bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ УЛЬТРАЗВУКОВОГО ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ЯК МЕТОДУ ДІАГНОСТИКИ ПАТОЛОГІЙ РЕПРОДУКТИВНОЇ СИСТЕМИ У САМОК ДРІБНИХ ТВАРИН
Authors: Киричко Б. П. , Звенігородська Т. В. , Киричко О. Б.
Published: December 2021

Через збільшення кількості захворювань репродуктивної системи самок дрібних тварин, таких як ендометрит, полікістоз яєчників, виникає потреба у використанні сучасних, високоефективних методів діагностики таких патологій. Для вирішення завдань на базі науково-навчально-виробничої клініки Полтавського державного аграрного університету було відібрано 47 собак та 103 коти віком від 1 до 18 років протягом 2020–2021 років. У дослідних тварин реєстрували клінічні ознаки: виділення із зовнішніх статевих органів, збільшення об’єму живота, його болючість, поліурію та полідипсію. Також проводили дослідження тваринам, у яких були проблеми із заплідненням, трива-лий анеструс, порушення статевого циклу. Підготовка тварин включала 10-годинну голодну дієту. При дослідженні матки та яєчників готували три акустичних вікна: вздовж білої лінії живота від лобкової кістки до пупкової ділянки; від каудального полюсу правої нирки до клубової ділянки; від каудального полюсу лівої нирки до клубової ділянки. Ультразвукове дослідження проводили в В-режимі. Встановлено, що середній вік котів з патологіями репродуктивної системи складав 3,2±0,5 роки, середній вік собак – 6,2±1,1 роки. Було виявлено, що найпоширенішими патологіями репродук-тивної системи у дрібних тварин є ендометрит, піометра та залозисто-кістозна гіперплазія ендометрія. Ознаками ендометриту на ультразвуковій картині є потовщення, нерівність та гіперехогенність стінок тіла та рогів матки, можлива наявність анехогенного вмістимого. Піометра займає друге по частоті місце серед патологій репродуктивної системи у досліджуваних собак (21,3 %) та трете місце – серед досліджуваних котів (8,7 %). Найменша частка серед патологій репродуктивної системи припадає на захворювання яєчників. У дослідних собак патології яєчників склали 6,4 %, у дослідних котів – 7,8 %.
Menjadi Guru Aktif, Kreatif, dan Inovatif Dalam Pembelajaran Online
Authors: Nst Darisman Henki Shaputra
Published: December 2021

Seorang guru yang memiliki pengetahuan yang lemah dan wawasan yang sempit dapat membuatnya sulit untuk aktif dalam menyampaikan gagasan terkaitpembahasan. Selain itu, seorang guru di saat pembelajaran daring di tuntut mampu kreatif dalam menemukan berbagai metode atau model pembelajaran yang menyenangkan, selarasa dengan kreatif seorang juga harus kreatif dalam menenemukan berbagai inovasi guna menarik erhatian peserta didik terkait materi bahasan.
Resume Filsafat Dakwah Syaikh Yusuf Al-Makassari
Authors: Kahar Kartika Sari
Published: December 2021

Resume ini menceritakan tentang Biografi,Karya-karya Dan Dakwah Syekh Yusuf Al-Makassari
PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS APLIKASI TWITTER DALAM MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN MENULIS DAN MEMBACA CERITA PENDEK
Authors: Primadhani Novi Roza
Published: December 2021

Perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi berhasil memberikan perubahan yang signifikan dalam berbagai dimensi kehidupan manusia. Perubahan yang disebabkan oleh perkembangan IPTEK ini juga ikut mempengaruhi kualitas sumber daya manusia. Kualitas sumber daya manusia merupakan hal yang menjadi eksistensi utama dari suatu bangsa. Tolak ukur utama dari kualitas sumber daya manusia dapat dinilai dari bagaimana keadaan dimensi pendidikan pada bangsa itu sendiri. Apabila mutu pendidikan pada suatu bangsa sudah baik, maka dapat dikatakan kualitas sumber daya manusia yang dimiliki sudah baik. Namun sebaliknya, apabila mutu pendidikan pada suatu bangsa rendah, maka orang akan menilai kualitas sumber daya manusia yang dimiliki juga rendah.
On the dimension of $H^{*}((\mathbb Z_2)^{\times t}, \mathbb Z_2)$ as a module over Steenrod ring
Authors: Phúc Đặng Võ
Published: December 2021

We write $\mathbb P$ for the polynomial algebra in one variable over the finite field $\mathbb Z_2$ and $\mathbb P^{\otimes t} = \mathbb Z_2[x_1, \ldots, x_t]$ for its $t$-fold tensor product with itself. We grade $\mathbb P^{\otimes t}$ by assigning degree $1$ to each generator. We are interested in determining a minimal set of generators for the ring of invariants $(\mathbb P^{\otimes t})^{G_t}$ as a module over Steenrod ring, $\mathscr A_2.$ Here $G_t$ is a subgroup of the general linear group $GL(t, \mathbb Z_2).$ An equivalent problem is to find a monomial basis of the space of "unhit" elements, $\mathbb Z_2\otimes_{\mathscr A_2} (\mathbb P^{\otimes t})^{G_t}$ in each $t$ and degree $n\geq 0.$ The structure of this tensor product is proved surprisingly difficult and has been not yet known for $t\geq 5,$ even for the trivial subgroup $G_t = \{e\}.$ In the present paper, we consider the subgroup $G_t = \{e\}$ for $t \in \{5, 6\},$ and obtain some new results on $\mathscr A_2$-generators of $(\mathbb P^{\otimes t})^{G_t}$ in some degrees. At the same time, some of their applications have been proposed. We also provide an algorithm in MAGMA for verifying the results. This study can be understood as a continuation of our recent works in [23, 25].
Resume filsafat dakwah syaikh yusuf al-makassary
Authors: A.S Nur Risma Wulandari
Published: December 2021

Kekerasan atas nama agama di Indonesia, dapat dijumpaidalam berbagai kasus, misalnya penyerbuan oleh massa antiAhmadiyah, gerakan Front Pembela Islam (FPI), pemboikotanaliran-aliran sempalan, aksi-aksi untuk solidaritas Palestina, aksiaksi anti-Barat, Yahudi, dan Amerika atas dasar sikap dan kebijakannegara-negara tersebut, serta kasus kecurigaan antara kelompok-kelompok penganut agama. Simbol agama tampil dalam wajahdemonstrasi massa yang brutal dan tanpa sasaran yang logis,menyebabkan posisi dan kedudukan agama dihubung-hubungkandengan logika bahwa agama berada di balik tindakan-tindakantersebut, dan karenanya agama menjadi sistem yang lumpuh,bahkan mungkin hampir mati secara kultural (the end of culture).Ironisnya, negara tampak tidak berdaya dalam menekan konflik-konflik kekerasan. Bahkan tidak jarang pejabat yang berwenangmengeluarkan pernyataan yang seakan-akan menjustifikasisebagian aksi-aksi kekerasan tersebut. Dalam konteks ini, fungsiagama bukan merupakan elemen yang pasif dalam prosesperubahan sosial. Seharusnya agama mampu memainkan perananyang penting bagi konsolidasi sebuah struktur baru. Dalam sejarahpolitik, telah ditunjukkan kekuatan agama yang dapat menjadielemen pemicu yang efektif untuk menggerakkan perubahanpolitik, bahkan revolusi.
Resume Dakwah Syaikh Yusuf Al-Makassari
Authors: Sariani
Published: December 2021

pesan dakwah Syaikh Yusuf Al-Makassari mencerminkan nilai-nilai islam yang damai dan toleran terhadap kelompok agama lain sehingga jauh dari kesan anarkis dan ekstrim. Seminar ini bertujuan untuk mengekplorasi kekayaan metode da pesan dakwah Syaikh Yusuf Al-Makasari yang moderat, damai dan toleran terhadap pemeluk agama lainnya serta memberi kesempatan yang sama pada setiap ras dan suku bangsa.
Diktat Peradilan Agama di Indonesia
Authors: Rachmatulloh Mochammad Agus , Rizal Moch Choirul
Published: December 2021

Diktat ini kami maksudkan untuk menambah referensi bagi mahasiswa pada Fakultas Syariah Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Kediri yang mengambil mata kuliah “Peradilan Agama di Indonesia”. Penyusunan diktat ini kami selaraskan dengan rencana pembelajaran semester dalam mata kuliah yang dimaksud. Diktat ini kami susun berdasarkan pada berbagai referensi terkait eksistensi peradilan agama di Indonesia. Untuk mempermudah pembacaan, diktat ini tersusun atas 10 (sepuluh) bab: (1) Bab I: Asas-Asas Penyelenggaraan Kekuasaan Kehakiman di Indonesia; (2) Bab II: Pelaku Kekuasaan di Indonesia; (3) Bab III: Sejarah Peradilan Agama pada Masa Penjajahan di Indonesia; (4) Bab IV: Perkembangan Eksistensi Peradilan Agama di Indonesia; (5) Bab V: Kedudukan Peradilan Agama di Indonesia; (6) Bab VI: Susunan Badan Peradilan Agama di Indonesia; (7) Bab VII: Susunan Badan Peradilan Tinggi Agama di Indonesia; (8) Bab VIII: Kekuasaan Badan Peradilan Agama di Indonesia; (9) Bab IX: Pengawasan Internal terhadap Peradilan Agama di Indonesia; dan (10) Bab X: Pengawasan Eksternal terhadap Peradilan Agama di Indonesia.
The 20-minute city: an equity analysis of Liverpool City Region
Authors: Calafiore Alessia , Dunning Richard , Nurse Alex , Singleton Alex
Published: December 2021

The 20-minute city has become a popular urban planning policy to support low-transport neighbourhoods. Whilst meeting residents’ needs in local neighbourhoods is not a new concept, urban and transportation planners are increasingly being tasked with re-structuring transport and public services to facilitate people ‘living locally’. The existence of a 20-minute city is seen as a signifier of urban success and has taken on political acknowledgement through the pandemic, yet existing spatial inequalities contribute to the daunting headwinds in making active travel support an equitable city. In this paper, we provide a novel approach to identify where 20-minute neighbourhoods might exist within a large city region and assess how their existence aligns with socio-spatial inequalities.
Filsafat Dakwah Syaikh Yusuh Al-Makassary
Authors: Alvin
Published: December 2021

Didalam resume ini dijelaskan karya_karya Syaikh Yusuf Al_makassary dan tokoh-tokoh yang berpengaruh terhadap karya karya beliau.selain itu didalam resume ini juga membahas tentang basis etika relegius Syaikh Yusuf Al_makassary mulai dari Hakikat, makrifat Tarekat dan syari,at Di resume ini juga membahas tentang biografi Syaikh Yusuf Al_makassary mulai dari masa kelahiran Syaikh Yusuf Al_makassary , pendidikan sampai pada masa kepribadianya.
PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN DAN PELATIHAN TERHADAP KUALITAS PELAYANAN UMUM PADA SEKRETARIAT PELAYANAN PERIZINAN TERPADU KOTA BAUBAU
Authors: Ainun Wa Ode Nur
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis Pengaruh Pendidikan dan Pelatihan (Diklat) terhadap kualitas pelayanan umum pada Sekretariat Pelayanan Perizinan Terpadu Kota Baubau. Dalam penelitian ini variabel penelitian terdiri dari variabel bebas yaitu Pendidikan dan Pelatihan (X) dan variabel terikat Kualitas Pelayanan Umum (Y). Metode pengumpulan datanya dilakukan dengan tehnik kuesioner tertutup yang diajukan kepada unit analisis yaitu Pegawai Sekretariat Pelayanan Perizinan Terpadu Kota Baubau dan masyarakat yang pernah menerima pelayanan dari Sekretariat Pelayanan Perizinan Terpadu Kota Baubau. Sedangkan untuk tehnik wawancara diajukan kepada informan kunci.Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan dengan menggunakan regresi linier sederhana, maka didapatkan bentuk persamaan: Y = 1,466 + 0,229X, dimana diperoleh: a = 1,466 merupakan konstanta; b = 0,229 artinya tanda positif (+) menunjukan hubungan yang searah antara variabel diklat sebagai variabel independen (X) dan variabel pelayanan sebagai variabel dependen (Y). Adapun nilai koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,290, yang bermakna besarnya hubungan antara variabel diklat dengan pelayanan yang dihitung dengan koefisien korelasi 0,290, nilai ini menunjukkan adanga hubungan yang lemah antara diklat yang diikuti pegawai dan pelayanan yang diberikan. Sedangkan nilai koefisien determinasi adalah 0,084 (8,4%) Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu: Pendidikan dan pelatihan pegawai memberi kotribusi kepada variabel pelayanan sebesar 8,4%, dan sisanya sebesar 91,6% dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor lain yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini. Hasil pengujian hipotesis menunjukkan ditolaknya hipotesis alternatif (Ha) artinya diklat tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap pelayanan.
FAKTOR INDIVIDU DI DALAM ORGANISASI
Authors: Utomo Tegu Budi
Published: December 2021

Organisasi merupakan suatu perkumpulan orang yang memilki tujuan bersama untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya. Perilaku organisasi merupakan pembelajaran tentang suatu sifat/karakteristik individu yang tercipta di lingkungan suatu organisasi. Karena manusia berbeda-beda karakteristik, maka perilaku organisasi berguna untuk mengetahui sifat-sifat individu dalam berkinerja suatu organisasi. Pembelajaran perilaku organisasi akan mengetahui tentang cara-cara mengatasi masalah-masalah yang ada di lingkungan organisasi.Perilaku organisasi adalah terletak pada dua komponen yaitu individu-individu yang berperilaku, baik itu perilaku secara individu, perilaku kelompok, dan perilaku organisasi. Komponen yang kedua adalah organisasi formal sebagai wadah dari perilaku itu. Yaitu sebagai sarana bagi individu dalam bermasyarakat ditandai dengan keterlibatannya pada suatu organisasi dan menjalankan perannya dalam organisasi tersebut. Perilaku organisasi adalah suatu bidang studi yang mempelajari sifat-sifat organisasi, termasuk bagaimana organisasi di bentuk, tumbuh dan berkembang. Perilaku organisasi adalah suatu bidang studi yang mempelajari semua aspek yang berkaitan dengan tindakan manusia, baik aspek pengaruh anggota terhadap organisasi maupun pengaruh organisasi terhadap anggota. Perilaku Organisasi adalah bidang studi yang menyelidiki dampak perorangan, kelompok, dan struktur pada perilaku dalam organisasi dengan maksud menerapkan pengetahuan semacam itu untuk memperbaiki keefektifan organisasi.Manusia adalah salah satu dimensi penting dalam organisasi. Kinerja organisasi sangat tergantung pada kinerja individu yang ada di dalamnya. Oleh karena itu, pemahaman tentang perilaku organisasi menjadi sangat penting dalam rangka meningkatkan kinerjanya. Hasil interaksi tersebut akan membentuk perilaku-perilaku tertentu individu dalam organisasi.
Resume filsafat dakwah syaikh yusuf al- makassary
Authors: Sakir Syamsul
Published: December 2021

Syekh Yusuf merupakan seorang ulama, sufi dan khalifah tarekat serta pejuang kenamaanpada zamannya. Bukti kongkrit dari perjuangannya adalah kemenangan Raja Banten(Sultan Agung Tirtayasa) atas Belanda ketika dibantu oleh Syekh Yusuf al-Makassari.Syekh Yusuf dikenal pada empat negeri, yaitu Kesultanan Banten (Jawa Barat), TanahBugis (Sulawesi Selatan), Caylon (Sri Lagka) dan Cape Town (Afrika Selatan). Beliauadalah peletak dasar kehadiran komunitas Muslim di Caylon dan Afrika Selatan. Beliaudianggap sebagai bapak pada beberapa kumpulan masyarakat Islam di Afrika Selatanyang berjuang mewujudkan persatuan dan kesatuan untuk menentang penindasan danpaham adanya perbedaan kulit dan etnis. Syekh Yusuf memiliki pokok-pokok pemikiranserta pengaruh terhadap perkembangan Islam di bidang mistik. Di dalam upayamenjalankan pengajaran dan dakwah Islam melalui tasawuf, Syekh Yusuf selalumengaitkan tasawufnya dengan aqidah Islamiah. Akidah yang benar, adalah akidah yangberdasarkan kepada ittiba’ al-Rasûl. Artinya apa yang patut diyakini oleh hambaterhadap Allah adalah sebagaimana yang telah termaktub dalam Alquran dan al-Sunnah.Keimanan kepada Allah, malaikat-Nya, kitab suci-Nya, rasul-rasul-Nya, hari qiyamat danqada’ dan qadar-Nya, mestilah didasarkan kepada kedua rujukan dasar tersebut. SelainAlquran dan al-Sunnah, Syekh Yusuf memperincikan rukun tasawuf kepada sepuluhperkara, yaitu: Tahrid al-Tauhid, Faham al-Sima’i, Husn al-‘Ishra, Ithar al-Ithar, Tarkal-Ikhtiyar, Sur’at al-Wujd, al-Kahf ‘an al-Khawâtir, Kathrat al-Safar, Tark al-Iktisab,dan Tahrîm al-Iddihâr.
Optimal Dyadic Integration of Complementary Perceptual Judgments Under Condition of Prescribed Agreement
Authors: Voinov Pavel Valeryevich , Knoblich Günther
Published: December 2021

We investigated whether prescribing an agreement can result in optimal inter-individual integration of perceptual judgments in absence of verbal communication. Participants in pairs performed a localization task in a virtual 3D environment, where the goal was to make projections from an upper plane to the target on the bottom plane. Partners were provided with complementary viewpoints and could be optimal if each took over one orthogonal dimension. In the Revision condition partners saw each other’s individual judgments and could rely on them. In the Agreement condition they provided a joint response. In both conditions communication was not allowed. We found that participants could optimally distribute the dimensions, but only when agreement was mandated. Without the agreement requirement, participants failed to properly rely on their partner on the dimension where the latter were more accurate. We also found, that prescription of agreement exerts a general positive effect on individual performance.Our results demonstrate that even in absence of verbal communication, interacting in a shared environment can result in optimal integration of perceptual information under the condition that an agreement is reached.
Disruptiveness of COVID-19: Differences in Course Engagement, Self-appraisal, and Learning
Authors: Ober Teresa , Cheng Ying , Carter Matt , Liu Cheng
Published: December 2021

We investigated how the transition to remote instruction amidst the COVID-19 pandemic affected students’ engagement, self-appraisals, and learning in advanced placement (AP) Statistics courses. Participants included 681 (Mage=16.7 years, SDage=.90; %female=55.4) students enrolled in the course during 2017-2018 (N=266), 2018-2019 (N=200), and the pandemic-affected 2019-2020 (N=215) year. Students enrolled during the pandemic-affected year reported a greater improvement in affective engagement but a decrease in cognitive engagement in the spring semester relative to a previous year. Females enrolled in the pandemic-affected year experienced a greater negative change in affective and behavioral engagement. Students enrolled during the pandemic-affected year reported a greater decrease in their anticipated AP exam scores and received lower scores on a practice exam aligned with the AP exam compared to a prior year. Though resilient in some respects, students’ self-appraisal and learning appeared negatively affected by pandemic circumstances.
Association between DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA allele status and striatal dopamine D2/3 receptor availability in alcohol use disorder
Authors: Spitta Gianna , Fliedner Lena , Gleich Tobias , Zindler Tristan , Sebold Miriam , Buchert Ralph , Heinz Andreas , Gallinat Jürgen , Friedel Eva
Published: December 2021

The association between blunted dopaminergic neurotransmission and alcohol use disorder (AUD) is well-known. In particular, the impairment of postsynaptic dopamine 2 and 3 receptors (DRD2/3) in the ventral and dorsal striatum during the development and maintenance of alcohol addiction has been investigated in several positron emission tomography (PET) studies. However, it is unclear whether these changes are the result of adaptation or genetic predisposition. Here we investigated the association between DRD2/ankyrin repeat and kinase domain-containing 1 (ANKK1) TaqIA allele (rs1800497) status and striatal DRD2/3 availability measured by 18F-fallypride PET in 13 AUD patients and 17 sex-matched healthy controls. Age and smoking status were included as covariates. Contrary to our expectations, TaqIA allele status was not associated with striatal DRD2/3 availability in either group and there was no significant difference between groups, possibly due to the relatively small sample size (N=30). Nonetheless, this is the first in vivo study investigating the relationship between dopamine receptor availability and genetic factors in AUD. The pitfalls of assessing such relationships in a relatively small sample are discussed.
A Formal Framework for Knowledge Acquisition: Going Beyond Machine Learning
Authors: Hössjer Ola , Díaz-Pachón Daniel Andrés , Rao J. Sunil
Published: December 2021

Philosophers frequently define knowledge as justified, true belief. We built a mathematical framework that makes it possible to define learning (increasing number of true beliefs) and knowledge of an agent in precise ways, by phrasing belief in terms of epistemic probabilities, defined from Bayes’ rule. The degree of true belief is quantified by means of active information $I^+$: a comparison between the degree of belief of the agent and a completely ignorant person. Learning has occurred when either the agent’s strength of belief in a true proposition has increased in comparison with the ignorant person ($I^+ > 0$), or the strength of belief in a false proposition has decreased ($I^+ < 0$). Knowledge additionally requires that learning occurs for the right reason, and in this context we introduce a framework of parallel worlds that correspond to parameters of a statistical model. This makes it possible to interpret learning as a hypothesis test for such a model, whereas knowledge acquisition additionally requires estimation of a true world parameter. Our framework of learning and knowledge acquisition is a hybrid between frequentism and Bayesianism. It can be generalized to a sequential setting, where information and data are updated over time. The theory is illustrated using examples of coin tossing, historical and future events, replication of studies, and causal inference. It can also be used to pinpoint shortcomings of machine learning, where typically learning rather than knowledge acquisition is in focus.
The Cows May Safely Graze: Placing Expert-Lay Relationships at the Center of Overcoming the Expert-Lay Knowledge Divide
Authors: Richardson Jill Eileen
Published: December 2021

Many scholars agree that both expert and lay knowledge are needed to gain a fuller understanding of environmental problems, both to find answers to the problems and to improve relations between experts and lay people. When experts ignore lay knowledge, lay people can resist by accusing experts of arrogance or conspiracy. Rural people who live among large carnivores like wolves and grizzly bears sometimes distrust expert knowledge or even promulgate conspiracy theories.One’s knowledge is inextricably linked with one’s identity and social relationships. In this ethnographic study, I examine how a Montana-based non-profit, Blackfoot Challenge (BC), facilitates the exchange of knowledge between experts and lay people for carnivore management. Nurturing expert-lay relationships is one strategy that BC uses in concert with two others to bridge the expert-lay knowledge divide: facilitating learning experiences and relying on intermediaries. Knowledge exchanged within expert-relationships allows experts to better understand the needs of lay people and adapt their work to meet those needs while also disseminating expert knowledge to lay people in a way that earns their trust. The trust built within expert-lay relationships facilitates the exchange of knowledge, but the way experts and lay people exchange knowledge also builds trust.
Systematic map of human-raptor interaction and coexistence research
Authors: Canney Angeline , McGough Lauren , Bickford Nate , Wallen Kenneth
Published: December 2021

Global raptor conservation relies on humans to establish and improve interaction and coexistence with raptor species. Human-wildlife interaction research is well-established, but tends to focus on large-bodied, terrestrial mammals. The scope and characteristics of research that explores human-raptor interactions is relatively unknown. As an initial step toward quantifying and characterizing the state of applied, cross-disciplinary literature in human-raptor interactions, we use established systematic map protocols to catalog the literature and describe trends, identify gaps and biases, and critically reflect on the state of the literature. We focus on peer-reviewed literature germane to human-raptor interaction, conflict, tolerance, acceptance, and coexistence. Based on the 383 papers retrieved from the literature that fit our criteria, we identified trends, biases, and gaps. These include a majority of research taking place within North America and Europe; disproportionately few interdisciplinary and social research studies; interactions focused on indirect anthropogenic mortality (poisons and wind turbine collisions); and vague calls for human behavior changes, with few concrete steps suggested, when management objectives are discussed. Overall, we note a predominant focus on the study of ecological effects from human-raptor interactions rather than sociocultural causes and suggest (as others have in various conservation contexts) the imperative of human behavioral, cultural, and political inquiry to conserve raptor species.
Fridays for Future als Lern- und Erfahrungsraum: Befunde zu den Beteiligungsformaten, den Motiven und der Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung von Engagierten
Authors: Costa Jana , Wittmann Elena
Published: December 2021

In this article, engagement in the Fridays for Future (FFF) movement is examined from an educational point of view. Framing active engagement in the FFF movement theoretically as a learning opportunity, selected findings from an online survey (n=194) are presented. In a theoretical perspective, specific characteristics of the FFF movement are outlined with regard to learning and educational processes. Starting point of the empirical analyses are different possibilities of participation. On the one hand, an insight into the various participation formats is given. On the other hand, it is asked what motivates those involved to work for sustainable development and whether differences in motives and self-efficacy can be found depending on the form of participation. The results will be linked back to the theoretical frame of reference and discussed further.
Diagnostic Role of C- Reactive protein in Acute Appendicitis
Authors: Pun Ashis , Dhungana Amit , Bastola Ramjee
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Acute appendicitis is the common surgical disease however, accurate diagnosis and exclusion of acute appendicitis always remains challenge to the surgeons. Although diagnoses rely mostly on clinical examination but C- reactive protein (CRP) can be of valuable armamentarium. Hence, this study was conducted to find the diagnostic role of C-reactive protein in Acute Appendicitis

Methods: A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted among 100 respondents in the Department of Surgery, Bharatpur Hospital from September 2019 to August 2020. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (IRC) Bharatpur Hospital. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS version 16 using descriptive statistics.

Results: Total of 100 patients was included in study with mean age 31 years old.Out of which 60% were male and 40% were female. CRP value was raised (>6) in 87 (87%) cases and normal in 13(13%) cases. Among those with raised CRP, three patients had normal appendix histopathologically and 57 had uncomplicated appendicitis and 27 had complicated appendicitis histopathologically with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and diagnostic accuracy rate of 95.45 %, 75 %, 96.55 % and 93% respectively. When white blood count (WBC) and CRP level were combined with HPE findings, its sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy rate were 100%, 80% and 93.83 % respectively.

Conclusions: CRP improves the diagnostic accuracy of Acute appendicitis. The adjunct use of CRP and leucocyte count can effectively reduce the negative appendectomy rate.
External Ear Features: Role in Tracing Inheritance
Authors: Neupane Bhima , Sigdel Brihaspati , Bhattarai Chacchu , Iyer Kanaklata
Published: December 2021

Background: The external ear is unique in shape, size and orientation. It has symmetry and asymmetry among generations. Its morphological variation helps to trace genetic inheritance. The objective of this study was to identify this morphological variation among parents and siblings.

Methods: The study was conducted in Manipal colleges of medical sciences. Images were procured from 147 families. The morphological character of external ears including, shape of pinnae, concha, tragus, ear lobule and attachment of lobule to cheek were matched among Parents and offspring.

Results: This study included 882 pinnae in 147 families. Total 4410 morphological characteristics have been analyzed. Tragus was the most common matching character between parents and offspring Kappa measuring coefficient was statistically significant for shape of pinna, concha, ear lobule, ear lobule attachment to cheek.

Conclusions: The most of external ear morphology matches between parents and offspring which may be a helpful tool in tracing hereditary inheritance.
Physiochemical Analysis of Community Water Supply in Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Shah Dinesh
Published: December 2021

This study was carried out to assess groundwater quality of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, because Safe drinking water is a basic need of all humans and to protect the human health, community water suppl y must be reliable, adequate and readily accessible to all segments of the consumers. For this the groundwater samples from eight different regions of the valley were collected during months of Jun-Jul in the year 2018. Th ese collected groundwater samples were analyzed various physio-chemical parameters such as temperature, colour, turbidity, pH, electric conductivity (EC), total alkalinity, phenolphthalein alkalinity, total hardness, iron, chloride,Nitrate and total ammonia using the procedure outlined in the standard methods. Results showed that the water quality status was found to vary from place to place. High levels of turbidity, total alkalinity, total hardness, iron and total ammonia were found in the groundwater of many sites. The results were compared with WHO water quality guideline and National Drinking Water Quality Standard (NDWQS) of Nepal.
Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis of Nepal
Authors: Ghimire Sunita
Published: December 2021

Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis for Nepal has been carried out considering uniform density model. A detailed earthquake catalogue since 1255 A.D, within the rectangular area has been developed and historical earthquakes are plotted in the map of Nepal. Five hundred twenty eight numbers of areal sources are used within the study area to characterize the seismic sources. The completeness of the data has been checked by using Stepp's procedure. Seismicity in four regions of study area has been evaluated by defining 'a' and 'b' parameters of Gutenberg Richter recurrence relationship. Seismic hazard curve of Nepal for soft subsoil condition for 10% probability of exceedence in 50 years period i.e. for return period of 475 years has been plotted.
Performance analysis of hybrid cryptosystem - A technique for better security using blowfish and RSA
Authors: Timilsina Suresh , Gautam Sarmila
Published: December 2021

Security is the most concerned topic in this today’s world of Information and Communication Technology. Single layer security can be breached easily so hybrid cryptographic system has been introduced. Hybrid system can be made by combining two or more algorithms of similar or dissimilar types. Here, combing of Blowfish algorithm along with RSA algorithm is performed. After combination their performance analysis is done based on five parameters namely Throughput, Encryption time, Decryption time, Total Execution time and Plain text size to cipher text size ratio with different key size of Blowfish algorithm ranging from 32 bit-448 bit. Among these 5 different hybrid cryptosystem we found that the Blowfish RSA system with key size 448 bit has better performance than all other bit size.
Porous metal oxide-carbon composite with hollow structure for energy storage applications
Authors: Adhikari Surya Prasad
Published: December 2021

Nanocomposite structure of porous hollow TiO2 nanofibers (NFs) and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) sheets were directly fabricated by means of a novel electrospinning combined with calcination process. Owing to the high porosity, these nanostructured demonstrate enhanced energy storage properties when used in supercapacitors (SCs). Nanomaterials in particular offer unique properties or combinations of properties as electrodes and electrolytes in a range of energy devices. The energy storage behavior of electrochemical capacitors (ECs) made from TiO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposites was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectra. These tests showed that the supercapacitive performance of g-C3N4 was significantly enhanced after attaching porous TiO2 nanofibers.
Geological setting and lithostratigraphy of the Lesser Himalaya in the Mugling-Banspani area, central Nepal
Authors: Paudyal K. R. , Paudel L. P.
Published: December 2021

The Lesser Himalaya in central Nepal is a fold-and-thrust belt with a complex stratigraphy and structure. In the present study, detailed geological mapping was carried out in the Mugling-Banspani area based on stratigraphic units proposed by Stocklin and Bhattarai (1977) to reveal the geological setting and lithostratigraphy of the area. The study shows that the area is occupied by the low-grade metasedimentary rocks of the Lower Nawakot Group. However, there are several discrepancies in classification of the rocks of the Lower Nawakot Group and their classification does not correspond with the field realities. The Anpu Quartzite thought to be the oldest unit of the Nawakot Complex laterally joins to the Fagfog Quartzite. Similarly, the Banspani Quartzite and Labdi Phyllite laterally join to the Purebensi Qu artzite and Dandagao n Phyllite, respectively. Si milar ly, the Nourpul Formation is clearly divisible into three members with distinct lithological characteristics. Based on the above facts, a revise d stratigraphic classification has been proposed for the rocks of the Lower Nawakot Group in the Mugling­ Banspani area. The Lower Nawakot Group can be divided into the oldest Kunchha Formation followed up section by the Fagfog Quartzite (~Anpu Quartzite), Dandagaon Phyllite (~Labdi Phyllite), Nourpul Formation and Dhading Dolomite. The Nourpul Formation comprises three members namely the Purebensi Quartzite, the Amdanda Phyllite and the Labdi Khola Carbonate. The Jalbire Syncline, Mugling Anticline, Aklang Syncline and the Anpu Anticline are the major geological structures of the study area.
Lithostratigraphy of the Nawakot Complex (Lesser Himalayan Sequence) from Malekhu area (south-west) to Syabrubensi area (north-east) along the Trishuli River, central Nepal Himalaya
Authors: Rai Santa Man
Published: December 2021

All formations (Kuncha Formation, Fagfog Quartzite, Dandagoan Phyllite, Nourpul Formation, Dhading Dolomite of the Lower Nawakot Group and Benighat Slate, Malekhu Limestone and Robang Formation of the Upper Nawakot Group) of the Nawakot Complex are well exposed along the Malekhu-Thopal Khola and Galchi - Kaljeri section s, west of the Kathmandu Valley. The Phalangu Khola and Syabrubensi sections, north of the Kathmandu Valley do not show the exposures of all formations (exposures of the Kuncha Formation, Fagfog Quartzite, and Benighat Slate only). The stratigraphic sequences from the Kuncha Formation to Dhading Dolomite (Lower Nawakot Group) along the Malekhu-Thopal Khola section are overturned, showing the younging strata to the deeper sections shown by the sedimentary structures (ripple marks, mudcracks, etc.) and stromatolites. The se overturned sequences could be related to the development of the post Main Central Thrust (MCT)/Mahabharat Thrust (MT) deformational structure (Gorkha - Pokhara anticlinorium, Likhu Khola anticline). The stratigraphic sequences are normal in the formations of the Upper Nawakot Group along the Malekhu-Thopal Khola section. This normal sequence can be also observed along the Galchi - Kaljeri, Phalangu Khola and Syabrubensi sections. In the northern part of the study area along the Likhu Khola, Tadi Khola, Phalangu Khola and Syabrubensi sections, the rocks of the Benighat Slate just below the MCT are highly sheared, deformed, metamorphosed with the development of the garnet and staurolite (medium amphibolite facies metamorphism) due to the movement of the MCT. However, these minerals are not developed in the Robang Formation (immediate below the MT) along the Malekhu-Thopal Khola and Galchi - Kaljeri sections. This formation could be caused by shallow depth metamorphism (green-schist to lower amphibolite facies) along the movement of the MT.
Strong motion observation at Middle Marsyangdi Hydroelectric Project dam, Lamjung, western Nepal
Authors: Rajaure S. , Paudel T. R. , Bhattarai G. K.
Published: December 2021

Middle Marsyangdi Hydroelectric Project (MMHEP) of the Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA) has installed a network of four strong motion seismometers (accelerometers) at its darn site. The network has recorded two earthquakes of local magnitudes (ML) 4.0 and 4.3 on 13'h of April in 2009. These earthquakes occurred at less than 20 km hypocentral distance from the darn site. Analysis and interpretation of the ML4.3 earthquake only are presented in this paper because the other earthquakes are closely spaced and the spectral characteristics are similar.

The maximum acceleration (28 gal, 1 gal = 9.8cm/sec2 is recorded by the north-south component of accelerometer installed at the crest of rock-fill dam (Acc- I ) and the smallest acceleration is recorded by north-south component of Acc-4 installed on the hard rock. Spectral amplification of up to 18 is observed, at 3.33 Hz, on the N-S component of accelerometer (Acc-2), which is installed at the concrete dam-crest. Similarly, the maximum amplification of peak acceleration of about 8 is observed on N-S component of Ace- 1.

The variations observed in se is mic parameters, recorded at different parts of the dam, reflect the response of the different parts of the structure to the input seismic motion.
Validation of spatial autocorrelation (SPAC) method with L-shape array in Jyoso City, Japan
Authors: Shrestha Prithvi Lal
Published: December 2021

This study is aimed to validate the efficiency of an L-shape array for SPAC method using microtremor in estimating the shear wave velocity (V,) structure. The experiment for validation was conducted in the Toyota Community Baseball Ground, Jyoso City, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan in March 2009 with an equilateral triangle array with side length of 40 m and in June 2010 with an equilateral triangle array with side length of50 m, together with an L-shape array of the similar size. Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) was also performed simultaneously in June 20I 0. In the same lot PS-logging data are available from nearby LBRH IO station of the K.IK-NET (NTED, Japan) that shows soft sediment of about 20 m thick with V, of 110 m/s in the geological column of the site.

The comparison of the determined phase velocity and that calculated from PS logging data shows close matching of two sets of curves separately. One is between PS logging and the triangle array (40 m), and the other is between the triangle array (50 m) and the L-shape array (50 m). Former two are of the almost same place whereas other two arrays are deployed about 200 m away from the other set. Some discrepancy between two sets is shown. This seems due to lateral variation of underground velocity structure which is consistent with the result of MASW.

Based on the results of analysis one can say that a L-shape array can be applied to estimate shear wave velocity for shallow depth so it can be layout in urban areas to determine phase velocity information from microtremors. Therefore, it may be feasible to apply it in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal that is based upon the soft soil with high possibility of liquefaction or earthquake hazard.
Geoelectric resistivity sounding for deciphering hydrogeology and locating deep tubewell installation sites in Puroshava area of Bagerhat, Bangladesh
Authors: Woobaidullah A. S.M. , Uddin Mohammad Zohir
Published: December 2021

The study area includes Bagerhat Pouroshava and its surroundings under Bagerhat Sadar Upazila covering an area of 7.53 sq. km with a population of about 50,000. Bagerhat is a coastal district and the subsurface geology is complicated. As in other areas of the coastal belt the quality of ground water in the area is also variable. For ground water development in the study area the shallow aquifer is not suitable as the water is mostly saline to brackish except some isolated fresh water pockets of limited yielding capacity. The deep aquifer is also not very homogeneous in water quality. In the northwestern part it bears fresh water but water quality deteriorates south-southeast with higher depth of occurrence. A comprehensive study is carried out to demarcate the aquifers and to judge the water quality to find the suitable location of the deep tube wells in Bagerhat Pouroshava area.

Fifteen geoelectric soundings have been executed in the study area using Schlumberger configuration with maximum spreading of 1200 m. Based on the vertical electrical sounding interpretation results the subsurface sequence is divided into following geoelectric units: The top unit has resistivity less than 5.0 Ωm with a thickness of 1.5 to 20 m and represents the top clay­ silty/sandy clay layer. The second geoelectric unit represents a very fine to  medium  sand  with  thin  clay  lenses  and resistivity varying from 5.0 Ωm  to more than  100.0 Ωm  with a  thickness  of  16 to  135  m. The resistivity of the following unit ranges from l.40 Ωm to 4.8 Ωm and thickness varies from 100 m to more than 300 m. The deepest geoelectric unit shows resistivity from 8.0 Ωm to 18.0 Ωm and represents the deep aquifer. The depth to the aquifer varies from 235 m to 355 m. The most suitable site for groundwater development from the deep aquifer is in the vicinity of East Saira of Shatgambuj union.
Wedge stability analysis and rock squeezing prediction of headrace tunnel, Lower Balephi Hydroelectric Project, Sindhupalchok District, central Nepal
Authors: Gautam Biraj
Published: December 2021

The wedge stability and stress analyses are important in tunnel stability assessment. The identification of the wedge stability and stress condition for the headrace tunnel suggests the required tunnel support in Lower Balephi Hydroelectric Project in Sindhupalchock District, central Nepal. The planned tunnel of the project is 4.5 min diameter and 4.2 km in length. The main litholog ies of the area along the tunnel axis are phyllite and phyllitic quartzite of the Kunchha Formation, Nawakot Complex. Wedge stability analysis in the headrace tunnel showed that the structural wedge would form due to excavation and can be stabilized with the help of rock bolting and shotcreting. Rock squeezing is predicted to occur in high tunnel depth in phyllite and it may be stabilized with the installation of roc k support consisting steel rib.
Integration Of Anesthesia Into ECT: A Hospital- Based Study On MECT From Anesthesiologist Point Of View
Authors: Neupane S , Pahari T , Lamichhane N , Thapa DK
Published: December 2021

Introduction: MECT is a unique procedure where psychiatrist and anesthesiologist work together as a team. It is estimated that annually, approximately 1 million patients receive ECT worldwide. Due to association of physical complications like long bone and vertebrae fractures with direct ECT, anesthesia has been integrated into ECT. MECT is now the globally accepted standard mode of ECT. This study was done to see the Socio-demographic and clinical profile of patients receiving MECT.

Material And Method: This is a hospital-based study done in BG hospital and Research Centre, Pokhara, Nepal for the duration of 12 months; from Baisakh, 2074 to Chaitra, 2074. A total of 50 consecutives cases that received MECT were enrolled after written informed consent for the ECT from the patients’ caretaker. The patient’s details, diagnosis and the numbers of cycles of MECT thus applied till clinical improvement were noted during the study period. MECT was administered on alternate days. The assessment of clinical improvement was done by the consultant psychiatrist. Following the protocol, each cycle of MECT was applied by consultant psychiatrist in the presence of the consultant anesthesiologist.

Results: The total number of cases enrolled were 50. Out of 50 cases, 41 (82%) were male and mean age was 30.60 ± 10.13 years. The most common indications for MECT were BPAD (74%). The number of cycles of modified MECT applied on the individuals ranged from 6 to 18 cycles. Majority of the cases (78%) seem to have a clinical improvement after 6 cycles of modified ECT. There was no complication that warranted the termination of MECT.

Conclusion: MECT when used judiciously is safe and leads to better clinical improvement.
Indefinite pronouns in Assamese
Authors: Bhattacharyya Pushpa Renu
Published: December 2021

The study describes the indefinite pronouns in Assamese with its complexity and unique features and put emphasis on the morphological, semantic and syntactic properties. The term pronoun is used in the sense of the nominal expression and the substitution in the nominal slot only.
Pronominalisation in South Asian Languages: of People and their Actions
Authors: Bhattacharya Tanmoy
Published: December 2021

By looking at agreement in Indo-Aryan (IA), and Munda languages, it is suggested that the apparent similarity of a certain phenomenon across unrelated languages is not a sufficient condition for contact induced change. In particular, I will investigate the phenomenon of “multiple agreement” in detail in Munda languages to show that it is not the same as agreement in contiguous IA languages.
Змістові індикатори особистісної спрямованості у персональних наративах підлітків із депривацією вербального розвитку
Authors: Lozova Olga , Lytvynenko Olena
Published: December 2021

Вступ. У статті представлено результати дослідження персональних наративів підлітків, які мають порушення слуху і зору, а також їх однолітків без відповідних порушень.

Мета даної роботи полягала в аналізі змістових індикаторів персональних наративів підлітків із депривацією вербального розвитку. В ході теоретичного пошукування було систематизовано підходи до розуміння онтогенезу та дизонтогенезу становлення особистості; проаналізовано результати попередніх досліджень мовної свідомості та мовленнєвої поведінки підлітків, становлення яких відбувається в умовах вербальної депривації; узагальнено теоретичні напрацювання, щодо ролі текстуальної взаємодії в процесі формування особистісної спрямованості.

Методи. В якості методів емпіричного дослідження використано наративний аналіз персональних текстів респондентів із застосуванням процедур обґрунтованої теорії. Статистична обробка отриманих даних здійснювалась за допомогою U-критерію Мана-Уїтні.

Результати. В результаті емпіричного дослідження було визначено низку особливостей, характерних для кожної з трьох груп респондентів (ті, які мають порушення слуху, ті, які мають порушення зору та ті, які не мають порушень у роботі аналізаторів). Порівняльний аналіз отриманих даних дозволив констатувати однорідність персональних наративів підлітків з порушеннями зору та без жодних порушень і принципову відмінність текстів, створених досліджуваними, які мають порушення слуху, а відповідно живуть в умовах вербальної депривації.

Висновки. На основі даних, отриманих в результаті емпіричного дослідження було проаналізовано значення вербальної депривації в процесі особистісного становлення підлітків. Доведено, що підліткам, чиє особистісне становлення відбувається в умовах депривації вербального розвитку притаманні специфічні форми особистісної спрямованості. Особистісна спрямованість визначає специфіку сприймання навколишнього світу, самоусвідомлення та накопичення власного життєвого досвіду, що і знаходить відображення у персональних наративах. Специфічність відображеної у наративах спрямованості підлітків, які мають порушення слуху та її відмінність від спрямованості осіб, які мають порушення зору, свідчить про те, що саме вербальна депривація (а не функціональний дизонтогенез загалом) визначає особливості формування особистісної спрямованості. Перспективи подальших досліджень цієї тематики вбачаємо у детальному вивченні лінгвістичних, стилістичних та семантичних аспектів мовленнєвої поведінки осіб, розвиток яких перебігає в умовах вербальної депривації.