bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of corticosteroid therapy in the treatment of long- lasting olfactory disorders in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Vaira L.A. , Hopkins C. , Petrocelli M. , Lechien J.R. , Cutrupi S. , Salzano G. , Chiesa-Estomba C.M. , Saussez S. , De Riu G.
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: The growing number of COVID-19 patients with long-lasting olfactory disorders makes it necessary to identify effective treatments that enhance the spontaneous recovery of olfactory function. METHODS: Multicentre randomised case-control study that involved 18 patients with COVID-19 related anosmia or severe hyposmia for more than 30 days. Nine patients were prescribed systemic prednisone and nasal irrigation with betamethasone, ambroxol and rinazine for 15 days. The other 9, untreated, patients were used as controls. The olfactory function was evaluated with CCCRC test at 20 and 40 days from the first evaluation. RESULTS: In the control group, a median olfactory score of 20 (IQR 30) was detected at baseline. At the 20-day control there was no significant improvement in olfactory function. The improvement in olfactory performance became significant at the 40-day follow-up compared to baseline scores [60 (IQR 60) versus 20 (IQR 30)]. In the treatment group, patients had a mean olfactory score of 10 (IQR 15) at initial control. At the 20-day control, a significant im-provement in the olfactory scores, compared to the baseline, was detected [70 (IQR 40) versus 10 (IQR 15)]. Olfactory function further improved at 40 days [median score 90 (IQR 50)]. Patients in the treatment group reported significantly higher improvements of the olfactory scores than the controls at both the 20-day [40 (IQR 45) versus 10 (IQR 15)] and 40-day [60 (IQR 40) versus 30 (IQR 25)] evaluations. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of this study, the mix of drugs including steroids could represent a useful specific therapy to reduce the prevalence of this long-term morbidity.
Case Report: Fatal Human Leptospirosis Caused by Leptospira interrogans Genotype ST149
Authors: Rao Mohan , Amran Fairuz , Kamaruzaman Ameera Ashyila , Hakim Esa Habib Abdul , Abdul Hameed Ahneez , Mohamed Shabery Noor Afidah
Published: December 2020

Leptospirosis is an important zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution and nonspecific clinical manifestation. We report a case of fatal leptospirosis in a previously healthy woman with a causative agent. A young adult Indian woman was brought in dead to the forensic department. Ten days before, she developed fever, dizziness with headache, myalgia, diarrhea, and vomiting. Routine inquest and autopsy were performed on the deceased, revealing hemorrhagic lungs with extensive intra-alveolar hemorrhages, pale liver with dissociation and separation of hepatocyte plates, and edematous brain with histiocyte and lymphocyte infiltration in the parenchyma and meninges. Heart tissue depicts myocarditis and pericarditis inflammatory changes. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was turbid in appearance with mildly elevated leukocytes, predominantly lymphocytes. Real-time PCR targeting lipL32 gene of pathogenic Leptospira was detected in the blood, CSF, brain, kidney, heart, and liver. The genetic profile of the causative agent was ST149 (multi-locus sequence typing Scheme 3). This study illustrates the usefulness of Leptospira PCR assay in postmortem diagnosis and addresses the need for further surveillance to identify the epidemiological link of the disease.
Sociodemographic Determinants of Healthcare-Seeking Options and Alternative Management Practices of Childhood Diarrheal Illness: A Household Survey among Mothers in Iraq
Authors: Harb Ali , Abraham Sam , O’Dea Mark , Hantosh Haidar Ali , Jordan David , Habib Ihab
Published: December 2020

Diarrhea remains a significant cause of child morbidity and mortality in Iraq. The objective of this study was to examine the current practices of home-based management of diarrheal illnesses among Iraqi children. We surveyed mothers of children aged less than 5 years to identify the sociodemographic factors associated with maternal healthcare-seeking practices. A total of 500 mother–child pairs were interviewed in a cross-sectional household survey in Thi-Qar Governorate, southeastern Iraq, between March 2016 and February 2017. Logistic and multinomial regression models were used to infer sociodemographic predictors of the healthcare-seeking and alternative management practices adopted by the mothers. The interviewees reported that 35.2% of their children had diarrhea in the 2 weeks before the survey. The least likelihood of reported occurrence of diarrhea was among mother–child pairs where the mothers had received university education, as compared with mothers who were illiterate or received only primary or secondary education. Lower odds (odds ratio = 0.4, P-value < 0.001) of reported childhood diarrhea was revealed among mothers aged > 25 years than among those younger. Self-ordered medicine from a pharmacy was the most preferred alternative management option in almost half (52.4% [262/500]) of the interviewed mothers in Thi-Qar. Interestingly, 69.6% (348/500) of the mothers reported supplying their children suffering from diarrhea with antibiotics. Relative to mothers with university education, those with high school education had more likelihood of selecting medical center (relative risk ratio [rrr] = 2.4) and pharmacy (rrr = 3.7) as against no treatment. Lower maternal educational level, mothers’ age < 25 years, and the district of residence were important factors associated with diarrhea occurrence among children younger than 5 years. In light of the findings from this study, intervention aimed at improving healthcare seeking for managing diarrhea in Iraqi children should jointly consider the influence of mothers age, education, as well as the level of economic status of the communities in which mothers of these children reside. The results of this study indicate the need for enhancing public health education to improve the maternal management of diarrheal disease and the avoidance of unnecessary use of antimicrobials.
A Tale of Two Viruses: Coinfections of Monkeypox and Varicella Zoster Virus in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Hughes Christine M. , Liu Lindy , Davidson Whitni B. , Radford Kay W. , Wilkins Kimberly , Monroe Benjamin , Metcalfe Maureen G. , Likafi Toutou , Lushima Robert Shongo , Kabamba Joelle , Nguete Beatrice , Malekani Jean , Pukuta Elisabeth , Karhemere Stomy , Muyembe Tamfum Jean-Jacques , Okitolonda Wemakoy Emile , Reynolds Mary G. , Schmid D. Scott , McCollum Andrea M.
Published: December 2020

Recent enhanced monkeypox (MPX) surveillance in the Democratic Republic of Congo, where MPX is endemic, has uncovered multiple cases of MPX and varicella zoster virus (VZV) coinfections. The purpose of this study was to verify if coinfections occur and to characterize the clinical nature of these cases. Clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory results were used to investigate MPX/VZV coinfections. A coinfection was defined as a patient with at least one Orthopoxvirus/MPX-positive sample and at least one VZV-positive sample within the same disease event. Between September 2009 and April 2014, 134 of the 1,107 (12.1%) suspected MPX cases were confirmed as MPX/VZV coinfections. Coinfections were more likely to report symptoms than VZV-alone cases and less likely than MPX-alone cases. Significantly higher lesion counts were observed for coinfection cases than for VZV-alone but less than MPX-alone cases. Discernible differences in symptom and rash severity were detected for coinfection cases compared with those with MPX or VZV alone. Findings indicate infection with both MPX and VZV could modulate infection severity. Collection of multiple lesion samples allows for the opportunity to detect coinfections. As this program continues, it will be important to continue these procedures to assess variations in the proportion of coinfected cases over time.
Recommendation for Acceptable Operating Parameters of Heated Automobile Seats in Order to Mitigate Occupant Injury
Authors:   Heated Seats Standards Committee
Published: December 2020

This recommended practice will promote a temperature and duration guideline that mitigates the risk of thermal injuries to the heated seat user. In addition, recommendations are established to indicate to the user when the heater is operating, and warnings that should be included in the vehicle literature.
Predicted land use and land cover outlook for semi-arid Lokere and Lokok catchments in Karamoja region, Uganda
Authors: Osaliya R. , Wasonga O.V. , Majaliwa  Mwanjalolo J-G. , MacOpiyo L. , Kironchi G. , Adipala E.
Published: December 2020

The semi-arid Lokere and Lokok catchments in northeastern Uganda are experiencing land use and land cover (LULC) change driven by policies and actions aimed at pastoralist sedentarisation. While these efforts present a trajectory of a landscape dominated by farming, livestock herding or grazing persists. The objective of this study was to project medium, and long-term LULC for Lokere and Lokok catchments in Karamoja, Uganda. We applied automatic multi-perceptron neural network, built on Markov chain modeling method, along with multi-criteria evaluation strategies; all embedded in the IDRISI Land Change Modeler (LCM) to project the catchments’ LULC to the year 2030 and 2050. The model was trained using 1994 and 2003 LULC, and validated with 2013 LULC. Results of three modelled policy scenarios; business as usual (BAU), pro-livestock and pro-farming; to the years 2030 and 2050 showed that small scale farming (SSF) would increase in all scenarios, even if policy shifts to promote livestock rearing. Pro-farming policies would, in both 2030 and 2050, result in reduction of grassland as SSF increases; doubling the 2003 land area by 2050. The results of this study facilitate assessment of potential impacts of the future LULC and policy evaluation in the catchments.
African Art: The Journey from Ethnological Collection to the Museum of Art
Authors: Pawłowska Aneta
Published: December 2020

This article aims to show the transformation in the way African art is displayed in museums which has taken place over the last few decades. Over the last 70 years, from the second half of the twentieth century, the field of African Art studies, as well as the forms taken by art exhibitions, have changed considerably. Since W. Rubin’s controversial exhibition Primitivism in 20th Century Art at MoMA (1984), art originating from Africa has begun to be more widely presented in museums with a strictly artistic profile, in contrast to the previous exhibitions which were mostly located in ethnographical museums. This could be the result of the changes that have occurred in the perception of the role of museums in the vein of new museology and the concept of a “curatorial turn” within museology. But on the other hand, it seems that the recognition of the artistic values of old and contemporary art from the African continent allows art dealers to make large profits from selling such works. This article also considers the evolution of the idea of African art as a commodity and the modern form of presentations of African art objects. The current breakthrough exhibition at the Bode Museum in Berlin is thoroughly analysed. This exhibition, entitled Beyond compare, presents unexpected juxtapositions of old works of European art and African objects of worship. Thus, the major purpose of this article is to present various benefits of shifting meaning from “African artefacts” to “African objects of art,” and therefore to relocate them from ethnographic museums to art museums and galleries
Professional standards in museum pedagogy in the international context
Authors: Jagošová Lucie
Published: December 2020

Professional standards of museum work are defined by the clearly formulated International Council of Museums (ICOM) Code of Ethics and by the activity of professional organisations on both national and international levels. The goal to establish the general requirements for the education of museum workers was mainly pursued by the ICOM and some of its committees. Since museum pedagogy has developed into an independent discipline and museum pedagogue (educator) has became a full-value profession, the specialised commissions within individual professional organisations and the efforts of individual researchers have helped to gradually transform these general requirements into specific standards of museum pedagogy. These standards reflect both the scope of activities and necessary competencies of museum pedagogues, and the expected quality of education practice in museums (best practice). The varied views of professional standards for museum pedagogues in the international context represent a source of inspiration in the sphere of Czech museum pedagogy, which is undergoing a dynamic development in several areas of its activities (educational practice, consolidated legislative position) and gradually formulating its own professional standards.
Museological school as a process of professional formation based on traditions and innovations: Crimean foreshortening
Authors: Chuvilova Irina
Published: December 2020

In this article, we describe the activities of the “Museum Studio”, which opened in Koktebel in 2016. The history of Russian museology and international experience are two important pillars on which the School is based. Today, the School is a platform for educational events and discussions with the participation of leading Russian and foreign experts. The platform has developed an innovative model of interaction with specialists seeking to improve their qualification level. The main ideas and formats of this model are covered in this article.
Synagogue Decorations in Present-Day Ukraine: Practice in Preservation of Cultural and Artistic Heritage
Authors: Kotlyar Eugeny , Sokolyuk Lyudmyla , Pavlova Tetiana
Published: December 2020

There are approximately ten historical synagogue buildings left in Ukraine today which continue, to varying extents, to preserve their original wall paintings and decoration. A number of these were only recently discovered. The attempts underway, beginning in the early 2000s, to preserve as well as uncover old paintings often produce the opposite effect, destroying authentic works. The cultural significance of these historical landmarks requires that they be included in a single international register, along with supervision and an agreed upon preservation program designed individually for each. Synagogue wall paintings will inevitably perish unless ways of transferring this heritage are sought that will move these works to a different and more reliable “medium of cultural memory”. Different, innovative approaches to museum preservation and ways of presenting these works to public view are called for. Among the tried and tested options are: reconstructing old synagogue interiors which contain wall or ceiling paintings; using motifs taken from the original paintings in new works being produced for the Jewish community; and work on exhibition projects, catalogues and two-dimensional reconstruction models.
Against the “Moonlight and Magnolia” myth of the American South. A new materialist approach to the dissonant heritage of slavery in the US: The case of Whitney Plantation in Wallace, LA
Authors: Golańska Dorota
Published: December 2020

The article presents an analysis of the operations of the Whitney Plantation Museum, which opened in 2014 in Wallace, LA (USA), situated within the context of plantation heritage tourism in the American South. The argumentation offers an illustration of the significant transition, even though still of marginal character, of the dominant tendencies of representing slavery in heritage sites (plantation museums) devoted to cultivating knowledge about the history of the region. New materialist in its orientation, the analysis subscribes to the most fundamental assumption of this philosophical tendency, namely that knowledge is generated in material-semiotic ways, and applies this approach in an enquiry into the educational experience offered to visitors by this heritage site. The article argues that although the emergence of institutions such as Whitney Plantation is meant to pluralise the memorial landscape of a given community, rather than serving as multivocal spaces they tend to remain steeped in fragmentation.
HAVACILIK ALANINDA KULLANILAN KARBON PREPREG KOMPOZİT MALZEMELERİN TALAŞLI İMALATINI ETKİLEYEN PAREMETRELERİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: GAGA Latif Alper , DİLİBAL Savaş
Published: December 2020

Fiber takviyeli kompozit malzemelerin yüksek mekanik özellikleri, hafifliği ve çevresel faktörlere gösterdikleri dayanım nedeniyle endüstride kullanım alanları artmaktadır. Kalıplar üzerinde farklı üretim yöntemleri ile üretitilen kompozitler, kalıplardan çıkartıldıktan sonra geleneksel talaşlı imalat yöntemlerinden farklı bir şekilde işlenirler. Şekil verme işlemleri kalıpta tamamlanmış olan kompozit malzemelere son şeklini vermek için frezeleme işlemleri uygulanır. Çalışma sırasında CNC tezgâhta sırasıyla 3 ağızlı karbür takım, 4 ağızlı Ti-Al kaplamalı karbür takım ve 7 ağızlı Ti-Al kaplamalı karbür takım kullanılmıştır. Takımlar ile birlikte CNC tezgâhta dönme devri olarak 1000, 2000 ve 3000 dev/dk, ilerleme olarak ise 100, 150 ve 200 mm/dk kullanılmıştır. Yapılan deneysel çalışmalar sonucunda malzeme yüzey pürüzlülük değerleri, deformasyon faktörü değerleri ve talaşlı imalatın yapıldığı CNC tezgâhtan alınan kuvvet değerleri ile birlikte grafikler yardımıyla hangi parametrelerin en iyi sonuç verdiği karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Deneysel çalışmalarda ağız sayısı arttıkça yüzey pürüzlülüğü, deformasyon faktörü ve kesme kuvveti değerleri azaldığı ve devir arttıkça yüzey pürüzlülüğü, deformasyon faktörü ve kesme kuvveti değerleri azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. İlerleme hızı arttıkça deformasyon faktörü ve kesme kuvveti değerleri artmış, yüzey pürüzlülüğü değeri ise azalmıştır.
O Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida em Suzano-SP: aspectos socioespaciais e segregação
Authors: Souza Anderson Aparecido de , Santos Leandro Bruno
Published: December 2020

O Programa minha Casa Minha Vida (PMCMV), política habitacional do governo federal lançada em 2009, foi criado para atacar o problema da falta de acesso à moradia dos mais pobres pelo mercado, por meio de subsídios e apoio a famílias de baixa renda. Não obstante, a política também visou promover o crescimento econômico estimulando o setor de construção civil. Este trabalho tem por objetivo compreender as implicações socioespaciais do PMCMV em Suzano–SP, onde cerca de 1,8 mil pessoas foram contempladas pelo programa. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados consistiram no levantamento bibliográfico, pesquisa documental, levantamento de dados secundários, elaboração e aplicação de questionários e sistematização e análise dos dados primários e secundários. Os resultados mostram que, embora o PMCMV reproduza em Suzano uma lógica de segregação socioespacial, com empreendimentos em área periféricas marcadas por problemas ambientais e pela presença insuficiente de equipamentos urbanos, significou uma conquista para os beneficiários, que deixaram de viver em áreas de risco, pagar aluguel ou depender de aluguel social.
Exploring the Liability of Origin: Lessons from Smithfield Foods and Meat Processing in the US During COVID-19
Authors: Shapiro Daniel M. , Li Jing , Feng Cai Mitsu
Published: December 2020

The Liability of Origin (LOR) refers to disadvantages faced abroad by firms sharing common national origins. We examine the country of origin effect on Smithfield Foods (owned by a Chinese parent), one of the largest meat companies in the US, before and during the COVID-19 outbreak. We find evidence that Smithfield experienced legitimacy challenges associated with its Chinese ownership. We conclude that animosity between a multinational enterprise’s home and host countries is an important source of LOR and discuss three strategies (distancing and localization, stakeholder, and social media) that might help companies overcome these challenges.
Fosfor-sandviç tipi dedektör sisteminin toplam gama verimi için modellenen Geant4 tabanlı GATE simülasyonu
Authors: YAVUZKANAT Nuray
Published: December 2020

Fosfor-sandviç (phosphor-sandwich ya da phoswich) (PW) tipi dedektör sistemleri nükleer fizikde aynı anda birden fazla radyasyon çeşidini ölçebilen dedektör sistemleridir. Bu dedektörlerin düşük aktiviteli çevresel radyasyon ölçümlerinde kullanılmasının yanında günümüzde üç veya iki katmanlı olarak yapılan bu dedektörler medikal görüntülemede, nükleer santrallerin ve nükleer kazalar sonrası çevresel güvenliğin sağlanmasında da kullanılmaktadır. Bu tip dedektör sistemleri birden fazla radyasyon çeşidini aynı anda ölçebilmesinin yanında PARIS gibi büyük dedektör sistemlerinde olduğu gibi farklı enerji aralığındaki gama radyasyonlarını ayıredebilmek için de kullanılırlar. Bu kadar geniş bir kullanım alanına sahip olan PW tipi dedektör sistemlerinin kalibrasyonları için gerekli olan verimlilik eğrileri; deneysel, ampirik, analitik ve Monte Carlo (M.C) gibi dört farklı yolla tespit edilebilir. Bu çalışmada Geant4 tabanlı çalışan GATE simülasyon programında silindir şeklinde NaI(Tl) ve CaF2(Eu) sintilasyonlarını içeren phoswich dedektör sistemi modellenerek verimlilik değerleri ve toplam gama verimliliği eğrisinin fit parametreleri bulunmuştur. Phoswich dedektör sisteminin toplam gama verimi 50 keV’den 3000 keV’e kadar farklı enerjilerde izotropik olarak foton yayımlayan nokta ve disk şeklindeki radyoaktif kaynaklar için elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca bu sonuçlar literatürde ki sonuçlarla karşılaştırılmış ve sonuçların birbirleri ile uyumlu olduğu gözlenmiştir.
Exploring the Creative Voice in an Academic Context
Authors: Brearly Laura
Published: December 2020

Who we are changes what we write about and how we write. Simply stated, if the academy is to change, if our views of reality are to be more inclusive, then we need to take a broader view of authorial voices… Tierney and Lincoln, 1997 This paper challenges the traditional paradigm of densely referenced text and the use of a passive, 'neutral' researcher's voice. It draws on current doctoral research that is using creative modes of data representation to examine managers' experiences of transition in organisational life. Within this research, ten managers from an educational institution are being tracked through an externally-driven amalgamation process, in which their jobs have been spilled and their previous organisation absorbed into a larger entity. The managers have drawn images and told stories over a two-year period as the amalgamation has progressed. The paper invites active engagement with the experiences of three of these managers, through poetic text that has been developed from transcripts of interviews. To engage with research represented in creative form is a creative act in itself. The invitation to the reader in creative forms of representation is different from the invitation in a traditional piece of research. This is based on the belief that meaning is not encountered, but constructed and that the act of constructive interpretation is a creative event (Barone & Eisner, 1997). The use of the language of "writer" and "reader" does not fit in such a model. What were once passive readers can now be invited into an experience, through the lens of their own world. This paper is an invitation to become a co-creator of meaning.
Imposters in the Sacred Grove: Working Class Women in the Academe
Authors: Long Melanie , Ranck Jenkins Gaye , Bracken Susan
Published: December 2020

The authors of this paper take a critical approach within ethnographic narrative to explore issues of power, class and agency in their experiences as working class women in the academe. After first revealing their working class roots through personal narratives, they employ Clance's Impostor Phenomenon to explore and discuss their experiences as working-class women within the Scared Grove of the academe. Results seem to indicate a dichotomy between their working class values and the expectations of university academics. Results also reveal that men faculty are their current allies, indicating that, for these three working class women in the academe, class is more of an issue than gender. The researchers conclude that they are negotiating the impostor phenomenon while accepting their outsider status. Suggestions for further research are included.
Multilayered Representation in Research
Authors: DeLawter Kathryn , Sosin Adrienne , Mabey Julie
Published: December 2020

This paper describes a multi-layered qualitative action research study presented at the Twelfth Annual Conference on Ethnographic and Qualitative Research. "The Aesthetics of Ethnography: A Moving Triangle," was an interactive installation that demonstrated the aesthetics of ethnography for education. Participants were invited to share their own constructions of meaning when engaged in activities related to multicultural calendar artifacts. The research methodology of this study is collective reflection, developed by the researchers in the process of interpreting teacher education student's multicultural calendar artifacts as texts. The article highlights one of the multicultural calendar artifacts displayed in the installation, through hyperlinks to images of the multicultural calendar artifact itself. Our discussion of multiple representations gives insight into how we, as teacher educators, generate language in curriculum development for multicultural teacher education. Now the journey is ending the wind is losing heart Into your hands it's falling, a rickety house of cards. The cards are backed with pictures displaying all the world. You've stacked up all the images and shuffled them with words. And how profound the playing that once again begins! Stay, the card you're drawing is the only world you'll win. Ingeborg Bachmann, 1926-1973 Translated from the German by Peter Filkins.
Reconstructing the World of the Anorectic Outpatient: Procedures for Enhancing Trustworthiness and Credibility
Authors: Thomsen Steven , McCoy J. Kelley , William Marleen
Published: December 2020

Conducting in-depth interviews with clinical populations often poses a number of problems for qualitative researchers. Because of the skewed perception of themselves and the world around them, and because of their propensity to distort and deny the pathology of their illness, anorexic women are an example of one such group that can create possible problems for researchers, particularly those concerned with the trustworthiness and credibility of their analysis. How should qualitative researchers approach this population? How can a credible reconstruction of reality be produced? This paper explores and discusses the procedures utilized by the authors during an 18-month project in which semi-structured, ethnographic interviews were conducted with 28 outpatients at an eating disorder treatment facility. This paper describes the methods employed by the authors to enhance the epistemological authority and trustworthiness of the analysis. These included: 1) a multi-disciplinary team approach with researchers and consultants from mass communication, family science, and clinical psychology, 2) weekly researcher team debriefing sessions to analyze and interpret recently completed interviews, 3) the exchange of thoughts and ideas from researcher diaries, journals, and coding memos, 4) the use of recovered anorexic patients as research assistants to help in the interpretation of interviews and to perform "member checks," and 5) periodic debriefing sessions with therapists at the center where the project's informants were being treated.
Feminist Content Analysis and Representative Characters
Authors: Leavy Patricia
Published: December 2020

This paper details textual, visual and audio-visual content analysis from both a general and feminist perspective. It provides a backstage look at how I took an abstract idea of analyzing the larger socio-cultural-political American 1990s/2000 context through a representative fictional character, Ally McBeal, and created a manageable project outline for how to achieve my research goals using content analysis in multiple way
Constraints, Compromises and Choice: Comparing Three Qualitative Research Studies
Authors: Connell Julia , Lynch Colin , Waring Peter
Published: December 2020

Although a number of texts explore social research strategies and methods, most are limited to a basic discussion of such methods and their associated advantages and disadvantages. Few if any, evaluate and compare methods in the context of actual research experiences. This paper endeavours to bridge that gap by reporting the experiences of three researchers working on three separate qualitative studies. All three studies were concerned with investigating the social milieu within organizations. While the research questions were different in each case, all the researchers shared a common goal - to develop explanations for complex social phenomena manifest both internally and externally to each organization. The research strategies, methods and data analyses employed are assessed through the personal evaluations of the researchers. Thus, a singular opportunity is offered for other researchers to benefit from the practical insights and lessons learned. The collective experiences of all three researchers suggest that the contextual conditions and constraints of each study force certain compromises, but which importantly, do not compromise qualitative research studies.
Social Learning Theory and the Influence of Male Role Models on African American Children in PROJECT 2000
Authors: Wells-Wilbon Rhonda , Holland Spencer
Published: December 2020

This study is an assessment of observational learning commonly known as social learning theory of a group of 55 African American students who are participants in a mentoring program known as PROJECT 2000. From first through sixth grades male role models, who were largely African American, were in the classroom as teacher assistants. At the time of the study all student participants were in fifth grade. An interview was conducted featuring a short open-ended questionnaire. Students in PROJECT 2000 had an opportunity to express their feelings about the male role models that worked with them in their classroom. These interviews assisted the researcher towards understanding, how the bonding relationship between the children and the male role models in the classroom, may impact social learning.
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Parental Experiences and the Role of Family Counselors
Authors: Morrissette Patrick
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses the experiences of foster/adoptive parents who raise children diagnosed with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and the instrumental role family counselors can play regarding child management issues, intimate relationships, larger system collaboration, and research. For the actual study, six parents participated in individual, in-depth tape-recorded interviews. Each interview was transcribed, thematically analyzed, and revealed seven predominant themes including (a) constant vigil, (b) effects on marriages, (c) child management, (d) parental issues, (e) interactions with professional community, (f) emancipation concerns, and (g) medical implications. The ways in which family counselors can intervene are reviewed and include the role of clinician, facilitator, and researcher/educator.
The Multi-Site Study: An Innovative Research Methodology
Authors: Audet Josee , d'Amboise Gerald
Published: December 2020

The Multi-Site Study is a qualitative research approach that we designed to gain an in-depth knowledge of an organizational phenomenon that had barely been researched: strategic scanning. It combines several approaches to case study research, borrowing from the positivist tradition, the interpretative approach and the qualitative research corpus. It involves the observation and analysis of several sites using namely cross-case comparisons and explanation building techniques to analyze data. The following report primarily explains the thought process that led to the research decision, a description of the process itself is then presented, followed by an illustration and discussion of the results obtained and finally, a note of reflection on the entire experience.
Community Practice: A Training Ground for Social Work Students
Authors: Jennings Mylo
Published: December 2020

Providing services to communities while providing education and training for social work practice in communities is at the core of this paper. These activities are discussed and reviewed in the context of social work in communities. Social work field placements (internships) in communities can provide positive learning experiences for students and excellent services to communities. The Winslow Project, a two-year community-focused placement for two group of first year master of social work (M.S.W.) Students is described and the results of this project are discussed. In order to fulfill a commitment to the community concept, students need a well-defined concept of group and community practice in order to provide the range and quality of services that are required for social work practice in the 21st's century global community paradigm. Providing social work intervention practices in the community is paramount to the further development of social work as a profession. It will also provide support and encouragement for communities to provide these supportive services within the community context. Social work history is rich with the type of models necessary for this to occur.
Public participation in decisions on specific activities in environmental matters in Croatia
Authors: Ofak Lana
Published: December 2020

Croatia finished accession negotiations with the EU in June 2011. The Accession Treaty was signed on 9 December 2011. The EU accession referendum in Croatia was held in January 2012 with a positive outcome. 66.27% of Croatian citizens voted in favour of Croatian accession to the European Union and 33.13% of votes were against the accession. Following ratification of the Accession Treaty by the 27 EU member states, accession of Croatia to the EU is expected to take place on 1 July 2013.
In the 2011 Progress Report, European Commission stated that there has been progress in the area of environment. Overall, Croatia’s environmentorientated preparations are nearing completion in terms of both alignment and implementation of the relevant legislation. However, implementation of the horizontal acquis, and in particular effective public participation and access to justice in environmental matters, need to be improved.
The purpose of this article is twofold. Firstly, it provides a general overview of the legal framework for public participation in decisions on specific activities in Croatia, which is intended to implement provisions of Art. 6 of the Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters (hereinafter: the Aarhus Convention or Convention). Implementation of Art. 7 and 8 of the Aarhus Convention are not discussed. Secondly, specific problems in exercising the right to participate in environmental impact assessment procedures in Croatia are analysed. It is shown that there are cases of non-compliance with the provisions of Art. 6 of the Aarhus Convention.
The Brazilian Forest Code: An Overview of Law 4.771/65 and Bill 30/11
Authors: Trennepohl Curt
Published: December 2020

When Brazil was still a Portuguese colony, there were already rules to protect the natural resources for the Portuguese Crown. Nevertheless, a proper environmental legislation aiming to preserve nature and the environmental balance is relatively recent in the country.
In fact, until a few decades ago, topics like water, vegetation and wildlife were seen by the Brazilian legislation as goods or inputs in the production process. However, this picture has changed since the 1980s and, nowadays, Brazil has an extensive and modern legislation to protect the environment. Actually, Brazil is one of the few countries whose legislation, also known as the Forest Code (Law 4.771 of 1965), requires the maintenance of forests and other vegetation in specific areas, such as Permanent Preservation Areas and Legal Reserve. Currently, a new forest legislation is under discussion in the Brazilian Congress and a few articles of the original proposal were criticized, extending the debate not only to legislators, but also to different sectors of society. This article intends to clarify some of the controversial issues regarding Legal Reserves and Permanent Preservation Areas that shall be preserved, analyzing the forest code in force and the code under discussion. In addition, two other instruments are also described, namely the Rural Environmental Registry, which can support the monitoring work of Brazilian environmental agencies, and the Environmental Reserve Quota, which encourages landowners to preserve the forest.
The outcome of the UN Conference on Sustainable Development “Rio+20” Some critical comments
Authors: Rehbinder Eckard
Published: December 2020

The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20) took place in Rio de Janeiro between 20 and 22 June 2012. Against the backdrop of a worsening global environment it dealt with a broad range of issues of policy for sustainable development at international, regional, national, and local levels, including reform of the UN institutions in the field of sustainable development. The conference was the largest of all UN summits on environment and sustainable development ever held as from 1972, assembling, apart from representatives of governments and intergovernmental organisations, about 40,000 participants form the press and stakeholder organisations. Around the conference, a great number of - partly high level - side events were held. The conference was concluded with a Declaration ('Outcome of the Conference') named 'The Future we want'.
The author of this article shares some critical comments on the summit outcome. Among other things, he believes that Rio+20 produced only few tangible results and that in particular the whole concept of sustainable development has remained open-ended. Nevertheless, he thinks that a major achievement of the Conference has been the firm commitment by states to increase the role of public participation, especially at the international level, and that the enormous activation of civil society that occurred in the preparation of and during the conference will leave its stamp on future developments.
Impact of Vocational Training on Economic Empowerment of Youth in Rural Areas of Punjab
Authors: Khalid Aliya , Aashiq Uzma , Iqbal Muhammad Shahid , Hassan Syed Salman
Published: December 2020

The current study was conducted to evaluate the role of Punjab Vocational Council in promoting empowerment of youth in rural areas of District Bhakkar. It was a case study of vocational training institutes working under Punjab Vocational Training Council (PVTC). Out of 06 vocational training institutes of District Bhakkar, 03 institutes were selected as sample, 180 pass-out trainees were selected from these institutions by using stratified random sampling method. It was a quantitative research, hence survey method was used to gather information from the respondents. Study findings clearly demonstrated that vocational training plays a vital role in improving economic status of youth and has not only increased their income, but has also increased their food, education and health expenditures as well. Study indicated that majority of respondents were involved in income generating activities and were able to add in their monthly family income. Chi-square tests confirmed that vocational training had a significant impact in enhancing economic conditions of youth in rural areas.
ANALYSIS OF MANUK DADALI FOLKSONG IN TERMS OF VALUES
Authors: Habibah Fiza Asri Fauziah , Fadilah Fadilah
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai-nilai dasar di dalam lagu rakyat Manuk Dadali dan menganalisis
hubungan antara nilai-nilai dasar tersebut. Dalam menganalisis data, peneliti menggunakan teori Schwartz tentang
sepuluh nilai dasar motivasi. Dalam melakukan penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif.
Metode kualitatif merupakan prosedur penelitian yang menghasilkan data deskriptif berupa kata-kata tertulis dari
masyarakat maupun buku. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tujuh nilai dasar dalam lirik lagu rakyat
Manuk Dadali yaitu kekuasaan, prestasi, tradisi, kepatuhan, universalisme, kebajikan, dan keamanan. Dari masingmasing

nilai, terdapat hubungan yang saling berkaitan satu dengan lainnya. Kekuasaan dengan prestasi, tradisi
dengan kepatuhan, universalisme dengan kebajikan, dan keamanan dengan kepatuhan.

Kata Kunci: nilai dasar, lagu rakyat manuk dadali

 

The study aimed to investigate the basic values in Manuk Dadali folksong. This study was planned also to analyze the
interrelation of each values in Manuk Dadali folksong. In analyzing the data, the researchers used the theory of
Schwartz about ten motivational basic values. In conducting this research, the researchers used descriptive qualitative
method. The qualitative method was a research procedure which results in descriptive data whether it is from society
or books. The result of the data analysis showed that there are seven basic values in the lyrics of Manuk Dadali
folksong. They are power, achievement, tradition, conformity, universalism, benevolence, and security. Every values
is interrelated each other. Power and achievement, tradition and conformity, universalism and benevolence, and
security and conformity.

Keywords: basic values, manuk dadali folksong

 
POLA TUTUR PERLOKUSI DALAM WEB SERIES DI BALIK HATI: SEBUAH TNJAUAN PRAGMATIK PERSPEKTIF LEECH
Authors: Karim Muhdie Amir , Erwhintiana Ifi
Published: December 2020

The aim of this study is to analyze the types of perlocutionary act in Di Balik Hati web series.
According to Geoffrey Leech’s perspective, there are sixteen types of perlocutionary act. The types is
used to analyze the dialogue of Di Balik Hati web series. This study is descriptive-qualitative. The
sources of data from dialogues in the nine episodes of this web series. The technique of data collection
is wactching and noting. And then, the technique of data analysis is model analisis Miles and
Huberman. The types of perlocutionary acts found in this web series are 23 dialogues including:
persuade, impress, get hearer to do, get hearer to know or learn, get hearer to think about, distract
attention, irritate, deceive, inspire, encourage, and relieve tension
Keywords: leech, perlocutionary, web series

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis jenis-jenis tindak tutur perlokusi dalam web series
Di Balik Hati. Menurut Geofrrey Leech terdapat 16 klasifikasi tindak tutur perlokusi. Pembagian
tersebut digunakan untuk menganalisis ujaran dalam web series Di Balik Hati. Penelitian ini
menggunakan metode deskriptif-kualitatif. Sumber data berasal dari ujaran-ujaran tokoh dalam 9
episode web series tersebut. Tehnik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menonton dan mencatat.
kemudian tehnik analisis data menggunakan model analisis Miles dan Huberman. Adapun hasil
penelitian ini ditemukan 23 tindak tutur perlokusi yang meliputi tuturan membujuk, mengesankan,
membuat petutur melakukan sesuatu, membuat penutur tahu, membuat petutur berfikir akan sesuatu,
mengalihkan perhatian, menjengkelkan atau menyakitkan, menipu, mengilhami, mendorong dan
meredakan ketegangan.
Kata kunci: leech, perlokusi, web series
AN ANALYSIS OF IMAGERIES IN E.E. CUMMINGS’ SELECTED POEMS
Authors: Tiwiyanti Leni , Mubasyira Mu’thia
Published: December 2020

This research analyzes the imageries used by E.E. Cummings in two poems by E.E. Cumming. He is a 20th century poet and novelist known for his unique style and structure. He considered himself a painter as well as a poet. Most of his poems are free verse in which he innovates a new style of writing which disregard any traditional rules and regulations of writing. The purpose of this research is to identify the types of imageries used in some of selected poems by E.E. Cummings and how the imageries are applied in the poems. The method used is qualitative descriptive method. The source of the data are two poems “All in Green” and “Your Little Voice”. Imageries are used to make abstract ideas concrete and easier to communicate specially used in poems. From the analysis, there are only five types out of seven types of imageries found in both poems. The five types of of the imageries are visual, auditory, kinesthetic internal and gustatory imageries. Both techniques by description and figurative language are applied to build the imageries. There are nine imageries applied by using description technique and seven imageries with figurative language technique.

Keywords: poems, imagery, types of imagery, technique in building imagery

Penelitian ini menganalisis citraan yang digunakan oleh E. E. Cummings dalam beberapa karya puisinya. Dia adalah penyair dan penulis novel abad 20 yang dikenal dengan gaya dan struktur yang unik. Dia menilai dirinya sebagai seorang pelukis dan juga penyair. Dalam sebagian besar karyanya, dia menggunakan larik lepas yakni berinovasi dengan gaya menulis baru yang tidak megindahkan aturan atau ketentuan menulis tradisional. Tujuan dari penelitian untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis citraan puisi dan teknik yang digunakan untuk membangun dalam puisi karya E.E. Cummings. Sumber data diambil dari dua puisi berjudul “All in Green” and “Your Little Voice”. Citraan digunakan untuk membuat ide abstrak menjadi nyata dan lebih mudah dikomunikasikan terutama dalam puisi. Dari Analisis, hanya terdapat lima dari tujuh jenis citraan yang digunakan dalam kedua puisi. Kelima citraan tersebut adalah citraan penglihatan, citraan pendengaran, citraan gerak, citraan perasaan dan citraan pengecapan. Kedua teknik deskripsi dan bahasa kiasan digunakan dalam membangun cintraan. Terdapat 9 citraan menggunakan teknik deskripsi dan tujuh citraan mengunakan teknik bahasa kiasan.

Keywords: puisi, citraan, tipe citraan, teknik membangun citraan
POTENTIAL MARINE-DERIVED FUNGI ISOLATED FROM SPONGE IN PRODUCE NEW AND BENEFICIAL COMPOUNDS
Authors: Tanod Wendy Alexander , Muliadin  , Adel Yeldi S. , Dewanto Didit Kustantio
Published: December 2020

Marine organisms are a source of natural products and produce compounds with a molecular structure that is unique and useful. Thousands of new compounds have biological activitity for anticancer, antiviral, and antimicrobial. This compounds isolated from various marine organism, including from marine-derived fungi. Investigation of chemical compounds from marine-derived fungi isolated from sponge has increased steadily, indicating the important role of marine-derived fungi in the discovery of drug compounds. The sponge has produced various kinds of fungi, which have reported to provide a variety of pharmacologically active metabolites and structurally diverse. Study literature showed that many fungal genera isolated from the marine sponge dominated the genus Acremonium, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Phoma, and Fusarium. The high proportion of genera and new compounds showed that the fungi isolated from the sponge could develop.