bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Legal Standing of Land Rights Certificate on Eigendom Verponding Land
Authors: Hafidz Indra Pratama  , Gunawan Djajaputra
Published: January 2025

Many disputable incidents related to the ownership of land previously controlled by Western parties continue to occur, where the owner or heir asserts a claim to ownership of the land, even after the enactment of Law Number 5 Year 1960 on Basic Agrarian Principles, as well as the unchanged status of the land over a 20-year period. This research aims to investigate the legal position of land title certificates related to the concept of eigendom verponding land, as well as the legal protection available to holders of certificates declared invalid by Supreme Court Decision Number 109 PK/Pdt/2022. The methodological approach applied is the normative juridical research method. The research findings show that land previously owned by Western parties becomes direct ownership by the state, so that holders of former eigendom verponding land certificates must still be recognized. This conclusion is based on a theoretical analysis of legal norms derived from various hierarchies of laws and regulations that are interrelated and related to each other. Land that was once part of the eigendom verponding system and has now transitioned into direct state ownership, with the issuance of land title certificates, marks a manifestation of the legal protection afforded to individuals who initially held certificates that were later revoked, in accordance with the principle of legal protection. In this context, objections to the issuance of land rights certificates can no longer be raised in court, because essentially, objections to land rights certificates can only be made within five years of the certificate being issued, as stipulated in Article 32 paragraph (2) of Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997.
Notary's Responsibility to the Bank Regarding the Cooperation Agreement for Completion of Mortgage
Authors: Lisa Putri Utami  , Ariawan Gunadi
Published: January 2025

Unfulfilled obligations by the Notary in completing the preparation of the Deed of Credit Agreement, Power of Attorney to Enforce Mortgage Rights (SKMHT), Deed of Granting Mortgage Rights (APHT), and Deed of Acknowledgment of Debt in a cooperation agreement with the Bank will cause losses from the Bank. Completion of Deed Making that is not in accordance with the time limit set in the cooperation agreement must be accountable by the Notary to the Bank. The purpose of this research is to find the responsibility of the Notary towards the delay in making the deed and find the legal implications of the delay in making the deed stated in the cooperation agreement. Normative juridical is the type of research used in this research. The result of the research is that the Notary's delay in making the deed in the cooperation agreement with the Bank can be accounted for by the Notary by compensating the losses arising from the Bank and the legal implications when the Notary is late in making the deed can be sued before the court.
Legal Protection of the Office of Notary against the Principle of Confidentiality in View of Article 66 Paragraph (4) of the Notary Law
Authors: Nadhea Tungga Devi  , Ariawan Gunadi
Published: January 2025

This article is entitled “Legal protection of notary positions against the principle of confidentiality in review of Article 66 paragraph (4) of the UUJN”. The research method used is normative juridical research, using secondary data to analyze legal issues. The result of the research is that the legal protection of notaries in maintaining the confidentiality of the contents of their authentic deeds is not effective with the application of article 66 paragraph (4) of the UUJN by law enforcement in examining notaries. This is due to the absence of implementing regulations for article 175 of Law No. 6 of 2023 Jo article 66 paragraph (4) of UUJN, which has implications for the examination of notaries without protection and legal defense efforts to submit to law enforcement photocopies of the Deed Minute and/or letters attached to the Deed Minute or Notary Protocol in the Notary's storage which are confidential and guaranteed by law. Direct examination of notaries based on Constitutional Court Decision 20 PK/PID/2020 if MKN does not respond to law enforcement's request for notary examination (Article 66 (4) UUJN).
Juridical Review of Notary’s Liability for Storage and Force Majeure of Deed Minute in Notary Office
Authors: Julitha Ananda Putri  , Thea Farina  , Karlinae Bangas
Published: January 2025

This research examines the responsibilities of Notaries regarding the storage and force majeure of the minutes of deeds at the Notary's office. Notaries are obliged to make and keep the minutes of deeds as part of the notary protocol according to the Notary Deed of Office. However, the lack of specific regulations regarding retention poses a risk of damage or loss of documents, especially in force majeure situations. Although the digital age offers alternatives to mitigate these risks, Indonesian positive law has yet to recognize digital storage as a legitimate solution. This research uses a normative legal approach to identify the relevant issues and concludes that clearer regulations are needed to protect the integrity and viability of notarial deeds in the future.
Sustainable Runggu Strengthening Model: Communal Intellectual Property Protection in Ecotourism Puncak 2000 Siosar, Karo Regency
Authors: Amelia Anggriany Siswoyo  , Palacheta Subies Subianto
Published: January 2025

Runggu is a model of local wisdom of the Karo indigenous community that has an important role in the kinship system, communication and deliberation to make a decision in the Karo indigenous community. Runggu is a collection of "human living treasure" that can protect and preserve the communal intellectual property of the Karo people. Puncak 2000 Siosar has a lot of potential that can be explored by Runggu to be inventoried and recorded as communal intellectual property. The lack of communal intellectual property literacy, communal intellectual property commercialization literacy and customary communal literacy causes communal intellectual property to not be utilized economically for the development of ecotourism of the Karo community in Puncak 2000 Siosar. Even though communal intellectual property is commercialized, indigenous peoples will get fair and equitable benefits sharing that has the potential to improve the welfare of local communities. However, it takes synergy and active collaboration from various relevant stakeholders, especially from the Runggu Karo community in the Puncak 2000 Siosar Ecotourism area to make Karo communal intellectual property a regional superior product. The data analysis technique used in this research is quantitative data analysis technique using statistical methods using SmartPLS software version 4.0. The conclusion of this research is that increasing indigenous communal literacy in the context of communal intellectual property has a double effect. On the one hand, it encourages indigenous peoples to better appreciate and preserve their cultural heritage. On the other hand, this literacy also opens up opportunities for indigenous peoples to utilize their intellectual property commercially.
Legal Protection of Creditors' Preferences Rights Regarding Fiduciary Security Receivables
Authors: Muhammad Awal Alishakur  , Ariawan Gunadi
Published: January 2025

This article is entitled legal protection of creditors' preference rights for fiduciary guarantee receivables. This article uses a normative legal research type with a research approach . statute approach , namely a legislative approach carried out by identifying legal issues and discuss applicable laws and regulations, in relation to the material discussed . The state through laws and regulations provides legal protection for recipients of guarantees for goods legally in the transfer of rights to goods, one of which is fiduciary guarantees. This guarantee positions the recipient of the guarantee as having special rights, namely being given the first opportunity in terms of making payments if the borrower experiences default or bankruptcy . The recipient of fiduciary guarantees legally according to the Fiduciary Law can sell goods that have been placed as fiduciary guarantees, if the creditor or borrower cannot fulfill their obligations in the loan agreement. This execution is guaranteed in Article 15 paragraph (2) of the Fiduciary Law, through an execution mechanism with a court ruling
Analyze the Impact and Handling of Legal Actions on Bullying on Social Media Tiktok
Authors: Shinta Rahmalia Saputri  , Arief Budiono
Published: January 2025

Bullying on social media, including the TikTok platform, has become a pressing issue in the modern digital context. This research aims to analyze the impact and handling of legal actions on bullying on TikTok social media. This research method is empirical legal research. The primary and secondary data sources of this research are primary and secondary.  The data collection techniques are interviews, questionnaires, and observation. The method of analyzing data obtained from research is processed and analyzed in a qualitative descriptive way, meaning that data analysis is based on what is obtained from the literature, both orally and in writing, then directed, discussed, and given an explanation with the applicable provisions and then concluded. The results of this study show that both victims and perpetrators have a negative impact from criminal acts of bullying—legal consequences for the perpetrators and legal protection for victims of cyber bullycyberbullyingd. The legal mechanism can handle legal acts of bullying on the internet, especially on TikTok social media, namely complaints on the TikTok social media platform. Bullying on social media can be sanctioned based on Law No. 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions (UU ITE), updated with Law No. 19 of 2016. Suppose the act of bullying relates to insult or defamation. In that case, the perpetrator can be charged with the Criminal Code (KUHP) Articles 310 and 311 with the threat of imprisonment or a fine, depending on the severity of the case.
Collaboration Between Women and Child Protection and Women's Crisis Center in Assisting Victims of Sexual Violence Against Children
Authors: Mavitia Humairah Ms  , Heni Nopianti  , Ika Pasca Himawati
Published: January 2025

This research is based on the issue of child sexual abuse, which is a problem in Indonesia, including in Bengkulu City; in response to this, government and non-government institutions must collaborate in assisting victims of child sexual abuse. This research aims to analyze the collaboration process between the Women and Child Protection Agency and the Women's Crisis Center in helping victims of child sexual abuse in Bengkulu City, analyzed using functional structural theory proposed by Talcott Parsons. This research uses a qualitative approach and is a descriptive research type. Data collection techniques used were non-participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation. The results show that the collaborative mentoring process was carried out through several indicators: active online and offline communication and high trust and commitment between the two in solving problems. The deliberation stage is the hallmark of collaboration as community strengthening, which involves the community in preventing and handling cases. In some programs implemented, access to human resources is lacking, so collaboration can be established to achieve a more optimal service assistance process and the availability of financial resources from the central government. This study concludes that in addition to a smooth mentoring process, there are still obstacles, including the lack of evaluation and budget from the local government to support the smooth mentoring process.
Transformation of Land Registration Through Electronic Certificates to Overcome Overlapping Certificates in Indonesia
Authors: Kevin Veronica Halim  , Ariawan Gunadi
Published: January 2025

Land is a crucial natural resource for human life, serving as a residence, a basis for economic activities, and a symbol of status. Effective land registration is vital for providing legal certainty and preventing disputes, particularly regarding the issue of overlapping certificates. This writing will discuss the role of electronic certificates as a solution to address this issue, considering that the increasing number of registered land parcels can trigger ownership conflicts. Although the existing legal framework provides a clear structure, challenges such as a lack of accurate data, complex bureaucracy, and high registration costs still hinder implementation. Electronic certificates are expected to enhance transparency and efficiency in land rights management; however, they do not guarantee the elimination of future disputes. Therefore, community education and improved oversight among relevant agencies are necessary to ensure the successful transformation of the land registration system in Indonesia
The Authority of the Notary Supervisory Council regarding Unlawful Actions Related to the Notary's Code of Ethics in Making Authentic Deeds
Authors: Tiya Nuraini  , Amad Sudiro
Published: January 2025

The authority of the Notary Supervisory Council in carrying out supervision and guidance in the implementation of the position of Notary has a big influence and aims to ensure that the implementation of the position is in accordance with existing regulations and runs properly. The Notary Supervisory Council also has the authority to follow up on cases related to violations of the notary's position and violations of the code of ethics committed by Notaries, which can cause problems for the public as Notary clients, because the Notary's position is a position that is trusted and delegated by Law Number 2 of 2014 concerning amendments. Based on Law Number 30 of 2004 concerning the Position of Notaries in making Authentic Deeds which produce strong legal evidence, on this basis Notaries are strictly prohibited in the Law on the position of Notary as well as the Notary Code of Ethics Regulations from committing violations in the implementation of making authentic deeds. Apart from that, Notaries are also obliged to have moral ethics that uphold and maintain the dignity of the Notary's position. Currently, it is not uncommon to find Notaries who commit unlawful acts in carrying out their positions, as in one of the cases that occurred with a Notary in Cirebon in District Court Decision Number 83/Pdt.G/2022/Pn Cbn. The research method used is normative legal research which is descriptive analytical in nature. The results of this research show that in carrying out the office of Notary, the authority of the Notary Supervisory Board is the most important element in creating an orderly and proper implementation of the office of Notary in producing legal products in the form of authentic deeds that are valid and have full legal force.
The Urgency of Legal Regulation for Do Not Resuscitate Orders in the Indonesian Healthcare System: A Comparative Study with the United Kingdom
Authors: Philip Anggra  , Lewiandy
Published: January 2025

The “Do Not Resuscitate” (DNR) order represents a critical ethical and legal directive within healthcare, providing patients the autonomy to decline cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) at life’s end. This research examines the comparative legal frameworks and procedural implementations of DNR orders in Indonesia and the United Kingdom, highlighting the disparities and the impact on healthcare systems. Despite its recognition in Indonesia, DNR lacks specific legislation, influenced by cultural and religious perceptions that view end-of-life decisions as taboo. Conversely, the UK has established robust legal protocols under the NHS and the Mental Capacity Act 2005, ensuring DNR decisions align with patient rights and medical ethics. This study employs a qualitative comparative approach to analyze DNR policies, assessing the alignment of Indonesia’s practices with international standards and the UK’s structured approach. Through examining legal documents and health policies, this research proposes recommendations for Indonesia to enhance DNR regulatory frameworks, aiming to reconcile cultural sensitivities with the need for ethical clarity in medical decision-making. The findings suggest a pressing need for Indonesia to establish clear, culturally adapted DNR regulations to improve healthcare quality and respect for patient autonomy.
Marital Adjustments for Female Prisoners Undergoing Long Distance Marriages at Lapas Kelas II B Muara Teweh
Authors: Ratu Arum Ningtyas  , Vivi Sylviani Biafri
Published: January 2025

There are many factors that cause long distance marriages, one of which is rarely highlighted is because one of the partners is involved in a crime and is serving a sentence in prison. Maintaining a household and carrying out duties and responsibilities, especially as a wife for a female prisoner, is a big effort. Female prisoners and their partners must be able to adapt to conditions of long distance marriage and limited communication. The ability to maintain a household was analyzed using Hurlock's marital adjustment theory. This research aims to find out and analyze the marital adjustment of female prisoners undergoing long distance marriages at Muara Teweh Prison as well as the factors that play a role in marital adjustment based on the marital adjustment theory proposed by Hurlock. The research was conducted using qualitative methods with a case study research design. Data collection was carried out by interviews, observation and literature study on 3 informants. Based on the analysis, it was discovered that 2 informants met the aspects of good marital adjustment and had a harmonious household relationship, and 1 other informant was classified as having a bad marital adjustment and had a disharmonious household relationship.
Responsibility of Transportation Business Actors for Passenger Losses from a Maslahah Perspective (Case Study of PT. Barumun, Padang Lawas)
Authors: M. Syafii Nasution  , Muhammad Amar Adly
Published: January 2025

One of the barometers determining the progress of life and civilization of a society is the progress and development of information and technology activities used by the community in transportation activities. This study aims to determine the losses suffered by passengers due to the negligence of the bus company and the liability of transportation business actors for passenger losses with a focus on the Maslahah perspective. The research used is empirical juridical research with a Living Case Studies Approach and Conceptual Approach. Data is collected by interview and document study methods. Then the data is processed and analyzed with qualitative methods. The results of this study indicate that the responsibility of PT Barumun for the operation of buses that cause losses to passengers in terms of security, comfort, and safety of passengers and their luggage. In the maslahah perspective, the bus company's responsibility for passengers who suffer losses can be done by replacing all losses arising from the operation of the bus in accordance with applicable regulations so as to create benefits for all passengers who want to travel short or long distances by using PT. Barumun bus services.
The Urgency of Legal Protection for Indonesian Health Workers in the Israel-Palestinian Conflict Area From the Perspective Act Number 59 of 1958
Authors: Kelvin Nathaniel  , Evelyn Winarko  , Nicholas Alexander Indrawila  , Christian Bima Ersananta
Published: January 2025

The Geneva Conventions of 1949, which were later ratified in Law No. 59 of 1958, became the only legal basis for the protection of Indonesian health personnel in conflict zones. However, The Geneva Conventions of 1949 which were ratified by Indonesia did not provide a full explanation of the legal protection of Indonesian health personnel who are in conflict zones. Therefore the presence of the Additional Protocol of 1977 was created to complement the existing rules in The Geneva Conventions of 1949, one of the topics is about detailed regulations related to the protection of health personnel in conflict zones that until now have not been ratified by Indonesia Government. This research is normative legal research using a conceptual approach. The data that used in this study includes secondary data consisting of analysis of laws and regulations, books, scientific articles, journals, and previous research results.
Intellectual Property Rights Guarantee: Roles and Challenges for Notaries
Authors: Niken Eka Marthasari
Published: January 2025

Exclusive rights in intellectual property as intangible movable objects can be used as objects of fiduciary collateral based on statutory regulations, although positive law has regulated that IPR can be used as collateral, in practice it is still not widely implemented, because of the incomplete legal certainty regarding the assessment mechanism,  limited time period for IPR apprentices, as well as further regulations regarding the execution of guarantees in the event of breach of contract or default.  The role of a notary is very important as a general official who makes fiduciary guarantee deeds, of course it is a challenge for notaries to be able to understand the implementation of fiduciary guarantees in the form of IPR.  This writing aims to find out more about the systematics of fiduciary guarantee deeds with IPR objects, as well as the role and challenges of notaries as makers of fiduciary guarantee deeds with IPR objects.  The method used is doctrinal or normative research, with an approach to positive legal regulations. This research is explanatory, which aims to test theories and hypotheses related to the application of IPR as fiduciary collateral
The Principle of People's Sovereignty in the Presidential Appointment of the Head of the Nusantara Capital Authority
Authors: Elvia Rahmawati  , Miftakhul Huda  , Ian Firstian Aldhi
Published: January 2025

This study explores the appointment mechanism of the Head of the Nusantara Capital Authority (IKN Authority) and its implications for the principle of people's sovereignty as enshrined in the 1945 Constitution. The Indonesian state, structured as a unitary system with decentralized governance, grants certain regions special status, including the newly established Nusantara Capital. Unlike other regions with locally elected leaders, the Head of the IKN Authority is appointed directly by the President, reflecting an asymmetric decentralization model. The findings indicate that while the special appointment mechanism aims to streamline governance and ensure efficient leadership for the capital's development, it significantly limits local political representation and public participation. The study highlights that this mechanism contrasts with democratic principles outlined in the Constitution, where sovereignty is vested in the people and manifested through elections. The reliance on a merit-based appointment system underscores the need for professional leadership in managing the complex and multi-sectoral environment of the new capital. However, it also raises concerns about the diminishing role of public consent and local political engagement, which are vital to democratic governance. The study concludes that while the mechanism facilitates the capital's development, it simultaneously weakens democratic values by curbing the practical exercise of people's sovereignty at the local level.
Legal Certainty for Companies That Unilaterally Terminate Employment Relations to Workers
Authors: Aurelius Steven Beale  , Rasji
Published: January 2025

In this study, we have discussed legal certainty for companies in carrying out the process of unilateral termination of employment relations against workers. This study applies a normative juridical research method with the approach taken, namely the legislative and conceptual approaches. This study explains the procedure for legal termination of employment, as well as aspects of legal certainty, especially for companies, and also explains the impacts such as legal and economic impacts of termination disputes. The results of this study prove that there is legal certainty for companies that can be accepted based on compliance with the legal termination procedure, namely by bipartite negotiations, mediation, and fulfillment of legal requirements according to the reasons for termination. The company has the right to validate the reasons for termination of employment and has legal protection in the industrial relations court.
Analysis of Government Management Transformation: Case Study of Position Equalization Program in the Melawi Regency Government
Authors: Nurkhamdi  , Samugyo Ibnu Redjo  , Neneng Yani Yuningsih
Published: January 2025

The Indonesian government implements a policy of equalizing position as a simplification of bureaucracy. The policy is seen as the transformation of government management with complex challenges. This article aims to analyze the important aspects of the transformation of government management in equalizing positions in Melawi Regency in 2021-2024. Data is collected from important officials who sit in government and members of parliament, without ignoring the opinions of the public. The results show that (a) reframing aspect is considered good enough in the "Achieve Mobilization" element and needs an increase in the "Creating Vision" and "Build a Measurement System" elements by re-frame programs and fulfillment of performance targets, (b) restructuring aspect in implementation element of "Construction an Economic Model" and "Redesigning The Work Architecture" is good enough and needs an increase in the element of "Configuring the Physical Infrastructure" by immediately forming a public service mall, (c) revitalization aspect is good enough from the three elements described, and (d) renewal aspect is good in the "Create a Reward System" and "Developing The Organization" elements, so it only needs to be improved in "Building Individual Learning" element by adding competency development to the equivalent functional position to improve existing services.
Legal Study of Nominee Agreements in Villa Business Management: Perspectives of Decision No. 129/Pdt.G/2021/PN. Amp
Authors: Elvira Triana Putri  , Surahmad
Published: January 2025

In Indonesia, foreigners' land ownership is restricted by law. However, in practice, some foreigners legally own Indonesian land through a nominee agreement. This study aims to find out the importance of understanding legal protection for the parties involved in the nominee agreement, as well as the judge's considerations in deciding the case of villa business management with a nominee agreement in Decision No. 129/Pdt.G/2021/PN. Amp. The research method used is normative juridical which involves the analysis of regulations and cases related to land ownership by foreigners through nominee agreements, and through literature studies and data access through journals, as well as the Internet. The results of this study show that the form of protection for the parties involved in the nominee agreement is that the interests of the parties can be protected if there is a basis to prove when negligence occurs as a result of a legally made agreement. Then the judge's consideration in Decision No.129/Pdt.G/PN. Amp is indeed in accordance with the provisions applicable in Indonesia, but there is still a void regarding the regulation of ownership of land and buildings on it which if not regulated in the decision will have the potential to cause illegal control by foreign citizens.
Legal Protection of Processed “Nasi Kapau” Products are Linked to Intellectual Property Rights (Study at Nagari Kapau, Agam Regency)
Authors: Ulfanora Utama  , Tasman
Published: January 2025

West Sumatra is a province that has undoubted delicious cuisine that has gone global and is known as Minangkabau cuisine. One of the famous Minangkabau dishes is Nasi Kapau. Nasi Kapau is a traditional dish originating from Nagari Kapau and has special processed products that are different from dishes in the Minangkabau realm. In Law Number 20 of 2016 concerning Brands, the role of Brands and Geographical Indications is very important, especially in maintaining healthy, fair business competition, protecting consumers, as well as protecting Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises and domestic industry. In fact, there are already several Nasi Kapau dishes that have been registered with the Ministry of Law and Human Rights, such as Nasi Kapau Uni Lis.  The potential for not carrying out an inventory or recording it will give rise to legal problems, namely legal disputes. Various cases that have occurred bothclaim"The ownership of intellectual property by other people or other countries causes cultural losses and even loss of commercial value. The results of this research explain that First, Registration of the trademark on Nasi Kapau is an effort to avoid recognition by other countries which violates the ownership of the owner of the processed product. Second, Registration of the Kapau rice brand as a form of preservation carried out by the Nagari Kapau community for the advancement of Minangkabau culture in Indonesia. Third, The government encourages the public to register processed products in the form of kapau rice through individual brands and communal brands in the form of nasi Padang licenses. It is advisable for the people of Nagari Kapau to register their processed Kapau rice products in the form of a patent as a form of intellectual property rights protection in the form of appreciating their work for the sake of community welfare and a healthy business climate.
Analysis of Political Education Programmes on the Quality of Voter Participation in the 2024 General Election
Authors: Noprianto  , Sastro  M. Wantu  , Lucyane Djaafar
Published: January 2025

This study aims to analyse political education programs and their impact on the level of voter participation in the 2024 General Election in Banggai Regency. Using a qualitative method with a case study approach, data was collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Primary data was obtained from the General Election Commission, Election Supervisory Agency, political parties, National and Political Unity, and voters in Banggai Regency. Secondary data was obtained from journals, books, and reports on the implementation of the 2024 elections. The results showed that political education programs such as voter education socialisation. The results of this programme have implications for voter participation, which is reflected in the increase in turnout in the 2024 elections to 80.83%, compared to 79.47% in the 2019 elections. Nonetheless, several factors such as voters' limited cognitive, affective and evaluative abilities, as well as limited access to information and economic instability, proved to be obstacles affecting political participation. This study recommends that election administrators improve the effectiveness of political education programmes by actively involving voters in these programmes, in order to encourage more optimal participation.
Economic Impact Analysis of Sea Toll Program Implementation in Eastern Indonesia: A Review in Papua, Maluku, and East Nusa Tenggara Regions
Authors: Robby Kurniawan  , Sudjanadi Tjipto Sudarmo  , Edi Abdurachman
Published: January 2025

The Sea Toll is a form of transportation development policy in support of the government's development policy direction, especially as an embodiment of the third axis of Indonesia's policy agenda as the world's maritime axis, namely prioritizing infrastructure development and maritime connectivity. The lagging development in the eastern region of Indonesia has its own relevance for the important role of the Sea Toll program.This research aims to analyze the implementation of the Sea Toll program in order to support development in the Papua, Maluku and East Nusa Tenggara regions and analyze the economic impact on these three regions. This research uses a post-positivist paradigm. This study uses a qualitative and quantitative approach (mixed method) with a post-positivist paradigm. The data sources for this study consist of primary and secondary data sources. Primary data sources come from interviews, observations, and surveys. The secondary data sources are in the form of document studies. The data was analyzed using qualitative and quantitative data analysis techniques. In qualitative data analysis techniques, this study follows the Miles and Huberman model data analysis method. As for quantitative data analysis techniques, this study applies Results Chain Method adopted Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis using Smart PLS software. The research results show that the Sea Toll policy can still have an economic impact both directly and indirectly. The implementation of the sea toll has a direct impact on the transportation sector but not yet optimal to have a work impact. In addition, the implementation of sea tolls also has an indirect impact on other economic sectors, but has not been able to contribute to the increase in taxes or regional revenue.
Harmonization of International Patient Law in Biotechnology: Strategies For Enhancing Innovation And Global Access
Authors: Raymond R. Tjandrawinata  , Henry Soelistyo Budi
Published: January 2025

The fragmented global patent landscape poses significant challenges for biotechnology, one of the most innovative sectors of the 21st century. Despite the potential to revolutionize healthcare and agriculture, differences in patent regulation between jurisdictions impede progress, limit equitable access to therapies, and complicate international collaboration. This paper examines the key regulatory frameworks in the United States, the European Union, Japan, and China, focusing on the inherent strengths and challenges of each, by analyzing case studies, such as CRISPR gene editing and CAR-T therapy. The article identifies strategies to deal with ethical dilemmas, intellectual property rights differences, and cross-border enforcement issues. The analysis in this publication encourages harmonization initiatives through regional agreements, international dialogue, and open innovation models to promote global access and sustainable innovation.
The Implementation of Spiritual Rehabilitation Programs at Pangkalpinang Class IIA Correctional Institution
Authors: Therie Munadi  , Muhamad Adystia Sunggara
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the implementation and challenges of spiritual guidance programs within the Pangkalpinang Class IIA Correctional Institution, as outlined in Law Number 22 of 2022 on Penitentiaries. Using a mixed juridical and empirical approach, including interviews and observations, the research analyzes various aspects of spiritual guidance, identifies prevailing challenges, and proposes strategies to improve program effectiveness. The findings reveal significant efforts in providing religious facilities and spiritual guidance, yet challenges persist, such as low inmate participation and a shortage of specialized personnel in spiritual guidance. To address these issues, collaboration with the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Bangka Belitung Islands Province is proposed to enhance program quality. The study concludes that fostering inter-institutional cooperation is crucial to ensuring the fulfillment of inmates' religious rights and facilitating their rehabilitation and reintegration into society.
Implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility as a Legal Mandatory in Indonesia (Case Study of PT AFC Indonesia)
Authors: Irfandy H Simanungkalit  , Martono Anggusti  , Ria Juliana Siregar
Published: January 2025

This study examines PT AFC Indonesia and how companies should implement Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as a legal mandatory in Indonesia. Law No. 40 of 2007 regulates CSR as a moral responsibility. The purpose of this study is to evaluate how PT AFC Indonesia implements CSR and make recommendations for other companies. A qualitative method was used, which was used to analyze documents and interviews. The results show that PT AFC Indonesia improves the quality of life of the community through CSR programs that improve health services, clean water supply, and educational support. The conclusion is that this CSR implementation enhances the company's reputation and supports sustainable development in Indonesia.
Legal Remedies for Breach of Contract in Digital Service Agreements
Authors: Reza Kurniawan Cahya Putra  , Gunawan Djajaputra
Published: January 2025

This study examines the legal mechanisms for addressing breaches in service contracts in an increasingly complex digital era. It aims to identify legal challenges in digital transactions and provide relevant policy recommendations to enhance legal protections for digital service users. The research uses a qualitative method with a literature review as the data collection technique. The findings indicate that legal challenges in digital transactions are highly complex, especially in addressing breaches caused by technical factors, information asymmetry, and jurisdictional differences between countries. Digital contracts involving various parties from multiple locations require an adaptive and responsive legal approach to ensure user protection. Effective legal efforts include drafting clearer regulations on rights and obligations in digital contracts, implementing online dispute resolution (ODR) methods, enhancing service provider transparency, and fostering international collaboration for harmonizing digital contract law. With these policy recommendations, it is hoped that digital service users will receive adequate legal protection, creating a safe, fair, and trustworthy digital transaction environment.
Implementation of Government Policy Through Complete Systematic Land Registration in the Context of Accelerating Certificate Services in Indonesia
Authors: Suwari Raturandang  , Tjempaka
Published: January 2025

The increasing population and need for land in Indonesia has made legal certainty over land very important. Many people own land but do not have official certificates, which leads to legal uncertainty and potential land disputes. The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation of the PTSL policy, the challenges faced, and the expected impact of accelerating land certificate services in Indonesia. This research uses a normative method with a statutory approach, relying on secondary data from various official sources such as government documents, books, research reports, and legal literature. The results show that PTSL is more effective than the previous policy, the National Agrarian Operations Project (PRONA), which was limited by budget and area coverage. PTSL has a more comprehensive approach by targeting all land parcels in one village, thus providing land certificates to more people. The program has improved legal certainty, reduced land disputes, and supported economic development by providing greater access to credit and investment. This demonstrates that government policy through PTSL can be an effective model for better, inclusive, transparent and equitable land governance, and contribute to improved community welfare and national economic development.
Civilian Endangerment and Human Shield Tactics in the Siege of Mariupol
Authors: Caecilia Patrice Yonandi  , Lewiandy
Published: January 2025

Among the dramatic events of the Russo-Ukrainian War was the Siege of Mariupol in 2022, with the use of human shield tactics and resulting human casualties among civilian populations. This study will therefore assess the extent of human shielding the Ukrainian and Russian forces to ascertain the effects on the civilian population, and zero in on the legal implications under international humanitarian law. A descriptive qualitative research approach was used in this research, whereby information was obtained through wide-scale literature research, specifically reports by international bodies, educational material, and journalistic information by trusted sources. Both parties have done much to bring war closer to civilians and deny humanitarian groups access to them: deploying military infrastructure near residential areas and refusing access and evacuations. Like in most conflicts, civilians have accounted for most of the casualties; destroyed structures in cities or other critical parts were not spared, which has serious humanitarian effects. The study concludes that the use of human shield tactics in Mariupol involves grave violations of IHL and, in this respect, underlines an urgent need for strict adherence to legal norms in the protection of civilians during hostilities.
Introdução : Indicadores Quantitativos da OCDE e o Brasil : meio ambiente
Authors: Abade Eduardo , Basso Larissa , Mota Catherine Rebouças , Paulsen Sandra
Published: January 2025

Este volume apresenta o status do alinhamento do Brasil com os indicadores da Organização para a Cooperação e o Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE) para mudança do clima, meio ambiente e biodiversidade. O tema é um dos mais relevantes no processo de acessão do Brasil à organização econômica, por ao menos dois motivos principais. Primeiro, porque os temas climáticos e ambientais vêm ganhando cada vez mais expressão na política internacional e nas políticas públicas domésticas.
Aspectos procedimentais na condução do projeto : decisões e aprendizados
Authors: Desiderá Neto Walter A.
Published: January 2025

O projeto do Ipea, coordenado por Renato Baumann, visa apoiar a adesão do Brasil à OCDE, adaptando os indicadores do bloco à realidade brasileira e proporcionando dados e soluções para a implementação de ajustes nas políticas públicas. A pesquisa envolveu mais de 20 especialistas em diversas áreas, como reforma estrutural, crescimento inclusivo e digitalização, e enfrentou desafios como a dispersão geográfica da equipe e a complexidade do trabalho. Apesar das dificuldades, o projeto foi bem-sucedido, com entregas dentro do prazo. O artigo final destaca as estratégias adotadas para superar obstáculos teóricos, metodológicos e operacionais, garantindo a eficácia e utilidade dos resultados.
Governaça orçamentária e finanças públicas : especificidades do caso brasileiro
Authors: Rech Lucas Trentin , Couto Leandro Freitas
Published: January 2025

Em março de 2017, o Brasil solicitou adesão à Organização para a Cooperação e o Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE), com foco na melhoria da governança orçamentária, um tema central na organização. A OCDE lançou, em 2015, um conjunto de dez princípios para promover boas práticas em governança orçamentária, enfatizando a transparência, a integridade e a confiança entre governo e cidadãos. O Brasil, ao alinhar-se a esses princípios, busca aprimorar a gestão fiscal e orçamentária, com ênfase na transparência dos dados, no planejamento estratégico e na gestão eficiente dos recursos públicos. A análise da governança orçamentária brasileira, baseada nas dimensões fiscal, programática, participativa e de accountability, revela desafios e oferece recomendações para avançar na implementação dessas boas práticas, tendo como base dados da OCDE e da Parceria Internacional sobre Orçamento.
Como avaliar iniciativas de governo digital ?
Authors: Marinho Sarah
Published: January 2025

O conceito de governo digital, inicialmente denominado e-governo, surgiu no final do século XX como parte da transformação digital impulsionada pela expansão da internet, com o objetivo de melhorar a administração pública e otimizar a entrega de serviços aos cidadãos. Inspirado pela Nova Gestão Pública, o e-governo visava não só a eficiência interna dos governos, mas também a ampliação da participação pública nas decisões governamentais. Durante os anos 2000, países como os EUA, Reino Unido, Austrália e Singapura lideraram a implementação de plataformas digitais para oferecer serviços como pagamento de impostos, consultas públicas e até eleições digitais. Apesar do potencial de transformação, a digitalização não levou à integração completa das funções governamentais, e os benefícios de eficiência interna, como a formulação de políticas baseadas em dados, foram mais limitados do que o esperado. A literatura acadêmica classifica a implementação do governo digital em quatro estágios: digitalização, transformação, engajamento e contextualização, cada um com avanços nas ferramentas digitais e na interação com a sociedade. A OCDE, por sua vez, tem trabalhado na criação de um índice de governo digital para medir de forma mais abrangente o progresso nesses estágios, refletindo as mudanças na governança pública e no relacionamento do governo com a sociedade.
Corrupção, anticorrupção e integridade pública
Authors: Moraes Rodrigo Fracalossi de
Published: January 2025

A corrupção, amplamente reconhecida na literatura acadêmica por seus efeitos prejudiciais, como a redução da qualidade dos serviços públicos, aumento da desigualdade, distorção dos mercados e diminuição da confiança pública, passou a ser mais estudada a partir dos anos 1990. Anteriormente, o tema era considerado menos relevante, com algumas correntes defendendo até a "graxa eficiente", onde a corrupção seria vista como uma forma de contornar regras ineficazes e impulsionar a eficiência. Foi a criação da Transparência Internacional (TI) em 1993 e a mudança de postura do Banco Mundial, que passou a adotar uma estratégia anticorrupção mais assertiva, que consolidaram a corrupção como um problema global urgente. A partir daí, surgiram diversos mecanismos internacionais, como as convenções da OEA, OCDE e ONU, voltados ao combate à corrupção. Em paralelo, a criação de indicadores como o Índice de Percepção da Corrupção (CPI) tem ajudado a monitorar e analisar o fenômeno. Apesar dos avanços na adoção de políticas anticorrupção, a implementação de práticas eficazes ainda é lenta, evidenciada pela escassa regulamentação de áreas vulneráveis como o lobby e as compras públicas. O combate à corrupção continua sendo um tema central nas agendas políticas, com crescente pressão para a adoção de medidas mais rígidas e transparência na gestão pública.
Sistem Bagi Hasil Terhadap Pengelolaan Badan Usaha Milik Desa (Studi pada BUMDesa Karang Anyar Langsa Aceh)
Authors: Tarlis Andi , Agustina Zera
Published: January 2025

Indonesia is a country whose territory is divided into provincial areas. Provincial areas are further divided into Regency and City areas. Each Province, Regency, and City area has a regional government regulated by Law. The study entitled Profit Sharing System for the Management of Village-Owned Enterprises Study on BUMDesa Karang Anyar Langsa Aceh). The objectives of the study are: 1) to determine the effectiveness of the management of Village-Owned Enterprises in Karang Anyar Village, Aceh Province. 2) to determine the profit sharing system for the management of Village-Owned Enterprises in Karang Anyar Village, Aceh Province. The results of the study are 1) in its implementation, the management of Karang Anyar Village-Owned Enterprises has been running well, such as in Planning, namely the management of Village-Owned Enterprises has planned all Village-Owned Enterprise programs carefully, in organizing all managers of Village-Owned Enterprises have carried out the duties of each of their responsibilities well, in its implementation, Village-Owned Enterprises have been effective in running Village-Owned Enterprise programs even though there are still some obstacles, and in the evaluation, 2) the presence of Village-Owned Enterprises in the Karang Anyar Village community has become a forum for the community's economy and is able to empower the community and reduce unemployment among the Karang Anyar community, especially in Langsa City, this is proven by the community being involved in making activities such as chips businesses, tempeh businesses and others.