bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abnormal grain growth in thin copper foils during high-temperature annealing
Authors: Guo J , Zhang C L , Li X , Huang T L , Wu G L , Shi H F , Jensen D Juul , Huang X X
Published: November 2023

We investigate grain growth at 1000 °C, a critical temperature for abnormal grain growth in copper foils. By ex-situ annealing experiments at 1000 °C, it is found that abnormal grains grow through the entire sample thickness, forming a polycrystalline structure with a single layer of grains. The migration of the boundaries surrounding the abnormally large grains are characterized by optical microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction. The migration rates are found to vary significantly from place to place, which is analysed based on boundary characteristics, i.e., misorientation and boundary curvature, and the size distribution of the neighbouring grains.
Annealing behavior of AlSi10Mg alloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Chen S Q , Huang X Y , Shuai L F , Wu G L , Huang T L , Huang X X
Published: November 2023

The AlSi10Mg alloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion was subjected to isochronal annealing for 2h at temperatures in the range of 100–520 °C. Recovery and grain growth of the annealed samples were investigated by combining EBSD and in situ TEM techniques. A bimodal grain size distribution with grain sizes of 0.9 μm and 2.3 μm was developed in the initial sample, where large grains were found in the interiors of melt pools and most of small grains were distributed along melt pool boundaries. In-situ TEM investigations revealed that nucleation that occurs at the melt pool boundaries is as a consequence of migration of high angle boundaries during annealing. A slight increase in grain sizes was discovered during high-temperature heat treatment, indicating the remarkable thermal stability of the alloy compared to conventional cast Al-Si alloys. This is explained by the fact that the stable eutectic Si structure, which was originally formed during rapid solidification, can effectively retard grain boundary migration during recrystallization.
TEM observations of variation of dislocation cell structures along the building direction in SLM-316L stainless steel
Authors: Fan J M , Wang W Y , Zhu Y Y , Liu Q , Chen S Q , Godfrey A , Che H Q , Huang X X
Published: November 2023

Ultra-fast cooling and cyclic thermal heating associated with the additive manufacturing by selective laser melting (SLM) often lead to the formation of multi-scale microstructures in manufactured metallic materials. It has been frequently reported that a dislocation cell structure develops within the grains in SLM-316L stainless steels (ss), which has important effects on their mechanical properties and thermal stability. However, the formation mechanism of the dislocation cell structure is still under debate. In this study, we used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques to characterize the variation of dislocation structures along the building direction in a SLM-316L ss sample. It exhibits various dislocation structures in the very surface melt pools. The distribution of dislocations at shallower locations is relatively discrete. While the dislocation cell structures are completely formed at deeper locations, which are similar to the bulk interior of the sample. The thermal cycle is not the main contribution to the formation of dislocation cell structures, but plays the role in enhancing the annihilation of dislocations inside the cells and sharpening the cell boundaries.
Microstructural and textural gradients in SLM-manufactured AlSi10Mg after low-draught cold-rolling and heat treatment
Authors: Liao Z , Zhang L , Huang X , Jensen D Juul
Published: November 2023

Additively manufactured AlSi10Mg is often subject to a two-stage heat treatment, namely solid solution treatment followed by artificial aging, to achieve optimal properties. Before such heat treatments, slight surface plastic deformation may be applied to modify the surface quality and properties. However, gradients in microstructure and texture near the surface introduced by the plastic deformation may cause undesired microstructural and textural evolutions during subsequent heat treatment. In this work, we introduce plastic deformation in the surface layer in an SLM-manufactured AlSi10Mg sample by relatively low-draught cold rolling and we investigate the through-thickness variations in microstructure and texture in the deformed state and after heat treatment. The SLM-manufactured AlSi10Mg sample has a fine-scale microstructure and a weak texture, and is rather thermally stable during subsequent heat treatments. Applying 10% low-draught cold rolling to the SLM-manufactured AlSi10Mg sample is found to introduce a near Goss texture in the surface layer, while little change is observed in the center layer. After subsequent solution treatment and aging, abnormal grain growth occurred in the surface layer resulting in remarkable through thickness gradients in microstructure and texture.
In situ measurement of austenite grain growth and recrystallization using laser ultrasonics
Authors: Lin Minghui , Roy Sabyasachi , Militzer Matthias
Published: November 2023

The development of next generation process models and advanced high-strength steel products for thin slab casting and direct rolling requires quantification of microstructure evolution during thermomechanical processing. Laser ultrasonics is a non-contact in-situ method to record grain growth, recrystallization and phase transformations in metals and alloys. Here, we will present an improved experimental design that facilitates a continuous microstructure measurement through the various stages of simulated hot rolling from reheating to runout table cooling using a Gleeble thermomechanical simulator equipped with a laser ultrasonics for metallurgy (LUMet) system. Austenite grain growth and static recrystallization after hot deformation are quantified based on attenuation of the ultrasound waves whereas austenite decomposition can be recorded with the changes in ultrasound velocity during the phase transformation. Further, the LUMet results for a microalloyed low carbon steel are validated with conventional techniques including optical and electron microscopy as well as double-hit tests. These experimental studies demonstrate the capabilities of laser ultrasonics in the identification of both normal and abnormal grain growth, non-recrystallization temperature, recrystallization, and austenite decomposition kinetics in a single test for a given processing path, as well as its potential for accelerated optimization of process control under industrial rolling conditions.
Multiobjective Optimization Design of a Brushless Excitation Synchronous Motor Based on the Taguchi Method
Authors: Sun Chuanhui , Xu Yufa
Published: November 2023

Considering the issue of significant total harmonic distortion in the no-load back electromotive force (EMF) and torque ripple of a brushless excitation synchronous motor (BESM) used in a compressor, a multiobjective optimization design method of a BESM based on the Taguchi method was proposed. By selecting the polar arc coefficient, stator slot width, damping winding pitch, and air gap length as the optimization parameters, the maximum no-load back EMF, minimum back EMF total harmonic distortion rate, and minimum torque ripple are selected as the optimization objectives. Then, the Taguchi method was employed to construct an orthogonal table to enhance the performance of the optimization objectives. This approach facilitated the determination of the optimal parameter combination for optimization. Finally, the simulation results indicate significant enhancements in each optimized aspect of the motor’s performance following the optimization process. This outcome serves as validation for the efficacy of the Taguchi method in achieving an optimal design for the BESM.
Real-time Lightweight Target Detection Network under Autonomous Driving
Authors: Zheng Quanfeng , Xu Shuobo , Liu Chunling , Li Yanshun , He Qiang
Published: November 2023

Target detection in traffic scenes has been a focal point concerning computer vision, especially in the context of autonomous driving, including the recognition of vehicles, pedestrians, and traffic signs. However, the computational power of devices operating in traffic scenarios is limited, placing stringent demands on computational resources and latency. To address these challenges, this study proposed a lightweight detection algorithm, GV2-YOLO, which prioritizes both speed and accuracy. First, we apply the GhostNetv2 architecture and incorporate the Ghost module to decrease the parameters of the backbone feature extraction network. Second, the algorithm also integrates SPPF and Slim-neck by GSConv techniques, which effectively reduces the computational complexity while ensuring the resulting significant reduction in detection accuracy. Our proposed algorithm achieves a mAP of 84.7% on the CCTSDB dataset. The algorithm has a total parameter count of 9.1 M, making it ideal for deployment in embedded autonomous driving platforms.
Binary Tree Algorithm-based Fault Location Method for Tripping in Ultra-high Voltage Substations
Authors: Zhou Lihui , Shen Yu , Zhang Song , Li Haiyu , Ni Jiayang
Published: November 2023

The current conventional method for fault location in substations involves using a mathematical model to convert the problem into a parameter identification problem. However, this approach often yields poor results due to the lack of characterization of fault features. To address this, a new fault location method for tripping faults in Extra High Voltage (EHV) substations is proposed. This method utilizes a binary tree algorithm to construct a fault binary tree and encode the nodes to accurately characterize the fault characteristics. Using this information, a fault location model is developed. Experimental verification confirms the effectiveness of the proposed method, with analysis showing its ability to successfully locate tripping faults in EHV substations with high convergence and superior accuracy.
Design of T-shaped non-uniform microstrip lines for reducing crosstalk in high-speed PCBs
Authors: Dong Weijie , Duan Hanqing , Xie Yongping
Published: November 2023

High-speed and high-density PCB circuit layout design faces serious signal integrity problems. Crosstalk is one of the key problems affecting signal quality. Periodic non-uniform differential microstrip lines have the possibility of reducing crosstalk. This paper proposes a T-shaped non-uniform microstrip line, which adds the T-shaped bump on the inner side of the parallel microstrip lines. The microstrip line adopts the minimum batch production process linewidth to maintain high density, which is suitable for occasions where the line spacing is three times the linewidth. The principle of crosstalk mitigation for T-shaped microstrip lines is explained, and the evolution process of T-shaped microstrip lines is given, compared with parallel microstrip lines and tabbed lines with the same density. The simulation resulting in the time domain and frequency domain shows that the transmission performance of the T-shaped microstrip line is good, and crosstalk can be effectively suppressed in a high-frequency band, even better in some specific frequencies due to the crosstalk fluctuation with frequency.
Research on Feature Extraction of Underwater Acoustic Target Radiation Noise Based on Machine Learning Algorithm
Authors: Liu Cong , Han Dong , Zhang Xinyang , Li Ning
Published: November 2023

Underwater acoustic target recognition is a very important technology in the field of underwater acoustics, with great economic and military value. Feature extraction technology for underwater acoustic target radiation noise signals is the key to achieving acoustic target recognition. This study aims at the feature extraction task of acoustic targets and extracts 10 types of 252-dimensional feature vectors from three domains: time domain, frequency domain, and auditory domain. Through 7 machine learning algorithms for classification and recognition experiments, the experimental results show that the recognition performance of the ensemble classifier is much better than that of a single classifier. For different types of features, this study combines three ensemble learning algorithms and feature selection algorithms to select the original 252-dimensional features. The feature selection experiment shows that the wrapper feature selection algorithm has the best effect, and the feature vector dimension can be reduced to 40 dimensions. The recognition accuracy rate is not less than 92.8%, which provides feature extraction guidance for acoustic target recognition based on feature extraction.
Electroencephalography recognition based on encephalic region and temporal sequence transformer
Authors: Sun Mingyang , Su Qiya , Zhao Qing , Liu Chao
Published: November 2023

Stereoscopic vision is the key to good motor control and accurate cognition, and its formation is closely related to brain control. The early methods of measuring stereoscopic vision rely on the subject’s judgment, which might be influenced by inadvertent misjudgments. To solve this problem, we collected the Electroencephalography (EEG) of subjects watching dynamic random dot stereogram for stereogram recognition. To analyze stereogram EEG signals, this paper proposed a transformer-based encephalic region temporal sequence analysis network. Inspired by the concept of brain regions, this network designs an encephalic region Transformer module to capture global spatial features in each brain region and among the whole brain regions. Based on the spatial features of electrodes in different brain regions, the global spatial dependence of all electrodes can be further obtained. Then, the temporal sequence Transformer module is adopted to learn the global temporal EEG features. Finally, we utilize the spatial-temporal multi-scale convolution module to extract advanced spatial and temporal fusion features for recognition. The simulation results on two public EEG datasets illustrate the excellent classification performance of the proposed model, which is better than 9 existing comparison models in EEG recognition.
Research on an underwater image segmentation algorithm based on YOLOv8
Authors: Che Sai , Li Zhongguo , Shi Zhou , Gao Miaowei , Tang Hongchuan
Published: November 2023

Underwater image segmentation faces complex problems such as target type, number, scale, and environmental interference. The traditional segmentation method relies on much manual annotation and expertise, extracts only the surface information of the image, and has low segmentation accuracy and efficiency, so the image segmentation method based on deep learning is chosen. Deep learning algorithms are used on top of the YOLOv8, and the adaptive self-supervised learning (Convnext V2) module, the lightweight network (Slim Neck), and the dynamic sparse attention mechanism (bilevel routing attention, Biformer) are added, which improves the YOLOv8 algorithm for single-stage instance segmentation of different underwater targets. The Convnext V2 module introduces the global response normalization (GRN) unit, which enhances the feature competition and reduces the model computation. A slim neck network is designed, which achieves a double improvement in model inference speed and accuracy by the operation of dense convolution in the lightweight convolution (GSConv) module and the design of a cross-level network structure (VoV-GSCSP). The introduction of Biformer’s dynamic sparse attention mechanism achieves more flexible computational allocation and content awareness. Comparison experiments show that the improved algorithm dramatically increases the segmentation speed while improving the segmentation accuracy. On the dual-target dataset, the mAP is improved by 3.5% from 0.753 to 0.779, and the FPS is improved by 86% from 63 to 117. The experiments validate that the improved algorithm can be used for the segmentation of different underwater images.
Real-time Self-calibration Method of Vehicle Camera Attitude Based on ANN
Authors: Li Ting , Li Meian , Lian Hao , Xue Lixia , Gao Tian , Shi Yanyu
Published: November 2023

The research of the monocular vision ranging method has great research value in the field of intelligent vehicles. Camera calibration is an important step in a monocular vision ranging model. The accuracy of camera calibration directly determines the accuracy of ranging. Because the camera attitude may change during vehicle driving, it will have a certain impact on the accuracy of the ranging algorithm. Therefore, based on a monocular ranging model and focal length calibration method based on geometric transformation, a real-time camera attitude self-calibration method based on the width measurement model and ANN model is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the method takes the wheel width of the known vehicle type as a fixed value, takes the contact points between the two wheels of the front vehicle and the ground as the feature points, and brings them into the width measurement model to form constraints. However, the single formula formed by a single pair of feature points cannot solve the camera inclination of multiple dimensions at the same time, and it is difficult to solve the analytical solution of the complex formula. In this paper, the ANN model is proposed to fit and solve the formula, and a large number of data sets are obtained through experimental point distribution to train and test the model. The results show that the ranging accuracy of using this method to calibrate the camera tilt angle is unchanged compared to the previous measurement accuracy using sensors, meeting the ranging requirements
Development of the ultra-high sensitivity radon monitor based on electrostatic collection method
Authors: Xie Ruomei , Lin Fen , Yi Haibo , Hu Tao , Liu Shuaibin , Yuan Shuai , Fan Zhongkai , Mo Yixiang , Li Huiying , Sun Jiale , Liu Zhipeng , Wu Jiulin , Yuan Hongzhi , Xie Dong , Tan Yanliang
Published: November 2023

The radioactive decay of radon (Rn-222) and its progenies
are significant background sources in an extremely low background
environment, interfering with investigation like detecting dark
matter and observing neutrinos. In this paper, a 1000 L ultra-high
sensitivity radon monitor for China Jinping Underground Laboratory
(CJPL) based on electrostatic collection and Au-Si surface barrier
detector was developed. The monitor is capable of distinguishing
Rn-220 from the energy spectrum and effectively eliminating any
interference caused by Rn-220. At an absolute air humidity of
0.02 g/m3, the scale factor of the monitor is:
17.35 ± 0.88 (counts/day)/(mBq/m3). Moreover, it achieves
a remarkable lower limit of detection of 0.17 mBq/m3 in a
single-day measurement. These findings demonstrate the suitability
of the ultra-high sensitivity radon monitor for diverse scenarios
demanding stringent background requirements.
Evaluation of a pharmacist-managed anemia service in pregnant patients
Authors: Weaver Danielle , Cheung Sunny , deLaunay Andrew , Young Kimberly , Fabian Bonnie , Tieu Christine
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Studies have shown the positive impact pharmacist-managed services have on patient care. However, little information is available on services for pregnant patients. This study contributes to the current literature by providing data on the impact of a pharmacist-managed service on outcomes in pregnant patients with iron-deficiency anemia.

Methods

This was a retrospective, data-only, multicenter study comparing pregnant patients with iron-deficiency anemia managed by a pharmacist (n = 100) to those who received standard care (n = 100). During the study period, patients were 16 years of age or older and pregnant with concurrent iron-deficiency anemia. The percentage of patients with a hemoglobin level above goal (>11.0 g/dL) at delivery, the mean hemoglobin level at delivery, and the type of iron supplementation were compared between the groups.

Results

The percentage of patients with a hemoglobin level of greater than 11.0 g/dL at delivery was 87% for the pharmacist-managed group compared to 71% for the group receiving standard care (P < 0.01). The mean hemoglobin level at delivery was significantly higher in the pharmacist-managed group than in the group receiving standard care, at 12.1 g/dL vs 11.6 g/dL, respectively (P < 0.1). There was no difference between the groups in the percentage of patients receiving blood transfusions (4% vs 3%; P = 0.56). The percentage of patients who received intravenous iron was significantly lower in the pharmacist-managed group than in the group receiving standard care (8% vs 21%; P < 0.01). Most patients in the pharmacist-managed group received oral ferrous sulfate (81%).

Conclusion

This study showed that including pharmacists in the management of pregnant patients with iron-deficiency anemia significantly improved patient hemoglobin levels at delivery.
The Welfare Effects of Mobile Internet Access: Evidence from Roam-Like-at-Home
Authors: Quinn Martin , Godinho de Matos Miguel , Peukert Christian
Published: November 2023

We evaluate the welfare effects of the Roam-like-at-home regulation, which has drastically reduced the price of accessing the mobile Internet for residents of the European Economic Area when travelling abroad in the European Economic Area. Our estimates using individual-level consumption data suggest that consumer surplus increased by around €2.44 per user and travel day. We show that around 40% of the consumer surplus gains originated from a reduction in deadweight loss, that is, new users accessing the mobile Internet. We also highlight that the regulation had a heterogeneous impact on consumers, varying with usage intensity and the reason for travel (business versus leisure).
Prognostic factors, outcomes, and complications for dental autotransplantation: an umbrella review
Authors: Cremona Maria , Bister Dirk , Sherriff Martyn , Abela Stefan
Published: November 2023

Background

Dental autotransplantation (DAT) is a biological way of replacing missing or compromised teeth for patients. The techniques often necessitate a multi-disciplinary approach. The prognosis and success of the procedure may be impacted by variable factors in varying degrees.

Objective

Evaluating outcomes and complications of DAT, including prognostic factors using an umbrella review.

Search methods

Six databases were searched for all relevant systematic reviews published up to 30 June 2022. No restrictions were applied to language or publication date.

Selection criteria

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of DAT studies.

Data collection and analysis

Identification, screening, eligibility, and quality assessment using the AMSTAR 2 tool were performed independently by two authors (M.C. and S.A.). Two studies (20%) scored moderate, six studies (60%) scored low, and two studies (20%) scored critically low. Data were analysed using a random effects meta-analysis, and meta-regression was performed to investigate the effect of open and closed apices on the dependent variables. The results were summarised as relative risk ratios.

Results

A total of 310 studies were eligible for inclusion, of which 20 studies were selected for full-text evaluation. Ten systematic reviews were included, 9 of which had a meta-analysis. Overall findings suggest that DAT offers favourable success and survival rates. Meta-regression results indicate that a closed apex increased the proportion of ankylosis and resorption, reduced survival but had no effect on success during the observational period.

Limitations

A varying degree of heterogeneity and bias was present in all systematic reviews. The samples of donor teeth included in the systematic reviews also varied morphologically.

Conclusions

DAT is a technique-sensitive procedure requiring a multidisciplinary team, vigilant case assessment and thorough consideration of the respective prognostic factors involved. Despite methodological limitations reported across studies, DAT shows favourable success and survival rates, with a distinctive advantage of bone induction and soft tissue thickness preservation, and should, therefore, be considered as a viable treatment modality. Standardisation of clinical guidelines and practice are highly recommended.

Registration

CRD42020202484.
The relationship between sexual dimorphism and androgen response element proliferation in primate genomes
Authors: Anderson Andrew P , Jones Adam
Published: November 2023

In males of many vertebrate species, sexual selection has led to the evolution of sexually dimorphic traits, which are often developmentally controlled by androgen signaling involving androgen response elements (AREs). Evolutionary changes in the number and genomic locations of AREs can modify patterns of receptor regulation and potentially alter gene expression. Here, we use recently sequenced primate genomes to evaluate the hypothesis that the strength of sexual selection is related to the genome-wide number of AREs in a diversifying lineage. In humans, we find a higher incidence of AREs near male-biased genes and androgen-responsive genes when compared with randomly selected genes from the genome. In a set of primates, we find that gains or losses of AREs proximal to genes are correlated with changes in male expression levels and the degree of sex-biased expression of those genes. In a larger set of primates, we find that an increase in one indicator of sexual selection, canine size sexual dimorphism, is correlated with genome-wide ARE counts. Our results suggest that the responsiveness of the genome to androgens in humans and their close relatives has been shaped by sexual selection that arises from competition among males for mating access to females.
Adaptive radiations in natural populations of prokaryotes: innovation is key
Authors: Vos Michiel , Padfield Daniel , Quince Christopher , Vos Rutger
Published: November 2023

Prokaryote diversity makes up most of the tree of life and is crucial to the functioning of the biosphere and human health. However, the patterns and mechanisms of prokaryote diversification have received relatively little attention compared to animals and plants. Adaptive radiation, the rapid diversification of an ancestor species into multiple ecologically divergent species, is a fundamental process by which macrobiological diversity is generated. Here, we discuss whether ecological opportunity could lead to similar bursts of diversification in bacteria. We explore how adaptive radiations in prokaryotes can be kickstarted by horizontally acquired key innovations allowing lineages to invade new niche space that subsequently is partitioned among diversifying specialist descendants. We discuss how novel adaptive zones are colonized and exploited after the evolution of a key innovation and whether certain types of are more prone to adaptive radiation. Radiation into niche specialists does not necessarily lead to speciation in bacteria when barriers to recombination are absent. We propose that in this scenario, niche-specific genes could accumulate within a single lineage, leading to the evolution of an open pangenome.
×Sorbaronia ′Mitschurinii′—an overlooked alien shrub rapidly expands in temperate Scots pine forests
Authors: Jagodziński Andrzej M , Horodecki Paweł , Jasińska Anna K , Maliński Tomasz , Pilarek Zenon , Woźniak Kacper , Wrońska-Pilarek Dorota , Zieliński Jerzy , Dyderski Marcin K
Published: November 2023

Biological invasions are one of the most important threats to biodiversity. However, spread mechanisms have been described in detail only for some widespread taxa. Here, we aim to characterize the unique phenomenon of ×Sorbaronia ′Mitschurinii′ (Rosaceae) spread into temperate Scots pine forests. We assessed the surroundings of an abandoned ×Sorbaronia ′Mitschurinii′ plantation, established in 1986 near Ośno Lubuskie (W Poland). Around the plantation we established 66 study plots in 30 m intervals along eight transects, in a systematic design. Using generalized linear mixed-effects models we analysed how the distance from the propagule source (i.e. abandoned plantation), maximum age of ×Sorbaronia shrubs assessed using dendrochronological techniques, and light availability determined the density and biomass of the studied plant. We found that its mean aboveground biomass in the plantation was 7.22 ± 0.66 Mg ha−1, and decreased with distance from the propagule source: 6.83 Mg ha−1 30 m from the abandoned plantation, 1.38 Mg ha−1 at a distance of 90 m, and 0.11 Mg ha−1 at a distance of 180 m, almost disappearing at further distances (but present at the maximum distance of 450 m). The density and aboveground biomass of ×Sorbaronia ′Mitschurinii′ increased with increasing maximal age of the studied plant and its light availability. The ×Sorbaronia ′Mitschurinii′ plantation acted as a strong propagule source, as it reached a density of 100 ind. 100 m−2 after five years, forming a dense shrub layer, capable of reproducing. We conclude that alien species planted at high density and left with no management control might transform into invasion hotspots under favourable circumstances. The study highlights the importance of scientific awareness of similar cases of overlooked invasion sources, as management to limit their spread is still possible.
Scaling of Protein Function across the Tree of Life
Authors: Gondhalekar Riddhi , Kempes Christopher P , McGlynn Shawn Erin
Published: November 2023

Scaling laws are a powerful way to compare genomes because they put all organisms onto a single curve and reveal nontrivial generalities as genomes change in size. The abundance of functional categories across genomes has previously been found to show power law scaling with respect to the total number of functional categories, suggesting that universal constraints shape genomic category abundance. Here, we look across the tree of life to understand how genome evolution may be related to functional scaling. We revisit previous observations of functional genome scaling with an expanded taxonomy by analyzing 3,726 bacterial, 220 archaeal, and 79 unicellular eukaryotic genomes. We find that for some functional classes, scaling is best described by multiple exponents, revealing previously unobserved shifts in scaling as genome-encoded protein annotations increase or decrease. Furthermore, we find that scaling varies between phyletic groups at both the domain and phyla levels and is less universal than previously thought. This variability in functional scaling is not related to taxonomic phylogeny resolved at the phyla level, suggesting that differences in cell plan or physiology outweigh broad patterns of taxonomic evolution. Since genomes are maintained and replicated by the functional proteins encoded by them, these results point to functional degeneracy between taxonomic groups and unique evolutionary trajectories toward these. We also find that individual phyla frequently span scaling exponents of functional classes, revealing that individual clades can move across scaling exponents. Together, our results reveal unique shifts in functions across the tree of life and highlight that as genomes grow or shrink, proteins of various functions may be added or lost.
The “Seven Deadly Sins” of Neophobia Experimental Design
Authors: Kimball Melanie G , Lattin Christine R
Published: November 2023

Neophobia, an aversive response to novelty, is a behavior with critical ecological and evolutionary relevance for wild populations because it directly influences animals’ ability to adapt to new environments and exploit novel resources. Neophobia has been described in a wide variety of different animal species from arachnids to zebra finches. Because of this widespread prevalence and ecological importance, the number of neophobia studies has continued to increase over time. However, many neophobia studies (as well as many animal behavior studies more generally) suffer from one or more of what we have deemed the “seven deadly sins” of neophobia experimental design. These “sins” include: (1) animals that are not habituated to the testing environment, (2) problems with novel stimulus selection, (3) non-standardized motivation, (4) pseudoreplication, (5) lack of sufficient controls, (6) fixed treatment order, and (7) using arbitrary thresholds for data analysis. We discuss each of these potential issues in turn and make recommendations for how to avoid them in future behavior research. More consistency in how neophobia studies are designed would facilitate comparisons across different populations and species and allow researchers to better understand whether neophobia can help explain animals’ responses to human-altered landscapes and the ability to survive in the Anthropocene.
Irreducible Components of the Moduli Space of Langlands Parameters
Authors: Shotton Jack
Published: November 2023

Let $F/\mathbb{Q}_{p}$ be finite, $G$ be an $L$-group, and let $\mathfrak{X}_{G}$ be the moduli space of Langlands parameters $W_{F} \to G$, in characteristic distinct from $p$. First, we determine the irreducible components of ${\mathfrak{X}}_{G}$. Then, we determine the local structure around tamely ramified points for which the image of inertia is regular. This local structure is related to the endomorphism rings of Gelfand–Graev representations, by work of Li. Lastly, we determine an open dense set in ${\mathfrak{X}}_{M}$, when $M$ is a Levi subgroup of $G$, such that the natural map of moduli stacks $[{\mathfrak{X}}_{M}/M^{\circ }] \to [{\mathfrak{X}}_{G}/G^{\circ }]$ is smooth on this set.
The Affine Cones Over Fano–Mukai Fourfolds of Genus 7 Are Flexible
Authors: Thi Anh Hang Nguyen , Le Truong Hoang
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we will show that the affine cones over any smooth Fano–Mukai fourfold of genus $7$ are flexible.
Poisson Structures With Compact Support
Authors: Cavalcanti Gil R , Mărcuț Ioan
Published: November 2023

We construct several Poisson structures with compact support. For example, we show that any Poisson structure on ${\mathbb{R}}^{n}$ with polynomial coefficients of degree at most two can be modified outside an open ball, such that it becomes compactly supported. We also show that a symplectic manifold with either contact or cosymplectic boundary admits a Poisson structure that vanishes to infinite order at the boundary and agrees with the original symplectic structure outside an arbitrarily small tubular neighbourhood of the boundary. As a consequence, we prove that any even-dimensional manifold admits a Poisson structure that is symplectic outside a codimension one subset.
A Short Proof of Allard’s and Brakke’s Regularity Theorems
Authors: De Philippis Guido , Gasparetto Carlo , Schulze Felix
Published: November 2023

We give new short proofs of Allard’s regularity theorem for varifolds with bounded first variation and Brakke’s regularity theorem for integral Brakke flows with bounded forcing. They are based on a decay of flatness, following from weighted versions of the respective monotonicity formulas, together with a characterization of non-homogeneous blow-ups using the viscosity approach introduced by Savin.
Evaluating the efficacy and safety of tumor treating fields versus laser interstitial thermal therapy in glioblastoma treatment: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Emhemed Marwa SaedAli , Murhega Roméo Bujiriri , Stanley Asogwa Chukwuebuka , Mugenyi Nathan , Ayantayo Temitayo , Mustapha Mubarak Jolayemi , Adrien Tangmi Djabo Eric , Dossou Mèhomè Wilfried , Ibekwe Jonas Lotanna , Bankole Nourou Dine Adeniran , Kyaruzi Victor Meza
Published: November 2023

Tumor Treating Field (TTF) is considered a new treatment option for glioblastoma. Studies in newly diagnosed GBM (ndGBM) patients have demonstrated a good safety profile and improved efficacy. On the other hand, Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy (LITT) is a minimally invasive method for treating intracranial tumors that are challenging to treat using conventional techniques. Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy, a minimally invasive method, is the most indicated treatment technique. Its safety and effectiveness, however, have not been thoroughly substantiated in the literature. To create an accurate understanding of which therapy yields better outcomes to glioblastoma patients regarding safety and efficacy, we decided to run a systematic review and meta-analysis on their comparative safety and therapeutic effects in the treatment of glioblastoma. We used standard and extensive Cochrane search methods. The latest search date was June 2nd, 2023. The study period goes from inception to date. We included Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) or quasi-RCT and all human-based observational studies assessing the comparative safety and therapeutic outcomes of tumor treating fields to laser interstitial thermal therapy in treating glioblastoma patients. We did not include case reports, abstract-only titles, letters to the editor, conference proceedings, articles with missing data, articles in other languages, and those reporting animal studies. Our study compares Tumor Treating Fields' safety and therapeutic effects on Laser Interstitial Thermal therapy in treating glioblastoma.
The expert witness—psychologists and judicial gatekeepers in the family court
Authors: Schindeler Emily
Published: November 2023

Since the 17th-century witch trials, the expert witness has been an intrinsic part of the operation of the legal system. This article builds on a prior analysis of Australian family law cases involving allegations of child sex abuse, which revealed experts representing multiple agencies and disciplinary perspectives present conflicting risk assessments for the same case. This second stage of inductive research examined Family Court appeal cases involving psychologists as an expert witness in child custody disputes. It uncovered risks arising from the way in which determinative weight is ascribed by judges to such testimony and a lack of processes for identifying potential disciplinary or professional biases. This has led to a core finding that there is a need for more explicit agreement as to what counts as specialist knowledge, particularly in matters lacking intra-disciplinary consensus and how it is achieved. Equally, there is a need for enforcing compliance with existing Rules that require making clear the methods or practices, relevant facts, matters, and assumptions employed in forming opinions as well as acknowledging alternative opinions that may be relevant. This will support judicial practice associated with determining the reliability and weight ascribed to such advice. Many of the concerns raised here are relevant to other issues the family court considers and relies upon claims of expert knowledge.
Module 3: Identifying and Understanding your Emotions after Covid-19
Authors: Jaywant Abhishek , Oberlin Lauren E. , Cherestal Stephanie , Bueno Castellano Christina , Wilkins Victoria M. , Kanellopoulos Dora
Published: November 2023

This chapter provides a framework for helping clients become aware of and identify their emotions in the context of persisting symptoms of COVID-19. It highlights how COVID-19 contributes to emotional distress alongside the persisting symptoms. By identifying and labeling their emotions, clients can learn how to self-validate their emotional responses to COVID-19-related illness and its sequelae. Administering self-report symptom questionnaires at the beginning of the session can help the therapist track the client’s symptoms of depression and anxiety. This module will require one or two sessions, depending on how readily clients understand the psychoeducation on emotions. Therapists must remind clients about the importance of at-home practice.
Creolization/Créolité
Authors: Tate Shirley Anne
Published: November 2023

“Creole”/“criollo” emerged within European colonialism in the Caribbean, Latin America, the southeastern United States (and Alaska), island groups off the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of Africa, mainland regions on that continent (including Sierra Leone, Equatorial Guinea, Angola, and Mozambique), in the former Portuguese/Dutch colonies in South Asia and French colonies in the Indian Ocean to refer to peoples, languages, and cultures. Criollo connoted European-descent indigenization, which was taken into its English/French translations in the second half of the seventeenth century to refer to “New World”–born Europeans and Africans. By the early twentieth century, criollo signified the elite descendants of white Spanish colonizers, and cultural mixing was inscribed in the power asymmetries of the criollo-controlled economies of Latin America and the Hispanic Caribbean. Creolization has been related to processes of transformation produced by colonial rule, enslavement and racial capitalism, and processes/products of global cultural mixing. In the Caribbean, creolization was necessary to survive racial oppression, imperialism, and brutality within the enforced cultural contact between Indigenous, African, and European populations—Stuart Hall’s présence américaine, présence africaine, and présence européenne. The attempted genocide of the Indigenous population, the barbaric intimacies of European-owned plantation economies, African enslavement, marroonage, and subsistence farming, created transcultural contact zones. Here, as well as “racial mixing,” new cultural and social formations were linked to anti-enslavement and independence struggles in Anglophone Caribbean plantation societies, Haiti’s revolution, and French Antillean transformation by the African descent population. The decolonial contribution of Caribbean intellectuals conceptualizes creolization beyond métisage, the mechanical act of cultural mixing. Creolization is Glissant’s “unforeseeable” (l’inattendue) outcome of the racialized living apart together that goes beyond racial coding to break the established normative order of the governance of diversity. This challenges Western notions of identity and belonging that reproduce the White Self/Inferior Other in post/colonial contexts. Patrick Chamoiseau, Rafaël Confiant, and Jean Bernabé developed creolité (creoleness) in Éloge de la Créolité (In Praise of Creoleness), to think creoleness. Drawing on Aimé Césaire and Édouard Glissant, creolité locates the specificity of Caribbean people, who were not Europeans, Africans, or Asians, but Creoles. This diversity went beyond Negritude by creating a space for what Glissant calls a “poetics of relation” and an “analytics of transversality.” For Maryse Condé, creolité does not take into account other historical creoles, such as those to be found on the West African coast, but is specific to the French Caribbean.
Antonio Gramsci
Authors: Kar Debamitra , Basu Shinjini
Published: November 2023

Born on 22 January 1891 at Ales in the province of Cagliari, Sardinia, Antonia Gramsci was the fourth son of Francesco Gramsci, a clerk in the local registrar’s office at Ghilarza, and Giuseppina Marcias. His childhood was fraught with financial difficulties and he suffered from ill health and physical deformity. After completing his elementary education, in 1911, he won a scholarship from Turin University. At Turin, he came into contact with the Socialist Party and started writing for political papers like Il Grido del Popolo (The People’s Cry) and Avanti!. He soon rose to political prominence and in 1917 was elected to the Provisional Committee of the Socialist Party. On 1 May 1919, he along with Tasca, Terracini, and Togliatti, founded Ordine Nuovo (New Order), an organ of the Turin Communists. When the Italian Communist Party (PCI) was formed in 1921, Gramsci was elected to the central committee and the following year participated in the Second Communist International. While he was in Moscow, Mussolini’s Fascist Party seized power on 28 October 1922, and soon a warrant of his arrest was issued. Gramsci was entrusted by the party to maintain contacts between the PCI and the European Communist parties. He was elected deputy in the Veneto constituency and he returned to Italy as the leader of the PCI. In 1925, he participated in the fifth session of the Executive in Moscow and in 1926 he took part in the third congress of the PCI held at Lyons. His “Lyon’s Thesis,” which he wrote with Togliatti, and “Some Aspects of the Southern Question,” received critical acclaim. He became the Secretary General of the party. On 8 November 1926, despite his parliamentary immunity, he was arrested and after his trial by a special court in 1928, he was sentenced to twenty years, four months and five days in prison and was sent to a special prison in Turi. After many appeals, he could finally start writing from 1929. His health soon deteriorated and his sentence was reduced to twelve years and four months. His intellectual activities continued in prison but in 1933 he had his second serious health crisis. He was transferred to a clinic at Formia but his condition did not improve and further appeal for conditional freedom was made. He was taken to a private clinic in Fiesole and then to Rome. On 27 April 1937 he died of a cerebral hemorrhage. His remains lie at the Protestant cemetery in Rome.
Juana the Mad/Juana, Queen of Castile
Authors: Aram Bethany
Published: November 2023

The second daughter and third offspring of the Catholic Monarchs, Isabel of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon, Juana I, entered the world in Toledo in 1479. Raised in her parents’ itinerant court, she received early Latin instruction from fray Andrés de Miranda, from the Dominican monastery of San Pablo of Burgos. In 1495, Juana’s parents married her to the Duke of Burgundy, Philip, as part of a double alliance that also joined her brother, Juan, heir to their realms, to Philip’s sister, Margaret. Juana sailed to the Low Countries with an important escort, much of which returned to Castile with Margaret, in 1496. The assignment of Juana’s dowry in her husband’s lands gave Philip and his councilors effective control of her household after their marriage in Lier. As duchess of Burgundy and archduchess of Austria, Juana performed a series of entries into her husband’s cities and towns, before giving birth to a daughter, Leonor, in 1498, and a son, Charles, in 1500. The successive deaths of Juana’s brother, older sister, and sister’s son made the archduchess of Austria heir to her parents’ kingdoms by 1501. However, another pregnancy and the birth of a daughter, Isabel, delayed her departure for Castile, where the representatives of the cities and towns would confirm her succession to the throne and Philip’s position as prince consort. Hastening back to his realms through France, Philip left Juana, pregnant again, in Castile. After giving birth to a second son, Ferdinand, Juana upset her mother by rejoining Philip in the Low Countries. Queen Isabel’s death in 1504 made Juana her lawful successor. After the birth of another daughter, María, Juana and Philip departed for Castile by sea, with an accidental stop in England, in order to claim Juana’s inheritance. Unsuccessfully, Juana sought a reunion with her father who, instead, pacted with Philip and left Castile. Philip then attempted to isolate Juana and to rule without her, although the representative assembly of Castile and Leon refused to sanction the queen’s confinement. Philip’s death in September 1506 enabled Juana to flee the court and to revoke his grants and appointments before giving birth to her last child, Catalina. Upon returning to Castile in 1507, King Ferdinand resumed the regency in Juana’s name, and, by 1509, he persuaded her to settle in the town of Tordesillas, in a place contiguous to its Royal Monastery of Saint Clare. Following Ferdinand’s death in 1516, the advisors of Juana’s son, Charles, declared him king. In 1520 the queen received the captains of the Comunero rebellion against Habsburg rule and the “Holy Assembly” they represented, yet she refused to sanction measures against her son. Juana also received visits from members of her family and their representatives in Tordesillas, with a brief absence due to plague in 1534, until her death in April 1555.