bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ensino, tecnologia e formação de professores durante a pandemia de COVID-19: histórias de campo
Authors: Buzato Gláucia Cristina Silva
Published: July 2021

Esta resenha objetiva apresentar o e-book “Ensino, tecnologia e formação de professores durante a pandemia de COVID-19: histórias de campo”, que traz uma importante reflexão e contribuição frente à crise sanitária mundial - pandemia COVID-19.  A relevância do assunto é oportuna diante o retorno presencial, fato que já acontece em diversos estados do país. A obra está focada na formação continuada dos professores. O e-book está dividido em sete categorias, totalizando 133 capítulos. Os capítulos são de leitura rápida e contam com uma seção para ajudar o leitor a visualizar e replicar o que os autores realizaram, com uma abordagem inovadora e criativa, frente a uma pandemia e a necessidade de reinventar as práticas de ensino.
Pengubahan Bunyi dalam Lirik Lagu Bahasa Jawa
Authors: Mijianti Yerry
Published: August 2021

Sound Change in Javanese Song Lyrics ABSTRAKArtikel ini ditulis dengan tujuan mendeskripsikan pengubahan bunyi dalam lirik lagu bahasa Jawa. Data dalam penelitian bahasa ini adalah kata atau frasa yang mengandung pengubahan bunyi bahasa Jawa. Sumber data adalah lirik lagu dari 41 judul lagu dalam enam album Video Compact Disk Dangdut Koplo. Penelitian bahasa ini dilakukan dengan mengandalkan metode introspeksi dan metode simak untuk mengumpulkan data. Data dianalisis dengan metode padan intralingual dan teknik hubung banding menyamakan atau disebut HBS. Teknik pengecekan keabsahan hasil penelitian menggunakna teknik introspeksi. Hasil penelitian yaitu pengubahan bunyi dalam lirik lagu bahasa Jawa meliputi empat hal yaitu : (1) pengubahan bunyi {-ipun} menjadi {-nyo} karena tuntutan guru lagu; (2)  pengubahan secara sinkope, kontraksi, epentesis, dan paragoge karena tuntutan guru wilangan; (3) penambahan bunyi untuk mengindahkan dalam wujud puitisasi ragam; dan (4) informalisasi ragam dengan cara penanggalan suku pertama, penanggalan bunyi awal, penanggalan vokal /a/ pada {-ake}, penanggalan vokal /e/, penghilangan bunyi di tengah, dan pemendekan dalam frase.Kata kunci: pengubahan bunyi, lirik lagu, bahasa Jawa ABSTRACTThe aim of this article is describing sound changes in Javanese song lyrics. The data in this language research are words or phrases that contain sound changes in Javanese. The data source is the song lyrics from 41 song titles in the six albums of the Dangdut Koplo Video Compact Disk. This linguistics research was conducted by relying on the introspection method and scrutinize method to collect data. The data were analyzed by using intralingual matching method and equalizing comparison technique or called HBS. The technique of checking the the research results validity uses introspection techniques. The results of the study were sound change in Javanese song lyrics covering four things, namely: (1) changing the sound {-ipun} to {-nyo} because of the demands of the song teacher; (2) changes in syncope, contraction, epenthesis, and paragoge due to the demands of the sylablle; (3) sound addition to heed in the form of variety poetry; and (4) variety informalization use first syllable dismantlement, dismantlement the initial sound, dismantlement the vowel /a/ in {-ake}, dismantlement the vowel /e/, removing the middle sound, and shortening the phrase.Keyword: sound change, song lyric, Javanese language
Perkembangan Bahasa Anak Penggemar Musik Dangdut Koplo Berbahasa Jawa
Authors: Jadmiko Rahmad Setyo , Damariswara Rian
Published: August 2021

Language Development In Children Who Are Dangdut Koplo Music Fans In Java ABSTRAKAnak-anak usia SD di Desa Purworejo Kecamatan Ngunut Kabupaten Tulungagung mempunyai kegemaran mendengarkan musik dangdut koplo berlirik bahasa Jawa. Anak-anak ini mempunyai komunitas penggemar sound system. Hal itu menyebabkan perkembangan bahasa mereka terpengaruh oleh lirik-lirik yang sering mereka dengarkan. Perkembangan bahasa secara behavioristik menjadi teori untuk membuktikan perkembangan bahasa anak selaku penggemar musik dangdut koplo. Metode penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan instrumen berupa wawancara dan angket. Dari hasil data, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada empat faktor yang mempengaruhi perkembangan bahasa anak, yaitu imitasi, reward, reinforcement, dan frekuensi. Imitasi terbukti dengan ditirukannya apa saja yang didengar dari musik dangdut koplo yang diputar. Reward juga terbukti mempengaruhi perekembangan bahasa, yaitu dari pihak keluarga dan lingkungan. Reinforcement juga mempengaruhi perkembangan bahasanya. Penguat tersebut tidak sengaja terjadi, namun memberikan dukungan perkembangan bahasanya. Pada frekuensi, diketahui bahwa dibutuhkan waktu lebih dari tiga jam sehari dalam mendengarkan musik dangdut koplo.Kata kunci: perkembangan bahasa anak, penggemar, dangdut koploABSTRACTElementary school age children in Purworejo Village, Ngunut District, Tulungagung Regency have hobby to listen dangdut koplo music with Javanese lyrics. They have sound system enthusiasts community. This causes their language development to be influenced by the lyrics they often listen to. Behavioristic language development becomes a theory to prove their language development as fans of dangdut koplo music. This research method uses a qualitative approach wit two instruments namely, interview and questionare. Based on the data results, it can be described that, there are four factors that influence their language development, namely imitation, reward, reinforcement, and frequency. Imitation is proven by them imitating whatever they hear from the dangdut koplo music that is played. Rewards are also proven to affect their language development, from the family and environment. Reinforcement also affects language development, the reinforcement does not happen accidentally, but provides support for language development. In the frequency, it is known that they listen to dangdut koplo music for more than three hours a day.Keyword: children's language development, fans, dangdut koplo
Pelaksanaan Prosedur Evaluasi Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di SMK Pekanbaru pada Masa Pandemi
Authors: Muhammad Mukhlis , Widyaningrum Heny Kusuma , Masjid Akbar Al , Komariah Kokom , Sumarwati Sumarwati
Published: August 2021

The Implementation of Indonesian Language Learning Evaluation Procedures in SMK Pekanbaru in The Pandemic Period ABSTRAKDalam proses pembelajaran tidak lepas dengan adanya evaluasi. Evaluasi pembelajaran harus dilakukan secara sistematis dan berkesinambungan guna mengetahui prosedur evaluasi pembelajaran yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan prosedur evaluasi pembelajaran oleh guru Bahasa Indonesia di SMK di Pekanbaru tahun pelajaran 2020/2021. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengumpulkan data pelaksanaan evaluasi pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di SMK Pekanbaru. jenis penelitian yang digunakan ialah kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui angket. Data dianalisis dengan teknik deskriptif kualitatif. Pelaksanaan evaluasi pembelajaran oleh guru Bahasa Indonesia di SMK Pekanbaru tahun pelajaran 2020/2021 dikategorikan cukup yaitu memeroleh angka (72,56%). Kontribusi penelitian ini yaitu memberikan pengetahun kepada pembaca secara umum.Kata kunci: Pelaksanaan Prosedur evaluasi Pembelajaran, Guru Bahasa Indonesia, masa pandemiABSTRACTIn the learning process cannot be separated from the evaluation. Learning evaluation must be carried out systematically and continuously in order to find out a good learning evaluation procedure. This study aims to describe the implementation of learning evaluation procedures by Indonesian language teachers at SMK at Pekanbaru in the 2020/2021 academic year. This study aims to collect data on the implementation of Indonesian language learning evaluation at SMK Pekanbaru. This study uses a qualitative research type. Data were collected through questionnaire. Data were analyzed by qualitative descriptive technique. The implementation of the learning evaluation by Indonesian language teachers at SMK Pekanbaru in the 2020/2021 academic year is categorized as sufficient, namely getting a score (72.56%). The contribution of this research is to provide knowledge to readers in general.Keyword: Implementation of Learning evaluation procedures, Indonesian Language Teachers, the pandemic
Variasi Bahasa dalam Percakapan Antartokoh Film Ajari Aku Islam
Authors: Nurrahman Reisa , Kartini Rismaniar
Published: August 2021

Variation Of Dialogue in Ajari Aku Islam Movie ABSTRAKVariasi bahasa oleh penutur dalam film Ajari Aku Islam merupakan variasi yang berlatar tempat di kota Medan, Sumatera Utara. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan wujud variasi dialek dan variasi fungsiolek yang ada dalam film yang tayang pada tahun 2019 tersebut. Metode yang dimanfaatkan dalam menyusun penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif-deskriptif untuk menganalisis data yang didapatkan dan dikelompokkan ke dalam variasi dialek dan variasi fungsiolek berdasarkan tuturan tokoh. Selain metode di atas, dimanfaatkan pula metode simak-catat dengan maksud mengurai kesulitan dalam proses pemerolehan data. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan dua variasi dialek dan tiga variasi fungsiolek yang hadir melalui percakapan antar tokohnya. Variasi dialek tersebut ialah dialek Medan dan dialek Hokkian. Kemudian, tiga dari lima variasi fungsiolek yang dapat ditemui dalam film tersebut diantaranya; 1) ragam usaha, 2) ragam santai, dan 3) ragam akrab. Penanda adanya dialek Medan dalam film tersebut ialah penggunaan “kek mana”, sedangkan kata “ciak”dan sapaan “koh” menjadi penanda digunakannya dialek Hokkian.Kata kunci: variasi dialek, variasi fungsiolek, tokoh film, Medan. sosiolinguistikABSTRACTSpeaker language variations in the film Ajari Aku Islam are variations that are set in Medan, North Sumatra. This study aims to describe the form of dialect variations and fungsiolect variations in the films that showed in 2019. The method used in compiling this research is a qualitative-descriptive method in an effort to analyze data to obtain and classify dialect variations and fungsiolect variations spoken by the characters. Beside the above method, the note-taking method is also used with the intention of unraveling the difficulties in the data collection process. The results of this study obtained two variations of dialect and three variations of fungsiolect that were present through the conversations between the figures. These dialect variations are the Medan dialect and the Hokkian dialect. Then, three of the five variations can be found in the film include; 1) variety of business, 2) variety of casual, and 3) variety of familiar. The sign of the Medan dialect in the film is the use of "kek mana", while the word "ciak" and the greeting "koh" indicate the use of the Hokkian dialect.Keyword: dialect variations, fungsiolect variations, actor, Medan, sosiolinguistics
Strategi Menyindir pada Video Youtube Sengklekman Official dan Relevansinya Terhadap Pembalajaran Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Pradana Intan , Fatin Idhoofiyatul , Ridlwan M.
Published: August 2021

Satirical Strategy on The Sengklekman Official Youtube Video and Its Relevance Towards Indonesian Learning ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan wujud strategi menyindir pada video youtube Sengklekman Official dengan menggunakan teori strategi off record Brown & Levinson. Sengklekman Official merupakan chanel youtube yang menayangkan kartun humor tentang keluh kesah masyarakat yang diintepretasikan melalui kehidupan tokoh Ian dan teman-temannya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif deng­an teknik simak catat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ditemukan penggunaan strategi off record, yaitu give hint, give association clues, presuppose, understate, overstate, use tautologies, be ironic, use metaphors, use retorical question, be vague, give over-generalize, dan displace H. Di antara strategi menyindir yang digunakan, strategi off record overstate dan displace H adalah yang paling dominan. Hal tersebut dikarenakan tuturan dalam video Sengklekman Official cenderung berlebih-lebihan dan mengandung tuturan yang tidak mengacu kepada lawan tutur secara langsung. Dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia, hasil penelitian ini relevan dengan materi teks anekdot untuk mendukung tercapainya KD 3.5, 4.5, 3.6, dan 4.6 di kelas X SMA.Kata kunci: Strategi menyindir, sengklekman, strategi off recordABSTRACTThis study aims to describe the form of a satirical strategy on the Sengklekman Official youtube video using Brown & Levinson's off record strategy theory. Sengklekman Official is a YouTube channel that broadcasts humorous cartoons about public complaints which are interpreted through the figure lives of Ian and his friends. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with note-taking technique. Based on the results of the study, it was found the use of off record strategies, namely give hint, give association clues, presuppose, understate, overstate, use tautologies, be ironic, use metaphors, use rhetorical questions, be vague, give over-generalize, and displace H. In Among the satirical strategies used, the strategy of off record overstate and displacement H is the most dominant. This is because the speech in the Sengklekman Official video tends to be excessive and contains speech that does not refer to the interlocutor directly. In learning Indonesian, the results of this study are relevant to anecdotal text material to support the achievement of KD 3.5, 4.5, 3.6, and 4.6 in class X Senior High School.Keyword: Satirical strategy, seklekman, strategy off record
Increasing the energy efficiency of water inlets by re-using washed water and reducing filter cycle time
Authors: Kapansky A. A.
Published: July 2021

PURPOSE. The purpose of this article is to study the search for ways to reduce energy consumption and develop methods for increasing the energy efficiency of water utilities. The studies reflected in the article are based on the results of an energy survey of a water utility in the city of Gomel (Republic of Belarus), one of the tasks of which is the search for reserves for saving fuel and energy resources by reducing technological water consumption. The article presents the results of research on the example of two water intakes «Iput» and «Sozh». METHODS. When solving the problem, the methods of mathematical statistics were used, including the method of analysis of variance to assess the significance of the effect of water flushing on reducing the iron content. RESULTS. The article discusses possible ways to reduce energy costs by reducing technological water consumption, which are used to flush filtering structures. The main activities are the following: changing the filter flushing schedule with increasing the filter cycle; the use of water-air flushing; reuse of wash water. The article formulates a hypothesis: filter flushing leads to a decrease in the iron content in the water, i.e. improving the quality of cleaning. CONCLUSION. An increase in the energy efficiency of water intakes, along with measures to modernize and optimize the operation of pumping equipment, is achieved by saving water resources and, accordingly, the cost of electricity for their extraction, which is necessary when flushing the filter materials of the deferrization station. The assumption about a possible increase in the filtration cycle was the lack of significance of the influence of washing on the decrease in the iron content, which indicated the presence of a significant reserve of the washing cycle. The use of combined water and air flushing contributes to a significant reduction in both technological water consumption (40.1%) and electricity consumption (38.8%). The energy saving potential due to the reduction of technological energy consumption for lifting water for the purpose of flushing reached 89857 kWh / year for the studied water intake.
Energieeffiziente Planung von Wertschöpfungsnetzwerken
Authors:   Fraunhofer IML, Dortmund, Schreiber Lucas , Vliegen Lea , Jarmer Jan-Philipp , Günter Andreas , Hohaus Christian , Grimm David ,   LogProIT GmbH, Dortmund, Vennemann Andrea ,   thyssenkrupp Materials Services, Fischer Christian ,   Behr-Hella Thermocontrol GmbH
Published: August 2021

Bei der Auswahl eines neuen Kühlschranks ist die Energieeffizienz heutzutage ein selbstverständliches Auswahlkriterium. In der strategischen und taktischen Planung von Wertschöpfungsnetzwerken ist dies noch nicht der Fall. Mit der im Forschungsprojekt E²-Design entwickelten Toolbox wird eine Berücksichtigung von Energieeffizienz neben den klassischen Leistungs- und Kostengrößen frühzeitig im Planungsprozess von Produktions- und Logistiknetzwerken ermöglicht. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die zugrundeliegenden Energiedaten und die entwickelten Planungswerkzeuge vorgestellt sowie der Nutzen aus Anwenderperspektive abgeleitet. Auf Basis des vorgestellten methodisch unterstützten Ansatzes ist es möglich, die grundlegenden Supply Chain Design (SCD)-Entscheidungen frühzeitig unter Berücksichtigung der Energieeffizienz zu treffen, um aus dem Gesamtpotenzial zu schöpfen.
The Effect of Hyper-Parameters on the Performance of Third Order Neural Network Algorithms on Medical Classification Data
Authors:   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Mohd Nawi Nazri , Harsani Prihastuti ,   Universitas Pakuan, Tosida Eneng Tita ,   Universitas Pakuan, Mohamad Roslan Khairina ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Published: August 2021

The artificial neural network (ANN) particularly back propagation (BP) algorithm has recently been applied in many areas. It is known that BP is an excellent classifier for nonlinear input and output numerical data. However, the popularity of BP comes with some drawbacks such as slow in learning and easily getting stuck in local minima. Improving training efficiency of BP algorithm is an active area of research and numerous papers have been reviewed in the literature. Furthermore, the performance of BP algorithm also highly influenced by the size of the datasets and the data preprocessing techniques that been chosen. This paper presents an improvement of BP by adjusting the two term parameters on the performance of third order neural network methods. This work also demonstrates the advantages of using preprocessing dataset in order to improve the BP convergence. The efficiency of the proposed method is verified by means of simulation on medical classification problems. The results show that the proposed implementation significantly improves the learning speed of the general back-propagation algorithm.
Contaminação microbiológica de resinas compostas utilizadas em uma clínica-escola de Odontologia
Authors: Mendes Haroldo José , Matos Patricia Elizabeth Souza , Prado Fabio Ornellas , Freire Tassia Pina Silva , Freire Herbert Pina Silva
Published: August 2021

O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar a contaminação microbiológica de resinas compostas utilizadas em uma clínica-escola de Odontologia. Trata-se de uma pesquisa experimental/laboratorial, na qual foram coletadas amostras de 10 bisnagas de resina composta, sendo uma delas o controle negativo. Porções de resina composta contidas no interior das bisnagas foram coletadas e mergulhadas em tubos de ensaio contendo caldo nutriente e posterior semeadura em placas e coloração para caracterizar as colônias e observar bactérias e fungos. Todas as amostras apresentaram contaminação, inclusive o tubo contendo meio de cultura utilizado como controle de manuseio do experimento. Essas contaminações podem ter relação com as falhas dos meios de biossegurança empregados na clínica-escola e com os métodos de transporte e armazenamento das bisnagas de resina composta. Portanto, existe a necessidade de conscientização dos estudantes e docentes para a adoção de medidas de biossegurança específicas para o manuseio das resinas compostas.
Hubungan Kecemasan Matematika dan Digital Storytelling Terhadap Math Literacy Pada Siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama dalam Pembelajaran Matematika Pada Kelas Virtual
Authors: Nabilah Elsa , Umam Khoerul
Published: August 2021

Pengkajian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi hubungan kecemasan matematika serta digital storytelling pada math literacy pada siswa sekolah menengah pertama dalam pembelajaran matematika di kelas virtual. Pengkajian ini menggunakan cara survey kuantitaif yang dipilih oleh peneliti untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian. Sampel dalam pengkajian ini ialah 300 siswa sekolah menengah pertama yang berwilayah di Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang serta Bekasi.  Teknik pengumpulan data dikerjakan memakai kuesioner. Analisis data dikerjakan memakai metode korelasi product moment dan metode regresi linear berganda, yang terdiri atas variabel bebas kecemasan matematika ( ), digital storytelling ( ), dan variabel terikat math literacy ( ). Menurut hasil analisis data membuktikan jika (1) ada hubungan dengan arah negatif serta derajat hubungan sedang antara kecemasan matematika terhadap math literacy, (2) terdapat hubungan dengan arah positif dan derajat hubungan yang kuat antara digital storytelling berhubungan terhadap math literacy, (3) terdapat hubungan positif antara kecemasan matematika dan digital storytelling terhadap math literacy sebesar 66%. Untuk penelitian selanjutnya, agar peneliti tidak hanya menggunakan kuesioner untuk pengumpulan data, tetapi dapat membuat proyek dalam suatu kelas.
Reading the Signs: A Brief Portrait of West Sumatra Democracy in the News Headline Discourse
Authors: Agustina
Published: August 2021

Portraits of the implementation of democracy in a government can be seen from various parameters, one of which is the event report recorded in the daily mass media coverage. This study aims to examine the democratic portraits of West Sumatra province that were presented through the local newspaper Singgalang during the publication period throughout 2016. This study is significant for further investigation because West Sumatra’s Democracy Index for that year was categorized as ―the lowest. This study includes Critical Discourse Analysis, which focuses on examining the aspects of language that reflect the power relations between the government and the people. The analysis results imply that the Singgalang newspaper can present the face of West Sumatra democracy through titles that describe the actual situation and relationship between the government and citizens. This finding is in line with the Central Bureau of Statistics findings, which indicate the poor implementation of democracy in the province of West Sumatra.
Enhanced Open-Mindedness and Problem Finding Among Gifted Female Students Involved in Future Robotics Design
Authors: Alabbasi Ahmed M. Abdulla
Published: August 2021

This article investigated the impact of a robotic-based enrichment program on problem finding (PF) and active-openminded thinking skills (AOT) in 60 gifted female students (8th and 9th graders) from the Eastern region of Saudi Arabia. The participants were randomly selected from several cohorts of gifted students who participated in an enrichment summer program. The enrichment program lasted for 4 weeks. The study instruments included the Problem Generation (PG) test and the Active-Openminded Thinking (AOT) scale, which were administered to the participants at the beginning of the program and at the end of the program. The change in the measured program outcomes after attending the robotics intervention program was assessed by a regression model, where post-test scores were regressed on pre-test scores. The results revealed differences for the three subscales of AOT: Belief Identification (BI) Flexible Thinking (FT), and Dogmatic Thinking (DT) as well as the total score of the AOT in favour of post-test condition. Moreover, the results indicated that 9th graders benefited more from the enrichment program than 8th graders did. As for PF, fluency scores showed no significant differences between pre-test and post-test, while originality scores were significantly higher for the post-test scores when compared to the pre-test scores.
Komputer Menurut Para Ahli
Authors: Yuniar Rahmi
Published: August 2021

Komputer adalah suatu alat elektronik yang dapat pengolah data dan menyampaikan infomasi.
Suspected Cardiovascular Side Effects of two Covid-19 Vaccines
Authors: Lehmann Karla Johanna
Published: July 2021

Fatalities or cardiovascular side effects of vaccines were rather uncommon in the past. So far, numerous reports of side effects and deaths associated with Covid-19 vaccination have been accepted behind the background of the pandemic situation and the priority vaccinated elderly population at the beginning of the vaqccination campaign. Cardiac and heart circulatory disturbances resp. cardiovascular side effects associated with the application of Covid-19 vaccines have not been recognized up to now with the exception of thrombotic/embolic side effects and cases of myo-/pericarditis. But the mechanism of action suggests that downregulation of ACE2 by non-neutralised spike proteins may have cardiovascular effects.The objective of this analysis was to determine the total number of reported adverse events and fatalities and to record suspected important cardiovascular adverse events up to the cut-off date in European countries. Therefore, a current review/analysis of spontaneously reported fatalities as well as of adverse events after application of Covid-19 vaccines has been performed. Data were retrieved from the EudraVigilance web reports of the European Medicines Agency (EMA), partly also from the safety reports of the German PEI. Covid-19 vaccine-associated suspected side effects and related deaths are alarming. Surprisingly, numerous cardiovascular reactions were reported, many of which were life-threatening. Cardiac and heart circulatory caused fatalities alone accounted for about 33% of all ComirnatyR vaccine-related deaths. The second most important side effects were vascular thrombotic/embolic side effects, often also associated with serious consequences. Based on their quality and quantity, these side effects seem to be characteristic for spike-producing vaccines and do not appear to be substance-specific. Further investigations are needed to clarify the approximately 3.5 times more frequent cases of sinus vein thrombosis and the some different frequent cases of thrombotic/embolic events after VaxzevriaR. The hypothesis could be confirmed. Because of their importance and their sometimes life-threatening consequences, cardiovascular side effects need to be better communicated.Limitations of the investigation result from the individual reporting and recording procedure, the lack of detailed individual information and the lack of an appropriate comparison population.
Menejemen dan bimbingan konseling di sd
Authors: Jaenab
Published: August 2021

manajemen adalah suatu proses perencanaan, pengorganisasian, kepemimpinan, dan pengendalian upaya dari anggota organisasi serta penggunaan sumua sumber daya yang ada pada organisasi untuk mencapai tujuan organisasi yang telah ditetapkan sebelumnya. Sedangkan menurut Hasibuan (2000:2) mengatakan bahwa manajemen adalah ilmu dan seni mengatur proses pemanfaatan sumber daya manusia dan sumber-sumber lainnya secara efektif dan efisien untuk mencapai satu tujuan.
First wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa’s island nations: A descriptive study of the variation in the disease burden
Authors: Kousi Timokleia , Vivacqua Daniela , Dalal Jyoti , James Ananthu , Câmara Daniel Cardoso Portela , Mesa Sara Botero , Chimbetete Cleophas , Impouma Benido , Williams George Sie , Mboussou Franck , Mlanda Tamayi , Bukhari Arish , Keiser Olivia , Abbate Jessica , Hofer Cristina Barroso
Published: August 2021

Motivated by the idea that island nations might respond differently to non-island countries in handling pandemic situations, we aimed to study the first wave of COVID-19, along with the potential reasons behind the variation in disease burden, across the six African island nations: Cabo Verde, Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, São Tomé e Príncipe, and Seychelles. We analysed the publicly available COVID-19 data on confirmed cases and deaths from the beginning of the pandemic through 29 November 2020, to give an overview of the course of the pandemic in these nations. To understand the variation in disease burden across nations, we first explored their economic statuses, healthcare expenditures and facilities, ranging from the numbers of hospital staff to the PCR tests performed, and the main health risk factors. We further examined the age and sex distributions and densities of the overall and urban populations, along with analyzing the main industries in these countries. We also reviewed the non-pharmaceutical response measures implemented nationally. By presenting a comprehensive picture of the healthcare, socioeconomic, and demographic situation and describing the control measures taken by the governments, we aimed to evaluate the possible determinants of the variation in COVID-19 disease burden across the islands.
Differential expression of leucine rich repeat containing 25 in human epithelial ovarian cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: August 2021

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic cancer (1). We performed discovery of genes associated with epithelial ovarian cancer and of the high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) subtype, using published microarray data (2, 3) to compare global gene expression profiles of normal ovary or fallopian tube with that of primary tumors from women diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer or HGSC. We identified the gene encoding leucine rich repeat containing 25, LRRC25, as among the genes whose expression was most different in epithelial ovarian cancer as compared to the normal fallopian tube. LRRC25 expression was significantly higher in high-grade serous ovarian tumors relative to normal fallopian tube. LRRC25 expression correlated with overall survival in patients with ovarian cancer. These data indicate that expression of LRRC25 is perturbed in epithelial ovarian cancers broadly and in ovarian cancers of the HGSC subtype. LRRC25 may be relevant to pathways underlying ovarian cancer initiation (transformation) or progression.
Sexual and Gender Minorities Facing the Coronavirus Pandemic: A Systematic Review of the Distinctive Psychosocial and Health-related Impact
Authors: Bleckmann Clara , Leyendecker Birgit , Busch Julian
Published: August 2021

Sexual and gender minorities (SGM) constitute vulnerable groups in many countries. Thus, they might be affected to a different extent than heterosexual and cisgender individuals by the Coronavirus pandemic. This systematic review aimed to summarize the state of international research on the mental and physical health-related as well as socioeconomic effects of the Coronavirus pandemic on SGM individuals. Following the PRISMA protocol, we identified 35 publications, including different article formats. We considered minority stress theory and intersectionality in synthesizing the reviewed literature. Our key finding implicates that both minority- and pandemic-specific adversities increase the vulnerabilities of SGM individuals. Minority-specific stressors include discrimination experiences, poorer mental and physical health, and fewer socioeconomic resources. Pandemic-specific challenges such as the deferral and delay of medication or school closing expose certain SGM subgroups (transgender individuals, young SGM) to particularly high risk. Moreover, the reviewed evidence suggests distinctive interactive effects of minority-specific stressors with pandemic-specific challenges (e.g., being forced to stay close to rejecting others during lockdown periods). A significant share of the included literature was US-based, while research from other countries remained scarce. The specific mechanisms still deserve to be better understood to protect SGM in future crises, especially during pandemics.
Leadership in times of COVID-19 pandemic: Context and language effects on perceptions of leaders as charismatic and entrepreneurs
Authors: Gkinopoulos Theofilos
Published: August 2021

In times of crisis because of the COVID-19 outbreak, leadership matters more than ever. Previous research focuses on leaders as charismatic and identity entrepreneurs. Little is known about the effect of the we-referencing language of political speeches (type of narrative) and the context (stability or crisis) of their communication on identity leadership dimensions. This paper reports a 2x2 design that addresses this theoretical lacunae. Factorial multivariate analysis of variance (Two-Way ANOVA) found significant interactions between narrative type and context on leaders’ identity entrepreneurship, charisma, perceived trust and collective helplessness. Hierarchical multiple regression identified predictors of charismatic leadership in context of stability and crisis with the narrative type consistently predicting perceptions of charisma. Significant indirect effects of identity entrepreneurship on charismatic leadership were found via narrative type, collective helplessness and perceived trust. The contextualisation of identity leadership processes and the importance of type of communicated narratives on perceptions and evaluations of leaders especially in times of crisis are discussed.
Developmental changes in episodic memory across early- to mid-childhood: Insights from a latent longitudinal approach
Authors: Canada Kelsey Leigh , Hancock Gregory R. , Riggins Tracy
Published: August 2021

Episodic memory is a cornerstone ability that allows one to recall past events and the spatiotemporal context in which they occur. In an effort to characterize the development of this critical ability, many different tasks have been used independently to assess age-related variations in episodic memory. However, performance on memory tasks is multiply determined, and the extent to which multiple tasks with varying features relate to each other and represent episodic memory as a latent cognitive construct across childhood is unclear. The present study sought to address this question by exploring the feasibility of using four different laboratory-based tasks to characterize changes in episodic memory ability during early- to mid-childhood in 200 typically developing children (4 to 8 years). Using longitudinal data and a structural equation modeling framework, results suggest that multiple tests of episodic memory can be utilized to indicate a comparable latent construct of episodic memory ability over this period of development, and that this ability improves consistently between 4 to 8 years. Overall, results highlight that episodic memory measured as a construct increases at a similar rate over early- to mid-childhood and demonstrate the benefits of using multiple laboratory tasks to characterize developmental changes in episodic memory.
Affective Disgust Predicts Blame for Gay Male Homicide Victims
Authors: Quinn-Jensen Elizabeth , Skinner-Dorkenoo Allison Louise , Wages James
Published: August 2021

For certain crimes there is a tendency in the U.S. to blame individuals for their victimization. Previous work has shown that affective states can impact blame attribution. Drawing upon this work, the purpose of the current pre-registered research was to examine the relation between affective disgust and victim blame attribution. In Study 1, as participants’ (N = 203) level of implicit disgust associations with gay men increased, their tendency to blame a gay male homicide victim also increased, whereas their agreement that the homicide qualified as a hate crime decreased. In Study 2, disgust was experimentally induced by exposing participants (N = 431) to disgusting (e.g., vomit, insects) or neutral images (e.g., mug, stapler). Inducing disgust increased victim blame and decreased perceptions that the homicide constituted a hate crime. However, exploratory mediation analyses in both studies showed that the impact of disgust on hate crime applications is best explained as an indirect effect of victim blame. Taken together, these findings suggest that both individual differences in implicit gay-disgust and situational feelings of disgust may underlie people’s perceptions of how blameworthy a victim is for the crime committed against them.
Reconceptualizing the Prevalence of Dyslexia as a Distribution Rather than a Number
Authors: Edwards Ashley , Wagner Richard , Zirps Fotena A.
Published: August 2021

How prevalent is dyslexia? Published estimates range from 3 to 30 percent. A new approach to estimating prevalence argues that prevalence is a distribution rather than a single number, and that the distribution can be approximated by the distribution of the discrepancy between listening comprehension (LC) and reading comprehension (RC). The goal of the present study was to examine the distributional approach to understanding the prevalence of dyslexia using samples of children in 3rd, 7th, and 10th grade. The results supported viewing the prevalence of dyslexia as a distribution. Implications for screening and identification are discussed.
व्याकरणशास्त्रस्योत्पत्तिर्विकासश्च [Origin and Development of Sanskrit Vyākaraṇa Sāstra]
Authors: पोख्रेल Pokhrel सरस्वती Saraswati
Published: July 2021

अस्मिन्नालेखे संस्कृतभाषा विश्वस्यैवादिमा भाषा वर्तते अथवा अस्या अपि संस्कृतभाषायाजननीरूपेण निर्दिश्यमाना अन्या भाषा वर्तत इति विश्लेषणपुरःसरमस्या गीर्वाणवाण्या उत्पत्तिविषयसम्बद्धाचर्चा कृताऽस्ति । तदनु संस्कृतजगति व्याकरणस्य परम्परा कया रीत्याऽवतरति । आद्यावधिको व्याकरणस्य विकासक्रमः कीदृशो निर्दिश्यत इति विषयमादाय व्याकरणग्रन्थानां वैयाकरणानाञ्चाधिक्ये विद्यमानेऽपिपाणिनीयस्यैव व्याकरणस्याऽध्ययनाऽध्यापने को हेतुरिति वक्ष्यते । तदनु पाणिनीयस्य व्याकरणस्योत्पत्तिविषयः सर्वथा मौलिकः स्वतः स्फूर्तो वा, उत व्याकरणात् पाणिनीयादग्रेऽप्यासन् वैयाकरणास्तेषां ग्रन्थाश्चेतिविविच्ययदि ग्रन्था आसन्  तर्हि तेषां प्राग्वर्तिव्याकरणग्रन्थानां वैयाकरणानाञ्च प्रभावः पाणिनीये व्याकरणे कयारीत्या समुदेतीति ज्ञाप्यते । ज्ञापनसन्दर्भेस्मिन्  पाणिनीये व्याकरणे ससूत्रं निर्दिश्यमानाः सर्वेप्याचार्या वैयाकरणा एवासन्नुत कतिपयानामाचार्याणामभिमतान्येवोपात्तानि पाणिनिनेति विषयोऽयमुद्घाटितो विद्यते । तदनु केन कारणेन पाणिनीयस्यैव व्याकरणस्य महदवदानं सिध्यतीति विषयमादाय पाणिनीयस्यग्रन्थस्य तस्य नाम किमस्ति । नाम्नः सार्थकता वर्तते अथवा नेति विविच्यते । यदि पाणिनीयो ग्रन्थ एव पूर्णतामावहति तर्हि व्याख्यानरूपेणावतीर्णानां पाणिनिग्रन्थमुपजीव्योपनिबद्धानां ग्रन्थान्ताराणामावश्यकतासिध्यति अथवा न सिध्यति, यदि सिध्यति तर्हि कथं सिध्यतीत्युपस्थाप्य नातिविशदचर्चया व्याख्याग्रन्थकृतां नाम्नामुपस्थापनेन व्याकरणस्य पाणिनीयस्य त्रिमुनिव्याकरणमिति कथने सार्थकता प्रकटिता वर्तते ।
[This article analyzes the origins of Sanskrit language in a quest to determine if Sanskrit is indeed the mother of all languages of the world. A detailed discussion on the development of Sanskrit Vyākaraṇaover the years has also been presented. There have been numerous versions of Sanskrit Vyākaraṇaformulated by different revered scholars and grammarians prior to Pāṇini. However, only PāṇiniyaVyākaraṇais considered complete in itself and has widely been adopted for teaching and learning. This article distinguishes the reasons that make PāṇiniyaVyākaraṇa stand out from the rest. This article takes a detailed account on the origins of PāṇiniyaVyākaraṇa by analyzing how the learned scholars and grammarians prior to Pāṇini have influenced his work. The names of ācāryasthat have been invoked in Sūtrasdefined by Pāṇini have been examined to identify if these learned scholars were grammarians on their own right or if the names were invoked out of respect because Pāṇini happened to agree with their reasonings. Furthermore, the significance of explanatory works that have been done on Pāṇini’sVyākaraṇa has also been critically analyzed.]
Disseminated Cutaneous Tuberculosis like Fungal Sporotrichosis Successfully Treated With Terbinafine: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Gautam Anil , Subedi Bijay , Awasthi Janak , Adhikari Suman
Published: July 2021

Occurrence of Sporotrichosis is uncommon in Nepal. Here, we describe a case of cutaneous Sporotrichosis of 43 years old adult male working as a farmer from Pokhara-30, Nepal with unusual skin tuberculosis like presentation since 3 years, initiating from the unusual location in right pinna. Histopathological observation was suggestive of cutaneous tuberculosis, lupus vulgaris, cutaneous leishmaniasis due to overlapping findings during biopsy. The case was diagnosed by the pharma­cological intervention observing the effect of drugs i.e., terbinafine. The purpose of reporting this serendipitous case is to enhance timely diagnosis, avoid the diagnostic dilemma for future references.
Truncal pulsion in acute ischemic stroke – Clinico-anatomical correlation
Authors: S Sheetal , Sasidharan Aswathy , Thomas Reji
Published: August 2021

Context: Truncal pulsion is a compelling sensation of being pulled to one side, in the context of normal motor and sensory functions and normal co-ordination. It is seen in a variety of ischemic strokes.
Aims: This article aims at identifying ischemic stroke syndromes associated with truncal pulsion, with review of the neural substrate responsible, to help in recognition and reporting.
Settings and Design: This was a prospective study conducted at Department of Neurology, at Pushpagiri institute of medical sciences and research centre, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India, over a period of 5 years, among patients with acute ischemic stroke.
Methods and Material: We studied all patients with acute ischemic stroke, who were admitted to our department, over a five-year period. Patients presenting with truncal pulsion were shortlisted and were assessed by investigators independently. All patients underwent MRI brain, which was assessed by investigators 1 and 2, independently. The demographic profile, risk factors, clinical features, neuroimaging findings and outcomes were analysed using SPSSv21.
Results: A total of 1456 patients with acute ischemic strokes were identified, of which 27 with truncal pulsion were included in the study. The common sites of infarction resulting in truncal pulsion were lateral medulla, cerebellum, thalamus, pons and midbrain. One patient had infarct involving anterior cingulate. Truncal pulsion was ipsilateral in infarcts involving medulla and cerebellum and contralateral in infarcts involving the pons, midbrain, mesencephalo-diencephalic junction, thalamus and cingulate.
Conclusions: Truncal pulsion, a compelling sensation of falling, is a disabling symptom occurring in a variety of strokes and it poses significant challenge in neuro-rehabilitation.
Quality of life after lumbar microsciopic discectomy
Authors: Koirala Sagar , Lohani Subhash , Bishokarma Suresh , Koirala Sharad , Shrestha Pratyush
Published: August 2021

Introduction
Lumbar disc herniation also known as prolapsed intervertebral disc is one of the well-known causes of low back pain. Among various modalities of treatment, surgery is often kept as the last resort when conservative treatment fails. Conventional surgical methods have been replaced by minimally invasive surgeries like microscopic, endoscopic and percutaneous lumbar discectomy in the hopes of decreasing post-operative pain. However, it is not uncommon for patient to have residual pain even after discectomy.  Patients also complains of reduced quality of life (QOL).  SF-36 is a standardized questionnaire for measuring QOL. Few studies have used this questionnaire to look into QOL of these patients but no such study is available in Nepalese perspective.
Materials and Methods
A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among all patients undergoing single level unilateral microscopic lumbar discectomy in Upendra Devkota Memorial National Institute of Neurological Sciences from February 1st 2017 to January 31 2018. After taking informed consent, subjects were asked to respond to the preformed questionnaire and SF-36 survey. Interviews were individually conducted by the same investigator at two different time points: i) before lumbar discectomy. ii) 3 months after lumbar discectomy. QOL scores before and after were compared.
Results
Total of 50 patients meeting the inclusion criteria were studied. The mean age of the study group was 38.7 ± 9.9 years with male preponderance of 76%. The median duration of exacerbation of symptoms was 4 weeks. Along with pain, 64% had sensory deficit whereas 52% had motor deficit. Surgery led to significant improvement in pain score as well as marked improvement of SF 36 quality of life score at 3 months of surgery. However, age, gender, duration of symptoms or presence of sensory or motor deficit before surgery did not predict improvement in overall QOL.
Conclusion
Patients undergoing microscopic lumbar discectomy for prolapsed intervertebral disc have significant improvement in pain score and QOL after 3 months of surgery.
Histomorphological Spectrum of Ovarian Masses in a Tertiary Centre of Eastern Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Oshan , Baral Reetu , Shrestha Shipra
Published: August 2021

Aims: To analyze the trends of ovarian masses in a tertiary centre in eastern Nepal.
Methods: This was a retrospective cross sectional study conducted in Department of Pathology at Nobel Medical College and teaching hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal. Database of two years from April 2019 to April 2021 was searched. Gross and microscopic findings of cases including demographic details of patients with ovarian mass were analyzed and presented by descriptive parameters.
Results: Out of 127 cases of ovarian masses studied, 95 (74.8%) were neoplastic. The common types were Germ cell tumors were (47; 37%), epithelial tumors (43; 33.9%) and endometriotic cyst (23; 18.1%). Mean age was 38.1 (range: 17-77) years in benign, 47.1 (30 – 70) years in malignant and 36.9 (21-53) years in non-neoplastic tumors; 11 cases were malignant and 63.6% were solid; and 23.8% of serous tumors were bilateral.
Conclusions: Benign neoplastic lesions were the most common lesions and presented earlier than borderline and malignant lesions. Endometriotic cysts comprised the most common non- neoplastic lesions. The non-neoplastic lesions were predominantly cystic and the malignant lesions were predominantly solid. Most of the benign lesions were solid-cystic. Most mucinous tumors and all the sex-cord stromal tumors were unilateral while the seromucinous tumor and a significant number of serous tumors were bilateral.
Quintuplet Pregnancy in a women with HIV positive status
Authors: Neupane Bibhushan , Chaudhary Babita , Bam Shiba
Published: August 2021

Quintuplets are a rare occurrence and even rarer if they are born to a woman without fertility treatment. It is associated with not only high rates of obstetric complications but also increased perinatal morbidity and mortality. We here report a case of a woman with HIV positive status under ART with Quintuplets who delivered on her second trimester.