bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solving the one-dimensional time-independent Schrödinger equation with high accuracy: The LagrangeMesh Mathematica® package
Authors: del Valle J. C.
Published: May 2023

In order to find the spectrum associated with the one-dimensional Schrödinger equation, we discuss the Lagrange Mesh Method (LMM) and its numerical implementation. After presenting a general overview of the theory behind the LMM, we introduce the LagrangeMesh package: the numerical implementation of the LMM in Mathematica[Formula: see text]. Using few lines of code, the package enables a quick home-computer and highly accurate computation of the spectrum and provides a practical tool to study a large class of systems in quantum mechanics. The main properties of the package are (i) the input is the potential function and the interval on which it is defined; and (ii) the accuracy in calculations and final results is controllable by the user. Due to its high accuracy and simple usage, the package may be used as a research and educational tool. As illustration, a highly accurate spectrum of some relevant quantum systems is obtained by employing the commands that the package offers.
Influence of the two-dimensional density of states on the temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity oscillations in heterostructures with quantum wells
Authors: Erkaboev Ulugbek , Rakhimov Rustamjon , Mirzaev Jasurbek , Negmatov Ulugbek , Sayidov Nozimjon
Published: May 2023

In this work, the influence of two-dimensional state density on oscillations of transverse electrical conductivity in heterostructures with rectangular quantum wells is investigated. A new analytical expression is derived for calculating the temperature dependence of the transverse electrical conductivity oscillation and the magnetoresistance of a quantum well. For the first time, a mechanism has been developed for oscillating the transverse electrical conductivity and magnetoresistance of a quantum well from the first-order derivative of the magnetic field (differential) [Formula: see text] at low temperatures and weak magnetic fields. The oscillations of electrical conductivity and magnetoresistance of a narrow-band quantum well with a nonparabolic dispersion law are investigated. The proposed theory investigated the results of experiments of a narrow-band quantum well (InxGa[Formula: see text]Sb).
The isomorphism problem of projective schemes and related algorithmic problems
Authors: Yasuda Takehiko
Published: May 2023

We discuss the isomorphism problem of projective schemes; given two projective schemes, can we algorithmically decide whether they are isomorphic? We give affirmative answers in the case of one-dimensional projective schemes, the case of smooth irreducible varieties with a big canonical sheaf or a big anti-canonical sheaf, and the case of K3 surfaces with a finite automorphism group. As related algorithmic problems, we also discuss decidability of positivity properties of invertible sheaves, and approximation of the nef cone and the pseudo-effective cone.
Global Optimization of Medium Low-Speed Maglev Train-Bridge Dynamic System Based on Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm
Authors: Li Dexiang , Huang Jingyu , Cao Qiang , Zhang Ziyang
Published: May 2023

Medium low-speed maglev trains cause coupling vibration when moving over flexible bridges, which has a detrimental effect on the overall system. To effectively improve the global performance of the train-bridge system, this study proposes a parameter optimization approach that integrates a numerical model, a neural network, and a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm. A three-car maglev train-bridge coupling system is first modeled based on finite element, multi-body dynamics, and the levitation control theory. Based on this, the dynamic response and parameter sensitivity of the system is investigated using simulation analysis and the Sobol method. To enhance the optimization efficiency, an improved neural network is employed to simulate the nonlinear relationship between key parameters and dynamic performance, thereby surrogating the numerical model. The NSGA-III algorithm with a reference point mechanism is used to search for the optimal solution of the key parameters. Finally, simulation experiments verify the validity and accuracy of the neural network and the optimization results. This approach takes into account the coupling effect between multiple parameters and significantly enhances the computational efficiency compared with traditional rail transportation optimization methods. The dynamic response of the maglev system, considering the car-body flexibility, demonstrates that the optimization approach effectively improves the safety and stability of the train and further reduces the negative effect of the car-body’s elastic vibration on the operation quality.
Global well-posedness for the nonlinear generalized parabolic Anderson model equation
Authors: Zhang Qi
Published: May 2023

We study the global existence of the singular nonlinear parabolic Anderson model equation on [Formula: see text]-dimensional tours [Formula: see text]. The method is based on paracontrolled distribution and renormalization. After splitting the original nonlinear parabolic Anderson model equation into two simple equations, we prove the global well-posedness by some a priori estimates and smooth approximations. Furthermore, we prove the uniqueness of the solution by using classical energy estimates.
Mean-CVaR Portfolio Optimization Models based on Chance Theory
Authors: Chennaf Souad , Ben Amor Jaleleddine
Published: May 2023

The indeterminacy of financial markets leads investors to face different types of security returns. Usually, security returns are assumed to be random variables when sufficient transaction data are available. If data are missing, they can be regarded as uncertain variables. However, uncertainty and randomness coexist. In this situation, chance theory is the main tool to deal with this complex phenomenon. This paper investigates the conditional value at risk (CVaR) of uncertain random variables and its application to portfolio selection. First, we define the CVaR of uncertain random variables and discuss some of its mathematical properties. Then, we propose an uncertain random simulation to approximate the CVaR. Next, we define the inverse function of the CVaR of uncertain random variables, as well as a computational procedure. As an application in finance, we establish uncertain random mean-CVaR portfolio selection models. We also perform a numerical example to illustrate the applicability of the proposed models. Finally, we numerically compare the mean-CVaR models with the mean-variance models with respect to the optimal investment strategy.
Green Synthesis, Characterization and Biocompatibility Study of Quercetin-Functionalized Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Aiswarriya G. R. , Gayathri R. , Priya Veeraraghavan Vishnu , Sankaran Kavitha , Prakash Francis Arul
Published: May 2023

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) occupy a major part in biomedicine due to their unique physicochemical and biological properties including anti-microbial and anti-cancer activity. Evolvulus alsinoides (EA), commonly known as “Dwarf morning glory”, is a flowering plant with unique medicinal properties. This plant is reported for its therapeutic significance in chronic bronchitis, asthma and even possesses higher pharmacological properties. In this study, we have reported the synthesis and biological properties of quercetin functionalized biogenic silver nanoparticles (Qur-EA-AgNPs). AgNPs were synthesized using EA Leaf extract and functionalized with Quercetin. Qur-EA-AgNPs were characterized using various techniques and their biocompatibility was investigated. The UV-Visible spectrum of EA-AgNPs revealed a maximum absorbance at 428[Formula: see text]nm and quercetin functionalization results in a shift towards 390[Formula: see text]nm. The intense peak in the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra revealed the quercetin functionalization on EA-AgNPs. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) results confirmed the spherical morphology of quercetin-functionalized AgNPs with a size range around 20[Formula: see text]nm which was further confirmed by High resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum evidenced the presence of Ag, C and O. Hemocompatibility of Qur-EA-AgNPs was confirmed from hemolytic assay showing [Formula: see text]5% hemolysis. Moreover, Annexin V PI assay on Qur-EA-AgNPs treated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) showed 78.58 % viability significantly which is comparable with the control cells and its biocompatible nature was proved.
A Historical-Structural Understanding of Political Decay
Authors: Yuan Chao , Xin Ge
Published: May 2023

The past few years have seen severe political decay in a number of countries across the world, having attracted wide attention from the international community. While existing research has delved into the causes of political decay from both internal and external perspectives, there has been a notable lack of attention given to the disproportionate influence wielded by armed forces, political parties, and bureaucrats. Taking the case of Egypt as an example, we demonstrate how the interplay between the military, parties and bureaucrats created a stable nexus that contributes to prolonged political decay. Furthermore, we draw comparisons between the well-known case of civil–military relations in Thailand and that of Egypt, highlighting how the social cognition forged in the historical process may contribute to the political power imbalance that makes it difficult for some countries to escape political decline. This research provides novel insights into understanding political decay in certain countries, shedding light on the complex dynamics at play and offering potential avenues for addressing this pressing issue.
Noninvasive Brachial Artery Mechanics and Endothelial Function
Authors: Drzewiecki Gary
Published: May 2023

It has been recognized that endothelial dysfunction is an early indication of Arterial disease. Endothelial function can be noninvasively evaluated by Inducing a temporary increase in blood flow and then observing the degree of vasodilation response or flow-mediated dilation. Impaired flow mediated vasodilation is then an indication of impaired endothelium. Vascular ultrasound Imaging has been the typical approach to access vasodilation by flow-mediated dilation most often at the brachial artery. Together with other measures of cardiovascular risk, the flow-mediated dilation response provides a very early noninvasive screen for cardiovascular disease. The skill and equipment required for brachial artery ultrasound imaging have limited the use of flow-mediated dilation as a routine medical test. Moreover, it has been recognized that other vascular parameters such as vessel size and blood pressure may influence the test itself.

We have introduced a potential solution to the routine measurement of flow-mediated dilation by Analyzing the response of a simple occlusive arm cuff to obtain the Brachial Artery diameter in a noninvasive way. The analysis for occlusive cuff Plethysmography was provided here in a calibrated manner. This approach is an alternative to ultrasound flow-mediated dilation testing. It requires no special operator skills and may be automated for precision.

Two experimental evaluations of the proposed cuff method are provided. First, The cuff- based brachial diameters were compared to Ultrasound obtained diameters. Second, as a sensitivity test, the cuff-based dilation test was used to measure the dilation response of several subjects to blood sugar loading. For further evaluation, the cuff-based measurements were applied to a mechanical model of the brachial artery to reveal a standard error of estimate less than 5%. The results show that the cuff-based diameters compare well to those obtained via ultrasound imaging. Moreover, the cuff-based dilation testing showed the expected reduction in endothelial function response due to a blood sugar load. Additionally, cuff-based flow-mediated dilation testing provides measurements as a function of the subject blood pressure, which Ultrasound generally cannot.
Collaborative Optimization of English Online Teaching Informatization Based on Intelligent Multimedia Image Technology
Authors: Tu Haihua
Published: May 2023

With the rapid development of computer technology and the deepening of educational concepts, the traditional English teaching methods have also changed. As a new teaching method, online teaching has received extensive attention. Online teaching has introduced intelligent multimedia image technology in English teaching, which has transformed the essence of English teaching by organically integrating traditional teaching and multimedia teaching. With the rapid growth of Internet and intelligent multimedia image technology, the number of digital images is growing exponentially. How to extract the required image from the large amount of multimedia image data has been an important topic at present. In this case, intelligent multimedia image technology emerges as the times require, which extracts the features of the image from the content of the image itself, and then retrieves it through the features. This article proposed a retrieval and classification method based on intelligent multimedia image technology. Among them, Support Vector Machine (SVM) was used to classify multimedia resources, which had a good effect. The results of this experiment showed that before the experiment, the listening score of the multimedia group was 65.5, and the speaking score was 59.7. After the experiment, the listening score of the multimedia group was 79.8, and the speaking score was 80.6. It can be found that the performance of the multimedia group has been greatly improved after the experiment, which shows that online English teaching based on intelligent multimedia image technology is more conducive to the improvement of students’ academic performance.
DeapSea: Workflow-Supported Serious Game Design for Stroke Rehabilitation
Authors: Baranyi René
Published: May 2023

The design and development of a serious game are complex due to different and often numerous stakeholders involved. Different guidelines for general best practices exist, but those are not specific and often do not include therapists or patients as essential stakeholders especially in the context of individualisation of a serious games. Although there are a lot of serious games in the area of (stroke) rehabilitation, design guidelines and indications of what is important are quite scarce. Identifying individualisation possibilities to adapt a serious game to the specific needs of patients was identified to support and improve the design and outcome of serious game development. A literature research and the analysis of previously designed serious games created the foundation for this research. The identified configuration possibilities, additional requirements, and the developed workflow were then evaluated with the gathered insights of therapists trough an online survey. 20 generic configuration possibilities for therapists, as well as seven requirements, were identified and are presented, which can be used when designing a serious game in the context of stroke. In addition a workflow, called “DeapSea” is proposed for supporting the design as well. These results should be used as an addition to already established design recommendations to deliver an adaptable and flexible serious game in the area of stroke—helping to fulfill individual patient needs from the point of therapists and other involved medical stakeholders within the rehabilitation process.
A Community-Level Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice about Dengue Fever and the Identification of Mosquito Breeding Containers in Dire Dawa City of Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kebede Taye , Tesema Bedasa , Mesfin Akalu , Getachew Dejene
Published: May 2023

Background. Lately, dengue fever (DF) is an emerging viral disease, one of the top 10 threats to global health, causing 24 million–130 million symptomatic cases and 10,000–50,000 deaths yearly. DF threat has expanded beyond traditional areas of endemicity, with over 50% of the world population now estimated to live in areas at risk of dengue virus (DV) transmission. Hence, the current study aimed to assess the community’s knowledge, attitude, and practice about DF transmission and its prevention and to identify mosquito breeding containers in Dire Dawa City, Ethiopia. Methods. A household-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to September 2022. A semistructured questionnaire was used to collect data. Immature stages of mosquitoes were collected from human habitations to identify their breeding containers. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. A

p

value of <0.05 was used to declare a significant association between variables at a 95% level of confidence. Results. About 95.1% of respondents had information about DF, where the majority (58.0%) heard from relatives, friends, and families and 43.3% from health professionals. Only 17.9% knew DF was caused by viruses. Around 83%, 79%, and 50.8% of respondents knew that fever, headache, and back pain are the sign and symptoms of DF, respectively. Sadly, only 4.2% knew that DF vectors bite during day time and 10.5% of respondents did not know DF transmission season. The majority (80.5%) of respondents knew that DF is a preventable disease. Totally, 6,853 water-holding containers were identified, out of this 77% were jerrycans and 14.1% were barreled. Out of the identified water-holding containers, 7.73% were positive for mosquito larvae/pupae. House index (HI), container index (CI), and Breteau index (BI) were 19.5, 8.38, and 45.14, respectively. Conclusion. The majority of the community members has no awareness of the DF vectors, time of bites, pick transmission season, and their protection mechanisms. The habit to store water in and around habitation was prevalent. Hence, programmed and institutionalized awareness is mandatory for the control and prevention of DF and its vectors and for breaking the transmission cycle in Dire Dawa communities.
Computational Approach for Differential Equations with Local and Nonlocal Fractional-Order Differential Operators
Authors: Kamran  , Gul Ujala , Alotaibi Fahad M. , Shah Kamal , Abdeljawad Thabet
Published: May 2023

Laplace transform has been used for solving differential equations of fractional order either PDEs or ODEs. However, using the Laplace transform sometimes leads to solutions in Laplace space that are not readily invertible to the real domain by analytical techniques. Therefore, numerical inversion techniques are then used to convert the obtained solution from Laplace domain into time domain. Various famous methods for numerical inversion of Laplace transform are based on quadrature approximation of Bromwich integral. The key features are the contour deformation and the choice of the quadrature rule. In this work, the Gauss–Hermite quadrature method and the contour integration method based on the trapezoidal and midpoint rule are tested and evaluated according to the criteria of applicability to actual inversion problems, applicability to different types of fractional differential equations, numerical accuracy, computational efficiency, and ease of programming and implementation. The performance and efficiency of the methods are demonstrated with the help of figures and tables. It is observed that the proposed methods converge rapidly with optimal accuracy without any time instability.
Construction of Te-ZnO@S-g-C3N4 Heterojunction Nanocomposites for the Efficient Removal of Methylene Blue, Antifungal Activity, and Adsorption of Cr(VI) Ion
Authors: Aroosh Komal , Javed Mohsin , Hussain Nadia , Alhujaily Ahmad , Iqbal Shahid , Alotaibi Mohammed T. , Faizan Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Shuaib , Bahadur Ali , Qayyum Muhammad Abdul , Awwad Nasser S. , Jazaa Yosef , Al-Fawzan Foziah F. , Elkaeed Eslam B.
Published: May 2023

Heterojunctions have proven to be effective catalysts for removing organic pollutants and heavy metals from wastewater. The following study is also about the formation of 2D heterojunction tellurium-doped zinc oxide composite with sulfur-doped graphitic carbon nitride (Te-ZnO@S-g-C3N4) by adopting a low-cost, simple, and ecofriendly coprecipitation technique. Thiourea was calcined to prepare S-g-C3N4 using the thermal degradation method. The characterization of synthesized photocatalysts was carried out by using SEM-EDX, FTIR, and XRD. The results obtained showed that the incorporation of tellurium caused an alteration in the wurtzite structure of ZnO. SEM-EDX analysis validated the purity of the synthesized samples due to the absence of any additional peaks. The decrease in the bandgap was also noted by the formation of composites. Using methylene blue as a reference dye, the UV-vis spectrophotometer was utilized to calculate the absorbance for photocatalytic degradation behavior. As a result of tellurium doping into the ZnO lattice, photocatalytic oxidation/reduction was improved, according to the results. 3Te-ZnO NPs showed the best degradation rate among dopant series, while an excellent overall degradation rate was noted by fabricated composite 3Te-ZnO@40S-g-C3N4. The best doped ZnO and composites were also used as sorbents for the abstraction of heavy metal (Cr(VI)) from water via adsorption. A definite rise in the removal efficiency percentage of chromium ions was observed by using these sorbents. The overall photo degradation rate and adsorption behavior noted were in ZnO<Te-ZnO<Te-ZnO@S-g-C3N4 order. When compared to ZnO, Te-ZnO, SCN, and Te-ZnO@40SCN, the 3Te-ZnO@40SCN NCs have outstanding antifungal potential. The improved dispersibility and interaction of 3Te-ZnO@40SCN with membrane and intracellular proteins of fungi may be the cause of the greater effect of Te-ZnO@40SCN.
Sustainable Employability of Emergency Nurses: The Effects of Precarious Work and Mental Toughness on Capabilities and Mental Health
Authors: Barnard Neil B. , Rothmann Sebastiaan , de Beer Leon T. , Lubbe Welma
Published: May 2023

Studying the sustainable employability of emergency nurses is important, given the precarious environment in which they work. This study used a cross-sectional survey of 204 emergency nursing professionals to investigate their sustainable employability in a South African context from the perspectives of precarious work, mental toughness, capabilities, and mental health. The Precarity Position Profile, Mental Toughness Questionnaire-Short Form, Capability Set for Work Questionnaire, and Flourishing-at-Work Scale-Short Form were administered. Three precarious work dimensions negatively predicted emergency nurses’ capabilities. Significantly, precarious work conditions and professional development were associated with most work capabilities. Emergency nurses’ capability set positively affected their mental health, with mental toughness moderating the effect of poor salary (a component of precarious work) on capabilities. Precariousness regarding salary, work conditions, and professional development affected emergency nurses’ mental health indirectly and negatively through a poor capability set, while mental toughness indirectly and positively affected their mental health through a strong capability set.
Insulin Resistance in relation to Hypertension and Dyslipidaemia among Men Clinically Diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Alidu Huseini , Dapare Peter Paul Mwinsanga , Quaye Lawrence , Amidu Nafiu , Bani Simon Bannison , Banyeh Moses
Published: May 2023

Pathophysiologically, type 2 diabetes can result from insulin resistance or insulin insufficiency alone. It is unclear whether relative insulin shortage or pronounced insulin resistance is linked to poor cardiometabolic problems like obesity. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between insulin resistance (IR), hypertension, and dyslipidaemia, in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. One hundred and twenty‐one (121) type 2 diabetic men participated in this cross‐sectional study, which was conducted between September 2018 and September 2019. Sociodemographic information was collected using a self‐designed questionnaire. Anthropometric data were also taken and blood samples collected for estimation of insulin, glucose, and lipid concentrations. HOMA‐IR was calculated from the fasting insulin and glucose values, and a HOMA − IR ≥ 2 was considered to indicate insulin resistance. Of the 121 participants, 39.7% were classified as insulin‐resistant. Levels of total cholesterol (4.82 ± 1.2 mmol/L; p = 0.007 vs. 4.25 ± 1.1 mmol/L), LDL cholesterol (3.17 ± 0.9 mmol/L; p = 0.001 vs. 2.52 ± 0.8 mmol/L), and TC/HDL‐C ratio (3.93 ± 0.9; p = 0.042 vs. 3.58 ± 0.9) and the prevalence of abnormal LDL‐C (14.6%; p = 0.015 vs. 2.7%) and elevated BP (83.3%; p = 0.048 vs. 67.1%) were higher in the insulin‐resistant group. LDL cholesterol (AUC = 0.670; p = 0.001) better classified subjects as being insulin‐resistant compared to other lipid markers. The odds of insulin resistance in dyslipidaemia were not statistically significant after adjusting for obesity. The link between insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia and hypertension in male diabetics may thus be mediated by obesity.
Melatonin‐Attenuated Oxidative Stress in High‐Risk Pregnant Women Receiving Enoxaparin and Aspirin
Authors: Azarmehr Nahid , Porhemat Roghayeh , Roustaei Narges , Radmanesh Esmat , Moslemi Zahra , Vanda Razieh , Barmoudeh Zahra , Eslamnik Parvinsadat , Doustimotlagh Amir Hossein
Published: May 2023

Objective. In pregnancy, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress is important. Administration of melatonin during pregnancy can improve reproductive performance by improving the placental antioxidant system and inflammatory response. This investigation was carried out to evaluate the beneficial impact of melatonin on the oxidative stress state among high‐risk pregnant women receiving enoxaparin and aspirin. Methods. In this double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial, 40 pregnant women, aged 15–45 years at 6 weeks of pregnancy, were randomly selected and divided into intervention and control groups. The control group received prophylaxis enoxaparin and aspirin once daily between 6 and 16 weeks of pregnancy. The intervention group was taken enoxaparin and aspirin for 9 weeks and melatonin once daily from the sixth week of pregnancy to delivery time. Blood samples were taken to measure some oxidative stress biomarkers including total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), total thiol (T‐SH), protein carbonyl (PCO), and nitric oxide (NO). The level of high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) was also determined. Results. TAC and T‐SH levels increased significantly in the intervention group in comparison with the control group. Melatonin administration compared to the control group led to a significantly decreased level of NO and an insignificant hs‐CRP level. Conclusion. Melatonin supplementation in high‐risk pregnancy had favorable effects on TAC, T‐SH, NO, and hs‐CRP levels, improved antioxidant activity, and reduced inflammation. More studies are needed in different pregnancy conditions along with the measurement of different biomarkers.
Baccharis dracunculifolia DC (Asteraceae) Root Extract and Its Triterpene Baccharis Oxide Display Topical Anti‐Inflammatory Effects on Different Mice Ear Edema Models
Authors: Ferreira Everton Allan , Queiroz Lucas Sales , Silva Facchini Gabriella de Faria , Guedes Maria Clara Machado Resende , Macedo Gilson Costa , Sousa Orlando Vieira de , Da Silva Filho Ademar A.
Published: May 2023

B. dracunculifolia is popularly used to treat skin diseases. This work aimed to evaluate the topical anti‐inflammatory properties of B. dracunculifolia root extract (BdR) and its major compound baccharis oxide (BOx) on mice ear edema models. BdR was analyzed by GC‐MS, and BOx was isolated by chromatographic fractionation. Topical anti‐inflammatory activities were determined by using the croton oil, capsaicin, histamine, and phenol‐induced mouse ear edema models. N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐ glucosaminidase (NAG) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities, as well as NO dosage and histopathological analyses, were also evaluated. Phytochemical analysis of BdR showed BOx as one of the major constituents. BdR and BOx (both at 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/ear) significantly reduced croton oil, histamine, and phenol‐induced ear edema, while only BOx was effective in reducing capsaicin‐induced edema. MPO and NAG activities, as well as NO production, were significantly inhibited by BdR and BOx. Histopathological analysis confirmed the topical anti‐inflammatory properties of BdR and BOx. Our findings showed that BdR and BOx demonstrated significant topical anti‐inflammatory effects in mouse ear edema induced by different agents, suggesting their possible application on skin inflammatory diseases.
Supplementary Fig. 1 from Combination Treatment with Sipuleucel-T and Abiraterone Acetate or Enzalutamide for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: STAMP and STRIDE Trials
Authors: Antonarakis Emmanuel S. , Subudhi Sumit K. , Pieczonka Christopher M. , Karsh Lawrence I. , Quinn David I. , Hafron Jason M. , Wilfehrt Helen M. , Harmon Matthew , Sheikh Nadeem A. , Shore Neal D. , Petrylak Daniel P.
Published: May 2023

Supplementary Fig 1 Analysis of Survival by Baseline Median PSA across the two studies using the study-specific median and quartiles.
Supplementary Table 1 from Metastatic Prostate Cancers with BRCA2 versus ATM Mutations Exhibit Divergent Molecular Features and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Hwang Justin , Shi Xiaolei , Elliott Andrew , Arnoff Taylor E. , McGrath Julie , Xiu Joanne , Walker Phillip , Bergom Hannah E. , Day Abderrahman , Ahmed Shihab , Tape Sydney , Makovec Allison , Ali Atef , Shaker Rami M. , Toye Eamon , Passow Rachel , Lozada John R. , Wang Jinhua , Lou Emil , Mouw Kent W. , Carneiro Benedito A. , Heath Elisabeth I. , McKay Rana R. , Korn W. Michael , Nabhan Chadi , Ryan Charles J. , Antonarakis Emmanuel S.
Published: May 2023

Composition and rates of all detectable genomic features detectable through the Caris diagnostic platform.
Supplementary Data 1 from Combination Treatment with Sipuleucel-T and Abiraterone Acetate or Enzalutamide for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: STAMP and STRIDE Trials
Authors: Antonarakis Emmanuel S. , Subudhi Sumit K. , Pieczonka Christopher M. , Karsh Lawrence I. , Quinn David I. , Hafron Jason M. , Wilfehrt Helen M. , Harmon Matthew , Sheikh Nadeem A. , Shore Neal D. , Petrylak Daniel P.
Published: May 2023

Supplementary Data for Antonarakis et al
Supplementary Figure 3 from Metastatic Prostate Cancers with BRCA2 versus ATM Mutations Exhibit Divergent Molecular Features and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Hwang Justin , Shi Xiaolei , Elliott Andrew , Arnoff Taylor E. , McGrath Julie , Xiu Joanne , Walker Phillip , Bergom Hannah E. , Day Abderrahman , Ahmed Shihab , Tape Sydney , Makovec Allison , Ali Atef , Shaker Rami M. , Toye Eamon , Passow Rachel , Lozada John R. , Wang Jinhua , Lou Emil , Mouw Kent W. , Carneiro Benedito A. , Heath Elisabeth I. , McKay Rana R. , Korn W. Michael , Nabhan Chadi , Ryan Charles J. , Antonarakis Emmanuel S.
Published: May 2023

AR activities and NEPC signatures in ATM- and BRCA2- mutated tumors.
Data from Combination Treatment with Sipuleucel-T and Abiraterone Acetate or Enzalutamide for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: STAMP and STRIDE Trials
Authors: Antonarakis Emmanuel S. , Subudhi Sumit K. , Pieczonka Christopher M. , Karsh Lawrence I. , Quinn David I. , Hafron Jason M. , Wilfehrt Helen M. , Harmon Matthew , Sheikh Nadeem A. , Shore Neal D. , Petrylak Daniel P.
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose: We present long-term outcomes from two randomized studies (STAMP [with abiraterone, NCT01487863] and STRIDE [with enzalutamide, NCT01981122]) that were performed to study the impact of sequential or concurrent administration of ARTAs on sipuleucel-T immune response and overall survival (OS) in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Experimental design: Sipuleucel-T was administered per current prescribing information. Results from STRIDE are presented together with updated STAMP results. Survival status of patients was updated using demographic information to query the National Death Index (NDI). Kaplan–Meier methodology was used to analyze survival. Results: Updated data reduced patient censoring in each study compared with the original analyses; the 95% CIs for OS are now estimable. Updated median OS (95% CI) is 33.3 (24.1–40.7) months for STAMP and 32.5 (26.0–45.1) months for STRIDE. There was no notable impact on median OS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.727 [0.458–1.155]; P=0.177, reference = STRIDE). OS with sequential administration was similar to concurrent administration (NDI update: HR, 0.963 [0.639–1.453]; P=0.845, reference = concurrent arm). Sipuleucel-T potency, measured as antigen-presenting cell activation, was higher in subsequent infusions compared with the first infusion. Humoral responses (IgG + IgM antibody titers) to PA2024 and prostatic acid phosphatase were significantly elevated vs baseline. No new safety signals were observed. Conclusions: Median OS was consistent regardless of whether the agents were administered sequentially or concurrently, including after NDI update. Results suggest that sipuleucel-T induces an immunologic prime-boost effect after initial sipuleucel-T exposure, even when combined with ARTAs.
Roadkill records of two civet species on National Highway 715 passing through Kaziranga-Karbi Anglong landscape complex, Assam, India
Authors: Sur Somoyita , Saikia Prasanta Kumar , Saikia Malabika Kakati
Published: May 2023

This study was conducted on a continuous 64-km stretch of National Highway (NH) 715, which bifurcates the Kaziranga-Karbi Anglong landscape complex, with Kaziranga National Park on its southern side and North Karbi Anglong Wildlife Sanctuary on the northern side. The survey was carried out from October 2017 to September 2018 via two-way journeys three days a week, with two observers using a motor vehicle at a steady speed of 25–35 km/hour. Roadkill reports of one Large Indian Civet Viverra zibetha and six Small Indian Civets Viverricula indica were collected. Both the species are solitary and nocturnal, and prefer to inhabit secondary landscapes intermingled with human habitation. This stretch of NH 715 forms a crucial passage for wildlife foraging and breeding, and this study reflects the impacts of roads causing wildlife-vehicle collision for two civet species.
Association of Arterial Stiffness and Atherosclerotic Burden With Brain Structural Changes Among Japanese Men
Authors: Azahar Nazar M. , Yano Yuichiro , Kadota Aya , Shiino Akihiko , Syaifullah Ali H. , Miyagawa Naoko , Kondo Keiko , Moniruzzaman Mohammad , Torii Sayuki , Segawa Hiroyoshi , Hisamatsu Takashi , Fujiyoshi Akira , Nozaki Kazuhiko , Tooyama Ikuo , Ueshima Hirotsugu , Miura Katsuyuki ,   for the SESSA Research Group
Published: May 2023

Background

Little is known regarding whether arterial stiffness and atherosclerotic burden are each independently associated with brain structural changes. Simultaneous assessments of both arterial stiffness and atherosclerotic burden in associations with brain could provide insights into the mechanisms of brain structural changes.

Methods and Results

Using data from the SESSA (Shiga Epidemiological Study of Subclinical Atherosclerosis), we analyzed data among 686 Japanese men (mean [SD] age, 67.9 [8.4] years; range, 46–83 years) free from history of stroke and myocardial infarction. Brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity and coronary artery calcification on computed tomography scans were measured between March 2010 and August 2014. Brain volumes (total brain volume, gray matter, Alzheimer disease signature and prefrontal) and brain vascular damage (white matter hyperintensities) were quantified using brain magnetic resonance imaging from January 2012 through February 2015. In multivariable adjustment models including mean arterial pressure, when brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity and coronary artery calcification were entered into the same models, the β (95% CI) for Alzheimer disease signature volume for each 1‐SD increase in brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity was −0.33 (−0.64 to −0.02), and the unstandardized β (95% CI) for white matter hyperintensities for each 1‐unit increase in coronary artery calcification was 0.68 (0.05–1.32). Brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity and coronary artery calcification were not statistically significantly associated with total brain and gray matter volumes.

Conclusions

Among Japanese men, higher arterial stiffness was associated with lower Alzheimer disease signature volumes, whereas higher atherosclerotic burden was associated with brain vascular damage. Arterial stiffness and atherosclerotic burden may be independently associated with brain structural changes via different pathways.
What Is the Optimal Mitral Valve Repair for Isolated Posterior Leaflet Prolapse to Achieve Long‐Term Durability?
Authors: Kakuta Takashi , Fukushima Satsuki , Minami Kimito , Kainuma Satoshi , Kawamoto Naonori , Tadokoro Naoki , Ikuta Ayumi , Tonai Kohei , Saiki Yoshikatsu , Fujita Tomoyuki
Published: May 2023

Background

This study assessed risk factors for mitral regurgitation (MR) recurrence or functional mitral stenosis during long‐term follow‐up in patients undergoing mitral valve repair for isolated posterior mitral leaflet prolapse.

Methods and Results

We assessed a consecutive series of 511 patients who underwent primary mitral valve repair for isolated posterior leaflet prolapse between 2001 and 2021. Annuloplasty using a partial band was selected in 86.3%. The leaflet resection technique was used in 83.0%, whereas the chordal replacement without resection was used in 14.5%. Risk factors were analyzed for MR recurrence ≥grade 2 or functional mitral stenosis with mean transmitral pressure gradient ≥5 mm Hg using a multivariable Fine–Gray regression model. The 1‐, 5‐, and 10‐year cumulative incidence of MR ≥grade 2 was 7.8%, 22.7%, and 30.1%, respectively, whereas that of mean transmitral pressure gradient ≥5 mm Hg was 8.1%, 20.6%, and 29.3%, respectively. Risk factors for MR ≥grade 2 included chordal replacement without resection (hazard ratio [HR], 2.50,
P
<0.001) and larger prosthesis size (HR, 1.13,
P
=0.023), whereas factors for functional mitral stenosis were use of a full ring (partial band versus full ring, HR, 0.53,
P
=0.013), smaller prosthesis size (HR, 0.74,
P
<0.001), and larger body surface area (HR, 3.03,
P
=0.045). Both MR ≥grade 2 and mean transmitral pressure gradient ≥5 mm Hg at 1 year post surgery were significantly associated with the long‐term incidence of reoperation.

Conclusions

Leaflet resection with a large partial band may be an optimal strategy for isolated posterior mitral valve prolapse.
Local Government Debt and Firm Zombification: Evidence from China
Authors: He Yang , Ma Yun , Tang Meng , Wang Lu
Published: May 2023

We analyze the effects of local government debt on the proliferation of zombie firms. With aggregated prefecture-level debt data and firm-level data from 2006 to 2013, the empirical evidence demonstrates that the local government debt significantly exacerbates the “zombification” of local firms, mainly through the credit-favoritism to state-owned enterprises and capital misallocation. Our analysis also shows that the magnitude of zombification effects is influenced by debt liquidity and the primary functions of local government financing vehicles.
Sacred Texts and the First Myth about the Creation of Writing
Authors: Zgoll Annette
Published: May 2023

No myth about the origin of writing is known so far for Mesopotamia (only a legend). By applying the new Hylistic methodology for research into mythology, the first known myth of the creation of writing can be reconstructed. The myth we call Nissaba Creates Writing for the Sacred Song of Enlil narrates the creation of writing, which serves to immortalise the divine song at the very moment when the supreme god is creating it orally.

Results of this investigation bear important implications for two phenomena, concerning sacred texts and the origin of writing. (1) From an emic perspective, texts created by the gods turn out to be sacred, even numinous, in their conception. Further analysis of the subscript “Nissaba praise!” or of the subscript ka enim-ma, the latter properly understood as “wording of the divine words,” demonstrates that many Sumerian and Akkadian texts were indeed regarded as sacred texts. Ancient Mesopotamia thus proves to be a culture based on sacred texts. (2) The myth Nissaba Creates Writing for the Sacred Song of Enlil sheds new light on the origins of writing as perceived from the culture of the inventors of writing: the decisive function of the creation of writing was seen not in overcoming economic challenges, but in coping with ritual needs. Re-examining the historical evidence from this perspective opens up new possibilities for a cultural history of the origins of writing.
Military Activities or Law Enforcement Activities?: Reflections on the Dispute Concerning the Detention of Ukrainian Naval Vessels and Servicemen
Authors: Tanaka Yoshifumi
Published: May 2023

The interpretation of “disputes concerning military activities” under Article 298(1)(b) of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) rests on a sensitive balance between the protection of strategic interests of States and the need for peaceful settlement of international disputes. There, an essential issue arises how an adjudicative body acting under Part XV UNCLOS should assess the nature of conducts of State for the purposes of Article 298(1)(b). This issue was vividly raised in the dispute between Ukraine and the Russian Federation with regard to the detention of Ukrainian naval vessels and servicemen. In this regard, both the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) and the arbitral tribunal set out in accordance with Annex VII UNCLOS wrestled with this issue. This article examines the manner of the interpretation of the concept of the military activities for the purposes of Article 298(1)(b) by comparing the approaches taken by ITLOS and the Annex VII arbitral tribunal.
An assessment of Africa’s second-hand clothing value chain: a systematic review and research opportunities
Authors: Sumo Peter Davis , Arhin Ishmael , Danquah Richard , Nelson Samuel Kortu , Achaa Lydia Osarfo , Nweze Chiamaka Nneoma , Cai Liling , Ji Xiaofen
Published: May 2023

A rapid change in fast fashion has significantly accelerated the expansion of the volume of discarded clothing across the globe. Africa is the world’s largest destination for second-hand clothes (SHC, sometimes known as ‘Mitumba’). However, fewer studies have been conducted on Africa’s SHC, making it challenging to evaluate the impact of the market and its value chain. This study examines the economic contribution and assessment of the SHC value chain and the resulting environmental challenges, identifies the trends of scholarly discourse on the topic in Africa, examines their methodologies and develops future research opportunities. The study shows that the SHC trade is an essential supply chain connecting developed and developing countries and a valuable clothing consumption alternative for people experiencing economic decline, poverty and low purchasing power. SHC is crucial in delivering fashion products to customers in underdeveloped African countries. It also creates job opportunities for hundreds of thousands of people in the trade, distribution, repairs, laundry services and upcycling. Results further show that Africans are being enriched with new skills and knowledge of the SHC trade, which is expected to help grow and promote small- to medium-sized enterprises. However, poorly made Mitumba become unmarketable, creating environmental challenges in cities across the continent. The study found fewer empirical studies, due largely to limited data on Africa’s SHC trade. This calls for more empirical studies to scale the SHC trade in the region, expand the boundaries of entrepreneurial opportunities for Africa to interact with the global market, and alleviate the widespread problem of extreme poverty while also addressing the environmental challenges posed by SHC.
Privation, Teleology, and the Metaphysics of Evil
Authors: Lombardo Nicholas E.
Published: May 2023

Drawing inspiration from Pseudo-Dionysius, Maximus the Confessor, and Thomas Aquinas, and in support of the definition of evil as the privation of being or goodness, this article proposes a complementary definition of evil. It argues that evil can be defined as the non-advancement of being, appetite, or natural inclination toward its proper perfection or completion. First, it explains what this definition entails, elaborates on its implications, and defends its plausibility. Second, it discusses typical objections to the privation account and shows how defining evil relative to appetite can help overcome them.
Theologically Shoring Up the Law of the Sea
Authors: George William P.
Published: May 2023

In Laudato Si’, Pope Francis highlights the oceans as integral to our threatened common home and stresses the need for more effective ocean governance. Theologians can help to meet that need. By turning their attention to the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and its further development, and by practicing “ocean empathy,” they can join ocean scientists, NGOs, international lawyers, and others in caring for the oceans by shoring up the law of the sea.
Cerebrovascular glycocalyx damage and microcirculation impairment in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: van Lanen Rick HGJ , Haeren Roel HL , Staals Julie , Dings Jim TA , Schijns Olaf EMG , Hoogland Govert , van Kuijk Sander MJ , Kapsokalyvas Dimitris , van Zandvoort Marc AMJ , Vink Hans , Rijkers Kim
Published: May 2023

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is increasingly associated with blood-brain barrier dysfunction and microvascular alterations, yet the pathophysiological link is missing. An important barrier function is exerted by the glycocalyx, a gel-like layer coating the endothelium. To explore such associations, we used intraoperative videomicroscopy to quantify glycocalyx and microcirculation properties of the neocortex and hippocampus of 15 patients undergoing resective brain surgery as treatment for drug-resistant TLE, and 15 non-epileptic controls. Fluorescent lectin staining of neocortex and hippocampal tissue was used for blood vessel surface area quantification. Neocortical perfused boundary region, the thickness of the glycocalyx’ impaired layer, was higher in patients (2.64 ± 0.52 µm) compared to controls (1.31 ± 0.29 µm), P < 0.01, indicative of reduced glycocalyx integrity in patients. Moreover, erythrocyte flow velocity analysis revealed an impaired ability of TLE patients to (de-)recruit capillaries in response to changing metabolic demands ( R2 = 0.75, P < 0.01), indicating failure of neurovascular coupling mechanisms. Blood vessel quantification comparison between intraoperative measurements and resected tissue showed strong correlation ( R2 = 0.94, P < 0.01). This is the first report on in vivo assessment of glycocalyx and microcirculation properties in TLE patients, confirming the pivotal role of cerebrovascular changes. Further assessment of the cerebral microcirculation in relation to epileptogenesis might open avenues for new therapeutic targets for drug-resistant epilepsy.