bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contribuição da atenção primária à saúde para a segurança do paciente: revisão sistemática e metanálise
Authors: Lima Isabelle dos Santos de , Vasconcelos Patrícia Freire de , Oliveira Andressa Suelly Saturnino de , Araújo Márcio Flávio Moura de , Sousa Fernanda Pereira de , Souza Neto Pedro Holanda , Lopes Rosana Liberato
Published: July 2022

Introdução: A Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) é considerada o primeiro nível de atenção à saúde, capaz de resolver até 80% dos problemas de saúde. Objetivo: Analisar as evidências da contribuição da APS para a segurança do paciente. Métodos: Revisão sistemática e metanálise realizadas nas fontes obtidas por meio de seis bases de dados (Medline, Cinahl, Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science e Lilacs), a partir de critérios de elegibilidade elencados. Foram utilizados os descritores atenção primária à saúde e segurança do paciente, o método estatístico metanálise aplicado à revisão sistemática que integra os resultados dos estudos primários, combinando resultados de diferentes estudos. Resultados: A análise de dados geral ocorreu com o uso do software R. Foram encontrados 2.171 estudos, dos quais, após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 13 foram selecionados para compor a revisão e metanálise. Encontrou-se após a randomização, considerando não somente uma variação, mas a variação de vários estudos, que o efeito bda randomização é de 0,70 [IC (0,66 – 0,75)], p = 0,01, o que representa que a atenção primária tem impacto positivo no desenvolvimento de estratégias de segurança do paciente nos variados âmbitos. Conclusão: A atenção primária desenvolve ações essenciais, que podem minimizar os riscos para os usuários e diminuir os índices de eventos negativos em saúde.
Projeto de intervenção sobre trabalho de parto e parto
Authors: Torres Ítalo Roger Ferreira , Silva Liniker Scolfild Rodrigues da , Carvalho Gianna Ribeiro , Roque Thicianne da Silva , Cordeiro Eliana Lessa , Pereira Emanuela Batista Ferreira e
Published: July 2022

Objetivo: Relatar a elaboração e apresentação de um Projeto de Intervenção em saúde às gestantes e seus acompanhantes sobre o processo do trabalho de parto e parto. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, descritivo do tipo relato de experiência, desenvolvido a partir da vivência de um enfermeiro pós-graduando em Enfermagem Obstétrica. Resultados: Dentre as etapas de elaboração, foram necessárias oficinas e encontros sistemáticos com enfermeiros das Unidades Básicas de Saúde e do Centro de Parto Normal, bem como com as gestantes e seus acompanhantes, sobre: rotina institucional e ações educativas a respeito do processo de trabalho de parto e parto. A partir destes encontros, foi possível elaborar e propor um Projeto de Intervenção para o enfermeiro utilizar nos serviços de saúde nas ações educativas para as gestantes e seus acompanhantes sobre o processo do trabalho de parto e parto. Conclusão: Espera-se que a elaboração deste Projeto de Intervenção possa contribuir para a melhoria da qualidade da assistência às gestantes e parturientes, e seus acompanhantes, potencializando uma prática de intervenção em enfermagem holística, integrada e humanizada nos espaços de cuidado em saúde.
Comparative assessment of birth preparedness and complication readiness among women in rural and urban areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Akter Pervin , Sharmin Farzana , Islam Jinnat Ara , Begum Hasina , Khadija - , Nasreen Dalia , Ahmed Zeba , Choudhury Md Iqbal Mahmud , Shabnam Nilufar
Published: July 2022

Background: Birth preparedness and complication readiness is an imperative intervention which has proven to reduce delays in care seeking behavior in case of obstetric emergencies. Although, many pregnant women and their families do not take the suggested steps to prepare for childbirth, despite of being known of them. Additionally, marked disparities often have been observed between rural and urban areas, with more maternal and neonatal deaths occurring in the rural areas owing to the unpreparedness. This study thus set out to assess and compare the knowledge, practice and factors associated with birth preparedness and complication readiness among women from rural and urban areas in Bangladesh.
Methodology: A cross-sectional comparative study design have been undertaken among 250 rural and 240 urban women in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh and Shaheed Sayed Nazrul Islam Medical College and Hospital, Kishoreganj, Dhaka over a period of 6 months from 1st October 2020 to 30th March 2021. All pregnant women who attended in the antenatal clinic of SSNIMCH and SSMCH for the first time during the study period was include in the study. Quantitative data was collected by the use of semi structured questionnaires adapted from the safe motherhood questionnaire, developed by maternal and neonatal Programme of Johns Hopkins Programme for International Education in Gynaecology and Obstetrics (JHPIEGO) an affiliate of John Hopkins University.
Result: Birth preparedness and complication readiness was evident in 34.17% of the urban and 30.4% of the rural respondents. Urban women were statistically significantly more aware of the danger signs of pregnancy, labour and postpartum period (p<0.001). Selection of place of delivery, arrangement of transportation, emergency fund and blood donor was the most important actions taken as part of birth preparedness both in rural and urban respondents. Null birth preparedness was observed among 28.0% of the rural respondents compared to 2.50% of the urban respondents. The decision regarding the place of delivery was taken mostly by their husband both in urban and rural sub sets. Thus, this study findings showed low practice of BPACR both among urban and rural community while rural people showed more inaction than urban people.
Bioresearch Commu. 8(2): 1100-1105, 2022 (July)
Pengaruh Fraksi Ukuran dan pH Pada Flotasi Mineral Sulfida
Authors: Subandrio Subandrio , Palit Christin , Marwanza Irfan , I. Emmy Fatmi B. , Juradi Muhammad Idris
Published: July 2022

Peningkatan kadar unsur atau mineral dari bijih/ ore hasil penambangan biasanya selalu  dilakukan dalam industri pertambangan, bagaimana menggoperasian peralatan secara optimal  diperlukan kajian yang mendalam. Penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan mengamati parameter-parameter mempengaruhi peningkatan kadar dengan metoda flotasi, alat flotasi memanfaatkan perbedaan sifat permukaan (kimia fisika) sehingga bisa memisahkan mineral sulfida dan pengotor. Bijih yang digunakan pada penelitian adalah bijih galena (PbS) merupakan salah satu jenis mineral sulfida. Percobaan dilakukan dengan memvariasikan beberapa variabel yaitu : ukuran umpan dengan rentang 140  - 325 mesh (105 – 44 mikron) , pH pulp dilakukan antara 7 – 11 dan waktu flotasi dilakukan antara 3 – 9 menit. Hasil percobaan memperlihatkan bahwa makin kecil ukuran umpan, kadar Pb (%) cenderung meningkat. Untuk pH pulp  kadar Pb terbaik pada pH 9,5. makin tinngi pH gelembung yg terbentuk cenderung stabil sehingga material terangkat sempurna ke permukaan. Waktu flotasi terbaik didapat pada 6,5 menit. Waktu sangat berpengaruh terhadap keefektifan kerja reagent yg digunakan pada proses flotasi.   Berdasarkan percobaan, hasil terbaik pada ukuran -200 + 230 mesh, pH 9,5 dan waktu retensi 6,5 menit yaitu dengan kadar Pb 27 % .
Identifikasi Sebaran Batugamping Menggunakan Data Citra Landsat 8 Di Pulau Buton Bagian Selatan
Authors: Heriyansyah Andi Fahdli , Chalik Citra Aulian , Wakila Muhamad Hardin , Harwan Harwan , F Firdaus
Published: July 2022

Indonesia memiliki potensi bahan galian industri cukup besar dan tersebar hampir di seluruh wilayah Indonesia. Pulau Buton yang terletak di salah satu lengan Sulawesi bagian tenggara adalah salah satu wilayah Indonesia yang memiliki potensi batugamping cukup besar, batugamping terumbu tersebut telah mengalami proses geologi hingga terangkat 700 m ke permukaan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi sebaran batugamping dengan menggunakan data Citra Landsat 8 OLI (Operational Land Imager). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengolah data Citra Landsat 8 kemudian dianalisis dan dilakukan beberapa metode interpretasi sehingga sebaran batugamping dapat teridentifikasi dengan baik. Metode interpretasi yang digunakan pada Citra Landsat 8 adalah metode composite band RGB (Red Green Blue), band ratios, dan band spectral. Pada data Citra Landsat 8, metode interpretasi yang dilakukan didapatkan dua klasifikasi sebaran batugamping yaitu sebaran batugamping potensi tinggi dan sebaran batugamping potensi rendah. Setelah pengolahan data Citra Landsat 8, penelitian ini juga melakukan pengecekan langsung di lapangan untuk mendukung keberhasilan dari hasil interpretasi yang dilakukan. Penelitian ini memiliki implikasi yang cukup besar untuk memanfaatkan data Citra Landsat 8 untuk tujuan eksplorasi lebih lanjut.
Set7 Deletion Prevents Glucose Intolerance and Improves the Recovery of Cardiac Function After Ischemia and Reperfusion in Obese Female Mice
Authors: Miranda Juliane B. , Lunardon Guilherme , Lima Vanessa M. , de Oliveira Silva Tábatha , Lino Caroline A. , Jensen Leonardo , Irigoyen Maria Cláudia , da Silva Ivson Bezerra , Lu Yao Wei , Liu Jianming , Júnior Jose Donato , Barreto-Chaves Maria Luiza M. , Wang Da-Zhi , Diniz Gabriela P. ,   Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Published: July 2022

Background/Aims: An obesogenic diet (high fat and sugar, low fiber) is associated with an increased risk for metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Previous studies have demonstrated that epigenetic changes can modify gene transcription and protein function, playing a key role in the development of several diseases. The methyltransferase Set7 methylates histone and non-histone proteins, influencing diverse biological and pathological processes. However, the functional role of Set7 in obesity-associated metabolic and cardiovascular complications is unknown. Methods: Wild type and Set7 knockout female mice were fed a normal diet or an obesogenic diet for 12 weeks. Body weight gain and glucose tolerance were measured. The 3T3-L1 cells were used to determine the role of Set7 in white adipogenic differentiation. Cardiac morphology and function were evaluated by histology and echocardiography. An ex vivo Langendorff perfusion system was used to model cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Results: Here, we report that Set7 protein levels were enhanced in the heart and perigonadal adipose tissue (PAT) of female mice fed an obesogenic diet. Significantly, loss of Set7 prevented obesogenic diet-induced glucose intolerance in female mice although it did not affect the obesogenic diet-induced increase in body weight gain and adiposity in these animals, nor did Set7 inhibition change white adipogenic differentiation in vitro. In addition, loss of Set7 prevented the compromised cardiac functional recovery following ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury in obesogenic diet-fed female mice; however, deletion of Set7 did not influence obesogenic diet-induced cardiac hypertrophy nor the hemodynamic and echocardiographic parameters. Conclusion: These data indicate that Set7 plays a key role in obesogenic diet-induced glucose intolerance and compromised myocardial functional recovery after I/R in obese female mice.
LETRAMENTO INCLUSIVO:
Authors: Corrêa Adriana Moreira de Souza , Vieira Francileide Batista de Almeida
Published: July 2022

Este artigo objetiva analisar pesquisas científicas que abordam o conceito letramento inclusivo, identificando a metodologia, os participantes e os espaços de realização. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, exploratória, com dados analisados em uma abordagem qualiquantitativa. O corpus de análise é formado por 16 textos (trabalhos completos publicados em anais de eventos, em artigos de periódicos, em dissertações e teses) publicados entre 2008 e 2019, disponíveis em três bases de dados Scientific Electronic Library Online, Scopus e Google Acadêmico. Constatamos a necessidade de divulgação desse conceito e a ampliação de pesquisas a ele relacionadas, realizadas em outros espaços para além dos escolares, envolvendo diferentes partícipes das práticas de letramento inclusivo.
A MORTE EM TRÊS TEMPOS: O INSTANTE IRREMEDIÁVEL DE DOM QUIXOTE, MADAME BOVARY E BRÁS CUBAS
Authors: Pereira Marcos Aparecido , Magalhães Epaminondas de Matos
Published: July 2022

Este trabalho pretendeu analisar o instante de morte de Dom Quixote, Madame Bovary e Brás Cubas. A partir dos momentos finais desses três famosos personagens da literatura mundial é possível refletir sobre suas vidas, mas, principalmente, sobre relações humanas, sociais e afetivas representadas na literatura. Desse modo, aquilo que o personagem vê, ouve e sente, bem como quem está com ele em seu momento final, oferece-nos material para que possamos compreender essa experiência única que é a morte. No pequeno intervalo de tempo que antecede a representação do fim, somos capazes de compreender a loucura, a culpa e as fraquezas morais dos personagens e com elas, também, as nossas, afinal, é na cumplicidade do diálogo com eles que damos passos incertos na busca de sentido de nossa própria existência.
Factors Affecting the Expression of Recombinant Protein and Improvement Strategies in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells
Authors: Li Zheng-Mei , Fan Zhen-Lin , Wang Xiao-Yin , Wang Tian-Yun
Published: July 2022

Recombinant therapeutic proteins (RTPs) are important parts of biopharmaceuticals. Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) have become the main cell hosts for the production of most RTPs approved for marketing because of their high-density suspension growth characteristics, and similar human post-translational modification patterns et al. In recent years, many studies have been performed on CHO cell expression systems, and the yields and quality of recombinant protein expression have been greatly improved. However, the expression levels of some proteins are still low or even difficult-to express in CHO cells. It is urgent further to increase the yields and to express successfully the “difficult-to express” protein in CHO cells. The process of recombinant protein expression of is a complex, involving multiple steps such as transcription, translation, folding processing and secretion. In addition, the inherent characteristics of molecular will also affect the production of protein. Here, we reviewed the factors affecting the expression of recombinant protein and improvement strategies in CHO cells.
Artificial Intelligence for Demystifying Blockchain Technology Challenges: A Survey of Recent Advances
Authors: Olaniyi Olayemi Mikail , Alfa Abraham Ayegba , Umar Buhari Ugbede
Published: July 2022

Blockchain technology has gained lots of traction in the past five years due to the innovations introduced in digital currency, the Bitcoin. This technology is powered by distributed ledger technology, which is a distributed database system. It is often renowned for decentralization, anti-attack, and unfalsified attributes making it a top choice in several non-monetary applications. In fact, the problem of privacy and security of the Internet of Things has been undertaken aggressively with Blockchain. Several problems have been identified with blockchain technology such as large delays and lack of support for real-time transaction processing, authorization, node verification, and consensus mechanisms. This article intends to provide a comprehensive survey on the recent advances and solutions to the problems of blockchain technology by leveraging the artificial intelligence approaches. The outcomes of this study will provide valuable information and guidance on the design of Blockchain-based systems to support time-sensitive and real-time specific applications and processes.
Environmental Impact of Ground Source Heat Pump Systems: A Comparative Investigation From South to North Europe
Authors: Aresti Lazaros , Florides Georgios A. , Skaliontas Andreas , Christodoulides Paul
Published: July 2022

Ground Heat Exchangers (GHEs), buried in the ground either horizontally or vertically (in a borehole), are coupled with a heat pump to form a Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) system, which is a type of Renewable Energy System that exploits geothermal energy for space heating and cooling. GSHP systems are proposed as an alternative to conventional Air Source Heat Pumps (ASHPs) as they exhibit a higher efficiency. In this study, this difference in efficiency is tested in order to determine how the systems perform in terms of environmental impact. Three types of GSHP systems (with different GHE configuration), each compared to ASHPs, undergo a Life Cycle Analysis using the ReCiPe method from both mid-point and end-point perspectives. The heating and cooling loads required for a single residential building of area 220 m2, with nearly Zero Energy Building technical characteristics, is used as a Functional Unit, for seven cases (locations/countries) from South to North Europe. Additionally, a Simple Payback Period method is employed to investigate the CO2 payback time for the GSHPs. It is concluded that the use of GSHP systems in residential buildings, even with nZEB (nearly Zero Energy Buildings) characteristics of low heating/cooling demand, can be a more environmentally friendly solution than that of an ASHP system, depending on the factors affecting the system, namely the ground thermal characteristics, the heating/cooling demand, the heating/cooling peak loads and electricity mix.
Fetal Lung-Derived Exosomes in Term Labor Amniotic Fluid Induce Amniotic Membrane Senescence
Authors: Wan Shuting , Chen Pengzheng , Gu Mengqi , Liu Jing , Zhou Qian , Zhang Fengyuan , Lu Yuan , Li Lei , Wang Xietong
Published: July 2022

The mechanism of parturition is still unclear. Evidence has shown that delivery is associated with cellular senescence of the amniotic membrane. We isolated fetal lung-associated exosomes from the amniotic fluid from term labor (TL-exos) and verified that the exosomes can cause primary human amniotic epithelial cell (hAEC) senescence and apoptosis and can release higher levels of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)-related molecules and proinflammatory damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) than exosomes isolated from the amniotic fluid from term not in labor (TNIL-exos). The human lung carcinoma cell lines (A549) can be used as an alternative to alveolar type 2 epithelial cells producing pulmonary surfactant. Therefore, we isolated A549 cell-derived exosomes (A549-exos) and found that they can trigger hAEC to undergo the same aging process. Finally, the animal experiments suggested that A549-exos induced vaginal bleeding and preterm labor in pregnant mice. Therefore, we conclude that exosomes derived from fetal lungs in term labor amniotic fluid induce amniotic membrane senescence, which may provide new insight into the mechanism of delivery.
Asymmetric Cell Division and Tumor Heterogeneity
Authors: Li Zizhu , Zhang Ying Yi , Zhang Haomiao , Yang Jiaxuan , Chen Yongze , Lu Hezhe
Published: July 2022

Asymmetric cell division (ACD) gives rise to two daughter cells with different fates after mitosis and is a fundamental process for generating cell diversity and for the maintenance of the stem cell population. The cancer stem cell (CSC) theory suggests that CSCs with dysregulated self-renewal and asymmetric cell division serve as a source of intra-tumoral heterogeneity. This heterogeneity complicates the diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients, because CSCs can give rise to aggressive clones that are metastatic and insensitive to multiple drugs, or to dormant tumor cells that are difficult to detect. Here, we review the regulatory mechanisms and biological significance of asymmetric division in tumor cells, with a focus on ACD-induced tumor heterogeneity in early tumorigenesis and cancer progression. We will also discuss how dissecting the relationship between ACD and cancer may help us find new approaches for combatting this heterogeneity.
Covalent Chemical Tools for Profiling Post-Translational Modifications
Authors: Emenike Benjamin , Nwajiobi Ogonna , Raj Monika
Published: July 2022

Nature increases the functional diversity of the proteome through posttranslational modifications (PTMs); a process that involves the proteolytic processing or catalytic attachment of diverse functional groups onto proteins. These modifications modulate a host of biological activities and responses. Consequently, anomalous PTMs often correlate to a host of diseases, hence there is a need to detect these transformations, both qualitatively and quantitatively. One technique that has gained traction is the use of robust chemical strategies to label different PTMs. By utilizing the intrinsic chemical reactivity of the different chemical groups on the target amino acid residues, this strategy can facilitate the delineation of the overarching and inclusionary roles of these different modifications. Herein, we will discuss the current state of the art in post-translational modification analysis, with a direct focus on covalent chemical methods used for detecting them.
Effect of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Xue Lanfeng , Deng Zhiliang , Luo Wenhui , He Xingxiang , Chen Yu
Published: July 2022

Background and Aims

The clinical efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the variant effects of FMT on lean and obese NAFLD patients remain elusive. Our study aimed to determine the clinical efficacy and safety of FMT for patients with NAFLD, elucidating its different influences on lean and obese patients with NAFLD.

Methods

We performed a randomized and controlled clinical trial. Patients in the non-FMT group were administered oral probiotics. In the FMT group, patients were randomized to receive FMT with donor stool (heterologous) via colonoscopy, followed by three enemas over 3 days. Both groups were also required to maintain a healthy diet and keep regular exercise for more than 40 min every day. They returned to the hospital for reexamination 1 month after treatment.

Results

FMT can decrease the fat accumulation in the liver by improving the gut microbiota dysbiosis, thus attenuating fatty liver disease. Significant differences in the clinical features and gut microbiota between lean and obese NAFLD patients were unveiled. Moreover, FMT had better effects on gut microbiota reconstruction in lean NAFLD than in obese NAFLD patients.

Conclusions

FMT could successfully improve the therapeutic effects on patients with NAFLD, and its clinical efficacy was higher in lean NAFLD than in obese NAFLD patients.
Advancing Key Gaps in the Knowledge of Plasmodium vivax Cryptic Infections Using Humanized Mouse Models and Organs-on-Chips
Authors: Aparici Herraiz Iris , Caires Hugo R. , Castillo-Fernández Óscar , Sima Núria , Méndez-Mora Lourdes , Risueño Ruth M. , Sattabongkot Jetsumon , Roobsoong Wanlapa , Hernández-Machado Aurora , Fernandez-Becerra Carmen , Barrias Cristina C. , del Portillo Hernando A.
Published: July 2022

Plasmodium vivax is the most widely distributed human malaria parasite representing 36.3% of disease burden in the South-East Asia region and the most predominant species in the region of the Americas. Recent estimates indicate that 3.3 billion of people are under risk of infection with circa 7 million clinical cases reported each year. This burden is certainly underestimated as the vast majority of chronic infections are asymptomatic. For centuries, it has been widely accepted that the only source of cryptic parasites is the liver dormant stages known as hypnozoites. However, recent evidence indicates that niches outside the liver, in particular in the spleen and the bone marrow, can represent a major source of cryptic chronic erythrocytic infections. The origin of such chronic infections is highly controversial as many key knowledge gaps remain unanswered. Yet, as parasites in these niches seem to be sheltered from immune response and antimalarial drugs, research on this area should be reinforced if elimination of malaria is to be achieved. Due to ethical and technical considerations, working with the liver, bone marrow and spleen from natural infections is very difficult. Recent advances in the development of humanized mouse models and organs-on-a-chip models, offer novel technological frontiers to study human diseases, vaccine validation and drug discovery. Here, we review current data of these frontier technologies in malaria, highlighting major challenges ahead to study P. vivax cryptic niches, which perpetuate transmission and burden.
The Atrium in Atrial Fibrillation – A Clinical Review on How to Manage Atrial Fibrotic Substrates
Authors: Cunha Pedro Silva , Laranjo Sérgio , Heijman Jordi , Oliveira Mário Martins
Published: July 2022

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia in the population and is associated with a significant clinical and economic burden. Rigorous assessment of the presence and degree of an atrial arrhythmic substrate is essential for determining treatment options, predicting long-term success after catheter ablation, and as a substrate critical in the pathophysiology of atrial thrombogenesis. Catheter ablation of AF has developed into an essential rhythm-control strategy. Nowadays is one of the most common cardiac ablation procedures performed worldwide, with its success inversely related to the extent of atrial structural disease. Although atrial substrate evaluation remains complex, several diagnostic resources allow for a more comprehensive assessment and quantification of the extent of left atrial structural remodeling and the presence of atrial fibrosis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the pathophysiology, etiology, and electrophysiological aspects of atrial substrates promoting the development of AF. We also describe the risk factors for its development and how to diagnose its presence using imaging, electrocardiograms, and electroanatomic voltage mapping. Finally, we discuss recent data regarding fibrosis biomarkers that could help diagnose atrial fibrotic substrates.
Differential Effects of Genetically Determined Cholesterol Efflux Capacity on Coronary Artery Disease and Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Jin Aoming , Wang Mengxing , Chen Weiqi , Yan Hongyi , Xiang Xianglong , Pan Yuesong
Published: July 2022

Background

Observational studies indicated that cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is inversely associated with cardiovascular events, independently of the HDL cholesterol concentration. The aim of the study is to examine the casual relevance of CEC for coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction (MI), and compare it with that for ischemic stroke and its subtypes using a Mendelian randomization approach.

Methods

We performed a 2-sample Mendelian randomization to estimate the casual relationship of CEC with the risk of CAD, MI, and ischemic stroke. A CEC-related genetic variant (rs141622900) and other five genetic variants were used as the instrumental variables. Association of genetic variants with CAD were estimated in a GWAS involving 60,801 CAD cases and 123,504 controls. They were then compared with the associations of these variants with ischemic stroke and its subtypes (large vessel, small vessel, and cardioembolic) involving 40,585 ischemic stroke cases and 406,111 controls.

Results

Using the SNP of rs141622900 as the instrument, a 1-SD increase in CEC was associated with 45% lower risk for CAD (odds ratio [OR] 0.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.44–0.69, p < 0.001) and 33% lower risk for MI (odds ratio [OR] 0.67, 95% CI 0.52–0.87, p = 0.002). By contrast, the causal effect of CEC was much weaker for ischemic stroke (odds ratio [OR] 0.79, 95% CI 0.64–0.97, p = 0.02; p for heterogeneity = 0.03) and, in particular, for cardioembolic stroke (p for heterogeneity = 0.006) when compared with that for CAD. Results using five genetic variants as the instrument also indicated consistently weaker effects on ischemic stroke than on CAD.

Conclusion

Genetic predicted higher CEC may be associated with decreased risk of CAD. However, the casual association of CEC with ischemic stroke and specific subtypes would need to be validated in further Mendelian randomization studies.
Role of the Gut Microbiota in Glucose Metabolism During Heart Failure
Authors: Bao Pei , Zhang Zhiwei , Liang Yixiu , Yu Ziqing , Xiao Zilong , Wang Yucheng , Yu Yong , Liu Wen , Chen Xueying , Huang Zhenzhen , Su Yangang , Chen Ruizhen , Ge Junbo
Published: July 2022

Background

Blood glucose disorders are prevalent in heart failure, while the influence of the gut microbiota on this process remains unclear. Here, we used heart failure model mice and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) mice to evaluate the effect of the gut microbiota on the regulation of blood glucose during heart failure.

Methods

Thoracic aortic constriction (TAC) surgery was performed in a heart failure model, while an antibiotic cocktail was used to eliminate the microbiota to establish a germ-free (GF) model. Blood glucose, insulin, and glucagon levels were measured, and an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) was performed. 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomics were used to evaluate the changes in gut microbiota structure and metabolism induced by TAC. Another group of FMT mice was established to observe the effect of the gut microbiota on host metabolism.

Results

After microbiota clearance, the glucagon concentration, the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and the area under the curve (AUC) of the IPGTT were decreased significantly in the TAC germ-free (TAC-GF) group in the third month as compared to the other groups. 16S rRNA sequencing indicated that TAC surgery affected the gut microbiota structure, and fecal metabolomics suggested that noradrenaline and adrenaline levels were higher in the TAC group than in the sham group. The FMT mice transplanted with the feces of the TAC (FMT-TAC) mice displayed a higher AUC of IPGTT, accompanied by a higher glucagon level, insulin level, and HOMA-IR than those of the mice in the other groups. The serum metabolomics of the FMT-TAC group showed that noradrenaline levels were significantly higher than those of the FMT-sham group.

Conclusion

The gut microbiota and its metabolism were altered during heart failure, which increased blood glucose and glucagon in the host.
Mortality and Clinical Predictors After Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair for Secondary Mitral Regurgitation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression Analysis
Authors: Shi Wence , Zhang Wenchang , Zhang Da , Ye Guojie , Ding Chunhua
Published: July 2022

Background

Percutaneous mitral valve repair (PMVR) provides an available choice for patients suffering from secondary mitral regurgitation (SMR), especially those whose symptoms persist after optimal, conventional, heart-failure therapy. However, conflicting results from clinical trials have created a problem in identifying patients who will benefit the most from PMVR.

Objective

To pool mortality data and assess clinical predictors after PMVR among patients with SMR. To this end, subgroup and meta-regression analyses were additionally performed.

Methods

We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases, and 13 studies were finally included for meta-analysis. Estimated mortality and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained using a random-effects proportional meta-analysis. We also carried out a meta-regression analysis to clarify the potential influence of important covariates on mortality.

Results

A total of 1,259 patients with SMR who had undergone PMVR were enrolled in our meta-analysis. The long-term estimated pooled mortality of PMVR was 19.3% (95% CI: 13.6–25.1). Meta-regression analysis showed that mortality was directly proportional to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) (β = 0.009; 95% CI: 0.002–0.016; p = 0.009), an effective regurgitant orifice (ERO) (β = 0.009; 95% CI: 0.000–0.018; p = 0.047), and a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) use (β = −0.015; 95% CI: −0.023–−0.006; p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis indicated that patients with preexisting AF (β = −0.002; 95% CI: −0.005– −0.000; p = 0.018) were associated with decreased mortality if they received a mitral annuloplasty device. Among the edge-to-edge repair device group, a higher left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, or lower LV end-systolic diameter, LV end-systolic volume, and LV end-diastolic volume were proportional to lower mortality.

Conclusion and Relevance

The pooled mortality of PMVR was 19.3% (95% CI: 13.6–25.1). Further meta-regression indicated that AF was associated with a better outcome in conjunction with the use of a mitral annuloplasty device, while better LV functioning predicted a better outcome after the implantation of an edge-to-edge repair device.
Medical Devices Made of Substances: A New Challenge
Authors: Leone Maria Grazia
Published: July 2022

Regulation (EU) 2017/745 provides for new provisions for medical devices made of substances as well as specific classification rules and requirements. The demarcation line between medical devices composed of substances and medicinal products is not always easy to define. The recent publication by the European Commission of the guidance on borderline between medical devices and medicinal products under the Regulation (EU) 2017/745 on medical devices, MDCG 2022-5, addresses some important issues in this topic. This article will discuss some controversial aspects in this field in order to clarify the product qualification process.
LEQNet: Light Earthquake Deep Neural Network for Earthquake Detection and Phase Picking
Authors: Lim Jongseong , Jung Sunghun , JeGal Chan , Jung Gwanghoon , Yoo Jung Ho , Gahm Jin Kyu , Song Giltae
Published: July 2022

Developing seismic signal detection and phase picking is an essential step for an on-site early earthquake warning system. A few deep learning approaches have been developed to improve the accuracy of seismic signal detection and phase picking. To run the existing deep learning models, high-throughput computing resources are required. In addition, the deep learning architecture must be optimized for mounting the model in small devices using low-cost sensors for earthquake detection. In this study, we designed a lightweight deep neural network model that operates on a very small device. We reduced the size of the deep learning model using the deeper bottleneck, recursive structure, and depthwise separable convolution. We evaluated our lightweight deep learning model using the Stanford Earthquake Dataset and compared it with EQTransformer. While our model size is reduced by 87.68% compared to EQTransformer, the performance of our model is comparable to that of EQTransformer.
Electrical Conductivity of Eclogitic Omphacite and Garnet at Water-Rich Conditions
Authors: Liu Hanyong , Yang Xiaozhi
Published: July 2022

Electrical conductivity of water-rich omphacite and garnet in eclogite was measured at 1 GPa and 200–800°C in a piston cylinder press and by a Solartron-1260 impedance/gain-phase analyzer at 106-1 Hz frequency. The water content of pre-annealed omphacite and garnet was 775–2,000 and 705–1,460 ppm H2O, respectively. Sample chemistry and water contents remained unchanged during conductivity runs. At otherwise identical conditions, the conductivity of both minerals increases with both temperature and water content, and the water content exponent is ∼1.45 and 1.12 for omphacite and garnet, respectively. The activation enthalpy is ∼70 kJ/mol for omphacite and 84 kJ/mol for garnet and is broadly independent of sample water content. Combining with previous work, the conductivity dependence of omphacite on water content differs between water-rich and water-poor conditions, due to different types and mobility of water in samples that are closely related to its incorporation mechanism; in contrast, the conductivity dependence of garnet with a similar type of water is comparable over a wide range of water contents. The estimated bulk conductivity of eclogite at water-rich conditions is very high, up to ∼0.01–0.1 S/m at 600–900°C. Geophysically resolved high resistivity of subducting crusts at 70–120 km depth suggests extremely low water contents of omphacite and garnet in the eclogitized slab. The data provide support to the model based on omphacite and garnet conductivity at water-poor conditions that the amount of water recycled by crust subduction to the deep mantle is probably limited.
Exploring Prosocial Performance and Gender Differences in Pre-school Children Through Music Activities
Authors: Lee Liza , Bhargavi Vasishta , Lin Hsiao-Fang , Pavitola Linda
Published: July 2022

Although gender difference in prosociality has been researched so far, only a very few studies examined the effect of musical methods on positive prosocial behavior. In this preliminary examination, we focused on finding the relation between music activities and prosocial behavior with respect to gender in pre-school children in line with Social Cognitive Learning Theory (SCLT). We observed sixteen pre-school children of 4–6 years, and two kids per student-teacher observer for sixteen sessions, each at a span of 45 min one session per week, and data were collected through situational tests and observational methods. Results show that music methods are positively related to mood stability, reciprocity, and interaction with peers. The findings are discussed in terms of spontaneous reciprocity and gender-specific responses to social behavior.
Effectiveness of Musical Training on Reading Comprehension in Elementary School Children. Is There an Associative Cognitive Benefit?
Authors: Sofologi Maria , Papatzikis Efthymios , Kougioumtzis Georgios , Kosmidou Elina , Klitsioti Asimenia , Droutme Andreani , Sourbi Aggeliki-Anna , Chrisostomou Dimitra , Efstratopoulou Maria
Published: July 2022

The current study investigated the impact of instrumental music training on reading comprehension, working memory, and executive function in elementary school children in Greece. A series of studies suggested the possibility of a cognitive advantage from instrumental music training. For the purpose of the present study 80, elementary school children were evaluated. The experimental group consisted of 40 students in 5th grade with at least 5 years of music training and the control group consisted of 40 children who did not have any music training. The two groups were examined in working memory measurements of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for children (WISC-III; Digit and Forward Digit Recall), in Stoop Test, which is an executive function evaluation and reading comprehension test. The reading ability of both group participants was evaluated with the standardized test in the Greek population Test-A. Children with instrumental music training registered higher performances in reading comprehension tests and all cognitive measurements reflecting a possible cognitive advantage compared to participants without music training. The present results attempt to shed light on the possible link between instrumental music training on cognitive abilities and reading comprehension.
Neurovascular Coupling in Type 2 Diabetes With Cognitive Decline. A Narrative Review of Neuroimaging Findings and Their Pathophysiological Implications
Authors: Barloese Mads C. J. , Bauer Christian , Petersen Esben Thade , Hansen Christian Stevns , Madsbad Sten , Siebner Hartwig Roman
Published: July 2022

Type 2 diabetes causes substantial long-term damage in several organs including the brain. Cognitive decline is receiving increased attention as diabetes has been established as an independent risk factor along with the identification of several other pathophysiological mechanisms. Early detection of detrimental changes in cerebral blood flow regulation may represent a useful clinical marker for development of cognitive decline for at-risk persons. Technically, reliable evaluation of neurovascular coupling is possible with several caveats but needs further development before it is clinically convenient. Different modalities including ultrasound, positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance are used preclinically to shed light on the many influences on vascular supply to the brain. In this narrative review, we focus on the complex link between type 2 diabetes, cognition, and neurovascular coupling and discuss how the disease-related pathology changes neurovascular coupling in the brain from the organ to the cellular level. Different modalities and their respective pitfalls are covered, and future directions suggested.
Association Between Thyroid Dysfunction and Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Meng Xiangbin , Wang Xu-Liang , Zhang Zhi-yuan , Zhang Kuo , Gao Jun , Zheng Ji-lin , Wang Jing-Jia , Liu Yu-peng , Yang Jie , Li Chen , Zheng Yi-Tian , Shao Chunli , Wang Wen-Yao , Tang Yi-Da
Published: July 2022

Objective

To explore the correlation between the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and thyroid dysfunction in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM).

Methods

Thyroid function testing in 755 consecutive patients with HOCM were examined at the National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases (China) from October 2009 to December 2013. Patients were divided into four groups according to the TSH levels: TSH<0.55 mIU/L(n=37)、0.55~2.49 mIU/L (n=490)、2.50~9.9 mIU/L (n=211) and >10.00mIU/L(n=17).

Results

A total of 107 patients were diagnosed with AF (14%).(1) Compared to HOCM patients without AF,HOCM patients with AF have older age (P<0.001), higher NT-proBNP (P=0.002), higher Cr (P=0.005), larger left atrial diameter(P=0.001), lower FT3 (P=0.046), higher FT4 (P=0.004).(2) In the four groups according to the TSH levels: TSH<0.55 mIU/L, 0.55~2.49mIU/L, 2.50~9.9mIU/L and ≥10.00mIU/L, the incidence of AF was 27.02%(10/37),10.20%(50/490), 19.43%(41/211), and 35.29%(6/17), respectively. Both high and low TSH levels were associated with an increased incidence of AF. After adjusting for the common risk factor (age, NT-proBNP, and so on), stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that TSH levels were significantly related to AF incidence.Compared to patients with TSH 0.55~2.49 mlU/L, the adjusted odds ratio of AF for TSH<0.55, 2.50~9.99, ≥10.00 mIU/L were 1.481 (95% CI 0.485~4.518,P=0.490), 1.977 (95%CI 1.115~3.506, p=0.02), 4.301 (95%CI 1.059~17.476, P=0.041), respectively.

Conclusion

Our results suggested that thyroid dysfunction was associated with an increased risk of AF in patients with HOCM.
Exploring the Effect of In Situ Urbanization on Youth Entrepreneurship in Suburban Areas with Low-Medium Development in China--A Way Forward to Sustainable Entrepreneurship Mechanism
Authors: Huang Qingling , Rehman Alam , Zeeshan Muhammad , Ullah Irfan
Published: July 2022

China’s traditional suburban urbanization pattern of “passively being centralized upstairs” is not ideal, so China has been implementing human-centered new urbanization and urban–rural integration development strategy. Promoting employment through entrepreneurship is an effective way to solve the problem of long-term livelihood of land-lost farmers in China. There are few studies on entrepreneurship of land-lost farmers with the background ofin situurbanization in the suburbs. Based on the field survey data of two suburban villages representing the low–medium level of development in China, this study takes entrepreneurship of suburban youth as the research object and uses Logistic and Mlogit models to investigate the influences of psychological states of suburban youth on their entrepreneurship and the different entrepreneurial status duringin situurbanization pattern from three aspects. The results show that underin situurbanization pattern, the psychological states of suburban youth have significant and steady influences on their entrepreneurial behaviors. Moreover, the satisfaction degree of land expropriation compensation has a partial mediation effect on suburban youth’s judgment of future life. There are different effects of the three psychological states on the two entrepreneurial states. Therefore, urban governments at all levels in China should choose the suburban urbanization pattern according to local conditions and time changes and realize sustainable entrepreneurship of suburban land-lost farmers during their becoming citizens with keeping nostalgia.
Riverine Barriers as Obstacles to Dispersal in Amazonian Birds
Authors: Naka Luciano N. , Costa Bruna M. da Silva , Lima Gisiane Rodrigues , Claramunt Santiago
Published: July 2022

Amazonian rivers represent known barriers for avian dispersal, reducing gene flow and enhancing differentiation. Despite the importance of rivers in the avian evolutionary process, we have made only minor advances in understanding the limitations imposed by rivers on flying birds. To fill that gap, we conducted dispersal-challenge experiments over water, assessing the flying capabilities of 84 tropical bird species of 22 different avian families. We mist-netted and released 484 birds from a stationary boat on the Rio Branco, northern Amazonia, at increasing distances from the shore, including 249 individuals at 100; 219 at 200; 8 at 300; and 5 at 400 m. A successful trial was represented by a bird reaching the riverbank, whereas a failure would refer to birds not reaching the shore and landing on the water, when they were rescued by our team. Our main goal was to understand if the outcome in the experiments could be predicted by (i) phylogenetic constraints, (ii) morphology (body mass and wing shape), (iii) flight speed, (iv) ecological preferences (stratum, habitat, and river-island specialization), and (v) psychological reluctance to fly. Nearly two thirds of the individuals (332) were successful in reaching the riverbank, whereas 152 failed. We found significant differences among lineages. Whereas seven avian families succeeded in all of the trials, two families (antbirds and wrens) were particularly bad dispersers (<40% success). The hand-wing index (HWI) was the single most powerful predictor of trial success. Flying speed was also a significant predictor of success. Overall, ecological attributes had a low explanatory power. Only forest stratum preference had a significant, although weak, effect on dispersal ability: canopy- and ground-dwellers performed better than understory birds. However, we found no effect of habitat preference or river-island specialization on dispersal ability. Our speed estimates for 64 bird species are among the first produced for the tropics and suggest slower flying speeds than those reported from temperate migratory birds. Although birds showed behavioral differences when presented with the opportunity to fly away from the boat, we found no evidence that their reluctance to fly could predict the outcome in the experiments. This represents the first experimental study evaluating the riverine effect through dispersal ability of Amazonian birds, providing important insights to better understand dispersal limitations provided by riverine barriers.