bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Moral foundations messaging to improve vaccine attitudes: An online randomized experiment from Argentina
Authors: Winters Maike , Christie Sarah , Melchinger Hannah , Arias Nahuel , Lirman Luciana , Thomson Angus , Omer Saad B.
Published: November 2024

The uptake of routine childhood vaccinations has declined globally since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, due in part to increased vaccine hesitancy among parents. The Moral Foundations Theory proposes six foundations which can be targeted to increase vaccine uptake. In this study, we tested whether a post by UNICEF with a purity violation message could affect vaccine attitudes among parents in Argentina, where routine immunization coverage has been declining since 2014. Using an online randomized controlled survey experiment, we included 1,511 parents with a child under 12 years in Argentina. Outcomes were measured on the Vaccine Trust Indicator (VTI). We found that the purity violation message significantly affected vaccine attitudes: 80% of the intervention group scored high on the Vaccine Trust Indicator, compared to 73% in the control group (coefficient: 0.33, 95% Confidence Interval 0.20–0.47). Vaccine messaging framed as a purity violation is a promising way to improve vaccine attitudes among parents.
Uptake and acceptability of oral HIV self-testing in the context of assisted partner services in Western Kenya: A mixed-methods analysis
Authors: Mudhune Victor , Roy Paladhi Unmesha , Owuor Mercy , Ngure Kenneth , Katz David A. , Otieno George , Sharma Monisha , Masyuko Sarah , Kariithi Edward , Farquhar Carey , Bosire Rose
Published: November 2024

Integrating HIV self-testing (HIVST) into assisted partner services (APS) has potential to increase identification of people with HIV in the community, but little is known about acceptability of HIVST among partners traced via APS. We assessed characteristics of APS partners testing with HIVST, and factors influencing HIVST uptake and acceptability in a cluster-randomized control trial on APS+HIVST. Using convergent parallel mixed-methods design, we evaluated socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics of APS partners who were offered HIVST or provider-delivered testing, and purposively selected a sub-set of partners for in-depth interviews (IDIs). Descriptive and log-binomial regression analyses were performed controlling for health facility clusters, while IDIs were thematically analyzed applying the theoretical framework of acceptability. Among 3312 partners who were offered HIVST or provider-administered testing through APS, 2724 (82.2%) used HIVST. There was no association between partner demographics and HIVST uptake. HIVST use was less likely than provider-delivered testing among those identified as a casual (adjusted relative risk (aRR) = 0.93; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.88–0.98) or transactional (aRR = 0.90; 95% CI 0.87–0.94) partner compared to those in a defined relationship. HIVST use was slightly lower among those offered the option of an additional kit when compared to those only offered one kit (aRR = 0.93; 95% CI 0.88–0.98). In the IDIs (N = 24), partners reported that HIVST was a viable option for individuals who do not find provider-delivered testing suitable or convenient. For the APS partners, ‘intervention coherence’, ‘self-efficacy’, and ‘ethicality’ presented as most significant theoretical framework of acceptability constructs. APS providers played a critical role in creating HIVST awareness and driving acceptability. Increasing HIVST awareness and providing tailored solutions will empower APS clients optimize their HIV testing decisions. Providers should consider context of the partner’s sexual encounter and extend counselling support when recommending HIVST within APS.
Realist assessment of fidelity during the implementation of the PARTNERS collaborative care intervention for people with diagnoses of severe mental illness within a cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hobson-Merrett Charley , Frost Julia , Gwernan-Jones Ruth , Pinfold Vanessa , Clark Michael , El Naggar Shamiaa , Gask Linda , Gibbons Bliss , Gibson John , Reilly Siobhan T. , Richards Debra , Saunders Angela , Smith Debs , Byng Richard
Published: November 2024

Many with severe mental illnesses are underserved by disjointed service provision. PARTNERS aims to address this via collaborative care with recovery-based coaching. PARTNERS was evaluated in a randomised controlled trial. Understanding how intervention delivery compared to the model, why this was, and under what circumstances, aids interpretation of trial results and optimisation of future implementation. This paper reports the results of a Realist assessment of fidelity, exploring delivery compared to model and refining programme theory. Practitioners, service users, supervisors, primary care representatives, and researchers (n = 39) were interviewed. Additional data included session recordings, follow up interviews, practitioner reflective logs, supervision logs, contact data, service user surveys, and meeting minutes. A framework analysis with evaluative coding was used to assess the extent to which delivery matched the Realist initial programme theory, and how, why and under what circumstances this was the case. Retroductive analysis was used to refine the programme theory. Delivery was good, but varied by practitioner and over time. Delivery improved over time, as practitioner understanding of the intervention increased. Refinements to the programme theory include training leading to practitioners forming collaborative relationships with service users most of the time, but unidentified contextual factors causing variation in consistency. Whether training led to practitioners liaising across different bodies was dependant on the contextual factors of existing relationship skills and previous connections. System-level difficulties in providing consistent supervision made it difficult to assess the impact of this mechanism on delivery. Variation in delivering means caution should be applied when interpreting trial results. Implementation of practitioner-level change without implementing system-level change limits the ability to fully implement the model and to draw conclusions as to effectiveness. Current changes to NHS community mental health care may make this more achievable. Further research is needed to understand the role of supervision and optimal training.

Trial registration: This is the realist process evaluation of the cluster randomised controlled trial ISRCTN95702682.

REC approval: West Midlands–Edgbaston Research Committee 29/06/2017, ref: 14/WM/0052 (trial registration number ISRCTN95702682).
Half of Atlantic reef-building corals at elevated risk of extinction due to climate change and other threats
Authors: Gutierrez Luis , Polidoro Beth , Obura David , Cabada-Blanco Francoise , Linardich Christi , Pettersson Emma , Pearce-Kelly Paul , Kemppinen Krista , Alvarado Juan Jose , Alvarez-Filip Lorenzo , Banaszak Anastazia , Casado de Amezua Pilar , Crabbe James , Croquer Aldo , Feingold Joshua , Goergen Elizabeth , Goffredo Stefano , Hoeksema Bert , Huang Danwei , Kennedy Emma , Kersting Diego , Kitahara Marcelo , Kružić Petar , Miller Margaret , Nunes Flavia , Quimbayo Juan Pablo , Rivera-Sosa Andrea , Rodríguez-Martínez Rosa , Santodomingo Nadia , Sweet Michael , Vermeij Mark , Villamizar Estrella , Aeby Greta , Alliji Khatija , Bayley Daniel , Couce Elena , Cowburn Benjamin , Nuñez Lendo C. Isabel , Porter Sean , Samimi-Namin Kaveh , Shlesinger Tom , Wilson Bryan
Published: November 2024

Atlantic reef-building corals and coral reefs continue to experience extensive decline due to increased stressors related to climate change, disease, pollution, and numerous anthropogenic threats. To understand the impact of ocean warming and reef loss on the estimated extinction risk of shallow water Atlantic reef-building scleractinians and milleporids, all 85 valid species were reassessed under the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, updating the previous Red List assessment of Atlantic corals published in 2008. For the present assessment, individual species declines were estimated based on the modeled coral cover loss (1989–2019) and projected onset of annual severe bleaching events (2020–2050) across the Atlantic. Species traits were used to scale species’ relative vulnerability to the modeled cover declines and forecasted bleaching events. The updated assessments place 45.88%–54.12% of Atlantic shallow water corals at an elevated extinction risk compared to the previous assessments conducted in 2008 (15.19%–40.51%). However, coral cover loss estimates indicate an improvement in reef coverage compared to the historic time-series used for the 2008 assessments. Based on this, we infer that, although remaining dangerously high, the rate of Atlantic reef coral cover decline has surprisingly slowed in recent decades. However, based on modeled projections of sea-surface temperature that predict the onset of annual severe bleaching events within the next 30 years, we listed 26 (out of 85) species as Critically Endangered in the IUCN Red List. Each of these species had previously been listed under a lower threatened category and this result alone highlights the severe threat future bleaching events pose to coral survival and the reef ecosystems they support.
Comparative safety and effectiveness of oral anticoagulants in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and high risk of gastrointestinal bleeding: A nationwide French cohort study
Authors: Lip Gregory Y. H. , Benamouzig Robert , Martin Anne-Céline , Pesce Giancarlo , Gusto Gaelle , Quignot Nadia , Khachatryan Artak , Dai Feng , Sedjelmaci Fouad , Chaves Jose , Subash Rupesh , Mokgokong Ruth
Published: November 2024

Background

This observational study compared effectiveness and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs; apixaban, rivaroxaban, dabigatran) or vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) at high risk for gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB).

Methods

Anticoagulant-naïve adults with NVAF with ≥1 GIB risk factor, initiating anticoagulant treatment January 2016–December 2019, and covered by the French national health data system were eligible. Outcomes included major bleeding (MB) and stroke/systemic embolism (SE). Patient characteristics were balanced using propensity score matching.

Results

A total of 314,184 patients were identified with 162,150 (51.5%) in the apixaban cohort, 88,427 (28.1%) in the rivaroxaban cohort, 16,465 (5.2%) in the dabigatran cohort, and 47,142 (15.0%) in the VKA cohort (mean age 79.0 years, standard deviation 10.5; 51.0% female). A total of 45,124 apixaban-VKAs, 38,737 rivaroxaban-VKAs, 16,415 dabigatran-VKAs, 88,414 apixaban-rivaroxaban, 16,464 apixaban-dabigatran, and 16,459 rivaroxaban-dabigatran pairs were retained after propensity score matching. Apixaban had lower risk of MB versus dabigatran (hazard ratio [HR], 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.63–0.83) and rivaroxaban (HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.59–0.66). Apixaban had lower risk of GIB versus dabigatran (HR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.37–0.56) and rivaroxaban (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.49–0.59). Risk of GIB was similar with dabigatran versus rivaroxaban (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.89–1.24). Apixaban had lower risk of stroke/SE versus rivaroxaban (HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.84–0.96), while risk was similar versus dabigatran (HR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.9–1.3). All DOACs had lower risk of MB and stroke/SE versus VKAs (p<0.001 for all).

Conclusions

DOACs had improved safety and effectiveness from bleeding and stroke/SE, respectively, versus VKAs among patients with NVAF at high risk for GIB. Apixaban was associated with lower MB and GIB risk versus other DOACs. For stroke/SE, apixaban was associated with reduced risk versus rivaroxaban and similar risk versus dabigatran.
Integrative omics analysis identifies biomarkers of septic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Cai Kexin , Luo Yuqing , Chen Hongyin , Dong Yanfang , Su Yunyun , Lin Chen , Cai Chuanqi , Shi Yikbin , Lin Siming , Lian Guili , Lin Zhihong , Feng Shaodan
Published: November 2024

Septic Cardiomyopathy (SCM) is a syndrome of acute cardiac dysfunction in septic patients, unrelated to cardiac ischemia. Multiomics studies including transcriptomics and proteomics have provided new insights into the mechanisms of SCM. In here, a rat model of SCM was established by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Biomarkers of SCM were characterized via a multi-omics analysis. The differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs predominantly appeared in pathways linked to the immune response, inflammatory response, and the complement and coagulation cascades, while DE proteins were mainly enriched in pathways associated with the complement and coagulation cascades. On this basis, the integrated analysis was performed between transcriptome and proteome. The potential biomarkers were further verified by RT-qPCR and WB. The current proteotranscriptomic research has furnished a valuable dataset and fresh perspectives that will enhance our comprehension of the development of SCM. This, in turn, is expected to expedite the formulation of novel approaches for the prevention and management of SCM in patients.
Exploration of a miRNA-mRNA network shared between acute pancreatitis and Epstein-Barr virus infection by integrated bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Wei Xing , Weng Zhen , Xu Xia , Yao Jian
Published: November 2024

Acute pancreatitis (AP) stands out as a primary cause of hospitalization within gastrointestinal ailments, attributed to diverse factors, including Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Nevertheless, the common miRNAs and genes shared between AP and EBV infection remain unclear. In the present study, four datasets GSE194331, GSE42455, GSE45918 and GSE109220 were selected and downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differential expression analysis was performed to screen for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs). Target genes of overlapping DEMs were predicted, and intersections with overlapping DEGs were used to construct a miRNA-mRNA network. In addition, the enrichment analysis, drug prediction, diagnostic accuracy assessment, competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network construction, transcription factor (TF)-miRNA-mRNA network construction, and immune cell infiltration analysis were also carried out. We found a total of 111 genes and 8 miRNAs shared between AP and EBV infection. A miRNA-mRNA network was constructed, which comprised 5 miRNAs and 10 genes exhibiting robust diagnostic performance. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor was identified as a novel therapeutic intervention from drug prediction analysis. The results of immune cell infiltration analysis revealed that a consistent and significant difference could be found on activated B cell in AP and EBV-infected individuals in comparison to the controls. Taken together, our work, for the first time, revealed a miRNA-mRNA network shared between AP and EBV infection, thereby enriching a deeper comprehension of the intricate molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets entwined in these two pathological conditions.
Comparison of the antibiotic resistance mechanisms in a gram-positive and a gram-negative bacterium by gene networks analysis
Authors: Davati Nafiseh , Ghorbani Abozar
Published: November 2024

Nowadays, the emergence of some microbial species resistant to antibiotics, both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, is due to changes in molecular activities, biological processes and their cellular structure in order to survive. The aim of the gene network analysis for the drug-resistant Enterococcus faecium as gram-positive and Salmonella Typhimurium as gram-negative bacteria was to gain insights into the important interactions between hub genes involved in key molecular pathways associated with cellular adaptations and the comparison of survival mechanisms of these two bacteria exposed to ciprofloxacin. To identify the gene clusters and hub genes, the gene networks in drug-resistant E. faecium and S. Typhimurium were analyzed using Cytoscape. Subsequently, the putative regulatory elements were found by examining the promoter regions of the hub genes and their gene ontology (GO) was determined. In addition, the interaction between milRNAs and up-regulated genes was predicted. RcsC and D920_01853 have been identified as the most important of the hub genes in S. Typhimurium and E. faecium, respectively. The enrichment analysis of hub genes revealed the importance of efflux pumps, and different enzymatic and binding activities in both bacteria. However, E. faecium specifically increases phospholipid biosynthesis and isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthesis, whereas S. Typhimurium focuses on phosphorelay signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, and protein autophosphorylation. The similarities in the GO findings of the promoters suggest common pathways for survival and basic physiological functions of both bacteria, including peptidoglycan production, glucose transport and cellular homeostasis. The genes with the most interactions with milRNAs include dpiB, rcsC and kdpD in S. Typhimurium and EFAU004_01228, EFAU004_02016 and EFAU004_00870 in E. faecium, respectively. The results showed that gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria have different mechanisms to survive under antibiotic stress. By deciphering their intricate adaptations, we can develop more effective therapeutic approaches and combat the challenges posed by multidrug-resistant bacteria.
Preliminary report: Reduced hand sensory and motor function in persons living with heart failure
Authors: Hibino Hidetaka , Gorniak Stacey L.
Published: November 2024

Despite the growing evidence highlighting reduced functional independence in persons living with heart failure (PwHF), the underlying mechanisms that lead to reduced functional independence in this patient population are unknown. Given the association between functional independence and fine motor skills, which are functionally related to hand sensory and motor functions, we hypothesized that PwHF exhibit reduced sensory and motor function of hands compared to healthy individuals. We recruited a total of 10 PwHF (age: 57.6 ± 12.5 years old, four females) and a total of age- & sex-matched healthy control individuals (age: 58.2 ± 12.2 years old, four females). Participants performed a wide range of tests assessing the level of independence, fitness, cognitive function, and hand sensorimotor function. While the level of independence was comparable between two groups, PwHF exhibited reduced sensory and motor function. Compared to healthy participants, the ability to identify an object via tactile and proprioceptive inputs was reduced in PwHF, though the tactile mechanoreceptor function showed normal integrity. Similarly, PwHF exhibited a decline in manipulating small objects and steady grip force production. Heart failure seems to have repercussions that extend to the sensorimotor control of hand actions in advance to a decline in functional independence. These results underscore the need of further investigation as to the underlying mechanisms of reduced sensorimotor function, potential intervention targets, and determine whether assessments of hand sensorimotor function can serve as a vehicle to quantify restoration of self-care functionality.
Vitamin D concentration in maternal serum during pregnancy: Assessment in Hokkaido in adjunct study of the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS)
Authors: Nakanishi Ko , Mutoh Mami , Itoh Sachiko , Kobayashi Sumitaka , Yamaguchi Takeshi , Iwata Hiroyoshi , Tamura Naomi , Koishi Momoko , Kasai Machiko , Kikuchi Emi , Yasuura Nanae , Kishi Reiko , Sato Yoshiaki
Published: November 2024

Background

Vitamin D is an essential nutrient for maintaining blood calcium and phosphorus levels and controlling bone density. Deficiency in it leads to rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis, and various other diseases. Recently, it has gained attention for reportedly reducing the risk of COVID-19 severity. However, there are no reports evaluating pregnant women in the Hokkaido region of Japan. This study aims to elucidate the current status of vitamin D levels in pregnant women in the Hokkaido region.

Methods

This study measured the serum concentrations of Vitamin D2 and D3 in 206 pregnant women participating in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study-Hokkaido sub-cohort at the Hokkaido Regional Center. It analyzed the relationship between these concentrations and the months, seasons, and sunshine hours.

Results

The mean maternal age was 31.7 ± 4.7 years, and the mean prepregnancy BMI was 21.0 ± 2.5 kg/m2. Only two women have given birth at least once. Regarding sunscreen use, 65 participants (31.6%) responded “often” or “sometimes.” Five women used the supplement containing Vitamin D. The value of 25(OH)D2 was above 1 ng/ml in four of them. The average 25(OH)D3 level was 12.1 ng/ml, with a median of 11.0 ng/ml. Four participants (1.9%) had levels below 5 ng/ml. The highest median of 25(OH)D3 was in July, and the lowest was in April. The concentration of 25(OH)D3 was significantly higher in summer than in winter. A correlation was found between 25(OH)D3 and sunshine hours, with 25(OH)D3 concentrations gradually increasing as sunshine hours increase.

Conclusion

It was found that almost all pregnant women in Hokkaido were deficient in vitamin D. It is necessary to implement measures to enhance vitamin D levels in pregnant women to safeguard the health of women and fetuses in Hokkaido.
Sex prediction through machine learning utilizing mandibular condyles, coronoid processes, and sigmoid notches features
Authors: Basso Isabela Bittencourt , de Jesus Freitas Pedro Felipe , Ferraz Aline Xavier , Borkovski Ana Julia , Borkovski Ana Laura , Santos Rosane Sampaio , Rached Rodrigo Nunes , Küchler Erika Calvano , Schroder Angela Graciela Deliga , de Araujo Cristiano Miranda , Guariza-Filho Odilon
Published: November 2024

Characteristics of the mandible structures have been relevant in anthropological and forensic studies for sex prediction. This study aims to evaluate the coronoid process, condyle, and sigmoid notch patterns in sex prediction through supervised machine learning algorithms. Cephalometric radiographs from 410 dental records of patients were screened to investigate the morphology of the coronoid process, condyle, and sigmoid notch and the Co-Gn distance. The following machine learning algorithms were used to build the predictive models: Decision Tree, Gradient Boosting Classifier, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Logistic Regression, Multilayer Perceptron Classifier, Random Forest Classifier, and Support Vector Machine (SVM). A 5-fold cross-validation approach was adopted to validate each model. Metrics such as area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, recall, precision, and F1 Score were calculated for each model, and ROC curves were constructed. All tested variables demonstrated statistical significance (p < 0.10) and were included in the construction of the predictive model. The Co-Gn variable stood out as the most important among the evaluated independent variables, showing greater relevance in three of the four algorithms used in assessing feature importance. In the analysis of the models’ performance, the AUC ranged from 0.82 [95% CI = 0.72–0.93] to 0.66 [95% CI = 0.53–0.76] for the test data, and from 0.83 [95% CI = 0.80–0.87] to 0.71 [95% CI = 0.61–0.75] for cross-validation. The precision of the models ranged from 0.83 [95% CI = 0.75–0.91] to 0.68 [95% CI = 0.58–0.78] in the test phase, and from 0.78 [95% CI = 0.74–0.82] to 0.69 [95% CI = 0.65–0.75] in cross-validation. The SVM, KNN, and Gradient Boosting Classifier algorithms stood out with the highest AUC and precision values in both cross-validation and testing. The use of condyle, coronoid process, and sigmoid notch characteristics, in combination with supervised machine learning predictive models, shows potential for contributing to sex prediction based on morphometric bone characteristics, particularly regarding the distance between the condyle and gnathion. However, given the study’s limitations, these findings should be interpreted with caution.
Measuring qualities needed for interdisciplinary work: The Intellectual Virtues for Interdisciplinary Research Scale (IVIRS)
Authors: Vanney Claudia E. , Mesurado Belén , Aguinalde Sáenz J. Ignacio
Published: November 2024

Previous work has suggested that the problems hindering the success of interdisciplinarity could be overcome by fostering certain intellectual character strengths in scholars. However, how to assess and cultivate the specific virtues required for interdisciplinarity among researchers is still a matter of inquiry. The general objective of this paper was to develop a psychometric instrument to assess intellectual virtues that are essential for interdisciplinary inquiry among researchers. To achieve this goal, two studies were conducted. Study 1 developed a new scale and studied its correlation with other validated measures. Study 2 focused on conducting a confirmatory analysis of the structure obtained in Study 1 and investigated the relationships between the new scale and the researchers’ levels of (i) experience and productivity in interdisciplinary collaboration and (ii) satisfaction regarding the results of their interdisciplinary inquiry. The EFA conducted for Study 1 identified four dimensions: (1) intellectual empathy, (2) open-mindedness and intellectual humility, (3) intellectual perseverance, and (4) curiosity. Indeed, the pools of items that were initially developed to measure intellectual humility and open-mindedness in a separate way converged into a unique factor or dimension. The confirmatory factor analysis conducted for Study 2 corroborated the four-dimensional structure observed in Study 1 via a new different sample. In addition, Studies 1 and 2 also analyzed convergent validity through the AVE and correlated the IVIRS with other scales that measure intellectual virtues (open-mindedness, curiosity, intellectual humility, and perseverance) in a general epistemic context. The second study demonstrated that researchers with significant experience, productivity, and satisfaction in the context of interdisciplinary investigation also presented elevated levels of the intellectual virtues that we identified as essential for such research. Our analysis demonstrates that the IVIRS is a valid measure of the intellectual virtues needed for interdisciplinarity and paves the way for the future design of interventions to cultivate these character traits in scholars.
Potential consequences of phototoxicity on cell function during live imaging of intestinal organoids
Authors: Yokoi Yuki , Nakamura Ryu , Ohira Shuya , Takemi Shota , Ayabe Tokiyoshi , Nakamura Kiminori
Published: November 2024

Live imaging visualizes the structure, dynamics, and function of cells and tissues to reveal the molecular mechanisms, and has contributed to the advancement of life science. In live imaging, it has been well known that there is a trade-off between higher-resolution analysis and cell damage caused by light illumination, i.e., phototoxicity. However, despite the risk of unknowingly distorting experimental results, phototoxicity is an unresolved issue in live imaging because overall consequences occurring inside cells due to phototoxicity remains unknown. Here, we determined the molecular process of phototoxicity-induced cell damage systematically under low- and high-dose light illumination conditions by analyzing differential gene expression using RNA-sequencing in a three-dimensional organoid of small intestinal epithelial cells, enteroid. The low-dose light illumination already induced various abnormalities in functional molecules involved in the response to reactive oxygen species generated by the excitation of fluorescent dyes, intracellular metabolism, mitosis, immune responses, etc., at mRNA expression level. Together with the behavior toward apoptosis caused by high-dose light illumination, the light dose-dependent progression of intracellular damage was revealed. About visible impairment of intestinal epithelial function, failures in both the structure-forming ability of enteroids and Paneth cell granule secretion were observed under high-dose light illumination, while the drug efflux was not disturbed despite abnormal drug efflux transporter mRNA expression. Based on the gene expression profiles, we comprehensively clarified phenomena in the cells at mRNA level that cannot be recognized both morphologically and functionally during live imaging, further providing a new insight into the risk of phototoxicity. This study warns from the aspect of mRNA expression that awareness of phototoxic artifacts is needed when analyzing cellular function and the mechanism in live imaging.
Evaluation on spatiotemporal consistency between solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence and vegetation indices in grassland ecosystems
Authors: Yu Longlong , Liu Zhihao , Li Yangkai
Published: November 2024

Monitoring grassland productivity dynamics is essential for understanding the impacts of climate variation and human activities. Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) has been validated as an effective indicator of gross primary productivity. Satellite-derived vegetation indices (VIs) have long been used as key proxies for vegetation productivity. However, the ability of different VIs to represent grassland productivity in relation to SIF, as well as their spatiotemporal consistency with SIF at various scales, remains unclear. In this study, we systematically compared the performance of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), and the Near-Infrared Reflectance of Vegetation (NIRv), using SIF as a benchmark in grassland areas of China. Utilizing TROPOMI SIF and MODIS VI datasets from 2018 to 2021, we analyzed the spatial and temporal consistency between VIs and SIF at a monthly scale and 0.05-degree resolution, employing Pearson correlation coefficients, paired-sample t-tests, and two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results indicate that NIRv consistently demonstrates a higher capacity to capture variations in SIF compared to EVI and NDVI. In low-elevation areas with high-productivity grasslands, all three vegetation indices exhibit a stronger ability to represent vegetation productivity than in high-elevation areas with low-productivity vegetation types. These findings suggest that, at a monthly and regional spatiotemporal scale, NIRv can serve as a robust complement to SIF in monitoring vegetation productivity dynamics, particularly given the challenges in acquiring high-quality, long-term SIF data.
Field survey for assessing seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) applications on very small islands in Indonesia
Authors: Savitri Amanatullah , Souma Kazuyoshi , Ishidaira Hiroshi , Magome Jun
Published: November 2024

Very small islands in Indonesia face challenges in accessing clean water due to limited space for building water resource facilities, such as reservoirs. Most of the time, the inhabitants of these islands rely on rainwater and wells, which are not sustainable sources due to drought seasons and seawater intrusion. To address this issue, Seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) can be implemented in these areas where seawater is abundant. However, there may be obstacles when applying SWRO systems in such environments. This study aimed to assess the capabilities of SWRO facilities, and the obstacles involved in evaluating clean water access on very small islands. We used a combination of structured questionnaires, interviews, and direct observations on two small islands in Indonesia, Belakang Padang Island and Labu Island. On Belakang Padang Island, we interviewed the water resource manager in October 2022 and March 2023 and surveyed 61 households in the Tanjung Sari subdistrict in October 2022. On Labu Island, we interviewed the staff of the SWRO system and surveyed 35 coastal households in September 2023. On both islands, the government improved residents’ access to clean water by constructing SWRO facilities in 2016 on Belakang Padang Island and in 2021 on Labu Island. However, on Belakang Padang Island, the system was not operational when we visited on March 15, 2023. The main obstacles were slow bureaucratic processes for repairs and maintaining the operation of SWRO facilities. These problems need to be addressed before expanding the implementation of this system to other very small islands in Indonesia.
ChatGPT irakurketa errazeko testuak egokitzeko baliagarria eta fidagarria?
Authors: Madina Margot , Gonzalez-Dios Itziar , Siegel Melanie
Published: November 2024

Irakurketa errazaren helburua da arazo kognitiboak edo ikasteko zailtasunak dituzten irakurleentzat testuak eta edukiak irisgarriagoak sortzea, eta, horretarako, hizkuntza sinplea eta argia erabiltzen da. Testuak irakurketa errazera egokitzea prozesu garestia da, bai denbora aldetik baita ekonomia aldetik ere. Prozesu hori azkartzen ChatGPT bezalako tresnek lagun dezakete. Lan honetan, irakurketa erraza zer den azaltzeaz gain, ChatGPT-4k irakurketa errazera egokitzapena nola egiten duen aztertu dugu. Zehazki, gaztelaniazko testuak eta gaztelaniazko  lectura fácil aldaera ditugu aztergai eta hiru ebaluazio egin ditugu: i) neurri linguistiko automatikoetan oinarritutakoa; ii) testuen sinplifikazioko capability-etan oinarritutakoa; eta iii) helburu talde diren erabiltzaileekin egindakoa. Gure emaitzen arabera, oso zaila da testuak ChatGPT-4ri egokiaraziko dion prompt egoki bat aukeratzea, sortu dituen testuak ez dituzte irakurketa errazeko gidalerroak jarraitzen eta askotan ChatGPT-4k sortutako testua ez da egokia helburu taldearentzat.
Cooperación y juegos de poder en las relaciones de servicio
Authors: Bertran i Bruguera Carles
Published: November 2024

El presente trabajo se interesa por las relaciones que se establecen entre servidores y usuarios en una oficina sindical de asesoramiento a trabajadores extranjeros y analiza las vinculaciones existentes, por una parte, entre las prácticas comunicativas de la organización y la construcción del saber profesional de los servidores, y, por otra, las relaciones que se establecen entre servidor y usuario, especialmente en lo relativo a la gestión del poder. El modelo analítico elaborado sitúa la antropología, el trabajo etnográfico en el centro del análisis de las prácticas comunicativas que tienen lugar en los diferentes ámbitos que constituyen nuestra vida cotidiana, pero incorporando las categorías y los recursos metodológicos de diferentes disciplinas que han hecho del uso del lenguaje su objeto de estudio. Así, no se centra únicamente en las interacciones que se dan cara al público y que tienen lugar en el escenario de la organización, sino que plantea un tratamiento global que incorpora las prácticas comunicativas que tienen lugar en los bastidores de la organización. Además, realiza una descripción densa de estas prácticas, que conlleva un análisis empírico detallado de los datos discursivos y una profunda descripción etnográfica del ámbito en el que tienen lugar las interacciones y una descripción del marco legal, institucional e ideológico que justifica su existencia. Esto permite interrelacionar las diferentes dimensiones contextuales de la interacción y realizar un proceso de ida y vuelta de los datos micro a los datos macro y viceversa. La investigación muestra el carácter estructural de la interacción de servicio, definida por fases concretas que determinan las características discursivas de los participantes y que, en el caso de los servidores, conllevan la atribución de unas competencias específicas (técnica, contractual y ritual) que repercuten directamente en la prestación de un buen servicio. Además, muestra la existencia de un modelo asimétrico que está definido por la posición alta de los servidores y la baja de los usuarios. Esta asimetría se ve reconfirmada o matizada durante la interacción. Y por último, la investigación ha puesto de manifiesto la existencia de diferencias en la gestión discursiva por parte de los servidores vinculadas al género, que demuestran una mayor capacidad social e interactiva de las servidoras. En definitiva, esta investigación pone de manifiesto el papel central de la situación, de la interacción entre determinados individuos en un espacio y en un tiempo concreto, en la construcción e interpretación de nuestro entorno cotidiano.
Narrando el conflicto: alumnado de origen inmigrante en un centro escolar de Madrid
Authors: Patiño Santos Adriana
Published: November 2024

¿Cómo narran alumnos y alumnas de origen inmigrante situaciones de conflicto que han experimentado en un centro escolar multicultural de la Comunidad de Madrid?, ¿De qué manera comprenden y explican los alumnos-narradores sus comportamientos de resistencia/confrontación? ¿Qué nos permite el análisis de estas narraciones comprender sobre la situación de fracaso escolar en este centro escolar? Estas preguntas serán respondidas dentro del análisis de relatos cotidianos recogidos en entrevistas a diferentes “peñas”, grupos de iguales que se organizan para resistir el orden de la escuela (Gibson et al, 2004). Este estudio es parte de un trabajo de investigación sobre aulas multiculturales en Madrid siguiendo el marco de la Etnografía, la Sociolingüística y el Análisis del Discurso desde una perspectiva crítica (Martín Rojo, en prensa). De acuerdo con esta perspectiva, las narrativas se entienden como prácticas discursivas/interaccionales co-construídas de manera situada, las cuales reflejan tanto las creencias sociales como las relaciones, a las cuales contribuye a negociar y modificar (Fairclough, 1989; De Fina, 2003a: 369). Ello nos lleva a atender a las formas en las que las narrativas siguen y generan reglas sociales, formas de comprender y elaborar la experiencia, relaciones sociales y roles entre los participantes (tanto del mundo narrado como del de la realidad desde la cual se narra).
The Influence of Leadership Style, Work Motivation, and Compensation on the Performance of MSME Center Employees in Semarang City
Authors: Suheri Kasih Febrina , Raharjo Susilo Toto
Published: November 2024

This study aims to test and analyze the influence of leadership style, work motivation, and compensation on employee performance at the Semarang City MSME Center. This research was motivated by the emergence of employee dissatisfaction during the reorganization. Many factors trigger employee dissatisfaction in carrying out work, including those related to leadership qualities that have not been in line with expectations. In addition, the turmoil that arises comes from leadership that is less capable. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of leadership, work motivation and compensation on job satisfaction of MSME Center employees in Semarang City. The population determined in this study is UMKM Center Semarang. This study involved 75 respondents using census / saturated sample techniques. The instrument used in this study was in the form of a questionnaire and in its measurement in the form of a Likert scale, by testing it using the help of SPSS. Data testing techniques used in this study include validity test with factor analysis, reliability test with Alpha Cronbach. Test classical assumptions and multiple linear regression analysis, to test and prove research hypotheses. The results of this study show that leadership has a positive and insignificant effect on employee performance. Meanwhile, work motivation and compensation have a positive and significant effect on the performance of MSME Center employees in Semarang City.
Mapping coconut plantation in Western Agro-Climatic zone using object-based classification and machine learning technique
Authors: Nithya Segar VP , Ragunath Kaliaperumal , Pazhanivelan S , Kumaraperumal R , Latha Paramanandham
Published: November 2024

Coconut (Cocos nucifera), a key crop for over 10 million farming families in India, is vital in the agricultural economies of southern states like Tamil Nadu. However, traditional methods of monitoring coconut plantations are challenging due to the crop's geographical dispersion and seasonal variations. This study focuses on mapping coconut plantations in the Western Agro-Climatic Zone of Tamil Nadu using Object-Based Classification (OBC) and machine learning techniques. A ten-year time series of Landsat 7 optical satellite data (2012-2013 and 2022-2023) was employed, combined with ground truth surveys across the region. The study utilized Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF) classifiers, with RF demonstrating superior accuracy. The RF classifier achieved an accuracy of 91.7% in 2012-2013 and 90.3% in 2022-2023, outperforming SVM, which hovered around 70%. The research also conducted a change detection analysis, revealing a net increase of 3,270 hectares of coconut plantations over the decade, with the Coimbatore district contributing the most significant growth of 2,560 hectares. This study underscores the effectiveness of integrating OBC and machine learning, mainly RF, for accurate and efficient mapping of coconut plantations using Landsat satellite data.
Advancements in technology-enhanced assessment in tertiary education
Authors: Agostini Daniele , Lazareva Alexandra , Picasso Federica
Published: November 2024

The field of assessment in tertiary education is currently experiencing a significant shift mostly due to the technological advancements. Technology is, in fact, both threatening assessment practices and empowering them when integrated in the assessment process. This special issue discusses the evolution of technology-enhanced assessment in tertiary education focusing on the use of digital resources such as gamification and artificial intelligence to improve learning and evaluation methods. Research findings showcased in this issue delve on the ability of technology-enhanced assessments to promote effective personalised learning experiences while also addressing the ethical dilemmas these innovations bring. The blend of conversations about assessment with AI driven evaluations, immersive simulations and gamified platforms explores the benefits and challenges for teachers and learners alike, not forgetting the importance of sound methodological approaches for both summative and formative assessment. This editorial summarises contributors’ perspectives on how these innovations are changing assessment methods and emphasises the importance of integrating them thoughtfully. At the same time, questions are raised about the evolving role of educators in a technology-driven educational landscape.
Unveiling humour in digital discourse: the pragmatic functions of humorous stickers in Spanish WhatsApp chat groups
Authors: Linares Bernabéu Esther , Alvarado Ortega María Belén
Published: November 2024

This paper presents an analysis of the use of humorous stickers within a WhatsApp chat group. With the rapid growth of digital communication, particularly on mobile devices, WhatsApp has become a popular platform for various forms of interaction, including voice and video calls, as well as text and voice messaging. In this context, humour is a prevalent phenomenon, especially in groups where participants have established familiarity and trust. The prevalence of humour in digital communication is largely attributed to the use of multimodal resources, such as stickers – digital images that can include text and are used to convey emotions, feelings, and humour. The study’s initial hypothesis posits that stickers serve as a means of humour contextualization, helping to emphasize and enhance the intended humour in messages. Additionally, stickers are believed to aid in reducing misunderstandings during communication and mitigating potential threats to the participants’ social image. For this case study, the researchers employed a qualitative approach to analyse conversations within a Spanish WhatsApp group comprising numerous participants, resulting in a corpus comprising 44,362 words and 273 stickers. From this data, they selected 8 humorous conversational sequences that exemplify the primary uses and functions of stickers in this digital context.
DMD mutations in pediatric patients with phenotypes of Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy
Authors: Ge Liping , Yang Yang , Yang Yanfei , Chen Yanfei , Tao Na , Zhang Liping , Zhao Canmiao , Zhang Xing
Published: November 2024

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) are common X-inherited neuromuscular diseases. The genetic diagnosis has been used as the diagnostic choice for DMD/BMD. The study subjects consisted of 37 patients from Southwest China. Peripheral blood was collected for the extraction of genomic DNA. DMD mutation was sequenced using the next-generation sequencing approach. The detected mutation was validated using the multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification or Sanger sequencing methods. Variation annotation and pathogenicity prediction were performed using the online databases. Pathogenic mutations were identified 3 splicing site, 7 single nucleotide, 1 indel, 23 deletion, and 3 duplication mutations. Novel DMD variants were discovered, including two novel splicing variations (c.1890 + 1G>T; c.1923 + 1G>A), one missense mutation (c.1946G>T), one nonsense mutation (c.7441G>T), one indel mutation (INDEL EX20), and one duplication mutation (DUP EX75-78). The current study provides mutation information of DMD for the genetic diagnosis of DMD/BMD.
Synthesis and characterization of gelzan nanocomposite scaffold incorporating Ag/Fe2+ co-doped hydroxyapatite for antibacterial bone tissue regeneration
Authors: Fan Huahua , Yan Pengcheng , Teng Jianxiang , Tian Xiaobin
Published: November 2024

A nanocomposite scaffold was developed using gelzan, a natural extracellular polysaccharide, as the biopolymer matrix. Gelzan (GZ) was combined with Ag/Fe2⁺ co-doped hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles to enhance the scaffold’s biological properties. The aim of incorporating Ag/Fe2⁺ co-doped HAp was to utilize the combined antibacterial and bioactive properties of these components. The synthesized Ag/Fe2⁺ co-doped HAp nanoparticles, along with the gelzan-based nanocomposite scaffold produced via freeze-drying, underwent comprehensive analyses. These included Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and biological assessments for antibacterial activity and bioactivity. The results demonstrated that the Ag/Fe2⁺ co-doped HAp nanocomposite scaffold possessed favourable physicochemical properties. Furthermore, the integration of Ag and Fe2⁺ co-doped HAp into the gelzan matrix was confirmed, revealing the scaffold’s structural and compositional characteristics. Tests of apatite formation in simulated body fluid (SBF) indicated the development of layered apatite precipitates after 7 days. The scaffold also exhibited significant antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones of 7.35 ± 0.70 mm and 5.54 ± 0.60 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively. These findings suggest the scaffold’s promising potential as a biomaterial for bone tissue regeneration.