bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CLINICAL DATA MANAGEMENT IMPORTANCE IN CLINICAL RESEARCH
Authors: Murugesan Deepa , Banerjee Ranganath , Ramesh Kumar Gopal
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Over the last few decades, most of the pharmaceutical companies and research sponsors are facing a lot of challenges in clinical research for their
new drug approval. The sponsor research needs a high-quality data report for getting new drug approval from Food and Drug Administration for their
medical products. Clinical trial data are important for the drug and medical device development processing pharmaceutical companies to examine
and evaluate the efficacy and safety of the new medical product in human volunteers. The results of the clinical trial studies generate the most
valuable data and in recent years; there has been massive development in the field of clinical trials. A good clinical data management system reduces
the duration of the study and cost of drug development. Further a well-designed case report form (CRF) assists data collection and make facilitates
data management and statistical analysis. Nowadays, the electronic data capture (EDC) is very beneficial in data collection. EDC helps to speed up the
clinical trial process and reduces the duration, errors and make the work easy in the data management system. This article highlights the importance
of data management processes involved in the clinical trial and provides an overview of the clinical trial data management tools. The study concluded
that data management tools play a key role in the clinical trial and well-designed CRFs reduces the errors and save the time of the clinical trials and
facilitates the drug discovery and development.
Keywords: Pharmaceutical, Clinical trial, Clinical data management, Data capture.
Arquitectura y cerámica de Casas Grandes: una comparación entre conceptos espaciales arquitectónicos y pictóricos
Authors: Parada Carrilo Georgina
Published: October 2016

El artículo tiene como objeto hacer un análisis comparativo entre determinados conceptos espaciales de la arquitectura de la ciudad precolombina de Casas Grandes y los diseños pictóricos de su cerámica polícroma. Dicha comparación revelará profundas similitudes que apuntan hacia una posible relación con los ya perdidos rituales de la cultura Casas Grandes. Sin intención de perseguir una interpretación, o de atender problemas de índole histórica o arqueológica, el texto se enfoca en cuestiones exclusivamente plásticas, en las que  el modo de representar la llamada greca escalonada tendrá un papel predominante.
Intersectorialidad, interdisciplinariedad y educación en salud: Cuestión de responsabilidad social universitaria
Authors: Sánchez Sanabria Marina , Romero Daza Angélica , Hernández Salas Nancy
Published: October 2016

Resumen Artículo de reflexión con el objetivo de señalar el valor de la intersectorialidad, la interdisciplinariedad y la educación en salud como pilares para desarrollar un modelo de responsabilidad social universitario cimentado en la conciencia social y cultura del valor de la otredad y de la alteridad. Surge de los resultados obtenidos de la investigación sobre percepción de riesgos que asumen los habitantes de mayor vulnerabilidad del área urbana de Valledupar con unos estilos de vida que pueden ser modelizados en bienestar saludable y a través del empoderamiento para desarrollar capacidad de autogestión para mejorar las condiciones de vida. El trabajo permite concluir es necesaria una mayor presencia institucional que de manera coordinada potencie los esfuerzos estatales y privados, en donde la universidad tiene un gran compromiso para promover proyectos con pertinencia y conciencia social.Abstract The objective of this article of reflection was to point out the value of the intersectorality, interdisciplinarity and health education as pillars to develop a University social responsibility model founded on social awareness and culture of the value of otherness. It comes from the results of the research made about the perception of risks the inhabitants of greater vulnerability of the urban area of Valledupar take who have life styles that can be modelled through empowerment and healthy well-being to develop the capacity for self-management to improve living conditions. It can be concluded that it is required to have a greater institutional presence that enhances State and private efforts, where the University has a strong commitment to promote projects with relevance and social awareness.
Percepciones sobre la evaluación de algunos profesionales y usuarios de los programas nutricionales en Medellín, Colombia
Authors: Goez Rueda Juan Diego , Álvarez Castaño Luz Stella
Published: October 2016

Resumen Introducción: Con el surgimiento de los programas sociales se creó también la necesidad de evaluar los recursos invertidos en ellos. Los métodos más utilizados para evaluar los programas y las políticas son los cuantitativos, sin embargo en los últimos años hemos visto el surgimiento de evaluaciones que combinan métodos, generando la necesidad de revalorizar a los actores. Objetivo: Conocer algunas de las percepciones sobre la evaluación que asumen los actores involucradas en los programas sociales. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cualitativo basado en entrevistas semiestructuradas y grupo focal. Siete participantes de los programas, cuatro líderes comunitarios y trece profesionales de nutrición y dietética fueron entrevistados en Medellín. En el grupo focal participaron profesionales de una corporación operadora de los programas sociales. Resultados: A partir de la información analizada en las entrevistas se identificaron las siguientes categorías relacionadas con la evaluación de programas sociales: la concepción sobre la evaluación, el objeto de la evaluación, los sujetos y actores de la evaluación y algunas estrategias de evaluación. Conclusiones: En general los actores no identifican la importancia de los procesos de evaluación de programas sociales, además tienen una visión asistencialista de dichas intervenciones, contraria a un enfoque universal y de derechos humanos.Abstract Introduction: With the emergence of social programs, there was also a need to evaluate the resources invested in them. The most widely used methods for evaluating programs and policies are the quantitative, but in recent years the emergence of evaluations that combine methods was seen, which generates the need to revalue the actors. Objective: To know some of perceptions of assessment the actors involved in social programs assume. Materials and methods: A qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews and focal group was made. Seven participants of the programs, 4 community leaders and 13 nutrition and dietetics professionals were interviewed in Medellin. Professionals in a corporation which operates with the social programs participated in the focal group. Results: The following categories related to the evaluation of social programs was identified from the analyzed information in the interviews: the conception of evaluation, the object of the evaluation, subjects and actors in the evaluation and assessment strategies. Conclusions: In general, the actors do not identify the importance of the process of evaluation of social programs. Besides, they have a welfare vision of such interventions, contrary to a universal approach and human rights.
Ingresos laborales, transferencias y seguridad económica de los adultos mayores de Medellín, Colombia
Authors: Aguilar Fuentes Sonia Isabel , Cardona Arango Doris
Published: October 2016

ResumenObjetivo: Explorar la seguridad económica de los adultos mayores en Medellín, Colombia, así como sus fuentes de ingreso y transferencias económicas, desde una mirada comprensiva. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cualitativo exploratorio de fuente primaria, con selección por bola de nieve por medio del método histórico-hermenéutico. Se entrevistaron quince adultos mayores y cinco especialistas en el tema, a los cuales se les indagó por aspectos relacionados con sus condiciones económicas y se analizó la información, como una teoría fundamentada, donde emergen categorías de los textos. Resultados: Los mayores se sienten inseguros económicamente al no contar con ingresos fijos y suficientes que les permitan vivir de manera autónoma e independiente; menos de una tercera parte cuenta con ingresos provenientes de un empleo, el cual es informal en la mayoría de los casos Por otro lado, las transferencias por pensión y jubilaciones están determinadas por la ocupación y tipo de vinculación en su anterior vida laboral y muchos de ellos deben recurrir a las transferencias económicas de sus familiares. Conclusión: Los adultos mayores entrevistados ven comprometida su seguridad económica por no contar con un ingreso económico para la cobertura de necesidades básicas, ya que una gran mayor parte de ellos carecen de ingresos fijos, que los lleva a la informalidad para vivir el día a día, conscientes de que cada vez se envejecerá más, aumentará la dificultad para seguir laborando y se reducen los espacio para laborar y por ello deben depender del Estado o la familia.  AbstractObjective: To explore the economic security of the elderly in Medellin, Colombia as well as their sources of income and economic transfers from a comprehensive perspective. Materials and methods: An exploratory qualitative study of primary source with selection by snowball through historical hermeneutic method was conducted. 15 seniors and 5 specialists in the field selected by snowball were interviewed and asked for aspects related to their economic conditions. The given information was analyzed, as a grounded theory, where categories from the texts emerge. Results: Elderly people feel insecure financially because they do not have fixed and sufficient income to live autonomously and independently. Less than one-third have income from employment, which in most cases is informally. On the other hand, transfers from pension and retirement benefits are determined by the occupation and type of labor relationship in their previous jobs and many of them must rely on financial transfers from their families.
Diseño y validación de encuesta sobre motivación de docentes frente a procesos de educación para la sexualidad
Authors: Hakspiel Plata María Constanza , Niño Bautista Lucila , Velazco Rangel Claudia Milena , Aragón Borré Darlen , Pineda-Rodríguez Liliana Patricia
Published: October 2016

ResumenObjetivo: Diseñar y validar encuesta, mediante el modelo de Rasch, para identificar motivaciones internas, externas o desmotivación en docentes de educación básica y media convocados a capacitación en educación para la sexualidad. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de corte transversal cuantitativo con enfoque empírico analítico no experimental para evaluar la encuesta y establecer calidad de los ítems, confiabilidad y validez; la encuesta fue elaborada a partir de la teoría de Deci y Ryan. Participaron 155 docentes de 12 colegios públicos de los municipios de Piedecuesta y El Socorro del departamento de Santander, Colombia. Resultados: Se aplicaron 51 encuestas iniciales y 104 finales. En la prueba inicial solo se logró analizar el componente de motivación externa y se observó un buen ajuste, unidimensionalidad, buena confiabilidad y separación para ítems de 0.97 y 5.76 respectivamente; En la segunda prueba los tres componentes (motivación interna, externa y desmotivación) mostraron ajuste a Rasch con unidimensionalidad, confiabilidad de ítems de 0.80, 0.97 y 0.89 y separación de 2.01, 5.78 y 2.83 respectivamente; no hubo ítems con funcionamiento diferencial por sexo. Conclusiones: Se dispone de encuesta validada y confiable para evaluar motivación docente frente a procesos de capacitación en educación para la sexualidad. AbstractObjective: To design and validate a survey using the Rasch model with the aim of identifying internal and external motivation or discouragement in teachers of basic education and media invited to training in sexuality education. Materials and methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study with  non-experimental analytical empirical approach was made in order to evaluate the survey and establish quality items, reliability and validity. The survey was  developed from the theory of Deci and Ryan. 155 teachers of 12 public schools from the municipalities of Piedecuesta and El Socorro from the department of Santander, Colombia participated. Results: 51 initial surveys and 104 final ones were applied. In the initial test, it was only possible to analyze the component of external motivation and a good fit, unidimensionality, good reliability and separation for items of 0.97 and 5.76 respectively were observed. In the second test the three components (internal, external and  discouragement) showed Rasch fit in terms of unidimensionality, reliability of items of 0.80, 0.97 and 0.89 and separation of 2.01, 5.78 and 2.83 respectively. There were no items with differential performance by sex. Conclusions: There is a validated and reliable survey to evaluate teachers’ motivation in front of training processes for sexuality education.
Identification and characterization of REC66, a Ty1-copia-like retrotransposon in the genome of red flower of Mirabilis jalapa L.
Authors: Shunri Jiang , Joshua Liang , Haiyan Feng , Dan Luo , Shester Blake , Liang Yang , Wen Lu , Suzhi Zhang , Yi Yang , Peng Liang
Published: October 2016

Mirabilis jalapa Lis the most commonly grown ornamental species of Mirabilis
and is available in a range of brilliant colors. However, genetic research on
Mirabilis jalapa Lis limited. Using fluorescent differential display (FDD)
screening, we report the identification of a novel Ty1-copia-like
retrotransposon in the genome of the red flower of Mirabilis jalapa L, and we
named it REC66based on its sequence homology to the GAG protein from
Ty1-copiaretrotransposon. Using degenerate primers based on the DNA sequence
of REC66, a total of fourteen different variants in reverse transcriptase
(RT) sequence were recovered from the genomic DNA. These RT sequences show a
high degree of heterogeneity characterized mainly by deletion mutation; they
can be divided into three subfamilies, of which the majority encode defective
RT. This is the first report of a Ty1-copiaretrotransposon in Mirabilis
jalapa L. The finding could be helpful for the development of new molecular
markers for genetic studies, particularly on the origin and evolutionary
relationships of M. jalapa L, and the study of Ty1-copiaretrotransposons and
plant genome evolution in the genus Mirabilisor family Nyctaginaceae.
Population traits of the rare plant species Succisa pratensis Moench. in meadow overgrowing
Authors: Kostrakiewicz-Gieralt Kinga
Published: October 2016

This paper examines the population traits of the rare plant species Succisa
pratensis Moench. in the course of meadow overgrowing. The investigations
were conducted in the years 2010-13, in Molinia caeruleae meadows situated in
Krak?w-Kostrze (southern Poland). The study sites represented the early
(Patch I), medium (Patch II and III) and late (Patch IV) stages of
succession. The abundance of subpopulations diminished from Patch I, via
Patches II and IV, to Patch III. The increase in abundance in consecutive
years was noticed in Patch I; an inverse tendency was found in Patches II and
III, whereas lack of variability was recorded in Patch IV. The signs of
senescence found in consecutive years in all subpopulations were mostly
pronounced in Patches III and IV. The number of rosettes per ramet cluster
did not show either temporal or spatial variability. The number of leaves per
rosette diminished, while the dimensions of rosette leaves gradually
increased in time and space due to diminishing light availability. The number
and height of flowering stems, number of cauline leaves, as well as number of
flower heads per flowering stem increased from Patch I to Patch III due to
lateral shading, and then it diminished in Patch IV due to shading from
above. The performed studies indicate that the subpopulation occurring in
Patch I has the greatest chance for maintenance in the colonized sites, while
the subpopulation occurring in Patch III is the most endangered by
extinction.
Galvanic enhancement for high pressure leaching of chalcopyrite
Authors: Kim D.H. , Kim W.J. , Kim H.S. , Han K.S. , Tran T. , Kim M.J.
Published: October 2016

This study was conducted to evaluate the galvanic enhancement of the pressure
oxidation (POX) leaching of a chalcopyrite/chalcocite concentrate, which is
believed to take place via a redox reaction. Cu recoveries of >90% could be
achieved during POX leaching of this chalcopyrite/chalcocite concentrate at
200?C and 0.7 MPa initial oxygen pressure within 2h in a pressure reactor
lined with titanium, which were 18-28% higher than for the same leaching
using the teflon liner. A slow heating time seems to produce more sulphur
coating, reducing the leaching performance, yielding much lower Cu recovery
when the teflon lining was used, although this does not greatly affect the
other case when the reactor was lined with titanium. The introduction of an
electronic conductor, in this case the titanium surface, is believed to
enhance this redox process, in which the oxidation of copper minerals and
sulphur to sulphate at the anodic sites (mineral surface) encountered during
POX leaching takes place simultaneously with the reversible
oxidation/reduction of the Fe2+/Fe3+couple and oxygen reduction on titanium.
Executive pay and market value sensitivity
Authors: Lin Feng-Li
Published: October 2016

Executive pay relative to that of average workers has risen dramatically
worldwide. Such a high level of executive pay raises the question of whether
a steep rise in executive pay affects firm value. This study examined the
relationship between executive pay and firm value. A panel smooth transition
regression model is adopted to determine an optimal level of executive pay
that maximizes firm value for a sample of 512 Taiwanese-listed firms over the
period 2006-2011. The finding is that when the ratio of executive pay to net
income after tax exceeds 2.71%, the firm value increases. The results suggest
a correlation between large executive ownership (corresponding to high
executive pay) and both increased operational efficiencies and firm value.
These findings may be useful when contemplating executive compensation
policy.
Industrial diversification and performance in an emerging market
Authors: Yücel Emel , Önal Yıldırım
Published: October 2016

In this study, we investigated the relationship between industrial
diversification and firm performance using a market-based performance measure
and an accounting measure. We used the data of the firms listed on Borsa
Istanbul during the period between 2006 and 2012. The results of the panel
data indicate that there is a significant positive relationship between
diversification and performance. We found that diversified firms outperformed
the single firms. As is compatible with a resource-based approach, it was
found that diversified firms tended to use their resources more efficiently
compared to single firms.
Estimation of loneliness in students with visual impairments
Authors: Stanimirovic Dragana , Jablan Branka , Stojkovic Sladjana , Stamankovic Miroslav
Published: October 2016

Background/Aim. Loneliness is becoming more frequent, especially in young people. Some authors believe that visual impairments increase the risk of loneliness. Empirical data on its manifestation in persons with visual impairments are contradictory. The aim of this research was to determine the degree of loneliness in students with visual impairments and their peers from general population. Methods. A comparative research was conducted on a sample consisting of 36 visually impaired students and 101 students without visual impairments (control group). Students with visual impairments were divided into 3 subgroups with regard to the degree of visual impairments (students with low vision, legally blind, and totally blind students). University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale (which assesses the general loneliness) and Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale (which assesses social loneliness, family loneliness, and romantic loneliness) were used in our investigation. Results. The results showed that the general loneliness was significantly lower in the group of students with visual impairments than in the control group (t = 2.121; p = 0.036). There were no significant differences in the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale between the group with visual impairments and the control group. No significant differences were determined in the level of loneliness among students with a different degree of visual impairments. There are significant differences in the manifestation level of social loneliness, family loneliness, and romantic loneliness (Wilk?s lambda = 0.604; p ? 0.000) in the group of students with visual impairments. Romantic loneliness was manifested the most, followed by social loneliness, while family loneliness was the least manifested. Conclusion. With regard to the results of our research, visual impairment alone is not a crucial factor of loneliness in students with visual impairments. Further studies on protective factors of loneliness can contribute to its prevention in young people with visual impairments.
Isolated metastasis of lung cancer to carpal bones
Authors: Stankovic Milan , Lalic Ivica , Djuricin Aleksandar , Gvozdenovic Nemanja
Published: October 2016

Introduction. Lung cancer often gives metastases in the bone system, of which the wrist accounts for 0.1% and the bones of the wrist are primarily affected in only 17% of cases. We presented a patient with the delayed diagnosis and a rare localization of isolated metastases of lung cancer to carpal bones which ended with upper arm amputation. Case report. A 56-year-old, a laborer, healthy, smoker, coughing for decades with occasional expectoration, hoarseness, during the last 3 months felt pain in his right wrist. He denied trauma. Physical examination led to the diagnosis of tendovaginitis of the hand. He visited a physiatrist and began treatment. After the therapy, symptoms were partially decreased and later began to worsen with symptoms of the median nerve compression. The neurologist diagnosed it as the carpal tunnel syndrome. The patient?s condition worsened and he was sent to the Emergency Center of the Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia with the diagnosis of arthritis of the wrist. The final diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma with isolated metastasis to bone tissue was made with a biopsy of the tumor and examination by an oncologist. Primary tumor localization was diagnosed with a computed tomography (CT) scan and skeletal scintigraphy. The patient underwent upper arm amputation and was sent to an oncologist. Conclusion. Carefully taken anamnesis, detailed general and local examination, and frequent monitoring of patients could help make a correct diagnosis of this rare localization of the lung cancer, before the spreading process and the occurrence of severe complications.
Magnets ingestion as a rare cause of ileus in adults: A case report
Authors: Doklestic Krstina , Loncar Zlatibor , Jovanovic Bojan , Velickovic Jelena
Published: October 2016

Introduction. Magnetic foreign bodies are harmless when ingested as a single object. However, if numerous of individual magnets are ingested at certain intervals, one after the other, they may attract each other through the bowel wall and cause severe bowel damage. Case report. We re-ported a case of a man, age 21, who swallowed 2 very small magnets, presented with clinical and radiographic signs of acute bowel obstruction and intestinal fistula. The cause of obstruction was detected during laparotomy. At laparotomy, one magnet was found in the proximal jejunum and the other in the distal ileum, strongly attracting each other followed by small bowel twisting around this point of rotation, causing a complete small bowel obstruction with strangulation and jejuno-ileal fistula. The intestinal segments were devolvulated and both intestine perforations were primarily sutured. The patient recovered successfully after the surgery and was discharged 5 days after the laparotomy. Conclusion. Patients who ingested magnetic objects must be seriously considered and emergency laparotomy should be performed to prevent serious gastrointestinal complications.
Identification of Rare Recombinants Leads to Tightly Linked Markers for Nematode Resistance in Peanut
Authors: Chu Y. , Gill R. , Clevenger J. , Timper P. , Holbrook C. C. , Ozias-Akins P
Published: October 2016

Strong host resistance to root-knot nematode (RKN; Meloidogyne arenaria) introgressed from a wild diploid species to cultivated peanut was previously shown to be located on a large chromosomal region of linkage group A09. Little to no recombination in mapping populations has hindered fine mapping of the resistance genes. In order to further delineate the introgressed region, additional polymorphic markers were added to the linkage group A09 using a recombinant inbred line population developed from Gregory x Tifguard in which Gregory is the susceptible parent and Tifguard is the resistant parent harboring the alien introgression. Map distance within the introgressed region based on this population increased to 8 cM compared with zero recombination in an earlier generation. Lines with rare recombination within this introgressed region were phenotyped and it was demonstrated that one portion of the introgressed region confers moderate resistance while a smaller, distal portion confers strong resistance to RKN. Molecular markers associated with the introgressed region conferring strong resistance can be deployed in peanut breeding programs to improve selection for RKN resistance.
Photodynamic Therapy and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer
Authors: Griffin Liezel , Lear John
Published: October 2016

Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common malignancy among the Caucasian population. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is gaining popularity for the treatment of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), Bowen’s disease (BD) and actinic keratosis (AK). A topical or systemic exogenous photosensitiser, results in selective uptake by malignant cells. Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) is produced then activated by the introduction of a light source. Daylight-mediated MAL (methyl aminolaevulinate) PDT for AKs has the advantage of decreased pain and better patient tolerance. PDT is an effective treatment for superficial BCC, BD and both individual and field treatment of AKs. Excellent cosmesis can be achieved with high patient satisfaction. Variable results have been reported for nodular BCC, with improved outcomes following pretreatment and repeated PDT cycles. The more aggressive basisquamous, morphoeic infiltrating subtypes of BCC and invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are not suitable for PDT. Prevention of “field cancerization” in organ transplant recipients on long-term immunosuppression and patients with Gorlin syndrome (naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome) is a promising development. The optimisation of PDT techniques with improved photosensitiser delivery to target tissues, new generation photosensitisers and novel light sources may expand the future role of PDT in NMSC management.
One Pot Synthesis of Pt/Graphene Composite Using Polyamidoamine/Chitosan as a Template and Its Electrocatalysis for Methanol Oxidation
Authors: Wang Yanli , Li Zhongshui , Xu Shuhong , Lei Fengling , Lin Shen
Published: October 2016

A one-pot hydrothermal strategy was used to synthesize Pt/GNs (PAMAM) & Pt/GNs (CS) composites. Pt nanoparticles are deposited onto graphene sheets (GNs) via synchronous reduction of K2PtCl4 and graphene oxide (GO) under hydrothermal conditons without additional reducing agent. During the synthesis process, polyamidoamine (PAMAM) or chitosan (CS) was used as a template respectively to obtain shape controlled Pt particles on the surface of GNs, leading to the formation of flower-like Pt nanoclusters for Pt/GNs (PAMAM) and uniform spherical Pt nanoparticles for Pt/GNs (CS). PAMAM and CS are simultaneously served as intrinsic reducing agents to accelerate reduction process; ensuring excellent electrical conductivity of the composites. Electrochemical tests show that Pt/GNs (PAMAM) and Pt/GNs (CS) have much higher electrocatalytic activity and better stability toward methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) in comparison with counterpart Pt/GNs and the commercially available 20% Pt/C catalyst (Pt/C) due to their better dispersion of Pt particles, stronger interaction between Pt and substrate materials, and better electron transfer capability.
Challenges in Specialty Coffee Processing and Quality Assurance
Authors: Poltronieri Palmiro , Rossi Franca
Published: October 2016

Coffee is an important crop that assures a sustainable economy to farmers in tropical regions. A dramatic concern for coffee production is currently represented by climate change, which threatens the survival of Coffea arabica cultivation worldwide and imposes modifications of the agronomic practices to prevent this risk. The quality of coffee beans depends on optimized protocols of cultivation, ripe berries collection, and removal of the outer fruit layers by dry or wet processes and moisture reduction. Storage and shipment represent two steps where bean quality needs to be preserved by preventing fungal contamination that may impact the final product and form mycotoxins, mainly ochratoxin A. In this review, we describe the challenges faced by the coffee industry to guarantee quality from production to roasting and brewing. An overview of novel technologies, such as the application of starter cultures in fermentation and the exploitation of industrial enzymes in accelerating the process of flavour development in coffee beans, is given. Moreover, the results of studies on microbial populations on coffee and the differences found in fungi, yeasts and bacteria composition among the investigations, are summarized. In particular, this review describes new attempts to contain the development of mycotoxigenic fungi, through the application of antagonistic microorganisms such as S. cerevisiae. The new wave of specialty coffees, i.e., those with a cupping score higher than 85/100, is also presented. It is shown how, through careful coffee production methods and controlled fermentation processes, coffee producers may increase their income by assuring high standards of quality and high added value for the coffee experience sector.
Erratum: Ghasemi, M.; Choudhury, P.K. Metamaterial Absorber Comprised of Butt-Facing U-Shaped Nanoengineered Gold Metasurface. Energies 2016, 9, 451
Authors:   Energies Editorial Office
Published: October 2016

The Energies Editorial Ofﬁce wishes to make the following erratum to their paper [1]:[...]
ODK Scan: Digitizing Data Collection and Impacting Data Management Processes in Pakistan’s Tuberculosis Control Program
Authors: Ali Syed , Powers Rachel , Beorse Jeffrey , Noor Arif , Naureen Farah , Anjum Naveed , Ishaq Muhammad , Aamir Javariya , Anderson Richard
Published: October 2016

The present grievous tuberculosis situation can be improved by efficient case management and timely follow-up evaluations. With the advent of digital technology, this can be achieved through quick summarization of the patient-centric data. The aim of our study was to assess the effectiveness of the ODK Scan paper-to-digital system during a testing period of three months. A sequential, explanatory mixed-method research approach was employed to elucidate technology use. Training, smartphones, the application and 3G-enabled SIMs were provided to the four field workers. At the beginning, baseline measures of the data management aspects were recorded and compared with endline measures to determine the impact of ODK Scan. Additionally, at the end of the study, users’ feedback was collected regarding app usability, user interface design and workflow changes. A total of 122 patients’ records were retrieved from the server and analysed in terms of quality. It was found that ODK Scan recognized 99.2% of multiple choice fill-in bubble responses and 79.4% of numerical digit responses correctly. However, the overall quality of the digital data was decreased in comparison to manually entered data. Using ODK Scan, a significant time reduction is observed in data aggregation and data transfer activities, but data verification and form-filling activities took more time. Interviews revealed that field workers saw value in using ODK Scan, but they were more concerned about the time-consuming aspects of the use of ODK Scan. Therefore, it is concluded that minimal disturbance in the existing workflow, continuous feedback and value additions are the important considerations for the implementing organization to ensure technology adoption and workflow improvements.
The Other Side: How does Informed Choice Affect Induced Abortions among Reproductive-Age Immigrant Women in China—A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yu Chuanning , Wu Junqing , Li Yuyan , Zhou Ying , Zhao Rui , Ji Honglei , Li Yi-Ran , Han Ying , Tong Qi
Published: October 2016

This study attempted to explore how informed choice on contraceptive methods influenced induced abortions among reproductive-age immigrant women in China. A total of 3230 participants were recruited in Beijing, Shanghai, and Chongqing. Information on informed choice was collected by questionnaires. The annual incidence rate (spells) of induced abortions was 0.46 (1500/3230) among the participants. The sequence from the highest score to the lowest was long-term, short-term and natural contraceptive methods (p < 0.0001). Significant differences of rates in induced abortions were found in region, occupation, length of the first immigration up to now (year), purpose for immigration, number of children, marital status, sex preference, contraceptive methods, deciders of contraceptive methods and side effects. In the zero-inflated negative binomial model, the joint impacts showed when a participant with one child employed condoms or family planning service providers as the deciders of contraceptive methods introduced intrauterine devices, the occurrence of induced abortions was more likely to be reduced. Women who underwent side effects using pills were more likely to have had induced abortions.
miR-155: A Novel Target in Allergic Asthma
Authors: Zhou Hong , Li Junyao , Gao Peng , Wang Qi , Zhang Jie
Published: October 2016

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs of 18–24 nucleotides in length, function to posttranscriptionally regulate protein expression. miR-155 was one of the first identified and, to date, the most studied miRNA, and has been linked to various cellular processes such as modulation of immune responses and oncogenesis. Previous studies have identified miR-155 as a crucial positive regulator of Th1 immune response in autoimmune diseases, but as a suppressor of Th2 immunity in allergic disorders. However, recent studies have found new evidence that miR-155 plays an indispensible role in allergic asthma. This review summarizes the recent findings with respect to miR-155 in immune responses and the underlying mechanisms responsible for miR-155-related allergic diseases, as well as the similarities between miR-155 and glucocorticoids in immunity.
Effect of Mg17Al12 Fraction on Mechanical Properties of Mg-9%Al-1%Zn Cast Alloy
Authors: Dini Hoda , Andersson Nils-Eric , Jarfors Anders
Published: October 2016

In the current study it was observed that the offset yield point of Mg-9%Al-1%Zn alloy was strongly influenced by the connectivity of Mg17Al12. It was suggested that an increase in the fraction of Mg17Al12 from 8% to 11% could lead to the formation of a Mg17Al12 network which resulted in a higher offset yield point. In addition, it was observed that elongation to failure of the Mg-9%Al-1%Zn alloy strongly depended on the fraction of Mg17Al12. Moreover, the apparent toughness showed a strong inverse relation to the secondary dendrite arm spacing. This approach might be extended to forecast the behavior in other magnesium alloys forming a network of the Mg-Al phase.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded Dissimilar Titanium Alloys: TIMET-54M and ATI-425
Authors: Gangwar Kapil , Ramulu M. , Cantrell Andrew , Sanders Daniel
Published: October 2016

Weight reduction in automobiles and in aerospace industries can profoundly register for the behemoth change in the consumption of the fossil fuels and, in turn, CO2 emission. With a promising hope in hindsight for weight reduction, we have successfully produced butt joints of friction stir welded (FSWed) dissimilar, and rather novice, α-β titanium alloys—ATI-425 and TIMET-54M. The study presented in this article encompasses the microstructural and mechanical properties of the joints for two cases, (1) ATI-425 on the advancing side; and (2) TIMET-54M on the advancing side. The evolution of microstructure and concomitant mechanical properties are characterized by optical microscopy, microhardness, and tensile properties. A detailed description of the microstructural evolution and its correlation with the mechanical properties have been presented in this study. Our investigations suggest that mixing patterns are dependent on the location (advancing, or retreating) of the alloying sheet. However, the microstructure in the weld nugget (WN) is quite similar (grain boundary α, and basket weave morphology consisting of α + β lamellae) in both cases with traces of untransformed β. The thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) on the either side of the weld is primarily affected by the microstructure of the base material (BM). A noticeable increase in the hardness values in the WN is accompanied by significant deflection on the advancing and retreating sides. The tensile properties extracted from the global stress strain curves are comparable with minimal difference for both cases. In both cases, the fracture occurred on the retreating side of the weld.
Laurus nobilis, Zingiber officinale and Anethum graveolens Essential Oils: Composition, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities against Bacteria Isolated from Fish and Shellfish
Authors: Snuossi Mejdi , Trabelsi Najla , Ben Taleb Sabrine , Dehmeni Ameni , Flamini Guido , De Feo Vincenzo
Published: October 2016

Several bacterial strains were isolated from wild and reared fish and shellfish. The identification of these strains showed the dominance of the Aeromonas hydrophila species in all seafood samples, followed by Staphylococcus spp., Vibrio alginolyticus, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella ornithinolytica, Klebsiella oxytoca and Serratia odorifera. The isolates were studied for their ability to produce exoenzymes and biofilms. The chemical composition of the essential oils from Laurus nobilis leaves, Zingiber officinale rhizomes and Anethum graveolens aerial parts was studied by GC and GC/MS. The essential oils’ antioxidant and antibacterial activities against the isolated microorganisms were studied. Low concentrations of the three essential oils were needed to inhibit the growth of the selected bacteria and the lowest MBCs values were obtained for the laurel essential oil. The selected essential oils can be used as a good natural preservative in fish food due to their antioxidant and antibacterial activities.
Exogenous Methyl Jasmonate and Salicylic Acid Induce Subspecies-Specific Patterns of Glucosinolate Accumulation and Gene Expression in Brassica oleracea L.
Authors: Yi Go-Eun , Robin Arif , Yang Kiwoung , Park Jong-In , Hwang Byung , Nou Ill-Sup
Published: October 2016

Glucosinolates have anti-carcinogenic properties. In the recent decades, the genetics of glucosinolate biosynthesis has been widely studied, however, the expression of specific genes involved in glucosinolate biosynthesis under exogenous phytohormone treatment has not been explored at the subspecies level in Brassica oleracea. Such data are vital for strategies aimed at selective exploitation of glucosinolate profiles. This study quantified the expression of 38 glucosinolate biosynthesis-related genes in three B. oleracea subspecies, namely cabbage, broccoli and kale, and catalogued associations between gene expression and increased contents of individual glucosinolates under methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA) treatments. Glucosinolate accumulation and gene expression in response to phytohormone elicitation was subspecies specific. For instance, cabbage leaves showed enhanced accumulation of the aliphatic glucoiberin, progoitrin, sinigrin and indolic neoglucobrassicin under both MeJA and SA treatment. MeJA treatment induced strikingly higher accumulation of glucobrassicin (GBS) in cabbage and kale and of neoglucobrassicin (NGBS) in broccoli compared to controls. Notably higher expression of ST5a (Bol026200), CYP81F1 (Bol028913, Bol028914) and CYP81F4 genes was associated with significantly higher GBS accumulation under MeJA treatment compared to controls in all three subspecies. CYP81F4 genes, trans-activated by MYB34 genes, were expressed at remarkably high levels in all three subspecies under MeJA treatment, which also induced in higher indolic NGBS accumulation in all three subspecies. Remarkably higher expression of MYB28 (Bol036286), ST5b, ST5c, AOP2, FMOGS-OX5 (Bol031350) and GSL-OH (Bol033373) was associated with much higher contents of aliphatic glucosinolates in kale leaves compared to the other two subspecies. The genes expressed highly could be utilized in strategies to selectively increase glucosinolate compounds in B. oleracea subspecies. These results promote efforts to develop genotypes of B. oleracea and other species with enhanced levels of desired glucosinolates.
Chemical Constituents from the Aerial Parts of Cyrtopodium paniculatum
Authors: Auberon Florence , Olatunji Opeyemi , Herbette Gaëtan , Raminoson Diamondra , Antheaume Cyril , Soengas Beatriz , Bonté Frédéric , Lobstein Annelise
Published: October 2016

We report the first phytochemical study of the neotropical orchid Cyrtopodium paniculatum. Eight new compounds, including one phenanthrene 1, one 9,10-dihydro-phenanthrene 2, one hydroxybenzylphenanthrene 3, two biphenanthrenes 4–5, and three 9,10 dihydrophenanthrofurans 6–8, together with 28 known phenolic compounds, mostly stilbenoids, were isolated from the CH2Cl2 extract of its leaves and pseudobulbs. The structures of the new compounds were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic methods.
Vitamin D Status during Pregnancy in a Multi-Ethnic Population-Representative Swedish Cohort
Authors: Bärebring Linnea , Schoenmakers Inez , Glantz Anna , Hulthén Lena , Jagner Åse , Ellis Joy , Bärebring Mattias , Bullarbo Maria , Augustin Hanna
Published: October 2016

There is currently little information on changes in vitamin D status during pregnancy and its predictors. The aim was to study the determinants of change in vitamin D status during pregnancy and of vitamin D deficiency (<30 nmol/L) in early pregnancy. Blood was drawn in the first (T1) and third trimester (T3). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) (N = 1985) was analysed by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry. Season-corrected 25(OH)D was calculated by fitting cosine functions to the data. Mean (standard deviation) 25(OH)D was 64.5(24.5) nmol/L at T1 and 74.6(34.4) at T3. Mean age was 31.3(4.9) years, mean body mass index (BMI) was 24.5(4.2) kg/m2 and 74% of the women were born in Sweden. Vitamin D deficiency was common among women born in Africa (51%) and Asia (46%) and prevalent in 10% of the whole cohort. Determinants of vitamin D deficiency at T1 were of non-North European origin, and had less sun exposure, lower vitamin D intake and lower age. Season-corrected 25(OH)D increased by 11(23) nmol/L from T1 to T3. The determinants of season-corrected change in 25(OH)D were origin, sun-seeking behaviour, clothing style, dietary vitamin D intake, vitamin D supplementation and recent travel <35° N. In conclusion, season-corrected 25(OH)D concentration increased during pregnancy and depended partly on lifestyle factors. The overall prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was low but common among women born in Africa and Asia. Among them, the determinants of both vitamin D deficiency and change in season-corrected vitamin D status were fewer, indicating a smaller effect of sun exposure.
Association between Low Dietary Protein Intake and Geriatric Nutrition Risk Index in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Retrospective Single-Center Cohort Study
Authors: Kiuchi Aki , Ohashi Yasushi , Tai Reibin , Aoki Toshiyuki , Mizuiri Sonoo , Ogura Toyoko , Aikawa Atsushi , Sakai Ken
Published: October 2016

Reduced dietary protein intake in malnourished patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) may be associated with adverse clinical outcomes, which may mask any efficacy of a low-protein diet. The study included 126 patients with CKD who attended a dedicated dietary counseling clinic in 2005–2009 and were systematically followed until January 2015. Of these patients, 20 (15.9%) had moderate or severe nutrition-related risk of geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) < 92; these patients were more likely to be older, have a greater proteinuria, and have lower body mass index and serum albumin concentration. Dietary protein intake was significantly lower in older patients (r = −0.33, p < 0.001) and those with lower glomerular filtration rate (r = 0.47, p < 0.001). The non-protein to nitrogen calorie ratio was independently associated with GNRI. Reduced GNRI was significantly associated with mortality (hazard ratio (HR) = 4.94; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.61–15.42, p = 0.012) and cardiovascular events (HR = 9.37; 95% CI = 2.49–37.34, p = 0.006), but not with adverse renal outcomes. Restricting protein intake may be harmful to patients with any nutrition-related risk, suggesting that improvement of nutritional status should be a high priority.
Does Human Milk Modulate Body Composition in Late Preterm Infants at Term-Corrected Age?
Authors: Giannì Maria , Consonni Dario , Liotto Nadia , Roggero Paola , Morlacchi Laura , Piemontese Pasqua , Menis Camilla , Mosca Fabio
Published: October 2016

(1) Background: Late preterm infants account for the majority of preterm births and are at risk of altered body composition. Because body composition modulates later health outcomes and human milk is recommended as the normal method for infant feeding, we sought to investigate whether human milk feeding in early life can modulate body composition development in late preterm infants; (2) Methods: Neonatal, anthropometric and feeding data of 284 late preterm infants were collected. Body composition was evaluated at term-corrected age by air displacement plethysmography. The effect of human milk feeding on fat-free mass and fat mass content was evaluated using multiple linear regression analysis; (3) Results: Human milk was fed to 68% of the infants. According to multiple regression analysis, being fed any human milk at discharge and at term-corrected and being fed exclusively human milk at term-corrected age were positively associated with fat-free mass content(β = −47.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −95.7; −0.18; p = 0.049; β = −89.6, 95% CI = −131.5; −47.7; p < 0.0001; β = −104.1, 95% CI = −151.4; −56.7, p < 0.0001); (4) Conclusion: Human milk feeding appears to be associated with fat-free mass deposition in late preterm infants. Healthcare professionals should direct efforts toward promoting and supporting breastfeeding in these vulnerable infants.