bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Auditor Reporting Choice and Audit Committee Oversight on Management Financial Disclosures
Authors: Fuller Stephen H. , Joe Jennifer R. , Luippold Benjamin L.
Published: March 2021

We investigate the joint effects of auditors' reporting choice and audit committee effectiveness on management disclosures about complex estimates. A new PCAOB standard requires auditors to report on Critical Audit Matters (CAMs): issues “communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee” about accounts or disclosures that (1) “are material to the financial statements,” and (2) “involved especially challenging, subjective, or complex auditor judgment” (PCAOB 2017a, 11). Consistent with investor arguments, we find that audit committee effectiveness and more detailed CAM reporting encourage managers' disclosures of the risk underlying complex estimates. When the auditor's report is more informative about a complex estimate and the audit committee is more effective, management's related financial disclosures are more forthcoming. However, less informative auditor disclosures or more effective audit committees alone do not prompt greater management disclosure. Thus, expanded auditor reporting and more effective audit committees, together, can enhance the disclosures investors value.
The Effect of Mandatory Disclosure on Market Inefficiencies: Evidence from FASB Statement No. 161
Authors: Campbell John L. , Khan Urooj , Pierce Spencer
Published: March 2021

Prior research finds that unrealized gains/losses on cash flow hedges are negatively associated with future earnings, and that investors and analysts fail to anticipate this association. These studies speculate that this mispricing is due to either poor derivatives disclosures or the accounting model for cash flow hedges. We examine whether enhanced mandatory derivatives disclosures set forth in FAS 161 improve users' understanding of firms' hedging activities and offer three main findings. First, we find that this mispricing does not persist after FAS 161. Second, we find that the correction of mispricing is greatest when disclosure might help investors most. Finally, we find that analyst forecast accuracy improves after FAS 161. Overall, our results suggest that the enhanced mandatory derivative disclosures required by FAS 161 improved users' understanding of the effects of derivative and hedging activities on future firm performance and firm value—and consequently mitigated investor mispricing.
CEO Tenure and Firm Value
Authors: Brochet Francois , Limbach Peter , Schmid Markus , Scholz-Daneshgari Meik
Published: March 2021

Our study is the first to provide systematic evidence of a hump-shaped CEO tenure-firm value relation. Cross-sectionally, firm value starts to decline after fewer years of CEO tenure in more dynamic industries, if CEOs are less adaptable to changes, and in the presence of greater labor market frictions. Overall, the dynamics of CEO-firm match quality appear to be a first-order driver of the CEO tenure-firm value association, as explained by CEO characteristics (adaptability), firm/industry characteristics (dynamism), and labor market characteristics that facilitate optimal matching between firms and CEOs.

Data Availability: Data used in this study are available from public sources identified in the study.

JEL Classifications: G30; G34; J24.
The quality of etched enamel in different regions and tooth types and its significance in bonding and the development of white spot lesions
Authors: Barnhart Elisabeth C. , Campbell Phillip M. , Noureldin Amal , Julien Katie , Buschang Peter H.
Published: March 2021

Objectives

To quantify differences in the etch quality of enamel within and between human teeth, which has not previously been attempted.

Materials and Methods

The buccal right and left halves of 27 extracted human teeth were randomly allocated to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) or micro–computed tomography (μCT) for evaluation. The buccal surfaces were pumiced, etched with 37% phosphoric acid gel etchant for 15 seconds, rinsed, and air dried. Each tooth was divided into three regions (incisal, middle, and cervical) and viewed after etching at 1200× magnification with SEM. The μCT scans were taken before and after etching to calculate apparent and material mineral densities.

Results

SEM showed greater aprismatic enamel and poorer etch quality (ie, significantly less percentage enamel) for the posterior than anterior teeth and for the cervical region than for the incisal and middle regions of all teeth. Although there were no density differences prior to etching, μCT demonstrated that etching increased material density significantly more for the anterior than posterior teeth. Prior to etching, the enamel in the cervical regions was significantly less dense than the enamel in the middle or incisal regions. Etching significantly increased the material density of all three regions, which decreased initial regional differences. After etching, the apparent density of the cervical region remained significantly lower than the densities of the other two regions.

Conclusions

Based on SEM and μCT, there is greater aprismatic enamel and inferior etch quality in the cervical regions of all tooth types and is clinically significant in explaining the failure of sealant retention and the propensity for white spot lesions.
Penerapan Paikem untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPA
Authors: Bagiarta I Made
Published: March 2021

Penelitian dilakukan dalam 2 (dua) siklus dengan tujuan untuk perbaikan pembelajaran IPA melalui penerapan PAIKEM pada siswa Kelas IV SD Negeri 7 Ban semester I tahun pelajaran 2018/2019. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IV Sekolah Dasar Negeri 7 Ban yang berjumlah 11 orang yang terdiri dari 7 orang laki-laki dan 4 orang perempuan. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode tes. Data yang terkumpul selanjutnya di analisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan PAIKEM dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA siswa kelas IV SD Negeri 7 Ban semester I tahun pelajaran 2018/2019. Peningkatan hasil belajar tersebut dapat dilihat dari perolehan nilai rata-rata, daya serap, dan ketuntasan belajar klasikal. Nilai rata-rata hasil belajar pada refleksi awal sebesar 65,91 (tergolong belum tuntas) menjadi 70,45 pada siklus I (tegolong tuntas) dengan peningkatan sebesar 4,54. Sedangkan pada siklus II mengalami peningkatan sebesar 5,91 menjadi 76,36 (tergolong tuntas). Peningkatan juga terjadi pada daya serap dan ketuntasan belajar klasikal. Pada refleksi awal daya serap tercapai sebesar 65,91% selanjutnya pada siklus I meningkat menjadi 70,45%. Hal yang sama juga terjadi pada siklus II dengan daya serap mencapai 76,36%. Sedangkan  ketuntasan belajar klasikal pada refleksi awal sebesar 36,36% kemudian meningkat menjadi 54,55% pada siklus I dan menjadi 100% pada siklus II. Berdasarkan hal tersebut disarankan beberapa hal yaitu: 1) para siswa agar lebih meningkatkan motivasi belajar, 2) para guru agar selalu berinovasi dalam mendesain pembelajaran, 3) kepala sekolah agar memberikan motivasi dan kesempatan yang luas kepada guru dalam mengelola pembelajaran secara efektif
Visualisation and optimisation of alcohol-related hospital admissions ICD-10 codes in Welsh e-cohort data
Authors: Trefan Laszlo , Akbari Ashley , Morgan Jennifer Siân , Farewell Daniel Mark , Fone David , Lyons Ronan A , Jones Hywel Merfyn , Moore Simon
Published: March 2021

IntroductionThe excessive consumption of alcohol is detrimental to long term health and increases the likelihood of hospital admission. However, definitions of alcohol-related hospital admission vary, giving rise to uncertainty in the effect of alcohol on alcohol-related health care utilization.
ObjectivesTo compare diagnostic codes on hospital admission and discharge and to determine the ideal combination of codes necessary for an accurate determination of alcohol-related hospital admission.
MethodsRoutine population-linked e-cohort data were extracted from the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank containing all alcohol-related hospital admissions (n,= 92,553) from 2006 to 2011 in Wales, United Kingdom. The distributions of the diagnostic codes recorded at admission and discharge were compared. By calculating a misclassification rate (sensitivity-like measure) the appropriate number of coding fields to examine for alcohol-codes was established.
ResultsThere was agreement between admission and discharge codes. When more than ten coding fields were used the misclassification rate was less than 1%.
ConclusionWith the data at present and alcohol-related codes used, codes recorded at admission and discharge can be used equivalently to identify alcohol-related admissions. The appropriate number of coding fields to examine was established: fewer than ten is likely to lead to under-reporting of alcohol-related admissions. The methods developed here can be applied to other medical conditions that can be described using a certain set of diagnostic codes, each of which can be a known sole cause of the condition and recorded in multiple positions in e-cohort data.
Diferencias de género en la sensibilidad emocional por covid-19 en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: De la Cruz-Caballero Adriana Mariela , Robles-Francia Víctor Hugo , Robles-Ramos Víctor Adrián
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: Analizar las diferencias en la sensibilidad emocional entre mujeres y hombres estudiantes de educación superior debido a un periodo prolongado de pandemia. Método: La investigación fue descriptiva y transversal. Se empleó una muestra no probabilística incidental de 257 estudiantes (82 masculinos y 175 femeninos), a los que se les aplicó la encuesta de sensibilidad al horror por covid-19. Las variables analizadas fueron bienestar socioemocional, angustia, evitación interna, evitación externa y autoagresión. Resultados: El género femenino expresó mayor sensibilidad al horror por pandemia que el masculino, especialmente en la angustia, la evitación interna y la evitación externa.
Mediakeskustelun välittämä Tampereen yliopiston nimenvalintaprosessi osallistujien roolien, positioiden ja argumenttien valossa
Authors: Ainiala Terhi
Published: March 2021

Artikkelissa tutkitaan instituution nimenvalintaprosessia mediajulkisuudessa.Taustalla on kolmen korkeakoulun, Tampereen yliopiston, Tampereenteknillisen yliopiston ja Tampereen ammattikorkeakoulun, yhdistymishankevuosina 2016–2017. Aineistona on perinteisen ja sosiaalisen median tekstejä,joissa yhdistyvän yliopiston nimenvalinnasta keskustellaan. Nimineuvottelussapuheenvuoroja esitetään sekä annetuista rooleista että otetuista positioista.Roolit ja positiot paljastuvat puheenaiheista, puhujien määrittelyistä jakielellisistä valinnoista. Nimineuvottelua käydään instituutioiden, kielen,brändin, paikallisuuden ja karnevalistisen naurun näkökulmista. Annetuissarooleissa keskustellaan etenkin perinteisessä mediassa, ja otettujen positioidenpuheenvuorot painottuvat sosiaaliseen mediaan. Median kiinnostus nimeäkohtaan on osaltaan vaikuttamassa siihen, mikä nimi uudelle yliopistollelopulta valitaan.
On the nature of Paleozoic oil deposits and their exploratory "reflection" in the geophysical section of the Jurassic layers (southeast of Western Siberia)
Authors: Isaev V.I. , Aleeva A.O. , Lobova G.A. , Isaeva O.S. , Starostenko V.I.
Published: March 2021

Commercial significance of the majority of Western Siberian oil fields is concerned with the Senomanian, Neocomian and, above all, Upper Jurassic horizons. For now, oil fields are at the late development stage and resource potential of the Jurassic horizon is strongly expired. Commercial potential of the pre-Jurassic (Paleozoic) rocks has been brought out throughout all territory of oil and gas province. Extensive work on estimation of the pre-Jurassic rocks oil and gas potential is performed in southeast, in the territory of Tomsk Region, within which 13 hydrocarbon deposits have been discovered in the Paleozoic.
Original hypothesis of anomalousness of geophysical and petrophysical characteristics of the Jurassic layers — uniqueness of «indication» the Paleozoic deposits in geophysical parameters of overlaying Mezozoic-Cenozoic section was stated as a foundation of new prospecting criterion for the Paleozoic deposits. The Paleozoic formations are accepted as a complex with its own oil generating potential, which results in upward migration of hydrocarbon fluids. Additionally, downward direction of vertical interstratal hydrocarbon migration from the Jurassic source rocks into the pre-Jurassic complex is brought out. It was accepted as a conception that as in case of upward, so in case of downward fluid migration, processes of superposed epigenesis perform and lead to secondary epigenetic transformations of rocks of transit Jurassic layers, which result in their anomalous geophysical and petrophysical characteristics.
This paper analyzes and compares geophysical and petrophysical characteristics of the Jurassic layers of different field types in Tomsk Region: without oil and gas potential in pre-Jurassic section, with commercial inflows from the pre-Jurassic complex and unknown type. Results of exploration electrical resistivity and carbonatization in the Jurassic layers of 200 wells and also spontaneous potential variation, electrical resistivity and natural radioactivity in Bazhenov suite confirm anomalousness of geophysical and petrophysical parameters of Jurassic rocks in case of pre-Jurassic deposits.
This paper determines 6 geophysical and petrophysical characteristics of the Jurassic layers as predictive indicators for oil and gas potential estimation in pre-Jurassic section.
Efficiency analysis of using predictive indicators for bringing out fields with and without deposits in the pre-Jurassic complex was performed for different prospecting cases in the research territory with account taken of possible complexing of indicators, their rank and actual availability. This paper states preference of indicators complexing.
Application of a new prospecting criterion will improve efficiency of searching in new prioritized stratigraphic horizon — the Paleozoic, which contains unconventional oil.
Tonalite-trondjemite-granodiorite formation of the Archaean. Special features of composition and conditions of formation, Ukrainian Shield as an example
Authors: Usenko O.V.
Published: March 2021

Tonalite-trondjemite-granodiorite formation (TTG) produces the main volume of acidic rocks of the continental crust. Similar rocks are never met later. Therefore the problems of their production are directly connected with the problem of the crust and mantle formation.

The structure of the Archean TTG formation of granite-gneiss area of the Bug megablock and granite-grrenstone area of the Middle Dnieper megablock (MDMB) has been considered. Similar and different features have been found. The analysis of these data resulted in a conclusion that within the MDMB, West Periazovian and Khashchevate-Zavalie block of the Middle Bug area the events of formation of the Archean granite-greenstone area were similar, however these three blocks of the Ukrainian Shield demonstrate different levels of erosion damage reflected in PT-conditions of metamorphic transformations.

The rocks of TTG formation are a part of complex structured stratum appeared as a result of impregnation (migmatization) by quartz-albite melt of the primary crust and/or of more ancient strata of predominantly basic composition. In the middle-lower crust a partial replacement of the primary crust occurred and in the upper one — the deposition of new portions of the melt on the earlier ones, piercement of granite masses and migmatization of volcanogenic stratum.  During the Archean these events happened repeatedly, that resulted in partial replacement of the primary crust with plagiogranites.

Modern notions have been considered on the processes of producing of TTG granite formation. It has been shown that according to thermal model distribution of temperatures in the crust does not cross the line of basalt water solidus. That is why the appearance of granite melts could not be the result of submergence to big depths (ultrametamorphism). Chronological and genetic relation with mantle melting, of which komatiites and spilites of green-stone structures were crystallized, assumed convective flows in the mantle. To explain the formation of tonalite and trondjemite melt a model of two-leveled crystallization differentiation of ultrabasic melt has been used. However appearance of primary basalt replacement in such a scale and assimilation of green-stone roots by granite melt are possible only in case of interaction of mantle fluids with the rocks of primary crust. An assumption has been made that the composition of some part of these fluids could be close to composition of granite (trondjemite). According to the author’s opinion such assumption confirms a hypothesis of V. Griffin and N. Pirson about formation of crystalline mantle on the border between the Archean and Proterozoic.
The theoretical-empirical technique of hydrocarbons prediction in wells sections. New aspects
Authors: Skakalska L. , Nazarevych A. , Kosarchyn V.
Published: March 2021

We present the developed theoretical-empirical technique for predicting of rocks’ oil-and-gas bearing in wells sections according to acoustic logging (AL) and core research (CR) and its variants by using data of other loggings and also the results of testing them on wells sections data in the Western oil and gas bearing region of Ukraine (WOGR). The mathematical apparatus of the created technique is based on a mathematical model of solid porous rock, empirical relationships between elastic and reservoir characteristics of rocks and acoustic logging data for specific studied wells. The key parameter in the calculations is the rock compressibility. Determination of the porosity of rocks and prediction of the type of pore filler (water, oil, gas) is implemented by comparing the results of calculating the velocities using theoretical and constructed empirical relationships with the actual data of the AL, by the parameter of compressibility of rocks, by the density of the pore filler fluid.
Additional versions of the technique have been developed based on correlation dependences and data from other logging methods — gamma-ray logging (GL), electric logging (EL/SP), offset method and seismic logging (SL). They are used in case of absence of AL data for the studied wells or for the intervals of their sections, and also for improving the reliability of prediction the oil and gas content of these sections. The software for the implementation of the technique was developed in Fortran, C# and Excel software environments.
The technique was tested on the data of wells of a number of structures of the WOGR of Ukraine (Lishchyns’ka, Buchats’ka, Ludyns’ka, Zaluzhans’ka, Zarichnyans’ka and Nyklovyts’ka).The technique ensures reliable prediction of petrophysical characteristics, porosity and oil-gas-water saturation of rock layers of different thicknesses (including thin layers — from 0.1—0.2 m) in well sections. For this, in addition to the data of the general parametric base of the WOGR reservoir rocks, the specially constructed refined empirical relations for various specific types and subtypes of the WOGR reservoir rocks are used, they are based on the results of analysis of petrophysical characteristics of those rocks.
Planejamento virtual utilizando software de livre acesso
Authors: Casagrande Carolina Pelágio Maués , Alencar David Silveira , Santos Diego Junior da Silva , Miguel José Augusto Mendes
Published: March 2021

The orthodontic setup is a tool used for tridimensional simulation for visual treatment planning. Its analysis allows to plan the mechanics to be used during the orthodontic treatment. For this purpose, it is necessary to duplicate the cast model, to cut the teeth and replace them in their respective cast bases. However, this process demands laboratory time and physical space for cast models storage. The traditional setup with cast models has been substituted by the 3D virtual version once it does not demand physical space for storage. Despite the learning curve, the 3D virtual computerized process has a reduced time when compared to the setup with cast models. But the software high cost is still the main point of disadvantage for its use. Thus, the aim of this study is to describe a step-by-step of 3D virtual orthodontic setup process, by using an open-source software.
Intercorrência na instalação de miniparafuso buccal shelf – relato de caso
Authors: dos Santos Pedro César Fernandes , Rodrigues Lorena Walesca Macedo , Monteiro Aline Levi Baratta , Rebouças Pedro Diniz , Freitas Benedito Viana , Trévia Marcelo Cerqueira
Published: March 2021

The use of dental support as orthodontic anchorage, used in conventional corrective orthodontic treatment, may interfere in the proper functioning of the applied mechanics, because the teeth that are used as support may suffer displacement. Nowadays, the use of miniimplants, among them buccal-shelf, has been increasingly used, as they reduce the chances of possible side effects resulting from the mechanics, because the support ceases to be dental and becomes skeletal. Despite low failure rate, according to the literature, difficulty of access and individual determination of the best area of installation of this type of miniscrew should be thoroughly evaluated, in addition to verification of bone conditions, thus avoiding the risk of poor insertion. This article presents a case of installation of an extra-alveolar miniscrew buccal-shelf type in which the device ended up being inserted in an inadequate trajectory, causing an acute inflammatory process. After removal of the extra-alveolar mini-screw, a new installation was performed guided by cone-beam computed tomography, and the orthodontic treatment was successfully concluded.
Doing Stylistic Versus Critical Stylistic: An Analysis of If by Rudyard Kipling
Authors: Fadhil Kadhum Al-Janabi Suadad , Hussein Rdhaiwi Al-Marsumi Nawar
Published: March 2021

This paper displays the ideological positioning as found in Rudyard Kipling’s poem If. It is a poem published in 1910. It presents the embedded ideologies and shows how the poet used the available linguistic resources to achieve his goal. The models of analysis adopted are Critical Stylistics as proposed by Lesley Jeffries (2010) and Stylistic Analysis as submitted by McIntyre (2010). The paper aims at identifying the poet’s beliefs to show that success is the outcome of self-control and a real sense of the values of things. It is a try to discover how the poet used various linguistic choices to build a message telling us how to deal with life confidently and identify a line of ideological positioning through Critical Stylistic strategies. The paper presents a theoretical background of the term stylistics and critical stylistics, explaining the adopted models; Analyzing the poem stylistically with a focus on critical stylistic regarding two tools: Representing and Negating for their dominant use in the poem and their effectiveness in interpreting the hidden ideologies. Stylistic devices are used because they steer the text to enable the writer to reach the intended goal. In conclusion, the paper displays that the poet uses the stylistic tools in a brilliant way that leads All, not only his son, to follow and consider it a moral lesson of life.
Structured Input vs. Structured Output Task’s Effects on the Acquisition of the English Causative Forms: Discourse-Level. Structured Input vs. Structured Output Task’s Effects on the Acquisition of the English Causative Forms: Discourse-Level.
Authors: Alabdullah Najat
Published: March 2021

This research paper presents a quasi-experimental empirical study investigating the effects of structured input and structured output tasks on the acquisition of English causative forms. This research is framed on VanPatten’s (1996) input processing theory. The grammatical form chosen for this investigation is affected by a processing strategy called the First Noun Principle. There are three variables included that make this study significant. These variables are having participants that are young learners who speak Arabic as an L1 and using discourse-level instrumentation. These variables make this study significant because the studies that investigated the effectiveness of structured input practice with these variables are in the minority. The study’s main questions are: (i) What are the short-term effects of structured input and structured output on the acquisition of English causative forms as measured with discourse-level interpretation tasks? (ii) What are the short-term effects of structured input and structured output on the learners’ ability to acquire the English causative forms as measured with discourse-level production tasks? Participants were school-age learners (aged 12-13) from an Arabic background with Arabic as an L1 who studied English as a second language in Kuwait. A pre and post-test procedure was adopted in this study. Two instructional groups were created, which are: (i) structured input; (ii) structured output. Discourse-level tasks were used in the study to assess the effectiveness of the two instructional treatments. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA. The main findings support the view that discourse-level structured input tasks are a useful pedagogical intervention in helping young L2 learners from an Arabic background with Arabic as an L1 to process, interpret and produce accurate English causative forms. The main findings have theoretical and pedagogical implications for language learning and teaching.
Teachers’ Perceptions of Customizing Students’ Learning through Differentiated Instruction at a Tertiary level
Authors: Said Al Siyabi Munira , Abdullah Al Shekaili Dalal
Published: March 2021

Traditional ways of teaching were challenged by differentiated instruction which aims to embrace students’ variance. Teachers are expected to maximize the learning opportunities by meeting the diverse needs of their learners. English teachers in Omani schools are trained and instructed to modify the content to meet students’ different levels; however, teachers in higher education institutions are given more freedom in planning and conducting their classes. This research investigated teachers’ perceptions of differentiated instruction which is customised to meet the diversity of learning needs and interests of English as foreign language students in the University of Technology and Applied Sciences-Rustaq (UTAS-Rustaq). The study also sought to identify practices teachers follow to implement differentiated instruction. An exploratory, descriptive analysis and a survey were employed to obtain the necessary data, which indicated that teachers are aware of differentiating instruction and the related practices. Teachers also showed a good understanding of the type of knowledge needed to obtain before implementing differentiation and the assessment tools to attain them. However, the results also indicate an essential need for structural support, professional development, to meet the challenges identified by teachers to maintain the continuity of these practices.
The Latest Tools for the Formation of Foreign Language Communicative Competence of Students of Non-language Specialties
Authors: Turko Olha , Kravchuk Tetiana , Kashuba Oleksandra , Navolska Halyna , Kutsyi Ivan
Published: March 2021

This paper aims at demonstrating the effectiveness of modern methods of formation of English language communicative competence of those students who study at non-language specialties. The experimental work was carried out at the Faculty of Pedagogy and Psychology, the Faculty of Physical Education and the Faculty of History of Ternopil National Pedagogical University named after Volodymyr Hnatyuk, Ukraine. The authors present their experience of conducting a three-year-long training using game technology, project-based technology, interactive technologies, tasks in the electronic system Moodle, etc. and discuss the benefits of using those means at university. The core question of the given study is whether these means are effective in the formation of students’ foreign language communicative competence. The authors demonstrate the benefits of studying with the help of modern lingua-didactic and technical means. The results of the survey indicate that these tools are effective in their integrated application for the formation of English language skills. To conclude, the findings of the study can be applied while teaching English to the students of non-language specialties.
Methodological foundations for the implementation of a new format of the final state exam for graduates of the bachelor’s program in pedagogical education
Authors: Perevoshchikova Elena Nikolaevna , Elizarova Ekaterina Yur'evna , Chepurnova Natalia Aleksandrovna , Chaykina Zhanna Vladimirovna , Belyaeva Tatyana Konstantinovna
Published: March 2021

This article deals with the problem of the revision of the content and form of the final state examination for the graduates, who are majoring in “Pedagogical Education”. The existing approaches to final tests are normalized, and a new format for the final state examination is determined. A model of an examination task, which is introduced in the present work as a fund assignment, is based on the efficient combination of systemic, activity, and competence-based approaches. Methodological foundations for the assessment of universal fund assignments are determined, which can be implemented for the evaluation of the graduates’ competencies in various disciplines of pedagogical education. The authors come to the conclusion that the combination of fund assignments, their specification, and test variants for the disciplines of the subject training for graduates determine the content of the evaluation tools for conducting the final state exam.
How are Kawaii (Cute) Fictional Characters Used in Japanese Advertising
Authors: BÎRLEA Oana-Maria
Published: March 2021

This article aims to explain the use and role of cute, adora- ble characters in Japanese advertising. Kawaii culture or the “culture of cute” has become known worldwide mainly because of Hello Kitty, the cat which led the “pink globalization”, as Yano (2013) states. In this paper we have attempted to reveal the symbolism of these apparent meaning- less cute signs and characters. Starting from Hofstede’s theory of cultural dimensions (2001, 2003, 2010), which shows how a society’s culture influ- ences the values of its members, we intended to show how are these kawaii characters used in Japanese advertising and how they fit cultural specif- ics. Used either in non-commercial, educational or commercial advertising, cute personae can make the target audience feel more comfortable, secure and cooperating (Murakami, 2005). In this paper we have discussed the role of three iconic characters: the emblematic Hello Kitty, Kumamon, the lovely bear created by the government of Kumamoto Prefecture (Japan) and Gudetama, a lazy egg yolk produced by the Japanese company Sanrio in 2014. The selected characters reflect different types and personalities and each of them serves a specific purpose, but via the analysis conveyed we conclude that perhaps their main aim is to persuade and create a long-term relationship with the public.
The Role and Impact of Social Media on Online Social Movements: An Analysis of ‘ALS Ice Bucket Challenge’ in India
Authors: PARTHASARATHI  , KUMARI Grishma
Published: March 2021

Online social movements have taken root and flourished in the last decade due to online communication networks attributed to Social media. In this paper, the mixed-method approach is utilized for qualita- tive and quantitative analysis to investigate the efficacy of social media in propounding the outcome of online social movements in India. Further, several factors which have a definite impact on the outcomes of such online social movements are highlighted. This study concludes that online social media campaigns can be viewed as an extension of ‘social norms media campaigns’. Further, it establishes that the internet penetration in India coupled with ‘online peer pressure’ accompanying such movements has ef- fectively aroused the consciousness of users towards such campaigns. It also highlights the alteration in the process of diffusion of ideas in society due to the advent of social media platforms.
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE UNEMPLOYMENT RATE IN ROMANIA DURING 1997-2019
Authors: BEJU Daniela-Georgeta , NISTOR Ioan-Alin , CIUPAC-ULICI Maria-Lenuţa
Published: March 2021

Current macroeconomic theories examine the problem of unemployment rate from the aggregate demand point of view. Rising unemployment is always seen as a sign of the weak economy, where is a slow growth and also little spending. These might trigger actions by authorities to help reduce unemployment, by increasing the nation's money supply, so it can boost the economy. Among the factors that influence (un-)employment, at least two very important should be taken in consideration: exchange rate and inflation. The research aims to analyse the impact of inflation, the RON / EURO exchange rate and the financial crisis on unemployment rate in Romania during January 1997- March 2019.
JEL Codes: E24, F31, E31
COMPETENCY TRAINING: MEASURING THE DETERMINANTS OF INTENTION
Authors: Nurhidayati Nurhidayati , Santoso Aprih , Suryanto Suryanto
Published: March 2021

The research aims to empirically analyze the effects of motivation, perceived costs, perceived convenience and perceived usefulness on student interest in participating in competency training. The research object is students of the Management Study Program, Faculty of Economics, Semarang University. The number of samples was 96 students. The sampling technique used a systematic random method, namely students of the Management Study Program, Faculty of Economics. Technique data analysis used multiple regression and classical assumption tests as well as hypothesis testing (t test and F test). The results showed that: (1) Motivation has a positive and significant effect on interest in participating in competency training. (2) Training costs have a negative effect on interest in participating in competency training. (3) Perception of convenience has a positive effect on interest in participating in competency training. (4) Perceived benefits have a positive effect on interest in participating in competency training. The conclusion is that motivation, perceived convenience and benefits have a positive and significant effect on the intention to attend competency training, while the training costs have negative results. The implication: (1) The quality of the training needs to be improved, namely by using a lot of case study questions and practice questions. (2) The material is kept as simple as possible so that it is easily understood by the trainees. (3) Cooperating with institutions that issue competency training tests.
Análisis musicológico post mortem: Colombo a Santo Domingo o la ópera del Centenario
Authors: Gómez Rivas Armando
Published: March 2021

En 1892, la celebración del cuarto centenario del descubrimiento de América tuvo una colaboración destacada del gremio musical. En el clímax de la festividad se realizó el estreno de la partitura Colombo a Santo Domingo; composición escrita por el autor mexicano Julio Morales. La naturaleza de la obra artística suponía que México participara con voz propia en el discurso más aristocrático de la música: la ópera. Sin embargo, tras el estreno y una inmediata función a beneficio, Colombo a Santo Domingo fue retirada por el autor y jamás se volvió a escenificar. Morales cuestionaba la ausencia de una apreciación crítica que advirtiera el verdadero alcance estético de la escritura musical.En este trabajo se cuestiona el proceso que llevó al retiro de la cartelera de la ópera del centenario. Para este fin, se realiza un acercamiento a la programación de la Compañía de Ópera Italiana del empresario Napoleón Sieni. A partir de este punto, se vincula el entorno de las producciones presentadas en 1892, para proponer una hipótesis que parte de la comparación que se realizó con obras consagradas del repertorio bel cantista. En el desarrollo de la argumentación se utilizan fuentes hemerográficas contemporáneas a la presentación. Como parte de un proceso historiográfico se propone una crítica de la crítica musical de la época que permite entender con mayor precisión la recepción de la obra. Finalmente, la conclusión se desprende de la comparación fundamentada en el análisis musical de la partitura autógrafa de Morales.
Lo que dijeron las brujas: Juárez y el estreno de la sinfonía-himno Dios salve a la patria
Authors: Miranda Ricardo
Published: March 2021

El concierto que la Sociedad Filarmónica Mexicana celebró el 1o de octubre de 1867 contó con la presencia de Benito Juárez y tuvo, entre muchas otras obras, el estreno de la sinfonía-himno Dios salve a la patria de Melesio Morales (1838-1908). El trabajo describe los interesantes pormenores técnicos de esta pieza extraordinaria y la sitúa en el más amplio entorno de las pugnas políticas que los miembros conservadores de la Sociedad Filarmónica enfrentaban durante las horas tempranas de la República Restaurada. En especial, se ha reconstruido el programa completo de la velada para leer, detrás de las piezas de ópera seleccionadas, el discurso social y político que la Sociedad Filarmónica quiso dar a entender a Juárez con el propósito de obtener del nuevo gobierno una crucial subvención pública y un edificio para su conservatorio de música.
Systemic-Communicative Dimensions of Modern Protest (based on German-Language Online Petitions)
Authors: Rebrina L. N. , Shamne N. L.
Published: March 2021

The results of a study of the characteristics of German-speaking online petitions on the openPetition platform, constituting a spatio-temporal, substantive, collective-personal systemic-communicative dimension of protest; studying the current manifestations of the mediation of politics and Net-thinking as an attribute of modern mediation in the studied communicative practices of protest are presented in the article. The integrative nature of electronic petitions is revealed, which is determined by their multifunctionality, discursive hybridity and stylistic syncretism. The design features in online petitions of a complex addressee (individual addressee and collective co-addressee) and complex addressee (mass and target addressee); relevant communication strategies and tactics of the mass addressee, individual addressee and co-addressees are described. The regularities of the agenda and discursive construction of the problem in online petitions are determined. The methods of forming and maintaining Internet solidarity in the studied protest practice are described. The manifestations of mediation of politics and personality in the analyzed practices are revealed. Attributes and actual reflection in online petitions of a new type of thinking (Net-thinking) as a consequence of the specifics of modern mediation of protest communication are described. The results of the study make a certain contribution to further understanding of the relationship between technological and sociocultural changes.
On the Reception of the Myth of Prometheus in Austrian Literature of 19th-20th Centuries
Authors: Kachorovskaya A. E.
Published: March 2021

This article focuses its attention on the motive of resistance characteristic of Austrian literature of the 19th - 20th centuries, which is considered from the point of view of the historical and literary relationship with the myth of Prometheus. The history of the issue is reviewed. A selective analysis of the versions of the Promethean myth in the Austrian historical and literary context of the 19th-20th centuries, which is part of the pan-European literary and philosophical heritage, is given. The stylistic and genre originality of Austrian interpretations of the myth of Prometheus is proved on the basis of a study of a number of works. The artistic reception of the image of Prometheus in the poem by Z. Lipiner "Liberated Prometheus", little studied in Russian literary criticism is considered in the article. Attention is paid to the version of the Promethean myth in the literature of Austrian Art Nouveau (on the example of F. Kafka's little prose). The issue of conflicting trends in the development of Austrian literature of the 20th century, affecting the interaction of the motive of resistance with the Promethean myth, is investigated by the example of M. Gruber's essay. The correlation of the Austrian versions of the motive of resistance with the myth of Prometheus is proved. The results of the study confirm the significance of the Promethean myth in the Austrian reception of the 19th-20th centuries, which has more pronounced features of drama and theatricality in relation to the European context.
Poetics of Visual Image in “Caucasian text” by A. S. Griboedov
Authors: Potashova K. A.
Published: March 2021

The object of the research is the “Caucasian text” by A. S. Griboedov in his pictorial aesthetics. The purpose of the study is to identify the features and principles of creating the illusion of visual perception in the "Caucasian text" by A. S. Griboedov. The relevance of the problem is determined by the accentuation of the value acquaintance of the Russian reader with the Caucasian culture in its natural component, as well as the insufficient knowledge of the "Caucasian text" by A. S. Griboedov and the need to clarify the features of the formation of the poet's artistic method. The novelty of the study is to identify the features of the poetics of visualization in the “Caucasian text” by A. S. Griboedov, to determine the mechanisms of verbal transmission of the picturesque. By analyzing the “Caucasian text” in the tradition of pittoresque voyage (traveling in search of the picturesque), the article first examines the poetics of pictorial art of A. S. Griboedov, manifested in the selection of colorful views, following the principle of local color, finding color solutions for verbal landscapes. Among the leading principles of visualization, the principles of framing, the alternation of general, large and super-large (volumetric images of small details) plans stand out. Conclusions are drawn about the importance of visualization tools for creating natural and national everyday paintings in the Caucasus. The dominance of the poetics of tangible objectivity in the reproduction of national paintings and historical events allows us to consider the “Caucasian text” by A. S. Griboedov as a step towards a new, realistic tradition of depicting the Caucasus, and realism as the basis of the poet’s artistic method.
Electronic Book of Memory as a Historical Source for Studying the Irretrievable Human Losses of the Kuibyshev Region in the Soviet-Finnish War of 1939-1940
Authors: Igoshina O. Yu.
Published: March 2021

The article considers a mass electronic source on the problem of irretrievable human losses of the USSR during the Soviet-Finnish war of 1939-1940, available to researchers in the form of a database on several information portals. It is indicated that it was based on the printed Book of Memory dedicated to the fallen soldiers in local wars and conflicts of the twentieth century. The analysis of its representativeness is carried out. The exceptional reliability of the resource is confirmed by the fact that during its creation a huge array of documents from federal and local archives was included in the scientific circulation. The information capabilities of the database for studying the human damage of one of the regions - the Kuibyshev (now Samara) region - were revealed. The relevance of the study is caused by insufficient study of this topic, with the undoubted importance of understanding the deed of all the fallen in the performance of military duty. The author uses the unique capabilities of an electronic resource to fill in the “blank spots” in the issue of human losses. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that quantitative methods of study are applied to it for the first time within the framework of regional history. The number of dead Kuibyshevites during the “winter war” (1737 people) was established, their analysis: age composition, distribution of losses by rank, military branch, cause of death, chronology was carried out.
Aspects of Considering the Phenomenon of Connotation: Lacunarity and Emotional Valency
Authors: Kislitsyna N. N. , Agapova S. G.
Published: March 2021

The features of the connotation phenomenon in the aspect of the theory of lacunarity and the concept of emotional valency are considered. The result of the analysis of synchronized databases of reference information systems “Scientific electronic library of Theses and Dissertations”, “Electronic library of dissertations”, “Man and science” and “Library of dissertations” for the study of the connotation phenomenon is presented. A dissertation catalog has been compiled, including 184 works in which the subject, object or separate issue under consideration is connotation, a graphical explication of the results of the content analysis of these dissertations is presented, and the analytical and prognostic potential of the developed linear graphs is described. Extensional and intensional directions of the study of connotation, as well as their fluctuations, are shown. The source of illustrative material was the parallel sub-corpus (English) of the National Corps of the Russian Language. The question of the relationship of the emotional coloring of the word and emotional connotation is considered. It is stated that the study of connotation as a multidimensional phenomenon requires an integrative approach and the convergence of humanitarian and natural sciences. It is concluded that the use of the theory of lacunarity with respect to the study of the connotation of linguistic units seems promising, allowing to systematize the concept of the phenomenon of connotation in the framework of modern linguistics.
Dygðirnar í Laxdæla sögu: Efniviður fyrir mannkostamenntun
Authors: Jack Róbert
Published: March 2021

Bókmenntakennsla í anda mannkostamenntunar byggist mjög á því að fjalla um dygðirnar í textanum. Þegar tilraun var gerð með að kenna Laxdæla sögu með þessu móti þurfti að taka saman dygðirnar í sögunni. Í þessari grein er að finna ítarlega greiningu á dygðum í Laxdælu. Beitt var tveimur aðferðum við að leita að dygðunum. Fyrri aðferðin fólst í að skoða þau dygðaorð sem koma fyrir í sögunni. Þannig má fá nokkuð heilsteypta mynd af þeim dygðum sem höfundur Laxdælu nefnir sjálfur. Til að fá breiðari mynd af dygðunum í sögunni og jafnframt dýpri mynd af þeim aðstæðum þar sem dygðir koma fyrir var beitt annarri aðferð. Þar var notaður listi yfir dygðir frá Jubilee-miðstöðinni á Englandi og skoðað hvað af þeim mætti finna í sögunni. Í báðum tilfellum voru sams konar dæmi tekin saman til að gefa sem besta mynd af notkun orða og tilvist dygða í Laxdælu. Greiningin er rökstuðningur fyrir tilvist dygða í sögunni, getur nýst þeim sem vilja kenna Laxdælu út frá dygðum og loks varpar hún fræðilegu ljósi á þær dygðir sem finna má í sögunni.
Discursos visuales en los museos arqueológicos provinciales de Andalucía. Propuesta expositiva de la Tumba del Guerrero en el Museo de Málaga
Authors: García González Julia
Published: March 2021

Partiendo de la premisa de que los bienes y sus contenedores son elementos vivos y fundamentales en la sociedad del s. XXI, en el presente artículo pretendemos mostrar el panorama regional de los discursos expositivos y casuísticas de los museos arqueológicos provinciales, para centrarnos en el Museo de Málaga y la presentación de un hallazgo que difiere y modifica el discurrir expositivo de dicho espacio. Así, los objetivos de este trabajo son la contextualización de la presencia de secciones de arqueología en diferentes museos provinciales andaluces; el estudio de la musealización de la Tumba del Guerrero junto a su contextualización; y la plasmación de una propuesta expositiva tras las últimas publicación de los estudios sobre el objeto de investigación pues aportan interesantes datos que pueden ser incluidos en el discurso expositivo.