bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Home-based high tone therapy may alleviate chemotherapy-induced neuropathic symptoms in patients with colorectal cancer: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled pilot evaluation
Authors: Wakolbinger-Habel Robert , Reinweber Matthias , Alakraa Mahmoud , Riener Ingrid , Scheffold Brigitte Elisabeth , Racz Krisztina , Selimi Flonza , Straub Claudia , Jauker Jakob , Bily Walter , Niedersüß-Beke Dora , Mayrhofer Karl , Paternostro-Sluga Tatjana
Published: January 2024

Background

Most oncologic patients receiving chemotherapy suffer from neuropathy, which not only severely affects quality of life but also may lead to chemotherapy dose reductions or even discontinuation of cancer therapy. Still, it is difficult to sufficiently control these symptoms with the currently available pharmacological treatments. High tone therapy was reported to be an effective option for neuropathies due to different etiologies. However, to date, there are no studies on high tone therapy in patients with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.

Methods

This randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled two-center study was conducted at the Departments of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine at the Clinics Donaustadt and Ottakring, Vienna, Austria. Patients with histologically verified colorectal carcinoma treated with a platin derivate and neuropathic symptoms were invited to participate. High tone therapy took place in a home-based setting using the HiToP 191 PNP ® or placebo device for three weeks. Neuropathic symptoms and quality of life were assessed via questionnaires. After the follow-up examination, an opt-in was offered to the patients in the placebo group in terms of an open-label treatment with a verum HiToP PNP ® device.

In addition, patients with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy due to various malignant diseases were treated in an open-label setting reflecting a clinical application observation. These patients are reported as a separate group.

Results

In the verum group, there was a significant reduction of paresthesias and mental stress due to paresthesias from baseline until end of therapy, compared to placebo. These findings were observed in the opt-in subgroup, as well. In the open-label clinical application observation group, intensity and mental stress due to paresthesia, pain, cramps, and intensity of tightness/pressure were significantly lower at the end of therapy, compared to baseline.

Conclusions

Home-based high tone therapy brought about a significant alleviation in paresthesias and mental stress due to paresthesias in the verum but not the placebo group. In the clinical application observation, a significant alleviation in several further neuropathic symptoms was seen.

Trial registration

This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT06048471, 03/02/2020).
Anterior approach for a stab wound with penetrating rebar injury causing incomplete cauda equina syndrome in lumbosacral spine lesion: a case report and literature review
Authors: Ko Jong-Hyun , Chong Seong-Woo , Nguyen Vinh-Lac , Ham Dong-Hun
Published: January 2024

Purpose

To report a unique case of incomplete CES following a rebar penetrating injury in perineal region with retro-pulsed fragment, which was treated with anterior approach and discuss suitable surgical approach.

Methods

Incomplete cauda equina syndrome caused by non-missile penetrating injury is extremely rare. A 26-year-old male patient presented incomplete cauda equina syndrome due to a penetrating rebar wound from his perineal region to the lumbosacral spine. Computed tomography demonstrated a bony fragment broken from S1 body compressing into the spinal canal.

Results

By anterior approach, we performed partial corpectomy of L5, decompression by retrieving the bony fragment and L5-S1 interbody fusion. The patient had a significant recovery, and no clinical complication was found after over 2-year follow-up.

Conclusion

It is challenging to determine the optimal strategy of surgical treatment for penetrating spinal injuries with retained foreign bodies, here we suggest an anterior approach situation that has the advantage of being able to effectively perform decompression and prevent iatrogenic damages of thecal sac and nerve rootlets.
Validation of the Italian version of the Parkinson’s Disease- Cognitive Functional Rating Scale
Authors: Garon Michela , Weis Luca , Siquier Antònia , Fiorenzato Eleonora , Pistonesi Francesca , Cianci Valeria , Canesi Margherita , Pesce Francesca , Reali Elisa , Pozzi Beatrice , Isaias Ioannis Ugo , Siri Chiara , Santangelo Gabriella , Cuoco Sofia , Barone Paolo , Kulisevsky Jaime , Antonini Angelo , Biundo Roberta
Published: January 2024

A key distinguishing factor between mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia in Parkinson’s disease (PD) lies in the notable decrease in functioning due to cognitive impairment. The Parkinson’s Disease-Cognitive Functional Rating Scale (PD-CRFS) was developed to assess functional limitations caused by cognitive impairment, while reducing the influence of motor impairment. The aim of this multicenter study was to (i) validate the Italian version of the PD-CFRS in PD, (ii) determine optimal cut-off scores for detecting MCI and dementia in PD, (iii) compare its performances with the most established functional assessment tool (IADL). Six hundred and sixty nine PD participants were recruited from 4 Italian Movement Disorders centers (Venice, Milan, Gravedona, and Salerno). They underwent Level-II cognitive evaluation, which resulted in 282 PD-NC, 310 PD-MCI, and 77 PDD. The PD-CFRS’s psychometric and clinimetric properties, applicability, and responsiveness were analyzed. The PD-CFRS showed high acceptability. Floor and ceiling effects were acceptable. It also displayed strong internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.738), and test–retest reliability (ICC = .854). The PD-CFRS demonstrated higher coefficient of variation to detect dysfunction in PD-MCI patients in comparison to the IADL scale (PD-CFRS 96% vs IADL 22.5%). Convergent validity with the IADL was r = − 0.638 and − 0.527 in males and females, respectively. PD-CFRS total score negatively correlated with global cognition (MoCA corrected score r = − 0.61; p < 0.001). A cut-off score > 6.5 identified PDD with a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 88% (AUC = .959). A cut-off value of > 1 detected PD-MCI with a sensitivity of 68% and specificity of 69% (AUC = .695). The Italian version of the PD-CFRS demonstrated to be an easy, valid and reliable tool that properly captures functional impairment due to cognitive decline in PD. It also proved to be particularly effective in the advanced stages of PD, and would be a useful support for the diagnosis of PD-MCI and PDD.
Understanding the integration of accessibility requirements in the development process of information systems: a systematic literature review
Authors: Teixeira Pedro , Eusébio Celeste , Teixeira Leonor
Published: January 2024

People with disabilities (PwD) are frequently excluded from certain activities due to the lack of accessible information. In this area, information systems can help PwD by allowing access to a range of information about the accessibility of spaces, facilities, and products. There has been an increase in technologies that promote accessibility, but there are few literature studies which analyse how these technologies were developed to ensure access for all. To address this gap, this study aims to explore the integration of accessibility requirements in the processes of developing information systems. To achieve this aim, a systematic literature review was conducted using the PRISMA reporting guidelines. To conduct the review, a search was carried out for primary studies in four well-established databases—SCOPUS, Web of Science, IEEE, and ACM. A snowball search to find additional studies was also performed. Based on this, 34 papers were obtained to conduct the study. In general, the studies published on this topic are relatively recent, with healthcare and education being the two major areas where accessibility in information systems is most addressed. The integration of accessibility seems to be primarily applied during the requirement assessment and testing phases, involving potential users in the process. The results obtained within this systematic literature review raise awareness about the integration of accessibility for the success of solutions, which are oriented towards the accessible market. Additionally, the different practical and theoretical contributions can help future practitioners and technology developers establish guidelines that promote the integration of accessibility, thus achieving a more accessible and inclusive society.
mRNA vaccine boosters and impaired immune system response in immune compromised individuals: a narrative review
Authors: Boretti Alberto
Published: January 2024

Over the last 24 months, there has been growing evidence of a correlation between mRNA COVID-19 vaccine boosters and increased prevalence of COVID-19 infection and other pathologies. Recent works have added possible causation to correlation. mRNA vaccine boosters may impair immune system response in immune compromised individuals. Multiple doses of the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines may result in much higher levels of IgG 4 antibodies, or also impaired activation of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells. The opportunity for mRNA vaccine boosters to impair the immune system response needs careful consideration, as this impacts the cost-to-benefit ratio of the boosters’ practice.
Early T-cell reconstitution predicts risk of EBV reactivation after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Huang Jingtao , Pan Zengkai , Wang Luxiang , Zhang Zilu , Huang Jiayu , Jiang Chuanhe , Cai Gang , Yin Tong
Published: January 2024

The quality of immune reconstitution (IR) is crucial for the outcome of patients who received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), and is closely connected with infection, relapse and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) which are the most important causes for transplantation failure. However, the IR pattern in the early stage after allo-HSCT, particularly haploidentical (HID) HSCT, remains unclear. In this retrospective study, we examined the T cell reconstitution of patients within the initial 30 days (n = 173) and 100 days (n = 122) after allo-HSCT with myeloablative condition (MAC), of which > 70% were HID HSCT, to assess the influence of IR on the transplant outcomes. By comparing 78 patients with good IR (GIR) to 44 patients with poor IR (PIR), we observed that GIR was associated with lower risk for Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) reactivation and cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation, but had no significant impacts on the survival outcomes (i.e., overall survival, event-free survival) and cumulative incidences of GvHD. Importantly, we found lymphocyte reconstitution pattern at day 30 after allo-HSCT would be a surrogate for IR evaluated at day 100. In the Cox proportional hazard model, early reconstitution of CD4+, CD4+CD25+, CD4+CD45RO+, CD4+CD25+CD27low, and CD8+ T cells at day 30 was reversely correlated with risk of EBV reactivation. Finally, we constructed a predictive model for EBV reactivation with CD8+ and CD4+CD45RO+ T cell proportions of the training cohort (n = 102), which was validated with a validation cohort (n = 37). In summary, our study found that the quality of IR at day 30 had a predictive value for the risk of EBV reactivation, and might provide guidance for close monitoring for EBV reactivation.
WNT/β-catenin regulatory roles on PD-(L)1 and immunotherapy responses
Authors: Mortezaee Keywan
Published: January 2024

Dysregulation of WNT/β-catenin is a hallmark of many cancer types and a key mediator of metastasis in solid tumors. Overactive β-catenin signaling hampers dendritic cell (DC) recruitment, promotes CD8+ T cell exclusion and increases the population of regulatory T cells (Tregs). The activity of WNT/β-catenin also induces the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on tumor cells and promotes programmed death-1 (PD-1) upregulation. Increased activity of WNT/β-catenin signaling after anti-PD-1 therapy is indicative of a possible implication of this signaling in bypassing immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. This review is aimed at giving a comprehensive overview of the WNT/β-catenin regulatory roles on PD-1/PD-L1 axis in tumor immune ecosystem, discussing about key mechanistic events contributed to the WNT/β-catenin-mediated bypass of ICI therapy, and representing inhibitors of this signaling as promising combinatory regimen to go with anti-PD-(L)1 in cancer immunotherapy. Ideas presented in this review imply the synergistic efficacy of such combination therapy in rendering durable anti-tumor immunity.
The association between hepatic viral infections and cancers: a cross-sectional study in the Taiwan adult population
Authors: Maliko Moreen , Su Fu-Hsiung , Kamiza Abram Bunya , Su Ming-Jang , Yeh Chih-Ching
Published: January 2024

Background

Hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) viruses are diseases of global public health concern and are associated with liver cancer. Recent studies have revealed associations between hepatic viral infections and extrahepatic cancers. This study aimed to explore the associations between hepatitis B and C viruses and cancer at baseline in the Taiwan Biobank database while controlling for a wide range of confounding variables.

Methods

In a cross-sectional study of adults aged > 20 years, we compared the distribution of demographic factors, lifestyle, and comorbidities between viral and nonviral hepatic groups using the chi-square test. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to observe the associations between hepatitis B and C viral infections and cancers by estimating the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Multivariate regression analysis was adjusted for sociodemographic factors, lifestyle, and comorbidities.

Results

From the database, 2955 participants were identified as having HCV infection, 15,305 as having HBV infection, and 140,108 as the nonviral group. HBV infection was associated with an increased likelihood of liver cancer (adjusted OR (aOR) = 6.60, 95% CI = 3.21–13.57, P < 0.001) and ovarian cancer (aOR = 4.63, 95% CI = 1.98–10.83, P = 0.001). HCV infection was observed to increase the likelihood of liver cancer (aOR = 4.90, 95% CI = 1.37–17.53, P = 0.015), ovarian cancer (aOR = 8.50, 95% CI = 1.78–40.69, P = 0.007), and kidney cancer (aOR = 12.89, 95% CI = 2.41–69.01, P = 0.003).

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that hepatic viral infections are associated with intra- and extrahepatic cancers. However, being cross-sectional, causal inferences cannot be made. A recall-by-genotype study is recommended to further investigate the causality of these associations.
A survey on training challenges in generative adversarial networks for biomedical image analysis
Authors: Saad Muhammad Muneeb , O’Reilly Ruairi , Rehmani Mubashir Husain
Published: January 2024

In biomedical image analysis, the applicability of deep learning methods is directly impacted by the quantity of image data available. This is due to deep learning models requiring large image datasets to provide high-level performance. Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have been widely utilized to address data limitations through the generation of synthetic biomedical images. GANs consist of two models. The generator, a model that learns how to produce synthetic images based on the feedback it receives. The discriminator, a model that classifies an image as synthetic or real and provides feedback to the generator. Throughout the training process, a GAN can experience several technical challenges that impede the generation of suitable synthetic imagery. First, the mode collapse problem whereby the generator either produces an identical image or produces a uniform image from distinct input features. Second, the non-convergence problem whereby the gradient descent optimizer fails to reach a Nash equilibrium. Thirdly, the vanishing gradient problem whereby unstable training behavior occurs due to the discriminator achieving optimal classification performance resulting in no meaningful feedback being provided to the generator. These problems result in the production of synthetic imagery that is blurry, unrealistic, and less diverse. To date, there has been no survey article outlining the impact of these technical challenges in the context of the biomedical imagery domain. This work presents a review and taxonomy based on solutions to the training problems of GANs in the biomedical imaging domain. This survey highlights important challenges and outlines future research directions about the training of GANs in the domain of biomedical imagery.
Mental Disorders Among Mothers in Contact with the Criminal Justice System: A Scoping Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Sapkota Diksha , Dennison Susan , Thompson Carleen
Published: January 2024

This scoping review critically assessed evidence regarding mental disorders among mothers involved with the criminal justice system (CJS) and provided pooled prevalence rates of mental disorders. In total, 27 studies were included in the review, with 23 studies from the United States of America and 26 focused on incarcerated mothers. The findings supported the evidence on substantial burden of mental disorders, among CJS-involved mothers. Several factors contributing to mental disorders were identified, including history of abuse/incarceration/mental illness, a greater number of pregnancies, child-rearing responsibilities, less contact with children, and poor social support, which were organised using a socioecological model. However, significant gaps in the current evidence base were apparent, including inconsistencies in methodologies and outcomes assessed and a lack of large, longitudinal studies. The study highlights the importance of high-quality longitudinal research to extend knowledge around causal pathways between different risk or protective factors and mental disorders among CJS-involved mothers.
Economic performance and carbon emissions: revisiting the role of tourism and energy efficiency for BRICS economies
Authors: Alfaisal Adnan , Xia Tongshui , Kafeel Kafeel , Khan Sher
Published: January 2024

Increased demands for infrastructure, water, electricity, and different natural assets have triggered land erosion, climate change, and pollution increase and deterioration in biodiversity. The purpose of this research is to look at how economic performance, tourism, renewable energy, and energy efficiency affect carbon emissions in the emerging economies of BRICS during 1990–2021. Using panel estimation approaches, the empirical outcomes validate the longer-run equilibrium connection between the components of the model. Using a nonparametric estimator, the study found that economic performance is the significant driver of higher emissions levels in the sample countries. In contrast, tourism, energy efficiency, and renewable energy substantially reduce emissions levels and improve environmental sustainability. The estimated results have been found robust, and the feedback effect is found valid between repressors and carbon emissions. This study further suggests that investment in research and development, improvement in energy-efficient tools and equipment utilization, and enhanced renewable energy output are the key policy efforts for ensuring environmental sustainability.
Factors influencing farm succession decisions: evidence from coffee farmers of Colombia
Authors: Bavorová Miroslava , Ullah Ayat , Garcia Yessika Alejandra , Cavicchioli Daniele
Published: January 2024

In Colombia and other South American countries, government programs have been implemented to improve the livelihoods of coffee farmers. However, the rate of farm succession remains low and the age of farmers continues to increase. Household surveys and focus group discussions were conducted in the community of Chaparral, Tolima Department, Colombia, to examine the socio-economic and institutional factors that influence family farm succession in the context of these cooperative programs. The study findings suggest that coffee income, parental motivation, secure land tenure, membership in farmer associations, and access to coffee labor have a significant and positive impact on farm succession. To enhance farm succession processes and boost farmers' incomes in the region, it is recommended to strengthen farmer associations and establish secure land tenure policies.
A wild barley nested association mapping population shows a wide variation for yield-associated traits to be used for breeding in Australian environment
Authors: Pham Anh-Tung , Maurer Andreas , Pillen Klaus , Nguyen Trung Dzung , Taylor Julian , Coventry Stewart , Eglinton Jason K. , March Timothy J.
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to identify wild barley alleles controlling grain size and weight with the potential to improve barley yield in Australia and worldwide. The HEB-25 nested association mapping population was used, which samples 25 different wild barley accessions in a ‘Barke’ genetic background. The HEB-25 population was evaluated in field conditions at Strathalbyn in South Australia in 2015 and 2016. Seven yield component traits reflecting ear length, grain number per ear and grain dimension were measured. Among 114 quantitative trait loci (QTL) identified for the seven traits in both years, many co-localise with known genes controlling flowering and spike morphology. There were 18 QTL hotspots associated with four loci or more, of which one at the beginning of chromosome 5H had wild alleles that increased both grain number per ear and thousand-grain weight. A wide range of effects was found for wild alleles for each trait across all QTL identified, providing a rich source of genetic diversity that barley breeders can exploit to enhance barley yield.
Investigation of genetic diversity among autochthonous grape cultivars grown in Türkiye using molecular primers
Authors: Sümbül Ahmet , Yildiz Ercan , Sabir Ali , Nadeem Muhammad Azhar
Published: January 2024

Grape is a type of fruit widely grown globally and in Türkiye thanks to its importance in human nutrition and diversity of usage areas. Türkiye has a long history of grape cultivation, and the genetic diversity of local grapes grown in some regions has still not been revealed. This study showed the genetic diversity between 60 local grape genotypes selected from north Central Anatolia and nine reference grape cultivars;10 inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) and 7 inter-primer binding site (IPBS) retrotransposon primers were used. The mean values of genetic diversity indices in ISSR and IPBS retrotransposon primers were calculated as expected allelic frequency (p) 0.476/0.195, observed allelic frequency (q) 0.524/0.805, number of effective alleles (Ne) 1.326/1.378, Shannon’s information index (I) 0.308/0.367, expected heterozygosity (He) 0.199/0.232 and unbiased expected heterozygosity (uHe) 0.201/0.234, respectively. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) and model-based STRUCTURE analysis divided the studied germplasm into two groups. However, local genotypes were not grouped per the regions where they grew. As a result of the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) analysis, the inter-population variation was determined to be 11%, and the intra-population variation was determined to be 89%. The mean genetic differentiation value (Fst) between populations was 0.303. The results showed that ISSR and IPBS retrotransposon primers effectively explained the genetic diversity.
Electrical properties of Lithium silicate-based glasses and their Glass-ceramics
Authors: Hamzawy Esmat M. A. , El-Bassyouni Gehan T. , Azooz Moenis A. , Turky Gamal M.
Published: January 2024

Crystallization of lithium di- and meta-silicates were developed in the SiO2–Li2O–TiO2 glass system. Inclusion of TiO2 relatively reduced the crystallization temperature. Through the sintering process at 650 °C/2 h, lithium disilicate was devolved in the TiO2-free sample, whereas the incorporation of TiO2 catalyzed the appearance of lithium metasilicate phases. The microstructure of lithium disilicate glass-ceramics was studied using differential thermal analysis (DTA), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). At 650 °C/2 h, the microstructure consists of spherulitic growths with reasonably sorted nanosize particles in a glassy groundmass. The electrical characteristics of lithium silicate glasses and glass-ceramics having variable concentrations of TiO2 were tested in order to explore their electronic hopping process. To clarify the effects of composition and sintering on the electrical and dielectric behavior of glasses based on lithium silicate, a Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS) was employed. While the matching-sintered glass-ceramic exhibits like an insulator with interfacial polarization that significantly lowers the density number of free ions, bulk glass nevertheless demonstrate high conductivity. Lithium oxide considerably increases the conductivity of the composite instead of titanium oxide.
Flow affects the structural and mechanical properties of the fibrin network in plasma clots
Authors: Eyisoylu Hande , Hazekamp Emma D. , Cruts Janneke , Koenderink Gijsje H. , de Maat Moniek P. M.
Published: January 2024

The fibrin network is one of the main components of thrombi. Altered fibrin network properties are known to influence the development and progression of thrombotic disorders, at least partly through effects on the mechanical stability of fibrin. Most studies investigating the role of fibrin in thrombus properties prepare clots under static conditions, missing the influence of blood flow which is present in vivo. In this study, plasma clots in the presence and absence of flow were prepared inside a Chandler loop. Recitrated plasma from healthy donors were spun at 0 and 30 RPM. The clot structure was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy and correlated with the stiffness measured by unconfined compression testing. We quantified fibrin fiber density, pore size, and fiber thickness and bulk stiffness at low and high strain values. Clots formed under flow had thinner fibrin fibers, smaller pores, and a denser fibrin network with higher stiffness values compared to clots formed in absence of flow. Our findings indicate that fluid flow is an essential factor to consider when developing physiologically relevant in vitro thrombus models used in researching thrombectomy outcomes or risk of embolization.

Graphical Abstract
Development and Evaluation of Biodegradable Core-Shell Microfibrous and Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Mitropoulou Athina , Markatos Dionysios N. , Dimopoulos Andreas , Marazioti Antonia , Mikelis Constantinos-Marios , Mavrilas Dimosthenis
Published: January 2024

Tissue engineering scaffolds as three-dimensional substrates may serve as ideal templates for tissue regeneration by simulating the structure of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Many biodegradable synthetic polymers, either hydrophobic, like Poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL), or hydrophilic, like Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) (PVA), are widely used as candidate bioactive materials for fabricating tissue engineering scaffolds. However, a combination of good cytocompatibility of hydrophilic polymers with good biomechanical performance of hydrophobic polymers could be beneficial for the in vivo performance of the scaffolds. In this study, we aimed to fabricate biodegradable fibrous scaffolds by combining the properties of hydrophobic PCL with those of hydrophilic PVA and evaluate their properties in comparison with pristine PCL scaffolds. Therefore, single-layered PCL scaffolds, sequential tri-layered (PVA/PCL/PVA), and core-shell (PVA as shell and PCL as core) composite scaffolds were developed utilizing the electrospinning technique. The material structural and biomechanical properties of the electrospun scaffolds, before and after their hydrolytic degradation over a seven-month period following storage in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 37 °C, were comprehensively compared. In addition, human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293) were cultured on the scaffolds to investigate potential cell attachment, infiltration, and proliferation. The results demonstrated the long-term efficacy of core-shell biodegradable fibrous scaffolds in comparison to single-layers PCL and tri-layers PVA/PCL/PVA, not only due to its superior morphological characteristics and mechanical properties, but also due to its ability to promote homogeneous cell distribution and proliferation, without any external chemical or physical stimuli.

Graphical Abstract
Cross-Component Energy Transfer in Superfluid Helium-4
Authors: Stasiak Piotr Z. , Baggaley Andrew W. , Krstulovic Giorgio , Barenghi Carlo F. , Galantucci Luca
Published: January 2024

The reciprocal energy and enstrophy transfers between normal fluid and superfluid components dictate the overall dynamics of superfluid 4He including the generation, evolution and coupling of coherent structures, the distribution of energy among lengthscales, and the decay of turbulence. To better understand the essential ingredients of this interaction, we employ a numerical two-way model which self-consistently accounts for the back-reaction of the superfluid vortex lines onto the normal fluid. Here we focus on a prototypical laminar (non-turbulent) vortex configuration which is simple enough to clearly relate the geometry of the vortex line to energy injection and dissipation to/from the normal fluid: a Kelvin wave excitation on two vortex anti-vortex pairs evolving in (a) an initially quiescent normal fluid, and (b) an imposed counterflow. In (a), the superfluid injects energy and vorticity in the normal fluid. In (b), the superfluid gains energy from the normal fluid via the Donnelly–Glaberson instability.
NDE of Concrete Strength and Elasticity Modulus Based on Jerk Measurement
Authors: Geriesh Mostafa M. , Fath El-Bab Ahmed M. R. , Mohamadien Hassan A. , Hassan Mohsen A.
Published: January 2024

The quality assessment of concrete material for new or existing buildings is critical to civil and structural engineers. In this scope, the development of nondestructive testing methods (NDT) has received significant attention and becomes essential for enhancing the on-site assessment of concrete performance. The Schmidt hammer (SH) test is one of the most widely used NDT for quantifying concrete strength. However, the reliability of this test and its accuracy are questioned by many researchers. In this study, the measurement quality of SH has been improved by attaching a developed cantilever-based jerk sensor to the SH mass. The theoretical model of the proposed measurement technique has been formulated and discussed. The experimental approach, jerk sensor design, SH body modification, electronic reading unit, testing, and construction of the calibration curves have been presented. Experimental results revealed that the accuracy of the developed SH has increased by 13% for concrete strength measurement, and the correlation coefficient of the strength calibration curve is 0.94. At the same time, the calibration curve of the concrete elasticity modulus showed a 0.93 correlation coefficient with 92% measurement accuracy. Analytical and experimental results have confirmed the applicability of the modified Schmidt hammer since it is reliable and more accurate compared to the traditional Schmidt Hammer.
Valorising Cassava Peel Waste Into Plasticized Polyhydroxyalkanoates Blended with Polycaprolactone with Controllable Thermal and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Martinaud Emma , Hierro-Iglesias Carmen , Hammerton James , Hadad Bawan , Evans Rob , Sacharczuk Jakub , Lester Daniel , Derry Matthew J. , Topham Paul D. , Fernandez-Castane Alfred
Published: January 2024

Approximately 99% of plastics produced worldwide were produced by the petrochemical industry in 2019 and it is predicted that plastic consumption may double between 2023 and 2050. The use of biodegradable bioplastics represents an alternative solution to petroleum-based plastics. However, the production cost of biopolymers hinders their real-world use. The use of waste biomass as a primary carbon source for biopolymers may enable a cost-effective production of bioplastics whilst providing a solution to waste management towards a carbon–neutral and circular plastics economy. Here, we report for the first time the production of poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) with a controlled molar ratio of 2:1 3-hydroxybutyrate:3-hydroxvalerate (3HB:3HV) through an integrated pre-treatment and fermentation process followed by alkaline digestion of cassava peel waste, a renewable low-cost substrate, through Cupriavidus necator biotransformation. PHBV was subsequently melt blended with a biodegradable polymer, polycaprolactone (PCL), whereby the 30:70 (mol%) PHBV:PCL blend exhibited an excellent balance of mechanical properties and higher degradation temperatures than PHBV alone, thus providing enhanced stability and controllable properties. This work represents a potential environmental solution to waste management that can benefit cassava processing industries (or other crop processing industries) whilst developing new bioplastic materials that can be applied, for example, to packaging and biomedical engineering.

Graphical Abstract
A discrete adjoint gradient approach for equality and inequality constraints in dynamics
Authors: Lichtenecker Daniel , Nachbagauer Karin
Published: January 2024

The optimization of multibody systems requires accurate and efficient methods for sensitivity analysis. The adjoint method is probably the most efficient way to analyze sensitivities, especially for optimization problems with numerous optimization variables. This paper discusses sensitivity analysis for dynamic systems in gradient-based optimization problems. A discrete adjoint gradient approach is presented to compute sensitivities of equality and inequality constraints in dynamic simulations. The constraints are combined with the dynamic system equations, and the sensitivities are computed straightforwardly by solving discrete adjoint algebraic equations. The computation of these discrete adjoint gradients can be easily adapted to deal with different time integrators. This paper demonstrates discrete adjoint gradients for two different time-integration schemes and highlights efficiency and easy applicability. The proposed approach is particularly suitable for problems involving large-scale models or high-dimensional optimization spaces, where the computational effort of computing gradients by finite differences can be enormous. Three examples are investigated to validate the proposed discrete adjoint gradient approach. The sensitivity analysis of an academic example discusses the role of discrete adjoint variables. The energy optimal control problem of a nonlinear spring pendulum is analyzed to discuss the efficiency of the proposed approach. In addition, a flexible multibody system is investigated in a combined optimal control and design optimization problem. The combined optimization provides the best possible mechanical structure regarding an optimal control problem within one optimization.
Is There a Bias Towards Males in the Diagnosis of Autism? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cruz Sara , Zubizarreta Sabela Conde-Pumpido , Costa Ana Daniela , Araújo Rita , Martinho Júlia , Tubío-Fungueiriño María , Sampaio Adriana , Cruz Raquel , Carracedo Angel , Fernández-Prieto Montse
Published: January 2024

Autism is more frequently diagnosed in males, with evidence suggesting that females are more likely to be misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed. Possibly, the male/female ratio imbalance relates to phenotypic and camouflaging differences between genders. Here, we performed a comprehensive approach to phenotypic and camouflaging research in autism addressed in two studies. First (Study 1 – Phenotypic Differences in Autism), we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of gender differences in autism phenotype. The electronic datasets Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsychInfo were searched. We included 67 articles that compared females and males in autism core symptoms, and in cognitive, socioemotional, and behavioural phenotypes. Autistic males exhibited more severe symptoms and social interaction difficulties on standard clinical measures than females, who, in turn, exhibited more cognitive and behavioural difficulties. Considering the hypothesis of camouflaging possibly underlying these differences, we then conducted a meta-analysis of gender differences in camouflaging (Study 2 – Camouflaging Differences in Autism). The same datasets as the first study were searched. Ten studies were included. Females used more compensation and masking camouflage strategies than males. The results support the argument of a bias in clinical procedures towards males and the importance of considering a ‘female autism phenotype’—potentially involving camouflaging—in the diagnostic process.
Review on piezoelectric actuators: materials, classifications, applications, and recent trends
Authors: Zhou Xuyang , Wu Shuang , Wang Xiaoxu , Wang Zhenshan , Zhu Qixuan , Sun Jinshuai , Huang Panfeng , Wang Xuewen , Huang Wei , Lu Qianbo
Published: January 2024

Piezoelectric actuators are a class of actuators that precisely transfer input electric energy into displacement, force, or movement outputs efficiently via inverse piezoelectric effect-based electromechanical coupling. Various types of piezoelectric actuators have sprung up and gained widespread use in various applications in terms of compelling attributes, such as high precision, flexibility of stoke, immunity to electromagnetic interference, and structural scalability. This paper systematically reviews the piezoelectric materials, operating principles, representative schemes, characteristics, and potential applications of each mainstream type of piezoelectric actuator. Herein, we intend to provide a more scientific and nuanced perspective to classify piezoelectric actuators into direct and indirect categories with several subcategories. In addition, this review outlines the pros and cons and the future development trends for all kinds of piezoelectric actuators by exploring the relations and mechanisms behind them. The rich content and detailed comparison can help build an in-depth and holistic understanding of piezoelectric actuators and pave the way for future research and the selection of practical applications.
High-speed slot-die coating of primer layers for Li-ion battery electrodes: model calculations and experimental validation of the extended coating window depending on coating speed, coating gap and viscosity
Authors: Spiegel Sandro , Hoffmann Alexander , Klemens Julian , Scharfer Philip , Schabel Wilhelm
Published: January 2024

In the battery industry, very thin primer layers are used to improve electrode adhesion on substrates or act as blocker layers to prevent corrosion in case of aqueous cathodes. For these material configurations, high-speed coating is mandatory to ensure the economic viability of the process. One way to realize high-speed coating is a set-up including a slot die and a vacuum box to stabilize the coating bead. Knowledge and prediction of the coating window of thin wet film thicknesses is crucial to design the production process. Therefore, the influence of coating gap and viscosity of shear-thinning fluids on the coating window is investigated with the help of various model fluids. In addition, a prediction model for the calculation of the coating window for high-speed slot-die coating with vacuum box is developed. This model is shown to be valid for the prediction of the coating window for the investigated material systems and coating gaps over the investigated range of coating speeds up to 500 m min−1. For a material system, which corresponds to a real material system for adhesive primer coatings, it is possible to reach a target wet film thickness of 20–25 µm. This would correspond to a layer thickness of 0.5 µm for a solid content of 2–2.5 wt%.
Historical Layers of Refugee Reception in Border Areas of Italy: Crossroads of Transit and Temporalities of (Im)mobility
Authors: degli Uberti Stefano , Altin Roberta
Published: January 2024

In border areas, time and space are constantly suspended from the usual rules along a liminal pathway transforming status and identity. In order to understand how different regimes of mobility and reception influence the experience of time and the subjective actions of both asylum seekers arriving via the so-called Balkan route and Ukrainian refugees fleeing from the war, the paper puts forward an analysis of the multiple scales of migration and reception policies as historically situated practices. How and to what extent has the increasing role of the humanitarian regime contributed to improving or worsening the lives of asylum seekers in borderland places where the memory of wars, civil conflicts, and experiences of refoulement is very much alive? Building on a multilocal ethnography of the temporalities of migrants’ reception, the paper aims at disentangling the historical layers of hospitality in the northeastern Italian border areas of Trieste and Bolzano and the intersecting forms of (im)mobility at play. By addressing “reception” as an entanglement of spatial and temporal practices carried out by migrants, institutional, and humanitarian actors, we discuss not only how time reduces the existence of asylum seekers and Ukrainian refugees to an empty and meaningless human condition by exerting control over the subjective experiences, but also how the migrants’ experience of waiting translates into an active state of being with the creative potential to trigger new forms of sociality, solidarity, and senses of belonging.
Slope stability analysis applied to the 5th section of the Northern Marmara Motorway, İzmit, Türkiye
Authors: Çakıner Müge , Bozkurtoğlu Erkan , Karakaş Ahmet
Published: January 2024

The Northern Marmara Motorway is a project that aims to alleviate the heavy traffic congestion in the provinces of İstanbul, Tekirdağ, Kocaeli and Adapazarı. Within the 5th section bounded by “the Motorway Port Connection Road” and “İzmit Intersection”, mass movements of slide (Y1, Y2) and flow (Y3) types were observed along the route. This study investigated the causes of mass movements in the Korucu Formation, which consists of sandstone and shale alternation. It also evaluated the support systems to prevent these movements. The analysis considered project criteria, both static and dynamic conditions, types of mass movements and triggering factors. The study identified a combination of factors, including the water table and surface waters, which lead to progressive weathering and mass movement. Stability analyses were conducted for specific right-cut slope sections. These analyses included assessments of soil structure, soil–rock mechanics, engineering geology and geotechnics, as well as examination of field and laboratory test results. These analyses aimed to comprehensively investigate and understand the factors influencing the occurrence of mass movements, particularly for km: 170 + 300–170 + 400, km: 170 + 640 and km: 175 + 297–175 + 463. At Y1, pile retaining walls are proposed using Slide2 software to reduce the slope angle from 22° to 17°. At Y2, a translational landslide occurred with recommendations for the adjustment of the slope angle and protective measures considering the disturbance factors (D = 0.3 and D = 0.5). Y3 was a flow-type movement that required protection of the slope with riprap due to the different geological conditions and disturbance factors. This study underlines the need for a comprehensive geological analysis and structural measures to ensure safety in these areas.
Marine natural products and human immunity: novel biomedical resources for anti-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and related cardiovascular disease
Authors: Hu Chunsong
Published: January 2024

Marine natural products (MNPs) and marine organisms include sea urchin, sea squirts or ascidians, sea cucumbers, sea snake, sponge, soft coral, marine algae, and microalgae. As vital biomedical resources for the discovery of marine drugs, bioactive molecules, and agents, these MNPs have bioactive potentials of antioxidant, anti-infection, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, anti-diabetic effects, cancer treatment, and improvement of human immunity. This article reviews the role of MNPs on anti-infection of coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 and its major variants (such as Delta and Omicron) as well as tuberculosis, H. Pylori, and HIV infection, and as promising biomedical resources for infection related cardiovascular disease (irCVD), diabetes, and cancer. The anti-inflammatory mechanisms of current MNPs against SARS-CoV-2 infection are also discussed. Since the use of other chemical agents for COVID-19 treatment are associated with some adverse effects in cardiovascular system, MNPs have more therapeutic advantages. Herein, it’s time to protect this ecosystem for better sustainable development in the new era of ocean economy. As huge, novel and promising biomedical resources for anti-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and irCVD, the novel potential mechanisms of MNPs may be through multiple targets and pathways regulating human immunity and inhibiting inflammation. In conclusion, MNPs are worthy of translational research for further clinical application.

Graphical Abstract
Sonographic detection of massive colonic pseudopolyposis in inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Mendes Sofia Silva , Lepore Federica , Hussey Mary , Cataletti Giovanni , De Silvestri Annalisa , Maconi Giovanni
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Colonic pseudopolyps are a frequent finding in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Yet there are no published data describing the characteristics of pseudopolyposis in intestinal ultrasound (IUS). This study aimed at identifying the key features of pseudopolyposis in IUS.

Methods

This case–control study included 12 patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s colitis with extensive left colon pseudopolyposis and 18 matched IBD patients without pseudopolyps at colonoscopy. Luminal (diameters, thickening, stratification, margins, and vascularity) and intraluminal (vascular signals at color Doppler), and extraluminal (mesenteric fat) parameters of the left colon were compared. Anonymized still images and videos of these patients were blindly reviewed to estimate the accuracy in detecting this condition.

Results

Among the IUS parameters assessed, the anteroposterior diameter ≥ 12 mm and the presence of luminal vascular signals were significantly correlated with pseudopolyposis. The detection of both these findings were able to detect extensive pseudopolyposis a sensitivity of 75% (CI 95%: 42.8–94.5%) and a specificity of 100% (CI 95%: 81.5–100%).

Conclusion

This is the first study describing the IUS features of pseudopolyposis in IBD. The potential use of IUS to assess pseudopolyposis might have an impact on IUS monitoring and surveillance of IBD patients with condition.