bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Normal and pathological neuronal distribution of the human mesencephalic locomotor region
Authors: Sébille Sophie B. , Rolland Anne‐Sophie , Faillot Matthieu , Perez‐Garcia Fernando , Colomb‐Clerc Antoine , Lau Brian , Dumas Sylvie , Vidal Sara Fernandez , Welter Marie‐Laure , Francois Chantal , Bardinet Eric , Karachi Carine
Published: November 2018

Background

Deep brain stimulation of the pedunculopontine nucleus has been performed to treat dopamine‐resistant gait and balance disorders in patients with degenerative diseases. The outcomes, however, are variable, which may be the result of the lack of a well‐defined anatomical target.

Objectives

The objectives of this study were to identify the main neuronal populations of the pedunculopontine and the cuneiform nuclei that compose the human mesencephalic locomotor region and to compare their 3‐dimensional distribution with those found in patients with Parkinson's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy.

Methods

We used high‐field MRI, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization to characterize the distribution of the different cell types, and we developed software to merge all data within a common 3‐dimensional space.

Results

We found that cholinergic, GABAergic, and glutamatergic neurons comprised the main cell types of the mesencephalic locomotor region, with the peak densities of cholinergic and GABAergic neurons similarly located within the rostral pedunculopontine nucleus. Cholinergic and noncholinergic neuronal losses were homogeneous in the mesencephalic locomotor region of patients, with the peak density of remaining neurons at the same location as in controls. The degree of denervation of the pedunculopontine nucleus was highest in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy, followed by Parkinson's disease patients with falls.

Conclusions

The peak density of cholinergic and GABAergic neurons was located similarly within the rostral pedunculopontine nucleus not only in controls but also in pathological cases. The neuronal loss was homogeneously distributed and highest in the pedunculopontine nucleus of patients with falls, which suggests a potential pathophysiological link. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Comparing comparisons between vehicular traffic states in microscopic and macroscopic first‐order models
Authors: Cristiani Emiliano , Saladino Maria Cristina
Published: November 2018

In this paper, we deal with the analysis of the solutions of traffic flow models at multiple scales in both cases of a single road and road networks. We are especially interested in measuring the distance between traffic states (as they result from the mathematical modeling) and investigating whether these distances are somehow preserved passing from the microscopic to the macroscopic scale. By means of both theoretical and numerical investigations, we show that, on a single road, the notion of Wasserstein distance fully catches the human perception of distance independently of the scale, while in the case of networks it partially loses its nice properties.
(CMMSE paper) A finite‐difference model for indoctrination dynamics
Authors: Medina‐Guevara M. G. , Vargas‐Rodríguez H. , Espinoza‐Padilla P. B.
Published: November 2018

In this work, a system of non‐linear difference equations is employed to model the opinion dynamics between a small group of agents (the target group) and a very persuasive agent (the indoctrinator). Two scenarios are investigated: the indoctrination of a homogeneous target group, in which each agent grants the same weight to his (or her) partner's opinion and the indoctrination of a heterogenous target group, in which each agent may grant a different weight to his or her partner's opinion. Simulations are performed to study the required times by the indoctrinator to convince a group. Initially, these groups are in a consensus about a doctrine different to that of the ideologist. The interactions between the agents are pairwise.
On stable iterative solutions for a class of boundary value problem of nonlinear fractional order differential equations
Authors: Ali Sajjad , Shah Kamal , Jarad Fahd
Published: November 2018

In this article, sufficient conditions for the existence of extremal solutions to nonlinear boundary value problem (BVP) of fractional order differential equations (FDEs) are provided. By using the method of monotone iterative technique together with upper and lower solutions, conditions for the existence and approximation of minimal and maximal solutions to the BVP under consideration are constructed. Some adequate results for different kinds of Ulam stability are investigated. Maximum error estimates for the corresponding solutions are given as well. Two examples are provided to illustrate the results.
Instantaneous brain stroke classification and localization from real scattering data
Authors: Salucci Marco , Gelmini Angelo , Vrba Jan , Merunka Ilja , Oliveri Giacomo , Rocca Paolo
Published: November 2018

This work presents a 2‐step Learning‐by‐Examples approach for the real‐time classification of hemorrhagic/ischemic brain strokes and their successive localization from microwave scattering data collected around the human head. An experimental assessment against laboratory‐controlled data is performed to assess the potentialities of the proposed approach towards a reliable monitoring and instantaneous diagnosis clinic protocol.
Spiral resonator loaded S‐shaped folded dipole dual band UHF RFID tag antenna
Authors: Barman Bidisha , Bhaskar Sudhir , Singh Amit Kumar
Published: November 2018

A miniaturized UHF dual‐band passive RFID tag antenna operating in the 866‐869 and 950‐956 MHz bands is proposed. It consists of an S‐shaped Folded Dipole Antenna (FDA) resonating at 912 MHz, which is intermediary between the two required frequencies. To obtain dual‐band response perturbation method is employed. The electrical length of the FDA changes on loading a 2‐turn spiral resonator (2‐SR) to it. The 2‐SR splits the tag resonance at 912 MHz into two resonance frequencies (867 and 956 MHz). The proposed design is simulated using HFSS and then fabricated. Measured reflection coefficients at 867 and 956 MHz are −13.25 and −13.34 dB, respectively, exhibiting a 10 dB bandwidth of 11 MHz from 859 to 869 MHz and a 5 MHz 10 dB bandwidth from 953 to 957 MHz. Maximum read ranges of 5 m in 866‐869 MHz and 3.3 m in 950‐956 MHz band have been measured.
A two‐dimensional extended finite element method model of discrete fracture networks
Authors: Rivas Endrina , Parchei-Esfahani Matin , Gracie Robert
Published: November 2018

This article presents the first effort to develop a two‐dimensional model using the extended finite element method (XFEM) for the simulation of discrete fracture networks, in which the mesh does not conform to the natural fracture network. The model incorporates contact, cohesion, and friction between blocks of rock. Shear dilation is an important mechanism impacting the overall nonlinear response of naturally fractured rock masses and is also included in the model; physics previously not simulated within an XFEM context. Here, shear dilation is modeled by means of a linear dilation model, capped by a dilation limiting displacement. Highly nonlinear problems involving multiple joint sets are investigated within a quasi‐static context. An explicit scheme is used in conjunction with the dynamic relaxation technique to obtain equilibrium solutions in the face of the nonlinear constitutive models from contact, cohesion, friction, and dilation. The numerical implementation is verified and its convergence is illustrated using a shear test and a biaxial test. The model is then applied to the practical problem of the stability of a slope of fractured rock.
Disease‐biased and shared characteristics of the immunoglobulin gene repertoires in marginal zone B cell lymphoproliferations
Authors: Xochelli Aliki , Bikos Vasilis , Polychronidou Eleftheria , Galigalidou Chrysi , Agathangelidis Andreas , Charlotte Frédéric , Moschonas Panagiotis , Davis Zadie , Colombo Monica , Roumelioti Maria , Sutton Lesley‐Ann , Groenen Patricia , van den Brand Michiel , Boudjoghra Myriam , Algara Patricia , Traverse‐Glehen Alexandra , Ferrer Ana , Stalika Evangelia , Karypidou Maria , Kanellis George , Kalpadakis Christina , Mollejo Manuella , Pangalis Gerasimos , Vlamos Panayiotis , Amini Rose‐Marie , Pospisilova Sarka , Gonzalez David , Ponzoni Maurilio , Anagnostopoulos Achilles , Giudicelli Véronique , Lefranc Marie‐Paule , Espinet Blanca , Panagiotidis Panagiotis , Piris Miguel Angel , Du Ming‐Qing , Rosenquist Richard , Papadaki Theodora , Belessi Chrysoula , Ferrarini Manlio , Oscier David , Tzovaras Dimitrios , Ghia Paolo , Davi Frederic , Hadzidimitriou Anastasia , Stamatopoulos Kostas
Published: November 2018

The B cell receptor immunoglobulin (Ig) gene repertoires of marginal zone (MZ) lymphoproliferations were analyzed in order to obtain insight into their ontogenetic relationships. Our cohort included cases with MZ lymphomas (n = 488), i.e. splenic (SMZL), nodal (NMZL) and extranodal (ENMZL), as well as provisional entities (n = 76), according to the WHO classification. The most striking Ig gene repertoire skewing was observed in SMZL. However, restrictions were also identified in all other MZ lymphomas studied, particularly ENMZL, with significantly different Ig gene distributions depending on the primary site of involvement. Cross‐entity comparisons of the MZ Ig sequence dataset with a large dataset of Ig sequences (MZ‐related or not; n = 65 837) revealed four major clusters of cases sharing homologous (‘public’) heavy variable complementarity‐determining region 3. These clusters included rearrangements from SMZL, ENMZL (gastric, salivary gland, ocular adnexa), chronic lymphocytic leukemia, but also rheumatoid factors and non‐malignant splenic MZ cells. In conclusion, different MZ lymphomas display biased immunogenetic signatures indicating distinct antigen exposure histories. The existence of rare public stereotypes raises the intriguing possibility that common, pathogen‐triggered, immune‐mediated mechanisms may result in diverse B lymphoproliferations due to targeting versatile progenitor B cells and/or operating in particular microenvironments. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychometric defensibility of the Intervention Selection Profile‐Social Skills (ISP‐SS) with students at risk for behavioral concerns
Authors: Kilgus Stephen P. , Eklund Katie , von der Embse Nathaniel P.
Published: November 2018

The purpose of the current study was to examine the validity and diagnostic accuracy of the Intervention Selection Profile—Social Skills (ISP‐SS), a brief social skills assessment tool intended for use with students in need of Tier 2 intervention. Participants included 160 elementary and middle school students who had been identified through universal screening as at risk for behavioral concerns. Teacher participants (
n = 71) rated each of these students using both the ISP‐SS and the
Social Skills Improvement System—Rating Scales (SSiS‐RS), with the latter measure serving as the criterion within validity and diagnostic accuracy analyses. Confirmatory factor analysis supported ISP‐SS structural validity, indicating ISP‐SS items broadly conformed to a single “Social Skills” factor. Follow‐up analyses suggested ISP‐SS broad scale scores demonstrated adequate internal consistency reliability, with hierarchical omega coefficient equal to 0.86. Correlational analyses supported the concurrent validity of ISP‐SS items, finding each ISP‐SS item to be moderately or highly related to its corresponding SSiS‐RS subscale. Finally, analyses indicated three of the seven ISP‐SS items that demonstrated sufficient diagnostic accuracy; however, findings suggest additional revisions are needed if the ISP‐SS is to be appropriate for use in schools. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
American Thoracic Society 2018 pediatric core curriculum
Authors: Moore Paul E. , Boyer Debra , Thomas Caroline S. , Brown Rebekah F. , Cogen Jonathan , Ong Thida , Puranik Sandeep , Peterson‐Carmichael Stacey , Bishay Lara , Rosen Rachel , Cheng Pi C. (Jennifer) , Mayer Oscar H. , Krivchenia Katelyn , Shell Richard , Bonham Catherine A. , Verhoef Philip A. , Delecaris Angela O. , Ren Clement L. , Poston Jason T. , Gross Jane , Rettig Jordan S. , Horani Amjad
Published: November 2018

The American Thoracic Society Pediatric Core Curriculum updates clinicians annually in pediatric pulmonary disease in a 3‐4 year recurring cycle of topics. The 2018 course was presented in May during the annual International Conference.
Two‐Field Axion Inflation and the Swampland Constraint in the Flux‐Scaling Scenario
Authors: Damian Cesar , Loaiza‐Brito Oscar
Published: November 2018

Based on the flux‐scaling scenario we study a model consisting on Type IIB string theory compactified on a Calabi‐Yau manifold with a frozen complex structure in the presence of generic fluxes. The model contains (meta)stable Minkowski and de Sitter vacua as well as inflationary directions driven by two independent linear combination of axions. Due to a numerical control by fluxes, we show that cosmological parameters as the spectral index, tensor‐to‐scalar ratio and non‐Gaussianities can be kept within observed bounds while preserving the desired hierarchies on physical scales. Moreover we compute the deviation of the inflationary trajectories from geodesics on field space in terms of the fluxes showing that for some regions, they fulfill the recent proposed swampland criterion for multi‐field scenarios.
Process safety in upstream: Risk based operations in vaca muerta
Authors: Cabanne Victor , Chialva Fernando , Kirs Luis , Alvarez Claramunt Juan Ignacio , Sernaglia Julio , Sorroche Nicolas
Published: November 2018

This work has been developed by YPF Upstream Nonconventional Oil Business Unit (NOC), which was the first asset to develop the nonconventional Vaca Muerta formation in Argentina, in 2011. Currently, with more than 520 Shale Oil producing Wells and 15 onshore facilities, remote field operation challenges have created the need to study some key topics such as applying Operation Management by exception.

From the beginning of the nonconventional assets development, instrumentation, and telemetry systems were designed under the concepts of “unmanned operation facility” and “real time decision making,” minimizing people risk exposure inside the facilities. Operation Management by exception through a unified alarm system including facilities and wells becomes essential due to the exponential growth of the variables to be monitored and controlled. The lack of a consolidated alarm management system results in an “overloaded” situation, which started in 2015 with more than 160 alarm activations in an average time of 10 min, and activation peaks of 1000 alarms every 10 min. Thus, the use of a regular alarm system was proven to be not viable or practical.

With focus on reaching excellence in production management and safe operations in nonconventional fields, a decision support Center (called CIC), was implemented for the first time in YPF Upstream operations. Its function, among others, was to deploy risk‐based operations which are aligned with Process Safety international standards. Seeking for a “Predictive Alarm System,” a dedicated Process Engineer was incorporated to the CIC to work along with an existing multidisciplinary team in alarm management process. This team was integrated by maintenance engineers and control systems specialists. The alarm philosophy used was based on the recommended international practices, and thus, a hard rationalization work was developed resulting in “Robust” to “Stable” status of alarm system performance, reaching less than 10 activations per hour.

In this article, the risk‐based alarm management methods are described and analyzed, together with the way in which this development was addressed with the operation, and the benefits obtained. Within these benefits, there is a field operation culture change in attending alarms with standardized actions which are formalized in alarm response manuals. © 2018 The Authors. Process Safety Progress published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Institute of Chemical Engineers. Process Saf Prog 38:e12020, 2019
Multimodal sensing and active continuous closed‐loop feedback for achieving reliable manipulation in the outdoor physical world
Authors: Chan Wesley P. , Mizohana Hiroto , Chen Xiangyu , Shiigi Yasuto , Yamanoue Yoshiyuki , Nagatsuka Masaki , Inaba Masayuki
Published: November 2018

The use of field robots can greatly decrease the amount of time, effort, and associated risk compared to if human workers were to carryout certain tasks such as disaster response. However, transportability and reliability remain two main issues for most current robot systems. To address the issue of transportability, we have developed a lightweight modularizable platform named AeroArm. To address the issue of reliability, we utilize a multimodal sensing approach, combining the use of multiple sensors and sensor types, and the use of different detection algorithms, as well as active continuous closed‐loop feedback to accurately estimate the state of the robot with respect to the environment. We used Challenge 2 of the 2017 Mohammed Bin Zayed International Robotics Competition as an example outdoor manipulation task, demonstrating the capabilities of our robot system and approach in achieving reliable performance in the fields, and ranked fifth place internationally in the competition.
3.1: Invited Paper: Advances in OLED Emitting and Pixel Define Materials
Authors: Zhu Minrong , Hu Nan , Han Seok , Kim Jongkyung
Published: November 2018

Series of buffer layer materials for highly efficient organic light emitting diodes were developed and introduced. These materials could reduce the driving voltage, enhance the efficiency and lifetime of corresponding RGB devices. In addition, new pixel define layer materials with UV resistance were designed to enhance the bank stability of OLEDs.
3.4: Room Temperature Dual Emission of Fluorescence and Phosphorescence in the Solid State
Authors: Ueno Kazunori , Skidmoreb Melissa , Scully Andrew , Wilson Tony , Forsyth Craig , Matsumoto Taisuke , Mataka Shuntaro , Li Xiaochang
Published: November 2018

A white light emission comprised of fluorescence and phosphorescence was observed at room temperature in the solid state. The OLED device used the dual emission material was fabricated and showed white EL light.
5.2: Hue‐Preserving Color Enhancement Algorithm based on Detail Feedback in RGB Color Space
Authors: Chen Yunna , Pu Yiying , Syu Shen-Sian , Jou Ming-Jong
Published: November 2018

In this paper, a hue‐preserving saturation adjustment mechanism processing in RGB color space is proposed for color images. It avoids the gamut problem thoroughly that can arise from the conversion between RGB space and other color coordinate. Furthermore, an image‐adaptive saturation enhancement algorithm based on detail feedback is introduced. Experimental results show that more detail information of images is remained in our proposed method.
5.3: An Accurate Compensation Method for Active‐Matrix Organic Light‐Emitting Diode Brightness Uniformity
Authors: Zeng Yu-Chao , Liang Peng-Fei , Hwang Tai-Jiun
Published: November 2018

Compensating the Thin‐Film Transistor (TFT) electrical characteristics is one of the key factors to improve the AMOLED display brightness uniformity. In this paper, we determine the TFT threshold voltage and mobility of each pixel in an AMOLED display with high accuracy. With the accuracy of TFT characteristic, we present a method to compensate the TFT characteristic variation to significantly improve the uniformity of AMOLED display.
5.4: New RGBW Mapping Algorithm with Minimized Color Distortion
Authors: Xi Yanhui , Dai Bin , Sun Yan , Zhang Xiaomang , Li Yue , Bi Yuxin , Shi Lingyun , Wang Guangquan , Chen Ming
Published: November 2018

This paper proposed a novel RGB‐to‐RGBW mapping algorithm with minimized color distortion. This algorithm ensures that the color distortion of RGBW display is minimized by keeping the color coordinate remain unchanged from the original color. The proposed method primarily consists of three procedures. Step 1: Calculate the CIE chromaticity coordinates (x, y) and luminance (Y) of the input signal in the RGB display system. Step 2: Calculate the value of W0 based on the distance between the target color and the white point. Step 3: According to the color coordinate of the target color (x, y) and the color conversion model of multi‐primary‐color system, calculate the RGBW signal value of the target color in the RGBW display system. The comparison of test images shows that the algorithm is more effective than the traditional method in maintaining the saturation and hue of the original image.
6.1: Invited Paper: Dynamic Optical Devices for AR/VR Applications
Authors: Huang Yi-Pai , Wu Jui-Yi , Chou Ping-Yen , Peng Kuei-En
Published: November 2018

Light field near eye displays (LFNED) can produce lightweight devices and address the accommodation‐convergence conflict. However, low spatial resolution and narrow FoV creates a poor immersive experience in LFNED. In this paper, the dynamic optical components are proposed to enhance image resolution and widen the FoV of LFNED. The proposed devices are the flat and thin component with only few mm of thickness, which could be placed in the gap of LFNED without increasing the thickness. The results show that the proposed components could be easily integrated in LFNED with the effect of resolution and FoV enhancement..
6.2: Invited Paper: The Development of a Head Mounted Holographic Retina Display
Authors: Chen Chien-Yu , Chuang Chih-Hao
Published: November 2018

Based on MGSA, the holography display system is proposed in this study, and the eyepiece is designed according to suitable wearing parameters. Besides, images computed with MGSA could be proceeded optical reconstruction without lenses to reduce the use of optical elements. This head mounted display system is optimized by referring to the human eyes to realize the simple display system with high‐quality image contents.
7.1:Invited Paper:How to Quantify Vision‐for‐Recognition and Vision‐for‐Action for Distinct Display Form Factors
Authors: Yang Shun-nan
Published: November 2018

Human vision is roughly composed of two distinct but integrated functional pathways: vision‐for‐recognition and vision‐for‐action. Likewise, display form factors can be categorized as passive viewing (e.g., office work on a computer or movie viewing on a TV) and active interaction (e.g., VR and AR in gaming). Theoretical and empirical findings suggest the encoding of visual inputs can affect by task demands. Here we evaluated two corresponding methods of measuring image quality for visual consumption. The method of measuring vision‐for‐recognition involves direct visual comparison to discern any degraded visual quality. Visual attention is critical in such paradigm. Conversely, a novel method of assessing visual quality for vision‐for‐action is to assess how visuomotor responses are facilitated or altered independent of conscious detection. We reported empirical data obtained with a gaze‐contingent flicker paradigm to measure the rate of detecting visual degradation and altered eye movements. These findings show that consciously invisible changes in visual image can alter viewing eye movements and conscious decision; conversely, the possibility of detecting visual degradation can be overestimated because of artificially manipulated attention. These findings call for a new approach to measure visual quality for different form factors and task requirements.
7.3: Compare Variation of User's EEG Owing to Parallax Cue
Authors: Hu Haichen , Wang Danli , Yue Kang , Yang Xinpan , Chiu Steve C.
Published: November 2018

3D display has become increasingly popular in many fields. It can provide incredible immersion compared with 2D display. There are many researches referring to the change of user about no matter subjective experience or objective physiology signal while watching 3D content. Similarly, in this paper, we study the variation of user’s EEG when the user watched 3D content. However, we only focus on parallax cue and avoid other cues of 3D content by using Random Dot Stereogram(RDS) as visual stimulus. We designed an experiment which asked the subject to watch RDS with nine kinds of parallaxes(0,±0.5,±1.1,±1.3,±1.7). The users watched one RDS for 1 minute and then closed eyes and rest for 1 minute every time. During watching, EEG signal with 30‐channel was recorded. The result suggests that significant variation of the user’s EEG data occurred in the Alpha (8–13Hz) and Beta(14–30Hz) frequency band by different parallax’s comparison. And we found not only parallax but also electrode position can impact the user’s EEG data significantly. Accurately, the EEG data has a significant change in six electrodes position in both frequency bands including CZ, PZ, OZ, O2 in international 10–20 system. It means those electrode positions we detect can be regarded as typical positions where we record EEG signal. It will simplify the process of EEG signal acquisition when we need to study the relationship between parallax cue of 3D display and the user further.
8.1: Invited Paper: Enhanced Elevated‐Metal Metal‐Oxide Thin‐Film Transistor Technology
Authors: Lu Lei , Li Jiapeng , Xia Zhihe , Wang Sisi , Kwok Hoi Sing , Wong Man
Published: November 2018

Enhancement to the elevated‐metal metal‐oxide (EMMO) thin‐film transistor (TFT) architecture employing annealing‐induced source/drain regions is presently reported, thus further extending the advantage of EMMO over the conventional TFT architectures. The enhancement includes: a 3‐mask process resulting in a reduced mask‐count, hence manufacturing cost; a bottom‐gate self‐aligned process resulting in reduced parasitic overlap capacitance, hence signal delay; and a 3000‐°C process, with the lower temperature offering better compatibility with a wider range of flexible substrates.
8.2: Invited Paper: Research on the Effects of Different Doping Methods on Top‐Gate IGZO TFT
Authors: Deng Yakov , Li Ziran , Huang Guihua , Zhang Qianyi , Luo Chuanbao , Yao Jiangbo , Qin Shijian
Published: November 2018

By N2O/N2/O2 doped the active layer and He/Ar/Al/SiNx doped the S/D of Top‐Gate IGZO TFT, we have summarized the effects of different doping modes on the properties of Top‐Gate IGZO TFT, including doping the active layer of Top‐Gate IGZO TFT with N2O can obviously improve the electrical uniformity of devices , and doping the S/D of Top‐Gate IGZO TFT with aluminum(Al) can significantly improve the NBTIS/ PBTIS of devices, etc. By optimizing the doping method, we have fabricated a device with both good electrical uniformity and good electrical properties, with threshold voltage shift (ΔVth) of 18 points less than 1V, Mobility=8.6 cm2/V.S,Subthreshold Swing(SS) =0.26 V/dec ,Threshold Voltage （Vth） =2.9V ,ΔVth=1.54 V (NBTIS, Bias=‐30V,T=80 ℃ ,Backlight=4500Nit,2000S,W/L=6/12), ΔVth= 5.28V(PBTIS,Bias=+30V ， T=80 ℃ ,Backlight=4500Nit, 2000S， W/L=6/12).
9.2: Invited Paper: Applications and challenges of Micro‐pixelated light‐emitting diode arrays
Authors: Pan Zhangxu , Liu Jiucheng , Liu xiaoyan , Chen Zhitao , Gong Zheng
Published: November 2018

Micro‐pixelated light‐emitting diodes (micro‐LEDs) are fabricated, and then used for a wide range of applications of micro‐LED, including micro‐display, mask‐less lithography, fluorescence detection, neuron stimulation, and visible light communications. Some challenges in commercializing MicroLED display technologies are also discussed.
10.1: RGB Printed AMOLED: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Li Yun
Published: November 2018

Nowadays, AMOLED keeps penetrating display market and the shipment of devices with AMOLED display is expected to grow above 800 million unit by 2021. In order to reduce the production cost, many panel makers have started paying more attention in RGB printing technology due to its higher utilization rate in material and lower production cost on equipment.

In this article, current approach of RGB printing technology was introduced along with its current limitations in production. In the end, a production cost analysis was conducted on 55 inch 4k AMOLED display from Gen 8.5 line via RGB printing and WOLED method.

Lower production cost on 55 inch product from printing method suggested once bottlenecks on RGB printing are removed, printed AMOLED Gen 8.5 line can compete with fully depreciated WOLED Gen 8.5 line in 3 years assuming both of them under same yielding rate and material maturity.
10.3: Invited Paper: Microcavity‐Based Quantum Dot Device with High Color Purity and Wide Color Gamut
Authors: Lee Bo-Yeon , Kang Sujie , Lee Sang Hyun , Lee Sin-Doo
Published: November 2018

A quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence device with high color purity and a wide color gamut was demonstrated on the basis of a microcavity structure consisting of a QD‐polymer composite layer between semi‐transparent metal films. The underlying concept relies primarily on the coupling effect between the transmission spectrum of the microcavity and the emission spectrum of QDs. The full width at half maximum of our color device was shown to be less than 15 nm under optimal conditions. Our microcavity‐based approach provides a viable way of achieving ultrahigh color purity and a wide color gamut for future display applications.
11.3: Invited Paper: Comparison of Paper and Electronic Media for Studying Tools
Authors: Omodani Makoto , Ota Naoki , Eguchi Kyosuke
Published: November 2018

We have evaluated performances and subjective impressions of paper, LCD tablet, and e‐Paper during study tasks of reading and writing on each medium. Paper showed general superiority in correct answer rate, processing speed, and most of subjective impression. It should also be noted that e‐Paper showed better correct answer rate than tablet.
11.4: The Fabrication of Flexible Electrofluidic Display Arrays Based on PEN Substrate
Authors: Li Hui , Zhao Weiwei , Jiang Hongwei , Yue Qiao , Tang Biao , Dou Yingying , Shui Lingling , Zhou Guofu
Published: November 2018

Flexible electrofluidic display (FLEFD), as one of the most promising reflective display technology, has drawn an increasing attention in recent years. In this study, we report the fabrication process for the FLEFD based on the flexible PEN film with ITO layer on the surface. The hyflon material was selected as the hydrophobic insulator layer to control the fabrication temperature below 170°C, and the photoresist was used to manufacture the pixel grids. After oil filing and packaging process, the electrical properties and optical properties of FLEFD were both taken into consideration. The results showed that FLEFD presented good display characteristics. The driving voltage of flexible device was 14V when the bending radius of curvature was 10cm. Furthermore, response time for the device was 18ms, and the aperture opening ratio was 42.5%.
13.3: Invited Paper: The Standardization and Performance Evaluation of Flexible Display Devices
Authors: Liu Yanling , Hu Kun , Dang Pengle , Huang Xiuqi
Published: November 2018

In this paper, according to the flexible display devices standardization, the development course and present situation of IEC/TC110 flexible display devices (WG8) are both introduced. Due to the variability of flexible display, the test method of flexible displays is different from traditional displays. At present, many studies have been focusing on the measuring methods of optical characteristics from the vantage point for curved displays, visual assessment of image quality and defects. In addition, the mechanical reliability and environment tests of flexible display devices are also discussed. Considering the usage environment, the establishment of a reasonable environmental mechanical composite test method is investigated. With the development and the application of flexible and stretchable display devices, the scientific method will be developed.
13.4: A Demonstration of Characterizing Motion Blur Behavior on Mobile System
Authors: Kao Yung-Cheng , Hsieh Tsung-Ying , Wang Kerson
Published: November 2018

In this paper, we first demonstrated a motion blur picture response time (MPRT) measurement system on mobile system. We test the performance of motion blur in Daydream mode, which is used for Virtual Reality (VR) application on mobile system Google announced in 2016. We compared two commercial cellphone to show the difference between whether VR application design is concerned.
15.2: Invited Paper: Organic LCDs on TAC film: low‐cost, area‐scalable flexible displays with glass‐like optical performance
Authors: Cain Paul A.
Published: November 2018

Flexible Organic LCD (OLCD) is a new display technology, developed by FlexEnable, based on organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs) on plastic substrates. With optical performance being one of the most important attributes of any display, achieving glass‐like optical performance on plastic is a key requirement for mass market adoption.

We explain how the use of low temperature processes (below 100°C) not only allows the use of plastic substrates (TAC) with near ideal optical properties, but also brings cost, yield and scalability advantages in manufacturing compared to flexible display approaches using inorganic TFTs that require much higher processing temperatures.
15.3: Roll‐to‐Roll Fine Copper Circuit Patterning Solutions
Authors: Chung Sheng-Hsuan , Lin Chia-Hui , Hsu Ming-Ann , Igawa Akihiko , Hsieh Tung-Hung
Published: November 2018

Fine copper circuit on flexible substrate is highly demanded components for flexible displays. Two methods have been developed for making high resolution (7um, L/S) circuits with copper thickness up to 10 um: positive‐tone photolithography/wet etching, and semi‐additive photolithography/plating/flash etching processes. High throughput roll‐to‐roll process can be applied using both methods with proprietary positive‐tone photoresists for manufacturing flexible backplane and connector circuits.
16.2: SFT with Low Reflection
Authors: Meng Lu Gen , Yu Xiao , Xiaoning Zhang , Yu Zhang
Published: November 2018

SFT‐TFT module is one type of IPS mode. The low reflection is one of the most important parameters for LC display performance that the reflection of the SFT‐TFT module can be decreased by improving the top of the SFT surface ITO.
16.3: Zero Seamless LCD Splice Wall Design System
Authors: DUANRAN MAXITONG , ZHANGXIAO YANHAN , WUNAIFU LIYANFU , CHENGJINHUI RAOTIANMIN
Published: November 2018

LCD splice wall can achieve excellent display result with large area and low cost. The main technology of splice wall include seam width, brightness, contrast, visual angle, chromaticity consistency, liquid crystal response time and so on. Among these factors, the seam width is the most important key affecting the user experience, Now there are three kinds of technology to optimize the seam width: Design more narrow border module, weaken the gap with optical components, weaken the gap with LED. The results of the survey show weaken the gap with LED is the best solution, Filling the gap of LCD splice wall with LED, Through N‐Scalar image processing technology, LCD and LED can display the same video at the same time, which can get better display effect. This article focuses on the technical scheme of using LED to weaken the seam, and implemented in one FPGA chip.
17.4: Ultra‐thin Broadband Thin Film Polarizers by Photoalignment
Authors: Pan Su , Ho Jacob Y. , Kwok Hoi-Sing
Published: November 2018

Ultra‐thin broadband polarizers with high performance are urgently demanded as the prosperous development of ultra‐thin and flexible displays. We have realized high‐dichroic‐ratio AD‐1 polarizers by the photoalignment technique, and its functional band is in the blue region. To obtain a broadband polarizer in the whole visible region, a simple additional iodine doping process is investigated. We also compare the final broadband polarizers by doping the iodine in both the atmosphere and vacuum. Moreover, by in situ exposure of polarized light during the doping process, the maximum dichroic ratio is improved to 29, which is satisfactory for the ultra‐thin and flexible OLED displays. Therefore, a simple and economical technique is offered to realize advanced displays with low cost, ultra‐thin profile, flexible style, and high performance.
17.5: Fabrication of CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dot Color Filters via Photolithography Process
Authors: Zhao Bingxin , Lu Rui , Hao Junjie , Li Shang , Bai Xue , Wang Liduo , Wang Kai , Sun Xiao Wei
Published: November 2018

Quantum dots color filter (QDCF) is potential to be a game‐changer for display and micro LED industry. In this paper, highly fluorescent QDCF have been prepared by changing surface active ligand of CdSe@ZnS to nonreactive ligand for photolithographic patterning. The quantum dots (QDs) with inactivated ligand avoids chemical reaction during the photolithography process. The 4 μm thickness QDCF with 28.8% (red) absolute PL quantum yield (λmax of 630.16 nm) has been achieved after the photolithograpy process, while the QDs with surface active sites failed to form a patterned film. This may be due to the coordination of activated bonds with photoresist and the occurrence of complexation reaction.
19.1: Exciton‐Adjustable Interlayers for Efficient and Lifetime Improved Warm White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on a Delayed Fluorescence Assistant Host
Authors: Wang Zhiheng , Li Xiang-Long , Ma Zerui , Cai Xinyi , Cai Chengsong , Su Shi-Jian
Published: November 2018

Recently, a new route to achieve 100% internal quantum efficiency white organic light‐emitting diodes (WOLEDs) was proposed by utilizing noble‐metal‐free thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters due to the radiative contributions by effective reverse intersystem crossing. However, a systematic understanding of their reliability and internal degradation mechanisms is still deficient. Here, we demonstrate high performance and operational stable purely organic fluorescent WOLEDs consisting of a TADF assistant host via a strategic exciton management by multi interlayers. By introducing such interlayers, carrier recombination zone could be controlled to suppress the generally unavoidable quenching of long‐range triplet excitons, successfully achieving remarkable external quantum efficiency of 15.1%, maximum power efficiency of 48.9 lm W−1and LT50 lifetime towards ~2000 h. Our findings also indicate that broadening the carrier recombination region as well as restraining exciplex quenching at carrier blocking interface make significant roles on reduced efficiency roll‐off and enhanced operational lifetime.
19.2: OLED Lifetime Improvement Based on Optimization of Luminance Compensation Considering Luminance Uniformity
Authors: Wang Hengjie , Fan Rui , Sun Chunlai , Zhang Xiaoning , Hwang Taijun , Wang Limin
Published: November 2018

Lifetime is one of the vital factors influencing the OLED displays performance. The existing methods mainly focus on the luminance compensation of OLED pixel to improve lifetime while the OLED luminance uniformity is ignored. The proposed method can optimize luminance compensation and improve luminance uniformity without any sensor. In the proposed method, pixel luminance is compensated while the luminance decays to a setting value. Meanwhile, considering the luminance uniformity, the output grayscale of all pixels of OLED are adjusted based on the actual luminance degradation and input grayscale of each pixel. In addition, luminance non‐uniformity index to evaluate the luminance uniformity is calculated according to the setting weight of each uneven block if the block is considered as uneven blocks. The experimental results indicate that the OLED lifetime can be extended by 28% same as previous method under the luminance compensation optimization and luminance uniformity improvement. Moreover, the luminance non‐uniformity based on human visual characteristics can be improved from 58 to 42.
22.1: Fabrication of Broadband Quarter Wave Plate by Combination of Two Retardation Films Using Coating Technique
Authors: SUN Zhibo , Meng Cuiling , HO Jacob , TSENG Ken , KWOK Hoi-Sing
Published: November 2018

Broadband quarter waveplate can be treated as a circular polarizer providing true dark in the display system. Broadband quarter wave plate consists of two waveplates with different alignment direction using coating technique is proposed and fabricated. The reflection spectrum shows a good dark state
22.3: Low cost fabrication of high contrast ratio and high transmission wire grid polarizer by nanoimprint lithography
Authors: Quan Dun-Hang , Cheng Xing , Kwok Hoi-Sing
Published: November 2018

This paper proposes a novel approach for low cost fabrication of large area wire grid polarizer (WGP). WGPs regarded as one potential alternative to traditional rear polarizer and DBEF possess the advantages of large contrast ratio (CR), high transmission. To date WGPs can be fabricated through electron beam direct write, which is slow and expensive, therefore not suitable for large area application. With the development of nano‐fabrication methods, for instance, nanoimprint lithography (NIL), large area WGP can be made at low cost and fast speed. Furthermore, flexible polarizer can also be made through roll‐to‐roll (R2R) NIL. In this paper, a WGP with high TM transmission of around 85% and low TE transmission down to 0.2% through the visible light spectra will be realized through nanofabrication. The contrast ratio of the WGP can reach >450 with peak value >3000. For the fabrication process, atom layer deposition (ALD) will be utilized to prepare imprint mask which can achieve highly precise control of expected structure. In this paper, characterization of the designed WGP will also be narrated in the back part, including transmission, CR and the SEM schematic diagram. We believe that low cost fabrication method shows the potential to be adopted for industrial fabrication of polarizer in the future.
22.4: Invited Paper: Pigmented Chemical Amplified Resist in Ultra‐fine resolution Color Filter Application: Positive Versus Negative Tone
Authors: Cheng Yi-Ming
Published: November 2018

Positive and negative tone chemical amplified resist (CAR),1 pigmented with high brightness and contrast, were composed with poly(4‐hydroxystyrene), or PHOST, a photochemical acid generator,2 and a melamine cross‐linker (only included in negative tone resist). At first, the compatibility between each of the components of resist was confirmed using precipitation method under 45°C, UV‐Vis absorption spectral data, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). The absorption properties and particle size analyses were studied in organic solvents of different polarities and the influence of solvent polarity on the wavelengths of the absorption and particle size distribution is described. Two types of chemical amplified resists, positive and negative tones, coated on a Corning EAGLE XG glass substrate followed by exposure to the UV radiation using photomasks with variously designed size patterns, post‐exposure baking (PEB, applied in negative tone resist), development with aqueous bases, were then compared in terms of pattern resolution, pattern cross‐section profiles, chromaticities, reliability tests.
23.2: Invited Paper: Influence of the Ambient Illuminance on the Subjective Brightness Measurements
Authors: Yang Lanlan , Li Shuai , Tu Yan , Zhang Yuning , Wang Lili , Li Xiaohua
Published: November 2018

The subjective brightness is determined by not only the display screen luminance but also the light surrounding the display. A metric for space brightness named “Feu” is adopted to consider the effect of luminance distribution. The relation between the pupil diameter and the space brightness is applied to obtain the subjective brightness. The measured subjective brightness is obtained both for direct‐view display and AR display. The results indicate that the measured subjective brightness is much closer to the perceived result. The subjective brightness increases along with the increase of the screen luminance at the same ambient illuminance. While at the same screen luminance, the subjective brightness decreases with the increase of the ambient illuminance in most cases.
25.2: Invited Paper: Active‐matrix, WVGA GaN Led microdisplay for augmented reality applications
Authors: Templier F. , Dupré L. , Daami A. , Renet S.
Published: November 2018

To meet the growing demand for augmented reality applications, tomorrow's microdisplays will have to offer both high resolution and high brightness (100 times brighter than those of today). Self‐emissive GaN‐based technology can offer outstanding brightness performances. Here we report high resolution (873 x 500), active‐matrix, GaN‐based LED microdisplays with a pixel pitch of 10 µm. They exhibit the highest resolution for the smallest pixel pitch ever reported for GaN microdisplays. High‐density GaN µLED arrays were first patterned at 10‐µm pitch on sapphire substrates. Arrays were then hybridized on CMOS active‐matrix using the microtube technology. Blue and green monochrome prototypes have been realized. Full video, high‐resolution images have been obtained. The performance of these GaN‐based microdisplays make them suitable for a wide range of applications from augmented reality and head‐up displays to pico‐ and compact projectors
26.4: Invited Paper: Light Extraction Improvement by High Refractive Index Nanocrystal Materials for OLED Displays and Lightings
Authors: Jao Vincent
Published: November 2018

While there are many known ways to improve light extraction, however, the cost‐effective manufacturing process and the requirement to achieve high quality image severely restrict how light can be extracted. Pixelligent's solution processable high refractive index zirconia materials allow for the creation of high index, transparent, low‐haze nanocomposites that can build the necessary light extraction structures. The application of Pixelligent's PixClear® high‐refractive index (> 1.7) zirconia nanocomposite films onto glass or flexible substrates by inkjet printing is discussed in this paper. The optically clear nanocomposite formulation comprises zirconia nanocrystals (< 10 nm in diameter), a UV‐curable binder material, a high‐boiling point solvent, and with (or without) scatters. Clear films with > 90% transmission and films containing scattering particles have been printed as uniform layers and patterned structures by inkjet printing. A broad range of film thicknesses are achievable for inkjet printing, ranging as low as tens of nanometers and up to 100 microns. Main advantages of inkjet printing are the material conservation during deposition and complex patterning of the printed material.

For this study, we demonstrate the ability of Pixelligent's zirconia nanocomposites to improve the light extraction and can be inkjet printed, emphasizing a new way in which high‐refractive index materials are being incorporated into devices for OLED lighting and displays.