bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dietary modulation of oxylipins in cardiovascular disease and aging
Authors: Caligiuri Stephanie P. B. , Parikh Mihir , Stamenkovic Aleksandra , Pierce Grant N. , Aukema Harold M.
Published: August 2017

Oxylipins are a group of fatty acid metabolites generated via oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and are involved in processes such as inflammation, immunity, pain, vascular tone, and coagulation. As a result, oxylipins have been implicated in many conditions characterized by these processes, including cardiovascular disease and aging. The best characterized oxylipins in relation to cardiovascular disease are derived from the ω-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid. These oxylipins generally increase inflammation, hypertension, and platelet aggregation, although not universally. Similarly, oxylipins derived from the ω-6 fatty acid linoleic acid generally have more adverse than beneficial cardiovascular effects. Alternatively, most oxylipins derived from 20- and 22-carbon ω-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory, antiaggregatory, and vasodilatory effects that help explain the cardioprotective effects of these fatty acids. Much less is known regarding the oxylipins derived from the 18-carbon ω-3 fatty acid α-linolenic acid, but clinical trials with flaxseed supplementation have indicated that these oxylipins can have positive effects on blood pressure. Normal aging also is associated with changes in oxylipin levels in the brain, vasculature, and other tissues, indicating that oxylipin changes with aging may be involved in age-related changes in these tissues. A small number of trials in humans and animals with interventions that contain either 18-carbon or 20- and 22-carbon ω-3 fatty acids have indicated that dietary-induced changes in oxylipins may be beneficial in slowing the changes associated with normal aging. In summary, oxylipins are an important group of molecules amenable to dietary manipulation to target cardiovascular disease and age-related degeneration.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Oxylipins are an important group of fatty acid metabolites amenable to dietary manipulation. Because of the role they play in cardiovascular disease and in age-related degeneration, oxylipins are gaining recognition as viable targets for specific dietary interventions focused on manipulating oxylipin composition to control these biological processes.
TDP1 is Critical for the Repair of DNA Breaks Induced by Sapacitabine, a Nucleoside also Targeting ATM- and BRCA-Deficient Tumors
Authors: Abo Muthana Al , Sasanuma Hiroyuki , Liu Xiaojun , Rajapakse Vinodh N. , Huang Shar-yin , Kiselev Evgeny , Takeda Shunichi , Plunkett William , Pommier Yves
Published: August 2017

2'-C-cyano-2'-deoxy-1-β-d-arabino-pentofuranosylcytosine (CNDAC) is the active metabolite of the anticancer drug, sapacitabine. CNDAC is incorporated into the genome during DNA replication and subsequently undergoes β-elimination that generates single-strand breaks with abnormal 3′-ends. Because tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1) selectively hydrolyzes nonphosphorylated 3′-blocking ends, we tested its role in the repair of CNDAC-induced DNA damage. We show that cells lacking TDP1 (avian TDP1−/− DT40 cells and human TDP1 KO TSCER2 and HCT116 cells) exhibit marked hypersensitivity to CNDAC. We also identified BRCA1, FANCD2, and PCNA in the DNA repair pathways to CNDAC. Comparing CNDAC with the chemically related arabinosyl nucleoside analog, cytosine arabinoside (cytarabine, AraC) and the topoisomerase I inhibitor camptothecin (CPT), which both generate 3′-end blocking DNA lesions that are also repaired by TDP1, we found that inactivation of BRCA2 renders cells hypersensitive to CNDAC and CPT but not to AraC. By contrast, cells lacking PARP1 were only hypersensitive to CPT but not to CNDAC or AraC. Examination of TDP1 expression in the cancer cell line databases (CCLE, GDSC, NCI-60) and human cancers (TCGA) revealed a broad range of expression of TDP1, which was correlated with PARP1 expression, TDP1 gene copy number and promoter methylation. Thus, this study identifies the importance of TDP1 as a novel determinant of response to CNDAC across various cancer types (especially non–small cell lung cancers), and demonstrates the differential involvement of BRCA2, PARP1, and TDP1 in the cellular responses to CNDAC, AraC, and CPT. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(11); 2543–51. ©2017 AACR.
Closure of Secundum Atrial Septal Defects With the AMPLATZER Septal Occluder
Authors: Turner Daniel R. , Owada Carl Y. , Sang Charlie J. , Khan Muhammad , Lim D. Scott
Published: August 2017

Background—

Prospective data on the medium-term safety and effectiveness of the AMPLATZER Septal Occluder in clinical practice are not available. The objective of this study was to prospectively evaluate the risk of hemodynamic compromise and obtain medium-term survival data on patients implanted with the AMPLATZER Septal Occluder for percutaneous closure of secundum atrial septal defects.

Methods and Results—

Subjects were enrolled prospectively at 50 US sites and followed for 2 years. Between 2008 and 2012, atrial septal defect closure with the AMPLATZER Septal Occluder was attempted in 1000 patients (aged 0.3–83.6 years, mean 21±22 years). Procedural closure occurred in 97.9%, with 1-month and 2-year closure 98.5% and 97.9%, respectively. Hemodynamic compromise occurred in 6 subjects (0.65%), because of dysrhythmia in 2, device embolization in 1, and cardiac erosion in 3. The rate of cardiac erosion was 0.3% (average 83, range 12–171 days from implant).

Conclusions—

Closure of atrial septal defect with the AMPLATZER Septal Occluder is safe and effective. The rate of hemodynamic compromise and cardiac erosion is rare. The risk factors for cardiac erosion after device closure are not yet clear.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00650936.
Time-Course Reduction in Patient Exposure to Radiation From Coronary Interventional Procedures
Authors: Georges Jean-Louis , Karam Nicole , Tafflet Muriel , Livarek Bernard , Bataille Sophie , Loyeau Aurélie , Mapouata Mireille , Benamer Hakim , Caussin Christophe , Garot Philippe , Varenne Olivier , Barbou Franck , Teiger Emmanuel , Funck François , Karrillon Gaëtan , Lambert Yves , Spaulding Christian , Jouven Xavier
Published: August 2017

Background—

The frequency of complex percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) has increased in the last few years, with a growing concern on the radiation dose received by the patients. Multicenter data from large unselected populations on patients’ radiation doses during coronary angiography (CA) and PCI and temporal trends are lacking. This study sought to evaluate the temporal trends in patients’ exposure to radiation from CA and PCI.

Methods and Results—

Data were taken from the CARDIO-ARSIF registry that prospectively collects data on all CAs and PCIs performed in the 36 catheterization laboratories in the Greater Paris Area, the most populated regions in France with about 12 million inhabitants. Kerma area product and Fluoroscopy time from 152 684 consecutive CAs and 103 177 PCIs performed between 2009 and 2013 were analyzed. A continuous trend for a decrease in median [interquartile range] Kerma area product was observed, from 33 [19–55] Gy cm
2
in 2009 to 27 [16–44] Gy cm
2
in 2013 for CA (
P
<0.0001), and from 73 [41–125] to 55 [31–91] Gy cm
2
for PCI (
P
<0.0001). Time-course differences in Kerma area product remained highly significant after adjustment on Fluoroscopy time, PCI procedure complexity, change of x-ray equipment, and other patient- and procedure-related covariates.

Conclusions—

In a large patient population, a steady temporal decrease in patient radiation exposure during CA and PCI was noted between 2009 and 2013. Kerma area product reduction was consistent in all types of procedure and was independent of patient-related factors and PCI procedure complexity.
A Population-Based Study of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Treatment in Finland 2000 to 2014
Authors: Laine Matti T. , Laukontaus Sani J. , Sund Reijo , Aho Pekka S. , Kantonen Ilkka , Albäck Anders , Venermo Maarit
Published: August 2017

Background:

In the event of rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), mortality is very high. AAA prevalence and incidence of ruptures have been reported to be decreasing. The treatment of AAA has also undergone a change in recent decades with a shift toward endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Our aim was to evaluate how these changes have affected the elective and emergency treatment of AAA and their results in Finland.

Methods:

All patients treated for AAA in Finland, a country with a population of 5.5 million, during 2000 to 2014 were searched from the registry of the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare. Data on all patients who had died of AAA during the same time period were obtained from Statistics Finland. The data were combined and analyzed.

Results:

The annual incidence of ruptured AAA was 16.4 per 100 000 population over 50 years and decreased significantly during the study period. Over half of the 4949 patients who had a ruptured AAA died outside the hospital. Thirty-day mortality after emergency repair was 39.4%. Intact AAA repairs numbered 4956. The absolute number of annual repairs increased during the study period, and the use of EVAR became the dominant method of elective repair. Thirty-day mortality in elective AAA repair dropped significantly from 6.3% in 2000 to 2004 to 2.7% in 2010 to 2014 mostly because of the increased number of EVAR procedures with lower mortality. Long-term mortality in patients treated with EVAR was higher than in patients treated with open repair. Mortality after elective AAA repair was primarily attributable to cardiovascular causes, but there was a slightly higher proportion of AAA-related late deaths in patients treated with EVAR.

Conclusions:

Ruptured AAA incidence for men >65 years has declined by nearly 30% in Finland, likely because of the decrease in AAA prevalence. The treatment results have improved as well for both elective and emergency repair. Increased use of EVAR has resulted in a decrease of mortality after elective AAA repair, but results of open repair have improved as well. However, late mortality from elective EVAR is surprisingly high in comparison with open repair, which may have been exaggerated by patient selection.
High-Resolution Mapping of Chromatin Conformation in Cardiac Myocytes Reveals Structural Remodeling of the Epigenome in Heart Failure
Authors: Rosa-Garrido Manuel , Chapski Douglas J. , Schmitt Anthony D. , Kimball Todd H. , Karbassi Elaheh , Monte Emma , Balderas Enrique , Pellegrini Matteo , Shih Tsai-Ting , Soehalim Elizabeth , Liem David , Ping Peipei , Galjart Niels J. , Ren Shuxun , Wang Yibin , Ren Bing , Vondriska Thomas M.
Published: August 2017

Background:

Cardiovascular disease is associated with epigenomic changes in the heart; however, the endogenous structure of cardiac myocyte chromatin has never been determined.

Methods:

To investigate the mechanisms of epigenomic function in the heart, genome-wide chromatin conformation capture (Hi-C) and DNA sequencing were performed in adult cardiac myocytes following development of pressure overload–induced hypertrophy. Mice with cardiac-specific deletion of CTCF (a ubiquitous chromatin structural protein) were generated to explore the role of this protein in chromatin structure and cardiac phenotype. Transcriptome analyses by RNA-seq were conducted as a functional readout of the epigenomic structural changes.

Results:

Depletion of CTCF was sufficient to induce heart failure in mice, and human patients with heart failure receiving mechanical unloading via left ventricular assist devices show increased CTCF abundance. Chromatin structural analyses revealed interactions within the cardiac myocyte genome at 5-kb resolution, enabling examination of intra- and interchromosomal events, and providing a resource for future cardiac epigenomic investigations. Pressure overload or CTCF depletion selectively altered boundary strength between topologically associating domains and A/B compartmentalization, measurements of genome accessibility. Heart failure involved decreased stability of chromatin interactions around disease-causing genes. In addition, pressure overload or CTCF depletion remodeled long-range interactions of cardiac enhancers, resulting in a significant decrease in local chromatin interactions around these functional elements.

Conclusions:

These findings provide a high-resolution chromatin architecture resource for cardiac epigenomic investigations and demonstrate that global structural remodeling of chromatin underpins heart failure. The newly identified principles of endogenous chromatin structure have key implications for epigenetic therapy.
Warfarin Use in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing Hemodialysis
Authors: Yoon Chang-Yun , Noh Juhwan , Jhee Jong Hyun , Chang Tae Ik , Kang Ea Wha , Kee Youn Kyung , Kim Hyoungnae , Park Seohyun , Yun Hae-Ryong , Jung Su-Young , Oh Hyung Jung , Park Jung Tak , Han Seung Hyeok , Kang Shin-Wook , Kim Changsoo , Yoo Tae-Hyun
Published: August 2017

Background and Purpose—

The aim of this study is to elucidate the effects of warfarin use in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing dialysis using a population-based Korean registry.

Methods—

Data were extracted from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, which is a nationwide, mandatory social insurance database of all Korean citizens enrolled in the National Health Information Service between 2009 and 2013. Thromboembolic and hemorrhagic outcomes were analyzed according to warfarin use. Overall and propensity score–matched cohorts were analyzed by Cox proportional hazards models.

Results—

Among 9974 hemodialysis patients with atrial fibrillation, the mean age was 66.6±12.2 years, 5806 (58.2%) were men, and 2921 (29.3%) used warfarin. After propensity score matching to adjust for all described baseline differences, 5548 subjects remained, and differences in baseline variables were distributed equally between warfarin users and nonusers. During a mean follow-up duration of 15.9±11.1 months, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke occurred in 678 (6.8%) and 227 (2.3%) patients, respectively. In a multiple Cox model, warfarin use was significantly associated with an increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke (hazard ratio, 1.44; 95% confidence interval, 1.09–1.91;
P
=0.010) in the overall cohort. Furthermore, a significant relationship between warfarin use and hemorrhagic stroke was found in propensity-matched subjects (hazard ratio, 1.56; 95% confidence interval, 1.10–2.22;
P
=0.013). However, the ratios for ischemic stroke were not significantly different in either the propensity-matched (hazard ratio, 0.95; 95% confidence interval, 0.78–1.15;
P
=0.569) or overall cohort (hazard ratio, 1.06; 95% confidence interval, 0.90–1.26;
P
=0.470).

Conclusions—

Our findings suggest that warfarin should be used carefully in hemodialysis patients, given the higher risk of hemorrhagic events and the lack of ability to prevent thromboembolic complications.
Out of Time: Jabrā Ibrāhīm Jabrā and the Politics of Palestinian Exile
Authors: al-Naser Asma
Published: August 2017

This article analyses Jabrā Ibrāhīm Jabrā’s representations of Palestinian exile by focusing on his 1970 novel, al-Safīnah (The Ship, 1985). Critics have argued over whether Jabrā adequately connects his characters to “reality” on land. By attending to the Palestinian character Wadīʿ’s narrative in the novel, I argue that it is through this retreat from “reality,” or from realistic representations of Wadīʿ’s life in Palestine, that the novel shapes Palestinian exile as a dislocation in both time and space. Dream-like memories and utopic fantasies of return mirror the structure of that other fantasy, of returning in historico-political time. Thus the novel signals the time-space of Palestinian exile as both a separation from the historical land of Palestine, and an exile in history: an alienation not only from Palestine as a geographical area, but also from Palestine before the catastrophe of the Nakbah.
Religious Freedom and the European Court of Human Rights’ Two Margins of Appreciation
Authors: Berry Stephanie E.
Published: August 2017

The European Court of Human Rights’ (ECtHR) use of the margin of appreciation (MoA) in cases concerning religious clothing is well-documented. This article paints a more complete picture of the use of the doctrine in cases falling within Article 9 and Article 2, Protocol 1 of the European Convention on Human Rights (echr). The ECtHR’s use of the normative MoA often appears to be superfluous as it does not seem to extend past the Article 9(2) echr, limitations clause. In contrast, the systemic MoA allows almost complete deference to the State, which has the potential to undermine the religious freedom of minorities.
Tourist Activity Analysis by Leveraging Mobile Social Media Data
Authors: Vu Huy Quan , Li Gang , Law Rob , Zhang Yanchun
Published: August 2017

Approaches to traditional travel diary construction rely on tourist participation and manual recording; hence, they are not only time-consuming but also limited in the scale and the number of samples. Online social network platforms have been used as alternative data sources for capturing the movements and travel patterns of tourists at a large scale. However, they fail to provide detailed contextual information on tourist activities for further analysis. In this paper, we present a new approach to travel diary construction based on the venue check-in data available in mobile social media with rich information on locations, time, and activities. Our case study focuses on the inbound tourism in Hong Kong using a data set composed of 17,355 check-ins generated by 600 tourists. We demonstrate how the proposed travel diary can provide useful practical implications for applications in location management, transportation management, impact management, and tourist experience promotion among others.
Extreme turbulence control for wind turbines
Authors: Kanev Stoyan
Published: August 2017

The components of a wind turbine are designed to ensure that they can withstand the (fatigue and extreme) loads during their lifetime. To this end, the loads are analyzed using simulations under a large set of design conditions. One of the most demanding design condition, however, is operation under extreme turbulence conditions. For many turbines, this is a design-driving load case, as is the case with the InnWind 10-MW reference wind turbine. To present, reduction of loads during extreme turbulence using the wind turbine controller has not been considered explicitly. In this report, an extreme turbulence control algorithm is developed to actively reduce the ultimate loads on the main turbine components during operation in extreme turbulence conditions. The benefits of the algorithm are demonstrated in two test cases: with the InnWind 10-MW and InnWind 20-MW reference wind turbines.
Fine-Tuning Cross-Battery Assessment Procedures: After Follow-Up Testing, Use All Valid Scores, Cohesive or Not
Authors: Schneider W. Joel , Roman Zachary
Published: August 2017

We used data simulations to test whether composites consisting of cohesive subtest scores are more accurate than composites consisting of divergent subtest scores. We demonstrate that when multivariate normality holds, divergent and cohesive scores are equally accurate. Furthermore, excluding divergent scores results in biased estimates of construct scores. We show that obtaining divergent scores should prompt additional testing under some conditions. Although there are many valid reasons to exclude scores from consideration (e.g., malingering, fatigue, and misunderstood directions), no score should be removed from a composite simply because it is different from other scores in the composite.
Outcomes Achieved With Use of a Prefabricated Roll-On Total Contact Cast
Authors: Arnold Jonathan F. , Marmolejo Valerie
Published: August 2017

Background:

The total contact cast (TCC) is considered the gold standard for offloading of plantar diabetic foot ulcerations, yet its use remains suboptimal for a variety of reasons. Prefabricated TCC systems have been developed to help enhance TCC use. The primary objective of this study was to determine if healing rates obtained with use of a prefabricated roll-on TCC were similar to those reported with conventional TCC use. Secondary outcomes measured were the incidence of iatrogenic ulceration, amputation, and recurrent ulceration, and patient tolerance of the device.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review was performed on all patients in whom TCC was used for treatment of an ulceration at our institution from April 2013 to December 2016. Seventy patients (132 ulcerations) were identified.

Results:

An 85.6% healing rate was achieved. Five subjects (7.1%) sustained 11 iatrogenic ulcerations. All resolved with local treatment and continued casting. Thirteen subjects (18.6%) underwent amputation. No amputation occurred because of TCC application technique or use. Fifteen ulcerations (12 subjects, 17.1%) recurred. Greater than 70% resolved with re-initiation of TCC use. Forty-three subjects (61.4%) tolerated use of the prefabricated roll-on TCC.

Conclusion:

Similar healing rates and reduced rates of iatrogenic ulceration, amputation, and recurrent ulceration were attained with use of a prefabricated roll-on TCC. These results, good patient tolerance, and the reduced administrative and clinical time related to supply acquisition, training, and proper application supports use of this device as a viable alternative to a conventional TCC for treatment of plantar neuropathic foot ulcerations.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, case series.
Application of High-Speed Dual Fluoroscopy to Study In Vivo Tibiotalar and Subtalar Kinematics in Patients With Chronic Ankle Instability and Asymptomatic Control Subjects During Dynamic Activities
Authors: Roach Koren E. , Foreman K. Bo , Barg Alexej , Saltzman Charles L. , Anderson Andrew E.
Published: August 2017

Background:

Abnormal angular and translational (ie, kinematic) motion at the tibiotalar and subtalar joints is believed to cause osteoarthritis in patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI).

Methods:

In this preliminary study the investigators quantified and compared in vivo tibiotalar and subtalar kinematics in 4 patients with CAI (3 women) and 10 control subjects (5 men) using dual fluoroscopy during a balanced, single-leg heel-rise and treadmill walking at 0.5 and 1.0 m/s.

Results:

During balanced heel-rise, 69%, 54%, and 66% of mean CAI tibiotalar internal rotation/external rotation (IR/ER), subtalar inversion/eversion, and subtalar IR/ER angles, respectively, were outside the 95% confidence intervals of control subjects. During 0.5-m/s gait, 50% and 60% of mean CAI tibiotalar dorsi/plantarflexion and subtalar IR/ER angles, respectively, were outside the 95% confidence intervals of control subjects. During 1.0-m/s gait, 62%, 65%, and 73% of mean CAI subtalar dorsi/plantarflexion, inversion/eversion, and IR/ER, respectively, were outside the 95% confidence intervals of control subjects. Patients with CAI exhibited less tibiotalar and subtalar translational motion during gait; no clear differences in translations were noted during balanced heel-rise.

Conclusion:

Overall, the balanced heel-rise activity exposed more tibiotalar and subtalar kinematic variation between patients with CAI and control subjects. Therefore, weight-bearing activities involving large range of motion, balance, and stability may be best for studying kinematic adaptations in patients with CAI.

Clinical Relevance:

These preliminary results suggest that patients with CAI require more tibiotalar external rotation, subtalar eversion, and subtalar external rotation during weight-bearing stability exercises, all with less overall joint translation.
An EEG Study of Children With and Without ADHD Symptoms: Between-Group Differences and Associations With Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Symptoms
Authors: Jarrett Matthew A. , Gable Philip A. , Rondon Ana T. , Neal Lauren B. , Price Hannah F. , Hilton Dane C.
Published: August 2017

Objective: We examined differences between those with and without ADHD symptoms on resting state electroencephalography (EEG) indices and unique relations with sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) symptoms. Method: Children with ADHD symptoms ( n = 21) and healthy controls ( n = 20) were assessed using rating scales, a neuropsychological task measuring sustained attention and inhibitory control, and EEG activity during a resting state period. Between-group, correlational, and regression analyses were conducted. Results: Large differences (particularly for theta/beta ratio in frontal and frontocentral regions) were found on EEG measures between those with and without ADHD symptoms. While ADHD and SCT symptoms both related to sustained attention on a computerized task, only ADHD symptoms were related to frontal and frontocentral theta/beta ratio. Conclusion: Results support the conclusion that ADHD symptoms are strongly associated with theta/beta ratio in frontal and frontocentral regions. Future studies should explore unique neurophysiological correlates of SCT.
A systematic review of quality of life of adults on the autism spectrum
Authors: Ayres Michael , Parr Jeremy R , Rodgers Jacqui , Mason David , Avery Leah , Flynn Darren
Published: August 2017

Autism spectrum disorder is associated with co-existing conditions that may adversely affect an individual’s quality of life. No systematic review of quality of life of adults on the autism spectrum has been conducted. Our objectives were as follows: (1) review the evidence about quality of life for adults on the autism spectrum; (2) critically appraise current practice in assessing quality of life of adults on the autism spectrum. We searched bibliographic databases and other literature to identify studies using a direct measure of quality of life of adults on the autism spectrum. Hand searching of reference lists, citation searching and personal communication with field experts were also undertaken. In total, 827 studies were identified; 14 were included. Only one quality of life measure designed for use with the general autism spectrum population was identified. Quality of life of adults on the autism spectrum is lower than that of typically developing adults, when measured with tools designed for the general population. There are no comprehensive autism spectrum disorder–specific quality of life measurement tools validated for use with representative samples of adults on the autism spectrum. There is a pressing need to develop robust measures of quality of life of autistic adults.
Adapting to post-racialism? Definitions of racism in non-governmental organization advocacy that mainstreams anti-racism
Authors: Seikkula Minna
Published: August 2017

Scholarly discussions contesting post-racialism have noted how the false but common belief – that systematic racism has been defeated in Western societies – works to undermine anti-racism’s critical potential. Simultaneously, the discussion about the relativization of anti-racism has mainly been located in contexts with strong anti-racist traditions. By exploring anti-racism in the Finnish civil society, the article thematizes thinking around the post-racial modality of racism in a context where racism is often presented as a recent phenomenon. A discourse analysis of non-governmental organization advocacy materials that work to mainstream anti-racism identifies three parallel problem-definitions of racism, illustrating a tendency to understand racism as an individual flaw in a non-racist social reality. This shows that trivializing racism and recentring whiteness happen through classed and aged discourses.
Parental stress and depressive symptoms increase the risk of separation among parents with children less than 11 years of age in Sweden
Authors: Margareta Widarsson , Eva Nohlert , John Öhrvik , Birgitta Kerstis
Published: August 2017

Aims: Parental separations have become more frequent in recent decades. In Western countries, about 25% of children experience parental separation. There is a need to explore the risk factors for separation to give children an optimal childhood. The objective of the present study was to examine parental stress and depressive symptoms during early parenthood and their association with parental separation. Methods: Four hundred and seven couples completed questionnaires on depressive symptoms for 3 months and parental stress for 18 months after childbirth. Total parental stress and five sub-areas were investigated. To study the separation rate, parents’ addresses were recorded 9 to 11 years after childbirth. Results: Twenty-nine percent of the parents were separated 9 to 11 years after childbirth. Separation was associated with depressive symptoms at 3 months (mothers p = .002, fathers p = .025) and total parental stress at 18 months after childbirth (mothers p = .010, fathers p = .005). The sub-areas of parental stress, Spouse relationship problems (mothers p = <.001, fathers p = .001) and fathers’ Social isolation ( p = .005), were associated with separation. In multivariable regression analyses of the parents’ separation rate 9 to 11 years after childbirth, the only significant predictor was mothers’ Spouse relationship problems ( p < .001). Conclusions: The knowledge that parental stress and depressive symptoms are risk factors for separation may simplify professional support for parents in early parenting. Courses for new and expectant parents can use this knowledge to increase parents’ awareness.
Persistence(ing): Posthuman agency in a Writers’ Studio
Authors: Kuby Candace R , Rucker Tara Gutshall , Darolia Laura H
Published: August 2017

This manuscript focuses on agency from a posthumanist stance. For so long, educators’ definitions of agency have focused solely on people. As we read more on posthuman ideas of agency, we were also reading Deleuze and Guattari’s work on philosophy and concepts. These two bodies of scholarship intra-acted with each other to create newness of ideas for us. In other words, readings on philosophy and concepts have helped us to better understand what posthumanist enacted agency is (or what it does). In order to think about enacted agency, we invited the concept of persistence(ing) to think-with-us-and-data-and-theories. Situated in a second grade Writers’ Studio, during a study on personal narratives, we found ourselves intrigued by a 20-minute clip of Katie-working-with-materials to create a 3-dimensional cabin as a way to bring her readers/users to the National Parks to which she travelled with her family. We invite the reader to consider: What is posthuman agency? Or more-than-human agency? How do you know when you see it happening? How do you go about researching this agency? Perhaps most importantly, why does it matter for literacy educators to think of agency as enacted between humans and nonhumans? We conclude by discussing several insights from analysis and why posthuman agency is productive for early literacy research and pedagogy.
The matter of the stick: Storying/(re)storying children’s literacies in the forest
Authors: Harwood Debra , Collier Diane R
Published: August 2017

Children's intra-actions with the natural world offer an important lens to revisit notions of literacies. They allow for a decentring of humans – here children – as actors. Also, forest schools and nature-based learning programmes are increasingly erupting across North America, although more commonplace in Europe for a longer period. In this presentation of our research, we feature a storying/(re)storying of data from a yearlong research study of children's entanglements with the forest as a more-than-human world. We ask what we might learn if educators, children and researchers think with sticks, not separate from, but in relation to sticks? Eight preschool children, two educators and two researchers ventured into the forest twice a week over the course of a year, documenting their interactions with a mosaic of data generation tools, such as notebooks, iPads, Go-Pro cameras. The forest offered diverse materials that provoked “thing-matter-energy- child-assemblages” that were significant for the children's play and literacy framing. Through post-humanist theorizing, we have paid particular attention to the stick within the children's forest play and illustrate the ways in which the stick was entangled with children’s bodies, relations, identities and discourses. The stick was a catalyst, a friend, a momentary and changing text, an agentic force acting relationally with children's play and stories. The post humanism storying/(re)storying of the children's encounters in the forest with sticks invites infinite possibilities for literacy teaching and learning. How might educators foster such relations, enquiring with and alongside children with an openness toward what the sticks (forests) might teach us?
Nomadic writing1 in early childhood education
Authors: Hermansson Carina , Saar Tomas
Published: August 2017

This article explores how the processes of writing and writers emerge and transform in two examples of Swedish early childhood educational writing practices. Students’ writing is a multifaceted activity involving a myriad of interconnected elements; however, to make sense of what is going on, more knowledge is needed about the connectivity, the movement and the unpredictability inherent in these activities. Taking a posthuman and nomadic perspective, the article studies how text and writer are co-constituted through the interrelations between human elements and non-human elements. The article concludes that conceptualizing writing as nomadic provides a way to view young children's educational writing as sites of experimentation, thus guiding the pedagogical attention to the productive potential of the writing situation.
The literacies of things: Reconfiguring the material-discursive production of race and class in an informal learning centre
Authors: Thiel Jaye Johnson , Jones Stephanie
Published: August 2017

Drawing on our documentation of transforming an informal learning centre (the Playhouse) in a multilingual, working-class neighbourhood, this paper presents significant and deliberate material-discursive changes at the Playhouse that produced unpredictable shifts in belongings among young children. More specifically, this paper entwines our place-making experiences with theories of feminist new materialism, to explore the object as a material-discursive apparatus in the production of literacies, particularly literacies of race and class. Implications for careful analysis of the racialized and classed literacies produced through the materiality of educational spaces suggest that when we entangle ourselves with material-discursive apparatuses, through play and otherwise, we acquire such literacies and that issues of accessibility always involve the more than human.
Modeling and prediction for the oxidation efficiency of magnesium sulfite in aeration tank of magnesium-based seawater exhaust gas clean system
Authors: Liu Quan , Zhu Yimin , Li Tie , Tang Xiaojia , Liu Weifeng , Guo Lin , Zhao Jiao
Published: August 2017

In magnesium-based seawater exhaust gas clean system, the desulfurization by-product, magnesium sulfite (MgSO3), has a negative impact on the ecological environment, which needs to be treated to make harmless. Due to the limited space on board, the aeration oxidation method is used to convert it to magnesium sulfate. Because of the variable size, shape and flow field of aeration tank, it is difficult and expensive to design and verify the oxidation efficiency of the aeration tank by experimental method. In this work, in order to predict the oxidation efficiency accurately, RFlow, a computational fluid dynamics software, was used to analyze the flow field and MgSO3 oxidation reaction in aeration tank. The subdomain technology was adopted for physics modeling and mesh generation of the aeration tank, and the total number of meshes was 285,000. The multi-phase flow field model was set up using the multi-fluid model and dispersive k-ε turbulence model. Under the given initial conditions, the predicted oxidation efficiency was 94.2%. Compared with the results of the actual ship test, the prediction model for MgSO3 oxidation efficiency of the aeration tank is reliable.
Addressing Outcomes Expectancies in Behavior Change
Authors: Reesor Layton , Vaughan Elizabeth M. , Hernandez Daphne C. , Johnston Craig A.
Published: August 2017

Individuals commonly seek help for problem health behaviors, such as excessive drinking, smoking, and weight gain. Yet there is a high rate of recidivism in these behaviors because outcome expectancies are either too high, negative outcome expectancies are not considered, or outcome expectancies are not properly addressed. Health care providers are recommended to list the outcome expectancy for the problem behavior and corresponding treatment for their patient. Through the process it is important to acknowledge both the positive and negative outcomes of engaging in the problem behavior. Health care providers are then encouraged to have their patient identify the goals and objectives that will assist in achieving the desired outcome. By recognizing and addressing outcome expectancies, it is more likely that the patient will be less resistant to the health care provider’s recommendations to change problematic behavior.
Multiplanar Correction of the Lesser Digital Deviation and Indirect Plantar Plate Rupture Repair Using a Braided Polyethylene Nylon Suture: A Technique Guide
Authors: Blazek Cody D. , Brandão Roberto A. , Manway Jeffrey M. , Burns Patrick R.
Published: August 2017

Forefoot and lesser digital pathology continues to be a challenging area of surgical correction for foot and ankle surgeons. Many techniques for the correction of digital deformities secondary to plantar plate rupture, regardless of planal dominance, have been described including direct repair and metatarsal shortening osteotomies for repair. The authors present a new technique for multiplanar correction of deformed lesser digits without direct repair of the plantar plate rupture utilizing a specialty suture. The technique utilizes a braided synthetic polyethylene Nylon suture, which has been traditionally used for open or arthroscopic shoulder labrum repair, for the stabilization of the lesser metatarsophalangeal joint. This novel technique guide for the correction of transverse and sagittal plane deformities of the digit at the metatarsophalangeal joint negates the need for a plantar incisional approach for plantar plate repair or metatarsal head osteotomy from a dorsal approach with augmented stabilization.

Levels of Evidence: Level V: Expert opinion
The Turkish Referendum, 2017
Authors: Quamar Md Muddassir
Published: August 2017

The Turkish referendum has exposed the fault lines of the Turkish polity pitching the ruling Islamist AKP and its new-found ally MHP against the Kemalist CHP and pro-Kurdish HDP. The sharp divisions in the run up to the referendum was reflected in the results that registered a narrow victory margin for the “Yes” vote. The victory effectively means that Turkey would be shifting to a presidential form of government from 2019. It is not just the transition from one form to another but the way in which the process has been pursued and the overwhelming powers the amendment enjoins in one man that has alarmed many leading observers who fear Turkey sliding to autocracy.
A comprehensive comparison between the refraction microtremor and seismic interferometry methods for phase-velocity estimation
Authors: Xu Zongbo , Dylan Mikesell T. , Xia Jianghai , Cheng Feng
Published: August 2017

Passive-source seismic-noise-based surface-wave methods are now routinely used to investigate the near-surface geology in urban environments. These methods estimate the S-wave velocity of the near surface, and two methods that use linear recording arrays are seismic interferometry (SI) and refraction microtremor (ReMi). These two methods process noise data differently and thus can yield different estimates of the surface-wave dispersion, the data used to estimate the S-wave velocity. We have systematically compared these two methods using synthetic data with different noise source distributions. We arrange sensors in a linear survey grid, which is conveniently used in urban investigations (e.g., along roads). We find that both methods fail to correctly determine the low-frequency dispersion characteristics when outline noise sources become stronger than inline noise sources. We also identify an artifact in the ReMi method and theoretically explain the origin of this artifact. We determine that SI combined with array-based analysis of surface waves is the more accurate method to estimate surface-wave phase velocities because SI separates surface waves propagating in different directions. Finally, we find a solution to eliminate the ReMi artifact that involves the combination of SI and the [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] transform, the array processing method that underlies the ReMi method.
Imaging the Aquistore reservoir after 36 kilotonnes of CO2 injection using distributed acoustic sensing
Authors: Harris Kyle , White Don , Samson Claire
Published: August 2017

Aquistore is a geologic [Formula: see text] storage project that is using a deep saline formation as a storage reservoir. From April 2015 to February 2016, approximately 36 kilotonnes of [Formula: see text] were injected into the reservoir at a depth of 3130–3350 m. We have developed an analysis of distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) 3D vertical seismic profiling data acquired in February 2016, marking the first seismic survey since injection began. The VSP data were processed in parallel with baseline preinjection data from a November 2013 survey, with the objective of detecting and characterizing the subsurface [Formula: see text] plume and evaluating the repeatability of DAS in a reservoir monitoring project. A single processing sequence was devised that (1) accurately imaged the reservoir for the baseline and monitor data and (2) attained adequate repeatability to observe time-lapse differences related to the presence of [Formula: see text]. Repeatability was somewhat compromised by the less advanced noise cancellation methodology of the DAS system used for the baseline survey. In the final cross-equalized migrated data volumes, normalized root-mean-square ([Formula: see text]rms) difference values of [Formula: see text] were attained at the reservoir level indicating good repeatability compared with most surface seismic studies. An injection-related amplitude anomaly with maximum [Formula: see text]rms values of approximately 0.7 is apparent in the Deadwood Formation of the reservoir, whereas no significant [Formula: see text]rms anomalies were observed near the injection and monitoring wells in the Black Island Member or above the reservoir.
Systemic Hypotension Following Intravenous Administration of Nonionic Contrast Medium During Computed Tomography: Iopromide Versus Iodixanol
Authors: Widmann Gerlig , Bale Reto , Ulmer Hanno , Putzer Daniel , Schullian Peter , Wiedermann Franz-Josef , Lederer Wolfgang
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND:

In light of the increasing number of radiologic interventions performed under general anesthesia, the effects of contrast media (CM) on circulation and organ perfusion are of paramount importance. The objectives of this study were to systematically quantify effects on blood pressure, heart rate, and kidney function following intravenous administration of nonionic CM with normal and low osmolality.

METHODS:

In this controlled, double-blinded phase IV clinical trial, 40 consecutive patients were randomly assigned to receive repeated measures of either low-osmolar iopromide or iso-osmolar iodixanol. Normal saline solution (NSS) served as control. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured continuously from 1 minute before until 3 minutes after administration of CM and NSS. Urine output was recorded hourly.

RESULTS:

Administration of iopromide resulted in systemic hypotension lasting up to 300 seconds (105 ± 61 seconds) with the lowest mean arterial pressure of 39 mm Hg (56.7 ± 12.2 mm Hg). Iopromide caused a systolic/diastolic decrease of 31/26 mm Hg (P < .001), significant increase in heart rate (P = .042), and significant diuresis with a 2-fold higher per-hour urine output (P = .010). Administration of iodixanol and NSS had no significant influence on blood pressure (P > .640).

CONCLUSIONS:

Administration of low-osmolar iopromide was followed by a significant transient decrease in blood pressure and a rise in heart rate. Anesthetists and radiologists should be aware of these effects in patients in whom short episodes of disturbed tissue microcirculation may pose a clinical risk.
Partisan Responses to Public Health Messages: Motivated Reasoning and Sugary Drink Taxes
Authors: Gollust Sarah E. , Barry Colleen L. , Niederdeppe Jeff
Published: August 2017

This study examines the public's motivated reasoning of competitive messages about sugary drink taxes, a public health policy approach attempted with some recent success in the United States. In an experiment embedded in a nationally representative survey fielded in the fall of 2012, we randomized participants (N = 5,147) to receive one of four messages: control, a strong protax message, a two-sided message, or a message refuting arguments made in soda company antitax messages. The protax message showed no effects on tax support, while the two-sided message depressed Republicans' support. The refutation message boosted independents' support but produced backlash among Republicans. This motivated response was pronounced among Republicans who were plausibly previously exposed to the sugary drink tax debate. These findings reinforce the communication challenges in an increasingly politicized US health policy discourse.
Litigation Provides Clues to Ongoing Challenges in Implementing Insurance Parity
Authors: Berry Kelsey N. , Huskamp Haiden A. , Goldman Howard H. , Rutkow Lainie , Barry Colleen L.
Published: August 2017

Over the past twenty-five years, thirty-seven states and the US Congress have passed mental health and substance use disorder (MH/SUD) parity laws to secure nondiscriminatory insurance coverage for MH/SUD services in the private health insurance market and through certain public insurance programs. However, in the intervening years, litigation has been brought by numerous parties alleging violations of insurance parity. We examine the critical issues underlying these legal challenges as a framework for understanding the areas in which parity enforcement is lacking, as well as ongoing areas of ambiguity in the interpretation of these laws. We identified all private litigation involving federal and state parity laws and extracted themes from a final sample of thirty-seven lawsuits. The primary substantive topics at issue include the scope of services guaranteed by parity laws, coverage of certain habilitative therapies such as applied behavioral analysis for autism spectrum disorders, credentialing standards for MH/SUD providers, determinations regarding the medical necessity of MH/SUD services, and the application of nonquantitative treatment limitations under the 2008 federal parity law. Ongoing efforts to achieve nondiscriminatory insurance coverage for MH/SUDs should attend to the major issues subject to private legal action as important areas for facilitating and monitoring insurer compliance.