bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Local Triangular Kernel-Based Clustering (LTKC) for Case Indexing on Case-Based Reasoning
Authors: Riyadi Damar , Musdholifah Aina
Published: August 2018

This study aims to improve the performance of Case-Based Reasoning by utilizing cluster analysis which is used as an indexing method to speed up case retrieval in CBR. The clustering method uses Local Triangular Kernel-based Clustering (LTKC). The cosine coefficient method is used for finding the relevant cluster while similarity value is calculated using Manhattan distance, Euclidean distance, and Minkowski distance. Results of those methods will be compared to find which method gives the best result. This study uses three test data: malnutrition disease, heart disease, and thyroid disease. Test results showed that CBR with LTKC-indexing has better accuracy and processing time than CBR without indexing. The best accuracy on threshold 0.9 of malnutrition disease, obtained using the Euclidean distance which produces 100% accuracy and 0.0722 seconds average retrieval time. The best accuracy on threshold 0.9 of heart disease, obtained using the Minkowski distance which produces 95% accuracy and 0.1785 seconds average retrieval time. The best accuracy on threshold 0.9 of thyroid disease, obtained using the Minkowski distance which produces 92.52% accuracy and 0.3045 average retrieval time. The accuracy comparison of CBR with SOM-indexing, DBSCAN-indexing, and LTKC-indexing for malnutrition diseases and heart disease resulted that they have almost equal accuracy.
An Optimal Stock Market Portfolio Proportion Model Using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Wahyono Wahyono , Puspitasari Chasandra , Fauzi Muhammad Dzulfikar , Kasliono Kasliono , Mulyani Wahyu Sri , Kurnianggoro Laksono
Published: August 2018

To reduce the amount of loss due to investment risk, an investor or stockbroker usually forms an optimal stock portfolio. This technique is done to get the maximum return of investment on shares to be purchased. However, in forming a stock portfolio required a fairly complex calculations and certain skills. This work aims to provide an alternative solution in the problem of forming the optimal and efficient stock portfolio composition by designing a system that can help decision making of investors or stockbrokers in preparing stock portfolio in accordance with the policy and risk investment. In this work, determination of optimal stock portfolio composition is constructed by using Genetic Algorithm. The data used in this work are the 4 selected stocks listed on the LQ45 index in 2017. Meanwhile, the calculation of profit and loss rate utilizes a single index model theory. The efficiency of the algorithm has been examined against the population size and crossover and mutation probabilities. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can be used as one of solutions to select the optimal stock portfolio.
PREDICTION OF ANTI-PARKINSON POTENTIAL OF PHYTOCONSTITUENTS USING PREDICTION OF ACTIVITY SPECTRA OF SUBSTANCES SOFTWARE
Authors: Kumar Rajan , Kumar Rakesh , Anand Abhinav , Sharma Neha , Khurana Navneet
Published: August 2018

Objective: Neurodegenerative disorders are group of diseased conditions in which there is loss of neuron cells occur. The main objective of this study to find/search out the phytochemical with the help of prediction of activity spectra of substances (PASSs), those show maximum activity over the selected targets of the Parkinson’s disease (PD).Methods: PASSs is a valuable software which is used in this study, to predict the anti-Parkinson activity of different compounds. Canonical simplified molecular-input line-entry system is used for the prediction of anti-Parkinson activity which is obtained from PubChem website. The predicted activity also compared with marketed compound like levodopa.Results: From the study, it was found that resveratrol was the only compound which has the activity on all the selected targets. On the other hand, stemazole and celastrol were found to have the least active compounds as both have the activity only on a single target.Conclusion: In this research work, we tried to compile the information regarding the PASS predicted anti-Parkinson activity of some important phytoconstituents. We found that resveratrol can be a target for further investigation in the development of drug therapy for PD.
PRESERVATION OF MICROBIAL SPOILAGE OF FOOD BY BIOSURFACTANT-BASED COATING
Authors: Sharma Vikrant , Garg Muskaan , Talukdar Devismita , Thakur Pallavi , Henkel Marius , Sharma Deepansh , Kumar Gaurav
Published: August 2018

Objectives: Microbial spoilage of food is one of the leading causes of food scarcity worldwide, which could have devastating effect on the socioeconomic of any country. Along with classical food preservation methods, various innovative approaches can significantly increase the food safety. Biosurfactants are the amphiphilic microbial metabolites, while many of them have potential antimicrobial properties and therefore can be used for food preservation. Methods: During this study, three biosurfactants obtained from Bacillus subtilis (two of them) and Pseudomonas sp. (rhamnolipid) were screened for their antifungal activity against Aspergillus oryzae (MTCC 1846), Fusarium solani (MTCC 350), and Curvularia sp. by various in vitro and in vivo methods. Results: During this study, among three surfactants only Pseudomonas sp. biosurfactant (rhamnolipid) exhibited significant antifungal activity against A. oryzae, F. solani, and Curvularia sp. Further, the rhamnolipid coating (1 mg/ml) on lemon, potato and tomato protected them from fungal spoilage up to 15 days at room temperature in contrast to untreated samples which started spoiling in 6–7 days. Discussion: Above findings emphasis on the potential use of biosurfactants for the preservation of food items, however, a detailed study to ensure the safety of biosurfactant is of prerequisite.
SELF-MEDICATION WITH ANTI-MALARIAL MEDICINES AMONG HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN DAR ES SALAAM, TANZANIA
Authors: Marealle Alphonce Ignace , Kirutu Paul
Published: August 2018

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of self-medication with anti-malarial medicines among high school students in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and to assess their knowledge on malaria and the dangers of self-medication.Methods: A pre-tested questionnaire was used in data collection. Data obtained include demographic characteristics, use of anti-malarial medicines without prescription in the past six months, knowledge on malaria, knowledge on the dangers of self-medication, type of anti-malarial used for self-medication, the source of medicine and reasons for self-medication. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Descriptive analysis was undertaken and the chi-square test was used to test significant differences in proportions between the different variables. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: A total of 400 students were enrolled in the study. The frequency of anti-malarial self-medication by high school students in Dar es Salaam was 18.5%. The overall students’ level of knowledge on malaria and on the dangers of self-medication was low (73.0%). Artemether/lumefantrine and malafin® tablets were the most frequently used medicines for self-medication with a prevalence of 45.9% and 38.5% respectively. Past experience in treating similar disease, lack of money and easy access to anti-malarial medicine emerged as the main factors influencing their self-medication practice.Conclusion: The prevalence of self-medication with anti-malarial medicines by high school students is relatively high given the low prevalence of malaria in Dar es Salaam. The students demonstrated a low knowledge on malaria and on the dangers of self-medication.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND TOTAL POLYPHENOLICS CONTENT OF ESSENTIAL OIL, METHANOL EXTRACT AND METHANOL FRACTIONS FROM COMMELINA NUDIFLORA
Authors: Shah Muhammad Dawood , Iqbal Mohammad
Published: August 2018

Objective: In the present study, the essential oil, methanol extract, and methanol fractions (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol) obtained from Commelina nudiflora were investigated for the free radical scavenging effects and phytochemical analysis.Methods: The antioxidative effect of the essential oil, methanol extracts and methanol fractions were evaluated using 2, 2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Total phenolic and ﬂavonoid contents were determined using Folin-Ciocalteau and aluminium chloride reagents respectively. The phytochemical analyses of the essential oil, methanol extracts and methanol fractions were performed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GCMS). Results: The antioxidant, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of butanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions were higher followed by methanol extract, hexane fraction and essential oil. Phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of alkaloid, saponin, steroid, phytosterols, triterpenoids and tannins etc. The identified bioactive constituents of essential oil, methanol extract and methanol fractions of C. nudiflora were indole, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, 2-pentadecanone, 6,10,14-trimethyl, phenol, benzyl alcohol, eugenol, phenol, 2, 4-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl), hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester (palmitic acid ester), n-hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid), 9, 12-octadecadienoic acid, (linoleic acid) and phytol. All identified bioactive compounds and their derivatives were generally reported with antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties.Conclusion: The obtained data suggest that the essential oil, methanol extract and methanol fractions of C. nudiflora possess remarkable antioxidant activities and vital phytochemicals. Thus the plant can be a utilized as a potential source of nutraceutical with antioxidant activity.
ANTI-MRSA OF THE ETHYL ACETATE CRUDE EXTRACT FROM LASIODIPLODIA PSEUDOTHEOBROMAE IBRL OS-64, AN ENDOPHYTIC FUNGUS ISOLATED FROM LEAF OF OCIMUM SANCTUM LINN
Authors: M. J. Taufiq M. , I. Darah
Published: August 2018

Objective: To investigate the effects of ethyl acetate crude extract of an endophytic fungus, L. pseudotheobromae IBRL OS-64 which was isolated from leaf of Ocimum sanctum against the growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)., a common pathogenic bacteria to human.Methods: Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined. Time-kill assay was used to examine the effect of the extract on the MRSA growth profile. The effects of the extract on the ultrastructure of MRSA cells were analyzed by scanning electron microscopic (SEM) study.Results: The results obtained from this study showed the fungal ethyl acetate crude extract exhibited a strong bactericidal effect on MRSA where the ratio of MBC/MIC was 2 and less than 4. The MIC and MBC values were 125.0 and 250.0 µg/ml, respectively. The time-kill study revealed that the bacteriocidal activity of the extract was both concentration and time-dependent. After 12 h treatment, the interaction of extract with MRSA cells resulted in the formation of dents, cavity or small dimples on the cell surface, indicating disintegration of the cell wall and cell membrane that resulting in leakage of their cytoplasmic contents, and ultimately cell death.Conclusion: The ethyl acetate crude extract of L. pseudotheobromae IBRL OS-64 showed a significant anti-MRSA activity and principally affected the cell wall and the cell membrane of the growing MRSA cells. This is the first report on L. pseudotheobromae, an endophytic fungus isolated from medicinal herb, Ocimum sanctum Linn.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND MULTIPLE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES AVAILABLE WITH 1, 8-NAPHTHYRIDINE DERIVATIVES: A REVIEW
Authors: Gurjar Vinod Kumar , Pal Dilipkumar
Published: August 2018

The 1,8-naphthyridine derivatives have gained special attention from researchers nowadays on account of their demonstrating a variety of interesting biological activities. A wide range of biological activities establishes them as potent scaffolds in therapeutic and medicinal research. The broad spectrum of activities primarily includes antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antihypertensive and analgesic activities. 1,8-Naphthyridine derivatives have also exhibited potential applications in neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease and depression. In addition, these synthetic derivatives have been found to possess activities such as anti-HIV, anti-osteoporotic, αvβ3 antagonism, anti-allergic, antimalarial, gastric antisecretory, anticonvulsant, platelet aggregation inhibition, anti-oxidant, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) inhibition, protein kinase inhibition, ionotropic properties, β3 antagonism, phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE 4) inhibition, adenosine receptor agonist, adrenoceptors antagonism and DNA stabilizing properties. In this review, we present an update of different 1,8-naphthyridine derivatives and discuss the key data available in the context of various biological activities of 1,8-naphthyridine derivatives available from the literature. This may direct future researches in the synthesis of new derivatives of it and exploring this scaffold for modification of existing biological actions as well as evaluation of other possible pharmacological activities.
FORMULATION AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF SALBUTAMOL SULPHATE AND THEOPHYLLINE EXTENDED-RELEASE TABLETS USING MODIFIED POLYMERS
Authors: Goyal Naveen , Kumar Anil
Published: August 2018

Objective: The main objective of this research work was to design, prepare and evaluate extended release (ER) tablets of anti-asthmatic drugs (salbutamol sulphate and theophylline) by direct compression method using diverse ratios of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC K100M) and ethyl cellulose (EC) along with some other excipients.Methods: Extended-release matrix tablets of salbutamol sulphate and theophylline were successfully fabricated by direct compression method and coded the formulations as F1 to F7 depending on the ratios of modified polymers. The core tablets composed of hydrophilic polymers of various ratios that allow the discharge of drugs at a controlled rate after coming in contact with the aqueous medium. The designed tablets were subjected to various assessment parameters i.e. friability test, hardness test, drug content consistency and In vitro dissolution tests.Results: Prepared formulations were subjected to various assessment parameters and the findings obtained were within the prescribed limit. To perform the in vitro drug dissolution tests of fabricated tablets, the calibration plots of pure drugs using various solvents i.e. 0.1N HCl, phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) and distilled water were plotted. Dosage forms F1-F7 containing ethyl cellulose and HPMC K100M in various concentration demonstrates the prolonged medications discharge for up to 8 h, among these formulations, F6 shows 95.32±0.24 % for salbutamol sulphate and 94.19±0.39 % for theophylline release at the end of 8 h. This finding reveals that a particular window of concentrations of ethylcellulose and HPMC K100M was capable of providing prolonged drugs discharge.Conclusion: The results obtained in this research work clearly showed a promising potential of extended-release tablets containing a specific ratio of HPMC K100M and ethylcellulose as a release rate controlling polymers for effective treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD).
Managing Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy with Pharmacological and Nonpharmacological Treatments
Authors: Nguyen Patricia , Einarson Adrienne
Published: August 2018

Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) affects approximately 80% of pregnant women; however, this condition is not always addressed, let alone treated appropriately. NVP can be physically debilitating and can also interfere with the socioeconomic aspects of a woman's life. Some women and healthcare providers are unaware of the various NVP treatments and means of management. Lack of treatment may result from misinformation or misperception regarding NVP treatments and its safety during pregnancy. However, several studies have shown that there are effective pharmacological options that do not cause adverse effects in the mother or her unborn baby. The potential consequences of untreated NVP include substantial maternal weight loss, dehydration, hospitalization, low birthweight and depression. The following review provides a detailed description of NVP and how it can adversely affect a woman's life, as well as evidence-based information on treatment strategies.
Women's Health: A New Global Agenda
Authors: Norton Robyn
Published: August 2018

Robyn Norton is co-founder and Principal Director of The George Institute for Global Health (Australia), a not-for-profit medical research institute that aims to increase the provision of safe, effective and affordable healthcare, especially for disadvantaged populations worldwide. She is Professor of Global Health and James Martin Fellow at the University of Oxford (UK), Professor of Public Health at the University of Sydney (Australia) and Honorary Professor at Peking University (China). Professor Norton is internationally regarded for her research on the causes, prevention and management of injuries and the management of various critical conditions in surgical and intensive care settings. She has had a long-standing commitment to improving women's health, particularly in resource-poor environments.
Probability of Fallopian Tube and Ovarian Detection with Transvaginal Ultrasonography in Normal Women
Authors: Lefringhouse Jason R , Neward Erin , Ueland Frederick R , Baldwin Lauren A , Miller Rachel W , DeSimone Christopher P , Kryscio Richard J , van Nagell John R , Pavlik Edward J
Published: August 2018

Objective: Some ovarian malignancies may originate in the fallopian tube. The feasibility of ultrasonographically visualizing the fallopian tube is presented. Methods: In total, 549 normal women participated in the fallopian tube visualization trial, while ovarian visualization was studied in 43,521. Chi-square analysis, t-tests and multivariate analysis determined significance and interactions. Results: Ovaries were observed in 82.7% while fallopian tubes were detected in 77.2% of women and 85.2% of the time when an ovary was detected. Age, BMI or parity was not significantly different when one or both fallopian tubes were visualized. Elevated BMI had slightly greater influence than age in limiting visualization of the fallopian tubes in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Fallopian tubes can often be identified sonographically. Ovarian visualization provides the strongest indicator favoring fallopian tube detection. Thus, ultrasonographic examinations for adnexal cancer could include evaluation of fallopian tubes even in women >60 years and in women with BMI ≥25.
Outcomes of Implementing the Women's Health Assessment Tool and Clinical Decision Support Tool Kit
Authors: Silvestrin Terry , Steenrod Anna , Coyne Karin , Gross David , Esinduy Canan , Kodsi Angela , Slifka Gayle , Abraham Lucy , Araiza Anna , Bushmakin Andrew , Luo Xuemei
Published: August 2018

Aim: To evaluate outcomes after implementing the women's health assessment tool (WHAT) and clinical decision support toolkit during annual well-women visits. Methods: An observational project involved women aged 45–64 years attending one of three medical sites in Washington (WA, USA). Responses to the WHAT questionnaire and patients' health resource utilization prepost toolkit implementation were analyzed. Results: A total of 110 women completed the WHAT questionnaire. Majority of women were postmenopausal (77.3%) and experienced depressive mood (63.6%), hot flashes (61.8%) or anxiety (60.9%) in the last 3 months. There was a 72.2% increase in the number of diagnoses made during the annual visit versus the previous 12 months. Conclusion: The WHAT/clinical decision support toolkit helped identify conditions relevant to mid-life women.
Fosfobacterias promueven la emergencia y el crecimiento de agaves silvestres
Authors: Sánchez Mendoza Saúl , Bautista-Cruz Angélica , Martínez-Gallegos Verónica
Published: August 2018

Las fosfobacterias (BSF) solubilizan fosfatos inorgánicos para favorecer el desarrollo vegetal. Los agaves silvestres son sobreexplotados debido a la producción intensiva de mezcal, lo que disminuye sus poblaciones naturales. Bajo un diseño completamente al azar se evaluó el efecto de cuatro bioinoculantes: BSF1 (Enterobacter sp. + Pseudomonas sp.); BSF2 (Bacillus sp. + Pseudomonas sp.); BSF3 (Acinetobacter sp.+ Pseudomonas sp.); BSF4 (Pseudomonas putida) y un control (agua destilada) sobre la emergencia y crecimiento inicial de cuatro especies de agave silvestre: tobalá (Agave potatorum Zucc.), cuishe (Agave spp.), sierrudo (Agave spp.) y coyote (Agave spp.). Se contabilizó el número de plantas emergidas, índice de velocidad de emergencia, longitud de hoja, longitud de raíz, diámetro de tallo y peso seco de hoja, tallo y raíz. BSF2 incrementó el porcentaje y la velocidad de emergencia en sierrudo y tobalá. Los coinóculos promovieron el crecimiento en todas las especies evaluadas, pero BSF1 fue el que mostró los mejores resultados.
MENDETEKSI KECURANGAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN MENGGUNAKAN BENEISH RATIO INDEX PADA PABRIK CAMBRIC YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Iswanaji Chaidir
Published: August 2018

Laporan keuangan palsu sekarang ditempatkan di bawah pengawasan publik yang lebih besar menyusul bertambahnya perusahaan yang kolaps karena kecurangan manajemen dengan kerugian rata-rata sebesar 5% dari pendapatan (ACFE, 2014). Usaha kecil dan menengah juga terancam oleh kegiatan penipuan dan statistik menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan dengan karyawan kurang dari 100 orang mengalami lebih banyak kasus penipuan daripada perusahaan yang lebih besar (ACFE, 2008). Sebagian besar perusahaan industri tekstil di Indonesia berskala kecil dan menengah menanggung beban yang lebih besar dan menghadapi risiko kecurangan keuangan yang lebih tinggi. Tindakan mencegah kecurangan sangat penting, namun dengan sumber daya yang terbatas tentu tidak bisa mendeteksi secara efektif. Penelitian ini menilai kemungkinan adanya laporan keuangan palsu di perusahaan tekstil di Yogyakarta menggunakan tiga analisis statistik yaitu model Beneish, Altman Z-Score dan Financial Ratio. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada zona berisiko yang perlu diselidiki lebih lanjut oleh pihak manajemen. Disarankan agar perusahaan membuat unit audit internal untuk memberikan kepastian atas operasi perusahaan, ketepatan pelaporan keuangan dan kepatuhan terhadap peraturan.
KOMPETENSI, INDEPENDENSI, DAN MOTIVASI SEBAGAI DETERMINAN KINERJA AUDITOR INTERNAL PEMERINTAH
Authors: Agustina Lisa , Sulardi Sulardi
Published: August 2018

This research proposes to test and find empirical evidence about the influence of competence, independence, and the motivation of internal government auditor performance. These samples are internal auditor with Functional Auditor (JFA) position and Control Officers (P2UPD) in Inspectorate Klaten Regency. This research used quantitative approach to entire population which is 40 internal auditors. Sampling technique on this research using census with multiple regression analysis method. The result of this research proves that the competence influence both positive and significant to auditors’ performance, independence influence both positive and significant to auditors’ performance, and motivation influence both positive and significant to auditors’ performance. Therefore, local government should provide training in case for increasing competence, encourage auditor’s performance by increasing independence, and strengthen motivation so that the internal auditor can take the role and the function as well as possible so the achievement of local government objectives can be implemented accountably.Keywords: competence, independence, motivation, auditors’ performance
A identidade judaica e suas fronteiras no relato de Hecateu de Abdera
Authors: Ruppenthal Neto Willibaldo , Frighetto Renan
Published: August 2018

O presente artigo visa apresentar o relato de Hecateu de Abdera a respeito dos judeus, preservado em uma citação de Diodoro Sículo (Bibliotheca Historica, 40.3) e conservado por Fócio (Bibliotheca, 244), enfatizando a identidade judaica e suas fronteiras apresentadas neste, evidenciando não somente a caracterização grega dos judeus como ainda as transformações dentro da própria identidade judaica durante o período helenístico. Mediante a tradução e análise do referido relato, podem-se perceber elementos da cultura judaica que foram ressaltados por parte do autor grego que não eram tão presentes na autoconcepção judaica (a exemplo da educação militarizada), enquanto outros elementos como o sábado, a circuncisão e a monarquia, tão valorizados como marca identitária pelos próprios judeus, se encontram ausentes no relato.
O estranho caso do Ensino Religioso: contradições legais e questões epistemológicas
Authors: Beise Ulrich Claudete , Gonçalves José Mario
Published: August 2018

Religious Education remains a fi eld of heated debate. The controversy over the relevance of its offer in public schools, as well as its nature and purpose are refl ected in legislation, whose gaps leave room for ambiguous and contradictory interpretations. The absence of clarity also reveals itself in the confusion about its epistemological identity, which is also a matter of dispute. In this article, we address both the legal and the epistemic issues, seeking to refl ect on the current status of these debates.
The study of bone marrow in guinea fowls of the volga white breed
Authors: Kulikov E V , Sotnikova E D , Vatnikov Y A , Seleznev S B
Published: August 2018

In this work the study of the structure and features of development in the ontogeny of the bone marrow of Guinea fowls of the Volga white breed. Bone marrow is located in the cells of the spongy substance, and with age, its absolute mass increases, and the relative mass is reduced. In the period from 1 to 60 days age was observed the highest content of bone marrow in the skeleton of a Guinea fowl. In males the number of bone marrow more than females, in average by 1.5-2%. The bulk of the marrow from the Guinea fowls at the age from 1 to 90 days are in the peripheral skeleton, more than 55% in the pelvic limbs. The axial skeleton of the Guinea fowl at this age contains about one third of all bone marrow and much of it is concentrated in the spinal column. With age, the saturation of the axial skeleton bone marrow sharply increases and reaches to 48.1% of the total content in the skeleton of a Guinea fowl. The peak saturation of the skeleton by bone marrow observed in the first two months of life Guinea fowls. Then this figure was relatively stable until the age of 90 days varies slightly. With 180 day age, there is a sharp drop of saturation of the skeleton of a Guinea fowl bone marrow. At one year of age, the figure is only 57-59% of the saturation of the skeleton by bone marrow at the age of 90 days. With age, red marrow is replaced by yellow bone marrow. Microscopy of smears of bone marrow of individual fat cells found in red bone marrow in the daily age. At the age of 60 days there is a replacement of red bone marrow yellow 20-28%, and in 90 days in 40%. At the age of 365 days, almost the entire bone marrow is represented by yellow.
Soil-ecological characteristic of the Forest experimental station of Russian State Agrarian University of Moscow Agricultural Academy by K.A. Timiryazev under plantings in the conditions of various anthropogenous loading
Authors: Dovletyarova E A , Mosina L V , Petrovskaya P A
Published: August 2018

The heavy metals circulating in the biosphere have a huge negative impact on ecosystem components. At the same time however, the real danger from the environmental pollution by the heavy metals (HM) is constituted not by gross volume of metals, but by their mobile forms as the last practically define the accumulation of elements in biomass and influence the biological activity of soils. Meanwhile, the level study of this question is very weak. The influence of soil consolidation on HM mobility is almost not unknown. In this regard at wood sites with unequal anthropogenic loading we have conducted researches which have demonstrated the dependence of toxic heavy metals forms, diverse by durability of communication, on the consolidation of soil. In many respects the density of soil profile defines the formation of the soil modes - water-air, temperature, oxidation-reduction, biochemical, and often makes decisive impact on demonstration of the soil main ecological functions, conditions of growth, development and efficiency of plants, microorganisms activity and soil fauna.
Structural changes in rats organism in experimental intoxication with herbicide 2,4-DA
Authors: Shakirova S M , Shakirova G R
Published: August 2018

In subacute toxicity herbicide 2,4-DA LD50, in the macroscopic examination of organs in rats set changes inherent poisoning by toxic substances. Heart muscle and kidneys flabby, uneven coloring. Lung red-pink color with areas of acute atelectasis. By light and electron microscopy, we found that the herbicide 2,4-DA has polytropic effect on experimental animals. In the myocardium revealed foci of necrosis where cardiomyocytes have fuzzy outlines and poor color. Structural changes are accompanied by an increase in the number of infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages. In the kidneys due to necrotic and degenerative changes in the tubules of nephrons organ's parenchyma becomes grayish color. In the walls of medium and small bronchi of lung localized massive lymphocytic infiltration. The interalveolar septum tissue greatly expanded due to the large number of white blood cells. In all investigated organs disorders found blood and lymph circulation.
Prevention of mixed respiratory infections in young cattle
Authors: Sisyagin P N , Redzhepova G R , Sisyagina E P , Leonteva I L
Published: August 2018

The possibility of use of phytomedicine in conjunction with hyperimmune serum of animal donors to enhance the preventive effectiveness at mixed respiratory infections in calves was studied. In a farm in Nizhny Novgorod region with unfavorable in terms of mixed respiratory infections of viral and bacterial etiology a high level of morbidity (80%) and mortality (26%) was revealed. Before use of medicines in clinically healthy calves aged 20-30 days mild immunodeficiency was found characterizing by decrease in relative T-cell content by 20.0%, functional activity of blood neutrophils in spontaneous and induced tests by 19.0%, lysozyme activity by 29.0% when compared with minimum value of the physiological norm for this age period. On the background of the immunological imbalance drastically decreases the effectiveness of traditional therapies. Use of Maxophyt in conjunction with hyperimmune serum of donor animals promoted statistically significant rise in initially reduced immunological parameters and intense specific immunity in clinically healthy calves: absolute and relative T- and B-cell content increased by 36.0%, 38.0% and 50.0%, 67.0% respectively, functional activity of blood neutrophils in spontaneous and induced tests by 18.0% and 32.0%, IgG and IgM levels by 46.0% and 53.0% respectively, lysozyme activity of blood serum by 60.0%. Subcutenous injection of hyperimmune serum of donor animals in conjunction with aerosol treatment with phytomedicine Maxophyt enhanced the preventive effectiveness at mixed respiratory infections of viral and bacterial etiology to 96.2% which was 21.2% higher when compared with the control and average daily body weight gain to 890.0 ± 22.8 g which was 26.0% higher when compared with the control. Combination of medicines provided the 100% safety of calves in experimental groups which was 8.3% higher when compared with the control. The course of disease in experimental calves was mild.
Expediente e Editorial
Authors: Silva Camilo Rosa
Published: August 2018

Dados sobre o periódico e editorial deste número.
A chatbotok jelensége, taxonómiája, felhasználási területei, erősségei és kihívásai
Authors: Szűts Zoltán , Yoo Jinil
Published: August 2018

A chatbotok a 2010-es évek elején jelentek meg tömegesen az üzleti intelligencia specifikus formájaként. A gyakran mesterséges intelligenciával bíró interaktív technológia utat talált az online csevegőprogramok világába, és ma már több csatornán találkozhatnak vele a felhasználók. A chatbotok nem csupán a virtuális asszisztensek részei. De számos szervezet és kormányzat is használja őket weboldalak, applikációk, illetve azonnali üzenetküldő platformok környezetében annak érdekében, hogy termékeiket, ötleteiket, szolgáltatásaikat vagy éppen az általuk fontosnak ítélt témákat promotálják. Tanulmányukban a szerzők vállalkoznak a chatbotok taxonomiájának, a fa struktúrájú és generatív modellek, nyílt és zár rendszerek bemutatására, röviden érintve a mesterséges és érzelmi intelligencia kérdését is. Ugyancsak a tanulmány tárgyát képezi annak prezentálása, hogy a technológia fejlődésével – ami alatt alapvetően a mesterséges intelligencia, a gépi tanulás és a natural language understanding magasabb szintre lépését értik – a chatbotok használata is pontosabb, sőt intuitívabb lesz. Néhány sikeresen alkalmazható terület mellett a szerzők végül a technológia kihívásaira és hátrányaira is felhívják a figyelmet.

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Taxonomy, use cases, strengths and challenges of chatbots

Chatbots appeared in critical mass in the beginning of the 2010’s as a specific form of business intelligence. Interactive technology, often combined with artificial intelligence, has since then found a way onto online chat services. Chatbots are now not only part of virtual assistants, but are also used by several organizations on websites, applications, and instant messaging platforms. Their purpose is to promote products, ideas, services and topics considered to be important. In their study, the authors undertake to demonstrate the taxonomy of chatbots, tree structured and generative models, open and closed systems, briefly touching on the issue of artificial and emotional intelligence as well. The study also aims to present how the use of chatbots will be more accurate and even more intuitive with the further development of technology. This technology could be artificial intelligence, machine learning or natural language understanding. In addition to some promising areas of use, the authors also draw attention to the challenges and disadvantages of technology.

Keywords: chatbots, artificial intelligence, crowdsourcing, e-government, Turing-test
Magánszféra kontextusban: technológia, szakpolitika és a szociális élet integritása
Authors: Benkő Lívia
Published: August 2018

Recenzió Helen Nissenbaum Privacy in context: technology, policy, and the integrity of social life (Stanford Law Books, 2009, 304 oldal, ISBN 9780804752374) című könyvéről.

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Privacy in context: technology, policy, and the integrity of social life

A book review on Helen Nissenbaum’s Privacy in context: technology, policy, and the integrity of social life (Stanford Law Books, Stanford, 2009, 304 pages, ISBN 9780804752374).
Globalization and Education
Authors: Khan Huma Imran
Published: August 2018

The concept of globalization has been introduced due to technical advancements that has made the world a global village. The world as is now has never been before; it is now a world where multicultural societies have developed, trade and transactions are made between countries, technology reaches every part of the world, and internet has connected every possible idea, opinion, person, and commodity with the rest of the world. In this world of globalization, education has taken a central role, as without education globalization cannot be germinated. Education is a national issue and as such, each country has its own educational policies that are emblems of that country's cultural values, belief system and historical realities. Nevertheless, the globalized world demands for multiculturalism, and commonalities amongst communities to be promoted so as to bring the world closer to accepting cultural diversities and celebrating commonalities. For these aims, educational institutions become institutions for promoting globalization by introducing various cultural and traditional beliefs to the new generation. Recently, globalization has become a popular subject of debate in national and international circiles. Globalization links individuals and institutions across the world through economic forces, digital technologies, and communication. It is moreover subjected to higher living standards, international affiliations, and multiple types of freedom. However, a major part of the world consists of under developed countries where technological advancements, communication, trade and commerce along with other economic activities are not enough to support them to be a part of the global society.
Problems Faced by Private Sector Primary School Teachers in the Application of Pedagogical Skills
Authors: Razzak Nadia , Akhtar Sana
Published: August 2018

As pedagogy is the science of teaching, it requires considerable creativity for a teacher to attain a firm grasp on it. Only an expert teacher can use different tools and methodologies to enhance learning abilities of his/ her students. For teachers, it becomes essential to utilize their full potentials and resources to keep teaching standards up to the mark. This study was designed to highlight problems faced by teachers in the application of creative teaching methodologies in their classrooms. Teachers teaching at primary level in different private schools of Karachi served as the research participants of the study. A total of fifty teachers were selected by using purposive sampling. For data collection, a structured questionnaire based on Likert Scale containing 32 items served as the instrument of the study. Findings revealed that almost all teachers use demonstration method with sparing use of technology.
Penerapan Knowledge Sharing Dalam Mendorong Prestasi Mahasiswa Manajemen Bisnis Maritim di Politeknik Perkapalan Negeri Surabaya
Authors: Putri Sintia Novilia , Wahyuningtyas Fitri , Sa'adah Novia Nur , D.S Nisma Mutiara , Radianto Denny Oktavina
Published: August 2018

Knowledge Management adalah serangkaian proses mengelola, menciptakan, dan berbagipengetahuan untuk mengoptimalkan pencapaian misi dan tujuan organisasi. Padatnya jam kuliah didalam kampus akan berpengaruh terhadap mahasiswa dengan kurangnya pengetahuan danpengalaman mereka akan pembelajaran di luar jam kuliah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untukdapat memperbaiki sistem pembelajaran yang terdapat di Manajemen Bisnis Maritim PoliteknikPerkapalan Negeri Surabaya. Metode yang penulis gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancaradan kuisioner. Teori yang penulis gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah mode SECI dengan cara“Tacit to Tacit (Socialization)” yaitu penulis melakukan wawancara dengan mahasiswa, setelah ituhasil dari wawancara tersebut akan disampaikan ke direksi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkanbahwa dengan adanya penerapan sharing knowledge manfaat yang didapatkan mahasiswa sangatlahbanyak, selain peningkatan prestasi dalam bidang akademik dan non akademik, para mahasiswajuga dapat sekaligus meningkatkan soft skill mereka dalam kegiatan bermasyarakat.
Analisis Pengaruh Budaya Kaizen Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Dengan Reward Sebagai Variabel Moderasi Dalam Rangka Penguatan Daya Saing Bisnis
Authors: Pamungkas Erix Irvan , Franksiska Rosaly
Published: August 2018

Every company has its own organizational culture, in which the organizational culture will affect the employee performance and also company performance. Kaizen culture originated from Japan is a culture of continuous improvement with low cost and the impact can be felt in the future. If the Kaizen culture combined with reward will also be able to improve the employee performance. The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of Kaizen culture to employee performance with reward as a moderating variable. This a quantitative exploratory research using Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The data collection method is using questionnaire, with sample of 93 respondents of warehouse department of PT SM Karangjati, Semarang. The result of this study indicated that Kaizen culture influence employee performance and reward can moderate or strengthen the impact of Kaizen culture on employee performance.
The Role of School Counsellor to Handling Student Sexual Harassment Behavior in the School
Authors: Apriliana I Putu Agus
Published: August 2018

Sexual harassment behavior by students is an international phenomenon. So that, this article presents and describes the role of school counsellor in handling the phenomenon of student’s sexual harassment behavior in the school environment. This article is expected to provide knowledge and insight to school counsellor to help student’s (client) achieve optimum overall development, especially the result of sexual harassment acts. Sexual harassment behavior can cause (victims) to experience physical and psychological disorders. This pattern of behavior is in the form of verbal, non-verbal and physical. The school counsellor strategy for dealing with this behavior namely collecting information, providing treatment in the form of counseling sevices for victims and choaching for the perpetrators, and conducting evaluation and follow-up. Furthermore, school counsellor strategy to prevent this behavior namely through basic services and create a good relationship with students. Through this article, it is hoped that the understanding of school counsellor on the student’s sexual harassment behavior and the handling efforts can be increased, so it will be able to provide maximum service to the students to achieve optimum development.
Sharing and Jumping Based Didactical Design In Collaborative Learning on the topic of Covalent Bonding
Authors: Gustina Ermila , Hendayana Sumar , Supriatna Asep
Published: August 2018

The effectiveness of sharing and jumping based didactical design of  covalent bonding has been studied at chemistry senior high school.  Learning based sharing task is a learning that deals to cover content of text book. Sharing task facilitate jumping process for the low achiever students. The challenging problems are given in jumping tasks activity to challenge the high achiever students. The purpose of this study was to obtain the didactical design of covalent bondings and their implementation.The research method applied is Didactical  Design Research (DDR) with following stages: analysis of didactic situation before learning, metapedadidactical analysis, and retrospective analysis. Implementation of lesson design on the topic of covalent bonding were recorded and analyzed, from the analysis result obtained the collaboration between students and between students and teachers.
Representações sociais de estudantes do ensino médio sobre problemas ambientais
Authors: Do Carmo Tânia , Magalhães Júnior Carlos Alberto De Oliveira , Kiouranis Neide Maria Michellan , Triani Felipe Da Silva
Published: August 2018

A investigação refere-se às representações sociais de alunos do ensino médio sobre problemas ambientais de uma cidade do noroeste do Paraná e foi motivada pela importância da inserção, no ensino de ciências, das questões ambientais, bem como do seu reconhecimento para a tomada de atitudes. Os dados foram recolhidos por meio da técnica de evocação livre de palavras e analisados segundo a abordagem estruturalista da Teoria das Representações Sociais, em uma turma de primeiro e outra de terceiro ano do ensino médio. Conclui que, nas duas turmas investigadas, há indícios de representações sociais naturalistas dos problemas ambientais.
Ensino do algoritmo de multiplicação por intermédio do ábaco romano
Authors: Ibiapina Wilter Freitas
Published: August 2018

Este artigo descreve os resultados de um estudo cujo objetivo foi a aplicação de uma alternativa didática com base no uso do ábaco romano para o ensino de multiplicação, desenvolvido com alunos do 2º ano do ensino fundamental. Foi utilizada como abordagem metodológica a pesquisa qualitativa, visto que o objeto analisado se ajusta aos objetivos dessa modalidade de pesquisa. Quanto aos procedimentos, a investigação pode ser tratada como uma pesquisa-ação, desenvolvida no próprio ambiente escolar. Os instrumentos utilizados para a coleta de dados foram: observação, diário de bordo, questionários, entrevista e análise documental. Assim, com base nos resultados, pode-se indicar o uso pedagógico do ábaco romano para o ensino do algoritmo de multiplicação.
ABD Lisanslı Depoculuk Sistemi ve Fiyat Desteği Uygulaması Işığında Hububatta Yeni Bir Destekleme Fiyat Sistemi Önerisi*
Authors: KAYA Mustafa
Published: August 2018

Türkiye'de hububatta destekleme fiyat politikası Toprak Mahsulleri Ofisi Genel Müdürlüğü (TMO) tarafından gerçekleştirilen destekleme alımlarıyla yürütülmektedir. Destekleme alımları temel olarak, üreticilerin düşük olan arz esnekliklerinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu durum dikkate alınarak üreticilere depolama ve finansman imkânı sunması nedeniyle arz esnekliğini artıran lisanslı depoculuk sisteminin uygulanmasına yönelik çalışmalar Türkiye'de 2005 yılından beri devam etmektedir. Bu sistemin iyi bir şekilde uygulandığı Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD) göz önüne alındığında bu sisteme entegre bir destekleme fiyat politikasının da sürdürüldüğü görülmektedir. Bu kapsamda çalışmanın amacı, ABD lisanslı depoculuk sistemi ve destekleme fiyat sistemi uygulamalarını inceleyerek Türkiye için lisanslı depoculuk sistemiyle uyumlu yeni bir destekleme fiyat sistemi önerisi sunmaktır. Bu doğrultuda lisanslı depoculuk sistemine ilişkin literatür ve Türkiye'de uygulanan sistem TMO-TOBB Tarım Ürünleri Lisanslı Depoculuk San. ve Tic. A.Ş. (TMO-TOBB LİDAŞ) lisanslı depoculuk uygulaması çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, yurt içi piyasa yapısı da dikkate alınarak TMO'nun destekleme alımı yapmasına gerek kalmaksızın belirli bir taban fiyatın üreticiye garanti edilmesine dayanan ve lisanslı depoculuk sistemiyle uyumlu bir fiyat desteği sistemi önerilmiştir. Ayrıca, önerilen sistemin etkileri ve TMO'nun yeni sistemde kurumsal olarak nasıl konumlandırılabileceği de tartışılmıştır.
Strategi Komunikasi dalam Membangun Awareness Wisata Halal di Kota Bandung
Authors: Pratiwi Soraya Ratna , Dida Susanne , Sjafirah Nuryah Asri
Published: August 2018

Wisata halal saat ini menjadi fenomena baru dalam dunia pariwisata dan mulai dikembangkan di beberapa negara. Wisata halal merupakan wisata yang pada pelaksanaannya mengacu pada syariat Islam, baik akomodasi, atraksi, dan objek wisata itu sendiri. Di Kota Bandung, wisata halal belum banyak dikenal dan masih pada tahap persiapan pengembangan, sehingga perhatian dan kepedulian terhadap wisata halal di kota ini masih belum terbangun. Dalam menangani masalah tersebut, diperlukan sebuah strategi komunikasi untuk membangun perhatian dan kepedulian di kalangan para pemangku kepentingan termasuk masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk merumuskan strategi komunikasi dalam rangka membangun perhatian dan kepedulian para pemangku kepentingan termasuk masyarakat terhadap pengembangan wisata halal di Kota Bandung. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori Konstruksi Sosial Atas Realita yang dicetuskan oleh Burger dan Luckmann. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan metode kualitatif melalui pendekatan studi kasus instrumental tunggal. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa wisata halal di Kota Bandung dikembangkan melalui dukungan dari berbagai lintas lembaga, yang disebut strategi penta helix. Strategi komunikasi yang dilakukan oleh Dinas Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan Provinsi Jawa Barat dalam mempersiapkan Kota Bandung sebagai destinasi wisata halal dengan melakukan sosialisasi untuk menumbuhkan kesadaran (awareness) kepada SKPD terkait. Selain Dinas Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan Provinsi Jawa Barat, beberapa lembaga lain seperti Enhaii Halal Tourism Center (EHTC) dan Salman Halal Center melakukan awareness building kepada para pemangku kepentingan dan juga masyarakat. Diperlukan strategi komunikasi yang lebih kompleks untuk mengkomunikasikan wisata halal kepada stakeholders dan juga masyarakat.