bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Legal Regulation of Lottery Proceeds
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Financial Law of the Russian State University of Justice, PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Anisina Karina T. , Sharandina Natalia L. ,   Senior Lecturer of the Department of Financial Law of the Russian State University of Justice
Published: June 2024

The article examines the modern and retrospective regulation of relations in the field of lottery, which is a source of revenue for the budgets of the Russian Federation. The authors conclude that the income received by the state from conducting lotteries is divided into a) tax income arising from the payment of tax by individuals upon receipt of winnings (personal income tax, and income tax from payment by lottery operators and distributors; b) non-tax income generated by mandatory target deductions and unclaimed winnings. It is also emphasized that the field of activity under consideration, which is profitable for the state, requires adjustments in terms of making changes to both tax legislation and budget legislation in terms of establishing fair amounts of targeted deductions to perform state functions for the development of physical culture and sports in the Russian Federation.
Cosmos caudatus Leaf Extract Triggers Apoptosis of HSC-3 Cancer Cells by Decreasing Bcl-2 and Increasing Bax
Authors: Sandra Ferry , Rizal Muhammad Ihsan , Dhaniar Afifah Yumna , Scania Alifah Evi , Lee Kyung Hoon
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated that Cosmos caudatus leaf extract (CCLE) exhibits cytotoxic effects against various types of human cancer. However, the CCLE cytotoxic effect towards oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells has not been investigated. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of CCLE towards the viability and apoptosis in human oral squamous carcinoma (HSC)-3 cells.METHODS: HSC-3 cells were treated with various concentrations of CCLE for 24 h. The number of viable HSC-3 cells were measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), meanwhile the apoptotic HSC-3 cells were measured using sub-G1 assay. Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured using flow cytometry. Bcl-2 and Bax protein content of HSC-3 cells were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).RESULTS: CCLE treatment could decrease the number of HSC-3 viable cells and increase the percentage of HSC-3 apoptotic cells in concentration-dependent manner. In mitochondrial membrane potential assay, CCLE-treated group displayed a peak shifment from 104 to 103. Bcl-2 protein contents of CCLE-treated group were decrease in concentration-dependent manner, meanwhile Bax protein contents of CCLE-treated group were increase in concentration-dependent manner.CONCLUSION: CCLE could trigger apoptosis in HSC-3 cells by decreasing Bcl-2 protein content and increasing Bax protein content in concentration-dependent manner, leading to intrinsic apoptotic pathway.KEYWORDS: Cosmos caudatus, HSC-3, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential, Bcl-2, Bax
NAVIGATING DECARBONIZATION: EXAMINING SHIPPING COMPANIES’ FLEET MODERNIZATION STRATEGIES WORLDWIDE
Authors: Akgül Ersin Fırat
Published: June 2024

The shipping industry's heavy reliance on fossil fuels has significantly contributed to global greenhouse gas emissions, necessitating urgent decarbonization measures. In this context, the trend towards environmentally friendly alternative fuels has accelerated and shipping companies has begun fleet modernization such as retrofitting vessels to accommodate alternative fuel systems or investing in new ships designed for specific alternative fuels. However, there are contradicting approaches in practice on viable option(s) to decarbonize. In this study, it is aimed to determine which strategies the shipping companies in fleet modernization mainly prefer. In this context, the current news under the title of "Shipping-Decarbonization" in the Thompson Reuters Refinitiv terminal has been scanned to seek answers about the direction in which the preferences of practitioners have evolved. Although there are different investment preferences, it has been determined that companies are predominantly investing in ships with methanol and LNG propulsion systems or retrofitting their existing fleets in this area on their decarbonization journey. Based on the analysis, this study aims to provide valuable insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders especially on identification of preferred alternative fuels in order to customize incentives and regulations aimed at encouraging the adoption of these particular alternative fuels
THE RELATIONSHIP AND THE IMPACT OF REMOTE WORK ARRANGEMENTS ON FREIGHT FORWARDERS’ JOB PERFORMANCE, SATISFACTION, AND MOTIVATION
Authors: Türkistanlı Taha Talip , Tuğdemir Kök Gökçe
Published: June 2024

Remote work arrangements have become a critical argument both for employees and employers, particularly during the COVID-19 coronavirus crisis. The continuity of remote work arrangements has come into question as the pandemic disease diminished. Several industries and companies have recognized the advantages of remote work and made remote or flexible work a permanent part of their operations. Additionally, certain employees, perceiving the more favorable conditions provided by remote work, have refused to return to the office or have requested permanent remote work arrangements. Still, many employers are still questioning the pros and cons of remote work. In this context, this research focuses on freight forwarder employees who are assumed to be adaptable to work remotely due to the nature of their work. The research aims to determine current working arrangements and the effect of working remotely on the productivity, satisfaction, and motivation of freight forwarders. Data on these variables were collected through an online survey. All participants were individuals working for private companies in the freight forwarding industry. In an effort to minimize cultural impacts, companies located in Turkey have been chosen as the main sampling in the study. Through statistical analysis, the impact and factors influencing remote work arrangements on employee performance are explored. The effects and relationships between job performance, job motivation, job satisfaction, and work arrangement were examined by regression, correlation, and mediation analysis methods. Revealed findings present significant results for employers aiming to measure the effectiveness of remote work practices and policies.
Fetal ultrasonografide down sendromu sendromu şüphesi uyandıran görüntüler
Authors: Aydoğmuş Süheyla , Ünsal Sümeyye Nur , Gözüküçük Murat
Published: June 2024

Fetal ultrasonografi doğum öncesi bakımın bir parçası olarak görülmekle birlikte sıklıkla ilk üç ayda yapılması önerilmektedir. Genel olarak fetusun ultrasonografiyle incelenmesinin amacı en uygun doğum öncesi bakımın sağlanması ve fetüsün erken dönemdeki gelişimini belirlemektir. Down sendromu canlı doğumlarda en sık rastlanan kromozomal anomalidir ve yaklaşık olarak 1/1000 oranında görülmektedir. Gebe takiplerindeki temel amaç; fetüste meydana gelebilecek olan hastalıkları takip etmek ve bu hastalıklarla ilgili aileye gereken durumlarda genetik danışmanlık vermektir.
Ovarian Tissue Cryopreservation and Transplantation: It is a Noble Goal for Mammalian Species?: A Review
Authors: Mohammed A.A. , Al.Gherair I. , Al-Suwaiegh S. , El-Moaty Z.A. , Alhujaili W. , Mohammed A. , Mohammed A.
Published: June 2024

Ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation is a noble goal for humanity and preserving the genetic materials of superior animal species. Females facing chemotherapy and radiation treatment are exposed to gonadal damage. In addition, superior animals due to sudden death or aging are also at risk to lose their genetic materials. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation has been successfully carried out in different mammalian species resulting in formation of ovarian structures and outcomes upon pregnancy. Trials were applied over ovarian cryopreservation and re-transplantation in humans and different animal species. Several factors effect on ovarian cryopreservation and re-transplantation including technical aspects of freezing ovarian tissue, size of ovarian tissue, age of female, location of transplantation, auto- and xenotransplantation. Restoration of ovarian follicle growth and development, ovulation and corpora lutea formation and development were confirmed in several studies. The growth and development of ovarian follicles to pre-ovulatory follicles and corpora lutea in mammals lasts several months. In addition, in vitro maturation of oocytes aspirated from transplanted ovarian tissues were confirmed in addition to their further embryonic development. Therefore, this review is carried out to collect and discuss the ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation and its effects on both humans and animals as well.
Quality of beer from historical and current varieties of spring barley with addition of valerian and hops
Authors: Némethová Michaela , Psota Vratislav , Gregor Tomáš
Published: June 2024

Historic spring barley varieties can be a source of resistance to abiotic (drought) and biotic (diseases) environmental factors in breeding programs. They can be a source of the new technological characteristics of malt or sensory characteristics of beer. Beers made from Pilsner malt from two historical varieties – Chlumecky (1902) and Stupicky Starocesky (1926) and two contemporary varieties – Bojos and Sebastian (2005) were evaluated. These beers have beenflavoured with valerian, which in combination with hops has been shown to have anxiolytic and sedative effects. A comparison of elementary and sensory parameters of beers with addition of 0.5 g.L-1 and 1.5 g.L-1 of valerian to two different series of beers was carried out. The Chlumecky samples had the lowest content of alcohol by volume (6.17% and 5.12%) in both batch series of beer and the highest real extract in the first batch series (4.11%). The samples of beer from the Stupicky Starocesky variety had low real extract (3.57% and 3.60%) and high content of alcohol by volume in both batch series (6.34% and 5.96%). In terms of sensory analysis it means that beers brewed from the malt made from the older barley varieties – Chlumecky and Stupicky Starocesky with addition of 0.5 g.L-1 of valerian had the highest overall impression.
Anxiety, Depression, and Comorbid Symptomatology: Different Forms and Severity of Intimate Partner Violence Perpetrated by Men Seeking Help
Authors: Claing Aurélie , Dugal Caroline , Brassard Audrey , Lafontaine Marie-France , Savard Claudia , Godbout Natacha
Published: June 2024

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious public health issue associated with numerous deleterious outcomes. Previous studies highlighted the relevance of documenting psychological predictors of IPV to identify prevention strategies. This study examined the links between anxious and depressive symptomatology and perpetrated physical, psychological, and sexual violence among 494 French–Canadian men seeking help for IPV-related difficulties. Differences in the frequency of perpetrated IPV were examined across four groups: (a) no anxious or depressive symptoms reaching a cutoff of high distress, (b) symptoms of anxiety, (c) symptoms of depression, and (d) comorbid symptoms. Results highlighted that men with comorbid symptoms perpetrated significantly more severe violent acts compared to the other groups. This study underscores the importance of targeting the reduction of psychological distress when treating men who perpetrated IPV.
Análisis multitemporal del cambio de uso de suelo en el municipio de Linares, Nuevo León
Authors: Hernández- Cavazos María Cecilia , Sandoval-García Rufino , Molina-Guerra Víctor M. , Alanís-Rodríguez Eduardo
Published: June 2024

The aim of this research was to perform a multi-temporal analysis of land use change and vegetation cover in Linares, Nuevo León, México, at five different time periods: 1995-2008, 2008-2014, 2014-2021 and 1995-2021. For the analysis, a supervised classification of orthophotos and high-resolution satellite images GeoEye-1 and Birdseye was performed. The accuracy of the image classification presented average values of Kappa index of 0.76, considered within a substantial level of accuracy. With the data obtained, the annual deforestation rate was calculated using the equation proposed by Puyravaud. The results indicate that in a period of 26 years the municipality lost 61.77% of its oak-pine, pine-oak and oak forests, showing annual deforestation rates of -5.82%, -3.31% and -3.06% respectively; Likewise, 27.58% of submontane scrubland and 4.8% of rosetophilous desert scrubland were lost, with annual deforestation rates of -1.24 and -0.19%, respectively. Unlike the low deciduous spiny forest and the grassland, which showed an increase in plant cover of 310.58 and 18.09%, with annual exchange rates of 5.43 and 0.64%, respectively. These changes in land cover and use can affect global atmospheric and climate processes, so this study aims to serve as a reference for the design of public policies and programs for conservation and sustainable management of natural resources.
Efecto bioestimulante de nanoquitosán-yodo en el crecimiento y vigor de plantas de tomate
Authors: Rivera-Solís Luz Leticia , Ortega-Ortiz Hortensia , Benavides-Mendoza Adalberto , Flores-López María Liliana , Robledo-Olivo Armando , González-Morales Susana
Published: June 2024

El uso de bioestimulantes es una alternativa en la producción de plantas que permite aumentar el crecimiento y vigor. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar la aplicación de complejos de nanoquitosán-yodo (NPsCs-I) en el crecimiento y desarrollo de plantas de tomate. La aplicación de los tratamientos fue de forma foliar cada 15 días. Se evaluaron variables de crecimiento, vigor y rendimiento en las plantas. Los resultados muestran que solamente para el diámetro de tallo se presentaron diferencias significativas con respecto al testigo absoluto (T0); aumentando al aplicar NPsCs-KIO3 25 mg L-1 un 29% a los 20 ddt, NPsCs-KIO3 5 mg L-1 en 19% a los 60 ddt y con NPsCs en 27% a los 120 ddt con respecto al T0. El aumento del diámetro de tallo está asociado a un mayor vigor en las plantas, lo que se traduce a un efecto bioestimulante en las plantas de tomate.
Growth and yield of tropical maize landraces and commercial genotypes in Yucatan, Mexico
Authors: Da Conceicao-dos Santos Luis Filipe , Ruíz-Sánchez Esaú , Garruña-Hernández René , Andueza-Noh Rubén Humberto
Published: June 2024

The state of Yucatan, known for its shallow Leptosol soils poses challenges to agriculture. Therefore, this study focused on examining ecophysiological attributes influencing the growth and yield determinants of six maize genotypes. The study assessed vegetative characteristics, growth rates, dry matter allocation, grain yield, and harvest index. All maize genotypes exhibited early maturity, a favorable trait under the climate conditions of Yucatan. Most genotypes exhibited superior growth rate and dry matter content when compared to the landrace Elotillo. Stem and grain were identified as the primary organs for dry matter accumulation, with 36% and 22% respectively. The highest grain yield was noted in hybrids Impacto and DK-390. This study provided valuable information for farmers in selecting suitable maize genotypes in Yucatan, although additional evaluations of different genotypes and management conditions are recommended.
Diversidad, composición y estructura de especies leñosas de la selva baja caducifolia en Lerma, Campeche
Authors: Zamora-Crescencio Pedro , Aragón-Gastélum José Luis , Vargas Contreras Jorge Albino , Barrientos-Medina Roberto Carlos , Aguirre-Crespo Francisco Javier , Gutiérrez-Báez Celso , Plasencia-Vázquez Alexis Herminio
Published: June 2024

The objective of this study was to describe the diversity, composition, and structure of the woody vegetation in a section of LDF in Lerma, Campeche. Between August and September 2018, 10 plots of 10 × 10 m2 (1 000 m2 in total) were delimited, measuring all woody individuals with diameter at breast height (DBH = 1.30 cm). The structure of the site was described based on the relative values of density, frequency, and dominance (IVI), as well as the distribution of diameter classes. Diversity was estimated with the Shannon-Wiener index (H'), while equity was measured by the Pielou index. 40 woody species were recorded, belonging to 35 genera and 19 families. The H' index had a value of 2.92, and the Pielou index was 0.79, the density was 8 950 ind ha-1. Gymnopodium floribundum (204 individuals) and Lonchocarpus xuul (129) were the most abundant species. Bursera simaruba and Lysiloma latisiliquum showed higher diameter values (36 and 28.6 cm DBH, respectively). The families Rubiaceae (eight species), Fabaceae (five species), Ebenaceae and Polygonaceae (three species each) were the most representative. The species with the highest IVI were Gymnopodium floribundum (48.24%), Lonchocarpus xuul (29.12%), Bursera simaruba (26.11%) and Lysiloma latisiliquum (24.98%), these species being the most important in the structure of the LDF in the site. The distribution of the diameter classes suggests that the section of the LDF in Lerma Campeche is in an adequate state of regeneration.
Implicaciones de la alimentación continua sobre la demanda de oxígeno en un pez agástrico con intestino corto (Teleostei: Atherinopsidae)
Authors: Fonseca-Madrigal Jorge , Martínez-Chávez C. Cristian , Ríos-Durán María Gisela , Navarrete-Ramírez Pamela , Mariño-Reyes Laura , Martínez Palacios Carlos
Published: June 2024

Continuous illumination and increased feeding periods have enhanced growth in commercial fish species. However, oxygen consumption under these conditions has yet to be previously assessed in agastric short-intestine fish. This study evaluated Chirostoma estor (Atherinopsidae) oxygen consumption under three specific feeding and light regimes: resting-unfed, routine-fed, and continuous light/feeding. Fish in the continuous light/feeding condition presented oxygen consumption levels 60 and 20% higher than resting-unfed and routine-fed fish, respectively. The latter implies that constant high oxygen supply levels are required to satisfy the demand for C. estor raised under these high growth rate conditions. The present study shows the relevance of determining oxygen consumption levels during continuous illumination and extended feeding periods to consider optimal oxygen levels required to achieve better performance indicators, such as the growth and welfare of atherinopsids and species with similar digestive configurations.
Gradiente de humedad en el comportamiento agronómico del centeno cultivado en ambiente de zonas áridas
Authors: García-Hernández José Luis , Sosa-Yañez Lorena Carolina , López-Ahumada Guadalupe Amanda
Published: June 2024

In areas with arid and semi-arid climates, the availability and quality of water are critical factors for the development of agronomy. To face the challenge, an alternative for the use of this resource is the implementation of efficient and sustainable techniques such as the use of drip irrigation. The objective of the work was to analyze the agronomic behavior of rye under unfavorable water and temperature conditions to determine the effectiveness of phenotypic stability on La Costa de Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. Two rye genotypes were planted under a split plot experimental design (large plot: three water levels and small plot: two genotypes of seeds obtained in different cycles). The agronomic characteristics of the plant, the physicochemical characteristics of the grain were evaluated; and the significance between the different variables was determined with a correlation analysis. The analysis of variance revealed effects on plant height, number of spikes and grains, grain size, thousand grain weight, yield and protein content of rye due to the different water regimes used. Between 219-314 spikes per linear meter were obtained, with a commercially acceptable grain size (7.45-7.95 mm long x 2.18-2.40 mm wide). High yield values (1.72-3.11 t ha-1) were also observed, as well as excellent protein content (20.3-22.8%). These results demonstrate that rye is a versatile cereal that adapts to adverse environmental conditions such as a decrease in the amount of irrigation water and extremely high temperatures.
The Low Likelihood of ISIS Resurgence in Iraq
Authors: Palani Kamaran
Published: June 2024

ISIS was militarily defeated and lost territorial control in Iraq over six years ago. Since then, the group has struggled to mobilise support and restore its influence. This Policy Brief examines the contextual shifts in Iraq since 2017 that have hindered ISIS’s ability to radicalise and recruit, addressing the critical question: why is a resurgence of ISIS in Iraq unlikely? Drawing on field observations and previous research, this Policy Brief carefully argues that the decreasing prevalence of sectarian grievances, particularly among Iraqi youth, diminishes the potential for community support for ISIS and other forms of violent extremism compared to the post-2003 period. To substantiate this argument, the Brief analyses the decline of sectarian demands that once contributed to the emergence of violent extremist groups in Iraq. It also revisits the primary drivers of radicalisation in the pre-2014 period that facilitated ISIS’s rise and explores how post- Caliphate developments, including demographic changes, have altered people’s needs and concerns, diverging from the narratives ISIS previously used to attract recruits.
Book Review Recovering Australian Threatened Species: A Book of Hope
Authors:   Parks Victoria, Melbourne, Antos Mark
Published: June 2024

n/a
Metals for the Energy Transition: Exploring Opportunities Amidst Supply-Demand Imbalance
Authors: De Donno M. G.
Published: June 2024

The demand for ‘energy transition’ metals is expected to surge in the coming years. Despite increasing investments in mining, there remains an inadequacy in meeting the supply-demand equilibrium. Several factors contribute to this phenomenon; for instance, mining ventures entail substantial capital investments, protracted lead times, and arduous permit acquisition processes. Furthermore, over the past decade, mining enterprises have focused on restoring their financial standings amidst low commodity prices, resulting in a prevailing sense of caution in decision-making throughout the remainder of the decade. Therefore, the sector is opening up new opportunities for fresh investors, innovative business models, and emerging players in anticipation of the forthcoming super-cycle. The energy transition brings with it unique challenges and opportunities. Projections indicate a rise in raw material prices, an abundance of potential projects globally, and a rapid growth in the demand for metals coupled with government backing to address energy security concerns. However, as long as investor confidence remains subdued, costs stay high, and the permitting process progresses slowly; it is difficult for mining companies to initiate further investments.

This article delves into the role of metals and minerals in the energy transition, highlighting the material-intensive nature of the net-zero economy. It elucidates, drawing from a cash flow analysis spanning the past two decades, the persisting reluctance of mining companies to invest and the resultant potential threats to supply-demand dynamics. Moreover, it examines the emergence of new entrants in the mining industry, such as EV manufacturers, driven by the necessity to secure their supply chains. Other potential entrants, driven by other motivations, include oil and gas companies. Indeed, oil and gas (O&G) companies seek diversification from their core business. The challenges associated with entering the mining industry stem from the limited synergies between the sectors, divergent stakeholders, and the trend of numerous oil majors diversifying into new energy sectors, culminating in a progressively intricate array of business models. However, integrating the two would establish a ‘natural resources entity’ able to facilitate investments in metals crucial for accelerating the transition.
Evolution of a Digital Twin for Underground Gas Storage Wells: Thermal Effects of Tubing Gas Flow on Annulus Pressure in Transient Conditions
Authors: Busollo C. , Abdo E. , Kattar M. , Mauro S. , Troise M. , Salamina L.
Published: June 2024

Underground Gas Storage (UGS) wells are essential assets in the energy security and sufficiency strategy of any nation. UGS wells present a complex set of equipment that are carefully fit together to create the functioning well envelope responsible for maintaining the well within its working limits. The set of equipment forming the well envelope are referred to as well barriers and it is essential to maintain them in an integral and functioning status.

The ongoing advancement in technology, computer science and in remote monitoring has enhanced the efficiency of oil and gas production and the maintenance of new and old assets [1] [2]. Continuous and real time analysis of well barrier status allows to capture the smallest details in the functioning of the well barrier as well as timely intervention, if necessary. [3] introduces a modern integrated logging suite used for the identification of possible leaks in the casing or in other elements of UGS wells.

Digital Twins have led the way in this regard allowing operators to drill and operate the well virtually alongside the real operation. Well interventions, planned to restore the integrity of a well barrier, can be implemented virtually first, and the results of the intervention can be evaluated. This helps save time and cost. Digital Twins simplify the management of UGS wells since their performances are easily monitored, allowing management levels of oil companies to manage many wells efficiently [4]. In [5] the development of an assisting production decision technology based on DT technologies is shown; the model is divided in different layers that concern data, model, simulation, logics, and result visualization. In [6] the description of the digital twin of wellbore, used to monitor in real-time more than 230 production and injection wells. The reliability of the Digital Twins allowed the use of the model as digital instrumentation during operations performed on wellbores that do not have sensors. An operator in [7], instead, presents the digital twin of the production phase of a deep-water wellbore on the Brazilian coast, and the successful results of a real-time case study.
Asset Re-Purposing Feasibility for Geothermal Energy Production in Ukraine
Authors: Nye R. , Schiuma A. D. , Yan M. , Mejia C. , Popadynets T. , Demchuk Y. , Iuras S.
Published: June 2024

According to the new energy strategy in Ukraine, the production of electricity from alternative sources should increase to 25-30% till 2030 and geothermal energy should make up 2% of the total energy supply. The expected installed capacity of geothermal energy for heating & cooling and electricity generation in 2030 is 50 ktoe (or 11630 MWh) and 20 MW accordingly. This project introduces an innovative use of technology and a novel business model for clean power generation through a collaboration between Ukraine, the US and the UK. The project is to screen and evaluate abandoned deep Oil & Gas and hydrothermal wells for repurposing to geothermal wells for power generation and/or heat production. This contributes to the energy demand of Ukrainians and to overcome the energy crisis. The project aimed to support Ukraine to build a new energy model for post-war Ukraine, accelerate decarbonization, and promote early-stage development, strategy planning, capacity building, networking and awareness of geothermal energy applications.

The project evaluates untapped geothermal potential from existing wells in the highly promising western part of Ukraine. An innovative, integrated cloud-based workflow, tailored to Ukraine, aimed at evaluating the cost-effectiveness of adopting geothermal production in low to medium enthalpy systems by repurposing the wells, has been implemented. The workflow introduces an automated and intrinsically secure decision-making process to convert mature wells into geothermal wells, enabling both operational and financial assessment of the conversion process.

Tailoring the geothermal solution to Ukraine has involved considering its unique geographical, economic, and political factors. Priorities included increasing energy efficiency, diversifying energy sources, and promoting renewable energy.

The results of this feasibility study will now assist operating companies explore Ukraine for geothermal heat and power generation, in particular when doing a full ESG and cost-based analysis. While the results and potential show a promising outcome, potential challenges such as well integrity are still to be investigated further. Local energy companies in the west of Ukraine, who are looking to stabilize the grid - will be the off-takers of such a development in the future.

The proposed workflow focuses on the reliability and transparency of fully automated technical processes for the geological, hydrodynamic, and mechanical configuration of the production system to ensure the financial success of the conversion projects, in terms of heat production potential and cost of development. The components are evaluated using artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms that reduce bias in the decision-making process and incorporate a blockchain framework to ensure transparency of technical-related processes and tasks, driving the financial success of the conversion project.
The Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to Decrease Carbon Footprint in Perforated Holes in Different Permeability
Authors: Kon T. E.
Published: June 2024

This study utilizes Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), implemented through ANSYS-Fluent, to address the environmental impact of oil and gas extraction by optimizing methane gas extraction efficiencies in Cased-Hole Gravel Pack (CHGP) completions. By focusing on the perforation configurations in various permeability layers, this research aims to reduce the carbon footprint associated with drilling operations significantly.

The research commenced with the creation of detailed 3D CAD models and simulation setups, referencing formations from the Sakarya Gas Project. The models were developed to mirror real-world geological conditions accurately, enhancing the relevance and applicability of the findings. These simulations were designed to explore the efficiency of perforated holes within three distinct permeability layers, looking specifically at how the physical structure and placement of these perforations can impact methane gas extraction rates. The study's methodology involved comparative analyses of the efficiencies of perforations intersecting with formation layers versus those that do not intersect. Using the Production Logging Tool (PLT) as a baseline for comparison, the simulations demonstrated that intersecting perforations yield flow rates approximately 1.5 times greater than non-intersecting perforations. This finding underscores the critical importance of targeted perforation placement in optimizing resource extraction and minimizing environmental impact.

Further, the research highlighted the limitations of traditional PLT measurements, which often lack the depth-specific accuracy needed for modern environmental and efficiency standards. By providing a more granular and accurate measurement of flow rates and efficiencies at the perforation level, the study advocates for a shift towards more sophisticated subsurface modeling techniques in the industry.

One of the key operational outcomes of this study was a significant reduction in simulation time—by 40%—achieved through refined meshing strategies. This not only suggests a direct path to cost savings in operational budgets but also aligns with broader industry trends towards reducing carbon footprint and enhancing environmental sustainability. The study sets a new benchmark for future drilling operations. It encourages a continued focus on innovation and sustainability, aiming to reconcile the often-conflicting demands of resource extraction and environmental stewardship.
Optimizing Injection-Production Allocation in Geothermal Systems Using Advanced Look-Ahead Reservoir Models
Authors: Cancelliere M. A.
Published: June 2024

This paper introduces a novel approach to optimize the allocation of injection and production wells in geothermal systems, based on the Look-Ahead Models (LAMs) framework that was originally designed for hydrocarbon reservoir optimization using numerical simulation. The goal is to improve energy extraction efficiency and to extend the sustainable operation of geothermal reservoirs while minimizing computational cost. The approach consists of using reduced order (proxy) models to gather information about future performance and feed it into the high-fidelity model (HFM). This way, only one detailed simulation is required to globally maximize enthalpy extraction and thermal efficiency over time.

LAMs are advanced predictive tools that integrate future predictions of well performance and reservoir behavior into a fine scale full-field reservoir models using subrogate models. Adapting these models to geothermal systems, requires accounting for the specific heat and mass transfer dynamics, including factors like thermal breakthrough and reinjection effects. This adaptation involves modifying existing LAM frameworks to accurately represent the complex interactions in geothermal reservoirs particularly in terms of Temperature response at production wells.

Simulation results using this adapted LAM approach on a theoretical geothermal reservoir exhibit marked improvements in both energy extraction efficiency and reservoir longevity, delaying thermal breakthrough by 5 years. The method shows potential in reducing operational costs and enhancing the predictability of reservoir behavior, which is critical for long-term sustainability.

Using LAMs enables quasi-global optimization while keeping computational cost to a minimum. Because the LAM models are used as guides, the algorithm itself is extremely robust and can be integrated into our existing in-house reservoir simulator with minimum disruption.
A Study on the Impact of Carbon Liability on the Economic Benefits of the LNG Value Chain: A New Perspective from the Carbon Emission Accounting Model
Authors: Zhu Yimeng , Ma Xinhua , Liang Tao , Liu Yanlu , Guo Xiaofei , Yi Jiexin
Published: June 2024

Under the global drive for net-zero emission targets, the importance of natural gas is further highlighted. Due to its lower absolute emissions, natural gas is seen as an ideal bridge in the transition to a future powered by renewable energy. The development of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) from extraction, liquefaction, transportation, to regasification, produces carbon emissions at every stage. The carbon emissions at each stage have a profound impact on the carbon footprint of LNG projects. Understanding and scientifically quantifying the carbon emissions at each stage are not only key steps in optimizing the energy structure but also crucial to achieving the goal of global net-zero emissions. Only through a refined carbon emission accounting model, which studies the impact of carbon emission costs on the economics of the LNG supply chain, can we provide ideas for optimizing the benefits of LNG projects and formulating emission reduction strategies.

Using an A LNG development project as a case study, we selected the upstream and midstream industries of its supply chain as research targets, set the carbon emission boundary, and sorted out the carbon emission sources at different stages. We analyzed and studied the carbon emissions during the drilling, production, gathering and transportation, and liquefaction stages of coalbed methane development process, thereby establishing a carbon emission accounting model.

According to the above accounting model, emission factors were determined, the carbon emissions during the development process were calculated, and based on the understanding of the future carbon market, carbon prices were predicted. Finally, the carbon cost calculation module was embedded in the economic evaluation model to study the impact of carbon emissions on economic benefits.

A sensitivity analysis was conducted on various factors including Capex, Opex, Oil Price, Production, Carbon price, and Carbon emission factor in the economic evaluation. We found that carbon pricing had a larger impact on the project's life-cycle IRR than the carbon emission factor. By performing a breakeven analysis on carbon liability, we calculated the breakeven carbon price for carbon liability.

For each stage of the upstream and midstream of the LNG project supply chain, a carbon emission accounting model was established and embedded in the economic evaluation model.
Innovations in Oil and Gas Wells Cleanout Operations Involving Radioactive Waste Handling
Authors: Al-Mulhim Bassam K. , Lopez J. Carmona , Alqahtani Abdulaziz , Kharrat W. , Al-Turaki H.
Published: June 2024

Objectives/Scope

Well-cleanout operations, particularly in the presence of radioactive traces or minerals, pose significant safety risks. This paper aims to provide practical solutions by addressing the system design and processes that can effectively be deployed for any well with radioactive material. It also outlines the optimum procedures for handling radioactive material from the surface to safe disposal, offering a comprehensive guide for industry professionals.

Methods, Procedures, Processes

This paper introduces a novel approach using a live Coiled Tubing (CT) bottom-hole assembly (BHA) to successfully complete the well cleanout process. This unique method is designed to minimize human contact with the cleaned-out material at the surface, thereby preventing potential exposure to radioactive emissions. The paper details the design, administrative measures, and the closed-loop equipment and system required to conduct the well cleanout with radioactive materials, offering a novel and effective solution to a complex problem.

Results, Observations, Conclusions

This innovative well cleanout approach improves the overall coiled tubing cleanout, considering any dangerous risk associated with recovering radioactive material. The paper provides a comprehensive guide on how the different testing equipment and the coiled tubing in the hole would affect the efficiency of the radioactive material handling. Additionally, the paper discusses the limitations of such a system and highlights several observations that can be beneficial for enhancing the service quality and safety of the system, including having a real-time downhole telemetry BHA. The system can restore well productivity and filter 100% of the solids, resulting in solid-free flow at the surface. The system can also be tailored to ensure full compliance with any regulator's health, safety, and environmental policies. It can be designed to handle both sour or sweet wellbore environments

Novel/Additive Information

This paper will provide guidelines for an innovative approach to cleaning out wellbore waste containing radioactive materials. It details the downhole configuration and surface setup tailored to handle radioactive waste.
Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses Type 7 (CLN7)- A Case Series Reporting Cross Sectional and Retrospective Clinical Data to Evaluate Validity of Standardized Tools to Assess Disease Progression, Quality of Life, and Adaptive Skills
Authors: Kayani Saima , Edgar Veronica Bordes , Lowden Andrea , Nettesheim Emily R , Dahshi Hamza , Messahel Souad , Minassian Berge A , Greenberg Benjamin M
Published: June 2024

Background
This study evaluated the clinical characteristics of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 7 or CLN7 disease spectrum to characterize the clinical, electrophysiologic and neuroimaging phenotypes.
Methods
We performed a single-center cross sectional data collection along with retrospective medical chart review in patients with a genetic diagnosis of CLN7. This study received ethical approval by the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Institutional Review Board. A total of 8 patients were included between the ages of 4 to 6 years. All patients had a genetic diagnosis of CLN7 with homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the MFSD8 gene. The information collected includes patient demographics, developmental history, neurological events including seizures and neurodevelopmental regression along with further evaluation of brain magnetic resonance imaging and electrophysiological findings. The clinical phenotype is described through cross sectional and retrospective data collection and standardized tools assessing quality of life and functional skills.
Conclusions
Our findings in this cohort of CLN7 patients indicated that development is initially normal with onset of clinical symptoms as early as two years of age. Language problems were noted prior to or at the onset of seizures in all cases. Gait problems were noted prior to seizure onset in 3 of 8 patients, and at or within 6 months after the onset of seizures in 5 of 8 patients. All patients followed a progressive course of language, motor, and neurocognitive deterioration. Congruent with the medical history, our patients had significantly low scores on adaptive abilities. Natural history data such as this can be used to support future clinical trial designs.
Not taught in medical school but needed for the clinical job – leadership, communication and career management skills for final year medical students
Authors: Behling Felix , Adib Sasan Darius , Haas Patrick , Becker Hannes , Oberle Linda , Weinbrenner Eliane , Nasi-Kordhishti Isabella , Roder Constantin , Griewatz Jan , Tatagiba Marcos
Published: June 2024

Background:
Starting the first job as a young physician is a demanding challenge. Certain skills are important to master this transformation that go beyond the theoretical knowledge and practical skills taught in medical school. Competencies such as communication, leadership and career management skills are important to develop as a young physician but are usually not sufficiently taught in medical school in a structured and comprehensive way.
Methods:
We performed an online survey among final year medical students regarding how they perceive their current competency level in communication, leadership and career management skills. We also assessed how they rate the importance to acquire these competencies and the current emphasis during their medical school education regarding these topics.
Results:
Of 450 final year medical students 80 took part in the voluntary survey and 75 complete datasets were returned (16.7%). The majority of respondents rated different communication skills, leadership skills and career management skills as important or very important for their later clinical work. However, most students felt to be poorly or very poorly prepared by the current medical school curriculum, especially for certain leadership and career management skills. Overall, 90.7% of participants expressed interest in an additional educational course that covers subjects of communication, leadership and career management skills during the later stage of medical school, preferably as a hybrid in-person session that also offers synchronous online participation.
Conclusions:
Final year medical students in Germany express the need to address communication, leadership and career management skills in the medical curriculum to be better prepared for the demands of residency and their further course as physicians.
The impact of uterine position on conception modes and perinatal outcomes in nulliparous patients.
Authors: Bachar Gal , Justman Naphtali , Farago Naama , Lieberman Shira , David Chen Ben , Fainaru Ofer , Khatib Nizar , Beloosesky Ron , Vitner Dana , Weiner Zeev , Zipori Yaniv
Published: June 2024

Purpose
Retroverted uterus affects 15–20% of patients. While typically not a cause for concern, some studies suggest a relationship between a retroverted uterus and subfertility. Study objective was to investigate the association between uterine position and spontaneous conception rates, as well as potential risks for adverse pregnancy outcomes in nulliparous patients.
Methods
We analyzed data from a retrospective cohort study of 621 nulliparous patients with confirmed pregnancies who received prenatal care at a large medical center between 2006 and 2022. Ultrasound exams documented their uterine position at the beginning of pregnancy. Women were categorized into two groups according to their uterine position. We compared the groups regarding mode of conception (spontaneous/ IVF), pregnancy complications, and vaginal delivery outcomes.
Results
Compared to patients with anteverted uteri, those with retroverted uteri had a significantly higher rate of conception through IVF (12.3% vs. 6.8%, p = 0.022). IVF indications were similar between groups (p = 0.961). Pregnancy complications, including pre-labor rupture of membranes, miscarriages, and preterm delivery < 37 and < 32 weeks’, were similar. Breech presentation at delivery was comparable between cohorts (~ 6%, p = 0.576). Among patients attempting vaginal delivery (n = 539), cesarean delivery rates were comparable (18.2% anteverted vs. 23.1% retroverted, p = 0.249). No significant differences were observed in other maternal or neonatal outcomes between the groups.
Conclusion
This study contributes valuable insights into the potential influence of uterine position on pregnancy. While a retroverted uterus does not seem to be a significant risk factor for adverse outcomes, the observed trend regarding its association with IVF pregnancies necessitates further investigation.