bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drought reduces tree growing season length but increases nitrogen resorption efficiency in a Mediterranean ecosystem
Authors: Lobo-do-Vale Raquel , Besson Cathy K. , Caldeira Maria C. , Chaves Maria M. , Pereira João S.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Mediterranean ecosystems are hotspots for climate change, as the highest impacts are forecasted for the Mediterranean region, mainly by more frequent and intense severe droughts. Plant phenology is a good indicator of species' responses to climate change. In this study, we compared phenology of cork oak trees (Quercus suber), an evergreen species, over two contrasting years, including the most severe drought (2005) since records exist. We evaluated not only the timing of occurrence of the vegetative phenophases in spring (bud development, budburst, shoot elongation, trunk growth and leaf senescence), but also their duration and intensity. We also quantified nitrogen in green and senescent leaves and assessed the nitrogen resorption efficiency. Temperature was the main driver for budburst. Nevertheless, water had a main role constraining all the other phenophases, by strongly reducing the growing season length (−48 %) and consequently tree growth. Basal area increment was the most affected growth variable (−38 %), although the rate of increase remained similar among years. Shoot elongation was reduced by −21 % yet elongation occurred at a higher rate in the dry as compared to the mild year. Leaf senescence during the bulk period was higher in the dry year, in which leaves were shed at the same rate over a longer period. Nitrogen concentration in green and senescent leaves were affected by drought and cork oak remarkably increased the nitrogen resorption efficiency (+22 %), which appears to be an adaptive trait that mitigates the limitation in nitrogen uptake by the roots during drought. Water availability was the main driver of the growing season length in this Mediterranean ecosystem, although it may also be affected by complex interplays between precipitation and temperature. Our results highlight the importance of studying different phenological metrics to improve our understanding of the ecosystems responses to climate change. The faster dynamics observed in shoot elongation, in contrast with the other phenophases, are indicative that cork oak privileges leaf area development, while all other phenophases develop at the same rate. Finally, a higher nitrogen resorption efficiency in response to drought may clearly improve tree fitness in the short-term, but will probably exert a negative feedback on the nitrogen cycle in the long-term which might affect the ecosystem functioning under the forecasted droughts.
Reconstructing past variations in environmental conditions and paleoproductivity
over the last ~ 8000 years off Central Chile (30° S)
Authors: Muñoz Práxedes , Rebolledo Lorena , Dezileau Laurent , Maldonado Antonio , Mayr Christoph , Cárdenas Paola , Lange Carina B. , Lalangui Katherine , Sanchez Gloria , Salamanca Marco , Araya Karen , Jara Ignacio , Vargas Gabriel , Ramos Marcel
Published: September 2018

Abstract. This study aims at establishing past variations of the main oceanographic and climatic features in the Central Chilean coast, using recent sedimentary records of a transitional semi-arid ecosystem susceptible to environmental forcing conditions. Coquimbo (30° S) region is characterized by dry summers and short rainfall periods during winter. The relatively wet-winter climate results from the interactions between the southern westerly winds and the South Pacific Anticyclone (SPA); in summer, the SPA moves southwards while in winter it returns to the north, allowing the passage of storm fronts. This semi-arid zone is strongly affected by variations associated with El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), caused by seasonal latitudinal changes in the SPA that produce high variability and precipitation in Chilean mid-latitudes. Sediment cores were retrieved in two bays, Guanaqueros and Tongoy, for geochemical analyses including: sensitive redox trace elements, biogenic opal, total organic carbon (TOC), diatoms, stable isotopes of organic carbon and nitrogen. The results suggest a main dry phase of high primary productivity concomitant with high fluxes of organic compounds to the bottom and suboxic-anoxic conditions in the sediments. This period reached a maximum at cal BC ~ 4500, followed by a continuous increase in wet conditions, low primary productivity and a more oxygenated environment towards the present, being remarkably stronger in the last 2000 years. We suggest that this might be associated with greater El Niño frequencies or similar conditions that increase precipitation, concomitantly with the introduction of oxygenated waters to coastal zones by the propagation of equatorial origin waves.
Wet avalanches: long-term evolution in the Western Alps under climate and human forcing
Authors: Fouinat Laurent , Sabatier Pierre , David Fernand , Montet Xavier , Schoeneich Philippe , Chaumillon Eric , Poulenard Jérôme , Arnaud Fabien
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Understanding wet avalanche intensity and the role of past environmental changes on wet avalanche occurrence is a main concern especially in the context of a warming climate and accelerated environmental mutations. Avalanches are closely related to fast cryosphere changes and may cause major threats to human society. Here, we used the sedimentary archive of the Alpine Lake Lauvitel (Lac du Lauvitel; western French Alps) to establish the first long-term avalanche record in this Alpine region. For this purpose, we used a novel CT-scan methodology that allows the precise identification of coarse material – from sand to pebble – transported to the lake and embedded within the finer continuous sedimentation. We identified a total of 166 deposits over the last 3300 yr cal. BP. In parallel, a detailed pollen analysis gave an independent record of environmental changes. Based on modern observation, lake monitoring, seismic investigations and sedimentological evidences, coarse material deposits were attributed to wet avalanche events. Our results highlight the effect of vegetation cover on the avalanche hazard while a period of strong frequency increase occurred after 780 yr cal. BP. In Lake Lauvitel, this period corresponds to a major forest clearance induced by the rise of human land use. Climate forcing on the avalanche hazard was investigated before and after the vegetation shift. On a multicentennial scale, wet avalanches preferably occur during periods of larger glacier extent, in which higher winter precipitation probably generates a sufficiently thick snow cover. On a sub-centennial scale, avalanches are more frequent during periods of relative warming, resulting in a destabilization of the same snow cover in spring season. Our results highlight as well the role of forest cover in mitigating wet snow avalanches' occurrence. In the context of predicted warmer temperatures, this study raises the question of whether a wet avalanche hazard increase may be expected in the near future especially at higher altitudes.
Climate model configurations of the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System (ECMWF-IFS cycle 43r1) for HighResMIP
Authors: Roberts Christopher D. , Senan Retish , Molteni Franco , Boussetta Souhail , Mayer Michael , Keeley Sarah P. E.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. This paper presents atmosphere-only and coupled climate model configurations of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Integrated Forecasting System (ECMWF-IFS) for different combinations of ocean and atmosphere resolution. These configurations are used to perform multi-decadal ensemble experiments following the protocols of the High Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP) and phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). These experiments are used to evaluate the sensitivity of major biases in the atmosphere, ocean, and cryosphere to changes in atmosphere and ocean resolution. All configurations successfully reproduce the observed long-term trends in global mean surface temperature. Furthermore, following an adjustment to account for drift in the subsurface ocean, coupled configurations of ECMWF-IFS realistically reproduce observation-based estimates of ocean heat content change since 1950. Climatological surface biases in ECMWF-IFS are relatively insensitive to an increase in atmospheric resolution from  ∼ 50 to  ∼ 25 km. However, increasing the horizontal resolution of the atmosphere while maintaining the same vertical resolution enhances the magnitude of a cold bias in the lower stratosphere. In coupled configurations, there is a strong sensitivity to an increase in ocean model resolution from 1 to 0.25°. However, this sensitivity to ocean resolution takes many years to fully manifest and is less apparent in the first year of integration. This result has implications for the ECMWF coupled model development strategy that typically relies on the analysis of biases in short ( < 1 year) ensemble (re)forecast data sets. The impacts of increased ocean resolution are particularly evident in the North Atlantic and Arctic, where they are associated with an improved Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, increased meridional ocean heat transport, and more realistic sea-ice cover. In the tropical Pacific, increased ocean resolution is associated with improvements to the magnitude and asymmetry of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability and better representation of non-linear sea surface temperature (SST)–radiation feedbacks during warm events. However, increased ocean model resolution also increases the magnitude of a warm bias in the Southern Ocean. Finally, there is tentative evidence that both ocean coupling and increased atmospheric resolution can improve teleconnections between tropical Pacific rainfall and geopotential height anomalies in the North Atlantic.
ENHANCING THE RESOLUTION OF URBAN DIGITAL TERRAIN MODELS USING MOBILE MAPPING SYSTEMS
Authors: Feng Y. , Brenner C. , Sester M.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) are essential surveying products for terrain based analyses, especially for overland flow modelling. Nowadays, many high resolution DTM products are generated by Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS). However, DTMs with even higher resolution are of great interest for a more precise overland flow modelling in urban areas. With the help of mobile mapping techniques, we can obtain much denser measurements of the ground in the vicinity of roads. In this research, a study area in Hannover, Germany was measured by a mobile mapping system. Point clouds from 485 scan strips were aligned and a DTM was extracted. In order to achieve a product with completeness, this mobile mapping produced DTM was then merged and adapted with a DTM product with 0.5 m resolution from a mapping agency. Systematic evaluations have been conducted with respect to the height accuracy of the DTM products. The results show that the final DTM product achieved a higher resolution (0.1 m) near the roads while essentially maintaining its height accuracy.
PREFACE
Authors: Arroyo Ohori K. , Labetski A. , Agugiaro G. , Koeva M. , Stoter J.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The annual 3D GeoInfo Conference aims at bringing together international state-of-the-art research and facilitating dialogue on emerging topics in the field of 3D geoinformation. On the 1st and 2nd of October 2018, the 13th 3D GeoInfo conference was organised at the Delft University of Technology. On this occasion, the topics included 3D data collection and modelling, reconstruction methods for 3D representation, data management for maintenance of 3D geoinformation or 3D data, applications of 3D geoinformation, and visualisation.This volume of the ISPRS Archives is composed of 9 full papers that received positive double-blind peer reviews, as well as the 24 papers that received positive double-blind reviews as abstracts and were then extended into papers. The 12 full papers with the most positive reviews were instead published in the ISPRS Annals. We hope that the papers in this special issue will inspire decision-makers, academics, engineers, computer scientists, land surveyors, urban planners, and students interested in the 3D geoinformation domain. We would like to thank all the authors, the reviewers, and the organising committee for their valuable contribution towards this publication. We would like to acknowledge that we have received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 677312 UMnD: Urban modelling in higher dimensions).
EXTENSION AND CONTEXTUALISATION FOR LINKED SEMANTIC 3D GEODATA
Authors: Métral C. , Falquet G.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The application of the linked data principles provide a simple and effective way to publish and share data on the Web. The publication of geodata on the Web bas been studied and developed for a long time, leading to the creation of geo vocabularies and ontologies as well as geographic query languages. This is also true for 3D geodata, for which multiple RDF vocabularies and OWL ontologies exist (at the building, city, or territory level). In this paper we show that at least two issues remain to be addressed to reach a satisfactory publication framework for 3D linked geodata. First, the semantic model interconnection issue is not magically solved by the creation of ontologies, it requires the careful design of interconnection and extension schemes and their management. Second, the representation of additional dimensions, such as time, level of detail, confidence level, provenance, etc. cannot be directly handled in RDF. For these two issues we propose methodologies and design patterns and show how they can actually be used to create a semantically rich representation of 3D or nD linked geodata.
A USABILITY EVALUATION OF A 3D MAP DISPLAY FOR PEDESTRIAN NAVIGATION
Authors: Aditya T. , Laksono D. , Sutanta H. , Izzahudin N. , Susanta F.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. This paper is focused to address the map display usability for finding given POI addresses in a popular urban city area. LOD 1 of 3D representations of city buildings are presented into a 2.5D map for pedestrian navigation test. This 3D map display is evaluated against familiar 2D map system on the test participants’ smartphones. 16 participants were involved in the field test. The typical walking model of a searching task that is focused only to look for a certain address of building is chosen as the way finding model during the field test. Three kinds of navigation processes i.e. self-orientation, spatial knowledge acquisition and navigation decision for searching task were evaluated for each test participant. Usability measures of 3D map-based display over 2D-map based display for pedestrian navigation were collected from test participants’ mobile devices. In addition to that, activities of test participants in terms of acceleration and orientation information are used to support analysis of pattern and trends of test participants. As the testing app is also intended to support smart city application, its ability to provide user report on complaints was also assessed. Most participants agreed with the statements in the questionnaire that were organized into three sections, i.e. addressing participants’ interaction, participants’ responses in navigation processes and crowdsensing. The results suggest that 3D map-based pedestrian navigation is more usable to be used to look for a certain address of building in central tourist area of urban city.
MODELING TREES FOR VIRTUAL SINGAPORE: FROM DATA ACQUISITION TO CITYGML MODELS
Authors: Gobeawan L. , Lin E. S. , Tandon A. , Yee A. T. K. , Khoo V. H. S. , Teo S. N. , Yi S. , Lim C. W. , Wong S. T. , Wise D. J. , Cheng P. , Liew S. C. , Huang X. , Li Q. H. , Teo L. S. , Fekete G. S. , Poto M. T.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Singapore, branded as a “City in a Garden”, has a long standing commitment to green the nation, one which has resulted in trees becoming an integral component of the urban environment. Similarly for its digital twin, Virtual Singapore, we undertake the research to automate the population of this virtual city with semantically and biologically representative trees in a CityGML (City Geography Markup Language) format. This paper presents our framework of modeling trees for Virtual Singapore, showcasing an array of methodologies in data acquisition of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and satellite images, tree extraction and quantification, and 3D tree modeling at LODs (level of details) 1, 2 and 3. The paper will also highlight challenges and chosen methodologies along with the preliminary results of this framework.
COMBINING URBAN METABOLISM METHODS AND SEMANTIC 3D CITY MODELS
Authors: Hijazi I. , Ebert V. , Donaubauer A. , Kolbe T. H.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The last decade has witnessed increasing interest in the study of urban stocks and flows. This paper provides a literature review for different studies of urban stocks and flows. The review shows that urban stocks and flows studies can be categorized according to their output and spatial resolution: The first type of studies uses a lower scale of spatial resolution and focuses on the city as one unit. The second type of studies uses a higher spatial resolution to analyze stocks and flows of sub-areas of the city and is therefore able to produce maps to visualize their results. Both types of studies can either use recent data in a non-dynamic way, or use a time series of data, which allows for the investigation of the city’s development over time. Information about input and output data per study was determined. The literature review also identifies problems associated with current studies, which are related to data availability and accuracy, assumptions, simplifications, and errors. The paper proposes that stocks and flows studies could benefit greatly from the linkage with a standardized semantic 3D city model, such as defined by the CityGML standard. Feedback on CityGML and its ADE capabilities to model urban metabolism is provided.
TOPOLOGICAL 3D ELEVATION DATA INTERPOLATION OF ASTER GDEM BASED ON CONTINUOUS DEFORMATION
Authors: Jamali A. , Castro F. A.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. In Geographic Information Science, polynomial methods such as linear estimation and non-polynomial methods including Inverse Distance Weighting and Kriging have been used for elevation data interpolation. In this paper, 3D data interpolation using linear and non-linear homotopy continuation as well as advanced polynomial interpolation methods are researched. Continuous deformations that reconstruct straight lines or algebraic curves between any pair of 3D data are presented. The implemented topological mathematical algorithm for 3D elevation data interpolation is compared to Inverse Distance Weighting and Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) methods. The presented linear and non-linear mathematical algorithms show better results compared to Inverse Distance Weighting and TIN in terms of Root Mean Square Error and L-infinity.
Circulation of the Turkish Straits System under interannual atmospheric forcing
Authors: Aydoğdu Ali , Pinardi Nadia , Özsoy Emin , Danabasoglu Gokhan , Gürses Özgür , Karspeck Alicia
Published: September 2018

Abstract. A simulation of the Turkish Straits
System (TSS) using a high-resolution, three-dimensional, unstructured mesh
ocean circulation model with realistic atmospheric forcing for the 2008–2013
period is presented. The depth of the pycnocline between the upper and lower
layers remains stationary after 6 years of integration, indicating that
despite the limitations of the modelling system, the simulation maintains its
realism. The solutions capture important responses to high-frequency
atmospheric events such as the reversal of the upper layer flow in the
Bosphorus due to southerly severe storms, i.e. blocking events, to the extent
that such storms are present in the forcing dataset. The annual average
circulations show two distinct patterns in the Sea of Marmara. When the wind
stress maximum is localised in the central basin, the Bosphorus jet flows to
the south and turns west after reaching the Bozburun Peninsula. In contrast,
when the wind stress maximum increases and expands in the north–south
direction, the jet deviates to the west before reaching the southern coast
and forms a cyclonic gyre in the central basin. In certain years, the mean
kinetic energy in the northern Sea of Marmara is found to be comparable to
that of the Bosphorus inflow.
Genesis dynamics of the Angola-Benguela Frontal Zone
Authors: Koseki Shunya , Giordani Hervé , Goubanova Katerina
Published: September 2018

Abstract. A diagnostic analysis of the climatological annual mean and seasonal cycle of the Angola Benguela Frontal Zone (ABFZ) is performed applying an ocean frontogenesis function (OFGF) to the ocean mixing layer (OML). The OFGF reveals that meridional confluence and the vertical tilting terms are the most dominant contributors to the frontogenesis of the ABFZ. The ABFZ shows a well-pronounced semi-annual cycle with two maximum (minimum) peaks in April–May and November–December (February–March and July–August). The development of the two maxima of frontogenesis is due to two different physical processes: enhanced tilting form March to April and the meridional confluence from September to October, respectively. The strong meridional confluence in September–October is closely related to the seasonal southward intrusion of tropical warm water to the ABFZ that seems to be associated with the development of the Angola Dome northwestern of the ABFZ. The strong tilting effect from March to April is attributed to the meridional gradient of vertical velocities whose effect is amplified in this period due to increasing stratification and shallow OML depth. The proposed OFGF can be viewed as a tool to diagnose the performance of CGCMs that generally fail in simulating realistically the position of the ABFZ, which leads to huge warm biases in the southeastern Atlantic.
Intelligent Class Scheduler in Kathmandu University
Authors: Rabin Shrestha Gajendra Sharma
Published: September 2018

Imagine the University where everything runs smoothly, there is no need to worry about information that needs to be known where the University shares all information in your ear. Imagine that you know every location of your University and the schedules are relevant. This research focuses on the problem faced by Kathmandu University (KU) students while searching for their lecture room and managing their class schedule. This research is carried out for proposing knowledge portal for an intelligent class scheduling and location directing on the central campus of KU. The quest of the information world to make everyday easier has driven us to come up with the concept of such an app and this research consists of role of knowledge management for the development of an application by sharing and exchange of information between individuals and the administration. The university will be benefited in at least a small way through the paper.
The Chiastic Structure of Seven Signs in the Gospel of John: Revisiting a Neglected Proposal
Authors: Crowe Brandon D.
Published: September 2018

Six signs in the Gospel of John are commonly recognized, but much less agreement has emerged on the total number and identity of the Johannine signs. In this article, I revisit the number and structure of signs in John, drawing on an often-neglected article from Marc Girard. Girard argued for seven signs in John, arranged in a chiastic pattern. Though modifications to Girard’s structure are needed, his argument has much to commend it and deserves a fresh hearing. Building on Girard’s structure, I argue that the “lifting up” or “glorification” of the Son is the seventh sign, and the pivot of the chiasm is found in the feeding of the multitudes in the wilderness, which underscores the centrality of abiding in the Son through faith.
Experimentenwet: carte blanche verdient nadere overweging
Authors: Ingelse P.
Published: September 2018

Experimentenwet: carte blanche verdient nadere overweging

Tot 1 juni lag een wetsvoorstel Experimentenwet rechtspleging ter consultatie voor. Volgens dit voorstel krijgt de regering met het oog op innovatie van de rechtspraak voor onbepaalde tijd de bevoegdheid om bij AMvB te experimenteren met het Nederlands burgerlijk procesrecht. Concreet wordt onder meer gedacht aan experimenten met een eenvoudige procedure voor het MKB, met een deskundige lekenrechter naast de gewone rechter en met een harmonieuze alternatieve echtscheidingsprocedure. De experimenten moeten blijven binnen de grenzen van EU-recht, verdragen en de fundamentele beginselen van procesrecht, maar verder is de bevoegdheid vrijwel ongeclausuleerd.

Het is de vraag of deze bevoegdheid strookt met (de strekking van) de Grondwet en past binnen de staatrechtelijke verhoudingen. De bevoegdheid is hoe dan ook te ruim doordat het experimenten mogelijk maakt en ook daadwerkelijk beoogt die de verwezenlijking van burgerlijke rechten en verplichtingen – tegen de wil van (een van) partijen – kan aantasten.

De wetgever moet zich driemaal bedenken voordat hij een dergelijke twijfelachtige en grotendeels onnodige carte blanche in handen van de AMvB-regelgever speelt.

Dat neemt niet weg dat de rechtspraak er zeker naar moet streven de civiele procedure eenvoudiger, sneller, flexibeler en effectiever te maken, waar nodig en aanvaardbaar met experimenten. Nog lang niet alle inventiviteit en creativiteit is uitgeput. Die experimenten hebben echter alleen zin, indien de financiële middelen worden verschaft om de consequenties te trekken uit een geslaagd experiment.
De modernisering van het getuigenverhoor
Authors: Verkerk R.R.
Published: September 2018

De modernisering van het getuigenverhoor

Deze bijdrage ziet op het verhoor van getuigen in het civiele proces. Het bespreekt een recent wetsvoorstel om het getuigenbewijs te moderniseren
Het onderzoek in de enquêteprocedure
Authors: de Groot G.
Published: September 2018

Het onderzoek in de enquêteprocedure

Deze bijdrage bevat een bespreking van het proefschrift van R.M. Hermans over het onderzoek in de enquêteprocedure.
Irena Sendlerowa – etos służby społecznej
Authors: Smolińska-Theiss Barbara
Published: September 2018

Irena Sendlerowa sytuuje się w gronie najwybitniejszych postaci polskiej pracy społecznej. Na to miano zasłużyła, ratując dzieci żydowskie z warszawskiego getta. To niewątpliwie heroiczne działanie w sytuacji skrajnej jest odbiciem formacji społecznej i zawodowej, którą Sendlerowa zdobyła w gronie wychowanków Studium Pracy Społeczno-Oświatowej Wolnej Wszechnicy Polskiej. Była to unikalna edukacja i praktyka społeczno-zawodowa łącząca kompetencje zawodowe z postawą społeczną – profesjonalizm z etosem służby społecznej.
Psychologia nadziei w działalności społecznej Ireny Sendlerowej (1910–2008)
Authors: Smoleń Jerzy
Published: September 2018

Nadzieja to istotny składnik życia człowieka. Trudno budować codzienność bez nadziei na lepsze jutro. Niniejszy artykuł prezentujący psychologię nadziei w działalności społecznej Ireny Sendlerowej, która razem z innymi w czasie drugiej wojny światowej (1939–1945) uratowała ok. 2500 dzieci żydowskich, składa się ze wstępu, dwóch punktów, w których zostały omówione następujące zagadnienia: 1) na podstawie struktury nadziei Józefa Kozieleckiego zaprezentowano składniki tworzące nadzieję aktywną: poznawczy, emocjonalny, temporalny, afiliatywny, sprawczy. Składniki te skonfrontowane zostały z życiem i działalnością Ireny Sendlerowej; 2) zostały opisane źródła nadziei Ireny Sendlerowej, a więc: 1 – doświadczenia z dzieciństwa, a zwłaszcza piękno atmosfery rodzinnego domu w którym była ogromna otwartość na drugiego człowieka, a zwłaszcza na człowieka w potrzebie; 2 – pewność w sobie, a nie pewność siebie Ireny Sendlerowej, co miało istotny wpływ i przełożenie na powodzenie podejmowanych działań; 3 – wiara, która nigdy nie była manifestowaną stroną Sendlerowej, a jednak możemy przypuszczać, że była dla niej siłą, milczącym oparciem w działaniu, o czym świadczą chociażby jej słowa: „Kiedyś znalazłam w sienniku mały zniszczony obrazek z napisem Jezu ufam Tobie! Ukryłam go i miałam cały czas przy sobie” (Mieszkowska, 2005, s. 200). Nie ulega wątpliwości, że Irena Sendlerowa może być wyjątkowym przykładem tego, jak ważną rolę w życiu człowieka pełni nadzieją i jak wiele człowiek może zdziałać, kiedy nią żyje na co dzień.
Moral vertigo, moral panic, and moral disengagement – searching for handy notions to examine the migrant crisis in Europe
Authors: Zdrenka Marcin
Published: September 2018

The article is an introductory attempt to find in the vocabulary of ethics and related disciplines such notions that would be able to become descriptive tools for the migrant crisis in Europe. The adopted perspective to tinker on the notions allows to traverse the narrow frames of theoretical ethics and reach for other resources. The paper contains a preliminary analysis of the notions of moral vertigo, moral panic, and moral disengagement, as well as an overview of potential benefits and problems stemming from using those terms.
A Q-Probes Study Involving Utilization of Free Prostate-Specific Antigen, Factor V Leiden, and Hepatitis A Serology Tests
Authors: Schifman Ron B. , Perrotta Peter L. , Souers Rhona , Blond Barbara J.
Published: September 2018

Context.—

Managing the utilization of laboratory tests is an important quality improvement activity that adds value to health care.

Objective.—

To examine utilization of 3 laboratory tests and identify factors that impact performance.

Design.—

Test utilization performance was evaluated by determining the frequency with which appropriate preconditions for testing were met. This included 30 testing episodes each involving (1) free prostate-specific antigen (PSA) when total PSA was within an appropriate interpretable range, (2) total anti–hepatitis A virus antibody when previous anti–hepatitis A virus antibody results were either negative or not done, and (3) factor V Leiden mutation when a previous result was not already available. Participants also provided information regarding some of their utilization policies and procedures for these 3 tests.

Results.—

The overall frequency with which testing criteria were met was 20.6% (163 of 790), 91.5% (649 of 709), and 95.2% (799 of 839) for free PSA, anti–hepatitis A virus antibody, and factor V Leiden, respectively. Utilization review was infrequent and done by 20.7% (6 of 29) of participants for factor V Leiden, 3.6% (1 of 28) for anti–hepatitis A virus antibody, and 3.6% (1 of 28) for free PSA. No practice or demographic characteristics were significantly associated with utilization performance for any test.

Conclusions.—

Utilization review was infrequent for the 3 tests examined. Variable amounts of unnecessary testing were observed for all tests, most frequently for free PSA, for which reporting results carried the added risk of diagnostic error from misinterpretation of results.
The Route and Purpose of Champlain’s Journey to the Petun in 1616
Authors: Garrad Charles
Published: September 2018

The route taken by Samuel de Champlain and party in 1616, during which he encountered Cheveux-relevés-Odawa and Petun-Wyandot peoples, and also some visiting Neutrals, is again considered. Previous conclusions are confirmed. That Champlain’s purpose was to proceed to the Neutrals, and possibly further to China, and his reasons for not doing so, are suggested.
“We were having a lot of fun at the photographers”
Authors: Bell Amy
Published: September 2018

This article uses the photographic examples from a small female college to explore the use of photography as a social practice in late Victorian female colleges. It argues that photographs of students worked as both frames and surfaces: framing the visual details of their daily lives, while simultaneously allowing them a surface on which to fashion self-portraits. The photographs of Hellmuth Ladies’ College demonstrate the multiple arenas of late Victorian educational experience, the idealistic and aesthetic links between female educational institutions in the circum-Atlantic World, and the importance of school photographs to Canada’s photographic history.
A Danger and a Nuisance
Authors: Los Christopher
Published: September 2018

In the early twentieth century public opposition to uncontrolled automobile driving pushed successive provincial governments to construct extensive regulatory frameworks around cars. This article will analyze the extensive legislative and common law changes brought about in Ontario from 1903-12 as a window through which to view wider social attitudes towards technology, the state, and government regulation. At first glance restrictions on cars appear to be no more than reactionary measures to appease particular segments of the population. But they can also be seen as a form of opposition to rapid industrialization and the ever-increasing power of technology, and as examples of a growing faith in state power, and a desire to see anti-moral and anti-social behaviour more aggressively policed. Motor vehicle regulation was part of the complex social and political conflicts that characterized progressive-era Ontario.
Not Guilty, but Guilty
Authors: Beausaert Rebecca
Published: September 2018

In 1882, an accused, elderly African-Canadian woman—a former slave and known midwife, healer, and abortionist in the town of Woodstock, Ontario—was implicated in the death of a younger White woman, allegedly from a botched abortion. The article focuses on the ways the accused was viewed by the local media, specifically references to her race, age, and “suspect” knowledge of medical practices. Tried in a court of law and found not guilty, the press nevertheless declared themselves “morally certain” of her guilt and attempted to sway public opinion in a way that brought race to the forefront. The trial and its aftermath raise a number of important questions regarding socially-constructed configurations of race, gender, justice, rumour, and respectability in a nineteenth-century Ontario town chiefly populated by Anglo-Celtic Protestants.
Turning ‘Space’ into ‘Place’ with Food
Authors: Hough Evans Jennifer
Published: September 2018

This article on food, identity, and place-making, examines the lives of twelve immigrant women in post-1945 North Bay, Ontario. It demonstrates how these women, as they navigated their way through kitchen and grocery store spaces, negotiated their sense of place, in connection with their identities, their memories brought from home, and their material contexts.
Grand Duke Alexis Visits Canada
Authors: Farrow Lee A.
Published: September 2018

In 1871-1872, Grand Duke Alexis of Russia visited the United States and Canada over a period of three months, stopping in all the major cities of both countries and visiting sites like Niagara Falls. While in the United States, reception of the Duke was gushing and extravagant, his reception in Canada was much more subdued. While the extremely cold weather and the illness of the Prince of Wales explains some of this difference, it is also true that Canadians (and their British protectors) viewed the Russian-American friendship with trepidation and this influenced public reaction to the young Russian. British and Canadian newspapers followed the Grand Duke's progress through the United States, commenting in particular on American toadyism and hypocrisy in fawning over royalty, and suggesting that Canadians would take a different approach. Given the various calls for annexation from American politicians, and America's recent purchase of Alaska, it is understandable why Canadians and their British brethren might be concerned about the Russian-American friendship and underlying purpose of the Grand Duke's visit.
Cast Down, But Not Forsaken
Authors: Worsfold Elliot
Published: September 2018

This study seeks to reassess the notion that German-Canadians in Ontario were “silent victims” during the Second World War by exploring the wartime experience and memory of German-Canadian Lutheran congregations in Oxford and Waterloo Counties. Far from silent, Lutheran pastors initiated several strategies to ensure their congregants did not face discrimination and internment as they had during the First World War. These strategies encompassed several reforms, including eliminating German language church services and embracing English-Canadian symbols and forms of post-war commemoration. However, these reforms were often met with resistance and ambivalence by their congregations, thereby creating a conversation within the German-Canadian Lutheran community on how to reconcile its Germanic and Lutheran heritage with waging a patriotic war. While previous studies have primarily focused on identity loss, this study suggests that the debates that occurred within these Lutheran churches were representative of the community’s German-Canadian hyphenated identity.
An Inspector Calls
Authors: Bruce Lorne
Published: September 2018

Angus McGill Mowat was an inspirational voice for public library work during the Great Depression. In 1937, after he became Inspector of Public Libraries in the Ontario Department of Education, he helped revive spirits and raise service ambitions in smaller rural libraries. Building on the “modern library” concept popularized after the First World War, he re-energized trustees, librarians, and library workers with hundreds of visits to promote local efforts before 1939. His inspections encompassed the advisement of trustees on management and financial processes; the promotion of librarianship and staff training; the improvement of collections and services for adults and children; the reorganization of functional building space; the formation of county systems; and support for new public school curriculum reading reforms. Although warfare interrupted his work, Mowat’s wide-ranging inspection method brought renewed optimism and laid the groundwork for genuine progress in the provincial public library system after 1945.
Alexander Campbell (1822-1892)
Authors: Martin Ged
Published: September 2018

Although he was a father of Confederation, Alexander Campbell (1822-1892) is generally overshadowed by John A. Macdonald, whose law partner he was from 1843 to 1849, and whom he served for the first twenty years of the Dominion as Conservative party leader in the Senate, before retiring to become Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario in 1887. In fact, Campbell’s participation in public life was an achievement, since he suffered from impairment of mobility and was also subject to epileptic attacks. His marriage in England in 1855 to Frederica Sandwith broke up when she returned to Europe in 1871. She was later certified as insane and spent several years in asylums. Victorian reticence generally prevented open allusion to the difficulties of Campbell’s private life. The accidental death by shooting of his younger son in 1886, initially interpreted as suicide, prompted a few journalists to lift the veil and provide clues which this article traces back into the sparse archival record.
Women, Marriage and Property in Upper Canada
Authors: Pétrin Guylaine
Published: September 2018

This article explores how one illiterate woman in Upper Canada, Elizabeth Sanders, used the few legal tools that were at her disposal to deal with a bad marriage and to protect her property for her daughters. Her social standing, her property and, even more importantly, the support of her family, allowed her to have access to and use the very deficient Upper Canadian justice system to deal successfully with a bad marriage. This study shows that even illiterate women could and did use the law to their advantage.
“My tongue, my own thing”: Reading Sanaaq
Authors: Henitiuk Valerie
Published: September 2018

Mitiarjuk, who has been called the “accidental Inuit novelist” (Martin, 2014), began writingSanaaqin the mid-1950s and was “discovered” in the late 1960s by a doctoral student of Claude Lévi-Strauss. Bernard Saladin d’Anglure took up this text as his anthropology thesis topic, guided its completion, arranged for its 1984 publication in Inuktitut syllabics, and in 2002 published a French translation; his own former student, Peter Frost, has recently (2013) translated the French version into English. Without the training and tools that would equip an outsider to appreciate Inuit writing and the oral traditions from which it arises, and to judge it on its own merits, scholarly assessment by other than specialist anthropologists or ethnographers has often been felt to be beyond the reach of southerners. Nonetheless, a younger generation of literary scholars such as Keavy Martin, inspired by the work of J. Edward Chamberlin, Robert Allen Warrior and Craig Womack, are working to redress such attitudes. Bringing to bear for the first time the perspective of translation studies, this paper will suggest some ways we can move from ethnography’s purported aim of a systematic study of people and cultures to a rigorous and ethical study of these translated texts, reading them explicitlyasliterature, as well as (and perhaps more importantly)asliterary translations.
« Nous les femmes » de 1970 à 2017 à travers les traductions et adaptations de Our Bodies, Ourselves en français
Authors: Bessaïh Nesrine , Bogic Anna
Published: September 2018

Le présent article se penche sur les traductions et adaptations françaises du classique féministeOur Bodies, Ourselves(OBOS) publié aux États-Unis en 1971. Nous explorons la diversité du « nous » dans l’expression « nous les femmes » à travers trois traductions et adaptations deOBOSréalisées dans des environnements francophones qui diffèrent par l’époque et la situation géopolitique. Nous postulons que ces projets de traduction témoignent des tentatives de représentations de la diversité du « nous » en recourant à la réflexivité et l’intersectionnalité, deux approches qui invitent les traductrices à réfléchir à leur propre posture vis-à-vis des autres femmes et à reconnaître les rapports de pouvoir inégaux qui peuvent exister entre elles. Dans la première partie de l’article, nous présentons les origines deOBOSavant de nous pencher sur les versions françaises réalisées respectivement en France et au Sénégal. Dans la deuxième partie, nous traitons de l’intersectionnalité, de son développement au sein du mouvement des femmes au Québec et de son rôle clé dans le processus d’adaptation adopté par la collective de militantes qui travaille actuellement au Québec à une nouvelle adaptation deOBOS. L’engagement des traductrices envers la réflexivité et l’intersectionnalité montre leur volonté de prendre en considération les rapports de pouvoir inégaux entre des femmes qui occupent différentes postures face au « nous les femmes ». De plus, le cas deOBOSillustre une approche de la traduction où la fidélité ne se mesure pas à l’aune de la retransmission exacte du texte; il s’agit plutôt d’une approche redevable au message et au projet politique d’une reprise de pouvoir des femmes sur leur vie.
La souveraineté peut-elle se transférer? Les enseignements de la traduction du traité de Waitangi (1840)
Authors: Lemieux René
Published: September 2018

L’objectif de cet article est d’interroger le concept de souveraineté hérité de la modernité européenne à partir de sa « traduction » en maori dans le traité de Waitangi conclu en 1840 entre les chefs maoris d’Aotearoa (Nouvelle-Zélande) et l’Empire britannique. Le concept de souveraineté est difficilement traduisible en maori puisqu’il ne possède pas d’équivalent direct. Le termekawanatangachoisi par le missionnaire-traducteur Henry Williams n’est qu’une translittération du mot anglaisgovernorauquel le suffixe-tangaa été ajouté; ce terme rend mal l’idée du pouvoir absolu du souverain. Est-ce une « mauvaise » traduction pour autant? Henry Williams était-il incompétent? A-t-il plutôt voulu sciemment tromper les Maoris, comme le laissent entendre certains chercheurs? Le concept était-il lui-même intraduisible? Lorsqu’on analyse la traduction du termesouveraineté, on découvre qu’il n’y a pas d’équivalence formelle préétablie avant sa réalisation et que la souveraineté ne se transfère pas, mais se performe. Le contenu du concept est ainsi isomorphe à sa production : la souveraineté est une performance, et la traduction comme opération de création de termes participe à son actualisation. En utilisant un terme étranger mais profane pour rendre le concept, Henry Williams, sans peut-être le vouloir ou en être conscient, refuse la souveraineté dans son abstraction et, ce faisant, résiste aux tentatives de sceller l’interprétation du texte dans une unicité souveraine. Vue sous ce nouvel angle, la traduction de Williams participerait d’une « pensée sauvage » au sens de l’anthropologue Pierre Clastres, instituant une relativité toujours vulnérable, mais essentielle dans la perspective d’une traduction postcoloniale.
Study on a Composite Patch Antenna Based on Left Handed Material with Near Zero Index
Authors: Wang Jijun , Zhu Zhipan , Zhang Yanrong , Gong Leilei , Fang Yuntuan
Published: September 2018

In this paper, a composite patch antenna based on lefthanded material (LHM) with near zero index (NZI) is presented.This composite patch antenna is designed by assembling splitresonant rings (SRRs) and metal strips on the substrates. Thismultilayer composite structure results in a metamaterial with NZInear 13.89 GHz. A method of finite difference time domain(FDTD) is used. The results show that the composite antenna’sgain improves 0.61 times, and its bandwidth adds 2.95 timescompared to the conventional antenna’s ones. The results indicatethat this composite patch antenna system can reduce return loss ofthe antenna and increase the gain obviously.
New Single VDCC-based Explicit Current- Mode SRCO Employing All Grounded Passive Components
Authors: Prasad Dinesh , Bhaskar D. R. , Srivastava M.
Published: September 2018

This paper proposes a new single resistancecontrolled sinusoidal oscillator (SRCO) which employs only onevoltage differencing current conveyor (VDCC), two groundedresistors and two grounded capacitors. The presented circuitconfiguration offers the following advantageous features (i)explicit current-mode output with independent control ofcondition of oscillation (CO) and frequency of oscillation (FO) (ii)low active and passive sensitivities and (iii) a very good frequencystability. The proposed structure can also be configured as (a)trans-admittance low pass filter and band pass filter and (b)quadrature oscillator. The validity of the proposed SRCO,quadrature oscillator and trans-admittance low pass filter andband pass filter has been verified by PSPICE simulations usingTSMC CMOS 0.18μm process model parameters.
Fast carrier recovery in FHSS systems with DDS based Costas loop
Authors: Šajić Slavko
Published: September 2018

Owing to fast change of carrier frequency, the usageof coherent demodulation methods in Frequency-Hopping SpreadSpectrum (FHSS) communication systems is limited by thecoherent state acquisition performed by the local oscillator. Toget around this difficulty, it is needed to implement the circuitwithin the FHSS system that is able to rapidly generate acoherent carrier. The work presented in this paper proposes arealization of Costas loop based on a combination of DirectDigital Synthesis (DDS), (Temperature-Compensated) Voltage-Controlled Oscillator ((TC)VCXO), and Phase-Locked Loop(PLL), which in particular enables a short period (less than 100μs) required for a local oscillator to reach the coherent state. Theimplemented model is thoroughly described with measurementsresults also provided.