bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Robust feature screening for multi-response trans-elliptical regression model with ultrahigh-dimensional covariates
Authors: He Yong , Sun Hao , Ji Jiadong , Zhang Xinsheng
Published: September 2019

In this paper, we innovatively propose an extremely flexible semi-parametric regression model called Multi-response Trans-Elliptical Regression (MTER) Model, which can capture the heavy-tail characteristic and tail dependence of both responses and covariates. We investigate the feature screening procedure for the MTER model, in which Kendall’ tau-based canonical correlation estimators are proposed to characterize the correlation between each transformed predictor and the multivariate transformed responses. The main idea is to substitute the classical canonical correlation ranking index in [X. B. Kong, Z. Liu, Y. Yao and W. Zhou, Sure screening by ranking the canonical correlations, TEST 26 (2017) 1–25] by a carefully constructed non-parametric version. The sure screening property and ranking consistency property are established for the proposed procedure. Simulation results show that the proposed method is much more powerful to distinguish the informative features from the unimportant ones than some state-of-the-art competitors, especially for heavy-tailed distributions and high-dimensional response. At last, a real data example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed procedure.
The nature and significance of sand intrusions in a hydrocarbon-rich fold and thrust belt: Eastern Carpathians Bend Zone, Romania
Authors: Tamas Alexandra , Tamas Dan Mircea , Krezsek Csaba , Schleder Zsolt , Palladino Giuseppe , Bercea Razvan
Published: September 2019

Sand intrusions are commonly associated with hydrocarbon-bearing clastic reservoirs and they can host a significant part of the reserves. They modify the depositional sandbody architecture, and can have an impact on the petroleum system elements. Their significance and complex architecture is difficult to assess in the subsurface due to limited resolution of seismic or core data. Outcrop analogues are key to better understand these complex reservoirs.

In the Eastern Carpathians Bend Zone, the Oligocene and lower Miocene succession offer spectacular exposures of deep-water siliciclastic rocks modified by remobilization and sand-intrusion processes. These rocks are also present in producing fields in this area.

Sills can be as thick as the depositional sandstones (
c.
4 m), and sill-dominated outcrops can provide a net:gross (net sandstone to shale ratio) of about 35–50%. We quantified their architecture, in a study of the timing and mechanism of emplacement, their relationship to regional tectonics and their impact on reservoir connectivity. The intrusions are interpreted to be syn-tectonic, related to the major mid-Miocene compression in this part of the Carpathian Mountain Belt.

The intrusions lead to a large increase in vertical and horizontal connectivity. Our results will help to improve reservoir characterization and production in these reservoirs.
Superconducting Hydrides Under Pressure
Authors: Pickard Chris J. , Errea Ion , Eremets Mikhail I.
Published: September 2019

The measurement of superconductivity at above 200 K in compressed samples of hydrogen sulfide and in lanthanum hydride at 250 K is reinvigorating the search for conventional high temperature superconductors. At the same time, it exposes a fascinating interplay between theory, computation, and experiment. Conventional superconductivity is well understood, and theoretical tools are available for accurate predictions of the superconducting critical temperature. These predictions depend on knowing the microscopic structure of the material under consideration, which can now be provided by computational first-principles structure predictions. The experiments at the megabar pressures required are extremely challenging, but, for some groups at least, permit the experimental exploration of materials space. We discuss the prospects for the search for new superconductors, ideally at lower pressures.
A Secure and Reliable Method to Protect USB Data
Authors: Sebastian Alycia , Sankar K. Siva
Published: September 2019

With technology advancement people have started using different type of memory devices for storing data and keeping it secure has become concern in today’s world. Universal Serial Bus (USB) flash drives are leading portable storage device for storage and easy transfer of data from one computer to another. The usage of USB has grown exponentially and without security the data on the disk is at risk. Nowadays USB manufacturers offer password protection and fingerprint authentication to secure the USB data. In this paper, USB is devised as a highly secured portable boot medium with fingerprint authentication to secure the data.
Slow Endogenous Fluctuations in Cortical fMRI Signals Correlate with Reduced Performance in a Visual Detection Task and Are Suppressed by Spatial Attention
Authors: Bressler David W. , Rokem Ariel , Silver Michael A.
Published: September 2019

Spatial attention improves performance on visual tasks, increases neural responses to attended stimuli, and reduces correlated noise in visual cortical neurons. In addition to being visually responsive, many retinotopic visual cortical areas exhibit very slow (<0.1 Hz) endogenous fluctuations in functional magnetic resonance imaging signals. To test whether these fluctuations degrade stimulus representations, thereby impairing visual detection, we recorded functional magnetic resonance imaging responses while human participants performed a target detection task that required them to allocate spatial attention to either a rotating wedge stimulus or a central fixation point. We then measured the effects of spatial attention on response amplitude at the frequency of wedge rotation and on the amplitude of endogenous fluctuations at nonstimulus frequencies. We found that, in addition to enhancing stimulus-evoked responses, attending to the wedge also suppressed slow endogenous fluctuations that were unrelated to the visual stimulus in topographically defined areas in early visual cortex, posterior parietal cortex, and lateral occipital cortex, but not in a nonvisual cortical control region. Moreover, attentional enhancement of response amplitude and suppression of endogenous fluctuations were dissociable across cortical areas and across time. Finally, we found that the amplitude of the stimulus-evoked response was not correlated with a perceptual measure of visual target detection. Instead, perceptual performance was accounted for by the amount of suppression of slow endogenous fluctuations. Our results indicate that the amplitude of slow fluctuations of cortical activity is influenced by spatial attention and suggest that these endogenous fluctuations may impair perceptual processing in topographically organized visual cortical areas.
Significant genetic differences among Heterodera schachtii populations within and among sugar beet production areas
Authors: Nuaima Rasha Haj , Roeb Johannes , Hallmann Johannes , Daub Matthias , Heuer Holger
Published: September 2019

Characterising the non-neutral genetic variation within and among populations of plant-parasitic nematodes is essential to determine factors shaping the population genetic structure. This study describes the genetic variation of the parasitism gene vap1 within and among geographic populations of the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii. Forty populations of H. schachtii were sampled at four spatial scales: 695 km, 49 km, 3.1 km and 0.24 km. DGGE fingerprinting showed significant differences in vap1 patterns among populations. High similarity of vap1 patterns appeared between geographically close populations, and occasionally among distant populations. Analysis of spatially sampled populations within fields revealed an effect of tillage direction on the vap1 similarity for two of four studied fields. Overall, geographic distance and similarity of vap1 patterns of H. schachtii populations were negatively correlated. In conclusion, the population genetic structure was shaped by the interplay between the genetic adaptation and the passive transport of this nematode.
Size–Distance Scaling With Absolute and Relative Auditory Distance Information
Authors: Yamasaki Daiki , Ashida Hiroshi
Published: September 2019

In the dynamic 3D space, it is critical for survival to perceive size of an object and rescale it with distance from an observer. Humans can perceive distance via not only vision but also audition, which plays an important role in the localization of objects, especially in visually ambiguous environments. However, whether and how auditory distance information contributes to visual size perception is not well understood. To address this issue, we investigated the efficiency of size–distance scaling by using auditory distance information that was conveyed by binaurally recorded auditory stimuli. We examined the effects of absolute distance information of a single sound sequence (Experiment 1) and relative distance information between two sound sequences (Experiment 2) on visual size estimation performances in darkened and well-lit environments. We demonstrated that humans could perform size–distance disambiguation by using auditory distance information even in darkness. Curiously, relative distance information was more efficient in size–distance scaling than absolute distance information, suggesting a high reliance on relative auditory distance information in our visual spatial experiences. The results highlight a benefit of audiovisual interaction for size–distance processing and calibration of external events under visually degraded situations.
New and little-known crickets from Southern Guangxi, China (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Gryllidae: Phalangopsidae; Trigonidiidae)
Authors: ZHANG LING , SHEN CHU-ZE , TIAN DI , LIU YUN-FEI , LI KAI , HE ZHU-QING
Published: September 2019

The crickets from Southern Guangxi, China have been investigated from 2017–2019. Teleogryllus (Brachyteleogryllus) commodus and Lissotrachelus ferrugineonotatus are first reported from Guangxi. Two new species, Polionemobius marblus He sp. nov. and Ornebius panda He sp. nov., are described along with their calling songs. The COI genes of above species and Cacoplistes brevisparamerus, Gorochovius trinervus are provided. The type specimens are deposited in Museum of Biology, East China Normal University (ECNU).
Description of a new species of Willemia (Collembola: Hypogastruridae) from Panama with key to Willemia species occurring in the Americas
Authors: GARCÍA-GÓMEZ ARTURO , PALACIOS-VARGAS JOSÉ G.
Published: September 2019

Willemia panamaensis sp. nov. from Panama is described and illustrated. It is characterised by the presence of sensilla I (S2) and i1 (S9) on antennal segment IV, nine vesicles in the postantennal organ, and having dorsal setae and sensilla on abdominal segments V and VI twice as long than on segments I and II. A dichotomous key to species recorded from the Americas is provided. Reference is given to the DNA barcoding sequences of the new species.
A review of the antimicrobial side of antidepressants and its putative implications on the gut microbiome
Authors: McGovern Abigail S , Hamlin Adam S , Winter Gal
Published: September 2019

Objective:

Serotonin reuptake inhibitors are the predominant treatment for major depressive disorder. In recent years, the diversity of the gut microbiota has emerged to play a significant role in the occurrence of major depressive disorder and other mood and anxiety disorders. Importantly, the role of the gut microbiota in the treatment of such disorders remains to be elucidated. Here, we provide a review of the literature regarding the effects of physiologically relevant concentrations of serotonin reuptake inhibitors on the gut microbiota and the implications this might have on their efficacy in the treatment of mood disorders.

Methods:

First, an estimation of gut serotonin reuptake inhibitor concentrations was computed based on pharmacokinetic and gastrointestinal transit properties of serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Literature regarding the in vivo and in vitro antimicrobial properties of serotonin reuptake inhibitors was gathered, and the estimated gut concentrations were examined in the context of these data. Computer-based investigation revealed putative mechanisms for the antimicrobial effects of serotonin reuptake inhibitors.

Results:

In vivo evidence using animal models shows an antimicrobial effect of serotonin reuptake inhibitors on the gut microbiota. Examination of the estimated physiological concentrations of serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the gastrointestinal tract collected from in vitro studies suggests that the microbial community of both the small intestine and the colon are exposed to serotonin reuptake inhibitors for at least 4 hours per day at concentrations that are likely to exert an antimicrobial effect. The potential mechanisms of the effect of serotonin reuptake inhibitors on the gut microbiota were postulated to include inhibition of efflux pumps and/or amino acid transporters.

Conclusion:

This review raises important issues regarding the role that gut microbiota play in the treatment of mood-related behaviours, which holds substantial potential clinical outcomes for patients suffering from major depressive disorder and other mood-related disorders.
Airport Security Screener Problem-Solving Knowledge and Implications
Authors: Swann Levi , Popovic Vesna , Blackler Alethea , Thompson Helen
Published: September 2019

Objective

This research investigates security screeners’ knowledge and the effect that differences in knowledge have on the performance of problem-solving activities. We argue that the development of problem-solving knowledge enables security screeners to perform effective problem-solving activity, which assists search and decision-making processes.

Background

Airport security screening research has investigated the many variables that affect security screeners’ search and decision making during simulated threat-detection tasks. Although search and decision making are essential aspects of security screening, few studies have investigated the problem-solving knowledge and activities that support security screening task performance.

Method

Sixteen more-experienced and 24 less-experienced security screeners were observed as they performed x-ray screening in the field at an Australian international airport’s departure security checkpoint. Participants wore eye-tracking glasses and delivered concurrent verbal protocol.

Results

When interacting with other security screeners, more-experienced screeners demonstrated situational knowledge more than less-experienced screeners, whereas less-experienced screeners experienced more insufficient knowledge. Lag-sequential analysis using combined data from both screener groups showed that situational knowledge facilitated effective problem-solving activity to support search and decision making. Insufficient knowledge led screeners to seek assistance and defer decision making.

Conclusion

This study expands current understandings of airport security screening. It demonstrates that security screeners develop knowledge that is specific to problem solving. This knowledge assists effective problem-solving activity to support search and decision making, and to mitigate uncertainty during the x-ray screening task.

Application

Findings can inform future security screening processes, screener training, and technology support tools. Furthermore, findings are potentially transferable to other domains.
The Autocratic Ruling Parties Dataset: Origins, Durability, and Death
Authors: Miller Michael K.
Published: September 2019

How do autocratic ruling parties gain power? What predicts their durability and how they fall? This article introduces the Autocratic Ruling Parties Dataset, the first comprehensive data set on the founding origins, modes of gaining and losing power, ruling tenures, and other characteristics of autocratic ruling parties. It covers all ruling parties in the world from 1940 to 2015. Contrary to common assumptions, most ruling parties are not created by sitting dictators, but follow a range of paths to power that influence their style and duration of rule. To illustrate the data’s uses, the article confirms that ruling parties stabilize autocracies. Further, parties’ origins and histories matter, with revolutionary and foreign-imposed parties the most durable and parties empowered through elections the least durable. By recognizing ruling parties’ heterogeneity, histories, and potential autonomy from individual dictators, the data can contribute to open questions on autocratic politics, regime stability, and democratization.
Horizontal and Vertical Transfer of Oral Microbial Dysbiosis and Periodontal Disease
Authors: Payne M.A. , Hashim A. , Alsam A. , Joseph S. , Aduse-Opoku J. , Wade W.G. , Curtis M.A.
Published: September 2019

One of the hallmark features of destructive periodontal disease, well documented over the last 50 y, is a change to the quantitative and qualitative composition of the associated microbiology. These alterations are now generally viewed as transformational shifts of the microbial populations associated with health leading to the emergence of bacterial species, which are only present in low abundance in health and a proportionate decrease in the abundance of others. The role of this dysbiosis of the health associated microbiota in the development of disease remains controversial: is this altered microbiology the driving agent of disease or merely a consequence of the altered environmental conditions that invariably accompany destructive disease? In this work, we aimed to address this controversy through controlled transmission experiments in the mouse in which a dysbiotic oral microbiome was transferred either horizontally or vertically into healthy recipient mice. The results of these murine studies demonstrate conclusively that natural transfer of the dysbiotic oral microbiome from a periodontally diseased individual into a healthy individual will lead to establishment of the dysbiotic community in the recipient and concomitant transmission of the disease phenotype. The inherent resilience of the dysbiotic microbial community structure in diseased animals was further demonstrated by analysis of the effects of antibiotic therapy on periodontally diseased mice. Although antibiotic treatment led to a reversal of dysbiosis of the oral microbiome, in terms of both microbial load and community structure, dysbiosis of the microbiome was reestablished following cessation of therapy. Collectively, these data suggest that an oral dysbiotic microbial community structure is stable to transfer and can act in a similar manner to a conventional transmissible infectious disease agent with concomitant effects on pathology. These findings have implications to our understanding of the role of microbial dysbiosis in the development and progression of human periodontal disease.
The spatial patterns of coaching in England and Wales from 1681 to 1836: A geographic information systems approach
Authors: Rosevear Alan , Bogart Dan , Shaw-Taylor Leigh
Published: September 2019

Passenger coach services grew enormously in England and Wales between 1681 and 1836. This article documents the spatial patterns using data from trade directories, original maps and geographic information systems. Digital mapping illustrates the development of long-distance services from London to various destinations, including resorts, ports, industrial towns and county towns. Mapping also illustrates the development of Country services between provincial towns, especially major hubs like Manchester and Birmingham, and commuter traffic around large conurbations. Overall the maps and figures point to substantial change in destinations and the structure of the coach network. Country coach services increased after the 1790s to complement the London services. By 1835, an extensive, interlinked network of long-stage coaches grew across the country and a radial network of daily-return services grew on roads leading into London. Beyond coaching, our findings illustrate how traditional primary sources can yield new insights when combined with geographic information systems.
Police officers’ definitions and understandings of intimate partner violence in New Brunswick, Canada
Authors: Gill Carmen , Campbell Mary Ann , Ballucci Dale
Published: September 2019

Police agencies have an important role to play in responding to intimate partner violence (IPV) situations. The objective of our study was to examine how police officers define IPV and to circumscribe police officers’ attitudes about the issue. This study examined results from a survey conducted with police officers ( N = 169) in the province of New Brunswick. A major implication of our study points toward education and training as a necessary passage to more efficient intervention as perceptions are not enough to make an informed decision about IPV situations.
Promoting Justice Across Borders
Authors: Rafanelli Lucia M
Published: September 2019

Political theorists have written a great deal about the ethics of “intervention,” defined as states using coercion or force to interfere in foreign societies’ politics. But this work leaves much of global politics un-analyzed—both because non-state actors play an increasingly significant role in it and because its practitioners use many tactics besides force and coercion. We need an ethics of foreign influence to help us navigate the global political arena in all its complexity. Here, I begin to develop a unified theory of the ethics of deliberate attempts to promote justice in foreign societies, whether undertaken by state or non-state actors, and whatever tactics they employ. I identify two important but under-appreciated dimensions along which instances of foreign influence can differ and argue that, once we appreciate the full range of forms foreign influence can take, we’ll see it’s often immune to the common moral objections against intervention.
Dynamics analysis and electromagnetic characteristics calculation of permanent magnet 3-degree-of-freedom motor
Authors: Li Zheng , Liu Lingqi
Published: September 2019

This article proposes a conceptual model of a new type permanent magnet 3-degree-of-freedom motor. Its structure consists of an internal rotation module and a peripheral deflection module. It can be driven independently to achieve high-speed rotation and precise tilting of the motor. The 3-degree-of-freedom movement of the motor in space is achieved by the synchronous operation of the rotation and the deflection. In order to explore the loss problem caused by the temperature rise problem in the actual operation of the motor, the eddy current loss and core loss inside the permanent magnet of the motor are analyzed by theoretical formula and finite element method, respectively. Based on the static magnetic field, the gas flux density of two types of rotor permanent magnets in different coordinate systems is analyzed. The motor’s rotation and deflection torque characteristics are calculated using the principle of virtual displacement method. Using the auxiliary technology of the virtual prototype, according to the actual situation of the motor, the corresponding motion hinges and driving forms are summarized, and the control strategies of rotation, deflection, and rotation and deflection simultaneously are planned. The trajectory of the motor is described by observing the selected points. For the motor from product design to prototype testing and to the final processing assembly, a solid theoretical foundation is laid for the proposed work.
Research on modeling and compensation control strategy of automatic steering system
Authors: Ye Qing , Wang Ruochen , Cai Yinfeng , Chen Long
Published: September 2019

A novel compensation control strategy is proposed to compensate for automatic steering system controller limitations in instability under nonlinear interference condition. In this article, the structure and mechanism of automatic steering system are briefly introduced at first. The nonlinear dynamic models of automatic steering system and vehicle are established, and the interference torque models of automatic steering system caused by different speed are then derived through the mechanism of tire structure. Simulations under different road conditions and different vehicle velocities are then used to validate the influence of nonlinear factors on the automatic steering system. Finally, the compensation controller is designed, and the effectiveness of designed controller has been verified by simulation results, in which the dynamic control effect and tracking accuracy of designed controller have been improved significantly. Finally, the novel controller is designed based on Simulink results, and test results reconfirm the partial performance of controller effectively.
Analysis of critical negative rake angle and friction characteristics in orthogonal cutting of AL1060 and T2
Authors: Ding Yanchun , Shi Guangfeng , Zhang Hua , Shi Guoquan , Han Dongdong
Published: September 2019

The stagnant region often appears in front of the tool cutting edge, which is caused by mechanical inlay and excessive pressing in plastic metal cutting with large negative rake angle tools at a low speed. It results in the change of the effective negative rake angle which can affect the flow characteristics of material, the quality of machined surface and the abrasion loss of cutting tools. However, the critical negative rake angle model based on the existence of the stagnant region has not been reported yet. Therefore, in order to investigate the critical negative rake angle value considering the stagnant region, a critical negative rake angle model based on the principle of minimum required energy is established, and the correctness of the theoretical model is verified by orthogonal cutting experiments. At the same time, the influence of the critical value of the large negative rake angle tool on the machined surface quality is studied through different cutting experiments. These experimental results show that the deviations of both experimental and theoretical critical negative rake angle are less than 5% during the orthogonally cutting of the aluminium (AL1060) and copper (T2) materials by the negative rake angle tool. Meanwhile, the critical negative rake angle is related to the adhesive friction coefficient of tool–workpiece contact surface. The analysis of friction characteristics shows that the deviation values of both theoretical and experimental critical negative rake angle are proportional to the coefficient of adhesive friction and the thickness of the stagnant region. Critical negative rake angle has a significant effect on roughness and residual stress of the machined surface.
Tenancy Transition and the Effect of Liberalisation on Agricultural Land Leasing
Authors: Rao Ch. Sankar
Published: September 2019

This article studies tenancy transition in India during 2002–2012 and critically assesses the proposed Model Agricultural Land Leasing Act, 2016 in addressing the country’s current tenancy problems. The article is based on the National Sample Survey Organisation data of the 59th and 70th Rounds. Tenancy in India during the period studied has seen the increasing dominance of large-size farm holdings which have posed challenges to agriculture in India. The legalisation of leases, without disturbing the ownership rights of land owners, is essential for tenants and ensures them security, institutional credit and other governmental benefits. However, a complete liberalisation of the lease market without any legal stipulation on the duration, amount and registration of the lease, and the legal acceptability of lease documents to access institutional credit, crop insurance and other subsidised inputs may not provide a level playing field to the tenant farmer, especially when the lessor is rich and powerful. These concerns need to be addressed by the Model Act 2016 so as not to impinge on the goals of equity and efficiency enshrined in the Act. These concerns should also be addressed by all state governments as they frame tenancy laws in the future.
Delay aversion and immediate choice in Sepedi-speaking primary school children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Mokobane Maria , Pillay Basil , Thobejane Nicho , Meyer Anneke
Published: September 2019

Motivational factors play a significant role in the pathology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and are associated with altered reinforcement sensitivity. Delay aversion as a motivational style is characterised by a negative emotional reaction to the burden of delay. Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder have a stronger need to seek smaller immediate rewards rather than larger delayed rewards. This study ascertains whether children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder have different responses when asked to choose between a larger delayed reward and a smaller immediate reward. Furthermore, it determines whether there are differences in response among the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder presentations. A sample ( N = 188) of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder participants ( n = 94) was compared with that of a group of children ( n = 94) without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. These children attended primary school in Limpopo Province, South Africa. The Two-Choice Impulsivity Paradigm computer task was administered. The results showed that children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder–combined presentation selected significantly smaller immediate rewards over larger delayed rewards in comparison to the control group, whereas children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder–predominantly inattentive and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder–hyperactive/impulsive presentations did not demonstrate a significant difference in choice compared to the control group. In addition, no effect for gender was found. Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder seem to present with impulsive responses, which lead them to complete the concerned task faster and thereby escape delay. The study confirmed that children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder–combined presentation may face problems with waiting for delayed rewards, which could have negative consequences in social and academic situations.
Operative Management of Vocal Fold Avulsion Following Pediatric Laryngotracheal Separation
Authors: Chang Michael T. , Schoppy David W. , Schoppy Krista K. , Sidell Douglas R.
Published: September 2019

Laryngotracheal disruption in children is rare but life-threatening, and endolaryngeal injuries may go overlooked. We present the case of a 10-year-old boy who sustained near-complete laryngotracheal separation, multiple laryngeal fractures, and arytenoid and vocal fold avulsion following blunt cervical trauma. These injuries were not identified radiographically and only became apparent intraoperatively. Following surgical repair, the patient was successfully decannulated, eating a normal diet, and had a serviceable speaking voice within 2 months. In children, the diagnosis of severe endolaryngeal injuries may be elusive and therefore require high degree of clinical suspicion. Surgical success requires accurate diagnosis and prompt intervention.
The Relationship of Ankyloglossia With Gender in Children and the Ideal Timing of Surgery in Ankyloglossia
Authors: Ata Nurdoğan , Alataş Necat , Yılmaz Esra , Adam Ayşe Bülbül , Gezgin Bahri
Published: September 2019

Introduction:

Ankyloglossia is a congenital condition that restricts tongue mobility. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between gender and pediatric ankyloglossia and evaluate the planning of ideal timing of surgery.

Methods:

The files of pediatric patients in the Turkish population treated surgically for tongue-tie between June 2014 to June 2018 were scanned retrospectively.

Results:

Three hundred and eighty-two pediatric patients were included in the study. Of these, 115 (30.1%) were female and 267 (69.9%) were male. The prevalence of ankyloglossia was significantly higher in males than in females ( P < .001). The age of the patients at time of surgery ranged from 1 day to 114 months. The most common indication was sucking/feeding difficulties (82%) in patients younger than 2 years, and the most common symptom was speech problems (67%) in patients aged 2 years and older.

Conclusion:

In our study, the prevalence of ankyloglossia in Turkish society was significantly higher in males. Frenectomy surgery is a safe procedure that can be performed on the first day of life in newborns.
The Influence of Incidental Tokenism on Private Evaluations of Stereotype-Typifying Products
Authors: Paul Iman , Parker Jeffrey R. , Dommer Sara Loughran
Published: September 2019

Findings from five studies demonstrate that being an incidental token member in a transient group (e.g., a woman in a group of mostly men in a store line) lowers individuals’ private evaluations of products that typify the negative stereotypes of the tokenized identity. Incidental tokenism activates negative stereotypes associated with the tokenized identity, which subsequently leads to a desire to disassociate specifically from identity-linked products that typify those stereotypes as opposed to all identity-linked products in general. Consistent with this theorizing, similar results emerge when negative stereotypes are activated directly, and the effect is attenuated when tokenized individuals are self-affirmed. These results demonstrate the largely unexamined consequences of being a token group member on private evaluations (vs. public behavior) in subjective, preference-based (vs. objective, performance-based) domains.
Impact of tectonic deformation on coal methane adsorption capacity
Authors: Li Wu , Jiang Bo , Zhu Yan-Ming
Published: September 2019

Tectonic deformation can cause significant changes in the physical and chemical structures of coal by damaging the macrostructure and macromolecular composition. For thorough research on the coal tectonic deformation impacts on gas adsorption capacity, this paper collected and summarized the parameters of experimental adsorption isotherms and coal macerals, conducted proximate and ultimate analyses, and systematically discussed the adsorption properties of different structures of coals and the influence of temperature and pressure on coal adsorption. Furthermore, the semi-quantitative relationships between the structural parameters of coal and its methane adsorption capacity are explored. The results show that (1) due to different tectonic stresses, the molecular and porous structures of different types of tectonic coal exhibit significant differences (e.g. sample N25, which is in a fault zone, has the highest methane adsorption capacity), and (2) coal methane adsorption capacity decreases along with increasing temperature. At a pressure of 12 MPa, primary coal (N32) showed Langmuir volume (VL) values of 15.38, 9.58, and 7.86 cm3/g and Langmuir pressure (PL) values of 3.82, 2.07, and 1.81 MPa at temperatures of 30°C, 50°C, and 70°C, respectively. (3) The Langmuir volume appears to have a linear relationship with parameters ID1/IG, Al/OX, and A-factor, as well as a parabolic curve relationship with fa, thereby illustrating that increases of apparent aromaticity can raise CH4 adsorption on coal.
Parental attachment anxiety: Associations with allostatic load in mothers of 1-year-olds
Authors: Ross Kharah M. , Kane Heidi S. , Guardino Christine , Schetter Christine Dunkel
Published: September 2019

Growing evidence indicates that individual differences in attachment style are related to health outcomes. The present study extends this literature by examining whether attachment anxiety in both mothers and fathers predicts maternal health the year following the birth of a child in a sample of 698 low-income, racially diverse couples. We hypothesized that maternal perceptions of partner responsiveness would mediate these associations. Maternal allostatic load, a measure of cumulative wear-and-tear on the body due to stress, was used as an indicator of maternal health. Maternal biomarkers (blood pressure, adiposity, blood metabolites, inflammation, and diurnal cortisol) were scored using clinical or top-quartile cutoffs to compute an allostatic load index. Attachment anxiety and perceived partner responsiveness were assessed in interviews. Path models were used to test indirect associations between mother and father attachment anxiety and maternal allostatic load through perceived partner responsiveness. We found that higher mother and father attachment anxiety were each independently and indirectly associated with higher maternal allostatic load through lower maternal perceptions of partner responsiveness. These findings highlight the need to consider both relationship and partner factors in understanding maternal health.
Exercise and physical activity for people with Progressive Supranuclear Palsy: a systematic review
Authors: Slade Susan C , Finkelstein David I , McGinley Jennifer L , Morris Meg E
Published: September 2019

Objective:

To conduct a systematic review to evaluate exercise and structured physical activity for people living with Progressive Supranuclear Palsy.

Data sources:

AMED, CINAHL, Cochrane, EMBASE, Informit, MEDLINE, PEDro, PsycINFO, PubMed and SportDiscus were searched until 18 August 2019. Reference lists of included studies were hand-searched.

Methods:

Cochrane guidelines informed review methods. English language peer-reviewed studies of any design, in any setting, were included. Method quality was appraised with the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale and Joanna Briggs Institute instruments. Data were extracted for study design, sample characteristics and therapy content. Effectiveness was calculated where possible.

Results:

Eleven studies were included. Method appraisal showed moderate to high risk of bias. Research designs included three randomized controlled trials, two quasi-experimental studies, one cohort study, four case studies and one case series. Sample sizes ranged from 1 to 24. Exercise interventions included supported and robot-assisted gait training, gaze training, balance re-education and auditory-cued motor training. Dosage ranged from two to five sessions per week over four to eight weeks. End-of-intervention effect sizes were small (6-minute walk test: –0.07; 95% confidence interval (CI): –0.87, 0.73) to moderate (balance: –0.61; 95% CI: –1.40, 0.23; Timed Up and Go: 0.42; 95% CI: –0.49, 1.33) and statistically non-significant. Function, quality of life and adverse events were inconsistently reported.

Conclusions:

For people with Progressive Supranuclear Palsy, robust evidence was not found for therapeutic exercises. Reported improvements in walking were derived from two clinical trials. The effects of structured physical activity for people with advanced Progressive Supranuclear Palsy are not known.
Experimental cortical stroke induces aberrant increase of sharp-wave-associated ripples in the hippocampus and disrupts cortico-hippocampal communication
Authors: He Ji-Wei , Rabiller Gratianne , Nishijima Yasuo , Akamatsu Yosuke , Khateeb Karam , Yazdan-Shahmorad Azadeh , Liu Jialing
Published: September 2019

The functional consequences of ischemic stroke in the remote brain regions are not well characterized. The current study sought to determine changes in hippocampal oscillatory activity that may underlie the cognitive impairment observed following distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAO) without causing hippocampal structural damage. Local field potentials were recorded from the dorsal hippocampus and cortex in urethane-anesthetized rats with multichannel silicon probes during dMCAO and reperfusion, or mild ischemia induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (CCAO). Bilateral change of brain state was evidenced by reduced theta/delta amplitude ratio and shortened high theta duration following acute dMCAO but not CCAO. An aberrant increase in the occurrence of sharp-wave-associated ripples (150–250 Hz), crucial for memory consolidation, was only detected after dMCAO reperfusion, coinciding with an increased occurrence of high-frequency discharges (250–450 Hz). dMCAO also significantly affected the modulation of gamma amplitude in the cortex coupled to hippocampal theta phase, although both hippocampal theta and gamma power were temporarily decreased during dMCAO. Our results suggest that MCAO may disrupt the balance between excitatory and inhibitory circuits in the hippocampus and alter the function of cortico-hippocampal network, providing a novel insight in how cortical stroke affects function in remote brain regions.
Generalized Linear Models for Flexible Parametric Modeling of the Hazard Function
Authors: Kearns Benjamin , Stevenson Matt D. , Triantafyllopoulos Kostas , Manca Andrea
Published: September 2019

Background. Parametric modeling of survival data is important, and reimbursement decisions may depend on the selected distribution. Accurate predictions require sufficiently flexible models to describe adequately the temporal evolution of the hazard function. A rich class of models is available among the framework of generalized linear models (GLMs) and its extensions, but these models are rarely applied to survival data. This article describes the theoretical properties of these more flexible models and compares their performance to standard survival models in a reproducible case study. Methods. We describe how survival data may be analyzed with GLMs and their extensions: fractional polynomials, spline models, generalized additive models, generalized linear mixed (frailty) models, and dynamic survival models. For each, we provide a comparison of the strengths and limitations of these approaches. For the case study, we compare within-sample fit, the plausibility of extrapolations, and extrapolation performance based on data splitting. Results. Viewing standard survival models as GLMs shows that many impose a restrictive assumption of linearity. For the case study, GLMs provided better within-sample fit and more plausible extrapolations. However, they did not improve extrapolation performance. We also provide guidance to aid in choosing between the different approaches based on GLMs and their extensions. Conclusions. The use of GLMs for parametric survival analysis can outperform standard parametric survival models, although the improvements were modest in our case study. This approach is currently seldom used. We provide guidance on both implementing these models and choosing between them. The reproducible case study will help to increase uptake of these models.
Automatic Evaluation of Cancer Treatment Texts for Gist Inferences and Comprehension
Authors: Wolfe Christopher R. , Dandignac Mitchell , Sullivan Rachel , Moleski Tatum , Reyna Valerie F.
Published: September 2019

Background. It is difficult to write about cancer for laypeople such that everyone understands. One common approach to readability is the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL). However, FKGL has been shown to be less effective than emerging discourse technologies in predicting readability. Objective. Guided by fuzzy-trace theory, we used the discourse technology Coh-Metrix to create a Gist Inference Score (GIS) and applied it to texts from the National Cancer Institute website written for patients and health care providers. We tested the prediction that patient cancer texts with higher GIS scores are likely to be better understood than others. Design. In study 1, all 244 cancer texts were systematically subjected to an automated Coh-Metrix analysis. In study 2, 9 of those patient texts (3 each at high, medium, and low GIS) were systematically converted to fill-the-blanks (Cloze) tests in which readers had to supply the missing words. Participants (162) received 3 texts, 1 at each GIS level. Measures. GIS was measured as the mean of 7 Coh-Metrix variables, and comprehension was measured through a Cloze procedure. Results. Although texts for patients scored lower on FKGL than those for providers, they also scored lower on GIS, suggesting difficulties for readers. In study 2, participants scored higher on the Cloze task for high GIS texts than for low- or medium-GIS texts. High-GIS texts seemed to better lend themselves to correct responses using different words. Limitations. GIS is limited to text and cannot assess inferences made from images. The systematic Cloze procedure worked well in aggregate but does not make fine-grained distinctions. Conclusions. GIS appears to be a useful, theoretically motivated supplement to FKGL for use in research and clinical practice.
Do Shared Decision-Making Measures Reflect Key Elements of Shared Decision Making? A Content Review of Coding Schemes
Authors: Kunneman Marleen , Henselmans Inge , Gärtner Fania R. , Bomhof-Roordink Hanna , Pieterse Arwen H.
Published: September 2019

Background. There is a growing need for valid shared decision-making (SDM) measures. We aimed to determine whether the items of extant SDM observer-based coding schemes assess the 4 key elements of SDM. Methods. Items of SDM coding schemes were extracted and categorized. Except for the 4 key elements of SDM (fostering choice awareness, informing about options, discussing patient preferences, and making a decision), (sub)categories were created inductively. Two researchers categorized items independently and in duplicate. Results. Five of 12 coding schemes assessed all 4 SDM elements. Seven schemes did not measure “fostering choice awareness,” and 3 did not measure “discussing patient preferences.” Seventy of 194 items (36%) could not be classified into one of the key SDM elements. Items assessing key SDM elements most often assessed “informing about options” ( n = 57/124, 46%). Conclusion. Extant SDM coding schemes often do not assess all key SDM elements and have a strong focus on information provision while other crucial elements of SDM are underrepresented. Caution is therefore needed in reporting and interpreting the resulting SDM scores.
Knockdown of RAD54B expression reduces cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in lung cancer cells
Authors: Xu Chuan , Liu Di , Mei Hong , Hu Jian , Luo Meng
Published: September 2019

Objective

RAD54 homolog B (RAD54B), a member of the SNF2/SWI2 superfamily, is implicated in homologous recombination, and high RAD54B expression predicts the prognostic outcomes of lung adenocarcinoma. However, its role in lung carcinogenesis was unclear so this was determined in the present study.

Methods

We evaluated the gene and protein expression of RAD54B in 15 lung adenocarcinoma tissues and matched adjacent healthy lung tissues by real-time PCR, immunohistochemical staining, and western blotting. A549 lung cancer cells were transduced with lentivirus carrying small hairpin RNA (shRNA) against RAD54B (shRAD54B) or control shRNA (shCtrl), and cell proliferation, viability, apoptosis, and caspase 3/7 activity were evaluated.

Results

RAD54B protein expression was significantly higher in lung adenocarcinoma tissues than in healthy lung tissues. RAD54B gene expression was high in A549 cells but was efficiently knocked down using shRAD54B with an infection efficiency of 80% and a knockdown ratio of 72.2% compared with shCtrl. Suppressing RAD54B expression in A549 cells significantly reduced cell proliferation and caspase 3/7 activity, and significantly increased the apoptotic rate.

Conclusions

RAD54B exerts an oncogenic role in lung cancer cell proliferation.