bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Coke Ratio on the Sintering Behavior of High-Chromium Vanadium-Titanium Magnetite
Authors: Yang Songtao , Zhou Mi , Tang Weidong , Jiang Tao , Xue Xiangxin , Zhang Weijun
Published: June 2017

High-chromium vanadium and titanium magnetite (HCVTM) sinter has poor properties. The coke ratio has an important effect on the behavior of HCVTM sintering as it affects the mineral phases in the high-chromium vanadium and titanium sinter (HCVTS) via changing the sintering temperature and atmosphere. In this work, the sintering behavior of HCVTM mixed with varying coke ratios was investigated through sintering pot tests, X-ray diffraction (XRD), gas chromatographic analysis, and mineral phase analysis. The results show that, with the increase of the coke ratio from 4.0% to 6.0%, leading to the increase of the combustion ratio of the flue gas, the vertical sintering rate and sinter productivity decrease. Meanwhile, with the change of the coke ratio, the content of magnetite, silicate, and perovskite increase, while the hematite and calcium ferrite decrease. In addition, the tumble strength and reduction ability of HCVTS decrease, and its degradation strength increase. It was found that the appropriate coke ratio for the sintering process was 5.0 wt %.
Synthesis and In Vitro Anti-Influenza Virus Evaluation of Novel Sialic Acid (C-5 and C-9)-Pentacyclic Triterpene Derivatives
Authors: Han Xu , Si Long-Long , Shi Yong-Ying , Fan Zi-Bo , Wang Shou-Xin , Tian Zhen-Yu , Li Man , Sun Jia-Qi , Jiao Ping-Xuan , Ran Fu-Xiang , Zhang Yong-Min , Zhou De-Min , Xiao Su-Long
Published: June 2017

The emergence of drug resistant variants of the influenza virus has led to a great need to identify novel and effective antiviral agents. In our previous study, a series of sialic acid (C-2 and C-4)-pentacyclic triterpene conjugates have been synthesized, and a five-fold more potent antiviral activity was observed when sialic acid was conjugated with pentacyclic triterpene via C-4 than C-2. It was here that we further reported the synthesis and anti-influenza activity of novel sialic acid (C-5 and C-9)-pentacyclic triterpene conjugates. Their structures were confirmed by ESI-HRMS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopic analyses. Two conjugates (26 and 42) showed strong cytotoxicity to MDCK cells in the CellTiter-Glo assay at a concentration of 100 μM. However, they showed no significant cytotoxicity to HL-60, Hela, and A549 cell lines in MTT assay under the concentration of 10 μM (except compound 42 showed weak cytotoxicity to HL-60 cell line (10 μM, ~53%)). Compounds 20, 28, 36, and 44 displayed weak potency to influenza A/WSN/33 (H1N1) virus (100 μM, ~20–30%), and no significant anti-influenza activity was found for the other conjugates. The data suggested that both the C-5 acetylamide and C-9 hydroxy of sialic acid were important for its binding with hemagglutinin during viral entry into host cells, while C-4 and C-2 hydroxy were not critical for the binding process and could be replaced with hydrophobic moieties. The research presented herein had significant implications for the design of novel antiviral inhibitors based on a sialic acid scaffold.
Albumin and Hyaluronic Acid-Coated Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Loaded with Paclitaxel for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Vismara Elena , Bongio Chiara , Coletti Alessia , Edelman Ravit , Serafini Andrea , Mauri Michele , Simonutti Roberto , Bertini Sabrina , Urso Elena , Assaraf Yehuda , Livney Yoav
Published: June 2017

Super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) were augmented by both hyaluronic acid (HA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA), each covalently conjugated to dopamine (DA) enabling their anchoring to the SPION. HA and BSA were found to simultaneously serve as stabilizing polymers of Fe3O4·DA-BSA/HA in water. Fe3O4·DA-BSA/HA efficiently entrapped and released the hydrophobic cytotoxic drug paclitaxel (PTX). The relative amount of HA and BSA modulates not only the total solubility but also the paramagnetic relaxation properties of the preparation. The entrapping of PTX did not influence the paramagnetic relaxation properties of Fe3O4·DA-BSA. Thus, by tuning the surface structure and loading, we can tune the theranostic properties of the system.
Use of Chitosan-PVA Hydrogels with Copper Nanoparticles to Improve the Growth of Grafted Watermelon
Authors: González Gómez Homero , Ramírez Godina Francisca , Ortega Ortiz Hortensia , Benavides Mendoza Adalberto , Robledo Torres Valentín , Cabrera De la Fuente Marcelino
Published: June 2017

Modern agriculture requires alternative practices that improve crop growth without negatively affecting the environment, as resources such as water and arable land grow scarcer while the human population continues to increase. Grafting is a cultivation technique that allows the plant to be more efficient in its utilization of water and nutrients, while nanoscale material engineering provides the opportunity to use much smaller quantities of consumables compared to conventional systems but with similar or superior effects. On those grounds, we evaluated the effects of chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel with absorbed copper nanoparticles (Cs-PVA-nCu) on leaf morphology and plant growth when applied to grafted watermelon cultivar ‘Jubilee’ plants. Stomatal density (SD), stomatal index (SI), stoma length (SL), and width (SW) were evaluated. The primary stem and root length, the stem diameter, specific leaf area, and fresh and dry weights were also recorded. Our results demonstrate that grafting induces modifications to leaf micromorphology that favorably affect plant growth, with grafted plants showing better vegetative growth in spite of their lower SD and SI values. Application of Cs-PVA-nCu was found to increase stoma width, primary stem length, and root length by 7%, 8% and 14%, respectively. These techniques modestly improve plant development and growth.
Pharmacy Practice and Education in Bulgaria
Authors: Petkova Valentina , Atkinson Jeffrey
Published: June 2017

Pharmacies in Bulgaria have a monopoly on the dispensing of medicinal products that are authorized in the Republic of Bulgaria, as well as medical devices, food additives, cosmetics, and sanitary/hygienic articles. Aptekari (pharmacists) act as responsible pharmacists, pharmacy owners, and managers. They follow a five year Masters of Science in Pharmacy (M.Sc. Pharm.) degree course with a six month traineeship. Pomoshnik-farmacevti (assistant pharmacists) follow a three year degree with a six month traineeship. They can prepare medicines and dispense OTC medicines under the supervision of a pharmacist. The first and second year of the M.Sc. Pharm. degree are devoted to chemical sciences, mathematics, botany and medical sciences. Years three and four center on pharmaceutical technology, pharmacology, pharmacognosy, pharmaco-economics, and social pharmacy, while year five focuses on pharmaceutical care, patient counselling, pharmacotherapy, and medical sciences. A six month traineeship finishes the fifth year together with redaction of a master thesis, and the four state examinations with which university studies end. Industrial pharmacy and clinical (hospital) pharmacy practice are integrated disciplines in some Bulgarian higher education institutions such as the Faculty of Pharmacy of the Medical University of Sofia. Pharmacy practice and education in Bulgaria are organized in a fashion very similar to that in most member states of the European Union.
Paper as Active Layer in Inkjet-Printed Capacitive Humidity Sensors
Authors: Gaspar Cristina , Olkkonen Juuso , Passoja Soile , Smolander Maria
Published: June 2017

An inkjet-printed relative humidity sensor based on capacitive changes which responds to different humidity levels in the environment is presented in this work. The inkjet-printed silver interdigitated electrodes configuration on the paper substrate allowed for the fabrication of a functional proof-of-concept of the relative humidity sensor, by using the paper itself as a sensing material. The sensor sensitivity in terms of relative humidity changes was calculated to be around 2 pF/RH %. The response time against different temperature steps from 3 to 85 °C was fairly constant (about 4–5 min), and it was considered fast for the aimed application, a smart label.
Age Spreads and the Temperature Dependence of Age Estimates in Upper Sco
Authors: Fang 方其 Qiliang 亮 , Herczeg 沈雷 Gregory J. 歌 , Rizzuto Aaron
Published: June 2017

Past estimates for the age of the Upper Sco Association are typically 11–13 Myr for intermediate-mass stars and 4–5 Myr for low-mass stars. In this study, we simulate populations of young stars to investigate whether this apparent dependence of estimated age on spectral type may be explained by the star formation history of the association. Solar and intermediate mass stars begin their pre-main sequence evolution on the Hayashi track, with fully convective interiors and cool photospheres. Intermediate-mass stars quickly heat up and transition onto the radiative Henyey track. As a consequence, for clusters in which star formation occurs on a timescale similar to that of the transition from a convective to a radiative interior, discrepancies in ages will arise when ages are calculated as a function of temperature instead of mass. Simple simulations of a cluster with constant star formation over several Myr may explain about half of the difference in inferred ages versus photospheric temperature; speculative constructions that consist of a constant star formation followed by a large supernova-driven burst could fully explain the differences, including those between F and G stars where evolutionary tracks may be more accurate. The age spreads of low-mass stars predicted from these prescriptions for star formation are consistent with the observed luminosity spread of Upper Sco. The conclusion that a lengthy star formation history will yield a temperature dependence in ages is expected from the basic physics of pre-main sequence evolution, and is qualitatively robust to the large uncertainties in pre-main sequence evolutionary models.
Les Journées de l’économie,
Authors: Le Merrer Pascal
Published: June 2017

« La grande mise à jour » était le thème général des Journées de l’économie (Jéco) 2016. On ne peut en effet ignorer que « le monde est devenu différent ». Une autre économie se dessine, où les frontières entre l’industrie et les services s’estompent, où le travail humain est confronté à l’essor de la robotisation, où la coordination des activités ne peut se résumer à un choix entre le marché et l’État, où les logiques de coopération et de concurrence s’interpénètrent, où de nouveaux acteurs s’imposent, en particulier avec les plateformes numériques. Ira-t-on vers une économie du bien commun, notion qui recouvre des réalités très mouvantes ?
Il était une fois une bulle de crédit en Chine...
Authors: Besançon Yves
Published: June 2017

Premier contributeur à la croissance mondiale, l’empire du Milieu est devenu un élément central du dynamisme de l’économie mondiale et de la stabilité monétaire et financière internationale. Si le ralentissement de l’économie chinoise de ces dernières années ne trompe aujourd’hui plus personne sur son caractère structurel, la Chine pourra-t-elle alors vraiment contrôler, dans les années à venir, l’énorme bulle de crédit qui s’y développe depuis 2008, provoquée par la relance massive par l’investissement décidée par Pékin au lendemain de la crise des subprimes  ? Dans l’hypothèse où elle n’y parviendrait pas, quels sont les risques de déstabilisation de l’économie mondiale liés à un éclatement mal régulé de la bulle de crédit chinoise ?
La théorie tue-t-elle ?
Authors: Chateau Dominique
Published: June 2017

La théorie exerce-t-elle une sorte de contrôle axiologique, en plus du contrôle épistémologique ? Cela concerne, entre autres, la valeur que peut revendiquer la théorie en tant que théorie, en tant que faire de la théorie est un rôle social. Pour approfondir cet aspect, il vaut mieux opposer la pratique plutôt que le fait à la théorie, s’agissant de son statut pratique. Que se passe-t-il quand une Professeure de sémiotique des médias tue pour la théorie ? Cette question dramatise le propos, mais nous renvoie en même temps à la communication pratique ordinaire. C’est en effet le thème de l’épisode 20, intitulé A Space Oddity , de la saison 9 des Experts, Las Vegas ( Crime Scene Investigation Las Vegas ).
Ce que l’art fait à la mémoire : le renouvellement éthique de l’appropriation du temps humain
Authors: Touboul Patricia
Published: June 2017

Les esthétiques contemporaines nous ont habitués à penser que la valeur formelle d’un objet d’art n’était pas seulement formelle et que l’attention esthétique n’excluait ni l’intérêt cognitif ni l’émotion morale. Du côté de l’art, on a également observé ces dernières décennies un refus des distinctions trop catégoriques (forme/contenu ; fait/ valeur ; art/vie ; esthétique/cognitif/ émotionnel), en même temps qu’un retour à une pratique ouvertement orientée vers la vie éthique. Aussi, dans un contexte social où les discours et les images médiatiques brouillent la perception du réel et de la mémoire, l’art cherche-t-il, par l’invention d’un autre langage et par le retour à la rhétorique dont l’histoire scientifique s’est défaite, à susciter la fonction imaginaire de la mémoire, en construisant une relation esthétique et critique aux lieux de notre histoire. Cette recherche apparaît notamment dans le travail d’Ernest Pignon-Ernest, Christian Boltanski, Sophie Calle, Pascal Convert, Anne et Patrick Poirier, Arno Gisinger ou Jochen Gerz, dont les œuvres ne se situent pas hors du monde mais au contraire prennent pied dans l’histoire, la mémoire collective et la réalité sociale, pour en explorer les failles et permettre au public une appropriation plus authentique de sa propre existence éthique et sociale.
La création littéraire et la production culturelle de l’arabité
Authors: Gonzalez-Quijano Yves
Published: June 2017

Résumé Chronique / Arabologies
Le premier visage
Authors: Doppelt Suzanne
Published: June 2017

Résumé L’ombre d’une forme
Comment c’était, Juliette avant Roméo ?
Authors: Lata Marion
Published: June 2017

Résumé À propos des « prequels »
Dicommencer, par A B C
Authors: Rabau Sophie
Published: June 2017

Résumé Variation
A case of the evil eye in Genesis 16:4-5: A social-scientific perspective
Authors: Kotze Zacharias
Published: June 2017

The nature and function of Evil Eye Belief and Practice (EEBP) in the world of the Old Testament has been understudied. The majority view has been that the belief was limited to the notion of largesse in this collection of literature. This article demonstrated that the idiom  םינעב  ללק in Genesis 16:4-5, routinely interpreted as a metaphor for scorn on the part of Hagar, could in fact be interpreted as a linguistic vehicle for the concept of the malevolent eye of Sarai. The author argued for an interpretation wherein Sarai, driven by envy, accused Hagar of casting the evil eye on her and used this alleged transgression as an excuse to abuse her slave. The evil eye in the Old Testament was not restricted to the idea of generosity, but was also closely associated with the concept of envy, as has been the case in the majority of ancient and modern cultures in which EEPB has featured. It further confirmed that the social function of the evil eye in the ancient world was not only constrained to the avoidance of envy-related violence but also served as an instrument of oppression in the hands of the rich and privileged. The key method utilised in this study was the social-scientific approach to the interpretation of biblical literature.
Quotients of Essentially Euclidean Spaces
Authors: Figiel Tadeusz , Johnson William
Published: June 2017

A precise quantitative version of the following qualitative statement is proved: If a finite-dimensional normed space contains approximately Euclidean subspaces of all proportional dimensions, then every proportional dimensional quotient space has the same property.
Mensajes e imágenes en el turismo promocional: un recurso didáctico en ELE
Authors: Muñoz Medrano María Cándida
Published: June 2017

Sin duda alguna, el turismo constituye en España un valor cultural y económico que reclama una atención especial desde la comunidad científica y educativa y, en concreto, desde el aprendizaje de ELE. En este trabajo nos acercamos a un mundo apasionante con la finalidad de poner de relieve su potencial como recurso didáctico que puede ser explotado desde diversas perspectivas, y que enriquece en gran medida la enseñanza y el aprendizaje del español. En un primer momento y a modo de introducción abordamos algunas de sus características generales como lenguaje para fines específicos. A continuación, nos concentramos en las campañas turísticas de Turespaña y sus reclamos publicitarios, exponentes muy llamativos. Hacemos un recorrido cultural a partir de algunas de las imágenes que desde los años cuarenta se han utilizado oficialmente para atraer a los turistas e invitarles a visitar nuestro país. Después se analizan una serie de reclamos publicitarios, piezas únicas de alto contenido persuasivo y motivador, dando a conocer los rasgos más sobresalientes que pueden ser explotados didácticamente: rasgos culturales, lingüísticos, discursivos y pragmáticos. Todos ellos pensados y estructurados de una manera determinada con la finalidad de causar sorpresa, interés y misterio a quienes entren en contacto con ellos.
L2 Reading: Strategies and Gender Preferences in the Foreign Language Classroom
Authors: Peart Silvia M.
Published: June 2017

La comprensión lectora en una L2 y el desarrollo de estrategias que fomenten el progreso en la adquisición de la lengua extranjera de los estudiantes son fundamentales para los aprendices y los profesores. A partir de las recientes investigaciones sobre estrategias de lectura y género, este artículo analiza las tendencias existentes y emergentes sobre el uso de estrategias específicas de lectura en relación con las preferencias de género, y se proponen recomendaciones pedagógicas que abordan las necesidades de cada género manteniendo el salón de clase equilibrado y libre de sesgos de género.
Volume Home Building: The Provision of Sustainability Information for New Homebuyers
Authors: Warren-Myers Georgia , McRae Erryn
Published: June 2017

The new residential housing sector is producing approximately 200,000 homes a year that could benefit from methods to increase sustainability and energy efficiency. Currently, there is limited implementation of sustainability measures beyond mandatory minimum requirements in Australia. New homebuyers are often the scapegoats for the poor sustainability adoption due to their perceived lack of interest and willingness to pay. However, their knowledge and engagement in sustainability is likely to be strongly guided by information provided by the volume builders. This paper investigates the sustainability information that homebuyers are provided by builders, as communicated through their websites. Web searching as an important means of information gathering in the preliminary stages of the process for new homebuyers. This paper reports on the analysis of Australia’s Home Industry Association’s top 100 volume builders’ websites and their provision of sustainability information. The results suggest the lack of sustainability-related information provided by builders is contributing to disengagement by consumers in the sustainability features available in new homes.
Towards a Coherent Theory of Project Alliancing: Discovering the System’s Complex Mechanisms Yielding Value for Money
Authors: Lahdenperä Pertti
Published: June 2017

Alliancing is a relatively new construction project delivery method receiving increasing interest globally while also eliciting many questions about its effectiveness. That is why its operating logic should be clarified beyond the currently existing general views. Correspondingly, this paper aims to define the means and mechanisms which influence the capacity of alliancing to produce value for money. The work establishes the interlaced impact chains between formal basic solutions of alliancing and the key result areas defining the value-for-money ratio. This is made by focussing on a single alliance project and its procedural solutions and experiences. The case project of the study was an urban road tunnel under a city structure and the impact chains were explored by interviewing all eight members of the alliance leadership team covering all contracting parties. The two-stage personal interviews were conducted in accordance with the systematic modelling procedure resulting in eight cognitive maps which were then combined into a group map. The resulting model included around one hundred interlinked concepts initially, but was streamlined for the paper. Accordingly, alliancing offers a concrete framework which gives better than normal chances of success in the case of complex, challenging projects fraught with much uncertainty. Many diverse basic alliance solutions/features contribute to success, while each feature also seems to strengthen the impact of the others. This suggests that, at its best, pure project alliance is not only a coherent but also a holistic solution to challenging projects.
Assessing the effectiveness of a longitudinal knowledge dissemination intervention: Sharing research findings in rural South Africa
Authors: Twine Rhian , Kahn Kathleen , Lewando Hundt Gillian
Published: June 2017

Knowledge dissemination interventions (KDIs) are integral to knowledge brokerage activities in research as part of the ethics of practice, but are seldom evaluated. In this case study, we critically reflect on an annual KDI as part of knowledge brokerage activities in the MRC/Wits-Agincourt Unit health and demographic surveillance system (HDSS) in rural South Africa from 2001 to 2015. The HDSS findings on births, deaths and migrations, as well as nested research project results, were shared with villagers, village leaders and service providers. The data used for this case study comprised secondary analysis of 13 reports and 762 evaluation forms of annual village-based meetings; records of requests for data from stakeholders; and qualitative analysis of 15 individual and five focus group interviews with local leaders and service providers involving 60 people. Over time, the KDI evolved from taking place over one week a year to being extended over six months, and to include briefings with service providers and local leaders. Attendance at village-level meetings remained low at an average of 3 per cent of the total adult population. Since 2011, the KDI village-based meetings have developed into an embedded community forum for discussion of topical village issues. There has been a decrease in requests for health-care and other services from the research unit, with a concurrent increase in research-related questions and requests for data from service providers, village leaders and political representatives. We conclude that, in this setting, the dissemination of research findings is not a linear exchange of information from the researchers to village residents and their leadership, but is increasingly multi-directional. KDIs are a key component of knowledge brokerage activities and involve, influence and are influenced by other aspects of knowledge brokerage, such as identifying, engaging and connecting with stakeholders and supporting sustainability.
Puentes UC: A bridge between university and society
Authors: Irarrázaval Ignacio , Tello Cristóbal , Valdivieso Gonzalo
Published: June 2017

Universities have contributed to society in different ways. Public contributions constitute not only an opportunity to create public value in society, but also to strengthen the comprehensive education of students. The university's public contribution involves the creation of opportunities to link the available technical capacity with those real needs that can be adressed by the university.Puentes (meaning 'bridge') UC is a program at the Catholic University of Chile, created in 2002. It has established a succesful model to link the university with local government, allowing students to develop academic projects that address pressing public challenges, as well as develop useful products for local government management.The Puentes UC model of professional facilitation assists local governments to filter their demands, identifying those that present an appropriate opportunity for student involvement. Subsequently, Puentes UC invites students to develop projects which address these demands as part of their courses, internships or theses, and supports them during the execution of their projects. The program's management model works to ensure that local government receive useful technical proposals, and students benefit from a satisfying educational experience.To date, 2,747 projects have been carried out in 23 municipalities, with the participation of 17,504 students and more than 300 academics.The Puentes UC model, originally conceived of as a means to work with local governments near the university's campus, has been extended to rural municipalities in other regions of the country, and to new public institutions such as the Gendarmería (Chile's penitentiary service). The potential of this linking model has thus been demonstrated, and can be applied in new realms of cooperation between the university and society.This article describes in detail the Puentes UC model, and its historical evolution. It then discusses outcomes and achievements, both for university and municipality, and provides some examples of completed projects. The final section analyses the most important learnings and challenges for the program.
Modelling geomagnetically induced currents in midlatitude Central Europe using a thin-sheet approach
Authors: Bailey Rachel L. , Halbedl Thomas S. , Schattauer Ingrid , Römer Alexander , Achleitner Georg , Beggan Ciaran D. , Wesztergom Viktor , Egli Ramon , Leonhardt Roman
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) in power systems, which can lead to transformer damage over the short and the long term, are a result of space weather events and geomagnetic variations. For a long time, only high-latitude areas were considered to be at risk from these currents, but recent studies show that considerable GICs also appear in midlatitude and equatorial countries. In this paper, we present initial results from a GIC model using a thin-sheet approach with detailed surface and subsurface conductivity models to compute the induced geoelectric field. The results are compared to measurements of direct currents in a transformer neutral and show very good agreement for short-period variations such as geomagnetic storms. Long-period signals such as quiet-day diurnal variations are not represented accurately, and we examine the cause of this misfit. The modelling of GICs from regionally varying geoelectric fields is discussed and shown to be an important factor contributing to overall model accuracy. We demonstrate that the Austrian power grid is susceptible to large GICs in the range of tens of amperes, particularly from strong geomagnetic variations in the east–west direction.
Interactions between nocturnal turbulent flux, storage and advection at an “ideal” eucalypt woodland site
Authors: McHugh Ian D. , Beringer Jason , Cunningham Shaun C. , Baker Patrick J. , Cavagnaro Timothy R. , Mac Nally Ralph , Thompson Ross M.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. While the eddy covariance technique has become an important technique for estimating long-term ecosystem carbon balance, under certain conditions the measured turbulent flux of CO2 at a given height above an ecosystem does not represent the true surface flux. Profile systems have been deployed to measure periodic storage of CO2 below the measurement height, but have not been widely adopted. This is most likely due to the additional expense and complexity and possibly also the perception, given that net storage over intervals exceeding 24 h is generally negligible, that these measurements are not particularly important. In this study, we used a 3-year record of net ecosystem exchange of CO2 and simultaneous measurements of CO2 storage to ascertain the relative contributions of turbulent CO2 flux, storage, and advection (calculated as a residual quantity) to the nocturnal CO2 balance and to quantify the effect of neglecting storage. The conditions at the site are in relative terms highly favourable for eddy covariance measurements, yet we found a substantial contribution (∼ 40 %) of advection to nocturnal turbulent flux underestimation. The most likely mechanism for advection is cooling-induced drainage flows, the effects of which were observed in the storage measurements. The remaining ∼ 60 % of flux underestimation was due to storage of CO2. We also showed that substantial underestimation of carbon uptake (approximately 80 gC m−2 a−1, or 25 % of annual carbon uptake) arose when standard methods (u∗ filtering) of nocturnal flux correction were implemented in the absence of storage estimates. These biases were reduced to approximately 40–45 gC m−2 a−1 when the filter was applied over the entire diel period, but they were nonetheless large relative to quantifiable uncertainties in the data. Neglect of storage also distorted the relationships between the CO2 exchange processes (respiration and photosynthesis) and their key controls (light and temperature respectively). We conclude that the addition of storage measurements to eddy covariance sites with all but the lowest measurement heights should be a high priority for the flux measurement community.
Acquisition Planning and Language Acquisition by Indonesian Four-year Old Children
Authors: Surbakti Imam , Situmorang Khairani Hayat
Published: June 2017

This study aims at describing of acquisition planning and language acquisition by four-year old children. The objectives of this study were to find out the characteristics of Indonesian language acquisition of four-year old children who study at kindergarten and who do not ones and acquisition planning in the kindergarten. To achieve the objectives, this study was conducted by applying qualitative research. It is a kind of multi-case study. The subjects of this study were the children who study in the kindergarten and who do not ones. And the objects of this research were the utterances which contained characteristics of language acquisition uttered by the children and the implementation of acquisition planning in a kindergarten. The data were collected by using content analysis technique. The data were analyzed based on the theory of characteristics of language acquisition and the interview was conducted to get the answer of how the kindergarten school implements the acquisition planning. Based on the results of this study, the children’s utterances that study in kindergarten is better than children who don’t study, in their language development and have more vocabulary and can use them more appropriately compared to the chidren who only stayed at home as the effect of the acquisition planning applied in the kindergarten.
Effects of Text Elaboration on Korean Reading Comprehension
Authors: Kong Dong-Kwan
Published: June 2017

This study investigates the effects of input modification on L2 Korean reading comprehension. A total of 160 participants were randomly assigned to one of five conditions: baseline (B), simplified (SP), lexically elaborated (LE), structurally elaborated (SE), or lexically and structurally elaborated (LSE) version of texts. Comprehension was assessed by a multiple-choice test with three question types: synthesis, replication, and inference. In addition, a questionnaire for perceptive comprehension was administered. The test data were analyzed by a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a least significant difference (LSD) test. The results were as follows: (a) simplified input promoted Korean as a second language students' reading comprehension, although the results were not statistically significant; (b) elaborated input enhanced the reading comprehension with degrees of difference among elaboration types; (c) the effects of simplification were not significantly different from those of elaboration; (d) different text modification types assisted students' degree of comprehension processing differently measured by the scores of reading comprehension on different question types; (e) students' perceived comprehension was well reflected on their scores of reading comprehension. The perceived comprehension of all the modification type groups (LSE, SE, LE, and SP) was significantly higher than those of the B version group.
Specialized Reference Services at Illinois: Reference Transactional Analysis and Its Implications for Service Providers and Administrators
Authors: Lenkart Joe , Yu Jen-chien
Published: June 2017

As reference service environments continue to evolve, service providers and administrators are encountering numerous challenges and opportunities. This article examines the specialized reference services at the University of Illinois. Using reference transactional data from two academic years (69,630 transactions), this study focuses on five specialized service points and two general service points. Moreover, this study analyzed READ Scale scores, duration of the transaction, question type, and subject area covered during these transactions.
Promoting international collaboration and creativity in doctoral students
Authors: Groen Christopher M , McGrath Cormac , Campbell Katherine A , Götherström Cecilia , Windebank Anthony J , Landázuri Natalia
Published: June 2017

Staff from the Mayo Clinic in the US and the Karolinska Institute in Sweden describe a joint transatlantic course intended to broaden the horizons of the next generation of researchers in the field of regenerative medicine.
Retracted: miR‐188 promotes senescence of lineage‐negative bone marrow cells by targeting MAP3K3 expression
Authors: Zheng Yue , Liu Hua , Kong Ye
Published: June 2017

Lineage‐negative bone marrow cells (lin‐BMCs) have reparative potential for overcoming endothelial dysfunction and reducing cardiovascular risk. Here, we found that miR‐188 is upregulated and mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3 (MAP3K3) is downregulated in aged lin‐BMCs, whereas their expression is reversed in young lin‐BMCs. We identified and confirmed MAP3K3 as a direct target of miR‐188. MiR‐188 overexpression or MAP3K3 silencing in young lin‐BMCs increases p16 and p21 expression, enhances cell senescence, and decreases the ability for cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation. Conversely, miR‐188 suppression in aged lin‐BMCs yields the opposite results. We further found that MAP3K3 is involved in miR‐188–induced promotion of lin‐BMC senescence. All data reveal that miR‐188 induces lin‐BMC senescence by targeting MAP3K3 expression, thus, providing new theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Evaluation of deep moonquake source parameters: Implication for fault characteristics and thermal state
Authors: Kawamura Taichi , Lognonné Philippe , Nishikawa Yasuhiro , Tanaka Satoshi
Published: June 2017

While deep moonquakes are seismic events commonly observed on the Moon, their source mechanism is still unexplained. The two main issues are poorly constrained source parameters and incompatibilities between the thermal profiles suggested by many studies and the apparent need for brittle properties at these depths. In this study, we reinvestigated the deep moonquake data to reestimate its source parameters and uncover the characteristics of deep moonquake faults that differ from those on Earth. We first improve the estimation of source parameters through spectral analysis using “new” broadband seismic records made by combining those of the Apollo long‐ and short‐period seismometers. We use the broader frequency band of the combined spectra to estimate corner frequencies and DC values of spectra, which are important parameters to constrain the source parameters. We further use the spectral features to estimate seismic moments and stress drops for more than 100 deep moonquake events from three different source regions. This study revealed that deep moonquake faults are extremely smooth compared to terrestrial faults. Second, we reevaluate the brittle‐ductile transition temperature that is consistent with the obtained source parameters. We show that the source parameters imply that the tidal stress is the main source of the stress glut causing deep moonquakes and the large strain rate from tides makes the brittle‐ductile transition temperature higher. Higher transition temperatures open a new possibility to construct a thermal model that is consistent with deep moonquake occurrence and pressure condition and thereby improve our understandings of the deep moonquake source mechanism.
Amorphous Metallic NiFeP: A Conductive Bulk Material Achieving High Activity for Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Both Alkaline and Acidic Media
Authors: Hu Fei , Zhu Shengli , Chen Shuangming , Li Yu , Ma Lu , Wu Tianpin , Zhang Yan , Wang Chengming , Liu Congcong , Yang Xianjin , Song Li , Yang Xiaowei , Xiong Yujie
Published: June 2017

The intrinsic catalytic activity at 10 mA cm−2 for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is currently working out at overpotentials higher than 320 mV. A highly efficient electrocatalyst should possess both active sites and high conductivity; however, the loading of powder catalysts on electrodes may often suffer from the large resistance between catalysts and current collectors. This work reports a class of bulk amorphous NiFeP materials with metallic bonds from the viewpoint of electrode design. The materials reported here perfectly combine high macroscopic conductivity with surface active sites, and can be directly used as the electrodes with active sites toward high OER activity in both alkaline and acidic electrolytes. Specifically, a low overpotential of 219 mV is achieved at the geometric current density 10 mA cm−2 in an alkaline electrolyte, with the Tafel slope of 32 mV dec−1 and intrinsic overpotential of 280 mV. Meanwhile, an overpotential of 540 mV at 10 mA cm−2 is attained in an acidic electrolyte and stable for over 30 h, which is the best OER performance in both alkaline and acidic media. This work provides a different angle for the design of high‐performance OER electrocatalysts and facilitates the device applications of electrocatalysts.
Electrostatic‐Driven Exfoliation and Hybridization of 2D Nanomaterials
Authors: Guan Guijian , Xia Jing , Liu Shuhua , Cheng Yuan , Bai Shiqiang , Tee Si Yin , Zhang Yong‐Wei , Han Ming‐Yong
Published: June 2017

Here, direct and effective electrostatic‐driven exfoliation of tungsten trioxide (WO3) powder into atomically thin WO3 nanosheets is demonstrated for the first time. Experimental evidence together with theoretical simulations clearly reveal that the strong binding of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on the surface of WO3 via the protonation of NH2 groups in acidic conditions leads to the effective exfoliation of WO3 nanosheets under sonication. The exfoliated WO3 nanosheets have a greatly improved dispersity and stability due to surface‐protective function of BSA, and exhibit a better performance and unique advantages in applications such as visible‐light‐driven photocatalysis, high‐capacity adsorption, and fast electrochromics. Further, simultaneous exfoliation and hybridization of WO3 and MoS2 nanosheets are demonstrated to form hybrid WO3/MoS2 nanosheets through respective electrostatic and hydrophobic interaction processes. In addition, this electrostatic‐driven exfoliation strategy is applied to exfoliate ultrathin black‐phosphorus nanosheets from its bulk to exhibit a greatly improved stability due to the surface protection by BSA. Overall, the work presented not only presents a facile and effective route to fabricate 2D materials but also brings more opportunities to exploit unusual exotic and synergistic properties in resulting hybrid 2D materials for novel applications.
Van der Waals Epitaxial Growth of Atomic Layered HfS2 Crystals for Ultrasensitive Near‐Infrared Phototransistors
Authors: Fu Lei , Wang Feng , Wu Bin , Wu Nian , Huang Wei , Wang Hanlin , Jin Chuanhong , Zhuang Lin , He Jun , Fu Lei , Liu Yunqi
Published: June 2017

As a member of the group IVB transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) family, hafnium disulfide (HfS2) is recently predicted to exhibit higher carrier mobility and higher tunneling current density than group VIB (Mo and W) TMDs. However, the synthesis of high‐quality HfS2 crystals, sparsely reported, has greatly hindered the development of this new field. Here, a facile strategy for controlled synthesis of high‐quality atomic layered HfS2 crystals by van der Waals epitaxy is reported. Density functional theory calculations are applied to elucidate the systematic epitaxial growth process of the S‐edge and Hf‐edge. Impressively, the HfS2 back‐gate field‐effect transistors display a competitive mobility of 7.6 cm2 V−1 s−1 and an ultrahigh on/off ratio exceeding 108. Meanwhile, ultrasensitive near‐infrared phototransistors based on the HfS2 crystals (indirect bandgap ≈1.45 eV) exhibit an ultrahigh responsivity exceeding 3.08 × 105 A W−1, which is 109‐fold higher than 9 × 10−5 A W−1 obtained from the multilayer MoS2 in near‐infrared photodetection. Moreover, an ultrahigh photogain exceeding 4.72 × 105 and an ultrahigh detectivity exceeding 4.01 × 1012 Jones, superior to the vast majority of the reported 2D‐materials‐based phototransistors, imply a great promise in TMD‐based 2D electronic and optoelectronic applications.
Dynamic Self‐Assembly of Magnetic/Polymer Composites in Rotating Frames of Reference
Authors: Giżynski Konrad , Lee Taehoon , Grzybowski Bartosz A.
Published: June 2017

Small ferromagnetic particles suspended in a rotating viscous polymer and subjected to an external static magnetic field dynamically self‐assemble into open‐lattice, periodic structures. Depending on the orientation of the magnetic field with respect to the system's axis of rotation, these structures range from arrays of parallel plates to single, double, triple, or even quaternary helices. Dynamic self‐assembly in this rotating frame of reference can be explained by an interplay between magnetic, dipole–dipole, viscous drag, and centripetal forces. Once formed, the dynamic aggregates can be made permanent by thermally curing the polymer matrix.
Fully‐Inorganic Trihalide Perovskite Nanocrystals: A New Research Frontier of Optoelectronic Materials
Authors: He Xianghong , Qiu Yongcai , Yang Shihe
Published: June 2017

All‐inorganic trihalide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) are emerging as a new class of superstar semiconductors with excellent optoelectronic properties and great potential for a broad range of applications in lighting, lasing, photon detection, and photovoltaics. This article provides an up‐to‐date review on the developments of fully‐inorganic trihalide perovskite NCs by emphasizing their controllable solution fabrication strategies, structural phase transformation, tunable optoelectronic properties, stability, as well as their photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications. Among the properties to be surveyed, particular focus is on the size‐, shape‐, and composition‐dependent photoluminescence properties. Finally, by identifying new challenges, suggestions are provided for further research and potential development of this area.
High‐Performance 2.6 V Aqueous Asymmetric Supercapacitors based on In Situ Formed Na0.5MnO2 Nanosheet Assembled Nanowall Arrays
Authors: Jabeen Nawishta , Hussain Ahmad , Xia Qiuying , Sun Shuo , Zhu Junwu , Xia Hui
Published: June 2017

The voltage limit for aqueous asymmetric supercapacitors is usually 2 V, which impedes further improvement in energy density. Here, high Na content Birnessite Na0.5MnO2 nanosheet assembled nanowall arrays are in situ formed on carbon cloth via electrochemical oxidation. It is interesting to find that the electrode potential window for Na0.5MnO2 nanowall arrays can be extended to 0–1.3 V (vs Ag/AgCl) with significantly increased specific capacitance up to 366 F g−1. The extended potential window for the Na0.5MnO2 electrode provides the opportunity to further increase the cell voltage of aqueous asymmetric supercapacitors beyond 2 V. To construct the asymmetric supercapacitor, carbon‐coated Fe3O4 nanorod arrays are synthesized as the anode and can stably work in a negative potential window of −1.3 to 0 V (vs Ag/AgCl). For the first time, a 2.6 V aqueous asymmetric supercapacitor is demonstrated by using Na0.5MnO2 nanowall arrays as the cathode and carbon‐coated Fe3O4 nanorod arrays as the anode. In particular, the 2.6 V Na0.5MnO2//Fe3O4@C asymmetric supercapacitor exhibits a large energy density of up to 81 Wh kg−1 as well as excellent rate capability and cycle performance, outperforming previously reported MnO2‐based supercapacitors. This work provides new opportunities for developing high‐voltage aqueous asymmetric supercapacitors with further increased energy density.
Darcy's law for two‐dimensional flows: Singularities at corners and a new class of models
Authors: Shikhmurzaev Yulii D.
Published: June 2017

As is known, Darcy's model for fluid flows in isotropic homogeneous porous media gives rise to singularities in the velocity field for essentially two‐dimensional flow configuration, like flows over corners. Considering this problem from the modeling viewpoint, this study aims at removing this singularity, which cannot be regularized via conventional generalizations of the Darcy model, like Brinkman's equation, without sacrificing Darcy's law itself for unidirectional flows where its validity is well established experimentally. The key idea is that as confirmed by a simple analogy, the permeability of a porous matrix with respect to flow is not a constant independent of the flow but a function of the flow field (its scalar invariants), decreasing as the curvature of the streamlines increases. This introduces a completely new class of models where the flow field and the permeability field are linked and, in particular problems, have to be found simultaneously. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2017
Facile and Reversible Formation of Iron(III)–Oxo–Cerium(IV) Adducts from Nonheme Oxoiron(IV) Complexes and Cerium(III)
Authors: Draksharapu Apparao , Rasheed Waqas , Klein Johannes E. M. N. , Que Lawrence
Published: June 2017

Ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) or CeIV(NH4)2(NO3)6 is often used in artificial water oxidation and generally considered to be an outer‐sphere oxidant. Herein we report the spectroscopic and crystallographic characterization of [(N4Py)FeIII‐O‐CeIV(OH2)(NO3)4]+ (3), a complex obtained from the reaction of [(N4Py)FeII(NCMe)]2+ with 2 equiv CAN or [(N4Py)FeIV=O]2+ (2) with CeIII(NO3)3 in MeCN. Surprisingly, the formation of 3 is reversible, the position of the equilibrium being dependent on the MeCN/water ratio of the solvent. These results suggest that the FeIV and CeIV centers have comparable reduction potentials. Moreover, the equilibrium entails a change in iron spin state, from S=1 FeIV in 2 to S=5/2 in 3, which is found to be facile despite the formal spin‐forbidden nature of this process. This observation suggests that FeIV=O complexes may avail of reaction pathways involving multiple spin states having little or no barrier.