bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preserved visuospatial abilities in absence of the right hemisphere: A case of cerebral hemiatrophy with minimal cognitive impairment
Authors: Kasselimis Dimitrios S. , Tsolakopoulos Dimitrios , Simos Panagiotis G. , Makryllou Irina , Velonakis Georgios , Politis Antonios M. , Potagas Constantin
Published: March 2022

Cerebral hemiatrophy is a rare neurological condition, usually resulting in severe and diffuse cognitive impairment. In this paper we present a 69‐year old woman with notable congenital hemiatrophy with strikingly preserved cognitive functions. Cognitive assessment indicated that although her executive functions were found impaired, the remaining cognitive domains were relatively unaffected. We argue that this unexpected cognitive profile may be explained by anomalous hemispheric lateralization, driven by neuroplasticity along the developmental course.
Microbotox: A prospective evaluation of dermatological improvement in patients with mild‐to‐moderate acne and erythematotelangiectatic rosacea
Authors: Calvisi Lucia , Diaspro Alberto , Sito Giuseppe
Published: March 2022

Background

Botulin toxin (BTX) is a potent neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, since its approval by FDA in 2002 for cosmetic purpose has been widely used. Recent studies indicate that it exerts its activity on various type of skin cells and can be used in some dermatological disease.

Objective

The aim of the study was to demonstrate how to use a peculiar dilution of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of some dermatological disease like mild‐to‐moderate acne vulgaris and erythematotelangiectatic rosacea.

Material and Methods

50 patients were enrolled, 35 with mild‐to‐moderate acne and 15 with erythematotelangiectatic rosacea. Both group of patients were treated with a specific dilution of Onabotulinum toxin A called Microbotox. Patient images were taken before and 4 weeks after the treatment.

Results

The authors and patients were extremely satisfied with their treatments. There were no immediate or delayed complication in none of both group of patients.

Conclusion

Botulinum toxin shows a great promise either in dermatological disease like mild‐to‐moderate acne vulgaris and erythematotelangiectatic rosacea. Microbotox appears to be a valid, long‐lasting, and a standardized approach to treat these kind of two disease.
Fertility‐sparing surgery for early‐stage cervical cancer: A case series study on the efficacy and feasibility of cervical conization followed by pelvic lymphadenectomy
Authors: Yamamoto Mayuko , Motohara Takeshi , Iwagoi Yutaka , Tayama Shingo , Tashiro Hironori , Kondoh Eiji , Katabuchi Hidetaka
Published: March 2022

Objectives

To evaluate the oncologic and obstetric outcomes of cervical conization followed by pelvic lymphadenectomy, which is used as a fertility‐sparing procedure, in reproductive‐aged patients with early‐stage cervical cancer.

Methods

We performed a retrospective study of patients with stage IA1–IB1 cervical cancer who underwent cervical conization followed by pelvic lymphadenectomy from 2011 to 2020 at Kumamoto University Hospital.

Results

In total, eight patients underwent conization followed by pelvic lymphadenectomy. The median age of the patients was 33 (range: 28–36) years. Four (50.0%) patients were nulliparous. Seven (87.5%) patients were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma (87.5%) and one (12.5%) with adenocarcinoma. Five (62.5%), two (25.0%), and one (12.5%) presented with stage IA1, IA2, and IB1 disease, respectively. Five (62.5%) patients had lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) based on the assessment of specimens obtained via conization. However, none had lymph node metastasis based on pelvic lymphadenectomy. Regarding long‐term oncologic outcomes, recurrence was not observed at a median follow‐up of 60 (range: 8–107) months. In addition, obstetric outcomes were consistently favorable in terms of achieving pregnancy, preterm delivery, and live birth. During the study period, two patients who actively attempted to conceive had four pregnancies, resulting in full‐term deliveries, and one was on her first trimester of pregnancy.

Conclusion

Cervical conization combined with pelvic lymphadenectomy represents a feasible conservative management for histologically well‐selected patients with early‐stage cervical cancer. Furthermore, an optimal histopathological evaluation of conization specimens will contribute to decision‐making regarding the use of this fertility‐sparing procedure.
Difficult maintenance of serum drug concentration in methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus toxic shock syndrome during early puerperium
Authors: Shibata Takashi , Nakago Satoshi , Kato Hiroki , Tokuda Hisato , Hosono Sayoko , Kotsuji Fumikazu
Published: March 2022

Toxic shock syndrome can be caused by methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). During puerperium this condition is rare, and proper treatment during this period has not been clarified. Two patients developed toxic shock syndrome caused by MRSA soon after cesarean section. Despite the administration of antibiotics, both developed severe conditions and one of them required hysterectomy. The dosage was adjusted in the same way as nonpregnancy, but the actual drug concentration was significantly different from expectation. When there is severe infection during the early postpartum period, maintaining drug concentration at optimal levels may be difficult, and this could be life‐threatening. Better understanding of the pharmacokinetics and establishment of a method to determine the optimal drug dose during puerperium is required.
Optimal health insurance
Authors: Phelps Charles E.
Published: March 2022

I formulate expected‐utility‐maximizing models for health insurance with a single optimal coinsurance (C*) and (separately) a single optimal deductible (D*). While so‐doing, I formalize Nyman's challenge to standard welfare‐loss models, clarifying when and by how much this alters unadjusted models. Using MEPS‐calibrated lognormal distributions and incorporating skewness and kurtosis measures of financial risk, I show how C* shifts as various economic parameters change. For reasonable parameter values, C* < 0.1, much lower than variance‐only estimates would conclude. Omitting higher‐order risk parameters importantly understates risk and hence understates optimal insurance coverage. I separately develop methods to determine D*, showing that it is approximately a fixed percentage of income that falls as the distribution of financial risks rise. This finding contrasts with existing US public policy regarding high‐deductible health plans, which employ fixed deductibles, independent of income.
Recess Policy Implementation: Beliefs and Perceptions of Site‐Based Decisions‐Makers
Authors: Brickman Charlene Woodham , Ramstetter Catherine L. , Durham Richard Sean
Published: March 2022

METHODS

Using the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen 1991) as a theoretical framework, this study examined what administrators and teachers at a public elementary school located in a district in Northeast Georgia communicated as to their salient behavioral beliefs (attitude), normative beliefs (subjective norms), and control beliefs (perceived behavioral control) relative to the implementation of the district's written recess policy.

RESULTS

The results of this study demonstrated that teachers new to the field and those certified in early childhood education were more supportive of implementing the practice. The results further demonstrated that more experienced teachers and those certified in elementary education were less supportive.

IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE, AND EQUITY

The findings in this study revealed that obtaining participant buy‐in was critical for the implementation and that targeted professional development would be a suitable vehicle for improving school health for students.

CONCLUSIONS

The most cited reasons for support for the policy were an understanding that an unstructured break was beneficial for students and that participants considered it a non‐negotiable. The most cited reasons for a lack of support included more time needed for academics and a need for expanded behavioral consequences.
Concentration of amikacin sulphate in synovial fluid when given in combination with dexamethasone phosphate in intravenous regional limb perfusion in standing horses
Authors: Gustafsson Kajsa , Tatz Amos J. , Britzi Malka , Dahan Roee , Sutton Gila A. , Kelmer Gal
Published: March 2022

Eight horses underwent IVRLP at two occasions through a 23‐gauge 2 cm long butterfly catheter. Regional anaesthesia of the ulnar, median and medial cutaneous antebrachial nerves was performed prior, and an 8 cm rubber tourniquet was placed on the proximal radius for 30 minutes following the infusion. The first infusion consisted of 2 g of amikacin sulphate and 10 mg of dexamethasone phosphate diluted with 0.9% NaCl to a total volume of 100 ml. The second perfusion was performed after a 2‐week washout period, the same protocol was used but without dexamethasone phosphate. Synovial fluid samples were collected from the metacarpophalangeal joint at T = 0, 0.5, 2, 12, 24 and 36 h post‐infusion. Synovial fluid amikacin sulphate concentrations were determined by use of liquid chromatography/tandem mass‐spectrometry. All horses (n = 8) remained healthy throughout the study, and no adverse effects associated with the study were encountered. No statistically significant differences were found in synovial fluid amikacin sulphate concentrations between the treatment and the control group at any of the time points. In conclusion, dexamethasone phosphate can be used in IVRLP concomitantly with amikacin sulphate in cases of distal limb inflammation and pain without decreasing the synovial fluid concentration of amikacin sulphate.
The ability of Pichia kudriavzevii to tolerate multiple stresses makes it promising for developing improved bioethanol production processes
Authors: Pongcharoen Pongsanat
Published: March 2022

Thermotolerant ethanol fermenting yeasts have been extensively used in industrial bioethanol production. However, little is known about yeast physiology under stress during bioethanol processing. This study investigated the physiological characteristics of the thermotolerant yeast Pichia kudriavzevii, strains NUNS-4, NUNS-5 and NUNS-6, under the multiple stresses of heat, ethanol and sodium chloride. Results showed that NUNS-4, NUNS-5 and NUNS-6 displayed higher growth rates under each stress condition than the reference strain, Saccharomyces cerevisiae TISTR5606. Maximum specific growth rates under stresses of heat (45°C), 15% v/v ethanol and 1·0 M sodium chloride were 0·23 ± 0·04 (NUNS-4), 0·11 ± 0·01 (NUNS-5) and 0·15 ± 0·01 h–1 (NUNS-5), respectively. Morphological features of all yeast studied changed distinctly with the production of granules and vacuoles when exposed to ethanol, and cells were elongated under increased sodium chloride concentration. This study suggests that the three P. kudriavzevii strains are potential candidates to use in industrial–scale fermentation due to a high specific growth rate under multiple stress conditions. Multiple stress-tolerant P. kudriavzevii NUNS strains have received much attention not only for improving large-scale fuel ethanol production, but also for utilizing these strains in other biotechnological industries.
Modeling population trajectory and probability of decline in northern Hudson Bay narwhals (Monodon monoceros)
Authors: Biddlecombe Brooke A. , Watt Cortney A.
Published: March 2022

Narwhals (Monodon monoceros) are an important subsistence harvest species for Inuit communities and their conservation is important for Inuit culture and ecosystem function. The northern Hudson Bay (NHB) narwhal population, which spends summer in northern Hudson Bay, Canada, has been assessed through periodic aerial surveys from 1981 to 2018. To estimate the population trajectory and predict future population trends under various harvest scenarios, a Bayesian population model was fit to four aerial survey estimates and harvest data from 1951 to 2018. The model resulted in a 2019 population estimate of ~14,400, 95% CI [10,300, 20,400] and an estimated starting population of 7,200, 95% CI [1,400, 19,000] in 1951. The model was extended 10 years into the future under three annual harvest scenarios (current harvest: 157, low harvest: 50, and high harvest: 300) and the probability of population decline was estimated. The model predicted a 6% chance of decline with an annual harvest quota of 50 narwhals, 78% for a harvest of 157, and 95% for a harvest of 300. This updated model provides the opportunity to shape conservation efforts by estimating past population trends and how those trends, combined with management action, can affect future population dynamics.
Sacrificial Skins: The Value of Pakistan’s Eid al‐Azha Animal Hide Collection1
Authors: Mouftah Nermeen
Published: March 2022

In Pakistan, one of the most significant celebrations on the Muslim calendar, Eid al‐ Azha (Feast of the Sacrifice), is marked by two major rituals. At the center of the festival is the animal slaughter remembering the prophet Abraham's willingness to sacrifice his son. The second, dating to Pakistan's earliest days as a nation, is the collection of animal hides from the sacrifice. NGOs, political parties, and madrasas annually compete to collect and auction the sacrificial skins. This paper examines how Alkhidmat Foundation–the social welfare branch of the Islamist party Jama'at‐e‐Islami–invests in a risky fundraising ritual that animates the value of sacrifice in their humanitarian work. While historically the auction of animal hides has been lucrative, over the last decade, the income has come under threat due to the rise of synthetic leathers on the global market, inflation, and climate change, which have left Pakistan's leather commodity in peril and, with it, the fate of a major source of income for the country's social services. Pakistan's skins collection offers insight into a fundraising practice that instantiates sacrifice writ large: of time, safety, and resources, and sometimes, of intimate relations. Sacrifice is the motivating value that underpins dedication to the annual hide collection and articulates Alkhidmat's humanitarianism through the human capability of sacrifice.
Crowdfunding Nayā Pakistan: Development, Nationalism, and the Diamer‐Bhasha Dam*
Authors: Tareen Salwa
Published: March 2022

On July 4, 2018, then–Chief Justice of Pakistan, Mian Saqib Nisar, announced an unprecedented campaign to crowdfund the Rs. 1.9 trillion ($12.4 billion USD) needed to revive construction of the Diamer–Bhasha and Mohmand dams. Encouraged to contribute as a form of ṣadaqa (voluntary charity), donations from Pakistanis at home and abroad peaked at Rs. 12.9 billion ($80.4 million USD), despite widespread criticisms questioning the fund's motives and feasibility. Drawing on the developmental logic of dams and calls for a Nayā Pakistan (New Pakistan), the dam fund transformed Diamer–Bhasha into a popular symbol of a modern, prosperous, and pious nation. This paper explores the aspirations and limitations of these claims by tracing the historical, political, and affective discourses that inform the campaign. In order to contextualize the emergence of the dam fund, I argue that the broader developmental and humanitarian significance of the campaign should also be understood in relation to the statist frame of Pakistani Muslim nationalism. Above all, I seek to understand how the dam fund simultaneously presents Pakistanis as vulnerable to extinction, yet capable of their own rescue. I ask: what happens when the nation itself imagines itself as both the giver and recipient of charity?
A Praxis Gap: A Review of Practitioner Research on Female Genital Cutting/Mutilation (FGC/M) in Muslim Context
Authors: Barzegar Abbas
Published: March 2022

This essay explores the problem of the “praxis gap,” which can be understood as the epistemological space between academic and practitioner discourses engaged in the study and practice of issues along the aid and development spectrum. It does so by discussing the

way practitioners approach the topic of Islam and Muslim practices vis‐à‐vis the problem of Female Genital Cutting or Mutilation (FGC/M) and in light of the geopolitical context surrounding gender, development, and Islam. Through a review of practitioner‐oriented studies, the essay demonstrates that the praxis gap–between scholars of religion and Muslim society on the one hand and aid/development practitioners on the other–generates significant problems in the study and practice of aid/development in Muslim contexts. After this analysis, the essay closes by arguing that the patterns and paradigms governing the production of knowledge surrounding the aid/development in Muslim societies are closely related to similar problems of mistranslation found across the subject of

religion and development more broadly.
Prevalence and factors associated with compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction, burnout in health professionals
Authors: Kartsonaki Maria George , Georgopoulos Dimitris , Kondili Eumorfia , Nieri Alexandra Stavroula , Alevizaki Afroditi , Nyktari Vasileia , Papaioannou Alexandra
Published: March 2022

Background

Constant exposure of health professionals to the pain and suffering of patients can adversely affect their emotional wellbeing.

Aim

The study aimed to investigate the prevalence and the factors affecting the levels of secondary traumatic stress/compassion fatigue (STS/CF), burnout (BO) and compassion satisfaction (CS) of health professionals working in adult and paediatric Intensive Care Units (ICU) as well as in departments treating patients with serious illness in five hospitals in Crete.

Study Design

A descriptive cross‐sectional survey with the use of the Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL‐CSF‐R‐IV) questionnaire.

Methods

We enrolled medical, nursing and support staff working in the adult and paediatric ICU, emergency, oncology, haematology and neurosurgical departments, haemodialysis unit and operating theatre.

Results

598 health professionals completed the questionnaire (response rate 73.2%). Significantly increased levels of STS/CF were observed in non – ICU as compared to ICU staff (p = .009) females compared to males (p < .001), those who have previously experienced a traumatic event (p < .004), nurses and support staff compared to doctors (p = .007 and p = .028 respectively), and people not working in a department by choice (p < .001). CS was higher for older professionals, personnel subjected to stress reduction techniques (p < .019) and professionals working with children or mixed adults and children population (p = .009). Rolling schedule and bad working conditions negatively affected CS (p = .02, p = .001). Increased BO levels were associated with younger age (p = .029) and showed a positive correlation with STS/CF (r = .356, p < .001).

Conclusions

STS/CF is common in health professionals regardless of their profession, working department or hospital level. Non‐ICU staff displayed higher STS/CF levels. Working in a department by choice ameliorates CS, BO and STS/CF.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Health professionals need to be informed about the risks of projecting patients' suffering on themselves. Hospital managers and department heads are responsible to provide appropriate support.
How have COVID‐19 stringency measures changed scholarly activity?
Authors: Caudwell Kim M. , Soranzo Alessandro , Lim Lee Wei , Aquili Luca
Published: March 2022

Government restrictions to the movement of people due to the COVID‐19 pandemic have had a wide range of effects on scientific activity. Here, we show that during the pandemic there has been a reduction in the number of registered non‐COVID‐19 clinical trials. Furthermore, using the Oxford COVID‐19 Government Response Tracker Stringency Index (SI) as an indicator of COVID‐19–related workplace adjustment (e.g., restrictions on gatherings, workplace closures, and stay‐at‐home orders), we demonstrate that this drop in clinical trial registration has been greater in countries with a higher SI. This could have significant consequences for the discovery of treatments that are required to reduce the global burden of disease.
Institutional Prospects: Exploring Perceptions of Past Benefits and Future Risks From Supreme Court Decisions and Support for Institutional Change
Authors: Braman Eileen
Published: March 2022

This study investigates support for changes to the U.S. Supreme Court using prospect theory. Risk domain is alternatively conceptualized as the perception of retrospective benefits and future risks posed by Supreme Court decision‐making. Two experiments explore how citizens think about gains and losses from Court outputs. Findings indicate that retrospective benefits are influenced by the relevant time frame respondents are asked to consider, political partisanship, and the interaction between them; prospective risks are affected by question wording, partisanship, and an interaction between respondents' partisanship and the relevant time frame. Using retrospective benefits as a proxy for determining if someone is in the domain of gains or losses does not yield consistent results regarding support for change to the Supreme Court. Conceptualizing risk domain in terms of the expectation of future gains and losses, however, does yield significant effects consistent with prospect theory.
Populist Attitudes and Threat Perceptions of Global Transformations and Governance: Experimental Evidence from India and the United Kingdom
Authors: Dennison James , Turnbull‐Dugarte Stuart J.
Published: March 2022

Contemporary global crises and transformations—including climate change, migration, digitalization, pandemics, financial and economic integration, and terrorism—increasingly determine democratic politics and policymaking. We examine how populist attitudes are associated with perceptions of the threats posed by these six global crises and transformations. Using original survey data in India and the United Kingdom alongside secondary data in the United Kingdom, we robustly show that stronger populist attitudes are positively associated with the perception of threat posed by all six crises and transformations—particularly to the economy and national way of life, but also, of theoretical note, to humanitarian concerns. Furthermore, experimentally priming populist individuals on global governance solutions to each transformation has no effect on their perception of threat, suggesting that such threat perceptions are not driven by political concerns but by the societal crises and transformations themselves. Overall, our findings theoretically support the ideational conceptualization of populism as a thin ideology, distinct from nationalism or left‐right attitudes, which acts as a broad, if thin, political psychological predisposition. Substantially, we cautiously argue that our findings may give cause for optimism about the potential to rally popular support for global governance solutions to global challenges.
A bilateral SPCN is elicited by to‐be‐memorized visual stimuli displayed along the vertical midline
Authors: Chen Yanzhang , Brigadoi Sabrina , Schiano Lomoriello Arianna , Jolicœur Pierre , Simal Amour , Fu Shimin , Baro Valentina , Dell'Acqua Roberto
Published: March 2022

We recently showed that deploying attention to target stimuli displayed along the vertical meridian elicits a bilateral N2pc, that we labeled N2pcb (Psychophysiology). Here we investigated whether a different component, the sustained posterior contralateral negativity (SPCN), shows the same property when a varying number of visual stimuli are displayed either laterally or on the vertical meridian. We displayed one or two cues that designated candidate targets to be detected in a search array that was displayed after a retention interval. The cues were either on the horizontal meridian or on the vertical meridian. When the cues were on the horizontal meridian, we observed an N2pc followed by an SPCN in their classic form, as negativity increments contralateral to the cues. As expected, SPCN amplitude was greater when two cues had to be memorized than when only one cue had to be memorized. When the cues were on the vertical meridian, we observed an N2pcb followed by a bilateral SPCN (or SPCNb). Critically, like SPCN, SPCNb amplitude was greater when two cues had to be memorized than when only one cue had to be memorized. A series of additional parametrical and topographical comparisons between N2pcb and SPCNb revealed similarities but also some important differences between these two components that we interpreted as evidence for their distinct neural sources.
When the approaching threat is uncertain: Dynamics of defensive motivation and attention in trait anxiety
Authors: Qiao Zhiling , Pan Dong‐ni , Hoid Delhii , van Winkel Ruud , Li Xuebing
Published: March 2022

Uncertainty of threat has been linked to anxiety, but little is known about how neurophysiological responses change as uncertain threats approach and whether trait anxiety modulates these changes. The current study was designed to explore aspects of the dynamics of defensive motivation (startle reflex elicited by acoustic startle probes), attention (probe N100 component of event‐related potentials elicited by acoustic startle probes), and autonomic nervous system activity (heart rate) when the approaching threat was certain or uncertain in a variant of the threat probability task. Behavioral results showed that high‐trait anxious individuals reported higher levels of anxiety than low‐trait anxious individuals only under the uncertain threat condition. Electromyographic data showed that high‐trait anxious individuals tended to produce a more pronounced startle reflex, especially when the uncertain threat was proximal. This pattern was not observed in low‐trait anxious individuals. By examining early attention engagement through probe N100, we observed a similar pattern in relation to defensive motivation. Moreover, under the uncertain threat condition, high‐trait anxious individuals yielded a greater deceleration of heart rate than low‐trait anxious individuals. These results indicate a distinct modulation effect of trait anxiety in the dynamics of defensive motivation, attention, and the autonomic nervous system during the anticipation of uncertain threats.
The effects of mycorrhizae on phosphorus mitigation and pollinator habitat restoration within riparian buffers on unceded land
Authors: Rubin Jessica A. , Görres Josef H.
Published: March 2022

Agricultural pollution, especially phosphorus (P) can cause eutrophication of freshwater quality. Riparian buffers are best management practices (BMPs) which intercept agricultural pollution. However, they are frequently degraded by reduced biodiversity. P mitigation in riparian buffers can be enhanced through mycorrhizal inoculation and cyclical coppicing. We report on a myco‐phytoremediation project that investigates mycorrhizae's effect on vegetation's ability to lower legacy soil P, soil water P, and increase woody biomass P uptake. It also aimed to restore pollinator habitat through planting a diverse, native plant palette (32 species), blooming from February to November. Planting and offering culturally relevant plant materials to the Abenaki contributes to their land rematriation process. The study was located on unceded Abenaki territory at Shelburne Farms, within 300 m of Lake Pitawbagw (Lake Champlain) which is impacted increasingly by P pollution from colonial and conventional agricultural practices. Along a drainage way three treatment plots were installed: buckthorn vegetation (OIV) left in place as the control, and two restored diverse multi‐synusium plant communities, consisting of either uninoculated (RV) or inoculated with 19 mycorrhizal species (RVM). After 2 years, soil water soluble reactive P extracted from lysimeter samples was not affected by treatment but varied over time. However, water extractable SRP (WEP‐SRP) and TP (WEP‐TP) followed this trend RV > OIV > RVM which was inversely and linearly related to mycorrhizal density. Plants are best harvested in late summer when P concentrations are highest. Restoration science can flourish through reciprocally partnering with Original Peoples who hold expertise in ecological reconciliation.
On photovoice—Applications and reflections to an intensive care context
Authors: Olausson Sepideh , Lindahl Berit
Published: March 2022

Background

In this paper, we share our experiences of using ‘photovoice’ methodology as a way to generate data in intensive care units concerning the place and space of care. We have adapted and modified ‘photovoice’ in researching people's lived experiences of ICU. Researching lived experiences in an intensive care context is challenging because of the complex nature of critical care.

Aim

This study aims to explore and discuss photovoice methodolgy in ICU as a data collection method. Materials and Methods: Photos and interviews collected from patients, loved ones and staff collected in a previous research proejct.

Results

Although there are challenges in using cameras and photographing the environment in the ICU, due to ethics and the voiceless patients therein, many advantages are presented to the researchers in capturing the meaning of lived experiences of various phenomena in the lifeworld in general and in the meaning of place and space. This paper offers applications and reflection over ontological, epistemological and methodological concerns and also offers a detailed approach on how to employ photovoice for successful and rich data generation.

Discussion

developing and adapting scientific methods and methodologies contributes to knowledge development in caring science and is therefore an important subject of matter.

Conclusions

Photovoice also presents a powerful tool in disseminating the findings as it opens up the closed world of ICU to the public and increases people's understanding of the significance of place and space of caring practice.
Imagined borderlands: Terrain, technology and trade in the making and managing of the China‐Myanmar border
Authors: Rippa Alessandro
Published: March 2022

Building on a ‘biographical’ approach to national boundaries, this paper traces the history of the China‐Myanmar border—its formations, disappearances and rematerializations. In doing so, it identifies three alternative imaginaries that have characterized and shaped these borderlands throughout the past one and a half century. These imaginaries—terrain, technology and trade—sketch out some of the ways in which borderlands are seen, perceived and therefore acted upon by state authorities and powerful outsiders. They are central to how the boundary was demarcated, and to how it is managed today. These imaginaries, then, are reflected into specific practices—and thus have direct impact on everyday life along the China‐Myanmar border. Drawing on both archival and long‐term ethnographic research, this paper thus sheds light on the embedded processes of anticipation that underscore how the borderlands are envisioned today in dominant narratives centred around Belt and Road promises and fears.
Social policy learning inside the World Bank: The case of multi‐pillar pension reform
Authors: Heneghan Martin
Published: March 2022

This paper analyses the process of policy learning that has taken place inside the Social Protection and Labor Department of the World Bank after the large‐scale abandonment of its flagship pension programme. It draws on a set of elite interviews with present and former senior policy actors at the World Bank, alongside other key transnational actors to assess the Bank's response. It utilises the policy learning literature, in particular Hall's (1993) policy paradigm approach, to analyse the scope of learning that has been undertaken. The analysis shows that policy learning is a central activity within the Social Protection and Labor Department. From the moment the World Bank entered the pensions field in 1994, it continually updated its policy advice as a result of ‘rational updating’ (Blyth, 2013) or first and second order change (Hall, 1993). However, after the global economic crisis, the dominance of the Bank in the field waned, which opened it up to new ideas and rival paradigms. This has led to a policy conversion at the World Bank. Whilst not fully abandoning its pension model from the 1990s, it now emphasises the role of public pensions and poverty relief with less of a focus on funding and sustainability. The paper argues this change borders on paradigmatic change at the Bank. It has led to a closer working relationship with the International Labour Organization as both organizations focus on the issue of pensions coverage.
Optimization of process parameters for remediation performance on mass removal of tetrachloroethylene source zones by using Taguchi design of experiment and artificial neural network
Authors: Şahin Yıldız , Akyol Nihat Hakan , Kasap Sedanur Selay
Published: March 2022

This study tested the remediation performance of various conditions for pool‐dominated tetrachloroethylene resided in the soil at three different levels of type of flushing agent, flushing agent concentration and flushing rate. The experimental data obtained according to the Taguchi orthogonal array L9 were analysed using the Minitab 17 program. Results of the experimental design analysis indicated that the most effective factor is the flushing agent type, followed by flushing agent concentration and flushing rate, respectively. All the parameters used in the system have a significant effect on the experimental results, and the Taguchi method can explain 97.94% of the experimental data. As a result of the ANN analysis, the R2 values for training, testing and validation were calculated as 0.99942, 0.99795 and 0.99964, respectively. This situation shows the importance of experimental design and selection of appropriate conditions, which is very important for rapid and cost‐effective remediation of contaminated sites.
A Data-Driven Approach for Integrating Hedonic Quality and Pragmatic Quality in User Experience Modeling
Authors: Tong Yanzhang , Liang Yan , Spasic Irena , Hicks Yulia , Hu Huicong , Liu Ying
Published: March 2022

User experience (UX) analysis is essential for designers and companies when optimizing products or services as it can help designers to uncover valuable information, such as the hedonic and pragmatic qualities of a UX. While previous research has described the conventional methods of UX analysis, such as surveys or subjective determination, this paper proposes a data-driven methodology to automatically integrate hedonic and pragmatic qualities for UX from online customer reviews. The proposed methodology comprises the following steps. First, we combined a corpus-based approach, a dictionary-based approach and word embedding to generate a lexicon of hedonic and pragmatic qualities. Second, we filtered out the sentences that contained no hedonic or pragmatic information and classified the remaining review sentences. Third, we extracted and clustered the UX elements (such as product feature, context information and context clustering). Finally, we scored each UX element based on hedonic or pragmatic qualities and compared it against previous UX modeling. This study integrates hedonic and pragmatic qualities to enrich UX modeling in the field of UX. For a product designer, the UX analysis results may highlight a requirement to optimize product design. It may also represent a potential market opportunity in a UX state where most of the current products are perceived UX results by customers. This research also examines the invaluable relationship between UX and online customer reviews to support the prospective planning of customer strategy and design activities.
Aerodynamic Interaction of Volute With Rotor in a Nozzleless Radial Turbine
Authors: Pan Lei , Yang Mingyang , Murae Shota , Sato Wataru , Shimohara Naoto , Yamagata Akihiro
Published: March 2022

Aerodynamic interaction of rotor with stator is the primary cause of high cycle fatigue of radial turbine blade. However, few studies have been carried out on aerodynamic interaction in nozzleless radial turbines. This paper studies aerodynamic interaction in a nozzleless radial turbine via the experimentally validated numerical method. The results suggest that several flow phenomena are related to blade excitation. First, when the blade sweeps by the volute tongue, the tongue wake induces a strong separation vortex at the blade leading edge and interacts with it. As the tongue wake migrates downstream, it deforms into a triangular shape across the rotor passage. Second, the potential field of the volute leads to drastic fluctuations of blade load as well as tip leakage flow. Importantly, the tongue wake interacts with the tip leakage vortex in the vicinity of blade trailing edge. This phenomenon results in strong disturbance to pressure fluctuations on suction surface at low pressure ratio, and the frequency of disturbance is roughly one order higher than that of potential field. However, its influence can be neglected at high pressure ratio. Furthermore, the details of vortex evolution in the rotor passage are discussed via the time-space contour plots of pressure difference. Various behaviors including propagation speed, direction, and strength can be well manifested by this method. Finally, the strong influence of unsteady interaction on blade excitation in the nozzleless turbine is confirmed by a direct comparison of blade loads in unsteady conditions with that in quasi-steady conditions.
Performance Investigation of a Constant Temperature Heat Pump Dryer
Authors: Tang Lan , Li Qingjian , Huang Tao , Chen Hai , Liu Ziyuan , He Shiquan
Published: March 2022

Heat pump drying systems (HPDS) are systems composed of a heat pump (HP) that carries out a drying process which is energy efficient and environmentally friendly. However, in the HPDS, HP technology is used in the drying process, which makes it a very complex system coupling a hot air cycle and compressed refrigeration cycle. The control strategy of the drying process is important when developing heat pump dryers (HPDs) with high efficiency and reliability. An auxiliary condenser can be used to release excess heat from the system and maintain a constant temperature drying process, while equipping an evaporator bypass is a simple method for controlling the heat pump dehumidification rate. In this study, a novel enclosed drying system that incorporates a commercial 2.65 kW HP dehumidifier with an evaporator bypass was designed and constructed. The drying performance, such as the drying time and drying degree, and the HP performance, such as the coefficient of performance of an enclosed system with an air bypass, were experimentally investigated. According to the results of the investigation, increasing the circulating air bypass ratio can greatly reduce the drying time and improve the drying degree and the drying performance of the drying system. However, the air bypass reduces the performance of the HP, especially at a higher air bypass ratio, which should be taken into account in research and design of HPDS in the future. Besides, an attempt has been made to investigate the feasibility of using this novel HPD to preheat the drying room before drying process and refrigeration storage in drying room after drying process. Contribution of this research can diversify the function of the HPD.
Effects of Rib Design on the Unsteady Tip Heat Transfer Amplitude for a Turbine Rotor Blade
Authors: Jiang Shijie , Li Zhigang , Li Jun
Published: March 2022

By solving the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations and SST k–ω turbulence model, effects of rib design on the unsteady tip heat transfer amplitude for a turbine rotor blade with different rotating speeds are numerically investigated. The results of turbulence model validation are in good agreement with the experimental data. The grid independence verification is also satisfied. The results indicate that the averaged heat transfer coefficient of ribbed tip is 3.1% lower than that of traditional squealer tip and the amplitude of the heat transfer coefficient at the ribbed blade tip is 31.7% lower than that at the traditional squealer tip at standard speed condition. Low-energy passing wake causes the variation of flow field pressure near the tip clearance, which changes the strength of vortex such as pressure corner vortex, scratching vortex, leading edge vortex, and rib vortex inside the cavity, and thus causes the tip heat transfer coefficient fluctuation. At 85% standard speed, the average heat transfer coefficient amplitude of the ribbed tip is reduced by 35.4%. At 115% standard speed, the average heat transfer coefficient amplitude of the ribbed tip is reduced by 44.5%. Ribbed blade tip is suitable to reduce the heat transfer coefficient in turbine design
First-in-Human Clinical Trial to Assess the Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of Single Doses of NTM-1633, a Novel Mixture of Monoclonal Antibodies against Botulinum Toxin E
Authors: Raja S. M. , Guptill J. T. , Juel V. C. , Walter E. B. , Cohen-Wolkowiez M. , Hill H. , Sendra E. , Hauser B. , Jackson P. , Tomic M. , Espinoza Y. , Swamy G. K.
Published: March 2022

Botulism is a rare, life-threatening paralytic disease caused by botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT). Available treatments including an equine antitoxin and human immune globulin are given postexposure and challenging to produce and administer.
Rifampin Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics in the Hollow-Fiber Model of Mycobacterium kansasii Infection
Authors: Srivastava Shashikant , Boorgula Gunavanthi D. , Wang Jann-Yuan , Huang Hung-Ling , Howe Dave , Gumbo Tawanda , Heysell Scott K.
Published: March 2022

There is limited high-quality evidence to guide the optimal treatment of
Mycobacterium kansasii
pulmonary disease. We retrospectively collected clinical data from 33 patients with
M. kansasii
pulmonary disease to determine the time-to-sputum culture conversion (SCC) upon treatment with a standard combination regimen consist of isoniazid-rifampin-ethambutol. Next, MIC experiments with 20 clinical isolates were performed, followed by a dose-response study with the standard laboratory strain using the hollow-fiber system model of
M. kansasii
infection (HFS-
Mkn
). The inhibitory sigmoid maximum effect (
E
max
) model was used to describe the relationship between the bacterial burden and rifampin concentrations.
Macrolide Resistance in Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Midwestern United States, 2014 to 2021
Authors: Rothstein Tanner E. , Cunningham Scott A. , Rieke Rachelle A. , Mainella Jill M. , Mutchler Melissa M. , Patel Robin
Published: March 2022

The epidemiology of macrolide resistance inMycoplasma(Mycoplasmoides)pneumoniaein the United States is incompletely described. Using a PCR assay targeting common mutations associated with macrolide resistance inM. pneumoniae(23S rRNA gene, A2063G/A2064G), the frequency of macrolide resistance was estimated to be 10% based on analysis of 114 samples tested from January 2014 to September 2021 at Mayo Clinic Laboratories.
Microbial Sources of Exocellular DNA in the Ocean
Authors: Linney Morgan D. , Eppley John M. , Romano Anna E. , Luo Elaine , DeLong Edward F. , Karl David M.
Published: March 2022

With advances in metagenomic sequencing, the microbial composition of diverse environmental systems has been investigated, providing new perspectives on potential ecological dynamics and dimensions for experimental investigations. Here, we characterized exocellular free DNA via metagenomics, using a newly developed method that separates free DNA from cells, viruses, and vesicles, and facilitated the independent characterization of each fraction.
Transcriptome Analysis on Key Metabolic Pathways in Rhodotorula mucilaginosa Under Pb(II) Stress
Authors: Chen Tianyi , Shi Yixiao , Peng Chao , Tang Lingyi , Chen Yanting , Wang Tong , Wang Zhijun , Wang Shimei , Li Zhen
Published: March 2022

Glycolysis (EMP), the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) are critical metabolism pathways for microorganisms to obtain energy during the resistance to heavy metal (HM) stress. However, these pathways at the genetic level have not been elucidated to evaluate their cytoprotective functions for
Rhodotorula mucilaginosa
under Pb stress.
Inflammatory Monocytes Promote Granuloma-Mediated Control of Persistent Salmonella Infection
Authors: Bettke Julie A. , Tam Jason W. , Montoya Valeria , Butler Brian P. , van der Velden Adrianus W. M.
Published: March 2022

Persistent infections generally involve a complex balance between protective immunity and immunopathology. We used a murine model to investigate the role of inflammatory monocytes in immunity and host defense against persistent salmonellosis.
Leptospira interrogans Aer2: an Unusual Membrane-Bound PAS-Heme Oxygen Sensor
Authors: Orillard Emilie , Watts Kylie J.
Published: March 2022

Leptospira interrogans
, the cause of the zoonotic infection leptospirosis, is found in soil and water contaminated with animal urine.
L. interrogans
survives in complex environments with the aid of 12 chemoreceptors, none of which has been explicitly studied. In this study, we characterized the first
L. interrogans
chemoreceptor,
Li
Aer2, and reported its unique characteristics.
Li
Aer2 is membrane-bound, has three cytoplasmic PAS-heme domains that each bound hexacoordinate
b
-type heme and O
2
turned
Li
Aer2 signaling off.
Machine Learning of All Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv RNA-seq Data Reveals a Structured Interplay between Metabolism, Stress Response, and Infection
Authors: Yoo Reo , Rychel Kevin , Poudel Saugat , Al-bulushi Tahani , Yuan Yuan , Chauhan Siddharth , Lamoureux Cameron , Palsson Bernhard O. , Sastry Anand
Published: March 2022

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
H37Rv is one of the world's most impactful pathogens, and a large part of the success of the organism relies on the differential expression of its genes to adapt to its environment. The expression of the organism's genes is driven primarily by its transcriptional regulatory network, and most research on the TRN focuses on identifying and quantifying clusters of coregulated genes known as regulons.
The Effect of Vaccine Type and SARS-CoV-2 Lineage on Commercial SARS-CoV-2 Serologic and Pseudotype Neutralization Assays in mRNA Vaccine Recipients
Authors: Tolan Nicole V. , Sherman Amy C. , Zhou Guohai , Nabel Katherine G. , Desjardins Michaël , Melanson Stacy , Kanjilal Sanjat , Moheed Serina , Kupelian John , Kaufman Richard M. , Ryan Edward T. , LaRocque Regina C. , Branda John A. , Dighe Anand S. , Abraham Jonathan , Baden Lindsey R. , Charles Richelle C. , Turbett Sarah E.
Published: March 2022

We evaluated anti-spike antibody concentrations in healthy mRNA vaccinated individuals and compared these concentrations to values obtained from pseudotype neutralization assays targeting SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern to determine how well anti-spike antibodies correlate with neutralizing titers, which have been used as a marker of immunity from COVID-19 infection. We found high peak anti-spike concentrations in these individuals, with significantly higher levels seen in mRNA-1273 vaccine recipients.
The Human Health Implications of Antibiotic Resistance in Environmental Isolates from Two Nebraska Watersheds
Authors: Donner Linsey , Staley Zachery R. , Petali Jonathan , Sangster Jodi , Li Xu , Mathews Wayne , Snow Daniel , Howe Adina , Soupir Michelle , Bartelt-Hunt Shannon
Published: March 2022

One health is a transdisciplinary approach to achieve optimal health for humans, animals, plants and their shared environment, recognizing the interconnected nature of health in these domains. Field based research is needed to connect the occurrence of antibiotics used in veterinary medicine and human health with the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs).