bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Yeni Usûl Osmanlı Sarfı Adlı Eserde Şekil Bilgisi Öğretimi
Authors: ERTÜRK Halil İbrahim
Published: December 2021

Necib Asım Yazıksız, Türk dilinin sarf ve nahviyle ilgili “Yeni Tertip Muhtasar Osmanlı Sarfı, Mükemmel Sarf ve Nahv-i Osmânî, Yeni Usûl Osmanlı Sarfı” gibi dar veya geniş kapsamlı birden çok eser kaleme almıştır. Bu eserlerden bir kısmı, sarf ya da nahiv konularına tahsis olunmuş tek konulu kitaplardır. Bir kısmı ise sarf ve nahiv konularını bütünüyle ele alan kavaid kitaplarıdır. Necib Asım Bey tarafından kaleme alınmış gramer konulu eserlerden biri de bu çalışmaya konu olan Yeni Usûl Osmanlı Sarfı adlı Türkçe gramer kitabıdır. Eser, Osmanlı Türkçesinin sarf (şekil bilgisi) konularına tahsis olunmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı; Yeni Usûl Osmanlı Sarfı adlı eserde benimsenen öğretim yöntem ve tekniklerini belirlemek ve genel olarak şekil bilgisinin öğretimi hususunda benimsenen yaklaşımı tespit etmektir. Bu kapsamda öncelikle eserde yer verilen konu başlıkları ve içerikleri, bugünkü gramer kitaplarında ilgili konuda yer alan konu başlıkları ile mukayese edilerek tespit edilen eksiklik ve farklılıklar ortaya koyulmuştur. İkinci aşamada eserde benimsenen öğretim yöntem ve teknikleri üzerinde durulmuştur.
Yabancı Öğrencilerin Covid-19 Salgını Nedeni ile Verilen Uzaktan Eğitim Hakkındaki Görüş ve Memnuniyetlerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Türkiye Örneği
Authors: TENGİLİMOĞLU Dilaver , MANSUR Fatma , KHALEEL SAFFAR Pınar Amjad , TENGİLİMOĞLU Emre
Published: December 2021

Covid-19, tüm dünyayı ekonomik, sosyal ve eğitim gibi alanlarda olumsuz yönde etkilemiştir. Eğitimin devam edebilmesi için pek çok ülke uzaktan eğitim uygulamalarını başlatmıştır. Ancak, uzaktan eğitim sürecinden beklenen sonucu alabilmek için eğitim ortamının çok yönlü olarak tasarlanması gerekmektedir. Son yıllarda Türkiye’de eğitim gören yabancı öğrenci sayısı hızlı bir artış göstermiştir. Türkiye Türk Cumhuriyetleri ve komşu ülkelerden gelen öğrenciler için tercih edilen bir ülkedir. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de Covid-19 salgını sürecinde üniversitede eğitim gören yabancı uyruklu öğrencilerin uzaktan eğitim hakkındaki görüş, memnuniyet ve sorunlarını ortaya koymak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çevrimiçi anket ile gerçekleştirilen araştırmaya Türkiye’de farklı üniversitelerde eğitim gören 435 yabancı öğrenci katılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre Vakıf üniversiteleri senkron eğitimi daha yaygın kullanırken, devlet üniversitelerinde asenkron eğitim verildiği görülmüştür. Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin büyük çoğunluğunun dersleri takip etmede sorun yaşadığı, uzaktan eğitimden genel memnuniyet oranının %64 olduğu ve %53.8’inin uzaktan eğitimi etkili buldukları sonucuna varılmıştır. Lisansüstü eğitim gören öğrencilerin diğer öğrencilere göre uzaktan eğitimden daha çok memnun oldukları görülmüştür. Öğrencilerin uzaktan eğitimde yaşadıkları en büyük sorunlar ise; internet erişimi ve donanımla ilgili teknik problemler; sanal bir ortam olduğundan dolayı içsel motivasyon ve disiplin eksikliği; etkileşimli ders yapılmadığından dolayı dersleri anlamanın güç olmasıdır. Covid-19’un öğrencilerin tamamına yakınının (%90.8) sosyal hayatını da olumsuz yönde etkilediği görülmüştür.
Vorteile von Compliance und Risikomanagement
Authors: Silva Lilian Reis da
Published: December 2021

Compliance ist ein Programm, das darauf abzielt, Unternehmen vor Finanzbetrug, Korruption, unangemessenem Verhalten und/oder Verhalten von mit ihnen verbundenen Mitarbeitern zu schützen, um zu verhindern, dass ihr guter Ruf und ihre Finanzkraft untergraben werden. Es ist ein Werkzeug, dessen Zweck es ist, Regeln, Standards und Richtlinien für interne Prozesse innerhalb von Organisationen festzulegen. Es wurde 1970 in den Vereinigten Staaten entwickelt und seine Praxis wurde durch die Verabschiedung des FCPA (Foreign Corrupt Practices Act) Pioneer Law in ein Rechtsinstitut umgewandelt, das durch den Watergate-Fall motiviert war, an dem der damalige Präsident Richard Nixon und Mitglieder beteiligt waren seiner Regierung durch die Zahlung von Bestechungsgeldern in der Forschung zugunsten seiner Wiederwahl. In diesem Zusammenhang ist die Leitfrage dieses Artikels: Wie wirken die Vorteile des Compliance– und Risikomanagement-Programms zusammen, um die Risiken von Betrug, illegalen Handlungen und Korruption innerhalb von Organisationen zu reduzieren? Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Vorteile der Einführung des Compliance– und Risikomanagementprogramms in öffentlichen und privaten Unternehmen, in ihren internen Prozessen und in ihren Beziehungen zu ihrem Tätigkeitsbereich darzustellen und ihre Zusammenarbeit bei der Betrugsbekämpfung aufzuzeigen. Die bibliografische Recherche wurde als Methodik verwendet, um die Vorteile von Betrugspräventionsprogrammen zu diskutieren. Es wurde festgestellt, dass die Compliance– und Risikomanagementprogramme zusammen mit neuen Governance-Lösungen für die Informationstechnologie (IT) wie Enterprise Governance, Risk Management and Compliance (EGRC) wirksame Vorteile beim Risikoschutz bieten, Betrug und Korruption eindämmen.
Vantaggi della conformità e della gestione del rischio
Authors: Silva Lilian Reis da
Published: December 2021

La conformità è un programma che mira a proteggere le organizzazioni dal verificarsi di frodi finanziarie, corruzione, comportamenti e/o comportamenti inappropriati dei dipendenti ad esse collegati, prevenendo che la loro buona reputazione e solidità finanziaria vengano compromesse. È uno strumento il cui scopo è stabilire regole, standard e linee guida per i processi interni all'interno delle organizzazioni. È stato sviluppato negli Stati Uniti nel 1970 e le sue pratiche sono state trasformate in un istituto legale, attraverso l'emanazione della legge pionieristica FCPA (Foreign Corrupt Pratices Act), motivata dal caso Watergate, che ha coinvolto l'allora presidente Richard Nixon e membri del suo governo, pagando tangenti in ricerca a favore della sua rielezione. In questo contesto, questo articolo ha come domanda guida: come collaborano i vantaggi offerti dal programma di conformità e Gestione del rischio per ridurre i rischi di frode, atti illeciti e corruzione all'interno delle organizzazioni? L'obiettivo di questo studio era presentare i benefici forniti dall'adozione del programma di conformità e Gestione del rischio nelle aziende pubbliche e private, nei loro processi interni e nelle relazioni con il loro segmento di attività, e come collaborano per mitigare le frodi. La ricerca bibliografica è stata adottata come metodologia, discutendo i benefici causati dai programmi di prevenzione delle frodi. È stato riscontrato che i programmi di conformità e di gestione del rischio apportano benefici effettivi di protezione del rischio, mitigando le frodi e la corruzione, insieme a nuove soluzioni di governance delle tecnologie dell'informazione (IT), come la governance aziendale, la gestione del rischio e la conformità (EGRC).
Relationship between Management Accounting and Business Efficiency - the Intermediate Role of Management Efficiency: A Case Study of Small and Medium Enterprises in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam
Authors: Dinh Phi Ho , Nguyen Bich Ngoc , Tran Van Tung , Bui Quang Minh
Published: December 2021

Management accounting is a reliable source of information in business activities. However, up to now, there have not been many complete and systematic studies on the factors affecting and the interaction between the implementation of management accounting and the business performance of enterprises. This is a challenging issue for policymakers and business managers. This study, using data from a survey of 370 SMEs in the Mekong Delta, applied the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling in the analysis. The research results show that there is a positive linear relationship between management accounting and business efficiency of enterprises through the intermediate factors of management efficiency. Factors affecting the implementation of management accounting include enterprise size, market competition, business owner awareness, and professional qualification of the accounting team.
Innovative Low-Cost Naturally Ventilated Maize Seed Storage System
Authors: Mdlalose Siphiwe , Sibanda Sipho , Workneh Tilahun , Laing Mark
Published: December 2021

A 22-m3 residential room was converted to a seed storage facility by retrofitting a solar collector on the roof. Three different chimney sizes of diameter and height of 200 mm x 3.6 m, 200 mm x 4.8 m, 300 mm x 3.6 m, and 300 mm x 4.8 m were investigated to determine the best size of the chimney to be used for ventilation in a storage facility. The parameters measured were the air velocity in the chimney duct, as well as the air temperature and relative humidity at the inlet, centre, and outlet of the storage facility. The diameter of the chimney had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the ventilation rate achieved in the storage facility. Significant differences were found between the different chimney diameters and heights (P≤0.05). The 300 mm diameter chimneys were able to extract hot air from the roof solar collector; however, the 200 mm diameter failed. The modified naturally-ventilated seed storage room was able to reduce the relative humidity from 69.7% to a safe relative humidity of 37.9%, while at the same time the temperature increased from 23.3℃ to 35℃ in the 300 mm x 4.8 m chimney.
Diagnostics of lesions of parenchymatic organs in COVID-19 with the application of digital software processing of computer tomography images
Authors: Lynnyk М.І. , Liskina І.V. , Gumeniuk М.І. , Іgnatieva V.І. , Gumeniuk G.L. , Svyatnenko V.А. , Panashchuk І.О. , Ivashchenko V.Y.
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND. In the third wave of the pandemic, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was more aggressive. The available information on the pathogenesis of respiratory failure was supplemented with new data. Up-date information about the respiratory failure pathogenesis was acquired. It has been shown that the SARS-CoV-2 virus leads to disappearance of white pulp cells in the spleen. In this tissue immune cells mature and differentiate, among others T- and B-lymphocytes, which are responsible for premunition. The study of the structure and function of the spleen has become even more urgent. Some authors note a change in the size of the spleen during ultrasonography and chest computed tomography (CT), which correlate with indicators of the pneumonia“s severity. The study of the structure and function of the spleen has become even more urgent.

OBJECTIVE. To study is to evaluate changes in the structure of solid organs (lungs, liver and spleen) in patients with a complicated community-acquired viral pneumonia COVID-19 by means of software digital processing of CT scan data and their comparison with pathomorphological changes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. The analysis of CT data in patients with a complicated community-acquired viral pneumonia COVID-19, who were treated at the SI “National institute of phthisiology and pulmonology named. F.G. Yanovsky of the NAMS of Ukraine”. CT WGC was performed on an Aquilion TSX-101A «Tochiba» scanner (Japan), followed by digital software processing of CT images using the Dragonfly software. Histological preparations were obtained as a result of traditional alcoholic histological tracing of tissue samples, embedded in paraffin blocks. To obtain micrographs, an Olympus BX51 microscope was used with an Olympus DP73 digital camera and a CellSens computer program for image processing.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. The obtained results of digital software processing of CT images clearly correlate with autopsy histological examination of tissues of the same solid organs. Changes in the structure of the spleen occur earlier than in other solid organs, which gives reason to use these changes for diagnostic purposes. Digital processing of CT images of the spleen allows determining the severity of the disease, predicting its further course and evaluating the effectiveness of treatment.

CONCLUSIONS. In patients with a complicated viral (COVID-19) community-acquired pneumonia changes (which can be determined by digital software processing of CT data) in the structure of solid organs, especially in lungs and spleen, were observed and they correlate with pathomorphological changes.
OBTAINING AND PROPERTIES OF NANOSCALE SOLID-STATE HEAT STORAGE WITH CARNAUBA WAX
Authors: Brichka S.Ya.
Published: December 2021

Latent thermal energy storage using phase change materials has attracted interest in the use of solar and other types of energy due to their ability to provide high density lateral energy storage. Materials with a latent heat of storage have become attractive for their use in many branches of human activity. However, the materials use is often limited by problems of low thermal conductivity, the transition from a solid to a molten state causes difficulties in storing materials in a container, and special heat exchangers are needed to increase the energy cost. The solution to the above problems may be to create solid-state, form-stable heat storage elements. In this work, a number of shape-stable materials with a phase transition were obtained from melts by mixing halloysite nanotubes with carnauba wax in order to improve the heat accumulation characteristics. Halloysite nanotubes were mixed at elevated temperatures with carnauba melted wax and rapidly cooled to prevent the nanotubes sedimentation. As a result, a series of solid wax/nanotube samples were prepared with weight ratios of 70/30, 60/40 and 50/50. Pure wax showed a accumulation heat of the solid-to-liquid phase transition of 189.09 J/g. Carnauba wax has a latent heat greater by about 25 % compared to paraffin. Composite materials had significantly lower latent heat, respectively, 99.39 J/g for 70/30, 90.25 J/g for 60/40, and 81.26 J/g for 50/50 samples. Elemental mapping of the nanomaterial revealed a nanotubes uniform distribution in the wax. According to the data of X-ray analysis, as a result of the composite materials preparation, the components did not form new crystalline phases, but they were physical mixtures. When heated, the components did not chemically interact with each other, which is useful for the accumulation of thermal energy by materials. Analysis of the IR spectra of the samples confirmed the change in the absorption bands of functional hydroxyl groups at 3696 sm–1 (Al–O–H) and 3621 sm–1 (Si–O–H). In primary nanotubes, the intensities ratio of silanol to aluminol groups is greater than unity, while in the composite it is already less than this value. This manifestation can be explained by the fact that, during the wax melting, the interaction of wax molecules on the outer surface of the nanotubes occurs. Bibl. 16, Fig. 5.
El discurso gubernamental de Ecuador y Perú durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en FacebookGovernment speech in Ecuador and Peru during the COVID-19 pandemic on Facebook
Authors: Márquez Domínguez Carmelo , CALVA CABRERA KETTY DANIELA , DUQUE RENGEL VANESSA KARINA
Published: December 2021

La pandemia en torno al COVID-19, cambió las rutinas de cobertura y de consumo de la información y, como nunca antes, puso en el disparadero de la opinión pública, a través de las redes sociales, a los Ministerios de Salud o Sanidad de todos los países del mundo, en tanto su gestión y comunicación de crisis. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los componentes del discurso gubernamental con mayor relevancia, sobre la pandemia, expuesto por dicha cartera ministerial a partir de los primeros casos de COVID-19 en Perú y Ecuador, así como determinar las reacciones de las audiencias en consecuencia de las interacciones con el contenido presentado. El enfoque metodológico es cualitativo a partir de un estudio de caso. Las técnicas aplicadas para la recolección de datos fueron la observación y el análisis de métricas mediante una ficha de observación. Entre los principales resultados se evidencia una notable diferencia en la forma de abordar la comunicación: en Perú, su Gobierno se centró en la seguridad de los ciudadanos, pronunciándose como un cercano protector de la sociedad, con publicaciones más optimistas, apoyadas mayoritariamente de un vídeo y basadas en una campaña permanente; el Gobierno ecuatoriano, por su parte, centralizó su discurso en el número de casos, en los sujetos infectados, con unidades comunicativas separadas, sobrias,  neutrales y descansadas esencialmente con imágenes.
The Presence of Women in the Illustrated Magazine Liang You during the Second Sino-Japanese War through Photographs
Authors: Qiu Manqing
Published: December 2021

The photographic presence of women on war in journalism and the gender inequality suffered by women are often ignored in previous investigations. This study focuses on analyzing the photographic images of women published in the monthly illustrated magazine 'Liang You' during the Second Sino-Japanese War, with the aim of knowing the presence of Chinese women and verifying the existence of inequality of gender suffered during the war. To this end, the photographs published from 1937 to 1945 have been qualitatively studied following the theories of Vilches (1983) and Facio (2009). The quantity and regularity of the publication are analyzed in this study. The areas in which women enter, women’s identities and activities shown in photographs are investigated. We find that the presence of women on war is active in journalism. Chinese women appear in family, social, educational and work environments. They have diverse identities as social activists, nationalists and protestors. However, they are despised, subordinate and marginalized because they suffer the limitations built by a sexist society with a low level of development. We argue that it is necessary to maintain a vision of gender equality in the study of war to reveal the silent history of women and understand their submission in a purely masculine world.
Media Buku Pop Up Pembelajaran Bahasa Jawa Anak Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Kusumoningrum Ipung Dyah , Handriyotopo Handriyotopo
Published: December 2021

Writing a Javanese script to make it easy to understand requires interactive learning media by designing interactive pop-up books for elementary school students in Surakarta. The design of a pop-up book in Javanese with a qualitative methodology to collect data through interviews with teachers, the education office, and references to the Javanese curriculum. Pop up book design methods, namely; 1 (first) determine the theme and content of the page, scriptwriting style, visual style, visualization techniques, making interactive pop-up book models. The 2nd (two) make the title design, color selection, design pages with attractive illustrations, as well as selecting materials that are suitable for use. The 3rd (three) determines the illustrations and pop-up techniques used on each page. Promotional media for the introduction of Javanese script pop up books to the public, through social media, namely; Youtube and Instagram, supported by media posters, x banners, and gifts in the form of drinking bottles and character magnets. The design of interactive Javanese pop-up books is visually attractive and has a positive impact on students to focus on learning better, as a teaching medium for teachers in the classroom.
Elemen Visual Desain Sampul Piringan Hitam Album Keroncong Produksi Lokananta Tahun 1959-1971
Authors: Yuliana Astina Astina
Published: December 2021

Vinyl records have various cover designs according to the development of modern technology. This study discusses the use of visualization of the album cover design of the 1959-1971 Lokananta keroncong album which is contained in several visual elements, namely typography, illustrations, colors and layouts. Based on the analysis conducted, the use of visual elements complement each other by having their own characteristics. Photographic and computer techniques were used on the album cover.
Pembentukan Persuasif Dalam Struktur Naratif Pada Iklan Gopay Indonesia Versi Bumbu Rahasia Dari Bu Sisca Yang Bikin #Lebihenak
Authors: Kristiana Dewi Alfiani Kristiana
Published: December 2021

The concept of an advertisement aimed at modern society can no longer rely solely on the description of a product. Because basically people can find their own info from a product using their smartphone. Therefore, an advertisement must be designed in such a way that it really attracts potential consumers. Persuasive messages need to be packaged well in order to achieve the target to influence consumers to use the company's products. The research "Pembentukan Persuasif Dalam Struktur Naratif Pada Iklan Gopay Indonesia Versi Bumbu Rahasia Dari Bu Sisca Yang Bikin #LebihEnak " aims to find a persuasive formation of a product advertisement used by modern society, namely Gopay Indonesia e-money through narrative analysis of one of the advertising versions, namely Bumbu Rahasia dari Bu Sisca yang Bikin #Lebihenak. The research method used is descriptive qualitative by collecting data through documentation, observation, and literature study. This research uses narrative theory from Bordwell-Thompson which sees the narrative elements consist of plot and story, space, time, characters, and narrative. The results showed that the formation of persuasion to grow awareness and product introduction was formed from each narrative element.
“Teaching the poor of the Irish nation”: The Endeavours of the Protestant “Sons of Erin” to Educate Their Catholic “Brethren” in the Age of Catholic Agitation, 1800–1850
Authors: Bénazech Wendling Karina
Published: December 2021

In Ireland, the Protestant missionary impetus of the early 19th century, known as the 'Second Reformation', coincided with Daniel O’Connell’s movement for the emancipation of Catholics and the Repeal of the Union which concurrently met with resounding success. As the Irish nationalist movement was becoming more and more catholicised, The Irish Society for Promoting the Education of the Native Irish through the Medium of Their Own Language promoted access to the Bible in “the pure Gaelic language and the Irish character” for both the spiritual salvation of “the [poorer] sons of Erin” and “the political repose and moral amelioration of Ireland.” Even if the Second Reformation has often been considered as an attempt at anglicising the Irish through conversion, a reassessment of the reciprocal influences of Protestant missions and Irish nationalism is timely. Therefore, this paper, relying on a wide range of archival material, intends to examine how the discourse of this Protestant society disrupted the status quo of Irish and British identities.  Was the Society’s redefinition of Irish identity, which combined a shared Irish culture with loyalty to the British state, perceived by O’Connell’s nationalist movement as a threat or an opportunity? This exploration of the relationship between Christianity and nationalism highlights the complex ties that can be found between several layered identities and disrupts the binaries of the vernacular being promoted by the champions of independence and of native languages being erased by the advocates of imperial rule.
İmam Hüseyin’in Yasçıları: Gelenekten Günümüze İran’daki Şiî Matem Merasimlerinde Meddahlar
Authors: YILMAZ Adem
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışma günümüz İran toplumunda büyük bir coşkuyla tertip edilen matem merasimlerinde okudukları şiirlerle dinleyicileri hüzünlendirip ağlatan meddahları konu edinmektedir. Meddahlık usulüyle şiir okuma geleneğinin geçmişi, çeşitli Şiî rivayetlerinde Kerbela hadisesine kadar uzanmaktadır. Büveyhîler ile birlikte tarihte ilk kez devlet desteği alıp kamusal alanda görünürlük kazanan meddahlar, Safevîler döneminde Şiî kimliğinin yeniden inşasında ve Sünni devletlerle olan mücadelede önemli bir propaganda aracına dönüşmüş ve bu işlevini Kaçarlar döneminde de sürdürmüştür. 1979 Devrimi’ne giden süreçte halkın Şah karşıtı gösteriler için mobilize edilmesinde de etkili olan meddahlar, İran-Irak savaşında da benzer bir işlev görmüş ve kitlelerin cepheye seferber edilmesinde önemli rol oynamıştır. Günümüzde Devrim Rehberi’ne verdikleri destek sebebiyle “Hamaney’in askerleri” olarak nitelenen meddahlar, dini bir ritüelin icracısı olmanın yanında İran’daki sosyo-politik birçok gelişmenin arka planında da adından söz ettirmektedir. Son dönemde meddahlığın icrasında geleneksel uygulamalardan farklı olarak, musiki ve muhteva açısından değişim yaşanmış, “pop tarzı” diye nitelenen yeni bir meddahlık akımı ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Şiî hadis rivayetleri, batılı seyyahların gözlemleri ve konuyla alakalı Farsça literatürdeki temel çalışmalar ışığında, İran merkezli Şiî devlet ve topluluklarda önemli bir yeri olan meddahlık geleneğinin tarihsel gelişimini ve günümüzdeki etkilerini ana hatlarıyla ele almaktır.
A Brief History of The Struggle Between Gonabadi Dervishes and the Islamic Republic of Iran (2005 - 2018)
Authors: TOĞA Oral
Published: December 2021

The Gonabadi Sufi Order is one of the three main branches of the Nimatullahi Sufi order that was originated by Shah Nimatullahi Wali in the 14th and 15th centuries. The Dervishes, the best known of its followers, assert that they believe in peace, security, and equality and avoid violence and politics. The constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran is officially based on the "Twelver Shia" and only recognizes a small minority as a religion officially. In spite of this, even though they describe themselves as the "Twelver Shia", they reject the principal foundations of the Islamic Republic of Iran's official religion. As a result, dervishes were declared as "heretics" by the state. After the Revolution, especially after 1995, systematic attacks have intensified on members of the order and their Hosseiniyeh, where they performed their religious rituals. The Hosseiniyeh in Kerman was the first place to be attacked; the Hosseiniyehs in Qom, Tehran, Karaj, and Borujerd were also attacked and destroyed. Eventually, the scale of the attacks was expanded to the tombs of the prominent figures of the Gonabadi order. These conflicts increased in intensity after 2005, in Ahmadinejad's presidency, and caused social outrages that resulted in death at various times. In this study, the background of these fierce conflicts will be examined and the history of the conflict will be conveyed. The events that led the dervishes, who define themselves peaceful at every opportunity, to such violent conflicts with the state will be perused. In addition, the reasons why the state sees these dervishes as an internal enemy will be examined.
İran Dış Politikasında Ontolojik Güvenlik Arayışı ve Filistin Meselesine Yaklaşım
Authors: CİHANGİR DEMİRBAŞ İlknur
Published: December 2021

İran’ın 1979 devrimiyle birlikte sahip olduğu kimliksel perspektif onun dış politikasının yönü de yeniden tayin etmiş, zaman içerisinde dış politika adına bir takım esnekliklere sahip olunmuşsa da kimi hususlara olan yaklaşımın özenle korunduğu gözlenmiştir. Geleneksel yaklaşımların öngördüğü biçimde dış politikanın yalnızca fiziki güvenlik ve materyal çıkarlar odağında şekillendiği varsayımından hareket edildiği takdirde, bu kapsamda çeşitli maliyetleri göze almak pahasına da olsa sürdürülen ısrarlı politikaları açıklamak güçtür. İran dış politikasının işleyişinde ontolojik güvenliğin rolünün analiz edildiği bu çalışmada, İran’ın fiziksel güvenlik ve materyal çıkarı kadar ontolojik güvenliğe dair kaygılarının da onun dış politika eylemleri açısından belirleyici olup olmadığı hususunun değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, Ontolojik Güvenlik Teorisi (OGT)’nden istifade edilen çalışmada, İran dış politikasında sıkı sıkıya sahiplenilen ve süreklilik arz eden kimi meselelerin ontolojik güvenlik arayışı ile ilişkilendirilebileceği varsayımından hareket edilmiştir. İran’ın Filistin meselesine yaklaşımı üzerinden bir değerlendirme yapılan çalışmada, hegemonya karşıtlığı, müstekbirler karşısında müstazafların önderliği, zulme karşı adalet arayıcılığı gibi öz-anlatılara sahip İran açısından, Filistin meselesine olan yaklaşımın bir ‘ontolojik güvenlik sağlayıcı rutin’e tekabül ettiği, dolayısıyla ontolojik güvenlik hususunun da İran dış politikasının tayininde belirleyici olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, ontolojik güvenlik bağlamında değerlendirildiğinde İran’ın öz-imajını muhafaza etme ve öz-anlatılarını sürdürme gayesinin bu meseleye ilişkin güçlü bir direniş gayreti yarattığı ve buna ilişkin kaygıların eylemleri biçimlendiren bir ontolojik direnç meydana getirdiğini söylemek olanaklıdır.
INTRODUCING SELF-REGULATED LEARNING INTO EARLY PHYSICS TEACHING IN SERBIA: DESIGN, INITIAL IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION OF A MULTI-STAGE SEQUENCE OF HOMEWORK AND CLASSWORK
Authors: Radovanović Jelena , Sliško Josip
Published: December 2021

Applied research, carried out to examine the possibility of improving students’ understanding of heat phenomena through multi-stage homework and teacher-supported classwork assignments, is described. These assignments, designed within the theoretical framework of self-regulated learning, enable students to overcome errors and doubts from the individual problem solving stage by peer interaction and teacher feedback and to reflect on individual and group learning experiences. They also promote the development of students’ self-efficacy, critical consideration of information and error detection, making individual and group learning processes more visible to students and teacher. This applied research was conducted in an intact grade VII primary school physics class in Serbia. Analysis shows significant progress in students’ understanding of the anomalous behavior of water and their ability to interpret a non-linear graph. The level of self-reflection outcomes depends mostly on the quality of teacher-supported group classwork. It is noted that students should improve expressive and critical thinking abilities.
Key words: graph reading in school physics, home physics experiments, inquiry-based homework, self-regulated physics learning, textbook error detection.
PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS OF SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION ON CASE OF ETHNIC MINORITIES OF GEORGIA
Authors: Aptarashvili Ia , Tsereteli Mzia
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the presented research is to determine the relations between success or failure in second language acquisition on one hand and personal - social factors and attitudes of an individual on the other. Besides, to define what is the predictive value of personal or social features and the attitudes of the given individual for reaching high competency in the second language. 374 schoolchildren (165 boys and 202 girls) from three regional non-Georgian schools were administered with the questionnaire consisted of several blocks: Parents’ attitude to second language acquisition; Motivation; Anxiety related to the second language usage; Anxiety in class; Sense of self-confidence in the process of the Second language acquisition. The best predictors for success in SLA are: General interest in the foreign languages, parents’ involvement in learning process, instrumental motivation and self-confidence in the process of language acquisition. The study has implication for foreign language teachers and experts of bilingual educations.
Key words: academic achievement, instrumental motivation, second language, self-confidence, SLA.
Santa Catarina na rota dos correios aéreos (1927-1955)
Authors: Goularti Filho Alcides , Crozetta Mazon Gabriel
Published: December 2021

O objetivo desse artigo é descrever e analisar a trajetória dos correios aéreos em Santa Catarina entre os anos de 1927 e 1955. A escolha do período está relacionada à disponibilidade de dados dos serviços postais aéreos no Brasil, detalhado por unidades federativas e companhias aéreas, disponíveis nos relatórios da Diretoria Geral dos Correios 1928-1931), Departamentos dos Correios e Telégrafos (1931-1940) e nos Anuários Estatísticos do Brasil (1935-1955). O artigo está dividido em quatro tópicos. O primeiro, traz um panorama geral da história dos correios aéreos no mundo e no Brasil. Em seguindo, é descrito um quadrodas companhias aéreas que realizaram esse serviço em Santa Catarina.No terceiro tópico, aborda sobre o movimento postal por cidades catarinenses e companhias aéreas que atuavam nos serviços postais aéreos.Por fim, temos as considerações geral que procura fazer uma síntese do movimento geral dos correios aéreos no nível geral e particular.
Santa Catarina en la ruta postal aérea (1927-1955)
Authors: Goularti Filho Alcides , Crozetta Mazon Gabriel
Published: December 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es describir y analizar la trayectoria de los correos aéreos en Santa Catarina entre los años de 1927 e 1955. La elección del período está relacionada con la disponibilidad de datos de los servicios postales aéreos en Brasil, discriminado por unidades federativas y compañías aéreas, disponibles en los informes de la Diretoria Geral dos Correios 1928-1931), Departamentos dos Correios e Telégrafos (1931-1940) y en los Anuários Estatísticos do Brasil (1935-1955). El artículo está dividido en cuatro tópicos. El primero traza un panorama general de la historia de los correos aéreos del mundo y de Brasil. Enseguida, se describe un cuadro de las compañías aéreas que realizaban ese servicio en Santa Catarina. El tercer tópico, aborda el movimiento postal por ciudades catarinenses y las compañías aéreas que actuaban en los servicios postales aéreos. Finalmente, hacemos una consideración general que busca hacer una síntesis del movimiento general de los correos aéreos a nivel integral y particular.
Municipalidad como ámbito de mediación local entre colonos y estancieros: San José en la década de 1860*
Authors: Kozul Pedro
Published: December 2021

El presente artículo examina las características particulares de la municipalidad de San José según su condición de colonia agrícola. A su vez, considera los cambios demográficos y productivos que se observan en esta jurisdicción durante la década de 1860. Además, analiza las tensiones existentes entre los colonos con ciertos estancieros de la zona. Por medio de la correspondencia emanada desde el municipio hacia el gobierno provincial, los distintos tipos de estadísticas y normativas, ylas peticiones de los colonos; pretendemos demostrar que –en dicho contexto– la municipalidad se posicionó como un ámbito de mediación local, actuando en forma corporativa y colegiada. Fue a través de esta institución que los colonos configuraron un espacio común por el cual intentaron resarcir sus problemas.
¿Cuán igualador es el gasto público en educación en Argentina?
Authors: Adrogue Cecilia , Orlicki Eugenia
Published: December 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo es cuantificar el efecto distributivo del gasto público en educación en Argentina, en lo que respecta tanto a la provisión de la Educación de Gestión Pública como al subsidio a la Educación de Gestión Privada. Utilizando datos provenientes del Ministerio de Educación de la Nación y de la Encuesta Permanente de Hogares del año 2017 se analiza cómo se modifica la distribución de ingresos de los hogares al adicionarle el monto correspondiente al gasto público en educación por alumno para todos aquellos niños y jóvenes que asisten a establecimientos públicos, y el monto asignado en subsidios para aquellos que asisten a establecimientos de gestión privada subsidiados. La adición de ese gasto como un ingreso del hogar al que pertenece el niño o joven da como resultado una distribución más progresiva para los cuatro niveles, es decir, menos desigual que la distribución de los ingresos sin incorporarlo. Esta progresividad se observa cuando se analizan ambos tipos de gasto por nivel educativo –provisión pública del servicio y subsidio a la provisión privada-, tanto en forma conjunta como por separado. A su vez, se observa que el gasto tiene un efecto progresivo y pro-pobre en los niveles inicial, primario y secundario -es decir, la distribución de ingresos es más igualitaria que antes de la provisión de estos niveles educativos, y, además, esta transferencia está concentrada entre los hogares que tienen menores ingresos-. El gasto correspondiente al nivel superior tiene un efecto progresivo, pero no pro-pobre.
Fecha de recepción: 13/7/2021
Fecha de aceptación: 6/9/2021
Study of the technological properties of excipients in the development of the composition of orally dispersible tablets
Authors: Kasymov I. D. , Basevich A. V.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The article presents the results of studying the technological properties of individual excipients widely used in the compositions of existing orally dispersed tablets (ODT) for subsequent planning a multifactorial experiment. Samples of excipients were analyzed according to such pharmacopoeial indicators as description, flowability, bulk density, compressibility, fractional composition, solubility in water.

Aim. The aim of the work is to create a list and study the technological properties of candidate substances for the role of auxiliary substances in the composition being developed by the ODT.

Materials and methods. The technological properties of excipient samples were studied according to the methods of the State Pharmacopoeia of the XIV edition using the flowability tester GTL (ERWEKA, Germany), the bulk density tester SVM 221 (ERWEKA, Germany), the tablet press PGR-10 (LabTools, Russia) and the tablet hardness tester TBH 125 TDP (ERWEKA, Germany).

Results and discussion. As a result of the study, experimental data on the technological properties of excipient samples were collected, and the selected samples were compared according to pharmaceutical and technological indicators.

Conclusion. In the course of the study, a list of auxiliary substances for the development of the composition of ODT was formed and studies of their technological properties were carried out. The obtained experimental data will allow to develop an optimal matrix of a multifactorial experiment for the development of the composition of ODT and justify the choice of excipients.
Three-dimensional printing of ramipril tablets by fused deposition modeling
Authors: Terenteva O. A. , Gusev K. A. , Tikhonova V. V. , Maimistov D. N. , Shandryuk G. A. , Flisyuk E. V.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Arterial hypertension is one of the main risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Drug treatment of arterial hypertension is associated with a number of difficulties: often requires combination therapy, also a possible change in either dosages or drugs during treatment during the patient's life. Three-dimensional printing allows to create individual medicines on-demand.

Aim. Study suitability of Kollidon® VA 64 as a matrix-polymer for the preparation of immediate release ramipril printing tablets.

Materials and methods. Substance: ramipril; excipients: Kollidon® VA 64, Kollidon® CL-F, Soluplus®, PEG 1500, sodium carbonate anhydrous, Poloxamer 188, sodium stearyl fumarate, mannitol; reagents: hydrochloric acid, acetonitrile for ultra-HPLC, sodium octanesulfonate for HPLC, orthophosphoric acid 85 %, sodium perchlorate analytical grade, triethylamine, standard: ramipril USP (№1598303). Ramipril filaments were prepared by hot melt extrusion on the extruder Haake™ miniCTW (Thermo Fisher Scientific). The tablets were printed on a hand-made 3D printer. The printlets were studied for friability and hardness. Uniformity and quantitative determination of ramipril and impurities in tablets and filaments were determined by high performance liquid chromatography on a Shimadzu Prominence LC liquid chromatograph. Stability of ramipril was studied on a DSC 3+ Mettler Toledo by differential scanning calorimetry. Also, the stability of ramipril was determined by the Raman spectroscopy on an analytical system ORTES-785TRS-2700.

Results and discussion. Ramipril filaments with a diameter of 1.75 mm were obtained by melt extrusion at a temperature of 105 °C. They were homogeneous in quantitative content of the active substance. From the resulting filaments, tablets were printed in five configurations with three filling densities: 30 %, 50 % and 100 %. Degradation of ramipril in filaments and tablets is not observed. The melting point of the selected mixture is lower than the melting point of matrix-polymer. It makes possible to lower the processing temperature. Tablets with 100 % filling provide an immediate release of ramipril.

Conclusion. Kollidon® VA 64 is suitable as a matrix-polymer for the development of immediate release ramipril printlets. Kollidon® VA 64 provides the necessary physical and processing properties of the filament required for FDM printing.
Setting Health-Care Priorities: A Reply to Massimo Reichlin
Authors: Tännsjö Torbjörn
Published: December 2021

This is a short reply to Professor Reichlin’s comment on my book Setting Health-Care Priorities. What Ethical Theories Tell Us. The version of prioritarianism I rely on in the book is defended as the most plausible one. The general claim that there is convergence between all plausible theories on distributive justice is also defended with regard to assisted reproduction, disability, and enhancement.
Analisis kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis ditinjau dari self efficacy siswa dalam pembelajaran daring
Authors: Hidayat Reni Astari , Noer Sri Hastuti
Published: December 2021

Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis kemampuan berpikir kritis ditinjau dari self efficacy siswa dalam pembelajaran daring. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas VII-1 SMPN 45 Bandar Lampung yang terdiri dari 25 orang siswa. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini yaitu lembar observasi terhadap pembelajaran daring, lembar angket self efficacy, dan tes uraian dari soal kemampuan berpikir kritis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa yang memiliki self efficacy rendah memiliki kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis yang rendah dan sebaliknya siswa yang memiliki self efficacy tinggi memiliki kemampuan berpikir kritis yang cukup baik dalam pembelajaran daring.Kata Kunci: Pembelajaran Daring, Self Efficacy, Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis
Pengaruh model AIR dan TTW terhadap kemampuan representasi siswa SMP di Kota Singkawang
Authors: Sari Sari , Husna Nurul
Published: December 2021

Abstract: Model pembelajaran adalah kerangka kerja yang memberikan gambaran sistematis untuk melaksanakan pembelajaran agar membantu belajar siswa dalam tujuan tertentu yang ingin dicapai. Dua diantara model pembelajaran yang dapat digunakan yaitu model pembelajaran Auditory IntellectuallyRepetition (AIR) dan model pembelajaran Think Talk Write (TTW).  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perbandingan pengaruh antara model AIR dan TTW terhadap kemampuan representasi siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) di Kota Singkawang.Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan desainquasi-eksperimental menggunakan rancangan non-equivalent posttest-only control group design. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMP Negeri 13 Singkawang, yaitu pada siswa kelas VIII C sebagai kelas ekperimen 1 (menggunakan Model AIR) yang berjumlah 21 siswa dan VIII D yang sebagai kelas ekperimen 2 (menggunakan Model TTW) yang berjumlah 25 siswa, yang dipilih dari 4 kelas dengan purposive sampling.Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu soal kemampuan representasi matematis dan lembar onservasi aktivitas belajar siswa. Analisis data menggunakan pengujian Effect-Sizedan hipotesis komparasi dua sampel independent. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah (1) model pembelajaran pembelajaran AIR memberikan pengaruh yang lebih baik dari pada model TTW terhadap kemampuan representasi matematis dengan besar pengaruh 0,98 (kategori besar); (2) Aktivitas belajar selama menggunakan model pembelajaran AIR lebih baik dari pada model pembelajaran TTW.
Kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis siswa smp melalui soal open ended
Authors: Buyung Buyung
Published: December 2021

Creative thinking skills are an important skill that must be owned by students, but most students still have low creative thinking skills. This research aims to describe students' mathematical creative thinking skills through open ended problems. The data collection technique used in this study is to provide mathematical creative thinking skills using open ended questions in students of 8th grade torsina 3 Singkawang as many as 2 problems. The data analysis techniques used in this study are data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion withdrawal. The result of this study is the mathematical creative thinking ability of some students who work on open ended problems have fulfilled the components of profitability and flexibility for problem number 1 but there are also those who do not meet all components. And for problem number 2 most students do not meet all three components of mathematical creative thinking skills. So it can be concluded that the mathematical creative thinking skills of junior high school students who work on open ended problems are in the low category.
Pengaruh Perhatian Orangtua Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Matemtika Siswa MTs
Authors: Imelda Enda , Syamsuri Syamsuri , Novaliyosi Novaliyosi
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pengaruh perhatian orangtua terhadap motivasi belajar matematika siswa MTs, penelitian  ini merupakan jenis penelitian survei. Data penelitian yang diambil menggunakan angket yang dilakukan secara online. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswa MTs Mathlaul Anwar Pusat Menes tahun pelajaran 2021/2022. Dalam memilih sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian, peneliti menggunakan jenis rumus Slovin, sehingga diperoleh data sampel sebanyak 240 siswa dari total 600 siswa. Masing-masing sampel adalah siswa kelas VII, VIII dan IX dengan menggunakan proporsional random sampling. Siswa kelas VII, VIII dan IX masing-masing berukuran 1/3 dari total sampel, sehingga diperoleh sebanyak 80 siswa dari tiap-tiap angkatan. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh perhatian orangtua terhadap motivasi belajar matematika siswa, peneliti dapat menggunakan perhitungan statistik jenis Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Hasil analisis yang diperoleh pada penelitian menghasilkan nilai determinan hanya 0.878 %. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa faktor perhatian orangtua sebesar 87.8 % dapat menjelaskan ada pengaruh postif terhadap motivasi belajar matematika siswa MTs Mathla’ul Anwar Pusat Menes. Dengan demikian, untuk penelitian selanjutnya diharapkan dapat menyelidiki dan mengungkap faktor lain yang berkontribusi besar terhadap motivasi belajar matematika.
Analisis Kesulitan Siswa Menyelesaikan Soal Matematika Materi Vektor Kelas X SMA Terpadu Wira Bhakti
Authors: Surialin Surialin , Pomalato Sarson W , Machmud Tedy
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMA Terpadu Wira Bhakti Gorontalo tahun ajaran 2020/2021 dengan tujuan untuk menganalisi dan mendeskripsikan kesulitan siswa serta faktor apa saja penyebab kesulitan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal matematika pada materi vektor. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analitis dengan bentuk studi kasus dimana peneliti meneliti secara intensif tentang kesulitan menyelesikan soal matematika pada materi vektor. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa dalam menyelesaikan soal matematika pada materi vektor, siswa masi mengalami kesulitan dalam; (a) Penerapan fakta, (b) Penerpan Konsep, (c) Penerapan prinsip dan (d) Penerpan Operasi. Kesulitan ini dialami oleh siswa dari semua tingkat kemampuan. Faktor penyebab dari kesulitan diatas adalah; (a) tidak mampu menggali informasi yang ada dalam soal, (b) tidak mampu merubah suatu model matematika kedalam model lain, (c) salah dalam menggunakan rumus.