bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Control of Security of Cyber Train Gateway
Authors: Prochazka Jan , Novobilsky Petr , Prochazkova Dana
Published: June 2022

The presence of many moving elements in case of trains is the specific problem of railway transport infrastructures. The security of moving elements within the cyber-physical system (CPS) needs, therefore, to be ensured against both physical and cyber intrusion. We will deal with the cyber gateway of the train, which is called a mobile communication gateway (MCG). It is associated with problems of the standard cyber gateway and the problems specific to the moving systems. It is impossi-ble to secure communication between train and control centrum through a closed communication system only, it need to take place through open space because of extensive infrastructure with assistance of ground communication gateway (GCG). The MCG design shall ensure the security functions of the gateway as well as sufficient communication capacity. Our control over environmental conditions of MCG is limited because it is in open space, both physical and cyber, often in motion. The MCG, there-fore, needs to be able to respond dynamically to environmental changes caused by deliberate attacks or unintentional changes in the system. The ability of the adaptability must be given to the MCG in design
Same same, but different: A psychometric examination of three frequently used experimental tasks for cognitive bias assessment in a sample of healthy young adults
Authors: Machulska Alla , Kleinke Kristian , Klucken Tim
Published: June 2022

Cognitive bias research draws upon the notion that altered information processing is key for understanding psychological functioning and well-being. However, little attention has been paid to the question of whether the frequently used experimental paradigms hold adequate psychometric properties. The present study examined the psychometric properties of three widely used cognitive bias tasks: the Approach-Avoidance Task (AAT), the visual dot-probe-task, and the Implicit Association Test (IAT). Approach, attentional, and association biases towards valenced stimuli were repeatedly measured at five different time points in a sample of 79 healthy young adults. Two different devices were used for assessment: a personal computer (PC) and a touchscreen-based tablet. Reliability estimates included internal consistency and temporal stability. Validity was inferred from convergence across different behavioral tasks and correlations between bias scores and self-reported psychological traits. Reliability ranged widely amongst tasks, assessment devices, and measurement time points. While the dot-probe-task appeared to be completely unreliable, bias scores obtained from the PC-based version of the AAT and both (PC and touchscreen) versions of the IAT showed moderate reliability. Almost no associations were found across information processing tasks or between implicit and explicit measures. Cognitive bias research should adopt a standard practice to routinely estimate and report psychometric properties of experimental paradigms, investigate feasible ways to develop more reliable tools, and use tasks that are suitable to answer the precise research question asked.
Willingness to participate in in-the-moment surveys triggered by online behaviors
Authors: Ochoa Carlos , Revilla Melanie
Published: June 2022

Surveys are a fundamental tool of empirical research, but they suffer from errors: in particular, respondents can have difficulties recalling information of interest to researchers. Recent technological developments offer new opportunities to collect data passively (i.e., without participant’s intervention), avoiding recall errors. One of these opportunities is registering online behaviors (e.g., visited URLs) through tracking software (“meter”) voluntarily installed by a sample of individuals on their browsing devices. Nevertheless, metered data are also affected by errors and only cover part of the objective information, while subjective information is not directly observable. Asking participants about such missing information by means of web surveys conducted in the moment an event of interest is detected by the meter has the potential to fill the gap. However, this method requires participants to be willing to participate. This paper explores the willingness to participate in in-the-moment web surveys triggered by online activities recorded by a participant-installed meter. A conjoint experiment implemented in an opt-in metered panel in Spain reveals overall high levels of willingness to participate among panelists already sharing metered data, ranging from 69% to 95%. The main aspects affecting this willingness are related to the incentive levels offered. Limited differences across participants are observed, except for household size and education. Answers to open questions also confirm that the incentive is the key driver of the decision to participate, whereas other potential problematic aspects such as the limited time to participate, privacy concerns, and discomfort caused by being interrupted play a limited role.
Estimation of Higher heating Value of Biomass from Proximate and Ultimate Analysis: A Novel Approach
Authors: Jun Sheng Teh  , Yew Heng Teoh  , Mohamad Yusof Idroas  , Heoy Geok How
Published: June 2022

Biomass is the organic matter formed by photosynthesis that occurs on the earth’s surface. They contain all forms of waste compost, including urban solid waste, municipal bio solids, animal wastes, forestry and agricultural wastes, and some industrial wastes. Efficient use of biomass oil would aid in the resolution of issues caused by fossil fuels. However, the biggest issue about using this energy is due to the gas composition of biomass material. As a result, properties of biomass are the critical parameter for assessing the fuel content of a special biomass substance in energetic applications. Gasification is the most mature thermo-chemical conversion technique available among the various methods of transforming biomass materials to bio resources. In this context, proximate and ultimate analysis has been used to classify two groups of biomass material that carry out in this experiment. The proximate analysis results have been obtained by the TGA technique while the ultimate analysis results will obtain by the GC mechanism. Then, based on the proximate analysis data various empirical equations containing linear and nonlinear terms were evaluated in order to predict the higher heating values (HHV) of the entire sample range. Since, the biomasses used in this analysis have different properties and fuel characteristics, the estimated HHV for the wood pellet sample are between 15.33 and 19.71 MJ/kg, while the rubber seed sample is between 15.18 and 18.64 MJ/kg. According to the experimental findings, the HHV of wood pellet is at around 2.95 MJ/Nm3 while the HHV of rubber seed of about 4.99MJ/Nm3. The comparison on the theoretical analysis have been show 0.19% compared to the results on wood pellet while the rubber seed have at around 2.07% difference compare each other. The experimental results on wood pellets, the findings reveal a 15.35% difference, while rubber seed indicates a 13.81% difference. Nonetheless, the finding and analysis on the properties, the results can be considered within reasonable limits.
Persons facial image synthesis from audio with Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Maniyar Huzaifa , Veerappa Budihal Suneeta , Siddamal Saroja V.
Published: June 2022

This paper proposes to build a framework with Generative Adversarial Network (GANs) to synthesize a person's facial image from audio input. Image and speech are the two main sources of information exchange between two entities. In some data intensive applications, a large amount of audio has to be translated into an understandable image format, with automated system, without human interference. This paper provides an end-to-end model for intelligible image reconstruction from an audio signal. The model uses a GAN architecture, which generates image features using audio waveforms for image synthesis. The model was created to produce facial images from audio of individual identities of a synthesized image of the speakers, based on the training dataset. The images of labelled persons are generated using excitation signals and the method obtained results with an accuracy of 96.88% for ungrouped data and 93.91% for grouped data.
INTERDEPENDENCIES IN THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY
Authors: Chita Elena-Iulia
Published: June 2022

The interaction of producers and consumers is determined by various factors, but is primarily due to changes in the development of the economy and society. In terms of the car industry, it is of strategic importance to the global economy, playing a key role in terms of growth, exports, innovation and employment. The sector records the most pri-vate investment in research and innovation and is a key factor for technological innovation and is also an important growth multiplier, due to strong trade links with several industrial sectors. This is the main scope of this article to show that everything is connected.
SEARCH PECULIARITIES OF EDUCATIONAL CONTENT IN CONTEXT OF REMOTE WORK
Authors: Davidavičius Sigitas , Limba Tadas
Published: June 2022

Last decades showed that there is a huge shift in the way how marketing professionals and scientists under-stand digital marketing activities. The focus moved from proper selection of communication channel or other measures to more holistic approaches such as inbound marketing, which unifies the range of marketing tactics like content mar-keting, marketing on social media, search marketing etc. The content became one of the core elements of digital value proposition (OVP) along with the product. The pandemic of COVID-19 have changed the behavior of people in their everyday life both in the context of entertainment and work. Teleworking has become a norm and revealed a range of issues faced by those who work from home. They are on they own with adoption of new and in some cases never used before technologies and obviously need for effective support in form of accessible and usable content which in turn creates a lot of uncertainties for companies operating in the field. Decisions related to the form of content the search channel became relevant as never before. Paper aims to investigate trends and changes of the educational content con-sumption preferences among the users in the face of COVID-19. In order to investigate needs and preferences of con-sumers in terms of educational content related to teleworking software consumption, a survey method and descriptive statistics where employed. Home-based workers of various profiles were interviewed and specific trends of needs for software and educational content as well as forms and search channels of the content were revealed. The study shows that during the COVID-19 and the remote work determined by it, a need for communicational technologies, and software increased which caused in turn increased need for educational content related to usage of those technologies. Costumers are intended to look for such a content using mainly search engines then video streaming services, websites of software producers and then forums. The most preferred form of content – video and combined text and images.
TRANSPORT POLICIES AND BUSINESS PRACTICES DURING COVID-19 AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE MANAGEMENT OF NEW TRANSPORT MOBILITY SYSTEMS – INTRODUCTORY PART
Authors: Turoń Katarzyna , Kubik Andrzej
Published: June 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound effect on global economies. Transport was a particular sector of the economy that was particularly exposed to the spread of the virus. This has led to many changes in the manage-ment and the implementation of various types of business practices in the new mobility companies during the pan-demic and post-pandemic periods. The work aimed to analyze the policies in the field of transport in pandemic times and the practices implemented and provided by enterprises in the field of new mobility, including companies sharing vehicles, e.g., car-sharing, bike-sharing, scooter-sharing, and ride-sharing. Furthermore, the article was used to indi-cate the changes that have occurred in the management of new mobility enterprises in companies operating in Asia, Europe, and America. The work is based on secondary data research and own research. The developed results indicate which operators made the most changes and which continents proposed the most changes to transport policies. The article supports the development of both new policies for the post-pandemic period and new business practices for companies in the new mobility services industry.
Electrostatic Lofting Conditions for Supercharged Dust
Authors: Nichols K. D. , Scheeres D. J.
Published: June 2022

Electrostatic dust lofting may be a common occurrence on small bodies in the solar system, whereby the upward electrostatic force on a grain is able to overcome the surface gravity and cohesion binding it to the surface. This electrostatic lofting may serve to redistribute and transport dust across the surface of these bodies to produce features such as dust ponds and lineations found on Eros, or even to rid bodies of small particles completely. Classical models, which distribute charge evenly across a dust grain, have historically predicted electric field strengths that are insufficient to loft dust. However, recent studies have developed grain-scale charging models that account for the buildup of charge in the microcavities of regolith and assume unequal distribution of charge on a dust grain. These models predict electric field strengths orders of magnitude larger than classical models, which may explain how electrostatic dust lofting occurs on small bodies. In this paper, we compare the grain-scale supercharging models developed by Zimmerman et al. and survey how the different parameters affect grain charging—namely, charge separation, grain size, and dielectric breakdown strength. Furthermore, we investigate how each of the charging models can be used to bound initial condition requirements such as charge and velocity for dust lofting to occur on these small bodies. Initial condition requirements are examined for a range of grain sizes, regolith cohesive strengths, and small body sizes.
The CO Emission in the Taffy Galaxies (UGC 12914/15) at 60 pc Resolution. I. The Battle for Star Formation in the Turbulent Taffy Bridge
Authors: Appleton P. N. , Emonts B. , Lisenfeld U. , Falgarone E. , Guillard P. , Boulanger F. , Braine J. , Ogle P. , Struck C. , Vollmer B. , Yeager T.
Published: June 2022

We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations at a spatial resolution of 0.″2 (60 pc) of CO emission from the Taffy galaxies (UGC 12914/5). The observations are compared with narrowband Paα, mid-IR, radio continuum and X-ray imaging, plus optical spectroscopy. The galaxies have undergone a recent head-on collision, creating a massive gaseous bridge that is known to be highly turbulent. The bridge contains a complex web of narrow molecular filaments and clumps. The majority of the filaments are devoid of star formation, and fall significantly below the Kennicutt–Schmidt relationship for normal galaxies, especially for the numerous regions undetected in Paα emission. Within the loosely connected filaments and clumps of gas we find regions of high velocity dispersion that appear gravitationally unbound for a wide range of likely values of X
CO. Like the “Firecracker” region in the Antennae system, they would require extremely high external dynamical or thermal pressure to stop them dissipating rapidly on short crossing timescales of 2–5 Myr. We suggest that the clouds may be transient structures within a highly turbulent multiphase medium that is strongly suppressing star formation. Despite the overall turbulence in the system, stars seem to have formed in compact hotspots within a kiloparsec-sized extragalactic H ii region, where the molecular gas has a lower velocity dispersion than elsewhere, and shows evidence for a collision with an ionized gas cloud. Like the shocked gas in the Stephan’s Quintet group, the conditions in the Taffy bridge shows how difficult it is to form stars within a turbulent, multiphase, gas.
The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey. XXXIII. Stellar Population Gradients in the Virgo Cluster Core Globular Cluster System
Authors: Ko Youkyung , Peng Eric W. , Côté Patrick , Ferrarese Laura , Liu Chengze , Longobardi Alessia , Lançon Ariane , Muñoz Roberto P. , Puzia Thomas H. , Alamo-Martínez Karla A. , Sales Laura V. , Ramos-Almendares Felipe , Abadi Mario G. , Lee Myung Gyoon , Hwang Ho Seong , Caldwell Nelson , Blakeslee John P. , Boselli Alessandro , Cuillandre Jean-Charles , Duc Pierre-Alain , Eyheramendy Susana , Guhathakurta Puragra , Gwyn Stephen , Jordán Andrés , Lim Sungsoon , Sánchez-Janssen Rubén , Toloba Elisa
Published: June 2022

We present a study of the stellar populations of globular clusters (GCs) in the Virgo Cluster core with a homogeneous spectroscopic catalog of 692 GCs within a major-axis distance R
maj = 840 kpc from M87. We investigate radial and azimuthal variations in the mean age, total metallicity, [Fe/H], and α-element abundance of blue (metal-poor) and red (metal-rich) GCs using their co-added spectra. We find that the blue GCs have a steep radial gradient in [Z/H] within R
maj = 165 kpc, with roughly equal contributions from [Fe/H] and [α/Fe], and flat gradients beyond. By contrast, the red GCs show a much shallower gradient in [Z/H], which is entirely driven by [Fe/H]. We use GC-tagged Illustris simulations to demonstrate an accretion scenario where more massive satellites (with more metal- and α-rich GCs) sink further into the central galaxy than less massive ones, and where the gradient flattening occurs because of the low GC occupation fraction of low-mass dwarfs disrupted at larger distances. The dense environment around M87 may also cause the steep [α/Fe] gradient of the blue GCs, mirroring what is seen in the dwarf galaxy population. The progenitors of red GCs have a narrower mass range than those of blue GCs, which makes their gradients shallower. We also explore spatial inhomogeneity in GC abundances, finding that the red GCs to the northwest of M87 are slightly more metal-rich. Future observations of GC stellar population gradients will be useful diagnostics of halo merger histories.
Multiple Measurements of Gravitational Waves Acting as Standard Probes: Model-independent Constraints on the Cosmic Curvature with DECIGO
Authors: Zhang Yilong , Cao Shuo , Liu Xiaolin , Liu Tonghua , Liu Yuting , Zheng Chenfa
Published: June 2022

Although the spatial curvature has been precisely determined via observations of the cosmic microwave background by the Planck satellite, it still suffers from the well-known cosmic curvature tension. As a standard siren, gravitational waves (GWs) from binary neutron star mergers provide a direct way to measure the luminosity distance. In addition, the accelerating expansion of the universe may cause an additional phase shift in the gravitational waveform, which will allow us to measure the acceleration parameter. This measurement provides an important opportunity to determine the curvature parameter Ω
k
in the GW domain based on the combination of two different observables for the same objects at high redshifts. In this study, we investigate how such an idea could be implemented with the future generation of the space-based Decihertz Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (DECIGO) in the framework of two model-independent methods. Our results show that DECIGO could provide a reliable and stringent constraint on the cosmic curvature at a precision of ΔΩ
k
= 0.12, which is comparable to existing results based on different electromagnetic data. Our constraints are more stringent than the traditional electromagnetic method from the Pantheon sample of Type Ia supernovae, which shows no evidence for a deviation from a flat universe at z ∼ 2.3. More importantly, with our model-independent method, such a second-generation space-based GW detector would also be able to explore the possible evolution of Ω
k
with redshift, through direct measurements of cosmic curvature at different redshifts (z ∼ 5). Such a model-independent Ω
k
reconstruction to the distant past could become a milestone in gravitational-wave cosmology.
Radial Evolution of Thermal and Suprathermal Electron Populations in the Slow Solar Wind from 0.13 to 0.5 au: Parker Solar Probe Observations
Authors: Abraham Joel B. , Owen Christopher J. , Verscharen Daniel , Bakrania Mayur , Stansby David , Wicks Robert T. , Nicolaou Georgios , Whittlesey Phyllis L. , Agudelo Rueda Jeffersson A. , Jeong Seong-Yeop , Berčič Laura
Published: June 2022

We develop and apply a bespoke fitting routine to a large volume of solar wind electron distribution data measured by Parker Solar Probe over its first five orbits, covering radial distances from 0.13 to 0.5 au. We characterize the radial evolution of the electron core, halo, and strahl populations in the slow solar wind during these orbits. The fractional densities of these three electron populations provide evidence for the growth of the combined suprathermal halo and strahl populations from 0.13 to 0.17 au. Moreover, the growth in the halo population is not matched by a decrease in the strahl population at these distances, as has been reported for previous observations at distances greater than 0.3 au. We also find that the halo is negligible at small heliocentric distances. The fractional strahl density remains relatively constant at ∼1% below 0.2 au, suggesting that the rise in the relative halo density is not solely due to the transfer of strahl electrons into the halo.
Nodal Precession and Tidal Evolution of Two Hot Jupiters: WASP-33 b and KELT-9 b
Authors: Stephan Alexander P. , Wang 王 Ji 吉 , Cauley P. Wilson , Gaudi B. Scott , Ilyin Ilya , Johnson Marshall C. , Strassmeier Klaus G.
Published: June 2022

Hot Jupiters orbiting rapidly rotating stars on inclined orbits undergo tidally induced nodal precession measurable over several years of observations. The Hot Jupiters WASP-33 b and KELT-9 b are particularly interesting targets because they are among the hottest planets found to date, orbiting relatively massive stars. Here, we analyze archival and new data that span 11 and 5 yr for WASP-33 b and KELT-9 b, respectively, in order to model and improve upon their tidal precession parameters. Our work confirms the nodal precession for WASP-33 b and presents the first clear detection of the precession of KELT-9 b. We determine that WASP-33 and KELT-9 have gravitational quadrupole moments

(

6.3

−
0.8

+
1.2

)
×

10

−
5

and

(

3.26

−
0.80

+
0.93

)
×

10

−
4

, respectively. We estimate the planets’ precession periods to be

1460

−
130

+
170

yr and

890

−
140

+
200

yr, respectively, and that they will cease to transit their host stars around the years

2090

−
10

+
17

CE and

2074

−
10

+
12

CE, respectively. Additionally, we investigate both planets’ tidal and orbital evolution, suggesting that a high-eccentricity tidal migration scenario is possible to produce both system architectures and that they will most likely not be engulfed by their hosts before the end of their main-sequence lifetimes.
Discovery of a 500 au Protobinary in the Massive Prestellar Core G11.92–0.61 MM2
Authors: Cyganowski C. J. , Ilee J. D. , Brogan C. L. , Hunter T. R. , Zhang 张 S. 遂楠 , Harries T. J. , Haworth T. J.
Published: June 2022

We present high-resolution (≲160 au) Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) 1.3 mm observations of the high-mass prestellar core candidate G11.92−0.61 MM2, which reveal that this source is in fact a protobinary system with a projected separation of 505 au. The binary components, MM2E and MM2W, are compact (radii <140 au) sources within the partially optically thick dust emission with α
0.9 cm−1.3 mm = 2.47–2.94. The 1.3 mm brightness temperatures, T
b = 68.4/64.6 K for MM2E/MM2W, imply internal heating and minimum luminosities L
* > 24.7 L
⊙ for MM2E and L
* > 12.6 L
⊙ for MM2W. The compact sources are connected by a “bridge” of lower-surface-brightness dust emission and lie within more extended emission that may correspond to a circumbinary disk. The circumprotostellar gas mass, estimated from ∼0.″2 resolution VLA 0.9 cm observations assuming optically thin emission, is 6.8 ± 0.9 M
⊙. No line emission is detected toward MM2E and MM2W in our high-resolution 1.3 mm ALMA observations. The only line detected is 13CO J = 2–1, in absorption against the 1.3 mm continuum, which likely traces a layer of cooler molecular material surrounding the protostars. We also report the discovery of a highly asymmetric bipolar molecular outflow that appears to be driven by MM2E and/or MM2W in new deep, ∼0.″5 resolution (1685 au) ALMA 0.82 mm observations. This outflow, traced by low-excitation CH3OH emission, indicates ongoing accretion onto the protobinary system. Overall, the super-Alfvénic models of Mignon-Risse et al. agree well with the observed properties of the MM2E/MM2W protobinary, suggesting that this system may be forming in an environment with a weak magnetic field.
Cosmological Constraints on the Global Star Formation Law of Galaxies: Insights from Baryon Acoustic Oscillation Intensity Mapping
Authors: Sun Guochao
Published: June 2022

Originally proposed as a cosmological probe of the large-scale structure, line intensity mapping (LIM) also offers a unique window into the astrophysics of galaxy evolution. Adding to the astrophysical explorations of the LIM technique that have traditionally focused on small, nonlinear scales, we present a novel method to study the global star formation law using forthcoming data from large-scale baryonic acoustic oscillation (BAO) intensity mapping. Using the amplitude of the percent-level but scale-dependent bias induced by baryon fraction fluctuations on BAO scales, we show that combining auto- and cross-correlation power spectra of two (or more) LIM signals allows to probe the star formation law power index



. We examine the prospect for mapping Hα and [O iii] lines across all scales, especially where imprints of the baryon fraction deviation exist, with space missions like SPHEREx. We show that although SPHEREx may only marginally probe



by accessing a modest number of large-scale modes in its 200 deg2 deep survey, future infrared all-sky surveys reaching a comparable depth with an improved spectral resolution (R ≳ 400) are likely to constrain



to a precision of 10%–30%, sufficient for distinguishing models with varying feedback assumptions, out to z ∼ 4 using BAO intensity mapping. Leveraging this effect, large, cosmic-variance-limited LIM surveys in the far future can scrutinize the physical connection between galaxy evolution and the large-scale cosmological environment, while performing stringent tests of the standard cosmological model.
Global-scale Reshaping and Resurfacing of Asteroids by Small-scale Impacts, with Applications to the DART and Hera Missions
Authors: Raducan Sabina D. , Jutzi Martin
Published: June 2022

We use a novel approach to model the entire cratering process resulting from impacts on small, weak asteroids that uses shock physics code calculations directly. We found that small-scale impacts (with a projectile size less than 1/150 of the target size) can significantly deform weak asteroids, causing global resurfacing at the same time. As a result, the collisional lifetime of the overall asteroid shapes is significantly lower than the traditionally used lifetime based on catastrophic disruption events. We also show that even very low asteroid cohesions can drastically influence the outcome of an impact. Consequently, if the target is homogeneous and weaker than ≈10 Pa, then NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test impact on Dimorphos may not lead to a cratering event, as originally anticipated. Rather, the impact may change the global morphology of the asteroid. Our results, together with future observations by the ESA’s Hera mission, will provide constraints regarding the evolution of the shapes and structures of small asteroids by subcatastrophic impacts.
Notes on Stenomacra tungurahuana Brailovsky & Mayorga, 1997 (Hemiptera, Pyrrhocoroidea, Largidae)
Authors: Cisneros-Heredia Diego F.
Published: June 2022

The hemipteran Stenomacra tungurahuana Brailovsky & Mayorga was described in 1997 and remains known from just two localities in Ecuador. No ecological information nor description of its colouration in life have been reported for the species.

In this contribution, I present a new record of S. tungurahuana from San Isidro Lodge, province of Napo, that extends its distribution to the northeastern slopes of the Andes of Ecuador, ca. 108 km from its type locality. I discuss the accuracy of the two previously known localities of the species (Baños, type locality, and Quito), suggesting that these localities may be imprecise, and the specimens could have been actually collected on the eastern slopes of the Andes. I provide the first description of the colouration in life of S. tungurahuana, including photographs.
Description of two new species of Turanogryllini crickets (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae) from Cameroon, with identification keys for African species
Authors: Nyobe Philene Corinne Aude Um , Robillard Tony , Kekeunou Sevilor , Ma Libin , Nzike Marcelle Mbadjoun , Bilong Charles Felix Bilong
Published: June 2022

During a Gryllidae survey in the Southern Cameroonian Plateau, two new species of the tribe Turanogryllini Otte, 1987 were discovered and described, namelyTuranogryllus zamakoensisUm Nyobe, Kekeunou & Bilong Bilongsp. nov.andNeogryllopsis gorochoviUm Nyobe, Kekeunou & Masp. nov.This finding extends the known distribution of the generaTuranogryllusTarbinsky, 1940 andNeogryllopsisOtte, 1983. New environments are also recorded for these crickets, and an identification key for African species is proposed for these two genera.
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Gene Variants in Childhood-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus With Macrophage Activation Syndrome
Authors: Lahiry Piya , Naumenko Sergey , Couse Madeline , Liao Fangming , Dominguez Daniela , Knight Andrea , Levy Deborah M. , Misztal Melissa , Ng Lawrence W.K. , Hiraki Linda T.
Published: June 2022

Objective

Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), a life-threatening complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), resembles familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), an inherited disorder of hyperinflammation. We compared the proportion of patients with childhood-onset SLE (cSLE) with and without MAS who carried low-frequency HLH nonsynonymous variants.

Methods

We enrolled patients from the Lupus Clinic at SickKids, Toronto. Demographic and clinical features were extracted from the SLE database and ancestry was genetically inferred using multiethnic genotyping array data. Patients with MAS (based on expert diagnosis) underwent either paired-end whole-exome sequencing (WES; read depth: 70-118X) or whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Patients without MAS had WGS (read depth: 37-40X). In 16 HLH genes, we prioritized low-frequency (minor allele frequency [MAF] < 0.05) exonic nonsynonymous variants. We compared the proportion of patients with and without MAS carrying HLH variants (Fisher exact test,P< 0.05). MAFs were compared to an ancestrally matched general population (Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine [TOPMed] and Genome Aggregation Database [gnomAD]).

Results

The study included 81 patients with cSLE, 19 of whom had MAS. We identified 47 unique low-frequency nonsynonymous HLH variants. There was no difference in the proportion of patients with and without MAS carrying ≥ 1 HLH variants (37% vs 47%,P= 0.44). The MAS cohort did not carry more HLH variants when compared to an ancestrally matched general population.

Conclusion

In a single-center multiethnic cSLE cohort, we found no difference in the proportion of patients with MAS carrying nonsynonymous HLH genetic variants compared to patients without MAS. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the frequency of HLH genetic variants in relation to MAS among patients with cSLE. Future studies are required to validate our findings.
L’existence sociale de l’utopie
Authors: Zanin Sergey
Published: June 2022

En partant du constat que les significations du terme « utopie » varient en fonction des différents niveaux de langue (politique, professionnel, commun, etc.) l’auteur s’interroge sur les modalités des « expérimentations utopiques » dans la société. Dans la lignée des analyses de Paul Ricœur et de Robert Nozick, ainsi qu’en s’appuyant sur les conclusions de ses propres recherches consacrées aux représentations utopiques au XVIIIe siècle, l’auteur montre que l’utopie permet à l’individu d’exprimer son idéal de la société basé sur des choix axiologiques personnels, ainsi qu’à fonder l’identité d’un groupe dont les membres disputent à l’idéologie sa prétention à la domination. Enfin, l’utopie sous la forme de fiction constitue un élément important d’un discours théorique portant sur les modèles institutionnels alternatifs et questionnant l’idéologie. L’étude des modes de l’existence sociale de l’utopie permet d’interpréter la façon dont elle se manifeste et perdure dans la société.
Utopie et modernité
Authors: Tundo Ferente Laura
Published: June 2022

Tout au long de l’époque moderne, l’utopie a connu une floraison vaste et diversifiée dans ses expressions, non seulement littéraire, philosophique, politique, architecturale et urbanistique, mais aussi dans le cadre des mouvements populaires. L’utopie moderne rassemble des contenus issus des mythes, de la pensée grecque classique, des innovations, découvertes et explorations modernes, du nouveau rôle de la rationalité. Avec les auteurs les plus considérables de l’utopie moderne – More, Campanella, Bacon, Mercier – se forment les archétypes utopiques de la narration et du projet, de l’ ou-topos/eu-topos . En même temps se produit la rencontre entre l’imaginaire et la rationalité, l’analyse critique du présent et la comparaison avec l’ailleurs, spatial ou temporel. Les déclinaisons modernes de la société juste et heureuse, du progrès et du développement humain, des droits et de la paix, émergent à la fois de la contribution utopique de nombreux auteurs et des grands événements révolutionnaires modernes.
Entre visées sportives et contraintes économiques : l’évolution de l’équipement du boxeur dans l’Europe et les États-Unis de la Belle Époque et des Années Folles
Authors: Hadjeras Stéphane
Published: June 2022

Dans le premier quart du XX e  siècle, et particulièrement avant la Première Guerre mondiale, la boxe anglaise est un des spectacles sportifs les plus courus du monde occidental. Pratique à la fois esthétique et brutale, la boxe donne lieu à une mise en scène du corps et s’érige en idéal de régénérescence physique. Elle fascine un public hétérogène issu aussi bien des élites, notamment artistiques, que des milieux populaires. Tantôt considérée comme un art noble, tantôt comme un jeu de brute, la boxe semble être alors le miroir d’une Belle Époque partagée, selon l’historien italien Emilio Gentile, entre « modernité triomphante » et « barbarie de la splendeur ». Aussi, en retraçant l’histoire de l’équipement pugilistique et en tentant d’en saisir les visées, cet article a-t-il une triple ambition. D’abord, il évalue la place occupée par l’habillement pugilistique au sein d’un marché du matériel sportif alors en pleine expansion. Ensuite, il éclaire les finalités d’un sport singulier qui articule habillement, divertissement commercial et spectacle agonistique au dénouement potentiellement tragique. Enfin, il vise à mieux cerner le triomphe de la boxe aux États-Unis et dans une partie de l’Europe d’avant-guerre. Son succès semble s’inscrire, au même titre que celui des sports aériens ou automobiles, dans une « culture de l’agression » annonçant partiellement les violences du premier conflit mondial.
Great expectations and unfulfilled dreams: the design and production of sportswear in the late USSR (1960S-1991)
Authors: Kulinicheva Ekaterina
Published: June 2022

Cet article est centré sur le Comité des sports de l’URSS et en particulier sur la Maison des prototypes de vêtements de sport (DMSO), située à Moscou, qui embauchait des artistes et des créateurs de mode pour développer des innovations à la fois esthétiques et fonctionnelles. Il propose d’abord une chronologie du développement de l’industrie soviétique des vêtements de sport après la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Trois périodes peuvent être distinguées : de la fin des années 1940 à la fin des années 1950, de 1960 à 1980 et de 1980 à 1991. L’article explore ensuite la tentative soviétique de créer un système non capitaliste de sélection et de développement de nouveaux produits pour la production de masse. Elle passe par l’ouverture en 1962 d’un centre de conception spécialisé (la DMSO), qui emploie des créateurs de mode et est responsable de toute la gamme de vêtements de sport. Toutefois le succès reste limité. Le potentiel de cette initiative révolutionnaire n’a pas été exploité du fait des limites de l’économie planifiée et des problèmes rencontrés : une coordination complexe des différents acteurs dans la chaîne de production ; des tensions entre les concepteurs et les usines ; la structure industrielle, dans laquelle la production de masse d’articles de sport ne fonctionnait pas comme une industrie indépendante ; les industries dites connexes qui développaient et fournissaient de nouvelles machines de production ou encore de nouvelles matières premières artificielles ; enfin, les enjeux d’échange industriel. À partir des années 1960, cette industrie a adopté une nouvelle approche, considérant les nouveautés du sportswear liées aux tendances esthétiques contemporaines comme une caractéristique de la modernité. Elle a donc fait appel à des professionnels de la mode qui ont appliqué la pratique du design désormais en vogue à une large gamme de vêtements de sport, des vêtements de performance aux articles produits pour un grand nombre de consommateurs. Cette analyse permet de réviser la vision dominante des interactions entre l’industrie de la mode et la production de masse de vêtements de sport, en montrant que celles-ci ne sont pas un phénomène nouveau apparu seulement dans les années 2000.
Y a-t-il une culture ukrainienne ?
Authors: Markowicz André , Jenni Alexis , Mannooretonil Agnès
Published: June 2022

André Markowicz est poète français et traducteur du russe. Il a traduit tout Dostoïevski, mais aussi Gogol, Pouchkine, Boulgakov… la liste est longue. Parallèlement, il utilise sa page Facebook comme un journal d’écrivain, où il publie depuis 2013 de longs textes qui sont rassemblés en volumes aux éditions Inculte. Il y suit aussi de près les dérives de la Russie poutinienne et, depuis le 24 février, la guerre en Ukraine.
Chapitre 6. L’institutionnalisation de l’idée de développement durable et le renouveau démocratique
Authors: Byk Christian
Published: June 2022

Le développement durable constitue-t-il un moyen d’organiser rationnellement la pénurie et/ou est-il aussi une incitation à rechercher de nouvelles approches d’élaboration du processus démocratique ?
Réflexivité filmique et participation animale
Authors: Camus Laurent
Published: June 2022

Cet article s’intéresse à la participation des animaux à l’interaction à partir de l’étude des pratiques audiovisuelles de mise en image de situations sociales engageant des humains et des animaux. Dans une démarche inspirée de l’ethnométhodologie et de l’analyse conversationnelle, il propose l’analyse vidéo d’interactions en régie lors de la réalisation audiovisuelle d’un grand spectacle (la Fête des vignerons). L’étude porte en particulier sur la captation d’une scène de ce spectacle, le Ranz des vaches, chant traditionnel célébrant le lien du berger à son animal. À travers ce terrain, l’article explore la notion de réflexivité filmique en examinant les pratiques situées par lesquelles l’intelligibilité des interactions entre humains et animaux est perçue et documentée par l’image vidéo.
A Longitudinal View of Perceptions of Entering Nursing Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bultas Margaret W. , L'Ecuyer Kristine M.
Published: June 2022

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly changed the landscape of health care and transition to practice for new graduates. The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the effects of the pandemic on the first-year experience of new nurses.

Method

A longitudinal, observational, descriptive study design was used. One hundred eighteen survey links were sent to new bachelor of science in nursing graduates from June 2020 to May 2021, with 56 responses to the first survey.

Results

Participants indicated the COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected the new graduate experience, resulted in concern for personal health and safety, and negatively altered preparation for the first year in practice. However, desire to be a nurse and view of nursing remained positive.

Conclusion

The first year in practice is stressful and challenging. The pandemic posed additional challenges to employers and new graduates. Future research should explore the long-term impact of the pandemic on an already strained nursing workforce.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2022;53(6):256–263.]
Death Anxiety and Willingness to Work in Geriatric Care: The Role of Contact With Older Adults
Authors: Tang Weizhou , Gao Rui , Wang Yang
Published: June 2022

The current study sought to examine the moderating role of contact with older adults in the relationship between medical and nursing students' death anxiety and their willingness to work in geriatric care. A total of 385 Chinese freshman and sophomore medical and nursing students were included in this cross-sectional study. Logistic regression results showed that death anxiety was negatively related to students' willingness to work in geriatric care. The negative association between death anxiety and willingness was moderated by contact with general older adults (i.e., students who had frequent contact with general older adults were more willing to work in geriatric care even with a high level of death anxiety). However, contact with grandparents did not have a significant moderation effect. Interventions to reduce the negative impact of death anxiety on students' willingness to work with older adults should consider increasing medical and nursing students' quality and frequency of contact with older adults. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 48
(6), 49–56.]
Effect of thickness on photovoltaic properties of amorphous carbon/fullerene junction
Authors: Eguchi Takuto , Kato Shinya , Kishi Naoki , Soga Tetsuo
Published: June 2022

All-carbon photovoltaic devices have attracted attention in terms of resources and environment. However, the device application is very limited because of poor performance. In this work, we studied the solar cell characteristics of amorphous carbon (a–C)/fullerene (C60) junction when the thickness of the a–C layer was varied. When the thickness of the a–C layer was varied, the short-circuit current density and open-circuit voltage increased with increasing film thickness and then decreased after a certain value. Also, the spectral response measurement results suggest that most of the power generation is due to the light absorbed by the C60 layer, and that the light absorbed by the a–C layer may contribute little to power generation. This study suggests that the improvement in the electronic properties of a–C is necessary to make a photovoltaic device with high performance.
Evaluation of laboratory test methods for assessing the alkali-reactivity potential of aggregates by field site tests
Authors: Borchers I. , Lindgård J. , Müller C.
Published: June 2022

Field site tests were carried out to assess the reliability of the tests developed by RILEM and some regional tests to evaluate the alkali-reactivity potential of aggregates (eight tests were included). One hundred concrete cubes made with 13 different European aggregate combinations were stored on eight different European field sites to compare their expansions with the laboratory test results. All highly reactive aggregate combinations caused significant expansion of concrete cubes within the first six years on all field sites from Norway to Spain. These and the non-reactive aggregate combinations were correctly identified with all laboratory tests. Concrete cubes with moderately reactive aggregate combinations expanded very slowly and mainly in the outdoor exposure sites with warm climate conditions. The RILEM test method AAR-4.1 (60°C accelerated concrete prism test) and the Norwegian concrete prism test at 38°C seem to be best suited to identity the potential reactivity of moderately reactive aggregate combinations.
La santé interculturelle, outil de domination ? L’expérience des sages-femmes traditionnelles mexicaines
Authors: El Kotni Mounia
Published: June 2022

À partir d’une enquête ethnographique dans le sud du Mexique, j’analyse la politique de « santé interculturelle » mexicaine à l’aune de l’expérience des sages-femmes traditionnelles. Créé dans le but de concilier biomédecine et médecine traditionnelle, l’hôpital interculturel du Chiapas s’apparente dans les faits à une coquille vide, où les sages-femmes traditionnelles sont invitées à venir exercer sans salaire et où elles sont soumises au contrôle du personnel biomédical. Loin de valoriser les savoirs médicaux indigènes, l’hôpital interculturel est à la fois un lieu et un modèle de santé dans lequel se reproduisent les violences systémiques et les préjugés racistes envers les sages-femmes. Cette expérience souligne la nécessité d’une interculturalité critique, d’autant plus pressante dans un contexte où les sages-femmes traditionnelles sont remplacées par des sages-femmes diplômées, et repoussées vers les marges du système de santé mexicain.
Vivre au péril de l’abandon : le quotidien d’Adama, atteint de troubles mentaux chroniques à Niamey
Authors: Aït Mehdi Gina
Published: June 2022

Cette contribution interroge les rapports entre folie et abandon social à partir de l’ethnographie d’une trajectoire singulière : celle d’Adama, un jeune homme atteint de troubles mentaux, sévères et chroniques, à Niamey (Niger). En s’attachant à retracer son cheminement, à la croisée de processus de mise au banc et de formes plurielles de soutien au sein de la parenté et d’autres espaces relationnels, l’enquête invite à considérer de plus près les dynamiques locales de (dés)engagements dans le soin au long cours. L’approche de la folie à partir de l’ordinaire et au cœur même des interactions quotidiennes permet alors de penser les solidarités contemporaines en Afrique subsaharienne à travers des liens complexes, entre un ordre moral marqué par la solidarité familiale et la production de sollicitudes renouvelées face à cette forme spécifique de dépendance.
Prendre soin des « mères africaines ». Une étude des relations racialisées dans les maternités françaises et italiennes
Authors: Quagliariello Chiara , Sauvegrain Priscille
Published: June 2022

Sur leurs deux terrains de recherches doctorales, italien et francilien, les auteures ont étudié des processus de racialisation de femmes identifiées comme « africaines » par les soignant·e·s des maternités. Elles ont montré que ceux-ci menaient à la construction d’une figure idéalisée de la mère africaine, facile à prendre à charge et « proche de la nature ». Leurs recherches ultérieures les ont amenées à identifier un effritement de cette figure à l’aune de la crise migratoire contemporaine et de l’arrivée en Europe de nouveaux profils de femmes subsahariennes, essentiellement nigérianes, qui viennent réinterroger l’image que les soignant·e·s avaient des patientes africaines. C’est ainsi qu’une reconfiguration des relations racialisées vis-à-vis de la » mère africaine » émerge dans la rencontre des soignant·e·s français·es et italien·ne·s avec les femmes nigérianes, souvent victimes de prostitution forcée. L’incompatibilité des figures de la bonne mère et de la prostituée, mais aussi le désarroi des équipes soignantes devant les épreuves et la précarité auxquelles ces femmes sont confrontées, offrent des cadres d’analyse particulièrement propices pour l’étude de ce qui fait et défait les imaginaires stéréotypés autours des femmes africaines, et des soins différenciés qui en découlent.