bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Energy Balance in the Quiet Sun on Supergranular Spatial and Temporal Scales
Authors: Giannattasio Fabio , Consolini Giuseppe , Berrilli Francesco , Moro Dario Del
Published: November 2020

Small-scale magnetic fields are ubiquitous in the quiet solar photosphere and may store and transfer huge amounts of energy to the upper atmospheric layers. For this reason, it is fundamental to constrain the energetics of the quiet Sun. By taking advantage of a 24 hr long magnetogram time series acquired by the Hinode mission without interruption, we computed, for the first time, the average rate of change of magnetic energy density on supergranular spatial and temporal scales. We found that the regions where this quantity is positive correspond with the longest magnetic field decorrelation times, with the latter being consistent with the timescales of magnetic energy density variation. This suggests that, on average, the energy provided by photospheric electric and magnetic fields and current density is effective in sustaining the magnetic fields in the network.
Magnetic Helicity Flux across Solar Active Region Photospheres. I. Hemispheric Sign Preference in Solar Cycle 24
Authors: Park Sung-Hong , Leka K. D. , Kusano Kanya
Published: November 2020

A hemispheric preference in the dominant sign of magnetic helicity has been observed in numerous features in the solar atmosphere, i.e., left-handed/right-handed helicity in the northern/southern hemisphere. The relative importance of different physical processes that may contribute to the observed hemispheric sign preference (HSP) of magnetic helicity is still under debate. Here, we estimate magnetic helicity flux (dH/dt) across the photospheric surface for 4802 samples of 1105 unique active regions (ARs) that appeared over an 8 yr period from 2010 to 2017 during solar cycle 24, using photospheric vector magnetic field observations by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). The estimates of dH/dt show that 63% and 65% of the investigated AR samples in the northern and southern hemispheres, respectively, follow the HSP. We also find a trend that the HSP of dH/dt increases from ∼50%–60% up to ∼70%–80% as ARs (1) appear at the earlier inclining phase of the solar cycle or higher latitudes and (2) have larger values of

, the total unsigned magnetic flux, and the average plasma-flow speed. These observational findings support the enhancement of the HSP mainly by the Coriolis force acting on a buoyantly rising and expanding flux tube through the turbulent convection zone. In addition, the differential rotation on the solar surface as well as the tachocline α-effect of a flux-transport dynamo may reinforce the HSP for ARs at higher latitudes.
DY Pegasi: An SX Phoenicis Star in a Binary System with an Evolved Companion
Authors: Xue Hui-Fang , Niu Jia-Shu
Published: November 2020

In this work, the photometric data from the American Association of Variable Star Observers are collected and analyzed on the SX Phoenicis star DY Pegasi (DY Peg). From the frequency analysis, we get three independent frequencies: f
0 = 13.71249 c d−1, f
1 = 17.7000 c d−1, and f
2 = 18.138 c d−1, in which f
0 and f
1 are the radial fundamental and first overtone mode, respectively, while f
2 is detected for the first time and should belong to a nonradial mode. The O − C diagram of the times of maximum light shows that DY Peg has a period change rate (1/P
0)(dP
0/dt) = −(5.87 ± 0.03) × 10−8 yr−1 for its fundamental pulsation mode, and should belong to a binary system that has an orbital period P
orb = 15425.0 ± 205.7 days. Based on the spectroscopic information, single star evolutionary models are constructed to fit the observed frequencies. However, some important parameters of the fitted models are not consistent with that from observations. Combing the information from observation and theoretical calculation, we conclude that DY Peg should be an SX Phoenicis star in a binary system and accreting mass from a dust disk, which was the residue of its evolved companion (most probably a hot white dwarf at the present stage) produced in the asymptotic giant branch phase. Further observations are needed to confirm this inference, and it might be potentially a universal formation mechanism and evolutionary history for SX Phoenicis stars.
Study of the 27 Day Variations in GCR Fluxes during 2007–2008 Based on PAMELA and ARINA Observations
Authors: Modzelewska R. , Bazilevskaya G. A. , Boezio M. , Koldashov S. V. , Krainev M. B. , Marcelli N. , Mayorov A. G. , Mayorova M. A. , Munini R. , Troitskaya I. K. , Yulbarisov R. F. , Luo X. , Potgieter M. S. , Aslam O. P. M.
Published: November 2020

Using measurements from the PAMELA and ARINA spectrometers on board the Resurs-DK1 satellite, we have examined the 27 day intensity variations in galactic cosmic ray (GCR) proton fluxes in 2007–2008. The PAMELA and ARINA data allow for the first time a study of time profiles and the rigidity dependence of the 27 day variations observed directly in space in a wide rigidity range from ∼300 MV to several gigavolts. We find that the rigidity dependence of the amplitude of the 27 day GCR variations cannot be described by the same power law at both low and high energies. A flat interval occurs at rigidity

GV with a power-law index γ = −0.13 ± 0.44 for PAMELA, whereas for R ≥ 1 GV, the power-law dependence is evident with index γ  = −0.51 ± 0.11. We describe the rigidity dependence of the 27 day GCR variations for PAMELA and ARINA data in the framework of the modulation potential concept using the force-field approximation for GCR transport. For a physical interpretation, we have considered the relationship between the 27 day GCR variations and solar wind plasma and other heliospheric parameters. Moreover, we have discussed possible implications of MHD modeling of the solar wind plasma together with a stochastic GCR transport model concerning the effects of corotating interaction regions.
New cytogenetic data for three species of Pentatomidae (Heteroptera): Dichelops melacanthus (Dallas, 1851), Loxa viridis (Palisot de Beauvois, 1805), and Edessa collaris (Dallas, 1851)
Authors: Dionísio Jaqueline Fernanda , da Cruz Baldissera Joana Neres , Tiepo Angélica Nunes , Fernandes José Antônio Marin , Sosa-Gómez Daniel Ricardo , da Rosa Renata
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we present new cytogenetic data for three species of the family Pentatomidae: Dichelops melacanthus (Dallas, 1851), Loxa viridis (Palisot de Beauvois, 1805), and Edessa collaris (Dallas, 1851). All studied species presented holocentric chromosomes and inverted meiosis for the sex chromosomes. D. melacanthus has 2n = 12 (10A + XY); L. viridis showed 2n = 14 (12A + XY); and E. collaris showed 2n = 14 (12A + XY). C-banding was performed for the first time in these species and revealed terminal and interstitial heterochromatic regions on the autosomes; DAPI/CMA3 staining showed different fluorescent patterns. In all species, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with 18S rDNA probe identified signals on one autosomal bivalent, this being the first report of FISH application in the species D. melacanthus and L. viridis. The results obtained add to those already existing in the literature, enabling a better understanding of the meiotic behavior of these insects.
16Cr-19Ni steel swelling at dose rates from 1×10-8 to 1.6×10-6 dpa/s
Authors: Kinev Evgeny A.
Published: November 2020

The article presents the first data on EK-164ID steel swelling after operational irradiation in a fast nuclear reactor in the temperature range of 370–630 °C and maximum damaging doses of 66–77 dpa. The dose accumulation rate along the cladding tubes made of this material was 1×10-8–1.6×10-6 dpa/s. The swelling was determined by the hydrostatic weighing method with an error of no more than 0.5%. The results obtained were analyzed depending on the irradiation parameters and in comparison with the 16Cr-15Ni grade material. The objectives of the study were to estimate the characteristic values of the maximum swelling temperature and dose as well as to calculate the average material swelling rate at the working temperature of irradiation, the incubation period for the onset of swelling, and the stationary swelling rate. It was found that the tube samples, characterized with austenite grain sizes of 9–12 µm before irradiation, have an average swelling rate of 0.035–0.05 %/dpa after reaching the maximum damaging doses of 66–77 dpa (at a rate of (1–1.5)×10-6 dpa/s) and not more than 0.035%/dpa at doses less than 20 dpa (at a rate of 5×10-7 dpa/s). The characteristic maximum swelling temperature of the studied material is in the range of 430–500 °C. The characteristic maximum swelling dose is in the range of 61–72.5 dpa or 70–80% of the maximum accumulated dose. The incubation stationary swelling period for the material is 30 dpa. The stationary swelling rate is 0.1% /dpa. The radiation resistance characteristics of the studied material have an advantage over those for 16Cr-15Ni grade cladding materials under similar irradiation conditions and a similar structural state, which inherits grain sizes of 9–14 μm during the tube processing.
Pourquoi avons-nous besoin d’amis ? L’amitié au prisme de l’éthique chez Xun zi
Authors: Yao Xinzhong , Albert Nicole G.
Published: November 2020

À partir des propos sur l’amitié amorcés par les philosophes confucianistes et grecs de l’antiquité, cet article s’intéressera aux points de vue de Xun zi sur le sujet en examinant où et comment il propose une justification morale de l’amitié. Nous montrerons que, tout en s’inscrivant dans le sillage de Confucius et de Mencius, il aborde de façon singulière l’amitié à travers sa propre conception de la nature humaine, de l’étude, et des formes et de la fonction de la communauté humaine. On détaillera ensuite les trois arguments avancés par Xun zi : l’amité permet de surmonter nos tendances innées à la compétition et au conflit ; elle participe aussi de l’étude et de l’éducation, puisque les amis sont analogues à des maîtres en matière d’influence morale et de modèles à suivre ; enfin l’amitié aide les communautés humaines à fonctionner correctement. On en arrivera à la conclusion que cette triple approche constitue chez Xun zi la justification de l’amitié, qui ne diverge pas seulement des raisons avancées par la philosophie grecque mais se différencie plus ou moins des points de vue soutenus par Confucius et Mencius.
L’amitié au-delà de la mort : quelques récits exemplaires dans la Chine ancienne
Authors: Wang Frédéric
Published: November 2020

Bien que la tradition confucéenne place l’amitié en dernière position des cinq relations sociales, les écrits la concernant sont très importants. L’amitié qui lie Bo Ya et Zhong Ziqi trouve son prolongement dans celle de Fan Shi et Zhang Shao, dans la mesure où l’un des amis de ces couples meurt. Ces alliances amicales teintées d’un ton tragique et remontant à l’époque pré-impériale et aux Han ne cessent d’alimenter l’imaginaire des Chinois qui les subliment ou amplifient dans tous les genres littéraires : poésie, théâtre et roman… Tous les auteurs privilégient la fidélité de ces personnages, leur vertu, caractère universel dans ce type de relation sociale. Ils insistent également sur le lien spirituel qui transcende la vie et la mort. À partir de la traduction de ces récits connus et célébrés, nous essayons dans cette étude de montrer comment l’exemplarité de l’amitié s’embellit ou se mythifie et de quelle manière l’intertextualité joue dans la formation du vocabulaire chinois à ce propos.
De l’amitié entre hommes dans le roman moderne japonais : Kokoro ( Le pauvre cœur des hommes , 1914) de Natsume Sôseki
Authors: Dodane Claire
Published: November 2020

Partant du constat que l’amitié n’est pas traitée par les femmes écrivains, cet article relit et analyse la portée du célèbre roman  Kokoro  de l’écrivain Natsume Sôseki (1867-1916), pilier de la littérature japonaise moderne, qui repose sur deux histoires consécutives d’amitié. Un jeune homme découvre l’amitié avec un homme un peu plus âgé, qui a lui-même dans sa jeunesse connu une amitié très vive avec un jeune homme du même village, avant qu’une histoire d’amour les séparent tragiquement. La lecture de ce récit fondateur, pendant longtemps commune à tous les lycéens nippons, a assurément contribué au façonnement de la notion d’amitié au Japon. Il s’agit dans le roman d’un lien exigeant qui ne peut souffrir aucune trahison.
Une amitié dans le siècle : Kim Dong-ri et Seo Jeong-ju
Authors: Wang-Le Min Sook
Published: November 2020

Kim Dong-ri et Seo Jeong-ju sont deux monuments de la littérature coréenne du XX e  siècle. Les deux écrivains nouèrent une profonde amitié à partir des années 1930 et contribuèrent ensemble à la reconstruction du milieu littéraire de la Corée après la période de l’Occupation japonaise. Dans quel contexte le romancier et le poète se sont-ils rencontrés ? Quelles sont les caractéristiques de leur lien amical ? Comment celui a-t-il résisté aux vicissitudes du temps et au désaccord momentané lié aux circonstances ? À partir d’éléments biographiques, autobiographiques et de leurs témoignages réciproques, nous découvrons que la connaissance intime de l’univers de l’un par l’autre et leur inspiration mutuelle se fondent sur les valeurs littéraires et humanistes qu’ils partagent : fins connaisseurs de la littérature du monde, ils valorisent dans leur écriture des éléments proprement coréens.
An acoustical study of English consonants pronunciation among Malaysian-Javaneses
Authors: Anuar Arnida , Jaafar Sharifah Raihan Syed
Published: November 2020

Les interférences linguistiques créées par les étudiants de langue seconde sont depuis toujours une discussion importante dans le domaine de l’acquisition de langue. La présente étude vise à analyser les problèmes de prononciation des consonnes de l’anglais /b/, /d/, /g/, /dʒ/, /j/ et /ð/ par les locuteurs javanais dans une université malaisienne. 30 personnes de divers départements dans l’université ont été interrogées. Les étudiants javanais étaient invités pendant l’entretien à prononcer les consonnes problématiques sous forme de mots, propositions et phrases. Les prononciations produites par les étudiants javanais ont été analysées par un analyseur spectrographique appelé Praat afin de comparer les différences entre celles produites et celles des natifs. Le résultat confirme que certaines caractéristiques acoustiques produites par les locuteurs javanais influencent leurs prononciations en anglais. Il démontre également que les phonèmes /dʒ/ et /j/ n’ont pas pu être correctement prononcés par les interrogés car les caractéristiques acoustiques du javanais persistent. Cependant, les phonèmes /b/ et /g/ ont pu être correctement prononcés alors que les phonèmes /dʒ/ et /j/ l’ont été avec une difficulté moyenne. Ainsi le résultat confirme-t‑il que l’accent de la première langue joue un rôle important dans la prononciation de la langue seconde. Mots-clés : interférences de première langue, langue seconde, accents javanais, étude acoustique.
Entretien de Christiane Schaffner avec Georges Pragier
Authors: Schaffner Christiane , Pragier Georges
Published: November 2020

Christiane Schaffner s’entretient avec Georges Pragier qui fut secrétaire scientifique du Congrès des psychanalystes de langue française (CPLF). Ils abordent son origine, son évolution, son fonctionnement, sa spécificité dans le champ de la psychanalyse et quelques événements marquants de son histoire.
« La névrose obsessionnelle : sa distinction analytique et nosographique de la phobie et de l’hystérie (à propos de l’analyse comparée d’une obsédée et d’une hystéro-phobique) », de Charles Odier
Authors: Brusset Bernard
Published: November 2020

À partir de deux cas cliniques en analyse, le rapport de Charles Odier établit la distinction entre les névroses hystérique et obsessionnelle sur l’existence ou non de régression prégénitale et de désintrication pulsionnelle. C’est aussi, en 1927, une forte illustration du « monisme phallique » de la sexualité féminine dans laquelle la névrose est directement l’inverse de la perversion, sinon de la psychose. La référence au sadisme oral rend d’autant plus remarquable l’absence de toute référence à la mère comme objet primaire.
« De la Prophylaxie infantile des Névroses », de Marie Bonaparte. « La Psychanalyse infantile et son rôle dans l’Hygiène mentale », de Sophie Morgenstein
Authors: Lambertucci Mann Sabina
Published: November 2020

Les deux rapports montrent comment la psychanalyse avec l’enfant et l’adolescent s’est développée en France en 1930. Marie Bonaparte et Sophie Morgenstern en retracent l’histoire par leurs réflexions théorico-cliniques spontanées et vivantes. Elles interrogent le devenir de la psycho-sexualité chez l’enfant et l’adolescent ainsi que ses achoppements, insistant sur le rôle de l’éducation surtout par rapport à l’activité masturbatoire. L’éducation devient alors partie intégrante des traitements psychanalytiques avec l’enfant.
« L’angoisse et la théorie freudienne des instincts », de Francis Pasche
Authors: Dechaud-Ferbus Monique
Published: November 2020

C’est en discutant les idées de Freud que Francis Pasche a élaboré une véritable conception du psychisme. Sujet de son rapport de 1953, l’angoisse s’exprime dans le registre névrotique et psychotique. Pour lui, la psychanalyse est une praxis qui conduit à repenser nos outils, ce dont témoigne la psychothérapie psychanalytique corporelle (PPC). Pasche déploie une métapsychologie du corps partant des relations originaires. L’aménagement du dispositif de la cure en découle et permet d’offrir au patient en difficulté un travail psychanalytique avec un autre cadre.
« Importance du rôle de la motricité dans la relation d’objet », de Pierre Marty et Michel Fain
Authors: Denis Paul
Published: November 2020

En 1954, Pierre Marty et Michel Fain, psychanalystes récents, présentent un rapport qui ouvre la relation d’objet à sa dimension sensorio-motrice. Leur travail constitue la première étude psychanalytique de ce qu’ils appellent « l’activité motrice pulsionnelle ». Ils envisagent sous cet angle les rapports entre « l’objet extérieur » et « l’objet interne », la notion de « distance » et abordent différentes notions participant à la constitution du Moi comme l’internalisation et l’intellectualisation.
« “Agir” et processus psychanalytique : l’acting out dans sa relation avec la cure et dans ses aspects cliniques », de Julien Rouart
Authors: Chervet Emmanuelle
Published: November 2020

Le rapport de Julien Rouart reflète un moment de la pensée psychanalytique en France confrontant la conception freudienne de la cure et les apports post-freudiens anglo-saxons, avant l’apparition des développements contemporains inspirés par Winnicott et Bion sur la clinique non névrotique. Il pointe cependant dans « Remémorer, répéter, élaborer » le rôle des traces non refoulées dans l’agir et laisse entendre une insatisfaction vis-à-vis de la théorisation génétique de l’agir de comportement.
« Éléments d’une théorie de l’interprétation », de Didier Anzieu
Authors: Chabert Catherine
Published: November 2020

À partir des fragments choisis, l’auteur montre la manière dont Didier Anzieu analyse les trois modèles freudiens de l’interprétation en dégageant leurs articulations avec le transfert et les grands mouvements de la métapsychologie. Dans le premier modèle, l’interprétation « intellectualiste » déjoue les liaisons trompeuses des processus primaire et secondaire. Dans le deuxième, les déplacements des investissements pulsionnels mobilisent le contre-transfert. Dans le troisième, l’interprétation défait la compulsion de répétition grâce à l’identification.
« Antinomies du concept de perversion et épigenèse de l’appétit d’excitation : notre duplicité d’être inachevé », de Ilse Barande et Robert Barande
Authors: Kristeva Julia
Published: November 2020

Ce rapport à deux voix, dont sont ici retenus des extraits des présentations, se propose de déconstruire les paradoxes et les ambiguïtés de la notion de perversion. En soutenant que la perversion est co-existentielle à la condition humaine, les rapporteurs développent leur conception du « néotène » et de « l’appétit d’excitation », ce qui les conduit à révéler, sous la perversion, une mère-version. Cette recherche invite la psychanalyse à mieux comprendre l’accélération anthropologique en cours.
Les programmes d’intervention pour les compétences en littératie et en numératie au préscolaire
Authors: Tazouti Youssef , Thomas Aude , Hoareau Lara
Published: November 2020

Les compétences en littératie et numératie émergentes des enfants ont une forte valeur prédictive de leurs performances ultérieures. Pour lutter contre les inégalités scolaires, plusieurs auteurs recommandent d’agir dès la petite enfance avec des programmes d’intervention aussi bien en classe qu’au sein de l’environnement familial. Ainsi, cet article se propose dans un premier temps de présenter et discuter les résultats des méta-analyses sur les programmes d’intervention auprès des enfants pour développer les compétences en littératie et en numératie émergentes. Ensuite, sera faite une analyse des travaux publiés dans les dix dernières années sur les programmes d’intervention incluant les parents et qui visent à développer les compétences des enfants en littératie et en numératie émergentes. Enfin, les raisons d’absence de ce type de programme dans le contexte français seront discutées.
Normes de l’éducation de la « propreté » en France au XX e siècle
Authors: Chantseva Victoria
Published: November 2020

Depuis le début du XXe siècle, les normes de l’apprentissage de la propreté sphinctérienne ont considérablement changé en remplaçant le contrôle disciplinaire du corps par les conceptions éducatives non-coercitives et individualisées. L’article s’intéresse à la logique de ces changements et relève, en s’appuyant sur l’analyse des manuels de puériculture, les reconfigurations graduelles des normes. Trois modèles de l’éducation seront décrits mettant au jour une transformation de l’engagement maternel, ainsi que – plus globalement – le basculement vers « l’informalisation » des rapports parents-enfants. Malgré les changements de forme, l’excellence parentale reste toujours connectée à l’investissement temporel.
Tombeau photographique pour les mutins assassinés d’Attica
Authors: Artières Philippe
Published: November 2020

Que faire des images reçues d’actrices et acteurs de l’histoire ? À partir de l’exemple de l’enquête menée en janvier 2015 à Brooklyn sur la mutinerie d’Attica (État de New York, septembre 1971), mais aussi d’une première recherche sur des autobiographies de criminels et d’un travail en collaboration avec le photographe Mathieu Pernot sur les archives visuelles d’un asile psychiatrique, l’article interroge les usages historiens des archives photographiques des institutions (la police, l’anthropologie criminelle et la psychiatrie). Comment, tout à la fois, faire place aux sujets oubliés de l’histoire et produire un récit de l’histoire collective ?
Les livres d’histoire (scolaire) sont-ils des livres d’images ?
Authors: Chambarlhac Vincent
Published: November 2020

Les livres d’histoire sont-ils des livres d’images ? Interrogeant la double page des manuels d’histoire (texte et image) comme un fait structurel de l’édition scolaire, l’article se propose de considérer cette organisation comme une hétérotopie. Le détour par la catégorie parascolaire de l’histoire de France montre comment celle-ci s’effrite sous le double effet de l’éditorialisation numérique et de l’irruption des visual studies . Inscrite dans la logique d’une histoire de l’édition, cette réflexion montre comment peu à peu l’usage des images échappe aux discours d’ordre des disciplines et du texte. Les livres d’histoire ne sont pas des livres d’images.
Portfolio optimization for jump-diffusion risky assets with regime switching: A time-consistent approach
Authors: Zhang Caibin , Liang Zhibin , Yuen Kam Chuen
Published: November 2020

In this paper, an optimal portfolio selection problem with mean-variance utility is considered for a financial market consisting of one risk-free asset and two risky assets, whose price processes are modulated by jump-diffusion model, the two jump number processes are correlated through a common shock, and the Brownian motions are supposed to be dependent. Moreover, it is assumed that not only the risk aversion coefficient but also the market parameters such as the appreciation and volatility rates as well as the jump amplitude depend on a Markov chain with finite states. In addition, short selling is supposed to be prohibited. Using the technique of stochastic control theory and the corresponding extended Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation, the explicit expressions of the optimal strategies and value function are obtained within a game theoretic framework, and the existence and uniqueness of the solutions are proved as well. In the end, some numerical examples are presented to show the impact of the parameters on the optimal strategies, and some further discussions on the case of \begin{document}$ n\geq 3 $\end{document} risky assets are given to demonstrate the important effect of the correlation coefficient of the Brownian motions on the optimal results.
Cheap Talk With Endogenous Conflict of Interest
Authors: Antic Nemanja , Persico Nicola
Published: November 2020

In a cheap‐talk setting where the conflict of interest between sender and receiver is determined endogenously by the choice of parameters
θ

i
for each agent
i, conditions are provided that determine the sign of each agent's inverse demand for
θ without assuming that the most informative equilibrium will necessarily be played in the cheap talk game. For two popular functional forms of payoffs, we derive analytically tractable approximations for agent
i's demand for
θ. In an application where the
θi's are purchased on a competitive market, we provide conditions for a competitive equilibrium to feature maximal information transmission. In a principal–agent application where the agent's
θ is set by the principal, our results show that information transmission will be partial. We consider extensions where: (1) the
θ's are acquired covertly rather than overtly and (2) the
θ's are traded
after the sender has received the information.
On the Informativeness of Descriptive Statistics for Structural Estimates
Authors: Andrews Isaiah , Gentzkow Matthew , Shapiro Jesse M.
Published: November 2020

We propose a way to formalize the relationship between descriptive analysis and structural estimation. A researcher reports an estimateĉof a structural quantity of interestcthat is exactly or asymptotically unbiased under some base model. The researcher also reports descriptive statisticsγˆthat estimate featuresγof the distribution of the data that are related tocunder the base model. A reader entertains a less restrictive model that is local to the base model, under which the estimateĉmay be biased. We study the reduction in worst‐case bias from a restriction that requires the reader's model to respect the relationship betweencandγspecified by the base model. Our main result shows that the proportional reduction in worst‐case bias depends only on a quantity we call theinformativenessofγˆforĉ. Informativeness can be easily estimated even for complex models. We recommend that researchers report estimated informativeness alongside their descriptive analyses, and we illustrate with applications to three recent papers.
Dynamic Noisy Rational Expectations Equilibrium With Insider Information
Authors: Detemple Jerome , Rindisbacher Marcel , Robertson Scott
Published: November 2020

We study equilibria in multi‐asset and multi‐agent continuous‐time economies with asymmetric information and bounded rational noise traders. We establish the existence of two equilibria. First, a full communication equilibrium where the informed agents' signal is disclosed to the market and static policies are optimal. Second, a partial communication equilibrium where the signal disclosed is affine in the informed and noise traders' signals, and dynamic policies are optimal. Here, information asymmetry creates demand for two public funds, as well as a dark pool where private information trades can be implemented. Markets are endogenously complete and equilibrium returns have a three factor structure with stochastic factors and loadings. Results are valid for constant absolute risk averse investors, general vector diffusions for fundamentals, nonlinear terminal payoffs, and non‐Gaussian noise trading. Asset price dynamics and public information flows are endogenous, and rational expectations equilibria are special cases of the general results.
Solving discrete time heterogeneous agent models with aggregate risk and many idiosyncratic states by perturbation
Authors: Bayer Christian , Luetticke Ralph
Published: November 2020

This paper describes a method for solving heterogeneous agent models with aggregate risk and many idiosyncratic states formulated in discrete time. It extends the method proposed by Reiter (2009) and complements recent work by Ahn, Kaplan, Moll, Winberry, and Wolf (2017) on how to solve such models in continuous time. We suggest first solving for the stationary equilibrium of the model without aggregate risk. We then write the functionals that describe the dynamic equilibrium as sparse expansions around their stationary equilibrium counterparts. Finally, we use the perturbation method of Schmitt‐Grohé and Uribe (2004) to approximate the aggregate dynamics of the model.
On the falsifiability and learnability of decision theories
Authors: Basu Pathikrit , Echenique Federico
Published: November 2020

We study the degree of falsifiability of theories of choice. A theory is easy to falsify if relatively small data sets are enough to guarantee that the theory can be falsified: the Vapnik–Chervonenkis (VC) dimension of a theory is the largest sample size for which the theory is “never falsifiable.” VC dimension is motivated strategically. We consider a model with a strategic proponent of a theory and a skeptical consumer, or user, of theories. The former presents experimental evidence in favor of the theory; the latter may doubt whether the experiment could ever have falsified the theory.

We focus on decision‐making under uncertainty, considering the central models of expected utility, Choquet expected utility, and max–min expected utility models. We show that expected utility has VC dimension that grows linearly with the number of states, while that of Choquet expected utility grows exponentially. The max–min expected utility model has infinite VC dimension when there are at least three states of the world. In consequence, expected utility is easily falsified, while the more flexible Choquet and max–min expected utility are hard to falsify. Finally, as VC dimension and statistical estimation are related, we study the implications of our results for machine learning approaches to preference recovery.
De Alejandría a Córdoba: la Medicina según Ibn Rushd y la tradición araboislámica
Authors: Forcada Miquel
Published: November 2020

Ibn Rushd consideró la medicina como un arte productivo en su al-Kulliyyāt fī l-ṭibb, escrito entre 1162 y 1169, y como una ciencia en su comentario al poema de Ibn Sīnā sobre la medicina (Sharḥ Urjūzat Ibn Sīnā fī l-ṭibb), escrito en 1180. En Kulliyyāt, Ibn Rushd sigue de manera bastante estricta las ideas sobre el estatus de la medicina del filósofo al-Fārābī. En Sharḥ Urjūzat Ibn Sīnā, Ibn Rushd sintetiza las concepciones de varias obras, entre las cuales Masā’il fī l-ṭibb de Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq y Ḥubaysh, Qānūn fī l-ṭibb de Ibn Sinā y las obras sobre la lógica aristotélica de al-Fārābī. El análisis conjunto de estas fuentes, más las aportaciones de un nuevo manuscrito de Sharḥ Urjūzat Ibn Sīnā, proporcionan una idea más clara de la concepción de la medicina expuesta en esta obra y, en consecuencia, podemos reconsiderar y relativizar la diferencia entre esta concepción y la que se expone en Kulliyyāt. Las ideas de Ibn Rushd sobre el estatus de la medicina se analizan de acuerdo con el contexto sociopolítico en que fueron concebidas, considerando especialmente el hecho de que Sharḥ Urjūza Ibn Sīnā fī l-ṭibb fue escrito para las elites intelectuales y políticas del régimen almohade.
Nous manuscrits de l’obra mèdica d’Arnau de Vilanova
Authors: Giralt Sebastià
Published: November 2020

[ca] Aquest article és una primera presentació dels resultats obtinguts en el procés de revisió dels manuscrits de l’obra mèdica d’Arnau de Vilanova en el marc del desenvolupament de la base de dades Arnau BD dedicada a recopilar els còdexs del corpus atribuït a aquest metge medieval. La nostra revisió ha permès no tan sols reunir en un sol recurs els testimonis coneguts prèviament dels escrits mèdics d’Arnau sinó també descobrir 36 manuscrits amb un o més textos seus que havien passat desapercebuts en els estudis arnaldians anteriors.
De asilo a hospital dos Tifosos: O caso do asilo António Almeida da Costa na primeira metade do século XX. Génese, dinâmicas e funcionalidades
Authors: Nogueira Pereira Catarina , Guedes Vidal Diogo
Published: November 2020

[pt] O presente trabalho tem como objetivos principais analisar a génese, as dinâmicas e as funcionalidades do Asilo António Almeida da Costa, fundado no início do século XX em Vila Nova de Gaia, localidade perto da cidade do Porto, no norte de Portugal, na assistência na velhice, inicialmente idealizada para os velhos operários do complexo industrial de Cerâmica e de Fundição das Devesas, e na sua iniciativa pontual: a transformação num hospital dos Tifosos aquando a epidemia que se fez sentir na cidade. Para responder a estes objetivos efectuou-se um exercício de reconstrução histórica através do acervo do benemérito, nomeadamente com base nas atas da comissão administrativa, nos regulamentos e estatutos internos e, também, no livro de inválidos internados no Asilo. Com base na informação encontrada foi possível descrever as dinâmicas da instituição na assistência à velhice, em especial no lugar das Devesas em Vila Nova de Gaia, enquadrando o importante contributo da mesma na causa pública do combate à epidemia do tifo exantemático.
Trayectorias y desafíos en la historiografía de la ciencia y de la medicina en América Latina
Authors: Cueto Marcos , Alves Duarte da Silva Matheus
Published: November 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es contribuir a la historiografía de la ciencia y la medicina Latinoamericana analizando cuatro perspectivas utilizadas por los investigadores desde mediados del siglo XX hasta comienzos del siglo XXI. La primera perspectiva fue fuertemente influenciada por un supuesto eurocéntrico según el cual la ciencia era un producto intelectual moderno, una forma de conocimiento racional superior y deseable a todas las culturas. La segunda y tercera perspectivas consideraron a la ciencia como un emprendimiento social y cultural que tenía una dinámica propia en los países latinoamericanos. Estas dos perspectivas le dieron mucha importancia a las nociones de recepción, negociación e interacción. Asimismo, resaltaron la capacidad proactiva de actores locales y nacionales. La cuarta perspectiva –asociada a una corriente más amplia conocida como Historia Global– enfatiza la circulación transnacional del conocimiento entre culturas que a veces va más allá de la región latinoamericana, desafiando algunas de las bases de las perspectivas anteriores como la centralidad del Estado Nación.
Los cuerpos indígenas entre textos y silencios. El caso de una niña Aché
Authors: Sardi Marina L. , Ballestero Diego
Published: November 2020

La formación de colecciones de restos humanos de distintas “razas”, hacia fines del siglo XIX y comienzos del XX, se asoció con la elaboración de un corpus documental que permitiese acreditar la autenticidad de los especímenes. En estos archivos constan datos individuales, como la procedencia, sexo, edad y el nombre, pero también sobre el colector o donante. A partir de las prácticas materiales y textuales efectuadas sobre una joven indígena Aché por el antropólogo alemán Robert Lehmann-Nitsche (1872-1938), jefe de la Sección Antropológica del Museo de La Plata (Argentina), este trabajo analiza las distintas estrategias para otorgar valor epistemológico al cuerpo indígena y la autoridad científica del propio investigador. Se discute además cómo algunas prácticas estuvieron inspiradas en instrucciones escritas o no escritas, pero a veces las motivaciones personales condujeron a interrumpir los procedimientos de producción de objetos de estudio, dejando “silencios” que solo recientemente pueden ser interpretados a la luz de los cuestionamientos que existen sobre los museos que albergan restos humanos.
Challenges and Applications of Recommender Systems in E-Commerce
Authors: Anwar Taushif , Uma V. , Hussain Md Imran
Published: November 2020

E-commerce and online business are getting too much attention and popularity in this era. A significant challenge is helping a customer through the recommendation of a big list of items to find the one they will like the most efficiently. The most important task of a recommendation system is to improve user experience through the most relevant recommendation of items based on their past behaviour. In e-commerce, the main idea behind the recommender system is to establish the relationship between users and items to recommend the most relevant items to the particular user. Most of the e-commerce websites such as Amazon, Flipkart, E-Bay, etc. are already applying the recommender system to assist their users in finding appropriate items. The main objective of this chapter is to illustrate and examine the issues, attacks, and research applications related to the recommender system.
Machine Learning Approach
Authors: S. Roopashree , J. Anitha , P. Madhumathy
Published: November 2020

Ayurveda medicines uses herbs for curing many ailments without side effects. The biggest concern related to Ayurveda medicine is extinction of many important medicinal herbs, which may be due to insufficient knowledge, weather conditions, and urbanization. Another reason consists of lack of online facts on Indian herbs because it is dependent on books and experts. This concern has motivated in utilizing the machine learning techniques to identify and reveal few details of Indian medicinal herbs because, until now, it is identified manually, which is cumbersome and may lead to errors. Many researchers have shown decent results in identifying and classifying plants with good accuracy and robustness. But no complete framework and strong evidence is projected on Indian medicinal herbs. Accordingly, the chapter aims to provide an outline on how machine learning techniques can be adopted to enrich the knowledge of Indian herbs, which advantages both common man and the domain experts with wide information on traditional herbs.
Combinational Therapy Using Chemotherapeutic Agents and Dietary Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Kedhari Sundaram Madhumitha , Silas Shefina , Hussain Arif
Published: November 2020

Diet-derived phytochemicals find prominent use in traditional medicine and have been credited with lowering cancer risk significantly. Dietary agents demonstrate anticancer activity by modulating various molecular targets and cell signaling pathways. Several studies have focused on combinations of dietary bioactive compounds and conventional chemotherapeutic agents to augment their therapeutic response and mitigate the side effects of conventional chemotherapy. The observed synergistic response heralds promise for successful future chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic strategies in cancer management. Animal models and pre-clinical trials of the effective combinations must be undertaken to clearly understand the mechanism of action. This chapter catalogues recent studies that have used dietary bioactive compounds (sulforaphane, EGCG, curcumin, genistein, resveratrol, eugenol) in combination with conventional chemopreventive agents and with other phytochemicals.
School Counselor Advocacy Recommendations for Policy and Practice for and With LGBTQ+ Youth
Authors: Wikoff Haley D. , Beck Matthew J. , Wood Susannah M.
Published: November 2020

LGBTQ+ youth experience increased levels of bullying, harassment, and discrimination in schools. Many states in the United States have state and local policies that are designed to protect both the sexual orientation and gender identity of students, however there are still a handful of states without these protections in place. School counselors are in a unique position to advocate for safe and inclusive environments for LGBQ+ youth.
Youth in Foster Care
Authors: Holmes Chiquita Long , Merideth Kevin , Looby Eugenie Joan , Jackson Alexis M. , Donald Lindsey L. , Nozik Sherri , Chapman Candice L.
Published: November 2020

This chapter explores the distinct needs of youth who have been placed in the custody of the foster care system. The authors discuss the impact of abuse and neglect, removal from the biological family, and repeated relocation to different home and school settings upon the mental health and development of youth in foster care. The developmental impact of adverse experiences on these youth across different psychosocial development stages, mental health conditions to which this population is vulnerable, and challenges to meeting educational needs are delineated. The authors identify and discuss strategies for effective clinical intervention and advocacy that counselors may implement in school settings.
School Counselors' Role in Advocating for Students Who Self-Injure
Authors: Stargell Nicole A. , Kress Victoria E. , McAllister Christine A. , Paessler-Chesterton Heather Nicole
Published: November 2020

This chapter will explore best practices among school counselors for advocacy, prevention, and intervention related to addressing self-injury. In this chapter, the functions and purpose of Self-Injury (SI) will be explored, along with the relationship between SI and suicidality, and potential complications of SI. Ethical and legal issues associated with SI, including special considerations from the American School Counselor Association (ASCA), will also be addressed. Next, warning signs and risk factors for SI will be presented, and common myths will be discussed. Finally, the importance of collaborating with school personnel is highlighted, and best practices for school counselors working with students who engage in SI are provided.
Saving Our Students
Authors: Gallo Laura L.
Published: November 2020

Suicide is the second leading cause of death for youth in the US. School counselors are in a pivotal position to identify and intervene with children and adolescents struggling with suicide. School counselors have a legal and ethical obligation to incorporate suicide prevention efforts into their schools. This chapter focuses on current research, including evidence-based practices, as an important aspect of suicide prevention work. This chapter provides vital information related to prevention and intervention activities school counselors can utilize to help prevent suicide. Information related to the formation and function of crisis response teams as well as postvention is also included.
Training School Counselors to Serve as Antibullying Specialists
Authors: Sanders Nicole Arcuri
Published: November 2020

This chapter explores school counselors' role in accordance to the nation's indicated most extensive and comprehensive antibullying policy by the U.S. Department of Education (US DOE) as well as in alignment with the position of the American School Counselor Association (ASCA). The author introduces and evaluates bullying implications for underserved populations and research concerning the experiences of school counselors when serving students in the additional role designated by the model policy, antibullying specialist. This chapter identifies research driven suggestions for most effective practices counselor educators can train school counselors to advocate for when designing and implementing their comprehensive school counseling programs with prevention and intervention components.
Impact of Activated Monocyte and Endothelial Dysfunction on Coagulopathy in Egyptian Adult Beta Thalassemic Patients
Authors: Abd El-samee Hanaa , Bassiouny Noha , Nabih Nermeen Adel
Published: November 2020

The mechanism of the well observed hypercoagulability and high incidence of Thromboembolic Events (TE) in β-thalassemia patients has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate evaluate the endothelial dysfunction and monocyte activation among adult Egyptian β-thalassemic patients and assess their role in the hypercoagulability and development of TE. A total of 40 adults patients with bthalassemics and 20 healthy age and sex-matched controls were assessed for endothelial dysfunction using serum Von Willebrand Factor Antigen (VWFAg) and for monocytic activation using flow cytometric assessment of CD14 monocyte microparticles and CD11b activated monocytes. The VWF:Ag level was significantly higher among thalassemic patients (p < 0.001) and was positively correlated to development of TE (p < 0.05). There was no significance difference for CD14 between patients and controls (p > 0.5) and CD11b was higher in controls (p = 0.004) with no significant correlation between both and TE development (p > 0.05). VWF:Ag is increased in thalassemic patients and could be used as a risk factor for thrombosis in these patients, while no identified role of activated monocytes in thrombotic tendency in such patients.
Etica della relazione terapeutica in psichiatria
Authors: Binetti Paola
Published: November 2020

L’etica pone alla psichiatria una serie di interrogativi molto precisi, che possono essere sintetizzati in una triade così strutturata definizione del quadro antropologico di riferimento: identificazione dei criteri di qualità della relazione terapeutica; consapevolezza che il contesto in cui il paziente inserito è contestualmente fattore di sofferenza e risorsa irrinunciabile. Le tre domande rispondono ad un’ottica multifocale che assume di volta in volta come punto di vista privilegiato Chi è il paziente; il Chi siamo del rapporto medico paziente; il Chi sono del contesto socio-familiare.

Dalla conoscenza e dal rispetto reciproco scaturiscono modelli decisionali eticamente accettabili perché centrati su di una comune tensione verso il bene reciproco. Il rischio della manipolazione nella relazione terapeutica in psichiatria è però costantemente in agguato e scaturisce dalla sostanziale diffidenza nelle capacità dell’altro, sia sul piano della comprensione degli eventi che su quello della loro corretta gestione. Verità ed errore in psichiatria vanno analizzati nella concretezza delle situazioni individuali e vanno collocati nell’ottica della gradualità e della progressività con cui l’uomo si accosta alla conoscenza, sempre attraverso tentativi ed errori. Un aspetto etico irrinunciabile nella relazione in psichiatria è quello che permette al soggetto malato di potersi esprimere con piena autenticità, evitando sostituzioni indebite si da parte dei familiari che del personale sanitario. L’autenticità come espressione singolare della propria identità, accettata da sé stesso e sa chi prede incarico la sua sofferenza è un fattore terapeutico dei più importanti ed efficaci.

Una decisione per essere eticamente valida deve essere presa in piena libertà e nel pieno rispetto della coscienza soggettiva, per questo è essenziale l’aiuto offerto al paziente perché esprima le sue scelte e gradatamente ne comprenda la rilevanza attraverso le conseguenze operative. La libertà nella relazione con il paziente psichiatrico va sempre intesa come una conquista continua, che lo psichiatra presidia senza manipolazioni falsificazionistiche. Il problema del rapporto tra eticità come responsabilità personale ed oggettività come referente normativo universale si chiarisce solo se ci si pone nell’ottica dei diritti umani: diritto a conoscere la verità, diritto a formulare scelte coerenti, diritto a ricevere l’aiuto necessario a riscattare la propria libertà da condizionamenti di vario tipo e genere. Ossia assumendo il principio della autonomia personale come fondamento della relazione di aiuto psico-terapeutico, anche quando l’autonomia presente come diritto va sostenuta fino al punto di acquisizione come altro nome quello della responsabilità verso sé stesso e verso gli altri.