bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Cicadidae Periostracum Extract and Oleic Acid through Inhibiting Inflammatory Chemokines Using PCR Arrays in LPS-Induced Lung inflammation In Vitro
Authors: Hong Jung-Hee , Lee Young-Cheol
Published: June 2022

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of CP and OA treatments in LPS-stimulated lung epithelial cells on overall chemokines and their receptors using PCR arrays. In addition, we aimed to confirm those effects and mechanisms in LPS-stimulated lung macrophages on some chemokines and cytokines. In our study, CP treatments significantly inhibited the inflammatory mediators CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL6, CCL9, CCL11, CCL17, CCL20, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL5, CXCL7, CXCL10, TNF-α, and IL-6, while markedly suppressing NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation and the phosphorylations of PI3K p55, Akt, Erk1/2, p38, and NF-κB p65 in LPS-stimulated lung epithelial cells. CP treatments also significantly decreased the inflammatory mediators CCL2, CCL5, CCL17, CXCL1, and CXCL2, while markedly inhibiting phospho-PI3K p55 and iNOS expression in LPS-stimulated lung macrophages. Likewise, OA treatments significantly suppressed the inflammatory mediators CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL8, CCL11, CXCL1, CXCL3, CXCL5, CXCL7, CXCL10, CCRL2, TNF-α, and IL-6, while markedly reducing the phosphorylations of PI3K p85, PI3K p55, p38, JNK, and NF-κB p65 in LPS-stimulated lung epithelial cells. Finally, OA treatments significantly inhibited the inflammatory mediators CCL2, CCL5, CCL17, CXCL1, CXCL2, TNF-α, and IL-6, while markedly suppressing phospho-PI3K p55, iNOS, and Cox-2 in LPS-stimulated lung macrophages. These results prove that CP and OA treatments have anti-inflammatory effects on the inflammatory chemokines and cytokines by inhibiting pro-inflammatory mediators, including PI3K, Akt, MAPKs, NF-κB, iNOS, and Cox-2. These findings suggest that CP and OA are potential chemokine-based therapeutic substances for treating the lung and airway inflammation seen in allergic disorders.
Functionalised High-Performance Oxide Ceramics with Bone Morphogenic Protein 2 (BMP-2) Induced Ossification: An In Vivo Study
Authors: Migliorini Filippo , Eschweiler Jörg , Maffulli Nicola , Hildebrand Frank , Schenker Hanno
Published: June 2022

This study investigated the in vivo osseointegration potential of high-performance oxide ceramics (HPOCs) with peptide bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP-2), comparing them with titanium implants. Histomorphometry was conducted around the distal, proximal, medial, and lateral sides of the implants to quantify the amount of mature and immature ossification within the bone interface. We hypothesised that HPOCs functionalised with BMP-2 promote ossification. HPOCs functionalised with BMP-2 were manufactured at the Department of Dental Materials Science and Biomaterial Research of the RWTH University Aachen, Germany. Histomorphometry was conducted by a professional pathologist in all samples. The region of interest (ROI) represented the percentage of the surrounding area of the implant. The percentages of ROI covered by osteoid implant contact (OIC) and mature bone–implant contact (BIC) were assessed. The surrounding presence of bone resorption, necrosis, and/or inflammation was quantitatively investigated. A total of 36 rabbits were used for the experiments. No bone resorption, necrosis, or inflammation was found in any sample. At the 12-week follow-up, the overall BIC was significantly increased (p < 0.0001). No improvement was evidenced in OIC (p = 0.6). At the 6-week follow-up, the overall OIC was greater in the BMP-2 compared to the titanium group (p = 0.002). The other endpoints of interest evidenced similarity between the two implants at various follow-up time points (p > 0.05). In conclusion, alumina HPOCs functionalised with peptide BMP-2 promote in vivo ossification in a similar fashion to titanium implants.
How Is CYP17A1 Activity Altered in Autism? A Pilot Study to Identify Potential Pharmacological Targets
Authors: Gasser Benedikt Andreas , Kurz Johann , Dick Bernhard , Mohaupt Markus Georg
Published: June 2022

Background: Increasing evidence exists that higher levels of androgens can be found in individuals with autism. Evidence yields to a susceptible role of Cytochrome P450 17A1 (CYP17A1) with its catalyzation of the two distinct types of substrate oxidation by a hydroxylase activity (17-alpha hydroxylase) and C17/20 lyase activity. However, to what extent steps are altered in affected children with autism versus healthy controls remains to be elucidated. Methods: Urine samples from 48 boys with autism (BMI 19.1 ± 0.6 kg/m2, age 14.2 ± 0.5 years) and a matched cohort of 48 healthy boys (BMI 18.6 ± 0.3 kg/m2, 14.3 ± 0.5 years) as well as 16 girls with autism (BMI 17.5 ± 0.7 kg/m2, age 13.8 ± 1.0 years) and a matched cohort of 16 healthy girls (BMI 17.2 ± 0.8 kg/m2, age 13.2 ± 0.8 years) were analyzed for steroid hormone metabolites by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: The activity of 17-alpha Hydroxylase increased by almost 50%, whereas activity of 17/20 Lyase activity increased by around 150% in affected children with autism. Furthermore, the concentration of Cortisol was higher as compared to the average increase of the three metabolites TH-Corticosterone, 5α-TH-Corticosterone and TH-11β-DH-Corticosterone, indicating, in addition, a stimulation by the CRH-ACTH system despite a higher enzymatic activity. Discussion: As it was shown that oxidative stress increases the 17/20-lyase activity via p38α, a link between higher steroid hormone levels and oxidative stress can be established. However, as glucocorticoid as well as androgen metabolites showed higher values in subjects affected with autism as compared to healthy controls, the data indicate, despite higher CYP17A1 activity, the presence of increased substrate availability in line with the Cholesterol theory of autism.
Serum Metabolomic Signatures for Knee Cartilage Volume Loss over 10 Years in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Xie Zikun , Aitken Dawn , Liu Ming , Lei Guanghua , Jones Graeme , Cicuttini Flavia , Zhai Guangju
Published: June 2022

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint disorder characterized by joint structural pathological changes with the loss of articular cartilage as its hallmark. Tools that can predict cartilage loss would help identify people at high risk, thus preventing OA development. The recent advance of the metabolomics provides a new avenue to systematically investigate metabolic alterations in disease and identify biomarkers for early diagnosis. Using a metabolomics approach, the current study aimed to identify serum metabolomic signatures for predicting knee cartilage volume loss over 10 years in the Tasmania Older Adult Cohort (TASOAC). Cartilage volume was measured in the medial, lateral, and patellar compartments of the knee by MRI at baseline and follow-up. Changes in cartilage volume over 10 years were calculated as percentage change per year. Fasting serum samples collected at 2.6-year follow-up were metabolomically profiled using the TMIC Prime Metabolomics Profiling Assay and pairwise metabolite ratios as the proxies of enzymatic reaction were calculated. Linear regression was used to identify metabolite ratio(s) associated with change in cartilage volume in each of the knee compartments with adjustment for age, sex, and BMI. The significance level was defined at α = 3.0 × 10−6 to control multiple testing. A total of 344 participants (51% females) were included in the study. The mean age was 62.83 ± 6.13 years and the mean BMI was 27.48 ± 4.41 kg/m2 at baseline. The average follow-up time was 10.84 ± 0.66 years. Cartilage volume was reduced by 1.34 ± 0.72%, 1.06 ± 0.58%, and 0.98 ± 0.46% per year in the medial, lateral, and patellar compartments, respectively. Our data showed that the increased ratios of hexadecenoylcarnitine (C16:1) to tetradecanoylcarnitine (C14) and C16:1 to dodecanoylcarnitine (C12) were associated with 0.12 ± 0.02% reduction per year in patellar cartilage volume (both p < 3.03 × 10−6). In conclusion, our data suggested that alteration of long chain fatty acid β-oxidation was involved in patellar cartilage loss. While confirmation is needed, the ratios of C16:1 to C14 and C12 might be used to predict long-term cartilage loss.
Morphometric Characteristic of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) · Wuhan Strain and Its Egg Production Improved by Selectively Inbreeding
Authors: Cai Minmin , Li Li , Zhao Zhengzheng , Zhang Ke , Li Fang , Yu Chan , Yuan Rongfang , Zhou Beihai , Ren Zhuqing , Yu Ziniu , Zhang Jibin
Published: June 2022

The use of black soldier fly (BSF) larvae to recycle various organic materials while producing biomass for use as feed is well established. Variety selection is important from the perspective of application. In the current study, morphometric and life-history traits of a Wuhan-domesticated BSF colony (Wuhan strain) were compared to those of a ‘selectively inbred’ population (inbred strain, inbred for 10 generations). In terms of morphological characteristics, the results showed that both strains had dichoptic compound eyes, club-shaped antennae, blue halters, and blue-green metallic luster wings with a hexagon discal cell. In both strains, the body and wing length of female adults were slightly larger than those of male adults. The first four larval stages of the BSF occurred rapidly (1–12 days) with transitions across stages resulting in doubling of size for both populations. Selective inbreeding did not alter the life-history traits of the larval exuviate stage in terms of age, size, weight, and feed reduction rate. Overall egg production for the inbred strain was significantly higher (1.5 times greater) than the Wuhan strain. This is explained by increased adult emergence and individual oviposition performance. It was speculated that inbreeding improved the reproductive success of inbred adult female offspring and selection process steadied it. The findings indicate that selective inbreeding could enhance overall oviposition performance and provide a strategy to selectively breed BSF with high egg production for future applications.
DNA Methylation Difference between Female and Male Ussuri Catfish (Pseudobagrus ussuriensis) in Brain and Gonad Tissues
Authors: Li Pei , Chen Jian , Zhu Chuankun , Pan Zhengjun , Li Qing , Wei Huijie , Wang Guiying , Cheng Weiwei , Fu Beide , Sun Yanhong
Published: June 2022

DNA methylation has been found to be involved in sex determination and differentiation in many aquaculture species. The Ussuri catfish (Pseudobagrus ussuriensis) is a popular aquaculture fish in China with high economic value in which male-biased sex dimorphism was observed in terms of body size and body weight. In this study, DNA methylation-sensitive RAD sequencing (Methyl-RAD) was used to explore the epigenetic difference between adult male and female samples in brain and gonad tissues. In brain tissues, 5,442,496 methylated cytosine sites were found and 9.94% of these sites were from symmetric CCGG or CCWGG sites. Among these sites, 321 differential DNA methylation sites (DMSs) in 171 genes were identified, while in gonad tissues, 4,043,053 methylated cytosines sites were found in total and 11.70% of them were from CCGG or CCWGG. Among these sites, 78 differential DNA methylation sites were found which were located in 64 genes. We also found several sex-determination genes among these differential methylated genes, such as amh, gsdf and hsd11b2 in brain tissues and slco3a1, socs2 and trim47 in gonad tissues. These results provided evidence for understanding the function of DNA methylation in the sex differentiation in Pseudobagrus ussuriensis, which further deepens the relationship between gene regulation and epigenetics.
Therapeutic Effect and Optimal Electrode Placement of Transcutaneous Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation in Patients with Post-Stroke Dysphagia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Doan Thanh-Nhan , Ho Wen-Chao , Wang Liang-Hui , Chang Fei-Chun , Tran Trang Thi Quynh , Chou Li-Wei
Published: June 2022

Background: To date, there is no conclusive evidence that transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation (TNMES) benefits patients with post-stroke dysphagia (PSD). In addition, the optimal TNMES electrode placement has not been well-established. This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to investigate these two research gaps. Methods: Five major databases were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) through January 2022. Effect sizes were computed using Hedges’ g statistic, which were then entered into the random-effects model to obtain pooled effect estimates. Results: Twenty-four RCTs met the eligibility criteria. On the improvement of swallowing function, TNMES alone was not superior to conventional swallowing therapies (CSTs); combined therapy of TNMES and CSTs significantly surpassed CSTs alone (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.91, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.68 to 1.14, p < 0.0001; I2 = 63%). Moreover, significant pooled effect sizes were observed in subgroups with horizontal electrode placement above the hyoid bone (SMD = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.72 to 1.16; I2 = 0%) and horizontal electrode placement just above and below the hyoid bone (SMD = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.59 to 1.14; I2 = 0%). The largest pooled effect size was observed in the subgroup that individualized electrode placement according to dysphagia evaluation (SMD = 1.65, 95% CI: 0.38 to 2.91; I2 = 90%). Conclusion: TNMES should be used in combination with CSTs for PSD. Horizontal electrode placement should target suprahyoid muscles or both suprahyoid and thyrohyoid muscles.
Tribological Behavior and Wear Mechanism of Ni-Nano TiO2 Composite Sintered Material at Room Temperature and 600 °C
Authors: Piasecki Adam , Kotkowiak Mateusz , Tulinski Maciej , Kubiak Adam
Published: June 2022

In the present work, Ni-10 wt.%TiO2 self-lubricating composite sinters were prepared via a powder metallurgy. Commercially available powder of nickel and non-commercial nanometric titanium dioxide (approx. 30 nm size) produced by the microwave method was used. The produced sinters were characterized by evenly distributed TiO2 particles in a nickel matrix and a hardness of approx. 110 HV5. Pin-on-disc wear tests at room temperature and 600 °C were carried out. Light Microscopy (LM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the wear mechanism of sintered materials. The coefficient of friction of the Ni-10 wt.% TiO2—Inconel®625 friction pair tested at room temperature was approx. 0.52. At the test temperature of 600 °C, the same friction pair had a friction coefficient of 0.35. The main wear mechanisms in dry friction conditions at 23 °C were cutting and ploughing. At the test temperature of 600 °C, formation of tribofilm on the surfaces of the friction pair was observed, which reduces the wear by friction.
Crack-Resistant Cements under Drying: Results from Ring Shrinkage Tests and Multi-Physical Modeling
Authors: Šmilauer Vít , Reiterman Pavel , Šulc Rostislav , Schořík Petr
Published: June 2022

Cementitious materials exhibit shrinkage strain on drying, leading easily to crack formation when internally or externally restrained. It is known that cements with a slow strength gain show higher crack resistance under external drying. The ring shrinkage test can be considered an accelerated method for cracking tendency due to existing historical correlations between ring cracking time and long-term surface concrete cracking. The experimental campaign used ring shrinkage tests on 25 mortars, covering 10 commercial cements and 15 cements produced on demand, covering Portland cements and blended cements up to a 30% slag substitution. The results show that the restrained ring cracking time generally increases with lower Blaine fineness and higher slag substitution in 6 to over 207 days’ span. Upper limits for crack-resistant cements were proposed for 2-day compressive strength and Blaine fineness, in the case of Portland cements: 27.7 MPa and 290 m2/kg, respectively. A hygro-mechanical model successfully replicated strain evolution with crack formation and brittle failure. Only two out of ten commercial cements were classified as crack-resistant, while the ratio increased to 10 out of 15 cements which were produced on demand.
Influence of PWHT Parameters on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Behavior of Multi-Pass GTAW Joints of P92 Steel
Authors: Sirohi Sachin , Kumar Amit , Soni Shiva , Dak Gaurav , Kumar Sanjeev , Świerczyńska Aleksandra , Rogalski Grzegorz , Fydrych Dariusz , Pandey Chandan
Published: June 2022

The 9% Cr steels were developed for ultra-supercritical (USC) power plants to meet the requirements of high operating temperature and pressure. These steels are produced to operate at high temperatures where impact toughness is not a concern; however, it becomes important for the welded joints to have good impact toughness at room temperature for manufacturing. The present work investigates the effect of the post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) parameters, i.e., temperature and time, on the impact toughness of multi-pass gas tungsten arc welded (GTAW) joints of ferritic/martensitic grade P92 steel. The microstructural evolution in welded joints given varying post-weld temperatures and times was studied. The lath martensitic structure of the weld metal for the as-welded joints resulted in high hardness and low impact toughness. The weld fusion zone toughness was 12 J, which was lower than the minimum specified values of 41 J (ASME standards) and 47 J (EN ISO 3580:2017). The PWHT temperature and time were found to have a significant effect on the impact toughness of the weld metal. A drastic increase in the impact toughness of the weld metal was noticed, which was attributed to lath break-up, reduction in dislocation density and reduction in solid solution hardening. The maximum impact toughness of 124 J was measured for PWHT temperature and time of 760 °C and 120 min, respectively. The effect of PWHT parameters on tensile strength was also investigated, and test results showed that the joint was safe for USC boiler application as it failed from the region of the P92 base metal. The variation in microstructural evolution along the weldments resulted in hardness variation. PWHT led to homogeneity in microstructure and, ultimately, reduction in hardness value. According to the study, the optimum temperature and time for PWHT of a GTAW joint of P92 steel were found to be 760 °C and 120 min, respectively.
Analysis of the Aggregate Production Process with Different Geometric Properties in the Light Fraction Separator
Authors: Gawenda Tomasz , Surowiak Agnieszka , Krawczykowska Aldona , Stempkowska Agata , Niedoba Tomasz
Published: June 2022

This article presents an analysis of separation results in a specially designed and activated light fraction separator used to remove impurities from mineral aggregates. Laboratory tests conducted on a quarter-technical scale involved performing experiments to ascertain the scope for adjusting the variable settings of the separator operating parameters. These include the frequency and amplitude of pulsation, the height of the heavy-product reception threshold, the size of water flow and variations in the grain size and shape of the feed. During the experiments, the degrees of chalcedonite and dolomite grain purification were studied within the range of grain size for the feed: (2.0–4.0 mm for small grains, 8.0–16.0 for coarse grains and 2.0–16.0 mm for a wide range of grain sizes). The effects of the separator were assessed based on the amount of organic impurities in each heavy product. In all experiments, very good results were obtained, because the percentage of impurities in the product after separation was below 1% in accordance with the assumed technological standard assumption. Regarding the obtained content of light impurities with the separator set to optimal operating parameters, the percentage of light impurities in the product content was reduced to below 0.1%, which meets the guidelines described according to applicable standards. Multi-variant analysis allowed the optimal operating ranges of the separator to be determined, producing refined aggregate in terms of grain size and shape. The final results were also linked to the performance of the device, and its model dependencies were also determined.
Iron Oxide Magnetic Nanoparticles with a Shell Made from Nanosilver—Synthesis Methodology and Characterization of Physicochemical and Biological Properties
Authors: Kędzierska Magdalena , Drabczyk Anna , Jamroży Mateusz , Kudłacik-Kramarczyk Sonia , Głąb Magdalena , Potemski Piotr , Tyliszczak Bożena
Published: June 2022

The interest in magnetic nanoparticles is constantly growing, which is due to their unique properties, of which the most useful is the possibility of directing their movement via an external magnetic field. Thus, applications may be found for them as carriers in targeted drug delivery. These nanomaterials usually form a core in a core–shell structure, and a shell may be formed via various compounds. Here, nanosilver-shelled iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles were developed. Various reaction media and various Arabic gum (stabilizer) solution concentrations were investigated to verify those that were most beneficial one in limiting their agglomeration as much as possible. The essential oil of lavender was proposed as a component of such a medium; it was used alone or in combination with distilled water as a solvent of the stabilizer. The particle size was characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), the chemical structure was characterized via FT-IR spectroscopy, the crystallinity was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the surface morphology and elemental composition were verified via the SEM-EDS technique. Moreover, UV-Vis spectrophotometry was used to verify the presence of the shell made of nanosilver. Importantly, the particles’ pro-inflammatory activity and cytotoxicity towards L929 murine fibroblasts were also characterized. It was demonstrated that a 3% stabilizer solution provided a preparation of Fe3O4@Ag particles, but its stabilizing effect was not sufficient, as a suspension with micrometric particles was obtained; thus it was necessary to apply 4 h of sonication for their crushing. Next, the oil/water reaction medium was verified as beneficial in terms of nanoparticle formation. In such reaction conditions, the formation of particle agglomerates was strongly limited, and after 15 min of sonication a suspension containing only nanoparticles was obtained. The presence of a nanosilver shell was confirmed spectrophotometrically via XRD and SEM-EDS techniques. Importantly, the developed nanomaterials showed no cytotoxicity towards murine fibroblasts and no pro-inflammatory activity.
Extraction of Rhenium and Osmium from Lead Technogenic Raw Materials of Copper Production
Authors: Feruza Berdikulova , Abdurassul Zharmenov , Alma Terlikbaeva , Alimgazy Sydykov , Akmaral Serikbayeva
Published: June 2022

Lead sludge from copper production is a source of rare metals, such as rhenium and osmium, whose content reaches 0.06–0.08% and 0.0025–0.0050%, respectively. The base of the sludge consists of lead sulfate. A method of reductive smelting of lead sludge from copper smelting production at 1000–1100 °C has been developed. Coke was used as a reducing agent and sodium sulfate as a slag-forming material. Optimal conditions for selective extraction of rare metals in smelting products were found: osmium in the form of metallic form into raw lead and rhenium in the form of perrhenate compound Na5ReO6 into sodium-sulfate slag. The developed technology makes it possible to extract rhenium with a high degree of extraction in the form of water-soluble compounds for the subsequent production of commercial salts of rhenium by the known hydrometallurgical methods. The content of rhenium in the slag phase is 0.18–0.25%, with its initial content in the slime of 0.06–0.08%. The degree of rhenium concentration at the first stage of processing is 3–3.2 times in the form of water-soluble perrhenate. Osmium and lead do not form solid solutions; osmium in crude lead is mainly concentrated in the lower zones of lead. A method of obtaining a concentrate containing 53–67% osmium from raw lead with an initial content of 0.0025–0.0050% in the slurry and a concentration number of 13,000–21,000 times has been proposed.
Synthesis and Physical Properties of NbMnP Single Crystals
Authors: Zhao Jianda , Shu Zhixue , Mudiyanselage Ranuri S. Dissanayaka , Xie Weiwei , Kong Tai
Published: June 2022

Single crystalline NbMnP was grown by the high-temperature solution growth technique and characterized by room temperature X-ray diffraction, temperature- and field-dependent magnetization, temperature-dependent resistivity, and heat capacity measurements. NbMnP is isostructural to TiNiSi with the space group of Pnma. Physical characterizations suggest that NbMnP is metallic and goes through an anti-ferromagnet transition at around 230 K with a weak magnetic anisotropy. A small ferromagnetic component is found to be perpendicular to [010].
Antitumor Potential of Immunomodulatory Natural Products
Authors: Nuzzo Genoveffa , Senese Giuseppina , Gallo Carmela , Albiani Federica , Romano Lucia , d’Ippolito Giuliana , Manzo Emiliano , Fontana Angelo
Published: June 2022

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally. Anticancer drugs aim to block tumor growth by killing cancerous cells in order to prevent tumor progression and metastasis. Efficient anticancer drugs should also minimize general toxicity towards organs and healthy cells. Tumor growth can also be successfully restrained by targeting and modulating immune response. Cancer immunotherapy is assuming a growing relevance in the fight against cancer and has recently aroused much interest for its wider safety and the capability to complement conventional chemotherapeutic approaches. Natural products are a traditional source of molecules with relevant potential in the pharmacological field. The huge structural diversity of metabolites with low molecular weight (small molecules) from terrestrial and marine organisms has provided lead compounds for the discovery of many modern anticancer drugs. Many natural products combine chemo-protective and immunomodulant activity, thus offering the potential to be used alone or in association with conventional cancer therapy. In this review, we report the natural products known to possess antitumor properties by interaction with immune system, as well as discuss the possible immunomodulatory mechanisms of these molecules.
Assessing the effectiveness of periodic medical examinations of workers working in harmful and hazardous working conditions in the Republic of Bashkortostan during the pandemic COVID-19
Authors:   FBSI Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Medicine and Human Ecology, Department of Therapy and Occupational Diseases with a IFPE course of the FSBEI HE Bashkir State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Valeeva Elvira Timerianovna , Galimova Rasima Rasikhovna ,   FBSI Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Medicine and Human Ecology, Shaikhlislamova Elmira Radikovna ,   FBSI Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Medicine and Human Ecology, Department of Therapy and Occupational Diseases with a IFPE course of the FSBEI HE Bashkir State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Bakirov Akhat Barievich ,   FBSI Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Medicine and Human Ecology, Department of Therapy and Occupational Diseases with a IFPE course of the FSBEI HE Bashkir State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Girfanova Lyudmila Vilievna ,   FBSI Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Medicine and Human Ecology, Khafizova Alsu Spartakovna ,   FBSI Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Medicine and Human Ecology
Published: June 2022

In recent years, throughout the Russian Federation, in the conditions of the Covid -19 pandemic, there has been a sharp deterioration in the demographic situation, the mortality rate of the able-bodied population is increasing, the growth of which is undoubtedly influenced by harmful/dangerous working conditions. In the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, conducting and organizing periodic medical examinations proved to be a very difficult task, as a result of which their quality continued to deteriorate. The final acts and annual reports on the results of medical examinations in the Republic of Bashkortostan for 2019–2020 were used to perform the work. At the enterprises of the republic, out of 1 million 190 thousand employees, 32.4 % work in conditions that do not meet hygienic standards. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the percentage of coverage of employees with periodic medical examinations in 2020 decreased sharply compared to 2019 and ranged from 70.0 to 95.6 % in different regions; the detection of persons with signs of occupational disease also decreased by 20 %, which led to a sharp decrease in occupational morbidity rates. Despite the difficult epidemiological situation, conducting medical examinations should remain the most important task of general practitioners and occupational pathologists. A decrease in the quality of inspections directly negatively affects the health of workers and causes significant economic damage.
The structure of the primary and repeated disability of the adult population of the Saratov region due to diseases caused by HIV infection for the period 2014–2020
Authors:   Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Saratov Regional Clinical Center for AIDS Prevention and Control, Danilov Alexey Nikolaevich , Abramyan Tatiana Leonidovna ,   Saratov Regional Clinical Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS, Mamonova Irina Anatolyevna ,   Saratov Regional Clinical Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS, Filippova Natalia Aleksandrovna ,   Saratov Regional Clinical Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS, Teisherskaya Darya Anatolyevna ,   Saratov Regional Clinical Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS
Published: June 2022

The HIV epidemic in Russia and in the Saratov region continues to spread. With the increase in the number of HIV-infected and AIDS patients, the problem of disability of the population due to diseases caused by HIV infection is becoming more and more urgent and acquires high medical and socio-economic importance. Based on this, there is a need to develop ways to solve it, taking into account the determination of the composition of this contingent. To study the indicators of the level of disability due to diseases caused by HIV infection in the Saratov region, to determine the trends in the formation of primary and repeated disability of the population, the characteristics of the contingent by disability groups. Solid research method. The object of the study was residents of the Saratov region at the age of 18, who were initially recognized as disabled due to diseases caused by HIV infection, and were examined repeatedly in the medical and social expert bureau for the period 2014–2020. The statistical database of the state information system «Federal Register of Disabled Persons» was studied by the method of comparative analysis. When analyzing the certificates of examination of the disabled in the medical and social expert bureau for the designated period, it was found that the primary disability due to diseases caused by HIV infection in the region was recognized in 904 patients and repeated in 872 people. The number of citizens recognized as disabled for the first time (hereinafter VPI), as well as re-recognized as disabled (hereinafter PPI) due to diseases caused by HIV infection, had a tendency to increase with the predominance of people with disabilities of group II among the young. The lowest percentage in the structure of primary and repeated disability were disabled people of retirement age. The share of rural residents among the VPI for the analyzed period tended to decrease by more than 2 times.
Healthcare in Indonesia
Authors:   Kremenskaya Central District Hospital, Frolova Elena Vladimirovna
Published: June 2022

Indonesia is a large state of Southeast Asia, located on several thousand volcanic islands. In terms of population (277 million people), Indonesia ranks 4th in the world, after China, India and the United States. Most of the population (about 58%) lives on the island of Java, despite the fact that its area is only 7% of the total area of the state, which makes this island the most densely populated in the world. The population of Indonesia is very multinational; the bulk are Javanese, about 4% are Malays and the same number are Chinese. The average life expectancy is 71 years: 68 for men and 74 for women, while the average age of Indonesians is 29 years. The main medical problem of Indonesians is the high prevalence of infectious diseases - typhoid fever, hepatitis A, dengue fever, malaria. This is largely due to climatic conditions and poor water quality - only about 80% of the population has access to drinking water, and the main method of disinfection is sunlight irradiation. The coronavirus pandemic has claimed the lives of 144,000 Indonesians, bringing the country's fatality rate to 3.4%. The maximum number of infections occurred in the summer of 2021, when up to 44,000 new cases were registered in the country per day. Compared to European countries, Indonesia is under-vaccinated with only 44.3% of the population completing the full course of vaccination and being able to receive two doses. Despite the fact that one of the significant sources of filling the country's budget is tourism revenue, as of the beginning of 2022, the country remains closed to tourists.
A clinical case of inflammatory cardiomyopathy due to subacute viral myocarditis associated with the novel coronavirus infection in an ambulance worker (issues of diagnosis and examination of the relationship between disease and occupation
Authors:   FSBEI HE Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Babanov Sergey Anatolievich , Azovskova Tatyana Aleksandrovna ,   SBEI HE Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Vakurova Nina Vladimirovna ,   SBEI HE Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Lavrentieva Natalya Evgenievna ,   SBEI HE Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Baraeva Rimma Anatolievna ,   SBEI HE Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Ryabov Aleksey Evgenievich ,   SBEI HE Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Agarkova Anna Sergeevna ,   SBEI HE Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Ostryakova Natalya Aleksandrovna ,   SBEI HE Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia
Published: June 2022

Medical workers are a group at increased risk of infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus when providing medical care in modern conditions. The novel coronavirus infection can be considered as an occupational disease in medical workers if the infection occurred while performing their professional duties. One of the most important complications of the new coronavirus infection is the lesion of the cardiovascular system. The presented clinical case reflects one of the possible serious complications of the coronavirus infection that developed in a medical worker against the background of chronic autoimmune pathology, i.e. severe myocarditis with pulmonary embolism, which led to the formation of inflammatory cardiomyopathy with congestive heart failure. The article presents the principles and results of a medical examination conducted in order to establish a causal relationship between the disease and professional activity.
Scientific achievements of academician A.D. Ursula in the field of research of the phenomenon of information and philosophical problems of society informatization
Authors:   Institute of Informatics Problems of the Federal Research Center ", Kolin Konstantin Konstantinovich ,   Computer Science and Control",   Russian Academy of Sciences, Center for Strategic Humanitarian Studies, Institute of Fundamental and Applied Research, Moscow University of the Humanities
Published: June 2022

The article considers the main results of scientific research of the Russian philosopher A.D. Ursula in the field of studying the phenomenon of information and philosophical problems of society informatization. It is shown that these results are of fundamental nature and of high scientific and methodological significance for the further development of Russian and world science. The article highlights the decisive contribution of A.D. Ursula in the formation of the Russian scientific school of philosophy of information, as well as in the development of social informatics and information cultural studies, in which Russia is the world leader today. Some further promising directions for the development of these studies and their significance for science and education are presented.
HUBUNGAN KEPATUHAN DAN DUKUNGAN KELUARGA DENGAN CLINICAL OUTCOME PASIEN TB
Authors: Mustaming Mustaming
Published: June 2022

Background: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. The low compliance of tuberculosis treatment caused resistance and affected clinical outcomes. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the relationship between medication compliance and family support with clinical outcomes in tuberculosis patients. Method: This analytical study used a cross-sectional design. The population was tuberculosis patients who used intensive phase of tuberculosis treatment at several primary health care. This study used a consecutive sampling technique. After we met the criteria and the patient signed informed consent, then microscopic smear and measurement of body weight were done to find clinical outcomes. After that, we gave a Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS-5) questionnaire to measure medication compliance and a family support questionnaire to measure family support. The collected data were analyzed by fisher-test.Results: This study showed a relationship between medication compliance and clinical outcome with a p-value of 0.003 0.05. Respondents with high adherence had 16.625 times the possibility of achieving clinical outcomes compared to respondents who had low compliance. In addition, it was also found that there was a relationship between family support with clinical outcomes with a p-value of 0.006 0.05, and respondents with good family support had 11.333 times the possibility to achieve good clinical outcomes compared to respondents with sufficient family support. Conclusion: Hight medication compliance on treatment and good family support is essential in achieving good clinical outcomes at the end of the intensive phase.
REVISITING THE METHODS OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ON TYPES OF SOCIAL AND LABOR RELATIONS
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia, Solov’ev A.V.
Published: June 2022

The task and aim of the study, the materials of which are presented in this article, is the analysis and evaluation of the model of types of social and labor relations developed by R.P. Kolosova in 1996, and published in scientific and pedagogical literature; search for evidence that the classification of types of social and labor relations is also possible on the basis of such a criterion as the subjectivity of interacting "agents" with group interests. In the process of research, the methods of logical semantics, determinism, critical rationalism, system and structural analysis, content analysis, comparison and analogy, classification and modeling were used. In the course of the study, the author paid attention to the legal aspect of understanding the term "employer", considering the changes in the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. The author proceeds from the understanding that the socioeconomic development of such systems as society and organization (economic entity) is impossible without the transformation of such a type of social and labor relations as exploitation. The paper highlights the difference between the methods of classification and typology, the categories "relationships" and "situation" used in modeling the types of social and labor relations in 1996. A list of existing types of social and labor relations that are not included in the above model, but at the same time capable of expanding its subject field, is presented. The author concludes that the practical and theoretical results obtained in the course of the study will help scientists and specialists, including top managers who are part of the management body of the organization and university teachers in solving a number of issues related to labor economics, organizational behavior and human resources.
Automotive Embedded Systems-Model Based Approach Review
Authors: Shaout Adnan , Pattela Shanmukha
Published: June 2022

The evolution of transforming from an electrical mechanical engineering discipline to a combination of software and electrical/mechanical engineering establishes software as a crucial technology. The current complex automotive system is the product of growth of embedded software. As a result, automotive industry focuses on a new trend Model based development rather than traditional method where software is handwritten in Assembly code or C language. This paper presents a review of the use of Model based Development to accelerate development process of embedded control systems and technologies. The paper also presents a review of the tools used to support Model-Based Development (MBD) from functional requirements to automated testing and Model based testing process.
Retention Contracts under Partial Information Electoral Competition Case Study
Authors: Houhamdi Zina , Athamena Belkacem , El Refae Ghaleb
Published: June 2022

This study copes with a class of principal-agent problems where information asymmetry represents an important characteristic. The paper examines the relationship between the principal and agents. The principal has to perform two agents’ screening and discipline tasks. To complete his duties, the principal lacks complete information concerning the agents’ behavior and rarely has partial information regarding the failure or success of launched tactics, alliances, rationalization, etc. We analyze the type of retention contracts (implicit) used by the principal to replace or retain agents. Consistent with literature findings, we demonstrated that agents could be extremely active in showing their competencies; the relationship between dismissal and bad performance is invalid; and occasionally, the principal dismisses qualified agents. Then we determined the rules under which electorates urge political parties to acquire information and choose optimal policies from the voter’s viewpoint.
STUDY ON MANUFACTURING BLACK GARLIC EXTRACT FROM FRESH SINGLE GARLIC
Authors: Tran Thi Viet Hang , Le Thi Minh Nguyet , Ho Hoang Nhan , Dao Thi Cam Minh , Phan Dang Truong Thi
Published: June 2022

Background and Objective: In recent years, black garlic has been popularly used in our country because of its outstanding effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammation, regulating immune system, anti-allergy, lowering blood lipid, inhibiting the growth of cancer cells,... The content ofcbioactive substances in black garlic is higher than that in white garlic, especially S-alyll cysteine (SAC) its main active ingredient. Objectives: This study was aimed to develop a process to prepare black garlic and its extract. Materials and Methods: Fresh garlic was risen and harvested from Ly Son island, Quang Ngai province. The method and the parameters of preparing black garlic and its extract. We investgated by evaluating their SAC content. Results: The method of using beer yeast and incubating for 25 days was selected to prepare black garlic; the tunnel method using water was chosen to prepare black garlic extract with SAC content of 396,73µg/g. Conclusion: The process of preparing black garlic and its extract have been successfully studied.
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Key words: Black garlic, S-allyl cysteine, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
Impedance Imaging of Cells and Tissues: Design and Applications
Authors: Bounik Raziyeh , Cardes Fernando , Ulusan Hasan , Modena Mario M. , Hierlemann Andreas
Published: June 2022

Due to their label-free and noninvasive nature, impedance measurements have attracted increasing interest in biological research. Advances in microfabrication and integrated-circuit technology have opened a route to using large-scale microelectrode arrays for real-time, high-spatiotemporal-resolution impedance measurements of biological samples. In this review, we discuss different methods and applications of measuring impedance for cell and tissue analysis with a focus on impedance imaging with microelectrode arrays inin vitroapplications. We first introduce how electrode configurations and the frequency range of the impedance analysis determine the information that can be extracted. We then delve into relevant circuit topologies that can be used to implement impedance measurements and their characteristic features, such as resolution and data-acquisition time. Afterwards, we detail design considerations for the implementation of new impedance-imaging devices. We conclude by discussing future fields of application of impedance imaging in biomedical research, in particular applications where optical imaging is not possible, such as monitoring ofex vivotissue slices or microelectrode-based brain implants.
Cybersecurity Threats to and Cyberattacks on Critical Infrastructure: a Legal Perspective
Authors: Watney Murdoch
Published: June 2022

Over the years cybersecurity threats to and cyberattacks on the critical infrastructure by state and non-state actors have escalated in intensity and sophistication. Cyberattacks, such as the 2017 NotPetya ransomware attack, the 2020 SolarWinds software supply chain attack and the 2021 Colonial Pipeline ransomware attack, illustrate the vulnerability of critical infrastructure to cyberattacks.

 

Most cyberattacks are committed across borders involving criminal hackers or state supported hackers. Furthermore, critical infrastructure is increasingly interconnected and interdependent. Connectivity brings about the risk of a cyberattack, demonstrated by the 2021 Colonial Pipeline ransomware attack. Interconnectedness also means that the compromise of one critical infrastructure asset can have a domino effect that degrades or disrupts others and results in cascading consequences across the economy and national security. Operational continuity is essential and this may have been one of the reasons why Colonial Pipeline paid a ransom to cyber-attackers.

 

A cyberattack on the critical infrastructure of a state cannot be seen in isolation as the consequences of the attack may impact other states, this was illustrated by the 2017 WannaCry and NotPetya ransomware attacks. The level of sophistication of cyberattacks has increased over the years as shown by the 2020 SolarWinds software supply chain attack. The escalation of attacks has served as a catalyst for governments to address the risk to critical infrastructure. Countries need to have strong government bodies which supervise cybersecurity in their country and work together with their counterparts in other countries by sharing information regarding threats and attacks against critical infrastructure.

 

The discussion focuses on the challenges that threats to and attacks on critical infrastructure present, the possible solutions a government may implement in addressing cyberattacks on critical infrastructure and the accountability of state and non-state actors of cyberattacks on critical infrastructure. The issues are discussed from a legal perspective.