bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Web-Based Privacy-Preserving Multicenter Medical Data Analysis Tools Via Threshold Homomorphic Encryption: Design and Development Study
Authors: Lu Yao , Zhou Tianshu , Tian Yu , Zhu Shiqiang , Li Jingsong
Published: December 2020

Background

Data sharing in multicenter medical research can improve the generalizability of research, accelerate progress, enhance collaborations among institutions, and lead to new discoveries from data pooled from multiple sources. Despite these benefits, many medical institutions are unwilling to share their data, as sharing may cause sensitive information to be leaked to researchers, other institutions, and unauthorized users. Great progress has been made in the development of secure machine learning frameworks based on homomorphic encryption in recent years; however, nearly all such frameworks use a single secret key and lack a description of how to securely evaluate the trained model, which makes them impractical for multicenter medical applications.

Objective

The aim of this study is to provide a privacy-preserving machine learning protocol for multiple data providers and researchers (eg, logistic regression). This protocol allows researchers to train models and then evaluate them on medical data from multiple sources while providing privacy protection for both the sensitive data and the learned model.

Methods

We adapted a novel threshold homomorphic encryption scheme to guarantee privacy requirements. We devised new relinearization key generation techniques for greater scalability and multiplicative depth and new model training strategies for simultaneously training multiple models through x-fold cross-validation.

Results

Using a client-server architecture, we evaluated the performance of our protocol. The experimental results demonstrated that, with 10-fold cross-validation, our privacy-preserving logistic regression model training and evaluation over 10 attributes in a data set of 49,152 samples took approximately 7 minutes and 20 minutes, respectively.

Conclusions

We present the first privacy-preserving multiparty logistic regression model training and evaluation protocol based on threshold homomorphic encryption. Our protocol is practical for real-world use and may promote multicenter medical research to some extent.
Perceived Electronic Health Record Usability as a Predictor of Task Load and Burnout Among US Physicians: Mediation Analysis
Authors: Melnick Edward R , Harry Elizabeth , Sinsky Christine A , Dyrbye Liselotte N , Wang Hanhan , Trockel Mickey Todd , West Colin P , Shanafelt Tait
Published: December 2020

Background

Electronic health record (EHR) usability and physician task load both contribute to physician professional burnout. The association between perceived EHR usability and workload has not previously been studied at a national level. Better understanding these interactions could give further information as to the drivers of extraneous task load.

Objective

This study aimed to determine the relationship between physician-perceived EHR usability and workload by specialty and evaluate for associations with professional burnout.

Methods

A secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey of US physicians from all specialties was conducted from October 2017 to March 2018. Among the 1250 physicians invited to respond to the subsurvey analyzed here, 848 (67.8%) completed it. EHR usability was assessed with the System Usability Scale (SUS; range: 0-100). Provider task load (PTL) was assessed using the mental demand, physical demand, temporal demand, and effort required subscales of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (range: 0-400). Burnout was measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory.

Results

The mean scores were 46.1 (SD 22.1) for SUS and 262.5 (SD 71.7) for PTL. On multivariable analysis adjusting for age, gender, relationship status, medical specialty, practice setting, hours worked per week, and number of nights on call per week, physician-rated EHR usability was associated with PTL, with each 1-point increase in SUS score (indicating more favorable) associated with a 0.57-point decrease in PTL score (P<.001). On mediation analysis, higher SUS score was associated with lower PTL score, which was associated with lower odds of burnout.

Conclusions

A strong association was observed between EHR usability and workload among US physicians, with more favorable usability associated with less workload. Both outcomes were associated with the odds of burnout, with task load acting as a mediator between EHR usability and burnout. Improving EHR usability while decreasing task load has the potential to allow practicing physicians more working memory for medical decision making and patient communication.
Monitoring the Spatial Spread of COVID-19 and Effectiveness of Control Measures Through Human Movement Data: Proposal for a Predictive Model Using Big Data Analytics
Authors: Li Zhenlong , Li Xiaoming , Porter Dwayne , Zhang Jiajia , Jiang Yuqin , Olatosi Bankole , Weissman Sharon
Published: December 2020

Background

Human movement is one of the forces that drive the spatial spread of infectious diseases. To date, reducing and tracking human movement during the COVID-19 pandemic has proven effective in limiting the spread of the virus. Existing methods for monitoring and modeling the spatial spread of infectious diseases rely on various data sources as proxies of human movement, such as airline travel data, mobile phone data, and banknote tracking. However, intrinsic limitations of these data sources prevent us from systematic monitoring and analyses of human movement on different spatial scales (from local to global).

Objective

Big data from social media such as geotagged tweets have been widely used in human mobility studies, yet more research is needed to validate the capabilities and limitations of using such data for studying human movement at different geographic scales (eg, from local to global) in the context of global infectious disease transmission. This study aims to develop a novel data-driven public health approach using big data from Twitter coupled with other human mobility data sources and artificial intelligence to monitor and analyze human movement at different spatial scales (from global to regional to local).

Methods

We will first develop a database with optimized spatiotemporal indexing to store and manage the multisource data sets collected in this project. This database will be connected to our in-house Hadoop computing cluster for efficient big data computing and analytics. We will then develop innovative data models, predictive models, and computing algorithms to effectively extract and analyze human movement patterns using geotagged big data from Twitter and other human mobility data sources, with the goal of enhancing situational awareness and risk prediction in public health emergency response and disease surveillance systems.

Results

This project was funded as of May 2020. We have started the data collection, processing, and analysis for the project.

Conclusions

Research findings can help government officials, public health managers, emergency responders, and researchers answer critical questions during the pandemic regarding the current and future infectious risk of a state, county, or community and the effectiveness of social/physical distancing practices in curtailing the spread of the virus.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/24432
Effects of Unfiltered Cigarettes on Smoking Behavior and Toxicant Exposure: Protocol for a Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Oren Eyal , Pulvers Kim , Romero Devan R , Barber Casey , Carter Erika , Tracy Laree A , Novotny Thomas E
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Plastic filters on cigarette butts are a widespread source of nonbiodegradable, toxic environmental waste. State and local legislation to ban the sale of single-use cigarettes may be considered to prevent this waste, but scientific evidence on the impact of switching smokers to unfiltered cigarettes on smoking behavior and toxicant exposures is needed to inform this policy. We have designed an open-label, randomized, 9-week, crossover clinical trial of adult filtered-cigarette smokers who switch to unfiltered cigarettes.

OBJECTIVE

Our objective is to understand the impact of switching smokers of filtered cigarettes to unfiltered cigarettes on smoking behavior and toxic exposures.

METHODS

This trial involves a 1-week baseline period; a 2-week period of smoking filtered or unfiltered cigarettes, where groups are randomly assigned; a 3-week washout period; another 1-week baseline period; and a 2-week crossover period of smoking the opposite condition (ie, filtered or unfiltered cigarettes) for a sufficient sample size of 40 participants. We will determine changes in (1) observed topography (ie, puff count, interpuff interval, and puff volume) and cigarettes smoked per day, via butt counts and self-report, (2) expired carbon monoxide and excretion of urinary cotinine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol, and volatile organic compounds, and (3) participants’ knowledge and attitudes toward unfiltered cigarettes, satisfaction with smoking, and intention to quit if they were not able to smoke filtered cigarettes.

RESULTS

This study was funded in June 2018 and approved by the relevant Institutional Review Boards in July 2018. This study has enrolled 37 participants as of October 2020. Data analysis is currently underway, and trial results are expected to be published in spring 2021.

CONCLUSIONS

This pilot proof-of-principle study will inform the design of a larger, future research project that can provide robust scientific evidence on our research question. Such a large study could inform possible state or local legislation to ban the sale of single-use filtered cigarettes in order to mitigate the environmental impact of discarded single-use plastic filters.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03749876; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03749876

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/19603
Smartphone Overuse and Visual Impairment in Children and Young Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Wang Jian , Li Mei , Zhu Daqiao , Cao Yang
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Smartphone overuse has been cited as a potentially modifiable risk factor that can result in visual impairment. However, reported associations between smartphone overuse and visual impairment have been inconsistent.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this systematic review was to determine the association between smartphone overuse and visual impairment, including myopia, blurred vision, and poor vision, in children and young adults.

METHODS

We conducted a systematic search in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science Core Collection, and ScienceDirect databases since the beginning of the databases up to June 2020. Fourteen eligible studies (10 cross-sectional studies and 4 controlled trials) were identified, which included a total of 27,110 subjects with a mean age ranging from 9.5 to 26.0 years. We used a random-effects model for meta-analysis of the 10 cross-sectional studies (26,962 subjects) and a fixed-effects model for meta-analysis of the 4 controlled trials (148 subjects) to combine odds ratios (ORs) and effect sizes (ES). The I2 statistic was used to assess heterogeneity.

RESULTS

A pooled OR of 1.05 (95% CI 0.98-1.13, P=.16) was obtained from the cross-sectional studies, suggesting that smartphone overuse is not significantly associated with myopia, poor vision, or blurred vision; however, these visual impairments together were more apparent in children (OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.99-1.14, P=.09) than in young adults (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.57-1.46, P=.71). For the 4 controlled trials, the smartphone overuse groups showed worse visual function scores compared with the reduced-use groups. The pooled ES was 0.76 (95% CI 0.53-0.99), which was statistically significant (P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Longer smartphone use may increase the likelihood of ocular symptoms, including myopia, asthenopia, and ocular surface disease, especially in children. Thus, regulating use time and restricting the prolonged use of smartphones may prevent ocular and visual symptoms. Further research on the patterns of use, with longer follow up on the longitudinal associations, will help to inform detailed guidelines and recommendations for smartphone use in children and young adults.
Web-Based Privacy-Preserving Multicenter Medical Data Analysis Tools Via Threshold Homomorphic Encryption: Design and Development Study (Preprint)
Authors: Lu Yao , Zhou Tianshu , Tian Yu , Zhu Shiqiang , Li Jingsong
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Data sharing in multicenter medical research can improve the generalizability of research, accelerate progress, enhance collaborations among institutions, and lead to new discoveries from data pooled from multiple sources. Despite these benefits, many medical institutions are unwilling to share their data, as sharing may cause sensitive information to be leaked to researchers, other institutions, and unauthorized users. Great progress has been made in the development of secure machine learning frameworks based on homomorphic encryption in recent years; however, nearly all such frameworks use a single secret key and lack a description of how to securely evaluate the trained model, which makes them impractical for multicenter medical applications.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to provide a privacy-preserving machine learning protocol for multiple data providers and researchers (eg, logistic regression). This protocol allows researchers to train models and then evaluate them on medical data from multiple sources while providing privacy protection for both the sensitive data and the learned model.

METHODS

We adapted a novel threshold homomorphic encryption scheme to guarantee privacy requirements. We devised new relinearization key generation techniques for greater scalability and multiplicative depth and new model training strategies for simultaneously training multiple models through x-fold cross-validation.

RESULTS

Using a client-server architecture, we evaluated the performance of our protocol. The experimental results demonstrated that, with 10-fold cross-validation, our privacy-preserving logistic regression model training and evaluation over 10 attributes in a data set of 49,152 samples took approximately 7 minutes and 20 minutes, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

We present the first privacy-preserving multiparty logistic regression model training and evaluation protocol based on threshold homomorphic encryption. Our protocol is practical for real-world use and may promote multicenter medical research to some extent.
Stay mindfully active during the coronavirus pandemic: a feasibility study of a mHealth-delivered home-based mindfulness yoga program for people with Parkinson’s disease (Preprint)
Authors: Kwok Jojo Y. Y. , Lee Jung Jae , Choi Edmond Pui Hang , Chau Pui Hing , Auyueng Man
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Patients with long-term neurological conditions, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), are particularly vulnerable to the public health measures taken to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. The inaccessibility of center-based rehabilitation further aggravated their motor dysfunctions as well as mental distress, leading to exacerbation of motor and non-motor symptoms, high utilization of healthcare and worsened health-related quality of life (HRQOL).

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and preliminary effects of the mHealth-delivered home-based mindfulness yoga program for physio-psycho-spiritual wellbeing in patients with PD.

METHODS

For this prospective, single-arm, nonrandomized feasibility study, a sequential explanatory mixed-method design was used. Ten patients with PD experiencing impaired balance and mobility were invited to participate in the mHealth-delivered home-based mindfulness yoga program, which was delivered through eight biweekly 90 min doses with purely online components. Functional balance, motor symptoms, perceived balance confidence, perceived freezing of gait symptoms, anxiety and depression, mindfulness and HRQOL were measured. All outcomes were assessed online at baseline and 1 week post-intervention. All participants were invited to attend qualitative individual interviews to explore their experience of using online mindfulness yoga program as a lifestyle intervention for PD rehabilitation.

RESULTS

Of the 10 patients, 80% completed the program with an adherence rate of 98.4%. After the completion of the intervention, the participants showed significant improvement in overall functional balance (P≤0.01), motor symptoms (P=0.002), as well as reduced anxiety (P=0.002) and depressive symptoms (P=0.036). Insignificant improvement regarding perceived balance confidence during ‘off’ state, freezing of gait symptoms, non-judgement of inner experience and HRQOL was noted. Qualitative interviews revealed participants had a high preference of using the tele-rehabilitation approach to stay mindful and being active, both physically and socially, while confronting the changes brought by COVID-19 pandemic.

CONCLUSIONS

The mHealth-delivered home-based mindfulness yoga intervention was feasible, safe, and well-accepted among people with PD to relieve the burden brought by COVID-19 pandemic. Future studies should adopt a design with enhanced rigor, a comparison group, and enlarged sample size to evaluate the efficacy of the program in patients with long-term neurological conditions and/or physical impairments. The intervention dose should be increased to twice a week for a duration of at least 8 weeks to enhance psychophysiological effects.

CLINICALTRIAL

ChiCTR200003377, Chinese Clinical Trial Register (ChiCTR) - WHO
A Neural Network Approach for Understanding Patient Experiences of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Retrospective, Cross-sectional Study of Social Media Content (Preprint)
Authors: Freeman Tobe Che Benjamin , Rodriguez-Esteban Raul , Gottowik Juergen , Yang Xing , Erpenbeck Veit Johannes , Leddin Mathias
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

The abundance of online content contributed by patients is a rich source of insight about the lived experience of disease. Patients share disease experiences with other members of the patient and caregiver community and do so using their own lexicon of words and phrases. This lexicon and the topics that are communicated using words and phrases belonging to the lexicon help us better understand disease burden. Insights from social media may ultimately guide clinical development in ways that ensure that future treatments are fit for purpose from the patient’s perspective.

OBJECTIVE

We sought insights into the patient experience of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by analyzing a substantial corpus of social media content. The corpus was sufficiently large to make manual review and manual coding all but impossible to perform in a consistent and systematic fashion. Advanced analytics were applied to the corpus content in the search for associations between symptoms and impacts across the entire text corpus.

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study of 5663 posts sourced from open blogs and online forum posts published by COPD patients between February 2016 and August 2019. We applied a novel neural network approach to identify a lexicon of community words and phrases used by patients to describe their symptoms. We used this lexicon to explore the relationship between COPD symptoms and disease-related impacts.

RESULTS

We identified a diverse lexicon of community words and phrases for COPD symptoms, including gasping, wheezy, mucus-y, and muck. These symptoms were mentioned in association with specific words and phrases for disease impact such as frightening, breathing discomfort, and difficulty exercising. Furthermore, we found an association between mucus hypersecretion and moderate disease severity, which distinguished mucus from the other main COPD symptoms, namely breathlessness and cough.

CONCLUSIONS

We demonstrated the potential of neural networks and advanced analytics to gain patient-focused insights about how each distinct COPD symptom contributes to the burden of chronic and acute respiratory illness. Using a neural network approach, we identified words and phrases for COPD symptoms that were specific to the patient community. Identifying patterns in the association between symptoms and impacts deepened our understanding of the patient experience of COPD. This approach can be readily applied to other disease areas.
Facial and Vocal Markers of Schizophrenia Measured Using Remote Smartphone Assessments: Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Abbas Anzar , Hansen Bryan J , Koesmahargyo Vidya , Yadav Vijay , Rosenfield Paul J , Patil Omkar , Dockendorf Marissa F , Moyer Matthew , Shipley Lisa A , Perez-Rodriguez M Mercedez , Galatzer-Levy Isaac R
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Machine learning–based facial and vocal measurements have demonstrated relationships with schizophrenia diagnosis and severity. Demonstrating utility and validity of remote and automated assessments conducted outside of controlled experimental or clinical settings can facilitate scaling such measurement tools to aid in risk assessment and tracking of treatment response in populations that are difficult to engage.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to determine the accuracy of machine learning–based facial and vocal measurements acquired through automated assessments conducted remotely through smartphones.

METHODS

Measurements of facial and vocal characteristics including facial expressivity, vocal acoustics, and speech prevalence were assessed in 20 patients with schizophrenia over the course of 2 weeks in response to two classes of prompts previously utilized in experimental laboratory assessments: evoked prompts, where subjects are guided to produce specific facial expressions and speech; and spontaneous prompts, where subjects are presented stimuli in the form of emotionally evocative imagery and asked to freely respond. Facial and vocal measurements were assessed in relation to schizophrenia symptom severity using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale.

RESULTS

Vocal markers including speech prevalence, vocal jitter, fundamental frequency, and vocal intensity demonstrated specificity as markers of negative symptom severity, while measurement of facial expressivity demonstrated itself as a robust marker of overall schizophrenia symptom severity.

CONCLUSIONS

Established facial and vocal measurements, collected remotely in schizophrenia patients via smartphones in response to automated task prompts, demonstrated accuracy as markers of schizophrenia symptom severity. Clinical implications are discussed.
The Development of a Web-Based Tobacco Tracker Tool to Crowdsource Campus Environmental Reports for Smoke and Tobacco–Free College Policies: Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: Loureiro Sabrina F , Pulvers Kim , Gosdin Melissa M , Clift Keavagh , Rice Myra , Tong Elisa K
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

College campuses in the United States have begun implementing smoke and tobacco–free policies to discourage the use of tobacco. Smoke and tobacco–free policies, however, are contingent upon effective policy enforcement.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to develop an empirically derived web-based tracking tool (Tracker) for crowdsourcing campus environmental reports of tobacco use and waste to support smoke and tobacco–free college policies.

METHODS

An exploratory sequential mixed methods approach was utilized to inform the development and evaluation of Tracker. In October 2018, three focus groups across 2 California universities were conducted and themes were analyzed, guiding Tracker development. After 1 year of implementation, users were asked in April 2020 to complete a survey about their experience.

RESULTS

In the focus groups, two major themes emerged: barriers and facilitators to tool utilization. Further Tracker development was guided by focus group input to address these barriers (eg, information, policing, and logistical concerns) and facilitators (eg, environmental motivators and positive reinforcement). Amongst 1163 Tracker reports, those who completed the user survey (n=316) reported that the top motivations for using the tool had been having a cleaner environment (212/316, 79%) and health concerns (185/316, 69%).

CONCLUSIONS

Environmental concerns, a motivator that emerged in focus groups, shaped Tracker’s development and was cited by the majority of users surveyed as a top motivator for utilization.
Mental health symptoms in the comment sections of climate change posts on Instagram: A content analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Tsao Owen , Jolliff Anna
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Background: In ever increasing frequency, shocking news reports, opinion pieces and sad imagery are being posted on social media platforms that are widely used by adolescents. Such posts may have the potential to affect adolescent mental health.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to conduct a content analysis analyzing comments under positively and negatively framed climate change advocacy posts, in order to gauge symptoms of depression and anxiety, as well as positive affect.

METHODS

A sample of 100 Instagram comments on 10 positive and 10 negatively framed climate change advocacy posts were collected and analyzed for symptoms of depression, anxiety and positive affect. Posts were found through Instagram’s hashtag section, and both the positive and negative ones were found on ‘#climatechange’, under the ‘most popular tab’. Descriptive statistics and t-tests were used to analyze the comments under each post and to understand differences in mental health-related comments below positive and negative climate change posts.

RESULTS

Seventeen percent of total comments referenced depression, 5% showed anxious symptoms, and 32% referenced positive affect. No statistically significant difference was found between likes, comments, and followers on negative versus positively framed climate change posts.

CONCLUSIONS

While depressive and anxious symptoms did exist in Instagram comment sections, they were less prevalent than positive references. Both positive and negative post accounts had around the same number of likes and followers, suggesting that neither post type significantly benefits or hurts account popularity. This suggests that Instagram is a viable platform for positive messages and climate change activism in general. Further research should look into the prevalence of mental health references in climate change content on other social media sites.
COVID-19, Social Distancing, & Adolescent Mental Health on Twitter: An Online Content Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Hyzer Reese Haley , Jerisha Joshua J
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

In the early days of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis, high engagement with pandemic-related social media was correlated with a 22.6% increase in anxiety and a 48.3% increase in depression. Before the start of the pandemic, young people were already at an elevated risk of anxiety and depression, with 20% of college students reporting at least one mental health condition. Currently, it is unclear what role COVID-19 messaging on social media has played in the adolescent mental health response to the pandemic.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to explore co-occurrences between mentions of social distancing and mental health on Twitter, as well as linguistic elements of these posts.

METHODS

Our study was an online content analysis on Twitter. Tweets with hashtag #COVID19 were sampled from March 2020 and April 2020. Social media demographics were determined for both months. These Tweets were then evaluated for individual and co-occurrence mentions of social distancing and mental health. The presence of media (images, videos, or hyperlinks) was also recorded. The Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) program we used measured the prevalence of language under the categories of anxiety, anger, sadness, and risk, as well as the usage of 1st person singular pronouns and 1st person plural pronouns. Additionally, overall emotional tone was determined for both datasets. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze social media demographics and post content. LIWC scores between March and April were compared with independent t-tests.

RESULTS

A national sample of 100 Tweets with hashtag #COVID19 were collected. 50 Tweets were sampled from March 2020 and April 2020 respectively. Among March Tweets, 44% (n = 22) referenced social distancing, 48% (n = 24) referenced mental health, and 22% (n = 11) referenced both. Among April Tweets, 54% (n = 27) referenced social distancing, 22% (n = 11) referenced mental health, and 12% (n = 6) referenced both. The mean LIWC scores between March and April decreased 1.46 points for singular pronouns (p = 0.0271). There was no significant difference between March and April Tweets in the LIWC scores for anxiety, anger, sadness, risk, and plural pronouns.

CONCLUSIONS

Between March and April, we found that references to social distancing became more frequent, while references to mental health decreased. Likewise, singular pronoun usage decreased significantly. These findings do not imply a diminished mental health impact, but rather suggest an increased focus on collective action over individual sentiment. Future studies should utilize interviews and focus groups to further examine the relevant mental health implications among individual adolescents.
Comparing Representation of Depression on Reddit and Twitter Social Media Platforms (Preprint)
Authors: Kaji Ethan , Bushman Maggie
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Adolescents with depression often turn to social media to express their feelings, for support, and for educational purposes. Little is known about how Reddit, a forum-based platform, compares to Twitter, a newsfeed platform, when it comes to content surrounding depression.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study is to identify differences between Reddit and Twitter concerning how depression is discussed and represented online.

METHODS

A content analysis of Reddit posts and Twitter posts, using r/depression and #depression, identified signs of depression using the DSM-IV criteria. Other youth-related topics, including School, Family, and Social Activity, and the presence of medical or promotional content were also coded for. Relative frequency of each code was then compared between platforms as well as the average DSM-IV score for each platform.

RESULTS

A total of 102 posts were included in this study, with 53 Reddit posts and 49 Twitter posts. Findings suggest that Reddit has more content with signs of depression with 92% than Twitter with 24%. 28.3% of Reddit posts included medical content compared to Twitter with 18.4%. 53.1% of Twitter posts had promotional content while Reddit posts didn’t contain promotional content.

CONCLUSIONS

Users with depression seem more willing to discuss their mental health on the subreddit r/depression than on Twitter. Twitter users also use #depression with a wider variety of topics, not all of which actually involve a case of depression.
Importing the law? Possible elements of the Mesopotamian legal tradition in New Kingdom Egypt (1549-1064BCE)
Authors: Loktionov Alexandre
Published: December 2020

Features of New Kingdom (1549-1064BCE[1]) justice not attested earlierOracle courts, as attested at Deir el-Medina[2] and elsewhere[3]Increase in severe corporal punishment: for example, mutilation of nose and ears becomes a standard element in oath formulae[4]Detailed protasis-apodosis legal decrees, such as the Karnak Decree of Horemheb[5] (1328-1298BCE) or the Nauri Decree of Seti I[6] (1296-1279).  Why might this be connected to Mesopotamia/Semitic law?“Hyksos” period (1650-1549BCE) immediately prior to New KingdomAmarna letters/greater exposure to Akkadian in Egypt during New KingdomLegal associations: Akkadian and Egyptian copies of Ramesses II – Hattusili III treaty[7] (1258BCE), where corporal punishment is a prominent topicMesopotamian law, and broader scholarship, often associated with protasis-apodosis[8]Mesopotamian law often associated with severe corporal punishment: for instance, see Code of Hammurabi (1792-1750BCE)[9], Middle Assyrian Laws[10] (c.1400-1100BCE) etc.Why might this NOT be connected to Mesopotamia/Semitic law?Were earlier periods truly different, or is this down to chance preservation of sources?Protasis-apodosis has precedents in the Middle Kingdom (2066-1650BCE): for instance, see 2nd Semna stela of Senusret III (1865BCE)[11] or Illahun Medical papyri (c.1800BCE)[12]. [1] All Egyptian dates are calculated according to the chronology set forth in Dodson & Hilton 2004: 287-294, while Mesopotamian dates follow the chronology in van de Mieroop 2007: 302-317.[2] McDowell 1990: 143-186.[3] Kákosy 1975: 600-606; Černy 1962: 35-48.[4] Lorton 1977: 33-38, 50-51; Tyldesley 2000: 81.[5] Kruchten 1981.[6] Kitchen 1975-1990: 53-55 (text 24); Davies 1997: 277-308.[7] Langdon & Gardiner 1920.[8] Bottéro 1992: 125-137, 156-184; Roth 1997.[9] Roth 1997: 71-142; Richardson 2000.[10] Driver & Miles 1935; Roth 1997: 153-194.[11] Sethe 1924: 83-84.[12] Quirke 2002; Collier & Quirke 2004: 53-64.
Dressing and Feeding the Family, or Cakes and Garments for the Gods?
Authors: Boertien Jeannette
Published: December 2020

In the built environment of a past society it is often difficult to distinguish between sacred and profane objects and places. We struggle with the difficult tasks of recovering and understanding the behaviours that took place in domestic and public units. Baking, spinning and weaving can be traced very well in the archaeological record from artifacts such as ovens, spindle whorls, loom weights and other remnants representing a loom. Traces of weaving and baking are often found in domestic context. Weaving and backing for a temple and especially weaving clothes and backing bread for a deity are well-known phenomena in the ancient Near East. But in the archaeology of the Southern Levant weaving and baking in association with a temple or a shrine seems to be overlooked.Khirbet al Mudayna, Tell Deir Alla and Tell es-Saidiyeh, situated in Transjordan, with their huge and concentrated numbers of Iron Age loom weights and distinctive architecture, indicate production for others than the direct inhabitants, suggesting specialization and trade. But who were these others. By comparing the features of the three sites an answer to the above question can be indicated.
Ideology and Administration in Nebuchadnezzar’s Babylon
Authors: Ouysook Peerapat
Published: December 2020

Kleber, K. 2008. Tempel und Palast: Die Beziehungen zwischen dem König und dem Eanna-Tempel imspätbabylonischen Uruk. AOAT 358. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag.Eanna Archive Chronology (pp.135–73) Regnal years 1 – 20 ++; Building projects: Etemenanki Ziqqurat; Location: BabylonRegnal years 2; Building projects: Esagil BabylonRegnal years 14 – 32; Building projects: miscellaneous; Location: Opis and SipparRegnal years 14/35 – 42; Building projects: - ; Location: Tyros/ṢuruRegnal years 15 – at least 20; Building projects: - ; Location: JādaquRegnal years 19 – 29; Building projects: North Palace; Location: BabylonRegnal years 23 – (project completed in the reign of Cyrus); Building projects: - ; Location: Raqqat-ŠamašRegnal years 27; Building projects: Nebuchadnezzar Canal (Nār-Šarri); Location: North of SipparRegnal years 31; Building projects: A dam; Location: Sealand regionRegnal years 33; Building projects: Euriminanki Ziqqurrat; Location: BorsippaRegnal years 35; Building projects: City wall; Location: Babylon ---Da Riva, R. 2008. The Neo-Babylonian Royal Inscriptions: An Introduction. Guides to the MesopotamianTextual Record (GMTR) 4. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag.“In his Ehulhul cylinder…, king Nabonidus claims to have restored the Ebabbar in Sippar forty-five years after the reconstruction undertaken by Nebuchadnezzar. Since Nabonidus’ works date to 553-2 BC, the alleged reconstruction must date to 597-96 BC (pp.74).”*597-96 BC = 7 th - 8 th regnal years---Da Riva, R. 2012. The Twin Inscriptions of Nebuchadnezzar at Brisa (Wadi Esh-Sharbin, Lebanon): a historical and philological studies . Archiv für Orientforschung (AO) 32. Wien: Selbstverlag des Instituts für Orientalistik der Universität Wien. “The construction of Nār-šarri is well-documented in the administrative texts, and all evidence confirms that it was a lengthy project. The first references to the canal are from the second decade of Nebuchadnezzar’s reign, but the construction documents are dated to the 27 th regnal year onwards (pp.20).”---Da Riva, R. 2013. Nebuchadnezzar II’s Prism (EŞ 7834): A New Edition. Zeitschrift für Assyriologie (ZA), 103 (2). 196–229.“Also known as the Old Palace, this building had been constructed by Nabopolassar (626–605 BC) and later expanded by Nebuchadnezzar II (605–562 BC) in or before his seventh year, according to the date mentioned in the Prism, before he decided to build a new one (the Hauptburg or Nordburg) outside the inner wall system (pp.196).”(pp.210-1)Column III25’ in se-bu-tim ša-at-ti-ia 1 lim 1 lim še - im26’ 1
The Mountain Fortresses of Rabana-Merquly in Iraqi-Kurdistan
Authors: Brown Michael
Published: December 2020

The twin fortresses of Rabana-Merquly are situated on the western side of Mt. Piramagrun, one of the most prominent massifs in the Zagros Mountains. A defining feature of these adjoining settlements are their matching, approximately life-size rock-reliefs depicting a ruler in Parthian dress, which flank the entrance to both sites. Behind the perimeter walls several structures have been recorded including a citadel and a sanctuary complex. The combined intramural area is in excess of 40 hectares. Based on the style of relief sculptures, and the material culture of their associated intramural settlements, occupation is dated to the early first millennium A.D. Investigations at Rabana-Merquly are a collaboration between Heidelberg University and the Sulaymaniyah Directorate of Antiquities. This talk gives an overview of the main fieldwork results to date, emphasizing the relationship between the fortified settlements and the wider landscape of the central Zagros highlands.
Mirroring the god: topic, images and word-order in the hieroglyphic Luwian inscription ALEPPO 6
Authors: Posani Claudia
Published: December 2020

The presentation provides a short introduction to the Aleppo Temple and the inscriptions discovered during its excavations -ALEPPO 4, 5, 6, 7- (or that are supposed to have come from the Storm-God Temple -BABYLON 1, 2, 3-).

Then an analysis of BABYLON 1 and ALEPPO 6 is provided. Both the inscriptions deal with the topic of reciprocity and mutual favours between the king (or the ruler) and the god. This topic is well expected in temple inscriptions. However, in ALEPPO 6 inscription this topic seems to have been developed on three different levels:

1) topic of the inscription;

2) iconography of the god’s and king’s images;

3) unusual word-order in the first clause of the text (name and titles).

In my opinion there is a close connection between these three levels: in this case not only texts and images were meant to convey the same message, but even the linguistic level (word-order) is affected by the attempt of creating an integrated way of communication.
Physiological characteristics of two accessions of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) at different planting sites in Madura
Authors: Wasonowati Catur , Sulistyaningsih Endang , Indradewa Didik , Kurniasih Budiastuti
Published: December 2020

Moringa plants grow in Sumenep with semi-intensive planting at the moor and several planting sites. Sumenep is one of the districts in Madura Island, which is categorized as a dry area based on the Oldeman climate classification. Based on the color of the leaf stalk, moringa plants growing in Sumenep area are categorized as green and purple moringa. The study aimed to examine the differences in physiological characteristics of two accession of moringa plants at different planting sites in Madura. The study was arranged in Oversite Sub-sampling Design with planting site as first factor consisting of Bluto with E5 climate type and Guluk-guluk with D3 climate type. Meanwhile, the second factor was the type of moringa consisting of moringa with green and purple leaf stalks. The results showed that the different planting sites represented the differences in environmental elements, which influenced the physiological characteristics of moringa plants. Based on the observation in September 2016, moringa plants with green stalks planted in Guluk-guluk had high ANR content. The stomatal opening on moringa leaves with green stalks was larger than that on moringa plants with purple stalks, whereas ANR content in green-stalked moringa was lower than in the purple-stalked ones. Meanwhile, in February 2017, the purple-stalked moringa plants planted at Bluto had the highest transpiration rate and proline content compared to the others.
IPM Program Combined with “Rice Fields, Flower Banks” or BIO-IPM Program in Soc Trang Province (Vietnam)
Authors: DUNG NGUYEN TRUNG , NGOC ANH NGUYEN THI , KIEN PHAM DINH
Published: December 2020

The paper aims to present the implementation of IPM program in Soc Trang Province in two years 2015 and 2016. To evaluate the program, a lot of primary data was obtained from the farmer household survey at each phase: Baseline survey as before-project (abbreviation S1), implementation of four experimental FFS models according to the Farmer-Field-School approach (S2), survey after FFS implementation (S3), and survey after up scaling or after-project (S4). Totally 1,200 households are in consideration. The comparative methods such as the one-way ANOVA are used to examine differences in mean and variance of agricultural inputs and outputs between different groups S1, S41 and S42. The key innovation of this study includes not only the conventional measures of the IPM program but also biological measures such as “rice fields, flower banks” and green fungus. The main results are a reduction in the use of nitrogen (14.8-17.1%), and pesticides (48-51%), cost savings and higher profits for farmers and a lower environmental impact from growing rice. “Rice fields, flower banks” have not only proven themselves in rice fields but have also spread to villages. The rural landscape is becoming more beautiful in the context of the National Target Program on New Rural Development.
Examining a Multisemiotic Approach to Measuring Challenging Content for English Learners and Others: Results from the ONPAR Elementary and Middle School Science Study
Authors: J. Kopriva Rebecca , Wright Laura , Triscari Robert , Willner Lynn Shafer
Published: December 2020

This study contributes to the empirical research base on the effectiveness of ONPAR, a promising multisemiotic test item development process. ONPAR uses a variety of multisemiotic performance techniques to present and measure challenging concepts and skills of students, including low English proficient English Learners (ELs) and non-ELs. Experimental trials were used to investigate how 648 ELs at three English proficiency levels and native English speaking non-ELs performed on randomly assigned 4th and 8th grade traditional items and equivalent ONPAR items of challenging science content. General linear modeling using a covariate variable of classroom performance and bi- and multi-nomial regressions found differential boost across both grades. That is, findings showed that lower English proficient ELs perform better on ONPAR vs traditional forms in both grades, with p < .05 in favor of ONPAR in grade 8, whereas there were no significant differences between the two forms for non-ELs. The results also underscore the viability of the assessment methodology where students often demonstrate their response by showing their knowledge and skills. Item level results indicate that the ONPAR approach is useful at mitigating the effect of group.
Biochemical Factors Affecting East Asian Consumers’ Sensory Preferences of Six Beef Shank Cuts
Authors: Wu Wan Jun , Welter Amelia A. , Rice Emily A. , Olson Brittany A. , O'Quinn Travis G. , Boyle Elizabeth A. E. , Magnin-Bissel Geraldine , Houser Terry A. , Chao Michael D.
Published: December 2020

The objective of this study was to evaluate biochemical factors affecting Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) and East Asian consumers’ eating preferences of 6 different beef shank cuts cooked by moist heat. Six different beef shank muscles were collected from 12 USDA Choice beef carcasses (N = 72). Shank cuts from the left sides were cooked with moist heat and used for East Asian consumer sensory evaluation and WBSF, and shank cuts from the right sides were left uncooked and used for biochemical analysis and visual panels utilizing the same group of consumers. A correlation analysis was conducted to determine the driving factors that contributed to WBSF and East Asian consumers’ overall liking for beef shanks. Biceps brachii and flexor digitorum superficialis-pelvic received the greatest sensory overall liking, with deep digital flexor from the foreshank having the lowest scores (P < 0.01). Deep digital flexor from the foreshank had the greatest WBSF value, most cooked collagen content, and greatest insoluble collagen percentage as well as the greatest raw and cooked pyridinoline (PYD) densities among all the beef shank cuts (P < 0.05). For visual overall liking, shank cuts at approximately 700–750 g such as biceps brachii and extensor carpi radialis received the highest ratings (P < 0.01), and consumers indicated that there was no visual difference in surface color among the shank cuts (P > 0.10). Correlation analysis showed that cooked collagen content and insoluble collagen percentage as well as raw PYD densities had positive correlations with WBSF (P < 0.05) and negative correlations with consumer overall liking (P < 0.01). Surprisingly, collagen content from uncooked shank cuts did not have a direct relationship with consumers’ overall liking nor with WBSF. The results demonstrated that raw PYD density may be a great indicator for cooked beef tenderness in beef cuts with a high concentration of connective tissue prepared with moist heat cookery.
Tecnología, formación de habilidades e inestabilidad económica
Authors: Bina Cyrus
Published: December 2020

Dada la tendencia universal del capitalismo a la inestabilidad global (y crisis) más allá de un solo país o región, el artículo se centra en un subconjunto de  inestabilidades, que tiene que ver con el ritmo trepidante e híper competitivo del cambio tecnológico, debido a la transnacionalización del capital y, por lo tanto, a la globalización de la economía mundial. En consecuencia, esto tendría un efecto devastador y ciertamente perturbador sobre las habilidades existentes en varios sectores de la economía, y a la larga más allá de la localización geográfica de la producción, fuera de los límites de los estados nacionales.