bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contribution to the Knowledge of Freshwater Shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda) and Their Spatial Distribution in the Malebo Pool (Congo River), R.D Congo
Authors: Eume Therese Lokwa , Willy Lusasi Swana , Camille Nsimanda Ipey , Pascal Isumbisho Mwapu , Victor Pwema Kiamfu
Published: May 2022

Background and Objective: Crustaceans play a considerable role in the ecological process of aquatic ecosystems, acting at different trophic levels as herbivores, detritivores, predators and prey and constitute an important source of animal protein for humans and livestock. This study investigated the diversity of shrimp from the left bank of the Malebo Pool in the Congo River.

Study Area: Five sampling campaigns were organized from July 2020 to August 2021 in six sites (Ngamanzo 1, Ngamanzo 2, Kinkole 1, Kinkole 2, Kinsuka 1 and Kinsuka 2) in the Malebo Pool, the terminal part of the middle Congo River.

Methods: Shrimp samples were collected using dip nets and creels during the experimental fisheries. Physical parameters were measured monthly in situ at six sites. Chemical parameters were assessed using an ultraviolet atomic spectrophotometer. Systematic identification of shrimp was done using appropriate systematic identification keys. The structure of the shrimp populations was studied using several ecological indices.

Results: A total of 1422 shrimp specimens were sampled. These individuals belonged to three different species (Caridina africana Macrobrachium dux and Macrobrachium sollaudii), two genera (Caridina and Macrobrachium) and two families (Atyidae and Palaemonidae). Shanon and Weaver's diversity index values ranged from 0 to 1.3 indicating that the shrimp fauna is not diverse in Malebo Pool. These species are better represented at Ngamanzo 1, Ngamanzo 2 and Kinkole 2. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that environmental variables such as dissolved oxygen level, conductivity, water temperature, transparency, water flow velocity, plant debris, aquatic plants and canopy strongly influence taxonomic diversity across sites.

Conclusion: The results obtained showed that the shrimp fauna is rich and diversified in the studied part of the Malebo Pool in the Congo River and, these organisms are essential in maintaining the ecological balance in this aquatic ecosystem.
Nutritional Value of Runner bean (Phaseolus cocccinus L.) Grown in Chad
Authors: Marceline Makalao Mouti , Traore Alfred S.
Published: May 2022

In order to evaluate the nutritional characteristics of an ornamental plant called Phaseolus cocccinus L., some samples were collected in order to evaluate the nutritional value such as proteins, lipids, some minerals and vitamins. The physico-chemical analyzes carried out used standard methods. The results show that the carbohydrate and lipid contents are very low, they are respectively 1.76% and 2.4%. The protein content is almost similar to common bean (23.34%). The energy value is 110kcal/100g and the dietary fiber content is 9.3g/100g of DM, much lower than the recommended nutritional intake. The protein content is almost similar to common bean (23.34%). The energy value is 110kcal/100g and the dietary fiber content is 9.3g/100g of DM, much lower than the recommended nutritional intake. The highest mineral content is potassium (880.03g/100g DM) and the lowest content is sulfur (0.17mg/100g DM). The iron content is 43.66mg/100g of DM The contents of β-carotenes and vitamin C are low, they are respectively 3% and 9.3%. The consumption and popularization of Phaseolus cocccinus L. among populations could be envisaged to ensure availability throughout the year to ensure food security and thus contribute to the fight against malnutrition.
Characterization of Wastewater Irrigated Soils of District Kota of Rajasthan
Authors: Aswal Subhash , Purohit H. S. , Gupta P. K. , Yadav K. K. , Jat Laxman , Jaiswal Shipra , Kaushik R. A.
Published: May 2022

This study was conducted in Kota district for characterization of wastewater irrigated soils of Kota district of Rajasthan. In Kota, urban and peri urban agriculture fields depends on particularly during summer season. The water quality significantly varies according to varies conditions. A quarterly survey was conducted and different characteristics of wastewater and source of waste water irrigated soils were determined. The irrigation effects of wastewater on soil properties were observed. The observation of sand content, pH and dehydrogenase activity were decreased and the other properties like Porosity, EC, BOD, COD, OC, available-NPK, SO4, Cl and heavy metals viz. Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cd, Pb and Cr were increased. Observation of the impact of waste water on soil properties were studied in comparison with the reference tube well water irrigated soils collected from ten source points in district urban site. A slight decrease was observed during monsoon, it might be due to dilution effect of monsoon. Highest values were observed in summer of all study sites. Some parameters found above as the prescribed permission limits of Indian standards. Present investigation aim to determine the irrigation effects of wastewater on soil EC, pH, available- NPK, dehydrogenase activity and micronutrient content of Kota district of Rajasthan in India.
Effect of Potassium and Spacing on Growth and Yield of Baby Corn (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Ashwini Muthe , Singh Rajesh , Indu Thakur
Published: May 2022

During the summer of 2021, the current study was conducted at the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh (Zaid). The experiment used a Randomized Block Design with three repetitions. A total of nine treatments were created, each with a distinct level of spacing and amount of potassium applied. The agricultural field was uniformly composed of sa0ndy loam soil with a pH of neutral, low in organic carbon (0.72 percent), accessible nitrogen (278.48 kg/ha), and medium in available phosphorus and potassium (27.80 kg/ha and 233.24 kg/ha, respectively. Amongst all the treatments, T9 with 50 x 15 cm spacing and 50 kg/ha K2O exhibited the highest plant productivity and its features such as plant height, number of leaves per plant, dry plant mass, and cob's qualities among all treatments. Furthermore, the maximum crop growth rate, yield, and yield qualities such as cob yield and green fodder yield were discussed. It may be inferred that greater potassium treatment and wider spacing have a good influence on plant production and growth parameters.
Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Infections among Pregnant Women at Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital Lafia, Nasarawa State Nigeria
Authors: Innocent I. G. , Kuleve M. I. , Ajugwo G. C. , Anekwe I. I. , Fadayomi V. K.
Published: May 2022

Hepatitis infections are global public health concern more especially hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections which can easily be transmitted from mothers to newborn babies through contact with body secretions. This research was conducted to investigate the prevalence of Viral Hepatitis B and C infections among pregnant women in Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital Lafia, Nasarawa State. Cross sectional study design was carried out from January 2017 to December 2017 among 374 pregnant women. Blood sample was collected from each pregnant woman and screened using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit produced by Nantong Diagnos Biotechnology Co., Ltd., China. Overall prevalence infections of viral hepatitis B and C among the participant was 35(9.4%) and 18(4.8%) respectively. Hepatitis B prevalence was higher than Hepatitis C (P>0.05). Some of the pregnant women were found to be multi-gravida patients ranged from 20-29 years of age with prevalence of 9.6% HBV and 5.1% HCV (P> 0.05). The findings of this research suggest need to initiate public awareness to reduce disease load and transmission; immunization to all pregnant women and their newborn babies.
Metagenomic Analysis of RNA Viruses in Watermelon
Authors: Quirino Mariana Senna , Ribeiro Bergmann Morais , Melo Fernando Lucas , Aguiar Raimundo Wagner de Souza , Campos Fabrício Souza , Nunes Helber Veras , Barros Daniella Inácio , Oliveira Liomar Borges de , Nunes Bruno Henrique di Napoli
Published: May 2022

Watermelon is one of the most consumed cucurbits worldwide. Its production, nevertheless, is threatened by different pathogens that compromise the development of plants and, consequently, fruits. Here, plants showing typical virus-like symptoms were collected in the Tocantins State, Brazil. Aiming for the identification of viruses, viral RNA was sequenced by Illumina. Four virus genomes were sequenced and assembled, corresponding to isolates of Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) and Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus (ZYMV) from the family Potyviridae, Groundnut ringspot virus (GRSV) from the family Bunyaviridae, and Citrullus lanatus partitivirus (CiLPV) from family Partitiviridae. Although these viruses have been previously reported infecting watermelon, we have sequenced the first complete genome of GRSV and the first complete genome of a ZYMV isolate from Brazil. Symptomatic watermelon leaves from the field were also used as inoculation for virus mechanical transmission to indicative plants. Despite co-infecting watermelon plants in the field, only the potyviruses were mechanically transmitted to indicative plants, in which ZYMV presented the broadest host range.
ARL2 is required for homologous recombination repair and colon cancer stem cell survival
Authors: Lee Hani , Choi SeokGyeong , Ha Sojung , Yoon Sukjoon , Kim Woo‐Young
Published: May 2022

ARL2 regulates the dynamics of cytological components and is highly expressed in colon cancer tissues. Here, we report novel roles of ARL2 in the cell nucleus and colon cancer stem cells (CSCs). ARL2 is expressed at relatively low levels in K‐RAS active colon cancer cells, but its expression is induced in CSCs. Depletion of ARL2 results in M phase arrest exclusively in non‐CSC cultured cells; in addition, DNA break stress accumulates in CSCs leading to apoptosis. ARL2 expression is positively associated with the expression of all six RAD51 family genes, which are essential for homologous recombination repair (HRR). Furthermore, ARL2 is required for HRR and detected within chromatin compartments. These results demonstrate the requirement of ARL2 in colon CSC maintenance, which possibly occurs through mediating double‐strand break DNA repair in the nucleus.
Dynamic Cryptography through Plasmon‐Enhanced Fluorescence Blinking
Authors: Lu Yongfeng , Cheng Hongrui , Li Guang‐Can , Han Fei , Jiang Cheng , Lo Tsz Wing , Lei Dangyuan , Francis Paul S. , Zheng Yuanhui
Published: May 2022

Merging cryptographic primitive technologies and physical unclonable functions (PUFs) have become a new paradigm of one‐way encryption. Herein, the authors report a dynamic PUF cryptographic primitive based on plasmonic fluorescence blinking from single or a few dye molecules embedded within the nanogaps of plasmonic patch nanoantennas. This cryptographic primitive carries two sets of high‐capacity optical codes: the fluorescence blinking of the embedded dye molecules and multi‐color light scattering enabled by the plasmonic nanoantennas. The former allows the generation of temporal binary codes from a large number of individual plasmonic patch nanoantennas by holding either “1” (bright state) or “0” (dark state), while the latter provides a permanent color‐based novenary code that acts as a decryption channel for authentication. Benefiting from the high electromagnetic field localized within the nanogaps and the large Purcell enhancement of the plasmonic nanoantennas, the fluorescence blinking is readily detectable by a common fluorescence microscope with a mercury arc lamp as a low‐power excitation source. The developed dynamic PUF codes are robustly and accurately authenticated by a self‐programmed computer vision algorithm. This study revolutionizes the conventional static PUF encryption to nanophotonics‐based dynamic encryption, opening a new avenue for next‐generation advanced anti‐counterfeiting.
Synergistic Effect between NiOx and P3HT Enabling Efficient and Stable Hole Transport Pathways for Regular Perovskite Photovoltaics
Authors: Cao Fang , Cheng Fangwen , Huang Xiaofeng , Dai Xinfeng , Tang Ziheng , Nie Siqing , Yin Jun , Li Jing , Zheng Nanfeng , Wu Binghui
Published: May 2022

As an inorganic hole transport material (HTM), nickel oxide (NiOx) is widely used in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to its low cost and intrinsic stability. However, on account of its poor film formation on perovskite, the low power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of regular NiOx‐based PSCs is a main obstacle for commercialization. Here, a solution‐processed inorganic/organic hybrid hole transporting system is developed to resolve this issue, thereby improving the PCE from 16.0% to 21.2%. Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is studied as the typical case, revealing that the performance improvement mainly lies in the synergistic interaction between NiOx and P3HT: 1) the introduction of P3HT improves assembly regularity and film uniformity of NiOx; 2) electron redistribution between P3HT and NiOx increases the Ni3+/Ni2+ ratio for higher hole mobility; 3) the feed‐back impact of NiOx on P3HT enhances molecular orientation of polymer chains in P3HT for better hole transport through polymer framework. Finally, the encapsulated solar cell modules with P3HT‐promoted NiOx maintains 91% of the initial efficiency after 1000 h aging at a harsh 85 °C/85% relative humidity condition. This finding provides a feasible approach for using NiOx‐based HTMs to realize high‐performance regular PSCs, paving the way for their commercialization.
Anisotropically Oriented Carbon Films with Dual‐Function of Efficient Heat Dissipation and Excellent Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Performances
Authors: Tan Mingyi , Chen Daming , Cheng Yuan , Sun Huiqi , Chen Guiqing , Dong Shun , Zhao Guangdong , Sun Boqian , Wu Shiqi , Zhang Wenzheng , Han Jiecai , Han Wenbo , Zhang Xinghong
Published: May 2022

The rapid development of next‐generation portable electronic devices urgently requires dual‐functional materials that possess both efficient heat dissipation and outstanding electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performances. In this study, anisotropically oriented carbon films with high thermal conductivity and excellent EMI shielding properties are prepared through an innovative glucose hydrogel‐controllable carbonization method. The horizontal alignment of nanocrystalline graphite results in oriented structures with an extremely high in‐plane thermal conductivity of 439.9 W m−1 K−1, exhibiting a more effective heat‐dissipating capacity on smartphones than their commercial graphite counterparts. Additionally, owing to multiple internal reflections arising from the oriented structures, the films exhibit an EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of 21.72 dB at an ultrathin thickness of 480 nm in the X‐band and an extraordinarily high absolute shielding effectiveness (SSE/t) of 275 883 dB cm2 g−1, significantly outperforming most of the reported synthetic materials. Furthermore, the flexibility, high mechanical strength, and stability of the films are demonstrated and therefore show promising application prospects. This study offers a facile yet feasible strategy for preparing dual‐functional materials to address the heat emission and EMI problems of advanced electronic devices in a more economical and environmentally friendly manner.
Immunoregulation in Diabetic Wound Repair with a Photoenhanced Glycyrrhizic Acid Hydrogel Scaffold
Authors: Qian Yuna , Zheng Yujing , Jin Juan , Wu Xuan , Xu Kejia , Dai Mali , Niu Qiang , Zheng Hui , He Xiaojun , Shen Jianliang
Published: May 2022

M1 macrophage accumulation and excessive inflammation are commonly encountered issues in diabetic wounds and can fail in the healing process. Hence, hydrogel dressings with immunoregulatory capacity have great promise in the clinical practice of diabetic wound healing. However, current immunoregulatory hydrogels are always needed for complex interventions and high‐cost treatments, such as cytokines and cell therapies. In this study, a novel glycyrrhizic acid (GA)‐based hybrid hydrogel dressing with intrinsic immunoregulatory properties is developed to promote rapid diabetic wound healing. This hybrid hydrogel consists of interpenetrating polymer networks composed of inorganic Zn2+‐induced self‐assembled GA and photo‐crosslinked methyl acrylated silk fibroin (SF), realizing both excellent injectability and mechanical strength. Notably, the SF/GA/Zn hybrid hydrogel can regulate macrophage responses in the inflammatory microenvironment, circumventing the use of any additives. The immunomodulatory properties of the hydrogel can be harnessed for safe and efficient therapeutics that accelerate the three phases of wound repair and serve as a promising dressing for the management of diabetic wounds.
Starvation, Ferroptosis, and Prodrug Therapy Synergistically Enabled by a Cytochrome c Oxidase like Nanozyme
Authors: Cao Changyu , Yang Nan , Su Yan , Zhang Zheye , Wang Chenxi , Song Xuejiao , Chen Peng , Wang Wenjun , Dong Xiaochen
Published: May 2022

Nanozymes, which are inorganic nanomaterials mimicking natural enzyme activities, are bringing enormous opportunities to theranostics. Herein, a cytochrome c oxidase‐like nanozyme (copper–silver alloy nanoparticle, Cu–Ag NP) is demonstrated for nanocatalytic cancer therapy. Loaded with bioreductive predrug (AQ4N), this Cu–Ag nanozyme unprecedentedly enables simultaneous starvation, ferroptosis, and chemical therapy with high specificity, and is able to totally eliminate tumor and greatly prolong the survival rate for 4T1‐tumor‐bearing mice. The underlying working mechanism is revealed both experimentally and theoretically.
The Structural and Mechanical Basis for Passive‐Hydraulic Pine Cone Actuation
Authors: Eger Carmen J. , Horstmann Martin , Poppinga Simon , Sachse Renate , Thierer Rebecca , Nestle Nikolaus , Bruchmann Bernd , Speck Thomas , Bischoff Manfred , Rühe Jürgen
Published: May 2022

The opening and closing of pine cones is based on the hygroscopic behavior of the individual seed scales around the cone axis, which bend passively in response to changes in environmental humidity. Although prior studies suggest a bilayer architecture consisting of lower actuating (swellable) sclereid and upper restrictive (non‐ or lesser swellable) sclerenchymatous fiber tissue layers to be the structural basis of this behavior, the exact mechanism of how humidity changes are translated into global movement are still unclear. Here, the mechanical and hydraulic properties of each structural component of the scale are investigated to get a holistic picture of their functional interplay. Measurements of the wetting behavior, water uptake, and mechanical measurements are used to analyze the influence of hydration on the different tissues of the cone scales. Furthermore, their dimensional changes during actuation are measured by comparative micro‐computed tomography (µ‐CT) investigations of dry and wet scales, which are corroborated and extended by 3D‐digital image correlation‐based displacement and strain analyses, biomechanical testing of actuation force, and finite element simulations. Altogether, a model allowing a detailed mechanistic understanding of pine cone actuation is developed, which is a prime concept generator for the development of biomimetic hygromorphic systems.
Highly Stretchable MoS2‐Based Transistors with Opto‐Synaptic Functionalities
Authors: Li Jiawei , Li Na , Wang Qinqin , Wei Zheng , He Congli , Shang Dashan , Guo Yutuo , Zhang Woyu , Tang Jian , Liu Jieying , Wang Shuopei , Yang Wei , Yang Rong , Shi Dongxia , Zhang Guangyu
Published: May 2022

Stretchable devices can form intimate interfaces with the attached objects, giving birth to widespread applications in wearable electronics, bioelectronics, and artificial bionics. The emerging 2D materials are considered to be ideal candidates for stretchable electronics due to their ultra‐thin nature and excellent mechanical properties. However, stretchable 2D semiconductor devices previously demonstrated usually work at insufficient strain range with poor device performances mostly due to a mechanical failure. Here, the fabrication of buckled monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) field effect transistors (FETs) on elastomeric substrates is reported. These stretchable MoS2 FETs show stable performances with mobility of ≈30 cm2 V−1 s−1, on/off ratio of ≈108, and subthreshold swing (SS) of ≈180 mV dec−1 after many cycled stretching‐release processes under more than 10% strain. In particular, the feasibility of applying these stretchable MoS2 transistors in optoelectronic synapse and neural network simulation in recognition tasks has been demonstrated.
Chemische Ansätze für synthetische Wirkstofftransportsysteme für systemische Anwendungen
Authors: Braatz Daniel , Cherri Mariam , Tully Michael , Dimde Mathias , Ma Guoxin , Mohammadifar Ehsan , Reisbeck Felix , Ahmadi Vahid , Schirner Michael , Haag Rainer
Published: May 2022

Schlechte Wasserlöslichkeit und geringe Bioverfügbarkeit von pharmazeutischen Wirkstoffen (APIs) sind die Hauptursache für Verzögerungen in der pharmazeutischen Industrie und stellen eine große Hürde für die Entwicklung neuer Arzneimittel dar. Der Transport von Arzneimitteln ist nach wie vor die größte Herausforderung für die Anwendung niedermolekularer Medikamente und Biopharmazeutika. Die drei Herausforderungen für synthetische Transportsysteme sind: (i) Kontrolle über die Wirkstoffverteilung und Clearance im Blut, (ii) Solubilisierung schlecht wasserlöslicher Wirkstoffe und (iii) selektive Akkumulation in bestimmten Geweben. Obwohl viele Polymer‐basierte Systeme die ersten beiden Anforderungen erfüllen und in die klinische Praxis umgesetzt wurden, hat bisher noch kein zielgerichtetes, synthetisches Abgabesystem den Markt erreicht. Dieser Aufsatz soll einen Überblick über die Herausforderungen und Anforderungen zur Entwicklung und Umsetzung neuer Polymer‐basierter Darreichungssysteme geben. Hauptaugenmerk liegt hierbei auf den chemischen Ansätzen für die Darreichung von Wirkstoffen für systemische Anwendungen.
Unbiased C3‐Electrophilic Indoles: Triflic Acid Mediated C3‐Regioselective Hydroarylation of N−H Indoles**
Authors: Sabat Nazarii , Zhou Weiping , Gandon Vincent , Guinchard Xavier , Vincent Guillaume
Published: May 2022

The direct dearomative addition of arenes to the C3 position of unprotected indoles is reported under operationally simple conditions, using triflic acid at room temperature. The present regioselective hydroarylation is a straightforward manner to generate an electrophilic indole at the C3 position from unbiased indoles in sharp contrast to previous strategies. This atom‐economical method delivers biologically relevant 3‐arylindolines and 3,3‐spiroindolines in high yields and regioselectivities from both intra‐ and intermolecular processes. DFT computations suggest the stabilization of cationic or dicationic intermediates with H‐bonded (TfOH)n clusters.
Red‐Shifted Water‐Soluble BODIPY Photocages for Visualisation and Controllable Cellular Delivery of Signaling Lipids
Authors: Poryvai Anna , Galkin Maksym , Shvadchak Volodymyr , Slanina Tomáš
Published: May 2022

In this work, we developed a water‐soluble caging group based on a π‐extended BODIPY scaffold able to release carboxylate‐containing cargo upon red light illumination (λirr=633 nm). We performed mechanistic studies showing new insights into the principles of the photoreactivity of these cages and demonstrated a significant influence of the structure of a carboxylate cargo on the rate and efficiency of the uncaging process and its side reactions. We used it for selective delivery, visualisation, and photorelease of a signaling lipid in cell plasma and internal membranes. With this approach, we successfully induced Ca2+ release in cells expressing the GPR40 receptor.
Regioselektive Magnesiierungen von fluorierten Arenen und Heteroarenen mit Magnesium‐bis‐diisopropylamid (MBDA) in Kohlenwasserstoffen
Authors: Hess Andreas , Alandini Nurtalya , Guersoy Yusuf C. , Knochel Paul
Published: May 2022

Wir berichten über die einfache Herstellung eines neuen und lagerfähigen Magnesiumamids (iPr2N)2Mg (Magnesium‐bis‐diisopropylamid; MBDA), das sich als besonders geeignet für die nicht‐kryogene Magnesiierung von fluorsubstituierten Arenen und Heteroarenen erwiesen hat, um Arylmagnesiumamide (ArMgDA) oderBis‐Heteroarylmagnesien (HetAr)2Mg in Kohlenwasserstoffen zu erhalten. Weitere Reaktionen mit Elektrophilen (Aldehyde, Ketone, Allylbromide, Arylhalogenide (Negishi‐Kreuzkupplung)) lieferten eine Reihe von polyfunktionellen fluorsubstituierten ungesättigten Bausteinen. Es wurden verschiedene Postfunktionalisierungen sowie NMR‐Untersuchungen beschrieben, die die dimere Struktur der Base bestätigten.
Cationic P,O‐Coordinated Nickel(II) Catalysts for Carbonylative Polymerization of Ethylene: Unexpected Productivity via Subtle Electronic Variation
Authors: Chen Shi‐Yu , Ren Bai‐Hao , Li Shi‐Huan , Song Yu‐Hang , Jiao Shuang , Zou Chen , Chen Changle , Lu Xiao‐Bing , Liu Ye
Published: May 2022

Transition‐metal‐catalyzed copolymerization of ethylene with carbon monoxide affords polyketones materials with excellent mechanical strength, photodegradability, surface and barrier properties. Unlike the widely used and rather expensive Pd catalysts, Ni‐catalyzed carbonylative polymerization is very difficult since the strong binding affinity of CO to Ni deactivates the highly electrophilic metal center easily. In this study, various cationic P,O‐coordinated Ni complexes were synthesized using the electronic modulation strategy, and the catalyst with strong electron‐donating substituents exhibits an excellent productivity of 104 g polymer (g Ni)−1, which represents a rare discovery that a Ni complex could operate with such exceptional efficiency in comparison with Pd catalysts. Notably, those Ni catalysts were also efficient for terpolymerization of ethylene, propylene with CO for producing commercial polyketone materials with low melting temperatures and easy processibility.
Oxadiazole: A highly versatile scaffold in drug discovery
Authors: Desai Nisheeth , Monapara Jahnvi , Jethawa Aratiba , Khedkar Vijay , Shingate Bapurao
Published: May 2022

As a pharmacologically important heterocycle, oxadiazole paved the way to combat the problem associated with the confluence of many commercially available drugs with different pharmacological profiles. The present review focuses on the potential applications of five‐membered heterocyclic oxadiazole derivatives, especially 1,2,4‐oxadiazole, 1,2,5‐oxadiazole, and 1,3,4‐oxadiazole, as therapeutic agents. Designing new hybrid molecules containing the oxadiazole moiety is a better solution for the development of new drug molecules. The designed molecules may accumulate a biological profile better than those of the drugs currently available on the market. The present review will guide the way for researchers in the field of medicinal chemistry to design new biologically active molecules based on the oxadiazole nucleus. Antitubercular, antimalarial, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐HIV, antibacterial, and anticancer activities of various oxadiazoles have been reviewed extensively here.
Nickel oxide hollow microsphere for the chemiluminescence determination of tuberculostatic drug isoniazid
Authors: Hassanpour‐Khaneghah Mahdiyeh , Iranifam Mortaza , Naseri Abdolhossein , Al Lawati Haider A. J.
Published: May 2022

In this article, nickel(II) oxide (NiO) hollow microspheres (HMSs) were fabricated and used to catalyze chemiluminescence (CL) reaction. The studied CL reaction is the luminol‐oxygen reaction that was used as a sensitive analytical tool for measuring tuberculostatic drug isoniazid (IND) in pharmaceutical formulations and water samples. The CL method was established based on the suppression impact of IND on the CL reaction. The NiO HMSs were produced by a simple hydrothermal method and characterized by several spectroscopic techniques. The result of essential parameters on the analytical performance of the CL method, including concentrations of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), luminol, and NiO HMSs were investigated. At the optimum conditions, the calibration curve for IND was linear in the range of 8.00 × 10−7 to 1.00 × 10−4 mol L−1 (R2 = 0.99). A detection limit (3S) of 2.00 × 10−7 mol L−1 was obtained for this method. The acceptable relative standard deviation (RSD) was obtained for the proposed CL method (2.63%, n = 10) for a 5.00 × 10−6 mol L−1 IND solution. The mechanism of the CL reaction was also discussed.
Psychotherapists' efforts to increase awareness of social privilege
Authors: Brown Jason , Lengyell Marguerite
Published: May 2022

Understanding the role of privilege in systemic oppression positions psychotherapists to engage in culturally oriented practice. Twenty‐five practising psychotherapists were asked: ‘How can psychotherapists increase their awareness of social privilege?’ Participants sorted 68 unique responses into six concepts. The concepts included: make yourself uncomfortable; embrace humility; learn from the community; involvement in social action; seek critical knowledge; and find like‐minded others in the profession. Recommendations for student training are offered.
Chemical Diversity and Biosynthesis of Drimane‐Type Sesquiterpenes in the Fungal Kingdom
Authors: Huang Ying , Valiante Vito
Published: May 2022

Drimane‐type sesquiterpenes are a class of compounds produced by a wide range of organisms, initially isolated and characterized in plants. Meanwhile, in the past 20–30 years, a large number of novel structures from many divergent fungi have been elucidated. Recently, the biosynthesis of drimane‐type sesquiterpenes and their esters has been explained in two filamentous fungi, namely Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus calidoustus, disclosing the basic biosynthetic principles needed to identify similar pathways in the fungal kingdom.
Decidual stromal cell therapy for generalized lymphadenopathy as a special clinical manifestation of COVID‐19 infection: A case report
Authors: Pirsalehi Ali , Soleimani Masoud , Hajifathali Abbas , Sadeghi Behnam , Farhadihosseinabadi Behrouz , Akhlaghi Sedigheh Sadat , Roshandel Elham
Published: May 2022

We are going through the greatest global health crisis of the last decades, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. It may cause morbidity and mortality in some cases, and there is no therapeutic approach with reproducible and favorable outcomes. As clinical manifestations differ from patient to patient, any report regarding clinical symptoms has been beneficial for early detection and treatment. Due to the immunomodulatory effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), MSCs‐based therapy has been approved to be one of the therapeutic strategies for COVID‐19 management. For the first time in the literature, we reported generalized lymphadenopathy with fever and no sign of respiratory distress in a 16‐year‐old patient with confirmed COVID‐19 infection as the main clinical signs. We also introduce decidual stromal cells as a potential immunomodulatory treatment for COVID‐19–infected patients.
Urinary bladder cavernous hemangioma in a 3‐year‐old: A rare case report
Authors: Odongo Charles Newton , Atwine Raymond , Kirya Fred , Okello Patrick Ambrose , Ogwang Eugene , Acan Moses , Bongomin Felix , Situma Martin
Published: May 2022

Cavernous hemangioma (CH) of urinary bladder occurs relatively infrequently, accounting for 0.6% of all bladder tumors. This tumor may occur sporadically or coexist with other benign and malignant vascular lesions. In this report, we present a rare case of CH in a 3‐year‐old Ugandan girl. A 3‐year‐old girl was referred to Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH) for urological evaluation following a 3‐year history of intravaginal swelling, dysuria, and heavy hematuria resulting in anemia. Imaging was consistent with polypoid bladder mass arising from the bladder trigone. Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma was suspected based on clinical eyeballing. She was worked up for chemotherapy and received 26 cycles of vincristine sulfate, actinomycin‐d, and cyclophosphamide (VAC). Biopsy and fulguration were performed after optimizing the patient. Histopathology confirmed CH. The surgery was uneventful and resulted in complete cure. CH should be considered in the differential diagnosis of childhood genitourinary masses. It is a rare entity in the real‐life clinical practice and therefore can be overlooked. Excision biopsy and histology should be performed before initiating the patients to chemotherapy. CH is very insensitive to chemotherapy and therefore surgery maybe adequate in resource‐limited settings.
High‐Performance Polyimide Nanofiber Membrane for Progressive and Safe Lithium‐Ion Batteries Guarded by a Zirconia Armor Layer
Authors: Li Xiaogang , Liu Kefan , Dong Nanxi , Wang Ruihan , Li Tengfei , Liu Bingxue , Qi Shengli , Wu Dezhen
Published: May 2022

Innovative technologies for the fabrication of separators possessing outstanding properties like superior thermostability, mechanical strength, and ultrahigh flame resistance are imperative for advanced and safe energy storage systems (ESSs). Nevertheless, there are lots of limitations to attain the requirements mentioned above for classic polymeric separators. Herein, to achieve all these goals, we fabricate a zirconia nanoshell@polyimide core formed in situ (ZrO2@PI in situ) as a nanofabric membrane via an innovative and convenient strategy to be used as a novel high‐performance flexible ceramic composite separator. Different from traditional ceramic‐coated separators, the in situ ZrO2@PI composite separator possesses a shell‐core structure obtained via an in situ absorption complexation and hydrolysis strategy, which endows ultrahigh flame resistance, superior wettability, thermostability, and excellent ionic conductivity. The NCM811 batteries installed with an in situ ZrO2@PI nanofabric separator displays the outstanding capacity of 159.0 mAh g−1 at 5 C, far higher than the cells assembled with a PI separator (146.2 mAh g−1) or Celgard‐2400 separator (125.1 mAh g−1) at the same 5 C. In addition, the cell manifests outstanding cycle performance, for which the capacity retention ratio is 89.4 % after 100 cycles at 1 C. All test results certify the ZrO2@PI composite separators formed in situ can be effectively applied in progressive and safe batteries.
A Multi‐Functional Separator for Li‐S Batteries: WS2@C Nanoflowers Catalyze the Rapid Recycling of Lithium Polysulfides by Polar Attraction
Authors: Xie Fanxuan , Xiong Man , Liu Jiapeng , Qian Jingwen , Mei Tao , Li Jinghua , Wang Jianyin , Yu Li , Hofmann Jan P. , Wang Xianbao
Published: May 2022

Featuring high theoretical capacity, environmental friendliness and low cost, lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries become promising alternatives to satisfy the growing demand for energy storage. To boost their energy density for practical application, modified separators are needed to suppress shuttle effects resulting from the solubility of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). Herein, we modified traditional polypropylene (PP) separators with functional WS2@C nanoflower composites (WS2@C‐PP). They can effectively adsorb LiPSs and catalyze their conversion on the edge sites of the WS2. Also, the unique construction of a carbon layer coating on the WS2 nanoflowers combines active sites and conducting properties. The material benefits the reversibility of redox reactions and reutilization of active materials. With the WS2@C‐PP separator, the cell displays improved cycling stability and rate performance. When cycling at 0.1 C, the cell discharges a capacity of up to 1475 mAh g−1, and it contributes 943 mAh g−1 originally at 1 C, with a decay rate of only 0.07 % after 500 cycles. Our work highlights the potential of functional separators to advance the properties of Li‐S batteries.
Chemically Modified Poly(A) Analogs Targeting PABP: Structure Activity Relationship and Translation Inhibitory Properties
Authors: Perzanowska Olga , Smietanski Miroslaw , Jemielity Jacek , Kowalska Joanna
Published: May 2022

Poly(A)‐binding protein (PABP) is an essential element of cellular translational machinery. Recent studies have revealed that poly(A) tail modifications can modulate mRNA stability and translational potential, and that oligoadenylate‐derived PABP ligands can act as effective translational inhibitors with potential applications in pain management. Although extensive research has focused on protein‐RNA and protein‐protein interactions involving PABPs, further studies are required to examine the ligand specificity of PABP. In this study, we developed a microscale thermophoresis‐based assay to probe the interactions between PABP and oligoadenylate analogs containing different chemical modifications. Using this method, we evaluated oligoadenylate analogs modified with nucleobase, ribose, and phosphate moieties to identify modification hotspots. In addition, we determined the susceptibility of the modified oligos to CNOT7 to identify those with the potential for increased cellular stability. Consequently, we selected two enzymatically stable oligoadenylate analogs that inhibit translation in rabbit reticulocyte lysates with a higher potency than a previously reported PABP ligand. We believe that the results presented in this study and the implemented methodology can be capitalized upon in the future development of RNA‐based biological tools.
Photochemical Synthesis of the Bioactive Fragment of Salbutamol and Derivatives in a Self‐Optimizing Flow Chemistry Platform
Authors: Gérardy Romaric , Nambiar Anirudh M. K. , Hart Travis , Mahesh Prajwal T. , Jensen Klavs F.
Published: May 2022

The implementation of self‐optimizing flow reactors has been mostly limited to model reactions or known synthesis routes. In this work, a self‐optimizing flow photochemistry platform is used to develop an original synthesis of the bioactive fragment of Salbutamol and derivatives. The key photochemical steps for the construction of the aryl vicinyl amino alcohol moiety consist of a C−C bond forming reaction followed by an unprecedented, high yielding (>80 %), benzylic oxidative cyclization.
Intersecting identities and cancer screening
Authors: Tergas Ana I.
Published: May 2022

Individuals identifying as both Hispanic and a sexual minority have the lowest odds of ever undergoing cervical cancer screening in comparison with non‐Hispanic White heterosexual individuals. We must eliminate screening barriers for marginalized populations, in particular those individuals at the intersection of more than 1 marginalized identity.
Mycophenolate mofetil for immune checkpoint inhibitor‐related hepatotoxicity relapsing during dose reduction of corticosteroid: A report of two cases and literature review
Authors: Ueno Masayuki , Takabatake Hiroyuki , Hata Ayako , Kayahara Takahisa , Morimoto Youichi , Notohara Kenji , Mizuno Motowo
Published: May 2022

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) sometimes cause immune‐related liver injury, which can lead to cessation of treatment, hospitalization, and even mortality. Although high‐dose corticosteroids are usually effective in treatment of ICI‐related liver injury, one fifth of affected patients require additional immunosuppressive therapy. It remains uncertain how best to treat ICI‐related liver injury that relapses under corticosteroid therapy after temporary remission.

Case

Here we report two cases of ICI‐related liver injury successfully treated with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). In the first case, a 74‐year‐old man with stage IIIA lung cancer underwent curative chemoradiotherapy. After the second infusion of durvalumab, grade 3 ICI‐related liver injury (mixed pattern) developed. In the second case, a 46‐year‐old man with stage IVB lung cancer received pembrolizumab‐containing chemotherapy. After the first cycle, grade 2 ICI‐related hepatitis developed. In the both cases, liver injury improved with high‐dose prednisolone but relapsed during tapering of the drug. After liver biopsy was performed to confirm the diagnosis of ICI‐related liver injury, MMF (2000 mg/day) was added. MMF was effective for both patients and permitted discontinuation or reduction of prednisolone.

Conclusion

MMF appears to be an appropriate treatment option for ICI‐related liver injury that respond to high‐dose corticosteroids but relapse during steroid tapering.
Illicit fentanyl cited huge increase in teen OD deaths
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: May 2022

A 94% increase in adolescent overdose deaths from 2019 to 2020, and provisionally another huge increase in 2021, has led researchers to call for immediate measures to address the problem.
Night‐to‐night variation in sleep associates with day‐to‐day variation in vigilance, cognition, memory, and behavioral problems in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Balouch Sara , Dijk Dylan A.D. , Rusted Jennifer , Skene Simon S. , Tabet Naji , Dijk Derk‐Jan
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Sleep disturbances are commonly reported in people living with Alzheimer's disease (AD), but it is currently unknown whether night‐to‐night variation in sleep predicts day‐to‐day variation in vigilance, cognition, mood, and behavior (daytime measures).

Methods

Subjective and objective sleep and daytime measures were collected daily for 2 weeks in 15 participants with mild AD, eight participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 22 participants with no cognitive impairment (NCI). Associations between daytime measures and four principal components of sleep (duration, quality, continuity, and latency) were quantified using mixed‐model regression.

Results

Sleepiness, alertness, contentedness, everyday memory errors, serial subtraction, and behavioral problems were predicted by at least one of the components of sleep, and in particular sleep duration and continuity. Associations between variations in sleep and daytime measures were linear or quadratic and often different between participants with AD and those with NCI.

Discussion

These findings imply that daytime functioning in people with AD may be improved by interventions that target sleep continuity.
CD11c identifies microbiota and EGR2‐dependent MHCII+ serous cavity macrophages with sexually dimorphic fate in mice
Authors: Bain Calum C. , Louwe Pieter A. , Steers Nicholas J. , Bravo‐Blas Alberto , Hegarty Lizi M. , Pridans Clare , Milling Simon W.F. , MacDonald Andrew S. , Rückerl Dominik , Jenkins Stephen J.
Published: May 2022

The murine serous cavities contain a rare and enigmatic population of short‐lived F4/80loMHCII+ macrophages but what regulates their development, survival, and fate is unclear. Here, we show that mature F4/80loMHCII+ peritoneal macrophages arise after birth, but that this occurs largely independently of colonization by microbiota. Rather, microbiota specifically regulate development of a subpopulation of CD11c+ cells that express the immunoregulatory cytokine RELM‐α, are reliant on the transcription factor EGR2, and develop independently of the growth factor CSF1. Furthermore, we demonstrate that intrinsic expression of RELM‐α, a signature marker shared by CD11c+ and CD11c– F4/80loMHCII+ cavity macrophages, regulates survival and differentiation of these cells in the peritoneal cavity in a sex‐specific manner. Thus, we identify a previously unappreciated diversity in serous cavity F4/80loMHCII+ macrophages that is regulated by microbiota, and describe a novel sex and site‐specific function for RELM‐α in regulating macrophage endurance that reveals the unique survival challenge presented to monocyte‐derived macrophages by the female peritoneal environment.
Molecular Iodine‐Catalysed Reductive Alkylation of Indoles: Late‐Stage Diversification for Bioactive Molecules
Authors: Cheng Xionglve , Wang Lili , Liu Yide , Wan Xiao , Xiang Zixin , Li Ruyi , Wan Xiaobing
Published: May 2022

Herein, we report a molecular iodine‐catalysed reductive alkylation of indoles with carbonyl compounds using Et3SiH for the efficient synthesis of C3‐alkylated indoles. This metal‐free and environmental‐friendly process exhibits excellent functional group tolerance, mild conditions, and wide substrate scope. Notably, the synthetic usefulness of this strategy to pharmacochemistry was highlighted by the late‐stage modification of drug‐like molecules.
CurFi: An automated tool to find the best regression analysis model using curve fitting
Authors: Roy Ayon , Al Zubayer Tausif , Tabassum Nafisa , Islam Muhammad Nazrul , Sattar Md. Abdus
Published: May 2022

Regression analysis is a well known quantitative research method that primarily explores the relationship between one or more independent variables and a dependent variable. Conducting regression analysis manually on large datasets with multiple independent variables can be tedious. An automated system for regression analysis will be of great help for researchers as well as non‐expert users. Thus, the objective of this research is to design and develop an automated curve fitting system. As outcome, a curve fitting system named “CurFi” was developed that uses linear regression models to fit a curve to a dataset and to find out the best fit model. The system facilitates to upload a dataset, split the dataset into training set and test set, select relevant features and label from the dataset; and the system will return the best fit linear regression model after training is completed. The developed tool would be a great resource for the users having limited technical knowledge who will also be able to find the best fit regression model for a dataset using the developed “CurFi” system.
Kinematic response of vertical and batter pile groups in non‐linear soft soil
Authors: Cemalovic Miran , Husebø Jan B. , Kaynia Amir M.
Published: May 2022

This paper presents a comprehensive numerical study on kinematic response of vertical and batter pile groups in soft soil, where soil non‐linearity, batter angle, pile spacing and excitation frequency are related to pile‐cap displacements, rotations, maximum pile moments, shear forces and axial forces. The finite element model is constructed in OpenSees MP, and parallel computing is utilized for a better (faster) performance. Results reveal that soil non‐linearity has a profound impact on the kinematic interaction. Increasing batter angle decreases horizontal displacements but increases rotations. Batter pile groups yield lower spectral accelerations compared to vertical pile groups. For high , the spectral accelerations of the pile‐cap may be lower compared to the spectral acceleration of the seismic input motion. Estimation using non‐linear interaction factors conservatively estimates pile‐cap displacements and rotations, while roughly captures the effects with respect to batter angle and frequency content within the specified framework.
Strategizing and economizing in global strategy
Authors: Asmussen Christian Geisler , Foss Nicolai J.
Published: May 2022

Research summary

The strategic management and international business fields have followed, in some respects, quite similar intellectual trajectories, as reflected in the push for a field of “global strategy.” However, a key distinction in the strategy literature—namely, Williamson's distinction between “strategizing” and “economizing”—has not been explicitly recognized in the international business/global strategy fields. We argue that progress can be made in global strategy by recognizing this distinction and exploring the interaction between “strategizing” and “economizing.” To lend credence to this claim, we offer a simple model of the entry decision which highlights both economizing and strategizing aspects of this decision. We also offer recommendations on economizing‐strategizing research in global strategy.

Managerial summary

Multinational enterprises gain competitive advantage either by improving the efficiency with which they operate (by having unique resources, lowering costs, or improving managerial practices) or by exercising their market and bargaining power. Most research has emphasized the former source of competitive advantage. However, in actuality, the two sources are intertwined. We detail how they are intertwined by means of a simple numerical example of the entry decision facing a company that can choose between competing or collaborating with the local firm. We show that strategizing plays into the entry decision in this case.