bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative theoretical analysis between parallel and perpendicular geometries for 2D particle patterning in photovoltaic ferroelectric substrates
Authors: Arregui C. , Ramiro J. B. , Alcázar A. , Méndez A. , Muñoz-Martínez J. F. , Carrascosa M.
Published: June 2015

This paper describes the dielectrophoretic potential created by the evanescent electric field acting on a particle near a photovoltaic crystal surface depending on the crystal cut. This electric field is obtained from the steady state solution of the Kukhtarev equations for the photovoltaic effect, where the diffusion term has been disregarded. First, the space charge field generated by a small, square, light spot where d ≪ l (being d a side of the square and l the crystal thickness) is studied. The surface charge density generated in both geometries is calculated and compared as their relation determines the different properties of the dielectrophoretic potential for both cuts. The shape of the dielectrophoretic potential is obtained and compared for several distances to the sample. Afterwards other light patterns are studied by the superposition of square spots, and the resulting trapping profiles are analysed. Finally the surface charge densities and trapping profiles for different d/l relations are studied.
Kinematic evaluation of the whiffletree lateral support setup and its application for the mirror support of the TMT tertiary mirror
Authors: Fu-guo W. , Linmin Z. , Jin X.
Published: June 2015

With increasing size of the reflecting mirror apertures in telescopes, the lateral support is becoming more and more important. In order to find a setup satisfying the requirements for the TMT tertiary mirror, based on the classic three-point flexure support setup, a twelve-point lateral support setup was investigated its basic internal relations and properties were investigated. The virtual equivalent circle concept is then proposed to evaluate different potential setups. By studying the relationship between the virtual equivalent circle radius and the thermal deformation and resonant frequency, it can be concluded that a larger virtual equivalent circle radius results in a smaller the thermal deformation and a higher resonant frequency. Preliminary research results suggested that the TMT tertiary mirror surface figure error and thermal deformation requirements can easily be met. However, it was more difficult to obtain resonant frequencies higher than 15 Hz. Based on the virtual equivalent circle concept, the TMT tertiary mirror support setup was optimized, resulting in a resonant frequency of 17.7 Hz, which satisfies the requirements. The whiffletree lateral support setup can be applied to similar reflecting mirror support structures.
Improvement of performance and stability of polymer photovoltaic cells by WO3/CuPc as anode buffer layers
Authors: Varnamkhasti M. G. , Shahriaria E.
Published: June 2015

In this work, bulk-hetrojunction polymer photovoltaic cells based on poly-(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT): [6, 6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) were fabricated with tungsten oxide (WO3) and copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) as anodic buffer layers. The WO3 plays an important role in reducing the interfacial resistance, efficiently extracting holes and good band structure matching between the work function of the anode and the highest occupied molecular orbital of the organic material. The insertion of CuPc improves the device performance and expands the absorption spectra range of the photovoltaic devices. The effects of WO3 and CuPc thickness on the performance of the photovoltaic devices were investigated. The optimum thicknesses of WO3 and CuPc were 10 nm and 8 nm, respectively. The obtained power conversion efficiency of optimized cell was about 4.21%. Also, the device performance was analyzed based on the surface roughness of bare ITO and ITO that was covered with poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) or WO3/CuPc. The device stability in an ambient atmosphere without encapsulation under continuous light irradiation was also investigated. For the cell with PEDOT:PSS, the power conversion efficiency reduced down to 50% of the maximum value (half-life) after light irradiation for 12 h, while the half-life of device for WO3/CuPc was about 120 h. Therefore, the lifetime of unpackaged devices was improved with WO3/CuPc.
Development of a spectrometer for airborne measurement of droplet sizes in clouds
Authors: Porcheron E. , Lemaitre P. , Van Beeck J. , Vetrano R. , Brunel M. , Grehan G. , Guiraud L.
Published: June 2015

The objective of this article is to present the development and the validation in flight of an airborne probe that can measure in clouds the size of droplets whose diameters are in the range [20 μm; 200 μm].
Near-infrared light absorption and scattering based on a mono-layer of gold nanoparticles
Authors: Soltanmoradi R. , Wang Q. , Qiu M. , Popov S. , Yan M.
Published: June 2015

We report fabrication and characterization of large-area ultrathin near-infrared light absorbers and scatterers based on a mono-layer of gold nanoparticles laying on top of a dielectric spacer and an aluminum reflector. The nanoparticles are formed through thermal annealing of an evaporated continuous gold film. Through optimization of initial gold-film thickness, spacer thickness, as well as annealing temperature we obtained samples that exhibit very low (~2%) broadband specular reflectance at near-infrared (NIR) wavelength range. By considering also diffuse reflection, we identify that the low specular reflectance can be due to either relatively high light absorption (~70%) or high light scattering (over 60%), with the latter achieved for samples having relatively sparse gold nanoparticles. Both strong absorption and scattering of NIR light are not inherent properties of the bulk materials used for fabricating the samples. Such composite optical surfaces can potentially be integrated to solar-energy harvesting and LED devices.
Correction for mapping errors in non-null test of aspheric surface
Authors: Weibo W. , Mengqian Z. , Siwen Y. , Zhigang F. , Jian L.
Published: June 2015

The non-null testing methods have the potential to allow measurement of aspheric surfaces with large departures from a reference sphere. In a non-null configuration, the ray will return along a different path and interfere with a different reference ray. This difference in “mapping” between the test and reference rays creates an additional optical path difference (OPD) contribution, which causes test part errors to be mapped to the wrong location. To correct the mapping errors in non-null test of aspheric surface, correction method are proposed by ray trace and wave-front analysis. Experiments are carried out to illustrate the effectiveness of this approach. The methods can work well, despite large deviation between the theoretic value of the aspheric and the reference wave-front.
Enhancements on multi-exposure LASCA to reveal information of speed distribution
Authors: Zölei-Szénási D. , Czimmer S. , Smausz T. , Domoki F. , Hopp B. , Kemény L. , Bari F. , Iványi I.
Published: June 2015

Laser Speckle Contrast Analysis (LASCA) has been proven to be a highly useful tool for the full-field determination of the blood perfusion of a variety of tissues. Some of the major advantages of this technique are its relatively high spatial and temporal resolution as well as its good or excellent accordance to Doppler systems. However, traditionally it is only able to report a single characteristic speed regarding to the actual range of interest. This might be misleading if multiple characteristic speeds are present (e. g. tremor and perfusion in skin) or if several kinds of tissues are mixed (e. g. parenchyma and vessels in brain). Here we present two relatively simple extensions of LASCA for these problems. The application of multiple autocorrelation functions (combined with the usage of multiple exposure times) can help in the separation of multiple characteristic speeds. We also present a useful method for the separation of information those originate from a mixture of different tissues. The latter method can be also implemented to single-exposure systems.
Prevalence of Syphilis among People living with HIV (PLHIV) attending a tertiary care hospital in coastal south India
Authors: Madi Deepak , Achappa Basavaprabhu , Vernakar Poonam , Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan , Ramapuram John T , Mahalingam Soundarya
Published: June 2015

Background: Syphilis and HIV are both transmitted sexually so people can be infected with both diseases. Co-infection of syphilis and HIV alters the course of both the diseases. Venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) test is a non-treponemal test, used commonly in Antiretroviral Therapy Centres (ART) in India to detect syphilis. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of syphilis in HIV-infected patients attending a tertiary care hospital using VDRL test. Materials and Methods: Using a cross-sectional study design 113 HIV positive patients were included. VDRL test was used to screen for syphilis. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 11.5. Results: Among the 113 patients screened 69(61%) were males and 44(39%) were females. Majority of the patients had acquired the disease through heterosexual transmission (92.9%). VDRL test was negative in all 113 patients. Conclusion: The seroprevalence of syphilis in coastal South India using VDRL is very less. Specific tests like Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody Absorption test (FTA-ABS) or Treponema pallidum hemagglutination Assay (TPHA) would be beneficial to detect asymptomatic syphilis in ART centers.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i6.11623  Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(6) 2015 77-79
A study of inducible clindamycin resistance in erythromycin resistant clinical isolates of Staphylococcus species
Authors: Khan Fatima , Ali Sana , Sultan Asfia , Rizvi Meher , Khatoon Abida , Shukla Indu , Khan Haris M
Published: June 2015

Introduction: Erythromycin resistant Staphylococcus isolates with inducible resistance appear sensitive to clindamycin in in?vitro sensitivity testing. If clindamycin is used for treatment of such isolates, selection for constitutive mutants may lead to clinical failure. Current study was conducted to detect the presence of inducible clindamycin resistance in erythromycin resistant Staphylococcus isolates by disk diffusion method (D test). To correlate clindamycin resistance phenotypes with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of clindamycin, erythromycin, oxacillin and vancomycin among the isolates. To correlate various resistance phenotypes with methicillin resistance. Material and Methods: 150 non duplicate isolates of Staphylococcus species were identified and antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method. MICs were determined using E?test for oxacillin, vancomycin, clindamycin and erythromycin using E?test strips (Himedia) Results: Among 150 staphylococcus clinical isolates, 96 were of S. aureus and 54 were coagulase negative Staphylococci (CONS). About 81.2% of the S.aureus isolates and 72.2% of the CONS were found to be methicillin resistant. Inducible clindamycin resistance was found in 39.3% of the isolates, constitutive resistance phenotype in 48% while 12.7% demonstrated MS phenotype. 18% and 11.3% of all the isolates had MICs for clindamycin between 0.01?0.06 μg/ml and 0.06?0.1 respectively. 12.5% had MIC ranging from 4?8 μg/ml while 58% had MIC > 8 μg/ml. Constitutive resistant phenotype (cMLS) was the predominant phenotype in methicillin resistant isolates. MS phenotype was the predominant among MSSA (methicillin sensitive S. aureus) while MSCNS (methicillin sensitive CONS) cMLS (46.7%) predominated. MIC of all erythromycin resistant isolates were ≥ 240 μg/ml. Nearly 16.7% of the cMLS and 57.9% of MS isolates were found to be oxacillin sensitive and 83% of iMLS and 83.3% of MS phenotype isolates were oxacillin resistant on MIC testing. 47.2% of cMLS and 73.6% of MS isolates had MIC ≤ 2 μg/ml for vancomycin and 52.7% of cMLS and 26.3% of MS isolates had MICs in intermediate range for vancomycin. Conclusions: D?testing might help clinicians to decide whether to use clindamycin in Staphylococcal infections when erythromycin resistance is present. Determination of MICs help to identify exact sensitivity profile of isolates in cases where clinical failure occurs due to misleading disk diffusion tests.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i6.11811 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(6) 2015 48-52
The diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary valve stenosis in children
Authors: Yadav Shiv Kumar
Published: June 2015

Pulmonary valve stenosis (PS) is a common congenital heart disease, its early diagnosis and treatment can improve growth and prognosis in children with pulmonary valve stenosis. With the development of the diagnostics and treatment, percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty (PBPV) has replaced surgery as the first choice for isolated pulmonary valve stenosis. The article reviews the recent progress in diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary valve stenosis.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i6.12017Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(6) 2015 1-5
Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices in a Rural Area of North India
Authors: Satija Mahesh , Sharma Sarit , Chaudhary Anurag , Kaushal Pushapindra , Girdhar Sangeeta
Published: June 2015

Background: Infant and young child feeding practices directly affect the nutritional status of children under two years of age and, ultimately, impact child survival. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the WHO infant and child feeding indicators in a rural area of Ludhiana, Punjab, India. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in fifteen villages of Ludhiana district under rural health training centre of Department of Community Medicine, Dayan and Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab. The data was obtained from mothers/primary caregivers of 813 living children 0-23 months of age group and information about seven core and three optional WHO infant and young child feeding indicators was collected using WHO questionnaire. Prevalence estimates with 95% confidence interval were calculated. A Χ2 test and Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% CI was calculated wherever required. Results: Only 56.7% of infants were put to breast within one hour of birth, while three fourths of infants younger than 6 months were exclusively breastfed. About seventy percent of children aged 12-15 months and 54.7% of children 20-23 months continued breastfeeding at 1 & 2 years respectively. Almost all the children born in the last 23 months were ever breastfed. Nearly ninety percent of infants 6-8 months of age were fed with complimentary foods at the recommended daily frequency. Conclusion: To improve breastfeeding practices, health education needs to be strengthened for target population having sub-optimal breastfeeding indicators.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i6.12067Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(6) 2015 60-65
New atherogenic indices: Assessment of cardio vascular risk in post menopausal dyslipidemia
Authors: Ranjit Pusapati Madan , Guntuku Girija Sankar , Pothineni Ramesh Babu
Published: June 2015

Background: Menopause is the phase of declined ovarian activity and fall in levels of estrogen, usually due to aging and surgical removal of ovaries. Postmenopausal women are at higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease, especially coronary artery atherosclerosis due to elevated levels of plasma lipids. The aim of this study is to observe the relationship between the BMI, anthropometric parameters, lipid profile and determine the role of new atherogenic indices in assessing cardio vascular risk in post menopausal women. Materials and Methods: A total number of 75 female subjects were participated in this study. Selection of study subjects based upon their menopausal status and levels of lipid profile. In which 51 subjects were considered as control group with pre menopausal status and normal lipid profile. The rest of the 24 subjects were considered as cases group with post menopausal status and elevated lipid profiles. Anthropometric measurements and various atherogenic indices like, Castelli’s Risk Index-I (CRI-I), Castelli’s Risk Index-II (CRI-II), TG/HDL-c ratio, atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) and Atherogenic Coefficient (AC) were calculated. Results: In our study, elevated levels of lipid profile and higher values of anthropometric measurements were (P<0.01; p<0.001) observed in post menopausal than the pre menopausal women. A positive correlation observed comparison between BMI vs. anthropometric measurements but BMI was not correlated with lipid profile & atherogenic indices. All atherogenic indices were found to be significantly (p<0.001) showed higher values in post menopausal women compared to the pre menopausal women. In post menopausal cases, HDL-c was found to be significantly negatively correlated with atherogenic indices and LDL-c was positively correlated with atherogenic indices like CRI-II. These raised atherogenic ratios were can contribute to estimation the risk of cardio vascular disorders (CVD). Conclusion: These indices are could be used for identifying individual at higher risk of cardiovascular disease in the clinical practices especially, when the absolute values of lipid profile seem normal or higher and not markedly deranged or in centers with insufficient resources.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i6.12209Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(6) 2015 25-32
Erythroderma: A clinico-etiological study of 58 cases in a tertiary hospital of North India
Authors: Shirazi Nadia , Jindal Rashmi , Jain Akanksha , Yadav Kanika , Ahmad Sohaib
Published: June 2015

Background: Erythroderma (exfoliative dermatitis) is a cutaneous reaction pattern characterized by generalized erythema and scaling which can be seen in a wide range of cutaneous or systemic diseases. It is important to establish correct diagnosis whenever possible so that specific therapy may be initiated. The study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical profile and etiology of erythroderma and to correlate clinical diagnosis with histopathological findings. Methods: A retrospective study was done in the Department of Pathology. Fifty eight cases of erythroderma diagnosed clinically in the past 5 years were studied and their epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and histopathological findings were analyzed. Results: The mean age of presentation was 39.3 years and male to female ratio was 3:2. Apart from erythema and scaling that were present in all patients, pruritis (n=40,69%), edema (n=12,20.2%) and fever (n=11,19%) were the most common symptoms at presentation. The most common etiology of exfoliative dermatitis was drug reactions (n=19,32.7%) followed by atopic dermatitis (n=12,20.6%) and erythrodermic psoriasis (n=10,7.2%). Other causes were Mycosis Fungoides, Allergic/Air borne contact dermatitis, Lichen Planus, Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris. There was no significant contribution of laboratory data and all the patients were HIV negative. The best clinicopathological correlation (100%) was found in erythrodermic psoriasis and Mycosis Fungoides. Conclusion: Erythroderma often obscures the primary lesion. Clinicians should evaluate all cases of erythroderma by eliciting proper clinical history, taking biopsies and performing other ancillary haematological investigations. Hospitalization may be required as the disease carries risk of significant mortality.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i6.12265Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(6) 2015 20-24
Case report on Ewing's sarcoma with review of literature
Authors: Agrawal Sonam , Rathod Vanita C , Agrawal Pankaj Kumar , Saluja Swati
Published: June 2015

Ewings sarcoma is a highly malignant primary mesenchymal neoplasm of bone,which was first reported in 1921 by Ewing. The exact cell of origin of Ewing Sarcoma is not known it is generally believed that the lesion arises from either the endothelial cells of the blood vessels within the bone or from the undifferentiated reticulo-endothelial cell. Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) arises from mesenchymal stem cells that differentiates along neural cell lineage. Reports of Ewings sarcoma constitute about 10% of all malignant bone tumor. A  case of Ewings sarcoma in 10 year old male patient  is reported, who visited to Dept of Oral and Maxillo-facial Pathology in Rungta College of Dental Sciences And Research, with chief complaint of pain and swelling in right side of face since 1 month. Early diagnosis of this case helps in selecting the appropriate treatment procedure and to avoid further complication. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i6.12283Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(6) 2015 88-92
Placental malarial parasitaemia and pregnancy outcome among parturients in a tertiary hospital in South- South Nigeria
Authors: Ibanga Godwin J , Abasiattai Aniekan M , Bassey Emem A , Ukpe Michael , Olatunbosun Olujimi A , Ekrikpo Udeme
Published: June 2015

Background: Malaria is the most common human parasitic disease and continues to be a complex and overwhelming global health problem, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Placental malaria, one of the major features of malaria in pregnancy has been associated with serious adverse health consequences to both the mother and her fetus. Objective: This study sought to determine the prevalence of maternal, cord, and placental malarial parasitaemia at parturition, the association between maternal and placental parasitaemia, and also the association between placental parasitaemia and pregnancy outcomes. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used to study 330 pregnant women selected by the systematic random sampling technique as they presented in the labour ward of University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo between April, 2012 and September, 2012. Pre-delivery, maternal peripheral blood was taken for malaria parasite (MP) and packed cell volume (PCV). Post delivery, cord blood was taken for MP and PCV estimation while placental blood was examined for MP. Neonatal demographic and clinical characteristics were also obtained. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 17. Level of statistical significance was set at P less than 0.05 (P < 0.05). Results: The mean age of the respondents was 28.8 ± 4.4 years. The prevalence of maternal, cord, and placental parasitaemia were 30.3%, 14.8% and 18.2% respectively. There was a strong correlation between maternal parasitaemia and placental parasitaemia (rho = 0.75, P< 0.001). Also, a significant linear association between cord parasitaemia and placental malaria (rho = 0.87, p< 0.001) was found. Placental malaria predisposed to low birth weight (OR 1.01{95%CI 1.001 – 1.02}, p = 0.04) and fetal anaemia (OR 1.02{95%CI 1.01 – 1.03}, p < 0.001. Conclusion: There is a relatively high prevalence of placental parasitaemia at parturition. Placental malaria is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as low birth weight, fetal anaemia and cord parasitaemia. Proven strategies to prevent malaria in pregnancy such as use of ITNs and IPT and free antenatal care should be intensified to curb this deadly but preventable disease.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i6.12401Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(6) 2015 53-59
Sex determination using mastoid process
Authors: Passey Jigyasa , Mishra Suniti R , Singh Rahul , Sushobhna K , Singh Shailendra , Sinha Priyanka
Published: June 2015

Objective: Osteometric studies using individual bones have been a topic of interest among researchers. Such researches are a tool for conducting studies related to evolution, demographic profiles and forensic sciences. Skull is important in this regard as it resists adverse environmental conditions over time. The mastoid process can thus be used as a marker of sex as well as ancestry of individuals and populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of mastoid process as a tool for sex determination in unidentified skeleton. Materials and Methods: 70 (44 male and 26 female) complete undamaged skulls of known sex were used for the study. Mastoid length was recorded on the right and left mastoid process in each skull. Measurements were made with a digital vernier caliper. Results: Statistics revealed high significance (p<0.0001) for the mastoid length for sex determination. Conclusion: Reports on the use of mastoid process as a tool for sex estimation in unidentified human skeleton have been reported in different populations. The present study supports this finding among the Indian population.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i6.12406 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(6) 2015 93-95
Evaluation of dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Singh Rajput Devendra Pratap , Shah Javed Yusuf , Singh Priti , Jain Shyransh
Published: June 2015

Back ground: In type 2 diabetes mellitus lipid abnormalities are almost the rule. Dyslipidemia has been noted to play an integral role in the pathogenesis and progression of micro and macrovascular complications in diabetes mellitus patients. The complications exemplified by renal, cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease cause the most morbidity and mortality in this group of patients.Aims and Objectives: This study is aimed at understanding the pattern of dyslipidemia among type 2 diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: During two month study period, total 100 patients with diabetes mellitus were evaluated for dyslipidemia. Plasma glucose was estimated by GOD –POD method and Lipid profile by photometry method. Lipid profile was evaluated by investigating the subjects for total cholesterol, serum triglyceride, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein. In statistical analysis data were analyzed by using various statistical methods like percentage, proportions and tables by using epi info software.Results: Out of 100 patients 72(72%) were males and 28(28%) were females. The mean  fasting blood sugar of total patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was 158.35mg/dl. in male diabetics, fasting blood sugar level with diabetes mellitus was 157.56mg/dl and in female diabetics it was 159.14mg/dl. The pattern of dyslipidemia in our study showed significantly higher levels of serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, LDL-C in both male and female diabetics and lower levels of HDL-C in female diabetics. There was no significant difference in lipid profile pattern in male and female diabetic patients except lower levels of HDL-C in female diabetic patients. Conclusion: This study showed that dyslipidemia is highly prevalent among type 2 diabetic patients. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i6.12452Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(6) 2015 16-19
Role of depression and its associating factors in indoor orthopaedic patients
Authors: Jain Ravikant , Rishi Rahul , Sharma Balkishan , Kiyawat Vivek
Published: June 2015

Background and Objectives: Depression has acknowledged and well documented, is common among orthopaedic inpatients may be associated with functional outcomes. Authors aimed to investigate the role, prevalence and associating factors of depression disorder in orthopaedic inpatients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study is designed among patients that admitted at SAIMS, Indore. Four hundred twenty six orthopedic patients were recruited for study. The demographic and clinical measurements were recorded. Levels of depression were assessed by using Zung’s depression scale. Results: Depressive disorder was identified in 87.6% indoor patients significantly (p<0.001) influenced female more than male. The mean depression score in female (67.37±11.75) was significantly higher than male (62.29±12.20). The prevalence of extreme/major depression in female (46.6%) was higher as compared to male (25.7%). Type of trauma was found significantly (p<0.05) associated with depressive disorder. 38.1% male with traumatic condition and 20.0% with non-traumatic condition had moderate depression in comparison to 31.4% and 13.6% female. Depressive disorder was found significantly associated with sex (p<0.001), socio-economic status (p<0.001), length of ortho-illness (p<0.001), length of stay in hospital (p<0.001), exercise/yoga (p<0.05) and type of injury (p<0.05). Conclusions: Higher incidence of depressive disorder recorded in female. Prevention and treatment require more clinical and research attention to reduce the public health burden of depression. The study suggested that higher depressive disorder does occur in indoor orthopaedic patients that associated with various functional outcomes. This study supports the view of depressive disorder was disabling factor in better functional recovery and frequent in female after orthopedic trauma. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i6.12478 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(6) 2015 70-76
Idiopathic hypokalemic periodic paralysis: A series of cases clustered in a part of Eastern India
Authors: Mukherjee Joydeep , Chakraborty Durga Prasad , Sinharoy Uma , Saha Shankar Prasad
Published: June 2015

Background: Most of the studies on hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HOPP) in India and abroad had described secondary causes as the origin of the disease. We had observed a series of HOPP cases clustered within 40 kilometers around Bankura, a district town of West Bengal, Eastern India. The aim of our study was to probe into the clinical, biochemical and electrophysiological details of the cases, which were found to be idiopathic. Material and Methods: 32 idiopathic HOPP cases, attending the neurology OPD or admitted in Bankura Sammilani Medical College & Hospital (BSMCH), were selected from October 2006 to May 2008. All the secondary causes of HOPP were excluded. The patients were evaluated and the data was analyzed. Results: Cases were clustered within a 40-kilometer radius from Bankura town, location of BSMCH. Male: female = 4.3:1. Median age of onset was 23.5 years (4-50 years). Median number of attacks was 2.5, (1 to 70); duration 3 hours - 6 days, median 3 days. Strenous physical activity was most common precipitating factor. 25% had bulbar symptoms, 9.4% had bladder dysfunction and 46.9% had diminished to absent deep tendon reflexes. Mean serum potassium = 2.45 mEq/L (1.4 – 3.1 mEq/L). Conclusion: We had observed a group of idiopathic HOPP cases within a relatively small area in a short span of time in contrast to most other Indian studies, where the share of idiopathic aetiology is comparatively smaller. This underscores the importance of a larger study with genetic analysis on the aetiology of the idiopathic HOPP in this area.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i6.12482 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(6) 2015 83-87
Enhanced Plasma H2S Levels Associated With Fasting Blood Glucose In Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Saha Pinaki , Banerjee Piyasa , Pal Prasenjit , Auddya Lakshmisona , Sen Santanu , Sau Tanmay Jyoti , Kumar Arun , Biswas Utpal Kumar
Published: June 2015

Introduction: A number of recent literatures suggest a potential role of H2S and H2S modifying agents in the etiology and management of type-2 diabetes mellitus. Objective: The current study was aimed to evaluate the plasma levels of H2S in the patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus and to find out if there is any relationship of H2S concentrations with the fasting blood glucose levels. Methods: Plasma H2S levels were measured in sixty two recently diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients and compared with similar number of healthy volunteers as controls. Results: The plasma H2S level in the patients ( 81.17 ± 16.40 micromol/l ) is significantly higher (P< 0.001) than the healthy controls (50.69 ± 8.69 micromol/l) and the H2S levels in plasma have significant positive correlation (r= 0.359, P=0.004) with fasting blood glucose levels. Conclusion: The present study has elucidated that the patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus are associated with elevated plasma H2S levels which are well correlated with glucose levels. This reveals a potential the role of H2S modulators towards the management of this non-communicable epidemic disorder. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i6.12532Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(6) 2015 11-15
An inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the urinary bladder in a young girl presenting as acute kidney injury due to obstructive uropathy
Authors: Umesh L , Shivaprasad SM , Niranjan MR , Sathish Kumar MM , Leelavathi V , Sridhara CG
Published: June 2015

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) of the bladder is an uncommon benign tumor of the urinary bladder, which is of unknown neoplastic potential, characterized by spindle cell proliferation with characteristic fibro inflammatory and pseudosarcomatous appearance of mesenchymal origin. Myofibroblastic tumor, is also known as inflammatory pseudotumor or pseudosarcoma. Bladder location is very uncommon. We report a case of a young girl who presented with acute kidney injury due to obstructive uropathy. On evaluation found to have Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor at the base of the urinary bladder, which gradually improved with hemodialysis and successive urological interventions. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i6.12535 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(6) 2015 80-82
Expressions of HPV 16-E6 in esophageal carcinoma and it's clinical significance
Authors: Zhao Xing , Sahi Rajina , Zhao Yu-Yang , Wang Jun , Li Chun- Hui
Published: June 2015

Aim: To explore the association between HPV16-E6 protein and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Materials and Methods: SP immunohistochemical method was used to examine the expression of HPV 16-E6 in 50 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, 10 cases of normal esophageal squamous cell and 10 cases of adjacent tissue.Results: The expressions of HPV 16-E6 was significantly higher in esophageal carcinoma than in normal esophageal mucosa and in adjacent tissue. The expressions of HPV 16-E6 had correlation with invasive depth (P<0.05), but not with patient age, lymph node metastasis, tumor size (P>0.05).Conclusion: HPV 16-E6 can promote the growth and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and can be a prognostic factor of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i6.12537 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(6) 2015 39-42
Vitamin D Supplementation: A Double Edged Sword
Authors: Bhargava Amit , Jha Sujeet
Published: June 2015

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i6.12592 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(6) 2015 96
Expression of P53, PTEN and S100A4 in invasive ductal breast cancer and the clinical significance
Authors: Gang Zhang , Zhong Li , Xiao-meng Lin , Jun-hua Zhang , Yong Cui , Xing Zhao
Published: June 2015

Objective: To investigate the expression level of P53, PTEN and S100A4 in invasive ductal breast cancer and the clinical significance. Methods: SP immunohistochemical and Western blot analysis were used to detect the expression of P53, PTEN and S100A4 protein in invasive ductal breast cancer, adjacent tissues and benign breast lesions. The results were aimed to explore the correlation of p53, PTEN, S100A4 and analyze the relationship between indicators and clinical pathology. Results: Immunohistochemical results showed that the positive rates of p53 and S100A4 in invasive ductal breast cancer were 47.69% and 56.92%, which were significantly higher than that in benign breast lesions (16.00%, 22.00%) (p<0.05); The positive rates of PTEN in invasive ductal breast cancer was 24.62%, which were significantly lower than that in benign breast lesions (52.00%) (p<0.05); The expression of p53 was negatively correlated with PTEN in invasive ductal breast cancer (p<0.05). Western blot results revealed that the relative expression levels of p53, PTEN and S100A4 protein in invasive ductal breast cancer were 0.967±0.066, 0.785±0.044, 1.065±0.073, which were significant difference with that in benign breast lesions (0.549±0.032, 1.245±0.059, 0.370±0.065) (p<0.05); The expression of p53 has correlation with histological differentiating degree and lymph node metastasis (p<0.05), but it was irrelevant to the age, tumor size and clinical grade (p>0.05). The expression of S100A4 has correlation with clinical grade and lymph node metastasis (p<0.05), but no association with the age, tumor size and histological differentiating degree was observed in this study (p>0.05). The expressions of PTEN has correlation with lymph node metastasis p<0.05, but no association with the age, tumor size, clinical grade and histological differentiating degree was noted in our study (p>0.05). Conclusion: Expression of P53, PTEN and S100A4 can be expected to be taken as to the prognosis biomarkers of breast cancer and potential targets for new and effective treatment strategies for breast cancer.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i6.12599 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(6) 2015 43-47
Effect of step up exercise on cognitive attention with stroop test in Bengali male college students
Authors: Debray Parthasarathi , Biswas Susanta , Biswas Prasanta , Saha Tapasi , Pal Madhu Sudan
Published: June 2015

Introduction: A beneficial influence of exercise on cognitive and brain functions has been established. Exercise is drawing increasing research attention for improving neurocognitive functions.Aims: The aim of the present study is to examine the effect of step up exercise on mental attention with strop test in Bengali male college students.Methodology: Twenty eight (28) apparently healthy male sedentary college students from the same socio-economic background, having mean age of 22.4 ± 1.02 years, body height of 165.3 ± 6.34 cm  and body weight of 55.5 ± 9.01 kg were recruited for the present study on the basis of random sampling from the undergraduate students of the NS Mahavidyalaya of Tripura. A computer based modified ‘Stroop color word’ test based on the original Stroop test (Stroop, 1935) to identify cognitive performance. After completion of stroop test in resting sitting condition participants were asked to complete Queen College Step Test to measure VO2 max. After completion of 3 mins step up exercise a recovery time of 5-15 seconds were taken for VO2 measurement and immediately after taking recovery pulse participants were asked to perform stroop III subtask to see the effect of exercise on the cognitive performance of the college students of Tripura.Results: The mean VO2 max to be found 49.1 ± 6.25 ml.kg-1.min-1.  The mean time to complete Stroop sub task Tasks III was found 194.3 (±46.34) sec.  After 3 minutes step-up exercise it has been shown that the mean stroop III score was improved from 194.3 (±46.34) to 160.4 (± 31.42) sec. Conclusion: It is observed in the present study that the speed of performance (i.e., stoop tasks) is improved after short term moderate exercise. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i6.12602  Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(6) 2015 66-69
Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and its correlation with insulin resistance and serum markers for autoimmune thyroiditis
Authors: Sahu Sulagna , Dutta Soumya Kanti , Kuiri Shib Shankar , Nandi Mintu Mohan , Kabiraj Pranay , De Utpal
Published: June 2015

Background: The term “THYROID DIABETES” was coined in early literature to depict the influence of thyroid hormone excess in deterioration of glucose control. Although autoimmune thyroid disease is more prevalent in Type1 Diabetes mellitus as a result of their common origin, the prevalence of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism is supposed to be similar to that of general population in patient with type2 DM. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in patients with type2 diabetes mellitus and to correlate thyroid abnormalities with insulin resistance and serum markers for autoimmune thyroiditis. Methods: 120 cases of type2 diabetes mellitus patients satisfying WHO criteria without pre-existing thyroid disease were included in the study. Thyroid function test, fasting serum insulin was done.HOMA-IR & HOMA-B (HOMA-Homeostatic model assessment) was calculated. Serum antithyroid peroxidase anibody (anti-TPO) and antithyroglobulin antibodies (anti-TG) and ANA were done. Results: Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in type2 diabetes mellitus was 28.33% according to our study, which included overt hypothyroidism (15%), subclinical hypothyroidism (8.33%), secondary hypothyroidism (0.83%), overt hyperthyroidism (1.67%) and subclinical hyperthyroidism (2.5%). Anti TPO and anti TG antibodies were elevated in 62.07% cases of hypothyroidism, 40% cases of hyperthyroidism and 6.9% euthyroid cases of type2 DM. Anti TPO and antiTG antibodies were significantly raised in type2DM patient with hypothroidism than that of euthyroid (p value<0.0001). Compared to euthyroid diabetics, hypothyroid cases had lower values of insulin resistance markers like fasting insulin, HOMA-IR and HOMA-B. Hyperthyoid cases had higher values. Conclusion: Hyperthyroid diabetics have higher insulin resistance as fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, HOMA-B showed negative correlation with TSH. (p value<0.05).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i6.12603 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(6) 2015 33-38
Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor -alpha and hsCRP in patients with breast cancer and correlation with histological parameters
Authors: Sharma Anisha , Goswami Binita , Gupta Nikhil , Chakraborty Baidarbhi
Published: June 2015

Background: Breast cancer is now the second most commonly cancer diagnosed in women after cervical cancer in India. Presentation at late stage further aggravates the problem. The outcome of breast cancer is usually determined by multiple factors.Aims and Objectives:This study was designed with the aim to investigate any correlation between serum tumor necrosis factor alpha and hsCRP in breast cancer with histological parameters of tumor behavior. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 histological confirmed cases of locally advanced breast cancer were enrolled for study. Total duration of study was two years. HsCRP was determined by solid phase direct sandwich ELISA method (Diaclone, France).Similarly TNF-α was also determined by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent method. Three-dimensional tumor size was determined radiologically through mammography. CT scan and MRI scan were taken at the time of diagnosis to detect metastasis. The data on tumor size, estrogen receptors status, lymph node status and TNM staging were reviewed and recorded. Results: Levels of TNF-α and hsCRP in patients with more advanced TNM staging, more advanced lymph node status and high histological grade were significantly raised. Similarly, their levels were significantly raised with increasing grade of adipose tissue invasion. Levels of TNF-α and hs CRP were also significantly raised in patients with estrogen receptor status positive whereas increase in levels of these markers was not significant in progesterone receptor status positive. Conclusion: Preoperative evaluation of tumor necrosis factor alpha and high sensitivity C-reactive protein may be valuable parameters for reflecting the severity of invasive breast cancer.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i6.12714 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(6) 2015 6-10
A New Robust Regression Method Based on Minimization of Geodesic Distances on a Probabilistic Manifold: Application to Power Laws
Authors: Verdoolaege Geert
Published: July 2015

In regression analysis for deriving scaling laws that occur in various scientific disciplines, usually standard regression methods have been applied, of which ordinary least squares (OLS) is the most popular. In many situations, the assumptions underlying OLS are not fulfilled, and several other approaches have been proposed. However, most techniques address only part of the shortcomings of OLS. We here discuss a new and more general regression method, which we call geodesic least squares regression (GLS). The method is based on minimization of the Rao geodesic distance on a probabilistic manifold. For the case of a power law, we demonstrate the robustness of the method on synthetic data in the presence of significant uncertainty on both the data and the regression model. We then show good performance of the method in an application to a scaling law in magnetic confinement fusion.
Parallelism in Kayah Li Discourse: Elaborate Expressions and Beyond
Authors: Solnit David B.
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-First Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: Special Session on Discourse in Southeast Asian Languages (1995)
On the Rise of Suppletion in Verbal Paradigms
Authors: Juge Matthew L.
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the 25th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (2000)
On the role of children’s deterministic learning in the ‘no-overt-subject’ stage in the L1 acquisition of Spanish
Authors: Villa-García Julio
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the 37th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (2013), pp. 375-388
Hybrid 18F-labeled Fluoride Positron Emission Tomography/Magnetic Resonance (MR) Imaging of the Sacroiliac Joints and the Spine in Patients with Axial Spondyloarthritis: A Pilot Study Exploring the Link of MR Bone Pathologies and Increased Osteoblastic Activity
Authors: Buchbender Christian , Ostendorf Benedikt , Ruhlmann Verena , Heusch Philipp , Miese Falk , Beiderwellen Karsten , Schneider Matthias , Braun Juergen , Antoch Gerald , Baraliakos Xenofon
Published: July 2015

Objective.

The biologically active molecule used in positron emission tomography (PET) for depiction of osteoblastic activity is 18F-labeled fluoride (18F-F). We examined whether inflammatory or chronic changes on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the sacroiliac joints (SIJ) and the spines of patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (AS) are linked to osteoblastic activity, assessed by PET/MRI.

Methods.

Thirteen patients with AS (mean age 37.8 ± 11.4 yrs, Bath AS Disease Activity Index > 4, no anti-TNF treatment) underwent 3-Tesla whole-spine and SIJ PET/MRI. Two independent readers recorded pathologic changes related to vertebral (VQ) or SIJ quadrants (SQ). Final scores were based on reader agreement.

Results.

A total of 104 SQ and 1196 VQ were examined. In SIJ, bone marrow edema (BME) was seen in 44.2%, fat deposition (FD) in 42.3%, and 18F-F in 46.2% SQ. BME alone was associated with 18F-F in 78.6% and FD alone in only 7.7% SQ, while the combination BME/FD was associated with 18F-F in 72.2% SQ. Erosions, sclerosis, and ankylosis alone were rarely associated with 18F-F. In the spine, BME alone was seen in 9.9%, FD in 18.2%, and 18F-F in 5.4% VQ. BME alone was associated with 18F-F in 14.3% and FD alone in 8.7% VQ, while the combination BME/FD was associated with 18F-F in 40.6% VQ.

Conclusion.

In this study of hybrid 18F-F PET/MRI of patients with active AS, we show that BME rather than chronic changes is associated with osteoblastic activity, while the combination of BME and FD showed the highest 18F-F uptake. The use of PET/MRI in prediction of future syndesmophyte formation in AS needs further exploration in prospective studies.