bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Correlation of Socio-economic Determinants and Food Security Status in Pakistan
Authors: Rasheed Rukhsana , Ishaq Mazhar Nadeem , Akbar Muhammad
Published: May 2022

This study gives details of the interrelationship among important socioeconomic variables and food security status in Pakistan. The major socio-economic explanatory variables; education, livestock, poverty, receipts of foreign remittances, and female house-head status were analyzed against food security. The data was derived from Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement survey dataset 2019-20. A binary logistic model has been applied for the estimation of poverty and food security indices. The study results showed that education, livestock, foreign remittances, and female house-head have a positive significant impact on food security while poverty has a negative and significant impact on food security. The study recommendations are that government must focus to increase agriculture growth, increased dependence on livestock, foreign remittances, and education.
Language Learning Strategies (LLSS) in Computer Assisted Language Learning Context
Authors: Khatoon Sahib , Mirza Quratulain , Memon Shumaila , Memon Sadia
Published: May 2022

Computer-assisted language learning (CALL) is still in the early stages of integrating technology into educational institutions in Pakistan but, in Pakistani classrooms, using technology in language instruction is growing as a popular trend.Thus, the current study’s goal is to investigate the language learning strategies in CALL contexts should be modified/improved and can they bring some positive results or not. In doing so, a mixed-mode pre-test post-test research methodology, using one identical test (pre-test and post-test) before and after studying in a CALL setup was used. Moreover, semi-structured interviews were also used to explore the opinions of learners (n=6). As a result, one group (experimental) of male college students (n=55) was chosen at random for the investigation (experimental group). The findings of the study revealed positive results in both analyses (QUAL+QUAN). The study presents future recommendations also.
Biologically Active Poly[3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)Glyceric Acid] from Borago officinalis (Boraginaceae)
Authors: Kekeishvili Teona , Merlani Maia , Amiranashvili Lela , Gogilashvili Lali , Barbakadze Vakhtang
Published: May 2022

A high-molecular water-soluble preparation from stems of Borago officinalis (Boraginaceae family) was isolated. According to data from UV, IR, 1H, 13C NMR, gCOSY and 2D heteronuclear 1H/13C gHSQCED experiments, the main chemical constituent of this water-soluble high-molecular preparation from stems of Borago officinalis (HMP-BS) was found to be a biologically active caffeic acid-derived polymer, namely poly[oxy-1-carboxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxy­phenyl)­ethylene] also referred to as poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid] (PDPGA). PDPGA was previously detected in high-molecular preparations of Symphytum asperum, S. caucasicum, S. officinale, Anchusa italica and Cynoglossum officinale. The detection of this compound in different genera of the Boraginaceae family is interesting as this unusual caffeic acid-derived polymer could be consider a chemotaxonomic marker among Boraginaceae plants. Thus, PDPGA is interesting due to the importance of its chemotaxonomic significance, the potential biomedical applications of the Boraginaceae plants and the chemical importance of PDPGA. The presence of poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxy­phenyl)­glyceric acid] in multiple Boraginaceae species expands the resources of raw materials for this biologically active polymer.
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN DESA WISATA RELIGI MAKAM SENTONO DESA GOGODALEM KECAMATAN BRINGIN KABUPATEN SEMARANG
Authors: Widodo Tri , Indriyanto Elang Roni
Published: May 2022

This community service aims to describe the Strategy for the Development of Religious Tourism Village, Sentono Tomb, Kauman Hamlet, Gogodalem Village, Bringin Sub-District, Semarang Regency. This place is often used as a place of pilgrimage because there is the tomb of Raden Nitinegoro, a descendant of Sunan Kalijogo. The surrounding community believes that if people often pray at this grave, they will be given blessings in their life. Therefore, this tomb is one of the tourism potentials of Gogodalem Village. However, the tomb's condition seems poorly maintained because it is only cleaned once a week and access to the grave is quite tricky because there is a bridge that pedestrians can only pass, and there are no directions. For this reason, it is necessary to develop by providing adequate cleaning facilities and it is needed to build bridges to make it easier for pilgrims to access the location. The development of tourism information includes introducing tourism objects to outsiders. In addition, to increase tourist visits, Gogodalem Village needs to build a gate right on the side of the road entrance to the Sentono Tomb. The existence of a gate and a clear and easy-to-see identity will attract pilgrims to get to the location of Sentono's Tomb. Besides Makan Sentono, there are some other religious tourist objects in the Gogodalem Village area that potentially become popular.
Evaluating the Impact of Perinatal Depression on Fetal and Childhood Development
Authors: Deshpande Nikita , Futterman June , Gaudio Sean , Mualem William
Published: May 2022

Perinatal maternal depression leads to a variety of biochemical and behavioral changes in utero. These alterations are linked to impaired fetal development and may also be detrimental to future neonatal, pediatric, and adolescent health. There is a marked rise in the incidence of atopic triad conditions, such as dermatitis and asthmatic wheezing, in children of pregnant mothers with antepartum depression, possibly due to an aberrant TH2 immunologic response and increased fetal oxidative stress. Maternal antepartum depression may also contribute to small-for-gestational age birth status, anomalous fetal neurotransmitter levels, and depression throughout infancy and adolescence. Cortisol has been implicated as a common causative factor responsible for many of these negative offspring outcomes. Minimal research on untreated major depression in pregnancy has been conducted. However, current studies emphasize the importance of holistically evaluating the risks associated with untreated major depression in pregnancy in order to minimize harmful effects on children.
Review of Medical Approaches for the Prevention of Perinatal Transmission of HIV Infection
Authors: Lava Christian X. , Coffey Holly , Ge Mindy , Rico Valerie
Published: May 2022

Although advancements in antiretroviral therapies have reduced the rates of HIV transmission, HIV remains an international public health concern. Perinatal HIV transmission continues to be one of the most common modes of transmission, with most new pediatric HIV infections beginning in utero. In this review, we provide background on the current standard of care in HIV-positive pregnant women. This includes a discussion of antiretroviral monotherapy vs polytherapy, vaginal delivery vs elective cesarean delivery, and avoidance of breastfeeding in the prevention of perinatal transmission of HIV infection. We also review several methods of HIV treatment that are currently under investigation, including shock and kill, block and lock, and gene editing techniques. Further, we discuss the significance of perinatal HIV transmission from a public health perspective both on a global level and on a local level in Washington, DC.
Racism as a Public Health Crisis: A Qualitative Case Series of Public Health Responses in the Washington, DC/Maryland/Virginia Area
Authors: Lamberti Matthew
Published: May 2022

Background

The recent growing awareness of racism as a public health crisis has been hailed as a step in the right direction to addressing racial health disparities. However, the contemporary nature of these declarations and the diversity of responses pose important challenges.

Objective: To evaluate whether declaring racism a public health crisis is mere rhetoric or a true catalyst for change.

Materials & Methods

Four public health officials in the Washington, DC/Maryland/Virginia area were recruited to participate in a series of in-depth interviews. Collected interview data were subsequently analyzed qualitatively for common themes.

Results

Participants across interviews emphasized the importance of naming and defining racism and characterized racism as an upstream root of racial health disparities. Participants described public health as a framework for achieving health equity by building trust with the community and collaborating with non–health sector partners. Local health agencies have examined new strategies to address health disparities, such as increased hiring into health equity initiatives, expansion of community and non–health sector involvement, and internal workplace inclusivity and unconscious bias training. Future challenges to progress include lack of control over policy as well as funding, staffing, and time constraints.

Conclusions

The results of this study indicate a shared understanding among participants regarding the influence of racism on disparate health care delivery and medical outcomes. In their efforts to improve health equity, local health agencies have implemented a variety of strategies, but progress remains incremental. Further, without the engagement of policymakers, non–health sector partners, and the community, public health organizations face substantial obstacles in their efforts to dismantle structural racism.
Role of Hepatic Macrophages in Acute and Chronic Injury and Repair
Authors: Bin-Kamran Arsalan , Mishra Ankit , Reddy Srikar , Reddy Neha , Khan Rimla , Kruger Annie K.
Published: May 2022

Under optimal physiologic conditions, liver resident macrophages, such as Kupffer cells, are abundant in maintaining homeostasis. They orchestrate postinjury inflammatory tissue remodeling, surveil malignant microbial organisms, and remove toxins. Nevertheless, during chronic inflammation and wound healing in the liver, hepatic infiltration of immune cells from the bone marrow, peritoneum, and lymph nodes can promote the maintenance of macrophages subsets that exacerbate liver injury. Depending on the span of the inflammation and the extent of the damage, the liver can undergo acute liver injury or chronic liver injury. In this review, we explain the role of macrophages in the innate immune system, specifically discussing the role of the immune innate system and the description of Kupffer cells. The review also discusses macrophage activity in acute and chronic liver diseases, such as acetaminophen-induced injury, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis/nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and alcoholic liver disease. Finally, the review also discuss Kupffer cell mechanisms for liver repair and regeneration.
Retrofit sustentável uma ferramenta para a melhoria da gestão empresarial e ambiental
Authors: Martins Costa Ferreira Silva Igor , Chagas de Figueiredo Sousa Fernando
Published: May 2022

As transformações sociais, políticas, culturais e econômicas produzem uma nova demanda do mercado está inserido, em épocas de crise alguns empreendimentos não conseguem acompanhar tais mudanças e ficando ociosos com o tempo. Mas em épocas de dificuldades que surgem as grandes oportunidades, o Refrotif sustentável surge como solução inovadora para empreendimentos que passam por tal dificuldade. Trazendo o empreendimento ocioso de volta ao mercado incorporando uma gestão sustentável em todo o seu ciclo de vida, sendo projeto, executado, finalizado e acompanhado de modo a harmonizar as condições sociais, ambientais e econômicas presentes no local. Existindo dentro dos certificados sustentáveis o Breeam International Bespoke, o AGUA-HQE, o LEED o Selo Casa Azul, o Selo Procel e a NBR ISO 14001. Para se conseguir com sucesso o o Retrofit sustentável no empreendimento é necessário o planejamento estratégico com as gestões financeira, de qualidade, de pessoas e ambiental, atendendo a legislação e normas previstas.  Políticas públicas que fortalecem os negócios sustentáveis, aproximam os gestores públicos e empreendedores, conseguindo desenvolvimento sustentável para toda a comunidade. Sendo então o Retrofit sustentável uma solução real para o melhoramento da gestão empresarial e ambiental em empreendimentos ociosos, se faz necessário profissionais capacitados bem como realizações de projetos que realizem o Refrofit de acordo com as necessidades do empreendimento.
Benefícios da utilização de aparelhos hidrossanitários poupadores de água nas residências da cidade de São José de Piranhas - PB
Authors: Da Silva Santos Valterlin , Leite e Carvalho Débora
Published: May 2022

Em uma época em que é fundamental a conservação dos recursos hídricos, torna-se necessário buscar medidas e soluções sustentáveis que contribuam para o uso racional da água. A utilização de aparelhos poupadores de água nas edificações existentes pode reduzir significativamente o consumo de água. Diante disso, este trabalho foi desenvolvido com a finalidade de analisar a redução do consumo de água e a economia financeira proveniente da substituição de aparelhos hidrossanitários convencionais por aparelhos poupadores de água nas residências da cidade de São José de Piranhas-PB. Para tanto, foram selecionados quatro tipos de aparelhos poupadores, sendo propostos 10 cenários possíveis de implantação desses aparelhos avaliando os custos de sua implantação, a redução no consumo de água e o retorno financeiro do investimento. Os resultados indicam que a utilização dos equipamentos poupadores reduz o consumo final de água em cada residência, reduzindo o valor final da conta de água, porém o tempo de retorno do investimento, em certos casos, pode ser considerado elevado (mais de 4 anos). Assim, tem-se que é possível reduzir o consumo da água, utilizando instrumentos que contribuam para a racionalização do seu uso. Espera-se que os parâmetros possam servir de suporte para políticas públicas, auxiliando no estabelecimento de meios de incentivo para minimizar o consumo de água.
A problemática da ressocialização do preso no sistema carcerário brasileiro
Authors: Raquel Garcia Kennya , Renata de Lima Silva Pabla
Published: May 2022

É cediço que a pena privativa de liberdade é vista no Direito Penal, como sendo a principal sanção imposta àquele que delinquiu. Depois de condenado, o indivíduo ficará sob a tutela do Estado, nos estabelecimentos prisionais, enquanto cumpre a pena ou a medida de segurança que lhe foi aplicada. Nesse sentido, a Lei de Execução Penal brasileira, confere ao Estado o dever de assistência ao preso e ao internado, com o objetivo de prevenir o crime e orientar o retorno à convivência em sociedade, ou seja, a execução da pena não tem apenas o objetivo de excluir do convívio social aquele que cometeu um delito, mas também, o Estado deve atuar durante o cumprimento da sanção, conferindo a devida assistência carcerária, através de um tratamento humanitário, sem que o apenado possa sofrer qualquer tipo de violência e objetivando, principalmente, sua ressocialização. Entretanto, a realidade mostra-se de maneira diferente, o sistema prisional brasileiro é precário, de modo que o objetivo elencado na LEP está longe de ser atingido.
A função social da propriedade e o tombamento como instrumentos de proteção ao patrimônio histórico e cultural
Authors: Ferreira Cirilo Thalia , Medeiros de Melo Monique , Pereira Nóbrega Monnizia
Published: May 2022

O presente trabalho busca realizar um estudo acerca do instituto do tombamento enquanto mecanismo legítimo de intervenção na propriedade privada pelo Poder Público, com vistas a assegurar o cumprimento da exigência constitucional de função social da propriedade, delineada pela necessidade de oferecer proteção ao Patrimônio Histórico e Cultural brasileiro. Para a consecução de tal objetivo, será utilizada, quanto à abordagem, a pesquisa qualitativa; quanto aos procedimentos, serão exploradas a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental; além do método dedutivo, de forma que, partindo-se de premissas gerais inerentes à propriedade e à necessária ação interventiva do Estado para o alcance do interesse público, possa-se chegar à conclusão de que o tombamento, espécie constitucional de intervenção na propriedade, tem, como finalidade precípua, a proteção do Patrimônio Histórico e Cultural do país, a qual reflete diretamente no cumprimento da função social da propriedade.
A importância dos direitos humanos frente à desigualdade social
Authors: Alves de Vasconcelos Marcos , Emanuel Silvo Santos Jacson , Medeiros Leite Tiago
Published: May 2022

Os direitos humanos têm como objetivo principal a valorização humana, buscando de plano a igualdade formal entre povos, atingindo âmbito internacional, através de uma constituição universal que tem como ideais direitos fundamentais inerentes à condição de dignidade humana. A carta universal de 1948 elenca 30 artigos, que são direitos universais, em sua estrutura formal nas quais são denominados direitos humanos, na verdade são super direitos na qual deverá ser observada de forma primordial, pois é responsável por estabelecer limites de instrução de cidadanias entre povos, estabelecendo valores universais, instituindo assim critérios de freios ao relativismo absoluto existente na sociedade, visando o bem e o convívio a todos os membros a ela pertencentes. Quando ocorre violação dos direitos humanos, atinge de certo modo a essência do direito, ocasionando assim prejuízos na realidade das práticas sociais, onde a coletividade é afetada, pois tornasse parte da crença da própria soberania dos países que o adotaram, desse modo à violação da constituição universal deve ser vista como abominável devido ao impacto social, político e cultural de toda a civilização até mesmo devido ao alcance internacional de tais direitos.
A saúde pública no Brasil: Uma análise acerca das ameaças sofridas pelo sistema único de saúde em face do direito constitucional
Authors: De Oliveira Costa Cavalcante Luana , Cláudio Farias Maciel Jônatas , Santos de Almeida Rosana , Kémpell Vieira Carvalho Ígor , Antônio Hilário Lacerda Clementino José
Published: May 2022

A Constituição Federal de 1988 apresenta a saúde como um direito do cidadão, sendo idealizada para atender a todas às necessidades que se apresentarem. A história demonstra que o surgimento de um sistema nacional de saúde foi uma luta constante da sociedade, que no princípio era atendida pelos órgãos caritativos da Igreja, sendo uma medicina que zelava pelo sentido curativo, diferentemente do atual modelo, que prima por uma ação preventiva, observando os diferentes fatores que influenciam nas condições de saúde. Desta maneira, a presente pesquisa se firma na análise da saúde pública brasileira, examinando o atual cenário sociopolítico e os constantes interesses escusos que conduzem ao descrédito da população e ao consequente desmonte das políticas públicas. Destarte, para a efetivação desta pesquisa, foi empregado o método de abordagem dedutivo, tendo em vista se partir da saúde pública de forma geral e se especificar no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Os métodos de procedimentos utilizados foram o histórico, pelo qual se buscou investigar os fatores que marcaram a história da saúde no Brasil, as evoluções judiciárias, bem como a garantia constitucional deste direito; pelo estatístico, são expostos dados que comprovam a relevância do Sistema Único de Saúde e a sua cobertura nacional, que assegura apoio à população.
The nutrition right in Brazil: An analysis of state inefficiency in the coronavirus pandemic contexto
Authors: Araújo Rolim Moreira Lorena , Igor Querino de Souza Valderi
Published: May 2022

Issues linked to hunger and poverty are considered a serious political-social problem in Brazil, in which the situation is aggravated by the new coronavirus pandemic and the application of emergency measures. In detriment of this, the inefficiency of state actions with the aim of enshrining access to adequate food for all is evident, with a serious failure in the application of correct public policies, in which a vision of the government as a benefactor and not as a guarantor is established. of rights. Thus, we used a methodological procedure based on documental and exploratory analysis, with a bibliographic method, when analyzing literature on the subject and inserting a critical analysis of those referred, through a qualitative approach. From which an understanding of the right to food in relation to hunger and poverty in Brazil was made possible, as well as the understanding of failed actions regarding the guarantee of the aforementioned, in addition to the realization of the need to implement redistributive policies.
Epidemiology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Goncharova P. S. , Davidova T. K. , Shnayder N. A. , Novitsky M. A. , Nasyrova R. F.
Published: May 2022

We searched for full-text publications in Russian and English in the E-Library, PubMed, Springer, Clinical keys, Google Scholar databases, using keywords and combined word searches (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - ALS, motor neuron disease, epidemiology, incidence, prevalence), for 2015 – 2020. In addition, the review included earlier publications of historical interest. Despite our comprehensive searches of these commonly used databases and search terms, it cannot be excluded that some publications may have been missed. A total of 74 publications were analyzed, reflecting epidemiological studies of ALS in 168 countries. The incidence of ALS worldwide varies from 0.4 per 100,000 per year (Ecuador) to 9.45 per 100,000 per year (Japan, Oshima region). Prevalence - from 0.1 per 100,000 population (Somalia) to 42.1 per 100,000 population (Canada). This data depends on many factors, including the quality of the diagnosis and the health care system.
Multi Epitopes Potential on Surface SARS-CoV-2 Protein as a Covid-19 Vaccine Candidate
Authors: Anam Khoirul , Prabowo Bobi , Kusuma Meike Tiya , Yuliati Yuliati , Winarsih Sri , Mardining Raras Tri Yudani , Prawiro Sumarno Reto
Published: May 2022

Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiology of an outbreak Covid-19. SARS-CoV-2 has a structural part consisting of spike glycoprotein, nucleoprotein N, membrane M and envelopes small membrane pentamer E. Immunoinformatic approach epitope analysis is developed to identify both weak and robust epitopes. Our study aims to identify several epitopes present in the spike glycoprotein, envelope, and membrane protein from the SARCoV-2 surface, with the help of insilico approach that highly potential as vaccine candidates. Analysis of antigeninicity was performed with the Kolaskar and Tongaonkar Antigenicity software. Epitope Mapping was analyzed using Linear Epitope Prediction Bepired. The structure of proteins with epitope regions was visualized by software Pyrex and PyMOL. Conserve analysis was performed using bio edit software. HLA mimicry was analyzed through HLAPred software. Molecular docking between the epitope with HLA I and HLA II was validated by Chimera and PyMOL software. The toxicity test for candidate vaccine peptides was carried out using ToxinPred software. Our study found seven potential epitope candidates as vaccine candidates. The seven epitopes were derived from spike proteins (5 epitopes), envelope proteins (1 epitope), and membrane proteins (1 epitope). All epitope codes are conserved and are not the same as HLA in Humans. The docking test results show a value with low affinity so that a strong bond can provide a high immune response. Toxicity tests show that all epitopes are non-toxic and safe to use as vaccine ingredients. Seven peptides from the spike, envelope, membrane protein that showed potential as vaccine candidates against Covid-19.
A Validated Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Diacerein and Aceclofenac in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Formulation
Authors: Chaudhari Bharatee P. , Daniel Kratika
Published: May 2022

A simple, exceptionally cost-effective, extremely accurate, quite precise and highly reproducible analytical method was developed and validated for simultaneous estimation of Diacerein and Aceclofenac in bulk and Pharmaceutical formulation. The new Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography technique was developed. Method- The separation has been done on column ACQUITY UPLC BEH Shield C18 (50 x 2.1mm), 1.7µm (40°C temperature). The mobile phase contained Buffer and Acetonitrile (Buffer: ACN) (55:45 V/V).. The flow rate was set at 0.4ml/min, and detected at 268nm with PDA detector. Mobile phase was sonicated for 15 min. before use. 5μl of samples of standard stock solution and tablet solution were injected. Different trials were performed to separate diacerein and aceclofenac. The total run time of the detection was 4 min. The developed method was validated against different validation parameters. Results - The retention times were obtained at 1.762min. and 2.891 min. for Diacerein and Aceclofenac respectively. Accuracy study was observed in the range of 100.33% to 101.67% with less than 2% RSD. LOQ was found to be 2.98μg/ml and 5.9041μg/ml. similarly LOD was found to be 0.9841μg/ml and 1.9467μg/ml. for Diacerein and Aceclofenac respectively. Precision %RSD for intraday and interday were found to be 0.19 and 0.18 for Diacerein , 0.44 and 0.16 for Aceclofenac respectively. Linearity was found in the range of 2.5-17.5μg/ml and 5-35μg/ml for Diacerein and Aceclofenac respectively. The method was found robust by deliberate changes in the flow rate, ratio of mobile phase and detection wavelength. Conclusion-The method was found to be satisfactory and can be used successfully for determination of Diacerein and Aceclofenac simultaneously in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form.
Assessment of the reporting quality of resistance training interventions in randomised controlled trials for lower limb tendinopathy: A systematic review protocol
Authors:   Specialist Musculoskeletal Physiotherapist, MSK Service, Fraserburgh Physiotherapy Department, Fraserburgh Hospital, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen
Published: May 2022

Review objectives: (1). To describe what exercises and intervention variables are used in resistance training interventions in randomised controlled trials for lower limb tendinopathy. (2). To assess completeness of reporting as assessed by the Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT) and the Toigo and Boutellier framework. (3). To assess the implementation of scientific resistance training principles. (4). To assess therapeutic quality of exercise interventions with the i-CONTENT tool. Design: Systematic review. Elligibility criteria: Randomized controlled trials only, that have reported using resistance exercises for common lower limb tendinopathies including Achilles, patellar, gluteal, and plantar heel pain. Methods: The authors will search for a wide range of sources to find both published and unpublished studies via EBSCOhost, including, but not limited to, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED). Studies published in a language other than English will only be considered if a translation is available. Data synthesis will be presented in tabular form with an accompanying narrative synthesis. Completeness of reporting will be presented as the number of items reported for each of the tools used: the CERT, Toigo and Boutellier framework, i-CONTENT tool, and resistance training principles. Dissemination of the reporting findings of efficacious resistance training interventions used for lower limb tendinopathies, will allow for translation into clinical practice.
Le lettere
Authors:   Medico e Bambino
Published: May 2022

"Matti" da morie
Assessing the improvement in cement effectiveness by the geometry of implant abutment surface
Authors: Chandra Chetan , Rangari Priyadarshini , Singh Ankita , Vijeyakumar C. P. , Singh Uday Bhan
Published: May 2022

Aim: The present study was conducted to assess the effect of the topography or surface geometry of implant abutments for their effect on the retentive strength of the prosthesis cemented using zinc phosphate on grooved, sandblasted, and standard machined implant abutments and to compare them. Methods: 12 implant abutments of a similar shape were divided into 3 groups of 4 each having a 6-degree taper and 6mm height. The 3 groups were Group I included standard machined abutments without grooves, Group II included group I abutments sandblasted, and Group III included abutments having prefabricated circumferential grooves. In addition, among these 12 abutments, 4 each were taken to assess the retentive force of zinc phosphate cement. 12 similar cast copings were made to fill the 12 abutments, and were cemented with zinc phosphate. After 6 days of storage in the water bath and thermal cycling, using the tensile testing machine, a retention test was done. Results: Concerning zinc phosphate cement, among three study groups the statistically significant difference was seen with p<0.05.
Comparative evaluation of efficacy of commercially available calcium sodium phosphosilicate and potassium nitrate containing toothpaste in reducing dentinal hypersensitivity
Authors: Kumari Puja , Prashant Shekhar , Debnath Surangama , Razi Mohammed Ahsan , Qamar Seema , Kumari Soni
Published: May 2022

Aim: Dental hypersensitivity is commonly complained by the subjects in the dental office or hospitals. Our chief aim was to compare two commercially available toothpastes containing Calcium sodium phosphosilicate and 5% potassium nitrate for the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity. Materials and methods: Sixty subjects with the chief complaint of dentinal hypersensitivity were selected and randomly divided into two groups. Assesment of hypersensitivity was done using visual analog scale (VAS) scores by applying water and air stimuli at baseline, 3 weeks after usage of the respective provided toothpaste, and 3 weeks after discontinuation i.e., 6 months of the respective toothpaste. Results: Both the groups showed reduction in hypersensitivity scores at 3 weeks and 6 weeks for air and water stimulus. The group provided with toothpaste containing potassium nitrate, however, showed significantly better reduction in hypersensitivity compared to the group provided with toothpaste containing calcium sodium phosphosilicate.
Salary scale and the diversity of wage systems
Authors: Jayady Arman , Subekti Priyo , Smyshlyaev Alexey V. , Protasova Olga N. , Hubur Aa
Published: May 2022

In any society or group, the behavior and manner of acting that are highly rated can be estimated based on the level of appreciation given by the group to that level of behavior. This reward system will be studied to show the kinds of behavior group members are expected to get by the group and the kinds of behavior that - through the reward system - will be strengthened and perpetuated in the group. The study of the wage and incentive systems of Japanese factories revealed very well the differences between Western industry and modern Japanese industry. The study also showed both the types and magnitude of the differences that underlie attitudes and behaviors that distinguish modern industry in Japan from that in the United States. In the following discussion, the wage system in one factory will be examined in detail to illustrate the particular central trend that appears in all studied factories. Since the monetary wage system for work performed is only a part of the entire wage system, it will also examine the general pattern of non-monetary benefits, welfare efforts, incentive programs for workers, using specific plans and costs of a particular factory.
Awareness of good and bad touch among children
Authors: Pooja Kul , Dular Sunil Kumar , Vashist Suman
Published: May 2022

In present scenario, many cases are reported on social media and other platforms like newspapers and television, where we hear about cases of child abuse mainly sexual abuse of children. These news are mainly about young children and adolescents especially girls who get molested or abused by an adult known person or a stranger. At their age, it is very difficult to say also if they understand that wrong things are happening to them. Because in a country like India, much awareness is not built through education at young age to make children and adolescents familiar about such things. They remain oblivion to such education and thus cannot even distinguish people with bad intentions from good ones. The effects of such an abuse on the child and family are much much more than what we can even imagine. Their mental health and overall development is retarded with such incidents occurring to children and young girls. It becomes very difficult for them to live a normal life and they find it hard to get acceptable by society afterwards.
Market innovations driving competitive advantage in MSMEs
Authors: Rathod Harishchandra Singh , Dixit Tonisha , Huda Miftachul , Maseleno Andino
Published: May 2022

In the constantly changing business environment, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have to resort to various strategies to strive the competition. The diversity and complexity of the competitive markets necessitate the MSMEs to have a clear vision to achieve efficiency and flexibility. In several cases, MSMEs zero down to owning some kind of innovations. Globally, innovation has been categorised in four types, namely, ‘product, process, marketing and organizational’. Among these, the focus of this paper is on marketing innovation and how much literature supports its impact on attaining competitive advantage. This paper tries to broadly provide a holistic perspective on how impactful are marketing innovations in seeking competitive advantage through marketing capabilities based on extensive literature review. Significant research has been done in the fields of marketing practices, capabilities, newer trends and role of innovations in achieving competitive advantage. Marketing innovation has widely been defined as constituting modifications in product placement, promotion, pricing and packaging (Deshpandé, Farley, &Webster, 1993; Hurley & Hult, 1998; OECD, 2005). The discussion takes into account the imperative factor driving market innovations based on resource-based view i.e., market capability and studies its relation to the determinants of competitive advantage.
Efficacy of fixed versus removal retianer post orthodontic treatment
Authors: Patyal Arun , Karpe Shameem , Chacko Prince K. , Khandelwal Mayank , Puri Swapna , Kandikatla Pradeep
Published: May 2022

The dearth of prolonged, prospective evaluation, the relative impact of fixed and the removable retainers eventualities can only be speculated upon. Hence in this study was to compare the stability of orthodontic outcomes with fixed and removable retainers over a period of at least 4 years. Of the 82 participants included in the previous RCT, data were obtained from 48 at 18-month follow up. Orthodontic stability was based chiefly on the irregularity of the mandibular incisors using Little’s Irregularity Index to assign a cumulative score for the contact point displacement in 4 the mandibular inter-canine region. Eighty-two participants were enrolled in the original RCT. After adjusting for confounders, the median between-groups difference was 1.64mm higher in those wearing vacuum-formed retainers (P= 0.02; 95% CI: 0.30, 2.98mm). No statistical difference was found between the treatment groups in terms of inter-canine (P= 0.52; 95% CI: -1.07, 0.55) and inter-molar widths (P= 0.55; 95% CI: -1.72, 0.93), arch length (P= 0.99; 95% CI: -1.15, 1.14) and extraction space opening (P= 0.84; 95% CI: -1.54, 1.86).
Sistemas silvopastoriles: una alternativa para la ganadería bovina sostenible
Authors: Gutiérrez Bermúdez Camilo del Carmen , Mendieta Araica Bryan Gustavo
Published: May 2022

La producción de alimento demanda cada vez el uso de mayor cantidad de recursos, lo que constituye un reto para los productores, investigadores e instituciones relacionados al sector agropecuario. Esto conlleva a realizar cambios en los procesos productivos al intensificar las áreas de producción sin sobre explotar los recursos naturales. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo valorar la importancia de los sistemas silvopastoriles como una alternativa en los sistemas ganaderos, de cara a la transición agroecológica. Para esto se realizó una revisión de literatura relacionada al efecto negativo de la ganadería en el ambiente, producción animal, sistemas silvopastoriles, plantas forrajeras, y ganadería agroecológica en los últimos diez años. Se definen las tendencias actuales en el contexto de la eficiencia en la aplicación de criterios sostenibles. Se concluye que la aplicación de estrategias productivas sostenibles conserva la diversidad biológica y preservan los recursos naturales, así mismo la implementación de sistemas silvopastoriles en la ganadería reducen las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero y mejoran la productividad y eficiencia del sistema, constituyéndose como una opción para el productor.
MAYARO VIRUS: AN EMERGING ARBOVIROSIS IN BRAZIL?
Authors: Bandeira Rufino Polinar , Caroline Nobre Santos Ellen , Eduardo Maggi Luis , Corrêa Brasil da Costa Emmerson
Published: May 2022

Arboviruses are currently recognized as a global public health problem. Among the main ones are the Zika, Dengue, Chikungunya viruses and we can also highlight the Mayaro virus, which is endemic in rural areas and forests of South America. This review aims to detect the presence of the Mayaro virus in Brazilian states, thus seeking to emphasize the risks of occurrence of these arboviruses in Brazil. The first report of infection by Mayaro occurred in 1954 in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago and, from this discovery, it was possible to identify other occurrences in American countries. The occurrences in Brazil are concentrated in the North, Southeast, Midwest and Northeast regions and, recently, in the Southeast region. Many cases are believed to have been overlooked due to the similarity of symptoms to other arboviruses, mainly Chikungunya. Furthermore, climatic factors and human actions favor the proliferation and emergence of new vectors. Therefore, monitoring by specific molecular and serological methods is necessary to prevent incidents and possible complications.
The Paradox of Self-Blame
Authors: Todd Patrick , Rabern Brian
Published: May 2022

It is widely accepted that there is what has been called a non-hypocrisy norm on the appropriateness of moral blame; roughly, one has standing to blame only if one is not guilty of the very offence one seeks to criticize. Our acceptance of this norm is embodied in the common retort to criticism, “Who are you to blame me?” But there is a paradox lurking behind this commonplace norm. If it is always inappropriate for x to blame y for a wrong that x has committed, then all cases in which x blames x (i.e., cases of self-blame) are rendered inappropriate. But it seems to be ethical common-sense that we are often, sadly, in position (indeed, excellent, privileged position) to blame ourselves for our own moral failings. And thus, we have a paradox: a conflict between the inappropriateness of hypocritical blame, and the appropriateness of self-blame. We consider several ways of resolving the paradox and contend none is as defensible as a position that simply accepts it: we should never blame ourselves. In defending this starting position, we defend a crucial distinction between self-blame and guilt.
MARINE FISHES (CHONDRICHTHYES, HOLOCEPHALI, ACTINOPTERYGII) FROM THE UPPER CRETACEOUS (CAMPANIAN) RYBUSHKA FORMATION NEAR BELOE OZERO, SARATOV OBLAST, RUSSIA
Authors: EBERSOLE JUN A. , SOLONIN SERGEY V. , CICIMURRI DAVID J. , ARKHANGELSKY MAXIM S. , MARTYNOVICH NIKOLAY V.
Published: May 2022

A diverse fish paleofauna occurs in the upper Campanian portion of the Rybushka Formation exposed near Saratov city in the Saratov Oblast, Russia. Twenty taxa have been identified, including two holocephalans (Ischyodus bifurcatus and Amylodon karamysh), twelve elasmobranchs (Synechodus sp., Cederstroemia sp., Cretalamna cf. C. borealis, C. cf. C. sarcoportheta, Archaeolamna kopingensis, Eostriatolamia segedini, E. venusta, Pseudocorax laevis, Squalicorax kaupi, Squalicorax morphotype 1, Squalidae indet., and Squatirhina sp.), and six teleosts (Pachyrhizodus sp., Saurocephalus lanciformis, Paralbula casei, Enchodus cf. E. dirus, E. cf. E. gladiolus, and E. petrosus). Many of these taxa are new to the Campanian fish record of Russia, and the assemblage demonstrates that there is significant taxonomic overlap between the Rybushka Formation paleofauna and that of North America.
From Margins to Centre: Relocating Youth Participation in Radical Politics of International Development
Authors: Salifu Gamel Abdul-Nasser
Published: May 2022

This paper focuses on youth participation in decision-making processes for economic growth and development. Very little is known of the effectivity of rural youth participation in the developing world. Drawing on recent empirical evidence of youth participation in economics and development research, the paper identifies the growing interest of policy makers on shorthanded interventions aimed at improving young lives. Going beyond official blueprints and the stated objectives of international development interventions, interventions have widely emphasized the mechanical aspects of projects rather than the direct impact of interventions on young beneficiaries. Understanding this is critical for development as recent projects’ high rate of failure and unintended consequences for beneficiaries continue to grow. Based on the review of over 100 documented cases of youth participation in Africa, Asia and Latin America, the paper offers a conceptual guide, reinforced by methodological suggestions for studying the representational ‘afterlives’ of development interventions. Inspired by the phenomenological works of economic development research, the paper recognizes young voices as repositories of non-hegemonic knowledge with the ability to creatively re-appropriate development legacies. While such conclusions may have been kept under relative control, they come to fore upon the termination of interventions. A grassroots-based approach aimed at studying post-intervention communities would reveal the palimpsest-like multilayers of flagship programmes across the developing world.
DISCREPANCY BETWEEN SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE MEASURES OF OBESITY AMONGST THE UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL AND DENTAL STUDENTS: AN INSTITUTION-BASED CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Manandhar Nilu , Bhattarai Kushal
Published: May 2022

Background: Obesity has been reported to be assessed both subjectively and objectively, with varying degrees of agreement. This study was conducted to assess the discrepancy between the subjective and objective measures of obesity amongst undergraduate medical and dental students.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed and conducted at College of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital, Nepal, from December 2019 to January 2020. First and second year under­graduate medical and dental students were first asked to report their height and weight, which were subsequently measured using standard stadiometer and weighing balance. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from both subjective and objective height and weight, and was graded into different categories as underweight, normal, overweight and obese.
Results: Of the 181 participants, 51.4% were males. The prevalences of subjective and objective overweight/obesity were 24.8% and 25.4%, respectively, with the difference being –0.6% (95% CI: –9.5% to 8.4%; p>0.05). Likewise, the differences in prevalence rates were +4.3% (95% CI: –8.6% to 17.2%; p>0.05) in males and –5.7% (95% CI: –17.9% to 6.6%; p>0.05) in females. Further, the differences between the mean values of subjective and objective BMI were +0.4kg/m2 (p=0.086, overall); +0.9kg/m2 (p=0.002, males) and –0.3kg/m2 (p=0.122, females).
Conclusions: In the face of varying degrees of discrepancy between subjective and objective mea­sures of obesity in overall participants as well as in both gender groups, the findings suggest a reasonable degree of acceptability of the subjective assessment.
HOSPITAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN NEPAL
Authors: Sharma G Ram Prasad , Mehta Raj Kumar , Angadi Siddeshwar
Published: May 2022

A newly discovered Novel Coronavirus is spreading across the world and is transforming the way, we sustain every day. COVID-19 pandemic has created challenges for international and national organizational level. Additionally, healthcare institution has many challenges to deal with COVID-19, especially in developing countries. Among the various challenges faced by healthcare institution, management of waste generated from treatment of COVID-19 patients is essential to prevent further impact on environment. Improper management of COVID-19 waste can lead to adverse public health ramification. Thus, good nationwide protocol and policies of waste management can play a vital role in protecting the health of nation and community.
EFFECT OF ESCITALOPRAM ON GLYCAEMIC CONTROL IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS WITH DEPRESSION
Authors: Shrestha Laxmi , Adhikari Anita , Subedi Sandip , Pokhrel Buddhi Raj , Shrivastava Amit Kumar , Joshi Bishal , Chhetri Pradip
Published: May 2022

Background: Depression is more common in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) than pa­tients without type 2 DM. The objective of this study was to study the effect of escitalopram on gly­caemic control in type 2 diabetic patients with depression.
Methods: This longitudinal study was conducted in Universal College of Medical Sciences (UCMS), Bhairahawa from September 2019 to March 2020. A total of 137 patients visiting internal medicine OPD and diagnosed with type 2 DM were included. The patients were then referred for psychiatric evaluation. Patient Health Questionnaire -9 was used for the assessment of depression by the con­sultant psychiatrist. A score of ≥5 was considered as depression. Participants were divided into two groups: Group 1 represented type 2 diabetic patients with depression (n=37) and group 2 without depression (n=100). Escitalopram 10mg daily was prescribed for group 1 patients, keeping the man­agement of DM unchanged for all. The fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels were measured at baseline, two weeks, four weeks, and six weeks interval, respectively, using the automated analyzer.
Results: After the treatment with escitalopram, there was significant (p<0.05) reduction in fasting and postprandial blood glucose level in subsequent weeks compared to baseline values. The fasting baseline median blood glucose level in group1 patients reduced from the value of 190.0 to 126.5 mg/ dl and postprandial median blood glucose level reduced from baseline value of 295.0 to 201.5 mg/dl at 6 weeks respectively.
Conclusions: Treatment with escitalopram showed a favorable glycemic profile in type 2 DM patients with depression.
STUDY OF SUTURAL MORPHOLOGY OF PTERION AMONG HUMAN ADULT NEPALESE SKULLS
Authors: Gautam Ajeevan
Published: May 2022

Background: The sutural morphology of the pterion is important in surgical approaches to the cranial fossae. The pterion portrays variations in the sutural pattern of the fusion of constitu­ent bones. Pterion depicts the H-shaped sutural junction of frontal, sphenoid, parietal, and temporal bones within the temporal fossa. The pterion is known to be the weakest part of the skull.
Methods: All together 24 dry human skulls were collected from the Department of Anatomy at Chitwan Medical College for the study. Sex and ethnicity of the skulls were undefined. All damaged skulls excluded from the study. Both the sides of the skull were studied for the locations and types of pterion. The shape and type of pterion were noted by observing the articulation of the bones. Photographs were taken and were studied. Statistical analysis was done using Microsoft excel 2019 and analyzed as frequency and distribution.
Results: Twenty-four human skulls of known gender were examined. Three types of pterion were observed. The sphenoparietal- 66.66%, frontotemporal- 25% and stellate - 8.4%.
Conclusions: We believe that there are different patterns of pterion present in human skull. Since pterion is an important surgical landmark, the findings may be helpful in surgical approach and intervention.