bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Model test study on the effect of dynamic compaction under low water content
Authors: Zhang Xiaoshuang , Wang Min , Han Yunshan
Published: June 2021

Dynamic compaction is a cost-effective foundation treatment technology, that is widely used in various types and conditions of foundations. However, due to the limitation of natural conditions (water content between 3% and 8%) in north-western China, it is difficult to meet the requirements of the optimal water content during dynamic compaction. To better treat a foundation with a low water content, a series of model tests were carried out by using homemade test equipment to study the influence of the ramming energy and η value on the efficiency of dynamic compaction under a low water content. The results showed that the improvement of the energy level could compensate for the poor effect of dynamic compaction caused by a low water content in arid regions. Compared with that at the optimal water content, the efficiency of dynamic compaction was 58.1% to 66.2% at a low water content and excited the optimal energy level. Increasing the η value was also beneficial to improving the effect of dynamic compaction. Hence, the optimal energy level combined with the appropriate η value is of great merit in treating the foundation of arid regions by using the dynamic compaction method, which provides new parameter suggestions and engineering guidance for dynamic compaction construction in arid areas.
Single-cell RNA-seq landscape midbrain cell responses to red spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus infection
Authors: Wang Qing , Peng Cheng , Yang Min , Huang Fengqi , Duan Xuzhuo , Wang Shaowen , Cheng Huitao , Yang Huirong , Zhao Huihong , Qin Qiwei
Published: June 2021

Viral nervous necrosis (VNN) is an acute and serious fish disease caused by nervous necrosis virus (NNV) which has been reported massive mortality in more than fifty teleost species worldwide. VNN causes damage of necrosis and vacuolation to central nervous system (CNS) cells in fish. It is difficult to identify the specific type of cell targeted by NNV, and to decipher the host immune response because of the functional diversity and highly complex anatomical and cellular composition of the CNS. In this study, we found that the red spotted grouper NNV (RGNNV) mainly attacked the midbrain of orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). We conducted single-cell RNA-seq analysis of the midbrain of healthy and RGNNV-infected fish and identified 35 transcriptionally distinct cell subtypes, including 28 neuronal and 7 non-neuronal cell types. An evaluation of the subpopulations of immune cells revealed that macrophages were enriched in RGNNV-infected fish, and the transcriptional profiles of macrophages indicated an acute cytokine and inflammatory response. Unsupervised pseudotime analysis of immune cells showed that microglia transformed into M1-type activated macrophages to produce cytokines to reduce the damage to nerve tissue caused by the virus. We also found that RGNNV targeted neuronal cell types was GLU1 and GLU3, and we found that the key genes and pathways by which causes cell cytoplasmic vacuoles and autophagy significant enrichment, this may be the major route viruses cause cell death. These data provided a comprehensive transcriptional perspective of the grouper midbrain and the basis for further research on how viruses infect the teleost CNS.
Oppositional gaze or revenge? A critical ideological analysis of foreignness and foreign identities in Nollywood feature films
Authors: Uzuegbunam Chikezie E.
Published: June 2021

The media, including popular media such as music and films, often generate conversations about different spectrums of society. Due to an overabundance of imagery and sounds from the media, including television, film, advertising, social media and the internet, audiences are constantly bombarded with stereotypes and ideologies about other races and identities. As an exponentially growing popular culture industry, Nollywood – the Nigerian movie industry – positions itself as a source of knowledge and popular discourse about issues emanating from the continent and other places. With this growth, Nollywood seems to have been given a spot in the political circle of identity politics, giving it the power to represent the ‘Others’. This study interrogates the theme of identity construction in African films by focusing on the ways in which some select Nollywood films of the early and late 2000s and early 2010s frame and construct foreign races and foreign societies, using critical ideological analysis and the framework of critical race theory. Representations and portrayals of difference in the analysed movies could be serving some ‘revenge’ of sorts, transgressing age-long representations of Black people in Blaxploitation films. The multiplex representations as seen in the analyses serve the primary purpose of such stereotypes: to reproduce and to reaffirm prejudices that over time become naturalized and normalized. The study thematically specifies the significant use of labels, stereotypes and certain orthodoxies that aim to frame and characterize foreign societies in popular Nigerian films and suggests some broader implications of the findings.
On the unity between observational and experimental causal discovery
Authors: Zhang Jiji
Published: June 2021

In “Flagpoles anyone? Causal and explanatory asymmetries”, James Woodward supplements his celebrated interventionist account of causation and explanation with a set of new ideas about causal and explanatory asymmetries, which he extracts from some cutting-edge methods for causal discovery from observational data. Among other things, Woodward draws interesting connections between observational causal discovery and interventionist themes that are inspired in the first place by experimental causal discovery, alluding to a sort of unity between observational and experimental causal discovery. In this paper, I make explicit what I take to be the implicated unity. Like experimental causal discovery, observational causal discovery also relies on interventions (or exogenous variations, to be more accurate), albeit interventions that are not carried out by investigators and hence need to be detected as part of the inference. The observational patterns appealed to in observational causal discovery are not only surrogates for would-be interventions, as Woodward sometimes puts it; they also serve to mark relevant interventions that actually happen in the data generating process.
Economic effects of grouse-friendly forest management
Authors: Haara Arto , Matala Juho , Melin Markus , Miettinen Janne , Korhonen Kari , Packalen Tuula , Varjo Jari
Published: June 2021

Traditional timber production may have negative effects on other ecosystem services. Therefore, new forest management guidelines have been developed in order to enhance a habitat suitable for wildlife. In Finland, a recent example of this is grouse-friendly forest management (GFFM) which emphasises the preservation of grouse species (Tetronidae) habitats. This study aimed to analyse the economic effects of these guidelines. An analysis was made on how the application of GFFM affected the Net Present Value (NPV) in a 30-year simulation of forest management of four large forest holdings located from south to north in Finland. In the simulations, traditional forest management practices were compared to two levels of GFFM. Five levels of interest rate were used, namely 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5%. In most of the simulations, the NPV was reduced by about 1% or less due to the application of GFFM in comparison to the traditional reference forest management. Only in one case with more intensive GFFM, was the reduction of NPV more than 5%. The interest rates had an impact on the differences between the management approaches. For example, a low interest rate resulted in a higher thinning intensity in GFFM in comparison to traditional forest management, which lead to a higher NPV in GFFM. To sum up, it seems that it would be possible to manage forest holdings in a grouse-friendly manner with minor effects on the economics.
Evaluation on Success of Graduating with Distinction in Higher Education using Fuzzy DEMATEL Method
Authors: Jibril Mustefa
Published: June 2021

The aim of this paper is the evaluation of the success of graduating with distinction in higher education (SGDHE) using the fuzzy DEMATEL method. The observation has been done using cause and effect criteria. 11 cause and 14 effect clusters have been used in this study. The study result of this work shows that all the effects are connected to the given causes and a cause-effect graph has been generated for each connection. This proposed approach is demonstrated with the empirical case of Dire Dawa University students in Dire Dawa Ethiopia.
Continuing Medical Education Questions: July 2021
Authors: Asombang Akwi W.
Published: June 2021

Article Title: Spontaneous internal pancreatic fistulae complicating acute pancreatitis
El paisaje cultural a través de los relatos sobre los ahuaques en San Miguel Tlaixpan, Texcoco.
Authors: Montiel Rogel Alma Patricia
Published: June 2021

El siguiente texto tiene como propósito analizar el paisaje cultural de San Miguel Tlaixpan como resultado de la representación simbólica de los manantiales y ríos contenida en los relatos sobre los ahuaques, espíritus que residen en cuerpos de agua. Para ello, se partió de las reflexiones de la geografía cultural y de la recopilación de material mediante trabajo de campo (entrevistas y observación no participativa) y de gabinete (fuentes primarias como códices, mapas antiguos y crónicas). Asimismo, se integraron mapas para entender, por un lado, las distintas representaciones espaciales antiguas de la comunidad y, por otro lado, señalar los sitios relevantes dentro del paisaje cultural por la referencia a estas entidades.
Adaptive Learning for Early Childhood Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Aceh Jaya District: Online vs. Offline
Authors: Fitri Mardi , Abdul Latif Muhammad
Published: June 2021

The issues of teacher facilities and abilities are still a learning obstacle in the pandemic era. Moreover, these issues lead to the non-uniformity of the learning process implementation in early childhood education in Aceh Jaya District. This study analyzes in-depth the reality of the learning process in early childhood education in the pandemic era. This study was conducted using a descriptive qualitative method. The site for the study is in Ceudah Mulia Kindergarten, Teunom District, and Al-Hidayah Kindergarten, Pasie Raya District. Data collection methods were through observation, interviews, and documentation. Analysis of research data was using Miles and Huberman model. The validity tests for the data we are using triangulation of sources and techniques. The results showed that there was a difference between Ceudah Mulia Kindergarten and Al-Hidayah Kindergarten. Ceudah Mulia Kindergarten conducts online learning via WhatsApp by giving assignments and exciting games with parental guidance. Meanwhile, Al-Hidayah Kindergarten does not use social media platforms or other online learning methods due to various limitations, such as common understanding of technology, the availability of inadequate technology facilities owned by schools and parents of students. Al-Hidayah Kindergarten conducts learning by inviting parents and assigning assignments to students, and the children's work is returned to the school for assessment. However, the role of parents in synergizing with teachers during the learning process of early childhood students in the COVID-19 pandemic situation has become key. This study illustrates that not all regions have the same access to implementing early childhood education learning in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings of this study have several important implications for future practice.
Crystal structure of N′,N′′′-((1E,1′E)-(propane-2,2-diylbis(1H-pyrrole-5,2diyl))bis(methaneylylidene))di(nicotinohydrazide) pentahydrate, C25H24N8O2·5H2O
Authors: Zhou Yi , Zhang Min , Xiong Ying
Published: June 2021

C25H34N8O7, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P‾{1}$

(no. 2), a = 7.507(2) Å, b = 8.0276(18) Å, c = 23.653(6) Å, α = 93.062(8)°, β = 97.015(9)°, γ = 99.478(8)°, V = 1391.4(6) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0473, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1477, T = 273 K.
The crystal structure of [μ-hydroxido-bis[(5,5′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine-κ2
N,N′)-tricarbonylrhenium(I)] bromide hemihydrate, C30H26N4O9Re2Br
Authors: Moherane Lehlohonolo , Alexander Orbett T. , Visser Hendrik G. , Manicum Amanda-Lee E.
Published: June 2021

C30H26N4O9Re2Br, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P\bar{1}$

(no. 2), a = 9.407(6) Å, b = 11.769(8) Å, c = 15.055(11) Å, α = 82.70(2)°, β = 76.68(3)°, γ = 77.364(2)°, V = 1577.5(19) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0291, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0868, T = 100 K.
Language biographies and multilingual language use: A sociolinguistic study of young refugees from Syria, Iran, and Afghanistan living in Germany
Authors: Holzer Johanna
Published: June 2021

This paper describes the individual experiences with migration-related multilingualism of young refugees from Syria, Iran, and Afghanistan living in Germany. Young refugees are a social group of particular linguistic interest because their late L2 learning takes place with limited family background and limited maintenance of heritage language and culture. These interview excerpts are connected to the current dissertation project titled“Sprachbiographien: Das Beispiel junger Geflüchteter aus Syrien, Iran und Afghanistan”(“Language Biographies: The example of young refugees from Syria, Iran and Afghanistan”). The nonrepresentative corpus of the study comprises 21 language biographical interviews with female and male refugees between 17 and 27 years. Specific guidelines were adhered to obtain insights into participants’ languages and cultural identities with a special focus on strategies of multilingual performances. The aim of this article is to show how young refugees’ language biographies are influenced by multilingual language use, based on selected samples from this survey.
Carbonyl pigments: miscellaneous types
Authors: Christie Robert , Abel Adrian
Published: June 2021

Carbonyl pigments are characterized by the presence of one or more carbonyl (C = O) groups in their structures, generally as a component of the chromophoric grouping and as part of an extended conjugated π-electron system. Structurally, they constitute a diverse group of pigments that offer a wide range of colors throughout the spectrum, and most of them provide high levels of technical performance. This paper provides a description of the historical development of thioindigoid, isoindoline, isoindolinone, and quinophthalone pigment types, and discusses their molecular and crystal structures in relation to their properties, the synthetic procedures used in their manufacture and their principal applications. They provide some of the most important high-performance yellow organic pigments for demanding applications in paints, inks, and plastics. Separate individual chapters in this series are devoted the anthraquinonoid, quinacridone, diketopyrrolopyrrole, perylene, and perinone carbonyl pigment subclasses.
Disazo (Bishydrazone) pigments based on pyrazolones
Authors: Christie Robert , Abel Adrian
Published: June 2021

The most important classical orange organic pigments are disazopyrazolones, also referred to as diarylide oranges. The first pigment in this series, CI Pigment Orange 13, was discovered in 1910 although it was a further 20 years before it was introduced as a commercial product. Currently, two orange disazopyrazolones are extremely important industrial organic pigments, while two red products are of lesser importance. The products are structurally analogous to the disazoacetoacetanilides (diarylide yellows), which are discussed in a separate chapter. For example, they are symmetrical compounds that exist in the bis-ketohydrazone tautomeric form. The pigments also exhibit similar technical and color properties compared with disazoacetoacetanilide pigments, for example providing high color strength and transparency, features that determine their importance as printing ink pigments. They are manufactured in a process that parallels those used for the disazoacetoacetanilide (diarylide) yellows, but with coupling components containing the pyrazolone heterocyclic system, in place of acetoacetanilides.
Monoazo (Monohydrazone) pigments based on acetoacetanilides
Authors: Christie Robert , Abel Adrian
Published: June 2021

The monoazoacetoacetanilide series of pigments, traditionally known as Hansa Yellows, are long-established products that entered the market in the early twentieth century. They are mostly inexpensive products offering bright colors of moderate intensity covering the entire yellow area of the spectrum, good lightfastness, but inferior solvent resistance. The technical properties of the pigments may be explained by their molecular structures, which adopt the ketohydrazone tautomeric form, and their crystal structures. Their good lightfastness is attributed mainly to intramolecular hydrogen-bonding, while their generally inferior fastness to organic solvents is explained by the relatively weak intermolecular interactions in the crystal structure. The monoazoacetanilide pigments are synthesized by the traditional two-stage process of diazotization of a primary aromatic amine, followed by an azo coupling reaction of the resulting diazonium salt with an acetoacetanilide coupling component. Their main use is in decorative paints, although a few products are suitable for printing inks.
Monoazo (Monohydrazone) pigments based on 2-naphthol and derivatives
Authors: Christie Robert , Abel Adrian
Published: June 2021

This chapter describes the range of industrial monoazo pigments based on the 2-naphthol (β-naphthol) ring system. This group includes some of the earliest organic pigments introduced commercially and is also numerically the largest group of products currently described in the Colour Index. Most of the pigments within this group are red (with a few oranges), thus complementing the azoacetoacetanilides, which are mostly yellows. Three groups of monoazonaphthol-based pigments may be identified categorized according to the chemical structure of the coupling components used in their synthesis. The first group contains products based on 2-naphthol itself, a second is based on amide derivatives of 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (naphtharylamides), and the third is a series of metal salt azo pigments. The historical development of these pigments, outlined in an early section of this chapter, originated in the late 19th century with pigments described as ‘lakes’, derived from water-soluble anionic dyes absorbed on to inert colorless substrates, which were the forerunners of products now referred to as metal salt pigments. The non-ionic 2-naphthol-based pigments were introduced soon after. In the early to mid-20th century, a series of monoazonaphtharylamide (Naphthol AS) pigments were developed and introduced commercially. The pigments of this type that are currently manufactured can be sub-divided into products containing a single amide group (group 1) and higher performance products containing more than one amide or sulfonamide groups. Several group 1 pigments have diminished in importance over the years, while some higher performing group 2 pigments have grown in importance. The molecular and crystal structures of the range of pigments are presented and discussed in relation to their performance characteristics. The manufacture of the pigments involves the reaction of a diazotized aromatic amine with the appropriate 2-naphthol-based coupling component, using synthesis conditions typical of phenolic coupling components, followed by conditioning aftertreatments that are typical for azo pigments in general. Finally, there is an extensive discussion of the wide-ranging applications in which the individual pigments are used. While the pigments are especially well-suited to printing ink applications, many products also find use in paints and a few in plastics.
Quinacridone pigments
Authors: Christie Robert , Abel Adrian
Published: June 2021

This chapter surveys the structural and synthetic chemistry and the industrial applications of quinacridones, a small but extremely important group of high-performance carbonyl (or polycyclic) organic pigments. They are based on one of the most important new chromophoric systems developed specifically for pigment applications after the introduction of the phthalocyanines, and currently occupy a prominent position in the red to violet shade areas. A historical perspective on the discovery and commercial development of the quinacridones is presented initially. There then follows an illustrated discussion of the structural chemistry of the pigments, encompassing both molecular and crystal structures. Throughout the chapter, specific features of their molecular structures and the nature of the intermolecular association within the crystals are related to their influence on the color and technical performance in application, in which they exhibit some of the highest standards of heat stability, solvent resistance, and fastness to light and weather encountered in organic pigments. Finally, a survey of the principal current applications of the specific individual commercial quinacridone pigments is presented.
Intermetallic phases in the Sc–Ir–In system – synthesis and structure of Sc1.024Ir2In0.976and Sc3Ir1.467In4
Authors: Gulay Nataliya L. , Kalychak Yaroslav M. , Pöttgen Rainer
Published: June 2021

The intermetallic scandium compounds Sc1.024Ir2In0.976and Sc3Ir1.467In4were synthesized by reactions of the elements in sealed tantalum ampoules at high temperature followed by annealing for crystal growth. Both structures were refined from single-crystal X-ray diffractometer data: MnCu2Al type,Fm3‾m$Fm‾{3}m$,a = 639.97(19) pm,wR2 = 0.0376, 41F2values, seven variables for Sc1.024Ir2In0.976andP6‾$P‾{6}$,a = 769.99(5),c = 684.71(4) pm,wR2 = 0.0371, 967F2values, 33 variables for Sc3Ir1.467In4. Sc1.024Ir2In0.976is a new Heusler phase with a small homogeneity range due to Sc/In and In/Sc mixing. The structure of Sc3Ir1.467In4is closely related to that of Sc3Rh1.594In4and belongs to the large family of ZrNiAl superstructures. The striking structural motif is the ordered stacking of empty In6and filled Ir@In6prisms with Ir–In distances of 269 pm.
Psychosocial Prediction of Self-Injurious Behavior: A Comparison of Two Populations
Authors: Sitton Melissa J. , Du Rocher Schudlich Tina , Byrne Christina
Published: June 2021

A psychosocial approach to predicting self-injurious behavior (SIB) may allow for more accurate predictions and enhance intervention for individuals who engage in SIB. We examined psychosocial predictors of SIB within and between two populations: individuals with traits of borderline personality disorder (BPD; N = 60) and college students (N = 116). All participants met the inclusion criteria of engaging in SIB at least once in the past year. All participants completed measures of psychological distress, social functioning, and SIB. Methods of SIB did not vary across samples, but SIB rates did. Psychological distress and population type (BPD or student) predicted SIB, whereas social factors did not. Additionally, we found a significant interaction wherein psychological distress was more related to SIB in individuals with traits of BPD. Accordingly, we recommend that counselors consider population and psychological distress when assessing SIB risk in clients.
Military Spouses’ Perceptions of Suicide in the Military Spouse Community
Authors: Cole Rebekah F. , Cowan Rebecca G. , Dunn Hayley , Lincoln Taryn
Published: June 2021

Newly released data from the U.S. Department of Defense shows military spouse suicide to be an imminent concern for the U.S. military. Currently, there is an absence of research in the counseling profession related to suicide prevention and intervention for this population. Therefore, this qualitative phenomenological study explored the perceptions of military spouses regarding suicide within their community. Ten military spouses were interviewed twice and were asked to provide written responses to follow-up questions. Six main themes emerged: (a) loss of control, (b) loss of identity, (c) fear of seeking mental health services, (d) difficulty accessing mental health services, (e) the military spouse community as a protective factor, and (f) desire for better communication about available mental health resources. Implications for practicing counselors and military leadership in helping to prevent military spouse suicide as well as recommendations for future research regarding ways to support military spouse mental health and prevent suicide in this community are included.
“I Am Strong. Mentally Strong!”: Psychosocial Strengths of International Graduate Students of Color
Authors: Anandavalli S , Borders L. DiAnne , Kniffin Lori E.
Published: June 2021

Positioned at a unique intersection of managing academic pressures and embodying racial and ethnic minority identity status, international graduate students of color (IGSCs) are frequent targets of multiple stressors. Unfortunately, extant counseling literature offers counselors little information on the psychosocial strengths IGSCs employ (e.g., strong familial bond, friendships) to cope with such stressors. To address this gap, interviews with eight IGSC participants were conducted and analyzed using interpretive phenomenological analysis and the lens of the intersectionality framework. Five psychosocial strengths were identified—familial support, social connections, academic aspirations and persistence, personal growth and resourcefulness, and resistance and critical consciousness. Recommendations for employing an asset-based approach in counseling and counselor education are offered.
Vicarious Grief in Supervision: Considerations for Doctoral Students Supervising Counselors-in-Training
Authors: Richmond Samara G. , Samuels Amber M. , Crunk A. Elizabeth
Published: June 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about collective experiences of grief; thus, counselors-in-training (CITs) and their doctoral student supervisors may encounter increases in grief-oriented clinical work. In considering how to support CITs’ work with grieving clients, doctoral supervisors should be prepared to help CITs manage experiences of vicarious grief (VG). Given the ubiquity of loss and the limited amount of grief-specific coursework in counselor training, CITs could benefit from exploring their experiences of VG with their doctoral supervisors in clinical supervision—a core area of training for doctoral students enrolled in counselor education programs accredited by the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs. In this manuscript, we (a) provide an overview of the literature on VG, (b) discuss the potential impact of VG on CITs, (c) present a case study illustrating attention to VG in supervision, and (d) provide practical strategies doctoral supervisors can employ when addressing VG in supervision, drawing on Bernard and Goodyear’s discrimination model.
Análisis sobre comportamientos éticos en la educación virtual
Authors: Parra Castrillón Eucario
Published: June 2021

El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar las percepciones sobre comportamientos éticos en los ambientes virtuales de aprendizaje de educación superior. Se utilizó un enfoque metodológico mixto con técnicas cualitativas para comprender las impresiones de sus estudiantes, profesores y egresados sobre la autenticidad, alteridad, sentimientos y conductas en los procesos formativos; además, se usaron técnicas estadísticas para conocer las opiniones extrínsecas sobre su credibilidad y confianza. Se aplicaron dos encuestas, tres grupos focales y nueve entrevistas en profundidad. Los resultados mostraron que hacia afuera de la educación virtual hay desconfianza sobre la autenticidad y conducta de los participantes, mientras que internamente se hallaron perspectivas sobre los compromisos éticos de los participantes en procesos de aprendizaje y gestión institucional. Se encontró que, en los ambientes virtuales, los profesores, estudiantes, directivos y gestores deben demostrar autonomía responsable consigo mismos y con los otros. Con base en los hallazgos se propuso un código de ética para la educación virtual.
La enseñanza del espacio estático: un estudio descriptivo en lenguas emparentadas
Authors: Ríos Martínez Jhon Fredy , Ramírez Osorio José Fernando , Loaiza Trujillo Nolbert Alberto
Published: June 2021

En el presente artículo, se muestran los resultados parciales de un estudio sobre las herramientas, los procedimientos y las dificultades que los profesores de francés como lengua extranjera enfrentan a la hora de enseñar las relaciones espaciales estáticas. El análisis comparativo y cualitativo incluyó 1) los procedimientos pedagógicos aplicados por un grupo de docentes, 2) la propuesta metodológica presentada por los manuales para la enseñanza del espacio, 3) la observación de la acción pedagógica en cuanto a las relaciones espaciales y 4) la literatura sobre espacio estático. El método empleado fue el enfoque descriptivo para las ciencias humanas apoyado en el contraste y la sistematización de la información. Los resultados ponen en evidencia las características que definen las representaciones conceptuales del espacio.
La imperiosa necesidad del bacalao: Puerto Rico y Terranova en la Ecología-Mundo
Authors: Valdés Pizzini Manuel
Published: June 2021

Este artículo explora, por medio del examen y análisis de estudios antropológicos, históricos y de las fuentes documentales de varios archivos, la relación entre Puerto Rico y Terranova, como consumidores y productores de pescado salado, respectivamente. El bacalao fue un alimento barato usado para sostener a la fuerza de trabajo esclavizada y libre en la larga duración caribeña y trasatlántica. El desarrollo del capitalismo, según Jason Moore, ha dependido de la expansión de las fronteras productivas (zonas de explotación de mano de obra y recursos) y de la extracción y consumo de insumos baratos. Para ello, ha dependido de la extracción de un excedente ecológico basado, en este caso, en la apropiación del trabajo no remunerado de mujeres y niños. El bacalao se produjo en unas condiciones de explotación y trabajo no remunerado de hombres, mujeres y niños en Terranova, para alimentar a familias pobres en Puerto Rico. El objetivo principal de este trabajo consiste aplicar esos planteamientos teóricos de Moore, en el análisis de esas dos formaciones sociales, que han sido colonias de poderes imperiales; ambas vinculadas en una Ecología-Mundo basada en la producción y el consumo del bacalao; un proceso mediado por las clases mercantiles de ambos territorios. Las islas caribeñas estuvieron vinculadas a ese comercio trasatlántico (que incluía esclavos, melaza, rones y maderas) a través de intercambios con Terranova y Nueva Inglaterra, desde el siglo XVI. Los siglos XIX y XX, con el auge de la producción azucarera en Puerto Rico, fueron determinantes en establecer ese patrón de consumo y Terranova fue uno de los principales productores y suplidores de ese producto a Puerto Rico y el Caribe, manteniendo una estrategia de expansión de la frontera productiva, saliendo de la pesca costera para pescar en los grandes bancos, mediante un proceso sistemático de acumulación e inversión de capital, articulado por innovaciones en las artes de pesca y las embarcaciones. Este artículo sugiere que la suma de las importaciones por los países del Caribe contribuyó al eventual colapso de los abastos pesqueros de Terranova. Este trabajo es un primer paso en el análisis de la profunda relación entre el capital y la naturaleza y un paso en la exploración de como esas relaciones trasatlánticas fueron configurando el trabajo y la naturaleza en dos extremos del océano. Cuando se escriba la historia de las poblaciones de peces y los abastos pesqueros de Terranova, habrá que contar con la participación de Puerto Rico, y su rol en el proceso de intensificación de la producción, es decir, de la expansión de la frontera vertical y de la horizontal de la producción.
Conquistar el desierto al servicio de una dieta global: la agricultura de oasis del centro-oeste argentino en el auge de la ecología mundo capitalista
Authors: Larsimont Robin , Ivars Jorge
Published: June 2021

En las últimas décadas, los oasis de Mendoza y San Juan (Argentina) se transformaron dramáticamente al calor de reestructuraciones agro-exportadoras que se produjeron en el marco del actual régimen agro-alimentario corporativo neoliberal. Estos procesos no son sino la culminación de una larga trayectoria de inserción en el desarrollo del capitalismo como ecología-mundo. De este modo, nos proponemos, desde este enfoque híbrido, transfronterizo y relacional, reconstruir históricamente la fragmentaria trayectoria espacial de los principales oasis cuyanos desde su origen prehispánico hasta su articulación en tres regímenes agroalimentarios sucesivos. En segundo término, nos proponemos describir la reciente expansión de la frontera agrícola mediante el uso no controlado de reservas de agua subterráneas en el marco del último régimen. Evidenciamos los procesos relacionales que, a partir del enfoque de la ecología-mundo, están a la base de la producción y comercialización de tres mercancías emblemáticas en estos oasis: el vino, el aceite de oliva y la papa prefrita. La metodología que adoptamos estuvo destinada a describir las trayectorias históricas de los oasis recurriendo a una selección de fuentes documentales y bibliografía regional. Entre los principales hallazgos encontramos que el tercer régimen agroalimentario permitió a los oasis agro-industriales una nueva expansión de fronteras de mercancías. Esta se sustentó en la explotación sistemática del agua subterránea, hasta este momento esencialmente complementaria a la fuente superficial. En este marco neoliberal, la agricultura de precisión permite el control de las etapas claves del proceso productivo a partir de criterios estandarizados de demanda internacional de calidad y cantidad. Como conclusión, entendemos que el acceso a fuentes de Naturaleza barata (ya sea agua, suelos o trabajo humano) permitió no sólo la elaboración de mercancías apetecibles en exigentes mercados mundiales, sino que también reconfiguró el propio modelo de gestión del agua desde uno más estatalista y socialmente condicionado a uno más privatista, telecontrolado y autónomo. No obstante, estos procesos de expansión de la frontera de mercancías están condicionados por elementos locales propios de dinámicas socioecológicas preexistentes, por lo que esta frontera encuentra límites, a menudo, infranqueables.
Impacto glocal de Bandung a la Iniciativa “Belt and Road”: Flujos de materiales, energías y humanos y sus efectos en la (in)justicia socio-ambiental en China
Authors: Olivieri Chiara
Published: June 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo es el de investigar el impacto de la Iniciativa Belt and Road (BRI) en la apropiación de materiales y energía en la Región Autónoma Uigur de Xinjiang (XUAR) de la República Popular de China (RPCh). Para ello, propongo un análisis contrastivo crítico de las narrativas historiográficas oficiales: narrativas sobre la inclusión oficial del territorio conquistado de la Región Autónoma Uigur de Xinjiang en las fronteras del Imperio Qing en el siglo XVIII; el Comunicado Final de la Conferencia de Bandung; los discursos modernizadores impuestos por la República Popular de China en el territorio de XUAR a través de las narrativas desarrollistas que acompañan la BRI. Los sistemas socioambientales autóctonos han sido sometidos, desde la inclusión del territorio en las fronteras chinas, a mecanismos de colonialismo implementados por agentes externos. Este proceso ha dado lugar a un conflicto interétnico y a un proceso de gentrificación de los territorios resultante de un modelo extractivista y capitalista de gestión de los recursos naturales (agricultura, gas, petróleo). La BRI, basada en el desarrollo de las infraestructuras de transporte y logísticas, refleja una estrategia que tiene como objetivo promover el papel de la República Popular de China en las relaciones globales: potencia los flujos de inversión internacional y las salidas comerciales para los productos chinos, a través de rutas terrestres y marítimas, tratando de restablecer las antiguas Rutas de la Seda, y promueve la creación de nuevas carreteras, con el fin de conectar un mayor número de territorios y países —alrededor de sesenta—. En cambio, esta investigación tiene como propósito el de revelar el impacto de la imposición del modelo económico y extractivo neocolonialista de la RPCh, así como sus consecuencias futuras sobre las poblaciones indígenas y los modelos autóctonos de gestión. En términos de metodología, esto requiere reconstruir las narrativas de pobreza del pueblo uigur, incluyendo relatos de su exclusión, expulsión de sus tierras originarias proponiendo un especial énfasis en la mirada autóctona sobre su entorno y cómo la Modernidad invade su espacio natural y humano.
Printability and properties of 3D-printed poplar fiber/polylactic acid biocomposite
Authors: Yang Zhaozhe , Feng Xinhao , Xu Min , Rodrigue Denis
Published: June 2021

To efficiently and economically utilize a wood-plastic biocomposite, an eco-friendly biocomposite was prepared using modified poplar fiber and polylactic acid (PLA) via 3D printing technology for the first time. First, the effects of poplar fiber (0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9%) on the mechanical and rheological properties of the printed biocomposites were investigated. Subsequently, the printing parameters, including printing temperature, speed, and layer thickness, were optimized to obtain the biocomposite with superior properties. Finally, four printing orientations were applied to the biocomposite based on the optimized printing parameters to study the effect of filament orientation on the properties of the biocomposite. Favorable printability and mechanical properties of the biocomposite were obtained at 5% poplar fiber. The optimal printing temperature of 220 °C, speed of 40 mm/s, and layer thickness of 0.2 mm were obtained to produce the desired mechanical properties of the biocomposite with the printing orientation in a longitudinal stripe. However, the printing parameters should be chosen according to the applications, where different physical and mechanical properties are needed to achieve efficient and economical utilization of the biocomposites.
Digital technology application among Malaysian value-added wood products manufacturers
Authors: Ratnasingam Jegatheswaran , Ioras Florin , Liat Lim Choon , Ayenkaren Jegathesan , Yi Lee Yan , Ab Latib Hazirah
Published: June 2021

The application of digital technologies (DT) has been on the increase within the manufacturing industries since a decade ago. It has been widely suggested that the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the adoption of DT in manufacturing industries worldwide, as countries have tried to contain and mitigate the spread of infection through lockdowns and stringent standard operating procedures (SOPs). Hence, a study was undertaken to evaluate this trend in the Malaysian wood products industry, and to identify the key DT used. A questionnaire-based survey was implemented and targeted at the furniture, moldings, and builder’s joinery and carpentry sub-sectors, with the assistance of the relevant trade associations. A total of 477 responses were obtained, and it was found that digital technologies, such as computer aided design (CAD), computer numerical control (CNC), digital communication, digital marketing, and enterprise resources planning (ERP) systems, were highly adopted, but they did not significantly differ in terms of company size or product type. However, the rate of adoption was not uniform, as 5% of the respondent companies did not adopt any digital technologies. The study revealed that wood products companies adopted digital technologies that boosted their production and marketing, while those with limited DT adoption were more severely impacted during the pandemic.
The Impact of Employer Brand Equity Elements on Consumer Attitude to Service Brand
Authors: Ščiukauskė Indrė
Published: June 2021

Increasing competition means that organisations are looking for new ways to ensure the equity of their brands, and due to the specifics of services, employees are undoubtedly one of the most important links in service brand equity creation, therefore consumer knowledge of employer brand and its equity elements can contribute to the perception towards it, change it and influence behavioural intentions. According to the theory of reasoned behaviour, attitude is an important determinant of behaviour, so the purpose of this article is to assess how elements of an employer’s brand equity influence attitude toward a service brand. After the exploratory factor analysis, 3 main elements of the employer’s brand equity were identified. An analysis of the empirical study also found that the employer brand image has the strongest effect on attitudes towards a service brand, while the effect of employer brand awareness and reputation has a weaker effect.
Competitiveness Through the Prism of the Culture of Innovation
Authors: Georgieva Ivona
Published: June 2021

The main goal of every business organisation in the modern world is to constantly increase its competitiveness in the conditions of constant change imposed by the dynamic business environment. The culture of innovation today is perceived as a key factor in increasing the competitiveness of both an organisation and an entire country as it reflects their ability to think creatively, flexibility, information exchange and perception of innovation. This paper aims to present the relationship between the culture of innovation and competitiveness in the context of Bulgarian organisations. It is indicated that the culture of society itself is important for the culture of innovation. Different value systems can be a prerequisite for the development of various innovation practices, which in turn could lead to good results in the innovation activity of the whole country.
Small and Medium Enterprises Brand Positioning Through Guerilla Marketing Principles
Authors: Lubytė Viltė
Published: June 2021

The article analyses the positioning process of small and medium enterprises using the principles of guerrilla marketing. At the beginning of a business start-up, the positioning process becomes crucial to gain a competitive advantage in a crowded market. The problem is that small business cannot compete in the market with the same marketing tools as large companies. Exceptionally, small businesses often face three problems: lack of financial resources for advertising, lack of marketing specialists, inability to compete with large companies. The scientific literature analysis allowed us to systematise the essential principles of memorising the brand’s position using guerrilla marketing principles. The model of small and medium business brand positioning through guerrilla marketing and its principles are also presented. Guerrilla marketing is a particularly suitable way for small businesses as it requires creativity, intellectual and time investment rather than financial resources.
“A WONDERFUL CORNER OF THE EARTH”. LA FAVIÈRE AS LOCUS AMOENUS IN THE LITERATURE OF THE RUSSIAN EMIGRATION
Authors: Brzykcy Jolanta
Published: June 2021

The article is dedicated to representations of the southern French village of La Favière in the literature of the first wave of Russian emigration. It aims to examine the representations of a colony founded on the Côte d’Azur by Russian refugees, scholars, writers and artists, which existed until the outbreak of World War II. The objects of study include Favière-inspired poetry by Sasha Chernyi, published in the Poslednie novosti journal between 1927 and 1932, Aleksandr Kuprin’s series of essays entitled Huron Headland (1929), and Marina Tsvetaeva’s poems written in the summer of 1935. Emphasis is also placed on the epistolography and memoirs of Russian emigrants visiting the “Russian village”: letters by Georgi Griebenshchikov, memoirs by Ludmila Wrangel, Ksenia Kuprina, and Galina Rodionova. The La Favière phenomenon in the works of Russian emigrants has not been discussed before, which is what makes this article timely. The analysis of the above-mentioned works covers primarily their subject matter, but their connections with composition, stylistics and the question of genre affiliation are also discussed. Research demonstrates that despite the different ways in which the countryside is portrayed (its idealization in the poetry of Chernyi, comparison with Crimea — a true but lost paradise in Kuprin’s prose, rejection of Provence in Tsvetaeva’s poems), the tendency in Russian expatriate literature to interpret La Favière as locus amoenus persisted. In the works of Russian emigrants, the countryside evokes positive connotations, enchants with its landscape and tranquility, the naturalness of life replete with manual labor and close contact with nature. As a result, in the system of local texts of Russian emigration, bound together by the motif of foreignness as locus horribilis, La Favière holds a unique place, representing a rare example of Arcadia found in exile.
Pensamiento situado en “Recuperar la tierra para recuperarlo todo” en el pueblo originario Misak (Cauca), Colombia
Authors: Arcia-Grajales John H.
Published: June 2021

El pensamiento situado emerge en la defensa y la lucha por el territorio; se da en las comunalidades y en las relaciones con otras cosmovisiones. Para comprender este pensamiento, se investiga colaborativamente con el pueblo Misak a partir de tres dimensiones: Arqueológica, de revisión teórica, histórica y de los relatos de las personas; observa las relaciones entre saber/poder. La genealógica, sigue el rastro a las discontinuidades en las prácticas de vida. Y la estratégica, observa las formas de gobierno espiritual y los principios de re-existencia. En la investigación se encuentra que la palabra escrita, en lengua castellana, es un dispositivo liderado por la Iglesia católica para evangelizar, borrar la memoria oral, la lengua nativa y el pensamiento propio, para imponer actitudes dóciles y arrebatar a los pueblos sus territorios. En la “política espiritual” se encuentra una Autoridad que permite orientar el tiempo-espacio, el sueño, la visión y las prácticas que se dan alrededor del fogón para conservar y dar pervivencia a las relaciones comunalitarias entre los seres de la naturaleza, la gente y el territorio. Aunque el mundo de los muertos no es abordado en este estudio, es relevante comprenderlo en la política espiritual del pensamiento situado.
Entre la improvisación y la carrera laboral. Las reformas policiales en el Territorio Nacional de La Pampa (Argentina, 1920-1933)
Authors: Fernández-Marrón Melisa
Published: June 2021

Entre 1920 y 1933, la policía en el Territorio Nacional de La Pampa (Argentina) implementó distintas reformas que procuraron cimentar una carrera laboral a partir de la profesionalización y regulación del reclutamiento, la instrucción y la creación de un escalafón. En el marco de una racionalización de la administración pública nacional, la institución se propuso depurar sus elementos ineficaces y eliminar la informalidad como los favoritismos en los canales de acceso. Este artículo examina y caracteriza las repercusiones como limitaciones de estos intentos desde una perspectiva institucional y social. Dicho panorama permite reparar, en primer lugar, el parcial resultado de los objetivos de rigurosidad en la selección, mantenimiento y saneamiento de los uniformados. En segundo lugar, advierte un proceso de heterogeneidad en las trayectorias laborales que paulatinamente dejaron de concebir el trabajo policial como una ocupación circunstancial. Los legajos de personal constituyen la principal fuente documental de este trabajo.