bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Review of COVID-19: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Management
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, NBKR Institute of Science and Technology, Vidyanagar, India., S Anusha , K Dasaradharami Reddy ,   School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems, Vellore Institute of Technology, India., N Ashalatha ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Annamacharya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Tirupati, India.
Published: February 2024

COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, can lead to a wide range of symptoms, varying from mild to severe. Common symptoms include fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Other symptoms may include fatigue, muscle or body aches, headache, loss of taste or smell, sore throat, congestion or runny nose, nausea or vomiting, and diarrhea. Some individuals may also experience more severe symptoms such as difficulty breathing, chest pain or pressure, confusion, inability to stay awake, and bluish lips or face, which require immediate medical attention. It’s important to note that symptoms can appear 2-14 days after exposure to the virus, and some individuals may remain asymptomatic carriers. If you suspect you have COVID-19 or have been exposed to the virus, it’s crucial to seek medical advice and follow public health guidelines to prevent the spread of the virus. COVID-19 diagnosis involves identifying the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus through various methods such as RT-PCR testing, antigen testing, antibody testing, and imaging techniques such as chest X-rays and CT scans. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management and control of the disease. Rapid and widespread testing, along with proper isolation and contact tracing, are essential for containing the spread of the virus. COVID-19 management involves a multifaceted approach, including vaccination, testing, contact tracing, and public health measures such as mask-wearing and social distancing. Treatment focuses on supportive care and, in some cases, antiviral medications. On-going research is crucial for developing effective strategies to control the spread of the virus and mitigate its impact on public health.
Structure Characterization of a Disordered Peptide Using In-Droplet Hydrogen Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Rahman Mohammad , Sultana Mst Nigar , Sharif Daud , Mahmud Sultan , Li Peng , Legleiter Justin , Mertz Blake , Valentine Stephen
Published: February 2024

The highly dynamic nature of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), those containing intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs), makes their structural characterization very difficult using traditional measurement approaches. Especially challenging is the determination of the propensity to form specific types of structure upon interacting with binding partners. Here, the reactivities of select peptides ranging from highly-structured to unstructured species have been examined with in-droplet hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX) techniques. Overall, the consideration of intrinsic rates (kint) of exchange for different backbone sites is shown to be a poor predictor of peptide reactivity. Here, we develop a new model for HDX prediction that combines the use of protection factors (PF) from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with kint to obtain high-accuracy HDX predictability for peptides having various structural types. The relationship of peptide structural flexibility and HDX reactivity for different peptides is elucidated. Additionally, the model is used to characterize the degree of structural bias for the disease-relevant Nt17; although highly flexible, being primed for facile conversion to α-helical conformation upon binding with molecular partners imparts HDX protection. In the future a scale may be developed whereby HDX reactivity is associated with the degree of IDR structural flexibility and bias. Such structural resolution may ultimately be used for high-throughput screening of IDR structural transformation (including structural flexibility and bias) upon binding of drug candidates.
Teaching the Cummins Complex Heterodimerization: Formation of Unorthodox Heteroleptic X3MoMoY3 Dimers with Ultralong Metal-Metal Triple Bonds
Authors: Rütter Daniel , Nöthling Nils , Leutzsch Markus , Fürstner Alois
Published: February 2024

Attempts to stabilize mononuclear trigonal-planar Mo(+3) complexes by (tripodal) silanolates or alkoxides, which had recently been shown to synergize exceedingly well with high valent molybdenum or tungsten alkylidynes, afforded unsymmetrical dimolybdenum complexes of the general type [X3MoMoY3]; not only is this ligand pattern unprece-dented, but these dimers incorporate the intact Cummins complex [(tBu)(Ar)N]3Mo (Ar = 3,5-dimethylphenyl), which is famous for not engaging in metal-metal triple bonding otherwise. The remarkable ease of heterodimerization likely reflects a pronounced kinetic selectivity. The new complexes were characterized by crystallographic and spectroscopic means; they show highly deshielded 95Mo NMR signals and comprise unusually long yet robust MoMo bonds
Working with benchmark datasets in the Cuby framework
Authors: Řezáč Jan , Kontkanen Outi Vilhelmiina , Nováček Martin
Published: February 2024

The development and benchmarking of computational chemistry methods relies on comparison with benchmark data. More and larger benchmark datasets are becoming available, and working efficiently with them is a necessity. The Cuby framework provides rich functionality for working with datasets, comes with many ready-to-use predefined benchmark sets, and interfaces with a wide range of computational chemistry software. Here we review the tools Cuby provides for working with datasets and provide examples of more advanced workflows, such as handling large numbers of computations on HPC resources and reusing previously computed data. Cuby has also been extended recently to include two important benchmark databases, NCIAtlas and GMTKN55.
Discovery and development of macrocyclic peptide modulators of the cannabinoid 2 receptor
Authors: Tomasevic Natasa , Emser Fabiola Susanna , Gattringer Jasmin , Hasinger Simon , Hellinger Roland , Keov Peter , Felkl Manuel , Gertsch Jürg , Becker Christian , Gruber Christian Werner
Published: February 2024

The cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R), a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), is an important regulator of immune cell function and a promising target for to treat chronic inflammation and fibrosis. While CB2R is typically targeted by small organic molecules, including endo-, phyto- and synthetic cannabinoids, peptides may offer a different interaction space, owing to their larger size and greater contact area they facilitate differential interactions with a specific receptor target. Here we explore plant-derived cyclic cystine-knot peptides as ligands of the CB2R. Cyclotides are known for their exceptional biochemical stability. Recently they gained attention as modulators of GPCR signaling and as templates for designing peptide ligands with improved pharmacokinetic properties over linear peptides. Cyclotide-based ligands for CB2R were profiled based on a peptide-enriched extract library comprising nine plant species. Employing pharmacology-guided fractionation and peptidomics we identified cyclotide vodo-C1 from sweet violet plant (Viola odorata) as a full agonist of CB2R with an affinity (Ki) of 1 µM and a potency (EC50) of 8 µM. Leveraging deep learning networks we verified the structural topology of vodo-C1 and modelled its molecular volume in comparison to the CB2R ligand binding pocket. In a fragment-based approach we designed and characterized vodo-C1-based bicyclic peptides (vBCL1-4), aiming to reduce size and improve potency. Opposite to vodo-C1, the vBCL peptides lacked the ability to activate the receptor, but acted as negative allosteric modulators or neutral antagonists of CB2R. This study introduces a new macrocyclic peptide phytocannabinoid, which served as template for the development of synthetic CB2R peptide modulators. These findings offer opportunities for future peptide-based probe and drug development at cannabinoid receptors.
Spin State Modulation and Kinetic Control of Thermal Contraction in a [Fe2Co2] Discrete Prussian Blue Analogue
Authors: Yadav Jyoti , Konar Sanjit
Published: February 2024

Stimuli-responsive switchable molecules represent an important category of magnetic materials with significant potential for functional devices. However, engineering of the complexes with controlled switchability remains challenging due to their sensitivity to lattice interactions. Herein, we have reported a [Fe2Co2] square complex tailored with hydrogen bonding (HB) donor/acceptor moieties for effective lattice interactions. The alteration in HB interactions within differently solvated crystal phases (1•4CH3OH•2H2O, 1•2H2O, 1) leads to a remarkable change in magnetic properties. 1•4CH3OH•2H2O and 1 exhibits [FeIILS(CN)CoIIILS] and [FeIIILS(CN)CoIIHS] configurations, respectively. While, 1•2H2O demonstrates a multi-responsive (thermo-, photo- and pressure) reversible electron transfer coupled spin transition (ETCST) with unusual stability of the diamagnetic state at an intermediate temperature (~140 K), which is accompanied by two-step thermal contraction and expansion. A faster relaxation dynamics to the diamagnetic state with a rate constant of 4×10−4 s−1, at 140 K compared to other temperatures, corroborates the unusual magnetic behaviour. Our result provides valuable insights into the strategic design of complexes with enhanced and controlled switchability for potential applications such as actuators and sensors.
Delving into Theoretical and Computational Considerations for Accurate Calculation of Chemical Shifts in Paramagnetic Transition Metal Systems using First Principles
Authors: Islam Ashraful , Pell Andrew
Published: February 2024

The chemical shielding tensor for a paramagnetic system has been derived from the macroscopically observed magnetization using the perturbation theory. An approach to calculate the paramagnetic chemical shifts in transition metal systems based on the spin-only magnetic susceptibility directly evaluated from the ab initio Hilbert space of the electronic Zeeman Hamiltonian has been discussed. Computationally, several advantages are associated with this approach: (a) it includes the state-specific paramagnetic Curie (first-order) and Van Vleck (second-order ) contributions of the paramagnetic ion to the paramagnetic chemical shifts; (b) thus it avoids the system-specific modeling and evaluating effectively in terms of the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin Hamiltonian parameters formulated previously; (c) it can be utilized both in the point-dipole (PD) approximation (in the long-range) and with the quantum chemical (QC) method based the hyperfine tensors (in the short-range). Additionally, we have examined the predictive performance of various DFT functionals of different families and commonly used core-augmented basis sets for NMR chemical shifts. A selection of transition metal ion complexes with and without first-order orbital contributions, namely the [M(AcPyOx)3(BPh)]+ complexes of M=Mn2+, Ni2+ and Co2+ ions and CoTp2 complex and their reported NMR chemical shifts are studied from first principles for illustration.
LSM1-MS2: A Self-Supervised Foundation Model for Tandem Mass Spectrometry Applications, Encompassing Extensive Chemical Property Predictions and Spectral Matching
Authors: Asher Gabriel , Campbell Jennifer M. , Geremia Jack , Kassis Timothy
Published: February 2024

We introduce LSM1-MS2, a self-supervised foundation model pre-trained on extensive unlabeled MS2 data for tandem mass spectrometry. LSM1-MS2 leverages the complex data within MS2 spectra, bypassing the need for detailed identification and efficiently processing traditional MS2 data. The model's architecture, based on a specialized transformer and custom tokenization scheme, enables Masked Peak Modeling, which trains the model to reconstruct MS2 peaks, preparing it for various downstream applications. Fine-tuning LSM1-MS2 with a smaller, labeled dataset focuses on compound property prediction and identification through spectral matching, enhancing its practicality. Preliminary results demonstrate that the model predicts 209 RDKIT-extracted descriptors with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 3.35 on the CASMI 2022 dataset, outperforming recent supervised models. Notably, it requires only 1\% of the labeled data used by traditional methods. LSM1-MS2's rich embeddings yield similar results to supervised models even without fine-tuning. In compound identification, LSM1-MS2 excels in database lookups, achieving a 0.07 MAE in Tanimoto similarity measurements on CASMI 2022, surpassing supervised models and traditional methods. It also retrieves close matches for known and unknown molecule queries more efficiently than conventional approaches. Overall, LSM1-MS2 demonstrates a transformative impact on mass spectrometry analysis, offering effective fine-tuning with minimal data and robust predictive abilities, reshaping traditional approaches in MS2 data utilization.
Total Synthesis of Cephanolide A and Harringtonolide: A Unified Strategy Connecting Benzenoid and Troponoid Cephalotaxus Diterpenoids
Authors: Zhang Zi-An , Gan Xu-cheng , Tian Guang , Shi Xiao-Yu , Qin Chuanguang , Wang Jie
Published: February 2024

The fascinating benzenoid and troponoid Cephalotaxus diterpenoids are highly related biosynthetically, both of which are popular targets for total synthesis. Herein, we describe a unified strategy for the concise synthesis of cephanolide A and harringtonolide in 14 and 16 steps respectively. Palladium catalyzed Csp2-Csp3 cross-coupling followed by doubly electron-deficient intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction secure the rapid construction of the Cephalotaxus carbon framework. Late-stage benzenoid-to-troponoid ring expansion was accomplished employing Büchner-Curtius-Schlotterbeck (BCS) reaction, furnishing harringtonolide in two steps from cephanolide A. This work shed light on the chemical synthetic connection between benzenoid and troponoid Cephalotaxus diterpenoids.
Editor's Note
Authors: I Clement Dr.
Published: February 2024

None
Editorial Article
Authors: I Clement Dr.
Published: February 2024

None
GENOTYPE × FEEDING REGIME INTERACTION: INFLUENCE ON BODY MEASUREMENTS AND GROWTH RATES OF WEANED RABBITS
Authors: Isaac U.C. , Oriaku J.O.
Published: February 2024

An experiment was conducted to determine the interaction effect of four genotypes: purebred New Zealand White (NZW×NZW) and Chinchilla (CH×CH) and their reciprocal crossbreds (NZW×CH, CH×NZW) and four quantitative feeding regimes: ad libitum concentrate + ad libitum forage (A), ad libitum concentrate + 30% restricted forage (B), 30% restricted concentrate + ad libitum forage (C) and 30% restricted concentrate + 30% restricted forage (D) on post-weaning body measurements and growth rates of 70 F1 rabbits. Body weight (BW), body length (BL), head-to-shoulder length (HTSL), ear length (EL) and shoulder-to-tail tip (STTT) were measured weekly from 7 to 11 weeks. The body measurements were evaluated by analysis of variance. Absolute growth and instantaneous relative growth rates were determined from linear regression equations and Brody’s model, respectively. Body measurements differed significantly (p < 0.05) among the interactions at different weeks. Higher final mean BW (1333.33 ± 60.09 g), BL (39.67 ± 0.33 cm), HTSL (11.77 ± 0.29 cm), EL (11.60 ± 0.06 cm) and STTT (37. 00 ± 0.09 cm) were recorded from the interactions of CH×CH with D, CH×NZW with B, CH×CH with D, CH×NZW with D and NZW×NZW with B, respectively. Absolute and instantaneous relative growth rates were significantly higher for BW (182.00 g/wk, 0.09), HTSL (0.63 g/wk, 0.01), EL (0.70 g/wk, 0.03) from the interaction of CH×CH with D and for BL (3.38 g/wk, 0.05) and STTT (3.43 g/wk, 0.06) from the interactions of CH×NZW with B and NZW×NZW with C, respectively. Feeding of CH×CH with D best improved growth in this study and should be recommended for profitable rabbit production.
EFFECT OF THE GUAVA AND SISSOO LEAF POWDER SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIAL BROILERS (COBB-500), BAITADI, NEPAL
Authors: Ghimire Anup , Bhattarai Dipa , Kushmi Kajol , Poudel Pratiksha
Published: February 2024

The present work was conducted to study the effect of guava and sissoo leaf powder in growth performance of Cobb-500 broiler chickens. The experiment study was carried out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). A total of 144, day-old commercial broiler poultry chick was distributed randomly into four treatment groups T1, T2, T3, and T4 each having three replications. Group T1 was considered the control in the experiment and was fed commercial feed and fresh drinking water. While Group T1- Basal diet, T2- Basal diet plus guava and sissoo leaf powder @2%, T3- Basal diet plus guava and sissoo leaf powder @4%, T4- Basal diet plus guava and sissoo leaf powder @6% respectively. Average weight gain and feed intake from the 21 days of the birds were recorded. Data and treatments mean were analyzed using the analysis of variance technique (ANOVA) and were tested with the Least Significant Difference (LSD) at P<0.05. The result showed the higher body weight in T1 and T2 followed by T4 and T3. Feed intake was higher in control and in the 2% of the grass meal than the other group of the treatment. The weight of the broiler fed with the pellet feed and the 2% has the highest gain in weight than others. This research combination of the guava and sissoo leaf powder at 2% of adding grass meal showed better performance in feed intake and weight gain. The research show the reduction in the cost of the feed by adding the grass meal. So, the diet with pelleted feed along with adding 2% of grass meal is better in this area of study.
A REVIEW ON AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF POULTRY MEAT PRODUCTION IN NEPAL
Authors: Adhikari Suman , Awasthi Prakash , Bogati Sujan , Singh Smriti
Published: February 2024

Poultry meat is one of the dynamic Agriculture subsector in Nepal which accounts about 4% of total Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This review was done to study the population, production (egg and meat) and distribution of poultry in Nepal. In order to meet the demand of poultry produce, the commercial poultry production has increased about more than double the last decade. Nepal lies at 112th position for chicken meat production of world, which is at the 92nd for egg production in world. The recent data of 2021/22 shows the poultry meat production is 65,387 tonnes growing at an average annual rate of 6.60%. The cost of production includes variable cost and fixed cost, Various investment patterns in farms their respective values and worked out the level of significance was analyzed. The analysis of net return was differed significantly with farm size with higher net return in large farm so that the result reveal that large farm has higher mass of meat production and lower feed conversion rate indicating higher profit margin with enlarge in farm size. it was concluded that the poultry Meat producing farms are profitable and they possesses high growth potentials which are achievable through increased investment and proper management of identified constraints and recommended that broiler farmers should increase their flock size, develop the skills of record keeping and feed formulation to reduce feed cost.
EVALUATING BUDGETED AND ACTUAL SALES PERFORMANCE IN THE DAIRY INDUSTRY: A CASE STUDY OF THE DAIRY DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION (DDC) IN NEPAL
Authors: Thapa Anusha , Thapa Santosh , Khadka Dekendra Man
Published: February 2024

The study aimed to evaluate the budgeted and actual sales performance in the dairy industry, specifically focusing on the case of the Dairy Development Corporation (DDC) in Nepal during 2018. A quantitative research approach was employed, utilizing a comparative analysis of financial statements spanning a nine-year period. Data extracted from the DDC’s annual reports encompassed budgeted and actual sales figures for various dairy products. Through the analysis, fluctuations in sales performance were observed, offering insights into the attainment of sales targets for milk, ghee, makhan, curd, cheese, and paneer. The findings underscored disparities between projected and realized sales, providing indications of successful or unsuccessful accomplishment of sales goals across different fiscal years. These findings fostered a deeper comprehension of budgeting and resource allocation practices within the dairy industry, empowering policymakers and stakeholders to devise strategies aimed at enhancing financial stability and performance.
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING CREDIT ACCESSIBILITY AMONG POULTRY FARMERS IN OGBOMOSO AGRICULTURAL ZONE, OYO STATE
Authors: Toluse Adeomi Damilola , Olasunbo Kafilat Jubreel , Dorcas Tolulope Fadoju
Published: February 2024

Poultry as part of livestock is an important sector in agriculture. It has been observed that there has been a continuous decline in poultry farmer’s access to credit to boost production. The purpose of this study was to analysis the factors influencing credit accessibility among poultry farmers in Ogbomoso Agricultural zone. A multistage sampling technique was used in selecting 90 poultry farmers. Primary data were collected on poultry farmer’s socioeconomic characteristics, available credit sources using a well-structured questionnaire and were analysed using descriptive and logistic regression model. The result shows that 64.4% of the respondents had access to credit with cooperative societies (51.1%) being the major source where poultry farmers get credit. Logistic regression estimates revealed that marital status, farming experience and contact with an extension agent were the significant factors influencing credit accessibility among poultry farmers. Hence, farmers should be educated on the need to organize themselves into cooperative groups, for easy contact with the extension agent through which assistance can be rendered.
MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF BROILER CHICKEN MEAT FROM DIFFERENT SLAUGHTERHOUSES OF POKHARA VALLEY
Authors: Baral Rashmi , Gurung Krishna , Bhandari Pooja , Thakuri Prashansha , Gurung Tsering Wangmo , Sharma Shristi Poudel , Thagunna Bishal
Published: February 2024

Chicken meat is a nutritious food consuming all over the world having low cost and fat content which is highly perishable with short shelf life even when refrigerated in low temperature. Microbiological assessment was done by taking samples from different slaughtered houses of different wards of Pokhara and was evaluated in the lab. To assess the hygiene quality of chicken meat slaughtered in the slaughtered house of Pokhara Valley, six chicken meat samples were taken in the present work. Different microbiological parameters such as total coliforms, fecal coliforms, total plate count, Salmonella, Shigella, and Staphylococcus aureus were examined. A survey with the help of a questionnaire was also done to assess the sanitary condition of slaughtered houses and butchers. The average value for the total plate count of the meat sample was found to be 6.3406×106 cfu/g, only one sample was found to be Salmonella positive whereas all the samples were found to be Shigella negative. Only two samples were found to be Staphylococcus aureus positive. Likewise, two samples were found to contain total coliforms and there were no any formation of fecal coliform. Based on the results obtained, the risk of contamination depends on how the meat is processed, handled and packed. From the survey, it was clear that in some slaughtered houses, chicken meat is slaughtered unhygienically and unscientifically in an unmanaged way. There is a need for strict compulsion of the meat inspection act and education about sanitation for all the employees working in it.
Maxim and Principle Contractualism
Authors: Salomon Aaron
Published: February 2024

I argue that, in order to address the ideal world problem while remaining faithful to our concept of morality, Contractualists should no longer determine which actions I must perform by seeing whether they accord with certain principles for the general regulation of behavior. Instead, I argue, Contractualists should determine whether it is right or wrong for me to perform an action by evaluating any maxim that might be reflected by my action. I call the resulting view “Maxim Contractualism.” It states that an agent’s action is morally required just in case any maxim that he might adopt that involves not performing that action is one that someone could reasonably reject. Finally, I argue that, although Act Contractualism also provides us with the materials to solve the Ideal World Problem, it is a worse solution because it cannot account for the fact that, sometimes, what would happen if I performed an action over time is relevant to whether I am permitted to perform that action right here, right now.
Dismissing Blame
Authors: Snedegar Justin
Published: February 2024

When someone blames you, you might accept the blame or you might reject it, challenging the blamer’s interpretation of the facts or providing a justification or excuse. Either way, there are opportunities for edifying moral discussion and moral repair. But another common, and less constructive, response is to simply dismiss the blame, refusing to engage with the blamer. Even if you agree that you are blameworthy, you may refuse to engage with the blame—and, specifically, with blame coming from this particular person. This is a common response if the blamer is being hypocritical or meddlesome in blaming the wrongdoer. This paper aims to make sense of this kind of response: What are we doing when we dismiss blame? A common thought is that we dismiss demands issued by blame, but we still must identify the content of the relevant demands. My proposal is that when we dismiss blame, we dismiss a demand to respond to the blame with a second-personal expression of remorse to the blamer.
Privileged Citizens and the Right to Riot
Authors: Carnes Thomas
Published: February 2024

Avia Pasternak’s account of permissible political rioting includes a constraint that insists only oppressed citizens, and not privileged citizens, are permitted to riot when rioting is justified. This discussion note argues that Pasternak’s account, with which I largely agree, should be expanded to admit the permissibility of privileged citizens rioting alongside and in solidarity with oppressed citizens. The permissibility of privileged citizens participating in riots when rioting is justified is grounded in the notions that it is sometimes necessary, in accordance with Pasternak’s necessity condition, and that it will oftentimes substantially improve the chances of successfully achieving the just aims the rioting seeks to achieve, in accordance with Pasternak’s success condition. Allowing for this improves Pasternak’s already strong account of permissible political rioting on its own terms.
Robotization prospects for subsurface irrigation and fertilization of plants
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Fedorenko V.F. 
Published: February 2024

In subsurface irrigation and fertilization, manual and mechanized hydraulic drills have the disadvantages of high labor costs and low quality of technological operations. The optimization and improvement of subsurface irrigation and fertilization using robotic technologies will provide more effective and precise impact on the root system of plants. To search for prospects and possibilities for robotizing the processes of subsurface irrigation and fertilization, the authors analyzed current trends and prerequisites for robotizing the process of subsurface irrigation. Based on scientific articles, patents, and technical reports, the authors investigated technical aspects and proposed a schematic diagram of an automated module of a robotic platform for subsurface irrigation and fertilization. Mounted on a robotic platform, the hydraulic drill is equipped with technical vision equipment for mapping and autonomous navigation in the garden, as well as a pneumatic cylinder to use the drill on heavy soils and deepen it with the use of air when necessary. The robotic device can strictly perform the given algorithm for a long time, applying water and fertilizers in a precise and accurate way. Its use can reduce labor costs and improve the quality of subsurface irrigation and fertilization. The use of robotic hydraulic drills expands the possibilities of subsurface local influence on the root system of plants, improves the soil climate, forms the architecture of the root system.
Developing the algorithm of adaptive regulation of the platform rotation speed of the carousel conveyor milking parlour
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, KIRSANOV VLADIMIR V
Published: February 2024

The productivity of the carousel (rotary) milking parlour depends on the number of milking units and the controllable rotation cycle of the platform. Continuous regulation of the platform rotation speed depending on the milking cycle of each animal standing on the platform can lead to complication of the algorithm and the control system and increased loads on the electric drive, taking into account the significant mass and inertia of the rotating platform with animals standing on it. In order to develop an algorithm for the adaptive regulation of the platform rotation speed of the conveyer milking parlour, the authors studied the cyclogram of the 36-unit carousel milking parlour with platform rotation cycles of 8, 10, 12 and 15 minutes. It was found that increasing the platform rotation cycle from 8 to 15 minutes resulted in a decrease in milk recycling from 8.75 to 0 and an increase in the average cycle productivity of the parlour from 17.5 to 26.75 cows/cycle. As the platform rotation cycle increases from 8 to 10 minutes, the average hourly productivity of the milking parlour increases from 131.25 to a maximum of 153 cows/hour. As the platform slows down to 12 and 15 min/cycle, the average hourly productivity of the milking parlour decreases to 133.5 and 107 cows/hour, respectively. The maximum value in the change of the hourly productivity is caused, on the one hand, by the increasing cyclic productivity depending on the platform rotation cycle, and, on the other hand, by its accelerated decrease caused by the corresponding decrease in the number of platform cycles for 1 h of the parlour operation. Based on the conducted research, the authors have developed an algorithm of adaptive regulation of the platform rotation speed of the carousel milking parlour, taking into account the probabilistic-statistical estimation of the complete milking time of an animal. The algorithm can be used to select the optimum platform rotation cycle and increase the milking parlour productivity from 14.65 to 42.3% (28% on average).
Automatic positioning system of wheeled robotic technical means servicing the feed table
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, NIKITIN YEVGENY А.
Published: February 2024

The quality and availability of forage on the feed table increase cow productivity. Feed availability can be ensured by increasing the length of the feed table and using robotic tools. The use of a wheeled robotized device in feed distribution increases labour productivity and reduces the influence of the human factor on the feeding process. To improve the efficiency of the feed distribution process, the author has developed and tested an automatic positioning system and a robotic device for servicing the feed table. The article presents a mathematical description of the kinematic relationships of movement of wheeled robotic devices. The author has developed an algorithm of the automatic positioning system operation, which takes into account the algorithmic connection between the electric drive actuators of the driving wheels and the vision system, where the image is processed according to the intellectual algorithm of the feeding area recognition. The author has developed the principle of constructing the route travelled by the robotic device along the feed table. Tests have confirmed the conformity of output reactions of the robotic device actuators to the input commands of the automatic positioning system.
Semi-analytical model of the interaction of a harrow disc gang with variable-depth soil
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Konstantinov Yu.V. 
Published: February 2024

The draft force of a harrow disc gang determines the specific energy cost of tillage. To minimize the cost of determining the draft force of the disc gang in relation to the harrow parameters and soil properties, the author carried out a mathematical modeling of the interaction of the harrow gang with the soil. The semi-analytical model has been built on the assumption of variable depth soil, constancy of depth, forward speed and approach angle of the harrow. It is shown that when the soil is variable only in depth, it can be characterised by two empirical constants and the coefficient of friction of the soil on the disc surface. The kinematic parameter of the disc gang, equal to the ratio of the circumferential speed on the disc blades to the forward speed of the harrow, is determined by the soil properties, the relative depth, equal to the ratio of the working depth to the radius of the discs, and the approach angle of the harrow gang. Based on the analysis of the moments of the soil resistance forces to cutting and friction, the author has shown that when the friction forces in the disc bearings in the variable depth soil are negligibly small, the disc gang of the harrow rotates at an angular speed that provides the minimum possible power of the harrow gang required for tillage. Explicit expressions are obtained for the required power and tractive force of the harrow gang as a function of the number of discs, the angle of approach of the harrow gang, the relative depth, the radius of the discs and the soil properties. Their comparison with published field experiments showed that the maximum relative error in determining the draft of a harrow gang with flat discs was 3.3% for post-harvest stubble harrowing, and 2.6% for a harrow gang with spherical discs in a tillage bin.
Decarbonization of mobile energy vehicles used in agricultural production
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, IZMAYLOV A. Y.
Published: February 2024

With the climate change, of the world’s leading countries have been carrying out the policy of decarbonization, i.e. reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The main sources of greenhouse gas emissions in agriculture are internal combustion engines of mobile power vehicles. The transition to “green” technologies is expected to reduce the amount of toxic exhaust gases the transition to “green” technologies. In this regard, the development of new environmentally friendly energy sources (hybrid electric drive, hydrogen fuel cells and batteries) is relevant for mobile power vehicles. An analysis of the prospects for the decarbonization of mobile energy vehicles, given in scientific articles and analytical reviews, showed that the use of a hybrid scheme with a diesel generator set, energy storage devices and an electric drive can only partially reduce exhaust emissions. Modern hydrogen fuel cells make it possible to obtain electrical energy without emitting harmful emissions, but they are difficult to manufacture and expensive. Batteries are the most promising energy sources for mobile power vehicles. They do not emit toxic substances during their operation, but have high energy intensity and resource. However, with mass use, it is necessary to study the issue of their reuse and disposal. The results of the conducted research have identified the main trends in the development of mobile power means. In the long term, the decarbonization of agricultural mobile energy vehicles should be carried out through the designing of energy vehicles of low power (up to 50 kW) on batteries with electric transmission or medium and high power (more than 50 kW) on hydrogen fuel cells with electric transmission.
Developing an intelligent information and consulting service for the agro-industrial sector
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Farinyuk Yu.T. 
Published: February 2024

The introduction of advanced information technologies in agriculture is facilitated by the effective organization of information and advisory services for agricultural producers. To optimize the location of information and consulting points in the region under conditions of uncertain information about the activities of agricultural producers, the authors have developed a mathematical model of the location of information and consulting points in the form of a fuzzy oriented graph. For this graph, all fuzzy sets with the highest degree of external stability are found and the minimal sets are selected from them. To minimize the fuzzy set, the logical rules of fuzzy absorption of elements of the set are used. These minimal sets determine the optimal placement of points that provide the maximum possible coverage of the area. To justify the developed method, the authors present an example of determining the territorial structure of the agro-industrial consulting points in the Tver region. The resulting solution presents a network of five information points providing a degree of service to the region of 0.9 under conditions of uncertain information about connections between points. The proposed method can be used not only in agriculture, but also in other areas where the task is to optimize the location of public service points and the provision of services. These can be repair shops, medical service points, network marketing facilities or mobile communication stations.
Distributed helium heating in the working space of an agricultural unmanned airship
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, ANDREEV S.A.
Published: February 2024

In modern agricultural production, unmanned aerial vehicles are capable of solving many tasks. It is expedient to use airships to perform long technological operations above the ground. To justify the need for the dispersed heating of helium in the working chamber of the airship, the authors considered the influence of the ratio of the volumes occupied by heated and cold helium in the working chamber of the airship, as well as the influence of the helium temperature on the lifting force. Calculations have shown that the dispersed heating of helium causes an accelerated change in its density, provides a reduction in the energy consumption for heating, and reduces the requirements for the thermal strength of the envelope. It is shown that distributed heating of helium in the whole working chamber of the airship has a number of advantages over local heating. In the proposed design of the unmanned airship, the technical implementation of the distributed heating of helium is achieved by means of an electrical heating device, the conductive elements of which are placed throughout the working chamber on supports made of light dielectric material. To increase the heating efficiency, the inner surface of the envelope is covered with a reflector made of thin basalt wool foil. The vertical maneuvering of the airship is automatically maintained by the control unit by connecting an electric heating device depending on the helium temperature and the ambient temperature.
Aspects of geopolitical and geo-economic choice of Eastern Siberia – Pacific Ocean
Authors: Сериков Павел Юрьевич
Published: February 2024

В статье показано становление, реализация и развитие отечественного мегапроекта «Трубопроводная система Восточная Сибирь – Тихий океан» (ВСТО). Представлены неизвестные научной общественности подробности, связанные со становлением проекта и с трудным выбором в его пользу, который происходил в условиях острого соперничества, затрагивавшего сферы геополитики, экономики и экологии. Рассмотрены острые вопросы, связанные с оценкой эффективности проекта и обеспечением экологической безопасности в ходе его реализации. Показаны множественные изменения, которые ВСТО, как долгосрочный проект, претерпел на различных стадиях развития. Отмечается, что сегодня ВСТО представляет собой сложноорганизованную комплексную систему, являющуюся важнейшим компонентом национальной экономики, развивающуюся в соответствии с уникальной спецификой, обладающую своими структурными особенностями и сетевой тарифной философией.

This article explores the establishment, implementation, and development of the Eastern Siberia – Pacific Ocean (ESPO) pipeline system, which is a significant national megaproject. It provides previously undisclosed information about the project's formation and the challenging decision-making process it underwent before the difficult choice was made in its favor amidst intense competition in the realms of geopolitics, economics, and ecology. The article addresses sensitive issues concerning the project's effectiveness and the measures taken to ensure environmental safety during its implementation. It highlights the numerous changes that ESPO, as a long-term project, has undergone at different stages of its development. It is noted that today ESPO stands as a large and complex system, playing a critical role in the national economy. It develops according to its own rules and possesses its own structural characteristics and network tariff philosophy.
Північно-американські деревні рослини в культурфітоценозах Волинської області
Authors: Коцун Лариса , Коцун Борис , Савчук Людмила
Published: February 2024

The inventory of cultural phytocoenoses of the Volyn region conducted in 2019-2023 revealed 53 species of North American woody plants belonging to the divisions Pinophyta and Angiospermae, 24 families and 35 genera. The families with the most species are Pinaceae, Cupressaceae, Fabaceae and Rosaceae. The richest genera are Picea and Pinus. According to their biomorphs, the woody plants studied belong to the phanerophytes (51 species) and the chamefites (2 species). Among the phanerophytes, the group of microphanerophytes is the most numerous – 26 species. There are 48 species of woody plants that are completely hardy. Only 4 species have one- to two-year-old shoots that can freeze (Abies concolor, Liriodendron tulipifera (young plants), Mahonia aquifolium, Phyladelphus grandiflorus). The leaf tips of Yucca filamentosa are damaged in cold winters. 25 species in culture are not able to reproduce independently. Only 16 species go through a complete life cycle and are capable of self-seeding. Vegetatively propagated in culture are 12 species of woody plants. The degree of naturalisation is dominated by ephecophytes that spread in anthropogenically altered areas. These include Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Acer saccarinum, Gleditsia triacanthos, Physocarpos opulifolia, Gymnocladus dioicus, Cercis canadensis, Celastrus scandens, Rhus typhina, etc. The agriophyte group includes 8 species and the colonophyte group 6 species. Agriophytes that have overcome the reproductive barrier, become fully naturalised and are able to spread from cultivated areas into semi-natural and natural phytocoenoses, altering their structure, pose a potential threat to the region's biodiversity. These include Aser negundo, Amorpha fruticosa, Robinia pseudoacacia and Padus serotina. Floristic studies of the natural habitats of Volyn Polissia carried out in recent years have shown the spread of other North American species in the forests: Quercus rubra, Aronia melanocarpa, Amaelanchier spicata.
Desarrollo de un Modelo Autónomo para el Transporte de Jóvenes de 20 a 25 Años en la Ciudad de Ambato - Ecuador, que Utilicen el Transporte Público y/o Caminen
Authors: Chávez Silva Diana Carolina , Goyes Balladares Andrea Carolina , Moya Jiménez Roberto Carlos
Published: February 2024

El desarrollo tecnológico del sector del transporte a lo largo de los años ha mostrado una constante evolución permitiendo, de una manera eficiente, mejorar el desplazamiento de las personas, reduciendo los tiempos de traslado, aumentando la capacidad de usuarios, disminuyendo la emisión de gases contaminantes con la implantación de energías alternativas e innovando en el área de la tecnología con dispositivos autónomos capaces de realizar todas las operaciones necesarias para su desplazamiento. El objetivo de este documento es presentar el proceso de desarrollo de un modelo autónomo para el transporte de jóvenes de 20 a 25 años en la ciudad de Ambato/Ecuador, como alternativa a los modos de transporte: público colectivo y peatonal. Para abordar este problema, se recopiló información a través de entrevistas con posibles usuarios potenciales, según el target de investigación, utilizando la metodología de Startup Essentials y Clientogramas para definir una propuesta de valor basada en un problema identificado que correlacione, de manera formal y estética el entorno de la ciudad. Se presenta una reflexión de los datos obtenidos de los clientes y el prototipo digital que responde a las necesidades y requerimientos de los usuarios, brindando seguridad y comodidad en los desplazamientos cotidianos, resaltando la necesidad latente en la creación de este tipo de productos.
Análisis de Vulnerabilidades en Equipos de TO de Grado Médico en el Hospital de SOLCA Núcleo de Quito
Authors: Cajamarca Méndez Gerardo Iván , Ron Gavi Mario Giovanny , Vera María Gabriela , Alvarado Figueroa María Karina , Cajamarca Albán Bryan Alexander
Published: February 2024

La importancia de la seguridad de la información que contienen los equipos médicos de un Sistema Hospitalario (SH) es primordial para el seguimiento del estado de salud del paciente. El SH se abastece de equipos cada vez más avanzados tecnológicamente por el alcance de los resultados, los mismos están conectados a la red del SH, si no hay un control adecuado en la administración pueden ser vulnerables ante ataques cibernéticos e impedir el normal funcionamiento de la red hospitalaria y comprometer el historial médico de un paciente, poniendo en riesgo su salud. Nace el interés médico, en poner bajo protección, los equipos OT (tecnología operativa), equipamiento que apoya los procesos industriales y críticos en tiempo real de un SH, para precautelar la información de un paciente. El Hospital Solca Quito, realizará un análisis de vulnerabilidades bajo la herramienta Tenable OT, obteniendo la identificación de los activos, los riesgos y acciones inmediatas, lo que permitirá trabajar de manera segura.
PRODUKTIVITAS ALAT TANGKAP PURSE SEINE PADA RUMPON PORTABLE DI PERAIRAN KARANG JERUK, TEGAL
Authors: Yusfiandayani Roza , Imron Mohammad , Mawardi Wazir , Baskoro Mulyono S. , Raihan Muhamad Reza , Rahmad Adrul , Aziz Ravy Nur , Wahdati Fajriyah Cahyani
Published: February 2024

Tegal merupakan salah satu Kabupaten di Jawa Tengah yang memiliki kekayaan sumber daya perikanan cukup besar. Perairan Karang Jeruk merupakan salah satu perairan yang cukup strategis dalam pengembangan perikanan tangkap di Kabupaten Tegal, karena perairan ini berbatasan langsung dengan Laut Jawa sehingga memiliki potensi sumber daya ikan yang cukup melimpah. Penggunaan alat bantu rumpon portable diharapkan dapat meningkatkan hasi tangkapan nelayan sehingga memberikan solusi terhadap permasalahan penurunan hasil tangkapan yang dialami oleh nelayan purse seine perairan Karang Jeruk, Tegal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui komposisi hasil tangkapan dan menghitung produktivitas tangkapan purse seine pada rumpon portable. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan metode experimental fishing. Data hasil tangkapan dianalisis secara deskriptif untuk mengidentifikasi komposisi jenis hasil tangkapan dan jumlah masing-masing spesies ikan yang tertangkap. Produktivitas tangkapan didapatkan dengan cara membandingkan jumlah hasil tangkapan dengan lama waktu operasi penangkapan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ikan tangkapan utama purse seine terdiri dari ikan selar bentong, ikan tembang, ikan teri gelagah, ikan tongkol, dan cumi-cumi. Komposisi jenis ikan hasil tangkapan merupakan indikasi keberadaan ikan di daerah tersebut, dimana operasi penangkapan dengan purse seine dilakukan. Nilai produktivitas tangkapan memiliki nilai rata-rata 900,8 kg/setting.

Kata kunci: Karang Jeruk, produktivitas, purse seine, rumpon portable, Tegal