bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Designing poly(vinylidene fluoride) membranes with narrow pore size distribution for microplastics removal from water
Authors: Chen Yuji , Liu Hongxing , Lin Chuner , Cheng Chen , Li Fupeng , Fang Chuanjie , Zhu Liping
Published: June 2023

Microplastics have been recognized as a critical threat to the aquatic ecosystem. Membrane separation technology displays great potential to address this issue, while current commonly‐used polymeric microfiltration membranes fall short of high separation efficiency due to their wide pore distribution. A perfectly simple strategy for homoporous membranes fabrication using commercial poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) was reported in this work, enabling precise removal of microplastics. In this strategy, hydrophilicity of dope solution was enhanced by adding proper amphiphilic surfactants initially, followed by a novelly‐inserted air exposure progress to gently provide water vapor. Both of the two easy steps induced a surface microscopic phase separation to achieve the growth of homopores. Furthermore, the as‐prepared PVDF membrane displayed high surface porosity and bi‐continuous cross‐section structure. As expected, a high rejection (over 97%) towards 500 nm polystyrene microparticles could be achieved along with satisfying water flux of 662 L m−2 h−1 bar−1, which was superior to most current membranes. This work provides not only a new and facile strategy for preparing homoporous membranes employing commercial polymers rather than rarely‐obtained block polymers, but a promising alternative for the efficient separation of aquatic microplastics.
Factors associating with or predicting more cited or higher quality journal articles: An Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST) paper
Authors: Kousha Kayvan , Thelwall Mike
Published: June 2023

Identifying factors that associate with more cited or higher quality research may be useful to improve science or to support research evaluation. This article reviews evidence for the existence of such factors in article text and metadata. It also reviews studies attempting to estimate article quality or predict long‐term citation counts using statistical regression or machine learning for journal articles or conference papers. Although the primary focus is on document‐level evidence, the related task of estimating the average quality scores of entire departments from bibliometric information is also considered. The review lists a huge range of factors that associate with higher quality or more cited research in some contexts (fields, years, journals) but the strength and direction of association often depends on the set of papers examined, with little systematic pattern and rarely any cause‐and‐effect evidence. The strongest patterns found include the near universal usefulness of journal citation rates, author numbers, reference properties, and international collaboration in predicting (or associating with) higher citation counts, and the greater usefulness of citation‐related information for predicting article quality in the medical, health and physical sciences than in engineering, social sciences, arts, and humanities.
Cyclic mechanical stretch pre‐stimulated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells promote the healing of infected bone defect in a mouse model
Authors: Lin Qi , Lin Xi
Published: June 2023

Cyclic mechanical stretch (CMS) is an effective method to accelerate mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiation. Here, CMS pre‐stimulated bone marrow MSCs (CMS‐BMSCs) was investigated, characterized and evaluated the therapeutic potential of CMS‐BMSCs on the treatment of infected bone defect in mouse model. BMSCs were obtained from C57BL/6J mice and then subjected to CMS. The osteogenic differentiation capacity of BMSCs was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, Alizarin Red staining, qRT‐PCR, and Western blot. The pre‐stimulated BMSCs were transplanted into infected bone defect mice, osteogenesis, antibacterial effects, and inflammatory responses were examined. CMS significantly increased ALP activity and the expression of osteoblastic genes (col1a1, runx2, and bmp7) and enhanced osteogenic differentiation and nrf2 expression of BMSCs. Transplantation of CMS pre‐stimulated BMSCs promoted the healing of infected bone defect in mice, enhanced antibacterial effects, and reduced inflammatory responses in the mid‐sagittal section of the fracture callus. CMS pre‐stimulated BMSCs enhance the healing of infected bone defects in a mouse model, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for treating infected bone defects.
Characterization of lipoprotein supplement and influence of its oxidized lipid content on cell culture performance and monoclonal antibody production by a SP2/0 hybridoma cell line
Authors: Moisant Rémy , Cowles Elliott , Broutel Léonie , Deparis Véronique , Baud Anthony , von Hagen Joerg , Kolmar Harald
Published: June 2023

A challenging aspect with the use of the Sp2/0 hybridoma cell line in commercial manufacturing processes of recombinant therapeutic proteins is their exogenous lipids requirement for cell proliferation and optimal protein secretion. Lipids are commonly provided to the culture using serum or serum‐derivatives, such as lipoprotein supplement. The batch‐to‐batch variability of these non‐chemically defined raw‐materials is known to impact cell culture process performance. Lipoprotein supplement variability and its impact on fed‐batch production of a recombinant monoclonal antibody (mAb) expressed in Sp2/0 cells were studied using 36 batches from the same vendor. Several batches were associated with early viability drops leading to low process performance during fed‐batch production. Increased caspase‐3 activity (an indicator of apoptosis) was correlated to viability drops when low‐performing batches were used. Addition of an antioxidant to the culture limited the increase in caspase‐3 activity. Physicochemical characterization of batches confirmed that lipoproteins are mainly composed of lipids and proteins; no clear correlation between low‐performing batches and lipoprotein supplement composition was observed. Controlled lipoprotein oxidation leads to lipoprotein solution browning, increasing absorbance at 276 nm and results in poor process performance. Because low‐performing batches absorb more at 276 nm than other batches, oxidized lipids were suspected to be the root cause of low‐performing batches. This study increased the understanding of lipoprotein supplement composition, its sensitivity to oxidation and its impact on process performance.
Learning environments in software testing education: An overview
Authors: Zivkovic Tamara , Draskovic Drazen , Nikolic Bosko
Published: June 2023

Nowadays, we heavily depend on software, as we utilize it daily. Bugs in the software can cause significant damage, loss of private data and money, and even loss of human lives. Software testing and quality assurance discipline, which belongs to the software engineering domain, aims to ensure that the software is good enough before its release to the market. Therefore, it is vital to ensure that software engineers are highly trained in this domain. Unfortunately, this discipline is frequently neglected throughout software engineering courses. Students are mostly taught just the theoretical principles of software testing and gain little practical experience. Additionally, the software testing lectures are considered to be dull, especially if they are not followed by practical tasks where the students could apply learned techniques and gain hands‐on experience. Several tools, games, and collaborative learning environments have been proposed to make the lectures more interesting and increase student engagement. The main goal of this article is to provide a systematic survey of such environments, where each environment was evaluated in terms of major software testing topics covered and the approach used to engage the students.
A nomogram for predicting the rapid progression of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma established by combining baseline PET/CT total metabolic tumor volume, lesion diffusion, and TP53 mutations
Authors: Liu Cong , Shi Pengyue , Li Zhenjiang , Li Baosheng , Li Zengjun
Published: June 2023

Objectives

This study aimed to integrate positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) metrics and genetic mutations to optimize the risk stratification for diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients.

Methods

The data of 94 primary DLBCL patients with baseline PET/CT examination completed in the Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute (Jinan, China) were analyzed to establish a training cohort. An independent cohort of 45 DLBCL patients with baseline PET/CT examination from other hospitals was established for external validation. The baseline total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV) and the largest distance between two lesions (Dmax) standardized by patient body surface area (SDmax) were calculated. The pretreatment pathological tissues of all patients were sequenced by a lymphopanel including 43 genes.

Results

The optimal TMTV cutoff was 285.3 cm3 and the optimal SDmax cutoff was 0.135 m−1. TP53 status was found as an independent predictive factor significantly affecting complete remission (p = 0.001). TMTV, SDmax, and TP53 status were the main factors of the nomogram and could stratify the patients into four distinct subgroups based on their predicted progression‐free survival (PFS). The calibration curve demonstrated satisfactory agreement between the predicted and actual 1‐year PFS of the patients. The receiver operating characteristic curves showed this nomogram based on PET/CT metrics and TP53 mutations had a better predictive ability than the clinic risk scores. Similar results were identified upon external validation.

Conclusions

The nomogram based on imaging factors and TP53 mutations could lead to a more accurate selection of DLBCL patients with rapid progression, to increase tailor therapy.
Category is, supporting BIQTPoC at community colleges: A systematic literature review to aid community college leaders in advocacy
Authors: Gonzalez Ángel de Jesus , Duran Antonio
Published: June 2023

In this chapter, we provide a systematic literature review of current scholarship on BIQTPoC within community colleges. Through a queer of color critique lens, we analyzed literature published over the last three decades. Findings demonstrated a lack of empirical research that perpetuates a gap for community college leader practices to support BIQTPoC.
Cutaneous larva migrans: A case report diagnosed using teledermatology
Authors: Al‐Dhubaibi Mohammed Saleh , Mohammed Ghada F. , Bahaj Saleh Salem , AbdElneam Ahmed Ibrahim
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

Teledermatology is a branch of dermatology that transmits medical data over several miles using telecommunications technologies. It involves the diagnosis of skin lesions using digital photographs and related patient data, and it can be especially helpful for patients in remote areas who might not have convenient access to dermatologists. Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) is a zoonotic parasitic disease found in tropical and subtropical areas that are sunny and hot; however, cases of allocated resources have been disclosed in Saudi Arabia. There is little information about the frequency of CLM as a work‐related illness among employees who are exposed to potentially polluted soil or have close contact with pets. In this paper, we present an ancestral case of CLM in Saudi Arabia, explaining the hazards of CLM infection. CLM may pose a challenge for physicians in non‐endemic areas regarding assessment, therapeutic interventions, and protection, especially at work. The holistic strategy to CLM assessment, which includes the participation of numerous science competencies (e.g., veterinarians, dermatologists, and occupational physicians), may contribute to a better understanding of the expansion of human CLM and related risk factors, lowering the chance of infection.
Auf der Duftspur zum Erfolg
Authors: Tetsch Larissa
Published: June 2023

Borkenkäfer befallen Fichten und andere Waldbäume und können dadurch großen wirtschaftlichen Schaden anrichten. Dazu sind sie aber auf den richtigen Pilzsymbionten angewiesen. Wie sie diesen aufspüren, haben Forscher nun herausgefunden.
Associations between birth defects and childhood and adolescent germ cell tumors according to sex, histologic subtype, and site
Authors: Schraw Jeremy M. , Sok Pagna , Desrosiers Tania A. , Janitz Amanda E. , Langlois Peter H. , Canfield Mark A. , Frazier A. Lindsay , Plon Sharon E. , Lupo Philip J. , Poynter Jenny N.
Published: June 2023

Background

Studies have reported increased rates of birth defects among children with germ cell tumors (GCTs). However, few studies have evaluated associations by sex, type of defect, or tumor characteristics.

Methods

Birth defect–GCT associations were evaluated among pediatric patients (N = 552) with GCTs enrolled in the Germ Cell Tumor Epidemiology Study and population‐based controls (N = 6380) without cancer from the Genetic Overlap Between Anomalies and Cancer in Kids Study. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of GCTs according to birth defects status were estimated by using unconditional logistic regression. All defects were considered collectively and by genetic and chromosomal syndromes and nonsyndromic defects. Stratification was by sex, tumor histology (yolk sac tumor, teratoma, germinoma, and mixed/other), and location (gonadal, extragonadal, and intracranial).

Results

Birth defects and syndromic defects were more common among GCT cases than controls (6.9% vs. 4.0% and 2.7% vs. 0.2%, respectively; both p < .001). In multivariable models, GCT risk was increased among children with birth defects (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.3–2.4) and syndromic defects (OR, 10.4; 95% CI, 4.9–22.1). When stratified by tumor characteristics, birth defects were associated with yolk sac tumors (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.3–5.0) and mixed/other histologies (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.2–3.5) and both gonadal tumors (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0–2.7) and extragonadal tumors (OR, 3.8; 95% CI, 2.1–6.5). Nonsyndromic defects specifically were not associated with GCTs. In sex‐stratified analyses, associations were observed among males but not females.

Conclusions

These data suggest that males with syndromic birth defects are at an increased risk of pediatric GCTs, whereas males with nonsyndromic defects and females are not at an increased risk.

Plain Language Summary

We investigated whether birth defects (such as congenital heart disease or Down syndrome) are linked to childhood germ cell tumors (GCTs), cancers that mainly develop in the ovaries or testes.

We studied different types of birth defects (defects that were caused by chromosome changes such as Down syndrome or Klinefelter syndrome and defects that were not) and different types of GCTs.

Only chromosome changes such as Down syndrome or Klinefelter syndrome were linked to GCTs.

Our study suggests that most children with birth defects are not at an increased risk of GCTs because most birth defects are not caused by chromosome changes.
Light‐induced Photoswitching of 4‐(Phenylazo)benzoic Acid on Au(111)
Authors: Liyanage Chamathka Dehiwala , Ortiz‐Garcia José J. , Struckmeier Annalena , Kienzler Michael , Quardokus Rebecca C.
Published: June 2023

Photochromic molecules can undergo a reversible conversion between two isomeric forms upon exposure to external stimuli such as electromagnetic radiation. A significant physical transformation accompanying the photoisomerization process defines them as photoswitches, with potential applications in various molecular electronic devices. As such, a detailed understanding of the photoisomerization process on surfaces and the influence of the local chemical environment on switching efficiency is essential. Herein, we use scanning tunneling microscopy to observe the photoisomerization of 4‐(phenylazo)benzoic acid (PABA) assembled on Au(111) in kinetically constrained metastable states guided by pulse deposition. Photoswitching is observed at low molecular density and is absent in tight‐packed islands. Furthermore, switching events were noted in PABA molecules coadsorbed in a host octanethiol monolayer, suggesting an influence of the surrounding chemical environment on photoswitching efficiency.
Multi‐species occupancy modeling reveals methodological and environmental effects on eDNA detection of amphibians in temporary ponds
Authors: Peixoto Sara , Mota‐Ferreira Mário , Chaves Cátia , Velo‐Antón Guillermo , Beja Pedro , Egeter Bastian
Published: June 2023

Aquatic environmental DNA is increasingly used for biodiversity monitoring, such as surveying threatened and invasive species. Mainstreaming these methods in practical applications, however, still requires significant standardization and optimisation, namely regarding DNA capture methods. Here we evaluated how filter type (standard disc filters vs high‐capacity capsules), number of sampling sites, volume of water filtered and environmental factors affected amphibian detection in Mediterranean temporary ponds. The study involved water filtering until clogging at one (capsules) and five (discs) sites from 16 small and shallow ponds, where three urodele and seven anuran species were recorded through sweep‐netting and adult observations. Detection probabilities were estimated from site occupancy models based on replicate sampling and from an adaptation of time‐to‐detection models relating detection probability to volume of water filtered. Discs filtered relatively small volumes (15–1250 mL), with detection probabilities of the two abundant species (Pelobates cultripes, Hyla meridionalis) increasing rapidly with sample size and water volume, reaching almost perfect detection (0.95) at four and seven discs, and 420 mL and 1860 mL, respectively. However, reaching high detection probabilities for rare species (Pelodytes atlanticus, Pleurodeles waltl, Triturus pygmaeus) would require larger sampling effort than that used in our study. Despite filtering much larger volumes (600–5300 mL), filtering with capsules at a single site per pond provided lower detection probabilities for abundant species than filtering with discs at five sites. Rarer species showed no difference between methods, which may be due to small sample sizes and reduced statistical power for species with few detections. The effect of conductivity on species detectability was largely negative, while the influence of water clarity varied across species, and pH had no effects. Overall, our results suggest that eDNA amphibian surveys in Mediterranean temporary ponds need to consider filter clogging, heterogeneous DNA distribution, and highly conductive waters.
Prevalence, clinical characteristics and outcomes of heart failure patients with or without isolated or combined mitral and tricuspid regurgitation: An analysis from the ESC‐HFA Heart Failure Long‐Term Registry
Authors: Adamo Marianna , Chioncel Ovidiu , Benson Lina , Shahim Bahira , Crespo‐Leiro Maria G. , Anker Stefan D. , Coats Andrew J.S. , Filippatos Gerasimos , Lainscak Mitja , McDonagh Theresa , Mebazaa Alexander , Piepoli Massimo F. , Rosano Giuseppe M.C. , Ruschitzka Frank , Savarese Gianluigi , Seferovic Petar , Shahim Angiza , Popescu Bogdan A. , Iung Bernard , Volterrani Maurizio , Maggioni Aldo P. , Metra Marco , Lund Lars H.
Published: June 2023

Aim

Mitral regurgitation (MR) and tricuspid regurgitation (TR) are common in patients with heart failure (HF). The aim of this study was to investigate prevalence, clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with or without isolated or combined MR and TR across the entire HF spectrum.

Methods and results

The ESC‐HFA EORP HF Long‐Term Registry is a prospective, multicentre, observational study including patients with HF and 1‐year follow‐up data. Outpatients without aortic valve disease were included and stratified according to isolated or combined moderate/severe MR and TR. Among 11 298 patients, 7541 (67%) had no MR/TR, 1931 (17%) isolated MR, 616 (5.5%) isolated TR and 1210 (11%) combined MR/TR. Baseline characteristics were differently distributed across MR/TR categories. Compared to HF with reduced ejection fraction, HF with mildly reduced ejection fraction was associated with a lower risk of isolated MR (odds ratio [OR] 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.60–0.80), and distinctly lower risk of combined MR/TR (OR 0.51; 95% CI 0.41–0.62). HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) was associated with a distinctly lower risk of isolated MR (OR 0.42; 95% CI 0.36–0.49), and combined MR/TR (OR 0.59; 95% 0.50–0.70), but a distinctly increased risk of isolated TR (OR 1.94; 95% CI 1.61–2.33). All‐cause death, cardiovascular death, HF hospitalization and combined outcomes occurred more frequently in combined MR/TR, isolated TR and isolated MR versus no MR/TR. The highest incident rates were observed in isolated TR and combined MR/TR.

Conclusion

In a large cohort of outpatients with HF, prevalence of isolated and combined MR and TR was relatively high. Isolated TR was driven by HFpEF and was burdened by an unexpectedly poor outcome.
Rapid translocation of intracellular toll‐like receptors depends on endosomal NADPH oxidase
Authors: Müller‐Calleja Nadine , Hollerbach Anne , Canisius Antje , Orning Carolin , Strand Susanne , Lackner Karl J.
Published: June 2023

Endosomal toll‐like receptors (TLRs) must be translocated from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the endosome and proteolytically cleaved within the endosome before they can induce cellular signals. As ligands for these TLRs are also liberated from apoptotic or necrotic cells, this process is controlled by several mechanisms which shall ensure that there is no inadvertent activation. We have shown previously that antiphospholipid antibodies induce endosomal NADPH‐oxidase (NOX) followed by the translocation of TLR7/8 to the endosome. We show now that endosomal NOX is required for the rapid translocation of TLR3, TLR7/8, and TLR9. Deficiency of gp91phox, the catalytic subunit of NOX2, or inhibition of endosomal NOX by the chloride channel blocker niflumic acid both prevent immediate (i.e., within 30 min) translocation of these TLRs as shown by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Under these conditions, the induction of mRNA synthesis for TNF‐α and secretion of TNF‐α is delayed by approx. 6–9 h. However, maximal expression of TNF‐α mRNA or secretion of TNF‐α is not significantly reduced. In conclusion, these data add NOX2 as another component involved in the orchestration of cellular responses to ligands of endosomal TLRs.
The functional adaptation of effector Foxp3+ regulatory T cells to pulmonary inflammation
Authors: Alvarez Fernando , Piccirillo Ciriaco A.
Published: June 2023

During infections, the timings of effector differentiation of pulmonary immune responses are of paramount importance, as pathogen persistence and unsuppressed inflammation can rapidly lead to a loss of function, increased frailty, and death. Thus, both an efficient clearance of the danger and a rapid resolution of inflammation are critical to host survival. We now know that tissue‐localized FoxP3+ regulatory T cells, a subset of CD4+ T cells, are highly attuned to the type of immune response, acquiring unique phenotypic characteristics that allow them to adapt their suppressive functions with the nature of inflammatory cells. To achieve this, activated effector TREG cells acquire specialized TH1, TH2, and TH17‐like characteristics that allow them to migrate, survive, and time their function(s) through refined mechanisms. Herein, we describe how this process requires a unique developmental path that includes the acquisition of master transcription factors and the expression of receptors adapted to sense local danger signals that are found during pulmonary inflammation. In turn, we offer an overview of how these characteristics promote the capacity of local effector TREG cells to proliferate, survive, and display suppressive strategies to resolve lung injury.
Methane conversion to H2 and carbon nanofibers over supported Ni catalysts: A sustainable process through utilization of deactivated catalysts
Authors: Manda Kalpana , Kandula Manasa , Aytam Padmasri Hari , Basak Pratyay , Sarma Akella V. S. , Akula Venugopal
Published: June 2023

The renewable resource such as rice husk has been utilized to synthesize Hβ zeolite as a support for Ni catalysts for the production of clean hydrogen and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) by CH4 cracking at 550°C without any CO or CO2 formation. Hydrogen production rates and area of surface Ni are in good correlation, implying the optimum Ni loading of 25 wt % that demonstrated better hydrogen yields and CNFs. The electrochemical properties of the deactivated catalysts indicated that they were near semiconducting in nature, showing future prospects as carbon electrode materials. The physicochemical characteristics of the fresh, reduced, and used catalysts were rationalized by BET surface area, p‐X‐ray diffraction, temperature programmed reduction using H2, SEM, TEM, H2‐pulse chemisorption, and Raman spectroscopic analyses in conjunction with hydrogen rates.
NovelHNRNPM::LEUTXfusion resulting from chromothripsis of chromosome 19 in a pediatric undifferentiated small round cell neoplasm
Authors: Furtado Larissa V. , Santiago Teresa , Shi Zonggao , Wang Lu , Liu Yen‐Chun , Gartrell Jessica , Ruiz Robert E.
Published: June 2023

Small round cell neoplasms comprise a diverse group of tumors characterized by a primitive/undifferentiated appearance. Although several entities are associated with recurrent gene fusions, many of these neoplasms have not been fully characterized, and novel molecular alterations are being discovered. Here, we report an undifferentiated small round cell neoplasm arising in the anterior mediastinum of a 17‐month‐old female. The tumor harbored a novelHNRNPM::LEUTXfusion resulting from chromothripsis of chromosome 19, which was identified by whole transcriptome sequencing, but not by targeted sequencing. The structural variations caused by the chromothripsis event also challenged the interpretation of the targeted sequencing findings. This report expands the spectrum of gene partners involved inLEUTXfusions and underscores the value of whole transcriptome sequencing in the diagnostic workup of undifferentiated small round cell tumors. It also highlights the interpretive challenges associated with complex genomic alterations. A careful evidence‐based analysis of sequencing data along with histopathologic correlation is essential to ensure correct categorization of fusions.
Petrogenesis and tectonic environment of the Middle Permian Luerma igneous complex in the southern Lhasa subterrane, Tibet: Evidence from geochemistry; Rb–Sr, Sm–Nd, and Lu–Hf isotopes; and zircon U–Pb geochronology
Authors: Liu Hong , Li Guangming , Li Wenchang , Ma Dongfang , Huang Hanxiao , Cao Huawen , Li Youguo , Huang Yong , Nie Fei , Song Wenjie
Published: June 2023

Due to the lack of corresponding magmatic records, the timing of the opening of the Yarlung–Tsangpo Neo‐Tethyan Ocean remains controversial. The Middle Permian Luerma igneous complex, which is situated in the western Gangdese magmatic belt of the southern Lhasa subterrane, western Tibet, can be divided into four or more rock types, including foid gabbro, amphibole gabbro, monzogabbro, and pyroxene‐bearing monzodiorite. Through zircon U–Pb dating using laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry, the age of the Luerma igneous complex is determined to be ~261 Ma. The complex is rich in titanium, iron, magnesium, and total alkalis, with medium to high levels of calcium, potassium and aluminium, as well as low levels of silicon. Therefore, it is classified as a shoshonite–latite rock series. The complex is relatively enriched in light rare earth elements and high‐field‐strength elements, without obvious Eu and Ce anomalies. These rocks exhibit relatively low (87Sr/86Sr)i values, high εNd(t) values, and high εHf(t) values. The geochemical and isotopic characteristics indicate that the magmas are derived from partial melting of the upper mantle in an intraplate tectonic environment. The new data presented here provide supplementary evidence for the initial rifting of the Lhasa terrane from the northern margin of Gondwana during the Middle Permian. These data also confirm that the opening of the Yarlung–Tsangpo Neo‐Tethyan Ocean occurred in the Middle Permian.
A case of prostatic metastasis from non‐seminomatous testicular cancer
Authors: Noda Taisho , Fujisaki Akira , Uchida Kosuke , Iijima Heisuke , Hakamata Yasuhiro , Kanda Yuka , Imai Shin , Otsuki Yoshiro , Yoneda Tatsuaki
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Prostatic metastasis from testicular cancer is extremely rare, with only 10 reported cases, all of which were diagnosed as relapse. Herein, we report the case of a patient with concurrent testicular cancer and prostatic metastasis.

Case presentation

A 57‐year‐old man presented at our emergency department with urinary retention. A painless mass was found in the right scrotum, and computed tomography showed lung, mediastinal, and liver metastases, and an enlarged prostate. Tumor markers were measured in 2057 U/L lactate dehydrogenase, 2460 mIU/mL human chorionic gonadotrophin, 1303 ng/mL alpha‐fetoprotein, and 1.51 ng/mL prostate specific antigen. An orchiectomy and biopsy were performed; the pathological results showed immature teratomas, embryonal carcinomas, choriocarcinomas, and seminomas in the testis, and embryonal carcinomas in the prostate, liver, and mediastinum. The patient refused chemotherapy and died 3 months following diagnosis.

Conclusion

Prostatic metastasis should be considered in cases of dysuria or prostate enlargement in testicular cancers.
Opportunistic CT Screening—Machine Learning Algorithm Identifies Majority of Vertebral Compression Fractures: A Cohort Study
Authors: Page John H , Moser Franklin G , Maya Marcel M , Prasad Ravi , Pressman Barry D
Published: June 2023

Vertebral compression fractures (VCF) are common in patients older than 50 years but are often undiagnosed. Zebra Medical Imaging developed a VCF detection algorithm, with machine learning, to detect VCFs from CT images of the chest and/or abdomen/pelvis. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of the algorithm in identifying VCF. We conducted a blinded validation study to estimate the operating characteristics of the algorithm in identifying VCFs using previously completed CT scans from 1200 women and men aged 50 years and older at a tertiary‐care center. Each scan was independently evaluated by two of three neuroradiologists to identify and grade VCF. Disagreements were resolved by a senior neuroradiologist. The algorithm evaluated the CT scans in a separate workstream. The VCF algorithm was not able to evaluate CT scans for 113 participants. Of the remaining 1087 study participants, 588 (54%) were women. Median age was 73 years (range 51–102 years; interquartile range 66–81). For the 1087 algorithm‐evaluated participants, the sensitivity and specificity of the VCF algorithm in diagnosing any VCF were 0.66 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.59–0.72) and 0.90 (95% CI 0.88–0.92), respectively, and for diagnosing moderate/severe VCF were 0.78 (95% CI 0.70–0.85) and 0.87 (95% CI 0.85–0.89), respectively. Implementing this VCF algorithm within radiology systems may help to identify patients at increased fracture risk and could support the diagnosis of osteoporosis and facilitate appropriate therapy. © 2023 Amgen, Inc. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Sperm ultrastructure of Pycnoderes incurvus (Hemiptera: Miridae)
Authors: Rezende Paulo Henrique , Dias Glenda , Folly Camila , Lino‐Neto José
Published: June 2023

The sperm morphology can provide helpful information about sexual selection, phylogeny, and the evolutionary history of a given animal group. However, there is limited or no knowledge of many taxa, especially those belonging to insects, a vast and highly diverse group. An example is the Miridae, or plant bugs, which belong to the infraorder Cimicomorpha (Heteroptera), where only three out of 17 families have published data on their sperm morphology. Here we described the Miridae sperm structure by analyzing Pycnoderes incurvus sperm under light and transmission electron microscopy. In this species, the spermatozoa were as long and slender as those of most insects. However, the anterior‐most region was twisted, a characteristic first reported for Heteroptera. The acrosome was coated with electron‐dense material, most likely extra‐acrosomal. The centriole adjunct was a notably long, cylindrical and compact structure connecting the nucleus to the flagellar elements, with just clove‐like electron‐lucent points in cross‐section, also features unique to Miridae so far. The flagella exhibited an axoneme of 9 + 9 + 2 microtubules and two symmetrical mitochondrial derivatives. The latter two partially embrace the axoneme, and each exhibits two paracrystalline areas and a bridge connecting it to the axoneme; these are considered Heteroptera synapomorphies that support their monophyly.

Research Highlights

The P. incurvus sperm showed a twisted acrosome, the first reported for Heteroptera.

The centriolar adjunct is a sole structure linking the nucleus and flagellum.

The flagella presented the synapomorphies supporting Heteroptera monophyly.
In Vivo Microstructure Imaging in Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using the Random Walk With Barriers Model
Authors: Cao Yue , Davarani Siamak Nejad , You Daekeun , Feiweier Thorsten , Casper Keith , Balis Ulysses , Udager Aaron , Balter James , Mierzwa Michelle
Published: June 2023

Background

Apparent diffusion coefficient is not specifically sensitive to tumor microstructure and therapy‐induced cellular changes.

Purpose

To investigate time‐dependent diffusion imaging with the short‐time‐limit random walk with barriers model (STL‐RWBM) for quantifying microstructure parameters and early cancer cellular response to therapy.

Study Type

Prospective.

Population

Twenty‐seven patients (median age of 58 years and 7.4% of females) with p16+/p16− oropharyngeal/oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC/OCSCC) underwent MRI scans before therapy, of which 16 patients had second scans at 2 weeks of the 7‐weeks chemoradiation therapy (CRT).

Field Strength/Sequence

3‐T, diffusion sequence with oscillating gradient spine echo (OGSE) and pulse gradient spin echo (PGSE).

Assessment

Diffusion weighted images were acquired using OGSE and PGSE. Effective diffusion times were derived for the STL‐RWBM to estimate free diffusion coefficient D0, volume‐to‐surface area ratio of cellular membranes V/S, and cell membrane permeability κ. Mean values of these parameters were calculated in tumor volumes.

Statistical Tests

Tumor microstructure parameters were compared with clinical stages of p16+ I‐II OPSCC, p16+ III OPSCC, and p16− IV OCSCC by Spearman's rank correlation and with digital pathological analysis of a resected tissue sample. Tumor microstructure parameter responses during CRT in the 16 patients were assessed by paired t‐tests. A P‐value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The derived effective diffusion times affected estimated values of V/S and κ by 40%. The tumor V/S values were significantly correlated with clinical stages (r = 0.47) as an increase from low to high clinical stages. The in vivo estimated cell size agreed with one from pathological analysis of a tissue sample. Early tumor cellular responses showed a significant increase in D0 (14%, P = 0.03) and non‐significant increases in κ (56%, P = 0.6) and V/S (10%, P = 0.1).

Data Conclusion

Effective diffusion time estimation might impact microstructure parameter estimation. The tumor V/S was correlated with OPSCC/OCSCC clinical stages.

Level of Evidence

1

Technical Efficacy Stage

1
Comparative efficacy and safety of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and molnupiravir for COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Amani Bahman , Akbarzadeh Arash , Amani Behnam , Shabestan Rouhollah , Khorramnia Saeed , Navidi Zia , Rajabkhah Kourosh , Kardanmoghadam Vida
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid) with molnupiravir in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). To end this, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, medRxiv, and Google Scholar were systematically searched to collect relevant evidence up to February 15, 2023. The risk of bias was evaluated using the risk of bias in nonrandomized studies of interventions tool. Data were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis software. Eighteen studies involving 57 659 patients were included in the meta‐analysis. The meta‐analysis showed a significant difference between nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and molnupiravir in terms of all‐cause mortality rate (odds ratio [OR] = 0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.44–0.67), all‐cause hospitalization rate (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.54–0.69), death or hospitalization rate (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.38–0.99), and negative polymerase chain reaction conversion time (mean difference = −1.55, 95% CI: −1.74 to −1.37). However, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of COVID‐19 rebound (OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.71–1.07). In terms of safety, although the incidence of any adverse events was higher in the nirmatrelvir/ritonavir group (OR = 2.52, 95% CI: 1.57–4.06), no significant difference was observed between the two treatments in terms of adverse events leading to treatment discontinuation (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 0.69–2.00). The present meta‐analysis demonstrated the significant superiority of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir over molnupiravir in improving clinical efficacy in COVID‐19 patients during the prevalence of Omicron variant. These findings, however, need to be further confirmed.
Combined effects of high atrial septal pacing and reactive atrial antitachycardia pacing for reducing atrial fibrillation in sick sinus syndrome
Authors: Sumiyoshi Hironobu , Tasaka Hiroshi , Yoshida Kenta , Yoshino Mitsuru , Kadota Kazushige
Published: June 2023

Background

It is unknown whether atrial fibrillation (AF) burden varies by pacing site in patients with reactive atrial antitachycardia pacing (rATP). We aimed to compare AF burden in patients with high atrial septal pacing (HASp) via delivery catheter and right atrial appendage pacing (RAAp) in patients with sick sinus syndrome (SSS).

Methods

We retrospectively identified 109 patients with a history of paroxysmal AF and SSS who had received dual‐chamber pacemaker implantation between January 2017 and December 2019, of whom 39 and 70 patients had HASp and RAAp, respectively. rATP was initiated after a 1‐month post‐implantation run‐in period.

Results

Patients with HASp had a significantly shorter P‐wave duration during atrial pacing than those with RAAp (99.3 ± 10.4 vs. 116.0 ± 14.3 ms, p < .001). During the 3‐year follow‐up period, the incidence of an AF lasting longer than 1 or 7 days was significantly lower (hazard ratio [HR], 0.45; p = .016; HR, 0.24; p = .004) than in those with RAAp. The median time of AF/AT per day in the follow‐up periods was significantly shorter in the HASp group than in the RAAp group (10 vs. 18 min/day, p = .018). Atrial lead division did not occur in the HASp group during the follow‐up period.

Conclusions

HASp via delivery catheter is as safe as RAAp, and HASp combined with rATP is effective for reducing AF burden in patients with SSS and paroxysmal AF.
Warming trends of southwestern Atlantic SST and the summer's warmest SST's impact on South American climate
Authors: Vasconcellos Fernanda Cerqueira , de Souza Juan Neres , Dereczynski Claudine Pereira , Luiz‐Silva Wanderson , da Silva Fabricio Polifke , Parise Claudia Klose
Published: June 2023

Several atmospheric variables are directly influenced by oceanic conditions, mainly the sea surface temperature (SST). SST trends and variability over the southwestern Atlantic (SWA) have affected the South American climate, principally the monsoonal period (austral summer). This study analysed the SST trends over the SWA for all seasons. In addition, possible large‐scale triggers of the austral summer's warmest SST over the SWA and the straight impacts of these warmest SSTs on the South American climate were investigated. The results showed a significant positive SST trend of approximately 0.02°C·year−1 over the SWA for all seasons. Since 2000, positive SST anomalies have increased in frequency in all seasons, with the seven warmest summers occurring during the 2010s. The highest SST summers over the SWA have been related to four leading causes: (i) planetary waves triggered by warm anomalies over the subtropical South Pacific; (ii) an omega‐type blocking configuration over the South Atlantic; (iii) a Southern Annular Mode positive phase; and (iv) a strengthening of the Hadley Cell, responding to warm SST over tropical North Atlantic. They all reflected on intensification of the South Atlantic Subtropical High and the western boundary current, heating the SWA. The summer's warmest SST led to positive air temperature anomalies extending in almost all of eastern South America, with significantly highest temperatures over southeastern Brazil, northern Argentina and western Paraguay. Clouds decrease strengthen the incident shortwave in southeastern Brazil, warming the region. Significant reduction of cloudiness and precipitation indicate a low performance of the South Atlantic Convergence Zone. The comparison of the warmest summers in 1980s–1990s in the SWA ratified the role of SST intensification. In conclusion, the positive SST trends over the SWA are related to the summer's warmest SST after 2000s, causing heating and dryness in eastern South America, mainly over southeastern Brazil.
Quantitative Measurement of Pharyngeal Dimensions During Drug‐induced Sleep Endoscopy for Oral Appliance Outcome
Authors: Van den Bossche Karlien , Van de Perck Eli , Vroegop Anneclaire V. , Verbraecken Johan A. , Braem Marc J. , Dieltjens Marijke , Op de Beeck Sara , Vanderveken Olivier M.
Published: June 2023

Objective

To quantitatively investigate the effect of mandibular advancement devices (MADs) on pharyngeal airway dimensions in a transverse plane as measured during drug‐induced sleep endoscopy (DISE).

Methods

Data from 56 patients, treated with MAD at 75% maximal protrusion and with baseline Apnea‐Hypopnea Index ≥10 events/h, were analyzed. For each patient, three snapshots were selected from DISE video footage at baseline, with MAD presence, and during chin lift, resulting in 498 images (168/168/162, baseline/MAD/chin lift). Cross‐sectional areas, anteroposterior (AP) and laterolateral (LL) dimensions on both retroglossal and retro‐epiglottic levels were measured. To define the effect of MAD and chin lift on pharyngeal dimensions, linear mixed‐effect models were built. Associations between MAD treatment response and pharyngeal expansion (MAD/chin lift) were determined.

Results

Significant differences were found between retroglossal cross‐sectional areas, AP, and LL dimensions at baseline and with MAD presence. At a retro‐epiglottic level, only LL dimensions differed significantly with MAD presence compared to baseline, with significant relation of LL expansion ratio to treatment response (p = 0.0176). After adjusting the response definition for the sleeping position, greater retroglossal expansion ratios were seen in responders (1.32 ± 0.48) compared to non‐responders (1.11 ± 0.32) (p = 0.0441). No significant association was found between response and pharyngeal expansion by chin lift.

Conclusion

Our observations highlight the additional value of quantitative pharyngeal airway measurements during DISE with MAD presence in evaluating MAD treatment outcome. These findings demonstrate an increase in retroglossal airway dimensions during DISE, with MAD presence, and more pronounced increase in retroglossal expansion ratios in MAD treatment responders compared to non‐responders after sleeping position correction.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 133:3619–3627, 2023
Development and Validation of a Prognostic Model to Predict Overall Survival in Multiple System Atrophy
Authors: Eschlboeck Sabine , Goebel Georg , Eckhardt Christine , Fanciulli Alessandra , Raccagni Cecilia , Boesch Sylvia , Djamshidian Atbin , Heim Beatrice , Mahlknecht Philipp , Mair Katherina , Nachbauer Wolfgang , Scherfler Christoph , Stockner Heike , Poewe Werner , Seppi Klaus , Kiechl Stefan , Wenning Gregor , Krismer Florian ,   and the EMSA‐SG NHS Investigators
Published: June 2023

Background

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a devastating disease characterized by a variable combination of motor and autonomic symptoms. Previous studies identified numerous clinical factors to be associated with shorter survival.

Objective

To enable personalized patient counseling, we aimed at developing a risk model of survival based on baseline clinical symptoms.

Methods

MSA patients referred to the Movement Disorders Unit in Innsbruck, Austria, between 1999 and 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Kaplan–Meier curves and multivariate Cox regression analysis with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator penalty for variable selection were performed to identify prognostic factors. A nomogram was developed to estimate the 7 years overall survival probability. The performance of the predictive model was validated and calibrated internally using bootstrap resampling and externally using data from the prospective European MSA Study Group Natural History Study.

Results

A total of 210 MSA patients were included in this analysis, of which 124 patients died. The median survival was 7 years. The following clinical variables were found to significantly affect overall survival and were included in the nomogram: age at symptom onset, falls within 3 years of onset, early autonomic failure including orthostatic hypotension and urogenital failure, and lacking levodopa response. The time‐dependent area under curve for internal and external validation was >0.7 within the first 7 years of the disease course. The model was well calibrated showing good overlap between predicted and actual survival probability at 7 years.

Conclusion

The nomogram is a simple tool to predict survival on an individual basis and may help to improve counseling and treatment of MSA patients.
A nonlinear fractional partial integro‐differential equation with nonlocal initial value conditions
Authors: Li Chenkuan , Saadati Reza , O'Regan Donal , Mesiar Radko , Hrytsenko Andrii
Published: June 2023

In this work, we study a new nonlinear partial integro‐differential equation with nonlocal initial value conditions and investigate the solutions of this equation. By considering an equivalent implicit integral equation via series, we prove the uniqueness of solutions of the equation by Babenko's approach, Banach's contraction principle, and the multivariable Mittag–Leffler function. We also demonstrate the application of our key theorem with an illustrative example.
Transverse domain wall dynamics in hybrid piezoelectric/ferromagnetic devices
Authors: Shahu Chiranjeev K. , Dubey Shruti
Published: June 2023

This work investigates the static and dynamic features of transverse domain walls in a magnetostrictive, linear elastic isotropic ferromagnetic material under the action of magnetic field (axial and transverse) and electric current. The investigation is done in the framework of the extended Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation by taking into account the effects of stresses induced by a piezoelectric actuator and Rashba spin‐orbit torque caused by structural inversion asymmetry. First, we obtain the expression of magnetization orientation into the two faraway domains, then characterize the static magnetization profile under the action of magnetoelastic and transverse magnetic fields. Next, we introduce a trial function (Schryer and Walker type). After that, by adopting the small angle approximation formalism, we derive the explicit expression of key quantities such as propagating transverse domain wall profile, excitation angle, transverse domain wall velocity, mobility, and displacement. Finally, we present the numerical illustrations of derived analytical results and find that they are in qualitatively good agreement with the recent numerical simulations and experimental observations.