bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SAINS DENGAN METODE DISKUSI PADA SISWA KELAS V SD NEGERI 011 BUKIT KAPUR
Authors: ' Zambri
Published: April 2019

This research was motivated by the low result of learning science class V students of SDNegeri 011 Bukit Kapur. This study aims to improve learning outcomes science class Vstudents of SD Negeri 011 Bukit Kapur by using the method of discussion. Subjects in thisstudy were students of class V SD Negeri 011 Bukit Kapur, totaling 35 students. This researchis a class act, carried out by two cycles. Parameter research is student learning outcomesconsisting of absorption, mastery learning, student learning activities and teaching activitiesof teachers. The results showed that in the first cycle the average value of daily tests is69.71% (Enough) and the second cycle of the average value of daily tests was 78% (Good).Mastery learning increased in the first cycle was 82.86% and the second cycle is 94.28%.Activities of students in the learning process increased from 73.98% (Enough) in the firstcycle to 73.09% (Enough) in the second cycle. Activities teachers in the learning process is92.5% (Very Good) in the first cycle and 96% (Very Good) in the second cycle. From theseresults it can be concluded that the discussion method can improve learning outcomes scienceclass V students of SD Negeri 011 Bukit Kapur.
PENGGUNAAN METODE LATIHAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATA PELAJARAN IPA SISWA KELAS VI SD NEGERI 001 UKUI SATU KECAMATAN UKUI
Authors: ' Suyatin
Published: April 2019

This background is the low class VI student learning outcomes SD Negeri 001 Ukui SatuKecamatan Ukui. This research is a class action, the study was conducted in two cycles. Thisstudy aims to improve science learning outcomes through the implementation of trainingmethods. The data used in this research is data teacher and student activities and studentlearning outcomes IPA. Based on the results of the study, data showed that the activities ofteachers and students and learning outcomes IPA increased in each cycle. This is evidencedby: (a) the activities of teachers in each cycle increases, in the first cycle obtained a score of19 (63%) with a category (simply perfect) and in cycle II increased with a score of 22 (73%)with katedori (perfect), Besides the student activity also increased, in the first cycle obtaineda score of 47 (60%) with a category (high) and the second cycle obtain a score of 52 (67%)with a category (high); and (b) Results to learn science is also increased, as evidenced by theincrease in the number of students learning completeness, in the first cycle the number ofstudents who reached the KKM is 10 students (77%) and the second cycle a total of 11students (85%).
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE PEMBERIAN LEMBAR TUGAS SISWA PADA MATERI EKOSISTIM SISWA KELAS VII 2 SMP NEGERI 2 DUMAI
Authors: ' Sajarotunnur
Published: April 2019

This study aims to improve student learning outcomes by applying the method VII.2 classassignment sheet giving students conducted in March and April 2016. Subjects were seventhgrade students of SMP Negeri 2 Dumai totaling 26 students. The parameters in this study isthe absorption and mastery learning as well as student activities and teacher activities assupporting data. The research instrument used is the study and data collection instruments.The device consists of a learning syllabus, lesson plan, test, observation of student activitysheets, activity sheets teacher observation. The survey results revealed absorption of studentsin the first cycle is 70% with moderate category and second cycle increased to 78% in thehigh category. Mastery learning of students in the first cycle is 88.46% and 88.50% in thesecond cycle students completed. Activities of students in the first cycle an average of80.76%% (very good) and the second cycle is an increase of 97.5% (excellent). It can beconcluded that the method of administration of the student assignment sheet can improvestudent learning outcomes in the classroom ecosystem VII 2 material SMP Negeri 2 Dumai.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TERBIMBING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS I SDN 010 BANJAR PANJANG KECAMATAN KERUMUTAN
Authors: Nurdiyati Sri
Published: April 2019

The background of this study is the low result of learning math class I SDN 010 BanjarPanjang Kecamatana Kerumutan. Of the 30 students only 12 students (40.00%), for the studydoing research by applying the learning model guided by the goal of improving learningoutcomes in mathematics. This research is a class act who performed two cycles. The dataused in this study focused on improving learning outcomes and increase student masterylearning. The study states that the application of guided learning model can improve students'mathematics learning outcomes, as evidenced by: the preliminary data the number of studentswho pass are 12 students (40.00%) increased in the first cycle by the number of students whocompleted is 20 students (66 , 67%) and increased in the second cycle by the number ofstudents who completed is 27 students (90.00%).
PENERAPAN MODEL QUANTUM TEACHING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS VIB SDN 011 BUKIT GAJAH KECAMATAN UKUI KABUPATEN PELALAWAN
Authors: ' Suyana
Published: April 2019

The background of this research is the lack of students' mathematics learning outcomes. Ofthe 24 students only 11 students who shoots. This study aims to improve students'mathematics learning outcomes through the application of quantum teaching models. Thisresearch is a class act penelitiain performed in SD Negeri 011 Bukit Gajah Kecamatan Ukui.The data used in this study is the activity data of teachers and students and student learningoutcomes. Based on the results penelitiain, learning outcomes and activity data of teachersand students expressed increased. This is evidenced by: the average student learningoutcomes preliminary data obtained are 63.90 and 66.86 in the first cycle increased by amargin of 2.96 points (4.63%). While the average student learning outcomes in the secondcycle is 77.05 increased by a margin of 10.19 points (15.24%). Completeness classicallearning outcomes at the beginning of the data obtained only 13 votes or 35.71% weremancapai KKM, in the first cycle increased to 11 people or 64.29% were reached KKM thenincreased again in the second cycle becomes 20 or 85, 71% or reached KKM. Improvedlearning outcomes at the top supported by: (a) The percentage of teachers in implementingthe learning activity in the first cycle of the first meeting 70.83% in both categories, and thesecond meeting is 79.17% in both categories have increased with the percentage of 11.76%.In the second cycle of the first meeting of 83.33% in the category of very good and the secondmeeting is 87.50% in the category very well. (B) Percentage of learning activities of studentsin the first cycle of the first meeting 58.33% in the category enough and a second meeting is66.67% in both categories increased by 14.29% persentse. In the second cycle the first andsecond meetings, namely 83.33% in both categories at all.
PENGGUNAAN ALAT PERAGA DENGAN PEMBELAJARAN LANGSUNG DALAM MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI MENGAJAR GURU DI SMPN 2 KUBU KABUPATEN ROKAN HILIR
Authors: ' Baharuddin
Published: April 2019

This study aims to determine whether the use of props in direct learning can increase themotivation of teachers to teach in SMPN 2 Kubu Kabupaten Rokan Hilir. Formulation of theproblem in this study is: Does the use of props to increase the motivation of teachers in teachingin SMPN 2 Kubu Kabupaten Rokan Hilir? This study was limited to Improve teacher motivationin teaching by using props in SMPN 2 Kubu Kabupaten Rokan Hilir. This research wasconducted in SMPN 2 Kubu Kabupaten Rokan Hilir. The teacher is the subject of the studyconsisted of 18 teachers. Characteristics of the teacher motivated heterogeneous, but can not besaid to be using props intensive time of learning. Based on the analysis and discussion can beconcluded that the principal aspects of activities as a facilitator to get the achievement with ascore of 25 or with a percentage of 63 of all aspects of assessment or 63% of all activities isreached. Then in the second cycle of scores obtained by 38 or by the percentage of achievementof 95% of all aspects achieved. Aspects of the teacher as participators in this study in which thefirst cycle scores obtained from the implementation of the directives by the principal to get ascore of 73 or with the percentage of achievement of 51%. Then at the second cycle level ofparticipation was 74% higher than the first cycle and with a score of 106. The implementation ofthe motivational aspect of teaching the teachers during the implementation of the directives ofthe first cycle to the second cycle, the motivation of teachers in using props tend to rise. Whereinif the first cycle obtain the percentage of achievement of 64% in both categories, then the secondcycle obtain a percentage of 88% or with a very good category.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MENYIMAK CERITA MELALUI PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TIM PENDENGAR PADA MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA SISWA KELAS V SD NEGERI 007 PAGARAN TAPAH DARUSSALAM KABUPATEN ROKAN HULU
Authors: Gusliarni Gusliarni
Published: April 2019

This research is motivated by the lack of listening skills obtained by the students, it is seen from the results of an assessment of the listening skills of students still achieved an average grade 56.32 or reach under the KKM predetermined value is 70. This study aims to determine whether the Team Learning model Listener can improve listening skills of students in the subject of Indonesian student Class V SD Negeri 007 Pagaran Tapah Darussalam Rokan Hulu. The subjects were 38 students in the academic year 2014-2015. Form of research is classroom action research. The data collection technique used is the technique of test and non test. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the ability to listen to the story class V students of SD Negeri 007 Pagaran Tapah Darussalam Rokan Hulu can be improved by applying the learning model listener team. On average ability to listen to stories of students in the early test is average with the average value of 56.32 by the medium category, and in the first cycle rose to 69.47 in the medium category, while in the second cycle listening skills of students categorized as high with the percentage of the average value of 76, 58 with a high category. Therefore, the success rate has exceeded 70 of the total number of students, which means that most students have achieved success predetermined value (minimum 75%).
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA PEMAHAMAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN INSTAN ASSESSMENT SISWA KELAS III SDN 005 PAGARAN TAPAH DARUSSALAM KABUPATEN ROKAN HULU
Authors: Gusliwaty Gusliwaty
Published: April 2019

This research is motivated by the lack of learning outcomes students' reading comprehension, particularly on the subjects of Indonesian. For that research by applying instant learning strategy assessment, the purpose of this research is to improve the ability of third-grade students' reading comprehension SDN 005 Pagaran Tapah Darussalam Rokan Hulu. This research is a class act, committed in Tapah Pagaran SDN 005 Darussalam. The subjects were students of class III with a number of students as many as 33 people. This study was conducted in two cycles, each cycle stages in this study were: 1) planning, 2) action, 3) observation, and reflection. The results of the study before action learning outcomes of students' reading comprehension only reached 66.62% in the medium category. In the first cycle of learning outcomes students 'reading comprehension has reached 70.14%, although it has not reached mastery individuals or groups, but the learning outcomes of students' reading comprehension in the first cycle increased from 66.62% to 70.14%. After the improvements on the activities of teachers and students in the second cycle, students' reading comprehension learning outcomes achieved quite satisfactory to reach an average of 77.70%. This situation shows that the improvement of learning on the subjects of Indonesian to use the Instant learning strategy assessment was successful.
PENERAPAN METODE JARIMATIKA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS I SDN 003 PAGARAN TAPAH DARUSSALAM KABUPATEN ROKAN HULU
Authors: Sitio Tiarmina
Published: April 2019

The background of this research is the poor performance of student mathematics learning class I SDN 003 Tagaran Tapah Darussalam. The low yield of this study was due to: (a) from 24 students only 8 people are visible in following the spirit of the learning process; (b) the interest of students in the teacher's task is still lacking, it is seen when given the job of more than 50% of students do not do a good job; (c) visible from 24 students only 40% who responded to the question posed by the teacher; and (d) if no problems are considered difficult, low-ability students who are just waiting for the result of his highly capable, without any attempt to resolve the matter. For that research by applying the method Jarimatika with the aim of improving the results of students' mathematics learning. This research is a classroom action research was conducted in two cycles in cycle I and cycle II, each cycle is done in two sessions, the steps of this study consists of four stages: (1) planning; (2) the implementation of the action; (3) observation; and (4) reflection. Based on observations prior to the application of the method jarimatika student learning outcomes at baseline before treatment, learning outcomes of students obtained an average percentage of 66.88% with a fairly high category. Then based on the observation of the first cycle which indicates that the level of student learning outcomes reached with an average percentage of 69.79% with a high category. While on the second cycle increased achieving student learning outcomes obtained an average percentage of 78.54% with a high category.
MODEL PENGEMBANGAN KREATIVITAS ANAK MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN SENI BUDAYA BERBASIS MUSIK RIAU BAGI SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR KELAS ATAS
Authors: Zufriady Zufriady
Published: April 2019

Competency of primary school teachers in teaching low SBK can not increase the creativity of students. When viewed from the musical wealth of Riau which are many and varied, lessons should SBK can be done well. It is not so considered by the art educators and is the background for the model-based development of student creativity Riau music performed by R & D through the stages of survey, design models, testing, and validation. The use of this model can enhance students' creativity as the ability to develop rhythm, choose the color of the instrument, tool making, composing music, and composing music grooves. This model also helps the teacher in the learning process and simultaneously lift Riau music. SBK learning can enhance students' creativity and preserve the values of social, educational, religious, and human values contained in Riau music, if teachers can perform well. Instead of learning SBK who have not yet developed the art of Riau tradition as a foundation for creative, cultural roots will gradually disappear.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM PADA MATERI MEMBIASAKAN PERILAKU TERPUJI MELALUI STRATEGI PREDICTION GUIDE SISWA KELAS III SDN 003 PAGARAN TAPAH DARUSSALAM KABUPATEN ROKAN HULU
Authors: Hasniati Hasniati
Published: April 2019

This research is motivated by the poor performance of student learning, especially on the subjects of PAI. For that research by applying the prediction strategy guide. This study aims to improve learning outcomes PAI. This study is a class action, which was held in SDN 003 Pagaran Tapah Darussalam, the subject of this research is class III with a number of 18 students. This research was conducted in July to finish. This study was conducted in two cycles, each cycle consists of four stages: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The study states that PAI learning outcomes of students has increased in each cycle At the beginning of the data on average student learning outcomes was 56.7% in the medium category. In the first cycle of student learning outcomes has reached 63.9%, in the second cycle, student learning outcomes achieved quite satisfactory to reach 73.3%. This situation shows that the improvement of learning on the subjects of PAI through your prediction strategy was successful, with the thoroughness of individuals and groups of up to 70%.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PAKEM DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PADA MATERI SEPAK BOLA SISWA KELAS IVB SD NEGERI 013 MEKARSARI
Authors: Aslinda Aslinda
Published: April 2019

This study aims to describe learning outcomes through the application of PAKEM learning model. The subjects of the study were the students of grade IVb SD Negeri 013 Mekarsari. Improvement of learning outcomes in terms of four categories, namely the ability to absorb, the effectiveness of learning, mastery of student learning both mastery of individual and classical completeness and mastery of learning outcomes. Instruments used for data collection are oral tests and written tests in the form of LKS conducted after the learning process. The results showed that the percentage of student completeness increased from 19.40% to 55.40% categorized well, the effectiveness of learning is categorized very effective with an average of 88.46%. While the completeness of student learning outcomes expressed. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the application of PAKEM learning model can improve learning outcomes on the material of the students of class IV B grade SD Negeri 013 Mekarsari.
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPS DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE DISKUSI DI KELAS IV SDN 004 TEMBILAHAN KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI HILIR
Authors: Desfita Desfita
Published: April 2019

This research is motivated by low learning result of IPS student, for that done research by applying method of discussion with aim to improve result of study of IPS student of SDN 004 Tembilahan Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir. This research is a classroom action research conducted two cycles. Research stage consists of four stages, namely: planning, implementation, observation and reflection. The result of research stated that: activity of teacher in cycle I 65,62% with enough category, and at meeting II 78,13% with good category. In the second cycle of meeting I was 84.36% with very good category, and at meeting II 90.62% with very good category. Student activity in the first cycle of meeting I 62.50% with enough category, and at the second meeting 75.00% with good category and on the second cycle of meeting I 84.36% with good category, and at meeting II get score 27 (84, 36%) with very good category. Student learning outcomes in the first cycle average student learning outcomes is 63.91 with a total number of students who totaled 17 students (53.13%). In the second cycle average student learning outcomes is 74.69 with a total number of students who totaled 26 students (81.25%). Based on the results of this study can be concluded that the implementation of discussion methods can improve student learning outcomes IPS.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN LANGSUNG UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA SISWA KELAS VI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Ruslan Ruslan
Published: April 2019

The background of this study is the low learning outcomes of science, for that done research by applying directlearning model. This research is a class action research, with the subject of this research is the students of gradeVI SDN 005 Lubuk Gaung with the number of students 30 people. Based on the research results obtained data thatstudents' learning outcomes have increased, learning outcomes obtained from the UH before the action with anaverage value of 63.62 increased in UH I cycle I with an average value to 78.62. At UH II increased by an averagevalue of 84.08. The individual completeness of the basic score that was originally 13 people increased in the firstcycle as many as 20 people and on the second cycle increased again to 26 people. Implementation of directlearning model can improve the performance of teachers, so as to improve the learning outcomes of sciencestudents of grade VI SDN 005 Lubuk Gaung
PENERAPAN METODE TANYA JAWAB UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR BAHASA INDONESIA SISWA KELAS VI SD NEGERI 012 PANGKALAN BARU KECAMATAN SIAK HULU
Authors: Ependi Samsul
Published: April 2019

The fundamental problem that is always faced in learning Indonesian in SD Negeri 012 Pangkalan Baru is the low activity andlearning achievement of students whose development is less encouraging. Therefore this research was conducted aimed atovercoming these problems by applying the question and answer method. This research is a classroom action researchconducted in class VI of SD Negeri 012 Pangkalan Baru. The results showed that the activity and learning outcomes increased,in cycle 1 meeting 1 student activity score was 15.38%, at meeting 2 was 22.11%, at meeting 3 it reached a score of 28.85%. Incycle 2 meeting 2 student activity scores were 36.59%, at meeting 2 was 41.34%, and at meeting 3 was 77.88%. Based on theseresults it can be concluded that the question and answer method can improve the learning achievement of Indonesian.
PENERAPAN MODEL PROBEX DAPAT MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA SISWA KELAS IV SD NEGERI 011 DESA BARU KECAMATAN SIAK HULU KABUPATEN KAMPAR
Authors: Lismarni Lismarni
Published: April 2019

This research is motivated by the low level of learning outcomes of science in fourth-grade students of SD Negeri 011 Desa Baru.For this reason, improvements to the learning process were carried out by applying the PROBEX learning model. This research isa classroom action research conducted in class IV SD Negeri 011 Baru Village with a total of 28 students. The data used in thisstudy are students' learning outcomes. Based on the results of the study obtained data that learning outcomes have increased afterapplying the PROBEX model. This can be seen from the average completeness of student learning outcomes in completeness precycle only 36% after the first cycle reached 64.28% and after the implementation of the second cycle reached 78.5%. Based on thisacquisition, it can be concluded that the PROBEX model can improve the science learning outcomes of fourth-grade students ofSD Negeri 011 Desa Baru.
Formation of the Internal Personnel Reserve in the Organization. Stages and Positive Parties
Authors: Savelieva A.
Published: April 2019

In modern conditions of development, there is a whole range of activities aimed at modernizing social networks, including the development and modernization of internal organizations, with the aim of improving the quality of the tasks. The article describes the personnel reserve of the organization in modern conditions. Special attention is paid to the principles and principles of forming a reserve framework within organizations. The approach of A. Ya. Kibanov to the formation of internal personnel in a modern organization is considered. Analyzed current trends in the redistribution of responsibilities between employees, in the states and in the states. Indicators of the strategic level and structural development.
The Moral Law: Derrida reading Kant
Authors: de Ville Jacques
Published: April 2019

This essay shows how Derrida, in a variety of texts, engages directly or indirectly with the Kantian moral law, which rests on the assumption of man's autonomy vis-à-vis his natural inclinations. In the background of this analysis is Derrida's engagement with Freud, the latter having argued that the Kantian moral law is located in, and can be equated with, the superego. Derrida challenges Freud's assignation of the moral law (solely) to the superego, and suggests that what appears to Kant as the moral law and to Freud as the demands of the superego, already involve a limitation of a much more radical demand on the self: that of absolute sacrifice, and which one can understand with reference to Freud's death drive. This demand can be referred to as the law of law, that is, the law which makes of the moral law a law. Within this broader framework, the essay explores in detail Derrida's reading of Kant's notion of respect that is owed to the moral law, the notion of duty, and the formulation of the categorical imperative by Kant in terms of an ‘as if’.
Following the animal-to-come
Authors: Briggs Robert
Published: April 2019

Jacques Derrida's The Animal That Therefore I Am (2008) presents a sustained reflection on a concept of ‘the animal’ that has underpinned the work of much of the philosophical tradition. Based on a series of lectures originally presented in 1997 Derrida's speculation on the question of the animal was thus written at a time when Derrida's thought was often turned to the motif of ‘to-come’ (see Derrida 1992; 1994) such that one may wonder at the apparent evasion, both in Derrida's text and in its subsequent review, of the chance to think the two themes together, in the guise of ‘the animal-to-come’. Picking up on Derrida's asides on the verb ‘to follow’, this discussion considers what it might mean to follow, ‘methodically’ perhaps, the thought of ‘the animal-to-come’? What problems might it help to bring into focus and what forces and lineages may yet bear upon its very thought? And where in our thinking goes the animal if it is to remain always to come?
A Different Description of a Family of Middle-α Cantor Sets
Authors: Soltanifar Mohsen
Published: April 2019

In this note we give an explicit description of a family of middle-α Cantor sets, with α = (q – 2)/q and q = 3, 4, 5…
Looking for the Elusive: Mining the VLA Archives for Radio Transients
Authors: Saul Destry , Bower Geoffrey
Published: April 2019

Detecting extragalactic radio transients will provide valuable information on several astronomical phenomena. Orphan gamma-ray burst afterglows (OGRBAs) and radio supernovae detection will be important for the theories of stellar collapse while the detection of tidal flares and variable active galactic nuclei (AGN) will provide details on massive black holes and galactic centers. In this paper we present the results of a survey we conducted using archived observations from the Very Large Array (VLA). We did not detect any transients in this set of data and from this we computed an upper limit on the rate of radio transients above 400 μJansky at 0.23 transients per square degree per year. This rules out one of several theories on the rates of OGRBAs.
A Characterization of Refinable Rational Functions
Authors: Gustafson Paul , Savir Nathan , Spears Ely
Published: April 2019

In recent decades, refinable functions have become increasingly popular due to their desirable properties in many applications. Rational functions, however, are not as well-behaved as some other classes of functions and have seemingly escaped notice in terms of refinability. The authors spent the summer of 2006 investigating the refinability of rational functions while attending a National Science Foundation funded Research Experience for Undergraduates program at Texas A & M University. Preliminary simplifications to the general case are presented in a chronological collection of lemmas. A complete characterization of refinable rational functions follows with an interesting connection to an open problem in number theory.
Phosphorus Sorption by Sediments from Wetlands in the Cedar River Watershed
Authors: Schwemm Ann , Pasker Renee , Clayton Maureen , Brown Ed
Published: April 2019

Excess phosphorus can lead to eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems, which can indirectly cause many species to suffer due to lower oxygen levels. The intent of this project was to determine if wetlands draining agricultural soil in the Cedar River watershed are removing phosphorus prior to empting into a tributary of the Cedar River. To determine the fate and transport of phosphorus in the wetlands, the total phosphorus (TP) of both the water and sediments was measured, and the ability for sediments to remove phosphate was also determined. The TP in the water column in the wetlands varied temporally from 700 to 1700 μg/L. Dissolved inorganic phosphate (SRP) totals were usually less than 10% of the total P, with a modest spike observed after a rainfall event. The low levels of SRP in the water led to testing of the TP levels in sediments and TP sorption capabilities. The TP of the sediment varied spatially from 500-700 μg/gdw. Sediments from the tributary (Beaver Creek) had total phosphorus levels of about 500 μg/gdw and the inlet to the wetlands varied from 300-400 μg/gdw. Depending on sampling locations, maximum sorption for sediments from the main body of the wetland ranged from 2-9 mg/gdw. Sediments from both the tributary (Beaver Creek) and the inlet to the wetlands sorbed about 7 mg/gdw. The results suggest that sediments in the wetlands are not yet saturated with phosphorus and therefore, when aerobic, can prevent phosphorus transport to rivers and streams.
Impaired Spatial Learning and Reduced MK-801 Associated Behavioral Deficits in Rodents Following Early Postnatal Exposure to Low-level Lead
Authors: Guo Jing
Published: April 2019

The current research aimed to investigate the effects of early postnatal exposure to low-level lead on the spatial learning of Long-Evans Hooded rats tested in the Morris water maze. To explore possible neurotoxic actions of lead on the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, the non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist (+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydroxy-5h- dibenzo(a,d)cyclohepten-5,10-imine (MK-801) was used. Two-day-old pups were randomly assigned to 0.1% lead carbonate diet or control diet and weaned onto regular food on postnatal day (PND) 23. Spatial acquisition was assessed from PND 24 to PND 27. Thirty minutes prior to behavioral testing, rats received an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 0.1% MK-801 or saline. In the saline treatment group, Pb-exposed rats exhibited significantly longer overall mean escape latencies than those on the control diet, replicating the impaired spatial learning of Pb-exposed animals tested at a young age. Although MK-801 injection severely impaired animals’ water maze performance regardless of diet, it affected the performance of Pb-exposed animals to a lesser extent than animals on the control diet. No main effects of diet and drug were found for probe trials on PND 28 and PND 36, but interestingly, lead diet/MK-801 animals performed significantly better than control diet/MK-801 animals during the first probe trial. Unfortunately, MK-801 not only caused animals to display higher activity levels in the activity box, but also significantly impaired animals’ performance in the cued trial, suggesting non-specific sensorimotor deficits induced by MK-801 treatment might be responsible for animals’ poor performance. However, a significant drug by diet interaction in the escape latencies and the significantly better probe trial performance of Pb-exposed animals within the MK-801 treatment group imply that lead exposure actually alleviated behavioral deficits induced by MK-801 injection, providing evidence for a possible interaction between lead and MK-801 at the molecular level.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Hexane Deposited onto Graphite: An Explicit–Hydrogen Model at ρ = 1
Authors: Connolly M , Roth M , Wexler Carlos , Gray Paul
Published: April 2019

We present the results of parallel Molecular Dynamics computer simulations of hexane (C6H14) adlayers physisorbed onto a graphite substrate in the density range 0.5 ≤ ρ ≤1 in units of monolayers, with emphasis on monolayer completion (ρ = 1). The hexane molecules are modeled to explicitly include hydrogens and the graphite is modeled as a six – layer all atom structure. In the explicit hydrogen simulations, the herringbone solid loses its orientational order at T1 = 140 °K, fairly consistent with results of UA simulations. However there is almost no nematic meso-phase or negative energy change at the loss of herringbone order. The explicit hydrogen melting temperature is T2 = 160 °K—somewhat lower than seen in experiment and in UA simulations. Generally, results for the all–atom model agree well with experiment, as the molecules remain overall flat on the substrate in the solid phase. At densities below about ρ = 0.875 the system supports a connected network which stabilizes it against thermal fluctuations and yields much more reasonable sub-monolayer- melting behavior. The united atom picture, on the other hand, departs significantly from experiment at most sub-monolayer- densities and gives melting temperatures several decades below what is experimentally observed. The purpose of this work is to compare the results of UA and explicit hydrogen MD simulations of hexane on graphite mainly at ρ = 1, to discuss cursory explorations at sub-monolayer- densities and mention open questions related to the system that are worth pursuing. Various structural and thermodynamic order parameters and distributions are presented in order to outline such differences.
Acoustic Imaging of Sound Sources with a Student-Designed Acoustic Camera
Authors: Sigl Joachim , Scheucher René
Published: April 2019

An acoustic camera consists of a microphone array, a data recorder and sound analysis- and -visualization software. It creates a color-coded sound map that displays the sound sources overlaid on the visual image of the recorded object. The sound maps are usually produced by analyzing the phase differences of the signals measured by the array microphones. Delay-and-sum beamformer and multiple signal classification (MUSIC) techniques are used in this work for the localization of sound sources. Beamformers are able to determine the amplitude of incident sound, but suffer from poor resolution and from ghost images. MUSIC, on the other hand, is an established technique for efficient and accurate noise source location, which can provide high-resolution source maps, but does not provide any information about the sound level. The combination of both methods gives comprehensive information about the acoustic emission of the system under investigation.
Using Meiobenthic Species as a Measure of the Impact of Acid Mine Outflows on the Tioga River in North Central Pennsylvania
Authors: Ganong Carissa , Carson Gregory , Kirby John
Published: April 2019

In this study meiobenthic communities were sampled from several acid mine drainage (AMD) impacted sites along the Tioga River in North Central Pennsylvania. Concentrations of several chemical indicators of aquatic health (Fe+2/Fe+3, Mn+2, and SO4-2) were measured along with the pH. Meiobenthic communities were present at all AMD impacted locations but diversity and abundance varied. The diversity and abundance at the AMD impacted sites was inversely related to the concentration of several key acid mine drainage indicators. Macroinvertebrate species were collected only at the unimpacted head waters of the Tioga River. All other sampled locations were devoid of macroinvertebrate species.
Extraction, Identification, and Quantification of Harmala Alkaloids in Three Species of Passiflora
Authors: Frye Abigail , Haustein Catherine
Published: April 2019

Harmala alkaloids are a common plant extract with a number of reported uses including as stimulants and monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors. Their reported activity has led some researchers to identify them as the principal active constituent in passion flowers, an abundant plant which has been identified to have a number of pharmaceutical uses of its own. Harmalas are commonly extracted using chloroform; however, in this case, a green extraction process using ethyl acetate and sodium bicarbonate was applied. Analysis of the harmala alkaloids in Passiflora caerulea, Passiflora incarnata and Passiflora “Coral Glow” was performed quantitatively using the HPLC. Comparison of HPLC results from plant extracts to results from standard solutions concluded that harmol and harmine were present in minor amounts in Passiflora incarnata, harmine was present in large amounts in Passiflora caerulea, and no significant amounts of harmala alkaloids were found in Passiflora “Coral Glow”. The extraction process and HPLC analysis also revealed the presence of the flavonoid derivative Vitexin in Passiflora incarnata. Vitexin was present in relatively large amounts, and as a flavonoid derivative, the compound may have powerful antioxidant activity.
Design and Evaluation of a Syringe Pump for Determining the Critical Micelle Concentration of Surfactants by Making Use of the Drop Volume Method
Authors: Friest Jacob , Dowse Benjamin , Delaet Dru
Published: April 2019

Surfactants are of widespread importance in biochemistry, the detergent industry, analytical chemistry, and many other areas that are both academically and industrially important. Here we report the design and evaluation of an inexpensive and novel syringe pump. The system is suitable for the academic and small laboratory setting. It has been tested here by measuring the Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC) of surfactants with a relatively high degree of accuracy. The system may also be adapted for use in chromatography, controlled reagent dispensing for synthesis or other biochemical and biomedical applications.
Stairway to Self-Organized Criticality: SOC on a Slope using Relative Critical Heights
Authors: Davis Clinton
Published: April 2019

A computational model of loose snow avalanches was studied as an example of Self-Organized Criticality (SOC). The distribution of the magnitudes of avalanches was measured for a stair-stepped system with various critical relative differences and system slopes. Depending on the configuration, the model showed either power law behaviors or a Gaussian distribution. For configurations that displayed power laws, the slope of the power law was dependent on the configuration of the system.
Acetylation-Dependent Binding Analysis of the Yeast Gcn5 Bromodomain Protein
Authors: Garzón Jesús , Kupitz Christopher , Bailey Joshua , Thompson Martin
Published: April 2019

The 439 amino acid yeast Gcn5 protein contains a C-terminal bromodomain, which is required for SAGA (Spt-Ada-Gcn5-Acetyltransferase) mediated nucleosomal acetylation and transcriptional coactivation. Bromodomains are acetyl-lysine binding modules found in many chromatin binding proteins and histone acetyltransferases. Recently, both in vivo and in vitro studies indicate that bromodomains are able to discriminate the acetylation state of lysine side-chains within histone proteins. Here, the cloning, expression and bioactivity of a recombinant bromodomain from the yeast Gcn5 protein is described. The bromodomain from Gcn5 was cloned from yeast genomic DNA enabling effective one-step purification by affinity chromatography. Steady-state fluorescence anisotropy was used to quantify the interaction of Gcn5 with acetylated histone H3. The present cloning, expression, and purification procedure enabled the preparation of large quantity and high yields of biologically active recombinant Gcn5 bromodomain for in vitro structure and function studies.
Band Gap Energy in Silicon
Authors: Low Jeremy , Kreider Michael , Pulsifer Drew , Jones Andrew , Gilani Tariq
Published: April 2019

The band gap energy Eg in silicon was found by exploiting the linear relationship between the temperature and voltage for the constant current in the temperature range of 275 K to 333 K. Within the precision of our experiment, the results obtained are in good agreement with the known value energy gap in silicon. The temperature dependence of Eg for silicon has also been studied.
Advice for Student Authors How to Organize Your Research Article
Authors: Staff Editorial
Published: April 2019

General information about article organization is presented. Questions about equation placement, chart or graph usage, figure placement, and bibliographic style are answered. Information about how a paper is reviewed is discussed, and steps for submitting a research paper are outlined.
The Effects Hypergravity on the Morphology of Xenopus Embryos
Authors: Remus Rochelle , Wiens Darrell
Published: April 2019

Early amphibian development is sensitive to both reduced and elevated gravitational force. But later, following gastrulation and neurulation, a critical population of cells must migrate from the dorsal neural tube outward to destinations throughout the body where they differentiate into a wide variety of critical tissues including head cartilage. These cells, the neural crest cells, respond to extracellular cues and signals that guide migration and differentiation in an intricate process that may also be sensitive to altered gravity. We examined the effects of hypergravity on the migration of neural crest cells to form head skeleton cartilage, and on body size in Xenopus embryos. To investigate this we centrifuged embryos at 7G or 10G, from yolk plug stage (gastrulation) through five days of development to stage 45 when feeding begins. A control group was placed on the centrifuge. After centrifugation, the embryos were fixed, cleared and stained with Alcian Blue to reveal cartilage. We then captured images for analysis to obtain body and head cartilage measurements. We found that hypergravity retarded the growth of Xenopus embryos, possibly via increased load on the cardiovascular system. Surprisingly, it also resulted in significantly larger and more asymmetrical head cartilages, when corrected for body size, but it did not result in a significantly higher frequency of malformations. Our results support the likelihood that hypergravity inhibits body growth and perturbs the formation of neural crest derived head cartilage.
A Distributional Approach to Conditionally Convergent Series
Authors: Ciccarelli Gregory , Moylan Patrick
Published: April 2019

Whether the car’s gas tank is filled up on Monday and the paycheck is deposited on Tuesday, or vice versa, the contribution of those two transactions to the checkbook’s final balance is the same. By the commutative property, order does not matter for the algebraic addition of a finite number of terms. However, for a super banker who conducts an infinite number of transactions, order may matter. If a series (sum of all transactions/terms) is convergent and the order of term does not matter, then the series is absolutely convergent. If a series is convergent but the order of terms does matter, then it is conditionally convergent. Georg Bernhard Riemann proved the disturbing result that the final sum of a conditionally convergent series could be any number at all or divergent. In two, three and higher dimensions, the matter is even worse, and such series with double and triple sums are not even well-defined without first giving sum interpretation to the (standard) order in which the series is to be summed, e.g., in three dimensions, summing over expanding spheres or expanding cubes, whose points represent ordered triples occurring in the summation. In this note we show using elementary notions from distribution theory that an interpretation exists for conditionally convergent series so they have a precise, invariant meaning.
Evaluating α-Synuclein’s Interaction with Cellular Phospholipids and Potential Toxicity in Yeast Models for Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Kukreja Lokesh , DebBurman Shubhik
Published: April 2019

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by the death of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. The misfolding and aggregation of α-synuclein plays a ruinous role in this disease, but how the protein becomes toxic is unclear. Using yeasts as model organisms for studying α-synuclein properties, our study explores the hypothesis that α-synuclein toxicity depends on plasma membrane phospholipid binding. First, using a chemical approach, we induced phospholipid synthesis in both fission and budding yeast with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a known inducer [1]. Instead of regulating α-synuclein-dependent toxicity, DMSO unexpectedly exerted its own toxicity in both yeasts, in addition to inducing a lethal morphology defect in budding yeast. Moreover, instead of inducing plasma membrane localization of α-synuclein in either yeast, DMSO altered α-synuclein localization in both yeasts into as-yet unidentified cytoplasmic structures. We speculate that some of these structures may be internal, membrane bound organelles. To test for membrane phospholipid binding specifically, α-synuclein localization was analyzed in a phosphatidylserine-deficient budding yeast strain. We observed no loss of plasma membrane localization, suggesting that other phospholipids may regulate such specificity to α-synuclein. Together, these related studies illustrate the usefulness of yeasts in evaluating genetic and environmental factors that regulate α-synuclein toxicity linked to Parkinson’s disease.
Impact of Crop Rotation on Cercospora Leaf Spot of Peanut
Authors: Ijaz Muhammad , Ali Sayad Rashad , Afzal Amir
Published: April 2019

Among various diseases in peanut Cercospora Leaf spot (CLS) is the most detrimental leads to reduced yield in peanut crop. CLS build up in the soil when the same crop is cultivated in the same plot year after year. Rotation with non-host crop is a cultural practice that decreases inoculum load which ultimately control disease in next year crop. A field experiment was conducted to study impact of duration of crop rotation to control CLS. Sowing peanut crop in fallow land aiming at to mitigate disease impact on yield and yield parameters. Sowing of peanut crop in fallow land or in land with one- or two-years rotation of non-host crop of Cercospora leaf spot delayed disease initiation from 58 to108 days and gave better yields than plots with left over seed of previous year. Lesser infection % increase rates in field with one-year rotation (13.91) and two years (11.72%) were observed. Among the yield parameters 100 pods (unshelled) weight remained significantly higher in plots in fallow land during both years. Hundred pods weight in one- and two-year rotations were at par with each other.
Characterization of favorable weather conditions with powdery mildew disease incidence on pumpkin
Authors: Zeshan Muhammad Ahmad , Yousaf Maryam , Anjum Romana , Ali Safdar , Ghani Muhammad Usman
Published: April 2019

Weather variables were characterized for the powdery mildew disease caused by Sphaerotheca fuliginea on pumpkin crop. The relationship between airborne conidia and incidence of powdery mildew on pumpkin was studied. Disease incidence data was recorded on weekly basis and correlated with prevailing environmental conditions.  All the environmental factors showed positive relationship with disease incidence except wind speed that exhibited negative correlation. Understanding of favorable environment is helpful to use appropriate management approaches.
Evaluation of toxicological responses of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) against some insecticides by using probit analysis in laboratory
Authors: Saba Shafia , Khan Madiha Mobeen , Akhtar Imran , Shah Syed Waqar Hussain , Maan Naeem Arshad , Anum Wajiha , Manzoor Nadia , Rehman Mashal , Kanwal Natasha
Published: April 2019

The present study was designed to determine the LC50 of some insecticides commonly used against Helicoverpa armigera and their comparative efficacy against the insect pest. The second instar larvae of H. armigera reared in the laboratory were selected for leaf dip bioassay. Two types of insecticides viz. conventional (deltamethrin and bifenthrin) and new chemistry (spinosad and indoxacarb) were assessed in the present studies. The results revealed that bifenthrin was more toxic to the second instar larvae of H. armigera at all the doses with lower LC50 value of 120.007 ppm as compared to deltamethrin with the highest LC50 value of 292.404 ppm. Among the new chemistry insecticides, indoxacarb proved to be more toxic than spinosad with LC50 of 5.592 ppm. LC50 of spinosad was 8.201 ppm showing 1.46 times less toxicity than indoxacarb.