bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of AI in Sepsis: Citation Network Analysis and Evidence Synthesis (Preprint)
Authors: Wu MeiJung , Islam Md Mohaimenul , Poly Tahmina Nasrin , Lin Ming-Chin
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Artificial intelligence (AI) has garnered considerable attention in the context of sepsis research, particularly in personalized diagnosis and treatment. Conducting a bibliometric analysis of existing publications can offer a broad overview of the field and identify current research trends and future research directions.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study is to leverage bibliometric data to provide a comprehensive overview of the application of AI in sepsis.

METHODS

We conducted a search in the Web of Science Core Collection database to identify relevant articles published in English until August 31, 2023. A predefined search strategy was used, evaluating titles, abstracts, and full texts as needed. We used the Bibliometrix and VOSviewer tools to visualize networks showcasing the co-occurrence of authors, research institutions, countries, citations, and keywords.

RESULTS

A total of 259 relevant articles published between 2014 and 2023 (until August) were identified. Over the past decade, the annual publication count has consistently risen. Leading journals in this domain include Critical Care Medicine (17/259, 6.6%), Frontiers in Medicine (17/259, 6.6%), and Scientific Reports (11/259, 4.2%). The United States (103/259, 39.8%), China (83/259, 32%), United Kingdom (14/259, 5.4%), and Taiwan (12/259, 4.6%) emerged as the most prolific countries in terms of publications. Notable institutions in this field include the University of California System, Emory University, and Harvard University. The key researchers working in this area include Ritankar Das, Chris Barton, and Rishikesan Kamaleswaran. Although the initial period witnessed a relatively low number of articles focused on AI applications for sepsis, there has been a significant surge in research within this area in recent years (2014-2023).

CONCLUSIONS

This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights into AI-related research conducted in the field of sepsis, aiding health care policy makers and researchers in understanding the potential of AI and formulating effective research plans. Such analysis serves as a valuable resource for determining the advantages, sustainability, scope, and potential impact of AI models in sepsis.
A prospective multicenter survey about the use of new technologies and digital health tools in patients with solid tumors and hematological malignancies (Preprint)
Authors: Lopez-Garcia Alberto , Diaz-Aizpun Carola , Gallego-Diaz Beatriz , Miranda-Castillo Carolina , Yuste-Platero Maria , Beltran-Alvarez Pilar , Carames-Sanchez Cristina , Garcia-Foncillas Jesus , Llamas-Sillero Pilar , del Olmo-Rodriguez Marta , Short-Apellaniz Jorge , Arcos-Campillo Javier , Cordoba Raul
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Barriers to eHealth usage include lack of technological infrastructure, resistance to change, and inequities in access. We present the results of a cross-sectional, multicenter, prospective study featuring outpatient cancer care patients’ responses to a survey on their use of digital health tools and their opinions and preferences regarding an internet application, the Quironsalud Patient Portal.

OBJECTIVE

Our aim was to describe patterns of access and use of eHealth tools across a sample of outpatients receiving treatment for hematological malignancies and solid tumors.

METHODS

We conducted a cross-sectional, multicenter, prospective study, using a survey offered to patients over 18 years receiving outpatient treatment for hematological malignancies or solid tumors at four teaching hospitals in Madrid, Spain between February 1st and November 30th, 2021. The survey instrument featured questions about patients’ demographic and social characteristics, cancer diagnosis, use of information and communication technology (ICT), usage and opinions of the Patient Portal, and changes in ICT use during the COVID-19 pandemic.

RESULTS

Two hundred patients were included in our study. Median age was 60 years (range 21-87). 73% presented hematological malignancies. Most patients (181 (90.5%)) considered that eHealth tools might help to improve communication with the medical team during their treatment. Retired participants (28.6% vs 71.4% p<0.001), those older than 60 years (26% vs 74% p<0.001), and those without higher education (2.6% vs 97.4% p< 0.001) showed significantly lower rates of internet usage, with no observed sex-related differences. More than 80% of patients found the Patient Portal useful. 70% reported increased use of ICT due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

CONCLUSIONS

Most patients view eHealth tools as useful and with potential to improve communication with their care team. However, notable gaps in the use of eHealth can be observed in certain groups of patients, with significant differences in usage due to age, education, and employment status. Strategies to identify subgroups at risk for unequal access to digital health, as well as to facilitate access and usage, are warranted.

CLINICALTRIAL

NA
Teenager Substance Use on Reddit: Mixed Methods Computational Analysis of Frames and Emotions (Preprint)
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Zhu Jianfeng , Kenne Deric R , Jin Ruoming
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Adolescent substance use disorder is a pressing public health issue, with increasing prevalence as individuals age. Social media platforms like Reddit (Reddit Inc) serve as significant venues for teenagers to discuss and navigate substance use. Social media platforms, such as Reddit, serve as increasingly important spaces where teenagers discuss, share, and navigate their experiences with substance use, presenting unique opportunities and challenges for understanding and addressing this issue.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to explore how teenagers frame substance-use discussions on the r/teenagers subreddit, focusing on their personal interpretations, causal attributions, and the social and psychological contexts that shape these online support groups. By identifying these interpretive frames, we aimed to better understand the complex drivers of adolescent substance use behavior and their potential interventions.

METHODS

Using natural language processing techniques, we analyzed 32,674 substance use–related posts from 2018 to 2022. A framing approach was used to identify and categorize prevalent themes, supplemented by emotional profiling using the EmoLLaMA-chat-13B model developed by Liu and colleagues.

RESULTS

In total, 7 primary frames emerged: normalization, risk awareness, social integration, autonomy and rebellion, coping mechanisms, media influence, and stigmatization. These frames varied in prevalence and were associated with distinct emotional profiles, highlighting the complex interplay between substance use and adolescent experiences. We observed that, for example, the normalization frame was often associated with a mix of sadness and anxiety, while the coping frame exhibited elevated levels of anger, sadness, and anxiety. These distinctive emotional landscapes associated with each frame reveal unique insights into the mental state of adolescents navigating substance use.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings underscore the multifaceted nature of adolescent substance-use discussions on social media. Interventions must address underlying emotional and social factors as well as identity to effectively mitigate substance use disorder among adolescents. By understanding the frames teenagers use to interpret substance use, we can pave the way for more effective and personalized public health campaigns, and support services designed to resonate with adolescents’ unique lived experiences.
ТРАНСПОРТНЫЕ ВОСП БОЛЬШОЙ ПРОПУСКНОЙ СПОСОБНОСТИ. Часть 1. Стандартизация открытых линейных интерфейсов 400G со сменными когерентными оптическими модулями-приемопередатчиками
Authors: Коган С.С.
Published: April 2024

В цикле статей представлены международные отраслевые стандарты для открытых линейных интерфейсов 400G со сменными когерентными оптическими модулями-приемопередатчиками (трансиверами) транспортных волоконно-оптических систем передачи (ВОСП) OTN/DWDM (часть 1), эволюция поколений когерентных цифровых сигнальных процессоров (ЦСП) для высокоскоростных оптических каналов (длин волн) ВОСП (часть 2), а также эволюция технологий, используемых для изготовления когерентных ЦСП для ВОСП (часть 3).
Ires y venires de la intervención de Trabajo Social
Authors: Tello Peón Nelia
Published: April 2024

El artículo plantea la necesidad de construir conocimiento en torno al concepto de Trabajo Social, para lo cual es necesario partir de un acuerdo en relación a la intervención social como eje básico. Aportar a lo social en general es válido, pero no construye especificidad. La situación problema y la pregunta de intervención deben constituirse en el eje de la construcción de una estrategia de intervención, a través de un proceso integral y nunca como una serie de acciones independientes.
Entrevista a Juan Martín Pérez García. Director Ejecutivo de la Red por los Derechos de la Infancia en México
Authors: Martínez Sierra Pedro Daniel
Published: April 2024

Es un privilegio tener la oportunidad de realizar esta entrevista para la Revista de la Escuela Nacional de Trabajo Social, a Juan Martín Pérez García, quien se desempeña como Director Ejecutivo de la Red por los Derechos de la Infancia en México (REDIM) y actualmente como Coordinador del proyecto #TejiendoRedesInfacia en América Latina y el Caribe. En su trayectoría destaca la defensoría de derechos humanos, especialmente los derechos de la infancia y poblaciones callejeras.
Los estrógenos también podrían ser una alternativa antioxidante
Authors: Medina López Manuel Eusebio , Hernández Hernández María Fernanda
Published: April 2024

En este artículo de divulgación se presenta información sobre las especies reactivas de oxígeno, el estrés oxidativo y su relación con un gran número de enfermedades ampliamente distribuidas. Además, se muestra que los estrógenos son moléculas endógenas de gran importancia para el organismo, ya que participan en un gran número de funciones biológicas. En este artículo se muestran los mecanismos de reacción de la transferencia electrónica simple (SET), la formación del aducto radical (RAF) y la transferencia de hidrógeno (HT) de los estrógenos con el radical hidroperoxilo, para que pueda aplicarse como ejemplo en el tema de radicales libres de la clase de química orgánica. Se discute la actividad antioxidante de los estrógenos en el organismo y se muestran los principales mecanismos de reacción involucrados con esta capacidad, de esta forma se concluye con la importancia de la capacidad antioxidante de los estrógenos frente a la actividad observada en otros antioxidantes naturales.
Validación de la ecuación de Nernst y una ecuación que estima la masa de hidróxido de calcio para un determinado pH
Authors: Aranguri-LLerena Gonzalo , Huarcaya-Mendoza Nayhsa J.
Published: April 2024

El hidróxido de calcio (Ca(OH)2) es usado en múltiples aplicaciones industriales y como modificador de pH. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue validar experimentalmente la ecuación de Nernst, usando disoluciones de Ca(OH)2 y desarrollar una sugerencia didáctica para la educación química, que  permita encontrar la masa necesaria Ca(OH)2 que se debe adicionar a un determinado volumen de agua para alcanzar un  pH requerido. Análisis de infrarrojo con transformada de Fourier (FTIR), difracción de rayos X (DRX) e imagen electrónica de barrido (SEM) se realizaron para caracterizar el Ca(OH)2. Los resultados de las pruebas a 27,5 °C ± 0,1 °C, muestran que al graficar los valores de pH experimental (pHe), potencial (E) y de conductividad contra las concentraciones de aniones hidroxilos [OH-] (semilogarítmico), siguen un mismo patrón, afectados por la baja solubilidad de Ca(OH)2 de tal forma que la  última zona de las tres gráficas, tienden a ser paralelas al eje de las concentraciones de los [OH-]. Se generó la ecuación: E = 369,55 -58,914 pHe; donde 58,914 representa el valor de su pendiente, que equivale al 99,58% de la pendiente teórica de la ecuación de Nernst y se encontró una ecuación, que estima la masa de Ca(OH)2 que se debe adicionar a un volumen de agua, para alcanzar un pH requerido.
Se dedujo una ecuación; para hallar el peso de Ca(OH)2, que se adiciona a un determinado volumen de agua, para alcanzar el pH requerido.
Development, implementation, and evaluation of the virtual platform Quimieduca as a didactic strategy for the teaching of Chemistry in high school
Authors: Quesada-Soto Luis Diego , Villalobos-González Wendy , Hernández-Chaverri Rodolfo Antonio , Rios-Badilla Eduard
Published: April 2024

The evolution of teaching-learning processes and technologies has driven the use of computer tools to support education. Their use in science teaching promotes the development of scientific and technological skills. In the present research work, a virtual platform called Quimieduca was designed, implemented, and evaluated, with resources and didactic activities as an alternative teaching strategy for the secondary school teaching of Chemistry in Costa Rica. An initial diagnosis was carried out to determine the need and feasibility of implementing the platform. Four key topics from the Chemistry Program of the Ministry of Public Education were selected to develop the resources and didactic activities on the platform. It was designed and programmed using the Edmodo virtual platform.  The platform was implemented with tenth-year students from Colegio Gravilias during the 2022 school year. Two classes (10-3 and 10-4) utilized the Quimieduca platform, while the other two classes (10-1 and 10-2) formed the control group without access to the tool. The effectiveness of Quimieduca was evaluated both from the perspective of teachers and through the indicators of students’ academic achievements. Teachers rated the platform positively in terms of its form, substance, and design aspects. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that the group of students who used the platform obtained higher performance indices, suggesting that the use of the platform facilitated a more significant advancement in the learning of the assessed indicators.
Centenario del Natalicio de Humberto Fernández Morán
Authors:   Universidad del Zulia, Molina Vílchez Rafael Ángel , García Tamayo Jorge ,   Universidad del Zulia
Published: April 2024

Entre febrero y marzo de 2024 se cumplirá el centenario de nacimiento de Humberto Avelino Fernández Villalobos, llamado generalmente con los dos apellidos paternos. Nació en el Hospital Chiquinquirá de Maracaibo, de ascendientes de la Cañada de Urdaneta. El niño comienza su educación en la Witt High School, de Nueva York: primaria y algo de bachillerato. Cuando vuelve a Venezuela, es inscrito en el Colegio Alemán de Maracaibo, de donde pasará a completar sus estudios de bachillerato al Liceo Humanístico, Monástico y Militar Schulgemeinde Wichersdorf, de Saldfelds, una pequeña población en las montañas de Turingia, Alemania. En Munich se gradúa de doctor en Medicina a los 20 años, en plena guerra, con honores; además, había recibido instrucción en matemáticas, física y química. Todavía se le respeta entre los más memorables exalumnos, y viene a Venezuela a la reválida.
PradushanCheck - Air Quality Monitoring
Authors: Bhatia Dr. Gresha
Published: April 2024

Abstract: PradushanCheck offers a comprehensive approach to air quality monitoring, addressing the critical issue of urban air pollution. Utilizing datasets from major cities including New Delhi, Hyderabad, Kolkata, and Bangalore, we employed advanced techniques such as SMOTE and binning for data preprocessing. Subsequently, we compared the performance of three algorithms—Random Forest Regression, Support Vector Regression, and CatBoost Regression—in predicting air quality indices (AQI) for these cities. Furthermore, we visualized the data on an interactive dashboard using Tableau and integrated the realtime API ’Air Quality Programmatic API’ to provide current air pollution status on our website. Our findings underscore the efficacy of PradushanCheck in delivering real-time insights for effective pollution management and public awareness.
Shop-EZ
Authors: Mishra Abhinav
Published: April 2024

Abstract: The rapid evolution of technology has transformed the landscape of commerce, ushering in an era dominated by electronic transactions and online marketplaces. This research paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the emerging trends and challenges in the field of e-commerce. The study encompasses a broad spectrum of topics, including technological advancements, consumer behavior, regulatory frameworks, and the impact of global events on ecommerce ecosystems. The first section of the paper explores the latest technological trends shaping the e-commerce industry, such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, and augmented reality. Special attention is given to their influence on enhancing user experience, personalization, and security. The paper also delves into the integration of these technologies and their potential to revolutionize supply chain management and logistics in e-commerce operations.
Power Generation Using Gravity
Authors: Reddy Dr D. Srinivasulu , Sravanthi T. V. , Nasreen S. , Jayasree V. , Reddy V. Rishi Kesava , Harikrishna T.
Published: April 2024

Abstract: In recent times due to effect of pollution and global warming there is a need for generating power from renewable sources. The reason for generating power using gravity is that it is available all over the Earth, abundant and consistent too. This method utilizes the force of gravity to drive mechanical systems, such as falling weights or water, which in turn generate electricity. Due to the development and modernization the electricity demand is increasing at high extent. To fulfil this demand globally which is without any harmful effect on environment is possible by using gravity power generation. In recent times due to effects of pollution there is a need for generating power from renewable sources. In this project, the gravitational energy of a heavy particle is converted to the electrical energy. When the heavy particle falls down from a higher altitude to a lower one, its potential energy is converted into the kinetic energy. Then this energy is converted to electricity by using a synchronous motor. When increasing the altitude of the load, the lighting time increases. If load increases, power production also increases
Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the consumption of antiretrovirals and HIV/AIDS prevention indicators at the Treichville University Hospital (Ivory Coast)
Authors: Tia Gbongue Eric , Djadji Ayoman Thierry-Lenoir , Adehouni Yacouba Adebo , Alliman Moulad Ephraïm , Kouadio Ahou Axelle Edith , Kamagaté Amara , Kouassi Golberg Merveille , Ahua Amankou Donaldo Jean-Fabius , N’gbra Kouakou Emmanuel , Effo Assande Ange Auguste , KOUAKOU-SIRANSY Gisèle
Published: April 2024

Objective: To understand the impact of Covid-19 on the prevention and consumption of antiretroviral drugs at Treichville University Hospital.

Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study with a descriptive, multicenter aim, carried out in six screening and treatment departments for HIV patients at the Treichville University Hospital. Monthly order reports from January 2019 to December 2021 from six services were used to collect data on screening and antiretroviral treatment. After a univariate analysis, an Anova made it possible to carry out a comparison of several variables between the study periods.

Results: In total, a decrease of 40 to 55% (p>0.05) in the consumption of antiretrovirals was recorded compared to 2019. The antiretrovirals affected more specifically were tenofovir 300mg, lamivudine 150 mg, abacavir / adult lamivudine, lopiritonavir and the tenofovir / adult lamivudine combination (p<0.05). Therapeutic protocols and prevention data varied between 2019 and 2021 with a drop in the prescription of dolutegravir to the profile of efavirenz and a drop of 17.5% of individuals screened in 2020.

Conclusion: The Covid-19 health crisis has led to a drop in the frequency of HIV testing and a non-significant effect on the consumption of antiretrovirals essential for the management of the disease.

Keywords: Covid-19; Antiretrovirals; Prevention; HIV
A Rare Presentation - Case Report on Tubercular Cold Abscess
Authors: Bhattacharjee Sagnika , Chakraborty Supta , Baby Smrithimol , Jain Vartika , Khan Huda
Published: April 2024

Tuberculosis is a chronic granulomatous infection that is quite common and a threat to many developing countries. However, extrapulmonary cases involving tubercular skin and soft tissue abscess formation are rare, accounting for 1 or 2% of cases of Mycobacterium TB infections with skin and soft tissue involvement. The typical extrapulmonary tuberculosis symptoms and indications are nonspecific, making diagnosis difficult and time-consuming. We present a case of right arm tubercular cold abscess in a child related to mycobacterium tuberculosis, which was diagnosed by Ziehl- Neelson stain FNAC (Fine needle Aspiration cytology) and Mantoux test (18mm) induration. Due to its rare manifestation, it often gets misdiagnosed or overlooked. A proper diagnosis will ensure a proper treatment plan. Our case further depicts the collaborative effort of healthcare professionals. The patient came back complaining about the increased swelling in his right arm.

Keywords:  Tubercular Cold Abscess, Ziehl- Neelson, Fine needle Aspiration cytology, Mantoux test, Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Devising of Lazūq (A Conventional Unani Dosage Form) with reference to Transdermal Patch; Then and Now: A Critical Review
Authors: Amreen Dr , Siddiqui Asif Iqbal , Saleem Mohd Nauman
Published: April 2024

Objective: The endeavor is made to criticize the classical indications, preparations and application of Lazūq even after passing many centuries since its inception. Background: According to classical Unani literature, Lazūq is primarily formulated for headache, migraine, toothache, cervical pain, dropping of uvula and different types of pain like sciatica, backache, myalgia and some orthopedic conditions. Its approach is still conventional that encompasses thick sticky stuff of drug/s which is pasted over a cloth or thick paper, consequently, maximum ratio of medicinal properties remains insignificant owed to stratum corneum (layer of skin that functions as a barrier). Devising and method of drug delivery in classical form of Lazūq makes it inconvenient to the patient, thus, it drops patient’s compliance and anticipated efficacy. In this day and age, Unani practitioners do not prescribe it very often because of its devising and limited indications documented in classical literature. Hence, it’s now becoming out of practice. Whereas, modern medicine is practicing its novel approach epitomized as Transdermal patch for several bodily conditions like Acute post-operative pain, Alzheimer disease, Angina pectoris, Anti-emetic patch, Atrial fibrillation, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Dementia, Depression, Dysmenorrhea, Hypertension, Local dermal analgesia, Menopausal symptoms, Motion sickness, Osteoporosis, Overactive bladder, Parkinson’s disease, Post herpetic neuralgia pain, Smoking cessation, Tic disorder, Tourette syndrome and to prevent pregnancy. In transdermal patch, drug is used in micro/nano form with chemically produced permeation enhancers (CPEs) and other smart physio-chemical techniques that makes it very easy to apply, imparts maximum active pharmaceutical ingredients with controlled release of drug. Methodology: Ancient classical Unani formulations of Lazūq was appraised and then its course with respect to today’s newer formulations as transdermal patch was reviewed to look for its progress and application in novel dosage form with the advantage of innovations in pharmaceutical and allied sciences. Conclusion: Classical Unani formulations of Lazūq must be reviewed, transformed, evaluated, coped and applied as per the standard operating procedures (SOPs) of transdermal drug delivery system. Future Prospects: New formulations of Lazūq should be designed and appraised from the medicinal treasure of Unani system of medicine for different therapeutic conditions.
Advancements In Pharmacotherapy for Hyperlipidemia: A Comprehensive Review of Recent Drug Innovations and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Dey Hrithik , Agarwal Vatsala , Ali MD Naushad , Upadhyay Astha , Shafieq Sufia , Dixit Bhupender , Tomar Sahil , Tarannum Mahewish
Published: April 2024

Hyperlipidemia, characterized by elevated blood lipid levels, significantly contributes to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the leading cause of global mortality per the World Health Organization (WHO). Studies reveal a 20-30% increase in coronary heart disease risk for every 1 mmol/L rise in LDL-C levels. While statins are widely used, novel pharmacotherapeutic approaches are necessary for effective hyperlipidemia management and CVD risk reduction. Recent clinical trials demonstrate the efficacy of innovative drugs like proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors in lowering LDL-C levels and reducing adverse cardiovascular events. These findings highlight the potential of new therapies to enhance existing treatments for hyperlipidemia. Additionally, safety evaluations of emerging lipid-lowering agents address concerns about adverse effects and long-term risks. Despite progress, challenges persist in refining treatment strategies and ensuring equitable access to advanced therapies, especially for marginalized populations. Incorporating innovative pharmacotherapies into current approaches offers personalized and efficient hyperlipidemia management. Continued research and interdisciplinary collaborations are vital for advancing our understanding of lipid metabolism and translating scientific discoveries into improved patient outcomes and cardiovascular health. Ongoing innovation and investment in tailored hyperlipidemia therapies are crucial for better outcomes in individuals at risk of CVDs.

Keywords: hyperlipidemia, pcsk9 inhibitors, bempedoic acid, evinacumab, inclisiran mipomersen, volanesorsen
Changes in emergency department utilization by neonates during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: a single-center study in Korea
Authors: Lee Sung Hee , Yoon Shin Won , Jin Ju Hyun
Published: April 2024

Purpose: This study describes changes in the utilization pattern of emergency departments (EDs) by neonates during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic to ensure efficient resource allocation during future infectious disease outbreaks. Methods: We performed a retrospective observational study by reviewing the medical records of neonates (≤ 30 days) who visited the ED. They were divided into pre-pandemic (February 2018-January 2020) and pandemic (February 2020-January 2022) groups. We compared data regarding ED utilization, including length of stay, disposition, and chief complaints. Results: A total of 156 neonates visited the ED during the study period. A 42.4% decrease in the visits was observed during the pandemic group (n = 57), compared with the pre-pandemic group (n = 99). In particular, the proportion of visits by neonates aged 7 days or younger has decreased from 14.1% (14/99) to 3.5% (2/57; P = 0.035). The proportion of plain radiography performed and median ED length of stay increased from 36.4% (36/99) to 63.2% (36/57; P = 0.001), and from 66.0 minutes (interquartile range, 42.0-116.0) to 86.0 minutes (59.0-153.0; P = 0.007), respectively. Among the chief complaints, fever, respiratory symptoms, and minor clinical problems increased during the pandemic (29.3% to 36.8%, 11.1% to 14.0%, and 9.1% to 14.0%, respectively). Conclusion: The pandemic led to a marked reduction in neonatal ED visits, particularly among those aged 7 days or younger. Increases were noted in the rates of plain radiography performed, fever, respiratory, and minor clinical symptoms, as well as median ED length of stay. EDs should prepare for efficient emergency treatments tailored to neonates.
Modeling the effects of vegetation distribution and density on hydrological connectivity and water age in a river delta
Authors: Hiatt Matthew , Louis Madoche Jean
Published: April 2024

Water transport timescales (WTTs) quantify how long it takes for water
to travel through or remain in a system and are often cast as indicators
of ecosystem function and health. Such timescales are known to be
affected by vegetation in various environments. We quantify the impact
of floodplain vegetation on WTTs within the Wax Lake Delta (WLD), a
river delta system in Louisiana, USA, using a high-resolution Delft3D
Flexible Mesh (DFM) model incorporating vegetation-induced flow
resistance. We show that increased vegetation density leads to extended
WTTs within vegetated sections of WLD while fostering flow localization
and accelerating transport within distributary channels. We find that
the presence or absence of floodplain vegetation significantly
influences the volumetric flow directed toward the floodplain, with
spatial distribution exerting more control than vegetation density.
Vegetation density and spatial arrangement have minimal impact on flow
directed out of the deltaic floodplain, indicating that vegetation does
not constrain flow across the bayward boundary. Floodplain vegetation
strongly influences local-scale transport timescales within the deltaic
floodplain but minimally affects water age distributions within
distributary channels. Furthermore, network-scale water age distribution
remains largely unaffected by vegetation density and spatial
arrangement, except for slight modifications in the heavy right tail of
the distribution. These findings contribute to a better understanding of
how vegetation affects deltaic hydrology across scales, highlighting the
importance of considering multi-scale vegetation influences for coastal
restoration and management strategies.
Evaluation the potential of urinary volatilomic patterns of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 for COVID-19 diagnosis. An exploratory study
Authors: Câmara José S. , Riccio Giulia , Neto Joana , Berenguer Cristina V. , Ornelas Cristina P. , Greco Viviana , Pereira Jorge A.M. , Perestrelo Rosa
Published: April 2024

To assess whether SARS-CoV-2 infection induces changes in the urinary
volatilomic fingerprint suitable for non-invasive COVID-19 diagnosis and
management, urine samples from SARS-CoV-2 infected patients (62),
recovered COVID-19 patients (30), and non-infected individuals (41),
were analysed using solid-phase microextraction technique in headspace
mode, combined with gas chromatography hyphenated with mass spectrometry
(HS-SPME/GC-MS). A total of 101 volatile organic metabolites (VOMs) from
13 chemical families were characterized, with terpenes, phenolic
compounds, norisoprenoids, and ketones being the most represented
groups. Overall, the levels of terpenes and phenolic compounds decreased
in the control group, whereas those of norisoprenoids and ketones
increased significantly. In turn, a remarkable increase was noticed in
norisoprenoids and ketones and a milder increase in alcohols, furanic,
and sulfur compounds in the recovery group than in the COVID group.
Multivariate statistical analysis identified sets of VOMs that could
constitute the signatures of COVID-19 development and progression. These
signatures are composed of D-carvone,
3-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)aniline (MTA),
1,1,6-trimethyl-dihydronaphthalene (TDN), 2-heptanone, and
2,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8-octahydro-1-naphthalenyl ester
acetate (TONEA) for COVID-19 infection and nonanoic acid, α-terpinene,
β-damascenone, α-isophorone, and trans-furan linalool for patients
recovering from the disease. The study reported in the current article
provides evidence that changes in the urinary volatilomic profile
triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection constitute a promising and valuable
screening and/or diagnostic and management tool for COVID-19 in clinical
environment.
LADRC-based non-characteristic harmonic suppression strategy for pumped storage power plants
Authors: Lan Zheng , Peng Xi , Liu Jie , Jiang Fei , Li Zhonglong
Published: April 2024

The Static Frequency Converter (SFC) in a pumped storage power plant
often causes harmonic problems in the dragging processes, which may lead
to the false operation of automatic devices in the power station, and
even damage to the power equipment. These harmonics caused by SFC
contain both characteristic and non-characteristic degrees, and the
components are more complex. Hence, the existing harmonic suppression
methods using APF or PPF compensation all have some problems. The SFC
starting control strategy based on Linear Active Disturbance Rejection
Control (LADRC) is proposed in this paper to reduce the
non-characteristic subharmonics. Firstly, the factors affecting the
non-characteristic harmonic content are analyzed, and a mathematical
model of the conventional SFC starting transfer function is established.
On this basis, the LADRC controller is used as the speed loop of SFC
starting to replace the PI controller. The stability is judged by
drawing the Bode plot and the zero-pole plot. Finally, A Matlab/Simulink
simulation model of LADRC-based SFC starting is established in a pumped
storage power plant with actual parameters, and simulation accurate
measurements verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy
for non-characteristic harmonic current suppression.
Mechanism of improvement and best-fit models for the prediction of geotechnical properties of lime stabilized expansive soil used in pavement subgrade
Authors: Naveed Muhammad Ali , Ahmed Sarfraz , Ullah Arshad , Zia Muhammad Danish
Published: April 2024

The performance of a pavement mainly depends on the quality of the subgrade layer. Expansive soils (ES) are extensively found worldwide including Pakistan. The inadequate strength and swelling behaviour of these soils are the main problems in any road construction project. Several researchers in the last decades have attempted to improve expansive soil utilizing various materials such as lime, brick kiln dust and fly ash. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of lime on the engineering properties of the ES of a highway subgrade in the Sialkot region of Pakistan. The influence of different lime dosages (0%, 2%, 4% and 6%) at curing ages (1, 7, 14 and 28 days) has been examined by pH tests, plasticity tests, compaction tests, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), free swell index, and California Bearing Ratios (CBR). A field CBR and plate load test (PLT) on the natural soil and optimum lime-treated soil with various curing periods have been carried out for applicability as subgrade material. The test findings demonstrated that higher lime dosages increased the strength and ultimate bearing capacity (𝑞𝑢𝑙𝑡) of improved ES and at the same time decreased the free swelling index (FSI), optimum moisture content (OMC), maximum dry density (MDD) and permanent deformation of the subgrade soil. The UCS values of soil treated with 2%, 4% and 6% lime increased almost by 324%, 523%, and 249% for unsoaked samples and 285%, 351% and 231% for soaked samples respectively as compared to the plain soil at 28 days curing period. The laboratory CBR values significantly increased 2.35-8.50 times and field CBR improved 5.6 times as compared to the plain soil. The 𝑞𝑢𝑙𝑡 of lime-treated soil increased by 162% as compared to the plain soil and permanent deformation reduced from 33 mm to 2 mm after 28 days. Furthermore, equations were developed to estimate the best fit for the prediction of various geotechnical parameters and coefficient of determination (R2 ) values for all equations were found higher than 0.90. From the results, it has been concluded that adding the optimum lime content of 4% by weight satisfies the requirement for the subgrade construction of highways and the developed expressions can provide a scientific basis for estimating the geotechnical parameters.
Early Metabolic Endpoints Identify Persistent Treatment Efficacy in Recent-Onset Type 1 Diabetes Immunotherapy Trials
Authors: Jacobsen Laura M. , Cuthbertson David , Bundy Brian N. , Atkinson Mark A. , Moore Wayne , Haller Michael J. , Russell William E. , Gitelman Stephen E. , Herold Kevan C. , Redondo Maria J. , Sims Emily K. , Wherrett Diane K. , Moran Antoinette , Pugliese Alberto , Gottlieb Peter A. , Sosenko Jay M. , Ismail Heba M. ,   Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet Study Group
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVE

Mixed-meal tolerance test–stimulated area under the curve (AUC) C-peptide at 12–24 months represents the primary end point for nearly all intervention trials seeking to preserve β-cell function in recent-onset type 1 diabetes. We hypothesized that participant benefit might be detected earlier and predict outcomes at 12 months posttherapy. Such findings would support shorter trials to establish initial efficacy.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We examined data from six Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet immunotherapy randomized controlled trials in a post hoc analysis and included additional stimulated metabolic indices beyond C-peptide AUC. We partitioned the analysis into successful and unsuccessful trials and analyzed the data both in the aggregate as well as individually for each trial.

RESULTS

Among trials meeting their primary end point, we identified a treatment effect at 3 and 6 months when using C-peptide AUC (P = 0.030 and P < 0.001, respectively) as a dynamic measure (i.e., change from baseline). Importantly, no such difference was seen in the unsuccessful trials. The use of C-peptide AUC as a 6-month dynamic measure not only detected treatment efficacy but also suggested long-term C-peptide preservation (R2 for 12-month C-peptide AUC adjusted for age and baseline value was 0.80, P < 0.001), and this finding supported the concept of smaller trial sizes down to 54 participants.

CONCLUSIONS

Early dynamic measures can identify a treatment effect among successful immune therapies in type 1 diabetes trials with good long-term prediction and practical sample size over a 6-month period. While external validation of these findings is required, strong rationale and data exist in support of shortening early-phase clinical trials.
Gait speed at the acute phase predicted health-related quality of life at 3 and 12 months after stroke: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Zhao Yishuang , Liao Xiaoling , Gu Hongqiu , Jiang Yong , Jiang Yingyu , Wang Yongjun , Zhang Yumei
Published: April 2024

Objective: To investigate the association between acute-phase gait speed and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) at 3 and 12 months post-stroke.
Design: Prospective cohort study.
Subjects/Patients: 1,475 patients with first-ever ischaemic stroke.
Methods: The patients were divided into 3 groups according to tertiles of gait speed, namely ≤0.8, 0.8–1.1, ≥1.1 m/s. Gait speed was assessed by the 10-m walking test within 2 weeks of hospitalization for acute stroke and before the rehabilitation programme. HRQoL measurements include the 3-level EuroQol five dimensions (EQ-5D-3L) index and EuroQoL visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) scores. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to identify associations between gait speed and HRQoL.
Results: Adjusted for all covariates, the highest gait speed tertile group were associated with higher EQ-5D-3L index (B = 0.0303 and B = 0.0228, respectively, p < 0.001), and higher EQ-VAS (B = 3.3038 and B = 3.8877, respectively, p < 0.001), and lower odds of having problems with mobility (OR = 2.55 [95% CI: 0.141–0.458] and 0.485 [0.289–0.812], respectively, p < 0.01), self-care (OR = 0.328 [95% CI: 0.167–0.646] and 0.412 [0.217–0.784], respectively, p < 0.01), and usual activities (OR = 0.353 [95% CI: 0.211–0.590] and 0.325 [0.198–0.536], respectively, p < 0.0001) at 3 and 12 months, and pain/discomfort at 12 months (OR = 0.558 [95% CI:0.335–0.930], p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Acute-phase gait speed was predictive of post-stroke HRQoL at 3 and 12 months, especially when associated with domain-specific EQ-5D-3L.
Impact of Foetal Haemoglobin on Disease Severity among Sickle Cell Subjects
Authors: IY* Dogonzo
Published: April 2024

Objective: Haemolysis is a common complication of Sickle cell disease, exhibiting considerable variability among affected individuals. Established haemolysis markers including lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH) and bilirubin have been reported as reliable indicators of disease severity. Foetal haemoglobin plays a pivotal role in Sickle Cell Disease by neutralizing Haemoglobin-S (HbS) polymerization, consequently extending the lifespan of red blood cells and influencing overall clinical outcomes. This study aims to investigate the impact of foetal haemoglobin on disease severity among sickle cell subjects. Method: This study involved forty (40) sickle cell subjects and thirty (30) normal subjects. Blood samples from the participants were analysed for lactate dehydrogenase activity, bilirubin concentration, and foetal haemoglobin concentration. The alkali denaturation technique was employed for HbF analysis, while diagnostic kits were used for LDH and bilirubin assays. Results: Foetal haemoglobin concentrations below 10% have been defined as low. The HbF concentration of the sickle cell subjects was relatively low (5.23%) but significantly higher than the normal subjects (1.84%). Similarly, there was a significant elevation in markers of haemolysis in the sickle cell subjects compared to the normal subjects. Subjects with HbF>10% demonstrated a noteworthy increase in haemolysis markers compared to those with HbF<5%. Additionally, a significant inverse relationship was observed between HbF concentration and haemolysis markers. Conclusion: The study highlights a significant inverse correlation between foetal haemoglobin concentration and disease severity among sickle cell subjects and also contributes valuable insights to our understanding of sickle cell disease pathology.
”You don’t have the right to steal my life”: Exploring the harms of puppy farming on ex-breeding dogs
Authors: Walliss John
Published: April 2024

The last decade or so has witnessed a growing body of work within green criminology exploring forms of non-human animal abuse and harms involving companion animals. To date, however, comparably less attention has been paid to the puppy trade and the phenomena of commercial dog breeding facilities (or puppy mills/puppy farms). The aim of this article is to add to this literature by exploring the multiple harms of puppy farming, focusing on its impact on the breeding dogs themselves; specifically breeding bitches. Adopting a green criminological perspective and drawing on interviews with animal rescue staff, foster carers and those who have adopted ex-breeding dogs within the UK, the article explores the harms of puppy farming on their bodies and behaviours. Interviewees describe how ex-breeding dogs are physically worn out after a life of constant breeding and often suffer from a range of often serious medical issues. In addition, they were invariably emotionally shut down, exhibiting anxiety and phobic responses when confronted with new situations, people and sounds, as well as ones that recalled the conditions in which they were kept while in the puppy farm.
The use of artificial intelligence in scientific research with integrity and ethics
Authors: Limongi Ricardo
Published: April 2024

This paper addresses the evolution of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in scientific research and the ethical and integrity challenges that arise with its integration. AI has become an indispensable tool for researchers, accelerating discoveries and optimizing processes. However, using these algorithms raises concerns about bias, transparency, and accountability. The ability of machines to learn and create knowledge challenges the paradigms of authorship and credibility, putting integrity and ethics under new scrutiny. The discussion emphasizes robust ethical governance, collaboration among stakeholders, ongoing education, and the creation of transparent and auditable algorithms. It further highlights the importance of maintaining ethics and integrity at the heart of AI research to ensure its advancement benefits humanity fairly and responsibly, emphasizing the need for a holistic approach involving education, transparency, accountability, and active participation of multiple stakeholders. Finally, it reiterates that as we embark on this new era of AI-driven discovery, we must embrace both the opportunities and the ethical challenges it presents, ensuring that the use of AI in scientific research continues to benefit humanity by promoting knowledge and well-being.
La responsabilidad del diseñador como generador e impulsor de contextos incluyentes y accesibles en la sociedad
Authors: López López Mónica Yazmín , Alatriste Martínez Yadira
Published: April 2024

Inclusive design, universal design or also called design for all, is part of the vision that the products generated are usable by all people or by most of them, without the need for them to adapt or specialize. The design uses project actions linked to the inclusion of subjects with various psychophysical and sensory difficulties, contemplating their limitations and developing some solutions called responses-products. For this reason, it is of great importance to generate benefits for people through design, responding to complex and diverse needs, which turn out to be a real challenge for the designer. This chapter proposes a series of analyzes and reflections that help encourage the practice of design as a generator and promoter of inclusive contexts within our society.
Culture and law enforcement influence on m-government adoption: An exploratory study
Authors: Althunibat Ahmed , AlNuhait Hend , Almanasra Sally , Almajali Mohmmad Husien , Aljarrah Emran , Al-Khawaja Haneen A.
Published: April 2024

In an era characterized by technological advancement and innovation, the emergence of Electronic Government (e-Government) and Mobile Government (m-Government) represents significant developments. Previous studies have explored acceptance models in this domain. This research presents a novel acceptance model tailored to the context of m-Government adoption in Jordan, integrating the Information System (IS) Success Factor Model, Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Theory, and considerations for law enforcement factors. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the strategies for promoting and enhancing the adoption of m-Government applications within Jordanian society. Data collection involved the distribution of 203 electronic questionnaires, with subsequent analysis conducted using SPSS. The findings reveal the acceptance and significance of three hypotheses: Information Quality, Service Quality, and Power Distance. Additionally, the study incorporates the influence of Law Enforcement factors, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted determinants shaping the adoption of m-Government services in Jordan.