bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Description of School Refusal Behavior in Adolescents Prior to Acute Care Admission
Authors: Rohrig Stephanie N. , Bennett Shannon M. , Desai Payal , Zendegui Elaina A. , Chiu Angela W.
Published: July 2023

This study uses a novel measure to describe school refusal (SR) behavior among 91 U.S. adolescents ages 13 to 18 years old in the month leading up to a partial hospitalization program (PHP) admission. Youth exhibit a range of SR behaviors. Three fourths (77%) reported missing at least two full days of school and nearly one third (29%) reported being absent from school the entire month before PHP admission. Among youth who reported attending school, 36% reported leaving school early, 55% reported leaving the classroom, and 59% reported arriving late to school at least “a little” or 2 days in the month prior to PHP admission. Youth rarely shared that they spend time with friends or doing homework while absent from school. In addition, agreement between caregivers and youth on the extent to which youth are struggling with school attendance and how youth spend their time while out of school was low to moderate ( r = .14–.52). Results suggest that the School Interference Questionnaire (SIQ) can complement existing SR instruments to offer descriptive information about the frequency and type of SR behavior, perceived impact, and targets of intervention by identifying potential positive and negative reinforcers.
Vinorelbine-related tetraplegia due to severe peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Bayram Ertugrul , Demir Turgay , Kaya Omer , Paydas Semra
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Vinorelbine, a semi-synthetic vinca alkaloid with anticancer activity by binding to tubulin, has shown to be successful in the treatment of cancer types including advanced non-small cell lung cancer, uterine cancer, and metastatic breast cancer. Myelosuppression, hematological effects, nausea, vomiting, exhaustion, and neuropathy are some of the most typical side effects of vinorelbine. We discuss the unusual presentation of vinorelbine-induced tetraplegia in a breast cancer patient.

Case Report

A 66-year-old patient with breast cancer, who was followed up with adjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy after mastectomy, presented with lung and bone metastases. She progressed in the follow-ups after receiving platinum and taxane chemotherapy, vinorelbine treatment was then started. The patient complained of weakness, weariness, and trouble walking after receiving a total dose of 180 mg. Tetraplegia was found after a neurological assessment.

Management and Outcome

It was thought that vinorelbine was responsible for the recent acute weakness. The patient's vinorelbine treatment was stopped. During follow-up, upper extremity paresis regressed, while lower extremities muscle strength remained unchanged.

Discussion

Vinorelbine, frequently used in oncology practice, causes some side effects. Although very rare in the literature, in this case severe peripheral neuropathy has been reported in the follow-up of post-vinorelbine quadriparesis.
Antilisterial activity of cinnamon essential oil, pomegranate extract, or strawberry tree extract against Listeria monocytogenes in slices of dry-cured ham and pork loin
Authors: dos Santos Luciana Ruschel , Alía Alberto , Martin Irene , Freitas Carla Patrícia , Rodrigues Laura Beatriz , dos Santos Jucilene Sena , Borges Karen Apellanis , Furian Thales Quedi , Córdoba Juan J
Published: July 2023

Owing to concerns about the antimicrobial resistance of agents that can prevent the growth of Listeria monocytogenes in meat, researchers have investigated natural preservatives with antilisterial effects. However, in vivo application of essential oils and plant extracts usually results in reduced antimicrobial activity in meat products when compared to in vitro studies. This study aimed to evaluate the in vivo antimicrobial activity of cinnamon essential oil, pomegranate, and strawberry tree extracts in slices of dry-cured ham and pork loin against L. monocytogenes. Fragments of sterile dry-cured ham were inoculated with 100 μL cinnamon oil 0.5%, pomegranate, or strawberry crude extract. After 10 min, 100 μL of L. monocytogenes serotype 4b (104 colony-forming unit [CFU]/mL) was inoculated, and samples were incubated at 7 °C for 7 d to simulate the processing and storage temperature conditions of dry-cured meat products. L. monocytogenes was detected and quantified. Only strawberry extract presented significant differences ( P < 0.05) from the control; thus, it was selected for the assay with 2% and 4% salt-treated pork loin. The strawberry tree extract significantly ( P < 0.05) reduced the growth of L. monocytogenes in dry-cured ham. However, it could not reduce L. monocytogenes growth in pork loin, regardless of the salt concentration. This is the first report on the antimicrobial effect of strawberry tree leaf extract against L. monocytogenes in dry-cured ham.
Pain experience in patients undergoing topical anesthesia alone versus topical plus intracameral anesthesia during cataract surgery
Authors: Ripa Matteo , Ricci Francesco , Rizzo Stanislao
Published: July 2023

Purpose

To evaluate and compare the pain experience and discomfort during cataract surgery and over the 24 hours after surgery in patients undergoing either topical anesthesia alone or topical anesthesia plus intracameral anesthesia, provided by using a standard topical anesthesia regimen and a 0.2-mL dose of Mydrane®.

Methods

Prospective study involving 100 patients who underwent cataract surgery receiving either topical anesthesia alone (group 1, n = 50) or topical anesthesia plus intracameral anesthesia (group 2, n = 50) between January 2021 and March 2022. The pain experienced by patients during and after surgery was assessed using a pain scale and a questionnaire. One hour after surgery, patients were asked to rate the intensity of discomfort they experienced throughout the procedure by pointing to a 0–100 Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).

Results

According to VAS measurements, patients who underwent surgery under topical anesthesia reported more significant pain than those who underwent surgery under topical anesthesia plus intracameral anesthesia during and over the 24 hours after surgery. ( p = 0.02 and p = 0.01, respectively). Patients undergoing topical anesthesia had 2.34-fold greater odds of having pain during surgery [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.58–5.25, p = 0.03].

Conclusions

Topical anesthesia plus intracameral anesthesia lower intraoperative and postoperative pain levels, improving patient cooperation and representing a useful analgesic delivery method in cataract surgery.
An investigation on tribological properties of advanced microwave synthesized molybdenum disulfide as anti-friction additives in commercially available lubricating oils
Authors: Nagarajan Thachnatharen , Khalid Mohammad , Zaharin Haizum Aimi , Sridewi Nanthini
Published: July 2023

The frictional stress between opposing contact surfaces will damage the mechanical parts of a machine. An appropriate lubricant can significantly reduce this. Blending nanoadditives with base oil is claimed to be an effective technique to increase the anti-friction qualities of lubricants using nanotechnology. Advanced microwave synthesized molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) anti-friction nanoadditive was employed in various lubricating oils namely fully synthetic, semi-synthetic, mineral, and hydraulic oil to formulate the nanolubricant. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and a physical stability observation test were used to study the nanoadditives (MoS2) physicochemical characteristics. The tribological analysis of the MoS2 nanolubricant was measured using the four-ball tribotester. The coefficient of friction (COF) and average wear scar diameter (WSD) of the anti-friction additives were analyzed. The experimental results revealed improvements in COF and WSD in the range of 7.47–15.81% and 6.57–16.07% after the addition of MoS2 nanoparticles in the various lubricating oils. This study discovered that engine oil with advanced microwave-synthesized MoS2 nanoparticles has a significantly lower COF and WSD than engine oil that is not added with the anti-friction additives.
Practice and product: a social semiotic approach to visual communication in sexual and reproductive health promotion
Authors: van Leeuwen Theo , Zonjic Nikolina
Published: July 2023

This article investigates the use of visual communication in sexual and reproductive health information resources produced by an Australian Family Planning organization for different populations – people from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds (especially recent immigrants from Syria and Afghanistan), Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, and young people from both these groups. Co-authored by a semiotician and the manager of the organization’s Health Promotion Team, it combines visual analysis of semiotic products with firsthand experience of the organization’s semiotic practices. The article shows how the same medical information leads to different health information products for different groups on the basis of ideas about what can be considered culturally acceptable to these groups. In this way, it demonstrates a social semiotic approach to the analysis of visual communication in which the findings of analysing visual products are understood in relation to the practices of their production.
Fear generation in the multimodal communication of sexual and reproductive health to Malaysian adolescents
Authors: Ang Pei Soo , Taib Fauziah
Published: July 2023

There has been much debate about the state of sexuality education in Malaysia which is heavily influenced by conservative cultural and religious attitudes. To better understand the scenario, this study examines how sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) education is communicated multimodally to adolescents via printed and digital promotional materials. These materials were produced by the three main responsible agencies: the National Population and Family Development Board, the Ministry of Health Malaysia and the Federation of Reproductive Health Association Malaysia. Adopting Kress and Van Leeuwen’s visual grammar framework in Reading Images (1996) with a focus on visual composition, social actor analysis and viewer positioning, the materials were found to predominantly address Malay teenagers and carry fear-based messages about abstinence and the consequences of committing zina (a Malay word for illicit sexual relations). Custom and conformity rather than expert legitimation and trust in the social and health authorities dominate local sexual health education. The authors argue that contraception should be advocated through a discourse of health and social risk mitigation and responsible gender roles while respecting cultural and moral obligations. Adolescents also have a right to be informed about options appropriate to their own circumstances in line with Target 3.7 of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Locally, such recommendations would contribute to Malaysia’s Shared Prosperity Vision 2030 and Twelfth Malaysia Plan which seek to improve the well-being of young citizens through targeted education and public services.
Scaling through the pandemic: An analysis of international students’ experiences
Authors: Jokila Suvi , Filippou Kalypso
Published: July 2023

In educational research, scales are often presented as the ontological reality of a study. This study problematises this starting point and suggests approaching scales as experienced and epistemically used. Thus, this study asks how international students studying at Finnish universities during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic negotiated their experiences using scales and scaling. The analysis was based on the responses ( n = 84) to an open-ended question in an online survey. The survey was distributed in the spring of 2020 to international students studying in universities across Finland. We conducted an abductive analysis of how the international students employed scales in their reflections on their lives during the pandemic. Theoretically, we draw from the conceptualisation of scales, which we suggest provides an analytical lens for understanding subjective experiences, and rescaling, which students used in making sense of their experiences. We argue that international students made sense of their everyday lives during the pandemic through scales and rescaling, contributing to their sense of belonging and sense of (in)equality.
“She just makes it easier…” The impact of having a dedicated nursing role in supporting people with intellectual disability when accessing acute hospitals, from the perspective of their support staff, the Irish context
Authors: Ní Riain Muireann , Wickham Sheelagh
Published: July 2023

Learning Disability Liaison Nurses have been shown to improve hospital experiences and this is an emerging role in Ireland. This research qualitatively explored the impact of a Clinical Nurse Specialist Acute Hospital Liaison from the perspective of staff in an intellectual disability community organisation. Participants identified significant challenges with supporting people attending hospitals including accessing and understanding information, anxieties and not being prepared for transitions through the hospital. The findings demonstrate the introduction of this role is a supportive, positive step with reports of improved information sharing, feeling better prepared and alleviating anxieties related to supporting someone in hospital. The findings clearly identify that this role has considerable benefits when set in a community organisation. This role has had a positive impact on service users and staff when interacting with hospitals, providing evidence of the value of this role in Ireland and also of they having a specialist qualification in the role.
Predilection of Patellofemoral Cartilage Lesions in Patients with Posterior Medial Meniscal Root Lesions
Authors: Loyst Rachel A. , Palhares Guilherme , Hinkley Paige , Rizy Morgan , Burge Alissa J. , Gomoll Andreas H. , Strickland Sabrina M.
Published: July 2023

Objective

The present study aims to compare the presence and severity of patellofemoral osteoarthritis between patients with root lesions and non-root lesions.

Design

A total of 102 patients were included in this study (51 root lesions and 51 non-root lesions). The root lesion cohort was matched to a non-root lesion cohort based on sex, body mass index, and age at the time of surgery. Radiographic evaluation with modified Outerbridge scoring of MRI of the knee was performed to determine the severity of degeneration of the knee joint preoperatively. Mann-Whitney and Independent t tests were used to compare the groups.

Results

The root lesion group had statistically greater Outerbridge patella scores (M = 2.45 ± 1.12) and trochlear scores (M = 2.27 ± 1.37) than the non-root lesion patients (M = 1.78 ± 1.30, P = 0.006, and M = 1.55 ± 1.40, P = 0.010, respectively). When using a new scale for grading patellofemoral arthritis, the root lesion group had statistically greater scores (M = 8.33 ± 3.38) than the non-root lesion patients (M = 5.67 ± 3.07) ( P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Patients with root lesions have a greater degree of patellofemoral cartilage lesions than patients without root lesions. The presence of cartilage lesions preoperatively in root lesion patients has presented the question of whether repair is worthwhile or if one should delay surgery until arthroplasty is indicated. Future research should be carried out on outcomes of root repair surgery in patients with patellofemoral cartilage lesions, in addition to considering the patient’s age, activity level, and other risk factors.
A Deep Dive Into Retroesophageal Major Aortopulmonary Collateral Arteries
Authors: Mainwaring Richard D. , Felmly L. Mac , Hanley Frank L.
Published: July 2023

Background: The anatomy of major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs) can be highly variable with regard to number, anatomic origin, course, and relationship to the native pulmonary arteries. Some MAPCAs travel behind the esophagus (retroesophageal) and bronchus before entering the lung parenchyma. The purpose of this paper was to review the anatomy, physiology, and surgical characteristics of retroesophageal MAPCAs. Methods: This manuscript summarizes the data from a series of three papers that have focused on the subject of retroesophageal MAPCAs from our institution over the past ten years. Results: Two-thirds of patients evaluated had a retroesophageal MAPCA identified at surgery. Retroesophageal major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (REMs) were more common with a left arch (77%) compared with a right arch (53%). Of all REMs evaluated, 83% were single supply, 13% were dual supply with an inadequate connection, and 4% were dual supply with an adequate connection. Based on these findings, 96% of retroesophageal MAPCAs were unifocalized. Follow-up catheterization was performed at a median of 17 months after surgery; 75% of unifocalized MAPCAs were widely patent, 20% were patent but stenotic, and 5% were occluded. Conclusions: The data demonstrate that retroesophageal MAPCAs are relatively common and almost always require unifocalization. At mid-term follow-up, 95% of unifocalized MAPCAs were found to be patent.
Can C7 Slope Accurately Substitute for an Invisible T1 Slope According to Age and Cervical Morphology in Cervical Lateral Radiographs?
Authors: Wang Zheng , Hu Xinli , Wang Wei , Cui Peng , Zhu Weiguo , Liu Xu , Kong Chao , Chen Xiaolong , Lu Shibao
Published: July 2023

Study Design

A retrospective radiologic study.

Objectives

To identify age-associated changes in T1 slope (T1S) and C7 slope (C7S), as well as the difference between T1S and C7S (△, which was defined as T1S minus C7S) and to explore the cervical morphology that C7S can be the most accurate alternative for the invisible T1S.

Methods

625 asymptomatic Chinese volunteers received cervical lateral radiographs from August 2021 to May 2022. Occipito-C2 angle (O-C2), C2-7 angle (C2-7), cranial arch, caudal arch, C7S, and T1S were examined. Thereafter, the △ was established. The correlations among T1S, C7S, △ and other cervical sagittal parameters, and between age and other cervical sagittal parameters were evaluated with the Pearson correlation coefficient analysis. Then, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to compare variations in cervical sagittal parameters among volunteers aged 40 to 59 years, 60 to 64 years, 65 to 69 years, 70 to 74 years, and ≥75 years of age, and among volunteers with 1 lordotic morphology, 2 lordotic morphology, straight morphology, kyphotic morphology, 1 sigmoid morphology, and 2 sigmoid morphology. Linear regression modeling of the correlation between C7S and T1S in various cervical alignment patterns was then established.

Results

△ had the strongest correlation with caudal arch ( r = .646), and weakest correlation with cranial arch ( r = -.082). Age was significantly correlated with T1S ( r = .250), C7S ( r = .244), and △ ( r = .112). Among them, △ was stable until 74 years after which it showed an elevation from 3.3° in the group 70-74 years to 4.1° in the group over 75 years. Moreover, there was marked variation between T1S and C7S at 1 lordotic, 2 lordotic, straight and 2 sigmoid alignment patterns, but no difference was seen between T1S and C7S at kyphotic and 1 sigmoid alignment patterns.

Conclusions

There was a progressive increase in T1S, C7S, and △ with age. Linear regression equations for accurate prediction of T1S were developed based on the C7S in 1 lordotic, 2 lordotic, straight and 2 sigmoid alignment patterns. C7S may be a reliable proxy for T1S in kyphotic and 1 sigmoid alignment patterns.
A Model for Accelerating Access to Care and Treatment for Children and Adolescents Living with HIV in Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia: The Faith-Based Action for Scaling-Up Testing and Treatment for the Epidemic Response (FASTER) Initiative
Authors: Oliver Daniel , Mabirizi David , Hast Marisa , Alwano Mary Grace , Chungu Chalilwe , Kelemani Alphonce , Mbanefo Chizoba , Gross Jessica , Parris KaeAnne , Dowling Stephanie , Clark Adele , Williams Amanda , Simao Lauren , Amole Carolyn , Suggu Kanchana , Kama Jibrin , Mpasela Felton , Mtui Leah , Nabitaka Vennie , Saunders Renée , Williamson Dhelia , Rivadeneira Emilia D , Hrapcak Susan , Nantume Sophie , Nazziwa Esther , Itoh Megumi , Machage Edward , Onyenuobi Chibuzor , Munthali Gloria , Rwebembera Anath , Mwiya Mwiya , Katureebe Cordelia , Ikpeazu Akudo , Fenn Thomas
Published: July 2023

The number of children newly infected with HIV dropped by 50%, from 320 000 in 2010 to 160 000 in 2021. Despite progress, ongoing gaps persist in diagnosis, continuity of care, and treatment optimization. In response, the United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief created the Faith-based Action for Scaling-Up Testing and Treatment for Epidemic Response (FASTER). Faith-based Action for Scaling-Up Testing and Treatment for Epidemic Response addressed gaps in countries with the highest unmet need by working with government to operationalize innovative interventions and ensure alignment with national priorities and with communities living with HIV to ensure the change was community-led. Between 2019 and 2021, FASTER's interventions were incorporated into national policies, absorbed by Ministries of Health, and taken up in subsequent awards and country operating plans. Continued effort is needed to sustain gains made during the FASTER initiative and to continue scaling evidence-based interventions to ensure that children and adolescents are not left behind in the global HIV response.
Nonoperative Treatment for Traumatic Partial Graft Rupture After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A 2-Year Follow-up Study
Authors: Yoon Kyung Ho , Park Cheol Hee , Lee Hee Sung , Hwang Sung Hyun
Published: July 2023

Background:

There are no studies on the nonoperative treatment of traumatic partial anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft rupture.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes and failure rates between nonoperative treatment and revision ACL reconstruction for traumatic partial ACL graft rupture. We hypothesized that the outcomes and failure rates would be comparable and that nonoperative treatment of traumatic partial ACL graft rupture can produce satisfactory outcomes.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

We retrospectively evaluated 2114 patients treated for isolated ACL rupture between January 2000 and June 2020. Patients with traumatic partial graft rupture after ACL reconstruction with minimum 2-year follow-up data were included. Patients who met all the following conditions were candidates for nonoperative treatment: (1) Lachman or pivot-shift grade 0 or 1 at 6 months after ACL reconstruction, (2) ACL graft with low to intermediate signal intensity on 1-year postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and (3) MRI after reinjury showing definite evidence of trauma, some fibers remaining in continuity of the ACL graft, and no anterior tibial subluxation in the sagittal plane. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to treatment method: nonoperative treatment (group A) and revision ACL reconstruction (group B). Clinical scores, laxity test results, radiological outcomes, and graft failures were compared between the groups.

Results:

In total, 47 patients had traumatic partial graft rupture (group A, n = 10; group B, n = 37). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of clinical scores, laxity tests, radiological outcomes, or graft failure.

Conclusion:

The clinical and radiological outcomes of nonoperative treatment of traumatic partial graft rupture after ACL reconstruction were comparable with those of revision ACL reconstruction. Nonoperative treatment of traumatic partial ACL graft rupture can produce satisfactory outcomes in selected patients.
Differences in the Medical Advisability of Online Pitching Recommendations for Youth Softball Players Based on Website Source
Authors: Painter David F. , Byrne Rory A. , Dove James H. , Lin Yang , Owens Brett D.
Published: July 2023

Background:

Guidelines regarding injury prevention in fast-pitch softball pitchers have yet to be widely adopted, risking the online dissemination of misleading advice.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to assess the source and medical advisability of online pitching recommendations for youth softball players and highlight the risk of misinformation. It was hypothesized that many popular websites would contain content discordant with current medical guidelines regarding windmill softball pitching recommendations.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Methods:

A Google search using the phrase “youth softball pitching recommendations” was performed. Up to 100 websites were extracted and analyzed for website source type (commercial, medical/educational, or athletic organization) and informational quality (advisable, neutral, or discordant). The latter was determined with respect to the STOP Sports Injuries guidelines for arm injury prevention in youth softball players. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to assess potential associations between website source type and the informational quality of content therein.

Results:

A total of 86 websites were included in the analysis. Website source type was significantly predictive of informational quality ( P = .018). Among the 3 source types, medical/educational websites had the highest proportion classified as advisable (12/24 [50.0%]) and the lowest proportion classified as discordant (3/24 [12.5%]). Only 17.6% (6/34) of commercial websites were advisable, and advisable websites as a whole were more likely to be from medical/educational sources than athletic organization ( P = .016) or commercial ( P = .026) sources. The advisability rate among all websites was 25.6% (22/86). Although there was a significant association between position in the search results (first 10 vs remaining 76) and website source type ( P = .006), there was no association between position and informational quality ( P = .116). The first 10 websites, which trended toward greater advisability than the remaining 76 websites ( P = .060), were more likely than the remaining websites to be medical/educational sources ( P = .002).

Conclusion:

Website source type was significantly predictive of medical advisability. Medical/educational websites were the most advisable, while commercial and athletic organization websites were especially poor in their advisability. The overall advisability rate was only 25.6%. When making recommendations to patients, sports medicine providers should highlight the prevalence of discordant online softball pitching guidelines and take the opportunity to share medically advisable resources.
A 2-Year-Old Child with Alazami Syndrome with Newly Reported Findings of Immune Deficiency, Periventricular Nodular Heterotopia, and Stroke; Broadening the Phenotype of Alazami
Authors: Fauntleroy-Love Kristin D. , Wilson Theodore E. , Padem Nurcicek , Golomb Meredith R.
Published: July 2023

Alazami syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder due to loss-of-function variants in the La ribonucleoprotein 7 (LARP7) gene. Children with Alazami syndrome are most often affected by a combination of primordial dwarfism, intellectual disability, and distinctive facial features. Previous cases have been primarily found in consanguineous families from the Middle East, Asia, and North Africa. We present a 21-month-old Caucasian male from the Midwest United States with nonconsanguineous parents who presented with frequently reported findings of unusual facial features, poor growth, cardiac and genitourinary findings, and developmental delay; less-frequently reported findings, including transient erythroblastopenia of childhood (TEC) and immune deficiency; and never-before reported findings of periventricular nodular heterotopia and stroke. He developed stroke during a hospitalization for Hemophilus influenzae meningitis. The possible contributions of LARP7 to TEC, immune deficiency, brain malformation, and stroke are discussed. Guidelines for the care of Alazami patients are proposed.
Modeling Social Network Influences on Oral Health Outcomes among Women Living in Public Housing
Authors: Heaton B. , Bond J.C. , Bae J. , Pullen E.
Published: July 2023

Objective:

Research into the influence and role of social networks on oral health outcomes has been limited. This study aims to demonstrate via explanatory modeling the influence of social networks on oral health outcomes among women in who live in public housing in Boston, Massachusetts.

Methods:

Individual- and network-level data were obtained from a cross-sectional survey of adult female residents of 2 public housing developments in Boston, Massachusetts. Participants responded to close-ended questions about sociodemographic characteristics, oral and general health status, and health-related behaviors for themselves as well as their named social contacts. Based on this information, network-level variables were calculated for each participant, including the proportion of the social network with certain characteristics or attributes. To assess the salience of network measures in explaining the variability in self-reported oral health status, overall health status, use of dental services within the last year, and current dental treatment needs, logistic regression models with individual-level covariates were compared with corresponding models that additionally included network-level variables with McFadden R2 for comparison purposes.

Results:

Model comparisons for each outcome of interest demonstrated that adding network-level covariates significantly improved model fit. Additionally, network-level covariates displayed strong independent associations with the outcomes of interest. The network proportion needing dental treatment was positively associated with participants’ odds of reporting current dental treatment needs (odds ratio, 4.71; 95% CI, 1.47 to 15.05). An individual’s odds of reporting no dental visit within the past year decreased with increasing exposure to social contacts with reported dental visits within the past year (odds ratio, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.89).

Conclusion:

The salience of specific network attributes depended on the outcome under study. Interventions aimed at reducing the poor oral health burden in this and similar population groups may benefit from integrating information on social networks, including tailoring intervention delivery and/or messaging to account for the potential influence of social networks.

Knowledge Transfer Statement:

This work may be beneficial to those developing policy solutions and interventions aimed at reducing the burden of poor oral health outcomes in socioeconomically disadvantaged populations, such as women who reside in public housing developments. The potential for leveraging social networks to seed messaging about oral health, for example, may enhance efforts to reduce oral health disparities.
Book review: Rahul Ranjan, Political Life of Memory: Birsa Munda in Contemporary India
Authors: Ranjan Supriy , Bhagyanagar Vipanchika Sahasri
Published: July 2023

Rahul Ranjan, Political Life of Memory: Birsa Munda in Contemporary India (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022), 296 pp., ₹1,295, ISBN: 9781009337908 (Hardbound).
Risk factors for diabetic ketoacidosis in acute pancreatitis patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Li Lin , Li Linzhen
Published: July 2023

Background and purpose

In cinical, some acute pancreatitis patients with diabetes may have diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). However, the risk factors for DKA in these patients remain unclear. The purpose of this study is to analyze the risk factors for DKA in acute pancreatitis patients with type 2 diabetes.

Patients and methods

Twenty-five patients were included in this prospective single-centre study to analyze the incidence and risk factors for DKA in acute pancreatitis patients with type 2 diabetes.

Results

Seven of the twenty-five patients (28%) developed DKA within 48 h of admission. According to whether they had DKA, the twenty-five AP patients were divided into DKA group and non-DKA group. There were significant differences in age (P = 0.014), BMI (P = 0.034), poor previous blood glucose control (P < 0.001) and uric acid concentration (P = 0.041), but no statistically significant differences in sex (P = 0.597), number of drinkers (P = 0.407), number of smokers (P = 1.000), triglyceride level (P = 0.389) and total cholesterol concentration (P = 0.534) between the two groups. In both groups, 1 patients had severe pancreatitis, and the difference was no statistically significant (P = 0.490).

Conclusions

The incidence of DKA in AP patients with diabetes is high. Age, BMI, worse glycemic control and uric acid concentration may be predictors of DKA in AP patients with diabetes.
The new normal for children’s physical activity and screen viewing: a multi-perspective qualitative analysis of behaviours a year after the COVID-19 lockdowns in the UK
Authors: Walker Robert , House Danielle , Salway Ruth , Emm-Collison Lydia , Hollander Lara E. , Sansum Kate , Breheny Katie , Churchward Sarah , Williams Joanna G. , de Vocht Frank , Hollingworth William , Foster Charlie , Jago Russell
Published: July 2023

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted children’s physical activity. Recent evidence indicated children’s accelerometer-measured physical activity levels have, on average, returned to near pre-pandemic levels in 2022, though sedentary behaviour remains higher. However, insufficient physical activity levels among children continues to be a critical public health issue in the UK, with only 41% meeting physical activity guidelines. This study aimed to provide in-depth analysis of how the pandemic has shaped children’s physical activity patterns beyond the short-term periods following lockdowns and identify the new challenges to engaging children in physical activity.

Methods

One-to-one interviews with parents (n = 22), school staff (n = 9), and six focus groups with children aged 10–11 years (n = 45) were conducted between February and July 2022. Topics explored changes to children’s physical activity and sedentary behaviour patterns, including screen-viewing, and factors influencing any changes. The framework method was used for analysis.

Results

Five themes were generated. Theme 1 described residual lockdown habits, including increased screen-viewing within the home, while activities outside the home continued to feel less spontaneous. Theme 2 highlighted an interrupted development of social, emotional, and physical skills among children compared to what would be expected pre-pandemic. This coincided with Theme 3 which reflected increased mental health challenges among families, creating complex barriers to children’s physical activity. A new normal for child physical activity was evoked and explored in Theme 4, with greater dependence on structured and organised activities. However, Theme 5 highlighted that girls and children with lower socio-economic position may be especially at risk of decreased physical activity.

Conclusions

There is a new normal for children’s physical activity that is characterised by increased dependence on structured and organised physical activities, such as active clubs, and less on unstructured and spontaneous physical activities, such as physical play. While this may suit many children, girls and children from lower socio-economic households face barriers to participating in the new normal. It is important that affordable and equitable opportunities are provided to all children to prevent physical activity and health inequalities.
Decision-making on colorectal cancer screening in Curaçao - interviews with the target population
Authors: Blake Shacara N. , Hugtenburg Jacqueline G. , van der Vlugt Manon , Dekker Evelien , Fransen Mirjam P.
Published: July 2023

Background

During the first year of the population based colorectal cancer (CRC) screening program on Curaçao, about 20% of invitees participated. This study explored the target population’s perceptions and awareness on CRC (screening), beliefs on the program provision, their preferences and information needs for informed decision-making.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews with 23 individuals, who were not yet invited for CRC screening, were recorded, transcribed, coded and analyzed.

Results

CRC (screening) was discussed in the context of personal health, where own responsibility and food were important. Cancer was perceived as an unpredictable disease that causes suffering and leads to death and was also associated with fear. Despite being aware of the program, most respondents were not familiar with the screening procedure. Provision of the screening program was regarded positively and as an opportunity to contribute to health improvement. This seemed related to the expressed trust in the Caribbean Prevention Center (program organizer). Respondents preferred to make independent decisions about CRC screening participation. A personal approach, visual aids and media were the preferred sources of information.

Conclusion

The results of our interviews suggest that it may be beneficial to provide information on CRC screening in Curaçao within the context of personal health. While including sensitivity to fears and respect for the autonomy of the target population. Finally, electronic media maybe useful in supporting informed decision-making.
Post COVID-19 condition and health-related quality of life: a longitudinal cohort study in the Belgian adult population
Authors: Smith Pierre , De Pauw Robby , Van Cauteren Dieter , Demarest Stefaan , Drieskens Sabine , Cornelissen Laura , Devleesschauwer Brecht , De Ridder Karin , Charafeddine Rana
Published: July 2023

Background

Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, most research has focused on the acute phase of COVID-19, yet some people experience symptoms beyond, referred to as post COVID-19 conditions (PCC). However, evidence on PCC and its impacts on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is still scarce. This study aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 and PCC on HRQoL.

Methods

This is a longitudinal cohort study of the Belgian adult population with recent SARS-CoV-2 infection. In total, 5,727 people were followed up between the time of their infection and three months later. HRQoL was measured with the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire before and during the infection and three months later. Linear mixed regression models were built to assess the longitudinal association between participants’ characteristics and the evolution of their HRQoL.

Results

This study found a significant decline in HRQoL during the SARS-CoV-2 infection in comparison to the situation before (β=-9.91, 95%CI=-10.13;-9.85), but no clinically important difference three months after the infection compared to the situation before, except among people reporting PCC (β=-11.15, 95%CI=-11.72;-10.51). The main symptoms of PCC with a significant negative impact on the different dimensions of HRQoL were fatigue/exhaustion (21%), headache (11%), memory problems (10%), shortness of breath (9%), and joint (7%) or muscle pain (6%). The dimension of HRQoL most negatively affected by several PCC symptoms was pain/discomfort.

Conclusions

With the growing number of people infected with SARS-CoV-2, PCC and its impact on HRQoL are becoming important public health issues. To allow people with PCC to recover and to limit its detrimental impact on HRQoL, it is essential to manage its various heterogeneous symptoms using a multidisciplinary approach.
Comparing the health of refugee and asylee patients with that of non-refugee immigrant and US-born patients in a large Urban clinic
Authors: Raphael Eva , Barton Michelle , Jaradeh Katrin , Dieterich Cristy , Hamad Rita
Published: July 2023

Objectives

To compare disease burden in refugee/asylee, non-refugee immigrant, and US-born patients in the largest safety net clinic in San Francisco, California.

Methods

This is a retrospective chart review including 343 refugee/asylee, 450 immigrant, and 202 US-born patients in a San Francisco clinic from January 2014 to December 2017. Using electronic medical records, we compared prevalence of several diseases by immigration status. Using Poisson regression models with robust variance, we assessed association of diseases with immigration status, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics.

Results

Diagnoses of non-communicable chronic diseases were less common in refugees/asylees, who had a greater risk of being diagnosed with mental health conditions. In Poisson regression models adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, compared with refugees/asylees, US-born patients were more likely to have hypertension (IRR[CI] = 1.8 [1.0, 3.7]) and less likely to have depression (IRR[CI] = 0.5 [0.3, 0.8]). US-born (IRR[CI] = 0.06 [0.01, 0.2]) and immigrant patients (IRR[CI] = 0.1 [0.06, 0.2]) were less likely to have post-traumatic stress disorder.

Conclusions

We uncover differences in burden of non-communicable chronic diseases and mental health by immigration status. These results highlight the importance of clinical screenings and research on disease burden in refugees.
The effectiveness of the Dutch Meaningful Roles program in children: a study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled study
Authors: van Loon Amanda W. G. , Kaufman Tessa M. L.
Published: July 2023

Background

A positive, prosocial classroom climate is associated with improved social competence and academic achievement, as well as with decreased internalizing problems and antisocial behavior in children. It is expected that motivation to behave prosocially is needed to achieve a prosocial climate in the classroom, and that such motivation can be enhanced through three components of self-determination theory (SDT): competence, relatedness, and autonomy. The goal of this protocol is to describe the design of a study aiming to evaluate the effectiveness of a classroom-based program based on SDT components promoting a prosocial classroom climate.

Methods

A cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) will be conducted to examine the effectiveness of the classroom-based program Meaningful Roles, aiming to improve prosocial classroom climate through increasing children’s intrinsic prosocial motivation, stimulated by increasing social autonomy, social competence, and social relatedness. A multi-informant (i.e., children, teachers, and school leaders) and multi-method (i.e., questionnaires and focus groups) approach will be used to assess primary outcomes (i.e., prosocial behavior, intrinsic (prosocial) motivation, social autonomy, social competence, and social relatedness) and secondary outcomes (i.e., school wellbeing, social position, bullying, victimization, and civic skills), as well as moderators (i.e., working elements, child, teacher, school, and program characteristics, and program integrity).

Discussion

The current study will provide information on the effectiveness of a classroom-based program promoting a prosocial classroom climate. It is of crucial importance that the school environment can provide a positive, prosocial classroom climate in which children feel safe and can achieve optimal social and academic competence and wellbeing.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials (NCT05891067).
Estimated projection of incidence and mortality of alcohol-related liver disease in China from 2022 to 2040: a modeling study
Authors: Wu Meiyu , Qin Shuxia , Tan Chongqing , Li Sini , Xie Ouyang , Wan Xiaomin
Published: July 2023

Background

China has one of the highest numbers of liver disease cases in the world, including 6.4 million cirrhosis associated with alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) cases. However, there is still a lack of urgent awareness about the growth of alcohol consumption and the increased burden of ALD in China. Therefore, we aimed to project the potential impact of changes in alcohol consumption on the burden of ALD in China up to 2040 under different scenarios.

Methods

We developed a Markov model to simulate the natural history of ALD until 2040 in China. We estimated the incidence and mortality of alcohol-related cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma between 2022 and 2040 under four projected scenarios: status quo scenario and scenarios with a 2%, 4%, and 8% annual decrease in excessive alcohol consumption, respectively.

Results

Under the status quo scenario, the cumulative new cases of cirrhosis from 2022 to 2040 was projected to be 3.61 million (95% UI 3.03–4.44 million), resulting in a cumulative 1.96 million (1.66–2.32 million) deaths from alcohol-related cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, a 2% annual reduction in excessive alcohol consumption was expected to avert 0.3 million deaths associated with ALD, and a 4% annual reduction was projected to prevent about 1.36 million new cases of cirrhosis and prevent 0.5 million ALD-related deaths. Moreover, an 8% annual reduction would prevent about 2 million new cases of cirrhosis and 0.82 million deaths.

Conclusions

Without any substantial change in alcohol attitudes and policies to regulate excessive drinking, the disease burden of ALD in China will increase enormously. Strengthening the implementation of alcohol restriction interventions is critical and urgent to reduce the impact of ALD on the Chinese population.
Diagnostic value and immune infiltration characterization of YTHDF2 as a critical m6A regulator in osteoarthritic synovitis
Authors: Bian Ashuai , Wang Changming , Zhang Haotian , Yan Yiqun , Zhang Linlin , Cheng Wendan
Published: July 2023

Background

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a universal RNA modification pattern regulated by multiple m6A regulators. In osteoarthritis (OA), m6A regulators influence disease progression by regulating cartilage degradation. However, the function of m6A regulators in synovial tissue remains unclear. In this work, we investigated the biological significance of m6A regulators in osteoarthritic synovitis.

Methods

Datasets were acquired from Gene Expression Omnibus. Differential analysis of merged data identified the differentially expressed m6A regulators. Machine learning models were used to evaluate genetic importance. To predict disease risk, a nomogram was constructed based on above m6A regulators. Cluster analysis divided the OA sample into different subgroups. Immune infiltration revealed the immune m6A regulators, which were validated using clinical samples. Eventually, a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was constructed.

Results

We acquired five differentially expressed m6A regulators and a random forest model. The nomogram accurately predicted disease risk. We identified 122 differentially expressed genes between two m6A subgroups. The analysis of immune infiltration showed that YTHDF2 was an immune-related m6A regulator closely related with macrophages. In clinical samples, the protein and mRNA contents of YTHDF2 were consistent with the results of bioinformatic analysis. The ceRNA network based on YTHDF2 revealed 75 lncRNA nodes and 19 miRNA nodes.

Conclusion

YTHDF2 has a high diagnostic value in the synovitis of OA and significantly influences the immune status of patients. Hence, YTHDF2, a critical m6A regulator, may provide a biomarker for diagnosis and immune therapy of osteoarthritic synovitis.