bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Entre os parágrafos mortos da história”. Sobre a historicidade na ficção queirosiana
Authors: Reis Carlos
Published: May 2020

Neste artigo problematiza-se a noção de historicidade, conduzindo aquela problematização a uma categoria axial dos textos narrativos, a personagem, bem como aos termos em que ela vive eventos históricos. Confirma-se, assim, a dimensão histórica da literatura, sem se privilegiar uma leitura historicista dos textos narrativos literários, entendidos como meros epifenómenos da História. No que diz respeito a Eça de Queirós, dá-se atenção a textos ficcionais e a outros não-ficcionais, observando-se neles maneiras de historicidade ou modos ficcionais de ser histórico. Procede-se, então, a várias indagações que contemplam referências históricas, o grau de conhecimento (ou de reconhecimento) da História na ficção queirosiana e ainda a inferência de informações históricas não expressas, o que contribui para configurar as personagens e o cenário em que elas se movem. Também os textos doutrinários de Eça acolhem elementos de uma historicidade que atravessa toda a produção queirosiana, podendo aqueles textos antecipar ou confirmar a presença da História, de forma explícita ou enviesada, na ficção.
A memória da família
Authors: Marinho Maria De Fátima
Published: May 2020

Tradicionalmente, a representação da família saldava-se por relatos mais ou menos longos, que percorriam várias gerações cumpridoras de um destino ligado à sucessividade cronológica, com todas as consequências daí decorrentes, pessoais e públicas. Frequentemente, as peripécias familiares eram, também, de certa forma, pequenos incidentes de grandes mutações históricas. Na atualidade, e em Portugal, ainda encontramos este tipo de romance, que, regra geral, atrai leitores sedentos de reencontrar experiências vividas ou imaginadas. O presente ensaio estuda um romance publicado em 1995, onde a história familiar é apresentada através de relatos de personagens mortas, evocadoras de episódios entrelaçados na memória, que se afastam da cronologia rígida, mas que significam, na perfeição, o tecido familiar que pretendem recordar.
O manuscrito deu origem ao romance histórico ou o romance deu origem ao manuscrito? A atualização de códices em Alexandre Herculano
Authors: Mendes Eduardo Soczek
Published: May 2020

No presente estudo analisamos a estratégia literária de Alexandre Herculano (1810-1877) em filiar as suas ficções históricas a manuscritos pré-existentes. Para tanto, averiguamos os romances históricos Eurico, o presbítero (1844) e O Monge de Cister (1848), que compõem a coletânea Monasticon (1848), e outras narrativas que foram coligidas pelo autor em Lendas e Narrativas (1851), estabelecendo um diálogo com os trabalhos de Ana Marques (2012), Eduardo Lourenço (1992), Isabel Román (1988), Maria de Fátima Marinho (1984; 1999; 2013) e Paulo Motta Oliveira (2000). Abordamos a ficcionalização dos supostos manuscritos pré-existentes, como recurso composicional, e também a possível fundamentação e ficcionalização de Livros de Linhagens da Idade Média e de crónicas documentais nas produções literárias de Herculano.
A ascensão social no romance histórico de Alexandre Dumas e de Camilo Castelo Branco
Authors: Pavanelo Luciene Marie
Published: May 2020

Este artigo propõe uma análise do best-seller histórico Os Três Mosqueteiros (1844), de Alexandre Dumas, focando na temática da ascensão social apresentada por meio do protagonista d’Artagnan e da vilã Milady. Em seguida, busca-se compreender como o mito da meritocracia é questionado pelo escritor português Camilo Castelo Branco, em O Demônio do Ouro (1873), romance histórico que possui um protagonista em busca da ascensão social, como em Dumas, e um vilão similar, em muitos aspectos, a Milady. Objetiva-se, a partir deste estudo, refletir sobre como a temática da ascensão social é vista de maneira diversa na França, um dos centros do capitalismo, e em Portugal, uma semiperiferia.
De liberales y liberalismos en el orbe hispánico (Una reflexión historiográfica sobre la naturaleza del poder constituyente gaditano: 1808-1812)
Authors: Sariñena Marta Lorente
Published: May 2020

El presente artículo cuestiona la pertinencia del uso del término liberal a la hora de calificar la obra constitucional doceañista, la cual, a su vez, se contempla como una de las versiones del constitucionalismo hispánico que vio la luz tras la crisis de la Monarquía de España en 1808.  A estos efectos, valora la fundamentación historicista de dicho constitucionalismo, centrándose en concreto en el análisis de las limitaciones asumidas por las Cortes Generales y Extraordinarias en virtud del juramento prestado en el mismo momento de su constitución como representación de la Nación soberana.
Liberalismo e democracia no Portugal oitocentista, em perspetiva comparada (1832-1895)
Authors: Leal Manuel M. Cardoso
Published: May 2020

O artigo aborda a evolução política em Portugal, comparando-a com as dos países europeus próximos, no período 1832-1895. Distingue uma fase de reformas liberais, em rutura com o Antigo Regime, em prol da liberdade, seguida de outra fase de reformas democráticas, a partir da década de 1870, em prol de maior igualdade entre os cidadãos. Portugal evoluiu a par da média dos países comparados, chegando a um nível relativamente avançado de soluções políticas, tais como o direito de voto e a liberdade de imprensa, que contrasta com o atraso de certos indicadores sociais, como o analfabetismo. Esta evolução reflete o ascendente político da classe média, em especial de funcionários do Estado.
O processo eleitoral de 1822 na província de Entre-Douro-e-Minho
Authors: Costa Joana Filipa Pereira
Published: May 2020

Tem este trabalho por matéria de análise o processo eleitoral correspondente ao ano de 1822, para a segunda legislatura do triénio vintista, na província de Entre-Douro-e-Minho. Pretende-se trilhar alguns dos preceitos base da primeira tentativa liberal em Portugal, tendo-se optado pela província do Minho pela sua actuação cardeal em 1820, constituída pelas primeiras cidades a aderir ao movimento liberal no seguimento do pronunciamento no Porto. A metodologia utilizada para o miolo da investigação passou pela análise das atas eleitorais correspondentes às divisões que constituíam a província do Minho, procurando retirar-se das mesmas a informação relativa aos deputados eleitos para a segunda legislatura, suas profissões, e o número de votos com o qual saíram apurados.
La poesía de Manuel Altolaguirre, de principio a fin
Authors: Díez de Revenga Francisco Javier
Published: May 2020

Se analiza la evolución de la poesía de Manuel Altolaguirre a lo largo de toda su trayectoria desde su cultivo de la poesía pura a la inmediata rehumanización e integración en la poesía de combate durante la Guerra de España. Y se completa con el examen de la poesía escrita en América durante su exilio, y la presencia en ella del amor, el destierro, las crisis de fe y la necesidad en definitiva de llevar al verso su circunstancia vital de cada día, su especial situación de exiliado.
Costumbrismo literario y etnografía: el caso de las marzas
Authors: Gutiérrez Sebastián Raquel
Published: May 2020

En el trabajo se presenta un análisis de un caso particular de interferencia entre elementos etnográficos y textos literarios costumbristas, el de las marzas del valle de Campoo en el sur de Cantabria. Se analizan los diferentes textos de los escritores costumbristas que recogieron esta costumbre popular de pedir dádivas por las casas acompañándose de un canto particular, el de marzas, y cómo estos textos incluyeron elementos etnográficos que los escritores mezclaron con otros literarios.
Fernández Hoya, Gema, Santiago Aguilar, Felipe Cabrerizo. Tono, un humorista de la vanguardia. Sevilla: Editorial Renacimiento, 2019
Authors: Rodríguez García María Rita
Published: May 2020

Reseña de la publicación: Fernández Hoya, Gema, Santiago Aguilar, Felipe Cabrerizo. Tono, un humorista de la vanguardia. Sevilla: Editorial Renacimiento, 2019, ISBN:9788416981779, 480pp.
Miguel Ángel García, Los autores como lectores. Lógicas internas de la literatura española contemporánea. Madrid, Marcial Pons, 2018
Authors: Luque González Gonzalo
Published: May 2020

Reseña de: Miguel Ángel García, Los autores como lectores. Lógicas internas de la literatura española contemporánea. Madrid, Marcial Pons, 2018, ISBN:9788491234258, 308 pp.
La vía democrática, constitución y la crisis del Estado y de los derechos sociales
Authors: Cruz Paulo Márcio , Giménez Fernando Flores
Published: May 2020

El presente artículo trata sobre la democracia a partir de su génesis y su rumbo hacia la democracia liberal y la democracia social en comparación con la dimensión transnacional de la globalización, las nuevas formas de ciudadanía global y la crisis del Estado social, todo ello basado en la revisión bibliográfica de autores clásicos y contemporáneos.
FLEXURAL PERFORMANCE OF COLD-FORMED THIN-WALLED STEEL-PAPER STRAW BOARD COMPOSITE SLAB
Authors: Zhang Xiuhua , Zhao Zilin , Li Xiang
Published: May 2020

A new type of composite slab was proposed by connecting paper straw board and cold-formed thin-walled steel with self-tapping screws. In order to investigate the failure process and failure mode of the composite slab, the tests on the flexural capacity of three composite slabs with different factors such as steel beam section size, beam spacing and the number of screws were carried out. The strain of the cold-formed thin-walled C-shaped steel and the paper straw board, and the deflection of the composite slab were observed, respectively. Moreover, the flexural behaviour and the composite action of the composite slab were investigated and the flexural capacity of the composite slab was obtained. It was found that the final failure mode of composite slab was the local buckling mode of cold-formed thin-walled C-shaped steel beam due to the adequate restraint of the straw board, and the reducing of the screw spacing had beneficial influence on the flexural yield capacity. The calculation method of midspan deflection and flexural capacity of composite slab were proposed, and the calculated values of deflection and flexural capacity agreed well with the test results. Therefore, the new composite slabs were of good working performance and high flexural capacity.
METHOLOGY FOR CITY LEVEL URBAN ROAD NETWORK CONNECTIVITY ANALYSIS USING GEOGRAPHICAL INFORAMTION SYSTEMS (GIS)
Authors: Sahitya Kurre Sai , Prasad CSRK
Published: May 2020

In most of the urban cities in India, the existing road network structure is unable to meet the increasing travel demand. In this context, there is a need to utilize the existing road network in a more efficient manner. To effectively utilize the existing road network, the structural parameters like connectivity, accessibility, hierarchy and morphology should be analyzed and evaluated. This study aimed to analyze and evaluate the road network structure of Hyderabad city, Telangana state, India in terms of its connectivity. Different places in Hyderabad city were considered to quantify the connectivity measures such as alpha index, beta index, gamma index, eta index, Cyclomatic number and Aggregate transportation score. Five kilometers radius buffers were drawn from the center of each location to compute the connectivity measures. The results of the study may act as a guide to the transportation planning authorities to understand the level of connectivity at each location in the city and implement better planning practices to improve the level of connectivity in the city. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) is a platform used for better decision making in urban transportation planning. The present study also tried to prove the efficiency of GIS in analyzing the connectivity based performance of the transport network structure in the study area.
FIELD TEST ON THE COOPERATION OF NSM STRENGTHENING AND EXTERNAL TENDON RETROFITTING TECHNIQUE
Authors: Yang Jianxi , Yu Jiaping , Sun Quansheng , Gao Hongshuai , Wang Jiawei
Published: May 2020

In this paper, post-tension and steel plate near-surface mounted (NSM) strengthening systems are proposed to strengthen deteriorated and cracked large box girder rigid frame bridge without altering appearance and dimension of the bridge. The reinforcement method mainly improves the bearing capacity through external prestressed tendons, and bonding steel plate can enhance the shear resistance of the bridge. The main purpose is to study the structural mechanical properties before and after the reinforcement of rigid frame bridges. Take a 540m rigid frame box girder bridge as an example. The static load test of the bridge before and after reinforcement is carried out. The deflection and strain of the middle cross section of the span are measured in the static test. A finite element analysis model was also developed and verified static loading test data. The results show that structural bearing capacity and performance of the bridge were enhanced with the post-tension and NSM strengthening systems cooperatively.
A NEW BLAST-RESISTANT DESIGN METHOD OF RC MEMBERS AND ITS APPLICATION IN PERFORMANCE BASED BLAST-RESISTANT DESIGN PROCEDURE
Authors: Yu Runqing , Zhang Diandian , Cang Yujun , Li Sen
Published: May 2020

Design method is very essential and important for engineers. Present study proposes a new blast-resistant design method. First, two common used blast-resistant design methods are discussed. By analyzing the disadvantage of the common procedures, a new blast-resistant design method is proposed. The new design method has less design loops, as well as good control of the maximum displacement and ductility. Then, a dimensionless P-I diagram, which is convenient for design, is proposed based on the new design method. Finally, the new blast-resistant design method is applied in the performance-based blast-resistant design (PBBD) procedure described using a detailed design example. The design example shows that the proposed design method could be easily applied in the PBBD procedure.
Estado local: elementos para una teoría y un enfoque analítico para su estudio
Authors: Cáceres Pamela
Published: May 2020

El trabajo problematiza algunas tradiciones teóricas sobre el gobierno subnacional y local, reconoce algunas limitaciones de dichos enfoques y presenta alternativas analíticas para el estudio del Estado Local. Se propone que es necesaria una Teoría del Estado capaz de dar cuenta de la estatalidad desde una noción relacional, resultado de las relaciones sociales en la que operan dos dimensiones interdependientes: la formal–institucional y la sustancial (ideas–discursos–acciones estratégicas). Sugiere que el Enfoque Estratégico Relacional (EER) de Bob Jessop y sus giros institucionalista, espacial y discursivo pueden aportar al abordaje de la especificidad del Estado Local. El Estado, en tanto relación social, se encuentra en permanente y potencial transformación. En el proceso de constitución y contestación, el Estado Local es la expresión de la organización territorial del poder político, pero a la vez, los procesos sociopolíticos de base local pueden interpelar y redefinir el proyecto estatal en todos los niveles. Esta comprensión teórica puede ser puesta a prueba por medio del análisis de las dinámicas por las que se materializa o cambia una determinada «forma» de Estado local en casos empíricos concretos.
Autogestión comunitaria y Administración Pública en América Latina. Un camino hacia otra forma de administrar lo público: Casos de estudio en Argentina, Venezuela y Ecuador
Authors: Salinas Víctor , Moncayo Guido
Published: May 2020

Las prácticas sociales latinoamericanas en su hacer histórico, han definido un conjunto de destrezas, métodos, formas y maneras de gestionar lo público. La ciencia de la administración pública nos llama a ser cada vez más críticos y reflexivos sobre esa realidad que ha cohabitado con la implementación de paradigmas de administración, diseñados e implementados por y para realidades divergentes a la nuestra. El presente trabajo a partir del estudio cualitativo de casos, pretende brindar algunas herramientas de análisis aportadas desde prácticas impulsadas por organizaciones comunitarias realmente existentes en Argentina, Venezuela y Ecuador. A partir de esto, se propone analizar la influencia de la autogestión comunitaria en las formas de administración pública en América Latina, tomando como referencia a tres organizaciones, seleccionadas bajo criterios metodológicos como su dimensión comunitaria, su capacidad de nuclear a otras organizaciones sociales, que gestionen y administren servicios públicos y cuya permanencia en el tiempo sea verificable.
Effect of biography-based values education on the attitudes of 4th grade primary school students towards the value of patriotism
Authors: Minaz Muhammet Baki , Taş Halil
Published: May 2020

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of biography-based values education on the attitudes of 4th grade students towards the value of patriotism. A semi-experimental design with pretest-posttest control group was used to find out differences concerning attitudes towards patriotism value between students in the experimental group in which biography-based values education was implemented and those in the control group where biography-based values education was not used. “Patriotism attitude scale” was used for quantitative data and “interview forms” were used for qualitative data in this study in which quantitative and qualitative research techniques were employed together. In this study, biographies of Halide Edip, Münevver Saime, Kara Fatma, Nene Hatun, Şerife Bacı, Tayyar Rahmiye, Gördesli Makbule, Kılavuz Hatice, Binbaşı Ayşe, Nezahat Onbaşı, Elif Bacı and Halime Çavuş, some women heroes of the Turkish independence, were used. After the implementation of biography-based values education, a significant difference was found between students' attitude scores concerning patriotism value in favor of the experimental group. In addition, there was a significant difference between students' attitude scores and their gender in favor of the experimental group while no significant difference was detected between students' attitudes regarding variables of parental education level and family income level.
Potential of Acid Mine Formation in PIT 3000, Toraja Block, PT Trubaindo Coal Mining Based on Geochemical and Mineralogical Characteristics Study of Overburden and Underburden Rocks
Authors: Winarno Tri , Ali Rinal Khaidar , Langit Wesly Rambu
Published: May 2020

Coal mining in Indonesia is mostly applied by an open pit system which causes the rocks in the mining location to be exposed to the surface, so that it will be easy to react with air and water directly. The high content of sulphide minerals such as pyrite and marcasite in coal mining site, has the potential to produce mine acid water. Mine acid water causes environmental pollution and a threat to aquatic and soil ecosystems by increasing the concentration of other heavy metal ions. This study aims to identify the mineral content of the overburden rock layers to determine the type of sulfide minerals forming acid mine and neutralizing minerals in rocks. The methods used in this study are field investigations, mineralogical content analysis, geochemical characteristics and measured stratigraphic to evaluate mineralogical content, geochemical characteristics and depositional environmental facies of overburden and underburden rocks from the Pit 3000 coal seam. The results showed that overburden rocks were composed by claystone with the thickness ranges 1.60 m – 5.15 m, whereas underburden rocks are characterized by diverse lithology such as claystone, siltstone and sandstone with the thickness ranges from 0.20 m – 4.50 m. Based on geochemical analysis on 18 overburden rock samples, it is known that overburden layers have characteristics that are dominated by Non Acid Forming (NAF) rocks with 83% NAF, 11% Potential Acid Forming (PAF) and 6% uncertain. The characteristics of the underburden layer are dominated by PAF rocks with 45% PAF, 19% NAF and 36% uncertain.
Ryzyko zmaskulinizowania kobiet w dziedzinach ścisłych i technicznych
Authors: Szymczak Emilia
Published: May 2020

Article entitled The Risk of Masculinization of Women in Science and Engineering focuses on the problem of women’s acceptance of male models and standards of behavior as a consequence of operating in the traditionally male work environment. It attempts to answer the question whether women working in the fieldsof engineering and science experience the need to get rid of or temporarily hide their essential femininity to efficientlyperform their work and meet the obligations arising from their chosen career.
Efficient algorithms for crowd-aided categorization
Authors: Li Yuanbing , Wu Xian , Jin Yifei , Li Jian , Li Guoliang
Published: May 2020

We study the problem of utilizing human intelligence to categorize a large number of objects. In this problem, given a category hierarchy and a set of objects, we can ask humans to check whether an object belongs to a category, and our goal is to find the most cost-effective strategy to locate the appropriate category in the hierarchy for each object, such that the cost (i.e., the number of questions to ask humans) is minimized. There are many important applications of this problem, including image classification and product categorization. We develop an online framework, in which category distribution is gradually learned and thus an effective order of questions are adaptively determined. We prove that even if the true category distribution is known in advance, the problem is computationally intractable. We develop an approximation algorithm, and prove that it achieves an approximation factor of 2. We also show that there is a fully polynomial time approximation scheme for the problem. Furthermore, we propose an online strategy which achieves nearly the same performance guarantee as the offline optimal strategy, even if there is no knowledge about category distribution beforehand. Experiments on a real crowdsourcing platform demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
Set-valued data publication with local privacy
Authors: Wang Shaowei , Qian Yuqiu , Du Jiachun , Yang Wei , Huang Liusheng , Xu Hongli
Published: May 2020

Most user-generated data in online services are presented as set-valued data, e.g., visited website URLs, recently used Apps by a person, and etc. These data are of great value to service providers, but also bring privacy concerns if collected and analyzed directly. To tackle potential privacy threatens, local differential privacy (LDP) attracts increasing attention nowadays. However, existing approaches only provide sub-optimal error bound for set-valued data distribution estimation with LDP. Besides, it is computational expensive and communication expensive to use for high dimensional set-valued data, considering large domains in real scenarios. Thus, existing approaches are unpractical to use on resource-constrained user-side devices (e.g., smartphones and wearable devices). In this paper, we propose a utility-optimal and efficient set-valued data publication method (i.e.,
wheel mechanism
). On the user side, each user contributes only one numerical value to represent their privatized data. The computational complexity is
O
(min{
m
log
m
,
me
ɛ
}) and communication cost is
O
(log(
me
ɛ
)) bits, while existing approaches usually depend on
O
(
d
) or
O
(log
d
), where
m
is the number of items in the set-valued data (
m
≡ 1 for categorical data),
d
is the domain size (usually
d
≫
m
) and ɛ is the privacy budget. On the server side, the estimator takes numerical values from users as input and derives an unbiased distribution estimation. Theoretical results show that estimation error bounds are improved from previously known [EQUATION] to the optimal rate [EQUATION]. Results on extensive experiments demonstrate that our proposed wheel mechanism is 3-100× faster than existing approaches, meanwhile has optimal statistical efficiency.
Translation of array-based loops to distributed data-parallel programs
Authors: Fegaras Leonidas , Noor Hasanuzzaman
Published: May 2020

Large volumes of data generated by scientific experiments and simulations come in the form of arrays, while programs that analyze these data are frequently expressed in terms of array operations in an imperative, loop-based language. But, as datasets grow larger, new frameworks in distributed Big Data analytics have become essential tools to large-scale scientific computing. Scientists, who are typically comfortable with numerical analysis tools but are not familiar with the intricacies of Big Data analytics, must now learn to convert their loop-based programs to distributed data-parallel programs. We present a novel framework for translating programs expressed as array-based loops to distributed data parallel programs that is more general and efficient than related work. We report on a prototype implementation on top of Spark and evaluate the performance of our system relative to hand-written programs.
Derek Davis – Nova Scotia Naturalist Extraordinaire
Authors: Davis Geoffrey , Simmons Michael
Published: May 2020

N/A
Titus Smith Jr. and the Unity of Nature: Environmental Advocacy in Early 19th Century Nova Scotia
Authors: Field Richard H.
Published: May 2020

As scientists try to understand and predict the global consequences of climate change, the early environmental advocacy of Titus Smith Jr. (1768-1850) seems more relevant than ever. Smith’s concept that industrial capitalism was disrupting the interlocking associations between humans and nature represented an alternate narrative that characterised the first wave of 19th century environmentalism in Nova Scotia. A study of Smith also enhances our knowledge about the beginnings of preservationist thinking and the environmental movement just prior to the era when science was not yet specialized and a single mind like Smith’s could move between disciplines allowing each to inform the other.Keywords: Titus Smith; ecological succession; environmental advocacy
Genetically engineered genes: when have we gone too far?
Authors: Odendaal Julia
Published: May 2020

N/A
An Analysis of Main Character’s Gender Dysphoria in Kim Fu’s Novel 'For Today I Am a Boy'
Authors: Rafiz Hasibuan Sayyidah Nafiza
Published: May 2020

This thesis analyzed the transgender process in the main character. The purpose of this thesis is to find out and understand how that happens and to look for the two transgender causes found in the novel. The main character in this novel is a boy who always feels confused with his identity. He always tried to find out who he was, find out which identity he felt comfortable with. But as long as he was confused, he did not get significant support from his family, girlfriends and his friends to stay with the gender he had at that time, instead, they directed him to follow his conscience. All obstacles experienced by the boy in finding his true identity make this novel interesting to look deeper. The theory used to analyze is Theory by Susan Stryker and the concept of diagnostic criteria for gender identity disorder by the American Psychiatric Association. The research method used in this thesis is a qualitative method and library research. The author collected the data from the novel and from several sources of articles, books, and journals related to this thesis. The results of this thesis are to reveal the truth that transgender criteria are truly experienced by the main characters and get the causes of the transgender in his daily lives.

Keywords: Dysphoria, Gender identity, Psychology, Transgender
Maternal Mortality Ratio in Eastern Mediterranean Region: A Priority of Reproductive Health
Authors: Nahidi Fatemeh , Hajifoghaha Mahboubeh
Published: May 2020

Objectives: Maternal mortality reduction is a key international sustainable development goal. Although maternal mortality ratio (MMR) has changed in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, the trend of maternal deaths in the countries of the region is important. This review article provided the current situation and trend of MMR in the Eastern Mediterranean region between 1990 and 2015. Materials and Methods: In this review, country profiles and data were obtained through UNDPA, UNICEF, UNDP, WHO, and World Bank websites. Then, a literature search was performed in PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar in this regard. Results: Based on the collected data, 36 out of 66 studies met the required criteria and were chosen for analysis. All countries of this region showed a downward trend between 1990 and 2015, and this change varied from 16.30% in Yemen to 76.56% in Lebanon. The maternal mortality reduction was 69.88% in Iran in the same time. Conclusions: Although all countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region demonstrated a downward trend in MMR, this trend was not the same in all countries. Thus, it is needed to boost regional efforts to further reduce MMR and achieve sustainable development goals by 2030.
Positive Consequences of Declining Fertility: Socioeconomic Analysis of Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Sarwar Javaria , Chaudhary A. R.
Published: May 2020

Objectives: The present paper attempted to discover the behaviour of fertility differentials across the districts of Punjab, Pakistan. More precisely, it aimed to investigate some salient determinants of fertility differential through fitted regression line and scatter plot including the confidence interval. Materials and Methods: Data in this study were gathered from Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2013-2014. The regression analysis was employed to evaluate the relationship of fertility determinants, followed by plotting two-way scatter plots and confidence intervals. For the empirical analysis, the total fertility rate (TFR) was taken as an outcome variable while the employment rate, underfive mortality, and contraceptive use were considered as determinants. Results: The results indicated that child mortality is a very significant variable in determining the level of fertility and it had the coefficient value of 0.0096. It was further found that child mortality has a positive relationship with fertility rates. Thus, child mortality must be reduced to overcome the issue of high fertility rates at the district level of Punjab. Contraceptive use was also a very effective variable regarding determining the level of fertility and had a negative coefficient value of -0.033. Finally, the employment rate was a very useful variable for the determination of fertility level. Conclusions: The empirical results revealed that child mortality should be reduced in order to decrease the level of fertility in Punjab, Pakistan, and contraceptive use should develop through family planning programs.
Chronic Stress Diminishes the Oocyte Quality and In Vitro Embryonic Development in Maternally Separated Mice
Authors: Dehdehi Leila , Ghaffari Novin Marefat , Sadeghi Yousef , Abdollahifar Mohammad Amin , Ziai Seyed Ali , Nazarian Hamid
Published: May 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to use a valid mouse model of chronic stress like a maternal separation (MS) to determine the effect of early life chronic stress on oocyte quality and subsequent in vitro embryo development. Materials and Methods: This study was based on case-control, interventional, and quantitative applied research. Mice were subjected to 180 minutes of MS stress paradigm at postnatal day (PND) 2–14. Then, corticosterone and serotonin levels were measured in the serum and ovary samples, respectively. In addition, relevant behavioral tests including an elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field test (OFT) were performed for evaluating anxiety-like behaviors at PND 48. Finally, oocyte number, nuclear maturation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels, as well as in vitro embryo development were evaluated as well. Results: Our findings showed that MS provokes anxiety-like behavior and increases serum corticosterone concentration (P<0.05). On the other hand, the number of oocytes (P<0.001), nuclear maturation (P<0.05), and the concentration of ovarian serotonin (P<0.01) decreased following MS. Further, the fertilization (P<0.001) and blastocyst rate (P<0.05) significantly decreased in MS mice. Eventually, chronic stress led to a reduction in the level of GSH (P<0.01) while it increased the level of ROS production (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Chronic stress through, at least in part, oxidative stress in the oocytes of mice undergoing MS paradigm negatively affected the oocyte competency and embryo development.
Room Costs for Common Pediatric Hospitalizations and Cost-Reducing Quality Initiatives
Authors: Synhorst David C. , Johnson Matthew B. , Bettenhausen Jessica L. , Kyler Kathryn E. , Richardson Troy E. , Mann Keith J. , Fieldston Evan S. , Hall Matt
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND:

Improvement initiatives promote safe and efficient care for hospitalized children. However, these may be associated with limited cost savings. In this article, we sought to understand the potential financial benefit yielded by improvement initiatives by describing the inpatient allocation of costs for common pediatric diagnoses.

METHODS:

This study is a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of pediatric patients aged 0 to 21 years from 48 children’s hospitals included in the Pediatric Health Information System database from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2017. We included hospitalizations for 8 common inpatient pediatric diagnoses (seizure, bronchiolitis, asthma, pneumonia, acute gastroenteritis, upper respiratory tract infection, other gastrointestinal diagnoses, and skin and soft tissue infection) and categorized the distribution of hospitalization costs (room, clinical, laboratory, imaging, pharmacy, supplies, and other). We summarized our findings with mean percentages and percent of total costs and used mixed-effects models to account for disease severity and to describe hospital-level variation.

RESULTS:

For 195 436 hospitalizations, room costs accounted for 52.5% to 70.3% of total hospitalization costs. We observed wide hospital-level variation in nonroom costs for the same diagnoses (25%–81% for seizure, 12%–51% for bronchiolitis, 19%–63% for asthma, 19%–62% for pneumonia, 21%–78% for acute gastroenteritis, 21%–63% for upper respiratory tract infection, 28%–69% for other gastrointestinal diagnoses, and 21%–71% for skin and soft tissue infection). However, to achieve a cost reduction equal to 10% of room costs, large, often unattainable reductions (>100%) in nonroom cost categories are needed.

CONCLUSIONS:

Inconsistencies in nonroom costs for similar diagnoses suggest hospital-level treatment variation and improvement opportunities. However, individual improvement initiatives may not result in significant cost savings without specifically addressing room costs.
Early Neonatal SARS-CoV-2 Infection Manifesting With Hypoxemia Requiring Respiratory Support
Authors: Sinelli Mariateresa , Paterlini Giuseppe , Citterio Marco , Di Marco Alessia , Fedeli Tiziana , Ventura Maria Luisa
Published: May 2020

We describe a case of neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection, in an infant diagnosed 3 days after birth, and manifesting with silent hypoxemia, requiring respiratory support.
Relativismo sin esquemas conceptuales
Authors: Rivera-Novoa Ángel
Published: May 2020

En este artículo, se defiende un relativismo conceptual sin esquemas conceptuales. En primer lugar, se presenta la crítica de Davidson al relativismo conceptual. Luego, se construye un contraejemplo que cuestiona la eficacia del principio de caridad y se argumenta que, si se trata de sostener el holismo con el fin de evitar el relativismo, habría que aceptar un relativismo moderado que trace la distinción entre un background de creencia y redes internas de creencias. Este relativismo es compatible con el abandono de la idea de un esquema conceptual y, por tanto, no implica ningún tipo de inconmensurabilidad ni de intraducibilidad.
Mujeres y filosofía
Authors: Ávila Cañamares Ignacio
Published: May 2020

En los departamentos de filosofía del país existe una marcada disparidad entre la cantidad de hombres y mujeres que se dedican a la filosofía. En este ensayo esbozo algunas razones por las que considero que esta situación amerita una reflexión filosófica por parte de nuestra comunidad. En la primera parte intento delimitar el espacio en el que se sitúa mi reflexión. En la segunda presento dos modelos con los que en el entorno anglosajón se ha intentado dar cuenta de la situación de las mujeres en filosofía y muestro la forma como se aplican al espacio acotado en la parte anterior. En la tercera sección desarrollo algunas consideraciones adicionales sobre dichos modelos, y en la cuarta esbozo dos disquisiciones de carácter más específico.
Nociones y prácticas evaluativas basadas en el enfoque por competencias implementado en los Colegios Técnicos Profesionales de Costa Rica
Authors: Camacho Calvo Silvia
Published: May 2020

El análisis de las modalidades educativas por competencias crea una nueva área de investigación, ya que el tema en Cosa Rica ha sido poco abordado. La presente exploración teórico-metodológica está orientada hacia el análisis y la reflexión en torno a los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje, y a las nociones y prácticas evaluativas en la implementación del enfoque basado en competencias en los Colegios Técnico Profesionales (CTPs) del Ministerio de Educación Pública (MEP) en Costa Rica. La investigación inicia con un breve análisis crítico sobre las nociones, la construcción del currículo y las prácticas evaluativas bajo los enfoques basados en competencias. Posteriormente, expone los enfoques por competencias generados en el contexto costarricense bajo la modalidad de Educación basada en Normas de Competencia Laboral (EBNC) planteados por Ávila y López, enfoque implementado por el MEP. Para responder a la pregunta de investigación, se construyó una narrativa fundamentada en la hermenéutica de Paul Ricoeur, a partir de este método se realizó el análisis crítico de los relatos teóricos de docentes y de estudiantes sobre las nociones de competencia y las prácticas evaluativas en la EBNC. La investigación se realizó entre el 2015 y 2016. Como propósito, se estableció poner en perspectiva la necesidad de una educación que integre los diferentes aspectos del conocimiento, y que trascienda el énfasis de las habilidades laborales, hacia una educación que permita desarrollar el conocimiento de cómo vivir en el mundo como ciudadano activo. Y donde, además, se reconozca la diversidad como una construcción de significado de las diferentes cosmovisiones, en el sentido de los horizontes de interpretación propuestos por los hermeneutas, es decir, para dar sentido como ser humanos a las experiencias diarias de los actores en el sistema educativo dentro los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje.
Factores asociados a la elaboración de tesis en la Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Paraguay
Authors: Soto Figueredo Carmiña Hilda
Published: May 2020

Se muestran algunos resultados de la investigación contenida en la tesis doctoral de la autora, cuyo objetivo es indagar cuáles son los factores asociados a la elaboración de tesis de maestrías y doctorados en la Universidad Nacional de Asunción, en un periodo de análisis de 10 años (2004-2014). Se llevó a cabo una investigación mixta, de diseño correlacional retrospectivo y transversal, con una muestra no probabilística de 189 egresados y egresadas. Los resultados dan cuenta de una asociación entre trabajo a tiempo total/parcial X2 (1, N=189)=5,934, p=0,018, becas o ayudas monetarias X2 (1, N=189)=12,45 p=0,0001, docencia e investigación X2 (4, N=189)=20,44, p=0,0001, frecuencia de encuentro con el tutor o la tutora de tesis X2 (3, N=189)=84,6, p=0,001 y realización de tesis; por otro lado, no se encontró asociación entre el sexo, edad al matricularse, existencia de comités o asesorías de tesis, realización de cursos o talleres de tesis, publicaciones y elaboración de tesis. El principal factor (22%) que impide la realización de tesis es la cuestión metodológica (el o la tesista no sabe cómo hacer la tesis, tiene problemas con la escritura). Las entrevistas evidenciaron la desmotivación en el estudiantado respecto a la falta de acuerdo entre el cuerpo de evaluadores, tutores y mesa examinadora. Se pudo visualizar el carácter complejo y multifactorial que lleva a una situación de no elaboración de la tesis.
ISTIKHDĀM NAMŪDAJ AL TA’LĪM AL TA’ĀWUNĪ BI USLŪB AL MUSĀ’ADAT AL FARDIYYAT DĀKHIL AL MAJMŪ’ĀT FĪ TA’LĪM AL QIRĀ’AT
Authors: Wahyudin Dedih , Marlina Lina , Fhitri Rachma Aulia
Published: May 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan siswa kelas 11 di Madrasah Aliyah Al-Irfan Purwakarta dalam memahami teks bahasa Arab sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif TAI (Team Assisted Individualization), serta mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh penggunaan model tersebut dalam meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam memahami teks bacaan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen dengan desain one group pre-test and post-test design. Adapun teknik yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data yaitu wawancara, observasi, kajian pustaka dan test. Hasil dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa kemampuan siswa dalam memahami teks bahasa Arab sebelum menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif TAI (Team Assisted Individualization) memperoleh hasil rata-rata 55,4 dan kemampuan siswa dalam memahami teks bahasa Arab setelah menggunakan model tersebut memperoleh hasil rata-rata 88,6 . Dengan demikian bahwa penggunaan model pembelajaran kooperatif TAI (Team Assisted Individualization) dalam pembelajaran qira’ah memberikan pengaruh terhadap kemampuan siswa dalam memahami teks bahasa Arab dengan persentase sebesar 71%.Kata kunci: model,  cooperative learning, pembelajaran membaca.
Relaciones de poder en situaciones de violencia doméstica contra la mujer: tendencias del estudio
Authors: Amarijo Cristiane , Figueira Aline Belletti , Ramos Aline Marcelino , Avila Minasi Alex Sandra
Published: May 2020

Introducción: La violencia doméstica contra la mujer, también denominada violencia de género, representa el resultado del desequilibrio en el ejercicio del poder dentro de las relaciones de pareja, en las que los hombres toman el papel de dominador y las mujeres el de oprimida. Sin embargo, para que haya relaciones de poder, debe coexistir la posibilidad de resistencia y el deseo de lucha, aunque sea en la imaginación de la mujer víctima de violencia. En este sentido, se investigó la tendencia de los estudios científicos sobre las relaciones de poder presentes en las situaciones de violencia doméstica contra la mujer. Materiales y métodos: Se llevó a cabo una investigación exploratoria descriptiva de tipo cualitativa a través de una revisión sistemática de la literatura. Se buscaron textos en línea publicados entre 2013 y noviembre de 2017 con los términos "violencia doméstica contra la mujer" y "relaciones de poder". Resultados: Siete artículos científicos fueron encontrados y leídos en su totalidad y sometidos a análisis de contenido. Se elaboraron tres categorías analíticas: "marcadores sociales que contribuyen a la aparición de la VDCM", "construcción de la identidad de las mujeres que sufren violencia doméstica", "consecuencias de la violencia doméstica en la salud y la práctica profesional de las mujeres". Discusión: Para el análisis se adoptó como criterio la frecuencia de abordaje de los temas presentados en las publicaciones. Se elaboró una categoría para cada tema. Conclusiones: El conocimiento sobre las relaciones de poder en situaciones de violencia doméstica contra la mujer es mínimo, lo que revela que el ejercicio del poder en las relaciones de pareja está poco estudiado y que se requieren más estudios con este objetivo.
Como citar este artículo: Amarijo, Cristiane Lopes; Figueira, Aline Belletti; Ramos, Aline Marcelino; Minasi, Alex Sandra Avila. Relações de poder nas situações de violência doméstica contra a mulher: tendência dos estudos. Revista Cuidarte. 2020; 11(2): e1052. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.1052
Efectividad de una intervención de enfermería para modificar la autoeficacia y la sobrecarga del cuidador del paciente hemato- oncológico
Authors: Penagos Castro Rodmar Vanessa , Vargas Escobar Lina María
Published: May 2020

Introducción: El paciente hemato-oncológico va a requerir de un cuidador que lo ayude en el control de síntomas físicos, terapéuticas prescritas, apoyo emocional, entre otros. El cuidador debe prepararse, fortalecer su confianza y motivación a través de la autoeficacia de su rol ya que, si se siente eficaz para cuidar, podrá desarrollar su rol adecuadamente, disminuyendo las posibilidades de presentar sobrecarga. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, cuasi experimental, con dos grupos, pre y pos prueba. El objetivo fue establecer la efectividad de una intervención de enfermería al compararla con la intervención estándar, en la modificación de la autoeficacia y la sobrecarga del rol de cuidador del paciente hemato-oncológico. Para la medición se usó la Escala General de Autoeficacia y la Escala de Zarit. Resultados: La intervención es efectiva para modificar la autoeficacia del cuidador, lo cual se evidencia en la comparación entre el grupo control y experimental posterior a la intervención pasando de 25,8 a 29,8 (p=0.00) en la escala de autoeficacia, así como al interior del grupo experimental pasando de 25,5 a 26,3 (p=0.00). No se observaron diferencias significativas respecto a la sobrecarga del rol de cuidador del paciente hemato-oncológico posterior a la intervención. Discusión: Se aporta una intervención efectiva desde la teoría de enfermería de Resnick para la práctica. Se requieren nuevos estudios que comprueben la efectividad de la intervención en otros contextos. Conclusiones: Las intervenciones educativas de enfermería con enfoque motivacional, son relevantes en la práctica y la investigación, para modificar la autoeficacia del cuidador del paciente hemato-oncológico. Como citar este artículo: Penagos Castro Rodmar Vanessa, Vargas-Escobar Lina María. Efectividad de una intervención de enfermería para modificar la autoeficacia y la sobrecarga del cuidador del paciente hemato- oncológico. Revista Cuidarte. 2020; 11(2): e867. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.867
A new physically based impact model for debris flow
Authors: Li Xingyue , Zhao Jidong , Soga Kenichi
Published: May 2020

A new analytical model is proposed to estimate the peak impact pressure of debris flow exerted on a rigid barrier. The new model consists of two terms, p = α1ρ0gh0 + 0·5ρ0u02, accounting for static and dynamic impacting effects, respectively. The static coefficient α1 is determined according to equations governing the mass and momentum conservation and energy conservation, and the dynamic coefficient 0·5 is adopted on the basis of the Bernoulli equation. The new analytical model is validated for a wide range of Froude number (Fr) with data collected from past studies on small-scale experiments and field observations and numerical simulations of debris flow as a particle–fluid mixture performed by coupled computational fluid dynamics–discrete-element method (CFD–DEM, for wide-range coverage of Fr). Based on equivalence with the new model, the empirical coefficients involved in conventional pure hydrostatic (k) and pure hydrodynamic (α) impact models are found positively and negatively correlated to Fr, respectively. A unique relationship between k and α is further derived: (cos θ/k) + (1/α) = 1, where θ denotes slope angle. The underlying physics of this relationship is interpreted. According to the proposed model, a design chart in terms of Fr is further recommended for practical design of debris-resisting barriers. The new analytical model offers a possible improvement on robust and reliable estimation of debris flow impact on a rigid barrier.