bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
METHODOLOGY OF FINE ART WORK IN GENERAL SECONDARY SCHOOLS
Authors:   Associate Professor (Phd) At The ", Ibrohimovna Yuldasheva Nilufar ,   Fine Art",   Department At Tspu Named After Nizami, Uzbekistan, Xurshida Abdullaeva ,   Student At Tspu Named After Nizami, Uzbekistan
Published: July 2023

This article discusses the formation of artistic and aesthetic competence of future visual arts teachers and the use of effective technologies in pedagogical conditions.
THE ESSENCE OF DEVELOPING CREATIVE ABILITIES IN PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS
Authors:   Jizzakh State Pedagogical University, Uzbekistan, Kulboyeva Dilnoza
Published: July 2023

The development of creative abilities in primary school pupils is a topic of increasing importance in education. Creative abilities encompass a range of cognitive, emotional, and social skills that contribute to pupils' overall growth and prepare them for future challenges. This abstract provides an overview of the essence of developing creative abilities in primary school pupils. The article emphasizes the significance of nurturing creative abilities from an early age, as it enhances pupils' critical thinking, problem-solving, and innovation skills. It explores the benefits of developing creative abilities, including improved academic performance, enhanced self-expression, and the cultivation of an entrepreneurial mindset. Effective strategies for developing creative abilities are discussed, such as creating a positive classroom environment, integrating arts and humanities, promoting divergent thinking, providing opportunities for exploration and experimentation, and fostering curiosity. Collaboration and peer interaction are highlighted as essential elements for stimulating creativity.
THE STATUS OF WOMEN IN ANCIENT EASTERN CULTURE
Authors:   Doctor Of Philological Sciences, Professor, Tashkent State University Of Oriental Studies, Uzbekistan, Usmanova Shoira , Khodjaeva Nilufar ,   Phd, Associate Professor, Tashkent State University Of Oriental Studies, Uzbekistan
Published: July 2023

The concept of women is important of all time. Women are the beginning of life. Sometimes she faces up and downs, and suffers from disrespect, inequality end, etc. But from ancient times she was respected as a goddess. The article studies women’s status in ancient Oriental cultures comparatively. And analysis difference of women’s status in ancient Oriental counties.
Travessia. A fabulação audiovisual de uma sujeita malunga (Versión en portugués)
Authors: Castro Simões Letícia
Published: July 2023

O presente artigo deseja se debruçar sobre o cur- ta-metragem Travessia, da cineasta baiana Safira Moreira, para analisar a operação audiovisual em torno da construção de um sujeito rizomático, con- ceito proposto pelos filósofos Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari, em ressonância com um sujeito malungo, conceito histórico aqui trazido pelo historiador João José Reis. A construção desse sujeito múltiplo em subjetividade e historicidade, segundo esta análi- se, poderia ser observada a partir do exercício de fabulação de si exercido pelo sujeito narrador do curta-metragem. Assim, esse texto deseja responder à seguinte pergunta: poderia a escrita audiovisual realizar a escrita de um sujeito múltiplo, partido em muitos, formado por milhares?
Characterization of the GBC-32 Fuel Assembly Source Terms
Authors: Matijević Mario , Pekeč Matej
Published: July 2023

This paper presents burnup/depletion calculations of the typical Westinghouse 17x17 fuel assembly to be used as a radioactive waste package in a Generic Burnup Credit cask benchmark problem with 32 elements (GBC-32). This first phase is addressing spent fuel source terms calculation while evaluation of the shielding performance of the GBC-32 cask is planned for the second phase. The TRITON-NEWT methodology of the SCALE6.1.3 program package was used in a tandem with ORIGEN-S code for deterministic 2D calculation of the GBC-32 fuel assembly neutron multiplication factor, providing spatial-temporal fluxes and isotopic concentration change. The burnup simulation was done up to 60 GWd/tU with sensitivity analysis of relevant physical parameters influenced by the working cross-section library. This approach also allowed generation of the specific user-defined collapsed cross-section libraries as a function of fuel enrichment and burnup level. Calculation of isotopic concentrations, decay heat, neutron-gamma spectra and major actinides activity for different fuel assembly cooling periods was performed using ORIGEN-ARP module.
Kejadian Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut (ISPA) Pada Balita Di Puskesmas Pusako Kabupaten Siak
Authors: Yulia Riza
Published: July 2023

Abstrak

Upaya program pemberantasan penyakit (P2) ISPA pada balita yaitu perlu adanya langkah-langkah dengan melaksanakan promosi penanggulangan ISPA, menemukan penderita, melaksanakan tatalaksana standart penderita dengan deteksi dini, pengobatan yang tepat dan segera, serta melaksanakan pengawasan dan penjagaan kesakitan dan kematian karena ISPA. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui Kejadian Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut (ISPA) Pada Balita Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Pusako Kabupaten Siak. Metode penelitian ialah Kualitatif dengan desain Rapid Assasement Procedure, wawancara dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling serta observasi pelaksanaan pelayanan dan pencatatan pelaporan program P2 ISPA. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa masih belum optimalnya program P2ISPA dikarenakan pemegang program belum mendapatkan pelatihan, dan dikarenakan pandemic covid-19 petugas kesehatan tidak dapat jemput bola untuk melakukan penanganan ISPA pada balita, kurangnya sinergitas dari masyarakat dan TOMA untuk berperan serta dalam penurunan kasus ISPA pada balita di Puskesmas Pusako. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa perlu adanya adanya perencaanan yang dibuat oleh Penanggung Jawab P2 ISPA sehingga target dari ISPA pada balita terjadi penurunan, harus adanya kesinambungan dan kesadaran masyarakat akan pentingnya mengetahui penyakit ISPA pada balita melalui penyuluhan dan sosialisasi yang diberikan oleh pj promkes sehingga kegiatan P2 ISPA dapat berjalan optimal.
Anomalies in the Noun Class Systems of Niger-Congo: Towards a Typology of the Atypical
Authors:   INALCO – LLACAN – Labex EFL, Pozdniakov Konstantin
Published: July 2023

The paper focuses on minor noun classes and minor genders in Niger-Congo languages, which are usually regarded as anomalies in class systems. It takes into consideration data from 243 languages, and shows that such anomalies are most characteristic for quite specific meanings, namely those traditionally regarded as prototypical meanings of noun classes: ‘person’, ‘thing’, ‘foot’, ‘tree’, ‘eye’, ‘place’, etc. Thus, the particular patterns of class agreement observed, or particular correlations between singular and plural noun classes, often do not represent accidental exceptions, but are better thought of as a kind of marker of noun class paradigmatic semantics.
Reconstructing the Volume Density Profile of Prestellar Cores with the Anisotropic Inverse Abel Transform Method
Authors: Zhang Yapeng , Liu Zhengdong , An Weiming , Ping Yongli , Zhong Jiayong
Published: July 2023

Most studies of the 3D density structure of prestellar cores have used isotropic evolution models, which are projected into 2D for direct comparison with observation data. In this study, we introduced the anisotropic inverse Abel transform method for reconstructing the 3D volume density profile of prestellar cores. We demonstrated that this approach could accurately preserve information about the realistic 3D structure with numerical simulation. This method has great advantages compared to the shape-assumption methods, particularly in high-density regions. We applied this method to the Herschel 2D column density maps of three prestellar cores, and the results showed good agreement with theoretical models. By changing the direction of the inversion axis of symmetry, we confirmed that the density profiles of prestellar cores exhibit nearly cylindrical symmetry.
In Situ Observation of Electron Acceleration by a Double Layer in the Bow Shock
Authors: Wang C. M. , Huang S. Y. , Yuan Z. G. , Jiang K. , Zhang J. , Dong Y. , Xiong Q. Y.
Published: July 2023

The importance of the electric potential along the field direction in the acceleration of electrons in the quasi-perpendicular bow shock has been proposed. Nevertheless, the mechanism by which electrons are accelerated in the bow shock remains unclear from the perspective of in situ observation. In this study, utilizing data obtained by the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission, we identify a double layer (DL) located within the transition layer of the quasi-perpendicular bow shock. It is found that the electric potential generated by this DL corresponds well with an increase in electron parallel temperature, suggesting that the DL can effectively accelerate the electrons in the bow shock. Furthermore, strong whistler emissions have been detected in the vicinity of this DL. It seems that the electrons accelerated by the DL could potentially supply the necessary free energy to excite the observed whistler waves. Thus, the presence of whistler waves provides indirect evidence of an electron beam generated by the DL in bow shock. Our observations demonstrate that the DL can accelerate electrons effectively and impact the electron dynamics within the bow shock.
The Progenitor of the Peculiar Galaxy NGC 3077
Authors: Okamoto Sakurako , Arimoto Nobuo , Ferguson Annette M. N. , Irwin Mike J. , Žemaitis Rokas
Published: July 2023

We present a study of the structural properties and metallicity distribution of the nearby peculiar galaxy NGC 3077. Using data from our survey of the M81 Group with the Hyper Suprime-Cam on board the Subaru Telescope, we construct deep color–magnitude diagrams that are used to probe the old red giant branch (RGB) population of NGC 3077. We map these stars out to and beyond the nominal tidal radius, which allows us to derive the structural properties and stellar content of the peripheral regions. We show that NGC 3077 has an extended stellar halo and pronounced “S-shaped” tidal tails that diverge from the radial profile of the inner region. The average metallicity of the old population in NGC 3077 is estimated from individual RGBs to be [M/H] = −0.98 ± 0.26, which decreases with the distance from the galaxy center as [M/H] = −0.17 dex

R

h

−
1

. The metallicity of the S-shaped structure is similar to that of the regions lying at r ∼ 4 × R

h
( ∼ 30 kpc), indicating that the stellar constituents of the tidal tails have come from the outer envelope of NGC 3077. These results suggest that this peculiar galaxy was probably a rather normal dwarf elliptical galaxy before the tidal interaction with M81 and M82. We also examine the evidence in our data set for the six recently reported ultrafaint dwarf candidates around NGC 3077. We recover a spatial overdensity of sources coinciding with only one of these.
Particle Acceleration and Their Escape into the Heliosphere in Solar Flares with Open Magnetic Field
Authors: Gordovskyy Mykola , Browning Philippa K. , Kusano Kanya , Inoue Satoshi , Vekstein Grigory E.
Published: July 2023

Energetic particle populations in the solar corona and in the heliosphere appear to have different characteristics even when produced in the same solar flare. It is not clear what causes this difference: properties of the acceleration region, the large-scale magnetic field configuration in the flare, or particle transport effects, such as scattering. In this study, we use a combination of magnetohydrodynamic and test-particle approaches to investigate magnetic reconnection, particle acceleration, and transport in two solar flares: an M-class flare on 2013 June 19, and an X-class flare on 2011 September 6. We show that in both events, the same regions are responsible for the acceleration of particles remaining in the coronal and being ejected toward the heliosphere. However, the magnetic field structure around the acceleration region acts as a filter, resulting in different characteristics (such as energy spectra) acquired by these two populations. We argue that this effect is an intrinsic property of particle acceleration in the current layers created by the interchange reconnection, and therefore, may be ubiquitous, particularly, in noneruptive solar flares with substantial particle emission into the heliosphere.
Testing the Circularity of PSR B0818-41's Carousel
Authors: McSweeney Samuel J. , Smith Lisa , Bhat N. D. Ramesh , Wright Geoff
Published: July 2023

The phenomenon of subpulse drifting is an important single-pulse phenomenon that can potentially provide important insights into the elusive radio emission mechanism in pulsars. We analyze the frequency behavior of the single pulses of B0818−41, observed from 300 to 500 MHz (Band 3 of the upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope, uGMRT), and compare it to the evolution of the average profile to place constraints on the geometry of the pulsar emission beam. We show that a circular carousel of discrete beamlets, where each beamlet is radially symmetric, is not consistent with the observed behavior, and we describe an alternative consistent range of possible elliptical carousel geometries. We also combine the uGMRT data with some archival Murchison Widefield Array observations and several other published profiles to characterize the profile evolution across a frequency range spanning ∼170 MHz to ∼1.4 GHz.
Performance analysis of heat recovery in Heat Pipe Heat Exchanger on room air conditioning systems
Authors: Amir Fazri , Muhammad Hafiz , Abdullah Nasruddin A. , Rizal Samsul , Thaib Razali , Umar Hamdani
Published: July 2023

The air conditioning system is the most common way to provide comfortable room temperature for its inhabitants. However, the energy required for its operation is extremely high and cost-intensive. Therefore, a more efficient HVAC system with a lower energy consumption is desirable. The experimental results and performance analysis demonstrated that the outlet air temperature through the evaporator side of HPHE (precooling) has the potential to save some amount of energy utilizing an HVAC system equipped with HPHE. This research aims to study the performance of HPHE with the precooling process applied in commercial room HVAC system applications. This research on the utilization of HPHE for heat recovery in air conditioning systems was carried out with variations in temperature of fresh air intake ranging between 32–42 ℃. The airflow speed was set constant at 1.0 m/s. This experiment demonstrated the highest effectiveness at a value of 21%. The HPHE heat recovery analysis results show that the best heat recovery performance is achieved when the fresh air intake temperature exceeds the exhaust air leaving the room. The phenomenon was compared at a low fresh air intake temperature of 32 ℃, which succeeded in recovering 0.05 W, and when the temperature rose to 42 ℃, 0.21 W was recovered.
Ambassadeur de deux couronnes
Authors: Hanotin Guillaume
Published: July 2023

La mort de Charles II d'Espagne en 1700 et la guerre de Succession d'Espagne qui s'ensuit bouleversent toute l'Europe dont la carte en ressort transformée en 1714. Les monarchies de France et d'Espagne, longtemps rivales et concurrentes, sont devenues des alliées grâce à des souverains issus d'une même maison royale. L'ensemble de leurs relations est durablement modifié par cette alliance étroite que l'on ne tarde pas à dénommer « l'union des couronnes », nouveau cadre politique qu'il faut concevoir, mettre en pratique et défendre. Amelot de Gournay, ambassadeur de Louis XIV à Madrid, incarna la forme la plus aboutie de ces nouvelles relations. Cette étude retrace les objectifs, les succès et les échecs d'une politique à partir de sa mise en oeuvre durant un conflit qui fut aussi une guerre civile, motivé également par des impératifs commerciaux et coloniaux.
Spiking Neural Networks for Robotic Applications
Authors: Dhanasekar J. , Monisha R. , Tamilselvan K S. , Seethalakshmi V. , Gokul Basavaraj G
Published: July 2023

The biologically inspired spiking neural network can be said to mimic the most neural network models in existence that is evolved from artificial neural networks. This concept was derived from the nervous system and was able to generate electric impulses, commonly known as spikes or action impulses. Here the neural models try to replicate the biological neurons almost accurately and can be considered to be more powerful than its peers as it was able to integrate temporal information. As such they can said to have great potential in several complex applications like classification, mapping, and pattern recognition, etc. Out of the available spiking neuron models, Leaky-Integrate-and-Fire is very frequently applied. Spiking neural networks are gaining rapid importance in the last few years following the sharp incline in artificial intelligence field. In this modern era robots are incorporated in our daily life, and said to have the potential to increase economic growth and productivity.
Risk and Resilience Among Students in the Context of COVID-19
Authors: Malindi Macalane Junel
Published: July 2023

This chapter reports the findings of a qualitative study that explored risk and resilience among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample comprised 33 pre-graduates within a Bachelor of Education program in one institution. Data were collected through a questionnaire containing open-ended questions. Content analysis yielded five themes, namely personal resilience risks limiting curriculum access, socioecological resilience risks limiting curriculum access, personal resilience resources enabling curriculum access, socioecological resilience resources enabling curriculum access, and support needed to access the curriculum. The findings showed that students experienced risks at personal and socioecological levels. However, they coped resiliently through a complex combination of personal and socioecological resilience resources. The findings suggest that South African universities should maximise online access to the curriculum.
Drivers of Sustainable Supply Chain Management Using Internet of Things-Based Blockchain Technology
Authors: Pal Kamalendu
Published: July 2023

Information technologies are transforming conventional supply chain management (SCM) business practices and positively influencing sustainability. In particular, blockchain technology and the internet of things (IoT) are two important examples that play a significant role in sustainable supply chain management (SSCM). This chapter reviewed the impact of these technologies on SSCM separately and with their combination of forward and reversed supply chains. Academics and practitioners have studied the effects of these technologies on sustainability separately earlier, but integrating these technologies can lead to different insights and disclose several opportunities. Besides, the chapter highlights essential factors in developing blockchain and IoT to know the modern trends for industry automation, challenges, and future research opportunities on supply chain sustainability. Finally, the chapter presents an IoT-based service-oriented blockchain architecture for supply chain information systems that manifest the information-driven sustainability of the supply chain operation.
VTOL Concepts for Unmanned Payload Delivery Applications
Authors:   US Army Research Lab, Avera Michael
Published: July 2023

Quad-rotors are widely used for unmanned VTOL missions due to simplicity and ease of control. A common civilian and military mission for a UAS is the delivery of small payloads from 5 lbs to 10 lbs. This paper compares the traditional quad-rotor configuration to a quad-rotor biplane and a tiltwing configurations for an unmanned resupply mission using the HYDRA rotorcraft design and analysis code. Physics-based blade weight models and a Finite Element Analysis module for airframe weight estimation are utilized in lieu of empirically derived trends. This analysis provides comparisons of performance, energy consumption, and empty weight breakdowns when each configuration is sized to a fixed mission profile. The two winged designs have around 14% higher payload weight fractions when sized to the same 20lb GTOW mission. The energy required to carry the additional empty weight of wings for the quad-rotor biplane and tailsitter designs is smaller than the energy consumed by the inefficient edgewise rotors of the quad-rotor design which consumes about 2.5 times the energy. Comparisons between the tiltwing and quad-rotor biplane are marginal at 20lb GTOW however at 50lb GTOW, the quad-rotor biplane has higher payload capacity. At 20lb GTOW the quad-rotor biplane has 10x the energy specific delivery productivity than the quad-rotor and about 2x higher than the tiltwing.
Linearly Variable Chord-Extension Morphing for Helicopter Rotor Blades
Authors:   German Aerospace Center (DLR), Majeti Rohin , van Berend , Balzarek Christoph
Published: July 2023

A new morphing concept called linearly variable chord-extension was studied for its effectiveness in improving the efficiency of a helicopter rotor. Apart from chord-extension itself, an additional feature which is deflection of the extended part of the chord resulting in an effective camber and additional twist to the airfoil, is also studied for its effect on rotor efficiency improvement. Trim analyses were carried out for various chord-extended rotors for hover as well as various forward flight velocities using DLR's in-house comprehensive analysis code S4. Chord-extension of up to 100% and chord-extension-deflection of up to 15° were considered. Results show that the linearly variable chord-extension concept is effective in reducing power requirement in both hover and forward flight. Deflection of the extended chord also helps reduce power requirement in hover, especially at higher blade loadings. However, the root torsional moments and hence, the pitch-link loads are seen to increase substantially for the morphed rotors.
Design of Servo-Flap Helicopter Rotor Blades with Forward Swept Wingtips
Authors:   CCSU, Wei Fu-Shang ,   Washington University St. Louis, Peters David
Published: July 2023

Helicopters with performance enhancing aft swept blade wingtips are used for both military and commercial purposes. Up until now, there are no research projects studying helicopter blades with forward swept wingtips. A forward swept blade wingtip generates significant amounts of nose-up aerodynamic pitching moments with respect to the blade feathering axis. For a conventional pitch-horn rotor, this type of control system cannot effectively produce large enough nose-down pitching moments to counteract the nose-up pitching moments generated by the swept portion of the blade. The main goal of this paper is to generate ample nose-down pitching moments via servo-flap aerodynamic action to overcome the swept blade's nose-up pitching moments while maintaining an adequate control safety margin for flight. These nosedown pitching moments depend on (i) the size of the servo-flap, (ii) the distance from the servo-flap pitch axis to blade feathering axis, and (iii) the servo-flap location with respect to the blade. There are three additional reasons for selecting a servo-flap rotor control as the primary control system when designing the blade with forward swept wingtips. (i) The overall blade chordwise center of gravity (c.g.) moves forward due to the forward swept wingtip, resulting in a lighter blade with less ballast weight. (ii) The required aerodynamic downloads on the flap is reduced in flight due to positive blade local angle of attacks generated by the blade's nose-up pitching moments. Positive servo-flap aerodynamics on the flap unloads the main rotor blade required lift and improves the blade flight performance. (iii) The feedback control system incorporated into the existing production blades is used to reduce the flap control requirements and to provide stability for the rotor system in flight. Several numerical examples are investigated to verify the potential blade design with forward swept effect.
Development and Validation of the Rensselaer Multicopter Analysis Code (RMAC): a Physics-Based Comprehensive Modeling Tool
Authors:   Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Niemiec Robert , Gandhi Farhan
Published: July 2023

A comprehensive analysis tool (RMAC) is developed and validated for use on small-scale multi-rotor aircraft. RMAC can model multicopters with arbitrary rotor number, orientation, and position as a 6-DOF rigid-body dynamic system. Several induced-flow models, from momentum-theory to vortex-wake are available for rotor aerodynamic analysis, and rotor dynamics can optionally be modeled using the Hodges-Dowell equations. RMAC is capable of determining trim conditions, as well as generate linear models and provide nonlinear simulation in Simulink. Isolated rotor loads are validated against experimental data, with hover loads predicted as well as the analysis tool CAMRAD II. In forward flight, trends are captured well by RMAC. Predictions of the linear dynamics of the University of Portland Hexacopter are compared against experimental data, with adequate accuracy for the development of linear feedback controllers.
Basic Design Limitations for Urban Electric VTOL Aircraft
Authors:   Aurora Flight Sciences, Cornes Olivier
Published: July 2023

Urban air mobility has the potential to change the face of aeronautics and transporation, which has created a lot of speculation on what the new technology is capable of. The uncertainty is increased by the fact that urban air mobility is a unchartered field of aeronautics and the proposed designs vary significantly, especially because of new technologies such as distributed electric propulsion which give extreme design freedom. However, there exist a short series of simple physical rules that set limits on what can be done in order to meet stringent constraints of urban eVTOLs, such as noise, range, and payload requirements. This work aims at showing these limits, especially with regards to aircraft footprint and noise, and what technological and physical parameters drive these limits. The method employed uses an original but simple mathematical model to size eVTOLs for a variety of missions based on extensive quantities only, such as power required for flight, battery capacity and empty weight fraction. The assembly of these comparatively simple equations reduces down to solving a quartic equation for sizing an aircraft, which is done rapidly and robustly with a current desktop computer, and thus allows for extensive design space exploration. Using this tools, this work investigates the effects of increasing range, payload, and footprint of eVTOL aircraft for urban transportation needs. It is found that the rotor area to footprint ratio should be greater than 0.2 to avoid large mass penalties due to excessive power requirements. Also, smaller footprint vehicle require relatively larger rotors to be feasible. Main drivers for the take-off noise is found to be footprint, whereas improved battery technology has negligible effect on noise.
Optimized Requirements Verification for Flexible Drive Shafts
Authors:   UTAS, King Michael , Schaefer Joyel , Iyer Raghu
Published: July 2023

An optimized design, fabrication and testing solution is presented for flexible drive systems. A single piece welded drive shaft as well as a system consisting of sub and supercritical shafts, couplings and bearing hangers (for Tail Drive System in Helicopters and Interconnect Drive Systems in Tiltrotors) are included. This solution facilitates the qualification for flight of the drive shaft in airframes with reduced iron bird and expensive flight testing on the airframe. This solution also provides opportunities for improvements during the prototype phase such that potential deficiencies are identified and corrected before the drive shaft is put into service. An important part of the testing is accelerated testing, not in terms of operational life, but in terms of reliability. Theoretical Life of a flexible drive shaft is 'infinite' by design.
The Blue Edge - Blade Continuation
Authors:   Airbus Helicopters, Hirsch Jean-François , Alfano David , Cranga Paul , Gareton Vincent , Guntzer Frédéric
Published: July 2023

Airbus is certifying new H160 helicopter, first serial application of the Blue Edge™ rotor system, easily recognizable with its double leading edge swept shape. The reduction of the blade-vortex interaction noise has been the main driver of this design, studied since the 1990s, in collaboration between DLR, ONERA and Eurocopter (since become Airbus). From the project ERATO (Etude d'un Rotor Aéroacoustique Technologiquement Optimisé = aeroacoustically optimized rotor), the Blue Edge™ blade design became the trademark of the last rotor generation whose the history is summarized in Ref. 1. In 2014, a first extrapolation of this type of shape has been developed and tested in the frame of Bluecopter™ demonstrator as described in Ref. 2. The five-bladed bearingless rotor flew on EC135 in order to explore a low tip speed within new optimized eco airfoils and twist distribution. At the same time, new studies of Blue Edge™ design has been performed with other objectives: keeping the shape for the BVI acoustic reduction, multi-objective optimization of airfoils, twist and chord for better aerodynamic performances. This project, internally called PROTEGE (Pale pRincipale écOlogique en composiTe de nouvellE GEneration - New generation of ecological composite blade), flew on H225 demonstrator. The paper presents an overview of the design development of this new blade and the results about the dynamic behavior, the aerodynamic performances and acoustic reduction in various flight conditions. The acquired results bring new elements in the Blue Edge™blade which strengthen the interest of this design for the BVI acoustic reduction.
ARINC 661 Third Party Toolkit User Experience
Authors:   Collins Aerospace, Weaver Jacob , Lam Joel
Published: July 2023

Over the past several years, there has been a trend from airframe vendors to move from procuring federated components (individual control panels and computers) to integrated avionics systems provided by a single vendor. This integration has reduced size, weight, power, and increased the usability of the system for the pilots. These latest cockpits are typically made up of larger displays and integrated controls, including touch screens. This level of integration has significantly increased the difficulty in incorporating third party (OEM and other vendor) mission specific avionics into the cockpit. This is especially noted in military aircraft and rotorcraft, which frequently have needs beyond a typical fixed wing passenger transport aircraft, which have been the baseline of integrated avionics systems (Ref [1]).
The industry has been focused on several different methods to address incorporation of third party mission specific avionics into these highly integrated systems. Initiatives such as Future Airborne Capability Environment (FACE™) (Ref [5]) are joint ventures between industry and the government to solve this evolving issue. Additionally, ARINC 661 has been implemented in such a way to allow the merging of the user interface from multiple software applications into a single, seamless display.
This paper documents Collins Aerospace' experience with providing our ARINC 661 3rd party toolkit to OEMs and OEM selected 3rd party developers to allow development of new "mission" features into highly integrated cockpit systems. A survey was provided to multiple users of this toolkit and the results are documented. From these results, we developed a set of conclusions, both positive and negative, providing lessons learned and recommendations as the industry continues to move towards more 3rd party integration.
Evaluation of Impact Energy Attenuators and Composite Material Designs of a UAM VTOL Concept Vehicle
Authors:   NASA Langley Research Center, Putnam Jacob , Littell Justin
Published: July 2023

The development of Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) vehicles for the Urban Air Mobility (UAM) markets presents a need for light weight vehicle structures with effective occupant protection capabilities. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has been working to fill that need, recently developing a cadre of concept vehicles to help characterize UAM design feasibility. This paper describes a study, using these concept vehicles, to evaluate the use of advanced composite structure and energy attenuating designs in the UAM vehicle design space. A finite element model (FEM) of a single passenger quadrotor concept vehicle was developed in LSDyna® and simulated under nominal and off-nominal vertical impact conditions. A variety of energy attenuating design mechanisms were implemented within this model to quantify their effectiveness in improving occupant safety. The use of carbon composites in both the energy attenuation mechanisms and vehicle structure was evaluated. The results of this study found significant reduction in occupant injury risk with the implementation of energy absorbing composite crush tubes and landing gear within the vehicle design. Additionally the use of a carbon fiber as a structural material was found to provide significant weight reduction while maintaining similar occupant loads to that predicted with an aluminum structure. This work provides a preliminary evaluation of design mechanisms and materials that may be used to optimize occupant protection capabilities within the UAM market.
Augmented-Reality Multimodal Cueing for Obstacle Awareness: Towards a New Topology for Threat-Level Presentation
Authors:   SJSU/NASA/ADD, Miller Joel ,   US Army ADD, Szoboszlay Zoltan , Godfroy-Cooper Martine
Published: July 2023

The improved agility and flight control augmentation of Future Vertical Lift (FVL) aircraft will allow a variety of mission sets, extending the current helicopter reach to new terrains of operations such as high-altitude desert plateau and the urban canyons of megacities. To enable safe operations in degraded visual environments (DVE), the aircraft must be equipped with sensors that address visibility limitations to provide real-time 360° situation awareness (SA). Visual displays present inherent limitations due to partial representation of the threat space, because of their limited field-of-view (FOV) or their 2D exocentric perspective. Spatial auditory displays support a natural, ecologically valent, egocentric representation of space where auditory objects behave realistically in terms of direction, distance, and motion. Tactile displays also support a partial representation of 3D space, although with a lower resolution and typically limited to direction and motion. This paper discusses the recent development and evaluation of a sensor based static-obstacle threat assessment model for a trimodal obstacle avoidance display. The new threat assessment algorithm maps obstacle locations to threat levels in the vicinity of the vehicle and defines a direction-of-flight dependent Threat Space. The speed-dependent evolution of Threat Space is defined using a set of thresholds and linear equation parameters termed the Threat Space Parameters. The present paper reports on the determination of these parameters by four groups of U.S. Army and Navy pilots and the comparison between a stand-alone utility and inflight evaluation. The in-flight sessions were performed as part of the "360 SA" study conducted at the U.S. Army Aeromedical Laboratory (USAARL) and made use of their immersive, full-motion UH60 simulator. The purpose of the 360 SA study was to evaluate the proposed trimodal obstacle avoidance display as an addition to the Integrated Cueing Environment (ICE). The trimodal display suite consists of the ICE Collision Avoidance Symbology (ICECAS) displayed on the Primary Flight Display (PFD), an Integrated Collision Avoidance Display (ICAD) overlaying a panel-mounted terrain display (PMD), an Augmented-Reality Spatial Auditory Display (ARSAD), and the Tactile Situational Awareness System (TSAS). The current threat assessment and trimodal display, and its future evolution, are discussed in the context of pilot cueing synergies for the FVL multi-role platform.
Prediction of AW609 Rotor Loads by Means of Neural Networks
Authors:   Leonardo Helicopters, Favale Marco , Prederi Davide , Trezzini Alberto
Published: July 2023

The effectiveness of using neural networks to predict rotor loads on the AW609 tilt-rotor is proven in this work. The main objective is to find a viable architecture for a neural network simple enough to be implemented in real time, with the aim to have a reliable prediction of rotor loads during telemetry monitoring sessions of flight test operations. The real time comparison of the loads predicted by the neural network with those measured by the aircraft instrumentation can provide immediate hints of incipient anomalies. A simple Feed Forward neural network has been tested, analyzing briefly the pros and cons of such a choice versus other possible architectures. The proposed neural network will estimate the bending loads (beam and chord) and the pitch link axial load, given the parameters that describe the aircraft trim point and how it is maneuvering. Instead of trying to estimate directly the time history of the loads, with all its associated dynamics, an approach based on a harmonic decomposition is here proposed. In particular, the signal is first decomposed in its harmonic components and various neural networks are trained efficiently to predict a single harmonic at a time. The complete time history is then reconstructed a-posteriori by combining all the signals predicted by the different neural networks.
Investigation of Structural Coupling Problems in Tiltrotor Aircraft
Authors:   Politecnico di Milano, Muscarello Vincenzo
Published: July 2023

The paper investigates structural coupling problems in tiltrotor aircraft. A detailed tiltrotor model, representative of the Bell XV-15, has been built. The airframe model has been modified with a thinner wing to better reveal structural coupling proneness. A linearized FCS has been introduced to analyze the overall stability on an extended frequency band, ranging from the flight mechanics up to the aeroelastic modes. In addition to the FCS, biomechanical models of the pilot, acting on the power-lever and on the center stick, are included in feedback loop. Overall stability analyses demonstrate that the FCS improves handling qualities although several structural coupling mechanisms arise, in combination with the involuntary pilot’s response, reducing flutter clearance. A modified version of the XV-15, using differential collective pitch for yaw control in airplane mode, has been also investigated. This configuration reduces costs and weights although the FCS destabilizes the antisymmetric wing chord mode at low speed flight, severely limiting the flight envelope. Means of prevention, based on notch filters, are implemented and discussed.
L’utilizzo dell’Helmet-CPAP nei reparti di pediatria: quali sono le conoscenze degli infermieri? Una survey
Authors: Maffeo Marina , Cortese Martina , Cecchi Luca , Gregorini Mirco , Petronici Alessio , Ciofi Daniele
Published: July 2023

Introduzione: con l’avvento della pandemia da COVID-19 e l’aumento di virus respiratori, si è osservato un incremento dei casi di insufficienza respiratoria acuta, per cui è stato necessario implementare i trattamenti ad alta intensità di cura anche in setting non intensivi. Questa indagine ha l’obiettivo di valutare le conoscenze dei professionisti sanitari e le criticità riscontrate riguardo l’utilizzo del dispositivo Helmet Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (H-CPAP) nei setting extra intensivi pediatrici con lo scopo di predisporre bisogni formativi e strumenti operativi per una gestione ottimale del dispositivo.

Materiali e Metodi: è stata predisposta una survey descrittiva tramite un questionario ad hoc con domande a risposta multipla e aperta al personale sanitario dei reparti di pediatria di un’azienda pediatrica toscana.

Risultati: la maggior parte del campione è favorevole all’uso dell’H-CPAP in reparto e ha acquisito conoscenze sull’utilizzo, ma non si ritiene ancora autonomo nella sua gestione. Le principali criticità riguardano il ridotto numero di dotazione organica, la mancanza di strumentazione adeguata (telemetria) e infine la mancanza di formazione adeguata.

Discussione e conclusioni: l’indagine ha evidenziato l’importanza di implementare corsi di formazione teorici/pratici, assicurare un’organizzazione efficace e un numero di risorse umane adeguate per garantire la massima qualità dell’assistenza.
Molecular evidence and phylogenetic delineation of spotted fever group Rickettsia species in Amblyomma ticks from cattle in Gauteng and Limpopo Provinces, South Africa
Authors: Mhlambo Keneilwe , Iweriebor Benson C , Mkolo Nqobile , Afolabi K O , Obi Larry C
Published: July 2023

Objective:

To determine the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens with a particular focus on Rickettsia spp. in ticks collected from cattle in Gauteng and Limpopo Provinces, South Africa.

Methods:

A total of 200 ticks were collected from cattle within the Madala livestock, Pretoria, Gauteng Province and in Mankweng Township, Polokwane, Limpopo Province in 2019. The ticks were morphologically identified and processed individually for a total genomic DNA extraction. Specific primers targetting ompA, ompB, and the 17KDa genes were used for a molecular screening and delineation of Rickettsia from the extracted genetic materials using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. PCR amplicons of positive samples were sequenced bidirectionally using the Sanger sequencing method. Sequences generated were processed and analysed using appropriate bioinformatics software.

Results:

The ticks were morphologically identified as Amblyomma spp. PCR profiling of the genomic DNA samples revealed the presence of the Rickettsia pathogen in 42 (21%) of the ticks collected from both Provinces. Out of the genes profiled, 14 (7%) were positive for 17KDa, 42 (21%) for ompA and 32 (16%) were positive for ompB genes respectively. The nucleotide blast of the sequenced genomes showed high similarity, as high as 100% with other reference Rickettsia (R.) africae in the GenBank. The phylogenetic analysis of the sequences further validated them as R. africae with their characteristic clustering pattern with related reference sequences.

Conclusions:

There is an abundance of R. africae in Amblyomma ticks collected from cattle in the study areas. This has serious public health implications as individuals who accidentally get infested with the ticks could acquire R. africae. Hence, adequate precautions in terms of sensitization of farmers about the risk and mass mobilization drive to control the vectors in the areas are highly recommended to safeguard public health.
Processing speed test and 30-day readmission in elderly non-cardiac surgery patients- A retrospective study
Authors: Maheshwari Kamal , Yalcin Esra Kutlu , Wang Dong , Mascha Edward J. , Rosenfeldt Anson , Alberts Jay L. , Turan Alparslan , Sessler Daniel I. , Cummings III Kenneth C.
Published: July 2023

Background and Aims:

Preoperative cognitive function screening can help identify high-risk patients, but resource-intensive testing limits its widespread use. A novel self-administered tablet computer-based Processing Speed Test (PST) was used to assess cognitive “executive” function in non-cardiac surgery patients, but the relationship between preoperative test scores and postoperative outcomes is unclear. The primary outcome was a composite of 30-day readmission/death. The secondary outcome was a collapsed composite of discharge to a long-term care facility/death. Exploratory outcomes were 1) time to discharge alive, 2) 1-year mortality and 3) a collapsed composite of postoperative complications.

Methods:

This retrospective study, after approval, was conducted in elective non-cardiac surgery patients ≥65 years old. We assessed the relationship between processing speed test scores and primary/secondary outcomes using multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounding variables.

Results:

Overall 1568 patients completed the PST, and the mean ± standard deviation test score was 33 ± 10. The higher PST score is associated with better executive function. A 10-unit increase in the test score was associated with an estimated 19% lower 30-day readmission/death odds, with an odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.81 (0.68, 0.96) (P = 0.015). Similarly, 10-unit increase in test score was associated with an estimated 26% lower odds of long-term care need/death, with OR (95% CI) of 0.74 (0.61, 0.91) (P = 0.004). We also found statistically significant associations between the test scores and time to discharge alive and to 1-year mortality, however, not with a composite of postoperative complications.

Conclusion:

Elderly non-cardiac surgery patients with better PST scores were less likely to be readmitted, need long-term care after discharge or die within 30 days. Preoperative assessment of cognitive function using a simple self-administered test is feasible and may guide perioperative care.
The Identity of Places of Worship as a Means of Spiritualism and Political Propaganda in Indonesia
Authors: Kusmanto Heri , Regif Surya Yudha , Ohorella Noviawan Rasyid , Noorikhsan Faisal Fadilla , Nasution Lydia Nurhasanah
Published: July 2023

Indonesia has a unique and diverse religious landscape, with differences in religious life due to the spread of religion assimilated by local culture. This study aims to explain the identity of places of worship as a means of spiritualism in Indonesia. In addition, how are places of worship also possibly a means of disseminating political propaganda. This study used a literature review research methodology through data collection techniques involving reviewing books, relevant literature in academic writings, notes, and various reports related to the article theme of Identity of Places of Worship as a Means of Spiritualism and Political Propaganda in Indonesia. It is known that a place of worship is a gathering place for people who seek to practice their beliefs and their faith, therefore such facilities are vital for inter alia, various religious practices and beliefs to be exercised. However, this maybe different if the existence of a place of worship is used as a means of practical political propaganda dissemination. Places of worship can have two sides of interest, namely first, places of worship are an effective means of spiritualism and spirituality for adherents of religions in self-healing related to psychological and divine values. Spiritualism is the metaphysical belief that the world is comprised of at least two fundamental substances, matter and spirit. There is of course also spirituality which connotes that people recognize and have a feeling or sense or belief that there is something greater than oneself, and thus a lot more to being human than only sensory experiences, and especially that the greater whole of which people are part and parcel, is in essence cosmic or divine in nature. Second, places of worship may also often be abused and used as a means of political propaganda spreading which is carried out intentionally and consciously to strengthen the intention of a political attitude or is an opinion desired by certain parties or even politicians.