bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La licencia urbanística de obras como indicador de los procesos de renovación de los destinos turísticos maduros de litoral
Authors: Simancas Cruz Moisés , Dorta Rodríguez Agustín , Dávila Mamely Héctor
Published: April 2017

La renovación de la oferta de alojamiento turístico constituye uno de los ejes claves de las múltiples estrategias de reestructuración de los destinos turísticos en fase de declive, e incluso, decadencia. Su medición implica la utilización de indicadores mensurables. Uno de ello es el número de licencias urbanísticas de obra otorgadas para acometer operaciones de renovación edificatoria (física) en tales establecimientos. Este trabajo plantea las potencialidades y debilidades de su uso, así como la metodología para el análisis de procesos de regeneración de áreas turísticas maduras. Para ello se utiliza como ejemplo lo sucedido en Puerto de la Cruz entre 1950 y 2009, uno de los destinos turístico primigenios de las Islas Canarias (España).
A Local Study on Antenatal Features of Preterm Births at 26-32 Versus 33-36 Weeks of Pregnancy
Authors: Varol Fusun , Er Nuray , Sut Necdet , Sayin Cenk N.
Published: April 2017

Objective: The antenatal features of pregnancies affect the incidence of preterm births. This retrospective study from Trakya University of Northwestern Turkey, describes antenatal factors involved in preterm births at 26-32 weeks of pregnancy and compares with those involved in preterm births at 33-36 weeks.Study Design: The records of preterm births at 26-32 weeks (earlier preterm births, n=419) and at 33-36 weeks (later preterm births, n=158) during the years 2002-2010 were reviewed and the demographic, obstetric and medical features were evaluated retrospectively. The data was expressed as numbers and percentages and analyzed by SPSS 20.0. Results: Iron supplementation [OR 0.27 (0.16-0.45), p=<0.001], short cervix [OR 9.12 (2.09-39.73) p=0.003] and infection [OR 2.6 (1.2-5.6) p=0.014] were important factors in the emergence of earlier preterm births which occurred at the rate of 1.4%.Conclusions: Earlier preterm births at 26-32 weeks of pregnancy, which compose an obstetric issue, are associated with several antenatal risk factors such as nutrition, cervical problems and infections in Northwestern Turkey.
Funkcjonowanie osoby stopniowo tracącej wzrok w przestrzeni edukacyjno-rehabilitacyjnej
Authors: Czerwińska Kornelia
Published: April 2017

Tekst składa się z dwóch podstawowych części. W pierwszej zawarto teoretyczną analizę wpływu wrodzonej niepełnosprawności progresywnej na bieg życia, ze szczególnym zwróceniem uwagi na takie obszary, jak edukacja i funkcjonowanie społeczne. W drugiej zaś opisano indywidualny przypadek przebiegu edukacji osoby z postępującą słabowzrocznością na tle przemian polityczno-społecznych, jakie miały miejsce w Polsce w ostatnich czterech dekadach.
Ważność etyki normatywnej dla kształtowania kultury moralnej młodego pokolenia. Refleksja w świetle nauczania Karola Wojtyły – św. Jana Pawła II i jego uczniów
Authors: Sztaba Mariusz
Published: April 2017

Jan Paweł II przypomniał w siedzibie UNESCO w Paryżu dnia 2 czerwca 1980 roku, że kultura moralna jest pierwszym i podstawowym wymiarem każdej autentycznej kultury będącej „właściwym kształtem życia człowieka jako takiego”. Młody człowiek powinien nabywać kulturę moralną m.in. na drodze edukacji, tzn. kształcenia i wychowania. Ważnym elementem w tej pracy jest etyczny namysł nad życiem i działaniem człowieka. Jednak nie każda etyka (model etyczny, kierunek etyczny) służy wspomnianemu procesowi. Proponowany artykuł prezentuje główne idee etyki normatywnej w odniesieniu do kultury moralnej w myśli filozoficzno-teologicznej Karola Wojtyły – św. Jana Pawła II.
Ethics education and curriculum proposals for the construction of common life
Authors: Doğan Nejla
Published: April 2017

Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia tezę, że współczesne wychowanie moralne oparte na religii nie spełnia swojej roli z powodu braku dostosowania do warunków społecznych i złożoności problemów nękających obecnie świat. Teza ta została omówiona na przykładzie Turcji. W czasach szerokiego rozpowszechnienia mass mediów i innych narzędzi społecznej komunikacji opieranie etyki wyłącznie na moralności religijnej jest nie tylko nierealistyczne, ale może również prowadzić do dodatkowych konfliktów na tle ideologicznym. Dlatego niezbędne wydaje się poszukiwanie innej uniwersalnej podstawy dla budowania wspólnego życia ludzi o różnych światopoglądach i wierzeniach. Za najważniejsze autorka uważa dążenie do uniwersalnego pojęcia moralności, które będzie niezależne od czasu, miejsca, społeczeństwa czy jednostki. W związku z tym jest ona zdania, że etyczny sposób myślenia i zachowania powinien być oparty raczej na wartościach świeckich niż na religijnych. W dalszej kolejności postuluje wprowadzenie do szkolnych programów nauczania edukacji etycznej ukierunkowanej racjonalistycznie. Wyraża przy tym sprzeciw wobec koncepcji etycznych formułowanych przez myślicieli postmodernistycznych, którzy relatywizują moralność.
Sensory Garden for an Inclusive Society
Authors: Hussein Hazreena , Omar Zaliha , Ishak Syaidatul Azzreen
Published: April 2017

This paper introduces a joint program between the University of Malaya and Kuala Lumpur City Hall undertaking the Therapeutic Sensory Stimulation Garden at University of Malaya Medical Centre to promote an inclusive society through sensory therapy. Good universal design practices of sensory gardens visited in the UK, Singapore, and Hong Kong is highlighted. Outcomes showed that users’ engagement with the landscape features promotes positive developments in social behaviours. In contrary, it proved a limited partnership between practitioners, researchers, authorities and users as well as non-availability of design guidelines for these gardens. Both outcomes are a significant argument in the conclusion.2398-4295 © 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK.. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: Inclusive society; sensory garden; sensory therapy; universal design
Achieving quantum supremacy with sparse and noisy commuting quantum computations
Authors: Bremner Michael J. , Montanaro Ashley , Shepherd Dan J.
Published: April 2017

The class of commuting quantum circuits known as IQP (instantaneous quantum polynomial-time) has been shown to be hard to simulate classically, assuming certain complexity-theoretic conjectures. Here we study the power of IQP circuits in the presence of physically motivated constraints. First, we show that there is a family of sparse IQP circuits that can be implemented on a square lattice of n qubits in depth O(sqrt(n) log n), and which is likely hard to simulate classically. Next, we show that, if an arbitrarily small constant amount of noise is applied to each qubit at the end of any IQP circuit whose output probability distribution is sufficiently anticoncentrated, there is a polynomial-time classical algorithm that simulates sampling from the resulting distribution, up to constant accuracy in total variation distance. However, we show that purely classical error-correction techniques can be used to design IQP circuits which remain hard to simulate classically, even in the presence of arbitrary amounts of noise of this form. These results demonstrate the challenges faced by experiments designed to demonstrate quantum supremacy over classical computation, and how these challenges can be overcome.
PERSPECTIVAS PARA IMPLANTAÇÃO DE UMA ESTRUTURA DE CARREIRA EM UMA COOPERATIVA DE CRÉDITO
Authors: Bigliardi Leandra , Diehl Liciane
Published: April 2017

A construção de um plano de carreira na organização onde exista um processo de gestão compartilhada, sendo o indivíduo protagonista da sua carreira e a empresa responsável pelo gerenciamento de oportunidades, é o caminho para o sucesso de ambos. O objetivo geral deste estudo é avaliar qual a melhor estrutura de plano de carreira para implementação em uma cooperativa de crédito. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa, cuja técnica de coleta de dados deu-se por benchmarketing e a análise dos dados ocorreu por análise interpretativa. Este trabalho contribuiu para demonstrar como é importante, para a valorização dos funcionários, possuir um plano de carreira na empresa. O estudo mostrou também que são poucas empresas que conseguem, efetivamente, aplicar de forma harmônica esse projeto, e que a estrutura mais observada é a Paralelas, mais conhecida como Y. Além das contribuições para a cooperativa, espera-se que este estudo seja um estímulo para que cada indivíduo pense na sua carreira profissional.
COMO A CULTURA ORGANIZACIONAL INFLUENCIA NA ATUAÇÃO DOS LÍDERES
Authors: Lanzini Bastos Priscila , Cyrne Carlos Candido da Silva
Published: April 2017

Este artigo objetivou analisar na literatura a influência que a cultura organizacional tem sobre a atuação dos líderes empresariais. Havendo como objetivos específicos: Realizar um levantamento da literatura sobre cultura organizacional e liderança; Comparar, em diferentes estudos científicos, a influência que a cultura organizacional tem sobre a liderança empresarial; Identificar as culturas organizacionais que mais contribuem para o sucesso dos líderes, liderados e consequentemente para as empresas. A metodologia foi um estudo exploratório e bibliográfico, realizado através de análise qualitativa e bibliometria. Os resultados demonstraram que cultura e liderança se confundem no contexto da literatura, visto que o impacto ocorre da cultura sobre a liderança e da liderança sobre a cultura. Além disso, não há uma liderança ou uma cultura que seja melhor ou pior de modo geral, apenas lideranças e culturas que melhor se adaptam ao contexto atual da organização e da necessidade do setor que a empresa atua.
Hometown Community Church: Opportunities and Challenges of Continued Growth
Authors: Stone Mary F. , Erickson Sheri L.
Published: April 2017

Hometown Community Church is a not-for-profit (NFP) organization that is faced with substantial attendee growth and the corresponding challenges that come with increasing demand. Located in the Midwest, Hometown Community Church has grown over the past several decades from a few dozen parishioners to a church with two building sites and increasing attendance. As growth continues, three alternatives are presented to help alleviate the space crunch. The business and accounting topics that this case addresses include:•The necessity and usefulness of accounting information in NFP enterprise decisions.•The need to make well-informed and well-analyzed choices when “business” is good, not just when “business” is bad.•The analysis, in a NFP, of management decision-making scenarios, such as make or buy, adding a second branch “store,” and capacity constraints.•The discussion of both quantitative and qualitative data in the decision-making process.
Private Control Benefits and Informative Earnings Smoothing: Evidence from Dual Class Share Firms
Authors: Tinaikar Surjit
Published: April 2017

This study explores the relationship between firms' tendencies to smooth earnings and the perception that firms may face of extracting private control benefits. Using a direct estimate of private control benefits that is routinely priced by noncontrolling parties, this study documents that such firms face high capital market costs, which induces them to disclose more private information through earnings smoothing. Furthermore, these results are observed primarily in less developed stock markets where disclosure costs due to information uncertainty are low and therefore the disclosure is more likely to be valued and correctly understood by market participants.
Culturas de profesores y reformas educativas
Authors: Oviedo Villavicencio José Francisco , Oviedo González Eilen
Published: April 2017

Las políticas educativas en la Educación Media Superior, significan en el momento presente, intentos de mejora de estos incidentes sociodemográficos, que además, se incorporan a un Sistema Educativo que está siendo cuestionado en sus resultados, ya que estudiantes han resultado reprobados en todas las evaluaciones internacionales del Programa Internacional de Evaluación de los Alumnos (PISA por sus siglas en Inglés) de Educación Básica (EB) desde 2000 a 2015, inclusive nacionales como la Evaluación Nacional de Logro Académico en Centros Escolares (ENLACE) desde 2008 a 2013, notándose alguna evolución en los índices de aprovechamiento pero siempre debajo del promedio internacional, y manteniéndose cercanos al 64% de la matrícula en los niveles inferiores de evaluación, como lo han sido los resultados de la hoy extinta prueba de ENLACE 2013, insuficientes y elementales, por ejemplo, en la habilidad matemática en el nivel de Educación Media Superior.El profesor, que ha construido un currículum real (Ramsden,1992 citado por Biggs, 2003) que ha perdido su vigencia frente a las exigencias de las reformas educativas de la última década, ha sido cuestionado por estos resultados, al igual que el Sistema Educativo mismo, centralizado y corporativo (Ornelas, 1995), que se encuentra al centro de las miradas de una Sociedad que manifiesta inconformidad con los informes de la evaluación del desempeño no solo de sus estudiantes, sino de sus docentes al presentarse a prueba para el ingreso, permanencia y promoción del Servicio Profesional Docente. La presente investigación tiene como propósito establecer el estado de esta temática actualmente y sus avances acerca de  l a forma de actuación que tiene el profesor de la Educación Media Superior frente a la implementación de la política educativa.Lo cierto es que la actuación del profesor ante los nuevos enfoques y modelos de enseñanza que las reformas exigen, requiere mejorar su práctica docente y ampliar su repertorio de gestión en el aula con nuevas estrategias didácticas para lograr el máximo logro académico de los educandos.
Estimation of Properties of Liquid-Vapor Mixture of Some Refrigerants at High Pressure for Solar- Photovoltaic Refrigeration
Authors: A. Abdallah El Hadj  , M. Laidi  , C. Si-Moussa  , S. Hanini
Published: April 2017

In this work, a hybrid method based on neural network and particle swarm optimization is applied to literature data to develop and validate a model that can predict with precision vapor–liquid equilibrium data for the binary systems (hexafluoroethane (R116(1)), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a) and R1234ze) . ANN was used for modelling the non-linear process. The PSO was used for two purposes: replacing the standard back propagation in training the ANN and optimizing the process. The training and validation strategy has been focused on the use of a validation agreement vector, determined from linear regression analysis of the predicted versus experimental outputs, as an indication of the predictive ability of the neural network model. Statistical analysis of the predictability of the optimized neural network model shows excellent agreement with experimental data (coefficient of correlation equal to 0.998). Furthermore, the comparison in terms of average relative deviation (AARD%) between, the predicted results for the whole temperature and pressure range shows that the ANN- PSO model can predict far better the mixture properties than cubic equations of state.
Modeling and Simulation of an induction machine in the abc-reference frame using inversion of a matrix by partitioning
Authors: R. Dimitrovski  , M. Luther
Published: April 2017

This paper describes an alternative mathematical model for simulation of a symmetrical induction machine in the abc-reference frame. It has been mathematically proven that the inverted matrix can be computed without the need of matrix inversion. Instead the elements in main diagonal of the inverted matrix are precomputed and the elements of the secondary matrix are calculated only as a function of the rotor angle. The performance of the model has been verified by comparison with the conventional model which uses matrix inversion. The comparison has been done by observing the induction machine variables during free (no-load) acceleration and showed no differences in the results between the two models. The comparison has also shown that model proposed in this paper needs less computational effort.
Influence of HVDC P2P Links on Static Voltage Stability in Transmission Grids with High Shares of Renewable Energy
Authors: F. Bennewitz  , N. Hoesch  , J. Hanson
Published: April 2017

The Energiewende with the massive installation of renewable energy sources (RES) in the distribution grid leads to major changes in the transmission system. RES are often installed at sites with a high yield of primary energy, which results in higher average transmission distances. Thus, reactive power demand increases, which affects static voltage stability. To address these challenges, technologies like High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Point-to-Point (P2P) links will be used in the transmission grid. Within this paper an iterative load-flow algorithm is proposed to evaluate voltage stability margins, i.e. the distance from the actual operating point to the stability limit regarding active power transmission. Due to the possibility of modern Voltage Source Converters (VSC) to control active and reactive power independently, voltage stability limit is investigated for different loadings of the HVDC P2P links. A 58 bus-transmission grid representing the German transmission system is used, where regional distributed renewable feed-in as well as three HVDC P2P links are applied. The dispatch of conventional power plants is determined through a merit-order approach. Results show that HVDC-links can have a positive effect on voltage stability depending on their power transmission. The choice of the operating point can therefore be crucial for voltage stability.
Power Quality Analysis in an Industrial Electrical System by Probability Density Function
Authors: G. B. Gibelli  , M. Oleskovicz  , J. C. M. Vieira
Published: April 2017

This research aimed to analyze the Power Quality (PQ) in an Industrial Electrical System (IES) through event classification by applying the Probability Density Function (PDF). The aim is to obtain PQ indicators that enable an informative action (warning sign) for the protection devices associated through the classification of disturbances conducted by PDF. The methodology and results are based on the modeling and simulation of a real IES containing Three Phase Induction Motors (TPIM), using the DIgSILENT PowerFactory software. The modeling was performed to generate representative situations of IES operation featuring short duration voltage variations. The classification of the situations by the proposed methodology could be initially checked by observing this disturbance. Satisfactory results attest to the potential of the approach developed until now.
Supervision of Community Based Microgrids: an Economic Model Predictive Control approach
Authors: Francesco Tedesco  , Lubna Mariam  , Malabika Basu  , Alessandro Casavola  , Michael F. Conlon
Published: April 2017

In this paper, an Economic Model Predictive Control (EMPC) approach has been presented to manage a Community-based microgrid (C-µGCC) at the pricing level. The main task is at satisfying the demand at prosumer sides and, at the same time, optimizing various µ-Grid contrasting objectives. Emphasis has been given to the operational con straints related to the components lifetime, whose satisfaction would be beneficial for the grid in that the maintenance and replacement costs would be reduced. A simulative analysis has been carried out on the basis of available measured data related to a location in Dublin, Ireland. Results show the effectiveness of implementing the EMPC approach to optimally manage the system.
Decentralised, Sustainable Energy Solutions for Remote Areas
Authors: C.Facchin  , A.Waterworth  , W.Weston
Published: April 2017

This report investigates the potential use and applicability of small scale, renewable energy sources (namely wind, hydro and solar power) in remote communities (specifically in India, Nepal, the USA and the South Atlantic). The report finds that hydro, wind and solar power can all be used to generate small scale off-grid energy. However, different locations require different methods of energy generation based on their climate and geography; for example the relatively flat and arid South Dakota (USA) is not suited for hydropower. Conversely, Uttar Pradesh (India) has low wind speeds and so wind power is not a viable option there. The report also notes the limitations of this study and makes recommendations for future investigation.
Motor Current Demodulation Analysis applied with Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithms for Rotor Bar Faults Diagnosis
Authors: Z.M.  Taïb  , M.  Hasni  , O Touhami  , R. Ibtiouen
Published: April 2017

Our Work come in forward of several investigations in motor diagnosis field combining the use of Motor current demodulation analysis (MCDA) and the multilayer feed-forward artificial neural networks (ANNs) optimized by genetic algorithms (GAs). ANNs are used effectively to recognize Broken Rotor bar Faults severity. The novelty in this work is that proposed methodology is based on the extraction of fault components from the spectrum of both current amplitude and phase modulation (AM and PM), AM and PM signals are extracted by signal demodulation techniques from the measured stator current ; this methodology have provided more accurate results on faulty tested motors at different loads.
Dynamic Behaviour of Multi-Terminal VSC-Based HVDC after a Converter Outage: DC Control Strategy
Authors: F. Gonzalez-Longatt  , S. Arnaltes  , J.L. Rodríguez-Amenedo
Published: April 2017

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effect of DC-voltage control strategy on dynamic behaviour of multi-terminal Voltage Source Converter (VSC)-Based HVDC after a converter outage. In this paper, two dc voltage control strategies are considered: (i) standard voltage margin method (SVMM) and (ii) standard voltage-droop method (SVDM). The impact is evaluated in this paper using time-domain simulations on simple test system using DIgSILENT® PowerFactoryTM considering a sudden disconnection of a converter-station. Simulation results demonstrate how important is the dc-voltage control strategy and the location/number of dc-buses involved in the dc-voltage on the dynamic response of the MTDC systems. The voltage margin control is capable to survive a converter outage just if this converter is operating on constant power mode.
Design Procedures and Analysis for Single-Phase Variable Reluctance Motors
Authors: A. C. F. Mamede  , J. R. Camacho  , D. A. Andrade
Published: April 2017

Variable reluctance motors have been increasingly used as an alternative for variable speed drives in many industrial applications, due to many advantages like it's construction simplicity, robustness, and low cost. For low power applications, the single-phase variable reluctance motors stands out because the simplicity of the drive contributes to the cost reduction of the machine. This paper presents a design methodology for single-phase variable reluctance motors and a way to survey of ideal profiles of inductance and torque produced by the motor through computational simulation using finite element methods. The simulation is performed for various currents in order to determine the maximum motor operating current through the analysis from the saturation of magnetic materials. In addition, an analysis is made on the influence and importance of rotor and stator polar arcs in the design of reluctance motors based on its driving system. The prototype has been designed to replace a single-phase induction motor with 0.18 kW and has four poles on stator and rotor, the nominal power is 0.125 kW and can deliver up 0.30 kW when operated with the maximum allowed current.
Reduction of medium voltage distribution network losses through the reactive power generation in PV systems
Authors: N. Srećković  , E. Belič  , K. Dežan  , M. Rošer  , M. Trbušić  , Gorazd Štumberger
Published: April 2017

With inevitable increase in numbers of distributed generation units connected within the distribution network (DN), different aspects of their impact on DN operation must be evaluated. This paper deals with the problem of reactive power generation from photovoltaic (PV) systems, connected to the DN, and technical and economic benefits that can be achieved on DN operation with its optimal generation. Detailed consideration of four existing medium voltage DNs with their time-dependent loading and PV generation profiles, allowed the evaluation of annual losses of electric energy, for different scenarios of reactive power generation. Furthermore, the resulting financial savings were assessed as well. Results show that with reactive power generation from installed PV units, meeting the actual needs of the network, losses can be significantly reduced and financial savings achieved.
Optimal ESS Scheduling considering Demand Response for Electricity Charge Minimization under Time of Use Price
Authors: Kyeong-hee Cho  , Seul-ki Kim  , Jong-yul Kim  , Eung-sang Kim  , Yun-su Kim  , Chang-hee Cho
Published: April 2017

A dependency of the world on electrical energy has been increasing according to development of industry. To meet increasing power demand, existing generators have been expanded or new generators have been installed continually. But currently, the social acceptance for installing a new plant is difficult due to electromagnetic effects on human body, environmental pollutions, and so on. Therefore supply is not, demand side management (DSM) is need. In recently, various methods of DSM have researched for a long time. Among them, this paper suggests method of optimal ESS scheduling considering demand response (DR) for electricity charge minimization under time of use (TOU) price. The DR is considered as price based programs and incentive based programs. In case study, load of a practical industrial customer was managed by the proposed DSM method. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the method.
Generation of Synthetic Electrical Load Profiles for Rural Communities in Developing Countries - Applied in Fiji
Authors: D. Norta  , S. Kopietz  , S. Hien  , S. Neshvad  , Fiji-Team
Published: April 2017

The electricity supply of developing countries undergoes massive changes. Due to the high dependency on fossil fuel imports, a lot of developing nations support the implementation of renewable generation schemes. To install an economical generation setup the generation capacity, as well as the consumption has to be balanced. Due to the often weak electricity infrastructure like the non-availability of a grid connection the systems have to operate most likely in the stand alone mode. Therefore, it is important to predict the consumption patterns of the supplied society. A program to create easily synthesized load profiles for a target community, by collecting simple information about the connected consumers and operation times, is proposed to help within the design process of a power system.
Models for Fault Current Limiters based on Superconductor Materials
Authors: A. Etxegarai  , I. Zamora  , G. Buigues  , V. Valverde  , E. Torres  , P. Eguia
Published: April 2017

The present paper introduces the main electric applications of superconducting materials, focusing on Superconducting Fault Current Limiters (SFCL). In recent years, short-circuit current values have increased, mainly due to a higher penetration of distributed generation. Fault Current Limiters (FCL) based on superconductor materials can provide one of the most promising solutions for limiting those fault currents. Nowadays, research focuses mainly on resistive SFCLs, because of size, cost and product maturity. Several modelling approaches for resistive type current limiters, as proposed in the literature, are reviewed hereby.
Effects of hyaluronan alone or in combination with chondroitin sulfate and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine on lipopolysaccharide challenge-exposed equine fibroblast-like synovial cells
Authors: Kilborne Allison H. , Hussein Hayam , Bertone Alicia L.
Published: April 2017

OBJECTIVE To investigate effects of hyaluronic acid (HA) or HA combined with chondroitin sulfate (CS) and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (NAG) by use of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro method.

SAMPLE Monolayer cultures of synovial cells from 4 adult horses.

PROCEDURES Synovial cell cultures were untreated or treated with HA alone or HA-CS-NAG for 24 hours, subsequently unchallenged or challenge-exposed with 2 LPS concentrations (20 and 50 ng/mL) for 2 hours, and retreated with HA or HA-CS-NAG for another 24 hours. Cellular morphology of cultures was evaluated at 0, 24 (before LPS), 26 (after LPS), and 50 (24 hours after end of LPS) hours. At 50 hours, cell number and viability and prostaglandin (PG) E2, interleukin (IL)-6, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 production were measured.

RESULTS LPS challenge exposure induced a significant loss of characteristic synovial cell morphology, decrease in cell viability, and increases in concentrations of PGE2, IL-6, MMP-3, and COX-2. Cells treated with HA or HA-CS-NAG had significantly better viability and morphology scores and lower concentrations of PGE2, MMP-3, IL-6, and COX-2 than untreated LPS challenge-exposed cells. Cells treated with HA had significantly better morphology scores at 50 hours than cells treated with HA-CS-NAG. Cells treated with HA-CS-NAG had significantly superior suppression of LPS-induced production of PGE2, IL-6, and MMP-3 than cells treated with HA alone.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE HA and HA-CS-NAG protected synovial cells from the effects of LPS. Treatment with HA-CS-NAG had the greatest anti-inflammatory effect. These results supported the protective potential of HA and HA-CS-NAG treatments.
Influence of body weight and body conformation on the pressure-volume curve during capnoperitoneum in dogs
Authors: Dorn Melissa J. , Bockstahler Barbara A. , Dupré Gilles P.
Published: April 2017

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the pressure-volume relationship during capnoperitoneum in dogs and effects of body weight and body conformation.

ANIMALS 86 dogs scheduled for routine laparoscopy.

PROCEDURES Dogs were allocated into 3 groups on the basis of body weight. Body measurements, body condition score, and body conformation indices were calculated. Carbon dioxide was insufflated into the abdomen with a syringe, and pressure was measured at the laparoscopic cannula. Volume and pressure data were processed, and the yield point, defined by use of a cutoff volume (COV) and cutoff pressure (COP), was calculated.

RESULTS 20 dogs were excluded because of recording errors, air leakage attributable to surgical flaws, or trocar defects. For the remaining 66 dogs, the pressure-volume curve was linear-like until the yield point was reached, and then it became visibly exponential. Mean ± SD COP was 5.99 ± 0.805 mm Hg. No correlation was detected between yield point, body variables, or body weight. Mean COV was 1,196.2 ± 697.9 mL (65.15 ± 20.83 mL of CO2/kg), and COV was correlated significantly with body weight and one of the body condition indices but not with other variables.

CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In this study, there was a similar COP for all dogs of all sizes. In addition, results suggested that increasing the abdominal pressure after the yield point was reached did not contribute to a substantial increase in working space in the abdomen. No correlation was found between yield point, body variables, and body weight.
Effects of topical application of silver sulfadiazine cream, triple antimicrobial ointment, or hyperosmolar nanoemulsion on wound healing, bacterial load, and exuberant granulation tissue formation in bandaged full-thickness equine skin wounds
Authors: Harmon Caroline C. Gillespie , Hawkins Jan F. , Li Jianming , Connell Sean , Miller Margaret , Saenger Megan , Freeman Lynetta J.
Published: April 2017

OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of 3 topically applied treatments (1% silver sulfadiazine cream [SSC], triple antimicrobial ointment [TAO], and hyperosmolar nanoemulsion [HNE]) on microbial counts, exuberant granulation tissue (EGT) development, and reepithelialization of contaminated wounds at the distal aspect of the limbs of horses.

ANIMALS 8 healthy adult horses.

PROCEDURES A 2.5 × 2.5-cm, full-thickness, cutaneous wound was created at the dorsal aspect of each metacarpus and metatarsus (1 wound/limb/horse), covered with nonadhesive dressing, and bandaged. Wounds were inoculated with bacteria and fungi the next day. Each wound on a given horse was randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups (SSC, TAO, HNE, or no topical treatment [control]). Bandage changes, culture of wound samples, treatments, photography for wound measurements, and biopsy were performed at predetermined time points. Time (days) until wound closure, number of EGT excisions, microbial counts, and scores for selected histologic characteristics were compared among groups.

RESULTS Median time to wound closure for all groups was 42 days. Time to wound closure and histologic characteristics of wound healing did not differ among groups. Least squares mean microbial counts were significantly higher for HNE-treated wounds on days 9 and 21, compared with SSC-treated and TAO-treated wounds, but not controls. Proportions of SSC-treated (7/8) or HNE-treated (5/8) wounds needing EGT excision were significantly greater than that of TAO-treated (1/8) wounds. The proportion of SSC-treated wounds with EGT excision was greater than that of controls (3/8).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE None of the treatments resulted in more rapid wound closure, compared with that for untreated control wounds under the study conditions. When treatment is warranted, TAO may help to limit EGT formation.
Potensi Arkeologis Kepulauan Maluku: Penelitian dan Pemanfaatan*
Authors: Sarjiyanto Sarjiyanto
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Archaeological Potency of Maluku Islands and Its Utilitations. Maluku islands is known to the world, especially European countries, as a producer, part of trade route, and destination of spices during the trade period in the past. Some countries such as Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom have influenced the development of civilization in the Maluku islands. Several studies on the sites of the former kingdoms of Ternate, Tidore, Bacan, Jailolo, and the former site of the local authority of the rich society in Banda has given an overview of cultural resource potential and importance of the sites for the history of the archipelago. Not all the information or data obtainedcan be utilized directly for the benefit of the wider community with diverse communication media. Therefore it is hoped that the available data and information can be utilized for various purposes by showing their important values of sites and their finds as well as the variety of proper uses, among others publications, issuance of regulations/policies, environmental management, tourism development, educational programs, development of new concepts, or establishing and improving museums. Regulations that provide more opportunity for public involvement in management and display of cultural heritage items – such as exhibitions, education, and events that are more community-oriented – also need to be made. Abstrak. Kepulauan Maluku dikenal dunia sebagai tempat produksi, jalur, dan tujuan pencarian rempah oleh negara-negara Eropa pada periode perdagangan masa lampau. Beberapa negara seperti Portugis, Spanyol, Belanda, dan Inggris telah memberi pengaruh perkembangan peradabandi Kepulauan Maluku. Beberapa penelitian di situs-situs bekas kerajaan Ternate, Tidore, Bacan, Jailolo, dan bekas tempat kekuasaan lokal Orang Kaya di Banda telah memberi gambaran potensi sumberdaya budaya dan arti penting situs-situs itu bagi sejarah Nusantara. Belum semua informasiatau data yang diperoleh langsung dapat dimanfaatkan untuk kepentingan masyarakat yang lebih luas dengan berbagai media komunikasi. Untuk itu diharapkan data dan informasi yang ada dapat dimanfaatkan untuk kepentingan berbagai hal. Metodenya dengan memperlihatkan nilai penting dari hasil penelitian situs dan tinggalannya serta memberikan berbagai bentuk pemanfaatannya. Hasil pemanfaatannya antara lain melalui media penyaluran informasi publikasi, pengeluaran peraturan/kebijakan, tata lingkungan, pengembangan wisata, program pendidikan, pengembangan konsep baru, pengembangan museum. Regulasi yang lebih membuka peluang peran publik dalam pengelolaan dan penyajian benda budaya juga masih perlu dikembangkan.Termasuk di dalamnya peningkatan berbagai bentuk program pameran, pendidikan, dan event yang lebih berorientasi kepada masyarakat.
Konflik dan Penyelesaian dalam Penelitian Arkeologi di Wilayah Kerja Balai Arkeologi Manado.
Authors: Marzuki Irfanuddin W.
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Conflicts and Solutions in Archaeological Research at Archaeological Research Office of Manado Area. The conflict between local people and the research team of archaeology wastriggered because the people did not understand the importance of archaeological research, in addition to lacking of communication between the two parties. The conflicts in the research areasof Archaeological Research Office of Manado namely happened during the research at Loga Site, Pada Village, Poso, and Leang Tuo Mane’e site in Talaud. This research aimed at mapping the conflict occurring during archaeological researches in working areas of Archaeological Research Office of Manado and inventing the solution so that it is expected that such conflict may not appear in the future. To obtain the data used are observational and interview methods. The conflict mapping was made to see clearly the relations among many parties; therefore, it is possible to identify the beginning of the conflict as well as its solutions. Aside from conflict mapping, communication with the local people is no less important. The research model of archaeology should be changed into multiple perspective model or democratic model. Abstrak. Konflik antara masyarakat dengan tim penelitian arkeologi dikarenakan kurangnya pemahaman masyarakat akan nilai penting penelitian arkeologi dan komunikasi yang tidak terjalin dengan baik. Konflik yang pernah terjadi pada kegiatan penelitian di wilayah Kerja Balai Arkeologi Manado berupa penelitian Situs Loga Desa Pada, Kabupaten Poso dan Situs Leang Tuo Mane’e di Kabupaten Talaud. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memetakan konflik yang terjadi dalam penelitian arkeologi di wilayah kerja Balai Arkeologi Manado dan mencari jalan keluarnya sehingga dapat diselesaikan, serta tidak terjadi lagi pada masa mendatang. Metode yang digunakan untuk mendapatkan data adalah metode observasi (pengamatan) dan wawancara. Dalam mengurai konflik, penting dilakukan pemetaan, sehingga dapat terpecahkan dengan baik. Pemetaan konflik bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan di antara berbagai pihak secara lebih jelas, sehingga dapat diidentifikasi awal konflik dan tindakan yang akan dilakukan dalam memecahkan konflik. Selain pemetaan konflik, perlu menjalin komunikasi yang baik dengan masyarakat sekitar situs, sehingga tidak terjadi salah komunikasi dalam kegiatan penelitian. Model pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian arkeologi ini perlu diganti dengan model multiple perspective model atau democratic model.
Analisis Stakeholders dalam Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Arkeologi di Kota Cina, Medan.
Authors: Purnawibowo Stanov , Koestoro Lucas Partanda
Published: April 2017

Analisis stakeholders bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi dan kebijakan pengelolaan konflik antarpemangku kepentingan di kawasan Kota Cina, Medan. Metode yang digunakan berupa mengklasifikasikan sejumlah isu yang terkait dengan pengelolaan tinggalan arkeologis di Kota Cina. Isu tersebut memberikan gambaran umum tentang potensi konflik yang terjadi di Kota Cina. Potensi konflik itu selanjutnya dianalisis dengan menggunakan salah satu alat analisis konflik, yaituanalisis bawang bombay. Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya kesamaan kebutuhan yang menjadi simpul konflik, yaitu penggunaan lahan. Pengelolaan konflik yang baik untuk jangka panjang dalam proses pengelolaan Kota Cina adalah dengan negosiasi. Negosiasi dapat berupa musyawarah untukmenemukan kesepakatan bersama yang mampu mengakomodasi para pemangku kepentingan. Kesepakatan tersebut terkait dengan pemberdayaan warga masyarakat di sekitar Kota Cina, khususnya para pemilik lahan, dalam mewujudkan sikap positif dan kesadaran mereka terhadap pelestarian sumber daya arkeologis di Kota Cina. Abstract. Stakeholders Analysis in the Archaeological Resources Management at Kota Cina, Medan. Stakeholders analysis aims to determine the policies and potencies of conflict management among stakeholders in Kota Cina. The method used is classification of the issues related to the management of archaeological remains in Kota Cina. These issues provide a general overview of the potential conflicts that occurred in Kota Cina. The potential conflicts are then analyzed using one of the tools of conflict analysis, namely “onion analysis”. The analysis shows similarity of need that inflictsconflict, which is land use. Better conflict management for the long term is to negotiate. Negotiations can be formed as a forum of discussion to reach a mutual agreement that can accommodate the stakeholders’ interests. Mutual agreement is linked to the empowerment of communities around Kota Cina, especially the land owners, to create awareness in preserving the archaeological resources in Kota Cina.
Pengaruh Majapahit Pada Bangunan Puri Gede Kaba-Kaba, Tabanan.
Authors: Susetyo Sukawati
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Majapahit Influence on the Grand Palace of Kaba-Kaba, Tabanan. Majapahit, as a kingdom, had spread its influence to almost every part of Indonesia such as the western part of Sumatra and the eastern part of the Moluccas, even to our neighbouring countries in Southeast Asia, which were implemented in form of equal partnership (mitra satata). The archaeological remainsfrom the Majapahit period that we can see include sacred and profane buildings, sculptures, reliefs, fragmented and intact potteries and ceramics, and literatures. They bear distinct characteristics,particularly in sacred buildings as well as the styles of reliefs and sculptures. Kaba-Kaba Palace is theremain of Kaba-Kaba Kingdom in Tabanan, Bali, whose king was originated from Majapahit. Theaim of this research is to uncover the Majapahit influence on this palace. Furthermore, an attempt was also made to see whether it was built in accordance with Sanga Mandala, a concept used in thebuilding of palaces. The method for this study was carried out by literature study and describing the building elements of the palace that have Majapahit influence, as well as interviewing somesources. The results show that the palace was built based on the sangamandala concept but it has experienced development to accommodate the needs of more recent period. The Majapahit influences on the Kaba-Kaba Palace are seen in the candi bentar (split gate), paduraksa (roofed gate), tantricstyle sculptures, the sculptures of tortoise and dragon, and figure with the face of a stranger. Abstrak. Majapahit sebagai kerajaan besar telah mengembangkan pengaruhnya meliputi hampir di seluruh wilayah Indonesia saat ini, yaitu daerah-daerah di Pulau Sumatra di bagian barat dan Maluku di bagian timur, bahkan pengaruhnya meluas sampai ke negara tetangga di Asia Tenggara yang dijalin dalam bentuk persahabatan yang setara (mitra satata). Tinggalan arkeologi dari masa Majapahit yang dapat kita temui adalah bangunan suci, arca-arca, relief, bangunan profan, fragmen/utuh gerabah dan keramik, dan karya-karya sastra. Tinggalan Majapahit tersebut mempunyai ciri-ciri khusus dalam bentuk arsitektur bangunan suci, gaya relief dan arca. Puri Kaba-Kaba merupakan tinggalan Kerajaan Kaba-Kaba di Tabanan, yang rajanya berasal dari Majapahit. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui apa saja pengaruh Majapahit yang ditemukan pada bangunan Puri ini. Selainitu juga untuk mengetahui apakah pembangunan Puri sesuai dengan konsep Sanga Mandala. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan studi pustaka, dan mendeskripsikan unsur-unsur bangunan Puri yang mendapat pengaruh dari Majapahit, juga melakukan wawancara terhadap narasumber. Dari penelitianini diketahui bahwa pembangunan Puri menerapkan konsep Sanga Mandala, namun telah mengalami pengembangan sesuai kebutuhan. Pengaruh Majapahit yang ditemukan pada bangunan Puri Kaba-Kaba antara lain adalah gapura candi bentar dan paduraksa, arca-arca bergaya tantris, arca kura-kura dan naga, serta arca tokoh berwajah orang asing.
Techniques for Teaching Speaking Skill in Widya Gama Mahakam University
Authors: Arbain Arbain , Nur Dedi Rahman
Published: April 2017

Speaking as one of the four skills in English is seen as the most crucial skill to be mastered by English learners.  For most people the successes in learning a language can be seen from how far the student can speak and communicate in the language learn. But in fact, speaking is often neglected in the classroom. The objective of this research is to investigate techniques in teaching speaking skill in second semester of primary school department of Widya Gama Mahakam University. This study employs the qualitative design by which the researcher intends to discover and understand techniques of teaching speaking used by the lecture in its natural setting. The subject of this research was second semester students of primary school department. This study reveals four techniques employed by the lecturer in teaching speaking skill,   i.e. show-and-tell,   presentation,   drama making,   and question and answer. Show-and-tell and presentation technique are two types of performance talk which were used more often by the lecturer than the two other techniques (i.e. drama making and question and answer).
The Borders of Engineers Without Borders: A Self-Assessment of Ingenieros Sin Fronteras Colombia
Authors: Valderrama Pineda Andrés Felipe , Arias-Hernández Richard , Ramírez María C. , Bejarano Astrid , Silva Juan C.
Published: April 2017

This article results from a process of self-assessment within Ingenieros Sin Fronteras Colombia (ISFC). The activities usually referred to as humanitarian engineering, assistive engineering, engineering for aid, and/or engineering for development are increasingly involving educational frameworks, activities, and institutions in service-learning schemes. In this article, we discuss the issues and challenges that arise from this combination of objectives, activities, and institutional settings, especially when these approaches are implemented in the Global South. To do so we reflect on the type of service learning we are conducting in Colombia. We develop a general service learning in engineering typology to situate our work. We find that our Local Learning in the South collaboration makes the work of ISFC both different than and similar to other service-learning engagements. It is different in the sense that local engagements do not experience the cultural and language barriers faced by cross-cultural projects. It is similar in the sense that, with the exception of the cross-cultural challenges, our projects run the same risks as any other service learning in engineering projects in the world. To reflect on these risks we propose a set of five questions to self-assess our work. Thinking about the choice of naming our work “ingeniería sin fronteras” (engineering without borders), we consider what kind of borders we are dealing with and propose five: financial, epistemic, engineering educational, knowledge, and reputation. We invite other organizations to question the kind of borders their work aims at eliminating but risks replicating.