bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shared roles for Scl and Lyl1 in murine platelet production and function
Authors: Chiu Sung K. , Orive Stephanie L. , Moon Mitchell J. , Saw Jesslyn , Ellis Sarah , Kile Benjamin T. , Huang Yizhou , Chacon Diego , Pimanda John E. , Beck Dominik , Hamilton Justin R. , Tremblay Cedric S. , Curtis David J.
Published: July 2019

The stem cell leukemia (Scl or Tal1) protein forms part of a multimeric transcription factor complex required for normal megakaryopoiesis. However, unlike other members of this complex such as Gata1, Fli1, and Runx1, mutations of Scl have not been observed as a cause of inherited thrombocytopenia. We postulated that functional redundancy with its closely related family member, lymphoblastic leukemia 1 (Lyl1) might explain this observation. To determine whether Lyl1 can substitute for Scl in megakaryopoiesis, we examined the platelet phenotype of mice lacking 1 or both factors in megakaryocytes. Conditional Scl knockout (KO) mice crossed with transgenic mice expressing Cre recombinase under the control of the mouse platelet factor 4 (Pf4) promoter generated megakaryocytes with markedly reduced but not absent Scl. These Pf4Sclc-KO mice had mild thrombocytopenia and subtle defects in platelet aggregation. However, Pf4Sclc-KO mice generated on an Lyl1-null background (double knockout [DKO] mice) had severe macrothrombocytopenia, abnormal megakaryocyte morphology, defective pro-platelet formation, and markedly impaired platelet aggregation. DKO megakaryocytes, but not single-knockout megakaryocytes, had reduced expression of Gata1, Fli1, Nfe2, and many other genes that cause inherited thrombocytopenia. These gene expression changes were significantly associated with shared Scl and Lyl1 E-box binding sites that were also enriched for Gata1, Ets, and Runx1 motifs. Thus, Scl and Lyl1 share functional roles in platelet production by regulating expression of partner proteins including Gata1. We propose that this functional redundancy provides one explanation for the absence of Scl and Lyl1 mutations in inherited thrombocytopenia.
A critical role of the Gas6-Mer axis in endothelial dysfunction contributing to TA-TMA associated with GVHD
Authors: Furukawa Miki , Wang Xintao , Ohkawara Hiroshi , Fukatsu Masahiko , Alkebsi Lobna , Takahashi Hiroshi , Harada-Shirado Kayo , Shichishima-Nakamura Akiko , Kimura Satoshi , Ogawa Kazuei , Ikezoe Takayuki
Published: July 2019

Endothelial dysfunction in the early phases of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) contributes to a common pathology between transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), which are serious complications of HSCT. Growth arrest-specific (Gas) 6 structurally belongs to the family of plasma vitamin K-dependent proteins working as a cofactor for activated protein C, and has growth factor-like properties through its interaction with receptor tyrosine kinases of the TAM family: Tyro3, Axl, and Mer. Serum Gas6 levels were significantly increased in HSCT patients with grade II to IV acute GVHD (aGVHD), and Gas6 and Mer expression levels were upregulated in aGVHD lesions of the large intestine and skin. The increased serum Gas6 levels were also correlated with elevated lactate dehydrogenase, d-dimer, and plasmin inhibitor complex values in HSCT patients with aGVHD. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (ECs), exogenous Gas6 or the exposure of sera isolated from patients with grade III aGVHD to ECs induced the downregulation of thrombomodulin and the upregulation of PAI-1, as well as the upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, which were inhibited by UNC2250, a selective Mer tyrosine kinase inhibitor. In mouse HSCT models, we observed hepatic GVHD with hepatocellular apoptosis, necrosis, and fibrosis, as well as TA-TMA, which is characterized pathologically by thrombosis formation in the microvasculature of the liver and kidney. Of note, intravenous administration of UNC2250 markedly suppressed GVHD and TA-TMA in these mouse HSCT models. Our findings suggest that the Gas6-Mer axis is a promising target for TA-TMA after GVHD.
Genome-wide CRISPR screens reveal genetic mediators of cereblon modulator toxicity in primary effusion lymphoma
Authors: Patil Ajinkya , Manzano Mark , Gottwein Eva
Published: July 2019

Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screens represent a powerful approach to studying mechanisms of drug action and resistance. Cereblon modulating agents (CMs) have recently emerged as candidates for therapeutic intervention in primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), a highly aggressive cancer caused by Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. CMs bind to cereblon (CRBN), the substrate receptor of the cullin-RING type E3 ubiquitin ligase CRL4CRBN, and thereby trigger the acquisition and proteasomal degradation of neosubstrates. Downstream mechanisms of CM toxicity are incompletely understood, however. To identify novel CM effectors and mechanisms of CM resistance, we performed positive selection CRISPR screens using 3 CMs with increasing toxicity in PEL: lenalidomide (LEN), pomalidomide (POM), and CC-122. Results identified several novel modulators of the activity of CRL4CRBN. The number of genes whose inactivation confers resistance decreases with increasing CM efficacy. Only inactivation of CRBN conferred complete resistance to CC-122. Inactivation of the E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme UBE2G1 also conferred robust resistance against LEN and POM. Inactivation of additional genes, including the Nedd8-specific protease SENP8, conferred resistance to only LEN. SENP8 inactivation indirectly increased levels of unneddylated CUL4A/B, which limits CRL4CRBN activity in a dominant negative manner. Accordingly, sensitivity of SENP8-inactivated cells to LEN is restored by overexpression of CRBN. In sum, our screens identify several novel players in CRL4CRBN function and define pathways to CM resistance in PEL. These results provide rationale for increasing CM efficacy on patient relapse from a less-efficient CM. Identified genes could finally be developed as biomarkers to predict CM efficacy in PEL and other cancers.
Evaluation of diffusion-weighted MRI and (18F) fluorothymidine-PET biomarkers for early response assessment in patients with operable non-small cell lung cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Carlin Dominic , Weller Alexander , Kramer Gem , Liu Yan , Waterton John C , Chiti Arturo , Sollini Martina , Joop de Langen A , O’Brien Mary E R , Urbanowicz Maria , Jacobs Bart KM , deSouza Nandita
Published: July 2019

Objective:

To correlate changes in the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) from diffusion-weighted (DW)-MRI and standardised uptake value (SUV) from fluorothymidine (18FLT)-PET/CT with histopathological estimates of response in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and track longitudinal changes in these biomarkers in a multicentre, multivendor setting.

Methods:

14 patients with operable NSCLC recruited to a prospective, multicentre imaging trial (EORTC-1217) were treated with platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. 13 patients had DW-MRI and FLT-PET/CT at baseline (10 had both), 12 were re-imaged at Day 14 (eight dual-modality) and nine after completing chemotherapy, immediately before surgery (six dual-modality). Surgical specimens (haematoxylin-eosin and Ki67 stained) estimated the percentage of residual viable tumour/necrosis and proliferation index.

Results:

Despite the small numbers,significant findings were possible. ADCmedian increased (p < 0.001) and SUVmean decreased (p < 0.001) significantly between baseline and Day 14; changes between Day 14 and surgery were less marked. All responding tumours (>30% reduction in unidimensional measurement pre-surgery), showed an increase at Day 14 in ADC75th centile and reduction in total lesion proliferation (SUVmean x proliferative volume) greater than established measurement variability. Change in imaging biomarkers did not correlate with histological response (residual viable tumour, necrosis).

Conclusion:

Changes in ADC and FLT-SUV following neoadjuvant chemotherapy in NSCLC were measurable by Day 14 and preceded changes in unidimensional size but did not correlate with histopathological response. However, the magnitude of the changes and their utility in predicting (non-) response (tumour size/clinical outcome) remains to be established.

Advances in knowledge:

During treatment, ADC increase precedes size reductions, but does not reflect histopathological necrosis.
Lipidomics reveal the protective effects of a vegetable-derived isothiocyanate against retinal degeneration
Authors: Kwa Faith A. , Dulull Nabeela K. , Roessner Ute , Dias Daniel A. , Rupasinghe Thusitha W.
Published: July 2019

Background:Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness in the ageing population. Without effective treatment strategies that can prevent disease progression, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic interventions to reduce the burden of vision loss and improve patients’ quality of life. Dysfunctional innate immune responses to oxidative stress observed in AMD can be caused by the formation of oxidised lipids, whilst polyunsaturated fatty acids have shown to increase the risk of AMD and disease progression in affected individuals. Previously, our laboratory has shown that the vegetable-derived isothiocyanate, L-sulforaphane (LSF), can protect human adult pigment epithelial cells from oxidative damage by upregulating gene expression of the oxidative stress enzyme Glutathione-S-Transferase µ1. This study aims to validate the protective effects of LSF on human retinal cells under oxidative stress conditions and to reveal the key players in fatty acid and lipid metabolism that may facilitate this protection.

Methods:Thein vitrooxidative stress model of AMD was based on the exposure of an adult retinal pigment epithelium-19 cell line to 200µM hydrogen peroxide. Percentage cell proliferation following LSF treatment was measured using tetrazolium salt-based assays. Untargeted fatty acid profiling was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Untargeted lipid profiling was performed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Results:Under hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress conditions, LSF treatment induced dose-dependent cell proliferation. The key fatty acids that were increased by LSF treatment of the retinal cells include oleic acid and eicosatrienoic acid. LSF treatment also increased levels of the lipid classes phosphatidylcholine, cholesteryl ester and oxo-phytodienoic acid but decreased levels of phosphatidylethanolamine lipids.

Conclusions:We propose that retinal cells at risk of oxidative damage and apoptosis can be pre-conditioned with LSF to regulate levels of selected fatty acids and lipids known to be implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of AMD.
Minería, movimientos sociales y la expansión de China en América Latina
Authors: Valderrey Villar Francisco Javier , Lemus Delgado Daniel
Published: July 2019

En este artículo, se analiza la relación entre las compañías mineras chinas en América Latina y la presencia de movimientos sociales antisistémicos desde la teoría del sistema mundo moderno. Se hace énfasis en las actividades de minería y se ofrece una descripción histórica de las prácticas generales de las empresas chinas, conforme a la reformulación paulatina de los intereses de su país. Utilizando el análisis de la base de datos de conflictos mineros del ocmal, se identifican aquellos en los que intervienen empresas de propiedad china, para así describir el impacto social y ambiental que generan, y el surgimiento de movimientos sociales como respuesta a sus prácticas extractivas. Se comparan las prácticas de empresas de otros países en la región, conforme a una muestra aleatoria. Los resultados muestran procedimientos similares de las empresas mineras en América Latina, independientemente de su origen nacional. Se concluye que el reto es construir una propuesta alternativa al actual sistema mundo moderno para pasar de una visión local a una mundial en la que se armonicen las diversas tensiones dentro de estos movimientos.
La relación entre el FMI y los gobiernos tomadores de crédito. El aporte de la EPI centrado en la incidencia de los intereses
Authors: Nemiña Pablo
Published: July 2019

La capacidad de proveer asistencia financiera, junto con su rol de auditor y garante de programas económicos, le proporciona al fmi un importante recurso de poder al momento de intervenir cuando los países atraviesan desequilibrios externos. Esto no significa que la relación entre el fmi y los gobiernos prestatarios se caracterice por la mera imposición de políticas del primero sobre el segundo. Tampoco el Fondo se muestra invariablemente disconforme frente a los incumplimientos de los países. El presente trabajo propone un abordaje teórico a la relación entre el fmi y los gobiernos prestatarios. Se recuperan los aportes de la economía política internacional sobre la incidencia de los intereses de las potencias y el sector financiero, los burocráticos y los de los actores locales del país prestatario. Así mismo, el marco de análisis recupera los aportes de la teoría sociológica constructivista con respecto a la definición del fmi y los gobiernos como actores sociales, el carácter restrictivo y habilitante que las estructuras poseen sobre la agencia, y sus implicancias sobre la autonomía.
Conflicto social, arte y emociones: hacia la organización, la identificación y los repertorios de acción artísticos
Authors: Capasso Verónica Cecilia
Published: July 2019

En este artículo se analiza la relación entre emociones, acción colectiva y arte en el espacio público luego de la inundación del 2 de abril de 2013 en La Plata, focalizando en una asamblea vecinal. Se abordarán las características de su organización, su producción mural, sus repertorios de acción e identificaciones y el conflicto evidenciado a partir de su producción artística. Se concluye que la generación de murales fue relevante en dos sentidos. A nivel social, favoreció que vecinos que no asistían a las reuniones se acercaran y compartieran el momento colectivo. Se evidencia la conformación de una atmósfera afectiva compartida y la generación de lazos de amistad y compañerismo, que resultaron esenciales para el funcionamiento y la movilización de los asambleístas. A nivel político, generó relaciones de enemistad, principalmente con la municipalidad. Se visualiza que la producción artística puso en escena pero, a la vez, produjo el conflicto. En cuanto a la metodología, cualitativa, se basa en la construcción de un estudio de caso. Se recurrió a la observación participante y no participante, a entrevistas semiestructuradas y a un diseño metodológico trans­disciplinario compuesto por los estudios sociales del arte, los estudios sociales de las emociones/afectos y la teoría política.
Emoción, racionalidad y saberes indígenas en los mecanismos de democracia participativa: el caso de la consulta indígena en Chile
Authors: Spoerer Matilde
Published: July 2019

En este artículo se busca describir y analizar la implementación del derecho a consulta previa, libre e informada (Convenio 169 de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo) de los pueblos indígenas, a través de un proceso participativo desarrollado por el Estado de Chile: la ‘consulta de la consulta’. Este proceso, denominado Mesa de Consenso, fue creado en el año 2013, durante el primer gobierno de Sebastián Piñera, con el fin de coelaborar, junto con los pueblos indígenas, la reglamentación para la aplicación de dicho convenio. Desde un enfoque metodológico cualitativo y de tipo etnográfico, que privilegia la observación y la realización de entrevistas a los funcionarios e indígenas que participaron en el proceso, se concluye que dentro del dispositivo de consulta indígena se utilizaron diferentes registros de argumentación en el que las emociones adquirieron un rol esencial en tanto fueron movilizadas, prescritas o proscritas en función de objetivos políticos.
Juventud militante y radicalización política: las emociones durante la contestación estudiantil chilena
Authors: Montoni Rios Angelo
Published: July 2019

Este artículo invita a pensar el rol de las emociones en la participación y la radicalización política de jóvenes estudiantes chilenos provenientes de barrios populares. Este estudio etnográfico fue realizado durante el proceso de contesta­ción estudiantil de los años 2011 y 2012 en Santiago de Chile. El argumento propuesto señala que el paso a una acción riesgosa en una carrera militante está fuertemente ligado a las dinámicas emocionales que se presentan en cada actor. Lo que queremos analizar es cómo se construye y cómo se organiza esta dinámica emocional, es decir, las formas a través de las cuales las emociones se despliegan, desaparecen o se transforman durante un proceso de contestación.
Mandatos del discurso capitalista y la sujeción a los trabajadores
Authors: Higuita Lopez Daimer
Published: July 2019

Este documento examina el trasfondo que, comúnmente, tiene el discurso capitalista en entornos empresariales. Con el apoyo en Jacques Lacan (1992) y Daniel Koren (2008), se analiza la manera como el discurso capitalista domina y sujeta al trabajador a través del uso del lenguaje. Para ello, se analiza la concreción de ese discurso capitalista en la organización, sus efectos y su incidencia en los sujetos. El trabajo de campo se hizo a través de entrevistas en profundidad con trabajadores de distintos sectores económicos. La concreción del discurso capitalista en la organización se da en tres mandatos: sea adaptable, sea profesional y supérese. Y los efectos están referidos a la incrustación, en el contexto empresarial, de la idea de que existen dos lados: uno correcto y otro incorrecto, y el trabajador está en el incorrecto. Un trabajador que es culpable de estar en ese lado y termina auto-recriminándose por ello.
Design, Modeling, and Analysis of Vertical Robotic Storage and Retrieval Systems
Authors: Azadeh Kaveh , Roy Debjit , De Koster René
Published: July 2019

Autonomous vehicle-based storage and retrieval systems are commonly used in many fulfillment centers (e.g., e-commerce warehouses), because they allow a high- and flexible-throughput capacity. In these systems, roaming robots transport loads between a storage location and a workstation. Two main variants exist: horizontal, where the robots only move horizontally and use lifts for vertical transport, and a new variant vertical, where the robots can also travel vertically in the rack. This paper builds a framework to analyze the performance of the vertical system and compare its throughput capacity with the horizontal system. We build closed queueing network models for this that, in turn, are used to optimize the design. The results show that the optimal height-to-width ratio of a vertical system is around one. Because a large number of system robots may lead to blocking and delays, we compare the effects of different robot blocking protocols on the system throughput: robot Recirculation and Wait-on-Spot. The Wait-on-Spot policy produces a higher system throughput when the number of robots in the system is small. However, for a large number of robots in the system, the Recirculation policy dominates the Wait-on-Spot policy. Finally, we compare the operational costs of the vertical and horizontal transport systems. For systems with one load/unload (L/U) point, the vertical system always produces a similar or higher system throughput with a lower operating cost compared with the horizontal system with a discrete lift. It also outperforms the horizontal system with a continuous lift in systems with two L/U points.
China as a ‘new frontier’: Neo-liberal aspirations, imaginaries and (dis-) enchantments of Swiss migrant professionals in mainland China
Authors: Camenisch Aldina
Published: July 2019

Mainland China has emerged as a migration destination for foreign professionals in the post-Mao era. This ethnographic article investigates the aspirations of one group among them – self-initiated Swiss migrant professionals – and the imaginative geographies of China that they develop and renegotiate throughout their journeys. The analysis reveals their aspirations and imaginaries signifying a quest to push limits for the sake of neo-liberal self-development. Swiss professionals encounter a China in transformation as a ‘country of extremes’ and approach it as a ‘new frontier’. Rich in challenges and opportunities, it both enables and limits interviewees’ projects for self-realization, further fuelling the strong sense of transience that permeates their migration trajectories.
Sistema de drenagem complementar com estudo comparativo de métodos para a Avenida Santos Dumont, Criciuma, SC – Estudo de caso
Authors: França Eduardo Fregulia , Cauduro Flávia , Müller Christiane Ribeiro , Ramos Jori
Published: July 2019

A urbanização das cidades intensifica a impermeabilização do solo, causando impactos negativos aos sistemas de drenagem, e assim gerando problemas de inundações que reduzem a qualidade de vida dos habitantes do município. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo propor um sistema de drenagem complementar para um trecho da Avenida Santos Dumont, localizada no município de Criciúma, Santa Catarina. O estudo foi realizado através do estudo de 4 modelos, um modelo com as observações reais da Avenida e três modelos criados para o estudo da drenagem complementar. Assim, o modelo A consiste na situação real da Avenida, o modelo B a adoção de alteração do revestimento superficial da área simultaneamente a coleta e uso das águas pluviais precipitadas sobre os telhados, o modelo C a implantação de trincheiras de infiltração e o modelo D a aplicação conjunta das ações implantadas nos dois modelos anteriores. Como resultados foram obtidos a redução das vazões lançadas no sistema de drenagem e, consequentemente, a redução dos problemas apresentados no modelo A. Foi concluído que o modelo D é o mais indicado para que sejam solucionados os problemas na Avenida atendendo as necessidades do município e dos habitantes locais.
Possibilities of using a FRAX® risk calculator for 10-year probability of fractures assessment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Nikitinskaya O. A. , Toroptsova N. V. , Nasonov E. L.
Published: July 2019

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and glucocorticoid use are the most common causes of secondary osteoporosis (OP). Early detection of individuals at high risk for osteoporotic fractures among RA patients allows timely prevention of OP and its complications.

Objective: to evaluate the diagnostic possibilities of using a FRAX® calculator without introducing femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) into the algorithm, as well as different therapeutic intervention thresholds to identify RA patients who need anti-osteoporotic therapy.

Subjects and methods. The investigation enrolled 97 RA patients aged over 50 years. A questionnaire survey and axial skeletal densitometry were made; the 10-year fracture risk was calculated using the FRAX® calculator with and without femoral neck BMD. The diagnostic characteristics (sensitivity, specificity, ROC-curves) of different therapeutic intervention thresholds (Russian and European age-dependent intervention thresholds; 20% and 10%) for FRAX) were studied.

Results and discussion. The capabilities of the Russian FRAX® model with and without femoral neck BMD to identify patients requiring treatment for OP were very good (AUC=0.878±0.036 and AUC=0.872±0.040, respectively). Lumbar spine dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry also identified very well RA patients who should undergo prophylaxis against OP and related fractures (AUC=0.837±0.063), while femoral neck and whole hip BMD values showed lower accuracy in detecting these patients (AUC=0.587±0.102 and AUC=0.625±0.092, respectively). The Russian age-dependent threshold showed 79.7% sensitivity and 63.7% specificity in evaluating the FRAX® algorithm without BMD; these figures for FRAX® with BMD were 82.2 and 65.2%, respectively. The use of FRAX® without and with BMD revealed no significant differences in the identification of persons in need of treatment (χ2=0.22; p=0.64). The sensitivity and specificity of other therapeutic intervention thresholds in determining the fracture risk with and without BMD were as follows: 90.4-94.6 and 17.4-21.7% for the European threshold; 58.8 and 93.8% for 20%, and 96.5% and 0 for 10%, respectively.

Conclusion. The FRAX® calculator can be used to assess a fracture risk without entering the femoral neck BMD data into the algorithm for RA patients aged 50 years and older. Fracture risk should be assessed using the Russian agedependent threshold that adequately identifies those who need OP treatment among RA patients.
Interleukin 6 as a pathogenic factor mediating clinical manifestations and a therapeutic target for rheumatic diseases and depressive disorders
Authors: Lisitsyna T. A. , Veltishchev D. Yu. , Lila A. M. , Nasonov E. L.
Published: July 2019

The review summarizes current idea on the key role of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases (RDs) and depressive disorders. It considers in detail the mechanisms by which IL6 induces the clinical and laboratory manifestations of RDs and depression; the influence of precipitating and predisposing stress factors, including childhood mental traumas, which increase the risk of RDs and depression, on IL-6 production. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of prospects for using IL-6 inhibitors in the therapy of depression.
Role of biomarkers in the diagnosis of bacterial infections in rheumatic diseases
Authors: Belov B. S. , Tarasova G. M. , Muravyeva N. V.
Published: July 2019

In modern rheumatology, the problem of differential diagnosis of bacterial infection and active rheumatic process still retains its relevance. At the same time, it is very important to search for a biomarker - the gold standard for the diagnosis of an infection in patients with rheumatic diseases (RDs) in order to rapidly determine a treatment policy. This review analyzes the diagnostic significance and possibility of using some laboratory markers for bacterial infections in modern rheumatology. It emphasizes the importance of a multimarker approach that allows increasing the significance of individual parameters in the diagnosis of infections in RD.
Familial Mediterranean fever in the Republic of Crimea: a description of a series of cases with an analysis of historical and ethnographic aspects of the disease
Authors: Zhogova O. V. , Lagunova N. V. , Ivanovsky S. V. , Salugina S. O. , Kostik M. M.
Published: July 2019

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a monogenic autoinflammatory disease with a high prevalence in some countries. The carriers of the MEFV gene causing FML are Jews, Armenians, Turks, Arabs and other nationalities of Mediterranean origin. Crimean Tatars are one of the nations that inhabit the Crimean peninsula, who do not formally belong to Mediterranean populations. Until 2016, there were no data on FMF in Crimea among the Crimean Tatar population; however, 15 new cases of FMF have been diagnosed in the Republic of Crimea in the past 2 years. The paper provides data on FML patients and information about the ethnic origin of the Crimean Tatars, explaining the possible origin of mutant alleles in the population.
Impact of training giving to peadiatric nurses by interactive workshops against to problems during lactation period
Authors: Menekşe Dilek , Çınar Nursan , Eren Özge , Altinkaynak Sevin
Published: July 2019

Aim:  The study has been conducted in order to determine the impact of training which giving to peadiatric nurses by interactive workshops against to problems during lactation period.Methods:  This study, which is an experimental type in which pre-test/ post-test measurements were taken, was carried out in a state hospital in Samsun in October 2014. Before the training, the nurses accepted the presentation invitation. Evaluation of participants’ knowledge on the subject was performed via a Multiple Choice Questionnaire (MCQ) prepared by the researchers in relation with the literature. The study was conducted by 33 volunteer nurses working in the pediatric departments of a state hospital in the conference hall. MCQ, consisting of 24 questions, was answered by the participants before and after the interactive workshop. Analyses were performed using commercial software (IBM SPSS Statistics 20, SPSS Inc. An IBM Corp., Armonk, NY)Findings:  Nurses (n= 33) who work in pediatric units participated in the study. The  average age of nurses who participated to study is  36.30 ± 6.47 (min=21 max=48).  There was a significant improvement in mean test score after the lecture when compared with pre-lecture score (Mean =23.66, SD=0.54 vs. Mean=12.24, SD=4.11, z= -5.021 p = 0.000)Conclusions: Lecture based interactive workshop on the problems faced during lactation period helps to improve nurses’ knowledge. It also helps in overcoming deficiencies in nurses training.
The Effect of Integrating Music Listening With an Attachment- And Affective-Focused Short-Term Psychotherapy in an Individual With Relational Trauma: The Case of "James"
Authors: Blimling G. Paul
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study is to explore the utility and feasibility of incorporating client-chosen music listening into a short-term dynamic therapy model in an individual with trauma. Specifically, Diana Fosha’s Accelerated Experiential Dynamic Psychotherapy (AEDP) was chosen due to its focus on emotional experience and attachment. Relevant literature regarding the current clinical applications of music is presented, along with research supporting music’s effects on relevant psychotherapeutic mechanisms such as affect, autobiographical memory, and attachment. These effects are illustrated through the use of the hybrid case example of "James," a composite psychotherapy client who struggles with symptoms stemming from relational trauma. In addition to being informed by clinical examples in relevant psychological literature, James' case is assembled from actual psychotherapy cases of the author. Demonstrating this client’s course of treatment provides an avenue for describing key clinical issues related to the utility of music within a more traditional short-term dynamic therapy model. By adopting a qualitative, disciplined inquiry approach, treatment is tailored to the client’s unique psychological struggles within the context of historical, contextual, and relational factors. Following a pragmatic case study research format (Fishman, 2005), case material is analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Discussion explores how an integrative treatment approach, exemplified in the case of James, can effectively combine psychodynamic, relational, and musical elements in treating individuals with relational trauma and the resulting pathology. James’ case is designed to be a resource for therapists who seek to gain additional understanding of a new component in providing effective and meaningful treatment for individuals with relational trauma.
Hittite Toponymy
Authors: Kryszeń Adam
Published: July 2019

This article provides an up-to-date overview of the collection of toponyms in the Hittite corpus. It discusses the general features of the inventory of place names and their distribution according to various criteria, including dating, language and specific context. Particular attention is paid to the geographic typology of toponyms applied by the Hittite scribes (from both synchronic and diachronic perspectives). It is hoped such a general sketch could offer comparative material for broader, more inclusive studies on the geographical concepts in the Ancient Near East.
“To show” in Hittite and Palaic Rituals
Authors: Sasseville David
Published: July 2019

This paper presents a textual analysis of CTH 751 called a Palaic ritual with bread offerings. Due to new joins made by the author, it is now possible to attribute several Palaic fragments placed under CTH 754 to CTH 751. This contributes to a better contextual understanding of the largest Palaic text. The focus of this paper will be the semantic analysis of the Palaic verb takkuwa(g)a-(di), whose elucidation has been facilitated by the new joins. This verb is equated etymologically with Hittite dakkudakuwā(i)-(mi) and takku-(mi), both of debated semantics. In light of the new analysis of the Palaic verb, the two Hittite cognates will be reanalyzed contextually.
Polysemy Revisited
Authors: Guasparri Andrea
Published: July 2019

This paper addresses the cognitive models that frame our understanding of what is traditionally called “metaphoric polysemy”, a well-established principle at work when it comes to naming the animals around us. In particular, taking the Roman nomenclature of aquatic animals as a case study, polysemy is redefined according to some basic cognitive principles of ethnobiological classification such as analogical similarity, biological essentialism and the role of simultaneous metaphoric and metonymic associations to the perceptual/cultural constraints targeted on the biological referent for naming it – the result is at least two kinds of metaphoric polysemy, to be called “external” (or exo-polysemy) and “internal” (or endo-polysemy), respectively. The idea is that the naming patterns that emerge from the ethnozoological nomenclature under examination may not only provide a better understanding of an ancient people’s zooanthropology but a paradigm for analysing descriptive ethnobiological naming in general.
Classement et lexique animal dans les sources cunéiformes
Authors: Chalendar Vérène
Published: July 2019

This paper deals with the methodological issues involved in reconstructing Mesopotamian zoological knowledge, and also with the difficult task of identifying species from the information provided by the cuneiform sources. Through the case study of the animal designated by the sumerogram ur.ki, for which the dictionaries suggest various identifications – dog, badger, or even worm – we explore the Mesopotamian vision of fauna, which already seems to attest to an organized conceptual system elaborated by Mesopotamian scholars concerning their natural environment. We also examine the manipulation of the lexical documentation related to zoological « taxonomy », and lexical matters, which though broadly used, requires extreme caution. ur.ki provides a perfect case study, since it is already attested in the Old Babylonian forerunner to the lexical list ur5.ra = ḫubullu, and remains documented in the later version of this list, but also in some scholarly texts. It allows a chronological survey that aims at retracing the understanding of a sumerogramm and considering the question of the evolution of zoological knowledge in Mesopotamia.
Thinking and Writing “Donkey” in Ancient Egypt
Authors: Vandenbeusch Marie
Published: July 2019

This article explores the role of donkeys in ancient Egypt through a lexicographical lens. It presents the terminology used for the animal in religious texts focusing on three case studies. Firstly, the most common word used for donkey aA, which appears in economic, literary and religious texts, will be examined. The second section will look into the entity hiw opening to a world of fantastic beings and hybrid creatures. And finally we will see that the number of signs associated to donkeys multiplied in the Ptolemaic period and are generally connected with the god Seth. With these three short investigations, different facets of the donkey are explored, revealing an animal that can be both an evil being and a threatening tool.
Verortung in der Zeit
Authors: Köth Anke
Published: July 2019

The article discusses the question, if the past as a legitimation for collegiate architecture becomes obsolete after the change from historical styles to modern architecture in 20th century America. On the one hand, the example of Walter Gropius’ Harvard Graduate Center (1948) shows that traditions like the Harvard’s yard are still used on a very abstract level to fit a new building group into the university. On the other hand, the ambition of past decades to define future through architecture or a masterplan seems to be inappropriate after deep changes in society caused by the depression and by World War II later. As a consequence, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe tries to make changes possible for the new Campus of the Illinois Institute of Technology (after 1938): his grid allows to add new building parts easily, and to give them more or less a shape for changing functions.
Neuferts Oktametersystem – eine neue ›Regola‹ im 20. Jahrhundert?
Authors: Drach Ekkehard
Published: July 2019

As a result of his highly successful publication Bauentwurfslehre (1936), Ernst Neufert presented a system of measurement that he claimed had universal validity, his so called octameter system in 1941. Every necessary dimension is expressed as a multiple or a fraction of the basic unit of 12.5 cm. He stated that once the design process, the schedules of rooms and many other parameters would become rational and efficient.

Moreover, the question is to what extent the octameter system constitutes a set of rules in the sense of Vitruvian order. Can architecture become legible in the mechanisms of form-making that the system practices? Is the octameter system useful in the communication of meaning or criticism, or is its effectiveness limited to simplifying construction procedures by pursuing standardization and serialization of architectural production?

Neufert’s system became widely disseminated. The architecture faculty building at the University of Innsbruck is an example: it demonstrates how thoroughly Neufert’s octameter division was applied to the finest detail, as a universal frame of reference. Thereby it becomes clear that Neufert’s norm is indeed in a position to transfer formal origination into the realm of cultural action.
𝐾-theory and immersions of spatial polygon spaces
Authors: Davis Donald M.
Published: July 2019

For

ℓ

{\ell}

a generic n-tuple of positive numbers,

N
⁢

(
ℓ
)

{N(\ell)}

denotes the space of isometry classes of oriented n-gons in

ℝ
3

{\mathbb{R}^{3}}

with side lengths specified by

ℓ

{\ell}

.
We determine the algebra

K
⁢

(

N
⁢

(
ℓ
)

)

{K(N(\ell))}

and use this to obtain nonimmersions of the

2
⁢

(

n
-
3

)

{2(n-3)}

-manifold

N
⁢

(
ℓ
)

{N(\ell)}

in Euclidean space for several families of

ℓ

{\ell}

.
We also use obstruction theory to tell exactly when

N
⁢

(
ℓ
)

{N(\ell)}

immerses in

ℝ

4
⁢
n

-
14

{\mathbb{R}^{4n-14}}

for two families of

ℓ

{\ell}

’s.
Controlling residual stress and distortion of friction stir welding joint by external stationary shoulder
Authors: He Weiliang , Liu Jinglin , Hu Wei , Wang Gongdong , Chen Wenjing
Published: July 2019

Friction stir welding (FSW) can achieve a sound welding joint, but its residual stress and distortion cannot be avoided due to the non-uniformity of temperature distribution during welding. Stationary shoulder friction stir welding (SSFSW) was employed to butt weld 6005A-T6 aluminum alloy plates. The effects of welding speeds ranging from 200 mm/min to 600 mm/min on residual stress and distortion were investigated in detail. A thermo-mechanical model was utilized to compare the residual stress distribution between conventional FSW and SSFSW. SSFSW was beneficial to decreasing the peak temperature of stir zone (SZ) and then obtaining a narrower SZ. The peak residual stress produced by SSFSW was 50% lower than that by conventional FSW and a narrower tensile stress region was attained by SSFSW. Moreover, the stationary shoulder applied a function of synchronous rolling during the welding, which controlled the distortion effectively.
On finite groups in which commutators are covered by Engel subgroups
Authors: Shumyatsky Pavel , Silveira Danilo
Published: July 2019

Let

m
,
n

{m,n}

be positive integers and w a multilinear commutator word.
Assume that G is a finite group having subgroups

G
1

,
…
,

G
m

{G_{1},\ldots,G_{m}}

whose union contains all w-values in G.
Assume further that all elements of the subgroups

G
1

,
…
,

G
m

{G_{1},\ldots,G_{m}}

are n-Engel in G.
It is shown that the verbal subgroup

w
⁢

(
G
)

{w(G)}

is s-Engel for some

{
m
,
n
,
w
}

{\{m,n,w\}}

-bounded number s.
Properties of High-Volume Fly Ash and Slag Cementitious Composites Incorporating Nanosilica and Basalt Fiber Pellets
Authors: Azzam A. , Bassuoni M. T. , Shalaby A.
Published: July 2019

Developing ductile and durable cement-based materials that incorporate fibers has been a subject of extensive investigation to improve the performance of new and existing concrete infrastructure, especially with the advent of novel materials. In this study, properties of a novel type of cementitious composite consisting of nanosilica and a high volume of slag or fly ash were investigated. These composites were reinforced with innovative basalt fiber pellets (BFPs), which consist of basalt fiber strands encapsulated by a polymeric resin, with a specially designed grooved texture. Six mortar mixtures were designed based on cement with high-volume (50 %) slag or fly ash and 6 % nanosilica. The mixtures incorporated different dosages of BFPs (2.5, 4.5, and 6.9 % by volume). Fresh mechanical and durability tests were conducted to evaluate the behavior of the composites. In addition, thermal and microscopy studies were performed to examine the microstructural evolution of the mixtures. The results showed that the slag-based composites exhibited improved performance, especially at early ages, with a compressive strength of 57–78 MPa and toughness of 30–44 J at 28 d. Comparatively, the fly ash–based mixtures had a compressive strength and toughness of 46–53 MPa and 27–39 J, respectively at 28 d. As the dosage of pellets increased, the compressive strength was reduced, whereas the flexural behavior was significantly enhanced in terms of strain-hardening, toughness, and postcracking control. In addition, all mixtures had reduced penetrability with total passing charges less than 700 C and acceptable resistance to salt-frost scaling. Hence, all the developed composites herein had balanced plastic, mechanical, and durability performance, which makes them a viable option for a suite of infrastructural applications.
Fluctuating Regional Brainstem Diffusion Imaging Measures of Microstructure across the Migraine Cycle
Authors: Marciszewski Kasia K. , Meylakh Noemi , Di Pietro Flavia , Macefield Vaughan G. , Macey Paul M. , Henderson Luke A.
Published: July 2019

The neural mechanisms responsible for the initiation and expression of migraines remain unknown. Although there is growing evidence of changes in brainstem anatomy and function between attacks, very little is known about brainstem function and structure in the period immediately prior to a migraine. The aim of this investigation is to use brainstem-specific analyses of diffusion weighted images to determine whether the brainstem pain processing regions display altered structure in individuals with migraine across the migraine cycle, and in particular immediately prior to a migraine. Diffusion tensor images (29 controls, 36 migraineurs) were used to assess brainstem anatomy in migraineurs compared with controls. We found that during the interictal phase, migraineurs displayed greater mean diffusivity (MD) in the region of the spinal trigeminal nucleus (SpV), dorsomedial pons (dmPons)/dorsolateral pons (dlPons), and midbrain periaqueductal gray matter (PAG)/cuneiform nucleus (CNF). Remarkably, the MD returned to controls levels during the 24-h period immediately prior to a migraine, only to increase again within the three following days. Additionally, fractional anisotropy (FA) was significantly elevated in the region of the medial lemniscus/ventral trigeminal thalamic tract in migraineurs compared with controls over the entire migraine cycle. These data show that regional brainstem anatomy changes over the migraine cycle, with specific anatomical changes occurring in the 24-h period prior to onset. These changes may contribute to the activation of the ascending trigeminal pathway by either an increase in basal traffic or by sensitizing the trigeminal nuclei to external triggers, with activation ultimately resulting in perception of head pain during a migraine attack.
Labile Calcium-Permeable AMPA Receptors Constitute New Glutamate Synapses Formed in Hypothalamic Neuroendocrine Cells during Salt Loading
Authors: Di Shi , Jiang ZhiYing , Wang Sen , Harrison Laura M. , Castro-Echeverry Eduardo , Stuart Thomas C. , Wolf Marina E. , Tasker Jeffrey G.
Published: July 2019

Magnocellular neuroendocrine cells (MNCs) of the hypothalamus play a critical role in the regulation of fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. They undergo a dramatic structural and functional plasticity under sustained hyperosmotic conditions, including an increase in afferent glutamatergic synaptic innervation. We tested for a postulated increase in glutamate AMPA receptor expression and signaling in magnocellular neurons of the male rat hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus (SON) induced by chronic salt loading. While without effect on GluA1-4 subunit mRNA, salt loading with 2% saline for 5–7 d resulted in a selective increase in AMPA receptor GluA1 protein expression in the SON, with no change in GluA2-4 protein expression, suggesting an increase in the ratio of GluA1 to GluA2 subunits. Salt loading induced a corresponding increase in EPSCs in both oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (VP) neurons, with properties characteristic of calcium-permeable AMPA receptor-mediated currents. Unexpectedly, the emergent AMPA synaptic currents were silenced by blocking protein synthesis and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity in the slices, suggesting that the new glutamate synapses induced by salt loading require continuous dendritic protein synthesis for maintenance. These findings indicate that chronic salt loading leads to the induction of highly labile glutamate synapses in OT and VP neurons that are comprised of calcium-permeable homomeric GluA1 AMPA receptors. The glutamate-induced calcium influx via calcium-permeable AMPA receptors would be expected to play a key role in the induction and/or maintenance of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity that occurs in the magnocellular neurons during chronic osmotic stimulation.
Distinguishing Between Need Support and Regulatory Focus with LIWC
Authors: Vaughn Leigh Ann
Published: July 2019

The need-support model bridges regulatory focus theory and self-determination theory. Research on this model has shown that support of needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness (key constructs in self-determination theory) is higher in experiences of pursuing hopes versus duties (key constructs in regulatory focus theory). The current research used LIWC 2015’s standard dictionary to examine differences between descriptions of high and low support of these needs (N = 941), descriptions of pursuing hopes and duties (N = 1,047), high need support and hopes, and low need support and duties. As expected, descriptions of high need support and hopes were more emotionally positive than low need support and duties, whereas high need support and duties showed more attention to social relationships than low need support and hopes. These and additional findings of this research support the need-support model’s proposal that regulatory focus and need support do not reduce to each other.