bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in lung volume estimated by electrical impedance tomography during apnea and high-flow nasal oxygenation: A single-center randomized controlled trial
Authors: Riedel Thomas , Bürgi Fabian , Greif Robert , Kaiser Heiko , Riva Thomas , Theiler Lorenz , Nabecker Sabine
Published: September 2022

Background

Previous studies concerning humidified, heated high-flow nasal oxygen delivered in spontaneously breathing patients postulated an increase in functional residual capacity as one of its physiological effects. It is unclear wheter this is also true for patients under general anesthesia.

Methodology

The sincle-center noninferiority trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT NCT03478774). This secondary outcome analysis shows estimated differences in lung volume changes using electrical impedance tomography between different flow rates of 100% oxygen in apneic, anesthetized and paralyzed adults prior to intubation. One hundred and twenty five patients were randomized to five groups with different flow rates of 100% oxygen: i) minimal-flow: 0.25 l.min-1 via endotracheal tube; ii) low-flow: 2 l.min-1 + continuous jaw thrust; iii) medium-flow: 10 l.min-1 + continuous jaw thrust; iv) high-flow: 70l.min-1 + continuous jaw thrust; and v) control: 70 l.min-1 + continuous video-laryngoscopy. After standardized anesthesia induction with non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockade, the 15-minute apnea period and oxygen delivery was started according to the randomized flow rate. Continuous electrical impedance tomography measurements were performed during the 15-minute apnea period. Total change in lung impedance (an estimate of changes in lung volume) over the 15-minute apnea period and times to 25%, 50% and 75% of total impedance change were calculated.

Results

One hundred and twenty five patients completed the original study. Six patients did not complete the 15-minute apnea period. Due to maloperation, malfunction and artefacts additional 54 measurements had to be excluded, resulting in 65 patients included into this secondary outcome analysis. We found no differences between groups with respect to decrease in lung impedance or curve progression over the observation period.

Conclusions

Different flow rates of humidified 100% oxygen during apnea result in comparable decreases in lung volumes. The demonstrated increase in functional residual capacity during spontaneous breathing with high-flow nasal oxygenation could not be replicated during apnea under general anesthesia with neuromuscular blockade.
Relationships among creativity indices: Creative potential, production, achievement, and beliefs about own creative personality
Authors: Ishiguro Chiaki , Sato Yuki , Takahashi Ai , Abe Yuko , Kato Etsuko , Takagishi Haruto
Published: September 2022

Although creativity has been measured in various ways (ideas, products, achievements, and personality), the relationships between these measurements remain unclear. The current study examines whether divergent thinking predicts creative behavior (i.e., creative production and achievement) and whether beliefs about own creative personality influences the link between divergent thinking and creative behavior. Eighty-eight undergraduate students were assessed via a divergent thinking test, a creative production test, and a creative achievement questionnaire. The results showed that divergent thinking was positively associated with both creative behaviors (i.e., creative production in fine arts and achievement). In addition, beliefs about own creative personality moderated the relationship between divergent thinking and creative achievements, in that this relationship was stronger when Creative Personality Scale scores were higher. The current findings suggest some associations among creativity indices: divergent thinking promotes creative achievements, and this relation is moderated by beliefs about own creative personality. Further investigation is required to specify the causal relationships among creativity indices.
Cognitive fusion and personality traits in the context of mindfulness: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Pux Sarah , Hahn Eric , Bergmann Niklas , Hahne Inge , Pauly Luca , Ta Thi Minh Tam , Pijenborg Gerdina H. M. , Böge Kerem
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Meditation and mindfulness, though rooted in eastern traditions, have been increasingly embraced in western psychology. However, questions remain regarding the mechanisms through which the beneficial effects of mindfulness occur. The present study aimed to address cognitive fusion as a potential mediator between mindfulness and negative affect and whether the mindfulness-cognitive fusion link is moderated by personality factors in an international sample of frequent meditators.

Methods

An international sample of 739 frequent meditators completed measures of mindfulness (Southampton Mindfulness Questionnaire), cognitive fusion (Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire), negative affect (Brief Symptom Checklist), and personality (Big Five Inventory) in an online survey. Using SPSS Process Macro, cognitive fusion was examined as a mediator between mindfulness and negative affect. Furthermore, Extraversion, Conscientiousness, and Neuroticism were investigated as moderators in the mediation model.

Results

Cognitive fusion was found to be a partial mediator between mindfulness and negative affect (b = -0.249; 95% CI, [-0.289, -0.203]), whereas the examined personality factors were not found to moderate the present model (E: t(734) = 0.951, p = .342); C: t(734) = -0.042, p = .967; N: t(734) = -2.271, p = .023).

Conclusions

This study suggests that cognitive fusion plays a significant role in the association between mindfulness and negative affect. These findings indicate the importance of how individuals internally respond and relate to experiences and the instrumental value of mindfulness effects beyond and outside of mindfulness-based interventions.
Demand–supply-side barriers affecting maternal health service utilization among rural women of West Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia: A qualitative study
Authors: Shallo Seifadin Ahmed , Daba Deresa Bekele , Abubekar Abuzumeran
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Despite the efforts and strategies being applied by the government and the partner organizations to increase maternal health service utilization, maternal health service utilization is low in the general population and very low in rural communities of the West Shoa Zone specifically.

Objective

This study intended to identify and describe barriers contributing to low maternal health service utilization in selected rural districts of the West Shoa Zone of Oromia regional state, Ethiopia, by 2021.

Methods

The study was conducted from February 01 to April 30/2021 in three districts of the West Shoa Zone. The districts were selected purposively based on the report of their last year’s (2020) performance on maternal health service utilization obtained from the Zonal health office, where the ANC follow-up and Institutional delivery were the lowest among the Districts in the Zone. A community-based qualitative phenomenological approach was used to explore the demand-supply side barriers affecting the utilization of maternal health services. Six Focus Group discussions, 9 In-depth Interviews, and 12 Key Informants Interviews were conducted with women who gave birth at home in the last 12 months and with health care providers at different health offices and health institutions. Data were tape-recorded, transcribed verbatim, translated, and analyzed thematically using MAXQDA software.

Results

Our findings revealed that though women strongly agree on the importance and advantage of maternal health services utilization, both demand and supply side barriers such as low awareness on when to use the services, not knowing ANC schedule, misinformation about ANC and institutional delivery, not knowing their estimated date of delivery and precipitated labor, shortage of manpower at health institutions, far distance health facilities, and unavailability or un-accessibility of ambulance services during an emergency time, lack of transportation to health facilities were hindering them not to use the services.

Conclusion

In general, rural women are facing many challenges yet to accessing and utilizing maternal health services. To achieve the SDG targets, addressing barriers prohibiting a woman from using MCH should be critically addressed.
Dogs can discriminate between human baseline and psychological stress condition odours
Authors: Wilson Clara , Campbell Kerry , Petzel Zachary , Reeve Catherine
Published: September 2022

Previous research suggests that dogs can detect when humans are experiencing stress. This study tested whether baseline and stress odours were distinguishable to dogs, using a double-blind, two-phase, three-alternative forced-choice procedure. Combined breath and sweat samples were obtained from participants at baseline, and after a stress-inducing (mental arithmetic) task. Participants’ stress was validated with self-report and physiological measures recorded via a Biopac MP150 system. Thirty-six participants’ samples were presented to four dogs across 36 sessions (16, 11, 7 and 2 sessions, respectively). Each session consisted of 10 Phase One training trials and 20 Phase Two discrimination trials. In Phase One, the dog was presented with a participant’s stress sample (taken immediately post-task) alongside two blanks (the sample materials without breath or sweat), and was required to identify the stress sample with an alert behaviour. In Phase Two, the dog was presented with the stress sample, the same participant’s baseline sample (taken pre-task), and a blank. Which sample (blank, baseline, or stress) the dog performed their alert behaviour on was measured. If dogs can correctly alert on the stress sample in Phase Two (when the baseline sample was present), it suggests that baseline and stress odours are distinguishable. Performance ranged from 90.00% to 96.88% accuracy with a combined accuracy of 93.75% (N trials = 720). A binomial test (where probability of success on a single trial was 0.33, and alpha was 0.05) showed that the proportion of correct trials was greater than that expected by chance (p < 0.001). Results indicate that the physiological processes associated with an acute psychological stress response produce changes in the volatile organic compounds emanating from breath and/or sweat that are detectable to dogs. These results add to our understanding of human-dog relationships and could have applications to Emotional Support and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) service dogs.
Effects of a synbiotic as an antibiotic alternative on behavior, production performance, cecal microbial ecology, and jejunal histomorphology of broiler chickens under heat stress
Authors: Mohammed Ahmed , Hu Jiaying , Murugesan Raj , Cheng Heng-Wei
Published: September 2022

The aim of this study was to examine if synbiotics present similar efficiency to a common antibiotic used in poultry production under heat stress (HS) conditions. Two hundred and forty-one-day-old male Ross 708 broiler chicks were distributed among 3 treatments with 8 pens per treatment of 80 birds each for a 42-day trial. From day 15, birds were heat stressed (32°C for 9 h daily, HS) and fed the basal diet (CONT), the basal diet mixed with an antibiotic (Bactiracin Methylene Disalicylate) (0.05 g/kg of feed, BMD) or a synbiotic (0.5 g/kg of feed, SYN). The treatment effects on bird behavior, production performance, jejunal histomorphology, and cecal microbial ecology were examined. Behavioral observation was recorded by using instantaneous scan sampling technique. Production parameters were measured on day 14, 28, and 42. Cecal microbial populations of Escherichia coli and Lactobacilli and jejunal histomorphological parameters were measured at day 42. The results showed that, SYN birds exhibited more feeding and preening but less drinking and panting behaviors compared with both BMD and CONT birds (P < 0.05). The SYN birds also had higher body weight (BW) at both day 28 and 42 compared to CONT birds (P < 0.05). At the end of the experiment, the counts of Escherichia coli of SYN birds were at the similar levels of BMD but were lower than that of CONT birds (P < 0.05); while there were no treatment effects on the populations of Lactobacilli (P > 0.05). In addition, SYN birds had greater villus height compared with both CONT and BMD birds (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that the dietary synbiotic supplement has significant performance and welfare benefits, with the potential to be used as an alternative to antibiotics for poultry meat production, especially during hot seasons.
Archaeobotanical and isotopic analyses of waterlogged remains from the Neolithic pile-dwelling site of Zug-Riedmatt (Switzerland): Resilience strategies of a plant economy in a changing local environment
Authors: Steiner Bigna L. , Martínez-Grau Héctor , Bernasconi Stefano M. , Gross Eda , Hajdas Irka , Jacomet Stefanie , Jaggi Madalina , Schaeren Gishan F. , Antolín Ferran
Published: September 2022

The excellent preservation of the waterlogged botanical remains of the multiphase Neolithic pile-dwelling site of Zug-Riedmatt (Central Switzerland) yielded an ideal dataset to delve into the issue of plant economy of a community spanning several decades. The study identified a major change in crops where oil plants played a key role in the site’s initial phase before being supplanted over the course of a few decades by naked wheat, barley and pea. Wild plants continued to be gathered albeit in different proportions. In the latest settlement phase, the changes in the local vegetation and in the values of the analyses of carbon stable isotopes suggest a less humid environment. The hypothesis is that the changes perceived in the plant economy represent a resilience strategy adopted by the inhabitants in reaction to short term local climatic alterations. The two types of soil sampling techniques (monolith and bulk) allowed comparing these results. While the density of plant remains appears to be underestimated among the samples collected by the monolith technique, the proportions of economic taxa remain unaffected. The findings thus reveal that when the bulk samplings are distributed carefully throughout multiphase sites and avoid mixing stratigraphical units, and if the samplings are representative of all archaeological features from a whole area, then each of the two techniques offer analogous results.
Living apart together: Long-term coexistence of Baltic cod stocks associated with depth-specific habitat use
Authors: Schade Franziska Maria , Weist Peggy , Dierking Jan , Krumme Uwe
Published: September 2022

Coexistence of fish populations (= stocks) of the same species is a common phenomenon. In the Baltic Sea, two genetically divergent stocks of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), Western Baltic cod (WBC) and Eastern Baltic cod (EBC), coexist in the Arkona Sea. Although the relative proportions of WBC and EBC in this area are considered in the current stock assessments, the mixing dynamics and ecological mechanisms underlying coexistence are not well understood. In this study, a genetically validated otolith shape analysis was used to develop the most comprehensive time series of annual stock mixing data (1977–2019) for WBC and EBC. Spatio-temporal mixing analysis confirmed that the two stocks coexist in the Arkona Sea, albeit with fluctuating mixing proportions over the 43-year observation period. Depth-stratified analysis revealed a strong correlation between capture depth and stock mixing patterns, with high proportions of WBC in shallower waters (48–61% in <20m) and increasing proportions of EBC in deeper waters (50–86% in 40-70m). Consistent depth-specific mixing patterns indicate stable differences in depth distribution and habitat use of WBC and EBC that may thus underlie the long-term coexistence of the two stocks in the Arkona Sea. These differences were also reflected in significantly different proportions of WBC and EBC in fisheries applying passive gears in shallower waters (more WBC) and active gears in deeper waters (more EBC). This highlights the potential for fishing gear-specific exploitation of different stocks, and calls for stronger consideration of capture depth and gear type in stock assessments. This novel evidence provides the basis for improved approaches to research, monitoring and management of Baltic cod stocks.
A semi-supervised learning approach for automated 3D cephalometric landmark identification using computed tomography
Authors: Yun Hye Sun , Hyun Chang Min , Baek Seong Hyeon , Lee Sang-Hwy , Seo Jin Keun
Published: September 2022

Identification of 3D cephalometric landmarks that serve as proxy to the shape of human skull is the fundamental step in cephalometric analysis. Since manual landmarking from 3D computed tomography (CT) images is a cumbersome task even for the trained experts, automatic 3D landmark detection system is in a great need. Recently, automatic landmarking of 2D cephalograms using deep learning (DL) has achieved great success, but 3D landmarking for more than 80 landmarks has not yet reached a satisfactory level, because of the factors hindering machine learning such as the high dimensionality of the input data and limited amount of training data due to the ethical restrictions on the use of medical data. This paper presents a semi-supervised DL method for 3D landmarking that takes advantage of anonymized landmark dataset with paired CT data being removed. The proposed method first detects a small number of easy-to-find reference landmarks, then uses them to provide a rough estimation of the all landmarks by utilizing the low dimensional representation learned by variational autoencoder (VAE). The anonymized landmark dataset is used for training the VAE. Finally, coarse-to-fine detection is applied to the small bounding box provided by rough estimation, using separate strategies suitable for the mandible and the cranium. For mandibular landmarks, patch-based 3D CNN is applied to the segmented image of the mandible (separated from the maxilla), in order to capture 3D morphological features of mandible associated with the landmarks. We detect 6 landmarks around the condyle all at once rather than one by one, because they are closely related to each other. For cranial landmarks, we again use the VAE-based latent representation for more accurate annotation. In our experiment, the proposed method achieved a mean detection error of 2.88 mm for 90 landmarks using only 15 paired training data.
Mutations of tyrosine 467 in the human norepinephrine transporter attenuate HIV-1 Tat-induced inhibition of dopamine transport while retaining physiological function
Authors: Strauss Matthew J. , Porter Katherine D. , Quizon Pamela M. , Davis Sarah E. , Lin Steven , Yuan Yaxia , Martinez-Muniz Gustavo A. , Sun Wei-Lun , Zhan Chang-Guo , Zhu Jun
Published: September 2022

Dysregulation of dopaminergic transmission induced by the HIV-1 transactivator of transcription (Tat) has been implicated as a central factor in the development of HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). We have demonstrated that the tyrosine470 residue of the human dopamine transporter (hDAT) plays a critical role in Tat-hDAT interaction. Based on the computational modeling predictions, the present study sought to examine the mutational effects of the tyrosine467 residue of the human norepinephrine transporter (hNET), a corresponding residue of the hDAT tyrosine470, on Tat-induced inhibition of reuptake of dopamine through the hNET. Mutations of the hNET tyrosine467 to a histidine (Y467H) or a phenylalanine (Y467F) displayed similar kinetic properties of reuptake of [3H]dopamine and [3H]norepinephrine in PC12 cells expressing wild-type hNET and its mutants. Compared to wild-type hNET, neither of Y467H or Y467F altered Bmax and Kd values of [3H]WIN35,428 binding, whereas Y467H but not Y467F decreased the Bmax of [3H]nisoxetine binding without changes in Kd. Y467H also increased the affinity of nisoxetine for inhibiting [3H]dopamine uptake relative to wild-type hNET. Recombinant Tat1-86 (140 nM) induced a significant reduction of [3H]dopamine uptake in wild-type hNET, which was attenuated in both Y467H and Y467F. Compared to wild-type hNET, neither Y467H or Y467F altered [3H]dopamine efflux in CHO cells expressing WT hNET and mutants, whereas Y467F but not Y467H decreased [3H]MPP+ efflux. These results demonstrate tyrosine467 as a functional recognition residue in the hNET for Tat-induced inhibition of dopamine transport and provide a novel insight into the molecular basis for developing selective compounds that target Tat-NET interactions in the context of HAND.
Saliva sample for detection of SARS-CoV-2: A possible alternative for mass testing
Authors: Salu Olumuyiwa Babalola , Akase Iorhen Ephraim , Anyanwu Roosevelt Amaobichukwu , Orenolu Mercy Remilekun , Abdullah Maryam Abiodun , Giwa-Tubosun Temie , Oloko Sodiq Abiodun , Oshinjo Ayomide Michael , Abiola Aisha Ajoke , Oyedeji Kolawole Solomon , Omilabu Sunday Aremu
Published: September 2022

Molecular diagnostic testing has played a critical role in the global response to the novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, since its first outbreak in late 2019. At the inception of the COVID-19 pandemic, nasopharyngeal swab sample analysis for COVID-19 diagnosis using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique was the most widely used. However, due to the high cost and difficulty of sample collection, the number of available sample types for COVID-19 diagnosis is rapidly increasing, as is the COVID-19 diagnostic literature. The use of nasal swabs, saliva, and oral fluids as viable sample options for the effective detection of SARS-CoV-2 has been implemented successfully in different settings since 2020. These alternative sample type provides a plethora of advantages including decreasing the high exposure risk to frontline workers, enhancing the chances of home self-sampling, reducing the cost, and significantly increasing testing capacity. This study sought to ascertain the effectiveness of Saliva samples as an alternative for COVID-19 diagnosis in Nigeria. Demographic data, paired samples of Nasopharyngeal Swab and Drooling Saliva were obtained from 309 consenting individuals aged 8–83 years presenting for COVID-19 testing. All samples were simultaneously assayed for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RdRp, N, and E genes using the GeneFinder™ COVID-19 Plus RT-PCR test kit. Out of 309 participants, only 299 with valid RT-PCR results comprising 159 (53.2%) males and 140 (46.8%) females were analyzed in this study using the R Statistical package. Among the 299 samples analyzed, 39 (13.0%) had SARS-CoV-2 detected in at least one specimen type. Both swabs and saliva were positive in 20 (51.3%) participants. Ten participants (25.6%) had swab positive/saliva-negative results and 9 participants (23.1%) had saliva positive/swab-negative results. The percentage of positive and negative agreement of the saliva samples with the nasopharyngeal swab were 67% and 97% respectively with positive and negative predictive values as 69% and 96% respectively. The findings indicate that drooling saliva samples have good and comparable diagnostic accuracy to the nasopharyngeal swabs with moderate sensitivities and high specificities.
Mortality over time among COVID-19 patients hospitalized during the first surge of the pandemic: A large cohort study
Authors: Marcilio Izabel , Lazar Neto Felippe , Lazzeri Cortez Andre , Miethke-Morais Anna , Dutilh Novaes Hillegonda Maria , Possolo de Sousa Heraldo , de Carvalho Carlos Roberto Ribeiro , Shafferman Levin Anna Sara , Ferreira Juliana Carvalho , Gouveia Nelson ,   HCFMUSP COVID-19 Study Group
Published: September 2022

Background

Capacity strain negatively impacts patient outcome, and the effects of patient surge are a continuous threat during the COVID-19 pandemic. Evaluating changes in mortality over time enables evidence-based resource planning, thus improving patient outcome. Our aim was to describe baseline risk factors associated with mortality among COVID-19 hospitalized patients and to compare mortality rates over time.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study in the largest referral hospital for COVID-19 patients in Sao Paulo, Brazil. We investigated risk factors associated with mortality during hospitalization. Independent variables included age group, sex, the Charlson Comorbidity Index, admission period according to the stage of the first wave of the epidemic (early, peak, and late), and intubation.

Results

We included 2949 consecutive COVID-19 patients. 1895 of them were admitted to the ICU, and 1473 required mechanical ventilation. Median length of stay in the ICU was 10 (IQR 5–17) days. Overall mortality rate was 35%, and the adjusted odds ratios for mortality increased with age, male sex, higher Charlson Comorbidity index, need for mechanical ventilation, and being admitted to the hospital during the wave peak of the epidemic. Being admitted to the hospital during the wave peak was associated with a 33% higher risk of mortality.

Conclusions

In-hospital mortality was independently affected by the epidemic period. The recognition of modifiable operational variables associated with patient outcome highlights the importance of a preparedness plan and institutional protocols that include evidence-based practices and allocation of resources.
Does exposure to social media content influence attitudes towards, and engagement in, road rule violations? A systematic review
Authors: Stefanidis Kayla B. , Davey Ben , Truelove Verity , Schiemer Carla , Freeman James
Published: September 2022

Background/objectives

With the increasing popularity and saliency of social media, there is a pressing need to identify whether exposure to such content can affect road rule compliance, especially given that social media has been found to influence other risky behaviours. This systematic review (conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines) summarised existing evidence concerning: (a) the nature of driving-related content on social media and (b) whether such content can influence attitudes and subsequent driving behaviour.

Methods

Peer-reviewed articles written in English, that explored social media content in relation to road safety or driving behaviours (e.g., speeding, tailgating, distraction, impaired driving, and seatbelt use), were eligible for review. Searches were conducted via SCOPUS, PUBMED, ProQuest and TRID in June 2021.

Results/discussion

A total of 8 studies met the requirements for this study, resulting in three key findings. First, it was found that very few studies have explored the type and extent of driving-related content on social media, and the small collection of existing research has focused solely on YouTube and Twitter. Second, whilst the nature of driving-related content on social media varies substantially across studies, a body of content exists that promotes or encourages risky driving behaviour or road rule violations. Third, and despite the array of available online content, there is a paucity of research illuminating the impact of social media messages on attitudes towards, and behaviours linked to road safety. This review highlights the need for research to keep pace with the rapidly changing nature of social media (not least the impacts upon human behaviour) and outlines pathways to increase current scientific understanding.
Diversity, Disruption, Continuity: Parenting and Social and Emotional Wellbeing Amongst Aboriginal Peoples and Torres Strait Islanders
Authors: Heath Fiona , Bor William , Thompson Jenny , Cox Leonie
Published: September 2022

This paper reviews the diversity in parenting values and practices amongst Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islanders. First, issues arising from the historical traumatic disruption of families' attachments are discussed. Then the contribution Indigenous parenting makes to the development of healthy and vulnerable individuals becomes the central focus. Family therapists can draw from a broad understanding of the diversity of parenting values and practices in the context of a strength‐based approach.
Family Therapy in France: An Australian Perspective
Authors: Moore Lynda
Published: September 2022

This article is an exploration of family therapy in France by an Australian social worker and family therapist. It also reports on the 2010 European Family Therapy Conference and includes an interview with Dr Mony Elkaïm that provides an overview of his work. All this is discussed in terms of its relevance for family therapists in Australia. It is followed by a brief response from Dr Elkaïm.
Just a noisy hall, where there’s a nightly brawl, and all that punk: The problematic union of craft beer and punk
Authors: Fields Paul
Published: September 2022

It has been claimed that craft beer and punk are bedfellows. There are large numbers of Millennials among drinkers of craft beer and fans of punk, and each can play a significant role in drinkers’ and fans’ identities. Communities are built around the appreciation of each, and precision is important. Subtle distinctions between different craft beers are magnified to craft beer drinkers; subtle differences in sound between different punk bands are magnified to committed punk fans. Obscure craft beers manufactured in low numbers reflect the limited run of 100 units of an album pressed on vinyl by an obscure punk band. These similarities have not gone unnoticed by craft breweries or punk bands. Scottish brewery BrewDog uses the word ‘punk’ in its products and literature; US brewery Stone Brewing partnered with US punk band NOFX to produce a NOFX-branded craft beer. However, both breweries have suffered as a consequence. This article reflects on both breweries’ appropriation of punk and considers factors that contributed to problems that they subsequently encountered. In both cases, though in different ways, conceptions of punk that are lazy, platitudinous or both have contributed towards the issues suffered.
The Thirunangai Promise: Gender as a contingent outcome of migration and economic exchange
Authors: Nataraj Shakthi
Published: September 2022

In this paper, I track how social actors in the city of Chennai in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu contested the boundaries of thirunangai identity, the preferred Tamil term for transgender women. Using a framework derived from linguistic and economic anthropology, I show how gendered personhood is a contingent outcome of the value and meaning given to migrations and economic exchanges, where migration makes new gendered subjectivities possible while curtailing others. I offer a queer analysis of migration, highlighting how social womanhood is a contingent achievement and a contested status, split along axes of class, caste, religion, language, cis- or transgenderhood, and so forth. Not all persons socially categorised as women marry, migrate or labour in the same way, and gender is never a singular or isolated axis of differentiation.
‘They Kill Us Trans Women’: Migration, informal labour, and sex work among trans Venezuelan asylum seekers and undocumented migrants in Brazil during COVID-19
Authors: Su Yvonne , Valiquette Tyler
Published: September 2022

This short article contributes to the growing scholarship on the complex ways sexual orientation and gender identity impact people’s experiences of migration, informal labour, and sex work. Drawing on surveys and interviews with twelve trans Venezuelan asylum seekers and undocumented migrants in Brazil and six key informant interviews with sex workers, trans activists, and humanitarian and NGO staff, this short article asks: How has COVID-19 affected the livelihoods of trans Venezuelan asylum seekers and undocumented migrants?
A Study on the Problems and Improvement by Analyzing the Disastrous Large-scale Forest Fire Response System: Focusing on Simultaneous Forest Fires along the East Coast of Gangwon-do Province
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Ju Young Kuk , Lee Jong Ho
Published: September 2022

On April 4, 2019, the forest fire that spread simultaneously to five cities and counties, including Inje, Goseong, Sokcho, and Gangneung and Donghae, on the east coast of Gangwon-do, was extinguished at an early stage. It is regarded as the result of the response with full force of Korea Forest Service, National Fire Agency, Militray, and other related organizations. However, it is also true that the limitations of current forest fire response system and the operation of forest fire response personnel, facilities and equipment were revealed in the process of responding Gangwon forest fire. To find solutions to these problems, from March 3 to April 2, 2021, a survey was conducted with firefighters, forest officials and residents in Gangwon-province with experience in forest fire on a total of 29 questions about Law and Policy, Forest Fire Response System and Operation of manpower and equipment. Based on the results of the survey and literature research, an improvement plan for the Forest Fire Disaster Response System was sought. Based on our survey results, we propose the following measures to improve South Korea's forest fire response system in the future. ; the incident command system should be unified, forest authorities' forest fire prevention and management system should be further strengthened, and forest fire response system must be improved to the level of other major countries through better legislations.
Fire Risk Assessment of Energy Storage System Based on Case Studies Using Risk Matrix Method
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Lee Heung Su , Hong Sung Ho , Park Moon Woo
Published: September 2022

Energy Storage System (ESS) is a facility that can store electricity and supply power when needed, and is a very necessary element for new and renewable energy generation. Thermal runaway fires can occur due to various causes in ESS. These fires can cause different damage depending on the building structure and other building disaster prevention facilities. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the fire risk by deriving the frequency of occurrence of the cause of fire in the ESS and checking the severity factor that determines the damage scale. In this study, fire risk assessment of ESS was performed using risk matrix method. The risk assessment was conducted based on data collected based on fire cases and field investigations. Through risk assessment, it was confirmed that the main causes of ESS fires were EMS/BMS errors and battery abnormalities. In addition, as the structure of the ESS building is fire-resistant, the fire compartment is set, and the separation distance between battery facilities is larger, the damage caused by a fire is smaller.
Implication on Nuclear/Radiological Incident Response Focusing on Interagency Coordination in the United States
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Kim Younhee
Published: September 2022

A nuclear/radiological incident is known as a low-probability and high-impact disaster, yet it is catastrophic when it actually happens. Therefore intensive preparation for an effective response is required and many institutions and stakeholders are involved in the preparedness phase. This research is to examine the inter-agency coordination model on nuclear/Radiological incident response in the United States and aims to extract policy implications. In order to do so, the Nuclear/Radiological Incident Annex to the Response and Recovery Federal Interagency Operational Plan was studied with a focus on the interagency coordination program in the United States. This study reviewed the Federal Radiological Preparedness Coordinating Committee (FRPCC) and Radiological Emergency Preparedness Program (REPP) in the United States and examined the role of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) as a lead entity for federal response activities for the nuclear/radiological event. This study suggests establishing a central government program to support local governments for radiological emergency preparedness activities and coordination efforts among stakeholders.
Analysis of the Effects of Industrial Safety and Health Policy Literacy on Policy Satisfaction: Focusing on the Moderating Effect of the Communication within the Organization
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Choi Jung Yoon , Yoo Doo Ho
Published: September 2022

This paper tries to elicit implications of policies that are required for a society to move forward in a safe direction by conducting empirical analyses of the effects of industrial safety and health policy literacy on policy satisfaction and the moderating effects of the communication within the organization. The Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute (OSHRI) under the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA) has conducted the "2018 Occupational Safety and Health Survey" to identify the current state of safety and health activities within workplaces. After analyzing the data, the paper concluded that higher industrial safety and health policy literacy increases policy satisfaction. Communication within the organization does not have a direct impact on policy literacy. It causes a negative moderating effect on the relationship between policy literacy and policy satisfaction. This research can be seen as relevant through this political approach and the empirical analysis results since it can provide attempts from the political and managerial perspective and practical implications for creating safe work spaces to the industrial safety and health research area, which is mainly comprised of a behavioral approach.
The Hidden Microplastic A New Insight into Degradation of Plastic in Marine Environment
Authors: Gaur Nisha , Roy Sanchita , Das Chandramouli , Dutta Dhiraj , Dubey Rama , Dwivedi Sanjai Kumar
Published: September 2022

Plastic is usually used in essential areas like packaging, industries electronic, construction, building, healthcare, transport, etc. gradually pollution is increasing in the world. Plastic makes a high level of pollution that is affecting both the life on earth and the marine organisms. Around the world, many scientists and environmentalists have been developing various technologies to deal with the constant increase of this threat to the environment. Various bio-based solutions are to be kept in the account to mitigate the foreseen problem of micro-plastic pollution. The indigenous microbes (exposed to plastic) form the dense bio-film around the plastic and degrade it with the help of active catalytic enzymes. Therefore, in this review, the authors have discussed the source, the harmful impact of micro-plastic, biodegradation of plastic, and future eco-friendly approaches which might help in the removal of plastic from the marine environment.
Biochemical and Ultrastructural Studies for Toxicity of Kaempferol Derivative Recovered from the Plant Lysimachia Ramosa
Authors: Sarkar Ashish , Roy Bishnupada
Published: September 2022

Leaves of Lysimachia ramosa are used by various tribes of Meghalaya to cure intestinal helminth infections. Preliminary investigations disclosed impressive anthelmintic effects of the kaempferol derivative, an active component of the plant, however, toxic effects on its consumers, if any, are not known. Therefore, the present study has been undertaken to investigate the acute and sub-acute toxic effects of kaempferol derivative, of the plant, taking Wistar rats as a model. Following OECD 407, 250 mg, 500 mg, and 1000 mg/kg body weight doses of the active component have been selected to treat the animals for 28 days. On the 29th day, the animals have been sacrificed to assess different toxicological effects on animals. The LD50 value of the anthelmintic component was found to be more than 5000 mg/kg body weight of rats. Histological, ultrastructural, haematological, biochemical, andorgano-somatic (HSI and RSI) studies demonstrate changes in surface characteristics of various cellular organelles of different vital organs such as the liver, kidney, and intestine. Alterations were also recorded in different vital enzymes such as AST, ALT, and ALP in the phytochemical exposed rats at higher doses. The results revealed that treatment with the active component at a higher concentration may lead to toxicological effects if treatment persists for a longer period.
El Programa de Estudios Universitarios en Ciencias Naturales y de la Salud: una intervención para evitar la deserción universitaria
Authors: Fajardo-Tiriath Dalila , Gaviria-Blanco Magda Milena
Published: September 2022

En este texto se presenta el Programa de Estudios Universitarios de la Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas de la Universidad del Rosario, como una estrategia encaminada a evitar la deserción estudiantil relacionada con los siguientes determinantes académicos: transición colegio-universidad, adaptación a la vida universitaria, puntaje obtenido en la prueba de Estado, orientación profesional, métodos de estudio y rendimiento académico, los cuales fueron tácitos en la población que participó en el programa. Producto del análisis de la información de nueve semestres académicos (2009-I a 2013-I), durante los cuales 94 estudiantes aprobaron el programa, se evidenció que una vez están vinculados al pregrado, la tasa de permanencia fue del 90,4%, mientras que el índice de deserción fue de 9,6%, lo que permite inferir que la intervención llevada a cabo favoreció la retención estudiantil y sugiere además un progreso académico importante en los estudiantes.
Propuesta didáctica de lectura cinematográfica para la comprensión de la jerga colombiana mediante la película "La gente de La Universal"
Authors: Echevarría-Rodríguez Jefferson Leandro
Published: September 2022

Este artículo reúne los componentes más importantes de una investigación monográfica surgida por una necesidad pedagógica de definir un enfoque didáctico de lectura cinematográfica en al aula. Su recorrido conceptual clarifica y amplía la perspectiva del problema central de la investigación: reconocer al cine como una estrategia de lectura dentro de los escenarios tanto teóricos como pedagógicos, dados en un grupo específico de estudiantes. Por otra parte, vincula a la jerga colombiana en una base conceptual que permite desarrollar y ampliar un marco significativo para la clarificación de dicho problema, tomando factores del signo y el significante que expliquen los alcances enunciativos de relación social dentro de un contexto particular. Por consiguiente, se utiliza como herramienta fundamental la película colombiana La gente de La Universal, con el fin de identificar, analizar y comprender eventos socioculturales, en los cuales la jerga colombiana influya significativamente mediante los enunciados hechos por los personajes, cuyas reacciones —que bien pueden esgrimirse entre lo verbal o lo proxémico— confirmen y amplíen el argumento principal de la trama expuesta. Finalmente, utiliza el enfoque didáctico como evidencia metodológica que promueva los diferentes resultados y aplicaciones en los estudiantes.
Household Welfare, Extreme and Chronic Poverty Between Indigenous Groups of Bolivia
Authors: Castellanos Iván Velásquez , Rahut Dil Bahadur
Published: September 2022

Abstract

This study examines the determinants of household welfare, extreme and chronic poverty among indigenous peoples among three different ethnic groups: Aymaras, Quechuas and Chipayas in rural Bolivia using primary panel data set collected in 2004 and 2005 from rural areas of La Paz, Oruro, Potosi and Chuquisaca departments. It was found that ethnicity and indigenous origins are closely associated with extreme and chronic poverty among rural communities. The OLS and the logit estimations shows that the household size and composition, education, literacy, livestock assets, migration, access to the market are important determinants of welfare and chronic poverty. It was also found that the households from Oruro, Chuquisaca and Potosi departments have higher probability of becoming chronic poor compared to households from the La Paz Department, which indicates the disparity in the regional development.
DOD and NGOs in Haiti ‐ A Successful Partnership
Authors: James Terbush , Cubano Miguel
Published: September 2022

The 2010 Haiti Earthquake was the deadliest single disaster in this Hemisphere, ever. International Aid Organizations and Governments rushed to assist the survivors. Among these, the US Department of Defense played a significant role. Alongside DoD however were a large number of NGO volunteers onboard the USNS Comfort hospital ship, which provided critical specialty skills. This partnership, DoD and NGOs, has already demonstrated significant benefit in lives saved and suffering mitigated. Various lessons learned are noted and recommendations for improvement in the way NGOs are sourced and integrated for these missions. However, the greatest benefit could be in future disaster response when synergies developed from combined training and exercises allow DoD and NGOs to respond seamlessly and effectively to another major disaster, together.
Understanding the Role of Policy Narratives and the Public Policy Arena: Obesity as a Lesson in Public Policy Development
Authors: Clemons Randy S. , McBeth Mark K. , Kusko Elizabeth
Published: September 2022

As witnessed by recent national policy battles over health care and climate change, the policy environment in the United States (U.S.) is increasingly politically polarized. U.S. public policy is progressively driven by divisive symbols and dominated by morality debates often articulated in the form of emotional narratives. One such issue that has gained attention in the U.S., partially due to efforts of First Lady Michelle Obama, is the increasing levels of obesity. Obesity policy advocates warn that the U.S. is facing a crisis that impacts not only our health, but our national competitiveness; not only our military preparedness, but our national security. Our goal is not to get involved in the scientific debate over obesity and its costs to society but rather to explore the role that policy narratives and causal attribution play in determining attitudes toward obesity and obesity policy. We contend that an individual's view of obesity is shaped by their view of individual rights and responsibilities and of individual morality; and determined more by stories (especially narratives that “fit” with those views) than by science. Our paper seeks to test whether science or other factors primarily shape one's view of government's appropriate role relative to the obesity issue and to examine which of two foundational moral narratives is more convincing in the obesity policy realm. Using a sample of 172 respondents at two institutions of higher education in the United States, we find that a “Strict Father Morality” narrative was more convincing than a science statement in influencing an individual's view of obesity. Respondents believed that obesity was a serious problem, but they were deeply divided over government's role in addressing the obesity issue. Female respondents were the most supportive of governmental efforts to address obesity. We explore the potential impact of our findings for public policy development and future research.