bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION LEVEL OF CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT AMONG TEACHERS OF SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEBANGSAAN TEBOBON KOTA KINABALU SABAH
Authors: Amatan Mohammad Azri , Raimin Faridah , Paidal Miriani , Majid Dayang Fatimah
Published: January 2025

This study aims to assess the level of implementation of Classroom-Based Assessment (CBA) among teachers at Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Tebobon, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. A total of 92 out of 125 teachers were selected as respondents for this study. A quantitative cross-sectional survey approach was used, and data were collected through a questionnaire and analysed using IBM Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25.0. The results indicated that teachers' knowledge (M=3.90, SD=1.47), skills (M=4.33, SD=1.06), readiness (M=4.36, SD=0.99), and attitudes (M=3.40, SD=1.35) towards the implementation of CBA were high. Conversely, teachers’ perceptions of problems in implementing CBA were at a moderate level (M=2.86, SD=1.38). These findings suggest that teachers have a solid foundation for implementing CBA, but there are moderate issues that need to be addressed, particularly concerning teachers' perceptions of problems in its implementation. The implications of this study are that stakeholders need to focus on strategies that can ensure a smoother and more effective implementation of CBA.
UNDERSTANDING ADOLESCENT GAMING ADDICTION: PREDICTORS, INFLUENCES, AND CONSEQUENCES
Authors: Koay Gim Ling , Syed Abdullah Syed Mohamad
Published: January 2025

Adolescents engaging in online gaming activities as part of leisure activities has become a trend and normal practice. The rapidly growing number of adolescents engaging in problematic gaming behaviour triggered significant attention to the psychosocial, familial, and psychological effects of these behaviours. Understanding the complex nature of gaming addiction is crucial to altering interventions and preventative strategies that help adolescents deal with internet gaming addiction behaviours. Therefore, the systematic literature review (SLR), conducted using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) framework, included 21 peer-reviewed articles to identify the psychological predictors and psychosocial predictors and examine the role with regard to both factors in the gaming addiction development among adolescents; to explore the social influences, such as social norms, peer influences, and family dynamics, on adolescent gaming behaviour; and to understand the role of emotional regulation and psychological well-being in adolescent gaming behaviours. Research showed that sensation seeking, social anxiety, internalizing symptoms, as well as low self-esteem are significant predictors of problematic gaming among adolescents. Personality traits and the early onset of gaming activities also influence the development of internet gaming disorders. Peer pressure, peers’ gaming habits, social norms, and the social context significantly influenced adolescents' gaming habits. The involvement of parents and family dynamics plays a crucial role in effective interventions for gaming addiction behaviours. Studies also highlighted that adolescents’ emotional regulation difficulties are strongly associated with problematic gaming behaviours. Moreover, the long-term effects of gaming addiction behaviours include lower self-esteem, life satisfaction, and social support. A comprehensive and thorough intervention addressing psychosocial predictors, social influence, peers, emotional regulations, family roles, and family dynamics can improve the effectiveness of prevention and intervention measures for adolescents with problematic gaming. This SLR offers a thorough review of current research on internet gaming addiction with the aim of assisting educators, counsellors, and clinicians in managing adolescents’ gaming addiction.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW: INTEGRATIVE STRATEGIES FOR REDUCING AGGRESSION IN CHILDREN THROUGH PSYCHOEDUCATION AND FAMILY INTERVENTIONS
Authors: Saleh Zulfa , Syed Abdullah Syed Mohamad
Published: January 2025

The study focuses on behavioral disorders and aggression in children and adolescents, examining three main areas: adapting behavioral interventions to cultural and contextual factors, implementing parental and family interventions for child behavioral health, and utilizing psychoeducational interventions for aggression and behavior disorders. A meticulous examination and integration of top-notch studies were carried out using the PRISMA approach. The findings from Theme 1 indicate that the use of social skills training and cognitive-behavioral approaches leads to a significant decrease in hostility and an improvement in behavioral outcomes. Theme 2 emphasizes the efficacy of parental and family interventions in diminishing aggressive behaviors through the improvement of parenting skills, communication, and family dynamics. Theme 3 highlights the significance of cultural and contextual modifications, acknowledging that customized interventions are both more efficient and enduring. To effectively manage aggressiveness in children and adolescents, it is important to use a comprehensive approach that combines psychoeducational therapy, family-centered initiatives, and culturally relevant modifications. By adopting a multidisciplinary approach, not only may aggressive behavior be reduced, but resilience and coping strategies can also be promoted, resulting in healthier developmental outcomes. The study also emphasizes the importance of integrating behavioral approaches and psychoeducation with a focus on prevention when it comes to combating and preventing teenage violence among us.
READINESS OF SCHOOL LEADERS IN MALAYSIA TO FACE THE VUCA (VOLATILE, UNCERTAIN, COMPLEX, AMBIGUOUS) ERA: A RECENT COMPREHENSIVE STRUCTURED REVIEW
Authors: Mutil Graciella , Busari Abdul Halim , Mazlan Mohammad Nur Azhar , Ujil Andrew Thomas
Published: January 2025

The current era, characterized by volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity (VUCA), presents significant challenges for school leaders globally, including in Malaysia. This systematic literature review aims to assess the readiness of Malaysian school leaders to navigate these challenges effectively. The study addresses the pressing issue of whether current leadership practices and training are sufficient to equip leaders with the necessary skills and competencies. To achieve this, we conducted an extensive search of scholarly articles from reputable databases such as Scopus and Web of Science, focusing on studies published between 2020 and 2024. The flow of study based on PRISMA framework. The database found (n=18) final primary data was analysed. The finding was divided into three themes which is (1) Leadership in Turbulent and Uncertain Times, (2) Inclusivity and Equity in School Leadership and (3) Technological Integration and Innovation in Education. The findings underscore the urgency for policy reforms and the implementation of comprehensive training frameworks to bolster leadership capabilities in the education sector. In conclusion, while there are pockets of excellence, the overall readiness of Malaysian school leaders to face the VUCA era is insufficient, necessitating immediate and sustained efforts to enhance their preparedness through strategic initiatives and continuous professional development.
Społeczeństwo obywatelskie
Authors: Dzwończyk Joanna
Published: January 2025

DEFINICJA POJĘCIA: Nie istnieje uniwersalna, powszechnie akceptowana i wykorzystywana definicja społeczeństwa obywatelskiego. Największym problemem jest fakt, że współcześnie dominuje paradygmat „negatywnej” definicji społeczeństwa obywatelskiego, zgodnie z którym pojęcie to odnosi się do obszaru, który nie podlega bezpośrednio władzy państwowej.
ANALIZA HISTORYCZNA POJĘCIA: W historii społeczeństwa obywatelskiego można, w pewnym uproszczeniu, wyróżnić trzy fazy. W pierwszej z nich dominowało podejście republikańskie. W drugiej – liberalne. Trzecia faza to okres współczesny, charakteryzujący się przewagą tradycji liberalnej, w którym z jednej strony pojawiają się zupełnie nowe problemy takie jak filaryzacja społeczeństwa obywatelskiego czy konieczność sprostania wyzwaniom związanym z globalizacją, z drugiej zaś nowe jego warianty (np. asertywne czy krytyczne społeczeństwo obywatelskie).
UJĘCIE PROBLEMOWE POJĘCIA: Celem tekstu jest przedstawienie zarysu rozwoju i ewolucji społeczeństwa obywatelskiego oraz pokazanie wyzwań, z którymi mierzy się ono obecnie. W pierwszej części przedstawione zostaną dwie tradycje podejścia do społeczeństwa obywatelskiego i różne jego modele w przekroju historycznym. W kolejnej omówiona zostanie jego specyfika w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem Polski. Następnie zasygnalizowane zostaną współczesne wyzwania stojące przed społeczeństwem obywatelskim, jak też dylematy dotyczące perspektyw ujmowania fenomenu społeczeństwa obywatelskiego.
REFLEKSJA SYSTEMATYCZNA Z WNIOSKAMI I REKOMENDACJAMI: W tekście wykazano niejednoznaczność samego pojęcia „społeczeństwo obywatelskie”, jak również jego pogłębiającą się złożoność/wieloaspektowość. Mimo wszystkich tych ograniczeń wskazano na jego funkcjonalną niezbędność w dzisiejszej rzeczywistości społeczno-politycznej zarówno na poziomie krajowym, jak i globalnym.
Radykalizm polityczny
Authors: Gniazdowski Andrzej
Published: January 2025

DEFINICJA POJĘCIA: Radykalizm jako zjawisko polityczne stanowi przeciwieństwo politycznego umiarkowania, polegając na bezkompromisowej walce o szybką, systemową zmianę praw i sposobów sprawowania władzy uznanych za niesprawiedliwe.
ANALIZA HISTORYCZNA POJĘCIA: Rys historyczny pojęcia radykalizmu politycznego obejmuje jego analizę nie tylko z punktu widzenia historii pojęć, lecz również historii idei, to znaczy rekonstrukcję zarówno faktycznych kontekstów stosowania i przekształceń znaczeniowych tego pojęcia, jak i jego genealogii intelektualnej.
UJĘCIE PROBLEMOWE POJĘCIA: Problematyzacja znaczenia pojęcia radykalizmu politycznego polega na jego odróżnieniu od innych radykalizmów (np. „społecznego”, względnie „narodowego”), pojęć o znaczeniu przeciwstawnym (np. „tradycjonalizm”, „konserwatyzm”, „liberalizm klasyczny”) i pokrewnym (np. „ekstremizm”, „populizm”), a także próbie typologii zjawisk politycznych, do których to pojęcie się odnosi (np. „radykalizm lewicowy” i „radykalizm prawicowy”).
REFLEKSJA SYSTEMATYCZNA Z WNIOSKAMI I REKOMENDACJAMI: Celem systematycznej refleksji nad współczesnymi zjawiskami politycznymi, do których stosuje się pojęcie radykalizmu (światopoglądów, ideologii, doktryn, partii, ruchów politycznych etc.), jest próba zarysowania perspektyw przyszłego stosowania tego pojęcia w kontekście współczesnych przemian cywilizacyjnych.
Relacje międzygrupowe
Authors: Smoleń Jerzy
Published: January 2025

DEFINICJA POJĘCIA: Relacje międzygrupowe to złożone interakcje zachodzące pomiędzy grupami społecznymi. Wyrażane są przez poglądy, stosunki emocjonalne oraz zachowania. Podmioty relacji mogą mieć wobec siebie stosunek pozytywny (wyrażający się m.in. we współpracy, solidarności) lub negatywny (którego przejawami są m.in. stereotypy, uprzedzenia, dyskryminacja).
ANALIZA HISTORYCZNA POJĘCIA: Pojęcie ma początek w XX wieku (badania Kurta Lewina poświęcone dynamice grupy). Na rozwój zagadnienia miały wpływ wydarzenia drugiej wojny światowej, Holocaustu, zimnej wojny i segregacji. Cenne dla tego obszaru rozważań są eksperymenty m.in. Muzafera Sheriffa (konflikty międzygrupowe), Henriego Tajfela (teoria tożsamości społecznej), Irwinga Janisa (mechanizm jednomyślności grupy). Współczesne badania skupiają się na globalizacji i informatyzacji relacji międzygrupowych.
UJĘCIE PROBLEMOWE POJĘCIA: Interakcje między grupami opisują pojęcia stereotyp (uogólnione postrzeganie danej grupy), uprzedzenie (negatywny stosunek do grupy) oraz dyskryminacja (negatywne postrzeganie i traktowanie innej grupy). Przywiązanie do zbiorowości warunkuje postrzeganie innych. Status społeczny grupy wpływa na jej tendencję do obrony jego źródła. Grupy mają skłonność do odczłowieczania członków grupy przeciwnej. Globalizacja oraz informatyzacja świata przyniosły zintensyfikowanie dynamiki relacji międzygrupowych. Ich wielość powoduje zmniejszenie wzajemnych uprzedzeń, solidarność, wspólne działanie. Niebezpieczeństwo stanowią poczucie bezkarności wynikające z anonimowości, profilowanie i komercjalizacja treści.
REFLEKSJA SYSTEMATYCZNA Z WNIOSKAMI I REKOMENDACJAMI: Antagonizmy między zbiorowościami powstają przez różnorodność grup oraz ochronę wyrażanych wartości. Potrzebne jest badanie relacji międzygrupowych na tle różnych kultur, a także powszechna nauka o etyce online i konsekwencjach cyfrowych działań.
Aktywność i bierność polityczna
Authors: Szczegóła Lech
Published: January 2025

DEFINICJA POJĘCIA: Zakres problematyki wyznaczanej przez pojęcia aktywności i bierności politycznej (partycypacji w polityce) jest uwikłany w sposób, w jaki definiowana jest sama sfera polityki, oraz zależy od ustrojowego kształtu relacji władza – społeczeństwo. Możliwe jest tu rozumienie wąskie i szerokie. Pierwsze z pojęć, aktywność polityczna, oznacza wszelkie działania jednostek i zbiorowości zmierzające do wywarcia wpływu na procesy decyzyjne instytucji władzy publicznej. Drugie, bierność polityczna, włącza inne zachowania służące wyrażaniu przekonań czy wartości, które w danym kontekście posiadają polityczny sens albo służą integracji działającego na ich rzecz środowiska.
ANALIZA HISTORYCZNA POJĘCIA: W refleksji nad zachowaniami politycznymi (obywateli lub poddanych) współistnieją dwa podejścia badawcze: mikroanalityczne (analiza socjodemograficznych cech osób angażujących się – bądź nie – w działania, pozwalająca poznać, co sprzyja podejmowaniu aktywności w sferze politycznej (publicznej)) i makroanalityczne (sumaryczny obraz relacji zachodzących między zachowaniami politycznymi społeczeństwa a kondycją i funkcjonowaniem określonego systemu władzy).
UJĘCIE PROBLEMOWE POJĘCIA: Refleksja nad partycypacją polityczną koncentruje się na empirycznym rozpoznaniu tych form i uwarunkowań uczestnictwa w nich. Współcześnie jest ona rozwijana na kilku autonomicznych obszarach badawczych: analizie zachowań wyborczych, kultury politycznej, samoorganizacji społeczeństwa obywatelskiego, działalności ruchów społecznych. Główny dylemat ma jednak charakter normatywny. Wynika z pytań o to, jaki wzór zachowań obywateli jest dla ładu politycznego najbardziej pożądany. Konfrontują się na tym polu różne (republikańska i liberalna) tradycje ideowe oraz teorie demokracji.
REFLEKSJA SYSTEMATYCZNA Z WNIOSKAMI I REKOMENDACJAMI: Rozpoznanie obrazu różnic pomiędzy aktywną i bierną częścią populacji komplikuje dzisiaj rosnąca wielość sposobów partycypowania w życiu politycznym. Skomplikowaniu ulega również analiza mechanizmów i agend, które mają wpływ na dyspozycję do aktywności oraz formę, jaką one w praktyce przybierają.
Autorytaryzm i totalitaryzm
Authors: Kiwior-Filo Małgorzata
Published: January 2025

DEFINICJA POJĘCIA: Istnieje wiele podejść do autorytaryzmu i totalitaryzmu, ale najczęściej utożsamiane są one z niedemokratycznymi systemami władzy. Autorytaryzm ogranicza wolności w sferze publicznej, natomiast totalitaryzm rozciąga kontrolę polityczną na wszystkie aspekty społecznej i jednostkowej egzystencji, włącznie z prywatnością.
ANALIZA HISTORYCZNA POJĘCIA: Totalitaryzm jest fenomenem XX wieku. Treść i zakres pojęcia autorytaryzmu odnosi się do reżimów powstałych w Europie po I wojnie światowej w latach 20. i 30. Wtedy też zapoczątkowane zostały empiryczne studia psychologiczne nad autorytaryzmem, a ich intensyfikacja nastąpiła od lat 50. XX wieku. Badania te nie ograniczają się jedynie do „historycznej rekonstrukcji”, ale ukazują całą złożoność zjawisk i procesów, które pozostają „kluczem” do odczytania historii XX wieku.
UJĘCIE PROBLEMOWE POJĘCIA: Próby wyjaśnienia totalitaryzmu odwołują się zazwyczaj do dwóch klasycznych teorii: politycznej, w której totalitaryzm interpretowany jest jako podbudowany ideologicznie system instytucji pozostających pod kontrolą monopartii, stosujący terror w celu utrzymania ludzi w posłuchu, oraz antropologicznej, nakazującej postrzegać totalitaryzm jako konsekwencję szczególnych predyspozycji ludzkich ujawniających się w pewnych okolicznościach historycznych i społecznych, prowadzących do zniewolenia.
REFLEKSJA SYSTEMATYCZNA Z WNIOSKAMI I REKOMENDACJAMI: Demokratyczne dziedzictwo nie stanowi automatycznej ochrony przed tyranią. Doświadczenia przeszłości i wiedza o nich powinny zawsze skłaniać do refleksji nad rzeczywistością, której doświadczamy, i obroną przed utratą tego, co cenimy, ponieważ „dusza ludzka” nie wyzwoliła się z totalitarnych pokus, a te pozostały równie żywe jak sto lat temu.
The relevance of the Venice Charter today
Authors: Gizzi Stefano
Published: January 2025

The intention of the research is to verify how current the Venice Charter is and how valid it still is today. The main field of criticism was that the Charter was an expression of a Eurocentric mentality or a Western-only vision. But, bearing in mind all the signatories of that document, we instead see how it was the fruit of varied experiences and expressions from various parts of the world.
Fabrication and Evaluation of Anti-Microbial Efficacy of Root Canal Sealer Using Moringa Oleifera Extract
Authors: Bakhtawar Yaqoob  , Moeen Faisal , Khalid Maria , Humayoun Sadaf , Ashraf Nousheen , Ul Ain Qurat
Published: January 2025

of different root canal sealers, new alternative agents are required. These new root canal sealers should ideally be easy to formulate as well as cost-efficient as well. In developing countries, healthcare products derived from natural/herbal sources are of common use. Moringa oleifera is a plant with reported antimicrobial properties. The extract of this plant can be easily formulated, within an economical range. Our study investigated the use of Moringa oleifera extract as a root canal sealer material by fabricating it and assessing its antimicrobial activity.
Objective: To fabricate a root canal sealer by using extract of Moringa Oleifera, evaluate and compare the antimicrobial activity with Endomethasone N.
Methodology: A  new Moringa Oleifera extract (ME) mixture was made and characterization was done using SEM, FT-IR and UV-vis spectrophotometry. In order to evaluate antimicrobial activity, agar well diffusion method was used. The antimicrobial activity was measured by their zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) and Escherichia coli.
Results: The ME mixture exhibited a non-homogenous mixture with a range of particle size distribution. Further, it showed highest zone of inhibition (36.36 + 3.74 mm) against S.aureus in comparison to Endomethasone N.
Conclusion: The results of ME mixture were better than Endomethasone N in terms antimicrobial efficacy. It can be concluded that ME mixture would serve as a better replacement in place of other root canal sealers.
Optimizing transparent quantum-dot LEDs on plastic substrates: enhancing performance through dielectric/metal/dielectric electrode design
Authors: Kim Jimyoung , Lee Honyeon
Published: January 2025

This study explores the optimization of transparent quantum-dot LEDs (TQLEDs) on polyethylene naphthalate substrates, focusing on dielectric/metal/dielectric electrode structures. By employing MoO
x
/Ag/MoO
x
and WO
x
/Ag/WO
x
as the cathode and anode, respectively, we demonstrated enhanced device performance through precise control of the WO
x
layer thickness, significantly improving luminance and efficiency. These TQLEDs exhibit superior light emission comparable to opaque quantum-dot LEDs while ensuring transparency, which is crucial for automotive and architectural applications. Our findings highlight TQLEDs’ potential as a next-generation technology for flexible, transparent displays.
The Influence of Korean early language on the Creation of Chinese Characters - Based on the relationship between The “不sound” clusters, “丕sound” clusters, “否sound” clusters, “咅sound” clusters and the Ancient Korean language
Authors:   The Society For Chinese Humanities In Korea, Kim Eun Ju , Kim Ha-jong
Published: January 2025

When studying The Old Chinese sound, you will find vocabulary that is the same as or similar to ancient Korean, which has raised the problem of borrowing vocabulary between the two countries. A systematic approach is needed to examine the borrowing problem, and in this paper, the study was conducted by using Phonetic Radical System.
First of all, after examining the systematic correspondence with ancient Korean through [*kl(r)-]-type Compound initial consonant 圭 Phonetic Radicals([*kwrigs]) and 丯 Phonetic Radicals([*kre:ds]), we found that the [*pl(r)-]-type Compound initial consonant also systematically corresponded to ancient Korean through research on 辟 Phonetic Radicals([*pleg]), 不 Phonetic Radicals([*pɯd]), 丕 Phonetic Radicals([*phrɯ]), 否 Phonetic Radicals([*brɯʔ]), and 咅 Phonetic Radicals([*pʰlɯ̠s ̠]) are also very systematically corresponding to ancient Korean in terms of 'monthly circulation' and 'pregnancy'.
Based on these, it concluded that this could never be seen as an ordinary borrowing relationship, given that the response between the Compound initial consonant of Old Chinese sound and ancient Korean was broad, had a large number of related derivatives, and that it would not completely rule out the possibility that Korean ancestral language had a certain influence on the creation of Chinese characters during the Ancient Chinese language period, where many Compound initial consonant were believed to have existed.
Reflections on the Authenticity of Wang Zhenpeng's The Holy Map of Confucius
Authors:   The Society For Chinese Humanities In Korea, Moon Mi-Jin
Published: January 2025

This paper is a re-examination of the existing theories about the creator of The Holy Map of Confucius(｢孔子聖蹟圖｣).
Although paintings depicting Confucius, revered as the greatest philosopher and educator of Chinese antiquity, date from as early as the Han Dynasty, most of them depict episodic events or representations of Confucius.
Unlike these paintings, The Holy Map of Confucius is a kind of great man's picture book or great man's picture scroll, which is a multi-page collection of meaningful events from Confucius' life.
The theory that Wang Zhenpeng(王振鵬) of the Yuan Dynasty was the creator of The Holy Map of Confucius, which combines text and images, has been around for more than 100 years, but only recently has it been challenged.
In 1445, Deng Chi(鄧棨) stated that the illustrations, descriptions, and Zan(贊) in the Holy Map of Confucius were created by Zhang Kai(張楷), but unfortunately, this source has not been used to identify the creator of The Holy Map of Confucius Advanced researchers who support the theory of Wang Zhenpeng's authorship have relied on the texts attached to the back of the painting as their main source of evidence, but If we carefully observe the explanatory text and Zan on the picture, and the years of birth and death of the people who wrote the postscrip, may lead to the conclusion that the extant Wang Zhenpeng's Confucius Saint Painting is not an authentic work and may be a forgery made by a craftsman.
A Study on the Types of Intergenerational Education in Rural China and Its Influence on the Education of Left-behind Children
Authors:   The Society For Chinese Humanities In Korea, Wang Hu-bin , Zhang Jia-yan
Published: January 2025

Intergenerational parenting has become an important model of child rearing in current families, and grandparents play an important role in the growth process of rural left-behind children. It is particularly important to explore the impact of intergenerational parenting on academic performance of rural left-behind children as comprehensively as possible. Based on the data of the 2013-2014 Chinese Education Panel Survey(CEPS), this paper empirically studies the causal effect of intergenerational parenting and academic performance of rural left-behind children. The results show that: compared with the control group raised by parents, the provision of intergenerational education is generally beneficial to the improvement of the academic performance of rural left-behind children, and the effect of complete intergenerational education is the most obvious; Heterogeneity analysis found that, compared with the left-behind girls and only children, the left-behind boys and non-only children were more significantly affected by the left-behind boys and non-only children. With the accelerated development of China’s aging population and the implementation of the three-child policy, there will be more and more non-only-child and intergenerational families. Relevant policies should be introduced to optimize the family model of intergenerational education to improve the education quality of children and make full use of aging human resources to promote children's learning and physical and mental health.
A Sentiment Analysis Study of ‘真是’ Using ChatGPT
Authors:   The Society For Chinese Humanities In Korea, Shin Geun Young
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we utilized ChatGPT to quantitatively analyze the emotional coloring of ‘真是’, including the ratio of its positive and negative, neutral usage. Due to the limitations in analyzing a large number of sentences individually, we employed a research method leveraging ChatGPT. The analysis results showed that out of 1000 sentences, 531 (53.1%) exhibited positive emotional coloring, while 451 (45.1%) displayed negative emotional coloring, 18 (1.8%) exhibited positive emotional coloring. This indicates a higher frequency of positive emotional usage compared to the negative connotations suggested by dictionary definitions. This finding significantly contrasts with the definitions of ‘真是’presented in “The Contemporary Chinese Dictionary (7th Edition)” and “Eight Hundred Words in Modern Chinese (Revised and Enlarged Edition)”. These dictionaries define ‘真是’ as a verb and idiom expressing negative emotions. However, examination of the CCL corpus reveals that ‘真是’ is not only used in these two ways but also frequently appears as an adverb. This raises the question of why these three usages are not fully defined in the aforementioned dictionaries. The three different uses of ‘真是’ can be viewed as part of a continuous and unified process of language evolution. Language is a tool for human communication, naturally evolving, transmitting, and adapting as people's living environments change. The combination of ‘真’ and ‘是’, originally words with substantial meanings, has evolved into a grammatical function word and further developed into a pragmatic discourse marker as an idiom. This process can be seen as a natural stage in the evolution of language.
A Study on the Theme of Frustration (不遇) in Li Bai's Poetry - Transcendental Self and hiding in nature
Authors:   The Society For Chinese Humanities In Korea, Jang Su-yeon
Published: January 2025

This study examines the aspects of frustration (不遇) consciousness in Li Bai's poetry and its literary sublimation process. Li Bai's poetry of frustration demonstrates two distinctive characteristics. First, he responded to his circumstances through social criticism and pursuit of transcendental self. While criticizing the irrational political reality of the Tang Dynasty, Li Bai sought to transcend secular values through Taoist thought. His critique of reality went beyond mere negation or resistance, combining with Taoist transcendental consciousness to create a unique poetic realm.
Second, he attempted to overcome his frustration through seclusion in nature and admiration for immortals. For Li Bai, nature was not simply a place of escape but a space for spiritual purification and transcendence. His yearning for immortality symbolized an ideal of achieving spiritual freedom beyond worldly troubles. This natural seclusion and orientation toward immortality were formed under the influence of contemporary Taoist thought, well demonstrating the characteristics of Li Bai's poetry that pursued a higher level of spiritual freedom beyond the limitations of reality.
Li Bai's poetry of frustration holds a unique position in the High Tang period. While profoundly depicting the consciousness of frustration commonly experienced by contemporary literati, he achieved a new dimension of poetic sublimation by combining it with Taoist thought. His poetic achievement is particularly significant in that he transformed the consciousness of frustration into an opportunity for active spiritual transcendence, going beyond mere frustration or pessimism through two response methods: social criticism with transcendental consciousness, and natural seclusion with admiration for immortals.
A Study on the Origin and Transitions in Tomb and Storage theory of Earth out of the Five Elements
Authors:   The Society For Chinese Humanities In Korea, Lee Heung-ju
Published: January 2025

This paper examines the origin, meaning, and application of tomb(墓) and storage(庫) theory of Earth(土) in the JinSulChookMi(辰戌丑未) out of the Five Elements(五行). Concerning the distinction of tomb and storage, in Gwak Park(郭璞)'s original text, Jangong(張顒)'s 『Okjojeongjingyung(玉照定眞經)』, and Seo Ja-pyeong(徐子平)'s 『Okjoxinnengjingyung(玉照神應眞經)』, had claimed the Powerful Qi(旺氣) as storage, and the Weak Qi as tomb. On the contrary to this claim, the authors of other books such as 『Lihezhongmingshu(李虛中命書)』 and etc used both terms tomb and storage interchangeably. However, the author of 『Myeongriyakeon(命理約言)』, Jin So-Am(陣素庵) only referred to Joonggi(中氣) of the Jijangan(支藏干) as tomb and used the terms storage and tomb interchangeably. Jin So-Am, the author of book 『Myeongriyakeon(命理約言)』, distinguished the terms of opening storage with this case; Penalty(刑) meets Moving(動) and collision(沖) meets launching(發), and Activating(發動) becomes opening Storage. He suggested Hyung·Choong·Pa·Hae(刑·沖·破·害) as a way of opening storage. The author of 『Japyeongjinjeon(子平眞詮)』, Shim Hyo-cheom(沈孝瞻) argued that Hyung, Choong(刑沖) is acceptable as the way of opening storage, but that the opening of Wood·Fire·Metal·Water(木火金水) is an error of book writers, and only the Hyung(沖) of Earth(土) is possible. On the other hand, the author of 『Jeokcheonsucheonmi(滴天髓闡微)』, Lim Cheol-cho(任鐵樵), said that one should judge opening storage carefully according to destiny(命). The character of entering the storage(入庫) is still interpreted as the five elements entering the storehouse. In the 『Sanmingtonghui(三命通會)』, If the command of the ten stars that have been received is transmitted to the heavens and works for good, you can enjoy blessings, but if they are not transmitted, You have to be a good judge of the strength and weakness of your destiny. Entering the tomb(入墓) means to enter a tomb, and is used negatively compared to entering the storage(入庫). In the 『Lihezhongmingshu(李虛中命書)』 When the Five Elements are in the fortune of entering the tomb(入墓), one should be humble and reserved in order to preserve their wealth.
Pengaruh Penambahan Alur pada Permukaan Sudu Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Darrieus H terhadap Kinerja Wind Turbine
Authors: Sitanggang Rickie Natanael , Gatot Soebiyakto  , Nova Risdiyanto Ismail  , Purbo Suwandono
Published: January 2025

Pemanfaatan energi angin sebagai sumber tenaga penghasil energi listrik di Indonesia saat ini umumnya masih tergolong rendah. kecepatan angin di wilayah Indonesia rata-rata  memiliki kecepatan angin yang rendah, berkisar dari 3 m/s - 5 m/s. Turbin angin merupakan salah satu jenis turbin angin yang dapat digunakan untuk menghasilkan energi listrik dan  jenis turbin angin yang digunakan adalah Vertikal Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya output dan efisiensi kinerja turbin angin vertikal dengan menambahkan alur pada permukaan sudu turbin. Variasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah variasi alur miring, alur horizontal dan alur vertikal. Kecepatan angin yang digunakan yakni 4,8 m/s, 5,7 m/s dan 6,9 m/s. Turbin dengan penambahan alur miring dengan kecepatan angin 6,9 m/s menghasilkan nilai tertinggi dengan daya output 5,75 Watt dan efisiensi 22,75% dan untuk yang terendah terdapat pada alur vertikal dengan kecepatan angin 4,8 m/s menghasilkan nilai daya output 0,92 Watt.
Pengetahuan Pedagang Ikan Asin Terhadap Keberadaan Formalin di Pasar Tradisional Kota Palembang
Authors: Sari Sepiradarma , Anwar Khairil , Navianti Diah
Published: January 2025

Latar Belakang: Formalin merupakan bahan kimia yang dilarang penggunaannya dan sering disalahgunakan oleh masyarakat sebagai bahan tambahan pangan pengawet makanan contohnya pada ikan asin. Kurangnya pengetahuan, pedagang akan menjadikan perilaku pedagang terbiasa menggunakan formalin tanpa memperhatikan dan mempertimbangakan apakah formalin yang digunakan baik atau tidak untuk kesehatan. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan diketahuinya gambaran keberadaan formalin, pengetahuan pedagang ikan asin di Pasar Tradisional Kecamatan Seberang Ulu I Kota Palembang. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan rancangan potong lintang. Populasi Penelitian ini sebanyak 50 pedagang ikan asin. Pengambilan sampel ikan asin dilakukan secara Purposive Sampling dengan beberapa pertimbangan tertentu, kemudian dilakukan uji laboratorium dengan Test Kit Formaldehyde secara kualitatif. Data dianalisis secara univariat, dan bivariat. Hasil Penelitian: Berdasarkan hasil uji laboratorium dari 17 sampel ikan asin yang diambil sebanyak 13 sampel (76,5%) positif formalin. Dari 33 pedagang dengan Pengetahuan Baik diperoleh 8 sampel (24,2%) positif formalin, sedangkan dari 17 pedagang dengan Pengetahuan Kurang Baik diperoleh 5 sampel (29,4%) positif. Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa sebagian besar pedagang yang memiliki Pengetahuan Baik, masih ditemukannya keberadaan formalin dalam ikan asin yang dijual di pasar tradisional, tidak menutup kemungkinan bahwa setiap pedagang dapat menjual makanan yang berformalin tanpa mereka sadari. Disarankan kepada masyarakat untuk lebih teliti dan hati-hati dalam membeli ikan asin dengan memperhatikan kondisi fisik ikan asin.
Pengaruh Media Leaflet dan Video TikTok Penggunaan APD Terhadap Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Praktik Pada Industri Furniture
Authors: Pertiwi Dwi Pajria , Haryono Haryono , Ganefati Sri Fuji
Published: January 2025

Latar Belakang: Kecelakaan kerja adalah kejadian kecelakaan yang terjadi di lingkungan kerja, termasuk perjalanan dari rumah ke tempat kerja dan sebaliknya, serta penyakit akibat lingkungan kerja. Faktor penyebab utama kecelakaan kerja adalah faktor manusia (unsafe human acts) dengan persentase 80%-85% dan faktor lingkungan (unsafe condition) dengan persentase 20%. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh media leaflet dan video Tiktok terhadap pengetahuan, sikap dan praktik pekerja industri furniture di Kabupaten Sleman Yogyakarta.
Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah Quasi Experiment dengan menggunakan desain One Group Pre-test Pos-test. Responden dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 54 responden yang terdiri dari 30 pekerja furniture kelompok Video TikTok dan 24 pekerja furniture kelompok Media Leaflet. Analisis statistik dengan uji independent t-test dan uji mann-whitney.
Hasil: Hasil uji independent t-test pada pengetahuan didapatkan nilai p-value <0.05 yaitu 0.010. Hasil uji mann-whitney pada sikap didapatkan p-value>0.05 yaitu 0.068. Hasil uji mann-whitney pada praktik didapatkan nilai p-value>0.05 yaitu 0.109.
Kesimpulan: Media leaflet lebih efektif terhadap tingkat pengetahuan dibandingkan dengan video TikTok, sedangkan sikap dan praktik tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan, sehingga sama efektifnya.
Kata kunci : Video TikTok, Media Leaflet, Penggunaan APD.
Development and performance of a hot-press machine for particle-board production
Authors: Hassan-Ajao O. Q. , Moradeyo O. A. , Omoniyi T. E.
Published: January 2025

Waste management in wood and agricultural processing industries conserves resources, energy, and money. Hot-press machines can help small-scale producers afford essential materials like lamination, composites, and woodworking, but current models struggle with tracking process parameters, frequent maintenance, and productivity loss. This research aim at development of a hot-press machine for composite production. Design for the machine include the frame upper and lower platens, hydraulic-jack-base, and mixing-unit, control-box, mould and mould-plate. The components bought off-shelve were hydraulic-jack, heating-element, thermostat, and pressure-gauge. Design done accordance to standard methods. Fabrication process was done at Works and Maintenance Metal Workshop, University of Ibadan. Agricultural-waste Z.mays-cob were sourced, milled, air dried and sieved and retention on sieve number 2.00mm was used for the composite production. Performance evaluation of the machine was done using 60:40; 70:30 and 80:20, of Z.mays-cob particle and Urea-Formaldehyde as the composite-mix ratio. Density, water-absorption, and thickness-swelling were determined for 2 and 24hours respectively. Optimal temperature was 1200C and regulated with thermostat connected to 1500W heating-element, while 3bar pressure-gauge was incorporated onto a 5ton hydraulic-jack. The board densities were significant. Water-absorption and thickness-swelling were found favourably. The hot-press machine was successfully developed with a cost of $95 and was able to produce composite board suitable for interior usage from agricultural-waste.
Canine Rabies in Gwagwalada Area Council: Case Reports
Authors: Umar Faruk Abdullahi , Muhammad Asabe Hajara , Enem Simon Ikechuckwu
Published: January 2025

Despite efforts by the World Health Organization (WHO) to eliminate rabies by 2030, the disease remains endemic in many developing countries, including Nigeria. These reports highlight the recent cases of rabies in Gwagwalada Area Council, where an unvaccinated domestic dog and two stray dogs exhibited classic signs of rabies, raising public health concerns in the area. The confirmed case involved a five-month-old Caucasian puppy that exhibited signs of aggression, hypersalivation, and seizures before its death. The other two cases, though not laboratory-confirmed, showed signs that were consistent with those of rabid animals. probable rabies symptoms after biting humans and animals in local villages. Following the outbreak, local veterinary authorities implemented immediate control measures, including community sensitization campaigns, mass vaccination drives for dogs, and enhanced surveillance to monitor at-risk populations. This report underscores the challenges of rabies control in semi-urban Nigerian settings, where cultural beliefs, such as consuming organs from suspected rabid animals, contribute to persistent transmission risks. It further emphasizes the need for continuous rabies education, improved access to PEP for bite victims, and intersectoral collaboration to ensure comprehensive rabies management. These cases demonstrated that rabies control requires a sustained, community-based approach tailored to local practices and resources, alongside stronger governmental support to bridge the gap between policy goals and on-the-ground challenges in endemic regions. Addressing these challenges is essential for Nigeria to contribute meaningfully to the global goal of rabies elimination by 2030.
Prevalence of Clinical Cases of Cats Presented at Veterinary Clinics in Abuja Muncipal Area Council (AMAC) in FCT, Abuja Nigeria
Authors: Umeakuana P. U. , Ogwuche B. , Onah J. A.
Published: January 2025

The study investigated the prevalence of clinical conditions in cats presented to the two selected Veterinary clinics in Abuja Municipal Area Council (AMAC) from July to November 2023. A total of 591 Cases of pet species were presented to the two selected clinics of which 366/591 (61.93%) were dogs, 209/591(35.36) Cats, 12/591(2.03%) Birds, 2/591(0.34%) Rabbits and 2/591(0.34%) Tortoise. The most occurring clinical Condition in cats were Helminthosis (7.66%)/209 followed by open wound 9/209 (4.31%). October period has the highest number of cases 72/209(34.35%) followed by September 52/209(24.88%) while the month with lowest cat cases was November 23/209(11.00%). The mostly presented breed was Domestic short hair with frequency of 134/209(64.11%) followed by Persian 47/209(22.49%). female were more presented to the selected clinics111/209 (53.11%) than males 98/209 (46.89%), and junior cats aged 7 months to 2 years were mostly presented with the highest frequency of 93/209(44.50%) followed by kittens 46/209(22.01%). Cats with full confinement has the highest frequency 133/209(63.64%) followed by partial confinement 71/209(33.97) while the lowest is nonconfinement 5/209(2.39%). Requests for routine check and vaccination were the major reasons cat owners present their cats to the Veterinary clinics, with a frequency of 71/209(33.97%). Keeping in view these finding, an appropriate prevention and control strategies could be designed and applied against various disease condition in cat in the study area.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Gastrointestinal Helminth Infections in Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) in Borno State, Northeastern Nigeria
Authors: Jallailudeen Rabana Lawal , Halima Mshelia Pindar , Saraya Hyeladzira Mshelia , Umar Isa Ibrahim , Abdullahi Abubakar Biu , Adamu Maina Umar , Abubakar Abba Kaka
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the prevalence and risk factors associated with gastrointestinal helminth infections in turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) in Borno State, Northeastern Nigeria. A total of 650 turkeys were sampled from five Local Government Areas (LGAs) across the state, employing a purposive non-probability sampling technique over a 12-month period, spanning both rainy and dry seasons. The study population included turkeys of both sexes, of various age groups reared under free-range and intensive management systems, with faecal samples collected from farms, while gastrointestinal tracts after post-mortem from live poultry markets and veterinary hospitals. Gastrointestinal tracts and faecal samples were examined for adults and ova of nematodes and cestodes using standard parasitological methods. The overall prevalence of nematode infections was 41.2%, with Ascaridia galli being the most common (17.7%), followed by Heterakis gallinarum (13.1%), Capillaria spp. (6.8%), and Strongyloides avium (3.7%). Cestode infections were detected in 14.3% of turkeys, predominantly Raillietina tetragona (6.8%), Choanotaenia infundibulum (3.8%), and Davainea proglottina (2.8%). Mixed infections were found in 11.5% of turkeys. Free-range turkeys exhibited significantly higher prevalence of nematodes (56.3%) and mixed infections (20.6%) compared to intensively managed birds (25.2% and 2.5%, respectively) (p < 0.0001). Seasonal variation was significant, with a higher prevalence during the rainy season (61.8%) compared to the dry season (20.6%) (p < 0.0001). Age and sex were also significant factors, with adult and female turkeys having higher rates of helminth infections. This study highlights the substantial burden of gastrointestinal helminths in turkeys, with management systems, season, age, and sex identified as critical risk factors. The findings underscore the need for improved management practices and targeted control measures to mitigate the impact of helminthiasis on turkey health and productivity in the region.
Assessment of the Factors Affecting Smallholder Livestock Farmers’ Use of Information and Communication Technologies to Access Market Information in Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Sennuga Samson Olayemi , Lai-Solarin Winifred I. , Bamidele Joseph , Joel Oluwamayowa J. , Raymond Theophilus , Joel Ayoola F.
Published: January 2025

The objective of this study was to assess the factors impacting the utilization of information and communication technologies (ICT) by smallholder livestock farmers for accessing market information in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling method was used to select 200 livestock smallholder livestock farmers. The gathered data underwent analysis using descriptive statistics and a logit regression model. The findings revealed that the majority of farmers (76%) were married, and 30% had only primary education. Approximately 39% of respondents were aged between 21 and 30 years, with an average age of 34 years. More than half (86%) of the smallholder livestock farmers had farm sizes between 1.1 and 2.0 hectares, with an average of 1.73 hectares, and 38% had a monthly income ranging from ₦21,000 to ₦40,000. About 32% of the respondents used mobile phones. The results of the logit regression revealed that marital status and the educational level of farmers had a positive and significant relationship (P<0.1) with ICT use. Age, household size, and farm size also had a positive and significant influence (P<0.01) on ICT use, while credit access and income had a positive and significant impact (P<0.05) on ICT use. The primary constraints identified were poverty among the farmers (97.5%) and inadequate capacity and affordability, along with poor access to ICT infrastructure (96.3%), ranking first and second, respectively. The study discovered that ICT use was influenced by the socio-economic factors of the respondents. The study suggested that television and radio be consistently used to disseminate adequate and timely information to smallholder livestock farmers, as these media are easily accessible, affordable, and userfriendly for rural communities.
Prevalence of Canine Babesiosis in K ujeMetropolis, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
Authors: Obeta Sylvester Sunday , Terka Dem Fidelis
Published: January 2025

Haemoparasiti cinfections in dogs, particularly those transmitted by ticks, are significant contributors to Canine Vecto- r Borne Diseases (CVBD), posing both veterinary and public health risks. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of haemoparasites and some associated risk factors in dogs within the Kuje metropolis, Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey of 200 dogs was conducted during an antirabies campaign programme between March and July 2022. Blood samples were collected and an alyzed for haemoparasites using Giemsa – stained thin blood smears. Results revealed an overall prevalence of haemoparasitic infection, with Babesia sp. being identified as the sole blood parasite present. Adult dogs (>1 year) showed a slightly higher infection rate (18.7%) compared to younger dogs (16.8%), while male dogs (17.3%) were marginally more infected than females (16.7%). Exotic breeds had a higher prevalence (18.2%) compared to local breeds (16.6%). Tick infestation gave a positive correlation with infection, with all infected dogs having tick infestation. Differences in Babesia infection based on sampling locations were observed, with Kayarda area having the highest prevalence (32.4%). Packed Cell Volume (PCV) of less than 35% was recorded among the infected dogs while the uninfected had PCV of between 35%-55%, thus, highlighting anaemia as a major consequence of Babesia infection. Risk factors considered were age, sex, breed, coat color and tick infestation. The findings underscore the need for effective tick control strategies to reduce the burden of haemoparasitic infections in dogs within the study location.