bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A multi-information combined convolutional neural network velocity spectrum automatic picking method
Authors: Jiang Run , Sun Xiaodong , Li Zhenchun , Peng Dongdong , Zhao Liang
Published: November 2023

Seismic velocity is a critical parameter in seismic exploration, and its accuracy significantly affects the reliability of data processing and interpretation results. However, manual velocity picking methods are not only inefficient but also time consuming, making them increasingly inadequate for meeting the demands of practical production work. This paper introduces the multi-information combination convolutional neural network (MCCN) velocity auto-picking method. Building on the foundation of convolutional neural networks, we have designed the network structure of the MCCN method specifically tailored to the characteristics of stacked velocity picking tasks. Given that velocity spectrum energy clusters exhibit both morphological and trend features, we use a regression convolutional neural network to enhance the accuracy of velocity picking. Furthermore, as the velocity spectrum contains interference from multiple waves and other noise, we employ a coordinate attention mechanism to mitigate the influence of interfering information. Our approach involves the simultaneous incorporation of velocity spectrum and CMP information through a dual-combination network, thereby further enhancing velocity picking accuracy. Finally, we compare our method with fully connected convolutional neural networks and manual velocity picking methods, demonstrating the practicality and precision of our proposed approach.
Long-term aspirin use and cancer risk: a 20-year cohort study
Authors: Skriver Charlotte , Maltesen Thomas , Dehlendorff Christian , Skovlund Charlotte Wessel , Schmidt Morten , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Friis Søren
Published: November 2023

Background

Long-term use of aspirin has been shown to reduce colorectal cancer risk, but the association remains inconclusive for individual noncolorectal cancers. We examined the association between long-term aspirin use and cancer risk in Denmark.

Methods

Using nationwide registries, we followed individuals aged 40-70 years at baseline (January 1, 1997) for cancer diagnoses through 2018. We assessed low-dose (75-150 mg) aspirin use according to continuity, duration, and cumulative amount. In addition, we explored associations with consistent high-dose (500 mg) aspirin use. Using Cox regression, we estimated multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) with aspirin use for overall and site-specific cancer.

Results

Among 1 909 531 individuals, 422 778 were diagnosed with cancer during mean follow-up of 18.2 years. Low-dose aspirin use did not reduce the hazard ratio for cancer overall irrespective of continuity and duration of use (continuous use: HR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.03 to 1.06). However, long-term (≥5 or ≥10 years) use was associated with at least 10% reductions in hazard ratios for several cancer sites: colon, rectum, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, small intestine, head and neck, brain tumors, meningioma, melanoma, thyroid, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and leukemia. Substantially elevated hazard ratios were found for lung and bladder cancer. In secondary analyses, consistent high-dose aspirin use was associated with reduced hazard ratios for cancer overall (HR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.85 to 0.93) and for several cancer sites.

Conclusion

Long-term low-dose aspirin use was associated with slight to moderately reduced risks for several cancers but not for cancer overall owing to increased risk for some common cancers. Similar or slightly stronger inverse associations were observed for consistent use of high-dose aspirin.
Cognitive symptoms progress with limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy stage and co-occurrence with Alzheimer disease
Authors: Hiya Satomi , Maldonado-Díaz Carolina , Walker Jamie M , Richardson Timothy E
Published: November 2023

Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathologic change (LATE-NC) is a neuropathologic entity characterized by transactive response DNA-binding protein of 43-kDa (TDP-43)-immunoreactive inclusions that originate in the amygdala and then progress to the hippocampi and middle frontal gyrus. LATE-NC may mimic Alzheimer disease clinically and often co-occurs with Alzheimer disease neuropathologic change (ADNC). This report focuses on the cognitive effects of isolated and concomitant LATE-NC and ADNC. Cognitive/neuropsychological, neuropathologic, genetic, and demographic variables were analyzed in 28 control, 31 isolated LATE-NC, 244 isolated ADNC, and 172 concurrent LATE-NC/ADNC subjects from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center. Cases with LATE-NC and ADNC were significantly older than controls; cases with ADNC had a significantly higher proportion of cases with at least one APOE ε4 allele. Both LATE-NC and ADNC exhibited deleterious effects on overall cognition proportional to their neuropathological stages; concurrent LATE-NC/ADNC exhibited the worst overall cognitive effect. Multivariate logistic regression analysis determined an independent risk of cognitive impairment for progressive LATE-NC stages (OR 1.66; p = 0.0256) and ADNC levels (OR 3.41; p < 0.0001). These data add to the existing knowledge on the clinical consequences of LATE-NC pathology and the growing literature on the effects of multiple concurrent neurodegenerative pathologies.
Divergences in stem and leaf traits between lianas and coexisting trees in a subtropical montane forest
Authors: Bai Xiao-Long , Yang Da , Sher Jan , Zhang Yun-Bing , Zhang Ke-Yan , Liu Qi , Wen Han-Dong , Zhang Jiao-Lin , Slot Martijn
Published: November 2023

Patterns in functional trait variation associated with the ecological strategies of lianas and trees in subtropical montane forests remain poorly understood due to lack of trait comparisons. Here, we filled this gap by investigating trait divergence between lianas and trees with different leaf habits for 13 traits of 33 species (7 deciduous and 4 evergreen liana species, and 10 deciduous and 12 evergreen tree species) in a subtropical montane forest in southwestern China. We found that lianas had significantly larger stem xylem vessel diameter, higher theoretical hydraulic conductivity, specific leaf area, leaf nitrogen, and phosphorus concentrations, but lower leaf dry-matter content and N/P ratio than sympatric trees, indicating that lianas employ an acquisitive ecological strategy, with a more efficient stem hydraulic system and more productive leaves. In contrast to trees, lianas exhibited a larger variation in vessel diameter, with a few wide and many narrow vessels in the xylem, indicating a greater vessel dimorphism. Growth form explained 48.7% of the total trait variation, while leaf habit only explained 3.8% of trait variation, without significant interaction between growth form and leaf habit. In addition, significant stem–leaf trait relationships were only found in trees, but not in lianas, indicating decoupling of stem hydraulic function and leaf traits in subtropical lianas. These results suggest that subtropical montane lianas and trees differ strikingly in stem and leaf functional traits. Further studies are warranted to strengthen our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the strong divergence in ecological strategies between lianas and trees in subtropical forest ecosystems.
Evaluation of Asymptomatic Bordetella Carriage in a Convenience Sample of Children and Adolescents in Atlanta, Georgia, United States
Authors: Acosta Anna M , Simon Ashley , Thomas Stepy , Tunali Amy , Satola Sarah , Jain Shabnam , Farley Monica M , Tondella M Lucia , Skoff Tami H
Published: November 2023

Few data exist on asymptomatic carriage of Bordetella species among populations receiving acellular pertussis vaccine. We conducted a cross-sectional study among acellular-vaccinated children presenting to an emergency department (ED). Bordetella pertussis carriage prevalence was <1% in this population, a lower prevalence than that found in recent studies among whole-cell pertussis-vaccinated participants.
Lipids and Proteins Differentiation in Membrane Fouling Using Heavy Metal Staining and Electron Microscopy at Cryogenic Temperatures
Authors: Roberge Hélène , Moreau Philippe , Couallier Estelle , Abellan Patricia
Published: November 2023

The detailed characterization of fouling in membranes is essential to understand any observed improvement or reduction on filtration performance. Electron microscopy allows detailed structural characterization, and its combination with labeling techniques, using electron-dense probes, typically allows for the differentiation of biomolecules. Developing specific protocols that allow for differentiation of biomolecules in membrane fouling by electron microscopy is a major challenge due to both as follows: the necessity to preserve the native state of fouled membranes upon real filtration conditions as well as the inability of the electron-dense probes to penetrate the membranes once they have been fouled. In this study, we present the development of a heavy metal staining technique for identification and differentiation of biomolecules in membrane fouling, which is compatible with cryofixation methods. A general contrast enhancement of biomolecules and fouling is achieved. Our observations indicate a strong interaction between biomolecules: A tendency of proteins, both in solution as well as in the fouling, to surround the lipids is observed. Using transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy at cryogenic conditions, cryo-SEM, in combination with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, the spatial distribution of proteins and lipids within fouling is shown and the role of proteins in fouling discussed.
Automated Grain Boundary Detection for Bright-Field Transmission Electron Microscopy Images via U-Net
Authors: Patrick Matthew J , Eckstein James K , Lopez Javier R , Toderas Silvia , Asher Sarah A , Whang Sylvia I , Levine Stacey , Rickman Jeffrey M , Barmak Katayun
Published: November 2023

Quantification of microstructures is crucial for understanding processing–structure and structure–property relationships in polycrystalline materials. Delineating grain boundaries in bright-field transmission electron micrographs, however, is challenging due to complex diffraction contrast in images. Conventional edge detection algorithms are inadequate; instead, manual tracing is usually required. This study demonstrates the first successful machine learning approach for grain boundary detection in bright-field transmission electron micrographs. The proposed methodology uses a U-Net convolutional neural network trained on carefully constructed data from bright-field images and hand tracings available from prior studies, combined with targeted postprocessing algorithms to preserve fine features of interest. The image processing pipeline accurately estimates grain boundary positions, avoiding segmentation in regions with intragrain contrast and identifying low-contrast boundaries. Our approach is validated by directly comparing microstructural markers (i.e., grain centroids) identified in U-Net predictions with those identified in hand tracings; furthermore, the grain size distributions obtained from the two techniques show notable overlap when compared using t-test, Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, and Cramér–von Mises test. The technique is then successfully applied to interpret new microstructures having different image characteristics from the training data, with preliminary results from platinum and palladium microstructures presented, highlighting the versatility of our approach for grain boundary identification in bright-field micrographs.
SARS-CoV-2 Causes Brain Damage: Therapeutic Intervention with AZD8797
Authors: Kervancioglu Demirci Elif , Onen Engin Alp , Sevic Yilmaz Erva , Karagoz Koroglu Ayca , Akakin Dilek
Published: November 2023

Elevated CX3CL1 is associated with severe COVID-19 and neurologic symptoms. We aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of selective CX3CR1 antagonist AZD8797 on SARS-CoV-2-induced neuronal damage, and to identify the underlying mechanisms. K18-hACE2 transgenic mice (n = 37) were randomly divided into control groups and SARS-CoV-2 groups, with and without intraperitoneal administration of vehicle or AZD8797 (2.5 mg/mL/day), following exposure to either a single dose of SARS-CoV-2 inhalation or no exposure. Object recognition and hole board tests were performed to assess memory function. Postinfection 8 days, brain tissues were analyzed for histopathological changes, viral, glial, apoptotic, and other immunohistochemical markers, along with measuring malondialdehyde, glutathione, and myeloperoxidase activities. Serum samples were analyzed for proinflammatory cytokines. The SARS-CoV-2 group showed significant weight loss, neuronal damage, oxidative stress, and impaired object recognition memory, while AZD8797 treatment mitigated some of these effects, especially in weight, apoptosis, glutathione, and MCP-1. Histopathological analyses supported the protective effects of AZD8797 against SARS-CoV-2-induced damage. The CX3CL1-CX3CR1 signaling pathway could offer a promising target for reducing SARS-CoV-2's neurological impact, but additional research is needed to confirm these findings in combination with other therapies and assess the clinical significance.
Initial-final mass relation from white dwarfs within 40 pc
Authors: Cunningham Tim , Tremblay Pier-Emmanuel , W. O’Brien Mairi
Published: November 2023

We present an initial-final mass relation derived from the spectroscopically complete volume-limited 40 pc sample of white dwarfs. The relation is modelled using population synthesis methods to derive an initial stellar population which can be fit to the observed mass distribution of white dwarfs. The population synthesis accounts for binary evolution, where higher mass white dwarfs are more likely to be merger products than their lower mass counterparts. Uncertainties are accounted from the initial mass function, stellar metallicity, and age of the Galactic disc. We also consider biases induced by the spectral type of the white dwarf where pure-hydrogen atmosphere white dwarfs are likely to have more accurate masses, whilst the full white dwarf sample will have fewer biases arising from spectral evolution. We provide a four-piece segmented linear regression using Monte Carlo methods to sample the 1-σ range of uncertainty on the initial stellar population. The derived initial-final mass relation provides a self-consistent determination of the progenitor mass for white dwarfs in the Solar neighbourhood which will be useful to study the local stellar formation history.
Photometric prioritization of neutron star merger candidates
Authors: Ofek Eran O , Strotjohann Nora L , Arcavi Iair , Gal-Yam Avishay , Kushnir Doron , Waxman Eli , Kasliwal Mansi M , Drake Andrew , Graham Matthew , Purdum Josiah , Rusholme Ben , Sharma Yashvi , Smith Roger , Wold Avery , Healy Brian F
Published: November 2023

Rapid identification of the optical counterparts of neutron star (NS) merger events discovered by gravitational wave detectors may require observing a large error region and sifting through a large number of transients to identify the object of interest. Given the expense of spectroscopic observations, a question arises: How can we utilize photometric observations for candidate prioritization, and what kinds of photometric observations are needed to achieve this goal? NS merger kilonova exhibits low ejecta mass (∼5 × 10−2 M⊙) and a rapidly evolving photospheric radius (with a velocity ∼0.2c). As a consequence, these sources display rapid optical-flux evolution. Indeed, selection based on fast flux variations is commonly used for young supernovae and NS mergers. In this study, we leverage the best currently available flux-limited transient survey – the Zwicky Transient Facility Bright Transient Survey – to extend and quantify this approach. We focus on selecting transients detected in a 3-day cadence survey and observed at a one-day cadence. We explore their distribution in the phase space defined by g–r, $\dot{g}$, and $\dot{r}$. Our analysis demonstrates that for a significant portion of the time during the first week, the kilonova AT 2017gfo stands out in this phase space. It is important to note that this investigation is subject to various biases and challenges; nevertheless, it suggests that certain photometric observations can be leveraged to identify transients with the highest probability of being fast-evolving events. We also find that a large fraction (≈75 per cent) of the transient candidates with $\vert\dot{g}\vert>0.7$ mag d−1, are cataclysmic variables or active galactic nuclei with radio counterparts.
Are the fates of supermassive black holes and galaxies determined by individual mergers, or by the properties of their host haloes?
Authors: Davies Jonathan J , Pontzen Andrew , Crain Robert A
Published: November 2023

The fates of massive galaxies are tied to the evolution of their central supermassive black holes (BHs), due to the influence of AGN feedback. Correlations within simulated galaxy populations suggest that the masses of BHs are governed by properties of their host dark matter haloes, such as the binding energy and assembly time, at a given halo mass. However, the full picture must be more complex, as galaxy mergers have also been shown to influence the growth of BHs and the impact of AGN. In this study, we investigate this problem through a controlled experiment, using the genetic modification technique to adjust the assembly history of a Milky Way-like galaxy simulated with the EAGLE model. We change the halo assembly time (and hence the binding energy) in the absence of any disruptive merger events, and find little change in the integrated growth of the BH. We attribute this to the angular momentum support provided by a galaxy disc, which reduces the inflow of gas towards the BH and effectively decouples the BH’s growth from the halo’s properties. Introducing major mergers into the assembly history disrupts the disc, causing the BH to grow ≈4 × more massive and inject feedback that reduces the halo baryon fraction by a factor of ≈2 and quenches star formation. Merger events appear essential to the diversity in BH masses in EAGLE, and we also show that they increase the halo binding energy; correlations between these quantities may therefore be the result of merger events.
Radioactive decay of specific heavy elements as an energy source for late-time kilonovae and potential James Webb Space Telescope observations
Authors: Chen Meng-Hua , Liang En-Wei
Published: November 2023

Revealing the temporal evolution of individual heavy elements synthesized in the merger ejecta from binary neutron star mergers not only improves our understanding of the origin of heavy elements beyond iron but also clarifies the energy sources of kilonovae. In this work, we present a comprehensive analysis of the temporal evolution of the energy fraction of each nuclide based on r-process nucleosynthesis simulations. The heavy elements dominating the kilonova emission within ∼100 days are identified, including 127Sb, 128Sb, 129Sb, 130Sb, 129Te, 132I, 222Rn, 223Ra, 224Ra, and 225Ac. It is found that the late-time kilonova light curve (t ≳ 20 days) is highly sensitive to the presence of the heavy element 225Ac (with a half-life of 10.0 days). Our analysis shows that the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), with its high sensitivity in the near-infrared band, is a powerful instrument for the identification of these specific heavy elements.
Disc precession in Be/X-ray binaries drives superorbital variations of outbursts and colour
Authors: Martin Rebecca G , Charles Philip A
Published: November 2023

Superorbital periods that are observed in the brightness of Be/X-ray binaries may be driven by a misaligned and precessing Be star disc. We examine how the precessing disc model explains the superorbital variation of (i) the magnitude of the observed X-ray outbursts and (ii) the observed colour. With hydrodynamical simulations, we show that the magnitude of the average accretion rate on to the neutron star, and therefore the X-ray outbursts, can vary by over an order of magnitude over the superorbital period for Be star spin–orbit misalignments ≳70° as a result of weak tidal truncation. Most Be/X-ray binaries are redder at optical maximum when the disc is viewed closest to face-on since the disc adds a large red component to the emission. However, A0538-66 is redder at optical minimum. This opposite behaviour requires an edge-on disc at optical minimum and a radially narrow disc such that it does not add a large red signature when viewed face-on. For A0538-66, the misalignment of the disc to the binary orbit must be about 70–80° and the inclination of the binary orbit to the line of sight must be similarly high, although restricted to <75° by the absence of X-ray eclipses.
Structural connectome-based predictive modeling of cognitive deficits in treated glioma patients
Authors: Friedrich Michel , Filss Christian P , Lohmann Philipp , Mottaghy Felix M , Stoffels Gabriele , Weiss Lucas Carolin , Ruge Maximilian I , Shah N Jon , Caspers Svenja , Langen Karl-Josef , Fink Gereon R , Galldiks Norbert , Kocher Martin
Published: November 2023

Background

In glioma patients, tumor growth and subsequent treatments are associated with various types of brain lesions. We hypothesized that cognitive functioning in these patients critically depends on the maintained structural connectivity of multiple brain networks.

Methods

The study included 121 glioma patients (median age, 52 years; median Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance score 1; CNS-WHO Grade 3 or 4) after multimodal therapy. Cognitive performance was assessed by 10 tests in 5 cognitive domains at a median of 14 months after treatment initiation. Hybrid amino acid PET/MRI using the tracer O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine, a network-based cortical parcellation, and advanced tractography were used to generate whole-brain fiber count-weighted connectivity matrices. The matrices were applied to a cross-validated machine-learning model to identify predictive fiber connections (edges), critical cortical regions (nodes), and the networks underlying cognitive performance.

Results

Compared to healthy controls (n = 121), patients’ cognitive scores were significantly lower in 9 cognitive tests. The models predicted the scores of 7/10 tests (median correlation coefficient, 0.47; range, 0.39–0.57) from 0.6% to 5.4% of the matrix entries; 84% of the predictive edges were between nodes of different networks. Critically involved cortical regions (≥10 adjacent edges) included predominantly left-sided nodes of the visual, somatomotor, dorsal/ventral attention, and default mode networks. Highly critical nodes (≥15 edges) included the default mode network’s left temporal and bilateral posterior cingulate cortex.

Conclusions

These results suggest that the cognitive performance of pretreated glioma patients is strongly related to structural connectivity between multiple brain networks and depends on the integrity of known network hubs also involved in other neurological disorders.
Malaria and tuberculosis co-infection—a review
Authors: Bijker Else M , Deshpande Sanjay , Salgame Padmini , Song Rinn
Published: November 2023

Malaria and tuberculosis remain highly prevalent infectious diseases and continue to cause significant burden worldwide. Endemic regions largely overlap, and co-infections are expected to occur frequently. Surprisingly, malaria-tuberculosis co-infection is relatively understudied. Malaria has long been known to have immunomodulatory effects, for example resulting in reduced vaccination responses against some pathogens, and it is conceivable that this also plays a role if co-infection occurs. Data from animal studies indeed suggest clinically important effects of malaria-tuberculosis co-infection on the immune responses with potential consequences for the pathophysiology and clinical course of both infections. Specifically, rodent studies consistently show reduced control of mycobacteria during malaria infection. Although the underlying immunological mechanisms largely remain unclear, an altered balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory responses may play a role. Some observations in humans also support the hypothesis that malaria infection skews the immune responses against tuberculosis, but data are limited. Further research is needed to unravel the underlying immunological mechanisms and delineate possible implications of malaria-tuberculosis co-infection for clinical practice.
From experimentation to structural change: fostering institutional entrepreneurship for public engagement in research and innovation
Authors: Cohen Joshua B , Loeber Anne M C , Marschalek ilse , Bernstein Michael J , Blok Vincent , Tabarés Raúl , Gianni Robert , Griessler Erich
Published: November 2023

Many researchers experiment with participatory settings to increase public engagement in research and innovation (R&I). Because of their temporary nature, it often remains unclear how such participatory experiments can contribute to structural change. This paper empirically explores options for bridging this gap. It analyzes how participants can be supported to act as institutional entrepreneurs to actively promote public engagement in R&I. To draw lessons, we analyze empirical material gathered on nineteen Social Labs which were set up to promote the uptake of Responsible Research and Innovation in a European R&I funding program (Horizon 2020). Involvement of motivated participants, insight in their institutional context, and specific methods and management choices that enhance a sense of agency are identified as essential for organizing change. These findings and the resulting framework of interventions may prove valuable for further (action) research into the institutionalization of public engagement in R&I.
Extracellular Vesicles From Mesenchymal Umbilical Cord Cells Exert Protection Against Oxidative Stress and Fibrosis in a Rat Model of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: Bisaccia Paola , Magarotto Fabio , D’Agostino Stefania , Dedja Arben , Barbon Silvia , Guidolin Diego , Liboni Cristina , Angioni Roberta , De Lazzari Giada , Caicci Federico , Viola Antonella , Jurga Marcin , Kundrotas Gabrielis , Stevens Dimitri , Mancuso Domenico , Gramegna Elisabetta , Seitaj Bruno , Kashyap Rudra , De Vos Beatrice , Macchi Veronica , Baraldi Eugenio , Porzionato Andrea , De Caro Raffaele , Muraca Maurizio , Pozzobon Michela
Published: November 2023

Oxidative stress and fibrosis are important stress responses that characterize bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a disease for which only a therapy but not a cure has been developed. In this work, we investigated the effects of mesenchymal stromal cells-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) on lung and brain compartment in an animal model of hyperoxia-induced BPD. Rat pups were intratracheally injected with MSC-EVs produced by human umbilical cord-derived MSC, following the Good Manufacturing Practice-grade (GMP-grade). After evaluating biodistribution of labelled MSC-EVs in rat pups left in normoxia and hyperoxia, oxidative stress and fibrosis investigation were performed. Oxidative stress protection by MSC-EVs treatment was proved both in lung and in brain. The lung epithelial compartment ameliorated glycosaminoglycan and surfactant protein expression in MSC-EVs-injected rat pups compared to untreated animals. Pups under hyperoxia exhibited a fibrotic phenotype in lungs shown by increased collagen deposition and also expression of profibrotic genes. Both parameters were reduced by treatment with MSC-EVs. We established an in vitro model of fibrosis and another of oxidative stress, and we proved that MSC-EVs suppressed the induction of αSMA, influencing collagen deposition and protecting from the oxidative stress. In conclusion, intratracheal administration of clinical-grade MSC-EVs protect from oxidative stress, improves pulmonary epithelial function, and counteracts the development of fibrosis. In the future, MSC-EVs could represent a new cure to prevent the development of BPD.
Procoagulant Properties of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Aspect of Thrombosis Pathogenesis
Authors: Yang Bianlei , Long Yaoying , Zhang Anyuan , Wang Hongxiang , Chen Zhichao , Li Qiubai
Published: November 2023

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that can differentiate into various cell types and secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) that transport bioactive molecules and mediate intercellular communication. MSCs and MSC-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) have shown promising therapeutic effects in several diseases. However, their procoagulant activity and thrombogenic risk may limit their clinical safety. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on procoagulant molecules expressed on the surface of MSCs and MSC-EVs, such as tissue factor and phosphatidylserine. Moreover, we discuss how these molecules interact with the coagulation system and contribute to thrombus formation through different mechanisms. Additionally, various confounding factors, such as cell dose, tissue source, passage number, and culture conditions of MSCs and subpopulations of MSC-EVs, affect the expression of procoagulant molecules and procoagulant activity of MSCs and MSC-EVs. Therefore, herein, we summarize several strategies to reduce the surface procoagulant activity of MSCs and MSC-EVs, thereby aiming to improve their safety profile for clinical use.
A Genome Sequence Resource of Diaporthe nobilis Causing Kiwifruit Rot
Authors: Li Huanhuan , Yu Shukun , Tang Xiaofeng , Liu Yongsheng , Miao Min
Published: November 2023

Diaporthe spp. are a significant plant pathogen causing wood canker, blight, dieback, and fruit decay in numerous economically important plant hosts worldwide. D. nobilis has been identified as a highly pathogenic isolate responsible for causing kiwifruit ( Actinidia spp.) rot, representing one of the most significant threats to the kiwifruit industry. Here, a comprehensive genome-wide sequence of D. nobilis strain DJY16A 5-1 utilizing advanced Nanopore third-generation sequencing technology is presented. The genome of D. nobilis strain DJY16A 5-1 was assembled into 26 contigs containing a combined size of 59.28 Mb and N50 length of 4.47 Mb. The virulence-related genes were analyzed, including 3,407 transmembrane proteins, 1,410 secreted proteins, 1,866 signal peptides, 135 effector proteins, 1,069 carbohydrate-active enzymes, 143 membrane transporter proteins, and 4,995 pathogen–host interaction-related proteins. The genome assembly and annotation facilitate the analysis of pathogen–host interaction, laying the foundation for in-depth research on the infection mechanism of pathogens.

[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Associations between weekly gestational exposure of fine particulate matter, ozone, and nitrogen dioxide and preterm birth in a North Carolina Birth Cohort, 2003–2015
Authors: Krajewski Alison K. , Luben Thomas J. , Warren Joshua L. , Rappazzo Kristen M.
Published: November 2023

Background:

Preterm birth (PTB; <37 weeks completed gestation) is associated with exposure to air pollution, though variability in association magnitude and direction across exposure windows exists. We evaluated associations between weekly gestational exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) with PTB in a North Carolina Birth Cohort from 2003 to 2015 (N = 1,367,517).

Methods:

Daily average PM2.5 and daily 8-hour maximum NO2 concentration estimates were obtained from a hybrid ensemble model with a spatial resolution of 1 km2. Daily 8-hour maximum census tract-level concentration estimates for O3 were obtained from the EPA’s Fused Air Quality Surface Using Downscaling model. Air pollutant concentrations were linked by census tract to residential address at delivery and averaged across each week of pregnancy. Modified Poisson regression models with robust errors were used to estimate risk differences (RD [95% confidence intervals (CI)]) for an interquartile range increase in pollutants per 10,000 births, adjusted for potential confounders.

Results:

Associations were similar in magnitude across weeks. We observed positive associations for PM2.5 and O3 exposures, but generally null associations with NO2. RDs ranged from 15 (95% CI = 11, 18) to 32 (27, 37) per 10,000 births for PM2.5; from −7 (−14, −1) to 0 (−5, 4) for NO2; and from 4 (1, 7) to 13 (10, 16) for O3.

Conclusion:

Our results show that increased PM2.5 exposure is associated with an increased risk of PTB across gestational weeks, and these associations persist in multipollutant models with NO2 and/or O3.
Quick and Easy Health-Promoting, Mood-Boosting Wellness Activities for Nursing Students
Authors: Heagele Tara
Published: November 2023

The nursing profession not only is fulfilling but can also be stressful and exhausting. Rewarding students for making time for wellness activities meets the personal health and well-being competencies found in Domain 10.1 of the new Core Competencies for Professional Nursing Education. In this article, I provide instructions and rationale for nurse educators to include quick and easy, health-promoting, mood-boosting wellness activities in their classes for all nursing degree levels. My goal is to motivate nurse educators to teach nursing students the importance of self-care to foster well-being so that they may flourish emotionally and physically.
Feasibility of a 3-Minute Mindful Breathing Intervention for Enhancing Psychiatric Mental Health Nurses' Resilience During COVID
Authors: Owens Rebecca A. , Houchins Joseph , Nolan Stephanie , Smalling Maxine M. , Attia Evelyn , Fitzpatrick Joyce J.
Published: November 2023

COVID created a perfect storm of conditions leading to excessive and prolonged stress on already vulnerable nurses. This study examines the feasibility of enhancing psychiatric mental health nurses' (PMHNs') resilience by practicing a 3-minute mindfulness-based intervention. In this pilot study, we explored if PMHNs could be recruited and retained for intervention implementation, intervention acceptability, and measurement of any notable changes over the prescribed period. Study feasibility is reflected in high participant retention and increased postintervention resilience scores. Given the positive outcomes, a larger-scale study is warranted. Additional areas of opportunity include strategies for increasing participant uptake, and, due to limited acceptability feedback, the introduction of a usefulness scale.
Keratoconus Management in the Community: A Survey of Optometrists
Authors: Angelo Lize , Gokul Akilesh , McGhee Charles N.J. , Ziaei Mohammed
Published: November 2023

Objectives:

Defining the patterns of practice and referral criteria of optometrists within New Zealand to investigate the diagnosis and management of keratoconus.

Methods:

Optometrists recruited through the New Zealand Association of Optometrists, Cornea and Contact Lens Society of New Zealand, and private practices were invited to complete an anonymous survey.

Results:

Responses were received from 168 optometrists (representing 20.0% of the optometrist population). Half (48%) of optometrists had ≥15 years of experience, and 22% prescribed soft contact lenses daily, whereas only 6.4% prescribed rigid gas-permeable (RGP) lenses daily. The main barriers to prescribing RGPs were experience with fitting, low market demand, and patient discomfort. When referring to an ophthalmologist, 41% reported referring on progression of corneal parameters, 27% on initial diagnosis, 21% at no set time, and 10% with a reduction in visual acuity. Most optometrists (64%) would refer for possible surgery when visual acuity dropped between 6/9 and 6/12. Optometrists with greater experience were more likely to prescribe RGP lenses and co-manage patients with ophthalmologists. Ownership of a corneal imaging unit suggested an increased likelihood of prescribing RGP lenses but did not alter referral patterns.

Conclusion:

This survey provides an overview of current practice and highlights the importance of optometrists in the diagnosis and management of keratoconus. There was a significant discrepancy in keratoconus management, regarding optical correction modality and referral criteria for ophthalmology review. Further interdisciplinary work is required between optometry and ophthalmology to standardize referral guidelines and enhance visual outcomes.
Accuracy of an Air-Puff Dynamic Tonometry Biomarker to Discriminate the Corneal Biomechanical Response in Patients With Keratoconus
Authors: Lombardo Giuseppe , Alunni-Fegatelli Danilo , Serrao Sebastiano , Mencucci Rita , Roszkowska Anna Maria , Bernava Giuseppe Massimo , Vestri Annarita , Aleo Danilo , Lombardo Marco
Published: November 2023

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to assess accuracy of the mean corneal stiffness (k

c
, N/m) parameter to discriminate between patients with keratoconus and age-matched healthy subjects.

Methods:

Dynamic Scheimpflug imaging tonometry was performed with Corvis ST (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Germany) in patients with keratoconus (n = 24; study group) and age-matched healthy subjects (n = 32; control). An image processing algorithm was developed to analyze the video sequence of the Corvis ST air-puff event and to determine the geometric and temporal parameters that correlated with the corneal tissue biomechanical properties. A modified 3-element viscoelastic model was used to derive the k

c
parameter, which represented the corneal tissue resistance to deformation under load. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to assess the overall diagnostic performance for determining the area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity of the k

c
in assessing the corneal tissue deformation to the Corvis ST air-puff event in keratoconus and control eyes. The Corvis Biomechanical Index (CBI) was analyzed for external validation.

Results:

The k

c
parameter was significantly different between keratoconus and controls (P < 0.001), ranging from 24.9 ±3.0 to 34.2 ±3.5 N/m, respectively. It was highly correlated with CBI (r = −0.69; P < 0.001); however, the k

c
parameter had greater specificity (94%) than CBI (75%), whereas the 2 biomarkers had similar area under the curve (0.98 vs. 0.94) and sensitivity (96% vs. 92%) in predicting the occurrence of keratoconus.

Conclusions:

The k

c
parameter extracted by video processing analysis of dynamic Scheimpflug tonometry data was highly accurate in discriminating patients with clinically manifest keratoconus compared with controls.
Frequent Apnea Attacks in a 1-Month-old Infant With Influenza C Virus Infection
Authors: Miyahara Masazumi , Osaki Kyoko
Published: November 2023

Influenza C virus infection is a common and mild disease in children. Nevertheless, it remains an under-recognized cause of acute respiratory illnesses. Herein, we report the case of a 54-day-old infant who developed an influenza C virus infection and frequent apnea attacks, which could be a risk factor for sudden death and has never been reported earlier.
Home Care Workers’ Objective and Subjective Recovery From Work
Authors: Säynäjäkangas Pihla , Mänttäri Satu , Selander Kirsikka , Laitinen Jaana
Published: November 2023

Objective

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the recovery from work in Finnish home care nurses with objective and subjective recovery measures.

Methods

Heart rate and heart rate variability recordings were performed in home care nurses over a period of one work shift and the following night. Following the measurements, the participants (N = 91) answered a questionnaire including questions about their self-rated recovery from work and sleep disturbances.

Results

The objectively measured recovery was within the recommended heart rate variability range, yet the self-rated recovery from work was only mediocre. Subjective recovery was not associated with objectively measured recovery.

Conclusions

There is a discrepancy between objectively and subjectively measured recovery from work. Therefore, an additional objective method in occupational field studies, along with questionnaires, is recommended to measure physiological recovery.
Parkes Weber Syndrome: Contribution of the Genotype to the Diagnosis
Authors: Andreoti Themis-Areti A. , Tuleja Aleksandra , Döring Yvonne , Maiolo Massimo , Schaller André , Vassella Erik , Zweier Christiane , Boon Laurence M. , Vikkula Miikka , Rössler Jochen , Bernhard Sarah M. , Baumgartner Iris
Published: November 2023

Objectives:

Parkes Weber syndrome (PWS) is a rare disorder that combines overgrowth, capillary malformations, and arteriovenous malformations (AVM)/arteriovenous fistulas, for which underlying activating mutations in the ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway have been described. The clinical overlap with Klippel-Trenauny syndrome, associated with mutations in PIK3CA, is significant. This case series aimed to elaborate on the phenotypic description of PWS, to underline its clinical overlap with Klippel-Trenauny syndrome and nonsyndromic AVM, and to evaluate the contribution of genotypic characterization to the diagnosis.

Methods:

All patients diagnosed with PWS upon enrollment in the Bernese VAScular COngenital Malformations (VASCOM) cohort were included. The diagnostic criteria of PWS were retrospectively reviewed. A next-generation sequencing (NGS) gene panel (TSO500, Illumina) was used on tissue biopsy samples.

Results:

Overall, 10/559 patients of the VAScular COngenital Malformations cohort were initially diagnosed with PWS. Three patients were reclassified as nonsyndromic AVM (Kristen Rat Sarcoma Viral oncogene homolog [KRAS], KRAS+tumor protein p53, and protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 11). Finally, 7 patients fulfilled all clinical diagnostic criteria of PWS. Genetic testing was available in 5 PWS patients. Only 1 patient had the classic RASA1 mutation; another patient had mutations in G protein subunit alpha q (GNAQ) and phosphatase and tensin homolog. In a third case, a PIK3CA mutation was detected. In 2 patients, no mutations were identified.

Conclusion:

Overgrowth syndromes with vascular malformations are rare and their clinical overlap hampers the classification of individual phenotypes under specific syndrome labels, sometimes even despite genetic testing. To provide optimal patient care, an accurate phenotypic description combined with the identification of molecular targets for precision medicine may be more meaningful than the syndrome classification itself.
Effect of White Noise on Pain Response, Heart Rate, and Oxygen Saturation During Heel Puncture in Premature Infants
Authors: Kim Min Hye , Song Ju-Eun , Ahn Jeong-Ah , You Mi-Ae
Published: November 2023

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the effect of white noise on pain response, heart rate, and oxygen saturation during heel puncture in premature infants.

Methods:

A randomized, controlled, pretest-posttest design was used. The participants were premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of a university hospital in Gyeonggi Province. Sixty premature infants were assigned to either an experimental (n = 30) or control (n = 30) group. The experimental group was exposed to white noise during heel puncture, and the measured variables were pain response, heart rate, and oxygen saturation. The data were analyzed using the independent t test, chi-squared test, and analysis of covariance.

Results:

Premature infants in the experimental group had a lower pain response and heart rate than the control group (F = 81.26, P < .01; F = 7.05, P = .01), and higher oxygen saturation than the control group (F = 4.76, P = .03).

Conclusion:

These results demonstrated that the white noise intervention is an effective nursing intervention to reduce the pain response and stabilize heart rate and oxygen saturation in premature infants during heel puncture.
Prongs or Mask for Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Neonates
Authors: Arcagok Baran Cengiz , Bilgen Hulya , Memisoglu Asli , Ozdemir Hulya , Sakarya Sibel , Ozek Eren
Published: November 2023

Background:

Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) is a common mode of respiratory support in neonatal intensive care units. Our objective was to compare whether NCPAP given with nasal prongs compared with a nasal mask reduces the pain scores in preterm infants with respiratory distress.

Methods:

Preterm infants on NCPAP due to respiratory distress were included in the study. All infants received NCPAP via the Infant Flow SiPAP. The COVERS pain scale was used to score the infants' pain. Each infant was studied alternating between nasal prongs and a nasal mask. Heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and transcutaneous CO2 (tcCO2) were monitored. Blood pressure and the infants' pain scores were determined every 30 minutes and the average of measurements was taken.

Results:

The median (interquartile range) values of pain scores, respiratory rates, oxygen saturations, tcCO2 levels, and systolic blood pressures differed significantly and favored the nasal mask.

Conclusions:

This study demonstrates that continuous positive airway pressure via a nasal mask leads to a significant reduction in pain scores without altering the respiratory parameters of babies. On the basis of this study, it is possible to conclude that NCPAP applied via nasal mask may be a good alternative to NCPAP applied via nasal prongs.
Focus Group Study of Heart Failure Nurses’ Perceptions of the Feasibility of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia
Authors: O’Connell Meghan , Feder Shelli L. , Nwanaji-Enwerem Uzoji , Redeker Nancy S.
Published: November 2023

Background

People with heart failure (HF) often report insomnia with daytime consequences, including fatigue and decreased functional performance. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia is an efficacious treatment, but few have access because of a shortage of trained sleep specialists. Access may be improved by offering it where people with HF receive care.

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of nurses who specialize in HF regarding the value of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia to their patients, the feasibility of offering it in HF clinical settings, its delivery by nurses, and preferences for modes of delivery.

Methods

We used a descriptive qualitative study design. We recruited focus group participants via e-mail to American Association of Heart Failure Nurses members and through requests for nurse collaborators to distribute within their networks. We conducted focus groups via Zoom. After describing cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia and its efficacy for people with HF, we elicited perceptions about its value if provided in the HF outpatient clinical setting, facilitators and barriers to implementation, and other ways to increase access. We audio-recorded and transcribed the discussions. Two researchers coded the data and performed thematic analysis.

Results

Four focus groups included 23 registered nurses and advanced practice nurses employed in outpatient HF clinics. We identified five themes: “Insomnia Overlooked,” “Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia Works,” “Nurses’ Role,” “Barriers and Supports,” and “Modes of Delivery.” Nurses endorsed the importance of insomnia to people with HF and the value of providing cognitive behavioral therapy. They expressed interest in evaluating and addressing sleep, the need for increased resources to address it, and multiple modes of delivery. All nurses believed they had a role in promoting sleep health but differed in their views about providing cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia.

Discussion

Nurses specializing in HF support the implementation of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia. Implementation studies are needed to identify effective methods to increase access to this efficacious treatment in outpatient HF clinical settings, including support and training for nurses who are interested and able to deliver it.