bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CÂNCER DE PRÓSTATA: UMA BREVE REVISÃO ATUALIZADA
Authors: SARRIS Andrey Biff , CANDIDO Fernando José Leopoldino Fernandes , FILHO Carlos Rory Pucci , STAICHAK Rodrigo Luiz , TORRANI Allan Catarino Kiska , SOBREIRO Bernardo Passos
Published: May 2018

Introdução: A próstata é uma glândula presente em homens, cuja principal função é facilitar a fecundação. O câncer de próstata é o segundo tumor mais comum em homens no Brasil e o segundo em termos de mortalidade por câncer. Objetivo: O objetivo do artigo é realizar uma breve revisão bibliográfica atualizada sobre o câncer de próstata. Metodologia: Foi realizada pesquisa nas bases de dados “PUBMED”, “SCIELO” e “LILACS” e selecionados os artigos adequados à temática. Discussão: Diversos fatores de risco estão ligados ao desenvolvimento do câncer de próstata: etnia negra, idade avançada, histórico familiar positivo para esse tipo de câncer, exposição à testosterona e outros hormônios similares, tabagismo, obesidade, entre outros. O rastreio do câncer prostático é feito, basicamente, através de toque retal e dosagem de antígeno prostático específico (PSA). No entanto, diversas mudanças em suas recomendações foram propostas nos últimos anos, as quais serão revisadas neste artigo. O diagnóstico é feito por meio de biópsia guiada por ultrassonografia transretal, com posterior avaliação histopatológica e classificação de prognóstico com base em alguns achados. A depender do estadio estabelecido, diversas modalidades terapêuticas podem ser empregadas: acompanhamento periódico, radioterapia, cirurgia, hormonioterapia ou quimioterapia. Conclusão: Conhecer informações atualizadas sobre câncer de próstata é fundamental, visto sua prevalência e impacto na população.
Literature Review of Parenting Style to Support the Development of Adolescent Identity
Authors: Hasanah Enung , Zamroni Zamroni , Dardiri Achmad , Indartono Setyabudi , Supardi Supardi
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this literature review is to identify the pattern of family care to support the development of adolescent identity. The results of the literature review show that the pattern of parenting that is able to optimize the identity of adolescents is authoritative parenting pattern. Parents are believed to be more democratic in communicating, giving adolescent independence to think and act about something that concerns their life, and put the youth as the center of family education.
Mapping the State of the Art on Green Logistics and Institutional Pressures: A Bibliometric Study
Authors: Alvarenga Tiago Henrique De Paula , Rodriguez Carlos Manuel Taboada , Peña-Montoya Claudia Cecilia
Published: May 2018

This article aims to build knowledge on the theme “green logistics” and “institutional pressures”, focused on identifying opportunities on its research topic. We used the ProKnow-C intervention instrument, resulting in the selection of 11 relevant articles that came to represent the bibliographic portfolio. Therefore, the bibliometric indicators based on the most prominent journals, the impact factor, the number of citations, the origin of the research centers, the research methods/tools, the most used terms and the subjects covered were used to analyze the articles selected. research in the form of networks. The results showed that the most prominent journal is the International Journal of Production Economics; the article with the largest number of citations (343 citations) is written by Sameer Kumar and Valora Putnam. In relation to the origin of the research centers there was a diversity of institutions of various nationalities, the USA being the country with the largest number of institutions, followed by United Kindon and Malaysia. As for the research methods, we have identified literature reviews, case studies, surveys, conceptual framework proposal and monitoring system development. In relation to the mapping and research networks, we highlight terms such as logistic, regulatory pressure, practice, driver, economic performance, institutional pressure, among other relevant terms. In this context, this information can “shed light” on interested parties and researchers on the subject in order to conceptualize, interpret and visualize their relevance, as well as the coverage networks and related researches.
Oil Spills in the Arabian Gulf: A Case Study and Environmental Review
Authors: Issa Nivine , Vempatti Sreya
Published: May 2018

The following article is a review of oil spills in the Arabian Gulf with a focus on the Kuwait Spill during the Gulf War. The article provides some background on the events leading up to the oil spill, as well as the extent and details of the spill. Impacts on air quality, terrestrial ecology, marine ecology, socioeconomic aspects, and public health are analyzed in detail to assess the extent of damage on various environmental and social components. It was found that significant impacts were incurred on the marine and terrestrial environments, with some negative effects still persisting to our present day. Heavy economic impacts were also incurred in the form of infrastructure damage and loss of productivity. The article further provides a review of various natural, mechanical, and chemical means of remediation utilized during the clean-up efforts and provides a relative comparison of these for potential usage on similar events in the future.
Determinants Influencing Performance of Accountants: The Case of Vietnam
Authors: Do Duc Tai , Truong Duc Dinh , Tran Manh Dung , Lan Nguyen Thi Ngoc
Published: May 2018

This study is conducted to investigate the impact levels of determinants on performance of accountants in enterprises in Vietnam. Data were collected from getting 205 questionnaires from firms doing businesses in Vietnam. Based on the data collected, we use Cronbach’s Alpha, EFA and run regression model for knowing the impact levels of each independent variable on dependent variable of accountant performance. The results show that four determinants including accounting framework (PL), job satisfaction (HL), supports from firms (HT), confidence of accountants (ST) have positive relationships with accountant performance. Based on the findings, some recommendations are given for improving accountant performances of firms doing business in the context of Vietnam.
Policy-based Abstention: An Application to Brazil’s 2002 Presidential Election
Authors: Katz Gabriel
Published: May 2018

This paper implements a unified model of individual abstention and vote choice, applying it to analyze policy-based alienation and indiﬀerence in Brazil’s historical 2002 presidential election. The results indicate that both alienation and indiﬀerence have a negative impact on turnout, with indiﬀerence contributing slightly more to voter abstention. Also, the determinants of alienation and indiﬀerence diﬀer considerably, the former being determined by structural factors such as voters’ information and perceived eﬃcacy levels, while the latter was related to short-term aspects such as parties’ mobilization eﬀorts. More importantly, the evidence shows that while alienation and indiﬀerence are strongly influenced by attitudinal and protest variables, they are also aﬀected by citizens’ evaluation of candidates’ ideological locations. The main conclusion is that abstention in Brazil’s 2002 election had a policy-driven component and that spatial considerations played a substantive role in citizens’ electoral behavior, a fact that has been largely overlooked in previous research on the determinants of abstention in Latin America.
De beschermingsstichting als borger van de continuïteit?
Authors: Meulensteen D.A.G.
Published: May 2018

De beschermingsstichting als borger van de continuïteit?

In deze bijdrage onderzoekt de auteur of de beschermingsstichting kan ingrijpen indien de continuïteit van een beursgenoteerde NV in het geding is. Hierbij komen zowel de grondslag voor een dergelijk optreden als de te verwachten obstakels aan bod.
Norwid (ponownie) odkryty. O postawie autora Rzeczy o wolności słowa wobec nowoczesności
Authors: Grabowski Mateusz
Published: May 2018

Cyprian Norwid was considered by many researchers a poet of Polish Romanticism. The author of Vade-mecum was ahead of the times in which he lived, announcing and contesting the upcoming modernité at the same time. The aim of the article is not, however, to sum up research conducted so far on the modernity of Norwid’s work, but to show why late Romanticism is such an important category of description of the phenomenon of the author of Vade-mecum and what links his works created in the 1860s and 1880s with the manifestos of the birth of new poetry at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries.
Persona liryczna w wierszach Cypriana Norwida i Emily Dickinson
Authors: Samsel Karol
Published: May 2018

The study is devoted to personological analysis of the one-hundred-poem collection entitled Vade-mecum by Cyprian Norwid in the light of advanced and, above all, multidimensional research on the personology of the subject of creative activities of Emily Dickinson’s poems. Based to a large extent on Robert Weisbuch’s complex terminology from the canonical volume Emily Dickinson’s Poetry, using his typology of lyrical personas, the researcher on Norwid gains important, additional comparative literature tool allowing, e.g. the juxtaposition alongside each other of the types of poetry written by Norwid, Dickinson and Baudelaire (Norwid’s and Dickinson’s lyrical persona is – it seems – a mixture of a “wounded dialectician” and “engaging sufferer”, Baudelaire’s persona is, in turn, the marriage of features of an “engaging sufferer” and “withdrawn bard”). This is how the premodernist “theatre of personas” is created, the stronger that – which I am trying to emphasize in this text – despite appearances, it is possible to find similarities in the poetic language between the works of Norwid and Dickinson. In the same way, Norwid and Dickinson – in order to build their lyric – use a poetic function in the Jakobsonian sense: on the one hand, they strengthen and intensify its impact, on the other hand, they use it to “cover up” the phenomenon of linguistic disintegration of the world for which Modernist lyric poetry served in a special way as a detector, a kind of litmus paper.
Cyprian Norwid a Ugo Foscolo. Próba zbliżenia
Authors: Borzęcka-Wojciechewicz Kinga
Published: May 2018

The work is devoted to the comparative presentation of Ugo Foscolo and Cyprian
Norwid – two outstanding representatives of the 19th-century Polish and Italian literature,
respectively. Despite the obvious differences between them, such as belonging to different
literary generations and the ideological and national entanglements of their lives and work,
significant similarities between the artists (in the aspect of their works, biographical models
and a similar individual stigma) are thought-provoking. Moreover, the ambiguity of assigning
Norwid and Foscolo to one literary period still inspires polemics among literature researchers.
Bad Methods Drive out Good: The Curse of Imagination in Social Psychology Research
Authors: Wojciszke Bogdan , Bocian Konrad
Published: May 2018

We agree with Doliński (2018, this issue) that behavior is disappearing as an object of study of contemporary social psychology and it has been increasingly replaced by verbal declarations of imagined behaviors, which are analyzed as dependent variables. We read this as a case of a methodological version of Gresham’s law: “bad methods drive out good”. We notice a complementary trend on the side of manipulations of independent variables. Instead of manipulating real situations, researchers frequently instruct their participants to imagine these situations. In effect, social psychology drifts to studying imaginary behaviors in imagined situations and this poses a serious threat for the validity of our findings. We present one study comparing responses to imagined and actually experienced situations (concerning moral judgment and trust) and find that these two types of situation produce divergent responses. We conclude that imagined situations cannot be a source of knowledge about responses in situations that people really experience.
The Task of Social Psychology Is to Explain Behavior not Just to Observe it
Authors: Stroebe Wolfgang
Published: May 2018

Doliński (2018, this issue) deplores the decline of behavior observation in social psychology since the 1960’s and asks whether (social-) psychology is still a behavioral science. I question both, that there was a decline and that direct behavior observations are essential for a science of behavior. After all, behavior can also be inferred from outcomes and other traces of behavior. During the alleged heydays of behavioral observation, social psychology was threatened by a crisis partly precipitated by Wicker’s (1969) demonstration that verbal attitude measures were often unrelated to behavioral responses towards attitude objects. His critique was devastating, because social psychology at that time relied heavily on rating scales as dependent measure. The advance of the social cognition movement in the 1970’s was to provide social psychology with new techniques (e.g., priming, cognitive load, reaction time techniques) that eased the reliance on rating scales. At the same time, it became insufficient to merely show a relationship between an external event and a behavioral response and to rely on speculations about the internal processes that might have been responsible for this relationship. Instead, studies had to assess the cognitive and motivational processes assumed to link those external events, typically – but not always – using social cognition techniques. This required additional studies leading to a decline in the proportion of studies reporting behavioral observations. I illustrate this development with one of my own research programs and also suggest that in this example an outcome may be a more valid measure of behavior than behavioral observations.
Mentalization of Social Psychology Is a Sign of Its Maturity
Authors: Kofta Mirosław
Published: May 2018

Dariusz Doliński’ (2018, this issue) analysis strongly suggests that social psychologists are no longer interested in studying real human behavior and have switched their attention to internal cognitive processing and its interplay with motivational and affective phenomena. I propose to call this phenomenon ‘the mentalization shift’. In my commentary three issues are addressed: (i) Why has this phenomenon occured? (ii) Is it really so that we have ceased to study behavior, or rather we still do that, albeit differently? (iii) And, finally, is the mentalization of present-day social psychology something that is uniformly bad, or just a sign of the field’s maturing process? Nobody would oppose that modern social psychology offers more and more sophisticated instruments for explaining rather than for predicting and controlling human behavior. However, at an inevitable cost incurred by the advancement of our theoretical thinking, this is a sign of an increasing maturity of social psychology as a science rather than symptom of its deterioration.
Trois poètes de l’Atlantique français : Jules Laforgue, Isidore Ducasse, Jules Supervielle
Authors: Marshall Bill , Bonenfant Luc
Published: May 2018

Cet article, qui est la traduction d’une section d’un chapitre de The French Atlantic. Travels in Culture and History, propose une lecture « franco-atlantique » des oeuvres de Jules Laforgue, Isidore Ducasse et Jules Supervielle, trois poètes d’origine française nés à Montevideo, ville où ils ont chacun passé leur enfance avant de la quitter de manière définitive pour la France. Bill Marshall part de l’hypothèse selon laquelle la latinité découlant de l’imaginaire uruguayen (et sud-américain) agit comme principe architectonique dans ces oeuvres poétiques par ailleurs monumentales de l’histoire littéraire française.
Laforgue, Hamlet et Bonnefoy : déporter, reporter Montevideo
Authors: Charest Nelson
Published: May 2018

Cette étude porte sur la réécriture de « Hamlet » par Laforgue, dans ses Moralités légendaires. À partir d’une indication sur un « pavillon de Montevideo », aperçu par Laforgue à Hambourg, au retour du Danemark, nous situons sa fable dans le sillage de la critique d’Yves Bonnefoy, et notamment la notion de « readiness ». Nous proposons ensuite une relecture de la Moralité, où le personnage principal, avec les modifications que lui apporte Laforgue, représente au mieux une injonction à partir qui est vécue comme un retour aux origines, filiales notamment. Ainsi peut-on mieux comprendre le rôle de Montevideo dans l’oeuvre laforguienne : un lieu où on pourrait partir, maintenu à distance, comme horizon.
Resolving the optimal selection of a natural reserve using the particle swarm optimisation by applying transfer functions
Authors: Almonacid Boris
Published: May 2018

The optimal selection of a natural reserve (OSRN) is an optimisation problem with a binary domain. To solve this problem the metaheuristic algorithm Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) has been chosen. The PSO algorithm has been designed to solve problems in real domains. Therefore, a transfer method has been applied that converts the equations with real domains of the PSO algorithm into binary results that are compatible with the OSRN problem. Four transfer functions have been tested in four case studies to solve the OSRN problem. According to the tests carried out, it is concluded that two of the four transfer functions are apt to solve the problem of optimal selection of a natural reserve.
A data science challenge for converting airborne remote sensing data into ecological information
Authors: Marconi Sergio , Graves Sarah J. , Gong Dihong , Nia Morteza Shahriari , Le Bras Marion , Dorr Bonnie J. , Fontana Peter , Gearhart Justin , Greenberg Craig , Harris Dave J. , Kumar Sugumar Arvind , Nishant Agarwal , Prarabdh Joshi , Rege Sundeep U. , Bohlman Stephanie Ann , White Ethan P. , Wang Daisy Zhe
Published: May 2018

Ecology has reached the point where data science competitions, in which multiple groups solve the same problem using the same data by different methods, will be productive for advancing quantitative methods for tasks such as species identification from remote sensing images. We ran a competition to help improve three tasks that are central to converting images into information on individual trees: 1) crown segmentation, for identifying the location and size of individual trees; 2) alignment, to match ground truthed trees with remote sensing; and 3) species classification of individual trees. Six teams (composed of 16 individual participants) submitted predictions for one or more tasks. The crown segmentation task proved to be the most challenging, with the highest-performing algorithm yielding only 34% overlap between remotely sensed crowns and the ground truthed trees. However, most algorithms performed better on larger trees. For the alignment task, an algorithm based on minimizing the difference, in terms of both position and tree size, between ground truthed and remotely sensed crowns yielded a perfect alignment. In hindsight, this task was over simplified by only including targeted trees instead of all possible remotely sensed crowns. Several algorithms performed well for species classification, with the highest-performing algorithm correctly classifying 92% of individuals and performing well on both common and rare species. Comparisons of results across algorithms provided a number of insights for improving the overall accuracy in extracting ecological information from remote sensing. Our experience suggests that this kind of competition can benefit methods development in ecology and biology more broadly.
Impact of sensitization workshop on knowledge regarding tuberculosis among graduate students of rural area of Bareilly District
Authors: Agarwal Medhavi , Joshi Hari Shanker , Singh Ajeet Pal , Upadhyay Deepak
Published: May 2018

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health concern worldwide. It has been seen that TB control efforts worldwide are although impressive, but not sufficient. Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) are an integral and important strategy of the program to create awareness among general public. Objective:  The study was conducted to assess the impact of sensitization workshop regarding tuberculosis among graduate students of rural area of Bareilly district.Material & Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2017 to July 2017 by interviewing 146 students in a college in rural area of Bareilly district, U.P after multistage sampling. A pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect the pre-workshop and post-workshop data. The data obtained was compiled and statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 23.Results: A paired-samples t-test was conducted to analyse the impact of sensitization workshop among the students. The mean scores for knowledge regarding TB symptoms pre-workshop was 3.20 ± 1.90 and post-workshop was 5.68 ± 1.58.Conclusion: Knowledge about various aspects of TB was significantly improved after students attended a training workshop. Efforts should be geared towards education in terms of training and retraining regarding TB, as it is known that IEC activities can create awareness among students, thus eradicating the stigma and fear associated with it.
Exosomes in cancer: small vesicular transporters for cancer progression and metastasis, biomarkers in cancer therapeutics
Authors: Abak Atefe , Abhari Alireza , Rahimzadeh Sevda
Published: May 2018

Cancer progression is a polygenic procedure in which the exosomes can function as substantial roles. Exosomes are tiny, phospholipid bilayer membrane nanovesicles of endocytic derivation with a diameter of 40–100 nm. These nanovesicles can transport bioactive molecules containing mRNAs, proteins, DNA fragments, and non-coding RNAs from a donor cell to recipient cells, and cause the alteration in genetic and epigenetic factors and reprogramming of the target cells. Many diverse cell types such as mesenchymal cells, immune cells, and cancer cells can induce the release of exosomes. Increasing evidence illustrated that the exosomes derived from tumor cells might trigger the tumor initiation, tumor cell growth and progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. The secreted nanovesicles of exosomes can play significant roles in cells communicate via shuttling the nucleic acid molecules and proteins to target cells and tissues. In this review, we discussed multiple mechanisms related to biogenesis, load, and shuttle of the exosomes. Also, we illustrated the diverse roles of exosomes in several types of human cancer development, tumor immunology, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The exosomes may act as the promising biomarkers for the prognosis of various types of cancers which suggested a new pathway for anti-tumor therapeutic of these nanovesicles and promoted exosome-based cancer for clinical diagnostic and remedial procedures.
Socio-economic factors and management regimes as drivers of tree cover change in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Sujata , Shrestha Uttam B. , Bawa Kamal
Published: May 2018

Despite the local and global importance of forests, deforestation is driven by various socio-economic and biophysical factors continues in many countries. In Nepal, in response to massive deforestation, the community forestry program has been implemented to reduce deforestation and support livelihoods. After four decades of its inception, the effectiveness of this program on forest cover change remains mostly unknown. This study analyses the spatial and temporal patterns of tree cover change along with a few socio-economic drivers of tree cover change to examine the effectiveness of the community forestry program for conserving forests or in reducing deforestation. We also investigate the socio-economic factors and policy responses as manifested through the community forestry program responsible for the tree cover change at the district level. The total tree cover area in the year 2000 in Nepal was ∼4,746,000 hectares, and our analysis reveals that between 2001 and 2016, Nepal has lost ∼46,000 ha and gained ∼12,200 ha of areas covered by trees with a substantial spatial and temporal variations. After accounting socio-economic drivers of forest cover change, our analysis showed that districts with the larger number of community forests had a minimum loss in tree cover, while districts with the higher proportion of vegetation covered by community forests had a maximum gain in tree cover. This indicates a positive contribution of the community forestry program to reducing deforestation and increasing tree cover.
ВЗГЛЯД В БУДУЩЕЕ И ПРОШЛОЕ ЧЕРЕЗ ПРИЗМУ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ОБЩЕСТВЕННЫХ ПРОТИВОРЕЧИЙ*, "Общественные науки и современность"
Authors: Бызов Леонтий Георгиевич
Published: May 2018

Статья подготовлена на основе результатов массового опроса, проведенного Институтом социологии РАН в 2017 г. ежегодного мониторинга. Автор обращает внимание на существенный рост сторонников перемен за последний год, что формирует новый общественный запрос на перемены. Однако вектор этих перемен различные социальные группы видят по-своему. Анализируются ­сознание и ценности таких ключевых групп, как средний класс, молодежь, консервативное большинство, либеральное меньшинство, а внутри двух последних групп выделяются более и менее радикальные фракции. Через призму особенностей массового сознания этих групп исследуется оценка исторического прошлого. Показывается, как современные общественные противоречия способствуют формированию групповой исторической идентичности, различного отношения к важнейшим вехам исторического прошлого.
НАУЧНЫЕ ПУБЛИКАЦИИ 2017 ГОДА К СТОЛЕТИЮ ОКТЯБРЬСКОЙ РЕВОЛЮЦИИ И РОССИЙСКОЕ ОБЩЕСТВО, "Общественные науки и современность"
Authors: Фельдман Михаил Аркадьевич
Published: May 2018

В статье дан анализ наиболее примечательных статей в научных журналах 2017 г., посвященных столетию Октябрьской революции, что позволяет проследить эволюцию подходов исследователей в контексте эволюции современного российского общества. Сделан вывод о том, что расхождение взглядов исследователей на характер и причины Октябрьской революции - вполне нормальное явление до тех пор, пока не деформируется воздействием со стороны властных структур. Указаны позитивные изменения в историографии Октября 1917 г.: большинство историков ­рассматривают эти события как вариант буржуазно-демократической революции, затрудненный для понимания ультралевой, уравнительской формой революции, с первых же дней советской власти окутанной мифологическими конструкциями.
ФЕНОМЕН “НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ ДИСПРОПОРЦИОНАЛЬНОСТИ” В РАЗВИТИИ ИСТОРИИ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ МЫСЛИ: В ПОИСКАХ АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНОЙ ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИИ, "Общественные науки и современность"
Authors: Мальцев Александр Андреевич
Published: May 2018

В статье выделены и проанализированы некоторые из существующих интерпретаций феномена “национальной диспропорциональности” в развитии истории экономических учений. Предложено авторское объяснение парадокса неравномерной представленности в истории экономической мысли теоретических концепций ученых из разных стран мира. В связи с этим проанализированы такие проблемы, как связи прорывных инноваций в достижении лидерства в глобальной экономике и хозяйственной практике и процессов развития экономической мысли.
Loss of androgen receptor signaling in prostate cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) promotes CCL2‐ and CXCL8‐mediated cancer cell migration
Authors: Cioni Bianca , Nevedomskaya Ekaterina , Melis Monique H. M. , van Burgsteden Johan , Stelloo Suzan , Hodel Emma , Spinozzi Daniele , de Jong Jeroen , van der Poel Henk , de Boer Jan Paul , Wessels Lodewyk F. A. , Zwart Wilbert , Bergman Andries M.
Published: May 2018

Fibroblasts are abundantly present in the prostate tumor microenvironment (TME), including cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) which play a key role in cancer development. Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is the main driver of prostate cancer (PCa) progression, and stromal cells in the TME also express AR. High‐grade tumor and poor clinical outcome are associated with low AR expression in the TME, which suggests a protective role of AR signaling in the stroma against PCa development. However, the mechanism of this relation is not clear. In this study, we isolated AR‐expressing CAF‐like cells. Testosterone (R1881) exposure did not affect CAF‐like cell morphology, proliferation, or motility. PCa cell growth was not affected by culturing in medium from R1881‐exposed CAF‐like cells; however, migration of PCa cells was inhibited. AR chromatin immune precipitation sequencing (ChIP‐seq) was performed and motif search suggested that AR in CAF‐like cells bound the chromatin through AP‐1‐elements upon R1881 exposure, inducing enhancer‐mediated AR chromatin interactions. The vast majority of chromatin binding sites in CAF‐like cells were unique and not shared with AR sites observed in PCa cell lines or tumors. AR signaling in CAF‐like cells decreased expression of multiple cytokines; most notably CCL2 and CXCL8 and both cytokines increased migration of PCa cells. These results suggest direct paracrine regulation of PCa cell migration by CAFs through AR signaling.
Dosimetric study of GZP6 60Co high dose rate brachytherapy source
Authors: Lei Qin , Xu Anjian , Gou Chengjun , Wen Yumei , He Donglin , Wu Junxiang , Hou Qing , Wu Zhangwen
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this study was to obtain dosimetric parameters of GZP6 60Co brachytherapy source number 3. The Geant4 MC code has been used to obtain the dose rate distribution following the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) TG‐43U1 dosimetric formalism. In the simulation, the source was centered in a 50 cm radius water phantom. The cylindrical ring voxels were 0.1 mm thick for r ≤ 1 cm, 0.5 mm for 1 cm < r ≤ 5 cm, and 1 mm for r > 5 cm. The kerma‐dose approximation was performed for r > 0.75 cm to increase the simulation efficiency. Based on the numerical results, the dosimetric datasets were obtained. These results were compared with the available data of the similar 60Co high dose rate sources and the detailed dosimetric characterization was discussed.
Stretchable Optomechanical Fiber Sensors for Pressure Determination in Compressive Medical Textiles
Authors: Sandt Joseph D. , Moudio Marie , Clark J. Kenji , Hardin James , Argenti Christian , Carty Matthew , Lewis Jennifer A. , Kolle Mathias
Published: May 2018

Medical textiles are widely used to exert pressure on human tissues during treatment of post‐surgical hematoma, burn‐related wounds, chronic venous ulceration, and other maladies. However, the inability to dynamically sense and adjust the applied pressure often leads to suboptimal pressure application, prolonging treatment or resulting in poor patient outcomes. Here, a simple strategy for measuring sub‐bandage pressure by integrating stretchable optomechanical fibers into elastic bandages is demonstrated. Specifically, these fibers possess an elastomeric photonic multilayer cladding that surrounds an extruded stretchable core filament. They can sustain repetitive strains of over 100%, and respond to deformation with a predictable and reversible color variation. Integrated into elastic textiles, which apply pressure as a function of their strain, these fibers can provide instantaneous and localized pressure feedback. These colorimetric fiber sensors are well suited for medical textiles, athletic apparel, and other smart wearable technologies, especially when repetitive, large deformations are required.
Sub‐Micrometer Au@PDA‐125I Particles as Theranostic Embolism Beads for Radiosensitization and SPECT/CT Monitoring
Authors: Sun Gaofeng , Wang Tao , Li Xiao , Li Danni , Peng Ye , Wang Xiaoke , Jia Guorong , Su Weiwei , Cheng Chao , Yang Jian , Zuo Changjing
Published: May 2018

Au nanoparticles (3.8 ± 0.6 nm) are assembled to sub‐micrometer Au particles (186.3 ± 20.4 nm) and covered with adhesive polydopamine (PDA) as embolism beads (198.8 ± 23.2 nm). Radioactive iodine‐125 is labeled to Au@PDA to introduce the function of intra‐irradiation. For the therapeutic effects of Au@PDA‐125I, Au particles sensitize the radiation to MHCC97H hepatoma cells and tumor‐bearing mice. At the cellular level, after being treated with a relatively low‐dose (5 Gy) γ‐ray, Au‐sensitized radiotherapy (RT) leads to an immediate increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species, accompanying with an increase of cell apoptosis. Due to the intra‐irradiation, self‐healing of RT‐leaded DNA double‐strand breakage is suppressed, inducing a further increase of cell apoptosis after RT treatment. Likewise, 3 cycles of sensitized RT leads to a valid control of tumor volume growth, but Au@PDA‐125I has no harm or radioactive residual on or in the radiosensitive organs, including the thyroid, heart, lungs, liver, and spleen. Additionally, photons emitted from 125I and high X‐ray absorption of the Au element makes the beads suitable for single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging. Therefore, as theranostic embolism beads, Au@PDA‐125I can both enhance the therapeutic effects of external RT, and provide a real‐time SPECT/CT monitoring of therapeutic time window.
Monodisperse π–π Stacking Anthracene Dimer under Pressure: Unique Fluorescence Behaviors and Experimental Determination of Interplanar Distance at Excimer Equilibrium Geometry
Authors: Liu Haichao , Dai Yuxiang , Gao Yu , Gao Hongcheng , Yao Liang , Zhang Shitong , Xie Zengqi , Wang Kai , Zou Bo , Yang Bing , Ma Yuguang
Published: May 2018

Organic light‐emitting materials are centered on their excited states. However, excited‐state geometry is hardly solved. Herein, the planar distance of an anthracene excimer is determined by integrating a monodisperse dimeric anthracene stacking in crystal and high‐pressure technique. The crystal exhibits the pure excimer fluorescence at ambient conditions, and a unique photophysical phenomenon is observed under pressure: fluorescence peak keeps constant first and then starts a gradual redshift. The theoretical potential energy curve indicates that this starting point of redshift corresponds to the excimer equilibrium geometry, which will be innovative to determine the excited‐state π–π interplanar distance (Re) in experiment. Moreover, high‐pressure synchrotron powder X‐ray diffraction experiment tactfully determines Re = 3.330 Å at the pressure point of initial redshift. This work not only suggests the Re determination by an original pathway but also reports a unique excimer photophysics, which may provide a reference benchmark for the further theoretical and experimental studies on aromatic excimer.
Unusual Activation of Cation Disordering by Li/Fe Rearrangement in Triplite LiFeSO4F
Authors: Kim Minkyu , Kim Minkyung , Park Heetaek , Li Hong , Kang Byoungwoo
Published: May 2018

It is reported that cation disordering in triplite LiFeSO4F can be activated by Li/Fe rearrangement that results from irreversible and nondestructive structural changes during the 1st charge/discharge cycle, especially during the charge. This rearrangement decreases the number of edge‐shared FeO4F2 connection environments, compared to the pristine material. With this activation, triplite LiFeSO4F exhibits several unexpected electrochemical features in subsequent cycles; a decrease in open‐circuit voltage indicating the change in thermodynamic property, negligible volumetric change, enhanced Li diffusion, and facile phase transformation pathway. As a consequence, the cation‐disordered triplite LiFeSO4F achieves superior rate capability up to ≈66 mA h g−1 at 40 C rate (1.5 min discharge) and has excellent capacity retention for 500 cycles at 5 C charge/5 C discharge rate and for 1200 cycles at 2 C charge/2 C discharge rate. Therefore, triplite LiFeSO4F can be one of the most promising electrode materials for Li ion batteries.
Fundamental Understanding and Material Challenges in Rechargeable Nonaqueous Li–O2 Batteries: Recent Progress and Perspective
Authors: Ma Lu , Yu Tongwen , Tzoganakis Evangelos , Amine Khalil , Wu Tianpin , Chen Zhongwei , Lu Jun
Published: May 2018

Energy storage challenges have triggered growing interest in various battery technologies and electrocatalysis. As a particularly promising variety, the Li–O2 battery with an extremely high energy density is of great significance, offering tremendous opportunities to improve cell performance via understanding catalytic mechanisms and the exploration of new materials. Furthermore, focus on nonaqueous electrolyte‐based Li–O2 batteries has markedly intensified since there could be a higher probability of commercialization, compared to that of solid‐state or aqueous electrolytes. The recent advancements of the nonaqueous Li–O2 battery in terms of fundamental understanding and material challenges, including electrolyte stability, water effect, and noncarbon cathode materials are summarized in this review. Further, the current status of water impact on discharge products, possible mechanisms, and parasitic reactions in nonaqueous electrolytes are reviewed for the first time. The key challenges of noncarbon oxygen electrode materials, such as noble metals and metal oxides‐based cathodes, transition metals, transition metal compounds (carbides, oxides) based cathodes as well as noncarbon supported catalysts are discussed. This review concludes with a perspective on future research directions for nonaqueous Li–O2 batteries.
Light‐Induced Degradation of Perovskite Solar Cells: The Influence of 4‐Tert‐Butyl Pyridine and Gold
Authors: Bastos João P. , Paetzold Ulrich W. , Gehlhaar Robert , Qiu Weiming , Cheyns David , Surana Supriya , Spampinato Valentina , Aernouts Tom , Poortmans Jef
Published: May 2018

Stability is one of the key challenges for industrial scale commercialization of perovskite solar cells. In this work, a degradation mechanism that depends on materials and bias conditions of the device during light‐soaking is proposed. The observed degradation is linked to the additive 4‐tert‐butyl pyridine (tBP), crucial to the hole transport layer of most perovskite solar cells, and gold. This conclusion is reached through the statistical analysis of multiple compositional profiles of light‐soaked and nonlight‐soaked devices and by selective replacement of material layers of the device. Moreover, the rate of the light‐induced degradation is enhanced by operation at forward bias, which is required for power generation. Thus, this work stresses the need for the development of transport layers that do not require tBP, and to replace gold to produce high‐performing devices that are also stable under operating conditions.
Hybrid Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries with an Advanced Gel Cathode and Stabilized Lithium‐Metal Anode
Authors: Xu Henghui , Wang Shaofei , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: May 2018

The insulating nature of sulfur, polysulfide shuttle effect, and lithium‐metal deterioration cause a decrease in practical energy density and fast capacity fade in lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries. This study presents an integrated strategy for the development of hybrid Li‐S batteries based on a gel sulfur cathode, a solid electrolyte, and a protective anolyte composed of a highly concentrated salt electrolyte containing mixed additives. The dense solid electrolyte completely blocks polysulfide diffusion, and also makes it possible to investigate the cathode and anode independently. This gel cathode effectively traps the polysulfide active material while maintaining a low electrolyte to sulfur ratio of 5.2 mL g−1. The anolyte effectively protects the Li metal and suppresses the consumption of liquid electrolyte, enabling stable long‐term cycling for over 700 h in Li symmetric cells. This advanced design can simultaneously suppress the polysulfide shuttle, protect Li metal, and reduce the liquid electrolyte usage. The assembled hybrid batteries exhibit remarkably stable cycling performance over 300 cycles with high capacity. Finally, surface‐sensitive techniques are carried out to directly visualize and probe the interphase formed on the surface of the Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3 (LAGP) pellet, which may help stabilize the solid–liquid interface.
Cooperatives, contract farming, and farm size: The case of tomato producers in Nepal
Authors: Mishra Ashok K. , Kumar Anjani , Joshi Pramod K. , D'Souza Alwin
Published: May 2018

This study investigates the impact of contract farming (CF) through cooperatives in tomatoes on employment and economic performance of smallholders in a low‐income developing country. Using farm‐level data from Nepal and a nonparametric matching estimator, the study finds a negative and significant effect of CF on employment. However, CF through cooperatives has a positive and significant impact on profits, and yield. We find that small farms (≤0.51 ha) with contracts tend to gain in profits and yield per hectare. However, large farms (>0.85 ha) with contracts employ significantly less hired labor per hectare. Finally, our estimates reveal that, compared to independent producers, smallholder households in Nepal that engaged in CF with both input and output conditions received, on average, higher profits and yield. Findings underscore the importance of cooperatives and CF. [EconLit citations: C31, D23, Q12, Q13]
Recent advancements in esophageal cancer treatment in Japan
Authors: Tanaka Yoshihiro , Yoshida Kazuhiro , Suetsugu Tomonari , Imai Takeharu , Matsuhashi Nobuhisa , Yamaguchi Kazuya
Published: May 2018

The 11th edition of the Japanese Classification of Esophageal Cancer (EC) was published in 2017. Some correction was made in the depth of tumor invasion to be consistent with the TNM classification by the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC). With regard to surgery, short‐term safety and long‐term effectiveness under thoracotomy/video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery are expected to be proven by the Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG)1409 study. Results of nutritional management and countermeasures for adverse events not only during the perioperative period but also during EC chemotherapy were reported. From now on, the pursuit of low invasiveness and radicality is desired. Esophageal surgery is also expected to be safe at all institutions. To determine the optimal modality of preoperative treatment and a novel chemo(radio)therapy regimen for patients with distant metastasis, the results of the ongoing JCOG1109 and 0807 studies are being released. The effect of the addition of molecular targeted drugs on chemotherapy and concurrent chemoradiation has not yet improved overall survival. Immune checkpoint inhibitor drugs could offer a potential new treatment approach for patients with treatment‐refractory advanced squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network reported the results of a comprehensive genome analysis and molecular analysis of SCC and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. Further differentiation of SCC and adenocarcinoma by molecular characterization analysis may be useful for the development of clinical trials and targeted drug therapies as precision medicine. The era of ultimate minimally invasive surgery and personalized treatment has begun. Large, prospective studies will be required to confirm the value of these advancements.
A novel approach to promptly control product quality in precise distillation columns based on pressure dynamic modeling
Authors: Huang Dong , Luo Xiong‐Lin
Published: May 2018

For distillation columns, a temperature is controlled to hold product quality while the column is operated at constant pressure. In practice, absolute stability of temperature and pressure is unachievable, whereas the product quality, namely, product composition, fluctuates with the variation of them. By analyzing phase equilibrium, the composition fluctuation, caused by slight temperature and pressure variation, cannot be ignored for precise distillation column. Thus, a novel approach is proposed to improve the performance of product quality control. For preliminary, the freestanding pressure dynamic model is established via calculating vapor molar holdup. The modeling method is applied to a commercial ethylene column, and the veracity and reliability of the dynamic model is improved. For principal part, the complementary control strategy is proposed on the basis of the improved dynamic behaviors. Besides qualitative analysis, 2 scenes that contain tight control for external disturbance and transition control for internal regulating are discussed to verify the feasibility and progressiveness of product quality control with complementary structure.
Dilemmas and Conflicts of Various Professional Roles within a Human Service Agency
Authors: Sanfuentes Matías , Espinoza Thiare , Navarro Bárbara
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this article is to analyze the workplace experience of three groups of professionals at the Chilean National Service for Minors (Servicio Nacional de Menores, SENAME) through the study of the tensions and dilemmas they face in carrying out their roles. This public institution is tasked with protecting and caring for the most vulnerable children and adolescents throughout Chile. By systematically studying the subjective experience of its workers, this article opens perspectives to understand organizational dynamics operating beneath the institutional surface. Among these dynamics, there are identified the isolation and atomization of workplace relationships, the idealization of own role, the lack of emotional and professional support, and persecutory anxieties. In this context, the article describes the main “collective social defenses” that professionals employ to face high levels of anxiety and conflict that the work done in this institution stirs up.
Ermüdungsversuche an großformatigen Betonprobekörpern mit dem Resonanzprüfverfahren
Authors: Diederley Jörg , Herrmann Ralf , Marx Steffen
Published: May 2018

Der Ablauf der tatsächlichen Schädigungsentwicklung unter Berücksichtigung von Spannungsumlagerungen an ermüdungsbeanspruchten großformatigen Bauteilen wird unter Anwendung von neuen experimentellen Bauteilprüfverfahren und Messmethoden untersucht und durch numerische Simulationen validiert. Mit zunehmender Lastwechselzahl kommt es zu Veränderungen der gemessenen Dehnungen im Querschnitt. Im höchstbelasteten Bereich der Betondruckzone konnte die Degradation durch Anwendung von Ultraschalllaufzeitmessungen beobachtet werden. In der numerischen Simulation wurden Spannungsumlagerungen nachgewiesen. Durch das Resonanzprüfverfahren können Ermüdungsuntersuchungen an großen Bauteilen in hohen Lastwechselzahlbereichen sehr effektiv und effizient durchgeführt und dabei präzise Prüflasten aufgebracht werden, wodurch sich ein umfangreiches neues Untersuchungsfeld erschließen lässt. Die Ultraschalllaufzeitmessung zeigt sich als geeignete Messmethode zur Untersuchung der Betondegradation auch bei starken Erschütterungen während des Versuchs und könnte daher auch bei Versuchen an realen Bauwerken Anwendung finden.
Sarcoidosis with multiple organ involvement
Authors: Rodrigues Yve Mendes , Zanetti Gláucia , Marchiori Edson
Published: May 2018

Key Clinical Message

This is an interesting case that highlights the variability of the clinical course of sarcoidosis and the importance of the knowledge of the clinical and radiologic features of the disease for its diagnosis and management.
Fulminant eye infection in a patient with nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Koratala Abhilash , Malpartida Freddy R. , Ruchi Rupam
Published: May 2018

Key Clinical Message

Endophthalmitis is a bacterial or fungal infection inside the eye, involving the vitreous and/or aqueous humors. High index of suspicion is required for this condition in immunocompromised patients with ocular complaints as it can worsen rapidly and lead to permanent loss of vision.