bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of the Optimum Wavelet Basis Function for Indonesian Vowel Voice Recognition
Authors: Hidayat Syahroni , P. N. Habib Ratu , Kumoro Danang Tejo
Published: January 2018

Nowadays, wavelet has been widely applied in extracting features of the signal for automatic speech recognition system. Wavelets have many families that are determined by their mother function and order. The use of different wavelets to analyze the same signal would bring different results. In many cases, a trial and error procedure is used to select the optimal wavelet family. That is because there are no particular wavelet basis functions that can be applied to the entire speech signals. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the similarity between the speech signal and the wavelet base function. One of the methods that can be used is cross-correlation. In this study, the degree of correlation is determined between wavelet base function and Indonesian vowels. The influence of gender and consistencies of the results are also used in the analysis. The results show that db45 and db44 are most similar to male and female vowels utterance, respectively. For consistencies, only vowel e gives a consistent result. Overall, db44 is most similar to all Indonesian vowels utterance.
Identification of The Determinants of Enterpreneurial Success: A Multidimensional Framework
Authors: Vidyatmoko Dyan , Hastuti Pudji
Published: January 2018

Although the academics have discussed various topics related to the factors that influence the entrepreneurial success, but there are still many differences about which factors are very important. The most important characteristics of successful entrepreneurs often become a big question.  It is reasonable due to the increasing diversity of approaches used in a variety of disciplines on the study of entrepreneur. There were many literatures that discussed a variety of variables affecting the success of entrepreneurs, especially in developed countries. In an effort to fill the lack of research on the success of entrepreneurs in developing countries, especially in Indonesia,this paper tries to propose a theoretical framework to examine factors that affect the success of entrepreneurs,the proposed framework uses a multidimensional analysis of success factors whereby three factors are discussed simultaneously. These include the entrepreneur, the entrepreneurial firm and the external environment. Success is represented by three indicators which consist of employment growth, profitability and survival. This framework is the development of theoretical framework proposed by Kiggundu, and Lussier and Halabi. Compared to Kiggundu and Lussier and Halabi model, the proposed approach is expected to provide a comprehensive analysis of the factors affecting the success of entrepreneur in Indonesia. This multidimensional approach can illustrate the scope of various entrepreneurial phenomena in Indonesia.In addition, using the analytical technique to be used to test the relationship and the influence of independent variables, the concept of this framework will produce determinant variables and eliminate the variables that are not relevantThe study will use Structural Equation Model. It is relevant and useful both from the academic and practical points of view and has practical implications for policymakers in terms of conceptualizing and operationalizing factors affecting the success of entrepreneurs in Indonesia.
Management of Indonesia ICT Business Incubators: Administrators’ Compared to Tenants’ Perspecive
Authors: Sirait Emyana Ruth Eritha , Wildana Faiq
Published: January 2018

Business incubation is one of entrepreneurship development methods believed to have advantages compared with other SME development patterns. The model used in managing the business incubators is influenced by the business focus of the participants/tenants. In managing the ICT business incubators, there are some key factors slightly different from the management of others. However, the legal rules and standards for organizing various types of incubators are still equated. It is concerned that there will be some misunderstandings/misleading from the administrators or managers in providing their services, so that the process fails to reach its main objectives. This study has surveyed some managers of ICT incubators to get their perspectives about the dominant aspects among 8-S mandatory services by using Analytical Hierarchy Process, and also some tenants about their satisfaction to incubators services. The result is then reviewed based on ICT product and business characteristics.

 
Keywords: ICT Business Incubators, Management, Analytical Hierarchy Process, Customer Development Model.
Mobilizing Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) for Socio-Economic Development: The Experience of Malaysia
Authors: Thiruchelvam Kanagasundram
Published: January 2018

Malaysia has achieved remarkable economic growth for most parts of its history but is finding itself dogged by weak technological dynamism due to structural features of the economy as well as less than satisfactory proficiency in science, technology and innovation (STI). Despite massive investments in creating STI infrastructure, education, physical infrastructure and incentives to support technology upgrading, the stark reality is that the country continues to lag behind the successful latecomers. This paper presents a brief overview on Malaysia’s STI achievements, salient features of the nation’s national innovation system (NIS), the key challenges of its NIS and some recommendations on moving forward. The central theme of the paper is that success in STI is not automatic. It must be made to happen through effective policies promoting innovation as well as innovations in policy-making itself.

    

Key words: Malaysia; national innovation system; STI; innovation; policy making
Irrational use of antibiotics and clinical outcomes in children with pneumonia
Authors: Yusuf Yusuf , Murni Indah Kartika , Setyati Amalia
Published: January 2018

Background Pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children under five. Antibiotic treatment must be started immediately in children with pneumonia. The irrational use of antibiotics may increase morbidity and mortality in children with pneumonia.Obejctive To determine the prevalence of the irrational use of antibiotics and clinical outcomes in children with pneumonia.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in children with pneumonia who were admitted to the Pediatric Ward or PICU at Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, from December 2010 to February 2013. Data were obtained from subjects’ medical records. Children with malnutrition, congenital heart defects, sepsis, shock, central nervous system disorders, syndromes, or other concomitant infections were excluded.Results Of 46 children who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, 13 (28.3%) used antibiotics irrationally and 7 (15.2%) died. Most subjects were aged less than 1 year (25 subjects, 54.3%) and 1 - < 5 years (18 subjects, 39.1%). The female to male ratio was 1:1. Most cases were referred from other hospitals (23 subjects, 50%). Twenty-eight (60.9%) subjects stayed in hospital > 7 days. Ampicillin was the most common first-line, empirical antibiotic used (32 subjects, 69.6%). Blood cultures were obtained in 20 (43.5%) patients, yielding no growth in 16 subjects, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CONS) in 3 subjects, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 1 subject. The irrational use of antibiotics was significantly associated with mortality in a univariate analysis [PR 6.35; (95%CI 1.40 to 28.69); P=0.006]. Conclusion The irrational use of antibiotics is common among children with pneumonia and is significantly associated with mortality.
Preoperative intralesional injection of triamcinolone acetonide for a large head and neck lymphangioma in a baby: a case report
Authors: July Julius , Peeters Sophie
Published: January 2018

Lymphangiomas (LMs) are uncommon congenital malformations of the lymphatic system, with an estimated incidence of one in 2,000 to 4,000 live births.1 About half of these lesions are diagnosed at birth, and by two years of age, 90% of those with lesions have been diagnosed.2 Histologically, LMs are benign lesions; however, they can pose a serious threat to the patient due to possible growth into surrounding structures, sometimes causing life-threatening complications. Treatment of large head and neck lymphangiomas in young infants is very challenging, due to the risk of surgical complications. Further challenges include the limited volume of blood loss that infants can tolerate, the lack of the option for radiotherapy or radiosurgery, and the high chance of life-threatening complications if the LM is not treated. Here, we report a case of a two-month-old baby girl presenting with a large head and neck lymphangioma. She was successfully treated with intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injections, followed by surgical resection of the lesion.
Gross motor dysfunction as a risk factor for aspiration pneumonia in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Hafifah Cut Nurul , Setyanto Darmawan Budi , Putra Sukman Tulus , Mangunatmadja Irawan , Sari Teny Tjitra , Wulandari Haryanti Fauziah
Published: January 2018

Background Respiratory problems, such as aspiration pneumonia, are major causes of morbidity and mortality in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and greatly affect the quality of life of these children. Nevertheless, there is limited data on the incidence and risk factors of aspiration pneumonia in children with CP in Indonesia. Objective To determine the incidence and risk factors of aspiration pneumonia in children with cerebral palsy.Methods In children with CP aged 1-18 years, incidence of pneumonia was studied prospectively for 6 months and the prevalence of the risk factors was studied cross-sectionally. At baseline, we evaluated subjects’ by history-taking, physical examination, risk factors, and chest X-ray to assess the incidence of silent aspiration. Subjects were followed-up for six months to determine the incidence of overt or silent aspiration pneumonia.Results Eight out of 36 subjects had one or more episodes of aspiration, consisting of silent aspiration (2/36) and clinically diagnosed aspiration pneumonia (7/36). Subjects with more severe gross motor dysfunction experienced more episodes aspiration pneumonia, although it was not statistically significant (p = 0.06), while dysphagia (P=0.2) and nutritional status (P=0.11) were not associated with pneumonia or silent aspiration.Conclusion Twenty-five percent of children with CP experienced aspiration pneumonia during the 6-month study period, with gross motor dysfunction as a possible risk factor.
MENYERU TANPA HINAAN (Upaya Menyemai Dakwah Humanis Pada Masyarakat Kota Langsa yang Pluralis)
Authors: Siregar Mawardi
Published: January 2018

Dalam Islam, semangat ekspasionis lazim disebut dengan kegiatan dakwah. Kewajiban berdakwah dianjurkan bagi setiap muslim sejak awal masa kenabian Muhammad Saw. Hakekat dakwah pada dasarnya ialah tindakan menyebarkan pesan-pesan Islam kepada umat manusia agar meyakini kebenaran Islam itu. Dalam kaitannya dengan konteks Kota Langsa, masyarakat yang menjadi sasaran dakwah bukan hanya beragama Islam, tetapi terdapat juga agama lain seperti Kristen dan Budha. Concern dari tulisan ini adalah untuk mengkaji bagaimana pelaksanaan dakwah pada masyarakat Kota Langsa Provinsi Aceh yang pluralis, sehingga dakwah tidak lagi identik dengan pendiskreditan, penghinaan dan cacian. Untuk mewujudkan paradigma dakwah yang lebih humanis itu, ada tiga hal yang perlu dipahami seorang dai dalam melaksanakan aktivitas dakwahnya. Pertama, dai harus kontekstual dalam merespon realitas sosial yang dihadapi masyarakat pluralitis tersebut. Kedua, seorang dai perlu juga memahami, bahwa satu sisi orang Islam diwajibkan untuk menyiarkan ajaran agamanya, tetapi disisi lain keberadaan agama lain pun mesti dihormati. Ketiga, untuk mewujudukan dakwah yang humanis, kegiatan dakwah tidak lagi cenderung membicarakan Islam-Kafir, beriman dan tidak beriman, sorga-neraka.
DAKWAH PADA MASYARAKAT MUSLIM MINORITAS ETNIS BALI DI KABUPATEN KONAWE SULAWESI TENGGARA
Authors: Mansur Mansur
Published: January 2018

Penelitian ini difokuskan pada profesionalisme muballigh dalam mengakomodir berbagai keterbatasan masyarakat minoritas muslim etnis Bali di Kabupaten Konawe Sulawesi Tenggara. Keterbatasan dakwah masyarakat muslim etnis Bali tidak hanya pada keterbatasan sarana dan prasarana dakwah tetapi juga keterbatasan muballigh dalam mengakses area ini. Keterbatasan juga terlihat pada kemampuan para muballigh dalam mengakomodir kesulitan menemukan waktu antara muballigh dengan masyarakatnya. Kesulitan-kesulitan ini terjadi karena berprofesi mereka yang variatif.  Data penelitian ini dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi partisivasi dan analisis telaah dokumen, dengan prosedur analisis data yang digunakan adalah reduksi data (Data reduction), penyajian data (Data Display) dan verivikasi data (Conclusion Drawing). Penelitian ini menghasilkan bahwa pola dakwah pada masyarakat muslim minoritas di wilayah ini adalah pola ceramah. Efektifitas pola ini banyak kelemahan sehingga dikembangkan pola dialog terhadap tema-tema aktual di masyarakat. Upaya tranformasi nilai-nilai keagamaan kepada anak-anak muslim di wilayah ini. dilakukan dengan beberapa cara : a. Pengajian dasar; b. Pengajian majelis taklim; c. Pengajian kitab kuning; d. Pengiriman anak mereka belajar di luar daerah; e. Melalui kesenian Islami (hadrah). Serta pola dakwah yang tepat untuk digunakan adalah dialog khusus membahas permasalahan sosial keagamaan yang dihadapi oleh masyarakat minoritas muslim di wilayah ini.
KOMODIFIKASI KEAGAMAAN DI KALANGAN PENGEMIS DI KAMPUNG PENGEMIS KOTA BANDUNG
Authors: Nuraeni Heny Gustini
Published: January 2018

Dalam masyarakat terjadi perbedaan cara pandang tentang pengemis, menurut masyarakat pada umumnya menjadi pengemis adalah sebagai satu pekerjaan yang hina, maka mereka menyebutnya, sampah masyarakat. Di Kelurahan Sukabungah inilah terletak tempat yang sering disebut sebagai “Kampung Pengemis”, tepatnya terdapat di RW 04 dan di RW 11 (Cibarengkok). Penelitian ini mencari tahu bagaimana pengemis memanfaatkan agama sebagai komoditi.Dari hasil penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa Pengemis juga mempunyai gaya hidup hedonis serba materi, agama hanya hayalan belaka. Ini sejalan dengan pemikiran Karl Marx, bahwa manusia merealisasikan diri hanya dalam khayalan agama, karena struktur masyarakat nyata tidak mengijinkan manusia merealisasikan diri dengan sungguh-sungguh. Para pengemis tidak benar-benar menghayati keagaman yang mereka anut, ritual yang dilakukan seperti shalat dan puasa tidak merubah pola pikir dan cara hidup mereka yang tetap memilih menjadi pengemis, sesudah kayapun mereka tetap saja mengemis, bahkan aktivitas itu ditularkan kepada keturunannya hingga empat generasi. Dikalangan pengemis, mereka melakukan modifikasi terhadap ajaran-ajaran agama sehingga mampu menghasilkan keuntungan secara ekonomi sesuai dengan keinginan dan harapan, mereka telah melakukan komodifikasi keagamaan. Barang-barang keagaman dikalangan pengemis muncul dalam berbagai bentuk, rupa, dan warna. Menghafal Al-Qur’an, Al-Qur’an itu sendiri, doa, jampi-jampi, berbagai jenis minyak pengasihan, rajah untuk mendapatkan kekuatan, sesaji, untuk manusia yang dianggap keramat, ini semua memiliki nilai pertukaran dan kegunaan. Barang-barang keagamaan tersebut memiliki satu sifat yakni ekonomi.
A research on the facebook post of teacher candidates and the reasons of posting
Öğretmen adaylarının facebook paylaşımları ve paylaşım yapma nedenleri üzerine bir araştırma
Authors: Başer Gülsoy Vesile Gül , Sevim Çırak Neşe , Ulutaş Ayşe , Erol Osman , Sevli Onur
Published: January 2018

The main purpose of this current study is determining Facebook usage and posts of teacher candidates and reasons of posting on Facebook. The study is conducted with 21 participants who study at different departments and classes in Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Faculty of Education are participated in this current study.  This study is conducted as case study which is a method of qualitative studies. Data was obtained with a semi structured questionnaire with is combined of 10 questions. In addition to the semi structured questions, participants were asked to if possible to control their posts on Facebook platform in last month. In detail, it was asked how they decided to share these posts on Facebook and what kind of things share on there. According to results, generally participants use Facebook for sharing information, funny videos, following family members and friends and communication with their friends. Participants state that they generally posting on Facebook in order to show their moods to friends tell themselves to others and give social messages. It is suggested that this study can be conducted again with different and more participants who study in different universities. Extended English abstract is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı yaygın kullanılan sosyal ağlardan biri olan Facebook’un öğretmen adayları tarafından kullanım durumları, öğretmen adaylarının Facebook paylaşımları ve paylaşım yapma nedenlerini ortaya koymaktır.Çalışmaya 2016-2017 eğitim öğretim yılı güz döneminde Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi farklı bölüm ve sınıflarında öğrenim gören ve Facebook’u aktif olarak kullanan 21 öğrenci katılmıştır. Bu çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan durum çalışması deseni kullanılmıştır. Çalışma verileri yarı yapılandırılmış 10 görüşme sorusu ile toplanmıştır. Hazırlanan soruların yanı sıra katılımcıların izinleri doğrultusunda, katılımcılarla birlikte mobil cihazlarından Facebook hesaplarındaki son bir aylık paylaşımları incelenmiş ve katılımcılara Facebook platformunda yapmış oldukları paylaşımları yapmaya nasıl karar verdikleri ve bu paylaşımları yapma amaçları ayrıntılı bir şekilde sorulmuştur. Katılımcıların Facebook’u genel olarak bilgi paylaşımı yapma, komik videolar paylaşma, aile ve arkadaşlarını takip etme ve iletişim kurma amacıyla kullandıkları görülmektedir. Katılımcılar Facebook’ta paylaşımı en çok içinde bulundukları ruh hallerini arkadaşlarına bildirme, kendilerini başkalarına ifade etme ve sosyal mesaj verme amaçlarıyla yapmaktadır. Benzer çalışmaların farklı üniversite ve farklı bölümlerde öğrenim gören daha fazla sayıda katılımcı ile gerçekleştirilmesi önerilmektedir.
An investigation of 7th grade students’ synthesizing mind skills
Ortaokul yedinci sınıf öğrencilerinin sentezleyen zihin özelliklerinin incelenmesi
Authors: Altındağ Mustafa , Senemoğlu Nuray
Published: January 2018

In this study, it was investigated that to what extent the 7th grade math and science students have the synthesizing mind skills. The study group was formed by students in three schools (above average, average, and below average) located in Ankara. The schools were chosen according to Level Determination Examination scores in 2012. The data was gathered by an observation form, a scenario and student interview form, developed by the researcher. During science observation, average school students show the synthesizing mind skills more than the ones in other schools; in interviews, the students of above average school defined the level of their behaviours as below average, the students of below average school defined their behaviors as above average. Except for these particular circumstances, the extent of students’ synthesizing mind skills had the same characteristics as the academic grading of the schools. It was observed that the show of the synthesizing mind skills in the teaching-learning environment is largely dependent on the teachers’ abilities. For this reason, teachers should be trained to develop the synthesized mind skills of students.Extended English abstract is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetBu araştırmada yedinci sınıf Matematik ve Fen Bilimleri derslerinde öğrencilerin sentezleyen zihin becerisinin göstergesi olan davranışları hangi düzeyde sergiledikleri incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu; Seviye Belirleme Sınavı puanlarına göre belirlenen yüksek, orta ve düşük başarı düzeyinde üç okulun birer yedinci sınıfının öğrencileri oluşturmuştur. Araştırma verileri; araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen, gözlem formu, senaryo formu ve görüşme formu ile toplanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda; gözlemler sırasında Fen Bilimleri dersinde orta düzey okulun diğer okullara göre daha yüksek düzeyde davranış sergilemesi, görüşmelerde yüksek düzey okul öğrencilerinin davranış düzeylerini düşük görmesi ve düşük düzey okul öğrencilerinin kendilerine yüksek puan vermesi dışında; öğrencilerin sentezleyen zihin becerilerini sergileme düzeylerinin, okulların başarı düzeylerine benzer şekilde sıralandığı görülmüştür. Öğretme-öğrenme ortamında sentezleyen zihin özelliklerinin sergilenmesinin büyük ölçüde öğretmenin niteliğine bağlı olduğu gözlenmiştir. Bu nedenle öğretmenlerin hizmet öncesi ve hizmet içinde öğrencilerin sentezleyen zihin özelliklerini geliştirecek eğitimleri almaları sağlanmalıdır.
A Primer on Carnot Groups: Homogenous Groups, Carnot-Carathéodory Spaces, and Regularity of Their Isometries
Authors: Le Donne Enrico
Published: January 2018

Carnot groups are distinguished spaces that are rich of structure: they are those Lie groups equipped with a path distance that is invariant by left-translations of the group and admit automorphisms that are dilations with respect to the distance. We present the basic theory of Carnot groups together with several remarks.We consider them as special cases of graded groups and as homogeneous metric spaces.We discuss the regularity of isometries in the general case of Carnot-Carathéodory spaces and of nilpotent metric Lie groups.
Public Health Insurance with Monopolistically Competitive Providers and Optional Spot Sales
Authors: Sorek Gilad , Randolph Beard T.
Published: January 2018

We study the implications of extending public-insurance coverage over differentiated medical products of the same therapeutic group to market outcomes. The public insurer can set the reimbursement level for medical providers and the copayment for the insured for medical care provided under the policy coverage, but cannot directly control providers’ spot sales (outside of insurance) price. In this setup, the price offered by the public insurer to medical providers must maintain their reservation profit from selling on the spot market directly to consumers. We show that the public insurer can manipulate this reservation profit by setting the copayment rate, and thereby promote market welfare while increasing consumers’ surplus due to lower medical prices and lower market entry. The results survive generalizations including moral hazard and incomplete insurance coverage.
Gravitational instantons with faster than quadratic curvature decay (II)
Authors: Chen Gao , Chen Xiuxiong
Published: January 2018

This is our second paper in a series to study gravitational instantons, i.e. complete hyperkähler 4-manifolds with faster than quadratic curvature decay. We prove two main theorems:
(i) The asymptotic rate of gravitational instantons to the standard models can be improved automatically.
(ii) Any ALF-

D
k

D_{k}

gravitational instanton must be the Cherkis–Hitchin–Ivanov–Kapustin–Lindström–Roček metric.
The Interface Reaction between Titanium and Iron-Nickel alloys
Authors: Wierzba Bartek , Nowak Wojciech J. , Serafin Daria
Published: January 2018

The reaction zones between pure titanium and iron-nickel and pure nickel at 1173 K have been characterized. Two alloys with different initial composition were analyzed. When Ni80Fe20 is used the layer sequence at the reaction interface is: Ni80Fe20 → Ni3Ti → NiTi → NiTi2 →Ti, while for Ni48Fe52 the sequence is: Ni48Fe52 → Ni3Ti → TiFe2 → TiFe → NiTi2 → Ti. The difference is in formation of NiTi, TiFe2 and TiFe phases. The reaction zone remains very thin independently of time due to the fast dissolution rate of Ti in the alloy. The two different elementary chemical interaction processes have been identified in this article, namely the growth of the reaction layers by solid state diffusion and chemical conversion of the compounds by reaction-diffusion in the solid state. The mathematical description combining these processes is presented for description of the diffusion path generated during diffusion process.
Effect of Pre-Oxidation on the Steam Oxidation of Heat-Resistant Steel T92
Authors: Hong Xu , Zhiyuan Liang , Jianliang Ding , Qinxin Zhao , Shipian Guan
Published: January 2018

Effect of pre-oxidation on the steam oxidation of T92 heat-resistant steel at 650 °C was investigated. The results show that the mass gain and the oxide thickness of T92 sample with pre-oxidation treatment were lower than that of T92 sample after exposure in steam at 650 °C. The compact and discrete Cr-rich oxide which formed on the pre-oxidized specimen hindered ion diffusion, leading to the lower oxidation rate. The effect of pre-oxidation worked at the initial stage due to the protective Cr-rich layer formed in air gas. After a long time exposure in steam, the pre-oxidation influence decreased slowly and eventually disappeared. What’s more, the adhesion property of oxide scale was improved by pre-oxidation.
Heralded orthogonalisation of coherent states and their conversion to discrete-variable superpositions
Authors: Kruse Regina , Silberhorn Christine , Bartley Tim
Published: January 2018

The nonorthogonality of coherent states is a fundamental property which prevents them from being perfectly and deterministically discriminated. Here, we present an experimentally feasible protocol for the probabilistic orthogonalisation of a pair of coherent states, independent of their amplitude and phase. In contrast to unambiguous state discrimination, a successful operation of our protocol is heralded without measuring the states. As such, they remain suitable for further manipulation and the obtained orthogonal states serve as a discretevariable basis. Therefore, our protocol doubles as a simple continuous-to-discrete variable converter, which may find application in hybrid continuous-discrete quantum information processing protocols.
Interval-Valued Fuzzy Soft Graphs
Authors: Zihni Onur , Çelik Yıldıray , Kara Güven
Published: January 2018

In this paper, we combine concepts of interval-valued fuzzy soft sets and graph theory. Then we introduce notations of interval-valued fuzzy soft graphs and complete interval-valued fuzzy soft graphs. We also present several different types operations including cartesian product, strong product and composition on interval-valued fuzzy soft graphs and investigate some properties of them.
Alternating adjectives
Authors: Ramchand Gillian
Published: January 2018

The paper describes a puzzle in the semantics of a class of English adjectives which alternate systematically in meaning. We know from the literature on adjectival meanings that the STIMULUS vs. EXPERIENCER pair of roles forms the basis of two kinds of adjectives in English depending on whether the STIMULUS or the EXPERIENCER is the one who holds the property. Our puzzle adjectives alternate between these two readings in a way parallel to the morphologically marked adjectival participles (in -edvs. -ing) of Object Experiencer verbs. I argue further that there are reasons to think that the relationship between these two roles in this alternation is a stative version of causation, with the STIMULUS reading of the adjective being derived from the Psych EXPERIENCER reading. The existence of this alternation shows that within simple property ascriptions (of which adjectival predication is a prototypical expression) a distinction is made between Holders of properties simpliciter, and Holders of causational-properties. Thus, in analysing this adjectival puzzle as a parallel to verbal diathesis, the paper contributes to the debate on the similarities and differences between states and dynamic events.
Aerobic Exercise Preconception and During Pregnancy Enhances Oxidative Capacity in the Hindlimb Muscles of Mice Offspring
Authors: Liu Jenney , Lee Icksoo , Feng Han-Zhong , Galen Sujay S. , Hüttemann Philipp P. , Perkins Guy A. , Jin J.-P. , Hüttemann Maik , Malek Moh H.
Published: January 2018

Liu, J, Lee, I, Feng, H-Z, Galen, SS, Hüttemann, PP, Perkins, GA, Jin, J-P, Hüttemann, M, and Malek, MH. Aerobic exercise preconception and during pregnancy enhances oxidative capacity in the hindlimb muscles of mice offspring. J Strength Cond Res 32(5): 1391–1403, 2018—Little is known about the effect of maternal exercise on offspring skeletal muscle health. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to determine whether maternal exercise (preconception and during pregnancy) alters offspring skeletal muscle capillarity and mitochondrial biogenesis. We hypothesized that offspring from exercised dams would have higher capillarity and mitochondrial density in the hindlimb muscles compared with offspring from sedentary dams. Female mice in the exercise condition had access to a running wheel in their individual cage 30 days before mating and throughout pregnancy, whereas the sedentary group did not have access to the running wheel before mating and during pregnancy. Male offspring from both groups were killed when they were 2 months old, and their tissues were analyzed. The results indicated no significant (p > 0.05) mean differences for capillarity density, capillarity-to-fiber ratio, or regulators of angiogenesis such as VEGF-A and TSP-1. Compared with offspring from sedentary dams, however, offspring from exercised dams had an increase in protein expression of myosin heavy chain type I (MHC I) (∼134%; p = 0.009), but no change in MHC II. For mitochondrial morphology, we found significant (all p-values ≤ 0.0124) increases in mitochondrial volume density (∼55%) and length (∼18%) as well as mitochondria per unit area (∼19%). For mitochondrial enzymes, there were also significant (all p-values ≤ 0.0058) increases in basal citrate synthase (∼79%) and cytochrome c oxidase activity (∼67%) in the nonoxidative muscle fibers as well as increases in basal (ATP) (∼52%). Last, there were also significant mean differences in protein expression for regulators (FIS1, Lon protease, and TFAM) of mitochondrial biogenesis. These findings suggest that maternal exercise before and during pregnancy enhances offspring skeletal muscle mitochondria functionality, but not capillarity.
An Innovative Method for Interpretation of Asphalt Boil Test
Authors: Tayebali Akhtarhusein A. , Kusam Abhilash , Bacchi Christopher
Published: January 2018

In this study, an innovative method is presented to interpret a visually subjective test method related to the compatibility of asphalt and aggregate to moisture damage. This methodology measures the loss of adhesion between asphalt and aggregate using a colorimeter device. Visual test methods have been considered as subjective tests for the past seven or more decades, but with the advancement of technology and, in particular, the use of colorimeter devices, the results of these tests can now be interpreted in a quantitative manner. Although not shown in this particular study, this approach should be applicable to all visually subjective and even mechanistic or semimechanistic test methods that are used to evaluate asphalt mixtures’ susceptibility to moisture damage. The application of this approach has immense potential for other fields in asphalt technology such as tack coat curing-breaking time and visual survey of oxidation of asphalt concrete pavements.
Physiological and pathological implications of retinoid action in the endometrium
Authors: Jiang Yanwen , Chen Lu , Taylor Robert N , Li Chunjin , Zhou Xu
Published: January 2018

Retinol (vitamin A) and its derivatives, collectively known as retinoids, are required for maintaining vision, immunity, barrier function, reproduction, embryogenesis and cell proliferation and differentiation. Despite the fact that most events in the endometrium are predominantly regulated by steroid hormones (estrogens and progesterone), accumulating evidence shows that retinoid signaling is also involved in the development and maintenance of the endometrium, stromal decidualization and blastocyst implantation. Moreover, aberrant retinoid metabolism seems to be a critical factor in the development of endometriosis, a common gynecological disease, which affects up to 10% of reproductive age women and is characterized by the ectopic localization of endometrial-like tissue in the pelvic cavity. This review summarizes recent advances in research on the mechanisms and molecular actions of retinoids in normal endometrial development and physiological function. The potential roles of abnormal retinoid signaling in endometriosis are also discussed. The objectives are to identify limitations in current knowledge regarding the molecular actions of retinoids in endometrial biology and to stimulate new investigations toward the development potential therapeutics to ameliorate or prevent endometriosis symptoms.
ACaenorhabditis elegansZinc Finger Transcription Factor,ztf-6, Required for the Specification of a Dopamine Neuron-Producing Lineage
Authors: Doitsidou Maria , Minevich Gregory , Kroll Jason R , Soete Gwen , Gowtham Sriharsh , Korswagen Hendrik C , Sebastiaan van Zon Jeroen , Hobert Oliver
Published: January 2018

Invertebrate and vertebrate nervous systems generate different types of dopaminergic neurons in distinct parts of the brain. We have taken a genetic approach to understand how the four functionally related, but lineally unrelated, classes of dopaminergic neurons of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, located in distinct parts of its nervous system, are specified. We have identified several genes involved in the generation of a specific dopaminergic neuron type that is generated from the so-called postdeirid lineage, called PDE. Apart from classic proneural genes and components of the mediator complex, we identified a novel, previously uncharacterized zinc finger transcription factor, ztf-6. Loss of ztf-6 has distinct effects in different dopamine neuron-producing neuronal lineages. In the postdeirid lineage, ztf-6 is required for proper cell division patterns and the proper distribution of a critical cell fate determinant, the POP-1/TCF-like transcription factor.
Egg Case Silk Gene Sequences fromArgiopeSpiders: Evidence for Multiple Loci and a Loss of Function Between Paralogs
Authors: Chaw R Crystal , Collin Matthew , Wimmer Marjorie , Helmrick Kara-Leigh , Hayashi Cheryl Y
Published: January 2018

Spiders swath their eggs with silk to protect developing embryos and hatchlings. Egg case silks, like other fibrous spider silks, are primarily composed of proteins called spidroins (spidroin = spider-fibroin). Silks, and thus spidroins, are important throughout the lives of spiders, yet the evolution of spidroin genes has been relatively understudied. Spidroin genes are notoriously difficult to sequence because they are typically very long (≥ 10 kb of coding sequence) and highly repetitive. Here, we investigate the evolution of spider silk genes through long-read sequencing of Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) clones. We demonstrate that the silver garden spider Argiope argentata has multiple egg case spidroin loci with a loss of function at one locus. We also use degenerate PCR primers to search the genomic DNA of congeneric species and find evidence for multiple egg case spidroin loci in other Argiope spiders. Comparative analyses show that these multiple loci are more similar at the nucleotide level within a species than between species. This pattern is consistent with concerted evolution homogenizing gene copies within a genome. More complicated explanations include convergent evolution or recent independent gene duplications within each species.
Prediction of Multiple-Trait and Multiple-Environment Genomic Data Using Recommender Systems
Authors: Montesinos-López Osval A , Montesinos-López Abelardo , Crossa José , Montesinos-López José C , Mota-Sanchez David , Estrada-González Fermín , Gillberg Jussi , Singh Ravi , Mondal Suchismita , Juliana Philomin
Published: January 2018

In genomic-enabled prediction, the task of improving the accuracy of the prediction of lines in environments is difficult because the available information is generally sparse and usually has low correlations between traits. In current genomic selection, although researchers have a large amount of information and appropriate statistical models to process it, there is still limited computing efficiency to do so. Although some statistical models are usually mathematically elegant, many of them are also computationally inefficient, and they are impractical for many traits, lines, environments, and years because they need to sample from huge normal multivariate distributions. For these reasons, this study explores two recommender systems: item-based collaborative filtering (IBCF) and the matrix factorization algorithm (MF) in the context of multiple traits and multiple environments. The IBCF and MF methods were compared with two conventional methods on simulated and real data. Results of the simulated and real data sets show that the IBCF technique was slightly better in terms of prediction accuracy than the two conventional methods and the MF method when the correlation was moderately high. The IBCF technique is very attractive because it produces good predictions when there is high correlation between items (environment–trait combinations) and its implementation is computationally feasible, which can be useful for plant breeders who deal with very large data sets.
Advances in Engineering the Fly Genome with the CRISPR-Cas System
Authors: Bier Ethan , Harrison Melissa M , O’Connor-Giles Kate M , Wildonger Jill
Published: January 2018

Drosophila has long been a premier model for the development and application of cutting-edge genetic approaches. The CRISPR-Cas system now adds the ability to manipulate the genome with ease and precision, providing a rich toolbox to interrogate relationships between genotype and phenotype, to delineate and visualize how the genome is organized, to illuminate and manipulate RNA, and to pioneer new gene drive technologies. Myriad transformative approaches have already originated from the CRISPR-Cas system, which will likely continue to spark the creation of tools with diverse applications. Here, we provide an overview of how CRISPR-Cas gene editing has revolutionized genetic analysis in Drosophila and highlight key areas for future advances.
Subcellular Specialization and Organelle Behavior in Germ Cells
Authors: Yamashita Yukiko M
Published: January 2018

Gametes, eggs and sperm, are the highly specialized cell types on which the development of new life solely depends. Although all cells share essential organelles, such as the ER (endoplasmic reticulum), Golgi, mitochondria, and centrosomes, germ cells display unique regulation and behavior of organelles during gametogenesis. These germ cell-specific functions of organelles serve critical roles in successful gamete production. In this chapter, I will review the behaviors and roles of organelles during germ cell differentiation.
A Role for the Respiratory Chain in Regulating Meiosis Initiation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Zhao Haichao , Wang Qian , Liu Chao , Shang Yongliang , Wen Fuping , Wang Fang , Liu Weixiao , Xiao Wei , Li Wei
Published: January 2018

Meiosis is a specific type of cell division that is essential for sexual reproduction in most eukaryotes. Mitochondria are crucial cellular organelles that play important roles in reproduction, though the detailed mechanism by which the mitochondrial respiratory chain functions during meiosis remains elusive. Here, we show that components of the respiratory chain (Complexes I–V) play essential roles in meiosis initiation during the sporulation of budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Any functional defects in the Complex I component Ndi1p resulted in the abolishment of sporulation. Further studies revealed that respiratory deficiency resulted in the failure of premeiotic DNA replication due to insufficient IME1 expression. In addition, respiration promoted the expression of RIM101, whose product inhibits Smp1p, a negative transcriptional regulator of IME1, to promote meiosis initiation. In summary, our studies unveiled the close relationship between mitochondria and sporulation, and uncover a novel meiosis initiation pathway that is regulated by the respiratory chain.
Neonatal Morbidity at Term, Early Child Development, and School Performance: A Population Study
Authors: Bentley Jason P. , Schneuer Francisco J. , Lain Samantha J. , Martin Andrew J. , Gordon Adrienne , Nassar Natasha
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVES:

Investigate the association between severe neonatal morbidity (SNM) and child development and school performance among term infants.

METHODS:

The study population included term infants without major congenital conditions born between 2000 and 2007 in New South Wales, Australia, with a linked record of developmental assessment at ages 4 to 6 years in 2009 or 2012 (n = 144 535) or school performance at ages 7 to 9 years from 2009 to 2014 (n = 253 447). Developmental outcomes included special needs or being vulnerable and/or at risk in 1 of 5 developmental domains. School performance outcomes were test exemption, or performing <−1 SD on reading or numeracy tests. Binary generalized estimating equations were used to estimate associations between SNM and outcomes, adjusting for sociodemographic, perinatal, and assessment and/or test characteristics.

RESULTS:

Overall, 2.1% of infants experienced SNM. The adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for SNM and physical health was 1.18 (1.08–1.29), 1.14 (1.02–1.26) for language and cognitive skills, and 1.14 (1.06–1.24) and 1.13 (1.05–1.21) for scoring <−1 SD in reading and numeracy, respectively. SNM was most strongly associated with special needs 1.34 (1.15–1.55) and test exemption 1.50 (1.25–1.81). SNM infants born at 37 to 38 weeks’ gestation and who were small for gestational age had the greatest likelihood of poorer outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS:

Term infants with SNM have greater odds of poor neurodevelopment in childhood. These findings provide population-based information for families and can inform clinical counseling and guidelines for follow-up and early intervention.
Monitoring the Postnatal Growth of Preterm Infants: A Paradigm Change
Authors: Villar Jose , Giuliani Francesca , Barros Fernando , Roggero Paola , Coronado Zarco Irma Alejandra , Rego Maria Albertina S. , Ochieng Roseline , Gianni Maria Lorella , Rao Suman , Lambert Ann , Ryumina Irina , Britto Carl , Chawla Deepak , Cheikh Ismail Leila , Ali Syed Rehan , Hirst Jane , Teji Jagjit Singh , Abawi Karim , Asibey Jacqueline , Agyeman-Duah Josephine , McCormick Kenny , Bertino Enrico , Papageorghiou Aris T. , Figueras-Aloy Josep , Bhutta Zulfiqar , Kennedy Stephen
Published: January 2018

There is no consensus regarding how the growth of preterm infants should be monitored or what constitutes their ideal pattern of growth, especially after term-corrected age. The concept that the growth of preterm infants should match that of healthy fetuses is not substantiated by data and, in practice, is seldom attained, particularly for very preterm infants. Hence, by hospital discharge, many preterm infants are classified as postnatal growth–restricted. In a recent systematic review, 61 longitudinal reference charts were identified, most with considerable limitations in the quality of gestational age estimation, anthropometric measures, feeding regimens, and how morbidities were described. We suggest that the correct comparator for assessing the growth of preterm infants, especially those who are moderately or late preterm, is a cohort of preterm newborns (not fetuses or term infants) with an uncomplicated intrauterine life and low neonatal and infant morbidity. Such growth monitoring should be comprehensive, as recommended for term infants, and should include assessments of postnatal length, head circumference, weight/length ratio, and, if possible, fat and fat-free mass. Preterm postnatal growth standards meeting these criteria are now available and may be used to assess preterm infants until 64 weeks’ postmenstrual age (6 months’ corrected age), the time at which they overlap, without the need for any adjustment, with the World Health Organization Child Growth Standards for term newborns. Despite remaining nutritional gaps, 90% of preterm newborns (ie, moderate to late preterm infants) can be monitored by using the International Fetal and Newborn Growth Consortium for the 21st Century Preterm Postnatal Growth Standards from birth until life at home.
Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Bioaccumulation In Fish and Mussels from Jakarta Bay
Authors: Putri Ajeng Kurniasari , Barokah Giri Rohmad , Andarwulan Nuri
Published: January 2018

Aquatic environment of Jakarta Bay have already been highlighted due to its heavy metals contamination which may lead into food safety concern of fisheries products derived from this region. This research aimed to investigate bioaccumulation level of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and As) in fish and mussels from Jakarta Bay, as a human risk assessment of seafood consumption. Samples of mussels and fish were taken from Penjaringan, Tarumanegara, Cilincing, and Tanjung Pasir district. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals was analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma -Mass Spectrometry technique. Results of the study revealed that metals bioaccumulation in fisheries products were varied, with As (Arsenic) as the highest metal contaminant (0.68 mg/kg, dry weight). Furthermore, estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), total target hazard quotient (TTHQ), and safety limits prescribed by various agencies, showed that consumption of fisheries products from Jakarta Bay considered as relatively safe for human health in total of food ingestion rate of fish 57.34 g/day. These results are expected to serve as a baseline to construct preventive and palliative policies for food safety of fisheries products from Jakarta Bay.
Comparison of Storet and Pollution Index Method to Assess the Environmental Pollution Status: A Case Study from Lampung Bay, Indonesia
Authors: Barokah Giri Rohmad , Ariyani Farida , Siregar Tuti Hartati
Published: January 2018

The determination of pollution status is an important process of environmental quality monitoring especially in strategic waters for coastal areas, such as in Lampung Bay. An effective and sensitive Water Quality Index (WQI) method is needed, to accurately determine the environmental pollution status. This study aimed to compare the sensitivity of Storage and Retrieval of Water Quality data System (STORET) and Pollution Index (PI) as a WQI method, a case study from Lampung Bay coastal waters, Indonesia.  Water quality analysis i.e. Dissolve Oxygen (DO), pH, salinity, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate and ammonia was conducted spatially (three zones of Lampung Bay; river mouth, aquaculture and bay area) and seasonally (April and October 2015). The study found that nitrate and phosphate values were exceeded the limits of water quality standard (Indonesia Ministry of Environment Decree No. 51/2004) for marine organisms. However it may still support the aquaculture activities. The two WQI methods produced different pollution status of Lampung bay. STORET was found to be more sensitive method. Pollution Index method revealed a status of moderately polluted while STORET showed heavily polluted status. Therefore, this study suggest the use of STORET index, compare to Pollution Index, in an assessment of pollution status at watershed area.