bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A review of geodetic and remote sensing methods used for detecting surface displacements caused by mining
Authors: Owczarz Karolina
Published: December 2020

The paper describes the main development trends of methods for determining surface displacements (deformations) resulting from the phenomenon of induced seismicity by mining operations. Due to the unpredictable and sudden nature of induced seismicity, it is difficult to make measurements of displacements by traditional geodetic methods. In order to determine the methods used to determine surface displacements, an extensive review of current scientific literature was carried out. The scope of the analysis included methods for measuring deformations in mining areas during and after mining. Based on the review of over a dozen research papers, geodetic and remote sensing methods are presented, which are used to determine surface displacements at a lower or higher intensity. The analysis of the methods concerned in particular: leveling, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), satellite radar interferometry, airborne LiDAR and aerial photogrammetry. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the satellite radar interferometry is presently the predominant displacement detection technique.
Sedimentary Record for Past Century Found in Clayey-Silty Sediments from the Gulf of Gdansk (Southern Baltic Sea)
Authors: Szymczak Ewa
Published: December 2020

Lithological research was conducted on three marine sediment cores ranging in length from 21 to 29 cm that had been collected in the Gulf of Gdansk at depths of 55, 70 and 98 m, which are characterized by the deposits of clayey-silty sediments. The cores were sampled every centimetre, while the corresponding sediment granulometry was established by sieve analysis. The granulometric sediment types and their grain sizes were described by using Shepard’s diagram (1954) and Folk and Ward parameters (1957), respectively. The obtained parameters were analyzed in relation to the age of sediment layers and sedimentation rates that was estimated by using two methods of recent sediment dating: the Pb-210 and the Cs-137 method. The results allowed the reconstruction of conditions under which the marine sediments were deposited during the past century. The analyzed cores contained sandy silt, silty sand, silt, clayey silt, silty clay and the mixed sand-silt-clay sediments. For all cores, the grain sizes with the diameters above 4.5 phi dominated. The mean grain diameters varied the most in the sediment core sampled from the area influenced by the spreading inflowing waters of the Vistula River (70 m). The correlation was found between the time-dependent grain size and increased loading of terrigenous material originating from the Vistula River flood waters. In addition, the highest dynamics of sedimentation processes were also noted in this case. The sediment types identified in all the analyzed cores were poorly sorted, and even very poorly sorted at times. The lowest variation of this parameter was observed in the core collected at the lowest depth (98 m). The sediments found in the cores had settled out from homogenous pelagic suspensions. With increasing depth, a noticeable increase in the share of pelagic suspension in the sediment cores was observed. Despite the fact that the analyzed core sediments belong to the same lithological types, they accumulated at different rates (from 1.6 to 2.8 mm/yr) and are characterized by varied compaction levels. This finding is based on the variation analysis of the sediment maximum age, which has been performed on the cores of the same length (from 70 and 98 m depths), as well as on the similar maximum age of the cores differing in length (collected at 56 and 70 m). Similar sedimentation conditions and sedimentation rates were observed at sampling stations located at 55 and 70 m depths. Moreover, increased sedimentation rates were noted in the material from recent decades. The deepest area of the sedimentary basin in the Gulf of Gdansk (98 m depth) is characterized by the least dynamic sedimentary processes.
Native Iron Nodules in Basites - Xenoliths of the Earth Core
Authors: Shkodzinskiy Vladimir
Published: December 2020

Summary of the published data has shown that native iron nodules, which are rarely found in the basic intrusions, are characterized by a higher content of low-temperature condensates of the protoplanetary disk (Ge, Ag, Cu) and a lower content of high-temperature condensates (Os, Ir, Ru, Pt, Rh, Pd, Ni, Co, Au) compared to iron meteorites. Such meteorites have signs of formation from the fragments of the cores of minor planets. This fact and obtained evidence of hot heterogeneous accretion of the Earth, the early formation of the Earth’s core compared to the mantle and the growth of the primary content of low-temperaGture condensates from the inner parts of the core to the outside suggest the capture and the ascent of substance of outer core by mantle plumes, and basic magmas formed in them. This explains the peculiarities of their composition, their very rare presence in basites, and sometimes a huge mass of nodules (up to tens of tons). In case of such xenogenic origin, nodules of native iron are chemically unequilibrium with basites. This is the reason of the development of reaction cohenite-magnetite and cohenite-sulfide rims on their contact and an increase of ferruginosity of olivine in basites. The formation of the lower mantle material from the earliest high-temperature condensates of the protoplanetary disk explains the decreased content of potassium, sodium, water, and other lithophile components in the nodule-containing basites. The content of volatile components lowers the crystallization temperature of melts. Therefore, the loss of them under the influence of decompression at the low-depth stages of ascent led to rapid solidification of magmas, protected the iron nodules from subsidence, and explains their location mainly in the upper parts of the main intrusions, despite the high density of iron.
Where is There Chance to Find Deep Prospects Below the Outer Western Carpathian Thrust Belt?
Authors: Pospíšil Lubomil , Bartonek Dalibor , Cernota Pavel
Published: December 2020

In the period of 80 and 90th, the intensive deep drilling and seismic profiling program in the Outer Western Carpathian belt has been realized for confirming the idea about the existence and opening of new promising plays beneath some of these thin-skinned belts. Many trans-Carpathian 2D seismic transects opened discussion on the understanding of the complex structure of thrust belts and its basement. The recent development of exploration, based on the new modern play concepts, has brought new light on this problem. The new 3D and the reprocessed 2D seismic sections from Czech and Slovak part of the Western Carpathian Flysch Belt disclosed several potentially new prospects, combined with the cover of the foreland of European plate. New significant reserves of hydrocarbons may occur in subthrust autochthonous and parautochthonous series buried below the frontal zones of thin-skinned thrust belts. The study of the deepest parts of the Carpathian Flysch belt has been based on the complex geochemical, structural analyses and geophysical Data reprocessing, supplied by verification along the chosen balanced sections. Four examples of 2D seismic transects, with registration up to 9-12 seconds, that present different tectonic style of structures of Flysch Belt and its platform basement, influenced by older large-scale faults, is presented from the western, northern and eastern parts of the Outer Western Carpathians. From point of view of hydrocarbon prospection, the most important features of the seismic profiles are the anticline structures of the North European Platform (NEP) below the thrust stack of the Flysch Belt. From the west to east the Týnec-Cunín, Drietoma, Orava and Zbudza elevations can be distinguished, created by a passive margin of the European plate, in the second and third structures probably by parautochthonous blocks of the same plate.
Investigation of Grain Size Distribution of Conveyed Copper Ore for Modelling Ore Flow through a Bunker
Authors: Bardziński Piotr J. , Doroszuk Błażej , Kawalec Witold , Król Robert
Published: December 2020

Knowledge of the particle size distribution of mined ore enables improvement of the main processes of the whole mining value chain: blasting, ore loading and haulage and ore processing. Photogrammetry with image analysis techniques was proposed for the on-line identification of grain size distribution of conveyed ore. Preliminary laboratory tests were performed on the experimental belt conveyor to evaluate the quality of photographs for various camera settings. Grain size distribution of transported copper ore was determined on the basis of photographs taken over the main haulage conveyor that feeds mined material to the underground ore bin located at skip-filling station of the winding shaft. Size distribution slope was calculated using the Split Desktop 4.0 software package to estimate the degree of rock fragmentation. Fine fractions (<10 mm) accounted for more than 40% of transported bulk material. Such a large portion of fine fraction may be attributed to the lithology of conveyed material. Individual rock lumps 600 mm or larger constituted a minor part of the total amount of mined ore. The actual ore granulation influences ore flow through the bin, which was simulated using a discrete element method model to obtain information about the ore stream leaving the winding shaft.
The use of thermal technologies for the recovery of value-added products from household solid waste: A brief review
Authors: Abduganiev N , Tursunov O , Kodirov D , Erkinov B , Sabirov E , Kilichov O
Published: December 2020

The amount of household solid waste (HSW) has been significantly increasing due to a rapid population growth and economic development. HSW management is immensely sensitive and complicated problem not only in rapidly developing countries like Uzbekistan but also in developed countries with advanced economies.The accumulated waste has been causing a number of serious environmental problems such as release of the most dangerous greenhouse gases (CO2, N2O, CH4) in the atmosphere which misbalance radiation in a planet’s atmosphere causing a global warming. However, this waste can be friendly in terms of its potential to be used as energy source. HSW into energy conversion technologies has been playing a vital rolein order to successfully address global challenges suchas fossil fuel dependency, emission control and waste management issues.The most promising technology for conversions can be performed using thermochemical processes (e.g., pyrolysis or gasification).These thermochemical technologies can be used to convert solid waste into liquid and gaseous fuels, and this has already been studied sufficiently by other researchers. This article recommends a novel concept for intensification of value-added solid and liquid products recovery from HSW using hydrothermal carbonization and plasma treatment.
Innovative methods of developing solar power systems for remote and agricultural facilities in Uzbekistan
Authors: Isakov A , Mirzabaev A , Sitdikov O , Makhkamova M , Kodirov D
Published: December 2020

This paper presents innovative methods and techniques for the development of small solar power systems in Uzbekistan, based on the properties of patterning and prosumerism, adoption of which would increase the efficiency of power supply. It also provides examples and results of their application in solar systems for remote and agricultural power supply developed by MIR SOLAR LLC, as well as the experience of teaching these innovations to students of Uzbek universities (Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers, Tashkent State Technical University, and others).
Study on issues of uninterrupted power supply, energy-saving and improving the quality of electrical energy of water facilities
Authors: Toshpulatov N , Tursunov O , Kodirov D , Maksumkhanova A , Yusupov Z
Published: December 2020

This paper analyses the results of studies of uninterrupted power supply, energy saving issues, problems of improving the quality of electrical energy of irrigation pumping stations and electrical consumers of water facilities. The current state of the power supply system is described, and the analysis of the existing situation is carried out. On the basis of comparison of theoretical calculations and practical measurements of the consumption of electrical energy, discrepancies in the results were determined. A solution was found to the problem of reducing the actual consumption in relation to the calculated ones. Recommendations are given for ensuring uninterrupted power supply, solving the issues of increasing the energy efficiency of the equipment in operation for energy conservation and saving electrical energy by improving quality indicators.
System approach to renewable energy use in power supply
Authors: Kodirov D , Tursunov O , Talipova D , Shadmanova G , Parpieva S , Shafkarov B
Published: December 2020

Based on the analysis of current developments in small hydropower plants, the structural scheme and installation scheme of a dam without hydropower were developed. According to the developed scheme, a small hydroelectric power plant was installed and prepared for testing. During the study, an analysis of 3 magnitudes (V), voltage frequency (Hz) and sinusoidal coefficient (%) that determine the quality indicators of electricity was presented. The obtained results are compared with the value limits given in the international standard normative document.
Criteria for the existence of established modes of power systems
Authors: Davirov A , Tursunov O , Kodirov D , Rakhmankulova B , Khodjimukhamedova Sh , Choriev R , Baratov D , Tursunov A
Published: December 2020

This article considers the criteria for the existence of established modes of power systems. Nonlinear nodal equations of steady-state modes are presented, which have many solutions or do not have any physically realizable solutions. Criteria for the existence of solutions are given based on derivatives of power losses depending on the parameters of the power system modes. Equivalent circuit of the electrical system was performed using the South-Western MEN (MAIN ELECTRIC NETWORKS). The paper highlights the results of calculations of steady-state modes of the electrical system at weighted values of node 12. The maximum normal modes of electrical systems for the power of nodes was determined by the criteria are set

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Δ

P

c

∂

Π

i

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.
Features of streamer form of corona discharge in respect to electric gas purification
Authors: Muzafarov Sh M , Tursunov O , Kodirov D , Togaev B K , Balitskiy V E , Babayev A G , Kilichov O G , Nasibov B R , Allenova I V
Published: December 2020

An article briefly describes advantages of streamer form of corona discharge over corona discharge of direct voltage. With the purpose of confirmation of hypotheses about possibility of stabilization of discharge processes in electric fields of streamer form of corona discharge oscillography voltage and current were done, and volt amperage features at various frequencies of pulse voltage were taken. Impact of parameters of electrodes system «Potential plane with corona needles – grounded plane» to value of discharge current was studied. Outcomes of study of power features and character of change in strength of electric fields of streamer form of corona discharge are presented.
Unsteady vibrations of a three-layer plate with an asymmetric structure
Authors: Khudoynazarov Kh , Khudoyberdiyev Z B
Published: December 2020

This article discusses the problem of symmetric vibrations of a three-layer plate pivotally supported along the edges in the longitudinal direction is solved. The materials of the plate layers are assumed to be elastic and isotropic. It is believed that the plate is not symmetrical in thickness, i.e. different thicknesses of layers. A brief review of scientific papers on theories of calculation of three-layer and multilayer plates is given. The equations of vibration of a three-layer plate, previously developed by the authors, are accepted as resolving equations. The stress and displacement components are expressed, as well as the oscillation equations, through the main parts of the longitudinal and transverse displacements of the points of the “intermediate” plane of the middle layer, which is at some distance from the middle plane of the plate. The conditions of the articulated plumage are formulated with respect to the displacements of the points of the middle layer. The initial conditions are assumed to be zero. The formulated problem is solved by an analytical-numerical method using a software package. The obtained numerical results are presented in the form of graphs of the dependences on time and the longitudinal coordinate of the displacements and voltages of the points, both the middle and the bearing layers of the plate. The calculations were performed for steel materials of the bearing layers, and for the middle layer the physic-mechanical parameters of the polymer material were adopted. The corresponding conclusions are made according to the results of numerical calculations. It was established that slight transverse displacements of the plate points appear due to the action of longitudinal external loads. Moreover, due to the insignificance of these displacements with symmetric vibrations of a three-layer plate, transverse displacements can be neglected. With symmetrical vibrations of the plate, longitudinal normal voltages are also excited despite the fact that the edges of the plate are free of external loads. These voltages are generated by the action of external tangential and normal voltages on the boundary surfaces.
Selection of Optimum Structural System in the Design of Reinforced Concrete High-Rise Building under the Effect of Seismic Load
Authors: Aryan M Z , Singh P , Zabihullah
Published: December 2020

Due to the infrequency of spaces in megacities, it is highly required to construct high rise buildings. In high rise buildings, the effect of seismic lateral forces is significant to be studied. The stiffness of lateral force-resisting elements of the building should be enough to stay safe during an earthquake. Providing the required stiffness by only enlarging the size of columns will cause congestion in space. Shear wall and/or bracing positioned at a lucrative location in frame, contribute to the structure and serve as lateral load resisting systems. Hence, Optimization for the selection of proper structural systems is vital in the structural engineering profession. This study deals to investigate the consequences of the shear wall and RC bracing on the reduction of earthquake lateral forces in the building. Including a moment-resisting frame, nine models of G+14 Storeys RC building with various structural systems and configurations are analysed and compared using Response Spectrum Method, as per IS 1893 (part 1); 2016. The comparison among all the models is carried out based on the storey displacement, base shear, storey drift, fundamental period, storey stiffness, force demand, and modal period. Based on the comparison of all building models with various configuration, it was found that out of all models, the model M-1 (moment-resisting frame) is not desirable, while the model M-5 (shear wall at the corners of the periphery) will have an upmost seismic performance and the model M-8 (bracing at the middle of the periphery) has indicated better execution during an earthquake. Abbreviations: IS, Indian Standard; G+14, Ground plus Fourteen; RC, Reinforced Concrete; M-1, Model-1; M-2, Model-2; M-3, Model-3; M-4, Model-4; M-5, Model-5; M-6, Model-6; M-7, Model-7; M-8, Model-8; M-9, Model-9, DL, Dead Load; LL, Live Load; EQX, Earthquake Static Load in X-direction; EQY, Earthquake Static Load in Y-direction; RSX, Response Spectrum Load in X-direction; RSY, Response Spectrum Load in Y-direction, (X) Modes of Oscillation in X-Direction, (Y) Modes of Oscillation in Y-Direction, (T) Torsion.
Using Ceramic Wastes in Stabilization and Improving Soil Structures: A Review Study
Authors: Iravanian A , Saber S A
Published: December 2020

The goal of this review study is to define the use of ceramic wastes as a raw material in soil structures and the construction of road pavement subgrades. The global output of ceramic waste powder (CWP) produced during the final polishing phase of ceramic tiles exceeds 22 billion tones. The application of (CWP) in landfill sites could create major environmental issues for soil, water and climate. It has been calculated that about 30% of the daily growth in the ceramic industry goes to waste. By trying to reduce this material, we can provide a big benefit of minimizing the use of natural products, decreasing the amount of money used and enhancing land conditions, based on the quantities we can use. Such wastes cannot be processed in any manner and thus create issues with the disposal and loss to the industry. Ceramic waste is strong, durable and resistant to all kind of declining powers, and these properties allow it to be substitute for replacements. Using various quantities of ceramic waste, we will obtain different results and characteristics of soil structures in different California bearing ratios, dry unit weight, unconfined soil density and optimum water content.
Distribution of contact voltages in asymmetric two-roll module
Authors: Khurramov Sh R , Kurbanova F Z
Published: December 2020

Mathematical models of the regularities of the distribution of contact stresses in the generalized two-roll module in the case when the nature of the deformation of the material layer is specified by rheological models are obtained. New data on the regularities of the distribution of contact stresses are revealed: normal contact stresses change from zero at the beginning and at the end of the contact zone of the rolls to a maximum at a point lying to the left of the center line (towards the beginning of the contact of the rolls); the tangential contact stresses change their signs at the neutral point, which in the driven roll is located towards the entrance of the material layer into the contact zone of the rolls, and in the free one - towards the exit; during static interaction of the rolls with the material being processed, the point of maximum normal stresses and the neutral point are located on the center line.
The reservoirs capacity assessment: the Tuyamuyun hydro complex in Khorezm region of Uzbekistan
Authors: Ikramova M , Akhmedkhodjaeva I , Khodjiev A
Published: December 2020

The dynamic processes in water reservoirs depend on its morphological characteristics, i.e. bottom geology and relief, flow depth, intensity of water exchange, water and sediment features etc. The paper presents a capacity assessment of the Channel Reservoir of the Tyuyamuyun Hydro Complex located in Khorezm region of the Republic of Uzbekistan based on GIS tools. The study was aimed at determining of sedimentation dynamics of the Channel Reservoir during over 35 years dam operation and changes in the water storage capacity. The ongoing channel processes lead to regular reformation of the reservoir morphology. The data obtained allow determining the morphology of the reservoir, useful water volume, the capacity loss etc. and solving other issues related to management of water resources. The GIS technologies allows regular monitoring of the changes in capacity, make a prediction of future sedimentation processes, as well identify the stagnant water areas and volumes to be released to downstream for using in agriculture.
Kinematic analysis of tooth-lever differential transmission mechanisms
Authors: Bahadirov G A , Sultanov T Z , Abdukarimov A
Published: December 2020

This paper refers to a problem of application of tooth-lever differential transmission mechanisms in roller technological machines with variable inter-axial distance of working shafts, which are widely used in civil and agricultural engineering. Shortcomings of tooth-lever differential transmission mechanisms, used in roller machines, were shown; they are expressed in discrepancy of kinematic characteristics of these mechanisms to technological requirements of different types of roller machines. An arrangement and a principle of operation of new tooth-lever differential transmission mechanisms, developed by the authors, are briefly considered here. The possibilities of application of offered transmission mechanisms in six principal schemes of roller machines are described. Formulas are drawn to determine kinematic parameters of one of new transmission mechanisms depending on geometric and kinematic parameters of two-roller modulus, processed material and transmission mechanisms itself.
Mathematical modeling parametric vibrations of the pipeline with pulsating fluid flow
Authors: Khudayarov B A , Turaev F Zh
Published: December 2020

A mathematical model of the dynamics of a straight viscoelastic pipe conveying pulsating fluid has been developed in the paper. Using the Bubnov-Galerkin method, a mathematical model of the problem is reduced to solving a system of ordinary integro-differential equations, where time is an independent variable. Solution of integro-differential equations is determined by a numerical method based on the elimination of a singularity in the relaxation kernel of an integral operator. A system of algebraic equations is obtained according to the numerical method for unknowns. To solve the system of algebraic equations, the Gauss method is used. A computational algorithm is developed for solving the problems of the dynamics of viscoelastic pipelines conveying fluid.
Automatic decision-making system for the desalinization of water for irrigation
Authors: Gaziyeva R , Ozodov E , Bozorov E , Nigmatov A
Published: December 2020

The high salinity of water negatively affects soil fertility up to yield loss. In regions with high salinity, unorthodox methods and devices are used to lower the level of mineralization. This article discusses the use of an automatic decision-making system for a device to lower the level of mineralization by diffusion mixing. Construction able to filter water to irrigation rates up to 3 grams per liter and extent the operating period of reverse osmosis. The article provides a detailed description algorithm of a program for automatic control of the water purification process based on the Atmega 328 processor.
Methodology for conducting an optimization experiment for harvesting dry short-stalked grain crops
Authors: Bayzakova J S , Abdildin N K , Shynybay Zh S , Chingenzhinova Zh S , Berdyshev A S , Eshpulatov N M , Matchonov O Q , Yusupov Sh B
Published: December 2020

The article raises the issue of climate warming without loss of harvesting dry short-stalked crops will increase, and requires an urgent technological and technical solution. Research aimed at the development of a device installed in an inclined chamber, providing a reduction in grain losses during harvesting of dry short-stalked grain mass, is relevant and of great economic importance. The aim of the study was to increase the efficiency of harvesting dry short-stalked crops due to the uniform distribution of threshed grain mass supplied to the combine harvester. And the scientific hypothesis of the study was to increase the efficiency of a single-drum combine harvester by threshing dry short-stalked breads, by ensuring a uniform layer of grain mass entering the local government. The results showed that the threshing of grain increases due to the uniform distribution of mass depending on the length of the discrete part of the corrugation. The results of the experiment are obtained.
Study on possibilities of scarring ways to reduce in the cotton cleaning process
Authors: Mukhametshina E T , Jamolov A , Muradov R M
Published: December 2020

This article provides a diagram of the technological process of cotton primary processing plants. It also shows which of the machines installed in the technological process can damage the seed, as well as the operation of the machine and the main working bodies, which separate the fine contaminants in the cotton. It is theoretically based on the fact that cotton ginning machines can reduce the impact force by improving the design of the working bodies. A device that has been proposed allows cotton to be cleaned from fine contaminants using a vibrating mesh surface without affecting its natural properties. In order to improve the technology of cleaning cotton from fine contaminants, an effective scheme of pile drum and mesh surface construction has been developed. With the help of a sloping mesh surface device, the existing impurities in the cotton were reduced by 0.2%. The graph of the formation of various defects in the fiber content as a result of seed damage during cotton cleaning is given.
Environmentally friendly technology for the destruction of tobacco mosaic viruses (TMV) from selected species of plants
Authors: Toshpulatov N , Tursunov O , Kodirov D , Kholmuratova G
Published: December 2020

The article provides information on diseases of plants of melons and gourds of tomato, and cucumber. The analysis was carried out to identify the current state of the problem of infection and morbidity of tomato and cucumber plants with tobacco mosaic viruses (TMV). The positive and negative aspects of existing methods and methods of combating pathogens are described. The structure of the pathogen, the structure of cells in a spiral for the purpose of their destruction and elimination of harmful effects were studied. The description of the use of electric current discharges on the possibility of using TMV for breaking the cell spiral with the aim of destroying them is given.
Productive qualities of Swiss cows depending on the genotype of bulls
Authors: Ashirov M I , Ashirov B M , Bakhriddinov F B , Khaidarov K R
Published: December 2020

This study highlights the use of European breeding bulls in the selection of breeding stock of Swiss cattle in Uzbekistan in order to improve the productive qualities of cows and create highly productive families. In experimental herds, milk yields of mature cows exceed the requirements of the breed standard by 935 - 1219.4 kg, the ancestors of families are 1627 - 1816 kg higher than the requirements of the breed standard, which indicates their high genetic potential.
Study on drip irrigation system as the best solution for irrigated agriculture
Authors: Gulomov S B , Sherov A G
Published: December 2020

This article analyzes the current research on drip irrigation for the efficient use of water resources caused by increasing global warming, examines their various designs, advantages, disadvantages, and low-pressure drops created at the Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Mechanization Engineers. Irrigation method was applied on apple sort of “golden” in the meadow gray soils of the Tashkent region according to the mechanical composition of sandy loam soils. With the use of an apple orchard, water savings and high productivity have been achieved.
Nitrogen fund of the Chyrchik river basin’s dark serozems and its fractive structure
Authors: Bairov A J , Nuriddinova Kh T , Juraev Sh A
Published: December 2020

In this article, the information on the high-grade exposition of the amounts of mineral, easily goulizable, difficult goulizable and non-goulizable compounds of the dark serozems of the Chirchik River Basin of the Tashkent region, as well as changes in the effect of their use in viticulture is presented. These data serve to develop ways of effective and rational management of the Nitrogen Fund of the soils studied.
Justification parameters of mechanized dryer unit
Authors: Umarov G G , Buronov Sh E , Amonov M O
Published: December 2020

This article presents an analysis of the creation of a unit for drying stem agricultural crops and justification of its main parameters, which is aimed at growing large and high-quality products through this process. The purpose of creating such unit and justification of its parameters was that during drying, products were dried unevenly, resulting in some parts of the product were dried more than necessary, and some areas rotted without complete drying. Therefore, the shape of unit for drying products must be such that the product simultaneously dries. Based on theoretical and experimental studies on this criterion, was developed a nomogram, the shape and parameters of the dryer device were theoretically analyzed by using analytical dependencies
Adsorption mechanisms for heavy metal removal using low cost adsorbents: A review
Authors: Ugwu E I , Tursunov O , Kodirov D , Shaker L M , Al-Amiery A A , Yangibaeva I , Shavkarov F
Published: December 2020

A review of adsorption mechanisms for heavy metal removal using low cost adsorpthas been carried out in this article. Some metal ion sequestration techniques used over the years have some demerits, ranging from generation of sludge to high operational cost. Adsorption process using low cost adsorbents has been found cost effective and environmentally nuisance-free. In this review, various low cost adsorbents for heavy metal sequestration have been studied. The application of some adsorption models such as single and multi-component isotherms, adsorption thermodynamics, and kinetics as well as the effect of process parameters on heavy metal sequestration using low cost adsorbents has also been reviewed so as to better understand the adsorption process. From the literature reviewed, the percentage removal of chromium, copper and zinc was favoured by an increase in contact time, temperature, initial concentration, adsorbent dosage as well as a decrease in pH.
Exploration of tillage technologies in the Republic of Uzbekistan
Authors: Umurzakov U , Mamatov F , Aldoshin N , Mirzaev B
Published: December 2020

The aim of the study is to analyze soil cultivation technologies and development trends of tillage machines in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The prospects of using dump and non-dump soil tillage are shown. Existing basic processing technologies are presented. The advantages and disadvantages of traditional technologies and plows for primary tillage are analyzed. The advantages of the new technology of smooth plowing and frontal plows for its implementation are given. The expediency of developing and implementing combined machines that carry out various technological processes in one pass of the unit and special-purpose plows for working in gardens and on slopes based on frontal plows is substantiated. The perspectives of the application of technologies and tools for anti-erosion and land reclamation cultivation, phytomeliorative works based on minimal narrow-band soil cultivation and sowing are shown. Directions of developments in the field of mechanization of tillage in the future are given.
Relief, physico-mechanical and technological properties of soil in the cotton growing area
Authors: Mamatov F , Mirzaev B , Tursunov O , Ochilov S , Chorieva D
Published: December 2020

The aim of the study is to study and analyze the physical, mechanical and technological properties of the soil of the cotton growing zone. The results of determining the relief of cotton fields, physical, mechanical and technological properties of takyr soils and gray soils, and the most common in areas of cotton cultivation are presented. It was found that before plowing, cotton fields have a pronounced uneven relief, characterized by the presence of ridges and irrigation furrows. The average height of the ridges in fields with row spacing of 90 and 60 cm is 17.1 and 12.8 cm, respectively. The physical-mechanical and technological properties of the soil of the arable and sub-arable layer of a cotton field along the track of wheels differ significantly from the soil between rows without a track of wheels and a ridge: the density of the soil along the track of the wheels of light gray soils reaches 1.78 g/cm3, and of takyr soils - 1.51 g/cm3, which is respectively more than the density of the ridge soil by 0.24 and 0.16 g/cm3; the resistance of light gray soils to shear is 1.4 and 1.2 times greater than to rupture and torsion, and takyr soils - 1.33 and 1.15 times, respectively; density, hardness and resistance of the soil to various deformations has a maximum value in layers of 15-25 cm along the track of the tractor wheels.
Movement of discrete materials under the influence of a pulsed electromagnetic field
Authors: Mironov V , Jakushevich V , Usherenko Y
Published: December 2020

The article considers the phenomenon of accelerated movement of small-sized objects in a pulsed electromagnetic field. For experimental studies capacitor-type pulsed current generators were used. The experiments were carried out on metal powders with a size of 50-200 microns and compact metal fragments with a weight of 1-50 g. The influence of mass, electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of the particle material on the process of particle movement was established.
Structure and thermal diffusivity of SiC-NbC ceramics
Authors: Shabanov Sh Sh , Kardashova G D
Published: December 2020

The structure and thermal diffusivity of SiC - NbC ceramic materials are investigated. It is shown that with a change in the composition in sintered ceramics, the lattice parameter changes, and also in the near-contact region there is a mutual diffusion of silicon and niobium. This indicates the formation of solid solutions. As the niobium carbide content and temperature increase, the thermal diffusivity of SiC - NbC ceramic materials decreases.
Mechanical properties of ceramic materials SiC-BeO
Authors: Shabanov Sh Sh , Kardashova G D
Published: December 2020

High-density ceramic based on silicon carbide with the addition of beryllium oxide compositions (1-2)% wt. With a step of 0.2 was obtained. X-ray diffraction studies of SiC-BeO ceramics showed changes in the lattice parameter of SiC “c” with the addition of beryllium oxide, the minimum value of which was observed for a composition of 1.4% wt. BeO. For compositions greater than 1.4% wt. BeO was observed only polytype 6H. The grain size of sintered ceramic materials reached up to 20 microns. The elastic moduli, microhardness, and shear strength for hot-pressed SiC-BeO ceramic materials are determined.
Durability Properties of Demineralized and Torrefied Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Pellets
Authors: Mohamed A R , Ismail R I , Rashid M A N M I R , Sohaimi K S A , Kasim N N , Ahmad R
Published: December 2020

The pelletization of raw and demineralized and torrefied empty fruit bunch (TDEFB) were conducted upon mixing with bio-oil that was obtained from EFB pyrolysis. The ratio of bio-oil addition to raw and TDEFB was varied from 0-20 wt%. Then it was pressed using the single pellet press machine. The effects of the ratio of bio-oil addition to raw and TDEFB and the thickness of pellets were evaluated towards its durability. It was identified that the ratio of bio-oil addition to raw and TDEFB pellet of 5 wt% had produced the optimum durability which was 69.27 and 74.46 % respectively. In terms of the thickness of the raw and torrefied pellets, it was determined that at thickness of 3 cm, the durability was the highest which were 70.12 and 71.12 % for both raw and TDEFB pellets respectively. The raw and TDEFB pellets were analysed using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy in order to evaluate the presence of functional groups within the materials. The presence of O-H hydroxyl group, C=O from carbonyl or ester and C-H alkane groups are detected in both raw and torrefied pellets.
Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of palm-pressed fibre (PPF) with copper oxide doped zirconia (CuO/ZrO2) catalyst in a fixed-bed reactor
Authors: Mohamed A R , Awang A N , Hassan D M , Nordin N , Ahmad R
Published: December 2020

The utilization of agriculture solid waste such as palm pressed fibre (PPF) in pyrolysis reaction is an alternative way in converting the solid waste into bio-oil. In this research, thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of PPF was conducted using a tubular fixed bed reactor. A series of CuO/ZrO2 catalysts were prepared using the aqueous sol-gel technique. The catalysts were calcined at 400, 600 and 800 °C for 17 hours. The thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of PPF were carried out at 500 °C pyrolysis temperature for 5 minutes holding time using PPF particle size of 250-500 µm. The pyrolysis results showed that 44.35% bio-oil was obtained under thermal condition and their yields reduced to 41.07%, 35.45% and 38.18% respectively when CuO/ZrO2 catalysts calcined at 400, 600 and 800 °C were incorporated in PPF pyrolysis. The bio-oil was analyzed by using fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for the determination of functional groups. It was found that bio-oil from thermal and catalytic conditions possessed oxygenated functional groups such as aldehyde, ketone and carboxylic acid. In addition, the bio oil from catalytic conditions CuO/ZrO2 catalysts calcined at 400 and 600 °C showed the presence of saturated hydrocarbon.
Efficient W-Mo mixed oxide supported CaO catalyst for the production of biodiesel from high FFA waste cooking oil: Stoichiometric effect
Authors: Mansir N , Taufiq-Yap Y H
Published: December 2020

Biodiesel is considered as one of the most promising biofuels produced from the vegetable oils. This is due to its environmental benign and availability of variety of feedstock. It is generally produced by either esterification reaction of free fatty acid (FFA) or transesterification reaction of triglycerides, using acid or base catalysts, respectively. In this work, the solid tungsten molybdenum supported by calcium oxide catalyst (Wx-Moy/CaO 0.3≤x, 0.7≤y) was developed and used to produce biodiesel from high FFA waste cooking oil. The catalyst was synthesized using simple wet impregnation method. The stoichiometric effects of transition metal oxides loading on acid-base properties, surface area and porosity of the catalyst were studied. The catalytic activity of the catalyst for transesterification reaction increases with the increase in the tungsten molar weight ratio over Molybdenum from 0.3 to 0.7. The W0.6-Mo0.4/CaO catalyst recorded the highest biodiesel yield of 96.2% under mild reaction conditions of 15:1 methanol to oil molar ratio, 70°C reaction temperature, 2 wt.% catalyst loading and 2 h reaction time. The newly synthesized catalysts were characterised using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Temperature Programmed Desorption(TPD) and Vapour Pressure Scanning Electron Microscope (VPSEM).
Strain monitoring for shallow foundation using the application of Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis sensing system (BOTDA)
Authors: Sirat Qurratu Aini , Awang Ismail Dayangku Salma , Ahmad Izwan Shah , Kassim Azman
Published: December 2020

Stability analysis of the foundation is closely associated with soil deformations and since the stability of the foundation affect the stability of the entire structure, instrumentation and monitoring play an important role in monitoring its performances. The usage of Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis (BOTDA) sensing system is implemented in this study to monitor the soil deformation, yet the accuracy of the fiber sensing technology is still a concerned point. Thus, the aims of the paper are to evaluate the parameter configuration of the BOTDA interrogator and to analyze the fiber optic-soil interaction from the strain distribution data under the influence of incremental surcharge loading. The methodology presented are experimental works for calibration of fiber optic as for acquiring the coefficients by calibrating the signal difference in terms of strain and thermal characteristics. Then, the coefficients use used in a small-scale physical model to observe the fiber optic-soil interaction under the influence of surcharge loading. From the result of this study, the coefficient over a Brillouin signal for Fujikura optical fiber is 20 µε and 1°C for strain and temperature respectively. The fiber-soil interface also increases with the implementation of anchorage system. In conclusion, optical fiber sensing is a good approach for instrumentations and monitoring for geotechnical structures as fiber optics is sensitive to the movement of the soil.
Develop Portable Blood Analyzer Based On Temperature And Quantity Level
Authors: Farhan Sukemi Muhammad Amar , Mustafa Wan Azani , Aihsan Muhammad Zaid , Razali Zol Bahri , Akhmal S , Saidi Syahrul Affandi
Published: December 2020

This technical paper presents a developing portable blood analyzer for monitoring of human blood sample. Perseverance of blood sample in hospitals is important in order to obtain a great quality of blood and therefore it able to determining the human type of disease. This is a life-threatening early step in most medical applications fields such as diagnosis, treatment and medical research. The proposed system consists of three main parts. In the first part, the use of convenient and handy device to deal with the problem of incorrect temperature value and inadequate quantity of blood sample. Most of previous human hospitality services show a fail to handle and properly in time to take human blood sample for diagnosis in a schedule time frame such as not punctual in taking blood sample from a patient in three different times in one day. The consequences is that these blood sample are not in perfect quality for a correct estimation of the human disease towards a pathology unit. The proposed method is a device that uses infrared temperature system and non-contact blood sample quantity detection. In the second part is by combining those two approaches to single programmable electronic modules that are used to minimize the size of the portable device in the resulting techniques to improve the functionality. The third part is accomplished by using a modern technique to produce an interface to provide the value of human blood sample and shows it on display for monitoring purposes. The programmable coding has been test in several different types of sensors and physical part. The experimental results show that this method able to integrate both requirement of human blood sample perseverance with a contactless method towards a blood tube, providing the output value of quality characteristic in a display and making it well-suited for a convenient practical application system. The experimental results in real time applications shows the effectiveness, reliable and efficiency in the proposed approach which able to almost accurately detect and monitor the human blood sample with the ability to detect different types of people gender and blood type. The proposed coding system can be executed at more precise time scheduling which is better than real life human monitoring system.
Hybrid Floating Point/Logarithmic Number System Processor
Authors: Sheng C Y , Ismail R C , Naziri S Z M , Isa M N M , Murad S A Z , Harun A
Published: December 2020

Hybrid Floating Point/Logarithmic Number System processor is an Arithmetic Logic Unit with hybrid architecture in which its data computation involves Floating Point (FLP) and Logarithmic Number System (LNS). LNS processor has high performance but requires complicated hardware to support its function, especially LNS addition and subtraction. Therefore, hybrid processor is proposed to perform multiplication/division in LNS, addition/subtraction in FLP. Through merging FLP and LNS, data computation can be done in a faster, precise and less complicated way. The proposed research is a 32-bit Hybrid FLP/LNS processor, which involving 32-bit fixed point data format and 32-bit single precision FLP format. The EDA tools used in developing and simulating this project is based on Synopsys Design Compiler and Altera Quartus II, and the Hardware Description Language used is Verilog HDL. Logical synthesis of this project is done by using Synopsys Design Compiler and its area, timing and power are validated.