bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integration of genetic, transcriptomic, and clinical data provides insight into 16p11.2 and 22q11.2 CNV genes
Authors: Vysotskiy Mikhail , Zhong Xue , Miller-Fleming Tyne W. , Zhou Dan ,   Autism Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium^,   Bipolar Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium^,   Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium^, Cox Nancy J. , Weiss Lauren A.
Published: October 2021

Background

Deletions and duplications of the multigenic 16p11.2 and 22q11.2 copy number variant (CNV) regions are associated with brain-related disorders including schizophrenia, intellectual disability, obesity, bipolar disorder, and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The contribution of individual CNV genes to each of these identified phenotypes is unknown, as well as the contribution of these CNV genes to other potentially subtler health implications for carriers. Hypothesizing that DNA copy number exerts most effects via impacts on RNA expression, we attempted a novel in silico fine-mapping approach in non-CNV carriers using both GWAS and biobank data.

Methods

We first asked whether gene expression level in any individual gene in the CNV region alters risk for a known CNV-associated behavioral phenotype(s). Using transcriptomic imputation, we performed association testing for CNV genes within large genotyped cohorts for schizophrenia, IQ, BMI, bipolar disorder, and ASD. Second, we used a biobank containing electronic health data to compare the medical phenome of CNV carriers to controls within 700,000 individuals in order to investigate the full spectrum of health effects of the CNVs. Third, we used genotypes for over 48,000 individuals within the biobank to perform phenome-wide association studies between imputed expressions of individual 16p11.2 and 22q11.2 genes and over 1500 health traits.

Results

Using large genotyped cohorts, we found individual genes within 16p11.2 associated with schizophrenia (TMEM219, INO80E, YPEL3), BMI (TMEM219, SPN, TAOK2, INO80E), and IQ (SPN), using conditional analysis to identify upregulation of INO80E as the driver of schizophrenia, and downregulation of SPN and INO80E as increasing BMI. We identified both novel and previously observed over-represented traits within the electronic health records of 16p11.2 and 22q11.2 CNV carriers. In the phenome-wide association study, we found seventeen significant gene-trait pairs, including psychosis (NPIPB11, SLX1B) and mood disorders (SCARF2), and overall enrichment of mental traits.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate how integration of genetic and clinical data aids in understanding CNV gene function and implicates pleiotropy and multigenicity in CNV biology.
The complete genome sequence of a bile-isolated Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ZT1
Authors: Zhang Min , Li Lixiang , Pan Hongwei , Zhou Tao
Published: October 2021

Background

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is one of the most frequently isolated opportunistic pathogens that can cause infections in humans. Many researches concerned the mechanism of antibiotic resistance displayed by S. maltophilia, however, the mechanism of its pathogenesis and its adaptation to special niches, such as bile, remain unclear.

Results

In this study, the S. maltophilia strain ZT1 was isolated from human bile. Its genome was sequenced and a circular chromosome of 4,391,471 bp was obtained with a GC content of 66.51%. There were 3962 protein-coding sequences, 7 rRNAs and 74 tRNAs in the chromosome. Compared with Virulence Factor Database, we identified more than 500 candidate virulence genes including genes encoding fimbrial assembly protein, enterobactin synthesis pathway proteins, efflux pumps, and the DNA and/or proteins secretion system in the genome of strain ZT1. Additionally, there were at least 22 genes related to bile adaption, including emrAB, acrRAB, galU, rfbC, tolC and mdtABC.

Conclusions

This is the first study to reveal the whole genome sequence of the ZT1 strain of S. maltophilia isolated from human bile. We identified hundreds virulence factors and 22 bile adaptation-related genes in the genome of the S. maltophilia strain ZT1. Further comparative genomic analysis and functional verification would aid in understanding the pathogenesis and bile adaptation of S. maltophilia.
Malignant pericardial effusion as a primary manifestation of metastatic colon cancer: a case report
Authors: Neves Milena Brachmans Mascarenhas , Stival Mirella Velasco , Neves Yuri Costa Sarno , da Silva Jordânia Gonçalves Pereira , Macedo Daniela Borges da Rocha , Carnevalli Bianca Mendes , Silva Alana Moura Fé e , Sette Claudia Vaz de Melo , da Luz Stephane Tomaz , Cubero Daniel de Iracema Gomes
Published: October 2021

Background

Pericardial neoplastic involvement is rarely related to primary tumors of the pericardium and is most often caused by spread from other primary sites, such as lung and breast carcinomas, hematological malignancies (lymphoma and leukemia), and melanoma. Although pericardial metastasis from infradiaphragmatic tumors (such as colon cancers) are rare and poorly described in literature, any neoplasm has the potential to metastasize to the pericardium and heart by either contiguity, lymphatic, or hematological spread.

Case presentation

A 44-year-old previously healthy male Causasian patient had a sudden onset of dyspnea and wheezing. During investigation with echocardiogram, computed tomography and repeated pericardiocentesis, the cause of malignant pericardial effusion was confirmed as primary manifestation of metastatic colon cancer. The patient was treated with appropriate chemotherapy and presented satisfactory disease control.

Conclusions

This report emphasizes the importance of considering the diagnostic hypothesis of occult neoplasia in a patient with pericardial effusion.
Dietary supplementation of red-osier dogwood polyphenol extract changes the ileal microbiota structure and increases Lactobacillus in a pig model
Authors: Zheng Shugui , Song Jichen , Qin Xia , Yang Kai , Liu Mei , Yang Chengbo , Nyachoti Charles M.
Published: October 2021

Red-osier dogwood (ROD) extract contains a lot of polyphenols that have the potential for modulation of gut microbiota. However, little information is available about its prebiotic properties. This study investigated the impact of ROD polyphenol extract on the ileal microbiota with dietary supplementation of ROD polyphenol extract in a pig model. The data indicated that supplementation of ROD polyphenol extract significantly increased class Bacilli, order Lactobacillales and family lactobacillaceae. Within family lactobacillaceae, Lactobacillus was the main responder by increasing from 5.92% to 35.09%. Further analysis showed that ROD polyphenol extract improved two species Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Lactobacillus mucus. The results of this study suggested that ROD polyphenol extract has the potential to play prebiotic role and confer health benefit through modifying gut microbiota.
Alcohol dependence in a community sample of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians: harms, getting help and awareness of local treatments
Authors: Weatherall Teagan J. , Conigrave James H. , Conigrave Katherine M. , Perry Jimmy , Wilson Scott , Room Robin , Chikritzhs Tanya , Kylie Lee K. S.
Published: October 2021

Background

Few studies have examined links between current alcohol dependence and specific harms among Indigenous Australians. We investigated these associations as well as help seeking for drinking, awareness of local treatments and recommendations to help family or friends cut down or stop drinking in two Indigenous communities.

Methods

A representative sample of Indigenous Australians was surveyed in one urban and one remote community in South Australia. Data were collected via the Grog Survey App. Participants were dependent if they reported two or more symptoms of alcohol dependence (ICD-11). Pearson chi-square tests were used to describe relationships between employment by gender, and dependence by awareness of medicines and local treatment options. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to predict the odds of dependent drinkers experiencing harms and getting help for drinking, controlling for age, gender, schooling and income.

Results

A total of 775 Indigenous Australians took part in the study. After controlling for confounders, dependent drinkers were nearly eight times more likely to report a harm and nearly three times more likely to get help for their drinking—compared with non-dependent drinkers. Participants recommended accessing local support from an Aboriginal alcohol and other drugs worker, or a detoxification/ rehabilitation service.

Discussion and conclusions

More support and funding is needed for Indigenous Australians to ensure local treatment options for dependent drinkers are readily available, appropriate and accessible. Involvement of local Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander health professionals in delivery of care can help ensure that it is appropriate to an individual’s culture and context.
The KOALA-study: study protocol for a comprehensive study of cognitive biases in adolescent anorexia nervosa patients compared to healthy and clinical controls
Authors: Sfärlea Anca , Lukas Linda , Schulte-Körne Gerd , Platt Belinda
Published: October 2021

Background

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is characterized by dysfunctional cognitions including cognitive biases at various levels of information processing. However, less is known about the specificity of these biases, i.e., if they occur for eating-disorder-related information alone or also for non-eating-disorder-related emotional information in AN patients (content-specificity) and if they are unique to individuals with AN or are also shown by individuals with other mental disorders (disorder-specificity).

Methods

The present study systematically assesses cognitive biases in 12–18-year-old female adolescents with AN on three levels of information processing (attention, interpretation, and memory) and with regard to two types of information content (eating-disorder-related, i.e., stimuli related to body weight and shape, and non-eating-disorder-related). To address not only content- but also disorder-specificity, adolescents with AN will be compared not only to a healthy control group but also to a clinical control group (adolescents with major depression or particular anxiety disorders). Cognitive biases are assessed within a single experimental paradigm based on the Scrambled Sentences Task. During the task eye movements are recorded in order to assess attention biases while interpretation biases are derived from the behavioural outcome. An incidental free recall test afterwards assesses memory biases. We expect adolescents with AN to show more pronounced negative cognitive biases on all three levels of information processing and for both types of content compared to healthy adolescents. In addition, we expect the specificity of biases to translate into differential results for the two types of content: AN patients are expected to show stronger biases for disorder-related stimuli but similar or less pronounced biases for non-disorder-related stimuli compared to the clinical control group.

Discussion

This is the first study to comprehensively assess cognitive biases in adolescents with AN. It will have essential implications not only for cognitive-behavioural models of AN but also for subsequent studies aiming to modify cognitive biases in this population, thereby addressing important maintaining factors already at an early stage of the disorder.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Impact of rural tourism on residents’ well-being in traditional ancient villages: a case of North Guangxi
Authors: Zhang Xin
Published: October 2021

The impact of tourism on traditional Chinese villages is a topical issue; there are enough studies on this subject showing different views of the researchers. The recent trend towards cultural mutation and gradual disappearance of ancient traditions in rural areas is evident in developing countries. The study aims to examine the impact of rural tourism development on Chinese villagers’ welfare. The research data were collected in 2010 and 2020 by a survey method. Since the survey relies heavily on respondents’ perceptions, the survey results are somewhat subjective. However, the pretest–posttest study design partially solved this problem. Statistical processing was performed using the Student’s t-test; all data sets were checked for the normality of the distribution. The study concluded that there has been a significant socio-economic improvement in rural areas in the last decade (expansion of population’s purchasing power, enrichment of the cultural sphere), but despite this there is a tendency of migration from the villages to the cities, which is explained by gaps in regional policy.
Plant-based nanoparticles prepared from protein containing tribenuron-methyl: fabrication, characterization, and application
Authors: Heydari Moslem , Yousefi Ali Reza , Nikfarjam Nasser , Rahdar Abbas , Kyzas George Z. , Bilal Muhammad
Published: October 2021

Background

Tribenuron-methyl is a registered herbicide for broad-leaf weed control in wheat, however, low solubility in water and reacting with hard water's ions could substantially decrease its efficacy. The present work aimed to enhance the dispersing and bioactivity of this herbicide by developing nanoparticles using zein as a promising nano-delivery system and to assess the effects of nanoparticles on the efficacy of tribenuron-methyl in the suppression of Convolvulus arvensis as a problematic weed in wheat fields.

Results

Based on SEM analyses nanoparticles sizes were 80–120 nm. DLS results showed an average size of 170 nm for tribenuron-methyl zein-based nanoparticles (TMZNP-5). The entrapment efficiency (EE%) of tribenuron-methyl inside the zein nanoparticles was ca. 81% ± 3. Five-week after application of tribenuron-methyl nanoparticles on C. arvensis, it was able to reduce the dry weight (53%), acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzyme activity (82%), and plant height (77%) of C. arvensis as compared with untreated plants. Additionally, tribenuron-methyl used in nanoparticles at the half rate of the recommended dose had the same efficacy as commercial tribenuron-methyl.

Conclusion

Based on these results, zein nanoparticles can be potentially utilized as nanocarriers for enhancing the solubility of tribenuron-methyl to further enhance its bioavailability and performance on sensitive weeds.

Graphic abstract
Microscopic studies on severing properties of actin-binding protein: its potential use in therapeutic treatment of actin-rich inclusions
Authors: Kim Han-ul , Bharda Anahita Vispi , Moon Jeong Chan , Jeoung Dooil , Chung Jeong Min , Jung Hyun Suk
Published: October 2021

Actin is an important unit of the cytoskeletal system, involved in many cellular processes including cell motility, signaling, and intracellular trafficking. Various studies have been undertaken to understand the regulatory mechanisms pertaining actin functions, especially the ones controlled by actin-binding proteins. However, not much has been explored about the molecular aspects of these proteins implicated in various diseases. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the molecular properties of gelsolin, an actin-severing protein on the disassembly of the aggregation of actin-rich intracellular inclusions, Hirano body. We observed a decreasing tendency of actin aggregation by co-sedimentation assay and transmission electron microscopy in the presence of gelsolin. Therefore, we provide suggestive evidence for the use of actin-severing protein in novel therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative conditions.
Association between intensive care unit admission of a patient and mental disorders in the spouse: a retrospective matched-pair cohort study
Authors: Miyamoto Yuki , Ohbe Hiroyuki , Goto Tadahiro , Yasunaga Hideo
Published: October 2021

Background

Previous prospective studies have suggested that spouses of patients who are admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) have a high prevalence of mental disorders, termed post-intensive care syndrome-family (PICS-F). However, it remains unclear whether the patient’s ICU admission is associated with the occurrence of mental disorders in the spouse outside of the prospective study setting. We therefore investigated the proportion of ICU patients’ spouses who visited medical facilities for mental disorders and the association between ICU admission of a patient and mental disorders in the spouse using real-world data.

Methods

This was a retrospective matched-pair cohort study using commercially available, routinely collected administrative claims data. As the study population, we identified all married couples (both wife and husband) who were registered in the database from 1 April 2012 to 31 August 2018 using family identification codes. We identified spouses of patients who were admitted to the ICU for more than 2 days as the exposure group and defined the date of admission to the ICU as the index date. We randomly matched four individuals in the non-exposure group with one individual in the exposure group. The primary outcome was any PICS-F–related mental disorder in the spouses within 6 months from the index date. As a sensitivity analysis, we also investigated the proportion and association of individuals (excluding spouses) with a history of mental disorders.

Results

Among 1,082,208 married couples, we identified 8490 spouses of ICU patients, and they were matched with 33,946 individuals. The proportion of any PICS-F–related mental disorder within 6 months from the index date was 12.8% in ICU patients’ spouses and 11.3% in the matched individuals (adjusted odds ratio, 1.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.42). The sensitivity analysis showed significant associations between ICU admission and spouses’ mental disorders.

Conclusions

Spouses of patients who were admitted to the ICU had a slightly higher risk of mental disorders within 6 months than spouses of patients who were not admitted to the ICU.
The mechanism and pattern of injuries of undocumented immigrants crossing the Texas-Mexico border along the Rio Grande Valley
Authors: Palacio Carlos H. , Cruz Bianca , Vanier Cheryl , Cano Jose , Scott Bradford G.
Published: October 2021

Background

Apprehensions of undocumented immigrants in the Rio Grande Valley sector of the U.S.-Mexico border have grown to account for nearly half of all apprehensions at the border. The purpose of this study is to report the prevalence, mechanism, and pattern of traumatic injuries sustained by undocumented immigrants who crossed the U.S.-Mexico border at the Rio Grande Valley sector over a span of 5 years and were treated at a local American College of Surgeons verified Level II trauma center.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was conducted from January 2014 to December 2019. Demographics, comorbidities, injury severity score (ISS), mechanism of injury, anatomical part of the body affected, hospital and ICU length of stay (LOS), and treatment costs were analyzed. Descriptive statistics for demographics, injury location and cause, and temporal trends are reported. The impact of ISS or surgical intervention on hospital LOS was analyzed using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).

Results

Of 178 patients, 65.2% were male with an average age of 31 (range 0–67) years old and few comorbidities (88.8%) or social risk factors (86%). Patients most commonly sustained injuries secondary to a border fence-related incident (33.7%), fleeing (22.5%), or motor vehicle accident (16.9%). There were no clear temporal trends in the total number of patients injured, or in causes of injury, between 2014 and 2019. The majority of patients (60.7%) sustained extremity injuries, followed by spine injuries (20.2%). Border fence-related incidents and fleeing increased risk of extremity injuries (Odds ratio (OR) > 3; p < 0.005), whereas motor vehicle accidents increased risk of head and chest injuries (OR > 4; p < 0.004). Extremity injuries increased the odds (OR: 9.4, p < 0.001) that surgery would be required. Surgical intervention was common (64%), and the median LOS of patients who underwent surgery was 3 days more than those who did not (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

In addition to border fence related injuries, undocumented immigrants also sustained injuries while fleeing and in motor vehicle accidents, among others. Extremity injuries, which were more likely with border fence-related incidents, were the most common type. This type of injury often requires surgical intervention and, therefore, a longer hospital stay for severe injuries.
Arthroscopic management of elbow stiffness
Authors: Sanchez-Sotelo Joaquin
Published: October 2021

The elbow is particularly prone to stiffness. Loss of elbow motion is very limiting, and can be the result of trauma, primary osteoarthritis, heterotopic ossification and other conditions. Several exposures have been described for open elbow contracture release. Although a few decades ago elbow arthroscopy was considered only for diagnosis and removal of loose bodies, contemporary arthroscopic techniques allow successful management of the majority of conditions leading to elbow stiffness. Careful patient evaluation, use of advanced imaging studies, and acquisition of appropriate surgical skills are essential for the successful arthroscopic management of the stiff elbow. This expert opinion reviews some fundamentals of elbow stiffness as well as principles for the evaluation and arthroscopic management of the stiff elbow.
The composition of mixed-species flocks of birds in and around Chitwan National Park, Nepal
Authors: Gosai Kamal Raj , Goodale Eben
Published: October 2021

Background

Mixed-species flocks (MSFs) have been well sampled in the South Asia, but there has been as yet surprisingly little work on MSFs of Nepal, despite a diverse and well-studied avifauna. We surveyed MSFs in two forest types in and around the Important Bird Area of Chitwan National Park in Nepal, between 150 and 800 m a.s.l., to provide a first description of the composition of MSFs in this area. We also aimed to understand which species should be considered ‘nuclear species’, important to forming MSFs or leading them forward.

Results

In total, we collected records on 222 MSFs that included 100 species, and 6097 individuals. The MSFs were similar to worldwide patterns in being dominated by leaf-gleaning, non-terrestrial insectivores. However, the MSFs were more dominated by canopy species than usual, and did not have a clear gregarious, understory leading species. Rather drongos (Family Dicruridae) and minivets (Family Campephagidae, GenusPericrocotus) acted as leaders, and a cluster analysis of composition showed one group of large body size MSFs particularly characterized by the presence of the Greater Racket-tailed Drongo (Dicrurus paradiseus).

Conclusions

Drongos are known to provide both costs and benefits to other flock participants: they are aggressive birds that can steal food, and manipulate other species with their vocalizations, but at the same time they are ‘sentinel species’ that produce information about predation risk other species can use. This study demonstrates that drongos can be considered nuclear species for some types of MSFs, despite the potential costs of their presence. MSFs led by sentinel species thus may form in Asia, as well as in the Neotropics.
Allergens of the urushiol family promote mitochondrial dysfunction by inhibiting the electron transport at the level of cytochromes b and chemically modify cytochrome c1
Authors: Pacheco Rodrigo , Quezada Sergio A. , Kalergis Alexis M. , Becker María Inés , Ferreira Jorge , De Ioannes Alfredo E.
Published: October 2021

Background

Urushiols are pro-electrophilic haptens that cause severe contact dermatitis mediated by CD8+effector T-cells and downregulated by CD4+T-cells. However, the molecular mechanism by which urushiols stimulate innate immunity in the initial stages of this allergic reaction is poorly understood. Here we explore the sub-cellular mechanisms by which urushiols initiate the allergic response.

Results

Electron microscopy observations of mouse ears exposed to litreol (3-n-pentadecyl-10-enyl-catechol]) showed keratinocytes containing swollen mitochondria with round electron-dense inclusion bodies in the matrix. Biochemical analyses of sub-mitochondrial fractions revealed an inhibitory effect of urushiols on electron flow through the mitochondrial respiratory chain, which requires both the aliphatic and catecholic moieties of these allergens. Moreover, urushiols extracted from poison ivy/oak (mixtures of 3-n-pentadecyl-8,11,13 enyl/3-n-heptadecyl-8,11 enyl catechol) exerted a higher inhibitory effect on mitochondrial respiration than did pentadecyl catechol or litreol, indicating that the higher number of unsaturations in the aliphatic chain, stronger the allergenicity of urushiols. Furthermore, the analysis of radioactive proteins isolated from mitochondria incubated with3H-litreol, indicated that this urushiol was bound to cytochrome c1. According to the proximity of cytochromes c1and b, functional evidence indicated the site of electron flow inhibition was within complex III, in between cytochromes bL(cyt b566) and bH(cyt b562).

Conclusion

Our data provide functional and molecular evidence indicating that the interruption of the mitochondrial electron transport chain constitutes an important mechanism by which urushiols initiates the allergic response. Thus, mitochondria may constitute a source of cellular targets for generating neoantigens involved in the T-cell mediated allergy induced by urushiols.
The effects of pediatric primary prevention programs on screen-time and reading habits of children in Jordan
Authors: Yousuf Mustafa S. , Harvey Heather Lea , Parahoo Sanjai K. , Ziadeh Basil Shawkat , Kilani Muna , Al-Kamil Eman
Published: October 2021

The proliferation of electronic content and limited exposure of children to books in Jordan has made both parents and health-care providers more concerned about healthy child development. This research aimed to determine if pediatric primary prevention programs were helpful in reducing screen-time and improving reading habits of children in Jordan, and if there was a correlation between these two factors. Parents attended classes on various topics, one of which dealt with screen-time and reading. Six months later, they were surveyed on these topics. The test group (took the relevant class) and control group (did not take the class) included 30 families each. The mean screen-time was above the recommended guideline of 2 h/day in both groups. Only 37% of the families in the test group, and 17% in the control group followed the guideline. A significant difference in screen-time between the groups was found only during weekends. When asked about the ideal screen-time, parents from the test group reported screen-times that were significantly closer to the recommendations, showing an increase in knowledge, but not a significant change in behavior. Parents, also, believed that children’s exposure to books should be at the much later age of 3–4 years, with actual exposure being < 1 h/day. Moreover, no correlation was found between screen-time and reading time. These findings suggest that short, evidence-based classes helped raise awareness, but were not sufficient for parents to fully adopt the guidelines. Programs that promote behavior modification should be explored to reinforce knowledge gained from educational classes.
Treatment of multiple huge liver cysts in a hybrid operating room: a case report
Authors: Ishikawa Sho , Kuroda Shintaro , Chosa Keigo , Okada Kenjiro , Tanimine Naoki , Tahara Hiroyuki , Ohira Masahiro , Ide Kentaro , Kobayashi Tsuyoshi , Ohdan Hideki
Published: October 2021

Background

Liver cysts are common, with most cases being asymptomatic. In symptomatic cases, the disease is amenable to treatment. However, huge or multiple liver cysts with vascular narrowing and associated systemic symptoms are extremely rare. Furthermore, the performance of a reliable and effective surgery in such cases remains a major problem. Here, we report a case of multiple giant liver cysts with impaired blood flow surgically treated in a hybrid operating room.

Case presentation

A 73-year-old male presented to a previous doctor with leg edema and dyspnea on exertion; computed tomography revealed that the cause complaint was right lung and heart compression and inferior vena cava (IVC) stenosis due to huge liver cysts in the caudal lobe. The patient was referred to our hospital because of disease recurrence despite percutaneous aspiration of the cyst. Multiple liver cysts were observed in addition to the drained cysts, two of which were located on both sides of the IVC and caused IVC stenosis. We performed open surgery for the liver cysts and used the hybrid operating room for intraoperative IVC angiography and measuring the hepatic vein and portal vein (PV) pressure. We performed unroofing of the hepatic cyst and cauterization of the cyst wall on the hepatic side. Angiography was performed before and after unroofing of the liver cysts, and IVC stenosis release was confirmed. IVC pressure measured at the peripheral side of the stenosis and PV pressures were continuously measured during surgery and were confirmed to have decreased during the opening of the liver cysts. The patient had a good postoperative course and was discharged on the 10th postoperative day. No recurrence was observed 6 months postoperatively.

Conclusions

Cyst unroofing surgery using angiography in a hybrid operating room is a useful treatment for deep hepatic lesions in that vascular stenosis improvement can be intraoperatively confirmed. Moreover, in cases wherein the cyst compresses the vasculature, intraoperative monitoring of IVC and PV pressures can be used to prove that the liver cyst is hemodynamically involved.
Prevalence, Characteristics, Association Factors of and Management Strategies for Low Back Pain Among Italian Amateur Cyclists: an Observational Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Battista Simone , Sansone Lucia Grazia , Testa Marco
Published: October 2021

Background

Low back pain (LBP) is a burdensome problem affecting amateur cyclists. This cross-sectional study analysed Italian amateur cycling cohort’s demographic and sport-specific characteristics, the prevalence and characteristics of LBP among this population, its possible association factors, the management strategies adopted to deal with LBP and the sample’s beliefs among possible LBP triggers. A web-based cross-sectional survey was created. The questionnaire included 56 questions divided into six sections, querying the sample’s demographic, clinical, and cycling characteristics. Binomial logistic regression with a Wald backward method was performed to ascertain the effects of some covariates (“Sex”, “Age”, “Body Mass Index”, “Sleep hours”, “Work type”, “Cycling year”, “Number of training sessions per week”, “Stretching sessions”, “Being supervised by a coach or following a scheduled training”, “Other sports practised regularly”, “Number of cycling competitions per year”, “Past biomechanic visits”, “Specific pedal training”, “LBP before cycling”) on the likelihood of developing LBP in the last 12 months.

Results

A total of 1274 amateur cyclists answered the survey. The prevalence of LBP appeared to be 55.1%, 26.5% and 10.8% in life, in the last 12 months and the last 4 weeks, respectively. The final model of the logistic regression included the covariates “Sex”, “Work type”, “Cycling year”, “Being supervised by a coach or following a scheduled training”, “Other sports practised regularly”, “Specific pedal training”, “LBP before cycling”, among which “Cycling year” (variable “Between 2 and 5 years” vs. “Less than 2 years”, OR 0.48, 95% CI [0.26–0.89]), “Being supervised by a coach or following a scheduled training” (OR 0.53, 95% CI [0.37–0.74]), “Specific pedal training” (OR 0.69, 95% CI [0.51–0.94]), and “LBP before cycling” (OR 4.2, 95% CI [3.21–5.40]) were found to be significant.

Conclusions

The prevalence of LBP among Italian amateur cyclists seems to be less frequent compared to the general population. Moreover, undergoing previous specific pedal training and being supervised by a coach or following scheduled training drew a negative association with LBP development. This evidence highlights the importance of being overseen by specific sport figures that could offer a tailored evidence-based training to reach good physical level and to practise sports safely.
Using the Behaviour Change Wheel to design an intervention for partner abusive men in drug and alcohol treatment
Authors: Gilchrist Elizabeth , Johnson Amy , McMurran Mary , Stephens-Lewis Danielle , Kirkpatrick Sara , Gardner Benjamin , Easton Caroline , Gilchrist Gail
Published: October 2021

Background

We aimed to establish what core elements were required in a group therapy programme for men who disclose perpetrating intimate partner abuse in a substance use setting and develop, and test the feasibility of delivering an intervention in this setting.

Methods

We describe the theoretical development and feasibility testing of an integrated substance use and intimate partner abuse intervention (‘ADVANCE’) for delivery in substance use services. We employed a comprehensive eight-stage process to guide this development applying the ‘COM-B’ (‘capability’, ‘opportunity’, ‘motivation’ and ‘behaviour’) model for intervention design which specifies the following: (1) define the problem, (2) select the target behaviour, (3) specify the target behaviour, (4) identify what needs to change, (5) identify intervention functions, (6) identify policy categories, (7) select behaviour change techniques, and (8) design a mode of delivery. The development was informed by primary research conducted by the authors, consulting with organisation steering groups and by those with personal experiences. The identified targets for intervention and mode and method of delivery were then refined over 4 intervention development meetings, using the nominal group technique with the ADVANCE experts, then further refined following consultation with service user groups and wider expert groups via a learning alliance meetings.

Results

Our final intervention, the ADVANCE intervention consisted of a group intervention comprising of up to four pre-group individual interviews, followed by 12 × 2-h group sessions supported by integrated safety work for victim/survivors, and risk and safety support and integrity support for the professionals. The main targets for change were personal goal planning, self-regulation, and attitudes and beliefs supporting intimate partner abuse. The intervention was regarded as very acceptable to both staff and clients in substance use services, with group attendees reported positive behaviour changes and development of new skills.

Conclusion

We have demonstrated the ability to employ a structured eight-step process to develop an integrated intervention to address substance use-related intimate partner abuse that is acceptable to staff and clients in substance use services. This led to a feasibility study (ISRCTN 79435190) involving 104 men and 30 staff at three different locations across the UK was conducted to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention and to refine the content and approach to delivery (BMC Public Health, 21: 980, 2021).
Adherence to antihypertensive medications in rural Lao PDR: a prospective observational study
Authors: Takahashi Emiri , Vilay Phoutnalong , Chanthakoummane Ketmany , Pongvongsa Tiengkham , Kounnavong Sengchanh , Kano Shigeyuki , Kobayashi Jun , Nonaka Daisuke
Published: October 2021

Background

Although hypertension is becoming more prevalent among the adult population of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR), with a prevalence of approximately 20% in 2013, treatment adherence of patients with hypertension, especially those in rural areas, remains poorly understood. The objective of the present study was to examine the rate of medication adherence to antihypertensive medicines among outpatients with hypertension in rural districts of the Savannakhet.

Methods

A prospective observational study was conducted in Xepon, Phin, and Nong districts. The study population was outpatients aged 18 years or older who were prescribed antihypertensive medicines at three district hospitals between February and August 2017. Data were collected on the first day of treatment (day 0) and the day of follow-up (around day 7) through interviews with the patients and outpatient registration books. The medication adherence rate was determined using the four-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale. The level of adherence was evaluated by the sum of the scale, with scores ranging from 0 to 4 points. The adherent group, namely those with a score of 0, and the non-adherent group, namely those with scores of 1 to 4 points, were compared. Fisher’s exact test was used to identify factors associated with medication adherence.

Results

Of the 68 patients examined, 38.2% newly began treatment. Half of the patients (n = 34, 50.0%, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.62) adhered to medication instructions. The adherent group was more likely to have received written instructions when prescribed medication, compared to the non-adherent group (79.4% vs 55.9%, p = 0.068). Those who perceived that hypertension needs lifelong treatment were significantly more likely to adhere to the medication regimen (p = 0.028).

Conclusions

Medication adherence was present among 50% of outpatients with hypertension who visited a district hospital. Therefore, providing written instructions to patients would be effective for improving medication adherence.
Physiotherapists’ perception of physicians’ referral of patients for physiotherapy in the Nigerian health system
Authors: Okonkwo Uchenna Prosper , Ihegihu Ebere Yvonne , Maruf Fatai Adesina , Umunnah Joseph Onuwa , Maduagwu Stanley Monday , Okoye Emmanuel Chiebuka , Okeke Chukwuebuka Olisaemeka
Published: October 2021

Background

As the physiotherapy profession gradually evolves into a more autonomous profession, physicians continue to play a major role in the clinical practice of physical therapists globally, particularly as a source of patient referral. Therefore, an evaluation of Nigerian physiotherapists’ (NPTs) perception of physician’s referral (PR) of patients for physiotherapy may be a critical indicator of the relationship between the two professionals in the Nigerian health sector. The objective of the study was to determine the perception of Nigerian NPTs on the PR of patients for physiotherapy and the influence of demographic characteristics on the perception. The study was an online survey involving one hundred and fifty-four respondents. The instrument for the study was an 11-item self-developed questionnaire with two domains: demographics and perception. The participants were blind respondents reached through different physiotherapists’ WhatsApp platforms in Nigeria. The responses were collated electronically after 2 months and analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.

Results

The respondents have a negative perception of the 9 out of the 11-questionnaire items that were used to test the physiotherapists’ perception of the physicians’ referral of patients for physiotherapy in Nigeria health facilities. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) across the respondents’ gender, place of employment, areas of specialization, and educational qualifications and the respondents’ perception of doctors’ referrals of patients for physiotherapy. However, there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in each of the participants’ perceptions across the respondents’ years of practice, with the participants who had less than 5 years of practice having the least score.

Conclusions

Nigerian physiotherapists have a negative perception of physicians’ referral of patients for physiotherapy, and the perception was only influenced by the years of practice of the respondents.
Current concerns about mental health in Bangladesh
Authors: Skuse David
Published: October 2021

This month's issue of BJPsych International focuses on Bangladesh, one of the most densely populated countries in the world and geographically vulnerable to a wide range of natural disasters. Mental health has been deteriorating since the COVID-19 crisis, but few psychiatrists and clinical psychologists are available to manage the consequences.
Increased suicidal ideation in the COVID-19 pandemic: an employee cohort in Japan
Authors: Sasaki Natsu , Kuroda Reiko , Tsuno Kanami , Imamura Kotaro , Kawakami Norito
Published: October 2021

Objectives

This study investigated the change in suicidal ideation and its risk factors among employees. A longitudinal cohort study was conducted, starting with the baseline online survey in March 2020 (T1), followed by May (T2), and August (T3). The change in suicidal ideation from T2 to T3 and relevant factors associated with suicidal ideation at T3 were examined. Suicidal ideation significantly increased between May and August 2020 among females, younger (under 39 years old), highly educated population, and those without pre-existing mental health conditions. Factors significantly associated with suicidal ideation were younger age, suicidal ideation at T2, and with pre-existing mental health conditions. Loneliness at T2 showed a significant association with suicidal ideation, if adjusting those without pre-existing mental health conditions. National and community support is needed to target people who are likely to be left behind, such as young people and those with pre-existing mental health conditions, in the pandemic.

Method

A longitudinal study was conducted with a cohort of full-time employees, starting with the baseline online survey in March 2020 (time point 1), followed by May (time point 2) and August (time point 3). The change in suicidal ideation from time point 2 to 3, and relevant factors associated with suicidal ideation at time point 3, were examined.

Results

Suicidal ideation significantly increased between time points 2 and 3 among women, younger people (aged <39 years), those who were highly educated and those without pre-existing mental health conditions. Factors significantly associated with suicidal ideation were younger age, suicidal ideation at time point 2 and pre-existing mental health conditions. Loneliness at time point 2 showed a significant association with suicidal ideation when adjusting for those without pre-existing mental health conditions.

Conclusions

National and community support is needed to target people who are likely to be left behind, such as young people, those with pre-existing mental health conditions and those experiencing loneliness, in the COVID-19 pandemic.
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy added to usual care improves eating behaviors in patients with bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder by decreasing the cognitive load of words related to body shape, weight, and food
Authors: Sala L. , Gorwood P. , Vindreau C. , Duriez P.
Published: October 2021

Background

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) as a complementary approach in patients with bulimia nervosa (BN) or binge eating disorder (BED), and to assess how the reduction of the cognitive load of words related to eating disorders (ED) could constitute an intermediate factor explaining its global efficacy.

Methods

Eighty-eight women and men participated in clinical assessments upon inscription, prior to and following 8-week group MBCT. Mindfulness skills were assessed using the five facet mindfulness questionnaire; eating behaviors were assessed using the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ); comorbid pathologies were assessed using the beck depression index and the state-trait anxiety inventory. The cognitive load of words associated with ED was assessed through a modified version of the Stroop color naming task.

Results

Mindfulness skills improved significantly (p < .05) after group MBCT. The improvement of TFEQ scores was accompanied by reduced levels of depressive mood and trait anxiety. The positive impact of MBCT on TFEQ score was directly related to an improvement of the performance in the Stroop task.

Conclusions

MBCT represents an interesting complementary therapy for patients with either BN or BED, at least when cognitive and behavioral domains are concerned. Such efficacy seems to be mediated by the reduction of the cognitive load associated with ED stimuli, which offers a possible explanation of how MBCT could reduce binge-eating behaviors. Other studies are needed, in independent centers, to focus more directly on core symptoms and long-term outcome.
Infrastructure of Fertility Preservation Services for Pediatric Cancer Patients: A Report From the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Frederick Natasha N. , Klosky James L. , Meacham Lillian R. , Quinn Gwendolyn P. , Kelvin Joanne Frankel , Cherven Brooke , Freyer David R. , Dvorak Christopher C. , Brackett Julienne , Ahmed-Winston Sameeya , Bryson Elyse , Chow Eric J. , Levine Jennifer
Published: October 2021

PURPOSE:

Fertility preservation (FP) services are part of comprehensive care for those newly diagnosed with cancer. The capacity to offer these services to children and adolescents with cancer is unknown.

METHODS:

A cross-sectional survey was sent to 220 Children's Oncology Group member institutions regarding institutional characteristics, structure and organization of FP services, and barriers to FP. Standard descriptive statistics were computed for all variables. The association between site-specific factors and selected outcomes was examined using multivariable logistic regression.

RESULTS:

One hundred forty-four programs (65.5%) returned surveys. Fifty-three (36.8%) reported a designated FP individual or team. Sperm banking was offered at 135 (97.8%) institutions, and testicular tissue cryopreservation at 37 (27.0%). Oocyte and embryo cryopreservation were offered at 91 (67.9%) and 62 (46.6%) institutions, respectively; ovarian tissue cryopreservation was offered at 64 (47.8%) institutions. The presence of dedicated FP personnel was independently associated with the ability to offer oocyte or embryo cryopreservation (odds ratio [OR], 4.7; 95% CI, 1.7 to 13.5), ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.2 to 6.0), and testicular tissue cryopreservation (OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.4 to 97.8). Only 26 (18.1%) participating institutions offered all current nonexperimental FP interventions. Barriers included cost (70.9%), inadequate knowledge or training (60.7%), difficulty characterizing fertility risk (50.4%), inadequate staffing (45.5%), and logistics with reproductive specialties (38%-39%).

CONCLUSION:

This study provides the most comprehensive view of the current landscape of FP infrastructure for children and adolescents with cancer and demonstrates that existing infrastructure is inadequate to offer comprehensive services to patients. We discuss modifiable factors to improve patient access to FP.