bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cost-minimizing distribution matching supporting net 800  Gbit/s PS-PAM transmission over 2  km using a 4-λ EML TOSA
Authors: Li Xueyang , Xing Zhenping , Alam Md Samiul , Jacques Maxime , Koh Ping-Chiek , Plant David V.
Published: July 2020

Probabilistic shaping (PS) allows tunable spectral efficiency that is suitable for realizing high throughput intra-data center transceivers. In this Letter, we integrate the cost-minimizing distribution matching (CMDM) in the probability amplitude shaping scheme to generate PS-PAM signals with ultra-short symbol block lengths for reduced serial processing delay. We detail the principle of CMDM and present two different methods of implementation. We demonstrate that CMDM enables the transmission of single wavelength net 200 Gbit/s PS-PAM-8 over 2 km of single-mode fiber (SMF). We show that similar performance is achievable using a constant composition distribution matcher, yet requiring 10 times longer symbol block lengths. We also report, to the best of our knowledge, the first demonstration of net 800 Gbit/s transmission over 2 km of SMF using a packaged

4
-
λ

electro-absorption modulated laser transmitter optical sub-assembly (TOSA).
Beyond dipole excitation: the performance of quadrupole-based Huygens’ metasurface
Authors: Liu Chang , Ye Han , Wang Yu , Sun Yuhang , Liu Yumin , Yu Zhongyuan , Yu Li
Published: July 2020

Due to the utilization of overlapped dipole resonances, traditional Huygens’ metasurfaces suffer from dipole interactions. In this Letter, we propose a design of phase-gradient Huygens’ metasurface based on the quadrupole resonances excited in the cross-shaped structures. The quadrupole resonances are theoretically shown insensitive to the quadrupole interactions. Benefiting from this intrinsic property, the proposed metasurface can well suppress element interaction influence and exhibits some impressive properties, including the ability to suppress high diffraction orders, tunable anomalous refractive angles, and high transmission efficiency. The numerical results show promising potential for quadrupole resonances to be applied in advanced Huygens’ metasurface designs.
Crystal structure, photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence of Ba1-xSrxAl2O4 doped with Eu2+
Authors: Volhard Max , Yu Liping , den Engelsen Daniel , Fern George R. , Ireland Terry G. , Silver Jack
Published: July 2020

Herein we describe the synthesis, crystal structures, photoluminescence (PL) and cathodoluminescence (CL) spectra of phosphors in the Sr0.97-xBaxEu0.03Al2O4 system between x = 0 and x = 0.97. The syntheses of these phosphors were carried out by solid state reactions at 1350°C in mixed gas (H2/N2). The molar fractions of the alkaline earth elements were varied in steps of 0.1. The Sr1-xBaxAl2O4 series manifested solid solutions of a monoclinic phase (at the Sr-rich side) and a hexagonal phase (at the Ba-rich side). At the Ba-rich side of Srx-1BaxAl2O4:Eu2+ we found evidence in the PL spectra that the hexagonal phase differed as the xBa fraction changed: it changed at room temperature from the ferroelectric P63 structure at xBa=1 to the paraelectric P6322 phase at xBa≈0.9 and at xBa≈0.8 it went back to P63. Unlike the PL spectra, the CL spectra of the hexagonal phase of Sr0.97-xBaxEu0.03Al2O4 at x ≥ 0.5 indicated only the paraelectric P6322 phase at room temperature.
Photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence of BaAl2O4:Eu2+ and undoped BaAl2O4: evidence for F-centres
Authors: den Engelsen Daniel , Fern George R. , Ireland Terry G. , Yang Fengli , Silver Jack
Published: July 2020

In this article the photoluminescence (PL) and cathodoluminescence (CL) of undoped BaAl2O4 and BaAl2O4 doped with 500 ppm and 3 mol% Eu2+ is described. The most important results from the CL measurements are: (1) Undoped BaAl2O4 manifested intrinsic CL at 460 nm, which increased at low temperature and did not change significantly upon exposure to the e-beam; (2) Doping BaAl2O4 with Eu2+ changed the character of the intrinsic luminescence band: it became more sensitive to temperature variations and the band experienced a blue shift to ∼425 nm; (3) electron beam (e-beam) exposure of Ba0.97Eu0.03Al2O4 at low temperature increased the 425 nm band strongly while the Eu2+ emission at ∼500 nm decreased by about 70%. The Eu2+ emission band was symmetric, indicating that BaAl2O4:Eu has changed to the P6322 phase upon e-beam exposure at low temperature; (4) We have identified the 460 nm band in undoped BaAl2O4 and the 425 nm band in BaAl2O4:Eu2+ with F-centre luminescence, corresponding to the F-centre emission in α-Al2O3. The evidence for the assignment of the 425 nm band in BaAl2O4:Eu2+ is the spectacular increase of the spectral radiance at 425 nm by e-beam exposure at 200 keV and low temperature. A preliminary model is presented that explains the results. The PL from BaAl2O4:Eu2+ quenched at the rather low temperature of 140°C; this observation is explained in terms of thermal ionization of the Eu2+ ion.
Ultraviolet laser damage properties of single-layer SiO2 film grown by atomic layer deposition
Authors: Geng Feng , Cheng Haipeng , Zhang Qinghua , Liu Mincai , Li And Yaguo
Published: July 2020

Optical properties and ultraviolet laser damage of single-layer atomic layer deposition (ALD) SiO2 films were investigated. ALD SiO2 films of high transparency shows weak absorption at 355nm. The absorption at 355 nm measured by laser calorimeter varies linearly with the film thickness with absorption coefficient of ∼0.76 ppm/nm. Such absorption is considered originating from various point defects in ALD SiO2 film. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra confirm the presence of point defects in ALD SiO2 films including non-bridging oxygen atoms and residual OH groups. Nanosecond laser-induced damage of ALD SiO2 film at 355 nm was investigated. The damage threshold and damage morphology suggest that laser-induced damage of ALD film is associated with point defect clusters which can absorb enough laser energy to initiate micro-explosion in ALD films. Furthermore, the ALD films were conditioned with sub-nanosecond ultraviolet laser. Significant improvement in damage resistance has been demonstrated after sub-nanosecond laser conditioning. After laser conditioning to 3 J/cm2, the damage threshold of 535 nm thick ALD film increased from 5.5 J/cm2 to 14.9 J/cm2 and improved about 170%. Annealing of point defects by sub-nanosecond ultraviolet laser is supposed to be the reason for the improvement of the damage resistance.
Noise amplification in all-normal dispersion fiber supercontinuum generation and its impact on ultrafast photonics applications
Authors: Sierro Benoît , Heidt Alexander M.
Published: July 2020

Highly coherent and low-noise supercontinuum (SC) sources based on nonlinear spectral broadening of femtosecond pulses in all-normal dispersion (ANDi) fibers are attractive for many applications in ultrafast photonics. By simulating a real nonlinear pulse compression experiment, we numerically investigate the impact of shot noise and technical pump laser fluctuations on the quality and stability of single-cycle pulse generation and other multi-shot experiments based on the manipulation of the SC spectral phase. We find that for pump pulse durations of less than 600 fs, input relative intensity noise < 1 %, and correctly chosen fiber lengths, the initial fluctuations of the pump laser are at most amplified by a factor of three. We also show that the usual strong correlation between SC coherence and quality of the compressed pulses collapses in the presence of technical noise, and that in this situation the coherence is not a useful figure of merit to quantify pulse quality, noise amplification, or decoherence due to incoherent nonlinear dynamics. Our results highlight the very limited impact of technical pump laser noise on ANDi SC generation and are of practical relevance for many ultrafast photonics applications that require high-quality, low-noise SC sources.
Flexible microbubble-based Fabry–Pérot cavity for sensitive ultrasound detection and wide-view photoacoustic imaging
Authors: Ma Jun , He Yang , Bai Xue , Sun Li-Peng , Chen Kai , Oh Kyunghwan , Guan Bai-Ou
Published: July 2020

Interaction of acoustic waves and microbubbles occurs in numerous biomedical applications including ultrasound imaging, drug delivery, lithotripsy treatment, and cell manipulation, wherein the acoustically driven microbubbles routinely act as active microscale oscillators or actuators. In contrast, microbubbles were utilized here as passive receivers to detect broadband ultrasound waves in aqueous environments. The microbubble was photothermally generated on a microstructured optical fiber (MOF) tip, forming a flexible Fabry–Pérot cavity whose gas–water interface was sensitive to ultrasound waves. The MOF severed as both a low-loss waveguide and a compact light condenser, allowing high-efficiency generation and stabilization of ultrasmall microbubbles. Integrated with all-fiber interferometry, a 10 μm diameter microbubble exhibited a low noise-equivalent pressure level of

∼
3.4
  
mPa
/

Hz

1
/
2

and a broad bandwidth of

∼
0.8
  
MHz

, capable of detecting weak ultrasounds emitted from red blood cells irradiated by pulsed laser light. With advantages of high sensitivity, compact size, and low cost, the microbubble-based ultrasound sensor has great potential in biomedical imaging and sensing applications.
Strong optical force of a molecule enabled by the plasmonic nanogap hot spot in a tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy system
Authors: Long Li , Chen Jianfeng , Yu Huakang , Li Zhi-Yuan
Published: July 2020

Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) offers a powerful means to enhance the Raman scattering signal of a molecule as the localized surface plasmonic resonance will induce a significant local electric field enhancement in the nanoscale hot spot located within the nanogap of the TERS system. In this work, we theoretically show that this nanoscale hot spot can also serve as powerful optical tweezers to tightly trap a molecule. We calculate and analyze the local electric field and field gradient distribution of this nanogap plasmon hot spot. Due to the highly localized electric field, a three-dimensional optical trap can form at the hot spot. Moreover, the optical energy density and optical force acting on a molecule can be greatly enhanced to a level far exceeding the conventional single laser beam optical tweezers. Calculations show that for a single

H

2

TBPP

organic molecule, which is modeled as a spherical molecule with a radius of

r
m

=
1
  
nm

, a dielectric coefficient

ε
=
3

, and a polarizability

α
=
4.5
×

10

−
38

  
C
·

m

2

/
V

, the stiffness of the hot-spot trap can reach a high value of about

2
  
pN
/
[
(
W
/

cm

2

)
·
m
]

and

40
  
pN
/
[
(
W
/

cm

2

)
·
m
]

in the direction perpendicular and parallel to the TERS tip axis, which is far larger than the stiffness of single-beam tweezers,

∼
0.4
  
pN
/
[
(
W
/

cm

2

)
·
m
]

. This hard-stiffness will enable the molecules to be stably captured in the plasmon hot spot. Our results indicate that TERS can become a promising tool of optical tweezers for trapping a microscopic object like molecules while implementing Raman spectroscopic imaging and analysis at the same time.
Synthesis, in vitro and in silico Studies of Naphthalene Pyrazoline Prop-2-en-1-one Derivatives
Authors: Prabha B. , Raja C. , Nathiya S. , Ezhilarasi M.R.
Published: July 2020

The synthesized new naphthalene pyrazoline prop-2-en-1-one derivatives (NDPP 1-8) were obtained by the Michael addition reaction of
ethyl propanoate, hydrazine hydrate with NPD as a multicomponent scaffold. (E)-1-(naphthalen-3-yl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one (NPD)
was formed from 2-acetyl naphthalene and substituted aldehyde via Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction. The NDPP skeleton structures
were confirmed by infrared, 1H & 13C NMR spectral data and elemental analysis. The structure of NDPP compounds was subjected to
molecular docking and ADME studies. The result of ADME prediction, compound NDPP 2, which contains electron withdrawing -Cl
group has high drug-likeness value 4.21 than the compounds NDPP 4 and 7 which had electron donating CH3 and OCH3 group shows the
drug-likeness value 2.62. The NDPP 2 also has high drug score 0.63 than NDPP 4 and NDPP 7 have drug score 0.60 and 0.69, respectively.
Docking studies shows that compound NDPP 5 which also contain electron withdrawing NO2 group has good binding affinity value -8.8
Kcal/mol were docked with 1UAG protein. These compounds showed good drug-likeness value 2.25 and drug score 0.65. in vitro Studies
have a high inhibition value for the same NO2 substituted derivative. All the compounds have higher binding affinity value than standards
binding affinity value.
Identification, Synthesis, Characterization and Quality Control Strategy of New Process-Related Impurities in Fosphenytoin Sodium
Authors: Singaram Sathiyanarayanan , Subramanian Venkatesan Chidambaram , Kabilan Senthamaraikannan , Suresh Raju Dandu Bhaskara
Published: July 2020

Fosphenytoin sodium is a water dissolvable phenytoin prodrug that is directed intravenously to convey
phenytoin, conceivably more securely than intravenous phenytoin. It is most ordinarily utilized in the
intense treatment of convulsive status epileptics. The examination of the procedure-related contaminants
will not help exclusively to advance the process parameters yet additionally to create sensible analytical
methods and set the quality standard for a quality control system in pharmaceutical manufacturing.
During the production of fosphenytoin sodium, all the process-related impurities are controlled in
every stage and three degradation impurities are managed in the final API as per USP monograph.
Besides, five unknown and one known contaminants were detected by HPLC method. All these
impurities were identified, synthesized, isolated and characterized by IR, 1D-NMR (1H, 13C, DEPT)
and HRMS spectral techniques. The mechanism of the formed impurities is examined for the first
time. Quality control procedures to manage these impurities were developed to acquire the mass
medication of ICH grade quality.
Synthesis of Novel Triazolothione, Thiadiazole, Triazole and Oxadiazole Functionalized Tri-fluoromethylnaphthyridine Derivatives and their Anticancer Activity & Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Betala Sailu , Racha Hanumandlu , Abba Chiranjeevi
Published: July 2020

Novel triazolothione, thiadiazole, triazole and oxadiazole-tagged trifluoromethyl group containing
naphthyridine derivatives (6a-l and 7a-d) were synthesized from 2-amino-6-(thiophen-2-yl)-4-
(trifluoromethyl)nicotinonitrile (1) on treatment with acetophenone and obtained 2-phenyl-7-(thiophen-
2-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,8-naphthyridin-4-amine (2), compound 2 on reaction with bromoethylacetate
and after that reaction with hydrazine hydrate and obtained carbohydrazide derivatives (4), compound
4 on reaction with different substituted phenyl isothiocyanates to obtain phenyl hydrazine carbothiamide
derivatives (5). Compound 5 is independently reaction with NaOH, H2SO4 and N2H4·H2O to obtain
triazolothione, thiadiazole, triazole-substituted naphthyridine derivatives (6a-l), respectively. The
carbohydrazide compounds 4 on reaction with diverse substituted aromatic acids and obtained
oxadiazole derivatives (7a-d). All the synthesized compounds (6a-l and 7a-d) were tested for anticancer
activity against four cancer cell lines such as “HeLa-cervical cancer (CCL-2) COLO 205-colon cancer
(CCL-222) HepG2-liver cancer (HB-8065) MCF7-breast cancer (HTB-22) and one normal cell line
(HEK 293)”. Compounds 6b, 6d and 6l are known to have good anticancer activity at micro molar
concentration and found to be non-toxic on normal cell line. And all the products 6a-o and 7a-d were
tested against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and fungal strains. All the compounds, compounds
6e-h showed more activity against Bacillus subtilis (MTCC-121) at < 6.8 micromolar concentration.
Compounds (which showed more activity) further screened for minimum bactericidal concentration
against B. subtilis MTCC 121 using ciprofloxacin as standard and known to show optimistic activity.
These compounds further tested for biofilm inhibition activity against B. subtilis MTCC 121 using
erythromycin as standard which confirmed the high activity.
Schiff Base Anchored with Silver Nanoparticles as Effective Adsorbent for
Removal of Cadmium(II) Heavy Metal from Industrial Wastewater
Authors: Sharma Preeti , Uma Vedula
Published: July 2020

The current study deals with the examination of the capacity of Schiff base anchored with silver
nanoparticles for removal of cadmium(II) ions from industrial wastewater. Schiff base was synthesized
using refluxing of salicylaldehyde and 4-aminoantipyrine in alcoholic medium. The characterization
of Schiff base were studied by elemental analysis, FTIR, NMR, UV-visible and mass spectral studies.
The silver nanoparticles were synthesized using the chemical reduction method and characterized.
Then, silver nanoparticles anchored to the Schiff base by suitable method and again characterized.
Peanut shells were used as solid phase for removal of Cd(II) ions. The effects of several parameters to
optimize the adsorption of Cd(II) ions on solid phase, including pH, contact time, initial metal ion
concentration and adsorbent weight were investigated. The maximum removal efficiency of Cd(II)
ions on solid phase using Ag nano@Schiff base was achieved under experimental conditions of pH 6
(% removal = 81%), contact time of 15 min (% removal = 93%), initial metal ion concentration of 0.5
ppm (% removal = 95%) and adsorbent weight of 3 mg (% removal = 89%). The results showed that
extraction of Cd2+ on AgNPs@Schiff base follows Freundlich adsorption isotherm.
Annonaine an Alkaloid from the Leaves of Custard Apple (Annona squamosa):
A Comprehensive Review on its Phytochemicals and Pharmacological Activities
Authors: Dash S. , Kar B. , Sahoo N. , Pattnaik G.
Published: July 2020

Annona squamosa is most widely distributed in tropical and subtropical region native to tropical America comes under the Annonaceae
family. It is a widely used tree having edible fruits called as custard apple which is eatable. Annona squamosa plant also contains 35-42
mg/100 g of vitamin C and significant value of nutrient like thiamine, amino acid, riboflavin, niacin, calcium, potassium and dietary
fibers. It also contains the phytoconstituents like diterpenes, alkaloids, cyclopeptides and annonaceous acetogenins proved by phytochemistry
investigations. The plant Annona squamosa show a number of pharmacological activities like insecticidal, anticancer, hypoglycemic,
antioxidant, antimalarial, analgesic and wound healing activity. The vermicidal effect of leaves is responsible for the treatment of tumors,
wounds and other skin infections. A number of alkaloids were isolated from the leaves of plant. Most of them belong to aporphine group
of alkaloids. Among all the phytoconstituents an alkaloid Annonaine, plays a vital role for its biological activity. The present review
represents the phytochemical constituents, biological action, traditional as well as medicinal uses of Annona squamosa. Sugar apple
might be the better explored plant part used in treatment of many disorders and the present critical study will hopefully provide a disease
free and healthy life to the human society.
Kinetics of Dissociation of bis(2,4,6-Tripyridyl-s-triazine)iron(II) and
tris(2,2′-Bipyridyl)iron(II) in the presence of Triton X-100/Tween 80 Mixed Micellar Medium
Authors: Srikanth Vemuri R.S.S. , Shyamala P. , Khan Sk. Ameer
Published: July 2020

Surface tension studies were carried on the binary surfactant mixtures over a wide range of Triton
X-100 mole fractions and total surfactant concentrations to obtain critical micellar concentration values.
These values were used to determine the composition of the mixed micelles and the average interaction
parameter (β) which contains all the interactions of the mixed surfactants. The method is based on
Rubingh′s theory using a Gauss-Newton iteration technique written in FORTRAN. The value of β
was found to be -0.69 indicating synergistic behaviour i.e., combined positive catalytic effect of both
the surfactants on rates of reactions. Hence, the kinetics of dissociation of bis(2,4,6-tripyridyl-striazine)
iron(II) ([Fe(tptz)2]2+) and tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)iron(II) ([Fe(bipy)3]2+) were studied in the presence
of Triton X-100/Tween 80 mixed micellar medium. The reactions have been carried out in the presence
of mixed micelles of Triton X-100/Tween 80 at various mole fractions of Triton X-100 (αTX-100 =
[Triton X-100]/([Triton X-100] + [Tween 80])) and at different total surfactant concentrations of Triton
X-100 and Tween 80 (Ct = [Triton X-100] + [Tween 80]). The results show that as αTX-100 increases the
rate increases for all values of Ct. Kinetic analysis has been carried out by using a simple pseudo phase
model and binding constants were determined. These binding constants were found to be in agreement
with the binding constants obtained spectrophotometrically.
1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Bromide as a Solvent and Precatalyst for Stetter Reaction
Authors: Phungpis Baramee , Hahnvajanawong Viwat
Published: July 2020

Stetter reaction between aromatic aldehydes and acrylonitrile/ethyl acrylate performing in [Bmim]Br
in the presence of NaOH is described. N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) generates in situ is shown to be
an efficient catalyst. Benzoin condensation also occured as side reaction.
Lanthanum Doped Strontium Titanate Nanomaterial for Photocatalytic and Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Deshmukh V.V. , Nagaswarupa H.P. , Ravikumar C.R. , Anil Kumar M.R. , Shashi Shekhar T.R. , Ananda Murthy H.C.
Published: July 2020

We report the synthesis of lanthanum doped strontium titanate (Sr1-xLaxTiO3,x=0.1) by sol-gel method.
The physical properties of the as-synthesized sample were systematically studied through X-ray powder
diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX). Diffraction peaks in XRD supported the cubic
formation of perovskite-type crystal structure. The image analysis of nanomaterial by SEM and TEM
techniques disclosed aggregates of nanoparticles with grain size about 20 nm. The study by UV-DRS
exposed the band energy gaps (Eg) of 3.4 eV for strontium titanate nanoparticles, respectively. The
degradation studies for three days were carried out for three dyes. Malachite green and rhodamine
blue, strontium titanate nanoparticles showed utmost photocatalytic activity for rhodamine blue under
UV light irradiation (from 0 to 80 min) as compared to malachite green. Properties of electrochemistry
were looked into by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge in 1M KCl electrolyte.
The Sr0.9La0.1TiO3 electrode displayed maximal specific capacitance of 306.74 F g-1 at current 1mA
from galvanostatic charge-discharge curve. The rare earth doped perovskite Sr0.9La0.1TiO3 nanomaterial
exhibited increased surface area with superior supercapacitance property.
Synthesis, Characterization and Ammonia Sensing Studies on Novel Polypyrrole/Zinc Oxide/SWCNT Nanocomposite
Authors: Husain Ahmad , Shariq Mohd Urooj , Ahmad Sharique , Ahmad Anees , Mohammad Faiz
Published: July 2020

Herein, the synthesis and characterization of a novel polypyrrole (PPy)/zinc oxide (ZnO)/SWCNT
nanocomposite together with pristine polypyrrole is reported. These as-prepared materials have been
characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM),
transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques. The PPy/
ZnO/SWCNT nanocomposite is used as a pellet-shaped ammonia sensor. The sensing response is
calculated in terms of variation in the DC electrical conductivity at different concentration of ammonia
ranging from 50 ppm to 2000 ppm. The sensing response of the sensor is determined at 2000, 1000,
500, 400, 300, 200, 100 and 50 ppm and found to be 76.3, 60.5, 54.8, 52.6, 50.2, 48.5, 40.5 and 36.6%,
respectively The sensor displays excellent reversibility along with very high selectivity and stability.
Finally, a sensing mechanism is also proposed involving polarons (charge carriers) of polypyrrole and
lone pairs of electrons of ammonia molecules.
Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles
using Aqueous Terminalia catappa Leaf Extracts as Novel Reducing Agent
Authors: Porrawatkul Paweena , Pimsen Rungnapa , Chanthai Saksit , Nuengmatcha Prawit
Published: July 2020

In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were successfully synthesized from aqueous Terminalia
catappa leaf extract that acts as a novel reducing agent. Various parameters, including pH, temperature
and reaction time, were determined. The UV-visible spectra showed the main peak at 416 nm, which
was the characteristic surface plasmon resonance of AgNPs. The spherical shape and particle size of
49 ± 0.01 nm were observed from SEM, TEM and laser particle size analysis (LPSA). FTIR spectra of
the leaf extract exhibited the characteristic functional groups that should be responsible for Ag+ ion
reduction. The EDX spectrum proved that the obtained sample is silver. The antioxidant activity of
AgNPs treated with the leaf extract as determined by the DPPH assay was higher compared to that of
Terminalia catappa leaf extract, and the treated AgNP sample exhibited high antibacterial potential
against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Extraction and GC-MS Analysis of the Essential Oil from the Peel of Solanum incanum and its Antibacterial Activity Studies
Authors: Yetayih Mequanint Molla , Ravichandran Yesudass Dominic
Published: July 2020

Phytochemicals were extracted from the peel of Solanum incanum (S. incanum) with methanol (70% v/v). The phytochemical screening of the methanolic extract showed the presence of glycosides, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins and phenolic compounds. The successive partitioning of the methanolic extract was carried out with three solvents hexane, diethyl ether and ethyl acetate. The diethyl ether fraction yielded two immiscible fractions. The oil was separated as essential oil fraction and analyzed by GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry). The GC-MS analysis of the essential oil indicated 17 compounds including 2,3-butanediol (76.76%), diethyl phthalate (8.32%), benzyl benzoate (3.02%), 2,6-dimethyl-6-nitro-2-hepten-4-one (2.56%) and 1,2-dimethoxy- 4-(1-propenyl)benzene (1.88%). Among them, the mass spectral patterns of three compounds were analyzed, discussed and confirmed with NIST database. The antibacterial study of essential oil was conducted using four pathogens (E. coli, K. pneumonia, S. aureus and S. pyogenes) at four different concentrations (250, 500, 750 and 1000 μg/mL). The result indicates that the essential oil extracted from the peel of Solanum incanum exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity against E. coli and K. pneumonia in 1000 μg/mL, respectively compared with the positive control gentamicin (10 μg/mL). The result of this study revealed the presence of various organic components and the antibacterial activity of this plant essential oil may be as a result of the major compounds.
Tannic Acid Catalyzed Green Synthesis of Functionalized Chromeno-Pyrimidine-2,5-dione/thione Derivatives
Authors: Puvithra J. , Parthiban D.
Published: July 2020

Diversely functionalized chromeno-pyrimidine-2,5-dione/thione compounds were synthesized by
cyclocondensation of 4-hydroxy coumarin, aldehydes and urea/thiourea using tannic acid as a green
catalyst and 1:1 (EtOH:H2O) as a green solvent. Different acids were screened for their catalytic
activity of chromeno-pyrimidine-2,5-dione/thione derivatives. Tannic acid (10 mol%) was used as a
suitable catalyst with increased catalytic activity. By utilizing this protocol, chromeno-pyrimidine
scaffolds were prepared in acceptable to excellent yield without the use of conventional volatile organic
solvent and toxic metal catalyst. To our best of knowledge, this is the first report, in which tannic acid
is utilized successfully as an eco-safe catalyst for synthesis of fused pyrimidines.
Telemental Health During a Global Pandemic: Clinical Lessons from Guided Self-Help, Telephone Therapy Case Studies
Authors: Pincus Liza E.
Published: July 2020

I am a fourth year clinical psychology doctoral student at the Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology (GSAPP) at Rutgers University. I have devoted much of my graduate training to exploring effective tools for the dissemination and implementation of mental health services, with telehealth chief among them. However, until the COVID-19 pandemic hit, I had had no personal experience delivering psychotherapy treatment via virtual platforms. Reviewing Dr. Logan Durland’s (2020) lessons from treating Parkinson’s disease patients via telephone therapy has served as an excellent guide for navigating treatment, both during the pandemic and in the future.
Seks-zabawa w gimnazjum. Znaczenie ulotnych relacji
Authors: Przybył Iwona
Published: July 2020

The author of the based on literature article attempts to characterise various factors that influence sexual activity named “sexual games” among youth. The aim of this paper concentrates on the presentation of the process of constructing identity in a culture of individualism. Characteristic of the postmodern era disintegration of categorical communities, uprooting from tradition and emancipation from social groups and communities results in the emergence of a new man and a new model of socialization. Dynamic socio-cultural changes taking place in Poland cause transformations of intrafamilial and peer relationships that involve a significant weakening of the original compounds in groups and result to identify youth with social networks and weak ties, even in such intimate sphere, which is sex. Secondly, the article tries to present the role and the consequences of this activity.
Działalność aficionados jako przykład budowania relacji społecznych wokół tradycji tauromachicznych
Authors: Ziółkowska-Kuflińska Magdalena
Published: July 2020

Tradition in modern societies is subject to changes and modifications. Picture of this situation is, in my present condition corrida de toros in Spain. For some, it is a spectacular fight of man and bull, wiping about art or even which is an art in itself, for others it is a barbaric act of killing a bull in front of the audience. The audience of this tradition is quite specific and defined them as aficionados– enthusiasts. True enthusiasts are able to catch the slightest bullfight tradition malpractice and do not hesitate to take immediate action. The ongoing around the corrida de toros discussion in the minds of aficionados makes it the right to practice the age-old tradition is threatened. Therefore, in the last decade, are born many associations of aficionados. Of all the countless organizations aficionados (as well as a foundation), you can even replace UFTAE – Unión de Federaciónes Taurinas de Aficionados de España, Asociación Taurina Parlamentaria (ATP), association of readers “Aplausos” or Asociación de Profesionales y Aficionados Taurinos de Utrera.
O gatunkach przestrzeni
Authors: Rapior Waldemar
Published: July 2020

This article present four species of space, species that express, through the material culture, different forms of gathering: the crowd, the lonely crowd, community, co-operation and the way that people experience closeness and togetherness. The four species of space are: the space of mass, of individualism, of tribe and, last but not least, the space of solidarity. We can think of the species of space as a metaphor which we can use to describe the material realm, but also as a tool for changing the world and creating social change. We live together. However, we are not only tied up with longterm relationships but with weak ties. The latter are based on the materiality. I suggest that space is not purely physical (size, shape, weight) but it is rather the script, the specie which, in the dynamic evolutionary process, adapts to the historical and social circumstances.
A Novel Local Temperature-Controlled Apparatus for Thermal Effect on Dynamic Properties of Soft Clay
Authors: Wang Haibo , Zhou Changtai , Ji Jingyu
Published: July 2020

To investigate the thermal effect on soft clay, a novel local temperature-controlled device is presented based on an advanced dynamic triaxial testing system. Then, a calibration study is carried out to verify the robustness and effectiveness of the designed temperature-controlled apparatus. Preliminary tests show that the developed apparatus can achieve temperature uniformity with a temperature control ranging from −16°C to 80°C with an accuracy of 0.1°C and temperature uniformity. In addition, the heating and cooling speeds are in the range of 0°C∼1.117°C/min and −0.533°C∼0°C/min, respectively. Finally, the temperature-controlled apparatus is employed to investigate the axial cumulative plastic strain and cumulative pore pressure of soft clay through cyclic triaxial tests from low temperatures to high temperatures. A negative relationship is found between the axial plastic strain and temperature. Similarly, the temperature shows a significant effect on the cumulative excess pore water pressure mainly when N > 3,000, and a negative relationship between Rus and the temperature is also found.
Laboratory Tests on Mitigation of Soil Liquefaction Using Microbial Induced Desaturation and Precipitation
Authors: Wang Liya , van Paassen Leon , Gao Yunqi , He Jia , Gao Yufeng , Kim Daehyun
Published: July 2020

Microbial induced desaturation and precipitation (MIDP) is an emerging bio-mediated ground improvement method in which nitrate-reducing bacteria in the soil are stimulated to produce biogas and biominerals. In this study, the potential of MIDP for mitigating soil liquefaction was evaluated using a modified triaxial setup. Modifications to the triaxial test setup allowed the change in the degree of saturation during treatment and the mechanical response to cyclic and monotonic loading to be measured. An experimental procedure was developed to simulate the in situ treatment process of a sand layer underneath an embankment along the Fraser River in Richmond, British Columbia, Canada, which was susceptible to liquefaction. Denitrifying microbes were enriched from locally collected soil. Reconstituted samples were treated with a single MIDP treatment cycle under similar stress conditions as encountered in the field. Triaxial consolidated undrained cyclic and monotonic tests were performed to investigate the mechanical response of the treated soil. Results showed that a single MIDP treatment cycle reduced the degree of saturation to 80 % and produced an average calcium carbonate content of 0.086 %, and significantly increased the cyclic shear resistance.
Drug-induced Interstitial Lung Disease in Breast Cancer Patients: A Lesson We Should Learn From Multi-Disciplinary Integration
Authors: Zhao Zijun , He Zhanghai , Huang Hongyan , Chen Jiewen , He Shishi , Yilihamu Ailifeire , Nie Yan
Published: July 2020

Taxanes represented by paclitaxel and targeted therapy including trastuzumab are two common agents for human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2)-positive breast cancer patients. Effectiveness, however, usually comes at the cost of many side effects, some of which are even fatal. Drug-induced interstitial lung diseases (DILDs) comprise a group of drug-induced pulmonary injuries usually caused by using these medications. For DILDs, systemic therapy can be harmful to lung tissues and rapidly threaten the lives of some breast cancer patients. Through the cases from our hospital and related studies in medical databases, we hope readers can learn a lesson from an angle of multi-disciplinary integration based on clinical practice and pharmacological mechanisms to make anti-cancer agents less harmful and reduce the incidence of DILD in breast cancer patients during systemic therapy.
Circadian Rhythms of Perineuronal Net Composition
Authors: Pantazopoulos Harry , Gisabella Barbara , Rexrode Lindsay , Benefield David , Yildiz Emrah , Seltzer Phoebe , Valeri Jake , Chelini Gabriele , Reich Anna , Ardelt Magdalena , Berretta Sabina
Published: July 2020

Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are extracellular matrix (ECM) structures that envelop neurons and regulate synaptic functions. Long thought to be stable structures, PNNs have been recently shown to respond dynamically during learning, potentially regulating the formation of new synapses. We postulated that PNNs vary during sleep, a period of active synaptic modification. Notably, PNN components are cleaved by matrix proteases such as the protease cathepsin-S. This protease is diurnally expressed in the mouse cortex, coinciding with dendritic spine density rhythms. Thus, cathepsin-S may contribute to PNN remodeling during sleep, mediating synaptic reorganization. These studies were designed to test the hypothesis that PNN numbers vary in a diurnal manner in the rodent and human brain, as well as in a circadian manner in the rodent brain, and that these rhythms are disrupted by sleep deprivation. In mice, we observed diurnal and circadian rhythms of PNNs labeled with the lectinWisteria floribundaagglutinin (WFA+ PNNs) in several brain regions involved in emotional memory processing. Sleep deprivation prevented the daytime decrease of WFA+ PNNs and enhances fear memory extinction. Diurnal rhythms of cathepsin-S expression in microglia were observed in the same brain regions, opposite to PNN rhythms. Finally, incubation of mouse sections with cathepsin-S eliminated PNN labeling. In humans, WFA+ PNNs showed a diurnal rhythm in the amygdala and thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN). Our results demonstrate that PNNs vary in a circadian manner and this is disrupted by sleep deprivation. We suggest that rhythmic modification of PNNs may contribute to memory consolidation during sleep.
What is New on Curriculum Policy and How it Affects Curriculum Studies?
Authors: Subkhan Edi
Published: July 2020

In many countries the development of curriculum always in relation to the politic and the intervention of the government. Furthermore, it brings complexities in practices when the teachers try to implement the national-official curriculum in schools’ context, because there are many tensions among the interest of the government, the teachers’ ability to perceive and develop the curriculum on a contextual way, the slow and conservative bureaucracy in the district level, and the empirical social phenomenon and changes in the field. For instance in Indonesia, the rise of the national curriculum of 2013 is not academic in nature, but more political and we could see how the government takes many issues from the international trend to enrich the content of the curriculum and it implementation (see i.e. Alhamuddin, 2019; Mitra & Purnawarman, 2019; Perdana, 2013).

The government role on developing the national curriculum is interesting, especially because it has a power and system to force the schooling system to accept and implement the official curriculum by enacting several policies. For me it is also interesting to questioning whether the government perceived the curriculum as a field of studies or only as a public policy? In Indonesian context this understanding is important, because could be the important cause of the stagnation of the development of Curriculum Studies in general (Subkhan, 2019). According to the this issue, the edited book by Priestly and Biesta (2013) is important, because it elucidates the recent development of curriculum policy and how it has been practiced and developed in many ways in many countries throughout the world. It is relevant to know the position and role of curriculum policy in the development of curriculum at national level and its affects to Curriculum Studies as well.
Fascismo hoy, ¿realidad concreta o treta opositora? El caso colombiano
Authors: Castro Riaño Luis Carlos
Published: July 2020

En nuestros días, en Latinoamérica, decir que toda tendencia política de carácter conservador o neoliberal es “fascista” se ha convertido en una práctica que desborda el sentido común y es denunciada en medios de información cuya posición ideológica es contraria a aquellas. En Colombia, por ejemplo, el “uribismo” es el objeto de este señalamiento. Con el fin de estableceruna certidumbre al respecto, en el siguiente ensayo se exponen los rasgos del fascismo a la luz de su epistemología y se comparan con algunas acciones sociopolíticas de las gestiones administrativas que inspiran ese apelativo en dicho país.
Impulsionando a lei moral: o lugar sistemático da antropologia no interior da filosofia prática
Authors: Rodrigues Simões Felipe
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo pretende apontar a problemática da antropologia e sua relação com a filosofia prática no pensamento de Immanuel Kant (1724-1804). O trabalho, desse modo, não apenas tenciona retomar os pontos centrais que estruturam a parte pura da ética kantiana (entendida como filosofia da liberdade), mas também busca chamar a atenção para sua parte impura, a saber: o “homem empírico” e a “consciência moral comum”. Logo, embora uma metafísica dos costumes não possa ser fundada empiricamente, a posição de Kant será a de que poderíamos, pelo menos, realizá-la nesse âmbito, desde que observadas e descritas, por meio “das diferentes doutrinas da razão prática pura”, as condições pelas quais a “ação humana do indivíduo, dos grupos e da própria espécie” encontram-se amparadas. As implicações disso, contudo, não serão propriamente tratadas em sua totalidade, mas introduzidas segundo a ordem de importância necessária à construção do que Kant denominou como sendo “um sistema da liberdade semelhante a um sistema da natureza”.
Notas sobre o subsolo contrarrevolucionário de Budapeste
Authors: Mattos Marcus Dutra
Published: July 2020

Fundada sobre a liberdade ontológica na obra O ser e o nada (1943), a psicanálise existencial tem o propósito de compreender o ser a partir de sua liberdade em situação. A obra “Questões de método” (1957), por sua vez, marca o período do pensamento satriano conhecido como “virada dialética”. Esta mudança se caracteriza fundamentalmente pela introdução de uma nova abordagem metodológica: o método progressivo-regressivo. Este método almeja conflitar dialeticamente as totalizações históricas buscando a inteligibilidade do macrocosmo sociocultural. Esta virada se dá em função da crise do pensamento marxista de sua época. Ao encravar o existencialismo no coração da filosofia marxista, e assim afirmar o marxismo enquanto filosofia insuperável de nosso tempo, Sartre aponta que o marxismo se tornou dogmático (crítica já presente na obra A transcendência do ego de 1934) ao não partir da realidade material e dissociar teoria e prática. O famoso caso do metrô de Budapeste, relembrado por Sartre, aponta nesta direção: “o metrô de Budapeste era real na cabeça de Rákosi; se o subsolo da cidade não permitia sua construção era porque o subsolo era contra-revolucionário”. Na 2ª tese sobre Feuerbach (1845) Marx já alerta: é na prática que o homem deve mostrar o caráter terreno de seu pensamento. Sartre repõe a questão entre subjetividade e objetividade, liberdade e História acendendo-nos um farol que nos ilumina ainda hoje. Nosso estudo tem a intenção de mostrar a atualidade da crítica sartriana ao materialismo dogmático, bem como a necessidade de partir do homem concreto e da materialidade, aqui e agora, para compreender, criticar e agir sobre a realidade histórica que nos circunda.
Formação pedagógica de docentes e pós-graduandos no âmbito da Pós-Graduação em Fisiologia no Brasil
Authors: Ribeiro Maria Flavia Marques , De Oliveira Gislaine Alves , Faria Elaine Turk
Published: July 2020

Embora a produção científica seja meta prioritária nas políticas públicas para a Pós-Graduação, a atividade profissional dos pós-graduandos envolverá sua atuação como docente. Os objetivos deste estudo foram investigar como ocorre a formação pedagógica dos docentes e pós-graduandos, e identificar a opinião da comunidade acadêmica dos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Fisiologia sobre a qualidade e importância dessa formação. Foram analisadas as respostas de 273 pós-graduandos, 89 docentes e 11 coordenadores a questionários eletrônicos. Os docentes consideram sua formação inicial boa, 67% participaram apenas uma vez ou não participaram de atividades de formação continuada e 95% dos docentes considera satisfatória sua atuação docente. As atividades de formação pedagógica dos pós-graduandos mais citadas foram estágios supervisionados, acompanhamento de professores em disciplinas e auxílio em aulas práticas. A avaliação positiva dos alunos sobre sua formação pedagógica cai de 78% no início do mestrado para 60% no final do doutorado. Conclui-se que a atividade docente e a formação pedagógica dos pós-graduandos parecem ser consideradas importantes, porém há pouca valorização da formação continuada dos docentes. É imprescindível que a comunidade acadêmica faça uma reflexão sobre as prioridades e objetivos da formação no âmbito da Pós-Graduação.
Trilhando caminhos na revisão de literatura sobre a ética na pesquisa em educação
Authors: Vieira Hamilton Perninck , Therrien Jacques , De Medeiros Wendel Alves
Published: July 2020

O estudo “Trilhando caminhos na revisão de literatura sobre a ética na pesquisa em educação” objetiva fazer uma revisão de literatura das dissertações de mestrado dos últimos três anos do repositório do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade Estadual do Ceará (PPGE/UECE) para verificar como se deu o tratamento da ética nessas pesquisas, com vistas a promover reflexões sobre a formação ética em pesquisa na pós-graduação stricto sensu. A pergunta de pesquisa é: como as dissertações de mestrado em educação vêm desenvolvendo a ética na pesquisa científica no âmbito da universidade? A metodologia adotada é a pesquisa bibliográfica e a análise documental. A análise de dados foi elaborada na perspectiva do paradigma da teoria crítica. Das dissertações do PPGE/UECE a pesquisa fomentou discussões para certo cuidado com a dignidade e respeito aos seres humanos (60%), com a liberdade de desistência a qualquer momento da pesquisa (30%) e com o uso do TCLE (37%), mas com lacunas na apresentação clara dos riscos (16%) e também no que diz respeito aos benefícios da pesquisa para o sujeito e para a área que está sendo investigada (6%).
A experimentação na perspectiva de professores de Química da rede pública estadual de Porto Alegre
Authors: Quevedo Lúcia Maria de Araujo , Zucolotto Andréia Modrzejewski
Published: July 2020

Esta pesquisa investigou como a trajetória dos professores de Química do ensino médio de escolas públicas estaduais de Porto Alegre favoreceu a apropriação e o desenvolvimento de atividades experimentais em sua prática docente. Apuraram-se suas concepções a respeito das contribuições da realização dessas atividades no ensino de Química. Definida como um estudo de caso, seu corpus de análise construiu-se pelas transcrições das entrevistas. Na interpretação dos dados, utilizou-se a análise textual discursiva (ATD) e emergiram tais categorias: “a apropriação das atividades experimentais em suas trajetórias docentes”, “concepções docentes acerca da realização de atividades experimentais” e “a motivação para realização de atividades experimentais diante do cenário atual de ensino”. As concepções para o desenvolvimento dessas atividades foram: aulas diferenciadas, receptividade e motivação dos alunos, instigação à curiosidade, auxílio na compreensão dos conceitos abstratos, respaldo da teoria e contribuição na aprendizagem e sua aplicabilidade no cotidiano. Os docentes se apropriaram dessas concepções durante sua formação escolar e por influência de colegas reiterando o uso dessas atividades a fim de manter compromisso com a docência, o aluno e com uma educação de qualidade.