bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma of the parotid gland: A case report with cytohistological correlation and its immunohistochemical study
Authors: Shrestha S , Pun CB , Basyal R , Pathak T , Bastola S , Neupane S , Lee MC
Published: September 2012

Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma is a rare salivary gland malignant tumor of low aggressiveness, commonly occurring in minor salivary glands. Its origin in major salivary glands is considered exceedingly rare. We report a case of polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma arising from left parotid in a 21-yearold female patient.Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2012) Vol. 2, 331-334DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v2i4.6890
Fibrous dysplasia: rapid malignant transformation into osteogenic sarcoma - A rare occurance
Authors: Gon S , Majumdar B , Bhattacharyya A , Bhattacharya RN
Published: September 2012

Malignant transformation of fibrous dysplasia is rare, occurring in less than 1% of cases with a mean lag period of 13.5 years. We report a case of Osteogenic Sarcoma with chondroid differentiation in a pre-existing Fibrous Dysplasia occurring within one year of surgical resection and without any history of exposure to radiation. To the best of our knowledge and extensive search of literature, malignant transformation of Fibrous Dysplasia in such a short period of time, and without history of radiation exposure has never been reported from India.Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2012) Vol. 2, 335-337DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v2i4.6891
An approach to diagnostic dilemma in thyroid cytopathology
Authors: Pant R
Published: September 2012

Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2012) Vol. 2, 338-339DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v2i4.6892
Staging a “Plurality of Vision”: Diasporic Performance in Polycharacter Monodrama
Authors: Tilley Elspeth
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT:

This article explores the performance of diasporic subjectivity in relation to both the form and content of polycharacter monodrama. Using three plays (one each from New Zealand, Canada, and Australia) as exemplars, it argues that two complementary features of polycharacter monodrama (split characterization and oral storytelling) provide a contrapuntal space uniquely suited to the representation and negotiation of the defining tensions of diasporic experience.
The value of serial plasma and cerebrospinal fluid nuclear and mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid levels in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Wang Hung-Chen , Yang Tzu-Ming , Lin Wei-Che , Lin Yu-Jun , Tsai Nai-Wen , Liou Chia-Wei , Kwan Aij-Lie , Lu Cheng-Hsien
Published: September 2012

Object

Increased plasma nuclear and mitochondrial DNA levels have been reported in critically ill patients, and extracellular DNA may originate from damaged tissues having undergone necrosis. This study tested the hypothesis that nuclear and mitochondrial DNA levels in CSF and plasma are substantially increased in patients with acute spontaneous aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and decrease thereafter, such that nuclear and mitochondrial DNA levels may be predictive of treatment outcomes.

Methods

Serial nuclear and mitochondrial DNA levels in CSF and plasma from 21 adult patients with spontaneous aneurysmal SAH and 39 healthy volunteers who received myelography examinations during the study period were evaluated.

Results

Data showed that circulating plasma nuclear DNA concentrations and both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA levels in CSF significantly increased in patients with aneurysmal SAH on admission compared with the volunteers. In patients with poor outcome, the CSF nuclear and mitochondrial DNA levels were significantly higher on Days 1 and 4, and plasma nuclear DNA levels were significantly higher from Day 8 to Day 14. Higher CSF nuclear (> 85.1 ng/ml) and mitochondrial DNA levels (> 31.4 ng/ml) on presentation were associated with worse outcome in patients with aneurysmal SAH.

Conclusions

Higher CSF DNA levels on presentation, rather than plasma DNA levels, are associated with worse outcomes in patients with acute spontaneous aneurysmal SAH. More prospective multicenter investigations are needed to confirm the predictive value of CSF and plasma DNA levels on outcome.
Delayed intracranial hematoma following stereoelectroencephalography for intractable epilepsy
Authors: Derrey Stéphane , Lebas Axel , Parain Dominique , Baray Marie Gilles , Marguet Christophe , Freger Pierre , Proust François
Published: September 2012

Intracranial bleeding following stereoelectroencephalography (sEEG) is rare and commonly occurs early after electrode implantation. The authors report the case of a delayed intracranial hematoma following sEEG. This 10-year-old boy was referred to the authors' department to undergo an sEEG study for intractable epilepsy, with the hypothesis of a single localized epileptic zone in the left precentral region. To perform the exploration, 14 depth electrodes were implanted under stereotactic conditions. The results of a postoperative CT scan performed routinely at the end of the surgical procedure were normal. Eight days later, following an epileptic seizure, the child's condition worsened. The neurological examination revealed a left hemiparesis, agitation, and coma due to a right subdural hematoma with intraparenchymal bleeding. Despite a surgical evacuation followed by a decompressive craniectomy, the curative treatments were stopped 1 week later due to severe diffuse ischemic lesions found on MRI studies.

This is the first observation of a delayed hematoma following an sEEG procedure. The mechanism underlying this complication remains unclear, but the rupture of a growing pseudoaneurysm caused by the electrode's implantation or the tearing of a neighboring vessel by an electrode were suspected. In consequence, physicians must remain vigilant during the entire sEEG recording period and probably also several days after electrode removal.
Management of pediatric intracranial gunshot wounds: predictors of favorable clinical outcome and a new proposed treatment paradigm
Authors: Bandt S. Kathleen , Greenberg Jacob K. , Yarbrough Chester K. , Schechtman Kenneth B. , Limbrick David D. , Leonard Jeffrey R.
Published: September 2012

Object

There has been an increase in civilian gun violence since the late 1980s, with a disproportionately high increase occurring within the pediatric population. To date, no definite treatment paradigm exists for the management of these patients, nor is there a full understanding of the predictors of favorable clinical outcome in this population.

Methods

The authors completed a retrospective review of all victims of intracranial gunshot injury from birth to age 18 years at a major metropolitan Level 1 trauma center (n = 48) from 2002 to 2011. The predictive values of widely accepted adult clinical and radiographic factors for poor prognosis were investigated.

Results

Eight statistically significant factors (p < 0.05) for favorable outcome were identified. These factors include single hemispheric involvement, absence of a transventricular trajectory, < 3 lobes involved, ≥ 1 reactive pupil on arrival, systolic blood pressure > 100 mm Hg on arrival, absence of deep nuclei and/or third ventricular involvement, initial ICP < 30 mm Hg when monitored, and absence of midline shift. Of these 8 factors, 5 were strong predictors of favorable clinical outcome as defined by Glasgow Outcome Scale score of 4 or 5. These predictive factors included absence of a transventricular trajectory, < 3 lobes involved, ≥ 1 reactive pupil on arrival, absence of deep nuclei and/or third ventricular involvement, and initial ICP < 30 mm Hg. These findings form the basis of the St. Louis Scale for Pediatric Gunshot Wounds to the Head, a novel metric to inform treatment decisions for pediatric patients who sustain these devastating injuries.

Conclusions

The pediatric population tends to demonstrate more favorable outcomes following intracranial gunshot injury when compared with the adult population; therefore some patients may benefit from more aggressive treatment than is considered for adults. The St. Louis Scale for Pediatric Gunshot Wounds to the Head may provide critical data toward evidence-based guidelines for clinical decision making.
Multifocal meningioangiomatosis in a 3-year-old patient
Authors: Jamil Osama , Ramkissoon Shakti , Folkerth Rebecca , Smith Edward
Published: September 2012

Meningioangiomatosis consists of benign hamartomatous lesions of the brain and the leptomeninges, which typically present with seizure. Management is predicated on resection and control of seizures with medication. Lesions are typically solitary. Multifocal meningioangiomatosis is extremely rare, with only 2 cases reported in adults and none in children. The authors report the first case, to their knowledge, of multifocal meningioangiomatosis in a child. This unique case highlights therapeutic challenges associated with these lesions and demonstrates that multifocality is possible in the pediatric population. This finding has implications for diagnosis and follow-up for children afflicted with these tumors.
Private Medical Colleges in Bangladesh
Authors: Khan Md Aminul Haque
Published: September 2012

Not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v2i1.11913 J Enam Med Col Vol 2 No 1
Histopathological Evaluation of Lymph Node Biopsies: A Hospital Based Study
Authors: Rahman Md Atiqur , Biswas Md Mamun Ali , Siddika Syeda Tasfia , Sikder Abdul Mannan
Published: September 2012

Background: Lymphadenopathy is a common manifestation of a large variety of disorders,both benign and malignant. It is essential to define the pattern of disorders presenting primarily as lymph node enlargement in a particular environment. Histopathological examination of the lymph node biopsies is a gold standard test in the distinction between reactive and malignant lymphoid proliferations as well as for detailed subtyping oflymphomas. We designed this study in our population for histopathological evaluation of lymph nodes that might be helpful for clinical management of these lesions. Objective: Histopathological evaluation of lymphadenopathy from excised specimen, in relation to ageand sex of the patients, and distribution of the lymph nodes. Materials and Methods: It was a retrospective cross sectional study conducted in the department of Pathology, Enam MedicalCollege & Hospital, Savar, Dhaka during the period from January 2006 to December 2010. Lymph node biopsies of all patients of both sexes and all age groups were included.Metastatic lymph nodes associated with evidence of primaries elsewhere in the body were excluded from the study. Total 191 lymph node biopsies were selected for histopathological evaluation. Among these 90 (47.12%) were from males and 101 (52.88%) were from females with male to female ratio being 1:2.1. The age of the patients ranged from 2 to 85 years with a mean age of 35.73 ± 18 years. Results: Cervical lymph nodes were the most common (56%) biopsied group. Of the 191 cases 59 cases (30.89%) were reactive lymphadenitis, 64 cases (33.5%) were tuberculosis, 2 cases (1.05%) were non-caseous granuloma, 11 cases (5.76%) were Hodgkin lymphoma, 22 cases (11.52%) were non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 24 cases (12.57%) were metastatic neoplasm and 9 cases (4.7%) were other lesions.Conclusion: Tuberculosis was the most common cause of lymphadenopathy, followed by reactive lymphadenitis and the cervical group of lymph nodes was most frequently affected. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v2i1.11915 J Enam Med Col 2012; 2(1):8 -14
Lumbar Interverterbral Disc Prolapse (PLID) Surgery and Our Experiences
Authors: Bhuiyan M Ishaq , Ripon Md Asadullah , Haque Md Mofazzalul , Rahman Md Mizanur
Published: September 2012

Background: Back pain and sciatica are very common in adult persons. These cause a great loss of working hours with financial loss of individual and the nation. Very careful evaluation must be done to treat these patients. Injudicious treatment, whether medical or surgical, may       aggravate the sufferings.Objective: To study immediate and long term effect of the prolapsed  intervertebral disc surgery.Materials and Methods: This observational study was done in Enam Medical College & Hospital, Savar, Dhaka during January 2007 to June 2011. Sixty four patients operated during this period for prolapsed lumbar intervertebral disc were  included in the study. Fifty six (88%) were male and 8 (12%) were female. Age range was 30  to 50 years. Most of the patients presented with back pain and sciatica with no definite history of trauma or weight lifting. Diagnosis was confirmed by MRI. Results: Sixty (94%) patients had no pain after surgery and only 4 patients had occasional pain. Conclusion: Maintenance of strict criteria for the surgery yields very good result. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v2i1.11917 J Enam Med Col 2012; 2(1): 20-23
A Clinical Study on Management of Incomplete Abortion by Manual Vacuum Aspiration (MVA)
Authors: Begum Sheuly , Rashid Maliha , Jahan Arifa Akter
Published: September 2012

Background: Abortion is an important social and public health issue. In Bangladesh   complication from unsafe abortion is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality. It is a  serious health problem. World Health Organisation estimates that 14% of maternal deaths which occur every year in the countries of South Asia including Bangladesh are due to        abortion. Study shows manual vacuum aspiration procedure is safe and effective in incomplete abortion. Very few clinical trials were carried out in Bangladesh to assess the safety and effectivity of manual vacuum aspiration in managing incomplete abortion.Objective: To find out the outcome of manual vacuum aspiration in the management of patients of incomplete abortion.Materials and Methods: This observational descriptive study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Dhaka Medical College & Hospital from June to December, 2004. One hundred cases of diagnosed incomplete abortion up to 12 weeks of gestation were managed by manual vacuum aspiration during this period. A data recording sheet was designed for this purpose. Haemodynamically stable patients with no history of induced abortion and fever were enrolled. Results: Procedure time of manual vacuum aspiration was short, average duration was 7 minutes. Bleeding was minimum (20-30 mL) in 67% cases and weighted mean was 29.80 mL. Eighty three percent patients were stable during the procedure and only 3% needed blood transfusion. Nonnarcotic analgesics were used in 59% cases and 33% needed only proper counselling. Average duration of hospital stay was 2 hours. Effectiveness of the procedure was about 98% with very low post procedure complication rate (2%). Conclusion: MVA procedure is a safe and effective technique of uterine evacuation in incomplete abortion. It is quick, less expensive, effective and less painful. Hospital stay and chance of perforation of uterus is less. So this procedure should be considered by health care system in Bangladesh for improving treatment of incomplete abortion to reduce both maternal morbidity and mortality. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v2i1.11918 J Enam Med Col 2012; 2(1): 24-28
Study of Forced Expiratory Volume in First Second (FEV1) and Ratio of Forced Expiratory Volume in First Second and Forced Vital Capacity in Percentage (FEV1/FVC%) in Pregnant Women
Authors: Sunyal Dipok Kumar , Amin Md Ruhul , Yasmin Ayesha , Molla Golam Morshed , Ali Md Liakat , Sultana Masuda
Published: September 2012

Background: A few data are available on the effects of pregnancy on pulmonary function in different countries. But no such established data are available in our country. So we designed this study in our population. Objectives: To observe the forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1) and ratio of forced expiratory volume in first second and forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC%) in different trimesters of normal pregnant women and to compare them with those of healthy non-pregnant women. Materials and Methods: This observational and analytical study was carried out in the department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College during July 2004 to June 2005. Total 100 women aged from 25 to 35 years without any recent history of respiratory tract diseases were selected as study population. Among them, 75 normal pregnant women were taken as experimental and 25 healthy non-pregnant women were taken as control groups. The experimental group included 25 pregnant women in first trimester, 25 in second trimester and 25 in third trimester. Forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1), ratio of percentage of forced expiratory volume in first second and forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC%) were measured in pregnant and non-pregnant control women. The FEV1 and FEV1/FVC% were measured by using an automatic spirometer. Statistical analyses were done by unpaired Students t test between the study groups and p value <0.05 was taken as significant.Results: The mean ± SD of measured values of FEV1 were 2.41 ± 0.87, 2.28 ± 0.59, 2.15 ± 0.74 and 1.89 ± 0.76 liters in non-pregnant women and in pregnant women during first trimester, second trimester and third trimester. The mean ± SD of measured values of FEV1/FVC% were 75.22 ± 16.77, 74.86 ± 11.06, 74.42 ± 17.43 and 71.81 ± 15.87% in nonpregnant women and in pregnant women during first trimester, second trimester and third trimester. Conclusion: The FEV1 and FEV1/FVC% were significantly lower in third trimester pregnant women than that of non-pregnant and first trimester of pregnant women and FEV1/FVC% gradually decreased from first to third trimester of pregnant women. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v2i1.11926 J Enam Med Col 2012; 2(1): 29-32
Infantile Colic: The Mysterious Crying
Authors: Akter Shaheen
Published: September 2012

Infantile colic is a distressing condition in infants, pathogenesis of which is still not clear. Several treatment strategies have been attempted before, but only some of them proven successful. The aim of this paper is to review studies on treatment options for infantile colic.  For this, a systematic literature review was done on studies regarding pathophysiology,  medical and conventional interventions for infantile colic from 1954 to March 2011. Forty  nine articles included in Cochrane database were reviewed. Fourteen studies on pathophysiology and risk factors, 7 studies on effect of infantlie colic on parents and family,19 studies on management, 5 studies on other related factors and 4 literature reviews were included for review. Pathophysiology has been described in various ways in different studies  and yet not conclusive. Regarding studies on management, simethicone could not significantly  control colic, dicyclomine hydrochloride had serious side effects and cimetropium bromide results were favourable, but milder side effects were noted. Some nutritional studies reported  low-allergen maternal diets in breastfed infants but suitability of these methods are  questionable in Bangladesh. Behavioural studies on the use of decreased stimulation and  contingent music were favourable in some studies. Mixed herbal tea and probiotic like Lactobacillus reuteri studies showed encouraging results. There are some scientific evidences  to support a low-allergen maternal diet in breastfed infants with infantile colic. Some  encouraging results exist for mixed herbal tea, cimetropium bromide and probiotics. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v2i1.11927 J Enam Med Col 2012; 2(1): 33-39
Mid Aortic Syndrome (MAS)
Authors: Rupa Sharmin Akhtar , Sultana Nigar
Published: September 2012

Not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v2i1.11930 J Enam Med Col 2012; 2(1) 46
Audit of Blood Transfusion in Pediatric Unit of a Selected Private Medical College Hospital
Authors: Khan Md. Mahbub Ul Karim , Hassan Amirul , Shahnaz Shoyela , Salahuddin AKM
Published: September 2012

Medicine Today 2011 Volume 23 Number 01 Page 1-4 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v23i1.11936
Performance of VIA (Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid) and Coloposcopic Biopsy as a Method of Screening in Detecting Preinvasion and Early Cancerous Lesion of the Cervix
Authors: Khatun Sayada Faterna , Homaira Rhea , Khatun Sabera , Sharmin Farzana
Published: September 2012

Medicine Today 2011 Volume 23 Number 01 Page 13-17 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v23i1.11938
Surgically Induced AStigmatism of Microcoaxial Phacoemulsification Using 2.2mm Incision Compared with Conventional Phacoemulsification Using 3.2mm Incision
Authors: Bhuiyan Md. Motahar Hossain , Huq Deen Mohd Noorul , Sharmee Tania Hossain
Published: September 2012

Medicine Today 2011 Volume 23 Number 01 Page 27-29 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v23i1.11941
Anterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion (ACDF) with Titanium Plate and Screw in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital
Authors: Mondle Md. Shamsuzzaman , Ekramllah Sk. Md.
Published: September 2012

Medicine Today 2011 Volume 23 Number 01 Page 30-32 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v23i1.11942
Prevalence of Common Dental Diseases
Authors: Mahmud Abdulla Al , Tulukder Mohammad Saif Alam , Hussain SM Iqbal , Kulsum Umme
Published: September 2012

Medicine Today 2011 Volume 23 Number 01 Page 33-35 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v23i1.11943
Adhesive Capsulities or Frozen Shoulder Treatment - And Experience of 50 Cases
Authors: Wahrid MA , Akter Rayhaner , Arnin Ruhul
Published: September 2012

Medicine Today 2011 Volume 23 Number 01 Page 36-38 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v23i1.11944
Endoscopic Evaluation of Children Presenting with Abdominal Pain
Authors: Kashem Mohammed Abul , Shoma Asma Kabir , Hossain S , Uddin Muslim , Alam Didarul
Published: September 2012

Medicine Today 2011 Volume 23 Number 01 Page 39-43 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v23i1.11945
Buerger's Disease (Thromboangitis obliterans): An Update
Authors: Moniruddin AEM , Begum Hamida , Nahar Khairun
Published: September 2012

Medicine Today 2011 Volume 23 Number 01 Page 51-54 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v23i1.11947
How Tragic is the Women's Life? Uterovesical Fistula - A Case Report
Authors: Akter Mossammat Dilruba , Islam Ferdousi , Tasnim Saria
Published: September 2012

Medicine Today 2011 Volume 23 Number 01 Page 55-57 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v23i1.11948
Well-Differentiated Papillary Mesothelioma of the Peritoneum: A Pathological Analysis
Authors: Saha Sukumar , Farazi Md. Mohsin Ali
Published: September 2012

Medicine Today 2011 Volume 23 Number 01 Page 58-59 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v23i1.11949
‘This is FilmFour – Not Some Cheesy Pseudo-Hollywood Thing!’: The Opening Night Simulcast of FilmFour on Channel 4
Authors: Andrews Hannah
Published: September 2012

Channel 4's tradition of supporting, promoting and contributing to British cinema culture entered a new phase in 1998. Its film-making operations were consolidated into a single, semi-vertically integrated studio called FilmFour. On 1 November it launched a brand-new pay-TV channel of the same name. This channel programmed a variety of cinema, premiering world cinema films, FilmFour's own productions and independent films. It was the first digital channel in Britain affiliated to a public service broadcaster. The new channel was introduced on its opening night with a simultaneous broadcast with terrestrial Channel 4. Scheduled on this evening was a representative selection of films and programmes to entice viewers to take up the new channel, including the UK television premiere of The Usual Suspects (1995). This article presents a detailed textual analysis of this opening night simulcast. It examines how the new channel was presented to the audience, focusing particularly on interstitial material: the introductory programme, interviews with well-known faces from the British film industry, and additional material broadcast between the films. Evaluating the evening's output, the paper argues that the opening night simulcast represented both a marketing tool for the new channel and a means of extending the Channel 4 corporation's brand. This article offers a case study in how a public service broadcaster began to negotiate for itself a space in the new digital broadcasting environment by targeting a specific, discriminating audience.
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Contribution to the Inventory of Infrastructure Susceptible to Earthquake and Flooding Hazards in North-Eastern Greece
Authors: Theilen-Willige Barbara , Savvaidis Paraskevas , Tziavos Ilias N. , Papadopoulou Ioanna
Published: September 2012

For civil protection reasons there is a strong need to improve the inventory of areas that are more vulnerable to earthquake ground motions or to earthquake-related secondary effects, such as landslides, liquefaction or soil amplifications. The use of remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) methods along with the related geo-databases can assist local and national authorities to be better prepared and organized. Remote sensing and GIS techniques are investigated in north-eastern Greece in order to contribute to the systematic, standardized inventory of those areas that are more susceptible to earthquake ground motions, to earthquake-related secondary effects and to tsunami-waves. Knowing areas with aggregated occurrence of causal (“negative”) factors influencing earthquake shock and, thus, the damage intensity, this knowledge can be integrated into disaster preparedness and mitigation measurements. The evaluation of satellite imageries, digital topographic data and open source geodata contributes to the acquisition of the specific tectonic, geologic and geomorphologic settings influencing local site conditions in an area and, thus, estimate possible damage to be suffered.
A Database-driven Decision Support System: Customized Mortality Prediction
Authors: Celi Leo Anthony , Galvin Sean , Davidzon Guido , Lee Joon , Scott Daniel , Mark Roger
Published: September 2012

We hypothesize that local customized modeling will provide more accurate mortality prediction than the current standard approach using existing scoring systems. Mortality prediction models were developed for two subsets of patients in Multi-parameter Intelligent Monitoring for Intensive Care (MIMIC), a public de-identified ICU database, and for the subset of patients >80 years old in a cardiac surgical patient registry. Logistic regression (LR), Bayesian network (BN) and artificial neural network (ANN) were employed. The best-fitted models were tested on the remaining unseen data and compared to either the Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) for the ICU patients, or the EuroSCORE for the cardiac surgery patients. Local customized mortality prediction models performed better as compared to the corresponding current standard severity scoring system for all three subsets of patients: patients with acute kidney injury (AUC = 0.875 for ANN, vs. SAPS, AUC = 0.642), patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (AUC = 0.958 for BN, vs. SAPS, AUC = 0.84), and elderly patients undergoing open heart surgery (AUC = 0.94 for ANN, vs. EuroSCORE, AUC = 0.648). Rather than developing models with good external validity by including a heterogeneous patient population, an alternative approach would be to build models for specific patient subsets using one’s local database.
N1-Benzylidene-N2-(2-((2-((2-(benzylideneamino)ethyl)amino) ethyl)amino)ethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine
Authors: Fernández-Lodeiro Javier , Núñez Cristina , Bértolo Emilia , Capelo José , Lodeiro Carlos
Published: September 2012

A tetraethylene pentamine-diamine (L4), the biggest compound in the family of dibenzylated diimine-polyamines (L1–L4) has been synthesized by classical Schiff-base reaction between benzaldehyde and the diamine tetraethylenepentamine, and the structure was confirmed by elemental analysis, ESI-MS spectrometry and by IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy.
Silica Gel-Mediated Organic Reactions under Organic Solvent-Free Conditions
Authors: Onitsuka Satoaki , Jin Yong Zhi , Shaikh Ajam C. , Furuno Hiroshi , Inanaga Junji
Published: September 2012

Silica gel was found to be an excellent medium for some useful organic transformations under organic solvent-free conditions, such as (1) the Friedel-Crafts-type nitration of arenes using commercial aqueous 69% nitric acid alone at room temperature, (2) one-pot Wittig-type olefination of aldehydes with activated organic halides in the presence of tributyl- or triphenylphosphine and Hunig’s base, and (3) the Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction of aldehydes with methyl acrylate. After the reactions, the desired products were easily obtained in good to excellent yields through simple manipulation.
A Facile Synthesis of Arylazonicotinates for Dyeing Polyester Fabrics under Microwave Irradiation and Their Biological Activity Profiles
Authors: Al-Mousawi Saleh M. , El-Apasery Morsy A. , Mahmoud Huda M.
Published: September 2012

A as textile dyes and the fastness properties of the dyed samples were measured. Most of the dyed fabrics tested displayed very good washing and perspiration fastness and series of 2-hydroxy- and 2-amino-6-substituted-5-arylazonicotinate monoazo compounds 7a–e and 9a–c were prepared via condensation of 3-oxo-3-substituted-2-arylhydrazonals 2a–e with active methylene nitriles 3a–d using microwave irradiation as an energy source. These substances were then tested moderate light fastness. Finally, the biological activity of the synthesized compounds against Gram positive bacteria, Gram negative bacteria and yeast were evaluated.
The Expanding Role of Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Probing Reactive Intermediates in Solution
Authors: Zhu Weitao , Yuan Yu , Zhou Peng , Zeng Le , Wang Hua , Tang Ling , Guo Bin , Chen Bo
Published: September 2012

Within the past decade, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) has rapidly occupied a prominent position for liquid-phase mechanistic studies due to its intrinsic advantages allowing for efficient “fishing” (rapid, sensitive, specific and simultaneous detection/identification) of multiple intermediates and products directly from a “real-world” solution. In this review we attempt to offer a comprehensive overview of the ESI-MS-based methodologies and strategies developed up to date to study reactive species in reaction solutions. A full description of general issues involved with probing reacting species from complex (bio)chemical reaction systems is briefly covered, including the potential sources of reactive intermediate (metabolite) generation, analytical aspects and challenges, basic rudiments of ESI-MS and the state-of-the-art technology. The main purpose of the present review is to highlight the utility of ESI-MS and its expanding role in probing reactive intermediates from various reactions in solution, with special focus on current progress in ESI-MS-based approaches for improving throughput, testing reality and real-time detection by using newly developed MS instruments and emerging ionization sources (such as ambient ESI techniques). In addition, the limitations of modern ESI-MS in detecting intermediates in organic reactions is also discussed.
3-Amino-8-hydroxy-4-imino-6-methyl-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-chromeno [2,3-d ]pyrimidine: An Effecient Key Precursor for Novel Synthesis of Some Interesting Triazines and Triazepines as Potential Anti-Tumor Agents
Authors: Badrey Mohamed G. , Gomha Sobhi M.
Published: September 2012

A number of interesting heterocycles were prepared through interaction of the intermediate 3-amino-8-hydroxy-4-imino-6-methyl-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-chromeno-[2,3-d]pyrimidine (1) and reagents such as hydrazonyl halides 2 to furnish triazine derivatives 4a–l. Reaction of 1 with phenacyl bromide afforded compound 5. Moreover, the title compound 1 was subjected to condensation with active methylene compounds (ethyl acetoacetate and ethyl benzoylacetate) to give triazipinones 8a,b. The condensation with aromatic aldehydes afforded either the triazole derivatives 10a–d or Schiff base 11. In addition, the behaviour of compound 1 towards activated unsaturated compounds namely dimethyl acetylene dicarboxylate and ethoxymethylenemalonitrile was studied and it was found to furnish the triazine 13 and triazepine derivative 15, respectively. Combination of title compound 1 with chlorinated active methylene compounds delivered the triazine derivatives 18a–c. Reaction of 1 with chloroacetonitrile furnished compound 20. The structures of the products were elucidated based on their microanalyses and spectroscopic data. Finally, the antitumor activity of the new compounds 4a and 8a against human breast cell MCF-7 line and liver carcinoma cell line HepG2 were recorded.
Compaction Behavior of Isomalt after Roll Compaction
Authors: Quodbach Julian , Mosig Johanna , Kleinebudde Peter
Published: September 2012

The suitability of the new isomalt grade galenIQ™ 801 for dry granulation and following tableting is evaluated in this study. Isomalt alone, as well as a blend of equal parts with dibasic calcium phosphate, is roll compacted and tableted. Particle size distribution and flowability of the granules and friability and disintegration time of the tablets are determined. Tensile strength of tablets is related to the specific compaction force during roll compaction and the tableting force. In all cases, the tensile strength increases with raising tableting forces. The specific compaction force has a different influence. For isomalt alone the tensile strength is highest for tablets made from granules prepared at 2 kN/cm and 6 kN/cm and decreases at higher values, i.e., >10 kN/cm. Tensile strength of the blend tablets is almost one third lower compared to the strongest tablets of pure isomalt. Friability of pure isomalt tablets is above the limit. Disintegration time is longest when the tensile strength is at its maximum and decreases with higher porosity and lower tensile strengths. Isomalt proves to be suitable for tableting after roll compaction. Even though the capacity as a binder might not be as high as of other excipients, it is a further alternative for the formulation scientist.
Embodying the Global Soul: Internationalism and the American Evangelical Left
Authors: Swartz David
Published: September 2012

In the last half of the twentieth century, neo-evangelicalism moved from an anticommunist nationalist consensus to a new internationalism characterized by concern for human rights, justice, and economic development. Case studies of World Vision, a global relief and development organization, and InterVarsity Christian Fellowship, a campus ministry, demonstrate that this trajectory was due in part to a growing global reflex in which many missionaries and third-world evangelicals “spoke back” to American evangelicalism. Interpreting the Bible for themselves—and increasingly for American evangelicals—substantial numbers of non-Western converts and missionaries offered sharp criticisms of American politics, culture, and capitalism. These critiques, sacralized by their origins on the mission field, helped turn some young evangelicals toward Vietnam protests, poverty relief, civil rights, and a tempered nationalism. By the 1970s, these progressive elements—and a more resolute global concern generally—had become important markers of the evangelical left.
Identification and Selection of Alternative Scenarios in LCA Studies of Integrated Waste Management Systems: A Review of Main Issues and Perspectives
Authors: Tascione Valentino , Raggi Andrea
Published: September 2012

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a decision support tool that can be used to assess the environmental performance of an integrated waste management system or to identify the system with the best performance through a comparative analysis of different scenarios. The results of the analysis depend primarily on how the scenarios to be compared are defined, that is on which waste fractions are assumed to be sent to certain treatments/destinations and in what amounts. This paper reviews LCAs of integrated waste management systems with the aim of exploring how the scenarios to be compared are defined in the preliminary phase of an LCA. This critical review highlighted that various criteria, more or less subjective, are generally used for the definition of scenarios. Furthermore, the number of scenarios identified and compared is generally limited; this may entail that only the best option among a limited set of possibilities can be selected, instead of identifying the best of all possible combinations. As a result, the advisability of identifying an integrated life cycle-based methodological approach that allows finding the most environmentally sound scenario among all of those that are theoretically possible is stressed.
Molecular solubilization of fullerene C60 in water by γ-cyclodextrin thioethers
Authors: Wang Hai Ming , Wenz Gerhard
Published: September 2012

Various hydrophilic γ-cyclodextrin (CD) thioethers, containing neutral or ionic side arms were found to form molecular disperse solutions of C60 in water reaching concentrations of 15 mg/L. Equilibrium state was approached after seven days without the use of organic cosolvents. The 1:2 stoichiometry of the C60/γ-CD thioether complexes was demonstrated by a parabolic phase-solubility diagram. In contrast, native γ-CD forms nanoparticles with C60. Particle sizes of C60 were determined by dynamic light scattering.
Modélisation d’accompagnement : appropriation de la démarche par différents partenaires et conséquences
Authors: Chlous-Ducharme Frédérique , Gourmelon Françoise
Published: September 2012

Cet article relate la démarche mise en œuvre dans le cadre d’une recherche-action traitant des interactions nature/sociétés en zone côtière (l’île d’Ouessant située dans l’ouest de la France). Il décrit en particulier comment la modélisation d’accompagnement a favorisé la mise en œuvre d’une interdisciplinarité dans un champ large. Les outils de la modélisation d’accompagnement (modèles multi-agents, simulations informatiques, jeu de rôles) ont été utilisés avec pour objectif de sensibiliser la population locale aux dynamiques paysagères, puis ils ont été mobilisés pour l’éducation de scolaires aux problématiques littorales et au développement durable. Ces transferts ont impliqué de la part des scientifiques, non seulement un important travail d’adaptation de leurs outils en fonction du public visé et de l’objectif recherché, mené en collaboration avec des gestionnaires du territoire et des éducateurs, mais aussi une analyse réflexive de l’engagement des participants dans ces dispositifs. Si cette expérimentation a développé chez la plupart des scientifiques impliqués une ouverture à l’interdisciplinarité et à la coopération sur le thème de la gestion environnementale, elle révèle aussi les difficultés d’assimilation de la démarche par les différents partenaires. L’appropriation de la posture de modélisation d’accompagnement est centrale pour constituer un collectif, et pour se saisir des outils développés.
Applying Hermeneutic Phenomenology to Understand Innovation Adoption
Authors: Lukaitis Stasys
Published: September 2012

In this paper, the author examines phenomenology and hermeneutics as research traditions and proposes a philosophical basis for their use. The author develops an iterative research process model that meets the needs of socio-technical research into technical innovation. This rigorous hybrid methodology is called hermeneutic phenomenology and is shown to be an excellent approach to dealing with the search for understanding.
Institutionalisation of the Enterprise Architecture
Authors: Iyamu Tiko
Published: September 2012

Despite impressive technical advances in tools and methodologies and the organizational insights provided by many years of academic and business research, the underperformance of Information Technology (IT) remains. In the past and even today, organizations experience difficulty in managing technology, changing from system to system, implementing new technology, maintaining compatibility with existing technologies, and changing from one business process to another. These challenges impact significantly on business performance and will continue to do so if not addressed. As a result, many organizations have deployed Enterprise Architecture (EA) in an attempt to address these challenges. However, the design and development of EA has proven to be easier than its institutionalization. The study explored the development and implementation of EA to determine the factors, which influences the institutionalization. Two case studies were conducted and Actor-Network Theory (ANT) was employed in the analysis of the data.
Actor-Network-Theory in Medical E-Communication
Authors: Bielenia-Grajewska Magdalena
Published: September 2012

In this article, an attempt will be made to discuss how websites create and maintain the online identity of medical care providers. To discuss this issue in greater detail, the author has chosen Actor-Network-Theory since an ANT approach makes it possible to study the role of living and nonliving entities in shaping the online identity of healthcare suppliers and to concentrate on the networks and systems within e-healthcare as well as the flows and interrelations constituting it. The primary aim of this research is to show the communicative aspect of healthcare corporate websites by using the selected notions of ANT methodology and their potential implications for corporate identity creation and maintenance.
A Socio-Technical Study of the Adoption of Internet Technology in Banking, Re-Interpreted as an Innovation Using Innovation Translation
Authors: Al-Hajri Salim , Tatnall Arthur
Published: September 2012

This article presents a re-interpretation of research done in the mid-2000s on uptake of Internet technologies in the banking industry in Oman, compared with that in Australia. It addresses the question: What are the enablers and the inhibitors of Internet technology adoption in the Omani banking industry compared with those in the Australian banking industry? The research did not attempt a direct comparison of the banking industries in these two very different countries, but rather considered Internet technology adoption in Oman, informed by the more mature Australian experience. The original study considered Internet banking as an innovation and used an approach to theorising this innovation that was based on Diffusion of Innovations and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Given the socio-technical nature of this investigation, however, another approach to adoption of innovations was worth investigating, and this article reports a re-interpretation of the original study using innovation translation from actor-network theory (ANT).
Game-Based Virtual-World Environments to Engage Lifelong Learners in Open Courseware for Open Learning
Authors: Huang Wen-Hao David , Li Jessica , Lin Meng-Fen Grace
Published: September 2012

The Open Educational Resource (OER) movement has reached its tipping point in recent years due to advancement of technologies. The OpenCourseWare (OCW) of MIT, for instance, has inspired higher education institutions around the world to deploy OCW systems that provide educational contents free of charge to lifelong learners. In Taiwan, the Opensource Opencourse Prototype System (OOPS; www.myoops.org) plays a significant role in enabling Chinese-speaking learners to benefit from this global movement. Although OOPS has attracted hundreds of thousands of users with open courses translated into Chinese, understanding who these users are and why they chose this particular venue to advance their informal and lifelong learning remains elusive. As a result, the OOPS and other compatible open courseware portals around the world are often challenged by issues related to user engagement that could ultimately determine the sustainability of any open courseware portals. From the perspective of learning system design, it is impossible to develop and deploy effective user engagement strategies without knowing who the users are and what drive them to use the open learning system. To address this issue, this chapter, informed by open courseware users’ feedback, proposes a game-based learning approach situated in virtual worlds to improve and sustain user engagement in open learning environments.
Teaching Digital Natives Using Technology
Authors: Dee Merideth
Published: September 2012

Students currently entering higher education are faced with a variety of new learning challenges and, over the course of their career in higher education, will develop a variety of skills that enable them to succeed in the workforce. Furthermore, students today use many different forms of technology on a day to day basis. As such, academic institutions are supplementing their curricula with additional information and communication technology (ICT) resources. These resources happen to include but are not limited to multimedia technology, which can be essential to students’ lifelong learning needs. This chapter discusses characteristics of today’s student entering higher education, ICT, multimedia learning, multimedia design elements, and perceived effectiveness of multimedia technology. Moreover, this chapter examines how these topics can help to promote workforce readiness, meaningful learning, and lifelong learning among today’s technology capable students.
The Heifer International Model of Sustainable Adult Education
Authors: McGill Carrie J. Boden , Merritt Lauren
Published: September 2012

Heifer International, an organization devoted to ending hunger and poverty through sustainable development, has worked throughout the world by giving “living loans” of gifts of livestock and training while empowering individuals and communities to turn lives of hunger and poverty into self-reliance and hope. To train a country’s population is to increase that country’s “human capital,” and educating the population while expanding the human capital is a necessity in order for developing countries to benefit from globalization. The Heifer model of adult sustainable education demonstrates the importance of education and training for people of the developing world, and not only can this model be adopted in developing countries for emerging “learning societies,” but it may be used to inform policies and practices in the developed world as well.
Employability, E-Entrepreneurship, and Economic Recovery
Authors: Torres-Coronas Teresa , Vidal-Blasco Maria-Arántzazu , Arias-Oliva Mario , Monclús-Guitart Ricard
Published: September 2012

This chapter focuses upon the digital competences and the entrepreneurial self-efficacy of undergraduate students at Universitat Rovira i Virgili, a public university located in the autonomous region of Catalonia, in Spain. The objective of this research study is to determine whether higher education institutions foster self-employment opportunities by helping students to develop the digital competences and (e)-entrepreneurial self-efficacy they need. This preliminary study shows that tertiary educational system in Spain is good at putting into practice the Bologna process, but it might not be so good at building up entrepreneurial self-confidence among their graduate students.
Teacher Training and Technology
Authors: Dickerson Jeremy , Winslow Joseph , Lee Cheng Yuan
Published: September 2012

How is technology being used to train teachers to keep up with the rapid pace of change in schools and society today? This chapter discusses the utilization of technology for in-service (practicing) teacher training, a process known as professional development within the field of education. The chapter analyzes both formal and informal methods of technology integrated teacher training, presents examples of each, and discusses positive and negative implications. The chapter concludes with an examination of future trends in technology and their potential for significant impact on teacher professional development.