bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neonatal COVID-19 in French Guiana, a Case-Control study.
Authors: Elenga Narcisse , Marie-Josephine Wandji , Siban Julie , Nacher Mathieu , Demar Magalie
Published: January 2021

BackgroundThis study aims to assess the risk of transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS COV-2) to newborns in the context of breastfeeding practice as part of routine care.MethodsIn this prospective study, we identified neonates born between May 14th and August 31st, 2020, to mothers who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 at the time of delivery. From the cohort of 974 deliveries, we performed a nested case-control study. ResultsDuring the study period, 133 (13.7%) were positive by RT‐PCR for SARS‐CoV‐2. Among the 35 pregnant women with symptomatic COVID-19 (26.3%), cough was the most common symptom, occurring in half of the cases. Among them, 3 developed fever as other symptoms during hospitalization and 4 have progressed to critical pneumonia requiring transfer to intensive care unit. Among the neonates born from mothers with positive RT‐PCR for SARS‐CoV‐2, 32 were tested for SARS-COV-2 at 48 hours-7 days. Of them, 3 asymptomatic neonates tested positive. There were no significant differences in fetal distress, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, preterm birth, and neonatal asphyxia between the two groups Most infants were breastfed at birth, regardless of their mothers' COVID-19 status. In COVID-19-positive pregnant women admitted to intensive care unit, the proportion of preterm births ( OR=12.5 [1.7-90.5]), fetal death in utero (OR=25.9 [2.2-305]) and admission in neonatal intensive care unit admission (OR=13.4 [3.0-60]), appeared higher than the controls. No maternal deaths were recorded.ConclusionsOur data suggest that under breastfeeding conditions with rigorous hygiene precautions and parental education, the risk of vertical transmission of the SARS-COV-2 virus is unlikely.
Improving malaria preventive practices and pregnancy outcomes through a health education intervention: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: BALAMI AHMED DAHIRU , Said Salmiah Muhammad , Zulkefli Nor Afiah Muhammad , Norsa’adah Bachok , AUDU BALA MUHAMMAD
Published: January 2021

BackgroundThe prevalence of malaria in pregnancy and its complications, remain very high in Nigeria. This study aimed to determine the effects of a malaria health educational intervention based on the information-motivation-behavioural skills (IMB) model on malaria preventive practices and pregnancy outcomes. MethodsThe study was a randomized controlled parallel-group study, where 372 randomly selected antenatal care attendees were randomly assigned to one of either two groups after collecting baseline data. The intervention group then received a four-hour health education intervention in Hausa language, which was developed based on the IMB model, while the control group received a similarly designed health education on breastfeeding. Follow up data were then collected from the participants at a first (two months post-intervention) and second (four months post-intervention) follow up, and at the end of their pregnancies. ResultsFor both groups, reported ITN use had increased from baseline (Intervention: Often – 14.0%, Almost always – 9.1; Control: Often – 12.4%; Almost always 16.1%) to the time of second follow up (Intervention: Often – 28.10%, Almost always – 24.5; Control: Often – 17.2%; Almost always 19.5%). Reported IPTp uptake at second follow up was also higher for the intervention group (Intervention: Two doses – 59.0%, Three doses 22.3%; Control group: Two doses – 48.4%, Three doses – 7.0%). The drop in the haematocrit levels was greater for the control group (32.42% to 30.63%) compared to the intervention group (33.09% to 31.93%). The Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) analysis revealed that the intervention had significantly improved reported ITN use, reported IPTp uptake, and haematocrit levels, but had no significant effect on the incidence of reported malaria diagnosis or babies’ birth weights. ConclusionsThe intervention was effective in improving ITN use, IPTp uptake, and haematocrit levels. It is, therefore, recommended for the modules to be adopted and incorporated into the routine antenatal care programmes in health centres with predominantly Hausa speaking clients.
Clinical decision support system RHINA in the diagnosis and treatment of acute or chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Hart Libor , Polášková Alexandra , Schalek Petr
Published: January 2021

Background: Rhinosinusitis is an inflammation of the sinonasal cavity which affects roughly one in seven people per year. Upper respiratory tract infection (RTI) is mostly, apart from allergic etiology, caused by a viral infection and, in some cases (0.2 - 2 %), by a bacterial superinfection. Antibiotics, indicated only in rare cases according to EPOS guidelines, are nevertheless prescribed in more than 80% of ARS cases, which increases the resistant bacterial strains in the population. Methods: We have designed a clinical decision support system (CDSS), RHINA, based on a web application created in HTML 5, using JavaScript, jQuery, CCS3 and PHP scripting language. The presented CDSS RHINA helps general physicians to decide whether or not to prescribe antibiotics in patients with rhinosinusitis.Results: In a retrospective study of a total of 1,465 patients with rhinosinusitis, the CDSS RHINA presented a 90.2% consistency with the diagnosis and treatment made by the ENT specialist. Conclusion: Patients assessed with the assistance of our CDSS RHINA would decrease the over-prescription of antibiotics, which in turn would help to reduce the bacterial resistance to the most commonly prescribed antibiotics.
Using augmented reality technology for balance training in the elderly. A feasibility pilot study
Authors: Blomqvist Sven , Seipel Stefen , Engström Maria
Published: January 2021

BackgroundImpaired balance leading to falls is common in the elderly, and there is strong evidence that balance training reduces falls and increases independence. Reduced resources in health care will result in fewer people getting help with rehabilitation training. In this regard, the new technology augmented reality (AR) could be helpful. With AR, the elderly can receive help with instructions and get feedback on their progression in balance training. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the feasibility of using AR-based visual-interactive tools in balance training of the elderly.MethodsSeven elderly participants (66-88 years old) with impaired balance trained under supervision of a physiotherapist twice a week for six weeks using AR-based visual-interactive guidance, which was facilitated through a Microsoft HoloLens holographic display. Afterwards, participants and physiotherapists were interviewed about the new technology and their experience of the training. Also, fear of falling and balance ability were measured before and after training. ResultsFive participants experienced the new technology as positive in terms of increased motivation and feedback. Experiences were mixed regarding the physical and technical aspects of the HoloLens and the design of the HoloLens application. Participants also described issues that needed to be further improved, for example, the training program was difficult and monotonous. Further, the HoloLens hardware was felt to be heavy, the application's menu was difficult to control with different hand manoeuvres, and the calibration took a long time. Suggestions for improvements were described. Results of the balance tests and self-assessment instruments indicated no improvements in balance performance after AR training.ConclusionsThe study showed that training with the new technology is, to some extent, feasible for the elderly, but needs further development. Also, the technology seemed to stimulate increased motivation, which is a prerequisite for adherence to training. However, the new technology and training requires further development and testing in a larger context.
“I was tricked”: Understanding reasons for unintended pregnancy among sexually active adolescent girls
Authors: Ajayi Anthony Idowu , Odunga Sally Atieno , Oduor Clement , Ouedraogo Ramatou , Ushie Boniface Ayanbekongshie , Wado Yohannes Dibaba
Published: January 2021

Background: While the Kenya government is mobilizing high-level strategies to end adolescent pregnancy by 2030, a clear understanding of drivers of early unintended pregnancy in the country is a necessary precursor. In this study, we determine the prevalence, associated factors, and reasons for unintended pregnancy among sexually active adolescent girls (aged 15-19 in two Kenya counties with the highest rate of teenage pregnancy. Methods: We used the “In Their Hands” (ITH) program's baseline evaluation data. The study adopted a mixed-methods design with 1110 sexually active adolescent girls in the quantitative component and 19 girls who were either pregnant or nursing a child in the qualitative. We used adjusted and unadjusted logistic regression to model factors associated with unintended pregnancy among respondents. We used a thematic analysis of qualitative data to examine girls’ reasons for having unintended pregnancy. Results: Overall, 42% of respondents have had an unintended pregnancy; however, higher proportions were observed among girls who were 19 years (49.4%), double orphans (53.6%), never used contraceptive (49.9%), out-of-school (53.8%), and married (55.6%). After adjusting for relevant covariates, the odds of unintended pregnancy were higher among girls who resided in rural areas (AOR:1.64, 95% CI:1.22-2.20), had primary or no formal education (AOR:1.50 95% CI:1.11-2.02), and had never used contraceptive (AOR:1.69 95% CI-1.25-2.29) compared with their counterparts. Current school attendance was associated with a 66% reduction in the probability of having an unintended pregnancy. Participants of the qualitative study stated that the desire to maintain a relationship, poor contraceptive knowledge, misinformation about contraceptive side effects, and lack of trusted mentors were the main reasons for their unintended pregnancies.Conclusion: A massive burden of unintended pregnancy exists among sexually active adolescent girls in the study setting. Adolescent boys and girls need better access to sexuality education and contraceptives in the study setting to reduce early unintended pregnancy.
Is There a Health Inequality in Gambling Related Harms? A Systematic Review
Authors: Raybould Jodie , Larkin Michael , Tunney Richard
Published: January 2021

Background: Here we present a systematic review of the existing research into gambling harms, in order to determine whether there are differences in the presentation of these across demographic groups such as age, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status, or gambling behaviour categories such as risk severity and participation frequency. Primary and Secondary Outcome Measures: Inclusion criteria were: 1) focus on gambling harms; 2) focus on harms to the gambler rather than affected others; 3) discussion of specific listed harms and not just harms in general terms. Exclusion criteria were: 1) research of non-human subjects; 2) not written in English; 3) not an empirical study; 3) not available as a full article. Methods: We conducted a systematic search using the Web of Science and Scopus databases in August 2020. Assessment of quality took place using Standard Quality Assessment Criteria. Results: A total of 59 studies published between 1994 and 2020 met the inclusion criteria. These were categorised into thematic groups for comparison and discussion. There were replicated differences found in groups defined by age, socioeconomic status, education level, ethnicity and culture, risk severity, and gambling behaviours. Conclusion: Harms appear to be dependent on specific social, demographic and environmental conditions that suggests there is a health inequality in gambling related harms. Further investigation is required to develop standardised measurement tools and to understand confounding variables and co-morbidities. With a robust understanding of harms distribution in the population, Primary Care Workers will be better equipped to identify those who are at risk, or who are showing signs of Gambling Disorder, and to target prevention and intervention programmes appropriately.
Community and healthcare providers’ perceptions of quality of private sector outpatient malaria care in North-western Ethiopia: a qualitative study
Authors: Argaw Mesele Damte , Mavundla Thandisizwe Redford , Gidebo Kassa Daka
Published: January 2021

BackgroundsMalaria is one of the most important public health problems in Ethiopia contributing to significant patient morbidity and mortality. Prompt diagnosis and effective malaria case management through public, private and community health facilities has been one of the key malaria prevention, control and elimination strategies. The objective of this study was to evaluate adult malaria patients and healthcare providers’ perception of the quality of malaria management at private sector outpatient facilities.

MethodsAn exploratory, descriptive, contextual and qualitative research methodology was conducted with 101 participants ( 33 in-depth interviews (INIs) and ten focus group discussions (FGDs) with 68 participants). All interview and focus group discussions were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed, using eight steps of Tesch (1990).

Results
During data analysis a single theme, two categories and six sub-categories emerged, namely (1) perceived quality of malaria management at outpatient facilities; (a) essential resources; (a1) safe outpatient services; (a2) anti-malaria drugs and supplies; (a3) health workers; (b) factors influencing service utilisation; (b1) physical accessibility; (b2) “art of care’’; and (b3) efficient malaria diagnosis and treatment services. Both FGDs and INIs participants had a positive perception of the quality of malaria outpatient services at private health facilities. The positive perceptions include safe and clean facility; availability of supplies and comprehensive services; convenient working hours; short waiting hours and motivated, competent and compassionate health workers. However, some participants raised their safety concerns due to perceived poor infection control practices, small working areas, interruption of antimalaria supplies and inefficient malaria diagnosis and treatment services.
Conclusion Both community members and healthcare providers had more positive perceptions towards outpatient malaria services offered at private health facilities. However, positive behaviour must be maintained and concerns must be dealt with by enhancing functional public private partnership for malaria care services to improve private sector malaria case management; build the service providers’ capacity; ensure uninterrupted anti-malaria supplies and empower the community with early health seeking behaviour.
Comparative chloroplast genomes: insights into the evolution of the chloroplast genome of Camellia sinensis and the phylogeny of Camellia
Authors: li LI , Hu Yunfei , He Min , Zhang Bo , Wu Wei , Cai Pumo , Huo Da , Hong Yongcong
Published: January 2021

Background: Chloroplast genome resources can provide useful information for the evolution of plant species. Tea plant (Camellia sinensis) is among the most economically valuable member of Camellia. Here, we determined the chloroplast genome of the first natural triploid Chinary type tea (‘Wuyi narcissus’ cultivar of Camellia sinensis var. sinensis, CWN) and conducted the genome comparison with the diploid Chinary type tea (Camellia sinensis var. sinensis, CSS) and two types of diploid Assamica type teas (Camellia sinensis var. assamica: Chinese Assamica type tea, CSA and Indian Assamica type tea, CIA). Further, the evolutionary mechanism of the chloroplast genome of Camellia sinensis and the relationships of Camellia species based on chloroplast genome were discussed.Results: Comparative analysis showed the evolutionary dynamics of chloroplast genome of Camellia sinensis were the repeats and insertion-deletions (indels), and distribution of the repeats, indels and substitutions were significantly correlated. Chinese tea and Indian tea had significant differences in the structural characteristic and the codon usage of the chloroplast genome. Analysis of sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) using sequences of the intergenic spacers (trnE/trnT) showed none of 292 different Camellia sinensis cultivars had similar sequence characteristic to triploid CWN, but the other four Camellia species did. Estimations of the divergence time showed that CIA diverged from the common ancestor of two Assamica type teas about 6.2 Mya (CI: 4.4-8.1 Mya). CSS and CSA diverged to each other about 0.8 Mya (CI: 0.4-1.5 Mya). Moreover, phylogenetic clustering was not exactly consistent with the current taxonomy of Camellia.Conclusions: The repeat-induced and indel-induced mutations were two important dynamics contributed to the diversification of the chloroplast genome in Camellia sinensis, which were not mutually exclusive. Chinese tea and Indian tea might have undergone different selection pressures. Chloroplast transfer occurred during the polyploid evolution in Camellia sinensis. In addition, our results supported the three different domestication origins of Chinary type tea, Chinese Assamica type tea and Indian Assamica type tea. And, the current classification of some Camellia species might need to be further discussed.
Reconstructing the household transmission of influenza in the suburbs of Tokyo based on clinical cases
Authors: Saito Masaya Masayoshi , Hirotsu Nobuo , Hamada Hiroka , Takei Mio , Honda Keisuke , Baba Takamichi , Hasegawa Takahiro , Kitanishi Yoshitake
Published: January 2021

BackgroundInfluenza is a public health issue that needs to be addressed strategically. The assessment of detailed infectious profiles is an important part of this effort. Household transmission data play a key role in estimating such profiles. We used diagnostic and questionnaire-based data on influenza patients at a Japanese clinic to estimate the detailed infectious period (as well as incubation period, symptomatic and infectious periods, and extended infectious period after recovery) and the secondary attack ratio (SAR) of influenza for households of various sizes based on a modified Cauchemez-type model.ResultsThe data were from enrolled patients with confirmed influenza who were treated at the Hirotsu Clinic (Kawasaki, Japan) with a neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI) during six northern hemisphere influenza seasons between 2010 and 2016. A total of 2,342 outpatients, representing 1,807 households, were included. For influenza type A, the average incubation period was 1.43 days (95% probability interval: 0.03-5.32 days). The estimated average symptomatic and infective period was 1.76 days (0.33-4.62 days); the extended infective period after recovery was 0.25 days. The estimated SAR rose from 20% to 32% as household size increased from 3 to 5. For influenza type B, the average incubation period, average symptomatic and infective period, and extended infective period were estimated as 1.66 days (0.21-4.61), 2.62 days (0.54-5.75) and 1.00 days, respectively. The SAR increased from 12% to 21% as household size increased from 3 to 5.ConclusionAll estimated periods of influenza type B were longer than the corresponding periods for type A. However, the SAR for type B was less than that for type A. These results may reflect Japanese demographics and treatment policy. Understanding the infectious profiles of influenza is necessary for assessing public health measures.
A hybrid approach for chronic pancreatitis: combination of laparoscopic assisted distal pancreatectomy and open Frey procedure
Authors: Saito Kenta , Matsuo Yoichi , Ueda Goro , Omi Kan , Hayashi Yuichi , Imafuji Hiroyuki , Tsuboi Ken , Morimoto Mamoru , Ogawa Ryo , Takahashi Hiroki , Naitoh Itaru , Hayashi Kazuki , Kataoka Hiromi , Takiguchi Shuji
Published: January 2021

Background: The treatment of chronic pancreatitis requires a surgical approach in patients refractory to medical therapy. During surgical treatment, ductal decompression is required, but a pancreatectomy is necessary for some patients, such as those with severe stenosis of the pancreatic duct. Importantly, inadequate procedures lead to recurrent pancreatitis. We used a laparoscopic approach by hybrid approach for patients with severe stenosis of the pancreatic duct. In this report, we aim to present the feasibility and outcomes of our approach. Methods: We selected a laparoscopic approach for the distal pancreatectomy because these parts are relatively safe and the effect of reducing the length of the wound is substantial. We selected an open approach for Frey procedure because complete ductal compression has a high risk for injury to the vessels posterior to the pancreas. We examined operative outcomes, postoperative complications and recurrence of pancreatitis.Results: Our approach was performed in three patients from January 2018 to December 2018. There were no major intraoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo classification Ⅲa or more) and the postoperative course was uneventful in all patients. There were no recurrence of pancreatitis and no postoperative pain in all patients in the over two years follow-up. Conclusion: Our hybrid method focusing on complete ductal compression with safety and minimal invasiveness might be the optimal approach for the surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis which requires a pancreatectomy with the Frey procedure.
Using techno-economic modelling to determine the minimum cost possible for a microbial palm oil substitute
Authors: Karamerou Eleni E. , Parsons Sophie , McManus Marcelle C. , Chuck Christopher
Published: January 2021

Background Heterotrophic single cell oils (SCOs) are one potential replacement to lipid derived biofuels sourced from first generation crops such as palm oil. However, despite a large experimental research effort in this area, there are only a handful of techno-economic modelling publications. As such, there is little understanding of whether SCOs are, or could ever be, a potential competitive replacement. To help address this question we designed a detailed model that coupled a hypothetical heterotroph (using the very best possible biological lipid production) with the largest and most efficient chemical plant design possible.Results Our base case gave a lipid selling price of $1.81 / kg for ~8,000 tonnes / year production, that could be reduced to $1.20 /kg on increasing production to ~48,000 tonnes of lipid a year. A range of scenarios to further reduce this cost were then assessed, including using a thermotolerant strain (reducing the cost from $1.20 /kg to $1.15 /kg), zero cost electricity ($ 1.12/kg), using non-sterile conditions ($1.19 / kg), wet extraction of lipids ($1.16 / kg), continuous production of extracellular lipid ($0.99 /kg) and selling the whole yeast cell, including recovering value for the protein and carbohydrate ($0.81 /kg). If co-products were produced alongside the lipid then the price could be effectively reduced to $0, depending on the amount of carbon funnelled away from lipid production, as long as the co-product could be sold in excess of $1/kg. Conclusions The model presented here represents an ideal case that which while not achievable in reality, importantly would not be able to be improved on, irrespective of the scientific advances in this area. From the scenarios explored, it is possible to produce lower cost SCOs, but research must start to be applied in three key areas, firstly designing products where the whole cell is used. Secondly, further work on the product systems that produce lipids extracellularly in a continuous processing methodology or finally that create an effective biorefinery designed to produce a low molecular weight, bulk chemical, alongside the lipid. All other research areas will only ever give incremental gains rather than leading towards an economically competitive, sustainable, microbial oil.
Obesity and Clinical Severity in Patients With Covid-19: A Scoping Review Protocol
Authors: Costa Marcela Larissa , Souza Carlos Adriano Santos , Silva Ana Caroline Cardoso , Santos Dayane Franciely Conceição , Nonato Edilene Fernandes , Santana Francismayne Batista , Dias Giselle dos Santos , Barreto Jessyca Teles , Costa Laís Santos , Costa Maria Carolina Barros , Ferreira Tamila das Neves , Santana Jeniffer Santos , Netto Raquel Simões Mendes , Nascimento Tereza Virgínia Silva Bezerra do , Nunes Marco Antônio Prado , de Souza Márcia Ferreira Cândido
Published: January 2021

Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 strain, was first identified in late 2019 in China. The outcomes of patients affected by the virus can worsen, developing acute respiratory failure and other serious complications, especially in older individuals and people with obesity and comorbidities. Thus, obese patients tend to have a more severe course of COVID-19. Thus, this review aims to synthesize the evidence in the literature that associates COVID-19 and the severity of clinical outcomes in infected obese patients. Methods: This protocol was designed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols Statement. Scientific and gray literature will be systematically selected from PubMed/MEDLINE, Latin American Literature in Health Sciences, Online Scientific Electronic Library, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane. The selection of articles will be limited to studies published in English, Portuguese, and Spanish from December 2019 onwards. The main clinical outcomes will be clinical severity in obese patients with COVID-19 as tachypnea (respiratory rate, ≥30 breaths per minute), hypoxemia (oxygen saturation, ≤93%), the ratio of the partial pressure of arterial oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen, <300), lung infiltrate (>50% of the lung field involved within 24–48 h), diagnosis of the severe acute respiratory syndrome, need of invasive mechanical ventilation, and mortality. Two reviewers will independently screen all citations, full-text articles, and abstract data. Selection bias will be minimized by excluding studies published before December 2019. Conflicts will be resolved through a third reviewer and consensus-building. Moreover, findings will be reported using narrative synthesis and tabulation of the summaries. Discussion: Given the need for early detection of the possible implications and treatment for patients with obesity diagnosed with COVID-19, the scoping review will be useful to capture the state of the current literature, identify the gaps, and make recommendations for future research for directing the conduct and optimization of therapies in these patients by the multiprofessional teams.Scoping review registration: Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/xrkec
Exploring the Consequences of Early Marriage among Kurdish Women: A Qualitative Study in Western Iran
Authors: Solhi Mahnaz , Azar Farbod Ebadi Fard , Farahani Farideh Khalajabadi , Lebni javad Yoosefi
Published: January 2021

Background: Early marriage is one of the most important social issues for young women, which can have many consequences. Therefore the present study aimed to explore the consequences of early marriage among Kurdish women in western Iran.Methods: This qualitative study was conducted with the approach of conventional content analysis among Iranian Kurdish women who were married under the age of 18. The data were saturated through semi-structured interviews with 30 women selected by purposeful sampling. Data analysis was performed by Graneheim and Lundman’s method.Results: A total of 389 codes, 12 subcategories, 4 sub-categories, and 2 main categories were extracted from data analysis. Negative consequences of early marriage include 1- Physical and psychological problems (high-risk pregnancy and childbirth, physical illnesses, depression, and emotional distress), 2- Family problems (dissatisfaction with married life, Experience of having lots of responsibility, lack of independence in family life), 3. Social problems (social deviance, deprivation of social and health services, social isolation, deprivation of job, and educational opportunities) and positive consequences include receiving intra- family support, improving living conditions, and opportunities for progress and empowerment.Conclusions: It is possible to reduce problems and challenges after early marriage by increasing the awareness and knowledge of young women about contraceptives, providing appropriate social and health facilities and services during pregnancy. Providing the necessary training and psychological counseling for them and their husbands on how to deal with personal problems and marital life will be effective to a great extent.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Understanding of Probiotics Among Pediatricians in Different Regions of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Hasosah Mohammed , Qurashi Mansour , Balkhair Abdullah , Alzahrani Ziyad , Alabbasi Abdullah , Alzahrani Muhanad , Alnahdi Wejdan , Shafei Sohaib , Bafaqih Malak , Khan Muhammad A
Published: January 2021

BackgroundProbiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit upon the host. Knowledge and attitudes of health professionals have been reported to be at a medium level for probiotics. The objective was to evaluate the knowledge and practice styles about probiotics among pediatricians working in different regions of Saudi Arabia.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted at pediatric hospitals in Saudi Arabia. A national survey of 550 pediatric providers (PPs) was conducted between January and March 2020 anonymously on their knowledge and practice styles regarding probiotics, and it was completed by pediatric residents (PRs), pediatric specialist (PSs), pediatric consultants (PCs), and pediatric gastroenterologists (PGs). Results The survey had a response rate of 82%. Among the respondents, 57.7% were aware of the probiotic’s definition. There were significant differences in the percentage of participants who had little knowledge of probiotics (P<0.05), with the highest being PRs and the lowest being PGs. The most common probiotic used by all participants was Lactobacillus acidophilus (63.3%), and Mycobacterium avium was prescribed the least often (8.6%). Most PRs and PSs correctly reported that probiotics reduce the risk of antibiotic-induced diarrhea (74.9% and 80.2%, respectively), but there were no significant differences among them. ConclusionsSignificant differences in knowledge and practice patterns exist for probiotics. Identification of knowledge gaps may be useful to develop educational materials to improve the proper definition, knowledge, and use of probiotics.
Analysing the effectiveness of topical bleeding care following tooth extraction in patients receiving dual antiplatelet therapy-retrospective observational study
Authors: Lewandowski Bogumił , Myszka Aleksander , Migut Małgorzata , Czenczek-Lewandowska Ewelina , Brodowski Robert
Published: January 2021

BackgroundPatients using antiplatelet drugs following infarctions, acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or stroke pose a significant clinical problem if it is necessary to perform surgery, including dental surgery, since they are at risk of prolonged or secondary post-extraction bleeding. Discontinuation of this therapy is associated with a high risk of serious thromboembolic complications. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of TachoSil fibrin-collagen patches in stopping and preventing of secondary post-extraction bleeding in patients undergoing chronic antiplatelet therapy.MethodsThe study was conducted through retrospective examination of the medical records of 153 patients using chronic antiplatelet therapy and those qualified for tooth extraction. The largest group comprised 74 patients using aspirin and clopidogrel as dual platelet antiaggregation therapy; in this group 75 tooth extractions were carried out. In all of the patients TachoSil fibrin-collagen patches and stiches were applied to the wounds resulting from tooth removal. ResultsFollowing tooth extraction, primary bleeding was stopped in all the patients and their wounds closed via coagulation within 20-30 minutes. In eight cases, accounting for 4.9% of the patients, secondary bleeding occurred and was successfully stopped only by applying a pressure dressing soaked in tranexamic acid. Secondary bleeding occurred in three patients on the second day and in five patients on the third day following tooth removal. ConclusionTopical application of TachoSil patches following tooth removal in patients using single or dual antiplatelet therapy effectively stopped bleeding and prevented secondary bleeding after tooth extraction.
The efficacy of different extrapleural fixations in upper-posterior thoracoplasty in fibrous cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis patients
Authors: Belov S. A. , Grigoryuk A. A.
Published: January 2021

The objective of the study: to compare the efficacy of different modifications of thoracoplasty in patients with apical fibrous cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis.

Subjects and methods. The article describes the analysis of the results of thoracoplasty in 65 fibrous cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis patients performed from 2016 to 2019. Three types of thoracoplasty were used: thoracoplasty with polypropylene mesh, osteoplastic thoracoplasty, and traditional thoracoplasty. The results were assessed by the severity of intraoperative trauma, development of bronchopulmonary complications, lack of compression, and healing of cavities.

Results. No significant difference in the degree of intraoperative injury was found when comparing three types of thoracoplasty (p > 0.05). Clinical and X-ray examinations of patients in 3 weeks after surgery revealed that in thoracoplasty with a polypropylene mesh, the frequency of bronchopulmonary complications and lack of compression was lower than in other types of thoracoplasty (p < 0.05). Using the patient's own tissues for extrapleural fixation, especially with large cavities, results in a significant decrease in the thoracoplasty efficacy.
BEHIND A MASCULINE SPACE: THE EXPERIENCES OF WOMEN IN MALE-DOMINATED ENVIRONMENTS IN THE STATE OF QATAR
Authors:   Research Adviser., Felipe A. Alicante Kriztianpery , Will G. Calbang Aaron ,   Research Adviser., Angelo R. Gamboa Ej ,   Research Adviser., V. Garcia Daniel ,   Research Adviser., Lorhen B. Hermoso Thed ,   Research Adviser., Denise L. Bautista Krisha ,   Research Adviser., Aaron G. Fauni Alexandra ,   Research Adviser., Mikaela V. Herrera Maria ,   Research Adviser., S. Marinas Evelyn ,   Research Adviser.
Published: January 2021

Background: The experiences of women, especially those in male-dominated environments in Qatar, may either be positive or negative. It is an arising topic in the 21st century to hopefully remediate gendered barriers and acknowledge womens struggles in the workplace. Method: This research utilizes a qualitative approach specifically, it uses the phenomenological approach to deeply understand the participants experiences, which are Filipina workers who are working in male-dominated environments. The phenomenology aims to answer the central question: What are the experiences of Filipina migrant workers in a male-dominated profession?. The researchers used 25 semi-structured interview questions to obtain the data needed, transcribing, and analyzing the studys themes. Findings: Findings show that we can categorize the lived experiences of Filipina workers in male-dominated environments into four main themes: Cultural Adaptation, Foreign Circumstances, Work Difficulties, and Professional Adjustments. Women in male-dominated environments face various challenges however, these challenges are vital in helping women adapt to their work environment and succeed. Conclusion:Women have been eradicating gender norms and are fighting to normalize treating men and women as equals in the workforce, despite these gendered barriers. Recommendation:The paper recommends interviewing female migrant workers with diverse nationalities and focusing on females specific work and working status in different male-dominated institutions.
MYTHS, ATTITUDE AND HEALTH SEEKING BEHAVIOR REGARDING MENTAL ILLNESS: SYNOPSIS OF ARTICLE REVIEW
Authors:   Peoples College of Nursing and Research Centre, Bhopal, M.P., S. Nair Minu
Published: January 2021

Mental Health is an important aspect of health. It includes emotional, social and psychological well being , nurturing mental health helps to prevent mental health issues to a great extent. Mental health greatly influences the quality of life just like physical health. In low- and middle-income countries, more than 75% of people with mental, neurological and substance-use disorders receive no treatment for their condition - due to stigma, discrimination, harsh legislation and human-rights issues. Mental health does not enjoy the parity as that of physical health. The objective of the review is to determine the myths ,attitude and health seeking behavior prevalent among people across the globe. Therefore the studies from 2001 to 2020 are collected and reviewed.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CLINICAL LEADERSHIP OF NURSE AND THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PATIENT SAFETY CULTURE AT NURUL HASANAH HOSPITAL
Authors:   Akademi Keperawatan Columbia Asia Medan., Saragih Sontina , a Yusnaini ,   STIKes Nurul Hasanah Kutacane.
Published: January 2021

The quality of health services is the main focus in health service facilities, especially hospitals. A patient safety culture can improve quality and patient safety. Nurse clinical leadership was identified as one of the supporting factors for the successful application of a patient safety culture. This study aims to analyze the relationship between clinical leadership of nurses and the application of a patient safety culture at Nurul Hasanah Hospital. This type of research is descriptive correlational analytic with cross sectional approach.The population in this study were all nurses at Nurul Hasanah Hospital with a total sampling technique of 62 nurses. The results showed that most of the respondents with good clinical leadership (53.2%), most of the application of a good patient safety culture (66.1%) and there was a significant relationship between the clinical leadership of nurses and the application of a patient safety culture (p-value = 0.043). So it can be concluded that the application of a good patient safety culture can be realized by the optimal clinical leadership abilities of nurses. Therefore, the support of the hospital managerial is very important to support the clinical leadership competence of nurses in realizing the achievement of a patient safety culture through both formal and non-formal education.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FAMILY INSTRUMENTAL SUPPORT AND MENTAL READINESS OF PREGNANT WOMEN IN FACING PREGNANCY DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors:   STIKes Nurul Hasanah Kutacane., Syahradesi Yessy , Lestari Fika ,   Akademi Kebidanan Nurul Hasanah., Andriani Dina ,   STIKes Nurul Hasanah Kutacane., Arma Nuriah ,   Institut Kesehatan Helvetia., Ramini Novy ,   Institut Kesehatan Helvetia., b Yusnaini ,   STIKes Nurul Hasanah Kutacane.
Published: January 2021

Pregnancy is a physiological process that can affect womens lives both positively and negatively. The condition of the Covid-19 pandemic is a threat to pregnant women in maintaining their health. The psychological impact will make pregnant women less mentally prepared. Pregnant women have mental readiness because of the support from their families. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between family instrumental support and mental readiness of pregnant women in facing pregnancy during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research method is a descriptive correlational analytic study with a cross sectional approach. The results showed that statistically there was a significant relationship between family instrumental support and the mental readiness of pregnant women in facing pregnancy during the Covid-19 pandemic. The results of this study provide several recommendations for the Head of the Puskesmas to implement policies by providing counseling on the support that families can provide to pregnant women, especially instrumental support. The head of the Puskesmas can also organize a family support development program for pregnant women according to the current pandemic conditions.
INTERNAL ENDOSCOPIC URETHROTOMY FOR URETHRAL STRICTURES : EVALUATION OF RESULTS AND INFLUENZATING FACTORS
Authors: Ndiaye Modou , Seck Ndour Ndiaga , Gaye Omar , Hadji Malick Diaw El , Mack Thiam Ngor , Sow Ousmane , Ndiath Abdoulaye , Traore Aboubacry , Thiapato Faye Samba , Dabo Ousmane , Sarr Alioune , Sine Babacar , Ze Ondo Cyrille , Sow Yaya , Diao Babacar , Khassim Ndoye Alain
Published: January 2021

Objective: To describe the clinical aspects of urethral strictures managed internal endoscopic urethrotomy (IEU) and to evaluate the outcomes and factors on success rate. Patients and methods:This is a retrospective, descriptive, analytical and monocentric 2-year study of patient records with an IEU indicated for urethral stricture. The parameters studied were: age, history of endo-urethral maneuvers, clinical symptomatology,etiologies, strictures characteristics and outcomes. The outcomes were appreciated by the quality of the voiding jet and the outcomes of the control rÃƒÂ©trograde urethrocystography.. Results:Sixty patients were included. The mean age was 50Ã‚Â±19.3 years old. An history endo-urethral was found in 38.3% of patients. The mean of consultation time was 20.7Ã‚Â±30.7 months. Dysuria was the most common reason for consultation. The most common etiologies were those of infectious and iatrogenic. The bulbar seat was predominant. The mean of length was 0.9Ã‚Â±0.5cm. After the mean delay of 14.5 Ã‚Â± 6.9 months, the overall success rate was 60%. Per and postoperative complications were dominated by retention of urine. The outcomes showed that there was no significant correlation between age, previous treatment, etiology, seat, length, number of strictures, and outcome. Conclusion:The IEU gives a good results if the indication is well posed. Seat, length, single or multiple character, etiology and history of endo-urethral maneuvers do not affect the outcomes.
Atención a población migrante: dinámicas gubernamentales y de la cooperación internacional en Cartagena, 2017 - 2020
Authors: Morales Sierra Ana Lucía , Valiente Julio , Blanco Rangel Ibelis
Published: January 2021

El siguiente artículo busca analizar las dinámicas del gobierno local, nacional y la cooperación internacional en la atención a la población migrante proveniente de Venezuela en la ciudad de Cartagena. Para este fin, se utilizó una metodología mixta donde se realizó una revisión documental y doce entrevistas semiestructuradas a migrantes, funcionarios de instituciones de gobierno local y organismos de cooperación internacional. 
Este análisis permitió observar que la ciudad carece de experticia y capacidad institucional para brindar atención a la población proveniente de Venezuela. Esta carencia logra que los organismos y agencias de cooperación internacional presentes en el territorio, jueguen un papel importante en la implementación de acciones dirigidas a esta población.
Por lo anterior, se propone una estrategia de comunicación e información que fortalezca los procesos de articulación entre el gobierno local y la cooperación internacional, de tal manera que las acciones que se implementen permitan una atención pertinente y con enfoque de derechos para los migrantes provenientes de Venezuela.
Palabras claves: Migración; Venezuela; Migrante Económico; Cooperación, ODS, Cartagena.
Positive leadership and organizational identification: Mediating roles of positive emotion and compassion
Authors: Ko Sung-Hoon , Choi Yongjun
Published: January 2021

This study examined the effect of positive leadership experienced by employees on their organizational identification and the mechanisms through how positive leadership enhances organizational identification. Despite the importance of positive leadership at work, such as increasing the followers’ positive self-concepts at work, our understanding of the mechanisms through how positive leadership leads to employees’ organizational identification is still in a nascent state. Thus, this study addresses the research gap by investigating the mediating roles of compassion and positive emotions in the relationship between positive leadership and organizational identification. This study used path analysis and bootstrapping to analyze the survey data collected from 312 full-time employees in 10 large-sized companies located in South Korea. The path analysis results confirmed that positive leadership increases employees’ organizational identification. Furthermore, positive leadership enhances compassion and positive emotions at work, which, in turn, leads to higher organizational identification. Most importantly, the bootstrapping results revealed that both compassion and positive emotion mediate the positive relationship between positive leadership and organizational identification. The empirical results broaden the understanding of the mechanisms through how positive leadership could bring positive effects at work, such as employee organizational identification. Thus, from the managerial perspective, organizations could emphasize the importance of positive leadership at work, and provide the managers with opportunities to develop their positive leadership.
Characteristics of patients with psoriatic arthritis treated with ustekinumab. Evidence from real-life clinical practice
Authors: Korsakova Yu. L. , Loginova E. Yu. , Gubar E. E. , Korotaeva T. V.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic immunoinflammatory disease characterised by involvement of the skin, nail plates, joints, spine and entheses in the inflammatory process. The IL-12/IL-23 inhibitor ustekinumab (UST) is increasingly being used in psoriasis (Ps) and PsA.

Aim of the study. To analyze patients with PsA who were under inpatient treatment in the V.A. Nasonova Scientific Research Institute of Rheumatology and Radiology and who were prescribed UST during the period from 2018 to 2020.

Material and methods. UST was administered to 17 patients with PsA (9 women and 8 men), mean age was 46.4 ± 11.3 years. Duration of PsA course was 11 ± 10.5 years. Patients underwent clinical, laboratory and instrumental examination, BSA and PASI, DAPSA and BASDAI indices were determined.

Results. Patients predominantly had widespread Ps (BSA 18.2 ± 15.9%). Erosive arthritis was present in 94.1% of patients, and sacroiliitis was detected in 100% of patients. PsA activity was high (DAPSA = 44.9 ± 20.9, BASDAI = 6.2 ± 1.5).

94% of patients had two or more comorbidities. Circulatory system diseases were observed in 82.4% of patients, liver diseases in 29.5%, gastrointestinal diseases in 47%, endocrine system diseases in 17.6%, viral hepatitis C in 23.5%, latent tuberculosis infection in 17.6%, and joint surgery was performed in 11.2% of patients. The clinical example presented in the article demonstrates good tolerability of UST in a patient with PsA with a number of comorbidities and the possibility to increase the dose of UST from 45 to 90 mg in case of ineffective therapy.

Conclusions. The safety profile of UST is good, and it can be administered to patients with cardiovascular diseases, obesity, various infections, including latent tuberculosis, etc.