bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic correlations between inhomogeneous magnetic fields, internal gradients, diffusion and transverse relaxation, as a probe for pore geometry and heterogeneity
Authors: Seland John Georg
Published: July 2024

In this study we have applied 2D NMR experiments where the spatial inhomogeneous magnetic field (Bi) inside a porous sample is correlated to respectively internal gradient (G0), diffusion coefficient (D), and transverse relaxation time (T2) of a confined liquid. Experiments were performed on samples having different pore system geometry and heterogeneity, leading to different types of confinement of the liquid. The results show that the correlation between G0 and Bi is more sensitive to the type of confinement, and thus also of the pore geometry and heterogeneity, compared to the corresponding correlations involving D and T2.
Hot Brownian motion and photophoretic self-propulsion
Authors: Schachoff Romy , Selmke Markus , Bregulla Andreas , Cichos Frank , Rings Daniel , Chakraborty Dipanjan , Kroy Klaus , Günther Katrin , Henning-Knechtel Anja , Sperling Evgeni , Mertig Michael
Published: July 2024

We describe the motion of heated particles in a simple liquid, for which we can theoretically derive generalized fluctuation-dissipation relations that hold far from equilibrium, as we demonstrate both experimentally and via molecular-dynamics simulations. Due to persistent laser-light absorption, these particles excite a radially symmetric or asymmetric (Janus particles) temperature profile in the solvent, which affects their random (Brownian) and systematic (self-phoretic) motion. In case of a radially symmetric temperature profile, we show that the particles perform “hot Brownian motion” (HBM), with different effective temperatures pertaining to their various degrees of freedom. We moreover predict and experimentally observe a peculiar dependence of their diffusivity on the particle size. In case of an asymmetric temperature profile, we find a superimposed self-phoretic directed motion. To adjust the importance of this “active” motion relative to the random hot Brownian motion, the shape of the particle is modified by binding DNA molecules and DNA origami to Janus beads. The persistence of the directed transport can thereby greatly be enhanced.
Astrocytes and diffusive spread of substances in brain extracellular space
Authors: Sherpa Ang D. , Hrabetova Sabina
Published: July 2024

Brain function is based on communication between individual cells, neurons and glia. From a traditional point of view, neurons play a central role in the fast transfer of information in the central nervous system while astrocytes, major type of glia, serve as housekeeping elements maintaining homeostasis of the extracellular microenvironment. This view has dramatically changed in recent years as many findings ascribe new roles to astrocytes. It is becoming evident that astrocytes communicate with neurons via chemical signals released to the extracellular space (ECS). Astrocytes also have communication systems of their own, such as calcium waves that use gap junctions in combination with purinergic signaling through the ECS. Here we discuss yet another important role for astrocytes: that they regulate diffusion of signaling molecules and therapeutic agents in the extracellular microenvironment by contributing to the structural properties of ECS. There is a wealth of morphological data showing that each astrocyte is an exclusive occupant of a small volume of brain tissue, and that many fine astrocytic processes ensheathe neuronal processes and bodies. The functional significance of these unique morphological features is largely unknown with the exception of astrocytic coverage of synaptic formations. At the synapses, astrocytic processes play an active role by restricting neurotransmitter diffusion to the synaptic cleft and its immediate vicinity. Recent work suggests that astrocytic processes work in a similar fashion throughout the ECS and thus control the diffusive spread of substances over both short and long distances.
Tortuosity estimate through paramagnetic gas diffusion in rock saturated with two fluids using T2 (z, t) low-field NMR
Authors: Shikhov Igor , Arns Christoph H. , Villiam
Published: July 2024

Petrophysical interpretation of 1H NMR relaxation responses from saturated rocks is complicated by paramagnetic species present in fluids. Oxygen dissolved in liquids is one common example. Dipolar interactions of oxygen’s unpaired electron spins with the magnetic moment of fluid nuclei provide a strong relaxation mechanism known as paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE). As a result even low concentrations of dioxygen in its common triplet ground state significantly shorten longitudinal and transverse relaxation times of host fluids. This effect may be employed similarly to any standard tracer technique to study pore connectivity in porous media by detecting a change of oxygen concentration due to diffusion resolved in time and space. Since relaxation enhancement effect is likely stronger in non-wetting phase than in wetting one (where surface relaxation process dominates) this difference can be utilized to study wettability in immiscible multiphase systems. We use a relaxation time contrast between air-saturated and oxygen-free fluids to evaluate oxygen concentration change within two fluid phases saturating rock, to estimate time required to establish equilibrium concentration and to calculate a mutual diffusion coefficient of oxygen. A spatially- and time-resolved T2(z,t) experiment provides the time-dependent oxygen concentration change along the fully- and partially-saturated carbonate core plug exposed to air saturated oil at its inlet. We derive an effective mutual diffusion coefficient of oxygen and accordingly a tortuosity estimate as a function of position along the core and rock saturation. The spatially resolved oxygen diffusion-based tortuosity is compared to simulated conductivitybased tortuosity. The latter is calculated on a high-resolution micro-tomographic image of Mount Gambier limestone by solving the Laplace equation for conductivity.
Diffusion in Cauchy Elastic Solid
Authors: Danielewski Marek , Sapa Lucjan
Published: July 2024

It is commonly accepted that a starting point of the science of diffusion is the phenomenological diffusion equation postulated by German physiologist Adolf Fick inspired by experiments on diffusion by Thomas Graham and Robert Brown. Fick’s diffusion equation has been interpreted decades later by Albert Einstein and Marian Smoluchowski. Here we will show that the theory of diffusion has its elegant mathematical foundations formulated three decades before Fick by French mathematician Augustin Cauchy (~1822). The diffusion equation is straightforward consequence of his model of the elastic solid - the classical balance equations for isotropic, elastic crystal. Basing on the Cauchy model and using the quaternion algebra we present a rigorous derivation of the quaternion form of the diffusion equation. The fundamental consequences of all derived equations and relations for physics, chemistry and the future prospects are presented.
Significance of concentration-dependent intracrystalline diffusion and surface permeation for overall mass transfer
Authors: Heinke Lars
Published: July 2024

The intracrystalline concentration profiles evolving during molecular uptake and release by nanoporous materials as accessible by interference microscopy contain a lot of hidden information. For concentration-independent transport parameter, the influence of surface resistances to overall mass transfer can be calculated by correlating the actual surface concentration with the overall uptake. By using a numerical solution of Fick’s 2nd law and considering a large variety of concentration dependencies of the transport diffusivity and the surface permeability, we show that the factor by which the transport process is retarded by the surface resistance may reasonably well be estimated by the type of correlation between the actual boundary concentration and the total uptake at a given time. In this way, a novel technique of uptake analysis which may analytically be shown to hold for constant diffusivities and surface permeabilities, is shown to be quite generally applicable.
Interdiffusion revisited
Authors: Danielewski Marek , Wierzba Bartek
Published: July 2024

We define the volume density and basing on the Euler’s and Lagrange theorems derive the volume continuity equation. These fundamental formulae define the volume fixed frame of reference in the multicomponent, solid and liquid solutions. The volume velocity is a unique frame of reference for all processes namely, the mass diffusion, charge transport, heat flow, etc. No basic changes are obligatory in the foundations of linear irreversible thermodynamics except recognizing the need to add volume density to the usual list of extensive physical properties undergoing transport in every continuum. The volume fixed frame of reference allows the use of the Navier-Lamé equation of mechanics of solids. Proposed modifications of Navier-Lamé and energy conservation equations are self-consistent with the literature for solid-phase continua dating back to the classical experiments of Kirkendall and their interpretation by Darken. We do show that when Darken constraints are used the general formulae reduce to the Darken expression.
Pendampingan Pembuatan Nomor Induk Berusaha terhadap UMKM Chicken (Ondel-Ondel) dan UMKM Telur Asin
Authors: Fahim Abdullah , Hisyam M Ishaqul , Syafiqin M Alim , Camelia Zidny , Salim Muhammad Aliyyuddin , Qurratu’aini Nafia Ilham
Published: July 2024

UMKM (Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah) memiliki peran yang vital dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi, baik di negara yang sedang berkembang maupun negara yang maju. Pembuatan NIB (Nomor Induk Berusaha) bagi UMKM Chicken (Ondel-Ondel) dan UMKM Telur Asin sebagai langkah untuk memperkuat legalitas usaha dan meningkatkan daya saing. Melalui pendampingan dan bimbingan dalam proses pembuatan NIB, pemilik UMKM dapat memahami manfaat yang diperoleh, seperti kemudahan dalam mengurus kebijakan usaha dan peningkatan kepercayaan pelanggan. Dengan memiliki NIB, UMKM dapat memperluas akses ke pasar yang lebih luas, meningkatkan stabilitas usaha, serta menjadi teladan bagi pelaku usaha lainnya. Penggunaan metode dalam pendampingan secara langsung kepada pihak usaha pada hari Sabtu, 24 April 2024. Wawancara dilakukan kepada Pak Alim selaku pemilik usaha Telur Asin di Desa Dukuh Tengah, Buduran, Sidoarjo dan Pak Suhari selaku pemilik usaha UMKM Chicken di Desa Pesawahan, Porong, Sidoarjo. Pentingnya kepemilikan NIB di kalangan UMKM perlu terus ditingkatkan melalui sosialisasi dan pendampingan agar lebih banyak UMKM yang memahami proses dan manfaatnya. Dengan demikian UMKM dapat tumbuh dan berkembang secara berkelanjutan di tengah persaingan bisnis yang semakin ketat.
Sosialisasi dan Pendampingan Pengurusan Nomor Induk Berusaha untuk Pelaku UMKM Jual Beli Kambing AIM
Authors: Hakim Achmad Ali Yudin , Ramadhan Rizky Oktavian , Wahid M Nur , Qurratu’aini Nafia Ilhama
Published: July 2024

NIB merupakan nomor identitas berusaha yang digunakan oleh pelaku usaha untuk mendapatkan izin usaha dan izin komersial dan operasional. NIB atau Nomor Induk Berusaha sebagai legalitas sebuah usaha merupakan sebuah kewajiban bagi pelaku usaha dalam menjalankan usahanya. Metode yang digunakan pada pendampingan pengurusan UMKM ini ialah dengan melakukan sebuah observasi dan juga pendekatan ke pihak pelaku UMKM jual beli kambing AIM yang berada di Desa Balonggabus Kecamatan Candi Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Artikel ini ditulis menggunakan metode kualitatif dan deskriptif dengan melakukan tanya jawab kepada pemilik UMKM jual beli kambing AIM. Sosialisasi dan pendampingan pembuatan NIB yang dilakukan di Desa Balonggabus Kecamatan Candi  Kabupaten Sidoarjo pada bulan April 2024 mendapatkan respon yang positif dari bapak Kojim sebagai pelaku usaha mikro Jual Beli Kambing AIM. Pendampingan dilakukan nya pembuatan Nomor Induk Berusaha NIB yaitu kurangnya pengetahuan yang dimiliki oleh para pelaku usaha, terutama yang berasal dari kalangan tua. NIB sangatlah penting bagi suatu usaha, tetapi masih banyak para pelaku usaha yang kurang faham tentang adanya NIB dan juga masih belum mengetahui cara membuat NIB tersebut.
Pendampingan UMKM Bakso Campur dalam Pembuatan Nomor Induk Berusaha (NIB) di Desa Kedungbendo Melalui OSS
Authors: Septiyah Ana , Safira Alfia Nikmah , Mardiansyah Nafi’ , Qurratu’aini Nafia Ilhama
Published: July 2024

Pendampingan UMKM di Desa Kedungbendo dalam pembuatan Nomor Induk Berusaha (NIB) melalui Online Single Submission (OSS). UMKM memiliki peranan penting dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi, namun keberadaannya memerlukan legalitas usaha yang termasuk izin perizinan. Dalam konteks ini, NIB menjadi identitas penting bagi pelaku usaha. Artikel ini menjelaskan proses pendampingan pembuatan NIB pada UMKM Bakso Campur yang dilaksanakan pada hari Rabu, 17 April 2024 di Desa Kedungbendo. Kesimpulan dari artikel ini adalah bahwa pendampingan UMKM dalam pembuatan Nomor Induk Berusaha (NIB) melalui Online Single Submission (OSS) memberikan kontribusi signifikan dalam memperkuat legalitas usaha mereka. Melalui proses pendampingan yang mencakup sosialisasi, pendaftaran, dan penyerahan NIB. UMKM dapat memahami pentingnya NIB dalam mendukung perkembangan usaha mereka. Langkah-langkah pendampingan ini juga membantu mengatasi kendala-kendala yang dihadapi oleh UMKM, seperti kurangnya pengetahuan tentang proses perizinan dan legalitas usaha. Dengan demikian, UMKM dapat lebih mudah mengakses pasar dan mendapatkan dukungan dalam mengembangkan usaha mereka.
Commmunity Perception of Gender Equality in Families in Lattekko Village, Bone Regency
Authors: Atma Ras  , Musrayani Usman  , Nuvida RAF  , Arsyad Genda  , Mario Mario  , Dimas Ario Sumilih  , Hariashari Rahim  , Andi Nurlela  , Feby Awaliyah
Published: July 2024

Gender is a cultural interpretation and receives a lot of attention in society. One of the problems that occurs in the community in Lattekko Village, Bone Regency, this research is to determine community perceptions and forms of equality within the family by studying family systems theory through developing scales or indicators that reflect aspects of gender equality. Quantitative approach to data collection. The research results show that the level of public knowledge regarding gender equality is still very low. Of the total 40 respondents, only 9 (22.5%) respondents knew gender, while 31 (77.5%) respondents did not know. However, the level of gender equality between men and women does not result in differences in treatment, work, time, public participation in society and household duties. The level of knowledge of respondents regarding gender equality in Lattekko Village, Awangpone District, Bone Regency, is still very low.
Kesejahteraan Psikologis Pelajar Sekolah Berasrama: Analisis Hubungan Interpersonal dan Efikasi Diri
Authors: Dewi Utami  , Dadan Mardani
Published: July 2024

This study aims to analyze the psychological well-being of boarding school students with a focus on interpersonal relationships and self-efficacy. This research employs a quantitative approach with a correlational survey design, involving 111 boarding school students in Indonesia. Data collection instrument is questionnaire to measure students’ psychological well-being referencing to two dimensions of self acceptance and positive relation with other. The analysis results indicate that interpersonal relationships and self-efficacy significantly influence students' psychological well-being. The average score for interpersonal relationships was 3.47, for loneliness and social support was 2.63, and for self-confidence was 3.29. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening social relationships and  beliefs in students’ ability to complete a task in order to enhance  psychological well-being. Recommendations are provided to develop social support programs and self-efficacy training skills in boarding schools.
Analisis Pengetahuan Cedera Dalam Pembelajaran PJOK Pada Siswa Kelas V SD Negeri Gembong 5
Authors: Tito Pangesti Adji  , Naela Khusna Faela Shufa
Published: July 2024

This research uses a quantitative descriptive research design. The aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge of Class V students at SDN Gembong 5 regarding injuries experienced while carrying out physical activities. This research will be carried out at SDN Gembong 5 which is located in Pati Regency, Central Java, in Gembong Village, Gembong District. The date of this research is May 16 2024. The research population is 48 class V students at SDN Gembong 5. In this research, total sampling was used for sampling. The level of knowledge of fifth grade students at SDN Gembong 5 regarding injuries experienced while carrying out physical activities is the dependent variable for the research. The multiple choice written test is the research instrument used in this research. Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that the knowledge of Class V students at SDN Gembong 5 regarding injuries experienced when carrying out physical activities which are divided into three categories, namely sports injuries, injury prevention and injury treatment, have very high knowledge of the three categories tested.
Pengaruh Pemasaran Digital, Kualitas Layanan Elektronik dan Citra Merek Terhadap Keputusan Konsumen Menggunakan Aplikasi OVO
Authors: Nurul Sriminarti
Published: July 2024

The behavior of digital wallet users in Indonesia depends on individual preferences, user habits, and other factors. Consumers' decisions in using digital finance applications are influenced by various factors, including digital marketing, the quality of electronic services and the brand image of the digital finance applications they use. This research aims to determine the influence of digital marketing, electronic service quality and brand image on consumer decisions to use the OVO application in the Jabodetabek area. The method used in this research is a quantitative method that is associative. Data was collected using a questionnaire distributed via Google Form to 155 respondents who used the OVO application. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. Data processing in this research used the IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) ver.25. Based on the results of hypothesis testing, it shows that: (1) digital marketing variables have a positive and significant effect on consumer decisions to use the OVO application (2) electronic service quality variables have a positive and significant effect on consumer decisions to use the OVO application (3) brand image variables have a positive and significant effect on consumer decisions to use the OVO application and (4) digital marketing variables, electronic service quality and brand image together have a significant influence on consumer decisions to use the OVO application.
Implementasi Gerakan Literasi Sekolah Terhadap Kondisi Minat Baca Siswa SD Negeri Purut
Authors: Yulia Rahmah  , Farid Rizqi Maulana  , Deni Wardana
Published: July 2024

An interest in reading is very important for elementary school students because it is related to students' ability to read and process their insights. Of course, this is the task of educators to build interest in reading through various ways, one of which is by implementing the School Literacy Movement in schools.This research is intended to describe how to implement the school literacy movement in fostering students' interest in reading at SD Negeri Purut. The researcher also wanted to find out whether students' interest in reading in this school could grow along with the implementation of the existing program in the School Literacy Movement in schools and also describe the results of the implementation of the GLS program on students. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive approach that focuses on teachers, students, and school residents. The research instruments used in this study are observation guidelines, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation for data collection in the implementation of the School Literacy Movement on Students' Reading Interest in Schools. In conclusion, the school has implemented the School Literacy Movement in accordance with the stages that have been regulated in the GLS implementation guidelines.
Urgensi Psikologi Pendidikan dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab
Authors: Dadan Mardani  , Iis Susiawati
Published: July 2024

This research discusses educational psychology which has a significant contribution in increasing the effectiveness of Arabic language learning. By understanding the learning and teaching process as well as individual student needs. This research uses a literature review method (library research), where the discussion in this research is based on expert opinions and the results of previous research on psychology and the learning process. The results show that educational psychology is very important in learning Arabic, as in learning other languages. The following are several reasons why educational psychology is important in this context, including (1) Understanding the Learning Process, (2) Student Motivation and Engagement, (3) Effective Classroom Management, (4) Assessment and Feedback, and (5) Needs Special for Students. By utilizing these educational psychology concepts, Arabic teachers can create a supportive, motivating, and effective learning environment for all their students.
Pola Komunikasi Dosen Dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Interpersonal Pada Mahasiswa Jurusan Ilmu Pemerintahan Universitas Pancasakti Makassar
Authors: Syaharuddin Syaharuddin
Published: July 2024

Communication has a role in building an organizational climate, which has an impact on organizational culture, namely the values ​​and beliefs that are the central point of the organization. The goal of communication in the organizational process is none other than to form mutual understanding (Mutual Undestanding). In short, so that there is equality in terms of reference and experience. Lecturer communication refers to patterns and forms of communication that occur in the context of organizational networks. This research aims to determine the communication patterns of lecturers in improving the interpersonal quality of students majoring in government science at Pancasakti University, Makassar. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews and literature study. The analytical method used is qualitative analysis. The research results show that good communication between lecturers and students will certainly result in better quality students, one of which is marked by increased student academic achievement. On the other hand, poor communication between lecturers and students will actually have an impact on decreasing the student's academic achievement. The indicators for the effectiveness of interpersonal communication, namely openness, empathy, supportive attitude, positive attitude, have worked well.
Understanding Financial Inclusion in the Philippines
Authors: Debuque-Gonzales Margarita ,   Philippine Institute for Development Studies, Corpus John Paul
Published: July 2024

This paper examines financial inclusion in the Philippines, benchmarking it against other developing Asian economies using the latest supply-side and demand-side data. It uses probit regressions on Philippine microdata from the World Bank’s 2021 Global Findex Database, providing a comparative analysis with the country’s regional peers. The study finds the Philippines leading in creating an enabling environment but shows mixed performance in financial outreach and uptake and lagging outcomes in account ownership and usage. Probit regressions reveal positive associations between financial inclusion and individual characteristics like education, income, and employment, and a nonlinear relationship with age. The study uncovers a smaller gender gap in formal account ownership and use and emerging disparities in financial technology access across education and income levels, particularly mobile money. Barriers such as high cost, distance, and lack of trust in financial institutions significantly hinder lower-income households, with Filipinos more affected by these barriers than their Association of Southeast Asian Nations counterparts.
STEPPING UP THE QUALITY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING: HOW CAN NATION’S FOUR-STRANDS PRINCIPLE HELP?
Authors: Newton Jonathan Mark
Published: July 2024

Certainty in the world of language teaching can seem illusive in these ‘post-method’ times. Theories come and go, policy initiatives and education buzz words (e.g., 21st Century skills, Industry revolution 4.0, Deep Learning, Design Thinking) ebb and flow like waves on the shore, and technology is expanding the possibilities available to teachers and learners faster than ever before. Where can language educators turn for reliable principles to guide and enhance their understanding and practice? In this article, I argue that Nation’s (2007) four-strands principle offers a coherent, theoretically sustainable and highly practical answer to this question, and one that deserves more attention in the field.
Análise da aplicabilidade experimental dos sais a partir da abordagem CTS: um estudo em livros didáticos de química do PNLD 2018
Authors: Kemmerich Candice , Müller Maykon Gonçalves , Mendes Alex Antunes
Published: July 2024

A educação, assim como toda a sociedade, está em constante evolução. Outrossim, os saberes científicos estão sempre sofrendo alterações, juntamente com os modelos de livros didáticos (LD), que acompanham o contexto escolar. Sabendo que os LD são uma ferramenta importante e que os professores os utilizam como referência nas escolas, a análise destes se torna importante para que haja novas versões e melhorias nos seus conteúdos. Isto posto, a transposição da perspectiva Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS) neste valioso instrumento contribui para uma formação mais crítica e reflexiva dos estudantes. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo analisar livros didáticos de Química, do Programa Nacional do Livro e do Material Didático (PNLD) 2018, sobre a temática “Sais”, identificando o que estes ofereciam de atividades experimentais e analisando-as a partir da abordagem CTS. Por meio dos dados comparativos do quadro de análise, podemos observar que, em geral, a experimentação com o tema “Sais”, em uma abordagem CTS, não foi muito explorada nos LD analisados. Apesar das edições estarem voltadas a realidade dos dias atuais, ainda há necessidade de adequação da experimentação com o tema “Sais”, o qual é um conteúdo de muita significância na vida dos estudantes
Empleabilidad e intermediación laboral: novedades y alcance en la Ley 3/2023
Authors: Fernández Prieto Marta
Published: July 2024

La Ley de Empleo pretende modernizar las políticas activas de empleo y corregir deficiencias estructurales señaladas reiteradamente desde instancias europeas e internas. Sin perjuicio de la crítica que puede merecer la tímida articulación de la dimensión local del empleo, la Ley pone cimientos sólidos para la construcción de políticas eficaces y eficientes. El mantenimiento, mejora y medición de la empleabilidad y la configuración integral de la intermediación constituyen dos grandes apuestas de la Ley. Sin duda, son elementos claves para crear verdaderos servicios integrados de empleo capaces de facilitar una adecuada integración de las personas en el mercado de trabajo.
La problemática de la exclusión de determinados colectivos del ámbito personal de los convenios colectivos
Authors: Garrido Palacios Miguel Ángel
Published: July 2024

La limitación en la aplicación del ámbito personal de los convenios colectivos es un fenómeno presente en la negociación colectiva. Esto obedece a necesidades empresariales. La distinción entre cuando existen causas justificadas y razonables para su despliegue y cuando se puede vulnerar la Constitución española y la legalidad es fundamental para evitar su judicialización. Este estudio se adentra en las tendencias de la negociación colectiva y en las resoluciones judiciales para tratar de extraer una serie de criterios que permitan arrojar claridad en cuanto a su encaje en nuestro ordenamiento.
¿Pueden los Secretarios de Ayuntamiento controlar la contratación laboral irregular en las Administraciones Públicas?
Authors: Selma Penalva Beatriz
Published: July 2024

En el presente trabajo se pone de manifiesto el progresivo debilitamiento que ha sufrido la figura del Secretario general de un Ayuntamiento. Esta progresiva pérdida de funciones ha implicado, entre otras cosas, dejar de ostentar el cargo de jefe de personal de la Corporación municipal, por lo que su capacidad de control de la legalidad de los procesos de contratación, se restringe sustancialmente. Se trata de un hecho que presenta mucha más importancia práctica de la que aparentemente tiene, ya que, aunque pocas veces se haya puesto de manifiesto, coincidió en el tiempo, de forma prácticamente exacta, con el exponencial incremento de las irregularidades en la contratación laboral efectuada por las Administraciones públicas que dieron lugar, en su momento, a la creación jurisprudencial de la figura del indefinido no fijo.
A Comprehensive Review of Anti-Influenza Therapeutics
Authors: Ramakanth Reddy Tetali  , BNV Sai Durga G  , Sharon Pushpa P  , Salomi K  , Edward Raju Gope
Published: July 2024

Influenza viruses cause significant global morbidity and mortality. Currently approved anti-influenza drugs include adamantanes, neuraminidase inhibitors and polymerase inhibitors that target different stages of viral life cycle. Adamantanes such as rimantadine and amantadine inhibit the viral M2 ion channel protein. Oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir and laninamivir are neuraminidase inhibitors that bind and block the enzymatic activity of neuraminidase. Baloxavir marboxil and favipiravir areCap-dependent endonuclease and RNA polymerase inhibitors respectively. These drugs are commonly quantified using chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods. Moreover, newer drugs such as verdinexor inhibiting viral mRNA export and ASN2 targeting cap-snatching endonuclease are under development. Advances have been made in delivery using nanoparticles, pulmonary and intranasal routes. Point-of-care molecular diagnostics aid rapid diagnosis. However, drug resistance and adverse effects persist as challenges. Future directions involve host-targeting drugs, vaccines inducing broad immunity and resistance-proof formulations. This review discusses about the approved and emerging anti-influenza therapies with analytical and delivery aspects along with ongoing efforts to address existing limitations.
Case Report and Therapeutic Approach for Achalasia Cardia
Authors: Rinta Vincent  , Devyani  , Subhi Adhikari
Published: July 2024

Achalasia cardia is an uncommon esophageal motility disorder characterized by the impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and the absence of peristaltic contractions in the esophageal body. This report presents a case of a 42-year-old woman with a prolonged history of dysphagia and regurgitation of solids and liquids. The patient's clinical history included a 10-year history of neck swelling, hypothyroidism, and diabetes mellitus. Physical examination and laboratory investigations revealed normal findings, except for elevated blood glucose, thyroid hormone levels, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. An esophagogram showed proximal dilation of the distal esophagus with a contrast fluid level, and endoscopy revealed a tight LES, which was difficult to pass through. Based on these findings, the diagnosis of achalasia cardia was established. Initial medical management with nitrates and proton pump inhibitors did not provide significant improvement. Subsequently, the patient underwent laparoscopic Heller's myotomy with fundoplication, which successfully resolved her dysphagia symptoms. This case report highlights the diagnostic challenges and the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in managing achalasia cardia. It emphasizes the role of surgical interventions, such as Heller's myotomy with fundoplication, in alleviating symptoms and restoring esophageal function when conservative medical management fails
A Comprehensive Review of the Use of Nanoparticles in Cosmeceutical Science
Authors: Aarti Prajapati  , Dr Rekha Kumar
Published: July 2024

Nanotechnology is significantly impacting the cosmeceutical sector, revolutionizing how skincare products are formulated and delivered. Innovative nanoparticle delivery systems such as liposomes, niosomes, nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), gold nanoparticles, and nano-emulsions are at the forefront of this transformation. These systems enhance the bioavailability, stability, and efficacy of active ingredients, offering controlled release and targeted delivery features that are crucial for optimizing cosmetic results. Nanotechnology facilitates improved penetration of actives into the skin, protects ingredients from degradation, and ensures sustained release, thereby enhancing the therapeutic effectiveness of cosmeceuticals. Additionally, the integration of nanoparticles into cosmetic products allows for reduced dosages and minimized side effects, which contributes to better skin tolerance and safety. However, the use of nanotechnology in cosmeceuticals is not without challenges. It raises significant safety and environmental concerns due to the potential systemic absorption of nanoparticles. Regulatory bodies globally are striving to address these issues, with guidelines and regulations continuously evolving to ensure consumer safety while fostering innovation. The current review highlights the dual aspects of opportunity and oversight that nanotechnology brings to the beauty and skincare industry, emphasizing the need for ongoing research and regulatory vigilance to harness its full potential responsibly
Importance of Biopolymers in Pharmaceutical and Medical Fields
Authors: Mounika Sri Singamsetti  , Sravani Sala  , Anil Kumar Vadaga
Published: July 2024

Biopolymers have gained significant traction in the pharmaceutical and medical fields due to their unique properties and versatile applications. These naturally derived polymers exhibit remarkable characteristics such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, renewability, affordability, and availability. Their role in tissue engineering, wound healing, and biosensor development has been extensively explored. In tissue engineering, biopolymers serve as scaffolds or matrices, supporting cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation for both hard and soft tissue regeneration. Hard tissue scaffolds often incorporate biopolymers like collagen, chitosan, and gelatin, combined with bioactive ceramics like hydroxyapatite, mimicking the natural composition of bone. Soft tissue scaffolds employ biopolymers such as collagen, gelatin, elastin, and alginate, fabricated into hydrogels, fibrous meshes, or porous structures for applications like skin, vascular, cardiac, and nerve tissue regeneration. Biopolymers have demonstrated promising potential in promoting wound healing and tissue repair, creating moist wound dressings, absorbing exudates, and providing a favorable environment for tissue regeneration. Biopolymers like collagen, chitosan, and alginate have been investigated for this purpose. In biosensor development, biopolymers offer biocompatibility and the ability to immobilize biomolecules such as enzymes, antibodies, or nucleic acids, serving as matrices for biological recognition elements while maintaining their activity and stability
Advances in Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Irene Silas Kaliki  , Joyce Peter Kabissa  , Singh Pappu Kumar , Shivani Sharma
Published: July 2024

Drug delivery systems have undergone remarkable advancements in recent years, revolutionizing the way therapeutic agents are administered and enhancing their efficacy and safety profiles. This review explores the latest developments in drug delivery technologies, including biodegradable polymers, nanocarriers, and smart delivery systems responsive to specific physiological conditions. Nanotechnology-based delivery platforms, such as liposomes, dendrimers, and polymeric nanoparticles, have demonstrated impressive potential in improving drug targeting, bioavailability, reducing adverse effects, and facilitating controlled release. The increasing use of biodegradable polymers like poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) enables localized and sustained drug delivery. Smart delivery systems employing stimuli-responsive materials enable drug release triggered by environmental cues like pH, temperature, and enzyme activity. Furthermore, the integration of personalized medicine and advanced drug delivery technologies is enabling more efficient and tailored therapeutic approaches. This review highlights the prevailing trends, challenges, and future prospects in drug delivery systems, emphasizing their pivotal role in advancing next-generation therapies
Misi Gereja Melalui Pendidikan di Sekolah
Authors: Antonius  , Suwito Benny
Published: July 2024

The missionary role of the church, inherited from Jesus Christ, touches every aspect of human life. The mission is not just a matter of spiritual growth, but also deals with all social development. Therefore, the Catholic church in Indonesia considers education as a missionary priority. There are many good Catholic schools around the country that earn good reputation. However, the crisis of identity seems to emerge inside these many institutions. The authors raise the question, whether currently the church is really doing the missionary job, i.e. proclaiming the Good News, through these schools, or simply running schools with Catholic label. A case studi at SMAK Dempo, Malang, is presented as an ilustration of this concern. The goal is to remind the church about the basic idea of running schools as a tool of missionary ministry.
ATP levels and its degradation process as a post-mortem interval indicator
Authors: Butt Usman Shahid , Iqbal Anam , Zaheer Sadia , Nazir Shahid , Rakha Allah
Published: July 2024

Background: There are many scientific methods in practice to determine the time of death, but no methods alone will precisely state it. Researchers are trying direct and indirect methods to estimate the post-mortem interval (PMI) by gathering evidence to find a more accurate way out to measure time since death. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) transfers energy within the body, and is a crucial indicator in estimating PMI. This study aims to find out the levels of blood ATP after death at certain periods to help determine the PMI. Methods: This experimental study was carried out at the Department of Forensic Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Lahore. Thirty-six rabbits with good health were taken and divided into six groups. Blood samples were obtained at regular intervals. The relationship between PMI and ATP degradation levels was analysed statistically. Results: At 0 hours, the mean ATP levels were recorded as 44.59 which declined linearly with the time recorded until 72 hours (1.51) post-mortem. The mean ATP levels at different post-mortem intervals were significantly different (p<0.001). Conclusion: ATP levels decline in blood post-mortem and can be used to determine PMI.
Pak J Physiol 2021;17(1)
PERCEIVED STRESS, EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE, COPING STRATEGIES, AND MARITAL ADJUSTMENT IN DUAL EARNER COUPLES
Authors: Siddiqa Ayesha , Majeed Sana
Published: July 2024

Background: It has often been experiential that dual earner couples with the passage of time become more frustrated and strict due to lots of burden and that may affect their marital life too. The Present study aimed to investigate the relationship among Perceived Stress, Emotional Intelligence, Coping Strategies and Marital Adjustment in Dual Earner Couples. Method: This was a cross sectional study conducted on the sample of 75 dual earner couples (n=150) with the age range of 25–45 was selected by using the Non-Probability Purposive Technique. Data was taken from different Govt. and Private Institutes of Lahore. Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SSEIT), Brief COPE Inventory (BCOPEI) and Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (RDAS) were applied on the participants along with demographic questionnaire. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient, Multiple Regression analysis and Independent Sample t-test was used in the study. Results: The Results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between Perceived Stress and marital adjustment (r= -0.25, p=0.001), whereas, Emotional Intelligence (r=0.46, p=0.000) and Coping Strategies (r=0.15, p=0.033) have significant positive relationship with Marital Adjustment. Perceived Stress (p=0.23) and Coping Strategies (p=0.92) are not well predictors; however Emotional Intelligence (p=0.000) was found a significant predictor of Marital Adjustment (R2=0.22). The findings also depicted that there was no gender difference regarding the study variables. Conclusion: Perceived stress has negative but emotional intelligence and coping strategies have positive effect on marital adjustment.
Pak J Physiol 2021;17(4):67–71
IMPACT OF LOCKDOWN DUE TO CORONAVIRUS DISEASE (COVID-19) ON THE WEIGHT RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE
Authors: Ijaz Farhat , Bokhari Uswah , Shoaib Uswah , Khan Sehar Khauteja , Tariq Sana , Aftab Rana Khurram
Published: July 2024

Background: The current lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic has clearly led to changes in the lifestyles of people. This study aimed to determine the effects of this lockdown on the lifestyles of individuals and ultimately the overall changes in weight-based quality of life in the undergraduate students of Pakistan. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on participants of ages 18–25 from different universities around Pakistan. The questionnaires were sent to participants via WhatsApp, posted online using Microsoft forms. A total of 157 responses were received. The questionnaires were adapted using Impact of Weight on Quality of Life (IWQOL). Chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical variables, and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of 157 responses, 109 were females and 48 males. The mean weight before and after the lockdown was 61.95 Kg and 64.97 Kg respectively. Significant changes in areas of physical function, self-esteem and work were attained with p<0.001, 0.002, and 0.023 respectively. Conclusions: The lifestyle changed and as a result the weight of the undergraduate population of Pakistan generally increased during the lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Self-esteem decreased among the youth and they faced mental health issues including anxiety and distress due to direct effects of lockdown on lifestyle.
Pak J Physiol 2021;17(4):63–6
EFFECT OF VITAMIN D SUPPLEMENTATION ON LIPID PROFILE IN PATIENTS OF ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME
Authors: Jabeen Sidra , Khan Humaira Fayyaz , Majeed Sana , Ashfaq Mehvish , Munir Hina , Safder Saira
Published: July 2024

Background: Association studies have proposed a link between vitamin D levels and lipid profile. Deranged lipid profile is hallmark of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. The present study was aimed to determine the role of vitamin D supplementation in improving the lipid profile of ACS patients. Methods: A total of 40 patients diagnosed with ACS were included in the study. They were divided into control (n=20) and experimental group (n=20). Experimental group received vitamin D supplementation as a single dose of 200,000 IU orally. Baseline vitamin D levels and lipid profile were done. Post sampling was done after an interval of 2 months for the same parameters. Results: The serum levels of cholesterol were decreased significantly in the experimental group (p=0.05) while TG levels showed trend towards a decrease (p=0.084). Serum HDL was increased (p=0.03), while serum LDL (p=0.04) and cholesterol ratio (p=0.012) were decreased significantly. Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation improved lipid profile in ACS patients, and can be used as adjunct therapy in ACS patients.
Pak J Physiol 2022;18(1):32?5
JOURNEY OF EDUCATIONAL LEADERS IN BRINGING CURRICULAR REFORM IN MEDICAL EDUCATION IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Javed Sana , Yasmeen Rahila , Naveed Ayesha
Published: July 2024

Background: Reforms in medical school need strong leadership to create an environment for effective adaptation. The aim of this study was to identify the challenges faced and strategies used by educational leaders during their journey of bringing the curricular reform at their respective institutions. Methods: This qualitative study was carried out across four institutes in Pakistan. Purposive sampling technique was used, and 14 medical educationists involved in curricular reforms participated. In depth semi structured interviews were conducted to explore the journey of educational leaders, the medical educationists who were involved in guiding the faculty in improving the educational processes in the institutes. Thematic analysis of the interviews was done. Results: The major challenges identified can be broadly grouped into two categories: student and faculty related. The underlying common principle in the journey of leaders was to remain aware of the emerging situations and take decisions accordingly. Conclusion: As leaders navigating the change, they must be prepared for the uncertainty and unexpected events and adapt themselves to the changing environment, and deal with perseverance.
Pak J Physiol 2022;18(1):53–7
TERATOGENIC EFFECTS OF TOPICALLY APPLIED PARAPHENYLENEDIAMINE ON THE RAT FOETUS
Authors: Manzoor Shagufta , Baseer Najma , Awan Sarmud Latif , Huma Zilli , Gillani Irum , Kiyani Ziyad Afzal , Farooq Humza
Published: July 2024

Background: Paraphenylenediamine (PPD) is an organic compound used in hair dye. It causes local and systemic side-effects. Not much is known regarding its foetotoxic effects. This study aimed at determining the teratogenic effects of topically applied PPD. Methods: This experimental study was carried out at IBMS, Khyber Medical University, and Peshawar Medical College, Peshawar over a period of 6 months. Twenty healthy Sprague Dawely female pregnant rats were divided into 5 groups, i.e., positive control (Group A), control (Group B), and 3 experimental groups (C, D, and E). For group A, 0.1 ml of distilled water was applied topically on back of each rat. For positive control group B, 0.5 ml of dye containing 3% PPD was applied, while for group C, D and E, 1, 2 and 3 mg/Kg dose of PPD respectively was applied for 30 minutes daily. Skin was washed followed by rats mating. After successful fertilization, same doses were repeated for 20 days. Animals were sacrificed and foetuses were examined for skeletal abnormalities and hepatic changes. Skin biopsy of adult rats was examined for any changes. Result: Topically applied PPD resulted in significant teratogenic effects on foetal liver in a dose dependent manner. However, no significant teratogenic effect was observed on foetal skeleton (p=0.075). Topical PPD showed increased epidermal thickening and keratinization on adult rats skin. Conclusion: PPD has significant dermal effects on adult rats and teratogenic effects on liver of rat foetuses but no significant effects were observed on foetal skeleton.
Pak J Physiol 2022;18(2):15?21