bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El Museo Escolar como entorno inclusivo en la Educación Artística
Authors: Bajac Ana María Montserrat
Published: November 2017

Resumen: Este trabajo presenta una investigación del Museo Escolar como entorno inclusivo para la educación, un estudio a partir de la experiencia del Centro Educativo de gestión Privada “Los Laureles” del país Paraguay en la ciudad de Asunción. Que tiene como principal objetivo evaluar la calidad del Museo Escolar CEL, para la inclusión a través de la Educación Artística, de manera que sea posible determinar si el Museo Escolar puede servir como herramienta de aprendizaje interactiva que permita la integración. Tal abordaje justificaeste trabajo de investigación basándonos en la importancia de que la educación de calidad se debe desarrollar en todas sus aristas. Este propósito fue conseguido a través de fondos bibliográficos existentes, libros, artículos, materiales proporcionado por la institución educativa, fotografías, videos y todo aquello que pudiera ayudarnos a formar un marco teórico sostenible.La investigación comprobó que ya no es el museo convencional y poco flexible, sino que ha sufrido transformaciones y que los espacios que eran antes considerados como “espacios sagrados o de eruditos” han sido replanteados, como cualquier espacio donde se genere aprendizaje. Por consiguiente según lo investigado, el ambiente escolar es más que un espacio de aprendizaje, es una zona donde se entremezcla el saber, el sentido de pertenencia, la inclusión, la cooperación, la integración, la formalidad, lo informal, es un espacio que promueve la indagación e instrucción del colectivo. Palabras clave: educación artística, museo, escuela, inclusión, diversidad, innovación. Abstract: This paper presents an investigation of the School Museum as an inclusive environment for education, a study based on the experience of the Private Management Education Center "Los Laureles" of Paraguay in the city of Asunción. Its main objective is to evaluate the quality of the CEL School Museum for inclusion through Art Education, so that it is possible to determine if the School Museum can serve as an interactive learning tool that allows integration. Such an approach justifies this research work based on the importance that quality education must be developed in all its aspects. This purpose was achievedthrough existing bibliographic funds, books, articles, materials provided by the educational institution, photographs, videos and anything that could help us to form a sustainable theoretical framework.The research proved that the museum is no longer conventional and not flexible, but has undergone transformations and that spaces that were once considered as "sacred spaces or scholars" have been rethought, as any space where learning is generated. Therefore, according to the research, the school environment is more than a learning space, it is an area where knowledge, sense of belonging, inclusion, cooperation, integration, formality and informal is intermingled. Promotes the investigation and instruction of the collective. Keywords: arts education, museum, school, inclusion, diversity, innovation.http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/eari.8.10045
The role of the Judicial Morgue in Argentinas state terrorism: bureaucratic circuits of repression (1976–83)
Authors: Sarrabayrouse Oliveira María José
Published: November 2017

The military coup of March 1976 in Argentina ruptured the prevailing institutional order,
with the greater part of its repressive strategy built on clandestine practices and
tactics (death, torture and disappearance) that sowed fear across large swathes of
Argentine society. Simultaneously, the terrorist state established a parallel, de facto
legal order through which it endeavoured to legitimise its actions. Among other social
forces, the judicial branch played a pivotal role in this project of legitimisation. While
conscious of the fact that many of those inside the justice system were also targets of
oppression, I would like to argue that the dictatorship‘s approach was not to establish a
new judicial authority but, rather, to build upon the existing institutional structure,
remodelling it to suit its own interests and objectives. Based on an analysis of the
criminal and administrative proceedings that together were known as the Case of the
judicial morgue, this article aims to examine the ways in which the bodies of the
detained-disappeared that entered the morgue during the dictatorship were handled, as well
as the rationales and practices of the doctors and other employees who played a part in
this process. Finally, it aims to reflect upon the traces left by judicial and
administrative bureaucratic structures in relation to the crimes committed by the
dictatorship, and on the legal strategies adopted by lawyers and the families of the
victims.
Forensic anthropology in crisis settings: a required component of investigation in the world‘s trouble spots
Authors: Ferllini Roxana
Published: November 2017

This article presents an account of the involvement of forensic anthropology in the
investigation of human rights abuses in the modern era, and the difficulties it faces with
respect to lack of adequate funding, volatile settings, the presence of unexploded
ordnance, corruption in governmental agencies and a lack of good will, absence of support
for NGOs and the curtailment of formal judicial proceedings to effect transitional
justice. Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan, Spain, Mexico and the Northern Triangle are provided as
regional examples of the problems encountered when attempting to conduct forensic
anthropological investigations to locate mass graves, retrieve victims and obtain proper
identifications. Interventions by various organisations are highlighted to illustrate
their assistance to forensic and non-forensic individuals through technical support,
training and mentoring in the areas of crime-scene management and identification
techniques. Interventions in mass-grave processing when state agencies have failed, the
importance of DNA banks and information from family members and witnesses are also
presented.
THE CONTRIBUTION TO THE GROUNDWATER QUANTITIES CALCULATIONS IN CRITICAL SECTIONS OF LANDSLIDES – EXAMPLE LANDSLIDE „MRAKUŠA“ IN SARAJEVO
Authors: Skopljak Ferid
Published: November 2017

The hydrogeological investigations are inevitable in the whole process in defining of engineergeological field characteristics and the drafting of landsllides rehabilitation project, but the main goal of these investigations is the groundwater quantities calculations in critical sections of landslides. For gain of exact input parameters for groundwater quantities calculations in critical sections of landslides, it is neccessary to define hydrogeological categories and the function of rock masses, the rock filtration characteristics, hydrodynamic characteristics of groundwater, the level and the angle of groundwater, hydraulic gradient, the directions and filtration speed of groundwater, the conditions of intake recharge and draining of groundwater, hydrogeological and hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater and other factors and elements of groundwater regime. In this paper the example of groundwater quantities calculations in critical sections of landslides is shown, based on the results of hydrogeological investigations and examinations in rehabilitation of landslide “Mrakuša” in Sarajevo.
SEISMIC ACTIVITIES AND SEISMOTECTONIC FAULTS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Authors: Spona Uzeir
Published: November 2017

Earthquakes are one of the biggest hazards of humanity. Even today it is not possible to predict the exact magnitude, location and time of an earthquake, but, nevertheless, modern seismology and science are able to point to the potential danger and risk of earthquake-like movements in an area, at one time. Some of the signs that announce the earthquake are the changes in magnetic and electric field of the Earth, changes in groundwater levels, radon, ground deformation, tremors, changes in animal behavior, etc. ... In order to make any measurements in this direction, the location of seismic cracks in a particular area must be known. Here are given the locations of seismic cracks in the area of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
APLICATION OF LOCAL CEMENT FOR CEMENTING OIL WELLS IN THE SOUTH EASTERN REGION OF THE PANNONIAN BASIN
Authors: Bošković Zvonimir , Čebašek Vladimir , Gojković Nebojša
Published: November 2017

Wells conditions are different in wide range of temperature and depth. Cement slurries in such conditions have to remain pumpable and after setting to stay homogenous in production well life. For cementing operations in wide range of temperature and pressure and to accommodate cement slurries for individual well requirements more than 50 additives are now used for various API classes of cement. Laboratory in NIS – National oil company of Serbia, provides cement analysis of dry cement, tests on cement slurries and cement stone in compliance with methods prescribed by API standard, whereby quality and type of equipment fully meet the requirements. Adaptation of the local cement to the well conditions had already been done by these additives and by numerous tests of pure cement and cement mixtures we developed a palette of typical cement mixtures for cementing oil wells in the south eastern region of the Pannonian basin.
RESEARCH ON THE EFFECTS OF PAVEMENT SURFACE CONDITION ON ROAD TRAFFIC NOISE
Authors: Pozder Mirza
Published: November 2017

The noise is meant by all unwanted sounds. As the years were passing by the noise has become more and more intense. European Union adopted Directive 2002/49/EC recognizing noise pollution problem. During the processes of planning and designing, and after the construction of new roads, it is of major importance to determine the level of traffic noise which is going to occur or which has already occurred. For that purposes mathematical models for prediction of noise emission and dispersion have been used. The aim of this paper is to represent the results of the research on the effects of pavement surface condition on road traffic noise. Research results were used to develop noise prediction models.
Revisiting the tryptophan-serotonin deficiency and the inflammatory hypotheses of major depression in a biopsychosocial approach
Authors: Baranyi Andreas , Amouzadeh-Ghadikolai Omid , von Lewinski Dirk , Breitenecker Robert J. , Rothenhäusler Hans-Bernd , Robier Christoph , Baranyi Maria , Theokas Simon , Meinitzer Andreas
Published: November 2017

Background

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to identify important biopsychosocial correlates of major depression. Biological mechanisms, including the inflammatory and the tryptophan-serotonin deficiency hypotheses of major depression, were investigated alongside health-related quality of life, life satisfaction, and social support.

Methods

The concentrations of plasma tryptophan, plasma kynurenine, plasma kynurenic acid, serum quinolinic acid, and the tryptophan breakdown to kynurenine were determined alongside health-related quality of life (Medical Outcome Study Form, SF-36), life satisfaction (Life Satisfaction Questionnaire, FLZ), and social support (Social Support Survey, SSS) in 71 depressive patients at the time of their in-patient admittance and 48 healthy controls.

Results

Corresponding with the inflammatory hypothesis of major depression, our study results suggest a tryptophan breakdown to kynurenine in patients with major depression, and depressive patients had a lower concentration of neuroprotective kynurenic acid in comparison to the healthy controls (Mann–Whitney-U: 1315.0; p = 0.046). Contradicting the inflammatory theory, the concentrations of kynurenine (t: −0.945; df = 116; p = 0.347) and quinolinic acid (Mann-Whitney-U: 1376.5; p = 0.076) in depressive patients were not significantly different between depressed and healthy controls. Our findings tend to support the tryptophan-serotonin deficiency hypothesis of major depression, as the deficiency of the serotonin precursor tryptophan in depressive patients (t: −3.931; df = 116; p < 0.001) suggests dysfunction of serotonin neurotransmission. A two-step hierarchical linear regression model showed that low tryptophan concentrations, low social support (SSS), occupational requirements (FLZ), personality traits (FLZ), impaired physical role (SF-36), and impaired vitality (SF-36) predict higher Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) scores.

Discussion

Our study results argue for the validity of a biopsychosocial model of major depression with multiple pathophysiological mechanisms involved.
A Comparative Analysis of Access to Education for Students with Disabilities in Brazil, Canada, and South Africa
Authors: Kiru Elisheba , Cooc North
Published: November 2017

Access to education for children with disabilities remains a significant challenge in many countries despite international agreement of its importance. This paper describes results from a comparative analysis of education for students with disabilities in Brazil, Canada, and South Africa with a focus on how differences in disability policies, pedagogy, professional development for teachers, and sociocultural factors shape access to schooling in these three countries. The paper also reviews relevant literature to discuss how structural and cultural barriers can exacerbate exclusionary practices. The analysis highlights ways that these countries and others can increase participation in society and enhance quality of life for individuals with disabilities.
Gravity‐Driven Deposits in an Active Margin (Ionian Sea) Over the Last 330,000 Years
Authors: Köng Eléonore , Zaragosi Sébastien , Schneider Jean‐Luc , Garlan Thierry , Bachèlery Patrick , Sabine Marjolaine , San Pedro Laurine
Published: November 2017

In the Ionian Sea, the subduction of the Nubia plate underneath the Eurasia plate leads to an important sediment remobilization on the Calabrian Arc and the Mediterranean Ridge. These events are often associated with earthquakes and tsunamis. In this study, we analyze gravity‐driven deposits in order to establish their recurrence time on the Calabrian Arc and the western Mediterranean Ridge. Four gravity cores collected on ridges and slope basins of accretionary prisms record turbidites, megaturbidites, slumping and micro‐faults over the last 330,000 years. These turbidites were dated by correlation with a hemipelagic core with a multi‐proxy approach: radiometric dating, δ18O, b* colour curve, sapropels and tephrochronology. The origin of the gravity‐driven deposits was studied with a sedimentary approach: grain‐size, lithology, thin section, geochemistry of volcanic glass. The results suggest three periods of presence/absence of gravity‐driven deposits: a first on the western lobe of the Calabrian Arc between 330,000 and 250,000 years, a second between 120,000 years and present day on the eastern lobe of the Calabrian Arc and over the last 60,000 years on the western lobe, and a third on the Mediterranean Ridge over the last 37,000 years. Return times for gravity‐driven deposits are around 1,000 years during the most important record periods. The turbidite activity also highlights the presence of volcaniclastic turbidites that seems to be link to the Etna changing morphology over the last 320,000 years.
Lateral Variations in SKS Splitting Across the MAGIC Array, Central Appalachians
Authors: Aragon John C. , Long Maureen D. , Benoit Margaret H.
Published: November 2017

The eastern margin of North America has been shaped by several cycles of supercontinent assembly. These past episodes of orogenesis and continental rifting have likely deformed the lithosphere, but the extent, style, and geometry of this deformation remain poorly known. Measurements of seismic anisotropy in the upper mantle can shed light on past lithospheric deformation, but may also reveal contributions from present‐day mantle flow in the asthenosphere. Here we examine SKS waveforms and measure splitting of SKS phases recorded by the MAGIC experiment, a dense transect of seismic stations across the central Appalachians. Our measurements constrain small‐scale lateral variations in azimuthal anisotropy and reveal distinct regions of upper mantle anisotropy. Stations within the present‐day Appalachian Mountains exhibit fast splitting directions roughly parallel to the strike of the mountains and delay times of about 1.0 s. To the west, transverse component waveforms for individual events reveal lateral variability in anisotropic structure. Stations immediately to the east of the mountains exhibit complicated splitting patterns, more null SKS arrivals, and a distinct clockwise rotation of fast directions. The observed variability in splitting behavior argues for contributions from both the lithosphere and the asthenospheric mantle. We infer that the sharp lateral transition in splitting behavior at the eastern edge of the Appalachians is controlled by a change in anisotropy in the lithospheric mantle. We hypothesize that beneath the Appalachians, SKS splitting reflects lithospheric deformation associated with Appalachian orogenesis, while just to the east this anisotropic signature was modified by Mesozoic rifting.
Paleomagnetic and Geochronologic Results of Latest Cretaceous Lava Flows From the Lhasa Terrane and Their Tectonic Implications
Authors: Ma Yiming , Yang Tianshui , Bian Weiwei , Jin Jingjie , Wang Qiang , Zhang Shihong , Wu Huaichun , Li Haiyan , Cao Liwan , Yuan Haifan , Ding Jikai
Published: November 2017

To position the Asian southern margin before the India‐Asia collision, paleomagnetic and geochronologic studies were performed on the Dianzhong Formation lava flows from the Shiquanhe area of the westernmost Lhasa terrane (LT). Zircon U‐Pb analyses dated the lava flows to ~69.5 ± 2.5 Ma. The characteristic remanent magnetization directions contain antipodal polarities and pass fold tests, implying that they are primary magnetizations; this interpretation is supported by rock‐magnetic analyses and petrographic observations. Forty‐four site‐mean directions were divided into 17 statistically independent direction groups. The group‐mean direction after tilt correction is Ds = 43.3°, Is = 30.3°, k = 28.0, α95 = 6.9°. The corresponding paleopole at 47.8°N, 181.4°E (A95 = 6.4°) yields a paleolatitude of 16.6° ± 6.4°N for the Shiquanhe area of westernmost Tibet (32.34°N, 80.12°E). Consistent paleolatitudes for the southern margin of the LT calculated from the western and central part of the LT indicate that the leading edge of the LT was aligned relatively W‐E. When compared with the reference pole at 70 Ma for Eurasia, this new paleopole suggests that crustal shortening between the Shiquanhe area and stable Asia was 1,500 ± 800 km. This is supported by the crustal shortening (600–1,000 km) absorbed by Cenozoic thrust and fold belts within this area, indicating that the magnitude of crustal shortening within Asia north of the India‐Asia suture zone was similar in the central and western part of the plateau.
A Lagrangian View of Spring Phytoplankton Blooms
Authors: Kida Shinichiro , Ito Takamitsu
Published: November 2017

The mechanisms of spring phytoplankton blooms are investigated from a Lagrangian framework by using a Lagrangian NPZD model that can track the movement and transfers of nutrient parcels in a turbulent environment. The model reveals that the onset of spring blooms depends on the cumulative euphotic age, which is the total time that inorganic nutrient is exposed to light before the photosynthetic conversion to phytoplankton biomass. A spring bloom, defined as a tenfold increase of near‐surface phytoplankton, occurs when this cumulative euphotic age is approximately
, where
is the effective growth rate in the euphotic layer, regardless of the underlying mechanism. If the turbulent layer depth is shallower than the critical depth and turbulence is strong, nutrient parcels accumulate enough light exposure through multiple entries to the sun‐lit zone near the surface. If turbulence is weak, as that considered in the critical turbulence theory, the accumulation of the light exposure depends on the residence time of the nutrients parcels near the surface. The spectral shape of the cumulative euphotic age can clearly distinguish these two modes of spring blooms. The spectrum shows a peak at the theoretical growth timescale when multiple entries become important, while it shows a maximum near age zero that decays with age when the near‐surface residence time becomes important. Mortality increases the cumulative euphotic age necessary for a bloom but does not affect the spectral shape, suggesting that it does not alter the primary mechanism behind the accumulation of cumulative euphotic age.
Compositional and Tribo‐Mechanical Characterization of Ti‐Ta Coatings Prepared by Confocal Dual Magnetron Co‐Sputtering
Authors: Bahrami Amin , Álvarez Jonatán Pérez , Depablos‐Rivera Osmary , Mirabal‐Rojas Roberto , Ruíz‐Ramírez Agustin , Muhl Stephen , Rodil Sandra E.
Published: November 2017

Titanium‐Tantalum coatings are deposited by magnetron co‐sputtering technique, using independently driven titanium and tantalum targets. The effect of the Ta content on the structure, mechanical, and wear properties of Ti films is investigated. It is found that the percentage of the added Ta varies linearly from 3.7 to 31.3 at% by increasing the power applied to the Ta target from 10 to 100 W. The XRD results show that the coatings are crystalline, and there is no evidence of the formation of intermetallic phases, instead formation of metastable phases of α″ and β depending on Ta content are observed, though the samples are deposited at low temperature (150 °C). It is shown that the elastic strain to failure (H/Er; hardness to reduced elastic moduli ratio) can be increased by 40% through the formation of crystalline phases with a lower E, while the hardness remains constant. The tribological study shows that increasing the Ta content up to 14.9 at% causes a significant improvement in adhesion of the coating to a soft metallic substrate.
Flexible Modulation of Electronic Band Structures of Wide Band Gap GaN Semiconductors Using Bioinspired, Nonbiological Helical Peptides
Authors: Mehlhose Sven , Frenkel Nataliya , Uji Hirotaka , Hölzel Sara , Müntze Gesche , Stock Daniel , Neugebauer Silvio , Dadgar Armin , Abuillan Wasim , Eickhoff Martin , Kimura Shunsaku , Tanaka Motomu
Published: November 2017

Modulation of the electronic band profiles of wide band gap GaN semiconductors is achieved by the macromolecular dipole potentials exerted from ordered monolayers of synthetic, nonbiological aldehyde terminated helical peptides deposited on wet chemically oxidized GaN surfaces functionalized with aminosilanes. The selective coupling of either N‐ or C‐terminal to the amino‐terminated surface enables one to control the direction of the dipole moment, while the number of amino acids determines its magnitude. After confirming the formation of highly ordered peptide monolayers, the impact of macromolecular dipole potentials is quantified by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Moreover, the chronoamperometry measurements of ferrocene‐terminated peptides suggest that the transfer of electrons injected from ferrocene follows inelastic hopping, while the current responses of peptides with no ferrocene moieties are purely capacitive. Finally, the same functionalization steps are transferred to GaN/AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor structures. Stable and quantitative modulation of the current–voltage characteristics of the 2D electron gas by the deposition of bioinspired peptides is a promising strategy for the macromolecular dipole engineering of GaN semiconductors.
Antiferromagnetic Pyrite as the Tumor Microenvironment‐Mediated Nanoplatform for Self‐Enhanced Tumor Imaging and Therapy
Authors: Tang Zhongmin , Zhang Huilin , Liu Yanyan , Ni Dalong , Zhang Hua , Zhang Jiawen , Yao Zhenwei , He Mingyuan , Shi Jianlin , Bu Wenbo
Published: November 2017

Several decades of research have identified the specific tumor microenvironment (TME) to develop promising nanotheranostics, such as pH‐sensitive imaging, acidity‐sensitive starving therapy, and hydrogen peroxide‐activated chemotherapy, etc. Herein, a novel TME‐mediated nanoplatform employing antiferromagnetic pyrite nanocubes is presented, exploiting the intratumoral, overproduced peroxide for self‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and photothermal therapy (PTT)/chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Through the activation of excessive peroxide in the tumor microenvironment, pyrite can lead to in situ surface oxidation and generate hydroxyl radicals to kill tumor cells (i.e., CDT). The increase of the valence state of surface Fe significantly promotes the performance of MRI accompanied by CDT. Furthermore, the localized heat by photothermal treatment can accelerate the intratumoral Fenton process, enabling a synergetic PTT/CDT. To our best knowledge, this is the first study to use the TME‐response valence‐variable strategy based on pyrite for developing a synergetic nanotheranostic, which will open up a new dimension for the design of other TME‐based anticancer strategies.
Wafer‐Scale Synthesis of Reliable High‐Mobility Molybdenum Disulfide Thin Films via Inhibitor‐Utilizing Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Jeon Woojin , Cho Yeonchoo , Jo Sanghyun , Ahn Ji‐Hoon , Jeong Seong‐Jun
Published: November 2017

A reliable and rapid manufacturing process of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) with atomic‐scale thicknesses remains a fundamental challenge toward its successful incorporation into high‐performance nanoelectronics. It is imperative to achieve rapid and scalable production of MoS2 exhibiting high carrier mobility and excellent on/off current ratios simultaneously. Herein, inhibitor‐utilizing atomic layer deposition (iALD) is presented as a novel method to meet these requirements at the wafer scale. The kinetics of the chemisorption of Mo precursors in iALD is governed by the reaction energy and the steric hindrance of inhibitor molecules. By optimizing the inhibition of Mo precursor absorption, the nucleation on the substrate in the initial stage can be spontaneously tailored to produce iALD‐MoS2 thin films with a significantly increased grain size and surface coverage (>620%). Moreover, highly crystalline iALD‐MoS2 thin films, with thicknesses of only a few layers, excellent room temperature mobility (13.9 cm2 V−1 s−1), and on/off ratios (>108), employed as the channel material in field effect transistors on 6″ wafers, are successfully prepared.
Genetic analysis of samples from wild populations opens new perspectives on hybridization between long‐tailed (Macaca fascicularis) and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Bunlungsup Srichan , Kanthaswamy Sree , Oldt Robert F. , Smith David Glenn , Houghton Paul , Hamada Yuzuru , Malaivijitnond Suchinda
Published: November 2017

In the past decade, many researchers have published papers about hybridization between long‐tailed and rhesus macaques. These previous works have proposed unidirectional gene flow with the Isthmus of Kra as the zoogeographical barrier of hybridization. However, these reports analyzed specimens of unknown origin and/or did not include specimens from Thailand, the center of the proposed area of hybridization. Collected specimens of long‐tailed and rhesus macaques representing all suspected hybridization areas were examined. Blood samples from four populations each of long‐tailed and rhesus macaques inhabiting Thailand, Myanmar, and Laos were collected and analyzed with conspecific references from China (for rhesus macaques) and multiple countries from Sundaic regions (for long‐tailed macaques). Ninety‐six single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers specifically designed to interrogate admixture and ancestry were used in genotyping. We found genetic admixture maximized at the hybrid zone (15–20°N), as well as admixture signals of varying strength in both directions outside of the hybrid zone. These findings show that the Isthmus of Kra is not a barrier to gene flow from rhesus to long‐tailed populations. However, to precisely identify a southernmost barrier, if in fact a boundary rather than simple isolation by distance exists, the samples from peninsular Malaysia must be included in the analysis. Additionally, a long‐tailed to rhesus gene flow boundary was found between northern Thailand and Myanmar. Our results suggest that selection of long‐tailed and rhesus macaques, the two most commonly used non‐human primates for biomedical research, should take into account not only the species identification but also the origin of and genetic admixture within and between the species.
Removal of ammonium‐nitrogen from aqueous solution using chitosan‐coated bentonite: Mechanism and effect of operating parameters
Authors: de Luna Mark Daniel G. , Futalan Cybelle M. , Jurado Climaco A. , Colades James I. , Wan Meng‐Wei
Published: November 2017

Wastewater containing high concentration of ammonium‐nitrogen (
) is not effectively addressed by biological treatment and when released into water bodies can cause eutrophication. In this study, the removal of
from simulated wastewater using chitosan‐coated bentonite (CCB) was investigated. The effects of
salt used, pH, CCB dosage, agitation rate, and temperature on the removal of
were studied. The highest
removal of 67.5% was attained at the following conditions: initial pH 4.0, CCB dose of 8.0 g, agitation rate of 150 rpm, and temperature of 35 °C. Fourier transform infrared analysis indicated two mechanisms:
adsorption onto CCB involving hydrogen bonding with hydroxyl groups (OH) and ion exchange between
and cations present in the interlayer of bentonite. Experimental data follows the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model (R2 = 0.9964) and Koble–Corrigan isotherm (R2 = 0.9705). Thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption process is spontaneous (ΔG0 < 0), endothermic (ΔH0 > 0) in nature, and leads to an increase in randomness at the solid–solution interface (ΔS0 > 0). © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45924.
Building and origin of bio‐based bismaleimide resins with good processability, high thermal, and mechanical properties
Authors: Ge Meiying , Miao Jia‐Tao , Yuan Li , Guan Qingbao , Liang Guozheng , Gu Aijuan
Published: November 2017

Bio‐based high performance thermosetting resins have been urgently required by cutting‐edge fields for meeting sustainable development. A new kind of high performance thermosetting resins (BA‐n) with good processability, high thermal resistance, and mechanical properties was developed based on 4,4′‐bismaleimidodiphenylmethane (BDM) and renewable bis(5‐allyloxy)‐4‐methoxy‐2‐methylphenyl)methane (ABE) from bio‐based lignin derivative. The effect of the molar ratio of allyl to imide (n) on structures and properties of BA resins were systematically researched. BA‐n resins have much better processability, thermal, and mechanical properties than their petroleum‐based counterparts, 2,2′‐diallylbisphenol A‐modified BDM (BD‐n) resins. Compared with BD‐0.86, the best available bismaleimide (BMI) resin, BA‐0.86 not only has 6 h longer process window and 13.7 °C higher glass transition temperature, but also owns the highest flexural strength and modulus among all bio‐based allyl compound‐modified BMI resins reported. The origin behind these attractive performances of BA resins is revealed by discussing the unique crosslinked structure. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45947.
Unique crystallization behavior of isotactic polypropylene in the presence of l‐isoleucine and its inhibition and promotion mechanism of nucleation
Authors: Peng Xiaoshan , Xin Zhong , Zhao Shicheng , Zhou Shuai , Shi Yaoqi , Ye Chunlin
Published: November 2017

l‐Isoleucine (l‐Ile) was identified as an efficient anti‐nucleating agent for isotactic polypropylene (iPP). At 0.08 wt %, l‐Ile could significantly decrease the peak crystallization temperature (Tcp) of iPP by up to 8 °C at a cooling rate of 20 °C/min. Furthermore, l‐Ile exhibited both anti‐nucleation and pro‐nucleation abilities; i.e., a low content of l‐Ile inhibited iPP crystallization, whereas a high content promoted iPP crystallization. The unique crystallization behavior of iPP in the presence of l‐Ile was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy (POM), and rheological measurement. According to POM, a low content of l‐Ile completely dissolved in the iPP melt, whereas a high content of l‐Ile did not. Therefore, a mechanism by which l‐Ile inhibits and promotes the nucleation of iPP was proposed. Dissolving l‐Ile molecules in the iPP melt hindered the homogeneous nucleation of iPP as a “dilution effect”; however, as the content increases, l‐Ile could not be completely dissolved in molten iPP, and the residual crystals of l‐Ile thus provided heterogeneous nucleation sites for iPP and further promoted its crystallization. Experimental evidence from rheology and POM supported this mechanism. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45956.
Querkraftmodell für Bauteile ohne Schubbewehrung unter Druck‐ und Zugbeanspruchung
Authors: Herbrand Martin , Hegger Josef
Published: November 2017

Trotz der seit über 100 Jahren währenden Forschungsbemühungen im konstruktiven Betonbau basiert die Bemessung gegen Biegeschubversagen für Bauteile ohne Querkraftbewehrung nach EC2 auf einer empirischen Gleichung. In der jüngeren Vergangenheit wurde deutlich, dass dieser Ansatz insbesondere hinsichtlich des Maßstabseffekts, der Berücksichtigung des einwirkenden Moments und des Größtkorns Defizite aufweist. Außerdem zeigte sich, dass der Ansatz für Bauteile unter Zugbeanspruchung konservativ ist, was z. B. für die Bemessung und Nachrechnung von Betonsilos problematisch ist. Aus diesem Grund wurde im Rahmen der Dissertation des Autors ein mechanisch basierter Ansatz hergeleitet, der die genannten Probleme lösen soll. Der Ansatz basiert auf der Annahme, dass eine konstante Schubspannungsübertragung über einen Biegeriss notwendig ist, um die wesentlichen Gleichgewichtsbedingungen am Betonzahn zu erfüllen. Der Ausfall des hierfür erforderlichen Mechanismus, der Rissverzahnung, ist somit ursächlich für das Biegeschubversagen. Anhand eines Rissverzahnungsgesetzes wurden geschlossene Lösungen für die Biegeschubtragfähigkeit von Stahlbetonbalken unter Berücksichtigung von Normalkräften hergeleitet. Der Vergleich mit Querkraftversuchen aus Datenbanken zeigt, dass die Effekte aus einwirkendem Moment, Maßstab und gleichzeitig wirkenden Zug‐ und Drucknormalkräften zufriedenstellend berücksichtigt werden. Das Bemessungsniveau des Ansatzes wurde anhand von probabilistischen Untersuchungen nach DIN EN 1990 nachgewiesen, womit dieser auch in der Praxis angewendet werden kann.
Erdheim‐Chester Disease with atrial mass and perinephric calcification
Authors: Villatoro‐Villar Michel , Koster Matthew J.
Published: November 2017

Key Clinical Message

Erdheim‐Chester Disease is a multi‐systemic condition characterized by non‐Langerhans histiocytic infiltration. Cardiovascular involvement with pseudotumoral infiltration of the right atrium is present in approximately one‐third of patients and may be asymptomatic. Although retroperitoneal fibrosis is common, perinephric dystrophic calcification has not been previously described.
Water‐Soluble Nanoparticle Receptors Supramolecularly Coded for Acidic Peptides
Authors: Fa Shixin , Zhao Yan
Published: November 2017

Sequence‐specific recognition of peptides is of enormous importance to many chemical and biological applications, but has been difficult to achieve due to the minute differences in the side chains of amino acids. Acidic peptides are known to play important roles in cell growth and gene expression. In this work, we report molecularly imprinted micelles coded with molecular recognition information for the acidic and hydrophobic side chains of acidic peptides. The imprinted receptors could distinguish acidic amino acids from other polar and nonpolar amino acids, with dissociation constants of tens of nanomolar for biologically active peptides containing up to 18 amino acids.
Spin‐Selective, Competitive Hydrogen‐Atom Transfer versus CH2O‐Generation from the CH4/[ReO4]+ Couple at Ambient Conditions
Authors: Zhou Shaodong , Schlangen Maria , Schwarz Helmut
Published: November 2017

The thermal gas‐phase reactions of [ReO4]+ with methane have been explored by using Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance (FT‐ICR) mass spectrometry complemented by high‐level quantum chemical calculations. Upon reacting with methane, this cluster oxide, having an even‐number of valence electrons, brings about both hydrogen‐atom abstraction (HAT) to generate [ReO4H].+ and the formation of formaldehyde. Mechanistically, HAT occurs on the ground‐state triplet surface, while for the generation of formaldehyde a two‐state reactivity scenario prevails. The branching ratio of these competing processes is affected by the rather inefficient spin‐orbit coupling to bring about the required triplet‐singlet intersystem crossing.
Methyl Fumarate‐Derived Iron Carbonyl Complexes (FumET‐CORMs) as Powerful Anti‐inflammatory Agents
Authors: Bauer Britta , Göderz Anna‐Lena , Braumüller Heidi , Neudörfl Jörg Martin , Röcken Martin , Wieder Thomas , Schmalz Hans‐Günther
Published: November 2017

Autoimmune diseases are characterized by dendritic cell (DC)‐driven activation of pro‐inflammatory T cell responses. Therapeutic options for these severe diseases comprise small molecules such as dimethyl fumarate, or “gasotransmitters” such as CO. Herein we describe the synthesis of bifunctional enzyme‐triggered CO‐releasing molecules (ET‐CORMs) that allow the simultaneous intracellular release of both CO and methyl fumarate. Using bone‐marrow‐derived DCs the impressive therapeutic potential of these methyl fumarate‐derived compounds (FumET‐CORMs) is demonstrated by strong inhibition of lipopolysaccharide‐induced pro‐inflammatory signaling pathways and blockade of downstream interleukin‐12 or ‐23 production. The data also show that FumET‐CORMs are able to transform DCs into an anti‐inflammatory phenotype. Thus, these novel compounds have great clinical potential, for example, for the treatment of psoriasis or other inflammatory conditions of the skin.
Solvent‐, Cation‐ and Anion‐Induced Structure Variations in Manganese‐Based TCNQF4Complexes: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, Electrochemistry and Their Catalytic Properties
Authors: Lu Jinzhen , Abrahams Brendan F. , Elliott Robert W. , Robson Richard , Bond Alan M. , Martin Lisandra L.
Published: November 2017

The reaction of Mn(BF4)2⋅x H2O with (Pr4N)2TCNQF4(TCNQF4=2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoro‐7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane) in a mixture of CH3OH/CH2Cl2gives a 2:3 stoichiometric complex of (Pr4N)2[Mn2(TCNQF4)3(CH3OH)2] (1). If the solvent system used for the crystallisation of1is changed to CH3OH/DMF, then a different product, [Mn(TCNQF4)(DMF)2]⋅(CH3OH)2(2), is obtained. The use of Li2TCNQF4instead of (Pr4N)2TCNQF4leads to the generation of [Mn2(TCNQF4)2(DMF)4]⋅3 DMF (3). An unexpected mixed oxidation state network with a composition of [MnII4MnIII16O10(OH)6(OCH3)24(TCNQF4)2](NO3)2⋅24 CH3OH (4), is formed if Mn(NO3)2⋅x H2O is used in place of Mn(BF4)2⋅x H2O in the reaction that leads to the formation of3. Compounds1–3have been characterised by X‐ray crystallography; FTIR, Raman and UV/Vis spectroscopy; and electrochemistry. Compound4has only been analysed by X‐ray crystallography and vibrational spectroscopy (Raman, FTIR), owing to rapid deterioration of the compound upon exposure to air. These results indicate that relatively minor changes in reaction conditions have the potential to yield products with vastly different structures. Compound1adopts an anionic 2D network with unusual π‐stacked dimers of the TCNQF42−dianion, whereas2and3are composed of similar neutral sheets of [Mn(TCNQF4)(DMF)2]. Interestingly, the solvent has a significant influence on the stacking of the sheets in the structures of2and3. In compound4, clusters with a composition of [MnII4MnIII16O10(OH)6(OCH3)24(CH3OH)4]6+serve as eight‐connecting nodes, whereas TCNQF42−ligands act as four‐connecting nodes in a 3D network that has the same topology as fluorite. Compound3exhibits an exceptionally high super‐catalytic activity for the electron‐transfer reaction between ferricyanide and thiosulfate ions in aqueous media.
Morphology and Electric Properties of Tin Oxide Composite Thin Films Prepared by Sol‐Gel Method
Authors: Li Jian‐Chang , Yuan Hai‐Lin
Published: November 2017

Undoped and Cu doped SnO2 thin films were fabricated by sol‐gel method. The influence of annealing temperature, Cu doping and the addition of polyethyleneglycol (PEG)/glycerine on the film crystallinity, morphology and electrical properties were investigated. It is shown that annealing temperature can affect the film crystallization by controlling the crystallinity of the film and adhesion between the substrate and the films. Besides, both the Cu doping and PEG/glycerine addition can reduce the cracks quantity on the film. Cu doping can form Cu: SnO2 solid solution which depress the onset of cracks. PEG/glycerine can increase the viscosity of solution which reduces the film drying speed, and thus provides more time for grain recombination and stress release. The conductivity of both the Cu: SnO2 film and films added with PEG/glycerine improved comparing with pure SnO2 film, which can be explained by the formation of oxygen vacancies induced by the Cu substitutional doping and the reduced amounts of cracks due to the additive of PEG/glycerine, respectively. This work may provide some useful information to optimize the SnO2 gas‐sensing devices.
Slack time–based scheduling scheme for live video streaming in P2P network
Authors: Pal Kunwar , Govil Mahesh Chandra , Ahmed Mushtaq
Published: November 2017

Nowadays, peer‐to‐peer network plays a significant role in data transfer and communication. The past few years have witnessed considerable growth in this area because of its inherent advantages. Peer‐to‐peer live streaming has a significant impact on video transmission over the Internet. Major factors that influence the performance of P2P live streaming are overlay construction and scheduling strategies. Although, a large number of scheduling schemes are developed but none of them is comprehensive enough to provide solutions to live streaming issues. These suffer from substantial delay and low video quality at the receiver side. In this paper, a new start‐up–based selection procedure and slack time–based scheduling scheme is proposed. The start‐up selection procedure defines the start‐up buffer location for new peer, and the scheduling scheme selects both the chunk and peers. The proposed scheduling scheme uses both push and pull priority–based strategies. The simulation results of the proposed approach demonstrates significant improvement in both the network performance and video quality at the receiver side. It is observed that playback delay, startup delay, and end‐to‐end delay in the network are reduced and quality of the video at receiver side is improved as the distortion and frame loss ratio is decreased.
Timing the developmental origins of mammalian limb diversity
Authors: Sears Karen , Maier Jennifer A. , Sadier Alexa , Sorensen Daniel , Urban Daniel J.
Published: November 2017

Mammals have highly diverse limbs that have contributed to their occupation of almost every niche. Researchers have long been investigating the development of these diverse limbs, with the goals of identifying developmental processes and potential biases that shape mammalian limb diversity. To date, researchers have used techniques ranging from the genomic to the anatomic to investigate the developmental processes shaping the limb morphology of mammals from five orders (Marsupialia, Chiroptera, Rodentia, Cetartiodactyla, and Perissodactyla). Results of these studies suggest that the differential expression of genes controlling diverse cellular processes underlies mammalian limb diversity. Results also suggest that the earliest development of the limb tends to be conserved among mammalian species, while later limb development tends to be more variable. This research has established the mammalian limb as a model system for evolutionary developmental biology, and set the stage for more in‐depth, cross‐disciplinary research into the genetic controls, tissue‐level cellular behaviors, and selective pressures that have driven the developmental evolution of mammalian limbs. Ideally, these studies will be performed in a diverse suite of mammalian species within a comparative, phylogenetic framework.
Spatially varying density dependence drives a shifting mosaic of survival in a recovering apex predator (Canis lupus)
Authors: O'Neil Shawn T. , Bump Joseph K. , Beyer Dean E.
Published: October 2017

Understanding landscape patterns in mortality risk is crucial for promoting recovery of threatened and endangered species. Humans affect mortality risk in large carnivores such as wolves (Canis lupus), but spatiotemporally varying density dependence can significantly influence the landscape of survival. This potentially occurs when density varies spatially and risk is unevenly distributed. We quantified spatiotemporal sources of variation in survival rates of gray wolves (C. lupus) during a 21‐year period of population recovery in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA. We focused on mapping risk across time using Cox Proportional Hazards (CPH) models with time‐dependent covariates, thus exploring a shifting mosaic of survival. Extended CPH models and time‐dependent covariates revealed influences of seasonality, density dependence and experience, as well as individual‐level factors and landscape predictors of risk. We used results to predict the shifting landscape of risk at the beginning, middle, and end of the wolf recovery time series. Survival rates varied spatially and declined over time. Long‐term change was density‐dependent, with landscape predictors such as agricultural land cover and edge densities contributing negatively to survival. Survival also varied seasonally and depended on individual experience, sex, and resident versus transient status. The shifting landscape of survival suggested that increasing density contributed to greater potential for human conflict and wolf mortality risk. Long‐term spatial variation in key population vital rates is largely unquantified in many threatened, endangered, and recovering species. Variation in risk may indicate potential for source‐sink population dynamics, especially where individuals preemptively occupy suitable territories, which forces new individuals into riskier habitat types as density increases. We encourage managers to explore relationships between adult survival and localized changes in population density. Density‐dependent risk maps can identify increasing conflict areas or potential habitat sinks which may persist due to high recruitment in adjacent habitats.