bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of Photocatalytic Degradation and Simultaneous Removal of a
Mixture of Pollutant (MB and MG) Dyes: Kinetic and Adsorption Isotherm
Authors: Vaya Dipti , Kaushik Pritam , K  Rao Gyaneshwer
Published: November 2022

Background:

The major challenges faced by developing countries are the issues associated with various pollutants, such as dyes, pesticides, heavy metals, etc. Various materials and methods are available for the removal of these pollutants. Major research works have been performed on single pollutants, and rarely any research literature is available for a mixture of pollutants. This is one of the major reasons to carry out our research work in this field.

Objectives:

This study aimed to develop an efficient ZnO/GO nanocomposite as a photocatalyst, characterize it by PXRD, FT-IR, and TGA, and evaluate its catalytic activity by degradation of MG, MB and a mixture of both

Methods:

In this study, GO was synthesized by the modified Hummers method. In this method, graphite powder was mixed with sulphuric acid and NaNO3. Then KMnO4 solution was added under continuous stirring. Excess KMnO4 was removed by H2O2 and the colour of the solution turned to be dark yellow. After proper washing and maintaining pH, the resulting material was dried at 60°C for 12h to obtain GO.
GO was dispersed in ethanol, and 0.387g Zn(CH3COO)2.2H2O was added to it. The resulting mixture was sonicated, and a solution of NH3 was added very slowly by maintaining the pH of the solution at ~7. The resulting product was dried at 80°C and then calcined at 500 °C for 2.5 h to get ZnO/GO nanocomposite.

Results:

The photodegradation of MG, MB and a mixture of MG and MB was found to be 92.23%, 35.96%, and 66.22%, respectively, in 4−5 h. The degradation of the dyes was found to follow Second-order kinetics with a multilayer absorption phenomenon.

Conclusion:

MB showed less degradation as compared to MG, but its photocatalytic activity enhanced after adding MG. This ZnO/GO nanocomposite seems to be a potential candidate to address the challenges associated with multi-pollutants, such as dyes.
Biomarkers For the Diagnosis of Depression: Recent Updates
Authors: Santosh Kore Mikhil , S. Prabhavalkar Kedar
Published: November 2022

Depression, or major depressive disorder, is a mental illness that significantly affects psychosocial functioning and reduces the quality of one’s life. The annual incidence of depression throughout the globe is around 6%. The disorder should be diagnosed at a particular stage for the treatment to be designed. Biomarkers can help to do so with objective pieces of evidence. Various biomarkers like Imaging biomarkers, Molecular biomarkers, Transcriptomic biomarkers, Genetic biomarkers, Neuroendocrine, and Inflammatory biomarkers can be used to diagnose depression. The use of digital sensors has also been reported recently for the determination of depression. This review summarizes various biomarkers to diagnose depression. Further recent updates and related clinical trials are included.
Benefits of Early Implementation of Enteral Feeding in Ventilated COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review of Current Literature
Authors: Tucker Kelsey Dakota , Johnson Steven Wesley , Johnson Teresa , Hurt John
Published: November 2022

Introduction:

COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) has swept destruction across the world and continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality. For critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation enteral feeding is typically required for nutritional support.

Method:

Due to the novelty of this virus, protocols have been aimed to mimic Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) patient nutritional support. There is limited data around the benefits of early enteral nutritional support for mechanically ventilated patients.

Result:

Data from two studies evaluated the use of enteral nutrition protocols in critically ill COVID-19 patients and revealed only minor significant differences in hospital course between early and late enteral feeding. There were better outcomes overall for COVID-19 patients who were able to tolerate enteral feeding compared to patients who were intolerant of enteral feeding.

Conclusion:

Future studies involving a baseline nutritional assessment may help clinicians better understand the role of early enteral nutrition support among mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients.
Equality of competencies for diploma 3 mechanical engineering study program graduates of Bali State Polytechnic (BSP) with the competencies needed by the world of work in Bali
Authors: Darma I Ketut , Suastawa I Wayan , Putrawan I Made Agus
Published: November 2022

This study aims to: 1) determine the level of competency equality in the curriculum of the Diploma 3 Mechanical Engineering Study Program at the State Polytechnic with the competencies needed by the world of work. 2) find out the level of competency gap in the D3 Mechanical Engineering BSP study program curriculum with the competencies needed by the world of work in Bali. The research was conducted at the Bali State Polytechnic, using a mixed quantitative and qualitative descriptive method. The subjects are alumni who have worked, industry leaders where alumni work, and teaching lecturers in the Mechanical Engineering department. Samples were taken using Snowball Sampling. Data were collected through a survey using a questionnaire and analyzed descriptively. The results of the analysis show that the level of equality of the D3 Mechanical Engineering study program curriculum in PNB with the competencies required by the world of work in Bali reaches 78.24% in the high category, and 2) the competency gap level in the D3 Mechanical Engineering BSP study program curriculum with the competencies required by the working world in Bali ranges from 8.94%.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN KONSENTRASI ASAP CAIR PADA PERENDAMAN IKAN BADA (RASBORA ARGYROTAENIA) TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK IKAN ASAP
Authors:   Universitas Dharma Andalas, Erdiman Ilham Syukri , Wijayanti Ruri ,   Universitas Dharma Andalas, Kasim Anwar ,   Universitas Andalas
Published: November 2022

Tujuan penelitian yakni mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh perbedaan tingkat konsentrasi asap cair pada perendaman ikan bada terhadap karakteristik ikan bada asap, dan mengetahui konsentrasi asap cair yang cocok pada perendaman ikan bada untuk pembuatan ikan bada asap. Rancangan yang digunakan yaitu RAL dimana perlakuan perbedaan konsentrasi asap cair saat perendaman yakni A (konsentrasi 1%), B (konsentrasi 2%), C (konsentrasi 3%), D (konsentrasi 4%), E (konsentrasi 5%) dan 3 kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan konsentrasi asap cair tempurung kelapa memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap kadar lemak, kadar protein, kadar fenol, kadar air, sedangkan pada pH tidak berpengaruh nyata. Hasil pengujian terhadap ikan bada asap didapatkan kadar fenol 25.10mgGAE/gr - 104.16 mgGAE/gr, kadar air 8.02% - 11.54%, kadar protein 55.83%, kadar lemak 11.50 – 16.04 %, kadar pH 6.53 – 6.63. Konsentrasi asap cair terbaik yaitu pada perlakuan D = 4%. Tujuan penelitian yakni mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh perbedaan tingkat konsentrasi asap cair pada perendaman ikan bada terhadap karakteristik ikan bada asap, dan mengetahui konsentrasi asap cair yang cocok pada perendaman ikan bada untuk pembuatan ikan bada asap. Rancangan yang digunakan yaitu RAL dimana perlakuan perbedaan konsentrasi asap cair saat perendaman yakni A (konsentrasi 1%), B (konsentrasi 2%), C (konsentrasi 3%), D (konsentrasi 4%), E (konsentrasi 5%) dan 3 kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan konsentrasi asap cair tempurung kelapa memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap kadar lemak, kadar protein, kadar fenol, kadar air, sedangkan pada pH tidak berpengaruh nyata. Hasil pengujian terhadap ikan bada asap didapatkan kadar fenol 25.10mgGAE/gr - 104.16 mgGAE/gr, kadar air 8.02% - 11.54%, kadar protein 55.83%, kadar lemak 11.50 – 16.04 %, kadar pH 6.53 – 6.63. Konsentrasi asap cair terbaik yaitu pada perlakuan D = 4%.
PENGARUH SUBSTITUSI TEPUNG TERIGU DENGAN TEPUNG KACANG GUDE (CAJANUS CAJAN L.) PADA PRODUK CRACKERS DAN POTENSINYA UNTUK MAKANAN DIET
Authors:   Universitas Brawijaya, Calista Rizky Ayu Diella , Wulan Siti Narsito ,   Universitas Brawijaya, Murtini Erni Sofia ,   Universitas Brawijaya
Published: November 2022

Kacang gude merupakan salah satu sumber antioksidan potensial yang memiliki tingkat serat makanan, mineral total, vitamin C, kandungan fenolik dan kapasitas anti radikal bebas lebih tinggi serta kadar lemak dan indeks glikemik lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kacang – kacangan lainnya. Formulasi produk dalam bentuk crackers dengan substitusi tepung kacang gude dapat menjadi alternatif makanan fungsional dalam pencegahan obesitas. Faktor utama dalam pencegahan obesitas adalah pengontrolan rasa kenyang dan rasa lapar. Salah satu hormon yang dapat digunakan pada dua faktor tersebut yaitu kolesistokinin (CCK). Penelitian ini menggunakan RAL empat faktor tingkat substitusi tepung kacang gude pada crackers yaitu sebesar 0% (kontrol), 10%, 15%, dan 20%. Formulasi crackers terbaik didapatkan pada substitusi 20% yang memiliki kandungan lemak rendah dan kandungan serat serta protein yang tinggi sehingga dapat berkontribusi pada respon CCK yang lebih tinggi pula. Selain itu, crackers terpilih mendapatkan hasil analisa kimia dan penerimaan responden yang lebih baik pula.
Dinámica del crecimiento en bosques templados del sur de Nuevo León, México
Authors: Manzanilla Quijada Gyorgy Eduardo , Treviño Garza Eduardo Javier , Aguirre Calderón Oscar Alberto , Alanís Rodríguez Eduardo , Yerena Yamallel José Israel , Mata Balderas José Manuel
Published: November 2022

Las evaluaciones de los parámetros dasométricos son importantes para conocer la dinámica de los bosques a través del tiempo. Se evaluó el crecimiento de las variables arbóreas de bosques naturales de clima templado en el sur de Nuevo León, México. Para ello, se analizó el comportamiento de parámetros dasométricos relacionados con las dimensiones del arbolado. Se realizaron registros de todos los individuos con diámetro normal mayor o igual a 7.5 cm, en parcelas permanentes de investigación forestal; la primera evaluación se hizo en 2013 y la segunda en 2018. A las variables dasométricas se les realizó una prueba de comparación de medias dependientes (t-Student) entre evaluaciones. Las variables dasométricas mostraron incrementos significativos (p > 0.05) en las evaluaciones correspondientes en los dos tiempos de medición, lo que sugiere un rendimiento continuo. Por esto, si en el futuro se aplica un tratamiento silvícola, aumentaría su productividad maderable.
Implementasi kurikulum 2013 Pendidikan Jasmani Olahraga dan Kesehatan (PJOK) SD di Kabupaten Magelang
Authors: Susanta Agus Budi
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan hambatan-hambatan dan faktor pendukung dalam implementasi Kurikulum 2013 PJOK SD di Kabupaten Magelang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber penelitian adalah guru PJOK SD di sekolah yang mengimplementasikan Kurikulum 2013 di Kabupaten Magelang. Objek dalam penelitian ini adalah persiapan pemerintah/sekolah dalam implementasi Kurikulum 2013, perencanaan, proses pelaksanaan, penilaian dalam pembelajaran serta buku teks dan sarana prasarana di sekolah. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini adalah peneliti itu sendiri dengan menggunakan alat bantu yaitu pedoman wawancara, dan dokumen/arsip. Data dianalisis menggunakan reduksi data, display data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Uji keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi teknik dan sumber. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, 1) Guru sudah diberikan pelatihan-pelatihan oleh pemerintah tentang Kurikulum 2013 dan kemampuan mengoperasionalkan komputer, 2) Pelatihan khusus untuk guru PJOK belum ada,  3) Dalam pelaksanaan implementasi Kurikulum 2013 masih ada guru yang terkendala dalam berkomunikasi, 4) Guru masih mengalami kesulitan dalam melakukan penilaian, 5) Buku khusus untuk buku PJOK dalam kurikulum 2013 belum tersedia, dan  6) Hampir tiap sekolahan tidak memiliki halaman yang layak disebut sebagai lapangan olahraga. The implementation of curriculum 2013 for Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PESH) in elementary schools in Magelang regency Abstract: This study aims to reveal constraints and factors supporting the implementation of Curriculum 2013 of PESH in elementary schools (ESs) in the Magelang Regency. This was a descriptive qualitative study. The data sources were PESH teachers of ESs implementing Curriculum 2013 in Magelang Regency. The research objects included the government/school preparation for the implementation of Curriculum 2013, planning, implementation process, learning assessment, textbooks, and school infrastructure facilities. The research instrument was the researcher himself supplemented by interview guides and documents/archives. The data were analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The data trustworthiness was enhanced by technique and source triangulations. The research findings are as follows (1) In the planning of the implementation of Curriculum 2013 and the training on computer operation, (2) In the training there has not been special training for PESH teachers. 3) In the implementation of Curriculum 2013, in the learning process some teachers find constraints in the communication, 4) Teachers still encounter difficulties in the assessment, and 5) Textbooks based on Curriculum 2013 are not available yet. 6) Almost all schools do not have yards appropriate for sports fields.
Analisis teknik jalan cepat atlet Indonesia
Authors: Asih Margi , Lumintuarso Ria
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja gerak teknik jalan cepat atlet Indonesia melalui analisis biomekanika olahraga di Jakarta tahun 2015. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan variabel gerak teknik jalan cepat. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu: (1) angket, yang berisi kisi-kisi analisis kinerja gerak teknik jalan cepat yang telah divalidasi oleh ahli biomekanika dan ahli atletik, (2) kamera, untuk melakukan pengamatan. Subjek penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah atlet yang mengikuti Kejurnas atletik di Jakarta tahun 2015 yang berjumlah 18 atlet putra dan 11 atlet putri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja gerak teknik jalan cepat atlet indonesia berada pada kategori baik. Kinerja atlet putra pada front support phase berada pada kategori baik. Kinerja back support phase berada pada kategori baik. Kinerja double support phase berada pada kategori cukup baik. Kinerja atlet putri pada front support phase berada pada kategori baik. Kinerja back support phase berada pada kategori baik. Kinerja double support phase berada pada kategori baik. An analysis of Indonesian athletes’ race walking Abstract: This study aimed to analyze the performance of Indonesian athletes’ race walking technique movements through a sports biomechanics analysis in Jakarta in 2015. This was a quantitative descriptive study in which the variable was race walking technique movements. The instruments included: (1) a questionnaire containing a grid of an analysis of the performance of race walking technique movements that had been validated by a biomechanics expert and an athletics expert, and (2) a camera to conduct observations. The research subjects were race walking athletes joining the National Athletics Competition in Jakarta in 2015 with a total of 18 male athletes and 11 female athletes. The results of the study showed that the performance of Indonesian athletes’ race walking technique movements was good. The male athletes’ performance in the front support phase techniques was good. The back support phase techniques were good. The double support phase was techniques moderately good. The female athletes’ performance in the front support phase techniques was good. The back support phase techniques were good. The double support phase techniques were good.
Pengembangan alat bantu belajar gerak teknik dasar servis tenis untuk yunior pemula
Authors: Gani Ismail
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan sebuah alat bantu belajar teknik servis tenis yang efektif untuk meningkatkan teknik servis yunior pemula, yang memenuhi syarat edukatif, teknis, dan estetis. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dan pengembangan dengan tahapan meliputi menggali potensi dan masalah, pengumpulan informasi, rancangan produk, pembuatan produk, validasi produk, revisi produk, uji skala kecil, uji skala besar dan uji efektivitas. Subjek pada uji skala kecil terdiri dari dua orang pelatih dan delapan yunior pemula. Subjek pada skala besar terdiri dari empat pelatih tenis DIY, dan tiga belas yunior pemula. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alat bantu servis yang dikembangkan berdasarkan syarat edukatif, teknik, dan estetika. Alat bantu servis yang dikembangkan dinyatakan layak oleh ahli tenis, ahli teknologi pembelajaran, ahli teknologi dan rekayasa dengan kategori “baik”, serta oleh pelatih dan yunior pemula dengan kategori “baik”. Alat bantu servis efektif untuk meningkatkan teknik servis yunior pemula dengan hasil kenaikan dengan rerata sebesar 13,06. Developing a learning aid to basic motions in tennis service techniques for junior beginners AbstractThis study aims to produce a learning aid to effective tennis service techniques to improve the serving techniques of junior beginners, relevant to the educational, technical, and esthetic requirements. This was a research and development study using the steps of potential and problem investigation, information collection, product design, product making, product validation, product revision, small-scale appropriateness testing, large-scale appropriateness testing, and effectiveness testing. The subjects in the small-scale testing were two coaches and eight junior beginners. The subjects in the large-scale testing were four tennis coaches of Yogyakarta Special Region and 13 junior beginners. The results of the study show that the junior beginner service aid is developed on the basis of the rules of educative, technical, and esthetic requirements. The developed service aid is appropriate for the tennis experts, learning technology experts,  engineering experts with a good category, and a good category from the coaches and junior beginners. The serving aid is effective to improve junior beginners’ service techniques with an improvement of 13.06.
Vulnerability and Resilience: An Attempt to Theorize
Authors: Bénard Fiona
Published: November 2022

In the context of resource depletion and global warming, the energy transition has become a necessity. To provide a basis for analysis and to support countries in this transition, it is necessary to better understand this transition. The creation of a good measurement tool could help. This paper proposes a measure of national resilience through an analogy to kinetic energy. Preliminary results show that some countries have strong potential for resilience in the energy transition. Inequalities exist and still exist in terms of accessibility to energy but the energy transition could generate an interesting catch-up for the most vulnerable countries. Finally, the impulse of the transition seems to be easier than the completion of this transition.
Web-Based Short Video Intervention and Short Message Comparison of Repeat Blood Donation Behavior Based on an Extended Theory of Planned Behavior: Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial Study
Authors: Hu Qiuyue , Hu Wei , Han Wenjuan , Pan Lingling
Published: November 2022

Background

Although blood is an indispensable and important resource for clinical treatment, an imbalance between supply and demand may occur as the population ages and diversifies. Studies indicate that repeat blood donors are safe blood sources because of their voluntary blood donation education and frequent blood screening. However, the high rate of reduction in the number of first-time voluntary blood donors and low rate of repeated blood donation are common problems worldwide.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an intervention in nonregular blood donors using web-based videos and SMS text messages, in which the former was guided by the extended theory of planned behavior, to discover effective intervention methods to improve repeat blood donation rates among nonregular blood donors.

Methods

A total of 692 nonregular blood donors in Zhejiang province were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. The control group received regular, short reminder messages for a 6-month period, whereas the intervention group received web-based videos on the WeChat platform. The intervention group was guided by an extended theory of planned behavior, which included 9 factors: the respondents’ attitude, subjective behavioral norms, perceived behavioral control, the willingness to donate blood, outcome expectations, self-identity, blood donation–related anxiety, cognition of the blood donation environment, and previous blood donation experience. The intervention group was divided into 2 stages: those with an intervention at 3 months and those with a follow-up 3 months later. After 6 months, the redonation rate was evaluated for the 2 groups, and the scale in the intervention group was determined both before and after the intervention. A t test, chi-square test, logistic stepwise regression, and ANOVA were performed.

Results

The intervention group’s redonation rate was 16.14%, which was significantly higher than the control group’s redonation rate of 5.16%; P<.001. Men who were aged 31 to 45 years and had donated blood twice had a higher redonation rate after the web-based video intervention than after the SMS text messages; P<.05. The repeat donors’ improved blood donation anxiety (P=.01), outcome expectations (P=.008), and cognition of the blood donation environment (P=.005) after the intervention were significantly higher than those of the nonrepeat donors.

Conclusions

The web-based short video intervention based on the extended theory of planned behavior can effectively improve redonation rates. Outcome expectations, blood donation anxiety, and cognition of the blood donation environment can directly influence irregular blood donors to redonate blood.
Meeting the Burden of Self-management: Qualitative Study Investigating the Empowering Behaviors of Patients and Informal Caregivers
Authors: Scott Duncan Therese , Engström Jon , Riggare Sara , Hägglund Maria , Koch Sabine
Published: November 2022

Background

Patient empowerment is an important concept and a movement toward person-centered care of patients with chronic conditions. Nevertheless, to date, most research on empowered patients or informal caregivers has been conducted from a narrow clinical perspective. Such research has mainly focused on how health care professionals can empower patients to increase self-care or compliance with treatment. Research on empowered patient and informal caregiver needs and self-empowering activities is scarce.

Objective

We aimed to explore empowering behaviors from a patient and informal caregiver perspective in the context of self-management and to understand how health care can support such behaviors better.

Methods

We used an exploratory, qualitative study design. A total of 15 semistructured interviews and 6 focus group interviews were conducted with 48 patients and informal caregivers. We analyzed the interviews using thematic analysis and used a directed content analysis to analyze the focus group interviews.

Results

A total of 14 patterns of empowering behaviors were identified that were characterized by several exploratory and influencing activities performed by the participants. The participants expressed a desire to be more active in their care than what is expected and supported by health care professionals. The participants also desired better support for activities imposed on them by health care professionals.

Conclusions

To enable a transformation of the health care system to better support self-empowering behaviors, there is a need to develop self-management approaches from a patient and informal caregiver perspective.
Leading Project teams: The role of leadership styles in dynamic work environment
Authors: Anwer Sanarya Adnan , Mohammad Ahmed Jawhar , Abdulrahman Bryar Sami , Qader Khowanas Saeed , Jamil Diyar Abdulmajeed , Gardi Bayar , Sabah Karkhi Khalid
Published: November 2022

The current study aimed to examine the influence of three different leadership style including (authoritarian leadership style, democratic leadership style, laissez faire leadership style on work environment at selected private businesses in Erbil. The current study applied quantitative research method to measure the developed research hypotheses. The study prepared a questionnaire consists of different sections; including questions regarding to the authoritarian leadership, certain questions regarding to the democratic leadership, moreover several questions regarding to the Laissez-Faire leadership styles and lastly set questions about work environment at private businesses. The findings revealed that the most powerful leadership style with associated with work environment was Laissez-Faire leadership followed by democratic leadership style and the lowest value was for authoritarian leadership style.
Крещение калмыков в Семиречье и его последствия
Authors:   Valikhanov Institute of History and Ethnology (28, Shevchenko St., 050010 Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan), Muhatova Orazgul H. , Kabuldinov Ziyabek E. , Kurmanalina Nurgul N. , Oshan Zhanymkhan
Published: November 2022

Introduction. In the process of territorial expansion, Imperial Russia was seeking to implement internal policies, including that of Christianization. Christian missionary endeavors across Kazakh steppes were to involve not only Kazakh ethnic groups proper but also other populations to have emigrated from China in the 19th century. Goals. The study aims at exploring problems and consequences of Semirechye Kalmyks’ conversion to Orthodox Christianity after their arrival from China, revealing the role of missionaries in that Christianization campaign, determining key techniques and methods employed by the latter, identifying essentials and crucial events to have proved efficient thereto and based on the destruction of indigenous culture, traditions and lifestyle of ethnic groups who had been forced to stay away from their historical roots. Results. The paper analyzes archival sources to examine the history of how China’s emigrant Kalmyks acquired Russian citizenship and converted to Orthodox Christianity in the 1860s–1870s. In the aftermath of the Dungan Revolt, the refugee Kalmyks settled in Qapal, Sarkand, Koksu, Verny, Turgen and other areas of Semirechye. Fertile land plots were allotted for them to conveniently engage in agriculture, gardening and vegetable farming. Another goal was that they were thus to establish close relations with Russian peasants and learn the latter’s language, culture, and peculiarities of the newly adopted faith. Conclusions. The missionary activities and Kalmyks’ conversion to Orthodox Christianity resulted in acculturation characterized by that the newly baptized would often change their personal and family names and receive Russian Cossack peasant clothes in missionary shelters.
Деятельность Калмыцкой комсомольской организации накануне депортации и в период восстановления автономии
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Okonov Baatr A.
Published: November 2022

Introduction. In the immediate aftermath of the Nazi defeat in Kalmykia’s territory, local Komsomol members initiated most essential efforts to restore ruined industrial facilities, buildings of public organizations, schools, took active part in agricultural works and war-supporting activities. Nonetheless, on 28 December 1943 the Kalmyk ASSR was abolished, the whole Kalmyk people were wrongly blamed and deported to Siberia. Goals. The article attempts an analytical insight into activities of Kalmykia’s Komsomol organization before the deportation and in the restoration period. Materials and methods. The study focuses on unpublished documents housed at the National Archive of Kalmykia and periodicals of those years. Results and conclusions. The analysis of archival papers shows despite a limited number of members the Komsomol organization did facilitate a successful revival of the Republic in the post-occupation era. However, the tremendous contribution was ignored when it came to repressions against the Kalmyks in December of 1943. On return from Siberia and during the restoration of autonomy in 1957, there was a slight increase in numbers of Komsomol members who showed great enthusiasm to reconstruct the Republic.
Немцы Калмыкии: вехи истории — вехи судьбы
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Saryaeva Rayma G.
Published: November 2022

Introduction. The 260-year history of Russia Germans is still of interest to researchers. The Germans of Kalmykia, their history, life and culture remain somewhat understudied. Goals. The work aims at revealing circumstances to have surrouned the arrival and strengthening of Germans in Kalmykia, analyzes available sources for an overview of historical milestones experienced by the ethnic group in the Republic. To facilitate this, the paper shall consider reasons of the German immigration to Russia, provide a comprehensive description of the latter, reveal causes of the subsequent deportation and problems of rehabilitation and emigration. Materials. The study investigates archival sources, publications dealing with the history of Russia Germans, periodicals and author’s field data. Results. The analysis of sources yields a history of Kalmykia Germans from their arrival in nomadic territories of Bolshederbetovsky Ulus to the modern era. The perestroika witnessed mass migrations of Kalmykia Germans back to Germany to have resulted from the loss of mother tongue, and harsh economic conditions.
Обряд отрезания «черного языка» и буддийский защитный ритуал (противоречия этических оснований)
Authors:   Gorodovikov Kalmyk State University (11, Pushkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Erendzhenova Yulia Yu.
Published: November 2022

Introduction. The article analyzes the Buddhist protective ritual against slander popular among Kalmyk Buddhists in the form of the rite of cutting off the ‘black tongue’. Despite studies prove a direct connection between the rite and pre-Buddhist beliefs, its practice by clerics who actively promote the Buddhist ideas of compassion and non-violence seems extremely controversial. Goals. The study aims to discover ethical foundations of the rite of cutting off the ‘black tongue’ within the system of Buddhist protective rituals and its potential for personal spiritual development. Materials and methods. The work employs a complex methodology that includes anthropological and interdisciplinary approaches, ethical analysis, hermeneutic method. An important addition is the systematic approach of cultural anthropology according to which the theoretical and methodological significance of Buddhist scholars’ developments should be duly recognized. The study focuses on the Oirat text titled ‘Xara kelen’ and its Russian translations, a Tibetan text of The Noble Mahayana Sutra Entitled ‘Pacification of Black Disputes’. Results. The rite of cutting off the ‘black tongue’ serves to protect from existential problems (disease, failures in study and work, problems in personal relationships, loss of property, etc.) verbally provoked by ill-wishers. The paper clarifies that in the system of Buddhist protective rituals, the rite of cutting off the ‘black tongue’ acquires features of a spiritual practice performed to acquire Buddhist wisdom and develop altruistic intention rather than a religious action as such. If a believer does not understand the essence of the rite, he/she resorts to it in order to eliminate real obstacles allegedly provoked by others — and only in this case the practice of this rite acquires visible contradictions with Buddhist ethics. Conclusions. If one adopts the Buddhist approach to semantic interpretations of protective rituals, the consistency of the rite of cutting off the ‘black tongue’ to Buddhist ethics becomes obvious. With such interpretations and a corresponding practical application, the protective rite can serve a path for personal development of believers.
«Холод на службе человека»: модернизация практик использования криогенных ресурсов в экономике и повседневной жизни сельской Якутии в советский период
Authors:   Institute for Humanities Research and Indigenous Studies of the North, Siberian Branch of the RAS (1, Petrovsky St., 677027 Yakutsk, Russian Federation), Suleymanov Alexander A.
Published: November 2022

Goals. The study attempts a historical and anthropological reconstruction of how cryogenic resources — material objects and forces of nature arising from the realm of cold (ambient temperature below 0 degrees Celsius) — were used in economies and everyday life of rural Yakutia’s communities in the 1920s–1980s. Materials and methods. The work analyzes archival materials, scientific literature and author’s field observations made in settlements of Khangalassky, Megino-Kangalassky, Amginsky, Olyokminsky, Srednekolymsky Districts, and the urban locality of Zhatay (Yakutia, Russia) between 2017 and 2022. The most important elements of the methodological toolkit are basic principles of cryosophy implying analyses of phenomena inherent to the ‘cold world’ from perspectives of their resource potentials. Results. The most important outcome of Soviet modernization — along with collectivization and construction of settlements — proved the emergence of a new force in the process of human interaction with a complex of cryogenic factors — state. While before the 1920s rural dwellers were actually left to themselves, the Soviet era witnessed an extensive involvement of the government in the former’s relationship with cold. This resulted in the parallel existence of two oppositely directed trends. On the one hand, a number of once popular cryogenic practices either faded away or experienced a minimized demand. On the other hand, significance of others not only persisted but increased dramatically. Furthermore, some of the latter evolved to better meet actual needs of Yakutia’s rural communities, new techniques were created and developed to gain preferences from natural and geographic properties of the region. Unification and standardization are important characteristics of the then changes too. During that period, economic practices widespread in central regions of the country were actively introduced and, thus, diminished the diversity of ethnic ‘man-cold’ interaction practices. Supply improvement programs for large settlements led to decreased dependence of life sustenance systems on local resources and accordingly increased roles of communication routes, including winter roads and ice crossings. The emergence of large collective farms in Yakutia — as well as their extensive activities — gave rise to accelerated scales of icehouse construction. The extended areas of the former demanded farmland irrigation systems be as broadened, including with th use of cryogenic resources. Conclusions. Despite all the changes experienced by rural life patterns during the Soviet period of Yakutia’s history, cryogenic resources retained their significance both in the regional economy and everyday life.
Опыт анализа проблемно-разрешительных механизмов в бурятско-русской билингвальной речи
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University (11, Universitetskaya Emb., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia), Bazarzhapova Altana D. , Voeikova Maria D.
Published: November 2022

Introduction. The article analyzes problem-solving mechanisms occurring in Buryat-Russian bilingual oral speech, the former being universal communicative strategies that enable bilinguals to construct and maintain Buryat language communication in the absence of some language resources and skills. Goals. The study attempts an analysis of extensive speech materials that include certain problem-solving mechanisms and aims at describing features of bilingual speech and essentials of social bilingualism from across the territories of ethnic Buryatia, as well as at showing analyses of such mechanisms be rewarding for explorations of Buryat-Russian bilingualism. Material and methods. The work examines recordings (speech narratives) of Tükherig TV Quiz Show (2019–2020) to have been attended by 285 bilinguals from different areas of ethnic Buryatia and with differing Buryat language proficiency levels. Speech portraits of the bilinguals contain details of their speech behavior individually indicating a certain problem faced and a mechanism employed to solve the latter. Reference editions prove instrumental in assessing efficiency of each specific mechanism activated and calculating correlations between age characteristics of the informants and task fulfillment rates, including actual communication language choices. Results. The paper reveals quite a number of various problem-solving mechanisms, identifies their activation reasons and logic. The narratives — though specific enough — make it possible to delineate features of social bilingualism in the region. Conclusions. The observations vividly confirm and illustrate findings of other researchers as to that the region’s communication paradigm is distinctly two-coded, with large layers of Buryat vocabulary remaining passive for Buryat-Russian bilinguals. This results in that though actively used basic words enable bilinguals to generate utterances in Buryat, the latter largely prove inaccurate and demonstrate no semantic diversity.
Синьцзян-ойратские сказители: хранители эпической традиции «Джангара»
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Mandzhieva Bayrta B.
Published: November 2022

Introduction. Despite quite a number of Jangar-related issues have been duly studied, questions pertaining to existence, continuity (transmission) and preservation of the Xinjiang Oirat epic tradition, biographies of jangarchis and their repertoires remain somewhat insufficiently answered by Russia-based folklorists and, thus, seem as relevant enough. Goals. The article attempts an academic insight into the storytelling tradition of Xinjiang Oirat jangarchis, considers geographical borders of the epic, determines the role of a storyteller as bearer, keeper and performer of the epic heritage inherent to China’s Oirats. Materials and methods. The descriptive and comparative methods prove most instrumental in exploring the storytelling tradition of Xinjiang Oirats. The narratives examined are related editions in Oirat (Clear Script), Mongolian, and Kalmyk. Conclusions. Analysis of the Xinjiang Oirat storytelling tradition shows that the Jangar Epic was widely present in all ethnic groups of Xinjiang Oirats — the Torghut, Olet, Tsakhar, Khoshut, Zakhchins, and Uryankhai — throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, each population to have had renown jangarchis of their own with extensive repertoires numbering at least ten (and more) Jangar epic songs. The identified lines and patterns of transmission were clan-oriented. So, many jangarchis learnt epic narratives from storytellers of their clan — fathers, grandfathers, uncles, and brothers. The epic tradition was also contributed to by talented female storytellers who — having been unable to participate in meetings and contests since women were traditionally banned from epic storytelling — would recite texts in the family circle and teach storytelling to their children and grandchildren. In mid-to-late 20th century, the Xinjiang Oirat oral epic tradition started being paralleled by a written one.
Antimanual de la lengua española.Para un lenguaje no sexista
Authors:   CIEG-UNAM, Belausteguigoitia Rius María Isabel , Chaparro Martínez Amneris ,   CIEG-UNAM, García Roa Modesta ,   CIEG-UNAM, Maciel Molinar Janaina , Moreno Esparza Hortensia Manuela ,   CIEG-UNAM, Tapia Silva Nancy Alejandra ,   CIEG-UNAM, Torres Cruz César ,   CIEG-UNAM, Vásquez Montiel Salma
Published: November 2022

Este antimanual no es un documento oficial; es un juego de palabras. El feminismo no pretende modificar el lenguaje, sino cambiar la vida. El lenguaje incluyente no sexista es una pequeña insurrección feminista en contra de los usos lingüísticos que invisibilizan, ofenden, estereotipan, discriminan, relegan, inferiorizan, banalizan, ignoran, menosprecian, agreden, insultan, sexualizan, calumnian o ridiculizan a las mujeres y a los sujetos feminizados. Su móvil principal es político, no lingüístico ni estético. Nadie nos puede imponer el lenguaje incluyente. Pero tampoco nos lo puede nadie prohibir. El Antimanual de la lengua española. Para un lenguaje no sexista, coeditado por el Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios de Género y la Dirección General de Publicaciones y Fomento Editorial, ofrece un puñado de sugerencias puntuales que pueden servir como punto de partida para recordarnos, en cada enunciación, la posibilidad de nombrar en femenino o en masculino, en neutro o en genérico auténtico y en diversidad.
Efecto de fertilizantes de liberación lenta y fitohormonas en el crecimiento de Agave angustifolia Haw.
Authors: Sánchez-Mendoza Saul , Bautista-Cruz Angélica
Published: November 2022

Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de la aplicación de fertilizantes de liberación lenta y fitohormonas en el crecimiento y contenido de azúcares en plantas de Agave angustifolia Haw. 
Diseño metodológico: se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo bifactorial 3×3, los factores evaluados fueron 1) fertilizantes de liberación lenta (FLL): Osmocote plus® (OS) y Basacote plus® (BA) y, 2) fitohormonas: Biozyme® (BI) y Agromil plus® (AG), adicionalmente se incluyó un control sin fertilizante (SFR) y sin fitohormonas (SFI). Después de 12 meses se midió altura de planta (AP), número de hojas desplegadas (NH), diámetro de tallo (DT), longitud radicular (LR), volumen radicular (VR), densidad radicular (DR), contenido de azúcares (sólidos solubles totales en tallo, SST), peso fresco de hoja (PFH), tallo (PFT) y raíz (PFR). 
Resultados: con respecto a las plantas control, OS incrementó 10.1 % el NH, 10.4 % la AP, 10.2 % el DT, 28.4 % el PFH y 33.1 % el PFT. BA incrementó 42.1 % el PFR. La interacción OS+SFI incrementó 24.5 % el NH, 13.5 % la AP, 23.4 % el DT, 81.1 % el PFT y 135.9 % el VR. Con OS+BI, la AP aumentó 13.6 % y el PFH 50.1%. BA+SFI incrementó 105.6 % el PFR.  
Limitaciones de la investigación: los productos evaluados no incluyen dosis ni periodos de aplicación para agave. Este es uno de los primeros estudios que aporta información en ese sentido. La investigación sobre FLL y fitohormonas en agave es escasa. 
Hallazgos:  los FLL promovieron el crecimiento de A. angustifolia pero no el contenido de SST. Las fitohormonas no promovieron el crecimiento vegetal ni el contenido de SST.
Evaluación del Efecto de la Densidad de Pluviómetros en la Fusión Radar-Pluviómetro
Authors:   Universidad de la Repúplica, Navas Nuñez Rafael Ignacio , Gamazo-Rusnac Pablo Andrés ,   Universidad de la Repúplica, Borrero-Hernandez Armando Alexis ,   Universidad de la Repúplica
Published: November 2022

Los hidrometeorologistas durante años han tenido la necesidad de interpolar la precipitación registrada en estaciones pluviométricas, para describir el campo de precipitación. La aparición de nuevas tecnologías, como el radar meteorológico, ha dado paso a técnicas de estimación de precipitación alternativas, que se basan en la fusión radar-pluviómetro. El krigeado con deriva externa es un método de fusión que captura las ventajas de ambos sensores. En este trabajo se explica cómo la densidad de la red afecta la incertidumbre de la fusión radar-pluviómetro. Adicionalmente, se utilizó el krigeado ordinario como método de referencia y se discute acerca de la posibilidad de prescindir del pluviómetro cuando se está en presencia del radar meteorológico. La zona de estudio se ubicó en el sur de Francia, que posee 4 radares meteorológicos y más de 200 estaciones pluviométricas. Los resultados de este trabajo sugieren que la aplicación de la fusión radar-pluviómetro, trae beneficios como estimaciones menos sesgadas y mejor correlacionadas, en las cuales el pluviómetro continúa ofreciendo información valiosa
Biorreguladores del Crecimiento en la Reproducción de Plántulas de Banano (Musa AAA) en Cámara Térmica, Ecuador
Authors:   Universidad del Zulia, Nava Luzardo Juan Carlos , Jaramillo Aguila Edwin Edison ,   Universidad Técnica de Machala
Published: November 2022

Ecuador es un importante productor y exportador de bananos, por lo que se requiere la obtención de cosechas sanas y el aumento de la producción en cualquier época del año, bajo condiciones controladas y seguras. Por tal motivo, el objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto de biorreguladores del crecimiento en la reproducción asexual de plántulas de banano en cámara térmica. El diseño experimental fue totalmente al azar con ocho tratamientos y tres repeticiones: T1, Alga 600; T2, Miro; T3, Hormonagro Ana; T4, Hormonagro 1; T5, Basfoliar Kelp; T6, Cytokin; T7, Basfoliar Algae y T8, agua destilada. La variable evaluada fue el número de brotes por cormo. Se presentaron diferencias significativas (p<0,05) de T4, T5 y T6 con respecto a los demás tratamientos, presentándose un mayor número de brotes por cormo. De esta manera, los biorreguladores Hormonagro 1, Basfoliar Kelp y Cytoquin, presentaron el mejor efecto en la reproducción de plántulas de banano en cámara térmica, con la obtención de materiales sanos y con mayor número de brotes; siendo una alternativa viable para una adecuada producción en cualquier época del año, bajo condiciones que pueden ser controladas en el rubro banano.
Diseño de una Biorrefinería para la Obtención de Bioproductos a partir de Residuos Lignocelulósicos
Authors:   Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Alcívar-Bravo Andrés Alexander , Velásquez-Bazurto Selena Doménica ,   Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Baquerizo Crespo Ricardo José ,   Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Riera Maria Antoniera ,   Universidad Técnica de Manabí
Published: November 2022

Los residuos agroindustriales presentan un alto potencial de aprovechamiento gracias a su composición química variada, lo que se evidencia en la diversidad de alternativas existentes para su posterior reutilización. En el presente estudio se propone el diseño de una biorrefinería con el empleo del bagazo de caña de azúcar como biomasa para la obtención de productos de segunda generación, planteándose alternativas que consideran el aprovechamiento del licor y residual sólido. Se empleó el programa SuperPro Designer® v.10e para realizar las simulaciones correspondientes y determinar los subproductos de mayor interés económico, con base en una comparación de indicadores, como: valor actual neto (VAN), tasa interna de retorno (TIR), período de recuperación de la inversión (PRI) y retorno de la inversión (ROI), proporcionados por el simulador. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que la configuración xilitol-pellets es la más viable, considerando que a partir de una inversión inicial de USD $52.145.000, la biorrefinería obtuvo un VAN de USD $122.612.000, una TIR de 34,14 % y un PRI de 2,1 años. Además, se realizó un análisis de sensibilidad considerando los diferentes indicadores dinámicos, mediante la variabilidad del precio de venta unitario del xilitol. Finalmente, el análisis económico mostró la viabilidad de la producción de xilitol y pellets con bagazo de caña de azúcar
Heat Transfer Using Nanofluids and its Applications – A Review
Authors: Agarwal Gems
Published: November 2022

Abstract: This paper has been brought up for beginners to get into the very interesting topic of heat transfer focusing on the heat transfer by nanofluids This paper brings in a basic idea of how the nanofluids are produced and how they can be tested at varying parameters for the near ideal heat transfer process and this paper brings knowledge about the application of nanofluid.