bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Biases in Pathological Health Anxiety
Authors: Witthöft Michael , Kerstner Tobias , Ofer Julia , Mier Daniela , Rist Fred , Diener Carsten , Bailer Josef
Published: August 2015

Pathological health anxiety refers to the medically unfounded fear of suffering from a severe illness. Differences in cognitive processes related to attention, memory, and evaluation of health threat have been hypothesized to underlie pathological health anxiety. In no study, however, have researchers systematically and simultaneously assessed different cognitive biases. On the basis of the idea that multiple cognitive biases simultaneously contribute to psychopathology (the combined-cognitive-bias hypothesis), we compared 88 patients with pathological health anxiety, 52 patients with depressive disorder, and 52 healthy participants on their performance in several cognitive tasks involving health-threatening content. Individuals with pathological health anxiety showed a stronger attentional bias to health-threat-related information, more negative explicit (but not implicit) evaluations of health threat, and biased response behavior in light of health threat. The results suggest that stronger bindings between feelings of arousal and health-threatening information in working memory might be crucial for the higher salience of health-threatening contents in pathological health anxiety.
Rethinking Suicide Surveillance
Authors: Ma-Kellams Christine , Or Flora , Baek Ji Hyun , Kawachi Ichiro
Published: August 2015

Google search data have become an increasingly relied-on source of health information with a dual function as both a facilitative and a preventative resource. We tested the power of Google to predict suicide by comparing searches for explicitly suicidal terms with conventional measures of self-reported suicide risk in estimating completed suicides. In addition, we examined the extent to which discrepancies between Google-based and self-report-based estimates of suicide risk and completed suicide were asymmetrical across social-group lines. Relative to traditional self-reported measures of suicide risk, Google search data better estimated completed suicides. Furthermore, misestimation of suicidal risk was asymmetrical for both measures: Greater misestimation was likely in states with higher percentages of racial minorities and lower levels of socioeconomic status. Google search data can inform suicide-prevention efforts at the state level and suicide surveillance aimed at specific demographic groups.
Race, Immigration, and Exogamy among the Native-born
Authors: Campbell Mary E. , Martin Molly A.
Published: August 2015

Did rising immigration levels change racial and ethnic exogamy patterns for young adults in the United States? Adding local demographics to Qian and Lichter’s national results, the authors examine the relationship between the sizes of the local immigrant populations in urban and rural areas and U.S.-born individuals’ exogamy patterns in heterosexual unions, controlling for the areas’ racial compositions. Using 2000 census race, ethnicity, and nativity data and log-linear models, the authors test hypotheses about the relationship between high levels of immigration from Asia and Latin America and endogamy rates for U.S.-born Latino/as and Asians. They find that U.S.-born Latino/as and Asians are not consistently more endogamous in high-immigrant areas once population composition differences across local areas are controlled. Surprisingly, U.S.-born Blacks and Native Americans are significantly less endogamous in areas with more immigrants.
Ovarian Dysgerminoma
Authors: Michael Kimberly K. , Wampler Kathryn , Underwood Jessica , Hansen Carrie
Published: August 2015

Dysgerminomas are rare ovarian malignancies that primarily affect young women and can occur during pregnancy. Clinically, these tumors present with lower quadrant pain and adnexal mass, and laboratory values may include elevated beta human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). These symptoms, along with the sonographic findings of a large, solid lobulated adnexal mass in young women, strongly suggest an ovarian dysgerminoma in the differential diagnosis. The majority of these tumors will be diagnosed at Stage IA and will respond well to fertility-sparing surgery. This case report demonstrates both the clinical and sonographic findings unique to this rare type of ovarian malignancy.
Depletion of the chromatin remodeler CHD4 sensitizes AML blasts to genotoxic agents and reduces tumor formation
Authors: Sperlazza Justin , Rahmani Mohamed , Beckta Jason , Aust Mandy , Hawkins Elisa , Wang Shou Zhen , Zu Zhu Sheng , Podder Shreya , Dumur Catherine , Archer Kellie , Grant Steven , Ginder Gordon D.
Published: August 2015

Key Points

CHD4 depletion sensitizes AML cells but not normal CD34+ progenitors to genotoxic agents by relaxing chromatin and impairing DSB repair. CHD4 depletion modulates expression of AML cell genes that regulate tumor formation in vivo and colony formation in vitro.
GVHD-associated, inflammasome-mediated loss of function in adoptively transferred myeloid-derived suppressor cells
Authors: Koehn Brent H. , Apostolova Petya , Haverkamp Jessica M. , Miller Jeffrey S. , McCullar Valarie , Tolar Jakub , Munn David H. , Murphy William J. , Brickey Willie June , Serody Jonathan S. , Gabrilovich Dmitry I. , Bronte Vincenzo , Murray Peter J. , Ting Jenny P.-Y. , Zeiser Robert , Blazar Bruce R.
Published: August 2015

Key Points

MDSCs are potent suppressors of alloimmune responses; however, efficacy is limited in the context of acute GVHD due to inflammasome induction.
IDH2

R172
mutations define a unique subgroup of patients with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Wang Chao , McKeithan Timothy W. , Gong Qiang , Zhang Weiwei , Bouska Alyssa , Rosenwald Andreas , Gascoyne Randy D. , Wu Xiwei , Wang Jinhui , Muhammad Zahid , Jiang Bei , Rohr Joseph , Cannon Andrew , Steidl Christian , Fu Kai , Li Yuping , Hung Stacy , Weisenburger Dennis D. , Greiner Timothy C. , Smith Lynette , Ott German , Rogan Eleanor G. , Staudt Louis M. , Vose Julie , Iqbal Javeed , Chan Wing C.
Published: August 2015

Key Points

IDH2 R172 mutations define a unique subgroup with distinct TFH-like gene expression signatures in AITL. IDH2 R172 mutations can induce DNA and repressive histone hypermethylation in AITL.
Rapid growth accelerates telomere attrition in a transgenic fish
Authors: Pauliny Angela , Devlin Robert H. , Johnsson Jörgen I. , Blomqvist Donald
Published: August 2015

Background

Individuals rarely grow as fast as their physiologies permit despite the fitness advantages of being large. One reason may be that rapid growth is costly, resulting for example in somatic damage. The chromosomal ends, the telomeres, are particularly vulnerable to such damage, and telomere attrition thus influences the rate of ageing. Here, we used a transgenic salmon model with an artificially increased growth rate to test the hypothesis that rapid growth is traded off against the ability to maintain somatic health, assessed as telomere attrition.

Results

We found substantial telomere attrition in transgenic fish, while maternal half-sibs growing at a lower, wild-type rate seemed better able to maintain the length of their telomeres during the same time period.

Conclusions

Our results are consistent with a trade-off between rapid growth and somatic (telomere) maintenance in growth-manipulated fish. Since telomere erosion reflects cellular ageing, our findings also support theories of ageing postulating that unrepaired somatic damage is associated with senescence.
Molecular and phenotypic distinction of the very recently evolved insular subspecies Mus musculus helgolandicus ZIMMERMANN, 1953
Authors: Babiker Hiba , Tautz Diethard
Published: August 2015

Background

Populations and subspecies of the house mouse Mus musculus were able to invade new regions worldwide in the wake of human expansion. Here we investigate the origin and colonization history of the house mouse inhabiting the small island of Heligoland on the German Bight - Mus musculus helgolandicus. It was first described by Zimmermann in 1953, based on morphological descriptions which were considered to be a mosaic between the subspecies M. m. domesticus and M. m. musculus. Since mice on islands are excellent evolutionary model systems, we have focused here on a molecular characterization and an extended phenotype analysis.

Results

The molecular data show that the mice from Heligoland are derived from M. m. domesticus based on mitochondrial D-loop sequences as well as on four nuclear diagnostic markers, including one each from the sex-chromosomes. STRUCTURE analysis based on 21 microsatellite markers assigns Heligoland mice to a distinct population and D-loop network analysis suggests that they are derived from a single colonization event. In spite of mice from the mainland arriving by ships, they are apparently genetically refractory against further immigration. Mutation frequencies in complete mitochondrial genome sequences date the colonization age to approximately 400 years ago. Complete genome sequences from three animals revealed a genomic admixture with M. m. musculus genomic regions with at least 6.5 % of the genome affected. Geometric morphometric analysis of mandible shapes including skull samples from two time points during the last century suggest specific adaptations to a more carnivorous diet.

Conclusions

The molecular and morphological analyses confirm that M. m. helgolandicus consists of a distinct evolutionary lineage with specific adaptations. It shows a remarkable resilience against genetic mixture with mainland populations of M. m. domesticus despite major disturbances in the past century and a high ship traffic. The genomic admixture with M. m. musculus genetic material may have contributed to the genomic distinction of the Heligoland mice. In spite of its young age, M. m. helgolandicus may thus be considered as a true subspecies of Mus, whose evolution was triggered through fast divergence on a small island.
Draft genome sequence of the extremely halophilic archaeon Haladaptatus cibarius type strain D43T isolated from fermented seafood
Authors: Lee Hae-Won , Kim Dae-Won , Lee Mi-Hwa , Kim Byung-Yong , Cho Yong-Joon , Yim Kyung June , Song Hye Seon , Rhee Jin-Kyu , Seo Myung-Ji , Choi Hak-Jong , Choi Jong-Soon , Lee Dong-Gi , Yoon Changmann , Nam Young-Do , Roh Seong Woon
Published: August 2015

An extremely halophilic archaeon, Haladaptatus cibarius D43T, was isolated from traditional Korean salt-rich fermented seafood. Strain D43T shows the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (98.7 %) with Haladaptatus litoreus RO1-28T, is Gram-negative staining, motile, and extremely halophilic. Despite potential industrial applications of extremely halophilic archaea, their genome characteristics remain obscure. Here, we describe the whole genome sequence and annotated features of strain D43T. The 3,926,724 bp genome includes 4,092 protein-coding and 57 RNA genes (including 6 rRNA and 49 tRNA genes) with an average G + C content of 57.76 %.
Experimental study of Young’s modulus dispersion and attenuation in fully saturated sandstones
Authors: Pimienta Lucas , Fortin Jérôme , Guéguen Yves
Published: August 2015

Although seismic wave dispersion and attenuation have been found to occur in sedimentary rocks, it remains challenging to experimentally observe these effects. A new experimental setup has been developed to measure the Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio of rocks over a wide range in pressure ([Formula: see text]) and frequency ([Formula: see text]). Calibration with standard samples determined the following: (1) no dependence of the apparatus to pressure and frequency and (2) a good fit between published data and the measured and inferred elastic properties. The measured Young’s modulus dispersion and attenuation of Plexiglas were also consistent with the published data. The Young’s modulus and the attenuation of Fontainebleau sandstone samples saturated by water and glycerin were then measured. Although small variations were observed for one sample, the second one exhibited strong pressure- and frequency-dependent variations of Young’s modulus and attenuation. A frequency-dependent fluid flow was simultaneously measured. The characteristic frequency for these variations was highly fluid dependent. Accounting for the in situ fluids’ viscosity using an apparent frequency parameter, we determined the Young’s modulus and attenuation of a fluid-saturated Fontainebleau sandstone over an apparent frequency band of [Formula: see text]. The measurements under water and glycerin saturation compared favorably, and two frequency-dependent phenomena were observed that were interpreted as the drained/undrained and undrained/unrelaxed transitions. The undrained/unrelaxed transition occurred in a large frequency range, which was attributed to a distribution in aspect ratio of the rock’s microcracks.
The benefit of encoded source sequences for simultaneous source separation
Authors: Mueller Moritz B. , Halliday David F. , van Manen Dirk-Jan , Robertsson Johan O. A.
Published: August 2015

We have developed a method for simultaneous source separation using time dithering and encoded source sequences. The source sequences are designed so that they are close to orthogonal to each other, having minimized crosscorrelation and optimal autocorrelation properties. We found that this additional encoding of time-dithered sources could be exploited with a multifrequency separation method. The separation method relies on a coherency-based approach and is solved by a sparse Radon inversion. Realistic synthetic data examples confirmed the importance of using the multifrequency method to take advantage of the sequence orthogonality and to deal with spatially aliased data. Our results demonstrate that source sequence encoding can significantly improve simultaneous source separation compared with using time dithering only.
Morphological Characterization of the Action Potential Initiation Segment in GnRH Neuron Dendrites and Axons of Male Mice
Authors: Herde Michel K. , Herbison Allan E.
Published: August 2015

GnRH neurons are the final output neurons of the hypothalamic network controlling fertility in mammals. In the present study, we used ankyrin G immunohistochemistry and neurobiotin filling of live GnRH neurons in brain slices from GnRH-green fluorescent protein transgenic male mice to examine in detail the location of action potential initiation in GnRH neurons with somata residing at different locations in the basal forebrain. We found that the vast majority of GnRH neurons are bipolar in morphology, elaborating a thick (primary) and thinner (secondary) dendrite from opposite poles of the soma. In addition, an axon-like process arising predominantly from a proximal dendrite was observed in a subpopulation of GnRH neurons. Ankyrin G immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of a single action potential initiation zone ∼27 μm in length primarily in the secondary dendrite of GnRH neurons and located 30 to 140 μm distant from the cell soma, depending on the type of process and location of the cell body. In addition to dendrites, the GnRH neurons with cell bodies located close to hypothalamic circumventricular organs often elaborated ankyrin G–positive axon-like structures. Almost all GnRH neurons (>90%) had their action potential initiation site in a process that initially, or ultimately after a hairpin loop, was coursing in the direction of the median eminence. These studies indicate that action potentials are initiated in different dendritic and axonal compartments of the GnRH neuron in a manner that is dependent partly on the neuroanatomical location of the cell body.
RNA polymerase II CTD phospho-sites Ser5 and Ser7 govern phosphate homeostasis in fission yeast
Authors: Schwer Beate , Sanchez Ana M. , Shuman Stewart
Published: August 2015

Phosphorylation of the tandem YSPTSPS repeats of the RNA polymerase II CTD inscribes an informational code that orchestrates eukaryal mRNA synthesis. Here we interrogate the role of the CTD in phosphate homeostasis in fission yeast. Expression of Pho1 acid phosphatase, which is repressed during growth in phosphate-rich medium and induced by phosphate starvation, is governed strongly by CTD phosphorylation status, but not by CTD repeat length. Inability to place a Ser7-PO4 mark (as in S7A) results in constitutive derepression of Pho1 expression in phosphate-replete medium. In contrast, indelible installation of a Ser7-PO4 mimetic (as in S7E) hyper-represses Pho1 in phosphate-replete cells and inhibits Pho1 induction during starvation. Pho1 phosphatase is derepressed by ablation of the CTD Ser5-PO4 mark, achieved either by mutating Ser5 in all consensus heptads to alanine, or replacing all Pro6 residues with alanine. We find that Ser5 status is a tunable determinant of Pho1 regulation, i.e., serial decrements in the number of consensus Ser5 heptads from seven to two elicits a progressive increase in Pho1 expression in phosphate-replete medium. Pho1 is also derepressed by hypomorphic mutations of the CTD kinase Cdk9. Inactivation of the CTD phosphatase Ssu72 attenuates Pho1 induction in wild-type cells and blocks Pho1 derepression in S7A cells. These experiments implicate Ser5, Pro6, and Ser7 as component letters of a CTD coding “word” that transduces a repressive transcriptional signal via serine phosphorylation.
The Immune System and Responses to Cancer: Coordinated Evolution
Authors: Coventry Brendon J. , Ashdown Martin , Henneberg Maciej , Davies Paul C W
Published: August 2015

This review explores the evolutionary interaction and co-development between immune system and somatic evolution. Over immense durations, continuous interactions between microbes, aberrant somatic cells, including malignant cells, and the immune system have successively shaped the evolutionary development of the immune system, somatic cells and microorganisms through continuous adaptive symbiotic processes of progressive immunological and somatic change providing what we observe today. The immune system is powerful enough to remove cancer and induce long-term cures. Our knowledge of how this occurs is just emerging. It is less clear why the immune system would detect cancer cells, when it is usually focused on combatting infection. Here we show the connections between immunity, infection and cancer, by searching back in time hundreds of millions of years and more to when multi-cellular organisms first began, and the immune system eventually evolved into the truly brilliant and efficient protective mechanism, the importance of which we are just beginning to now understand. What we do know is that comprehending these points will likely lead to more effective cancer therapies.
Men's health, article 10: sexual health and men
Authors: Barber Chris
Published: August 2015

Male sexual health issues are often seen as being an ‘elephant in the room’: everybody knows that some men are likely to experience sexual health issues and problems such as sexually transmitted infections or erectile dysfunction, but will not acknowledge or talk about them. This article, the tenth in this series on male health issues, will discuss a number of these male sexual health issues and highlight a number of ways in which healthcare assistants can offer support and help.
Learning to nurse: combining simulation with key theory
Authors: Bevan Ann L , Joy Rosalyn , Keeley Sarah , Brown Petra
Published: August 2015

Following a recent Nursing and Midwifery Council revalidation of a university undergraduate nursing programme, simulation skills sessions and anatomy and physiology theory were integrated into one unit (module). This was done in order to integrate the basis for patient assessment and care provision with the anatomical and physiological theory and thereby enhance student learning and nursing practice. Students evaluated the new unit well and valued the close link between theory and practice simulation. Improvements were seen in the simulation skills sessions as students were better able to apply their underlying theory to their actions. Learning was enhanced as both simulation and theory were seen as more meaningful to practice and patient care.
Managing the problem of excess exudate
Authors: Moore Zena , Strapp Helen
Published: August 2015

Wound healing is a normal response to injury and is initiated after the integrity of the skin has been interrupted. The management of exudate in practice can be challenging, as there are clinical situations where the patient's wound may produce copious amounts of exudate. It is therefore important that excess wound exudate is accurately assessed and diagnosed and subsequently managed effectively to relieve the significant burden it places on those who suffer with the problem. This article will look at the effect of Exufiber® in the management of three wounds with different aetiologies.
Asylum, immigration and anti-racism – an interview with Amal Azzudin
Authors: Penketh Laura
Published: August 2015

The fight against asylum and immigration policies and their punitive impact on young people and their families was given high-profile media and political attention when the ‘Glasgow Girls’ at Drumchapel High School campaigned against the detention of one of their school friends in 2005. Amal Azzudin played a key role in fighting for her friend to be released from detention and, in the process, engaged with teachers, other pupils at Drumchapel High School, politicians and the media, raising awareness of the way in which asylum seekers without leave to remain were being treated. The campaign was instrumental in challenging mainstream attitudes and assumptions, and informing policy debates. Amal, in this piece, discusses the campaign and her continuing commitment to fighting against racism and inequality in all areas of society. She offers an insight into the successes that can be achieved when groups come together to fight against oppression in all its forms.
How to Make Nonsense: The Verbalizing Procedures of Nonsense in Lewis Carroll’s Alice Books
Authors: Simoniti Barbara
Published: August 2015

Lewis Carroll’s Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass have been regarded as exemplary of nonsense as a genre. The present article is based on a detailed research of how generic nonsense manifests itself on the verbal level of the text. The chosen method of investigation involved a cross-cultural approach since it facilitated an immediate comparison between the effects of established nonsense-making procedures in the source text (the original) and the changed verbalizations of several target texts (the translations). This article presents an example of the textual analysis that established a hierarchical analytical model: verbalizing procedures as formal categories create nonsense stylemes as elements of nonsense discourse. The analysis carried out confirmed that the selected Slovene translations no longer belonged to generic nonsense on account of transformed verbalizations that disregard the existing structure of the original text. At the same time, the analysis also showed the extent to which translation as an act of cross-cultural communication was influenced by the change in cultural and literary contexts: the adaptations carried out in Slovene translations were determined by the absence of nonsense tradition in Slovene literature since the nonsense phenomena (established in the analysis) have so far not been recognized as such.
Transformative Learning, Affect, and Reciprocal Care in Community Engagement
Authors: Holmes Ashley J.
Published: August 2015

Drawing on interviews with writing teachers, this article highlights some of the affective responses that may arise for students, community partners, and teachers when we situate our pedagogies in public sites beyond the classroom. I analyze a teacher-narrated moment of student distress to demonstrate how theories of transformative learning might help us productively theorize affect in service-learning and community-based education. To conclude, I offer a reciprocal model of care that employs tenets of feminist pedagogy, such as transparency and decentering of authority, and that acknowledges the valid emotions students, teachers, and community members may experience. I call for community literacy practitioners to see the power of all participants to both give and receive care in transformative education.
Translingual Communities: Teaching and Learning Where You Don’t Know the Language
Authors: Kimball Elizabeth
Published: August 2015

In fields such as sociolinguistics and composition and rhetoric, communication is increasingly understood as translingual, that is, as negotiated socially across languages. Those of us engaged in community literacy can and should recognize the deeply multilingual nature of the communities in which we work, and we should understand, embrace, and forward the translingual approach. Here I reflect on my first conscious attempt to teach translingually in a college course with a community-based learning component. I present an overview of the translingual orientation, reflect on the decisions I made as I prepared a college community-based learning course with translingual intentions but not overt translingual objectives, and examine some the students’ reflections that reveal their language attitudes at the end of the course. I argue that small, intentional decisions made towards a broader translingual orientation towards language and literacy make an immediate difference in how students think about language, and that those engaged in community literacy partnerships are in need of a theory of communication that the translingual approach can provide.
Digital Literacy in Rural Women’s Lives
Authors: Vaughn Jennie , Harrell Allen , Dayton Amy E.
Published: August 2015

This qualitative study looks at how rural women in the American South have obtained access to digital technologies for reading and writing. Using the “life history” approach (Brandt; Hawisher and Selfe), we interviewed five women. We look at the challenges caused by the Digital Divide, at economies of access, including the financial factors that shape individuals’ uses of digital technologies for reading and writing, at the strategies that the women used for gaining access to needed technologies, and at the nature of sponsorship in digital, rural contexts.
Infant Mortality in Cuba: Myth and Reality
Authors: Gonzalez Roberto M.
Published: August 2015

Debido a su baja tasa de mortalidad infantil (TMI), Cuba ha sido caracterizada como un país pobre que ha alcanzado niveles de desarrollo social muy similar al de naciones ricas. Sin embargo, este estudio muestra que la TMI reportada por Cuba no parece muy confiable. Luego de explorar una pronunciada discrepancia entre la mortalidad fetal tardía y la mortalidad neonatal precoz, este estudio propone un método para ajustar la TMI reportada por Cuba. Los resultados indican que la TMI ajustada puede ser el doble de la reportada. Además, la TMI ajustada, a pesar de ser menor que la de países latinoamericanos y de ingreso mediano, no es comparable a la de países desarrollados como se pensaba.
A Bifurcated Enclave: The Economic Evolution of the Cuban and Cuban American Population of Metropolitan Miami
Authors: Portes Alejandro , Puhrmann Aaron
Published: August 2015

El texto resume la historia del enclave económico cubano en Miami, desde sus orígenes hasta el presente. Lo particular de esta historia yace no solo en sus orígenes y consecuencias tempranas, sino en su bifurcación después del episodio del Mariel en marzo de 1980. Examinamos las razones de la ruptura entre los primeros grupos de exiliados cubanos que llegaron en los 1960–1970, y los refugiados que llegaron después. Basándonos en datos censales, hemos documentado la evolución económica de la población cubana y cubana-estadounidense del área metropolitana de Miami, la división significativa en ingresos a favor de los empresarios, y la diferencia en los ingresos personales y familiares entre cubanos llegados antes de 1980, sus hijos, y aquellos que llegaron después de esta fecha. También analizamos las razones por las cuales a los cubanos que llegaron cuando el Mariel y después les ha ido mucho peor como empresarios y trabajadores en el mercado de trabajo de Miami. La educación alcanzada y adaptación social de sus hijos nacidos en los Estados Unidos, la segunda generación, son documentados basados en información obtenida del Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study (CILS).
Former Slum Dwellers, the Communist Youth, and the Lewis Project in Cuba, 1969–1971
Authors: Guerra Lillian
Published: August 2015

Este artículo examina un proyecto de historia oral entre ex-residentes de barriadas habaneras, que los antropólogos estadounidenses Oscar y Ruth Lewis dirigieron desde 1969 hasta 1971 en Buena Ventura (seudónimo), un reparto de viviendas nuevas creadas luego de la Revolución. Este trabajo revela el interés del gobierno cubano en aprovechar la obra de Oscar Lewis para vigilar y evaluar ideológicamente a los más empobrecidos e, irónicamente, menos políticamente activos y agradecidos ciudadanos, y también a los Lewis mismos. Indagando sobre el efecto que la visión política y la misión de inteligencia de los Jóvenes Comunistas pudieron haber tenido sobre sus conversaciones con los ex-residentes de barriadas, este estudio demuestra como ciudadanos rehusaron esfuerzos estatales por imponer la narrativa de inclusión harmónica y empoderamiento de la Revolución sobre su experiencia e identidad, creativa y consistentemente replicando las formulas centralizadas, verticales y, muchas veces, racistas, que adoptaba el estado en la vida cotidiana por liberar a los cubanos.
A Century of Work: Reconstructing Mazorra, 1857–1959
Authors: Lambe Jennifer
Published: August 2015

Este ensayo analiza la historia de Mazorra, el único hospital psiquiátrico público en Cuba hasta la revolución de 1959, a través del lente de trabajo. Propone seguir la evolución de la idea de trabajo como tratamiento desde la fundación del asilo en 1857 hasta la administración revolucionaria del doctor Eduardo Bernabé Ordaz, con un estudio detenido de una intervención emprendida en Mazorra después de la última guerra de independencia. Aunque interpretaciones tanto populares como oficiales han interpretado la ergoterapia como una innovación propia de Ordaz y la revolución, este artículo plantea que el trabajo representa un tema perenne en la historia del hospital, a partir de su conexión umbilical al complejo del azúcar y la esclavitud en la Cuba del siglo XIX. Por tanto, el artículo sostiene que un paradigma centrado en la cuestión de cambio versus continuidad y localizado exclusivamente en el momento de 1959 no representa fielmente la historia compleja, y poco lineal, del Hospital de Mazorra.
Approaching Change and Changelessness in the Historiography of Cuba
Authors: Pérez Louis
Published: August 2015

These papers were prepared for the roundtable “Cuban Historiography: Trends, Themes, Debates,” LASA 2013, Washington, DC. The roundtable sought to gather a group of historians based in Cuba and abroad. Using different perspectives and approaches, defined along thematic, generational and methodological lines, these papers assess some of the most important changes and continuities that have characterized the historiography of Cuba during the past twenty years.
Professional Dantology and the Human Significance of Dante Studies
Authors: Franke William
Published: August 2015

This review essay examines the work of Justin Steinberg as exemplary of humanities scholarship that, while firmly ensconced in the specialized discipline of Dante Studies, nevertheless has considerable potential for addressing audiences and issues of much wider scope concerning the nature of justice and the epistemology of the law. Intertwined with these themes, Steinberg’s case is used to probe some of the limits imposed by professionalization in the academy on the freedom of spirit on which humanities studies nevertheless depend in order to thrive.
Overcoming Barriers to Justice in the Age of Human Rights Accountability
Authors: Payne Leigh A. , Lessa Francesca , Pereira Gabriel
Published: August 2015

Amnesty laws are viewed as a main barrier to justice for past human rights violations. Scholars and practitioners expected the age of human rights accountability to reduce the number or coverage of amnesty laws that block human rights trials. Based on analysis of an original database of amnesty laws and trials, this article questions that outcome. Few discernible patterns regarding amnesty laws and accountability emerge; human rights trials are nearly as likely in the absence of amnesty laws or where partial laws in compliance with international standards and noncompliant blanket amnesty laws exist. Most of the countries that have overcome the amnesty law barriers to justice are in Latin America. This article thus uses the region to identify a multidimensional approach to pathways to overcome impunity and promote justice for past human rights violations. It considers policy recommendations to strengthen four factors that have advanced accountability in the region: civil society demand, international pressure, judicial leadership, and the absence of veto players.
Beyond Strategic Rape and Between the Public and Private: Violence Against Women in Armed Conflict
Authors: Swaine Aisling
Published: August 2015

This study gets to the heart of examining what counts as conflict-related gender violence under international law. Using empirical research from Liberia, Northern Ireland and Timor-Leste, the study specifically explores and explains variance beyond strategic sexualized violence employed in some conflicts, to analyze the ways that private individualistic violence is influenced by conflict across the three case studies. Proposing a set of variables as possible determinants of wide-ranging forms of violence, the study proposes that on a continuum of “political public violence” to “endemic private violence,” there are forms of violence that may sit somewhere “in-between.” The analysis queries where this “in-between”’ violence should fit in the thresholds provided by law and what consideration should be given to the political and private violence nexus that the research demonstrates.
The Rise of China and International Human Rights Law
Authors: Ahl Björn
Published: August 2015

This study focuses on the Universal Periodic Review of the United Nations Human Rights Council in order to investigate the impact of China’s official human rights position on international human rights discourses. China’s Review, including its National Report, the Chinese government’s reactions to statements and recommendations on its domestic human rights situation, as well as its statements and recommendations on other states under review are investigated in order to find out whether China is able to project successfully its official human rights view on the international arena.
The Ethics of the Perfect Man: Maurice Blanchot and Ibn ͑Arabi
Authors: Moradi Hossein
Published: August 2015

For Maurice Blanchot, the ethical relationship is to be sought not in the developmental and self-reflexive movement of acquiring identity dialectically in the relationship between one entity and the other, but rather in the productive process of attaching and distancing. This makes a neutral relationship in which the human remains in between, in the back and forward movement exploring abyssally his/her own existential potentiality without being reduced into the social or the transcendental purpose. This argument corresponds with Ibn ͑Arabi’s ethics concerning the notion of the perfect man. The perfect man does not carry out perfection by acquiring all of God’s attributes but he/she becomes a neutral space, barzakh , within which God makes a relationship among His attributes through which entities are created. In this sense, the perfect man becomes the very relationship , the medium through which God presents Himself. Beyond the moral and mystical relationship in which the human is striving after God, the perfect man is simultaneously within and outside God.
Selecting a Spiritual Authority: The Maraji͑ al-Taqlid among First- and Second-Wave Iraqi Shi͑a Muslims in Dearborn, Michigan
Authors: Cappucci John
Published: August 2015

This paper seeks to determine which maraji͑ al-taqlid , or sources of emulation, are followed by Iraqi Shi͑a Muslims living in Dearborn, Michigan and the reasons why they have selected these spiritual authorities. The results of the study reveal that the majority of participants have decided to follow the quietist clerics of the school of Najaf, particularly the late Ayatollah Abu al-Qasim Khu͗i and Ayatollah ͑Ali Sistani. The selection of these two prominent clerics is based on the participants’ intention to emulate the religious lifestyle described by ‘the most knowledgeable clerics’ in the Shi͑a hierarchy. However, while most participants selected these two prominent clerics, there were other expected and unexpected selections. The study is useful as it provides a glimpse into the religiosity of the community by considering their choice of spiritual authority.
Dodging and Embracing Young Adulthood in Kevin Major’s Hold Fast and Justin Simms’s Film Adaptation: “Run, Run, You Crazy Fool of a Son”
Authors: Bell Katherine
Published: August 2015

This paper reads Kevin Major’s novel Hold Fast and Justin Simms’s recent film adaptation according to the regional context of their creation and the wider national and global context of their distribution. It explores how shifting understandings of both region and genre underpin and orient interpretations of young adulthood in these texts. While both print and screen texts allow for fantasies of the putative persistence of childishness into young adulthood in pastoral Atlantic Canada, they also encode countervailing critical insights into the complex socio-historical realities of the region. It argues for the importance of understanding protagonist Michael’s youth and agency in relation to these realities.
Zygmunt Bauman, Postmodern Ethics, and Utopia as Process in Suzanne Collins’s The Hunger Games : “It’s the First Gift That’s Always the Hardest to Pay Back”
Authors: Jansen Brian
Published: August 2015

Beginning with the observation that young adult literature has been the subject of ethical criticism from multiple sides of the ideological spectrum and drawing on Roberta Seelinger Trites’s argument that this body of work is a postmodern phenomenon, this article interrogates whether young adult literature is a morally compromised genre from the start or whether there is not a morally constructive framework through which young adult novels might be viewed productively. Using the first novel of Suzanne Collins’s Hunger Games trilogy as a case study, this paper proposes a heuristic that borrows from the postmodern (or “liquid modern”) ethics of sociologist Zygmunt Bauman. Bauman, who interprets Emmanuel Levinas’s “ethics of ethics” as a descriptive, phenomenological, existential exercise, rejects absolutes in favour of process and an emphasis on the urge to “be-for” the Other. Through the lens of Bauman’s ethics, this paper analyzes Katniss Everdeen’s journey as a processual one, toward the end of an active moral urge.
The Canonical Day and Liturgical Day: Possible Conflicts in their Interpretation and Application
Authors: Bona Richard
Published: August 2015

The current ecclesial legislation recognizes two differing concepts: canonical day (c. 202 §1) and liturgical day. How did the Church come to differentiate between these two and what are the exact differences? The first two parts of this article attempt to answer these queries by tracing the historical development of the termini a quo and ad quem for the canssue onical and liturgical day respectively. The article examines the historical and legislative evidence dispersed throughout the centuries, commencing with the Early Church. The final part of the article considers the concurrence of two Mass obligations (Sunday and a holy day of obligation) during the same evening. Can one fulfill these two obligations by participating in one Mass only? Using this concrete example, the article analyzes canon 1248 §1 and the principles and theories used to determine the application of the respective definitions of the day and the resolution of possible conflicts.
The Relation between the Apostolic Signatura and the Particular Churches
Authors: Burke Raymond Leo Cardinal
Published: August 2015

The author addresses the relation between the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura and the local or particular Churches. First, he sets the context in which the subject must be addressed. Then, he addresses the various areas of competence of the Apostolic Signatura in relation to the local Church, with special attention to its competence as an administrative tribunal and as the dicastery which “ensures that justice in the Church is correctly administered.” Finally, in his treatment of the competence for the correct administration of justice in the Church, the author provides a longer reflection on the process for the declaration of nullity of marriage, a topic of special discussion during the time of preparation for the upcoming III Extraordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops. Special reference is made to question 4f of the Preparatory Document Pastoral Challenges to the Family in the Context of Evangelization . The reflection is a particular fruit of the long experience of the Apostolic Signatura in the care for the correct administration of justice in the Church.
Lack of Faith and Its Effect on the Validity of the Matrimonial Consent of the Baptized
Authors: Boccafola Kenneth E.
Published: August 2015

In this article, the author examines the lack of faith and its effects on the validity of the matrimonial consent of the baptized. The question can be presented as follows: If one lacks faith in marriage as a sacrament, how can he or she celebrate the sacrament validly? He starts first by recalling certain principles of the papal magisterium which then have been elaborated in Rotal jurisprudence. The question as such is not new: it was also alluded to in certain propositions discussed by the International Theological Commission in their meeting of 1977. The available information on the two synods on the family (2014 and 2015) seems to indicate that there is a renewed or ongoing interest in the theme.
Posthuman Wounds: Trauma, Non-Anthropocentric Vulnerability, and the Human/Android/Animal Dynamic in Philip K. Dick’s Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?
Authors: Vinci Tony M.
Published: August 2015

Despite Philip K. Dick’s penetrating portrayal of trauma in his most recognized work, Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep ? (1968), most critics avoid this topic, debating instead the novel’s treatment of “authentic” human subjectivity. To address this gap, this article aligns the novel’s much discussed binaries—human/android, authentic/artificial—with the its principal but overlooked concerns: trauma and ethics. Dick uses his fictional post-apocalyptic culture to articulate and critique cultural practices of trauma-deferment, which displace the effects of trauma onto the illusory model of a testable, privileged anthropocentric humanism. These deferment practices postpone the realization that the human has always already been the posthuman . In order to keep the myth of human exceptionalism alive, the animal and the android become part of an ideological dialectic that defers traumatic experience by reifying the essential human as superior to the android (who cannot empathize) and empathetic toward the animal (whose vulnerability necessitates human care). Engaging recent developments in posthuman theory, I argue that, in Do Androids Dream ?, unmediated traumatic encounters perform a temporary erasure of the essentialized human subject, which, in turn, opens humans up to trans-subjective engagements with the android and the animal that facilitate a radical posthuman ethics of expansive vulnerability.
The Art of Hybridity: Maryse Condé’s Tituba
Authors: Ortega Gema
Published: August 2015

This paper analyses Maryse Condé’s I, Tituba, Black Witch of Salem as a narrative of identity shaped by nomadism, exile, and intercultural encounters. I argue that Tituba’s constant movement challenges the rigid boundaries imposed by traditional forms of identification. This movement is not limited to space, since the narrative is cyclical and contrapuntal. Therefore, the psychological, spatial, and temporal wanderings of Tituba reveal a sense of being that is hybrid, in Bakhtinian terms. She transcends socially prescribed identities based on static conceptualizations of time, place, community, race, gender, and language. Tituba is what Bakhtin calls, “an act of becoming.” She affirms a dialogic and ever-changing sense of self, which is free from external and monologic narratives of identification.
The Future in the Pasture: Pastoral Precarity in George Saunders’s “Interior Gardens”
Authors: Garnett Catherine
Published: August 2015

Through a close reading of several short stories by George Saunders, including “Pastoralia” and “The Semplica Girl Diaries,” this essay reconsiders the uses of pastoral to the representation of precarious work arrangements and a critique of neoliberal ideology. Rooted in the poetry of ancient Greece and Rome, the pastoral literary tradition celebrates the life of rural simplicity and repose, especially as contrasted with courtly sophistication and/or statecraft. Although such basic markers of the pastoral style as idyllic landscape, leisurely atmosphere, and the presence of a rustic country figure would seem frankly to be remote from our contemporary moment (where post-industrial settings exhibit no easy distinction between urban and rural living and technological reach precludes removal from the business of civil society), I argue that for Saunders pastoral is an aesthetic system especially suited to the project of capturing life in a post-globalization world, and the changing nature of the work that sustains it.
Portrait of the Father as a Gay Man: A New Story About Gay Aging in Mike Mills’s Beginners
Authors: Hess Linda M.
Published: August 2015

This article, locating itself at the crossroads of aging studies and queer studies, analyzes the representation of queer aging in Mike Mills’ film Beginners (2010). Focusing on the film as one of the first fictional narratives to offer a complex depiction of an aging gay man, the analysis shows that the narrative counteracts the invisibility of aging LGBT persons as well as the stereotypes that generally accompany fictional representations of aging. Exploring the film’s connections to the field of life writing, and its narrative structures and techniques in particular, I argue that the narrative not only deconstructs the ubiquitous Western narrative of aging as decline, but also creates a new story of queer aging by highlighting the influence of cultural discourses on narrative identity.
Franz Liszt’s Songs: A Discography and Examination of Recordings
Authors: Vitalino Michael
Published: August 2015

Franz Liszt’s contributions to nineteenth-century art song are often overlooked in light of his contemporaries’ works. As one of the most influential and widely discussed musicians of the romantic era, it is astonishing that his sizable body of 127 songs remains unknown. Several performers have worked to correct this unfortunate situation, producing admirable recordings in hopes of gaining Liszt recognition as a lieder composer. Despite their efforts, Liszt’s songs remain a tangent in musical activities of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. To mitigate this situation, I present the first discography of Liszt’s songs to call attention to their artistic merit and to highlight the opportunities they present musicians. In this article, I present important information pertaining to Liszt’s song oeuvre to give readers some context for evaluating trends in recording. Awareness of the issues these works present for musicians is vital to understand the significance of a detailed discography. Moreover, musicians can benefit from this catalog since it addresses specific works that merit further attention. Lastly, I provide a summary of those recordings that are essential for any library or musician to obtain if they wish to own a near-complete audio collection of Liszt’s entire oeuvre.