bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Regulatory View on Smart City Services
Authors: Weber Mario , Podnar Žarko Ivana
Published: January 2019

Even though various commercial Smart City solutions are widely available on the market, we are still witnessing their rather limited adoption, where solutions are typically bound to specific verticals or remain in pilot stages. In this paper we argue that the lack of a Smart City regulatory framework is one of the major obstacles for a wider adoption of Smart City services in practice. Such framework should be accompanied by examples of good practice which stress the necessity of adopting interoperable Smart City services. Development and deployment of Smart City services can incur significant costs to cities, service providers and sensor manufacturers, and thus it is vital to adjust national legislation to ensure legal certainty to all stakeholders, and at the same time to protect interests of the citizens and the state. Additionally, due to a vast number of heterogeneous devices and Smart City services, both existing and future, their interoperability becomes vital for service replicability and massive deployment leading to digital transformation of future cities. The paper provides a classification of technical and regulatory characteristics of IoT services for Smart Cities which are mapped to corresponding roles in the IoT value chain. Four example use cases are chosen—Smart Parking, Smart Metering, Smart Street Lighting and Mobile Crowd Sensing—to showcase the legal implications relevant to each service. Based on the analysis, we propose a set of recommendations for each role in the value chain related to regulatory requirements of the aforementioned Smart City services. The analysis and recommendations serve as examples of good practice in hope that they will facilitate a wider adoption and longevity of IoT-based Smart City services.
In-Fiber Collimator-Based Fabry-Perot Interferometer with Enhanced Vibration Sensitivity
Authors: Du Bin , Xu Xizhen , He Jun , Guo Kuikui , Huang Wei , Zhang Fengchan , Zhang Min , Wang Yiping
Published: January 2019

A simple vibration sensor is proposed and demonstrated based on an optical fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) with an in-fiber collimator. The device was fabricated by splicing a quarter-pitch graded index fiber (GIF) with a section of a hollow-core fiber (HCF) interposed between single mode fibers (SMFs). The static displacement sensitivity of the FPI with an in-fiber collimator was 5.17 × 10−4 μm−1, whereas the maximum static displacement sensitivity of the device without collimator was 1.73 × 10−4 μm−1. Moreover, the vibration sensitivity of the FPI with the collimator was 60.22 mV/g at 100 Hz, which was significantly higher than the sensitivity of the FPI without collimator (11.09 mV/g at 100 Hz). The proposed FPI with an in-fiber collimator also exhibited a vibration sensitivity nearly one order of magnitude higher than the device without the collimator at frequencies ranging from 40 to 200 Hz. This low-cost FPI sensor is highly-sensitive, robust and easy to fabricate. It could potentially be used for vibration monitoring in remote and harsh environments.
Prevalence of Cyberstalking and Previous Offline Victimization in a Sample of Italian University Students
Authors: acquadro maran daniela , begotti tatiana
Published: January 2019

Cyberstalking has been defined as the use of electronic communication devices (including the Internet and email) to stalk another person. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of cyberstalking between victims of cyberstalking and victims of cyberstalking and previous offline victimization in their lifetimes. Our hypothesis was that cyberstalking had an impact on victims’ wellbeing and contributed to increases in physical and emotional symptoms, anxiety and depression, and that those symptoms increased in victims who had suffered previous offline victimization. In an effort to investigate the effects of cyberstalking, a questionnaire was self-administered to 229 Italian students. A total of 107 participants (46.7%) indicated that they had been victims of cyberstalking. Seventy-two of them (67.3%) were victims of both cyberstalking and other forms of offline victimization in their lifetimes. Overall, our findings showed that the prevalence of cyberstalking in our sample was higher than in previous investigations. With regard to consequences, victims indicated higher scores for depression and anxiety than non-victims. In particular, victims of cyberstalking and previous offline victimization in their lifetimes experienced more depression and symptoms of trait anxiety than victims of cyberstalking only and non-victims. This investigation suggests the importance of preventing cyberstalking and offering support to victims of cyberstalking.
Do Obese Children Achieve Maximal Heart Rate during Treadmill Running?
Authors: Berntsen Sveinung , Edvardsen Elisabeth , Gerbi Shlomi , Kolsgaard Magnhild L. , Anderssen Sigmund A.
Published: January 2019

Objective: Maximal heart rate (HR) is commonly defined as the highest HR obtained during a progressive exercise test to exhaustion. Maximal HR is considered one of the criteria to assess maximum exertion in exercise tests, and is broadly used when prescribing exercise intensity. The aim of the present study was to compare peak HR measurements during maximal treadmill running and active play in obese children and adolescents. Design: Comparison of peak heart rate during active play vs. maximal treadmill running in 39 (7–17 years old, 18 males) obese children and adolescents. Methods: Heart rate was recorded during intensive active play sessions, as well as during a progressive running test on a treadmill until exhaustion. HR, respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and oxygen uptake were continuously measured during the test. The criteria for having reached maximal effort was a subjective assessment by the technician that the participants had reached his or her maximal effort, and a RER above 1.00 or reporting perceived exertion (RPE) above 17 using the Borg-RPE6–20-Scale. Results: Thirty-four children had a RER ≥1.00, and 37 reported a RPE ≥ 17. Thirty-two children fulfilled both criteria. During active play, peak HR was significantly (p < 0.0001) increased (4%) (mean and 95% confidence intervals; 204 (201, 207) beats/min), compared to during maximal treadmill running (196 (194, 199) beats/min), respectively. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that peak heart rate measurements during progressive running to exhaustion in obese children and adolescents cannot necessarily be determined as maximal heart rate.
Assessing the Opportunities and Challenges of Green Finance in Italy: An Analysis of the Biomass Production Sector
Authors: Falcone Pasquale Marcello , Sica Edgardo
Published: January 2019

The present paper provides empirical evidence of the opportunities and challenges surrounding green finance (GF), looking at the financial issues that might prevent the investment decisions of green companies. To this end, we explore the case of Italian biomass producers by means of a discourse analysis supported by a survey administered to a pool of experts. Although our findings suggest that GF provides an opportunity for achieving environmentally sustainable innovation pathways, experts recognize that it does not actually prevent biomass producers from facing institutional and financial criticalities in funding their investment projects. Such criticalities include: uncertainty about government policies, the minimal involvement of financial suppliers in the biomass sector, the short-term orientation of financial instruments and the limited knowledge of financing options and technical expertise within companies. The results indicate that effective policy interventions should ensure that objectives are orientated towards the long term with the aim of reducing the risks perceived by financial institutions in funding biomass producers.
Comparative Analysis of the Energy Sector Development Trends and Forecast of Final Energy Demand in the Baltic States
Authors: Miskinis Vaclovas , Galinis Arvydas , Konstantinaviciute Inga , Lekavicius Vidas , Neniskis Eimantas
Published: January 2019

The paper provides a comparative analysis of economic growth in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania and discusses differences in development of the main sectors during the period 2000–2016. Based on detailed analysis of energy sector development, the driving factors influencing changes in primary energy consumption in each country and in the Baltic region are discovered. Increase of renewable energy sources (RES) consumption in the Baltic region over this period by 73.6% is emphasized. The paper presents valuable insights from analysis of trends in final energy consumption by sectors of the national economies, branches of the manufacturing sector, and by energy carriers. Long-term relationships between economic growth and final energy consumption are established. An econometric model was applied to predict final energy demand in the Baltic States for the 2020 horizon. It is emphasized that growing activities in the manufacturing and transport sectors will cause increase of final energy demand in all three countries. Based on detailed analysis of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions trends some positive shifts are shown and the necessity of new policies in the transport sector and agriculture is identified. Changes of emission intensity indicators are examined and a potential for decoupling of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from economic growth in Estonia is indicated.
Why Do Sustainable Mergers Fail to Manage Entrepreneurship?
Authors: Sarabia María , Crecente Fernando , Castaño Rafael
Published: January 2019

This paper proposes a conceptual model using four failed mergers (Federated -Fingerhut, KCPL and Western Resources, Daimler–Chrysler and Alcatel–Lucent) and distinguishes two types of dimensions: type of failure (tangible and intangible) and degree of failure (fixable and unfixable). Using case studies as a research strategy and focusing on the Alcatel–Lucent merger, as an example of an idiosyncratic type of “merger of equals”, the model identifies the entrepreneurial conflict variable as a missed step for obtaining a sustainable merger process over time.
Spatial Analysis of Social Vulnerability to Floods Based on the MOVE Framework and Information Entropy Method: Case Study of Katsushika Ward, Tokyo
Authors: Lianxiao Lianxiao , Morimoto Takehiro
Published: January 2019

Tokyo is located in a lowland area that is vulnerable to flooding. Due to global climate change, the scalability and frequency of flooding is increasing. On the other hand, population aging and family structural changes, as well as the lack of adaptation measures, would accelerate flooding vulnerability. The key factors involved in social vulnerability must be studied to reduce the risk of flooding. In this study, we refer to the MOVE framework (a disaster vulnerability assessment framework) and analyze it from three perspectives: Exposure to social vulnerability, susceptibility, and resilience. We subsequently develop an index system to complete the evaluation using 11 indicators. The collected data will help reveal social vulnerability to floods in the Katsushika Ward, Tokyo, using the information entropy method and GIS. We found that the western region of the Katsushika Ward is at more risk than the eastern region during flooding. Additionally, the possibility of a serious crisis erupting is greater in the southwestern region than in the northwestern region. Consequently, we conclude that the spatial distribution of flooding varies in the region. The results of this study will help in understanding social vulnerability, in selecting and combining adaptation measures suited to the characteristics of the area, and in the effective and efficient implementation of these measures by the local government’s disaster department.
Application of Artificial Neural Networks for Multi-Criteria Yield Prediction of Winter Rapeseed
Authors: Niedbała Gniewko
Published: January 2019

The aim of the work was to produce three independent, multi-criteria models for the prediction of winter rapeseed yield. Each of the models was constructed in such a way that the yield prediction can be carried out on three dates: April 15th, May 31st, and June 30th. For model building, artificial neural networks with multi-layer perceptron (MLP) topology were used, on the basis of meteorological data (temperature and precipitation) and information about mineral fertilisation. The data were collected from the years, 2008–2015, from 328 production fields located in Greater Poland, Poland. An assessment of the quality of forecasts produced based on neural models was verified by determination of forecast errors using RAE (relative approximation error), RMS (root mean square error), MAE (mean absolute error) error indicators, and MAPE (mean absolute percentage error). An important feature of the produced prediction models is the ability to realize the forecast in the current agrotechnical year on the basis of the current weather and fertiliser information. The lowest MAPE error values were obtained for the neural model WR15_04 (April 15th) based on the MLP network with structure 15:15-18-11-1:1, which reached 7.51%. Other models reached MAPE errors of 7.85% for model WR31_05 (May 31st) and 8.12% for model WR30_06 (June 30th). The performed sensitivity analysis gave information about the factors that have the greatest impact on winter rapeseed yields. The highest rank of 1 was obtained by two networks for the same independent variable in the form of the sum of precipitation within a period from September 1st to December 31st of the previous year. However, in model WR15_04, the highest rank obtained a feature in the form of a sum of molybdenum fertilization in the current year (MO_CY). The models of winter rapeseed yield produced in the work will be the basis for the construction of new forecasting tools, which may be an important element of precision agriculture and the main element of decision support systems.
Strategic and Operational Levels of CSR Marketing Communication for Sustainable Orientation of a Company: A Case Study from Bangladesh
Authors: Zatwarnicka-Madura Beata , Siemieniako Dariusz , Glińska Ewa , Sazonenka Yauheniya
Published: January 2019

Companies’ increasing social awareness has led to the development of a corporate social responsibility orientation, whose implementation impacts on their overall marketing communication, both at its strategic and operational levels. The issue of integration of both levels is recognized as a research gap and is thus, the main interest of this article. A company’s CSR orientation depends on the context of social problems, specifically in our case, the need for women’s empowerment as well as the creation of sustainable (socially and environmentally) workplace conditions in Bangladesh. The aim of the paper is to investigate and propose ways of integrating strategic and operational levels of CSR marketing communication. We applied the case study research method and specifically with the use of exploratory and descriptive methods, which posits this study within the logic of abductive approach, representing a creative and pragmatic process. The results refer, on the one hand, to the proposition of CSR and sustainable orientation of the one-page strategic plan, but on the other to the merging of the commercial and non-commercial activities of Aarong, a Bangladesh based company. Relying on the one-page strategic plan (OPSP) as a tool of marketing communication at the strategic level, we demonstrated the process of creating a video script scenario as a useful tool at the operational level of marketing communication. The proposed approach to building marketing communication around CSR and sustainable orientation makes the marketing communication consistent and clearer to the audience.
The Existence of Symmetric Positive Solutions of Fourth-Order Elastic Beam Equations
Authors: Tuz Münevver
Published: January 2019

In this study, we consider the eigenvalue problems of fourth-order elastic beam equations. By using Avery and Peterson’s fixed point theory, we prove the existence of symmetric positive solutions for four-point boundary value problem (BVP). After this, we show that there is at least one positive solution by applying the fixed point theorem of Guo-Krasnosel’skii.
Positive Solutions of a Fractional Thermostat Model with a Parameter
Authors: Hao Xinan , Zhang Luyao
Published: January 2019

We study the existence, multiplicity, and uniqueness results of positive solutions for a fractional thermostat model. Our approach depends on the fixed point index theory, iterative method, and nonsymmetry property of the Green function. The properties of positive solutions depending on a parameter are also discussed.
Urban Sprawl in Inner Medium-Sized Cities: The Behaviour in Some Spanish Cases Since the Beginning of the 21st Century
Authors: Cebrián Abellán Francisco , Sánchez Ondoño Irene
Published: January 2019

The processes of urban sprawl that have been present over the past two decades in the different strata of the urban hierarchy have also affected, as a whole, medium-sized cities. The urban sprawl has been particularly pronounced during the period of expansive Spanish urbanism, in which many of the municipalities situated in the vicinities of large cities have been affected by major demographic dynamics and (sub)urbanisation development outside the traditional city limits. Sometimes, these processes have been greater than the nearby cities in the urban area where they are inserted. In this study, we examine the general mechanisms identified within an urban crown size (within a radius of 30 km) and at the scale of the municipality, based on an analysis of two distinct periods: one linked to a strong growth dynamic (2000–2008), and another related to subsequent crisis (2009–2016). A group of 23 inner medium-sized Spanish cities has been analysed, taking into account the trends of the population, the surface of unbuilt plots, the built surface, and the amount of housing. We have identified the typologies of their respective urban areas over the two periods considered.
A Victorivirus and Two Novel Mitoviruses Co-Infected the Plant Pathogen Nigrospora oryzae
Authors: Liu Hong , Liu Rui , Li Chang Xin , Wang Hui , Zhu Hong Jian , Gao Bi Da , Zhou Qian , Zhong Jie
Published: January 2019

Three dsRNAs, in sizes of approximately 2.5–5 kbp, were detected in the plant pathogenic fungus Nigrospora oryzae strain CS-7.5-4. Genomic analysis showed that the 5.0 kb dsRNA was a victorivirus named as Nigrospora oryzae victorivirus 2 (NoRV2). The genome of NoRV2 was 5166 bp in length containing two overlapping open reading frames (ORFs), ORF1 and ORF2. ORF1 was deduced to encode a coat protein (CP) showing homology to the CPs of viruses belonging to the Totiviridae family. The stop codon of ORF1 and the start codon of ORF2 were overlapped by the tetranucleotide sequence AUGA. ORF2 was predicted to encode an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), which was highly similar to the RdRps of victoriviruses. Virus-like particle examination demonstrated that the genome of NoRV2 was solely encapsidated by viral particles with a diameter of approximately 35 nm. The other two dsRNAs that were less than 3.0 kb were predicted to be the genomes of two mitoviruses, named as Nigrospora oryzae mitovirus 1 (NoMV1) and Nigrospora oryzae mitovirus 2 (NoMV2). Both NoMV1 and NoMV2 were A-U rich and with lengths of 2865 and 2507 bp, respectively. Mitochondrial codon usage inferred that each of the two mitoviruses contains a major large ORF encoding a mitoviral RdRp. Horizontal transfer experiments showed that the NoMV1 and NoMV2 could be cotransmitted horizontally via hyphal contact to other virus-free N. oryzae strains and causes phenotypic change to the recipient, such as an increase in growth rate. This is the first report of mitoviruses in N. oryzae.
The Incorporation of Host Proteins into the External HIV-1 Envelope
Authors: Burnie Jonathan , Guzzo Christina
Published: January 2019

The incorporation of biologically active host proteins into HIV-1 is a well-established phenomenon, particularly due to the budding mechanism of viral egress in which viruses acquire their external lipid membrane directly from the host cell. While this mechanism might seemingly imply that host protein incorporation is a passive uptake of all cellular antigens associated with the plasma membrane at the site of budding, this is not the case. Herein, we review the evidence indicating that host protein incorporation can be a selective and conserved process. We discuss how HIV-1 virions displaying host proteins on their surface can exhibit a myriad of altered phenotypes, with notable impacts on infectivity, homing, neutralization, and pathogenesis. This review describes the canonical and emerging methods to detect host protein incorporation, highlights the well-established host proteins that have been identified on HIV-1 virions, and reflects on the role of these incorporated proteins in viral pathogenesis and therapeutic targeting. Despite many advances in HIV treatment and prevention, there remains a global effort to develop increasingly effective anti-HIV therapies. Given the broad range of biologically active host proteins acquired on the surface of HIV-1, additional studies on the mechanisms and impacts of these incorporated host proteins may inform the development of novel treatments and vaccine designs.
Design and Preclinical Development of a Phage Product for the Treatment of Antibiotic-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections
Authors: Lehman Susan M. , Mearns Gillian , Rankin Deborah , Cole Robert A. , Smrekar Frenk , Branston Steven D. , Morales Sandra
Published: January 2019

Bacteriophages, viruses that only kill specific bacteria, are receiving substantial attention as nontraditional antibacterial agents that may help alleviate the growing antibiotic resistance problem in medicine. We describe the design and preclinical development of AB-SA01, a fixed-composition bacteriophage product intended to treat Staphylococcus aureus infections. AB-SA01 contains three naturally occurring, obligately lytic myoviruses related to Staphylococcus phage K. AB-SA01 component phages have been sequenced and contain no identifiable bacterial virulence or antibiotic resistance genes. In vitro, AB-SA01 killed 94.5% of 401 clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates, including methicillin-resistant and vancomycin-intermediate ones for a total of 95% of the 205 known multidrug-resistant isolates. The spontaneous frequency of resistance to AB-SA01 was ≤3 × 10−9, and resistance emerging to one component phage could be complemented by the activity of another component phage. In both neutropenic and immunocompetent mouse models of acute pneumonia, AB-SA01 reduced lung S. aureus populations equivalently to vancomycin. Overall, the inherent characteristics of AB-SA01 component phages meet regulatory and generally accepted criteria for human use, and the preclinical data presented here have supported production under good manufacturing practices and phase 1 clinical studies with AB-SA01.
Double-Stranded RNA High-Throughput Sequencing Reveals a New Cytorhabdovirus in a Bean Golden Mosaic Virus-Resistant Common Bean Transgenic Line
Authors: Alves-Freitas Dione M. T. , Pinheiro-Lima Bruna , Faria Josias C. , Lacorte Cristiano , Ribeiro Simone G. , Melo Fernando L.
Published: January 2019

Using double-strand RNA (dsRNA) high-throughput sequencing, we identified five RNA viruses in a bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV)-resistant common bean transgenic line with symptoms of viral infection. Four of the identified viruses had already been described as infecting common bean (cowpea mild mottle virus, bean rugose mosaic virus, Phaseolus vulgaris alphaendornavirus 1, and Phaseolus vulgaris alphaendornavirus 2) and one is a putative new plant rhabdovirus (genus Cytorhabdovirus), tentatively named bean-associated cytorhabdovirus (BaCV). The BaCV genome presented all five open reading frames (ORFs) found in most rhabdoviruses: nucleoprotein (N) (ORF1) (451 amino acids, aa), phosphoprotein (P) (ORF2) (445 aa), matrix (M) (ORF4) (287 aa), glycoprotein (G) (ORF5) (520 aa), and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L) (ORF6) (114 aa), as well as a putative movement protein (P3) (ORF3) (189 aa) and the hypothetical small protein P4. The predicted BaCV proteins were compared to homologous proteins from the closest cytorhabdoviruses, and a low level of sequence identity (15–39%) was observed. The phylogenetic analysis shows that BaCV clustered with yerba mate chlorosis-associated virus (YmCaV) and rice stripe mosaic virus (RSMV). Overall, our results provide strong evidence that BaCV is indeed a new virus species in the genus Cytorhabdovirus (family Rhabdoviridae), the first rhabdovirus to be identified infecting common bean.
Relationship between Soil Salinization and Groundwater Hydration in Yaoba Oasis, Northwest China
Authors: Cui Guoqing , Lu Yudong , Zheng Ce , Liu Zhiheng , Sai Jiamei
Published: January 2019

Precipitation is scarce and evaporation is intense in desert areas. Groundwater is used as the main water source to develop agriculture in the oases. However, the effects of using groundwater on the ecological environment elicit widespread public concern. This study investigated the relationship between soil salinity and groundwater characteristics in Yaoba Oasis through in situ experiments. The relationship of the mineral content, pH, and main ion content of groundwater with soil salt was quantitatively evaluated through a gray relational analysis. Four main results were obtained. First, the fresh water area with low total dissolved solid (TDS) was usually HCO3− or SO42− type water, and salt water was mostly Cl− and SO42−. The spatial distribution of main ions in groundwater during winter irrigation in November was basically consistent with that during spring irrigation in June. However, the spatial distribution of TDS differed in the two seasons. Second, soil salinization in the study area was severe, and the salinization rate reached 72.7%. In this work, the spatial variability of soil salinization had a relatively large value, and the values in spring were greater than those in autumn. Third, the soil in the irrigated area had a high salt content, and the salt ion content of surface soil was higher than that of subsoil. A piper trilinear diagram revealed that Ca2+ and K+ + Na+ were the main cations. SO42−, Cl−, and HCO3− were the main anions, and salinization soil mainly contained SO42−. Fourth, the changes in soil salt and ion contents in the 0–10 cm soil layer were approximately similar to those of irrigation water quality, both of which showed an increasing trend. The correlation of surface soil salinity with the salinity of groundwater and its chemical components was high. In summary, this study identified the progress of irrigation water quality in soil salinization and provided a scientific basis for improving the oasis ecosystem, maintaining the healthy development of agriculture, managing oasis water resources, and policy development. Our findings can serve as a reference for other, similar oasis research.
Negative Events in the Cruise Tourism Industry: The Role of Corporate Responsibility and Reputation in Information Diffusion
Authors: Remondino Marco , Penco Lara , Profumo Giorgia
Published: January 2019

The objective of this manuscript is to analyze the effects, in terms of diffusion of information, of negative events in the cruise sector, in two scenarios: one in which responsibility for the event is mainly attributed to the cruise company and the other in which the company cannot
be held responsible. This theme is relevant because, in recent years, disasters or mishaps have affected the cruise industry, attracting the attention of global media and communities and stimulating the adoption of different crisis communication strategies by the cruise lines affected. Moreover,
most extant literature focuses on corporate messages intentionally sent by organizations after a negative event, and not on the spontaneous diffusion of information that is generated by stakeholders' reactions. In particular, the aim of the article is to explore how the perceived responsibility
of the company may have an impact on the diffusion of information, and to understand whether a previous excellent corporate reputation could have a moderating role on this phenomenon. Input data from an online questionnaire have been employed to build a bottom-up agent-based simulation model
that, being based on individual agents' behavior, investigates the role of the two aforementioned variables in the aggregate diffusion of information about the negative event. The simulation showed that a perception of responsibility translates into higher and faster spontaneous information
diffusion among the public. Moreover, it showed that a former excellent reputation mitigates the spread of news. Based on the results, some practical implications are provided for managing crisis communication strategies when a negative event occurs.
Cruise Holidays: How On-Board Service Quality Affects Passengers' Behavior
Authors: Radić Aleksandar , Björk Peter , Kauppinen-Räisänen Hannele
Published: January 2019

This study examines the relations ships between the perceived service quality and satisfaction on on-board spending and behavioral action, while it also explores differences in on-board spending. Survey data were collected from 649 cruise ship passengers. A partial least square structural
equation modeling was used to test the conceptual model and analysis of variances to explore the influence of passengers' demographic characteristics. Results show a positive link between service quality and satisfaction, and satisfaction and behavioral actions. Spending behavior has a moderating
effect on behavioral actions, and is influenced by gender and travel frequency. Investing in the quality of cruise ships is vital, as it influences satisfaction and positive word-of-mouth. How to increase on-board spending, is more complex. On the one hand, the findings show that increased
customer satisfaction does not habitually mean increased revenue. On the other hand, the results imply that passengers' on-board spending varies across customer segments.
INVESTIGATION AND EVALUATION OF SURFACE WATER POLLUTION WITH HEAVY METALS AND OIL PRODUCTS IN KAIRIAI MILITARY GROUND TERRITORY
Authors: Idzelis Raimondas Leopoldas , Greičiūtė Kristina , Paliulis Dainius
Published: January 2019

Water pollution with heavy metals, oil and its products is a very important environmental problem. Major part of chemical elements penetrating into the environment gets accumulated in the soil and bed sediment of water bodies. They may also migrate into surface, ground and underground water and spread at great distances. From here, they may enter again nutritional chains and poison living organisms. It is very important and necessary to investigate military territories and evaluate their environmental condition in order to identify the works of their cleaning and optimization of their environmental condition as well as their scope. However, not all the military territories in Lithuania have been sufficiently investigated so far, damage to the environment is not known. Therefore, investigation of such territories is of utmost importance, it is of scientific and environmental significance. This work is dedicated to the investigation and evaluation of surface water and bed sediment pollution with heavy metals and oil products in one of the biggest military grounds of Lithuania ‐ Kairiai Military Ground. Results of the investigation allowed answering the main questions about the most common pollutants, spreading in the environment because of military activities, to determine the level of pollution and most vulnerable territories.
SORPTION OF COPPER (II) AND NONIONIC SURFACTANT BY ION EXCHANGERS AND ACTIVATED CARBON
Authors: Jancevičiūtė Renata , Gefenienė Audronė
Published: January 2019

Ion exchange resins, which are widely used for the removal of copper (II) ions from effluents, can also sorb nonionic surfactants entering into the wastewater with copper (II) ions simultaneously after various industrial processes. The study of equilibrium sorption of copper (II) and nonionic surfactant Lutensol AO‐10 under laboratory conditions by different types of ion exchangers and activated carbon has shown that the Purolite S950 chelating ion exchanger has the highest sorption capacity for copper (II) ions. Ion exchangers with carboxylic functional groups demonstrate the highest affinity for nonionic surfactant. Purolite C107E weak acid cation exchanger could be suitable for the cosorption of copper (II) ions and nonionic surfactant Lutensol AO‐10. Kinetic study of this ion exchange resin leads to a conclusion that the sorption of copper (II) ions was a fast process, and after 30 min the equilibrium was attained. When the concentration of copper (II) solution decreases, difference between the sorption capacity of various ion exchangers decrease. The influence of nonionic surfactant on the sorption of copper (II) is insignificant.
APPROACH TO REFURBISHMENT OF TIMBER PRESCHOOL BUILDINGS WITH A VIEW ON ENERGY AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY
Authors: Šuman Nataša , Žigart Maja , Premrov Miroslav , Žegarac Leskovar Vesna
Published: January 2019

The refurbishment of educational buildings usually involves a variety of measures aiming at reducing energy demands and improving building functionality to achieve higher living comfort. This paper aims to develop an approach for determination of comprehensive refurbishment strategy upon existing preschool buildings in Slovenia from the aspects of energy and economic efficiency. The main idea of the approach is to separate and individually analyse the investments into those related to energy efficiency improvements and those related to improvements of building functional quality through the step-by-step evaluation of individual measures. The proposed approach was applied on the case study of the existing timber preschool building in the city of Maribor. Generally, the highest energy savings are detected only in the case of combination of multiple renovation measures. Moreover, the economic indicators show low efficiency for almost all measures if they are treated separately. Additionally, the analysis reveals that certain measures are totally inefficient in terms of energy, yet they are highly beneficial from the viewpoint of building functional quality, which indicates the importance of the multi-perspective assessment of renovation process. The conclusions of this study can be implemented to similar building types and construction ages in similar climatic and economic environments.
Evidence of Hubble Flow-like Motion of Young Stellar Populations away from the Perseus Arm
Authors: Román-Zúñiga Carlos G. , Roman-Lopes Alexandre , Tapia Mauricio , Hernández Jesús , Ramírez-Preciado Valeria
Published: January 2019

In this Letter we present evidence of the coherent outward motion of a sample of young stars (t < 30 Myr) in the Perseus Arm, whose apparent origin is located in the vicinity of the W3/W4/W5 complex. Using astrometric and photometric data from the Gaia Data Release 2 catalog of an 8◦ radius field centered near W4, we selected a sample of young intermediate- to high-mass star candidates. The sample is limited to sources with parallax uncertainties below 20% and Bayesian distance estimates within 1800 and 3100 pc. The selection includes embedded stellar populations as well as young open clusters. Projected velocities derived from perspective-corrected proper motions clearly suggest that the young star population emerged from the Perseus Arm, with a possible convergence zone near W3/W4/W5 region, tracing a front that expands away at a rate of about

.
Coulomb Collisions as a Candidate for Temperature Anisotropy Constraints in the Solar Wind
Authors: Vafin S. , Riazantseva M. , Pohl M.
Published: January 2019

Many solar wind observations at 1 au indicate that the proton (as well as electron) temperature anisotropy is limited. The data distribution in the (A

a
, β

a,∥)-plane have a rhombic-shaped form around β

a,∥ ∼ 1. The boundaries of the temperature anisotropy at β

a,∥ > 1 can be well explained by the threshold conditions of the mirror (whistler) and oblique proton (electron) firehose instabilities in a bi-Maxwellian plasma, whereas the physical mechanism of the similar restriction at β

a,∥ < 1 is still under debate. One possible option is Coulomb collisions, which we revisit in the current work. We derive the relaxation rate

of the temperature anisotropy in a bi-Maxwellian plasma that we then study analytically and by observed proton data from WIND. We found that

increases toward small β

p,∥ < 1. We matched the data distribution in the (A

p
, β

p,∥)-plane with the constant contour

s−1, corresponding to the minimum value for collisions to play a role. This contour fits rather well the left boundary of the rhombic-shaped data distribution in the (A

p
, β

p,∥)-plane. Thus, Coulomb collisions are an interesting candidate for explaining the limitations of the temperature anisotropy in the solar wind with small β

a,∥ < 1 at 1 au.
Description of Callophylla macrocephala sp. n. from southern Tanzania
Authors: Perissinotto Renzo
Published: January 2019

A male cetoniine specimen from the old Schürhoff collection currently deposited in the Ditsong National Museum of Natural History (Pretoria, South Africa), was recently submitted for identification and has been found to represent a yet undescribed species of the poorly-known genus Callophylla Moser, 1916. The species is named C.macrocephalasp. n., in recognition of its wider than average head, particularly at the level of the clypeus, and originates from the southern Tanzanian highlands, near the Tanzania-Zambia border town of Nakonde. This brings the total number of species now known for this genus to four, two from West Africa and two from East-Central Africa. All species were described on the basis of a male only, or this and a few extra specimens. The female is only known for the two West African species, C.costata Moser, 1916 and C.lamottei Antoine, 2007. A dichotomous key for the identification of the species of this genus is presented for the first time. It is suggested that the genus may be constituted of high altitude specialists, with a short period of activity and no ability to feed at the adult stage.
Spiel als Kultur und Spiel als Medium der Lebensbewältigung im Mittelalter – Vom Schachspiel und Liebeswerben hin bis zur literarischen Spielführung
Authors: Classen Albrecht
Published: January 2019

Le concept d’amour courtois a depuis toujours représenté un problème difficile durant tout le Moyen Âge certes, mais aussi sans que l’on soit parvenu pour autant à en saisir le sens jusqu’à aujourd’hui. L’institution curiale elle-même résiste à l’interprétation car on y débat de formes de sociabilité – l’honneur, la dignité et les valeurs – qui s’y expriment à travers des négociations dont le rôle est essentiel. Dans cette étude, je propose de comprendre la vie de cour comme une forme de jeu dont la pratique est à la fois métaphorique, intellectuelle, rhétorique et philosophique, grâce à quoi précisément les innombrables contradictions et énigmes qui apparaissent dans des textes littéraires et philosophiques peuvent trouver une explication pertinente. Le modèle du jeu s’exprime de la meilleure façon dans des œuvres telles que le De amore , d’Andreas Capellanus, le Tristan de Gottfried de Strasbourg, Diû Crône de Heinrich von dem Türlin, Sir Gawain et le Chevalier Vert, les divers récits de Heinrich Kaufringer et les réflexions théoriques de Nicolas de Cues.
Quelles frontières géographiques pour les systèmes d’innovation technologique ?
Authors: Frigant Vincent , Miollan Stéphane , Presse Maëlise , Virapin David
Published: January 2019

Cet article contribue aux débats concernant les échelles géographiques des Technological Innovation Systems (TIS). Une première partie explicite comment d’un point de vue méthodologique les co-brevets constituent un outil pertinent pour appréhender un TIS et poser la question de son échelle spatiale. La suite de l’article étudie les co-brevets déposés par les 10 constructeurs automobiles sur le domaine du véhicule hybride sur la période 2000-2013. Sur la base de 3250 co-brevets, nous montrons que 1) l’indice de nationalisation est plutôt élevé pour 5 constructeurs et très faibles pour trois autres démontrant l’hétérogénéité des pratiques et des frontières spatiales du TIS ; 2) cette hétérogénéité se retrouve pour ce qui concerne les types de partenaires mobilisés et leurs localisations. La dernière section en retire des conclusions analytiques pour l’analyse des TIS et leurs frontières géographiques. Codes JEL : O31, O33, L62
Vers les origines sémantiques du conditionnel épistémique. Étude d’un genre juridique en français classique ( xvi e - xviii e siècles)
Authors: Van de Weerd Jessica
Published: January 2019

Cette étude porte sur l’emploi du conditionnel français que l’on a dans L’ennemi aurait pris la fuite , appelé CE1. S’il y a une abondance d’études sur ce sujet pour le français moderne, il y a une carence flagrante pour les stades antérieurs du français. Cet article analyse le sémantisme du CE1 en français classique ( xvi e - xviii e  siècles) dans le genre textuel des actes notariés. Elle présente la plus ancienne occurrence de ce conditionnel (1507) et avance l’hypothèse que le sémantisme original propre du CE1 comprend un élément évidentiel et/ou un élément de non-confirmation.
L’énigme de devoir au conditionnel passé
Authors: de Saussure Louis
Published: January 2019

Dans cet article, nous nous interrogeons sur les raisons pour lesquelles le verbe devoir au conditionnel passé suscite une lecture contrefactuelle, alors que ni devoir ni le conditionnel, passé ou non, n’y conduisent à eux seuls. Notre tentative de solution sera pragmatique et s’attache à la concurrence que se livrent ces deux expressions au niveau de l’évidentialité, devoir sélectionnant alors une interprétation prospective, correspondant à d’autres de ses emplois de valeur future.
La représentation des origines de la civilisation chez Francesco Patrizi de Sienne
Authors: Gambino Longo Susanna
Published: January 2019

Deux traités de Francesco Patrizi de Sienne (1412-1494), le De regno et regis institutione et le De reipublicae institutione posent la question de l’origine des pouvoirs à travers une réflexion sur la condition primitive de l’humanité, qui s’appuie principalement sur les sources du matérialisme antique. L’analyse des différents régimes politiques conduite par Patrizi s’inscrit dans la quête de légitimité du pouvoir princier dans l’Italie de la fin du xv e  siècle et se nourrit de la dimension historiciste de la pensée humaniste.
La juridicisation de la politique chez Bodin, héritier de Machiavel
Authors: Akimoto Shingo
Published: January 2019

Cet article a pour objectif d’approfondir la manière dont Jean Bodin élabore la théorie de l’état ( status ) des Républiques comme instrument de la lecture méthodique de l’histoire dans sa Methodus ad facilem historiarum cognitionem (1566 ; 1572), en reprenant ce que Machiavel a développé au sujet de l’état ( stato ) à travers l’analyse comparée de l’histoire romaine avec la réalité florentine dans les Discorsi (c. 1517). Pour éclairer l’élaboration théorique de l’État ( status / stato ) chez ces deux auteurs, nous nous penchons sur leur interprétation du pouvoir des tribuns de la plèbe à Rome en fonction de leur regard sur la structure sociale romaine. Si les tribuns ont fait découvrir à Machiavel l’essence de la politique, ils donnent à Bodin la possibilité de la rendre juridique et de cristalliser la théorie du summum imperium (souveraineté). C’est sur cette théorie que Bodin fonde l’état des Républiques. Nous nous proposons ainsi de montrer que l’interprétation de l’histoire romaine a une conséquence majeure sur la théorie politique moderne de la souveraineté.
Conflits, alliances et négociations autour de la prise en compte des écoles de voile par la fédération nationale de voile (1945-1976)
Authors: Lafabrègue Claude
Published: January 2019

Depuis 1945, deux grandes mouvances associatives font vivre de manière séparée la pratique de la voile en France : les clubs de la fédération préparant aux compétitions sportives et les centres de plein air proposant aux néophytes une initiation déconnectée de toute recherche de performance sportive. L’arrivée de Maurice Herzog à la tête de l’administration de la Jeunesse et des Sports en 1958 inaugure une politique publique qui cherche à rompre avec cet émiettement associatif, en plaçant les centres de plein air sous l’autorité de la fédération, de façon à unifier l’enseignement de la voile dans le pays. Or, cette intervention a pour effet d’exacerber les tensions subsistant entre ces deux tendances. Les responsables de la fédération n’ont de cesse de réclamer que l’activité des écoles de voile soit subordonnée à l’initiation aux régates alors que les dirigeants des centres de plein air s’allient pour préserver l’autonomie de la pédagogie des écoles à l’égard de la compétition sportive. L’administration est alors forcée de multiplier les médiations entre les deux parties de façon à préserver une unité fédérale fragile, qui semble sérieusement menacée en 1969. Une solution de compromis est trouvée dans les années 1970 quand le choix d’une politique fédérale plus éclectique prenant en compte les écoles de voile laisse entrevoir aux dirigeants fédéraux la possibilité de relancer la croissance démographique de leur organisation et d’augmenter ses recettes.
Le GREC (1968-1976), une contestation « par corps » de la formation des enseignants d’éducation physique et sportive
Authors: Morales Yves , Travaillot Yves , Ferez Sylvain
Published: January 2019

En centrant l’analyse sur le Groupe de recherche en expression corporelle, fondé à la fin des années soixante à l’Ireps de Toulouse, cet article étudie les discours militants pour le renouvellement de la culture physique. Il montre que les acteurs du GREC adoptent une posture critique vis-à-vis des contenus de formation proposés aux enseignants d’éducation physique et sportive. En mobilisant les sciences humaines, les approches non directives et les rhétoriques marxistes, ils contestent l’importance du sport et rejettent les pédagogies technicistes. Ils valorisent ainsi l’expression corporelle qu’ils associent à une forme de libération corporelle à partir d’une démarche artistique et politique.
Continuous improvement enablers: Defining a new construct
Authors: Sanchez-Ruiz Lidia , Blanco Beatriz , Gomez-Lopez Raquel
Published: January 2019

Purpose: Continuous improvement is a means of promoting and working through business excellence. However, due to the complexity of the implementation process, many companies fail. Some authors consider that this partly due to the lack of studies which develop and validate theoretical constructs in order to push theory in the CI field. Therefore, this study aims at identifying and better understanding the factors that could act as enablers when implementing a CI initiative by designing and analyzing a new theoretical construct.Design/methodology/approach: After conducting a rigorous literature review and consulting a group of experts, Rasch Measurement Theory was used in order to validate the construct and rank the enablers.Findings: After validating the construct, a hierarchy of priority was obtained, being the following enablers the most important ones: establishing clear objectives, training, recognizing the achievements and learning from the CI process itself and motivation.Practical implications: Identifying the key enablers could help those companies that are about to start with the implementation process. Additionally obtaining a general classification could help managers to make good decisions and handle these enablers, fostering the most important one.Originality/value: This paper provides additional evidence regarding the main enablers that an organization that decides to implement CI can foster. Additionally, as far as authors are concerned, this is the first paper that defines a theoretical construct concerning continuous improvement enablers. Going one-step further, this paper obtains a hierarchy of priority, identifying the main enablers according to managers’ opinions.