bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The coevolution of lifespan and reversible plasticity
Authors: Ratikainen Irja I. , Kokko Hanna
Published: February 2019

Reversible phenotypic plasticity, the ability to change one’s phenotype repeatedly throughout life, can be selected for in environments that do not stay constant throughout an individual’s lifetime. It might also mitigate senescence, as the mismatch between the environment and a non-plastic individual’s traits is likely to increase as time passes. To understand why reversible plasticity may covary with lifespan, studies tend to assume unidirectional causality: plasticity evolves under suitable rates of environmental variation with respect to life history. Here we show that if lifespan also evolves in response to plasticity, then long life is not merely a context that sets the stage for lifelong plasticity. Instead, the causality is bidirectional because plasticity itself can select for longevity. Highly autocorrelated environmental fluctuations predict low investment in reversible plasticity and a phenotype that is poorly matched to the environment at older ages. Such environments select for high reproductive effort and short lifespans.
Error corrected spin-state readout in a nanodiamond
Authors: Holzgrafe Jeffrey , Beitner Jan , Kara Dhiren , Knowles Helena S. , Atatüre Mete
Published: February 2019

Quantum state readout is a key component of quantum technologies, including applications in sensing, computation, and secure communication. Readout fidelity can be enhanced by repeating readouts. However, the number of repeated readouts is limited by measurement backaction, which changes the quantum state that is measured. This detrimental effect can be overcome by storing the quantum state in an ancilla qubit, chosen to be robust against measurement backaction and to allow error correction. Here, we protect the electronic-spin state of a diamond nitrogen-vacancy center from measurement backaction using a robust multilevel 14N nuclear-spin memory and perform repetitive readout, as demonstrated in previous work on bulk diamond devices. We achieve additional protection using error correction based on the quantum logic of coherent feedback to reverse measurement backaction. The repetitive spin readout scheme provides a 13-fold enhancement of readout fidelity over conventional readout and the error correction a 2-fold improvement in the signal. These experiments demonstrate full quantum control of a nitrogen-vacancy center electronic-spin coupled to its host 14N nuclear spin inside a ~25 nm nanodiamond, creating a sensitive and biologically compatible platform for nanoscale quantum sensing. Our error-corrected repetitive readout scheme is particularly useful for quadrupolar nuclear magnetic resonance imaging in the low magnetic field regime where conventional repetitive readout suffers from strong measurement backaction. More broadly, methods for correcting longitudinal (bit-flip) errors described here could be used to improve quantum algorithms that require non-volatile local memory, such as correlation spectroscopy measurements for high resolution sensing.
The catalytic activity and secretion of zebrafish RNases are essential for their in vivo function in motor neurons and vasculature
Authors: Ferguson Ross , Holloway Daniel E. , Chandrasekhar Anand , Acharya K. Ravi , Subramanian Vasanta
Published: February 2019

Angiogenin (hANG), a member of the Ribonuclease A superfamily has angiogenic, neurotrophic and neuroprotective activities. Mutations in hANG have been found in patients with Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The zebrafish (Danio rerio)rnasel-1,2and 3 are orthologues ofhANGand of these only Rnasel-1 and Rnasel-2 have been shown to be angiogenic. Herein we show that NCI-65828, a potent and specific small molecule inhibitor of hANG inhibits Rnasel-1 to a similar extent. Treatment of early zebrafish embryos with NCI-65828, or with terrein, a fungal metabolite which prevents the secretion of hANG, resulted in spinal neuron aberrations as well defects in trunk vasculature. Our detailed expression analysis and inhibitor studies suggest that Rnasel-1 plays important roles in neuronal migration and pathfinding as well as in angiogenesis in zebrafish. Our studies suggest the usefulness of the zebrafish as a model to dissect the molecular consequences of the ANG ALS variants.
Direct atomic identification of cation migration induced gradual cubic-to-hexagonal phase transition in Ge2Sb2Te5
Authors: Zheng Yonghui , Wang Yong , Xin Tianjiao , Cheng Yan , Huang Rong , Liu Pan , Luo Min , Zhang Zaoli , Lv Shilong , Song Zhitang , Feng Songlin
Published: February 2019

GeTe-Sb2Te3 pseudobinary system, especially Ge2Sb2Te5 alloy, is the most desirable material to be commercialized in phase change random access memory. Directly resolving the local atomic arrangement of Ge2Sb2Te5 during intermediate steps is an effective method to understand its transition mechanism from face-centered-cubic to hexagonal phases. In this study, we provide insights into the atomic arrangement variation during face-centered-cubic to hexagonal transition process in Ge2Sb2Te5 alloy by using advanced atomic resolution energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Induced by thermal annealing, randomly distributed germanium and antimony atoms would migrate to the specific (111) layer in different behaviors, and antimony atoms migrate earlier than germanium atoms during the phase transition process, gradually forming intermediate structures similar to hexagonal lattice. With the migration completed, the obtained stable hexagonal structure has a partially ordered stacking sequence described as below: -Te-Sbx/Gey-Te-Gex/Sby-Te-Gex/Sby-Te-Sbx/Gey-Te- (x > y), which is directly related to the migration process. The current visual fragments suggest a gradual transition mechanism, and guide the performance optimization of Ge2Sb2Te5 alloy.
One-step synthesis of bifunctional iron-doped manganese oxide nanorods for rechargeable zinc–air batteries
Authors: Mathur Ankita , Halder Aditi
Published: February 2019

Iron doped MnO2 nanorods are successfully synthesized via one step hydrothermal method. The nanorods shows remarkable high bifunctional electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction as well as oxygen evolution reaction. For practical applications, a solid-state zinc–air battery was made for powering a light emitting diode.
Expansion of the structural diversity of f-element bearing molybdate iodates: synthesis, structures, and optical properties
Authors: Lin Jian , Liu Qi , Yue Zenghui , Diefenbach Kariem , Cheng Liwei , Lin Yuejian , Wang Jian-Qiang
Published: February 2019

Expanding the family of f-element bearing molybdate iodates has resulted in eleven new complexes with periodically evolved topologies and intriguing optical properties.
Enriching novel dark chocolate withBacillus coagulansas a way to provide beneficial nutrients
Authors: Kobus-Cisowska Joanna , Szymanowska Daria , Maciejewska Paulina , Szczepaniak Oskar , Kmiecik Dominik , Gramza-Michałowska Anna , Kulczyński Bartosz , Cielecka-Piontek Judyta
Published: February 2019

The aim of the present study was to develop a novel type of probiotic chocolate with the additiveBacillus coagulansbacteria and determine the concentration of polyphenols and their bioaccessibility.
Single pot synthesis of indirect band gap 2D CsPb2Br5nanosheets from direct band gap 3D CsPbBr3nanocrystals and the origin of their luminescence properties
Authors: Acharyya Paribesh , Pal Provas , Samanta Pralok K. , Sarkar Arka , Pati Swapan K. , Biswas Kanishka
Published: February 2019

The origin of the luminescence properties of CsPb2Br5is ascribed to the presence of different amorphous lead bromide amine complexes.
Ether-soluble hole-transporting polymers based on triphenylamine/phenothiazine moieties with shallow HOMO levels
Authors: Peng Feng , Xu Jin , Zhang Yuhao , He Ruifeng , Yang Wei , Cao Yong
Published: February 2019

Novel ether-soluble hole-transporting polymers with shallow HOMO levels were used as efficient electron donors of charge carrier generation layers for tandem OLEDs.
Tuning the dielectric behavior of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-vinyl alcohol) using a facile urethane-based crosslinking method
Authors: Meereboer Niels L. , Terzić Ivan , Loos Katja
Published: February 2019

Crosslinking poly(VDF-co-VA) copolymers leads to a change from ferroelectric to double hysteresis loop behavior when the crosslinking density is increased.
Recombinantl-glutaminase obtained fromGeobacillus thermodenitrificansDSM-465: characterization andin silicoelucidation of conserved structural domains
Authors: Shah Luqman , Nadeem Muhammad Shahid , Khan Jalaluddin Azam , Zeyadi Mustafa A. , Zamzami Mazin A. , Mohammed Kaleemuddin
Published: February 2019

Glutaminase (GLS) is an enzyme essential for amino acid metabolism; in particular, it acts as a catalyst in glutaminolysis, a reaction exploited by the malignant cells to meet the nutrient requirements for their accelerated growth and proliferation.
Synthesis, characterization and electrochemical analysis of cysteine modified polymers for corrosion inhibition of mild steel in aqueous 1 M HCl
Authors: Jafar Mazumder Mohammad A.
Published: February 2019

Mild steel framework embedded in corrosion inhibiting structural motifs.
Introduction of carbon nanodots into SnO2 electron transport layer for efficient and UV stable planar perovskite solar cells
Authors: Wang Shuo , Zhu Yu , Liu Bao , Wang Chengyan , Ma Ruixin
Published: February 2019

The high-performance of planar perovskite solar cells with SnO2:CNDs.
Molecular engineering of central fused-ring cores of non-fullerene acceptors for high-efficiency organic solar cells
Authors: Wang Hongtao , Cao Jinru , Yu Jiangsheng , Zhang Zhuohan , Geng Renyong , Yang Linqiang , Tang Weihua
Published: February 2019

Core engineering on fused-ring electron acceptors for high-efficiency OSCs is reviewed.
Impact of shaping Aquivion PFSA on its catalytic performances
Authors: Karam Ayman , Franco Ana , Limousin Magali , Marinkovic Sinisa , Estrine Boris , Oldani Claudio , De Oliveira Vigier Karine , Luque Rafael , Jérôme François
Published: February 2019

The shaping of Aquivion PFSA into micropellets is a good compromise between its catalytic performances, its ease of recovery at the end of the reaction and its deactivation rate.
Engineering Fe-doped highly oxygenated solvothermal carbon from glucose-based eutectic system as active microcleaner and efficient carbocatalyst
Authors: Halanur M. Manohara , Chakraborty Supratim , Aruchamy Kanakaraj , Ghosh Debasis , Singh Nripat , Prasad Kamalesh , Kalpana D. , Nataraj S. K. , Mondal Dibyendu
Published: February 2019

Present study explore the novel method of preparing highly oxygenated STCs as active microcleaner for water purification and as potential catalyst.
Plasma lipidomic profiling in murine mutants of Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome reveals differential changes in pro- and anti-atherosclerotic lipids
Authors: Ma Jing , Wang Raoxu , Lam Sin Man , Zhang Chang , Shui Guanghou , Li Wei
Published: February 2019

Atherosclerosis is characterized by the accumulation of lipid-rich plaques in the arterial wall. Its pathogenesis is very complicated and has not yet been fully elucidated. It is known that dyslipidemia is a major factor in atherosclerosis. Several different Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome (HPS) mutant mice have been shown either anti-atherosclerotic or atherogenic phenotypes, which may be mainly attributed to corresponding lipid perturbation. To explore the effects of different HPS proteins on lipid metabolism and plasma lipid composition, we analyzed the plasma lipid profiles of three HPS mutant mice, pa (Hps9−/−), ru (Hps6−/−), ep (Hps1−/−), and wild-type (WT) mice. In pa and ru mice, some pro-atherosclerotic lipids, e.g. ceramide (Cer) and diacylglycerol (DAG), were down-regulated whereas triacylglycerol (TAG) containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (22:6) fatty acyl was up-regulated when compared with WT mice. Several pro-atherosclerotic lipids including phosphatidic acid (PA), lysophosphatidylserine (LPS), sphingomyelin (SM), and cholesterol (Cho) were up-regulated in ep mice compared with WT mice. The lipid droplets in hepatocytes showed corresponding changes in these mutants. Our data suggest that the pa mutant resembles the ru mutant in its anti-atherosclerotic effects, but the ep mutant has an atherogenic effect. Our findings may provide clues to explain why different HPS mutant mice exhibit distinct anti-atherosclerotic or atherogenic effects after being exposed to high-cholesterol diets.
Parallelised relaying protocol with opportunistic priority assignment for enhanced spectral efficiency in cross‐relay interference
Authors: Kim Kwang‐Yul , Kim Junsu , Shin Yoan
Published: February 2019

A conventional relaying system is based on an orthogonal two‐phase transmission protocol where time slots for the source (the first phase) and relays (the second phase) are exclusively allocated to avoid interference. For this reason, the conventional relaying schemes suffer from the reduction in spectral efficiency. In order to overcome this drawback, a parallelised relaying protocol with simultaneous transmission has been proposed. However, simultaneous transmission may not be a good strategy in such a strong cross‐relay interference. In this study, the authors propose a parallelised relaying protocol with an opportunistic priority assignment. In the proposed scheme, they consider the cognitive radio technique as a way to improve the spectral efficiency of the conventional parallelised relaying protocol in the cross‐relay interference. They evaluate the instantaneous capacity of the proposed scheme through computer simulations and conclude that their scheme can improve the spectral efficiency of the conventional relaying systems significantly.
Electromagnetic and thermal analysis and design of a novel‐structured surface‐mounted permanent magnet motor with high‐power‐density
Authors: Lee Jae‐Gil , Yeo Han‐Kyeol , Jung Hyun‐Kyo , Kim Tae‐Keun , Ro Jong‐Suk
Published: February 2019

A segmented‐core (SC) structure has been widely used for high‐power‐density (HP) motors. However, the SC motor is associated with a number of problems due to the complexity of both the structure and the manufacturing process. To address these issues, a novel structure of a HP motor is proposed, referred to as the ring‐coupled segmented‐stator (RSS) model here. The proposed RSS can increase the reliability, the stability, and the manufacturability of motor. Furthermore, useful thermal analysis and design flow which take into account the RSS and asymmetric overhang structure of the motor are proposed in this research. The proposed lumped parameter thermal network (LPTN) for the thermal analysis shows a good agreement with experimental data within 9.8% difference. The proposed analysis and design method can be used for the diverse kinds of motor requiring the HP. The usefulness of the proposed RSS motor, the analysis method, and the design method are verified through the experiment in this research.
VSP predictive torque control of PMSM
Authors: Shi Tingna , Xu Yan , Xiao Meng , Gu Xin , Yan Yan , Xia Changliang
Published: February 2019

This study applies the idea of variable switching point (VSP) to the predictive torque control (PTC) strategy for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) and proposes a new method to suppress the torque ripple of PMSM, without causing higher switching frequency. In this study, the head vector and tail vector act together in one control period. They form an infinite synthesised vector set based on VSP control. According to the distribution of all synthesised vectors and the position of expected voltage vector, the candidate VVs table containing duty ratio information is constructed off‐line. By using the position information of expected voltage vector and the tail vector of the previous period, 3–5 candidate VVs in the table can be directly obtained, so the VSP predictive control can be realised without calculating the switching time online. The experimental results show that the proposed VSP‐PTC can effectively suppress the torque ripple without causing high switching frequency.
Detection and isolation of false data injection attack for smart grids via unknown input observers
Authors: Luo Xiaoyuan , Wang Xinyu , Pan Xueyang , Guan Xinping
Published: February 2019

The emergence of cyber‐physical attacks brings a key challenge to the existing system integrity protection schemes (SIPSs) of smart grids. As one of typical cyber‐physical attacks, false data injection attacks (FDIAs) can bypass the existing Kalman filter‐based ‐detector detection techniques in SIPSs. To improve the detection performance against the FDIAs in SIPSs, this study proposes an unknown input observer (UIO)‐based detection and isolation method. Taking the stealthy characteristics of FDIAs into account, this study presents a set of UIOs to detect the FDIA based on the internally physical dynamics. Furthermore, a UIO‐based detection and isolation algorithm against the FDIAs is proposed based on the feature of residuals generated by UIOs. To detect the cyber attacks quickly and avoid missing detection, an adaptive threshold is designed to replace the precomputed threshold by taking the model linearised error and disturbance into account. Finally, comprehensive simulation results on the proposed algorithm are carried out, and the effectiveness of improving the detection performance in SIPSs is verified.
Fast capacitor voltage balancing strategy based on system history operation information for MMC
Authors: Wang Qin , Liu Kaipei , Wang Kun , Qin Liang , Zhang Jian , Pu Qingxin
Published: February 2019

The conventional capacitor voltage balancing strategy of the modular multi‐level converter (MMC) requires real‐time sorting in each control cycle, which brings huge computational load to the controller. Therefore, a fast capacitor voltage balancing method for MMC is proposed. Based on the conventional strategy, this method combines the operating rules of the sub‐module (SM), considering the voltages of SMs and historical information on charging and discharging of the capacitor. It selects the appropriate insert object and insertion process according to the relationship between the number of the switched‐on and switched‐off SMs in the last control cycle, and quickly forms the ordered sequence of SMs in the control cycle. The simulation results show that the proposed strategy can achieve voltage balancing with low computational complexity, significantly improve the system simulation speed, and effectively reduce the controller resources occupied by the balancing strategy.
Optimal placement of grounding small resistance in neutral point for restraining voltage fluctuation in power grid caused by geomagnetic storm
Authors: Yang Pei‐Hong , Li Ya , Liu Lian‐Guang , Dong Xiao‐Ling , Zhang Jian‐Jun
Published: February 2019

The reactive loss generated from the geomagnetically induced current (GIC) flowing through transformers has a characteristic of simultaneity in the whole power grid, which will result in a lack of reactive power, bring about voltage fluctuation and even threaten the safe operation of power grid. To solve the voltage fluctuation problem generated by GIC, this study presents a solution to restrain the voltage fluctuation by placing grounding small resistances in transformer neutral points. Aimed at minimising the voltage offset and the configuration budget and taking account into the limit of resistance value, the generator's reactive power output and the constraint of adjustable‐ratio of transformers, a multiple‐objective optimisation strategy known as NSDEA based on the elitist non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm combined with the differential evolution algorithm is proposed in this study, whose feasibility has been demonstrated by applying it in the placement schemes of 750/330 kV Gansu Provincial power grid and the 750 kV UHV power grid of northwest region in China. Results indicate that the optimal configuration scheme can effectively restrain the voltage fluctuation caused by GIC with the voltage offset reduced obviously, thus helps to improve the resistance strength of the large‐scale power grid to the risk of geomagnetic storm.
Broadband aperture‐coupling patch antenna with improved radiation and scattering performance based on metamaterial absorber
Authors: Zhou Yu‐Long , Cao Xiang‐Yu , Gao Jun , Zheng Yue‐Jun , Yang Huan‐Huan , Li Si‐Jia
Published: February 2019

A broadband aperture‐coupling patch antenna (ACPA) with improved radiation and scattering performance is proposed and analysed. In order to broaden the operating bandwidth of APCA, parameters of APCA are investigated and optimised. Then, a novel broadband metamaterial absorber (MA) is designed to be coplanar on APCA. Simulated results indicate that MA‐based APCA possess a remarkable RCS reduction and gain enhancement. The RCS reduction is achieved from 3 GHz to 16.0 GHz for the both polarisation, with a maximum reduction of 46.2 dB under x‐polarisation incidence at 8.1 GHz and 21.9 dB under y‐polarisation incidence at 8.7 GHz. The operating bandwidth of MA‐based APCA is also covered by the reduction band, which is from 8.1 GHz to 10.9 GHz. Meanwhile, the gain enhancement is also achieved in the operating band, and the maximum improvement is 2.3 dB at 10.9 GHz. A prototype has been fabricated and measured, and measured results are in agreement with the corresponding simulated results.
Multiwavelength study of the G345.5+1.5 region
Authors: Figueira M. , López-Calderón C. , Bronfman L. , Zavagno A. , Hervías-Caimapo C. , Duronea N. , Nyman L.-Å.
Published: February 2019

Context. The star formation process requires the dust and gas present in the Milky Way to self-assemble into dense reservoirs of neutral material where the new generation of stars will emerge. Star-forming regions are usually studied in the context of Galactic surveys, but dedicated observations are sometimes needed when the study reaches beyond the survey area.

Aims. A better understanding of the star formation process in the Galaxy can be obtained by studying several regions. This allows increasing the sample of objects (clumps, cores, and stars) for further statistical works and deeper follow-up studies. Here, we studied the G345.5+1.5 region, which is located slightly above the Galactic plane, to understand its star formation properties.

Methods. We combined Large Apex BOlometer CAmera (LABOCA) and 12CO(4−3) transition line (NANTEN2) observations complemented with the Hi-GAL and Spitzer-GLIMPSE surveys to study the star formation toward this region. We used the Clumpfind algorithm to extract the clumps from the 870 μm and 12CO(4−3) data. Radio emission at 36 cm was used to estimate the number of H II regions and to remove the contamination from the free–free emission at 870 μm. We employed color–color diagrams and spectral energy distribution (SED) slopes to distinguish between prestellar and protostellar clumps. We studied the boundedness of the clumps through the virial parameter. Finally, we estimated the star formation efficiency (SFE) and star formation rate (SFR) of the region and used the Schmidt–Kennicutt diagram to compare its ability to form stars with other regions of the Galactic plane.

Results. Of the 13 radio sources that we found using the MGPS-2 catalog, 7 are found to be associated with H II regions corresponding to late-B or early-O stars. We found 45 870 μm clumps with diameters between 0.4 and 1.2 pc and masses between 43 M⊙ and 3923 M⊙, and 107 12CO clumps with diameters between 0.4 and 1.3 pc and masses between 28 M⊙ and 9433 M⊙. More than 50% of the clumps are protostellar and bounded and are able to host (massive) star formation. High SFR and SFR density (ΣSFR) values are associated with the region, with an SFE of a few percent.

Conclusions. With submillimeter, CO transition, and short-wavelength infrared observations, our study reveals a population of massive stars, protostellar and bound starless clumps, toward G345.5+1.5. This region is therefore actively forming stars, and its location in the starburst quadrant of the Schmidt–Kennicutt diagram is comparable to other star-forming regions found within the Galactic plane.
Protostellar Outflows at the EarliesT Stages (POETS)
Authors: Sanna A. , Moscadelli L. , Goddi C. , Beltrán M. , Brogan C. L. , Caratti o Garatti A. , Carrasco-González C. , Hunter T. R. , Massi F. , Padovani M.
Published: February 2019

Centimeter continuum observations of protostellar jets have revealed knots of shocked gas where the flux density decreases with frequency. This spectrum is characteristic of nonthermal synchrotron radiation and implies both magnetic fields and relativistic electrons in protostellar jets. Here, we report on one of the few detections of a nonthermal jet driven by a young massive star in the star-forming region G035.02+0.35. We made use of the NSF’s Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) to observe this region at C, Ku, and K bands with the A- and B-array configurations, and obtained sensitive radio continuum maps down to an rms of 10 μJy beam−1. These observations allow for a detailed spectral index analysis of the radio continuum emission in the region, which we interpret as a protostellar jet with a number of knots aligned with extended 4.5 μm emission. Two knots clearly emit nonthermal radiation and are found at similar distances, of approximately 10 000 au, at each side of the central young star, from which they expand at velocities of several hundred km s−1. We estimate both the mechanical force and the magnetic field associated with the radio jet, and infer a lower limit of 0.4 × 10−4 M⊙ yr−1 km s−1 and values in the range 0.7–1.3 mG.
Spectangular: Disentangling variable spectra
Authors: Sablowski Daniel P. , Järvinen Silva , Weber Michael
Published: February 2019

Spectangular is a GUI based software package written in C++ designed for spectral disentangling on the wavelength scale. The code disentangles spectra of SB1 and SB2 systems and can now also be used also for spectra showing variability. In this work, effects of variability caused by telluric lines, line profile, and continuum flux are being investigated. Also shown is the disentangling on spectra from an artificial eclipsing binary. It is now possible to optimize on the flux ratios of each spectrum, making the disentangling a technique for extracting photometric information from spectroscopic observations usually provided by additional photometry. Furthermore, we make some comments about changes to the code since it was first published.
The algorithm of steam soot blowers operation based on the monitoring of fouling factors of heating surfaces of a coal-fired boiler under operating conditions
Authors: Bujalski Maciej , Żyrkowski Maciej , Nabagło Daniel , Szczepanek Krzysztof
Published: February 2019

The article deals with the problem of optimizing the operation of soot blowers in a pulverized coal-fired boiler based on the instantaneous degree of cleanliness of heating surfaces, determined in real time. The elaborated methodology of calculations and the algorithm that determines the optimal configuration of the blowers operation has been implemented and tested on a boiler with a capacity of 380 t/h. The indicator defining the degree of cleanliness of a given heating surface is calculated using available measurements of process parameters based on the epsilon-NTU method. The calculations are carried out in the DCS system for each surface individually (air and water heaters, evaporator, superheaters). During the standard operation of the boiler, the adopted methodology was verified, having analysed the usefulness of the tool to assess the boiler cleanliness under operating condition.
Analysis of superheater tubes failure
Authors: Felkowski Łukasz , Mędrala Jakub
Published: February 2019

Failures of boiler pressure parts, which working in high temperature and pressure conditions are often caused by overheating or corrosion. These two parameters are decisive, but not the only ones. Local stress concentration also depends on the type of headers support and external loads from pipelines. Boiler pressure parts subjected to all loads mentioned before are steam superheaters. Thermal expansion, high pressure and temperature lead to shortening superheaters lifetime. In the places with significant stress caused by all load combinations it is difficult to predict creep strains and material structure changes. This paper shows superheater in which considering external loads from pipeline and their influence on the stress concentration in the superheater tubes. This article also shows steel S304H creep analysis for 100k [h] results and creep equation with experimental developed constants.
Experimental investigation of the flow characteristics of low-pressure drop air nozzles working with CFB boilers
Authors: Mirek Paweł
Published: February 2019

The paper presents the most important flow characteristics of low-pressure drop primary air nozzles used in circulating fluidized bed boilers. The role of an air nozzle pressure drop, pressure fluctuation, as well as air jet penetration length, orifice outlet jet kinetic energy and aerodynamic drag force of the gas outlet jet have been discussed. For the purpose of cold model studies the Lagisza 966MWth supercritical CFB boiler operating at the company TAURON Wytwarzanie SA, Poland has been chosen as the reference facility. In the experimental tests, three types of primary air nozzles with comparable static pressure drop and varied aerodynamic drag force have been tested. The experiments clearly showed that the pressure drop cannot be the only parameter characterizing the operation of the primary air nozzle and the air jet penetration length is determined primarily by the orifice outlet jet kinetic energy and not by the outlet jet velocity.
Production of quarkonium pairs in high-energy proton-proton collisions
Authors: Schäfer Wolfgang
Published: February 2019

Recently there has been much interest in the pair production of quarkonia (charmonia, bottomonia). There are two main motivations behind these studies: first, these processes may help to differentiate between different proposed production mechanisms via color-octet and color-singlet QQ̄ -pair production. Second, the production of quarkonium pairs is expected to receive an important contribution from double parton scattering (DPS) processes. There remain a number of open problems, especially with the CMS and ATLAS data. In the kinematics of these experiments, the leading order of $O\left( {\alpha _S^4} \right)$ is clearly not sufficient. The double parton scattering (DPS) contribution was claimed to be large or even dominant in some corners of the phase space, when the rapidity distance Δy between two J/ψ mesons is large. However the effective cross sections σeff found from empirical analyses are about a factor 2.5 smaller than the usually accepted σeff = 15 mb. Here we discuss, which single-parton-scattering mechanisms can mimic the behavior of DPS induced production. Here especially the production of χ-pairs is important.
Resonances in forward π+π− photoproduction on hydrogen
Authors: Bibrzycki Ł. , Bydžovský P. , Kamiński R. , Szczepaniak A. P.
Published: February 2019

We show that the cross section of the Δ(1230) production in the γp → pπ+ π− reaction at forward angles and with unpolarized photons can be described in terms of gauge invariant one pion t-channel exchange amplitudes. Proper description of the polarized cross sections requires, however, the inclusion of contributions from the baryon exchanges.
Time Over Threshold as a measure of energy response of plastic scintillators used in the J-PET detector
Authors: Sharma Sushil
Published: February 2019

The Jagiellonian Positron Emission Tomograph (J-PET) is a multipurpose detector being developed to provide an economical alternative of commercially available PETs as well as to perform the tests on the discrete symmetries and entanglement. It is composed of 192 plastic scintillators axially arranged in three cylindrical layers. In the framework of J-PET detector, Time-Over-Threshold (TOT) approach is adopted for the signal readouts in order to utilize the excellent time resolution of the plastic scintillators. In this paper, we present a method elaborated for establishing a relation between TOT and energy loss.
Making a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) about Astrobiology: Why? For Whom? How?
Authors: Lineweaver Charles H.
Published: February 2019

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are becoming the textbooks of the 21st century. I describe what a MOOC is, and try to answer the questions: Why make a MOOC? Who are MOOCs for? and How to make a MOOC? Anxiety about MOOCs replacing teachers is largely misplaced. I describe my on-going experience of putting together an astrobiology MOOC for the Australian National University.
E-invexity and generalized E-invexity in E-differentiable multiobjective programming
Authors: Abdulaleem Najeeb
Published: February 2019

In this paper, a new concept of generalized convexity is introduced for not necessarily diﬀerentiable vector optimization problems. For an E-diﬀerentiable function, the concept of E-invexity is introduced as a generalization of the E-diﬀerentiable E-convexity notion. In addition, some properties of E-diﬀerentiable E-invex functions are investigated. Furthermore, the so-called E-Karush-Kuhn-Tucker necessary optimality conditions are established for the considered E-diﬀerentiable vector optimization problems with both inequality and equality constraints. Also, the suﬃciency of the E-Karush-Kuhn-Tucker necessary optimality conditions are proved for such E-diﬀerentiable vector optimization problems in which the involved functions are E-invex and/or generalized E-invex.
Linear Bearing Fault Detection in Operational Condition Using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Lawbootsa Siwanu , Chommaungpuck Prathan , Srisertpol Jiraphon
Published: February 2019

Nowadays, Factors of a competition of Hard Disk Drive (HDD) industry have reduced the cost of manufacturing process via increasing the rate of productivity and reliability of the automation machine. This paper aims to increase the efficacy of Condition-Based Maintenance (CBM) of linear bearing in Auto Core Adhesion Mounting machine (ACAM). The linear bearing faults considered in three causes such as healthy bearing, one ball bearing damage and one ball bearing damage with starved lubricant. The Fast Fourier Transform spectrum (FFT spectrum) can be detected for linear bearing faults and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method used to analyze the cause of linear bearing faults in operational condition. The experimental results show the potential application of ANN and FFT spectrum technique as Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) tool for linear bearing fault detection performance. The accuracy and decision making of ANN is enough to develop the diagnostic method for automation machine in operational condition.
Continuous Speech Recognition of Kazakh Language
Authors: Mamyrbayev Оrken , Turdalyuly Mussa , Mekebayev Nurbapa , Mukhsina Kuralay , Keylan Alimukhan , BabaAli Bagher , Nabieva Gulnaz , Duisenbayeva Aigerim , Akhmetov Bekturgan
Published: February 2019

This article describes the methods of creating a system of recognizing the continuous speech of Kazakh language. Studies on recognition of Kazakh speech in comparison with other languages began relatively recently, that is after obtaining independence of the country, and belongs to low resource languages. A large amount of data is required to create a reliable system and evaluate it accurately. A database has been created for the Kazakh language, consisting of a speech signal and corresponding transcriptions. The continuous speech has been composed of 200 speakers of different genders and ages, and the pronunciation vocabulary of the selected language. Traditional models and deep neural networks have been used to train the system. As a result, a word error rate (WER) of 30.01% has been obtained.
Stability of the ale space-time discontinuous Galerkin method for nonlinear convection-diffusion problems in time-dependent domains
Authors: Balázsová Monika , Feistauer Miloslav , Vlasák Miloslav
Published: February 2019

The paper is concerned with the analysis of the space-time discontinuous Galerkin method (STDGM) applied to the numerical solution of nonstationary nonlinear convection-diffusion initial- boundary value problem in a time-dependent domain. The problem is reformulated using the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) method, which replaces the classical partial time derivative by the so-called ALE derivative and an additional convective term. The problem is discretized with the use of the ALE- space time discontinuous Galerkin method (ALE-STDGM). In the formulation of the numerical scheme we use the nonsymmetric, symmetric and incomplete versions of the space discretization of diffusion terms and interior and boundary penalty. The nonlinear convection terms are discretized with the aid of a numerical flux. The main attention is paid to the proof of the unconditional stability of the method. An important step is the generalization of a discrete characteristic function associated with the approximate solution and the derivation of its properties.
Choix, décision et projet dans l’action : préséance du projet dans une perspective pluridisciplinaire
Authors: Boutinet Jean-Pierre , Bréchet Jean-Pierre
Published: February 2019

Partant des fondements multidimensionnels de l’action, choix, décision et projet sont présentés comme trois grands modes de détermination des personnes et des groupes dans l’action. Ces trois modes n’ont pas la même importance ni la même place dans les grandes théories de l’action. Une explication majeure réside dans le traitement de la temporalité. L’action sociale comprise comme processus engage à poser la préséance du projet, porteur d’une temporalité englobante, au regard du choix et de la décision qui s’inscrivent dans des temporalités plus ponctuelles. Le concept de projet, qui trouve ses origines dans les sphères de l’architecture, de la philosophie, de la politique comme des sciences et techniques, témoigne aussi aisément de sa nature fondamentalement transdisciplinaire. Il semble à même de jouer un rôle important pour fonder une perspective pluridisciplinaire sur le plan paradigmatique et théorique comme sur celui des postures de recherche.
Vestibular frenectomy in periodontal plastic surgery
Authors: Monnet-Corti V. , Antezack A. , Moll V.
Published: February 2019

Vestibular frena are bands of soft tissue that connect the lip or cheek to the alveolar mucosa or to the gum and that can restrict their movements. These mucosal folds can, in some cases, attach too close to the teeth and are associated to a persistent diastema. Additionally, if this frenum is too tight, it can cause gum recession by pulling the gums away from the teeth. The position of a frenum can become more apical and be corrected during growth with anterior teeth eruption. However, when it causes self-consciousness, pain, or gum recession, a frenectomy is indicated. The frenectomy is a simple procedure which involves total surgical removal of a frenum. The presence of a hypertrophic maxillary vestibular medial frenum associated with a diastema is the most commonly encountered indication in children. Its elimination will contribute to diastema closure that will stay stable over time.
Could a Titanium Ulnar Shortening Plate Trigger a Metal Allergy? A Case Report
Authors: Dmochowski Jakub M. , Royal Jeremy T. , Lourie Gary M.
Published: February 2019

Background With the growing use of metallic implants, increased research has focused on metal hypersensitivity. The purpose of this case report is to describe a patient with a suspected metal allergy to a titanium plate and to review the literature behind this controversial topic.

Case Description A 45-year-old woman underwent ulnar shortening osteotomy for ulnocarpal abutment. One year later, the patient continued to have chronic pain at the site of the implant, with negative work-up for infection, hardware loosening, or failure. During hardware removal, intraoperative findings revealed titanium particle wear in the surrounding tissues, and subsequent allergy testing revealed a new diagnosis of nickel allergy. Following hardware removal, the patient had complete resolution of her symptoms at 3 months without any recurrence after 12 months from the date of surgery.

Discussion Metals are the most common cause of allergic contact dermatitis. With the increased use of metallic implants, it is no surprise that metal implant allergies have become a cause for concern. While there are multiple tests to try and diagnose a metal implant allergy, there is no gold standard, and results are often difficult to interpret. Physicians need to be cognizant of metal allergies with there often vague symptoms as we continue to search for more reliable and affordable testing.

Clinical Relevance Metal implant allergies can be difficult to diagnose. It is often a diagnosis of exclusion but requires a heightened sense of awareness in the face of a negative work-up with persistent symptoms.
6 Hazardous Reagents in Continuous-Flow Chemistry
Authors: Hicklin R. W. , Strom A. E. , Styduhar E. D. , Jamison T. F.
Published: February 2019

Continuous-flow technology enables the use of hazardous reagents and the safe handling of hazardous intermediates. This chapter focuses on the application of continuous-flow techniques in reactions involving reactive organometallic reagents, hazardous nitrogen- and halogen-based reagents, oxidants, and toxic low-molecular-weight reagents.
Effect of distance between the laser spot and the cavity center on spatially confined laser-induced copper plasma
Authors: Jia Junwei , Fu Hongbo , Wang Huadong , Ni Zhibo , Dong Fengzhong
Published: February 2019

We investigated the effect of distance between the laser spot and the cavity center on spatially confined laser-induced copper plasma in air. Spatial cylindrical cavities with various diameters (2mm, 3mm, 4mm and 5mm) and heights (2mm, 4mm, 6mm and 8mm) were used to confine the plasma, and different enhancements were observed when the laser spot at different locations in the same cavity. The maximum enhancement factor for the spectral intensity of Cu atomic line to be around 9 was measured at a time delay of 2.5μs when the distance was 0mm. The plasma temperature was calculated by the Boltzmann plot method, including five Cu atomic lines (324.75nm, 327.40nm, 510.55nm, 515.32nm and 521.82nm). The enhancement of the plasma temperature had a similar trend with the spectral intensity and also showed a strong dependence on the distance. The results demonstrated that the enhancement effect at the center of the cavity was the most significant for the uniform and balanced compression of the reflected shock waves in all directions.
Coherent light brightens the quantum science frontier
Authors: Murnane Margaret M. , Ye Jun
Published: February 2019

Controlling coherent light across a vast spectral range enables ultraprecise measurements and the quantum control of atomic, molecular, and condensed-matter systems.
Effects of tag type, morphological location and tagger experience on tag retention rates in freshwater fishes
Authors: Lyon Jarod P. , Hale Robin , Kitchingman Adrian , O'Connor Justin , Sharley Joanne , Tonkin Zeb
Published: February 2019

Mark–recapture of fish is often used to inform fisheries or conservation management. Given that variability in tagging efficiencies can affect estimates of population size, it is important that rates of tag rejection are quantified. We double tagged over 45000 large-bodied, long-lived fish in a turbid lowland river in south-eastern Australia. During yearly recapture fish surveys, data on tag rejection were collected. We found that the probability of tag rejection varied as a function of fish species, tag type and tagger experience. Floy tags were more likely to be rejected as dart tags in large-bodied golden perch Macquaria ambigua (6 and 3% respectively), silver perch (18 and 4% respectively) and trout cod (19 and 7% respectively), whereas rates of rejection in the large-bodied Murray cod Maccullochella peelii were similar for both tag types (12 and 10% respectively). More experienced taggers had lower rates of rejection, which varied between 1 and 48% for individual taggers. We trialled three morphological locations for passive integrated transponder (PIT) tagging of fish, with rejection rates lowest for tags implanted in the stomach cavity and highest for those implanted in the pectoral musculature. This study presents the first tag rejection rates for dart, floy and PIT tags for lowland Australian river fish, information that can help guide future monitoring programs.
Perception metaphors
Authors: O'Meara Carolyn , Speed Laura J. , San Roque Lila , Majid Asifa
Published: February 2019

Our bodily experiences play an important role in the way that we think and speak. Abstract language is, however, difficult to reconcile with this body-centred view, unless we appreciate the role metaphors play. To explore the role of the senses across semantic domains, we focus on perception metaphors, and examine their realisation across diverse languages, methods, and approaches. To what extent do mappings in perception metaphor adhere to predictions based on our biological propensities; and to what extent is there space for cross-linguistic and cross-cultural variation? We find that while some metaphors have widespread commonality, there is more diversity attested than should be comfortable for universalist accounts.
Why do we understand music as moving?
Authors: Julich-Warpakowski Nina
Published: February 2019

Although musical structure is commonly perceived as moving, its motivation remains a debated issue. Conceptual Metaphor Theory approaches assume that musical motion is motivated by conceptual metaphors like time is motion and change is motion. The current study aims to investigate whether these conceptual metaphors successfully describe musical motion. For the analysis, a corpus of 10,000 words taken from the genre of music criticism (academic musicology journals and newspaper concert reviews of classical music) was compiled and exhaustively analysed with respect to metaphorical expressions. The results suggest that whereas many motion expressions for music seem to be motivated by time is motion as well as change is motion, a number of instances may instead present cases of fictive motion.
Going global and sounding local
Authors: Diskin Chloé , Levey Stephen
Published: February 2019

We chart the incursion of quotativebe likeinto Dublin English, drawing comparisons with similar developments in urban Canadian English as well as with diachronic benchmarks representing vernacular Irish English. Quantitative analysis reveals thatbe likeis the lead variant in the quotative system used by young Dubliners and is advancing along a similar, though not identical, cline of grammaticalization to that found in urban Canadian English. We use the resultant information about the Dublin English quotative system as a baseline to assess the extent to which this system has been acquired by Polish-born L2 speakers of English differentiated in terms of target language proficiency. Comparison of the L2 quotative system with the L1 Dublin English benchmark reveals that not all L1 usage constraints are faithfully replicated by L2 speakers, indicating that the acquisition of the relevant constraints is incomplete, even in the case of advanced learners.
Variation in wh-expressions asking for a reason
Authors: Endo Yoshio
Published: February 2019

In this paper, I will discuss some types of variation in wh-expressions asking for reasons such aswhy,what…forandhow comewith special attention to their base-generated positions in the framework of the cartography of syntactic structures. I will first discusswhyandwhat…forto illustrate variation in the base-generated position of wh-expressions asking for reasons. I will next explore a new dimension in the cartography of syntactic structures by discussing some variation in the use ofhow comeand the complementizerthatamong speakers.