bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peculiarities of endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux in children
Authors: Pohoriliy V.V. , Konoplitskyi V.S. , Mykhalchuk T.I. , Dymchyna Yu.A. , Korobko Yu.Ye.
Published: January 2025

Background. Vesicoureteral reflux is a disease of the bladder-ureter joint, caused by a violation of the closing mechanism of the lower part of the urinary tract, as a result of which a certain amount of urine transported through the ureter into the bladder, under the influence of intravesical pressure, constantly or periodically returns (regurgitation) to the upper urinary tract in the direction of the kidney. According to the literature, vesicoureteral reflux affects approximately 1% of all children, according to various sources.

Purpose – is to highlight the importance of the pathology of vesicoureteral reflux using data from the literature and own observations.

Materials and Methods. 31 patients who were diagnosed with VUR were included in the study. Previously, these children were examined in the conditions of somatic departments of Vinnitsia Regional Pediatric Clinical Hospital. Patients underwent endoscopic correction of VUR using gels (Nubiplant, Vantrix, Deflux, Dexell) according to the STING method.

Results. An analysis of the medical records of 31 inpatients who were treated in the surgical department of the Vinnytsia Regional Pediatric Clinical Hospital from 2019 to 2023 was conducted. During the stay in the hospital, the patient underwent a diagnostic examination (taking an anamnesis, general blood and urine tests, determining the level of urea and creatinine; ultrasound of the kidneys, micturition cystoureterography, if necessary – excretory urography, echocardiography). Endoscopic treatment was performed – endovesical injection of a volume-forming gel into the submucosal part of the refluxing ureter (above the ureter, into the bladder wall) – the STING (Subureteric Teflon Injection) variant.

Conclusions. VUR is a fairly common pathology among children, which has a multifactorial nature. The variety of manifestations, the high prevalence of this pathology and the severity of complications require early diagnosis and determination of treatment tactics. Regarding the gender distribution of the pathology, it should be noted that girls are sick more often than boys. Unilateral and bilateral VUR occurs with the same frequency, while reflux of the II–III stages occurs most often. The maximum morbidity was observed at the age of 6 to 9 years, and from 0 to 3 years. In 35–60% of cases, reflux causes sclerotic changes in the kidney, secondary shrinkage of the kidney. According to the literature, nephrosclerosis due to chronic pyelonephritis in VUR is formed in 30–60% of cases, which leads to the development of the terminal stage of chronic renal failure in 25–60% of patients, due to a decrease in the functional renal reserve, as an indicator of the compensatory capabilities of the kidneys. Most research suggests that endoscopic and surgical intervention are the best treatment methods for VUR with frequent manifestations of infection.
Cardiopulmonary interactions in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Bogmat L.F. , Shevchenko N.S. , Holovko T.A.
Published: January 2025

Background. In patients with rheumatic diseases, the formation of cardiopulmonary continuum has been described, which includes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in combination with various characteristic lesions of the cardiovascular system: chronic heart failure, especially right ventricular, ischaemic heart disease, arterial hypertension. It has been proven that a decrease in forced expiratory volume is a powerful predictor of an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and premature death, regardless of age and other factors. Studies of the function of external respiration in paediatric patients with RD using spirometry showed that in a quarter (24.8%) there is a decrease and the formation of respiratory failure of the restrictive type.

Purpose to establish the features of the relationships between morphofunctional disorders of the cardiovascular system and lungs in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and to identify possible factors contributing to their formation.

Materials and methods. 54 children with JIA (oligoarticular variant 12 patients, polyarticular 42 children) aged 10–18 (13.42 ± 0.22) years were examined. The control group consisted of 41 practically healthy children. To determine lung function, spirometry was performed. To determine the morphofunctional parameters of the heart, ultrasound was performed in the «M» and «B» modes. Assessment of tolerance to minimal physical activity and its impact on the state of the CVS in children, a six-minute walk test (MWT) was performed.

Results. Іn children with JIA, against the background of reduced forced expiratory volume on the first second and forced vital capacity of the lungs, the Tiffno index was above 90%, which indicates a restrictive type of lung function disorders in this category of children. This parameter was highest in patients with II degree of activity of the JIA, which emphasizes the importance of the degree of activity of JIA in the formation of comorbid conditions. In patients with JIA, there is a significant increase in both diastolic and systolic sizes and volumes of the right ventricle. At the same time, its stroke volume also increases, and the ejection fraction is significantly lower. Against the background of these changes, a decrease in tolerance to minimal physical activity was established, as indicated by a significantly smaller distance covered in 6 minutes during the MWT.

Conclusions. Рatients with JIA have a decrease in functional lung capacity indicators of the restrictive type. This occurs against the background of an increase in structural and volumetric indicators of the right ventricle of the heart with a parallel decrease in its pumping function, as well as a decrease in tolerance to minimal physical activity.
TNF-α levels in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without obesity
Authors: Zlatkina V.V. , Tikhonova T.M. , Bogun L.V.
Published: January 2025

Background. Patients with carbohydrate metabolism disorders and hypertension (HTN) are very often overweight and obese. Thus, the combination of HTN with obesity is extremely unfavorable, the frequency of which is constantly increasing. In turn, obesity, as an independent metabolic disease, is associated with hyperinsulinemia (HI) and insulin resistance (IR). The pathogenesis of IR in visceral obesity is heterogeneous and is due to the presence of genetic, gender, age, hormonal influences, and other factors. The development of inflammatory processes in obesity is accompanied by a parallel increase in the content of cytokines – mediators of inflammation, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), which is associated with an increased risk of developing and progressing type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and a corresponding increase in the incidence of cardiovascular complications associated with this.

Purpose – of the study was to investigate changes in the concentration of proinflammatory adipocytokine (TNF-α) in patients with hypertension with concomitant type 2 diabetes mellitus in combination with and without obesity.

Materials and Methods. The study included 94 patients who were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 consisted of patients with HTN (comparison group, n = 25), group 2 consisted of patients with HTN and type 2 DM (n = 35), group 3 consisted of patients with HTN, type 2 DM and obesity (n = 33). In all groups, anthropometric and hemodynamic parameters were measured, the state of carbohydrate metabolism, insulin resistance index and plasma levels of the proinflammatory adipocytokine TNF-α were determined.

Results. When evaluating the indicators of carbohydrate metabolism in the groups, a statistically significant increase in fasting glucose levels was observed between group 1 and group 2, p < 0.05, as well as between group1 and group 2, p < 0.05).

Index IR (HOMA-IR) was statistically significantly different when comparing the group with HTN, type 2 DM and without obesity with another group with obesity, p < 0.05.

Studying the levels of the proinflammatory adipocytokine TNF-α, it was noted that this marker increases with deterioration of carbohydrate metabolism, and an increase in body weight and glucose levels correlate with an increase in the concentration of TNF-α (r = 0.343, p = 0.020; r = 0.041, p = 0.013).

Conclusions. The study demonstrated that obesity aggravates carbohydrate metabolism disorders and the course of hypertension (blood pressure levels). The correlation between the increase in the concentration of TNF-α with the presence of obesity and the deterioration of carbohydrate metabolism (glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR index) was established.
NEW DRAFT OF WATER CODE OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN: LEGAL ANALYSIS
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Orazaliyev K.U. , Mukasheva A.A. , Makarova T.I. , Uderbayeva B.A.
Published: January 2025

For the purposes of implementation of a water-efficient and water-saving state policy, the regulation of water relations over the past decade requires urgent reform. The development of legal and economic science and practice determines the need to include water in economic turnover, thereby stimulating water users to create a closed loop economy. Thus, in the process of enhancement of water legislation, it is required to consider economic, property, environmental and other aspects. Water relations are regulated by both water and civil legislation, and other natural resource legislation. Therefore, the article notes that it is of essence to ensure an optimal ratio of the norms of these branches of legislation. This document provides an assessment of specific sections of the Water Code that is expected to be adopted in Kazakhstan by 2024. The purpose of the analysis is to uncover key issues that arise in the context of legislative water management. The study tries to identify the weaknesses of the proposed draft law from the authors' point of view. Specific proposals are recommended to eliminate legal conflicts, gaps between the norms of land, water and legislation on subsoil and subsoil use of Kazakhstan.
STATE RESPONSIBILITY IN FULFILLING TOURIST HEALTH RIGHTS IN DIVING TOURISM AT BUNAKEN NATIONAL PARK POST-COVID-19
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Riyad H. , Syafa'at R. , Koeswahyono I. , Puspitawati D.
Published: January 2025

To date, none of the scuba diving operators in Bunaken National Park have obtained the CHSE Protocol certification, despite the government's policy encouraging businesses to adhere to minimum health standards to prevent the resurgence of COVID-19. This study aims to enhance the state's responsibility in upholding tourists' health rights in Bunaken National Park, particularly in the post-COVID-19 scuba diving tourism sector. Employing a socio-legal approach supported by sociology and cultural studies, this research used observation and literature review to collect data. The findings indicate that fulfilling tourists' health rights forms a part of human rights guaranteed by the Indonesian state and governed under both international and national laws. However, the implementation of the CHSE Protocols in the park faces several challenges, including implementation costs, human resources, visitor compliance and discipline, infrastructure, regulatory oversight, economic impacts, and environmental concerns. To better facilitate state responsibility in implementing the CHSE Protocol, this study proposes four government policies to support diving operators in Bunaken National Park: (1) providing subsidies and incentives, (2) offering training and education, (3) enforcing strict oversight and transparency, and (4) fostering multi-party cooperation. These policies aim to enhance compliance with the CHSE Protocol, ensuring the safety and health of tourists and preserving the environment.
ADMINISTRATIVE JUSTICE AND ITS DEVELOPMENT IN KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Konurbayеva M.G.
Published: January 2025

The article dеscribеs thе mаin pеriоds оf dеvеlоpmеnt and еstablishment of institutions such аs аdministrаtive justice and аdministrаtivе lеgаl prоcееdings in the Rеpublic оf Kаzаkhstаn. Lеgislаtiоn in thе fiеld оf аdministrаtivе justicе in Kаzаkhstаn hаs its оwn spеcificity in tеrms оf lеgal rеgulation, as evidenced by the reforms carried out in this area. Bаsеd оn thе lеgislаtiоn rеgulаting issuеs rеlаtеd tо thе rеsоlutiоn of disputеs in thе fiеld оf public-lаw rеlatiоns, the following periods can be distinguished: 1968-1991 years - this period is characterized by stability and an unchanging approach by the legislator to the regulation of administrative-procedural relations; 1999-2010 years period, judicial review was extended tо the widеr rаngе оf individuаls аnd wаs prоvidеd in the most important areas of society; 2010-2021 years – this stage is characterized by the forming and fullfilment of the new Civil Procedure Code (CPC) of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Administrative Procedural-Processual Code (APPC) of the Republic of Kazakhstan. These circumstаncеs dеtеrminеd thе chоicе оf thе rеsеаrch tоpiс. Тhе аuthоr аnаlyzеd thе lеgislаtiоn аnd rеgulаtоry lеgаl аcts thаt gоvеrnеd publiс-lаw rеlаtiоns during thе pеriоd of the Kazakh SSR, which Kazakhstan used even after gaining sovereignty until the adoption of the CPC of Kazakhstan in 1999, and the subsequent implementation of the APPC. The work portrait the Soviet and post-Soviet paths of development and changes of the institution of administrative justice in Kazakhstan. Fаmiliаrity with thе thеоry оf Sоviеt аnd Еuropean аdministrativе justicе аnd thе prаcticе оf its аpplicаtiоn is оf intеrеst tо thе lеgаl cоmmunity оf Kаzakhstаn.
GUARANTEES OF INDEPENDENCE OF LAWYER ACTIVITIES IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES ON THE EXAMPLE OF KAZAKHSTAN AND UZBEKISTAN
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Mamaeva M.N. , Bijanova A.R. , Osmanova G.J. , Ismailov A.A.
Published: January 2025

The article analyzes international standards regarding the provision of advocacy independence in the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Republic of Uzbekistan. Current issues faced by lawyers in these countries, such as access to legally protected confidentiality and the right to participate in procedural actions, are examined. The author suggests that lawyers should have the ability to access legally protected confidentiality in both criminal and civil proceedings. The necessity of introducing amendments to reduce the time frame for responding to legal inquiries is discussed to improve lawyers' access to necessary materials. Attention is also drawn to the importance of establishing guarantees for the protection of lawyers' rights during their professional activities, which is essential for the effective fulfillment of their duties. As a result of the research, theoretical conclusions and findings are presented, highlighting the importance of advocacy independence for ensuring the rule of law and protecting citizens' rights. The authors emphasize the need to strengthen the independence of lawyers and lawyers' associations in Central Asia, which corresponds to the recommendations of the International Commission of Lawyers (ICL). They note the importance of adopting effective legal and practical measures to ensure the ability of lawyers to perform their professional duties without undue influence. The article also deals with legislative norms regulating the right of lawyers to receive information, including state, commercial and other confidential information protected by law. The authors analyze the main principles of lawyer activity, including the independence of the lawyer and observance of professional ethics, enshrined in the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan. In conclusion, the article emphasizes the importance of international legal standards and the independence of lawyers as an integral element of the human rights protection system.
Reflection on Islamic philosophical-methodological approaches through the metaphor of depth-similarity
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Sedankina Tatyana
Published: January 2025

The article reflects on Islamic methodological traditions in terms of the metaphor of depth-similarity in order to understand the existence of simultaneously existing and sometimes divergent methodological approaches and to realise the impossibility and even the danger of reducing them to a single method-ological algorithm, which can not only significantly narrow the epistemological framework of theological research, but can also lead to a halt in theological thought itself. In the beginning. Then an attempt is made to reflect on Islamic methodology in terms of the metaphor of depth-similarity proposed by the founders of the metamodern concept to reveal various forms of depth of comprehension of being. Us-ing the metaphorical concept of depth we correlate Islamic methodological approaches with different types of swimming, which allowed us to trace the transformation of ontological foundations in different methodological traditions, as well as epistemological strategies that affect not only the specificity of theological methodology, but also the worldview of the theologian as a whole.
Al-Farabi cultural heritage in the national and world semiotic system: the postage stamp
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Zhanabayev Kairat , Abisheva Onal , Rakhmanali Kymbat
Published: January 2025

The article explores the artistic experience of depicting the outstanding thinker of the Arab-Muslim East, a native of Deshti-Kipchak Abu Nasir al-Farabi in the world and national culture, and in the modern design of the postage stamp.

The main value is to comprehensively investigate the history of al-Farabi's image creation in the world visual and semiotic tradition and compile their chronicle by considering stamps issued in different periods of time.

The novelty and methodological value of the article comes from the assessment of the contribution of Kazakh and world scientists and designers to culture and art history. The authors use analytical, historical, semiotic and other methods of research.

The practical value of her study is the development of the classification of visual images of the great scientist.

The theoretical value of the study comes from the nature of the multifaceted personality of the Turkic genius. There is not yet, and has not been, a systematic study of this image in the history of art. Postage stamps and the visual images they generate are unique cultural objects, providing a great deal of insight into our contemporary culture. It is important to promote al-Farabi's cultural and historical heritage, to write workshops to train future designers and art historians; it is necessary to talk about the ever-increasing importance of al-Farabi as a scholar in world cultural history.

The value of the research is justified by the fact that the philosopher is the common historical and cultural heritage of the Turkic and Arab-Iranian peoples, although he came from our Kazakh land: the Kazakh National University, the flagship of the country, bears his name. The study of the creation of al-Farabi's artistic image has a valuable educational, educational, cognitive and cultural value, both for the modernization of public consciousness, and for the spiritual revival of our science.
ISSUES OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT IN KAZAKHSTAN: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Zhumashov Yerkebulan , Pusyrmanov Nurbek , Tazhibayeva Gulnar , Tulebaeva Meruyert
Published: January 2025

The development of local self-government is essential for fostering citizen participation in ad-dressing regional issues, enhancing civic engagement, deepening democracy within the political sys-tem, and increasing citizens’ understanding of the decision-making process at the state level. In Ka-zakhstan, several significant decisions have been made in recent years, including the introduction of a fourth level of the budget and the direct election of aul akims (mayors of villages, towns, and cities that are subordinate to districts) by residents. These initiatives aim to strengthen local self-government. The reforms implemented have stimulated scientific research to assess the effectiveness of public policy in this area. This study evaluates recent publications on local self-government in Kazakhstan through literature reviews. Consequently, the authors present several conclusions and recommendations for broader discussion. These recommendations are beneficial not only for evaluating recent government reforms but also for outlining future directions for policymakers and potential research avenues for academics
Creative industries’ pedagogy: professional training model
Authors: Konovalov A. A.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. The creative industries sphere, being one of the areas of economic development of society, namely creative, covers the process of creating, through intellectual labor, a sought-after creative product in the field of digital and applied art, functional creativity that affects the well-being of people. One of the key actors stimulating the development of this area is the teacher who provides vocational training for the labor market in the field of creative industries. Considering the scarce nature of research devoted to this problem, this article proposes a model for the professional teaching staff training for the creative economy areas.

Materials and Methods. The methodological basis of the study was competence-based (I. A. Zimnyaya, A.-K. Koenen, F. Dochy, etc.), activity-based (A. I. Irgalieva, etc.), convergent (M. V. Deev, E. Fonseca, I. Molderez, J. Overberg, etc.) and personality-oriented (A. V. Petrovsky, I. S. Yakimanskaya, etc.) approaches. The research methods are analysis of scientific works, regulatory documents and media publications (n=36) devoted to the phenomenon of creative industries, as well as experience in training vocational teaching stafffing for this branch of the creative economy. An important research method was the modeling of the process of professional teaching staff training for the creative industries.

Results. This article is devoted to modeling the process of vocational and pedagogical training for the creative industries. The article presents a historical overview of the phenomenon of creative industries, the creative economy corresponding sector’s directions’ classification. As a scientific novelty, there is an educational model for training teaching staff at the master's level, capable of providing high-quality training of specialists for various creative industries, the demand for which in the labor market is increasing every year. The model’s content is determined by four blocks: motivational-target, content-logical, activity-technological and diagnostic one.

Discussion and Conclusions. The presented teachers for the creative industries’ professional training model takes into account important modern trends in these areas: training for professional practice in an entrepreneurial environment, implementation in the format of blended learning, activation of creativity in the process of implementing creative practices, etc. Experience of successful implementation in the educational process vocational and pedagogical training of specialists for the creative industries through the presented model will contribute to the growth of highly qualified creative specialists in demand in the creative economy sector’s labor market.
Value-semantic approach in higher pedagogical education: problem statement
Authors: Pozdeeva S. I. , Gelfman E. G. , Nikitin A. A.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. The research problem: internal reference points related to the value-semantic bases of both pedagogical activity and university training are insufficiently updated (actualized). The aim of the study is to justify the need to implement a value-semantic approach in the professional training of future teachers and to determine the value-semantic orientations of pedagogical university students.

Materials and Methods. The methods of qualitative research were used: theoretical (analysis of monographs and scientific articles in issues related to pedagogical activity, pedagogical training and professional training of a teacher), empirical: analysis of TSPU students’ essays "My pedagogical history" in order to identify students’ value-semantic aspects of both the teacher's activity and their personal meanings and attitude to the profession.

Results. Anthropological and humanitarian contexts of education development draw increasing attention to the value-semantic training of teachers and search for their own meaning of pedagogical activity. The idea of practicing different models of joint activities at the university can form the basis of meaningful pedagogical activity. Three semantic accents have been found in students' essays expressing their attitude to the teaching profession and influencing self-determination: neutral attitude (excess of personal meanings), unconscious or unshaped attitude (unshaped meanings), conscious positive attitude (meaning generation, personal position formation).

Discussion and Conclusions. In the context of pedagogy of joint activity, different ways of goals formation and ways of organizing teacher training at a pedagogical university are highlighted. It is this context that enriches the value-semantic sphere of the future teacher and allows moving from the perception of the pupil as an object of pedagogical influence to seeing him as a co-executor, then as a significant and influential participant of activity. Professional teacher training in higher education should be organized to make the future teacher appreciate not only the pupil and interaction with him, but also his own personality and professional development.
Comparative analysis of approaches to developing universal learning actions within computer science education
Authors: Gorbunova A. V.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. In modern society, education plays a key role in the formation of personality and the development of skills necessary for successful adaptation and self-realization. One of the key aspects of the educational process is the development of universal learning activities (UMS), which provide the opportunity for effective learning and the application of acquired knowledge in various situations. In this regard, it becomes necessary to conduct a comparative analysis of approaches to the development of UMS in order to determine the most effective methods and tools that contribute to the successful development of educational materials and the formation of independent work skills. This article examines the constructivist approach in the context of developing universal learning actions (ULA) in computer science education in schools. The main focus is on the importance of connecting learning with real-life tasks and the ability of students to influence the learning process through independent choice of research topics.

Materials and Methods. A comparative analysis of approaches to developing ULA in computer science education was conducted based on the study of theoretical works and practical examples of the application of these methods in the educational environment. The approaches are analyzed in terms of their ability to provide a holistic view of the study material and its practical application.

Results. The advantages of the constructivist approach were identified, including its focus on the practical application of knowledge and the development of the ability for independent learning. However, shortcomings such as the risk of formalizing education and difficulties in assessing competencies were also noted. The systemic-activity approach emphasizes the integrity of the study material and its connection to real life.

Discussion and Conclusions. The article discusses the conditions and aspects of each approach that contribute to the development of ULA. The importance of integrating theory with practice and the need for sufficient time for reflection and introspection in the constructivist approach are emphasized. The study highlights the importance of balancing the depth of theoretical knowledge and practical skills for effective computer science education. In the future, it is necessary to continue the study of the interaction of constructivist and system-activity approaches in education, especially in the context of the development of digital technologies and changing educational needs in the information society. It will also be useful to develop and test innovative diagnostic tools that will allow students to more accurately assess their competencies in creative and personality-oriented aspects of learning.
Welfare of horses at slaughter
Authors:   EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW), Nielsen Søren Saxmose , Alvarez Julio , Boklund Anette , Dippel Sabine , Dorea Fernanda , Figuerola Jordi , Herskin Mette , Miranda Chueca Miguel Angel , Nannoni Eleonora , Nonno Romolo , Riber Anja , Stahl Karl , Stegeman Jan Arend , Thulke Hans‐Hermann , Tuyttens Frank , Winckler Christoph , Raj Mohan , Velarde Antonio , Candiani Denise , Van der Stede Yves , Michel Virginie
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The objective of this Scientific Opinion is to assess the hazards and welfare consequences associated with the slaughter of horses for human consumption. The entire slaughter procedure, from arrival at the slaughterhouse until death, is divided into three phases: Phase 1 – pre‐stunning, Phase 2 – stunning and Phase 3 – bleeding. Phase 1 includes the following processes (in chronological order): (a) arrival, (b) unloading of the animals from the vehicle, (c) lairage, (d) handling and moving to the stunning area and (e) restraint before application of the stunning method. Phase 2 encompasses the stunning methods, while Phase 3 involves the bleeding process (i.e. exsanguination following stunning). Stunning methods for horses include penetrative captive bolt and firearms. Welfare consequences that horses may experience (such as handling stress, restriction of movement and injuries) and potential hazards were identified for all the phases along with preventive and corrective measures. For arrival and unloading during phase 1, this Opinion refers to a previous EFSA assessment on the transport of Equidae. Animal‐based measures (ABMs) to assess all identified welfare consequences are proposed. A flowchart of ABMs to assess the state of consciousness is provided to allow monitoring during the stunning and bleeding phase at three key stages ((1) between the end of stunning and shackling, (2) during neck cutting or sticking, (3) during bleeding). Additionally, specific practices deemed unacceptable on welfare grounds are listed.
Comparison of Open Versus Closed Reduction Techniques in Management of Condylar Fractures
Authors: Datta Deep , Chandran Pratap
Published: January 2025

This study's objective is to better understand the causes, symptoms, classifications, and treatment options for mandible fractures, with a focus on condylar and subcondylar fractures. The patient's age, the kind of fracture, the patient's systemic state, any previous fractures, the teeth, the likelihood It is important to consider the presence of foreign materials, the extent of occlusal restoration by intermaxillary fixation, and other factors before making a treatment decision.
The Corelation between land use, block size, and the diversity of tree species in Rajasthan
Authors: Dahal Paras Mani , Kumar Amit
Published: January 2025

It is challenging to provide a meaningful and efficient description of the variety seen in complex multi-species uneven-aged forests. Species variety has traditionally received the most attention, and there are many different ways to measure this diversity. Because trees of varying sizes serve diverse ecological functions, size variety is an essential component of forest biodiversity. Woody plant diversity surveys have a history of ignoring or downplaying size diversity because of its perceived difficulty in handling. Using non-spatial and spatially explicit forestry and diversity features, we examined the size and species diversity of two uneven-aged forests in northern China that were home to multi-species trees. These forests were located in monsoon- and subtropical/warm-temperate climatic zones. We discovered that the patterns of variety in complicated multi-species forests were much better understood when we analysed both species diversity and size diversity. Surprisingly, a saturation curve is seen in the connection between relative abundances dependent on size and individuals. Despite the vast differences in the woodland communities studied, the findings were remarkably consistent across all four plots when non-spatial forestry and biodiversity factors were included.
Therapeutic Potential of Boerhavia diffusa Root Extract in the Management of Eye Diseases: Formulation and Evaluation
Authors: Pradhan Naresh Ch. , Sarkar Ashish
Published: January 2025

The therapeutic potential of Boerhavia diffusa (Punarnava) root extract in managing eye diseases is explored in this study. Recognized for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties, Boerhavia diffusa holds promise as a treatment for ocular conditions such as cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration. The research focuses on the development of a novel Ayurvedic eye drop formulation using aqueous distillate from Boerhavia diffusa roots, complying with Indian Pharmacopoeia standards. Phytochemical analyses, including HPTLC, GC-MS, and HPLC, confirmed the presence of bioactive compounds like beta-sitosterol. The formulation was evaluated for sterility, stability, and efficacy in delaying cataract formation using in vivo models. Results indicated that the eye drop significantly postponed cataract progression, with no observed ocular irritation or adverse effects. This study highlights the potential of integrating traditional Ayurvedic knowledge with modern pharmaceutical approaches for effective ocular therapies.
Ecosistemas de ciencia, tecnología e innovación (CTeI) con alta violencia estructural en post-conflicto
Authors: Lindo Montañez Gina , Payares Ayola Marceliano , Gámez Araújo Willingthon Germán
Published: January 2025

El objetivo fundamental de la presente investigación fue analizar como los ecosistemas de CTeI y paz se refuerzan mutuamente para la construcción de una paz duradera y disminución de la violencia estructural. Para ello, se abordaron las teorías referentes a los ecosistemas de ciencia, tecnología e innovación y a la violencia estructural. La investigación adoptó un enfoque cualitativo y multidisciplinario de revisión documental con un enfoque crítico. La investigación revela que, en los últimos años, el gobierno colombiano ha promovido diversas iniciativas de ciencia para la paz, para contribuir al cierre de brechas territoriales y al bienestar integral de Colombia con la esperanza de que la CTeI pueda servir como catalizador para la reconciliación y el desarrollo regional, sin embargo, estas iniciativas aún enfrentan numerosos desafíos. Se concluye que los ecosistemas de CTeI favorecen la creación de un entorno propicio para la paz al promover valores como la cooperación, la transparencia y la responsabilidad social. A medida que el país avanza hacia la consolidación de una paz duradera y estable, la integración de la ciencia en los procesos de reconciliación y desarrollo local seguirá siendo un pilar esencial para construir una sociedad más justa y equitativa.
Palabras claves: Ecosistemas, Ecosistemas de CTeI, Violencia estructural.
El Arbitraje de inversiones en proceso de resolución por la cancelación de concesiones para explotación de litio
Authors: Arjona Granados María del Pilar , Arjona Ortiz Elba María
Published: January 2025

La inversión extranjera directa, esencial en el crecimiento y desarrollo de los Estados, constituye hasta el 35% de su producto interno bruto, dependiendo de los riesgos derivados del país, así como los propios de la industria que será objeto de inversión. Para reducir riesgos del país y promover la inversión, México ha suscrito tratados, bilaterales o multilaterales y acuerdos de protección recíproca de inversiones, para disminuir el riesgo país al otorgar certeza jurídica y proteger al inversionista de posibles abusos. En ellos se incluye la aceptación del arbitraje de inversiones, una vía de solución alterna a un conflicto entre una empresa y un Estado receptor, sin la intervención de órganos jurisdiccionales locales. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo demostrar las garantías otorgadas a los inversionistas a través de los tratados, particularmente en industrias extractivas, que implican grandes inversiones a largo plazo como es el caso de la minería. Mediante una revisión de literatura, se establece el marco conceptual, para exponer un caso de arbitraje de inversiones ante el Centro Internacional de Arreglo de Diferencias Relativas a Inversiones (CIADI) presentado el 21 de junio de 2024 por Bacanora Lithium Limited  y sus filiales Sonora Lithium Ltd. and Ganfeng International Trading (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. al ser canceladas nueve concesiones para la extracción de litio.
La conclusión expone el valor del arbitraje de inversiones ante una serie de reformas legales que permitieron la cancelación de concesiones, lo cual según los propios tratados suscritos por nuestro país pueden ser considerados como una expropiación indirecta.
La importancia de las emociones de los mediados, y el trabajo multidisciplinario en la Mediación
Authors: De la Cruz Guzmán Ulises Osbaldo
Published: January 2025

La premisa valiosa de la mediación sistémica, además de la voluntariedad, es precisamente tomar en cuenta las historias y las emociones de los mediados y poder mediante la escucha activa empática, al sentirse escuchados y valorados, la disposición y el cumplimento de los convenios llevados a cabo, tienen mayor relevancia en la resolución de sus conflictos. En el ejercicio de la resolución de controversias a través de la mediación en el centro público #156 ubicado en el Centro Universitario de Ciencias Económico Administrativas de la Universidad de Guadalajara se identifica la necesidad de reconocer las emociones de los mediados y la utilidad del trabajo multidisciplinario.
La tortura en el proceso penal mexicano
Authors: Soto López Tania Leticia
Published: January 2025

El problema de la tortura en el proceso penal mexicano presenta características que lo dotan de un interés crucial. La tortura no solo representa una violación de los derechos humanos, sino que también socava la credibilidad y la integridad del sistema de justicia. Su relevancia radica en el impacto profundo y duradero que tiene en las víctimas, así como en la sociedad en su conjunto, erosionando la confianza en las instituciones y perpetuando un ciclo de impunidad.
La pertinencia de investigar este fenómeno se evidencia en la necesidad urgente de comprender sus causas subyacentes. Entre estas se encuentran la falta de capacitación adecuada para los funcionarios encargados de hacer cumplir la ley, la impunidad generalizada y la ausencia de normativas efectivas para prevenir y sancionar la tortura.
Decolonizar los derechos humanos desde el territorio corpóreo del VIH
Authors: Barraza Pacheco Joab Kalid
Published: January 2025

Este artículo examina la necesidad de decolonizar los derechos humanos a través del análisis del cuerpo de las personas viviendo con VIH como un espacio de resistencia y confrontación con las estructuras de poder hegemónicas. En un contexto donde los derechos humanos han sido históricamente definidos desde perspectivas eurocéntricas, el artículo propone un enfoque decolonial que resitúe las experiencias y conocimientos locales. A través de una crítica a los discursos médicos y legales dominantes, se busca desafiar el estigma y la discriminación que enfrentan las personas con VIH. El artículo sugiere estrategias para redefinir los derechos humanos desde una perspectiva más inclusiva y respetuosa de las diferencias culturales y corporales.
PROBLEMS AND PANACEA OF DIGITAL MARKETING IN INDIA
Authors: Bangundi Shantkumar A.
Published: January 2025

This study explores the challenges and solutions associated with digital marketing in India. It examines the barriers faced by businesses, such as limited digital literacy, infrastructural gaps, and regulatory concerns, while highlighting the opportunities brought by the rapid adoption of digital technologies and increasing internet penetration. The research also investigates effective strategies to overcome these challenges, enabling businesses to optimize their digital marketing efforts. The findings suggest that while digital marketing in India faces significant hurdles, innovative solutions and government initiatives can unlock its full potential, ensuring sustained growth and competitiveness in the global market.
SUBVERSIVE PERFORMANCES AND GENDER IDENTITY IN A.REVATHI’S THE TRUTH ABOUT ME: A HIJRA LIFE STORY (2010)
Authors: Swami Indu , Raya Priyanka
Published: January 2025

This paper explores the performative nature of gender identity through the lens of Judith Butler's concept of gender performativity and its application to transgender narratives, specifically A. Revathi's autobiography, The Truth About Me: A Hijra Life Story (2010). It examines how Revathi's lived experiences challenge the traditional binary framework of sex and gender by exposing the socially constructed and fluid nature of these categories. Drawing on Butler’s theoretical framework, the paper highlights how repeated performative acts, encompassing language, attire, and behavior, shape and affirm gender identity, revealing it as an ongoing cultural process rather than an innate essence. Revathi’s narrative, including her struggles with gender dysphoria, her journey toward self-acceptance, and the transformative impact of sex reassignment surgery, underscores the ways transgenders disrupt heteronormative notions of coherence between sex and gender. Furthermore, the study situates Revathi’s experiences within the broader socio-cultural context of Indian transgender communities, examining how societal norms and historical perceptions influence the performance of gender. By analyzing Revathi's life story, this paper concludes how transgenders use performance to navigate, resist, and redefine culturally imposed gender roles, thereby affirming Butler’s assertion that gender is a stylized and iterative construct, rather than an inherent reality.
Business tool to revitalize interregional trade
Authors: Kochetov N.
Published: January 2025

The problem of international trade at the regional and country levels is considered. It is noted that after 2022, due to numerous sanctions, the geography of trade has undergone significant changes. The main trends in the development of trade for countries friendly and neutral in relation to Russia are determined. Statistics on the results of the Observatory of Economic Complexity for the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation are presented. The author notes that the statistical and scientific-methodological material of the Observatory of Economic Complexity is undeservedly little used in domestic practice. Based on the results of the study, the author reveals the possibility of widespread use of the described system by domestic economists and university professors. A number of issues for enhancing inter-country trade in goods and services were outlined. Particular attention is paid to the countries of the Global South. It is noted that there are opportunities to analyze trade between regions within a single country.
SÍMBOLO DE CRIAÇÃO, RENASCIMENTO E TRANSFORMAÇÃO: A REPRESENTAÇÃO DO OVO NAS OBRAS DE ARTE
Authors: Meneghello Carolina Angel Tessmann
Published: January 2025

O artigo analisa o simbolismo do ovo nas artes ao longo da história, explorando sua relação com a criação, a fertilidade, o renascimento e a espiritualidade em diferentes culturas e obras. Discute-se desde representações míticas como o ovo cósmico em mitologias antigas até sua expressão em obras de artistas renomados, como Eli Heil, Tarsila do Amaral, René Magritte e Salvador Dalí. O estudo destaca o papel do ovo como metáfora para o ciclo da vida, a dualidade do ser e o inconsciente, conectando aspectos culturais, religiosos e psicológicos com a produção artística.
PTM-Fetuin-A: A Novel Biomarker for Early Detection of Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Benkova M , Petrov P , Aleksandar Petrov , Staykova S , Zlatanova E , Chervenkov T , Nikolova S
Published: January 2025

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a significant public health issue with a rising prevalence globally. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a leading cause of CKD, necessitates improved biomarkers for early detection and effective management. Traditional markers such as serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and albuminuria have notable limitations in sensitivity and specificity, especially for early detection. Fetuin-A, specifically its post-translationally modified form (PTM-Fetuin-A), has emerged as a potential novel biomarker for DKD. This study evaluates PTM-Fetuin-A in a cohort of Bulgarian patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, assessing its correlation with traditional markers such as albuminuria and eGFR. Significant correlations were observed between PTM-Fetuin-A and these indicators (e.g., Pearson’s r = 0.447, p = 0.025 for albuminuria), highlighting its ability to detect early kidney function decline. Furthermore, PTM-Fetuin-A demonstrated potential as a non-invasive tool for identifying normoalbuminuric DKD, addressing gaps left by conventional biomarkers. By offering additional prognostic value, PTM-Fetuin-A could improve the early diagnosis and clinical management of diabetic patients, reducing the burden of CKD.
Formula Misteri dalam Webtoon Kemala Karya Sweta Kartika, Dedy Koerniawan dan Pierre Rangga: Kajian Genre John G. Cawelti
Authors: Adela Puspita Sari  , Fitri Merawati
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkapkan formula misteri dan invensi yang terdapat pada Webtoon Kemala karya Sweta Kartika, Dedy Koerniawan dan Pierre Rangga. Webtoon ini merupakan cerita misteri horor. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori formula dari John G. Cawelti. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Metode pengumpulan data yang dipakai melibatkan studi pustaka, baca, simak,dan catat dari sumber-sumber pustaka yang relevan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menganalisis formula, invensi dalam Webtoon tersebut. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa formula misteri dalam Webtoon terdiri dari (1) pengenalan detektif, (2) kejahatan dan petunjuk, (3) penyelidikan, (4) pengumuman solusi, (5) penjelasan solusi, dan (6) akhir dari cerita. Bentuk invensi yang terdapat pada pola cerita yaitu terdapat pengubahan alur atau struktur naratif yaitu pengenalan detektif/tokoh utama. Penambahan alur atau struktur naratif yaitu menceritakan asal muasal kehidupan tokoh utama sebelum meninggal.
Model Game-Oriented Problem Exploration (GOPE) dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa: Analisis Kebutuhan Siswa
Authors: Indriyani Vivi , Triana Herlin , Nurjanah Anisa , Putri Delsy Arma
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebutuhan siswa terkait pengembangan model GOPE dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei deskriptif, dengan mengumpulkan data melalui angket yang diisi oleh siswa kelas XII SMA. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif untuk menggambarkan kebutuhan dan pandangan guru secara keseluruhan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar siswa bahwa model pembelajaran yang mengintegrasikan permainan edukatif dapat menciptakan suasana belajar yang dinamis dan relevan dengan konteks dunia nyata, sehingga mempermudah transfer pengetahuan dan keterampilan.. Berdasarkan hasil analisis tersebut, model GOPE dalam pembelajaran Bahasa berpotensi memberikan dampak positif pada peningkatan keterampilan kritis dan kolaboratif siswa.