bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical cases of head osteomas in the Department of Otolaryngology at the University Hospital in Gdask 2012-2019
Authors: Bełdzińska Karolina , Mollin Edward , Brzoznowski Wojciech , Skorek Andrzej
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Osteomas are the most common benign nonepithelial neoplasms of the head. The tumors are slow growing and cause headaches. Osteomas are often diagnosed accidentally, during the head imagining procedures.
Objective: Clinical and epidemiological assessments of patients with head and neck osteomas. Material and methods: We carried out the analysis of medical documentation of patients treated in Otolaryngology Department of the Medical University in Gdask in the years 20122019 with osteoma diagnosis and analyzed the therapeutic approach and treatment results.
Results: 38 patients with osteoma have been operated on during the investigated period of time (18 men, 20 women). Most of the osteomas were localized in the frontal sinuses (55.3%). External frontoethmoidectomy was the most commonly performed surgery (73.7%). 10 patients (26.3%) underwent endoscopic ethmoidectomy. It has been proven that there is no link between this neoplasm and age, sex or tobacco smoking.
Conclusions: Osteomas are rare bone neoplasms. The course of the illness depends on the primary localization of the osteoma. Asymptomatic osteomas do not require surgical excision. They require only regular otolaryngological control. The most common symptoms of osteomas are intensive headaches, which are difficult to treat. Diagnostics of such tumors is based on Computed Tomography and surgery is in this case a treatment of choice.
Whiplash Injuries. Current State of Knowledge
Authors: Godek Piotr
Published: November 2020

Due to the rapid development of transport and a significant increase in the number of road users, whiplash injuries are a global health problem and a significant financial burden for both health care systems and insurance systems. The rich symptomatology of whiplash injuries with their impact on the somatic and emotional-behavioral sphere prompts us to define a new disease entity, namely Whiplash Associated Disorders (WAD). The mechanism of whiplash injury is still under debate and theories explaining the pathogenesis of WAD are very diverse, ranging from purely biomechanical and hydrostatic to neurophysiological, emphasizing sensitization and dysfunctional neuromodulation of pain after whiplash injuries. WAD syndrome should be understood more broadly than just cervical trauma, as problems specific to local legal cultures often determine both epidemiological indicators, the course of treatment and prognosis of the disease. There is a need for further research on the issue of whiplash considering inconsistent literature data about optimal rehabilitation after such injuries.
Stress and Anxiety Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic (Lessons Learnt from a Cohort of Orthopaedic Registrars Redeployed to ITU)
Authors: Boktor Joseph , Gwyn Rhodri , Gonzi Gianluca , Kumar Abhijeet , Roy Kunal , Rooney Kathryn , Pullen Huw
Published: November 2020

Background. Working during the coronavirus pandemic has had a significant impact on health care workers. A group of orthopaedic trainees at Royal Gwent Hospital, UK, were redeployed to intensive therapy unit for four weeks during COVID-19 pandemic. This study reviews our experience; focusing on causes of stress and anxiety, and how they were managed. The lessons learnt could be used as a framework for pre-emptive me­asures during future challenges.
Material and methods. Orthopaedic registrars were divided into two groups. Seven trainees (Redeployed group) moved to ITU for four weeks to support the critical care team. The other group (Retained group) of eight registrars continued to cover orthopaedic rota. A survey was done for anxiety levels comparing the two groups at three time points during these four weeks.
Results. Anxiety and stress in the ITU-redeployed group was comparatively less than the continuing group as time progressed during the redeployment.
Conclusions. 1. The disruptive impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been a source of massive stress and an­xiety for health care workers. 2. Our experience shows that stress is controllable with the correct strategies. 3. The main points are early identification of vulnerable groups, proper induction, active involvement, adequate explanation, appreciation, good communication, and available psychological support whenever needed. 4. These are essential to maintain a resilient workforce against upcoming waves of COVID-19.
Analysis of Outcomes of Total Cementless Hip Joint Arthroplasty in the Treatment of Advanced Hip Osteoarthritis Following Childhood Perthes’ Disease
Authors: Drobniewski Marek , Krasińska Magdalena , Grzegorzewski Andrzej , Synder Marek , Borowski Andrzej
Published: November 2020

Background. The aim of this study is to analyse the outcomes of total cementless hip joint arthroplasty in the treatment of advanced hip osteoarthritis following Perthes’ disease in childhood.
Material and methods. The study enrolled 56 patients (15 women and 41 men) who underwent a total of 61 hip joint arthroplasties for coxarthrosis following Perthes’ disease. The mean age of the patients at surgery was 46.7 years (range 21-67 years). The mean follow-up period was 13.7 years.
Results. Pre-operative Merle d’Aubigne-Postel scores (modified by Charnley) of the study group were poor in all patients. Mean post-operative improvement was 6.7 points. The outcomes were classified as excellent in 25 cases, good in 16, satisfactory in 16 and poor in 9 cases. Poor results were always related to loosening of the acetabular cup. Heterotopic ossification was noted in 7 cases. According to the Kaplan-Meier estimator, 10 years’ survival probability was 85.24% for the whole implant and 100% for the stem.
Conclusions. 1. Total cementless hip joint arthroplasty is an effective method in the treatment of advanced hip osteoarthritis following Perthes’ disease in childhood. 2. With good surgical technique and in the absence of complications, the risk of aseptic loosening is minimal. 3. Due to the patients’ young age, there may be more cases of loosening over time, requiring regular long-term follow-up.
Otorhinolaryngology teaching at the Warsaw University in 1920-1939
Authors: Bruzgielewicz Antoni , Bartoszewicz Robert , Krupowies Walentyna , Osuch-Wójcikiewicz Ewa , Niemczyk Kazimierz
Published: November 2020

Before the Department and Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology was established, scientific and professional activity on the ENT field was carried out in others specialist departments, including internal and surgery departments, as well as in hospital outpatient clinics and clinics dealing with ear, nose and larynx diseases. Otorhinolaryngologist got involved in this activity. The Chair of Otorhinolaryngology at the University of Warsaw was established on June 1, 1920, while the Department on January 15, 1921 at Elektoralna Street 12 in Warsaw was opening. In this paper we discuss on the otorhinolaryngology student’s teaching in the newly opened Chair and Department, taking into account staff, housing, teaching aids and legal acts issued at that time.
CGRP receptor and its role in the pharmacotherapy of migraine
Authors: Woroń Jarosław
Published: November 2020

Migraine is a spontaneous headache of significant prevalence. It is the second most common disease that adversely affects quality of life, and the second most severe neurological disease. In the pathogenesis of migraine, increased activity of the nucleus and the trigeminal nerve leads to the release of vasoactive neuropeptides beyond the vascular bed, including substance P, a calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). The calcitonin gene-dependent peptide is a neuropeptide that is recognized as one of the fundamental factors in the pathophysiology of migraine. CGRP expression has been revealed in many regions of the central and peripheral nervous system. The positive results of antagonist studies have confirmed that blocking CGRP is a new and effective treatment for migraine.
Die Dritthaftung von Rechtsanwälten für Vermögensschäden
Authors: Jungblut Gianna-Maria
Published: November 2020

Die Arbeit befasst sich mit den Besonderheiten der Dritthaftung von Rechtsanwälten nach deutschem und US-amerikanischem Recht. Mit Blick auf die besondere Stellung von Rechtsanwälten wird aufgezeigt, dass die durch Rechtsprechung und Literatur entwickelten Grundsätze der Expertenhaftung nicht übertragen werden können. Am Beispiel des für die juristische Praxis bedeutsamen Legal Due Diligence Reports wird anschließend dogmatisch untersucht, unter welchen Voraussetzungen eine Haftung gegenüber Drittempfängern entstehen kann. Zudem wird der wachsende Einfluss der US-amerikanischen Vertragspraxis beleuchtet und analysiert, ob die Übernahme von anglo-amerikanischen Gestaltungsmitteln zur Haftungsbegrenzung in Deutschland sinnvoll ist.
Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) and Diabetic Foot: Pathophysiological Findings and Recent Developments in Their Inhibitors of Natural as well as Synthetic Origin
Authors: Kaur Kirandeep , Singh Atamjit , Attri Shivani , Malhotra Danish , Verma Aditi , Bedi Neena , Mohinder Singh Bedi Preet
Published: November 2020

Management of diabetic foot remains a major challenge for healthcare system. Though wound healing is a multiphase process and involved multiple biomarkers that acts in stepwise manner, pathophysiology diabetic foot ulcers is still not much clear and need standardization. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are often linked with non-healing characteristic of diabetic foot ulcers. They play vital roles in various phases of healing process. Major functions are removal of damaged extracellular matrix in inflammatory phase, breakdown of capillary basement membrane prior to angiogenesis and facilitation in fibroblast migration during proliferation phase. For efficient healing, these enzymes are needed in certain amount only. Imbalance of these enzymes leads to excessive degradation which has been linked with the non-healing nature of diabetic ulcers. This chapter will shed light on the role of MMP’s in various phases of wound healing and the inhibitors of MMP’s from natural as well as synthetic origin. It would help researchers and physicians to the understand nature of diabetic foot more clearly and design of strategies for diabetic foot management.
The Influence of Self- and Partner-Enhancement, Perceptual Congruence and Personal Identity on Relational Satisfaction among Married Couples, Dating Couples and Same-Sex Roommate Dyads
Authors: Michael George Darren , Wisdom Andrel , Linrud Annelise , Hall Stephanie , Ballais Miriam , Bermudez Karina
Published: November 2020

This study builds on the Taylor and Brown theory of positive illusions to attain a more in-depth understanding of the relative influence of perceptual congruence and enhanced perception (positive illusions) on relational satisfaction. A sample of 812, organized into 406 subject-partner pairs of 203 married couples, 100 dating couples, and 103 same-sex roommate dyads completed questionnaires. Each subject rated him- or her-self on six personal qualities (social skills, emotional stability, agreeableness, hostility, depression, and spirituality) and four temperaments (Dominance, Influence, Supportiveness, Conscientiousness). Then they took tests that measured the same qualities to compare with the self-ratings. On another questionnaire, each partner rated the subject on the same 10 qualities. Both subjects and partners completed the Dyadic Adjustment Scale as the measure of relational satisfaction. Primary findings discovered that in most cases, positive illusions diminish relational satisfaction. The only setting in which benefit occurs is when partners rate subjects higher than subjects rate themselves. Congruence between ratings (whether subject-test, partner-test or subject-partner) is strongly associated with relational success. Findings contrast with the Taylor and Brown theory and provide a more nuanced look at the influence of enhancement or congruence.
Fibroids and Hysteroscopy: An Overview
Authors: Vidal Mazo Cinta
Published: November 2020

Submucosal fibroids account for 10% of total fibroids. They significantly impact quality of life causing abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), reduction in fertility rates/infertility, obstetrics complications and abdominal pain. They are a major public health concern because of economic cost their monitoring and treatment requires. Hysteroscopic myomectomy is the first line minimally invasive and conservative surgical treatment. Treating a fibroid correctly implies knowing its physiopathology: What is a submucosal fibroids and what is its origin, what is the Pseudocapsule?. Proper diagnosis and standardized classification such as the Wamsteker classification are required. What are the limits to perform a hysteroscopic myomectomy? What devices are currently used? What are the requirements for conducting myomectomy procedures in the outpatient setting?. Different forms of surgical approach. Complications and consequences of a myomectomy. What will we do in the future with the management of small submucosal fibroids in asymptomatic patients with future genetic desires and can we resect type 3 fibroids by hysteroscopy avoiding a higher risk surgery by abdominal route?
Atmospheric Pollution Interventions in the Environment: Effects on Biotic and Abiotic Factors, Their Monitoring and Control
Authors: Zeeshan Nukshab , Nabila  , Murtaza Ghulam , Ur Rahman Farooqi Zia , Naveed Khurram , Usman Farid Muhammad
Published: November 2020

Atmosphere is polluted for all living, non-living entities. Concentrations of atmospheric pollutants like PM2.5, PM10, CO, CO2, NO, NO2, and volatile organic compounds (VOC) are increasing abruptly due to anthropogenic activities (fossil fuels combustion, industrial activities, and power generation etc.). These pollutants are causing soil (microbial diversity disturbance, soil structure), plants (germination, growth, and biochemistry), and human health (asthma, liver, and lungs disorders to cancers) interventions. All the effects of these pollutants on soil, plants, animals, and microbes needed to be discussed briefly. Different strategies and technologies (HOPES, IOT, TEMPO and TNGAPMS) are used in the world to reduce the pollutant emission at source or when in the atmosphere and also discussed here. All gaseous emissions control mechanisms for major exhaust gases from toxic to less toxic form or environmental friendly form are major concern. Heavy metals present in dust and volatile organic compounds are converted into less toxic forms and their techniques are discussed briefly.
Microbiota of Wild Fruits from the Amazon Region of Ecuador: Linking Diversity and Functional Potential of Lactic Acid Bacteria with Their Origin
Authors: N. Tenea Gabriela , Jarrin-V Pablo , Yepez Lucia
Published: November 2020

Subtropical wild fruits are a reservoir of microbial diversity and represent a potential source of beneficial microorganisms. Wild fruits provide essential nutrients, minerals, and antioxidants that contribute to human health. Many of these wild fruits are used by indigenous peoples for medicine and food, but there is yet an unexplored potential in the study of their properties and benefits. Wild fruits from the Amazon region and their associated active substances or bacterial communities can prevent disease, provide appropriate nutrition, contribute to new sources of income, and improve lives. Despite its condition as a megabiodiverse country, Ecuador suffers from limited access to its genetic resources, and particularly for research. A total of 41 isolates were obtained from six wild Amazonian fruit species and were molecularly classified into the genera Lactiplantibacillus (31 isolates), Lactococcus (3 isolates), Weissella (3 isolates), and Enterococcus (1 isolate). Three isolates showed large divergence in sequence variability and were not identified by the taxonomic assignment algorithm. Inferred phylogenies on the 16S rRNA gene explained the relationship between lineages and their origin. Carbohydrate metabolism and antimicrobial profiles were evaluated, and the isolates were classified from a functional perspective. Antimicrobial profiles showed a wide-range spectrum against several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. To our knowledge, this is the first study assessing the diversity of LAB in native tropical fruits from the Amazon region of Ecuador and their promising functional properties. The obtained isolates and their assessed properties are valuable genetic resources to be further investigated for industrial and pharmaceutical applications.
Advances in Electrical Neuroimaging, Brain Networks and Neurofeedback Protocols
Authors: W. Thatcher Robert , J. Biver Carl , Palermero Soler Ernesto , Lubar Joel , Lucas Koberda J.
Published: November 2020

Human EEG biofeedback (neurofeedback) started in the 1940s using 1 EEG recording channel, then to 4 channels in the 1990s. New advancements in electrical neuroimaging expanded EEG biofeedback to 19 channels using Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (LORETA) three-dimensional current sources of the EEG. In 2004–2006 the concept of a “real-time” comparison of the EEG to a healthy reference database was developed and tested using surface EEG z-score neurofeedback based on a statistical bell curve called “real-time” z-scores. The “real-time” or “live” normative reference database comparison was developed to help reduce the uncertainty of what threshold to select to activate a feedback signal and to unify all EEG measures to a single value, i.e., the distance from the mean of an age matched reference sample. In 2009 LORETA z-score neurofeedback further increased the specificity by targeting brain network hubs referred to as Brodmann areas. A symptom check list program to help link symptoms to dysregulation of brain networks based on fMRI and PET and neurology was created in 2009. The symptom checklist and NIH based networks linking symptoms to brain networks grew out of the human brain mapping program starting in 1990 which is continuing today. A goal is to increase specificity of EEG biofeedback by targeting brain network hubs and connections between hubs likely linked to the patient’s symptoms. New advancements in electrical neuroimaging introduced in 2017 provide increased resolution of three-dimensional source localization with 12,700 voxels using swLORETA with the capacity to conduct cerebellar neurofeedback and neurofeedback of subcortical brain hubs such as the thalamus, amygdala and habenula. Future applications of swLORETA z-score neurofeedback represents another example of the transfer of knowledge gained by the human brain mapping initiatives to further aid in helping people with cognition problems as well as balance problems and parkinsonism. A brief review of the past, present and future predictions of z-score neurofeedback are discussed with special emphasis on new developments that point toward a bright and enlightened future in the field of EEG biofeedback.
The Ethical and Responsibility Components in Environmental Challenges: Elements of Connection between Corporate Social Responsibility and Social Impact Assessment
Authors: Cristina Coscia
Published: November 2020

The contribution constitutes a first exploratory outcome of an ongoing research by the Author on the issues of ethics and responsibility in investment processes, starting from the assumptions of the CSR approach. It makes a critical reinterpretation of it in the light of the ongoing debates and provides a specific reading key. In this sense, the contributions of other approaches and disciplines, in particular those of social investing and social impact axis, have highlighted some issues that constitute operational steps certainly at the center of future research developments and in particular linked to current environmental challenges: 1) the creation of value, 2) the stakeholders and corporate social citizenship, 3) the shared accountability, starting from the Social Report and Participatory Budget models. Specific paragraphs are dedicated to these research issues, which are intended to highlight both the impact assessment models and the technical steps yet to be explored. As a conclusion of the reasoning and to signal potential future developments, some application areas are cited (e.g. those of urban and peri-urban regeneration processes), in which the investment assessment and impact assessment models have experimented with innovation factors, linked to the aspects of the ethics and social responsibility among stakeholders.
Advancements in Optical Data Transmission and Security Systems
Authors: Domb Menachem
Published: November 2020

Optical Communication (OC) for data transmission was introduced more than 30 years ago. It employs two main technologies, fiber optics using a physical wire and Free Space Optical (FSO) wireless transmission. Fiber optics has been well developed over the years in terms of distance, bandwidth, speed, reliability, and other enhancements that contribute to its use. Recent developments in FSO transmission has made it the mainstream and a better alternative compared to RF wireless transmission, concerning all parameters. In this chapter, we focus on advancements in OC that represent innovative ideas of how to enable new methods of secured optical data transmission in different ways and not simply as an extension to current methods and technologies.
The Self as a Reason to Regulate
Authors: Sias James ,   University of Arkansas Press
Published: November 2020

Notably absent from much of the psychological literature on emotion regulation are attempts to answer explicitly normative questions about the phenomenon. It is one thing to explain how emotional states are regulated. It is another thing to say something about what reasons there are to regulate our emotions, whether and why we might sometimes be obligated to regulate our emotions, and how we regulate our emotions well, or optimally. This paper is an attempt at the latter task, focused specifically on a type of emotion regulation also receiving little attention in the literature—what I call dispositional emotion regulation. Dispositional regulation occurs, when it does, at some point or period of time significantly prior to the onset of affected emotional states or episodes, and by means of modifying the subject’s emotional dispositions. And it is done well, or optimally, I argue, when it is done with an aim toward achieving and maintaining a coherent and comprehensible self, in the sense Shaftesbury had in mind.
Michael Vinson. Bluffing Texas Style: The Arsons, Forgeries, and High-Stakes Poker Capers of Rare Book Dealer Johnny Jenkins.
Authors: Shetler Brian
Published: November 2020

The story of Johnny Jenkins, rare book dealer, forger, gambler, and misterioso, has haunted me since my days in library school nearly a decade ago. I first encountered Jenkins through his publication Rare Books and Manuscript Thefts: A Security System for Librarians, Booksellers, and Collectors, which was printed in 1982 while Jenkins served as president of the Antiquarian Booksellers Association of America (ABAA). I was doing research related to the history of book theft in the United States and found Jenkins’s short text (only 27 pages) to be a helpful insight into how the ABAA viewed book theft and security. Pursuing Jenkins a bit further, I quickly came upon Calvin Trillin’s fascinating 1989 New Yorker article that chronicled Jenkins’s demise. The details of Jenkins’s secret life of forgeries, gambling, and arson were fascinating; the details of his death (shot in the back of the head, no weapon found, ruled a suicide?) were macabre and confounding. A few years later, while on break at a conference in Austin, TX, I walked into a used bookstore and found a copy of Jenkins’s Audubon and Other Capers (1976), which told the tale of his exploits in helping the FBI track down book thieves in the early 1970s. The completely contradictory life that Jenkins led, coupled with his untimely and odd death, stuck in my brain in the form of unanswered questions, unclear details, and an unresolved murder or suicide. While it was not up to me to put the pieces together and offer a clear picture of Johnny Jenkins’s life, career, and death, it had to be done by someone. That someone, it turns out, was another rare book dealer specializing in Texas and the West, Michael Vinson.
Voxelotor: A Hemoglobin S Polymerization Inhibitor for the Treatment of Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Yenamandra, PharmD Avani , Marjoncu, PharmD, BCOP Dennis
Published: November 2020

Sickle cell disease (SCD) affects millions of people throughout the world. Hemoglobin S (HbS) polymerization is the fundamental cause of SCD pathophysiology, which leads to hemolysis, increased viscosity, and acute vaso-occlusive episodes. Novel agents have been developed to target the pathophysiology of SCD and decrease the frequency of SCD complications. Voxelotor (Oxbryta) is an HbS polymerization inhibitor that is approved by the U.S. Food & Drug Administration for the treatment of SCD in adults and pediatric patients 12 years and older.
Weaning from mechanical ventilation with high flow oxygen therapy via tracheal cannula
Authors: Skok Kristijan , Golub Jerneja , Kunej Damjana , Sinkovič Andreja , Markota Andrej
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Application of oxygen at high flows via nasal cannula can be used in patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure and to prevent reintubation. It is well tolerated by the patients and has been associated with lower mortality. However, there is very little data on the use of oxygen at high flows connected to tracheal cannula (HFOTC).
Case presentation: We present two patients in whom weaning from mechanical ventilation was difficult and we decided to use HFOTC for weaning. Weaning from mechanical ventilation with HFOTC was successful in both patients and they tolerated long term (4 and 2 days, respectively) ventilatory support with HFOTC without adverse effects.
Conclusions: HFOTC might be used during weaning from mechanical ventilation, however, more data is needed to determine the optimal use of this treatment option.
Trije primeri samomora v času epidemije covida-19 – potreba po ukrepanju?
Authors: Alibegović Armin , Balažic Jože , Švab Vesna
Published: November 2020

Epidemija covida-19 je po dostopnih podatkih podobno kot epidemije nalezljivih bolezni pred njo povzročala tudi posledice na duševnem zdravju prebivalstva. Posebej so bile ogrožene ranljive skupine prebivalstva, kot so ljudje z duševnimi motnjami, migranti in neposredno izpostavljeni stresnim okoliščinam v času epidemije. Dolgotrajna osamitev ali karantena lahko poveča simptome anksioznosti, depresije in samomorilnost. Primeri, ki jih predstavljamo, so povezani, čeprav jih gotovo ni enostavno povzročila zdravstvena kriza med epidemijo covida-19. Zato je torej treba v času krize covida-19 in po njej, kot tudi v času drugih naravnih katastrof, oblikovati smernice za delo na področju duševnega zdravja najbolj ranljivih in izpostavljenih skupin, predvsem na področju preprečenja samomorilnosti. Gre za krizno ukrepanje, ki zahteva široko mobilizacijo služb in strokovnjakov.
Narrativité et jeu clownesque en service de soins palliatifs pour adultes
Authors: Landry Marie-Pier , Vinit Florence , Azri Mehdi , LeBlanc Julie-Anne
Published: November 2020

Fruit d’un projet pilote d’un an en milieu de soins palliatifs pour adultes au Québec, cet article explore le thème de la transmission subjective qui peut avoir lieu par l’intermédiaire du jeu pour une personne en fin de vie. Des vignettes cliniques tirées du journal de bord des artistes clowns accompagnant des patientes et patients en fin de vie sont utilisées pour décrire leur expérience de la relation avec les patients ainsi que les formes de narrativité à l’oeuvre dans le contexte spécifique d’une visite clownesque en soins palliatifs. En quoi la visite du clown thérapeutique permet-elle le partage de réflexions existentielles, de craintes, d’apprentissages et de dimensions de l’identité propre de la personne? Ce qui se raconte et se transmet en présence du duo clownesque semble renouveler les manières d’entrer en relation en autorisant l’humour, parfois le rire, mais surtout la transposition par la métaphore de thèmes importants pour la patiente ou le patient et ses proches.
Deux conditions et deux mécanismes pédagogiques favorables à la réflexion conduisant à des mobilisations et changements : étude du cas d’un cours universitaire en éducation relative à l’environnement
Authors: Boelen Virginie , Chaubet Philippe
Published: November 2020

Dans un monde en crise environnementale, quelles conditions et quels mécanismes mis en place dans un cours universitaire permettent de stimuler la réflexion chez l’étudiant de façon à modifier sa manière de voir le monde et d’engager son pouvoir d’action? Quand l’avenir de l’espèce humaine et de son écosystème est en jeu, comment favoriser l’engagement écocitoyen? Ces questions sont considérées dans un cours universitaire d’éducation relative à l’environnement (ERE) destiné à éveiller les consciences et à susciter l’action réfléchie. Nous analysons un cas : les effets d’un cours spécifique d’une université du Québec. La méthode utilisée pour répondre au questionnement est l’ingénierie inverse appliquée à la réflexion. Elle reconstruit à rebours les conditions qui ont su stimuler la réflexion sur la pratique chez l’étudiant, conditions qui semblent avoir joué un rôle clé dans de nouvelles façons d’appréhender l’ERE et de vouloir y agir. Une comparaison des résultats de cette étude avec ceux obtenus dans le cadre d’autres formations universitaires, puis avec la littérature spécialisée dans le domaine des pratiques réflexives permet d’en valider la pertinence ainsi que celle de l’approche méthodologique innovante de l’ingénierie inverse de cours universitaires. L’article, enfin, rend compte de pédagogies universitaires favorables à la réflexion en tant que source de mobilisation et d’engagement, et contributrices au développement de compétences dans l’enseignement supérieur.
Les influences culturelles à l’ère des réseaux sociaux numériques1
Authors: Lapointe Marie-Claude , Luckerhoff Jason , Prévost Anne-Sophie
Published: November 2020

Nous savons que les pairs, les institutions culturelles et scolaires, les médias, les réseaux sociaux et la famille sont des agents d’influence dans la socialisation des jeunes. L’influence familiale est considérée comme prépondérante, peu importe la génération. L’influence des enseignants semble toutefois en recul. Nous avons voulu mieux comprendre en quoi les médias sociaux et les influenceurs ont un rôle et des effets sur les pratiques, les consommations et les goûts culturels des jeunes Québécois. Dans le cadre d’une démarche qualitative et inductive, nous avons animé cinquante-deux entretiens individuels qualitatifs auprès de jeunes Québécois et nous avons ensuite soumis nos analyses provisoires à soixante-huit autres participants dans le cadre d’entretiens de groupe. Nos analyses nous permettent de comprendre que, contrairement à ce que l’on pourrait croire, la famille joue un rôle important dans le phénomène étudié et qu’elle n’est pas vraiment remplacée par celui des nouveaux médias. En effet, les lieux de consolidation du lien social demeurent plutôt inchangés. Les influences principales sont les personnes connues (famille, amis), en face à face et par l’intermédiaire des médias sociaux. Viennent ensuite les personnes qu’on ne connaît pas, mais que l’on retrouve dans des communautés de partage d’intérêts. Les lieux de consolidation du lien social sont encore la famille et les amis dans un premier temps, et les médias, dans un second temps.
Aesthetic cognition of society: modern and postmodern representations in contemporary non-fiction
Authors: Bento Paulo Tiago
Published: November 2020

Patterns of representation in travel writing, travel guides, journalism and memoir are shown to amount to aesthetic cognition by comparison to social science analogues. Their postmodernity questions the supposed factuality of those genres. Travel writing and travel guides’s expected orientation to the present is contested by how the past is used. The patterns show operational potential for empirical testing of usual temporal boundaries of the postmodern. Finally, they are forms of modern and postmodern cognitive engagement of tourists and would-be tourists with society, complementing major theories of tourist motivation.
Preliminary Analysis of the Applicability of the GPS PPP Method in Geodynamic Studies
Authors: Pelc‑Mieczkowska Renata
Published: November 2020

GNSS station movements as an indicator of the movement of the Earth’s crust are determined by many researchers with the use of various position and trend determination methods. One of such methods is PPP method which allows the determination of a trend for the station without a correlation (direct determination of the position of each station separately). To achieve accuracy comparable with relative positioning, there is the need to use external, high‑precision data or models (e.g. precise satellite orbits and clocks, ionosphere and troposphere models, etc.) while the PPP method is applied.The main purpose of the presented research is preliminary analyses of the results of processing daily GPS observations from permanent stations with the use of the PPP method. Daily GPS observational data in RINEX format have been acquired from a total of nine selected GNSS permanent stations from the Polish ASG EUPOS and the Ukrainian UA-EUPOS/ZAKPOS systems. As external data for PPP solutions JPL products have been used. A seven‑year time series was created for each station.
Mapping of Surface Deformation and Displacement Associated with the 6.5 Magnitude Botswana Earthquake of 3 April 2017 Using DInSAR Analysis
Authors: Thomas Abraham
Published: November 2020

The DInSAR analysis was performed for mapping surface deformation and displacement associated with the 6.5 magnitude Botswana earthquake of 3 April 2017 using Sentinel‑1 data and SNAP. The analyses involved: coregistration of SAR images, interferogram formation, debursting, merging of sub‑swaths, topographic phase removal, phase filtering, phase unwrapping, orthorectification and calculation of vertical displacement for two situations (unmasked and masked with a layer of coherence ≥0.6). The vertical displacement for the unmasked situation ranged from −122 mm to +136 mm whereas in the masked layer it ranged from −84 mm to +122 mm. Negative surface deformation (subsidence) is seen in the epicentre region and eastern, north‑eastern, northern areas of the image whereas major positive surface deformations (uplift) are seen in the south‑western, western and north‑western corner part. Comparison of displacements with geology revealed that major deformation occurred in the Karoo basalts and lesser surface deformation has occurred in the Lebung Group rocks of the northern, NE and SW region. The elongated shape of deformation near the epicentre and positive vertical displacement seen towards the SW of the epicentre and negative vertical displacement seen towards NE of the epicentre reveals that the region has undergone uplifting and subsidence on either side of the area close to the epicentre (similar to faulting in a NW or SE direction). The boundaries of the uplift and subsidence regions inferred as long lineaments were digitised as faults. Comparison of the deformation with existing seismotectonic map revealed the existence of some north‑westerly faults seen in the region.
BENDING OF SANDWICH BEAMS
Authors: TU CHING-HUA  ,   清华大学
Published: November 2020

Bending of sandwich beams has been treated as a non-linear problem. The non-linearity is called forth by the distributed thrust in the compression face. The non-linear differential equations for cantilevered sandwich beams with concentrated load at end are solved by using load parameter power series. On account of the labour involved in this method, the solution has been calculated up only to terms containing the square of the load. This will be an approximation going a little beyond the usual small load range which can be covered by a linear theory. Its value is not so much that it gives a correction to linear theory, but rather that it shows the latter's range of validity. The results of the present theory show that if the fixed faces are stressed to their elastic limit, they almost always have appreciable non-linear stresses. The theoretical expressions give good experimental checks. The existence of such non-linearities clearly demonstrate that the proposed use of the experimentally determined "composite plate constants" from the linear theory will be of doubtful validity. In the face the linear bending stress of the outmost fibre at the fixed end is found always greater than the linear mean normal stress. Thus treatment of the faces as mere membrances, to simplify the bending problem of the sandwich plate, is likely to lead to large errors.
INTERNAL FRICTION PEAK ASSOCIATED WITH THE STRESSINDUCED DIFFUSION OF HYDROGEN MOLECULES IN HIGH CHROMIUM-NICKEL ALLOY STEELS
Authors: KUNG CHING-PING  , KE TING-SUI  ,   中国科学院金属研究所
Published: November 2020

Internal friction peaks associated with the presence of hydrogen in eight types of high chromium-nickel alloy steel were observed in measurements with a torsion pendulum. The optimum temperature for maximum internal friction lies between 610-640℃ for a frequency of vibration of about 1.5 cycles per second. Systematic investigations were made with specimens containing 18% of Cr and 12% of Ni. The elementary process for this internal friction peak was found to be a relaxation process, associated with an activation energy of about 46,000-50,000 calories per mole. Judging from the value of this activation energy, as well as from the behavior of the internal friction peak when the measurements were taken while the temperature was raised, lowered and kept constant, the conclusion was reached that the new internal friction peak is associated with the stress-induced micro-diffusion of hydrogen molecules in high alloy steels.Internal friction measurements were also able to disclose the temperature range in which transformations between hydrogen molecules and hydrogen atoms are taking place in 18 Cr 12 Ni alloy steel specimens for a given rate of heating and cooling. The results obtained are in agreement with those found in the literature.
CIRCULAR RING PLATE BENT WITH LARGE DEFLECTION BY UNIFORM MOMENT ALONG ONE EDGE AND CLAMPED AT ANOTHER EDGE
Authors: HUANG TSE-YEN  ,   北京地质勘探学院力学教研室
Published: November 2020

In a previous paper, it has been shown that the perturbation method is much, superior to the method of numerical integration in treating the problem of the bending with large deflection of a circular plate by uniform edge moment. Now, we extend the perturbation method successfully to the case of a circular ring plate with one edge clamped and uniform moment along another edge. As in the previous paper, all our results are presented in such a form that the direct application to design problem is possible.
ON THE TRIGGERING PROCESSES OF SCHMITT CIRCUIT AND THE ACCURACY OF SUCH CIRCUITS IN MEASURING THE AMPLITUDE OF SHORT PULSES
Authors: HSIX HSIEN-CHIEH  ,   中国科学院物理研究所
Published: November 2020

The triggering processes of some types of Schmitt circuit, have been investigated. Their switching speeds have been calculated and checked by experiments. The main results are as following:(l)The switching speed of an ordinary d. e. coupled Schmitt circuit is rather slow.(2)The use of break-away diode in the Schrnitt circuit) shortens the triggering process considerably.(8)With other conditions unchanged, the switching spaed of an a. c. coupled Schmitt circuit is 3 times faster than a d. c. coupled Schmitt circuit. Combined use of (2) and (3) will greatly increase the switching speed of the circuit,hence this circuit is particularly suited for fast counting work.The accuracy of these circuits in measuring the amplitude of short pulses is also discussed in the paper.
AN ANALYTICAL METHOD OF SOLUTION OF THE DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION OF CRYSTAL SIZES IN A VOLUME
Authors: CHENG KAI-CHIA  ,   南京大学
Published: November 2020

The distribution function of crystal sizes on a cross-sectional surface can be obtained by direct observation. By using the well-known Scheil-салIтъIков method one can deduce the volume distribution function. Their method consists chiefly in solving a system of simultaneous linear algebraic equations, in which certain approximations are adopted without explicit criterions. The present paper proposes an analytical method of solution, in which operational calculus and Laplace transform are applied. The density function thus obtained is somewhat in variance with those of Scheil and others; namely, values obtained by the previous authors appear a little lowered as compared with ours. As the present method is rigourous and the numerical computations so far performed are within criterious in accuracy, the difference may well be attributed to the errors introduced by the approximations in the old methods. This fact is fully demonstrated by a concrete example in the text.
DIAGRAMMATIC REPRESENTATION FOR STONER'S COLLECTIVE ELECTRON THEORY OF FERROMAGNETISM
Authors: HSIANG JEN-SEN  ,   中国科学院应用物理研究所
Published: November 2020

On the basis of the three premises of Stoner's collective electron theory of ferromagnetism, appropriate energy band diagrams are constructed. These diagrams vividly show the physical situation involved in Stoner's theory. With the help of diagrams, Stoner's criterion for occurrence of ferromagnetism, kθ′/ε0=ξ>2/3, and for complete magnetization, ξ≥2-1/3, can be deduced in a rather simple and straightforward way. With the help of diagrams, the transfer of electrons from d-band to s-band due to splitting of d-band in the ferromagnetic state is considered, and is estimated for nickel at 0°K to be about 1%.
THE GENERAL METHOD FOR SOLVING MAGNETIC CIRCUIT AND NON-LINEAR ELECTRIC CIRCUIT OF DIRECT CURRENT HOWEVER COMPLICATE
Authors: WANG SHIANG-YAWNG  ,   华中工学院
Published: November 2020

In this paper is suggested the general method for solving the magnetic circuit however complicate of negligible leakage flux, which was unsolved before. The general method makes direct use of the n Kirchhoff's equations of the network with n branches, and is essentially an ingenious combination of the diagrammatical method with the "cut-and-try" method, the latter being so schemed as to yield the correct results quickly with some auxilliary curve plottings. The article deals with the theorems and procedure of solution of the network in detail.As the non-linear element in an electric circuit is analogous to a branch of the magnetic circuit, the general method suggested can bs adopted equally well to solve the complicated non-linear electric circuit containing any number of non-linear elements, which can be hardly solved by any other known method even with the aid of Thevenin theorem and other theorems of transformation of electric networks.
A STUDY OF Λ0 AND θ0 PARTICLES PRODUCED IN Pb AND Al
Authors: Lü MIN  , CHENG JEN-CHI  , LI HO-NIAN  ,   中国科学院原子能研究所
Published: November 2020

Two experiments on V0 particles were carried out with a multiplate cloud chamber during 1955-1957. A total of 550 V0 particles have been found. 67 ∧0 and 44 θ0 particles are classified according the a-∈ method. Of them 58 ∧0 and 38 θ0 were produced in Pb, 9 ∧0 and 6 θ0 were produced in Al. The following results have been obtained: (1) The decay angle in the center of mass system, of ∧0 or θ0 is uniformly distributed. The correlation angle between the production plane and the decay plane is distributed also uniformly. No information can be obtained that the spin of the V0particles are larger than 1/2. (2) No asymmetry of angular dis-tribution is seen thus showing nonconservation of parity for the decays of the ∧0 particles produced in Pb. For ∧0 produced in Al some indication of asymmetry is noted. (3) The hyperon tends to go backward in the associated production process from the consideration of the momentum spectrum, and production angular distribution. (4) The following lifetimes are obtained: τ(Λ0)=(3.39-0.440.63)×10-10 sec,τ(θ0)=(0.86-0.160.26)×10-10 sec. (5) N(∧0):N(θ0)=1.4. (6) The total cross section for strange particle production is estimated to be of the order of 0.8 mb/nucleon, both for Pb and Al. (7) The Pb nucleus is more effective than the Al nucleus for producing a V0 particle, when we consider the percentage of the V0 with respect to the total number of secondary particles.
THE DETERMINATION OF IMPURITIES CONTAINED IN PURE ANTIMONY BY QUANTITATIVE SPECTRAL ANALYSIS
Authors:   复旦大学物理系
Published: November 2020

A quantitative spectral method is usod to determino the various impurities contained in the 99.99% pure antimony. The antimony metal is ground to powder form as sample. A cortain amount of chemical salt, one of its component is the impurity element to be determined, in the form of powder is added to the sample, to secure a series of standards by several times of dilution. All the samples and standards are placed in the respective craters drilled on carbon rods. Each sample is photographed for five times by a Zeiss Qu-24 medium size quartz spec-trograph in same spectral plate. The result is obtained by linear interpolation method. The interrupted arc with longest interrupted time and exposure time is found to be a suitable source.Several impurities, including Ca, Si, Mg, Cu Fe, Al and Pb are analysed successfully at sensitivities from 10-5 to 10-6. The experimental error is only estimated about 30-
ON THE BINDING ENERGIES OF THE ATOMIC NUCLEI 2H, 3H, 3He and 4He——PART Ⅱ.
Authors: KING SING-NAN  , CHANG CHI-HENG  , H. W. PENG  ,   中国科学院近代物理研究所
Published: November 2020

It is shown that the discrepancy between the experimental values for the binding energies of 3H and 4He and the calculated values based on the Mφller-Rosenfeld nuclear potential with a meson mass of 286 electron mass cannot be removed by further refinement in the choice of the form of the wave functions.
PHENOMENOLOGICAL THEORIES OF BULK VISCOSITY
Authors: HOFF LU  ,   国立浙江大学物理学系
Published: November 2020

A relaxational bulk visco-elastic theory is formulated, leading to an equation recently assumed by Hall. A derivation is given of an expression for the coefficient of sound attenuation resulting from both shearing and bulk viscosities. The result is compared with classical hydrodynamics generalized in a manner similar to that given by Tisza.
The Impact of Innovation in the Satellite Industry on the Telecommunications Services Market
Authors: Terziev Krasimir , Karastoyanov Dimitar
Published: November 2020

The article analyses the role of the satellites in global communications. Different types of orbits and different types of satellites are described. The commercial start of low and medium orbit satellites is considered. The integration of some Low Earth Orbit (LEO) projects with Teleports is commented. Some significant LEO/MEO (Medium Earth Orbit) projects are cited. The impact of the satellite industry and the Teleport systems on the technological ecosystem is discussed. LEO satellites for monitoring the earth's surface are presented. Keywords: LEO, Orbit, Satellite, Teleport.