bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The causal relationship between diabetes mellitus and the risk of sensorineural hearing loss: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Guo Qingqing , Niu Dingren , Zhou Ling
Published: November 2024

An increasing body of evidence suggests that diabetes mellitus (DM) plays a role in sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). However, the specific causal relationship between DM and SNHL remains partially uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between DM and the risk of SNHL using a Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Single nucleotide polymorphisms closely related to DM were selected as instrumental variables using open genome-wide association study datasets. Three methods based on inverse variance weighted were utilized to investigate the causal relationship between DM and SNHL. Subsequently, multivariable MR (MVMR) was executed to adjust for confounding genetic associations. In addition, a range of sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the stability and reliability of the MR results. The inverse variance weighted analysis indicated a potential genetic causality between DM and SNHL (odds ratio [OR]: 2.179; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.123–4.231; P = .021). The sensitivity analyses showed that the included single nucleotide polymorphisms had no heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy, and outliers (P > .05). Moreover, the leave-one-out method further verified the robustness of the MR analysis results. Finally, the results of the MVMR study predicted that there was a genetic causal relationship between type 1 DM and SNHL (OR: 1.032; 95%CI: 1.018–1.047; P = 5.45 × 10‐6), while there was no causality between type 2 DM and SNHL (OR: 1.000; 95%CI: 0.958–1.036; P = .853). Our study suggested that DM and type 1 DM may be genetically responsible for SNHL. Although our study did not detect a genetic causal relationship between type 2 DM and SNHL, this does not rule out a relationship between them at other mechanistic levels. Further studies are required to confirm the findings and look into the physiological and pathological mechanism underlying these relationships.
Fire dragon cupping in treating a parturient woman with gastrointestinal dysfunction after cesarean section: A case report
Authors: Zhang Huiying , Ye Chunyan , Ye Xuefen , Cai Junhong
Published: November 2024

Rationale:

The postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction after cesarean section is commonly presented as uncomfortable symptoms such as abdominal pain and distension. As a novel traditional Chinese medicine characteristic therapy, the fire dragon cupping can effectively enhance intestinal peristalsis and improve the gastrointestinal discomforts by using the manipulation and moxibustion heat to stimulate acupuncture points. The purpose of this report is to provide a new approach and new ideas for rapid rehabilitation of gastrointestinal dysfunction after cesarean section.

Patient concerns:

A parturient woman, 39 years old, pregnancy 4, delivery 2, underwent lower uterine segment cesarean section under intrathecal anesthesia due to scarred uterus. On the 3rd day after cesarean section, the anus still did not exhaust and defecate, so this parturient woman complained of obvious abdominal pain, abdominal distension, nausea, and vomiting.

Diagnoses:

The measured abdominal circumference was 96 cm, and the bowel sounds weakened on auscultation; the plain abdominal radiograph indicated a small amount of pneumomediastinum, thus the incomplete intestinal obstruction was considered.

Interventions:

The parturient woman was treated with fire dragon cupping treatment in her back and abdomen once a day, each time about 30 to 40 minutes, 3 consecutive days of treatment.

Outcomes:

On the 4th day after cesarean section, the parturient woman naturally had anal exhaust and defecated watery stools twice, without complaint of abdominal pain distension.

Lessons:

Under the guidance of the concept of rapid rehabilitation nursing in obstetrics, according to the principle of making gradual and orderly progress, risk management of gastrointestinal dysfunction after cesarean section is carried out in the early stage, the fire dragon cupping and individualized rehabilitation scheme are implemented, and the parturient women with gastrointestinal dysfunction after cesarean section are actively treated.
Effect of Baduanjin exercise on acute myocardial infarction in patients with anxiety and depression after percutaneous coronary intervention: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kang Liang , Li Yihua , Chen Keyu , Chen Xiaoqin , Chu Qingmin , Zhao Xinjun , Li Rong
Published: November 2024

Background:

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the most severe type of coronary heart disease and patients often require percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, anxiety and depression are common complications of PCI.

Methods:

This study conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial to investigate the effectiveness of Baduanjin exercise in improving cardiac function and alleviating symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients who underwent PCI for AMI. Patients with AMI (n = 120) who underwent PCI at the Cardiology Department of The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine between September 2020 and June 2021 were included. Participants were divided into a control group (moderate intensity walking) and a Baduanjin exercise group. The treatment period was 8 weeks, with follow-ups at weeks 4 and 8. Improvement of cardiac structure and function indices was measured by echocardiography. Physical function was assessed using the 6-minute walk test. Mental state was assessed using the Seattle Angina Questionnaire, Hamilton Anxiety Scale, and Hamilton Depression Scale before and after exercise.

Results:

Compared to the control group, the Baduanjin exercise group showed improvement in change in left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (–1.0 ± 3.4 vs –2.3 ± 2.7 mm, respectively; P = .02), left ventricular ejection fraction (6.8 ± 4.2 vs 4.5 ± 4.3%, respectively; P = .002), angina stability (42.5 ± 31.7 vs 33.3 ± 29.7, respectively; P = .11), 6-minute walk test (118.4 ± 49.1 vs 88.3 ± 40.2 m, respectively; P < .001), and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (6.7 ± 2.6 vs 5.3 ± 2.6, respectively; P = .003), and Hamilton Depression Scale (7.6 ± 4.1 vs 4.8 ± 2.1, respectively; P < .001) scores.

Conclusions:

Baduanjin exercise for 8 weeks improved the cardiac function and mental state of patients with anxiety and depression after PCI for AMI. Through this study, we aim to provide reliable evidence in support of the beneficial effects of Baduanjin exercise on cardiac function and anxiety–depression, contributing to evidence-based medicine.
Clinical study of different frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with paroxetine in the treatment of poststroke depression with insomnia
Authors: Xu Xiafei , Li Liang , Gao Tianchu , Zhang Qiuping , Liu Shujuan , Liu Xiyan
Published: November 2024

Background:

Study the treatment of poststroke depression and insomnia using varied repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) frequencies alongside paroxetine. Aim to enhance rTMS effectiveness for depression, insomnia, neurological impairment, and daily living skills.

Methods:

Ninety poststroke depression (PSD) patients were randomly divided into a low-frequency group (low-frequency rTMS + enteric-coated paroxetine), a high-frequency group (high-frequency rTMS + enteric-coated paroxetine), and a control group (sham stimulation + enteric-coated paroxetine). The treatment was administered 5 times a week for a total of 2 weeks. Before treatment, at the end of the 2-week treatment, and at the end of the 6-week follow-up, the 3 groups of patients were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and Modified Barthel Index (MBI). The mean differences of scores measured at different frequencies and at different times were analyzed by repeated measure one-way analysis of variance.

Results:

The interaction between different frequency and score before and after treatment was significant. HAMD, PSQI, and NIHSS scores of the 3 groups after 2 weeks of treatment and 6 weeks of follow-up were significantly lower than before treatment, while MBI scores were opposite. The main effect of treatment scores in different frequency groups showed that HAMD, NIHSS, and MBI scores were not significantly different among the 3 groups before treatment. The HAMD, PSQI, and NIHSS scores of the low frequency group and the high frequency group were significantly lower than those of the control group after treatment, and the MBI scores were the opposite, except that there was no significant difference in HAMD-17 scores among the 3 groups at the 6-week follow-up. Among them, HAMD score in high-frequency group was significantly lower than that in low-frequency group, and PSQI score was significantly higher than that in low-frequency group.

Conclusion:

Low-frequency rTMS combined with medication has a better therapeutic effect on the insomnia symptoms of PSD, while high-frequency rTMS combined with medication has a more pronounced therapeutic effect on the depressive symptoms of PSD. Both high-frequency and low-frequency rTMS have an improving effect on neurofunctional deficits and activities of daily living.
Effects of combined anesthesia on pulmonary oxygenation function, hemodynamics, and respiratory compliance in elderly patients undergoing pulmonary lobectomy for lung cancer
Authors: Wang Jia , Zhang Weifeng , Qian Jing , Zhong Yanling , Deng Youming , Leng Weiwei , Li Yuehao
Published: November 2024

Traditional general anesthesia in elderly lung cancer patients undergoing pulmonary lobectomy may lead to hemodynamic fluctuations and postoperative complications. To optimize anesthesia efficacy, this study explores the application of combined anesthesia (general anesthesia combined with thoracic paravertebral block) in such surgeries. We evaluated the improvement of pulmonary oxygenation function, hemodynamic stability, and respiratory compliance in elderly lung cancer patients undergoing pulmonary lobectomy with combined anesthesia. This retrospective study analyzed 100 elderly lung cancer patients who underwent pulmonary lobectomy at our hospital from February 2020 to December 2023. Patients were divided into 2 groups: the control group received general anesthesia, while the treatment group received combined anesthesia (general anesthesia plus thoracic paravertebral block). By comparing intraoperative hemodynamic parameters, postoperative pulmonary oxygenation function, respiratory compliance, cognitive function, sleep quality, and postoperative complication rates between the 2 groups, we assessed the application efficacy of combined anesthesia. Compared to the control group, the treatment group exhibited better hemodynamic stability intraoperatively, significantly improved postoperative pulmonary oxygenation function and respiratory compliance. Additionally, patients in the treatment group showed faster recovery of cognitive function, better sleep quality, and a relatively lower incidence of postoperative complications. Combined anesthesia demonstrates unique advantages in pulmonary lobectomy for elderly lung cancer patients, optimizing intraoperative hemodynamic stability, promoting postoperative pulmonary function recovery, accelerating cognitive function recovery, improving sleep quality, and potentially reducing the risk of postoperative complications. This finding provides a new effective strategy for anesthesia management in elderly lung cancer patients.
Bilateral chylothorax following papillary thyroid carcinoma with cervical lymph node dissection: Case report and comprehensive review of the literature
Authors: Zhou Jing , Li Daxue , Xiao Qian , Zhuang Yuchen , Yang Ting , Xue Song , Gao Han , Su Xinliang
Published: November 2024

Rationale:

This case analysis and literature review aim to identify the causes of bilateral chylothorax following thyroid cancer surgery, a rare yet serious complication.

Patient concerns:

We report 2 East Asian women who developed bilateral chylothorax after undergoing total thyroidectomy with neck lymph node dissection. Both patients presented with dyspnea and significant pleural effusion postoperatively.

Diagnoses:

Both patients were diagnosed with bilateral chylothorax based on clinical examination and imaging studies, including chest ultrasonography and X-rays.

Interventions:

In both cases, conservative management was initially implemented, involving chest tube drainage, total parenteral nutrition, and octreotide therapy. Surgical intervention was considered if conservative measures failed to control the chylous output.

Outcomes:

Both patients showed gradual improvement with conservative treatment, ultimately resulting in successful resolution of pleural effusion and discharge from the hospital without complications.

Lessons:

For patients with bilateral chylothorax, conservative treatment should be the initial approach for small effusions. For moderate to large effusions, placement of a chest drainage tube is recommended, and surgical intervention should be considered if chyle volume exceeds 10 mL/(kg/d) for 48 to 72 hours or persists for more than 11 days following conservative treatment.
Comparison of two formulas for calculating intraocular lens in patients with angle-closure glaucoma
Authors: Ji Zhen , Ma Jing , Sun Zhonghua , Zhang Miaomiao
Published: November 2024

This study compares the accuracy of SRK/T and Barrett Universal II intraocular lens (IOL) measurement formulas for cataract phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation in angle-closure glaucoma (ACG) patients. Prospective serial case studies were conducted. A total of 146 patients (146 eyes) with ACG complicated with cataract who underwent cataract surgery with atrial angle closure ≤180° were observed. All the patients were divided into 2 groups according to different intraocular lens calculation formula, with 73 cases in each group (73 eyes). SRK/T intraocular lens calculation formula was used in group A, and Barrett intraocular lens calculation formula was used in group B. The visual acuity, the best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure and central anterior chamber depth were significantly improved in 146 eyes 3 months after operation, and the differences were statistically significant. There was statistically significant difference in postoperative spherical equivalent (SE) between the 2 groups (t = 2.147, P = .033), and there was statistically significant difference in preoperative expected refraction between group A and postoperative SE (t = 4.221, P < .001). There was no significant difference between preoperative expected diopter and postoperative SE in group B (t = 1.857, P = .065). The difference in absolute predicted error between the 2 groups was statistically significant (t = 4.929, P < .001). Axis length was negatively correlated with SRK/T formula and Barrett Universal II formula absolute refractive error value (ME) (group A: r = ‐0.740, P < .001; group B: r = ‐0.532, P < .001), there was A significant negative correlation between absolute refractive error value and anterior chamber depth in both groups (group A: r = ‐0.382, P = .001; group B: r = ‐0.358, P = .002). The cataract phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation is safe and effective for ACG patients with cataract. For such patients, the Barrett Universal II intraocular lens measurement formula may be more accurate after surgery.
Efficacy and safety of acupuncture treatment for stiff neck: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yu Bingbing , Yang Yan , Fang Junlin , Guo Yun , Qiu Yicheng , Yang Shun , Ran Sijia , Zheng Kai , Wang Tingting , Huang Yingru
Published: November 2024

Background:

Stiff neck is a common acute musculoskeletal condition that significantly affects the quality of life of patients. Acupuncture is recommended as an effective method for alleviating pain and restoring neck mobility in patients with stiff neck, but there is currently a lack of scientific evidence supporting its efficacy and safety. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture in the treatment of stiff neck.

Method:

This study searched 8 Chinese and English electronic medical databases, including China Biology Medicine disc, VIP database, Wanfang Data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, with a search period up to May 13, 2024. The focus was on clinical randomized controlled trials evaluating acupuncture treatment for stiff neck. The primary outcome measures were the total effective rate and visual analog scale scores. The quality of evidence and methodology of the included studies were assessed according to the GRADEpro guidelines. Meta-analysis was conducted to assess the results, with heterogeneity analysis, sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis, trial sequential analysis, and publication bias analysis performed to verify the robustness of the combined results and explore potential sources of heterogeneity.

Result:

This study evaluated 10 clinical randomized controlled trials comparing acupuncture therapy with conventional treatment, involving 754 patients. The treatment group received acupuncture alone or in combination with conventional treatment, whereas the control group received only conventional treatment. The analysis results showed that the treatment group was significantly superior to the control group in improving the total effective rate (risk ratio = 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.04, 1.21], P = .002), reducing visual analog scale scores (mean difference [MD] = −0.93, 95% CI [−1.29, −0.57], P < .001), reducing neck disability index scores (MD = −6.39, 95% CI [−6.79, −6.00], P < .001), and restoring cervical range of motion (cervical lateral flexion: MD = 4.29, 95% CI [3.15, 5.43], P < .001; cervical rotation: MD = 6.08, 95% CI [4.46, 7.70], P < .001).

Conclusion:

Acupuncture is an effective and safe method for treating stiff neck. However, to validate this conclusion, more rigorously designed and higher-quality studies are needed in the future.
Clinical outcomes and associated bacterial and fungal microbiota changes after high dose probiotic therapy for severe alcohol-associated hepatitis: An observational study
Authors: Philips Cyriac Abby , Ahamed Rizwan , Oommen Tharun Tom , Nahaz Nibin , Tharakan Ajit , Rajesh Sasidharan , Augustine Philip
Published: November 2024

Alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) is a critical condition with high mortality rates and is worsened by infections. Organ failure is strongly associated with intestinal dysbiosis. Emerging research suggests that gut microbiota modulation with probiotics can improve AH outcomes. This study investigated the clinical and microbiome effects of high-dose probiotic infusion (HDPI) compared with corticosteroid therapy (CST) and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in severe AH. Patients with biopsy-proven severe-AH were enrolled from March 2019 to June 2020 and matched for age and disease severity. The patients received HDPI (n = 20), FMT (n = 16), or CST (n = 14). HDPI consists of a potent probiotic mix delivered via a nasoduodenal tube for 6 days. The primary outcome was survival at 90-days. Stool samples were subjected to 16S and 18S rRNA sequencing to assess significant bacterial and fungal taxa and their interactions at baseline and post treatment. At 90-days, survival rates were 55%, 64.3%, and 87.5% (HDPI, CST, respectively). HDPI did not beneficially impact bacterial alpha-diversity but significantly altered beta-diversity. Notably, the number of pathogenic bacteria, such as Bilophila and Roseburia increased. Fungal analysis revealed no significant changes in alpha diversity, but significant dissimilarities in beta diversity post-HDPI. New fungal genera such as Basidiomycota and Phragmoplastophyta have emerged, with significant deleterious expansion in fungal communities and damaging modifications between fungal–bacterial interactions. HDPI failed to outperform CST in improving the clinical outcomes of patients with severe AH. While HDPI influenced both bacterial and fungal microbiomes, it also led to the persistence of pathogenic communities. FMT showed superior survival outcomes, highlighting the urgent need for further controlled trials.
Analysis of TRIOBP gene in non-syndromic deafness: A case report
Authors: Zhou Hong , Guo Gang , Gao Jianjun , Duan Hong
Published: November 2024

Rationale:

Through family investigation, the genetic map was drawn and audiological characteristics were analyzed. High-throughput sequencing was used to screen the deafness genes of the proband. Sanger sequencing was used to verify the suspected pathogenic sites in the family.

Patient concerns:

Identify the causes of hearing loss and treatment options.

Diagnoses:

Bilateral moderate to severe sensorineural deafness.

Interventions:

After completing the examination, the patient was recommended to wear a hearing aid or do a cochlear implant, but the patient was not treated for personal reasons.

Outcomes:

All 8 patients in this family were nonsyndromic deafness. The proband had a compound heterozygous mutation of c.A4484T/c.A4510G in the TRIOBP gene, and the patient II-6 had a heterozygous mutation of c.A4484T in the TRIOBP gene. A complex heterozygous mutation of TRIOBP gene c.A4510G/c.G59T was found in II-7, but no reports of pathogenicity of these mutations were found in relevant literatures and databases. In addition, patients II-6, III-4, and III-6 had heterozygous mutations of CHD7 gene c.T2615C and C.3202-5T >C, and patients II-6 and III-4 also had heterozygous mutations of CHD23 gene c.G5312A and c.C6250T.

Lessons:

In this study, a new locus of the TRIOBP gene was found, which enriched the gene mutant spectrum and clarified the pathogenic gene of the proband. However, the etiology of deafness in other members of the family needs to be further analyzed.
m6A-related genes and their role in Parkinson’s disease: Insights from machine learning and consensus clustering
Authors: Yan Jing , Wang Zhengyan , Li Yunqiang , Li Ruien , Xiang Ke
Published: November 2024

Parkinson disease (PD) is a chronic neurological disorder primarily characterized by a deficiency of dopamine in the brain. In recent years, numerous studies have highlighted the substantial influence of RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) regulators on various biological processes. Nevertheless, the specific contribution of m6A-related genes to the development and progression of PD remains uncertain. In this study, we performed a differential analysis of the GSE8397 dataset in the Gene Expression Omnibus database and selected important m6A-related genes. Candidate m6A-related genes were then screened using a random forest model to predict the risk of PD. A nomogram model was built based on the candidate m6A-related genes. By employing a consensus clustering method, PD was divided into different m6A clusters based on the selected significant m6A-related genes. Finally, we performed immune cell infiltration analysis to explore the immune infiltration between different clusters. We performed a differential analysis of the GSE8397 dataset in the Gene Expression Omnibus database and selected 11 important m6A-related genes. Four candidate m6A-related genes (YTH Domain Containing 2, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C, leucine-rich pentatricopeptide repeat motif containing protein and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3) were then screened using a random forest model to predict the risk of PD. A nomogram model was built based on the 4 candidate m6A-related genes. The decision curve analysis indicated that patients can benefit from the nomogram model. By employing a consensus clustering method, PD was divided into 2 m6A clusters (cluster A and cluster B) based on the selected significant m6A-related genes. The immune cell infiltration analysis revealed that cluster A and cluster B exhibit distinct immune phenotypes. In conclusion, m6A-related genes play a significant role in the development of PD and our study on m6A clustering may potentially guide personalized treatment strategies for PD in the future.
The effects of methimazole combined with propranolol on heart rate, bone metabolism, and thyroid hormone levels in patients with hyperthyroidism: A systematic review and a meta-analysis of case–control studies
Authors: Xie Xingxing , Fan Xiaodong , Fan Ling , Liu Xue , Zheng Yang , Yu Zhigang
Published: November 2024

Background:

The combination of methimazole and propranolol is considered an effective treatment regimen for hyperthyroidism in clinical practice; however, detrimental effects on the heart rate, bone metabolism and thyroid hormone levels have been reported. Therefore, the present study aimed to systematically review the efficacy and safety differences in patients with hyperthyroidism and the effects of treatment on heart rate, bone metabolism, cortisol, and adrenocorticotropic hormone levels using case–control studies.

Methods:

Clinical case–control trials of methimazole combined with propranolol for the treatment of hyperthyroidism were selected from Chinese and English databases, and data were collected from the establishment of the database until August 2024. Two independent researchers evaluated the quality of the literature using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). Meta-analysis of each effect index was performed using RevMan software (version 5.3), and the quality of the results was evaluated using the GRADE profiler system letter description method.

Results:

Sixteen clinical case–control trials were included in this study. Of these, 2 trials exhibited NOS scores of 7, 6 trials exhibited NOS scores of 6, and 8 trials exhibited NOS scores of 5. These accounted for 12.5% of the high-quality literatures, and included 772 patients treated with methimazole combined with propranolol (observation group) and 771 patients treated with methimazole alone (control group). The results of the meta-analysis demonstrated that methimazole combined with propranolol improved the cure rate, the total effective rate, and heart rate, compared with the control group (P < .05). In addition, calcification, bone glutamate protein, free triiodothyronine, free tetraiodothyronine, thyroid-stimulating hormone, cortisol, and adrenocorticotropic hormone were significantly different between the 2 groups (P < .05). There were no significant differences in leukemia, headache, dizziness, skin pruritus, bone pain, arthralgia, or in improving parathyroid hormone or reducing gastrointestinal reactions between the 2 groups.

Conclusion:

The present study demonstrated that methimazole combined with propranolol may significantly improve the heart rate, bone metabolism and associated hormone levels in patients with hyperthyroidism, without significantly increasing the risk of adverse reactions. However, due to the impact of primary literature type, quality or research methods high-quality, multicenter, rigorously designed clinical trials are required for further verification.
The Hippo pathway in oral diseases and treatments: A review
Authors: Ni Da
Published: November 2024

This review aims to provide a recent update on the Hippo pathway in oral diseases. The Hippo pathway plays a crucial role in organ development, tissue regeneration, wound healing, maintaining epithelial homeostasis, and modulating the immune system. Globally, billions of people suffer from various oral diseases, posing significant public health risks and resulting in substantial economic losses. This article reviews the recent advancements in the research on the Hippo signaling pathway and its effectors in various conditions related to oral health. The implications of Hippo signaling in various dental fields, including endodontics, orthodontics, periodontology, oral implantology, oral and maxillofacial surgery, and oncology are discussed. It provides readers with an overview of the regulatory role of the Hippo pathway in the development of various oral diseases and the potential for exploiting this pathway for developing targeted therapeutics.
Unlocking the potential of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in revolutionizing type 2 diabetes management: a comprehensive review
Authors: Joshi Nandan , Baloch Kanwal Mir , Rukh Shah , Khan Abdul Moiz , Muskan Fnu , Kumari Verkha , Khan Hasher , Zeeshan Mohd , Azam Ghufran , Khalid Saif , Anwar Insa Binte , Ahmed Iqra Furqan , Nishat Syeed Mahmud , Gandhi Fenil
Published: November 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a long-term metabolic disorder caused by inadequate production and resistance to insulin. The prevalence of DM is rapidly increasing, with type 2 diabetes (T2D) accounting for more than 90% of cases. Despite new treatments, many patients with T2D do not meet their glycemic targets due to clinical inertia. This review provides an overview of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) in the management of T2D. The review synthesizes data from clinical trials and meta-analyses on the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of GLP-1 RAs. It also discusses the mechanisms of action, classification, and barriers to adherence and persistence in therapy. GLP-1 RAs improve glycemic control by lowering A1C levels and promoting weight loss. They have cardioprotective effects and may reduce endothelial inflammation, oxidative stress, and blood pressure. Adherence to GLP-1 RAs is better with once-weekly injections, though gastrointestinal side effects and cost can affect persistence. Semaglutide and liraglutide have shown significant weight reduction, with semaglutide being particularly effective. GLP-1 RAs are cost-effective due to reduced healthcare costs associated with fewer hospitalizations and lower mortality rates. Safety concerns include gastrointestinal issues, pancreatitis, and rare cases of diabetic retinopathy and thyroid C-cell tumors. For clinical practice, GLP-1 RAs represent a valuable option not only for glycemic control but also for weight management and cardiovascular protection. Incorporating GLP-1 RAs into treatment plans can improve patient outcomes, and optimizing dosing regimens and addressing barriers such as cost and side effects are crucial to enhancing patient adherence and long-term treatment success.
Expression of ALKBH5 in Odontogenic Lesions
Authors: Udompatanakorn Chatchaphan , Sriphongphankul Worawan , Taebunpakul Patrayu
Published: November 2024

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant epigenetic RNA modification in eukaryotes and plays a role in various cancers in humans. This m6A modification is regulated by m6A writers, erasers, and readers. One of the m6A erasers is α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase homolog 5 (ALKBH5). Previous studies have suggested that ALKBH5 is involved in the pathogenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. However, the role of ALKBH5 in odontogenic lesions has never been investigated. This study aimed to examine ALKBH5 expression in dental follicles (DFs), dentigerous cysts (DCs), odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), and ameloblastoma (AM) using immunohistochemistry. Six cases of DF, 20 cases of DC and OKC, respectively, and 30 cases of AM were included. The expression patterns, percentage of ALKBH5-positive cells, staining intensities, and immunoreactive scores were examined. ALKBH5 was mainly expressed in the nuclei of the epithelial cells in odontogenic lesions. The percentage of ALKBH5-positive cells was significantly higher in OKC and AM samples compared with DF samples (P < 0.01). The percentage of ALKBH5-positive cells was also higher in OKC and AM samples than in DC samples; however, these results did not show statistical significance (P > 0.05). ALKBH5 cell staining intensities and immunoreactive scores were significantly greater in OKC and AM samples than in DF and DC samples (P < 0.01). Our results suggested that ALKBH5 might play a role in the pathogenesis of odontogenic lesions. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the precise molecular mechanism of the role of ALKBH5 in these diseases.
Dynamics of clustering rates in the Rhode Island HIV-1 epidemic
Authors: Novitsky Vlad , Steingrimsson Jon , Guang August , Dunn Casey W. , Howison Mark , Gillani Fizza S. , Hague Joel , Fulton John , Bertrand Thomas , Bhattarai Lila , MacAskill Meghan , Bandy Utpala , Hogan Joseph , Kantor Rami
Published: November 2024

Background:

Characterizing HIV clustering rates and their trends over time can improve understanding a local epidemic and enhance its control.

Methods:

Leveraging an academic–public health partnership in Rhode Island, we explored longitudinal dynamics of statewide clustering rates among key populations from 1991 to 2023. Partial HIV-1 pol sequences were grouped by year of HIV-1 diagnosis. Molecular clusters were identified in cumulative annual phylogenies. Overall clustering rates, and clustering rates of newly diagnosed and prevalent infections, and of specific sociodemographic characteristics of key populations over time were determined. Mann–Kendall statistics were used to estimate clustering rate trends and relationships among groups.

Results:

By the end of 2023, 2630 individuals with sequences represented the statewide epidemic in Rhode Island. Overall clustering rates increased from 7% in 1991 to 46% in 2023, correlating with cumulative sequence increase. Clustering rates of newly diagnosed and prevalent infections significantly increased over time, higher in newly diagnosed individuals since the early 2000s. Increases were also observed among groups defined by gender, age, transmission risks, race, mental illness, HIV-1 subtypes, and country of birth, with some crossovers and divergence patterns over time.

Conclusion:

Exploring dynamics of HIV clustering rates over three decades in a statewide HIV-1 epidemic expanded its characterization and provided insight into its evolving changes. These dynamics may indicate a gradual shift towards a more concentrated and localized HIV-1 epidemic, highlighting important opportunities for targeted interventions to effectively prevent new HIV transmissions.
Application of Polymarker Assistant External Alar Wedge Excision Combined With Internal Vestibular Floor Excision in Nasal Alar Reduction
Authors: Xu Yihao , Zheng Ruobing , Fan Fei , You Jianjun , Wang Huan , Zhang Xulong , Tian Le , Guo Junsheng
Published: November 2024

Background:

There are numerous techniques available to modify nasal alar. The combined alar base excision technique can narrow the nasal base and correct excessive alar flare at the same time. Despite its effectiveness, this procedure involves the removal of the skin of the nasal alar and the nasal mucosa, making the operation more challenging and raising the risk of postoperative asymmetry complications.

Objectives:

The purpose of this study is to develop a method of polymarker to assist the operation design to improve the precision of the operation and to avoid the complications discussed above.

Methods:

The authors conducted a retrospective review of patients undergoing nasal alar reduction using polymarker assistant external alar wedge excision combined with internal vestibular floor excision by a senior surgeon from January 2021 to April 2023. The postoperative appearance was evaluated in stratification by the patients during revisits using a VAS questionnaire.

Results:

The nasal alar was reduced with polymarker assistant external alar wedge excision combined with internal vestibular floor excision on 30 female patients ranging from 20 to 45 years of age, 10 of which were performed simultaneously with rib cartilage–related rhinoplasty. In all cases, the nasal alar was reduced without distortion. During the postoperative period, all the effects of the surgery were seen to persist for a lengthy period of time, and the patients were generally satisfied with the results.
Sewing: A New Quilting Suture Method for Nasal Septum Repair
Authors: Zhang Huaxing , Liu Youxian , Qiu Zhihong , Fu Lihua , Wang Mei
Published: November 2024

A deviated nasal septum leads to congestion and headaches. Surgery is the primary treatment, requiring careful postoperative septum positioning to prevent bleeding and hematoma. The study compared this method with nasal packing and traditional nasal septum suturing regarding surgical time, patient pain, nasal obstruction, and bleeding after septoplasty. The surgical time for nasal packing was significantly shorter than that for the other 2 suturing methods (P < 0.0001), but there was no statistically significant difference between the two suture methods (P = 0.1358). The Visual Analog Scale scores showed that the pain in the packing group was significantly higher than that in the other 2 groups within 2 days after surgery (P < 0.0001). The pain during suture removal was significantly higher in the packing group than in the “sewing group” (P < 0.0001). The number of injuries to the outer wall of the nasal cavity by continuous suturing was significantly higher than that by sewing (P < 0.0001). Tearing within 2 days after surgery was significantly higher in the packing group than in the other 2 groups (P < 0.0001). Compared with nasal packing, nasal septum suturing can significantly reduce postoperative pain and tearing, improve comfort, and do not increase bleeding. The newly described nasal septum sewing method in this study has no difference in surgical time compared with the traditional suturing method and can reduce injuries to the outer wall of the nasal cavity. In addition, it is painless and easy to remove during suture removal.
Cytomegalovirus seroprevalence among pregnant women in the region of Rabat, Morocco: a cross-sectional study
Authors: LAMRANI ALAOUI Hafsa , ZOUAKI Amal , El Amin Ghizlane , Belfquih Bouchra , Touyar Nora , Kabbaj Hakima
Published: November 2024

Maternal Cytomegalovirus (CMV) during pregnancy is a major public health problem worldwide, as it is the leading cause of congenital disorders such as neurological deficiency and sensory deafness. There is no preexisting data on the seroepidemiology of CMV in pregnant women in Morocco. Therefore, we retrospectively evaluated the CMV IgG seropositive rate in 200 pregnant women in the Rabat region to determine mothers’ immune status and its distributory pattern. The sera were obtained from serum bank between January and October, 2021. Questionnaires were administered to obtain information regarding the socio-demographic and clinical data of the enrollee. Maternal CMV serology was determined, using Alinity i chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassays for IgG quantitative detection (Alinity i CMV IgG Reagent Kit/Abbott). The age range was from 17 to 46 years, with a median age of 30 years (IQR 24.8-35) and a mean gestation of 20.4±4.1 week. The seroprevalece of CMV IgG antibodies was 198 (99%), while 1% of participants were seronegative. We recorded a high endemicity of prior CMV infection in pregnant women in the Rabat region of Morocco, suggesting that most women were infected with CMV at young age. Our study estimates that the risk of congenital CMV infections is more attributable to reactivation or reinfection than primary maternal infection.
Molecular characterization of a novel partitivirus with four segments isolated from Fusarium solani, the causal agent of citrus root rot
Authors: Ma XiaoFang , Huang Rui , Zhai LiFeng , Jiang YingChun , Moffett Peter , Wang ZhiJing , Song Xin , Zhang Yu , Song Fang , He LiGang , Ji ShengMei , Wu LiMing
Published: November 2024

We report here the identification of a dsRNA virus, obtained from Fusarium solani strain Newher-7, tentatively named F. solani partitivirus 3 (FsPV3). It consists of four dsRNA segments (dsRNA1–4) with lengths of 1961, 1900, 1830 and 1830 bp, respectively. Sequence analysis showed that dsRNA1 encodes an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), dsRNA2 encodes a capsid protein (CP), dsRNA3 encodes a hypothetical protein of unknown function and dsRNA4 encodes two hypothetical proteins of unknown function. Amino acid sequence comparisons showed that the RdRp of FsPV3 is most similar to that of Hulunbuir Parti tick virus 1. In contrast, the CP of FsPV3, as well as the hypothetical protein encoded by ORF3 of dsRNA3, was most similar to cognate proteins encoded by Colletotrichum-associated partitivirus 2. However, the two hypothetical proteins encoded by dsRNA4 showed no significant similarity to the available sequences in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database and encoded no apparent conserved domains. Phylogenetic analysis of the RdRp and CP showed that FsPV3 clustered together with other species in the genus Alphapartitivirus. Given that proteins encoded by FsPV3 are not sufficiently highly homologous to a single known virus and that it encodes two novel proteins, we suggest that FsPV3 should be regarded as a new member of the genus Alphapartitivirus in the family Partitiviridae. This is the first report of FsPV3 infecting F. solani.
Integration of Imaging-based and Sequencing-based Spatial Omics Mapping on the Same Tissue Section via DBiTplus
Authors: Enninful Archibald , Zhang Zhaojun , Klymyshyn Dmytro , Zong Hailing , Bai Zhiliang , Farzad Negin , Su Graham , Baysoy Alev , Nam Jungmin , Yang Mingyu , Lu Yao , Zhang Nancy , Braubach Oliver , Xu Mina L , Ma Zongming , Fan Rong
Published: November 2024

Spatially mapping the transcriptome and proteome in the same tissue section can significantly advance our understanding of heterogeneous cellular processes and connect cell type to function. Here, we present Deterministic Barcoding in Tissue sequencing plus (DBiTplus), an integrative multi-modality spatial omics approach that combines sequencing-based spatial transcriptomics and image-based spatial protein profiling on the same tissue section to enable both single-cell resolution cell typing and genome-scale interrogation of biological pathways. DBiTplus begins with in situ reverse transcription for cDNA synthesis, microfluidic delivery of DNA oligos for spatial barcoding, retrieval of barcoded cDNA using RNaseH, an enzyme that selectively degrades RNA in an RNA-DNA hybrid, preserving the intact tissue section for high-plex protein imaging with CODEX. We developed computational pipelines to register data from two distinct modalities. Performing both DBiT-seq and CODEX on the same tissue slide enables accurate cell typing in each spatial transcriptome spot and subsequently image-guided decomposition to generate single-cell resolved spatial transcriptome atlases. DBiTplus was applied to mouse embryos with limited protein markers but still demonstrated excellent integration for single-cell transcriptome decomposition, to normal human lymph nodes with high-plex protein profiling to yield a single-cell spatial transcriptome map, and to human lymphoma FFPE tissue to explore the mechanisms of lymphomagenesis and progression. DBiTplusCODEX is a unified workflow including integrative experimental procedure and computational innovation for spatially resolved single-cell atlasing and exploration of biological pathways cell-by-cell at genome-scale.
Posterior Parietal Cortex Modulates Perceptual Decisions Depending On Psychotic Phenotype
Authors: Scaramozzino Francesco , McKay Ryan , Furl Nicholas
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Reduced data-gathering and imbalanced sensory precision have been linked to psychotic-like experiences. These patterns arise in decision tasks that typically involve the posterior parietal cortex (PPC). However, a causal link between activity in PPC and the decision patterns associated with the psychotic phenotype has not been established yet. By the use of 1 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), we tested whether PPC excitability modulates data-gathering and precision encoding differently in high and low psychotic phenotypes.

METHODS

We compared performance in both the random dot motion task (RDM; perceptual inference) and the beads task (probabilistic reasoning) in two groups of participants (total,N= 68) undergoing TMS or sham-TMS over the right PPC. Hierarchical drift-diffusion models estimated drift rates (sensory precision proxies) and decision thresholds. We evaluated differences between TMS and sham-TMS groups and tested for interactions of these TMS groups with delusional and hallucinatory phenotypes.

RESULTS

In RDM, TMS increased decision thresholds compared to sham-TMS in the low psychotic phenotype group. This decision threshold effect was not present in participants with higher psychotic phenotypes. Drift rates, in contrast, were lowered in participants with higher delusional phenotype. We did not find any significant effect on beads task performance.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings suggest a causal role of PPC in decisions to end data-gathering during perceptual inference. The absence of this effect in the psychotic phenotype yields new hypotheses on the role of PPC excitability in neural mechanisms underlying decision-making patterns in the psychotic phenotype.
Considerations for Cell Type Heterogeneity in Pediatric Salivary DNA Methylation Analyses: Comparison of Reference Panels & Stratification by Estimated Cell Type Proportion
Authors: Chan Meingold Hiu-ming , Meijer Mandy , Merrill Sarah M. , Fu Maggie Po Yuan , Lin David , MacIsaac Julia L. , Riis Jenna L. , Granger Douglas A. , Thomas Elizabeth A. , Kobor Michael S.
Published: November 2024

Saliva is a widely used sample in epigenetic research with children due to its non-invasive nature. Since DNA methylation (DNAm) profile is cell type (CT) specific, salivary DNAm associations with exposures may be influenced by CT compositions, which is highly variable in saliva as it contains immune and buccal epithelial cells (BEC). Reference-based CT deconvolution and statistically adjusting estimated CT in DNAm analyses have become an increasingly common practice. However, careful examinations of how different reference panels may affect DNAm results and alternative approaches (e.g., stratification) are lacking. To scrutinize the best analytical strategies on pediatric salivary DNAm, the current study used 529 salivary DNAm samples obtained from children (mean age = 7.26 years, SD = 0.26 years) in the Family Life Project. Our results showed higher estimated CT variability with child than adult reference panels and highlighted the impact of these estimated CT discrepancies on DNAm associations with social variables (socioeconomic status). Stratifying salivary DNAm samples by BEC proportions detected a larger number of significant associations with biological variables (sex) and tissue-specific effect with cotinine level, a tobacco smoke-exposure biomarker. We provide analytical recommendations for future epigenetic research involving pediatric saliva samples.
M1-linked Ubiquitination by LUBAC Regulates AMPK Activity and the Response to Energetic Stress
Authors: Elbæk Camilla Reiter , Jahan Akhee S. , Cuenco Joyceline , Dahlström Anna M. , Aalto Anna L. , Rizk John , Hawley Simon A. , Franks Sarah N. J. , Stumpe Michael , Kolapalli Srinivasa Prasad , Hildebrandt Ximena , Früh Alexander Erwin , Nielsen Klara , Priesmann Dominik , Koch Julian , Deichmann Mathilde , Gullmets Josef , Verboom Lien , van Loo Geert , Peltzer Nieves , Frankel Lisa B. , Gyrd-Hansen Mads , Dengjel Jörn , Ryan Brent J. , Hardie D. Grahame , Meinander Annika , Sakamoto Kei , Damgaard Rune Busk
Published: November 2024

Methionine-1 (M1)-linked ubiquitin chains, assembled by the ubiquitin ligase LUBAC and cleaved by the deubiquitinase OTULIN, are critical regulators of inflammation and immune homeostasis. Genetic loss of either LUBAC or OTULIN causes autoinflammatory syndromes, which are associated with defects in glycogen and lipid metabolism. However, how LUBAC and OTULIN regulate metabolic signalling remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that LUBAC promotes, while OTULIN restricts, activation of the key metabolic regulator AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in cells, mice, and human samples. LUBAC and OTULIN interact with AMPK, control its M1-ubiquitination, and regulate its activation in response to glucose starvation and allosteric activation. During starvation, LUBAC deficiency impairs autophagy induction and hinders the shift from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis. Strikingly, LUBAC-deficientDrosophilahave a strongly reduced survival rate after starvation. Our work identifies LUBAC and OTULIN as physiological regulators of AMPK, providing the first mechanism by which M1-linked ubiquitin chains regulate metabolic signalling.