bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural homology of myelin basic protein and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor: Significance in the pathogenesis of complex regional pain syndrome
Authors: Shubayev Veronica I , Strongin Alex Y , Yaksh Tony L
Published: November 2018

Complex regional pain syndrome is an extremely painful condition that develops after trauma to a limb. Complex regional pain syndrome exhibits autoimmune features in part mediated by autoantibodies against muscarinic‐2 acetylcholine (M2) receptor. The mechanisms underlying the M2 receptor involvement in complex regional pain syndrome remain obscure. Based on our recent work demonstrating that limb nerve trauma releases a potent proalgesic, immunodominant myelin basic protein fragment, our present sequence database analyses reveal an unexpected and previously undescribed structural homology of the proalgesic myelin basic protein fragment with the M2 receptor. As both complex regional pain syndrome and the proalgesic myelin basic protein activity are prevalent in females, this myelin basic protein/M2 homology presents an inviting hypothesis explaining the mechanisms of autoimmune pathogenesis and sexual dimorphism that underlies vulnerability toward developing complex regional pain syndrome and other pain states with neuropathic features. This hypothesis may aid in the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to chronic pain.
A novel gain-of-function Nav1.7 mutation in a carbamazepine-responsive patient with adult-onset painful peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Adi Talia , Estacion Mark , Schulman Betsy R , Vernino Steven , Dib-Hajj Sulayman D , Waxman Stephen G
Published: November 2018

Voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.7 is a threshold channel in peripheral dorsal root ganglion (DRG), trigeminal ganglion, and sympathetic ganglion neurons. Gain-of-function mutations in Nav1.7 have been shown to increase excitability in DRG neurons and have been linked to rare Mendelian and more common pain disorders. Discovery of Nav1.7 variants in patients with pain disorders may expand the spectrum of painful peripheral neuropathies associated with a well-defined molecular target, thereby providing a basis for more targeted approaches for treatment. We screened the genome of a patient with adult-onset painful peripheral neuropathy characterized by severe burning pain and report here the new Nav1.7-V810M variant. Voltage-clamp recordings were used to assess the effects of the mutation on biophysical properties of Nav1.7 and the response of the mutant channel to treatment with carbamazepine (CBZ), and multi-electrode array (MEA) recordings were used to assess the effects of the mutation on the excitability of neonatal rat pup DRG neurons. The V810M variant increases current density, shifts activation in a hyperpolarizing direction, and slows kinetics of deactivation, all gain-of-function attributes. We also show that DRG neurons that express the V810M variant become hyperexcitable. The patient responded to treatment with CBZ. Although CBZ did not depolarize activation of the mutant channel, it enhanced use-dependent inhibition. Our results demonstrate the presence of a novel gain-of-function variant of Nav1.7 in a patient with adult-onset painful peripheral neuropathy and the responsiveness of that patient to treatment with CBZ, which is likely due to the classical mechanism of use-dependent inhibition.
Conducting Registered Report Research: A Conversation With Matthew McBee and Scott Peters
Authors: Kettler Todd
Published: November 2018

The movement toward open-science is multifaceted with the general goal to promote both better scientific practices and greater access to scientific information. One aspect of the open-science framework is the recommended use of registered reports replacing the legacy model that dictates research manuscripts are submitted for initial review only after the completion of the study and the development of a full manuscript. At the time of this conversation, 125 journals were participating in the initiative to accept registered reports. At the completion of the conversation, that number had increased to 130. The majority of those journals are in the fields of psychology and medicine. Gifted Child Quarterly and the Journal of Advanced Academics were among the first education journals to open their editorial policies to accept and encourage registered report research. Matthew McBee and Scott Peters have consistently advocated for this movement toward registered reports and open science in gifted education and advanced academic research. This interview shares their rationale for the movement toward registered reports and the potential benefits to research in the fields of gifted education and advanced academics.
Diabetes Technology Society Report on the FDA Digital Health Software Precertification Program Meeting
Authors: King Fraya , Klonoff David C. , Ahn David , Adi Saleh , Berg Erika Gebel , Bian Jiang , Chen Kong , Drincic Andjela , Heyl Michael , Magee Michelle , Mulvaney Shelagh , Pavlovic Yarmela , Prahalad Priya , Ryan Michael , Sabharwal Ashutosh , Shah Shahid , Spanakis Elias , Thompson Bradley Merrill , Thompson Michael , Wang Jing
Published: November 2018

Diabetes Technology Society (DTS) convened a meeting about the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Digital Health Software Precertification Program on August 28, 2018. Forty-eight attendees participated from clinical and academic endocrinology (both adult and pediatric), nursing, behavioral health, engineering, and law, as well as representatives of FDA, National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA), and industry. The meeting was intended to provide ideas to FDA about their plan to launch a Digital Health Software Precertification Program. Attendees discussed the four components of the plan: (1) excellence appraisal and certification, (2) review pathway determination, (3) streamlined premarket review process, and (4) real-world performance. The format included (1) introductory remarks, (2) a program overview presentation from FDA, (3) roundtable working sessions focused on each of the Software Precertification Program’s four components, (4) presentations reflecting the discussions, (5) questions to and answers from FDA, and (6) concluding remarks. The meeting provided useful information to the diabetes technology community and thoughtful feedback to FDA.
Efficacy and Safety of Daflon® in the Treatment of Idiopathic Epistaxis
Authors: Attia Tamer M.
Published: November 2018

Background

Epistaxis is a very common ENT emergency with the idiopathic variety being the commonest type. Daflon® is a mixture of flavonoids with beneficial vascular effects that may help in the treatment of epistaxis.

Objective

To assess the efficacy and safety of Daflon® in the treatment of idiopathic epistaxis.

Methods

This is an open-label randomized clinical trial conducted on patients with idiopathic epistaxis comparing 1 group receiving Daflon® for 1 month and a second group receiving Daflon® for 3 months with a control group receiving nothing. The groups were evaluated regarding the number of visits to an emergency room and the number of patients needing cautery as indicators for the control of epistaxis. Also, the severity of epistaxis was assessed using epistaxis severity score (ESS) before and after treatment. We followed the patients for 1 year to determine the long-term effect of both drug protocols.

Results

The study included 450 patients distributed equally among the 3 study groups. The administration of Daflon® whether for 1 month or 3 months resulted in a significant improvement in our indicators for control of epistaxis including the number of patients visiting an emergency room and those needing cauterization after the failure of light nasal packing when compared with control group. Also, the severity of epistaxis as defined by the ESS was significantly less at the end of each treatment period and at 1-year follow-up when compared with the pretreatment severity. However, the use of Daflon® for 3 months was associated with a significantly more epistaxis control at 1-year follow-up when compared with the 1-month administration.

Conclusion

Daflon® is a very effective and safe method for controlling idiopathic epistaxis. However, the daily use of Daflon® for 3 months has a more significant long-term beneficial effect than 1 month of use.
Is the Recovery of Failing Scenario Analysis a Legitimate and Valuable Activity?
Authors: Leseure Michel
Published: November 2018

There is a rich academic literature about scenario planning expressing concerns with improving the effectiveness of scenario analysis as a process and with scenario methods being misused. Controlling for process execution and reacting to unforeseen events to avoid downside risks is the domain of operational control. Mechanisms for operational control are normally deployed ex ante, in-process, and ex post. A review of the scenario analysis literature from an operational control perspective leads to the conclusion that ex ante control mechanisms are extensively discussed. In-process control mechanisms are also discussed extensively but only by some authors. Ex post controls are almost never discussed. This suggests that when a scenario analysis goes wrong it cannot be reworked or recovered. This is a surprising implicit proposition and this article uses a case study approach to challenge this omission and to conclude that, like for many other business processes, rework and recovery of scenario analysis can be a legitimate and valuable activity.
Osteofibrous dysplasia arising in the humerus: A case report
Authors: Yoshida Shinichirou , Watanuki Munenori , Hayashi Kouu , Hosaka Masami , Hagiwara Yoshihiro , Itoi Eiji , Hatori Masahito , Hitachi Shin , Watanabe Mika
Published: November 2018

Osteofibrous dysplasia is a benign fibro-osseous lesion of bone which is most commonly occurred in cortical bone of anterior mid-shaft of the tibia of infancy and childhood. This study reported a case of osteofibrous dysplasia arising in the humerus of adult, resulting in good prognosis after a surgical treatment. A 34-year-old male had felt left upper arm pain and was suspected as having a bone tumor at the humeral shaft by X-ray pictures. The tumor was suspected as the osteofibrous dysplasia of the humerus by a core needle biopsy. Intralesional curettage, intraoperative anhydrous ethanol therapy, and artificial bone graft were performed. Surgical specimens showed fibro-osseous lesion, which strongly indicated osteofibrous dysplasia. Seven years after the surgery, he has lived without any local recurrence and complaints. It is important to recognize that osteofibrous dysplasia can arise in the humerus of an older patient for appropriate diagnosis.
Serous cystadenoma of pancreas: A clinicopathologic experience of 23 cases from a major tertiary care center
Authors: Tariq Muhammad Usman , Ahmad Zubair , Abdul-Ghafar Jamshid , Din Nasir Ud
Published: November 2018

Background:

Serous cystadenomas of pancreas are rare benign epithelial neoplasms, which predominantly occur in the pancreatic body and tail of elderly females. Majority of these tumors have microcystic appearance. Macrocystic and solid variants have also been described. A number of more aggressive cystic pancreatic lesions are included in the differential diagnosis. Distinction from such lesions is important for optimal management.

Objective:

Our aim was to study the clinical and histological features of serous cystadenomas which would be helpful in making their correct diagnosis and understanding their behavior.

Methods:

We reviewed 23 cases of serous cystadenomas diagnosed in our institution between January 2001 and June 2018.

Results:

Mean age at presentation was 53.43 years. Female to male ratio was 4.75:1. Over half (56.5%) of the cases were diagnosed incidentally. Abdominal pain was the most common symptom. Body and tail (either alone or in combination) were the most common locations. Tumor size ranged from 2 to 16 cm. Central scar was seen in 43.4% cases. Two cases were unilocular (macrocystic). Microscopically, all cases showed simple cuboidal to flattened epithelium with round, uniform nuclei, and glycogen-rich clear cytoplasm. Focal micropapillae formation was seen in eight cases (34.7%). Surgical resection was performed in 82.6% cases. Recurrence occurred in only one single case.

Conclusion:

Pancreatic serous cystadenomas are benign neoplasms with excellent prognosis. The tumors showed typical morphological features in all cases. Surgical resection was performed in the majority of cases in our study owing to lack of optimal and complete radiological workup pre-operatively and the concern for not missing and adequately treating pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasms.
An investigation of effects of instructional videos in an undergraduate physics course
Authors: Ketsman Olha , Daher Tareq , Colon Santana Juan A
Published: November 2018

This mixed methods study focuses on the use of instructional videos in an undergraduate physics classroom. Previous research has explored the effects of videos on student performance however, limited research exists on the effects of science instructional videos with embedded quiz questions on student achievement. This study compares students’ performance when a problem-solving physics video is presented to students with embedded quiz questions versus videos with quiz questions presented after the video. Additionally, the study explores students’ attitudes and preferences toward the positioning of questions in videos when learning independently. A total of 111 college students enrolled in the introductory physics course at the large Midwestern University were randomly assigned into two groups to participate in the intervention. Students completed pre and post surveys, watched instructional video and completed quiz that covered content discussed in the video that either was embedded or was presented post-video watching. The quantitative analysis did not result in statistical significance in students’ performance when groups were compared. However, qualitative analysis demonstrated strong student preferences toward the use of video in STEM classrooms when scientific problem-solving content is taught, stronger engagement with content when quizzes were embedded, and desire for immediate feedback. The study has implications for faculty who use videos and quizzing in their classroom or consider using videos in the future.
An Adjustable Dalteparin Sodium Dose Regimen for the Prevention of Clotting in the Extracorporeal Circuit in Hemodialysis: A Clinical Trial of Safety and Efficacy (the PARROT Study)
Authors: Soroka Steven , Agharazii Mohsen , Donnelly Sandra , Roy Louise , Muirhead Norman , Cournoyer Serge , MacKinnon Martin , Pannu Neesh , Barrett Brendan , Madore François , Tennankore Karthik , Wilson Jo-Anne , Hilton Fiona , Sherman Nancy , Wolter Kevin , Orazem John , Feugère Guillaume
Published: November 2018

Background:

Dalteparin sodium, a low-molecular-weight heparin, is indicated for prevention of clotting in the extracorporeal circuit during hemodialysis (HD). Product labeling recommends a fixed single-bolus dose of 5000 international units (IU) for HD sessions lasting up to 4 hours, but adjustable dosing may be beneficial in clinical practice.

Objective:

The aim of the PARROT study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of an adjustable dose of dalteparin in patients with end-stage renal disease requiring 3 to 4 HD sessions per week.

Design:

A 7-week, open-label, multicenter study with a single treatment arm, conducted between October 2013 and March 2016.

Setting:

Ten sites in Canada.

Patients:

A total of 152 patients with end-stage renal disease requiring 3 to 4 HD sessions per week.

Measurements:

The primary outcome was the proportion of HD sessions completed without premature termination due to inadequate anticoagulation.

Methods:

All participants initially received a dose of 5000 IU dalteparin, which could be adjusted at subsequent HD sessions when clinically indicated, by increment or decrement of 500 or 1000 IU, with no specified dose limits.

Results:

Patients were followed for 256 patient-months. Nearly all (99.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 99.7-100) evaluable HD sessions were completed without premature clotting. Dose was adjusted for more than half (52.3%) of participants, mostly owing to clotting or access compression time >10 minutes. Median dalteparin dose was 5000 IU (range: 500-13 000 IU). There were no major bleeds, and minor bleeding was reported in 2.3% of all HD sessions. There was no evidence of bioaccumulation.

Limitations:

This short-term study, with a single treatment arm, was designed to optimize dalteparin dose using a flexible dosing schedule; it was not designed to specifically evaluate dalteparin dose minimization, provide a direct comparison of dalteparin versus unfractionated heparin, or provide information on long-term safety for flexible dalteparin dosing. Patients were excluded if they were at high risk of bleeding, including those on anticoagulants and those on antiplatelet agents other than aspirin <100 mg/d.

Conclusions:

Overall, an adjustable dalteparin sodium dose regimen allowed safe completion of HD, with clinical benefits over fixed dosing.

Trial Registration:

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01879618, registered June 13, 2013.
The overlap of sense of coherence and the Big Five personality traits: A confirmatory study
Authors: Kase Takayoshi , Ueno Yuki , Oishi Kazuo
Published: November 2018

Sense of coherence is the perception of the world as coherent. Its conceptual similarities to the Big Five personality traits have been demonstrated. We therefore investigated the relationship between sense of coherence and the Big Five. In total, 1088 Japanese youths completed the 29-item Sense of Coherence Scale and the Ten-Item Personality Inventory. Neuroticism was negatively correlated and extraversion was positively correlated with comprehensibility ( r = −.47, .35), manageability ( r = −.44, .26), and meaningfulness ( r = −.28, .30). These correlations were strong, and the overlap between the two scales was about 36 percent. While the Big Five are related to sense of coherence, their differences cannot be ignored.
Calcified Thoracic Disc Herniations in the Elderly: Revisiting the Laminectomy for Single Level Disease
Authors: Oitment Colby , Kwok Desmond , Steyn Chris
Published: November 2018

Study Design:

Retrospective case series.

Objectives:

Calcified thoracic disc herniations in the elderly present with a variety of clinical conditions and the treatment is a source of significant debate. Decompression of the disc space is done through anterior, lateral, posterolateral, and posterior approaches. There is significant morbidity of thoracic disc herniation and associated decompression.

Methods:

The present report is a case series of 8 elderly patients with calcified discopathy who received a simple laminectomy without decompression of the disc space.

Results:

Postoperatively, 5 patients mobilized independently, 2 with a walker, and 1 patient was nonambulatory. Two patients improved 1 ASIA (American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale) score, 1 patient improved 2 ASIA scores, and 3 patients had no change in ASIA score.

Conclusion:

In our experience, thoracic disc herniations require a technically difficult decompression and overall the complications are significant. We present a series of 8 patients who generally improved from a simple laminectomy and consider this a viable procedure for patients too unwell to undergo direct disc decompression.
Production of nanopowders from physical vapor deposited films on nonmetallic substrates by conjunctional freezing-assisted ultrasonic extraction method
Authors: Hammadi Oday A
Published: November 2018

A new technique to extract nanoscale powders from thin films deposited by a physical vapor deposition method on nonmetallic substrates is proposed. Powders were extracted from films of different materials, such as silicon, nickel, copper, iron, aluminum and cobalt, and compounds, such as aluminum nitride, aluminum oxide, copper oxide, iron oxide, nickel cobaltite, nickel ferrite, nickel oxide, silicon carbide, silicon nitride and silicon oxide. These thin films were deposited on glass substrates by magnetron sputtering, pulsed-laser deposition, spray pyrolysis or thermal evaporation, and the particle sizes of the extracted powders were comparable to those of film samples. This technique is fast, low cost, reliable, highly clean and appropriate for large-scale samples.
Myeloablative vs reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Chhabra Saurabh , Ahn Kwang Woo , Hu Zhen-Huan , Jain Sandeep , Assal Amer , Cerny Jan , Copelan Edward A. , Daly Andrew , DeFilipp Zachariah , Gadalla Shahinaz M. , Gale Robert Peter , Ganguly Siddhartha , Hamilton Betty K. , Hildebrandt Gerhard Carl , Hsu Jack W. , Inamoto Yoshihiro , Kanate Abraham S. , Khoury H. Jean , Lazarus Hillard M. , Litzow Mark R. , Nathan Sunita , Olsson Richard F. , Pawarode Attaphol , Ringden Olle , Rowe Jacob M. , Saad Ayman , Savani Bipin N. , Schouten Harry C. , Seo Sachiko , Shah Nirav N. , Solh Melhem , Stuart Robert K. , Ustun Celalettin , Woolfrey Ann E. , Yared Jean A. , Alyea Edwin P. , Kalaycio Matt E. , Popat Uday , Sobecks Ronald M. , Saber Wael
Published: November 2018

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is a potentially curative treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Optimal conditioning intensity for allo-HCT for CML in the era of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is unknown. Using the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research database, we sought to determine whether reduced-intensity/nonmyeloablative conditioning (RIC) allo-HCT and myeloablative conditioning (MAC) result in similar outcomes in CML patients. We evaluated 1395 CML allo-HCT recipients between the ages of 18 and 60 years. The disease status at transplant was divided into the following categories: chronic phase 1, chronic phase 2 or greater, and accelerated phase. Patients in blast phase at transplant and alternative donor transplants were excluded. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS) after allo-HCT. MAC (n = 1204) and RIC allo-HCT recipients (n = 191) from 2007 to 2014 were included. Patient, disease, and transplantation characteristics were similar, with a few exceptions. Multivariable analysis showed no significant difference in OS between MAC and RIC groups. In addition, leukemia-free survival and nonrelapse mortality did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. Compared with MAC, the RIC group had a higher risk of early relapse after allo-HCT (hazard ratio [HR], 1.85; P = .001). The cumulative incidence of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) was lower with RIC than with MAC (HR, 0.77; P = .02). RIC provides similar survival and lower cGVHD compared with MAC and therefore may be a reasonable alternative to MAC for CML patients in the TKI era.
Assessment and Management of Patients With Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression: A Multidisciplinary Review
Authors: Lawton Andrew J. , Lee Kathleen A. , Cheville Andrea L. , Ferrone Marco L. , Rades Dirk , Balboni Tracy A. , Abrahm Janet L.
Published: November 2018

Purpose

Metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC) can be a catastrophic manifestation of advanced cancer that causes immobilizing pain and significant neurologic impairment. Oncologists can protect their patients by having a high index of suspicion for MSCC when patients present with new or worsening back pain before motor, sensory, bowel, or bladder deficits develop. We provide an updated, evidence-based narrative review of the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of MSCC.

Methods

This narrative review was conducted by searching MEDLINE and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for relevant literature on the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with MSCC. The article addresses the key elements of MSCC management germane to the medical oncologist, with special attention given to pain and symptom management, decision making with regard to surgery and radiation therapy, the importance of rehabilitative care, and the value of a multidisciplinary approach.

Results

Magnetic resonance imaging of the entire spine is recommended for the diagnosis of MSCC. Treatment includes glucocorticoid therapy, pain management, radiation therapy with or without surgery, and specialized rehabilitation. When formulating a treatment plan, clinicians should consider the patient’s care goals and psychosocial needs.

Conclusion

Prompt diagnosis and treatment of MSCC can reduce pain and prevent irreversible functional loss. Regular collaboration among multidisciplinary providers may streamline care and enhance achievement of treatment goals.
Feeling Backward with Albert Nobbs
Authors: Koch-Rein Anson
Published: November 2018

Drawing on Heather Love and Dan Irving, this piece argues that Rodrigo García's film Albert Nobbs has a place in transgender studies because it offers a cinematic opportunity to engage in feeling backward, to view sadness, dysphoria, and loneliness as part of an important, (re)current register of transgender affect.
Periodic, moderate water flow reversibly increases hair bundle density and size in Nematostella vectensis
Authors: Campbell Allison , Dykes Ashlyn , Mire Patricia
Published: November 2018

Animals employ hair bundles on hair cells to detect flow, vibrations, and gravity. Hair bundles on sea anemone tentacles detect nearby vibrations in the water column produced by prey movements and then regulate discharge of cnidae to capture prey. This study investigates (i): the progressive effects of periodic water flow on hair bundle morphology and density of hair bundles and cnidae in sea anemones, (ii): the reversibility of the flow response and (iii): the ability of the response to be expedited with increased flow duration. Linear density of hair bundles along tentacles and each hair bundle's dimensions was measured in anemones exposed to flow and in the absence of flow. With increasing days of flow, hair bundles in anemones exposed to flow for one hour every week day for twenty days increased in density and grew longer and wider at bases and middles whereas controls did not. Time courses fit to a linear function exhibited significantly larger positive slopes from animals exposed to flow compared to controls. Hair bundles in anemones exposed to flow for three hours each day increased in linear density, length, base-width and middle-width after ten days of flow and returned to control levels after ten days following cessation of flow. An apparent increase in density of cnidae with flow barely missed statistical significance. Therefore, anemone hair bundles are dynamically and reversibly modified by periodic, moderate flow to become more abundant and robust. These findings may have relevance to hair cells in acoustico-lateralis systems of higher animals.
Temperature and dehydration effects on metabolism, water uptake, and the partitioning between respiratory and cutaneous evaporative water loss in a terrestrial toad
Authors: Senzano Luis Miguel , Andrade Denis Vieira
Published: November 2018

Terrestrial anurans often experience fluctuations in body temperature and hydration state, which are known to influence evaporative water loss through the skin (EWLSkin) and lungs (EWLResp). These effects arises from associated changes in skin permeability, metabolism and lung ventilation. Herein, we determined the rates of EWLSkin and EWLResp in the terrestrial toad, Rhinella schneideri, at different temperatures and hydration states. We measured oxygen uptake rates to verify whether alterations in the partitioning between EWLSkin and EWLResp were associated to metabolic induced changes in pulmonary gas exchange. We also measured the influence of hydration and temperature on water uptake (WU) through the skin. Finally, since estimates of skin resistance to evaporation (Rs) are usually inferred from total evaporative water loss (EWLTotal), under the assumption of negligible EWLResp, we calculate the potential error in accepting this assumption, under different temperature and hydration states. EWLSkin and EWLResp increased with temperature, but this response was greater for EWLResp, which was attributed to the temperature-induced elevation in metabolism and lung ventilation. Dehydration caused a decrease in the relative contribution of EWLSkin to EWLTotal, mirrored by the concurrent increase in the contribution of EWLResp, at all temperatures. Thus, Rs increased with dehydration. WU rates were dictated by dehydration with little influence of temperature. The partitioning between EWLSkin and EWLResp was affected by both temperature and hydration state and, under some set of conditions, considering EWLResp as negligible led to significant errors in the assessment of skin resistance to evaporation.
Diapause-associated changes in the lipid and metabolite profile of the Asian tiger mosquito,Aedes albopictus
Authors: Batz Zachary A. , Armbruster Peter A.
Published: November 2018

Diapause is an alternative life-history strategy that allows organisms to enter developmental arrest in anticipation of unfavorable conditions. Diapause is widespread among insects and plays a key role in enhancing overwinter survival as well as defining the seasonal and geographic distributions of populations. Next generation sequencing has greatly advanced our understanding of the transcriptional basis for this crucial adaptation but less is known about regulation of embryonic diapause physiology at the metabolite level. Here, we characterized the lipid and metabolite profile of embryonic diapause in the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus. We used an untargeted approach to capture the relative abundance of 250 lipids and 241 metabolites. We observed adjustments associated with increased energy storage, including an accumulation of lipids, the formation of larger lipid droplets, and increased lipogenesis, as well as metabolite shifts suggesting reduced energy utilization. We also found changes in neuroregulatory- and insulin-associated metabolites with potential roles in diapause regulation. Finally, we detected a group of unidentified, diapause-specific metabolites which have similar physical properties steroids/steroid derivatives and may be associated with the ecdysteroidal regulation of embryonic diapause in Ae. albopictus. Together, these results deepen our understanding of the metabolic regulation of embryonic diapause and identify key targets for future investigations.
The role of parasitism in the energy management of a free-ranging bird
Authors: Hicks Olivia , Burthe Sarah J. , Daunt Francis , Newell Mark , Chastel Olivier , Parenteau Charline , Green Jonathan A.
Published: November 2018

Parasites often prompt sub-lethal costs to the host by eliciting immune responses. These costs can be hard to quantify but are crucial to our understanding of their host's ecology. Energy is a fundamental currency to quantify these costs, as energetic trade-offs often exist between key fitness-related processes. Daily energy expenditure (DEE) comprises of resting metabolic rate (RMR) and energy available for activity which are linked via the energy management strategy of an organism. Parasitism may play a role in the balance between self-maintenance and activity, as immune costs can be expressed in elevated RMR. Therefore, understanding energy use in the presence of parasitism enables mechanistic elucidation of potential parasite costs. Using a gradient of natural parasite load and proxies for RMR and DEE in a wild population of breeding European shags (Phalacrocorax aristotelis), we tested the effect of parasitism on maintenance costs as well as the relationship between proxies for RMR and DEE. We found a positive relationship between parasite load and our RMR proxy in females but not males and no relationship between proxies for RMR and DEE. This provides evidence for increased maintenance costs in individuals with higher parasite loads and suggests the use of an allocation energy management strategy, whereby an increase to RMR creates restrictions on energy allocation to other activities. This is likely to have fitness consequences as energy allocated to immunity is traded-off against reproduction. Our findings demonstrate that understanding energy management strategies alongside fitness drivers is central to understanding the mechanisms by which these drivers influence individual fitness.
Intrathecal Immunoglobulin for treatment of adult patients with tetanus: A randomized controlled 2x2 factorial trial
Authors: Loan Huỳnh Thị , Yen Lam Minh , Kestelyn: Evelyne , Hao Nguyen Van , Thanh Tran Tan , Dung Nguyen Thi Phuong , Turner Hugo C. , Geskus Ronald B. , Wolbers Marcel , Tan Le Van , Van Doorn H. Rogier , Day Nicholas P. , Wyncoll Duncan , Hien Tran Tinh , Thwaites Guy E. , Vinh Chau Nguyen Van , Thwaites C. Louise
Published: November 2018

Despite long-standing availability of an effective vaccine, tetanus remains a significant problem in many countries. Outcome depends on access to mechanical ventilation and intensive care facilities and in settings where these are limited, mortality remains high. Administration of tetanus antitoxin by the intramuscular route is recommended treatment for tetanus, but as the tetanus toxin acts within the central nervous system, it has been suggested that intrathecal administration of antitoxin may be beneficial. Previous studies have indicated benefit, but with the exception of one small trial no blinded studies have been performed.

The objective of this study is to establish whether the addition of intrathecal tetanus antitoxin reduces the need for mechanical ventilation in patients with tetanus. Secondary objectives: to determine whether the addition of intrathecal tetanus antitoxin reduces autonomic nervous system dysfunction and length of hospital/ intensive care unit stay; whether the addition of intrathecal tetanus antitoxin in the treatment of tetanus is safe and cost-effective; to provide data to inform recommendation of human rather than equine antitoxin.

This study will enroll adult patients (≥16 years old) with tetanus admitted to the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City. The study is a 2x2 factorial blinded randomized controlled trial. Eligible patients will be randomized in a 1:1:1:1 manner to the four treatment arms (intrathecal treatment and human intramuscular treatment, intrathecal treatment and equine intramuscular treatment, sham procedure and human intramuscular treatment, sham procedure and equine intramuscular treatment). Primary outcome measure will be requirement for mechanical ventilation. Secondary outcome measures: duration of hospital/ intensive care unit stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, in-hospital and 240-day mortality and disability, new antibiotic prescription, incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia and autonomic nervous system dysfunction, total dose of benzodiazepines and pipecuronium, and incidence of adverse events.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02999815

Registration date: 21 December 2016
Acute Treatment of Hypertensive Urgency
Authors: Breu Anthony C. , Axon R. Neal
Published: November 2018

The “Things We Do for No Reason” (TWDFNR) series reviews practices which have become common parts of hospital care but provide little value to our patients. Practices reviewed in the TWDFNR series do not represent “black and white” conclusions or clinical practice standards but are meant as a starting place for research and active discussions among hospitalists and patients. We invite you to be part of that discussion.
Platform Synergy: Architectural Origins and Competitive Consequences
Authors: Tiwana Amrit
Published: November 2018

The internal architecture of apps has yet to receive attention in platform studies, which predominantly study apps’ platform-facing, external architecture. We develop a theory of how the interplay between an app’s internal and external architecture shape its ability to leverage the platform to outcompete rival apps. Primary and archival data spanning four years from 618 BlackberryOS apps show how internal architecture’s complementarity with external architecture influences an app’s competitive lead.
Extrinsic versus Intrinsic Rewards for Contributing Reviews in an Online Platform
Authors: Khern-am-nuai Warut , Kannan Karthik , Ghasemkhani Hossein
Published: November 2018

Firms have considered various forms of incentives for writing reviews, including the use of extrinsic rewards to attract reviewers. Building on this literature, we study the implications of monetary incentives on online reviews in the context of a natural experiment, where one review platform suddenly began offering monetary incentives for writing reviews. We refer to this as the treated platform. Along with data from Amazon.com and using the difference-in-differences approach, we compare the quantity and quality of reviews before and after rewards were introduced in the treated platform. We find that reviews are significantly more positive but that the quality decreases. Taking advantage of the panel data, we also evaluate the effect of rewards on existing reviewers. We find that their level of participation after monetary incentives decreases but not their quality of participation. Last, even though the platform enjoys an increase in the number of new reviewers, disproportionately more reviews appear to be written for highly rated products.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2017.0750 .
Musical transformations of non-places
Authors: Alaminos-Fernández Antonio Francisco
Published: November 2018

The twentieth and twenty-first century have been a temporary canvas where two closely related concepts have broadened, both in terms of modernity and supermodernity: ambient music and the development of urban spaces. Both phenomena undergo a development, interaction and sustained change process, largely caused by technological changes. For the purpose of this study, first the concept of "non-places" and its change from physical spaces to virtual spaces will be presented. In second place, the development of ambient music is specifically considered; first regarding the close relationship that it establishes with non-places and then the generation of atmospheres through collective sound spheres. Subsequent technological transformations spread and fragment the associations between non-places and music, enabling personal atmospheres through individual spheres. At present, technological developments allow virtual non-places to take shape (Augé), which are environmentally filled thanks to playlists through streaming services. Subsystems of delocalised networked spheres and temporary spheres are established, yet they are emotionally contiguous. This article presents the humanising role that music has experienced within this urban growth process in western societies, which have developed over the last century.
Desplazamientos identitarios en tres “barrios” madrileños de promoción oficial. Entre la postradicionalización y el envejecimiento
Authors: Barañano Cid Margarita , Domínguez Pérez Marta
Published: November 2018

Este artículo analiza los desplazamientos identitarios en tres barrios, La Colonia de Tercio y Terol (TYT), El Poblado Dirigido de Fuencarral (PDF) y Palomeras Sureste (PAL). Todos ellos han registrado una mudanza importante en su identidad, cuya comprensión se apoya en las nociones de postradicionalización de Giddens (1993a, 1993b, 1999, 2001) y de destradicionalización de Heelas, Lash y Morris (1996). También se señala que en PDF y PAL este cambio se acompaña de la centralidad del “envejecimiento”, que, sin embargo, ocupa una posición más relegada ya en TYT. La metodología utilizada es comparativa y eminentemente cualitativa, e incluye también un análisis cuantitativo basado en los datos censales de 2001 y de 2011.
Reflexividad urbana y mirada turística: sobre la producción y el consumo de los espacios urbanos
Authors: Martínez Gutiérrez Emilio Martín
Published: November 2018

La tesis de la producción del espacio se sitúa en una hermenéutica del cambio social y urbano. Desde esa perspectiva se ha podido seguir el impacto de la industrialización en las formas urbanas. Siguiendo esa lectura analítica, en el contexto de la globalización, la reflexividad urbana y turística se persigue establecer una prolongación teórica sobre el impacto del turismo en la definición del espacio urbano y en una práctica recreativa que perfila a su vez la experiencia de la cultura urbana contemporánea.
NEUROREHABILITATION WITH PADOVAN METHOD IN A NEWBORN WITH TREACHER COLLINS SYNDROME: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Delmondes Erikson De Luna , Albuquerque Lucas Tavares Cruz de , Pereira Lilianny Medeiros
Published: November 2018

Treacher Collins Syndrome (TCS) is an autosomal dominant disorder that leads to congenital craniofacial malformation, and may then be assisted by the Padovan Method® for neurological rehabilitation. That being said, the aim of this article is to report the functional improvements obtained by a patient with TCS who underwent the Padovan Method®. The child was born on november 26th of 2014, cesarean delivery, 37 weeks, Apgar 9/10, weighted 3625g, PC = 35cm, C = 49CM, presenting mild respiratory discomfort, absence of suction and the presence of syndromic facies, which is characteristic of TCS with retrognathism, oblique palpebral cleft downward divergent strabismus on left, pointed ears with cleft lobes, narrow auditory canal, malar hypoplasia and narrow palate. Padovan therapy was initiated at the 6th day of life, from orofacial, vestibular, ocular and motor exercises that seek to recapitulate the neuroevolutionary phases of human development with the purpose of propitiating a motor and neurological maturation of the central nervous system (CNS) and the correction of its possible failures. The child presented suction on the second day of therapy and on the fifth day was discharged from the hospital with good suction to the breast. The patient was followed up on an outpatient office and was given physiotherapy and speech therapy. The patient no longer received the Padovan Method® because at that time it was not available outside the hospital. Upon returning to childcare at age of 3, a good motor coordination performance was noticed, also speaking few loose words, but with good interaction and understanding. Therefore, due to the lack of standard behavior in neonatal neurological rehabilitation, considering the concepts of neuroplasticity andknowing the importance of early intervention, the Padovan Method® is shown as an alternative in the CNS reorganization in patients with TCS.
The “Devès Affair” in Saint-Louis-du-Senegal: A Critical Assessment of the Sources, 1902–1911
Authors: Ngalamulume Kalala
Published: November 2018

This article examines the validity and reliability of the testimonies and sworn depositions that the Peuvergne administration produced in July 1910 as evidence justifying Justin Devès’s suspension and removal from office as mayor of Saint-Louis, capital of French Senegal. The main argument here is that the “Devès Affair” was based on spurious charges. The article places the conflict in the broader context of the political and economic competition between the French colonial administration and the Bordeaux firms, on the one hand, and the Devès network, on the other.
A Freezing Moment in Ghana’s Party System: How Two Thorns in Nkrumah’s Side Framed Elections in the Fourth Republic
Authors: Fridy Kevin S.
Published: November 2018

Ghanaian elections in the Fourth Republic demonstrate clear regional patterns. The National Democratic Congress (NDC) wins the vast majority of the vote in Volta Region, the New Patriotic Party (NPP) earns its largest victories in Asante Region, and the remaining eight regions are more competitive. This article explores the genesis of these patterns and finds that they first revealed themselves in Ghana’s Second Republic when two ethnopolitical groups who had fought Nkrumah’s nationalizing efforts took advantage of their organizational capacities. They adopted the ideological labels of the First Republic to fill the political vacuum left by the departure of the country’s popular independence leader. This nuanced reading of Ghana’s partisan history stands in contrast to both popular contemporary accounts and predictions raised in the literature on the creation of party systems.
PENERAPAN SANKSI ADMINISTRATIF DALAM PUTUSAN PERKARA TATA USAHA NEGARA DI PENGADILAN TATA USAHA NEGARA SEMARANG
Authors: Kusmawardi Ladju , Suteki Suteki , Ristyawati Aprista
Published: November 2018

Dalam melaksanakan tugas dan wewenangnya, Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara (PTUN) di Indonesia dirasakan belum memenuhi harapan masyarakat pencari keadilan. Jurnal ini membahas penerapan sanksi administratif, kendala yang dihadapinya dan konsep penerapan sanksi administratif  dalam putusan perkara TUN di PTUN Semarang yang efektif. Metode penelitiannya yaitu socio legal. Hasil penelitiannya adalah pertama, Penerapan sanksi administratif dalam putusan perkara TUN di PTUN Semarang belum optimal. Kedua, kendalanya yaitu kesadaran Pejabat TUN yang rendah, tidak adanya partisipasi aktif dari Tergugat dan kurangnya pengawasan, belum adanya peraturan mengenai anggaran khusus. Ketiga, konsep penerapannya  agar efektif yaitu adanya dasar hukum bagi PTUN untuk mencantumkan sanksi administratif dalam amar putusan,  merevisi Ketentuan Pasal terkait, perlu adanya komitmen yang jelas dari Badan atau Pejabat TUN beserta Atasannya, perlunya pengawasan.
GLOBALISASI LESBIAN, GAY, BISEKSUAL, DAN TRANSGENDER (LGBT): PERSPEKTIF HAM DAN AGAMA DALAM LINGKUP HUKUM DI INDONESIA
Authors: Yansyah Roby , Rahayu Rahayu
Published: November 2018

Indonesia adalah negara yang memegang teguh ajaran agama, sehingga perilaku seksual menyimpang tentu tidak dapat diterima begitu saja. Di sisi lain Indonesia merupakan negara yang mengakui HAM, di mana kaum LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Biseksual, dan Transgender) merasa mengalami diskriminasi dan pelanggaran HAM karena orientasi seksual mereka yang menyimpang. Sementara itu, orientasi seksual sebenarnya tidak ditentukan dalam UDHR 1948 yang menjadi pandangan universal PBB terhadap HAM. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian doktrinal dengan menggunakan pendekatan hukum yuridis-normatif yang bersifat kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif-analitis, untuk menemukan data sekunder berupa norma hukum HAM dan norma agama yang berlaku terkait dengan isu LGBT, kemudian menganalisa data tersebut secara deduktif dari kedua perspektif yakni HAM dan agama. Kajian mengenai isu LGBT perspektif HAM dan agama dalam lingkup hukum di wilayah Indonesia dilakukan agar didapatkan pertautan sebagai peluang untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan yang muncul dari isu LGBT. HAM adalah hak dasar yang diakui di Indonesia, akan tetapi ada pembatasan yang ditetapkan UU, moral, etika, dan nilai agama yang menegaskan bahwa setiap manusia di samping memiliki hak asasi manusia untuk dilindungi, mereka juga memiliki kewajiban untuk menghormati hak asasi orang lain dan juga ketertiban masyarakat sekitar.