bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Past and future roles of paired watersheds: a North American inventory and anecdotes from the Caspar Creek Experimental Watersheds
Authors: Richardson Paul W. , Cafferata Peter H. , Dymond Salli F. , Keppeler Elizabeth T. , Wagenbrenner Joseph W. , Whiting John A.
Published: October 2023

Given the high costs of constructing, maintaining, monitoring, and sampling paired watersheds, it is prudent to ask “Are paired watershed studies still worth the effort?” We present a compilation of 90 North American paired watershed studies and use examples from the Caspar Creek Experimental Watersheds to contend that paired watershed studies are still worth the effort and will continue to remain relevant in an era of big data and short funding cycles. We offer three reasons to justify this assertion. First, paired watersheds allow for watershed-scale experiments that have produced insights into hydrologic processes, water quality, and nutrient cycling for over 100 years. Paired watersheds remain an important guide to inform best management practices for timber harvesting and other land-management concerns. Second, paired watersheds can produce long climate, streamflow, and water quality records because sites are frequently maintained over the course of multiple experiments or long post-treatment periods. Long-term datasets can reveal ecological surprises, such as changes in climate-streamflow relationships driven by slow successional processes. Having multiple watershed records helps identify the cause of these changes. Third, paired watersheds produce data that are ideal for developing and testing hydrologic models. Ultimately, the fate of paired watersheds is up to the scientific community and funding agencies. We hope that their importance continues to be recognized.
Transcriptome analysis of divergent residual feed intake phenotypes in the M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum of Wannan Yellow rabbits
Authors: Huang Dongwei , Wang Yuanlang , Qi Pingping , Ding Haisheng , Zhao Huiling
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Feed efficiency is an important economic trait in rabbit meat production. The identification of molecular mechanisms and candidate genes for feed efficiency may improve the economic and environmental benefits of the rabbit meat industry. As an alternative to the conventional feed conversion ratio, residual feed intake (RFI) can be used as an accurate indicator of feed efficiency.

Methods: RNA sequencing was used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum of eight Wannan Yellow rabbits with excessively high or low RFIs (HRFI or LRFI, respectively). Thereafter, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, enrichment using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis was conducted.

Results: In total, 445 DEGs were identified in the M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum of rabbits with high and low RFIs. The significantly enriched GO terms identified in these two groups were primarily involved in energy and mitochondrial metabolism and oxidation–reduction processes. KEGG analysis identified 11 significantly enriched pathways, including oxidative phosphorylation, PI3K-Akt signaling, and extracellular matrix-receptor interaction pathways. According to GSEA, the expressions of genes and pathways related to mitochondrial function were upregulated in HRFI rabbits, whereas genes with upregulated expressions in LRFI rabbits were related to immune response and energy metabolism. Additionally, PPI network analysis revealed five potential candidate genetic markers.

Conclusion: Comparative analysis of the M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum transcriptomes in HRFI and LRFI rabbits revealed FOS, MYC, PRKACB, ITGA2, and FN1 as potential candidate genes that affect feed efficiency in rabbits. In addition, key signaling pathways involved in oxidative phosphorylation and PI3K-Akt and ECM-receptor interaction signaling impact rabbit feed efficiency. These findings will aid in breeding programs to improve feed efficiency and optimize RFI selection of rabbits for meat production.
Population genetics and external proficiency testing for HLA disease associations
Authors: Mrazek Frantisek
Published: October 2023

Numerous associations of HLA variants with susceptibility to diseases, namely, those with an immunopathological component, have been described to date. The strongest HLA associations were incorporated into the standard algorithms for the diagnostics. Disease-associated HLA variants are routinely detected by various techniques including DNA-based assays. For the identification of HLA markers or their combinations with the highest diagnostic value and those with frequent clinical indications (e.g., HLA-B*27, -B*57:01, -DQ2/-DQ8, -DQB1*06:02), diagnostic tests that focus on a single or limited number of specific HLA antigens/alleles, have already been developed; the use of complete typing for particular HLA loci is a relevant alternative. Importantly, external proficiency testing (EPT) became an integral part of good laboratory practice for HLA disease associations in accredited laboratories and not only supports correct “technical” identification of the associated HLA variants, but also adequate interpretation of the results to the clinicians. In the present article selected aspects of EPT for HLA disease associations related to population genetics are reviewed and discussed with the emphasis on the optimal level of HLA typing resolution, population-based differences in disease associated HLA alleles within the allelic group, distribution and linkage disequilibrium of HLA alleles in particular populations and interpretation of the presence of less common HLA variants/haplotypes. In conclusion, the laboratories that perform and interpret the tests to the clinicians, producers of the certified diagnostics and EPT providers should consider, among others, the genetic characteristics of the populations in order to optimise the diagnostic value of the tests for disease-associated HLA variants.
Application of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and their agonists in cancer vaccines and immunotherapy
Authors: Chakraborty Samik , Ye Juan , Wang Herui , Sun Mitchell , Zhang Yaping , Sang Xueyu , Zhuang Zhengping
Published: October 2023

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) expressed in various immune cell types and perform multiple purposes and duties involved in the induction of innate and adaptive immunity. Their capability to propagate immunity makes them attractive targets for the expansion of numerous immunotherapeutic approaches targeting cancer. These immunotherapeutic strategies include using TLR ligands/agonists as monotherapy or combined therapeutic strategies. Several TLR agonists have demonstrated significant efficacy in advanced clinical trials. In recent years, multiple reports established the applicability of TLR agonists as adjuvants to chemotherapeutic drugs, radiation, and immunotherapies, including cancer vaccines. Cancer vaccines are a relatively novel approach in the field of cancer immunotherapy and are currently under extensive evaluation for treating different cancers. In the present review, we tried to deliver an inclusive discussion of the significant TLR agonists and discussed their application and challenges to their incorporation into cancer immunotherapy approaches, particularly highlighting the usage of TLR agonists as functional adjuvants to cancer vaccines. Finally, we present the translational potential of rWTC-MBTA vaccination [irradiated whole tumor cells (rWTC) pulsed with phagocytic agonists Mannan-BAM, TLR ligands, and anti-CD40 agonisticAntibody], an autologous cancer vaccine leveraging membrane-bound Mannan-BAM, and the immune-inducing prowess of TLR agonists as a probable immunotherapy in multiple cancer types.
Material matters: exploring the interplay between natural biomaterials and host immune system
Authors: Tripathi Alok Shiomurti , Zaki Magdi E. A. , Al-Hussain Sami A. , Dubey Bidhyut Kumar , Singh Prabhjot , Rind Laiba , Yadav Rajnish Kumar
Published: October 2023

Biomaterials are widely used for various medical purposes, for instance, implants, tissue engineering, medical devices, and drug delivery systems. Natural biomaterials can be obtained from proteins, carbohydrates, and cell-specific sources. However, when these biomaterials are introduced into the body, they trigger an immune response which may lead to rejection and failure of the implanted device or tissue. The immune system recognizes natural biomaterials as foreign substances and triggers the activation of several immune cells, for instance, macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells. These cells release pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which recruit other immune cells to the implantation site. The activation of the immune system can lead to an inflammatory response, which can be beneficial or detrimental, depending on the type of natural biomaterial and the extent of the immune response. These biomaterials can also influence the immune response by modulating the behavior of immune cells. For example, biomaterials with specific surface properties, such as charge and hydrophobicity, can affect the activation and differentiation of immune cells. Additionally, biomaterials can be engineered to release immunomodulatory factors, such as anti-inflammatory cytokines, to promote a tolerogenic immune response. In conclusion, the interaction between biomaterials and the body’s immune system is an intricate procedure with potential consequences for the effectiveness of therapeutics and medical devices. A better understanding of this interplay can help to design biomaterials that promote favorable immune responses and minimize adverse reactions.
PPARs at the crossroads of T cell differentiation and type 1 diabetes
Authors: Riaz Farooq , Wei Ping , Pan Fan
Published: October 2023

T-cell-mediated autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by the immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells (β-cells). The increasing prevalence of T1D poses significant challenges to the healthcare system, particularly in countries with struggling economies. This review paper highlights the multifaceted roles of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) in the context of T1D, shedding light on their potential as regulators of immune responses and β-cell biology. Recent research has elucidated the intricate interplay between CD4+ T cell subsets, such as Tregs and Th17, in developing autoimmune diseases like T1D. Th17 cells drive inflammation, while Tregs exert immunosuppressive functions, highlighting the delicate balance crucial for immune homeostasis. Immunotherapy has shown promise in reinstating self-tolerance and restricting the destruction of autoimmune responses, but further investigations are required to refine these therapeutic strategies. Intriguingly, PPARs, initially recognized for their role in lipid metabolism, have emerged as potent modulators of inflammation in autoimmune diseases, particularly in T1D. Although evidence suggests that PPARs affect the β-cell function, their influence on T-cell responses and their potential impact on T1D remains largely unexplored. It was noted that PPARα is involved in restricting the transcription of IL17A and enhancing the expression of Foxp3 by minimizing its proteasomal degradation. Thus, antagonizing PPARs may exert beneficial effects in regulating the differentiation of CD4+ T cells and preventing T1D. Therefore, this review advocates for comprehensive investigations to delineate the precise roles of PPARs in T1D pathogenesis, offering innovative therapeutic avenues that target both the immune system and pancreatic function. This review paper seeks to bridge the knowledge gap between PPARs, immune responses, and T1D, providing insights that may revolutionize the treatment landscape for this autoimmune disorder. Moreover, further studies involving PPAR agonists in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice hold promise for developing novel T1D therapies.
Recurrence of common bile duct stones after choledocholithotomy in elderly patients: risk factor analysis and clinical prediction model development
Authors: Wang Han , He Yu-qi , Dong Shi-yang , Zhong Wan , Tao Ping , Yang Shi-yong , Liu Zi-jun
Published: October 2023

Background

The reasons for the recurrence of common bile duct stones (CBDS) in elderly patients after choledocholithotomy are still unclear. This study aims to establish a prediction model for CBDS recurrence by identifying risk factors.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of 1804 elderly patients aged 65 years and above who were diagnosed to have CBDS and were admitted to Nanjing First Hospital between January 1, 2010, and January 1, 2021. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 706 patients were selected for the final analysis. The patients were assigned to two groups according to the presence or absence of CBDS recurrence, and their clinical data were then statistically analyzed. Subsequently, a prediction model and nomogram were developed, evaluating effectiveness using the concordance index (C-index).

Results

Of the 706 elderly patients, 62 patients experienced CBDS recurrence after surgery, resulting in a recurrence rate of 8.8%. The multivariate Cox analysis showed that prior history of cholecystectomy (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.931, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.051–3.547, p = 0.034), white blood cell (WBC) count ≥11.0 × 109/L (HR = 2.923, 95% CI: 1.723–4.957, p < 0.001), preoperative total bilirubin (TBIL) level ≥ 36.5 mmol/L (HR = 2.172, 95% CI: 1.296–3.639, p = 0.003), number of stones ≥2 (HR = 2.093, 95% CI: 1.592–5.294, p = 0.001), maximum stone diameter ≥ 0.85 cm (HR = 1.940, 95% CI: 1.090–3.452, p = 0.024), and T-tube drainage (HR = 2.718, 95% CI: 1.230–6.010, p = 0.013) were independent risk factors of CBDS recurrence in elderly patients after choledocholithotomy. A postoperative CBDS recurrence prediction model was constructed with a C-index value of 0.758 (95% CI: 0.698–0.818) and internal validation value of 0.758 (95% CI: 0.641–0.875).

Conclusion

A history of cholecystectomy, WBC count ≥11.0 × 109/L, preoperative TBIL level ≥ 36.5 mmol/L, number of stones ≥2, maximum stone diameter ≥ 0.85 cm, and T-tube drainage are the independent risk factors of CBDS recurrence after choledocholithotomy in elderly patients. Our developed prediction model for CBDS recurrence has good predictive ability and can help predict the prognosis of patients with CBDS.
Mental health first aid training among healthcare French students: a qualitative study
Authors: Sibeoni Jordan , Ellul Pierre , Bubola Théo , Debiche Yanis , Piot Marie-Aude
Published: October 2023

Background

Healthcare students are a population more at risk for mental health issues, especially anxiety, depression, and suicidal thoughts. The health faculty of Université Paris Cité in France, Paris has implemented a Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) course aiming to improve students’ mental health literacy, self-care and peer-support and to decrease stigma about mental illness. We conducted a qualitative study exploring the lived experience of this MHFA training course among healthcare students so to better assess its implementation within this specific context and population.

Methods

This qualitative study used the five-stage inductive process to analyze the structure of lived experience (IPSE) approach. All the healthcare students that had completed the 2-day MHFA training were approached to participate. Data was collected through individual semi-structured interviews and inclusion continued until data saturation was reached. Data analysis was based on an inductive, descriptive, and structuring procedure to determine the structure of lived experience characterized by the central axes of experience.

Results

Twenty students were included. Data analysis produced a common structure of lived experience based on three central axes of experience, (1) a personal experience, (2) a student experience and (3) a professional experience. The participants all experienced this course intertwined within these 3 axes. Their motivation to take the course was personal -being of feeling concerned by the topic-, was study-oriented – to learn and revise psychiatry- and was professional – so to develop both practical and soft skills. In their personal experience, participants reported a transformative experience and some interventions with friends and family, while both in their student and professional experience, they felt frustrated with both the content and the form of the course.

Conclusion

The results reported similar outcomes reported in the literature about skills, knowledge, and awareness; but mostly produce original avenues about how to better adapt such course to this specific population so to better address students’ expectations and mental health issues. This MHFA course -with an adapted content addressing eating disorders, self-mutilations and sexual and gender-based violence – could be part of the early curriculum of healthcare students. The latter could then benefit from a level 2/advanced MHFA course years later specifically tailored for healthcare professionals.
In focus: perplexing increase of urinary stone disease in children, adolescent and young adult women and its economic impact
Authors: Filler Guido , Dave Sumit , Ritter Victor , Ross Sherry , Viprakasit Davis , Hatch Joseph E. , Bjazevic Jennifer , Burton Jeremy , Gilleskie Donna , Gilliland Jason , Lin Feng-Chang , Jain Nina , McClure J. Andrew , Razvi Hassan , Bhayana Vipin , Wang Peter , Coulson Sherry , Sultan Nabil , Denstedt John , Fearrington Loretta , Diaz-Gonzalez de Ferris Maria E.
Published: October 2023

Background

Urinary stone disease (USD) historically has affected older men, but studies suggest recent increases in women, leading to a near identical sex incidence ratio. USD incidence has doubled every 10 years, with disproportionate increases amongst children, adolescent, and young adult (AYA) women. USD stone composition in women is frequently apatite (calcium phosphate), which forms in a higher urine pH, low urinary citrate, and an abundance of urinary uric acid, while men produce more calcium oxalate stones. The reasons for this epidemiological trend are unknown.

Methods

This perspective presents the extent of USD with data from a Canadian Province and a North American institution, explanations for these findings and offers potential solutions to decrease this trend. We describe the economic impact of USD.

Findings

There was a significant increase of 46% in overall surgical interventions for USD in Ontario. The incidence rose from 47.0/100,000 in 2002 to 68.7/100,000 population in 2016. In a single United States institution, the overall USD annual unique patient count rose from 10,612 to 17,706 from 2015 to 2019, and the proportion of women with USD was much higher than expected. In the 10–17-year-old patients, 50.1% were girls; with 57.5% in the 18–34 age group and 53.6% in the 35–44 age group. The roles of obesity, diet, hormones, environmental factors, infections, and antibiotics, as well as the economic impact, are discussed.

Interpretation

We confirm the significant increase in USD among women. We offer potential explanations for this sex disparity, including microbiological and pathophysiological aspects. We also outline innovative solutions – that may require steps beyond typical preventive and treatment recommendations.
Distribution and association of antimicrobial resistance and virulence characteristics in Enterococcus spp. isolates from captive Asian elephants in China
Authors: Yang Jinpeng , Chen Yanshan , Dong Zhiyou , Zhang Wenqing , Liu Lijuan , Meng Wanyu , Li Qianlan , Fu Keyi , Zhou Ziyao , Liu Haifeng , Zhong Zhijun , Xiao Xiao , Zhu Jieyao , Peng Guangneng
Published: October 2023

Enterococcus spp., as an opportunistic pathogen, are widely distributed in the environment and the gastrointestinal tracts of both humans and animals. Captive Asian elephants, popular animals at tourist attractions, have frequent contact with humans. However, there is limited information on whether captive Asian elephants can serve as a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The aim of this study was to characterize AMR, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), virulence-associated genes (VAGs), gelatinase activity, hemolysis activity, and biofilm formation of Enterococcus spp. isolated from captive Asian elephants, and to analyze the potential correlations among these factors. A total of 62 Enterococcus spp. strains were isolated from fecal samples of captive Asian elephants, comprising 17 Enterococcus hirae (27.4%), 12 Enterococcus faecalis (19.4%), 8 Enterococcus faecium (12.9%), 7 Enterococcus avium (11.3%), 7 Enterococcus mundtii (11.3%), and 11 other Enterococcus spp. (17.7%). Isolates exhibited high resistance to rifampin (51.6%) and streptomycin (37.1%). 50% of Enterococcus spp. isolates exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR), with all E. faecium strains demonstrating MDR. Additionally, nine ARGs were identified, with tet(M) (51.6%), erm(B) (24.2%), and cfr (21.0%) showing relatively higher detection rates. Biofilm formation, gelatinase activity, and α-hemolysin activity were observed in 79.0, 24.2, and 14.5% of the isolates, respectively. A total of 18 VAGs were detected, with gelE being the most prevalent (69.4%). Correlation analysis revealed 229 significant positive correlations and 12 significant negative correlations. The strongest intra-group correlations were observed among VAGs. Notably, we found that vancomycin resistance showed a significant positive correlation with ciprofloxacin resistance, cfr, and gelatinase activity, respectively. In conclusion, captive Asian elephants could serve as significant reservoirs for the dissemination of AMR to humans.
Alginate-based hydrogel platform embedding silver nanoparticles and cisplatin: characterization of the synergistic effect on a breast cancer cell line
Authors: Maher Shaimaa , Kalil Haitham , Liu Guiming , Sossey-Alaoui Khalid , Bayachou Mekki
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Breast cancer is a significant cause of mortality in women globally, and current treatment approaches face challenges due to side effects and drug resistance. Nanotechnology offers promising solutions by enabling targeted drug delivery and minimizing toxicity to normal tissues.

Methods: In this study, we developed a composite platform called (Alg-AgNPs-CisPt), consisting of silver nanoparticles coated with an alginate hydrogel embedding cisplatin. We examined the effectiveness of this nanocomplex in induce synergistic cytotoxic effects on breast cancer cells.

Results and Discussion: Characterization using various analytical techniques confirmed the composition of the nanocomplex and the distribution of its components. Cytotoxicity assays and apoptosis analysis demonstrated that the nanocomplex exhibited greater efficacy against breast cancer cells compared to AgNPs or cisplatin as standalone treatments. Moreover, the nanocomplex was found to enhance intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, further validating its efficacy. The synergistic action of the nanocomplex constituents offers potential advantages in reducing side effects associated with higher doses of cisplatin as a standalone treatment. Overall, this study highlights the potential of the (Alg-AgNPs-CisPt) nanocomplex as a promising platform embedding components with synergistic action against breast cancer cells.
Predictive value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio for treatment response in patients diagnosed with definite or probable autoimmune encephalitis/encephalopathy
Authors: Ogami Shuhei , Koh Jinsoo , Miyamoto Katsuichi , Mori Megumi , Takahashi Maiko , Nakayama Yoshiaki , Sakata Mayumi , Hiwatani Yasuhiro , Kajimoto Yoshinori , Ishiguchi Hiroshi , Ito Hidefumi
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Autoimmune encephalitis/encephalopathy (AE) is a complex and heterogeneous disease, making it difficult to predict the prognosis. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has emerged as a potential prognostic tool, but its usefulness remains a matter of debate. This study aimed to explore prognostic factors in cases of clinically definite or probable AE, including those with autoantibody-negative, or unknown status.

Methods

Data on patients diagnosed with definite or probable AE, including those with autoantibody-negative, or unknown status, were retrospectively collected from the admission records of our department between January 2013 and December 2022. These patients were then categorized into either a good- or poor-response group, based on their short-term treatment response. Clinical characteristics, auxiliary examinations, and treatments were compared between the two groups. A multivariable logistic regression model was constructed to identify independent predictors of poor short-term treatment response by Akaike information criterion backward stepwise method.

Results

A total of 31 patients were included in the final analysis, with 18 of them included in the poor-response group. In the univariable analysis, the poor-response group had a higher proportion of patients with a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) high score upon admission, female, epileptic seizures, or NLRs of 3.93 or higher than the good-response group (all p < 0.10). Furthermore, the multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the mRS score upon admission [OR: 5.51, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.29–23.50, p = 0.02], epileptic seizures (OR: 10.01, 95% CI: 1.16–86.66, p = 0.04), and NLRs of 3.93 or higher (OR: 11.37, 95% CI: 1.12–114.68, p = 0.04) were significantly associated with poor short-term treatment response.

Conclusion

The NLR may play a supplementary role in predicting the short-term treatment response in patients diagnosed with definite or probable AE, including those with autoantibody-negative, or unknown status.
A qualitative study of food sociality in three provinces of South China: social functions of food and dietary behavior
Authors: Yan Youxuan , Petersen Jindong Ding , Lin Liuting , Chen Juncai , Li Xiyi , Ji Guiyuan , Zhang Fan
Published: October 2023

Background

Food sociality refers to the exploration of food production, exchange, distribution, and consumption and influences on cultural communication and social meaning. This study aimed to investigate food sociality in three provinces of South China to provide theoretical and practical evidence of food sociality in the region and to revise nutrition policies.

Materials and methods

We conducted a qualitative study comprising 25 experts in the fields of nutrition, sociology, food science, and agriculture from Hainan, Guangdong, and Guangxi Province by using a semi-structured in-depth interview, which included 28 pre-determined questions covering six topics. The interviews were conducted between November 2020 and March 2021. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed thematically using NVivo 11.0.

Results

Of the 25 experts, the mean age was 50.6 (SD = 8.4) years, 15 (60%) were male, and 22 (88%) held a master's degree or above. The analysis showed that food sociality in three provinces of South China mainly comprises social functions of food and dietary behavior. Regarding social functions of food, the experts expressed that food represents local culture (72%, 18 experts), presents social status and economic power (40%, 10 experts), and is central to special occasions, traditional customs, and etiquette activities (60%, 15 experts). In terms of social functions of dietary behaviors, the majority of experts indicated that food is a social communication tool (72% experts), has geographical characteristics (80% experts), and, to some extent, is used as a proxy for reward or punishment. Furthermore, festivals are one of the core elements of food sociality in the region, although food safety is a major concern. Some dietary behaviors, such as overindulgence in afternoon tea and encouraging drinking, may increase the risk of chronic diseases.

Conclusion

Food sociality in three provinces of South China is mainly related to the social function of food and dietary behavior. It is a combination of local culture, social status and economic power, traditional customs, rewards and punishments, geographical food preference, and social communication tools. The authors recommend increasing food safety at festivals and promoting healthy eating behaviors in order to improve the overall health of the population in this region.
Impact of integrated preventive and curative health package on nutritional status of children under 2 years of age in the health area of Tama, Tahoua region (Niger)
Authors: Pedrero-Tomé Roberto , Marrodán María Dolores , López-Ejeda Noemí , Escruela Montserrat , Rocaspana Merce , Vargas Antonio , Casademont Cristian , Gutiérrez Rui , Lanusse Candelaria
Published: October 2023

Background

Niger, relevant in light of current political coup, is one of the countries with the worst human development indicators, characterized by high fertility rates and extremely high infant mortality rates. Food insecurity in the region is alarming, leading to high malnutrition rates in children. This study aimed to evaluate an integral preventive-curative health program targeting children aged under 2 years in the health area of Tama, district of Bouza, Tahoua.

Methodology

Anthropometric follow-up data of 6,962 children aged under 2 years were included in this study. These children received complete vaccination and malaria chemoprevention, and those older than 6 months received nutritional supplementation with a small quantity of lipid-based nutrient supplements. Fundamental growth indicators (height-for-age, weight-for-height, weight-for-age, and middle-upper arm circumference) and the Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure were calculated at the beginning and end of the program (mean time spent in the program: 14.5 ± 6.6 months) The evolution of these indicators was compared with those of a sample from a vertical vaccination program conducted in the neighboring region of Madarounfa on similar dates.

Results

The proportion of children without anthropometric failure decreased from 59.5 to 40.2% (p < 0.001), with the categories that included stunting increasing the most. When analyzing the anthropometric indicators according to the months of compliance with the program, there was a slight improvement in the indicators of acute malnutrition, whereas those of chronic malnutrition worsened significantly. However, when compared with the Madarounfa sample, the children in the present study registered a significantly lower worsening in all three indicators: height-age (−0.46 vs. -2.44; p < 0.001), weight-height (+0.31 vs. -0.55; p < 0.001) and weight-age (−0.03 vs. -1.63; p < 0.001) difference.

Conclusion

The comprehensive preventive-curative health program slightly slows the worsening of cumulative malnutrition in the early years of life in complex contexts, such as southern Niger.
The transmembrane proteins (TMEM) and their role in cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer
Authors: Herrera-Quiterio Gloria Angelina , Encarnación-Guevara Sergio
Published: October 2023

Transmembrane proteins (TMEM) are located in the different biological membranes of the cell and have at least one passage through these cellular compartments. TMEM proteins carry out a wide variety of functions necessary to maintain cell homeostasis TMEM165 participates in glycosylation protein, TMEM88 in the development of cardiomyocytes, TMEM45A in epidermal keratinization, and TMEM74 regulating autophagy. However, for many TMEM proteins, their physiological function remains unknown. The role of these proteins is being recently investigated in cancer since transcriptomic and proteomic studies have revealed that exits differential expression of TMEM proteins in different neoplasms concerning cancer-free tissues. Among the cellular processes in which TMEM proteins have been involved in cancer are the promotion or suppression of cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion, migration, intravasation/extravasation, metastasis, modulation of the immune response, and response to antineoplastic drugs. Inclusive data suggests that the participation of TMEM proteins in these cellular events could be carried out through involvement in different cell signaling pathways. However, the exact mechanisms not clear. This review shows a description of the involvement of TMEM proteins that promote or decrease cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in cancer cells, describes those TMEM proteins for which both a tumor suppressor and a tumor promoter role have been identified, depending on the type of cancer in which the protein is expressed. As well as some TMEM proteins involved in chemoresistance. A better characterization of these proteins is required to improve the understanding of the tumors in which their expression and function are altered; in addition to improving the understanding of the role of these proteins in cancer will show those TMEM proteins be potential candidates as biomarkers of response to chemotherapy or prognostic biomarkers or as potential therapeutic targets in cancer.
Characterization of the far-red fluorescent probe MitoView 633 for dynamic mitochondrial membrane potential measurement
Authors: Ernst Patrick , Kim Seulhee , Yang Zengqiao , Liu Xiaoguang Margaret , Zhou Lufang
Published: October 2023

Introduction: MitoView 633, a far-red fluorescent dye, exhibits the ability to accumulate within mitochondria in a membrane potential-dependent manner, as described by the Nernst equation. This characteristic renders it a promising candidate for bioenergetics studies, particularly as a robust indicator of mitochondrial membrane potential (DYm). Despite its great potential, its utility in live cell imaging has not been well characterized.

Methods: This study seeks to characterize the spectral properties of MitoView 633 in live cells and evaluate its mitochondrial staining, resistance to photobleaching, and dynamics during DYm depolarization. The co-staining and imaging of MitoView 633 with other fluorophores such as MitoSOX Red and Fluo-4 AM were also examined in cardiomyocytes using confocal microscopy.

Results and Discussion: Spectrum analysis showed that MitoView 633 emission could be detected at 660 ± 50 nm, and exhibited superior thermal stability compared to tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (TMRM), a commonly used DYm indicator, which emits at 605 ± 25 nm. Confocal imaging unequivocally illustrated MitoView 633’s specific localization within the mitochondrial matrix, corroborated by its colocalization with MitoTracker Green, a well-established mitochondrial marker. Furthermore, our investigation revealed that MitoView 633 exhibited minimal photobleaching at the recommended in vitro concentrations. Additionally, the dynamics of MitoView 633 fluoresce during carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP, a mitochondrial uncoupler)-induced DYm depolarization mirrored that of TMRM. Importantly, MitoView 633 demonstrated compatibility with co-staining alongside MitoSOX Red and Fluo-4 AM, enabling concurrent monitoring of DYm, mitochondrial ROS, and cytosolic Ca2+ in intact cells.

Conclusion: These findings collectively underscore MitoView 633 as a superb molecular probe for the singular or combined assessment of DYm and other indicators in live cell imaging applications.
Development of simple sequence repeat markers for sugarcane from data mining of expressed sequence tags
Authors: Jiang Huahao , Waseem Muhammad , Wang Yong , Basharat Sana , Zhang Xia , Li Yun , Liu Pingwu
Published: October 2023

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) is a worldwide acclaimed important agricultural crop used primarily for sugar production and biofuel. Sugarcane’s genetic complexity, aneuploidy, and extreme heterozygosity make it a challenging crop in developing improved varieties. The molecular breeding programs promise to develop nutritionally improved varieties for both direct consumption and commercial application. Therefore, to address these challenges, the development of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) has been proven to be a powerful molecular tool in sugarcane. This study involved the collection of 285216 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from sugarcane, resulting in 23666 unigenes, including 4547 contigs. Our analysis identified 4120 unigenes containing a total of 4960 SSRs, with the most abundant repeat types being monomeric (44.33%), dimeric (13.10%), and trimeric (39.68%). We further chose 173 primers to analyze the banding pattern in 10 sugarcane accessions by PAGE analysis. Additionally, functional annotation analysis showed that 71.07%, 53.6%, and 10.3% unigenes were annotated by Uniport, GO, and KEGG, respectively. GO annotations and KEGG pathways were distributed across three functional categories: molecular (46.46%), cellular (33.94%), and biological pathways (19.6%). The cluster analysis indicated the formation of four distinct clusters among selected sugarcane accessions, with maximum genetic distance observed among the varieties. We believe that these EST-SSR markers will serve as valuable references for future genetic characterization, species identification, and breeding efforts in sugarcane.
Current status, breeding strategies and future prospects for managing chilli leaf curl virus disease and associated begomoviruses in Chilli (Capsicum spp.)
Authors: Nalla Manoj Kumar , Schafleitner Roland , Pappu Hanu R. , Barchenger Derek W.
Published: October 2023

Chilli leaf curl virus disease caused by begomoviruses, has emerged as a major threat to global chilli production, causing severe yield losses and economic harm. Begomoviruses are a highly successful and emerging group of plant viruses that are primarily transmitted by whiteflies belonging to theBemisia tabacicomplex. The most effective method for mitigating chilli leaf curl virus disease losses is breeding for host resistance toBegomovirus. This review highlights the current situation of chilli leaf curl virus disease and associated begomoviruses in chilli production, stressing the significant issues that breeders and growers confront. In addition, the various breeding methods used to generate begomovirus resistant chilli cultivars, and also the complicated connections between the host plant, vector and the virus are discussed. This review highlights the importance of resistance breeding, emphasising the importance of multidisciplinary approaches that combine the best of traditional breeding with cutting-edge genomic technologies. subsequently, the article highlights the challenges that must be overcome in order to effectively deploy begomovirus resistant chilli varieties across diverse agroecological zones and farming systems, as well as understanding the pathogen thus providing the opportunities for improving the sustainability and profitability of chilli production.
Dauciform roots affect the position of the neighboring plants on the economic spectrum in degraded alpine meadows
Authors: Fan Rong , Huang Yulin , Liu Wanting , Jiang Songlin , Ji Wenli
Published: October 2023

Background and aims

Special root structures that can dissolve insoluble phosphorus locked in soil are supposed to contribute not only to the growing status of themselves but also to the neighbouring plants. However, whether dauciform roots have any effect on the neighbouring plants and how does it respond to meadow degradation had not been studied.

Methods

Alpine meadows with different degradation statuses were selected and the functional traits of Carex filispica and the co-occurring species Polygonum viviparum were measured to explore their response to degradation, as well as the response of Polygonum viviparum to the dauciform roots of Carex filispica.

Results

The results showed that 1) the number of dauciform roots decreased with the intensifying degradation, positively related to available phosphorus in the soil and negatively related to the aboveground phosphorus of Carex filispica. 2) Carex filispica and Polygonum viviparum are similar in specific leaf area and specific root area, yet different in the phosphorus content. The available phosphorus in the soil was negatively related to the aboveground phosphorus of Carex filispica and positively related to that of Polygonum viviparum. 3) When lightly degraded, the proportion of dauciform roots had positive effects on the aboveground resource-acquiring traits of Polygonum viviparum, which were no longer significant at heavy degradation. 4) Polygonum viviparum and Carex filispica without dauciform roots have similar performance: a decrease of belowground carbon with the increasing degradation, and a trend toward resource conservation with the increasing proportion of dauciform roots, which did not exist in Carex filispica with dauciform roots.

Conclusion

Our study found that dauciform roots had a beneficial effect on the resource acquisition of their neighbouring plants. However, due to the uncontrollable nature of natural habitats, whether this effect is stable and strong enough to be performed in ecological restoration requires further lab-controlled studies.
Finding meaning: a realist-informed perspective on social risk screening and relationships as mechanisms of change
Authors: Bunce Arwen E. , Morrissey Suzanne , Kaufmann Jorge , Krancari Molly , Bowen Megan , Gold Rachel
Published: October 2023

Background

Social risk screening rates in many US primary care settings remain low. This realist-informed evaluation explored the mechanisms through which a tailored coaching and technical training intervention impacted social risk screening uptake in 26 community clinics across the United States.

Methods

Evaluation data sources included the documented content of interactions between the clinics and implementation support team and electronic health record (EHR) data. Following the realist approach, analysis was composed of iterative cycles of developing, testing and refining program theories about how the intervention did—or didn't—work, for whom, under what circumstances. Normalization Process Theory was applied to the realist program theories to enhance the explanatory power and transferability of the results.

Results

Analysis identified three overarching realist program theories. First, clinic staff perceptions about the role of standardized social risk screening in person-centered care—considered “good” care and highly valued—strongly impacted receptivity to the intervention. Second, the physicality of the intervention materials facilitated collaboration and impacted clinic leaders' perception of the legitimacy of the social risk screening implementation work. Third, positive relationships between the implementation support team members, between the support team and clinic champions, and between clinic champions and staff motivated and inspired clinic staff to engage with the intervention and to tailor workflows to their settings' needs. Study clinics did not always exhibit the social risk screening patterns anticipated by the program theories due to discrepant definitions of success between clinic staff (improved ability to provide contextualized, person-centered care) and the trial (increased rates of EHR-documented social risk screening). Aligning the realist program theories with Normalization Process Theory constructs clarified that the intervention as implemented emphasized preparation over operationalization and appraisal, providing insight into why the intervention did not successfully embed sustained systematic social risk screening in participating clinics.

Conclusion

The realist program theories highlighted the effectiveness and importance of intervention components and implementation strategies that support trusting relationships as mechanisms of change. This may be particularly important in social determinants of health work, which requires commitment and humility from health care providers and vulnerability on the part of patients.
Aerobic exercise 3 times per week in adult rats did not influence the progression of periodontal disease
Authors: Souza Thalita Borges , Baptista Rafael Reimann
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Physical exercise has proven efficacy in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases, and its anti-inflammatory effect has been evaluated as a potential preventive factor in the progression of periodontal disease, in addition to improving physiological parameters.

Methods

To test this hypothesis regarding its preventive factor, we evaluated the effects of aerobic training on the progression of periodontal disease in 8-month-old Wistar rats (n = 44). The animals underwent a swimming protocol lasting six weeks, with periodontal disease induced by ligature in the fifth week, totaling fourteen days of ligature placement. Anthropometric parameters were measured for subsequent calculations of BMI and Lee's Index. Interleukin-1β testing was performed to measure serum inflammatory parameters, and alveolar bone loss was measured using images to calculate the area of loss.

Results

The trained animals showed no significant differences compared to the non-trained animals in terms of anthropometric measures. Regarding the area of bone loss, although there were significant differences between the groups with and without periodontal disease, exercise did not demonstrate an impact on rats with the disease. IL-1β analysis did not detect any measurable values in the samples in either group.

Discussion

These findings indicate that the applied exercise protocol was not sufficient to attenuate the progression of periodontal disease. This study did not find an effective impact of physical exercise on the analyzed parameters; however, the results are important in highlighting that the experimental animal model for inducing periodontal disease is efficient, which may encourage further investigations to determine factors that can attenuate its progression. Similarly, the application or development of new exercise protocols that can benefit and enrich the discussion on its positive effects in this disease is important, as there is already evidence suggesting an effective relationship between exercise and disease progression.
Inflammation—The new treatment target for ischaemic stroke prevention
Authors: Gorey Sarah , McCabe John J. , Kelly Peter J.
Published: October 2023

Recurrent vascular events after stroke are common despite contemporary therapies and there is an unmet clinical need for improved secondary prevention. Inflammation is a probable causal factor in first and recurrent stroke and is a promising therapeutic target. Blood biomarkers of inflammation may also improve risk stratification and patient selection for intensive prevention therapies. We review the pathogenic role of inflammation in stroke and atherosclerosis, examining data from observational and genetic studies as well as randomized controlled trials of anti-inflammatory agents in stroke and cardiac disease. We discuss the potential applications for inflammatory biomarkers in stroke care and evaluate some of the uncertainties and controversies in this field.