÉTUDE EXPLORATOIRE DES ÉVÉNEMENTS DE VIE ET EXPÉRIENCES TRAUMATIQUES DANS LA TRAJECTOIRE DE VIE DES FEMMES CRIMINELLES
Authors: Perrot Marion , Léveillée Suzanne , Bioy Antoine , Castillo Marie-Carmen , Chahraoui Khadija
Published: April 2023

La présente étude exploratoire propose d’identifier les événements et les expériences traumatiques dans le parcours de vie de femmes criminelles et de mieux cerner leur lien avec l’émergence du passage à l’acte. 13 femmes incarcérées ont été interviewées et ont répondu au questionnaire EVE qui mesure l’impact subjectif des événements traumatiques. Les résultats montrent l’importance des expériences traumatiques vécues (en moyenne 10 événements traumatiques cités) avec toutefois une variabilité importante dans les réponses. Deux profils sont repérés : des femmes qui expriment spontanément leur vécu traumatique alors que d’autres n’expriment aucune ou peu d’expériences de ce type. L’entretien qualitatif permet de nuancer ces données. La discussion met l’accent sur l’importance du repérage des expériences traumatiques et des formes de dissociation qui peuvent être associées à ces vécus.
AUTO-EFFICACITÉ ÉMOTIONNELLE ET CONFLIT CONJUGAL CHEZ LES AMANTS1 CAMEROUNAIS : EFFET DU TYPE DE RELATION
Authors: Ngah Essomba Hélène Chantal
Published: April 2023

Cette recherche étudiait, d’une part l’effet du type de relation sur l’auto-efficacité émotionnelle et le conflit conjugal; et d’autre part, le lien entre l’auto-efficacité émotionnelle et le conflit conjugal. Elle concernait 121 amants camerounais, issus de trois types de relation amoureuse. Les données collectées avec l’échelle révisée des stratégies de conflits conjugaux et celle de l’auto-efficacité émotionnelle, montrent que le type de relation a un effet sur le conflit conjugal (Wilk’s ∆ = 0,841, F(2,118) = 2,058, p = 0,029) et que l’auto-efficacité émotionnelle est un prédicteur des comportements agressifs en couple (β = -0,313, t(115) = -3,535, p = 0,001). Cette recherche souligne la place des compétences émotionnelles sur l’origine des conflits dans une relation intime et la nécessité de tenir compte de l’auto-efficacité émotionnelle, lorsque l’on aborde la question des comportements agressifs dans un contexte intime.
LES INVENTAIRES DE PERSONNALITÉ MMPI/MMPI-2 ET LES DIAGNOSTICS CLINIQUES RÉTROSPECTIFS
Authors: Parisien Michel
Published: April 2023

Les résultats d’un MMPI/MMPI-2 n’ont toujours pu que décrire la condition clinique du répondant au moment de l’évaluation : il n’est pas permis d’en extrapoler d’emblée une interprétation rétrospective. Or, des expertises psychologiques recourent à l’utilisation de résultats au MMPI/MMPI-2 pour se prononcer de façon péremptoire sur la personnalité antérieure au moment de l’examen. Le présent article entend faire le point sur de telles pratiques abusives qui se font au détriment de ce sujet, en invoquant sans base solide, une origine émotionnelle plutôt qu’une origine somato-organique.
Adrienne Yabouza raconte : ce ne sont pas des murmures, c’est un éclat de voix de femme!
Authors: Rocca Anna
Published: April 2023

Dans le romanLa pluie lave le cield’Adrienne Yabouza, paru en 2019, une ironie féroce, souvent chargée de rage, surgit de la voix de la narratrice homodiégétique. C’est une voix de femme à l’éclat inépuisable qui convoque à son tribunal les dirigeants locaux, les nations voisines et aussi les anciennes et nouvelles puissances coloniales dont les États-Unis, la Russie et la Chine. Ce roman est une histoire de blessures et de violences commises sur le corps des femmes que la narratrice raconte en mêlant farce et tragédie pour ouvrir une réflexion sur l’anéantissement humain perpétré par les hommes.
Quand des féministes africaines remettent en question l’universalité de la domination masculine
Authors: Dayan-Herzbrun Sonia
Published: April 2023

L’afroféminisme se propose d’interroger le genre et les concepts qui lui sont associés à partir de leur expérience comme femmes africaines et d’une épistémologie africaine, en remplaçant l’universel abstrait par le principe de l’Ubuntu, selon les personnes ne sont humaines qu’à travers l’humanité des autres. La colonisation a imposé une conception binaire du monde et importé le genre dans différentes régions d’Afrique où la logique sociale était celle de la séniorité. Par l’établissement de la binarité, la colonisation a institué et légitimé la domination masculine. La décolonisation a laissé en place les structures mêmes du pouvoir. La colonialité du genre s’est maintenue et a même été intériorisée par beaucoup d’intellectuelles et d’intellectuels ainsi que de politiques africains. Les historiennes, anthropologues et juristes afroféministes mettent en lumière la flexibilité en matière de sexualité dans l’Afrique précoloniale, de même que la large présence de femmes dans des positions de pouvoir politique, économique, spirituel. Elles proposent de s’appuyer sur ce passé non pour y revenir, mais pour lutter contre les différentes formes d’oppression.
Des discours féministes en tension : le cas du programme Éthique et culture religieuse
Authors: Bertrand Chantal , Tremblay Stéphanie
Published: April 2023

Le volet « Culture religieuse » du programme Éthique et culture religieuse est l’objet de prises de position polarisées, entre autres parmi les groupes féministes. En s’appuyant sur le cadre théorique proposé par Caroline Jacquet ainsi que sur les logiques de justification puisées chez Luc Boltanski et Laure Thévenot, les autrices montrent que les représentations de la religion, oscillant principalement entre deux logiques, « domestique » et « inspirée », ont une incidence sur l’appréciation du matériel scolaire et les recommandations de groupes féministes qui en découlent quant à la place de la culture religieuse à l’école.
La comodalité en formation : apport du concept de satisfaction dans l’évaluation des designs capacitants
Authors: Perche Louise , Yennek Nora
Published: April 2023

Le contexte de la crise sanitaire a bouleversé le paysage des modalités pédagogiques. Dans cet article, nous proposons d’explorer l’hybridation de ces modalités et plus précisément la manière dont la comodalité peut être pensée comme un environnement capacitant pour l’apprentissage, via le prisme du concept de satisfaction. Après avoir défini la comodalité pédagogique et le concept de satisfaction en formation, cet article décrit une étude exploratoire menée sur un dispositif de comodalité distance/présence simultanée. Les résultats mettent en évidence que la modalité distance versus la modalité présence dans le dispositif comodal n’a pas eu d’impact sur la perception de la satisfaction multimodale. Cependant, des différences significatives sont observées sur les mesures de satisfaction technique et de qualité des interactions. Les implications sont discutées pour éclairer le design capacitant de ce type de dispositif de formation.
Politique d’une esthétique de la folie dans À la folie de Joy Sorman
Authors: Camus Solène , Eveno Jehanne , Hildebrandt Caroline
Published: April 2023

Parti du constat de l’hybridité générique du projet littéraire de Joy Sorman dansÀ la Folie, cet article se propose de définir les étapes de la poétique de l’autrice qui prend sa source dans la multiplicité des textes théoriques ayant trait à la folie. L’autrice s’appuie sur les travaux de Foucault, Deleuze et Goffman, dans l’optique d’une saisie totale de l’expérience de la folie. L’article en arrive à analyser le syncrétisme du roman comme projet politique : la forme hybride redevient un tremplin vers une pensée politique qui tend vers une égalité des discours sans en atténuer la conflictualité.
Waiting out the War on the Shore of Lake Superior
Authors: O’Hagan Michael
Published: April 2023

More than 2,000 combatant POWs, EMS, and Civilian Internees were interned at Camp 100 in Neys Ontario during the Second World War. Camp 100 evolved as the war progressed and as the Department of National Defence adapted its internment operations. The camp was established to simply hold POWs until the end of the war, but over the years, continued to improve its facilities and, eventually, provided prisoners with an array of recreational and educational opportunities to both keep themselves occupied and help prepare themselves for post-war life. The camp was one of the few to hold combatant POWs, EMS, civilian internees, and Japanese-Canadian internees. It therefore provides an excellent case study for Canada’s attempt to treat POWs humanely. The camp’s final wartime stage as a “Black” camp reveals how Canada attempted to solve the problem of what to do with its thousands of pro-Nazi POWs. Although re-education measures were met with varied success, they were the beginnings of converting former enemies into future allies.
Livshistorier i omsorgsarbeid
Authors: Hellstrand Ingvil , Simonhjell Nora , Gripsrud Birgitta Haga , Finnesand Michaelsen Ragnhild Margrete , Ramvi Ellen , Leiknes Ingrid
Published: April 2023

Nyere helse- og omsorgspolitiske dokumenter løfter fram livshistorier som en viktig kilde til kunnskap i eldreomsorgen, og et relevant verktøy for profesjonelt omsorgsarbeid på sykehjemmet. Men hvilke utfordringer og muligheter ligger i livshistorier som omsorgsverktøy i praksis? Denne artikkelen er basert på et tverrfaglig samarbeidsprosjekt mellom forskere innenfor praksisfeltet, sykepleierstudenter, samfunnsvitere, helsevitere og humanister. Vår hensikt er å få ny kunnskap om utbredelse av livshistorier som omsorgsverktøy på sykehjem, og hva som karakteriserer slike verktøy. Ved hjelp av en kartleggingsstudie om livshistorier som et verktøy for dokumentasjon og kommunikasjon ved sykehjem i en region på Vestlandet, fant vi stor variasjon i utforming av skjemaene som brukes til å dokumentere pasientenes livshistorie. Gjennom en komparativ nærlesning av skjemaenes stilistiske utforminger og kommunikasjonsformer, drøfter vi implikasjonene av det vi ser som en utfordrende sammenblanding av instrumentelle og relasjonelle hensikter ved bruk av livshistorier i profesjonell omsorg.
Effects of different soil types on gas exhange parameters and fruits of Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. mongolica “Ulanshalin” plants
Authors: Bu Fanjing , Guo Yuefeng , Qi Wei
Published: April 2023

Background

This study aims to explore the growth and production potential of Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. mongolica “Ulanshalin,” a pioneer species of soil and water conservation, after being planted in the Yellow River Basin area with serious soil erosion. An analysis of the differences in photosynthesis and fruit yield of H. rhamnoides plants grown in two typical soils in the watershed is key to understanding whether local conditions are suitable for the growth and yield of H. rhamnoides, as well as the impact of the plants on soil and water conservation.

Methods

During the growing season, diurnal changes in the gas exchange parameters of Hippophae rhamnoides-like plants growing in Loess soil and Aeolian soil were continuously monitored, and the effects of total nitrogen (TN) and other elements on the net photosynthetic rate (PN) of the plants were analyzed and compared in the two different soil types. The morphological and quality differences of Hippophae rhamnoides fruits were also compared after reaching the ripening stage.

Results

(1) There was a significant difference in the composition of Loess soil and of Aeolian soil. The organic matter content and AK content of the Loess soil was significantly higher than in the Aeolian soil, and the pH was closer to neutral. However, the TK content, TP content, and AP content of the Aeolian soil were slightly higher than in the Loess soil, the pH was higher, and it was alkaline. (2) After controlling the light and temperature, with all other external factors consistent, the daily variation trend of PN, Tr, and Gs in the leaves of H. rhamnoides plants growing in the two different soils were basically the same. There were differences, however, in when these factors reached their peaks. Soil composition had an impact on the photosynthetic characteristics of H. rhamnoides, with TN, TP, AP, and SOM being the main factors promoting the photosynthetic rate of H. rhamnoides PN. The peaks of PN, Tr, and Gs of H. rhamnoides plants growing in Aeolian soil were higher than those growing in Loess soil. (3) The average stem length of H. rhamnoides plants growing in Aeolian soil was higher than the plants growing in Loess soil. The number of thorns in the branches of plants in the Aeolian soil was relatively low, and the weight of 100 fruits (28.28 g) was significantly higher than the weight of 100 fruits of the H. rhamnoides plants grown in Loess soil (11.14 g).

Conclusions

The results of this study show that in the Yellow River Basin area, Aeolian soil is more conducive to the growth of H. rhamnoides plants than Loess soil. H. rhamnoides plants growing in Aeolian soil had good adaptability and stress resistance, and a larger potential for fruit production. These findings provide insights for ecological restoration and the creation of economic value in the Yellow River Basin area.
Bacterial coinfection and antibiotic resistance in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Che Yusof Ruhana , Norhayati Mohd Noor , Mohd Azman Yacob
Published: April 2023

Background

There were a few studies on bacterial coinfection in hospitalized COVID-19 patients worldwide. This systematic review aimed to provide the pooled prevalence of bacterial coinfection from published studies from 2020 to 2022.

Methods

Three databases were used to search the studies, and 49 studies from 2,451 identified studies involving 212,605 COVID-19 patients were included in this review.

Results

The random-effects inverse-variance model determined that the pooled prevalence of bacterial coinfection in hospitalized COVID-19 patients was 26.84% (95% CI [23.85–29.83]). The pooled prevalence of isolated bacteria for Acinetobacter baumannii was 23.25% (95% CI [19.27–27.24]), Escherichia coli was 10.51% (95% CI [8.90–12.12]), Klebsiella pneumoniae was 15.24% (95% CI [7.84–22.64]), Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 11.09% (95% CI [8.92–13.27]) and Staphylococcus aureus (11.59% (95% CI [9.71–13.46])). Meanwhile, the pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria for extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producing Enterobacteriaceae was 15.24% (95% CI [7.84–22.64]) followed by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (14.55% (95% CI [9.59–19.52%])), carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.95% (95% CI [2.61–11.29])), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (5.05% (95% CI [3.49–6.60])), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (4.95% (95% CI [3.10–6.79])), and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (1.26% (95% CI [0.46–2.05])).

Conclusion

All the prevalences were considered as low. However, effective management and prevention of the infection should be considered since these coinfections have a bad impact on the morbidity and mortality of patients.
Design of Bit Width Converter Based on PCIE4.0
Authors: Liu Linjun , Nie Hai , Ling Weiwei
Published: April 2023

Aiming at the data bit width conversion module used in PCIE4.0 physical coding layer, this paper designs a backwards compatibility-capable implementation method, which combines the version below backwards compatibility 4.0. According to the data bit width selection signal BusWidth of MAC layer in PCIE protocol, the current running speed of PCIE is selected. So as to select the form of bit width conversion. The designed PCIE internal strobe signal is 32 bits wide, and the correctness of its coding operation mode is verified by using the description language of Verilog hardware and the joint simulation form of Verdi and VCS.
Assessing the Entomological Parameters of Malaria Vectors in Anambra State, Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Ogbuefi Emmanuel Okwudili , Aribodor Dennis Nnanna
Published: April 2023

Adequate knowledge of entomological parameters within a defined geographic endemic area is basic for effective planning of malaria vector control for malaria elimination. The study investigated sibling species of malaria vectors, indoor resting density (IRD), human biting rate (HBR), blood meal source (BMS), human blood index (HBI), sporozoite rate (SR) and entomological inoculation rate (EIR) of malaria vectors in Awka North, Awka South and Njikoka Local Government Areas in Anambra State, southeast Nigeria. Pyrethrum spray collection (PSC), Centre for Disease Control (CDC) light trap, and human landing catch (HLC) techniques were the methods used for collection of indoor and outdoor malaria vectors. Mosquitoes collected were sorted according to species and sex; and identified using standard morphological and molecular techniques. Chi-square test was used for data analysis. A total of 2,870 Anopheles mosquitoes were collected, male 1949 (67.9%) and female 921 (32.1%). All female species identified morphologically belong to the Anopheles gambiae s. l. complex. From the molecular and siblings species separation, Anopheles gambiae recorded the highest abundance of 54.2% and Anopheles coluzzii the least abundance of 45.8%. The IRD was found to be 1.40 per man per night with an average HBR of 5.05. The blood meal source showed that human blood source was the highest number with 46.2%, followed by goat blood source with 32.7%, and combination of human and goat blood was the least with 21.2%. The result also showed a HBI of 0.51 whereas the test for the presence of circumsporozoite protein (CSP) of Plasmodium falciparum shows that none of the malaria vectors was positive for sporozoite; thus, the EIR could not be determined and compared among the study population. The values of the entomological parameters and the allopatric breeding of the two sibling species of Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii reported in this study which is probably the second of such report in Nigeria has a huge implications for malaria vector control and malaria control in Anambra State, Southeast Nigeria.
Corm Yield and Economics of Gladiolus Cultivars Affected by Micronutrients Grown under Open Field Conditions in under Subtropics of Jammu
Authors: Harish B. K. , Pandey R. K. , Shah Ali Haidar , Laishram Nomita , Singh Arvinder , Dogra Sheetal
Published: April 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the 2019-20 at the Experimental Farm, Division of Vegetable Science & Floriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, to evaluate the effect of micronutrients on corm yield and economics of gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.) cv. ‘Nova Lux’. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications and nineteen treatments. The results revealed that the maximum number of corms per plant, corm weight per plant (118.31 g), diameter of corms (5.74 cm),Yield of corms per plot (1866.33 g), net income per hectare ( Rs 7,18,463.9/ha) and cost- benefit ratio (1:2.34) were obtained with the application of ZnSO4 at 0.2 % and FeSO4 at 0.2 %.  However, maximum cormels weight per plant (8.67 g), number of cormels per plant (22.85) and yield of cormels per plot (178.73 g) were recorded with the application of ZnSO4 @ 0.4% + FeSO4 @ 0.4%. Thus, foliar application of micronutrients i,e ZnSO4 at 0.2 % and FeSO4 at 0.2 % proved to be most effective in increasing the production and productivity of gladiolus.
Vertical Distribution of DTPA Extractable Micronutrients in Two Distinct Soils of Central India under Diverse Land-uses
Authors: Jain Priyanka , Rai Hitendra K. , Singh Vivek , Upadhyay A. K. , Sahu R. K. , Rawat Anay , Behera Sanjib , Singh R. B.
Published: April 2023

Crop productivity and health of human and animals are greatly influenced by availability of micronutrients in the soil. Understanding the nature and extent of deficiency problems of these nutrients is useful in improving the fertilizer recommendations by inclusion of micronutrients in the fertilization schedule. This investigation carried out to evaluate the vertical variability in status of DTPA extractable micronutrients in two contrast soil types (medium black and alluvial soils) under different land uses. Soil sample were collected in triplicate from six distinct land use practices (forest, uncultivated, soybean-wheat, rice-wheat, soybean-chickpea and maize-wheat system) from Jabalpur (medium black soil) and Gwalior (alluvial soil) region at four depths (0-15, 15-30, 30-45 and 45-60 cm) after harvest of rabi season crops during 2020-21. Statistical analysis of data was done using factorial RBD considering soil type (medium black soil and alluvial soil) as factor A and land use practices as factor B. It was found that contents of DTPA extractable micronutrients (zinc, copper, iron and manganese) were found maximum under forest land in both the soils at 0-15 cm depth and decreased with increase in soil depths. It was also noted that under different land use practices DTPA extractable Zn, Mn and Cu were higher in medium black soil as compared to alluvial soil, however available Fe found higher in alluvial soil across the soil depths. The results clearly indicated that Zn, Fe, Mn was significantly affected by different soil type except Cu are non significant.  Zn, Cu, Mn was significantly affected by different land use practices but Fe are non significant.