bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The application of Kunnan’s test fairness framework (TFF) on a reading comprehension test
Authors: Moghadam M. , Nasirzadeh F.
Published: July 2020

The present study tries to investigate the fairness of an English reading comprehension test employing Kunnan’s (2004) test fairness framework (TFF) as the most comprehensive model available for test fairness. The participants of this study comprised 300 freshman students taking general English course chosen based on the availability sampling, three test developers, and seven university officials, administering the test. The main instrument is the teacher-made reading comprehension test to examine its validity, reliability, and differential item functioning (DIF). Furthermore, to examine the other modules of TFF, namely, access, administration, and social consequence, a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews with the test developers and test administrators were applied. In order to analyze the data, exploratory factor analysis is used to evaluate test validity employing Minitab software. Moreover, t test and ANOVA were used to examine the disparate impact of the test using SPSS package. Furthermore, the Mantel-Haenszel procedure is applied to determine the DIF, while coding the required formulas in R programming. The frequencies of different aspects of access and test administration are explained and consolidated by qualitative data gleaned from interview sessions. Examining the data with respect to TFF modules, it was concluded the test must be enhanced in terms of validity, while it is totally fair. The statistical procedure and the mixed research design implemented in the present study can be a sound model to be applied by test developers to enhance the test fairness of the exams.
Correction to: Contrast diversity patterns and processes of microbial community assembly in a river-lake continuum across a catchment scale in northwestern China
Authors: Tang Xiangming , Xie Guijuan , Shao Keqiang , Hu Yang , Cai Jian , Bai Chengrong , Gong Yi , Gao Guang
Published: July 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Should Heartbeats/Training Session Be Considered When Comparing the Cardiovascular Benefits of High-Intensity Interval Aerobic and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training? A Critical Appraisal
Authors: Rodrigues Jhennyfer Aline Lima , Philbois Stella Vieira , de Paula Facioli Tábata , Gastaldi Ada Clarice , de Souza Hugo Celso Dutra
Published: July 2020

The prescription of physical training as a therapeutic measure in the treatment and control of chronic degenerative diseases, mainly cardiovascular disease and metabolic disease, is an increasingly used clinical approach, often preceding the pharmacological prescription. Despite the advances in exercise physiology and cardio functional performance in recent decades, the main challenge is to identify the most appropriate modality, intensity, and training volume for each pathophysiological situation. In this case, the superiority of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) over moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) has been questioned, since many studies have shown similar results in the different physiological parameters evaluated, especially regarding cardiorespiratory fitness, cardiovascular autonomic control, and cardiac morpho functionality. The cause of conflicting results observed by different studies may be related to standardization, application, and comparison of the two protocols. HIIT would have a higher number of heartbeats compared to MICT, when maintaining high heart rate is disregarded. In this since, our hypothesis for the greatest gains in cardiorespiratory fitness and in the autonomic and cardiovascular adaptations promoted by HIIT is based on the higher volume of training performed as a function of the higher number of heartbeats per unit of time, since the intermittence was calculated based on a percentage of maximum heart rate or reserve heart rate. Nevertheless, the intermittency between the established heart rate percentages is not necessarily accompanied by the intermittent heart rate. Therefore, considering and matching the number of heartbeats performed per training session in both models seems to be a more appropriate way to compare the two training protocols.
Biosafety steps in the manufacturing process of spray-dried plasma: a review with emphasis on the use of ultraviolet irradiation as a redundant biosafety procedure
Authors: Blázquez Elena , Rodríguez Carmen , Ródenas Jesús , Segalés Joaquim , Pujols Joan , Polo Javier
Published: July 2020

Spray dried plasma (SDP) is a functional protein source obtained from blood of healthy animals, approved by the veterinary authorities from animals declared to be fit for slaughter for human consumption. Blood of these animals is collected at the slaughterhouse, treated with an anticoagulant, chilled and transported to industrial facilities in which blood is centrifuged to separate the red blood cells from the plasma fraction. Plasma is then concentrated, and spray dried at high temperatures (80 °C throughout its substance) to convert it in a powder. Such method preserves the biological activity of its proteins, mainly albumins and globulins. SDP is mainly used in pig feed diets to significantly improve daily gain, feed intake, production efficiency, and to reduce post-weaning lag caused by the appearance of post-weaning diarrhea. Although SDP is considered a safe product and its manufacturing process consists of several biosafety steps, the security of the SDP is often questioned due to its nature as raw blood by-product, especially when emergent or re-emergent pathogens appear. This review provides an evaluation and validation of the different safety steps present in the manufacturing process of SDP, with special focus on a new redundant pathogen inactivation step, the UV-C irradiation, that may be implemented in the manufacturing process of the SDP. Overall results showed that the manufacturing process of SDP is safe and the UV-C radiation was effective in inactivating a wide range of bacteria and viruses spiked and naturally present in commercially collected liquid animal plasma and it can be implemented as a redundant biosafety step in the manufacturing process of the SDP.
Safety and feasibility of a Dalcroze eurhythmics and a simple home exercise program among older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild dementia: the MOVE for your MIND pilot trial
Authors: Fischbacher Melanie , Chocano-Bedoya Patricia Orializ , Meyer Ursina , Bopp Irene , Mattle Michèle , Kressig Reto Werner , Egli Andreas , Bischoff-Ferrari Heike Annette
Published: July 2020

Background

Falls represent a major health problem for older adults with cognitive impairment, and the effects of exercise for fall reduction are understudied in this population. This pilot randomized controlled trial evaluated the feasibility, safety, and exploratory effectiveness of a Dalcroze eurhythmics program and a home exercise program designed for fall prevention in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or early dementia.

Methods

For this three-arm, single-blind, 12-month randomized controlled pilot trial, we recruited community-dwelling women and men age 65 years and older with MCI or early dementia through participating memory clinics in Zurich, Switzerland. Participants were randomly assigned to a Dalcroze eurhythmics group program, a simple home exercise program (SHEP), or a non-exercise control group. All participants received 800 IU of vitamin D3 per day. The main objective of the study was to test the feasibility of recruitment and safety of the interventions. Additional outcomes included fall rate, gait performance, and cognitive function.

Results

Over 12 months, 221 older adults were contacted and 159 (72%) were screened via telephone. Following screening, 12% (19/159) met the inclusion criteria and were willing to participate. One participant withdrew at the end of the baseline visit and 18 were randomized to Dalcroze eurhythmics (n = 7), SHEP (n = 5), or control (n = 6). Adherence was similarly low in the Dalcroze eurhythmics group (56%) and in the SHEP group (62%; p = 0.82). Regarding safety and pilot clinical endpoints, there were no differences between groups.

Conclusion

The MOVE for your MIND pilot study showed that recruitment of older adults with MCI or early dementia for long-term exercise interventions is challenging. While there were no safety concerns, adherence to both exercise programs was low.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02279316. Registered on 31 October 2014
The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 are distinctly different paradigms
Authors: McLachlan Craig Steven
Published: July 2020

There is current debate concerning the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs), for hypertension management, during COVID-19 infection. Specifically, the suggestion has been made that ACE inhibitors or ARBs could theoretically contribute to infection via increasing ACE2 receptor expression and hence increase viral load. The ACE2 receptor is responsible for binding the SAR-CoV2 viral spike and causing COVID-19 infection. What makes the argument somewhat obtuse for ACE inhibitors or ARBs is that ACE2 receptor expression can be increased by compounds that activate or increase the expression of SIRT1. Henceforth common dietary interventions, vitamins and nutrients may directly or indirectly influence the cellular expression of the ACE2 receptor. There are many common compounds that can increase the expression of the ACE2 receptor including Vitamin C, Metformin, Resveratrol, Vitamin B3 and Vitamin D. It is important to acknowledge that down-regulation or blocking the cellular ACE2 receptor will likely be pro-inflammatory and may contribute to end organ pathology and mortality in COVID-19. In conclusion from the perspective of the ACE2 receptor, COVID-19 prevention and treatment are distinctly different. This letter reflects on this current debate and suggests angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and ARBs are likely beneficial during COVID-19 infection for hypertensive and normotensive patients.
Identification of candidate biomarkers and pathways associated with psoriasis using bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Luo Yongqi , Luo Yangyang , Chang Jing , Xiao Zhenghui , Zhou Bin
Published: July 2020

Background

The aim of this study was to identify the candidate biomarkers and pathways associated with psoriasis. GSE13355 and GSE14905 were extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Then the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with |logFC| > 2 and adjusted P < 0.05 were chosen. In addition, the Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses for DEGs were performed. Then, the GO terms with P < 0.05 and overlap coefficient greater than 0.5 were integrated by EnrichmentMap. Additionally, risk subpathways analysis for DEGs was also conducted by using the iSubpathwayMiner package to obtain more psoriasis-related DEGs and pathways. Finally, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis was performed to identify the hub genes, and the DGIdb database was utilized to search for the candidate drugs for psoriasis.

Results

A total of 127 DEGs which were mostly associated with keratinization, keratinocyte differentiation, and epidermal cell differentiation biological processes were identified. Based on these GO terms, 3 modules (human skin, epidermis and cuticle differentiation, and enzyme activity) were constructed. Moreover, 9 risk subpathways such as steroid hormone biosynthesis, folate biosynthesis, and pyrimidine metabolism were screened. Finally, PPI network analysis demonstrated that CXCL10 was the hub gene with the highest degree, and CXCR2, CXCL10, IVL, OASL, and ISG15 were the potential gene targets of the drugs for treating psoriasis.

Conclusion

Psoriasis may be mostly caused by keratinization, keratinocyte differentiation, and epidermal cell differentiation; the pathogeneses were more related with pathways such as steroid hormone biosynthesis, folate biosynthesis, and pyrimidine metabolism. Besides, some psoriasis-related genes such as SPRR genes, HSD11B1, GGH, CXCR2, IVL, OASL, ISG15, and CXCL10 may be important targets in psoriatic therapy.
Social networks as tools for the prevention and promotion of health among youth
Authors: García del Castillo José Antonio , García del Castillo-López Álvaro , Dias Paulo César , García-Castillo Fernando
Published: July 2020

The emergence of information and communication technologies (ICT) has generated a number of research questions, related to their use and potential risk, but also potentials for prevention or health promotion. Online social networks have become an important source of information for users as well as a tool for social relations. As traditional social networks, they can act as vehicles to improve the health of adolescents and youth, as well as play a key role in an educational context. The aim of this work is then to explore the theoretical relevance of ICT, particularly on online social networks, on disease prevention and health promotion of communicable diseases. Literature review points out the role of online social networks, particularly in the field of sexual health, body image, especially eating habits and overweight, as well as smoking and alcohol dependence. Data allow us to understand how online social network behavior and interaction is related to their burden and interventions developed in sexual health and addiction show positive results. More efforts in body image are needed in order to use these tools for prevention and promotion of health from early age.
PRECURSORS AND NUTRITIENT STATUS EFFECT ON THE YIELD OF HARD SPRING WHEAT IN THE URAL ORENBURG ARID STEPPE
Authors: Maksyutov Nikolai , Zorov Aleksandr , Skorokhodov Vitali , Mitrofanov Dmitri
Published: July 2020

The purpose of the research is the yield increase of spring wheat under arid steppe of the Orenburg pre-Urals con-ditions. Stationary long term field experience was laid on the site of the Kuibyshev's experimental production farm located in Orenburg district. Crop rotations and hard spring wheat monocrop have been studied for 30 years. The two-factor experimental design, consisting of four repetitions was developed. The results of long-term stationary studies for 1990-2019 involving five rotations and hard spring wheat monocrop are presented. Weather conditions, the precursor type and nutrient status are the major factors affecting the hard spring wheat yield. The number of hyperarid years when hard spring wheat yield was less than 5 C per 1 ha in the first rotation amounted to 1 year, in the second – 2, in the third and the fourth – 3 years, in the fifth – 5 years. A significant hard spring wheat increase in yield on the basis of fertilized ground over 30 years was noted on weedfree fallow – 6 years, conservation tillage – 10, green manured – 8, winter – 12, corn – 13 and peas – 4 years, monocrop – 10 years. The highest yield of hard spring wheat for five rotations was on weedfree fallow, conservation tillage and green manured areas (average for two nutrient status), respectively, 11.4, 11.4 and 11.6 C per 1 ha, after winter crops – 10.3 C, corn for silage – 9.3 C, peas – 9.0 C and monocrop – 7.7 C per 1 ha. The yield increase from the fertilized ground was obtained within five rotations
respectively for these precursors: 0.4, 0.6, 0.6, 1.0, 0.8, 0.3 and 0.9 C from 1 ha.
The research was carried out in accordance with the plan for 2020-2021developed by the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Center of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Acade-my of Sciences» (№ 0761-2019-0003).
PRIMARY GENOTIPIC SELECTION FOR IMPROVEMENT OF HARD WHEAT STABILITY AND RESPONSE IN YIELD
Authors: Malchikov Petr , Myasnikova Marina , Chaheeva Tat'iana
Published: July 2020

The research goal is improving the stability and yield response of durum wheat. The search for intensive varieties with high stability is justified and is currently one of primary selective direction. Under climate change with increas-ing stress on the process of forming yield of cultivated crops, the resistance of varieties to adverse factors and re-sponse to favorable conditions are the key factors of yield productivity growth and are considered prime selective directions. The research included identification within the system of ecological and geographical studies of both broad-range varieties adapted to cultivation in the steppe regions of Russia and Kazakhstan, and varieties of local significance for specific environmental conditions of the distribution areas. Three ecological and geographical ex-periments were carried out. The first one was based on 28 selective standard lines of the KASIB (Kazakh-Sibirian wheat selection), studied in four ecological and geographical locations: Barnaul, Omsk, Bezenchuk, Orenburg. The second experiment included selective lines of the Samara Research Institute of Agriculture studied in ecological and geographical locations of Krasnodar, Orel, Bezenchuk, Orenburg, Barnaul. The third one was formed of seven selective lines of the Samara Research Institute of Agriculture and three lines of Orenburg Research Agricultural Institute studied there and Bezenchuk. Primary genotypic selections for wide range use were identified – 1693D-71, 2006D-44(454), 2126D-1(525), 2219D-3(557) by Samara Research Institute of Agriculture, Hordeiforme 08-107-5 by Omsk Agriculture Research Centre, Hordeiforme 910 and Hordeiforme 895 by Altai Resarch Institute of Agricul-ture and of Local significance – 1941D-17, 1941D-19, 2201D-4 by Samara Research Institute of Agriculture result-ed from studies using the regression analysis of yield data.
PRESSURE ACCUMULATOR DISCHARGE EFFECT ON GEAR SHIFT WITH HYDRAULIC CONTROL BOX
Authors: Volod’ko Oleg , Bychenin Aleksandr , Chernikov Oleg
Published: July 2020

The purpose of the study is the reduction of the time of hydraulic couplings slipping by optimization of hydraulic accumulator discharge pressure. When operating tractors with hydroshift transmission at loads close to the nomi-nal values, there is a problem of slipping of the friction coupling during gear shift without interruption in torque de-livery. There is a critical scientific problem of reducing the slipping of hydroshift transmission during the operation of major tractors. Theoretical prerequisites for increasing friction force due to the reduction of slipping via the re-duction of gear shift time and influence of oil pressure in the booster of the released drive are justified. Procedure and results of study of gear shift in transmission of tractor «Kirovets» with the use of both standard and constant discharge pressure hydraulic accumulators are given. The process of gear shift was investigated on the new gear-box with standard hydraulic accumulator, on the box with standard hydraulic accumulator worn to the limit provided, and on the new gearbox with constant discharge pressure hydraulic accumulator. It has been established that dur-ing operation of a new transmission with standard hydraulic accumulator the 0.2MPa discharge pressure exceeds the optimal value, which leads to an increase in the duration of the shift from 0.915...0.920 s at a pressure of 0.45...0.46 MPa to 1.395...1.04 s at a pressure of 0.65...0.66 MPa. The installation of a constant discharge pressure hydraulic accumulator on the new transmission reduces the discharge pressure to 0.48...0.49 MPa, which reduces the gear shift process to 1.034...1.040 s, that is only 4.2...6.6% higher than the optimal value. Recommendations are given to optimize the gear shift process in the transmission of the «Kirovets» tractor.
FEATURES OF REPARATIVE REGENERATION OF ACHILLES TENDON IN THE CONDITIONS OF AUTOLOGOUS TRANSPLANTATION OF CELL POOL
Authors: Slesarenko Natal'ya , Zharikov Aleksei
Published: July 2020

The aim of the study is identification of features of Achilles tendon healing in the conditions of auto-transplantation of the cellular element, reflecting the regenerative activity of stromal-vascular fraction. Modern regenerative treat-ment methods for animal with tendon injuries involve stromal-vascular cells application of adipose tissue. They represent cell pool with high plasticity, proliferative activity, and ability to secrete multiple angiogenic factors. How-ever, there is no data on morphological and morphometric regenerative equivalents of their use in case of tendon ligaments injury. Micro morphometrical indicators are presented that substantiate the effectiveness of using autolo-gous cellular elements in case of Achilles tendon injury. The influence of stromal-vascular fraction from rat adipose tissue on regenerative process during healing of an induced tendon tissue defect was evaluated which lead to an increase in the thickness of bundles of the first and the second orders in the experimental group, significant differ-ences in comparison with the control of the fibroblastic cell pool, and the number of blood capillaries of these ani-mals. Based on the positive data of the autologous cell pool on the regenerative ability of the Achilles tendon, its practicability for veterinary medicine was scientifically justified. The experimental model of the study is a fancy rat (n=20). Achilles tendon was the research material. A complex methodological approach was used, including ex-perimental modeling, micro morphological studies, micro morphometry, and statistical data processing. It was re-vealed that experimental animals injected with stromal-vascular fraction, micro morphometric transformations of connective tissue were detected, aimed at thickening of bundles of the first and second orders, the transition of fi-broblasts to structured and ordered fibrocytes (tenocytes), acceleration of collagenogenesis and vascularization enhancement.
Nieprzerwany żywot inkwizycji hiszpańskiej – studium przypadku z Estremadury
Authors: Łapicka Kamila
Published: July 2020

The Neverending Story of the Spanish Inquisition – a Study of a Case from Extremadura The subject of this research is the book ‘El pecado nefando del obispo de Salamina’ (The deplorable sin of the bishop of Salamina) written in 2002 by the Spanish historian Francisco Núñez Roldán. In the context of post-memory I am interested in the origins of this book, which are connected with the Spanish Inquisition and the attempts to regard its author as a secondary witness. It is also important that the activities of the Holy Office (1478-1834) are not only the subject of continuing historical research but are also a rich source of inspiration for artists and scholars.
Spillovers from Mass Advertising: An Identification Strategy
Authors: Thomas Michael
Published: July 2020

By definition, mass advertising decisions cannot target local levels, which provides opportunities to identify the effect of advertising.
A Test Score-Based Approach to Stochastic Submodular Optimization
Authors: Sekar Shreyas , Vojnovic Milan , Yun Se-Young
Published: July 2020

We study the canonical problem of maximizing a stochastic submodular function subject to a cardinality constraint, where the goal is to select a subset from a ground set of items with uncertain individual performances to maximize their expected group value. Although near-optimal algorithms have been proposed for this problem, practical concerns regarding scalability, compatibility with distributed implementation, and expensive oracle queries persist in large-scale applications. Motivated by online platforms that rely on individual item scores for content recommendation and team selection, we study a special class of algorithms that select items based solely on individual performance measures known as test scores. The central contribution of this work is a novel and systematic framework for designing test score–based algorithms for a broad class of naturally occurring utility functions. We introduce a new scoring mechanism that we refer to as replication test scores and prove that as long as the objective function satisfies a diminishing-returns condition, one can leverage these scores to compute solutions that are within a constant factor of the optimum. We then extend these scoring mechanisms to the more general stochastic submodular welfare-maximization problem, where the goal is to partition items into groups to maximize the sum of the expected group values. For this more difficult problem, we show that replication test scores can be used to develop an algorithm that approximates the optimal solution up to a logarithmic factor. The techniques presented in this work bridge the gap between the rigorous theoretical work on submodular optimization and simple, scalable heuristics that are useful in certain domains. In particular, our results establish that in many applications involving the selection and assignment of items, one can design algorithms that are intuitive and practically relevant with only a small loss in performance compared with the state-of-the-art approaches.

This paper was accepted by Chung Piaw Teo, optimization.
Interpretable Optimal Stopping
Authors: Ciocan Dragos Florin , Mišić Velibor V.
Published: July 2020

Optimal stopping is the problem of deciding when to stop a stochastic system to obtain the greatest reward, arising in numerous application areas such as finance, healthcare, and marketing. State-of-the-art methods for high-dimensional optimal stopping involve approximating the value function or the continuation value and then using that approximation within a greedy policy. Although such policies can perform very well, they are generally not guaranteed to be interpretable; that is, a decision maker may not be able to easily see the link between the current system state and the policy’s action. In this paper, we propose a new approach to optimal stopping wherein the policy is represented as a binary tree, in the spirit of naturally interpretable tree models commonly used in machine learning. We show that the class of tree policies is rich enough to approximate the optimal policy. We formulate the problem of learning such policies from observed trajectories of the stochastic system as a sample average approximation (SAA) problem. We prove that the SAA problem converges under mild conditions as the sample size increases but that, computationally, even immediate simplifications of the SAA problem are theoretically intractable. We thus propose a tractable heuristic for approximately solving the SAA problem by greedily constructing the tree from the top down. We demonstrate the value of our approach by applying it to the canonical problem of option pricing, using both synthetic instances and instances using real Standard & Poor’s 500 Index data. Our method obtains policies that (1) outperform state-of-the-art noninterpretable methods, based on simulation regression and martingale duality, and (2) possess a remarkably simple and intuitive structure.

This paper was accepted by Chung Piaw Teo, Management Science Special Section on Data-Driven Prescriptive Analytics.
Análise das narrativas de uma preceptora alemã sobre a educação brasileira
Authors: De Campos Ana Maria Antunes
Published: July 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre a importância dos textos literários para análise da História da Educação. Para isto, foi analisado o livro “Os meus romanos” da autora Ina Von Binzer, com vistas a compreender a educação no período de 1881 a 1884, momento em que a autora atua como preceptora em casas de famílias brasileiras. Binzer escreve diversas cartas e as envia à Grete, revelando os diferentes pontos de vistas de uma imigrante recém-chegada ao Brasil, o que permite ao leitor uma reflexão sobre escravidão, política, economia, cultura e educação em uma época de grandes mudanças no país. Isto posto, por meio deste texto busca-se compreender como as fontes literárias se tornam objeto de investigação para a organização e constituição da história.
O Ensaio como vocação: intelectuais latino-americanos e experiência intelectual (semi)periférica no século XIX
Authors: Martins Maro Lara
Published: July 2020

Este texto aborda a transfiguração do ensaio em terras americanas, apontando as características desta forma de apresentação das ideias, relacionando o conteúdo ao contexto. Em outras palavras, o ensaio latino-americano se apropriou de conceitos originários de sistemas filosóficos e científicos os mais diversos, e, libertando-os do peso desta origem, da pureza e transcendência que esta transposição impunha, os (re)significou a partir de sua inserção em uma forma discursiva nova, em uma experiência intelectual específica e interina. Deste modo, fugiu aos padrões frios da descrição analítica e da erudição ao se colocar no mundo público, como interpretação de um novo mundo, com seus habitantes e território. Desenhando assim, uma peculiar episteme (semi)periférica cuja centralidade se ancoraria na inventividade e no pragmatismo, postos na confluência da imposição pessoal e da palavra pública.
Condições de produção e difusão do personagem Zé Povo no Brasil: um estudo sobre caricaturas políticas na revista ilustrada O Malho (1900-1910)
Authors: Justen Janine Figueiredo de Souza , Doré Maurício Izelli
Published: July 2020

Investiga-se condições de produção e difusão das revistas ilustradas no Rio de Janeiro na virada do XIX e o papel dessa imprensa na construção da identidade nacional. A hipótese aponta os espaços de circulação dos agentes e as dinâmicas de importação de valores estéticos, modelos gráficos e técnicas de impressão europeias. Nesse contexto, a emergência do Zé Povo e sua reprodução massiva em caricaturas políticas e de costumes é exemplar. São acionadas trajetórias escolares e profissionais dos agentes para uma análise de redes, assim como instâncias de consagração e militância para uma análise de correspondências múltiplas (ACM). Os resultados indicam relações estreitas entre Brasil e Portugal na formação das “elites culturais” e uma não especificação da ocupação “caricaturista” que transitava entre os campos da arte, dos intelectuais e da política.
Ideias fora do lugar: a construção do pacifismo stalinista na primeira década da Guerra Fria (1945-1956)
Authors: Ribeiro Jayme Lúcio Fernandes
Published: July 2020

A Guerra Fria, surgida em fins da década de 1940, com o lançamento da Doutrina Truman, abriu uma nova página na história. O mundo inteiro foi marcado pela sombra de uma nova guerra mundial, que, em determinados momentos, pareceu realmente poder acontecer. As armas nucleares intensificariam ainda mais o temor de um conflito internacional, principalmente, por não ser possível calcular suas proporções. A partir daquele momento, os comunistas passaram a construir uma nova identidade social, a de pacifistas, propagando ideias, símbolos e discursos, através de panfletos e folhetos distribuídos à população e, sobretudo, por intermédio de sua imprensa.
A transitional man: Xavier Mina between Spain and America, 1789-1817
Authors: Racine Karen
Published: July 2020

Francisco Xavier Mina was the physical embodiment of the essentially transitional nature of the Age of Revolutions. He was part of a new generation of leaders who had been born as the ancién régimes were dying and who had absolutely no sentimental attachment to monarchs, traditions, or special privileges. As a guerrilla leader in both Spain and Mexico, he and his men toppled hidebound institutions and cleared the way for others to come after them and do the work of building new societies. As a political thinker, Mina’s ideas were a sort of unschooled but enthusiastic liberalism based on the simple and self-evident truths that all people were equal before God and the law, and that everyone deserved a decent, dignified life.
Um crescendo de tomada de consciência: a Conjuração Baiana de 1798 no primeiro centenário da Independência do Brasil
Authors: Valim Patrícia
Published: July 2020

O artigo analisa o modo pelo qual a historiografia ligada ao Instituto Geográfico e Histórico da Bahia, no período do primeiro centenário da Independência do Brasil, inverteu o polo das análises oitocentistas sobre a Conjuração Bahiana de 1798 –um evento pedagógico da história pátria em razão da criminalização do exercício político de homens livres, pobres e adeptos ao projeto de nação repuplicana -, para considerá-lo como a etapa popular do processo de tomada de consciência da situação colonial que resultou na Independência do Brasil, em 1822.
Comparative Analysis of National and International Educational Science Articles in Vietnam: Evidence from the Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion Structure
Authors: Trinh Thao Phuong Thi , Tran Trung , Nguyen Tien-Trung , Nghiem Thanh Thi , Danh Nam Nguyen
Published: July 2020

The introduction, methods, results, and discussion (IMRaD structure) is a structure used by many journals and publishers in its publications since the early twentieth century. This research aims to survey and analyze some prestigious Open Access journals in the field of educational science in the world and in Vietnam on the use of IMRaD structure in presenting research results. We selected 05 open journals with the highest IF in the 2018 Scopus list and 05 prestigious journals in this field in Vietnam to conduct analysis of the articles in the latest 03 issues of these journals. The results of the survey of manuscript draft requirements and the frequency of articles written according to the IMRaD structure of the above journals show that: the IMRaD structure is commonly used in the articles in the field of Educational science in the world. However, in Vietnam, there is no journal that fully meets the contents compared to the basic IMRaD structure. The analysis of the content of articles published in journals in Vietnam shows that the weakest point of the researches is that the research methodology section is almost absent. Finally, we propose some solutions to improve scientific editing in Educational science journals in Vietnam to meet international publishing standards.
Knowledge and Application toward Financial Topics in High School Students: A Parametric Study
Authors: Garcia-Santillan Arturo
Published: July 2020

The aim of the study focused on assessing the relationship between student's financial knowledge and their relationship with the use and application of financial instruments. The test designed by Garcia-Santillan, Contreras-Rodriguez and Moreno-Garcia which integrates topics on money management, savings and investment, spending, credit and budgets, was used. 333 high school students were surveyed face to face and only 305 were validated. The internal consistency Cronbach’s Alpha of the scale was of α=.860 (34 items) and α=.855 (7 dimensions). For the hypothesis test, exploratory factor analysis and canonical correlational analysis were used. The main findings show the existence of three factors that explain the structure that underlies the phenomenon of financial knowledge and the use of financial techniques, and a significant relationship was found between the constructs of financial knowledge and the use and application of financial products.
TeVeS: uma alternativa ao modelo da matéria escura
Authors: Batista Carlos Eduardo M.
Published: July 2020

A materia escura continua sendo um desafio para a Física, uma vez que ela não é detectada nem existe um modelo teórico que possa prever de maneira clara a sua existência. No entanto, ela é necessária tendo em vista que as curvas planas de rotação de galáxias só são compreendidas pela imposição à força de sua existência. Por outro lado, na década de 1980 foi proposta uma modicação da gravitação (MOND) de tal maneira que não seria necessário impor uma componente não-visível. Em 2004, Bekenstein propôs o TeVeS, a mais completa e bem-sucedida teoria da família MOND. Contudo, tanto as teorias da famlia MOND quanto o postulado da matéria escura possuem pontos fortes e fracos.
Tunable bifunctional polarization-independent metamaterial device based on Dirac semimetal and vanadium dioxide
Authors: Cao Maoyong , Wang Tongling , Li Lei , Zhang Huiyun , Zhang Yuping
Published: July 2020

In this study, a tunable bifunctional polarization-independent metamaterial device based on Dirac semimetal films (DSFs) and vanadium dioxide (

V
O

2

) is investigated. At the

V
O

2

insulator state, a polarization-independent electromagnetically induced reflectance effect can be achieved via destructive interference between bright and dark modes. When

V
O

2

transitions to a metallic state, the proposed device behaves as a dual-band polarization-independent absorber with 99.9% and 94.5% absorptance at 9.06 and 10.9 THz, respectively, and is insensitive over a wide range of incidence angles. In both cases, refractive index sensing is achieved, and the response can be dynamically tuned by changing the Fermi energy of the DSF.
Multichannel microwave photonic based direction finding system
Authors: Huang Chongjia , Chan Erwin H. W.
Published: July 2020

A new microwave photonic topology for RF signal direction finding is presented. It is based on a dual-parallel Mach Zehnder modulator (DPMZM) in series with an optical phase modulator (PM). The direction of an RF signal received by the antennas connected to an RF port of the DPMZM and the PM can be determined from the power ratio of two system output low frequency components, without the need to know the incoming RF signal amplitude in advance. The proposed structure is suitable for implementing a long baseline technique for direction finding and can be extended to have multiple antenna elements in remote locations. In addition to direction finding, the system also has the ability to measure an RF signal Doppler frequency shift to determine an object speed and moving direction when it is used in a radar receiver. Results obtained using the proposed structure demonstrate less than ±2.5° errors over a 3.2° to 81.5° angle of arrival measurement range for different RF signal modulation indexes of 0.02, 0.08 and 0.16. Doppler frequency shift measurement with less than 0.8 Hz errors is also demonstrated.
Theoretical analysis based on mirror symmetry for tightly focused vector optical fields
Authors: Pan Yue , Ren Zhi-Cheng , Kong Ling-Jun , Tu Chenghou , Li Yongnan , Wang Hui-Tian
Published: July 2020

A theoretical analysis based on mirror symmetry is proposed to analyze and predict the symmetry in intensity, phase and polarization distributions of the tightly focused vector optical field (VOF). We extend the analysis to more cases including more complicated polarization states and weak focusing cases. We further show the symmetric tightly focused fields of the eccentric cylindrical VOF and the redesigned VOF with a radially variant polarization state, which are achieved by redesigning the polarization state of the incident VOF based on the symmetry analysis. We also take the laser fabrication as an example to further show how to apply this symmetry analysis in a specific application area. Such a theoretical analysis can improve the calculation efficiency, provide new insights into the tight focusing process and offer a convenient way to engineer the field distributions in the focal plane, which may have potential applications in areas needing flexibly controllable tightly focused fields, such as laser fabrication, optical trapping, and optical storage.
Collinear non-interferometric phase retrieval for holographic data storage
Authors: Hao Jianying , Wang Kun , Zhang Yuanying , Li Hui , Lin Xiao , Huang Zhiyun , Tan Xiaodi
Published: July 2020

A collinear non-interferometric phase retrieval method for holographic data storage is proposed. The code rate of the collinear system can be increased by 2 times due to transferring the 50% embedded data from a signal beam to a reference beam. Because the reference beam should be always known both in the recording process and reading process, there is no extra material cost for saving the embedded data. Therefore, the storage density of collinear system is increased by about 2 times compared with previous off-axis non-interferometric phase retrieval systems. Besides, we can enhance the algorithm constraint to shorten iteration numbers by increasing the amplitude weight of the reference beam. In the experiment, we shortened the iteration number and the BER by about 3 times. We also find that the reference number can be reduced by using the collinear way and increasing the amplitude weight of reference. This law allows us to give more code positions to signal so that the data amount in one data page can be increased.
High-sensitivity gas pressure sensor based on a multimode interferometer using hollow-core tube lattice fiber
Authors: Li Zhengyong , Liao Changrui , Yang Yatao , Wang Ying , Wang Yiping
Published: July 2020

A non-diaphragm fiber gas pressure sensor based on a multimode interferometer (MI) using a hollow-core tube lattice fiber (HC-TLF) as a gas cell is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The sensor is fabricated by fusion splicing a sandwich structure of a graded-index multimode fiber, HC-TLF, and lead-in/out single mode fiber. Several side-holes are drilled by using a femtosecond laser on the side wall of the HC-TLF to allow gas in and out of the fiber. The positions of side-hole in HC-TLF have been investigated during the experiments, which indicate that the highest gas pressure sensitivity existed as the side-hole located in the gap between adjacent cladding holes of the HC-TLF. The proposed structure exhibits a high sensitivity of 8.1 nm/MPa with the average gas fill time of 2.2 s. This sensor also has low temperature sensitivity and low temperature cross sensitivity of 12.3 pm/°C and 1.5 kPa/°C as the temperature rises to 400°C. In addition, the advantages of the gas pressure sensor, such as small size, rapid response, low temperature cross sensitivity, and simple fabrication process, make it suitable for high-pressure measurement in harsh conditions, e.g., downhole and ocean bottom.
Bidirectional mode-locked all-normal dispersion fiber laser
Authors: Li Bowen , Xing Jian , Kwon Dohyeon , Xie Yijun , Prakash Neeraj , Kim Jungwon , Huang Shu-Wei
Published: July 2020

The bidirectional mode-locked oscillator is an emerging light source architecture suitable for dual-comb applications. Therein, bidirectional mode-locked fiber lasers (MLFLs) are particularly promising for their cost effectiveness, system compactness, and environmental robustness. However, the pulse energy has been limited to tens of picojoules, restricting practical dual-comb applications, especially in the nonlinear regime. In this paper, we break the pulse energy limit by devising the first bidirectional all-normal dispersion MLFL with an artificial saturable absorber (ASA). Bidirectional dissipative solitons are generated with

>

5

-THz bandwidths and

>

1

-nJ pulse energies. Free-running laser performance is extensively characterized, and the physical mechanism for bidirectional ASA mode-locking is studied. Last but not least, a proof-of-concept dual-comb spectroscopy measurement is demonstrated. Our work paves the way for a new class of bidirectional MLFLs benefiting dual-comb applications in both linear and nonlinear regimes.
Libellus de Medicinalibus Indorum Herbis: Códice de la Cruz-Badiano
Authors: Hernández-Ramírez Angélica María
Published: July 2020

“Libellus de Medicinalibus Indorum Herbis” fue escrito por Martín de la Cruz en el Colegio de la Santa Cruz de Tlatelolco en 1552. El manuscrito fue dictado y escrito en Náhuatl y se tradujo al latín por Juan Badiano. En este artículo se realizó un análisis general del contexto histórico y de las características del manuscrito para resaltar la calidad científica y el valor histórico del trabajo. Para ello, se compararon las nociones conocidas de la medicina Náhuatl y Europea de la época. En el manuscrito se observó la ocurrencia e intercambio de materiales, prácticas y conocimientos locales y extranjeros. El manuscrito es una obra compleja y hermosa. El manuscrito se reconfigura a sí mismo, reflejando la realidad cambiante que vivieron los pueblos indígenas de México.
Historia verde: 10 años de conservación, restauración, educación ambiental e investigación en la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (Bogotá, Colombia)
Authors: Castillo-Figueroa Dennis
Published: July 2020

La expansión acelerada de las ciudades ha propiciado el deterioro de la biodiversidad y los servicios ecosistémicos. Dado este contexto, es crucial establecer una infraestructura ecológica en las ciudades que, basada en el uso de especies de plantas nativas, soporte elementos naturales que mejoren la calidad de vida de las personas. En este sentido, la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PUJ) de Bogotá (Colombia) desde el año 2008, ha venido realizando esfuerzos orientados hacia la rehabilitación ecológica del campus, a través del proyecto Historia Verde. Este responde a objetivos en investigación, docencia y servicio, confirmando compromisos misionales de la PUJ y destacando aspectos de ornamentación, restauración ecológica y educación ambiental. El Jardín Botánico Javeriano establecido, cuenta con aproximadamente 2700 árboles de más de 150 especies, incluyendo algunas endémicas y otras en peligro de extinción. De manera complementaria, se han iniciado proyectos de techos productivos, sistemas de humedales artificiales y un apiario, así como la rehabilitación de espacios para la presencia de fauna silvestre. Futuros proyectos incluyen la generación de inventarios de otros grupos animales silvestres, el mejoramiento del sistema actual de registro de especies vegetales, y el fortalecimiento de vínculos con entidades ambientales y educativas a nivel nacional e internacional.
The epidemiological background of small ruminant lentivirus infection in goats from Romania
Authors: Potarniche Adrian-Valentin , Cerbu Constantin Gheorghe , Czopowicz Michal , Szalus-Jordanow Olga , Kaba Jaroslaw , Spinu Marina
Published: July 2020

Background and Aim: Caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) is an economically significant viral disease of goats caused by a small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) belonging to Retroviridae family. This study aimed to summarize current information on the epidemiological status of SRLVs infection in the population of goats from Romania and to point out the CAE incidence throughout the 2008-2018 periods.

Materials and Methods: An exhaustive review of the papers published in the international literature concerning the epidemiological status of CAE in Romania was carried out using electronic databases, and available statistical data from the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) regarding the incidence of the disease between 2008 and 2018 were analyzed.

Results: The true individual-level seroprevalence of CAE was estimated in 13 of 42 counties (31%) and ranged from 0.4% to roughly 40%. One hundred eighty-two outbreaks from 14 counties (33%) were reported, with a peak in 2010.

Conclusion: The findings sourcing in the literature are very scarce and show disagreement with the situation reported by the national veterinary authorities. Lack of SRLVs screening policies represents the main obstacle in limiting the spread of the disease. Romania's National Sanitary Veterinary and Food Safety Authority should implement a program for diagnosis and surveillance of the disease to build a straightforward epidemiological picture that represents a prerequisite of any control and eradication program.