bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Typology and correlates of parental stress among caregivers of children with DBDs in low-resourced communities in Uganda
Authors: Brathwaite Rachel , Magorokosho Natasja , Namuwonge Flavia , Tutlam Nhial , Neilands Torsten B. , McKay Mary M. , Ssewamala Fred M.
Published: August 2023

Disruptive Behavior Disorders (DBDs) is one of the most common mental health problems among children in Uganda and SSA. Yet, to our knowledge no research has studied parenting stress (PS) among caregivers of children with DBDs, or investigated which risk factors originate from the child, parent, and contextual environment. Using a rigorous analytical approach, we aimed to: 1) identify different types and; 2) examine factors associated with PS and how correlates differ according to the type of stress experienced among caregivers of children with DBDs in low-resourced Ugandan communities. We used data from 633 caregivers of children with DBDs from SMART-Africa Uganda study. PS, was measured using the 36-item Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF). To identify focal correlates related to child/parent/contextual environment, we performed variable importance screening using the Stata command -gvselect- and specified mixed/melogit multilevel modeling with random effects. Secondly, focal correlates were included in the cross-fit partialing out lasso linear/logistic regression (double machine-learning) model. Caregivers mostly experienced stress from parental distress and caring for a child with difficult behavior. As scores increased by one unit on: caregiver mental health distress, PSI-SF increased by 0.23 (95% CI = 0.15, 0.32) (reflecting higher stress levels); Child difficulties, PSI-SF increased by 0.77 (95% CI = 0.52, 1.02). Contrastingly, for every one unit increase in family cohesion scores, PSI-SF decreased by 0.54 (95% CI = -0.84, -0.23). Caregivers with college/diploma/undergraduate/graduate education had less stress than those completing primary only or never attended school [Coefficient = -8.06 (95% CI = -12.56, -3.56)]. Family financial supporters had significantly higher Parental distress than caregivers who were not [Coefficient = 2.68 (95% CI = 1.20, 4.16)]. In low-resource settings like Uganda where mental health support is limited, community-based family-focused and economic empowerment interventions that improve community support systems and address financial barriers can reduce stress levels of caregivers of children with DBDs.
Clinical predictors of encephalitis in UK adults–A multi-centre prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Defres Sylviane , Tharmaratnam Kukatharmini , Michael Benedict D. , Ellul Mark , Davies Nicholas W. S. , Easton Ava , Griffiths Michael J. , Bhojak Maneesh , Das Kumar , Hardwick Hayley , Cheyne Chris , Kneen Rachel , Medina-Lara Antonieta , Salter Anne Christine , Beeching Nicholas J. , Carrol Enitan , Vincent Angela ,   ENCEPH UK study group, Garcia-Finana Marta , Solomon Tom
Published: August 2023

Objectives

Encephalitis, brain inflammation and swelling, most often caused by an infection or the body’s immune defences, can have devastating consequences, especially if diagnosed late. We looked for clinical predictors of different types of encephalitis to help clinicians consider earlier treatment.

Methods

We conducted a multicentre prospective observational cohort study (ENCEPH-UK) of adults (> 16 years) with suspected encephalitis at 31 UK hospitals. We evaluated clinical features and investigated for infectious and autoimmune causes.

Results

341 patients were enrolled between December 2012 and December 2015 and followed up for 12 months. 233 had encephalitis, of whom 65 (28%) had HSV, 38 (16%) had confirmed or probable autoimmune encephalitis, and 87 (37%) had no cause found. The median time from admission to 1st dose of aciclovir for those with HSV was 14 hours (IQR 5–50); time to 1st dose of immunosuppressant for the autoimmune group was 125 hours (IQR 45–250). Compared to non-HSV encephalitis, patients with HSV more often had fever, lower serum sodium and lacked a rash. Those with probable or confirmed autoimmune encephalitis were more likely to be female, have abnormal movements, normal serum sodium levels and a cerebrospinal fluid white cell count < 20 cells x106/L, but they were less likely to have a febrile illness.

Conclusions

Initiation of treatment for autoimmune encephalitis is delayed considerably compared with HSV encephalitis. Clinical features can help identify patients with autoimmune disease and could be used to initiate earlier presumptive therapy.
Exploring communication preferences of trans and gender diverse individuals—A qualitative study
Authors: von der Warth Rieka , Metzner Gloria , Körner Mirjam , Farin-Glattacker Erik
Published: August 2023

Background

Trans and gender-diverse individuals experience adverse health outcomes that might be due, in addition to other factors, to stigma and discrimination in the health care sector. At the same time, the concept of person-centred care acknowledges the role of patient-physician communication in health care outcomes. This study aims to explore patient-physician communication preferences in trans and gender-diverse individuals.

Method

A qualitative interview study was conducted, including N = 10 participants between February and March 2022. Participants were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guideline, based on previous knowledge in person-centred care and sample specific communication. Participants were asked about their experiences and wishes in patient-physician centeredness. Analyses were conducting using a qualitative content analysis strategy.

Results

Mean age was 29.3 years; n = 6 participants identified themselves within the binary gender concept, while n = 4 identified themselves with a non-binary gender. Communication preferences for patient-physician communication were categorised into four themes: general communication aspects (e.g. active listening); the role of gender during appointments (e.g. appropriate/inappropriate addressing); gender-neutral language (e.g. experiences use of gender neutral language by physicians); own communication style (e.g. early outing and justification). Furthermore, possible contextual factors of patient-physician communication where found (e.g. trusting relationship).

Conclusion

Adding knowledge to communication preferences of trans and gender-diverse individuals, this study was able to identify preferences that are specific to the sample as well as preferences that differ from the cis-gendered population. However, it remains unclear how the patient-physician communication preferences affects health care utilization and outcomes.

Trial registration

German Clinical Trial Register (DRKS00026249).
Trust based attachment
Authors: Kates-Harbeck Julian , Nowak Martin
Published: August 2023

In social systems subject to indirect reciprocity, a positive reputation is key for increasing one’s likelihood of future positive interactions [1–13]. The flow of gossip can amplify the impact of a person’s actions on their reputation depending on how widely it spreads across the social network, which leads to a percolation problem [14]. To quantify this notion, we calculate the expected number of individuals, the “audience”, who find out about a particular interaction. For a potential donor, a larger audience constitutes higher reputational stakes, and thus a higher incentive, to perform “good” actions in line with current social norms [7, 15]. For a receiver, a larger audience therefore increases the trust that the partner will be cooperative. This idea can be used for an algorithm that generates social networks, which we call trust based attachment (TBA). TBA produces graphs that share crucial quantitative properties with real-world networks, such as high clustering, small-world behavior, and powerlaw degree distributions [16–21]. We also show that TBA can be approximated by simple friend-of-friend routines based on triadic closure, which are known to be highly effective at generating realistic social network structures [19, 22–25]. Therefore, our work provides a new justification for triadic closure in social contexts based on notions of trust, gossip, and social information spread. These factors are thus identified as potential significant influences on how humans form social ties.
The casts of Pompeii: Post-depositional methodological insights
Authors: Alapont Llorenç , Gallello Gianni , Martinón-Torres Marcos , Osanna Massimo , Amoretti Valeria , Chenery Simon , Ramacciotti Mirco , Jiménez José Luis , Morales Rubio Ángel , Cervera M. Luisa , Pastor Agustín
Published: August 2023

The casts of Pompeii bear witness to the people who died during the Vesuvius 79 AD eruption. However, studies on the cause of death of these victims have not been conclusive. A previous important step is the understanding of the post-depositional processes and the impact of the plaster in bones, two issues that have not been previously evaluated. Here we report on the anthropological and the first chemical data obtained from the study of six casts from Porta Nola area and one from Terme Suburbane. A non-invasive chemical analysis by portable X-ray fluorescence was employed for the first time on these casts of Pompeii to determine the elemental composition of the bones and the plaster. Elemental profiles were determined providing important data that cross-referenced with anthropological and stratigraphic results, are clearly helpful in the reconstruction of the perimortem and post-mortem events concerning the history of these individuals. The comparative analyses carried out on the bone casts and other collections from burned bones of the necropolis of Porta Nola in Pompeii and Rome Sepolcreto Ostiense, and buried bones from Valencia (Spain), reveal the extent of high temperature alteration and post-depositional plaster contamination. These factors make bioarchaeological analyses difficult but still allow us to support asphyxia as the likely cause of death.
Assessing the size of non-Māori-speakers’ active Māori lexicon
Authors: Oh Yoon Mi , Todd Simon , Beckner Clay , Hay Jen , King Jeanette
Published: August 2023

Most non-Māori-speaking New Zealanders are regularly exposed to Māori throughout their lives without seeming to build any extensive Māori lexicon; at best, they know a small number of words which are frequently used and sometimes borrowed into English. Here, we ask how many Māori words non-Māori-speaking New Zealanders know, in two ways: how many can they identify as real Māori words, and how many can they actively define? We show that non-Māori-speaking New Zealanders can readily identify many more Māori words than they can define, and that the number of words they can reliably define is quite small. This result adds crucial support to the idea presented in earlier work that non-Māori-speaking New Zealanders have implicit form-based (proto-lexical) knowledge of many Māori words, but explicit semantic (lexical) knowledge of few. Building on this distinction, we further ask how different levels of word knowledge modulate effects of phonotactic probability on the accessing of that knowledge, across both tasks and participants. We show that participants’ implicit word knowledge leads to effects of phonotactic probability–and related effects of neighbourhood density–in a word/non-word discrimination task, but not in a more explicit task that requires the active definition of words. Similarly, we show that the effects of phonotactic probability on word/non-word discrimination are strong among participants who appear to lack explicit word knowledge, as indicated by their weak discrimination performance, but absent among participants who appear to have explicit word knowledge, as indicated by their strong discrimination performance. Together, these results suggest that phonotactic probability plays its strongest roles in the absence of explicit semantic knowledge.
Field demonstration analyzing the implementation of individual animal electronic identification and genetic testing in western range sheep flocks
Authors: Finzel Julie A. , Brown Austin R. , Busch Roselle C. , Doran Morgan P. , Harper John M. , Macon Daniel K. , Ozeran Rebecca K. , Stegemiller Morgan R. , Isaacs Karissa , Van Eenennaam Alison
Published: August 2023

Adoption of electronic identification ear tags (EID) and DNA testing by commercial range sheep producers in the Western United States has been low, despite the availability of these technologies for over a decade. Jointly, these technologies offer an approach to provide individual animal performance data to improve flock health, genetic and reproductive management. This project involved a collaboration with five California sheep producers representing a broad geographic range, varying levels of pre-project EID adoption, and diverse operational practices. Tissue samples were collected from, and ear EIDs were placed in, a total of 2,936 rams and their potential lambs. We partnered with a commercial packing company, Superior Farms, to genotype the animals. Superior Farms used a targeted genotyping panel to assign parentage, and link individual animal identification (ID) to camera-graded carcass measurements. This enabled the collection of individual progeny carcass data and provided insight into sire performance, providing for the within-flock identification of prolific sires that were producing lambs with significantly more saleable meat as compared to their flock mates. Overall, almost 91% of lambs were successfully matched to their sire, and prolificacy ranging from 0–135 lambs per ram. There was as much as an $80 difference in the average edible product from camera-graded carcasses derived from lamb groups sired by different rams. A partial budget analysis modeling investment in an EID system coupled with an autodrafter and scale to collect individual weights and improve labor efficiency during processing, and a sheep flip chute to improve worker safety during foot trimmings, yielded a greater than 7:1 return on investment over a five-year time frame. Ideally, the data collection enabled by EIDs and DNA testing would feed into data-driven genetic evaluation programs to enable selection for more productive and profitable animals, and allow the US sheep industry to accelerate the rate of genetic improvement.
Get the happiness out–An online experiment on the causal effects of positive emotions on giving
Authors: Köbrich Leon Anja , Schobin Janosch
Published: August 2023

Our study provides new evidence on the impact of positive emotions on voluntary contributions to public goods in a natural setting. Using a lab-in-field experiment, we induce positive incidental emotions randomly and analyze their effects on donations using a dictator game with multiple beneficiaries. Although we find no significant overall effect of positive incidental emotions on donation levels, our results show a significant shift in the allocation of donations towards the host charity. These findings shed light on the complex role of emotions in donation behavior and can provide valuable insights for organizations seeking to increase charitable giving.
LEO satellite assisted UAV distribution using combinatorial bandit with fairness and budget constraints
Authors: Mohamed Ehab Mahmoud
Published: August 2023

In this paper, an integration between a low earth orbit satellite (LEO-Sat) and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is proposed to assist users in post-disaster areas. In this scenario, multiple UAVs will be distributed to fully cover the victims and provide rescue services, while LEO-Sat provides backhaul links for UAVs to the ground base station (GBS). In this regard, we consider the problem of efficient UAVs distribution to maximize the total sum rate of the victims while assuring fairness in their coverage within the limited resources of UAVs batteries and LEO-Sat bandwidth. In this paper, UAV distribution problem is considered as a combinatorial multi-armed bandit (MAB) with arms’ fairness and limited UAVs battery budget (CMAB-FB) constraints. Additionally, the utilization of LEO-Sat bandwidth resources is optimized based on the average traffic demands of the LEO-UAV links by means of gradient decent algorithm. The results of numerical analysis indicate that the proposed approach outperforms other naïve ben chmarks.
A 6. pedagógus kompetencia és teljesítésének megítélése
Authors: Bánné Mészáros Anikó
Published: August 2023

A pedagógusok felé megfogalmazott szakmai elvárásokat az ún. pedagógus kompetenciák tartalmazzák. Ezek közül a 6. a pedagógiai ellenőrzéssel, értékeléssel kapcsolatos elvárásokat írja le. A 2013-ban bevezetett pedagógus kompetenciák közel egy évtizede határozzák meg a pedagógusok munkáját, így indokoltnak tartottuk ezek kutatását. Munkánk célja az volt, hogy átfogó képet kapjunk a 6. kompetencia indikátorainak teljesítéséről/ teljesíthetőségéről. Nem reprezentatív online kérdőíves felmérést végeztünk. Döntő többségében református intézmények pedagógusait, illetve pedagógus hallgatóit értük el, 257 főt. A beérkezett adatokat statisztikai módszerekkel elemeztük (átlag, szórás, ANOVA, korreláció). Arra jutottunk, hogy a 6. kompetenciát a kitöltők nem a legfontosabbak között tartják számon. A 6. kompetencia mind a 10 indikátorának teljesítését jó színvonalon valósítják meg (6-os skálán legalább 4,52-os átlaggal), és ezek az átlagok több esetben is szignifikáns eltérést mutatnak egymástól. A legnehezebben teljesíthetőnek a tantervi tartalmak adaptív alkalmazása (6.1.) és az ellenőrzési eredmények szakszerű elemzése, további felhasználása (6.6.) bizonyult, míg a legkönnyebbnek a tanulóknak rendszeres és egyértelmű, tárgyilagos visszajelzések adása (6.8.). A háttérjellemzők alapján képzett csoportok eredményei között statisztikai számítással kimutatható mértékű eltérések is voltak. Például a 6.5. indikátor esetében (személyre szabott értékelés adása) mind az óvodapedagógusok, mind a tanítók csoportjának átlaga szignifikánsan magasabb érték volt, mint a középiskolai tanárok csoportjában számolt. Azt tapasztaltuk, hogy a budapesti kitöltők eredménye személytelenebb pedagógus-tanuló viszonyt jelez, és ezt nem befolyásolja az sem, hogy milyen munkakörben dolgozik az adott pedagógus. Az indikátorok között közepes és erős korrelációk is előfordultak. A 6.2. és a 6.3. indikátorok között az elképzelhető legszorosabb (k = 1, p < 0,01) kapcsolat volt. Mindkét indikátorban a „változatos” a kulcsszó.
Tanító szakos hallgatók ismeretei a gamifikációról
Authors: Bencéné Fekete Anikó Andrea , Bence-Kiss Krisztina
Published: August 2023

A gamifikáció az oktatás esetében a játékalapú működési elvek, játékesztétika és játéktervezői gondolkodás használata a tanulás elősegítésére, a problémák megoldására (Kapp et al., 2014). 2022-ben végzett kutatásunk célja, annak feltárása, hogy a végzős tanító szakos hallgatók (N=72), milyen ismeretekkel rendelkeznek a gamifikációról. Kutatási kérdéseink arra irányultak, mennyire és milyen tartárgyak esetében, az óra melyik részében tartják hatékonynak a gamifikációt. A leíró statisztikák mellett vizsgáltuk az összefüggést a módszer alkalmazása és a nemek, valamint a gyakorlati hely típusa között. Az eredmények arra mutattak rá, hogy a módszertan kurzusok felkészítik a hallgatókat a gamifikáció alkalmazására, környezetismeret és matematika órán használnák szívesen.
Generációk egymásról – egy levelező tagozatos hallgatók körében végzett felmérés első eredményei –
Authors: Bozsó Renáta , Jármai Erzsébet , Keczer Gabriella
Published: August 2023

Az egyes generációk egymásról alkotott véleményének megismerése elengedhetetlen ahhoz, hogy a felsőoktatásban ösztönözzük az intergenerációs tanulást és megfelelően tudjuk facilitálni a multigenerációs hallgatói csoportok működését, a munkahelyeken pedig elősegítsük a jelenleg aktív négy generáció -- Baby Boomer, X, Y és Z -- kollaborációját. Kutatásunkban azt vizsgáltuk, hogy a Szegedi Tudományegyetem Juhász Gyula Pedagógusképző Karának különböző életkorú levelező tagozatos hallgatói hogyan látják a maguk korcsoportját, illetve a többi generációt a multigenerációs csoportban szerzett élményeik, tapasztalataik alapján, valamint befolyásolja-e az egymással való együttműködési hajlandóságot az életkor. Célunk annak megállapítása volt, hogy a szakirodalmi modellekben és korábbi kutatásokban megjelenő generációs jellemzőket visszaigazolják-e a hallgatói vélemények, illetve kirajzolódnak-e korcsoporthoz köthető különbségek az egyes generációk megítélésben. Felmérésünket önkéntes, anonim, online kérdőív segítségével végeztük 2023 januárjában. A 150, 40 év alattiak és 40 év felettiek véleményét közel azonos arányban reprezentáló válasz alapján megállapítható, hogy a hallgatók véleménye a generációs elméletekben megjelenő állításokat csak kis mértékben igazolja vissza, különösen az X generáció esetében. Ugyanakkor kirajzolódnak olyan, a fiatalabbakra és az idősebbekre inkább jellemző erények, amelyekre érdemes lenne építeni a tanulási-tanítási folyamatban. Annál is inkább, mert a hallgatók partnerválasztási szempontjai között a páros- és csoportmunka során a hasonló életkor nem szerepel, nincs tehát akadálya az intergenerációs együttműködésnek és tanulásnak.
Pályatükör
Authors: Tóthné Aszalai Anett , Konczos Zsófia
Published: August 2023

Egy pedagógus számára a munkába állás első évei nagy változásokkal járnak. Ebben az időszakban kerül egyensúlyba a felsőoktatásban megszerzett elméleti tudás és a mindennapi gyakorlat. Az első munkahelyen kulcsfontosságú a generációk együttműködése, hiszen a tapasztalattal rendelkező szakemberek támaszt és modellt nyújthatnak a fiatalok számára.

Az utóbbi években jelentős méreteket öltött a pályaelhagyás, ez alól a gyógypedagógia területe sem kivétel. A gyógypedagógusok pályaútjával több kutatás is foglalkozott (pl. Balázs és Bass, 2006), ám kimondottan logopédusokra koncentráló felmérés nem ismert. Kutatásunkban a pályakezdő logopédusok társadalmi megbecsülését, elégedettségét kívántuk feltárni.

Kutatási kérdéseink: A diplomaszerzést követően a logopédusok milyen munkaterületeket preferálnak? Milyennek érzik az anyagi-, illetve társadalmi megbecsültségüket? A munkahelyen megvalósuló mentorálás valóban mentorálást jelent-e számukra? A logopédus pályán tervezik-e a jövőjüket?

Az adatgyűjtést 25 kérdésből álló kérdőívvel végeztük. A vizsgálatban 73 fő logopédus vett részt, akik az utóbbi öt évben szerezték meg diplomájukat.

Eredményeinket összegezve az látható, hogy a minta 48%-át mentorálják, többségüknek ez segíti munkáját. A válaszadók 74%-a érzi úgy, hogy anyagilag nem becsülik meg munkájukat, 30%-uk gondolkodik pályaelhagyáson.

Kutatásunk azt mutatja, hogy szükséges a pályakezdő logopédusok támogatási rendszerének átgondolása, jó gyakorlatok kialakítása.
Konfliktusok a generációs tanulás történetében
Authors: Dr. T. Molnár Gizella
Published: August 2023

Manapság egyre több szó esik a generációk közti tanulásról. Mind nagyobb jelentőséggel bír a szervezetekben, a szakirodalomban, a közbeszédben és a médiumokban is. Noha valóban fontos szerepe van különösen a nem formális tanulásban az egymástól való, és a generációk közötti tanulásnak, a jelenség korántsem új, a különböző generációk egymástól tanulása egyidős az emberiséggel. A M. Tomasello által leírt kulturális átadás elmélete szerint az emberi kultúra fejlődése is a generációk együttműködésére épül, a kulturális tanulás megelőzi magát a kultúrát is, és általa válik lehetővé már annak kialakulása is. Különösen nagy jelentőséggel bír a generációs tanulás akkor, amikor kihívásokkal szembesül a társadalom és a megoldandó problémákra újításokkal reagál. Ezeknek új praxissá válásában nagy szerepe van a generációk közötti tanulásnak akár úgy is, hogy az új generációk közvetítik azokat az idősebbek felé. Ez nem mindig zökkenőmentes, az újítások ellenállást is kiválthatnak. Tanulmányunk erre vonatkozóan mutat be néhány kultúrtörténeti példát.
A jószándék elve (The Principle of Charity)
Authors: Mitnyán Lajos
Published: August 2023

A kultúratudományos tanulmány a genereciók viszonyrendszerének hermeneutikai megközelítésével a 20. századi generáció-diskurzus két meghatározó gondolkodójának nézeteiből indul ki. A generációkat kulturális tapasztatokként értelmezi, és ennek során a generációk közötti viszony három alaptípusát mutatja fel. Margaret Mead kulturális antropológiai kutatásaira építve különbséget tesz poszt-, ko- és prefiguratív generációs viszonyok között. A tanulmány a kortárs generációs konfliktusok vizsgálatára koncentrálva a prefiguratív viszonyt vizsgálja meg legrészletesebben, melynek során Byung-Chul Han hiperkultúra-elmélete segítségével kulturális kontextusba helyezi a fogalmat, és megvizsgálja a Z-generáció legfőbb jellemzőit, és azokat a körülményeket, melyek a generációk közötti áthidalhatatlannak tűnő szakadékok kialakulásához vezettek. A hiperkultúra és a Z-generáció kultúratudományos elemzésével arra tesz kísérletet, hogy olyan közös alapokat és élményeket keressen, melyek a kölcsönös megértés forrásai lehetnek.
Towards AI-Augmented Clinical Decision-Making: An Examination of ChatGPT's Utility in Acute Ulcerative Colitis Presentations
Authors: Levartovsky Asaf , Ben-Horin Shomron , Kopylov Uri , Klang Eyal , Barash Yiftach
Published: August 2023

This study explores the potential of OpenAI's ChatGPT as a decision support tool for acute ulcerative colitis presentations in the setting of an emergency department. We assessed ChatGPT's performance in determining disease severity using TrueLove and Witts criteria and the necessity of hospitalization for patients with ulcerative colitis, comparing results with those of expert gastroenterologists. Of 20 cases, ChatGPT's assessments were found to be 80% consistent with gastroenterologist evaluations and indicated a high degree of reliability. This suggests that ChatGPT could provide as a clinical decision support tool in assessing acute ulcerative colitis, serving as an adjunct to clinical judgment.
Caracterização das propriedades dos aminoácidos por meio do Diagrama de Hasse associado ao rotulamento A do código genético
Authors: Fernandes Roberta Siqueira , Oliveira Anderson José de
Published: August 2023

A aplicação de estruturas matemáticas na modelagem do código genético é algo que diversos pesquisadores vêm realizando, buscando caracterizar matematicamente o que o mundo biológico realiza. Dessas estruturas, os reticulados booleanos, diagramas de Hasse e a distância de Hamming, têm sido utilizados no processo de análise de fenômenos mutacionais, possibilitando uma análise físico-química dos aminoácidos, além permitir a caracterização algébrica do código genético. O matemático Claude E. Shannon foi o precursor da teoria de códigos e aplicou elementos de engenharia na biologia. As construções deste trabalho serão realizadas por meio do mapeamento das bases nitrogenadas adenina, citosina, guanina, timina/uracila, {A, C, G, T/U} com o anel Z4= {0, 1, 2, 3}, onde é possível obter 24 permutações, as quais podem ser divididas em 3 rotulamentos (A, B e C), de acordo com as características geométricas dos mesmos. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar a construção dos reticulados booleanos e diagramas de Hasse primal e dual, cujas permutações são, respectivamente 0132 e 2310, do rotulamento A. Dessas construções será realizada uma análise das diferenças e semelhanças físico-químicas dos aminoácidos, por meio da caracterização biológica acerca das construções e dos cálculos das médias das distâncias de Hamming entre os códons, os quais poderão ser utilizados no processo de análise de fenômenos mutacionais.
Códigos BCH aplicados na análise mutacional da enzima mitocondrial ATP6
Authors: Oliveira Alice Noronha de , Oliveira Anderson José de , Pereira Diogo Guilherme
Published: August 2023

Neste trabalho foi utilizado o algoritmo de geração de proteínas, que realiza a construção de códigos BCH, para reproduzir uma sequência de DNA relacionada à enzima mitocondrial ATP6. Este algoritmo permite o estudo de mutações na sequência gerada, bem como a sua identificação, através de códigos corretores de erros. Na reprodução da sequência da enzima mitocondrial ATP6 foi possível observar que ocorre a troca de um nucleotídeo na posição da trinca 17, acarretando em uma mutação não silenciosa. Assim, será analisado como essa alteração pode modificar a arquitetura biológica da sequência gerada. Os resultados dessas análises poderão ser úteis no estudo de mutações genéticas, pois a troca de um aminoácido na enzima ATP6 pode acarretar em algumas doenças genéticas.
Unfiltered air inleakage analysis of the control room envelope of Kuosheng nuclear power plant
Authors: Tsai Yu-Ching , Yang Chun-Wei
Published: August 2023

The control room envelope (CRE) of a nuclear power plant is quite important during all kinds of the accidents. Only with the guaranteed habitability of the CRE, the operators can shut down the reactor safely during an accident with the release of hazardous chemicals or radioactive gases. In this study, Kuosheng nuclear power plant (NPP) in Taiwan had performed the inleakage test by using tracer gas technique, and six cases with different heating, ventilation and air conditioning system (HVAC) lineups were tested in this study. The test results showed that the unfiltered inleakage rate for the pressurization modes ranged from 0.063 m3/s to 0.098 m3/s and were all within the acceptance criteria of 0.212 m3/s. For the isolation modes, the unfiltered inleakage rate ranged from 0.240 m3/s to 0.321 m3/s and were still within the acceptance criteria of 0.944 m3/s. The test result provided useful information to improve the vulnerability of the CRE. It also showed that a decrease in the positive differential pressure of the CRE relative to its surroundings did not inevitably increase the unfiltered inleakage rate of the CRE if the critical boundary, such as the negative differential portions of the ventilation system, were still well sealed.
Crystal structure of phloridzin and its distribution changes in flowering and fruiting stage of Malus rockii
Authors: Bai Hui-Rong , Li Jing , Lang Li-Juan , Hao Yi , Jiang Bei , Xiao Chao-Jiang
Published: August 2023

The exact structure of phloridzin was further confirmed as phloretin 6′-O-glucopyranoside by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiment. The distribution changes of phloridzin in flowering, fruitlet, and fruit ripening phases of Malus rockii were quantified by an HPLC with an external standard. The concentrations of phloridzin in leaves, twigs, and bark and xylem of twigs increased at first and then decreased, and reached the highest value in the fruitlet period. The highest concentration of phloridzin was found in leaves, with the percentage contents of 10.92–14.43 %. What is more, the decreased value of the concentration of phloridzin in leaves from fruit ripening period was almost equivalent to the increased value of the concentration of phloretin. This interesting physiological phenomenon should be able to provide the readers, especially plant physiologists, with a new perspective for the development and utilization of phloridzin.
Adalékok az 1921. évi III. törvénycikk alapján indított büntetőperekhez
Authors: Lehotay Veronika
Published: August 2023

At the beginning of the period between the two world wars, new categories were introduced in criminal law (such as national hate speech and national defamation) based on the provisions of the Act III of 1921. These categories enabled to prosecute the enemies of the system or to silence the people who criticized the system in some way. Many of the 'accused' were peasants living in difficult conditions and poverty, as well as workers and industrialist. Besides them there were also writers who depicted inhumane living conditions in their works, thus they had to answer in court. The cases presented in this study serve as examples to illustrate these procedures.
Using Python to Analyze Multiple Countermovement Vertical Jumps over Time
Authors: Smith J. Chadwick
Published: August 2023

Countermovement vertical jumps (CMVJs) can be used for athletic monitoring. When performed on a force plate, biomechanical variables can be obtained to identify factors relating to performance. Commercially available software can be purchased to analyze metrics relating to CMVJs. Users are typically limited to metrics provided by these “black box” setups. However, some commercial products provide export functions for users to manipulate raw data. These programs often require additional components to complete the analysis, which could be cost prohibitive. The purpose of this article is to compare using Excel, MATLAB, R, and Python to analyze multiple CMVJ trials, so practitioners have more control over how metrics are determined rather than relying on the “black box” setup with or without the expense of third-party proprietary software. This guide will introduce Python by presenting a template for analyzing force plate jump data. Strategies for reading files, filtering data, calculating biomechanical variables, graphically representing data, and writing results to a master data file will be discussed. Although the provided script can be used to analyze CMVJ data by itself, it can be modified to include other metrics the practitioner wishes to include in their setting (see Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/SCJ/A383).
Molding the Fear: Representations of Fatherhood in Clay by Violent Men
Authors: Lev Michal , Klein Israella , Barzilay Daniella , Salmon Renana
Published: August 2023

This article presents an artistic inquiry among three students during an art-based research course in the art therapy master’s program at Ono Academy, Israel. Their collaboration focused on composing inquiry modes that could explore paternal representations of violent men that arise in artmaking with clay. Three fathers who took part in an abuse-prevention art therapy group, their group facilitator as a witness, and the three student-researchers participated in the project. The paper focuses on the research method that comprised artmaking with clay, a questionnaire, observations, and discussions. Two main themes arose within the study: coexisting contrasts and false perfection as well as a gained sense of success and assurance that could project onto their perceptions of parenting. The project highlights the significance of artmaking with clay as a research tool and as a potential prophylactic treatment for preventing domestic violence.
Bioelectrical impedance analysis and change disability post physiotherapy for patients with lower back pain attending rehabilitation care unit in Erbil
Authors: Burkan Aldhahi Reem , Qader Omer Dler , Rahman Sulaiman Sherwan
Published: August 2023

Background and objective: Determining the relationship between body compartments and Lower Back Pain (LBP) will increase our understanding about how body compartments can affect LBP disability. This study aimed to assess the association between body compartments and LBP disability pre and post-physiotherapy. Methods: A prospective study conducted in the main two governmental physiotherapy departments in Erbil. One Hundred patients were diagnosed with LBP and referred to physiotherapy units. All patients were assessed before starting physiotherapy and body compartments were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BEIA). LBP disability was measured for each patient by a modified Oswestry disability index (ODI). After completing six sessions of physiotherapy all patients were reassessed regarding body composition, obesity measures, and LBP disability. Results: Regarding the body fat percentage (BFP), 61% of females and 56.7% of males were obese. Results showed a positive significant correlation (P = 0.013) between BFP and LBP disability after physiotherapy, while a negative significant correlation (P = 0.026) between total body water (TBW) and LBP disability. There was a significant improvement in disability after physiotherapy (P <0.001). Eleven percent of patients succeeded to reach minimal clinically important difference (MCID ≥ 30%). Body composition and other obesity measurements were not significantly different before and after physiotherapy. Conclusions: LBP disability is positively associated with BFP and negatively associated with TBW. The physiotherapy protocol performed in the physiotherapy units was able to significantly improve disability although a low number of patients reached MCID ≥ 30%. Body compartments were not significantly different before and after physiotherapy.
Pregnancy‐induced transfer of pathogen‐specific T cells from mother to fetus in mice
Authors: Yüzen Dennis , Urbschat Christopher , Schepanski Steven , Thiele Kristin , Arck Petra C , Mittrücker Hans‐Willi
Published: August 2023

Neonatal health is determined by the transfer of maternal antibodies from the mother to the fetus. Besides antibodies, maternal cells cross the placental barrier and seed into fetal organs. Contrary to maternal antibodies, maternal microchimeric cells (MMc) show a high longevity, as they can persist in the offspring until adulthood. Recent evidence highlights that MMc leukocytes promote neonatal immunity against early‐life infections in mice and humans. As shown in mice, this promotion of immunity was attributable to an improved fetal immune development. Besides this indirect effect, MMc may be pathogen‐specific and thus, directly clear pathogen threats in the offspring postnatally. By using ovalbumin recombinant Listeria monocytogenes (LmOVA), we here provide evidence that OVA‐specific T cells are transferred from the mother to the fetus, which is associated with increased activation of T cells and a milder course of postnatal infection in the offspring. Our data highlight that maternally‐derived passive immunity of the neonate is not limited to antibodies, as MMc have the potential to transfer immune memory between generations.
Copeptin levels increase in response to both insulin-induced hypoglycemia and arginine but not to clonidine: data from GH-stimulation tests
Authors: Stankovic Jelena , Kristensen Kurt , Birkebæk Niels , Jørgensen Jens Otto Lunde , Søndergaard Esben
Published: August 2023

Background

The diagnosis of the polyuria–polydipsia syndrome is challenging. Copeptin is a robust biomarker of arginine vasopressin (AVP) secretion. Arginine, which stimulates growth hormone (GH), has been shown also to stimulate copeptin secretion via unknown mechanisms.

Aim

The aim was to investigate copeptin levels in response to three different GH stimulation tests in patients suspected of GH deficiency.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, we measured plasma copeptin levels at baseline and at 60, 105, and 150 min in patients undergoing a stimulation test for growth hormone deficiency with either arginine (n = 16), clonidine (n = 8) or the insulin tolerance test (ITT) (n = 10).

Results

In patients undergoing the arginine test, the mean age was 9 years, and 10 years for clonidine. The ITT was only performed in adult patients (>18 years) with a mean age of 49 years. Copeptin level increased significantly from baseline to 60 min after arginine (P <0.01) and ITT (P < 0.01). By contrast, copeptin level tended to decrease after clonidine stimulation (P = 0.14).

Conclusion

These data support that infusion of arginine increases plasma copeptin levels and reveal a comparable response after an ITT. We hypothesize that the underlying mechanism is abrogation of somatostatin-induced AVP suppression.
Advantages and disadvantages of connected insulin pens in diabetes management
Authors: Lingen Kathryn , Pikounis Talia , Bellini Natalie , Isaacs Diana
Published: August 2023

Insulin administration remains vital to the treatment of diabetes and although there have been advances in insulin delivery, evidence suggests that many people with diabetes on insulin therapy have suboptimal glycemic management. Recent advancements in insulin administration techniques include connected insulin devices, such as connected insulin pens and pen caps. In this review, we provide an overview of the literature on the use of connected insulin pens and pen caps to further elucidate the clinical benefits and drawbacks of these devices. We discuss the development of these devices, outlining the characteristics of insulin pens and pen caps with regulatory approvals. These devices have different features that can ease the burden of diabetes management, including automatic recording of insulin dose information, tracking of insulin-on-board, bolus calculators, and missed dose alerts. Despite the advantages of connected pens and pen caps, a small percentage of insulin users are currently using these devices, due to many factors, including lack of health-care professional awareness, initial training for prescribers, and setup of the device. Overcoming these barriers and publishing more data demonstrating the glycemic outcomes associated with these systems could improve diabetes management for people living with diabetes. As health-care systems become increasingly digital, connected insulin pens have the potential to allow a data-driven approach to diabetes management for people who are not interested in, cannot afford, or do not have intensive insulin regimens that might warrant use of insulin pumps or automated insulin delivery systems.
Investigating the effects of accumulation of lead and cadmium metals in fish and its impact on human health
Authors: Vajargah Mohammad Forouhar , Azar Hananeh
Published: August 2023

The spread of various types of pollution, including heavy metals in water sources, has caused many marine and freshwater ecosystems and their living organisms, especially fish, to be negatively affected. Heavy metals are naturally found in very low concentrations in the water environment, but their concentration has increased due to human activities. Heavy metal poisoning can have many effects on human health and damage the functioning of organs such as the brain, kidneys, lungs, liver, and blood. The toxicity of heavy metals such as lead and cadmium can have acute or chronic effects, since the fishing industry provides part of the food needs of society, the transfer of various pollutants such as heavy metals through the food chain to the human body can be a threat to health.be considered a human society.
DAKWAH EKONOMI DALAM KITAB KUNING Konsepsi Syaikh Muhammad Nawawi Mengenai Manajemen Distribusi Zakat
Authors: Yakin Syamsul
Published: August 2023

The kitab kuning (pre-modern book) has been primary references of islamic studies in Indonesia. The kitab kuning content covers a variety of topics such as zakat. Zakat  is the third pillar of Islam. Unlike the other pillars of Islam, zakat has both personal and social dimensions. This study aims to describe and find the relevance of the zakat concepts in kitab kuning to the modern concepts about management of zakat distribution. The research studied Syaikh Muhammad Nawawi’s conception on management of zakat distribution in his fikih works such as Kaasyifah al-Sajaa and Tafsir Munir. The study used descriptive qualitative methods to provide an overview of the kitab kuning conception on management of zakat distribution. The result of this study showed that the management of zakat distribution  in kitab kuning conceptions are still conventional. While some concepts contain ideas that are relevant to the context modern management of zakat distribution.
Pembinaan Keagamaan Santri Transpuan Pada Pondok Pesantren Waria Al-Fatah Yogyakarta
Authors: Suparto Suparto , Nisa Khoerun
Published: August 2023

Pondok Pesantren Waria Al-Fatah merupakan pondok yang dijadikan penghubung layanan jejaring dan advokasi untuk komunitas waria dan institusi lainnyat. Di dalam proses pendidikannya, pondok pesantren ini menjadi salah satu pusat sosial dan pendidikan utama untuk santri waria di Yogyakarta. Melalui artikel ini penulis mendeskripsikan penerimaan diri kelompok transpuan ini melalui program bimbingan keagamaan. Bimbingan keagamaan yang dilaksanakan dalam pesantren ini diupayakan untuk menggerakan dimensi bathiniyah dan lahiriyah para santri untuk menjadi insan yang lebih baik. Mereka di pesantren ini diakui sebagai manusia utuh yang mampu berperan dalam ranah sosial sekaligus memenuhi kebutuhan spiritualnya. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus, dengan menggunakan sumber data primer yang terdiri dari pembina, pengasuh, pembimbing agama, santri, dan warga. Sumber sekundernya yaitu berupa buku-buku, jurnal, dan laporan penelitian terkait. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa bimbingan keagamaan merupakan faktor penting dalam proses penerimaan diri santri. Bimbingan keagamaan yang diimplementasikan di pesantren ini menggunakan group guidance dengan penguatan spiritual serta metode direktif melalui pengajian kitab Bulughul Marom dan Bidayatul Hidayah oleh pembimbing agama di Pondok Pesantren Waria Al-fatah Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta.
Reducing Severe Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Preterm Infants With Improved Care Bundle Adherence
Authors: Kolnik Sarah E. , Upadhyay Kirtikumar , Wood Thomas R. , Juul Sandra E. , Valentine Gregory C.
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Intraventricular hemorrhage prevention bundles (IVHPBs) can decrease the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in premature infants. Our center had a high rate of severe (grade III/IV) IVH (9.8%), and poor adherence (24%) to an IVHPB in neonates born ≤1250 g or ≤30 gestational weeks. Improvement initiatives were planned to decrease the incidence of severe IVH by 30% over 2 years.

METHODS

A multidisciplinary team undertook interventions including in-service training, prompt initiation of IVHPB, revision of guidelines, and process standardization. Baseline data were collected from May 2016 to June 2018, with interventions occurring from July 2018 to May 2020. Adherence to the IVHPB was the primary process measure, and incidence of severe IVH the primary outcome measure. Control charts were used to analyze the effect of interventions on outcome. Balancing measures included use of breast milk at discharge, use of mechanical ventilation after initial resuscitation, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

RESULTS

A total of 240 infants were assessed preintervention, and 185 during interventions. Adherence to the IVHPB improved from 24% to 88%. During this period, the incidence of severe IVH decreased from 9.8% to 2.4%, a 76% reduction from baseline. A higher adherence score was associated with reduced odds of IVH (odds ratio 0.30; 95% confidence interval 0.10–0.90, P = .03).

CONCLUSIONS

Interventions focused on enhancing adherence to an IVHPB were associated with a reduced rate of severe IVH in high-risk neonates, highlighting the importance of assessing adherence to clinical guidelines.
Prevention of professional burnout of nurses while palliative and hospice care delivering
Authors:   Kremenets Medical Professional College named after Arsen Richinsky, Ukraine, Mazur P.Ye. , Batiukh O.V. ,   Kremenets Medical Professional College named after Arsen Richinsky, Ukraine
Published: August 2023

The risk of burnout syndrome ranks one of the leading places among nurses, especially at the primary care level and in palliative and hospice care units. In the article are reflected results of the study of emotional resources, «organizational precursors of burnout», also are discussed clinical manifestations and methods of prevention of professional burnout syndrome in nurses. As a part of the educational process for the prevention of this condition, the primary task is to train students and medical personnel, help in organizing work in specific institutions in order to carry out preventive or corrective measures. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.