bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes with SCN5A R1623Q Mutation Associated with Severe Long QT Syndrome in Fetuses and Neonates Recapitulates Pathophysiological Phenotypes
Authors: Hayama Emiko , Furutani Yoshiyuki , Kawaguchi Nanako , Seki Akiko , Nagashima Yoji , Okita Keisuke , Takeuchi Daiji , Matsuoka Rumiko , Inai Kei , Hagiwara Nobuhisa , Nakanishi Toshio
Published: October 2021

The SCN5A R1623Q mutation is one of the most common genetic variants associated with severe congenital long QT syndrome 3 (LQT3) in fetal and neonatal patients. To investigate the properties of the R1623Q mutation, we established an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) cardiomyocyte (CM) model from a patient with LQTS harboring a heterozygous R1623Q mutation. The properties and pharmacological responses of iPSC-CMs were characterized using a multi-electrode array system. The biophysical characteristic analysis revealed that R1623Q increased open probability and persistent currents of sodium channel, indicating a gain-of-function mutation. In the pharmacological study, mexiletine shortened FPDcF in R1623Q-iPSC-CMs, which exhibited prolonged field potential duration corrected by Fridericia’s formula (FPDcF, analogous to QTcF). Meanwhile, E4031, a specific inhibitor of human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) channel, significantly increased the frequency of arrhythmia-like early after depolarization (EAD) events. These characteristics partly reflect the patient phenotypes. To further analyze the effect of neonatal isoform, which is predominantly expressed in the fetal period, on the R1623Q mutant properties, we transfected adult form and neonatal isoform SCN5A of control and R1623Q mutant SCN5A genes to 293T cells. Whole-cell automated patch-clamp recordings revealed that R1623Q increased persistent Na+ currents, indicating a gain-of-function mutation. Our findings demonstrate the utility of LQT3-associated R1623Q mutation-harboring iPSC-CMs for assessing pharmacological responses to therapeutic drugs and improving treatment efficacy. Furthermore, developmental switching of neonatal/adult Nav1.5 isoforms may be involved in the pathological mechanisms underlying severe long QT syndrome in fetuses and neonates.
Prior Exposure and Toddlers’ Sleep-Related Memory for Novel Words
Authors: Axelsson Emma L. , Swinton Jaclyn , Jiang Isabel Y. , Parker Emma V. , Horst Jessica S.
Published: October 2021

Children can easily link a novel word to a novel, unnamed object—something referred to as fast mapping. Despite the ease and speed with which children do this, their memories for novel fast-mapped words can be poor unless they receive memory supports such as further exposure to the words or sleep. Axelsson, Swinton, Winiger, and Horst (2018) found that 2.5-year-old children who napped after fast mapping had better retention of novel words than children who did not nap. Retention declined for those who did not nap. The children received no memory supports and determined the word-object mappings independently. Previous studies report enhanced memories after sleeping in children and adults, but the napping children’s retention in the Axelsson et al. study remained steady across time. We report a follow-up investigation where memory supports are provided after fast mapping to test whether memories would be enhanced following napping. Children’s retention of novel words improved and remained greater than chance; however, there was no nap effect with no significant difference between the children who napped and those who did not. These findings suggest that when memory supports are provided, retention improves, and the word–object mappings remain stable over time. When memory traces are weak and labile, such as after fast mapping, without further memory supports, sleeping soon after helps stabilise and prevent decay of word–object mappings.
The Link between Attachment Style and Self-Reported Olfactory Ability: A Preliminary Investigation
Authors: Shell Amy , Blomkvist Anna , Mahmut Mehmet K.
Published: October 2021

Individuals in healthy romantic relationships gain significant benefits to their psychological wellbeing and physiological health. Notably, the majority of relationship research has focused on how adult attachment influences these relationship outcomes while the role of olfaction remains an emerging research focus. The aim of the current study was to bring together these seemingly unrelated factors–attachment and olfaction–in an online quasi-experimental design. The participants were 401 undergraduate students, predominantly females, ranging in age from 17 to 70 years. Participants completed a battery of questionnaires that evaluated their attachment tendencies, olfactory ability and experiences in romantic relationships. Results indicated that attachment insecurity, across both attachment anxiety and avoidance, was associated with decreased olfactory functioning for females. These findings provide preliminary evidence that olfaction is related to romantic relationship maintenance and suggests that body odors could be fundamental for evoking the attachment system. These findings also elicit enticing new avenues of research which can assist psychologists to provide targeted treatments to individuals with olfactory deficits and insecure attachment tendencies.
A Telephone-Adapted Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program: Preliminary Effects among Healthcare Employees
Authors: Zimmaro Lauren A. , Moss Aleeze , Reibel Diane K. , Handorf Elizabeth A. , Reese Jennifer B. , Fang Carolyn Y.
Published: October 2021

Healthcare employees often experience high stress and may benefit from accessible psychosocial interventions. In this pilot study, we explored preliminary feasibility, acceptability, and psychological effects of a telephone-based adaption of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) for healthcare employees. Eleven participants (M age = 49.9; 27.3% ethnic/racial minority) were enrolled in an eight-session group-based MBSR program adapted for telephone delivery. Feasibility was assessed using rates of program attrition and session completion; acceptability was explored qualitatively via participants’ responses to an open-ended item about their program experience. Participants also completed pre-and post-program assessments on psychosocial outcomes (distress (overall distress, depression, anxiety, somatization), mindfulness, and self-compassion). We characterized mean change scores, 95% confidence intervals, and effect sizes to explore preliminary program effects. With regard to preliminary feasibility, one participant dropped out prior to the intervention; of the remaining 10 participants, 90% completed at least half (≥4) of the sessions; 70% completed at least three-quarters (≥6 sessions). Feedback reflected positive experiences and included suggestions for program delivery. Participants reported reductions in distress post-program (M difference range = −5.0 to −9.4), showing medium to large effect sizes (d range = 0.68 to 1.11). Mindfulness scores increased from pre- to post-intervention (M difference range = 1.0 to 10.4), with small-to-medium effects (d range = 0.18 to 0.55). Almost all aspects of self-compassion remained stable over time, with the exception of common humanity, which increased post-program (M difference = 2.9, CI 95% 0.5 to 5.4, d = 0.91). Preliminary findings from our small pilot trial suggest that telephone-based adaptations of MBSR may be a useful mode of delivery for healthcare employees; however, larger studies are needed to provide further evidence of feasibility, acceptability, and program effects.
Role of Pancreatic Stellate Cell-Derived Exosomes in Pancreatic Cancer-Related Diabetes: A Novel Hypothesis
Authors: Perera Chamini J. , Falasca Marco , Chari Suresh T. , Greenfield Jerry R. , Xu Zhihong , Pirola Romano C. , Wilson Jeremy S. , Apte Minoti V.
Published: October 2021

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating condition characterised by vague symptomatology and delayed diagnosis. About 30% of PDAC patients report a history of new onset diabetes, usually diagnosed within 3 years prior to the diagnosis of cancer. Thus, new onset diabetes, which is also known as pancreatic cancer-related diabetes (PCRD), could be a harbinger of PDAC. Diabetes is driven by progressive β cell loss/dysfunction and insulin resistance, two key features that are also found in PCRD. Experimental studies suggest that PDAC cell-derived exosomes carry factors that are detrimental to β cell function and insulin sensitivity. However, the role of stromal cells, particularly pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), in the pathogenesis of PCRD is not known. PSCs are present around the earliest neoplastic lesions and around islets. Given that PSCs interact closely with cancer cells to drive cancer progression, it is possible that exosomal cargo from both cancer cells and PSCs plays a role in modulating β cell function and peripheral insulin resistance. Identification of such mediators may help elucidate the mechanisms of PCRD and aid early detection of PDAC. This paper discusses the concept of a novel role of PSCs in the pathogenesis of PCRD.
Currently Used Laboratory Methodologies for Assays Detecting PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2 and Soluble PD-L1 in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Jeong Seri , Lee Nuri , Park Min-Jeong , Jeon Kibum , Song Wonkeun
Published: October 2021

Approximately 20% of breast cancer (BC) patients suffer from distant metastasis. The incidence and prevalence rates of metastatic BC have increased annually. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are an emerging area of treatment, especially for metastatic patients with poor outcomes. Several antibody drugs have been developed and approved for companion testing of the programmed death protine-1 (PD-1) axis. We reviewed currently used laboratory methodologies for assays determining PD-1 axis to provide a comprehensive understanding of principles, advantages, and drawbacks involved in their implementation. The most commonly used method is immunohistochemistry (92.9%) for PD-L1 expression using tissue samples (96.4%). The commonly used anti-PD-L1 antibody clone were commercially available 22C3 (30.8%), SP142 (19.2%), SP263 (15.4%), and E1L3N (11.5%). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and electrochemiluminescent immunoassay that target soluble PD-ligand (L)1 were developed and popularized in 2019–2021, in contrast to 2016–2018. Easy accessibility and non-invasiveness due to the use of blood samples, quantitative outputs, and relatively rapid turnaround times make them more preferable. Regarding scoring methods, a combination of tumor and immune cells (45.5% in 2016–2018 to 57.1% in 2019–2021) rather than each cell alone became more popular. Information about antibody clones, platforms, scoring methods, and related companion drugs is recommended for reporting PD-L1 expression.
Natural History and Treatment Strategies of Advanced PEComas: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bourgmayer Agathe , Nannini Simon , Bonjean Paul , Kurtz Jean-Emmanuel , Malouf Gabriel G. , Gantzer Justine
Published: October 2021

PEComas is a family of rare mesenchymal tumors. This systematic review aims to better understand the natural history of advanced PEComas. After a search on the PubMed database and main oncology meeting libraries according to the PRISMA guidelines, 88 articles reported in the English literature were included. Data on clinical and histological features, treatments and outcomes were collected. To identify risk factors, univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Seven cohorts of patients and 124 individual patients were identified. Focusing on case reports, most patients were metastatic, and the median overall survival (OS) of the entire cohort was 60 months (95%CI 33; NA). Risk factors significantly associated with OS in the multivariate analysis were the presence of metastasis at diagnosis (HR: 2.59, 95%CI 1.06; 6.33, p = 0.036) and the grouped-Bleeker’s risk category (HR: 4.66; 95%CI 1.07; 20.19; p = 0.039). In the metastatic population, only the presence of lymph node metastasis was associated with OS (HR: 3.11; 95%CI 1.13; 8.60, p < 0.05). Due to a lack of events, it was not possible to conclude on other factors. This review of the literature highlights the heterogeneity of literature data and shows the great diversity of clinical management strategies.
Rapid Algae Identification and Concentration Prediction Based on Discrete Excitation Fluorescence Spectra
Authors: Shan Shihan , Wang Xiaoping , Xu Zhuoyun , Tong Mengmeng
Published: October 2021

In this paper, an algal identification and concentration determination method based on discrete excitation fluorescence spectra is proposed for online algae identification and concentration prediction. The discrete excitation fluorescence spectra of eight species of harmful algae from four algal categories were assessed. After determining typical excitation wavelengths according to the distribution of photosynthetic pigments and eliminating strongly correlated wavelengths by applying the hierarchical clustering, seven characteristic excitation wavelengths (405, 435, 470, 490, 535, 555, and 590 nm) were selected. By adding the ratios between feature points (435 and 470 nm, 470 and 490 nm, as well as 535 and 555 nm), standard feature spectra were established for classification. The classification accuracy in pure samples exceeded 95%, and that of dominant algae species in a mixed sample was 77.4%. Prediction of algae concentration was achieved by establishing linear regression models between fluorescence intensity at seven characteristic excitation wavelengths and concentrations. All models performed better at low concentrations, not exceeding the threshold concentration of red tide algae outbreak, which provides a proximate cell density of dominant algal species.
Healthy Habits and Emotional Balance in Women during the Postpartum Period: Differences between Term and Preterm Delivery
Authors: Gila-Díaz Andrea , Herranz Carrillo Gloria , Arribas Silvia M. , Ramiro-Cortijo David
Published: October 2021

Breastfeeding could be considered as a vulnerable period, rising the risk to shift from optimism to pessimism. Preterm delivery is an event that increases postpartum maternal stress and depression, which can have a negative impact on breastfeeding and maternal–filial wellbeing. The adherence to healthy habits may have a positive influence on this vulnerable population. We aimed to analyze the impact of prematurity on maternal psychological aspects during postpartum and to study if adherence to the Healthy Food Pyramid influences psychological variables. Fifty-five breastfeeding women being attended in the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (Madrid, Spain) were recruited during the first day postpartum. The medical data were collected from the obstetrical records. The women answered an auto-administered questionnaire with several sections: sociodemographic characteristics, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Life Orientation Test (LOT), at 14 days and 6 months postpartum, Adherence to the Healthy Food Pyramid Questionnaire (AP-Q) at 28 days postpartum and the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) at 6 months postpartum. The PSS and LOT scores were not statistically different in mothers with preterm compared to term delivery either at 14 days or at 6 months postpartum. Longitudinally, the PSS did not show significant differences, but the LOT score was lower at 6 months compared to 14 days postpartum (p-Value = 0.046). A higher EPDS score was significantly found in mothers with preterm delivery (9.0 ± 4.7) than those with a term delivery (5.4 ± 4.2; p-value = 0.040). A significant and positive correlation was observed between the AP-Q score and LOT both at 14 days and 6 months postpartum. Conclusively, maternal optimism decreases during the postpartum period, women with preterm delivery being at risk of postpartum depression. Furthermore, there is a relationship between optimism and adherence to healthy habits. Healthcare professional counseling is essential during the entire breastfeeding period, particularly in vulnerable mothers with preterm delivery.
Photosensitive Bent-Core Liquid Crystals with Laterally Substituted Azobenzene Unit
Authors: Jágerová Diana , Šmahel Michal , Poryvai Anna , Macháček Jan , Novotná Vladimíra , Kohout Michal
Published: October 2021

Photosensitive liquid crystals represent an important class of functional materials that experience rapid development. Hereby, we present novel bent-core liquid crystals bearing a lateral substitution on the central core and in the vicinity of the photosensitive unit—an azo group. The azo group enables fast (E)-to-(Z)-isomerization upon irradiation with UV-light and visible light, while the substitution facilitates the high stability of the photochemically formed (Z)-isomer. The effectiveness of the irradiation and the composition of photostationary states was determined by UV/Vis and 1H NMR spectroscopy. A nematic phase formed by the materials was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and optical polarizing microscopy. We show that the materials easily change their relative configuration of the N=N double bond not only in solution, but also in the mesophase, which leads to fast isothermal phase transition from the nematic phase to isotropic liquid.
Burden of proof in a labour dispute
Authors: Kashlakova A. S.
Published: October 2021

The actual implementation of labor rights is possible if there are working mechanisms for the protection of violated rights in the legislation. The effectiveness of such protection depends, inter alia, on the procedural rules that secure the position of the disputing parties, their rights, obligations, and the rules for the distribution of the burden of proof. In this paper, we will focus on the norms that enshrine the rules for distributing the burden of proof of circumstances that are important for resolving a labor dispute.

English version of the article is available at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/burden-of-proof-in-a-labour-dispute/71251.html
The use of digital methods of monitoring the labor activity of employees in the context of the concept of the quality of working life
Authors: Kuchina Yu.A.
Published: October 2021

The article analyzes the positive and negative consequences of the use of new technologies by the employer for monitoring employees and concludes that the quality of working life of employees decreases in the case of constant, comprehensive monitoring of their activities. The author has formulated a number of requirements for the use of digital methods of monitoring the activities of employees in order to reduce the level of stress and ensure the mental comfort of employees in the workplace.
On the issue of re-qualification of a civil contract in the labor contract
Authors: Sokolenko N.N. , Agarkova J.G.
Published: October 2021

The article examines the relationship between the concepts of “employment contract” and “transaction” on the basis of various opinions of scientists and judicial practice, as well as analyzes the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of determining the powers of tax inspections in relation to the re-qualification of civil law contracts into labor contracts.
Filantróp kockázati tőkebefektetések
Authors: Lovas Anita
Published: October 2021

A társadalmi és a környezeti értékek figyelembevétele nem újkeletű fogalom a pénzügyekben, de a Social Finance és a Social Investments a válságot követően került előtérbe. Az empirikus felmérések szerint már a kockázatitőke-alapok stratégiájába beépült a társadalmi törekvés, de a tényleges kihelyezéseknél még kisebb a társadalmi fókuszú célvállalatok aránya. Mivel a vállalatok kiválasztásánál a várható pénzügyi megtérülés mellett a társadalmi hatásokat is figyelembe veszik, emiatt nagyobb a hangsúly a leendő menedzsment összetételén, például, hogy képes-e átfogóan gondolkodni, nem csak az üzleti célokat maga elé helyezni. A befektetés időszakában nagy arányban nyújtanak nem pénzbeli támogatást, a leggyakoribb a közös stratégiai célalkotás és a vállalkozók mentorálása.
INFLUENCE OF MATERIAL STRUCTURE ON THE MAGNETOSTRICTIVE PROPERTIES OF A RADIATOR FOR DEFROSTING HEAT EXCHANGERS OF VENTILATION EQUIPMENT
Authors: Il'ina T. , Orlov P. , Chizhov A.
Published: October 2021

the article deals with the properties of ferromagnetics and their behaviour in an external magnetic field. The conditions under which magnetism occurs in materials are shown and the choice of material for a magneto-strictive emitter is justified. The composition and properties of permendur as the most suitable material for the manufacture of magnetostrictive radiators are presented. It is shown that for the manufacture of the magnetostrictor it is feasible to use electro-erosion equipment for cutting packages from permendur com-pared to the costly and cumbersome method of stamping in a matrix of a particular shape. Tests were carried out on a duralumin heat exchanger with artificial frostbite. The evaporator was fed with refrigerant at 0.22 MPa, which corresponds to the boiling point of R 410a refrigerant at 35°C, by means of a refrigerant line made of aluminium pipes. Frostbite was then produced by applying moist air using an ultrasonic steam gen-erator. Frost on the evaporator surface is discharged by means of a magnetostrictor mounted on the heat ex-changer. The proposed method allows for the most effective cleaning of the surfaces of heat exchangers of ventilation equipment from scale, fouling and other mechanical deposits by means of mechanical vibrations.
Use of foster parents in species conservation may cause conflicting objectives: hybridization between Lesser White-fronted Goose Anser erythropus and Barnacle Goose Branta leucopsis
Authors: Liljebäck Niklas , Koffijberg Kees , Kowallik Christine , Månsson Johan , Andersson Åke
Published: October 2021

Following the use    of Barnacle Geese Branta leucopsis as foster parents in a conservation program for the endangered Lesser White-fronted Goose Anser erythropus in Sweden 1981–1999, mixed breeding pairs of the two species were established in the wild. We find indications that this was related to shared moulting habits of the two species in the Bothnian Sea during late 1990s. Starting in 2003, five mixed pairs produced at least 49 free-flying hybrid offspring until 2013, when the last breeding was confirmed. Reported numbers of hybrids did not increase in parallel to the production of young hybrids over time. After 2013, the number of hybrids started to decrease in Sweden and the Netherlands. Lower numbers of hybrids than expected can partly be explained by management actions taken, but may also be associated with low survival due to genetic outbreeding. Mixed pairs and their offspring entirely adopted the migratory habits of Barnacle Geese, overlapping very little with sites used by Lesser White-fronted Geese. We find no evidence that the hybrids ever posed a serious threat to Lesser White-fronted Geese breeding in Fennoscandia.
Characteristic Electrocardiography Findings of COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Gur Ali , Ulutas Zeynep
Published: October 2021

Background: Determining a relationship between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the ECG findings of the patients with this disease can assist in early diagnosis and patient management based on these findings. This study aimed to investigate whether COVID-19 patients had characteristic ECG findings in the acute period. Methods: A total of 124 patients were divided into two groups as those diagnosed with COVID-19 and controls. The ECGs of these patients were evaluated in terms of rate, rhythm, presence of ST changes, PR interval, QRS width, QTc and QT interval, and presence of right and left bundle branch blocks. Results: On the ECG, the median heart rate of the COVID-19 patients was 104/min (IQR: 99–114), and there was a significant difference compared to the control group (P<0.001). The median PR interval was 157/ms, the QRS width was 86 ± 9/ms in the COVID-19 patients, with no significant difference compared to the controls (P = 0.161 and P = 0.631, respectively). The median QT interval of the COVID-19 patients was normal (400/ms), but a significant difference was detected compared to the controls (P = 0.005). The QTc, ST change, AF, and presence of right and left bundle branch blocks were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: Considering the importance of ECG findings in order to diagnose COVID-19 disease early, we can state that sinus tachycardia is very common in COVID-19 patients, but there is no characteristic ECG finding for COVID-19, including tachycardia.
Prevalence, Pattern, and Correlates of Polypharmacy among Iranian Type II Diabetic Patients: Results from Pars Cohort Study
Authors: Azadi Mahbobeh , Kamalipour Alireza , Molavi Vardanjani Hossein , Poustchi Hossein , Taherifard Erfan , Sharifi Mohammad Hossein , Salehi Alireza , Mohammadi Zahra
Published: October 2021

Background: Polypharmacy can negatively affect the life of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients. There is little evidence on the associated factors of, and patterns of polypharmacy among T2DM patients in developing regions. The aim of this study is to determine the population-based prevalence of polypharmacy, its associated factors, and pattern in southern Iran. Methods: We used baseline data from the Pars Cohort Study (PCS). Age-standardized prevalence of polypharmacy and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated. Association of polypharmacy with demographic and socio-economic factors, anthropometric measures, serum biomarkers, physical activity, cigarette and tobacco smoking, and multimorbidity was assessed by applying multivariable Poisson modeling. Prevalence ratio (PR) and its CI were estimated. The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification system was used for drug classification. Results: Totally, 874 previously diagnosed T2DM patients with a mean age of 56.3±9.2 participated in the study. The estimated age-standardized prevalence for men and women was 17.2% (CI: 12.0–22.0) and 34.1% (CI: 33.2–39.4), respectively. The prevalence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular disorders among the study population was 39%, 58% and 20%, respectively. Having more than four comorbidities (PR, 3.90; CI, 2.39–6.34), central obesity (PR, 2.66; CI, 1.03–6.84), and female gender (PR, 1.49; CI, 1.14–1.97) were associated with polypharmacy. Also, 56.0% of patients and 23.0% of elder patients (>59 years old) reported using anti-diabetic agents. Conclusion: Polypharmacy was low among T2DM patients. More than 75% of the elder population were not on anti-diabetic medications. Polypharmacy was higher among patients with multiple comorbidities, central obesity, lower physical activity, lower socio-economic status, younger age at diagnosis, and longer duration of T2DM.
Protective Effect of Various Extracts of Allium hirtifolium and Satureja khuzestanica Plants on AAPH-Induced Oxidative Hemolysis
Authors: Moradi-Maram Negar , Dastan Dara , Nili-Ahmadabadi Amir
Published: October 2021

Background: Allium hirtifolium and Satureja khuzestanica are the Iranian endemic plants and proper candidates for antioxidant studies. This study investigated the antioxidant, anti-hemolytic properties, and phytochemical composition in different extracts of A. hirtifolium and S. khuzestanica. Methods: Hydroalcoholic, methanolic, and n-hexane extracts of A. hirtifolium and S. khuzestanica plants were prepared using soaking and ultrasonic methods. Different plant extracts were evaluated for the presence of secondary metabolites using standard methods based on colorimetric analysis. The antioxidant properties of the compounds were measured by the ferric reducing ability of power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) methods. Finally, the anti-hemolytic effects of the extracts were investigated using the 2,2’-Azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) methods. Results: Phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of flavonoids, phenolic acids, glycosides, steroids, and terpenoids in S. khuzestanica, as well as amino acid compounds, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, and phenols in A. hirtifolium. FRAP assay showed that the methanolic extract of S. khuzestanica and the n-hexane extract of A. hirtifolium have the highest total antioxidant activity. The results of the DPPH assay also demonstrated that the minimum IC50 was related to the hydroalcoholic extract of S. khuzestanica (18.58 µg/mL) and the n-hexane extract of A. hirtifolium (87.95 µg/mL). In general, the extracts of both plants could reduce the percentage of AAPH-induced hemolysis while being significant only in some concentrations (P<0.001). Conclusion: Overall, A. hirtifolium and S. khuzestanica can be used as a herbal supplement in the human diet due to their anti-hemolytic effects.
In Vitro Antifungal Activities of Sambucus ebulus Against Candida Species Using the Standard Protocol CLSI-M27-S3
Authors: Hosseini Arefeh , Ansari Soham
Published: October 2021

Background: The most prevalent fungal infection in the mouth is Candidiasis, which causes various problems for patients. Chemical treatments such as nystatin are the most common methods that are locally used for the mouth that tastes bitter. The repeated use of this method 4 times a day and its preparation during the total consumption lead to patients’ dissatisfaction. Herbal treatments due to less medicinal side effects while having equal effects can be a suitable alternative to chemical treatments. Accordingly, this research focused on evaluating the effect of the herbal extract of the antifungal palm on the types of Candida and then comparing it with Nystatin. Methods: To this end, the effect of the herbal extract of antifungal palm on 4 types of Candida (i.e., albicans, glabrata, tropicalis, and parapsilosis) was investigated, and then the results were compared with that of nystatin, which is diagnosed by the broth microdilution method. The result of the study is descriptive, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in the blue palm herbal extract was studied in comparison with nystatin for 20 isolated Candida. Results: Based on the result, MIC in the palm herbal extract was (mL/mg) 0.25-0.5 while the inhibitory effect of nystatin growth in this type was 0.125-0.5 (mg/L), and the MIC of the remaining types of Candida, including tropicalis, glabrata, and parapsilosis was 1-0.5 (mg/mL), 0.5-2, and 0.5-1. Finally, the inhibitory effect of growth (MIC) in nystatin drugs in the mentioned types was 0.5-0.25 (mg/L), 0.5-1, and 0.5-0.25. Conclusion: Overall, the activity of the antifungal palm herbal extract is suitable against the examined types of Candida, and this extract may be used as a drug or mouthwash for candidiasis patients.
Exploring RNAs Interactions and Polymorphisms in the Pathophysiology of Pemphigus: A Review
Authors: Bahrami Ali , Taheri Mohammad , Habibi Parisa , Soleimani Meysam , Nouri Fatemeh
Published: October 2021

Background: Pemphigus consists of a group of rare autoimmune blistering diseases involving the skin and mucous membranes. Pemphigus pathophysiology is mediated by autoantibodies against two desmosomal cadherins, namely, desmoglein (Dsg) 1 and (Dsg) 3 that are present in the skin and mucosal membranes. The involvement of coding and non-coding RNAs in the pathophysiology of pemphigus has been studied in the literature. MicroRNAs are small RNAs that could also be used as diagnostic biomarkers for some autoimmune diseases. The aim of this research was to explore the potential of this specification of some RNAs to be used as biomarkers for diagnosing pemphigus or its severity. This review discussed RNA expressions in patients with pemphigus. Methods: A comprehensive search was performed on published studies from 1990 to May 2020 using different search engines including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Results: In general, 335 articles were obtained according to search keywords. Then, 41 relevant studies were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. MiR-338-3p, miR-424-5p, and miR-584-5p were among the miRNAs that were reported to be increased in pemphigus. The C3 mRNA, mRNA of CD36, mRNA of CD163, mRNA of urokinase plasminogen activator (PA), IL23R mRNA, RORγt mRNA, and human leukocyte antigen G1 (HLA-G1) mRNA were coding RNAs that increased in pemphigus in addition to the activity of the mRNA of tissue-type PA while HLA-G2 mRNA decreased in pemphigus. Conclusion: Overall, this study investigated the role of Mir-338-3p, miR-424-5p, MiR-127, miR-584-5p, and some mRNAs in pemphigus, and it was revealed that some RNAs may be impressive on pemphigus. More studies and clinical assessments need more information about the role of RNAs on pemphigus to obtain a better view of their mechanisms and use them as biomarkers for earlier diagnosis or probable treatment.
High-intensity interval training ameliorates high-fat diet-induced elevation of aminotransferases in male Wistar rats
Authors: Asqari Qazaleh , Gholami Farhad , Bashiri Jabbar , Donyaei Adel
Published: October 2021

Background and aims: A high-fat diet increases triglyceride (TG) accumulations in hepatocytes and results in non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLDs). In this regard, this study investigated the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), along with a high-fat diet on the serum levels of aminotransferases in male Wistar rats. Methods: Forty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the standard diet, high-fat diet, exercise + standard diet, and exercise + high-fat diet groups (each containing 10 animals). HIIT program consisted of 6-12 repetitions of 2-minute highs-intensity exercise (85-90% of the maximum speed) interspersed with 1-minute low-intensity exercise (45-50% peak speed) with the frequency of 5 sessions a week over 12 weeks. High-fat diet groups received a diet regimen including 58% fat, 25% protein, and 17% carbohydrate, ad libitum. The blood samples were taken from the left ventricle 48 hours following the last intervention to assess TG, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate amino-transferase (AST) concentrations. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc tests. Results: The findings showed the mean of ALT, AST, and TG in the high-fat diet group was significantly greater compared to the standard diet group (P=0.001). Furthermore, the mean of ALT, AST, and TG in the exercise + high-fat diet group was significantly lower in comparison with the high-fat diet group (P=0.01, P=0.017, and P=0.012, respectively). Conclusion: Although HIIT ameliorated high-fat diet-induced elevations in the serum levels of TG, ALT, and AST, they did not reach the baseline levels. Thus, it may indicate that a diet as the underlying cause of NAFLDs is more important than any other interventions such as exercise.
Impacto de la pandemia COVID-19 en la salud mental de la población general
Authors: Hernandez Salazar Brenda , Grace Biu Leila Ann
Published: October 2021

Introducción. La enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), causada por el nuevo coronavirus del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo 2, fue declarada pandemia por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Se establecieron estrictas medidas de salud pública para evitar la propagación del virus, las cuales pueden afectar a la salud mental de la población en general. Por lo que, este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar las emociones y la salud mental de los pacientes, en un centro médico no gubernamental de nivel uno en Costa Rica entre el 2 de octubre y el 30 de diciembre de 2020. Metodología. Participaron 279 pacientes de los cuales, solo 272 fueron utilizados para el análisis de datos. El paciente se definió como la persona que buscó recibir tratamiento médico en dicho centro médico el mismo día del interrogatorio. Se utilizó como instrumento un cuestionario de opción múltiple y constó de un total de cuatro preguntas. Resultados. Los resultados mostraron que las emociones negativas prevalecían entre los encuestados (63,23%) y la mayoría (63,38%) de los encuestados también declaró que su salud mental se había visto afectada por la pandemia. Se encontró que las mujeres de entre 26 y 40 era el grupo poblacional más afectado. Discusión. Los resultados fueron coherentes con los de brotes y epidemias anteriores, así como con los estudios actuales que abordan la salud mental durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Se recomienda realizar futuros estudios para determinar el efecto a largo plazo de la pandemia COVID-19 en la salud mental de los costarricenses.
A Study on the Wear Behaviour of Monolithic Mullite Materials for Dental Applications
Authors: GÜLER Perent , ERTUĞ Burcu , İPEK IŞIKÇI Nazenin , KARA Alpagut
Published: October 2021

The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential use of the monolithic mullite samples for the dental applications. For this purpose, at first the monolithic mullite samples obtained by the powder metallurgy method have been characterized by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) together with the EDS analysis. The pin-on-disk tribometer has been used to conduct the wear test in order to determine the volumetric loss. After the wear tests, the worn surfaces of the sintered mullite samples have been studied. The presence of the 3Al2O3.2SiO2 structure has been confirmed by the FT-IR spectroscopy through the observation of the characteristic Al-O-Si linkages at the spectra. The wear rate results derived from the volumetric losses have been measured to be around 2.42×10-6 mm3/Nm. This value has been found to be lower than those of alumina and alumina-mullite composites in the previous studies, which explains the higher wear resistance of these mullite materials. The room temperature friction coefficients of AS-1 and AS-2 samples have been determined to be 0.88 and 0.80, respectively. The wear behaviour of the samples has been correlated to the sintering temperature and the resultant relative density of the samples. The mullite samples obtained in this study have indicated better wear performance than the other materials (alumina and alumina-mullite composites) in spite of the usage of monolithic material. Therefore, this study suggests that the monolithic mullite materials have a potential to be exploited for the replacement of the previous ceramic-based dental materials. Further studies might contribute to the improvement of these materials to be utilized in the oral environment.
Use of Taguchi Methods for Hierarchy of Influence Factors in the Application of Carbonitration in a Fluidized Bed Steel for 41Cr4 Steel
Authors: CAZACU Nelu
Published: October 2021

The work is based on carbonitriding in a fluidized layer with methane and ammonia gas applied to 41Cr4 steel samples. To achieve the best possible results, other factors must be taken into account, than those specific to carbonitring. It was necessary to use a partially factorial working procedure due to the increase in the number of factors. An A18 matrix has been used, with 18 lines of experiments in which three levels have been modified for 6 factors. The objective function was fixed at the final hardness after carbonitriding, hardening and tempering. The carbonitriding was performed in fluidized bed with granular solid ground and sorted to 0.1- to 0.16mm, and brought to fluidization with a mixture of methane and ammonia. The hardening has been done directly after carbonitriding in the fluidized bed. The experiments have been performed according to Taguchi Methods and the results indicate an optimal regime and the influence of the factors considered on the hardness after the thermo-chemical treatment and the thermal treatment. Metallographic analysis has been performed on the carbonitrided layer.
İNFODEMİYOLOJİ, DİJİTAL EPİDEMİYOLOJİ VE METABİLİM: İNSANIN İNSANI, BİLİMİN İNSANI ALDATMASI NASIL ÖNLENİR?
Authors: Hayran Osman
Published: October 2021

Pandemi ve epidemiler güvenilir bilgiye en çok ihtiyaç duyulan dönemler olduğu halde hangi kaynaklara güvenmek gerektiği konusunda kafa karışıklığı oluşmakta, herkes kendileri ve sevdikleri için gerekli önlemleri almak amacıyla her türlü bilgiye, enformasyona kulak kabartmakta, ancak, kendilerine ulaşan bilgilerin hangilerinin doğru hangilerinin yanlış olduğunu değerlendirme olanağından çoğu zaman yoksun bulunmaktadır. Hızla yayılan yanlış bilgilerin etkileri bazı durumlarda hastalığın etkilerinden daha yıkıcı hale gelebilmektedir. Bu nedenle epidemiler sırasında görülen, bazıları doğru bazıları yanlış olan aşırı bilgi bombardımanı anlamına gelen infodemi adı verilen bu durumun iyi yönetilmesi gerekir. Bu durumu inceleme ve neden olduğu sorunlara çözüm bulma çabaları sonucunda infodemiyoloji isimli disiplinler arası bir bilim dalı ortaya çıkmıştır. Pandemi döneminde yaygınlaşan ve infodemi kadar önemli olan bir başka bilgi çağı sorunu bilimsel olmayan yöntemlerle yapılmış araştırma sonuçlarıdır. Yani, infodemi ile yayılan yanlış bilgiler sıradan insanları yanıltmakta iken, bilimsel olmayan yöntemlerle yapılan yayınlar da bilim insanlarını yanıltmaktadır. Her ne kadar bilimsel dergilerde yayınlanmış ve bilim adamı sıfatı taşıyan kişilerce yapılmış, yazılmış olsalar da saygın dergilerde yer alan pek çok araştırmanın aslında bilimsel olmadığı eskiden beri, pandemi öncesinde de bilinen bir gerçektir. Pandemi döneminde herkesin hızla bir şeyler bulup adını duyurma, tarihe geçme arzusu nedeniyle olsa gerek bilimsel araştırma süreçlerinin gerektirdiği sabır ve titizlik geri plana itilmiş, yöntem yönünden son derece zayıf, bulguları tartışmalı olan çok sayıda yayın saygın dergileri istila etmiştir. Bunları inceleme amacını taşıyan Metabilim, diğer adlarıyla Meta-Araştırma ya da Kanıta-Dayalı Araştırma, “bilimin bilimi” ya da “araştırmaların araştırılması” anlamına gelmekte ve her geçen gün önemi artmaktadır.
PENGARUH MOTIVASI,PELATIHAN DAN GAJI TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN TETAP PADA UNIVERSITAS BORNEO TARAKAN
Authors: Mandua Jeni , Syahran Syahran
Published: October 2021

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh motivasi, pelatihan dan gaji terhadap kinerja karyawan tetap pada Universitas Borneo Tarakan. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survei yang menggunakan pertanyaan tertulis. Penarikan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode slovin. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah karyawan tetap pada Universitas Borneo Tarakan. Jumlah responden sebanyak 61 karyawan. Metode analisis menggunakan alat analisis dengan bantuan program SPSS Versi 16.0. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa motivasi berpengaruh positif terhadap kineja dengan nilai t-hitung t-tabel, sebesar 1.845 dan nilai tingkat signifikan 1.670, pelatihan berpengaruh negatifi terhadap kinerja dan tidak signifikan dengan nilai t-hitung t-table, sebesar 666 dan nilai tingkat signifikan sebesar 1.670 dan gaji berpengaruh negatifi terhadap kinerja dan tidak signifikan dengan nilai thitung t-table sebesar 406 dan nilai tingkat signifikan sebesar 1.670.
PENGARUH COUNTRY OF ORIGIN DAN BRAND IMAGE TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN SMARTPHONE DI UNIVERSITAS BORNEO TARAKAN (STUDI KASUS PADA MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS BORNEO TARAKAN)
Authors: Pratama Yugi , Hasanah Nurjannatul
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh: Country of Origin dan Brand Image terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Smartphone di Universitas Borneo Tarakan (Studi Kasus Pada Mahasiswa Universitas Borneo Tarakan) Dimana diajukan dua variabel bebas dan satu variabel terikat, yaitu Country of Origin dan Brand Image berperan sebagai variabel bebas dan Keputusan Pembelian sebagai variabel terikat. Metode sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Nonprobability Sampling dengan teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu menggunakan Purposive Sampling. Data diperoleh dari hasil penyebaran Kuesioner dengan jumlah Kuesioner 100 buah Kuesioner. Metode analisis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda. Pengujian statistik dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji t. Hasil penelitian ini adalah dalam pengujian secara parsial variabel Country of Origin tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian.Varibel Country of Origin t hitung = -1.230 t tabel = 1,661, t hitung lebih rendah dari t tabel. Sedangkan Brand Image t hitung 6,152 t tabel 1,661, berpengarus secara signifikan karena t hitung lebih tinggi dari pada t tabel yang di persyaratkan. Dari hasil pengolahan data secara pasrial dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari ke dua variabel bebas hanya satu variabel bebas yang berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan yaitu variabel Brand Image terhadap variabel terikat Keputusan pembelian.
implikasi tinngkat profitabilitas dan leverage operasi terhadap keputusan pembiayaan pada usaha mikro kecil menengah di kota tarakan
Authors: Banding Mappa Panglima , Harpia Harpia
Published: October 2021

Abstrak : Penelitian ini dikarenakan oleh beberapa permasalahan, di antaranya, prosedur dan persyaratan perbankan yang terlalu rumit maka pembiayaan ditolak dikarenakan prosedur atau persyaratan tersebut. Perbankan yang dihadapi oleh usaha kecil belum efektif, masih dalam kaitan dengan kelemahan sistem terutama dalam manajemen keuangan, seperti perencanaan keuangan, proposal dan sebagainya. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menguji implikasi keterangan empires dan memperoleh tingkat elastisitas operasi dan profitabilitas perusahaan terhadap keputusan pembiayaan. Riset ini dilakukan pada skala usaha mikro kecil dan menengah di kota Tarakan, Kalimantan Utara. Responden digunakan dalam  Test 1 sebanyak 13 responden, 16 2 percobaan dan manipulasi peserta serentak ketika sebanyak 20 peserta oleh penggunaan 4 macam manipulasi. Riset ini menggunakan disain bersifat percobaan intrasubjek. Teknik digunakan menjadi analisa dua Faktor di dalam studi. Hasil studi menunjukkan variabel tingkat profitabilitas signifikan terhadap keputusan dari pembiayaan dan leverage operasi tidak mempunyai pengaruh signifikan terhadap pembiayaan usaha kecil di kota Tarakan. Pelaku usaha perlu membuat laporan  keuangan menyangkut neraca perusahaan profit/loss.
Pengaruh Senam Otak Terhadap Perilaku Temper Tantrum pada Anak Usia Prasekolah di TK Nurul Ikhsan Kota Semarang
Authors: Sudarwati Wiwik , Rosalina Rosalina
Published: October 2021

Temper tantrum merupakan suatu ledakan emosi kuat sekali yang dapat berisiko menyebabkan cidera pada anak sehingga untuk mengurangi dapat diberikan intervensi berupa senam otak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh senam otak terhadap perilaku temper tantrum  pada anak usia prasekolah di TK Nurul Ikhsan Kota Semarang. Desain penelitian ini quasi experiment dengan pendekatan non equivalent control group design. Populasi penelitian   adalah anak usia prasekolah di TK Nurul Ikhsan Kota Semarang sebanyak  56 anak (usia 5-6 tahun) dengan sampel 30 responden dan diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling. Alat pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner.   Analisis   data   yang   digunakan   uji   Mann   Whitney.   Hasil   penelitian menunjukkan  ada pengaruh senam otak terhadap perilaku temper tantrum pada anak usia prasekolah di TK Nurul Ikhsan Kota Semarang dengan p-value(0,003) < α (0,05). Bagi TK Nurul Ikhsan Kota Semarang memberikan senam otak secara kontinyu kepada anak sebelum proses pembelajaran di mulai sehingga dapat membantu menurunkan perilaku negatif  pada  anak  khususnya  temper  tantrum serta  meningkatkan  konsentrasi  belajar sehingga tujuan pendidikan dapat tercapai.