bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of attachment avoidance and defensive fight in aggression
Authors: Karantzas Gery C. , Kambouropoulos Nicolas
Published: April 2019

Attachment insecurity (i.e., levels of attachment anxiety and avoidance) is associated with interpersonal violence and aggression. However, evidence suggests that the associations are more consistent for attachment anxiety than for attachment avoidance. This raises questions as to whether there are particular moderators that may help to explain the lack of consistency in findings for attachment avoidance. In this article, we focus on a novel moderator regarding the association between attachment avoidance and aggression. Drawing on attachment theory, the aggression literature, and research into systems of threat detection, we suggest that the association between attachment avoidance and aggression may reflect a defensive fight (DF) response in situations of high relationship threat. Across two studies (Study 1, a self-report cross-sectional design; N = 128; Study 2, a cross-sectional experimental design, N = 126), we tested the extent that DF moderated the association between attachment avoidance and aggression under perceived relationship threat. In line with our suggestion, a three-way interaction was found across both studies between attachment avoidance, relationship threat, and DF. The findings have important theoretical and practical implications for the study of interpersonal aggression from an attachment theory perspective.
Anger regulation in interpersonal contexts: Anger experience, aggressive behavior, and cardiovascular reactivity
Authors: Beames Joanne R. , O’Dean Siobhan M. , Grisham Jessica R. , Moulds Michelle L. , Denson Thomas F.
Published: April 2019

The ability to regulate anger facilitates harmonious interactions with strangers, colleagues, friends, and romantic partners. We review the influence of four emotion regulation strategies (i.e., cognitive reappraisal, suppression, angry rumination, and mindfulness) on subjective anger experience, cardiovascular reactivity, and aggressive behavior. All studies included a real or implied social interaction (e.g., with a fictitious participant). We included research on individual differences in emotion regulation as well as experiments that manipulated emotion regulation strategies. The evidence suggests that cognitive reappraisal and mindfulness can buffer anger-related responses in interpersonal contexts. Angry rumination perpetuates anger and aggression. The effects of suppression are mixed. Our review highlights the need for additional research into the extent to which emotion regulation strategies influence provoked anger and aggression in different interpersonal contexts.
A nonparametric procedure for exploring differences in rating quality across test-taker subgroups in rater-mediated writing assessments
Authors: Wind Stefanie A.
Published: April 2019

Differences in rater judgments that are systematically related to construct-irrelevant characteristics threaten the fairness of rater-mediated writing assessments. Accordingly, it is essential that researchers and practitioners examine the degree to which the psychometric quality of rater judgments is comparable across test-taker subgroups. Nonparametric procedures for exploring these differences are promising because they allow researchers and practitioners to examine important characteristics of ratings without potentially inappropriate parametric transformations or assumptions. This study illustrates a nonparametric method based on Mokken scale analysis (MSA) that researchers and practitioners can use to identify and explore differences in the quality of rater judgments between subgroups of test-takers. Overall, the results suggest that MSA provides insight into differences in rating quality across test-taker subgroups based on demographic characteristics. Differences in the degree to which raters adhere to basic measurement properties suggest that the interpretation of ratings may vary across subgroups. The implications of this study for research and practice are discussed.
Initial experience with a new pharmacomechanical thrombectomy device for deep venous thrombosis: Report of 91 cases
Authors: Bozok Şahin , Tayfur Kaptanıderya
Published: April 2019

Background

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmacomechanical thrombectomy using a new rotational thrombectomy device with additional thrombus-removal methods for deep venous thrombosis.

Methods

A total of 91 patients admitted to our tertiary center with symptomatic iliac, ilio-femoral, femoro-popliteal deep venous thrombosis and who underwent hybrid pharmacomechanical thrombectomy constituted the study group. Postinterventional color Doppler ultrasonography was repeated at 1st, 6th, and 12th months. Villalta scoring system was used to evaluate the patients for the development of post-thrombotic syndrome after deep venous thrombosis. The patient-reported severity of pain in the index leg was measured on a Likert scale.

Results

Of the 91 patients whose charts were reviewed, the location of thrombus was iliofemoral in 60 (65.9%) and femoropopliteal in 31 (34.1%) patients, respectively. Duration of symptoms was 5.62 ± 3.43 (range, 2–15) days. Technical success was observed in 82 patients (90.1%) at 3 months, in 77 patients (84.6%) at 6 months, and in 74 patients (81.3%) at 12 months. Villalta score was over 10 points in 15 of 17 patients whose Doppler US revealed venous occlusions, at 12 months, and in 8 patients with recurrent deep venous thrombosis. Post-thrombotic syndrome was detected in 18 patients in our study. Twelve (13.2%) of these 18 patients had mild, 5 (5.5%) moderate, and 1 (1.1%) severe PTS. In predicting predisposing factors in 18 patients with PTS, 13 patients (72.2%) had a Villalta score ≥10, 10 patients (55.6%) had experienced a delayed endovascular procedure (≥10 days), and 8 patients (44.4%) had recurrent deep venous thrombosis.

Conclusion

The endovenous pharmacomechanical thrombectomy with the Mantis thrombectomy device in the treatment of acute and subacute iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis is a promising approach in terms of efficacy and safety in the early period regarding reasonable and long-term prevention of post-thrombotic syndrome, development of pulmonary thromboembolism, and adequate venous system patency.
Strategizing the for-profit city: The state, developers, and urban production in Mega Manila
Authors: Mouton Morgan , Shatkin Gavin
Published: April 2019

This article explores the evolving role of real estate developers in the wider metropolitan region of Manila, the Philippines. We argue that, given the relational nature of these actors, they are a relevant object of analysis for the formulation of “mid-level” theories that take into account both global, macroeconomic trends and local, history-dependent contingencies.

 As we consider developers’ activities and interactions with a wide range of public and private actors, we retrace their gradual empowerment since the beginning of the postcolonial period. As a handful of powerful land-owning families created real estate development companies, urban production quickly became dominated by a strong oligarchy capable of steering urban development outside the realm of public decision-making. Philippine developers subsequently strengthened their capacity by stepping into infrastructure provision, seemingly expanding their autonomy further.

 More recently, however, we argue that while the role of private sector actors in shaping urban and regional trajectories has scaled up, their activities have been tethered more strongly to a state-sponsored vision of change. Both by reorienting public–private partnerships (PPP) toward its regional plans, and by initiating new forms of public–private partnerships that give it more control, the state is attempting to harness the activity of developers. We characterize this shift as a move from the “privatization of planning” to the “planning of privatization” of urban space.
Proposal and Application of a New Technique to Forecast Railway Track Damage Because of Track Profile Variations
Authors: Wehbi Mohamed , Bezgin Niyazi Özgür
Published: April 2019

This paper presents a new technique to estimate dynamic impact forces on railway tracks that develop because of variations in track profile. The approach presented uses a wavelet decomposition method to systematically define the irregular profile variation of a rough track length in relation to regular wavelet functions. These functions provide the regular profile variation parameters to estimate the dynamic impact forces using a new method proposed by Bezgin. This paper begins with an introduction of the proposed Bezgin Method and two equations developed by this method to estimate dynamic impact force factors that develop along descending track profiles, followed by the presentation of the wavelet decomposition method to represent the irregular variations in rough track profiles by wavelet functions. The paper then presents three case studies that involve track profile and stiffness measurements and track damage data collection along three railway tracks in the United Kingdom and continues with the applications of the wavelet decomposition method to the measured variations in the track profiles. The equations developed by the Bezgin Method then make use of the processed profile data to estimate the dynamic impact force factors along the railway tracks. The paper ends by correlating the estimated dynamic impact force factors to the damage data collected along the tracks and shows that there is a relation between the observed track damage and the estimated dynamic impact force factors. The proposed technique has, therefore, the potential applications to assess railway track conditions and forecast railway track damage.
Operational Impacts of Protected-Permitted Right-Turn Phasing and Pavement Markings on Bicyclist Performance during Conflicts with Right-Turning Vehicles
Authors: Ghodrat Abadi Masoud , Hurwitz David S.
Published: April 2019

Conflict between bicycles and right-turning vehicles on the approach to signalized intersections is a critical safety concern. To understand the operational implications of protected-permitted right-turn signal indications in conjunction with pavement markings on bicyclist performance, a full-scale bicycling simulator experiment was performed. Velocity and lateral position of bicyclists were evaluated during conflicts between bicycles and right-turning vehicles. A mixed factorial design was considered. Two within-subject factors were analyzed: the signal indication for right-turning vehicles with five levels (circular red, circular green, solid red arrow, solid green arrow, and flashing yellow arrow), and the pavement markings in the conflict area with two levels (white lane markings with no supplemental pavement color and white lane markings with solid green pavement applied in the conflict area). Additionally, the influence of gender as a between-subject variable was considered. Forty-eight participants (24 female) completed the experiment. Signal indications and pavement markings had statistically significant effects on bicyclist velocity and lateral position, but these effects varied at different factor levels. Additionally, during the conflicts, male participants were found to have higher velocity than female participants. This difference was not influenced by engineering treatments. The results provide guidance to transportation professionals about how traffic control devices could be applied to conflict areas on the approach to signalized intersections.
Back to Normal Symmetry? Biomechanical Variables Remain More Asymmetrical Than Normal During Jump and Change-of-Direction Testing 9 Months After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: King Enda , Richter Chris , Franklyn-Miller Andy , Wadey Ross , Moran Ray , Strike Siobhan
Published: April 2019

Background:

After anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), athletes have demonstrated performance asymmetries as compared with healthy cohorts, but little research has investigated if biomechanical asymmetries are also different during jump and change-of-direction (CoD) tasks between groups.

Purpose:

To identify if differences in magnitude of asymmetry of biomechanical and performance variables exist between these groups.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Analysis was conducted between 156 male patients 9 months after surgery and 62 healthy participants. Three-dimensional motion capture and analysis were carried out on a double-legged drop jump, a single-legged drop jump, a single-legged hop for distance, and planned and unplanned CoD. Asymmetry between limbs was calculated for each variable with root mean square difference between limbs. Statistical parametric mapping was used to identify the between-group differences in magnitude of asymmetry of performance and biomechanical variables.

Results:

There were differences in asymmetry of biomechanical variables across all jump and CoD tests, with greater asymmetries in the ACLR group. The majority of differences between groups were in the sagittal and frontal planes, with more differences found in the jump than CoD tests. The single-legged drop jump demonstrated large differences in performance asymmetry (effect size, 0.94) with small differences for both CoD tests (0.4) and none for the single-legged hop for distance.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated greater asymmetry of biomechanical variables 9 months after ACLR as compared with healthy participants across all tests, suggesting insufficient rehabilitation.

Clinical Relevance:

This study highlights the importance of including biomechanical as well as performance variables when assessing rehabilitation status after ACLR.

Registration:

NCT02771548 ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
Prospective Evaluation of Glenoid Bone Loss After First-time and Recurrent Anterior Glenohumeral Instability Events
Authors: Dickens Jonathan F. , Slaven Sean E. , Cameron Kenneth L. , Pickett Adam M. , Posner Matthew , Campbell Scot E. , Owens Brett D.
Published: April 2019

Background:

Determining the amount of glenoid bone loss in patients after anterior glenohumeral instability events is critical to guiding appropriate treatment. One of the challenges in treating the shoulder instability of young athletes is the absence of clear data showing the effect of each event.

Purpose:

To prospectively determine the amount of bone loss associated with a single instability event in the setting of first-time and recurrent instability.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

The authors conducted a prospective cohort study of 714 athletes surveilled for 4 years. Baseline assessment included a subjective history of shoulder instability. Bilateral noncontrast shoulder magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was obtained for all participants with and without a history of previous shoulder instability. The cohort was prospectively followed during the study period, and those who sustained an anterior glenohumeral instability event were identified. Postinjury MRI with contrast was obtained and compared with the screening MRI. Glenoid width was measured for each patient’s pre- and postinjury MRI. The projected total glenoid bone loss was calculated and compared for patients with a history of shoulder instability.

Results:

Of the 714 athletes (1428 shoulders) who were prospectively followed during the 4-year period, 22 athletes (23 shoulders) sustained a first-time anterior instability event (5 dislocations, 18 subluxations), and 6 athletes (6 shoulders) with a history of instability sustained a recurrent anterior instability event (1 dislocation, 5 subluxations). On average, there was statistically significant glenoid bone loss (1.84 ± 1.47 mm) after a single instability event ( P < .001), equivalent to 6.8% (95% CI, 4.46%-9.04%; range, 0.71%-17.6%) of the glenoid width. After a first-time instability event, 12 shoulders (52%) demonstrated glenoid bone loss ≥5% and 4 shoulders, ≥13.5%; no shoulders had ≥20% glenoid bone loss. Preexisting glenoid bone loss among patients with a history of instability was 10.2% (95% CI, 1.96%-18.35%; range, 0.6%-21.0%). This bone loss increased to 22.8% (95% CI, 20.53%-25.15%; range, 21.2%-26.0%) after additional instability ( P = .0117). All 6 shoulders with recurrent instability had ≥20% glenoid bone loss.

Conclusion:

Glenoid bone loss of 6.8% was observed after a first-time anterior instability event. In the setting of recurrent instability, the total calculated glenoid bone loss was 22.8%, with a high prevalence of bony Bankart lesions (5 of 6). The findings of this study support early stabilization of young active patients after a first-time anterior glenohumeral instability event.
Influence of Acetabular Labral Tear Length on Outcomes After Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome With Capsular Plication
Authors: Chahla Jorge , Nwachukwu Benedict U. , Beck Edward C. , Neal William H. , Cancienne Jourdan , Okoroha Kelechi R. , Ahn Junyoung , Nho Shane J.
Published: April 2019

Background:

The literature on the effects of labral tear on patient-reported outcomes, midterm pain, and overall patient satisfaction is limited.

Purpose:

To determine the effect of labral tear length on postoperative outcomes after hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS).

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Consecutive patients undergoing primary hip arthroscopy for FAIS from January 2012 to January 2016 were identified in a prospectively collected database. All patients completed the Hip Outcome Score–Activities of Daily Living (HOS-ADL), Hip Outcome Score–Sports Subscale (HOS-SS), modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), and visual analog scale for pain and satisfaction. Patients were stratified by labral tear length into small (<2.5 cm) or large (≥2.5 cm) based on the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Patient characteristics and outcomes were analyzed with multivariate linear regression analyses to identify predictors of labral tear length. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine whether labral tear length predicted the likelihood of achieving the minimal clinically important difference.

Results:

Of the 747 eligible patients, 600 (80.3%) had 2-year reported outcomes and were included in the final analysis. Mean age, body mass index, and tear length were 33.5 ± 12.3 years, 25.4 ± 9.2 kg/m2, and 2.7 ± 0.7 cm, respectively. Men had higher frequency of large tears when compared with women (77% vs 43.7%, P < .001). Independent t test demonstrated significant differences in 2-year outcomes between patients with tears <2.5 and ≥2.5 cm, respectively: HOS-ADL (87.3 ± 16.3 vs 84.3 ± 18.1, P = .033), HOS-SS (76.6 ± 23.5 vs 70.5 ± 27.7, P = .005), mHHS (82.5 ± 18.0 vs 78.5 ± 18.2, P = .009), and satisfaction (83.5 ± 23.4 vs 77.8 ± 34.9, P = .026). Binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated that labral tear length is an independent predictor of visual analog scale for satisfaction, HOS-ADL, HOS-SS, and mHHS. Binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated that patients with small labral tears had a higher likelihood of achieving the minimal clinically important difference for the HOS-SS (odds ratio, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.39-1.92; P < .02) and the patient acceptable symptomatic state for the mHHS (odds ratio, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.11-2.2; P = .038) than those with larger tears.

Conclusion:

Labral tear length is independently predictive of patient-reported outcomes after hip arthroscopy for FAIS. Furthermore, patients with smaller tears (<2.5 cm) had better outcomes and a higher likelihood of achieving a minimal clinically important difference at 2-year follow-up. However, the mean differences between changes in pre- and postoperative outcomes were relatively small and may not be clinically meaningful.
Elective Shoulder Surgery in the Opioid Naïve: Rates of and Risk Factors for Long-term Postoperative Opioid Use
Authors: Leroux Timothy S. , Saltzman Bryan M. , Sumner Shelby A. , Maldonado-Rodriguez Naomi , Agarwalla Avinesh , Ravi Bheeshma , Cvetanovich Gregory L. , Veillette Christian J. , Verma Nikhil N. , Romeo Anthony A.
Published: April 2019

Background:

Little is known regarding the rates and risk factors for long-term postoperative opioid use among opioid-naïve patients undergoing elective shoulder surgery.

Purpose:

To identify (1) the proportion of opioid-naïve patients undergoing elective shoulder surgery, (2) the rates of postoperative opioid use among these patients, and (3) the risk factors associated with long-term postoperative opioid use.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A retrospective review of a private administrative claims database was performed to identify those individuals who underwent elective shoulder surgery between 2007 and 2015. “Opioid-naïve” patients were identified as those patients who had not filled an opioid prescription in the 180 days before the index surgery. Within this subgroup, we tracked postoperative opioid prescription refill rates and used a logistic regression to identify patient variables that were predictive for long-term opioid use, which we defined as continued opioid refills beyond 180 days after surgery. Results were reported as odds ratios (ORs).

Results:

Over the study period, 79,287 patients were identified who underwent elective shoulder surgery, of whom 79.5% were opioid naïve. Among opioid-naïve patients, the rate of postoperative opioid use declined over time, and 14.6% of patients were still using opioids beyond 180 days. The greatest proportion of opioid-naïve patients still filling opioid prescriptions beyond 180 days postoperatively was seen after open rotator cuff repair (20.9%), whereas arthroscopic labral repair had the lowest proportion (9.8%). Overall, a history of alcohol abuse (OR 1.56), a history of depression (OR 1.46), a history of anxiety (OR, 1.31), female sex (OR, 1.11), and higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (OR 1.02) had the most significant influence on the risk for long-term opioid use among opioid naïve patients.

Conclusions:

Most patients were opioid naïve before elective shoulder surgery; however, among opioid-naïve patients, 1 in 7 patients were still using opioids beyond 180 days after surgery. Among all variables, a history of mental illness most significantly increased the risk of long-term opioid use after elective shoulder surgery.
Circadian Clock Properties and Their Relationships as a Function of Free-Running Period in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Srivastava Manishi , Varma Vishwanath , Abhilash Lakshman , Sharma Vijay Kumar , Sheeba Vasu
Published: April 2019

The stability of circadian clock mechanisms under cyclic environments contributes to increased Darwinian fitness by accurately timing daily behavior and physiology. Earlier studies on biological clocks speculated that the timing of behavior and its accuracy are determined by the intrinsic period (τ) of the circadian clock under constant conditions, its stability, the period of the external cycle (T), and resetting of the clock by environmental time cues. However, most of these previous studies suffered from certain limitations, the major ones being a narrow range of examined τ values and a non-uniformity in the genetic background across the individuals tested. We present data that rigorously test the following hypotheses by employing Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies with τ ranging from 17 to 30 h in a uniform genetic background. We tested whether 1) precision (day-to-day stability of τ) is greater for clocks with τ close to 24 h; 2) accuracy (i.e., day-to-day stability of the phase relationship (ψ), where ψ is the duration between a phase of the rhythm and a phase of the external cycle) is greater for clocks with τ close to 24 h; 3) Ψ is delayed with an increase in τ; and 4) Ψ becomes more advanced with an increase in length of zeitgeber cycle (T). We show that precision is not always maximum for ~24-h clocks, but that accuracy is greatest when τ approximates T. Further, flies exhibit a delayed phase relationship with increasing τ and an advanced phase relationship under long T-cycles as compared with shorter T-cycles. We also describe relationships between activity and rest durations and how our observations fit predictions from models of circadian entrainment. Overall, we confirm that accuracy and phase of entrained rhythm are governed by both intrinsic clock period and the length of the external cycle; however, we find that the relationship between intrinsic period and precision does not fit previous predictions.
Made in New York: A Collaborative Model to Encourage Slow Fashion
Authors: Trejo Helen X. , Smith Haley A. , Trejo Nidia K. , Lewis Tasha L.
Published: April 2019

Slow fashion is an emerging movement that encourages local and sustainable fashion design as a community-based approach. There are over 470 sheep, alpaca, and goat fiber farms in New York (NY), as well as fiber processing mills to transform raw fibers into final products. A major issue identified by NY farmers is low income due to difficulties reaching their market. This is a four-part research study that involved (a) the development of the NY Regional Yarn Sourcebook with local yarns sourced from farmers, (b) a survey with NY farmers, (c) an analysis of fibers, and (d) the development of Made in NY scarves based on fiber science data. Using actor–network theory, we aim to develop a collaborative slow fashion model with farmers, fiber scientists, and designers for high-quality product development to support the long-term sustainability of small farms, fiber mills, and local design.
A method to control the amount of unbalance propagation in precise cylindrical components assembly
Authors: Sun Chuanzhi , Hu Ming , Liu Yongmeng , Zhang Maowei , Liu Zewei , Chen Danyang , Tan Jiubin
Published: April 2019

The article provides a novel method to control the amount of unbalance propagation in precise cylindrical components assembly, which takes the machining error, the measurement error, and the assembly error into account. The coefficient and the correction factor matrices of mass eccentric deviations are defined to analyze the amount of unbalance propagation by building the connective assembly model. The influence of the machining error, the measurement error, and the assembly error on the mass center is analyzed in the assembly. The cumulative mass eccentric deviation can be reduced stage by stage in the assembly, and the amount of unbalance of final assembly can be minimized by controlling the assembly angle of each component. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the assembly of the real aero-engine using the optimal assembly strategy. Compared to the worst assembly strategy, the values of the amount of unbalance using the optimal assembly strategy are reduced by 20%, 76%, and 79% for two, three, and four components assembly, respectively. Besides, the reasonable tolerance design area for each component is obtained with the proposed method for the real aero-engine assembly with four components. The proposed method can improve the assembly accuracy of cylindrical components and can be used for assembly guidance and tolerance design, especially for the assembly of multistage precise cylindrical components.
Lauric acid induce cell death in colon cancer cells mediated by the epidermal growth factor receptor downregulation: An in silico and in vitro study
Authors: Sheela DL , Narayanankutty A , Nazeem PA , Raghavamenon AC , Muthangaparambil SR
Published: April 2019

Coconut oil (CO) is enriched with medium chain saturated fatty acids like lauric acid (LA), capric acid and caprylic acid, which are known to have several health benefits. LA, the predominant fatty acid in CO, is reported to possess anticancer activity mediated through oxidative stress-induced apoptosis; however, there is no clear information on its cellular signalling mechanism. The present study screened the anticancer potential of various fatty acids present in CO (capric acid, caprylic acid and LA) using in silico tools such as CDOCKER in Accelrys Discovery Studio by targeting proteins like epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), cyclin-dependent kinase and thymidine synthase (TS). The results were further confirmed using cell culture-based studies and quantitative PCR. Among the tested compounds, LA was found to be the most active and showed a higher affinity towards EGFR and TS. Corroborating with these results, LA-induced dose-dependent cytotoxicity towards HCT-15 (human colon cancer), HepG2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma) and Raw 264.7 (murine macrophages) cells exhibiting morphological characteristics of apoptosis. Further, in HCT-15 cells exposed to LA (30 and 50 µg/mL), the expression of EGFR was found to be downregulated by 1.33- and 1.58-fold. The study thus concludes that the anticancer activity of LA may be partially mediated by the downregulation of EGFR signalling and consequent reduction in cell viability through apoptosis. Since EGFR signalling is crucial in cancer cell survival and is a prime target in drug development, the present study has pharmacological significance.
Entry Strategy and Export Marketing in Emerging Markets: A Small Player Case
Authors: Lorvoralak Peachayanant , Wongsurawat Winai
Published: April 2019

The internationalization of dominant market leaders such as Haier (China), Tata Group (India) and CEMEX (Mexico) in emerging economies has attracted immense amounts of interest among academic researchers. A less-explored area is how non-dominant, second-movers venture into the international market. How do small players connect with foreign customers while operating in the shadows of the industry leader? What decisions are serendipitous and what actions are deliberate? What are the key environmental factors and internal decisions that propel a secondary player to place more chips in the international market? This case study addresses these questions using an example of a construction material manufacturer from Southeast Asia. It is suitable as a discussion starter in an international business class, especially for topics such as entry strategy, export marketing and the organization of international business.
Book review: J. Swinnen, K. Deconinck, T. Vandemoortele and A. Vandeplas. 2015. Quality Standards, Value Chains and International Development: Economic and Political Theory
Authors: Bose Disha
Published: April 2019

J. Swinnen, K. Deconinck, T. Vandemoortele and A. Vandeplas. 2015. Quality Standards, Value Chains and International Development: Economic and Political Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 328 pp., US$39.99, ISBN: 9781139198912.
Fossil Fuels, GHG Emissions and Clean Energy Development: Asian Giants in a Comparative Perspective
Authors: Jain Varinder
Published: April 2019

Focusing on the major Asian economies of China, India and Japan, there is a three-fold objective of this article. First, it aims at ascertaining magnitude of fossil fuel dependence among Asian Giants; second, it tries to trace out consequent environmental impacts; and third, it aims at contrasting performance of Asian Giants in development of various types of clean energy, such as hydro, solar, wind and biomass-based electricity systems. In addition, it also examines nature of trade in climate smart energy technologies and the financing of investment for promoting growth of clean energy.
Assessment of Public and External Debt Sustainability Using Debt Dynamics Equation Approach: A Comparative Study of Pakistan and India
Authors: Chandia Khurram Ejaz , Riaz Sania , Javid Attiya Y. , Iqbal Muhammad Badar , Azam Mariam , Gul Ifra
Published: April 2019

The study examines the sustainability of public and external debt burden of Pakistan and India for the period 1971–2017. The debt dynamics equation for public debt uses two components for the analysis of public debt sustainability, namely, interest rate–growth rate differential and differential of primary budget balance-to-GDP and change of reserve money-to-GDP ratio. The equation for external debt dynamics also uses two components for the assessment of external debt sustainability, namely, current account balance-to-exports ratio and differential of exports growth and interest rate. The significance of the approach used in the current study lies in the fact that in case of evaluation of countries’ debt sustainability, it is quite necessary to monitor debt trends along with emerging domestic and external vulnerabilities and systemic risks that threaten debt sustainability. This phenomenon has been captured through debt dynamics approach, which is used in the current study. The results are based on the estimation of two equations, namely, debt dynamics equation for overall public debt sustainability and debt dynamics equation for external debt sustainability. The results of the study indicate that primary budget deficit and current account deficit have played a significant role in the accumulation of public debt and external debt, respectively in Pakistan and India. The study concludes that public debt and external debt of Pakistan and India are sustainable but in a weak form.
Are the Deadliest Mass Shootings Preventable? An Assessment of Leakage, Information Reported to Law Enforcement, and Firearms Acquisition Prior to Attacks in the United States
Authors: Lankford Adam , Adkins Krista Grace , Madfis Eric
Published: April 2019

This study examined the 15 deadliest public mass shootings in the United States from March 1998 to February 2018 to assess (a) leakage of violent thoughts/intent, (b) leakage of specific interest in mass killing, (c) concerning behaviors reported to law enforcement, (d) concerning interest in homicide reported to law enforcement, and (e) firearms acquisition. We then compared our findings on the deadliest public mass shooters with the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s (FBI) findings on active shooters in general. Overall, the results suggest that most incidents were indeed preventable based on information known about offenders in advance, and that the deadliest mass shooters exhibited more warning signs and were more often reported to law enforcement than other active shooters. Future prevention efforts should aim to educate, encourage, and pressure the public to report warning signs to law enforcement, educate and train law enforcement so that they can more effectively investigate potential threats, and limit firearms access for people who have admitted having homicidal or suicidal thoughts or being interested in committing a mass shooting. These relatively straightforward steps could significantly reduce the prevalence of future attacks.
Role of Immunohistochemistry in the Subtyping of Periampullary Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Bakshi Neha , Dhawan Shashi , Nundy Samiran , Rao Seema , Chopra Prem , Bhalla Sunita
Published: April 2019

Context. Subtyping of periampullary adenocarcinoma into intestinal and pancreatobiliary subtypes has emerged as an important prognostic factor with potential therapeutic implications. This distinction on morphology alone is often difficult with significant interobserver variability. Objective. To analyze the usefulness of a panel of immunohistochemistry (IHC) markers as an aid to morphologic subtyping of periampullary adenocarcinoma. Design. A total of 172 periampullary adenocarcinomas were classified morphologically by 3 study pathologists. Interobserver agreement was assessed in each case. Cases were then typed using a predetermined IHC panel (comprising CK7, CK20, MUC1, and CDX2). Results. Morphologically, 66 (38.4%) cases were intestinal, 56 (32.6%) pancreatobiliary, 25 (14.5%) mixed, 16 (9.3%) poorly differentiated, 6 (3.5%) mucinous, and 3 (1.7%) signet ring cell adenocarcinoma. Concordant diagnosis was reached in 138 cases (80.2%) with moderate overall interobserver agreement (κ = 0.47). Concordance was higher in morphologically distinct mucinous (100%; κ = 0.94) and signet ring cell subtypes (100%; κ = 1.0) than in intestinal (84.6%; κ = 0.47) and pancreatobiliary (82.1%; κ = 0.43) types. Concordance was poor for mixed (64%; κ = 0.27) and poorly differentiated (68.8%; κ = 0.76) tumors. IHC subtyped 79 cases (46%) as pancreatobiliary, 73 (42.4%) as intestinal, and was inconclusive in 20 cases (11.6%). IHC helped classify 21 out of 25 (84%) mixed and 10 out of 16 poorly differentiated (62.5%) adenocarcinomas. Combination of histology and IHC classified 161 of the total 172 cases (93.6%). Conclusion. Use of an IHC panel aids in subtyping of periampullary adenocarcinomas, especially in tumors with mixed morphology and poor differentiation.
Stages of Change: Moving Community Pharmacies From a Drug Dispensing to Population Health Management Model
Authors: Turner Kea , Weinberger Morris , Renfro Chelsea , Powell Byron J. , Ferreri Stefanie , Trodgon Justin G. , Mark Nicole , Trygstad Troy , Shea Christopher M.
Published: April 2019

Given their clinical training and accessibility, community pharmacists are well positioned to support primary care, especially in providing medication management services. There is limited evidence, however, on implementation of community pharmacist-led services in coordination with other health care providers. The aim of this study was to examine the implementation process of community pharmacies in North Carolina participating in a Medicaid population health management intervention. We conducted semistructured interviews with 40 representatives from high- and low-performing community pharmacies from June to August 2017. We analyzed for themes organized around Rogers’s Stages in the Innovation Process in Organizations. Community pharmacies employed numerous implementation strategies such as developing relationships with providers and redefining job responsibilities to ensure pharmacists and pharmacy technicians are working at the top of their license. Findings also revealed differences in the implementation process among high- and low-performing pharmacies. Continued research is needed to determine which implementation strategies improve program performance.
Does Antenatal Social Support Affect the Relationships Between Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy And Perinatal Mental Health?
Authors: Kita Sachiko , Haruna Megumi , Matsuzaki Masayo , Kamibeppu Kiyoko
Published: April 2019

Intimate partner violence (IPV) causes adverse perinatal mental health outcomes; however, few studies have identified why. We focused on antenatal social support to reveal how it affects the relationship between IPV during pregnancy and mental health outcomes. A prospective cohort study was conducted during the third trimester and 1-month postnatal. The relationship between IPV during pregnancy and antenatal depressive symptoms, which were associated with mother–infant bonding failure and postnatal depressive symptoms, was affected by mother’s satisfaction with antenatal social support. Perceived social support for abused women must be increased to prevent antenatal depressive symptoms and adverse postnatal mental health outcomes.
Experiences of Racism and Racial Tensions Among African American Women Impacted by Commercial Sexual Exploitation in Practice: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Gerassi Lara B.
Published: April 2019

Barriers faced by Black women when navigating commercial sexual exploitation (CSE)-related services remain understudied. This qualitative study explores (a) Black women’s experiences of racism when accessing services in CSE-related organizations and (b) the existence and manifestation of racial tensions in practice. In-depth interviews were conducted with 30 adult women who traded sex as adults and 20 CSE-related service providers. Findings suggest that Black women perceive preferential treatment given to White women. Racial tensions between women accessing programs were identified, as well as a promising practice of intergroup dialogue groups addressing racism, privilege, and oppression. Implications are discussed.
Mandating Inclusion: Critical Trans Perspectives on Domestic and Sexual Violence Advocacy
Authors: Jordan Sid P. , Mehrotra Gita R. , Fujikawa Kiyomi A.
Published: April 2019

In 2013, the Violence Against Women Act became one of the first federal laws to explicitly prohibit discrimination against transgender people, yet little is known about its impact in practice. This qualitative study draws on in-depth interviews with transgender people working in domestic and sexual violence advocacy organizations. Building on critical and intersectional perspectives, the findings suggest that the persistence of inequities for trans survivors are tied to the reliance on criminal legal responses, contingent access to gender-specific services, compliance-focused approaches to inclusion, operating theories of gender-based violence, and the diversion of responsibility to LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer) programs. This study highlights the participants’ recommendations for change.
Governing Homelessness through Running
Authors: Clift Bryan C
Published: April 2019

In the context of social welfare austerity and non-state actors’ interventions into social life, an urban not-for-profit organization in the United States, Back on My Feet, uses the practice of running to engage those recovering from homelessness. Promoting messages of self-sufficiency, the organization centralizes the body as a site of investment and transformation. Doing so calls to the fore the social construction of ‘the homeless body’ and ‘the running body’. Within this ethnographic inquiry, participants in recovery who ran with the organization constructed moralized senses of self in relation to volunteers, organizers, and those who do not run, while in recovery. Their experiences compel consideration of how bodily constructions and practices reproduce morally underpinned, self-oriented associations with homeless and neoliberal discourses that obfuscate systemic causes of homelessness, pose challenges for well-intentioned voluntary or development organizations, and service the relief of the state from social responsibility.
Machines with Faces: Robot Bodies and the Problem of Cruelty
Authors: Black Daniel
Published: April 2019

Even if it is never possible to create a sentient robot that might lay claim to the status of personhood, a convincingly realistic robotic simulation of the human body could alter how human beings act towards one another. This article argues that the human face exerts a powerful influence over interpersonal interaction, creating empathetic connections that limit our capacity to engage in acts of cruelty; an ability to convincingly simulate the human face would detach it from the attribution of human personhood and so encourage a dismissal of its affective charge. This possibility can be understood in the context of existing attempts to inoculate individuals against the appeal of the face so as to facilitate organised killing.
Disturbed eating, illness perceptions, and coping among adults with type 1 diabetes on intensified insulin treatment, and their associations with metabolic control
Authors: Wisting Line , Rø Astrid , Skrivarhaug Torild , Dahl-Jørgensen Knut , Rø Øyvind
Published: April 2019

This study investigated associations between psychological aspects and metabolic control among adults with type 1 diabetes ( n = 282). Linear regression analyses demonstrated that the illness perception personal control and the coping strategy seeking emotional social support explained 23.2 percent of the variance in hemoglobin A1c among females ( β = 0.40, p < 0.001 and β = −0.22, p < 0.01, respectively). Among males, only personal control remained significant, explaining 13.9 percent of the variance in hemoglobin A1c ( β = 0.37, p < 0.001). The associations between psychological correlates and hemoglobin A1c indicate that addressing such aspects clinically may facilitate metabolic control, thereby potentially contributing to reduce the risk of complications.
Humanitarian humor, digilantism, and the dilemmas of representing volunteer tourism on social media
Authors: Schwarz Kaylan C , Richey Lisa Ann
Published: April 2019

How is volunteer tourism practice portrayed and policed in an online setting? First, this article describes three humanitarian-themed campaigns—Radi-Aid on YouTube, Humanitarians of Tinder on Tumblr, and Barbie Savior on Instagram—to consider the ways edgy humor might be employed to rebuke and resolve problematic humanitarian practices as well as representations of the African “other” and the humanitarian self. Second, through an inspection of repeated semi-structured interviews and visual content uploaded to Facebook, this article shows how a group of UK-based international volunteers took measures to avoid “stereotypical” volunteer photography (embracing children, selfies) when communicating their experiences in Kenya to a public audience, determined to avoid the scrutiny of “in the know” audience members. We consider these counter-narratives in light of Jane’s concept of “digilantism,” an emerging style of networked response to injustice.
More interest in interest: Does poll coverage help or hurt efforts to make more young voters show up at the ballot box?
Authors: Stolwijk Sjoerd B , Schuck Andreas RT
Published: April 2019

Turnout in second-order elections, like those for the European Parliament, is notoriously low, especially among younger voters. This study compares five pathways in which exposure to poll coverage can affect turnout: bandwagon voting, strategic turnout, increased information efficacy, campaign cynicism and perceived electoral importance. The mediation analyses are combined with Covariate Balancing Propensity Score matching to better account for selection effects. Analyses of a four-wave panel survey of young voters (N = 747) in the 2014 European Parliament Election show that exposure to polls in election coverage predominantly stimulates interest and turnout among young voters. This is in line with the perspective that poll coverage increases perceived electoral importance. Poll coverage can thus play a beneficial role in activating the potential among young voters to engage with (second-order) elections.
From The Hague to Paris to Montréal: Knowledge transfer and cultural synergy in a multicultural organization
Authors: Blanche Charlotte , Dupuis Jean Pierre
Published: April 2019

This article shows how knowledge transfer can be useful in the field of cross-cultural management, in particular to better understand what several authors call cultural synergy. Defined as the ability to take advantage of interactions between people from different cultures to create a dynamic of cooperation and innovation in multicultural organizations, the concept, however, lacks some empirical illustration. Through an unusual field of research, we propose to draw lessons from an artistic organization, Les Grands Ballets Canadiens de Montréal, involved in the remounting of the Kaguyahime ballet by Czech choreographer Jiří Kylián, which will require the collaboration of a Dutch artistic direction, Quebec technicians, dancers from several countries and Japanese and Quebec musicians (Canadian). The focus on knowledge sharing at the center of this encounter allowed us to identify some steps and mechanisms that could be useful both in the theoretical conceptualization of cultural synergy and, from a practical point of view, in its concrete implementation. This will allow us to highlight that, in order to promote, the individuals involved, guided by a management team, will mobilize different identities to create the contact points necessary for cultural synergy.