bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inflammasomes in breast cancer: the ignition spark of progression and resistance?
Authors: Elgohary Sawsan , El Tayebi Hend M.
Published: June 2023

Inflammation and immune evasion are major key players in breast cancer (BC) progression. Recently, the FDA approved the use of anti-programmed death-ligand 1 antibody (anti-PD-L1) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors against aggressive BC. Despite the paradigm shift in BC treatments, patients still suffer from resistance, recurrence and serious immune-related adverse events. These obstacles require unravelling of the hidden molecular contributors for such therapy failure hence yielding therapeutics that are at least as efficient yet safer. Inflammasome pathway is activated when the pattern recognition receptor senses danger signals (danger-associated molecular patterns) from damagedRdying cells or pathogen-associated molecular patterns found in microbes, leading to secretion of the active pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β(IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18). It has been shown throughout numerous studies that inflammasome pathway enhanced invasion, metastasis, provoked BC progression and therapy resistance. Additionally, inflammasomes upregulated the proliferative index ki67 and enhanced PD-L1 expression leading to immunotherapy resistance. IL-1βcontributed to significant decrease in oestrogen receptor levels and promoted BC chemo-resistance. High levels of IL-18 in sera of BC patients were associated with worst prognosis. Stimulation of purinergic receptors and modulation of adipokines in obese subjects activated inflammasomes that evoked radiotherapy resistance and BC progression. The micro RNA miR-223-3p attenuated the inflammasome over-expression leading to lowered tumour volume and lessened angiogenesis in BC. This review sheds the light on the molecular pathways of inflammasomes and their impacts in distinct BC subtypes. In addition, it highlights novel strategies in treatment and prevention of BC.
Why the 2020 Belarusian Protests Failed to Oust Lukashenka
Authors: Way Lucan , Tolvin Amelie
Published: June 2023

This article uses a comparison with Ukraine to investigate why protests against Lukashenka in 2020 failed to oust the Belarusian dictator. First, in contrast to his counterparts in Ukraine, Lukashenka successfully built new authoritarian economic and coercive institutions in the 1990s that raised the costs of opposition activity and reduced challengers’ access to business support. Second, Belarus has lacked a strong national identity that was critical to opposition success in Ukraine. In Ukraine, relatively powerful anti-Russian nationalism repeatedly motivated a core group of anti-incumbent activists and facilitated the opposition’s control over local power structures that supported protest activities at critical moments. In Belarus, weak national identity and consequent dearth of committed activists in national government institutions in the 1990s hampered efforts to challenge Lukashenka’s consolidation of authoritarian power. In addition, weaker national identity undermined the capacity of opposition forces to control local power structures that might have aided opposition protest.
DeepGlow: An efficient neural network emulator of physical afterglow models for gamma-ray bursts and gravitational-wave events
Authors: Boersma Oliver M. , van Leeuwen Joeri
Published: June 2023

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and double neutron star merger gravitational-wave events are followed by afterglows that shine from X-rays to radio, and these broadband transients are generally interpreted using analytical models. Such models are relatively fast to execute, and thus easily allow estimates of the energy and geometry parameters of the blast wave, through many trial-and-error model calculations. One problem, however, is that such analytical models do not capture the underlying physical processes as well as more realistic relativistic numerical hydrodynamic (RHD) simulations do. Ideally, those simulations are used for parameter estimation instead, but their computational cost makes this intractable. To this end, we present DeepGlow, a highly efficient neural network architecture trained to emulate a computationally costly RHD-based model of GRB afterglows, to within a few percent accuracy. As a first scientific application, we compare both the emulator and a different analytical model calibrated to RHD simulations, to estimate the parameters of a broadband GRB afterglow. We find consistent results between these two models, and also give further evidence for a stellar wind progenitor environment around this GRB source. DeepGlow fuses simulations that are otherwise too complex to execute over all parameters, to real broadband data of current and future GRB afterglows.
How to Engineer a Quantum Wavefunction
Authors: Evans Peter W. , Hangleiter Dominik , Thébault Karim P. Y.
Published: June 2023

In a conventional experiment, scientists typically aim to learn about target systems by manipulating source systems of the same material type. In an analogue quantum simulation, by contrast, scientists typically aim to learn about target quantum systems of one material type via an experiment on a source quantum system of a different material type. In this article, we argue that such inferences can be justified by reference to source and target quantum systems being of the same empirical type. We illustrate this novel experimental practice of wavefunction engineering with reference to the example of Bose–Hubbard systems.
Effects of calcium chloride substitution on the physicochemical properties of Minas Frescal cheese
Authors: da Silva Fernanda Lopes , Fusieger Andressa , Moreira Maria Tereza Cratiú , Oliveira Isabelle Carolina , Perrone Ítalo Tuler , Silva Naaman Francisco Nogueira , Stephani Rodrigo , de Carvalho Antônio Fernandes
Published: June 2023

The aim in this research paper was to investigate the effect of using calcium monophosphate (MCP) and MCP mixed with commercial phosphates salts, in total or partial replacement of calcium chloride (CaCl2) in the manufacture of Minas Frescal cheese. Initially, model cheeses were made to perform the rheological analysis during the coagulation process. Of these, the five best treatments were chosen to carry out the production of Minas Frescal cheese, used only CaCl2 and MCP, and partial replacements of MCP + polyphosphate, MCP + potassium monophosphate (MKP) and MCP. The cheeses showed no significant difference in physicochemical composition, yield and syneresis, however, the cheese with partial replacement of CaCl2 by MCP + polyphosphate and MCP + MKP showed the highest hardness values, like the control. This demonstrates that it is possible to replace calcium chloride without significant changes in the physicochemical characteristics and yield of Minas Frescal cheese, and it is still possible to modulate the hardness of the cheese produced according to the type of calcium/phosphate source used. This allows the industry to replace the source of calcium in the manufacture of Minas Frescal cheese according to the desired hardness.
Reintermediation in FinTech: Evidence from Online Lending
Authors: Balyuk Tetyana , Davydenko Sergei
Published: June 2023

We document the unique structure of the peer-to-peer lending market. Originally designed as decentralized, the market has become highly, but not fully, reintermediated. The platforms’ software now performs essentially all tasks related to loan evaluation, whereas most lenders are passive and automatically fund most applications on offer. Yet unlike banks, and in contrast to theories predicting full reintermediation, the platforms provide detailed loan information, and some active loan pickers coexist with passive investors. We argue that while intermediation attracts unsophisticated passive investors, transparency in the presence of active investors resolves the lending platform’s moral hazard problem inherent in intermediated markets.
Presuppositions are more persuasive than assertions if addressees accommodate them: Experimental evidence for philosophical reasoning
Authors: Thoma Dieter , Becker Kira , Kißler Anica
Published: June 2023

Best practice and descriptive research claim that presuppositions, such as the “too” in “#MeToo,” increase the persuasiveness of arguments. Surprisingly, there is hardly any causal evidence for this claim. Therefore, we tested experimentally if advertisements and political statements with presuppositions are more persuasive than equivalent assertions. In 1999, Sbisà already theorized that “persuasive presuppositions” incidentally urge addressees to extend their (ideological) knowledge to make true the unstated assumptions writers have about what their addressee knows, which leads to greater agreement. Following Sbisà, we hypothesized that the persuasiveness depends on the addressee’s need and willingness to accommodate the presupposed content. In three experiments, we manipulated (a) the presupposition trigger using either the German additive particle auch “too,” the iterative particle wieder “again,” or factive verbs compared to assertive equivalents and (b) the preceding discourse context which supported the presupposition or not. Results show that presuppositions are perceived as more persuasive if they convey discourse-new information, largely irrespective of addressees’ ideological involvement. Also considering eye-tracked reading, we suggest that the integrative cognitive process of presupposition accommodation initiates their persuasive edge. The findings imply that persuasive communication benefits from the use of lexically conveyed presuppositions if they are sufficiently informative to trigger accommodation.
Dynamic changes in postnatal growth predict adolescent mental health problems in survivors of extremely low birth weight (ELBW)
Authors: Mathewson Karen J. , Brook Christina A. , Saigal Saroj , Van Lieshout Ryan J. , Schmidt Louis A.
Published: June 2023

Although individuals born at extremely low birth weight (ELBW; ≤1000 g) are known to be at greater risk for mental health problems than individuals born at normal birth weight (NBW; ≥2500 g), contributions of postnatal growth to these relations have not been fully explored. We compared individual differences in the Ponderal Index [(PI; weight(kg)/height(m3)] and head circumference (HC) in predicting internalizing and externalizing behaviors in childhood and adolescence in a cohort of ELBW survivors (N = 137) prospectively followed since birth. Baseline models indicated that infants who were born thinner or with smaller HC showed greater PI or HC growth in the first 3 years. Latent difference score (LDS) models showed that compensatory HC growth in the first year (ΔHC = 20.72 cm), controlled for birth HC, predicted ADHD behaviors in adolescence in those born with smaller HC. LDS models also indicated that the PI increased within the first year (ΔPI = 1.568) but decreased overall between birth and age 3 years (net ΔPI = −4.597). Modeling further showed that larger increases in the PI in the first year and smaller net decreases over 3 years predicted more internalizing behaviors in adolescence. These findings suggest early growth patterns prioritizing weight over height may have negative effects on later mental health in ELBW survivors, consistent with developmental programming theories.
A Partial Prehistory of the Southwest Silk Road: Archaeometallurgical Networks along the Sub-Himalayan Corridor
Authors: Pryce T.O. , Carrignon Simon , Cadet Mélissa , Oo Kay Thwe , Oo Saw Naing , Win Thu Thu , Aye Arkar , Pradier Baptiste , Bellina Bérénice , Meur Clémence Le , Petchey Peter , Radivojević Miljana
Published: June 2023

Historical phenomena often have prehistoric precedents; with this paper we investigate the potential for archaeometallurgical analyses and networked data processing to elucidate the progenitors of the Southwest Silk Road in Mainland Southeast Asia and southern China. We present original microstructural, elemental and lead isotope data for 40 archaeological copper-base metal samples, mostly from the UNESCO-listed site of Halin, and lead isotope data for 24 geological copper-mineral samples, also from Myanmar. We combined these data with existing datasets (N = 98 total) and compared them to the 1000+ sample late prehistoric archaeometallurgical database available from Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam and Yunnan. Lead isotope data, contextualized for alloy, find location and date, were interpreted manually for intra-site, inter-site and inter-regional consistency, which hint at significant multi-scalar connectivity from the late second millennium bc. To test this interpretation statistically, the archaeological lead isotope data were then processed using regionally adapted production-derived consistency parameters. Complex networks analysis using the Leiden community detection algorithm established groups of artefacts sharing lead isotopic consistency. Introducing the geographic component allowed for the identification of communities of sites with consistent assemblages. The four major communities were consistent with the manually interpreted exchange networks and suggest southern sections of the Southwest Silk Road were active in the late second millennium bc.
Refugees and Their Unforeseen Future
Authors: Goniewicz Krzysztof , Khorram-Manesh Amir , Goniewicz Mariusz
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

The current hybrid war in Ukraine clearly shows the impacts of modern warfare on civilians. Infrastructure, including healthcare facilities, energy sources, and every entity supporting the lifeline of the people are under attack, leaving no options but to leave the country for those who can. Since the outbreak of the conflict, over three million Ukrainian women and children have migrated to the neighboring countries. Although women and children might be the healthiest groups among refugees, they create other challenges within healthcare.

Method:

Qualitative and quantitative methods which describes all possible impacts of the war on the refugees’ situation in three periods of time.

Migration: During this period, besides the risk of trauma, there are other types of diseases such as infectious diseases that influence the outcome of the migration.

Settlement: This period consists of emergency physical and psychological conditions that bring the refugees to the hospitals. Hygenic issues and exposure to new diseases such as Covid-19 can be part of this period. Additionally, there might be social adjustment issues that need to be discussed.

The post-conflict: Consists of PTSD and other psychological impacts of the war, which may change the course of the life of many survivors. The final impact of the failure in social adjustment may also result in long-term socio-cultural issues.

Results:

We expect that the results of the submitted projects demonstrate the unforeseen physical and psychological wounds in refugees, irrespective of their age and background. One major outcome would be the failure of the social adjustment and if possible, a comparison with previous wars’ refugees.

Conclusion:

The research will conclude by presenting a summary of all results and categorization of the conditions that influence the well-being of refugees as well as the host country. New recommendations will be available based on the experience gained and the results presented.
Integrated Civilian-Military Air Operations in the Wake of Hurricane Ian
Authors: Steenberg Matthew , Abo Benjamin
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

Hurricane Ian impacted Southwest Florida in September 2022 leaving massive destruction. Notably, the barrier islands were isolated by destroyed bridges and docks. Delivery of Search and Rescue, Medical Care, and other aid required a joint Civilian-Military Air Operation to provide essential services.

Method:

This presentation will detail the just-in-time development and operation of a massive joint civilian-military air operation in order to provide essential disaster response services.

Results:

Components of the joint air operation included:

the establishment of a regional air asset request center

creation of a command structure for air mission tasking

the use of an airborne military air traffic control asset for forward control

setting up a helibase at an international airport

creation of multiple helispots in remote damaged areas with forward control assets

the coordination with numerous private, NGO, municipal, county, state, federal, and military agencies

heavy, medium, and light lift helicopter operations

both civilian and military dedicated medevac

hoist and water rescue operations

accommodating a US presidential visit during operations

Together these operations supported the transportation needs of Search and Rescue, Medical, Command, Planning, and Logistics Operations for XXX days until the establishment of reliable ground transportation.

Conclusion:

This presentation will not only provide insight into the planning and operation of the joint air operation but will also share the impacts on the medical care from the physicians who were directly involved in the medical care delivered on the barrier islands of Florida.
Region 1 RDHRS Disaster Telehealth System
Authors: Boyle Tehnaz , Biddinger Paul , Leeber Jack
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

Disasters can quickly overwhelm a healthcare system’s capacity and exacerbate existing gaps in access to specialty care. The Region 1 RDHRS has developed a disaster telehealth system. This presentation will highlight how a proof of concept developed into a prototype system, and how it is becoming operational. We will elaborate on the barriers of implementing a telehealth system to provide access to acute consultation with disaster-relevant specialists, and the steps the Region 1 RDHRS is taking to develop solutions.

Method:

An RDHRS is a tiered system across states and regions created to deliver a more coherent and comprehensive response to health security threats. A key RDHRS capability is providing disaster telehealth services to target gaps in healthcare coverage, allowing providers to access disaster-relevant clinical expertise in the immediate aftermath of a catastrophic no-notice event.

The Region 1 RDHRS disaster telehealth system can rapidly mobilize a national pool of volunteer specialists to support overwhelmed local providers at the point of care. This system is flexible to support a range of disasters and easy to navigate without prior training. The system is device-agnostic and functions on existing telecommunication systems without requiring new hardware/software installation.

Results:

Operationalizing a telehealth system to deliver acute episodic unscheduled care across state lines is fraught with challenges. We collaborated with various subject matter experts to develop solutions that allow for rapid volunteer verification, training, and mobilization. Despite advances driven by COVID-19, barriers related to license portability, liability protection, and credentialing of volunteer specialists across state lines remain complex. We are developing disaster waivers and template documents that can be rapidly implemented via executive action at state and regional levels.

Conclusion:

The Region 1 RDHRS team is collaborating with the other pilot sites within the RDHRS program to develop a unified national disaster telehealth response based on this model.
Ukraine War: How Humanitarian Medicine can Reduce Morbidity and Mortality in the Prehospital Space
Authors: Quinn John , Kurinnyi Slava , Rus Marielle , Dhabalia Trisha , Barach Paul
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

The 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine exacts a heavy death toll throughout Ukraine. Morbidity and mortality of warfighters and vulnerable civilian communities are inversely proportional to quality access to a viable medical evacuation chain. The military inspector is one option to fill the gap in prehospital medicine to reduce morbidity and mortality by providing damage control resuscitation/surgery (DCR/DCS).

Method:

Qualitative and quantitative methodologies are applied. Qualitatively describing the medical evacuation of Shane, providing death estimates of the point of injury to receipt of DCR/DCS. Provide interoperable care across the military-civilian and humanitarian sectors. Describe the standardized and consistent evacuation chains across the entire battlefront from the point of injury to the Role 1/Role 2 echelons of care.

Results:

The medical evacuation chain for this current iteration of Russian violence is currently inadequate, not standardized, not well integrated at the military-civilian interface. Preventable morbidity and mortality from conventional Russian weapon systems have increased.

Conclusion:

Armed Forces of Ukraine to engage with NATO and EU colleagues to acquire the methodology and practical applications to reduce preventable morbidity and mortality. Standardized approaches to the concept of damage control resuscitation and damage control surgery to the paradigm of tactical combat casualty care can help reduce morbidity and mortality. The Ukraine crisis and Russian war is killing people in Ukraine, prehospital medicine must address and focus on reducing preventable causes of morbidity and mortality.
Football Stampede in Kanjuruhan Stadium from the Perspective of Disaster Preparedness on Mass Casualty Incident: A Case Study of Mass Gathering Event
Authors: Yogadhita Gde , Agustin Widiana
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

The lack of planning and coordination by the mass gathering event organizers involving other stakeholders, especially from the health sector, caused mass casualty incidents which could not be managed in a timely manner and resulted in many victims. This was worsened by the fact that the nearest health facilities to the mass gathering event did not have a disaster management plan such as a hospital disaster preparedness plan which, if any, was not operational. No firm regulation forced, monitored, and evaluated the necessity of high-risk mass gathering events to have such a preparedness plan yet in Indonesia.

Method:

Using a case study qualitative research method by conducting media observations and listening to webinars on experiences with health workers involved in handling the social disaster of the Kanjuruhan tragedy. Supported by analysis of policy reviews and in-depth interviews with the involved stakeholders on the field.

Results:

This is ongoing research, the results have not been finalized. However, from the information that has been obtained so far, it can be concluded that there is no synergy between the plans prepared by the football match organizing committee, police, local government, and nearest referral health facilities. This was identified by the absence of a medical director at the referral health facility, the absence of in and out access for the medical team to the mass gathering event location, and the absence of crowd management at the site of the incident resulted in 720 injured and 135 of them dead. This made the incident the second worst football stampede incident in history.

Conclusion:

Specific mass gathering regulation specific to football matches is required as Indonesia has a risk of hooliganism in some areas. This will be mandatory for the organizing committee to comply with and involve relevant stakeholders, especially the local health sector.
Use of the U.S. National Poison Data System (NPDS) to Detect and Describe Potentially Harmful, Non-Traditional Behaviors Taken by Individuals to Prevent, Treat, or Cure COVID-19
Authors: Schnall Amy , Hanchey Arianna , Peralta Angela , Chang Art ,   America's Poison Centers Toxicology Team
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

On January 19, 2020, Washington State reported the first confirmed case of COVID-19. Two years later, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported over 90 million cases across every U.S. state and territory causing more than 1 million deaths, with numbers continuing to grow. As part of the overall pandemic response, CDC, in coordination with America’s Poison Centers, conducted enhanced surveillance of National Poison Data System (NPDS) data to detect potentially harmful, non-traditional behaviors taken to prevent, treat, or cure COVID-19 to provide situational awareness and ensure CDC continues to develop effective, evidence-based health communication messages and materials.

Method:

Data from the fifty-five U.S. poison centers (PCs) are uploaded in near real-time to NPDS. CDC monitored several categories including cleaners and disinfectants, medications/vitamins, and behaviors such as suicide and drug use. We characterized exposures by daily call volume, age group, management site, route of exposure, and medical outcome compared to previous years. We also conducted follow-up detailed review for certain anomalies, spikes, or extreme adverse events.

Results:

We reported PC data to several task forces within the CDC Emergency Operations Center. The daily number of exposures increased sharply beginning in March 2020 for exposures to cleaners and disinfectants. For example, bleach exposure calls saw a 62.1% increase compared to 2019. Several medications saw spikes in calls in coordination with media coverage of certain treatments (e.g., hydroxychloroquine) throughout the pandemic.

Conclusion:

This data helped ensure a coordinated public health response to COVID-19 and maximized the unique role of PCs in addressing public and medical provider concerns and questions. Results led to several actions including notifications to state health departments, targeted messaging, and tailored response efforts. PCs are a valuable resource for providing guidance and advice about exposures to hazardous substances and can help reduce the burden on the healthcare system.
Mass Hospital Evacuation During COVID-19 Pandemic: Experience of Hospital Cluster Infection in Taiwan
Authors: Hsiau Yawen
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

A mass hospital evacuation occurred in Taiwan in 2021 due to the clustered COVID-19 infection in Hospitals. To maintain essential services with limited manpower, 74 patients are triaged and evacuated to 12 hospitals in 6 cities in 16 hrs for further treatment.

Method:

All patients were evaluated by physicians for discharge. The patients who still needed hospitalization were classified into three groups according to the risk of infection1. The high-risk group of patients were cared for by infected staff directly; the moderate-risk group were patients admitted to the same ward but didn’t receive care from infected staff. The low-risk group were patients avoiding infection outbreak. Only the low-risk group patients were transferred, excluding patients with unstable vital signs, hospice, and prison. Command Center of HICS of TGH set up a transfer execution team to handle this task.

Results:

There were 74 patients transferred, including 56 from internal medicine and 18 from the surgery ward. Most of the transfers are concentrated within 16 hours. These patients were transferred to 12 emergency hospitals in 6 cities. The average transport time was 1.5 hours and the longest was about 3 hours due to the distance and traffic.The 17 private ambulances and 11 Fire Department ambulances were dispatched and transferred 60 patients. In addition, there were 14 patients evacuated by small buses. No mortality or COVID-19 infection had been reported within 3 days after this mass evacuation, only one patient had been intubated after one hour of arrival to hospital due to condition deterioration.

Conclusion:

A hospital evacuation is a complicated process, especially during a pandemic. All infection control measures create difficulties in the patient transfer process. Well-prepared evacuation plans, regular drills, well-trained personnel, an organized command system, and regional cooperation are the keys to mass evacuation in a disaster.
Toxic Fumes Exposure–More than Just an Airway Concern – RETRACTED
Authors: Ho Shu Fang , Ng Mingwei , Chong Terence , Tan Kenneth
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

Exposure to toxic fumes from an industrial chemical fire may not only lead to airway burns and inhalational injury but also toxic exposure via the transdermal route.

Method:

A 45-year-old gentleman presented with dyspnea two hours after a ten-minute exposure to toxic fumes while fighting an industrial chemical fire without personal protective equipment. He reported voice hoarseness and chest tightness. Nasoendoscopy demonstrated paranasal sinus soot and significant upper airway edema. Awake fiber-optic intubation was performed for prophylactic airway protection in the Burns ICU but bronchoscopy did not reveal any inhalational burns.

However, the patient developed worsening lactic acidosis (serum lactate 2.8mmol/L to 8.1mmol/L with pH 7.28) within 12 hours post-exposure. Carboxyhemoglobin was 0.9%. Toxicology was consulted for suspicions of transdermal HAZMAT contamination, in particular cyanide given the profound lactic acidosis. The patient was given two doses of hydroxocobalamin and brought to the Hospital Decontamination Unit for de-gowning and thorough wash-down. The chemical scan meter showed high levels (352IU) of an unknown chemical on his skin pre-decontamination, which could not be detected post-decontamination. Lactate improved to 5.0mmol/L within two hours post-decontamination while acidosis resolved at eight hours post-decontamination. The patient was extubated and discharged without sequelae.

Results:

To our knowledge, no other human cases of transdermal cyanide poisoning have been reported. Cyanide interferes with mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation pathways to cause toxicity and death if untreated. However, its effects via transdermal exposure are often delayed compared to exposure via more conventional inhalational routes. This makes recognition difficult and compounds the challenge of long turnaround time for blood cyanide tests. Increased transdermal absorption is possible through intact skin if moistened by sweat.

Conclusion:

The potential for transdermal HAZMAT absorption from exposure to toxic fumes is underrecognized. It is crucial to maintain vigilance given the challenges in diagnosing transdermal cyanide toxicity and importance of initiating treatment early.
Development of the Irish Paramedicine Education and Research Network (IPERN): Overview of Activity 2021-2022
Authors: Cummins Niamh , Bright Ann-Marie , Burton Edel , Doyle Brian , Gaumont Damien , O'Toole Michelle
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

The Irish Paramedicine Education and Research Network (IPERN) is dedicated to collaboratively building research culture and research capacity for out-of-hospital care in Ireland and internationally. IPERN is led by an inter-professional team of paramedics, nurses, doctors, allied health professionals and scientists. IPERN supports clinicians to bridge the theory-practice gap through involvement in research training, knowledge generation, knowledge translation, evidence implementation, policy setting, research partnerships, co-production and research leadership. The aim of this study is to quantitatively describe the activity of IPERN in the first two years of it’s foundation (2021-2022).

Method:

This is an observational study and data was collected prospectively throughout 2021 and 2022. Data on event attendance was collated via the Event management software EventBrite and supplemented with minutes from IPERN Committee meetings. Data analysis was performed in Microsoft Excel and comprised descriptive statistics.

Results:

The IPERN Team comprises 14 inter-professional members of whom nine (64%) are paramedics. To date IPERN has launched seven special interest groups; Medical, Trauma, Pediatrics, Mental Health, Human Factors, Medical Logistics and Equality Diversity & Inclusion. The network hosted 14 CPD events from March 2021 to November 2022. In terms of research capacity building, the work of IPERN has been presented at six international conferences and the IPERN Team has successfully secured four grants since the foundation of the network.

Conclusion:

Due to the complex and multidisciplinary nature of out-of-hospital care a strategic and collaborative approach to research capacity-building is essential. Underpinning evidence-based practice is a strong research culture and it is imperative that all clinicians involved in out-of-hospital care have the opportunity to develop knowledge and expertise. IPERN takes a participatory approach to research and our events provide an open and friendly platform for members to engage in research, building a vibrant research community both in Ireland and internationally.
Morphological segmentations of Non-Māori Speaking New Zealanders match proficient speakers
Authors: Panther Forrest , Mattingley Wakayo , Hay Jen , Todd Simon , King Jeanette , Keegan Peter J.
Published: June 2023

Previous research has shown that non-Māori Speaking New Zealanders have extensive latent knowledge of Māori, despite not being able to speak it. This knowledge plausibly derives from a memory store of Māori forms (Oh et al., 2020; Panther et al., 2023). Modelling suggests that this ‘proto-lexicon’ includes not only Māori words, but also word-parts; however, this suggestion has not yet been tested experimentally.

We present the results of a new experiment in which non-Māori speaking New Zealanders and non-New Zealanders were asked to segment a range of Māori words into parts. We show that the degree to which segmentations of non-Māori speakers correlate to the segmentations of two fluent speakers of Māori is stronger among New Zealanders than non-New Zealanders. This research adds to the growing evidence that even in a largely ‘monolingual’ population, there is evidence of latent bilingualism through long-term exposure to a second language.
‘Informed consent is a bit of a joke to me’: lived experiences of insight, coercion, and capabilities in mental health care settings
Authors: Furgalska Magdalena
Published: June 2023

The Independent Review of the Mental Health Act 1983 found that people’s experiences and self-knowledge were mislabelled as a ‘lack of insight’. Insight, a psychiatric concept, is defined as an ability to recognise one’s mental illness, awareness of one’s symptoms and compliance with treatment. Across different jurisdictions, legal scholars have raised concerns about the influence of insight on legal provisions for psychiatric care and mental capacity assessments, given its prevalent use in psychiatry and its absence from statutory criteria. However, outside of these findings, little is known about people’s lived experiences of ‘insight’ and the law. This article draws on narrative and photo-elicitation interviews with psychiatric survivors to argue that insight is an extra-legislative proxy for regulating involuntary detention and other coercion masked as consent. Finally, this article draws on the capabilities approach to deliver a justice argument for creating real opportunities to provide informed consent in mental health settings.
A compact 12 × 12 MIMO loop antenna for 5G mobile phone applications
Authors: Jhuang Ji-Peng , Su Hsin-Lung
Published: June 2023

A compact 12-element multiple-input multiple-output loop antenna array for a fifth-generation (5G) mobile phone is proposed. The operating band for the proposed antenna covers the long-term evolution 42 band, which spans a frequency range of 3.4–3.6 GHz. The size of the single antenna element is 5.85 × 4.9 mm2 (0.068λ0 × 0.057λ0), and 12 of these elements are positioned along two side edges of the mobile phone. This antenna is suitable for high screen-to-body ratio devices. The measured 6-dB impedance bandwidth is from 3.4 to 3.73 GHz. The measured total efficiency of the proposed antenna is 39–56% and the peak gain is 0–3.2 dBi. The transmission coefficient is less than −12 dB, the envelope correlation coefficient is less than 0.42, and the channel capacity is 45–50 bps/Hz.
The Moral Reasoning of Ideology: The Mediating Role of Moral Foundations, Moral Absolutism, and Consistency Norm
Authors: Tsitseli Antonia , Prodromitis Gerasimos
Published: June 2023

Focusing on the ideological and worldview premises of moral reasoning, our study (N= 313) has as a starting point the well-known relationship between morality and distributive justice norms. We examined the serially mediating role of progressiveness on morality, moral absolutism, and consistency norm on the relationship between ideological/worldview perspectives and distributional criteria. Three groups of respondents were formed based on participants’ ideological and worldview perceptions and then serial mediation analysis was conducted. The present findings suggest that morality is predicted by ideology and worldview and predicts attitudes toward the norms of equity and welfare chauvinism, through moral absolutism and interpretations of consistency norm, thus confirming our hypothesis. Moderate Passive Individualists emerged as the group who adopts the most progressive and inclusive attitude towards moral evaluations and practices, while Demobilized Collectivists and Neoliberals maintain a more conservative attitude towards issues that are subjected to moral framing. Our findings shed light on the crucial role of consistency norm, which has not received enough attention until now.
Detecting Symptom Overreporting – Equivalence of the Dutch and German Self-Report Symptom Inventory
Authors: Dandachi-FitzGerald Brechje , Pienkohs Sinja , Merten Thomas , Merckelbach Harald
Published: June 2023

Abstract. The Self-Report Symptom Inventory (SRSI) intends to measure symptom overreporting. To assess the Dutch and German SRSI equivalence, both versions were split into two half-forms. Forty bilingual participants were randomly allocated to two groups that completed the first half in German and the second half in Dutch or vice versa. Each group completed the SRSI honestly and then under feigning instructions. For both conditions, the Dutch and German SRSI did not statistically significantly differ within and across the two groups. For most comparisons, the Bayes factor was ≥ 3, indicating moderate evidence favoring the equivalence of language versions and half-forms. Genuine and pseudosymptoms endorsement was significantly higher in the feigning than in the honest condition (both Zs = 5.44, r rb = 1.00). The SRSI standard cut score correctly identified honest responding and detected 80% of feigned responses. Our results align with Giger and Merten’s (2019) German and French SRSI equivalence study.
Lightning Rings and Gravity Waves: Insights Into the Giant Eruption Plume From Tonga's Hunga Volcano on 15 January 2022
Authors: Van Eaton Alexa R. , Lapierre Jeff , Behnke Sonja A. , Vagasky Chris , Schultz Christopher J. , Pavolonis Michael , Bedka Kristopher , Khlopenkov Konstantin
Published: June 2023

On 15 January 2022, Hunga Volcano in Tonga produced the most violent eruption in the modern satellite era, sending a water‐rich plume at least 58 km high. Using a combination of satellite‐ and ground‐based sensors, we investigate the astonishing rate of volcanic lightning (>2,600 flashes min−1) and what it reveals about the dynamics of the submarine eruption. In map view, lightning locations form radially expanding rings. We show that the initial lightning ring is co‐located with an internal gravity wave traveling >80 m s−1 in the stratospheric umbrella cloud. Buoyant oscillations of the plume's overshooting top generated the gravity waves, which enhanced turbulent particle interactions and triggered high‐current electrical discharges at unusually high altitudes. Our analysis attributes the intense lightning activity to an exceptional mass eruption rate (>5 × 109 kg s−1), rapidly expanding umbrella cloud, and entrainment of abundant seawater vaporized from magma‐water interaction at the submarine vent.
Numerical Simulation of the Large‐Scale Huangtian (China) Landslide‐Generated Impulse Waves by a GPU‐Accelerated Three‐Dimensional Soil‒Water Coupled SPH Model
Authors: Huang Can , Hu Chao , An Yi , Shi Chuanqi , Feng Chun , Wang Huaning , Liu Qingquan , Wang Xiaoliang
Published: June 2023

This work presents an improved soil‒water coupling model to simulate landslide‐generated impulse waves (LGIWs) in a unified smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) framework, where both water flow and landslide motions are modeled by SPH using an interface coupling technique. Graphics processing unit technology based on an open‐source platform DualSPHysics is chosen to employ the landslide dynamics and soil‒water interface coupling to achieve the capability of large‐scale simulation and high‐resolution modeling for three‐dimensional LGIW problems. A subaerial landslide‐generated water waves, is simulated to demonstrate the accuracy and ability of this model. The Huangtian LGIW is then simulated to reproduce the entire disaster chain, including landslide dynamics, fluid‒solid interaction, and surge wave generation. Particle resolution dependence is examined, giving a particle distance of 5.0 m, which can provide a converged landslide deposit and surge wave. The simulation shows that in the Huangtian LGIW, the landslide deposit volume was approximately 41.6 million m3 (600 m width, 768 m length, and 400 m above the still water level), with an immersed landslide volume of 11.3 million m3; for the surge wave, the maximum wave and run‐up heights were 34.3 and 48 m, respectively. These results are within the estimated ranges of both the landslide and surge wave according to limited field survey data. The case study of the Huangtian LGIW provides a typical reference of how to reproduce a reliable whole process of large scale multi‐physical and multiscale LGIW, including full information of landslide dynamics, interface coupling behavior, and surge wave characteristics.
A Comparison of Different Station Data on Revealing the Characteristics of Extreme Hourly Precipitation Over Complex Terrain: The Case of Zhejiang, China
Authors: Wu Mengwen , Dong Meiying , Chen Feng , Yu Zhenshou , Luo Yang
Published: June 2023

Both long‐term but small number of national stations and short‐term but large number of regional stations have been frequently used to study the extreme hourly precipitation (EXHP) in China. However, few studies focus on the differences of the two for revealing the features of EXHP. In this study, the characteristics of EXHP in Zhejiang Province are investigated using three rainfall data sets at three threshold criteria. The comparison between different data sets shows that increasing the station density can better reflect the climatic spatial distribution of EXHP thresholds if long‐term data is absent. The majority of EXHP can be classified into four weather types: the southwesterly wind type (30.7%–48.5%), the trough type (12.2%–23.6%), the tropical cyclone (TC) type (11.4%–17.5%) and the easterly wind type (4.9%–17.9%). The selection of stations is more sensitive to the proportions of the four weather types than the statistical years and threshold criteria. The monthly and diurnal variations of EXHP, as well as their differences revealed by the three data sets, are varied by weather type. Only using national stations cannot distinguish the spatial differences between the TC type and the easterly wind type, and there is an underestimation for southwesterly wind type and trough type in the mountainous area of southwest Zhejiang. The statistical year and station height are the main reasons for the differences in the duration of EXHP events calculated by different data sets, with the TC type having the largest effect and the southwesterly wind type the smallest.
Integrated metasurfaces for re-envisioning a near-future disruptive optical platform
Authors: Yang Younghwan , Seong Junhwa , Choi Minseok , Park Junkyeong , Kim Gyeongtae , Kim Hongyoon , Jeong Junhyeon , Jung Chunghwan , Kim Joohoon , Jeon Gyoseon , Lee Kyung-il , Yoon Dong Hyun , Rho Junsuk
Published: June 2023

Metasurfaces have been continuously garnering attention in both scientific and industrial fields, owing to their unprecedented wavefront manipulation capabilities using arranged subwavelength artificial structures. To date, research has mainly focused on the full control of electromagnetic characteristics, including polarization, phase, amplitude, and even frequencies. Consequently, versatile possibilities of electromagnetic wave control have been achieved, yielding practical optical components such as metalenses, beam-steerers, metaholograms, and sensors. Current research is now focused on integrating the aforementioned metasurfaces with other standard optical components (e.g., light-emitting diodes, charged-coupled devices, micro-electro-mechanical systems, liquid crystals, heaters, refractive optical elements, planar waveguides, optical fibers, etc.) for commercialization with miniaturization trends of optical devices. Herein, this review describes and classifies metasurface-integrated optical components, and subsequently discusses their promising applications with metasurface-integrated optical platforms including those of augmented/virtual reality, light detection and ranging, and sensors. In conclusion, this review presents several challenges and prospects that are prevalent in the field in order to accelerate the commercialization of metasurfaces-integrated optical platforms.
Quorum quenching by a type IVA secretion system effector
Authors: Liao Jinxing , Li Zihan , Xiong Dan , Shen Danyu , Wang Limin , Lin Long , Shao Xiaolong , Liao Lisheng , Li Peng , Zhang Li-Qun , Wang Hai-Hong , Qian Guoliang
Published: June 2023

Proteobacteria primarily utilize acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) as quorum-sensing signals for intra-/interspecies communication to control pathogen infections. Enzymatic degradation of AHL represents the major quorum-quenching mechanism that has been developed as a promising approach to prevent bacterial infections. Here we identified a novel quorum-quenching mechanism revealed by an effector of the type IVA secretion system (T4ASS) in bacterial interspecies competition. We found that the soil antifungal bacterium Lysobacter enzymogenes OH11 (OH11) could use T4ASS to deliver the effector protein Le1288 into the cytoplasm of another soil microbiome bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens 2P24 (2P24). Le1288 did not degrade AHL, whereas its delivery to strain 2P24 significantly impaired AHL production through binding to the AHL synthase PcoI. Therefore, we defined Le1288 as LqqE1 (Lysobacterquorum-quenching effector 1). Formation of the LqqE1-PcoI complex enabled LqqE1 to block the ability of PcoI to recognize/bind S-adenosy-L-methionine, a substrate required for AHL synthesis. This LqqE1-triggered interspecies quorum-quenching in bacteria seemed to be of key ecological significance, as it conferred strain OH11 a better competitive advantage in killing strain 2P24 via cell-to-cell contact. This novel quorum-quenching also appeared to be adopted by other T4ASS-production bacteria. Our findings suggest a novel quorum-quenching that occurred naturally in bacterial interspecies interactions within the soil microbiome by effector translocation. Finally, we presented two case studies showing the application potential of LqqE1 to block AHL signaling in the human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum.
Dynamic interplay between target search and recognition for a Type I CRISPR-Cas system
Authors: Aldag Pierre , Rutkauskas Marius , Madariaga-Marcos Julene , Songailiene Inga , Sinkunas Tomas , Kemmerich Felix , Kauert Dominik , Siksnys Virginijus , Seidel Ralf
Published: June 2023

CRISPR-Cas effector complexes enable the defense against foreign nucleic acids and have recently been exploited as molecular tools for precise genome editing at a target locus. To bind and cleave their target, the CRISPR-Cas effectors have to interrogate the entire genome for the presence of a matching sequence. Here we dissect the target search and recognition process of the Type I CRISPR-Cas complex Cascade by simultaneously monitoring DNA binding and R-loop formation by the complex. We directly quantify the effect of DNA supercoiling on the target recognition probability and demonstrate that Cascade uses facilitated diffusion for its target search. We show that target search and target recognition are tightly linked and that DNA supercoiling and limited 1D diffusion need to be considered when understanding target recognition and target search by CRISPR-Cas enzymes and engineering more efficient and precise variants.