bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O MOVIMENTO PELA IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DA EDUCAÇÃO ESCOLAR QUILOMBOLA NA COMUNIDADE SÃO PEDRO - CASTANHAL/ PARÁ
Authors: Rodrigues Rosilandia Souza , Rêgo da Rocha Genylton Odilon
Published: February 2024

O presente artigo analisa o movimento pela implementação da educação escolar quilombola na comunidade de remanescentes do quilombo de São Pedro, localizado no município de Castanhal, no Pará. A pesquisa aborda o processo pelo qual se deu a luta do movimento quilombola na comunidade em busca de uma educação escolar diferenciada, ou seja, de uma educação efetivamente quilombola. O objetivo do trabalho é verificar a mobilização para a consolidação da educação escolar na comunidade feita pelos remanescentes do quilombo na região mencionada. Para isso, realizou-se a análise de documentos produzidos pelo grupo, especialmente do dossiê produzido por professores da escola que funciona no local. Esse documento foi acessado por meio da realização da pesquisa de mestrado, que é desenvolvida em São Pedro e que tem como tema o currículo para a educação escolar quilombola. O referencial teórico utilizado é composto por autores como Gonçalves; Silva (2000) e Gomes (2017), que discutem acerca do movimento negro; Almeida (2011) e Moura (1993), que discorrem sobre quilombo; Brandão (1995), Santos (2007) e Freire (2019), que debatem educação; e Arruti (2017) e Moura (2007), que se debruçam sobre a educação escolar quilombola. Os resultados apontam que, embora permeada por lutas e muitos desafios, a educação escolar quilombola em São Pedro vem sendo concretizada, constituindo-se como um projeto em construção.
A DISCIPLINA DE SOCIOLOGIA NO ESPAÇO ESCOLAR: PRÁTICAS PARA O FOMENTO DA LEI Nº 10639/03
Authors: Da Silva Charles Luiz
Published: February 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo um estudo da aplicação da Lei Nº 10639/03 - que institui a obrigatoriedade do ensino de história e cultura africana e afro-brasileira dentro das disciplinas da educação básica brasileira, para o presente trabalho é explorado especificamente como se dá essa prática dentro da disciplina de Sociologia no Ensino Médio. Levando em conta a incipiente formação de professores com relação à temáticas que envolvem a diversidade de maneira ampla (MEUCCI, 2014), foi feita também uma investigação sobre como é a aprendizagem docente para terem o respaldo teórico e temático sobre a abordagem das relações étnico-raciais no espaço escolar, suprindo o caráter epistemicida da educação num todo (CARNEIRO, 2005). Para tanto, foi realizado um acompanhamento etnográfico (ECKERT e ROCHA, 2008) no período de 6 meses das aulas de dois professores em três escolas da rede pública do estado de Minas Gerais, em Belo Horizonte e Região Metropolitana. Buscando suprir essas ausências temáticas de suas formações acadêmicas, os professores pesquisados buscaram seus meios dentro de suas vivências e meios permeados, compor uma aprendizagem do cotidiano (LAVE, 2015), algo que é explorado ao longo da investigação.
PERSPECTIVAS MULTICULTURAIS E/OU ANTIRRACISTAS DE 2013 A 2020: LEVANTAMENTO DA PRODUÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO A PARTIR DA LEI 10.639/03
Authors: Lima Clarissa , Paulino Jorge Cardoso , Ivenicki Ana
Published: February 2024

O presente artigo apresenta as análises das tendências multiculturais (IVENICKI, 2018, 2020, CANDAU, 2016, SLEETER & McLAREN, 2009) do levantamento da produção do conhecimento em anais a partir da primeira década da Lei 10639/03, isto é 2013 a 2020 do Congresso Brasileiro de Pesquisadores/as Negros/as (COPENE) e das 37ª, 38ª e 39ª Reuniões da Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Educação (ANPEd) por meio do GT 21: Educação e Relações Raciais. Como conclusão do artigo podemos constatar que passados os 10 primeiros meses da sanção da Lei 10.639/03, a referida legislação legitimou tanto aos docentes quanto aos pesquisadores a possibilidade de ruptura curricular eurocêntrica. Nota-se que nas edições iniciais, majoritariamente observamos possiblidades multiculturais de forma implícita, considerando a polissemia do conceito (IVENICKI, 2018).
DA MEDALHA AO PÓDIO DA VIDA: A CONSTRUÇÃO DA IDENTIDADE E REPRESENTATIVIDADE DA MULHER NEGRA NO ESPORTE
Authors: Alves Catarina Messias , Matias de Souza Vania de Fátima
Published: February 2024

A representatividade da mulher negra, na sociedade brasileira, reverbera o (re)conhecimento do seu “eu” para além dos estereótipos impostos, expressos pelo processo de constituição da identidade negra, estabelecida por meios dos constructos sociais tecidos pelas lutas, conquistas e movimentos coletivos estabelecidos pela valoração da igualdade das relações sociais étnico raciais.  No entrelace das relações étnico-raciais e o papel da mulher negra nessa sociedade, objetivou-se analisar as possibilidades de práticas pedagógicas antirracistas, por meio de produções cinematográficas as quais viabilizam situações para o (re)pensar da formação humana. Adotou-se como fonte primária o filme “King Richard: Criando Campeãs” com foco no trato pedagógico para implementação da Lei n. 10.639/2003 na educação básica em relação à representatividade da mulher negra no esporte. Amparada nos pressupostos metodológicos da pesquisa qualitativa, com base na análise de conteúdo, foram elegidas as categorias hegemonia e contradição, elencadas a partir de suas relações com as subcategorias “identidade negra”, “mulher negra no esporte” e “reconhecimento social da mulher negra”. A fotografia apresentada no filme, indicam narrativas que possibilitam, por meio de debates reflexivos, o repensar da formação humana, caminhos didático-pedagógicos para a reconstrução dos imaginários sociais, saberes e conhecimentos antirracistas e valorização da mulher negra no ambiente esportivo e fora dele.
A FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE EM CIÊNCIAS NO CONTEXTO DA EDUCAÇÃO DAS RELAÇÕES ÉTNICO-RACIAIS: UMA REVISÃO DA LITERATURA
Authors: Carvalho Iago Vilaça de , Nascimento Brenda Iolanda Silva do , Costa Fernanda Antunes Gomes da
Published: February 2024

Este artigo é resultado de um levantamento bibliográfico elaborado a partir de uma dissertação do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação em Ciências e Saúde da UFRJ. Nosso estudo tem como objetivo analisar os diálogos que envolvem a Educação das Relações Étnico-Raciais e a formação docente em Ciências, apresentados em pesquisas acadêmicas publicadas entre 2003 e 2022. Acreditamos ser o debate das relações étnico-raciais um caminho possível para a promoção de uma educação dialógica e crítica, alinhada à necessidade de interlocução entre as diferentes áreas do conhecimento, assim como reconhecemos ser urgente que a Ciência e a Educação denunciem e combatam as desigualdades sociais, raciais e de gênero. Apresentamos, então, um estudo de revisão de literatura, bem como os resultados e discussões acerca das contribuições percebidas nas publicações. Nossas análises sugerem um aumento de interesse na temática em questão, um indício das inflexões sociais pleiteadas pelo Movimento Negro. No entanto, o campo ainda se encontra em desenvolvimento e apresenta potencialidades para trabalhos futuros.
CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA LEI 10.639/2003 PARA OS CURRÍCULOS DE UMA LICENCIATURA E DE GEOGRAFIA DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL: FORMAÇÃO CONTÍNUA EM REDE
Authors: Nunes Ferreirinha de Souza Aline , Palmares de Souza Luciano , Barbosa de Oliveira Inês
Published: February 2024

O presente artigo pretende apresentar e discutir a influência da lei 10.639/03 nos currículos de um curso de licenciatura em História de uma instituição privada de ensino isolada, localizada no município de Nova Friburgo-RJ e nos currículos de Geografia da educação básica do munícipio de Niterói, também no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Numa escrita à seis mãos nos debruçamos nesses currículos a partir de uma pesquisa de Mestrado e uma de Doutorado que envolveram um aporte teórico-metodológico-epistemológico-político nos estudos nos/dos/com os cotidianos e que se desenvolveram com base em pilares teóricos, documentais e narrativos. As pesquisas resultaram na tessitura e diálogo entre as fontes citadas, apresentando não só a formalidade curricular a partir da promulgação da lei 10.639/03, mas também como esses currículos foram praticadospensados por alguns docentes em suas práticas cotidianas. Desse modo, pudemos relacionar e trazer ao longo desse texto como os currículos tanto da educação básica quanto da formação de professores se entrelaçam com os desígnios legais, advindos da legislação em questão e refletiram numa educação direcionada para repensar as questões étnico-raciais.
MATRÍCULAS DE ALUNOS PÚBLICO DA EDUCAÇÃO ESPECIAL NA EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL FEDERAL EM MATO GROSSO DO SUL (2009-2021)
Authors: Dalmonech Jaqueline Zanotti , Rebelo Andressa Santos
Published: February 2024

Neste artigo objetiva-se analisar alguns indicadores de matrícula de alunos público-alvo da Educação Especial (PAEE) na educação profissional, científica e tecnológica federal em Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), no período de 2009 a 2021. Teve-se por delimitação o quantitativo de matrículas de alunos público da educação especial em classe comum; dentre essas, matrículas na educação profissional; e matrículas de alunos da educação especial na educação profissional na Rede Federal no estado do Mato Grosso do Sul. Foi realizada a análise de dados disponibilizados pelo Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (INEP), revisão de literatura e análise documental. Os dados evidenciam um aumento no número de matrículas na Rede Federal, no entanto, ainda tímido. Destaca-se ainda, o pequeno número de matrículas do PAEE na educação profissional, científica e tecnológica federal em Mato Grosso do Sul, está relacionada às formas de ingresso nos cursos, que ainda apresentam barreiras para as pessoas com deficiência. Vale ressaltar a importância das condições de acesso, permanência e participação desse PAEE, nos planejamentos de ações para sua participação efetiva nessa modalidade de ensino.
SOBRE A DIDATIZAÇÃO ADINKRA NO BRASIL: POR UMA EDUCAÇÃO MULTICULTURAL, RADICALMENTE DEMOCRÁTICA
Authors: Ribeiro William de Goes
Published: February 2024

Este texto tem como objetivo refletir a respeito da didatização dos Adinkra no Brasil. Através de um referencial pós-estruturalista e pós-colonialista, evoca uma abordagem multicultural radicalmente democrática, a qual preconiza a abertura à diferença, não como sinônimo de diversidade, mas sim como dispositivo para que o novo possa entrar no mundo. O argumento é que os símbolos Adinkra, produção que remonta aos povos Asante e Akan, atualmente à Gana, nos coloca diante de uma abertura de sentidos na impossibilidade da tradução. A produção pedagógica estudada, a qual nos serviu de objeto de análise, busca contribuir com a luta antirracista e descolonizadora que preconiza a Lei 10639/2003. No entanto, apresenta rastros de paradigma eurocentralizado. Com a leitura discursiva, podemos inferir que as propostas podem estar contribuindo com o que se espera combater, se esquivando da dimensão política/performativa da ideia de “cultura africana”. Nos textos didáticos estudados, raça e etnia não são termos debatidos. Os estudos na área, portanto, podem avançar nesse sentido. Todavia, em vez de desmerecer iniciativas de professores e jovens pesquisadores, este texto quer apontar a necessidade de mais estudos e revisões constantes a respeito de um universo sobre o qual sabemos muito pouco que são as múltiplas culturas em África, além de ressaltar a preocupação com desafios e limitações em relação ao tema.
Examination of Industry 4.0 Awareness, Perceptions, and Actions of Employees in Furniture and Board Businesses
Authors: Kırklıkçı Ahmet Bora
Published: February 2024

Industry 4.0 (I 4.0) is a major transformation in manufacturing that is driven by the use of digital technologies. Furniture and board businesses are one of the subsectors of the forest products sector that can benefit from I 4.0. In this study, a survey was administered to 206 employees working in furniture and board businesses to understand their awareness of I 4.0, their perceptions regarding its obstacles and potential benefits and practices. The most widely recognized I 4.0 technology by employees is digital connectivity. Employees also see the potential for I 4.0 to help them implement new business models. However, the main obstacles to implementing I 4.0 are a lack of skilled workers and high costs. Employees of furniture businesses are less aware of I 4.0 than are employees of board businesses. Additionally, only a small percentage of businesses in both sectors have an I 4.0 or smart manufacturing strategy. The results of this study suggest that furniture and board businesses need to do more to raise awareness of I 4.0 and to develop strategies for implementing it. By doing so, they can improve their productivity and competitiveness in the global marketplace. This study was conducted on a relatively small sample in a limited area, so the generalizability of the results is low.
Optical pulling force on a uniaxial anisotropic sphere by a high-order Bessel (vortex) beam
Authors: Li Zheng Jun
Published: February 2024

Based on the generalized Lorenz-Mie theory (GLMT) and the scattering theory of uniaxial spheres, a theoretical approach is introduced to study the axial radiation force (AOF) exerted on a uniaxial anisotropic sphere illuminated by an on-axis high-order Bessel (vortex) beams (HOBVBs). Applying Maxwell’s stress tensor, an analytical expression of the AOF on a uniaxial anisotropic sphere by the on-axis HOBVB is derived. The correctness of the theoretical and numerical results is verified by comparing the AOF on an isotropic sphere by a zero-order Bessel beam (ZOBB) with those results by a plane wave, Gaussian beam, and ZOBB. The focus of this study is to determine some conditions of the tractor beam, so as to realize the inverse motion of an anisotropic sphere through a Bessel beam. The range of optical pulling force (OPF) that can pull particles in reverse motion generated by zero-order and first-order Bessel beams is extended from isotropic spherical particles to anisotropic spherical particles. The effects of the sphere radius, conical angle, and especially electromagnetic anisotropy parameters on the OPF in water or a vacuum environment are discussed in detail. Moreover, the OPF exerted on the uniaxial anisotropic sphere illuminated by a HOBVB with l=2, 3, and 4 is also exhibited. It indicates that the HOBVB with l=2, 3 is also a good tractor beam for the uniaxial anisotropic sphere. The OPF generated by Bessel beams on uniaxial anisotropic spherical particles is not only affected by the conical angle and radius but is also significantly influenced by anisotropic parameters and topological charges. These properties of the OPF are different from those on an isotropic sphere. The theory and results are hopeful to provide an effective theoretical basis for the study of optical micromanipulation of biological and anisotropic complex particles by optical tractor (vortex) beams.
Optimal design of a gravitational wave telescope system for the suppression of stray light
Authors: Liang Rong , Zhou Xiaojun , Xu Huangrong , Wu Dengshan , Li Chenxi , Yu Weixing
Published: February 2024

For gravitational wave detection, the telescope is required to have an ultra-low wavefront error and ultra-high signal-to-noise ratio, where the power of the stray light should be controlled on the order of less than 10−10. In this work, we propose an alternative stray light suppression method for the optical design of an off-axis telescope with four mirrors by carefully considering the optimal optical paths. The method includes three steps. First, in the period of the optical design, the stray light caused by the tertiary mirror and the quaternary mirror is suppressed by increasing the angle formed by the optical axes of the tertiary mirror and the quaternary mirror and reducing the radius of curvature of the quaternary mirror as much as possible to make sure the optical system provides a beam quality with a wavefront error less than λ/80. Next, the stray light could satisfy the requirement of the order of 10−10 when the level of roughness reaches 0.2 nm, and the pollution of mirrors is controlled at the level of CL100. Finally, traditional stray light suppression methods should also be applied to mechanics, including the use of the optical barrier, baffle tube, and black paint. It can be seen that the field stop can efficiently reduce stray light caused by the secondary mirror by more than 55% in the full field of view. The baffle tube mounted on the position of the exit pupil can reduce the overall stray light energy by 5%, and the difference between the ideal absorber (absorption coefficient is 100%) and the actual black paint (absorption coefficient is 90%) is 3.2%. These simulation results are confirmed by the Monte Carlo method for a stray light analysis. Based on the above results, one can conclude that the geometry structure of the optical design, the quality of mirrors, and the light barrier can greatly improve the stray light suppression ability of the optical system, which is vital when developing a gravitational wave telescope with ultra-low stray light energy.
Optical fiber vibration signal recognition based on an efficient multidimensional feature extraction network
Authors: Du Yuzhou , Xu Banglian , Zhang Leihong , Zhang Yiqiang
Published: February 2024

In the field of optical fiber vibration signal recognition, one-dimensional signals have few features. People often used the shallow layer of a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN), which results in fewer features being learned by the network, leading to a poor recognition rate. There are also many complex algorithms and data processing methods, which make the whole signal recognition process more complicated. Therefore, an optical vibration signal recognition method based on an efficient multidimensional feature extraction network was proposed. Based on ResNet-50, efficient channel attention (ECA) was used to improve image features extraction ability, and a long short-term memory (LSTM) network was used to enhance the extraction of temporal features. Three different vibration signals were collected using a phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR) optical fiber sensing system. Vibration signals were converted into 128×128 grayscale images, which have more effective vibration information. The experimental results show that the three types of signals can be recognized and classified effectively by the network, and the average recognition rate is 98.67%.
PDMS diaphragm based miniature fiber-optic Fabry–Perot dynamic pressure sensor for turbomachinery application
Authors: Liu Fengyuan , Ren Sufen , Wang Guanjun , Cai Xiaoshu , Cai Tianyi
Published: February 2024

Small-sized, highly sensitive dynamic pressure sensors are crucial in the field of turbomachinery application. In this paper, a fiber-tip structure dynamic pressure sensor utilizing a small piece of glass tube as the air cavity and PDMS material as the diaphragm was fabricated. It has the advantage of being small in size with the diameter of 125 µm while having high sensitivity of 26.26 pm/kPa. The fabrication process was described in detail, which is simple and cost-effective. The sensor characteristics were studied theoretically and experimentally. Quasi-square pressure signal of different frequencies generated by the siren disk were measured by the sensor and compared with that obtained from the commercial piezoresistive pressure sensor to verify the accuracy of the proposed sensor. The R2 of the four pairs of pressure waveforms were 0.94, 0.81, 0.93, and 0.96, respectively. Stability testing of the sensor was also performed, showing that the sensor can work reliably under dynamic pressure environment.
SBS mitigation by sinusoidal phase modulation of a 1572  nm all-fiber amplifier for lidar CO2 sensing
Authors: Pichon Pierre , Le Gouët Julien , Lombard Laurent
Published: February 2024

Lidar CO2 sensing can be performed by
1572 nm pulsed laser sources. This work presents the
development of a fiber amplifier at this wavelength emitting
1 µs FWHM Gaussian pulses at a repetition rate of
7.5 kHz. We obtain the mitigation of stimulated Brillouin
scattering (SBS) by shaping the seed laser spectrum into a frequency
comb with sinusoidal phase modulation. This frequency comb is
compatible with a coherent dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) method for a
targeted lidar CO2 sensing application. The effect of
the harmonics spacing and relative intensity on the SBS threshold is
studied. Laser pulses are amplified up to 182 µJ (182 W
peak power) from a single-mode erbium (Er) and ytterbium (Yb) co-doped
fiber. Those results hold promise for seeding large mode area Er-Yb
co-doped fiber power amplifiers.
Focus-free single-pixel color-mapping of a reflectance direction field
Authors: Ohno Hiroshi
Published: February 2024

A single-pixel optical system, equipped with a multicolor filter, is proposed for the screening inspection of the surfaces of objects in manufacturing processes. The optical system can identify sub-microscale roughness and detect a microscale defect in a focus-free setting through the color-mapping of reflectance direction fields, as validated by experiments.
Prescriptive method for fiber polarization compensation in two bases
Authors: Strömberg Teodor , Schiansky Peter , Walther Philip
Published: February 2024

Single-mode optical fibers exhibit a small but non-negligible birefringence that induces random polarization rotations during light propagation. In classical interferometry these rotations give rise to polarization-induced fading of the interferometric visibility, and in fiber-based polarimetric sensors as well as quantum optics experiments, they scramble the information encoded in the polarization state. Correcting these undesired rotations is consequently an important part of many experiments and applications employing optical fibers. In this Lab Note we review an efficient method for fully compensating fiber polarization rotations for general input states. This method was not originally devised by us, but does, to the best of our knowledge, not appear in the literature, and our interactions with the community have indicated that it is not well known.
Accurate ray-tracing optical model for coded aperture spectral snapshot imagers
Authors: Rouxel Antoine , Monmayrant Antoine , Lacroix Simon , Camon Henri , Lopez Sébastien
Published: February 2024

The image formation in coded aperture spectral imagers is key information for processing the acquired compress data, and the optical system design and calibration of these instruments require great care. We propose an analytical model for CASSI systems that builds upon ray-tracing equations of each optical component. The model takes into account optical distortions, sampling effects, and optical misalignments, and allows accurate modeling and fast calibration. Numerical comparisons with a simpler model usually exploited in the literature are provided, and an experimental validation is presented.
Design method for engineering the initial structure of a spectrometer
Authors: Yang Zhaoqing , Xue Meng , Guo Hanming
Published: February 2024

A well-considered initial structure plays a key role in the design of an exceptional spectrometer. Previously, the design method for the optical initial structure (MOIS) that has only focused on the optical properties based on simple imaging formulas and coma-free conditions has been extensively researched. However, as the shape and size of any optical component are not considered for the MOIS, the optical parameters before and after optimization are very different, which results in a loss of reference value of the initial structure. In order to address the aforementioned issues, a more efficient design method for engineering initial structure (MEIS) of the spectrometer is proposed, where not only the above optical properties are considered but also the relative position and size of any optical component in order to avoid the interference between the optical components. For the MEIS, three important anti-interference conditions between components are deduced through ray tracing, and the relevant imaging formulas are derived by geometric optics, which leads to the rapid calculation of component parameters and the acquisition of an initial structure satisfying the corresponding design requirements by setting reasonable spacing margins. To verify the validity of the MEIS, a wide-band high-resolution spectrometer system with a large CCD Toucan 216 is designed within a wavelength range of 700–1000 nm and a resolution of 0.5 nm. Compared with the MOIS, the positions of each component in the MEIS are more rationalized, which significantly eliminates the complex optimization processes. For the MEIS, changes only in the position of the image plane occur with minimal variations in the axial and vertical wheelbase (less than 0.5 mm) as well as the deflection angle (only 0.5°), with favorable evaluation indices. The MEIS has an important reference value for the rapid and efficient design of excellent spectrometers.
Photonic comb: a stabilized single-mode fiber etalon for wavelength calibration
Authors: Betters Christopher H. , Leon-Saval Sergio G. , Bland-Hawthorn Joss
Published: February 2024

We present a low-cost alternative to more complex laser metrology systems that uses a single-mode fiber Fabry–Perot etalon to generate an emission spectrum of evenly spaced lines with similar intensities, ideal for calibrating spectrographs (both in terms of wavelength and image quality). The system uses the hyperfine transition lines of 87Rb near 780.24 nm as an absolute reference. By controlling the cavity dimensions by small changes in temperature, we can tune and thus stabilize the transmission spectrum. A 20 Hz PID loop controls the etalon temperature and locks it to the 87Rb transitions. Through this method, we achieve a centroid error/precision of <1m/s (2.6 fm or 1.3 MHz) for 1 s integrations and 1 cm/s (0.026 fm or 13 kHz) for 30 min integrations of the reference line. We also show that a solution can be found to mathematically describe the spectrum. With the correct calibration and environmental controls in place, we show that this setup has the potential to be competitive with the best existing methods based on expensive and cumbersome laser combs.
Low-complexity and low-latency equalization technique – probabilistic noise cancellation
Authors: Stojanović Nebojša , Lin Youxi , Rahman Talha , Calabrò Stefano , Hossain Md Sabbir-Bin , Wettlin Tom Jonas , Kuschnerov Maxim
Published: February 2024

Both inside data centers (DCs) and in short optical links between data centers (DC campuses), intensity-modulation and direct-detection (IMDD) systems using four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) will dominate this decade due to low transceiver price and power consumption. The next DC transceiver generation based on 100 Gbaud PAM4 will require advanced digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms and more powerful forward error correction (FEC) codes. Because of bandwidth limitations, the conventional DC DSP based on a few-tap linear feed-forward equalizer (FFE) is likely to be upgraded to more complex but still low-complexity Volterra equalizers followed by a noise whitening filter and either a maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) or a maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) algorithm. However, stringent power consumption and latency requirements may limit the use of complex algorithms such as decision feedback equalizer (DFE) or MLSE/MAP in DC networks (DCN). In this paper, we introduce a low-complexity, low-latency algorithm based on a feedforward structure, yielding a performance between DFE and MLSE. We call the novel equalization algorithm probabilistic noise cancellation (PNC), since it weights noise patterns based on their probabilities in the presence of bandwidth limitations. The probabilistic weighting is efficiently exploited in correcting correlated errors caused by noise coloring in the FFE.
High energy laser propagation through natural convection of air: A benchmark for validation of numerical simulation
Authors: Fiordilino Joseph , Sweitzer-Siojo Shannon , Vo Tam , Mays Joseph , King Daniel
Published: February 2024

The study of propagation medium effects on lasers continues to be an active area of research. High energy laser (HEL) propagation through planetary atmosphere is particularly nuanced as the beam generates its own flow field and suffers from additional degrading effects. Herein, we construct experimental setups conducive to probing the physics of the laser-atmosphere interaction and generating validation datasets for high fidelity predictive software. Measured and derived parameters are presented and predictive models are generated utilizing random forest regression.
Characterizing collective physical distancing in the U.S. during the first nine months of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Klein Brennan , LaRock Timothy , McCabe Stefan , Torres Leo , Friedland Lisa , Kos Maciej , Privitera Filippo , Lake Brennan , Kraemer Moritz U. G. , Brownstein John S. , Gonzalez Richard , Lazer David , Eliassi-Rad Tina , Scarpino Samuel V. , Vespignani Alessandro , Chinazzi Matteo
Published: February 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic offers an unprecedented natural experiment providing insights into the emergence of collective behavioral changes of both exogenous (government mandated) and endogenous (spontaneous reaction to infection risks) origin. Here, we characterize collective physical distancing—mobility reductions, minimization of contacts, shortening of contact duration—in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the pre-vaccine era by analyzing de-identified, privacy-preserving location data for a panel of over 5.5 million anonymized, opted-in U.S. devices. We define five indicators of users’ mobility and proximity to investigate how the emerging collective behavior deviates from typical pre-pandemic patterns during the first nine months of the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyze both the dramatic changes due to the government mandated mitigation policies and the more spontaneous societal adaptation into a new (physically distanced) normal in the fall 2020. Using the indicators here defined we show that: a) during the COVID-19 pandemic, collective physical distancing displayed different phases and was heterogeneous across geographies, b) metropolitan areas displayed stronger reductions in mobility and contacts than rural areas; c) stronger reductions in commuting patterns are observed in geographical areas with a higher share of teleworkable jobs; d) commuting volumes during and after the lockdown period negatively correlate with unemployment rates; and e) increases in contact indicators correlate with future values of new deaths at a lag consistent with epidemiological parameters and surveillance reporting delays. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the framework and indicators here presented can be used to analyze large-scale social distancing phenomena, paving the way for their use in future pandemics to analyze and monitor the effects of pandemic mitigation plans at the national and international levels.
Trends of non-vaccination, under-vaccination and missed opportunities for vaccination (2003–2014) amongst children 0–23 months in Kenya
Authors: Odero Christopher Ochieng’ , Othero Doreen , Were Vincent Omondi , Ouma Collins
Published: February 2024

Vaccines are effective and cost-effective. Non-vaccination, under-vaccination, and missed opportunities for vaccination (MOV), have contributed to incomplete vaccination coverage in Kenya. Analyzing their trends is essential for targeting interventions and improvement strategies. This study aimed to assess trends of non-vaccination, under-vaccination, and MOV among children aged 0–23 months in Kenya using data obtained from the Kenya Demographic and Health Surveys (KDHS) conducted in 2003, 2008/09, and 2014. A two-stage, multi-stage, and stratified sampling technique was used. Weighted analysis was conducted to ensure generalizability to the full population. Using the KDHS sample size estimation process, the sample size was estimated for each indicator, with varying standard error estimates, level of coverage and estimated response rates. Final sample size was 2380 (2003), 2237 (2008/09) and 7380 (2014). To determine the level of non-vaccination, under-vaccination and MOV among children aged 0–23 months, a weighted descriptive analysis was used to estimate their prevalence, with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each year. MOV was defined using an algorithm as a binary variable. Data coding and recoding were done using Stata (version 14; College Station, TX: StataCorp LP). Trends in proportions of non-vaccination, under-vaccination and MOV were compared between 2003, 2008/09, and 2014 using the Cochrane-Armitage trend test. All results with P≤0.05 were considered statistically significant. Trends in proportion of non-vaccination among children aged 0–23 months in Kenya was 13.2%, 6.1% and 3.2% in 2003, 2008/09 and 2014, respectively (P = 0.0001). Trends in proportion of under-vaccination among children aged 0–23 months in Kenya was 54.3%, 50% and 51.3% in 2003, 2008/09 and 2014, respectively (P = 0.0109). The trends in proportion of children who experienced MOV was 22.7% in 2003, 31.9% in 2008/09 and 37.6% in 2014 (P = 0.0001). In the study duration, non-vaccination decreased by 10%, under-vaccination remained relatively stable, and MOV increased by ~15%. There is need for the Government and partners to implement initiatives that improve vaccine access and coverage, particularly in regions with low coverage rates, and to address missed opportunities for vaccination.
Cytotoxic metabolites from Sinularia levi supported by network pharmacology
Authors: Sun Mingna , Abdelwahab Miada F. , Zhang Jianye , Samy Mamdouh Nabil , Mohamed Nada M. , Abdel-Rahman Islam M. , Alsenani Faisal , Abdelmohsen Usama Ramadan , Mahmoud Basma Khalaf
Published: February 2024

The in-vitro anti-proliferative evaluation of Sinularia levi total extract against three cell lines revealed its potent effect against Caco-2 cell line with IC50 3.3 μg/mL, followed by MCF-7 and HepG-2 with IC50 6.4 μg/mL and 8.5 μg/mL, respectively, in comparison to doxorubicin. Metabolic profiling of S. levi total extract using liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-HR-ESI-MS) revealed the presence of phytoconstituents clusters consisting mainly of steroids and terpenoids (1–20), together with five metabolites 21–25, which were additionally isolated and identified through the phytochemical investigation of S. levi total extract through various chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. The isolated metabolites included one sesquiterpene, two steroids and two diterpenes, among which compounds prostantherol (21) and 12-hydroperoxylsarcoph-10-ene (25) were reported for the first time in Sinularia genus. The cytotoxic potential evaluation of the isolated compounds revealed variable cytotoxic effects against the three tested cell lines. Compound 25 was the most potent with IC50 value of 2.13 ± 0.09, 3.54 ± 0.07 and 5.67 ± 0.08 μg/mL against HepG-2, MCF-7 and Caco-2, respectively, followed by gorgosterol (23) and sarcophine (24). Additionally, network analysis showed that cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) was encountered in the mechanism of action of the three cancer types. Molecular docking analysis revealed that CDK1 inhibition could possibly be the reason for the cytotoxic potential.
Oral health community engagement programs for rural communities: A scoping review
Authors: Nghayo Hlulani Alloy , Palanyandi Celeste Ellouise , Ramphoma Khabiso Jemima , Maart Ronel
Published: February 2024

This scoping review aims to identify the available literature on oral health community engagement programs that have been developed to guide oral health care in rural communities and to summarize their outcomes. This review was conducted using the 5-stage scoping review framework outlined by Arksey and O’Malley. We conducted a literature search with defined eligibility criteria through electronic databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, EBSCOhost, and Wiley Online; other well-established online scientific health and dental organizations such as the WHO, the Fédération Dentaire Internationale of the World Dental Federation, the American Dental Association, and the South African Dental Association; and grey literature spanning the time interval from January 2012 to August 2023. The charted data were classified, analysed, and reported using descriptive and thematic analyses. A total of 19 records were included in the final review. These records were classified into four categories of interventions: community-based, school-based, integrated dental-based, and non-dental volunteer oral health programs. The findings imply that there is a growing appreciation for the significance of qualitative data in enhancing oral healthcare interventions and outcomes. Furthermore, the study showed that oral health strategies were successful in shaping the understanding and perception of oral health among children and mothers/caregivers, and in improving the oral health and quality of life of edentulous older adults and children living in rural communities.
Psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the perceived prosthodontic treatment need scale: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses
Authors: Sharka Rayan
Published: February 2024

Background

It is crucial to take into account the concerns of dental patients about their prosthodontic needs when planning the course of treatment. However, there is a dearth of research that examines these needs among adult dental patients.

Objectives

This study aims to translate and validate the perceived prosthodontic treatment need scale (PPTN) in Arabic.

Methods

The 17-item PPTN scale was translated from English into Arabic and completed by 206 patients seeking prosthodontic treatment in a dental hospital in Saudi Arabia. Data collection was carried out in September and October 2023. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to ascertain the underlying factor structure; a unidimensional scale was hypothesised and tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), including several multiple model fit indices. The assessment of reliability was conducted using Cronbach’s alpha. The convergent and discriminant validity of the final scale were examined.

Results

EFA produced an 11-item scale distributed into three factors that explain 65.43% of the total variance with eigenvalues > 1. All items showed acceptable reliability, ranging from 0.65 to 0.84. The first factor pertained to social issues, while the second item was concerning dental appearance. Lastly, the third factor included functional difficulties associated with tooth loss or dental problems. The results of the CFA demonstrate a satisfactory level of model fit, with the standardised factor loadings ranging from 0.51 to 0.89. Convergent and discriminant validity of the model factors were established.

Conclusion

The translated questionnaire was deemed legitimate and would be useful in comprehending patients’ perceived treatment requirements, hence contributing to the advancement of prosthodontic research and practical implementation.
O Estado Constitucional Monárquico de Governo Moderado: Contributo para a Compreensão do Constitucionalismo Oitocentista. Volume I - Coordenadas e Fundamentos
Authors: Moniz Ana Raquel
Published: February 2024

O momento atual, caracterizado pela indefinição do constitucionalismo e do conceito de constituição nos contextos nacional, comparado e global, não pode desprezar as raízes do movimento constitucional. Alicerçado a partir do pensamento moderno, tumultuado nas revoluções liberais, e relativamente estabilizado a partir do Congresso de Viena, o constitucionalismo oitocentista viu nascer uma específica arquitetura institucional informada por dimensões materiais, cuja influência se mantém. A obra visa, pois, analisar as coordenadas que baseiam os diversos modelos constitucionais e delinear os respetivos fundamentos.
Sustainability assessment of the energy generation systems
Authors: Drożdż Wojciech , Vovk Yuriy , Widera Katarzyna , Łopatka Agnieszka , Gawlik Andrzej
Published: February 2024

Purpose: This paper aims to assess the sustainability of energy generation systems in various European Union countries. It seeks to understand the diverse challenges and opportunities these countries face in transitioning to sustainable energy. Methodology: The study employs a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) approach, considering economic, environmental, and social aspects. Data from various databases, including Eurostat, the International Energy Agency, and the World Bank, were analyzed. Results: The results reveal significant variations in sustainability performance across different countries and regions. With strong policy support and high public awareness, Scandinavian countries generally performed well across all sustainability indicators. In contrast, Eastern European countries faced more challenges due to their heavy reliance on fossil fuels. Theoretical Contribution: This study contributes to the ongoing discourse on sustainable energy by providing a comprehensive assessment of the sustainability of energy generation systems. It underscores the complex and multifaceted nature of sustainability and the various factors that influence it. Practical Implications: The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and energy providers. They highlight the importance of policy support, public awareness, and acceptance in promoting sustainable energy. They also underscore the need for continued efforts and interventions to address the challenges faced by countries heavily reliant on fossil fuels.
Development of a Teacher Agency Inventory for Elementary School Teachers
Authors:   Center For Educational Research, Kim Jino , Lee Jieun , Lee Jihee , Joo Haeri , Kim Hyunwook
Published: February 2024

Purpose: In order to emphasize the role of elementary school teachers as agents of change and discuss
this in practice, it is necessary to specify the construct factors of the elementary school teacher agency.
Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to derive the constructs of elementary school teacher agency
and to develop and validate an inventory that can measure it.
Methods: A survey was conducted targeting elementary school teachers to verify the statistical validity
of the inventory. Content validity was secured through expert review of the questions, and construct
validity was verified using exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural
equation modeling. Finally, concurrent validity was verified through correlation with the reference
inventory.
Results: The inventory consisting of five constructs was extracted. The five constructs were
‘commitment to educational goals’, ‘collective efficacy’, ‘awareness of autonomy’, ‘professional
reflection’, and ‘perception of influence’. Agency of elementary school teachers was a concept that
encompassed actions from the individual level of developing expertise by oneself to the collective
level of behavior that had a positive impact on various targets by collaborating with students, colleagues,
and other individuals.
Conclusion: The inventory of agency for elementary school teachers will provide a perspective to
view them as social agents who can participate and speak out their voices in their own educational
activities and issues of the educational community. It is also significant in that this inventory can
be used as a conceptual framework to support an environment for elementary school teachers to
demonstrate agency and share meaning in practice.
A Study on the Experiences of Preparing for the Elementary School Teacher Employment Examination and Self-directedness of Learners
Authors:   Center For Educational Research, Shim Mi Ock
Published: February 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand how students in the process of preparing for
the elementary school teacher employment examination showed self-directedness of learners. The
research focused on how the self-directedness of learners was related to the diverse modes of actions,
recognitions, and situations of the participants’experiences preparing for the elementary school teacher
employment examination.
Methods: The participants of this study were eight senior students who were preparing for the elementary
school teacher employment examination. Data from intensive interviews and a reflective description of
students during the process of the teacher employment examination preparation were collected and
analyzed based on the perspective of Charmaz's(2011; 2013) constructivist grounded theory.
Results: In the context of preparing for the employment examination, the participants showed restricted
self-directedness focused on methodological self-directedness to adapt to the examination situation
where they were focused on passing. On the contrary, in the context of preparing to be a teacher,
participants showed self-directedness oriented by the willingness to grow as a teacher.
Conclusion: It was found that adult learners might be located in different situations simultaneously
in the process of preparing for the teacher employment examination. One was the situation of preparing
for the employment examination, and the other was the situation of preparing to be a teacher. Moreover,
each situation affected the self-directedness of the learners differently.
Exploring Predictive Factors in the Career Decision-Making of General High School Students Using the Random Forest Algorithm
Authors:   Center For Educational Research, Park Chan-heung
Published: February 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the predictive factors influencing the career decision-making
of first-year students in general high schools in South Korea, and to propose educational approaches
and support measures based on this analysis.
Methods: Using data from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS) 2018, we applied
the Random Forest algorithm to analyze predictive factors in students' career decision-making. During
this process, seventy-six variables were included to identify key predictors.
Results: The analysis revealed that factors such as career confidence, career curiosity, frequency of
youth activities, study time, and club activity frequency are significant predictors of students' career
decisions. These factors have a complex impact on the career decision-making process, closely related
to the students' social and academic environments.
Conclusion: This research emphasizes the importance of educational interventions that enhance
students' confidence and curiosity in the career decision-making process. It also suggests the need
for a multidisciplinary approach to encourage and support students' participation in various activities.