bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Future of a Free Press
Authors: Siebert Fredrick S.
Published: December 2011

International tensions and possible shifts of power within the United States will bring threats to press freedom which can be offset only by improved press performance. Dr. Siebert, director of the School of Journalism and Communications at Illinois, is author of two books on laws affecting the press.
News Notes
Authors: Root Robert
Published: December 2011

News for inclusion in this section … activities of schools and departments of journalism, staff appointments and changes, curricular developments and the like … should be sent to Professor Root, School of Journalism, Syracuse University, Syracuse, N. Y. Notes for the next issue should reach him by April 1.
The Content Response Code: A Pre-testing Procedure
Authors: Carter Roy E.
Published: December 2011

Developed as part of a research program at Stanford University, the “CRC” is a new technique for assessing the communicative effectiveness of printed materials. Dr. Carter is now associate professor of journalism and research associate in social science at the University of North Carolina.
Noah Brooks: Reporter in the White House
Authors: Blackmon Robert E.
Published: December 2011

The Washington correspondent of the Sacramento Union during the Civil War years not only was an able reporter but became a confidant of President Lincoln. In this portrait of wartime journalism in the capital, the author also summarizes the career of a 19th century newspaper writer and editor
Do Newspapers Overplay ‘Negative’ News?
Authors: Gieber Walter
Published: December 2011

A comparison of the news they printed with that offered them by the press associations shows that only one out of 34 Indiana dailies “over-selected” from negative or sensational stories. The author is assistant professor of journalism and director of the Bureau of Media Research at Indiana University
Local Uses of Wired Radio in Communist-Ruled Poland
Authors: Sorensen Robert C. , Meyer Leszek L.
Published: December 2011

Loudspeakers have not supplanted ordinary radio in any Communist country, but wired radio has become increasingly important as an instrument of party propaganda and agitation. This article describes its use by local organizations under the present Polish regime
News Notes
Authors: Root Robert
Published: December 2011

News for inclusion in this section … activities of schools and departments of journalism, staff appointments and changes, curricular developments and the like … should be sent to Professor Root, School of Journalism, Syracuse University, Syracuse, N. Y. Notes for the next issue should reach him by October 1.
The Re-Birth of Lithographic Printing
Authors: Hinkle Olin E.
Published: December 2011

Perfecting of photographic processes and halftone engraving led to the development of the photo-offset method of printing. In this article is an interesting footnote to printing history—the story of the introduction of the three-cylinder offset press at the turn of this century, and of the men who developed it
Increasing Reliability in Content Analysis
Authors: Stempel Guido H.
Published: December 2011

This study, based on part of the author's Ph.D. thesis in mass communications at Wisconsin, points out both the need for concern about reliability errors and the ways in which errors can be reduced. Dr. Stempel is now an instructor in journalism at Pennsylvania State University
William Dean Howells, Author and Journalist
Authors: Braly Earl B.
Published: December 2011

Howells, in his novels, presents characters who, like himself, moved from the newspaper field into literature, others who proved to be competent journalists and some who can only be called hacks. Dr. Braly is a lecturer in journalism and business director of student publications at the University of Texas
Eisenhower and the Press: The Partial News Vacuum
Authors: Pollard James E.
Published: December 2011

The author of The Presidents and the Press examines the effect of President Eisenhower's illness upon the relationship between the correspondents and the White House, and upon the flow of news to the public in the absence of presidential news conferences. Dr. Pollard is journalism director at the Ohio State University
The Profession of War Correspondence
Authors: Mathews Joseph J.
Published: December 2011

Despite a tendency for the correspondent to lose his identity in the vast and complex machinery for covering modern warfare, he is still ultimately responsible for the quality and honesty of the news. Dr. Mathews, professor of history at Emory University, is now abroad on a Fulbright Fellowship
A Selected Bibliography from Foreign Journals
Authors: Martin L. John
Published: December 2011

Outstanding news in international journalism was the return by President Aramburu of Argentine's great newspaper, La Prensa, to its former owner, Dr. Alberto Gainza Paz, who planned to resume publication on January 26, the fifth anniversary of the confiscation of the paper by dictator Juan Peron. Great Britain saw several newspaper mergers, notably the purchase of three Glasgow papers by the Daily Mirror-Sunday Dispatch group. The Commonwealth Press Union conference in Melbourne, Australia, invited the free world to exchange information concerning threats to the freedom of the press. And the Indian parliament passed a bill that provides for a press registry to control the “commercial aspects” of the newspaper business.
Evaluation of Editorials Through the Model Technique
Authors: Edelstein Alex S.
Published: December 2011

By use of the model technique, a historical framework was created for the evaluation of the editorial opinions expressed by five leading newspapers during the 1924 presidential campaign. What the papers said about the candidates and issues is compared with a model of events contrived from historical works.
Professional Journalism Education and the University
Authors: Drummond Edward J.
Published: December 2011

Education for journalism is a process integrating the liberal offerings of a university and journalism teaching based upon a genuine and pertinent body of knowledge, and thus schools should hold professional status, declares the academic vice-president of Marquette University.
Some Comments on Arbitration in the Newspaper Industry
Authors: Brown Howard J.
Published: December 2011

Arbitration has emerged as an important force in settling labor disputes in the newspaper business, particularly during the past five years. The author analyzes the reasons for arbitration's growth and indicates its advantages as well as its shortcomings as a procedure in union-publisher relations.
The Magazine Called “Success”
Authors: Mott Frank Luther
Published: December 2011

Out of the vast knowledge of American magazines gained by the dean emeritus of the University of Missouri School of Journalism comes a delightful vignette about a magazine for Americans devoted to the philosophy of getting ahead. Volume IV of Dr. Mott's History of American Magazines will appear this spring.
Soviet Law and the Press
Authors: Levitsky Serge L.
Published: December 2011

The Soviet Constitution promises freedom of the press, but an analysis of provisions of Soviet law which affect publication shows a far different story. The author is an assistant professor in the Institute of Contemporary Russian Studies, Fordham University, and is writing a book on the Soviet press.
Report on Current Research in Schools of Journalism
Authors: Price Warren C.
Published: December 2011

This report includes current research projects by staff members and doctoral candidates in schools and departments of journalism of the U. S. A., together with theses accepted from candidates for the master's degree in journalism. Professor Price is a member of the journalism faculty at University of Oregon.
Status and Attitudes of Science Writers
Authors: Johnson Lee Z.
Published: December 2011

Results of a survey of science writers show they are well-paid and satisfied with their work. They recommend courses in science and writing for students preparing for the field. While the largest single group majored in English in college, most recommend general reporting as preparation for science writing.
Trends in the Demand for Photographic Skills
Authors: Wilcox Walter
Published: December 2011

This department is devoted to shorter articles and notes on research in the communications field, either completed or in progress. Readers are invited to submit reports on investigative studies which might prove useful to other students because of content, method, or implications for further research.
Journalism Research around the World
Authors: Nixon Raymond B.
Published: December 2011

Along a route from Tokyo to London are many signs of a growing interest in research that might help the mass media with their problems. Especially significant is the use being made of research findings by a number of leading daily newspapers in adapting their news and editorial product to new conditions.
Use of Foreign News by 19 Minnesota Dailies
Authors: Casey Ralph B. , Copeland Thomas H.
Published: December 2011

This department is devoted to shorter articles and notes on research in the communications field, either completed or in progress. Readers are invited to submit reports on investigative studies which might prove useful to other students because of content, method, or implications for further research.
Journalism Research and Scientific Method: I
Authors: Westley Bruce H.
Published: December 2011

What are the objectives and methods of the researcher in the behavioral sciences, and how do they compare with those of the historian? Scholars interested in problems of journalism and communication need to understand similarities and differences in various approaches to the problem of knowledge.
Needed: A New Look in Photojournalism Courses
Authors: Bush George S.
Published: December 2011

Too many journalism students still shoot with “the flash on the camera” when they should learn to think in terms of 35mm and roll film available light photography. Budgets must be big enough to allow training in the new techniques necessary for effective “impressionistic documentation.”
The “Remarkable Mystery” of James Rivington, “Spy”
Authors: Lawson John L.
Published: December 2011

Was James Rivington, most famous of the Tory editors during the American Revoluion, a spy for George Washington? Why did Rivington remain unpunished after the peace, if he was not? The author tracks down the evidence about a persistent myth and offers a better reason for Rivington's fate.
Testing Representativeness of Mail Samples of Newspapers
Authors: Deutschmann Paul J. , Adams John B.
Published: December 2011

This department is devoted to shorter articles and notes on research in the communications field, either completed or in progress. Readers are invited to submit reports on investigative studies which might prove useful to other students because of content, method, or implications for further research.
The Peruvian Press and the Nixon Incident
Authors: Alisky Marvin
Published: December 2011

Free from censorship, the newspapers of Peru reflect a wide range of opinion. The United States receives both friendly and hostile coverage, depending upon the paper and the event. Most papers deplored the violence toward Vice-President Nixon but equally deplore U.S. actions that hurt Peru's economy.
New Diagrams for Calculating Readability Scores Rapidly
Authors: Powers Richard D. , Ross J. E.
Published: December 2011

The calculating diagrams presented here can further the use of recently recalculated readability formulas originated by Flesch, Dale and Chall, Gunning, and Farr, Jenkins and Paterson. The authors are assistant professors of agricultural journalism at the University of Wisconsin.
Mass Communication Media and Public Opinion
Authors: Noelle-Neumann Elisabeth
Published: December 2011

The head of the Institut für Demoskopie at Allensbach, Germany, cites the findings of empirical studies to show how they frequently are more enlightening than conventional sources of information. Her paper was read at the 1959 assembly of the International Association for Mass Communication Research.
Some Questions for Journalists and Journalism Teachers
Authors: Stanton Frank
Published: December 2011

The journalist's objectives of thoroughness, accuracy and speed may no longer be enough in themselves, says the president of the Columbia Broadcasting System. He urges all the mass media to join in supporting a long-term research program to find out how good a job they are doing.
The Inverted Pyramid Style and Attitude Change
Authors: Kerrick Jean S.
Published: December 2011

This department is devoted to shorter articles and notes on research in the communications field, either completed or in progress. Readers are invited to submit reports on investigative studies which might prove useful to other students because of content, method, or implications for further research.
Regional News Coverage in United States Dailies
Authors: Cranford Robert J.
Published: December 2011

A survey of 186 state editors provides considerable information about their practices and problems. The author criticizes (1) the small amount of space devoted to state news, (2) the continuing use of “personal notes” columns, and (3) the lack of a systematic training program for correspondents.
The Press of Thailand: Conditions and Trends
Authors: Pickerell Albert G.
Published: December 2011

Paternalistic government, political apathy and other influences have helped shape newspapers which are colorful but lack professional standards of accuracy. The author summarizes recent trends toward better performance, reviews the history of press controls, and describes the principal papers.
A System of Categories for General News Content
Authors: Bush Chilton R.
Published: December 2011

Subject-matter analysis of newspapers has been hindered by use of a limited number of “collapsed” categories. The author of this article (1) presents a detailed classification scheme based upon elements of reader interest and (2) reports results of recent studies in which the procedure was validated.
Pre-testing Editorial Items and Ideas for Reader Interest
Authors: Haskins Jack B.
Published: December 2011

Readers' ratings of magazine item titles on a thermometer-type scale are efficient predictors of readership, the author of this study has found. He presents data concerning the reliability and validity of “title-rating” and suggests ways in which editors and researchers might make use of the technique.
Report on Current Research in Schools of Journalism
Authors: Price Warren C.
Published: December 2011

This report includes current research projects by staff members and doctoral candidates in schools and departments of journalism of the U.S.A., together with theses accepted from candidates for the master's degree during 1959. Professor Price is a member of the journalism faculty at the University of Oregon.
How Editors Use Research on the Minneapolis Dailies
Authors: Goldish Sidney S.
Published: December 2011

The Minneapolis Star and Tribune have pioneered in utilizing research to serve every department—news, editorial, advertising, circulation—and to assist in decision-making. The research director of the two papers tells here how research helps take the guesswork out of editing.
Publication of Names of Juvenile Offenders
Authors: Steigleman Walter , Jess Paul
Published: December 2011

A national survey of newspaper policies indicates that an increasing number of youthful criminals may expect to see their names in print in the future, particularly where editors view publication as a deterrent to crime. Even in states with restrictive statutes, many editors find ways to lessen the limitations.
Effects of Reference Group and Status on Opinion Change
Authors: Adams John B.
Published: December 2011

When students were confronted with conflicting statements from American and British sources on issues involving “internationalism,” the nationality of the source had a significant effect on opinion change but prestige did not. The author suggests further study of the effects of “anonymous” sources in news items.
Content and “Mise en Valeur”: Attention as Effect
Authors: Bush Chilton R.
Published: December 2011

This department is devoted to shorter articles and notes on research in the communications field, either completed or in progress. Readers are invited to submit reports on investigative studies which might prove useful to other students because of content, method, or implications for further research.
Subliminal Stimulation and Voting Behavior
Authors: Parker Edwin B.
Published: December 2011

This department is devoted to shorter articles and notes on research in the communications field, either completed or in progress. Readers are invited to submit reports on investigative studies which might prove useful to other students because of content, method, or implications for further research.
Newspaper Editorial Readership and Length of Editorials
Authors: Baker Dean C. , Macdonald James C.
Published: December 2011

Limiting editorials in length may lose readers, rather than gain them, according to this analysis. Giving an editorial the lead position, or preferred typographical treatment, will gain it readers. Editorial pages fare well in readership by a breed of readers who like effective writing.
The Staged News Photograph and Professional Ethics
Authors: Wilcox Walter
Published: December 2011

A series of problems involved in staged news photographs are used to study responses of an ethical nature by various groups of newsmen and a selected group from the public, in an effort to present a case model for other studies of ethics. The author is chairman of the Department of Journalism at UCLA.
Multiple Factor Analysis of Dichotomous Audience Data
Authors: Westley Bruce H. , Lynch Mervin D.
Published: December 2011

This department is devoted to shorter articles and notes on research in the communications field, either completed or in progress. Readers are invited to submit reports on investigative studies which might prove useful to other students because of content, method, or implications for further research.
News Notes
Authors: Root Robert
Published: December 2011

News for inclusion in this section … activities of schools and departments of journalism, staff appointments and changes, curricular developments and the like … should be sent to Professor Root, School of Journalism, Syracuse University, Syracuse, N. Y. before October 1st for the next issue.
Immunization—with and without Use of Counter-Arguments
Authors: Crane Edgar
Published: December 2011

An experimental study of the effects of a two-sided message suggests that it may reduce the cognitive effects of subsequent counter-propaganda but be inferior to a one-sided message in effects upon emotional responses. Both implicit and explicit two-sided messages were used.
A Positive Approach to Advertising
Authors: Sandage C. H.
Published: December 2011

The head of the Department of Advertising at University of Illinois examines current criticisms of the institution of advertising and of advertising as a tool. He proposes steps which might be taken by practitioners and educators to improve understanding of advertising's social role.
The Daily Press in Suburbia: Trends in 15 Metropolitan Areas
Authors: Force James
Published: December 2011

The author compares circulation trends for suburban dailies in 15 metropolitan areas with those of the central city dailies for the years 1946–61. He finds that in 9 of the 15 areas the suburban dailies have scored substantial gains and that their over-all position is a bright one.
Readership of and Attitudes toward Journalism Quarterly
Authors: Moeller Leslie G. , Budd Richard W.
Published: December 2011

An extensive questionnaire survey of Quarterly readers, taken at the request of the AASDJ, indicates generally high readership and satisfaction with editorial policies. The authors analyze the survey results in detail for the benefit of the AEJ membership, other readers, contributors and editors.
Kefauver versus Crime: Television Boosts a Senator
Authors: Doig Ivan
Published: December 2011

Television's detailed coverage of the Kefauver Committee's crime hearings in 1951 was a dramatic event for the new medium. The author recounts the history of those broadcasts, beginning in New Orleans and Detroit stations and extending to the networks, and analyzes their journalistic effect.
The Mass Media in an Underdeveloped Village
Authors: Deutschmann Paul J.
Published: December 2011

Even at the low development level of a small Andean village, there are persons receiving messages from the modern mass media. The study suggests that the process of media audience building may be fundamentally the same in this quite different culture as in the United States.
The Press of Honduras: A Portrait of Five Dailies
Authors: Gardner Mary A.
Published: December 2011

While the freedom enjoyed by the press is more than might be expected in an underdeveloped country, its foundations are extremely tenuous. Too often the newspapers abdicate their responsibility to inform and educate, preferring only to influence. Their status may suffer as a result of the approaching presidential elections.
Anti-Americanism in Red China's People's Daily: A Functional Analysis
Authors: Edelstein Alex S. , Liu Alan Ping-lin
Published: December 2011

Anti-American propaganda, as typified by the contents of a Peking newspaper, has a functional purpose in Communist Chinese foreign policy and in bulwarking the regime internally. The authors analyze its use in the crucial year of 1959.
Computer Automation of Two Readability Formulas
Authors: Danielson Wayne A. , Bryan Sam Dunn
Published: December 2011

When difficulties were encountered in programming the Farr-Jenkins-Paterson revision of the Flesch formula for the UNIVAC 1105 computer, the authors derived a new formula better adjusted to machine capabilities. They found it works twice as fast.
Correlation of Salaries with Newspaper ‘Prestige’ Rank
Authors: Erlandson Erling H.
Published: December 2011

This department is devoted to shorter reports on research in the communications field. Readers are invited to submit summaries of investigative studies interesting for content, method or implications for further research.
Message Exaggeration by the Receiver
Authors: Wales Max , Rarick Galen , Davis Hal
Published: December 2011

Experiment indicates that errors by readers tend to be more toward exaggeration than minimization. Research is needed to find better ways of reducing this tendency.
How Candidates for the Senate Use Newspaper Advertising
Authors: Mullen James J.
Published: December 2011

Candidates for the U.S. Senate use newspaper advertising even more ineffectively than presidential candidates, and concentrate more than half their expenditures in the final two days, this study shows.
Newspaper Performance in Recession Coverage
Authors: Griggs Harry H.
Published: December 2011

A panel of five major metropolitan newspapers was slow in recognizing the onset of the 1957–58 recession, but eventually recouped in collective coverage. Closer study of economic indicators might have resulted in more effective performance.
Can a Journalist Be a ‘Professional’ in a Developing Country?
Authors: Head Sydney W.
Published: December 2011

A journalist is a professional to the extent that he conceives himself as employed by the public to serve the public. The author believes there is no situation in which a newsman does not have some freedom to develop the professional point of view.
A Profile of the Daily Newspaper Non-Reader
Authors: Westley Bruce H. , Severin Werner J.
Published: December 2011

Who is the newspaper non-reader? This study shows him to be low on the scale in occupation, income and education; either quite young or old; more likely a farmer than a city dweller; and relatively disinterested in social life.
An Experimental Investigation of Typeface Connotations
Authors: Tannenbaum Percy H. , Jacobson Harvey K. , Norris Eleanor L.
Published: December 2011

In an experimental study calling upon three groups of subjects with differing knowledge of typography to rate sets of typefaces, the authors find proof that typography can communicate connotative variations.
The Two Major Downings: Rivalry in Political Satire
Authors: Smith Henry Ladd
Published: December 2011

Seba Smith invented “Major Jack Downing” in 1830 and with his later imitator, Charles Augustus Davis, found an effective way to attack a popular hero by means of political satire.
Images of the United States in the Latin American Press
Authors: Wolfe Wayne
Published: December 2011

A study of 20 leading dailies in capital cities reveals that U.S. news is dominated by items on government and economics. This country is shown as tending to ignore Latin America and as being uninformed about it.
The Encoder's Intent and Use of Stylistic Elements in Photographs
Authors: Fosdick James A. , Tannenbaum Percy H.
Published: December 2011

This experimental study focused on the encoding behavior of news photographers. Significant agreement was found on such stylistic elements as number of lights, light contrast, print density, background tone and camera angle.
Media Use and Political Interest at the University of Costa Rica
Authors: McNelly John T. , Fonseca Eugenio
Published: December 2011

Exposure to news through the print media is closely linked to development of political awareness and participation by Costa Rican university students. Many do not conform to the Latin American “militant” stereotype.
The Young Scripps Editor: Keystone of E.W.'s “System”
Authors: Weigle Clifford F.
Published: December 2011

New source material provides a case study of how the Scripps chain's founder got promising young men to start new papers. Many were so inspired by his principles that they worked tirelessly on starvation budgets.
Highlights of the Development of Russian Journalism, 1553–1917
Authors: Desmond Robert W. , Jensen Jay , Bayley Richard
Published: December 2011

The story of Russian journalism to 1917 is told here briefly, based on translations of original pre-Soviet Russian sources. It is a story not unlike that of the history of Western journalism.
Communicator Image and News Reception
Authors: Sargent Leslie W.
Published: December 2011

This study indicates that there are essential differences in the way personal news sources are received as compared with impersonal sources. Ethical scales are the ones which most clearly differentiate.
A Paper for the Doughboys: Stars and Stripes in World War I
Authors: Pickett Calder M.
Published: December 2011

The flavor of the A.E.F.'s original Stars and Stripes is captured in this description of a soldier's newspaper which reported the battles but also carried items like F.P.A.'s ode to the ice cream soda.
Lenin, Stalin, Khrushchev: Three Concepts of the Press
Authors: Hopkins Mark W.
Published: December 2011

Lenin cast the model for the Soviet system and Stalin held to it rigidly, while Khrushchev elevated the press to a higher position. Under all three men, however, the fundamental flaw of state control remained.
The Editorial Mix: One Solution to a Magazine Editor's Dilemma
Authors: Haskins Jack B.
Published: December 2011

Algorithmic analysis of item readership data shows editors how maximum audience reach may be attained with a minimum of items, thus freeing them to do a more creative and constructive editing job.
Press Censorship in the Spanish-American War
Authors: Brown Charles H.
Published: December 2011

Censorship during the 1898 war against Spain was more extensive and effective than historians have been inclined to grant. But the press was incautious in reporting troop and ship movements.
The Korean Press and Public Opinion about Japan
Authors: Mobius J. Mark
Published: December 2011

By passing news about Japan through a historical “filter” that is charged with emotion, Korean newspapers make it more difficult for relations between the two countries to be normalized.
Open- and Closed-Mindedness and Cognitive Conflict
Authors: Mertz Robert J. , Miller Gerald R. , Ballance Lee
Published: December 2011

Michigan State data accord with the belief congruence theory of Rokeach, implying that Closed-Minded subjects find a stronger anchorage in prior attitudes toward source and thus change more.
Foreign News in U. S. and English Daily Newspapers: A Comparison
Authors: Hart Jim A.
Published: December 2011

According to percentages of allotted space, four English newspapers appear to judge foreign news as more worthy than do four U.S. papers, but all eight agree as to what type of news to print.
Factors in Social Control of the Press in Lebanon
Authors: Abu-Laban Baha
Published: December 2011

Formal censorship, economic pressures, the social structure, public opinion and news sources are important determinants of mass communication policies in one of the Middle East's few “free press” systems.
Color Television: New Language?
Authors: Scanlon T. Joseph
Published: December 2011

The findings of this experiment, while very tentative, suggest that color television may be a new medium of communication, diflerent from black-and-white television as the latter is from radio.
What Solutions Do People Endorse in Free Press-Fair Trial Dilemma?
Authors: Rucker Bryce W.
Published: December 2011

This experimental study using the Q technique shows five distinct groups of people holding divergent opinions on the free press-fair trial issue, rather than two opposing camps.
The Fight against Boss Crump: Editor C. P. J. Mooney of Memphis
Authors: Bridges Lamar W.
Published: December 2011

Boss Ed Crump held sway in Memphis 40 years, despite the opposition of two talented editors. Their stories are told in this and the succeeding article — first, Mooney of The Commercial Appeal.
The Wallaces and Their Farm Paper: A Story of Agrarian Leadership
Authors: Schapsmeier Edward L. , Schapsmeier Frederick H.
Published: December 2011

Three Henry Wallaces edited Wallaces' Farmer from its founding in 1895 until 1933, when the third Henry Wallace followed in his father's footsteps by entering the presidential cabinet.
Functions of the Mass Media in Brazil's 1964 Crisis
Authors: Lane Jonathan P.
Published: December 2011

In the struggle to oust President Goulart, both sides tried to use the media to persuade and mobilize support. But Goulart and his allies overindulged in propaganda and thereby helped provoke the military to act against them.
In Canada's Centennial Year, U. S. Mass Media Influence Probed
Authors: Beattie Earle
Published: December 2011

The author, in this essay on US.-Canadian relationships over a century, uses the results of a study conducted among Canadian students to point up the problem that U.S. mass media pose for Canadian Identity advocates.
A “Good” Afghanistanism: W. J. Cash as an Editorialist of the South
Authors: Morrison Joseph L.
Published: December 2011

The biographer of a brilliant young editorial writer finds that while Cash wrote incisive international editorials in the 1930s, he had to approach the South's problems largely through book-page columns.
Bernarr Macfadden: One of a Kind
Authors: Taft William H.
Published: December 2011

Bernarr Macfadden would have been 100 years old this August—had his physical culture program worked as he had planned. But in 87 years he had great influence on journalism.
The Rhetoric of War Preparation: The New York Press in 1898
Authors: Berg Meredith W. , Berg David M.
Published: December 2011

An historian and rhetorician synthesize their interests in focusing on the process of psychological preparation for war, as demonstrated in New York papers after sinking of the “Maine.”
Sensitization in Panel Design: A Coorientational Experiment
Authors: Chaffee Steven H. , McLeod Jack M.
Published: December 2011

This study of “sensitization” in panels and before-after designs finds evidence that contamination occurs. It also yields support for some of its predictions based upon the coorientation model.
Use of the Semantic Differential in Research on the Jury
Authors: Simon Rita James
Published: December 2011

The defendant is accused of incest. How do jurors' reactions to him change after the jury has discussed the case, thus exposing jurors to public discussion of a “taboo” subject?
Metropolitan Daily Newspapers in Australia Today
Authors: Holden W. Sprague
Published: December 2011

The daily in Australia contains something for everyone; there is only a short distance between the “best” and the “worst.” It is the country's chief medium of communication, despite the growth of radio and television.
Associated Negro Press: Its Founding, Ascendency and Demise
Authors: Beard Richard L. , Zoerner Cyril E.
Published: December 2011

In this article the authors trace the Associated Negro Press from its founding in 1919, through its peak subscription in 1945 and its broadened African service in the sixties, to its demise in July 1966.
Refining the “Gatekeeper” Concept: A UN Radio Case Study
Authors: Bass Abraham Z.
Published: December 2011

The news flow process should be divided by functions into news gathering and news processing segments. Research attention should be focused on the news gatherer, for it is he who makes the significant decisions.
Tatzepao: Medium of Conflict in China's “Cultural Revolution”
Authors: Broman Barry M.
Published: December 2011

The wall poster used by the Chinese Communists as a medium of mass persuasion was assigned a new and radically different function by Mao Tse-tung.
How Independent is New Zealand's Broadcasting Corporation?
Authors: Toogood Alex
Published: December 2011

The Act of 1961 was supposed to remove all political controls, but this study shows the national government moving into programming, finance, personnel and other less blatant areas of authority.
Media Usage and Political Activity
Authors: Becker Jerome D. , Preston Ivan L.
Published: December 2011

This department is devoted to shorter reports on research in the communications field. Readers are invited to submit summaries of investigative studies interesting for content, method or implications for further research.
Communications Theories and Racial Tensions
Authors: Lindley William R.
Published: December 2011

This department is a forum for AEJ members, who are invited to submit succinct articles dealing with educational trends, fields of study, laboratory techniques and student problems in journalism and mass communications.
Party and Newspaper Endorsement as Predictors of Voter Choice
Authors: Hooper Michael
Published: December 2011

Analysis of Illinois at-large legislative election of 1964 shows that party allegiance exhausts most of the total variance but that endorsement accounts for much of the within-party variance.
Mass Communication and Media in China's Cultural Revolution
Authors: Markham James W. , Liu Alan P. L.
Published: December 2011

The thesis is advanced by a distinguished Red China scholar that the elevation of radio as a prime mobilization tool and the decimation of other media resulted from conflict among the factors of personality, modernization and power.
Profile of the Philippine Community Newspaper and Editor
Authors: Markham James W. , Maslog Crispin
Published: December 2011

A survey shows papers serve English-speaking elites of 100,000 population cities. Professionally experienced and politically independent editors hold college degrees and are heavily involved in community affairs.
Under Damocles' Sword–the South African Press
Authors: Markham James W. , Orlik Peter B.
Published: December 2011

While the Nationalist government lately exhibits greater tolerance toward the opposition papers, such tolerance is neither demanded nor insured by law. No guarantees exist that the press will not be further circumscribed.
Inter-Media Standardization: A Q-Analysis of News Editors
Authors: Clyde Robert W. , Buckalew James K.
Published: December 2011

This department is devoted to shorter reports on research in the communications field. Readers are invited to submit summaries of investigative studies interesting for content, method or implications for further research.
The San Francisco Chronicle: Its Fight for the 1879 Constitution
Authors: Hall Mark W.
Published: December 2011

Although there have been instances in more modern times, the Chronicle's campaign for a new constitution in California is a monument to the power of the press against overwhelming odds.
The Press in Mercantile Maryland: A Question of Utility
Authors: Hoffman Ronald
Published: December 2011

Before the 1790s, a majority of Maryland's merchant community had not required a press in order to prosper. The press between 1760 and 1785 was helpful, convenient and useful, but in no sense essential.
The Labor Press and Its Audience: The Case of the Toledo Union Journal
Authors: Lyons Schley R.
Published: December 2011

The union newspaper in this survey research setting was held in high esteem by a large proportion of the membership and provided a competitive political news service to its blue collar audience.
Information and Decision Making in Economic Development
Authors: Markham James W. , Grunig James E.
Published: December 2011

In this study of Colombian latifundistas Q factor analysis yielded six decision typologies. Data support the hypothesis that information seeking is highly related to problem solving among entrepreneur types.
Socialization and the Mass Media in China and Japan
Authors: Markham James W. , Mitchell John D.
Published: December 2011

The mass media as agents of socialization have come to fill quite different roles in these two Asian nations with common cultural roots in the traditions of the family and Confucianism.
Levels of Science Writing in Public Information Sources
Authors: Funkhouser G. Ray
Published: December 2011

There are measurable differences in science writing aimed at audiences of different educational levels. Differences tend to be consistent with findings on audience effects of textual variations.
Lincoln Steffens: Interviewer
Authors: Stein Harry
Published: December 2011

Steffens' ability to gain rapport, induce confidence and secure often startling admissions rested on the nature of his relationships with potential informants within interview sessions.
The Press and the Mexican Revolution of 1910
Authors: Knudson Jerry W.
Published: December 2011

The press, playing a vital role in the 1910 revolution, later helped topple its hero. Thus an unsympathetic press can fell democracies as well as tyrannies.
Professionalization of Latin American and U.S. Journalists: Part II
Authors: McLeod Jack M. , Rush Ramona R.
Published: December 2011

Further comparative evidence between professionals and semi-professionals of different linguistic cultures indicates similarities and differences, raises intriguing questions for further research.
A President and One Newspaper: U.S. Grant and the Chicago Tribune
Authors: Leiter Kelly
Published: December 2011

When Grant lost the support of the Chicago Tribune, he lost one of his unabashed champions. In weighing the value of the Tribune's criticism, the author concludes that Grant's accomplishments outweigh the criticism.
The Mass Media as Sources of Medical Information for Doctors
Authors: O'Keefe M. Timothy
Published: December 2011

North Carolina physicians see medical information in the media as having little value to themselves, but differ in their perceptions of its utility for their patients and the general reader.
The Troubled Chinese Dailies of the Philippines
Authors: Lent John A.
Published: December 2011

Hamstrung by language, production and legal problems, diminishing circulations, limited advertising and feelings of insecurity, minority Chinese press of Islands, as elsewhere in S. E. Asia, sees the beginning of the end.
How Newsmen and Readers Perceive Each Others' Story Preferences
Authors: Atwood L. Erwin
Published: December 2011

Q analysis shows that among newsmen desk-bound editors are least able to predict subscriber preferences; but on the whole newsmen and readers show high agreement in their preferences.
The ‘Pentagon Papers’ Decision: More Questions than Answers
Authors: Pember Don R.
Published: December 2011

The Supreme Court's 6–3 decision upholding the New York Times and Washington Post will be remembered far longer for its political implications than for its legal stature.
Jefferson and the Press: The Resolution of an Antinomy
Authors: Robbins Jan C.
Published: December 2011

The libertarian side and the darker side of Thomas Jefferson are profiles of the same man. Both suppression and freedom arise from one systematic philosophy.
Press Coverage Patterns of Campaign News: The 1968 Presidential Race
Authors: Graber Doris A.
Published: December 2011

This study of press coverage of the 1968 presidential campaign finds great uniformity among 20 newspapers in discussion of issues and of qualities of candidates.
After Decline during Ayub Era, Pakistan's Press Thrives, Improves
Authors: Markham James W. , al Mujahid Sharif
Published: December 2011

Newspapers are now better produced technically, show greater editorial competence and responsibility; greatest needs are for regional mass media systems to integrate formal media with informal communication.
The Struggle of Paddock Publications Versus Field Enterprises, Inc.
Authors: Larson Carl M.
Published: December 2011

Market research, good management and new information systems can combat the so-called circulation-gap syndrome and stem the drift to fewer editorial voices.
White Backlash to Negro Ads: Fact or Fantasy?
Authors: Block Carl E.
Published: December 2011

Five of six ads containing Negro models produced no significant differences in the product's acceptability; but the sixth suggests there may be by the ad's setting.
Press Coverage of Regionalism
Authors: Atkins Pat
Published: December 2011

The nation is rapidly moving toward two increasingly separate Americas.

The Kerner Report, 1968
Victoria Woodhull and the Pharisees
Authors: Ek Richard A.
Published: December 2011

Perhaps the most notable reaction to an electrifying speech by this early advocate of women's liberation was the loosening of the cloaks of discretion on the part of a number of influential publications
Early Coverage of a President-Elect: Lincoln at Springfield 1860
Authors: Reilly Tom
Published: December 2011

Lincoln's change from a relatively unknown regional politician into a nationally known figure was due in large part to Henry Villard, who sketched the best in-depth profile of Lincoln to that time.
Q Study of Editors' Attitudes Toward Journalism Research
Authors: Sanders Keith P.
Published: December 2011

Q study shows editors support journalism research. Factor analysis yields three correlated factors, reflecting varied nature of support of research.
Bennett and Greeley, Professional Rivals, Had Much in Common
Authors: Saalberg Harvey
Published: December 2011

The fathers of modern newsgathering and the editorial page were personal enemies for three decades before they both died in 1872
Puffery–A Problem the FTC Didn't Want (and May Try to Eliminate)
Authors: Preston Ivan L. , Johnson Ralph H.
Published: December 2011

There is some evidence to suggest that people do rely upon puffery as fact and thus place themselves in a position to be deceived by that which is not true.
Elitism and Newspaper Believability
Authors: Meyer Philip
Published: December 2011

Survey of Detroit readers indicates how paper treats ‘plain folks’ is more likely to cause dissatisfaction than how it treats counterculture or authorities.
Newspapers and the New Feminists: Black Out as Social Control?
Authors: Morris Monica B.
Published: December 2011

Sparse coverage of feminist movement by papers in England and Los Angeles suggests black-out may have been in effect.
Carl Sandburg: His Association with Henry Justin Smith
Authors: Chu James C. Y.
Published: December 2011

Interest of the Daily News city editor helped Sandburg develop as a writer. Sandburg's stories were unorthodox, but he scored some notable successes.
American Press and Public Opinion in the First Sino-Japanese War
Authors: Hardin Thomas L.
Published: December 2011

Pro-Japanese editorials swept across nation at outset. Sympathy for underdog turned to admiration of victors and then to the apprehension that led to “yellow peril” hysteria.
English Writer Leigh Hunt: Victim of Journalistic McCarthyism
Authors: McCartney Hunter P.
Published: December 2011

As a journalist Hunt and his brother flirted with libel. After winning three cases, they were fined and imprisoned for libel against the Prince Regent.
A Comparison of Science Content in Magazines in 1964-65 and 1969-70
Authors: Sorenson J. S. , Sorenson D. D.
Published: December 2011

Science content of magazines increased between 1964-65 and 1969-70. Most of the increase was in coverage of space, conservation and environment.
Tailoring Science Writing to the General Audience
Authors: Funkhouser G. Ray , Maccoby Nathan
Published: December 2011

By manipulating stylistic variables in ‘information modules’, this experimental study demonstrates that science reporting can be ‘styled’ to maximize its effectiveness.
Diffusion of a ‘Happy’ News Event
Authors: Fathi Asghar
Published: December 2011

Diffusion of news of marriage of Prime Minister Trudeau followed same gross pattern as reported in other studies. Television, however, played a less important role than usual.
A Role Theory: A Dissonance Analysis of Message Content Preferences
Authors: Tan Alexis S.
Published: December 2011

An experiment pitting social interactional factors against dissonance arousal finds that role complement and (less clearly) norm salience predict content preferences better than does a dissonance condition.
Media Exposure and Mobility in Lebanon
Authors: Dajani Nabil H.
Published: December 2011

Lebanese data on media exposure as related to demographic variables tend to support Lerner's Middle East findings, but some differences emerge.
News Content, Geographical Origin and Perceived Media Credibility
Authors: Ryan Michael
Published: December 2011

This factorial study finds that newspapers are believed more than TV in some areas, e.g. state public affairs and science; TV is more believed in other areas, e.g. in news of student protest.
Televised Drug Abuse Appeals: A Content Analysis
Authors: Hanneman Gerhard J. , McEwen William J.
Published: December 2011

Most public service drug messages are broadcast at times audiences are small. Most present only general information rather than specific data.
Mass Communication Research: Evolution of a Structural Model
Authors: Tichenor Phillip J. , Donohue George A. , Olien Clarice N.
Published: December 2011

The authors trace the development of their own work in terms of a social systems framework for mass communication research. Other research is considered in terms of this model.
Free Expression Implications of New Federal Election Law
Authors: Killenberg George M.
Published: December 2011

Campaign Act of 1971 may be in conflict with First Amendment because restrictions and criminal penalties apply to media as well as politicians.
Newsmen's Interview Techniques and Attitudes Toward Interviewing
Authors: Morris Jim R.
Published: December 2011

Survey of reporters on larger newspapers shows substantial difference of opinion on use of tape recorders, note-taking and off-the-record interviews.
Articles on Mass Communication in U.S. and Foreign Journals: A Selected Annotated Bibliography
Authors: Knight Robert P. , Delahaye Alfred
Published: December 2011

Bibliographers: Chris J. Burns, Colorado; Jim Colson, Texas; T.M. Counts, Temple; Wendell Crow, Southern Illinois; Kathleen Cunningham, Missouri; Steve Lamoreux, Colorado State; John A. Lent, Penang (Malaysia); Mervin D. Lynch, Northeastern; Raymond McCall, College of Wooster; Michael Petrick, Maryland; Don S. Somerville, Colorado; Leonard P. Tipton, Kentucky; Ted Vaden, Missouri.
Boston's First Major Newspaper War: A ‘Great Awakening’ of Freedom
Authors: Yodelis M.A.
Published: December 2011

Religious controversy in Boston sheds new light on First Amendment history. Fleet, with Evening Post, provided libertarian model
Words vs. Pictures: Perceived Impact and Connotative Meaning
Authors: Culbertson Hugh M.
Published: December 2011

Word messages had more impact than pictures but both iconicity and sensationalism related to evaluative-ethical and interest-virality ratings