bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Characteristics and Survival Outcomes for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Double Mutations
Authors: Peng Min , Weng Yi Ming , Liu Hua Li , Yang Gui Fang , Yao Yi , Han Guang , Song Qi Bin
Published: January 2018

Multiple randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 19 deletion (19Del) and exon 21 L858R mutation (L858R) are highly correlated with sensitivity to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) treatment in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A mutation in exon 20 (T790M) is reportedly associated with resistance to EGFR-TKIs. However, few studies have focused on patients harboring double mutations in these 3 mutation sites. In this retrospective study, forty-five patients (45/2546, 1.7%) harbored double mutations of 19Del, L858R, and T790M. Twenty-four patients with EGFR double mutations received EGFR-TKI therapy. Clinical characteristics of these patients, including the response to EGFR-TKIs and progression-free survival outcome for EGFR-TKI treatment (PFS-TKI), were analyzed. Patients with EGFR double mutations were more likely to be nonsmokers, have an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) of 0-1, have adenocarcinoma, and be at stage III-IV. The ORR, DCR, and median PFS-TKI in patients harboring EGFR double mutations were lower than in patients with a single EGFR-activating mutation. The differences in ORR and DCR were statistically insignificant between the 3 groups. Patients with double mutations of 19Del and T790M had longer PFS-TKIs than patients in the other 2 groups.
Finite‐Time Nonfragile Synchronization of Stochastic Complex Dynamical Networks with Semi‐Markov Switching Outer Coupling
Authors: Sakthivel Rathinasamy , Sakthivel Ramalingam , Kaviarasan Boomipalagan , Wang Chao , Ma Yong-Ki
Published: January 2018

The problem of robust nonfragile synchronization is investigated in this paper for a class of complex dynamical networks subject to semi‐Markov jumping outer coupling, time‐varying coupling delay, randomly occurring gain variation, and stochastic noise over a desired finite‐time interval. In particular, the network topology is assumed to follow a semi‐Markov process such that it may switch from one to another at different instants. In this paper, the random gain variation is represented by a stochastic variable that is assumed to satisfy the Bernoulli distribution with white sequences. Based on these hypotheses and the Lyapunov‐Krasovskii stability theory, a new finite‐time stochastic synchronization criterion is established for the considered network in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Moreover, the control design parameters that guarantee the required criterion are computed by solving a set of linear matrix inequality constraints. An illustrative example is finally given to show the effectiveness and advantages of the developed analytical results.
The Association of Gut Microbiota with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Thais
Authors: Sobhonslidsuk Abhasnee , Chanprasertyothin Suwannee , Pongrujikorn Tanjitti , Kaewduang Piyaporn , Promson Kwannapa , Petraksa Supanna , Ongphiphadhanakul Boonsong
Published: January 2018

Objectives. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) can progress to advanced fibrosis; the link between intestinal bacterial overgrowth and NASH has been proposed. Gut microbiota may promote inflammation and provoke disease progression. We evaluated gut microbiota pattern in NASH and its influencing factors. Methods. A case-controlled study with sixteen NASH and eight control subjects was done. We performed DNA extraction from stool samples and bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing using MiSeq™. The sequences were clustered into operational taxonomic units using Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology software. We calculated relative abundances, determined alpha diversity, obtained beta diversity by principal coordinate analysis, and conducted the partial least-squares regression model. Results. The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes tended to be higher in NASH group. The Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes (B/F) ratio was significantly elevated in NASH patients. The pattern of gut microbiota in NASH was clearly separated from that of control subjects. Factors influencing the separation of NASH from control subjects were age, diabetes, body mass index, Bacteroidetes phylum, metformin, Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Thermotogae, and Caldithrix and Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio. Conclusions. Bacteroidetes phylum (Bacteroides and Prevotella genus) is abundant in NASH subjects, who exhibited an elevated B/F ratio. NASH patients showed a specific pattern of gut microbiota independent of diabetes or metformin use.
Propagation Properties of Airy Beam through Periodic Slab System with Negative Index Materials
Authors: Jin Long , Zhang Xingqiang
Published: January 2018

Based on light transfer matrix and electric field vector equation, the evolution of Airy beam propagating in periodic slab system with three negative index materials (NIMs) and its transmission mechanism are investigated. The intensity profiles on emergent surface of periodic slab system and side view of Airy beam propagating in each right handed material (RHM) and double negative material (DNM) unit including lossless and losses DNMs are discussed. It is revealed that the self-recovery Airy beam can be achieved in long distance by using lossless periodic slab system as long as the negative refractive index nl=-nr and each unit length L=Z. As to losses slab system contained DNMs, the smaller the collision frequencies are, the better the Airy beam quality is formed. It is expected that the proposed manner of beam transmission and corresponding conclusions can be useful for extension applications of optical control, especially for optical communication and optical encryption technique.
Changes in Central Macular Thickness and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in Eyes with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease: A 2-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Han Yong-Seop , Shin Kyung-Sup , Lee Woo-Hyuk , Kim Jung-Yeul
Published: January 2018

Purpose: To investigate the central macular thickness (CMT) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in eyes with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease associated with optic disc swelling and serous retinal detachment through a 24-month follow-up period. Methods: We prospectively investigated 28 eyes of 14 treatment-naïve patients with acute VKH disease associated with optic disc swelling and serous retinal detachment and 30 eyes of 15 normal individuals to compare changes in the CMT and average RNFL thickness. Results: The CMT was significantly lower in the eyes of the VKH group at 12 and 24 months. The RNFL thickness was significantly higher in the eyes of the VKH group at the initial visit and at the 6- and 12-month follow-up visits, but no significant difference was found between the VKH group and control group at the 24-month follow-up visit. Conclusion: Significant changes in the CMT and RNFL thickness in the eyes with VKH disease were observed during the 24-month follow-up period. When diagnosing or monitoring diseases including glaucoma and neuro-ophthalmic diseases that affect the retinal thickness in patients with VKH disease, we recommend considering longitudinal changes in the retinal thickness.
Identification of Rifampicin Resistance Mutations in Escherichia coli, Including an Unusual Deletion Mutation
Authors: Wu Eugene Y. , Hilliker Angela K.
Published: January 2018

Rifampicin is an effective antibiotic against mycobacterial and other bacterial infections, but resistance readily emerges in laboratory and clinical settings. We screened Escherichia coli for rifampicin resistance and identified numerous mutations to the gene encoding the β-chain of RNA polymerase (rpoB), including an unusual 9-nucleotide deletion mutation. Structural modeling of the deletion mutant indicates locations of potential steric clashes with rifampicin. Sequence conservation in the region near the deletion mutation suggests a similar mutation may also confer resistance during the treatment of tuberculosis.
Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Insulin Resistance after Two Hypocaloric Diets with Different Fat Distribution in Obese Subjects: Effect of the rs10767664 Gene Variant in Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
Authors: de Luis Daniel Antonio , Romero Enrique , Izaola Olatz , Primo David , Aller Rocío
Published: January 2018

Background: The role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) variants on change in body weight and cardiovascular risk factors after weight loss remains unclear in obese patients. Objective: Our aim was to analyze the effects of the rs10767664 BDNF gene polymorphism on body weight, cardiovascular risk factors, and serum adipokine levels after a high monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) hypocaloric diet (diet M) versus a high polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) hypocaloric diet (diet P). Methods: A Caucasian population of 361 obese patients was enrolled. Subjects who met the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated to one of two diets for a period of 3 months. Results: Two hundred and sixteen subjects (59.8%) had the genotype AA (wild-type group), and 145 (40.2%) patients had the genotypes AT (122 patients, 33.8%) or TT (23 patients, 6.4%) (mutant-type group). After weight loss with diet P and diet M and in both genotype groups, body mass index, weight, fat mass, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, serum leptin levels, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total cholesterol decreased in a significant way. Secondary to weight loss with diet M and only in the wild-type group, insulin levels (-2.1 ± 2.0 vs. -0.7 ± 2.9 IU/L, p < 0.05) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (-0.7 ± 0.9 vs. -0.3 ± 1.0 U, p < 0.05) decreased. Conclusion: Our data show that the rs10767664 variant of the BDNF gene modifies insulin resistance and insulin levels after weight loss with a hypocaloric diet enriched with MUFAs.
Microsurgical Treatment of Intraventricular Cavernoma with Prior Planning Neuroendoscopy
Authors: Nigri Flavio , Viana Jucilana dos Santos , Ferreira Pinto Pedro Henrique da Costa , Simões Elington Lannes , Telles Ribeiro Carlos Roberto
Published: January 2018

Microsurgery remains the gold standard treatment for intraventricular lesions, but it is not without limitations. The cerebral ventricles approach is considered a challenge for neurosurgeons because of their deep location and their intimate association with critical areas of the brain. It has been shown that direct endoscopic view is superior to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in identifying intraventricular structures and lesions. Also, during neuroendoscopy, there is no cerebrospinal fluid leak causing brain collapse as seen in microsurgery. Different surgical strategies should be shared and may improve and facilitate intraventricular lesions resection. Herein, a case of a successful microsurgical cavernoma resection with prior ventriculoscopy is described. A 28-year-old woman was admitted with intense holocranial headache. A mild stiff neck was observed. MRI showed a 3-cm lesion with heterogeneous signal intensity and no contrast enhancement suggestive of cavernoma. Initially, a ventriculoscopy was done to inspect the lesion and the surrounding ventricular structures. After that, a conversion technique from endoscopy to microsurgery was performed. The initial corticectomy was extended and the endoscope pathway was followed into the ventricular cavity. Then, the cavernoma was completely removed by microsurgical technique. No complications were observed. Control MRI showed total tumour removal. The patient remained asymptomatic with no recurrence after 1 year. This case illustrates a successful prior endoscopic approach followed by microsurgery as an alternative to a direct microsurgical approach for intraventricular cavernoma. A previous direct endoscopic view of the lesion and its relation with intraventricular structures may ensure a safe and complete resection by microsurgery.
Multi Matrix System Mesalazine Plus Rectal Mesalazine in the Treatment of Mild to Moderately Active Ulcerative Proctitis
Authors: Cuomo Antonio , Sgambato Dolores , D’Auria Mauro Valeriano , Miranda Agnese , Ferrante Emanuele , Romano Marco
Published: January 2018

Background: Mesalazine 1 g suppository/die is used for mild to moderately active ulcerative proctitis (UP). Whether addiction of Multi Matrix System (MMX) mesalazine increases the remission rate of UP and prevents proximal extension of disease is unknown. Methods: This is a retrospective study on 116 outpatients with UP who had been treated with one of the following regimens: (1) MMX mesalazine 1.2 g/die plus mesalazine suppositories for 8 ± 2 weeks and, subsequently, MMX mesalazine 1.2 g/die plus rectal mesalazine 1 g every other day for at least 6 months; (2) mesalazine 1 g suppositories/die alone for 8 ± 2 weeks and, subsequently, rectal mesalazine 1 g every other day for 6 more months. Patients were evaluated clinically at 2 months (±2 weeks) and endoscopically at 6 months (±2 weeks). For categorical variables, Pearson chi-square test was used. Results: A total of 46 of 55 patients (84%) on combined therapy and 49 of 61 patients (80%) on rectal mesalazine reached clinical remission (p > 0.05; OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.30–2.07). At 6 months follow-up, proximal extension of disease was observed in 7 of 55 (14%) patients on combined therapy and in 18 of 61 (29%) patients on rectal mesalazine alone (p < 0.05; OR 2.87, 95% CI 1.09–7.53). Conclusions: Oral MMX mesalazine plus rectal mesalazine combined treatment is associated with prevention of proximal extension of the disease compared with rectal mesalazine alone.
Proceedings of the 11th Congress of the International Society of Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics (ISNN 2017)
Authors: Barrington William T. , Salvador Anna C. , Hartiala Jaana A. , De Caterina Raffaele , Kohlmeier Martin , Martinez J. Alfredo , Kreutzer Carin B. , Heber David , Lusis Aldons J. , Li Zhaoping , Allayee Hooman
Published: January 2018

The International Society of Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics (ISNN) held its 11th annual Congress in Los Angeles, California, between September 16 and 19, 2017. In addition to 2 keynote lectures, 4 plenary sessions included presentations by internationally renowned speakers on cutting-edge areas of research and new discoveries in genetics/genomics, the microbiome, and nutrition. Scientific topics included multi-omics approaches; diet and the microbiome; cancer, longevity, and metabolism; moving the field forward; and translational/educational aspects and the future of medicine. There was also an accepted oral abstracts session designed specifically to provide young investigators and trainees with the opportunity to present their work, as well as a session focused on industry-academic partnerships, which included a roundtable discussion afterwards. Overall, the 11th ISNN Congress was an exciting and intellectually stimulating meeting focused on understanding the impact of biological interactions between genes and nutrients on health and disease. These efforts continued the decade-long tradition of the annual ISNN Congress to provide an interdisciplinary platform for scientists from various disciplines to discuss research ideas and advance the fields of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics.
A Nomogram to Characterize the Severity of Detrusor Overactivity during the Ice Water Test: Description of the Method and Proof of Concept
Authors: Reitz André , Hüsch Tanja , Haferkamp Axel
Published: January 2018

Aims: To develop a nomogram with severity categories for detrusor overactivity (DO). Methods: By conducting ice water tests (IWT) in 55 patients with Parkinson’s disease, we identified criteria to describe characteristics of the detrusor pressure curves: (1) a gradient of Δpdet over Δt at the maximum detrusor pressure and (2) the area under the curve. In a nomogram, 10 severity categories of DO were established: 1 and 2 were assigned to group A (mild), 3 and 4 to group B (moderate) and 5–10 to group C (severe). Results: In the nomogram, negative IWT (20) appeared in category 1. Positive IWT (35) spread over the categories 1–8, 17 in group A, 11 in group B and 7 in categories 5–10. A relationship of incontinence episodes and nomogram category was observed. The nomogram category was reproducible in repeated IWT. Therapeutic interventions to treat DO lowered the nomogram category. Conclusion: From the relationship of detrusor pressure and time in the IWT, a nomogram with 10 severity categories of DO was developed. First observations show a relationship of nomogram category and the number of incontinence episodes, reproducibility in repeated tests and the representation of effects of therapeutic interventions to treat DO.
Cytogenetic Characterization of Eight Odonata Species Originating from the Curonian Spit (the Baltic Sea, Russia) Using C-Banding and FISH with 18S rDNA and Telomeric (TTAGG)n Probes
Authors: Kuznetsova Valentina G. , Maryańska-Nadachowska Anna , Shapoval Nazar A. , Anokhin Boris A. , Shapoval Anatoly P.
Published: January 2018

We studied the karyotypes of 8 dragonfly species originating from the Curonian Spit (the Baltic Sea, Russia) using C-banding and FISH with 18S rDNA and “insect” telomeric (TTAGG)n probes. Our results show that Leucorrhinia rubicunda, Libellula depressa, L. quadrimaculata, Orthetrum cancellatum, Sympetrum danae, and S. vulgatum from the family Libellulidae, as well as Cordulia aenea and Epitheca bimaculata from the family Corduliidae share 2n = 25 (24 + X) in males, with a minute pair of m-chromosomes being present in every karyotype except for that of C. aenea. Major rDNA clusters are located on one of the large pairs of autosomes in all the species. No hybridization signals were obtained by FISH with the (TTAGG)n probe in the examined species with the only exception of S. vulgatum. In this species, clear signals were detected at the ends of almost all chromosomes. This finding raises the possibility that in Odonata the canonical “insect” (TTAGG)n telomeric repeat is in fact present but in very low copy number and is consequently difficult to detect by in situ hybridization. We conclude that more work needs to be done to answer questions about the organization of telomeres in this very ancient and thus phylogenetically important insect order.
Successful Treatment of Erythrodermic Mycosis Fungoides with Mogamulizumab Followed by Etoposide Monotherapy
Authors: Fujimura Taku , Tanita Kayo , Sato Yota , Kambayashi Yumi , Furudate Sadanori , Tsukada Akira , Hashimoto Akira , Aiba Setsuya
Published: January 2018

Mogamulizumab induces cytotoxicity against CCR4+ lymphoma cells by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphoma patients. Since the efficacy of mogamulizumab in mycosis fungoides (28.6%) is lower than that in Sézary syndrome (47.1%), reagents that enhance the antitumor immune response induced by mogamulizumab are needed to further optimize its use for the treatment of erythrodermic mycosis fungoides. In this report, we present a case of erythrodermic mycosis fungoides successfully treated with mogamulizumab followed by etoposide monotherapy.
Improving Laboratory Assessment in Disorders of Sex Development through a Multidisciplinary Network
Authors: Hannema Sabine E. , de Rijke Yolanda B.
Published: January 2018

The aim of the European Reference Network for Rare Endocrine Disorders (Endo-ERN) is to ensure equal access to high-quality care for all those affected by a rare endocrine condition across Europe, such as a disorder/difference of sex development (DSD), both for children and adults. Although differences in resources, health care systems, and health insurances between the European countries are challenging and require political action, a European laboratory network within Endo-ERN could improve the diagnostic process in individuals with DSD, building on the work done by previous European collaborations such as the COST action DSDnet. In close collaboration, clinicians and laboratory specialists must make every effort to standardize diagnostic protocols, achieve necessary harmonization of various laboratory tests, e.g., the hCG stimulation test, and implement an external quality control system. This should ideally result in comparable quality across the network centers allowing the sharing of reference values. This would not only improve patient care but also greatly facilitate research.
Preventive Cold Acclimation Augments the Reparative Function of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Mice
Authors: Peng Cheng , Wang Li-Ping , Tao Xia , Dong Xiao-Hui , Xu Chun-Fang , Jiang Yu , Liu Chun-Long , Ma Hui-Fang , Zhang Chuan , Chen Alex F , Xie He-Hui
Published: January 2018

Background/Aims: Chronic cold exposure may increase energy expenditure and contribute to counteracting obesity, an important risk factor for cerebrocardiovascular diseases. This study sought to evaluate whether preventive cold acclimation before ischemia onset might be a promising option for preventing cerebral ischemic injury. Methods: After a 14-day cold acclimation period, young and aged mice were subjected to permanent cerebral ischemia, and histological analyses and behavioral tests were performed. Mouse endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were isolated, their function and number were determined, and the effects of EPC transplantation on cerebral ischemic injury were investigated. Results: Preventive cold acclimation before ischemia onset increased EPC function, promoted ischemic brain angiogenesis, protected against cerebral ischemic injury, and improved long-term stroke outcomes in young mice. In addition, transplanted EPCs from cold-exposed mice had a greater ability to reduce cerebral ischemic injury and promote local angiogenesis compared to those from control mice, and EPCs from donor animals could integrate into the recipient ischemic murine brain. Furthermore, transplanted EPCs might exert paracrine effects on cerebral ischemic injury, which could be improved by preventive cold acclimation. Moreover, preventive cold acclimation could also enhance EPC function, promote local angiogenesis, and protect against cerebral ischemic injury in aged mice. Conclusions: Preventive cold acclimation before ischemia onset improved long-term stroke outcomes in mice at least in part via promoting the reparative function of EPC. Our findings imply that a variable indoor environment with frequent cold exposure might benefit individuals at high risk for stroke.
Downregulation of Long Non-Coding RNA Kcnq1ot1: An Important Mechanism of Arsenic Trioxide-Induced Long QT Syndrome
Authors: Jiang Yanan , Du Weijie , Chu Qun , Qin Ying , Tuguzbaeva Gulnara , Wang Hui , Li Anqi , Li Guiyang , Li Yanyao , Chai Lu , Yue Er , Sun Xi , Wang Zhiguo , Pavlov Valentin , Yang Baofeng , Bai Yunlong
Published: January 2018

Background/Aims: Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is a known anti-acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) reagent, whose clinical applications are limited by its serious cardiac toxicity and fatal adverse effects, such as sudden cardiac death resulting from long QT syndrome (LQTS). The mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmia due to ATO exposure still need to be elucidated. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as major regulators of various pathophysiological processes. This study aimed to explore the involvement of lncRNAs in ATO-induced LQTS in vivo and in vitro. Methods: For in vivo experiments, mice were administered ATO through the tail vein. For in vitro experiments, ATO was added to the culture medium of primary cultured neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes. To evaluate the effect of lncRNA Kcnq1ot1, siRNA and lentivirus-shRNA were synthesized to knockdown lncRNA Kcnq1ot1. Results: After ATO treatment, the Kcnq1ot1 and Kcnq1 expression levels were down regulated. lncRNA Kcnq1ot1 knockdown prolonged the action potential duration (APD) in vitro and exerted LQTS in vivo. Correspondingly, Kcnq1 expression was decreased after silencing lncRNA Kcnq1ot1. However, the knockdown of Kcnq1 exerted no effect on lncRNA Kcnq1ot1 expression. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this report is the first to demonstrate that lncRNA Kcnq1ot1 downregulation is responsible for QT interval prolongation induced by ATO at least partially by repressing Kcnq1 expression. lncRNA Kcnq1ot1 has important pathophysiological functions in the heart and could become a novel antiarrhythmic target.
A Novel FOXL2 Mutation Implying Blepharophimosis-Ptosis-Epicanthus Inversus Syndrome Type I
Authors: Li Fang , Chai Peiwei , Fan Jiayan , Wang Xi , Lu Wenjuan , Li Jin , Ge Shengfang , Jia Renbing , Zhang He , Fan Xianqun
Published: January 2018

Background/Aims: Blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome (BPES) is a rare autosomal dominant disease caused by FOXL2 gene mutations, and it is clinically characterized by an eyelid malformation associated (type I) or not (type II) with premature ovarian failure (POF). Functional study of novel mutations is especially critical for female patients, as it may allow the prediction of infertility and early planning of an appropriate therapy. Methods: A clinical and molecular genetic investigation was performed in all members of a Chinese family with BPES. Genomic DNA was extracted, and the FOXL2 coding region was sequenced. Subcellular localization was performed by confocal microscopy. Transactivation studies were performed by real-time PCR, dual luciferase reporter assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Results: A novel deletion mutation (C.634_641 del, CCCATGC) between the forkhead domain and the polyalanine domain was found, resulting in a frameshift mutation and a truncated protein. Functional studies showed a strong cytoplasmic mislocalization and abnormal transactivation activity, implying a type I kind mutation with a large chance of infertility. Conclusion: This study identifies that this mutation indicates the probability of developing into POF and shows the importance and necessity of early recognition of BPES type through mutation testing for female patients. Prompt personalized therapy and follow-up is of great clinical significance for female patients carrying this kind of mutation.
Tiny Obturator Node Metastasis from Prostate Cancer Not Shown by FDG-PET/CT, CT, or MRI Detected by 11C-Choline PET/CT
Authors: Kitajima Kazuhiro , Yamamoto Shingo , Odawara Soichi , Kawanaka Yusuke , Nakanishi Yukako , Hashimoto Takahiko , Yamada Yusuke , Suzuki Toru , Kanematsu Akihiro , Nojima Michio , Kimura Neinei , Zouzumi Masataka , Hirota Seiichi , Yamakado Koichiro
Published: January 2018

We report a 65-year-old male with histopathologically proven prostate cancer and multiple pelvic node metastases using a robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy procedure plus extended pelvic lymph node dissection. Positron emission tomography (PET) scan findings demonstrated a moderate accumulation of 11C-choline in a metastatic left obturator node sized 8 × 8 mm, though only a faint uptake of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) was noted. 11C-choline PET/computed tomography (CT) may be useful for the diagnosis of a tiny metastatic lymph node not demonstrated by CT, magnetic resonance imaging, or FDG-PET/CT and to determine the need for an extended pelvic lymph node dissection.
Comparative Burden of Subclinical Tremor in a Cohort of Normal Individuals Stratified by Familial Risk for Essential Tremor
Authors: Louis Elan D. , Meyers James H. , Badejo Olufunmilayo M. , Cristal Ashley D. , Hickman Ruby , Factor-Litvak Pam
Published: January 2018

Background: The burden of mild (i.e., subclinical) tremor within essential tremor (ET) families is not fully understood. We assessed the burden of mild tremor in a cohort of 287 adults, none of whom reported tremor or were diagnosed with ET. Methods: We recruited adults in 2 groups based on the familial risk for ET: 244 high-risk individuals (i.e., reporting one or more first-degree relative with ET) and 43 low-risk individuals (i.e., reporting no relatives with ET). Tremor was objectively assessed on 4 hand-drawn spirals (total spiral score = 0–12). Mild tremor was defined using 3 different cut points. Results: The prevalence rates of mild tremor among high-risk individuals ranged from 41.4 to 98.4% and were highly dependent on the cut point. Above a certain threshold (i.e., a total spiral score ≥5), 1-in-5 (i.e., 19.7%) high-risk individuals exhibited mild tremor, whereas no low-risk individuals did. High-risk individuals were 3.09–4.50 times more likely than low-risk individuals to exhibit mild tremor. Conclusion: The burden of ET extends beyond the boundaries of the clinically defined disease, and partially expressed forms of ET are abundant in ET families. This fact greatly complicates gene-finding studies and epidemiological studies whose goal is to detect disease-linked associations.
Ser antropóloga entre local e global
Authors: Mariano Esmeralda
Published: January 2018

Este artigo explora os desdobramentos e a complexidade do ser antropóloga “local” e “global”, fazendo o esforço de ultrapassar o paradigma dicotômico resultante de processos históricos e políticos, que colocam atores sociais em espaços delimitados e localizados. Estes pressupostos são explorados a partir da história do meu nome, combinando experiências intersubjetivas e a reflexividade em pesquisas sobre a sexualidade em contextos de Moçambique.
Identidades em movimento: uma etnografia em contexto de violência
Authors: Gama Aline , Peixoto Clarice
Published: January 2018

O trabalho analisa alguns movimentos em que as identidades na pesquisa com familiares de vítimas da violência do Rio de Janeiro acionam códigos de conduta ético-morais. A partir de observação participante, entrevistas e outras informações obtidas no campo, realizado entre 2009 e 2013, discutimos a relação intersubjetiva do antropólogo e a do familiar de vítima baseada no debate contemporâneo sobre identidade e alteridade. No campo, essas identidades se elaboram para superar o sofrimento individual dos familiares de vítimas em prol de causas coletivas, mas não é apenas ele que se converte em uma luta coletiva contra a violência, a partir do noticiário midiático. Guardados os devidos graus de envolvimento, o sofrimento dos familiares aciona outros como de pesquisadores, leitores e instituições que se inscrevem em uma linguagem e uma sociabilidade violentas. Entretanto, nesse trânsito identitário em situação limite pode-se perceber o surgimento de negações e do “duplo” sujeito/agente da violência urbana.
Martírio: quando os Kaiowa e Guarani fizeram contato
Authors: Pimentel Spensy K.
Published: January 2018

Martírio: quando os Kaiowa e Guarani fizeram contato
Transversalidade no Centro de Estudos Africanos em Moçambique, 1976-1986: a construção de uma nova visão nas ciências sociais
Authors: Darch Colin
Published: January 2018

Neste artigo reflito sobre um estudo de caso que aproveita dos conceitos antropológicos de transversalidade e olhar cruzado. Interrogo minha própria experiência de trabalho num centro de pesquisa em Moçambique na década de 1980, em meio a um conflito armado pós-independência, desencadeado por rebeldes e apoiado pelo regime sul-africano de apartheid. Anglófono, com experiência de trabalho em diversos países africanos, cheguei a Moçambique em 1979 incapaz de falar português ou distinguir na vida quotidiana as características locais daqueles herdados do poder colonial, uma vez que ambos me eram alheios. Além disso, a pesquisa e as práticas pedagógicas utilizadas no Centro de Estudos Africanos eram inovadoras e fora da prática normal acadêmica da época. Desta experiência, tiro três conclusões: que é necessário abordar uma nova cultura e uma nova linguagem tão livre quanto possível das expectativas anteriores, como os antropólogos costumam fazer; que, pelo menos na África, estamos agora, quarenta anos mais tarde, vivendo numa época em que o fluxo aberto de informações e experiências está cada vez mais ameaçado e, assim também, a possibilidade de transversalidades; e que, embora vivamos em circunstâncias e condições materiais que estão fora do nosso controle, como Marx aponta, fazemos nossas próprias escolhas sobre nossas próprias trajetórias.
Algumas reflexões
Authors: Moutinho Laura , Trajano Filho Wilson , Lobo Andréa
Published: January 2018

Algumas reflexões
Deslocamento de artistas negras(os) no início do século XX: invólucro, desobediência e ocupação
Authors: Brito Deise Santos de
Published: January 2018

Este artigo apresenta algumas estratégias de articulação construídas a partir do deslocamento de artistas negras(os) do início do século XX, a fim de fortalecer o contexto referente a suas gerações sucessoras. Referências teóricas decoloniais como Walter Mignolo, Lélia Gonzalez e Frantz Fanon dialogam com algumas referências da historiografia teatral, como Roberto Ruiz e Orlando de Barros, para pensar esses processos. O objetivo deste texto é reunir algumas informações que evidencie alguns encontros entre artistas negras e negros afim de colaborar na potencialização de uma historiografia cada vez mais crescente que vem abordando a presença da(o) artista negra(o) na cena brasileira.
Tentando definir a estética negra em dança
Authors: Oliveira Nadir Nóbrega
Published: January 2018

Neste artigo, procuro contextualizar observações sobre as coreografias desenvolvidas por mim e por outros coreógrafos nos blocos afro carnavalescos Bankoma, Ilê Aiyê, Malê Debalê e Olodum, cheias de significados e de movimentos, aplicando meus próprios conhecimentos, assimilados durante o doutorado no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Artes Cênicas, da Universidade Federal da Bahia, bem como conteúdos aprendidos em Dança Moderna e Danças Africanas, enquanto dançarina e aluna do professor Clyde Wesley Morgan e do coreógrafo Buly Soukol, do Balé La Linguér, Senegal.
Criatividade e comunicação intercultural cênica
Authors: Santos Inaicyra Falcão dos
Published: January 2018

As limitações conceituais acerca da dança afro ou, como a considero, africano-brasileira se devem às bases epistemológicas hegemônicas constituídas oficialmente, as quais não fornecem referenciais que difundam a diversidade artística em seus distintos aspectos e contextos. Nessa vivência, delineio a trilha concebida na tese de doutorado Corpo e ancestralidade – cuja proposta indica possibilidades de pesquisa e criação nas artes cênicas e na educação, a partir da relação entre a arte e a tradição africano-brasileira. Nessa conjunção, proponho trilhas que entrelaçam estudo, ensino e processo criativo, e, sobretudo, destaco novas possibilidades para os ensinamentos ancestrais africanos no entendimento mais amplo da comunicação intercultural na contemporaneidade.
Uma questão de identidade! Migrações e pertencimento na dinâmica do mundo globalizado
Authors: Oliveira Adriana Capuano de
Published: January 2018

In a world where human displacements have grown wildly, the aim of this article is to offer a comprehensive view of a panorama of the complexity around feelings of belonging and identity. Faced with the reality of millions of refugees and so many millions of people leaving their home countries voluntarily in search of better living and working conditions, scenes that shock world unfurl before our eyes all the time. How can we conceive the future? Based on this premise, we will focus on four sub-themes hoping that they will lead us to a better understanding of identity, belonging, nation-state, refuge, the most recent migratory flows to Brazil and the current picture of human displacements in the globalized world.
Reduced N‐Type Ca
2+
Channels in Atrioventricular Ganglion Neurons Are Involved in Ventricular Arrhythmogenesis
Authors: Zhang Dongze , Tu Huiyin , Cao Liang , Zheng Hong , Muelleman Robert L. , Wadman Michael C. , Li Yu‐Long
Published: January 2018

Background

Attenuated cardiac vagal activity is associated with ventricular arrhythmogenesis and related mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. Our recent study has shown that expression of N‐type Ca
2+
channel α‐subunits (Ca
v
2.2‐α) and N‐type Ca
2+
currents are reduced in intracardiac ganglion neurons from rats with chronic heart failure. Rat intracardiac ganglia are divided into the atrioventricular ganglion (
AVG
) and sinoatrial ganglion. Ventricular myocardium receives projection of neuronal terminals only from the
AVG
. In this study we tested whether a decrease in N‐type Ca
2+
channels in
AVG
neurons contributes to ventricular arrhythmogenesis.

Methods and Results

Lentiviral Ca
v
2.2‐α sh
RNA
(2 μL, 2×10
7
 pfu/mL) or scrambled sh
RNA
was in vivo transfected into rat
AVG
neurons. Nontransfected sham rats served as controls. Using real‐time single‐cell polymerase chain reaction and reverse‐phase protein array, we found that in vivo transfection of Ca
v
2.2‐α sh
RNA
decreased expression of Ca
v
2.2‐α
mRNA
and protein in rat
AVG
neurons. Whole‐cell patch‐clamp data showed that Ca
v
2.2‐α sh
RNA
reduced N‐type Ca
2+
currents and cell excitability in
AVG
neurons. The data from telemetry electrocardiographic recording demonstrated that 83% (5 out of 6) of conscious rats with Ca
v
2.2‐α sh
RNA
transfection had premature ventricular contractions (
P
<0.05 versus 0% of nontransfected sham rats or scrambled sh
RNA
‐transfected rats). Additionally, an index of susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias, inducibility of ventricular arrhythmias evoked by programmed electrical stimulation, was higher in rats with Ca
v
2.2‐α sh
RNA
transfection compared with nontransfected sham rats and scrambled sh
RNA
‐transfected rats.

Conclusions

A decrease in N‐type Ca
2+
channels in
AVG
neurons attenuates vagal control of ventricular myocardium, thereby initiating ventricular arrhythmias.
Preterm Delivery and Future Risk of Maternal Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Wu Pensée , Gulati Martha , Kwok Chun Shing , Wong Chun Wai , Narain Aditya , O'Brien Shaughn , Chew‐Graham Carolyn A. , Verma Ganga , Kadam Umesh T. , Mamas Mamas A.
Published: January 2018

Background

Preterm delivery (<37 weeks gestational age) affects 11% of all pregnancies, but data are conflicting whether preterm birth is associated with long‐term adverse maternal cardiovascular outcomes. We aimed to systematically evaluate and summarize the evidence on the relationship between preterm birth and future maternal risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Methods and Results

A systematic search of
MEDLINE
and
EMBASE
was performed to identify relevant studies that evaluated the association between preterm birth and future maternal risk of composite cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, stroke, and death caused by cardiovascular or coronary heart disease and stroke. We quantified the associations using random effects meta‐analysis. Twenty‐one studies with over 5.8 million women, including over 338 000 women with previous preterm deliveries, were identified. Meta‐analysis of studies that adjusted for potential confounders showed that preterm birth was associated with an increased risk of maternal future cardiovascular disease (risk ratio [
RR
] 1.43, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18, 1.72), cardiovascular disease death (
RR
1.78, 95%
CI
, 1.42, 2.21), coronary heart disease (
RR
1.49, 95%
CI
, 1.38, 1.60), coronary heart disease death (
RR
2.10, 95%
CI
, 1.87, 2.36), and stroke (
RR
1.65, 95%
CI
, 1.51, 1.79). Sensitivity analysis showed that the highest risks occurred when the preterm deliveries occurred before 32 weeks gestation or were medically indicated.

Conclusions

Preterm delivery is associated with an increase in future maternal adverse cardiovascular outcomes, including a 2‐fold increase in deaths caused by coronary heart disease. These findings support the assessment of preterm delivery in cardiovascular risk assessment in women.
Low-dimensional morphospace of topological motifs in human fMRI brain networks
Authors: Morgan Sarah E. , Achard Sophie , Termenon Maite , Bullmore Edward T. , Vértes Petra E.
Published: January 2018

We present a low-dimensional morphospace of fMRI brain networks, where axes are defined in a data-driven manner based on the network motifs. The morphospace allows us to identify the key variations in healthy fMRI networks in terms of their underlying motifs, and we observe that two principal components (PCs) can account for 97% of the motif variability. The first PC of the motif distribution is correlated with efficiency and inversely correlated with transitivity. Hence this axis approximately conforms to the well-known economical small-world trade-off between integration and segregation in brain networks. Finally, we show that the economical clustering generative model proposed by Vértes et al. ( 2012 ) can approximately reproduce the motif morphospace of the real fMRI brain networks, in contrast to other generative models. Overall, the motif morphospace provides a powerful way to visualize the relationships between network properties and to investigate generative or constraining factors in the formation of complex human brain functional networks.
Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XXXII. Athyriaceae
Authors: KESSLER MICHAEL , SMITH ALAN R.
Published: January 2018

We provide a synopsis to the fern family Athyriaceae in Bolivia, comprising the genera Athyrium, with two species, and Diplazium, with 30 species. The latter genus includes seven species endemic to Bolivia and presents numerous taxonomic problems. One new species, D. exindusiatum M.Kessler & A.R.Sm., is described.
Image Information Obtained Using a Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) Camera During an Immersion Liquid Evaporation Process for Measuring the Refractive Index of Solid Particles
Authors: Niskanen Ilpo , Sutinen Veijo , Thungström Göran , Räty Jukka
Published: January 2018

The refractive index is a fundamental physical property of a medium, which can be used for the identification and purity issues of all media. Here we describe a refractive index measurement technique to determine simultaneously the refractive index of different solid particles by monitoring the transmittance of light from a suspension using a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. An important feature of the measurement is the liquid evaporation process for the refractive index matching of the solid particle and the immersion liquid; this was realized by using a pair of volatile and non-volatile immersion liquids. In this study, refractive indices of calcium fluoride (CaF2) and barium fluoride (BaF2) were determined using the proposed method.
Early career teacher attrition in Australia: evidence, definition, classification and measurement
Authors: Weldon Paul
Published: January 2018

Scholarly articles and the Australian media claim that 30–50% of Australian teachers leave teaching within their first five years in the role. The figures are considered to be well established although some articles acknowledge that they are estimates. In reality, there is no robust Australian evidence, and figures do not agree. What evidence there is, nationally and internationally, suggests that attrition is dynamic, varies by school level and location, and is not always negative and not always due to the school environment. In the absence of Australian evidence, articles should be more cautious about figures cited, and about causation. Attention should be paid to the classification of attrition types and a typology is outlined in this article, based on the teacher supply pipeline, along with what evidence exists on teacher exits at each level. This typology may facilitate greater transparency about levels of early career teacher attrition, leading to a broader and more nuanced policy and research conversation in the area of teacher supply.
Education and Health across Lives and Cohorts: A Study of Cumulative (Dis)advantage and Its Rising Importance in Germany
Authors: Leopold Liliya , Leopold Thomas
Published: January 2018

Research from the United States has supported two hypotheses. First, educational gaps in health widen with age—the cumulative (dis)advantage hypothesis. Second, this relationship has intensified across cohorts—the rising importance hypothesis. In this article, we used 23 waves of panel data (Socio-Economic Panel Study, 1992–2014) to examine both hypotheses in the German context. We considered individual and contextual influences on the association between education and health, and we assessed gender differences in health trajectories over the life course (ages 23 to 84) and across cohorts (born between 1930 and 1969). For women, we found no support for either hypothesis, as educational gaps in self-rated health remained stable with age and across cohorts. Among men, we found support for both hypotheses, as educational gaps in self-rated health widened with age and increasingly in newer cohorts.
Weapons, Body Postures, and the Quest for Dominance in Robberies
Authors: Mosselman Floris , Weenink Don , Lindegaard Marie Rosenkrantz
Published: January 2018

Objective:

A small-scale exploration of the use of video analysis to study robberies. We analyze the use of weapons as part of the body posturing of robbers as they attempt to attain dominance.

Methods:

Qualitative analyses of video footage of 23 shop robberies. We used Observer XT software (version 12) for fine-grained multimodal coding, capturing diverse bodily behavior by various actors simultaneously. We also constructed story lines to understand the robberies as hermeneutic whole cases.

Results:

Robbers attain dominance by using weapons that afford aggrandizing posturing and forward movements. Guns rather than knives seemed to fit more easily with such posturing. Also, victims were more likely to show minimizing postures when confronted with guns. Thus, guns, as part of aggrandizing posturing, offer more support to robbers’ claims to dominance in addition to their more lethal power. In the cases where resistance occurred, robbers either expressed insecure body movements or minimizing postures and related weapon usage or they failed to impose a robbery frame as the victims did not seem to comprehend the situation initially.

Conclusions:

Video analysis opens up a new perspective of how violent crime unfolds as sequences of bodily movements. We provide methodological recommendations and suggest a larger scale comparative project.
Progress and Development: One and the Same in Latin America?
Authors: Cabalé Miranda Elizabeth , Rodríguez Pérez de Agreda Gabriel Modesto
Published: January 2018

The error of the theses about Latin America that Rodolfo Stavenhagen criticized was mainly that they attempted to impose the capitalist class’s view of the world on the rest of society and that they were hegemonic. Stavenhagen’s arguments were not only counterhegemonic but directed at social praxis and social change. As he pointed out, Latin America’s internal colonialism is the result of capitalism’s subjugating and alienating mode of production, and therefore the solution to it cannot come from more capitalism. Any project for change must begin with breaking down our countries’ enormous social differences. Progress or development in Latin America will come not from economic growth but from the introduction of modes of production associated with the solidary economy.

Las tesis sobre desarrollo en América Latina que Stavenhagen pretendió tergiversar resultaron equivocadas ante todo porque trataron de mostrar al resto de la sociedad una idea de la realidad propia del capital y porque eran hegemónicas. Los argumentos de Stavenhagen eran no solo contra-hegemónicos sino además dirigidos a la praxis social, al cambio de los social. Como el señaló, el colonialismo interno de América Latina era un resultado del despliegue del modo de producción capitalista sojuzgador y enajenante, y consecuente con ello, la solución no puede ser por mas capitalismo. No es posible proponerse ningún proyecto de cambio para el desarrollo si no se inicia por romper las abismales diferencias que existen en las sociedades de nuestros países. El progreso o el desarrollo en América Latina no está en el camino del crecimiento económico, sino en el de ir introduciendo modos de producir propios de la conocida economía solidaria.