bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementasi Deep Learning Menggunakan Vision Transformer Untuk Klasifikasi Penyakit Daun Padi
Authors: Febriyanto Tri , Syofian Suzuki
Published: February 2025

Padi merupakan makanan pokok penting yang berperan signifikan dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat Indonesia. Namun, produksi padi sering terancam oleh berbagai penyakit daun yang disebabkan oleh patogen seperti jamur, hama, bakteri, dan virus. Beberapa penyakit daun padi yang umum termasuk Blas (Blast), Bercak Coklat (Brown Spot), Hawar Daun Bakteri (Bacterial Leaf Blight), dan Tungro. Kemajuan teknologi saat ini, khususnya dalam bidang Deep Learning, menawarkan solusi potensial untuk mengatasi tantangan tersebut. Deep Learning, sebagai sub-bidang Machine Learning, mengadopsi algoritma yang terinspirasi dari cara kerja otak manusia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Vision Transformer (ViT) dengan arsitektur ViT B16 untuk mengklasifikasikan penyakit daun padi. Dataset yang digunakan terdiri dari 1253 gambar, termasuk 419 gambar untuk penyakit Bercak Coklat, 355 gambar untuk penyakit Blast, 209 gambar untuk penyakit Hawar Daun Bakteri, dan 270 gambar untuk penyakit Tungro. Dataset dibagi menjadi 70% untuk pelatihan, 15% untuk validasi, dan 15% untuk pengujian. Pelatihan dilakukan dengan batch size 32, 50 epoch, dan menggunakan optimizer Adam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model yang dikembangkan mencapai akurasi, presisi, recall, dan f1-score sebesar 96%.
Chatbot Berbasis Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) untuk Peningkatan Layanan Informasi Sekolah
Authors: Elysia Shafa , Herianto
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan mengembangkan sistem chatbot berbasis model Transformers dengan metode Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) untuk layanan informasi di SMP Santo Leo III. Chatbot ini dirancang untuk meningkatkan aksesibilitas dan efisiensi penyampaian informasi, meliputi peraturan sekolah, kegiatan ekstrakurikuler, kalender akademik, dan informasi relevan lainnya. Model yang digunakan adalah LLaMA-3-8B-Instruct, Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.3, dan Zephyr-7B-β. Pengujian terhadap dataset yang berisi 30 pertanyaan terkait informasi sekolah menunjukkan bahwa model LLaMA-3-8B-Instruct dan Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.3 mencapai akurasi 100%, sementara Zephyr-7B-β mencapai akurasi 70%. Integrasi model berbasis Transformers dengan metode RAG terbukti efektif dalam menghasilkan jawaban yang relevan terhadap konteks percakapan, meningkatkan kualitas respons chatbot. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan potensi besar teknologi Transformers dan RAG dalam menciptakan interaksi mesin yang lebih intuitif dan responsif. Solusi ini dirancang dengan fleksibilitas tinggi, memungkinkan penerapannya di sekolah lain dengan penyesuaian minimal terhadap dataset lokal, sehingga menjadi solusi skalabel untuk meningkatkan layanan informasi di sektor pendidikan. Teknologi ini juga mengatasi keterbatasan pada sistem chatbot berbasis menu, aturan, dan machine learning konvensional. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi signifikan dalam pengembangan sistem chatbot untuk meningkatkan efisiensi penyampaian informasi di lingkungan pendidikan.
Perancangan Aplikasi Manajement Latihan Olahraga dengan Metode Naive Bayes dan Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) Berbasis Android
Authors: Tri Mahardika Bagus
Published: February 2025

Olahraga adalah suatu bentuk aktivitas fisik yang terencana dan terstruktur yang melibatkan gerakan tubuh berulang-ulang dan ditujukan untuk meningkatkan kebugaran jasmani atau fisik. Kesehatan olahraga adalah upaya kesehatan yang memanfaatkan olahraga untuk meningkatkan derajat kesehatan seseorang. Olahraga merupakan sebagian dari kebutuhan pokok dalam kehidupan sehari-hari karena olahraga dapat meningkatkan meningkatkan kebugaran tubuh yang diperlukan dalam menjalan aktivitas. Olahraga dapat dimulai sejak usia muda hingga usia lanjut dan dapat dilakukan setiap hari. Dengan sebuah managemen latihan fisik yang cocok masyarakat dapat mendapatkan arahan dan pendorong semangat dalam berolahraga Dengan Sistem Pendukung Keputusan dan sistem operasional yang sesuai kebutuhan, maka akan dapat digunakan untuk membantu user menciptakan managemen latihan fisik yang cocok. Program ini dibuat dengan android sebagai user interface, web sebagai pengelolaan data, dan MySQL sebagai database nya. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa aplikasi managemen latihan fisik ini telah didesain dan bertujuan untuk memudahkan user yang ingin memulai berolahraga tetapi binggung untuk memulai dari mana harus berolahraga, dan juga untuk membuat managemen latihan fisik yang cocok untuk user dan riwayat berat badan user, Sistem berhasil memberikan prioritas latihan yang relevan berdasarkan bobot kriteria, dengan latihan beban sebagai pilihan terbaik pada data contoh yang digunakan.
Actuación de Enfermería en la quimiohipertermia en pacientes con cáncer de vejiga
Authors: Serna Céspedes Alejandra
Published: February 2025

Introducción: El tratamiento de quimiohipertermia va adquiriendo
mayor importancia dentro de los tratamientos existentes en el cáncer
de vejiga. Los profesionales de enfermería deben abordar el cuidado
de los pacientes de manera integral, aportando distintas competencias
en las actuaciones del día a día. La actuación de enfermería comienza
antes de proceder a realizar la técnica de quimiohipertermia, valorando
el grado de conocimiento que tiene el paciente sobre la enfermedad y
resolviendo las dudas que puedan surgirle antes del procedimiento
realizado por los profesionales sanitarios.

Material y Método: El proyecto se llevará a cabo por los profesionales
de enfermería en la unidad de vejiga. Se ha realizado una revisión
sistemática de la literatura existente donde el objetivo es conocer el
grado de actuación que presentan los profesionales de enfermería en la
aplicación de la quimiohipertermia y la percepción del paciente ante
el tratamiento.

Resultados: Se han encontrado diferentes alternativas en el tratamiento
del cáncer de vejiga.

Discusión: El tratamiento con mitomicina es un tratamiento seguro que
comporta una menor tasa de recurrencia en el cáncer de vejiga.

Conclusión: Las revisiones más recientes destacan la importancia
de la quimiohipertermia comparada con otros tratamientos; sin embargo,
hay una carencia de información sobre la participación de enfermería
en la técnica y administración de este tratamiento. La implementación
de una actuación de enfermería más definida podría contribuir
significativamente a mejorar la calidad y el cuidado proporcionado
al paciente.
Estudio de la satisfación de los pacientes con autocateterismo
Authors: Lorenzo García Carlos
Published: February 2025

Introducción: El cateterismo limpio intermitente (CLI) es el gold
estándar en el tratamiento de las patologías que cursan con alteraciones
del vaciado vesical, sin embargo, no está lo suficientemente difundida en
ciertos sectores, por considerar que es un tratamiento no satisfactorio para
el paciente.
Objetivo: Valorar la utilidad, adaptación y satisfacción del paciente al
procedimiento del cateterismo intermitente limpio en una Unidad de
Urodinámica.
Machine Learning-Based Music Classiffcation and Recommendation System from Spotify
Authors: Nilesh Bhaskarrao Bahadure  , Muktinath Vishwakarma  , Manish P. Kurhekar  , Jagdish Chandra Patni  , Prasenjeet D. Patil
Published: February 2025

Music holds signiffcant importance in our daily lives, serving as an earnest element. Amidst the vast expanse of available information, our objective lies in sieving through data to present users with relevant music or song content aligning with their interests and objectives. To improve music recommendation accuracy and real-time recommendation ability, we propose a hybrid music recommendation model based on a Popularity-based Song Recommender System, a Personalized Song Recommender System, and a Content-based Music Recommendation System. Our endeavor focuses on constructing a music recommendation system, which operates as a ffltering mechanism predicting user preferences in music based on their inclinations. This approach employs content ffltering techniques leveraging data characteristics to reffne recommendations. Our model, tailored to accommodate diverse instances and datasets, demonstrates robust performance. The devised song recommendation system exhibits notable efffcacy and sustained reliability. Encouraging outcomes, boasting an accuracy of 90.4%, furnish novel insights, laying the groundwork for future exploration in song recommendation systems.
Unveiling Human Essence: Deep Learning in Personality Traits Detection
Authors: Nouha Arfaoui  , Mariem Mkhini  , Aboubacar Sidiki Sidibe  , Bertille Baron  , Serawork Wallelign
Published: February 2025

Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Deep Learning (DL) are two branches of Artiffcial Intelligence (AI). They offer several methods, models and algorithms to facilitate the user work. The ffrst one satisffes the requirement for natural language interaction between a user and the machine. The second one is based on multi-layered neural networks to simulate the human brain function in order to recognize complex patterns in structured and unstructured data. In this work, we propose exploiting the performances of NLP and DL to automate the detection of the personality traits from text. The personality is considered as the combination of various factors including behavior, emotion, thoughts, etc. The detection of personality traits has a crucial impact on our daily life improving, hence, our personal growth, social interactions, professional environments, customer experiences, and more. Many works in the literature proposed solutions to study the different personality traits from text. Because of the huge amount of data extracted from emails, social medias, etc., automating this task becomes crucial hence the use of DL and NLP. To achieve our goal, we implement three different approaches. We evaluate them and we compare them to extract the best one to our case. We used, for this purpose, Big Five dataset which represents the ffve traits of a person which are Openness, Conscientiousness, Extroversion, Agreeableness and Neuroticism. We used, also, NRC Emotion Lexicon which is a list of English words used to facilitate the extraction of emotional nuances from text data.
The impact of teacher intervention on early writing development in kindergarten 1 students
Authors: Kanwal Kiran
Published: February 2025

This research looks at how teachers use purposeful interventions, with specific consideration for parent engagement, planned errors, sensory activities, and scaffolding practices to help kids (3.5–4 years old) develop early writing competencies. A quasi-experimental research method separated 26 students into two study groups to conduct the investigation. The intervention group experienced structured support because their teachers demonstrated letter formations and employed error correction methods while guiding selected fine motor activities and using kinesthetic methods. It showed better fine motor performance as well as improved letter writing abilities and enhanced writing quality than students in the control group. The techniques led educational students to develop better pincer grip skills together with improved written proportions and improved entire letter formation structure. Students’ skill acquisition speeded up as well as their motivation because of the combined approach of multisensory learning with parent involvement and both groups showed improved application of learned skills during autonomous play sessions. Data confirms that students need purpose-driven training methods combined with interactive activities along with scaffolding support systems to build their writing competencies along with self-assurance and base skills. Future educational research requirements must examine the long-term effects of these approaches in different educational contexts.
Evaluation of challenges faced by the early childhood care and education due to the shortage of teachers in Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Muhammad Rafiq-uz-Zaman
Published: February 2025

Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) is essential in developing young children's fundamental cognitive and social-emotional skills. This research examines the difficulties encountered by early ECCE in Punjab, Pakistan, specifically highlighting teacher shortages, insufficient teacher training, and the underutilization of available resources. Using a mixed-method approach, data were collected from 40 ECCE schools in Bahawalnagar District. Data were collected quantitatively from the School Information System (SIS), and qualitative data were gathered through interviews from caretakers of ECCE rooms and classroom observations. Research indicates a severe teacher shortage in Punjab, where 107,372 teaching positions are unfilled, with 3,984 vacancies concentrated in Bahawalnagar. More than 95% of ECCE teachers and caregivers are deficient in essential skills; conversely, over 50% of educational institutions cannot utilize ECCE kits to their full potential due to insufficient training. Overcrowding is widespread, with approximately 70% of schools combining ECCE, Playgroup, and Nursery classes under a single caretaker, ultimately compromising educational standards. The situation delivers fewer results because government policies fail and organizations waste available resources. The research recommends filling the vacant posts of teachers, launch teachers’ trainings programs with ECCE. By addressing the challenges ECCE will be fruitful for ECCE learners.
Mollusc Fauna (Mollusca: Gastropoda and Bivalvia) of the Belchishko Blato Wetland, Republic of North Macedonia
Authors: Dedov К. Ivaylo , Hristovski Slavcho , Kutanoski Slobodan
Published: February 2025

Twenty terrestrial gastropod species are reported from the Belchishko Blato wetland, which is proposed to be declared as a nature park in the Republic of North Macedonia. Vertigo moulinsiana (Dupuy, 1849) (Desmoulin’s whorl snail), which is a species listed in the European Habitats Directive, is recorded for the first time in this country. Columella edentula (Draparnaud, 1805) is registered in its second locality for the country. Four freshwater gastropod species were found for the first time for this wetland area.
СРПСКО И ЈУГОСЛОВЕНСКО ПИТАЊЕ У ГЛЕДИШТИМА ЉУБОМИРА СТОЈАНОВИЋA С ОСВРТОМ НА БОСНУ И ХЕРЕГОВИНУ (1918–1928)
Authors: Лукић Александар
Published: February 2025

Љубомир Стојановић, научник и политичар, одлучно је прекинуо са монархијским обликом владавине у време Солунског процеса 1917. године, посвећујући се ширењу и остварењу републиканских идеја у политичком животу новостворене југословенске државе. Идеја нацио- налног ослобођења и уједињења српског народа била је камен темељац на којој је заснивао своје погледе и тумачења републиканства. Припадао је оној генерацији која је, помогнута млађим нараштајима и заједно са њима „осуђена на политичку и националну борбу“, са великим успехом на- стављала започето дело ослобођења и уједињења српског народа, између осталог и у Босни и Херцеговини. У раду су приказани и анализирани по- гледи и деловање Љубомира Стојановића у питањима српства и југосло- венства између осталог и на простору Босне и Херцеговине, о којима је писао у склопу једног ширег проблема решења југословенског питања у оквирима југословенске државе, те за које се борио принципијелно и упор- но у својим јавним иступима. Рад је настао на основу извора похрањених у Архиву Српске академије наука и уметности, штампе и историографске литературе.
ПРВОДЕЦЕМБАРСКО УЈЕДИЊЕЊЕ У ЈАВНОСТИ БОСНЕ И ХЕРЦЕГОВИНЕ 1918. И 1919. ГОДИНЕ
Authors: Милошевић Боривоје
Published: February 2025

Послије пробоја Солунског фронта и ослобођења тери- торије предратне Краљевине Србије, почетком новембра 1918. године на изричиту молбу Народног вијећа СХС српска војска ступила је на тло не- кадашње Аустроугарске монархије. Позив српској војсци услиједио је као посљедица немогућности локалних власти у Хрватској и Босни и Херцего- вини да осигурају унутрашњи ред и мир и одупру се надирању италијан- ских снага на Јадрану. Извори указују да је српска војска дочекивана са радошћу и великим надама, у већински српским срединама са истинским одушевљењем. Прводецембарско уједињење поздрављено је широм Бо- сне и Херцеговине као један од најважнијих датума у историји, који је тре- бао означити срећнију будућност свих јужнословенских народа. Стварање прве југословенске државе поздравили су и они појединци или групе који су уочи и током рата представљали снажан ослонац аустроугарским вла- стима. Годину дана касније прводецембарски оптимизам је спласнуо, а међунационалне напетости и страначки сукоби рађали су прве озбиљније сумње у будућност Краљевине СХС.
Praktik Mindfulness pada Dewasa Awal Menggunakan Gantungan Kunci “Mindkey”
Authors:   Tarumanagara University, Cokki Cokki , Meidy Jessisca ,   Tarumanagara University, Ocberta Natalie ,   Tarumanagara University, Yunetta Cintya ,   Tarumanagara University, Febrianti Anjeli ,   Tarumanagara University, Febriani Wellen ,   Tarumanagara University
Published: February 2025

The high level of psychological issues faced by young adults in Indonesia is a pressing problem that needs immediate attention, as it can impact an individual's life satisfaction. The strategy employed in this PKM (Student Creativity Program) is mindfulness practice using a keychain. The keychain, designed for a week-long mindfulness practice, is named "Mindkey." The implementation of this PKM involved four stages: preparation, execution, realization, and evaluation. The execution stage involved 213 young adult participants to select the final design of the Mindkey product from three available designs: one created by the PKM Team, one by a freelance design service, and one generated by AI (Midjourney). Participants also validated that the design and affirmation phrases on the Mindkey keychain were effective in motivating young adults to practice mindfulness. The selected design was produced by a trusted vendor and distributed to partners in need.
Phase field simulation of dendrite growth in solid-state lithium batteries based on mechanical mechaincal-thermo-electrochemical coupling
Authors: Hou Peng-Yang  , Xie Jia-Miao  , Li Jing-Yang  , Zhang Peng  , Li Zhao-Kai  , Hao Wen-Qian  , Tian Jia  , Wang Zhe  , Li Fu-Zheng  ,   1 School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China;,   2 Beijing Tsing Aero Armament Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 102100, China;,   3 School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China;,   4 Beijing Institute of Mechanical Equipment, Beijing 100854, China
Published: February 2025

Solid-state lithium batteries possess numerous advantages, including high energy density, excellent cycle stability, superior mechanical strength, non-flammability, enhanced safety, and extended service life. These characteristics make them highly suitable for applications in aerospace, new energy vehicles, and portable electronic devices. However, lithium dendrite growth at the electrode/electrolyte interface remains a critical challenge, limiting both performance and safety. The growth of lithium dendrites within the electrolyte not only reduces the battery’s Coulombic efficiency but also risks piercing the electrolyte, leading to internal short circuits between the anode and cathode. This study addresses the issue of lithium dendrite growth in solid-state lithium batteries by employing phase-field theory for numerical simulations. A phase-field model is developed, coupling the mechanical stress field, thermal field, and electrochemical field, to investigate the morphology and evolution of lithium dendrites under different ambient temperatures, external pressures, and their combined effects. The results indicate that higher temperatures and greater external pressures significantly suppress lithium dendrite growth, leading to fewer side branches, smoother surfaces, and more uniform electrochemical deposition. Increased external pressure inhibits longitudinal dendrite growth, resulting in a compressed morphology with higher specific surface area and compactness, though at the cost of increased mechanical instability. Similarly, elevated ambient temperatures enhance lithium-ion diffusion and reaction rates, which further suppress dendrite growth rates and sizes. The combined effects of temperature and pressure exhibit a pronounced inhibitory influence on dendrite growth, with stress concentrating at the dendrite roots. This stress distribution promotes lateral growth, facilitating the formation of flatter and denser lithium deposits.
A conformational fingerprint for amyloidogenic light chains
Authors: Paissoni Cristina , Puri Sarita , Broggini Luca , Sriramoju Manoj K , Maritan Martina , Russo Rosaria , Speranzini Valentina , Ballabio Federico , Nuvolone Mario , Merlini Giampaolo , Palladini Giovanni , Hsu Shang-Te Danny , Ricagno Stefano , Camilloni Carlo
Published: February 2025

Immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis (AL) and multiple myeloma (MM) both share the overproduction of a clonal light chain (LC). However, while LCs in MM remain soluble in circulation, AL LCs misfold into toxic soluble species and amyloid fibrils that accumulate in organs, leading to distinct clinical manifestations. The significant sequence variability of LCs has hindered understanding of the mechanisms driving LC aggregation. Nevertheless, emerging biochemical properties, including dimer stability, conformational dynamics, and proteolysis susceptibility, distinguish AL LCs from those in MM under native conditions. This study aimed to identify a conformational fingerprint distinguishing AL from MM LCs. Using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) under native conditions, we analyzed four AL and two MM LCs. We observed that AL LCs exhibited a slightly larger radius of gyration and greater deviations from X-ray crystallography-determined or predicted structures, reflecting enhanced conformational dynamics. SAXS data, integrated with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, revealed a conformational ensemble where LCs adopt multiple states, with variable and constant domains either bent or straight. AL LCs displayed a distinct, low-populated, straight conformation (termed H state), which maximized solvent accessibility at the interface between constant and variable domains. Hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) experimentally validated this H state. These findings reconcile diverse experimental observations and provide a precise structural target for future drug design efforts.
Increased glycoprotein hormone yield in stably transfected CHO cells using human serum albumin signal peptide for beta-chains
Authors: Sinegubova Maria V. , Kolesov Denis E. , Vorobiev Ivan I. , Orlova Nadezhda A.
Published: February 2025

Heterologous signal peptides enable increasing titers of recombinant proteins in mammalian cell culture. Four human heterodimeric glycoprotein hormones (follicle-stimulating hormone, FSH; luteinizing hormone, LH; chorionic gonadotropin, CG; and thyroid-stimulating hormone, TSH) were expressed in stably transfected CHO cells when varying signal peptides of their β-subunits. The signal peptide of human serum albumin proved to be the most effective for the glycoprotein hormone family. The cell specific productivity was increased for LH (2.5 pg/cell, 4-fold increase), TSH (1.6 pg/cell, 13-fold increase), and CG (1.0 pg/cell, 60%-increase). According to the Western blotting and quantitative PCR data, the productivity increase is associated with an increase in the efficiency of translation and translocation of β-subunits of hormones in the endoplasmic reticulum due to their coupling with the heterologous signal peptides.
Preparation and analysis of quinoa active protein (QAP) and its mechanism of inhibiting Candida albicans from a transcriptome perspective
Authors: Zhang Xufei , Zheng Chunmei , Ge Wenxuan , Li Xueying , Wang Xiuzhang , Sun Yanxia , Wu Xiaoyong
Published: February 2025

The globe cultivation and industrial production of quinoa have been steadily increasing. Nevertheless, the full potential of quinoa’s nutritional and economic benefits remains underexploited. This study investigates the isolation and purification of quinoa active protein (QAP) through the precipitation method using ammonium sulfate from a phosphate extraction solution. The purification process involved gel filtration chromatography with Sephadex G-75 and Sephadex G-50 columns to obtain QAP fractions exhibiting inhibitory effects against Candida albicans (C. albicans). A comprehensive series of experiments was undertaken to examine the antifungal properties of these fractions. Proteomic analysis was employed to elucidate the composition of the active proteins. Furthermore, the activities of succinate dehydrogenase, Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase, and catalase in C. albicans following treatment with QAP were quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The effects of QAP on the cell morphology of C. albicans cultured on Spider agar medium was further investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis was conducted to investigate the alterations in gene expression in C. albicans cells subjected to QAP treatment. To elucidate the functional significance of these expression changes, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were performed. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was subsequently employed to validate the observed changes in gene expression. Our findings demonstrate that QAP exhibits inhibitory effects against C. albicans, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 182 µg/mL. Through proteomic analysis, a definitive set of 18 active quinoa proteins was identified. At the molecular level, genes associated with hyphal development, cell wall and membrane integrity, cellular respiration, and energy metabolism were found to be enriched. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis revealed that these QAP inhibit the growth of C. albicans hyphae, compromise cell wall and membrane integrity, and suppress oxidative phosphorylation. These disruptions collectively impair normal cellular metabolic activities, thereby exerting an inhibitory effect on C. albicans.
O Problema do Caixeiro Viajante de Minimização da Emissão de CO2: Estado da Arte no Contexto da Descarbonização da Mobilidade Urbana
Authors: Santana Alexsandra
Published: February 2025

Apresenta as variantes do Problema do Caixeiro Viajante [TSP], com a função objetivo de minimização da emissão de CO2. O TSP é um problema clássico de otimização combinatória, classificado como Problema NP-Difícil. Esta pesquisa justifica-se por identificar as contribuições metodológicas e lacunas de pesquisa, que justifiquem o escopo paradigmático do Problema do Caixeiro Viajante Sustentável [TSPSM], um novo problema de pesquisa, com a perspectiva mitigadora e de resiliência autoregenerativa. Emergente no contexto da descarbonização da mobilidade urbana, e cenário de avanço de mudanças e catástrofes climáticas.  O TSPSM considera o alcance de carbono zero. O objetivo é identificar como a função objetivo das novas variantes do TSP minimiza a emissão de CO2. A pesquisa delimita-se aos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Computação brasileiros e publicações internacionais. A metodologia da revisão utilizou termos de busca controlados, junto às Bibliotecas de Teses e Dissertações e bases internacionais: Science Direct, Springer e IEEE XPlorer. Como resultado da pesquisa no contexto brasileiro o indicador é de escassez. Quanto à pesquisa internacional, há tendência de crescimento entre 2010 e 2024, apesar de intervalos de pesquisa entre os períodos de 2011; 2013; 2014 e 2022. Com a análise do corpus de 102 artigos, conclui-se uma síntese classificatória do TSP de minimização de CO2, abrangendo o problema do roteamento de veículos em múltiplos contextos urbanos. Apesar de indicadores chaves para um desempenho de sustentabilidade, tais como as principais características de decisão, a abrangência dessas modelagens não suporta os parâmetros estocásticos que configuram a nova mobilidade urbana em processo de descarbonização. Assim, o TSPSM perspectiva a otimização de fatores tecnológicos mitigadores da emissão de CO2, conforme suporta a integração e restrições tecnológicas deste novo cenário.
Regarding the teaching of genetics in our country
Authors: Astaurov Boris
Published: February 2025

Boris Lvovich Astaurov, an outstanding biologist and geneticist of the 20th century, wrote an article "On the teaching of genetics in our country" in 1963, but it was not published. The typewritten text was kept in the scientist's archive for many years. For the first time, the journal Priroda publishes a full version of this polemical work with a scientific commentary.
The Role of Caesarius of Arles in the Ecclesiastical Policy of Alaric II
Authors: Omelchenko Darya
Published: February 2025

In the short period between Caesarius’ election as bishop of Arles in December 502 (or 503) and the death of the Arian king Alaric II in the late summer of 507, the most important events for the Visigothic (Toulouse) kingdom took place: the promulgation of the «Breviary of Alaric» and the holding of the church council at Agde (506). These events should have consolidated the state, which was essential in the face of the military threat from the Franks. An obstacle to consolidation was the religious and legal differences between the majority of the population, the Gallo-Romans, who practiced catholic (Nicene) Christianity, and the Visigothic minority, who practiced Arianism. The Council of Agde can be considered the first national council of the Visigothic kingdom: it was held with the support of the king and representatives of all the Gallic ecclesiastical provinces of the Alaric state travelled there. The king appointed Caesarius to preside over the council and intended to make him the head of the Catholic Church of the Visigothic kingdom. However, the death of Alaric in the battle of Vouillé prevented the realization of plans. The background of Alaric’s special attitude towards Caesarius should be sought in the historically conditioned status of Arles, the ambitions of several generations of metropolitans of Arles, as well as in the personal qualities of the bishop.
Число “Пи” идентифицировали до 105 триллионов знаков после запятой
Authors: Morozov A.
Published: February 2025

Имея заданный круг, построить квадрат той же площади - это и есть задача о квадратуре круга. Или ещё проще: определить сторону квадрата, площадь которого точно равна площади заданного круга. На решение этой задачки ушло более 2000 лет. Впрочем, что значит “решение” - всего лишь доказательство того, что эта задача не имеет точного решения. Именно в этой задаче и возникает число “пи”: 3,1415926... - отношение длины окружности к её диаметру (часто используется соотношение 22/7).
КРИЗИС В ТЕХАСЕ: ПРИЧИНЫ И УРОКИ
Authors: Emelyanov A.
Published: February 2025

Часто именно кризисы и катастрофы оказываются драйверами развития, служат стимулом к прогрессу и поводом для решения накопившихся проблем. Статья предлагает анализ энергетического кризиса, имевшего место в Техасе в феврале 2021 г. Рассматриваются истоки и причины кризиса, включая историю развития и особенности электроэнергетической сети штата: проблемы с газовой инфраструктурой, роль возобновляемых источников энергии и энерго-эффективность зданий. В статье, в частности, показано, что вопреки распространенному мнению возобновляемые источники энергии не были причиной этого кризиса. Как результат анализа, делаются выводы об уроках произошедшего и о путях предотвращения подобных кризисов в будущем. Статья может стать ресурсом для специалистов в области энергетики и для всех, кто интересуется энергетической безопасностью и кризисными явлениями в этой области.
РАЗВИТИЯ ЗЕЛЁНОЙ ЭНЕРГЕТИКИ В АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНСКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКЕ
Authors: Poptsov Dmitriy
Published: February 2025

В статье рассматриваются предпосылки для развития “зелёной” энергетики в Азербайджанской Республике, приводится обзор ключевых проектов, реализуемых в стране для увеличения “зелёной” генерации. Также осуществлен анализ особенностей производства низкоуглеродного водорода в республике с учётом имеющихся конкурентных преимуществ и ограничений. Отмечается, что власти Азербайджана заинтересованы в развитии “зелёной” энергетики в стране, но большое значение имеет успешная реализация уже заявленных крупных проектов, в том числе по прокладке подводного кабеля Black Sea Energy.
ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИЙ ПЕРЕХОД И ЭНЕРГОСБЕРЕЖЕНИЕ: АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ И РЕАЛЬНЫЕ ПРИОРИТЕТЫ РАЗВИТИЯ СТРАНЫ
Authors: Guhman Galina
Published: February 2025

по курсу “Современные проблемы энерго- и ресурсосбережения в теплоэнергетике, теплотехнике и теплотехнологиях”, предназначенное для студентов, обучающихся по направлению “Теплоэнергетика и теплотехника”.
Надо ли бояться четвёртой волны искусственного интеллекта
Authors: Vladimirsky Boris
Published: February 2025

Большинство глобальных проблем, с которыми сталкивается человечество, от изменения климата и продовольственной безопасности до кризисных явлений в разных странах, чрезвычайно сложны. Если бы у нас были машины, которые могли бы “думать” так же как люди или лучше - быстрее и без утомления,- тогда шансов решить эти проблемы было бы больше. Перспективы развития технологий искусственного интеллекта и анализирует автор текста.
Вентильно-индукторный двигатель для нефтегазовой отрасли
Authors: Nikiforov Boris
Published: February 2025

В данной работе предлагается вентильно-индукторный двигатель для поршневого компрессора мощностью 600 кВт применительно к нефтегазовым платформам. Двигатель спроектирован и изготовлен с использованием опыта разработки одного из первых морских индукторных двигателей компрессорной станции мощностью 17.5 кВт. Расчёт и моделирование электродвигателя выполнены посредством метода конечных элементов.
Системный подход к охране природы: методология планирования общественных экологических кампаний
Authors: Chuprov Vladimir
Published: February 2025

Настоящая работа - это результат наблюдений за множеством общественных экологических кампаний в России и мире в течение 30 последних лет. Она может оказаться полезной для всех, так или иначе связанных как с работой в области охраны окружающей среды и экологизации общественного сознания, так и с деятельностью хозяйствующих субъектов в России и на международном уровне. В статье предлагается взглянуть на общественные экологические кампании с позиции системного подхода. Автор пытается оценить роль экологического движения в жизни общества как драйвера трансформации социальных систем. Применение предлагаемой методологии, основанной на системном подходе, может способствовать более чёткому пониманию сути общественных кампаний и повышению эффективности их планирования в результате выявления целей, связанных с достижением устойчивых изменений социальных систем. Предлагаемая к рассмотрению методология открыта для критики и дальнейшего развития.
Fruit Morphological Response of F200 Pineapple Ananas comosus (L.) Merr as Influenced by Gibberellic Acid Application and Calcium Supplements
Authors: Cuambot Freddie D. , Jr. Cesar A. Limbaga
Published: February 2025

The study investigated the influence of different levels of Gibberellic Acid (GA3) applied alone or in combination with Calcium from field production and fruit growth development of F200 pineapple. Pineapple plants applied with GA3 alone at any level from 100 to 300ppm and calcium by 10ml to 20ml/li delayed the days of maturity at 13 days and 2 days, respectively. Application of GA3 increased fruit edible portion, number of fruitlets and width of center fruitlet (mm), fruit weight, and crown length at harvestable age. Fruits of pineapple plants sprayed with GA3 at 300ppm were heavier than fruits of pineapple plants sprayed at 100ppm of GA3 to about 2.54 kg and 1.52 kg with and without crown, respectively. The pineapple's crown length improved by combining the application of GA3 at 300 ppm and calcium at 20ml/li.
Evaluating the Effect of Tunnelling on Tax Aggressiveness Among Listed Non-financial Multinational Corporations (MNCs) In Nigeria
Authors: M. A Awodiran , B. O Lanre-Jimoh, , A. A. Jabar
Published: February 2025

This research aimed to examine the effect of tunnelling on tax aggressiveness (proxy by Effective Tax Rate (ETR) and Cash Effective tax rate (CAETR) among listed multinational corporations (MNCs) in Nigeria, alongside exploring how managerial ownership moderates this relationship. A quantitative approach was adopted, employing an ex post facto and longitudinal design to analyse the interplay between variables. Secondary data was sourced from the financial statements of multinational manufacturing firms listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group over a decade, from 2012 to 2022. The population included 14 non-financial multinational corporations listed in Nigeria by the end of the 2022 financial year. Based on availability of data, 10 firms were purposively selected as sample size. Panel regression techniques, specifically the random effects model, were applied to evaluate the relationships between the variables. The findings from the panel regression analysis indicated that tax tunnelling positively and significantly influenced tax aggressiveness when assessed by Effective Tax Rate (ETR) (β=2.568, p<0.05), while it had a negative and significant effect when evaluated through Cash Effective Tax Rate CAETR (β= -60.244, p<0.05). This study builds on existing research concerning tax aggressiveness by focusing on the influence of tunnelling among multinational corporations in Nigeria and investigating the moderating effect of managerial ownership on the relationship between tax tunnelling and tax aggressiveness within this context.
Chemical Disinfectants in Disease Management and Productivity Enhancement in Mulberry Sericulture: A Review
Authors: R Kishan Kumar , K Sowmiya , Rahman Tanvi , Ahamed Mohammed Jawad , S Jashwanth
Published: February 2025

The sericulture industry, focused on producing silk from Bombyx morisilkworms, is highly vulnerable to pathogenic outbreaks due to the domestication of silkworms, which has diminished their natural immunity. Pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, are common threats in silkworm rearing and significantly impact silk production. The use of chemical disinfectants in sericulture has proven to be an essential tool in mitigating these threats by maintaining hygienic rearing conditions. This paper reviews the importance, mechanisms, and application of chemical disinfectants in disease management and highlights their role in enhancing sericulture productivity.
Nutritional Potential of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai) Genotypes with Different Flesh Colours
Authors: V Ansaba , T Pradeepkumar , M S Kutty , V I Beena , J S Minimol , C R Rashmi
Published: February 2025

Watermelon is a popular and widely consumed fruit that is thirst-quenching and nutritious, containing abundant health-promoting phytonutrients, minerals, and antioxidants. The present study assessed the nutritional potential of twenty watermelon genotypes with different flesh colours, such as red, pink, orange, yellow, and white. This study was conducted in the experimental field of the Department of Vegetable Science at Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur during two growing seasons (December-March) of 2021-2022 and 2022-2023. A significant variation (p=0.05) was seen in nutritional quality characteristics such as lycopene, beta-carotene, citrulline, and ascorbic acid levels across various watermelon genotypes with different flesh colours. Lycopene and beta-carotene content varied from 0.037 to 66.963 µg/g and 0.037 to 7.423 µg/g, respectively, based on fresh weight. Citrulline content ranged from 843.810 ppm to 2589.750 ppm. Ascorbic acid content ranged from 21.410 to 49.827 mg/kg on a fresh weight basis. The findings indicated that watermelon genotypes with red flesh are good source of lycopene and ascorbic acid. While the highest beta-carotene content was found in orange flesh genotypes. Both orange and yellow flesh watermelon genotypes exhibited supremacy of citrulline content compared to those with red and pink flesh. White-fleshed watermelon genotypes exhibited the lowest levels of lycopene and beta-carotene content. There were significant differences in the yield per plant among various flesh-coloured genotypes of watermelon. Therefore, the findings of this study are crucial for the development of nutritionally enhanced watermelon varieties. This will also help consumers in selecting different flesh-coloured watermelons based on their dietary preferences.
Assessment of Modulatory Effect of Some Synthetic Food Dyes (Carmoisine and Tartrazine) on Gut Microbiota of Albino Rats
Authors: Concilia Onugha, Nneka , Pius Monsi, Tombari , Ollor Ollor, Amba
Published: February 2025

Background: Food additives are commonly used to improve the color, taste, aroma, texture, and nutritional quality of processed foods.
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the artificial food colors carmoisine and tartrazine on the intestinal microbiota of rats.
Study Design: An experimental design approach was chosen. Using a randomized control method, twenty (20) albino rats were divided into five groups of four (4) rats each.
Methods: 0.1 g of each dye was weighed and dissolved in 0.9 ml of water, giving a total of 1 ml administered orally. After two (2) weeks of acute exposure, stool samples were collected aseptically. The plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours and examined for bacterial growth. Bacterial burden and prevalence were determined using conventional and molecular techniques.
Results: The food dyes showed a significant (p=0.0043) reduction in the bacterial load of carmoisine-treated rats compared to the control. Although the other treatment groups had a greatly reduced bacterial load, there were no significant measurements in their means (p<0.05) compared to the control. The frequency and percentage occurrence of bacterial isolates from the sample revealed that E. coli was 74 (29%), Staphylococcus aureus was 68 (26%), Micrococcus species was 65 (25%) and Proteus species by 53 (20%). The result showed that E. coli had the highest number of bacteria. The before-exposure group of rats were observed to have the highest bacterial abundances ranging from 28 (41.2%) to 21 (39.6%). While the lowest occurrences were noted in carmoisine + tartrazine group, which ranges from 6 (8.1%) to 3 (5.7%). The result from the use of the molecular method identified the bacteria as E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas xianmensis, and P. aeruginosa.
Conclusion: This work has shown that artificial food dyes interact with the gut microbiota of rats by reducing them and may result in microbial dysbiosis.
The Savernake horn – a relic of Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray?
Authors: Caldwell David H
Published: February 2025

The Savernake horn, so-called from its ownership by families who were wardens of the English forest of that name, is a fine example of medieval art. It is carved from an elephant tusk and has silver and enamelled mounts with birds and animals as well as images of a bishop, a king and a forester, suggesting commemoration of an agreement on forestry or hunting rights. Its baldric has enamelled mounts with arms recognisable as those of Thomas Randolph, Earl of Moray, Robert Bruce’s leading general. Since the British Museum’s acquisition in 1975 of horn and baldric together, it has been argued that the former was the medieval horn of tenure for Savernake Forest and the latter was a replacement that was not directly relevant to the earlier history of the horn. This paper proposes that horn and baldric always belonged together and are an important relic of one of Scotland’s most illustrious heroes.
Muscle hypertrophy following acquired neurogenic injury: systematic review and analysis of existing literature
Authors: Strano Camilla MM , Bosco Luca , Laurini Christian , Sferruzza Giacomo , Butera Carla , Falzone Yuri M. , Sorrenti Benedetta , Ratti Adele , Tufano Laura , Leonardi Luca , Merlonghi Gloria , Morino Stefania , Gerevini Simonetta , Del Carro Ubaldo , Garibaldi Matteo , Filippi Massimo , Previtali Stefano C
Published: June 2024

Objectives

Neurogenic muscle hypertrophy (NMH) is a rare condition characterized by focal muscle hypertrophy caused by chronic partial nervous injury. Given its infrequency, underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Inspired by two clinical cases, we conducted a systematic review to gain insights into the different aspects of NMH.

Methods

We systematically searched online databases up until May 30, 2023, for reports of muscle hypertrophy attributed to acquired neurogenic factors. We conducted an exploratory analysis to identify commonly associated features. We also report two representative clinical cases.

Results

Our search identified 63 reports, describing 93 NMH cases, to which we added our two cases. NMH predominantly affects patients with compressive radiculopathy (68.4%), negligible muscular weakness (93.3%), and a chronic increase in muscle bulk. A striking finding in most neurophysiological studies (60.0%) is profuse spontaneous discharges, often hindering the analysis of voluntary traces. Some patients exhibited features consistent with more significant muscle damage, including higher creatine phosphokinase levels, muscle pain, and inflammatory muscle infiltration. These patients are sometimes referred to in literature as “focal myositis.” Treatment encompassed corticosteroid, Botulinum Toxin A, decompressive surgery, antiepileptic medications, and nerve blocks, demonstrating varying degrees of efficacy. Botulinum Toxin A yielded the most favorable response in terms of reducing spontaneous discharges.

Interpretation

This systematic review aims to provide a clear description and categorization of this uncommon presentation of an often‐overlooked neurological disorder. Though questions remain about the underlying mechanism, evidence suggests that aberrant fiber overstimulation along with increased workload that promotes focal damage may result in muscle hypertrophy. This may serve as a guide for therapeutic interventions.
Design and comparison of particle swarm optimization tuned Kalman filter based linear quadratic Gaussian controller and linear quadratic regulator for surface to air missile guidance system
Authors: Alitasb Girma Kassa , Beyene Getasew Mekonnen , Salau Ayodeji Olalekan
Published: June 2024

The study of missile guidance systems is a well‐known nonlinear control engineering area of research. To enhance the control performance of a missle guidance system, several technologies have been proposed in existing works. To resolve the weighting matrix selection issue of a linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controller for the surface‐to‐air missile guidance control system, this study utilizes the particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique. Selecting the best state (Q) and input (R) weighting matrices is a significant difficulty in the design of the LQG controller for real‐time applications since it affects the controller's performance and optimality. The weighting matrices are often chosen by a trial‐and‐error method that not only complicates the design but also does not yield optimal outcomes. Therefore, in this paper, a PSO method is developed and used in the design of the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) and LQG controllers for the surface‐to‐air missile control system to choose the elements of the Q and R matrices in the best possible way. Finally, a comparative analysis between the designed controllers was presented. The results shows that a good performance was achieved by using the proposed PSO‐tuned design process. The LQG and LQR are designed by manually adjusting the weighting matrices and utilizing an intelligent procedure, PSO algorithm which achieved optimal results. Further results indicate that the designed controllers, the PSO tuned LQR and LQG achieved a better performance over the manually adjusted LQR and LQG controllers.