bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenges and opportunities in the management of cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Sarma Himangshu , Sahariah Jon , Devi Rajlakhsmi , Sharma Hemanta
Published: February 2023

In the 21st century, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) constitute the leading cause of death. It is difficult for potential CVD therapies to be successful since CVDs cannot be effectively or cheaply treated with existing therapy. To formulate and transport therapeutically active molecules to treat a variety of ailments, innovative drug delivery carrier systems have emerged as an efficient method. Their applications have a potential role in routine drug discovery. Heart failure has been studied using a variety of novel treatment approaches, such as cell transplantation, gene transfer or therapy, cytokines, or other small molecules. This review briefly highlights key points in the management of CVDs.
A beginner’s guide to molecular docking
Authors: Zothantluanga James H. , Chetia Dipak
Published: February 2023

In this opinion, the basics of molecular docking (MD) such as binding affinity, binding pose, and ligand interactions with common docking-related terminologies (Apo protein, positive control, native ligand, co-crystal inhibitors) are discussed. We have provided different figures to aid in the graphical interpretation of the discussed literature. Following this, a few advantages (simplicity, fast, applicability) and disadvantages of MD are highlighted. This opinion will benefit bachelor and master students (or anyone) that are interested in learning the technique of MD. We encourage the sensible use of the MD technique and strict analysis to avoid interpretation errors in the results. The binding affinity, binding pose, and ligand interactions should be collectively considered during the result analysis. For every study, we strongly recommend a strict validation of the docking protocols.
Designing Visual Communications Virtual Reality matters in healthcare industry.
Authors: Ma Yaqi
Published: February 2023

Designing visual communications for virtual reality (VR) is a growing area of interest in the healthcare industry, as it has the potential to revolutionize the way medical professionals train, communicate, and treat patients. The use of VR in healthcare can provide an immersive experience that allows users to interact with medical data and visualizations in a more intuitive and natural way. Visual communications design is essential to the effective implementation of VR in healthcare. By designing effective and engaging VR content, medical professionals can enhance their communication with patients, improve their training and decision-making, and ultimately provide better care. In the healthcare industry, VR can be used for a range of applications, such as patient education, medical training, and virtual consultations. By using VR, patients can have a more comprehensive understanding of their medical conditions, which can improve their overall health outcomes. Additionally, VR can provide medical professionals with hands-on training and the ability to practice complex procedures in a safe and controlled environment.
Application of Virtual Reality Technology and Its Impact On Digital Health In Healthcare Industry.
Authors: Wenli Lian
Published: February 2023

The application of virtual reality (VR) technology in the healthcare industry has gained momentum in recent years and has the potential to revolutionize the way healthcare is delivered. VR technology offers an immersive experience that allows medical professionals and patients to visualize and interact with medical data more intuitively and naturally, which can improve diagnosis, treatment, and overall patient outcomes. Digital health is an emerging field that combines technology and healthcare to improve patient outcomes, reduce costs, and enhance the overall delivery of care. The application of VR technology in digital health is rapidly expanding and can be used in various areas of healthcare, including patient education, medical training, and simulation. The impact of VR on digital health can be seen in a variety of ways, such as improved patient engagement, better patient outcomes, and more efficient and effective medical training. VR can be used to create interactive and engaging educational experiences for patients, which can help them better understand their medical conditions and treatments. Additionally, VR technology can provide medical professionals with hands-on training and the ability to practice complex procedures in a safe and controlled environment. Moreover, the use of VR in telemedicine can enhance the patient experience by providing a more immersive and engaging interaction with healthcare professionals. This can help to improve the overall delivery of care and can lead to better health outcomes. Overall, the application of virtual reality technology in digital health represents a promising opportunity for medical professionals to transform the way healthcare is delivered. By leveraging the power of VR, medical professionals can improve patient outcomes, enhance training and decision-making, and ultimately enhance the quality of care provided to patients.
El ‘coaching’ en comunicación: una formación necesaria
Authors: Santa María Rosario
Published: February 2023

La pandemia ha dejado pocas cosas buenas, pero una de ellas ha sido la de posicionar la comunicación como una herramienta fundamental dentro de las organizaciones. En un momento en el que no podíamos acudir a la oficina o lo hacíamos con restricciones, se pudo constatar que la comunicación es esencial a la hora de propiciar la colaboración y la implicación imprescindibles para el buen funcionamiento de cualquier entidad.
Isolated attosecond pulse generation from the interaction of intense laser pulse with solid density plasma
Authors: Wang Yun-Liang , Yan Xue-Qing ,   School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China,   State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China,   Beijing Laser Acceleration Innovation Center, Beijing 101407, China,   Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
Published: February 2023

This article gives an overview on recent progress in the generation of isolated attosecond pulse and isolated half-cycle attosecond pulse. As an isolated attosecond pulse is preferred in the pump-probe experiments for the dynamics of electrons in atom, molecule, or solid, we focus on the isolated attosecond pulses generation from the intense laser pulses interaction with solid density plasma, which have higher intensity and narrower pulse width than that generated in the interaction of laser pulse with gas target. We have firstly discussed the physical mechanism of isolated attosecond pulse generation, such as polarization gating, two-color laser pulses, attosecond light houses, and capacitor target mechanism. In the polarization gating mechanism, we have discussed the physical mechanism that the higher-order harmonic efficiency decreases with the increase of ellipticity. Both the coherent synchrotron radiation mechanism and the relativistic oscillation mechanism can control the intensity of high-order harmonic generation by controlling ellipticity of the incident laser pulse. We also discussed other mechanism to enhance the isolated attosecond pulse bursts in detail. Secondly, we focus on the isolated half-cycle attosecond pulses, which can also be generated from the intense laser pulses interaction with solid density plasma by double foil target mechanism, gas-foil target mechanism, cascaded generation mechanism, microstructured target mechanism, and three-color laser pulse mechanism. The half-cycle attosecond pulses can be useful for probing ultrafast electron dynamics in matter via asymmetric manipulation. Accordingly we discussed the physcial mechanism, experimental feasibility, calibration measurement, and application prospect of half-cycle attosecond pulse in this article. The above mechanism can directly generate ultra-intense isolated attosecond pulses in the transmission direction without requiring extra filters and gating techniques. The dense electron sheet is crucial for the generation of intense attosecond pulses in different mechanisms, such as coherent wake emission (CWE), relativistic oscillating mirror (ROM) and coherent synchrotron emission (CSE). In this article, all the mechanism for half-cycle attosecond pulses generation can ensure only one electron sheet contributing to the transmitted radiation. We discuss the theoretical model of nanobunching of the electron sheet, which shows that the relativistic oscillation is crucial for the formation of electron sheet.
When fixation creates fiction
Authors: Miné-Hattab Judith
Published: February 2023

A chemical regularly used to image cells can dramatically alter the way cellular compartments called condensates look under the microscope.
Diversity and structural analysis of rhizosphere soil microbial communities in wild and cultivated Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae and their effects on the accumulation of active components
Authors: Song Pingping , Liu Junling , Huang Peng , Han Zhili , Wang Dianlei , Sun Nianxia
Published: February 2023

Rhizosphere microorganisms are the main factors affecting the formation of high quality medicinal materials and promoting the accumulation of secondary metabolites. However, the composition, diversity, and function of rhizosphere microbial communities in endangered wild and cultivated Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (RAM) and their relationships with active component accumulation have remained unclear. In this study, high-throughput sequencing and correlation analysis were used to study the rhizosphere microbial community diversity (bacteria and fungi) of three RAM species and its correlation with the accumulation of polysaccharides, atractylone, and lactones (I, II, and III). A total of 24 phyla, 46 classes, and 110 genera were detected. The dominant taxa were Proteobacteria, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota. The microbial communities in both wild and artificially cultivated soil samples were extremely species-rich, but there were some differences in their structure and the relative abundances of microorganism taxa. Meanwhile, the contents of effective components in wild RAM were significantly higher than those in cultivated RAM. Correlation analysis showed that 16 bacterial and 10 fungal genera were positively or negatively correlated with active ingredient accumulation. These results showed that rhizosphere microorganisms could play an important role in component accumulation and might lay a foundation for future research on endangered materials.
Advances in the study of aerobic glycolytic effects in resistance to radiotherapy in malignant tumors
Authors: Liu Yuyi , Feng Zhengfu , Zhang Pingmei , Chen Honghao , Zhu Song , Wang Xin
Published: February 2023

Aerobic glycolysis is a metabolic mode of tumor cells different from normal cells that plays an important role in tumor proliferation and distant metastasis. Radiotherapy has now become a routine and effective treatment for many malignancies, however, resistance to radiotherapy remains a major challenge in the treatment of malignant tumors. Recent studies have found that the abnormal activity of the aerobic glycolysis process in tumor cells is most likely involved in regulating chemoresistance and radiation therapy resistance in malignant tumors. However, research on the functions and mechanisms of aerobic glycolysis in the molecular mechanisms of resistance to radiotherapy in malignant tumors is still in its early stages. This review collects recent studies on the effects of aerobic glycolysis and radiation therapy resistance in malignant tumors, to further understand the progress in this area. This research may more effectively guide the clinical development of more powerful treatment plans for radiation therapy resistant subtypes of cancer patients, and take an important step to improve the disease control rate of radiation therapy resistant subtypes of cancer patients.
A Case of Unilateral Otologic Symptoms as Initial Manifestations of Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis
Authors: Batinović Franko , Martinić Marina Krnić , Durdov Merica Glavina , Sunara Davor
Published: February 2023

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a chronic and systematic autoimmune condition characterized by granuloma formation and necrotizing vasculitis of small to medium-sized vessels. GPA initially presents itself as respiratory and renal symptoms. Although temporal bone involvement is not uncommon, an otologic disorder is rarely the initial symptom. We present a case of a 36-year-old man who presented with unilateral ear pain, hearing loss, and facial palsy. After a series of diagnostics and temporal bone and chest imaging, he was diagnosed with GPA with multiorgan involvement. Cyclophosphamide and methylprednisolone relieved the patient’s ear pain and partially improved his hearing, facial palsy, and overall clinical condition. Although uncommon, systemic GPA may cause initial otologic symptoms and should not be dismissed as a possible cause of an otologic disease resistant to standard therapy.
Exploring and Validating Performance Measurement Domains of Community Pharmacists Using Structural Equation Modeling: Implications and Recommendations for Research
Authors: Ehidiamen Oamen Theophilus , Moshood Lawal Banjo
Published: February 2023

Background: Structural equation modeling (SEM) is a widely used quantitative technique among social and management science researchers. Self-reported questionnaires are in prevalent use among researchers in pharmacy management. But validity and measurement invariance measures of questionnaires are not commonly reported in research studies.

Objectives: To determine the construct validity and invariance validity of the research instrument. To provide guidelines for applying confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in pharmacy management research.

Methods: A cross-sectional study with an anonymously structured questionnaire randomly administered to six hundred community pharmacists in southwestern, Nigeria. The CFA algorithm in SEM software was used to develop a measurement model and test hypotheses.

Results: The measurement model satisfied the model and construct validity benchmarks. The measurement invariance parameters were adequate.

Conclusion: The study concluded that the theoretically developed constructs- economic, operational, and social performance were valid representations of theory. Mandatory inclusion of validity and measurement invariance test reporting in pharmacy management research is advocated.
Silicone Oil Droplet Over the Optic Nerve Head After Intravitreal Injections
Authors: Weatherby Thomas , Makris Leonidas
Published: February 2023

This case report discusses the finding of a silicone oil droplet over the optic nerve head of a patient with a history of multiple intravitreal injections.
Ceria‐Based Therapeutic Antioxidants for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Kim Young Geon , Lee Yunjung , Lee Nohyun , Soh Min , Kim Dokyoon , Hyeon Taeghwan
Published: February 2023

The growing interest in nanomedicine over the last 20 years has carved out a research field called “nanocatalytic therapy,” where catalytic reactions mediated by nanomaterials are employed to intervene in disease‐critical biomolecular processes. Among many kinds of catalytic/enzyme‐mimetic nanomaterials investigated thus far, ceria nanoparticles stand out from others owing to their unique scavenging properties against biologically noxious free radicals, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), by exerting enzyme mimicry and nonenzymatic activities. Much effort has been made to utilize ceria nanoparticles as self‐regenerating antioxidative and anti‐inflammatory agents for various kinds of diseases, given the detrimental effects of ROS and RNS therein that need alleviation. In this context, this review is intended to provide an overview as to what makes ceria nanoparticles merit attention in disease therapy. The introductory part describes the characteristics of ceria nanoparticles as an oxygen‐deficient metal oxide. The pathophysiological roles of ROS and RNS are then presented, as well as their scavenging mechanisms by ceria nanoparticles. Representative examples of recent ceria‐nanoparticle‐based therapeutics are summarized by categorization into organ and disease types, followed by the discussion on the remaining challenges and future research directions.
Exploring the Relationship between Polymer Surface Chemistry and Bacterial Attachment Using ToF‐SIMS and Self‐Organizing maps
Authors: Wong See Yoong , Hook Andrew L. , Gardner Wil , Chang Chien‐Yi , Mei Ying , Davies Martyn C. , Williams Paul , Alexander Morgan R. , Ballabio Davide , Muir Benjamin W. , Winkler David A. , Pigram Paul J.
Published: February 2023

Biofilm formation is a major cause of hospital‐acquired infections. Research into biofilm‐resistant materials is therefore critical to reduce the frequency of these events. Polymer microarrays offer a high‐throughput approach to enable the efficient discovery of novel biofilm‐resistant polymers. Herein, bacterial attachment and surface chemistry are studied for a polymer microarray to improve the understanding of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation on a diverse set of polymeric surfaces. The relationships between time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) data and biofilm formation are analyzed using linear multivariate analysis (partial least squares [PLS] regression) and a nonlinear self‐organizing map (SOM). The SOM models revealed several combinations of fragment ions that are positively or negatively associated with bacterial biofilm formation, which are not identified by PLS. With these insights, a second PLS model is calculated, in which interactions between key fragments (identified by the SOM) are explicitly considered. Inclusion of these terms improved the PLS model performance and shows that, without such terms, certain key fragment ions correlated with bacterial attachment may not be identified. The chemical insights provided by the combination of PLS regression and SOM will be useful for the design of materials that support negligible pathogen attachment.
Optical Waveguide Fingerprint Recognition Device with Two‐Stage Dual‐Function Gratings
Authors: Lin Weiqiang , Wu Peijin , Wang Shaokang , Zheng Jun , Sheng Zhengming , Ye Zhicheng
Published: February 2023

In the under‐screen fingerprint recognition of smart cell phones, the tiny image signals are easily deteriorated by the protective membranes of screens. To solve this issue, an optical waveguide comprising two stage dual‐function gratings is proposed to supply extra lighting. The first stage is formed by two adjacent gratings possessing a cross angle of 120°, which serve as couplers and beam splitters to trap and split the incident light into two paths within the optical waveguide film, respectively. The second stage gratings, possessing a 60° included angle to the first stage, act as beam orientators and expanders by consecutively redirecting a portion of the light beams towards the sensing zone. By covering the waveguide film outside on an organic light emitting diode display screen and setting a camera and a laser under the screen, this slim construction shows high efficiency and large area under‐screen fingerprint recognition with high signal contrast. The design inspires a novel method for efficiently and flexibly controlling photons by arranging a series of gratings with the proper orientations and locations on a chip, which is highly demanded in displays and optical communication.
Applications of Triboelectric Nanogenerators in Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Wang Niyou , Dai Yichen , Fuh Jerry Ying Hsi , Yen Ching‐Chiuan , Lu Wen Feng
Published: February 2023

Bioelectricity has been a fundamental property of all living organisms. With electrical stimulation, living cells can interact with their microenvironments, which makes electrical stimulation highly beneficial for various biomedical applications. However, traditional electrical stimulation mainly relies on bulky and complex equipment, which may not be ideal due to the restriction of movement, limited battery lifetime, uncomfortable wearing, and potential unfriendly to the environment. The advent of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) has helped to resolve the existing limitations. TENGs are effective energy harvesting systems that use a mix of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction to create electrical energy from kinetic energy. TENGs deliver self‐powered electrical stimulation to bone cells for functional regulation or bone regeneration, serve as sensors to detect biological signals or movements, or act as a power source for other biomedical devices. TENGs can be employed in various applications, including enhancing bone regeneration, providing sensing function, slowing bone aging, and curing implant‐related infections. The recent applications of TENGs in bone tissue engineering are reviewed, and the drawbacks of the TENGs are discussed. Finally, the existing challenges and future roadmap for developing TENGs are presented.
Constructing a Superlithiophilic 3D Burr‐Microsphere Interface on Garnet for High‐Rate and Ultra‐Stable Solid‐State Li Batteries
Authors: Chen Butian , Zhang Jicheng , Zhang Tianran , Wang Ruoyu , Zheng Jian , Zhai Yanwu , Liu Xiangfeng
Published: February 2023

Garnet‐type solid‐state electrolyte (SSE) Li6.5La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12 attracts great interest due to its high ion conductivity and wide electrochemical window. But the huge interfacial resistance, Li dendrite growth, and low critical current density (CCD) block the practical applications. Herein, a superlithiophilic 3D burr‐microsphere (BM) interface layer composed of ionic conductor LiF‐LaF3 is constructed in situ to achieve a high‐rate and ultra‐stable solid‐state lithium metal battery. The 3D‐BM interface layer with a large specific surface area shows a superlithiophilicity and its contact angle with molten Li is only 7° enabling the facile infiltration of molten Li. The assembled symmetrical cell reaches one of the highest CCD (2.7 mA cm−2) at room temperature, an ultra‐low interface impedance of 3 Ω cm2, and a super‐long cycling stability of 12 000 h at 0.1–1.5 mA cm−2 without Li dendrite growth. The solid‐state full cells with 3D‐BM interface show outstanding cycling stability (LiFePO4: 85.4%@900 cycles@1 C; LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2:89%@200 cycles@0.5 C) and a high rate capacity (LiFePO4:135.5mAh g−1 at 2 C). Moreover, the designed 3D‐BM interface is quite stable after 90 days of storage in the air. This study offers a facile strategy to address the critical interface issues and accelerate the practical application of garnet‐type SSE in high performance solid‐state lithium metal batteries.
A Peptide‐Conjugated Probe with Cleavage‐Induced Morphological Change for Treatment on Tumor Cell Membrane
Authors: Zhang Wei , Hu Jing‐Jing , Liu Rui , Dai Jun , Yuan Lizhen , Liu Yiheng , Chen Bochao , Gong Mingxing , Xia Fan , Lou Xiaoding
Published: February 2023

Despite the promising advancements of in situ forming nanoassembly for the inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis, the lack of sufficient triggering sites and hardly controlling the forming position restrict their further developments. Herein, a smart transformable peptide‐conjugated probe (DMFA) with enzyme cleavage‐induced morphological change is designed for treatment on the tumor cell membrane. Specifically, after self‐assembling into nanoparticles and anchoring on the cell membrane with sufficient interaction sites rapidly and stably, DMFA will be efficiently cleaved into α‐helix forming part (DP) and β‐sheet forming part (LFA) by overexpressed matrix metalloproteinase‐2. Thus, the promoted Ca2+ influx by DP‐induced cell membrane breakage and decreased Na+/K+‐ATPase activity by LFA‐assembled nanofibers wrapping the cells can inhibit PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway, leading to the inhibition of tumor cell growth and metastasis. This peptide‐conjugated probe undergoes in situ morphological transformation on the cell membrane, exhibiting great potential in tumor therapy.
Automated patent classification for crop protection via domain adaptation
Authors: Christofidellis Dimitrios , Lehmann Marzena Maria , Luksch Torsten , Stenta Marco , Manica Matteo
Published: February 2023

Patents show how technology evolves in most scientific fields over time. The best way to use this valuable knowledge base is to use efficient and effective information retrieval and searches for related prior art. Patent classification, that is, assigning a patent to one or more predefined categories, is a fundamental step towards synthesizing the information content of an invention. To this end, architectures based on Transformers, especially those derived from the BERT family have already been proposed in the literature and they have shown remarkable results by setting a new state‐of‐the‐art performance for the classification task. Here, we study how domain adaptation can push the performance boundaries in patent classification by rigorously evaluating and implementing a collection of recent transfer learning techniques, for example, domain‐adaptive pretraining and adapters. Our analysis shows how leveraging these advancements enables the development of state‐of‐the‐art models with increased precision, recall, and F1‐score. We base our evaluation on both standard patent classification datasets derived from patent offices‐defined code hierarchies and more practical real‐world use‐case scenarios containing labels from the agrochemical industrial domain. The application of these domain adapted techniques to patent classification in a multilingual setting is also examined and evaluated.
Trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA): A Suitable Reagent for Direct Glycosylations of C1‐Hemiacetals with Different Nucleophiles
Authors: Khanam Ariza , Javed  , Lal Mohan , Kumar Mandal Pintu
Published: February 2023

Trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA), a readily accessible, inexpensive, shelf‐stable, and non‐toxic reagent in combination with PPh3, has been used for dehydrative glycosylation reactions with furanose, pyranose, and deoxy‐sugar hemiacetals. The methodology provides a mild reaction condition, good functional group tolerance, featuring a wide variety of substrate scope using O‐, C‐, N‐, and S‐based nucleophiles with good to excellent yields and majority α‐selectivity in case of O‐glycosides while the stereoselectivity in case of C‐, N‐ and S‐ glycosides depends upon the nature of nucleophiles. Notably, this mild dehydrative glycosylation system also provides a reliable method for the synthesis of challenging phenolic glycosides. The progress of the dehydrative glycosylation reaction was monitored by mass and NMR spectroscopy and it is hypothesized that alkoxyphosphonium ions might be the reactive intermediate formed in this process, supported by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance studies.
Simulating the multicausality of Alzheimer's disease with system dynamics
Authors: Uleman Jeroen F. , Melis René J. F. , Ntanasi Eva , Scarmeas Nikolaos , Hoekstra Alfons G. , Quax Rick , Rikkert Marcel G. M. Olde ,   the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: February 2023

Introduction

In Alzheimer's disease (AD), cognitive decline is driven by various interlinking causal factors. Systems thinking could help elucidate this multicausality and identify opportune intervention targets.

Methods

We developed a system dynamics model (SDM) of sporadic AD with 33 factors and 148 causal links calibrated with empirical data from two studies. We tested the SDM's validity by ranking intervention outcomes on 15 modifiable risk factors to two sets of 44 and 9 validation statements based on meta‐analyses of observational data and randomized controlled trials, respectively.

Results

The SDM answered 77% and 78% of the validation statements correctly. Sleep quality and depressive symptoms yielded the largest effects on cognitive decline with which they were connected through strong reinforcing feedback loops, including via phosphorylated tau burden.

Discussion

SDMs can be constructed and validated to simulate interventions and gain insight into the relative contribution of mechanistic pathways.
An ionic liquid‐enhanced soy protein adhesive with high bonding strength and antibacterial activity
Authors: Zhang Hongwei , Zhang Yanchao , Gao Haixiang , Zhou Wenfeng
Published: February 2023

Traditional formaldehyde resin adhesives can release harmful substances, which endanger human health and contribute to environmental pollution. The development of alternative high‐performance, environmentally benign adhesives is therefore of great importance. In this study, we evaluate the effect of several additives on the properties and performance of soy protein isolate adhesive, a bio‐based adhesive. Triglycidyl isocyanurate, a chemically cross‐linker, 1,3‐dimethyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([MMIM]PF6), a crystalline ionic compound, and borax, which is covalently reactive with hydroxyl groups, were added to soy protein isolate to build a dense network structure. The wet shear strength of the adhesive prepared with all additives was 109% greater than that of the unmodified soy protein isolate adhesive (1.34 vs. 0.64 MPa). This improvement is due to the synergistic enhancement of the bonding strength through covalent cross‐linking and hydrogen‐bonding interactions. In addition, the anti‐fungal properties of the adhesive were significantly improved through the use of chemical additives. This work provides a new approach for the preparation of high‐performance, antimicrobial, bio‐based adhesives, which will be beneficial in the development of greener alternatives to commonplace chemicals.
Preface: 10th International Workshop on Astronomy and Relativistic Astrophysics, from Quarks to Cosmos—IWARA 2022
Authors: Zen Vasconcellos César A. , Sacahui Reyes José Rodrigo , Hess Peter O. , Piccinelli Gabriella , Vargas Magaña Mariana , Gonzalez Felipe Ricardo , Boller Thomas , Gullberg Steven , Hadjimichef Dimiter
Published: February 2023

We outline our experience in organizing the 10th edition of the International Workshop on Astronomy and Relativistic Astrophysics: from Quarks to Cosmos, IWARA2022, in hybrid format, combining virtual and face‐to‐face sessions. The meeting was held from 05 to 09 September, 2022, in Antigua, Guatemala.
Investigation of bacteria and detergent residues on undergraduate students' dinner plates in dormitories during university lockdown
Authors: Bao Mengfan , Qin Ningyi , E Yifeng , Qiao Haixia , Zhuang Pengfei , Mei Xifan , Li Dan
Published: February 2023

The COVID‐19 outbreak has disrupted undergraduate students' experiments since their access to the laboratory is limited. To address this problem, the bacteria and detergent residues on undergraduate students' dinner plates were investigated by the students in the dormitories. Five different types of dinner plates from 50 students were collected, which were cleaned with detergent and water in the same way and naturally dried. Then, Escherichia coli (E. coli) test papers and sodium dodecyl sulfonate test kits were used to understand the bacteria and detergent residuals. Commonly available equipment such as a yogurt maker was used for bacterial culture; detergent analyses were performed using centrifugation tubes. Effective sterilization methods and safety protection were achieved by dormitory available methods. According to the investigated results, the students found the differences in bacteria and detergent residuals between different dinner plates and made suitable choices for the future.
Evaluating multiproduct chromatography Protein A resin reuse for monoclonal antibodies in biopharmaceutical manufacturing
Authors: Ravi Nivetita , Huerta Javier , Ferreira Gisela
Published: February 2023

In good manufacturing practice (GMP) facilities in the biopharmaceutical industry, chromatography resins are largely underutilized during purification of single drug products during clinical production. Chromatography resins are dedicated to a specific product and disposed of, after only a fraction of their lifetime due to concerns of potential product carryover from one program to another. In this study, we follow a resin lifetime methodology typically used for commercial submissions and apply it to determine the feasibility of purifying different products on a Protein A MabSelect PrismA™ resin. Three distinct monoclonal antibodies were used as model molecules. Column performance was monitored through chromatogram profiles, yield, clearance capability of selected media components, pressure and product quality. A protein carryover study was designed to demonstrate that the column cleaning procedures reduced protein carryover to safe cleanliness levels regardless of multiple product contact cycles and the order in which the mAbs are captured. Data show that up to 90 total cycles (30 cycles per antibody), there was negligible protein carryover and impact on process performance. Product quality was consistent, with the only meaningful trends found for the leached Protein A ligand, without affecting the conclusion of the study. While the study was restricted to three antibodies, the proof of concept for resin reuse was demonstrated.
Scrutinizing Intrinsic Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity of a Fe−N−C Catalyst via Scanning Electrochemical Cell Microscopy
Authors: Limani Ndrina , Batsa Tetteh Emmanuel , Kim Moonjoo , Quast Thomas , Scorsone Emmanuel , Jousselme Bruno , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Cornut Renaud
Published: February 2023

Carbon‐based nanomaterials are renowned for their exceptional properties, making them propitious candidates for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysis. However, their intrinsic activity is often challenging to investigate unambiguously with conventional methodologies due to the inherent complexities of such systems and the material itself. Zooming into the material and gaining electrochemical information with high resolution is a way to get rid of many experimental factors that influence the catalytic activity in macro‐scale measurements. Herein, we employ nano‐scale scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) to investigate individual catalyst agglomerates with and without Nafion content. The intrinsic ORR activity of the catalyst was unravelled by using a unique approach of normalizing the data of all measured points by their distinctive electrochemical surface area (ECSA). When coupling with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the structure and morphology of the catalytically active agglomerates were visualized.
Ultra‐low single‐atom Pt on g‐C3N4 for electrochemical hydrogen peroxide production
Authors: Yang Hongcen , Lu Niandi , Zhang Juntao , Wang Rui , Tian Shuhao , Wang Mengjun , Wang Zhixia , Tao Kun , Ma Fei , Peng Shanglong
Published: February 2023

Platinum‐based materials show excellent electrocatalytic performance and have good potential for use in fuel cells. However, the high cost and scarce reserves have restricted their wide application. Therefore, it is a challenging task to reduce the amount of Pt as well as ensure good catalytic performance. Herein, anchoring of Pt single atoms (0.21 wt‰) with ultra‐low content on g‐C3N4 nanosheets (Pt0.21/CN) has been successfully achieved. The obtained Pt0.21/CN catalyst shows excellent two‐electron oxygen reduction (2e− ORR) capability for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Compared with CN, its H2O2 selectivity increased from 80% to 98% in 0.1 M KOH, surpassing those in most of the reported studies. Besides, the H2O2 production rate of Pt0.21/CN is 767 mmol gcat−1 h−1, which is 11.1 times that of CN. This work may pave the way toward the development of an effective method for the design of noble‐metal electrocatalysts with low metal loading and high catalytic activity.
Insights into the Conformational Plasticity of the Protein Kinase Akt1 by Multi‐Lateral Dipolar Spectroscopy
Authors: Stehle Juliane , Weisner Jörn , Eichhorn Leanne , Rauh Daniel , Drescher Malte
Published: February 2023

The serine/threonine kinase Akt1 is part of the PI3 K/Akt pathway and plays a key role in the regulation of various cellular processes such as cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis. Here, we analyzed the elasticity between the two domains of the kinase Akt1, connected by a flexible linker, recording a wide variety of distance restraints by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. We studied full length Akt1 and the influence of the cancer‐associated mutation E17K. The conformational landscape in the presence of different modulators, like different types of inhibitors and membranes was presented, revealing a tuned flexibility between the two domains, dependent on the bound molecule.
A Non‐Hydrolysis Reaction‐Based Imine for Fluorescence Response toward Al3+ Ions with Extremely High Selectivity
Authors: Jiang Xu , Ji Rui‐Xue , Shen Jiang‐Shan
Published: February 2023

Designing an imine‐based fluorescent probe capable of greatly suppressing the tendency of intrinsic hydrolysis reaction is an attractive topic in the field of chemo‐/biosensing. In this work, hydrophobic 1,1’‐binaphthyl‐2,2’‐diamine containing two amine groups was introduced to synthesize probe R‐1 bearing two imine bonds linked by two salicylaldehyde (SAs). The hydrophobicity of binaphthyl moiety and the unique clamp‐like structure formed from double imine bonds and from ortho‐OH on SA part make probe R‐1 is able to function as an ideal receptor to coordinate with Al3+ ions, leading to the fluorescence originated from the complex rather than from the assumed hydrolyzed fluorescent amine is turned on. Further study revealed that, when Al3+ ions were introduced, both the hydrophobic binaphthyl moiety and the clamp‐like double imine structure in the designed imine‐based probe showed important contributions to suppress the intrinsic hydrolysis reaction, resulting in generating a stable coordination complex with an extremely high selectivity in fluorescence response.
Enzymatic Synthesis of High‐Density RNA Microarrays
Authors: Schaudy Erika , Lietard Jory , Somoza Mark M.
Published: February 2023

Oligonucleotide microarrays are used to investigate the interactome of nucleic acids. DNA microarrays are commercially available, whereas equivalent RNA microarrays are not. This protocol describes a method to convert DNA microarrays of any density and complexity into RNA microarrays using only readily available materials and reagents. This simple conversion protocol will facilitate the accessibility of RNA microarrays to a wide range of researchers. In addition to general considerations for the design of a template DNA microarray, this procedure describes the experimental steps of hybridization of an RNA primer to the immobilized DNA, followed by its covalent attachment via psoralen‐mediated photocrosslinking. The subsequent enzymatic processing steps comprise the extension of the primer with T7 RNA polymerase to generate complementary RNA, and finally the removal of the DNA template with TURBO DNase. Beyond the conversion process, we also describe approaches to detect the RNA product either by internal labeling with fluorescently labeled NTPs or via hybridization to the product strand, a step that can then be complemented by an RNase H assay to confirm the nature of the product. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol: Conversion of a DNA microarray to an RNA microarray

Alternate Protocol: Detection of RNA via incorporation of Cy3‐UTP

Support Protocol 1: Detection of RNA via hybridization

Support Protocol 2: RNase H assay
An equivalent modeling method of passive components with multi‐resonant frequency
Authors: Pan Zeyu , Ren Dan , Spiazzi Giorgio , Wei Siqi , Yang Jinsheng , Nie Bao‐Lin , Du Pingan
Published: February 2023

High‐frequency characteristics of passive components are crucial to the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of an electronic system, and modeling of passive components is of significance for EMC analysis. However, challenges remain in the modeling of passive components with multiple resonant frequencies. In this paper, a method for establishing equivalent models of multi‐resonant frequency passive components, including capacitors, inductors, and resistors, is proposed. Firstly, high‐frequency equivalent circuit topologies of the multi‐resonant frequency passive components, which are simple, easy to understand, and can be applied to the modeling of passive components with various impedance characteristics, are developed. Secondly, a calculation method of equivalent circuit parameters based on least squares and particle swarm optimization (PSO) is presented, which is not sensitive to the initial value, only needs the estimated range of the equivalent circuit parameters, and very suitable for getting the parameters of equivalent circuit models accurately and efficiently. Finally, to validate the method, some SPICE models of single components are established, and a PCB‐level EMC analysis is implemented. The comparisons of the simulated and experimental results show the validity and accuracy of the method. The method is very useful for future components modeling when doing EMC design or other high‐frequency designs.
Spatial and temporal resource partitioning in a mixed‐species colony of avian echolocators
Authors: Sadanandan Keren R. , Tan Hui Zhen , Lim Hong Yao , Tan Yi Gain , Lee Grace , Chan Lena , Pei Yifan , Rheindt Frank E. , Baldwin Maude W.
Published: February 2023

Resource partitioning may facilitate the coexistence of sympatric species with similar ecological requirements. Here, we study a colony of unusual echolocating birds called swiftlets, which nest underground on an island off the coast of Singapore. The colony comprises two congeneric swiftlet species, black‐nest swiftlets (Aerodramus maximus) and edible‐nest swiftlets (A. fuciphagus), nesting at high densities and in close proximity. Bioacoustic recordings and monitoring of nesting biology at the site across multiple seasons revealed significant differences in echolocation calls as well as survival rates between the species, with the larger black‐nest swiftlet nesting at locations with the highest fledging rates. We also observe an additional off‐season breeding peak by the smaller species, the edible‐nest swiftlet. Unexpectedly, off‐season egg‐hatching rates were significantly higher compared with the rates during the shared breeding season (mean difference = 14%). Our study on the breeding biology of these echolocating cave‐dwelling birds provides an example of spatial and temporal strategies that animals employ to partition resources within a confined habitat.
Cationic Symmetrically and Unsymmetrically Substituted Diboranes and Bis(diboranes) with Direct Boron‐Boron Bond: Synthesis by Substitution, Stability and Properties
Authors: Kistner Lucas , Filbeck Erik , Ihle Patrick , Bučak Gasser David , Häussermann Sebastian W. H. , Kowatsch Dario , Kaifer Elisabeth , Himmel Hans‐Jörg
Published: February 2023

Starting with diboranes with two electron‐rich bridging bicyclic guanidinate substituents, we report in this work the rational synthesis of new dicationic symmetrically‐ and unsymmetrically‐substituted diboranes in SN1‐type substitution reactions in which triflato or bromo substituents are replaced by neutral Lewis bases. The scope of such substitution reactions and their rate are analyzed with different pyridine derivatives of variable Lewis basicity. The first substitution step, leading to a monocationic diborane with one anionic substituent (triflate or bromide) and one neutral Lewis base, proceeds much faster than the second substitution step leading to a dicationic diborane with two neutral Lewis bases. The different time scales for the substitution steps could be used to conveniently synthesize in one‐pot reactions several dicationic, unsymmetrically‐substituted diboranes with two different neutral Lewis bases.
Confined‐Space Selenium‐Assisted Tellurization Posttreatment Strategy for Efficient Full‐Inorganic Sb2S3 Thin‐Film Solar Cells
Authors: Xiao Feng , Chen Shiwu , You Fuge , Ma Tianjun , Chen Chao , Hsu Hsien-Yi , Song Haisheng , Tang Jiang
Published: February 2023

Antimony sulfide is a promising photovoltaic material because of its high absorption coefficient, green and earth‐abundant constituents, and suitable bandgap. Sb2S3 planar solar cells from evaporation method without hole‐transport layer suffer from sulfur vacancy (VS) and a high back‐contact barrier. The same group anion exchange method demonstrates an efficient solution to fill VS and suppress the back‐contact barrier. However, the same group Te exchange with sulfur treatment has to implement at high temperature, which degrades the Sb2S3 film quality. Herein, a confined‐space selenium‐assisted tellurization (c‐SeTe) posttreatment strategy is developed to overcome aforementioned challenges. Material characterizations make certain that most tellurium is distributed at the back and there is a weak signal in bulk. Further physical characterizations unfold the c‐SeTe role in device performance. The back Se and Te alloying can suppress the back‐contact barrier to improve the extraction efficiency. And, Se and Te codoping in bulk helps to passivate the interface and bulk defects so as to improve the CdS/Sb2S3 heterojunction quality and enhance the long‐wavelength photon quantum yield. Finally, a champion power conversion efficiency of 4.95% is obtained, net 0.5% higher than the control one. The robust treatment method is expected to promote the fast development of antimony chalcogenide solar cells.
Sensor design strategy for environmental and biological monitoring
Authors: Heo Jun Hyuk , Sung Minchul , Trung Tran Quang , Lee Yullim , Jung Do Hyeon , Kim Hajeong , Kaushal Sandeep , Lee Nae‐Eung , Kim Jin Woong , Lee Jung Heon , Cho Soo‐Yeon
Published: February 2023

Rapid industrial growth has severely impacted ecosystems and aggravated economic and health risks to society. Monitoring of ecosystems is fundamental to our understanding of how ecosystem change impacts resources and is critical for developing data‐based sustainability. Thus, the design and development of optimized sensors for ecosystem monitoring have received increasing attention. This review provides a comprehensive overview of systematic sensor design strategies for ecosystem monitoring from the material level to the form factor level. We discuss the fundamental transducing mechanisms of a representative sensor system including optical, electrical, and electrochemical sensors. We then review the sensor interfacing strategy for achieving stable and real‐time monitoring of environmental biochemical factors from air, water, soil, and living organisms. Finally, we provide a summary of the current performance and prospects of this state‐of‐the‐art sensor technology and an outlook on opportunities for possible future research directions in this emerging field.

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