bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Group‐based trajectory modeling of body mass index and body size over the life course: A scoping review
Authors: De Rubeis Vanessa , Andreacchi Alessandra T. , Sharpe Isobel , Griffith Lauren E. , Keown‐Stoneman Charles D. G. , Anderson Laura N.
Published: September 2020

Background

Group‐based trajectory modeling has been applied to identify distinct trajectories of growth across the life course. Objectives of this study were to describe the methodological approaches for group‐based modeling of growth across the life course and to summarize outcomes across studies.

Methods

A scoping review with a systematic search of Medline, EMBASE, CINAL, and Web of Science was conducted. Studies that used a group‐based procedure to identify trajectories on any statistical software were included. Data were extracted on trajectory methodology, measures of growth, and association with outcomes.

Results

A total of 59 studies were included, and most were published from 2013 to 2020. Body mass index was the most common measure of growth (n = 43). The median number of identified trajectories was 4 (range: 2–9). PROC TRAJ in SAS was used by 33 studies, other procedures used include TRAJ in STATA, lcmm in R, and Mplus. Most studies evaluated associations between growth trajectories and chronic disease outcomes (n = 22).

Conclusions

Group‐based trajectory modeling of growth in adults is emerging in epidemiologic research, with four distinct trajectories observed somewhat consistently from all studies. Understanding life course growth trajectories may provide further insight for population health interventions.
Facile crosslinking of polybutadienes via triazoline heterocyclics: Deciphering mechanism and structural‐property relations
Authors: Sasidharakurup Reshmi , Kunduchi Periya Vijayalakshmi , Chinthalapalli Srinivas , Thomas Deepthi , Nair C. P. Reghunadhan
Published: September 2020

Chain‐end functionalized polybutadiene polymers have widespread application in composite solid propellants (CSP). Curing of these polymers is effected using the reactions at the terminal groups with isocyanates or aziridines if the functional groups are hydroxyl or carboxyl respectively. The high toxicity of isocyanates and aziridines demands alternate cure methods. A facile reaction, devoid of any side reactions is the most desirable one. The large number of double bonds in polybutadienes is favorable for 1, 3 ‐dipolar addition reaction with an azide to yield triazolines. The mechanistic aspects of the uncatalyzed and copper‐mediated azide‐alkene reaction have not been explored previously. The present study focuses on elucidation of the reaction using model compounds of polybutadiene namely trans 3‐hexene, cis‐3 hexene and 3‐methyl pentene which mimic the microstructure of polybutadienes. The paper presents the elucidation of the mechanism using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, detailed reaction pathway and its experimental validation using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. DFT studies indicate that the activation barrier of 63.8 to 85 kJ/mol for the uncatalyzed reaction. In the copper catalyzed reaction, it diminishes to the range of 18.1 to 33.0 kJ/mol. The thermal decomposition aspects of the cured triazoline system were evaluated using thermogravimetric‐mass spectrometer (TG‐MS). The binder undergoes single stage decomposition in the temperature regime of 278°C‐534°C which is lower than that reported for polyurethane‐polybutadienes. The decomposition reaction yields more volatile products like nitrogen, carbon dioxide, 1,4 butadiene and 4‐vinylcyclohexene, conducive for propellant applications.
Interactions between sorbitol‐type nucleator and additives for polypropylene
Authors: Nguon O.J. , Charlton Z. , Kumar M. , Lefas J. , Vancso G.J.
Published: September 2020

The thermal properties of a sorbitol‐type nucleating agent (viz. 1,2,3‐trideoxy‐4,6:5,7‐bis‐O‐[(4‐propylphenyl)methylene]‐nonitol (TBPMN)) were examined in this study, and the influence of common processing additives assessed. In addition, we describe a novel approach to monitor in situ the self‐assembly of the nucleator in presence of additives by optical microscopy. The performance of sorbitol compounds is closely associated to their chemical structure and ability to self‐assemble. TBPMN formed elongated fibrils from the melt under inert atmosphere, in molted polypropylene, or in presence of antioxidants. However, calcium stearate (CaSt) and glycerol monostearate hampered growth, and yielded thinner fibrils. In presence of the additives, melting point depression of the nucleator occurred, and resulted in a lower degree of crystallinity upon cooling. Performance evaluation of the nucleator in polypropylene blends revealed an increased crystallization temperature when antioxidants were present, while CaSt inhibited nucleator activity. The effect of mono‐glycerides was found highly dependent on the processing conditions. Noteworthy, blends containing all the additives displayed the highest performance. This study highlights the importance of the preparation method of polymer additive blends to achieving the best performance in the final product. Characterization was performed by thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, optical microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry.
Temperature‐dependent development models describing the effects of temperature on the development of Spodoptera eridania
Authors: Sampaio Fábio , Krechemer Flávia S , Marchioro Cesar A
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

The southern armyworm, Spodoptera eridania, is a polyphagous species native to the American tropics that recently invaded Africa. Knowledge of the impact of temperature on its development and survival is important to understand the risks of this species spreading to other regions and to develop phenological models for pest management. This study evaluated the effects of temperature on the development and survival of S. eridania and selected mathematical models to simulate its development.

RESULTS

The southern armyworm completed its development between 15 and 32 °C, but eggs did not hatch at 34 °C. Lower survival and higher rates of deformities in adults were recorded at 15 and 32 °C. Among the ten mathematical models evaluated, Briere‐2, Lactin‐2 and Shi were considered suitable for describing the temperature‐dependent development rate of S. eridania. The lower thermal threshold estimated by these models for the egg to adult life cycle ranged from 10.8 to 12.1 °C, whereas the upper threshold ranged between 33.9 and 35.0 °C.

CONCLUSIONS

The southern armyworm can develop within a wide range of temperatures, which partially explains its wide distribution in regions with different climatic conditions, and demonstrates its potential to occur in regions outside its native range. Our findings can be employed in the development of management strategies using the selected models to predict the occurrence of S. eridania in the field and determine the most effective times to implement control measures.
Stabilization of stage–discharge curves following the establishment of forest plantations: Implications for sediment production
Authors: Pizarro Roberto , García‐Chevesich Pablo , Pino Juan , Ibáñez Alfredo , Pérez Felipe , Flores Juan Pablo , Sharp Jonathan O. , Ingram Ben , Mendoza Romina , Neary Daniel G. , Sangüesa Claudia , Vallejos Carlos
Published: September 2020

The Purapel watershed in central Chile has experienced drastic land‐use changes since the 1950s, beginning with the conversion of native forests to forest plantations. Controversy exists on the effects of reforestation on sediment production in watersheds. The temporal evolution of stage–discharge curves and sediment production was evaluated and correlated with historic sediment deposition at the Purapel watershed's main gauging station. Annual stage–discharge curves and the evolution of the stage–discharge relationship over time were developed. Trends were generated using the Mann‐Kendall statistical test, comparing results with the evolution of sediment downstream. Obtained results denote a positive and significant trend at flows greater than 90 m3 s−1 (Z = 2.77). This can be explained by major flows that deepen the bed, which is consistent with a significant and sustained decrease in channel width (Z = −2.51) and the production of sediments (Z = −2.49). Similarly, the average annual number of curves decreased from 1.7 to 1.4. This analysis supports the conclusion that sediment production from the Purapel watershed drastically decreased after the majority of forest plantations were established around 1990, with important implications on how to retain sediments on degraded slopes through large‐scale afforestation projects, as well as the necessary politics to make it happen.
3‐1: Invited Paper: Super Bright 8K LCD with 10,000 nit Realized by Excellent Light‐Resistance Characteristics of IGZO TFT Backplane
Authors: Nishimura Jun , Hara Kengo , Daitoh Tohru , Ohtsuki Kenji , Takase Kenji , Kawahira Yuichi , Sakai Akira , Minoura Kiyoshi
Published: September 2020

A 31.5″ 8K LCD with 10,000 nit peak luminance, based on the Perceptual Quantization format in the ITU‐R Recommendation BT2100, has been developed with local dimming driving to perceive a high dynamic range in bright ambient environments. Good and uniform image quality has been confirmed due to excellent light‐resistance characteristics of IGZO TFT.
9‐5: Late‐News Paper: A 3.9‐inch LTPS TFT Full Color MicroLED Display with Novel Driving and Reflector Cavity Process
Authors: Tamaki Masaya , Suzuki Takanobu , Aoki Katsumi , Yokoyama Ryoichi , Ito Hiroaki , Nakamitsu Sho , Imaizumi Kunio , Yamanoguchi Katsumi , Nishide Masahiko , Rahadian Fanny , Matsuda Seiji , Lang Erwin , Hoeppel Lutz
Published: September 2020

A 3.9′ microLED display prototype with LTPS backplanes has been developed by using a newly‐designed current and PWM hybrid driving technology to lower the color shift, resulting in achieving a higher frame rate. A novel approach for a reflector cavity process for improving outcoupling efficiency was also proposed.
14‐4: Late‐News Paper: Large‐Area Optical Fingerprint Sensors for Next Generation Smartphones
Authors: Ballot Noémie
Published: September 2020

Printing‐based organic photodiodes have demonstrated cost effective process and compatibility with Flat Panel industry equipment making large area optical fingerprint sensors viable for volume production. Large area thin film‐based optical collimator enables simple behind display integration. Advantages of this technology are high security level for fingerprint, enhanced ease of use and slim module.
21‐2: Invited Paper: 1µm Pixel Pitch Spatial Light Modulator Panel for Digital Holography
Authors: Hwang Chi-Sun , Choi Ji Hun , Pi Jae-Eun , Yang Jong-Heon , Kim Gi Heon , Kim Yong-Hae , Kim Joo Yeon , Lee Won-Jae , Kim Hee-Ok , Lee Ha Kyun , Kim MyungYu , Kim Jinwoong
Published: September 2020

Digital hologram images reconstructed through interference of the modulated light waves requires ultra high resolution display panel. BCE oxide TFTs with channel width of 0.5µm and channel length of 2µm were stacked on data line for the integration of 1µm pitch pixel. 1µm pixel pitch 16K spatial light modulator on glass substrate was successfully fabricated with vertically stacked TFT structure.
22‐3: 5 µm Thickness of Low‐Retardation Plastic Foil with Gas Barrier and Transparent Conductive Layer for Bendable Devices
Authors: Kinoshita Hiroki , Ohashi Takehiro , Furuya Takumi , Naganawa Satoshi
Published: September 2020

A 5 µm thickness foil with low retardation less than 1 nm and excellent thermal stability at 150˚C was presented. Over 10,000 cycles bending tests at 0.5 mm radius were achieved as a substrate of gas barrier and transparent conductive films.
23‐3: High Transparent, Ultra‐thin Flexible, Full color Mini‐LED Display with IGZO TFT substrate
Authors: Sun Yang , Fan Jack , Yin Yongming , Liu Minggang , Jiang Pei , Zhang Lijun , Jiang Bei , Yuan Chunge , Zhang Min , Chen Shu-jhih , Lee Chia-Yu , Zhang Xin
Published: September 2020

Mini‐LED and micro‐LED are expected to be the next generation display, due to their diverse applications. In this study, we successfully fabricated an 8‐inch flexible mini‐LED display using an IGZO TFT backplane. Being cooperated with colorless polyimide (CPI) as substrate, the thickness of the mini‐LED panel is less than 0.2mm, and the transmittance is over 60%. The world's first 8‐inch, full color, flexible mini‐LED with IGZO‐TFT backplane is demonstrated.
23‐4: Full Color, Active‐Matrix Micro‐LED Display with Dual Gate a‐IGZO TFT Backplane
Authors: Kim Hyo-Min , Lee Jiseob , park Sungmin , Choi Wonseok , Kim Soohyun , Jeon Ki-Seong , Choi Yoon-Ho , Lee Jeong-Soo , Jang Jin
Published: September 2020

A full color, active matrix micro‐LED (AMLED) display using dual‐gate (DG) a‐IGZO TFT and lateral micro‐LED chip is demonstrated. It is found that DG a‐IGZO TFT backplane is suitable for driving large area, full color micro‐LED display. In this research, the driving TFTs for red, green and blue µ‐LEDs exhibit a uniform threshold voltage (Vth) and linear mobility characteristics as 0.4, 0.3 and 0.3 V, and 7.79, 7.83 and 7.78 cm2/Vs, respectively. Also, the full color AMLED display has a 58 ppi with diagonal 2‐inch and exhibits the wide color triangle as 110.5 % in National Television System Committee (NTSC) 1931.
28‐1: Image Capture Through TFT Arrays
Authors: Emerton Neil , Ren David , Large Tim
Published: September 2020

Images captured through displays are dim and blurred owing to attenuation and diffraction. Display structures can result in angular frequencies in the scene being completely blocked. We describe an optical method to recover these frequencies resulting in a more complete capture of the scene.
29‐1: Invited Paper: Analysis of Dynamic Strain on Foldable Devices
Authors: Ando Nao , Hyodo Kei , Sasaki Hisao , Ota Yoshihito , Terasaki Nao , Sasayama Tomoki , Yokoi Yusuke , Shishido Atsushi , Akamatsu Norihisa , Taguchi Ryo
Published: September 2020

Understanding of mechanical stresses on foldable devices is important to develop them. In other words, it is important to analyze dynamic strain by controlling motion profile, to design mechanical structure with lowered stress. In order to elucidate dynamic strain, here we explore several ways of strain analysis by novel methods.
30‐1: Invited Paper: Development of MicroLED Display by PixeLED Display Technology
Authors: Liu Ying-Tsang (Falcon) , Liao Kuan-Yung , Li Yun-Li
Published: September 2020

MicroLED display is an emerging technology with high brightness, wide color gamut, and high aperture ratio. Based on our proprietary PixeLED® Display and SMAR⋅Tech™ repair technology, we could build defect‐free MicroLED displays which meet the product requirements.
32‐1: Weak Sub‐color Sub‐sampling for High Resolution Image Bandwidth Reduction
Authors: Lee Joonhee , Park Dongwon , Kim Changgone , Yoon Sooyoung
Published: September 2020

This paper provides a novel image processing and interface technique that can reduce its data bandwidth simply without critical image quality degradation so that a real‐time high resolution display system can save its power and cost. It analyzes each sub‐color with respect to its contribution to an original image to decide which sub‐color is the least‐contributed (‘Weak sub‐color data’) and how to reduce its transmission bandwidth. The input image or video data can be converted into a combination of some of original sub‐color data and some of 1: N sub‐sampled sub‐color data having the smallest contribution. If N = 4 for one sub‐color, the data transmission rate is reduced by 25%, and if N > 4 for one sub‐color, the required data bandwidth for transmission can be reduced further. This enables more efficient and low cost implementations in various high resolution display systems.
35‐1: The Mechanism and Solution of Horizontal Line Defects by Mutual Interference of Flexible OLED and Touch Sensor
Authors: Cho Hyun Wook , Lee Innam , Lee Hyun Jae , Kim Min Hong , Park Jae Hyun , Oh Ye Rin
Published: September 2020

The high voltage driving in touch sensor of flexible OLED has been employed for improving the performance of touch sensor. However, the high voltage ingenerates visible horizontal line defects in specific modes. The mechanisms and solutions of horizontal line interference are explained and proposed by tuning the timing and frequency of touch signals.
35‐3: The Application of Metal Mesh Manhattan Patterns in Flexible Touch Panel
Authors: Wang Shuang , Ma Conghua , Yao Qijun , Wang Lihua
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we introduced the challenges of touch‐sensor design for foldable modules with reduced thickness. Advantages of metal‐mesh touch sensor with Manhattan pattern is demonstrated for foldable application by comparing with traditional ITO touch sensor. Test results of a foldable OLED module with touch sensor of optimized pattern are presented. Comparable performance as rigid modules have been achieved.
36‐3: Novel and Simple Patterning process of Quantum Dots via Transfer Printing for Active Matrix QD‐LED
Authors: Bang Sang Yun , Fan Xiangbing , Lee Sang Hyo , Choi Hyung Woo , Shin Dong Wook , Jung Sung Min , Lee Hanleem , Yang Jiajie , Suh Yo-han , Occhipinti Luigi G. , Han Soo Deok , Kim Jong Min
Published: September 2020

The next generation of a self‐emitting display requires precise and stable patterning techniques to shape Red, Green, and Blue pixels using quantum dots. In this study, we propose the novel and simple transfer printing process for the active matrix QD‐LEDs.
41‐2: Invited Paper: Recent Developments in Inkjet‐printed OLEDs for High Resolution, Large Area Applications
Authors: Kang Jin-goo , Koo Youngmo , Ha Jaekook , Lee Changhee
Published: September 2020

RGB printing method has been widely regarded as a potential tool for manufacturing high resolution, large size OLED applications, with the help of recent progresses of soluble OLED materials and ink‐jet printing equipment. However, there are still technical hurdles which remain in order for inkjet‐printed OLED displays to move from prototype to mass production scale.

In this report, recent R&D trends will be reviewed of device performances, ink‐jet printing equipment, as well as inkjet‐printed OLED products recently demonstrated by display panel makers for various applications. Moreover, key technical issues will be discussed to be overcome in order for mass production, such as an ink formulation, a high resolution ink‐jet printing, inter‐mixing between printed layers, thickness uniformity of printed layers, etc.

Lastly, our recent progress will be presented, of a power consumption, color gamut, and lifetime of inkjet‐printed panel with pixel resolution over 200ppi.
42‐2: Establishment and Simulation Optimization of Optical Fingerprint Recognition Structure in LCD Screen
Authors: Huang Jianmou , Wang Hailiang , Lin Yan , Zhou Wenqi , Long Yaqiong , Yang Yan , Wu Ling , Zhou Ting , Shen Boping , Li Junyi
Published: September 2020

This paper reports a new type of liquid crystal screen which has an in‐screen optical fingerprint recognition collimation structure. The collimator structure in the TFT&CF glass in the screen has different opening size and height. Through simulation, the SNR( Signal to Noise Ratio )&CR(contrast ratio) evaluation criteria were obtained to judge the fingerprint identification accuracy of the collimating structure .Compared with the unoptimized structure, the optimized collimation layer improves the accuracy of fingerprint identification.
42‐3: Late‐News Paper: Full‐Screen Capacitive Fingerprint Sensor and Touch Sensor
Authors: Uehara Toshinori , Hayashi Makoto , Fujisawa Akihiko , Iuchi Shinya , Suzuki Yuji , Nakano Fumihoru , Kono Takaaki , Tsunashima Takanori , Saito Akihiko , Yamada Teppei , Goto Naoshi
Published: September 2020

We have developed a novel full screen capacitive fingerprint and touch sensor, which can scan and detect a user's fingerprint anywhere on display, using Low Temperature Poly‐silicon (LTPS) technology and Analog Front End Integrated Circuit (AFE IC) technology. This sensor can detect a fingerprint image with good Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) through a cover glass, and mode transition from touch sensing to fingerprint sensing, with finger position feedback, in less than 10 msec.
48‐4: Toward the Achieving Excellent Longevity of Blue OLED Device: A Computation Study on Importance of the Co‐optimization of Material and Device
Authors: Choi Sun Mi , Kang Sunwoo , Cho Youngmi , Jeon Sang Ho
Published: September 2020

The device lifetime of phosphor mediated TADF OLED, which is composed of three different type of materials such as host, phosphorescence, and TADF emitters in EML, was systematically investigated by a multi‐scale approach from quantum mechanics simulation to kinetic Monte Carlo simulation. The quantum chemical simulations to estimate the chemical stability of materials in atomic scale were clearly showed that the photo‐ or electro‐chemical stability in excited state was good qualitative correlation with device lifetime. From the results, we could figure out the crucial parameters that strongly related with the lifetime of blue TADF devices. Then, the device simulations based on kinetic Monte Carlo method were performed to understand excitonic dynamic. Based on the understanding about both a role of phosphorescence and a mechanism of energy transfer through emitters in EML, we found out that a concentration of triplet exciton around TADF emitters could be a dominant origin of the short lifetime even if TADF would have a sufficient stability condition we expect, and should be reduce to prevent the excitonic stress such as triplet‐triplet annihilation and triplet‐polaron quenching, resulting in the degradation of emitters. Consequently, this work suggests the simultaneous co‐optimization of both the device and its component material, for deep blue OLED device with a longer lifetime.
53‐5: Late‐News Paper: a‐IGZO TFT Based Active Matrix Pressure Sensor by Integrating ZnO Nanowires as Sensing Unit
Authors: Shi Xuewen , Lu Congyan , Zhang Li , Geng Di , Li Ling , Pan Caofeng
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we demonstrated an amorphous indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide thin film transistors (a‐IGZO TFTs) based active matrix touch sensor array by integrating ZnO nanowires (NWs) as pressure sensitive materials. ZnO NWs servicing as a piezoelectric material shown superior mechanical‐electric transition performance as well as excellent compatibility with TFT process. The ZnO NWs were connected with switching TFT in series. When a pressure was applied on sensor unit, the deformation of ZnO NWs would induce change of resistance or metal‐semiconductor barrier height between ZnO NWs and contact metal, thus the current following through pressure unit would change. By using this method, we accurately mapped pressure change in a region of 1.4cm*1.4cm2. The demonstration in this work gave a possible solution for integrating pressure sensor in display panel in future applications.
54‐2: Distinguished Student Paper: Increasing the Pixel Density for VR Displays with a Polarization Grating
Authors: Zou Junyu , Zhan Tao , Xiong Jianghao , Wu Shin-Tson
Published: September 2020

An optical approach to double the pixel density by using a Pancharatnam‐Berry deflector (PBD), which generates two virtual shifted‐pixel grids based on polarization‐multiplexing, is present. A three‐layer multi‐twist PBD is fabricated, which can achieve high diffraction efficiency, broad bandwidth, and large incident angle in the visible spectral region.
57‐1: Spatiotemporal Noise Targets Inspired by Natural Imagery Statistics
Authors: Kunkel Timo , Daly Scott
Published: September 2020

There is a long tradition of using simple geometric synthetic test patterns for display and video metrology, and a somewhat newer tradition of using pictorial imagery for overall quality assessment, such as for subjective studies and demonstrations. Each of these key approaches have disadvantages. The synthetic targets can be stress testers that have no bearing on practical usage of the imaging system and act to drive up costs, while pictorial imagery can easily fail on robustness assessment and lack a foundation for analysis. To alleviate the shortcomings of both approaches, we propose a system of noise field videos designed using specific statistical parameters as a foundation for video test targets for display assessment, and also provide a tool to generate such videos.
59‐4: Late‐News Paper: High Transmittance and High Charging Rate 8K 120Hz ADS LCD TV
Authors: Hu Hehe , Yuan Guangcai , Gu Zhaoyun , Huang Jianhua , Ning Ce , Wang Baoqiang , Qiu Yun , Ma Xiaocheng , Liu Liwei , Liu Rui , Li Zhengliang , Shi Guangdong , Wang Lizhong , Yao Nianqi , Dong Shuilang , Xue Dapeng
Published: September 2020

A 65‐inch 8K 120Hz ADS LCD TV based on novel technologies including New Oxide BCE, i‐ADS , DCT‐PS and SSD (Smart Sync Driving) , has achieved a high transmittance of 4.0% and a high charging rate of 92%. At the same time, BOE have developed the world's first 110‐inch 8K ADS‐LCD TV with 120Hz‐driven.
64‐3: Simulation of Beam Shaping by Micro‐textures for Curved Displays
Authors: Aeberhard Urs , Hiestand Roman , Ruhstaller Beat
Published: September 2020

We simulate the guiding and out‐coupling of light in strongly curved backlight units with edge illumination using a 3D ray‐tracing tool with custom light emission and scattering features. The impact of the display curvature is assessed regarding the uniformity and angular characteristics of light outcoupling in a complex backlight with position‐dependent bottom roughness, a diffuser element and a textured brightness enhancement film.
66‐3: The Way to Improve Black Circle Mura in Curved Display by Polyimide‐less Technology
Authors: Cui Wei , Lan Song , Tseng Te-Jen , Hsieh Chung-Ching
Published: September 2020

In the fabrication of curved diplay, there always exist black circle mura, which is induced by the curvature. To improve this phenomenon, polyimide‐less technology was introduced. Polyimide‐less technology is a technology in which an additive can replace polyimide film to align LC molecules. In this technology, the additive added in liquid crystal (LC) host can not only align the LC molecules, but also have different pretilt angle generation ratio compared with PI film. In this paper, we fabricated curved panels using CF substrate with PI and TFT substrate without PI.The additive in PI‐less liquid crystals could anchor the TFT substrate and align the LC molecules on the TFT side. After UV process, the CF substrate had smaller pretilt angle. And the black circle mura appeared in the curved panel could be solved completely. Then we also studied the alignment, optical and image sticking performance, there existed no difference between the curved panels using PI‐less technology and the curved ones with normal PI layers.
69‐3: Examination of Degradation Analysis of p‐i‐n Type OLEDs Devices
Authors: Shirakura Daichi , Okamura Shinji , Taguchi Yoshihiko , Takano Hikaru , Shibamori Takahiro , Miyamoto Takashi , Sameshima Junichiro
Published: September 2020

Degradation analysis was conducted to p‐i‐n type OLED devices. PL, LDI‐MS, and GCIB‐TOF‐SIMS revealed the degraded layer was EML and molecular formula of the degradation product. GCIB‐TOF‐SIMS clarified the change of n‐dopant with the degradation.
71‐2: Subpixel Non‐Uniformity Correction for Displays
Authors: Feng Xiaofan
Published: September 2020

For emissive display such as OLED or MicroLED displays, the non‐uniformity or Mura is caused by subpixel (r, g, b subpixels) level non‐uniformity from TFT driving or material uniformity. This non‐uniformity affects each subpixel, thus requires sub‐pixel non‐uniformity correction. The measurement accuracy of the brightness of red, green, and blue subpixels is a key factor that affects the performance of the demura system. In this paper we modeled the imaging chain of measuring the display subpixel brightness and described an image processing algorithm to derive the subpixel brightness of each subpixels. The accuracy of subpixel brightness is evaluated with the contrast transfer function of grating pattern of different frequencies. The contrast of the grating from the measured single subpixel grating is about 82% of the original contrast and two‐pixel and above lines almost 100% of the original.
73‐1: Invited Paper: Pediatric Device Use: Implications for Myopia Development
Authors: Harb Elise N. , Wildsoet Christine F.
Published: September 2020

Myopia occurs when the eye outgrows its optical power and it's prevalence is on the rise worldwide and is associated with sight‐threatening ocular disease. Identified risk factors for myopia development and/or progression include increased near work and reduced time outdoors. Increased pediatric device use and exposure to blue light will be discussed, as well as the novel application of wearable technologies for the identification of potentially myopiagenic behaviors in children.
78‐2: Using Physical Books as Interfaces to Digital Displays
Authors: Bairaktaris Georgios , Borgne Brice Le , Nordman Sirpa , Yrjänä Samuli , Turkani Vikram , Gosh Rudresh , Akhavan Vahid , Bagge Peter , Turpela Timo , Frohlich David M. , Sporea Radu A.
Published: September 2020

A new form of interaction with digital displays is described, using the pages and binding of a physical book as the interface. This leads to a form of augmented book, or a‐book, which can seamlessly trigger multimedia content on a nearby device using embedded light, pressure or touch sensors.
79‐2: Ambient Light Excitation in Quantum‐Dot‐Converted MicroLED Displays
Authors: Gou Fangwang , Tan Guanjun , Lan Yi‐Fen , Lee Seok‐Lyul , Wu Shin-Tson
Published: September 2020

Ambient light excitation in quantum dots‐converted micro‐LED displays is analyzed and the calculated results agree well with simulations. By depositing a layer of color filter and reducing the area ratio of quantum dots, the display's ambient contrast ratio can be improved to adequately readable under full daylight.
79‐4: Theoretical Prediction of Changes in Emission and Absorption Spectra of InP‐ and InGaP‐based Quantum Dots and Comparison with Experimental Measurement of InP‐based Quantum Dots
Authors: Baek Seungin , Han Younho , Jang Deokho , Kim Jungho , Ha Sangwoo , Kim Raeyoung , Lee Baek-Hee , Lee Taekjoon , Lee Jun Woo , Kim Yongjo
Published: September 2020

Theoretically calculated emission and absorption spectra of InP/ZnS and InP/ZnSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) with the solution of Schrödinger’s equation on the basis of the strain‐modified effective mass approximation (EMA) have been well matched with the experimental measurements. We also predict the emission and absorption spectra of InGaP‐based quantum dots. The intensity of the emission peak wavelength of In0.43Ga0.57P/ZnSe/ZnS has increased more than 60% compared with that of InP/ZnSe/ZnS.
80‐4: Human Visual System Uses Just a Few Transfer Functions Depending on Various Environments to Realize Normalized Visual Percept: Investigation Using Real Photographic Images
Authors: Ohtsuka Sakuichi , Nakamura Masahiro , Orita Yuichiro , Iwaida Saki , Hira Shoko
Published: September 2020

We investigate global tone mapping operators (GTMOs) that convert physical stimuli in various real HDR environments (i.e., luminance contrast ratio (CR) is up to approx. 105:1) into normalized visual percept (NVP) by actually comparing real scenes with reproduced photographic images. Subjective test results suggest that the images reproduced by our proposed method are successfully converted into SDR (i.e., CR is approx. 102:1). We also demonstrate that these NVPs recorded in SDR images can be re‐converted into LDR images (i.e., CR is approx. 10:1) while preserving natural tone.
81‐1: Invited Paper: Data Augmentation for Applying Deep Learning to Display Manufacturing Defect Detection
Authors: Xiong Wei , Lee Janghwan , Qu Shuhui , Jang Wonhyouk
Published: September 2020

Insufficient and imbalance data samples often prevent the development of accurate deep learning models for manufacturing defect detection. By applying data augmentation methods ‐ including VAE latent space oversampling and random data generation, and GAN multi‐modal complementary data generation, we overcome the dataset limitations and achieve Pass/No‐Pass accuracies of over 90%.
81‐3: Display Graylevel Gamma Tuning Algorithm and System Implementation
Authors: Xu Peng , Tang Hao , Xu Gang
Published: September 2020

A display graylevel gamma tuning method is presented, with emphasis not only on the minimization of search steps and time, but also on fast and self‐adaptive learning to meet the challenges in MP variations, either panel to panel or lot to lot.
83‐1: Invited Paper: Optimization of High Performance Deep Red OLEDs Using Tandem Structure for Automotive Lighting Application
Authors: Pang Huiqing , Gao Liang , Xie Menglan , Lu Nannan , Kwong Ray , Xia Sean
Published: September 2020

We report here high performance deep red OLED devices for automotive lighting applications, through optimizing the organic stacks in a tandem structure. We first developed a deep red phosphorescent emitter that has a PL peak wavelength at 639 nm. A 2‐unit device incorporating this emitter along with a novel charge‐generation layer, was tuned to achieve an external quantum efficiency of 48%, a current efficiency of 26 cd/A, LT95 of 11,000 hrs, and a bias voltage of 8.2 V at 2,000 cd/m2. This tandem device reaches a deep red chromaticity with a dominant wavelength of 625nm, and CIE (X, Y) = (0.70, 0.30), as well as a near‐Lambertian emission pattern.
84‐5: Late‐News‐Paper: Flexible Cover Window Film with Improved Optical Clarity
Authors: Park Min Sang , Kim Sun Kug , Park Sangyoon , Yoon Ho Chul , Kim Jinwoong
Published: September 2020

SK Innovation and SK ie technology have developed and commercialized cover window films (FCW®) composed of functional coatings on transparent polyimide (PI) film for a foldable displays. We report on the development of PI film with high visual clarity, which can provide glass‐like feel to public users. Advances were achieved by engineering drying kinetics on the process of film fabrication, and the technology is applied to the commercial product of transparent PI film.
85‐1: Invited Paper: Organic LCDs Using Polarisers as Substrates: Enabling Pixel‐level Dimming in Dual‐Cell LCDs
Authors: Harding James , Cain Paul , Reeves Will , Wheeler May , Banach Mike
Published: September 2020

A well‐known method of increasing the contrast of an LCD is to use a dual cell. FlexEnable's low temperature organic TFT process allows us to work directly with polarisers as substrates. This reduces the gap between the cells to previously unreachable levels, allowing pixel level dimming and OLED‐like contrast from a simpler stack.
P‐1: Development of High‐yield Laser Lift‐off Process for Micro LED Display
Authors: Xia Jiye , Dong Xiaobiao , Yao Zhibo , Sheng Cuicui , Li Zhisheng , Cao Xuan , Wang Chenggong , Duan Lian
Published: September 2020

This paper reports our developments for Micro LED laser lift‐off which is a very important step in Micro LED mass transfer process. By selecting the temporary bonding material, optimizing laser power intensity and other process parameters, the yield of Micro LED laser lift‐off can reach 99.87% for more than 1500 LEDs. This technical developments is of great potential for promoting high‐yield mass transfer technology to realize commercial Micro‐LED displays.
P‐11: High Performance All‐Solution Processed InZnO Thin‐Film Transistors via Photo‐Functionalization at Varying Fluence and Annealing Environment
Authors: Corsino Dianne , Bermundo Juan Paolo , Fujii Mami N. , Ishikawa Yasuaki , Ikenoue Hiroshi , Uraoka Yukiharu
Published: September 2020

This work presents an all‐solution approach to oxide TFT fabrication through the photo‐functionalization of InZnO using photo‐assisted methods. We fabricated high‐performance all‐solution devices using UV and excimer laser treatment which are competitive with vacuum‐processed TFTs. This work is a big step towards large‐area manufacture of low‐cost electronics.
P‐12: A Robust a‐IGZO TFT Integrated Scan/Emission Driver with Dynamic Inverter for AMOLED Display
Authors: Lei Tengteng , Liao Congwei , Huang Jie , Zhang Shengdong
Published: September 2020

A robust a‐IGZO TFT integrated gate driver for AMOLED is proposed. The emission driver and dynamic inverter share the pull‐up and pull‐down parts, which features enhanced charging and discharging ability. The driver provides not only multiple control signals for internal compensation, but also increased threshold voltage margin.
P‐192: Late‐News‐Poster: Study of IGZO Dual Gate with BCE Structure in a Touch In‐cell Smartphone
Authors: Su Chih-Yu , Kuo P.-S. , Xu Mingxia , Li Yuan-Hang , Tseng Chih-Yuan
Published: September 2020

We developed the 6.5 inch IGZO dual gate with the pixel configurations of z‐zag, one column, and one dot. Dual gate has the challenges of display quality, left/right border, and power consumption. IGZO can suppress the pixel‐configuration induced mura effectively and the power consumption is only 95mW in white.
P‐20: Image Distortion and Image Correction of Curved OLED Displays
Authors: Lee Wei-Kai , Chen Po-Jui , Cyue Zih-Rou , Wu Chung-Chih
Published: September 2020

Although flexible and curved OLED displays can bring many novel and interesting applications, their curved structure would also impact optical and image characteristics critical for displays. Here we perform quantitative analyses on geometric distortion and brightness reduction induced by the curved shape and then propose the effective image correction method to re‐construct a proper image for curved OLED displays.
P‐26: Development of Image Enhancement Technology for 3D‐HUD
Authors: Tadauchi Ryo , Shimada Takashi , Matsuda Kazumasa , Kusafuka Kaoru , Ogura Kenji , Murata Mitsuhiro
Published: September 2020

HUD requests higher performance to display in accordance with the penetration of AR HUD in the market. We have developed 3D‐HUD that can realize the picture expression with distance perspective. 3D image tends to come with a crosstalk issue, which we solved by establishing the image improvement technology through designing the optimal parallax barrier with optimal image processing. We also developed 3D‐HUD sample to prove the high optical performance based on our technology.
P‐51: Investigation on ICP‐CVD as a Polyvalent Low Cost Technology Dedicated to Low Temperature μ‐Si TFT Prototyping.
Authors: de Sagazan Olivier , Uvarov Andreï , Bestelink Eva , Sporea Radu A. , Jacques Emmanuel
Published: September 2020

A Corial Inductively Coupled Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition (ICP‐CVD) system has been investigated to produce un‐doped and doped μ‐Si layers, as well as insulators, leading to a general capability of performing N and P type TFTs. This enables to develop rapid prototyping of TFTs. Resistivity of layers and TFT issues from ICP‐CVD have been electrically characterized.
P‐56: Hybrid Correlated‐Color‐Temperature (CCT) and Gamma Automatic Adjustment System based on Efficient Algorithm and Machine Learning Model for AMOLED Display
Authors: Ko Chien‐Ming , Kuo Wei‐Ting , Ou Yi‐Fu , Lin Hong‐Sen
Published: September 2020

Correlated‐Color‐Temperature (CCT) and Gamma Automatic Adjustment System adjusts color of white point and brightness of OLED display module to fulfill the display quality requirements. We demonstrate a hybrid automatic adjustment system combines an efficient color calculation algorithm with Machine Learning Model to reduce the number of measurements and speed up productions.
P‐58: Properties of Diffraction Optical Elements on the Base of Discotic Liquid Crystal for Display Applications
Authors: Belyaev Victor V. , Solomatin Alexey S. , Belyaev Andrey A. , Hakobyan Nune , Margaryan Hakob , Kumar Sandeep , Smirnov Alexander G.
Published: September 2020

Diffraction optical elements (DOE) are important elements of systems for images displaying and processing. The DOE materials with both positive and negative birefringence enhance performances and functionality of such systems. We have calculated diffraction of rays passing through (OAGSM) by using our original Exedeep software. At the first time the diffraction parameters for both transmitted and reflected TE‐ and TM‐waves are calculated for materials with both positive and negative optical anisotropy. The simulation results are to be used to create DOE for visible, IR and THz range.
P‐67: Analysis of Random Depolarization Films with Birefringent Micro particles for Liquid‐Crystal and OLED Displays
Authors: Sasaki Shizuki , Udono Mariko , Koike Yasuhiro
Published: September 2020

Our proposal, the random depolarization film (RDF), prevents blackout and color change of the display image viewed through polarized sunglasses. We demonstrated that the RDF doped with micro‐sized particles realized the real‐color display without the blackout and the color change, and the clear display.
P‐82: Color Flexible Waveguide Display using Polymer Stabilized Liquid Crystal
Authors: Shin Yunho , Wang Qian , Qin Guangkui , Yang Deng-Ke
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we report an advanced color flexible waveguide display which consists of two flexible plastic substrates and a sandwiched layer of liquid crystal/polymer composite. The display is edgelit by white and color (R, G, and B) LEDs. In the absence of applied voltage, the liquid crystal is in a uniform aligned state and is transparent, and the incident light is waveguided through the display and no light comes out of the front plane of the display. When a voltage is applied, the liquid crystal is switched to a poly‐domain state and becomes scattering, and the incident is scattered out of the front plane of the display. The display does not need polarizers and is thus compatible with plastic substrates with non‐uniform birefringence. It has sub‐ms response time and thus color sequential scheme can be used to display full color images. This flexible display has a big advantage in terms of energy efficiency because it does not need color filters and polarizers, and is suitable for transparent display application.
P‐87: A Scheme to Manufacture High Color Purity Quantum Dot Display
Authors: Huang Chang-Chih , Yang Chaoqun , Zhu Juihui , Hou Chih-yuan , Li Guopeng , Liu Guanghui , Yuan Jianfeng , Li Zhifu
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we have developed a scheme to make small size QD (quantum dot) display come true. We will show the structure and principle of QD display in this paper. It is different from QD enhancement film which is used in backlight, our work focus on developing QD color filter. Compared with traditional LCD, the brightness and color purity of QD‐LCD have been greatly improved. In our development projects, the QD Color filter is realized through the lithography process and we got wide color gamut up to 99.2%BT2020 (equal to 132.86%NTSC) in Cd based QD, and 93.6%BT2020 (equal to 125.35%NTSC) in Cd‐free QD. In this paper we focused on the explaining architectural principles used during design and implementation.
P‐89: Ink Formulation and Film Photo‐Stability of Quantum Dot Color Converters for MicroLED Applications
Authors: Chen Chih-Jung , Chiang Tsung-Hsing , Lin Chiao-Yang , Chiang Ray-Kuang
Published: September 2020

Both solvent‐based and solvent‐free quantum dots (QDs) polymer nanocomposites were considered for the color converter applications on microLEDs. In the case of patterning QD converters based on inkjet printing, the viscosity and surface tension of inks are required to be less than 12 cps and less than 33 dyne/cm, respectively. The QD color conversion layers (QDCCLs) with thickness of < 10 μm, optical density (OD) of > 1.5, and the light conversion efficiency (LCE) of >60% from both types of inks are practicable on the basis of polymer formulation. The photostability of the QDCCLs were investigated under blue LED lights of power density of 1, 5, and 15 W/cm2. The corresponding ink processability and converter films reliability and optical performance are described and discussed in this paper.
P‐93: Compact Stable Quantum Dots via Amide‐Mediated Synthesis of PMO‐Based Multifunctional Ligand
Authors: Hao Junjie , Liu Haochen , Zhang Wenda , Zhou Ziming , Zhao Fenghuan , Lu Rui , Xu Bing , Wang Kai , Delville Marie-Helene
Published: September 2020

We present a new class of polymeric ligands for quantum dots (QDs) stabilization, to yield compact stable particles (~100‐200 nm diameter), and high quantum yields (> 47 %). The uniform and tunable size of these polymer‐coated QDs also allows us to demonstrate their utility in achieving bright and efficient WLEDs with superior stability.
P‐101: In‐situ Fabrication Strategy of Perovskite Quantum Dots for Novel Display Technology
Authors: Bai Zelong , Li Jing , Zhang Tao , Li Fei , Liu Ruikuo , Qiu Shize , Zhang Rongjian , Zhong Haizheng
Published: September 2020

In‐situ fabrication strategy of perovskite quantum dots is a state‐of‐art manufacturing technique for highly efficient color convertor film/layer. By using this technique, we can economically achieve high‐efficient and ultra‐thin quantum dots color convertor layer simply through roll‐to‐roll coating process or ink‐jet printing process. Here, we will thoroughly introduce the benefits of in‐situ fabrication strategy and several featured products designed with this concept.
P‐104: Photo‐aligned Quantum Rods with T‐Shaped Ligands Based on Liquid‐Crystal Polymer Matrix
Authors: Kang Chengbin , Prodanov Maksym F. , Gupta Swadesh K. , Gao Yiyang , Vashchenko Valerii V. , Srivastava Abhishek K.
Published: September 2020

In this article, we disclose Quantum rods (QRs) with T‐shape ligands for the fabrication of photoaligned, ink‐jet printed, Quantum Rod Enhancement Film (QREF) that offers wide color gamut and polarized emission, and thus, improves the performance of the modern LCDs. T‐shape ligands manipulate the alignment orientation of the anisotropic semiconductor QRs as well as further improve the compatibility between liquid crystal polymer (LCP) and QRs. These ligands induce a cooperative alignment for QRs in the LCP matrix, and therefore, greatly improve the brightness and degree of polarization of QREFs at the higher concentrations of QRs, which is perfectly suitable for the application in Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs). With these ligands, we have been able to achieve an LCD with brightness ~560 nits and the color triangle of 96.9% BT2020.
P‐107: Inkjet Printed Uniform Quantum Dots as Color Conversion for Active Matrix Micro‐LED Display
Authors: Hu Zhiping , Wu Yongwei , He Bo , Yin Yongming , Peng Wenxiang , Li Dongze , Fan Yong , Chen Shu-jhih , Zhou Hang , Zhang Xin
Published: September 2020

Quantum dots (QDs) display have attracted much attention due to their excellent optical properties and solution process. Especially, QDs can act as effective color conversion for light emitting diodes (LEDs). In this work, we fabricated 4‐inch QD‐microLED display panel by inkjet printing technology, being cooperated with active matrix inorganic microLEDs. Here blue Micro‐LED acted as backlight, patterned red and green QD layer acted as converted materials, which exhibited high quantum efficiency, high luminance, high color purity. We believe that inkjet‐printed QD display with blue microLEDs would be promising candidate for the next generation display in the near future.
P‐212: Late‐News‐Poster: Study on the Ideal Structural Change of Perovskite LEDs for Enhanced Performances by Using Different Perovskite Composition
Authors: Kim Jungwon , Suh Min Chul
Published: September 2020

In this study, we compared the effects of two types of perovskite compositions on the efficiency of perovskite LED devices. The perovskite based on methylammonium cation (MA) requires interlayer for efficient device performances and formamidinium cation (FA) showed much better efficiency when we used simpler structure without using any interlayer. To understand those different optimal structure, we proceeded exciton lifetime measurement to confirm exciton quenching processes at the HIL and EML interface.