bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In search of Humboldt’s colors: materials and techniques of a 17th-century lacquered gourd from Colombia
Authors: Pozzi Federica , Basso Elena , Katz Monica
Published: October 2020

In 2014 the Hispanic Society Museum & Library, New York, acquired a viceregal Spanish American lacquered gourd, dating to 17th-century Colombia, which was decorated using an indigenous technique known as barniz de Pasto. This technique employs local, raw materials, including natural dyes and a plant resin commonly known as mopa mopa, harvested from Elaeagia pastoensis Mora trees that grow in the Andean rainforest. An in-depth scientific study of the gourd aimed at determining its materials and manufacturing techniques, and at comparing the results with the description of local botanical species reported by Alexander von Humboldt, the German naturalist and explorer, in the account of his travels through the region in 1801. The use of several non-invasive techniques was followed by micro-sampling. Initially, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis was performed to evaluate the possible presence of inorganic pigments, while fiber optics reflectance spectroscopy (FORS) and multiband imaging provided preliminary data concerning the colorants. Dyes and pigments were fully characterized using Raman spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PDA); a detailed description of the resin was obtained with HPLC-PDA and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS); the metallic elements and overall decoration were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). Radiocarbon dating completed the technical information on the object. This work confirmed the identity of the resin as Elaeagia pastoensis Mora, supporting an unequivocal classification of the gourd as a barniz de Pasto object; the color palette was found to include some of the pigments listed by Humboldt, but also comprised other materials, such as calomel, a rare white pigment based on mercury(I) chloride; examination of the decoration’s intricate stratigraphy provided insight into the complexity of the barniz de Pasto technique, in which silver leaf is typically applied on top of a sheet of untinted resin and covered with a variable number of dyed resin layers; finally, a pre-1650 date was firmly established for the gourd, which is in line with stylistic observations that had tentatively placed this object in the early barniz de Pasto period. In addition to providing conservators with the proper tools to preserve similar lacquered objects, the wealth of knowledge gleaned from this study has revealed fascinating details about the technique employed, demonstrating the extraordinary skill and craftsmanship of the artisans involved in the lacquer arts.
Identifying important habitats for waterbird conservation at a Greek Regional Nature Park
Authors: Liordos Vasilios , Kontsiotis Vasileios J.
Published: October 2020

Background

Small coastal wetlands are vital sites for wintering waterbirds. Identifying important habitats is critical for managing waterbirds effectively. The Vourkari inlet is a small coastal wetland located near the capital Athens, within the most urbanized and industrialized area of Greece. We aimed at identifying the most important habitats for waterbirds at the Vourkari inlet during winter.

Methods

Data about habitat use and availability were collected for 14 waterbird species and for seven habitat classes. Habitat selection (Manly’s selection ratio), overlap indices (Pianka’s niche overlap index) and null models were calculated.

Results

All the studied waterbird species selected available habitats nonrandomly. Shallow waters (0–2 m), were used by 13 waterbirds and selected by five waterbirds. Pools and channels were used and selected by 10 species. Mud was used by nine species and selected by six species. Mud with rocky substrate was used by nine species and selected by eight species. Medium (2–4 m) and deep (4–6 m) open water habitats were used by seven species and selected by four species. Halophytic vegetation was used by six species and selected by two species. Several habitats were selected by nationally important populations: mudflat habitats (i.e., mud, mud with rocky substrate and pools and channels) by Common Redshanks (Tringa totanus), halophytic vegetation by Little Egrets (Egretta garzetta), shallow waters by Common Shelducks (Tadorna tadorna) and medium and deep waters by Sandwich Terns (Thalasseus sandvicencis), whilst shallow waters and mudflat habitats were preferred by a possibly internationally important population of Mediterranean Gulls (Ichthyaetus melanocephalus). Although overlap in habitat use between species was generally low, null models indicated habitat sharing and a lack of competition.

Conclusions

Waterbirds coexisted in the absence of competition for habitats at Vourkari, where they mostly used and preferred shallow water and mudflats. Small coastal wetlands are numerous, both in Greece and worldwide, therefore our findings would be useful as a basis for comparisons, both temporal at the inlet and spatial with other sites, that would help assess the importance of habitats and improve management strategies to benefit waterbirds, especially in areas with similar Mediterranean-type habitats and climate.
The prevalence of peri-implant disease following immediate implant placement and loading: a cross-sectional analysis after 2 to 10 years
Authors: Parvini Puria , Obreja Karina , Becker Kathrin , Galarraga Maria Elisa , Schwarz Frank , Ramanauskaite Ausra
Published: October 2020

Background

To evaluate the prevalence of peri-implant disease after immediate implant placement and loading.

Material and methods

This cross-sectional analysis included a total of 47 patients with 64 implants exhibiting a mean loading time of 2 to 10 years (4.23 ± 1.7 years). The surgical and prosthetic procedures were standardized in all patients. Peri-implant health and disease was assessed based on the established case definitions.

Results

The prevalence of peri-implant health, peri-implant mucositis, and peri-implantitis amounted to 38.3%, 57.5%, and 4.2% of the patients, respectively. Mucosal recession of 1 mm was present at 4 (6%) implants. No suppuration, pain, or implant failures were reported. Ordinal logistic regression revealed that reduced keratinized mucosa height was significantly associated with the diagnosis of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis (OR = 0.514,P = 0.0125).

Conclusion

Immediate implant placement and loading was associated with high success rates at 2 to 10 years.
Correction to: Preliminary evaluation of the Vision PERformance (VIPER) simulator
Authors: Ryan Denise S. , Sia Rose K. , Eaddy Jennifer B. , Logan Lorie A. , Familoni Jide O. , Beydoun Hind , Rodgers Samantha B. , Rivers Bruce A.
Published: October 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Ultrasound and multi-biomarker disease activity score for assessing and predicting clinical response to tofacitinib treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Razmjou Amir A. , Brook Jenny , Elashoff David , Kaeley Gurjit , Choi Soo , Kermani Tanaz , Ranganath Veena K.
Published: October 2020

Background

Musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) and the multi-biomarker disease activity (MBDA) score are outcome measures that may aid in the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. This study evaluated tofacitinib response by MSUS/MBDA scores and assessed whether baseline MSUS/MBDA scores or their early changes predict later clinical response.

Methods

Twenty-five RA patients treated with tofacitinib were assessed at baseline, 2, 6 and 12-weeks. Power doppler (PDUS) and gray scale (GSUS) ultrasound scores, MBDA score, clinical disease activity index (CDAI), and disease activity score (DAS28) were obtained. Pearson correlations and multiple linear regression models were used to evaluate associations and identify predictors of response to therapy.

Results

MSUS, MBDA scores, CDAI, and DAS28 improved significantly over 12 weeks (p < 0.0001). Baseline MSUS and MBDA score correlated with each other, and with 12-week changes in CDAI/DAS28 (r = 0.45–0.62, p < 0.05), except for GSUS with DAS28. Two-week change in MSUS correlated significantly with 12-week changes in CDAI/DAS28 (r = 0.42–0.57, p < 0.05), except for early change in PDUS with 12-week change in CDAI. Regression analysis demonstrated significant independent associations between baseline PDUS/MBDA score and 6-week change in CDAI/DAS28, with adjustment for baseline CDAI/DAS28 (all p < 0.05); and between baseline MBDA scores and 12-week change in DAS28 (p = 0.03).

Conclusions

RA patients treated with tofacitinib for 12 weeks demonstrated improvement by clinical, imaging, and biomarker end-points. Baseline PDUS and MBDA score were predictive of CDAI and DAS28 responses. This is the first study to evaluate early measurements of MSUS and MBDA score as predictors of clinical response in RA patients treated with tofacitinib.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02321930 (registered 12/22/2014).
In a case of female-to-male sex reassignment, testosterone therapy switches on an underlying Brugada
Authors: Vivona Patrizia , Dagradi Federica , Ciulla Michele M.
Published: October 2020

Background

The Brugada syndrome, diagnosed by a typical electrocardiographic pattern, is a genetic condition characterised by an increased risk of potentially lethal ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Even if its pathophysiological mechanism is unknown, its prevalence in male suggested a possible hormonal involvement.

Case presentation

In this case involving a woman who underwent a female-to-male sex reassignment, we documented that testosterone administration was able to switch on and, when stopped, to switch off a latent pattern of Brugada.

Conclusions

Our observation strongly supports a possible involvement of testosterone in the ECG manifestation of Brugada syndrome even if the general low prevalence of the Brugada syndrome does not support to screen every female-to-male sex reassignment.
Optimizing open data to support one health: best practices to ensure interoperability of genomic data from bacterial pathogens
Authors: Timme Ruth E. , Wolfgang William J. , Balkey Maria , Venkata Sai Laxmi Gubbala , Randolph Robyn , Allard Marc , Strain Errol
Published: October 2020

The holistic approach of One Health, which sees human, animal, plant, and environmental health as a unit, rather than discrete parts, requires not only interdisciplinary cooperation, but standardized methods for communicating and archiving data, enabling participants to easily share what they have learned and allow others to build upon their findings. Ongoing work by NCBI and the GenomeTrakr project illustrates how open data platforms can help meet the needs of federal and state regulators, public health laboratories, departments of agriculture, and universities. Here we describe how microbial pathogen surveillance can be transformed by having an open access database along with Best Practices for contributors to follow. First, we describe the open pathogen surveillance framework, hosted on the NCBI platform. We cover the current community standards for WGS quality, provide an SOP for assessing your own sequence quality and recommend QC thresholds for all submitters to follow. We then provide an overview of NCBI data submission along with step by step details. And finally, we provide curation guidance and an SOP for keeping your public data current within the database. These Best Practices can be models for other open data projects, thereby advancing the One Health goals of Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Re-usable (FAIR) data.
Development of a comparative chimpanzee musculoskeletal glenohumeral model: implications for human function
Authors: MacLean Kathleen F. E. , Dickerson Clark R.
Published: October 2020

Modern human shoulder function is affected by the evolutionary adaptations that have occurred to ensure survival and prosperity of the species. Robust examination of behavioral shoulder performance and injury risk can be holistically improved through an interdisciplinary approach that integrates anthropology and biomechanics. Coordination of these fields can allow different perspectives to contribute to a more complete interpretation of biomechanics of the modern human shoulder. The purpose of this study was to develop a novel biomechanical and comparative chimpanzee glenohumeral model, designed to parallel an existing human glenohumeral model, and compare predicted musculoskeletal outputs between the two models. The chimpanzee glenohumeral model consists of three modules – an external torque module, musculoskeletal geometric module, and an internal muscle force prediction module. Together, these modules use postural kinematics, subject specific anthropometrics, a novel shoulder rhythm, glenohumeral stability ratios, hand forces, musculoskeletal geometry, and an optimization routine to estimate joint reaction forces and moments, subacromial space dimensions, and muscle and tissue forces. Using static postural data of horizontal bimanual suspension task, predicted muscle forces and subacromial space were compared between chimpanzees and humans. Compared to chimpanzees, the human model predicted a 2mm narrower subacromial space, deltoid muscle forces that were often double those of chimpanzees and a strong reliance on infraspinatus and teres minor (60-100% maximal force) over other rotator cuff muscles. These results agree with previous work on inter-species differences that inform basic human rotator cuff function and pathology.
Long-lasting generalization triggered by a single trial event in the invasive crayfish Procambarus clarkii
Authors: Dissegna Andrea , Caputi Andrea , Chiandetti Cinzia
Published: October 2020

Behavioural flexibility allows to adapt to environmental changes, a situation that invasive species have often to face when colonizing new territories. Such flexibility is ensued by a set of cognitive mechanisms among which generalization plays a key role, as it allows to transfer past solution to solve similar new problems. By means of a habituation paradigm, we studied generalization in the invasive crayfish Procambarus clarkii. Once crayfish habituated their alarming response to a specific water jet, we tested whether habituation transferred to a new type of water jet. Although habituation did not generalize when the new stimulus was initially presented, it surprisingly emerged 15 and 45 days later. Hence, remarkably, in P. clarkii a single presentation of a new event was sufficient to trigger a long-lasting form of learning generalization from previous similar stimuli, a cognitive ability that may concur in providing adaptive advantages to this invasive species.
Rapid-warming tolerance correlates with tolerance to slow warming but not growth at non-optimal temperatures in zebrafish
Authors: Åsheim ER. , Andreassen AH. , Morgan R. , Jutfelt F.
Published: October 2020

Global warming is predicted to increase both acute and prolonged thermal challenges for aquatic ectotherms. Severe short and medium-term thermal stress over hours to days may cause mortality, while longer sub-lethal thermal challenges may cause performance declines. The interrelationship between the responses to short, medium and longer thermal challenges is unresolved. We asked if the same individuals are tolerant to both rapid and slow warming challenges, a question which has so far received little attention. Additionally, we investigated the possibility of a thermal syndrome where individuals in a population are distributed along a warm-type to cold-type axis. We tested whether different thermal traits correlate across individuals by acclimating 200 juvenile zebrafish (Danio rerio) to sub- or supra- optimal temperatures for growth (22 and 34°C) for 40 days and measured growth and thermal tolerance at two different warming rates. We found that tolerance to rapid warming correlated with tolerance to slow warming, in the 22°C treatment. However, individual tolerance to neither rapid nor slow warming correlated with growth at the supra-optimal temperature. We thus find some support for a syndrome-like organisation of thermal traits, but the lack of connection between tolerance and growth-performance indicates a restricted generality of a thermal syndrome. The results suggest that tolerance to rapid warming may share underlying physiological mechanisms with tolerance to slower heating, and indicate that the relevance of acute critical thermal tolerance extends beyond the rapid ramping rates used to measure them.
Accelerometry predicts muscle ultrastructure and flight capabilities in a wild bird
Authors: Lalla Kristen M. , Whelan Shannon , Brown Karl , Patterson Allison , Jimenez Ana Gabriela , Hatch Scott A. , Elliott Kyle H.
Published: October 2020

Muscle ultrastructure is closely linked with athletic performance in humans and lab animals, and presumably plays an important role in the movement ecology of wild animals. Movement is critical for wild animals to forage, escape predators, and reproduce. However, little evidence directly links muscle condition to locomotion in the wild. We used GPS-accelerometers to examine flight behaviour and muscle biopsies in breeding black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) to assess muscle ultrastructure. Biopsied kittiwakes showed similar reproductive success and subsequent over-winter survival to non-biopsied kittiwakes, suggesting that our study method did not greatly impact foraging ability. Muscle fibre diameter was negatively associated with wing beat frequency, suggesting that larger muscle fibres facilitate powered flight. Number of nuclei per fibre was positively associated with average airspeed, likely because higher power output needed by faster-flying birds required plasticity for muscle fibre recruitment. These results suggest the potential for flight behaviour to predict muscle ultrastructure.
Oedipism in West Texas: A case series
Authors: Clarke Cameron , Truong Timothy
Published: October 2020

We report two cases of bilateral attempted self-enucleation with severe sequalae following the traumatic events. Case 1 involves an incarcerated schizophrenic patient who presented multiple times following failed enucleation attempts before finally succeeding with bilateral enucleation. Case 2 is an acutely psychotic individual who successfully enucleated their left eye with attempted removal of the right eye. They developed a massive ischemic stroke immediately following the traumatic event. We also discuss other complications, management, and prevention.
Countering COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy
Authors: Perry Cody , Mizer Adin , Wynn Adam , Kruczek Cassie
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Many devastating diseases have been largely controlled or eradicated, especially in industrialized nations, due to the availability of safe, effective, and affordable vaccines. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a horrific toll on human life and is devastating the global economy. To prevent the continued spread of COVID-19, efforts have begun to develop a COVID-19 vaccine. However, recent public polls have demonstrated concerns with the COVID-19 vaccine. To help understand these concerns, this review addresses the necessity of vaccines, vaccine safety and development, and vaccine hesitancy.
Methods: This review contains a compilation of data from several sources, including peer-reviewed journals, preprints, studies published in PubMed and the Cochrane Library, CDC and WHO guidelines, and broader web searches to retrieve up-to-date information. Studies selected were related to vaccine safety, production, and efficacy or COVID-19.
Results/Conclusion: To improve public acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine, public health officials and healthcare professionals need to work with community leaders to create specialized strategies to overcome vaccine hesitancy. Such strategies could use both traditional and social media platforms in addition to physician-patient interactions. To maximize the number of individuals who receive the COVID-19 vaccine, these strategies should focus on dispelling potential myths and emphasize the benefits and safety of vaccination.
Key Words: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, vaccine, vaccine hesitancy, vaccine safety/efficacy
Links between exercise/nutrition and antioxidants - protective effects on immune/respiratory systems as defense against viral infections
Authors: Kharbat Abdurrahman , Rossettie Stephen , Zumwalt Mimi
Published: October 2020

This paper discusses factors involved in COVID-19 pathophysiology, with a focus on nutrition, exercise, enzymatic antioxidant systems, and the interplay between immune tolerance and resistance. Of all the supplements, zinc has the most evidence for effectiveness against viruses. However, these data were based primarily on studies measuring duration of the common cold rather than on COVID-19, and optimal dosing remains unclear. Exercise has been shown to have protective tolerogenic effects against viral infection due to the impact of extracellular superoxide dismutases (EC-SODs). Exercise may have a combination of beneficial and harmful effects on outright resistance to viruses in the short term, but taken as a whole it likely has a net protective effect on the immune system. The evidence is examined through the lens of the open window theory and a thorough investigation of the relationship between EC-SODs and exercise/diet. By better understanding the host-virus relationship, clinicians and researchers alike can collaborate to establish guiding principles regarding the steps that individuals can take to protect against some of the deleterious effects of viral infections. More research in this area is needed to understand the relationships among exercise, nutrition, and viral disease.
Keywords: COVID-19, SARS CoV-2, nutrition, zinc, EC-SODs, superoxide dismutase, exercise, enzymatic antioxidant/immune systems
Medical management of decompensated heart failure in adult patients: Part 1: Definition and medical management
Authors: Elmassry Mohamed , Rahman Rubayat , Paz Pablo , Mantilla Barbara , Shurmur Scott , Argueta-Sosa Erwin
Published: October 2020

Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is the leading cause of hospitalization in patients older than 65 years. It continues to increase in prevalence and is associated with significant mortality and morbidity including frequent hospitalizations. The American Heart Association is predicting that more than 8 million Americans will have heart failure by 2030 and that the total direct costs associated with the disease will rise from $21 billion in 2012 to $70 billion in 2030. The definition of ADHF has important limitations, and its management differs significantly from that of chronic heart failure. Although many large, randomized, controlled clinical trials have been conducted in patients with chronic heart failure, it was not until recently that more studies began to address the management of ADHF. The mainstay of ADHF management involves identification of precipitating factors, oxygen supplementation, sodium and fluid restriction, and diuresis. The phenomenon of diuretic resistance is a significant obstacle to relief of congestion and is a field of active investigation. Other important adjuncts to treatment include noninvasive ventilation, inotropes, vasopressors, nitrates, opiates, and vasopressin receptor antagonists. In this review, we will discuss the terminology and classification of ADHF, and review the multiple modalities and strategies available for the management of this disorder.
Keywords: heart failure, medical management, complications, devices, palliative care
Medical management of decompensated heart failure in adult patients: Part 2: Organ involvement, invasive hemodynamic monitoring, device therapy, and outcomes
Authors: Mantilla Barbara , Paz Pablo , Rahman Rubayat , Elmassry Mohamed , Shurmur Scott , Argueta-Sosa Erwin
Published: October 2020

Acute decompensated heart failure is a clinical syndrome involving the congestion of vital organs, such as the kidneys, liver, and brain, leading to loss of autoregulation and multiorgan failure. The interaction between organ systems is bi-directional and complex; it cannot be explained by hypoperfusion alone. Despite the multiple signs and symptoms that arise with systemic congestion, there are limitations in the assessment of volume status based only on clinical evaluation. Invasive hemodynamic monitoring is an adjunctive diagnostic and prognostic tool in acute decompensated heart failure when standard therapy fails and/or leads to worsening renal function as well as for the evaluation of advanced therapy options. This review will discuss the use of temporary mechanical circulatory support devices in cardiogenic shock and the expected outcomes for advanced heart failure with the implementation of left ventricular assist devices and cardiac transplantation.
Clinical approach to burst-suppression pattern in intensive care unit: basic and updates
Authors: Pan Jie , Karukote Amputch , Shoji Eri
Published: October 2020

A burst-suppression pattern is an electroencephalographic pattern characterized by a quasi-periodic high amplitude “burst” alternating with periods of low or flatline “suppression.” Recognizing and understanding this pattern is helpful for clinical management in intensive care units. Pathological burst-suppression is commonly seen in post cardiac arrest comatose patients. It can also be induced by anesthetics or hypothermia. A burst-suppression pattern in anoxic brain injury generally predicts a poor prognosis; however, exceptions do occur. Inducing burst-suppression by general anesthetics can be used to abort super-refractory status epilepticus. This article will discuss this unique EEG pattern, including basic mechanisms, related clinical conditions, and recent research updates.
The psychological implications of sleep apnea
Authors: Sarangi Ashish , Domingo-Johnson E.L. , Mwangi Lance , Siddiqui Arham , Hsu Chia
Published: October 2020

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder characterized by collapse or obstruction of the airway with associated hypoxemia. Physiological conditions associated with OSA include hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias; however, OSA is also linked to psychological illnesses and disorders. This study focuses on the relation between OSA and psychological disorders in children and adults by reviewing pertinent literature. The review was conducted using PubMed, which yielded 56 articles between 2015 and 2020. Primary findings included links of OSA to neurological deficiencies, such as decreases in visuospatial ability, attention, and memory, as well as structural defects (e.g., edema and gliosis). Studies also showed a bidirectional relationship between OSA and major depressive disorder. A similar finding is observed between OSA and bipolar disorder, which can be aggravated by atypical antipsychotic treatments. It is important to continue to investigate the clinical manifestations of OSA in adult and children populations to prevent, diagnose, and treat related psychological conditions.
Echocardiographic strain
Authors: Prieto Sofia , Hosseini Omid , Sethi Pooja
Published: October 2020

Echocardiography is a readily available imaging modality used to evaluate cardiac function. Recently, the addition of strain measurements has provided additional information by evaluating the intrinsic myocardial function and detecting subclinical systolic dysfunction. As with any emerging technique or application, it is imperative to understand how the information gathered in the study can be applied to clinical practice. This review article examines how echocardiographic strain analysis can be applied to clinical practice and its use as a promising prognostic resource in many cardiovascular conditions.
Hydroxychloroquine: A review of its effects on viral replication based on current literature
Authors: Ghose Medha , Patel Maehali , Nugent Kenneth
Published: October 2020

Quinine has been used for centuries as a drug for malaria treatment. Chloroquine (CQ) and its 4-aminoquinoline analog hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have been used during the last two centuries for the treatment and prophylaxis of malaria. Since the inception of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, in late December 2019, physicians and researchers have tried to use old drugs to treat this pandemic. This review discusses possible modes of action of CQ and HCQ in vitro that might treat this viral infection. The diverse cellular, immunological, and antiviral mechanisms reported in the literature suggest that CQ and HCQ might be useful drugs against COVID-19. Both drugs increase the pH in intracellular organelles, which limits viral replication. However, randomized controlled trials have not found any benefit as either for prophylaxis or treatment of COVID-19. In addition, fatal adverse events associated with these drugs have resulted in the issuance of precautionary measures when recommending these drugs in COVID-19 patients. The search for other innovative drugs to cure COVID-19 and an expedited approval for a vaccine are ongoing at present.
Changes in Respiratory Function and Physical Capacity among Smokers after Switching to IQOS: One Year Follow-Up
Authors: Sharman Almaz , Nurmagambetov Tursynbek
Published: October 2020

Background: Combustible cigarettes (CC) smoking is a common risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is the fourth leading cause of death in Kazakhstan. Switching to "heat-not-burn" tobacco products (IQOS) has been shown to have less deleterious health effect compared to CC for those who cannot quit smoking. The goal of the study was to explore respiratory and physical effects of switching from CC to IQOS in a population of long-time smokers in Kazakhstan. Methods: Two cohorts of men and women aged between 40 and 59 residing in Almaty (a large two-million city of Kazakhstan) were recruited into two cohort of 801 CC smokers and 400 IQOS users and matched by gender, age, education, and smoking history. Analyses also included 627 CC smokers and 308 IQOS users who maintained their tobacco product use during the first year of observation. Spirometry measurements and the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) were performed as a part of the baseline and one-year comprehensive assessments. In addition to spirometry, clinical assessments included components of metabolic syndrome and anthropometry. For comparative analysis between two cohorts Student’s t-test and Chi-squared tests were used. Results: We observed significantly better outcomes for IQOS users in most of CAT scores, spirometry outcomes, and in some metabolic syndrome components. Although changes in the results between the baseline and the one-year assessments show comparable results, smokers of CC often show significantly faster decline in the health status compared to IQOS. Specifically, the changes in CAT score and in spirometry FEV1 over FVC ratios were worsening at higher pace for CC smokers compared to IQOS users. Conclusions: After one year of observation IQOS users demonstrated better outcomes for most of CAT scores and in the ratio of FEV1 over FVC in comparison to CC smokers.
Improved Hybrid Exponentially Weighted Moving Average Control Chart using Auxiliary Information
Authors: Tariq Sadia , Noor-ul-Amin Muhammad , Hanif Muhammad , Jun Chi-Hyuck
Published: October 2020

Statistical process control is an important tool for maintaining the quality of a production process. Several control charts are available to monitor changes in process parameters. In this study, a control chart for the process mean is proposed. For this purpose, an auxiliary variable is used in the form of a regression estimator under the configuration of the hybrid exponentially weighted moving average (HEWMA) control chart. The proposed chart is evaluated by conducting a simulation study. The results showed that the proposed chart is sensitive with respect to the HEWMA chart. A real-life application is also presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed control chart.
Inversion of the axial projection of the spin angular momentum in the region of the backward energy flow in sharp focus
Authors: Kotlyar Victor V. , Nalimov Anton G. , Stafeev Sergey S.
Published: October 2020

We show theoretically and numerically that when strongly focusing a circularly polarized optical vortex, the longitudinal component of its spin angular momentum undergoes inversion. A left-handed circularly polarized input beam is found to convert in the focus and near the optical axis to a right-handed circularly polarized beam. Thanks to this effect taking place near the strong focus, where a reverse energy flow is known to occur, the spin angular momentum inversion discovered can be utilized to detect a reverse energy flow.
Passive photonic integration of lattice filters for waveguide-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Tyndall Nathan F. , Stievater Todd H. , Kozak Dmitry A. , Pruessner Marcel W. , Rabinovich William S.
Published: October 2020

To perform waveguide-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (WERS) or fluorescence spectroscopy in a compact device, the optical fibers to couple the passive photonic circuit to the laser source and detector require attachment directly to the die. This necessitates the integration of edge couplers and waveguide-based filters to isolate the fiber background emission from the on-chip signal, while efficiently coupling the pump laser and detector to the input and output fibers, respectively. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate the successful integration of four-port lattice filters with sensing spirals and inverse-taper edge couplers in a passive photonic circuit. We further show that the four-port lattice filter enables the collection of backscattered on-chip Stokes signal, improving and simplifying overall system performance.
Ultra-short photoacoustic pulse generation through hot electron pressure in two-dimensional electron gas
Authors: Wu Chen-Ling , Gusev Vitalyi , Peng Lung-Han , Sheu Jinn-Kong , Sun Chi-Kuang
Published: October 2020

Launching ultrashort femtosecond photoacoustic pulses with multi-terahertz bandwidth will find broad applications from fundamental acoustics in 2D materials and THz-acoustic and phonon spectroscopy to nondestructive detection in opaque materials with a sub-nanometer resolution. Here we report the generation of ultra-short 344 fs photoacoustic pulses with a 2.1 THz bandwidth from interfacial two-dimensional electron gas using optical femtosecond excitation. A comparison with simulation supports the dominant contribution of hot electron pressure and the ultrafast electron relaxation to produce pulsewidth shorter than the acoustic transit time across the electron wavefunction. Our simulation further indicates the possibility to generate <200 fs photoacoustic pulse.
Chromaticity of structural color in polymer thin film photonic crystals
Authors: Rosetta Giselle , An Tong , Zhao Qibin , Baumberg Jeremy J. , Tomes John J. , Gunn Matt D. , Finlayson Chris E.
Published: October 2020

A three-dimensional goniometric study of thin-film polymer photonic crystals investigates how the chromaticity of structural color is correlated to structural ordering. Characterization of chromaticity and the angular properties of structural color are presented in terms of CIE 1931 color spaces. We examine the viewing angle dependency of the Bragg scattering cone relative to sample symmetry planes, and our results demonstrate how increased ordering influences angular scattering width and anisotropy. Understanding how the properties of structural color can be quantified and manipulated has significant implications for the manufacture of functional photonic crystals in sensors, smart fabrics, coatings, and other optical device applications.
Sub-60-GHz power-efficient fronthaul system of up to 16-Gbps using RF carriers generated from a gain-switched VCSEL
Authors: Karembera Reinhard , Censur Chrispine , Gibbon Tim
Published: October 2020

Future fronthaul wireless networks will be more competitive and attractive if they can use power- and cost-efficient transmitter systems to realize both extended reach and enhanced network capacity. Photonic generation of high-frequency RF carrier signals is currently considered an attractive technique. The laser gain-switching technique for photonic generation of high-frequency RF carrier signals has attracted great interest recently and is a cost-efficient scheme. Vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) are power-efficient optical sources requiring bias currents below 10-mA. The use of VCSELs for gain-switched optical frequency comb generation has proven to be attractive in the term of power-efficiency. However, the data transmission performance of these gain-switched VCSEL optical frequency combs are yet to be demonstrated. In this paper, for the first time to our knowledge, we numerically demonstrated that RF carrier signals generated from a gain-switched VCSEL optical frequency comb can support up to16-Gbps error-free data transmission over fiber length beyond 20-km. A 56-GHz RF carrier signal was amplitude-modulated with 10- and 16.3-Gbps data before error-free transmission over 20.5-km of standard single mode fibers. Transmission penalties of 2- and 7-dB were recorded at 10- and 16.3-Gbps, respectively, at receiver sensitivities below -17-dBm.
Tuning the optical response in sputtered multilayered metal-dielectric thin films
Authors: Briones Joel , Briones Edgar
Published: October 2020

The authors demonstrate both experimentally and numerically the high tunability that can be achieved in the optical response of sputtered multilayered metal-dielectric thin films. The wavelength dependence of both the transmission and reflectance is analyzed in terms of the geometrical parameters of transparent heterostructures consisting of alternating layers of Ag and SiO2. It is shown that these parameters can be adjusted to induce either a pass-band or a band-gap behavior in the visible range in a submicronic multilayered film.
#UsToo: A Musical Comedy about Sexual Assault and Harassment
Authors: Wade Cameron
Published: October 2020

#UsToo debuted at the 39th Annual Conference of the North American Drama Therapy Association. It was written and performed by the author as an autoethnographic therapeutic theatre performance investigating her experiences with sexual assault and harassment perpetrated by members of the drama therapy community. This article includes an annotated version of the script with a discussion on form, content, aesthetic choices and embodiment. This article concludes with a synthesis of authorial learnings and outcomes throughout the devising, rehearsal and performance processes.
Challenges and strategies delivering group drama therapy via telemental health: Action research using inductive thematic analysis
Authors: Wood Laura L. , White Savannah , Gervais Danielle , Owen Meghan , Moore Sarah , Boylan Zaira , Cosby Olivia , Ansted Jennifer , Capitman Jamila , Ciempa Travis , Dumar Frances , Michel Abby
Published: October 2020

When ‘shelter in place’ orders in Massachusetts went into effect during the COVID-19 pandemic, a dramatic increase occurred in the utilization of telemental health services, forcing clinicians to have to adapt their work online. This participatory action research (PAR) using inductive thematic analysis (ITA) explored challenges and recommendations in conducting group drama therapy via telehealth. Results included three broad themes: (1) technology literacy, (2) unique social justice dynamics and (3) translating drama therapy processes successfully online. Additionally, an overarching theme emerged that indicated drama therapy may be well suited to online group telemental health.
Reclaiming the body and restoring a bodily self in drama therapy: A case study of sensory-focused Trauma-Centred Developmental Transformations for survivors of father–daughter incest
Authors: Willemsen Marc
Published: October 2020

Survivors of father–daughter incest often suffer from complex trauma and sensory insensitivity, making it difficult to decipher the sensations in the body and experience body ownership, self-location and agency. This case study illustrates how sensory focused, Trauma-Centred Developmental Transformations can help restore or develop a bodily self, desensitize fear-based schemas, revise deeply buried beliefs and extend repertoire.
Building empathic connections: Playback Theatre with adolescents
Authors: Reagan Tim
Published: October 2020

Playback Theatre (PT) training with youth may be uniquely suited to enable the development of healthy pro-social behaviour amongst adolescents. In this study, 22 participants who were engaged in the Keep the Peace Leadership Program (KPLP), a PT initiative addressing themes of bullying perpetration and victimization, were interviewed about their experience. Qualitative findings were translated into an ethnodramatic play entitledPhoenix Risingto illuminate how PT fostered dialogue about different kinds of bullying.
Creative Arts Therapies and the LGBTQ Community: Theory and Practice, Brianna MacWilliam, Brian Harris, Dana Trottier and Kristin Long (eds) (2019)
Authors: Sayre Dana
Published: October 2020

Review of: Creative Arts Therapies and the LGBTQ Community: Theory and Practice, Brianna MacWilliam, Brian Harris, Dana Trottier and Kristin Long (eds) (2019)

Philadelphia, PA: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 284 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-78592-796-6, p/bk, $34.95
Action Explorations: Using Psychodramatic Methods in Non-Therapeutic Settings, Adam Blatner (ed.) (2019)
Authors: Witherspoon Hollis
Published: October 2020

Review of: Action Explorations: Using Psychodramatic Methods in Non-Therapeutic Settings, Adam Blatner (ed.) (2019)

Seattle, WA: Parallax Productions, 366 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-73355-200-4, p/bk, $21.95
Dramatherapy for Borderline Personality Disorder: Empowering and Nurturing People through Creativity, Nicky Morris (2018)
Authors: Sherlock Belinda
Published: October 2020

Review of: Dramatherapy for Borderline Personality Disorder: Empowering and Nurturing People through Creativity, Nicky Morris (2018)

Oxford and New York: Routledge, 162 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-13828-591-0, p/bk, £27.99
Ludic guilt, paidian joy: Killing and ecocriticism in the theHunter series
Authors: Felczak Mateusz
Published: October 2020

This article seeks to explore the digital hunting games genre, in particular thetheHunterfranchise, using the interpretative framework based on Roger Caillois’ concepts of paidia and ludus. It is argued that both of these notions are represented in the gameplay, narrative structure and graphical user interface of the analysed titles, effectively working towards reconciliation of the possible ecocritical and hunting-focused readings. The article interprets thetheHuntergames by juxtaposing the divergent stances towards environmental awareness and hunting culture, in the form in which they are communicated both in the games and within the communities of players.
Investigating psychological causes and consequences of playing in online gaming communities: The roles of offline and clan-based need satisfaction
Authors: Reer Felix , Krämer Nicole C.
Published: October 2020

Studies found that using digital media can satisfy the needs for competence, autonomy and relatedness, contributing to well-being and enjoyment. Further, need satisfaction in daily life has been identified as a background factor that may influence the intensity of media usage, as well as the psychological outcomes connected to it. Considering both perspectives, the current analysis investigates the causes and consequences of playing in online gaming communities. Specifically, we examine persistent groups of players (‘clans’) formed in the context of the online first-person shooter game Counter-Strike. Based on an online survey among 585 clan players, structural equation modelling shows that need satisfaction in clans relates to increases in clan engagement, increases in positive affect and decreases in negative affect. Further, players with deficits in day-to-day need satisfaction show increased engagement in their clan, but also experience more negative affect and less need satisfaction in their clans.
Facebook’s social VR: So many virtual worlds, so little time
Authors: Johnson Phylis
Published: October 2020

Review of: Facebook’s social VR: So many virtual worlds, so little time

Oculus Connect 6 San Jose, CA, 25–26 September 2019, Occulus and Facebook
Gender differences in theory-based predictors of physical activity in university students with disabilities
Authors:   Departament d’Educació Física i Esportiva. Universitat de València, València, Spain, Úbeda-Colomer Joan , Devís-Devís José ,   Departament d’Educació Física i Esportiva. Universitat de València, València, Spain, Martin Ginis Kathleen A. ,   School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Canada,   International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Canada,   Department of Medicine, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of British Columbia, Canada
Published: October 2020

University students with disabilities engage in physical activity to a lesser extent than their able-bodied peers, with women reporting less physical activity than men. The present study aimed to examine gender differences in theory-based predictors of physical activity in this population. Spanish university students with different disabilities (n = 1076) completed measures of the Theory of Planned Behaviour constructs and the reduced Spanish version of the Barriers to Physical Activity Questionnaire for People with Mobility Impairments. Self-efficacy and controllability were significantly lower in women and gender differences on the barriers predicting controllability were obtained. In conclusion, the present results could be useful in order to implement physical activity behaviour change interventions which differently target men and women with disabilities.
Estudo sobre a organização do trabalho pedagógico em uma escola pública municipal: Evidências das formas de controle e de sua determinação política
Authors: Penna Marieta Gouvêa de Oliveira , Marin Alda Junqueira
Published: October 2020

Apresenta-se resultado de pesquisa que tem por objetivo investigar facetas das formas de realização do trabalho pedagógico escolar, atentando-se para os sentidos, processos, dinâmicas e relações. Investigam-se a hierarquia, a divisão das tarefas, e a ocorrência, ou não, de trabalho coletivo. O foco recai nas relações institucionais estabelecidas entre professores e a equipe de gestão. A pesquisa foi realizada em escola pública municipal de educação básica da Grande São Paulo, que atende crianças da educação infantil de três a cinco anos, e dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com o diretor, a coordenadora e duas  professoras engajadas na proposta da escola. Apoia-se em Ball, com foco nas relações de poder e diversidade das metas que pautam o fazer pedagógico. Adota-se a perspectiva de investigação microanalítica das práticas educativas escolares, tal como exposto por Lima, e as formas de dominação tal como estabelecido por Weber. As análises das estratégias estabelecidas pela equipe de gestão mostraram que a escola pesquisada funciona tanto como uma organização burocrática quanto como uma anarquia organizada. Notou-se a existência de resistências por parte dos professores quanto às propostas estabelecidas pela equipe de gestão, evidenciando disputas ideológicas e disputas por interesses presentes em seu cotidiano.