bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indecisive moments: An exploration of the photograph in relation to the temporal dimension of liminality
Authors:   , Silverwood Taylor Caroline
Published: January 2023

This practice-based research explores the relationship between the temporal dimension of liminality and the still photograph. It examines how a liminal approach, in relation to time, affects the way one thinks about and creates a photograph. An analysis of the existing vocabulary associated with photography reveals that there is something fundamentally misleading about the way we commonly talk about photographs. Terms such as 'moment', 'instant', 'frozen moment' and 'snapshot' all assume a relationship with time which breaks down under scrutiny. The nature of the photograph is explored through creating a body of work which challenges these assumptions. The work is founded upon a methodology which has knowledge gained through practice as its basis, a practice rooted in monochrome analogue photography using traditional darkroom methods. The research is contextualised within the framework of photographic theory, with particular reference to the latter part of the twentieth century, together with aspects of the philosophy of time which have specific relevance. Through making work which explores the relationship between the photograph and time, an alternative interpretation of the nature of the photograph emerges. I argue that we need to rethink the concepts involved in creating an ontology of photography and reevaluate the language we employ to talk about the photograph. I conclude that the photograph is better understood if a temporally liminal perspective is adopted at every stage of its conceptualisation, creation, and viewing. This approach transforms our relationship with the medium, replacing the orthodox model of the photograph as a fixed object and a moment snatched from time with a new interpretation: it is redefined as imprecise, transient and contingent. The complexity of its relationship with time is thereby acknowledged, making possible the emergence of a new and more convincing epistemology of the photograph.
Some Reflections on the Interface between Professional Machine Translation Literacy and Data Literacy
Authors: Krüger Ralph
Published: January 2023

Due to the widespread use of data-driven neural machine translation, both by professional translators and layperson users, an adequate machine translation literacy on the part of the users of this technology is becoming more and more important. At the same time, the increasing datafication of both the private and the business sphere requires an adequate data literacy in modern society. The present article takes a closer look at machine translation literacy and data literacy and investigates the interface between the two concepts. This is done to lay the preliminary theoretical foundations for a didactic project aiming to develop didactic resources for teaching data literacy in its machine translation-specific form to students of BA programmes in translation/specialised communication.
A Bigram-Based Exploration of Phraseological Development in Norwegian Secondary School Students’ Writing in English L2
Authors: Evang Kaja H. S. Ø.
Published: January 2023

This study investigates phraseological units produced by Norwegian secondary school students (aged 13 to 17) writing in English L2. The study employs association measure as a way of calculating the collocational strength and certainty of words in word pairs (bigrams) in the L2 learners’ writing. The association measures MI and t-score have been shown to be reliable measures for telling learner language apart from native language. Durrant and Schmitt (2009) and Granger and Bestgen (2014) found a higher proportion of high MI-scoring bigrams to be a marker of more advanced language, native or nativelike, while a higher proportion of high t-scores was associated with less advanced language. The present study includes language from a lower proficiency level than has previously been investigated. The pattern of association measures found for intermediate Norwegian learners of English does not match the previous findings for advanced learners. Instead, an initial decline is uncovered, in that the students produce a higher proportion of bigrams with high MI scores and high t-scores in the first year than they do one and two years later. At higher levels of proficiency, the scores increase again, the pattern resembling previous findings. The article considers possible explanations and discusses applications for teaching.
Acquiring English Through Virtual Worlds
Authors: Dasic Jovana
Published: January 2023

This article studies the connection between Norwegian lower secondary pupils’ gaming habits and their essay grades, as well as to offer gamers’ attitudes towards gaming and language learning. Data were collected from 14 Norwegian lower secondary pupils, with a total of 20 (6 from year 8, 14 from year 9) essays. Six of the participants took part of the study both in year 8 and 9. Three methods were used to answer the research questions. First, statistical tests were run in SPSS for Macintosh (v. 25; SPSS Inc, Chicago II, USA) to discover possible differences in grades in correlation to time spent gaming. Following, a qualitative corpus analysis of 12 texts was conducted to see what lies behind the quantitative numbers. Finally, six semi-open interviews were conducted with the aim to elicit the participants’ attitudes towards gaming and language learning with their longitudinal aspects in mind.

 

The results from the quantitative and qualitative corpus analyses revealed that there is a statistically significant positive correlation between the amount of time the participants spent gaming and their English essay grades. The findings from the mixed methods also suggest that large amounts of time spent gaming are beneficial to other aspects of the student’s English proficiency, such as greater self-confidence when speaking English and creativity when writing. In addition, findings concerning the motivation behind gaming suggest that teachers of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in Norway should be aware of and implement activities either in the classroom or as homework to enhance some of the students’ motivation for learning English as a second language. Furthermore, some of the informants in the interviews reported a desire for more gaming centered or open school writing tasks, as they believe it would give them a greater opportunity to show knowledge gained by gaming.
Adverb-adjective combinations in young writers’ English (EL1 and EL2)
Authors: Hasselgård Hilde
Published: January 2023

The topic of the present study is adverb-adjective combinations in narrative writing by lower secondary school pupils in Norway and the UK. The investigation is based on subsets of the TRAWL (Tracking Written Learner Language) and GiG (Growth in Grammar) corpora and thus compares English as a second language with first-language usage (EL2 and EL1). A number of differences were identified between the two writer groups. While adverb-adjective constructions, such as so happy, much better and really bad, were  more frequent and widespread in EL2, they showed more variability in EL1 regarding syntax, semantics and lexical choice. In particular, the amplifying function of modifiers was more dominant in EL2 writing at the cost of other modifier functions. There was also a stronger concentration on a few highly frequent intensifiers in the EL2 than in the EL1 material.
Written corrective feedback in the lower secondary EFL classroom
Authors: Berg Elin Maria
Published: January 2023

For decades, scholarly debates have been concerned with the effect of corrective feedback (CF), both written and oral, on L2 language development. Much of the research that supports written corrective feedback (WCF) comes from short-term focused feedback studies, representing a type of feedback practice not necessarily applicable in classroom contexts. This has pointed to a need for more classroom research of authentic WCF and its effect on written learner language. Attempting to explore authentic classroom data longitudinally, this article presents a Norwegian case study of two English teachers’ WCF provided to three students during three years of lower secondary EFL instruction. The student texts are part of the TRAWL (Tracking Written Learner Language) corpus and were collected from obligatory mock exams. The texts came with teacher WCF as well as revised versions. Semi-structured interviews with the teachers provided information about the teachers’ practices and beliefs related to WCF. The collected data was analyzed qualitatively and later discussed against cognitive, motivational, and sociocultural theories. The process of tracking changes in error patterns confirmed some of the issues with using accuracy and global error scores as a measurement for improvement and development, interpreted as proof of learning in language acquisition research. The data further suggests that students do not engage with feedback enough to benefit from its learning potential.
Aplicação de bioestimulantes sobre a produção de biomassa e de óleo essencial de manjericão
Authors: Nogueira Mirian , Ferreira Lara Amaral , Santos Paloma Andrade , Santos Edeilton Borges dos , Evangelista Régila Santos
Published: January 2023

O manjericão é uma planta aromática produtora de óleo essencial, é extremamente valorizado na indústria, principalmente seu óleo essencial. Essa cultura tem grande importância socioeconômica e farmacológica, sendo necessária a busca de tecnologias que proporcionem a essa planta condições para um melhor desenvolvimento e produção. O Stimulate® pode ser uma opção, pois esse composto é um biorregulador líquido, composto por ácido indolbutírico, cinetina e ácido. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o modo de aplicação Stimulate® sobre a produção de biomassa e de óleo essencial de manjericão em cultivo hidropônico. Foi adotado um delineamento em blocos casualizados com três tratamentos e seis repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pelo modo de aplicação do Stimulate®, que foram aplicações foliares semanais, quinzenais e a testemunha. A aplicação foliar do bioestimulante Stimulate® favoreceu positivamente o crescimento e o acúmulo de óleo essencial nas plantas de manjericão verde. A realização das aplicações foliares de Stimulate® a cada 15 dias é tão eficiente quanto a cada 7 dias, favorecendo a produção de biomassa e o crescimento do manjericão. Assim, com as aplicações quinzenais, o custo de produção é reduzido, devido à redução na quantidade de produto aplicado e no uso da mão-de-obra para aplicações.
Efeito antifúngico do óleo essencial de pequi (Caryocar brasiliense)
Authors: Alves Santos Fernanda Stefhany , Ferreira Terra Ematne Michelle
Published: January 2023

Os fungos causam diversos prejuízos à indústria alimentícia, como a deterioração de alimentos e doenças nas lavouras, sendo um problema constante. A utilização excessiva de compostos químicos, para o controle desses microrganismos, vem causando graves danos ao meio ambiente e à saúde humana. O uso de métodos controles, de origem natural, no combate a essas populações é uma excelente opção de substituição de substâncias sintéticas tóxicas. O pequi (Caryocar brasiliense), um fruto do Cerrado, tem sido retratado na bibliografia com grande potencial antifúngico e antibacteriano. No presente estudo, avaliou-se in vitro, o efeito do óleo essencial extraído da polpa do pequi (Caryocar brasiliense) no controle do crescimento das espécies fúngicas Aspergillus carbonarius, Aspergillus niger e Aspergillus ochraceus. O óleo essencial foi extraído pelo processo de hidrodestilação, utilizando aparelho de Clevenger, e sua atividade antifúngica foi avaliada através da determinação da Concentração Mínima Inibitória e com a utilização do óleo essencial no meio de cultura. Não foram detectadas concentrações mínimas inibitórias do óleo essencial sobre as espécies testadas. Houve inibição do crescimento micelial das espécies, ao utilizar o óleo no meio de cultura, na concentração de 125 µL mL-1, demonstrando a atividade antifúngica do óleo essencial sobre as cepas estudadas.
Sorgo granífero cultivado sob diferentes doses de fósforo
Authors: Silva Felipe Albino Malta da , Campos Júnior Edson José da Silva , Nascimento Jaqueline Maria do , Matos Christiano da Conceição de
Published: January 2023

No decorrer dos últimos anos, foram desenvolvidos híbridos de sorgo [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] de alta produtividade, a exemplo do sorgo granífero Nugrain 430. Hipotetiza-se que esses novos materiais sejam mais responsivos à adubação, especialmente, no cultivo de safrinha. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de doses crescentes de fósforo sobre o crescimento e a produtividade de um novo genótipo de sorgo granífero, o Nugrain 430, cultivado em safrinha. O experimento foi realizado no campo em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por cinco doses de fósforo, 40, 60, 80, 100 e 120 kg ha-1 de P2O5, aplicados nas linhas de plantio de sorgo variedade Nugrain 430, utilizando-se como fonte o nutriente o MAP (fosfato monoamônico). As plantas foram colhidas aos 117 dias após semeadura (DAS). De maneira geral, não houve efeito das doses de P no crescimento e produtividade do sorgo granífero. Houve incidência de três geadas na região, o que pode ter contribuído para a ausência de resposta ao aumento do fornecimento de P no solo. Conclui-se que o aumento de doses de P2O5 não influencia o crescimento e a produtividade do sorgo granífero Nugrain 430 cultivado em safrinha.
Molibdênio e cobalto associado ao glifosato em soja geneticamente modificada
Authors: Camelo Gessimar Nunes , Leite da Silva Igo , Souto Silva Taison , Thiago Geiel Vieira Azevedo Thiago , De Oliveira Vieira Andreia
Published: January 2023

Objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar o efeito da aplicação do molibdênio (Mo) e do cobalto (Co) junto ao herbicida glifosato em operação de controle de plantas daninhas em pós-emergência da cultura da soja geneticamente modificada, em duas formas de aplicação do Mo e do Co (via semente ou foliar) na nutrição nitrogenada da soja. Para isso, foi realizado experimento em área de sistema de cultivo convencional em delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 3 x 2 x 2 com quatro repetições. Os fatores estudados foram as três doses de Mo (0; 20 e 40 g ha-1), duas doses de Co (0 e 2,5 g ha-1) e duas formas de aplicação dos micronutrientes (via semente ou via foliar junto ao herbicida), totalizando 12 tratamentos. A aplicação do molibdênio junto ao herbicida glifosato, proporciona melhoria na nutrição nitrogenada e proteica dos grãos da soja. O teor de nitrogênio e de proteínas não é influenciado pela aplicação de Co associado ao glifosato em mistura de calda, independentemente da forma de aplicação via sementes ou por via foliar.
Causal Relationship Among SME’s Import, Export, Deposits, and Small Manufacturing Contribution to GDP – Toda Yamamoto Analysis
Authors: Muhammad Ahmad Mazher
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify the causal relationship between Pakistani SMEs' imports, exports, domestic deposits, and GDP in the small manufacturing sector over 2007-Q1 to 2020-Q4.

Design/Methodology/Approach: Granger causality is a revolutionary and cutting-edge econometric technique that was presented by Toda and Yamamoto (1995). This technique enabled us to identify various kinds of observations, all of which are discussed in detail in the concluding part of the article.

Findings: Four-causal relationship among the variables which revealed the empirical results. (i) fluctuations in exports values, total imports values and deposit in domestic currency may cause the changes in GDP of small manufacturing sector in Pakistan (ii) fluctuations in GDP of small manufacturing and deposits in domestic currency may cause the changes in total exports value in SME sector in Pakistan while changes in total imports value do not make the cause of changes in total exports value in Pakistan SME sector (iii) fluctuations in GDP of small manufacturing and total exports value may cause the changes in total imports value in SME sector in Pakistan while changes in deposit in domestic currency do not make the cause of changes in total imports value in SME sector in Pakistan and (iv) fluctuations in GDP of small manufacturing, total exports value, and total import values does not make the cause of changes in deposit in domestic currency in SME sector in Pakistan.

Implications/Originality/Value: Using secondary data and an estimation method to take into account new factors, the study also makes a big contribution to the ongoing research on SMEs in Pakistan.
Determinants of Tourism Arrivals in China
Authors: Shaukat Sidra , Khan Khadija Kanwal , Shokat Sara
Published: January 2023

The aim of study has to investigate behavior of tourism under the threat of CO2 release in case of China. The research work employed Secondary time-series-data over the time duration 1996-2019. The research work used tourism arrivals as dependent and CO2 emission, GDP growth Rate, tourism expenditure and trade are used as independent variables. The study also applied OLS is applies for the findings. The results of OLS indicate that, positive impact of CO2 emission on tourism arrivals in China. It means that, tourism increase with the increase in CO2 emission. While other variables, like GDPGR, tourism expenditure, and trade are positively increasing the Tourism.
Nódulo congénito en un recién nacido
Authors: Cantú Parra Laura , Marabini Noelia , Tennerini Maria Leticia , Parra Cristóbal
Published: January 2023

Corresponde a un varón recién nacido, de 37,5 semanas de edad gestacional, con peso adecuado, producto de un parto vaginal, sin antecedentes perinatológicos ni familiares de relevancia. El servicio de neonatología solicitó la interconsulta a nuestro servicio porque el paciente presentaba una lesión tumoral cutánea congénita. En el examen físico, se observó una tumoración única del color de la piel, localizada en la zona temporal izquierda, de 2 × 2 cm de diámetro. A la palpación era móvil, tenía consistencia duroelástica y no cambiaba ante los aumentos de presión. Sus rasgos faciales eran normales y no se hallaron otras alteraciones en la inspección.
Manifestaciones cutáneas por COVID-19. Estudio observacional en un hospital interzonal especializado de la Provincia de Buenos Aires
Authors: Verea María Alejandra , Ochoa Ana Karina , Córdoba Lucía María , Sarobe Raquel , Medina Ana Inés , Risso Paula
Published: January 2023

Antecedentes: desde la primera descripción de una infección viral causada por un nuevo coronavirus en Wuhan, China, en diciembre de 2019, se han ido identificando lesiones en la piel con distintos patrones, que se han asociado a la gravedad de la enfermedad.
Objetivos: 1) determinar los tipos de patrones cutaneomucosos más frecuentes; 2) establecer la relación de los patrones cutáneos con la gravedad de la enfermedad y el momento de la presentación; 3) determinar si el patrón cutaneomucoso se presenta como única manifestación de sospecha. Diseño: estudio observacional, prospectivo, longitudinal y analítico.
Materiales y métodos: en el período comprendido entre el 21 de junio y el 31 de octubre de 2020, se evaluó a los contactos estrechos de los pacientes internados con diagnóstico confirmado de COVID-19, y al personal de salud que padeció la enfermedad y sus contactos estrechos en el Hospital Interzonal Especializado de Agudos y Crónicos (HIEAyC) San Juan de Dios (La Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires).
Resultados: Se analizaron 83 de 1.145 pacientes (7,25%) que presentaron lesiones cutáneas. Se encontraron los siguientes patrones: maculopapuloso 37 (44,6%), urticariforme 16 (19,3%), símil perniosis 12 (14,5%), vesicular 5 (6%), livedoide-necrótico 4 (4,8%), mixtos 4 (4,8%) y otros 5 (6%). Los patrones maculopapuloso, urticariforme y vesicular mostraron una asociación significativa con las formas leves de la enfermedad. En el caso símil perniosis se presentó como única manifestación. La presentación de la púrpura retiforme no mostró asociación significativa con la gravedad de la enfermedad. El 57,8% de las lesiones aparecieron con otros síntomas de sospecha de COVID-19, mientras que el 25,3% (n = 21) mostró lesión cutánea como único signo.
Conclusiones: los datos más relevantes fueron el hallazgo de patrones mixtos escasamente publicados en la bibliografía y que las manifestaciones cutáneas fueron el único síntoma de infección por SARS-CoV-2 en el 25,3% de los pacientes. Esto coloca al dermatólogo como un participante indispensable en el equipo de salud que diagnostica, controla y trata a estos pacientes. Creemos que una de las mayores fortalezas de nuestro trabajo es la representatividad del tamaño de la muestra en relación con las publicaciones latinoamericanas hasta el momento.
Eritema multiforme mayor asociado a infección por virus herpes simple
Authors: Cantero María Florencia , Emma Yanina , Giangualano Eliana , García Sandra , Aloise Ítalo
Published: January 2023

El eritema multiforme (EM) es una enfermedad aguda, autolimitada y a veces recurrente, que se manifiesta con un amplio espectro de fenotipos lesionales. Generalmente se desencadena por una infección, en particular por el virus del herpes simple (VHS). Se presenta el caso de un varón de 16 años con EM mayor secundario a una infección por VHS, tratado con aciclovir y corticoterapia por vía intravenosa, con buena respuesta.
Hidradenoma papilífero ulcerado de la vulva
Authors: Cortés Pater Sofía , De Diego M. Clara , Barbini Carla , Anaya Javier , Busso Corina
Published: January 2023

El hidradenoma papilífero es un tumor benigno poco frecuente que deriva de las glándulas sudoríparas apocrinas y se presenta, casi exclusivamente, en mujeres luego de iniciada la pubertad, en las regiones anogenital, axilar y periumbilical. Su estudio histopatológico confirma el diagnóstico y la resección quirúrgica es el tratamiento de elección. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 49 años que desarrolló un hidradenoma papilífero ulcerado en la región vulvar izquierda, entre los labios mayor y menor, el cual remitió de forma total y espontánea, sin recidivas durante el seguimiento.
Melanoma en un paciente pediátrico
Authors: Martinez Maria Florencia , Stefano Paola Cecilia , Telleria Romina Lucrecia , Rossa Ana , Centeno María del Valle , Cervini Andrea Bettina
Published: January 2023

El melanoma cutáneo tiene una baja incidencia en la población pediátrica. A diferencia de lo que ocurre en los adultos, suele pre- sentarse como una mácula, pápula, placa o nódulo normocoloreado, rojizo o rosado, sin cumplir con los criterios ABCDE habitualmente utilizados para diagnosticar esta entidad. Los diagnósticos diferenciales incluyen tanto patologías benignas como malignas. El diagnóstico debe confirmarse mediante el estudio histopatológico. El objetivo de este trabajo es comunicar el caso de una paciente de edad pediátrica con diagnóstico de melanoma en la que inicialmente se sospechó un nevo de Spitz y comparar las características del melanoma en los pacientes pediátricos con las observadas en los adultos.
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Vía JAK-STAT e inhibidores JAK
Authors: Minaudo Carla
Published: January 2023

La vía JAK-STAT (Janus Kinasas) es una cadena de traducción de señales intracelulares, que se activa a través de receptores de citoquinas I y II.
Mediante esta vía, varias moléculas de importancia en dermatología ejercen sus efectos: IL2, IL4, IL7, IL5, IL6, IL9, IL12, IL13, IL15, IL21, IL23, INFa e INFb, entre otras.  También es la señal intracelular de hormonas como la prolactina y la hormona de crecimiento.
La inhibición de distintos componentes de esta vía es utilizada como terapéutica en enfermedades reumatológicas y un número cada vez mayor de patologías cutáneas.
Los inhibidores JAK surgieron en la práctica médica hace aproximadamente 11 años, con el ruxolitinib y poco tiempo después el tofacitinib. En la actualidad, se dispone de varias moléculas aprobadas y muchas otras en etapa experimental.
En este artículo se desarrollarán la organización intracelular y las funciones de la vía JAK-STAT con sus variantes principales relacionadas a enfermedades inmunomediadas, así como las características más relevantes de los inhibidores JAK.
Los médicos y el lenguaje
Authors: Oxilia Mario
Published: January 2023

Aprovecho la oportunidad que se me ha ofrecido para expresar, en un editorial de acción, mi opinión acerca del lenguaje que utilizamos los médicos. Todo lenguaje científico debe caracterizarse por su precisión y rigor, teniendo claramente definido el significado y connotación de los signos y palabras que utiliza, para evitar confusiones y lograr una comunicación universal. Cuidar el lenguaje no es solo una cuestión estética; los defectos formales pueden volver incomprensible lo que debería verse claro y rebajar el interés de los hallazgos más interesantes. La capacidad de expresarse por escrito es una cualidad básica en un investigador, porque de la forma del texto depende su eficacia comunicativa. Del mismo modo la expresión oral, utilizada hoy en día en las reuniones científicas con mayor prevalencia, debería ser cuidada, evitando anglicismos innecesarios y traducciones mal hechas; por ejemplo, cacofonía o similitud en la escritura, pero que tiene otro significado.
Reacciones cutáneas asociadas al tratamiento de las queratosis actínicas con 5-fluorouracilo
Authors: Pastore Federico
Published: January 2023

El tratamiento de las queratosis actínicas con 5-fluorouracilo (5-FU) al 5% genera reacciones cutáneas de diferente intensidad.

Se empleó 5-FU tópico 2 veces por día durante 4 semanas para el tratamiento de las queratosis actínicas.

Los pacientes puntuaron la presencia de reacciones cutáneas desde ausentes, leves-moderadas y severas.
Tratamiento con talidomida del eritema multiforme crónico
Authors: Pastore Federico
Published: January 2023

El eritema multiforme puede evolucionar a una forma recurrente o persistente. El valaciclovir es el tratamiento de primera línea en estos casos. No hay consenso en cuanto a la elección de una segunda línea de tratamiento cuando este falla.

Se evaluó la eficacia de la talidomida para el tratamiento del eritema multiforme crónico (recurrente y persistente) en pacientes adultos que habían tenido al menos un fracaso terapéutico con algún tratamiento previo a la utilización de este fármaco.

Después de 6 meses de tratamiento con talidomida, el 66% de los pacientes estaban en remisión total, el 14% habían interrumpido el tratamiento y el 7% habían experimentado al menos un brote.

La dosis media utilizada fue de 50 mg/día.
Avaliação do funcionamento intestinal com o uso agudo de Kombucha do tipo SCOBY em crianças com e sem trissomia do cromossomo 21
Authors: De Carvalho Piva Patricia , Wilmsen Dalla Santa Patricia Kelly , Cavagnolli Natália Inês
Published: January 2023

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o uso agudo de kombuchas do tipo SCOBY produzidas artesanalmente em crianças com e sem trissomia do cromossomo 21 (T21), quanto às possíveis alterações de funcionamento intestinal. MÉTODO: O estudo caracterizou-se como experimental, observacional e longitudinal, realizado com 4 crianças (de duas famílias diferentes) que consumiram a kombucha artesanal durante 20 dias, sendo duas com T21 (menino de 4 anos e menina de 9 anos) e duas sem a T21 (menino de 6 anos e menina de 10 anos). A kombucha foi produzida seguindo as boas práticas de manipulação de alimentos, com uma única fermentação, caracterizando-se como original (sem saborização). O perfil físico-químico e microbiológico da kombucha foi determinado em laboratório especializado. As instruções às famílias incluíram a possibilidade de consumo da kombucha com sucos naturais, sendo oferecidos 8 ml de kombucha/massa corpórea/dia. As famílias participantes acompanharam o aspecto fecal das crianças, seguindo a escala de Bristol. RESULTADOS: As kombuchas não apresentaram resíduo etanólico e os parâmetros das normativas nacionais, que regulamentam a produção comercial dessa bebida, foram atendidos pelo lote experimental produzido para o estudo. As meninas participantes do estudo – com e sem T21, mostraram mais episódios de não evacuação, enquanto apenas o menino sem T21 não evacuou durante o consumo crônico. O menino com T21 foi que o mais apresentou frequência de fezes tipo 4, considerada ideal, principalmente a partir do 10º dia de consumo. CONCLUSÕES: Embora mais estudos sejam necessários, o uso agudo de kombucha mostrou-se favorável na regulação intestinal de crianças com e sem T21, no período avaliado.
Palavras-chave: Kombucha. Fermentação. Probióticos. Saúde Intestinal.
Adult Education and Local Economic Development in Australia
Authors: Mason Robb , Randall Shirley
Published: January 2023

Adult education has not been considered to have had a strong connection with local economic development. Changing economic circumstances for Australia, however, have forced a reconsideration of the relationship of education more broadly to work and economic matters. In so doing it has become apparent that local adult education agencies have had a more intimate connection with this area than has previously been realised. This has become more apparent as the importance of local involvement in the decision making over local economic matters has become more critical. Training for employment, small business development, enterprise education, awareness programs, the encouragement of entrepreneurialism are all aspects of econontic development impacted upon by adult education and described in this paper.
Small Rural Schools and their Communities and the Impact of Rapid Change
Authors: Bowie Bernadette
Published: January 2023

Global changes in economic systems have put new demands on education as governments are endeavouring to maintain and improve services with reduced capital. The burden for health, welfare and education is increasingly being shifted towards the communities they service and the rate at which this shift can be made has accelerated with the growth of infonnation technology. In Australia, government education policies are moving towards self management in schools. While an educationally sound case for self management and greater school autonomy has been argued widely (Caldwell and Spinks, 1988, passim), the rate at which self management is being introduced is strongly economically driven. The changes that are taking place are demanding greater parent and community support in schools.
Interactive Television and Problem Based Learning
Authors: Gibson Ian W. , Gibson Kay L.
Published: January 2023

Traditional approaches to teacher education have incorporated on-campus face to face instruction, complemented by occasional forays into schools for classroom practice teaching sessions, demonstration sessions or a combination of microteaching, child studies or associated activities. Many researchers and students believe that participation in teaching experience is the most important source of pre-service knowledge about the teaching profession. To make teacher education courses as meaningful and relevant as possible, the project described in this paper used interactive television (ITV) to present real-life, rural teaching situations as examples of best practice and integrated them with problem based learning (PBL) scenarios focussing on day-to-day dilemmas faced by practicing teachers in multigrade rural classrooms. In past offerings of this class, student research and discussion of these scenarios has integrated the theory and practice from previous study in their teacher preparation course. The incorporation of ITV increased both the real time involvement of student teachers in their chosen profession and enhanced their understanding of concepts and skills central to effective teaching in rural multigraded classrooms. The approach described in this paper encouraged collegial analysis of problem situations and sharing of solutions and allowed various perspectives on a single teaching situation to be analysed and discussed on a professional basis with experts in the field.
Expanding the Universe of Education
Authors: Parsons Elizabeth
Published: January 2023

We understand education to mean the encouragement as well as the delivery of the means to help people to inform themselves of the significance of the world beyond their normal communities and outside the bounds of their families and personal experience. We understand rural to mean any environment which can result in forms of isolation, caused by economic, geographic, physical or social factors, which inhibit people from realising their full personal enjoyment and their potential as contributing members of the Australian society. The three major tasks in expanding the universe of education for rural people in Australia therefore involve:

educating rural people to their needs in a rapidly changing economic, political and social environment;

educating rural people on the irreversible and unavoidable changes which will transmogrify the demography and economy of Australia within their lifetimes;

educating rural people on the range of facilities, support services and technologies which they can use to enhance their cultural, economic, personal and social well being.
Increasing Interactive Activity - Using Technology to Enhance Interaction Between Teachers, Students and Learning Material
Authors: Bucknall Ruary
Published: January 2023

This article provides background information from a multi-media 'show and tell' presentation at the Ballarat conference. This presentation was aimed (1) at providing a general overview of some aspects of the NTSCS which hitherto you probably would not know, from which you can draw your own comparisons and conclusions, and (2) to whet your appetite about a few projects into which you may wish to delve. A central theme of the presentation was that effective pedagogy requires us to treat technology as a wonderful tool to extend rather than replace competent teachers. An underlying concern was how to reconcile dramatic progress for some while other students fall further behind in technological access.
Australian Rural Education Award 1995
Authors: Ewers Julie
Published: January 2023

As a parent involved at Lucindale Area School, and on behalf of Lucindale Area School and the community, I gladly accept this award and thank SPERA for choosing our school to be the winner of this award. What has happened at Lucindale Area School definitely enhances education and does demonstrate a commitment towards advancing the positive aspects of rural education. This award acknowledges the success we have achieved in solving our initial problems, it also acknowledges the very hard work carried out by our Principal, staff, parents, students and community members. Lucindale is as the name implies, a school comprising of students from reception through to year 12. Our current enrolments are around 270. There are just over 70 secondary students. It is situated in the small rural township of Lucindale, a population of about 490 people. The nearest town is Naracoorte with a population of 5,000 - 42 kilometres away). Our largest closest regional town is Mt. Gambier, 120 kilometres away with a population of 23000. So we are very small and very rural.
Opening the Door on Best Practice
Authors: King S. , Young P.
Published: January 2023

This paper examines two case studies of multigrade teachers, and focuses on the diverse styles of these different teachers. It questions what, given this diversity, are the critical issues in multigrade teaching, and whether it is possible to identify 'best practice' in the multigrade classroom. In addition this paper attempts to indicate the necessary skills which should be developed in preservice education for teaching in multigrade classrooms.
Practice Teaching in a Distance Education Centre
Authors: Boylan Colin
Published: January 2023

Practice teaching is an integtal component of pre-service teacher education courses. Watson, Halton, Grundy and Squires (1986) clearly demonstrated that most New South Wales teacher education students came from metropolitan backgtounds, received their university tuition in a city based institution and completed their practice teaching in city schools. However, Watson, et al (1986) claimed that most of the city trained teachers were reluctant to accept a teaching appointment outside of the city. Under these conditions, long term solutions to the problem of high rural teacher turnover were unlikely to eventuate.
Comparison of effects of manual physical therapy and exercise therapy for patients with Temporomandibular disorders
Authors: Sarfraz Shaina , Anwar Naveed , Tauqeer Sana , Asif Tooba , Ain Noor Ul , Shakeel Hammad
Published: January 2023

The term temporomandibular disorder is used for pain and dysfunction at the temporomandibular joint. Manual therapy or exercise therapy has proven to be an effective measure for pain relief. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of manual therapy and exercise therapy in temporomandibular disorders. A quasi-experimental study was conducted from June 30, 2020 to December 30, 2020 in Al-Sheikh teaching hospital, Sialkot, Pakistan. A convenient sample of 24 patients was involved in the study. Lottery method was used to randomise the patients in either the Manual Therapy Group or Exercise Therapy Group. The participantswere assessed before and after the intervention through Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) for pain, Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS) for function, Fonesca Amnestic Index (FAI) for the severity of condition, and MillimetreMouth Opening (MMO) for ranges.
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Assessing the validity of admission test into the internship programme at a private university in Pakistan
Authors: Qamar Riaz  , Yousuf Naveed , Shamim Muhammad Shahzad
Published: January 2023

Objective: To report the development and validity assessment of a comprehensive model of assessment method comprising written test and multiple mini interviews for selection in a medical internship programme.
Method: The psychometric validation study was conducted at the Aga Khan University, Karachi, and comprised anonymised scores of written admission test, multiple mini interviews and exit written exams for all the interns who completed their internships in 2018 and 2019. Correlation between admission and exit tests, and predictions were assessed.  Data was analysed using SPSS 20.
Results: There were 160 interns; 80(50%) each in 2018 and 2019. Mean scores were 68.8+4.40% for written tests and 76.7+4.66% for multiple mini interviews. The mean score for exit examination was 68.1+6.84%. The Cronbach’s alpha of scores on the written admission test was 0.82 and 0.88 for the two years, respectively, while for the multiple mini interviews, the corresponding values were 0.81 and 0.94. The written admission and exit tests were moderately correlated (0.44) while the correlations of multiple mini interviews scores with written admissions and exit tests were -0.28 and 0.04, respectively.
Conclusion: The selection process should comprise multiple measures of assessment to ensure the selection of the best candidates.
Key Words: Multiple mini interviews, Predictive validity, Admission test.
Relationship between gross motor function of cerebral palsy children and quality of life of their primary caregivers
Authors: Kumari Somal , Ali Syed Shahzad , Ahmed Mirza Baig Aftab
Published: January 2023

Objective: To determine the relationship between gross motor function of children with cerebral palsy and quality of life of their primary caregivers.
Method: The cross-sectional analytical study was conducted from December 2020 to August 2021 at the Sindh Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and the Rabia Moon Trust, Karachi, and comprised children with cerebral palsy and their caregivers. The children were assessed on the basis of Gross Motor Function Measure-66 and Gross Motor Functional Classification System, while the caregivers were asked to complete the self-administered World Health Organisation Quality of Life-BREF questionnaire. All the categorical variables were presented through frequencies and percentages. Spearman’s Correlation was applied to evaluate the correlation. Data was analysed using SPSS 16.
Results: Of the 43 children, 26(60.5%) were male and 17(39.5%) were females. The overall mean age was 5.70±1.820 years. Among the caregivers, 40(93%) were females and 3(7%) were males. The mean age of the caregivers was 27.70±4.77 years. None of domains of quality of life showed significant correlation with total score of Gross Motor Function Measure-66 (p>0.05).
Conclusion: The disease severity among children with cerebral palsy was not a factor associated with quality of life of the caregivers. The physical health was relatively lower among the caregivers, but it was not associated with motor disabilities.
Key Words: Caregiver burden, Child development disorders, Correlation, Developmental, Disabilities, Family caregivers.
Comparison of ramal heights in individuals with clinically symmetrical and asymmetrical faces
Authors: Shahid Rooma , Zaheer Rumeesha , Jan Abdullah , Mughal Alaina Tariq , Shafique Hafiza Zobia , Ghaffar Fareena
Published: January 2023

Objective: To compare the mandibular ramal height differences between clinically symmetrical and asymmetrical face individuals.
Method: The comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2020 to July 2021 at the Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, and comprised subjects regardless of age and gender who were divided into two equal groups. Those with a clinically symmetrical face were in Group-I, and those with a clinically asymmetrical face were in Group-II. Mandibular ramal height of both sides of all subjects was measured, and asymmetry index. Differences of both right and left ramal heights of each group were measured and compared. Data was analysed using SPSS 26.
Results: Of the 78 subjects, 40(51%) were males and 38(49%) were females. The overall mean age was 18±5.78 years, with 44(56%) aged 16-25 years, 28(36%) <15 years and 6(8%) >26 years. There was high but non-significant correlation between the right and left sides of both the groups (p>0.05). Inter-group differences were significant with respect to ramal height (p=0.000), whereas difference in terms of asymmetry index was not significant (p>0.05).
Conclusion: There were significant differences in the mean ramal height between clinically symmetrical and asymmetrical face individuals.
Key Words: Facial asymmetry, Mandibular condyle, Radiography, Panoramic.
Analisis Faktor Internal terhadap ROA dengan CAR sebagai Intervening pada Perbankan yang Tedaftar di BEI Tahun 2018- 2020
Authors: Fadhilah Nur , Hermuningsih  Sri , Wiyono Gendro
Published: January 2023

The purpose based on this research is to analyze the internal factors of NPL (Non-Performing Loan), LDR (Loan to Deposit Ratio) to ROA (Return on Assets) using CAR (Capital Adequacy Ratio) in intervening and in this research sample using the banking sector contained in the Stock Exchange. The Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2018 to 2020 uses 45 banks. By using purposive sampling technique, based on this research, there are still 32 companies. The quantitative data method is attached to the financial statements for that year. In this research sample, the banking sector on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2018 to 2020 uses 45 banks. By using purposive sampling technique, based on this research, there are still 32 companies. The quantitative data method is attached to the financial statements for that year. So that this research results: (1) LDR has no effect on CAR, (2) NPL has no effect on CAR. (3) LDR has no effect on ROA, (4) NPL has a positive and significant effect on ROA, (5) CAR has no effect on ROA.

 Keywords: NPL (Non Performing Loan), LDR (Loan to Deposit Ratio), ROA (Return on Assets)
Non-performing Loans and Banks’ Profitability in Nigeria
Authors: Ugwuanyi Ihemeje. J. C., , Obinne Geogina , Okon Efanga, Udeme
Published: January 2023

: The study investigated the effect of non-performing loans on bank profitability in Nigeria. This study adopts among other techniques the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) test method. A multiple regression model was formulated to ascertain the relationship between the non-performing loan and banks profitability variables. Our findings establish that Non-performing Loan exhibited negative and insignificant relationship with Return on Capital Employed, and Performing Loan shows a positive and significant relationship with Return on Capital Employed. However, our result with negative coefficients for Non-performing Loan (NPL) indicates that if they are increased, can also decrease Return on Capital Employed (ROCE). The study therefore advocate that there should be a committed effort by regulation agents to reduce monitor loan access issues and utilization of borrowed fund through financial probe, with sanction implemented to save the future, also government should create an effective and favourable socio-political environment with facilities that will attract more investment into the country
Business Strategy Risk Assessment for the C-Suite - will a Strategic Plan Deliver the Shareholder Value it Promises?
Authors: McDonald Malcolm
Published: January 2023

With legislation around the world placing more emphasis on corporate governance and control procedures and with the increasing potential penalties on individual directors, the need for an objective and well-structured review and approval process is becoming greater and spells out the consequences for stakeholder value if this goal is not achieved. This paper makes the case for the supremacy of shareholder value added as the principal goal of corporate strategy. It also spells out a methodology for assessing risk and adjusting corporate strategy accordingly. This methodology is probabilistic rather than mathematical, hence the William Bruce Cameron quotation above.
The Role of Cost Structure in Working Capital Management in theIndian Sugar Industry
Authors: Dash Mihir
Published: January 2023

This study examines the role of cost structure in working capital management for sugar manufacturing companies in India. The study uses fixed-effects panel regression models and the sample for the study included fifteen listed sugar manufacturing companies for the period 2008-18. The key results of the study were that employee expenditure has significant positive impact on the current ratio, the payables cycle, and the cash conversion cycle, and significant negative impact on the total assets turnover ratio and the fixed assets turnover ratio and that sales/administrative expenditure has significant positive impact on the total assets turnover ratio, the fixed assets turnover ratio, and the inventory turnover ratio, and significant negative impact on the inventory cycle and the cash conversion cycle. The results suggest that the cost structure variables of employee expenditure and selling/administrative expenditure may play a mediating role between firm-level variables and working capital variables, with direct and indirect effects; whereas the cost structure variables of raw materials expenditure and power/fuel expenditure may not play such a mediating role. These direct and indirect effects may be tested using structural equation methods in subsequent studies.