bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coordinated operation of coupled transportation and power distribution systems considering stochastic routing behaviour of electric vehicles and prediction error of travel demand
Authors: Geng Lijun , Lu Zhigang , Guo Xiaoqiang , Zhang Jiangfeng , Li Xueping , He Liangce
Published: March 2021

The popularisation of electric vehicles (EVs) and the development of dynamic wireless charging technology have created an emerging trend of transportation electrification, which strengthens the coupling between electrified transportation network (ETN) and power distribution network (PDN). Meanwhile, the stochastic routing behaviour of EVs and prediction error of traffic demand pose a severe challenge to the coordinated ETN‐PDN operation problem. This paper proposes a new hybrid optimisation method using stochastic user equilibrium (SUE)/information gap decision theory (IGDT) to study the impact of the unavoidable uncertainties on the coordinated ETN‐PDN operation, which consists of the following two stages. In the first stage, a collaborative optimisation model based on SUE and Dist‐Flow equations is established to deal with the stochastic EV routing behaviour. Built upon this model, the second stage continues to consider the traffic demand prediction error and establish a risk decision model using IGDT. The proposed model can provide proper road congestion tolls and local generator production schedules to lead to a minimum expected socio‐economic cost. Also, two different coordinated operation strategies, that is, risk‐seeker and risk‐averse strategies, are provided to deal with the uncertainties. Case studies are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the hybrid SUE/IGDT optimisation method.
Active reflection coefficients characterization system for multiple input multiple output antennas
Authors: Jordão Marina , Belo Daniel , Caldeirinha Rafael F. S. , Oliveira Arnaldo S. R. , Carvalho Nuno B.
Published: March 2021

The main objective of this study is to present a characterization system that can be used to measure the active reflection coefficient of each port of the multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antennas, when the main beam is steered to an intended direction. Since MIMO systems are composed of antennas with several elements and each antenna element is connected to a power amplifier, an active component, the beamforming will contribute to the mismatch of each branch. To this extent, a calibrated measurement system has been implemented using off‐the‐shelf software defined radio and designed to effectively extract such coefficients, when all the ports are simultaneously excited. Results for linear and planar MIMO antenna arrays have been experimentally obtained for several beam directions and the impact of beamforming on each element of the antenna is presented and compared to simulated results. Additionally, their behaviour was also assessed when some of the radiation elements are deliberately disconnected, mimicking those not working properly.
The Application of RBF Neural Network Optimized by K-means and Genetic-backpropagation in Fault Diagnosis of Power Transformer
Authors: Mi Xinxin , Subramani Gopinath , Chan Mieowkee
Published: March 2021

Through the dissolved gas analysis (DGA) in transformer oil, the fault of the power transformer can be diagnosed. However, the DGA method has the disadvantage of low accuracy because it couldn’t exactly reflect the nonlinear relationship between the characteristic gases and fault types. Radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) has the advantage of dealing with complex nonlinear problems, so it can be applied to transformer fault diagnosis based on DGA. The centers, widths and weights has important effects on the performance of the RBFNN. However, it is difficult to find the global optimal solution of these parameters when RBFNN training. This paper creatively designs a method to improve these parameters of RBFNN, firstly using the K-means algorithm to optimize the centers and widths of RBFNN, then using the genetic algorithm-backpropagation (GA-BP) algorithm optimize the weights. Finally, establish the K-means RBF-genetic backpropagation (KRBF-GBP) algorithm model through a large amount of training data. The test results show that the fault diagnosis accuracy of the KRBF-GBP algorithm is 96.4%, higher than the unoptimized RBFNN with 71.43%.
Influence of Process Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of the Reformer Tube
Authors: Zhang Jiahe , Yin Wenjia , Jiang Peng
Published: March 2021

Considering the non-linear characteristics of the reformer tube material with temperature changes and the influence of the fluid inside and outside the tube, we suggest to establish a thermal-fluid-solid coupling model and calculation method for the reformer tube of the hydrogen production reformer. The multi field coupling theory is used to analyze and study the stress distribution of the fluid in the reformer tube under different process conditions, different inlet temperature and different inlet flow rate.We found that under hot operating conditions, as the fluid inlet temperature in the tube increasing, the maximum equivalent stress of the overall reformer tube structure gradually decreased. As the flow rate gradually increasing, the maximum equivalent stress of the reformer tube decreased gradually and then increased. In this paper, all the technological parameters come from the actual production conditions, so the research results provide a certain reference for safe production.
Implantate der weiblichen Brust – Teil 3: Malignome
Authors: Fischer Uwe , Said Hafiez
Published: March 2021

Hinsichtlich der bösartigen Tumoren muss bei Frauen mit Implantaten unterschieden werden zwischen dem extrem seltenen Krankheitsbild des anaplastisch großzelligen Lymphoms (ALCL) einerseits und dem herkömmlichen Brustkrebs andererseits. Während das brustimplantatinduzierte BIA-ALCL in aller Regel bereits anhand der nicht kontrastmittelgestützten Protokolle zu diagnostizieren ist, bedarf es für den Nachweis insbesondere kleinerer Mammakarzinome der Applikation eines Kontrastmittels. Es kommen dabei dynamische Protokolle zum Einsatz, die eine Visualisierung der Durchblutung der intramammären Strukturen ermöglichen. Bei der Verwendung qualitätsgesicherter, hoch aufgelöster Untersuchungen erweist sich die Mamma-MRT im Nachweis insbesondere des kleinen Mammakarzinoms allen anderen bildgebenden Verfahren überlegen. Im letzten Teil der dreiteiligen Präsentation werden das ALCL und kleine Mammakarzinome bei Frauen mit Implantaten unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der MRT präsentiert.
Livedo racemosa bei primärem Antiphospholipidsyndrom
Authors: Oms E. , Tronnier M.
Published: March 2021

Das Antiphospholipidsyndrom umfasst als Kardinalsymptome rezidivierende arteriovenöse thrombembolische Ereignisse, vermehrte Aborte oder Schwangerschaftskomplikationen und das Vorliegen von Antiphospholipid-Antikörpern. In ca. 20 % der Fälle liegt eine Livedo racemosa als kutane Manifestation vor. Die Therapie besteht in der Prophylaxe weiterer Thromboembolien.

Wir berichten über einen Patienten mit Multiorganbeteiligung (Livedo racemosa, Milz-, Pankreas-, Darm- und fraglich Niereninfarkte) bei Nachweis von ß2-Glykoprotein-I-IgG-Antikörper.
Geschichte der Hautklinik in Hildesheim
Authors: Ottmann K. , Jafari R.
Published: March 2021

Die Ursprünge der Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie in Hildesheim liegen in einer dermatologischen Belegabteilung, die bereits 1929 in den sich ständig erweiternden Komplex des Städtischen Krankenhauses Hildesheim am Weinberg eingegliedert wurde.

Diese Belegabteilung wurde 1984 in eine hauptamtliche Hautklinik im Städtischen Krankenhaus umgewandelt. Im Januar 2005 erfolgte der Wechsel des Klinikums vom kommunalen zu einem privaten Träger. Das Gesamtklinikum ist 2011 in einen modernen Neubau an einem anderen Standort umgezogen.
Prurigo pigmentosa
Authors: Wollert E. , Tronnier M.
Published: March 2021

Wir berichten über eine in Europa selten auftretende Erkrankung. In unserem Fall erkrankte ein 28-jähriger sonst gesunder Mann an Prurigo pigmentosa (PP). Die Diagnose wurde erst 6 Jahre später anhand der klinisch pathologischen Korrelation gestellt. Die Ätiopathogenese in unserem Fall ist unklar. Wir behandelten mit Minozyklin. Hierunter kam es zu einer raschen Befundbesserung.

Typisch für die PP ist der mit dem Auftreten der Hautveränderungen beginnende starke Juckreiz, die retikuläre Anordnung sowie der im Frühjahr und Sommer schubweise Verlauf. Aufgrund des in Europa seltenen Auftretens werden, wie auch in unserem Fall, zunächst Differenzialdiagnosen wie z. B. eine kontaktallergische Dermatitis in Betracht gezogen. Wahrscheinlich ist die Inzidenz von PP in Europa deutlich höher, sie bleibt nur oft unerkannt.
Effects of Treatment Adherence on Quality of Life in Hypoparathyroid
Patients
Authors: Anaforoglu Inan , Sancak Seda , Akbas Emin Murat , Oruk Guzide Gonca , Canat Masum , Tezcan Kadriye Aydın , Uc Ziynet Alphan , Gorar Suheyla , Duman Gulhan Cavlak , Yaylali Guzin Fidan , Yılmaz Merve , Bilir Betul Ekiz , Bozoglan Humeyra , Akbaba Gulhan , Tuna Mazhar Muslum , Akcay Seckin , Tuzun Dilek , Bagir Gulay Simsek , Haydardedeoglu Filiz Eksi , Elbuken Gulsah , Yorulmaz Goknur , Celik Ozlem , Topbas Murat
Published: March 2021

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the current situation of
hypoparathyroid patients and to investigate the relationship between
treatment adherence and quality of life.

Study design Prospective, multicentre study.

Methods Adult patients presenting with the diagnosis of
hypoparathyroidism to 20 different endocrinology clinics were included. They
were receiving conventional therapies for hypoparathyroidism, using calcium,
active vitamin D, and magnesium. We collected data on demographic features,
disease- and treatment-related information, and results of routine
laboratory tests, treatment adherence, and presence of complications. Beck
Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Short Form-36 quality of
life assessments were administered.

Results Among the 300 patients studied, 60.7% were adherent
to their treatment, and 34.1% had complications. Anxiety and
depression scores were significantly higher in non-adherent versus
treatment-adherent patients (p<0.001 and p=0.001,
respectively). Most of the domains of quality-of-life scores were also
significantly lower in non-adherent patients. Both anxiety and depression
scores showed significant, negative correlations with serum calcium and
magnesium concentrations (r=−0.336, p<0.001
and r=−0.258, p<0.001, respectively).

Conclusions Nearly 40% of the patients were non-adherent to
conventional treatment for hypoparathyroidism, and such patients had higher
anxiety and depression scores and poorer quality of life scores.
Conventional treatment might not be sufficient to meet the needs of patients
with hypoparathyroidism. In addition to seeking new therapeutic options,
factors influencing quality of life should also be investigated and
strategies to improve treatment adherence should be developed.
Versorgung mit Speisen: Verbesserung der Nachhaltigkeit bei der Speisenanforderung im Krankenhaus
Authors: Moll Beate , Raida Andrea
Published: March 2021

Speiseabfälle zu reduzieren, bietet auch in Kliniken ein großes Potenzial, um den ökologischen Fußabdruck zu optimieren. Speisebestellsysteme können dazu unter anderem einen Beitrag leisten.
Extracting Medical Information from Paper COVID-19 Assessment Forms
Authors: Schultz Jacob D. , White-Dzuro Colin G. , Ye Cheng , Coco Joseph R. , Myers Janet M. , Shackelford Claude , Rosenbloom S. Trent , Fabbri Daniel
Published: March 2021

Objective This study examines the validity of optical mark recognition, a novel user interface, and crowdsourced data validation to rapidly digitize and extract data from paper COVID-19 assessment forms at a large medical center.

Methods An optical mark recognition/optical character recognition (OMR/OCR) system was developed to identify fields that were selected on 2,814 paper assessment forms, each with 141 fields which were used to assess potential COVID-19 infections. A novel user interface (UI) displayed mirrored forms showing the scanned assessment forms with OMR results superimposed on the left and an editable web form on the right to improve ease of data validation. Crowdsourced participants validated the results of the OMR system. Overall error rate and time taken to validate were calculated. A subset of forms was validated by multiple participants to calculate agreement between participants.

Results The OMR/OCR tools correctly extracted data from scanned forms fields with an average accuracy of 70% and median accuracy of 78% when the OMR/OCR results were compared with the results from crowd validation. Scanned forms were crowd-validated at a mean rate of 157 seconds per document and a volume of approximately 108 documents per day. A randomly selected subset of documents was reviewed by multiple participants, producing an interobserver agreement of 97% for documents when narrative-text fields were included and 98% when only Boolean and multiple-choice fields were considered.

Conclusion Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it may be challenging for health care workers wearing personal protective equipment to interact with electronic health records. The combination of OMR/OCR technology, a novel UI, and crowdsourcing data-validation processes allowed for the efficient extraction of a large volume of paper medical documents produced during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Trends in Mortality of Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Ho An Thi Nhat , Bellamy Nelly , Naydenov Soophia K.
Published: March 2021

Despite substantial advances in the diagnosis and management, pulmonary embolism (PE) continues to be a significant cause of mortality. In this article, we provide a concise overview of the evolution of worldwide mortality trends related to PE. Despite the data being derived mainly from observational studies, there is a clear trend toward decreasing mortality over time from PE. Whether this truly represents a treatment effect or is more related to increased diagnosis of small PEs is not fully clear. Modern approaches to PE management such as the PE response teams have the potential to further reduce the mortality from PE.
Klinik Unternehmen: Auf-/Absteiger des Monats
Authors: Schmidt Hartmut
Published: March 2021

Börsenexperte Hartmut Schmidt analysiert für kma die Jahresabschlüsse ausgewählter Kliniken
Krankenhausrettungsschirm: „Die Bundesregierung lässt viele Häuser im Regen stehen“
Authors: Nickel Marc , Schmid Andreas
Published: March 2021

Die Covid-19-Pandemie trifft auf einen Krankenhaussektor, in dem bereits 2019 knapp die Hälfte der Krankenhäuser rote Zahlen schrieb. Selbstverständlich engagierten sie sich trotzdem in der Bewältigung der Pandemie, denn ihr Versorgungsauftrag ist die Gesundheit der Menschen. Und: Sie vertrauten auf das Versprechen der Politik.
Probing molecular dynamics with ultrafast electron diffraction
Authors: Ma Zhuo-ran , Qi Feng-feng , Xiang Dao
Published: March 2021

Recent progress in ultrafast lasers, ultrafast X-rays and ultrafast electron beams has made it possible to watch the motion of atoms in real time through pumpprobe technique. In this review, we focus on how the molecular dynamics can be studied with ultrafast electron diffraction where the dynamics is initiated by a pumping laser and then probed by pulsed electron beams. This technique allows one to track the molecular dynamics with femtosecond time resolution and Ångström spatial resolution. We present the basic physics and latest development of this technique. Representative applications of ultrafast electron diffraction in studies of laser-induced molecular dynamics are also discussed. This table-top technique is complementary to X-ray free-electron laser and we expect it to have a strong impact in studies of chemical dynamics.
Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy with active phase Management
Authors: Zhu Wei-da , Wang Rui , Wang Xiao-yong , Xiao Min , Zhang Chun-feng
Published: March 2021

Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) is a powerful method to probe the coherent electron dynamics in complicated systems. Stabilizing the phase difference of the incident ultrashort pulses is the most challenging part for experimental demonstration of 2DES. Here, we present a tutorial review on the 2DES protocols based on active phase managements which are originally developed for quantum optics experiments. We introduce the 2DES techniques in box and pump-probe geometries with phase stabilization realized by interferometry, and outline the fully collinear 2DES approach with the frequency tagging by acoustic optical modulators and frequency combs. The combination of active phase managements, ultrashort pulses and other spectroscopic methods may open new opportunities to tackle essential challenges related to excited states.
Complex 3D bioprinting methods
Authors: Ji Shen , Guvendiren Murat
Published: March 2021

3D bioprinting technology is evolving in complexity to enable human-scale, high-resolution, and multi-cellular constructs to better mimic the native tissue microenvironment. The ultimate goal is to achieve necessary complexity in the bioprinting process to biomanufacture fully-functional tissues and organs to address organ shortage and lack of patient-specific disease models. In this Review, we presented an in-depth overview of complex 3D bioprinting approaches including evolution of complex bioprinting, from simple gel-casting approach to multi-material bioprinting to omnidirectional bioprinting approaches, and emerging bioprinting approaches, including 4D bioprinting and in situ bioprinting technologies.
Prediction of crystallized phases of amorphous Ta2O5-based mixed oxide thin films using a density functional theory database
Authors: Fazio Mariana A. , Yang Le , Menoni Carmen S.
Published: March 2021

The genomics approach to materials, heralded by increasingly accurate density functional theory (DFT) calculations conducted on thousands of crystalline compounds, has led to accelerated material discovery and property predictions. However, so far, amorphous materials have been largely excluded from this as these systems are notoriously difficult to simulate. Here, we study amorphous Ta2O5 thin films mixed with Al2O3, SiO2, Sc2O3, TiO2, ZnO, ZrO2, Nb2O5, and HfO2 to identify their crystalline structure upon post-deposition annealing in air both experimentally and with simulations. Using the Materials Project open database, phase diagrams based on DFT calculations are constructed for the mixed oxide systems and the annealing process is evaluated via grand potential diagrams with varying oxygen chemical potential. Despite employing calculations based on crystalline bulk materials, the predictions agree well with the experimentally observed crystallized phases of the amorphous thin films. In the absence of ternary phases, the dopant acts as an amorphizer agent increasing the thermal stability of Ta2O5. The least efficient amorphizer agent is found to be Nb2O5, for which the cation has similar chemical properties to those of Ta in Ta2O5. These results show that DFT calculations can be applied for the prediction of crystallized structures of annealed amorphous materials. This could pave the way for accelerated in silico material discovery and property predictions using the powerful genomic approach for amorphous oxide coatings employed in a wide range of applications such as optical coatings, energy storage, and electronic devices.
Feed conversion efficiency in sheep genetically selected for resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes
Authors: Ferreira G. F. , Ciappesoni G. , Castells D. , Amarilho-Silveira F. , Navajas E. A. , Giorello D. , Banchero G. , De Barbieri I.
Published: March 2021

Context It has been indicated that there might be an antagonism between selection for gastrointestinal nematode resistance and high productivity and feed conversion efficiency in ruminants. Aims This study aimed to determine whether genetic selection for resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes would alter the feed intake and feed efficiency of sheep with or without an infection of Haemonchus contortus. Methods Sixty-seven Corriedale lambs (357 ± 14 days old) derived from flocks genetically selected to be resistant (n= 29) or susceptible (n = 38) to gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) were evaluated for individual dry-matter intake (DMI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and residual feed intake (RFI). Considering bodyweight (BW), GIN line and sires, males were allotted to one of three outdoor pens and females to one of two, each pen being equipped with five automated feeding systems and two automatic weighing platforms to record individual feed intake and BW. Feed (lucerne haylage, crude protein 20.5%, metabolisable energy 9.2 MJ/kg DM) and water were offered ad libitum. The experiment was conducted in two periods. First, animals were maintained worm-free (14 days of acclimatisation and 44 days of records) and then, in Period 2 (42 days), animals were artificially infected with 6000 L3 of Haemonchus contortus. Worm egg counts were recorded on Days 9, 23, 27, 30, 42 post-infection. While DMI, FCR, average daily gain and BW were analysed using a generalised linear model including dams age, pen and GIN line as fixed effects, RFI was analysed including only GIN line. Key results In both periods, GIN line did not have a significant (P > 0.05) effect on DMI, FCR, RFI, average daily gain or BW. Worm egg count was different (P < 0.05) on Day 23 post-infection (Period 2), being higher in susceptible line. Conclusions The most important finding of this study is that breeding GIN-resistant animals would not have a negative effect on feed conversion efficiency when evaluated as FCR or RFI in 1-year old lambs fed ad libitum with a high-protein diet. Implications Breeding for resistance to internal nematodes does not affect feed efficiency or productivity.
Alec Chisholm and the extinction of the Paradise Parrot
Authors: McGregor Russell
Published: March 2021

Rediscovered in 1921 after several decades of feared extinction, the resurrection of the Paradise Parrot was brief. Within a few decades more, the parrot was actually extinct, making it the only mainland Australian bird species known to have suffered that fate since colonisation. This article explores the reasons for the paucity and ineffectuality of attempts to preserve the species in the interwar years. By examining the contemporary state of ornithological knowledge on endangered species and the limited repertoire of conservationist strategies then available, the article extends our understanding of early twentieth-century discourses on avian extinction in Australia. It also offers an assessment of the conservationist efforts of Alec Chisholm, an amateur ornithologist who had a major role in the rediscovery of the Paradise Parrot and in subsequently publicising its plight.
Numerical simulation of a single pile under the combined effects of axial and lateral loading in liquefiable soil
Authors: Huissen Rusal S. , Albusoda Bushra S.
Published: March 2021

In this research, a numerical investigation was carried out using FLAC 2D software to develop an understanding of the effects of combined (axially and laterally) loading on a single pile subjected to different earthquake motions. Several parameters were studied, including vertical displacement at pile head and soil surfacelateral displacement with pile depth, and pore water pressure ratio (ru) at the near and far-fields within the soil model; these were then compared with the soil shaking table test, and the numerical model was solved with the Finn Model and Mohr-Coulomb to capture the non-linear effects of saturated sand under earthquake motions in Ali Algharbi and Kobe. The main test results from this numerical analysis showed that the lateral load on the pile headsignificantly reduced pile lateral displacement, yet had substantial effect on both pile and soil vertical displacement even at higher earthquake magnitudes. A comparison of pore pressure ratios at near and far-field between the numerical and experimental work showed a good agreement, with only a slight difference in overall values. The importance of this study and the test results imported from the numerical model lies in the generation of a reliable base for liquefaction analysis in more complex cases.
A Comparative Study of the Physical Properties of Perforated Clay Bricks Available in the Iraqi Local Market
Authors: Abdulhussain Sana Taha
Published: March 2021

Bricks are the most frequently used building units in residential and commercial construction in Iraq. This paper presents a comparative study of the physical properties of perforated clay bricks manufactured by five different factories: three of brick samples are local, with the other two being imported. Thirty specimens were tested for each factory for a total number of 150 bricks. Brick samples were randomly selected from the local market and then tested according to Iraqi specifications 24/1988 and 25/1988. The tests results showed that water absorption was lower in the local samples (13.7% minimum) than the imported ones (22.2% maximum), while efflorescence rates for both local and imported samples ranged from light to medium. The compressive strength of one local (about 29 MPa) and both imported samples (about 12 MPa) met the specifications, while the other local samples demonstrated lower compressive strength than the specifications. Overall, based on the adopted specifications, only one local sample was classified as class A, with the other samples did not meet requirements.
Investigating the effects of fin geometry on motorcycle cylinder cooling
Authors: Abbood M H , Azziz H N , Farhoud E K
Published: March 2021

This work aimed to improve the heat transfer process in motor engine cylinders by adding eight fins with different shapes around such a cylinder. This process was carried out numerically Fluent software (Ansys 19.0) for different Reynolds numbers (4, 6, and 8 × 104) under constant heat flux (6, 12, 25 kw/m2). The metal used for the fin bodies was aluminium alloy, with a thermal conductivity of 237 W/m-k. Four types of fin, square, circular, elliptical, and air foil, all with the same thickness (5 mm), pitch, gap between each fin (3 mm), and surface area (0.0745 m2) were investigated. The working fluid used was air. The results indicated that the best case was seen in the cylinder with square fins, which obtained the highest value of heat transfer coefficient. The results also indicated that, more generally, the rate of the heat transfer increases when the Reynolds number increases.
Using satellite data and machine learning to study conflict-induced environmental and socioeconomic destruction in data-poor conflict areas: The case of the Rakhine conflict
Authors: Aung Thiri Shwesin , Overland Indra , Vakulchuk Roman , Xie Yanhua
Published: March 2021

This paper studies socioeconomic and environmental changes in the neighboring areas Bangladesh-Myanmar border from 2012 to 2019, thus covering the period before and after the 2017 Rakhine conflict in Myanmar and outflux of refugees across the border to Bangladesh. Given the scarcity and costliness of traditional data collection methods in such conflict areas, the paper uses a novel methodological model based on very-high-resolution satellite imagery, nighttime satellite imagery, and machine-learning algorithms to generate reliable and reusable data for comparative assessment of the impacts of the Rakhine conflict. Assessments of welfare and environmental risks using this approach can be accurate and scalable across different regions and times when other data are unavailable. Key findings are: the general livelihood situation has worsened and income sources shrunk in Rakhine; forced migration damaged the ecologically fragile regions in the two countries; the destruction of aquaculture wetland ecosystems is observed in Rakhine; the deforestation rate reached 20% in Rakhine and 13% on the Bangladeshi side of the border. The results can provide guidance to policymakers and international actors as they work to repatriate the victims of the conflict in Rakhine and minimize the conflict’s security and environmental consequences. The methodology can be applied to other data-poor conflict and refugee areas in the world.
Homological invariants of Cameron–Walker Graphs
Authors: Hibi Takayuki , Kanno Hiroju , Kimura Kyouko , Matsuda Kazunori , Van Tuyl Adam
Published: March 2021

Let

G
G

be a finite simple connected graph on

[
n
]

[n]

and
\[

R
=
K
[

x
1

,
…
,

x
n

]

R = K[x_1, \ldots , x_n]

\]
the polynomial ring in

n
n

variables over a field

K
K

. The edge ideal of

G
G

is the ideal

I
(
G
)

I(G)

of

R
R

which is generated by those monomials

x
i

x
j

x_ix_j

for which

{
i
,
j
}

\{i, j\}

is an edge of

G
G

. In the present paper, the possible tuples
\[
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="left-parenthesis n comma d e p t h left-parenthesis upper R slash upper I left-parenthesis upper G right-parenthesis right-parenthesis comma r e g left-parenthesis upper R slash upper I left-parenthesis upper G right-parenthesis right-parenthesis comma dimension upper R slash upper I left-parenthesis upper G right-parenthesis comma degree h left-parenthesis upper R slash upper I left-parenthesis upper G right-parenthesis right-parenthesis right-parenthesis comma">

(
n
,
d
e
p
t
h
(
R

/

I
(
G
)
)
,
r
e
g
(
R

/

I
(
G
)
)
,
dim
⁡
R

/

I
(
G
)
,
deg
⁡
h
(
R

/

I
(
G
)
)
)
,

(n, depth(R/I(G)), reg(R/I(G)), \dim R/I(G), \deg h(R/I(G))),

\]
where

deg
⁡
h
(
R

/

I
(
G
)
)

\deg h(R/I(G))

is the degree of the

h
h

-polynomial of

R

/

I
(
G
)

R/I(G)

, arising from Cameron–Walker graphs on

[
n
]

[n]

will be completely determined.
Non-commutative rational functions in the full Fock space
Authors: Jury Michael , Martin Robert , Shamovich Eli
Published: March 2021

A rational function belongs to the Hardy space,

H
2

H^2

, of square-summable power series if and only if it is bounded in the complex unit disk. Any such rational function is necessarily analytic in a disk of radius greater than one. The inner-outer factorization of a rational function

r

∈

H
2

\mathfrak {r} \in H^2

is particularly simple: The inner factor of

r

\mathfrak {r}

is a (finite) Blaschke product and (hence) both the inner and outer factors are again rational.

We extend these and other basic facts on rational functions in

H
2

H^2

to the full Fock space over

C

d

\mathbb {C} ^d

, identified as the non-commutative (NC) Hardy space of square-summable power series in several NC variables. In particular, we characterize when an NC rational function belongs to the Fock space, we prove analogues of classical results for inner-outer factorizations of NC rational functions and NC polynomials, and we obtain spectral results for NC rational multipliers.
Distinct distances in the complex plane
Authors: Sheffer Adam , Zahl Joshua
Published: March 2021

We prove that if

P
P

is a set of

n
n

points in

C

2

\mathbb {C}^2

, then either the points in

P
P

determine

Ω
(

n

1
−
ε

)

\Omega (n^{1-\varepsilon })

complex distances, or

P
P

is contained in a line with slope

±
i

\pm i

. If the latter occurs then each pair of points in

P
P

have complex distance 0.
Low-Intensity Exercise Improves Aerobic Exercise Capacity in Rats After Myocardial Infarction and the Possible Role of Skeletal Muscle Autophagy
Authors: Chen Li-mei , Peng Wen-wen , Xu Gui-qing , Guo Yue , Wei Ling-jie , Lin Cheng , Pan Yan-xia , Wang Shi-zhong
Published: March 2021

Background

To investigate the effects of low-intensity exercise on aerobic exercise capacity and autophagy of skeletal muscle in rats after myocardial infarction (MI) and its possible mechanisms.

Methods

Thirty male Sprague Dawley rats, weighing 180–200 g, were randomly divided into sham, MI, and MI with exercise training (MI + Ex) groups. MI was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending artery. One week after surgery, low-intensity exercise training was carried out on a treadmill 5 days per week for 4 weeks.

Results

Infarct size of MI and MI + Ex groups was 30.8 ± 5.5% and 27.6 ± 5.0% of left ventricle, respectively (P > 0.05). Heart weight and heart to body weight ratio in the MI group were significantly higher than those in the sham group (P < 0.01), and were lowered by exercise training (P < 0.01). The maximal exercise distance and duration in the MI group were lower than those in the sham group (P < 0.01), but were significantly increased by exercise training (P < 0.05). Autophagosome of the gastrocnemius was not detectable in the sham group, scattered in the MI group but clustered in the MI + Ex group. Microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3-I/II) and Beclin-1 protein levels in the gastrocnemius were similar between MI and sham groups, but were significantly higher in the MI + Ex group (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Low-intensity exercise improves exercise capacity in rats after MI. The effect is associated with enhanced autophagy of the skeletal muscle.
Relationship Between Arterial Stiffness and Cardiovascular Risk Scores Predicted by 2 Different Models
Authors: Wang Ting-jun , Cai Xiao-qi , Zhang Ling-yu , Shen Yi-hua , Xie Qun-fang , Xu Guo-yan , Xie Liang-di
Published: March 2021

Background

To investigate the relationship between arterial stiffness and 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk predicted by models of pooled cohort equations (PCEs) or ASCVD risk in China (China-PAR).

Methods

A cross-sectional clinical study was carried out, in which clinical data were collected from 1,090 subjects aged 30–75 years who were admitted to a university affiliated hospital from 2016 to 2018. Arterial stiffness was examined by carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV). All subjects were divided into 2 groups: normal arterial stiffness (cfPWV <10 m/second) and elevated arterial stiffness (cfPWV ≥10 m/second). Ten-year ASCVD risk was predicted by either PCE or China-PAR.

Results

ASCVD risks predicted by 2 models in the elevated arterial stiffness group were higher than those in the normal arterial stiffness group [PCE: 16.5% (8.6%–28.3%) vs. 6.3% (2.7%–12.3%); China-PAR: 8.8% (6.1%–12.4%) vs. 3.9% (2.1%–6.6%), both P < 0.001]. The correlation coefficient between cfPWV and ASCVD risk predicted by China-PAR was greater than that by PCE (0.573 vs. 0.503, z = 5.272, P < 0.001). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that 10-year ASCVD risk predicted by PCE model (β = 0.475, P < 0.001) and waist circumference (β = 0.092, P = 0.001) correlated with cfPWV. However, when PCE was replaced by China-PAR, only ASCVD risk (β = 0.573, P < 0.001), not waist circumference, was associated with arterial stiffness. Receiver operation characteristic curve showed that the discrimination of 10-year ASCVD risk predicted by China-PAR for arterial stiffness was better than PCE (area under curve 0.814 vs. 0.767, z = 4.992, P < 0.001). A stratification analysis revealed that the better discrimination by China-PAR mainly came from males.

Conclusions

Ten-year ASCVD risks predicted by either China-PAR or PCE are associated with arterial stiffness. The association is stronger when the risk is predicted by China-PAR, especially in males.
A framework for graduate and postgraduate specialty pharmacy training
Authors: Cesarz Joseph L , Mott David A , Friestrom Eric D
Published: March 2021

Purpose

There is a growing need for specialty pharmacy leaders within integrated delivery networks (IDNs). Traditional training for students and residents has not met the demand for pharmacy leaders in this space. This article describes the partnership between UW Health (UWH) and the University of Wisconsin School of Pharmacy (UWSOP) in developing a specialty pharmacy elective course at UWSOP and in creating a postgraduate residency training program at UWH. Future directions for the partnership are discussed.

Members of the leaderships of UWH and UWSOP met to discuss expanding coursework related to specialty pharmacy business fundamentals at UWSOP. This meeting led to the development of a 2-credit elective course beginning in spring 2017. The course focused on marketplace economics, channel strategies, and specialty pharmacy practice development. Additionally, UWH identified the need to provide postgraduate training to meet the increasing demand across IDNs for specialty pharmacy leaders. The residency program was initiated in 2013 and received accreditation in 2016. The residency provides experience in specialty pharmacy leadership, managed care, finance, the revenue cycle, accreditation, and the supply chain. Future partnership opportunities include creation of a longitudinal student pharmacist track and joint project coordination between UWSOP students and UWH residents.

Conclusion

This partnership has provided a pathway for students to gain expertise in specialty pharmacy business fundamentals as well as postgraduate training opportunities for future specialty pharmacy leaders. IDN and school of pharmacy partnerships can expand educational opportunities for future specialty pharmacy leaders and help fulfill the market gap in specialty pharmacy leaders.
Allograft vs Xenograft Bioprosthetic Mesh in Tissue Expander Breast Reconstruction: A Blinded Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Asaad Malke , Selber Jesse C , Adelman David M , Baumann Donald P , Hassid Victor J , Crosby Melissa A , Liu Jun , Butler Charles E , Clemens Mark W
Published: March 2021

Background

With the increased use of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) in breast reconstruction, the number of available materials has increased. There is a relative paucity of high-quality outcomes data for use of different ADMs.

Objectives

The goal of this study was to compare the outcomes between a human (HADM) and a bovine ADM (BADM) in implant-based breast reconstruction.

Methods

A prospective, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate differences in outcomes between HADM and BADM for patients undergoing immediate tissue expander breast reconstruction. Patients with prior radiation to the index breast were excluded. Patient and surgical characteristics were collected and analyzed.

Results

From April 2011 to June 2016, a total of 90 patients were randomized to a mesh group, with 68 patients (HADM, 36 patients/55 breasts; BADM, 32 patients/48 breasts) included in the final analysis. Baseline characteristics were similar between the 2 groups. No significant differences in overall complication rates were identified between HADM (n = 14, 25%) and BADM (n = 13, 27%) (P = 0.85). Similar trends were identified for major complications and complications requiring reoperation. Tissue expander loss was identified in 7% of HADM patients (n = 4) and 17% of BADM patients (n = 8) (P = 0.14).

Conclusions

Similar complication and implant loss rates were found among patients undergoing immediate tissue expander breast reconstruction with HADM or BADM. Regardless of what material is used, careful patient selection and counseling, and cost consideration, help to improve outcomes and sustainability in immediate breast reconstruction.

Level of Evidence: 2
Nonsurgical Tear Trough Volumization: A Systematic Review of Patient Satisfaction
Authors: Gorbea Enrique , Kidwai Sarah , Rosenberg Joshua
Published: March 2021

Background

Nonsurgical rejuvenation of the tear trough area via the use of injectable filler material has become a popular procedure in facial rejuvenation. This procedure offers immediate, albeit temporary, results with minimal recovery time.

Objectives

The aim of this systematic review was to report on patient satisfaction and complication rates to further guide practitioners.

Methods

PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus libraries were queried for articles containing relevant terms. Articles with more than 5 patients who reported on satisfaction and/or complications from the procedure were included for review. In addition to these variables, we noted other aspects of injection, including filler material, technique, and needle or cannula delivery. Studies that did not otherwise fulfill inclusion criteria for statistical analysis but reported on intravascular injection–related complications were cited.

Results

Initial query resulted in 1655 studies which were assessed for duplicates and inclusion/exclusion criteria. After screening, 28 articles were included for analysis. In total, 1956 patients were captured who had been injected with 1 of 4 materials: hyaluronic acid (1535), calcium hydroxyapatite (376), autologous fibroblast/keratin gel (35), and collagen-based filler (10). Short- and long-term satisfaction rates were 84.4% and 76.7%, respectively. Minor complications were common (44%). Secondarily, we found the use of cannula for filler injection of this region to be associated with a lower rate of ecchymosis (7% vs 17%, P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Filler injection volumization of tear trough deformity is an effective technique for facial rejuvenation associated with high patient satisfaction. Multiple filler materials offer acceptable satisfaction and complication profiles.

Level of Evidence: 4
Impella 5.0 support before, during, and after surgical ventriculoplasty following acute myocardial infarction in the COVID-19 era: a case report
Authors: Briani Martina , Torracca Lucia , Crescenzi Giuseppe , Barbone Alessandro
Published: March 2021

Background

Left ventricular (LV) aneurysms complicate anterior myocardial infarctions (MIs) in 8–15% of cases. In case of associated LV dysfunction, rapidly evolving heart failure may follow, and urgent surgery becomes life-saving.

Case summary

Following an acute anterior MI treated by percutaneous coronary intervention, which resulted in apical hypokinesis, depressed LV function, and moderate mitral regurgitation, a 70-year-old male patient kept in contact with our cardiology department through phone calls. Over 6 weeks, the patient's conditions worsened. For fear of contracting COVID-19, he refused to attend to the Emergency Room. Conditions did not improve despite medical therapy adjustments, and he was admitted to hospital following a syncope. Computed tomography scan revealed pneumonia, and he was placed in a ‘grey’ ward while waiting for nose-swab results for COVID-19. A rapid escalation of treatment was necessary as conditions did not improve with low-dose inotropes, and he required invasive ventilation. An Impella 5.0 was implanted as support prior to surgery, was maintained during the procedure and as a means of weaning off extracorporeal circulation. Surgery was successful and Impella 5.0 was removed on postoperative Day 5.

Discussion

To date, Impella use in cardiothoracic surgery has been described in case of ventricular septal rupture or as a bridge to permanent LV assist device. In our case, Impella 5.0 was implanted, used as a bridge to surgery, and as postoperative support in a patient with evolving cardiogenic shock due to LV aneurysm and depressed LV ejection fraction following acute MI, in the difficult setting of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection with cardiogenic shock in the third trimester, and a successful early-term delivery: a case report
Authors: Wingerter Kelly E , O’Dell Kimberly R , Anglim Annemarie J , Bailey Alison L
Published: March 2021

Background 

Acute myocardial infarction in pregnancy is occasionally due to spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD). Although uncommon, the majority of cases of pregnancy-associated SCAD (pSCAD) has critical presentations with more profound defects that portend high maternal and foetal mortality, and frequently necessitate preterm delivery. This is a case of pSCAD with ongoing ischaemia that required temporary mechanical circulatory support (MCS) and emergent revascularization, while the pregnancy was successfully continued to early-term.

Case summary 

A 30-year-old woman G2P1 at Week 32 of gestation with no medical history, presented to the emergency department with severe chest pain. An electrocardiogram showed ST-segment elevation in the anterolateral leads. An emergent cardiac catheterization revealed dissection of the proximal left anterior descending (LAD) artery with TIMI (thrombolysis in myocardial infarction) 3 flow. Although initially stable, she later experienced recurrent chest pain and developed cardiogenic shock, necessitating MCS, and emergent revascularization. She was stabilized and remained closely monitored in the hospital prior to vaginal delivery at early-term.

Discussion 

This case of pSCAD at Week 32 of gestation complicated by refractory ischaemia illustrates the complexity of management, which requires a multi-disciplinary team to reduce both maternal and foetal mortality. Conservative management of SCAD, while preferred, is not always possible in the setting of ongoing ischaemia, particularly if complicated by cardiogenic shock. A thorough weighing of risks vs. benefits and ongoing discussions among multiple subspecialists in this case allowed for the stabilization of the patient and subsequent successful early-term delivery.
AlphaSimR: an R package for breeding program simulations
Authors: Gaynor R Chris , Gorjanc Gregor , Hickey John M
Published: March 2021

This paper introduces AlphaSimR, an R package for stochastic simulations of plant and animal breeding programs. AlphaSimR is a highly flexible software package able to simulate a wide range of plant and animal breeding programs for diploid and autopolyploid species. AlphaSimR is ideal for testing the overall strategy and detailed design of breeding programs. AlphaSimR utilizes a scripting approach to building simulations that is particularly well suited for modeling highly complex breeding programs, such as commercial breeding programs. The primary benefit of this scripting approach is that it frees users from preset breeding program designs and allows them to model nearly any breeding program design. This paper lists the main features of AlphaSimR and provides a brief example simulation to show how to use the software.
An RNAi screen of the kinome in epithelial follicle cells of theDrosophila melanogasterovary reveals genes required for proper germline death and clearance
Authors: Lebo Diane P V , Chirn Alice , Taylor Jeffrey D , Levan Andre , Doerre Torres Valentina , Agreda Emily , Serizier Sandy B , Lord Allison K , Jenkins Victoria K , McCall Kimberly
Published: March 2021

Programmed cell death and cell corpse clearance are an essential part of organismal health and development. Cell corpses are often cleared away by professional phagocytes such as macrophages. However, in certain tissues, neighboring cells known as nonprofessional phagocytes can also carry out clearance functions. Here, we use the Drosophila melanogaster ovary to identify novel genes required for clearance by nonprofessional phagocytes. In the Drosophila ovary, germline cells can die at multiple time points. As death proceeds, the epithelial follicle cells act as phagocytes to facilitate the clearance of these cells. We performed an unbiased kinase screen to identify novel proteins and pathways involved in cell clearance during two death events. Of 224 genes examined, 18 demonstrated severe phenotypes during developmental death and clearance while 12 demonstrated severe phenotypes during starvation-induced cell death and clearance, representing a number of pathways not previously implicated in phagocytosis. Interestingly, it was found that several genes not only affected the clearance process in the phagocytes, but also non-autonomously affected the process by which germline cells died. This kinase screen has revealed new avenues for further exploration and investigation.