bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hypercapnia Reduces Perceived Heat Pain in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Guekos A. , Hau M. , Grob S. , Sharvit G. , Schweinhardt P.
Published: February 2025

Background

Danger signals modulate pain perception. Both amplification and attenuation of perceived pain are observed in healthy subjects exposed to danger signals, such as transient threats of an imminent electrical shock. However, exposure to danger signals in real life typically is not transient but constant over minutes to hours. Here, this was experimentally achieved by administering hypercapnic air (7.5% CO2). The primary objective was to investigate whether perceived heat pain would be differentially modulated during this intervention compared to regular air administration. The secondary objective assessed the potential differences of such a modulation with respect to heat intensity level.

Methods

Thirty‐eight participants (19 women) received two air mixtures (hypercapnic and regular air) for 13 min each, during which 18 (6 × 3) noxious heat stimuli of three different intensities were applied to the calf and rated on two scales (intensity and pleasantness/unpleasantness). Psychological and physiological states were compared between conditions using the body sensations questionnaire, self‐assessment manikins, heart rate, and galvanic skin response. Statistical analyses were performed using Bayesian estimation testing.

Results

Between‐condition differences were statistically meaningful for all heat intensity levels, always showing reduced pain perception during hypercapnia compared to normocapnia. The magnitude of the observed hypoalgesia did not depend on heat intensity levels.

Conclusions

The presence of a continuous physiological danger signal results in hypoalgesia. Future studies need to determine whether the present results only hold for hypercapnia in healthy subjects or are generalisable to interactions between pain perception and continuous physiological danger signals in clinical pain populations.

Significance Statement

It was shown that hypercapnia leads to reduced perception of noxious heat stimuli. If confirmed by neural data in future studies this could help to better understand the interaction of pain perception and continuous physiological danger signals in clinical pain conditions, potentially allowing for improved treatment of affected individuals.
DML‐GNN: ASD Diagnosis Based on Dual‐Atlas Multi‐Feature Learning Graph Neural Network
Authors: Liu Shuaiqi , Sun Chaolei , Li Jinkai , Wang Shuihua , Zhao Ling
Published: February 2025

To better automate the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and improve diagnostic accuracy, a graph neural network via dual‐atlas multi‐feature learning (DML‐GNN) model for ASD diagnosis is constructed based on the local feature information of brain atlas and the global feature information from the multi‐modal data. First, DML‐GNN constructs a dual‐atlas feature extraction module to capture the initial features of each subject. Second, it combines K‐nearest‐neighbor graphs, graph pooling, graph convolution (GCN) and graph channel attention (GCA) to construct a local feature learning module. This module extracts deep features for each subject and eliminate redundant features, and further fuses multi‐atlases features efficiently. Third, DML‐GNN constructs a global feature learning module by combining the non‐imaging information of fMRI data and graph isomorphism network (GINConv), which combines the information of multi‐modal data to construct comprehensive multi‐graph features and learns node embeddings using GINConv. Finally, multi‐layer perceptron (MLP) is used to obtain the final ASD diagnosis results. Compared with recent algorithms for ASD diagnosis on the public data set‐Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange I (ABIDE I), our method demonstrated superior performance, underscoring its potential as an effective tool.
Dose–response relationship and predictive value of soluble B7‐DC in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and risk of refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children
Authors: Li Xue‐Hua , Xu Jun‐Mei
Published: February 2025

This study was to investigate the clinical significance of soluble B7‐dendritic cell (sB7‐DC) concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of children with Refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP). A total of 298 patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) were enrolled. Patients were divided into general MPP (GMPP) (n = 213) and RMPP groups (n = 85). Detection of sB7‐DC and serum inflammatory factors in BALF was performed by ELISA. The relationship between sB7‐DC and the risk of RMPP was assessed using restricted cubic spline (RCS) model. A base model for predicting RMPP was constructed using logistic regression analysis, and a compound model was created with the addition of sB7‐DC in the base model. ROC curves were plotted to evaluate the predictive value of the model. Column line plots were plotted to assess the contribution of each variable to the outcome event. Calibration curves were plotted and the Hosmer–Lemeshow test (HL test) was performed to assess the calibration performance of the model. Decision curve analysis (DCA) plots were plotted to assess determine whether sB7‐DC has clinical value. There was no statistical difference between sB7‐H3 and sB7‐H4 in the two groups (both p > 0.05). sB7‐DC levels were higher in the RMPP group than in the GMPP group (91.66 [77.36, 122.5] pg/ml vs. 64.87 [47.07, 86.46] pg/ml, p < 0.001). RCS analysis showed that the risk of RMPP gradually increased with the increase of sB7‐DC when sB7‐DC > 76.505 pg/ml. Both the base model and the compound model constructed with independent correlates of RMPP had some predictive value, and the models were well‐fitted. The column line graphs showed that the models had discriminative ability. Notably, the compound model had a higher predictive value, with a higher AUC value than the base model: 0.76 (0.65–0.87) versus 0.68 (0.54–0.81). The highest net benefit was close to 0.15 (only 0.1 in the base model). When the net benefit was >0, the high‐risk threshold took on a wide range of values. sB7‐DC in children with RMPP is an independent predictor of RMPP. sB7‐DC helps to improve quantitative prediction of RMPP risk and accurately guide medical decisions.
Aligning forces to accelerate healthcare transformation: Insights from the UPMC learning community
Authors: Holder Diane , Keyser Donna , Kogan Jane , Hurford Matthew O. , Lovelace John , Schuster James
Published: February 2025

Introduction

To accelerate transformation toward value‐based, equitable care, health systems need a viable approach for engaging and aligning multiple stakeholders to promote innovation. Building and sustaining learning communities offers one possible solution.

Methods

We describe how one learning community has leveraged the collective strengths, assets, and expertise of multiple stakeholders to improve care value for subpopulations who experience low‐quality, high‐cost, and/or inequitable health outcomes.

Results

By providing critical infrastructure and support, UPMC's Learning Community was able to (1) accelerate adoption of risk‐based payment models that promote shared accountability among providers, payers, and families/caregivers for the total costs of care of children and adolescents with medically complex conditions, (2) drive widespread practice change for improving physical and mental wellness for individuals with serious mental illness, and (3) increase access to evidence‐based treatment and improve outcomes for individuals with opioid and substance use disorders.

Conclusions

Learning communities can serve as important catalyzers for the payment, practice, and service delivery innovation necessary to achieve a high‐value, equitable health system.
Infinitesimally equivariant bundles on complex manifolds
Authors: Bouaziz Emile
Published: February 2025

We study holomorphic vector bundles equipped with a compatible action of vector field by Lie derivatives. We will show that the dependence of the Lie derivative on a vector field is almost ‐linear. More precisely, after an algebraic reformulation, we show that any continuous ‐linear Lie algebra splitting of the symbol map from the Atiyah algebra of a vector bundle on a complex manifold is given by a differential operator, which is further of order at most the rank of the bundle plus one. The proof is quite elementary. When the differential operator we obtain has order 0 we have simply a vector bundle with flat connection, so in a sense, our theorem says that we are always a uniformly bounded order away from this simplest case.
Cannabidiol restores hematopoietic stem cell stemness in mouse through Atf2–Lrp6 axis after acute irradiation
Authors: Bai Zhijie , Huang Congshu , Xu Huanhua , Wang Yuxin , Liao Zebin , Shen Pan , Ni Zhexin , Huangfu Chaoji , Sun Dezhi , Hu Yangyi , Wang Ningning , Zhang Pengfei , Zhou Lei , Zhou Wei , Gao Yue
Published: February 2025

Bone marrow serves as the residence of hematopoietic stem cells and is recognized as one of the most radiosensitive tissues. Exposure to acute radiation leads to severe damage to bone marrow hematopoiesis which can be fatal, while few clinically applicable medication or specific therapeutic targets have been discovered. In this study, we found that the administration of cannabidiol significantly enhanced individual survival and restored the reconstitution capacity of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells within 14 days after irradiation. Single‐cell RNA sequencing analysis demonstrated that the expression levels of genes associated with stemness along with Wnt and BMP signaling pathways were restored by the cannabidiol treatment through the upregulation of Atf2, a transcription factor possessing multifunctional properties. Atf2 upregulation induced by cannabidiol treatment potentially upregulated the expression of Lrp6 to improve the stemness of hematopoietic stem cells. Further functional experiments validated the crucial role of Atf2 in regulating multilineage differentiation potential of bone marrow hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Overall, our findings provide evidence for a promising radioprotective function of cannabidiol and Atf2 as a candidate therapeutic target for acute radiation‐induced hematopoietic injury, thereby paving the way for future research in the field.
The Yeast‐Fermented Garlic and a Balance of Spermine/Spermidine Activates Autophagy via EGR1 Transcriptional Factor
Authors: Xie Kun , Yano Satoshi , Wang Jinyun , Yamakoshi Shota , Ohta Tomoe , Uto Takuhiro , Sakai Maiko , He Xi , Yoshizaki Kaichi , Kubota Takumi , Ohnishi Kohta , Hara Taichi
Published: February 2025

Spermine (SPM) and spermidine (SPD) are polyamines found in all organisms, and their concentrations can be regulated by ingestion. We demonstrated that yeast‐fermented garlic (YF) extract significantly increased autophag flux in OUMS‐36T‐1 and HeLa cells expressing the fluorescent probe (GFP‐LC3‐RFP‐LC3ΔG). YF‐induced increase of autophagy occurred independently of mTORC1 signaling, and RNA‐sequencing analysis revealed that EGR1 was the most significantly altered gene in YF‐treated OUMS‐36T‐1 cells. YF‐treated EGR1‐deficient HAP1 cells displayed reduced autophagic flux (p < 0.05). YF‐induced increasing of autophagic flux occurred via a specific SPM/SPD ratio. HAP1 cells treated with equivalent amounts of SPD or SPM as that found in YF did not increase autophagic flux (p > 0.05); however, treatment with SPD and SPM in the same ratio as that found in YF increased autophagic flux (p < 0.05). This specific SPM/SPD ratio reduced MG132‐induced proteostress via EGR1‐dependent pathways (p < 0.05). Thus, the SPM/SPD balance may regulate autophagy via EGR1‐dependent pathways, and controlling this balance may provide a strategy to maintain cellular homeostasis.
General Geometric Reconstruction Method of Failure Criteria for Lattice Spring Model
Authors: Yang Zhen‐Qi , Wei Xin‐Dong , Li Zhe , Zhao Gao‐Feng
Published: February 2025

Failure criteria are crucial in numerical methods for effectively resolving material failures, especially in geomaterials such as rock and concrete. A wide array of criteria, designed for different rock types and complex stress conditions, has been developed. Although Artificial Neural Network (ANN)‐based failure criteria present a unified solution for incorporating these diverse criteria into numerical models, their opaque nature and heavy data demands frequently curtail their practical utility and computational efficiency. To address these issues, this paper introduces a geometric‐based method for reconstructing existing failure criteria. This novel approach not only simulates the functionality of ANNs but also offers greater interpretability, simpler visualization, and reduced data requirements. The effectiveness of this reconstruction method in representing established failure criteria is validated, and its utility in a four‐dimensional lattice spring model (4D‐LSM) for modeling true triaxial conditions is showcased through multiple numerical examples.
Leveraging E‐Waste Recycling via Auctions With Dual Responsibilities
Authors: Xiu Xu Su , Xu Gangyan , Li Guo , Gao Yuan , Cheng Meng
Published: February 2025

The efficient recycling of electric and electronic waste products (e‐waste) not only provides environmental and societal benefits but also is recognized as being profitable from economic and business perspectives. However, how to design incentive mechanisms for efficient e‐waste recycling with dual responsibilities, namely, corporate social responsibility (CSR) and government rural vitalization, remains unclear. In this paper, we consider an e‐waste recycling problem in which a company collects a certain amount of e‐waste from developed and poor regions. With the goal of CSR, the company reserves a portion of demands for the poor region while realizing as much social welfare as possible. In pursuit of the rural revitalization strategy, the government offers subsidies to agents from the poor region. We introduce the concept of the price of CSR, which is defined as the loss of social welfare. We find the price of CSR is nondecreasing when the demand in the poor region increases. We propose a family of novel Vickrey‐Clarke‐Groves (VCG) auctions with CSR and government subsidies, which are all incentive‐compatible (IC) and individual‐rational (IR). Two strategies are considered for allocating government subsidies, namely, agent subsidy policy and company subsidy policy. Interestingly, if the bid‐ask spread is large enough in the developed region, then the company with CSR obtains higher profits. The outcome of e‐waste recycling is used as a signal for the precise allocation of the budget for government subsidies. The agent subsidy policy can ensure that a “poorer” agent or village receives a higher subsidy. When the company exhibits a low level of CSR, the company subsidy policy can bring more benefits for agents in the poor region at a relatively lower overall subsidy than the agent subsidy policy. This paper enriches the existing auction theory and provides insights into the impacts of firm‐level action (CSR), government policy (subsidies), and individual behavior on rural vitalization.
Multifunctional gradient‐layer woven lattice truss sandwich panels with energy absorption, bending resistance, and sound insulation
Authors: Wan Ping , Yan Qu , Bai Cuiping , Li Zhoupeng , Wang Song , Cui Yujun , Li Xiaofei , Liu Xiaobo , Shi Hougai
Published: February 2025

In this study, three distinct multifunctional gradient‐layer woven lattice truss sandwich panels (M‐G‐WLTS) were designed, fabricated, and tested for rail transit applications. The M‐G‐WLTS were engineered with discrete core piles and varying thicknesses to achieve enhanced multifunctional performance. A cost‐effective vacuum infusion and multi‐layer co‐curing process technique was employed during the fabrication of the M‐G‐WLTS. A comprehensive analysis of the acoustic and mechanical properties of M‐G‐WLTS was conducted through a variety of experimental methods, including flatwise compression tests, three‐point bending tests, and sound insulation evaluations. Results showed that T3 M‐G‐WLTS absorbed energy more effectively than T1 but was outperformed by T2. Additionally, peak loads and specific peak loads indicated that T3 exhibited superior bending capabilities. The thicker M‐G‐WLTS T3 achieved a weighted sound insulation rating of 26.1 dB, exceeding T2 by 5.1 dB and T1 by 3.9 dB. This study confirms the viability of M‐G‐WLTS for rail transit systems that provide enhanced energy absorption, bending capacity, and effective acoustic insulation.

Highlights

Gradient‐layer woven lattice truss sandwich panels were designed and tested.

The proposed M‐G‐WLTS demonstrates superior mechanical and acoustic properties.

Gradient‐layer design enhances the bearing capacity and sound insulation.

Utilizing small gradients facilitates the absorption of structural energy.
Protons Selectively Regulate the Asymmetric Activation of the C─H Bonds of Methanol Molecules
Authors: Jia Kun , Jia Peng
Published: February 2025

The activation of C─H bonds under mild conditions is a crucial step in the conversion of organic molecules. However, the simultaneous activation of C─H bonds in methanol can result in excessive oxidation, thereby diminishing the selectivity for formaldehyde production. We achieved selective activation of the C─H bonds in methanol under mild conditions by adjusting the proton concentration in an anhydrous methanol solution, which significantly enhanced the dehydrogenation rate of methanol. Additionally, we constructed related molecular models to identify the sites of asymmetric oxidation, providing new insights for further studies on C─H bond activation.
Preparation, Optimization, and Targeted Release of Chitosan Quaternary Ammonium Salt Thermosensitive Hydrogels
Authors: Huang Juan , Ye Yiqi , Fan Sisi , Zhu Qianwen , Wang Jianwei , Chen Qu
Published: February 2025

Chitosan (CS) exhibits a wide range of physicochemical properties in gel forms. In this work, the quaternized chitosan, N‐[(2‐hydroxy‐3‐trimethylammonium)propyl] chitosan chloride (HTCC), was successfully synthesized and blended with CS and glycerophosphate (GP) to form a thermosensitive hydrogel. The HTCC exhibited a degree of quaternization of 78.52% and improved water solubility (5.7%, w/v). For a hydrogel composed of 1.57% CS, 0.23% HTCC, and 10% GP (w/v), the sol‐to‐gel transition occurred within 2 min at 40 °C. Notably, when the GP concentration reached approximately 6% (w/v), the CS‐HTCC‐GP hydrogel exhibited a unique biphasic behavior, transitioning from sol to gel either by cooling from room temperature to 5 °C or by heating to 40 °C. The NaCl release behavior of the CS‐HTCC‐GP hydrogel was influenced by both pH and temperature, with faster release observed under weakly basic conditions compared to neutral or acidic environments. The release process followed a quasi‐Fickian diffusion mechanism. These distinctive physicochemical properties suggest that the CS‐HTCC‐GP hydrogel holds great promise not only for controlled drug release applications but also for uses in hemostasis and embolization.
Metabolite Profiling Based UHPLC‐HRMS of Indonesian Peperomia pellucida and Its Phytochemical, Antioxidant, and Enzyme Inhibitory Properties
Authors: Lestari Endah Noviana Eka , Nisa Khoirun , Suryani Ade Erma , Handayani Desi Suci , Kusumaningsih Triana
Published: February 2025

One of promising Indonesian botanicals, Peperomia pellucida, lacks a standardized extraction technique due to its wide range of substances. In this study, the phytochemicals, antioxidants, and enzyme inhibitory activities of P. pellucida were examined after being extracted using UAE with 70% ethanol and partitioned using the solid–liquid partition technique with four solvents of variable polarity. Metabolites composition in P. pellucida was identified using UHPLC‐HRMS, further assessed with chemometric analysis for classifying the data. The evaluation on phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, and tannins contents presents the strong correlation with its antioxidant activity (DPPH, FRAP, ABTS) as well as the enzyme inhibition (lipase, tyrosinase, and α‐glucosidase). The metabolomic analysis revealed that tetrahydrofolic acid, diosmin, 7‐hydroxy‐3‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐4‐propylcoumarin, (‐)‐caryophyllene oxide, hesperetine, and 6β‐naltrexol were the major constituents contained in P. pellucida extract, while amino acids, flavonoids, polyphenols, and terpenoids were the most abundant active class presence in the extract. The PCA and PLS‐DA successfully classified P. pellucida extract and fractions into five groups.
Water‐Dynamics Monitoring Using a Flexible Resistive Sensor and Reservoir Computing
Authors: Seimiya Naruhito , Uehara Koh , Nakamura Haruki , Matsumura Guren , Miyashita Takuma , Nakajima Kohei , Takei Kuniharu
Published: February 2025

Water droplets exhibit different dynamics upon contact with an object, depending on several factors, including the impact angle and droplet volume. Insights gained from monitoring the dynamics might be valuable in rain‐sensing applications for analyzing precipitation and wind velocity. Notably, a resistive‐type flexible rain sensor exists, which monitors the changes in resistance with time when a water droplet contacts an object. However, the dynamics sensing mechanism for water droplets contacting a conductive superhydrophobic surface has not been systematically explored, and importantly, the sensors can only be used at a 20° tilt angle. Therefore, this study aims to reveal the sensing mechanism of resistive sensors by analyzing the vertical energy of water droplets impacting the sensor surface. By varying the conditions surrounding the vertical impact, we observe that the minimum resistance of the sensor to water droplets increases when the impact energy decreases at different dropping heights and sensor tilt angles. Further, a reservoir‐computing algorithm is developed to assess the water dynamics at different sensor tilt angles, resulting in the successful estimation of the water‐droplet volume and wind velocity.
A Fluorescence/Colorimetric Synergistic‐Enhanced Type‐I Heterostructured MOF@QDs for Both Multi‐Depth Food‐Freshness Prediction and Extra Preservation
Authors: Zhao Mengzhen , Zhong Wen , Chen Jiaheng , He Yuqing , Zhou Zhibin , Deng Dan , Lin Suai , Cheng Haoxin , Hu Xiaotian , Wang Xiaolei
Published: February 2025

Spoiled food has significantly impacted the global economy and public health, which increases worldwide concern about monitoring and preserving food freshness. Herein, a multi‐functional type‐I heterojunction (Eu@ZMC) is designed by europium metal‐organic framework (EuMOF), zinc oxide quantum dots (ZnO QDs), and chlorogenic acid (CGA). Eu@ZMC achieves ratiometric fluorescent/colorimetric sensing of pH and biogenic amines to detect freshness. Besides, a paper‐based platform (PEu@ZMC) is prepared and can detect histamine with the LOD of 0.0142 and 0.0136 µg mL−1 in fluorescent and colorimetric modes, respectively. An advanced OR/NOT‐gate logic device is further constructed to distinguish freshness into three levels (fresh, less fresh, and spoiled). This dual‐mode sensor is synergistic‐enhanced by the energy transfer triggered by ZnO QDs‐promoted colorimetry and the type‐I heterostructure of fluorescent EuMOF and ZnO QDs. The release of low‐toxic zinc ions inhibits various bacterial growth, including Salmonella typhimurium. According to raw fish evaluation, Eu@ZMC not only effectively monitors spoilage externally and internally aligning with a commercial kit, but also reduces spoilage speed, which cannot be achieved through the classical detection strategy. This original work provides a simple, convenient, and reliable method for multi‐depth and real‐time visual food monitoring with extract freshness preservation, contributing to economic benefits and human health assurance.
Tantalum‐Doped Tin Oxide Rear Reflector for Efficient and Low‐Cost Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Shuyi , Shi Jianhua , Yao Yuan , Luo Yunren , Yuan Yue , Du Junlin , Shi Qiang , Wang Guangyuan , Han Anjun , Chen Bin , Zhang Liping , Liu Wenzhu , Liu Zhengxin , Meng Fanying
Published: February 2025

Promoting infrared (IR) response is crucial to boost the short‐circuit current density (JSC) of thinner silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells. Herein, tantalum‐doped tin oxide (TaTO) film is not only a transparent conductive film but also used as rear reflector stacked with multiple‐doped indium oxide (IMO) to promote the IR quantum efficiency of SHJ solar cells. Stack films (IMO/TaTO) are prepared and their structural and optical–electrical properties were studied. IMO/TaTO stack film is a layer of polycrystalline IMO film covered by amorphous TaTO film. Given the low surface roughness of amorphous film, the IMO/TaTO stack films show higher reflectance than single‐IMO film in IR region. The carrier concentration of IMO/TaTO stack film is 1.06 × 1020 cm−3, one third of IMO films, leading to low absorption loss in IR region. Therefore, a JSC gain of 1.55%rel for industrial SHJ solar cells with rear IMO/TaTO films is acquired due to improvement of IR response. Finally, an average power conversion efficiency gain of 0.27%abs is come through, providing that stacks with less indium content in the rear side of SHJ solar cells is feasible to enhance the efficiency of SHJ solar cells.
A Review of Social and Organizational Barriers to Water Reuse in the United States
Authors: Scruggs Caroline E. , Hacker Miriam E.
Published: February 2025

Water reuse is increasingly seen as a necessary part of municipal and regional water planning, driven by climate change, increasing populations, economic development, nutrient management, and supply diversification, among other factors. However, only a small fraction of the water discharged every day from municipal, industrial, agricultural, and oil and gas operations across the United States is formally reused. Despite the need for water reuse in water planning, barriers to adoption exist across several social and organizational dimensions: cost and rate development, policy and regulation, capacity development, organizational dynamics, and equity and environmental justice. This overview reviews these dimensions, synthesizing major findings from the literature and highlighting areas where additional research is needed. Existing work has focused on economic considerations of reuse and regulatory and policy impacts. While some research exists across the other dimensions presented, there is a need to expand what we know about organizational factors impacting the adoption of water reuse, including workforce and capacity building and equity implications.
Generalised symmetries and state-operator correspondence for nonlocal operators
Authors: Hofman Diego M. , Vitouladitis Stathis
Published: February 2025

Abstract

We provide a one-to-one correspondence between line operators and states in four-dimensional CFTs with continuous 1-form symmetries. In analogy with 0-form symmetries in two dimensions, such CFTs have a free photon realisation and enjoy an infinite-dimensional current algebra that generalises the familiar Kac-Moody algebras. We construct the representation theory of this current algebra, which allows for a full description of the space of states on an arbitrary closed spatial slice. On 𝕊2 × 𝕊1, we rederive the spectrum by performing a path integral on 𝔹3 × 𝕊1 with insertions of line operators. This leads to a direct and explicit correspondence between the line operators of the theory and the states on 𝕊2 × 𝕊1. Interestingly, we find that the vacuum state is not prepared by the empty path integral but by a squeezing operator. Additionally, we generalise some of our results in two directions. Firstly, we construct current algebras in (2p + 2)-dimensional CFTs, that are universal whenever the theory has a p-form symmetry, and secondly we provide a non-invertible generalisation of those higher-dimensional current algebras.
Apatite as a pathfinder to tin mineralisation: prospects and caveats
Authors: Mangler Martin F. , Gardiner Nicholas J. , Skeat Dominic , Roberts Nick M. W. , Tapster Simon
Published: February 2025

Granite-related mineral deposits are major primary sources of the critical metals tin (Sn) and lithium (Li). The utility of accessory minerals such as zircon and apatite as pathfinders to these ore deposits has been a subject of great interest in recent years, with a number of geochemical discriminants having been developed to distinguish barren from metal-fertile and mineralised intrusions. Here, we study the potential of apatite as an indicator mineral for tin and lithium mineralisation using a compilation of published apatite trace element data as well as new data for the mineralised Cornubian batholith and barren Bhutanese leucogranites. Critical examination of common geochemical discriminants tracing magma fractionation and redox conditions (Mn, Eu/Eu*, La/YbN and Sr/Y) reveals large and overlapping data scatter for both barren and Sn-fertile intrusions. This calls into question the utility of these petrogenetic indicators to pinpoint tin metallogeny. Instead, prima facie metal concentrations directly related to tin mineralisation (i.e., Sn and Li) are consistently elevated in apatite from fertile and mineralised intrusions. Based on our data compilation, Li and Sn concentrations in apatite are the most robust indicators for Sn (and Li) mineralisation, and we encourage the community to include Li and Sn in their analytical routines to further test these observations and explore their implications for tin metallogeny.
Temperature rise and pressure dynamics in the early stages of Hartmann–Sprenger tube operation
Authors: Kudo Y. , Sawada S. , Itouyama N. , Matsuoka K. , Kasahara J.
Published: February 2025

In this study, we focus on the early stages of the Hartmann–Sprenger tube operation in the jet regurgitant mode to investigate three key relationships: (1) between the nozzle dynamic pressure and the start time of temperature rise at the resonance tube end, (2) between the nozzle dynamic pressure and the resonance tube end pressure, and (3) between the distance l from the resonance tube end to the contact surface and the rise in the end gas temperature of the resonance tube. The results showed that the condition for the rise in the resonance tube end gas temperature after the gas jet from the nozzle reached sonic flow was the stabilization of the average fluctuation pressure value at the resonance tube end in conjunction with the nozzle dynamic pressure. At the time of operation stabilization of the Hartmann–Sprenger tube, the average fluctuation pressure at the resonance tube end converged to a constant value almost equal to the nozzle dynamic pressure. This result means that the nozzle dynamic pressure is almost equivalent to the fluctuation pressure at the resonance tube end. Moreover, the distance l did not significantly increase with the resonance tube length L and remained nearly constant. The gas temperature at the resonance tube end obtained from the experimental results generally agreed with the temperature calculated from compression through an adiabatic and isentropic process from L to l.
Calvarial melorheostosis: an extremely rare case and diagnostic challenge
Authors: Wenokor Gregory , Suster David , de Leon Ada Baisre , Liu James K. , Wenokor Cornelia , Nimchinsky Esther A.
Published: February 2025

Melorheostosis is a rare bone disease that presents as sclerotic lesions growing on existing bone surfaces. This disease is of unknown etiology and affects both genders equally. The disease is unique in appearance, described in the literature as having a radiologic appearance of flowing candle wax, and usually occurs in the appendicular skeleton. We present an extremely rare case of melorheostosis of the calvarium in a 55-year-old male patient, initially thought to represent a large osteoma, and discuss the CT and MRI features, pathology, and surgical management. Recently, new insights have been gained by molecular biologic studies into the potential pathogenesis of this disease indicating genetic mutations, which will be discussed. This case report will help radiologists arriving at the correct diagnosis for an unusual manifestation of a rare disease.
Exposure to clinical stressors during NICU admission in preterm infants
Authors: Meesters Naomi J. , van den Bosch Gerbrich E. , Tataranno Maria Luisa , van den Akker Chris H. P. , van Ganzewinkel Christ-jan , Barge Judith A. ten , Schuerman Frank A. B. A. , van Zanten Henriette , de Boode Willem P. , Raets Marlou M. A. , Dijk Peter H. , van Rosmalen Joost , Vermeulen Marijn J. , Onland Wes , Haverman Lotte , Reiss Irwin K. M. , van Kaam Anton H. , Benders Manon , van Dijk Monique , Simons Sinno H. P. ,   the HIPPO study group
Published: February 2025

This study aims to quantify stress exposure related to clinical stressors in preterm infants during NICU admission and identify risk factors for high stress exposure. In this national cohort study, preterm infants (gestational age < 29 weeks) were prospectively followed during the first 28 days of their admission to one of the 10 NICUs in the Netherlands. The NeO-stress score, consisting of 38 clinical stressors graded with a severity index, was applied to describe stress exposure. We assessed the impact of infant characteristics at birth and postnatal age on NeO-stress scores using linear mixed modelling. In total, 446 infants were included with a median gestational age of 27+2 weeks (IQR 26+2–28+2). The median NeO-stress score per day was 61 (IQR 39–87) and highest (74, IQR 52–101) on the day of admission. Nasal/oral (37%) and endotracheal (14%) suctioning were key contributors to the cumulative NeO-stress scores. Linear mixed modelling showed that lower gestational age (B = -0.69, 95% CI − 0.94–0.44, p < 0.001), no antenatal administration of corticosteroids (B = 13.2, 95% CI 3.2–23.1, p = 0.010) and lower 5-min Apgar score (B = − 1.6, 95% CI − 3.0–0.25, p = 0.02) were significantly related with higher daily NeO-stress scores. Our model predicts that the NeO-stress score increases over time for the youngest infants.

Conclusion: Stress exposure in preterm infants during NICU admission varies over time with infants with the lowest gestational age at risk for experiencing the highest levels of stress throughout NICU admission. This highlights the importance stress reduction and provides opportunities for future interventions aimed at reducing stress exposure.

What is Known:
• Preterm birth and admission to a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit is very stressful.
• High stress exposure in neonatal life is associated with adverse long term outcome.

What is New:
•
Stress exposure is highest in infants with the youngest gestational ages where it remains high or even increases 
during the first month of life
.
•
Lower gestational age, no antenatal administration of corticosteroids and lower 5-min Apgar score were 
significantly related with higher daily NeO-stress scores
.
Bosentan as adjunctive therapy in neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia-associated pulmonary hypertension: a case series
Authors: De Vadder Aster , Lemloh Lotte , Bo Bartolomeo , Hale Lennart , Patel Neil , Mueller Andreas , Kipfmueller Florian
Published: February 2025

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH)-associated pulmonary hypertension (PH) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Pulmonary vasodilative management is challenging and some patients with CDH are unresponsive to inhaled nitric oxide or sildenafil. Bosentan, an enterally-administered endothelin-1 receptor antagonist, reducing pulmonary vascular resistance may play a role in the treatment of CDH-PH. The aim is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of bosentan as an adjunctive therapy for CDH-PH. We report a case series of all CDH neonates who received oral bosentan as an adjunctive therapy for treatment of PH between 2013 and 2021 at our institution. Bosentan was administered at a median enteral dose of 2 mg/kg/day. Main outcomes were improved PH severity on echocardiography, oxygenation, and respiratory support after starting bosentan. Patients were compared according to improvement in PH after 1 week of treatment (responder vs. non-responder). Fifty CDH neonates received oral adjunctive bosentan therapy. Survival to discharge was 58%. Improved PH was observed in 54 and 72% of patients after 1 and 2 weeks respectively (p < 0.001). Respiratory status ameliorated significantly after 2 weeks compared to baseline, with a reduction of ECMO treatment from 30 to 0% and an increase in patients receiving non-invasive or no respiratory support from 18 to 40%. Oxygenation did not improve over 2 weeks, possibly biased by the changes in the respiratory status and other contributing factors to the pathophysiology of CDH.

Conclusion: Bosentan is effective in the treatment of neonates with CDH-PH and was associated with improved PH severity and respiratory status. Adverse effects were minimal and consistent with previous studies.

What Is Known:
• CDH neonates frequently suffer from pulmonary hypertension with inconclusive evidence regarding the benefit of pulmonary vasodilator treatment.
• Increased endothelin-1 plasma levels have been associated with poor outcome in CDH neonates, however, there is minimal data on the use of endothelin receptor blockers, such as bosnetan, in this population.
What Is New:
• This case series of 50 CDH neonates receiving bosentan demonstrates an improvement in PH severity based on echocardiographic assessment in 54% within one week of treatment.
• Respiratory support modus (i.e. ECMO, mechanical ventilation, CPAP) improved significantly within two weeks of bosentan treatment in responders and non-responders.
Der DMKG-Kopfschmerzfragebogen
Authors: Ruscheweyh Ruth , Gaul Charly , Dresler Thomas , Patrick Jürgens Tim , Lewis David , Kraya Torsten , Neeb Lars , Ruschil Victoria , Goßrau Gudrun
Published: February 2025

Für die Diagnosestellung, Therapie und Verlaufsbeurteilung von Kopfschmerzerkrankungen müssen in der Anamnese zahlreiche Informationen erfragt werden. Dies wird wesentlich erleichtert, wenn die Patient:innen diese Informationen bereits vorab anhand eines Fragebogens zusammenstellen. Expert:innen der Deutschen Migräne- und Kopfschmerzgesellschaft (DMKG) haben dafür den DMKG-Kopfschmerzfragebogen entwickelt, der sowohl kopfschmerzspezifische Informationen (Häufigkeit, Charakteristika, Begleitsymptome, Medikation) als auch Begleiterkrankungen erfasst und darüber hinaus validierte Skalen zu psychischen Begleitfaktoren, Beeinträchtigung und Lebensqualität enthält. Es gibt separate Versionen für Erst- und Wiedervorstellung sowie ein Clusterkopfschmerzmodul. Der DMKG-Kopfschmerzfragebogen ist für Fachkreise nach Registrierung online frei erhältlich (https://www.dmkg.de/dmkg-kopfschmerzfragebogen) und steht zum Ausdrucken oder als ausfüllbares PDF zur Verfügung. Er kann mit dem enthaltenen PDF-Kopfschmerzkalender oder mit der DMKG-App als elektronischer Kopfschmerzkalender kombiniert werden. Eine digitale Version ist geplant. Der DMKG-Kopfschmerzfragebogen ist ein wichtiger Baustein zur Qualitätssicherung der Kopfschmerzversorgung in Deutschland.
Power-law distributions in an online video-sharing system and its long-term dynamics
Authors: Ito Kiminori , Shimada Takashi
Published: February 2025

We study the data of Japanese video-sharing platform, Niconico, which contains 21 million videos. From our analysis, the rank size distribution of video views is found to exhibit a crossover from a power law with an exponent around

$$-0.5$$

-
0.5

for the top

$$\approx 10^5$$

≈

10
5

movies to another power low with exponent around

$$-1$$

-
1

for the movies in the following ranks. The probability density function of video views for the bottom

$$90\%$$

90
%

movies is well fitted by log-normal distribution. This implies that, while videos in the top rank regime follow a different dynamics which yields the power law, videos in the middle and low rank regime seem to be evolving according to a random multiplicative process. Furthermore, we observe temporal relaxation process of video views for 3 years. Temporal relaxation process of video views is grouped by the size of the number of video views, and averaged within each size group. Interestingly, the daily video views universally show power-law relaxation in all view size, from the top total view group (

$$10^6-10^7$$

10
6

-

10
7

) to the bottom group (

$$\approx 10^2$$

≈

10
2

). This indicates the existence of memory processes longer than the exponential function, which are universally independent of video size.
Projective representations of real semisimple Lie groups and the gradient map
Authors: Biliotti Leonardo
Published: February 2025

Let G be a real noncompact semisimple connected Lie group and let

$$\rho : G \longrightarrow \text {SL}(V)$$

ρ
:
G
⟶
SL
(
V
)

be a faithful irreducible representation on a finite-dimensional vector space V over

$$\mathbb {R}$$

R

. We suppose that there exists a scalar product

$$\texttt {g}$$

g

on V such that

$$\rho (G)=K\exp ({\mathfrak {p}})$$

ρ
(
G
)
=
K
exp
(
p
)

, where

$$K=\text {SO}(V,\texttt {g})\cap \rho (G)$$

K
=
SO
(
V
,
g
)
∩
ρ
(
G
)

and

$${\mathfrak {p}}=\text {Sym}_o (V,\texttt {g})\cap (\text {d} \rho )_e ({\mathfrak {g}})$$

p
=

Sym
o

(
V
,
g
)

∩

(
d
ρ
)

e

(
g
)

. Here,

$${\mathfrak {g}}$$

g

denotes the Lie algebra of G,

$$\text {SO}(V,\texttt {g})$$

SO
(
V
,
g
)

denotes the connected component of the orthogonal group containing the identity element and

$$\text {Sym}_o (V,\texttt {g})$$

Sym
o

(
V
,
g
)

denotes the set of symmetric endomorphisms of V with trace zero. In this paper, we study the projective representation of G on

$${\mathbb {P}}(V)$$

P
(
V
)

arising from

$$\rho $$

ρ

. There is a corresponding G-gradient map

$$\mu _{\mathfrak {p}}:{\mathbb {P}}(V) \longrightarrow {\mathfrak {p}}$$

μ
p

:
P

(
V
)

⟶
p

. Using G-gradient map techniques, we prove that the unique compact G orbit

$${\mathcal {O}}$$

O

inside the unique compact

$$U^\mathbb {C}$$

U
C

orbit

$${\mathcal {O}}'$$

O

′

in

$${\mathbb {P}} (V^\mathbb {C})$$

P
(

V
C

)

, where U is the semisimple connected compact Lie group with Lie algebra

$${\mathfrak {k}} \oplus {\textbf {i}} {\mathfrak {p}}\subseteq \mathfrak {sl}(V^\mathbb {C})$$

k
⊕
i
p
⊆
sl
(

V
C

)

, is the set of fixed points of an anti-holomorphic involutive isometry of

$${\mathcal {O}}'$$

O

′

and so a totally geodesic Lagrangian submanifold of

$${\mathcal {O}}'$$

O

′

. Moreover,

$${\mathcal {O}}$$

O

is contained in

$${\mathbb {P}}(V)$$

P
(
V
)

. The restriction of the function

$$\mu _{\mathfrak {p}}^\beta (x):=\langle \mu _{\mathfrak {p}}(x),\beta \rangle $$

μ

p

β

(
x
)

:
=

⟨

μ
p

(
x
)

,
β
⟩

, where

$$\langle \cdot , \cdot \rangle $$

⟨
·
,
·
⟩

is an

$$\text {Ad}(K)$$

Ad
(
K
)

-invariant scalar product on

$${\mathfrak {p}}$$

p

, to

$${\mathcal {O}}$$

O

achieves the maximum on the unique compact orbit of a suitable parabolic subgroup and this orbit is connected. We also describe the irreducible representations of parabolic subgroups of G in terms of the facial structure of the convex body given by the convex envelope of the image

$$\mu _{\mathfrak {p}}({\mathbb {P}}(V))$$

μ
p

(
P

(
V
)

)

.
A novel approach to metabolic profiling in case models of MECP2-related disorders
Authors: Cooley Coleman Jessica A. , Moffitt Bridgette A. , Bridges William C. , Jones Kelly , May Melanie , Skinner Cindy , Friez Michael J. , Skinner Steven A. , Schwartz Charles E. , Boccuto Luigi
Published: February 2025

Genetic abnormalities of the MECP2 gene cause several conditions grouped under the umbrella term of MECP2-related disorders and characterized by a variety of phenotypes. We applied a functional approach to identify metabolic profiles in two patients with Rett syndrome (RTT) and one patient with MECP2 duplication syndrome (MRXSL). Such an approach is based on the Phenotype Mammalian Microarray (PM-M) technology, which is designed to assess the cellular production of energy in the presence of different compounds generating distinct metabolic environments. The findings in the three case models were compared versus 50 controls. Although the small number of samples prevented most results from reaching significant p-values when adjusted with the Benjamini-Hochberg correction, some interesting trends emerged. Some compounds indicated metabolic trends shared by the two conditions, like increased energy production in the presence of energy sources such as pectin, adenosine, and pyruvic acid, or decreased metabolic response to certain hormones. Other compounds showed opposite trends for the two disorders, like interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), which caused decreased energy production in the RTT group but increased energy production in the patient with MRXSL. The response to IL-1 beta also offers valuable insights into the pathogenic mechanism and potential therapeutic approaches. The metabolic profiling of MECP2-related disorders bears a remarkable translational potential since it may be helpful to investigate the molecular abnormalities underlying the phenotypical variety in this spectrum of conditions, develop biomarkers for the identification of ideal candidates for treatments like the recently approved trofenatide, and identify potential targets for the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
CRISPR/Cas-Based Nanobiosensor Using Plasmonic Nanomaterials to Detect Disease Biomarkers
Authors: Choi Jin-Ha , Yoon Jinho , Chen Meizi , Shin Minkyu , Goldston Li Ling , Lee Ki-Bum , Choi Jeong-Woo
Published: February 2025

The development of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) technology (CRISPR/Cas) as a gene-editing tool has the potential to revolutionize nucleic acid analysis. Recently, CRISPR/Cas systems have demonstrated considerable promise in the development of biosensors for the detection of essential disease biomarkers because they exhibit nonspecific collateral cleavage properties upon target sequence recognition. However, the CRISPR/Cas-based biosensors developed thus far have limitations, such as complicated steps, low sensitivity, low selectivity, and low signal-to-noise ratios. These limitations can be overcome by incorporating the unique characteristics of plasmonic nanomaterials into CRISPR/Cas systems to enhance the signal and improve the sensitivity of these biosensors. From this perspective, current interdisciplinary studies on CRISPR/Cas-based nanobiosensors comprising plasmonic nanomaterials can contribute to the development of highly sensitive CRISPR/Cas-based nanobiosensors. These nanobiosensors can detect attractive disease biomarkers, such as viral nucleic acids, small molecules, and proteins. This review article provides a thorough overview of nanobiosensors that incorporate CRISPR/Cas systems combined with plasmonic nanomaterials to enhance biosensing performance. We believe this review will inspire novel approaches and further innovation in the fields of molecular diagnostics and biomedicine aimed at using CRISPR/Cas systems and plasmonic nanomaterials for more personalized and effective medical treatments.
Implementing with intention: advantages, challenges, and tactics to optimally utilize the AXR metric
Authors: Castillo Alyssa Y. , Frost Holly M. , Poole Nicole M. , Jenkins Timothy C. , Seibert Allan M. , Stenehjem Edward
Published: February 2025

Antibiotic utilization for respiratory conditions (AXR) is a new Healthcare Effectiveness Data & Information Set ® (HEDIS®) measure designed to complement disease-specific metrics to improve outpatient antibiotic prescribing. Unique challenges include ensuring clinicians understand the metric and establishing appropriate goals within different health systems and service lines. Successful implementation requires awareness of the metric’s limitations and may be enhanced by co-reporting with condition-specific antibiotic use metrics to prioritize local interventions.