bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mediation effect of gut microbiota on the relationship between physical activity and carotid plaque
Authors: Ouyang Wenbin , Tang Bei , He Yongmei , Wu Hao , Yang Pingting , Yin Lu , Li Xiaohui , Li Ying , Huang Xin
Published: July 2024

Background

Physical activity has been shown to have an effect on Carotid plaque (CP) which is a predictor of Cardiovascular disease (CVD). Studies have shown that physical activity can alter the composition of gut microbiota, whether its influence on CP was mediated by gut microbiota has yet to be proved.

Methods

We conducted a case–control study involving 30 CP patients and 31 controls. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between CP and physical activity. LefSe was used to explore the association between gut microbiota and physical activity as well as CP, and PhyloMed was used to examine the mediating effect of gut microbiota in the association between physical activity and CP.

Results

After adjusting for potential confounders, adequate physical activity showed a significant association with a decreased risk of CP (ORadj: 0.25, 95%CI: 0.06, 0.97). CP was associated with enrichment in the order Bacteroidales within the phylum Bacteroidetes and the predominant microbiota in individuals without plaque was the order Clostridiales (LDA scores >3). Individuals with adequate physical activity had a higher abundance of the order Clostridiales, while the order Bacteroidetes was enriched in individuals with inadequate physical activity (LDA scores >3). The PhyloMed revealed a significant mediation effect of gut microbiota in the association between physical activity and CP (p = 0.03).

Conclusion

Adequate physical activity was significantly associated with a decreased risk of CP, and this association was mediated by an increase in the abundance of gut microbiota in the order Clostridiales.
Use of logit transformation within statistical analyses of experimental results obtained as proportions: example of method validation experiments and EQA in flow cytometry
Authors: Seiffert S. , Weber S. , Sack U. , Keller T.
Published: July 2024

In laboratory medicine, measurement results are often expressed as proportions of concentrations or counts. These proportions have distinct mathematical properties that can lead to unexpected results when conventional parametric statistical methods are naively applied without due consideration in the analysis of method validation experiments, quality assessments, or clinical studies. In particular, data points near 0% or 100% can lead to misleading analytical conclusions. To avoid these problems, the logit transformation—defined as the natural logarithm of the proportion/(1-proportion)—is used. This transformation produces symmetric distributions centered at zero that extend infinitely in both directions without upper or lower bounds. As a result, parametric statistical methods can be used without introducing bias. Furthermore, homogeneity of variances (HoV) is given. The benefits of this technique are illustrated by two applications: (i) flow cytometry measurement results expressed as proportions and (ii) probabilities derived from multivariable models. In the first case, naive analyses within external quality assessment (EQA) evaluations that lead to inconsistent results are effectively corrected. Second, the transformation eliminates bias and variance heterogeneity, allowing for more effective precision estimation. In summary, the logit transformation ensures unbiased results in statistical analyses. Given the resulting homogeneity of variances, common parametric statistical methods can be implemented, potentially increasing the efficiency of the analysis.
Diagnostic potential of IL6 and other blood-based inflammatory biomarkers in mild traumatic brain injury among children
Authors: Chiollaz Anne-Cécile , Pouillard Virginie , Habre Céline , Seiler Michelle , Romano Fabrizio , Spigariol Fabian , Ritter Schenk Céline , Korff Christian , Maréchal Fabienne , Wyss Verena , Gruaz Lyssia , Montaner Joan , Manzano Sergio , Sanchez Jean-Charles
Published: July 2024

Objectives

Inflammatory biomarkers, as indicators of biological states, provide a valuable approach for accurate and reproducible measurements, crucial for the effective management of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in pediatric patients. This study aims to assess the diagnostic utility of blood-based inflammatory markers IL6, IL8, and IL10 in children with mTBI, including those who did not undergo computed tomography (CT) scans.

Methods

A prospective multicentric cohort study involving 285 pediatric mTBI patients was conducted, stratified into CT-scanned and non-CT-scanned groups within 24 h post-trauma, alongside 74 control subjects. Biomarker levels were quantitatively analyzed using ELISA. Sensitivity and specificity metrics were calculated to determine the diagnostic efficacy of each biomarker.

Results

A total of 223 mTBI patients (78%) did not undergo CT scan examination but were kept in observation for symptoms monitoring at the emergency department (ED) for more than 6 h (in-hospital-observation patients). Among CT-scanned patients (n = 62), 14 (23%) were positive (CT+). Elevated levels of IL6 and IL10 were found in mTBI children compared to controls. Within mTBI patients, IL6 was significantly increased in CT+ patients compared to both CT– and in-hospital-observation patients. No significant differences were observed for IL8 among the compared groups. IL6 yielded a specificity of 48% in identifying CT– and in-hospital-observation patients, with 100% sensitivity in excluding all CT+ cases. These performances were maintained whether IL6 was measured within 6 h or within 24 h after the trauma.

Conclusion

The inflammatory marker IL6 emerges as a robust biomarker, showing promising stratification value for pediatric mTBI patients undergoing CT scans or staying in observation in a pediatric ED.
Case report: Pathological complete response to neoadjuvant brigatinib in stage III non-small cell lung cancer with ALK rearrangement
Authors: Seong Hayoung , Kim Soo Han , Kim Mi Hyun , Cho Jeong Su , Kim Ahrong , Eom Jung Seop
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The use of neoadjuvant anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has not been extensively explored. The current case report highlights the notable pathological complete response (pCR) achieved following neoadjuvant brigatinib therapy in a patient with stage IIIA ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Case presentation

A 32-year-old male presented with incidental lung lesions, ultimately diagnosed as clinical stage T3N1M0, IIIA NSCLC with an ALK gene rearrangement. Following a multidisciplinary discussion, the patient opted for neoadjuvant brigatinib therapy, which significantly reduced the tumor size. Subsequently, surgery with curative intent was performed, revealing pCR with no residual tumor cells. The patient remained disease-free during a 13-month follow-up period.

Conclusion

This case report provides compelling evidence of pCR following brigatinib therapy in ALK-positive NSCLC, suggesting that surgery after neoadjuvant therapy with brigatinib may offer a safe and effective approach for patients with ALK-positive NSCLC.
Tracheal agenesis: the importance of teamwork in an uncommon pathology, challenging diagnosis, and high mortality—a case report
Authors: Fernández Monteagudo Belén , Piris Borregas Salvador , Niño Díaz Lidia , Carbayo Jiménez Tania , Morante Valverde Rocío , Redondo Sedano Jesús Vicente , Moral Pumarega Maria Teresa
Published: July 2024

Introduction

We present the case of a patient with an unexpected postnatal diagnosis of tracheal agenesis, a severe and rare pathology with fewer than 200 cases documented in the literature, typically diagnosed postmortem. In our instance, early diagnosis was achieved through collaborative efforts and teamwork among various professionals. We provide illustrative images and videos to assist colleagues in identifying this congenital anomaly.

Case presentation

The patient is a term newborn with prenatal indicators of polyhydramnios and a single umbilical artery. Upon birth, the infant exhibited severe respiratory distress, and orotracheal intubation via direct laryngoscopy was unfeasible. Consequently, an urgent fibrobronchoscopy, conducted by pediatric surgeons, led to the diagnosis of tracheal agenesis with tracheoesophageal fistula and the placement of a directed endotracheal tube. This intervention facilitated temporary ventilation until parental consensus on management was achieved. Following a multidisciplinary consultation, the decision was made to proceed with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Unfortunately, the patient experienced a prolonged refractory cardiorespiratory arrest and died after 7 h of life in his mother’s arms.

Conclusion

Teamwork in neonatology is indispensable when addressing emergent pathologies. In our experience, multidisciplinary management, including anesthesiologists and pediatric surgeons, should be contemplated in complex scenarios.
Pomegranate seeds: a comprehensive review of traditional uses, chemical composition, and pharmacological properties
Authors: Wang Jian , Sun Mengjie , Yu Jian , Wang Jinglong , Cui Qinghua
Published: July 2024

Pomegranate seeds (PS) are the dried seeds derived from pomegranate fruit, accounting for approximately 20% of the fruit’s total weight, and are a by-product of pomegranate juice extraction. These seeds hold significance in traditional medicine among Uyghurs and Tibetan cultures, featuring diverse clinical applications within traditional Chinese medicine. These applications include management of gastric coldness and acidity, abdominal distension, liver and gallbladder fever, and pediatric enteritis. PS demonstrates properties such as stomach tonicity, qi regulation, analgesia, and anti-inflammatory effects. Extensive research underscores the richness of PS in various phytochemical compounds and metabolites, notably unsaturated fatty acids (particularly linolenic acid and linoleic acid), phenolic compounds tocopherols, proteins, and volatile oils. Notably, among these bioactive compounds, punicic acid (PA), found within PS, demonstrates potential in the prevention and treatment of cancers, diabetes, obesity, and other ailments. Despite extensive literature on pomegranate as a botanical entity, a comprehensive review focusing specifically on the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of PS remains elusive. Therefore, this review aimed to consolidate knowledge regarding the medicinal properties of PS, summarizing its chemical composition, traditional uses, and pharmacological effects in treating various diseases, thereby laying a foundation for the advancement and application of PS in the field of pharmacology.
Phenotypic detection of flax plants based on improved Flax-YOLOv5
Authors: Sun Kai , Liu Chengzhong , Han Junying , Zhang Jianping , Qi Yanni
Published: July 2024

Accurate detection and counting of flax plant organs are crucial for obtaining phenotypic data and are the cornerstone of flax variety selection and management strategies. In this study, a Flax-YOLOv5 model is proposed for obtaining flax plant phenotypic data. Based on the solid foundation of the original YOLOv5x feature extraction network, the network structure was extended to include the BiFormer module, which seamlessly integrates bi-directional encoders and converters, enabling it to focus on key features in an adaptive query manner. As a result, this improves the computational performance and efficiency of the model. In addition, we introduced the SIoU function to compute the regression loss, which effectively solves the problem of mismatch between predicted and actual frames. The flax plants grown in Lanzhou were collected to produce the training, validation, and test sets, and the detection results on the validation set showed that the average accuracy (mAP@0.5) was 99.29%. In the test set, the correlation coefficients (R) of the model’s prediction results with the manually measured number of flax fruits, plant height, main stem length, and number of main stem divisions were 99.59%, 99.53%, 99.05%, and 92.82%, respectively. This study provides a stable and reliable method for the detection and quantification of flax phenotypic characteristics. It opens up a new technical way of selecting and breeding good varieties.
Is it really a neuromyth? A meta-analysis of the learning styles matching hypothesis
Authors: Clinton-Lisell Virginia , Litzinger Christine
Published: July 2024

Learning styles have been a contentious topic in education for years. The purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis of the effects of matching instruction to modality learning styles compared to unmatched instruction on learning outcomes. A systematic search of the research findings yielded 21 eligible studies with 101 effect sizes and 1,712 participants for the meta-analysis. Based on robust variance estimation, there was an overall benefit of matching instruction to learning styles, g = 0.31, SE = 0.12, 95% CI = [0.05, 0.57], p = 0.02. However, only 26% of learning outcome measures indicated matched instruction benefits for at least two styles, indicating a crossover interaction supportive of the matching hypothesis. In total, 12 studies without sufficient statistical details for the meta-analysis were also examined for an indication of a crossover effect; 25% of these studies had findings indicative of a crossover interaction. Given the time and financial expenses of implementation coupled with low study quality, the benefits of matching instruction to learning styles are interpreted as too small and too infrequent to warrant widespread adoption.
Heart rate response to cognitive load as a marker of depression and increased anxiety
Authors: Alshanskaia Evgeniia I. , Zhozhikashvili Natalia A. , Polikanova Irina S. , Martynova Olga V.
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Understanding the interplay between cardiovascular parameters, cognitive stress induced by increasing load, and mental well-being is vital for the development of integrated health strategies today. By monitoring physiological signals like electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmogram (PPG) in real time, researchers can discover how cognitive tasks influence both cardiovascular and mental health. Cardiac biomarkers resulting from cognitive strain act as indicators of autonomic nervous system function, potentially reflecting conditions related to heart and mental health, including depression and anxiety. The purpose of this study is to investigate how cognitive load affects ECG and PPG measurements and whether these can signal early cardiovascular changes during depression and anxiety disorders.

Methods

Ninety participants aged 18 to 45 years, ranging from symptom-free individuals to those with diverse psychological conditions, were assessed using psychological questionnaires and anamnesis. ECG and PPG monitoring were conducted as volunteers engaged in a cognitive 1-back task consisting of two separate blocks, each with six progressively challenging levels. The participants’ responses were analyzed to correlate physiological and psychological data with cognitive stressors and outcomes.

Results

The study confirmed a notable interdependence between anxiety and depression, and cardiovascular responses. Task accuracy decreased with increased task difficulty. A strong relationship between PPG-measured heart rate and markers of depression and trait anxiety was observed. Increasing task difficulty corresponded to an increase in heart rate, linked with elevated levels of depression and trait anxiety. A strong relationship between ECG-measured heart rate and anxiety attacks was observed. Increasing task difficulty corresponded to an increase in heart rate, linked with elevated levels of anxiety attacks, although this association decreased under more challenging conditions.

Discussion

The findings underscore the predictive importance of ECG and PPG heart rate parameters in mental health assessment, particularly depression and anxiety under cognitive stress induced by increasing load. We discuss mechanisms of sympathetic activation explaining these differences. Our research outcomes have implications for clinical assessments and wearable device algorithms for more precise, personalized mental health diagnostics.
Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and associated risk factors among people living with HIV in a rural population of Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Choshi Joel , Flepisi Brian , Mabhida Sihle E. , Sekgala Machoene D. , Mokoena Haskly , Nkambule Bongani B. , Ndwandwe Duduzile , Mchiza Zandile J. , Nqebelele Unati , Kengne André P. , Dludla Phiwayinkosi V. , Hanser Sidney
Published: July 2024

Background

Limited evidence informs on the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in people living with HIV (PLWH) in South Africa. Thus, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of CKD and its associated risk factors among PLWH within the rural province of Limpopo, South Africa.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study of 143 participants, subdivided into groups of PLWH (n = 103) and individuals without HIV (n = 43). Structured questionnaires were used to collect and capture sociodemographic information including age, sex, alcohol intake, smoking status, and educational status. Basic measurements taken included levels of cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4+) count, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, plasma cystatin C, and fasting serum glucose levels. Plasma cystatin C-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI) estimator to determine the prevalence of CKD.

Results

The prevalence of CKD was approximately 7% in PLWH. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that it was only diabetes mellitus (odds ratio of 5.795, 95% confidence interval, p = 0.034) and age (odds ratio of 1.078, 95% confidence interval, p = 0.039) that were significantly associated with CKD in PLWH.

Conclusion

Chronic kidney disease was prevalent in PLWH, and it was further associated with cardiovascular risk factors, diabetes, and ageing. As PLWH age, the burden of CKD may be increased with the increase in cardiovascular-related comorbidities such as diabetes.
Using virtual reality to support the design of work systems in 3P workshops: a use case from the automotive industry
Authors: Hertwig Alma F. , Brandewiede André , Feufel Markus A.
Published: July 2024

In a context of increased competition due to growing customer centricity and product diversity, the automotive industry is challenged to improve the efficiency of its production processes. The design of the work system plays a decisive role in this. Virtual technologies are seen as having great potential to support this process. In this field study, the use of a user-centered Virtual Reality (VR) application for planning workshops was investigated. Over several weeks, the technology was used in the productive 3P workshop. The focus was on the acceptance of the professional groups, which is crucial for the successful integration of VR technology. To evaluate this, a questionnaire study based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), task-technology fit, and User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ) was conducted with 83 participants. Results show that VR technology can be used to conduct 3P workshops and enable acceleration. Determinants of user acceptance are task-technology fit, user experience of the software and how well occupational groups are supported by the technology. Age and prior VR experience did not have a significant impact on user acceptance. The results are discussed with respect to their theoretical and practical implications and limitations are identified.
New model of sports tourism with sustainable tourism development to increase tourist arrivals in Central Aceh Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Rangkuti Yoki Afriandy , Setyawati Heny , Hartono Mugiyo , Hidayah Taufiq
Published: July 2024

Introduction

This study explores the development and implementation of a new sports tourism product called “Run H2O Ride” as a strategy for sustainable tourism in Indonesia.

Methods

The research employs a research and development (R&D) methodology, focusing on identifying potential issues, conducting literature reviews, designing the product, validating the design, and undergoing product development. A combination of discussion group forums (FGD) and expert judgment decisions was used to design the new sport tourism model.

Results

The effectiveness of the model was assessed through limited product tests, main product tests, and operational product tests involving respondents from the local community and tourists. The results indicate that the “Run H2O Ride” model has been well-received, with positive feedback on its suitability and effectiveness in attracting tourists and enhancing the local economy.

Discussion

The study concludes by recommending further research to refine the model and emphasizes the importance of local government support and community participation in sustainable tourism development. Theoretical implications highlight the significance of sports tourism events in promoting tourism, while practical implications suggest alternative solutions for increasing tourist visits and improving destination image. Policy recommendations for local governments are proposed to adopt and implement sports tourism events, aligning with long-term development plans for regional tourism growth.
Outcomes of Kidney Transplants From Toxoplasma-Positive Donors: An Organ Procurement and Transplant Network Database Analysis
Authors: Butani Lavjay , Tancredi Daniel
Published: July 2024

There is a need to reconsider the acceptance of organs from donors considered suboptimal, in the absence of data. Toxoplasma antibody-positive donors (TPD) constitute one such group. The objective of our study was to compare graft survival in deceased donor renal transplant (Tx) recipients, stratified by Toxoplasma IgG status, using the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) database. A log-linear event history regression model for graft failure categorized by Toxoplasma IgG status, adjusting for confounders was applied to first kidney-only Tx recipients from 2018 to 2022. Of the 51,422 Tx, 4,317 (8.4%) were from TPD. Acute rejection and graft failure (5% each) were similar between groups. Crude graft failure was 7.3 failures per 100 person-years for TPD recipients compared to 6.5 failures per 100 person-years for the Toxoplasma-negative group (p 0.008). The crude failure rate ratio was 1.14 with an adjusted hazard rate ratio of 1.04 (95% CI: 0.94, 1.15, p 0.39). In renal Tx recipients, TPD graft recipients have comparable survival to Tx from Toxoplasma-negative recipients. While caution and close monitoring of recipients post-Tx for surveillance of disseminated toxoplasmosis are still warranted, our study suggests that patients can be successfully managed using TPD organs.
New Body Mass Index Cut-Off Point for Obesity Diagnosis in Young Thai Adults
Authors: Kuichanuan Thunchanok , Kitisatorn Thamonwan , Pongchaiyakul Chatlert
Published: July 2024

Obesity is a global health threat affecting people of all ages, especially young adults. Early diagnosis of obesity allows for effective treatments and the prevention of its consequences. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity in Thai young adults, evaluate the extent to which BMI values indicate excess adiposity, and identify the most appropriate BMI diagnostic cut-point based on body fat percentage. The study included 186 young adults aged 20 to 35 years. The diagnosis of obesity using body mass index (BMI) was compared with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-derived body fat percentage, considered the gold standard. The appropriate BMI cut-point was established using ROC curve analysis and the Youden index. Obesity was more common in women and in urban areas. BMI and body fat were significantly correlated; however, there was a high rate of false-negative obesity diagnosis based on the conventional BMI cut-off, a condition known as normal weight obesity (NWO). The newly proposed BMI cut-off points that best correlated with body fat and corrected false negatives were 22.1 kg/m2 for men and 22.5 kg/m2 for women. These new BMI cut-points should be applied together with clinical evaluations for obesity assessment in this particularly high-risk group.
Le terminateur
Authors: Petit Marc
Published: July 2024

L’image de Georg Trakl la plus communément répandue est celle d’un «poète maudit » de l’expressionnisme, chantre du désespoir et de la décadence.

Dans cet essai, l’auteur (universitaire, mais d’abord écrivain, traducteur en français des Oeuvres de Trakl) développe le point de vue inverse. Il s’attache à présenter l’image d’un Trakl méconnu, heureux dans son œuvre, sauvé par l’exercice de l’écriture ; explorateur des zones-limites de la conscience et, chemin faisant, découvreur d’une beauté nouvelle paradoxale, qui apparente la leçon de l’artiste à celle des grands lyriques japonais.

L’itinéraire poétique de Trakl est restitué dans cette lumière ; pour finir, on émet le vœu de ne plus voir le sens d’une œuvre adultéré par les dérives du déterminisme biographique.
« Ich bin eine Slawin »
Authors: Weidenbaum Inge von
Published: July 2024

Des légendes se sont tissées autour de la personne et de l’oeuvre de Ingeborg Bachmann. Le film de Schröter n’a fait que conforter ceux qui prétendaient que Malina retraçait l’expérience traumatisante du viol par le père. Certes, les fragments inédits présentés par Inge von Weidenbaum mettent en scène des personnages féminins qui recherchent la violence et la subissent avec plaisir. Mais on s’aperçoit que ces personnages sont inscrits dans une tradition qui est dénoncée : les trois femmes prises en exemple ont développé une hyper-intellectualité perverse (présentant des analogies avec les héros sadiens) ou bien sont prisonnières d’une situation qui les condamne à la passivité. L’amour tel qu’il devrait être, tel que Ingeborg Bachmann l’a rêvé, devrait être le fruit et l’accomplissement de la raison et du coeur réunis.
"A l'horizon... dans l'éclat du déclin". Structure d'horizon et allégorie dans la poésie d'Ingeborg Bachmann
Authors: Cassagnau Laurent
Published: July 2024

Methodologische Ausgangspunkte sind das Konzept der "Horizontstruktur" von M. Collot und das der "Grenze" bei Wittgenstein. In der Dichtung von I. Bachmann fällt die häufige Thematisierung unzähliger "Grenzphänomene" auf : ,  und  umschließen Raum, Zeit und Mensch und stellen gleichzeitig die Möglichkeit des Überschreitens dieser Grenzen in Aussicht. Ursprungssehnsucht und Liebe heben diese Grenzen ansatzweise auf, um dann um so deutlicher das Scheitern dieses Versuchs darzulegen. Diese paradoxalen und immer von neuem gesuchten Grenzerfahrungen sind ein konstitutives Element in der Dichtung von I. Bachmann. Die Dichtung selbst stellt ein Grenzphänomen dar : denn die Dichtung kann im Gegensatz zur Alltagssprache als vielversprechender Ort der utopischen Sprache gelten ; dem Dichter entzieht sich dieser poetische Zufluchtsort jedoch permanent. Die Allegorie als Stilfigur, weiteres wesentliches Merkmal der Gedichte von Bachmann, läßt Vergleiche mit der Horizontstruktur zu, da auch sie durch die Ambivalenz der Bedeutung charakterisiert werden kann.
Die frühe Offenbach-Rezeption in Wien und Nestroys Anteil daran
Authors: Branscombe Peter
Published: July 2024

The links between the theatres of Paris and Vienna established in the age of Gluck and Kaunitz in the mid-18th century were strengthened at the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th centuries. After a period of Italian domination, the old pattern of the Viennese popular theatre gave way around 1855 to a new French invasion, at the head of which stood Levassor, and especially Jacques Offenbach. A large number of his operettas quickly became established in the repertoire of the suburban theatres, above all that of Carl Treumann on the Franz Josefs Kai. Johann Nestroy was the most important of Offenbach's Viennese admirers ; with wit and skill he transformed Vent du Soir into the brilliant and larger-scale carnival comedy Häuptling Abendwind. A table contains the details of all Offenbach's operettas that were given in Vienna up until the death of Nestroy.
Nur Tanzmusik mit untergelegten Worten ? Zur Ästhetik der Operetten von Johann Strauss
Authors: Wurzl Eberhard
Published: July 2024

Der Titel bezieht sich auf Worte von Eduard Hanslick über Indigo, die erste Strauß-Operette (1871). Strauß, damals bereits ein Meister der Tanzmusik, machte sie zur Grundlage aller seiner Bühnenwerke und entnahm diesen wieder die Tanzthemen, um daraus selbständige Tänze für Ball und Konzert zu formen. Daß die Librettisten ihre Worte oft den vorgegebenen Tanzmelodien unterlegten, ist mehrfach überliefert. Dies besorgte zumeist Richard Genée, der Strauß aber auch bei der musikdramatischen Gestaltung zur Seite stand. Nach der Trennung von Genée schlug Strauß im Zigeunerbaron (1885) den Weg zur komischen Oper ein und zeigte, daß er auch große Musikformen beherrschte. Leider schuf er dann Werke zwiespältigen Charakters, die trotz ihrer musikalischen Schönheiten keinen Dauererfolg brachten.

Die wichtigsten Strauß-Operetten werden hier aus der Sicht prominenter Zeitgenossen und aus heutiger Sicht behandelt.
L'opérette viennoise à Paris (1875-1904) : présences et influences
Authors: Pistone Danièle
Published: July 2024

Des premières découvertes de la musique straussienne jusqu’aux triomphes des spectacles théâtraux, cet article se propose de suivre l’évolution des créations parisiennes de l’opérette viennoise (Strauss, Suppé, Millöcker...), en cherchant à comprendre comment celle-ci fut perçue, comment elle fut diffusée (édition, presse, salles...) et quelles relations peuvent être établies entre ce répertoire et les ouvrages français de ce temps.
Stifter épistolier : entre confidences esthétiques et chronique domestique
Authors: Benay Jeanne
Published: July 2024

Die Briefforschung zu A. Stifter (1805-1868) ist sozusagen inexistent, u.a. weil es bis zu Beginn der 1990er Jahre an allgemeiner Gattungstheo retisierung, an einer kritischen Gesamtedition dieser parzellierten Korrespondenz fehlte (cf. Aprent, Sauer, Wilhelm, Fischer, Japp, Piechotta, Pils, Dick, Welzig), und auch weil die angeblich ungleiche Korrespondenz dieses Autors auf Mißachtung stieß, obwohl Roedl und Sengle punktuell für eine neue Einschätzung plädiert hatten.

Illustrieren Stifters zwischen 1822 und 1867 geschriebene Briefe aber tatsächlich Mensch und Werk (Bachfeld), so haben sie auch ihre eigene literarische Identität — thematisch, formal, generisch — , und in ihrer Transhistorizität gehören sie zu einer entscheidenden Übergangsphase der Epistolographie, in welcher (post)biedermeierliche, realistische und frühgründerische Aspekte, verbunden mit dem Privat-und Öffentlichkeitsmoment, dem Dialogismus und Monologismus, dem Alltäglichen und Außergewöhnlichen des Stifterschen Briefdiskurses, wahrzunehmen sind.

Von Briefen ausgehend, die Stifter an bevorzugten Korrespondenten — an seinen Verleger Heckenast, seine Frau Amalia — und an gelegentliche (Grillparzer, Mömer) richtete, ist es möglich drei Typologien zu unterscheiden, die auf der Relation zum Partner, der Architektur und dem Inhalt der Briefe basieren. Zwischen ästhetischen Bekenntnissen und häuslicher Chronik schwankend, überrascht Stifter als Briefschreiber, denn durch den Respekt vor den "kleinen Dingen" und sein konstantes Vertreten des "sanften Gesetzes" gehört er zu einem Zeitwandel mit neuen Codes, wo private, sachliche Buchführungsnotate neben dem spontanen ästhetischen Organon — einem eigenen "objektivierten Realismus" mit seinen zahlreichen Ausdrucksmöglichkeiten — bestehen. Gehört Stifters Korrespondenz zur Literatur, so ist sie auch ein Beitrag zur Ideen-und Mentalitätsgeschichte.
Kraus, Wittgenstein et la philosophie du langage
Authors: Janik Allan S.
Published: July 2024

Nous savons que Kraus a influencé Wittgenstein, mais nous ignorons la forme qu’a prise cette influence. Cet article traite d’un certain nombre de questions, afin d’établir ce que nous savons de manière relativement sûre au sujet de ce que Wittgenstein aurait pu apprendre de Kraus : quelles œuvres de Kraus Wittgenstein a-t-il lues ? Quand a-t-il subi l’influence de Kraus ? Quel rôle ont joué les aphorismes et les jeux de mots dans l’œuvre de Kraus autour de 1913 ? Quel est le rôle de la double négation dans les aphorismes de Kraus ? Y a-t-il un lien entre celle-ci et la négation simultanée dans les œuvres du jeune Wittgenstein ? Comment l’aphorisme peut-il nous aider à prendre conscience des merveilles de la vie quotidienne ? Quel rôle joue l’humour dans la philosophie tardive de Wittgenstein ?
Die Fortsetzung der Fackel mit anderen Mitteln. Strategie und Praxis des juridischen Kampfes bei Karl Kraus
Authors: Böhm Hermann
Published: July 2024

La continuation de la "Fackel" par d'autres moyens.

Les liens unissant Karl Kraus à la sphère judiciaire semblaient se limiter strictement à son œuvre littéraire. En effet, dès le premier numéro de la Fackel, Kraus s'attaqua violemment aux dysfonctionnements théoriques et pratiques de la justice autrichienne. Son attitude rigoriste vis-à-vis du droit est cependant atténuée par sa propre pratique qui n'hésite pas à se servir des outils judiciaires existants dans son combat contre les méfaits de la culture. Cela signifie que notamment après 1918, Kraus a eu de plus en plus recours à des procès réels pour lutter contre la presse. Les nombreux mémoires élaborés avec son avocat ne témoignent pas seulement de l'acuité de la pensée juridique de Kraus, ils représentent également un aspect non négligeable de sa création littéraire. Kraus lui-même a toujours considéré ses procès comme des phénomènes déclencheurs et accompagnateurs et non pas comme des effets secondaires de son activité satirique.
Didascalies et lutte des classes dans les pièces « viennoises » d’Arthur Schnitzler
Authors: François Jean-Claude
Published: July 2024

Les didascalies sont avant tout des indications pour la mise en scène. On distingue des didascalies externes (en italique) et des didascalies internes (contenues dans le discours des personnages, sur les lieux de faction). Une étude de ce corpus dans trois pièces viennoises de Schnitzler (Anatole , Liebelei, La Ronde) permet de dresser un tableau plus précis de la capitale autrichienne autour de 1900, avec ses profondes disparités culturelles.
Extrémisme de droite et pangermanisme : continuité, traditions, changements
Authors: Neugebauer Wolfgang
Published: July 2024

Der Begriff des Rechtsextremismus umfasst als wesentliche Elemente die Vorstellung einer - meist biologisch fundierten - Volksgemeinschaft als Gegenmodell zu einer pluralistischen, repräsentativen Demokratie, Ethnozentrismus und, damit verbunden, Fremdenfeindlichkeit und Rassismus, Vorstellungen von einem von starker Hand geführten Staat und ein „nationales Geschichtsbild“. In dem 1979 erschienenen Werk „Rechtsextremismus in Österreich“ wurden etwa 50 rechtsextreme Organisationen aufgezählt, deren Bedeutung jedoch allmählich zurückging. Die Machtergreifung Haiders in der FPÖ führte zur Wendung der Partei nach rechtsaußen. Die Umpolung der Partei äußert sich sowohl in ihrer personellen Struktur wie in der von Haider vertretenen Ideologie. Die Inhalte des populistischen, modernisierten Rechtsextremismus, der sich äußerlich von Nationalsozialismus und Neonazismus abhebt, werden durch eine perfekte, modern gestylte Inszenierung in Medien und Öffentlichkeit vernebelt. Haider ist, nicht zuletzt aufgrund seiner unbestreitbaren rhetorischen, medialen taktischen und strategischen Fähigkeiten ein gefährlicher, von vielen immer noch unterschätzter Rechtsaußen-Politiker, der die 1 945 auf den Trümmern des Nationalsozialismus errichtete Zweite Republik Österreich in ein anderes, rechtsautoritäres, in seiner ganzen Dimension noch gar nicht abzuschätzendes System umwandeln will.
L'extrémisme de droite et sa vision du monde
Authors: Reinalter Helmut
Published: July 2024

Angesichts der Zunahme ausländerfeindlicher Ressentiments, des Erstarkens rechtspopulistischer Parteien und der Förderung diffuser Ängste durch eine «populistische Nachrichtenlogik» arbeitet der Beitrag wesentliche Merkmale rechtsextremer Denkstrukturen heraus. Ihr Akzent liegt insbesondere auf agressivem Nationalismus, Rassismus, Intoleranz, Machtverherrlichung, Militarismus, Verherrlichung des NS-Staates, Neigung zu Konspirationstheorien und Gewaltbereitschaft. Trotz dieser begrifflichen Fixierung rechtsextremer Ideologie ist es in der Praxis nicht immer leicht, den Wirkungszusammenhang rechtsextremer Organisationen oder rechtspopulistischer Bewegungen zu beurteilen. Der in Österreich wie in anderen europäischen Ländern anzutreffende Rechtspopulismus ist ein Zeichen gesellschaftlicher und politischer Entsolidarisierung. Er stellt eine mögliche Bedrohung für die Demokratie dar, der durch politische Aufklärung und Wachsamkeit begegnet werden muß. In Österreich ist diese Wachsamkeit insbesondere angesichts der Beteiligung einer rechtspopulistischen Partei an der Regierung angesagt
Film, Literatur und Traum : Gregor von Rezzoris Kain, Mord und Totschlag
Authors: Vowe Klaus Walter
Published: July 2024

Kain, Gregor von Rezzori’s posthumously discovered and unfinished work of prose fiction, is part of Rezzoris legacy concerning his work in the fields of literature and film. Kain is an intensive critique of the experiences of a screenwriter in the flourishing German film industry of the 1950s and 1960s. By analyzing the fragmentary Kain and by presenting Mord und Totschlag, a film by Volker Schlöndorff which Rezzori co-scripted, the essay is keen to work out the principal features Rezzori favored in shaping an honest and truthful literary and filmic representation of the fascist past of German society.
Das Konzept der Totalität im Werk von Hermann Broch
Authors: Schmid-Bortenschlager Sigrid
Published: July 2024

Das Denken Brochs ist gekennzeichnet durch seinen Anspruch auf ein einheitliches Gesamterklärungsmodell und durch seinen deduktiven Charakter, der für ihn identisch mit einem hierarchischen System ist.
Le « modèle Vienne ». L ’Autriche rattachée, laboratoire de la politique antisémite du IIIe Reich
Authors: Fabréguet Michel
Published: July 2024

L'Anschluss de l'Autriche en 1938 offre au Troisième Reich un terrain d'expérimentation particulièrement favorable pour le traitement de la "question juive". Après l'échec du plan Nisko-Lublin (une tentative de déportation des juifs viennois vers la Pologne) Vienne voit la mise en place progressive de la "déjudaïsation de l'économie" (autrement dit l'aryanisation des biens) pour forcer les juifs à l'émigration. Cette expérience d' "émigration légale" est arrêtée par le déclenchement de la guerre et l'expérience viennoise s'orientera vers la "solution finale". En annexe de l'article on trouve des statistiques sur l'évolution de la population juive de Vienne entre 1938 et 1945.
Friedrich Torberg : exil et retour
Authors: Corbin-Schuffels Anne-Marie
Published: July 2024

En janvier 1954, le premier numéro de la revue Forum de Friedrich Torberg paraissait à Vienne, un peu plus d'un an avant la signature du traité d'Etat par l'Autriche. Occupée par les Alliés et donc également par les Soviétiques, l'Autriche était considérée par les puissances occidentales comme un avant-poste exposé qu'il s'agissait de défendre contre l'emprise soviétique. Il n'était donc guère étonnant que le Congrès pour la liberté de la culture (Congress for Cultural Freedom, CCF) cherchât à s'implanter à Vienne, comme il l'avait fait dans plusieurs pays du "monde libre" en Europe. Après son premier congrès fondateur de Berlin en juin 1950, initiée depuis les Etats-Unis et financée par la CIA, s'était donné pour but de rassembler en Europe des intellectuels en un réseau destiné à contrer l'influence soviétique et sa propagande. Dans ce contexte, Friedrich Torberg était une personnalité que les services américains pouvaient considérer comme assez idéale pour créer à Vienne une revue du CCF. Il avait acquis à Vienne avant la guerre une certaine renommée littéraire et y conservait des relations. Ses origines juives l'avaient poussé à chercher refuge aux Etats-Unis depuis 1940 où -au plus tard en 1943 - il fut en contact avec l'OSS (Office of Strategie Services), l'ancêtre de la CIA, puis travailla pour l'OWI (Office of War Information). Il attendit 1951 pour rentrer en Autriche avec un passeport américain. Notre intérêt pour Friedrich Torberg et sa revue Forum s'inscrit donc tout d'abord dans la perspective du combat d'influence livré par les Occidentaux contre les Soviétiques dans le contexte de la Guerre froide en Europe.
Kurt Krenn, un évêque à contre-courant ?
Authors: Pasteur Paul
Published: July 2024

Die schillernde und provokante Persönlichkeit des Sankt Pöltener Bischofs (1991 bis 2004), Kurt Krenn, erregte die medialen Gemüter. Dieser ultra-konservative Prälat aus dem Haus Wojtyla vertrat in Österreich und Rom sowohl politisch als auch religiös rückständige Ansichten. Seine Entgleisungen fanden allerdings bei manchen österreichischen Katholiken ein positives Echo.
Elfriede Jelinek et la ré-écriture de Malina (1991), d’après le roman d’Ingeborg Bachmann
Authors: Benay Jeanne
Published: July 2024

Pour des raisons formelles, Malina d’Elfriede Jelinek, d’après le roman d’Ingeborg Bachmann, n’est pas un véritable «script», bien que l’œuvre ait été écrite pour le film du même nom (metteur en scène Wemer Schroeter, 1991), mais plutôt une adaptation dramatique. S’il s’agit d’un hommage à I. Bachmann qui fut, comme pour bien d’autres, un modèle pour Jelinek, on a aussi affaire à une «appropriation». En effet, Jelinek gomme le «Je» subjectif et individualiste, interprète et reproduit la problématique à sa manière, telle une biographie plus prononcée de Bachmann. Mais ce sont tout de même l’impossibilité d’associer créativité et sexualité, le problème de la femme victime dans une société où elle subit l’homme, qui sont mis en avant, même si la révolte de cette femme semble condamnée d’avance. Jelinek actualise le texte, renforce l’espace public, accumule les relations homme-femme, exploite les situations en ce sens, étouffe l’utopie. Un peu «victime» u’un modèle complexe, Jelinek n’est pas pour autant elle-même.
Kafka, cet oiseau de malheur : Günther Anders contre Franz Kafka
Authors: Jongy Béatrice
Published: July 2024

Günther Anders bricht in Pro und Contra mit der traditionellen Kafka-Rezeption, die aus ihm einen Heiligen zu machen versucht. Die Kennzeichnung der kafkaschen Protagonisten als Außenseiter, die nach einem angemessenen Platz in dieser Welt suchen, ist Kritik am Pessimismus Kafkas und einer gewissen "Unterwürfigkeit". Anhaltspunkte für diese Einschätzung finden sich beispielsweise im Tagebuch. Der kafkasche Held, so Anders, unterwirft sich einer unbegreiflichen gesellschaftlichen Ordnung. In diesem Sinne findet man bei Kafka eine Ästhetik der Erniedrigung, in der sich die Revolte in einem juristischen Sprachduktus und der Ästhetisierung des Leidens erschöpft. Diese Form der Negativität dringt indessen in das Bewußtsein des Lesers. Die scharfe Kritik Anders erklärt sich durch seine Nähe zu Kafka selbst sowie seinen Glauben an die Bedeutung engagierter Literatur. Kafka jedoch ist auf einem anderen Gebiet zu verorten : dem nämlich eines ontologischen Widerstandes und der reinen Literatur.
Connecting Cultures. Heinrich Rauchberg, Franz Kafka, and the Hollerith Machine
Authors: Wagner Benno
Published: July 2024

This paper discusses Kafka’s story In the Penal Colony in the light of the ‘control revolution’ brought about in the field of social statistics by the electric counting machine (the Hollerith machine, forerunner of the IBM computer) at the turn of the century. A student of Austria’s leading national statistician Heinrich Rauchberg, the first European to use Hollerith’s apparatus in the national census of 1890, Kafka obviously possessed detailed knowledge of this technology and its impact on the social concept of man. His story is analyzed as a specifically aesthetic response to this dramatic change in the economy of power in modern society.
La difficile émergence des écoles privées en langue tchèque « Komenský » à Vienne entre 1880 et la première guerre mondiale
Authors: Huchet Nicolas
Published: July 2024

Des années 1870 à la veille de la Première guerre mondiale, la population tchèque de Vienne et de Basse-Autriche tente d’affirmer son identité culturelle et linguistique face à l’animosité des Allemands de la ville. L’association des travailleurs tchèques Komenský essaie d’ouvrir légalement des écoles privées en langue tchèque à Vienne. Elle doit alors subir les chicaneries des autorités allemandes de Vienne, désireuses d’empêcher l’accession des écoles privées tchèques à un statut public qui reviendrait de fait à reconnaître que près de 400 000 Viennois sont d’origine tchèque et non exclusivement allemande. Malgré quelques succès, l’association Komenský ne parvient que de façon limitée à étendre un réseau scolaire tchèque à Vienne, ce qui pénalise la scolarisation des jeunes Tchèques dans des écoles où leur langue maternelle est langue d’enseignement.
Ansichten von Massen
Authors: Barnouw Dagmar
Published: July 2024

Based on newly accessible Canetti texts, this essay re-examines and reevaluates what Canetti has always claimed to be his most important and culturally influential text, «Crowds and Power». It finds this in many ways intriguing, compelling compilation of stories about anthropological materials too clearly guided by a fictionalizing authorial voice to sustain what has been previously called a mixed anthropological-poetic discourse.
Ein Physiker von heute liest „Masse und Macht“
Authors: Leising Günther
Published: July 2024

Es geht um den Versuch eines modernen Naturwissenschaftlers, die Pertinenz der Übertragung physikalischer Begriffe auf die Massenpsychologie Canettis zu zeigen.
Le problème de la violence chez Canetti, Freud et Konrad Lorenz
Authors: Robertson Ritchie
Published: July 2024

Das Thema der Gewalt, das Canettis Gesamtwerk durchzieht, wird hier im Lichte der besonders von Nietzsche und Freud formulierten Problematik untersucht. Obwohl die Kultur die Beherrschung des Trieblebens durch dessen Verinnerlichung und durch die Einverleibung des „Stachels“ fordert, verlangen die gewalttätigen Triebe nach Entladung, sei es als Massenerscheinungen oder individuelle Gewalthandlungen. Diese tragische Gesellschaftstheorie wird an Hand von Canettis Roman Die Blendung veranschaulicht und durch Konrad Lorenz’ Aggressionsbegriff weiter entwickelt.
La conception de « retournement ». Notion dramatique et anthropologique
Authors: Dufresne Marion
Published: July 2024

Étant donné que la conception poétologique de Canetti, telle qu’elle se concrétise d’une part dans ses pièces de théâtre et dans son roman, d’autre part dans le récit autobiographique, est étroitement liée à ses études anthropologiques, nous évoquerons la complexité de la notion de retournement. Elément essentiel de sa théorie dramatique et de sa conception anthropologique, le retournement occupe également une place importante dans les «réflexions» de l’auteur.
La figure du Trickster chez Canetti
Authors: Agard Olivier
Published: July 2024

Cet article analyse le rôle de la figure du Trickster dans l’œuvre de Canetti. Dans Masse et puissance, cette figure est décrite comme le «maître des métamorphoses». En même temps, elle est emblématique de la relation ambivalente entre métamorphose et puissance. Cette même ambivalence caractérise le poète, en tant que «gardien des métamorphoses », et dans son autobiographie, Canetti se met lui-même en scène en Trickster.
« Chacun est le centre du monde, mais vraiment chacun ». Quel est l’objet de l’autobiographie de Canetti
Authors: Wintermeyer Rolf
Published: July 2024

Canetti was often accused of using a traditional narrative style in his autobiography and maintaining the illusion of an “objective narration”. However, although he ignores the standards of his time, he does not do so in order to revive a “whole me” again. Canetti has set a trap which partisans of a standardized modernism or psychology fall into. He eludes all totalities and avoids centring on a “me” by opening up his autobiography to a memorialist’s type of narration.