bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonhuman Futures
Authors: Parker-Starbuck Jennifer
Published: March 2024

Abstract: As a contribution to Theatre Journal ’s 75th anniversary issue, this article poses questions and reflections about the inclusion of the more-than-human in theatre and performance studies. Surveying shifts in the field across the past few decades, the essay engages with the complex valences of the terms “human,” “nonhuman,” and “animal” to argue for greater intersectional, interdisciplinary, and intercultural thinking through performance. The essay argues that as climate and environmental concerns have become a matter of global urgency, nonhuman futures might be a way forward by weighing different and “multi-optic”— to use Claire Jean Kim’s term—approaches to both human and nonhuman problems. Examining how the emergence of the more-than-human in theatre studies continues to intersect with feminist, critical race, eco-, and cultural scholarship, the essay also draws upon the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and how the concept of “infection” might also problematize binaristic thinking about these complex terms. The essay leaves readers with images of Deke Weaver and company’s performance work, The Unreliable Bestiary , in which many nonhuman futures coalesce.
Stevens, Germany, and the Churches
Authors: McGowan Philip
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT: Wallace Stevens's "Credences of Summer" (1947), in particular section IV's articulation of "the limits of reality," may be read as significantly German-influenced by connecting two distinct lines of inquiry: the poet's personal connection to Henry and Barbara Church, and his increased interest, from 1944, in genealogical researches on Pennsylvania. By 1947, Stevens's engagement with Germany had evolved from his early, romanticized identifications with a native peasantry to engage with post-WWII Germany as a concept of pure imagination.
"Infinite Humble Things": Stevens and German Art of the Fin de Siècle
Authors: Dowthwaite James
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT: In 1909, Wallace Stevens wrote letters expressing his enthusiasm for a German art exhibition primarily in the realist and impressionist traditions, though there was some symbolist representation. Although Stevens seems not to have mentioned the artworks nor the artists again, this early attraction was reflective of enduring aspects of his poetry, particularly the impressionist aspects of his style.
Quantum circuit mapping for universal and scalable computing in MZI-based integrated photonics
Authors: Kwon Yong , Baldazzi Alessio , Pavesi Lorenzo , Choi Byung-Soo
Published: March 2024

Linear optical quantum computing (LOQC) offers a quantum computation paradigm based on well-established and robust technology and flexible environmental conditions following DiVincenzo’s criteria. Within this framework, integrated photonics can be utilized to achieve gate-based quantum computing, defining qubits by path-encoding, quantum gates through the use of Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs), and measurements through single-photon detectors. In particular, universal two-qubit gates can be achieved by suitable structures of MZIs together with post-selection or heralding. The most resource-efficient choice is given by the post-selected Controlled-Z (CZ) gate. However, this implementation is characterized by a design which has a non-regular structure and cannot be cascaded. This limits the implementation of large-scale LOQC. Starting from these issues, we suggest an approach to move toward a universal and scalable LOQC on the integrated photonic platform. First of all, choosing the post-selected CZ as a universal two-qubit gate, we extend the path-encoded dual-rail qubit to a triplet of waveguides, composed of an auxiliary waveguide and the pair of waveguides corresponding to the qubit basis states. Additionally, we introduce a swap photonic network that maps the regularly-labeled structure of the new path-encoded qubits to the structure needed for the post-selected CZ. We also discuss the optical swap gate that allows the connection of non-nearest neighbor path-encoded qubits. In this way, we can deterministically exchange the locations of the qubits and execute controlled quantum gates between any path-encoded qubits. Next, by truncating the auxiliary waveguides after any post-selected CZ, we find that it is possible to cascade this optical gate when it acts on different pairs that share only one qubit. Finally, we show the Bell state and the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state generation circuits implementing the regular structure, the cascading procedure of post-selected CZ and the optical swap.
Efficient second harmonic generation in a high-Q Fabry-Perot microresonator on x-cut thin film lithium niobate
Authors: Cheng Jian , Gao Dingshan , Dong Jianji , Zhang Xinliang
Published: March 2024

Microresonators facilitate enhanced light-matter interactions within a limited space, showing great promise for nonlinear optics. Here, we demonstrate a high-quality (Q) factor Fabry-Perot microresonator (FPR) for second harmonic generation (SHG) on an x-cut thin film lithium niobate (TFLN) platform. The FPR exhibits Q factors of Q
pump
 = 1.09 × 105 and Q
SH
 = 1.15 × 104 at the 1560 nm pump wavelength and 780 nm second harmonic wavelength, respectively. Under low pump power, a normalized SHG efficiency of 158.5 ± 18.5%/W is attained. We experimentally verify that increased temperatures mitigate photorefractive effects that degrade SHG performance. This work highlights the immense capabilities of one-dimensional planar optical waveguide resonators for efficient on-chip nonlinear wavelength conversion.
Silicon photonic spectrometer with multiple customized wavelength bands
Authors: Zhang Long , Yi Xiaolin , Liu Dajian , Hong Shihan , Wang Gaopeng , Cao Hengzhen , Shi Yaocheng , Dai Daoxin
Published: March 2024

A silicon photonic spectrometer with multiple customized wavelength bands is developed by introducing multiple channels of wideband optical filters based on multimode waveguide gratings (MWGs) for pre-filtering and the corresponding thermally tunable narrowband filter for high resolution. For these multiple customized wavelength bands, the central wavelengths, bandwidths, and resolutions are designed flexibly as desired, so that the system is simplified and the footprint is minimized for several practical applications (e.g., gas sensing). A customized silicon photonic spectrometer is designed and demonstrated experimentally with four wavelength bands centered around 1310 nm, 1560 nm, 1570 nm, and 1930 nm, which is, to the best of our knowledge, the first on-chip spectrometer available for sensing multiple gas components like HF, CO, H2S, and CO2. The spectral resolutions of the four wavelength bands are 0.11 nm, 0.08 nm, 0.08 nm, and 0.37 nm, respectively. Such a customized silicon photonic spectrometer shows great potential for various applications, including gas monitors, wearable biosensors, and portable spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.
A multilevel analysis of the predictors of health facility delivery in Ghana: Evidence from the 2014 Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Aheto Justice Moses K. , Gates Tracy , Tetteh Isaac , Babah Rahmatu
Published: March 2024

Health facility delivery has the potential to improve birth and general health outcomes for both newborns and mothers. Regrettably, not all mothers, especially in low-and-middle income countries like Ghana deliver at health facilities, and mostly under unhygienic conditions. Using data from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey, we fitted both weighted single-level and random intercept multilevel binary logistic regression models to analyse predictors of a health facility delivery among mothers aged 15–49 years and to quantify unobserved household and community differences in the likelihood of health facility delivery. We analysed data on 4202 mothers residing in 3936 households and 427 communities. Of the 4202 mothers who delivered, 3031 (75.3%—weighted and 72.1%—unweighted) delivered at the health facility. Substantial unobserved household only (Median Odds Ratio (MOR) = 5.1) and household conditional on community (MOR = 4.7) level differences in the likelihood of health facility delivery were found. Mothers aged 25–34 (aOR = 1.4, 95%CI: 1.0–2.1) and 35–44 (aOR = 2.9, 95%CI: 1.7–4.8), mothers with at least a secondary education (aOR = 2.7, 95%CI: 1.7–4.1), with health insurance coverage (aOR = 1.6, 95%CI: 1.2–2.2) and from richer/richest households (aOR = 8.3, 95%CI: 3.6–19.1) and with piped water (aOR = 1.5, 95%CI: 1.1–2.1) had increased odds of health facility delivery. Mothers residing in rural areas (aOR = 0.3, 95%CI: 0.2–0.5) and with no religion (aOR = 0.5, 95%CI: 0.3–1.0) and traditional religion (aOR = 0.2, 95%CI: 0.1–0.6), who reported not wanting to go to health facilities alone as a big problem (aOR = 0.5, 95%CI: 0.3–0.8) and having a parity of 2 (aOR = 0.4, 95%CI: 0.3–0.7), 3 (aOR = 0.3, 95%CI: 0.2–0.6) and ≥4 (aOR = 0.3, 95%CI: 0.1–0.5) had reduced odds of health facility delivery. Our predictive model showed outstanding predictive power of 96%. The study highlights the need for improved healthcare seeking behaviours, maternal education and household wealth, and bridge the urban-rural gaps to improve maternal and newborn health outcomes.
Whole-of-school physical activity implementation in the context of the Dubai Fitness Challenge
Authors: McMahon Chris , Webster Collin A. , Weaver R. Glenn , El Haber Christophe , Tekkurşun Demir Gönül , Ismail Zainab Mohamed , Naqvi Syeda Zoha Fatima , Ghani Mehnaz , Kepenek Şevval , Kherraf Manel , Krishnakumar Thrisha , Prakash Pranati , Seo Yeowon
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Physical activity (PA) promotion among school-aged youth is a global health priority. Recommendations for such promotion include implementing whole-of-school approaches that maximize resources across the school environment. This study examined schools’ participation in an annual, government-led, and emirate-wide initiative in Dubai, called the Dubai Fitness Challenge, in which the goal is to accrue 30 minutes of PA every day for 30 days (as such, the initiative is colloquially referred to as “Dubai 30x30”).

Methods

A mixed-methods design was employed for this study. Three schools were recruited using convenience sampling. Participants were 18 physical education teachers, 20 classroom teachers, 2 principals and 45 students. Data sources included surveys, focus groups, and interviews. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, multinomial logistic regression, and open and axial coding to develop themes.

Results

School staff reported that most Dubai 30x30 activities were provided in physical education, at break times during school, and before and after school. Students reported that they mainly participated in Dubai 30x30 activities during physical education and occasionally participated in activities after school and on weekends. During school, students were more likely to reach higher PA intensity levels when they were in contexts other than the regular classroom setting. Among school staff, physical education teachers were most involved and classroom teachers were least involved in promoting Dubai 30x30. Parent engagement was high. Staff perceived that Dubai 30x30 brought the community together, but physical education teachers also indicated there was a lack of implementation guidance and they felt burdened. Participants believed Dubai 30x30 increased PA participation and helped to promote their schools.

Discussion

This study provides an initial glimpse into schools’ participation in Dubai 30x30 and suggests that a whole-of-school PA lens is useful in gleaning information that could help to increase and optimize PA opportunities for students.
Shifting the Focus: A Photovoice exploration of the benefits and barriers of having a pet while experiencing homelessness
Authors: Garland-Lewis Gemina , Scott Emily , Ramirez Vickie , Rabinowitz Peter
Published: March 2024

While experiencing homelessness with a pet can present unique challenges, it can also provide physical health, mental health, and social benefits. A Photovoice project with adolescents and adults experiencing homelessness with a pet was conducted in Seattle, Washington, USA in 2018–2019 to explore the experience of homelessness with a pet, the impact of the human-animal bond on the health of each, and to drive policy changes to help support people experiencing homelessness (PEH) with pets. Twenty-five people spanning a range of age groups, genders, and living situations were recruited primarily through homeless-services providers, 19 of whom completed the study and created over 900 images. One-on-one semi-structured interviews were conducted with each participant to review printed photos. A key theme emerging from the interviews and photos was the importance and strength of the human-animal bond, providing mental and physical health benefits, and motivation for daily activities or making/maintaining positive changes. Challenges related to homelessness with a pet included barriers to access services, housing, and employment. Participants provided policy recommendations to improve support for PEH with pets. Multiple public exhibitions of images from all participants were held, reaching service providers, policy makers, and the general public. Visitor feedback included statements of positive change in attitudes towards PEH with pets among housed individuals. Collectively, the images, stories and themes deepen our understanding of homelessness with pets, leading to increased empathy and potential for policies that benefit the health of PEH and their pets.
Application of artificial neural networks to evaluate femur development in the human fetus
Authors: Badura Anna , Baumgart Mariusz , Grzonkowska Magdalena , Badura Mateusz , Janiewicz Piotr , Szpinda Michał , Buciński Adam
Published: March 2024

The present article concentrates on an innovative analysis that was performed to assess the development of the femur in human fetuses using artificial intelligence. As a prerequisite, linear dimensions, cross-sectional surface areas and volumes of the femoral shaft primary ossification center in 47 human fetuses aged 17–30 weeks, originating from spontaneous miscarriages and preterm deliveries, were evaluated with the use of advanced imaging techniques such as computed tomography and digital image analysis. In order to ensure the data representativeness and to avoid introducing any hidden structures that may exist in the data, the entire dataset was randomized and separated into three subsets: training (50% of cases), testing (25% of cases), and validation (25% of cases). Based on the collected numerical data, an artificial neural network was devised, trained, and subject to testing in order to synchronously estimate five parameters of the femoral shaft primary ossification center, thus leveraging fundamental information such as gestational age and femur length. The findings reveal the formulated multi-layer perceptron model denoted as MLP 2-3-2-5 to exhibit robust predictive efficacy, as evidenced by the linear correlation coefficient between actual values and network outputs: R = 0.955 for the training dataset, R = 0.942 for validation, and R = 0.953 for the testing dataset. The authors have cogently demonstrated that the use of an artificial neural network to assess the growing femur in the human fetus may be a valuable tool in prenatal tests, enabling medical doctors to quickly and precisely assess the development of the fetal femur and detect potential anatomical abnormalities.
Evaluation of the HEAL™ing Mental Health program: A prospective cohort study of short-term changes from a physical activity and lifestyle education program for people with mental health disorders living in rural Australia
Authors: Raynor Annette J. , Nimphius Sophia , Kadlec Daniel , Casson Sally , Fox-Harding Caitlin , Fortington Lauren V.
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to evaluate short-term outcomes of the HEAL™ing Mental Health program, an 8-week intervention for change in functional, behavioural and physiological health and wellbeing designed for people living with mental health conditions in rural or regional areas of Australia. A prospective cohort study was completed, reporting on 19 items (pre-program) and 15 (post-participation change), organised across seven domains. Participants took part in an Accredited Exercise Physiologist/Nurse led supervised group exercise (60 minutes) and healthy lifestyle education program (60 minutes). Separate linear mixed models with restricted maximum likelihood were used to examine the primary research question considering the effect of the program on: walking (min/week); planned, incidental and total physical activity (min/week); sitting time; active days; fruit and vegetable intake; body mass index; waist circumference; blood pressure; 6 minute walk distance; 30 second sit-to-stand; psychological distress symptoms; and stage of behaviour change. There were 99 participants (31 males, 68 females) out of 117 participants completed more than 50% of program sessions. Twelve of 15 measures achieved their desired target change and a statistically significant change toward the desired outcome was reported for 14 of 15 measures. Positive results were obtained for participants completing more than 50% of sessions, suggesting that HEAL™ ing Mental Health program is effective to increase physical activity and healthy lifestyle choices in individuals who self-report a mental health disorder.
«E forse un giorno gioverà ricordare tutto questo». Eleonora Pimentel Fonseca: un personaggio da rivalutare
Authors: Agovino Teresa
Published: March 2024

Eleonora Pimentel Fonseca è stata una patriota, una giornalista, una martire giacobina e una poetessa. Ella è anche una donna dalla vita difficile, che soffre la perdita del figlio e ha il coraggio di divorziare da un marito ignorante e violento; il tutto accade nella Napoli di fine Settecento, in un periodo di particolari stravolgimenti politici e sociali. Questo contributo analizza la figura di Eleonora Pimentel Fonseca in una prospettiva che mira alla proposta del suo inserimento in un canone al femminile della letteratura italiana.
Livia de Stefani: una revisión bibliográfica
Authors: Horvath Corral Alena
Published: March 2024

La presente contribución pretende elaborar una revisión bibliográfica de la escritora, poeta y novelista siciliana Livia De Stefani. El fin de este estudio es recopilar toda la información bibliográfica posible sobre la autora, incluyendo sus propias obras y otras en las que ha sido objeto de estudio. La metodología persigue la recopilación de todo el material bibliográfico derivado de estudios científicos previos y su ordenación cronológica para la elaboración de un primer estado de la cuestión para futuras investigaciones.
La disperazione di giuda: suggestioni epico-cavalleresche in un poemetto di Giulio Liliano falsamente attribuito a Torquato Tasso
Authors: Tambasco Itala
Published: March 2024

Nel 1621, il libraio veneziano Giacomo Scaglia ebbe fra le mani una copia anonima del manoscritto di Giulio Liliani Impertinenza di Giuda in ottava rima, poemetto di novanta stanze, stampato nel 1601; egli lo attribuì erroneamente a Torquato Tasso e come tale lo fece pubblicare da Francesco Baba nel 1627. L’importanza di un poemetto che deve la sua ampia diffusione alla falsa paternità tassiana è per noi legata all’eccezionalità di un’opera interamente incentrata sulla figura di Giuda. La risemantizzazione del personaggio neotestamentario, inviso all’intransigenza dogmatica della Controriforma al punto da essere accostato a Lutero (Aretino, Sarpi), è compiuta da Liliani mediante il ricorso al registro epico. L’episodio di Giuda che si introduce in una selva asettica e priva di connotati geografici, tormentato dalle furie e dal rimorso, è chiaramente costruito in suggestiva antitesi alla follia del paladino Orlando per il quale è prevista una riabilitazione che a Giuda però sarà negata.
Challenges in the management of pediatric ruptured brain arteriovenous malformation: a case report
Authors: Celia Celia , Susilawati Susilawati , Cahyo Johanes Ari , Shen Robert , Fenia Irene
Published: March 2024

Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) are intracranial vascular lesions characterized by abnormal connections between the arterial and venous systems without an interposed capillary bed. Pediatric bAVMs constitute merely 12–18% of all diagnosed bAVMs, but an initial finding of bAVM rupture occurs more frequently in the pediatric population than in adults, accounting for 58–77% of all pediatric bAVM admissions.1,2 Although spontaneous pediatric intracerebral hemorrhage has an annual incidence of 1.4 per 100,000 people per year, it carries a risk of severe permanent neurological deficits, occurring in 20–40% of patients and significant mortality in up to 25% of affected individuals.3,4,5 Ruptured bAVMs are the cause of 30-50% of intracranial hemorrhages in the pediatric population and the most common cause of hemorrhagic stroke in children.1 Current therapeutic approaches for ruptured bAVMs in children include open microsurgery, endovascular embolization, as well as stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), be it isolated or as a multimodal treatment strategy. Herein, we present the case of a 6-year-old boy with a ruptured bAVM successively managed with hemicraniectomy decompression and intracranial bleeding evacuation, followed by stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) using gamma knife for the small AVM which was inaccessible during open surgery.
Students’ experiences of navigating online teaching practice modules
Authors: Kotze Christy Jean , Meeran Safura
Published: March 2024

Globally, more and more institutions are moving to offer open distance e-learning (ODeL) opportunities for distance education students. With this move to an online mode of teaching and learning, the focus has also shifted from a teacher-centered distance education pedagogy to a student-centered ODeL pedagogy with a strong emphasis on student success through improved student support to promote Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG4) – Quality Education of the United Nations. While literature reveals a need for improved student support in an ODeL context, it is limited concerning the support needs of student teachers in specifically their ODeL teaching practice modules. With the aim of improving the support offered to ODeL students in a South African context, the authors of this chapter therefore set out to investigate student teacher experiences with teaching practice modules in an ODeL environment. This qualitative case study investigated the experiences of 30 student teachers studying teacher education at an ODeL institution. The module evaluation forms of students from two teaching practice modules were used to collect data. The findings revealed that the students participating in the study struggled with online placement for their teaching practice, had varied experiences with online communication in the modules and had overall positive experiences with ODeL learning. We recommend an upgrade of online tools to facilitate student use and the establishment of a diverse communication system to meet the needs of all students. We believe that fully online teaching practice systems will open up future research activities.
Diltiazem Intravenous Bolus Doses in Atrial Fibrillation with Rapid Ventricular Response
Authors: Ughamadu Prudence , White Noah
Published: March 2024

Purpose

The 2014 AHA/ACS/HRS guideline for acute rate control management of atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response (AF with RVR) recommends IV administration of a beta-blocker or a non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker to decrease heart rate (HR).
1 The primary objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of
>0.25mg/kg (low dose) or <0.25mg/kg (high dose) bolus doses of diltiazem in patients who present to the emergency department (ED) with AF with RVR.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of patients presenting to the ED with AF with RVR. The primary endpoint was efficacy defined as HR <100 beats per minute or conversion to sinus rhythm within 1 hour of diltiazem bolus treatment without requiring additional doses of diltiazem or other rate control agents. The main secondary endpoints were treatment failure, time to achieve HR <100 bpm, mean HR at 30 minutes and 1 hour post diltiazem administration and incidence of adverse events.

Results

Achievement of efficacy was observed in 12.8% compared to 20% of patients who received diltiazem IV bolus dose of <0.25mg/kg and ≥0.25mg/kg respectively (p < 0.12). Incidence of hypotension was
8.5% vs 10.4% in the <0.25mg/kg and
>0.25mg/kg groups respectively (p < 0.17). Bradycardia occurred in 3.5% vs 3.3% in the <0.25mg/kg and
>0.25mg/kg groups respectively (p < 0.29).

Conclusion

There were no statistically significant differences in the achievement of efficacy and incidence of adverse events in patients who received low dose or high dose IV diltiazem.
The compromise of Online Assessment Integrity Among Technical Vocational Education and Training College Students: An Instructor’s Perspective
Authors: du Plessis Elize
Published: March 2024

Conferring qualifications on individuals who have cheated in their assessments compromises the quality of education. Since academic cheating is prevalent in various colleges and universities, the aim of this study was to propose mitigation strategies to optimise summative assessments in TVET colleges and circumvent academic cheating.
A qualitative approach was adopted and data was collected by means of face-to-face semi-structured interviews with 10 lecturers who invigilate examinations and mark examination scripts. The findings show that numerous students cheat in the examination and undermine the education system as qualifications can be conferred on non-deserving individuals. New technologies such as Artificial Intelligence, and variety of social media platforms are said to motivate cheating behaviour. This study proposes the use of technology to combat such an unbecoming behaviour.
Россияне в период «коронакризиса:» как изменилась жизнь за пределами мегаполисов?
Authors: Логинов Дмитрий Михайлович
Published: March 2024

На основе данных репрезентативного социологического опроса, реализованного ИНСАП РАНХиГС в 2021 г., в статье рассмотрены изменения жизненных практик российского населения, проживающего за пределами мегаполисов, произошедшие в течение года «коронакризиса». Эксклюзивность изменений внешнего контекста в исследуемый период актуализирует специальный анализ, ориентированный на выявление масштабов, направлений и продуктивности изменений поведенческих практик массовых групп россиян. В фокусе исследования находятся острота восприятия кризисных ограничений в контексте различных аспектов жизнедеятельности, расширение включенности в онлайн-коммуникации для решения рабочих и личных задач, а также динамика благосостояния и уровня жизни.
Показано, что большинство россиян столкнулись с изменениями привычных жизненных практик, а для более чем четверти населения эти изменения оказались крайне существенными. Наиболее остро восприняты трудности, связанные с ограничениями доступности регулярно потребляемых услуг, а также проблемы, вызванные вынужденным переходом к дистанционным формам работы и образования. Значительные группы россиян оказались перед необходимостью существенно скорректировать привычные способы проведения свободного времени. Выявлено, что по прошествии «года пандемии» около четверти россиян стали проводить в интернете больше времени, чем ранее. Снижение интенсивности личного общения в рассматриваемый период потребовало социальной компенсации, одной из важнейших форм которой стало использование коммуникативных онлайн-сервисов. Важной формой ситуативной адаптации являлось существенное расширение дистанционной занятости, которая, однако, с точки зрения эффективности и комфорта работы характеризуется скорее негативно. Снижение потребительских возможностей в период пандемии, массово затронувшее российские домохозяйства, выступает важным фактором изменения образа жизни и воспроизводства практик потребительской экономии. В целом исследование иллюстрирует достаточно высокий адаптационный потенциал российского населения, однако динамика социального самочувствия в условиях «коронакризиса» явно негативна.
Благодарность. Статья подготовлена в рамках выполнения научно-исследовательской работы государственного задания РАНХиГС.
Разработка и оценка качества опросника учебно-организационной самостоятельности школьников на выборке родителей в России
Authors: Михайлова Оксана Рудольфовна , Гавриленко Полина Алексеевна , Струкова Александра Сергеевна , Поливанова Катерина Николаевна
Published: March 2024

В статье представлены результаты онлайн-опроса 1966 родителей школьников из нескольких регионов РФ, проведенного в ноябре — декабре 2022 г. с целью разработки опросника учебно-организационной самостоятельности и оценки его качества. Полученный опросник включает 20 вопросов и обладает высокой внутренней согласованностью и конструктной валидностью. Результаты исследования показали, что он может быть использован для оценки уровня учебно-организационной самостоятельности учеников до 6 класса включительно. Наиболее однородными по уровню развития учебно-организационной самостоятельности являются группы 1–2 и 3–6 классов. Девочки в этих группах обладают более высоким уровнем учебно-организационной самостоятельности, чем мальчики. Опросник может быть использован педагогами и родителями для создания портрета класса или школы по уровню развития учебно-организационной самостоятельности, а также для мониторинга индивидуального развития в сфере учебно-организационной самостоятельности среди детей 1–2 и 3–6 классов.
Благодарность. Исследование выполнено в рамках проекта РНФ, грант № 22–18–00416. Авторы благодарят студентов магистерской программы «Управление образованием» Института образования НИУ ВШЭ за помощь со сбором данных.
Опыт использования метода неоконченных предложений в изучении образов «героя» и «антигероя» нашего времени
Authors: Желизнык Мария Николаевна
Published: March 2024

Статья описывает результаты эксперимента по использованию метода неоконченных предложений в изучении проблематики героизма среди старшеклассников. На основе большого эмпирического материала (анкет более 10 тыс. школьников Ленинградской области) автор анализирует коммуникативную и когнитивную адекватность использованных неоконченных предложений, рассматривает специфику административного контекста выборки и его влияние на данные, уделяя особое внимание качеству полученных данных. Автор приводит структуру понятий «герой нашего времени» и «антигерой нашего времени» в представлениях школьников, пирамиду обобщений, а также предлагает типологию героев и антигероев, сформированную на основе смысловых магистральных характеристик, выделенных в процессе анализа эмпирических данных. В основе предлагаемых типов преимущественно лежит социальная функция героя и антигероя нашего времени. По итогам проведенного анализа автор работы заключает, что неоконченное предложение о герое нашего времени является рабочим инструментом для определения структуры понятия, который позволяет получать содержательный материал с допустимым количеством иррелевантных ответов.
Благодарность. Автор выражает благодарность М. Павлову за критический взгляд и важные замечания по рукописи данной работы.
«По отцу» или «по обоим родителям»? Вариации деcцентного классификаторного правила, регулирующего членство в этнических категориях в современном Дагестане
Authors: Варшавер Евгений Александрович , Хабибуллин Арсен Маратович , Самосудова Анна Дмитриевна , Шульц Алина Вивьен Евгеньевна
Published: March 2024

Как передается членство в этнических категориях в современном Дагестане, если речь идет о семьях, родители в которых относятся к разным национальностям? На материале 133 интервью, взятых в городских и сельских поселениях Дагестана, в статье демонстрируется, что в республике сосуществуют два основных классификаторных правила. Первое, патрилинейное, предполагает, что национальная принадлежность передается по отцу, а национальность матери не играет роли. Второе, амбилинейное, предполагает, что ребенок в «смешанном» браке классифицируется как представитель обеих — отцовской и материнской — национальностей. Такой ребенок часто определяется информантами как «метис», и наблюдается тенденция к этнизации этой категории. Результаты исследования представлены в двух частях. В первой на основании нарративов информантов описывается содержательное функционирование правил наследования национальной принадлежности. Во второй на основе анализа массива данных, созданного за счет кодировки и квантификации интервью, демонстрируется, что патрилинейное правило распространено преимущественно в сельской местности, в то время как амбилинейное — в городах. В дискуссии представлены гипотезы, описывающие происхождение обоих правил в Дагестане, прояснена релевантность исследования правил наследования национальной принадлежности для современной конструктивистской теории этничности, а также показано, как за счет распространения амбилинейного правила может произойти иррелевантизация этнической классификации.
Благодарность. Статья подготовлена в рамках выполнения научно-исследовательской работы государственного задания РАНХиГС.
Субъективная отдача от некогнитивных навыков на российском рынке труда: на примере удовлетворенности работой
Authors: Зудина Анна Алексеевна
Published: March 2024

Статья представляет альтернативную оценку отдачи от некогнитивных навыков на российском рынке труда, анализируя их взаимосвязь с показателями удовлетворенности работой. Данная тема ранее подробно не рассматривалась в специализированных российских экономических исследованиях и впервые изучена в настоящей работе на данных общенационального выборочного обследования домохозяйств РМЭЗ НИУ ВШЭ за 2016 г. Анализ основан на оценивании порядковых пробит-моделей отдельно для мужчин и женщин. Проблема эндогенности решалась с помощью процедуры коррекции Хекмана для порядкового пробита. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют, что российский рынок труда предъявляет «универсальный» спрос на занятых с выраженной склонностью к добросовестности, экстраверсии и эмоциональной устойчивости, которая вознаграждается более комфортными (с точки зрения восприятия работников) характеристиками рабочих мест, что согласуется с результатами зарубежных исследований. Ориентация на познание и творчество в целом не приносит значимой отдачи в виде более высокой самооценки. Кроме того, склонность к открытости значимо связана с более низкими оценками удовлетворенности оплатой труда как среди мужчин, так и среди женщин. Полученный результат сигнализирует о воспринимаемом несоответствии характеристик рабочего места и структуры человеческого капитала работников на российском рынке труда.
Благодарность. Статья подготовлена в рамках гранта, предоставленного Министерством науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (№ соглашения о предоставлении гранта: 075-15-2022-325). Автор выражает признательность за ценные комментарии Н.Т. Вишневской.
Listener perception of appropriateness of L1 and L2 refusals in English
Authors: Kostromitina Maria , Miao Yongzhi
Published: March 2024

English has become an international language (EIL) as speakers around the world use it as a universal means of communication. Accordingly, scholars have investigated different aspects of EIL affecting communicative success. Speech scholars have been interested in speech constructs like accentedness, comprehensibility, and acceptability (e.g., Kang et al., 2023). On the other hand, pragmatic researchers have examined lexico-grammatical features of EIL that contribute to first language (L1) English listeners’ perceptions of appropriateness in speech acts (e.g., Taguchi, 2006). However, little is known about: a) how appropriateness is perceived by users of EIL of diverse L1s and b) how those appropriateness perceptions are related to lexico-grammatical and phonological features. Therefore, the present study had 184 listeners (L1 = English, Spanish, Chinese, and Indian languages) evaluate 40 speech acts performed by 20 speakers (L1 English and Chinese, 50% each) in terms of appropriateness on a 9-point numerical scale. Results from linear mixed-effects regressions suggested that: a) listener L1 did not contribute to listener ratings and b) speakers’ rhythm and lexico-grammatical features (i.e., use of different pragmatic strategies) significantly contributed to listener appropriateness ratings. The findings provide empirical evidence to support the phonology-pragmatics link in appropriateness perceptions and offer implications regarding the operationalization of English interactional appropriateness.
The effect of gamma radiation on 5-hydroxymethylfurfural conversion in water and dimethyl sulfoxide
Authors: Benwannamas Nurulsafeelanaria , Sataman Phongphak , Thongkham Somprasong , Kingkam Wilasinee , Sriwiang Wiranee , Laksee Sakchai , Prigyai Nicha , Sangtawesin Tanagorn , Chutimasakul Threeraphat
Published: March 2024

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a biomass-based chemical platform that can undergo many feasible reactions. One of the most important reactions is the oxidation to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), which is the monomer for bioplastic production. In this work, the radiation method was used to investigate the conversion of HMF in both aqueous (DI) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solutions. The effects of media solvents, atmospheric gases, HMF concentrations, additive bases, and absorbed doses of gamma radiation were studied. The results showed that the media solvent played a crucial role in HMF conversion under gamma irradiation. At 30 kGy, the HMF conversions in DI and DMSO were 92.1 and 24.1%, respectively, and the oxidation products were only found in the irradiated samples under DMSO. The HMF conversion and oxidation product formation increased with the gamma radiation dose. Moreover, it was found that FDCA stability toward gamma irradiation is highly sensitive in aqueous solution but relatively stable in DMSO. The results implied the alternative promising choice of radiation method compared with traditional methods. To join the bridge, the use of a mixture solvent DI/DMSO seems considerable in the future.
Marine antifouling coating based on fluorescent-modified poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) resin
Authors: Wang Ze , Li Yu , Ren Jiahao , Xiong Yangkai , Li Zheng , Wang Guoqing
Published: March 2024

The growth of marine economy urgently needs non-toxic coatings. This study provides a novel and green coating that obtains outstanding antifouling performance by combining the low surface energy effect and the fluorescent effect. The coating was synthesized by reacting tetraphenylethylene (TPE) as the fluorescent component with poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) resin. The introduction of TPE provided the resin coating with lower surface energy and fluorescent properties, leading to improve the antifouling performance. This study indicates fluorescent TPE polymers for marine antifouling and opens new horizons for the exploitation of fluorescent antifouling coatings.
Molecular dynamics simulation and experimental study on the mechanical properties of PET nanocomposites filled with CaCO3, SiO2, and POE-g-GMA
Authors: Cheng Xiaoying , Liao Qiuhui , Xu Jiani , Gu Zeen , He Yibo
Published: March 2024

This work investigated the mechanical properties of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) reinforced with calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and silica (SiO2) nanoparticles, respectively, and the improvement in toughness of the ternary system with the incorporation of graft-modified ethylene-1-octene copolymer (POE-g-GMA). PET nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending extrusion and injection molding. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was employed to construct models for binary system filled with nanoparticles and ternary system with the additional inclusion of POE-g-GMA elastomers. The results of mechanical property tests and MD simulation revealed that the binary system exhibited increased elastic modulus and tensile strength, mainly attributed to the effective reinforcement of rigid nanoparticles and the surface adsorption between nanoparticles and the PET matrix enhanced the interfacial interactions. CaCO3 indicated a more pronounced reinforcing effect, possibly due to the higher crystallinity of its composites. The incorporation of POE-g-GMA resulted in a significant improvement in impact strength and the elongation at break of PET nanocomposites. This enhancement in toughness is attributed to the elastomer’s ability to absorb a substantial amount of impact energy, while the elastic modulus is higher than that of pure PET.
Enhancing attapulgite and cement-modified loess for effective landfill lining: A study on seepage prevention and Cu/Pb ion adsorption
Authors: Zhang Zhengrui , Matlan Siti Jahara , Zhang Lili , Pishro Ahad Amini , Pishro Mojdeh Amini , Gao Xian , Taha Nazaruddin Abdul , Zhou Yuxin
Published: March 2024

This study aims to use attapulgite (ATT) and cement to modify loess as the lining material of landfills in loess areas and to exert the adsorption property of modified loess to ensure seepage prevention. It provides a safe, efficient, low-cost anti-seepage material for constructing a landfill in a loess area. For ATT-modified loess, when the content of ATT is less than 10%, the decrease rate of permeability coefficient is obvious, and when the content is more than 10%, the decrease rate becomes slow. After adding 5% cement on this basis, the permeability coefficient of ATT cement-modified loess is 8 × 10−8 cm/s, which meets the standard requirements (≤10−7 cm/s). The results show that the adsorption of Cu and Pb ions on ATT cement-modified loess is higher than that on pure loess. Cu and Pb ions’ adsorption rates are 99.2 and 98.5% in a single solution. In the mixed solution, the adsorption rates of copper and lead ions were 97.5 and 98.2%, respectively. Therefore, the study obtained the ratio of modified loess (85% loess + 10% ATT + 5% cement) that can not only meet the seepage prevention requirements of the landfill but also can adsorb heavy metal ions in the leachate, providing security for the landfill.
Circ_0051428 targeting miR-885-3p/MMP2 axis enhances the malignancy of cervical cancer
Authors: Song Caixian , Chen Liping
Published: March 2024

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are key regulators of cervical cancer (CC) progression. This study aimed to elucidate the role and mechanism of circ_0051428, a novel circRNA, in CC tumorigenesis. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting analyses confirmed that circ_0051428 and matrix metalloprotein-2 (MMP2) were overexpressed in CC, whereas the microRNA miR-885-3p was poorly expressed. After performing a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments, circ_0051428 knockdown was shown to repress CC cell invasion and proliferation in vitro, and hamper tumor formation in vivo. Dual-luciferase reporter and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation experiments verified that circ_0051428 interacts with miR-885-3p to regulate the target gene MMP2 of miR-885-3p in CC. In addition, miR-885-3p knockdown offset the anticancer effects of circ_0051428 or MMP2 knockdown on CC cell malignancy. Overall, this study revealed that circ_0051428 executes a tumor-promoting function in CC pathogenesis by modulating the miR-885-3p/MMP2 axis. Our findings provide a novel approach for CC treatment.
Enhancing the performance of thermal energy storage by adding nano-particles with paraffin phase change materials
Authors: Waqas Hassan , Hasan Md. Jahid , Naqvi Syed Muhammad Raza Shah , Liu Dong , Muhammad Taseer , Eldin Sayed M. , Kang Can
Published: March 2024

Phase change materials (PCMs) are now being extensively used in thermal energy storage (TES) applications. Numerous researchers conducted experiments using various circumstances and materials to optimize storage performance. A study was conducted to compare the numerical research of the melting process of paraffin wax using a hybrid nano-integrated paraffin PCM with graphene oxide (GO) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in a TES unit. Hence, this research focuses on a sustainable TES system using hybrid nanomaterials (PCM + GO, PCM + SWCNTs, PCM + GO + SWCNT) with varying concentrations of nanoparticles. The objective is to improve the thermal characteristics of PCMs. The main aim of this study is to examine the numerical analysis of the system inside a TES that has a rectangular form. The numerical experiments were conducted using the finite-volume solver Ansys Fluent. The obtained findings show the thermophysical characteristics fluctuations with respect to the solid volume fractions, liquid fraction, temperature, and velocity inside the TES system. Implementing an effective heat transfer mechanism from the point of capture to storage and later consumption necessitates the employment of a heat transfer fluid. The inclusion of SWCNT particles at a concentration of just 10% has been seen to expedite the melting phenomenon. Furthermore, incorporating GO in conjunction with SWCNT alleviates this phenomenon, resulting in a melting behavior that resembles that of unadulterated paraffin. Additionally, the introduction of just 1% GO, combined with SWCNT, leads to a rapid alteration in surface heat transfer coefficient compared to the scenario with single SWCNT and paraffin. These insights hold practical relevance for the development of TES systems in various applications.
Korrespondenzen mit Konrad Adenauer – ein Erfinder und seine Patentanwälte
Authors: Erdmann Finni Jo
Published: March 2024

Among German private inventors, former Federal Chancellor Dr. Konrad Adenauer is a peculiar case. Despite his (few) successful patents and his fame as a politician, hardly any aspects of his inventive activity have been studied scientifically so far. His correspondence with several patent attorneys lends itself to the following question: What functions could patent attorneys fulfil for private inventors in the first half of the 20th century? Using Adenauer as an example for this, it will be examined which roles his patent attorneys played for him and what added value resulted for Adenauer.
Charlotte Meentzen – Einblicke in ein Dresdner Naturkosmetik-Unternehmen der 30er und 40er Jahre
Authors: Stanislaw-Kemenah Alexandra-Kathrin
Published: March 2024

In the early 1930s, the trained beautician Charlotte Meentzen founded a company in Dresden based on naturopathy with the three pillars of a cosmetics institute, production and school. The foundation, financed by her father Theodor Meentzen, a professional speaker and publicist as well as trade union and SPD member, took place at a time of upheaval that affected the prevailing image of women as well as economic and political conditions. Charlotte Meentzen and her sister Gertrud, who joined the company early on, belonged to a close circle of professional women who ventured into self-employment in an industry that was still controversial at the time. The essay focuses on Charlotte Meentzen as a person, the circumstances surrounding the founding of the company in terms of female entrepreneurship, the cosmetics industry in general and natural cosmetics in particular against the backdrop of the final years of the Weimar Republic and the Nazi era in the Saxon metropolis. At the time, Dresden was considered a stronghold of naturopathy and was proclaimed the «Stadt der Volksgesundheit» («City of Public Health») under the Nazi regime. Using (advertising) examples such as the guide published by Meentzen in 1941, «Heilkräfte im Dienste der Schönheit» («Healing powers in the service of beauty»), the actions of the company management between adaptation and self-assertion become clear. This applied not least to the years of reconstruction in the Soviet occupation zone and the GDR, whereby the sisters always remained true to their convictions regarding individual health and beauty on the basis of natural remedies.