bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“A Hand Spills from the Book's Threshold”: Coauthorship's Readers
Authors: Laird Holly A.
Published: August 2021

“You see?” said Knarf, suddenly rounding on Ord.

“What about the story?” Ord asked. “It seems to have bogged down in world history. Did it ever get out again?”

“The story goes on, but as the book rises to its crisis it shifts into the major theme of the whole community. It is people in a context and the context grows more and more important. They are only little fishes in a maelstrom.”

“I'm fond of fish,” said Ord, obstinately, determined to get Knarf off his high horse. “What happened to that poor fish, Ally?”

… … …

Ally wasn't so much a fish as a limpet.

Marking a narrative break in the twenty-fourth-century writer Knarf's novel about world war II, a novel Knarf recounts orally to his Friend Ord, this passage FromTomorrow and Tomorrow and Tomorrow(1947; 342-43), by M. Barnard Eldershaw (pseudonym of Marjorie Barnard and Flora Eldershaw), enacts a scene of collaboration, falling just short of “full and equal” partnership (though perhaps all literary collaboration must thus fall). Knarf is a reader of his own text, a listener to his own story; the writer is continually in conversation—disagreeing and agreeing with—a would-be writer of the text; that conversation inflects, indeed inscribes itself in, the writer's writing, so that the would-be other writer—who is a reader and listener too—becomes inseparable from the text in process. Thematically contained in these relations, but also uncontainably circumscribing them, are “world history” and “community”: those suprapersonal entities both demand and are produced by collaboration(ism), yet they also overwhelm, dwarf, or marginalize “little fishes” like Ally, Ord, and Knarf. But, then again, world history and community are themselves elusive if meant as much more than fictions about and by little fishes, riding on their high horses.
For Love and Money: Of Potboilers and Precautions
Authors: Sommer Doris
Published: August 2021

Intercourse means commerce, they told us in school. And we giggled at the explosive word that went off in more than one direction. But the confusion is more than simply a joke of mistaken referents or of metaphoric allusions to intimate contact and interested exchange. It is a tangle of productive sex and enterprising business revealing an adjacency of practices that add up to modernity. In a metaleptic circle of cause and effect, modern desire for family and for wealth seemed to drive those practices, and they helped form the kind of modern subject who desired them. The circularity illustrates what Nietzsche said about the fiction of empirical moorings (279-80). The moorings invented themselves to produce an illusion of stability. This is what happened at the beginnings of European modernity, as Mary Poovey shows inA History of the Modern Fact: truth grounded in empirical facts turns out to be a metaleptic effect of the seventeenth-century fiction of precise accounting, a rhetorical compensation for numbers that could not add up in the precarious conditions of mercantilism. But a century later, precise and transparent accounts were no longer performances that interpreted irregular data; they required proofs of economic and civic credibility. In a broad stroke, we can say that the foundational fiction that followed from honorable entrepreneurship is the dynamic law of desire for development as the natural drive of our particular and collective lives. Laissez-faire was the slogan.
Thumbing Our Nose at the Public Sphere: Satire, the Market, and the Invention of Literature
Authors: Thorne Christian
Published: August 2021

This article identifies a major contradiction in Jürgen Habermas's theory of the emergent public sphere. In his account, Habermas gives pride of place to Swift and his fellow Tory satirists. Their assault on the Whig oligarchy, he suggests, is emblematic of public-sphere debate—even though Swift and Company are also the public sphere's fiercest critics. This contradiction is not simply Habermas's; it is the Tories' own. The defining challenge facing the Tory satirists is to conduct a critique of the public sphere—that is, a critique of critique itself—from within that sphere's institutions. We might best understand such satire, then, as a kind of publishing that is not public, a genre that circulates freely in the print marketplace while renouncing the standards of public rationality. Tory satire will bestow this project on the category of literature that emerges later in the century—the project of a public textuality that operates outside the public sphere.
The Case for Literature
Authors: Xingjian Gao
Published: August 2021

I have no way of knowing whether it was fate that has pushed me onto this dais but as various lucky coincidences have created this opportunity I may as well call it fate. Putting aside discussion of the existence or non-existence of God. I would like to say that despite my being an atheist I have always shown reverence for the unknowable.

A person cannot be God, certainly not replace God, and rule the world as a Superman; he will only succeed in creating more chaos and make a greater mess of the world. In the century after Nietzsche man-made disasters left the blackest records in the history of humankind. Supermen of all types called leader of the people, head of the nation and commander of the race did not baulk at resorting to various violent means in perpetrating crimes that in no way resemble the ravings of a very egotistic philosopher. However, I do not wish to waste this talk on literature by saying too much about politics and history, what I want to do is to use this opportunity to speak as one writer in the voice of an individual.
(Co)Labored Li(v)es; Or, Love's Labors Queered
Authors: Leonardi Susan J. , Pope Rebecca A.
Published: August 2021

We felt the first stirrings of collaborative desire fifteen years ago. since then, we have published one book (and some miscellaneous pieces) together and have finished another. They are very different, though related, books, and while producing them we have had different, though related, thoughts about our collaborative authorship. One thing that collaboration teaches you is that there is no last word on anything. Someone looking over your shoulder or over your draft is going to find a better word or cross out your word entirely.

A story of origins: We began to talk about writing a book together while trying to finish our dissertations. It was helpful to fantasize such a project—it presumed that the dissertations would get finished and that when they did, we would be alive and well and still writing. But the fantasy of collaboration addressed other anxieties, especially over the word original in the demand that the dissertation be a “significant and original contribution to scholarship.” Each of us knew how much her work depended on the scholarship she had read and how much the shape of her work had been affected by conversations, in reading groups or over coffee, with other graduate students, professors, friends, bartenders. Worse, in our theory classes we were being rewarded for pontificating about the demise of the very author we were working so hard to become. The notion of solitary authorship on which intellectual authority depends seemed a lie. At least in our cases. We certainly felt like frauds, but then as women in programs in which the students and professors were no longer exclusively but still predominantly male, we were perhaps predisposed to feeling like frauds. To write a book that had two signatures, we mused, would formally acknowledge that authors depend on other authors and would as well trouble the notions of original and originary. Intellectual honesty seemed to require the candid dismantling of the solitary author, of the original and originary genius.
Models of Globalization
Authors: Nethersole Reingard
Published: August 2021

All of us are, willy-nilly, by design or by default, on the move. We are on the move even if, physically, we stay put: immobility is not a realistic option in a world of permanent change. And yet the effects of that new condition are radically unequal. Some of its become fully and truly “global”: some are fixed in their “locality” —a predicament neither pleasurable nor endurable in the world in which the “globals” set the tone and compose the rules of the life-game.

—Zygmunt Bauman, Globalization: The Human Consequences (2)

To say that globalization is ubiquitous is stating the obvious. for globalization has become a household word in boardrooms, local and international institutions, the academy, and the media. It also shapes the everyday life of all but the most disadvantaged communities. Besides having the world at my fingertips twenty-four hours a day, courtesy of CNN and other news channels, I am connected by a mere click of the mouse, even in South Africa, to colleagues across vast geographic distances locally and abroad. The supermarket down the road in my Johannesburg suburb offers me the choice of Oprah's Book Club, the “taste of Provence,” and African, Indian, Chinese, English, and a host of other flavors, not to mention Coca-Cola, because I live in a society made up of different cultures and ethnicities. Without having to move even a mile, I feel like M. de Vogüé, of whom Harper's Magazine said in 1892, “[He] loves travel; he goes to the East and to the West for colors and ideas; his interests are as wide as the universe; his ambition, to use a word of his own, is to be ‘global’” (“Global”).
From Scipio to Nero to the Self: The Exemplary Politics of Stoicism in Garcilaso de la Vega's Elegies
Authors: Graf E. C.
Published: August 2021

What is the relation between the early modern lyric and the emergence of modern individuality? Garcilaso de la Vega's verse from early-sixteenth-century Hapsburg Spain is generally assessed in terms of Petrarchan protocols. But the emotive effects of love fictions and pastoral nostalgia provide an incomplete aesthetic picture. Garcilaso's poetry also concerns modern power relations; some of his most impressive tropes allude to contemporary politics. This essay argues that Garcilaso's most experimental and self-assertive verse manifests the political animus of the Toledan nobility. On the ideological fault line between the municipal capitalists of the comunero revolution (1520–21) and the combined forces of the Hapsburg imperialists and the great landed aristrocracy, Garcilaso's “ultramoderate” lyric production problematizes the imperialist-aristocratic coalition by demystifying the official interpretations of recent events as divinely ordered repetitions of classical history. The peculiar self-referential implosion of the second elegy suggests that the emergence of modern individuality occurs in response to imperialist tyranny.
Keeping Her Distance: Cisneros, Dickinson, and the Politics of Private Enjoyment
Authors: Sanborn Geoffrey
Published: August 2021

Critics of Sandra Cisneros have not paid much attention to her career-long advocacy of private enjoyment, possibly because it seems incompatible with the political commitment that is an equally prominent feature of her work. This essay argues that we cannot name Cisneros's politics without first coming to terms with her representation of the pleasures of withdrawing from face-to-face sociality. In the central chapters of her most famous work,The House on Mango Street, Cisneros maps the political salience of private enjoyment by means of a complex evocation and transformation of a poem by Emily Dickinson. Private enjoyment becomes in Cisneros's hands democratically accessible—the technologies of privacy range from writing to self-talk to masturbation—and constitutively insecure. Because privacy signifies not a space into which one might retreat but a point from which one must depart, it is for Cisneros the precondition of new collective formations.
Translating a worldview in the longue durée: The Tale of “The Bear’s Son”
Authors: Frank Roslyn M
Published: August 2021

Translation is usually understood as the practice of rendering a text written in one language into another, a process that also requires taking into consideration the cultural similarities and differences entrenched in each language. In this chapter a set of European folktales, referred to collectively as the tale of “The Bear’s Son,” are analysed, focusing on the way that the interpretative framework utilised by storytellers and their audiences has changed over time. The chapter enters a terrain that has been little explored, engaging with and addressing not only the question of the role played by folktales in projecting cultural mindsets, but also their role in constructing, maintaining, and ultimately deconstructing a worldview that appears to have been grounded initially in the belief that humans descended from bears.
Comparison of conjunctival free autograft and Rotational flap technique in primary pterygium surgery: Visual changes and safety profiles
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Opthalmology, Peoples College of medical sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, Chaurasia Dr. Pawan , Chaurasia Dr. Vaishali ,   Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
Published: August 2021

Aims and objectives: To evaluate the postoperative symptomatic comfort, visual changes,complication and rate of recurrence in free conjunctival autograft and rotational flap technique inprimary pterygium surgery. Materials & Methods: This prospective study was conducted in 60 eyesof 60 patients, presented with primary progressive nasal pterygium larger than 1mm causingsymptomatic discomfort, astigmatism and cosmetic disfigurement. Patients were divided into twogroups randomly. In group A, patients with pterygium excision with free conjunctival autograft andgroup B, pterygium excision with rotation flap technique were included. Post-operative day 1symptomatic comfort (symptoms and signs), graft stability, corneal clarity and any complicationwere noted. Visual acuity (VA), auto-refracto keratometer measurements and detailedbiomicroscopic examinations, were performed preoperatively and postoperatively at 1month and 3months. Results: Most of the patients in our study were in the middle age group of 40-49 years(41.6%). Out of 60 patients, 35 were males (58.4%) and 25 were females (41.6%). Patients withoutdoor activities had a higher prevalence of pterygium (78.4%). The incidence of pterygium wasmore in the right eye (60%) than left eye (40%). Of the 60 patients, Grade I, II and III pterygiumwas 20%, 56.7% and 23.3% in group A and 16.7%, 63.3% and 20% in group B respectively. Themean symptomatic score was statistically significantly higher for group A for each factor (P<0.05).In the 3rd month, the overall patient’s satisfaction score was significantly higher in group B(P<0.05). Conclusion: Both surgical techniques were equally effective in terms of visual acuity,astigmatism and recurrence. The patient’s satisfaction score was significantly higher in the rotationflap technique group.
Hyperbaton in Obsequens’s Prodigiorum liber
Authors: Tărnăuceanu Claudia
Published: August 2021

The book known as Prodigiorum liber, an inventory of extraordinary phenomena that were thought to foretell important events, written at the end of the fourth century by Obsequens, can be classified as a “specialized” text, with a particular language (sermo prodigialis) and a specific style. Given the “technical” nature of such a writing, where the emphasis lies on conciseness and clarity, it is expected that the occurrence of a topical figure such as the hyperbaton will not be very common. The purpose of this study is to analyze way of achievement and the role of this figure in Prodigiorum liber. Following the examination, it is observed that the hyperbaton, present in a large enough number of examples, appears mainly as a pragmatic means of highlighting, its use as a stylistic ornament, with various expressive valences, being very restricted.
Unfaithful translation and translation purposes: The Discovery of America by Joachim Heinrich Campe, in Romanian version
Authors: Zup Iulia Elena
Published: August 2021

This paper investigates the purpose of using certain translation strategies in the Romanian version of the novel Die Entdekkung von Amerika (1781) by Joachim Heinrich Campe, translated from German by the merchant and teacher Nicola Nicolau from Brașov and published at the Printing House of the University of Buda in 1816 with the title Descoperirea Americii. Starting from the skopus theory developed by Hans Vermeer, the purposes of producing the Romanian version are analysed, in comparison with those of writing the original text and of the translations in other languages. At the textual level, through the comparative analysis, strategies are highlighted, especially omissions and interpolations, which help to achieve the goals of the translator or the text. Thus, through the transfer between the source and the target culture, one can observe the maintenance of the pedagogical Enlightenment goals, of instructing the masses regarding moral virtues and historical and geographical knowledge, and the addition of the one of cultivating the Romanian language.
Traducerea infidelă și scopurile traductive: Descoperirea Americii de Joachim Heinrich Campe, în versiune românească
Authors: Zup Iulia Elena
Published: August 2021

Prezenta lucrare investighează scopul utilizării anumitor strategii traductive în varianta în limba română a romanului Die Entdekkung von Amerika (1781) de Joachim Heinrich Campe, tradusă din germană de negustorul și dascălul brașovean Nicola Nicolau și publicată la Tipografia Universității din Buda în 1816 sub titlul Descoperirea Americii. Pornind de la teoria scopului traducerii enunțată de Hans Vermeer, sînt analizate scopurile producerii variantei în limba română, prin comparație cu cele ale redactării textului original și ale traducerilor în alte limbi. La nivel textual, prin analiză comparativă, sînt evidențiate strategiile, în special omisiunile și interpolările, care ajută la realizarea scopurilor traducătorului sau ale textului. Astfel, prin transferul dintre cultura sursă și cea țintă, sînt constatate menținerea țelurilor iluministe pedagogice, de instruire a maselor privitor la virtuțile morale și cunoștințele istorice și geografice, și adăugarea celui de cultivare a limbii române.
In the name of the father. A personal dostoevskian myth
Authors: Bârleanu Călin-Horia
Published: August 2021

Dostoevsky’s name is already linked to an almost equal number of myths concerning his works, as his life. This fact does not, however, take away from his resplendence, since the true dimension of his great works is still revealing its secrets and meanings. Focused in many of his masterpieces on the paternal figure (manifestly projected or, sometimes, expressed in a latent register), the writer remains captive to his own abyss, from which he derives his creativity, undoubtedly distilling his torment – a torment, it seems, he experienced constantly throughout his life. The symbolic weaving of his work reveals a true thematic network in which the image of the father dominates akin to a god – usually an indifferent and absent one.
Strong Ground Motion Prediction Model for PGV and Spectral Velocity for the Chilean Subduction Zone
Authors: Montalva Gonzalo A. , Bastías Nicolás , Leyton Felipe
Published: August 2021

Ground-motion prediction models (GMPMs) are a critical tool in performing seismic hazard analyses; in turn, these studies condition structural designs. Consequently, new research has appeared not only with a regionalization focus but has also explored the prediction of intensities other than acceleration. We present a GMPM for peak ground velocity (PGV) and spectral velocity (Sv) for the Chilean subduction zone. Because of the limitations of VS30 as site proxy, the proposed model adds the site’s fundamental frequency (f0) as an explanatory variable for the site term in the GMPM. We developed the model for PGV and spectral response periods between 0.06 and 10 s. The total error (σ) of the model shows a slight reduction with the inclusion of the fundamental frequency (f0) compared with a similar model for the pseudoacceleration response spectrum in the same zone. We used the proposed model to predict structural damage during the 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule earthquake, showing a good fit with the geographical distribution of damage, and this creates an opportunity to characterize the seismic behavior of soil deposits, including basins, for urban planning.
An Empirical Method for Estimating Source Vicinity Ground-Motion Levels on Hard Bedrock and Annual Exceedance Probabilities for Inland Crustal Earthquakes with Sources Difficult to Identify in Advance
Authors: Tajima Reiko , Tanaka Hiroto , Wu Changjiang
Published: August 2021

The locations and scales of the seismic sources of inland crustal earthquakes without surface fault traces (Mw≲6.5 in Japan) are difficult to identify in advance, even by conducting detailed surveys, and in such a case, it seems rational to uniformly evaluate ground-motion levels in the regions with similar seismogenic conditions. For such earthquakes, we first developed a technique to estimate ground-motion levels in a specific area by calculating the response spectra corresponding to nonexceedance probabilities (NEPs) based on probability density functions derived using strong-motion records. These records were used in the analysis after adjustments to the condition of being and on hard bedrock (VS≈2000–3000  m/s) in the source vicinity. Next, we developed an empirical method to estimate the correspondence between the NEP spectrum levels and their annual exceedance probabilities (AEPs) by considering annual occurrence frequencies for the target event group. Moreover, we showed an example that applied our approach to all over Japan, where a large number of downhole records on stiff baserock (VS≈700–3000  m/s) have been obtained by the KiK-net, a dense nationwide network of vertical array stations (pairs of surface and downhole recordings). In the example, we demonstrated that the empirical AEP spectral levels using our method are consistent with AEP response spectra, that is, uniform hazard spectra, derived from the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis using the kinematic fault rupture modeling method in a previous study.
Bridging math skills and math literacy though task design and implementation
Authors:   , Reinsburrow Amanda L. , Klein Valerie
Published: August 2021

This multi-method case study explored the actual and perceived mathematical growth, as measured by the counting and measuring, problem writing tasks (CaMPWTs) and focus student interviews respectively, of fifth graders at Catherine Elementary Middle School as they completed tasks designed specifically to scaffold the development of a set of math skills that may actively support the development of math literacy. The goal of this research was to understand how the CaMPWT as an instructional model enhanced students mathematical growth over the course of their fifth grade year. Data collection included 22 classroom observations, interviews with eight focal students, the math teacher, and the math coach, and CaMPWT artifacts. Data analysis included quantitative and qualitative methods to identify student growth and themes in the data. Analysis of the research revealed various key findings. First, feedback is key to student learning and when students are given the opportunity to utilize the feedback to revise and resubmit their work, they will show improvement. Six of the eight focal students showed improvement from the in-person to the virtual classroom. Additionally, by providing feedback, the teacher was able to determine challenges students were facing and thus adjust her teaching. This was seen in Ms. Names use of the feedback-revise-resubmit cycle, and how she changed her lessons due to what she saw in the students' submissions. Second, through their participation in both the CaMPWTs and the lessons, the students ability to use of mathematical language and write word problems in context improved. Finally, the CaMPWTs provided a bridge from math skills to math literacy, as all of the focal students did experience growth in their use of math language and math concepts even if it did not look the same for each.
Principals' Stories of Serving Students Experiencing Homelessness Under the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act in Pennsylvania
Authors:   , Wright Alethea , Hill Deanna
Published: August 2021

The federal McKinney-Vento Homeless Education Assistance Act requires that students experiencing homelessness are provided with a free, appropriate public education and requires states and districts to address the barriers and challenges they may experience (42 U.S. C. [section]11431 et seq.). Implementation occurs largely at the state and local levels by state and local actors, including school principals. However, research has shown that principals receive very little professional development on serving students experiencing homelessness and do not understand well what is required by law (Ingram, Bridgeland, Reed, & Atwell, 2016; Waggoner, 2018). This may limit the support students need and are legally entitled to receive. The purpose of this qualitative, narrative study was to explore the stories of Pennsylvania principals in order to better understand the professional development and supports they have received and need to receive in order to appropriately identify and serve students experiencing homelessness. Eleven Pennsylvania principals participated in qualitative interviews. Analysis of the data revealed three themes and eight subthemes. Overall, the principals created their own working definitions of homelessness; received little or no preparation or professional development for serving students experiencing homelessness; and held varied perspectives on their roles with regard to serving students experiencing homelessness. Based on the findings, the researcher offered recommendations for districts, administrator preparation programs, and future researchers. Keywords: McKinney-Vento, students experiencing homelessness, homeless, principals, professional development
La justicia propia de los pueblos indígenas en Colombia. Conceptualización y ejercicios prácticos
Authors: Novoa Moreno Mary Lucero , Mestre Izquierdo Kasokaku Busintana
Published: August 2021

It is the objective of this article to reflect on the meaning and scope of justice from the conceptualization of indigenous peoples, which emanates from within their cosmovision. To accomplish this, it is fundamental to broach the concepts of the Law of Origins, of the Highest Law, and the practical applica-tion of the system of Special Indigenous Justice (SIJ) –the millennial SIJ is formally recognized in the Colombian Constitution and is not just limited to the criminal arena, nor simply to conflicts of jurisdic-tion. Further, it is also essential to understand that justice among the indigenous peoples is conceived holistically, without merely reducing it to how illegal acts are punished in a given indigenous community. The work presented here is an invitation to explore and go in depth into cultural and spiritual dimensions and criteria, elements which, from the life experience of indigenous people, are considered fundamental to an understanding of justice: to its content and application as much for prevention as for community life and the restoration of the human fabric. Finally, the experiences of diverse indigenous peoples in the application of the SIJ are included as illustrative examples.
Libertad de expresión, independencia, imparcialidad: los jueces en las redes sociales. Un estudio de las decisiones del TEDH
Authors: Roca Trías Encarnación
Published: August 2021

Uno de los problemas más discutidos en Europa en el momento actual se refiere a la libertad de expresión de los jueces. En el fondo de esta cuestión se encuentra la protección de la imparcialidad y la independencia de los jueces, como elemento indispensable del Estado de derecho. Desde 1982, con el caso Piersak, el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos ha tenido que tomar partido, formulando su canon sobre dos aspectos: el subjetivo y el objetivo. El ejercicio de la libertad de expresión puede comprometer ambos aspectos. Esto puede ser especialmente grave cuando la opinión del juez tiene lugar en las redes sociales, aunque los remedios no vayan a ser distintos de los tradicionales: el apartamiento del juez del caso mediante la abstención o la recusación.
El Parlamento en los tiempos del coronavirus: el recurso a la Diputación Permanente
Authors: Carrasco Durán Manuel
Published: August 2021

El presente trabajo describe los cambios que ha experimentado la actividad de los Parlamentos durante la pandemia de la covid-19, en lo relativo tanto a las Cortes como a las comunidades autónomas. Se examina, con especial detalle, la convocatoria de la Diputación Permanente en algunos Parlamentos autonómicos, como instrumento para mantener la presencia del Parlamento en la vida pública, especialmente para asegurar el control del Gobierno en la fase más aguda de la pandemia. Se considera que las dificultades originadas por la pandemia revelaron una laguna en los reglamentos parlamentarios y que la convocatoria de la Diputación Permanente, en tales circunstancias, puede apoyarse en el principio general de continuidad de la institución parlamentaria y en la aplicación, por analogía, de las normas que prevén la Diputación Permanente como solución de continuidad en los lapsos entre períodos de sesiones y entre legislaturas.
Actividad del Tribunal Constitucional: relación de sentencias dictadas durante el tercer cuatrimestre de 2021
Authors:   Área de Derecho Constitucional
Published: August 2021

Actividad del Tribunal Constitucional: relación de sentencias dictadas durante el tercer cuatrimestre de 2021
Del tránsito presidencial en la Sala 2.ª del TCFA y de su reflejo en la superación de su disparatada sentencia Weiss, de 5 de mayo de 2020
Authors: López Castillo Antonio
Published: August 2021

En la sentencia Weiss/PSPP la Sala 2.ª del TCFA ha llevado la aplicación del control de ultra vires al extremo, hasta entonces inédito, de desautorizar, por arbitraria e infundada, la interpretación prejudicial del TJUE y, con ello, su inaplicación al caso; mediante un ejercicio exorbitante de interpretación alternativa del DUE (su alternativa interpretación competencial del principio de proporcionalidad confiere a su decisión un tinte arbitrista) al que se anuda la prescripción de tareas a los órganos políticos (que mediatamente apelan a la propia UE), de hacer y de no hacer. La reacción ante tal desatención de la divisoria jurisdiccional ha llevado, de inmediato, a la Sala 2.ª, de presidencia entrante, a modular el sentido y alcance de su remanente jurisdicción de control (no solo) de ultra vires, soltando el lastre-Weiss, en la pretensión de recuperar la congruencia iuseuropea de su función como juez de la aplicabilidad del DUE y de recuperar su prestigio como referente.
La Sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional 35/2020, en el caso Strawberry, un paso más, aunque no el definitivo, hacia la desaparición del delito de enaltecimiento del terrorismo
Authors: Valero Heredia Ana
Published: August 2021

La configuración legislativa del delito de enaltecimiento del terrorismo del art. 578 del Código Penal y su aplicación judicial parecen contradecir varias doctrinas firmemente acuñadas por el Tribunal Constitucional español y por el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos. Entre ellas se encuentran la doctrina del «efecto desaliento» y la del «riesgo real». El presente es un estudio de dichas doctrinas a partir de la reciente e importante Sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional español 35/2020, en el caso Strawberry.
Effectiveness of intra-articular injection of platelet-rich plasma versus triamcinolone in osteoarthritis of knee – A hospital-based randomized clinical trial
Authors: Saidapur S K , B Uppin Rajendra , K Nitish , Bhuti Gangadhar , Bachchu Satish
Published: August 2021

Osteoarthritis of the knee is one of the most common conditions which clinicians have to deal with in their day-to-day practice. There are various pharmacologic therapies recommended for OA knee. Intra-articular Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) and Intra-articular Triamcinolone have been shown to relieve pain and improve quality of life in patients with OA knee. This study is conducted to compare the effectiveness of PRP and Triamcinolone intra-articular injections in Grade 1 & 2 OA knee.

We conducted a randomized control study including 70 patients with Grade 1 & 2 (Kellgrenn & Lawrence grading) OA knee. 35 patients each were divided into the PRP group and Triamcinolone group. Intra-articular PRP 5ml and Intra-articular Triamcinolone 80mg were injected twice 3 weeks apart. The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated by using VAS, KOOS, and WOMAC scores at 3 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months of the follow-up period.

At 3 weeks follow up both the groups showed similar results decreasing pain and improving quality of life. At 6 months follow-up, the PRP group showed better results, and the same effect was observed at 6 months of follow-up. Overall, the PRP group showed better VAS, KOOS, and WOMAC scores compared to the Triamcinolone group.

In the present study both the groups showed improvement in function and reduction in pain in patients with Osteoarthritis of the knee but Triamcinolone had a short-term effect compared to PRP. The study showed the effect of intra-articular injection of platelet-rich plasma was better than triamcinolone in early osteoarthritis of the knee.
Excellent outcome of a patient with acute back pain and osteoporotic fracture- A case report
Authors: Nallasivan Subramanian , S Vignesh Raja , Govindarajan Arunkumar
Published: August 2021

Rheumatoid arthritis is one of the common inflammatory diseases affecting predominantly women. Steroids and anti-inflammatory drugs have been used for decades in managing this condition. Long term steroids have potentially devastating consequences in any multisystem disease and commonly described side effects include Cushing’s syndrome, diabetes and osteoporosis. Fragility fractures are more common in these patients.

We report a patient with back pain and osteoporotic vertebral collapse whose neurological weakness was diagnosed and surgical fixation was done to help the patient improve dramatically. Steroids cause an osteoporotic collapse of the vertebra i.e. fragility fracture and appropriate timely intervention would result in an excellent outcome. Collaboration with other specialists greatly helped to get the treatment early even during this covid pandemic.
Noticias del BID: Vol. 1, no. 8, septiembre 1974
Authors:   Inter-American Development Bank
Published: August 2021

Noticias del BID, publicación mensual que tiene por objetivo informar acerca de las actividades del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo.
BID América: Vol. 26, no. 1-2, enero-febrero 1999
Authors:   Inter-American Development Bank
Published: August 2021

EL BID informa sobre el desarrollo económico y social de América Latina y el Caribe y sobre las actividades del Banco. Se publica 10 veces al año en inglés, español, portugués y francés.
Noticias del BID: Vol. 1, no. 10, noviembre 1974
Authors:   Inter-American Development Bank
Published: August 2021

Noticias del BID, publicación mensual que tiene por objetivo informar acerca de las actividades del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo.
Diversidad y estructura de los ensamblajes ícticos en los humedales, caños y esteros de la sabana inundable del río Ariporo, Casanare, Colombia
Authors: Ospina Ospina Juan Sebastián , Bedoya Giraldo Daniela , Villa-Navarro Francisco Antonio
Published: August 2021

Las sabanas inundables son un bioma importante para la diversidad y funcionalidad de lascomunidades ícticas del Orinoco. Estas sabanas tienen gran conectividad y diversidad ecosistémica,incluida la conformación de diferentes tipos de humedales, por lo que comprender la forma en quesus comunidades de peces se estructuran en los diversos ambientes es clave para la conservaciónbiológica. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la diversidad, la composición y la estructura delos ensamblajes ícticos en los humedales, caños del sistema río-planicie de inundación y esteros delsistema periférico en la sabana inundable del río Ariporo (Casanare). Para ello se analizaron sietesitios distribuidos en ambos tipos de humedales muestreados durante dos periodos hidrométricos enaguas en descenso y aguas bajas. Los peces se recolectaron utilizando una red de arrastre de 10 mx 1,5 m y ojo de malla de 2 mm. La estructura y diversidad de los ensamblajes ícticos se analizaronmediante los modelos de distribución-abundancia, los números de Hill, el análisis de escalamientomultidimensional no-métrico (EMNM) y el índice de especies indicadoras (IndVal). Los resultadosindicaron que los caños albergan la mayor riqueza y diversidad de especies. Asimismo, el EMNM(stress=0,00009) evidenció la conformación de dos ensamblajes ícticos según el tipo de humedal. Enel ensamblaje íctico de caños, se registraron especies especialistas como indicadoras a diferencia delos esteros. Se sugiere que los caños albergan comunidades más complejas y diversas, en tanto quelos esteros son dominados por especies generalistas.
El género neotropical Trichoprosopon Theobald 1901 (Diptera: Culicidae) en Colombia: registros de distribución e importancia médica
Authors: Uribe Soto Sandra , Suaza Vasco Juan David
Published: August 2021

Los mosquitos tienen un papel importante en la transmisión de parásitos y patógenos con efectos en la salud humana y animal, y algunos son también indicadores de la salud de los ecosistemas. Aunque se ha estudiado bastante la presencia y la distribución de estos insectos para entender la dinámica de las enfermedades que transmiten y diseñar estrategias para su monitoreo y el estudio de sus especies, se conoce relativamente poco sobre su ecología en muchas regiones tropicales. El género Trichoprosopon Theobald, de la tribu Sabethini, incluye unas 13 especies de mosquitos con distribución en el Neotrópico en hábitats principalmente rurales y selváticos. Algunas especies se han encontrado infectadas con arbovirus como el Bussuquara, el de la encefalitis de San Luis, el Ilhéus, el Pixuna y el Wyeomyia, en tanto que otras se consideran indicadores biológicos por su asociación con ecosistemas particulares en microambientes naturales de parques urbanos o áreas conservadas con presencia de plantas epífitas como las bromelias. En la presente revisión se actualiza la información sobre el género Trichoprosopon en Colombia, especialmente en lo relativo a su importancia médica y los registros históricos de las especies con presencia en el país, adicionando algunos nuevos a partir de muestreos en las costas Caribe y del Pacífico, en las montañas altoandinas y los valles interandinos (periodo 2009-2018). Se presenta la lista de especies con su distribución y notas ecológicas, registrándose siete especies válidas en diez departamentos que ocupan hábitats con criaderos en plantas fitotelmata: [Tr. andinum Leví-Castillo, Tr.compressum Lutz, Tr. digitatum (Rondani), Tr. evansae Antunes, Tr. lampropus Howard, Dyar & Knab,Tr. lanei (Antunes) y Tr. pallidiventer (Lutz)]; así mismo, se registran dos nuevas especies que harían parte de los complejos descritos en ecosistemas cafeteros andinos.
Диагностическая ценность позитронно-эмиссионной томографии в диагностике опухолей репродуктивных органов в постменопаузе
Authors: Гарашова М.А.к. , Алиева Э.М.к.
Published: August 2021

Были проведены ретроспективное (301 больная) и проспективное (306 больных) исследования у женщин с опухолями репродуктивных органов в постменопаузе. Средний возраст обследуемых женщин, включенных в проспективное исследование, составил 59,3±0,4 (43-75) лет, ретроспективное исследование -61,6±0,4 года. Длительность постменопаузального периода была в пределах 9,8±0,4 года. У всех больных были определены показатели гормонов и онкомаркера СА-125, было проведено эхографическое исследование гениталий. По показаниям были проведены МРТ и ПЭТ-КТ исследования. 22 больным со злокчественными опухолями гениталий различной локализации была проведена ПЭТ. Предварительно было установлено, что из 22 больных у 10 (45,5%) был рак яичников, у 4 (18,2%) рак шейки матки, у 4 (18,2%) рак молочной железы, у 3 (13,6%) рак эндометрия и 1 (4,5%) больной был рак вульвы. При этом, рак яичника проявляется наличием малигнизированных гиперметаболических очагов различной степени интенсивности в аднексальных областях, малигнизированных гиперметаболических лимфоузлов сильной выраженности в парааортальных, паракавальных, подвздошных областях, а также наличием метастазов в отдаленных органах. Рак эндометрия, проявлялся наличием малигнизированных гиперметаболических очагов высокой интенсивности в области тела матки, а также наличием малигнизированных гиперметаболических лимфоузлов в проекциях обоих наружных и внутренних подвздошных сосудов, паховых, парааортальных областей.
Эффективность современных технологий инфекционной безопасности в профилактике ИСМП
Authors: Сметанин В.Н.
Published: August 2021

Инфекции, связанные с оказанием медицинской помощи, представляют важную медицинскую и социальную проблему, так как и в настоящее время занимают одно из первых мест в структуре материнской заболеваемости и смертности. Применение новых диагностических и лечебных технологий позволило существенно уменьшить число тяжелых форм гнойно-воспалительных заболеваний и летальность от них.
Лингвопсихологический аспект развития русской речи учащихся средствами произведений живописи
Authors: Саакян Р.С.
Published: August 2021

В статье представлено научное понимание проблемы номинации эмоционального состояния человека. Особое внимание уделено анализу лексикосемантических групп слов, актуальных для вербализованной интерпретации художественных достоинств картины. Систематизированные автором лексические средства, потенциально значимые для развития речи учащихся средствами живописи, обогащают методику преподавания русского языка в школах Абхазии.
Метафорические номинации в лексике трудовой деятельности (на материале русского островного говора Азербайджана)
Authors: Гейдарова Э.А.
Published: August 2021

Рассматриваются метафорические номинации в лексике, связанной с трудовой деятельностью носителей русского островного говора Азербайджана. В результате проведенного исследования выявлено 26 метафор. В рамках четырех лексико-тематических групп («Земледелие и скотоводство», «Пчеловодство и садоводство», «Рыбный промысел», «Ткачество») представлены биоморфные (11), предметные (9), социальные (4) и геоморфные метафоры. Исследование показало, что для создания метафор активнее всего используется биоморфная сфера. Источником метафоризации выступает не только исконная, но и заимствованная лексика.
Особенности формирования системы внутреннего контроля в компаниях малого и среднего бизнеса
Authors: Наумова А.В.
Published: August 2021

В статье рассматриваются особенности и этапы формирования системы внутреннего контроля в компаниях малого и среднего бизнеса. Приводится алгоритм и инструменты организации системы бухгалтерского учета, обеспечивающей собственников бизнеса релевантной управленческой информацией.
Astaxanthin protective barrier and its ability to improve the health in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Ahmadi Ali-Reza , Ayazi-Nasrabadi Roya
Published: August 2021

Inflammation acts like a double-edged sword and can be harmful if not appropriately controlled. COVID-19 is created through a novel species of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV). Elevated levels of inflammatory factors such as inter- leukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), etc. lead to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and severe complications of infection in the lungs of coronavirus-infected patients. Astaxanthin is a natural and potent carotenoid with powerful antioxidant activity as well as an anti-inflammatory agent that supports good health. The effects of astaxanthin on the regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) pathways and the reduction and suppression of cytokines and other inflam- matory agents such as IL-6 and TNF-α have already been identified. Therefore, these unique features can make this natural compound an excellent option to minimize inflammation and its consequences.
Biofilm formation and molecular analysis of intercellular adhesion gene cluster (icaABCD) among Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from children with adenoiditis
Authors: Ghaioumy Rasoul , Tabatabaeifar Fatemehalsadat , Mozafarinia Karamat , Arabi Mianroodi Aliasghar , Isaei Elham , Morones-Ramírez José Rubén , Agha Kuchak Afshari Setareh , Kalantar-Neyestanaki Davood
Published: August 2021

Background and Objectives: It is well known that Staphylococcus aureus biofilm plays an important role in adenoiditis and biofilm resistance frequently results in failure of therapy. The goal of this study was to evaluate the biofilm production of S. aureus isolates obtained from adenoid specimens and assess the relationship between biofilm formation ability and ica operon genes.
Materials and Methods: A total of 112 adenoid samples were obtained from patients under 15 years old with adenoid hypertrophy. All S. aureus isolates were initially identified by standard microbiological tests and amplification of nuc by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Biofilm formation of S. aureus isolates was evaluated and icaADBC genes were detected by PCR technique.
Results: There were 46 isolates (41%) identified as S. aureus. The ability to produce biofilm was detected among total S. aureus isolates. Molecular study of ica operon revealed that 2 (6.3%) and 19 (59.4%) isolates carried icaA and icaD, respec- tively. The prevalence of icaA + icaD was seen among 11 (34.4%) S. aureus isolates, while icaC and icaB were not detected.
Conclusion: Our findings indicated that icaABCD operon are associated with biofilm formation in S. aureus isolates, how- ever the absence of these genes may not necessarily exclude this property.
High prevalence of multidrug-resistant non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli harboring bla and bla metallo-beta-lactamase genes in Birjand, south-east Iran
Authors: Namaei Mohammad Hasan , Yousefi Masoud , Askari Parvin , Roshanravan Babak , Hashemi Ali , Rezaei Yasaman
Published: August 2021

Background and Objectives: Non-fermentative Gram-negative Bacilli (NFGNB) is known as a major cause of health- care-associated infections with high levels of antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibiotic resistance profiles and molecular characteristics of metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL)-producing NFGNB.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the antibiotic resistance profile of 122 clinical NFGNB isolates was determined by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion and microdilution broth methods. Bacterial isolates were investigated for the detection of MBLs production using the combination disk diffusion Test (CDDT). The existence of bla , bla , and bla NDM genes in all carbapenem-resistant isolates was determined employing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays.
Results: High resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa was reported to cefotaxime and minocycline, whereas Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were highly resistant to all antibiotics except colistin. Multidrug resistance (MDR)-NFGNB (66% vs. 12.5%, P=0.0004) and extensively drug resistant (XDR)-NFGNB (55.7% vs. 12.5%, P=0.001) isolates were significantly more common in hospitalized patients than in outpatients. The production of MBL was seen in 40% of P. aeruginosa and 93.3% of A. baumannii isolates. It was found that 33.3% and 46.7% of carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates, and 13.3% and 28.9% of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii isolates were harboring bla IMP-1 and bla VIM-1 genes, respectively. The incidence of MDR (98.2% vs. 28.3%, P<0.001) and XDR (96.4% vs. 11.7%, P<0.001) in MBL-producing NFGNB isolates was significantly higher than non-MBL-producing isolates.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated a higher rate of resistance among NFGNB isolates with an additional burden of MBL production within them, warranting a need for robust microbiological surveillance and accurate detection of MBL producers among the NFGNB.