bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Graph embeddings in criminal investigation: towards combining precision, generalization and transparency
Authors: Bellandi Valerio , Ceravolo Paolo , Maghool Samira , Siccardi Stefano
Published: February 2022

Criminal investigation adopts Artificial Intelligence to enhance the volume of the facts that can be investigated and documented in trials. However, the abstract reasoning implied in legal justification and argumentation requests to adopt solutions providing high precision, low generalization error, and retrospective transparency. Three requirements that hardly coexist in today’s Artificial Intelligence solutions. In a controlled experiment, we then investigated the use of graph embeddings procedures to retrieve potential criminal actions based on patterns defined in enquiry protocols. We observed that a significant level of accuracy can be achieved but different graph reformation procedures imply different levels of precision, generalization, and transparency.
Influence of the Co/Ni Ratio and Dendritic Segregations on the High-Temperature Oxidation Resistance of Multinary Co-Rich Superalloys at 850 °C and 1050 °C
Authors: Hagen S. P. , Weiser M. , Abu-Khousa B. , Virtanen S.
Published: February 2022

Excellent inherent oxidation resistance is a prerequisite for the use of superalloys in many high-temperature applications. To achieve this goal, typically continuous alumina and chromia scale growths are assured through sufficient Cr and Al additions. Since the intended γ/γ′-microstructure of superalloys is only stable within a certain compositional window, the maximum concentrations of these protective scale forming elements are, however, dependent on the overall alloy composition. The latter is a severe drawback, especially for Co-rich superalloys, as for these the maximum content often is insufficient for reaching the desired continuous scale growth. In recent years, the addition of significant Ni levels was identified to improve the high-temperature oxidation properties in the case of simple model alloy systems. In this study, we compare the high-temperature oxidation behavior of two complex Co-rich multinary single-crystalline γ/γ′-strengthened superalloys that only differ regarding their Co/Ni ratios to the commercial Ni-base superalloy CMSX-4. Therefore, time-resolved isothermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) in synthetic air at 850 °C and 1050 °C for 100 hours, scanning electron microscopy analysis (SEM), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) were conducted. The results point out that a high Co-content beneficially affects the oxidation resistance at 850 °C, meaning that the Ni-base CMSX-4 is slightly outmatched by the Co-rich competitors. In contrast, at 1050 °C, the commercial (most Ni-rich) alloy performed best and, clearly, an increasing Co-content was identified to deteriorate the oxidation resistance. This temperature-dependent influence of the nominal Co/Ni ratio on oxidation resistance is shown to be especially pronounced for dendritic regions. Consequently, the latter could be identified to especially determine the overall oxidation kinetics.
Staple Line Reinforcement During Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Aiolfi Alberto , Gagner Michel , Zappa Marco Antonio , Lastraioli Caterina , Lombardo Francesca , Panizzo Valerio , Bonitta Gianluca , Cavalli Marta , Campanelli Giampiero , Bona Davide
Published: February 2022

Purpose

Staple line reinforcement (SLR) during laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is controversial. The purpose of this study was to perform a comprehensive evaluation of the most commonly utilized techniques for SLR.

Materials and Methods

Network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to compare no reinforcement (NR), suture oversewing (SR), glue reinforcement (GR), bioabsorbable staple line reinforcement (Gore® Seamguard®) (GoR), and clips reinforcement (CR). Risk Ratio (RR), weighted mean difference (WMD), and 95% credible intervals (CrI) were used as pooled effect size measures.

Results

Overall, 3994 patients (17 RCTs) were included. Of those, 1641 (41.1%) underwent NR, 1507 (37.7%) SR, 689 (17.2%) GR, 107 (2.7%) GoR, and 50 (1.3%) CR. SR was associated with a significantly reduced risk of bleeding (RR=0.51; 95% CrI 0.31–0.88), staple line leak (RR=0.56; 95% CrI 0.32–0.99), and overall complications (RR=0.50; 95% CrI 0.30–0.88) compared to NR while no differences were found vs. GR, GoR, and CR. Operative time was significantly longer for SR (WMD=16.2; 95% CrI 10.8–21.7), GR (WMD=15.0; 95% CrI 7.7–22.4), and GoR (WMD=15.5; 95% CrI 5.6–25.4) compared to NR. Among treatments, there were no significant differences for surgical site infection (SSI), sleeve stenosis, reoperation, hospital length of stay, and 30-day mortality.

Conclusions

SR seems associated with a reduced risk of bleeding, leak, and overall complications compared to NR while no differences were found vs. GR, GoR, and CR. Data regarding GoR and CR are limited while further trials reporting outcomes for these techniques are warranted.

Graphical abstract
Antiretroviral Therapy Efficacy Post-Bariatric Weight Loss Surgery: A Case Series of Persons Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Kaip Emily A. , Nguyen Nicole Y. , Cocohoba Jennifer M.
Published: February 2022

Purpose

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–related mortality has decreased secondary to advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART), and the incidence of obesity in this population is increasing. Bariatric surgery is an effective method of weight loss, though changes in the gastrointestinal tract may affect ART absorption and virologic suppression. Existing data are limited to case reports studying outdated therapeutic regimens; studies evaluating modern ART regimens are needed. The objective of this study was to determine if undergoing bariatric surgery impacts HIV virologic failure rate at 12 months post-surgery and to characterize the failure population.

Materials and Methods

This retrospective case series included adults with virologically suppressed HIV on ART who underwent roux-en-y gastric bypass (RYGB) or sleeve gastrectomy (SG) surgery between 2000 and 2019 (n=20) at one of three medical centers within one academic medical system. The primary outcome was proportion of patients with ART failure at 12 months post-surgery. Select additional data collected included CD4+ count, metabolic parameters, postoperative complications, and medication non-adherence.

Results

A total of 18 patients were included in this analysis. Seventeen of 18 patients (94%) maintained virologic suppression within 12 months post-surgery. There were no significant changes in CD4+ counts before and after surgery. The one failure was an African American woman who underwent sleeve gastrectomy surgery. This patient’s baseline viral load was undetectable and CD4+ count was 263 cells/mm3.

Conclusion

Undergoing bariatric surgery did not increase virologic failure rate in a small cohort of persons living with HIV, and ART non-adherence was associated with virologic failure.

Graphical abstract
The powerful self: How social power and gender influence face perception
Authors: Krumhuber Eva G. , Wang Xijing , Guinote Ana
Published: February 2022

While ample evidence supports an association between power and dominance, little is still known about how temporary experiences of power influence the way people come to see themselves and others. The present research investigates the effect of social power on self- and other-face recognition, and examines whether gender modulates the direction of this effect. Male and female participants were induced to feel either powerful or powerless and had to recognize their own face and those of same-sex strangers from a series of images ranging from a dominant to a submissive version of the original. Results showed that males more frequently chose a dominant self-image under high power, whereas females selected a submissive self-image under low power. When presented with faces of same-sex targets female participants relied on low-power features (i.e., submissiveness) of the self in the perception of others (assimilation effect), whereas male participants more often selected a dominant image of strangers when feeling powerless (constrast effect). The effects of power did not extend to more deliberate judgments of dominance and likability, suggesting that respective biases in face recollection operated at an implicit level. This research underscores the cognitive and motivational underpinnings of power and related gender gaps in power attainment.
Ice Ages
Authors: Mazur Allan
Published: February 2022

What causes Ice Ages? How did we learn about them? What were their affects on the social history of humanity? Allan Mazur's book tells the appealing history of the scientific 'discovery' of Ice Ages. How we learned that much of the Earth was repeatedly covered by huge ice sheets, why that occurred, and how the waning of the last Ice Age paved the way for agrarian civilization and, ultimately, our present social structures. The book discusses implications for the current 'controversies' over anthropogenic climate change, public understanding of science, and (lack of) 'trust in experts'. In parallel to the history and science of Ice Ages, sociologist Mazur highlights why this is especially relevant right now for humanity. Ice Ages: Their Social and Natural History is an engrossing combination of natural science and social history: glaciology and sociology writ large.
South Asian Writers, Latin American Literature, and the Rise of Global English
Authors: Kantor Roanne
Published: February 2022

Ever since T.B. Macaulay leveled the accusation in 1835 that 'a single shelf of a good European library was worth the whole native literature of India,' South Asian literature has served as the imagined battleground between local linguistic multiplicity and a rapidly globalizing English. In response to this endless polemic, Indian and Pakistani writers set out in another direction altogether. They made an unexpected journey to Latin America. The cohort of authors that moved between these regions include Latin-American Nobel laureates Pablo Neruda and Octavio Paz; Booker Prize notables Salman Rushdie, Anita Desai, Mohammed Hanif, and Mohsin Hamid. In their explorations of this new geographic connection, Roanne Kantor claims that they formed the vanguard of a new, multilingual world literary order. Their encounters with Latin America fundamentally shaped the way in which literature written in English from South Asia exploded into popularity from the 1980s until the mid-2000s, enabling its global visibility.
A Practical Guide to Basic Laboratory Andrology
Authors: Mortimer David , Björndahl Lars , Barratt Christopher L. R. , Castilla José Antonio , Menkveld Roelof , Kvist Ulrik , Alvarez Juan G. , Haugen Trine B.
Published: February 2022

This practical, extensively illustrated handbook covers the procedures that are undertaken in andrology and ART laboratories to analyse and assess male-factor infertility, and to prepare spermatozoa for use in assisted conception therapy. The content is presented as brief, authoritative overviews of the relevant biological background for each area, plus detailed, step-by-step descriptions of the relevant analytical procedures. Each technical section includes quality control considerations and the optimum presentation of results. In addition to the comprehensive 'basic' semen analysis, incorporating careful analysis of sperm morphology, the handbook provides established techniques for the use of computer-aided sperm analysis and sperm functional assessment. The interpretation of laboratory results in the clinical context is highlighted throughout, and safe laboratory practice is emphasized. Fully revised, incorporating the new ISO TS 23162 on basic human semen analysis throughout, this is an invaluable resource to all scientists and technicians who perform diagnostic testing for male-factor infertility.
School strike for climate: A reckoning for education
Authors: Verlie Blanche , Flynn Alicia
Published: February 2022

In this article framing the special issue on the global school strikes for climate, we ask: what if education is not the solution, but part of the system young people want to change? In conversation with school strikers and reflecting on the contributions to this issue, we argue that the strikes pose a reckoning for education. Five key themes emerge from this special issue: (1) students are striking because of the affective weight of climate injustice; (2) students learn through their participation in striking, in contrast to the often insufficient climate change education taught in schools; (3) young people are becoming climate change educators through their roles as strikers; (4) strikers are patronised through paternalistic structures (including schooling) that ostensibly exist to protect them; and therefore (5) we need to reimagine education. We then advance four propositions for education in response to young people’s modest demands for a liveable future: (1) young people are in and of the collapsing climate; (2) youth voices need to be taken seriously, without excusing adult and collective responsibilities; (3) multigenerational, more-than-human, intercultural collaborations must be practiced in education for climate justice; and (4) we must learn to navigate ontological uncertainty and attend to ethical complexity.
A SIMPLE AND NEARLY OPTIMAL INVESTMENT STRATEGY TO MINIMIZE THE PROBABILITY OF LIFETIME RUIN
Authors: Liang Xiaoqing , Young Virginia R.
Published: February 2022

We study the optimal investment strategy to minimize the probability of lifetime ruin under a general mortality hazard rate. We explore the error between the minimum probability of lifetime ruin and the achieved probability of lifetime ruin if one follows a simple investment strategy inspired by earlier work in this area. We also include numerical examples to illustrate the estimation. We show that the nearly optimal probability of lifetime ruin under the simplified investment strategy is quite close to the original minimum probability of lifetime ruin under reasonable parameter values.
SINGLE AMINO ACID RADIOCARBON DATING OF TWO NEANDERTHALS FOUND AT ŠAL’A (SLOVAKIA)
Authors: Hopkins Rachel J A , Hajdinjak Mateja , Šefčáková Alena , Comeskey Dan , Devièse Thibaut , Higham Tom F G
Published: February 2022

Human remains from the (late) Middle Paleolithic remain rare. Improving our understanding of their spatio-temporal distribution is essential for obtaining insights into human evolution and the dynamics between Neanderthals and early Anatomically Modern Humans (AMHs). We present the single-amino-acid radiocarbon dating and ancient DNA results from the only Neanderthal skeletal remains known in Slovakia (Šal’a I and Šal’a II). As they were found without archaeological context and in secondary deposition, recontextualization is important. By employing the hydroxyproline radiocarbon dating method, we were able to successfully counteract contamination issues and circumvent problems caused by highly degraded collagen. By contrast, DNA analysis did not detect any endogenous DNA at the limits of our resolution. We conclude that the radiocarbon ages of >44,800 BP (OxA-X-2731-16) and >45,100 (OxA-X-2731-15) firmly place the two individuals in the Middle Paleolithic, and before the arrival of AMHs to the region. Furthermore, indirect evidence based on morphology and possibly related faunal remains suggest ages younger than 100 ka. This time frame coincides with a period in which Neanderthal populations were highly dispersed in Europe, yet in decline.
Effects of short and long milking intervals on milking characteristics and changes of milk constituents during the course of milking in crossbred Istrian × Awassi × East-Friesian ewes
Authors: Dzidic Alen , Kuehnl Jordan , Simic Maja , Bruckmaier Rupert M.
Published: February 2022

The main objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of two milking intervals (8 and 16 h) on milk constituents (fat, protein, lactose, dry matter, and log10 SCC) of nineteen Istrian × Awassi × East-Friesian crossbred ewes in different milk fractions (0–25, 25–50, 50–75 and 75–100%) during the course of milking and in machine stripping (MS) milk. Furthermore, we sought to determine the effect of the two milking intervals on milking characteristics (average milk flow rate, peak milk flow rate, machine-on time, total milk yield, and milk production rate) and whether each milk constituent within each milking interval is best described by a linear, quadratic, or cubic function. Average milk flow rate and milk yield per milking decreased in the 8 h milking interval compared to the 16 h milking interval (P < 0.05). Peak milk flow rate, machine-on time, and milk production rate were not different between the two milking intervals. Overall, milk fat content, dry matter content, and log10 SCC increased in the 8 h milking interval compared to the 16 h milking interval (P < 0.05). Milk protein content did not change through the main milk fractions at either milking interval. Milk lactose content did not change through the milk fractions at the 8 h milking interval, whereas it decreased in the 75–100% and stripping milk fractions at the 16 h milking interval (P < 0.05). The 0–25% and stripping milk fractions contained the highest log10 SCC compared to all other milk fractions (P < 0.05). Changes of milk fat and dry matter content throughout milking were best described by quadratic functions, whereas milk protein content, milk lactose content, and log10 SCC were best described by different functions depending on the milking interval. These results demonstrate that milking interval influenced all milk constituents in various milk fractions during the course of ewe milking. Moreover, milking characteristics such as average milk flow and total milk yield, and the appropriate mathematical function to characterize milk constituents throughout a milking, were affected by milking interval.
Umbilicaria meizospora comb. nov., a south-western European endemic species of the subgenus Papillophora
Authors: Davydov Evgeny A. , Masson Didier
Published: February 2022

Detailed morphological investigations and phylogenetic analyses of the ITS/5.8S nrDNA, mtLSU and RPB2 of the Umbilicaria crustulosa–U. spodochroa species complex reveal Umbilicaria hirsuta var. meizospora Harm. to be a separate species. The lectotype has been designated in ANGUC and a new combination Umbilicaria meizospora (Harm.) D. M. Masson & Davydov is proposed. Umbilicaria crustulosa var. badiofusca was recognized as the heterotypic synonym of U. meizospora and the lectotype was designated based on Frey's collection preserved in G. We provide a full description of U. meizospora and outline its distribution and ecology. The species is newly reported from Austria.
Diversity and diel activity patterns of terrestrial mammals in the Nkuba Conservation Area, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: van der Hoek Yntze , Binyinyi Escobar , Ngobobo Urbain , Stoinski Tara S. , Caillaud Damien
Published: February 2022

The Congo basin forests have vast conservation potential but because of their inaccessibility and periodic insecurity there is little formal protection or ecological research occurring there. Community-based conservation efforts in the unprotected forest corridor separating Kahuzi-Biega and Maiko National Parks in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo aim to protect a unique forest ecosystem and facilitate the development of ecological research. To support this process, we obtained baseline data on the occurrence of terrestrial mammals in the Nkuba Conservation Area by conducting camera-trap (2014–2018) and transect (2013–2018) surveys. From camera-trap images we also extracted diel activity patterns and estimated overlap in these patterns between selected pairs of species. We identified 29 mammal species weighing > 1 kg using camera traps and 22 species in transect surveys, with a total of 33 mammal species, of which seven are categorized as threatened on the IUCN Red List. Among this mammalian community, we recorded nocturnal and diurnal species with short core activity periods, and several cathemeral species with long activity periods, with various degrees of temporal separation of diel activity between species. The presence of threatened species, including the Critically Endangered Grauer's gorilla Gorilla beringei graueri, suggests that the Nkuba Conservation Area harbours a forest community that requires continuous monitoring, further research and investment in protection from the ongoing deforestation and resource exploitation occurring in the surrounding region.
Suppressive treatment with monepantel and the fast selection for phenotypically resistant trichostrongylids of sheep
Authors: Campos Karla Francisca Duarte , Monteiro Alda Lúcia Gomes , Pontarolo Desiree Vera , Molento Marcelo Beltrão
Published: February 2022

Gastrointestinal parasite control has been a major challenge to livestock due to the failure of anthelmintic treatments. Monepantel (MNT) was introduced in 2009 as an alternative treatment option showing a new mechanism of action against nematode parasites. To study the response of MNT in a suppressive regime, 45-Suffolk and White Dorper naturally infected sheep were divided into one of three groups, G1: control – with no treatment, G2: MNT at 2.5 mg kg−1 live weight (LW) PO every 30 days, and G3: MNT at 4.0 mg kgLW−1 PO every 30 days for 6 months. Every 15 days, the animals were individually weighed (body weight, BW) and checked for Famacha (FMC) and body condition score (BCS). The efficacy of MNT was evaluated weekly by fecal egg count (FEC) every month. FEC showed >97% efficacy at the start of the experiment, revealing a significant reduction for G2 (28%) and G3 (39%) in the following months. There was no treatment, BW or BCS effect between treatments; however, there was a period (P < 0.0001) and a treatment vs period interaction (P < 0.0001) for BW. The data revealed that MNT at a therapeutic and suppressive dose had a non-linear polynomial efficacy regression (R2) of 0.988 and 0.992, respectively. This original experiment demonstrates how short-interval and suppressive MNT treatments would rapidly select Haemonchus contortus, showing a fast susceptible-resistance phenotypic population replacement. Therefore, it is suggested that MNT might be carefully used in parasite control programmes alongside other management strategies (i.e. FMC, BCS) to reduce treatment frequency and the selection process for resistance.
The re-occurrence of dilated cardiomyopathy in propionic acidemia after liver transplantation requiring heart transplant, first case from Middle East
Authors: Hejazi Yahia , Hijazi Ziyad M. , Al-saloos Hesham , Omran Tawfeg Ben
Published: February 2022

Propionic acidemia is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism. It is relatively common in Middle East. Dilated cardiomyopathy is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality for patients with propionic acidemia. Liver transplantation has been used for patient with frequent metabolic decompensations and was shown to be beneficial in propionic acidemia-related dilated cardiomyopathy. Up to our knowledge, there has been one reported case of recurrent dilated cardiomyopathy 3 years after liver transplantation. We report the first case, from Middle East, of recurrent dilated cardiomyopathy, 6 years after liver transplantation.
Interpersonal Violence in Chile, c. 1880s–2010s: A Tale of Delayed but Successful Convergence
Authors: Rivero-Cantillano Rodrigo , Llorca-Jaña Manuel , Clarke Damian , Rivas Javier , Quezada Daniel , Allende Martina
Published: February 2022

We analyze the evolution of homicide rates in Chile, as a proxy of interpersonal violence, from the 1880s to the 2010s. Homicides rates are the best measure of a country’s personal security, and a key variable of well-being. We found that the homicides rates were high during the late nineteenth century and the early decades of the twentieth century. From the 1930s homicide rates started to decline initially gradually, but then sharply during the 1950s–1960s. During the 1960s–1990s, the country’s homicide rates were low by international standards. However, they have increased during the last two decades. Our regression suggests that increased social spending in the past is associated with reduced homicides in the present, that past and concurrent economic growth also correlates with a reduction in the rate of homicides, and that increased police presence is correlated with a reduction in the rate of homicides. The 1930s–1960s are a key period in the evolution of interpersonal violence. It coincides with the emergence of a welfare state (and increasing social expenditure), declining poverty rates, improvements in health and education, and an increase in suffrage.
In the ruins: the neglected link between archaeology and weed science
Authors: Wolff Alice C. , Westbrook Anna S. , DiTommaso Antonio
Published: February 2022

The aim of this paper is to bring attention to weed ecology research that is taking place in an unexpected discipline: archaeology. While archaeobotanists (archaeologists or botanists who specialize in archaeological plant remains) have been accessing literature in weed ecology for decades and applying the findings to their own studies, their results are almost exclusively published in archaeological journals such as the Journal of Archaeological Science or Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. For this reason, their work is underutilized by weed ecologists, especially those who have an interest in historical weed ecology. Archaeobotanical research could help weed scientists understand the long-term effects of agricultural practices on weed communities and predict the potential impacts of climate change. This paper begins with a brief review of the history of archaeobotany as a discipline, then describes ways in which weed ecology is applied in archaeobotany, including Functional Interpretation of Botanical Surveys (FIBS). Finally, we present opportunities for future collaboration between archaeobotanists and weed scientists.
Familiales Hilfesuchverhalten während der COVID-19-Pandemie und die Verschiebung in den digitalen Raum
Authors: Franz Simone , Simon-Kutscher Kathrin , Kunze Sabrina , Bröning Sonja , Thomasius Rainer ,   IMAC-Mind Konsortium
Published: February 2022

Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: Infolge einschneidender Veränderungen des Familienalltags aufgrund der COVID-19-Pandemie äußert eine Mehrheit der Eltern in Deutschland Unterstützungsbedarf im Umgang mit ihren Kindern. Kinder und Jugendliche wiederum sind im Jahr 2020 unter den Maßnahmen zur Infektionseindämmung erhöhten psychischen Belastungen und Risiken ausgesetzt. Das Multi-Familien-Programm „Familien (achtsam) stärken“ zielt auf die Prävention von Suchtstörungen und anderen psychischen Erkrankungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen ab und stärkt die Familienfunktionalität. Aufgrund der Pandemie ist das Programm im Jahr 2020 digital adaptiert worden. Ziel: Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist es, die Inanspruchnahme für dieses Präventionsangebot zu explorieren und mit der Inanspruchnahme für die vor der Pandemie durchgeführte Präsenzvariante zu vergleichen. Methode: Dabei werden Anmeldezahlen, Studienabbruchraten und Abbruchgründe im Zeitraum von August 2020 bis März 2021 (während der Pandemie) und August 2019 bis März 2020 (vor der Pandemie) deskriptiv ausgewertet. Ergebnisse: Während der Pandemie stiegen die Anmeldezahlen um 8,17 %. Die Studienabbruchrate ist gesunken. Die häufigsten Abbruchgründe sind Bedenken hinsichtlich der digitalen Durchführung, intrafamiliäre Probleme oder Krankheit und nachlassendes Interesse. Schlussfolgerung: Digitale Präventionsprogramme stellen ein relevantes und zukunftsfähiges Hilfsangebot für Familien dar, wobei mögliche Hürden für die Inanspruchnahme beachtet werden sollten.
Mind It!
Authors: Baldus Christiane , Kaffke Lara , Mokros Laura , Kretzschmar Lea , Schulz Anna-Lena , Herdering Regina ,   IMAC-Mind Konsortium, Thomasius Rainer , Legenbauer Tanja
Published: February 2022

Zusammenfassung: Zielsetzung: Das achtsamkeitsbasierte Gruppentherapieprogramm für Jugendliche mit Substanzgebrauchsstörung (SUD) Mind It! wurde in Anlehnung an ein amerikanisches Manual entwickelt und an das kinder- und jugendpsychiatrische Setting adaptiert. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, die Durchführbarkeit der Intervention zu beschreiben und erste Erfahrungen in der Implementation und Prozessevaluation darzulegen. Methode: Die Teilnehmenden waren 13 bis 19-jährige stationär behandelte Jugendliche mit diagnostizierter SUD oder schädlichem Gebrauch. Insgesamt nahmen N = 41 an der Therapiegruppe teil. Nach jeder Gruppenstunde wurde ein Evaluationsfragebogen durch Teilnehmer_innen der Intervention ausgefüllt sowie von den Therapeut_innen nach jeder Sitzung ein Dokumentationsbogen bearbeitet. Ergebnisse: Die durchschnittliche Gesamtbewertung der Gruppentherapiestunden durch die Teilnehmer_innen liegt zwischen „mittelmäßig zutreffend“ und „eher zutreffend“. Die qualitativen Ergebnisse des Erlebens von Patient_innen zeigten u. a., dass die entspannende Wirkung von Meditationsübungen als angenehm wahrgenommen wurde, während das Ausrichten der Aufmerksamkeit auf unangenehme Bewusstseinsinhalte als unangenehm beschrieben wurde. Schlussfolgerung: Insgesamt hat die achtsamkeitsbasierte Gruppentherapie Mind It! gute Bewertungen erzielt. Sowohl bei Patient_innen als auch bei Therapeut_innen wurden positive Erfahrungen berichtet, herausfordernde Erfahrungen, z. B. vor dem Hintergrund komorbider Symptome, müssen weiter im Blick behalten werden.
Validation of Wind Measurements From a 53 MHz ST Radar Pilot Array Located at University of Calcutta With Collocated Radiosonde Launches
Authors: Nandakumar P. , Jana D. , Sunilkumar S. V. , Satheesh Chandran P. R. , Vishnu R. , Das T. , Emmanuel Maria , Singh G. , Majumder S. , Siddiqui J. Y. , Paul A.
Published: February 2022

A Stratosphere‐Troposphere (ST) Radar operating at 53 MHz is being installed at Ionosphere Field Station (22.94°N, 88.51°E, and 34°N geomagnetic latitude) of University of Calcutta in the eastern part of India adjoining northern Bay of Bengal. This radar is unique, being the only one operational at this frequency in the entire eastern and northeastern part of the country and also in the south‐east Asian longitude sector. Two components of horizontal winds (zonal and meridional) measured by the Pilot version of this radar have been validated with 90 collocated simultaneous balloon‐borne radiosonde observations during July and August 2019. A good correlation of the order of 90%–99% and 75%–95% up to 8 km has been observed between the radar and radiosonde measured zonal winds and meridional winds respectively. This correlation is much stronger between 2 and 6 km altitudes. The correspondence is better for the zonal winds than meridional. However, there have been some data outliers, which may primarily be attributed to different measurement techniques, large beam width of the Pilot array and less antenna aperture. The differences between radar and radiosonde measurements are marginally higher for precipitation events compared to non‐precipitation cases. The zonal and meridional wind patterns exhibit different variations in July and August 2019 while the standard errors in zonal and meridional winds mostly lie within 1 m/s. These results are the first validation of the Pilot version of this radar facility.
Termination 1 Millennial‐Scale Rainfall Events Over the Sunda Shelf
Authors: Buckingham F. L. , Carolin S. A. , Partin J. W. , Adkins J. F. , Cobb K. M. , Day C. C. , Ding Q. , He C. , Liu Z. , Otto‐Bliesner B. , Roberts W. H. G. , Lejau S. , Malang J.
Published: February 2022

Recent paleoclimate reconstructions have suggested millennial‐scale variability in the Indo‐Pacific Warm Pool region coincident with events of the last deglaciation. Here, we present a new stalagmite oxygen isotope record from northern Borneo, which today is located near the center of the region's mean annual intertropical convergence zone. The record spans the full deglaciation, and reveals for the first time distinct oxygen isotope variations at this location connected with the Bølling‐Allerød onset and the Younger Dryas event. The full deglaciation in the Borneo stalagmite proxy reconstruction appears remarkably similar to a 20–11 ka transient simulation of rainfall over the area produced using the isotope‐enabled Community Earth System Model. In this model, periods of weakened Atlantic Ocean meridional overturning circulation are associated with an anomalous Western North Pacific anticyclone, which is produced in boreal autumn and shifts south over Borneo during boreal winter, causing dry conditions.
Discrete Aurora on the Nightside of Mars: Occurrence Location and Probability
Authors: Fang Xiaohua , Ma Yingjuan , Schneider Nick , Girazian Zach , Luhmann Janet , Milby Zachariah , Jain Sonal , Dong Yaxue , Curry Shannon , Jakosky Bruce
Published: February 2022

This paper represents the first attempt to predict the occurrence location and probability of discrete electron aurora on the nightside of Mars. We run a 3‐D time‐dependent magnetohydrodynamic model to characterize the spatial and temporal dynamics of magnetic field and plasma distributions over the course of one planetary rotation. We perform eight simulation cases under solar minimum quiet‐solar‐wind conditions (four equinox/solstice seasons, each with two interplanetary magnetic field polarities) and in an actual interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) case to assess quiet and space weather situations, respectively. The occurrence of detectable discrete aurora is subject to the combination of the probabilities that (a) the ionosphere is magnetically connected with high altitudes through open field lines and (b) precipitating energy fluxes of >30 eV electrons exceed 0.1 erg/cm2/s. Our results show that during quiet solar activity, discrete aurora occurs likely on small‐scale patches embedded inside strong crustal magnetic field regions (with a magnitude greater than 50 nT at 150 km), and the overall chance across the globe is ∼0.77%. The higher probability over strong crustal field regions is attributed to the stronger magnetic field convergence. Modeling shows the occurrence probability dramatically increases during the ICME event, particularly by more than an order of magnitude in weak crustal field regions. Our model results reasonably agree with NASA Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN and Mars Express observations. Our study suggests that nightside discrete electron aurora is not caused by the direct entry of magnetosheath plasma in a cusp‐like process but due to the recycling of nightside magnetospheric electrons.
Secondary Geomorphic Processes and Their Influence on Alluvial Fan Morphology, Channel Behavior and Flood Hazards
Authors: Vincent L. T. , Eaton B. C. , Leenman A. S. , Jakob M.
Published: February 2022

Alluvial fans form through primary and secondary geomorphic processes. Primary processes comprise major geomorphic events that build the fan by transporting sediment from the watershed to the fan; these events occur at decadal time scales. Secondary processes include the smaller flood events which recruit little sediment from the watershed but can re‐mobilize and rework sediment already delivered to the fan. The experiments described herein study the effects of secondary processes on alluvial fan morphology and channel behavior. We conducted four experiments, in which alluvial fans were built by alternating between primary events, with high flows and high sediment supply, and secondary events, with moderate flows and no sediment supply. In our experiments, primary events are best described as debris floods and secondary events correspond to smaller floods with much lower sediment concentrations. The duration of the secondary events varied between experiments, but the number and duration of the primary events was held constant keeping the total volume of sediment delivered to the fan the same. We monitored fan gradient, area, channel patterns and avulsions. Experiments with longer secondary events generated larger fans with gentler gradients. In addition, longer secondary events led to increased flow channelization and centralization between primary events. These morphologic changes resulted in fewer avulsions during primary events, which occurred later during the event. These results indicate that changes to the relative duration of primary and secondary events caused by climate change can affect fan morphology, wet fraction, and avulsion frequency, with implications for potential flood hazard.
Coordinated Control Can Deliver Synergies Across Multiple Rainwater Storages
Authors: Xu Wei D. , Burns Matthew J. , Cherqui Frédéric , Smith‐Miles Kate , Fletcher Tim D.
Published: February 2022

Studies in Real−Time Control (RTC) Rainwater Harvesting Systems (RWH) have to date been limited to the control of single storages, leaving the potential benefits of operating multiple storages in a coordinated manner largely untested. In this study, we aimed to design an optimization‐based RTC strategy that can operate multiple storages in a coordinated manner to achieve multiple objectives. We modeled the long‐term performance of this coordinated approach (i.e., termed as coordinated control) across a range of storage sizes and compared it with a strategy that optimized the operation of each storage individually, ignoring the state of other stores within the system. Our results show that coordinated control delivered a synergy benefit in achieving better baseflow restoration, with almost no detriment to the water supply and flood protection (overflow reduction) performance. The efficiency achieved through coordinated control allows large storages to compensate for smaller, underperforming systems, to achieve higher overall performance. Such a finding suggests a general control principle in building coordination among multiple storages, which can potentially be adapted to mitigate flooding risks, and also applied to other stormwater control measures. This also opens up a new opportunity for practitioners to construct a future “smart rainwater grid” using a network of distributed storages, in combination with centralized large storages, to manage urban stormwater in a range of contexts and for a range of environmental objectives.
Flushing the Lake Littoral Region: The Interaction of Differential Cooling and Mild Winds
Authors: Ramón Cintia L. , Ulloa Hugo N. , Doda Tomy , Bouffard Damien
Published: February 2022

The interaction of a uniform cooling rate at the lake surface with sloping bathymetry efficiently drives cross‐shore water exchanges between the shallow littoral and deep interior regions. The faster cooling rate of the shallows results in the formation of density‐driven currents, known as thermal siphons, that flow downslope until they intrude horizontally at the base of the surface mixed layer. Existing parameterizations of the resulting buoyancy‐driven cross‐shore transport assume calm wind conditions, which are rarely observed in lakes and thereby restrict their applicability. Here, we examine how moderate winds (≲5 m s−1) affect this convective cross‐shore transport. We derive simple analytical solutions that we further test against realistic three‐dimensional numerical hydrodynamic simulations of an enclosed stratified basin subject to uniform and steady surface cooling rate and cross‐shore winds. We show cross‐shore winds modify the convective circulation, stopping or even reversing it in the upwind littoral region and enhancing the cross‐shore exchange in the downwind region. The analytical parameterization satisfactorily predicted the magnitude of the simulated offshore unit‐width discharges in the upwind and downwind littoral regions. Our scaling expands the previous formulation to a regime where both wind and buoyancy forces drive cross‐shore discharges of similar magnitude. This range is defined by the non‐dimensional Monin‐Obukhov length scale, χMO: 0.1 ≲ χMO  ≲ 0.5. The information needed to evaluate the scaling formula can be readily obtained from a traditional set of in situ observations.
Scalable batch fabrication of ultrathin flexible neural probes using a bioresorbable silk layer
Authors: Cointe Clement , Laborde Adrian , Nowak Lionel G. , Arvanitis Dina N. , Bourrier David , Bergaud Christian , Maziz Ali
Published: February 2022

Flexible intracerebral probes for neural recording and electrical stimulation have been the focus of many research works to achieve better compliance with the surrounding tissue while minimizing rejection. Strategies have been explored to find the best way to insert flexible probes into the brain while maintaining their flexibility once positioned. Here, we present a novel and versatile scalable batch fabrication approach to deliver ultrathin and flexible probes consisting of a silk-parylene bilayer. The biodegradable silk layer, whose degradation time is programmable, provides a temporary and programmable stiffener to allow the insertion of ultrathin parylene-based flexible devices. Our innovative and robust batch fabrication technology allows complete freedom over probe design in terms of materials, size, shape, and thickness. We demonstrate successful ex vivo insertion of the probe with acute high-fidelity recordings of epileptic seizures in field potentials as well as single-unit action potentials in mouse brain slices. Our novel technological solution for implanting ultraflexible devices in the brain while minimizing rejection risks shows high potential for use in both brain research and clinical therapies.
Safety and efficacy of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine based on live-attenuated Listeria monocytogenes in hepatobiliary cancers
Authors: Hochnadel Inga , Hoenicke Lisa , Petriv Nataliia , Neubert Lavinia , Reinhard Elena , Hirsch Tatjana , Alfonso Juan Carlos Lopez , Suo Huizhen , Longerich Thomas , Geffers Robert , Lichtinghagen Ralf , Guzmán Carlos Alberto , Wedemeyer Heiner , Lenzen Henrike , Manns Michael Peter , Bruder Dunja , Yevsa Tetyana
Published: February 2022

Primary liver cancer (PLC) comprising hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) represents the third deadliest cancer worldwide with still insufficient treatment options. We have previously found that CD4 T helper 1 (Th1) response is indispensable for the protection against PLC. In the present research, we aimed to test the potent inducers of Th1 responses, live-attenuated Listeria monocytogenes ∆actA/∆inlB strain as preventive/therapeutic vaccine candidate in liver fibrosis, HCC, and CCA. Studies were performed using autochthonous models of HCC and CCA, highly reflecting human disease. L. monocytogenes ∆actA/∆inlB demonstrated strong safety/efficacy in premalignant and malignant liver diseases. The protective mechanism relied on the induction of strong tumor-specific immune responses that keep the development of hepatobiliary cancers under control. Combination therapy, comprising Listeria vaccination and a checkpoint inhibitor blockade significantly extended the survival of HCC-bearing mice even at the advanced stages of the disease. This is the first report on the safety and efficacy of Listeria-based vaccine in liver fibrosis, as well as the first proof of principle study on Listeria-based vaccines in CCA. Our study paves the way for the use of live-attenuated Listeria as safe and efficient vaccine and a potent inducer of protective immune responses in liver fibrosis and hepatobiliary malignancies.
USP13 promotes development and metastasis of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma in a novel mouse model
Authors: Kwon Juntae , Choi Hyeongjwa , Ware Anna D. , Morillo Bernadette Cecilia , Wang Haiyang , Bouker Kerrie B. , Lu Xiongbin , Waldman Todd , Han Cecil
Published: February 2022

Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy and one of the most common causes of cancer mortality among women worldwide. Ubiquitin-Specific Peptidase 13 (USP13) gene copy is strongly amplified in human epithelial ovarian cancer, and high USP13 expression is correlated with poor survival outcomes. Yet, its pathological contribution to ovarian tumorigenesis remains unknown. We crossed a conditionalUsp13overexpressing knock-in mouse with a conditional knockout ofTrp53andPtenmouse and generated a novel ovarian cancer genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM), which closely recapitulates the genetic changes driving ovarian cancer in humans. Overexpression of USP13 with deletion ofTrp53andPtenin murine ovarian surface epithelium accelerated ovarian tumorigenesis and led to decreased survival in mice. Notably, USP13 greatly enhanced peritoneal metastasis of ovarian tumors with frequent development of hemorrhagic ascites. The primary and metastatic tumors exhibited morphology and clinical behavior similar to human high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Co-inhibition of USP13 and AKT significantly decreased the viability of the primary murine ovarian cancer cells isolated from the GEMM. USP13 also increased the tumorigenic and metastatic abilities of primary murine ovarian cancer cells in a syngeneic mouse study. These findings suggest a critical role of USP13 in ovarian cancer development and reveal USP13 as a potential therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.
Regulatory T-lymphocyte subsets in children with chronic immune thrombocytopenia after high-dose of dexamethasone
Authors: Elsayh Khalid Ibrahim , Saad Khaled , Osman Naglaa Samy , Mahmoud Khaled Hashim , Ahmad Faisal A. , Khalaf Shaimaa M. , Sayed Noha G. , Zahran Zeinab Albadry M. , Ghandour Aliaa M. A. , Elhoufey Amira A. , Bedir Tamer , Zahran Asmaa
Published: February 2022

Background

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune disease. This study’s objective was to estimate the variations in the population of CD4+CD25+HighFoxP3+cells (CD4+regulatory T-lymphocytes; Tregs) in previously untreated children with chronic ITP managed in Assiut University Hospitals, as well as to evaluate the efficacy of high-dose dexamethasone (HD-DXM) in these patients.

Methods

In this study, we investigated the frequencies of T-lymphocyte subsets in 27 untreated children with chronic ITP.

Results

Prior to treatment, the percentages of CD4+CD25Highcells and Tregs were significantly lower in the chronic ITP group compared to the control group (p = 0.018 andp < 0.0001, respectively). After treatment with HD-DXM, Tregs and platelets were significantly increased in these patients (p < 0.0001 for both).

Conclusions

Our results suggest that Tregs are deficient in children with chronic ITP and that HD-DXM immunosuppressive therapy can restore the levels of these cells.

Impact

CD4+CD25Highcells and Tregs were significantly lower in children chronic ITP compared to healthy control.

HD-DXM treatment led to significantly increased Tregs and platelets in these patients.

Our results suggest that Tregs are deficient in children with chronic ITP and that HD-DXM immunosuppressive therapy can restore the levels of these cells.
Quantum algorithmic measurement
Authors: Aharonov Dorit , Cotler Jordan , Qi Xiao-Liang
Published: February 2022

There has been recent promising experimental and theoretical evidence that quantum computational tools might enhance the precision and efficiency of physical experiments. However, a systematic treatment and comprehensive framework are missing. Here we initiate the systematic study of experimental quantum physics from the perspective of computational complexity. To this end, we define the framework of quantum algorithmic measurements (QUALMs), a hybrid of black box quantum algorithms and interactive protocols. We use the QUALM framework to study two important experimental problems in quantum many-body physics: determining whether a system’s Hamiltonian is time-independent or time-dependent, and determining the symmetry class of the dynamics of the system. We study abstractions of these problems and show for both cases that if the experimentalist can use her experimental samples coherently (in both space and time), a provable exponential speedup is achieved compared to the standard situation in which each experimental sample is accessed separately. Our work suggests that quantum computers can provide a new type of exponential advantage: exponential savings in resources in quantum experiments.