bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, physical characterization and antimicrobial activity of trivalent metal Shiff base complexes
Authors: Kumar Gajendra , Kumar Dharmendra , Singh C.P. , Kumar Amit , Rana V.B.
Published: March 2010

M(III) complexes of Cr, Mn and Fe with a Schiff base derived from 2-amino-4-ethyl-5-hydroxy benzaldehyde and thiocarbohydrazide were synthesized and characterized by several techniques, including elemental analysis (C,H,N), molar conductance measurements, magnetic measurements, and electronic, mass and IR spectral studies. Based on these studies, a fivecoordinated square pyramidal geometry for all the complexes was proposed. The Schiff base ligand and the complexes were also tested for their antimicrobial activity (against the bacteria Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus megaterium, and the fungi Kluyveromyces fragilis, Rhodotorula rubra, Candida albicans and Trichoderma reesei) to assess their inhibiting potential. An attempt was also made to correlate the antimicrobial activity with the geometry of the complexes. All complexes were found to be less active against the pathogens E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. The Cr(III) complex showed the best antimicrobial activity, but the ligand alone was found to be active against the fungus T. reesei.
Molar-mass distribution of urea-formaldehyde resins of different degrees of polymerization by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry
Authors: Gavrilovic-Grmusa Ivana , Neskovic Olivera , Djiporovic-Momcilovic Milanka , Popovic Mladjan
Published: March 2010

This paper describes some results obtained in an investigation of urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins of different degrees of polymerisation by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionisation Time-of-Flight (MALDITOF) mass spectrometry (MS). MALDI-TOF MS proved to be an appropriate technique for analyzing these types of polymers, bearing in mind that the results of the analysis correspond with previous physical and chemical measurements. This technique enables a relatively swift determination of the degree of polymerisation through the monitoring of key changes in the structure of a polymer. Thus, in the analysis of UF resins, it may be possible to monitor a decrease in the intensity of the monohydroxymethyl urea (MMU) signal, which corresponds to an increase of the mass spectra values in the mass range of higher homologues, above 1000 g/mol. A noticeable difference concerns the signal intensities in the higher mass ranges (up to 1400 g/mol), which corresponds to more branched and longer homologues of the polymers. Especially, a significantly more intensive signal of MMU was registered. The average Mw of the examined samples was between 936 and 1324 g/mol, with a maximal deviation of 20%, depending on the ratios of the reactants.
Use of dispersive Raman spectroscopy to detect the cytotoxic action of viscum album in adenocarcinoma of colon
Authors: Lopes Daniela Franco , Silveira Landulfo , Sibata Marcelo Nobuo , Cunha de Carvalho Aloísio , Pacheco-Soares Cristina , Saade Jamil , Pacheco Marcos Tadeu T.
Published: March 2010

In the past decades it was noticed that there was a gradual increase in neoplasia diagnostics in animals, which are attributed to the longevity achieved by efficient vaccines, antibiotics, diagnostics, and food quality. The aliphatic oncology uses chemotherapics that are citostatic association, citostatic antibiotics, antimetabolic citostatics, and antimetabolic hormones in tumor treatment. Later on, the oncology introduced the imunomodulated antineoplasics from vegetals which belongs the viscum album. This study verified the efficiency of the extract of the injectable viscum album with concentrations D3 (0.1 μg/mL), D6 (0.1 ng/mL), D9 (0.1×10−3 ng/mL), D12 (0.1×10−6 ng/mL), and D30 (0.1×10−24 ng/mL) in culture of Caco-2 cells in vitro evaluated by correlating the spectral information obtained by dispersive Raman spectroscopy at 830 nm excitation with the cell viability determined by the Mitochondrial Activity (MTT) assay test. Results of MTT indicated that viscum album acted in the mitochondrial activity by reducing cellular viability in the Caco-2 cells in the concentrations of D3, D6, and D9. It was found that there was a good correlation of the Raman spectrum analyzed by principal components analysis, with the values of the MTT, and such result indicated that Raman could constitute in a sensitive tool for the detection of changes in the mitochondrial activity of Caco-2 cells.
Femtosecond laser micromachining and application of hot embossing molds for microfluid device fabrication
Authors: Choi Hae Woon , Bong Seon , Farson Dave F. , Lu Chunmeng , Lee L. James
Published: March 2010

Femtosecond laser micromachining was used to create microfluid channel patterns on AISI 304L stainless steel to fabricate hot embossing mold patterns. To characterize the machining process, measurements of single pulse ablation spots with pulse energies from 13 to 500 nJ were used to determine ablation threshold as 0.19 J/cm2. The volume of material removed per pulse increased steadily with pulse energy but ablation efficiency relative to the evaporation enthalpy of removed material had its maximum value of 2% at 65 nJ. Molds with fluid channel features 12 μm deep and as narrow as 8 μm wide could be machined by laser ablation. A mold with channels 75 μm wide and 10 μm deep was machined and used to emboss a microfluidic micromolecular magnetic separator pattern in polymethyl macryolate polymer.
Neuropathology of the Olfactory Mucosa in Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Yee Karen K. , Pribitkin Edmund A. , Cowart Beverly J. , Vainius Aldona A. , Klock Christopher T. , Rosen David , Feng Pu , McLean Judith , Hahn Chang-Gyu , Rawson Nancy E.
Published: March 2010

Background

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a complex heterogeneous inflammatory disease that affects the nasal cavity, but the pathological examination of the olfactory mucosa (OM) in this disease has been limited.

Methods

Nasal biopsy specimens were obtained from 20 control subjects and 50 CRS patients in conjunction with clinical assessments. Histopathology of these nasal biopsy specimens was performed and immunohistochemistry was used to characterize nonneuronal, neuronal, and inflammatory cells in the OM. These OM characteristics were then evaluated to determine the degree to which pathological features may be related to smell loss in CRS.

Results

Histopathological examination of control and CRS OM revealed changes in the normal pseudostratified olfactory epithelium (OE): intermixing of goblet cells, metaplasia to squamous-like cells, and erosion of the OE. Lower percentages of normal epithelium and olfactory sensory neurons were found in CRS OE compared with controls. Relative to other CRS patients, those with anosmia had the greatest amount of OE erosion, the highest density of eosinophils infiltrating the OE, and exhibited the most extensive abnormalities on CT and endoscopic examination, including being significantly more likely to exhibit nasal polyposis.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that OM pathology observed in nasal biopsy specimens can assist in understanding the degree of epithelial change and sensorineural damage in CRS and the potential for olfactory loss.
Treatment-Recalcitrant Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Polyps is Associated with Altered Epithelial Cell Expression of Interleukin-33
Authors: Reh Douglas D. , Wang Yadong , Ramanathan Murugappan , Lane Andrew P.
Published: March 2010

Background

Abnormalities in host mucosal immunity exist in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs), but it is unclear whether this is a cause or an effect of the eosinophilic inflammation and frequent microbial colonization that characterizes the disease. Sinonasal epithelial cells (SNECs) are critical participants in healthy antimicrobial innate immune defense. They also can promote Th2 inflammation with various mediators, including interleukin (IL)-33, which induces T helper cells to produce Th2 cytokines.

Methods

CRSwNP SNECs were obtained during sinus surgery and stored. Patients were subsequently classified as either treatment responsive or treatment recalcitrant, based on long-term outcomes of medical and surgical therapy. Epithelial cells from these patients were grown in air–liquid interface (ALI) culture and treated with IL-13, as well as the bacteria-associated molecule, CpG. Expression of IL-33 mRNA was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results

Recalcitrant CRSwNP epithelial cells had increased baseline expression of IL-33 compared with responsive CRSwNPs, which was further increased by 24-hour exposure to CpG. Treatment-responsive epithelial cells were not induced by CpG to express IL-33. Prolonged treatment with IL-13 during differentiation at the ALI diminished the baseline expression of IL-33 and prevented the subsequent induction of IL-33 by CpG.

Conclusion

Mucosal innate immunity likely plays an important role in CRSwNP pathogenesis. A definitive link between infectious triggers and the development of Th2 inflammation has been elusive. We have found constitutive IL-33 expression by SNECs in recalcitrant CRSwNPs, which can be further induced by a bacteria-associated molecular pattern. Dysregulated epithelial cell immune interactions between host and environment may contribute to Th2 inflammation in CRSwNPs.
Effectiveness of Particle Repositioning Maneuvers in the Treatment of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo: A Systematic Review
Authors: Helminski Janet Odry , Zee David Samuel , Janssen Imke , Hain Timothy Carl
Published: March 2010

Background

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common cause of vertigo.

Purpose

The purpose of this systematic review was to determine whether patients diagnosed with posterior canal (PC) BPPV, based on positional testing, and treated with a particle repositioning maneuver will show the resolution of benign paroxysmal positional nystagmus (BPPN) on the Dix-Hallpike Test performed 24 hours or more after treatment.

Data Sources

Data were obtained from an electronic search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases from 1966 through September 2009.

Study Selection

The study topics were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-RCTs, the diagnosis of PC BPPV, treatment with the particle repositioning maneuver, and outcome measured with a positional test 24 hours or more after treatment.

Data Extraction

Data extracted were study descriptors and the information used to code for effect size.

Data Synthesis

In 2 double-blind RCTs, the odds in favor of the resolution of BPPN were 22 times (95% confidence interval=3.41–141.73) and 37 times (95% confidence interval=8.75–159.22) higher in people receiving the canalith repositioning procedure (CRP) than in people receiving a sham treatment. This finding was supported by the results reported in 8 nonmasked quasi-RCTs. Studies with limited methodological quality suggested that a liberatory maneuver (LM) was more effective than a control intervention; there was no significant difference in the effectiveness of the LM and the effectiveness of the CRP; the self-administered CRP was more effective than the self-administered LM; and the CRP administered together with the self-administered CRP was more effective than the CRP administered alone. The Brandt-Daroff exercises were the least effective self-administered treatments.

Limitations

The limitations included the methodological quality of the studies, the lack of quality-of-life measures, and confounding factors in reporting vertigo.

Conclusions

Randomized controlled trials provided strong evidence that the CRP resolves PC BPPN, and quasi-RCTs suggested that the CRP or the LM performed by a clinician or with proper instruction at home by the patient resolves PC BPPN. There were no data on the effects of the maneuvers on outcomes relevant to patients.
Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress in the Metastatic Microenvironment
Authors: Ortega Ángel L. , Mena Salvador , Estrela José M.
Published: March 2010

Metastases that are resistant to conventional therapies are the main cause of most cancer-related deaths in humans. Tumor cell heterogeneity, which associates with genomic and phenotypic instability, represents a major problem for cancer therapy. Additional factors, such as the attack of immune cells or organ-specific microenvironments, also influence metastatic cell behavior and the response to therapy. Interaction of cancer and endothelial cells in capillary beds, involving mechanical contact and transient adhesion, is a critical step in the initiation of metastasis. This interaction initiates a cascade of activation pathways that involves cytokines, growth factors, bioactive lipids and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) produced by either the cancer cell or the endothelium. Vascular endothelium-derived NO and H2O2 are cytotoxic for the cancer cells, but also help to identify some critical molecular targets that appear essential for survival of invasive metastatic cell subsets. Surviving cancer cells that extravasate and start colonization of an organ or tissue can still be attacked by macrophages and be influenced by specific intraorgan microenvironment conditions. At all steps; from the primary tumor until colonization of a distant organ; metastatic cells undergo a dynamic process of constant adaptations that may lead to the survival of highly resistant malignant cell subsets. In this sequence of molecular events both ROS and RNS play key roles.
Assessment of the Effects of Flow Rate and Ionic Strength on the Performance of an Air-Cathode Microbial Fuel Cell Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Aaron Doug , Tsouris Costas , Hamilton Choo Y. , Borole Abhijeet P.
Published: March 2010

Impedance changes of the anode, cathode and solution were examined for an air-cathode microbial fuel cell (MFC) under varying conditions. An MFC inoculated with a pre-enriched microbial culture resulted in a startup time of less than ten days. Over this period, the anode impedance decreased below the cathode impedance, suggesting a cathode-limited power output. Increasing the anode flow rate did not impact the anode impedance significantly, but it decreased the cathode impedance by 65%. Increasing the anode-medium ionic strength also decreased the cathode impedance. These impedance results provide insight into electron and proton transport mechanisms and can be used to improve MFC performance.
Alcohol Trajectories over Three Years in a Swedish Residence Hall Student Population
Authors: Ståhlbrandt Henriettae , Leifman Anders , Johnsson Kent O. , Berglund Mats
Published: March 2010

Although it is known that college students have a high alcohol consumption, less is known about the long-term drinking trajectories amongst college students and, in particular, students living in residence halls, known to be high-risk drinkers. Over four consecutive years, the drinking habits of 556 Swedish residence hall students were analyzed. The main instruments for measuring outcome were AUDIT (Alcohol Use Identification Disorders Test), SIP (Short Index of Problems) and eBAC (estimated Blood Alcohol Concentration). The drinking trajectories among Swedish residence hall students showed stable and decreasing drinking patterns, with age and gender being predictors of group membership.
Versatile Biodegradable Poly(ester amide)s Derived from α-Amino Acids for Vascular Tissue Engineering
Authors: Karimi Pooneh , Rizkalla Amin S. , Mequanint Kibret
Published: March 2010

Biodegradable poly(ester amide) (PEA) biomaterials derived from α-amino acids, diols, and diacids are promising materials for biomedical applications such as tissue engineering and drug delivery because of their optimized properties and susceptibility for either hydrolytic or enzymatic degradation. The objective of this work was to synthesize and characterize biodegradable PEAs based on the α-amino acids L-phenylalanine and L-methionine. Four different PEAs were prepared using 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, and sebacic acid by interfacial polymerization. High molecular weight PEAs with narrow polydispersity indices and excellent film-forming properties were obtained. The incubation of these PEAs in PBS and chymotrypsin indicated that the polymers are biodegradable. Human coronary artery smooth muscle cells were cultured on PEA films for 48 h and the results showed a well-spread morphology. Porous 3D scaffolds fabricated from these PEAs were found to have excellent porosities indicating the utility of these polymers for vascular tissue engineering.
Towards a Guided Regeneration of Renal Tubules at a Polyester Interstitium
Authors: Minuth Will W. , Denk Lucia , Glashauser Anne
Published: March 2010

Stem/progenitor cells are promising candidates for a therapy of renal failure. However, sound knowledge about implantation and regeneration is lacking. Therefore, mechanisms leading from stem/progenitor cells into tubules are under research. Renal stem/progenitor cells were isolated from neonatal rabbit kidney and mounted between layers of polyester fleece. It creates an artificial interstitium and replaces coating by extracellular matrix proteins. Tubulogenic development is induced by aldosterone. Electron microscopy illuminates growth of tubules in close vicinity to polyester fibers. Tubules contain a differentiated epithelium. The spatial extension of tubules opens a new strategy for testing morphogenic drugs and biocompatible fleece materials.
Spectroscopy and 1μm Luminescence by Visible Quantum Cutting in Pr3+-Yb3+ Codoped Glass
Authors: Katayama Yumiko , Tanabe Setsuhisa
Published: March 2010

The quantum cutting phenomenon of a blue photon into two infrared photons is reported in glass codoped with Pr3+-Yb3+ ions. Oxyfluoride glass with compositions of 32SrF2-0.1PrF3-2.9YbF3-42SiO2-23Al2O3 were prepared, and photoluminescence properties in the range from visible to near-infrared were investigated. Evidence of several energy transfers, such as (Pr3+:3P0→1G4)→(Yb3+:2F5/2←2F7/2) and (Pr3+:1D2→3F4, 3F3)→(Yb3+:2F5/2←2F7/2), were demonstrated in the Pr3+-Yb3+ co-doped glass. By comparing excitation spectrum of the Yb3+ emission with absorption spectrum of Pr3+, we obtain direct evidence of quantum cutting by excitation to Pr3+:3PJ levels at 420 ~ 490 nm.
Gold(I) Complexes of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands Containing Benzimidazole: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Özdemir İlknur , Temelli Nazan , Günal Selami , Demir Serpil
Published: March 2010

Gold(I) N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes were obtained in good yields from the corresponding silver complexes by treatment with [AuCl(PPh3)] following the commonly used silver carbene transfer route. The silver complexes were synthesized from the benzimidazolium halide salts by the in situ reactions with Ag2O in dichloromethane as a solvent at room temperature. All gold complexes have been characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Au-NHC complexes were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungal species.
The Renin-Angiotensin System in the Development of Salt-Sensitive Hypertension in Animal Models and Humans
Authors: Rassler Beate
Published: March 2010

Hypertension is still one of the major causes of death from cardiovascular failure. Increased salt intake may aggravate the rise in blood pressure and the development of consequential damage of the heart, the vessels and other organs. The general necessity of restricted salt intake regardless of blood pressure or salt sensitivity has been a matter of debate over the past decades. This review summarizes the main pathogenic mechanisms of hypertension and salt sensitivity in rat models, particularly in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), and in patients with essential hypertension (EH). Although SHRs are commonly considered to be salt-resistant, there is much evidence that salt loading may deteriorate blood pressure and cardiovascular function even in these animals. Similarly, EH is not a homogenous disorder – some patients, but not all, exhibit pronounced salt sensitivity. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a key role in the regulation of blood pressure and salt and fluid homeostasis and thus is one of the main targets of antihypertensive therapy. This review focuses on the contribution of the RAS to the pathogenesis of salt-sensitive hypertension in SHRs and patients with EH.
Using Spatial Structure Analysis of Hyperspectral Imaging Data and Fourier Transformed Infrared Analysis to Determine Bioactivity of Surface Pesticide Treatment
Authors: Nansen Christian , Abidi Noureddine , Sidumo Amelia Jorge , Gharalari Ali Hosseini
Published: March 2010

Many food products are subjected to quality control analyses for detection of surface residue/contaminants, and there is a trend of requiring more and more documentation and reporting by farmers regarding their use of pesticides. Recent outbreaks of food borne illnesses have been a major contributor to this trend. With a growing need for food safety measures and “smart applications” of insecticides, it is important to develop methods for rapid and accurate assessments of surface residues on food and feed items. As a model system, we investigated detection of a miticide applied to maize leaves and its miticidal bioactivity over time, and we compared two types of reflectance data: fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) data and hyperspectral imaging (HI) data. The miticide (bifenazate) was applied at a commercial field rate to maize leaves in the field, with or without application of a surfactant, and with or without application of a simulated “rain event”. In addition, we collected FTIR and HI from untreated control leaves (total of five treatments). Maize leaf data were collected at seven time intervals from 0 to 48 hours after application. FTIR data were analyzed using conventional analysis of variance of miticide-specific vibration peaks. Two unique FTIR vibration peaks were associated with miticide application (1,700 cm−1 and 763 cm−1). The integrated intensities of these two peaks, miticide application, surfactant, rain event, time between miticide application, and rain event were used as explanatory variables in a linear multi-regression fit to spider mite mortality. The same linear multi-regression approach was applied to variogram parameters derived from HI data in five selected spectral bands (664, 683, 706, 740, and 747 nm). For each spectral band, we conducted a spatial structure analysis, and the three standard variogram parameters (“sill”, “range”, and “nugget”) were examined as possible “indicators” of miticide bioactivity. We demonstrated that both FTIR peaks and standard variogram parameters could be used to accurately predict spider mite mortality, but linear multi-regression fits based on standard variogram parameters had the highest accuracy and were successfully validated with independent data. Based on experimental manipulation of HI data, the use of spatial structure analysis in classification of HI data was discussed.
Infrared Spectroscopy on Smoke Produced by Cauterization of Animal Tissue
Authors: Gianella Michele , Sigrist Markus W.
Published: March 2010

In view of in vivo surgical smoke studies a difference-frequency-generation (DFG) laser spectrometer (spectral range 2900–3144 cm-1) and a Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer were employed for infrared absorption spectroscopy. The chemical composition of smoke produced in vitro with an electroknife by cauterization of different animal tissues in different atmospheres was investigated. Average concentrations derived are: water vapor (0.87%), methane (20 ppm), ethane (4.8 ppm), ethene (17 ppm), carbon monoxide (190 ppm), nitric oxide (25 ppm), nitrous oxide (40 ppm), ethyne (50 ppm) and hydrogen cyanide (25 ppm). No correlation between smoke composition and the atmosphere or the kind of cauterized tissue was found.
Acquiring Authentic Data in Unattended Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Yu Chia-Mu , Chen Chi-Yuan , Lu Chun-Shien , Kuo Sy-Yen , Chao Han-Chieh
Published: March 2010

An Unattended Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN) can be used in many applications to collect valuable data. Nevertheless, due to the unattended nature, the sensors could be compromised and the sensor readings would be maliciously altered so that the sink accepts the falsified sensor readings. Unfortunately, few attentions have been given to this authentication problem. Moreover, existing methods suffer from different kinds of DoS attacks such as Path-Based DoS (PDoS) and False Endorsement-based DoS (FEDoS) attacks. In this paper, a scheme, called AAD, is proposed to Acquire Authentic Data in UWSNs. We exploit the collaboration among sensors to address the authentication problem. With the proper design of the collaboration mechanism, AAD has superior resilience against sensor compromises, PDoS attack, and FEDoS attack. In addition, compared with prior works, AAD also has relatively low energy consumption. In particular, according to our simulation, in a network with 1, 000 sensors, the energy consumed by AAD is lower than 30% of that consumed by the existing method, ExCo. The analysis and simulation are also conducted to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed AAD scheme over the existing methods.
Toxins–Useful Biochemical Tools for Leukocyte Research
Authors: Cubillos Susana , Norgauer Johannes , Lehmann Katja
Published: March 2010

Leukocytes are a heterogeneous group of cells that display differences in anatomic localization, cell surface phenotype, and function. The different subtypes include e.g., granulocytes, monocytes, dendritic cells, T cells, B cells and NK cells. These different cell types represent the cellular component of innate and adaptive immunity. Using certain toxins such as pertussis toxin, cholera toxin or clostridium difficile toxin, the regulatory functions of Gαi, Gαs and small GTPases of the Rho family in leukocytes have been reported. A summary of these reports is discussed in this review.
Effects of Aflatoxin B1 and Fumonisin B1 on Blood Biochemical Parameters in Broilers
Authors: Tessari Eliana N. C. , Kobashigawa Estela , Cardoso Ana Lúcia S. P. , Ledoux David R. , Rottinghaus George E. , Oliveira Carlos A. F.
Published: March 2010

The individual and combined effects of dietary aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) on liver pathology, serum levels of aspartate amino-transferase (AST) and plasma total protein (TP) of broilers were evaluated from 8 to 41 days of age. Dietary treatments included a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement with three levels of AFB1 (0, 50 and 200 μg AFB1/kg), and three levels of FB1 (0, 50 and 200 mg FB1/kg). At 33 days post feeding, with the exception of birds fed 50 mg FB1 only, concentrations of AST were higher (p < 0.05) in all other treatment groups when compared with controls. Plasma TP was lower (p < 0.05) at six days post feeding in groups fed 200 mgAFB1/kg alone or in combination with FB1. At day 33 days post feeding, with the exception of birds fed the highest combination of AFB1 and FB1 which had higher plasma TP than control birds, plasma TP of birds fed other dietary treatments were similar to controls. Broilers receiving the highest levels of AFB1 and FB1 had bile duct proliferation and trabecular disorder in liver samples. AFB1 singly or in combination with FB at the levels studied, caused liver damage and an increase in serum levels of AST.
Does Peritoneal Dialysis Affect Halitosis in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease?
Authors: Keles Mustafa , Tozoglu Ummuhan , Uyanik Abdullah , Eltas Abubekir , Bayindir Yusuf Ziya , Cetinkaya Ramazan , Bilge Osman Murat
Published: March 2010

Objective

There are various causes of halitosis, one of which is chronic renal failure. The objective of this study was to investigate halitosis levels in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients before and after peritoneal dialysis (PD) therapy.

Methods

42 subjects with ESRD were included in this study. The presence of halitosis was assessed using an organoleptic measurement and compared with blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels and salivary flow rates. Decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index and Community Periodontal Index (CPI) were calculated. All measurements were done before and after patients had received 3 months of PD therapy.

Results

Mean serum BUN level was found to be lower (46.05 ± 13.30 vs 91.24 ± 31.28 mg/dL), salivary flow rate higher (0.34 ± 0.07 vs 0.26 ± 0.04 mL/minute), and halitosis level lower (2.39 ± 0.60 vs 3.90 ± 0.37) at the end of 3 months of PD therapy than at the beginning of PD therapy. There was no significant difference in CPI or DMFT index before and after PD therapy (p > 0.05). There was statistically significant positive correlation between the presence of halitosis and BUN levels ( r = 0.702, p = 0.001 before PD; r = 0.45, p = 0.002 after PD) and a negative correlation between the presence of halitosis and salivary flow rates ( r = -0.69, p = 0.000 before PD; r = -0.37, p = 0.01 after PD).

Conclusion

High BUN levels and low salivary flow rates were found to be associated with halitosis. PD may play an important role in decreasing the level of halitosis in ESRD patients.
The Effect of Weather on Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) Prescription: Seasonal Variation in PD Dialysate Utilization
Authors: Chen Tzen-Wen , Li Szu-Yuan , Chen Tzeng-Ji , Chen Yu-Chun , Lai Chiu-Ling , Chen Jinn-Yang , Chou Li-Fang
Published: March 2010

♦ Background

There have been no reports on peritoneal dialysis (PD) solution utilization since this treatment was developed in the 1920s. The aim of the present investigation was to investigate if weather affects PD prescription.

♦ Study Design and Methods

This 10-year observational study used the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Setting and Participants: Claims for different concentrate PD dialysate were analyzed monthly. 2.5% and 4.25% PD solutes were defined as hypertonic solutions. Predictor: Monthly outdoor mean temperature. Outcome and Measurement: The relationship between monthly mean of PD dialysate utilization and monthly outdoor temperature was analyzed by linear regression. Monthly mean PD dialysate utilization amount in 4 quarters was analyzed by ANOVA.

♦ Results

During the 10-year study period, a clear seasonal variation in PD dialysate was observed. This seasonal variation was present regardless of age, gender, and the presence of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Monthly mean temperature was positively correlated to 1.5% dialysate utilization amount ( r = 0.559, p < 0.001) and negatively correlated to 2.5% ( r = –0.533, p < 0.001) and 4.25% ( r= –0.410, p < 0.001) dialysate utilization amount. In longitudinal follow-up, hypertonic PD fluid utilization was higher in diabetic patients than in nondiabetic patients from the beginning of treatment. Thereafter, it increased rapidly and reached a plateau within 1 year. Limitations: Analysis of ultrafiltration amount, blood pressure, and body weight was unfeasible due to the nature of the database.

♦ Conclusions

The utilization of differential strengths of PD solutions has a seasonal cyclic pattern, with more hypertonic PD solution utilized in winter and more hypotonic PD solution in summer.
Feasibility of Internet Training for Care Staff of Residents with Dementia: The CARES
®
Program
Authors: Hobday John V. , Savik Kay , Smith Stan , Gaugler Joseph E.
Published: March 2010

This study evaluated an Internet-based training module, CARES
®
(
C
onnect with the resident;
A
ssess behavior;
R
espond appropriately;
E
valuate what works;
S
hare with the team), to determine its feasibility for certified nursing assistants (CNAs) in three nursing homes and one assisted living facility. Pre- and posttest questionnaires were administered to 40 CNAs to determine improvements in dementia care knowledge and perceptions of competence in dementia care. Dementia care knowledge improved significantly after CARES training. More than 85% of the sample agreed or strongly agreed that the CARES protocol improved mastery, improved care competency, and reduced stress related to care of residents with dementia. Open-ended feedback indicated that CARES provided CNAs with new information and skills pertaining to dementia care. The results suggest that Internet-based programs such as CARES represent time- and cost-efficient methods to deliver dementia care training in long-term care settings.
We've Got Trouble: Medications in Assisted Living
Authors: Woods Diana Lynn , Guo Guifang , Kim Haesook , Phillips Linda R.
Published: March 2010

The rise in assisted living facilities (ALFs), coupled with residents with increasingly complex conditions, leads to unanticipated problems linked to medication management. The purpose of this study was to describe one western state's scope of medication-related problems, the relationship of problems to facility characteristics, and the nature of the problems using state surveyors' reports from routine inspections and complaint investigations. Of the 1,335 ALFs surveyed for 2007–2008, 61.8% received a medication-related citation. Of the 1,558 allegations, 60.3% involved individual residents, with 25.2% of these being medication related. The variability in state regulations obscures an accurate understanding of the problem. Complex medication regimens delivered by unlicensed assistive personnel place residents at risk for negative health consequences. More nursing oversight is critically needed to ensure the health and safety of the new generation of ALF residents.
Combination of the AO-Magerl and Load-Sharing Classifications for the Management of Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures
Authors: Katonis Pavlos , Pasku Dritan , Alpantaki Kalliopi , Mavrogenis Andreas F. , Korres Demetrios S. , Sapkas George S. , Papagelopoulos Panayiotis J.
Published: March 2010

The AO-Magerl classification is widely accepted for the appropriate management of patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures; however, it fails to assess the ability of the injured spine to withstand compressive loading and cannot predict instrumentation failure after short-segment posterior fixation. The load-sharing classification depends on the degree of comminution and apposition of bony fragments.

We retrospectively classified according to both classifications 100 consecutive patients with 1-level thoracolumbar burst fractures treated nonoperatively or operatively within a 7-year period. Sixty neurologically intact patients (60%) were treated nonoperatively, 15 (15%) had short posterior instrumentation, 15 (15%) had short anterior instrumentation, and 10 (10%) had combined short posterior instrumentation and anterior strut grafting. Twenty-five of the 40 (60%) surgically treated patients had neurological impairment on admission. Clinical outcome was assessed using a pain and working ability scale. Mean follow-up was 52 months (range, 24–70 months). Function was satisfactory in 55 (92%) nonoperatively treated patients and in 33 (83%) surgically treated patients. Neurological improvement by American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grade was observed in patients with incomplete paraplegia (70% of neurologically impaired patients) who were treated operatively.

The combination of AO-Magerl and load-sharing classifications provides for accurate selection of treatment, surgical approach, and length of instrumentation, and can guide the decision for additional anterior surgery.
Morphology of the Tibialis Anterior Muscle and Its Implications in Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis of Tibial Fractures
Authors: Tesch Norbert Peter , Grechenig Wolfgang , Heidari Nima , Pichler Wolfgang , Grechenig Stephan , Weinberg Annelie Martina
Published: March 2010

We examined the variation in the origin of the tibialis anterior muscle from the lateral aspect of the tibial shaft and interosseous membrane as well as the variation in the morphology of its musculotendinous junction. Forty cadaveric lower leg specimens (20 right and 20 left) were dissected to reveal the anterior compartment. The origin of the tibialis anterior muscle and its relation to the lateral tibial shaft and interosseous membrane were determined. The position of the musculotendinous junction relative to the medial malleolus was also measured. Tibial length ranged from 29.5 to 45 cm (mean, 36.5±3.1 cm). The distal limit of the muscle origin was 5.9 to 20.5 cm (mean, 12.1±3.3 cm) from the tip of the medial malleolus. The distance between the musculotendinous junction and the medial malleolus ranged from 1.4 to 10.8 cm (mean, 6.1±1.9 cm). The attachment of the muscle belly ends between 15.3 and 31.8 cm (mean, 24.4±4.1 cm) distally from the joint line at the knee. There was no statistical correlation between tibial length and muscle morphology.

This variation warrants consideration in the percutaneous insertion of screws in the distal end of long plates, as the neurovascular bundle may be injured in patients with a shorter muscle belly. We advocate an open distal approach to protect the neurovascular bundle during insertion of the plate and distal screws.
Outcome of Infected Total Joint Replacement
Authors: Ritter Merrill A. , Farris Alex
Published: March 2010

Numerous protocols are used to treat an infected total joint arthroplasty. We evaluated survival outcomes of patients with infected total joint arthroplasties over 35 years to determine if one treatment is more effective than others.

Of 17,561 total joint arthroplasties performed at our facility, 116 (0.66%) were diagnosed with deep infection, 22 of which (18.97%) were hematogenous. Success rates among resection, 1-stage, and 2-stage reimplantation arthroplasty were compared in each joint, as were organism types. After excluding 8 patients (6.9%) who died within 1 year of final treatment and 8 lost to follow-up, 30 hips and 70 knees were studied. Seventeen hips were treated with 2-stage arthroplasty; 70.6% succeeded after the first attempt, and 82.4% succeeded after the second. Fifty-one 2-stage knees had 54.9% success after the first attempt and 66.7% success after the second. Five of 5 hips treated with 1-stage arthroplasty succeeded after the first attempt, while 1 of 3 one-stage knees succeeded after the first attempt; none of these 8 joints had a hematogenous infection. No joints requiring a third treatment were successful after the third attempt. There were no differences in survival between different bacteria.

Treatment of deep prosthetic joint infection is difficult once the first attempt has failed and becomes more so after failure of the second attempt. Two-stage arthroplasty provides good results in most cases (82% in hips, 67% in knees), but a third attempt does not increase these percentages. The organism type does not significantly affect success in infected joint treatment.
Non-drainage Is Better Than 4-Hour Clamping Drainage in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Tai Ta-Wei , Jou I-Ming , Chang Chih-Wei , Lai Kuo-An , Lin Chii-Jeng , Yang Chyun-Yu
Published: March 2010

The role of wound drainage in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is controversial. The use of drainage was believed to be effective in decreasing hematoma formation, but it inevitably increases bleeding because the tamponade effect of a closed and undrained wound is eliminated. Clamping the drain tube in the first 4 hours after TKA can temporarily recreate a tamponade effect for bleeding control. Previous studies compared the clamping drainage with the conventional drainage method but not with non-drainage. Some current studies have shown that drainage in TKA is not necessary. Thus, we conducted a study to compare the outcomes between the patients with temporarily clamping drainage and without drainage.

One hundred consecutive patients undergoing primary TKA were included. Change of hemoglobin, blood transfusion, use of narcotics, postoperative wound dressing, length of hospital stay, and range of motion were recorded. The drain-clamping group demonstrated more postoperative hemoglobin loss and a longer hospital stay, and gained no benefit compared with the non-drain group. Therefore, we concluded that despite clamping for 4 hours after TKA, the drain was still of no use. We would not recommend using a draining system routinely after TKA.
Hip Resurfacing as Treatment for Synovial Chondromatosis
Authors: Ligato April , Nelson Scott , Bengs Benjamin C.
Published: March 2010

Synovial chondromatosis is a rare condition of metaplastic cartilage development in the synovial membrane of joints. These foci can form free bodies and lead to mechanical arthrosis. The precise etiology is unknown. All synovial joints can be affected, with the hip and knee being most common. Patients with synovial chondromatosis are usually in their fifth decade and typically present with mechanical pain and diffuse swelling. Due to its rarity and nonspecific manifestations, diagnosis of synovial chondromatosis is often delayed until significant mechanical damage and arthrosis has occurred.

Controversy exists regarding surgical treatment of synovial chondromatosis, especially with regard to the hip. Localized disease can be treated with resection of affected synovium (possibly arthroscopically), whereas patients with generalized disease require complete, open synovectomy. With articular damage, total hip replacement has been advocated along with synovectomy.

This article presents a case of a young man with painful hip synovial chondromatosis who was successfully treated with hip resurfacing and synovectomy after failed hip arthroscopy. Hip resurfacing provides the surgeon with the opportunity to address not only local or generalized synovial disease, but articular damage as well. Furthermore, its bone-preserving properties make this option attractive in the management of this younger patient population. We feel resurfacing has a role in the surgical treatment of synovial chondromatosis. To our knowledge, this is the first case of hip resurfacing arthroplasty for the definitive treatment of synovial chondromatosis.
Arthroscopically Assisted Two-stage Cementation Technique for a Periarticular Knee Lesion
Authors: Christoforou Dimitrios , Golant Alexander , Ort Paul J.
Published: March 2010

Managing skeletal metastatic disease can be a challenging task for the orthopedic surgeon. In patients who have poor survival prognoses or are poor candidates for extensive reconstructive procedures, management with intralesional curettage and stabilization with bone cement with or without internal fixation to prevent development or propagation of a pathologic fracture may be the best option. The use of bone cement is preferable over the use of bone graft, as it allows for immediate postoperative weight bearing on the affected extremity.

This article describes a case where the combined use of arthroscopy and a 2-stage cementation technique may allow preservation of the articular surface and optimization of short-term functional outcome after curettage of a periarticular metastatic lesion in a patient with an end-stage malignancy. We used knee arthroscopy to identify any articular penetration or intra-articular loose bodies after curettage and initial cementation of the periarticular lesion of the distal femur. Arthroscopic evaluation was carried out again after the lesion was packed with cement to identify and remove any loose intra-articular debris. The applicability of this technique is broad, and it can be used in any procedure involving cement packing in a periarticular location. Performed with caution, this technique can be a useful adjunct to surgical management of both malignant and locally aggressive benign bone lesions in periarticular locations.
Endoscopic Pubic Symphysectomy for Reclacitrant Osteitis Pubis Associated With Bilateral Femoroacetabular Impingement
Authors: Matsuda Dean K.
Published: March 2010

This is the first reported case of the completely endoscopic management of osteitis pubis with pubic symphysectomy. A 31-year-old woman suffered from recalcitrant osteitis pubis that had progressed to an end-stage autofused condition. Ossified pubic symphyseal fibrocartilage and adjacent heterotopic bone were endoscopically removed as part of a comprehensive surgery that also involved bilateral arthroscopic surgery for symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement. An innovative dual-portal (anterior and supra-pubic) endoscopic technique is presented along with the rationale for the preservation of the inferior (arcuate) pubic ligament and the posterior pubic ligament. Twelve months following this single-stage surgery, the patient reported high satisfaction with decreased pain, improved function, and resolution of a classic waddling gait. The association of intra-articular hip pathology with osteitis pubis is noted. We believe that this minimally invasive bone-conserving surgery may be useful in the management of recalcitrant osteitis pubis and perhaps find broader application in the outpatient endoscopic treatment of athletes afflicted with this condition.
Diagnosis and pathogenesis of Congenital X-Linked Retinoschisis With Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Dhingra Sumit , Patel C. K.
Published: March 2010

This study shows how optical coherence tomography has been valuable in the diagnosis of congenital X-linked retinoschisis. An infant with convergent strabismus underwent serial optical coherence tomography examinations that helped to make the diagnosis of congenital X-linked retinoschisis. Optical coherence tomography is useful in the diagnosis of congenital X-linked retinoschisis and adds new information about pathogenesis. The authors recommend the use of optical coherence tomography in pediatric retinal disease, even if the macula appears normal on indirect ophthalmoscopy.
[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2010;47:105–107.]
Spontaneous Bilateral Anterior Lens Dislocation in an 8-Year-Old Girl
Authors: Ismail Shatriah , Khairy-Shamel Sonny-Teo , Hussein Adil , Shaharuddin Bakiah , Embong Zunaina , Ibrahim Mohtar
Published: March 2010

The authors describe recurrent lens dislocation into the anterior chamber in a young girl with homocystinuria. The patient's 12-year-old sister died after a cerebrovascular accident caused by the same disease. This report highlights the importance of early dietary restrictions and treatment.
[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2010;47:111–113.]
Pediatric Ocular Rosacea
Authors: Mavrakanas Nikolaos , Schutz James S. , Dosso André A.
Published: March 2010

A case of severe pediatric ocular rosacea was effectively treated after 2.5 years of misdiagnosis. A high index of suspicion should be maintained in children with ocular surface disease, with or without dermatologic rosacea, to correctly diagnose ocular rosacea and avoid morbidity and complications.
[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2010;47:117–120.]
Bilateral Primary Congenital Glaucoma in Monozygotic Twins
Authors: Ben-Zion Itay , Bogale Ameha , Moore Daniel B. , Helveston Eugene M.
Published: March 2010

Primary congenital glaucoma is an uncommon pediatric ocular disease contributing to a disproportionately high percentage of childhood blindness worldwide. This case report describes bilateral primary congenital glaucoma in monozygotic twins who first presented to an ophthalmologist in Ethiopia at 6 years of age. Both had severe, protracted disease, with only moderate improvement after surgical intervention.
[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2010;41:124–126.]
Caring with Comfort Rooms: Reducing Seclusion and Restraint Use in Psychiatric Facilities
Authors: Cummings Kathleen S. , Grandfield Sylvia A. , Coldwell Craig M.
Published: March 2010

The reduction of seclusion and restraint is a national patient safety focus in psychiatric settings. Studies have demonstrated that multisensory or comfort rooms contribute to higher consumer satisfaction and lower rates of seclusion and restraint in general hospitals. As an alternative to the traditionally uncomfortable time-out room, a comfort room was constructed on an acute adult inpatient unit. This space was designed with comfortable furniture, soothing colors, soft lighting, quiet music, and other sensory aids to help reduce unsettled patients' level of stress. The frequency and duration of seclusion and restraint use on the pilot unit was studied before and after implementation of the comfort room. The use of seclusion and restraint was also compared with a similar admission unit without a comfort room. Results supported the hypothesis that the presence of a comfort room significantly reduced seclusion and restraint, and that the use of the comfort room helped reduce patients' stress.