bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Following successful anti-leishmanial treatment, neutrophil counts, CD10 expression and phagocytic capacity remain reduced in visceral leishmaniasis patients co-infected with HIV
Authors: Takele Yegnasew , Adem Emebet , Mulaw Tadele , Müller Ingrid , Cotton James Anthony , Kropf Pascale
Published: August 2022

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients co-infected with HIV (VL/HIV patients) experience frequent treatment failures, VL relapses, opportunistic infections, and higher mortality. Their immune system remains profoundly suppressed after clinical cure and they maintain higher parasite load. This is in contrast with patients with VL alone (VL patients). Since neutrophils play a critical role in the control ofLeishmaniareplication and the regulation of immune responses, we tested the hypothesis that neutrophil activation status and effector functions are fully restored in VL, but not in VL/HIV patients. Our results show the neutrophil counts and all activation markers and effector functions tested in our study were reduced at the time of diagnosis in VL and VL/HIV patients as compared to controls. CD62L, CD63, arginase 1 expression levels and reactive oxygen species production were restored at the end of treatment in both groups. However, neutrophil counts, CD10 expression and phagocytosis remained significantly lower throughout follow-up in VL/HIV patients; suggesting that dysregulated neutrophils contribute to the impaired host defence against pathogens in VL/HIV patients.
Anti-inflammatory effects of neutral lipids, glycolipids, phospholipids from Halocynthia aurantium tunic by suppressing the activation of NF-κB and MAPKs in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages
Authors: Jang A-yeong , Rod-in Weerawan , Monmai Chaiwat , Choi Gyoung Su , Park Woo Jung
Published: August 2022

Halocynthia aurantium is a marine organism that has been considered a promising source for bio-functional materials. Total lipids were extracted from H. aurantium tunic, and then they were separated into neutral lipids, glycolipids, and phospholipids. In the present study, fatty acid profiles of three lipids and their anti-inflammatory effects in RAW264.7 cells were investigated. Among the lipid classes, phospholipids showed the diversity of fatty acid constituents, compared with the glycolipids and neutral lipids. Three lipids contain different contents of fatty acids depending on the kinds of lipids. The most contents were saturated fatty acids (SFAs, 53–69% of the fatty acids) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs, 15–17% of fatty acids) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs, 14–32% of fatty acids) are followed. H. aurantium lipids not only dose-dependently inhibited nitric oxide production but also reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokine genes such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated macrophages. It was also demonstrated that the expression of COX-2 was dose-dependently suppressed. Moreover, H. aurantium lipids decreased phosphorylation of NF-κB p-65, p38, ERK1/2, and JNK, suggesting that three lipids from H. aurantium tunic provide anti-inflammatory effects through NF-κB and MAPK signaling. These results indicate that H. aurantium is a potential source for anti-inflammation.
Research on the insurance of swimming crab temperature and salinity index insurance based on Copula function
Authors: Shi Xiaofang , Zhao Mingjie , Xu Yu , Wu Yanjuan , Sun Xiaolin , Jin Ke , Qiu Bo , Gao Chao
Published: August 2022

Under climate change, the sea surface temperature and salinity change greatly, which poses a considerable threat to sustainable food security. Sea surface temperature and salinity (SST/SSS) are selected to examine the annual output of swimming crab in 24 cities along the eastern China. The Copula-based function was used to construct the probability distribution model of the swimming crab yield with SST and SSS. The pure premium rate of the swimming crab production in these 24 cities are also examined. The results show that 1) There is significant positive correlations between the yield of swimming crab with temperature and salinity over the study area. The only exception is that the correlation between yield of swimming crab and salinity is not significant in the south of study area. 2) The span of the pure insurance premium rate of swimming crab in 24 cities increases rapidly with the increase of the protection level, the maximum span up to 2.04%, and the minimum span is only 1.6%. 3) The distribution of the swimming crab insurance premium rate is various in space. The insurance premium rate of 8 cities in the south of Taizhou is low with the highest premium rate at 5.6%. The insurance premium rate of 16 cities in north of Taizhou is relatively high with the rate between 6%-22%. The research can provide a theoretical basis for the pricing of insurance products for swimming crab in 24 cities in the typical aquaculture areas in eastern China.
Clinical features and severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 structural protein-based serology of Mexican children and adolescents with coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Cortés-Sarabia Karen , Cruz-Rangel Armando , Flores-Alanis Alejandro , Salazar-García Marcela , Jiménez-García Samuel , Rodríguez-Martínez Griselda , Reyes-Grajeda Juan Pablo , Rodríguez-Téllez Rosa Isela , Patiño-López Genaro , Parra-Ortega Israel , Del Moral-Hernández Oscar , Illades-Aguiar Berenice , Klünder-Klünder Miguel , Márquez-González Horacio , Chávez-López Adrián , Luna-Pineda Victor M.
Published: August 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus (CoV)-2 infection in children and adolescents primarily causes mild or asymptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and severe illness is mainly associated with comorbidities. However, the worldwide prevalence of COVID-19 in this population is only 1%–2%. In Mexico, the prevalence of COVID-19 in children has increased to 10%. As serology-based studies are scarce, we analyzed the clinical features and serological response (SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins) of children and adolescents who visited the Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez (October 2020–March 2021). The majority were 9-year-old children without comorbidities who were treated as outpatients and had mild-to-moderate illness. Children aged 6–10 years and adolescents aged 11–15 years had the maximum number of symptoms, including those with obesity. Nevertheless, children with comorbidities such as immunosuppression, leukemia, and obesity exhibited the lowest antibody response, whereas those aged 1–5 years with heart disease had the highest levels of antibodies. The SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain-localized peptides and M and E proteins had the best antibody response. In conclusion, Mexican children and adolescents with COVID-19 represent a heterogeneous population, and comorbidities play an important role in the antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Plovdiv - language diversity
Authors: Petrova Elka
Published: August 2022

The present poster presents a systematized and summarized form the process and the main results of a study conducted regarding the nature of the language situation in the city of Plovdiv, in particular the state of the ratio of ethnic and linguistic diversity from the time of the declaration of the city of Plovdiv as the capital of Eastern Roumelia to the present day, with a view to the data of the last fully processed population census of the Republic of Bulgaria in 2011 (a census in the Republic of Bulgaria was also conducted in 2021, but its results are in the process of processing and are expected at the end of 2022). Compared to modern times, the city of Plovdiv is part of the Republic of Bulgaria. The official language today is Bulgarian. Ethnic and linguistic diversity has been preserved over the years, and today, after Bulgarian, the most common languages spoken in the city of Plovdiv are Turkish and Romani. According to the census of 1880, Plovdiv had 24,053 inhabitants: 10,909 Bulgarians, 5,558 Turks, 4,781 Greeks, 865 Gypsies, 806 Armenians, and 1,134 Jews. The numerical superiority of the Bulgarians was preserved and strengthened in the following years, as seen from the census made on January 1, 1885. Plovdiv has 33,442 inhabitants of them: 16,752 Bulgarians, 7,144 Turks, 5,497 Greeks, 2,168 Jews, 1,061 Armenians, etc. This predominance of Bulgarians remains relevant today, as urbanization and globalization have resulted in the emergence of many more minority groups.The study was implemented as part of the activities of the national fundamental project" Plovdiv - from a multilingual and multicultural center of Eastern Rоumelia to the European Capital of Culture". The author expresses his sincere gratitude to the "Scientific Research" Fund at the Ministry of Education and Culture and the "Scientific and Project Activity" Division at Plovdiv University "Paisiy Hilendarski" for the assistance provided.
Portal Venous Access Training: A Novel Model For Hands On Procedural Skills Training
Authors: Stibbs Peter , Bartlett B. , Woo J. , Ware C. , Kelley J.
Published: August 2022

Recently, new procedural techniques,TIPS stent technology, and indications for TIPS have emerged. As a result, practices and outcomes vary greatly across institutions and significant knowledge gaps exist.¹ Trans Jugular Intra Hepatic Portosystemic Shunting is a complex endovascular procedure performed to reduce portal venous hypertension but to date, a viable hands-on model to train resident physicians to perform the procedure has not been available or practical outside the confines of an animal model. We attempt to create an effective non- animal model for use in portal venous system access training.
A comparative study: conventional and modified serpentine micromixers
Authors: Gidde Ranjitsinha R. , Wangikar Sandeep S. , Pawar Prashant M. , Ronge Babruvahan P.
Published: August 2022

The study of flow and mixing dynamics for conventional micromixers as well as micromixers with split and recombine (SAR) units has been carried out using laminar and transport diluted physics modules. Initially, a pilot numerical analysis was done for the basic Y-shaped curved, rectangular and triangular serpentine micromixers. Later, SAR units have been added to these basic designs and the effect of SAR units on the performance characteristics viz., mixing index, pressure drop, performance index and pumping power has been studied. In-depth qualitative analysis was also carried out to visualize the flow and mixing dynamics for the Reynolds number in the range from 0.1–50. The study results revealed that the square shaped chambers and circular obstacle based rectangular serpentine micromixer (SCCO-RSM) demonstrated better performance as compared to the other designs. The proposed micromixer is the better candidate for microfluidics applications such as Lab-On-a-Chip (LOC), Micro-Total-Analysis-Systems (µTAS) and Point of Care Testing (POCT), etc.
VANİLİN VE NİSİNİN LİSTERİA MONOCYTOGENES ÜZERİNE İNHİBİSYON ETKİSİNİN YANIT YÜZEY YÖNTEMİ İLE BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: POLAT YEMİŞ Gökçe
Published: August 2022

Bu araştırmada, vanilin ve nisinin ılımlı sıcaklık koşullarında Listeria monocytogenes inaktivasyonu üzerine etkisi yanıt yüzey yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. L. monocytogenes inhibisyonunda vanilin konsantrasyonu (0.5–1.5 mg/mL), nisin konsantrasyonu (5–10 IU/mL), sıcaklık (45–55C) ve süre (2–6 dak.) bağımsız değişkenlerinin etkisini belirlemek için merkezi kompozit tasarımı kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen ikinci dereceden model ile, vanilin konsantrasyonu, nisin konsantrasyonu ve sıcaklığın inhibisyon üzerine önemli bir etkiye sahip olduğu buna karşın sürenin ise önemsiz olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu çalışma, 1.5 mg/mL vanilin, 10 IU/mL nisin, 55°C sıcaklık ve 5.77 dakikalık uygulamanın L. monocytogenes inaktivasyonu için optimum koşullar olduğu ve bu koşullar ile 7.16 logaritmik azalmanın sağlanabileceğini ortaya koymuştur. Ilımlı sıcaklık koşullarında nisin ve vanilinin birlikte kullanımı gıdalarda L. monocytogenes kontrolü açısından gelecek vaat etmektedir.
Benefícios da neurofacilitação no tratamento da Esclerose Múltipla: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Alcântara Poliana Victória Carmo de , Cruz Ana Paula , Santos Glícia , Magalhães Yasmin , Belitardo Suzana , Menezes Nívea , Fernandes Fernanda , Santos Dayana Da Silva , Ferrari Laís
Published: August 2022

Introdução: A Neurofacilitação está entre as opções de condutas fisioterapêuticas para que o paciente com Esclerose Múltipla (EM) possa desenvolver sua capacidade funcional e assim, contribuir para uma melhoria significativa na qualidade de vida. Objetivo: Identificar os benefícios da aplicação de técnicas de neurofacilitação no tratamento fisioterapêutico da EM. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática de ensaios clínicos randomizados, construída de acordo com as diretrizes do protocolo PRISMA-P, com buscas eletrônicas nas bases de dados PEDro, PubMed e BVS, utilizando como critérios de inclusão: apenas estudos do tipo ensaio clínico randomizado, realizados em humanos, nos idiomas inglês e português, que abordassem as técnicas de neurofacilitação em pacientes com EM. Resultados: Foram encontrados 395 artigos, dos quais 391 foram excluídos. Foram selecionados 4 estudos publicados ente 2018 e 2021. Conclusão: Foi demonstrado que a Neurofacilitação pode trazer diversos benefícios aos pacientes com Esclerose Múltipla. Entretanto, mais ensaios clínicos são necessários para ratificação destes achados.
Validade do instrumento para triagem de domicílios em risco de insegurança alimentar em diversos estratos da população brasileira
Authors: Carvalho Renata Elyonara de Sousa , Poblacion Ana , Gouveia Allan Victor da Silveira , Correia Maria Eduarda Guimarães , Segall-Corrêa Ana Maria , Cook John , Silveira Jonas Augusto Cardoso da
Published: August 2022

A ausência de instrumentos de triagem de risco para insegurança alimentar compromete a capacidade de avaliar, monitorar e ofertar assistência imediata a pessoas em situação de fome, especialmente durante emergências, como a crise da COVID-19. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi testar a validade do instrumento de Triagem para Risco de Insegurança Alimentar (TRIA), em diversos estratos da população brasileira. A TRIA é composta pelas questões 2 e 4 da Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar (EBIA), validada, originalmente, a partir de dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Demografia e Saúde da Criança e da Mulher (PNDS 2006). Neste estudo, utilizando dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD 2013), testou-se sua reprodutibilidade por meio da repetição dos procedimentos combinatórios originais, examinando se os parâmetros de sensibilidade, especificidade, acurácia e valores preditivos positivo (VPP) e negativo (VPN) resultariam no mesmo arranjo de questões. Ainda, analisou-se a validade convergente comparando a força de associação entre insegurança alimentar e variáveis alimentares por meio de dois modelos de regressão binomial (TRIA x EBIA). Os resultados indicaram que a combinação das questões 2 e 4 apresentou melhor desempenho entre os estratos populacionais estudados, além de ótima validade convergente. O VPP e VPN ajustado pela prevalência de insegurança alimentar nos estados variou de 42,8% (Santa Catarina) a 87,6% (Amazonas) e 95,8% (Amazonas) a 99,5% (Santa Catarina), respectivamente. Em conclusão, além de ser reprodutível, a TRIA apresentou excelentes parâmetros de validade, sobretudo em grupos vulnerabilizados. Assim, seu uso pode ser recomendado na prática assistencial e como instrumento de vigilância alimentar e nutricional no Brasil.
O Infinito Infantil: Caminhos de Alteridade na Ludoterapia de Axline
Authors: Vasconcelos Alice , Souza Sandra
Published: August 2022

Resumo A Ludoterapia humanista de Axline postula que as vivências terapêuticas se dão através do brincar. Este artigo buscou refletir possíveis lacunas éticas e o lugar da alteridade na relação ludoterapêutica, a partir do filósofo Emmanuel Lévinas. A alteridade em Lévinas exige sensibilidade que se afeta com a diferença e remete à escuta ética. Encontrar a criança em atendimento é lidar com uma alteridade absoluta, em uma comunicação lúdica. Conclui-se que o ludoterapeuta precisa ir em direção à criança, por vias de afetação e responsabilidade. Ademais, embora existam desencontros entre a LCC e a ética levinasiana, postula-se que há caminhos de aproximação no acolhimento oferecido e na consideração da criança enquanto pessoa, ativa em seu processo terapêutico.
Singularidade e falibilismo: um diálogo inicial entre Milton Erickson e Charles Peirce
Authors: Gonçalves Hugo Nogueira
Published: August 2022

Resumo Este trabalho busca desenvolver uma aproximação entre o pensamento de Milton Erickson (1901-1980) e Charles Peirce (1839-1914), focalizando as noções de singularidade e falibilismo, com o objetivo de demonstrar as semelhanças existentes, o papel que desempenham em suas obras, como se relacionam e as implicações teóricas que geram para a hipnose. Descreve-se brevemente como o contexto histórico de cada um influenciou suas concepções iniciais. Em seguida, discute-se o modo como o falibilismo presente na concepção de semiose considera a singularidade dos fenômenos existentes e viabiliza o sinequismo, bem como os processos de evolução constante por meio de mudança de hábitos. Este estudo desenvolve a observação de Erickson sobre o sujeito enquanto signo representante de experiências de vida e relaciona as implicações teóricas do conceito de mente como semiose em torno do processo constitutivo de fenômenos acessíveis em experiência de transe.
BRAZIL’S COMPETITIVENESS IN EXPORTATION OF FOREST PRODUCTS FROM 2008 TO 2018
Authors: Santos Helenice Furtado , Silva Márcio Lopes da , Soares Naisy Silva , Diniz Felipe Firmino , Coelho Junior Luiz Moreira
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT This article aims to analyze Brazil’s global competitiveness in the exportation of forest products from 2008 to 2018. Data on importation and exportation were obtained from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - FAO, while Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Contribution to Trade Balance (CTB), and Terms of Trade (TOT) were the indicators used to measure international trade. The main results show that Brazil has a positive trade balance for forest products, mainly for wood pulp exports. Brazil’s RCA for forest products was classified as moderate to strong. As for the forest product groups, it was strong for wood pulp, weak to moderate for wood panels, weak for paper and paperboard, weak to nonexpressive for timber, and non-expressive for industrial roundwood and wood fuel. Based on Brazil’s CTB, all the forest product groups have a comparative advantage, except wood fuel. Brazil’s TOT was strong for wood panels, timber, industrial roundwood, wood pulp, in order from most to least expressive. In conclusion, Brazilian exports have comparative advantages and are competitive in the international market.
Limitantes para la participación en los Semilleros de Investigación
Authors: Gómez-Cano Carlos Alberto , Sánchez-Castillo Verenice , Estrada-Cely Gloria Elena
Published: August 2022

Introducción: Los Semilleros de Investigación-SI son una estrategia orientada a la consolidación de entramados entre docentes-investigación-estudiantes, en búsqueda de una educación de calidad. Sin embargo, en el contexto empírico de la presente investigación, representado por un programa académico de una Institución de Educación Superior-IES colombiana, se perciben tasas bajas de participación en actividades de investigación, evidenciando la existencia de restricciones y obstáculos en la dinámica de los colectivos interactuantes. Objetivo: Caracterizar los factores que limitan la participación de los estudiantes en los SI. Metodología: El diseño de la investigación es no experimental, de alcance descriptivo y enfoque mixto, pues se aplicaron entrevistas y encuestas a la comunidad académica involucrada, es decir, estudiantes, docentes y directivos de la IES. El procesamiento de los datos estuvo a cargo de los Software Excel y Atlas.ti. Resultados: Los estudiantes reconocen la importancia y valor agregado de los SI, sin embargo, poseen imaginarios erróneos en torno a su participación, así mismo expresan ciertos niveles de exclusión en los procesos de vinculación. Por su parte, los docentes y directivos enuncian ausencia de vocación y compromiso de los estudiantes, y, debilidades institucionales en la política de investigación. Conclusiones: La IES y el programa deben fortalecerse en dos dimensiones básicas: la construcción de tejido institucional, fortaleciendo la triada estudiantes-investigación-docente, para lo cual es indispensable procesos de formación permanente; y, además, forjar políticas institucionales que sirvan como brújula en la construcción del prenombrado tejido, garantizando articulación y sinergia entre los actores.
Histopathological Studies of Mulberry Roots Infested by Meloidogyne incognita (Sem Analysis)
Authors: Rani P. Victoria , Kumari N. Vijaya
Published: August 2022

Background: Root knot disease caused by the nematode Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chit wood is a serious problem in mulberry and causes severe damage to growth and development of plants. Root knot nematode alter or depletes nutritional values of mulberry leaves and adversely affects to the silkworm health in turn decreases cocoon quality and quantity. The anatomical changes in the roots due to nematode infestation affects the cocoon crop negatively, because mulberry leaves main food source for silkworm Bombyx mori L. ultimately leads to economic loss in silk industry. Methods: Hence the present study has been taken up to understand the histopathological changes that occur in the roots of mulberry V1 variety plants infested with nematode Meloidogyne incognita studied under the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) with an interval of 15 and 60 days after nematode inoculation. Result: After fifteen days the root samples have shown thick starchy grains were accumulated in the parenchymatous cells and intracellular movement of juveniles. Sixty days after the infested root samples had shown a number of large sized galls or knots. Ultra- structural observation of the root gall cross sections under scanning electron microscope revealed that serious anatomical changes occur in the infested mulberry root tissues.
Genetic Diversity, Population Structure and Biochemical Parameters Estimations Driving Variations in Groundnut Germplasm
Authors: Tomar Yashi Singh , Tiwari Sushma , Tripathi M.K. , Singh Sangeeta , Gupta Neha
Published: August 2022

Background: Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an exceedingly nutritious legume being employed for farming globally. The characterization of groundnut for genetic diversity and population structure can be used for unswerving detection of phenotype x genotype relations. Methods: The investigation was carried out with groundnut germplasm lines for nutritional and anti-nutritional profiling i.e., total sugars, proline, total amino acid, DPPH, phenol, phytic acid, flavonoid, lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) along with molecular characterization and population structure analysis for early and late leaf spot diseases. Result: The heat map ranged between (-4 to 4) and represents the level of expression of diverse biochemical parameters. The genetic diversity for markers S008 and S053 ranged between 0.2293 to 0.5269 and PIC values ranged between 0.203 to 0.4224 for S008 and S053 molecular markers, respectively. The number of sub populations (K) was constructed based on maximum likelihood and delta K (dK) values subdivided into three subgroups. Employing a membership probability threshold, 31 genotypes were allocated to subgroup (SG) 1, 15 genotypes to SG 2 and rest of the genotypes was mixed proportions.
An Impact Study on the Use of Telework during Covid-19 Pandemics
Authors: Vasilache Simona , Shakir Ahmed Hasan
Published: August 2022

In the context of the pandemic caused by Covid-19, an important aspect that was affected and changed was the way people communicate. Communication efficiency can be improved by using modern technologies, for example: mobile devices, digital audio and video platforms, text platforms, social media and more. For further economic success, digital skills are needed not only for executives, but also for managers, in order to be able to lead teams and avoid situations of stress and tension in the virtual environment. This scientific paper includes a primary research of how the pandemic affected the communication at the workplace. For this a qualitative analysis was first performed, in which the interview was used as a working tool. Next, on the basis of a questionnaire, a hypothesis was formulated and validated afterwards through multiple linear regression. This research highlighted the particularly important role of communication and, in this context, the role of the remote team leader. In order to keep the team motivated and interested in the virtual environment, the manager must use modern tools to motivate, support and express his appreciation when the team, respectively the members of his team, achieve their goals successfully.
Application and short-term effect of enhanced recovery after surgery on robotic distal gastric cancer surgery
Authors: Liu shan , wang chun , xing zhaodong , wang yuna , cai guohao , huang ping
Published: August 2022

BackgroudRobotic distal gastrectomy (RDG) has been increasingly used for the treatment of gastric cancer (GC). At the same time, enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) has been increasing used in all kinds of operations. However, how the clinical effect of ERAS combined with RDG yet to be researched more. Thus, this study aimed to To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of Robotic distal gastrectomy (RDG) and enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS).MethodsIn total, 52 patients were enrolled between July 2020 and January 2022 in this retrospective study. 26 patients underwent Robotic distal gastrectomy (RDG) was adopted with routine perioperative intervention while 26 patients adopted the ERAS mode. the general date (age,gender,BMI index,underlying disease), perioperative data (operationg methods postoperative hospital stay,postoperative inflammation: C-reactive protein,postoperative ambulation time,postoperative liq-uid food intake time, postoperative anal exhaust time, operation time,the number of lymph node dissection, intraoperative blood loss, hospitalization expenses,postoperative hospital stay), postoperative complication were compared between the two groups.ResultsThere is no different significantly in the general date, operation time,the number of lymph node dissection, intraoperative blood loss between this two groups(p>0.05), ERAS concept showed its advantages in release postoperative inflammation, reduce postoperative hospitalization stay and cost, cut down postoperative anal exhaust time, reduce postoperative complication (P < 0. 01). ConclusionsCollectively, ERAS results in accelerated convalescence, reduction of surgical stress and medical costs, improved nutritional status, and better quality of life for gastric cancer patients. However, high-quality multicenter randomized controlled trials with large samples and long-term follow-up are needed to more precisely evaluate ERAS in RDG.
18 Tb/s photonic digital signal processor for real time video image processing
Authors: Tan Mengxi , xu xingyuan , boes andreas , Corcoran Bill , Nguyen thach , Chu Sai , Little Brent , Morandotti Roberto , Wu Jiayang , Mitchell Arnan , Moss David
Published: August 2022

Digital signal processing has become central to many fields, from coherent optical telecommunications where it is used to compensate signal impairments, to video image processing. Image processing in particular is important for observational astronomy, medical diagnosis, autonomous driving, big data and particularly artificial intelligence. Digital signal processing is mainly performed electronically, but new applications, particularly those involving real time video image processing, are creating unprecedented demand for ultrahigh performance, including bandwidth and reduced energy consumption. Here, we demonstrate a photonic digital signal processor operating at 18 Terabits/s and use it to process multiple simultaneous video signals in real-time. The system processes 400,000 video signals concurrently, performing 34 functions simultaneously that are key to object edge detection, edge enhancement and motion blur. As compared with spatial-light devices used for image processing, our system is not only ultra-high speed but highly reconfigurable and programable, able to perform many different functions without any change to the physical hardware. Our approach, based on an integrated Kerr soliton crystal microcomb, opens up new avenues for ultrafast robotic vision and machine learning.
Impact of main living room’s ventilation quality on occurrence of obstructive pulmonary diseases (Asthma and COPD) in Medina (Senegal)
Authors: THIAM Salimata , DAFFE Mahammadoul Lamine , THIAM Khady , BA Awa NDONG , FAYE Adama , DIAW Mor , NDIOR Mathilde Cabral , BAH Fatoumata , TOURE Nafissatou Omar , FALL Mamadou
Published: August 2022

Indoor air pollution is the underlying cause of 4 million deaths worldwide, of which 11% is directly attributable to obstructive pulmonary disease. This study made it possible to characterize indoor air pollution in the Medina (Dakar) and to estimate occurrence risk of obstructive pulmonary diseases associated to lack of ventilation in main living room. This is a cross-sectional study combining a socio-demographic survey, air quality metrology (CO, PM10, NO, CO2) and a Functional Respiratory Assessment (spirometry). Estimation of the risk was carried out by logistic regression by adjusting for a certain number of factors. Participants are distributed between 27 households using mainly gas (55.56%) and charcoal (29.63%) as cooking fuel and closed kitchens with window (66.67%). Obstructive pulmonary diseases are noted with an estimated prevalence of 33.06%. Regarding pollutants, levels are below WHO guidelines: CO (3.81 ppm), CO2 (531.5 ppm), PM10 (0.27 µg/m3) and NO (2.88 µg/m3). In addition, study reveals an occurrence risk (AOR [95%CI]) of obstructive pulmonary diseases multiplied by 2.54 [1.27-5.08] where ventilation of main living room is medium and for exposure to poor ventilation, risk is multiplied by 2.06 [1.02-4.17]. These results therefore suggest indoor air quality, in particular renewal of air in main living room, as a factor determining residents respiratory health.
Tannins-lignin mixed nanoformulations for improving the potential of neem oil as fungicide agent
Authors: Falsini Sara , Nieri Tommaso , Paolini Aurora , Schiff Silvia , Papini Alessio , Mugnai Laura , Gonnelli Cristina , Ristori Sandra
Published: August 2022

Sustainability and circular economy are increasingly pushing for the search of natural materials to foster antiparasitic treatments, especially in the case of economically relevant agricultural cultivations, such as grapevine. In this work, we propose to deliver neem oil, a natural biopesticide loaded into novel nanovectors (nanocapsules) which were fabricated with a scalable procedure starting from Kraft lignin and grapeseed tannins. The ensuing formulations were characterized in terms of size and Zeta potential, showing that almost all the nanocapsules had size in the suitable range for delivery purposes (mean diameter 150-300 nm), with low polydispersity and sufficient stability to ensure long shelf life. The target microorganisms were three reference fungal pathogens of grapevine (Botrytis cinerea, Phaeoacremonium minimum, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora), responsible for recurrent diseases on this crop: grey mold or berry rot by B. cinerea and diseases of grapevine wood within the Esca complex of diseases. Results showed that grapeseed tannins did not promote inhibitory effects, nor alone nor in combination with Kraft lignin. On the contrary, the efficacy of neem oil against P. minimum was boosted by more than 1-2 orders of magnitude and the parasite growth inhibition was higher with respect to a widely used commercial pesticide, while no additional activity was detected against P. chlamydospora and B. cinerea.
Development and Performance Evaluation of a Multi-Roller Abrasive Cassava Peeling Machine
Authors: Iwediba Isaac Ifeanyi , Onyeukwu Jude Kelechi
Published: August 2022

A multi-roller abrasive cassava peeling machine comprising of a feed section, cassava peeling chamber, peeling rollers, abrasive surface, cassava tuber discharge chute, waste peel chute, was designed, fabricated and evaluated. The machine is powered by a 2Hp electric motor fitted with a gear box as a speed reducer and controlled by an electric switch which starts and stops the movement of the peeling rollers during peeling process. The results of its performance tests indicated 91%, 2.17Kg/min and 0.9% as the peeling efficiency, throughput capacity and proportion by weight of peel of the machine respectively. Also, the operational speed of the abrasive peeling rollers at these performance indicators is 355rpm. The cassava peeling machine fabricated with standard and locally sourced materials eliminated the drudgery and loss of time problems encountered in the manual peeling operation and existing machines, peeled tubers of desired quality and acceptable quality and at a fast rate.
Nitric oxide is a host cue for Salmonella Typhimurium systemic infection in mice
Authors: Jiang Lingyan , Li Wanwu , Hou Xi , Ma Shuai , Wang Xinyue , Yan Xiaolin , Yang Bin , Huang Di , Liu Bin , Feng Lu
Published: August 2022

Nitric oxide (NO) is produced as an innate immune response against microbial infections. Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium), the major causative pathogen of human gastroenteritis, induces more severe systemic disease in mice. However, host factors contributing to the difference in species-related virulence are unknown. Here, we report that host NO production promotes S. Typhimurium replication in mouse macrophages at the early infection stage by activating Salmonella pathogenicity island-2 (SPI-2). The NO signaling-induced SPI-2 activation is mediated by Fnr and PhoP/Q two-component regulatory system. NO (5–20 μM) significantly induced fnr transcription, while Fnr directly activated phoP/Q transcription. Mouse infection assays revealed a NO-dependent increase in bacterial burden in systemic organs during the initial days of infection, indicating an early contribution of host NO to virulence. It is likely that this pathway is not activated in human macrophages, owing to the lack of NO production. This study reveals a novel host signaling-mediated virulence activation pathway in S. Typhimurium that contributes significantly to its systemic infection in mice, providing important insights into Salmonella pathogenesis and host–pathogen interaction.
Don't Burn Up: Northern peat fire emissions and the remaining carbon budget
Authors: Wilkinson Sophie , Andersen Roxane , Moore Paul , Davidson Scott , Granath Gustaf , Waddington J
Published: August 2022

Despite estimates of climate target’s remaining carbon budget (RCB) informing critical policy, most climate projections do not account for peatland ecosystem processes, including the contribution of current or future peatland wildfires to global carbon emissions. Here, we provide the first estimate of the carbon emissions associated with non-permafrost northern peatlands that specifically includes both wildfire combustion and post-fire carbon dynamics. The inclusion of wildfire reduced the carbon sink from -59.5 ± 32.2 to -17.9 ± 45.7 g C m-2 yr-1 in natural (pristine) peatlands while degraded peatlands represented a consistent source of carbon (218.6 ± 48.1 g C m-2 yr-1). We find that small increases in average burn severity or peatland area burned (from 0.5 to 0.8 % yr-1) could tip northern peatlands from a net carbon sink to a net source, illustrating the critical importance of peatland wildfire emissions and their accounting to the RCB for global climate targets.
Relationship between PEEP levels, central venous pressure, systemic inflammation and AKI in critically ill ventilated COVID-19 patients. A monocenter retrospective study
Authors: Basse Pierre , Morisson Louis , Barthélémy Romain , Julian Nathan , Kindermans Manuel , Collet Magalie , Huot Benjamin , Gayat Etienne , Mebazaa Alexandre , Chousterman Benjamin G.
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
The role of positive pressure ventilation, central venous pressure (CVP) and inflammation on the occurrence of acute renal failure (AKI) have been poorly described in mechanically ventilated patient secondary to Sars-Cov-2 infection (Covid-19).
Methods
This was a monocenter retrospective cohort study of consecutive ventilated COVID-19 patients admitted in a French surgical ICU between Mars 2020 et July 2020. Worsening renal function (WRF) was defined as development of a new AKI or a persistent AKI during the five days after mechanical ventilation initiation. We studied the association between WRF and ventilatory parameters including positive end pressure (PEEP), CVP, and leukocytes count.
Results
57 patients were included, 12 (21%) presented WRF. Daily PEEP, 5 days mean PEEP and daily CVP values were not associated with occurrence of WRF. 5 days mean CVP was higher in the WRF group compared to patients without WRF (median 12 [IQR, 11–13] mmHg vs 10 [9–12] mmHg, p = 0.03). Multivariate models with adjustment on leukocytes and SAPS II confirmed the association between CVP value and risk of WRF, odd ratio: 1.97 (IC95: 1.12–4.33). Leukocytes count was also associated with occurrence of WRF (14.3 [11.3–17.5]) G/L in the WRF group vs 9.2 [8.1–11.1] G/L in the no-WRF group) (p = 0,002).
Conclusion
In Mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients, PEEP levels did not appear to influence occurrence of WRF. High CVP levels and leukocytes count are associated with risk of WRF.
On the non-linearity of radon-induced lung cancer
Authors: Rosenberger Albert , Bickeböller Heike , Christiani David C , Liu Geoffrey , Schabath Matthew B , Duarte Luisa F. , Marchand Loic Le , Haiman Christopher , Landi Teresa , Consonni Dario , Field John K , Davies Michael P.A. , Albanes Demetrios , Tardon Adonina , Fernández-Tardón Guillermo , Rennert Gad , Rennert Hedy , Amos Christopher I , Hung Rayjean J
Published: August 2022

Background: Exposure to low doses of the radioactive gas radon, as found indoors in dwellings, has been consistently shown to be a risk factor for lung cancer (LC). The linear-no-threshold hypothesis (LNT) is often applied to estimate excess odds ratios or population attributable risks, albeit this LNT assumption remains debated. Aim/Method: We investigate the profile of radon-induced LC-risk in a sample of 8,927 cases and 5,562 controls of the International Lung Cancer Consortium (ILCCO), contributed by studies with sufficient exposure heterogeneity. Spatial indoor-radon exposure in the residential area (sIR) obtained from the national surveys were linked to the participants’ residential geo-location. Parametric linear- and spline-functions were fitted within framework of logistic regression. Results: We observed a U-shaped dose-risk relation, with the lowest risk exposure level (LRE) being 57.6 Bq/m³ (95%.CI: 56.1-59.2 Bq/m³). The risk of overall-LC at 25 Bq/m³ (OR=1.31, 95%-CI: 1.01-1.59) was comparable to that at 100 Bq/m³ (OR=1.34, 95%-CI: 1.20-1.45). Regarding histological subtypes, we observed the strongest risk for small-cell LC, and weak association for squamous-cell LC with no association below 58 Bq/m³. Conclusion: Our results showed a U-shaped risk-profile for radon-induced LC risk at very low exposure levels (sIR<200 Bq/m³), lowest in areas of mean indoor radon levels of about 58 Bq/m³. Risk profiles differ between histological subtypes, and sex, age and smoking behaviour modify the lowest risk thresholds. sIR is a useful proxy for radon exposure, and the linearity-no-threshold assumption in this data seems not optimal for the dose-response relation of sIR less than 200 Bq/m³.
Microbiome Mediates Development of PTSD and Resilience
Authors: Feldman Ruth , Yirmiya Karen , Turjeman Sondra , Shtossel Oshrit , Zagoory-Sharon Orna , Moadi Lelyan , Louzoun Yoram , Koren Omry
Published: August 2022

Identification of youth at risk for post-traumatic pathology is critical for public health, medicine, and social policy but research has not yet succeeded in pinpointing biomarkers that can distinguish the post-traumatic from the resilient profile in contexts of trauma. As trauma alters the microbiome with lasting effects on the host, the current longitudinal, multi-measure, cross-species study sought to outline the microbial signature of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We followed a unique trauma-exposed cohort for 15 years, from early childhood to adolescence, repeatedly assessing post-traumatic symptomatology. Gut microbiome composition and diversity characterized post-traumatic pathology, distinguished youth with PTSD from resilient individuals, and mediated the continuity of post-traumatic disorder. Mother-child microbial synchrony was reduced in cases of PTSD, suggesting that diminished microbial concordance among family members may index susceptibility to post-traumatic illness. Germ-free mice transplanted with PTSD microbiomes compared with those receiving resilient microbiomes exhibited anxious behavior. Our findings provide causative evidence that the microbial trauma profile is at least partially responsible for the trauma-related phenotype and highlight microbial underpinnings of resilience. Our results suggest that the microbial ecology may serve as additional biological memory of early life stress and underscore the potential for microbiome-related diagnosis and treatment following trauma exposure.
Therapeutic capability of selected medicinal plants' bioactive constituents against the mutant ovarian TP53 gene; A computational approach.
Authors: Raheem Kayode Yomi , Ibukunoluwa Fawehinmi Praise , Olorundare Solomon Ayodele , Abayomi Modinat Aina , Uchechukwu Egbe Justine , Adewunmi Mary , Kuyet Zichat blessing , Anthony Modupe Mercy , Gbadebo Mary Ikeoluwa
Published: August 2022

Background
The pivotal role of mutant P53 protein in Ovarian cancer and the efficacy of natural compounds in cancer treatment necessitated the current study to identify novel mutant P53 modulators from medicinal plants. Homology modelling was deployed to assemble the 3-D structure of the mutant P53 protein from its amino acid sequences, while Findsitecom2.0 was used to predict the active binding site of the mutant P53 protein model. The bioactive constituents obtained from seven plants were used as ligands and docked against the binding pocket of mutant P53 protein. Autodock tools, PyRx and Discovery Studio, were used to prepare the protein, dock the ligands and visualize the complexes, respectively. Thiotepa and Germcitabine were used as reference drugs. The hit compounds were selected based on their highest binding affinity and further analyzed to identify their pharmacokinetic properties and acute Rat Toxicity using SWISSADME and Gusar, with their electronic properties calculated using the density functional theory(DFT) method.
Results
Screening results of 50 bioactive phytochemicals confirmed that 15 leads showed superior binding energies to mutant P53 as compared to the standard FDA-approved drugs (Thiotepa and Germcitabine with binding scores of -3.5 and − 5.4, respectively). After considering their drug-like, pharmacokinetic properties and acute toxicity prediction, four major hits (Morusin, Irinotecan, Rubitecan, and 10-hydroxycamptothecin) were identified to have minimal toxicities and are safe to be used. The DFT calculations showed regions of the molecules prone to electrophilic and nucleophilic attacks.
Conclusions
The current study revealed drug-like compounds that can serve as potential modulators of mutant P53 in Ovarian cancer treatment.
Effect of short-term use of FFP2 mask on salivary metabolome of young healthy volunteers: A pilot study.
Authors: Islam Sk Ramiz , Prusty Debasish , Dutta Raju , Maiti Subhadip , Chattopadhyay Partha , Manna Soumen Kanti
Published: August 2022

Use of face mask has become an integral part of public life in the post-pandemic era. However, the understanding of the effect of wearing mask on physiology remains incomplete and is required for informing public health policies. Earlier studies indicated changes in breath and blood gas composition upon wearing FFP2 mask. For the first time, we report analysis of the effect of wearing FFP2 mask on metabolic composition of saliva, a proximal matrix to breath. Un-induced saliva was collected from healthy volunteers (n =10) before and after wearing FFP2 mask for 30 minutes and analyzed. Results showed that such short-term mask use did not cause any significant change in heart rate, pulse rate and SpO2. The individuality of overall salivary metabotype was found to be robust and unaffected by mask use. There were marginal increases in relative abundances of L-fucose, 5-aminovaleric acid, putrescine, phloretic acid and benzenepropionic acid. Results indicated that while there were no adverse changes in physiological parameters and salivary metabotype, mask use was associated with changes in microbial metabolic activity. Consequences of such changes remain to be examined. However, these might explain change in odour perception that was reported to be associated with mask use.
Extraction and Discussion of Influencing Factors in Self-driving Ethical Decision
Authors: Liu Guoman , Luo Yufeng , Sheng Jing
Published: August 2022

At present, many scholars found many influencing factors in self-driving ethical decision by the way of questionnaire and theoretical researches. However, the important influencing factors can’t still be extracted and determined in self-driving ethical decision, which is not conducive to construct decision model and framework in moral dilemmas and causes information overlap and interference by multi-variable and multi-collinearity. Therefore, it is necessary to extract a few important factors from these influencing factors in self-driving ethical decision. 116 normal dilemmas and 10 comparative dilemmas, in which there are only two influencing factors to be compared, are designed to be surveyed in this paper. According to the probability of the straight choosing as protector, the comparative result and location in decision tree model, the importance is determined in self-driving ethical decision, then a few important influencing factors are extracted and determined in self-driving ethical decision. Eventually, these factors of species, harm, traffic laws, number, age and self-interests are regard as the important influencing factors in self-driving ethical decision, which provide a few theoretical guidance to construct and design model and framework in self-driving ethical decision for car manufactures. Furthermore, they provide a few references to formulate traffic laws and regulations related to self-driving technology for traffic management authentication.