bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Workplace-based knowledge exchange programmes between academics, policy-makers and providers of healthcare: a qualitative study
Authors: Kumpunen Stephanie , Matthews Jake , Amuthalingam Thuvarahan , Irving Greg , Bridgwood Bernadeta , Pettigrew Luisa M
Published: July 2023

Background

Workplace-based knowledge exchange programmes (WKEPs), such as job shadowing or secondments, offer potential for health and care providers, academics, and policy-makers to foster partnerships, develop local solutions and overcome key differences in practices. Yet opportunities for exchange can be hard to find and are poorly reported in the literature.

Objectives

To understand the views of providers, academics and policy-makers regarding WKEPs, in particular, their motivations to participate in such exchanges and the perceived barriers and facilitators to participation.

Methods

A qualitative study involving semistructured interviews with 20 healthcare providers, academics and policy-makers in England. Rapid data collection and analysis techniques were employed. Interviews formed part of a wider scoping study that mapped the characteristics and existing literature related to WKEPs.

Results

Interviewees reported being motivated to develop, sponsor and/or participate in WKEPs with a clear purpose and defined outcomes that could demonstrate the value of the time out of work to their organisations. Perceived barriers included competitive application processes for national fellowships, a lack of knowing how to identify with whom to undertake an exchange (varying ‘tribes’), and the burdens of time, costs and administration regarding arranging exchanges. WKEPs were reported to work best where there was a perceived sense of shared purpose, long-standing relationship and trust between organisations. Facilitators included existing confidentiality agreements and/or shared professional standards, as well as funding.

Conclusion

WKEPs were reported to be valuable experiences but required significant organisational buy-in and cooperation to arrange and sustain. To benefit emerging partnerships, such as the new integrated care systems in England, more outcomes evaluations of existing WKEPs are needed, and research focused on overcoming barriers to participation, such as time and costs.
A Note on Squares in Binary Words
Authors: Harju Tero
Published: July 2023

We consider words over a binary alphabet. A word [Formula: see text] is overlap-free if it does not have factors (blocks of consecutive letters) of the form [Formula: see text] for nonempty [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] denote the number of positions that are middle positions of squares (of the form [Formula: see text]) in [Formula: see text]. We show that for overlap-free binary words, [Formula: see text], and that there are infinitely many overlap-free binary words for which [Formula: see text].
Quantum interferometric power and Bures distance entanglement versus normalized steered coherence under random telegraph noise
Authors: Elghaayda S. , Abd-Rabbou M. Y. , Mansour M.
Published: July 2023

This study examines the impact of random telegraph noise on non-separability, non-classicality, and steered coherence in a bipartite system initially prepared in a Gisin state and embedded in both Markovian and non-Markovian environments. To quantify non-separability, we employ the Bures distance entanglement measure ([Formula: see text]); for non-classicality detection, we utilize the quantum interferometric power ([Formula: see text]); and to measure steered coherence, we employ the normalized steered coherence ([Formula: see text]). We analyze the dynamics of these three metrics under the effects of the random telegraph noise through various theoretical and numerical techniques. Our findings demonstrate that the amount of quantum correlations in the system is closely tied to the parameters defining the random telegraph noise and the initial system state. Our results also reveal that all three measures exhibit oscillatory behavior in the non-Markovian regime and monotonic changes with time in the Markovian regime. These results provide a deeper understanding of the robustness and stability of non-separability and coherence under noisy conditions and may have implications for the design of noise-resistant quantum systems.
Analysis of Taiwan’s Strategy against China’s Grey Zone Activities in the South China Sea
Authors: CHUNG William Chih-tung
Published: July 2023

The Taiwan–China competition in the grey zone area of the South China Sea is an extension of the confrontation between the Republic of China (Taiwan) and the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in the Taiwan Strait. Diplomatic isolation, geographic constraint and inadequacy in deterrent credibility represent the major challenges for Taiwan against China’s expansionism in the region. This article examines Taiwan’s evolving positions in the South China Sea and explores Taiwan’s strategy of a point-line-surface defence framework to counter Beijing’s threats of grey zone activities.
Understanding Hong Kong’s Failure in Zero-COVID strategy
Authors: MOK Wing-hung , CHOI Franky Ka-hin , CHAN Gabriel Hoi-huen , LIU Chi-leung
Published: July 2023

The fifth wave of COVID-19 in Hong Kong (2022) had brought a series of chaos to society. Nevertheless, its Asian neighbours, namely Singapore and Macao, have avoided such chaos. By investigating the well-rounded preventive measures and social environment in Singapore and Macao, this article highlights the Hong Kong government’s “idleness”. It reveals that the relationship between a government and its people does play a significant role in operating COVID-19 measures, which could directly prevent a large-scale outbreak.
China’s Digital Silk Road
Authors: CHUNG Chien-peng
Published: July 2023

The Digital Silk Road involves China in the construction of digital information and communications technology infrastructure to meet the development needs of developing countries while helping leading Chinese technology companies to become global champions. However, it has also caused China to become entangled in issues of individual privacy, national security and political values with Western countries.
Investigating Unsupervised Neural Machine Translation for Low-resource Language Pair English-Mizo via Lexically Enhanced Pre-trained Language Models
Authors: Lalrempuii Candy , Soni Badal
Published: July 2023

The vast majority of languages in the world at present are considered to be low-resource languages. Since the availability of large parallel data is crucial for the success of most modern machine translation approaches, improving machine translation for low-resource languages is a key challenge. Most unsupervised techniques for translation benefit closely related languages with monolingual data of substantial quantity. To facilitate research in this direction for the extremely low resource language pair English (
en
) and Mizo (
lus
), we have developed a parallel and monolingual corpus for the Mizo language from various news websites. We explore Unsupervised Neural Machine Translation (UNMT) based on the developed monolingual data. We observe that cross-lingual embedding (CLWE) initializations on subword segmented data during pre-training, based on both masked language modelling and sequence-to-sequence generation tasks, improve translation performance. We experiment with cross-lingual alignment and combined alignment and joint training for learning the cross-lingual embedding representations. We also report baseline performances and the impact of CLWE initialization using semi-supervised and supervised neural machine translation. Empirical results show that both CLWE initializations work well for the distant pair English-Mizo compared to the baselines.
Simulation of the Pressure Bonding Process Using the Phase-field Crystal Method
Authors: Sasajima Yasushi , Onozwa Ryosuke , Hatakeyama Shingo , Iwamoto Chihiro
Published: July 2023

The present study simulated the pressure bonding process by the phase-field crystal method for a two-dimensional system. Two crystals with different orientations and sinusoidal surfaces were placed relative to each other, and their uppermost and lowermost layers were gradually approached as chuck regions. The dependencies of the atomic structure and energy of the system on the relative position of the sinusoidal surface, relative azimuth angle of the two crystals and the moving velocity of the chuck (V), were investigated. The voids at the interface remained when V was slow, suggesting that there was an upper limit to the chuck moving velocity to obtain a good bonding state. This would be the optimum value of the chuck moving velocity from an engineering viewpoint. The relative position of the upper and lower crystals had no significant effects on the atomic structure and energy of the system, while the relative azimuth angle between the crystals had a crucial effect on the change in the atomic structure and energy of the system, i.e., a smaller orientational difference was necessary for good bonding.
Periodic Limb Movements during Sleep in Children, Adolescents, and Adults with Narcolepsy: A Cross-Sectional Study in China
Authors: Zhao Xianchao , Ren Jiafeng , Chen Guoyan , Cheng Jinxiang , Shang Danqing , Wu Min , Yang Yiqing , Zhou Junying , Su Changjun
Published: July 2023

Objectives. This study is aimed at determining the prevalence and effects of periodic limb movements during sleep (PLMS) on nighttime sleep and daytime sleepiness in children/adolescents and adults with narcolepsy. Methods. A total of 94 patients with narcolepsy were recruited in this study. They were classified into two groups including children/adolescents (<18 years,

n
=
41

) and adults (≥18 years,

n
=
53

). All participants completed face-to-face interviews and underwent polysomnography assessment followed by multiple sleep latency test. Demographic, clinical, and sleep parameters were compared between narcoleptic patients with and without PLMS. Linear regression analysis was performed to determine the association between PLMS and sleep parameters. Results. Thirty-eight (40.4%) patients with narcolepsy were defined as having PLMS, and there was a higher prevalence of PLMS in the children/adolescents than in the adults with narcolepsy (56.1% vs. 28.3%, respectively,

P
=
0.006

). Narcoleptic patients with PLMS had a significantly shorter total sleep time, lower sleep efficiency (SE), and more wakefulness after sleep onset (WASO) than those without PLMS in adults (all

P
<
0.05

). After adjusting for the potential confounders, PLMS was significantly associated with lower SE (

adjusted
 
β
=
−
0.327

; 95% CI: -0.608, 0.044;

P
=
0.025

) and more WASO (

adjusted
 
β
=
0.330

; 95% CI: 0.038, 0.520;

P
=
0.028

) in adults with narcolepsy. Conclusions. There is a high prevalence of PLMS in narcolepsy, especially in children and adolescent patients. PLMS is associated with nighttime sleep disturbance in adults with narcolepsy but is not a risk factor for daytime sleepiness both in children/adolescents and adults with narcolepsy.
Supersonically Sprayed Flexible ZnO/PVDF Composite Films with Enhanced Piezoelectricity for Energy Harvesting and Storage
Authors: Ojha Devi Prashad , Joshi Bhavana , Samuel Edmund , Khadka Ashwin , Aldalbahi Ali , Periyasami Govindasami , Choi Daekyu , An Seongpil , Yoon Sam S.
Published: July 2023

A flexible piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) was developed to convert ambient mechanical energy into electrical energy. Highly crystalline template-free zinc oxide (ZnO) microrods were prepared using a wet chemical method at a low temperature. As-synthesized ZnO microrods were blended with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) to prepare a piezoelectric composite film using the supersonic spraying method. A PENG electrode comprising ZnO microrods (0.5 g) produced 15.2 V under a tapping force of 20 N at 5 Hz. In addition, an output current of 32 μA was produced with a maximum power density of 12.5 μW cm–2. The output voltage considering various body movements was investigated to demonstrate the flexibility and durability of the proposed PENG. Furthermore, the supercapacitive properties of ZnO/reduced graphene oxide were studied.
Predicting Critical Care Nurses’ Intention to Use Physical Restraints in Intubated Patients: A Structural Equation Model
Authors: Ma Yajun , Cui Nianqi , Li Xiaoli , Li Jiayi , Zhang Yuping , Liu Yonggang , Jin Jingfen
Published: July 2023

Aims. To identify the factors influencing critical care nurses’ intention of physical restraint in intubated patients. Background. Physical restraint reduction has been advocated by many international institutions, nurses are the main physical restraint decision-makers, and it is critical to identify the factors influencing physical restraint intention from nurses’ perspective. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among critical care nurses in China from February 2022 to March 2022. Results. The model showed a good model fit (χ2/df = 2.57, RMSEA = 0.07, GFI = 0.94, CFI = 0.89, and AGFI = 0.90). Attitude (β = 0.29,

p
<
0.05

), subjective norm (β = 0.25,

p
<
0.05

), and perceived behavioral control (β = 0.32,

p
<
0.001

) directly influenced the intention to use physical restraint in intubated patients. Ethical conflict (β = 0.04,

p
<
0.05

) indirectly influenced the intention. Conclusions. The study revealed that ethical conflict, attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control were positive predictors of physical restraint intention among intubated patients from nurses’ perspectives. Implications for Nursing Management. This provides a theoretical perspective to develop effective interventions to reduce physical restraints in critical care settings. Nursing managers should enhance ethical education and physical restraint knowledge and skill training.
Targeted Genomic Sequencing of TSC1 and TSC2 Reveals Causal Variants in Individuals for Whom Previous Genetic Testing for Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Was Normal
Authors: West Hannah D. , Nellist Mark , Brouwer Rutger W. W. , van den Hout-van Vroonhoven Mirjam C. G. N. , de Almeida Luiz Gustavo Dufner , Hendriks Femke , Elfferich Peter , Raja Meera , Giles Peter , Alfano Rosa M. , Peron Angela , Sznajer Yves , De Waele Liesbeth , Jansen Anna , Koopmans Marije , Kievit Anneke , Farach Laura S. , Northrup Hope , Sampson Julian R. , Thomas Laura E. , van IJcken Wilfred F. J.
Published: July 2023

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is caused by inactivating variants in TSC1 and TSC2. Somatic mosaicism, as well as the size and complexity of the TSC1 and TSC2 loci, makes variant identification challenging. Indeed, in some individuals with a clinical diagnosis of TSC, diagnostic testing fails to identify an inactivating variant. To improve TSC1 and TSC2 variant detection, we screened the TSC1 and TSC2 genomic regions using targeted HaloPlex custom capture and next-generation sequencing (NGS) in genomic DNA isolated from peripheral blood of individuals with definite, possible or suspected TSC in whom no disease-associated variant had been identified by previous diagnostic genetic testing. We obtained >95% target region coverage at a read depth of 20 and >50% coverage at a read depth of 300 and identified inactivating TSC1 or TSC2 variants in 83/155 individuals (54%); 65/113 (58%) with clinically definite TSC and 18/42 (43%) with possible or suspected TSC. These included 19 individuals with deep intronic variants and 54 likely cases of mosaicism (variant allele frequency 1-28%; median 7%). In 13 cases (8%), we identified a variant of uncertain significance (VUS). Targeted genomic NGS of TSC1 and TSC2 increases the yield of inactivating variants found in individuals with suspected TSC.
Research on Reactive Power Optimization Control Method for Distribution Network with DGs Based on Improved Second-Order Oscillating PSO Algorithm
Authors: Cai Youming , Liu Jingmin , Gao Ning
Published: July 2023

With the increasing penetration of distributed generation (DG) in the distribution network, the original network structure of the distribution network has been changed. In addition, the randomness and intermittency of renewable power generation will also have an impact on the voltage and power flow of the distribution network. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a reactive power optimization control method for distribution network with DGs based on second-order oscillating particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm with a constriction factor. Considering the economic operation of the distribution network, the proposed control method realizes the coordinated operation of the DGs and battery group with the conventional static reactive power compensation device, so as to improve the voltage quality of the distribution network and reduce the system network loss. At the same time, an improved second-order oscillating PSO algorithm is proposed to improve the speed and convergence of the multiobjective algorithm. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control method is verified by using MATLAB/Simulink on IEEE 33 bus distribution network with DGs in both static and dynamic situations.
Endodontic Surgery of the Palatal Root of a Maxillary Molar Associated with Simultaneous Management of a Maxillary Sinus Lesion
Authors: Taschieri Silvio , Corbella Stefano , Francetti Luca , Alberti Alice , Morandi Benedetta
Published: July 2023

This case report describes a particular application of endodontic microsurgery with a palatal approach in the presence of a radiopaque lesion inside the maxillary sinus. The patient presented complaining of pain related to the first maxillary molar and events of nasal obstruction and facial pain in the cheek and nasal area. The endodontic orthograde treatment and retreatment were done, respectively, 7 and 4 years earlier. The cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan taken before the treatment showed two separate lesions: one associated with the palatine root of the molar and another one inside the maxillary sinus. The patient agreed to solve both problems in one surgical step: endodontic surgery of the palatine root with palatal access with the simultaneous asportation of a lesion from the maxillary sinus floor. Complete bone healing of the periapical area and the maxillary sinus was visualized on intra-oral radiographs, and CBCT was taken one year after the treatment. As far as the authors know, no one in literature has ever described this approach and solved in such a conservative way both the problems at the tooth and in the maxillary sinus.
The Potential of Underutilized Plant Resources and Agricultural Wastes for Enhancing Biodiesel Stability: The Role of Phenolic-Rich Natural Antioxidants
Authors: Kahimbi Henry , Kichonge Baraka , Kivevele Thomas
Published: July 2023

Growing concerns about energy security and environmental sustainability have fueled demand for sustainable and renewable energy sources in recent years. Biodiesel, a renewable alternative to conventional fuels, has gained significant attention as a potential source of energy. However, the stability of biodiesel during storage and its susceptibility to oxidation remain major challenges. To address these issues, researchers have turned their focus to the utilization of natural antioxidants. Studies on sources of natural antioxidants, particularly those made from waste, such as food, have been extensively conducted. However, there are still some restrictions, such as inconsistency in quality, the development of microbes, and difficulties with regulations, all of which have an impact on sustainability and the phenolic contents. Phenolic compounds are known for their excellent antioxidant properties and ability to inhibit the oxidation process. The review provides an overview of various underutilized plant resources and agricultural wastes that are rich in phenolic contents and demonstrate higher antioxidant activities, such as Vitex doniana, Uapaca kirkiana, Parinari curatellifolia, Tamarindus indica L, fruit peels, and crop residues. It discusses the extraction methods employed to obtain phenolic antioxidants from these sources and highlights their antioxidant activities. Additionally, the review examines the effects of phenolic antioxidants on key parameters, including induction period, peroxide value, acid value, and viscosity. The review concluded by highlighting the potential of underutilized plant resources and agricultural wastes as sustainable sources of phenolic-rich natural antioxidants for enhancing biodiesel stability. According to the literatures, phenolic antioxidants present in underutilized plant resources and agricultural wastes can chelate metal ions, scavenge free radicals, and break oxidation chain reactions, thereby preventing the degradation of biodiesel. Moreover, the limitation of the use of natural antioxidants in the stabilization of biodiesel like instability at high temperatures has been highlighted.
Racial and Ethnic Variation in Diagnostic Mammography Performance among Women Reporting a Breast Lump
Authors: Nyante Sarah J. , Abraham Linn , Aiello Bowles Erin J. , Lee Christoph I. , Kerlikowske Karla , Miglioretti Diana L. , Sprague Brian L. , Henderson Louise M. ,   for the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium
Published: July 2023

Background:

We evaluated diagnostic mammography among women with a breast lump to determine whether performance varied across racial and ethnic groups.

Methods:

This study included 51,014 diagnostic mammograms performed between 2005 and 2018 in the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium among Asian/Pacific Islander (12%), Black (7%), Hispanic/Latina (6%), and White (75%) women reporting a lump. Breast cancers occurring within 1 year were ascertained from cancer registry linkages. Multivariable regression was used to adjust performance statistic comparisons for breast cancer risk factors, mammogram modality, demographics, additional imaging, and imaging facility.

Results:

Cancer detection rates were highest among Asian/Pacific Islander [per 1,000 exams, 84.2 (95% confidence interval (CI): 72.0–98.2)] and Black women [81.4 (95% CI: 69.4–95.2)] and lowest among Hispanic/Latina women [42.9 (95% CI: 34.2–53.6)]. Positive predictive values (PPV) were higher among Black [37.0% (95% CI: 31.2–43.3)] and White [37.0% (95% CI: 30.0–44.6)] women and lowest among Hispanic/Latina women [22.0% (95% CI: 17.2–27.7)]. False-positive results were most common among Asian/Pacific Islander women [per 1,000 exams, 183.9 (95% CI: 126.7–259.2)] and lowest among White women [112.4 (95% CI: 86.1–145.5)]. After adjustment, false-positive and cancer detection rates remained higher for Asian/Pacific Islander and Black women (vs. Hispanic/Latina and White). Adjusted PPV was highest among Asian/Pacific Islander women.

Conclusions:

Among women with a lump, Asian/Pacific Islander and Black women were more likely to have cancer detected and more likely to receive a false-positive result compared with White and Hispanic/Latina women.

Impact:

Strategies for optimizing diagnostic mammography among women with a lump may vary by racial/ethnic group, but additional factors that influence performance differences need to be identified.

See related In the Spotlight, p. 1479
Supplementary Table S2 from Associations between AI-Assisted Tumor Amphiregulin and Epiregulin IHC and Outcomes from Anti-EGFR Therapy in the Routine Management of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Williams Christopher J.M. , Elliott Faye , Sapanara Nancy , Aghaei Faranak , Zhang Liping , Muranyi Andrea , Yan Dongyao , Bai Isaac , Zhao Zuo , Shires Michael , Wood Henry M. , Richman Susan D. , Hemmings Gemma , Hale Michael , Bottomley Daniel , Galvin Leanne , Cartlidge Caroline , Dance Sarah , Bacon Chris M. , Mansfield Laura , Young-Zvandasara Kathe , Sudan Ajay , Lambert Katy , Bibby Irena , Coupland Sarah E. , Montazeri Amir , Kipling Natalie , Hughes Kathryn , Cross Simon S. , Dewdney Alice , Pheasey Leanne , Leng Cathryn , Gochera Tatenda , Mangham D. Chas , Saunders Mark , Pritchard Martin , Stott Helen , Mukherjee Abhik , Ilyas Mohammad , Silverman Rafael , Hyland Georgina , Sculthorpe Declan , Thornton Kirsty , Gould Imogen , O'Callaghan Ann , Brown Nicholas , Turnbull Samantha , Shaw Lisa , Seymour Matthew T. , West Nicholas P. , Seligmann Jenny F. , Singh Shalini , Shanmugam Kandavel , Quirke Philip
Published: July 2023

AREG/EREG with variation in tissue processing
Supplementary Table S1 from Associations between AI-Assisted Tumor Amphiregulin and Epiregulin IHC and Outcomes from Anti-EGFR Therapy in the Routine Management of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Williams Christopher J.M. , Elliott Faye , Sapanara Nancy , Aghaei Faranak , Zhang Liping , Muranyi Andrea , Yan Dongyao , Bai Isaac , Zhao Zuo , Shires Michael , Wood Henry M. , Richman Susan D. , Hemmings Gemma , Hale Michael , Bottomley Daniel , Galvin Leanne , Cartlidge Caroline , Dance Sarah , Bacon Chris M. , Mansfield Laura , Young-Zvandasara Kathe , Sudan Ajay , Lambert Katy , Bibby Irena , Coupland Sarah E. , Montazeri Amir , Kipling Natalie , Hughes Kathryn , Cross Simon S. , Dewdney Alice , Pheasey Leanne , Leng Cathryn , Gochera Tatenda , Mangham D. Chas , Saunders Mark , Pritchard Martin , Stott Helen , Mukherjee Abhik , Ilyas Mohammad , Silverman Rafael , Hyland Georgina , Sculthorpe Declan , Thornton Kirsty , Gould Imogen , O'Callaghan Ann , Brown Nicholas , Turnbull Samantha , Shaw Lisa , Seymour Matthew T. , West Nicholas P. , Seligmann Jenny F. , Singh Shalini , Shanmugam Kandavel , Quirke Philip
Published: July 2023

Primer details
Supplementary Figure S2 from Associations between AI-Assisted Tumor Amphiregulin and Epiregulin IHC and Outcomes from Anti-EGFR Therapy in the Routine Management of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Williams Christopher J.M. , Elliott Faye , Sapanara Nancy , Aghaei Faranak , Zhang Liping , Muranyi Andrea , Yan Dongyao , Bai Isaac , Zhao Zuo , Shires Michael , Wood Henry M. , Richman Susan D. , Hemmings Gemma , Hale Michael , Bottomley Daniel , Galvin Leanne , Cartlidge Caroline , Dance Sarah , Bacon Chris M. , Mansfield Laura , Young-Zvandasara Kathe , Sudan Ajay , Lambert Katy , Bibby Irena , Coupland Sarah E. , Montazeri Amir , Kipling Natalie , Hughes Kathryn , Cross Simon S. , Dewdney Alice , Pheasey Leanne , Leng Cathryn , Gochera Tatenda , Mangham D. Chas , Saunders Mark , Pritchard Martin , Stott Helen , Mukherjee Abhik , Ilyas Mohammad , Silverman Rafael , Hyland Georgina , Sculthorpe Declan , Thornton Kirsty , Gould Imogen , O'Callaghan Ann , Brown Nicholas , Turnbull Samantha , Shaw Lisa , Seymour Matthew T. , West Nicholas P. , Seligmann Jenny F. , Singh Shalini , Shanmugam Kandavel , Quirke Philip
Published: July 2023

Study flow diagram
Supplementary Figure S1 from Associations between AI-Assisted Tumor Amphiregulin and Epiregulin IHC and Outcomes from Anti-EGFR Therapy in the Routine Management of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Williams Christopher J.M. , Elliott Faye , Sapanara Nancy , Aghaei Faranak , Zhang Liping , Muranyi Andrea , Yan Dongyao , Bai Isaac , Zhao Zuo , Shires Michael , Wood Henry M. , Richman Susan D. , Hemmings Gemma , Hale Michael , Bottomley Daniel , Galvin Leanne , Cartlidge Caroline , Dance Sarah , Bacon Chris M. , Mansfield Laura , Young-Zvandasara Kathe , Sudan Ajay , Lambert Katy , Bibby Irena , Coupland Sarah E. , Montazeri Amir , Kipling Natalie , Hughes Kathryn , Cross Simon S. , Dewdney Alice , Pheasey Leanne , Leng Cathryn , Gochera Tatenda , Mangham D. Chas , Saunders Mark , Pritchard Martin , Stott Helen , Mukherjee Abhik , Ilyas Mohammad , Silverman Rafael , Hyland Georgina , Sculthorpe Declan , Thornton Kirsty , Gould Imogen , O'Callaghan Ann , Brown Nicholas , Turnbull Samantha , Shaw Lisa , Seymour Matthew T. , West Nicholas P. , Seligmann Jenny F. , Singh Shalini , Shanmugam Kandavel , Quirke Philip
Published: July 2023

Example AREG and EREG immunohistochemistry
Supplementary Figures S1-S4 from The Prognostic Effect of Immune Cell Infiltration Depends on Molecular Subtype in Endometrioid Ovarian Carcinomas
Authors: Heinze Karolin , Cairns Evan S. , Thornton Shelby , Harris Bronwyn , Milne Katy , Grube Marcel , Meyer Charlotte , Karnezis Anthony N. , Fereday Sian , Garsed Dale W. , Leung Samuel C.Y. , Chiu Derek S. , Moubarak Malak , Harter Philipp , Heitz Florian , McAlpine Jessica N. , DeFazio Anna , Bowtell David D.L. , Goode Ellen L. , Pike Malcolm , Ramus Susan J. , Pearce C. Leigh , Staebler Annette , Köbel Martin , Kommoss Stefan , Talhouk Aline , Nelson Brad H. , Anglesio Michael S.
Published: July 2023

Supplementary Figures S1-S4
Supplementary Table S1 from B-cell Receptor Pathway Mutations Are Infrequent in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia on Continuous Ibrutinib Therapy
Authors: Woyach Jennifer A. , Ghia Paolo , Byrd John C. , Ahn Inhye E. , Moreno Carol , O'Brien Susan M. , Jones Daniel , Cheung Leo W.K. , Chong Elizabeth , Kwei Kevin , Dean James P. , James Danelle F. , Wiestner Adrian
Published: July 2023

Supplemental Table 1 Listing of all detected BTK mutations (by NGS) in samples from previously untreated patients or those with relapsed/refractory disease
Data from Associations between AI-Assisted Tumor Amphiregulin and Epiregulin IHC and Outcomes from Anti-EGFR Therapy in the Routine Management of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Williams Christopher J.M. , Elliott Faye , Sapanara Nancy , Aghaei Faranak , Zhang Liping , Muranyi Andrea , Yan Dongyao , Bai Isaac , Zhao Zuo , Shires Michael , Wood Henry M. , Richman Susan D. , Hemmings Gemma , Hale Michael , Bottomley Daniel , Galvin Leanne , Cartlidge Caroline , Dance Sarah , Bacon Chris M. , Mansfield Laura , Young-Zvandasara Kathe , Sudan Ajay , Lambert Katy , Bibby Irena , Coupland Sarah E. , Montazeri Amir , Kipling Natalie , Hughes Kathryn , Cross Simon S. , Dewdney Alice , Pheasey Leanne , Leng Cathryn , Gochera Tatenda , Mangham D. Chas , Saunders Mark , Pritchard Martin , Stott Helen , Mukherjee Abhik , Ilyas Mohammad , Silverman Rafael , Hyland Georgina , Sculthorpe Declan , Thornton Kirsty , Gould Imogen , O'Callaghan Ann , Brown Nicholas , Turnbull Samantha , Shaw Lisa , Seymour Matthew T. , West Nicholas P. , Seligmann Jenny F. , Singh Shalini , Shanmugam Kandavel , Quirke Philip
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurpose:
High tumor production of the EGFR ligands, amphiregulin (AREG) and epiregulin (EREG), predicted benefit from anti-EGFR therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) in a retrospective analysis of clinical trial data. Here, AREG/EREG IHC was analyzed in a cohort of patients who received anti-EGFR therapy as part of routine care, including key clinical contexts not investigated in the previous analysis.
Experimental Design:
Patients who received panitumumab or cetuximab ± chemotherapy for treatment of RAS wild-type mCRC at eight UK cancer centers were eligible. Archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue was analyzed for AREG and EREG IHC in six regional laboratories using previously developed artificial intelligence technologies. Primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).
Results:
A total of 494 of 541 patients (91.3%) had adequate tissue for analysis. A total of 45 were excluded after central extended RAS testing, leaving 449 patients in the primary analysis population. After adjustment for additional prognostic factors, high AREG/EREG expression (n = 360; 80.2%) was associated with significantly prolonged PFS [median: 8.5 vs. 4.4 months; HR, 0.73; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.56–0.95; P = 0.02] and OS [median: 16.4 vs. 8.9 months; HR, 0.66 95% CI, 0.50–0.86; P = 0.002]. The significant OS benefit was maintained among patients with right primary tumor location (PTL), those receiving cetuximab or panitumumab, those with an oxaliplatin- or irinotecan-based chemotherapy backbone, and those with tumor tissue obtained by biopsy or surgical resection.
Conclusions:
High tumor AREG/EREG expression was associated with superior survival outcomes from anti-EGFR therapy in mCRC, including in right PTL disease. AREG/EREG IHC assessment could aid therapeutic decisions in routine practice.
Supplementary Table S7 from Clinical Activity and Exploratory Resistance Mechanism of Milademetan, an MDM2 Inhibitor, in Intimal Sarcoma with MDM2 Amplification: An Open-Label Phase Ib/II Study
Authors: Koyama Takafumi , Shimizu Toshio , Kojima Yuki , Sudo Kazuki , Okuma Hitomi Sumiyoshi , Shimoi Tatsunori , Ichikawa Hitoshi , Kohsaka Shinji , Sadachi Ryo , Hirakawa Akihiro , Yoshida Akihiko , Ando Reiko Makihara , Ueno Toshihide , Yanagaki Mitsuru , Matsui Naoko , Nakamura Kenichi , Yamamoto Noboru , Yonemori Kan
Published: July 2023

Criteria for modifying treatment
Supplementary Table S1 from Clinical Activity and Exploratory Resistance Mechanism of Milademetan, an MDM2 Inhibitor, in Intimal Sarcoma with MDM2 Amplification: An Open-Label Phase Ib/II Study
Authors: Koyama Takafumi , Shimizu Toshio , Kojima Yuki , Sudo Kazuki , Okuma Hitomi Sumiyoshi , Shimoi Tatsunori , Ichikawa Hitoshi , Kohsaka Shinji , Sadachi Ryo , Hirakawa Akihiro , Yoshida Akihiko , Ando Reiko Makihara , Ueno Toshihide , Yanagaki Mitsuru , Matsui Naoko , Nakamura Kenichi , Yamamoto Noboru , Yonemori Kan
Published: July 2023

Representativeness of study participant
Supplementary Figure S2 from Clinical Activity and Exploratory Resistance Mechanism of Milademetan, an MDM2 Inhibitor, in Intimal Sarcoma with MDM2 Amplification: An Open-Label Phase Ib/II Study
Authors: Koyama Takafumi , Shimizu Toshio , Kojima Yuki , Sudo Kazuki , Okuma Hitomi Sumiyoshi , Shimoi Tatsunori , Ichikawa Hitoshi , Kohsaka Shinji , Sadachi Ryo , Hirakawa Akihiro , Yoshida Akihiko , Ando Reiko Makihara , Ueno Toshihide , Yanagaki Mitsuru , Matsui Naoko , Nakamura Kenichi , Yamamoto Noboru , Yonemori Kan
Published: July 2023

Pharmacokinetics
Supplementary Figure S1 from Clinical Activity and Exploratory Resistance Mechanism of Milademetan, an MDM2 Inhibitor, in Intimal Sarcoma with MDM2 Amplification: An Open-Label Phase Ib/II Study
Authors: Koyama Takafumi , Shimizu Toshio , Kojima Yuki , Sudo Kazuki , Okuma Hitomi Sumiyoshi , Shimoi Tatsunori , Ichikawa Hitoshi , Kohsaka Shinji , Sadachi Ryo , Hirakawa Akihiro , Yoshida Akihiko , Ando Reiko Makihara , Ueno Toshihide , Yanagaki Mitsuru , Matsui Naoko , Nakamura Kenichi , Yamamoto Noboru , Yonemori Kan
Published: July 2023

MASTER KEY PROJECT
Figure S7 from Dual Blockade of EP2 and EP4 Signaling is Required for Optimal Immune Activation and Anti-Tumor Activity Against Prostaglandin-Expressing Tumors
Authors: Francica Brian J. , Holtz Anja , Lopez Justine M , Freund David , Chen Austin , Wang Dingzhi , Powell David , Kipper Franciele C , Panigrahy Dipak , DuBois Raymond N , Whiting Chan C. , Prasit Peppi , Dubensky Thomas W
Published: July 2023

Histopathological analysis of resected APCmin/+ colon hyperplasia
Figure S1 from Synergism between IL21 and anti-PD-1 combination therapy is underpinned by coordinated reprogramming of the immune cellular network in the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Wu Shaoxian , Huang Hao , Sun Runzi , Gao David Shihong , Ye Fan , Huang Jianing , Li Ella , Ni Andrew , Lu Kevin GuoKai , Chen Kong , Jiang Jingting , Morel Penelope A. , Zhong Ziyang , Lu Binfeng
Published: July 2023

Supplementary Figure 1. Distribution of CD4+ T cell subsets.
Figure S2 from Dual Blockade of EP2 and EP4 Signaling is Required for Optimal Immune Activation and Anti-Tumor Activity Against Prostaglandin-Expressing Tumors
Authors: Francica Brian J. , Holtz Anja , Lopez Justine M , Freund David , Chen Austin , Wang Dingzhi , Powell David , Kipper Franciele C , Panigrahy Dipak , DuBois Raymond N , Whiting Chan C. , Prasit Peppi , Dubensky Thomas W
Published: July 2023

Pharmacokinetic (PK) and exposure characterization of TPST-1495 and E7046
Supplementary Figure 4 from Exploring the onset and progression of prostate cancer through a multicellular agent-based model
Authors: Passier Margot , van Genderen Maisa N.G. , Zaalberg Anniek , Kneppers Jeroen , Bekers Elise M , Bergman Andries M , Zwart Wilbert , Eduati Federica
Published: July 2023

Pairwise combinations of the most sensitive model parameters
Data from Synergism between IL21 and anti-PD-1 combination therapy is underpinned by coordinated reprogramming of the immune cellular network in the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Wu Shaoxian , Huang Hao , Sun Runzi , Gao David Shihong , Ye Fan , Huang Jianing , Li Ella , Ni Andrew , Lu Kevin GuoKai , Chen Kong , Jiang Jingting , Morel Penelope A. , Zhong Ziyang , Lu Binfeng
Published: July 2023

Abstract
T cell-stimulating cytokines and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are an ideal combination for increasing response rates of cancer immunotherapy. However, the results of clinical trials have not been satisfying. It is important to understand the mechanism of synergy between these two therapeutic modalities. Here, through integrated analysis of multiple single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) datasets of human tumor-infiltrating immune cells, we demonstrate that IL21 is produced by tumor-associated T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and hyperactivated/exhausted CXCL13+CD4+ T cells in the human tumor microenvironment (TME). In the mouse model, the hyperactivated/exhausted CD4+ T cell-derived IL21 enhances the helper function of CD4+ T cells that boost CD8+ T cell-mediated immune responses during PD-1 blockade immunotherapy. In addition, we demonstrated that IL21’s anti-tumor activity did not require T-cell trafficking. Using scRNAseq analysis of the whole tumor-infiltrating immune cells, we demonstrated that IL21 treatment in combination with anti-PD-1 blockade synergistically drives tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells to undergo clonal expansion and differentiate towards the hyperactive/exhausted functional state in the TME. In addition, IL21 treatment and anti-PD-1 blockade synergistically promote dendritic cell (DC) activation and maturation to mature DC (mDC) as well as monocyte to macrophage 1 (M1) differentiation in the TME. Furthermore, the combined treatment reprograms the immune cellular network by reshaping cell-cell communication in the TME. Our study establishes unique mechanisms of synergy between IL21 and PD-1-based ICI in the TME through the coordinated promotion of type 1 immune responses.
Data from Exploring the onset and progression of prostate cancer through a multicellular agent-based model
Authors: Passier Margot , van Genderen Maisa N.G. , Zaalberg Anniek , Kneppers Jeroen , Bekers Elise M , Bergman Andries M , Zwart Wilbert , Eduati Federica
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Over ten percent of men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCa) during their lifetime. Arising from luminal cells of the prostatic acinus, PCa is influenced by multiple cells in its microenvironment. To expand our knowledge and explore means to prevent and treat the disease, it is important to understand what drives the onset and early stages of PCa. In this study, we developed an agent-based model of a prostatic acinus including its microenvironment, to allow for in silico studying of PCa development.
The model was based on prior reports and in-house data of tumor cells co-cultured with Cancer Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) and pro-tumor and/or anti-tumor macrophages. Growth patterns depicted by the model were pathologically validated on H&E slide images of human PCa specimens. We identified that stochasticity of interactions between macrophages and tumor cells at early stages strongly affect tumor development. Additionally, we discovered that more systematic deviations in tumor development result from a combinatorial effect of the probability of acquiring mutations and the tumor-promoting abilities of CAFs and macrophages. In silico modeled tumors were then compared with 494 cancer patients with matching characteristics, showing strong association between predicted tumor load and patients’ clinical outcome. Our findings suggest that the likelihood of tumor formation depends on a combination of stochastic events and systematic characteristics. While stochasticity cannot be controlled, information on systematic effects may aid the development of prevention strategies tailored to the molecular characteristics of an individual patient.
Estudo de estrutura organizacional para as bibliotecas da USP: (Cadernos de Estudos SIBIUSP N.1 - 2ª. ed)
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Sistema Integrado de Bibliotecas. Deparetamento Técnico, Pasquarelli Maria Luiza Rigo , Krzyzanowski Rosaly Favero ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Sistema Integrado de Bibliotecas. Deparetamento Técnico
Published: July 2023

Em virtude da significativa acolhida da 1ª edição do "Estudo da Estrutura Organizacional para Bibliotecas da USP", publicada em 1985, propomo-nos a lançar a 2ª edição, revista e atualizada. As maiores alterações dizem respeito às rotinas para processamento técnico de material bibliográfico, tendo em vista o suporte de mecanismos de automação já em uso nas bibliotecas da USP. Esperamos, dessa forma, incrementar o interesse pela obra, para que continue a fornecer o subsídio necessário à adequação dos serviços, visando ao melhor atendimento do usuário nas bibliotecas da USP.
A “Coleção Cope” e os fósseis na Estrada de Ferro da Bahia - São Francisco
Authors: Gallo Valéria , Absolon Bruno Araújo , Figueiredo Francisco José de
Published: July 2023

As coleções paleontológicas representam uma herança natural e cultural, que deve ser salvaguardada em acervos institucionais. Dentre elas, destaca-se a Coleção de Paleovertebrados do Departamento de Geologia e Paleontologia do Museu Nacional (DGP-MN), que sofreu uma considerável perda, em decorrência do incêndio sofrido por este museu em 2018. Uma forma de recuperar as informações históricas e científicas desta coleção está em seu registro iconográfico. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho inventaria e ilustra o acervo, que ficou conhecido no Departamento de Geologia e Paleontologia do Museu Nacional como “Coleção Cope”. Trata-se de uma centena de vertebrados fósseis que foram enviados, sob a forma de empréstimo, ao paleontólogo norte-americano Edward Drinker Cope (1840-1897), no final do século XIX, para identificação e descrição. Grande parte desta coleção foi obtida durante a construção da Estrada de Ferro da Bahia ao São Francisco, inaugurada em 1860. A implementação e consequente ampliação da rede ferroviária no Brasil, no final do século XIX, trouxe não só crescimento econômico, como possibilitou a formação de muitas coleções paleontológicas, uma vez que os cortes abertos nos terrenos para a construção das estradas de ferro revelaram o registro fossilífero, como é o caso da “Coleção Cope”. Se esta não mais existe fisicamente, ao menos a listagem e o registro iconográfico aqui apresentados poderão revalidá-la para a paleontologia brasileira.
MACSum: Controllable Summarization with Mixed Attributes
Authors: Zhang Yusen , Liu Yang , Yang Ziyi , Fang Yuwei , Chen Yulong , Radev Dragomir , Zhu Chenguang , Zeng Michael , Zhang Rui
Published: July 2023

Controllable summarization allows users to generate customized summaries with specified attributes. However, due to the lack of designated annotations of controlled summaries, existing work has to craft pseudo datasets by adapting generic summarization benchmarks. Furthermore, most research focuses on controlling single attributes individually (e.g., a short summary or a highly abstractive summary) rather than controlling a mix of attributes together (e.g., a short and highly abstractive summary). In this paper, we propose MACSum, the first human-annotated summarization dataset for controlling mixed attributes. It contains source texts from two domains, news articles and dialogues, with human-annotated summaries controlled by five designed attributes (Length, Extractiveness, Specificity, Topic, and Speaker). We propose two simple and effective parameter-efficient approaches for the new task of mixed controllable summarization based on hard prompt tuning and soft prefix tuning. Results and analysis demonstrate that hard prompt models yield the best performance on most metrics and human evaluations. However, mixed-attribute control is still challenging for summarization tasks. Our dataset and code are available at https://github.com/psunlpgroup/MACSum.
Efficient Methods for Natural Language Processing: A Survey
Authors: Treviso Marcos , Lee Ji-Ung , Ji Tianchu , Aken Betty van , Cao Qingqing , Ciosici Manuel R. , Hassid Michael , Heafield Kenneth , Hooker Sara , Raffel Colin , Martins Pedro H. , Martins André F. T. , Forde Jessica Zosa , Milder Peter , Simpson Edwin , Slonim Noam , Dodge Jesse , Strubell Emma , Balasubramanian Niranjan , Derczynski Leon , Gurevych Iryna , Schwartz Roy
Published: July 2023

Recent work in natural language processing (NLP) has yielded appealing results from scaling model parameters and training data; however, using only scale to improve performance means that resource consumption also grows. Such resources include data, time, storage, or energy, all of which are naturally limited and unevenly distributed. This motivates research into efficient methods that require fewer resources to achieve similar results. This survey synthesizes and relates current methods and findings in efficient NLP. We aim to provide both guidance for conducting NLP under limited resources, and point towards promising research directions for developing more efficient methods.
Where Does Caste Fit in A Global History of Racial Capitalism?
Authors: Chhabria Sheetal
Published: July 2023

This paper asks whether and how caste fits into a global history of racial capitalism. The mischaracterisation of caste as custom has long misled analysts and thwarted solidarities. Drawing on the insights of two important bodies of literature, this paper seeks to remedy that misdiagnosis and show that (1) caste abolition must be central to any effective anti-capitalist politics in South Asia, and (2) a focus on ‘local’ systems of racialisation like caste is necessary in any history of global racial capitalism. The two bodies of literature I engage with to achieve these aims are: scholarship on racial capitalism and scholarship on the Indian transition to capitalism. The result is an expanding of the geography of racial capitalism and the centring of caste-based unfreedoms as central to the history of capitalism in the Indian subcontinent.
Regulation by Exception – The Emergence of (General) Exception Clauses in International Investment Law?
Authors: Wagner Kilian
Published: July 2023

General exception clauses are increasingly gaining relevance in investment arbitration. Included in investment treaties to strengthen the right to regulate, these mechanisms have received mixed reactions in the literature. While being unacknowledged in arbitral practice for a long time, recent cases illustrate the difficulties in interpreting and applying general exception clauses. This contribution will reflect the role of general exceptions for investment treaties and its perception in the literature. Moreover, it analyzes some of the most pertinent issues in case law, such as its relationship to other defences in arbitral proceedings as well as the question whether successful invocation precludes compensation.
Austrian Neutrality amid Russia’s War on Ukraine
Authors: Janik Ralph
Published: July 2023

Austria’s status as a ‘permanently neutral’ country has changed significantly ever since it joined the European Union back in 1995. More than ever, the country is still maneuvering between solidarity within the EU and participating in its common foreign policy and upholding a long-standing tradition of remaining uninvolved in foreign wars. Yet, Russia’s attack on Ukraine shows that there are certain inconsistencies in this search for striking a balance: While the Austrian government has condemned the invasion, implemented EU sanctions, and allowed the transport of weapons through its territory, it refrained from providing arms or military training to the Ukrainian military. In so doing, it is not always clear whether these actions (or omissions) are justified with legal or political arguments. The present article will try to fill this gap.