bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cristianismo y Sociedad (1963-1973). Protestantismo de izquierda en la historia reciente de América Latina
Authors: Brugaletta Federico
Published: January 2019

El objetivo de este artículo es caracterizar la primera etapa de la revista Cristianismo y Sociedadentre los años 1963 y 1973. La revista fue la principal publicación periódica de Iglesia y Sociedad en América Latina(ISAL), un agrupamiento político religioso vinculado al protestantismo que a principios de la década del sesenta se asoció a un proceso de radicalización de la vida cultural y política del continente. En su primera época fue impresa en Montevideo y distribuida desde allí para toda la región. A partir del golpe de Estado en Uruguay en 1973, comenzó a editarse en Buenos Aires bajo el sello de la editorial Tierra Nueva hasta 1980.En el primer apartado, se describe al agrupamiento político religioso de ISAL como una expresión del protestantismo de izquierdas latinoamericano y a los sujetos que conformaron la junta editorial que llevó adelante la revista. En el segundo apartado, se analizan aspectos materiales vinculados al diseño, la producción y distribución de la revista. Finalmente, se señalan temas y autores que conformaron la política editorial de la publicación en esta primera etapa.
Implementation of the Right to be Forgotten in Chile: The Right to One's Image as an Essential Part of All People
Authors: Moreno Bobadilla Ángela , Gutiérrez Atala Fernando
Published: January 2019

The article analyzes the situation of the right to self-image in the context of Chilean legislation, specifically from its link with the new judicial cases in which the affected—as happens in other countries mainly in Europe, Russia, Japan, Mexico, or Argentina—appeal to the application of the right to be forgotten regarding information published on the Internet. To achieve this, the text begins with a review of the existing legal norms and confronts them with the best-known cases that have been recorded to date and that are creating jurisprudence in the country.
Polysemy and co-predication
Authors: Ortega-Andrés Marina , Vicente Agustín
Published: January 2019

Many word forms in natural language are polysemous, but only some of them allow for co-predication, that is, they allow for simultaneous predications selecting for two different meanings or senses of a nominal in a sentence. In this paper, we try to explain (i) why some groups of senses allow co-predication and others do not, and (ii) how we interpret co-predicative sentences. The paper focuses on those groups of senses that allow co-predication in an especially robust and stable way. We argue, using these cases, but focusing particularly on the multiply polysemous word school, that the senses involved in co-predication form especially robust activation packages, which allow hearers and readers to access all the different senses in interpretation.
Theoretical and Pragmatic Cases of a Rich-Variant Approach for a User-Aware Multi-Tenant SaaS Applications
Authors: Kriouile Houda , El Asri Bouchra
Published: January 2019

Software as a Service cloud computing model favorites the Multi-Tenancy as a key factor to exploit economies of scale. However Multi-Tenancy present several disadvantages. Therein, our approach comes to optimize instances assigned to multi-tenants with a solution using rich-variant components while ensuring more economies of scale and avoiding tenants hesitation to share resources. The paper present the theoretical and pragmatic cases of a user-aware multi-tenancy SaaS approach focused on graph-based algorithms. The theoretical case consists in having a set of tenants while the pragmatic case consists in adding a new tenants to a set of tenants.
Een held valt niet – morele dilemma’s als een gevierde insider in de fout gaat
Authors: van Gemert Frank , Stad Danaé
Published: January 2019

A hero doesn’t fall – moral dilemmas when a celebrated insider goes astray

Bill Cosby, Jimmy Savile and Gerrit Achterberg lived in different periods, in the US, UK, and the Netherlands. They were heroes because of what they accomplished during their professional careers but all three turned out to have committed serious crimes. Disclosure is painful, not only for the hero who comes to fall but also for the community that finds itself redefining moral standards when losing a celebrated insider. For this reason, the crimes of these three men have been concealed and kept secret for years. In comparing the three cases, this article tries to find out who decides on keeping the hero on his feet, how this is done, and if this changes over time.
All that fistulises is not Crohn’s disease : Multiple entero-enteric fistulae in intestinal tuberculosis
Authors: Singh Harjeet , Mandavdhare Harshal , Sharma Vishal
Published: January 2019

Abdominal tuberculosis is a common problem for clinicians in the tropical world and may manifest with varying clinical scenarios. Intestinal tuberculosis could have intestinal ulcers, strictures, hypertrophic lesions like polyps and may be complicated by perforation, bleeding, and intestinal obstruction. Crohn’s disease is an important differential of intestinal tuberculosis which is closely mimics intestinal tuberculosis in clinical, endoscopic, radiological and histological presentation. Crohn’s disease is known to have a fistulising variant. We report the case of 23 year old lady who had disseminated tuberculosis with intestinal involvement and seemed to improve on anti-tubercular therapy (ATT) but present with intestinal obstruction in the third month of ATT. Surgical exploration revealed clumping of bowel loops with multiple ileo-ileal fistulae. The case is presented because of the presence of entero-enteric fistulae and also because it demonstrated that intestinal tuberculosis may need surgical intervention even after initial improvement because of complications like intestinal obstruction.
Psychospołeczne uwarunkowania roli sprawcy we wczesnej adolescencji
Authors: Fanicka Marzena
Published: January 2019

Artykuł dotyczy uwarunkowań podejmowania roli sprawcy w kontaktach interpersonalnych w okresie wczesnej adolescencji. Badania osadzono w koncepcji społecznego uczenia się, dlatego też sposób funkcjonowania w relacjach społecznych traktowano jako efekt interakcji czynników biopsychospołecznych. Uwarunkowań wzbudzania roli sprawcy poszukiwano we wzajemnych relacjach czynników, takich jak: przywiązanie, agresywność, odporność psychiczna i przeżywane emocje. Grupę badaną stanowiło 399 nastolatków w wieku między 12. a 15. rokiem życia. Badania miały charakter podłużny. Przeprowadzono dwa pomiary. Pierwszy na początku roku szkolnego (wrzesień 2015), a drugi na jego końcu (czerwiec 2016). W postępowaniu badawczym wykorzystano następujące kwestionariusze: BPAQ (Buss, Perry, 1992), CD – RISC (Connor, Davidson, 2003), IPPA (Armsden, Greenberg, 1987), SUPSO (Mikšik, 2004) oraz Mini-DIA (Österman, Björkqvist, 2008). Uzyskane rezultaty wskazują na znaczenie wcześniejszych doświadczeń, agresywności oraz przeżywanych stanów emocjonalnych dla aktywacji zachowań agresywnych. Wśród dziewcząt istotnym czynnikiem ochronnym okazała się odporność psychiczna. Natomiast w grupie chłopców wykazano znaczenie przywiązania. Wyniki badań skłaniają do refleksji nad budowaną ofertą programów profilaktycznych i korekcyjnych dla nastolatków przejawiających zachowania agresywne.
Tożsamość i agresja wśród adolescentów
Authors: Liberska Hanna
Published: January 2019

Współcześnie prowadzi się wiele badań nad dwoma problemami, z których jeden dotyczy kształtowania się tożsamości w okresie adolescencji, a drugi – agresji wśród młodych ludzi. Badacze poszukują uwarunkowań obu fenomenów wśród cech temperamentu, osobowości, specyfiki środowiska rodzinnego, szkolnego bądź rówieśniczego. W badaniach własnych uwagę skoncentrowano na związku pomiędzy procesami tożsamościowymi i wchodzeniem w rolę sprawcy i ofiary agresji. W grupie badanej było 167 adolescentów w wieku 16–17 lat. W badaniach wykorzystano dwa narzędzia: Mini-DIA (The Mini Direct Indirect Aggression Inventory, Österman, Björkqvist, 2008) oraz Skalę Rozwoju Wymiarów Tożsamości DIDS (The Dimensions of Identity Development Scale, Luyckx i in., 2008). Rezultaty badań wskazują na podobieństwo w przebiegu procesów tożsamościowych u dziewcząt i chłopców oraz na różnicującą rolę czynnika płci w podejmowaniu roli sprawcy i ofiary. Ponadto rozpoznano istotne związki między nasileniem procesów tożsamościowych a doświadczeniami sprawcy i ofiary agresji.
Psychospołeczne czynniki ryzyka zachowań agresywnych młodzieży
Authors: Więcek-Durańska Anna
Published: January 2019

Problematyka zachowań agresywnych młodzieży jest tematem ciągle aktualnym i podejmowanym przez wielu badaczy, m.in. na gruncie psychologii, pedagogiki jaki i prawa. Prowadzone badania mają charakter nie tylko czysto poznawczy ale związane są z próbami wypracowania polityki społecznej, która pozwoli na skuteczne ograniczenie takich zachowań. W zależności od wiodącego nurtu badawczego przyczyn zachowań agresywnych młodzieży poszukuje się na różnych płaszczyznach życia. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań empirycznych stanowiące próbę scharakteryzowania uwarunkowań tzw. czynników ryzyka w odniesieniu do zachowań agresywnych młodzieży. Podkreślić należy, że zaprezentowane wyniki mają charakter specyficzny, gdyż odnoszą się do wybranych zachowań agresywnych, będących jednocześnie czynami niezgodnymi z prawem. Aby uzyskać szerszy obraz zjawiska, dla celów porównawczych oprócz czynów agresywnych młodzieży analizowano również czyny skierowane przeciwko mieniu oraz włączono do badań młodzież, która nie miała doświadczeń z czynami niezgodnymi z prawem. Głównym celem badań była diagnoza wybranych zachowań agresywnych i przemocowych wśród młodzieży w wieku 15–19 lat. Uzyskane wyniki badań pozwoliły na przedstawienie pewnych własności osobowościowych cechujących uczniów podejmujących zachowania agresywne.
Z doświadczeń w pracy z dziećmi z dysfunkcjami rozwojowymi przejawiającymi zachowania agresywne i autoagresywne
Authors: Korporowicz Marta
Published: January 2019

Artykuł poświęcono problematyce zachowań agresywnych i autoagresywnych, z którymi zmagają się terapeuci dzieci z dysfunkcjami rozwojowymi. Terapeuci często zmagają się z problemem agresji zarówno fizycznej, werbalnej, bezpośredniej, jak i pośredniej. Wśród dysfunkcji rozwojowych, o których jest mowa w artykule, można wymienić autyzm, zespół Aspergera, upośledzenie umysłowe w stopniu lekkim, zespołem Downa i ADHD. Celem pracy jest dzielenie się doświadczeniem związanym z zachowaniami agresywnymi i autoagresywnymi przejawianymi przez dzieci z trudnościami rozwojowymi oraz podanie przykładowych interwencji, które były skuteczne w pokonaniu przedstawionych trudności. Podane przykłady trudnych zachowań dzieci, jak również sposoby radzenia sobie z nimi pochodzą z doświadczeń autora artykułu.
Opioid-induced Hyperalgesia complicates treatment of pain: concept, diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Żylicz Zbigniew
Published: January 2019

Opioid induced hyperlagesia (OIH) is caused by excitation of the neurons and microglia in the spinal cord after exposure to opioids. All opioids are able to produce OIH, but some of them do it stronger than others. In this article the concept of OIH as well as the diagnosis and treatment strategies will be discussed. The most successful strategy is the dose reduction and modification of NMDA receptor activity in the spinal cord. This can be secured by the use of ketamine, gabapentinoids, propofol, magnesium salts, paracetamol and experimentally, ultra-low doses of opioid antagonists.
Nasjonale prøver og eksamener i norsk og svensk grunnopplæring
Authors: Olsen Rolf Vegar , Tveit Sverre , Björnsson Julius Kristjan
Published: January 2019

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A TEOLOGIA NEGRA DA LIBERTAÇÃO EM JAMES CONE: ASPECTOS DE SUA HERMENÊUTICA CONTEXTUAL A PARTIR DE O DEUS DOS OPRIMIDOS (1975)
Authors: SANTOS Joe Marçal Gonçalves dos , Andrade Charlisson Silva de
Published: January 2019

O artigo trata da compreensão de James Cone de sua Teologia Negra da Libertação (TNdL), com o objetivo de destacar sua definição hermenêutica a partir de pontos convergente e divergentes com a teologia contemporânea. Na introdução, situamos historicamente o surgimento da TNdL; seguimos com uma descrição do sujeito dessa teologia em seu contexto e condição existencial e política; na terceira seção, tratamos do papel do/a teólogo/a negro/a, tal como James Cone o compreende; em seguida, descrevemos as fontes da TNdL, chamando a atenção para seu caráter orgânico e comunitário. Nas conclusões, destacamos implicações da compreensão hermenêutica da teologia na TNdL.
A produção de verbos monoargumentais no processo de aquisição da linguagem
Authors: Souza Amanda Carvalho
Published: January 2019

Neste artigo buscamos apresentar resultados de uma pesquisa sobre a produção de verbos monoargumentais no processo de aquisição da linguagem. A partir do quadro teórico gerativista, especialmente Chomsky (1975, 1977, 1995, 2002), investigamos como as sentenças formadas por verbos que exigem somente um argumento surgem na produção linguística de duas crianças. Tradicionalmente, os verbos que não apresentam complemento verbal são categorizados como intransitivos. Contudo, estudos demonstram que esses verbos dividem-se em duas classes verbais distintas: a dos inergativos e a dos inacusativos, pois apresentam características sintáticas e semânticas diferentes entre si. Dentre as propriedades sintáticas que diferenciam esses verbos, essa pesquisa focalizou-se na análise da ordem dos constituintes nesses tipos de sentenças. No que se refere às propriedades semânticas, essa pesquisa centrou-se na relação entre as noções de (a)telicidade e os verbos monoargumentais. Palmiere (2002) e Cançado e Ciríaco (2004) indicam que os verbos inacusativos tendem a ser télicos e os inergativos, atélicos. Há, por outro lado, estudos que demonstram que essa relação nem sempre ocorre, tal como o trabalho de Xavier (2016). Os resultados das análises apontam que os verbos inergativos ocorrem exclusivamente na ordem sujeito-verbo e os verbos inacusativos aparecem preferencialmente nessa ordem. A produção de sentenças inacusativas na ordem sujeito-verbo permitiu identificar a aplicação da operação sintática de movimento, considerando-se que o argumento único desse tipo de verbo é gerado na posição de objeto da sentença. Os verbos monoargumentais também possuem relação com o aspecto semântico. Os verbos inacusativos e os inergativos formaram mais vezes predicados atélicos
Cidade e literatura: um encontro com Raskólnikov nas ruas de São Petersburgo
Authors: Braga Heloísa Alves
Published: January 2019

Sabendo que a cidade é um lugar de encontros e desencontros, vários autores da literatura universal a utilizaram como estratégia narrativa capaz de “unir” ficção e realidade em um ambiente de constantes mudanças e transformações. Dostoiévski seguiu também por estas veredas e nos mostrou seus personagens em meio a seus conflitos vividos nos grandes centros do Império Russo. Para evidenciar a importância da cidade como estratégia narrativa nas obras do famoso escritor russo, foi analisada a obra Crime e Castigo, história que se passa em São Petersburgo do século XIX, cidade na qual o protagonista, Raskólnikov, vai aprofundando em suas teorias e se “afundando” em seus pensamentos e culpas. O movimento regular da cidade bem como o vagar de Raskólnikov pelas ruas misturam-se, em uma narrativa que evidencia tanto o dilema do protagonista quanto a diversidade de pessoas que caminham por São Petersburgo, cada uma com seus dilemas e pensamentos e desconstruções e reconstruções/destruições, modificações que são refletidas nas mudanças diárias da cidade. Dessa forma, este artigo busca evidenciar a tênue linha entre ficção e realidade tão bem trabalhada por Dostoiévski.
Poéticas urbanas para o terceiro milênio: um epos para o Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Ferreira Valeria Rosito
Published: January 2019

Este artigo elege a poética de Rogério Batalha como uma voz renovadora na cena carioca de passagem de milênio. Especialmente em Melaço (2002) e “Cidade Fundida” (2012), o poeta transfigura a sensibilidade à violência urbana e aos imensos contrastes que oprimem a cidade do Rio de Janeiro em linguagem polifônica, e nos obriga a lidar sinestesicamente com riscos e perigos na cidade-poema recriada. Ao contrário de recorrer à poesia ensimesmada do gueto, seus poemas dialogam produtivamente com figuras e tradições literárias precedentes na busca por enfrentamentos do indizível, criando uma épica para a capital carioca. Sua matéria prima é composta de interrogações, repetições, aliterações e expressões parentéticas, além de um vasto repertório lexical de antíteses que recriam, na palavra, os entrechoques urbanos que, não raro, naturalizamos.Palavras-chave: Poesia contemporânea. Rogério Batalha. Cidades. Rio de Janeiro.
Manaus nas margens da melancolia
Authors: Alves Cristiane De Mesquita , Castro José Guilherme De Oliveira
Published: January 2019

A cidade é também um texto que se ler em uma narrativa. Sua cartografia subjetivada no enredo literário assume um papel de interpretação tão importante, quanto ao de espaço físico-geográfico, e dos demais elementos narrativos analisados nas obras literárias. Diante desse pressuposto é que se articula a discussão deste artigo, analisar a cidade e sua manifestação subjetivada e alegórica a partir do olhar da cidade de Manaus e do flâneur que perambula por ela: Nael, com base na leitura do romance Dois Irmãos (2000) de Milton Hatoum; objetivando compreender como se processa a formação da melancolia no olhar de Manaus confluindo e se correspondendo com a melancolia do ser, do narrador- personagem Nael. Palavras-chave: Cidade. Manaus. Melancolia.
Understanding Societies in War
Authors: Escott Paul D.
Published: January 2019

This chapter emphasizes the analysis of the wartime forces in both sections that affected unity or division. It raises questions about the roots of the large amount of internal violence or irregular warfare in the South. For the North, it probes the nature of nationalism and asks about that section’s social, political, and religious divisions. Factors affecting both the Republican and the Democratic Parties of the North deserve new attention, as do the role of women in both sections, ethnic groups in the North especially, and the impact of emancipation and racism.
”Do I really need to help?!” Perceived severity of cyberbullying, victim blaming, and bystanders’ willingness to help the victim
Authors: Koehler Christina , Weber Mathias
Published: January 2019

Whether bystanders in cyberbullying help a victim or remain passive is based on multilayered cognitive processes. In particular, perceiving and interpreting an incident as an emergency situation, realizing one’s own responsibility to intervene, and forming the intention to help are crucial preconditions for bystander interventions. The characteristics of information and communication technologies (ICTs) change and hamper these cognitive processes. Information and cues that guide individuals’ reactions to offline victimization are missing in many online environments (e.g., seeing a victim’s suffering). By applying a scenario-based experiment (n = 240; 62% female; Mage = 21.3), we investigate how cyberbullying incidents with differing degrees of severity (insults only vs. insults and threats) affect bystanders’ perception of the incident, their tendency to blame the victim, and finally their reactions to cyber victimization (i.e., willingness to help). Our results showed that participants evaluated an incident that included threats and insults (as compared to insults only) as more severe; this in turn was related to a higher willingness to help the victim. In contrast, a seemingly less severe incident (containing insults only) fostered participants’ tendency to ascribe (at least partial) blame for the incident to the victim. This victim blaming correlated with a lower tendency to support the victim. In conclusion, victims of seemingly less serious incidents in particular are at risk of experiencing prolonged suffering because bystanders fail to identify the emergency character of the situation and refuse to help.
C&RL Spotlight
Authors: Kaspar Wendi
Published: January 2019

As we ring in the new year, it is an opportune time to consider the work that we all do, celebrate it, and reflect on it—particularly those best practices and innovations in the profession that may further the trajectory and impact of our work.As we talk about librarianship and the work of academic libraries and librarians, we often point to best practices, case studies, and lessons learned. Far beyond the “how we done it good” article, they help identify excellence and innovation as well as provide a clear line of sight between research and its application. College & Research Libraries and College & Research Libraries News are flip sides of that coin. C&RL News focuses primarily on practice from a personal and institutional experience perspective, including innovative projects, enhanced services, collaborations across campus, best practices in teaching, and new applications of technology. The day-to-day tip of the iceberg of librarianship in practice, so to speak.
People in the News
Authors: Galloway Ann-Christe
Published: January 2019

Mary E. HelmsDuncan StewartKristine AlpiDeb MorleyAlora BauerLesley BrownJana BrubakerSarah CainSuzanna ConradSamantha DoddEmily DuGranrutDavid GibbsJennifer Gunter KingChristine JensenCarl LeakBrad MatthiesSam McClellanSuzanne SchadlLeanne VandeCreekBailey WallaceChelsea WymanNeda ZeraatkarCliff Haka
Geolocalización y realidad aumentada para un aprendizaje ubicuo en la formación inicial del profesorado
Authors: Villalustre Martínez Lourdes , Del Moral Pérez Esther
Published: January 2019

In the subject of Information and Communication Technologies of the Master's Degree in Early Childhood Education at the University of Oviedo (Spain), the 121 future teachers who studied it designed training itineraries augmented by geolocation, aimed at children in early childhood education, to favor the development of basic skills. Thus, after its realization an evaluation was carried out by means of 12 indicators grouped in three analysis dimensions: enhanced ubiquitous learning, expanded reality designed and level of innovation. The results obtained reveal that the dimension related to the expanded reality designed was developed to a greater extent, while the students had greater difficulties to promote innovation in their proposals. However, the university students has shown to have acquired a medium-high level both in the skill and handling of the technological resources of the augmented reality, and in the didactic potential of the interactive itineraries.
Debate académico de puertas abiertas como herramienta para estimular el pensamiento crítico y la orientación científica: una experiencia piloto
Authors: Mayoral Garcia-Berlanga Olga , Simó Noguera Carles X. , Suay i Lerma Ferran
Published: January 2019

This paper aims to present a pilot experience conducted during the spring of 2018 in the Jardí Botànic (Botanic Garden) of the Universitat de València. The experience brought about 24 students from the degrees of Sociology, Primary School Education and Psychology in the same university (6 students from each degree), and 6 students from different academic backgrounds, including Master´s Degree students and one PhD student. The main goal of the pilot study is to analyze the perception and effectiveness of an academic debate seminar made outdoors and including students from different academic backgrounds. It was organized in three sessions of three hours each, with a pre-established distribution of roles between moderators and participants was pre-established. Clear rules of the functioning were also set up. The debate was structured in different parts, the duration of which had been previously established, as well as the time allocated to each intervention. Mutual trust and respect were also promoted and different dialectical positions and arguments were encouraged. At the end the students assessed the experience and had the opportunity to explain the extent to which the experience was fruitful in an individual essay, highlighting especially two positive aspects: the outdoor environment and the possibility to interact with students of other careers.
El procés contra el mulat Amador de Molina per sodomia, del 1588
Authors: Mompó Navarro Jacob
Published: January 2019

Resum: La sodomia ha estat perseguida al llarg de la història europea pels tribunals civils i eclesiàstics. A més, a partir de l’any 1524 la Inquisició obtingué jurisdicció plena per jutjar la sodomia als territoris d’Aragó, Catalunya i València. Amador de Molina ja havia sigut jutjat i condemnat a Múrcia, des d’on va arribar, desterrat, a la localitat d’Ontinyent. Denunciat per l’estupre d’un menor, el Tribunal de la Inquisició de València es va mostrar implacable. Junt amb la transcripció del procés, aportem en aquest article una relació general d’alguns dels treballs més significatius en l’estudi de la Inquisició i la repressió sexual, i un esbós dels marcs doctrinals i legals del pecat-delicte de sodomia. Paraules clau: sodomia, homosexualitat, pecat nefand, crim, Inquisició, repressió sexual.Abstract: Throughout European history, sodomy has been pursued by civil and ecclesiastical courts. In addition, from 1524 on, the Inquisition obtained jurisdiction to judge sodomy in the territories of Aragon, Catalonia and Valencia. Amador de Molina had been judged and sentenced in Murcia, from where he arrived, exiled, in the village of Ontinyent. Denounced by the rape of a minor, the Court of the Inquisition of Valencia was relentless. Along with the transcription of the process, in this article we provide a general relation of some of the most significant works in the study of the Inquisition and sexual repression, and an outline of the doctrinal and legal frameworks of the sin-crime of sodomy.Keywords: sodomy, homosexuality, nefarious sin, crime, Inquisition, sexual repression.
Les fonts clàssiques de Curial e Güelfa
Authors: Soler Abel
Published: January 2019

Resum: Curial e Güelfa (Milà-Nàpols, ca. 1445-1448), novel·la cavalleresca escrita en català i atribuïble al gran camarlenc del Nàpols d’Alfons el Magnànim, Enyego d’Àvalos, conté una suggerent càrrega culturalista (mites ovidians tergiversats satíricament; teofanies i decorats neoplatònics; remissions explícites i/o implícites Cèsar, Macrobi, Plató, Apuleu...), que no resulta en absolut supèrflua i prescindible, com argumentà algun crític del segle passat. Al contrari: la manera d’evocar-hi els clàssics i de re-presentar-los no s’explica sense considerar els contactes de l’hipotètic escriptor amb l’humanisme llombard i napolità. D’altra banda, el repertori de clàssics greco-llatins documentats en la variada biblioteca personal del mateix D’Àvalos, la segona més rica del sud d’Itàlia, evidencia la coincidència de gustos i lectures d’aquest amb l’anònim del Curial i convida a ratificar la referida atribució.
Paraules clau: Curial e Güelfa, Enyego d’Àvalos, literatura catalana medieval, novel·la cavalleresca, cavalleria humanística.
 
Abstract: Curial e Güelfa (Milan-Naples, ca. 1445-1448), a chivalric romance written in Catalan an attributable to the great chamberlain in the Naples of Alfonso the Magnanimous, Enyego/Inico d’Àvalos, contains a suggestive cultural burden (Ovid’s myths satirically distorted; theophanies and Neo-platonic sets; explicit and/or implicit references to Caesar, Macrobius, Plato, Apuleius...), which is not absolutely superfluous nor dispensable, as some critic from the last century explained. Just the opposite: the way to recall the classics and re-present them cannot be explained without considering the contacts of the hypothetical writer with the Lombard and Neapolitan Humanism. On the other hand, the catalogue of Greek-Latin classics recorded in the varied personal library of D’Àvalos himself, the second richest in the south of Italy, demonstrates the coincidence of his taste and readings with the anonymous writer of the Curial and invites us to ratify the aforementioned attribution.
Keywords: Curial e Güelfa, Enyego d’Àvalos, medieval catalan literature, chivalric romance, humanistic chivalry.
Una revolución en permanente debate. Acercamiento a los estudios de la Revolución rusa
Authors: Vadillo Muñoz Julián
Published: January 2019

La Revolución rusa fue el principal acontecimiento de la historia del siglo xx y marcó la política internacional desde la llegada de los bolcheviques al poder en octubre de 1917. Ello hizo que este suceso se convirtiese en objeto de estudio y debate por parte de historiadores, profesores, ensayistas y periodistas. La producción bibliográfica del acontecimiento fue innumerable desde el mismo momento de su desarrollo. En el presente artículo se analizan las principales obras que se han escrito sobre el proceso revolucionario y las líneas de investigación abiertas al respecto.
Ignacio Tébar Rubio-Manzanares. 2017. Derecho penal del enemigo en el primer franquismo
Authors: Guardiola Lago Maria Jesús
Published: January 2019

Ressenya: Ignacio Tébar Rubio-Manzanares. 2017. Derecho penal del enemigo en el primer franquismo. Alacant: Publicacions de la Universitat d’Alacant, 260 p.
КАКО СЕ СТУДЕНТИ УЧИТЕЉСКОГ ПРОГРАМА ОДНОСЕ ПРЕМА МАТЕМАТИЧКОМ ДОКАЗУ И МАТЕМАТИЧКОЈ АРГУМЕНТАЦИЈИ (ЛИЧНЕ ОПСЕРВАЦИЈЕ)
Authors: Романo Даниел
Published: January 2019

У овој презентацији ријеч је о општем теоријском погледу наматематички доказ. Понуђена је једна анализа директног и индиректног доказа којанам омогућава да сагледамо студентско поимање ове врсте доказа. Анализа сеослања на теоријскe конструктe 'когнитивно јединство' и 'мета-когнитицнојединство' организацијских, когнитивних и метакогнитивних фактора у процесуконструисања прихватљивог доказа. Сем тога, у циљу дубљег разумијевањауспостављена је корелација са тeлеолошким, епистемиолошким и комуникативнимаспектима. У овом моделу, процес доказовања се може описати посредством'ограничења епистемиолошке важности', 'ефикасности у вези са постизањем циља'и 'комуникацијом у складу са заједнички прихваћеним правилима'.
ПРИМЈЕНА БЕСПЛАТНИХ ГИС АПЛИКАЦИЈА У НАСТАВИ ГЕОГРАФИЈЕ
Authors: Драшковић Бранислав
Published: January 2019

У информатичкој ери географија је обезбиједила значајнупозицију засновану на принципима географских информационих система, који су свешире интегрисани у свакодневни живот. Значајан број картографских апликацијапостао је путем интернета доступан широком аудиторијуму, па су милионикорисника, понекад и несвјесно, усмјерени на кориштење ових сервиса, било прекодесктоп рачунара, било преко различитих врста преносивих уређаја. Гугл мапе,Опенстрит мапе, Бинг мапе и друге сличне онлајн апликације, које осим каратакористе сателитске и авио снимке у подлози, ГПС и локалне базе података, постајусве популарније а њихова употреба све масовнија. Свакако да се са развојеминформационих технологија мијења улога географске карте па је све чешћа примјенаинтерактивних дигиталних карата (или атласа) у односу на некадашње класичнекарте. Ширење употребе картографских апликација и уопште географских техникаи алата на кориснике који нису професионалци нити чак географи, створило јеконцепт данас у свијету познат под називом „нова географија“. Бесплатни ГИСсофтвери могу имати широку примјену у настави географије кроз савлађивањеосновних картографских појмова и креирање једноставних ученичких карата сциљем развоја креативности и спонтанијег прихватања географских знања. Такође,све су популарније веб ГИС апликације базиране на концепту клауд компјутинга(cloud computing), које дозвољавају уређивање карата од стране регистрованихкорисника. Различите картографске апликације, с обзиром да су лако доступне,немају комплексно окружење ни компликована корисничка рјешења (што наравнопогодује ученицима), па је њихова примјена у развијеним земљама управо прилагођенаразличитим узрастима, па и за основношколски, кроз тзв. „ГИС за дјецу“ (GIS forkids).
РАНА ПИСМЕНОСТ ИЗ ПЕРСПЕКТИВЕ УЧИТЕЉА И ВАСПИТАЧА
Authors: Клеменовић Јасмина , Терзић Даринка
Published: January 2019

Ставови „за“ и „против“ описмењавања деце пре почеткашколовања често су предмет научних и стручних расправа те спекулација ширејавности. Ова тематика нарочито добија на значају са социокултурном теоријомдечјег развоја која сложен процес описмењавањатумачи као развојну појаву чији сузачеци садржани већ у првим годинам живота детета – тзв. рана писменост илиписменост у настајању. Истраживања показују да је описмењавање умногомеолакшано деци која одрастају у подстицајном социокултурном окружењу или супрошла припрему у одговарајућимпредшколским програмима. Већина европскихземаља са припремом за описмењвање деце започињесе око пете године живота. Утаквим условима оправдано је интересовање за ставове практичара од којих сенајвише очекује када је у питању припрема заописмењавање деце код нас. Почеткомпрошле школске године у неколико основних школа и предшколских установа у Србијиорганизовано је истаживање на узорку од 46 учитеља и 48 васпитача. Анкетирањемукупно 94 практичара утврђеноједа половина учитеља и једна четвртина васпитачаима позитиван став према раној писмености, при чему су васпитачи са мање радногискуства и нижом стручном спремом изричитији у ставу „против“ у односу на онеискусније, са високим образовањем, и учитеље. Као основне аргументе против раногописмењавања практичати наводе недовољну зрелост деце и (не)оспособљеностваспитача. Ипак, да „дечију заинтересованост за читање и писање не требагушити и одлагати“ сложили су се готово сви учитељи и највећи број васпитача.Иако су практичари сагласни у ставу да је важно да у описмењавању деце сарађујупородица, предшколска установа и школа, на чему посебно инсистирајуучитељи,више од половинењих не познаје циљеве и задатке програма који сереализује у припремним групама. Установљене су разлике у очекивањима практичараод програмских активности при чему васпитачи фаворизују развој општихспособности и свих аспеката развоја деце док су учитељи усмерени на припрему заописмењавање, пре свега писање. На крају рада дате су смернице за унапређивањесарадње предшколске установе и школе у циљу подршке раној писмености.
МУЛТИМЕДИЈАЛНИ ИНТЕРАКТИВНИ ЕЛЕКТРОНСКИ УЏБЕНИК
Authors: Павловић Љубица
Published: January 2019

Веома важан задатак савременог образовног процеса јеподизање учинка постојећих и проналажење ефикаснијих метода и облика рада. Уери информационих технологија и опште мобилности друштва, традиционалниначини представљања наставних материјала су досадни и непрактични. Потребноје наставне материјале осавременити и учинити занимљивим и на тај начинповећати мотивацију ученика. Мултимедијални интерактивни електронски уџбеник,уз добар избор најделотворнијих метода из дидактичке праксе, који садржи ивизуелно занимљиве елементе, уз интеракцију може бити веома занимљив образовниматеријал намењен ученицима свих узраста. Циљ овог рада је указати намогућности и ефекте примене мултимедијалног интерактивног електронскогуџбеника у настави.
НЕДОСТАЦИ УНИВЕРЗИТЕТСКИХ ПРОГРАМА ИЗ МЕТОДИКE НАСТАВЕ НА КАТЕДРАМА ЗА НАСТАВНИЧКА ЗАНИМАЊА
Authors: Лаловић Раде
Published: January 2019

Имајући у виду да је основна улога наставничких факултета усвим земљама образовање наставног кадра за рад у основним и средњим школама,потпуно је логично што се у документу Министарства просвете Републике Србије„Стандарди и компетенције за професију наставника и њиховог професионалногразвоја“, Београд, 2011. године као основне наставничке компетенције које треба даосигурају професионалне стандарде наводе четири групе компетенција и то за: 1.Наставну област, предмет и методику наставе, 2. Поучавање и учење, 3. Подршкуразвоју личности ученика, 4. Комуникацију и сарадњуПолазећи од наведеног а у складу с основном темом научног скупа одлучилисмо да у свом саопштењу говоримо о методици наставе у данас важећимуниверзитетским програмима на наставничким факултетима са становиштаосигурања професионалних стандарда и компетенција неопходних за ефикасан иквалитетан рад наставника у учионици.У саопштењу се указује на конкретне недостатке у овим програмима докојих смо дошли њиховом компаративном анализом. Такође се износе јасни приједлозиза доградњу ових програма како би млади наставници након положеног испита изметодике наставе на било ком наставничком факултету били потпуно спремни законкретан наставни процес, односно за посао наставника датог предмета уучионици, што данас није случај.
Chromatin streaming from giant polyploid nuclei in Ishikawa endometrial hollow spheroids results in the amitotic proliferation of nuclei that fill the spheroid envelope
Authors: Fleming Honoree
Published: January 2019

This paper describes the amitotic proliferation of nuclei that fill the envelope of Ishikawa hollow spheroids. The presence of hollow spheroids in malignant ascites fluid has intrigued cancer researchers, but little is understood about how they form. Observations in Ishikawa endometrial cell cultures demonstrate that nuclei filling the spheroid envelope are generated amitotically by the same mechanism responsible for cell formation in domes. Transient structures of aggregated chromatin surrounded by fused giant mitochondria, the initiating structure for dome formation, are also the starting point for the differentiation of unicellular polyploid hollow spheroids. Nuclei from monolayer cells are aggregated in a single enlarged cell where they become surrounding by giant fused mitochondria. A gaseous vacuole forms inside the mitonucleon extending it so that all of the cell material, including nuclei is pressed against the cell membrane. The resulting unicellular hollow spheroid detaches from the colony, capable of migration from the site of its formation. Ultimately, pressure on the aggregated chromatin results in the release of streams of chromatin granules that initially travel as if guided by microtubules through the shell of the hollow spheroid. Granules dissolve into filaments and, as initially described in dome formation, this material self-assembles into clusters of nuclei. Nuclei move out of these clusters into a regular array within the spheroid envelope, with formation of cell membranes as the final step in the creation of multicellular hollow spheroids. The curved membrane characteristic of domes and spheroids, as well as colonies of nuclei produced by amitosis have been identified in tumor tissue that survives chemotherapy, suggesting that amitotic cell proliferation may at least partially explain the population of cancer tumor cells in humans that are resistant to chemotherapy.
Fully automated sequence alignment methods are comparable to, and much faster than, traditional methods in large data sets: an example with hepatitis B virus
Authors: Catanach Therese A. , Sweet Andrew D. , Nguyen Nam-phuong D. , Peery Rhiannon M. , Debevec Andrew H. , Thomer Andrea K. , Owings Amanda C. , Boyd Bret M. , Katz Aron D. , Soto-Adames Felipe N. , Allen Julie M.
Published: January 2019

Aligning sequences for phylogenetic analysis (multiple sequence alignment; MSA) is an important, but increasingly computationally expensive step with the recent surge in DNA sequence data. Much of this sequence data is publicly available, but can be extremely fragmentary (i.e., a combination of full genomes and genomic fragments), which can compound the computational issues related to MSA. Traditionally, alignments are produced with automated algorithms and then checked and/or corrected “by eye” prior to phylogenetic inference. However, this manual curation is inefficient at the data scales required of modern phylogenetics and results in alignments that are not reproducible. Recently, methods have been developed for fully automating alignments of large data sets, but it is unclear if these methods produce alignments that result in compatible phylogenies when compared to more traditional alignment approaches that combined automated and manual methods. Here we use approximately 33,000 publicly available sequences from the hepatitis B virus (HBV), a globally distributed and rapidly evolving virus, to compare different alignment approaches. Using one data set comprised exclusively of whole genomes and a second that also included sequence fragments, we compared three MSA methods: (1) a purely automated approach using traditional software, (2) an automated approach including by eye manual editing, and (3) more recent fully automated approaches. To understand how these methods affect phylogenetic results, we compared resulting tree topologies based on these different alignment methods using multiple metrics. We further determined if the monophyly of existing HBV genotypes was supported in phylogenies estimated from each alignment type and under different statistical support thresholds. Traditional and fully automated alignments produced similar HBV phylogenies. Although there was variability between branch support thresholds, allowing lower support thresholds tended to result in more differences among trees. Therefore, differences between the trees could be best explained by phylogenetic uncertainty unrelated to the MSA method used. Nevertheless, automated alignment approaches did not require human intervention and were therefore considerably less time-intensive than traditional approaches. Because of this, we conclude that fully automated algorithms for MSA are fully compatible with older methods even in extremely difficult to align data sets. Additionally, we found that most HBV diagnostic genotypes did not correspond to evolutionarily-sound groups, regardless of alignment type and support threshold. This suggests there may be errors in genotype classification in the database or that HBV genotypes may need a revision.
War Exposure and DNA Methylation in Syrian Refugee Children and Adolescents
Authors: Smeeth Demelza , Ecker Simone , Chervova Olga , McEwen Fiona , Karam Elie , Beck Stephan , Pluess Michael
Published: November 2024

Importance

Exposure to war is associated with poor mental health outcomes. Adverse and traumatic experiences can lead to long-lasting DNA methylation changes, potentially mediating the link between adversity and mental health. To date, limited studies have investigated the impact of war on DNA methylation in children or adolescents, hampering our understanding of the biological impact of war exposure.

Objective

To identify salivary DNA methylation differences associated with war exposure in refugee children and adolescents.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study included Syrian refugee children and adolescents, and their primary caregiver were recruited from tented settlements in Lebanon. Data collection was carried out in 2 waves, 1 year apart, from October 2017 to January 2018 and October 2018 to January 2019. Children and their caregiver were interviewed, and children provided saliva samples for DNA extraction. Data analysis was conducted in 2022, 2023, and 2024.

Exposure

War exposure assessed by interviewing children and their caregiver using the War Events Questionnaire.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Salivary DNA methylation levels were assayed with the Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip (Illumina). Epigenetic aging acceleration was estimated using a set of preexisting epigenetic aging clocks. A literature search was conducted to identify previously reported DNA methylation correlates of childhood trauma.

Results

The study population included 1507 children and adolescents (mean [SD] age, 11.3 [2.4] years; age range, 6-19 years; 793 female [52.6%]). A total of 1449 children provided saliva samples for DNA extraction in year 1, and 872 children provided samples in year 2. Children who reported war events had a number of differentially methylated sites and regions. Enrichment analyses indicated an enrichment of gene sets associated with transmembrane transport, neurotransmission, and intracellular movement in genes that exhibited differential methylation. Sex-stratified analyses found a number of sex-specific DNA methylation differences associated with war exposure. Only 2 of 258 (0.8%) previously reported trauma-associated DNA methylation sites were associated with war exposure (B = −0.004; 95% CI, −0.005 to −0.003; Bonferroni P = .04 and B = −0.005; 95% CI, −0.006 to −0.004; Bonferroni P = .03). Any war exposure or bombardment was nominally associated with decreased epigenetic age using the Horvath multitissue clock (B = −0.39; 95% CI, −0.63 to −0.14; P = .007 and B = −0.42; 95% CI, −0.73 to −0.11; P = .002).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort of Syrian refugee children and adolescents, war exposure was associated with a small number of distinct differences in salivary DNA methylation.
Histotripsy—A Novel and Intriguing Technique of Liver Ablation
Authors: Rog Colin J. , Alassas Mohamed , Ong Evan
Published: November 2024

This article discusses the use of histotripsy as a noninvasive method for tumor ablation that involves mechanical destruction of tissues without the generation of heat, resulting in accurate and precise treatment without surrounding tissue damage.
The Quality of Evidence Supporting Clinical Practice Guidelines in General Surgery
Authors: Abbasi Ali B. , Valderrama Adrian , Decker Hannah C. , Bongiovanni Tasce , Wick Elizabeth C.
Published: November 2024

This meta-analysis assesses the strength and quality of clinical recommendations in practice guidelines published by professional societies.
Unique pharmacological properties of etrasimod among S1P receptor modulators
Authors: Gaidarov Ibragim , Komori H. Kiyomi , Stepniak Dariusz T. , Bruinsma Karin , Dang Huong , Chen Xiaohua , Anthony Todd , Gatlin Joel , Karimi‐Naser Lisa , Ton Anh‐Tuan , Indersmitten Tim , Miller Paul E. , Ghetti Andre , Abi‐Gerges Najah , Unett David , Al‐Shamma Hussien , Rabbat Christopher J. , Crosby Catherine , Adams John W.
Published: November 2024

Etrasimod (ADP334) is an oral, once‐daily, selective sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P)1,4,5 receptor modulator for the treatment of moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis and in development for the treatment of immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases. Interaction between S1P and its five receptor subtypes (S1P1–S1P5) plays a role in several physiologic systems, including the cardiovascular and immune systems. Since differences in S1PR binding and downstream intracellular signaling could contribute to distinct profiles of drug efficacy and safety, we directly compared the S1P1–5 selectivity profile of etrasimod to three marketed S1PR modulators: fingolimod, ozanimod, and siponimod. Using both heterologous expression systems and human umbilical vein endothelial cells that spontaneously express S1P1, we profiled key S1P1 downstream signaling pathways and found that etrasimod had similar potency to the other tested S1PR modulators in promoting β‐arrestin recruitment and S1P1 internalization. However, etrasimod was notably less potent than other S1PR modulators in assays measuring S1P1‐mediated G protein activation (GTPγS binding and cAMP inhibition). Relatively lower potency of etrasimod in inducing G protein signaling corresponded to significantly diminished activation of human cardiac G protein‐coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channels when compared to ozanimod. Together with pharmacokinetic properties, this pharmacologic profile of etrasimod may contribute to the positive benefit risk profile of etrasimod observed during the phase III ELEVATE UC 52 and ELEVATE UC 12 trials in patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis.