bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
As respostas das empresas brasileiras às mudanças climáticas: uma análise à luz da teoria da legitimidade
Authors: Gibaut Emerson Andrade , Dias Filho José Maria
Published: July 2017

According to the Legitimate Theory, the organizations establish practices of social appreciation to ensure its continuity, which hence the hypothesis that, the bigger the company or more sensitive for the sector in relation to environmental issues, the greater will be the disclosure of practices. In addition, the present study aimed to verify how the size or sector of a company could affect the disclosure of their practices to cope with climate change. For this reason, we carried out a study with a sample composed of 22 companies present in the portfolio of Corporate Sustainability Index (CSI), in the year 2014, and listed on BMFBOVESPA, who responded to a questionnaire on climate change. Based on the assumptions of the Legitimate Theory, in order to test the hypotheses formulated, we used the Kruskal Wallis test. The results indicated that there is no significant relationship between size and disclosure, but not between industry and disclosure program, which allows us to conclude that the size of the organization interfere positively in their level of environmental disclosure.
Fórum de discussão como ferramenta no ensino de administração: um estudo em uma disciplina de estatística aplicada
Authors: Mantovani Daielly Melina Nassif , Gouvêa Maria Aparecida , Viana Adriana Backx Noronha
Published: July 2017

This article aims to assess the use of forum tool on the teaching of Statistics Applied to Administration. For this purpose, a case study has been done, with descriptive treatment of data, which focused on an interaction through a forum, occurred on a blended discipline. The forum intended to bring the Statistic´s theoretical concepts and the real use of them on business field. That interaction consisted of discussion of scientific paper which had used the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) on its data analysis. Most of the messages posted by the students were considered correct and relevant, defining a deep discussion. However, there was a high level of repetition, many messages were posted on the last day of the activity and the forum was lowly accessed after its conclusion as a research source. We´ve observed that daytime students participated more adequately than nocturnal students, posting a higher quantity of new and deep messages. Forum discussion tool can be used in education, but it needs a previous planning and anticipation of possible problems, developing actions to correct them.
Um estudo sobre a utilização da Modelagem de Equações Estruturais na produção cientifica nas áreas de Administração e Sistemas de Informação
Authors: Oliveira Ronielton Rezende , Marinho Marlon Finelli Avendanha , Dias Alexandre Teixeira
Published: July 2017

This article presents a study of academic production in the period 2008-2012 in relation to the researches using Structural Equation Modeling as a quantitative method for data analysis. A sample of 44 articles was analyzed by means of the evaluation methodology of quality dimensions suggested by Hoppen, Lapointe and Moreau (1996) adapted for this study. We extracted articles indexed in the database Scientific Periodical Electronic Library and journals pre-selected area of Administration and Information Systems with the use of keywords. These had their content analyzed according to the variables of the research structure: nature, research question, research design, measurement instrument and data collection, validity of the constructs, data analysis and presentation of results. This study identified in the articles analyzed a moderate accuracy in the preparation and manipulation of research when considering the quality aspects expected for a quantitative research.
O escritor-escrevente no Educador extemporâneo: um jogo possível
Authors: Torelly Gabriel , Zordan Paola
Published: July 2017

O texto lança questões as quais não responde, a fim de pensar, com Barthes e Calvino, os problemas da linguagem nas formalizações da escrita educacional. Faz uso de A lógica do sentido, de Deleuze, para tratar a escrita como jogo atemporal e poético. Em sua tradução, os signos escreventes transportam os textos aos múltiplos papéis do escritor-autor, do escritor-escrevente, do escrevente-educador em busca das possibilidades da linguagem. O caráter monstruoso com que se reveste o texto literário frente à linguagem educativa instrumentadora, surge como força que transporta as palavras concretas aos devires autorais. Tais variações colocam em pauta uma ética dos signos que toma as aporias do neutro como mote para perguntas que, propositadamente, são mantidas em aberto.Palavras-chave: Educador, Linguagem, Paradoxo
1966: LES PROBLEMES DE LINGUISTIQUE GENERALE D’ÉMILE BENVENISTE
Authors: Fenoglio Irène
Published: July 2017

Le recueil Problèmes de linguistique générale de 1966, en quantité d’articles, représente peu par rapport à l’ensemble de la production scientifique d’Emile Benveniste qui est immense, même arrêtée à 1965 mais il est extrêmement important par sa visée et par sa portée. L’érudition savante, l’apparent éclatement du savoir entre la connaissance approfondie de divers groupes de langue et mêmes de diverses langues est prise en charge dans une perspective linguistique de grande envergure et d’explicitation générale ; elle est aussi engagée dans une réflexion d’ordre épistémologique et anthropologique.
LA METHODOLOGIE D’ANALYSE D’EMILE BENVENISTE. EXEMPLE D’UN COURS SUR LA CATEGORIE DU NOMBRE
Authors: Zinzi Mariarosaria
Published: July 2017

Émile Benveniste utilise une méthode inductive pour mener son investigation, le point de départ de son travail étant la problématisation des phénomènes linguistiques. Bien que débiteur de l’école structuraliste et des études de grammaire comparée, le linguiste ne s’arrête pas à la description de la structure, il veut ainsi l’expliquer. Dans cet article on va rechercher les formes et la méthodologie d’enquête du savant dans de notes d’un cours de Grammaire comparée donné au Collège de France en 1939.* Les recherches menant aux présents résultats ont bénéficié d’un soutien financier du septième programme-cadre de l’Union européenne (FP7/2007-2013 - MSCA-COFUND) en vertu de la convention de subvention n°245743 – Programme de bourses post-doctorales Braudel- IFER-FMSH, en collaboration avec l’ITEM (ENS-CNRS), Institut des Textes et manuscrits Modernes. Je tiens à remercier Irène Fenoglio pour son aide, sa disponibilité et ses précieux conseils. Cette recherche a bénéficié du meilleur accueil au Département des Manuscrits de la Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Paris.
SAUSSURE APÓS UM SÉCULO: A PROBLEMÁTICA DO OBJETO DA LINGUÍSTICA
Authors: Costa Maria Iraci Sousa
Published: July 2017

Neste artigo, temos o objetivo de desenvolver uma reflexão sobre a natureza do objeto da Linguística, considerando a complexidade do corpus saussuriano. Tomaremos como ponto de partida não só a problemática sobre a natureza do objeto da Linguística tal como é concebida no Curso de Linguística Geral, obra que alçou a Linguística no domínio da ciência, mas também como essa problemática é abordada tanto no manuscrito saussuriano “Nature de l’objet en linguistique” quanto nas diferentes edições publicadas dos manuscritos de Ferdinand de Saussure encontrados em 1996, a saber, a edição francesa Écrits de linguistique générale (2002), e também a edição suíça Science du Langage – De la double essence du langage (2011).* Agradeço à professora Amanda Eloina Scherer, minha eterna orientadora, pela leitura atentae orientação precisa de sempre.
ANÁLISES DESCRITIVAS E MICROBIOLÓGICAS DAS ÁGUAS MINERAIS ENVASADAS E COMERCIALIZADAS NA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DE RECIFE-PE.
Authors: Fernandes Amanda Cristiane Gonçalves , Cavalcanti Lúcio Flávio Moreira , Barros Marcio Luiz Siqueira Campos , Oliveira Felisbela Maria Da Costa
Published: July 2017

The paper aims to describe the quality of mineral water marketed by the population of the metropolitan area of Recife-PE in 2015, regarding the microbiological and descriptive analyzes. We analyzed 70 samples of seven different brands of bottled mineral water in the period from January to April and June to August due year. The samples were divided into thirty-five units for both periods, according to Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, by means of testing the presence or absence (P-A) and Pour Plate Method. Regarding the microbiological analysis of samples of the first period in accordance with Resolution 275/2005 brands A, B and C had their departures REJECTED samples and the marks D, E, F and G were APPROVED. In the second period the marks A, B, C, D and E had their departures REJECTED samples and the F and G brands were APPROVED. The percentage shown in the first period indicates 57.14% (APPROVED) and 42, 85% (REJECTED). In the second period the percentage indicates that 28.75% (APPROVED) and 71.42% (REJECTED). That is, in the second period there was obtained a high percentage of water which has been rejected due to the presence of microbiological bacteria.
DISPOSAL OF WASTE FROM CEMENTING OPERATION FROM OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS WELLS BUILDING
Authors: Campos Letícia Ferraço de , Paiva Pedro Mello , Rodrigues Pedro Paulo Gomes Watts , Ferreira Maria Inês Paes , Junior Jader Lugon
Published: July 2017

This paper presents computer modeling applied to the disposal simulation residual volume from offshore cementing unit, where the cement paste used by cementing operations of oil and gas wells. The software used was MOHID WATER with a lagrangian approach where the solid part of the residue was represented by conservative particles. It is able to assess the behavior of the solid part of the residue in the water column and its accommodation on the seabed. Future works using the Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) standard methods are considered to understand the results and the possible resulting harm to marine organisms.
A gênese da semidivindade do intérprete de sambas-enredo: a parresía da voz
Authors: Nascimento Luciano
Published: July 2017

O presente trabalho propõe demonstrar que uma das causas da celebridade do intérprete de sambas-enredo é a parresía de sua voz. Para alcançar tal objetivo, analisa-se uma performance bastante peculiar de um dos mais famosos desses cantores. O aporte teórico é composto por alguns estudos de Michel Foucault acerca de características do discurso verdadeiro, bem como por incursões de Adriana Cavarero nas searas da ontologia e da semiologia da voz. O resultado é uma testado inconteste da centralidade da voz na constituição da subjetividade.
Lucia de Lammermmoor, o sujeito da voz em estado de loucura
Authors: Dittrich Carolina
Published: July 2017

Este trabalho pretende pensar em como, na cena Il dolce suono da ópera Lucia de Lammermmoor, de Donizetti, configura-se a voz feminina em um momento de demência. Para tanto, seria preciso refletir sobre como se constitui o “eu” de Lucia no ponto específico de seu discurso. Formado em uma dinâmica de invocação do outro e configurado no campo do amor,esse discurso abandonado perseguiria a si próprio no vazio do delírio.
Miraculous Lithuania: the national open-air mysteries in Lithuania between the wars
Authors: Trinkūnaitė Šarūnė
Published: July 2017

In the wake of the wave of disappointment with the patriotic repertoire of the new-established State Theatrewhich seemed not to respond to the desire of the celebrating nation, an alternative theatre – theatre of national mass open-air mysteries, mostly organized by the Christian youth organization – came to life in Lithuania in the 1920-ies and gained in popularity. These celebratory performances were devoted to the synthesis of Christian and national ideologies; their main subject was the rebirth of Lithuania as a God’s miracle. This miraculous Lithuania was supposed to become a real experience, i.e. the masses participating in these performances were supposed to be like a continuation of the sacred, blessed-by-God Lithuania represented in the mass hero (chorus) of the plays. However, this turned out to be an utopic project. Miraculuos Lithuania was too inconvincible, too artificial, at a too big distance from the real Lithuania to become a model for the living present. That was one of the main reasons why the national open-air mysteries turned into the lifeless pathetics in the end of the1920-ies and started to vanish in the beginning of the 1930-ies.
HIV point of care diagnosis: preventing misdiagnosis experience from a pilot of rapid test algorithm implementation in selected communes in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Van Thi Thuy , Best Susan , Pham Hong Thang , Troung Thi Xuan Lien , Hoang Thi Thanh Ha , Wilson Kim , Ngo Thi Hong Hanh , Chien Xuan , Lai Kim Anh , Bui Duc Duong , Kato Masaya
Published: July 2017

Introduction: In Vietnam, HIV testing services had been available only at provincial and district health facilities, but not at the primary health facilities. Consequently, access to HIV testing services had been limited especially in rural areas. In 2012, Vietnam piloted decentralization and integration of HIV services at commune health stations (CHSs). As a part of this pilot, a three‐rapid test algorithm was introduced at CHSs. The objective of this study was to assess the performance of a three‐rapid test algorithm and the implementation of quality assurance measures to prevent misdiagnosis, at primary health facilities.

Methods: The three‐rapid test algorithm (Determine HIV‐1/2, followed by ACON HIV 1/2 and DoubleCheckGold HIV 1&2 in parallel) was piloted at CHSs from August 2012 to December 2013. Commune health staff were trained to perform HIV testing. Specimens from CHSs were sent to the provincial confirmatory laboratory (PCL) for confirmatory and validation testing. Quality assurance measures were undertaken including training, competency assessment, field technical assistance, supervision and monitoring and external quality assessment (EQA). Data on HIV testing were collected from the testing logbooks at commune and provincial facilities. Descriptive analysis was conducted. Sensitivity and specificity of the rapid testing algorithm were calculated.

Results: A total of 1,373 people received HIV testing and counselling (HTC) at CHSs. Eighty people were diagnosed with HIV infection (5.8%). The 755/1244 specimens reported as HIV negative at the CHS were sent to PCL and confirmed as negative, and all 80 specimens reported as HIV positive at CHS were confirmed as positive at the PCL. Forty‐nine specimens that were reactive with Determine but negative with ACON and DoubleCheckGold at the CHSs were confirmed negative at the PCL. The results show this rapid test algorithm to be 100% sensitive and 100% specific. Of 21 CHSs that received two rounds of EQA panels, 20 CHSs submitted accurate results.

Conclusions: Decentralization of HIV confirmatory testing to CHS is feasible in Vietnam. The results obtained from this pilot provided strong evidence of the feasibility of HIV testing at primary health facilities. Quality assurance measures including training, competency assessment, regular monitoring and supervision and an EQA scheme are essential for prevention of misdiagnosis.
Jeg er en sånn hverdagspedagog! Barnehagestyreres profesjonelle handlingsrom for å styrke barnehagelæreres anvendelse av fagspråk
Authors: Larsen Ann Kristin , Slåtten Mette Vaagan
Published: July 2017

Første del av problemstillingen omhandler hva styrere mener er årsaker til at barnehagelærere anvender faglige begreper og teori i liten grad i det pedagogiske arbeidet. Problemstillingens andre del tar opp hva styrerne gjør og kan gjøre for å styrke barnehagelærernes fagspråk. Våre funn viser at styrerne mener at både flat struktur, likhetskultur og svak kompetanse er sentrale årsaker. Styrerne mener de har en sentral rolle når det gjelder å ivareta fagspråket gjennom pedagogisk ledelse. Barnehagestyrer, fagspråk, pedagogisk ledelse, profesjonelt handlingsrom.The first research question discusses what ECEC directors see as central causes to a weak professional language amongst kindergarten teachers. The second research question discusses what ECEC-directors are doing and can do to advance professional language. The main result is that ECEC-directors believe that both non- hierarchically structure, equality culture and low competence are some of the reasons. ECEC-directors are concerned that they have a central role to advance the professional language through professional management.ECEC-director, professional language, pedagogical leadership, freedom of professional action.
Essential oil of lavender in anxiety disorders: Ready for prime time?
Authors: Malcolm Benjamin J. , Tallian Kimberly
Published: July 2017

Anxiety disorders are some of the most common psychiatric disorders, with potentially debilitating consequences on individual function. Existing pharmacotherapies for anxiety disorders are limited by delay to therapeutic effect, dependence, tolerance, withdrawal, and abuse potential. Therefore, safe and evidence-based complementary or alternative therapies may be important allies in the care of patients with anxiety disorders. Essential oils are lipophilic and concentrated botanical extracts that exhibit many properties of drugs, although they are not Food and Drug Administration approved and have limitations characteristic of herbal preparations. Lavender essential oil has an extensive anecdotal history of anxiolytic benefit that has recently been supported by clinical efficacy studies. The 2 primary terpenoid constituents of lavender essential oil, linalool and linalyl acetate, may produce an anxiolytic effect in combination via inhibition of voltage-gated calcium channels, reduction of 5HT1A receptor activity, and increased parasympathetic tone. The objectives of this article are to provide a brief overview of lavender oil in aromatherapy, explore variability in the constituents of lavender oil, summarize its pharmacology and safety profile, as well as describe its body of research that has been conducted for anxiety.
The current status of transgender health education in doctor of pharmacy curricula in North America
Authors: Wilkening G. Lucy
Published: July 2017

Doctor of pharmacy programs across the country strive to prepare culturally competent pharmacy professionals who are trained to provide compassionate and evidence-based care to a variety of patients. Within the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education 2016 Standards and Key Elements for the Doctor of Pharmacy Degree, pharmacy schools are charged with the task of developing professionals who can identify and diminish health care disparities. Transgender persons represent one of the most underrepresented and underserved communities within the modern health care system, yet very little information is available for training future pharmacists to care for the transgender community. A literature search using the MeSH terms transgender persons or trans-sexualism and pharmacy education was conducted, and it revealed 1 article published by Parkhill and colleagues in the American Journal of Pharmacy Education. A Google® search of the phrase “transgender education in pharmacy school” was conducted and produced 1 additional published article as well as an online transgender education program launched in November 2016. The following commentary outlines the current literature and practices that involve integration of transgender health education into pharmacy schools in North America and a discussion on areas for future study.
Dynamic topography and lithospheric stresses since 400 Ma
Authors: Greff‐Lefftz Marianne , Robert Boris , Besse Jean , Frizon de Lamotte Dominique , Vicente de Gouveia Sophie
Published: July 2017

We present a global model of dynamic topography and lithospheric stresses for the last 400 Ma. Our starting point is a simple geodynamic model combining both contributions of subducted lithosphere and long‐wavelength upwellings in a reference frame linked to the fixed African plate. A dominant feature of plate tectonics is the quasi permanence of a girdle of subductions around the Pacific Ocean (or its ancestor), which creates large‐wavelength positive topography anomaly within the ring they form. The superimposition of the resultant extension with the one induced by the dome leads to a permanent extensional regime over Africa and the future Indian ocean which creates faults with azimuth directions depending on the direction of the most active part of the ring of subductions. We thus obtain fractures with NW‐SE azimuth during the period 275–165 Ma parallel to the strike of the subduction zone of the West South American active margin, which appears to be very active during this period. Between 155 and 95 Ma, subduction became more active along the Eastern Australian coast involving a change in the direction of the faults toward an E‐W direction, in agreement with the observed fault systems between Africa and India, Antartica and Australia. During the Mesozoic and the Cenozoic, we correlate the permanent extensional regime over Africa and Indian Ocean with the observed rift systems. Finally we emphasize the role of three primary hotspots as local additional contributors to the stress field imposed by our proposed subduction‐doming system, which help in the opening of Indian and South Atlantic Oceans.
Retracted: Sirtuin 6 contributes to migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells via the ERK1/2/MMP9 pathway
Authors: Lin Hang , Hao Yi , Zhao Zhengxu , Tong Yongjun
Published: July 2017

Dysregulation of sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) is actively involved in tumor progression. High levels of SIRT6 have been associated with hepatocellular carcinoma and non‐small cell lung cancer, and SIRT6 facilitates growth and metastasis of cancer cells. However, the clinical significance and biological function of SIRT6 are not known for osteosarcoma (OS). Here, we report that SIRT6 was notably overexpressed in OS tissues compared with non‐cancerous specimens. The high level of SIRT6 was prominently correlated with malignant clinical parameters and poor prognosis of OS patients. SIRT6 was also up‐regulated in OS cells. SIRT6 knockdown inhibited the invasion and migration of Saos‐2 and U2OS cells in vitro, while SIRT6 restoration increased these cellular biological behaviors in MG‐63 cells. Mechanistically, SIRT6 up‐regulated expression of matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) in OS cells. MMP9 restoration partially abolished the effects of SIRT6 knockdown on OS cells, with increased cell migration and invasion. MMP9 knockdown reduced migration and invasion of SIRT6‐overexpressing MG‐63 cells. Furthermore, SIRT6 positively modulated the levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal‐regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2). PD098059 and PD0325901, inhibitors of mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), blocked the regulatory effects of SIRT6 on p‐ERK1/2 and MMP9 levels, suggesting that SIRT6 regulated MMP9 abundance probably through the MEK–ERK1/2 pathway. These results suggest that SIRT6 may act as a prognostic predictor and a drug target for OS patients.
Large‐Area, Flexible Broadband Photodetector Based on ZnS–MoS2 Hybrid on Paper Substrate
Authors: Gomathi P. Thanga , Sahatiya Parikshit , Badhulika Sushmee
Published: July 2017

Flexible broadband photodetectors based on 2D MoS2 have gained significant attention due to their superior light absorption and increased light sensitivity. However, pristine MoS2 has absorption only in visible and near IR spectrum. This paper reports a paper‐based broadband photodetector having ZnS–MoS2 hybrids as active sensing material fabricated using a simple, cost effective two‐step hydrothermal method wherein trilayer MoS2 is grown on cellulose paper followed by the growth of ZnS on MoS2. Optimization in terms of process parameters is done to yield uniform trilayer MoS2 on cellulose paper. UV sensing property of ZnS and broadband absorption of MoS2 in visible and IR, broadens the range from UV to near IR. ZnS plays the dual role for absorption in UV and in the generation of local electric fields, thereby increasing the sensitivity of the sensor. The fabricated photodetector exhibits a higher responsivity toward the visible light when compared to UV and IR light. Detailed studies in terms of energy band diagram are presented to understand the charge transport mechanism. This represents the first demonstration of a paper‐based flexible broadband photodetector with excellent photoresponsivity and high bending capability that can be used for wearable electronics, flexible security, and surveillance systems, etc.
A matter of perception: Perceived socio‐economic status and cortisol on the island of Utila, Honduras
Authors: García Angela R. , Gurven Michael , Blackwell Aaron D.
Published: July 2017

Objectives

Numerous studies link low objective and subjective socioeconomic status (SES) to chronic activation of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis. Here, we examine associations between objective and subjective SES and diurnal salivary cortisol, a primary HPA component, as well as demographic and ecological predictors associated with SES perceptions and changes in diurnal cortisol.

METHODS

Participants were residents (age 18–79,n = 61) of Utila, a Honduran island where economic disparities are overt and geographically contained. Objective SES was measured as a composite of income, education, and occupation. Subjective SES was measured with a MacArthur ladder and a perceived lifestyle discrepancy (PLD) scale. Salivary cortisol was collected three times per day for two days. Questions addressing demographic, social, and household characteristics were assessed as predictors of PLD.

RESULTS

Assessed independently, objective SES (P = .06) and PLD (P = .003) were associated with the steepness of diurnal cortisol changes, while PLD was also associated with higher cortisol area under the curve (AUC) (P = .036). Modeled together, only PLD predicted diurnal slope and AUC. PLD was associated with household sanitation, immigration status, food scarcity, objective SES, and owing money. Only access to sanitation and owing money had direct associations with cortisol that were not mediated by PLD.

CONCLUSIONS

For adults on Utila, perceptions of unmet need outweigh other social and economic status factors in predicting cortisol AUC and slope. In addition, the unmediated effects of access to sanitation and owing money on cortisol suggest that these distinct aspects of inequality are important to consider when seeking to understand how inequality can impact HPA function.
Research of the Mode Instability Threshold in High Power Double Cladding Yb‐doped Fiber Amplifiers
Authors: Wang Yanshan , Liu Qinyong , Ma Yi , Sun Yinhong , Peng Wanjing , Ke Weiwei , Wang Xiaojun , Tang Chun
Published: July 2017

We experimentally investigate the behavior of the mode instability (MI) threshold in the double cladding Yb‐doped fiber amplifier when the amplifier is pumped by broad linewidth laser diodes and narrow linewidth laser diodes respectively. It is found that the MI threshold increases by 26% when the amplifier is pumped by the broad linewidth laser diodes. Experiment results show that the MI threshold is affected by the local heat load rather than the average or the total heat load. The calculation shows that the local heat deposit actually plays the key role to stimulate the MI behaviour. At the MI threshold position in the fiber, the local heat deposit also changes dramatically. The effect of the thermal conductivity on the MI threshold is also studied. Our investigation shows that the MI threshold increases from 1269 W to 1950 W when the thermal conductivity of the fiber amplifier is increased from 0.3  to 5 . Through optimizing the pump linewidth and the cooling efficiency of the gain fiber, the MI threshold is doubled in our experiment.
Quantitative und qualitative Analyse dreier Klassen von Schwefelverbindungen in Erdöl
Authors: Vetere Alessandro , Pröfrock Daniel , Schrader Wolfgang
Published: July 2017

Die Verbrennung schwefelhaltiger Treibstoffe führt zu Umweltproblemen. Deshalb gelten strenge Bestimmungen, die den Schwefelgehalt von Treibstoffen auf wenige ppm begrenzen. Angesichts der Verringerung schwefelarmer Erdölquellen werden immer größere technische Anstrengungen nötig, diese Bestimmungen einzuhalten. Die Entschwefelung ist ein kritischer Teil im Rahmen des Raffinierungsprozesses, welcher jedoch nicht vollständig verläuft und der angesichts der Komplexität der vielen verschiedenen Stoffklassen auch nicht völlig verstanden ist. Wir stellen hier einen neuen Ansatz vor, um drei Klassen von Schwefelverbindungen in Erdöl mithilfe einer LC‐Trennung und Detektion per ICP‐MS/MS zu quantifizieren. Diese neue, einfache Methode sollte helfen, den Anteil schwer entschwefelbarer Verbindungen abzuschätzen und so den Entschwefelungsprozess zu optimieren.
Hybrid TiO2–Ruthenium Nano‐photosensitizer Synergistically Produces Reactive Oxygen Species in both Hypoxic and Normoxic Conditions
Authors: Gilson Rebecca C. , Black Kvar C. L. , Lane Daniel D. , Achilefu Samuel
Published: July 2017

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is widely used to treat diverse diseases, but its dependence on oxygen to produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) diminishes the therapeutic effect in a hypoxic environment, such as solid tumors. Herein, we developed a ROS‐producing hybrid nanoparticle‐based photosensitizer capable of maintaining high levels of ROS under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Conjugation of a ruthenium complex (N3) to a TiO2 nanoparticle afforded TiO2‐N3. Upon exposure of TiO2‐N3 to light, the N3 injected electrons into TiO2 to produce three‐ and four‐fold more hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide, respectively, than TiO2 at 160 mmHg. TiO2‐N3 maintained three‐fold higher hydroxyl radicals than TiO2 under hypoxic conditions via N3‐facilitated electron–hole reduction of adsorbed water molecules. The incorporation of N3 transformed TiO2 from a dual type I and II PDT agent to a predominantly type I photosensitizer, irrespective of the oxygen content.
The selfie and the intolerable gaze of the Other
Authors: Uzlaner Dmitry
Published: July 2017

This essay investigates the phenomenon of the selfie. The author is interested in what this phenomenon is able to say about the human subject and its constitution. Jacques Lacan's theory of the subject is used as a fulcrum to investigate, in particular, his reflections on the gaze and the role it plays in the process of constituting human subjectivity. The author takes one specific “mirror selfie” and consistently examines various aspects of the gaze in relation to it: the gaze as it constitutes the identity of the subject; the ideological dimension of the gaze and “ideological visual interpellation”; the gaze as the object‐cause of desire; the unbearable inevitability of the gaze; and the monstrous Real dimension of the gaze. The author concludes that new technology, in particular, the new possibilities for self‐representation they provide, do not distort the nature of man, but on the contrary only more clearly reveal it.
Neue Durchstanz‐ und Verbundbewehrung mit L‐Blechen
Authors: Günther Gerd , Cramer Jörg
Published: July 2017

In dem Aufsatz wird das CLIXS®‐Durchstanz‐ und ‐Verbundbewehrungssystem beschrieben. Das System besteht aus einer Kombination aus gestanzten und abgekanteten Spezial‐Stahlblechen mit eingehängten Bügeln aus herkömmlichem Betonstahl.

Die beschriebenen Bauteilversuche zum Tragverhalten der Durchstanz‐ und Verbundbewehrung führten zur Erteilung der nationalen Zulassung auf der Grundlage des Bemessungskonzepts des Eurocodes. Die Nachweisführung in Anlehnung an den Eurocode wird dargestellt. Anhand eines Bemessungsbeispiels findet die praxisnahe Erläuterung des gesamten Bemessungsablaufs statt.
Intracellular characterization of Gag VLP production by transient transfection of HEK 293 cells
Authors: Cervera Laura , González‐Domínguez Irene , Segura María Mercedes , Gòdia Francesc
Published: July 2017

Transient transfection is a fast, flexible, and cost‐effective approach to produce biological products. Despite the continued interest in transient transfection, little is known regarding the transfection process at the intracellular level, particularly for complex products, such as virus‐like particles (VLPs). The kinetics of PEI‐mediated transfection following an established in‐house protocol is reported in this work with the aim of characterizing and understanding the complete process leading to VLP generation and identifying important events driving process improvement. For this purpose, DNA/PEI polyplexes’ internalization in cells was tracked using Cy3 DNA staining. The production of a fluorescently labeled Gag polyprotein (a Gag‐GFP fusion construct that forms fluorescent Gag‐VLPs) was monitored by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, and the VLP concentration in supernatants was measured by fluorometry. DNA/PEI polyplexes interact with the cell membrane immediately after polyplex addition to the cell culture. A linear increase in the number of cells expressing the protein is observed during the first 60 min of contact between the cells and polyplexes. No additional improvement in the number of cells expressing the protein (up to 60%) or VLP production (up to 1 × 1010 VLPs/mL) is observed with additional contact time between the cells and polyplexes. Polyplexes can be detected in the cytoplasm of transfected cells as early as 1.5 h post‐transfection (hpt) and reach the nucleus approximately 4 hpt. GFP fluorescence is observed homogeneously in the cytoplasm of transfected cells 24 hpt, but generalized VLP budding is not observed by microscopy until 48 hpt. Although all cells have internalized a polyplex soon after transfection, only a fraction of cells (60%) express the fluorescent Gag protein. VLP production kinetics was also studied. Fluorescence in the supernatant (enveloped VLPs) is 40% less than total fluorescence, supernatant plus pellet (total Gag‐GFP), indicating that there is a fraction of Gag that remains inside the cells. The maximum VLP concentration in the cell culture supernatant with cell viability >89% was observed at 72 hpt, which was determined to be the optimal harvest time. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 2507–2517. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phytochemical and Biological Activities of Pseudocalymma elegans: A False Garlic
Authors: Wahid Sana , Versiani Muhammad Ali , Jahangir Sajid , Jawaid Khurshid , Shafique Maryam , Khan Huma , Faizi Shaheen
Published: July 2017

Evaluation of phytochemical constituents and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of hexane (PELH), dichloromethane (PELDCM), ethyl acetate (PELEA), and MeOH (PELM) extracts of young leaves of Pseudocalymma elegans have been carried out. Moreover, extracts have also been explored for the presence of sulphur containing compounds, 1,2‐dithiolane (33), diallyl disulfide (35), 3‐vinyl‐1,2‐dithiacyclohex‐5‐ene (37), and diallyl trisulfide (38) responsible for the garlic like smell of P. elegans. All the extracts were found to be antioxidant and showed potent inhibition with IC50 values of 0.168 ± 0.001, 0.128 ± 0.002, 0.221 ± 0.011, and 0.054 ± 0.001, respectively, as compared to standard drugs ascorbic acid (AA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). The ethyl acetate extract (PELE) showed excellent activities against few Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria and some fungi as compared with standard drug ceftriaxone (3rd generation cephalosporin) and nystatin, respectively. Chemical constituents of hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate extracts were identified by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry and mass spectral library search. Over all 55 chemical constituents were first time identified from the leaves which included branched and n‐hydrocarbons, fatty acids, fatty acid methyl esters, fatty alcohols, terpenes, alkaloid, vitamins, glycosides, aromatic compounds, and sulfur containing compounds. Two known chemical constituents, ursolic acid (1) and β‐amyrin (2), were also purified for the first time from the MeOH extract. To elucidate the structures of these compounds, UV, IR, EI‐MS, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR spectroscopy were used.
Decoding Nucleation and Growth of Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework Thin Films with Atomic Force Microscopy and Vibrational Spectroscopy
Authors: Öztürk Zafer , Filez Matthias , Weckhuysen Bert M.
Published: July 2017

The synthesis of metal‐organic framework (MOF) thin films has garnered significant attention during the past decade. By better understanding the parameters governing the nucleation and growth of such thin films, their properties can be rationally tuned, empowering their application as (reactive) membranes. Here, a combined AFM‐vibrational spectroscopy research strategy is employed to detail the chemistries governing the nucleation and growth of zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) thin films, in particular isostructural Co‐ZIF‐67 and Zn‐ZIF‐8. First, a single step direct synthesis approach is used to investigate the influence of different synthesis parameters –metal/linker ratio, temperature, and metal type– on the thin film nucleation and growth behaviour. While the metal/linker ratio has a pronounced effect on the thin film nucleation rate, the temperature mainly influences the growth kinetics of nuclei forming the thin film. In addition, the nucleation and growth of ZIF thin films is shown to be highly dependent on the electronegativity of the metal type. Thin‐film thickness control can be achieved by using a multistep synthesis strategy, implying repetitive applications of single step deposition under identical synthesis conditions, for which a growth mechanism is proposed. This study provides insight into the influence of synthesis parameters on the ZIF thin film properties, using tools at hand to rationally tune MOF thin film properties.
Tailoring Excited State Properties and Energy Levels Arrangement via Subtle Structural Design on D‐π‐A Materials
Authors: Liang Xiaoming , Wang Zhiheng , Wang Liangxuan , Hanif Muddasir , Hu Dehua , Su Shijian , Xie Zengqi , Gao Yu , Yang Bing , Ma Yuguang
Published: July 2017

The donor‐π‐conjugated‐acceptor (D‐π‐A) structure is an important design for the luminescent materials because of its diversity in the selections of donor, π‐bridge and acceptor groups. Herein, we demonstrate two examples of D‐π‐A structures capable to finely modulate the excited state properties and arrangement of energy levels, TPA‐AN‐BP and CZP‐AN‐BP, which possess the same acceptor and π‐bridge but different donor. The investigation of their photophysical properties and DFT calculation revealed that the D‐π‐A structure with proper donor, π‐bridge and acceptor can result in separation of frontier molecular orbitals on the corresponding donor and acceptor with an obvious overlap on the π‐bridge, resulting in a hybridized local and charge‐transfer (HLCT) excited state with high photoluminescent (PL) efficiencies. Meanwhile, their singlet and triplet states are arranged on corresponding moieties with large energy gap between T2 and T1, and a small energy gap between S1 and T2, which favor the reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) from high‐lying triplet levels to singlet levels. As a result, the sky‐blue emission non‐doped OLED based on the TPA‐AN‐BP reached maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 4.39% and a high exciton utilization efficiency (EUE) of 77%. This study demonstrates a new strategy to construct highly efficient OLED materials.
Effect of Nitrogen Doping Level on the Performance of N‐Doped Carbon Quantum Dot/TiO2 Composites for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Shi Run , Li Zi , Yu Huijun , Shang Lu , Zhou Chao , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. , Wu Li‐Zhu , Zhang Tierui
Published: July 2017

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have attracted widespread interest for photocatalytic applications, owing to their low cost and excellent electron donor/acceptor properties. However, their advancement as visible‐light photosensitizers in CQDs/semiconductor nanocomposites is currently impaired by their poor quantum yields (QYs). Herein, we describe the successful fabrication of a series of nitrogen‐doped CQDs (NCDs) with N/C atomic ratios ranging from 0.14–0.30. NCDs with the highest N‐doping level afforded a remarkable external QY of 66.8 % at 360 nm, and outstanding electron transfer properties and photosensitization efficiencies when physically adsorbed on P25 TiO2. A NCDs/P25‐TiO2 hybrid demonstrated excellent performance for hydrogen evolution in aqueous methanol under both UV and visible‐light illumination relative to pristine P25 TiO2. Controlled nitrogen doping of CQDs therefore represents a very effective strategy for optimizing the performance of CQDs/semiconductor hybrid photocatalysts.
Transcriptomic biomarkers of altered erythropoiesis to detect autologous blood transfusion
Authors: Salamin Olivier , Mignot Jonathan , Kuuranne Tiia , Saugy Martial , Leuenberger Nicolas
Published: July 2017

Autologous blood transfusion is a powerful means of improving performance and remains one of the most challenging methods to detect. Recent investigations have identified 3 candidate reticulocytes genes whose expression was significantly influenced by blood transfusion. Using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction as an alternative quantitative method, the present study supports that delta‐aminolevulinate synthase 2 (ALAS2), carbonic anhydrase (CA1), and solute carrier family 4 member 1 (SLC4A1) genes are down‐regulated post‐transfusion. The expression of these genes exhibited stronger correlation with immature reticulocyte fraction than with reticulocytes percentage. Moreover, the repression of reticulocytes' gene expression was more pronounced than the diminution of immature reticulocyte fraction and reticulocyte percentage following blood transfusion. It suggests that the 3 candidate genes are reliable predictors of bone marrow's response to blood transfusion and that they represent potential biomarkers for the detection of this method prohibited in sports.
Supplementary feeding increases nestling feather corticosterone early in the breeding season in house sparrows
Authors: Salleh Hudin Noraine , De Neve Liesbeth , Strubbe Diederik , Fairhurst Graham D. , Vangestel Carl , Peach Will J. , Lens Luc
Published: July 2017

Several studies on birds have proposed that a lack of invertebrate prey in urbanized areas could be the main cause for generally lower levels of breeding success compared to rural habitats. Previous work on house sparrowsPasser domesticusfound that supplemental feeding in urbanized areas increased breeding success but did not contribute to population growth. Here, we hypothesize that supplementary feeding allows house sparrows to achieve higher breeding success but at the cost of lower nestling quality. As abundant food supplies may permit both high‐ and low‐quality nestlings to survive, we also predict that within‐brood variation in proxies of nestling quality would be larger for supplemental food broods than for unfed broods. As proxies of nestling quality, we considered feather corticosterone (CORTf), body condition (scaled mass index,SMI), and tarsus‐based fluctuating asymmetry (FA). Our hypothesis was only partially supported as we did not find an overall effect of food supplementation onFAorSMI. Rather, food supplementation affected nestling phenotype only early in the breeding season in terms of elevatedCORTflevels and a tendency for more variable within‐broodCORTfandFA. Early food supplemented nests therefore seemed to include at least some nestlings that faced increased stressors during development, possibly due to harsher environmental (e.g., related to food and temperature) conditions early in the breeding season that would increase sibling competition, especially in larger broods. The fact thatCORTfwas positively, rather than inversely, related to nestlingSMIfurther suggests that factors influencingCORTfandSMIare likely operating over different periods or, alternatively, that nestlings in good nutritional condition also invest in high‐quality feathers.
Study on Ability of Desalination System to Compensate Renewable Energy Fluctuation
Authors: IMANAKA MASAKI , BABA JUMPEI , KUNIBA YUSUKE , HIGA NAOTO
Published: July 2017

The installation of renewable energy sources in island grids is focused on as a large part of island power generation whose power fluctuations should be compensated. A desalination system is given consideration as a controllable load. This paper proposes a model for such a desalination system, then estimates the controllable ranges under various constraints and evaluates the capacity for power fluctuation suppression. The model calculates the pressure, flow rate, and power consumption. The parameters in the model are fitted using tests with an experimental system. Next, the controllable ranges for power consumption under constraints involving the membrane or other factors are simulated using both tests and the model. The controllable ranges with the valve opening fixed are estimated to be 27% to 43% of the rated power. Finally, in order to evaluate transient response, step and ramp response tests and photovoltaic (PV) output suppression tests are performed. Most of the fluctuations in PV output are suppressed when PV output is within the controllable range.
Study on Surplus Electricity under Massive Integration of Intermittent Renewable Energy Sources
Authors: OTSUKI TAKASHI , KOMIYAMA RYOICHI , FUJII YASUMASA
Published: July 2017

In order to address climate change and energy security issues, intermittent renewable energy sources such as solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind power are gaining considerable attention. However, due to their variability and surplus electricity, the expansion of these renewables is an important challenge for power grid management. Various countermeasures such as rechargeable batteries, suppression, and back‐up generators, are considered necessary for the physical integration of intermittent renewables to create an efficient and reliable power generation mix. In this context, we developed a high time‐resolution optimal power generation mix model to quantitatively assess the amount of surplus electricity available under the large‐scale introduction of PV and wind power in the Hokkaido region of Japan and the potential roles for the countermeasures mentioned above. The main feature of the model is the detailed time resolution at 10 min through a year. This allows us to investigate the impact of variation in various short‐cycle renewables on surplus electricity and the deployment of rechargeable batteries. The simulation results suggest that if a proportion of PV and wind power expands more than around 10% and 20% of total demand respectively or if the sum of the proportion of PV and wind power exceeds 20%, the need for suppression grows rapidly. The results also suggest that rechargeable batteries are more economically compatible with PV than wind power is.
Prevention of Output Suppression through Heat Pump Water Heaters for High‐Penetration Residential PV Systems for Long‐Term Operation
Authors: MIYAMOTO YUSUKE , HAYASHI YASUHIRO
Published: July 2017

There is a danger of output suppression of high‐penetration residential photovoltaic systems due to voltage increase. It is necessa1ry to install new technology to prevent the occurrence of such phenomenon. Therefore, we focused our attention on heat‐pump water heaters (HPWHs). HPWHs are usually used to heat water during nighttime because electricity prices are cheaper than during the daytime for the load leveling in Japan. So they can be used as a countermeasure without additional cost if they are operated during the daytime. However, HPWHs do not have sufficient capacity to absorb inverse energy at each residence. Thus, HPWH operation must be optimized to minimize output suppression loss. In this research, we selected four typical sunny days in spring, summer, autumn, and winter. The optimal HPWH operation was calculated by numerical simulation. The optimal monthly HPWH operation was investigated using the weather forecast assuming actual operation in each season.