bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studi awal masa berbunga dan berbuah Sauromatum horsfieldii Miq. (Araceae) di Pulau Bali
Authors: Kurniawan Agung , Wong Sin Yeng
Published: July 2022

Studi masa berbunga dan berbuah Sauromatum horsfieldii Miq. (Araceae) di habitat alaminya adalah observasi biologi bunga Araceae pertama yang dilakukan di Bali. Studi awal ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui masa berbunga dan berbuah S. horsfieldii yang hidup secara alami di area Kebun Raya “Eka Karya” Bali - LIPI. Hasil observasi memperlihatkan bahwa durasi berbunga S. horsfieldii memerlukan waktu >16 hari, sementara durasi berbuah memakan waktu ±60 hari. Satu siklus masa matang (anthesis) bunga betina dan jantan berlangsung selama ±72 jam. Bunga betina lebih dahulu mengalami anthesis dibandingkan dengan bunga jantan. Serangga diduga merupakan hewan penyerbuk yang membantu keberhasilan proses penyerbukan bunga.
Uji antibakteri teh hitam dan teh hijau kombucha pada methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Authors: Pramesti Cyrilla Angelica Andhika , Khikmah Nur , Sulistyani Nunung
Published: July 2022

Teh kombucha memiliki aktivitas  antibakteri pada bakteri Gram negatif, Gram positif, dan bakteri yang resisten terhadap antibiotik. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) merupakan salah satu strain bakteri Staphylococcus aureus yang sudah mengalami resistensi terhadap antibiotika. MRSA merupakan penyebab utama infeksi nosokomial dan berbagai sindrom klinik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri teh kombucha dan mengetahui perbedaan daya antibakteri teh hitam kombucha dan teh hijau kombucha dalam menghambat MRSA.  Kombucha teh hitam dan kombucha teh hijau dibuat dengan fermentasi cair. Uji antibakteri teh kombucha pada MRSA dilakukan dengan metode difusi sumuran. Perbedaan antibakteri teh hitam kombucha dan teh hijau kombucha dianalisis menggunakan uji-t.  Teh hijau kombucha memiliki kadar asam total yang lebih tinggi dengan pH yang lebih rendah dibandingkan teh hitam kombucha. Teh hitam kombucha dan teh hijau kombucha mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri pada MRSA yang ditunjukkan dengan terbentuknya zona irradikal dengan diameter 14 ±  0,85 mm dan 17,1 ± 0,93 mm. Zona irradikal menunjukkan aktivitas teh hitam kombucha dan teh hijau kombucha dikategorikan lemah.  Oleh karena itu, teh kombucha belum efektif sebagai antibakteri terhadap MRSA.  Hasil uji-t menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan aktivitas antibakteri antara teh hitam kombucha dan teh hijau kombucha pada Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
Chemical Constituents of Essential oil of Syringa vulgaris flowers
Authors: Gecer Esma Nur
Published: July 2022

Medicinal plants gain a great interest in the drug development process due to their bioactive compounds content. Syringa vulgaris has been used as traditional medicine and it has considerable biological effects. In this study, essential oil (EO) was generated from Syringa vulgaris flowers by hydrodistillation and the chemical constituents were identified by GC/MS/MS analysis. The GC/MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of 57 compounds, and linalool (26.34%), α-terpineol (10.84%), trans geraniol (9.83%), α-bisabolol (4.50%), cis-nerol acetate (5.28%), lavandulyl acetate (4.32%) were found as major products.
Chongqing y Veracruz: consideraciones generales sobre desarrollo económico regional
Authors: Romero Cervantes Fuentes Juan Fernando , Santiago Mendoza Mario Alberto
Published: July 2022

El impresionante crecimiento de China combina factores de extrema modernidad implicados en la tecnología, la investigación y el desarrollo científico del más alto nivel, mezclados con elementos tradicionales. Ya lo señala Herman Kahn -siguiendo a Max Weberal explicar el poder de crecimiento económico de Asia por medio de la ética confuciana, misma que “desarrolló un similar, pero más espectacular rol en la modernización del este asiático del que la ética protestante jugó en Europa”.
Percepción de niveles de satisfacción de habitabilidad en la vivienda japonesa
Authors: Uehara-Guerrero Ma Guadalupe Noemi , Mendoza-Kaplan Laura , Cerqueda-Méndez Alfredo
Published: July 2022

Como parte del programa Post Urban Living Innovation, Education and Research Program (PULI) en octubre del 2019 realizamos trabajo campo in situ en Chiba para conocer los niveles de satisfacción de habitabilidad en las viviendas japonesas. La investigación presenta los resultados obtenidos y propuestas para mejorar la calidad de vida de los habitantes.
Application of Decision Tree Model in Mass Land Valuation: A Case Study in Vung Tau City
Authors: Huu Cuong Nguyen
Published: July 2022

Land valuation is one of many important tasks in land use and management. In order to be objective and scientific in land valuation, it is necessary to identify factors affecting land price and quantify the relationship between land feature factors and land value. The goal of the study is to apply the decision-tree regression model to build mass land pricing models in Vung Tau city. The decision-tree regression model is applied in land valuation by determining the relationship between a combination of land feature factors and corresponding averaged land price. Research on building the land pricing model with independent variables includes business density, area, road types, business activities and road width based on 883 survey samples. The final result of this tree model was categorized into 51 divided groups, and pruned trees included 15 divided groups. The importance of the independent variables, namely, business density, region, road level, business activities and road width are 100%, 83.48%, 78.87%, 58.78% and 10.03% respectively. The interpretation rate of the independent variables to the formation of land price model is 86%. The decision-tree regression model suggests another approach to land valuation theory.
The Feasibility of Solar Energy in Kirkuk City Through Using PV Module
Authors: Al-Bayati Sami R. A.
Published: July 2022

The total solar energy intensity on the horizontal surface measured for the Kirkuk city. This is obtained by rneasuring theshort circuit current induced from standard PV module consistir-rgof 36 PV cell connected in series. The measurement performed ateach hour of daylight for a period of one year. The measured data compared with data obtained theoretically from tire empirical formulas, which indicates that the theoretical prediction of the solar energy intensity is 31% larger than the measured values. The result indicates that the Kirkuk city receives a large quantity of solar energy, because the percent of the sunshine hour to the cloud covered hour is found to be 89%. comparative cost analysis of the electricity from the PV solar cell and diesel system shows that the electricity from PV solar system at Kirkuk city is cheaper than that obtained from diesel system of about 40.6% when 15 year working period is considered.
Wastewater Treatment Using Modified Alumina
Authors: Ghani Saba A. , Wiheeb Ahmed D.
Published: July 2022

Alumina surface was modified by adsorption of an anionic surfactant, sodium sulfate (S.S). Typical S-shaped isotherm of surfactant on alumina was observed. The adsorption of herbicide on alumina and surfactant treated alumina has been investigated.The enhancement in adsorption of herbicide on surfactant treated alumina is observed, which may be attributed to the solubilization of herbicide on surfactant aggregates formed at solid/liquid interface. The effect of pH on adsorption has been studied. The adsorption is greatly influenced by pH of the medium. The applicability of Freundlich equation was tested for equilibrium data. The influence of various factors such as initial concentration, and mass of adsorbent on adsorption was also studied. The batch kinetics has been tested to pseudo second order reaction and rate constants were calculated.
Ground Water Recharge Estimation In Mosul for the Raining Season 2001/2002
Authors: Khidir Khalid M. , Bader Huda H.
Published: July 2022

Groundwater is considered the most important natural sources for the Mosul city, therefore the studies concentrated toward the evaluation of this resource. Data were collected from 30 wells in Mosul around Tigris river ,which includes rainfall topography and ground water levels and its fluctuation in order to compute recharges, source and the methods of its development by using sophisticated methods in data gathering and analyzing. Incurrent study the Geographic information systems (Arc View GIS) and Surfer 32 were used to estimate the quantity of ground water recharge in the Mosul city for the rainfall data for the season 2001/2002. Its found that the rainfall are the main sources of the ground water recharge in Mosul city.
An Experimental Study of Radioactivity Dispersion in Open Channels
Authors: Gubashi Karim Rashid , Marouf B. A. , Majed Mohammed K.
Published: July 2022

The work has been an experimental and numerical investigation of radioactivity risk assessments using tracer test technique in open channel flow. Two types of tracer have been used and then examined, pure KCl which has dual indicator at the same time electrical conductivity and radioactivity, and Carmosine (E-122) a florescence dye which used for environmental safety requirements. Thirty three runs were performed to measure solute transport in open channels flows and calculate doses that response from these concentrations. ADE models for one and two dimensional of cases instantaneous and continuous injections in steady states were applications and shown good agreement between predict and observed concentration of the mixing in the flume. The analyses and comparisons show the average MRE equal to 7.2%, and discrepancy ratio between observed and predict of φ = 45 equal to 2.66% & r2 equal to 0.984.
Impact of Concave and Convex Solid Surfaces By Liquid-Like Projectiles
Authors: Kiter Riyadh N. , Salem Sabah A. L.
Published: July 2022

A theoretical and experimental investigation of the normal impact of a flat-ended liquid slug onto ductile cylindrical solid targets is presented. The liquid slug is simulated by wax which is known to behave as a liquid in high speed impact situations. Both concave and convex types of the cylindrical target were used. The pattern of damage of the impacted Aluminum targets reveals compressed and ripple-damaged surfaces. While the convex target can be treated well by the modified model put by Kiter & Salem[5], the same cannot be said to the concave target.
Effect of Cohesive and Non-Cohesive Soils on Equilibrium Scour Depth
Authors: Khassaf Saleh Issa
Published: July 2022

In this research ,the effect of cohesive soils ( clay ) and non –cohesive soils sand on equilibrium scour depth was studied .Experiments were carried out on two types of clay and two types of sand as a bed material using an obstruction ( pier ) to create a local scour. The effect of flow velocity and Froude number on scour depth and the occurrence time of equilibrium scour depth were studied . The results show that for the same conditions, the rate of scour in the clayey soils is less than in sandy soils. Also the time required for occurrence of the maximum scour depth   ( equilibrium depth ) in clayey soils is more than in sandy soils. Two formulas were found to predict the equilibrium scour depth in terms of Froude number ,the first is for clayey soils and the second for sandy soils .
An Experimental Study Of Natural Convection Heat Transfer Through A Cavity Between Eccentric Horizontal Cylinders
Authors: Al-Mashat Saad M. , Othman Tahseen T. , Hamada Khalaf I.
Published: July 2022

An experimental study on natural convection heat transfer across an eccentric horizontal annulus under the condition of constant surface temperature was carried out. The study included clarifying the effect of eccentricity ratio and the angular position as well as the effect of Raleigh number on the ability of the inner cylinder to heat reject. An experimental set-up was done for this purpose which consists of a cooling water tank and two aluminum cylinders, the outer diameter of the inner cylinder is(26mm), electrically heated from the inside, which represents the heating element, the inner diameter of the outer cylinder is(100mm) which represent cooling element in this set-up. The experimental study showed that the ability of the inner cylinder to transmit heat with free convection is a function to eccentricity ratio and the angular position, as well as Raleigh number, where this ability increases as angular position increases for all eccentricity ratios, while the eccentricity ratio effect depends on the angular position, where the thermal performance for the inner cylinder may be better at the location (δ=180o) for the ratio (ε=0.2), where the maximum enhancement in heat transfer coefficient was recorded as(10%) at this location in comparison with concentric annulus, whilst the location (δ=0o)for the ratio (ε=0.726) was given maximum reduction in heat transfer coefficient for the inner cylinder was recorded as (23%) in comparison with concentric annulus, whilst the coefficient of heat transfer proportional directly with Raleigh number.
Thick Orthotropic Rectangular Plates on Elastic Foundations
Authors: Husain Husain M. , Al-Obaydi Ahmed A. H. , Nedaiwi Abdulameer R.
Published: July 2022

In this research, Mindlin’s thick plate theory is extended to include orthotropic plates under the effects of externally distributed moments and shearing forces at top and bottom faces of the plate. These shearing forces produce in-plane forces in plates and the extensional effects of these in-plane forces are considered. The transverse sections of the plates have five degrees of freedom. These are the transverse deflection, the two independent rotations of the normal to the middle plane and the two mutually perpendicular membrane displacements. Thus, five expressions of the governing equations for thick orthotropic plates are obtained with the inclusion of the effects of externally distributed moments and applied shearing forces. As an application to the generation of distributed moments and shearing forces, the problems of thick orthotropic plates resting on elastic foundations with both compressional and frictional restraints are investigated. The finite-difference method was used to solve the governing equations. Besides, finite elements are formulated and used. Good agreements are found in the results from both methods of solution.
An Experimental Verification of The Effect of Boundary Layer Suction on The Different Angle Diffusers
Authors: Hummad Fraih K. , Jadallah Abdullateef A.
Published: July 2022

The work described in this research is concerned mainly with the experimental verification of the effect of boundary layer suction on the diffuser performance having three different divergence angles. The test facility has been designed so as to permit different values of suction velocities (0, 0.386, 4.88 and 6.365 m/sec). The static pressure and total pressure were measured by pitot – static tube and inclined manometer. The application of boundary layer suction was found to increase the pressure recovery and hence increase the diffusion efficiency. An improvement in pressure recovery was found to be more significant for diffuser having divergence angle (15o).The maximum percentage improvement in pressure recovery obtained is (34.7 %). The study of B.L control through its suction leads to better understanding of the flow geometrical design and parameters.
Dynamic Behavior of Plate Heat Exchanger
Authors: Ahmed Duraid Fadhel
Published: July 2022

The mathematical modeling of plate heat exchanger was studied by introducing rectangular pulse change in inlet cold water flow rate and measuring the temperature of outlet cold water. A theoretical model for the plate heat exchanger was developed based on the heat balance and used the frequency response analysis techniques to determine the best model parameters. The results show that the dynamic behavior of plate heat exchanger can be approximated by a time delay with first order system and a closed fit between the theoretical coefficients of the system and these data by using frequency response method.
Resistance of Fiber Reinforced Concrete Plates to Dynamic Loads
Authors: Salih Maged Saad Frhan
Published: July 2022

The objective of this work is to study the effect of impact and blast dynamic loading upon concrete plates reinforced with normal deformed steel bars as well as steel or glass fibers. In order to examine the effect of using different volume and weight fractions of s skeletal bars and steel or glass fiber reinforcements on the impact and blast resistance, 24 plates and 24 prisms were manufactured as test specimens. A set consisting 0f 8 plates were tested under high velocity impact using 14.7 caliber bullets with a shooting distance of 63 m. The specimens with 1.5 % steel fiber and two layers of steel mesh (8 mm at 75 mm) have shown resistance to full perforation of the bullet. Improvements to the resistance to spalling, scabbing and crack growth have also been observed. Field blast testing was carried out on a second set of 8 specimens by using a charge of 100 gm located at the center of each specimen. All the plates were 160 mm thick and with had minimum reinforced of 0.75% glass fiber and a single layer of steel mesh (8 mm at 75 mm). Have shown resistance to full perforation of waves and have restricted the number, the width and the growth of cracks. The last set of the remaining 8 plates was subjected to a low speed impact test performed by a falling steel ball. Test results clearly show the significant effect of using steel and glass fiber besides deformed bars to enhance the impact resistance by 400 % and 20 % by using 1.5 % steel fiber and 0.75 % glass fiber resistance .Energy absorption capacity and ductility were also increased by 100 % and 600 % by using 1.5 steel fiber. Chang in compressive strength of about ±6 % and ± (20 – 30 ) % were observed by using 1.5% steel fibers and 0.75% glass fibers respectively. The inclusion of 1.5% steel fibers and 0.75% glass fibers together with deformed steel bars have improved the tensile strength by 200% and 70% respectively.
Performance Enhancement of The I.C. Engine By Using Thermal Storage Technique
Authors: Jasim Raid Rashad
Published: July 2022

The project of this work is to control the temperature of mixture which enters to the I.C.E. and keeping it within a certain range which enhance its performance. Four stroke, Engine working with benzene as a fuel was used. Experimental data were taken included the exhaust temperature and the flow rate of both air and fuel. These data were formulated by using suitable theoretical relations for heat exchanger. The dimensions of the exchanger were assumed to control the inlet mixture temperature. The results proved that, it is possible to control the entering mixture temperature which enters to the I.C.E. by controlling to the speed of rotary exchanger. The results were that, at the temperatures of the environment 5oC and 10 oC it was prove that the RPM of the exchanger should be 10 RPM, also at the environment temperatures 20,30, and 40 oC ,the rotation speed should be within the ranges (3-10),(2-5.5) and (1-2) RPM respectively. In order to guarantee staying the entering mixture temperature within, the required range.
Study The Creep of Tubular Shaped Fiber Reinforced Composites
Authors: Salah Najat j. , Abdul Razak Adnan A. , Hamid Hussein A. , Majdi Hassen S.
Published: July 2022

In present work tubular shaped fiber reinforced composites were manufactured by using two types of resins ( Epoxy and unsaturated polyester) and separately reinforced with glass, carbon and kevlar-49 fibers (filament and woven roving), hybrid reinforcement composites of these fibers were also prepared. The fibers were wet wound on a mandrel using a purposely designed winding machine, developed by modifying an ordinary lathe, in winding angle of 55 for filament. A creep test was made of either the full tube or specimens taken from it. Creep was found to increase upon reinforcement in accordance to the rule of mixture and mainly decided by the type of single or hybridized fibers. The creep behavior, showed that the observed strain tends to appear much faster at higher temperature as compared with that exhibited at room temperate. The creep rate also found to be depending on fiber type, matrix type, and the fiber /matrix bonding. The creep energy calculated from experimental observations was found to exhibit highest value for hybridized reinforcement.
Civil legal personality of Local Self-government bodies
Authors: Dondokov Zhargal Darmaevich
Published: July 2022

The article is aimed at revealing the problem of participation of local self–government bodies with the legal status of legal entities - institutions in civil legal relations, as well as at identifying ways to resolve it. At the practical level, the problem is expressed in the uncertainty in which cases local self-government bodies act in civil circulation on their own behalf, and in which cases on behalf of the entire municipality. Certain gaps in civil legislation today allow municipalities to create legal entities not only to establish the legal status of their bodies, but even to separate divisions of such a body. At the theoretical level, the problem is expressed in the choice of the optimal and most effective model of participation of the municipality through its bodies in civil legal relations and management of municipal property. Applying the formal legal method from the standpoint of a dialectical approach, the author examines the raised problem from the point of view of the applicability of the institution's design to local self-government bodies. As a result of his reflections, he comes to the conclusion that local self-government bodies are an integral part of a municipality, and therefore cannot be separated from it by putting on the mask of a legal entity. To do this, the author proposes to amend the civil legislation in terms of limiting the spheres of establishment of institutions to the social and cultural sphere, excluding the sphere of management from Article 123.22 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.
Agricultural prisons and colonies in the Russian Empire at the beginning of the twentieth Century: on the question of the expediency of creation and the problems of implementation
Authors: Elchaninov Andrey Petrovich , Elchaninova Olga Yurevna
Published: July 2022

In a rapidly changing world order, one of the strategic goals facing Russia at the moment is to ensure food security, which is an integral part of national security. In the Russian Federation, enterprises of various forms of ownership are currently involved in agriculture. Among them, a special place is occupied by specialized agricultural enterprises and subsidiary farms under the jurisdiction of the Federal Penitentiary Service, one of the main tasks of which is to ensure food security of the penal system. Unfortunately, the production capacities of these enterprises and their efficiency are currently insufficient, which is explained by a number of objective reasons. Meanwhile, the possibilities of the penitentiary system in the production of agricultural products, the restoration of agricultural land, the restoration of forests are quite large, which is now being talked about more and more often. The idea of using persons serving a prison sentence in the process of agricultural production is not new. At the turn of the XIX – XX centuries, these ideas were actively discussed both at international prison congresses and among Russian penitentiaries. Taking into account the relevance of the topic, this paper examines the main ideas of domestic penitentiaries on the creation of agricultural colonies and prisons in the Russian Empire, the advantages and disadvantages of correctional institutions of a new type in front of the prevailing imprisonment at that time. The conducted research allowed the authors to conclude that the main ideas developed at the beginning of the twentieth century by domestic lawyers on the creation of agricultural colonies and prisons remain relevant for Russia in the XXI century. The results of studies of the early twentieth century on the topic under consideration, after their thorough refinement, can be taken into account by modern lawyers when adjusting the concept of the development of the domestic penal system.
Comparative analysis of forensic cost expertise and valuation activities
Authors: Shuraev Danzan
Published: July 2022

The subject of the study is the regularities of the formation and functioning of the system of special knowledge, the synthesis of which forms the theoretical, legal, organizational and methodological basis of judicial cost expertise and evaluation activities. The object of the study is expert, investigative and judicial practice in cases related to determining the value of objects of expert research, as well as evaluation activities in evaluation organizations that perform cost studies of various objects. Special attention is paid to a comprehensive comparative analysis of forensic and evaluation activities, which allows you to distinguish between competence, regulatory regulation, essence, grounds for production, responsibility and the result of the activities of an expert and an appraiser. The main conclusions of the study are : judicial cost examination is carried out only on the basis of an investigator's decision or a court ruling containing legally fixed mandatory requisites; the evaluation of the object is carried out on the basis of contractual obligations. Also, the result of a forensic cost examination is an expert opinion containing mandatory details and having a structure fixed by the Law on Forensic Expertise and procedural legislation. It is important to distinguish between the legal status of an expert and an appraiser. An expert, unlike an appraiser, does not have the right to independently collect materials for forensic examination, involve other experts and specialists, interact with third parties. At the same time, the expert, unlike the appraiser, bears criminal responsibility and is a person who promotes justice and bears procedural responsibility.
Review of some documents reflecting the activities of women's and children's public organizations in the 1990s, against the background of the transition from the protection of motherhood and childhood to the protection of women's and children's rights in Russian politics
Authors: Likhodey Elena Maksimovna
Published: July 2022

The article is an overview of some documents reflecting the activities of two public organizations dealing with women's issues, and one leading activities in the field of children's issues in the 1990s in Russia. The study of documents of public organizations of that period becomes particularly relevant when studying the transition in the country's policy from the protection of motherhood and childhood to the protection of the rights of women and children, since the activities of such organizations reflect the problems that existed in society. Public organizations were often associated with state authorities, political parties or other political associations, as their representatives actively participated in the activities of the former. In this regard, the study of policy formation in this issue is impossible without studying the activities of public organizations. The article, divided into two semantic headings, examines the goals and objectives of public organizations, the agenda of events held by them, resolutions adopted, possible ways to solve public problems that form the vision of the situation by representatives of public organizations.   The scientific novelty of the presented article is determined by the fact that in order to write it, the author managed to attract a range of sources stored in the department of non-traditional press of the SPIB of Russia, and to highlight the activities of public organizations in conjunction with the history of the development of some problems in women's and children's issues in Russian politics, reflected in the documents of public organizations. In addition to these sources, periodical press data and memoirs of the participants of the described events, published by themselves, were also used. The conducted research made it possible to make additions to the process of policy formation in the women's and children's issues in the 1990s from the point of view of history. The results of the research can be used in the preparation of courses on the history of Russia, special courses on the history of state and law, when writing textbooks and textbooks.
Forenization and domestication as basic strategies of translation from Russian into Chinese (on the example of the works of A. P. Chekhov)
Authors: Du Xin
Published: July 2022

The subject of the study is the specifics of the implementation of oppositional translation strategies: forenization and domestication, which contribute to the adequate translation of a literary text from Russian into Chinese, including the elimination of interlanguage lacunae. The object of the study is the artistic works of A. P. Chekhov and their translations into Chinese. The author examines in detail the aspects of the choice of unified methods and approaches to the elimination of interlanguage gaps that arise when translating the works of A. P. Chekhov into Chinese; examines the dependence of this choice on the specifics of the lacuna: stylistic / nominative, lexical / grammatical, etc. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of interlanguage lacunae in the translations of the works of A. P. Chekhov in the context of motivation / unmotivation. The main conclusions of the study are to determine the specifics of the implementation of forenization and domestication during the translation of the works of A. P. Chekhov into Chinese. In particular, it is noted that the strategy of domestication is used to eliminate lacunae: grammatical motivated, lexical compensated motivated, etc.; the strategy of forenization to eliminate lacunae: lexical vacant motivated, stylistic motivated, etc. The author's special contribution to the research of the topic is to identify the features of the use of strategies during the translation of a literary text due to eventual conditions, therefore, it is argued that it is inappropriate to unify the ways of eliminating language inconsistencies. The scientific novelty of the study is that for the first time in the framework of considering the implementation of oppositional translation strategies: forenization and domestication, the features of eliminating interlanguage gaps during the translation of works by A. P. Chekhov of the Russian language into Chinese were presented.
Bibliometric analysis of research paradigms in linguistics
Authors: Potyakailo Sergei Aleksandrovich
Published: July 2022

The paper discusses issues related to the bibliometric analysis of current linguistic paradigms in the framework of scientific specialties 10.02.19 – Theory of Language and 10.02.04 – Germanic languages for the period from 2000 to 2020. The subject of the study is the patterns, trends and prospects for the development of current linguistic paradigms. The purpose of the work is to analyze dissertation research of scientific specialties 10.02.04 – Germanic languages and 10.02.19 – Language theory selected using structural bibliometry methods, as well as to identify promising areas for the development of the science of linguistics. In the course of the study, it was possible to substantiate the structure of the transition from one linguistic paradigm to another. Due to the permanently decreasing relevance and the need to study topics identified by keywords defining current linguistic paradigms, as well as the constant regression in publication activity, a crisis is brewing in science, according to which scientists partially or fully cannot substantiate the existing problems, the so-called anomalies, within the framework of the paradigm under study. An undoubted marker of the future bifurcation point, the moment when quantitative will turn into qualitative, is the level of research publications that dropped below the level of 2000 in 2020. The stages of T. Kuhn's theory can be traced throughout the 20s, and the data obtained by bibliometric analysis indicate a crisis in linguistic research.
Experimental optimization of Waste Cooking Oil ethanolysis for biodiesel production using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
Authors: Danane Fetta , Bessah Rahma , Alloune Rhiad , Tebouche Latifa , Madjene Farid , Kheirani Ahmed Yasser , Bouabibsa Reda
Published: July 2022

Biodiesel production from Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) is the most suitable diesel fuel substitute, due to its cleaner emissions, engine lubricity, nontoxic properties, and renewable sources. This study mainly focused on improving biodiesel experimental production using ethanol and investigating the influence of main operating parameters (ethanol–oil molar ratio, catalyst concentration and stirring speed) on biodiesel yield using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The problem with using ethanol at the expense of the toxicity of methanol as an alcohol is mainly the separation of glycerol from biodiesel at the end of the transesterification reaction. However, the addition of 5% (v/v) glycerol and 1% (v/v) water at the end of the reaction has been found to aid this separation and improve oil conversion. The optimization of the produced biodiesel is carried out through three factors: Face-Centered-Composite Design (FCCD), building a mathematical model, and statistical analysis, shows that the experimental results agree with the predicted values; they are close to unity with the R2 value (0.9924), indicating the correctness of the model. The optimal conditions of catalyst concentration (1.62 wt%), stirring speed (200 rpm) and molar ratio of ethanol to oil (12.9:1) were obtained, resulting in a biodiesel efficiency of 89.75%. The model was also experimentally validated, achieving about 90% biodiesel yield. The fuel properties of the ethyl ester were investigated and compared successfully with the EN and ASTM standards and with baseline local diesel (NA 8110).
Vínculos de humanidade para combater a aporofobia
Authors: Pedrosa-Pádua Lúcia
Published: July 2022

O presente artigo trata o tema da aporofobia enquanto realidade dramática e universal de rejeição aos pobres. A perspectiva é a afirmação da lógica de construção de vínculos que faça frente à lógica aporófoba de descarte. A reflexão inicia com a apresentação do termo e da importância que ele vem adquirindo. Em seguida, apresenta alguns aspectos do pensamento de A. Cortina: a necessidade de nomear a rejeição aos pobres para visibilizar, denunciar e provocar mudanças numa dinâmica social injusta; o poder destrutivo do discurso de ódio; a necessidade permanente dos discursos, instituições e educação inclusivas; a abertura e a compaixão. Ao fim, articula o tema com o pensamento do papa Francisco, para quem a opção pelos pobres é forma de viver uma nova humanidade. Uma espiritualidade que constrói vínculos a partir da opção pelos pobres é uma forma de combater a aporofobia.
narrativa fraticida de Abimelec rumo ao poder
Authors: Frizzo Antonio Carlos
Published: July 2022

Uma narrativa só existe em função de uma determinada realidade. Está diretamente implicada aos interesses de um grupo social. Não existe aleatoriamente. Provém de um motivo que a faz existir. Tem a força de significar alternativas. Seja pelo processo da oralidade, das esculturas, dos desenhos ou sinais. a narrativa está inserida em um contexto social e cria uma rede de significados. O artigo compreende a narrativa ao redor do personagem Abimelec, exposta no livro bíblico dos Juízes (Jz), capítulo 9, versículos 1-15, como uma parábola contrária ao regime da monarquia que se instalou na região norte de Israel, em meados do século VIII a.C. Longe de toda forma de anacronismo, o exercício do poder, seja qual for a instância ou instituição, pauta-se pelo ideal da ética e da justiça social.
Memento, homo, quia pulvis es, et in pulverem reverteris (cf. Gn 3,19)
Authors: Silva José Pereira
Published: July 2022

O presente artigo se configura como uma análise do rito da imposição das cinzas, celebrado na abertura do caminho quaresmal do rito romano (quarta-feira de cinzas) rumo à Páscoa. O método utilizado é o indicado pela Sacrosanctum Concilium 48 (per ritus et preces). Parte-se, portanto, da forma ritual atual, como registrada no Missal Romano editio typica III, sublinhando as diferenças fundamentais em relação à sua “fisionomia” celebrativa precedente à reforma litúrgica promovida pelo Concílio Vaticano II. Busca-se o seu fundamento bíblico, histórico para encontrar as suas peculiaridades teológicas, antropológicos e pastorais, com o fim de fazer a sua experiência corresponder à dignidade devida da ars celebrandi.
Diagnosis of spinal dural defect using three-dimensional fast steady-state MR in patient with superficial siderosis: A case report
Authors: Sano Noritaka , Kawauchi Takeshi , Yanagida Narufumi , Torikoshi Sadaharu , Ikeda Hiroyuki , Okoshi Tadakazu , Hayase Makoto , Nishimura Masaki , Toda Hiroki
Published: July 2022

Background:

Spinal dural defects can result in superficial siderosis (SS) of the central nervous system. Closure of the defect can stop or slow the progression of the disease. Here, we evaluated, whether preoperative three-dimensional fast steady-state acquisition MR could adequately detect these defects and, thus, facilitate their closure and resolution.

Case Description:

A 65-year-old right-handed male presented with a 33-year history of the left C8 root avulsion and a 3-year history of slowly progressive gait difficulties and hearing loss. The T2*-weighted imaging revealed symmetrical hemosiderin deposition throughout his central nervous system. A left C6-C7 dural defect involving only inner layer was identified using a three-dimensional MR (3D-FIESTA). It was treated through a left C6-7 hemilaminectomy and successfully sealed with adipose tissue and fibrin glue. Subsequently, the progression of cerebellar ataxia was halted, nevertheless the sensorineural hearing loss worsened even over the next 2 years.

Conclusion:

3D-FIESTA reconstruction was approved to be useful tool for identifying the tiny hole of the inner dural layer responsible for SS.
Présentation
Authors: Sériot Patrick
Published: July 2022

Les sciences humaines ne sont pas forcément ce qu’on en croit en «Occident», tel pourrait être la leçon de ce recueil, qui rassemble des textes de plusieurs séminaire de troisième cycle, organisés par le CRECLECO (Cen- tre de recherches en épistémologie comparée de la linguistique d’Europe centrale et orientale) de l’Université de Lausanne.L’orientation épistémologique est la marque des auteurs : il s’agis-sait, dans tous les cas, non pas de décrire des faits, mais de mettre en évi-dence des problématiques, des modes de construction d’un objet de con- naissance, bref, nous cherchions tous à mettre en place une approche méta-discursive des textes qui constituaient nos corpus et nos centres d’intérêts.Le résultat me semble à la hauteur de cet enjeu méthodologique. Linguistes et philosophes se sont cette fois mis au travail ensemble pour avancer sur le chemin tortueux de l’exploration du discours des sciences humaines en Russie. Et, comme on pouvait, en fait, s’y attendre, les dites sciences humaines en Russie ne se sont avérées ni aussi semblable ni aussi étrangères à ce qu’on connaît en Europe occidentale sous ce nom.
Les modèles allemands de Viktor Maksimovič Žirmunskij (1891-1971)
Authors: Comtet Roger
Published: July 2022

Žirmunskij, germaniste de formation, nous a laissé une œuvre considérable qui appelle la comparaison avec celle de Vinogradov puisqu’il s’est illustré dans des domaines aussi variés que la théorie littéraire, la littérature comparée, la dialectologie, la folkloristique, la linguistique, la sociologie du langage… Il a été un passeur de tout premier plan entre la culture alleman-de et la culture russe mais il a su aussi, dans ses travaux, opérer une synthè-se originale entre ses modèles allemands et la spécificité russe. Après avoir rappelé l’essentiel d’une vie et d’une œuvre qui demeurent encore large-ment méconnues, nous vérifierons comment Žirmunskij a réalisé la synthè-se de son héritage germanique avec le contexte russe à partir de quelques exemples, à commencer par son premier ouvrage Le romantisme allemand et le mysticisme contemporain [Nemeckij romantizm i sovremennaja misti- ka] de 1913, où la comparaison des romantiques allemands et des symbolistes russes aboutit à concevoir une sorte de «Néo-romantisme» du XXe siècle et à mettre en place une théorie des écoles littéraires fondée sur l’opposition métaphore - métonymie comme reflet de visions du monde différentes.
Ausdruck – Vyraženie – Expression. Transferts d’une notion entre phénoménologie(s) et structuralisme
Authors: Flack Patrick
Published: July 2022

Il s'agit ici de présenter quelques réflexions sur la relation apparemment contradictoire entre phénoménologie et structuralisme sur le thème du sujet et du langage, par l'entremise d'une très brève comparaison de la notion d'expression chez Husserl, Jakobson et Merleau-Ponty. La notion husserlienne «subjectiviste» d'expression et la conception neutre du langage qu'elle implique s'opposent certes à l'un des aspects les plus originaux de la pensée linguistique de Jakobson, c'est-à-dire sa prise en compte de la «matérialité» du langage et de l’articulation propre de ses significations. Mais le structuralisme jakobsonien, tout orienté qu'il est vers une interprétation immanente et objective du langage, présente aussi des faiblesses qui trouvent en fait des solutions complémentaires dans un cadre phénoménologique, plus sensible à la dimension irréductiblement «vécue» du langage et de la signification. Ce cadre est suggéré par la pensée non de Husserl, mais celle, par ailleurs clairement marquée par le structuralisme, de Merleau-Ponty."
Science du langage, psychologie individuelle et psychologie des peuples en Allemagne. Le débat entre H. Steinthal, H. Paul et W. Wundt et la question des fondements des sciences de la culture
Authors: Trautmann-Waller Cécile
Published: July 2022

Dans l’Allemagne de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle des débats très vifs entourent l’idée d’une entité psychologique collective (Volks- geist chez Steinthal ou Volkswille chez Wundt) telle que la définit la «psychologie des peuples» en liaison étroite avec des recherches sur les langues ou les mythologies. Si Durkheim, pensant notamment à ces travaux, estimait que sans la conception très germanique de la société comme réalité sui generis plus grande que la somme de ses parties, il n’y aurait pas de science sociale, un néo-grammairien comme Hermann Paul s’est opposé pour sa part à ce genre construction purement spéculative à ses yeux et du coup nuisible à la recherche, notamment linguistique. Selon sa «science des principes», les sciences de la culture en général ne sauraient s’appuyer que sur une psychologie individuelle. De la «querelle des lois phonétiques» à l’articulation entre linguistique et psychologie et à la validité de l’utilisation de la notion de loi en sciences humaines en général, ce débat allemand, loin de ne concerner que la linguistique, a eu une certaine importance pour la définition du fait social et préfigure des oppositions théoriques en sciences sociales encore valables aujourd’hui. De l’opération de clarification entreprise par Hermann Paul, à la place de la psychologie allemande au sens large pour la naissance des sciences sociales ou à l’importance de ce débat pour la genèse du structuralisme, ce qui est en jeu, c’est autant la question de la possibilité de concevoir un sujet collectif que la possibilité d’une scientificité des sciences humaines en général.
Deux conceptions de la ressemblance des langues dans la linguistique russe du début du XXe siècle
Authors: Uhlik Mladen
Published: July 2022

Les dernières décennies du XIXème siècle représentent une époque dans laquelle le modèle génétique d’explication du développement langagier traverse une époque de crise. Ce modèle, selon lequel la parenté des langues ne résulte que d’une même origine généalogique, devient le cible de critique de certains linguistiques, tels que Schuchardt et Ascoli, qui es- sayent, à leur tour, de le renverser en s’éloignant de l’interprétation qui s’est fondée exclusivement sur le processus de divergence langagière.C’est dans le cadre de cette problématique que nous présenterons deux positions, prises par les deux linguistes qui sont souvent considérés comme pères fondateur de la lingu : Filipp Fortunatov et J. Baudouin de Courtenay.
Les mésaventures du sujet dans l’espace totalitaire : une lecture des «Espaces de Jubilation» de Mikhaïl Ryklin
Authors: Landolt Emanuel
Published: July 2022

Cet article propose de montrer comment une frange particulière de la philosophie russe a pu penser la question du sujet en Russie dans les années 90. Nous essaierons d’introduire à la problématique du sujet dans la philosophie post- soviétique à partir de la pensée de Mikhaïl Ryklin, philosophe russe contemporain, qui se propose, par un discours théorique à la croisée de différentes disciplines, de mieux comprendre le rapport entre subjectivité et pouvoir à l’époque soviétique, à partir de sources peu habituelles pour la philosophie (livres pour enfants, slogans politiques, etc.), faisant de Ryklin un précurseur des dites «cultural studies». Le texte en question, compilation de différents articles, présente une absence de mention concrète du concept de sujet. Qu’il soit sub’ekt / lico / ličnost’ / individ, il n’est jamais abordé de front comme concept, ni même mentionné. Au contraire de la France, où la question de la mort du sujet a dominé les débats philosophiques des années 60 suite aux travaux pionniers d’Althusser ou encore du groupe Tel Quel, on peut dire que la mort du sujet n’est pas à proprement parler un débat en Russie parce que les circonstances historiques n’y sont pas favorables. Il y a ainsi une volonté chez Ryklin de ne pas aborder de front la question du sujet, mais plutôt de la contourner par une reconstitution anthropologique du discours dominant sous l’ère stalinienne, qui permet au lecteur d’accéder à un sujet soviétique fragmenté, dispersé, décentré par le discours totalitaire. Si le sujet n’est donc pas mentionné, il se laisse deviner, il se dévoile comme trace de son élimination par le régime. C’est donc dans l’implicite d’un discours théorique nouveau, à la recherche d’un geste et d’une cohérence propre, que s'inscrit cette compréhension nouvelle du sujet soviétique."
La ‘personne’ et le ‘sujet’. La sémantique de la personnalité/personaltät dans l’histoire intellectuelle russe
Authors: Plotnikov Nikolaï
Published: July 2022

L’analyse comparative du sens et du statut de la représentation de la personne humaine [ličnost’] entre l’histoire de la culture russe et celle d’Europe occidentale montre de façon frappante que les interprétations du rôle de l’idée de personne entrent en confrontation et même en conflit. D’une part, depuis l’époque de Hegel et du marquis de Custine, un des lieux communs du regard européen sur la Russie est l’affirmation qu’y font défaut «la personne, le moi et le noyau dur [de l’homme]» (Hehn, 1966, p. 150)1. D’autre part, l’affirmation presque symétrique que, si l’on se réfère à Berdjaev, «en Russie, la personne fut toujours plus manifeste que dans la culture nivelée et impersonnelle de l’Occident moderne, que dans les démocraties bourgeoises» constitue une réponse tout aussi caractéristique."

On peut voir ce genre de contrastes radicaux non seulement à l’intersection du regard interne et externe sur la Russie, mais aussi dans les discussions philosophico-culturelles en Russie même. Depuis la polémique entre K. Kavelin et Ju. Samarin sur le rôle du «principe allemand de personne» dans l’histoire russe jusqu’aux débats sur la question de savoir si la période soviétique est une «émancipation de la personne» ou bien son asservissement définitif, ce sont précisément les notions de personne [ličnost’], de moi [ja], d’individualité [individual’nost’] qui jouent le rôle d’idéologèmes centraux, dont les positions et les conceptions prédominantes dans cette polémique portent la marque profonde. Il s'agit essentiellement, du vieux du rapport entre la Russie et l’Occident."
L’art et la responsabilité»
Authors: Bakhtin Mikhail
Published: July 2022

Original du premier texte de M. Bakhtine «L’art et la responsabilité» (Den’ iskusstva, Nevel’, 1919)