bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous Solid Electrolyte Interphase Interactions Dictate Interface Instability in Sodium Metal Electrodes
Authors: Singla Aditya , Naik Kaustubh G. , Vishnugopi Bairav S. , Mukherjee Partha P.
Published: July 2024

Sodium (Na) metal batteries have attracted recent attention due to their low cost and high abundance of Na. However, the advancement of Na metal batteries is impeded due to key challenges such as dendrite growth, solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) fracture, and low Coulombic efficiency. This study examines the coupled electro‐chemo‐mechanical interactions governing the electrodeposition stability and morphological evolution at the Na/electrolyte interface. The SEI heterogeneities influence transport and reaction kinetics leading to the formation of current and stress hotspots during Na plating. Further, it is demonstrated that the heterogeneity‐induced Na metal evolution and its influence on the stress distribution critically affect the mechanical overpotential, contributing to a faster SEI failure. The analysis reveals three distinct failure mechanisms—mechanical, transport, and kinetic—that govern the onset of instabilities at the interface. Finally, a comprehensive comparative study of SEI failure in Na and lithium (Li) metal anodes illustrates that the electrochemical and mechanical characteristics of the SEI are crucial in tailoring the anode morphology and interface stability. This work delineates mechanistic stability regimes cognizant of the SEI attributes and underlying failure modes and offers important guidelines for the design of artificial SEI layers for stable Na metal electrodes.
Effect of Alkyl Side Chains in BDT and 2D‐BDT Small‐Molecules as Donor Materials for Vacuum‐Processed Organic Photovoltaic Devices
Authors: Antoine Cristian , Vilches Diego , Preuss Paulo , Angel Felipe A.
Published: July 2024

Nine molecules based on benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene (BDT) and 2D‐BDT derivatives are studied as donor materials in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices fabricated by thermal evaporation, aiming to understand how different alkyl lateral substituents affect the molecular packing, the charge transport, and, subsequently, the device performance. Synthesis of the molecules is followed by a comprehensive characterization using thermal and differential scanning calorimetry analyses, which confirm their thermal stability and suitability for vacuum‐processed OPV devices. Thermal analysis also demonstrates a strong correlation between the melting point reduction of the molecules and the disorder caused by the alkyl chains. As the synthesized molecules present similar optical properties, the differences in the device performance are caused by the different substituents. BDT derivatives with low melting point temperatures produce reduced current density, hole mobility, and overall device performance, which are attributed to poor molecular packing. Additionally, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analysis suggests phase separation with fullerene, further impacting the efficiency of the devices. The findings indicate that the photovoltaic performance of BDT‐based molecules can be modulated by avoiding aliphatic substituents, providing a strategy for the design of more efficient materials, with thermal evaporation as an ideal method to evaluate and decouple molecular packing from solubility.
The longitudinal effects of neonatal anthropometry on attention problems in males and females
Authors: Byg Lars Meinertz , Wang Carol , Hirst Jonathan J. , Smith Roger , Pennell Craig
Published: July 2024

Background

The longitudinal impact of fetal growth on attention problems in males and females is unclear. This study aims to evaluate the impact of fetal growth assessed by neonatal anthropometry throughout childhood and adolescence in males and females separately.

Methods

We compared neonatal anthropometry (birth weight (BW), head circumference (HC), proportion of optimal birthweight (POBW)) and asymmetry (head‐to‐abdominal circumference ratio (HC/AC) and ponderal index (PI)) at birth with parental assessment of the child behavior checklist attention‐problem syndrome (CBCL‐AP) raw score measured at ages five, eight, 10, 14 and 17. We used univariable and multivariable linear mixed‐effects modeling. Sensitivity analyses included excluding pre‐term births, teacher ratings and treating the CBCL‐AP as an ordinal variable.

Results

In males, a 1‐SD lower BW, increased CBCL‐AP by 0.234 (95%CI [−0.422, −0.0497]). In males, a 1‐SD lower HC increased CBCL‐AP by 0.316 (95%CI [0.495, 0.133]). In males, there was a U‐shaped relationship between HC/AC and CBCL‐AP throughout childhood and adolescence; a curvilinear relationship was observed between POBW and CBCL‐AP. In females, a 1 SD lower HC increased CBCL‐AP 0.424 (95%CI [0.726, 0.133]), but every increased year of age reduced the effect by 0.027 (95% CI: 0.006–0.05). In females, there was no clear relationship between BW, POBW or HC/AC and CBCL‐AP. In males and females, PI was not significantly associated with CBCL‐AP. The exclusion of pre‐term births and analysis of teacher‐rated attention problems was consistent with the primary results.

Conclusions

Using a longitudinal design, our study suggests a male vulnerability to attention problems throughout childhood and adolescence from neonatal anthropometry. The relationships in females appear to be limited to childhood.
Maltreatment and parenting in youth with primary and secondary callous‐unemotional traits: Anxiety matters
Authors: Todorov Jessica J. , Kohls Gregor , Pauli Ruth , Rogers Jack , Bernhard Anka , Ackermann Katharina , Raschle Nora M. , Dugre Jules R. , Fernandez‐Rivas Aranzazu , Gonzalez‐Torres Miguel Angel , Hervas Amaia , Smaragdi Areti , Gonzalez Karen , Vetró Ágnes , Dikeos Dimitris , Popma Arne , Stadler Christina , Konrad Kerstin , Freitag Christine M. , Fairchild Graeme , Devine Rory T. , De Brito Stephane A.
Published: July 2024

Background

Youth with conduct disorder (CD) and high callous‐unemotional (CU) traits are not a homogenous group and can be disaggregated into primary and secondary subgroups. However, there are inconsistencies in defining primary and secondary subgroups, with some studies using anxiety, others using maltreatment and still others using both features to identify subgroups. There is a paucity of work comparing primary and secondary subgroups with typically developing (TD) youth on experiences of maltreatment and parenting as well as a lack of studies investigating sex differences.

Methods

In a large sample of TD youth (n = 946, 66% female) and youth with CD (n = 885, 60% female), we used latent profile analysis in youth with CD aged between 9 and 18 years to address four aims: (i) to demonstrate how primary and secondary subgroup membership differs when anxiety, maltreatment, or both are used as continuous indicators, (ii) to compare primary and secondary subgroups with TD youth on abuse and neglect measures, and (iii) to compare primary and secondary subgroups with TD youth on parenting experiences, and (iv) to examine whether the results were consistent across sexes.

Results

Anxiety without maltreatment yielded the best fitting and most theoretically interpretable classification of primary and secondary subgroups across both sexes (Bayesian information criterion = 17832.33, Entropy = 0.75, Lo‐Mendell‐Rubin: p < 0.01). Compared with TD youth, youth with primary and secondary CU traits experienced greater levels of abuse and neglect (p < 0.001, η2p = 0.04−0.16) and maladaptive parenting practices (p < 0.001, η2p = 0.04−0.13). Youth with primary and secondary CU traits were equally high on levels of abuse, neglect, and maladaptive parenting (all p values >0.05).

Conclusions

We provide evidence that anxiety and maltreatment cannot be used interchangeably to identify youth with primary versus secondary CU traits. Anxiey yielded the best fitting and most theoretically interpretable classifications across both sexes. Our results signify the need for researchers and clinicians to adopt a unified approach to defining primary and secondary subgroups of CU traits using anxiety in both sexes.
Simultaneous 3D T1$$ {\mathrm{T}}_1 $$, T2$$ {\mathrm{T}}_2 $$, and fat‐signal‐fraction mapping with respiratory‐motion correction for comprehensive liver tissue characterization at 0.55 T
Authors: Tripp Donovan P. , Kunze Karl P. , Crabb Michael G. , Prieto Claudia , Neji Radhouene , Botnar René M.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

To develop a framework for simultaneous three‐dimensional (3D) mapping of , , and fat signal fraction in the liver at 0.55 T.

Methods

The proposed sequence acquires four interleaved 3D volumes with a two‐echo Dixon readout. and are encoded into each volume via preparation modules, and dictionary matching allows simultaneous estimation of , , and for water and fat separately. 2D image navigators permit respiratory binning, and motion fields from nonrigid registration between bins are used in a nonrigid respiratory‐motion‐corrected reconstruction, enabling 100% scan efficiency from a free‐breathing acquisition. The integrated nature of the framework ensures the resulting maps are always co‐registered.

Results

, , and fat‐signal‐fraction measurements in phantoms correlated strongly (adjusted ) with reference measurements. Mean liver tissue parameter values in 10 healthy volunteers were , , and for , , and fat signal fraction, giving biases of , , and percentage points, respectively, when compared to conventional methods.

Conclusion

A novel sequence for comprehensive characterization of liver tissue at 0.55 T was developed. The sequence provides co‐registered 3D , , and fat‐signal‐fraction maps with full coverage of the liver, from a single nine‐and‐a‐half‐minute free‐breathing scan. Further development is needed to achieve accurate proton‐density fat fraction (PDFF) estimation in vivo.
“What are you looking for in a candidate?” The career search process for international students in higher education student affairs
Authors: Sim Xiao Yun , Zhou Yuan
Published: July 2024

This study examined lived experiences of two international student affairs professionals in the United States. Through a series of interviews, the dialogues unfold rich narratives that explore the multifaceted journey from academic preparation to career placement in the field of higher education student affairs (HESA). It also underscores the unique challenges encountered by international students compared to their domestic counterparts during the job search process. Given the limited research pertaining to the experiences and support for international graduate students during the job search process in the field of HESA, this study provides valuable insights and implications for educators, institutions, and career support services to better address the needs of the diverse and growing demographic of the candidates.
The Contribution of Large Cooperatives to a Sustainable Development: Data and Examples from the World Cooperative Monitor
Authors: Carini Chiara , Delvecchio Paola , Gotz Ilana
Published: July 2024

This chapter offers an overview of the size of large cooperatives active in different areas of the world and their contribution to achieving a productive model promoting more equitable and sustainable development.

This overview is based on the main results of the World Cooperative Monitor (WCM), a project promoted by the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA) with the scientific support of the European Research Institute on Cooperative and Social Enterprises (Euricse) to gather robust data on large cooperatives, mutuals, and non-cooperative organisations controlled by cooperatives all around the world—data that shows not only such enterprises’ economic importance but also the impact that cooperatives and mutuals around the world have on their members and communities.

In detail, the chapter presents some of the main results obtained in the 12 editions of the project focusing on the economic size of cooperatives, their contribution during the Covid-19 crisis and, more generally, their contribution to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Research on Performance Evaluation of Different Dosages of Hot Recycled Asphalt Mixtures Based on High Temperature Shear Resistance
Authors: You Jiahua , Xi Cong , Zhang Zhaojie , Fu Guohua , Zhang Huan
Published: July 2024

Recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) is incorporated into AC-25C asphalt mixture at varying percentages—25%, 40%, and 60%—to assess the high-temperature performance through rutting and uniaxial penetration tests. The research reveals that as the RAP content increases, there is a significant improvement in the high-temperature performance of the asphalt mixture. Notably, at a 40% RAP content, the dynamic stability and penetration strength exhibit the most substantial enhancement. However, at a 60% RAP content, the high-temperature performance of the recycled mixture is markedly lower than at 40%, and the dynamic stability fails to meet the relevant requirements specified in JTG F40–2004. Furthermore, the study observes a notable increase in cohesion (C) as the hot recycled asphalt mixture's RAP content rises, leading to an extended stress retention stage compared to the conventional uniaxial penetration test process. Additionally, the stress retention stage becomes longer with the increasing RAP content.
Research on Preparation Technology and Properties of Grouting Materials for Prefabricated Buildings
Authors: Hu Jian , Gao Xiaohong , Wen Zengyin , Wen Guojiao , Zhang Miao
Published: July 2024

Sleeve grouting materials are important to connect steel bars in prefabricated buildings since their quality and properties not only affect the stability, safety, and seismic capacity of buildings but also influence the operation of buildings. Quality issues in grouting materials can potentially result in joint damage and embrittlement, which may compromise the safety and service life of buildings, thereby leading to an increase in maintenance costs. Consequently, appropriate grouting materials should be carefully selected according to the operational characteristics of the buildings. This study conducted experiments to analyze the properties of grouting materials under different cement-sand ratios, with the cement-sand ratio of 1.0 selected as the base grout of grouting material. Subsequently, the orthogonal test method was employed to investigate the correlations between the properties of grouting materials and varying amounts of water reducers, expansion agents, and silica fume. Through this analysis, the optimal mixing amounts were determined as 15.7 g, 1.2 g, and 42 g for water reducers, expansion agents, and silica fume, respectivelys. Finally, based on the foregoing conclusions, a high-performance sleeve grouting material with a 3 h compressive strength of 40 MPa was successfully developed by adding sulphoaluminate and lithium carbonate. This study provides some references for the production and application of sleeve grouting materials.
Study on the Optimization of Proportioning and Mechanism of Polymer Composite Repair Mortar Based on Dual Objectives of Shrinkage and Mechanical Performance
Authors: Li Kai , Zhao Gang , Jiang Ming , Guo Kuixiang , Cui Yu , Wang Jinsong
Published: July 2024

This study aims to optimize the proportion of polymer composite repair mortar, with the objectives of enhancing its mechanical properties and reducing shrinkage, to ensure its application value in non-excavation repair construction of underground sewage pipelines. By taking the dosage of Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC), Cement-based Crystalline Capillary Waterproofing (CCCW), and Polypropylene Fiber (PPF) as key influencing factors, the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to design and optimize the proportions for 28-day compressive strength and 7-day shrinkage. The study not only analyzed the impact of the interaction of these factors on the material properties but also conducted microstructure analysis through SEM and XRD to reveal the reinforcement mechanism. The optimization results indicate that the optimal dosages of HPMC, CCCW, and PPF are 0.306%, 0.423%, respectively, achieving the predicted optimal performance, i.e., 28-day compressive strength of 73.6 MPa and 7-day shrinkage of 133.98 μm, with experimental verification errors of 2.3% and 4.5%, respectively. The achievements of this study provide important theoretical basis and practical guidance for developing high-performance, low-shrinkage repair materials, demonstrating the integration of traditional civil engineering practices with modern scientific methodologies, and contributing to the field of construction materials.
On the role of sliding friction effect in nonlinear tri-hybrid vibration-based energy harvesting
Authors: Wang Jiamei , Lai Siukai , Wang Chen , Zhang Yiting , Chen Zhaolin
Published: July 2024

This work aims to develop an experimental investigation into the effectiveness of the sliding-mode approach for hybrid vibration-based energy harvesting. A proposed sliding-mode triboelectric-electromagnetic-piezoelectric energy harvesting model involves a cantilever beam with a tip mass exposed to magnetic and frictional forces. The experimental findings indicate that the system can achieve its peak inter-well oscillation output within a low-frequency range of 4Hz–6Hz. Friction has a lesser impact on the open-circuit voltage output at an excitation acceleration of 1.5g compared with 1g. The distribution of tri-stability changes with the presence of friction. This model provides a deeper understanding of the influence of the dry friction coefficient (0.2–0.5) on the interactive behaviors of different generator units.
Towards Direct Numerical Simulations of Reactivity-Controlled Compression Ignition Engine Using n-Octanol/Ethanol Fuel Blends
Authors: Premkumar Antony , Loffredo Francesca , Pitsch Heinz , Klein Markus
Published: July 2024

The results of a two-dimensional direct numerical simulation of a lean n-octanol-ethanol fuel blend under Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) conditions are presented in this paper. Stratified temperature and high reactivity fuel fields of Gaussian, bi-modal, and log-normal distributions are studied for uncorrelated and correlated scenarios. The pimple loop is made to run twice to achieve compression heating. A chemical mechanism with 171 species and 734 reactions was developed to capture autoignition characteristics and flame propagation reasonably well. Diagnosing techniques published in the literature are used to determine whether the flame fronts are spontaneously propagating or not. As reported previously for other fuel blends under RCCI conditions, both deflagration and spontaneous ignition flame fronts are observed to co-exist. Gaussian, bi-modal, and log-normal fields respectively move towards a spontaneously igniting mode. Correlating temperature and high reactivity fuel fields not only makes combustion more spontaneously igniting but also more premixed. The analysis reveals the sensitivity of the DNS results with respect to the initial conditions which accordingly should be chosen with care.
An intelligent model for efficient load forecasting and sustainable energy management in sustainable microgrids
Authors: Onteru Rupesh Rayalu , Sandeep V.
Published: July 2024

Microgrids have emerged as a promising solution for enhancing energy sustainability and resilience in localized energy distribution systems. Efficient energy management and accurate load forecasting are one of the critical aspects for improving the operation of microgrids. Various approaches for energy prediction and load forecasting using statistical models are discussed in the literature. In this work, a novel energy management framework that incorporates machine learning (ML) techniques is presented for an accurate prediction of solar and wind energy generation. The anticipated approach also emphasizes time series-based load forecasting in microgrids with precise estimation of State of Charge (SoC) of battery. A unique feature of the proposed framework is that utilizes historical load data and employs time series analysis coupled with different ML models to forecast the load demand in a commercial microgrids scenario. In this work, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Linear Regression (LR) models are employed for an experimental analysis to study the proposed framework under three different cases, such as (i) prediction of energy generation, (ii) load demand forecasting and, (iii) prediction of SoC of battery. The results show that the Random Forest (RF) and LSTM models performs well for energy prediction and load forecasting respectively. On the other hand, the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model exhibited superior accuracy in terms of SoC estimation. Further, in this work, a Graphical User Interface (GUI) is developed for evaluating the efficacy of the proposed energy management framework.
Effects of short-term, high-dose cocoa-derived flavanol supplementation on gut microbiota composition: secondary findings from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study
Authors: Suther Cassandra , Alba Billie , Yurkevicius Beau R. , Radcliffe Patrick N. , Fagnant Heather S. , Castellani John , Karl J. Philip
Published: July 2024

Cocoa-derived flavanols (CDF) may act as prebiotics. However, evidence is inconsistent, and the duration and dose of CDF intake needed to elicit any prebiotic effect are undefined. This randomized, double-blind, crossover study determined the effects of short-term, high-dose dietary supplementation with CDF versus matched placebo on gut microbiota composition in 8 healthy adults. A single faecal sample was collected 8 d after supplementation with 900 mg/d CDF or placebo. Gut microbiota composition and Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. abundance were measured as secondary outcomes by 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) amplicon sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, respectively. No between-treatment differences in the relative or absolute abundance of Bifidobacterium spp. (Cohen’s d = 0.89, P = 0.22) or Lactobacillus spp. (Cohen’s d = 0.42, P = 0.65) were detected. Shannon diversity (Cohen’s d = 0.38, P = 0.04) and overall community richness (Cohen’s d = 0.34, P = 0.06) were lower following CDF supplementation versus placebo, but no between-treatment differences in β-diversity or taxa relative abundances were observed. Findings are not consistent with a clear prebiotic effect of this short-term, high-dose CDF supplementation strategy relative to placebo.
Co-administration of xylo-oligosaccharides produced by immobilized Aspergillus terreus xylanase with carbimazole to mitigate its adverse effects on the adrenal gland
Authors: Nour Shaimaa A. , Foda Doaa S. , Elsehemy Islam A. , Hassan Mohamed E.
Published: July 2024

Carbimazole has disadvantages on different body organs, especially the thyroid gland and, rarely, the adrenal glands. Most studies have not suggested any solution or medication for ameliorating the noxious effects of drugs on the glands. Our study focused on the production of xylooligosaccharide (XOS), which, when coadministered with carbimazole, relieves the toxic effects of the drug on the adrenal glands. In addition to accelerating the regeneration of adrenal gland cells, XOS significantly decreases the oxidative stress caused by obesity. This XOS produced by Aspergillus terreus xylanase was covalently immobilized using microbial Scleroglucan gel beads, which improved the immobilization yield, efficiency, and operational stability. Over a wide pH range (6–7.5), the covalent immobilization of xylanase on scleroglucan increased xylanase activity compared to that of its free form. Additionally, the reaction temperature was increased to 65 °C. However, the immobilized enzyme demonstrated superior thermal stability, sustaining 80.22% of its original activity at 60 °C for 120 min. Additionally, the full activity of the immobilized enzyme was sustained after 12 consecutive cycles, and the activity reached 78.33% after 18 cycles. After 41 days of storage at 4 °C, the immobilized enzyme was still active at approximately 98%. The immobilized enzyme has the capability to produce xylo-oligosaccharides (XOSs). Subsequently, these XOSs can be coadministered alongside carbimazole to mitigate the adverse effects of the drug on the adrenal glands. In addition to accelerating the regeneration of adrenal gland cells, XOS significantly decreases the oxidative stress caused by obesity.
Predicting bentonite swelling pressure: optimized XGBoost versus neural networks
Authors: Utkarsh  , Jain Pradeep Kumar
Published: July 2024

The swelling pressure of bentonite and bentonite mixtures is critical in designing barrier systems for deep geological radioactive waste repositories. Accurately predicting the maximum swelling pressure is essential for ensuring these systems' long-term stability and sealing characteristics. In this study, we developed a constrained machine learning model based on the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithm tuned with grey wolf optimization (GWO) to determine the maximum swelling pressure of bentonite and bentonite mixtures. A dataset containing 305 experimental data points was compiled, including relevant soil properties such as montmorillonite content, liquid limit, plastic limit, plasticity index, initial water content, and soil dry density. The GWO-XGBoost model, incorporating a penalty term in the loss function, achieved an R2 value of 0.9832 and an RMSE of 0.5248 MPa in the testing phase, outperforming feed-forward and cascade-forward neural network models. The feature importance analysis revealed that dry density and montmorillonite content were the most influential factors in predicting maximum swelling pressure. While the developed model demonstrates high accuracy and reliability, it may have limitations in capturing extreme values due to the complex nature of bentonite swelling behavior. The proposed approach provides a valuable tool for predicting the maximum swelling pressure of bentonite-based materials under various conditions, supporting the design and analysis of effective barrier systems in geotechnical engineering applications.
Investigating adhesion of primary human gingival fibroblasts and osteoblasts to orthodontic mini-implants by scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Reimers Sarah Nadine Mirja , Es-Souni Martha , Şen Sinan
Published: July 2024

Miniscrews offer controlled anchorage and thus optimize tooth movement in orthodontic treatment. Nevertheless, failures such as soft tissue problems, instability due to loosening, partial osseointegration, or even device fracture can occur. While clinical technique can play a role in some of these problems, the manufacturer’s design and material choice influence how the implant interacts with the surrounding tissue. In some cases, the design and material may trigger unwanted bone and soft tissue responses. This in vitro study investigates how the implant surface affects cell adhesion and growth of human primary fibroblasts and osteoblasts on commercially available orthodontic TiAl6V4 miniscrews from three producers: tomas-pin SD N 08 (Dentaurum), OrthoEasy Pin (Forestadent), and Dual Top G2 (Promedia, Jeil Medical). Cell–implant interaction at the top, neck, and drilling part of the screws was assessed qualitatively by scanning electron microscopy. While both cell types adhered to and grew on all products, subtle differences in cell shape and spreading were detected, depending on the microstructure of the implant surface. This indicates that cell adhesion to implant surfaces can be controlled by manipulating the machining conditions.
Studying and mapping natural complexes of the piedmont plain of the Dokuchaev ridge (Kunashir island, Great Kuril ridge)
Authors: Grishchenko Mikhail Y. , Grigoryan Alina G. , Aldoshin Ilya A. , Lipovetskaya Mariya A. , Krylova Anna A. , Podgornyi Oleg M.
Published: July 2024

The article presents the findings of geosystems studies of the piedmont accumulative plain located between the mountain massifs of Dokuchaev ridge and Tyatya volcano on the Kunashir island. The plain is a unique natural object, as denudation prevails in the Kuril Islands and accumulative forms are not widespread here. Field surveys of vegetation, soils and topography were carried out according to standard methods. Ultrahigh spatial resolution satellite image, topographic maps and scientific literature were also used as materials. As a result, thematic maps were compiled and features of spatial distribution of geosystems were identified.
Mercury in the landscape components of the Don River Delta
Authors: Mikhailenko Anna V. , Fedorov Yuri A. , Mikhailevich Anna I. , Kostenko Daria F.
Published: July 2024

The Don River Delta acts as a protective environmental barrier to the washout of pollutants from adjacent drainage areas. The priority pollutant is mercury, which comes as an industrial, agricultural and domestic wastewater`s part. The mercury concentrations levels in soils were determined by expeditionary and laboratory studies: the indicators ranged from 0,025 to 0,082 μg/g d.m. in the sandy-psammophyte meadow (section №1), in the sandy steppe (section №2) – from 0,012 to 0,022 μg/g d.m., in the true meadow (section №3) – from 0,027 to 0,4 μg/g d.m. and on the landscape with near-water vegetation (section №4) – from 0,035 to 0,565 μg/g d.m. The mercury accumulation in soils according to concentration coefficients is noted in the series «the Near-water landscape(13,5) > the True meadow landscape(5,9) > the Sandy-psammophyte meadow landscape(2,5) > the Sandy steppe landscape(1)». It was found that the soil moisture increased from the section №1 to the section №4 (on average from 18,06 to 35,4%), and the highest total biomass was recorded on the sandy-psammophyte landscape (46,55 t/ha) and the landscape with near-water vegetation (41,85 t/ha).
Spectral phenology features of Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco
Authors: Dmitriev Pavel A. , Kozlovsky Boris L. , Dmitrieva Anastasia A.
Published: July 2024

Spectral plant phenology, based on time series of vegetation indices, is a useful tool for monitoring vegetation condition and climatic changes. The chlorophyll/carotenoid index (CCI) and photochemical reflectance index (PRI) show promise for spectral phenology of coniferous plants. This study evaluates the potential of using CCI, PRI, and the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) as phenological metrics for Platycladus orientalis. The study found a strong correlation between the annual dynamics of the chlorophyll/carotenoid ratio (Chl/Car) and the time series of CCI (R2 = 0.89, p < 0.001) and PRI (R2 = 0.85, p < 0.001). The CCI time series was used to determine the beginning and end of the phenological vegetation period (PVP) of P. orientalis through a double logistic regression model. The PRI model had an error of approximately two weeks in predicting the beginning and end of the PVP, with a tendency to overestimate the duration of the PVP. The use of NDVI as a model is unsuitable for describing the P. orientalis 2023 PVP.
Proliferative activity of normal tissues and malignant tumors during infestation of the organism by a biotic ecopathogen
Authors: Rybka Angelina , Sholomov Igor , Brandt Anna
Published: July 2024

The article shows the role of metabolites of metacercariae and opisthorchiae in the induction of proliferative activity of somatic cells of the hepatobiliary system and other organs. The importance of cellular and tissue bioregulators in increasing the level of proliferative activity of various tissues in organisms infested by the trematode Opisthorchis felineus is considered. It follows from the data obtained that the biological function of a tissue-specific keilon–containing effector produced by differentiated cells and inhibiting cell proliferation based on the biological feedback principle, in comparison with the background of prolonged parasitization of this ecopathogenic helminth in the hepatobiliary system of the body, decreases. There is also a decrease in the sensitivity of somatic cells to a tissue-specific growth inhibiting factor. It follows that the activation of cellular and tissue proliferation of animals longterm infested by opisthorchiasis is also due to a violation of the mechanisms of regulation of cellular and tissue homeostasis. This is confirmed by an increase in the growth rate of syngenic malignant tumors, as well as a modification of the effect of homologous leukocyte interferon from an inhibitor of the malignant process to an activator.
Environmental safety of wild plants in the republic of Tatarstan by heavy metals content
Authors: Sibgatullina Madina , Valeeva Guzel
Published: July 2024

Based on the results of biogeochemical studies in the territory of Western Predkamye (Pestrechinsky, Mamadyshsky, Zelenodolsky districts), Eastern Zakamye (Almetyevsky, Bugulminsky districts), Predvolzhye regions (Verkhneuslonsky district) of the Republic of Tatarstan and the Kazan city, the range of heavy metals natural concentrations in the herbaceous vegetation was determined. It has been established that the heavy metals content in herbaceous plants of the Republic of Tatarstan does not exceed the world average clarke. Separate local biogeochemical specializations of plants determined by the natural geochemical background of the region have been established. Wild plants species in the Zelenodolsky district were identified with Pb and Cd content exceeds the established standards.
The study of fermented compound feeds from agricultural production waste and processing industry
Authors: Karmazin A.P. , Mironova O.A. , Mironova A.A.
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to the study of quality and safety indicators of compound feeds made from agricultural and processing industry waste under the influence of microbiological fermentation. Compound feeds of the following formulation were studied: recipe No. 1: beer pellet -40%; wheat bran – 20.0 %; sunflower cake - 20%; mushroom substrate – 20%; recipe No. 2: beer pellet - 40%; wheat bran – 10.0%; sunflower cake - 10 %; mushroom substrate – 30%; recipe No. 3: beer pellet – 40%; wheat bran – 10.0%; sunflower cake - 20%; mushroom substrate – 20 %; recipe No. 4: beer pellet - 29%; wheat bran – 54.0%; sunflower cake - 17%; recipe No. 5: beer pellet – 25%; soy – 75.0%. The purpose of our research was to study the quality and safety indicators of compound feeds made up of agricultural and processing industry waste after microbiological fermentation with Lesnov's starter culture. It has been established that recipes No. 5 and No. 4 are the most preferable in terms of the content of metabolic energy for cattle, sheep, pigs and poultry. The content of mycotoxins (aflatoxin B1, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, ochratoxin A, T-2 toxin), microscopic mold fungi and yeast, pesticides (malathion, pyrimithophosmethyl, cypermethrin, diflubenzuron), nitrates and nitrites, lead, arsenic, cadmium and mercury in fermented compound feeds of various formulations did not exceed MDU; GMO not detected. When choosing recipes, it is necessary to take into account the physicochemical parameters of fermented compound feeds and the peculiarities of animal digestion (single-chamber or multi-chamber stomachs).
Green Synthesis Silver Nanoparticles using Quercus infectoria Gall
Authors: Kirana Oka Shinta Sekar , Shobah Fatimah Nurus , Muslih Zulfa Syaifana , Rozafia Ade Irma , Utomo Wahyu Prasetyo , Hartanto Djoko
Published: July 2024

In this study, green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was conducted using Quercus infectoria Gall (QIG) extract with AgNO3/QIG extract volume ratios of 1:1, 4:1, and 8:1. The synthesis successfully resulted in AgNPs, indicated by a color change to orange- brown and analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, yielding wavelengths in the range of 425 nm to 440 nm. Subsequently, each AgNP was analyzed using a particle size analyzer, resulting in particle diameter sizes of 5.48 nm, 79.88 nm, and 108 nm, respectively, and their stability was analyzed using a zeta sizer, yielding zeta potentials of -52.18 mV, -48.01 mV, and -24.86 mV.
Ecological and economic assessment of nuclear power as a low-carbon energy source
Authors: Dvinin Dmitry , Davankov Aleksey , Malygin Nikita , Sidelnikov Pavel
Published: July 2024

The research has carried out a multi-criteria assessment of nuclear power as a low-carbon energy source. The peculiarity of the research lies in the comparative analysis of nuclear power with both renewable energy sources and sources using fossil fuels with carbon dioxide capture technologies. The assessment uses three criteria: specific carbon dioxide emission, specific value of material consumption in MInumbers, and electrical power costs value in LCOE/LEC. The criteria make it possible to characterize nuclear power in a holistic way while comparing it with other sources of low-carbon energy in terms of reducing carbon dioxide emissions possibility, capital and operating costs for electrical power production, and minimizing overall negative impact on the transformation and violation of biosphere material and energy flows. The work reveals that the integrated ecological and economic efficiency of nuclear power is higher than that of gas and coal-fired power stations with carbon dioxide capture technologies, but it is lower than that of renewable energy sources. The reasons are the increased cost of nuclear power and its relatively high specific water consumption.
Analysis of the Agroecological Behavior of Family Farmers in Nova Friburgo (Brazil) and Mendoza (Argentina), Based on the Application of Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Antonio Gerson José Yunes , Assis Renato Linhares de , Krykhtine Fabio Luiz Peres , Vianna Mônica Santana , Torres João Paulo Machado
Published: July 2024

The analysis of agroecological behaviors, based on indicators using a mathematical system to support decision-making, is something very unusual in academia. Therefore, we propose the use of indicators that take into account the qualitative and quantitative nature. The hypothesis assumes that information expressed through natural language, proposed in fuzzy logic, can lead to a better adaptation of data processing from informants. The comparative perspective addresses the environment and human beings, with their customs and productions in Nova Friburgo (Brazil) and Mendoza (Argentina), and uses fuzzy methodology, in order to facilitate modeling and make the problem solution more viable and realistic for several complex problems, involving many variables. As a result, we have a model that can analyze and identify which factors (peasantry, sustainability, social organization and rural development agency) and respective indicators make the greatest contribution to the adoption of agroecological practices. Encouraging decision makers and policymakers to strategically reflect on scenarios, in the context of the agroecological transition, is fundamental and can be facilitated by implementing an innovative monitoring and evaluation approach.
Applying machine learning techniques to waste classification: Development and analysis of a mobile application
Authors: Polyantseva Ksenia , Erofeeva Viktoriya
Published: July 2024

Modern society is facing a large-scale problem of waste disposal, which is attracting more and more attention from both researchers and the public. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA), the total generation of solid household waste in the world is about 2,924 million tons, which is approximately 1,2 kg per person per day. Using the hierarchy analysis method, an analysis of current commercial solutions was performed. As a result of a comparative analysis of applications, it was found that the model of the developed application surpasses the considered analogues according to the stated criteria.
Title, abstract and keywords: a practical guide to maximize the visibility and impact of academic papers
Authors: Pottier Patrice , Lagisz Malgorzata , Burke Samantha , Drobniak Szymon M. , Downing Philip A. , Macartney Erin L. , Martinig April Robin , Mizuno Ayumi , Morrison Kyle , Pollo Pietro , Ricolfi Lorenzo , Tam Jesse , Williams Coralie , Yang Yefeng , Nakagawa Shinichi
Published: July 2024

In a growing digital landscape, enhancing the discoverability and resonance of scientific articles is essential. Here, we offer 10 recommendations to amplify the discoverability of studies in search engines and databases. Particularly, we argue that the strategic use and placement of key terms in the title, abstract and keyword sections can boost indexing and appeal. By surveying 230 journals in ecology and evolutionary biology, we found that current author guidelines may unintentionally limit article findability. Our survey of 5323 studies revealed that authors frequently exhaust abstract word limits—particularly those capped under 250 words. This suggests that current guidelines may be overly restrictive and not optimized to increase the dissemination and discoverability of digital publications. Additionally, 92% of studies used redundant keywords in the title or abstract, undermining optimal indexing in databases. We encourage adopting structured abstracts to maximize the incorporation of key terms in titles, abstracts and keywords. In addition, we encourage the relaxation of abstract and keyword limitations in journals with strict guidelines, and the inclusion of multilingual abstracts to broaden global accessibility. These recommendations to editors are designed to improve article engagement and facilitate evidence synthesis, thereby aligning scientific publishing with the modern needs of academic research.
Leadership, spirituality and empowerment: examining the experiences of women of color in fortune 500 companies
Authors: Sengupta Ayesha , Follmer Kayla , Louis Debra
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This paper investigates the meaning of spirituality and empowerment from the perspective of women of color (WOC) in Fortune 500 companies how it impacts their leadership.

Design/methodology/approach

Detailed data were collected through in depth semi-structured interviews documenting their experience as lived in the context of their daily work environments. Twelve WOC in leadership positions were interviewed, and transcripts analyzed using thematic analysis. Their narratives provide insight into the experiences of discrimination and bias and the stress and disenfranchisement that result from these experiences.

Findings

Analysis shows that for these women, spirituality was more than a philosophical orientation but comprised a core facet of their identity, empowering them to cope with adversity and uplift others through a leadership style defined by compassion, trust, strong interpersonal relationships and purpose.

Practical implications

Implications for creating more compassionate and inclusive environments that draw on principles of empowerment and spiritual leadership are provided.

Originality/value

This study contributes uniquely to the literature by exploring the perspectives of understudied women leaders who identify as African American, South-Asian and Latina on spirituality and empowerment and their impact on their leadership.
How mineral resources rent collaborate with consumer price index, environmental policies, and economic performance in Türkiye and India: Evidence from artificial neural networks and machine learning
Authors: Nazir Aqsa , Iqbal Munawar , Mehmood Usman , Haq Zia Ul , Rana Asim Daud , Alofaysan Hind
Published: July 2024

Taking focus on the possible effects on welfare and environmental issues in Türkiye and India, this study explores the relationship between the leasing of mineral resources (MRs), economic performance, use of renewable energy, and environmental policies. The study estimates changes in MRs throughout economic expansion using artificial intelligence (artificial neural network [ANN]) and supervised machine learning (SML). It focuses on important variables like index of stringency of environmental policies and the consumer price index, the conclusions of the ANN, ensemble method, and ML studies show how sensitive quarterly changes in the rent on MRs are to changes in the consumer price index, economic performance, and the use of renewable energy. Evaluation criteria such as root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), mean square error (MSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and coefficient of determination highlight how much better ML models predict outcomes than ANN trials. In particular, the ML findings show an outstanding R2 of 0.99, an MAE of 0.6625, an MSE of 0.8324, a MAPE of 35.3677, and an RMSE of 0.9123 for India. Türkiye's machine learning results, on the other hand, display an MAE of 0.0164, an MSE of 0.0007, MAPE of 66.1594, RMSE of 0.0279, and a strong R2 of 0.98. For ANN, the error histogram is plotted to assess the model. The extremely low value of 0.0090 and 0.010, respectively, for Türkiye and India on the error histogram reflects the exceptional prediction quality. Türkiye and India have abundant MRs; however, they must be managed correctly for long‐term sustainability. Future researchers may verify this work using time series or panel data from other disciplines. This study examines factors affecting sustainable economic growth, including MR use, environmental policies, and eco‐friendly innovations. Other indicators, such as energy efficiency, carbon dioxide emissions, renewable energy consumption, and global value chain participation, may provide a different perspective. This study's conclusions should be verified by more research employing other geographic locations and others machine learning methods, as well as to illustrate how sustainable development is influenced by other variables.
Targeting Syntaxin 1A via RNA interference inhibits feeding and midgut development in Locusta migratoria
Authors: Liu Xiaojian , Gao Ya , Li Yao , Zhang Jianzhen
Published: July 2024

Syntaxin 1A (Syx1A) has diverse and indispensable functions in animals. Previous studies have mainly focused on the roles of Syx1A in Drosophila, and so how Syx1A operates during the development of other insects remains poorly understood. This study investigated whether disrupting LmSyx1A using RNA interference (RNAi) affects the growth and development of Locusta migratoria. LmSyx1A was expressed in all tissues tested, with the highest expression observed in the fat body. After 5th‐instar nymphs were injected with double‐stranded LmSyx1A (dsLmSyx1A), none of the nymphs were able to molt normally and all eventually died. The silencing of LmSyx1A resulted in the cessation of feeding, body weight loss, and atrophy of the midgut and gastric cecum in locusts. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining showed that the columnar cells in the midgut were severely damaged, with microvilli defects visible in dsLmSyx1A‐injected nymphs. Secretory vesicles were observed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) further indicates that silencing LmSyx1A repressed the expression of genes involved in the insulin/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)‐associated nutritional pathway. Taken together, these results suggest that LmSyx1A significantly affects the midgut cell layer of locust nymphs, which was partially associated with the downregulation of the insulin/mTOR‐associated nutritional pathway. Thus, we argue that LmSyx1A is a suitable target for developing dsRNA‐based biological pesticides for managing L. migratoria.