bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GRÃOS ARDIDOS EM MILHO: UMA REVISÃO
Authors: Chaves Neto José Roberto , Boscaini Ricardo
Published: August 2019

O milho é um dos mais importantes alimentos, sendo considerado um dos cereais mais cultivados no mundo. É notório nos últimos anos nesta cultura o surgimento de diversas doenças, o que tem gerado perdas de qualidade e produtividade desses grãos. A podridão de espiga é uma das principais doenças, que por consequência ocasiona os chamados grãos ardidos, além disso, alguns dos fungos causadores podem sintetizar micotoxinas que contaminam os grãos. Desse modo, o objetivo desta revisão de literatura é destacar as principais causas do aumento na incidência de grãos ardidos na cultura do milho (Zea mays L.) e sua relação com as diferentes formas de manejos, dentre elas aplicação de fungicidas, utilização e seleção de híbridos resistentes e o emprego da irrigação, tendo como base informações e dados derivados de artigos publicados em revistas científicas selecionados e relacionados com o tema. Os resultados deste estudo mostram que a aplicação excessiva de fungicidas, associado ao plantio direto e monocultivo, assim como o uso inadequado da irrigação desempenham um papel considerável no aumento da incidência e severenidade de doenças na cultura do milho, dentre elas a podridão da espiga e a incidência de grãos ardidos.
AVALIAÇÃO QUÍMICA DE SUBSTRATOS ORGÂNICOS ARMAZENADOS E SUA EFICIÊNCIA NA PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE ALFACE
Authors: De Sousa Antunes Luiz Fernando , Galvão da Siva Dione , Fernandes Correia Maria Elizabeth , De Almeida Leal Marco Antonio
Published: August 2019

O sucesso na produção de mudas é dependente de uma série de fatores, dentre eles a escolha de um substrato de qualidade. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar as propriedades químicas dos substratos gerados pela atividade de gongolos armazenados pelo período de três meses e posteriormente a eficiência destes substratos na produção de mudas de alface. Os tratamentos avaliados foram os substratos: S1-Gongocomposto de 90 dias; S2-Gongocomposto de 125 dias; S3-Gongocomposto de 180 dias e S4-SIPA, tido como controle. Os valores de pH, condutividade elétrica, macronutrientes e frações de nitrogênio orgânico, nítrico e amoniacal dos substratos foram caracterizados antes e após o armazenamento. A semeadura da alface foi feita em bandejas de 200 células e o delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições, sendo cada repetição constituída por oito plantas. Aos 25 dias após a semeadura avaliou-se os parâmetros de massas fresca e seca de parte aérea, massas fresca e seca de raízes, número de folhas, altura das plantas, estabilidade do torrão e vigor de muda. O armazenamento dos substratos pelo período de três meses proporcionou alterações nos valores de pH, condutividade elétrica e teores de macronutrientes. O substrato S4 seguido pelo substrato S2, foram os que proporcionaram melhor desenvolvimento das mudas de alface.
VIRULENCE OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODE TO PUPAE AND ADULTS OF Drosophila suzukii IN LABORATORY
Authors: Brida Andressa Lima de , Wilcken Silvia Renata Siciliano , Garrigós Leite Luis , Mello Garcia Flávio Roberto
Published: August 2019

Drosophila suzukii is considered one of the most important pests of fruit farming. Due to its rapid expansion, control alternatives of this fly should be investigated. The use of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) represents an important tool in the control. This study aimed to evaluate the virulence of EPNs isolates in pupae and the repercussion in adults of D. suzukii in laboratory. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with five treatments and five replicates. Each plot consisted of a Petri dish lined with two sheets of filter paper. The isolates Heterorhabditis amazonensis IBCBn 24, Heterorhabditis indica IBCBn 05, Steinernema carpocapsae IBCBn 02 and Steinernema feltiae IBCBn 47 were inoculated into 2 mL at the concentration of 1,000 infective juveniles IJs/mL. The control treatment consisted of 2 mL distilled water. After inoculation, five pupae of D. suzukii were placed in the Petri dishes, which were then sealed and stored in a BOD climate chamber at 26 ± 1ºC, 70 ± 10% RH in the dark. Assessments were performed daily until the emergence of adults. Dead pupae and adults were dissected for the observation and quantification of IJs. The isolates, H. indica IBCBn 05, H. amazonensis IBCBn 24, S. carpocapsae IBCBn 02 and S. feltiae IBCBn 47, infected and made unviable 35.0, 16.0, 13.0 and 43.0% in pupae and 47.0, 80.0, 84.0 and 57.0 % in adults of D. suzukii. H. indica IBCBn 05 obtained the highest number of IJs produced in pupae and adults, 35.0 and 125.0.
PRODUÇÃO DE FRUTOS PARTENOCÁRPICOS DE ABÓBORA HÍBRIDA “TETSUKABUTO” SOB APLICAÇÃO DE 2,4-D
Authors: Nomura Mirian , Franco Henrique Pereira , Costa Estevam Matheus , Nunes Bruno De Moraes , Rocha Eleusa Maria Ferreira
Published: August 2019

Tetsukabuto é um híbrido interespecífico, resultado do cruzamento entre linhagens de Cucurbita máxima e C. moschata e devido à esterilidade da flor masculina, é necessária a utilização de outra espécie para a polinização. Outra forma de se obter a frutificação é através do uso de fitohormônios, produzindo frutos partenocárpicos. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a produção de frutos de “Tetsukabuto” com o uso de diferentes dosagens de 2,4-D aplicadas nas flores femininas. O trabalho foi desenvolvido na Universidade do Estado de Minas Geraisentre março e julho de 2016. Os tratamentos consistiram de diferentes dosagens de 2,4-D: T1 – 0 mg.L-1; T2 – 67 mg.L-1; T3 – 134 mg.L-1; T4 – 167 mg.L-1; T5 – 200 mg.L-1. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, sendo seis plantas por parcela. As dosagens do produto foram aplicadas no interior das flores femininas logo após usa abertura. Avaliou-se, a quantidade de flores que produziram frutos, o peso dos frutos maduros e seu diâmetro longitudinal, os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F e as médias dos tratamentos foram ajustadas às equações de regressão. A concentração de 140 mg.L-1 de 2,4-D foi a mais eficaz na produção de frutos partenocárpicos de Tetsukabuto.
EFEITO DA ADUBAÇÃO FOSFATADA EM CULTIVARES DE CAPIM-ELEFANTE DURANTE A FASE DE ESTABELECIMENTO
Authors: Santos Rodrigo Da Silva , Emerenciano Neto João Virgínio , Miranda Carlos Victor De Castro , Difante Gelson Dos Santos , Lista Fábio Nunes , Bonfim Breno Ramon De Souza , Bezerra Jessica Daisy do Vale , Barbosa Luciana Dantas
Published: August 2019

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento inicial de cultivares de capim-elefante submetidas à adubação fosfatada. Utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com os tratamentos em arranjo fatorial 2 x 3, correspondendo à aplicação de superfosfato simples (0 e 30 kg/ha de P2O5) e às três cultivares de capim-elefante (Mott, Roxo e Napier), com três repetições. Não houve interação (P>0,05) entre a adubação fosfatada e as cultivares. A adubação fosfatada não influenciou (P>0,05) no desenvolvimento das plantas. As cultivares diferiram (P<0,05) quanto à altura da planta, diâmetro do colmo, número de folhas vivas, massa seca da parte aérea, porcentagem de folha, porcentagem de colmo e relação folha/colmo e não diferiram (P>0,05) quanto à massa fresca e massa seca da raiz. As cvs. Roxo e Napier foram mais produtivas que a cv. Mott, porém esta apresentou maior proporção de folhas em relação às demais.
EFICIÊNCIA PRODUTIVA DE VACAS LEITEIRAS PRIMÍPARAS E MULTIPARAS-UMA REVISÃO
Authors: Rosa Patricia Pinto da , Padilha Nunes Luiza , Garavaglia Chesini Rodrigo , Nunes Pozada Tierri , Freitas Silva Gabriel , Da Silva Camacho Juliana , Ramos Faria Matheus , Nessy Mota Gilliany , Tavares Costa Pablo
Published: August 2019

A baixa produtividade de leite, altos custos de produção e poucos investimentos em tecnologias, são algumas das dificuldades enfrentadas pelo setor leiteiro. A produção de leite varia com a idade da vaca e o número de partos, sendo que vacas de primeira cria e lactação(primíparas) ainda estão em fase de crescimento corporal e desenvolvimento da glândula mamária e, portanto, teriam menor capacidade produtiva quando comparadas com vacas de duas ou mais crias (multíparas). A formação de lotes é ferramenta essencial dentro da propriedade leiteira, pois vacas primíparas conseguem expressar melhor sua eficiência produtiva quando separadas de multíparas. As multíparas apresentam pico de lactação e produção de leite maior, mas com menor persistência de lactação, quando comparadas com primíparas. A utilização da curva de lactação de primíparas e multíparas, auxilia o produtor a identificar quedas na produção de leite, fazer ajustes na dieta dos lotes, identificando animais superiores, melhorando o desempenho de produção leiteira da propriedade, minimizando os custos. objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar, através de uma revisão bibliográfica, a eficiência produtiva de vacas leiteiras de primeira cria (primíparas) e de mais de uma cria (multíparas) em sistemas de produção de leite.
IMPLANTAÇÃO DE PASTAGENS PELO MÉTODO VEGETATIVO
Authors: Peres Farias Pâmela , Lauz Ferreira Otoniel Geter , Timm de Oliveira Allan Patrick , Bahr Kröning Alexsandro , Tavares Costa Pablo , Pinto da Rosa Patrícia
Published: August 2019

Tendo em vista que o Brasil se encontra no ranking mundial como sendo segundo maior produtor de carne bovina, e se apresenta como um dos maiores produtores de leite. O uso de plantas forrageiras é a principal fonte de alimento para ruminantes, além de ser a forma mais eficiente e econômica para os sistema de produção. O desempenho animal é caracterizado principalmente pela disponibilidade de forrageiras no ambiente, associado a isso e com a ideia de otimizar a utilização das áreas empregadas a esses tipos de produção, a utilização de forrageiras perenes tem se destacado na alimentação animal por ocupar os chamados vazios forrageiros na Região Sul. Embora a multiplicação vegetativa seja muito utilizada na propagação de espécies forrageiras perenes ainda há a necessidade de buscar trabalhos que facilitem o entendimento dos mecanismos de propagação e implantação das mesma. Essa revisão tem por objetivo aumentar o conhecimento bem como descrever procedimentos básicos para a multiplicação vegetativa de espécies forrageiras perenes de verão. Palavras-chave: mudas; Arachis pintoi; Cynodon dactylon; forrageiras
USO DE DIFERENTES TRATAMENTOS DE BIOESTIMULANTE VEGETAL NA CULTURA DA SOJA
Authors: Ecco Martios , Morais Wilson Gabriel , Reuter Robles José , Pottker Volnei Luiz , Lenhardt Vanderlei Luiz , Vanzella Tiago
Published: August 2019

A utilização de produtos promotores de crescimento vegetal como estimulantes vem se acentuando devido à busca incessante de maiores índices produtivos e qualitativos. Com o objetivo de avaliar a influência de um bioestimulante nos componentes de produção da cultura da soja, foi realizado este experimento em São José das Palmeiras – PR, cujo o delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos; T1= 0 mL ha-1 (Testemunha); T2 = 200 mL ha-1; T3 = 400 mL ha-1; T4 = 600 mL ha-1 ; T5 = 800 mL ha-1 de Stimulate®, com 4 repetições. As variáveis, comprimento da raiz primária, diâmetro de colmo, altura da parte aérea, número de vagens por planta, massa de mil grãos e produtividade, todas tiveram diferença significativa estatisticamente no nível de 5% de teste de F, sendo posteriormente submetidas a análise de regressão. Foi possível verificar que as doses recomendadas pelo fabricante são satisfatórias para a maioria das variáveis produtivas, onde que em altas dosagens podem interferir negativamente o comprimento da raiz principal e até mesma a produtividade. Já para as demais variáveis citadas acima, conforme foi aumentado as doses, houve uma resposta linear crescente até a dosagem de 800 mL há-1.
SISTEMAS SILVIPASTORIS: UMA ABORDAGEM ENTRE A INTERAÇÃO DOS COMPONETES BIÓTIPOS E ABIÓTIPOS
Authors: De Almeida Emizael Menezes , De Almeida Roberto Giolo , Miyagi Eliane Sayuri , De Freitas Paulo Vitor Divino Xavier , Ribeiro Fagner Machado , Fernandes Patrick Bezerra , Garcia Emilia Da Costa
Published: August 2019

Os sistemas silvipastoris é uma modalidade dos sistemas agroflorestais, onde a produção animal, forrageira e árborea encontra-se em consórcio na mesma área, no mesmo tempo. A maior parte da produção da pecuária bovina no Brasil baseia-se na utilização de pastagens. No Brasil, há mais de 100 milhões de hectares com pastagens cultivadas, cerca de 80% dessas pastagens encontram-se em algum grau de degradação. Uma alternativa para a recuperação dessas pastagens de forma sustentável e o uso de sistemas silvipastoris. Entretanto os sistemas sombreados são muito dinâmicos e podem modificar a estrutura do pasto de forma significativa quanto a quantidade e a qualidade da forrageira produzida com reflexos na produção animal,  principalmente em razão da competição por luz, água e nutrientes.
ARROZ INTEGRAL E COMPLEXO ENZIMÁTICO NA DIETA DE CODORNAS JAPONESAS
Authors: Da Silva Suelen Nunes , De Castro Martha Lopes Schuch , Gomes Bruna Cristina Kuhn , Bavaresco Caroline , Dias Renata Cedres , Roll Aline Arassiana Piccini , Lopes Débora Cristina Nichelle , Roll Victor Fernando Büttow , Rutz Fernando , Schafhäuser Junior Jorge , Xavier Eduardo Gonçalves
Published: August 2019

Realizou-se um experimento para verificar o efeito da inclusão de arroz integral (AI) e complexo enzimático (CE), on top, na dieta de codornas de postura. Utilizou-se 240 aves. Os tratamentos foram: T1: dieta basal 0% AI (controle); T2: 25% AI; T3: 50% AI; T4: 75% AI; T5: 100% AI; T6: TC + CE; T7: T2 + CE; T8: T3 + CE; T9: T4 + CE; e T10: T5 + CE. Avaliou-se a produção e o peso médio dos ovos (PMO), a massa de ovos (MO), a conversão por massa de ovos (CMO),a conversão por dúzia de ovos (CDO) e a qualidade interna e externa dos ovos. Os resultados demonstraram diminuição linear de PMO e comportamento quadrático decrescente na produção, na MO e na CMO com o uso do CE. A CDO, quando não usado CE, piorou. Observou-se comportamento linear decrescente da pigmentação das gemas conforme aumentaram os níveis de AI, tanto com CE quanto sem CE. Para as demais características de qualidade, não houve efeito significativo. O AI descascado e não-polido pode ser utilizado na dieta de codornas japonesas em nível de até 25% sem a necessidade de adição de pigmentantes e o uso de complexo enzimático.
PROPRIEDADES FÍSICAS INDICADORAS DA QUALIDADE DO SOLO SOB SISTEMAS DE MANEJO - ALTA FLORESTA
Authors: Burgrever Juliano Cassio , De Freitas Felipe Fernandes , Fistarol Thainara Aparecida Ferrari , De Araújo Fábio Bezerra , Seben Júnior Getúlio De Freitas
Published: August 2019

A avaliação dos atributos físicos do solo é importante para o entendimento dos impactos da produtividade agropecuária. Neste contexto, este estudo objetivou avaliar as propriedades físicas do solo sob pastagem (PA), mata nativa (MN) e reflorestamento (RF). Amostras de solo foram coletadas na camada de 0,0 – 0,10 m de profundidade, para a determinação da densidade do solo (DS), densidade de partículas (DP), porosidade total (PT), macro (MA) e microporosidade (MI) e índice de estabilidade de agregados em água (IEA). Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância (Teste F) e, quando significativos, as médias foram comparadas pelo teste Tukey (α = 0,05). A PA proporcionou ao solo os maiores valores de DS, os menores valores de PT e a MA e não diferiu quanto ao IEA, em comparação ao solo sob MN. A MI não foi afetada pelos sistemas de uso. Verificou-se que a falta de manejo das pastagens resulta na degradação da qualidade física do solo.
ANALISIS KONDISI KESENJANGAN EKONOMI DAERAH : STUDI KASUS KABUPATEN/KOTA DI SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Iskandar Azwar , Saragih Rahmaluddin
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur dan menganalisis secara empiris kesenjangan ekonomi antarwilayah di kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari rilis publikasi Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) yang terdiri dari data time series tahunan periode 2011-2015 dan metode analisis kuantitatif pengukuran kesenjangan ekonomi, yaitu (1) Model Indeks Williamson, (2) Model Klassen Typology dan (3) Model Indeks Theil. Hasil penelitian ini secara empiris menemukan bahwa tingkat kesenjangan ekonomi di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan yang ditunjukan dengan nilai Indeks Wiliamson pada kurun waktu 2011-2015 memiliki kecenderungan menurun dengan kategori sedang dengan nilai rata-rata selama 5 tahun sebesar 0,64. Ketimpangan wilayah yang diukur dengan Indeks Theil, menunjukan kesenjangan antar wilayah di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan berfluktuasi. Jika didekomposisi, tingkat kesenjangan antarwilayah lebih besar diakibatkan oleh besarnya kontribusi ketimpangan yang terjadi internal kabupaten/kota dibandingkan ketimpangan dalam provinsi (antarkabupaten/kota). Berdasarkan Tipologi Klassen, masih banyak daerah di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan yang berada pada kuadran III dan IV, yaitu kabupaten/kota yang tergolong maju tapi tertekan dan relatif tertinggal (37,50%). Hipotesis “U” terbalik dari Kuznets cenderung berlaku pada kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan, sehingga hasil pertumbuhan ekonomi yang tinggi ini dapat dirasakan oleh keseluruhan masyarakat yang ada di Propinsi Sulawesi Selatan dalam jangka panjang.
ANALISIS PENYELENGGARAAN JAMINAN PENSIUN HARAPAN DAN TANTANGAN IMPLEMENTASI PP NO. 45 TAHUN 2015
Authors: Galela Muhammad Ridhwan
Published: August 2019

In addition to mandated in the Constitution of 1945, the pension insurance program for all citizens is a necessity given Indonesian demographic projections that show significant change in the structure of the population of Indonesia. Demographic projections show that the dependency ratio is higher due to increasing in life expectancy and decreasing in fertility of women. Anticipating these conditions, Indonesian government implemented a national pension insurance program by issuing PP 45/2015. However, there are some problems in the implementation of the program. Problem related to national budget is the emergence of fiscal risks due to an imbalance of the amount of funds derived from contributions to the pension benefit payment liabilities. From the operational side, the concern arises from the ability of fund managers in implementing good corporate governance and their ability to provide adequate information technology infrastructure. Besides, informal sector workers and women should receive more attention in the pension insurance program.
Short Communication Evoluation.docx
Authors: Shibli Naveed
Published: August 2019

Human past is
important for the success of human survivorship and could be guiding for
betterment suggestions for present. Some relevant questions and possible
suggestions generated and discussed.
Distinguishability of non-orthogonal density matrices does not imply violations of the second law
Authors: Porta Mana PierGianLuca
Published: August 2019

The hypothetical possibility of distinguishing preparations described by non-orthogonal density matrices does not necessarily imply a violation of the second law of thermodynamics, as was instead stated by von Neumann. On the other hand, such a possibility would surely mean that the particular density-matrix space (and related Hilbert space) adopted would not be adequate to describe the hypothetical new experimental facts. These points are shown by making clear the distinction between physical preparations and the density matrices which represent them, and then comparing a "quantum" thermodynamic analysis given by Peres with a "classical" one given by Jaynes.
Factors affecting morbidity and mortality of perinatal dairy calves
Authors: Bhakat Champak
Published: August 2019

Research article contains in depth study of following key aspects viz: Factors affecting morbidity and mortality of perinatal dairy calves
Correlation between Symptom Severity and Objective Parameters in Elderly Men with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms
Authors: Bhomi Krishna Kaji , Joshi B.R.
Published: August 2019

Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are mostly due to benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) in the elderly men. The severity of LUTS associated with BPH is measured with the international prostate symptom score (IPSS). Objective indicators of the disease severity in BPH are prostate volume, post void residual urine volume (PVRU), uroflowmetry values etc. However the correlation between the severity of subjective symptoms and objective parameters remains unclear. We designed this study to see if there actually is a correlation between the subjective symptoms and the objective parameters in evaluation of LUTS. Elderly male patients presenting with LUTS in the Urology OPD over a period of 10 months are enrolled in this study. These patients are asked to fill the IPSS with assistance if necessary from medical person. Prostate volume and PVRU are measured with trans-abdominal ultrasonography. Uroflowmetry evaluations are done to record maximum flow rate (Qmax) and average flow rate (Qave). Correlation of IPSS with age, prostate volume, PVRU and uroflowmetry parameters is evaluated using correlation regression analysis. Our results revealed significant positive correlation of IPSS with prostate volume and PVRU. Similarly there is significant negative correlation of IPSS with Qmax and Qave. Hence this study concluded that there is significant correlation between symptom severity and objective parameters in elderly patients with LUTS.
Axial crushing behavior of circular aluminum tubes
Authors: Yalçın Muhammet M. , Mete Osman H. , Genel Kenan
Published: August 2019

The axial crushing behavior and energy absorption ability of metallic tubes are areas in which a large number of academic studies have been undertaken. In this study, the basic steps in the progressive folding behavior of circular-sectioned aluminum tubes under axial loading, changes in tube geometry after deformation and the ability to absorb energy were investigated both experimentally and by the finite element method. The deformation behavior of an aluminum tube wall, derived from finite element analysis was validated by experimental results with a degree of accuracy reaching 99 %. In addition, absorbed energy values approached the experimental results by approximately 93 %. As a result, the folding behavior of aluminum tubes under axial loading was successfully investigated using the finite element method. Thus, some difficulties and costs in experimental studies could be overcome.
Hábitos de vida saludable como indicador de desarrollo personal y social: discursos y prácticas en escuelas
Authors: Torres Jorge , Contreras Saúl , Lippi Luis , Huaiquimilla Macarena , Leal Rodrigo
Published: August 2019

The healthy lifestyle habits of adolescents are influenced by multiple sources. In this scenario, the school plays a fundamental role, being called upon to guide students in their learning experiences, self-awareness and behavior modification. This study seeks to identify discourses and practices, associated with the healthy lifestyle indicator (of the Indicators of Personal and Social Development (IDPS for its acronym in Spanish)), among actors of educational communities, in order to identify the challenges, tensions and other relevant aspects. Following a case study design, thirty-eight actors were interviewed (professors, education assistants, school leaders and other professionals), and twelve focus groups with third-grade students from four schools with medium-low socioeconomic status, with different scores on the healthy lifestyle habits indicator. The results show significant differences, but also similarities, on discourses and practices, that facilitate or hinder the configuration of eating habits, physical activity and self-care, which are also expressed at the level of meanings, contexts, work with students, relationship with the State and management. This work reveals the need to have tools and guidelines to promote healthy lifestyle habits among students.
Misreading Capital
Authors: Gupta Dipankar
Published: August 2019

Marx has been misread primarily because the politicians who, in his name, powered communist regimes popularized a tendentious interpretation of his works. In particular, they justified authoritarianism and violence by emphasizing the “dictatorship of the proletariat” and the “animal theory of revolution” where the poor get poorer and eventually erupt in a cataclysmic fashion. Instead, if attention had been paid to Marx’s seminal concept—“socially necessary labor”—and his exhortation to win the minds of the working classes by participating in popular movements of the subalterns everywhere, then a new appreciation would emerge of the corpus of Marx’s contributions. As that has not quite happened, scholars like Weber, Arendt, and Friedman have misinterpreted Marx, rather willfully, and shot into prominence with their first book-length publications.
Intracranial infections: lessons learned from 52 surgically treated cases
Authors: Kural Cahit , Kırmızıgoz Sahin , Ezgu Mehmet Can , Bedir Orhan , Kutlay Murat , Izci Yusuf
Published: August 2019

OBJECTIVE

Intracranial infections are serious and life-threatening health problems. They may present as subdural empyemas or intracerebral abscesses. Surgical drainage and subsequent antibiotic treatment is the main technique for a satisfactory clinical outcome. The aims of this study were to present a 10-year intracranial infection series and discuss the surgical characteristics in the light of literature.

METHODS

Fifty-two patients with intracranial infection underwent surgical treatment between 2008 and 2018. Eleven patients were female and 41 patients were male. The mean age was 40.46 years (range 10–75 years). Eighteen patients had intracerebral abscesses, and 34 had subdural empyemas. All patients underwent surgical treatment as well as an antibiotic regimen.

RESULTS

No etiological agent was isolated in 29 (56%) cases. Bacterial agents were detected in 20 cases, while fungi were observed in 3 cases. Staphylococci species were the most common agents and were isolated in 8 (15%) cases. Endoscopic aspiration was performed in 3 cases, while surgical drainage and capsule resection via craniotomy was performed in 49 cases. An associated intracranial tumor was diagnosed in 2 patients with brain abscesses. Four (8%) patients died despite surgical and medical treatments.

CONCLUSIONS

Surgical treatment via craniotomy is an older method, but it is still the best to treat the intracranial infections not only for decompression of the brain but also to attain an accurate diagnosis. The abscess wall should always be histologically examined after surgery to rule out any intracranial tumor.
Intracranial fungal granuloma: a single-institute study of 90 cases over 18 years
Authors: Mishra Ajit , Prabhuraj Andiperumal Raj , Shukla Dhaval P. , Nandeesh Bevinahalli N. , Chandrashekar Nagarathna , Ramalingaiah Arvinda , Arivazhagan Arimappamagan , Bhat Dhananjaya Ishwar , Somanna Sampath , Devi Bhagavatula Indira
Published: August 2019

OBJECTIVE

Intracranial fungal granuloma (IFG) remains an uncommon entity. The authors report a single-institute study of 90 cases of IFG, which is the largest study until now.

METHODS

In this retrospective study, all cases of IFG surgically treated in the years 2001–2018 were included. Data were obtained from the medical records and the pathology, microbiology, and radiology departments. All relevant clinical data, imaging characteristics, surgical procedure performed, perioperative findings, and follow-up data were recorded from the case files. Telephonic follow-up was also performed for a few patients to find out their current status.

RESULTS

A total of 90 cases consisting of 64 males (71.1%) and 26 (28.9%) females were evaluated. The mean patient age was 40.2 years (range 1–79 years). Headache (54 patients) was the most common presenting complaint, followed by visual symptoms (35 patients), fever (21 patients), and others such as limb weakness (13 patients) or seizure (9 patients). Cranial nerve involvement was the most common sign (47 patients), followed by motor deficit (22 patients) and papilledema (7 patients). The mean duration of symptoms before presentation was 6.4 months (range 0.06–48 months). Thirty patients (33.3%) had predisposing factors like diabetes mellitus, tuberculosis, or other immunocompromised status. A pure intracranial location of the IFG was seen in 49 cases (54.4%), whereas rhinocerebral or paranasal sinus involvement was seen in 41 cases (45.6%). Open surgery, that is, craniotomy and decompression, was performed in 55 cases, endoscopic biopsy was done in 30 cases, and stereotactic biopsy was performed in 5 cases. Aspergilloma (43 patients) was the most common fungal mass, followed by zygomycosis (13 patients), chromomycosis (9 patients), cryptococcoma (7 patients), mucormycosis (5 patients), and candida infection (1 patient). In 12 cases, the exact fungal phenotype could not be identified. Follow-up was available for 69/90 patients (76.7%). The mean duration of the follow-up was 37.97 months (range 3–144 months). The mortality rate was 52.2% (36/69 patients) among the patients with available follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS

A high index of suspicion for IFG should exist for patients with an immunocompromised status and diabetic patients with rhinocerebral mass lesions. Early diagnosis, aggressive surgical decompression, and a course of promptly initiated antifungal therapy are associated with a better prognosis.
Implementation of an infection prevention bundle is associated with reduced surgical site infections in cranial neurosurgery
Authors: Rubeli Samuel L. , D’Alonzo Donato , Mueller Beate , Bartlomé Nicole , Fankhauser Hans , Bucheli Evelin , Conen Anna , Fandino Javier , Fux Christoph A.
Published: August 2019

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to quantify surgical site infection (SSI) rates after cranial neurosurgery in a tertiary care hospital, identify risk factors for SSI, and evaluate the impact of standardized surveillance and an infection prevention bundle (IPB).

METHODS

The authors compared SSI rates during 7 months before and after the intervention. The IPB included standardized patient preparation, perioperative antibiotic/antiseptic use, barrier precautions, coaching of surgeons, and the implementation of a specialized technical operation assistant team.

RESULTS

Three hundred twenty-two unselected consecutive patients were evaluated before the IPB, and 296 were evaluated after implementation. Infection rates after 1 year decreased from 7.8% (25/322) to 3.7% (11/296, p = 0.03) with similar mortality rates (14.7% vs 13.8%, p = 0.8). The isolated bacteria included Staphylococcus aureus (42%), Cutibacterium acnes (22%), and coagulase-negative staphylococci (14%). Organ/space infections dominated with 67%, and mostly consisted of subdural empyema and meningitis/ventriculitis. Among the 36 SSIs, 13 (36%) occurred during hospitalization, and 29 (81%) within the first 3 months of follow-up. In multivariable analysis including established risk factors described in the literature, non-CNS neoplasia (odds ratio [OR] 3.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.39–10.53), postoperative bleeding (OR 4.09, 1.44–11.62), operations performed by or under supervision of a senior faculty surgeon (OR 0.38, 0.17–0.84), and operations performed after the implementation of standardized surveillance and an IPB (OR 0.38, 0.17–0.85) significantly influenced the infection rate.

CONCLUSIONS

The introduction of an IPB combined with routine surveillance and personal feedback was associated with a 53% reduced infection rate. The lower infection rates of senior faculty and the strong association between postoperative bleeding and infection underline the importance of both surgical experience as well as thorough supervision and coaching of younger surgeons.
Outcome following postneurosurgical Acinetobacter meningitis: an institutional experience of 72 cases
Authors: Sharma Ravi , Goda Revanth , Borkar Sachin Anil , Katiyar Varidh , Agarwal Samagra , Kumar Amandeep , Mohapatra Sarita , Kapil Arti , Suri Ashish , Kale Shashank S.
Published: August 2019

OBJECTIVE

The authors aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Acinetobacter isolates responsible for nosocomial meningitis/ventriculitis in the neurosurgical ICU. The authors also sought to identify the risk factors for mortality following Acinetobacter meningitis/ventriculitis.

METHODS

This was a retrospective study of 72 patients admitted to the neurosurgical ICU between January 2014 and December 2018 with clinical and microbiological diagnosis of nosocomial postneurosurgical Acinetobacter baumanii meningitis/ventriculitis. Electronic medical data on clinical characteristics, underlying pathology, CSF cytology, antibiotic susceptibilities, and mortality were recorded. To evaluate the outcome following nosocomial postneurosurgical Acinetobacter meningitis/ventriculitis, patients were followed up until discharge or death in the hospital. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to compute factors affecting survival.

RESULTS

The study population was divided into two groups depending on the final outcome of whether the patient died or survived. Forty-three patients (59.7%) were included in the survivor group and 29 patients (40.3%) were included in the nonsurvivor group. Total in-hospital mortality due to Acinetobacter meningitis/ventriculitis was 40.3% (29 cases), with a 14-day mortality of 15.3% and a 30-day mortality of 25%. The 43 (59.7%) patients who survived had a mean length of hospital stay of 44 ± 4 days with a median Glasgow Outcome Scale–Extended score at discharge of 6. On univariate analysis, age > 40 years (p = 0.078), admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score ≤ 8 (p = 0.003), presence of septic shock (p = 0.011), presence of external ventricular drain (EVD) (p = 0.03), CSF white blood cell (WBC) count > 200 cells/mm3 (p = 0.084), and comorbidities (diabetes, p = 0.036; hypertension, p = 0.01) were associated with poor outcome. Carbapenem resistance was not a risk factor for mortality. According to a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model, age cutoff of 40 years (p = 0.016, HR 3.21), GCS score cutoff of 8 (p = 0.006, HR 0.29), CSF WBC count > 200 cells/mm3 (p = 0.01, HR 2.76), presence of EVD (p = 0.001, HR 5.42), and comorbidities (p = 0.017, HR 2.8) were found to be significant risk factors for mortality.

CONCLUSIONS

This study is the largest case series reported to date of postneurosurgical Acinetobacter meningitis/ventriculitis. In-hospital mortality due to Acinetobacter meningitis/ventriculitis was high. Age older than 40 years, GCS score less than 8, presence of EVD, raised CSF WBC count, and presence of comorbidities were risk factors for mortality.
Nocardia amikacinitolerans and cytomegalovirus: distinctive clinical and radiological characterization of the rare etiologies of brain abscesses: report of 2 cases
Authors: Quinoa Travis , Jumah Fareed , Narayan Vinayak , Xiong Zhenggang , Nanda Anil , Hanft Simon
Published: August 2019

Central nervous system infections in immunosuppressed patients are rare but potentially lethal complications that require swift diagnoses and intervention. While the differential diagnosis for new lesions on neuroradiological imaging of immunosuppressed patients typically includes infections and neoplasms, image-based heuristics to differentiate the two has been shown to have variable reliability.

The authors describe 2 rare CNS infections in immunocompromised patients with atypical physical and radiological presentations. In the first case, a 59-year-old man, who had recently undergone a renal transplantation, was found to have multifocal Nocardia amikacinitolerans abscesses masquerading as neoplasms on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI); in the second case, a 33-year-old man with suspected recurrent Hodgkin’s lymphoma was found to have a nonpyogenic abscess with cytomegalovirus (CMV) encephalitis.

As per review of the literature, this appears to be the first case of brain abscess caused by N. amikacinitolerans, a recently isolated superbug. Despite confirmation through brain biopsy later on in case 1, the initial radiological appearance was atypical, showing subtle diffusion restriction on DWI. Similarly, the authors present a case of CMV encephalitis that presented as a ring-enhancing lesion, which is extremely rare. Both cases draw attention to the reliability of neuroimaging in differentiating an abscess from a neoplasm.
Diagnosis, treatment, and survival in spinal dissemination of primary intracranial glioblastoma: systematic literature review
Authors: Wright Christina Huang , Wright James , Onyewadume Louisa , Raghavan Alankrita , Lapite Isaac , Casco-Zuleta Antonio , Lagman Carlito , Sajatovic Martha , Hodges Tiffany R.
Published: August 2019

OBJECTIVE

Spinal metastases from primary intracranial glioblastoma (GBM) are infrequently reported, and the disease has yet to be well characterized. A more accurate description of its clinical presentation and patient survival may improve understanding of this pathology, guide patient care, and advocate for increased inclusion in GBM research. The authors sought to describe the clinical presentation, treatment patterns, and survival in patients with drop metastases secondary to primary intracranial GBM.

METHODS

A systematic review was performed using the PRISMA guidelines. PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were queried for abstracts that included patients with primary intracranial GBM and metastases to the spinal axis. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate characteristics of the primary brain lesion, timing of spinal metastases, clinical symptoms, anatomical location of the metastases, and survival and treatment parameters. Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank analysis of the survival curves were performed for selected subgroups.

RESULTS

Of 1225 abstracts that resulted from the search, 51 articles were selected, yielding 86 subjects. The patients’ mean age was 46.78 years and 59.74% were male. The most common symptom was lumbago or cervicalgia (90.24%), and this was followed by paraparesis (86.00%). The actuarial median survival after the detection of spinal metastases was 2.8 months and the mean survival was 2.72 months (95% CI 2.59–4.85), with a 1-year cumulative survival probability of 2.7% (95% CI 0.51%–8.33%). A diagnosis of leptomeningeal disease, present in 53.54% of the patients, was correlated, and significantly worse survival was on log-rank analysis in patients with leptomeningeal disease (p = 0.0046; median survival 2.5 months [95% CI 2–3] vs 4.0 months [95% CI 2–6]).

CONCLUSIONS

This study established baseline characteristics of GBMs metastatic to the spinal axis. The prognosis is poor, though these results will provide patients and clinicians with more accurate survival estimates. The quality of studies reporting on this disease pathology is still limited. There is significant need for improved reporting methods for spinal metastases, either through enrollment of these patients in clinical trials or through increased granularity of coding for metastatic central nervous system diseases in cancer databases.
Heterotopic ossification and radiographic adjacent-segment disease after cervical disc arthroplasty
Authors: Yang Michael M. H. , Ryu Won Hyung A. , Casha Steven , DuPlessis Stephan , Jacobs W. Bradley , Hurlbert R. John
Published: August 2019

OBJECTIVE

Cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) is an accepted motion-sparing technique associated with favorable patient outcomes. However, heterotopic ossification (HO) and adjacent-segment degeneration are poorly understood adverse events that can be observed after CDA. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively examine 1) the effect of the residual exposed endplate (REE) on HO, and 2) identify risk factors predicting radiographic adjacent-segment disease (rASD) in a consecutive cohort of CDA patients.

METHODS

A retrospective cohort study was performed on consecutive adult patients (≥ 18 years) who underwent 1- or 2-level CDA at the University of Calgary between 2002 and 2015 with > 1-year follow-up. REE was calculated by subtracting the anteroposterior (AP) diameter of the arthroplasty device from the native AP endplate diameter measured on lateral radiographs. HO was graded using the McAfee classification (low grade, 0–2; high grade, 3 and 4). Change in AP endplate diameter over time was measured at the index and adjacent levels to indicate progressive rASD.

RESULTS

Forty-five patients (58 levels) underwent CDA during the study period. The mean age was 46 years (SD 10 years). Twenty-six patients (58%) were male. The median follow-up was 29 months (IQR 42 months). Thirty-three patients (73%) underwent 1-level CDA. High-grade HO developed at 19 levels (33%). The mean REE was 2.4 mm in the high-grade HO group and 1.6 mm in the low-grade HO group (p = 0.02). On multivariable analysis, patients with REE > 2 mm had a 4.5-times-higher odds of developing high-grade HO (p = 0.02) than patients with REE ≤ 2 mm. No significant relationship was observed between the type of artificial disc and the development of high-grade HO (p = 0.1). RASD was more likely to develop in the lower cervical spine (p = 0.001) and increased with time (p < 0.001). The presence of an artificial disc was highly protective against degenerative changes at the index level of operation (p < 0.001) but did not influence degeneration in the adjacent segments.

CONCLUSIONS

In patients undergoing CDA, high-grade HO was predicted by REE. Therefore, maximizing the implant-endplate interface may help to reduce high-grade HO and preserve motion. RASD increases in an obligatory manner following CDA and is highly linked to specific levels (e.g., C6–7) rather than the presence or absence of an adjacent arthroplasty device. The presence of an artificial disc is, however, protective against further degenerative change at the index level of operation.
Las elecciones legislativas de 2004. Un análisis de las encuestas y de la gestión comunicativa en la campaña electoral: su proyección en la decisión de voto
Authors: Berrocal Salomé , Fernández Clara
Published: August 2019

El 14 de marzo de 2004 se celebraron elecciones generales en España. Los resultados de estos comicios nos obligan a hablar de vuelco electoral, se pasó de la mayoría absoluta del Partido Popular a la victoria del Partido Socialista. Dichas elecciones estuvieron marcadas por distintos acontecimientos como el apoyo de España en la Guerra de Irak, el encuentro de Carod Rovira con miembros de ETA, y, en especial, el atentado terrorista islámico que tuvo lugar en Madrid el 11 de marzo, tres días antes de las elecciones. Las encuestas, que se realizaron en los años 2003 y 2004, sirven para conocer cómo influyeron estos hechos en la decisio´n de voto de los españoles. El trabajo, que se presenta en este artículo, analiza los principales sondeos de opinión, realizados antes y después de las elecciones, así como el comportamiento de las cadenas de televisión generalistas desde el 11 al 14-M, con el objeto de colaborar en encontrar una explicación a los resultados electorales y a la fluctuación electoral.
The Role of Universities in Curbing Interregional Educational Migration
Authors: Zakharova I. V.
Published: August 2019

The article addresses the problem of outflow of youth from the region in connection with higher education. The aim is to determine the possibility of influencing the flows of interregional educational migration. The role of universities in curbing educational migration from the region and in attracting migration flows of young people is substantiated. The author presents a review of studies on educational migration and indicates the factors behind applicants’ choice of study location. The article dwells on the trends of interregional educational migration in the Volga Federal district, analyzes migration plans of high school seniors in Ulyanovsk region. The research bases on the methods of interdisciplinary literature analysis, sociological survey, method of expert assessments, and analysis of statistical data. The empirical base of the study became the results of a survey of 1010 high school seniors, 91 parents and 27 heads of educational institutions conducted in September-November 2018 in Ulyanovsk region.

The proposed classification of the reasons for educational migration from the region and the reasons for staying in the region has a theoretical relevance. Based on the empirical data obtained, the ways of preventing educational migration from the region are suggested. In particular, it is revealed that the quality of education in regional universities is not a factor that significantly affects the choice of study location. To the greatest extent, the plans of school leavers are determined by the subjective perception of the socio-economic conditions of the region in which they would like to receive education. Since educational migration has objective and subjective reasons, the solution of this problem requires a set of economic, legal, advocacy tools. The article argues that there are two main forces in the region that can influence educational migration – these are the authorities and the territorial education system itself, the main structural elements of which are universities. In addition to the effective educational and scientific activities, universities need to conduct the targeted marketing policy, as well as to make efforts to promote their image and the image of the entire territorial education system.
On the expressive power of collective attacks
Authors: Dvořák Wolfgang , Fandinno Jorge , Woltran Stefan
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we consider argumentation frameworks with sets of attacking arguments (SETAFs) due to Nielsen and Parsons, an extension of Dung’s abstract argumentation frameworks that allow for collective attacks. We first provide a comprehensive analysis of the expressiveness of SETAFs under conflict-free, naive, stable, complete, admissible, preferred, semi-stable, and stage semantics. Our analysis shows that SETAFs are strictly more expressive than Dung AFs. Towards a uniform characterization of SETAFs and Dung AFs we provide general results on expressiveness which take the maximum degree of the collective attacks into account. Our results show that, for each [Formula: see text], SETAFs that allow for collective attacks of [Formula: see text] arguments are more expressive than SETAFs that only allow for collective attacks of at most k arguments.
Flow motifs in soccer: What can passing behavior tell us?
Authors: Bekkers Joris , Dabadghao Shaunak
Published: August 2019

Passing is an important and crucial aspect of winning a soccer match. It plays a big role in important decisions made by managers and owners when buying/selling players, picking offensive/defensive strategies and defining a style of play. In this article we show how to support these decisions by analyzing the unique passing behaviors (motifs) of players and teams from the patterns in their passing-possession data. We analyze individual players as well as teams based on the diversity and frequency of their involvement in different motifs. We gather passing and possession data from 4 seasons (2012–15) of 6 big European leagues with 8219 matches, 3532 unique players and 155 unique teams and apply the network motif concept to study the patterns. By introducing an expected goals model we build on the motif concept to measure the effectiveness of styles of play. We also make use of a novel way to represent the motif data (the radar graph) to make comparisons between players and teams across multiple seasons. We show how this analysis can support scouting for players and managers, identifying unique players/teams, finding relationships between position and style and in finding a suitable replacement for La Computadora.