bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Agriculture 4.0 and Bioeconomy
Authors: Wernicke Immo H.
Published: May 2022

The article is being addressed to politicians, academics, media, and managers less familiar with the concepts Agriculture 4.0 and bioeconomy launched by the European Union and the German government for promoting research and development and the implementation of digital technologies and bio-based innovations in the agricultural sector. The programs upgrade the traditional common agricultural policy and enlarge the legal and institutional framework of the Acquis Communautaire. Millions of agricultural holdings in Europe are encouraged to use biomass, renewable energies, digital innovations, and high-tech machinery provided under the label of Industry 4.0. The strategies aim to achieve sustainable growth and competitiveness in agriculture, to secure self-sufficiency in food and energy production in Europe and to cover the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations.
Agricultural Trade and Quality of Nutrition
Authors: Chaunina Elena , Korsheva Inna
Published: May 2022

Proper nutrition is not only a biological but also a social, economic, and political issue. Insufficient intake of essential elements may result in the occurrence of hidden hunger and metabolic disorders. Some regions of the world are characterized by a lack of certain nutrients in the environment which leads to their lack in plant and animal products. The most common problem is a deficiency of iodine and selenium. To solve this problem, the government takes various measures, such as direct inclusion of necessary additives in food products, as well as the modernization of technological process of crop and livestock production. In this chapter, the authors analyze the provision of the population in various countries and regions with limiting nutrients. The study specifically aims at exploring the issues of production and trade in fortified (modified) food products that can directly fill in the lack of essential elements in particular territories.
Implications of Land Grabbing on Sustainable Food Systems
Authors: Ogbe Agatha Osivweneta , Edewor Sarah Edore
Published: May 2022

Land is one of the most valuable assets required for agricultural production. In Africa, smallholder agricultural producers are faced with a lot of challenges that have highly impacted on productivity and sustainable food systems. The global demand for agricultural land for food and bio-fuel production has increasingly led to the emergence of land grabbing after the 2007-08 food price crisis. The rural poor are the victim of land grabbing as they are faced with declining farmlands, low income generation, and loss of livelihood activities. These have affected the food security status of the rural poor as farmlands are taken from them. The proponents of land grabbing revealed that developing countries are expected to benefit from investments inflow on grabbed land, development of infrastructure, increased income generation, and job creation. They argue that investment in agriculture is necessary to stimulate agricultural production; however, this situation has brought negative effects as most investors failed to keep their end of the transaction on land acquisition deals.
Women Land Rights and Food Security Status of Farming Households in Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Adepoju Abimbola O. , Adewole Rahman A.
Published: May 2022

The dominance of men in decision-making processes and leadership positions within the communities has made land allocation, land use, and control skewed in favour of men. This study examined the effects of women's land rights on households' food security status using a sample of 300 representative farmers. Descriptive statistics, household food expenditure, logistic regression, and ordered logit models were the analytical tools used. Results revealed that about 35% of the rural women farmers had land use rights while the remaining 65% had land ownership rights. Women with ownership rights were more food secure, with the majority of the women having residual rights, while only a few had sell rights. Secure women land rights are germane to achieving and sustaining household and national food security. Strategies and instruments for protecting women rights should be developed and implemented, while efforts geared towards designing strategies, assessing multiple dimensions of women empowerment for improved food security status, and welfare of the households should be intensified.
Impact of Rural-Urban Migration on the Food Consumption Pattern of Farming Households in Ibadan/Ibarapa Agricultural Zone of Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Sowunmi Fatai Abiola , Adeduntan Funmi Lydia
Published: May 2022

The study examined the impact of rural-urban migration on the food consumption pattern of farming households. The study revealed that 73.8% of the households had migrants, while 80.2% of the migrants were male. The highest level of education of most of the migrants was secondary school (71.4%). The study showed that the major reason (63.3%) for migration was for job. The average remittance sent per year was ₦108,119.14. The study revealed that household expenditure on carbohydrate food group accounted for 54.4% of the total households' expenditure on food. The average dietary diversity indices for the migrant (0.345) and non-migrant (0.346) households were low. The study revealed that migration (short and long term) positively influenced per capita food expenditure of respondent. Despite the remittance from some of the migrants, the need to develop the rural areas in terms of provision of basic infrastructures by government is imperative in order to reduce rural-urban migration.
Agriculture Business Problems
Authors: Strang Kenneth David , Che Ferdinand Ndifor , Vajjhala Narasimha Rao
Published: May 2022

Researchers need to investigate global life-threatening problems tied to agriculture such as food insecurity and malnutrition pandemics. This chapter reviews empirical fact-based state-of-the-art literature underlying the agri-business adoption barriers and the agriculture food insecurity crises. The authors focus their effort on identifying the hot spots of global agriculture problems, in developing nations. They use critical analysis to identify the most pressing issues and controversies surrounding West Africa. They then explore empirical literature suggesting possible remedies and future research needs to resolve the agriculture problems, in a way that these concepts would generalize globally and be of interest to other scholars. They produce several conceptual models to assist future agriculture research scholars including keyword thematic diagrams, cross-case subject analysis, topic contingency analysis, and literature topic synthesis. They then focus on probable solutions and they create several conceptual models to summarize those. They close with recommendations for future research.
Microbes as Sustainable Biofertilizers
Authors: M. Halima , Unnikrishnan Sneha , Ramalingam Karthikeyan
Published: May 2022

Across the globe, in both developed and developing countries, wheat provides the fundamental support for all other important foods. However, due to climate change, environmental stress, soil infertility, etc., the yield of wheat is affected. To overcome these issues, biofertilizers are recommended. They are eco-friendly, cost-efficient, and affordable by marginal farmers too when compared with chemical fertilizers. Biofertilizers are made up of living microorganisms that colonize the rhizosphere to promote plant yield and prevent plant disease. Pesticide degrading strains of bacteria are emerging as the best technique to overcome the negative effect of pesticides. Due to insufficient awareness among farmers, agricultural land and crops are cultivated through chemical fertilizers, which became a major threat to human health and agriculture. On the other hand, the government is implementing several measures in marketing bio-fertilizers for the betterment of agriculture and human health. In this chapter, the significance and future perspectives of biofertilizers have been covered.
Emerging Technological Model to Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Kuppusamy Palanivel , Shanmugananthan Suganthi , Tomar Pradeep
Published: May 2022

The agricultural sector has witnessed significant technological transformations over the last few decades. The state-of-the-art technologies are transforming the traditional agriculture models into digital agriculture. From these technologies, conventional agriculture has evolved and shifted towards a smart agriculture system. In a smart agriculture system, farmers can collect and analyze the collected data to fertilize and tend their crops. The smart agriculture system provides economical and more accurate ways to predict and protect crop growth. The incorporation of these technologies digitalizes the agricultural industry by increasing profits, reducing waste, improving efficiency, and becoming sustainable. This chapter aims to study the state-of-the-art technologies used in the agriculture sector and proposes a smart agriculture model using these technologies.
Prospects, Challenges, and Policy Directions for Food Security in India-Africa Agricultural Trade
Authors: Ghosh Ishita , Chakrabarti Sukalpa , Ghoshal Ishita
Published: May 2022

This chapter focusses on the agricultural and investment potential between Sub-Saharan Africa and India, in order to combat food insecurity. There is much scope for meaningful collaboration with governments and public-private partnerships, which could be instrumental in reducing hunger and poverty and managing the adverse effects of climate change. Increasing inclusivity, devising sustainable land-holding policies, incentivizing exporters, knowledge sharing in terms of technology and expertise will also boost employability, production and trade potential. Moreover, effective financial and technical cooperation between India and the African countries may be the key to achieving the desired synergies that will bring about positive changes towards ensuring food security.
Hydrochemistry of Polluted Surface Water
Authors: Gladchi Viorica , Bunduchi Elena , Blonschi Vladislav , Romanciuc Lidia
Published: May 2022

Surface water is one of the most significant sources of natural ecosystems existence, climate regulation, broadly used for economic activity, drinking water supply, recreation, irrigation, etc. Therefore, chemical composition and grade of water pollution are of great importance to evaluate the ecological state of water resources and their usage in different scopes. The chapter represents the complex study of water chemical composition and pollution of the Dniester River basin within the borders of the Republic of Moldova during 2015-2020. The following water bodies were selected for this purpose: Dniester River and its tributaries Răut and Ichel. Based on the traditional hydrochemical parameters, the grade of water pollution with biogenic substances and biodegradable and persistent organic matter was estimated. The tributaries contribution to the Dniester River's water chemical composition formation was analyzed.
Assessment of Water Quality of Indian Rivers
Authors: Rana Vivek , Dublish Garima , Vidyarthi Ajit Kumar
Published: May 2022

Magh Mela, held from 14th Jan. to 11th Mar. 2021, is an important yearly ritual held on the bank of river Ganga in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh. River Ganga is the longest and most sacred river of India. It originates in the Western Himalayas in the State of Uttarakhand and traverses a distance of approximately 2525 km through the states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand before meeting the Bay of Bengal in West Bengal. Magh Mela involves a holy dip (bathing) by pilgrims in the River Ganga at Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh. To maintain the water quality of River Ganga during Magh Mela, the water quality of its tributaries/sub-tributaries was assessed. Among monitored rivers, Dhela was found to be the most polluted. Rivers Dhela and Bahela impacted the water quality of rivers Ramganga and Kosi, respectively. Moreover, the discharge of wastewater from drains, namely Pachhana drain and Dhandi drain (discharged into river Dhela) and Rampur drain (discharged into river Kosi), impacted the water quality of rivers.
Natural Reserves of Water on Earth
Authors: Kumar Rajendra , Mathur Shruti
Published: May 2022

The fact that the United Nations has realized the importance of safe drinking water as SDG6 imposes a great responsibility on man to urgently realize the ways and means of conserving water in its natural reserves in pristine form. The chapter describes the geography and geology of sources of water emphasizing their role in the preservation of water in nature. It also suggests ways and means of reducing the ‘water footprint' so that people participate in choosing optimal and judicious patterns for using water.
Impact of the Polar Ice Caps Melting on Ecosystems and Climates
Authors: Barua Ranjit , Bardhan Nibedita , Banerjee Debasish
Published: May 2022

Research shows that the polar ice caps are rapidly melting at places. Presently, the melting ice caps are having a huge impact on the Earth's ecosystem, which leads to unpredictable disasters. Regional warming and melting ice caps are the reason for the imbalanced ecosystem, which results in rising sea levels, uncertain floods, fluctuating seawater temperature leading to the different storms like tornado, cyclone, etc. The number of glaciers in the Antarctic Peninsula and the Arctic region is gradually declining, and therefore, the harmony of the biodiversity is affected. Melting ice caps are becoming life-threatening for the habitats and also related to upcoming climate change. Therefore, it will create various difficulties on human civilization, flora and fauna, and the economy which will affect the food chain. In this chapter, the authors give a detailed discussion about the impact of melting ice caps on the ecosystem and the reason for it along with the measures that should be taken to reduce this emerging problem.
Faith as a Component of Well-Being
Authors: Kroll Tobias Alf , Jimenez Rosalinda R. , Baronia Regina B. , Faltinek Amy , Gomez Michael
Published: May 2022

This chapter will discuss the importance of spirituality and religiosity for well-being of stakeholders in higher education, particularly of students. It will be argued that young adults are at a crucial juncture in their lives where old certainties are falling away with the individual attempt to forge a new path for themselves. This journey is fraught with uncertainty, particularly under the conditions of late/post-modernity where the seeker has to navigate competing truths and the ever-looming threat of absurdity, for example, the disconnection between the urgency of making good use of our limited lifespan and the apparent arbitrariness of every possible path. A group meditation and encounter format will be outlined that aims at giving students (or other stakeholders) a safe framework to explore their own meaning-making processes and grounds them in an existential attitude called faith.
University Crisis Leadership Through Caring
Authors: Hendrickson Kenny A. , Francis Kula A.
Published: May 2022

With the steadily increasing occurrence of disasters (natural and man-made), university crisis leadership has become a staple discussion in higher education. This chapter puts forward caring as an important element of university crisis leadership, based on stakeholders' observations and perceptions. In addition to a literature review, an account of an empirical study is given on perceived relationships between caring administrative leadership and authentic academic caring. The study was completed at the University of the Virgin Islands (UVI) in the aftermath of Hurricanes Irma and Maria. Data was collected from a convenience sample of university students (n=210). An exploratory quantitative research design was used. Through correlation analysis, associations were found between points of UVI's academic caregiving (e.g., operations, colleges/schools, and instruction), and caring administrative leadership. The findings spotlight qualities of academic caring that should be exhibited by university administrative leaders in the event of a crisis.
Wellness and Leadership in Higher Education
Authors: Lubbungu Jive , Moonga Ireen , Muyuni Audrey , Chola Daniel K.
Published: May 2022

This chapter examines some of the most widely accepted leadership styles deployed in Zambian colleges and their impact on employee well-being outcomes such as employee stress, well-being, productivity, turnover, and absenteeism. The leadership styles assessed include transactional, laissez-faire, autocratic, authoritarian, and transformational leadership. Qualitative comparative design is used to capture and understand the interplay between leadership styles and organisational well-being. The chapter will explain at length the advantages of more relational leadership styles (i.e., transformational leadership) in terms of reduced stress, turnover, and absenteeism in Zambian colleges of education.
Virtual Chat and Chew
Authors: Jones Shannon D. , Bartley Kelsa , Murphy Beverly , Nelson Tamara M. , Weeks Aidy , Williams Jamia J.
Published: May 2022

During the COVID-19 pandemic, members of the African American Medical Librarians Alliance (AAMLA) Caucus of the Medical Library Association formed a weekly virtual forum known as the “Chat & Chew.” The purpose of these weekly check-ins was to build community and provide support amidst a series of unprecedented health crises adversely affecting Black Americans, including the coronavirus pandemic and the long-standing issue of police killings and brutality. In coming together for these weekly check-ins, group participants benefited by actively practicing self-care and exchanging ideas and information with colleagues across the country. Each gathering incorporated various presentations and discussions, including topics related to self-care and wellness, microaggressions and stigmatization in the workplace, virtual technologies, plant care, book discussions, and opportunities to engage in diversity, equity, and inclusion work. This chapter provides successes for member engagement and best practices that made the program sustainable throughout 2020 and beyond.
Academic Vocabulary as a Measure of School Readiness
Authors: Knabe Melina L. , Lazaroff Emma , Vlach Haley A.
Published: May 2022

Researchers have historically focused on characterizing vocabulary development in infants and toddlers. However, less is known about the vocabulary composition of children entering formal schooling. The authors propose that a critical next step in understanding school readiness is to characterize the academic vocabulary of children entering kindergarten. These assessments should identify knowledge of words used in general academic discourse and specific domains (e.g., science). This chapter outlines initial steps taken by the authors to identify children's science vocabulary around the age of school entry. Furthermore, the complexity of vocabulary assessment is illustrated via a discussion of vocabulary development in dual-language learners. Understanding the words that children can produce at various stages of development will help determine whether children are ready for school and inform interventions that target word knowledge. Indeed, focusing on children's vocabulary presents an exciting new opportunity to integrate developmental science with real-world educational settings.
Nature-Based Learning Settings and the Transition to Formal Schooling
Authors: Yiğit-Gençten Vahide
Published: May 2022

Nature plays a crucial role in terms of supporting children's overall development, and the need for integrating nature with mainstream education and extending nature-based education to primary grades has consequently become a necessity. This chapter examines the literature surrounding nature-based education in early years and primary education. The role of nature in teaching and learning in early years education will be explored from a socio-cultural perspective. This will include the importance of using natural settings and integrating these settings into indoor learning environments and nature's power in terms of facilitating the transition to formal schooling. The roots of nature-based pedagogy will be explored through the arguments of different theorists within the chapter. It will also be discussed that enhanced learning, awareness, and understanding in the early years can maximize young children's experiences and that consistent practices between early years and primary education can facilitate the transition process.
The Role of Arts and Music in Early Childhood Education
Authors: Makridis Christos A. , Guan Kathleen , Ludington Evan Rey , Hopkins Michael , Parassidis Soula
Published: May 2022

This chapter surveys the literature on the quantitative effects of early childhood arts and music education on childhood development. First, the authors establish a theoretical framework that explains the potential role of arts and music education, focusing on its effects on three mechanisms behind childhood development: (1) habit formation, (2) brain development, and (3) socialization. Second, they discuss available evidence in each of these areas, focusing on causal experiments and the importance of reaching children early in their development. Third, they explore the role of technology as a mediating force behind childhood development and provide suggestions for how technology can be used to accelerate and improve the learning process for children in years to come.
Pursuing Excellence and Equity in Education
Authors: Heuston Benjamin
Published: May 2022

In 1976 Dr. Dustin Heuston founded Waterford.org to pursue a dream of equity and excellence in education. This chapter details four key principles that are necessary to achieving that dream: (1) the education system needs to be rearchitected around the individual learner, which will require significant amounts of additional work to accomplish; (2) digital technology has unique properties that qualify it for providing that work; (3) early literacy is necessary for equity as it is a foundational skill for success in school and life; and (4) true equity requires starting in the home and partnering with parents to ensure that all children arrive at school ready to learn. Waterford Upstart is an innovative solution that was developed around these principles and helps achieve these school readiness goals, as evidenced by rigorous research. This has important policy implications for states looking to improve equity and excellence in education.
Open Innovation
Authors: Inês Ana , Hespanha Maria , Leite Mariana , Pires Patrícia , Moreira António Carrizo
Published: May 2022

Open innovation practices are recurrent in the business environment due to resource and technology limitations in most companies. The search for complementary resources, especially among SMEs, begins to be a current practice due to the possibility of resorting to partnerships and collaborative processes. Thus, through a case study analysis of a Portuguese SME based in Aveiro, Portugal, it was possible to analyze the innovation process and the adoption of open innovation practices in this SME. Through a qualitative study, it was possible to understand the importance of SMEs in the Portuguese business fabric, as they increasingly seek to apply innovative processes in their processes. However, the case analyzed reveals that open innovation may involve an inter-organizational partnership where the company analyzed uses an intermediate model of open innovation, since it does not sell surplus technology, internalizing only external resources. This case study serves as a teaching case as well as a pedagogic tool.
Urban Violence and Peacekeeping Mechanisms in West Africa
Authors: Aluko Opeyemi Idowu
Published: May 2022

Violence is ubiquitous among nations of the world. This includes Africa and other developing nations. The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) has its fair share of the menace. ECOWAS's quest for the development and security of its member state is in jeopardy due to various prolong episodes of urban violence. The central question this chapter seeks to address to what extent ECOWAS has achieved success in its plight for political and economic security and development in the region. Afro barometer database six data are analysed, while four countries, including Nigeria, Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire, and Togo, are selected purposively based on colonial heritage. The chapter concludes that violence has hindered the level of development in West Africa, and drastic measures are needed to achieve success.
Traditional Governance Systems and Reform
Authors: Tshishonga Ndwakhulu Stephen , Sithole Martin
Published: May 2022

This chapter interrogates the traditional leadership system and its operation in advancing and/or undermining development in Africa. Although this chapter traces the history of traditional leadership from the pre-colonial, colonial, and post-colonial and apartheid era, emphasis is on the dynamics and nature of traditional leadership post-colonial period. The central argument of this chapter is that conflicts between traditional and democratic leaders arise over political legitimacy, access to resources, and reformation of traditional institutions to play a more democratic and developmental role. Case studies of various African countries (e.g., Kenya, Botswana, Nigeria, South Africa) have been selected to deliberate on the nature and dynamics of the traditional leadership system, with particular emphasis on its reformation.
Public Procurement and Stakeholders
Authors: Peel Clayton , Hamalwa Anna Mwadina , Kaisara Godwin
Published: May 2022

This chapter discusses Namibia's procurement procedures by the public sector, which mirrors most sub-Saharan African countries. Concerns about flaws in these processes are discussed considering the Government of the Republic of Namibia's own revamp of how public entities procure goods and services. The authors assert that a greater commitment to consultations among all stakeholders, including public users, would create a collaborative environment where there is satisfaction with product efficiency and the credibility of the processes. The suppliers contracted would further help ensure a corrupt-free procurement process that meets international standards of practice and contributes to prudent and accountable governance.
Modelling of Active Magnetic Regenerative Refrigeration System Performance by New Approaches
Authors: Meddeb Zina
Published: May 2022

This work aimed to study the coefficient of performance (COP) of an active magnetic regenerative refrigeration (AMRR) system by new analytical approaches of magnetic work Wm(B,x,y) and magnetocaloric effect MCE (T,B). Those approaches were applied to a permanent magnet magnetic refrigerator. The studied refrigeration system consisted of four regenerators, each of which was formed by parallel plates of gadolinium, a circulation pump, a rotating magnet, and two heat exchangers. The heat transfer fluids used were water and gallium. A resolution of the continuity equation, the amount of movement equation, and the heat equation were carried out in order to study the temperature profile in both the regenerator and the fluid. Furthermore, the authors deduced the temperatures at the inlet and the outlet of the heat exchangers in order to establish a thermal balance.
Health-Oriented Leadership in Healthcare
Authors: Burnett Claire E. , Drose Cooper , Fletcher Keaton A.
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this chapter is to explore a model of health-oriented leadership in which healthcare leaders' attitudes and cognitions precipitate their health-oriented leadership behaviors and ultimately impact frontline healthcare workers' health and well-being. To better understand these relationships, this chapter will explore this model at different levels of specificity of leadership including general (e.g., transformational), specific (e.g., health-oriented), and targeted (e.g., sleep). The authors separately examine the ways in which healthcare leaders' health-oriented attitudes, cognitions, and behaviors can impact followers' health and well-being. In doing so, they highlight that internal antecedents (e.g., attitudes and cognitions) are necessary precursors for effective health-oriented leadership behaviors. Then they provide recommendations for research and practice based on the model and the current state of the literature in order to better their understanding of health-oriented leadership while simultaneously improving the health and wellness of frontline healthcare workers.
How the Prevalence of Work Stress Influences the Quality of Life and Performance of Hospital Employees
Authors: Tyagi Navneesh , Tyagi Preeti
Published: May 2022

Recently the COVID-19 pandemic has very clearly revealed the enormous challenges and risks our healthcare workers are facing globally while working in difficult situations. They are more prone to make mistakes which can lead to harmful effects on them and their patients leading to work stress which has become a part of their daily lives. A dearth of studies has examined this concept in an organizational context as it affects an individual's life and work. This study is examining the influence of work stress on employee performance and quality of life of healthcare workers. Data collected from employees of selected hospitals with the help of a structured questionnaire were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Findings of correlation and regression analysis revealed a significant positive influence of the work stress on employee performance and quality of life.
Sustainable Transportation in Western Europe
Authors: Afedzie Richard , Owiredu Alexander , Yeboah Isaac
Published: May 2022

This chapter presents a literature review of the evolution of sustainable transportation in Western Europe. It examines the historical development in sustainable transportation and the way forward for future sustainable transportation models and strategies. It reviews the sustainable practices of 12 Western European nations and their contributions to reducing the impact of global environmental degradation. The choice of these 12 nations is based on sustainable progress in enhancing environmentally friendly means of mobility. The literature reveals that the emphasis on sustainable transportation system in Western European nations is worthy of discussion primarily because of the dramatic improvement attained in reducing emission of carbon dioxide. This chapter also aims to identify some of the applied policy instruments and the monitoring processes enacted in several of these European nations.
The Economic Impact of COVID-19 in the Air Transportation Industry
Authors: Perez Rafael , Camargo Ana Cecilia
Published: May 2022

Public policy design plays a significant role in alleviating the economic effects caused by this pandemic in local economies across the globe. This chapter suggests the use of input-output analysis (IO) to provide guidelines to stakeholders and policy makers in the air transportation sector to address economic concerns during the pandemic and in the post-pandemic era. IO is helpful in estimating the economic effects of COVID-19 pandemic in the air transportation sector and allows to estimate its impact on other economic sectors in a local economy. Output, value added, employment, and personal income are the variables estimated through IO. The chapter applies IO technique to evaluate the economic impact of COVID-19 on the air transportation sector in Austin, Texas. Impact estimates suggest a total loss of $1.02 billion USD in Austin MSA's economy in 2020; the number of jobs lost are estimated at 3.87 thousand and the total loss in personal income at $229.97 million USD in Austin MSA in 2020. Lastly, the value-added loss in Austin MSA is estimated at $514.20 USD in 2020.
European Low-Cost Airlines in Ukraine
Authors: Rutynskyi Mykhailo , Kushniruk Halyna
Published: May 2022

This chapter is devoted to the issue of entry and activity of European low-cost airlines in the Ukrainian market. Ukraine, with the largest territory and population in Eastern Europe, is an important partner of European countries. The rapid development of air transportation between Ukraine and European countries in the 21st century is based on two factors: 1) high tourist interest in the historical and cultural heritage of Europe and 2) communication of migrant workers, the number of which is steadily growing. The authors reveal the specifics of the entry and development by European airlines of market niches of low-cost transportation in Ukraine in 2008-2021. In particular, the activities of airlines are considered: Ryanair, Wizz Air, German Wings, Meridiana, Ernest Airlines, Vueling Airlines, AegeanAir, Air Baltic, Austrian Airlines, and others. The activity of European low-cost carriers in the number of flights and directions of passenger transportation in Ukraine is evaluated.
Transformation of Human Capital of Air Transport in the Post-COVID-19 Era
Authors: Shkoda Tetiana , Gernego Iuliia
Published: May 2022

Air transport traditionally plays a critical role in the maintenance of converting human potential benefits into significant social and economic effects. However, the COVID-19 crisis influences air transport reduction, causing losses of jobs and human capital capacities. Thereby, the main problems that need to be solved are air transport human capital management and financial support, providing background for its transformation in the post-COVID-19 era. Both theoretical and applied approaches to human capital and its role for air transport development are defined. The chapter is based on indicators and financial determinants of human capital development. The current research purpose is to consider the availability and potential for human capital of air transport transformation, considering the example of Ukrainian economy in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. Thus, this chapter provides a possible direction for further studying the post-COVID-19 impact on the transformation of human capital on air transport.
Nanoemulsion Formulations in Targeted Delivery of Cancer Therapeutics
Authors: Kishore Shristi , Kumar Shradha A. , Roy Tridib , Bhardwaj Abhaya , Malik Sumira
Published: May 2022

The prime concern in the treatment of cancers is the delivery of therapeutic agents to the targeted tumor sites. High lipophilicity, low bioavailability, and non-specific toxicity of drugs have raised major challenges in the treatment of cancer. Nanoemulsions are the heterogeneous system of particles that have proven their credibility in the field of nanotechnology. Due to the presence of a hydrophobic core, small size, and high stability, oil-in-water nanoemulsions have the potential to revolutionize conventional cancer therapy. The remarkable properties of nanoemulsions including encapsulation of poorly soluble drugs, acquisition of specific toxicity to targeted tumor cells, and overcoming multidrug resistance (MDR) have proven beneficial in the treatment of different types of cancers. Currently, various nanoemulsion formulations are under experimentations and trials for testing their efficiency and safety in the clinical treatment of cancers. The chapter aims to describe current applications of nanoemulsions in the targeted delivery of anti-cancer therapeutics.
Learning Design Based on Personal Paths and Learning Sequences for Activation, Development, and Closure in Teaching
Authors: Salinas Jesús , de-Benito Barbara , Darder Antònia
Published: May 2022

This chapter focuses on the representation of flexible learning paths and teaching sequences with concept maps. It is based on the concept of the teacher as a learning designer and the flexibility and personalization of the learning process through student-centered strategies. Examples of concept maps based on two categories of representation are shown: 1) the learning path to be followed by the students (teacher's perspective) and 2) the student's personal learning path. Thus, supported by previous research on university teaching strategies, learning paths, and learning sequences, some examples are presented according to the three moments of intervention (activation, development, and closure) and the cyclical model of self-regulated learning (planning, execution, and self-reflection). In this way, concept maps are shown to be a powerful tool to represent personal learning paths and to enhance teaching-learning processes.
Formative Assessment Through Linguistic Mediation and Online Interaction
Authors: Álvarez Miguel Fernández
Published: May 2022

This chapter focuses on the new conceptualization of linguistic mediation and online interaction as presented in Common European Framework of Reference (CFER) Companion Volume (2020) and their role in the process of formative assessment in foreign language teaching. These two concepts are key elements in today's society characterized by globalization and connection with stakeholders in different environments. By the time of graduation, the 21st century student must have acquired a set of skills that were not required in the past, and educators have the responsibility to integrate these skills into their instructional practices and incorporate them into the assessment process. Therefore, assessment should go beyond an achievement test at the end of the semester or school year. It must include authentic assignments and performance-based tasks that students would encounter in real-world situations.
A Case Study on the United Arab Emirates (UAE) as a Digital Economy Exemplar
Authors: Chakravarti Sriya
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this research is to highlight innovative excellence of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Currently, the nation serves as a digital economy exemplar to the rest of the world due to its futuristic thinking, planning, and strategies. In this chapter, the author and her research assistants summarize various United Arab Emirates (UAE) government strategies related to the development of an economy that is based on innovation and technological solutions to address the 21st century challenges. Furthermore, it presents innovative business solutions that are in practice and are lucrative outcomes of these strategies. These ventures are an answer to our post-pandemic world because they are resilient and sustainable. Additionally, these solutions may serve as exemplars of ‘thinking differently'. The research further discusses lessons on innovations that may be teachable to the rest of the world for improving the human living experience and the power of innovation, technology, and digitalization in building profitable smart economies in the post-pandemic era.
Digitalization and Drivers of Innovative Behavior for a Smart Economy in the Post-COVID-19 Era
Authors: Ngugi James Kiarie , Goosen Leila
Published: May 2022

To summarize the content and provide readers with an overview, the purpose of this chapter is stated as investigating digitalization and the drivers of individual innovative behavior (IIB) for a smart economy in the post-COVID-19 era in terms of the effects of information and communication technology (ICT) students' course design characteristics (CDCs) in developing their IIB. Modelling of the mediating effects of knowledge sharing behavior (KSB) and self-regulated learning (SRL) on ICT students' individual and contextual antecedents is also considered.
Diabetes Tracker and Volunteer+ Software Engineering for Sustainability
Authors: Torres Joao , Julio David , Silveira Clara , Reis Leonilde
Published: May 2022

In a world where sustainability is increasingly important, we must look for ways to promote it; the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) fulfill this function. In software engineering, one of the main challenges for the success of a software solution is to achieve sustainability. This chapter introduces the development of two mobile applications on Android: Diabetes Tracker and Volunteer+ that are inspired by the SDGs, incorporating the principles and dimensions of the Karlskrona Manifesto in relation to the software development phases. In this investigation, a customized adaptation of the Scrum agile methodology was used, with a concern to promote software engineering for sustainability. To achieve this end, an iterative approach is used, allowing the principles of the manifesto to be crossed to emphasize the various dimensions of sustainability. The main results can be seen in the applications developed, specifically to facilitate the control of the diabetes disease and promote quality health, as well as enhance the participation of citizens by promoting volunteering.
Natural Products and Their Bioactive Compounds as Chemotherapeutics
Authors: Nagaraj Revathi , Murugesan Sankarganesh , Jeyaraj Dhaveethu Raja
Published: May 2022

Cancer is the second world's deadliest disease. Despite substantial advancements in medical technology for cancer therapies, cancer mortality remains greater than projected, and cancer treatment requires additional study. The research carried out in natural products is due to the presence of bioactive compounds, unique structures, and mechanistic actions. Prevention of drug resistance in chemotherapy is predominant in the usage of anticancer drugs. Clinical chemotherapeutic medicines work by causing cancer cells to die, the majority of which is apoptotic. Another way to combat drug resistance in cancer therapy is circumventing apoptosis by targeting non-apoptotic cell death. The authors discussed in this chapter both apoptotic and non-apoptotic cell death.
Effects of Nigella sativa and Its Active Ingredient Thymoquinone on Breast Cancer
Authors: Hussain Syed Faisal Jahir , Mohammed Adil A.  , Munireddy Durga , Pandurangan Ashok Kumar Kumar
Published: May 2022

Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent malignancy in women. The main treatment for BC is surgery and chemotherapy. Generally, the chemotherapeutic drugs used for treatment cause numerous side effects. Substances derived from natural products have proven to exhibit anti-cancer effects without causing side effects. For instance, biochannin A found in cabbage and cauliflower reduced the growth of estrogen dependent MCF 7 cells. Another example is curcumin present in turmeric exhibits anti-proliferative and inhibitory effect against BC. The active compound of Nigella sativa is thymoquinone. The oil extracted from Nigella sativa reduced blood pressure. Nigella sativa exerts anti-pyritic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial activity. Thymoquinone is found in seeds of Nigella sativa. Thymoquinone is a promising anti-neoplastic, anti-carcinogenic, anti-proliferative agent. In this chapter, the authors emphasize the anticancer potential of Nigella sativa and its derivatives and the mechanism of action against BC.
Flavonoids
Authors: Celik Sefa , Cakir Elif , Akyuz Sevim , Ozel Aysen E.
Published: May 2022

Flavonoids, defined as plant-derived secondary metabolites, have been widely found in nature with more than 10,000 different species, since their discovery. They are divided into subclasses based on the oxidative state of the ring, such as flavones, flavonols, flavanones, isoflavones, flavandiols, dihydroflavonols, and anthocyanidins. They are promising compounds with a wide variety of biological activities including antioxidant, antitumor, antigen-toxicity properties. Furthermore, flavonoids are seen as promising tools in the development of new drug assets, and they have been the subject of studies for the development of high-efficiency formulations for the treatment of a variety of future-threatening diseases. Molecular modeling studies play an important role in identifying the most stable molecular configurations and conformations of these molecules. This chapter focuses on the structural and functional properties of flavonoids, their biological activities, bioavailability, use in cancer, use in the development of new drugs, and molecular modeling studies on these molecules.
Alkaloid Containing Natural Products for Therapeutic Use in Cancer
Authors: Kadir A. K. M. Shafiul , Murugappan Solai
Published: May 2022

The diverse nature of chemotherapeutic agents obtained from natural compounds has led to the uncovering of several novel anti-cancer mechanisms, which are crucial for their spectrum of activity. Alkaloids are a class of organic compounds that have contributed to developing drugs used to treat a wide array of illnesses. Several alkaloids extracted from natural sources have demonstrated anti-cancer properties against various types of cancer when tested using cell culture, preclinical, and clinical studies. Chemotherapeutic compounds obtained and synthesized from natural sources of alkaloids might be the best possible solution for reducing the harmful side effects of currently utilized anti-cancer products. The chapter provides a thorough and critical assessment of naturally occurring alkaloids with anti-cancer properties and an overview of some of the alkaloid-containing natural compounds that have demonstrated significant anti-proliferative activity and progressed to preclinical and/or clinical trials in the context of future drug development for cancer therapy.
eHealth and mHealth-Definitions, Theories, Models, and Applications
Authors: Tamim Suha R. , Danawi Hadi
Published: May 2022

The design of ehealth and mhealth interventions is grounded in interconnected fields, mainly education, health, behavioral psychology, communication, and technology. To provide an overview of these interconnections, this chapter begins with a presentation of key concepts and terms related to elearning, mlearning, ehealth, and mhealth, providing an overview of their definitions and understanding. This is followed by a discussion of ehealth and mhealth theories that shed the light on the factors that prompt health behavior. Next, elearning design principles are explained as they play an important role in the design of interventions. The last section of the chapter addresses ehealth and mhealth spread of use, prominent applications, their benefits, and their challenges.
Genetic Counseling
Authors: Berliner Janice L. , Fitzpatrick Jennifer
Published: May 2022

The genetic counseling (GC) profession has seen exponential growth in recent years, although the core identity of practitioners, focusing on the interpersonal impact of genetics on their clients' lives, remains unchanged. This chapter familiarizes undergraduate career officers and high school guidance counselors with the field, including the professional role of GCs in the North American landscape, the differences between U.S. and Canadian training programs, various clinical and non-clinical practice areas, and existing types of service provision. Typical indications for patient referral and case vignettes are added for clarity. Practice standards and the process of certification and licensure are reviewed, as are the missions, visions, and functional purposes of various organizations with which GCs may be actively engaged. Finally, readers are walked through the admissions process and examples of impactful mentorship and advocacy experiences in which applicants can engage to enhance their chances of acceptance to GC training programs.
Practicing Storytelling to Find Meaning and Convey Competencies in the Medical School Application
Authors: Rodriguez Jennifer
Published: May 2022

The medical school application process is lengthy and competitive and requires careful planning for students to present a strong application. The application comprises many components, including an opportunity to describe the extracurricular activities that have prepared the student for a medical education. Some applicants are challenged to effectively articulate the skills and competencies they acquired in these extracurriculars, while concurrently defining the activities' relationship to their medical ambitions. This chapter introduces self-authorship theory as an approach advisors can use to help students develop a strong personal narrative. Through this lens, the author offers strategies to coach students through the process of “storytelling” to demystify the application process, help them ascribe meaning to their experiences, and equip them with new techniques to write about their experiences and prepare a competitive application.