bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reproductive behaviour of Microctonus aethiopoides Loan (Hymenoptera Braconidae) parasitising Sitona lepidus
Authors: McNeill M.R. , Baird D.B.
Published: October 2019

Parasitoid host discrimination and the effect of superparasitism on weevil survival and emergence of parasitoids were investigated for the braconid parasitoid Microctonus aethiopoides introduced for control of Sitona lepidus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera Curculionidae) The quarantinebased study compared Irish Welsh Norwegian and French strains of the parasitoid All strains were similar in their ability to parasitise S lepidus but Welsh Norwegian and French strains did not discriminate between parasitised and unparasitised hosts In comparison oviposition in the Irish strain was biased towards parasitised weevils Furthermore in the Irish strain where more than one egg was laid in a host supernumerary larvae were able to survive and emerge from the weevil The gregarious oviposition behaviour displayed by the Irish strain has not been observed in other M aethiopoides biotypes parasitising Sitona or Hypera species
Advantages and disadvantages of microarrays to study microbial population dynamics a minireview
Authors: Everett K.R. , Rees-George J. , Pushparajah I.P.S. , Janssen B.J. , Luo Z.
Published: October 2019

Microbial ecology is challenging because of practical problems associated with detecting and quantifying populations Bacteria and yeasts are not easily identified using conventional methods such as dilution plating and biochemical tests Those methods lack sensitivity are extremely timeconsuming and cannot account for unculturable organisms New DNAbased technology such as microarrays offers solutions to those problems However identification of microorganisms using DNA methodology is becoming increasingly complicated due to the variation revealed in sequenced microbe genomes Identification is no longer considered reliable when only one area of the genome is targeted and recent publications consider that sequences from six or seven different genes are required to resolve species or pathovars of fungi and bacteria reliably A large number of probes from different genes can be included on a single microarray chip The advantages and disadvantages of microarrays versus other DNA methods for studying microbial ecology of fruit surfaces are discussed
Colony optimisation of Mastrus ridens (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) a potential biological control agent of codling moth in New Zealand
Authors: Sandanayaka W.R.M. , Chhagan A. , Page-Weir N.E.M. , Charles J.G.
Published: October 2019

Mastrus ridens (Horstmann) (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) was imported from Argentina into New Zealand as part of a classical biological control programme against codling moth (CM) Cydia pomonella (L) (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) A laboratory colony was successfully established and maintained in quarantine and experiments were conducted to understand the biology and behaviour of the parasitoid to maximise its efficiency prior to release Nave females parasitised a maximum of four CM larvae/day laying a total of 12915 eggs However a single CM larva could support the development of a maximum of 10 parasitoids The body sizes of emerging M ridens females in the colony decreased with an increase in the number of pupae developing on a single CM larva because of competition Female M ridens preferred larger CM larvae to smaller larvae in cocoons for oviposition Superparasitism host feeding and the number of CM larvae hosting damaged parasitoid eggs increased with decreasing host/parasitoid ratios
Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide resistance prevention strategy
Authors: McKay A.H. , Hagerty G.C. , Follas G.B. , Moore M.S. , Christie M.S. , Beresford R.M.
Published: October 2019

Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides are currently represented in New Zealand by eight active ingredients bixafen boscalid carboxin fluaxapyroxad fluopyram isopyrazam penthiopyrad and sedaxane They are either currently registered or undergoing development in New Zealand for use against a range of ascomycete and basiodiomycete pathogens in crops including cereals ryegrass seed apples pears grapes stonefruit cucurbits and kiwifruit These fungicides are considered to have medium to high risk of resistance development and resistance management is recommended by the Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) in Europe Guidelines are presented for use of SDHI fungicides in New Zealand to help avoid or delay the development of resistance in the fungal pathogens that they target
Cultivar decline in sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas)
Authors: Lewthwaite S.L. , Fletcher P.J. , Fletcher J.D. , Triggs C.M.
Published: October 2019

The sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) crop is propagated vegetatively by field transplanting adventitious sprouts produced on storage roots retained from the previous seasons harvest This system promotes the persistence and accumulation of both viruses and spontaneous mutations A phenomenon known as cultivar decline has been reported internationally where the root yield and appearance of commercially grown sweetpotato cultivars appear to deteriorate over successive growing seasons The relative contributions of virus infection and plant mutation to cultivar decline are uncertain but both issues are addressed through the use of virustested tissue cultured propagation systems This study assessed the degree of decline for cultivars Owairaka Red and Beauregard within the New Zealand biophysical production environment Storage root yield decreased significantly with increasing field exposure for both cultivars (P
Use of crop sensing technology in crop protection research
Authors: Neill D.E. , Follas G.B.
Published: October 2019

Crop sensing technology is a new tool being rapidly adopted by farmers as a key component of precision agriculture This technology uses sensors to calculate normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) by emitting red and near infrared light towards the crop and measuring the crops reflectance NDVI is used to evaluate canopy greenness plant biomass and as an indicator of plant health and vigour The methodology relevance and benefits of using this technology in crop protection trials are currently unclear A handheld Greenseeker (Ntech Industries USA) was used to record NDVI on a range of trials from 20082011 to establish whether crop sensing could replace visual assessments for disease and enable yield prediction NDVI readings were compared against other parameters measured in the trials such as disease scores green leaf area percentage and yields In some trials the NDVI followed similar trends to disease green leaf retention and yields However in other cases where clear treatment effects were recorded through visual or yield assessments there were no differences in NDVI between the treatments As NDVI can be affected by a number of factors it was concluded that crop sensing technology can be used as an additional objective measurement in conjunction with standard assessment practice but without further investigation cannot replace traditional assessment methods
Could Harmonia conformis be an important predator of Bactericera cockerelli
Authors: Larsen N.J. , MacDonald F.H. , Connolly P.G. , Walker G.P.
Published: October 2019

The tomatopotato psyllid (TPP) Bactericera cockerelli is a new major pest of solanaceous plants in New Zealand Both nymphs and adults may cause damage to plants by feeding on leaves and stems and by also transmitting a bacterial pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum TPP infestations affect the quality and yield of important crops such as potatoes tomatoes capsicums and tamarillo Existing natural enemies of insect pests in these crops may be important in controlling TPP particularly in winter and spring when TPP populations are low In confined nochoice cage tests in the laboratory it was established that all life stages of Harmonia conformis readily eat all life stages of TPP Harmonia conformis was tested in choice trials to assess predation of TPP when offered an alternative food source green peach aphid (GPA) Myzus persicae Predators were offered equal numbers of TPP and GPA ranging from 25 to 50 per species Larvae and adults of H conformis ate all life stages of TPP even when other food (GPA) was available This study is part of a larger project partly funded by Horticulture Australia (HAL) investigating the potential effectiveness of selected predators against TPP
Resistance to sharp eyespot in wheat
Authors: Cromey M.G. , Hide C.C.L. , Meenken E.D.
Published: October 2019

Susceptibility of 16 wheat cultivars to sharp eyespot (caused by Rhizoctonia cerealis) was examined in field experiments Disease incidence varied markedly between experiments but one cultivar Regency consistently had very low incidence which was confirmed in a greenhouse experiment Some cultivars had a high incidence of disease in some field experiments but most cultivars had intermediate incidence A greenhouse experiment provided some evidence for pathogenic variation in R cerealis Monitoring of disease progression in commercial crops confirmed the cultivar differences identified in field experiments Infection was greater in crops sown in midautumn than in lateautumn to winter Primary infection occurred during seedling growth stages with maximum disease incidence occurring by late spring Primary infection developed in resistant cultivars but there was little spread to inner leaf sheaths Selection for resistance to sharp eyespot is feasible in breeding programmes and commercial losses could be reduced by using the more resistant cultivars
Predation of apple leafcurling midge Dasineura mali by Sejanus albisignata
Authors: Shaw P.W. , Wallis D.R.
Published: October 2019

The predatory mirid bug Sejanus albisignata has been observed feeding on apple leafcurling midge (ALCM) eggs but quantitative data on its potential as a predator of ALCM are lacking Two methods were trialled to assess predation of ALCM by S albisignata In a laboratory experiment apple shoots infested with freshly laid ALCM eggs were contained with and without a S albisignata adult and in a field experiment paper bags were secured over shoots with ALCM eggs and individual S albisignata nymphs were introduced into half of these There were significant reductions of surviving midge larvae on shoots confined with adult predators and reduced numbers of midgeinfested leaves and larvae on bagged shoots with S albisignata nymphs Results from these nonchoice trials indicate that S albisignata can be an effective predator of ALCM More detailed feeding studies would determine if adult and immature S albisignata have a preference for midge eggs or larvae
Grape tendrils as an inoculum source of Botrytis cinerea in vineyards a review
Authors: Mundy D.C. , Agnew R.H. , Wood P.N.
Published: October 2019

Botrytis cinerea is a fungus responsible for considerable damage to a wide range of crops worldwide including grapes Botrytis bunch rot caused by B cinerea is the major disease problem that must be managed by the New Zealand wine industry each season However the fungus is not easily managed as it can be both necrotrophic and saprophytic with a range of overwintering inoculum sources New Zealand grape growers have asked whether it is necessary to remove tendrils at the time of pruning in order to minimise botrytis bunch rot infection at harvest This review provides a summary of the information currently available on the importance of tendrils in the epidemiology of botrytis bunch rot under New Zealand conditions Gaps in knowledge and areas for further investigation are also identified
The response to stress treatments of potted grapevines inoculated with Eutypa lata and Botryosphaeria lutea fungi associated with trunk disease
Authors: Mundy D.C. , Haycock S.R. , Manning M.A. , McLachlan A.R.G.
Published: October 2019

Current management options for grapevine trunk diseases are focused on ameliorating symptoms once they have occurred In grapevines and other crops plant stress has been observed to increase symptom expression for different pathogens depending on timing and type of stress This research aimed to establish whether stress to vines at the time of wounding enhances colonisation by fungi associated with trunk disease Potted plants were wounded and inoculated with two grapevine trunk fungi Eutypa lata and Botryosphaeria lutea Stress treatments (leaf removal and girdling) were applied to the vines immediately prior to inoculation Lesion size at the wound site and infection confirmed by reisolation of the pathogen were measured In these experiments stress did not induce greater infection incidence or larger lesions at the site of wounding Some difficulties in using potted plants to simulate responses of mature vines in the field are discussed
Comparison of sampling procedures for estimating botrytis bunch rot incidence in New Zealand vineyards
Authors: McKay A.H. , Hill G.N. , Beresford R.M.
Published: October 2019

Quantifying botrytis bunch rot (BBR) in vineyards is essential to the New Zealand wine industry Simple random sampling (SRS) inverse sampling (IS) and adaptive cluster sampling (ACS) were compared using simulated disease incidence at two levels (1 and 3) three clustering factors (random low and high) and small (100 bays) or large (2500 bays) vineyard sizes Sampling relative efficiency (re) was highest using ACS when disease was highly clustered at low incidence Inverse sampling was investigated by repeatedly sampling from the simulated vineyards which resulted in total sample number and variance of IS being greatest in highly clustered BBR at low incidence IS resulted in a lower final sample number with less variance than ACS using simulated BBR that was randomly dispersed at 3 IS or SRS using a sample size calculated from desired sample confidence can provide practical and accurate botrytis bunch rot sampling for disease management decision support
Plutella xylostella larval feeding effects on three forage brassica species kale rape and turnip
Authors: Michel A.J. , Butler R.C. , Davidson M.M.
Published: October 2019

Diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) (DBM) is a major pest of forage brassica crops in New Zealand This study evaluated the effects of DBM larval feeding on three forage brassica crops in a greenhouse experiment DBM eggs in batches of 5 10 or 50 were placed on 6weekold potted kale rape and turnip plants Plant growth and development (main stem diameter plant height total number of stems and leaves and dry matter weight of roots and foliage (including stems)) were measured at harvest Additionally the number of pupae recovered was recorded None of the measurements of plant growth was influenced (P>005) by DBM egg density Percentage pupal recovery was consistent between treatments Larger DBM population sizes may have been required to show an effect on plant growth Implications of these results for DBM pest management are discussed
Abundance and parasitism of clover root weevil (Sitona lepidus) and Argentine stem weevil (Listronotus bonariensis) in pastures
Authors: Gerard P.J. , Vasse M. , Wilson D.J.
Published: October 2019

The period from 2006 to 2010 in the North Island encompasses the widespread establishment of Irish Microctonus aethiopoides for the biocontrol of clover root weevil (Sitona lepidus) and a severe drought in 2008 that greatly reduced host availability This parasitoid occupies the same pasture habitat as Microctonus hyperodae a parasitoid with a similar life cycle introduced to control Argentine stem weevil (Listronotus bonariensis) A retrospective study was carried out on L bonariensis data and stored samples collected during S lepidus studies It was found that at all four initial M aethiopoides release sites L bonariensis populations were lowest in 2007 and 2008 while S lepidus populations were lowest in 2008 and 2009 Microctonus hyperodae parasitism levels were lowest in 2009 with overall regional means ranging from 5 in Manawatu to 11 in Waikato whereas corresponding Irish M aethiopoides parasitism levels were 43 and 72 respectively
Comparison of the mechanistic AGDISP ground boom spray model with experimental data
Authors: Connell R.J. , Schou W.C. , Nuyttens D. , Wolf T.M. , Praat J-P.
Published: October 2019

Since work reported in 2008 developments on the AGDISP ground boom model have improved results against New Zealand field trial drift data and also compare better with ground boom drift data sets from Belgium and Canada The model still predicts more drift than the experimental data in most cases especially for smaller droplet sizes but does predict less drift for larger droplets at large distances downwind The original AGDISP ground model was calibrated from Spray Drift Task Force data from the United States The experimental methods need to be developed to improve collection efficiency and mass balance The physics behind the model are discussed and proposed methods for improvement are suggested including air velocities in the spray jet below the nozzle the dispersion of the spray plume cloud at ground level due to atmospheric turbulence and wakes from the spraying equipment
Control of passionvine hopper and cicada eggs on kiwifruit canes with bifenthrin and a new superpenetrant adjuvant
Authors: Gaskin R.E. , Logan D.P. , May W. , Rowe C.A. , Steele K.D. , Van_Leeuwen R.M. , Connolly P.G.
Published: October 2019

A novel option for control of passionvine hopper (PVH Scolypopa australis) and chorus cicada (Amphipsalta zelandica) on kiwifruit was investigated This involved applying an insecticide to PVH and cicada egg sites in the dormant kiwifruit canopy using a new type of adjuvant that allows sprays to penetrate into egg nests laid in canes and old fruit stalks Five treatments of bifenthrin at 100 g/ha (1 litre/ha Talstar 100EC) and preferred combinations of nozzle type spray application volume and EngulfTM adjuvant rate were applied to dormant canes of Hayward kiwifruit in early August 2011 Water soluble blue dye added to all spray treatments penetrated into nests and stained PVH and cicada eggs when assessed shortly after application All treatments significantly reduced hatch of PVH relative to the untreated control by 85995 One treatment significantly reduced cicada hatch by approximately 80 relative to the control
Rearing of chelifers for potential biocontrol of varroa mites
Authors: Read S. , Howlett B.G. , Donovan B.J. , Nelson W.R. , Van_Toor R.F. , Leung G.
Published: October 2019

Honeybee colonies infested with the varroa mite (Varroa destructor) usually collapse unless they have been treated with acaracides Resistance to the most commonly used acaracides is increasing and no biological control options are yet available Chelifers (pseudoscorpions) are generalist predators and may have potential as a biological control agent This poster describes an attempt to establish breeding populations of native chelifers which have been shown to actively feed on varroa with the ultimate aim of testing their ability as a biological control of varroa Two species of chelifers (Nesochernes gracilis and Heterochernes novaezealandiae) collected from honeybee hives and in leaf litter near apiaries at Katikati (Bay of Plenty) are being maintained in the laboratory They are surviving on a variety of different food sources such as Drosophila sp larvae (fruit fly) aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) and moth larvae (Helicoverpa armigera Spodoptera litura and Plodia interpunctella) With little known about raising these chelifers in captivity their diet preferences and feeding periods are being obtained as a first step to obtaining the basic information necessary for potential commercial propagation of chelifers for varroa control in honeybee hives
Heat treatments to kill Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae on contaminated pollen
Authors: Everett K.R. , Cohen D. , Pushparajah I.P.S. , Vergara M.J. , Curtis C.L. , Larsen N.J. , Jia Y.
Published: October 2019

Various combinations of heat time and relative humidity (RH) were tested for their ability to kill Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae (Psa) the cause of kiwifruit canker on freshly harvested anthers artificially contaminated with this bacterium Pollen viability and Psa survival were tested after treatment Although short durations at high temperatures and high RH did kill Psa these treatments were also lethal to pollen When RH was reduced the time before pollen viability was lost increased but Psa survival was also enhanced The most promising treatment was 35C at a RH of 50 or less at which pollen viability was not affected even after 20 h but Psa did not survive when applied at 106 cfu/ml Modelling suggests that extending the time of treatment would kill higher concentrations of Psa The mechanism for Psa death at 35C is probably by a combination of heat and desiccation
Research on invasive pests and diseases in New Zealand and the law
Authors: Teulon D.A.J. , Wilson K.S.H. Boyd , Holton A. , Ridley G.S.
Published: October 2019

Two New Zealand statutes have important implications for research with organisms not previously found in New Zealand and either incidentally or illegally introduced The Biosecurity Act 1993 and the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996 define the legal framework and allowable activities for unwanted and new organisms respectively Aspects of these Acts that are relevant to research activities possible with plant pest and disease organisms after their discovery in particular those organisms requiring rapid development of management strategies and tools are summarised The need for accurate detailed and accessible lists of unwanted and new organisms and the need for the Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI) and the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) to respond rapidly when the status of these organisms needs to be changed is highlighted Consideration should be given to making the legislation concerning new organisms more applicable to incidentally or illegally introduced organisms
Weed control in establishing mixed swards of clover plantain and chicory
Authors: Gawn T.L. , Harrington K.C. , Matthew C.
Published: October 2019

A field trial was conducted in Palmerston North to assess weed control options for establishing mixed swards of chicory (Cichorium intybus) narrowleaved plantain (Plantago lanceolata) red clover (Trifolium pratense) and white clover (Trifolium repens) a pasture mixture currently popular for finishing lambs Haloxyfop safely controlled grass weeds and mowing twice during the first few months of establishment helped control some broadleaved weeds Flumetsulam was the safest herbicide for controlling broadleaved weeds although it caused severe suppression of plantain initially All other treatments caused unacceptable levels of damage to at least one of the sown species If chicory was not included in the mix then bentazone paraquat/diquat and diuron could be used Options for an integrated weed control programme for the mixture of four species are discussed For young cloverbased pastures hemlock (Conium maculatum) will be controlled better by flumetsulam or bentazone than 24DB
Native plant and weed diversity in forest remnants affected by Tradescantia fluminensis management
Authors: Lusk C.S. , Hurrell G.A. , Lamoureaux S.L.
Published: October 2019

This study aimed to determine the effects of different management practices for Tradescantia fluminensis in lowland podocarp/broadleaf forest remnants in the lower North Island Fourteen 50 m line transects across eight sites were established in April 2009 and assessed annually until 2012 Management practices prior to and during the study period were documented Over the four assessments changes in the numbers of native plant seedlings and species differed greatly between management practices as did the percent cover of Tradescantia and other weeds Native species diversity improved more and the abundance of Tradescantia and other weeds increased less in forests that were less disturbed and where careful ongoing control was carried out than in forests with more disturbance prior to or during control operations Effective monitoring of both weeds and native plants is essential to enable the outcome of weed management practices to be measured
Interception and hot water treatment of mites and nematodes on root crops from the Pacific Islands
Authors: Page-Weir N.E.M. , Jamieson L.E. , Bell N.L. , Rohan T.C. , Chhagan A. , Clare G.K. , Kean A.M. , Davis V.A. , Griffin M.J. , Connolly P.G.
Published: October 2019

Root crops are major food crops and export commodities in the South Pacific However the presence of mites and nematodes results in rejection or treatment of these crops exported to New Zealand Current disinfestation methods relying on fumigation result in shorter produce shelf life This paper summarises the organisms intercepted on root crops from the Pacific Islands and sent for identification in New Zealand with particular reference to mites and nematodes Results of a laboratory experiment examining the response of representative mite and nematode species to hot water treatment indicated times of less than 4 min at 48C or 2 min at 49C resulted in 99 mortality The implications of these heat treatments for root crops are discussed Additionally rearing methods are presented for two mite species a mould mite and a bulb mite These species will be relevant for use in future New Zealand and Pacific Island disinfestation studies
Perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes com feridas crônicas atendidos pelo “Programa Melhor em Casa”
Authors: de Almeida Gonçalves Sachett Jacqueline , da Silva Montenegro Christielle
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: definir o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes com feridas crônicas atendidos pela Equipe Multidisciplinar de Atenção Domiciliar (EMAD) de Rio Branco, estado do Acre. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, de campo, no qual foram acompanhados usuários contemplados pelo programa Melhor em Casa de janeiro a maio de 2018. A amostra deste estudo foi composta por todos os pacientes ativos na lista de atendidos pela EMAD no período que compreendeu desde a primeira visita dos pesquisadores até o momento de esgotamento dos pacientes para a coleta de dados. Incluíram-se todos os pacientes da EMAD com feridas, totalizando a amostra de 100 pacientes. Resultados: Cem pacientes responderam a um questionário autoaplicado. Mostrou-se que 54% dos participantes eram do sexo masculino, com faixa etária maior que 51 anos e média de idade de 50 anos [desvio-padrão (DP) = 19,81]. Sessenta por cento eram pardos, 36% solteiros, 52% tinham renda entre um e dois salários mínimos, 34% apresentaram ensino fundamental incompleto e 35% eram aposentados. Dentre os selecionados, 80% vivem em imóveis próprios, sendo esses 70% de alvenaria, a água é encanada em 74% dos locais e 100% têm energia elétrica. Sobre sua saúde, 38% tinham hipertensão arterial e 31% eram diabéticos, sendo essas as doenças mais prevalentes. As famílias foram as maiores responsáveis pelo acesso dos pacientes à atenção domiciliar (45%). As lesões de membros inferiores foram as mais prevalentes (38%). Foi possível observar perfil de baixa escolaridade e renda nesses pacientes, além da presença majoritária de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, bem como a importância das famílias na busca de tratamento especializado. Conclusão: Para a reabilitação mais rápida dos pacientes, é necessária uma visão holística, relacionando todas as áreas da saúde e utilizando o conhecimento interdisciplinar para que ocorra maior efetividade do tratamento.
Adaptação cultural, índice de validade de conteúdo e confiabilidade interobservadores do The SACSTM Instrument: Assessing and classifying peristomal skin lesion
Authors: Invernizzi Silveira Néria , Boghossiam Lanza Leni
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: Adaptar The SACSTM Instrument: assessing and classifying peristomal skin lesion para a língua portuguesa do Brasil e avaliar o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC) e a concordância interobservadores. Método: Estudo tipo metodológico com abordagem quantitativa. A adaptação cultural foi desenvolvida por dois tradutores para a tradução e outros dois para a retrotradução. A concordância interobservadores ocorreu pela análise de 41 fotografias por dois enfermeiros estomaterapeutas. Resultados: O SACSTM obteve IVC = 1. A concordância para classificação das lesões foi de 41,18% e K = 0,2444, para localização topográfica foi 46,67% e K = 0,3151, resultando em concordância considerável e extremamente significante, com p < 0,001. Conclusão: O estudo atestou a versão adaptada para a língua portuguesa do Brasil e que necessita de capacitação dos enfermeiros estomaterapeutas e generalistas na prática clínica.
Breve análisis de la presencia de la perspectiva de género en los instrumentos internacionales de derechos humanos y en las sentencias de la Corte Interamericana
Authors: Anís Mónica , Gómez Vara Graciela , Torres Verónica
Published: October 2019

En este breve trabajo nos proponemos analizar las implicancias de algunos instrumentos internacionales de derechos humanos en lo relativo al derecho a la igualdad de mujeres y hombres y el afianzamiento de la perspectiva de género en el sistema interamericano.
A Resolution to the Vacuum Catastrophe
Authors: Tafazoli Siamak
Published: October 2019

This paper presents a theoretical estimate for the vacuum energy density which turns out to be near zero and thus much more palatable than an infinite or a very large theoretical value obtained by imposing an ultraviolet frequency cut-off. This result helps address the "vacuum catastrophe" and the "cosmological constant problem".
DEMONSTRATION AS AN EFFECTIVE TOOL IN LEARNING: SAUDI PHARMACY COLLEGE EXPERIENCE WITH INSULIN PEN ADMINISTRATION
Authors: Alshammari Elham
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Demonstration as a teaching technique has been identified in education. It is important to examine if it is an efficient method of learning. Materials and methods: Ten fifth-year Pharm. D. students volunteered to participate in a study of how demonstration affected their skill and communication with insulin pen administration. Students were scored before and after the demonstration using a 25-point checklist. Result and discussion: The results were in favour of demonstration with a significant increase of 11.3 points in the score. Conclusion: adopting a demonstration technique in the curricula has a positive impact.
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling in Paediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Alshammari Elham
Published: October 2019

Building pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics models that describe the relationship between drug concentration and its clinical response in different disease conditions and age groups should be emphasized. This review aims to explore modelling in case of bone marrow transplantation staring from bone marrow and immune system, transplantation process, immune reconstitution and graft versus host disease, the difference in case of children, to handling of data that arise from patients.
Emotional information-processing correlates of mental health in adolescence: A network analysis approach
Authors: Parsons Sam , Booth Charlotte , Songco Annabel , Fox Elaine
Published: October 2019

The Combined Cognitive Bias Hypothesis proposes that emotional information processing biases may conjointly influence mental health. Yet, little is known about the interrelationships amongst cognitive biases, particularly in adolescence. We used data from the CogBIAS longitudinal study (Booth et al. 2017), including 450 adolescents who completed measures of interpretation bias, memory bias, and a validated measure of general mental health in a typically developing population. We used a moderated network modelling approach to examine positive mental health related moderation of the cognitive bias network. We found that mental health was directly associated with positive and negative memory biases, and positive interpretation biases, but not negative interpretation biases. Further, we observed some mental health related moderation of the network structure. Network connectivity decreased with higher positive mental health scores. Network approaches allow us to model complex relationships amongst cognitive biases and develop novel hypotheses for future research.
Congruency sequence effect is modulated by the similarity of conflicts
Authors: Yang Guochun , Xu Honghui , Zhenghan Li , Nan Weizhi , Wu Haiyan , Qi Li , Liu Xun
Published: October 2019

Congruence effect can be modulated by adjacent conflict conditions, producing congruency sequence effect (CSE). However, there are boundary conditions preventing the transfer of cross-conflict CSE. Intensive discussions have been made on whether CSE reflects top-down control or bottom-up associative learning, but neither could perfectly interpret the various boundary conditions. Their imperfection recently inspired an integrative associative learning account of cognitive control, which predicted that conflict similarity affects the magnitude of the cross-conflict CSE. We examined this hypothesis by introducing a compound condition containing both spatial Stroop and Simon components in Experiment 1. The conflict similarity was defined by the amount of component overlap, as manipulated by the polar angle of the target arrow in Experiments 2a and 2b and by the Euclidean distance of the target arrow in Experiments 3a and 3b, respectively. Mixed-effect modeling analyses indicated that in all experiments, the cross-conflict CSEs were positively correlated to the similarity of the two conflict conditions. Specifically, the compound condition with the same amount of Stroop and Simon components generated comparable CSE with both Stroop and Simon conditions (Experiment 1). When the compound condition was more similar to the Stroop than the Simon condition, a trend of larger CSE was observed between the compound conflict and the Stroop condition than between the compound conflict and the Simon condition, and vice versa (Experiments 2 and 3). Our study revealed that the continuum of the cross-conflict CSE was modulated by conflict similarity, hence supporting the associative learning account of cognitive control.
Neighborhood street activity and greenspace usage uniquely contribute to predicting crime
Authors: Schertz Kathryn E , Saxon James , Cardenas-Iniguez Carlos , Bettencourt Luis , Ding Yi , Hoffmann Hank , Berman Marc
Published: October 2019

Crime is a costly societal issue. While many factors influence urban crime, one less-studied but potentially important factor is neighborhood greenspace. Research has shown that greenspace is often negatively associated with crime. Measuring residents’ use of greenspace, as opposed to mere physical presence, is critical to understanding this association. Here, we used cell phone mobility data to quantify local street activity and park visits in Chicago and New York City. We found that both factors were negatively associated with crime, while controlling for socio-demographic factors. Each factor explained unique variance, suggesting multiple pathways for the influence of street activity and greenspace on crime. Physical tree canopy had a smaller association with crime, and was only a significant predictor in Chicago. These findings were further supported by exploratory directed acyclic graph modeling, which found separate direct paths for both park visits and street activity with reductions in crime.
Retrospective Study of Craniovertebral Junction (CVJ) Anomalies: A Clinical Profile and Outcome Analysis of Surgically Treated Patients
Authors: Paudel Prakash , Khadka Nilam K , Shrestha Dipak , Bista Prakash , Sharma Gopal R
Published: October 2019

Craniovertebral junction (CVJ) is a complex anatomic region providing stability and mobility to the most important part of the craniospinal axis. The purpose of this study is to analyse clinical characteristics and outcome after surgical management of patients with CVJ anomalies presented to Neurosurgery department, Bir hospital Kathmandu Nepal. A retrospective analysis of 21 patients, managed surgically for craniovertebral instability between 2013 and 2017, was performed. Imaging studies were reviewed for bony and soft tissue details. Patients managed with posterior approach alone  (either occipitocervical fusion or C1-2 fusion with or without bony decompression) were included in the study. Outcome was assessed by comparing pre and post operative Nurick grade. Most common causes of CVJ instability were non union of old odontoid fracture (38.1%)and OsOdontoidium (38.1%). 76.2% had intramedullary high signal intensities in T2 weighted MRI while 90% had cervicomedullary compression. Pre operatively, 52.38% had Nurick grading scale of 4 to 5 while 47.62%had 0-3 Nurick grade scale. Post operatively, 71.42% improved clinically, 23.80% remained unchanged while one patient deteriorated. Mean duration of follow up was 20.87 months (6-60 months). Pre operative Nurick grade was significantly associated with post operative outcome (p=0.042). Early surgical intervention is associated with better clinical outcome. Larger prospective study with clinical and radiological follow up is recommended.
Clinoidal Meningioma associated with an Anterior communicating Artery Aneurysm : Case Report
Authors: Sharma Rajan Kumar , Jha Rajeev , Bista Prakash
Published: October 2019

Coexistence of primary brain neoplasm’s with intracranial aneurysms is rare but presents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to healthcare providers. We describe the case of a 46-year-old lady who had an anterior communicating aneurysm with a small left clinoidal meningioma. The meningioma was an unexpected finding encountered during the surgery for aneurysmal clipping. Both the lesions were dealt with simultaneously.
Schwannoma Presenting As Pituitary Macroadenoma: Case Report
Authors: Poudel Hari , Bhandari Rajeev , Khambu Bikesh Kumar , Shrestha Rajendra , Jha Rajeev , Bista Prakash
Published: October 2019

Schwannoma is common intracranial tumor. They are benign tumor arising from Cranial nerves or peripheral nerves. Majority of these tumors occur at Cerebellopontine angle. 54-year right handed lady presented with history of progressive loss of vision on both eyes for last five years. It started on her left eye initially pronounced on lateral field which gradually progressed to involve right eye. MRI of brain showed a well-defined mass of size 39*35*29mm in sellar region extending to suprasellar region with T1 is intensity and T2 hyperintensity. Endonasal trans-sphenoidal resection of lesion was done guided by navigation. Surprisingly histopathology turned out to be Schwannoma.
A Comparative Study of LIS Accreditation Frameworks in Australia, New Zealand, United States, and Canada
Authors: Gibbons Leisa , White Hollie
Published: October 2019

As Library and Information Science (LIS) educators, we teach our students about the changing and evolving role of the information professional in the twenty-first century. For many educators around the world, accreditation of LIS programs also shapes and legitimizes curriculum. This comparative study of the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand seeks to identify similarities and differences in accreditation frameworks. This research shows that similarities and differences exist in programs, course designs, delivery methods, accreditation models, program specializations, and engagement with information science as a discipline. In conclusion we ask five critical questions about Australian LIS education and propose three areas for future research, including evaluating the purpose of accreditation.
A Content Analysis of Errors in MLIS Students’ Online Searching Assignments
Authors: Ondrusek Anita , Ren Xiaoai , Yang Changwoo
Published: October 2019

Very few formal studies have documented the errors committed in online searching performances, and none have focused exclusively on students in library and information science programs. To fill this gap, the authors conducted a content analysis of online searching errors of MLIS students based upon a coding scheme derived from previous error typologies and enhanced with new categories related to strategic searching decisions. The results suggest that errors committed by MLIS students align with errors identified in previous online searching studies but also include errors that seem unique to the MLIS participants’ searching outcomes. Using observed error patterns, the authors suggest instructional activities that can be developed to teach techniques for error correction and avoiding tactical and strategic flaws in online searching assignments.
E-İhale Kapsamında Avrupa Birliği ve Türk Kamu Alımları’nda Dinamik Alım Sistemi’nin Karşılaştırmalı Analizi
Authors: GÜRBÜZ Aysun
Published: October 2019

İlk kez 2004 yılında

düzenlenen Avrupa Birliği (AB) kamu alım direktiflerinde kendisine yer bulan elektronik

ihale (e-ihale) uygulamaları, kamu alımlarının sadece kağıt ortamından elektronik

ortama aktarılmasını sağlamayacak aynı zamanda kamu alımlarının daha şeffaf,

objektif, rekabetçi uygulanarak usulsüzlük ve yolsuzlukların önüne geçilmesi ve

küçük ve orta boy işletmelerin (KOBİ)’lerin kamu alımlarına daha fazla

katılımına imkan tanıyan devrim niteliğinde bir gelişme teşkil edecektir. Bu

bağlamda 2004 yılında ilk kez düzenlenen ve 2014 yılında işleyişi

sadeleştirilip basitleştirilen Dinamik Alım Sistemi de (DAS) tamamen elektronik

ortamda gerçekleştirilen ve sisteme başvuru aşamasında yeterlilik kriterlerini

sağlayan tüm isteklilerin alım kapsamındaki tüm kategorilere katılımına açık

olan yenilikçi bir usul olarak gelecek vaad etmektedir. Bu makalenin amacı,

AB’de Dinamik Alım Sistemi’nin nasıl uygulandığını incelemek ve Türk Kamu Alım

Mevzuatı’na aktarılabilmesine ışık tutmaktır. Çalışma sonucunda Dinamik Alım

Sistemi’nin başta çerçeve anlaşmalara kıyasla daha rekabetçi bir alım olduğu ve

şayet isteklilere iyi öğretilirse birçok usulün yerini alabilme potansiyeli

bulunduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
İrrasyonel İnanışların İş Tatminine Etkisinde Algılanan Örgüt Desteğinin Aracı Rolü
Authors: ÇOŞAR Bora
Published: October 2019

Araştırmanın amacı irrasyonel inanışların iş tatminine etkisinde algılanan örgüt desteğinin aracı rolünün ortaya konmasıdır. Kolayda örnekleme yöntemine göre İstanbul Beylikdüzü bölgesinde bulunan banka şubesi çalışanlarıyla anket yapılarak elde edilen veriler, Baron ve Kenny’nin (1986) üç aşamalı metodolojisi ışığında analiz edilmiştir. 272 kişinin katılımıyla gerçekleştirilen çalışmada, örgüt üyelerinden demografik etkenlerle ilgili beş, irrasyonel inanışlarla ilgili 17, algılanan örgütsel destekle ilgili sekiz ve iş tatminiyle ilgili 14 ifadeye cevap vermeleri istenmiştir. Bu bağlamda SPSS 25 ve Excel 2016 programlarında gerçekleştirilen analizler ışığında algılanan örgütsel desteğin, irrasyonel inanışların iş tatminine etkisinde kısmi bir şekilde aracı rolü olduğu görülmüştür.
Çalışma Sermayesine İlişkin Finansal Oranların İşletme Karlılığına Etkisi: BİST İmalat Sektöründe Bir Uygulama
Authors: AKYÜZ Hande Seda
Published: October 2019

Bu çalışmanın

amacı çalışma sermayesinin işletme karlılığına etkilerini finansal oranlar

aracılığıyla ortaya koymaktır. Bu doğrultuda Borsa İstanbul’da yer alan imalat

sektöründeki 160 şirketin 2010 – 2018 yılları arası finansal oranları

hesaplanmıştır. Çalışmada bağımsız değişkenler; cari oran, alacak devir hızı,

alacakların tahsil süresi, stok devir hızı, stokta kalma süresi, nakde dönüşme

süresi oranları dikkate alınmıştır. Bağımlı değişkenler ise  satışların karlılığı, aktif karlılık ve öz

kaynak karlılığıdır. Bu değişkenlerin birbirilerine olan etkilerinin tespit

edilmesi amacıyla her bağımlı değişken için model kurulmuş olup çalışmada panel

veri analizi, eş bütünleşme analizi ve regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır.

Analiz sonuçlarına göre, birinci model için,

bağımsız değişkenlerin satışların karlılığı arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu

tespit edilerek, stokta kalma süresi negatif bir etkiye sahipken, diğer

bağımsız değişkenler pozitif bir etkiye sahiptir. İkinci modele bakıldığında

bağımsız değişkenlerin aktif karlılık üzerinde anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu

görülmüş, alacak tahsil süresinin ve stokta kalma süresinin aktif karlılığı

üzerinde negatif bir etkiye sahipken diğer değişkenler pozitif bir etkiye

sahiptir. Üçüncü modelde ise bu 6 değişkenin öz kaynak karlılığı üzerinde eş

bütünleşme sonucuna göre uzun dönemli bir ilişki vardır. Fakat model bir bütün

olarak anlamlı çıkmadığı için değerlendirilmemekte ve yorumlama

yapılamamaktadır.
TÜRK HAVAYOLU ÖRGÜTLERİNİN KURUMSAL SOSYAL SORUMLULUKLARI
Authors: KURT Yeşim
Published: October 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı

Türkiye’deki havayolu örgütlerinin kurumsal sosyal sorumlulukla ilgili

faaliyetlerinin neler olduğunu ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaca ulaşabilmek adına nitel

araştırma yönteminden faydalanılmıştır. Araştırma alanını 8 havayolu örgütü

oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama yöntemi olarak birincil veri kaynağı

olarak yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler; ikincil veri kaynağı olarak da belge

incelemesi kullanılmaktadır. Görüşmelerdeki katılımcılar, amaçlı örneklem

yöntemiyle seçilmiştir. Bu kapsamda, havayolu örgütlerinin kurumsal sosyal

sorumlulukla ilgili yöneticileriyle görüşülmüştür. Belge incelemesi için de

havayollarının web sitelerinde, basın bültenlerinde, duyurular ve

sürdürülebilirlik raporlarında paylaştıkları bilgilerden faydalanılmıştır. Araştırmada

toplanan nitel veriler NVivo 12 programı aracılığıyla tümevarımsal yöntemle

analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda, 4 tema, 12 kategori ve 11 alt kategoriye

ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, havayolu örgütleri ekonomik, yasal,

etik ve gönüllülük olmak üzere 4 temel boyutta faaliyetler

gerçekleştirmektedir. Bu boyutlar altında, çevreye, müşterilere, topluma,

yöneticiler ve çalışanlara yönelik uygulamaların çoğunlukta olduğu tespit

edilmiştir.
Cover JTT
Authors: Polindra JTT
Published: October 2019

Cover JTT vol 5 no 2 tahun 2019
Caregiver Burden and Related Factors Among Caregivers of Patients with Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1
Authors: Kurauchi Go , Endo Makiko , Odaira Kaori , Ono Ryohei , Koseki Atsushi , Goto Momoko , Sato Yumi , Kon Seiko , Watanabe Norio , Sugawara Norio , Kimura En , Takada Hiroto
Published: October 2019

Background:

Multi-systemic symptoms of varying severity in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) may pose difficulties in caregiving. However, the factors which affect their care burden are yet to be sufficiently understood.

Objective:

We investigated care burden and its correlates among caregivers of patients with DM1.

Methods:

General demographic information was obtained from patients with DM1, as well as Barthel index (ADL), body mass index, and genetic information. Patients completed SF-36v2 (health-related quality of life), CES-D (depressive symptoms), and ESS (daytime sleepiness) questionnaires. Caregivers reported their perception of patient’s status through these questionnaires, and completed Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (ZBI). Correlation analysis of these variables were performed, and regression analysis was utilized to assess the relationship between caregiver burden and other variables.

Results:

Forty-three patient-caregiver dyads participated. Mean ZBI score was 20.7±17.4, and 32.6% reported a significant care burden. ZBI correlated with caregiver-reported CES-D, but not with patient-reported CES-D. Both patient-reported and caregiver-reported physical QoL of patients correlated with patient ADL. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the combination of caregiver-reported CES-D, caregiver-reported mental QoL, and genetic characteristics predicted caregiver burden.

Conclusions:

Caregiver burden was felt although patients were relatively well-functioning. Patients’ and caregivers’ assessment of patients’ physical condition were similar. However, they did not agree on the evaluation of the patients’ psychological state. Cognitive characteristic of the patients and the caregivers’ perception of the patients’ state may have affected the results. Future DM1 care strategies need to work on improvement of patient-caregiver communication and provide support for the caregiver’s psychological health.