bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pre-Implementation Perceptions Among Teachers on the Use of Ecological Sanitation and Application of Human Urine as Fertilizer
Authors: Devkota Govinda Prasad , Bastien Sheri Lee , Jenssen Petter D. , Pandey Manoj K. , Devkota Bhimsen , Maharjan Shyam Krishna
Published: October 2020

Although human urine contains nutrients for plant growth, very few community schools in Nepal use a urine diversion dry toilet (UDDT) and apply the human urine as fertilizer in their school garden. Using human urine in agriculture reduces the use of chemical fertilizers, thus saving the expenditure associated with it. Application of human urine improves the soil fertility and may contribute to increased food security among school children if the school can supply the canteen with food for mid-day meals. This study adopted a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach in order to understand stakeholder perspectives and involve them in the planning and implementation of urine diverting toilets. The data for this study were collected from five teachers’ focus group discussions. This paper presents teachers’ perceptions of the urine diversion dry toilet system and use of human urine as a fertilizer for the school garden. Only a few teachers accepted that human urine could be used as fertilizer, however, they were not willing to use it on their crops since it was considered impure. Due to a perceived bad odor and the uncomfortable sitting position on the UDDT, particularly for females, teachers disliked this toilet and they felt using urine as fertilizer was unnecessary. One of the key lessons drawn from the study is that schools, in collaboration with local governments, should employ participatory approaches to understanding and engaging local stakeholders, including teachers, to minimize negative perceptions prior to the application of human urine as fertilizer in the school garden.
Modeling of Contact Angle versus pH and Derivation of Contact Angle versus Pressure in Deep Saline Aquifers under Geological Carbon Storage
Authors: Miadonye Adango , Amadu Mumuni
Published: October 2020

Geological storage of anthropogenic carbon dioxide is regarded as a technically and economically viable strategy for mitigating carbon dioxide induced climate warming.

Central to geological storage of anthropogenic carbon dioxide is the water rock interaction, which has a direct bearing on pH induced wettability evolution in saline aquifers. Consequently, understanding contact angle trend versus injected gas pressure is useful, considering its relationship to pH evolution in formation brine due to dissolved gas at prevailing temperatures and salinities. Several research works have published experimental data on contact angle versus pressure pertaining to geological conditions of anthropogenic carbon storage. In the present study, we have used thermodynamic theories relating to a surface charge model, contact angle and the classical Nernst equation to derive a logarithmic pH dependent contact angle equation. Considering the relationship between carbon dioxide solubility and pressure for a given temperature and salinity as well as the link between pH and the extent of solubility, we have plotted calculated contact angles versus corresponding pressures. Results of the plots obtained compare well with literature values. Therefore, given the lack of theoretical approach regarding contact angle versus pressure, our research work fills the knowledge gap considering the novelty in the derivation of the pH dependent contact angle equation.
PRZESTĘPCZOŚĆ NIELETNICH JAKO WSPÓŁCZESNY PROBLEM SPOŁECZNY NA PRZYKŁADZIE POWIATU WYSZKOWSKIEGO
Authors: Szymanik Wioleta
Published: October 2020

Zjawisko przestępczości nieletnich jest przedmiotem zainteresowania wielu dyscyplin naukowych. Nieustannie poszukiwane są czynniki wpływające na przestępcze życie nieletnich oraz skutecznych metod oddziaływania profilaktycznego. W niniejszym artykule przybliżono problematykę nieletniego na gruncie przepisów ustawy o postępowaniu w sprawach nieletnich i Kodeksu karnego. Przybliżono i omówiono czynniki wpływające na dewiacyjne zachowanie nieletnich oraz odniesiono się do negatywnych wśród nich zjawisk patologii społecznej. Zaprezentowano skalę zjawiska przestępczości nieletnich na terenie powiatu wyszkowskiego, by w konsekwencji odnieść się do podejmowanych działań profilaktycznych jako narzędzia na rzecz poprawy bezpieczeństwa lokalnej społeczności. Zaprezentowano również wyniki badań własnych na podstawie analizy kwestionariusza ankiety przeprowadzonej wśród lokalnej społeczności na temat przestępczości wśród nieletnich i jej wpływu na poczucie bezpieczeństwa mieszkańców.
Calculation of aircraft’s aerodynamic loads using flight data records
Authors: Dalba Bartosz , Manerowski Jerzy
Published: October 2020

From the point of view of assessing the aircraft in the field of flight mechanics interesting are loads acting on it. The ability to plan and then coordinate the use of engine thrust and control surfaces to make appropriate changes to aircraft’s thrust, drag, lift and weight are key factors in assessing its performance. The balance between these forces must always be controlled during the flight, and better the understanding of them (these forces) and how to control them, the greater the pilot’s skill in operating the aircraft. The article presents a method of determining these loads using records from the on-board flight data recorder. Aerodynamic loads acting on the aircraft during take-off were determined in the article based on mathematical methods and experimental flight mechanics equations. The key element of this work is computer software, developed based on equations mentioned above, which allows to calculate the loads. The use of appropriate flight mechanics equations allowed to obtain results in the form of aerodynamic loads – lift, drag and friction – acting on the aircraft during take-off. Work results can be used together with a computer program in operational practice. The results were obtained based on parameters from the flight data recorder. The equations and methodology presented in the article have enabled the development of a computer tool that allows calculation of aerodynamic loads and determination of aircraft’s characteristics.
Educar e cuidar da dimensão religiosa da criança: fundamentos pedagógicos para o Ensino Religioso na Educação Infantil
Authors: Souza Jacqueline Crepaldi
Published: October 2020

Tese doutoral
Die Ordnung der Affekte: Frömmigkeit als Erziehungsideal bei Erasmus von Rotterdam und Philipp Melanchthon
Authors: Gross Eduardo
Published: October 2020

Não se aplica.
Discurso Digital, Tecnologias Discursivas e Cenografia nas Fake News sobre a Covid-19
Authors: Melo Lafayette   Batista , Baronas Roberto   Leiser
Published: October 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar características e relações entre discursos na Web que disseminam e combatem Fake News sobre a Covid-19, com embasamento teórico-metodológico na Análise do Discurso de linha francesa, considerando o papel da linguagem e das interfaces da Web Social. Foram coletadas e analisadas três Fake News e foram avaliadas as análises, considerando os traços do discurso digital nativo e a cenografia digital. Conclui-se que os traços de investigabilidade e imprevisibilidade são mais presentes nos discursos e que, mesmo com o combate às Fake News, há ainda várias estratégias para sua disseminação.
Die Theologie der Vermählung
Authors: Gasper Hans
Published: October 2020

Matthias Joseph Scheeben (1835–1888), theologian from Cologne, is regarded as a representative of 19th century scholasticism and nature-grace dualism. Hans Urs von Balthasar considered Scheeben the greatest German theologian of the post-romantic period. Using traditional 19th century scholasticism as a starting point, Scheeben creates a theology which is deeply influenced by the Church Fathers, Thomas Aquinas and Bonaventure, by mystical theology and the theological school of Rome. Understanding the Trinity, Christology and Grace as something intimately interwoven, the mystical marriage between nature and grace becomes the centre of his entire theology. The term, “Connubium divinum” characterises this unique form of the spiritual Eros.
Thomas Mann
Authors: Lehnert Herbert
Published: October 2020

Eine Biographie Thomas Manns, die das Frühwerk in seiner Modernität in den Blick nimmt und dem starken Einfluss seines Bruders Heinrich nachgeht.

Diese Biographie konzentriert sich auf die Modernität der frühen Werke. Diese sind nicht stilistisch, aber inhaltlich modern, weil sie eine Welt mit Widersprüchen annehmen. Thomas Mann orientierte sich zunächst an seinem Bruder Heinrich, der sich stets um Modernität bemühte. Als Herausgeber der antisemitischen Zeitschrift »Das Zwanzigste Jahrhundert« wandte Heinrich sich jedoch einer konservativen Schreibart zu und missbilligte zudem Thomas` Homoerotik und Vorliebe für Schopenhauer. Thomas beteiligte Heinrich daraufhin nicht an der fiktionalisierten Familiengeschichte »Buddenbrooks« und löste damit einen heftigen Bruderzwist aus.
In »Fiorenza« stellen die Dialoge die Modernität in Frage, ohne sie aufzugeben. Um 1905 problematisiert Mann in zahlreichen Werken verstärkt die Bürgerlichkeit, unter anderem in »Wälsungenblut« und »Königliche Hoheit«, einer Parodie der konstitutionellen Monarchie. »Der Tod in Venedig« stellt eine neue Epoche des Werkes Thomas Manns dar.

Was Thomas Mann seinen Lesern […] gibt, sind Wörter, die sich zu Beispielen, Szenen, Bildern ordnen, für eine Weise, wie man in einer Welt lebt, die nicht von einem Schöpfergott ein für allemal geordnet […] wurde, sondern in einer modernen Welt voller Widersprüche.
Herbert Lehnert
Genese des Zahl- und Zeitbegriffs aus der Erinnerung
Authors: Witte Jörg
Published: October 2020

Was offenbart die historische Entwicklung der Mathematik über die Menschen, die sie betreiben oder anwenden? Was verrät sie über uns selbst und über die Gesellschaft, in der wir leben?

Keine Wissenschaft spielt eine so dominante Rolle in unserer heutigen Kultur wie die Mathematik: Ohne sie wären die atemberaubenden Fortschritte in Naturwissenschaft und Technik nicht möglich gewesen, denn das Prinzip der (mathematischen) Vorhersagbarkeit ist Grundlage jeder wissenschaftlichen Theorie. Dieser Vorhersagbarkeit liegt auch eine zeitliche Dimension zugrunde, sie sagt eine Bewegung voraus: die Einheiten, in denen diese gemessen wird, sind etwa Zeit, Strecke, Geschwindigkeit, Beschleunigung oder Kraft.

Der Mathematiker Jörg Witte zeigt, was unser naturwissenschaftliches Weltbild über unser Selbstverständnis aussagt und wie sich dieses historisch entwickelt hat. Auf anschauliche Weise und mit einem niedrigschwelligen Zugang legt der Autor dar, wie sich die kulturellen Voraussetzungen im Wandel der Zeit verändert haben und welche Bedeutung dabei das Subjektverständnis zur eigenen Stellung in der Welt spielt.
Valorisation of egg shell ash as a potential replacement for lime in stabilization of expansive soils
Authors: James Jijo , Jothi Priya , Karthika P. , Kokila S. , Vidyasagar V.
Published: October 2020

The investigation focussed on the possibility of replacing lime in soil stabilization using Egg Shell Ash (ESA), a waste derived from poultry industry. An expansive soil was characterized for its properties in the lab. The minimum lime content required for modification of soil properties was determined from the Eades and Grim pH test. This lime content came out to be 3%. The lime content was replaced using ESA in the proportions of 33%, 50%, 67% and 100%. Unconfined compression test specimens of dimension 38 mm x 76 mm were cast for different combinations and were cured for periods of 3, 7 and 28 days. Samples were also subjected to 1, 3 and 5 cycles of wetting and drying to understand its durability. After the designated curing periods and cycles of wetting and drying, they were strained axially till failure. Atterberg limits tests were done to determine the plasticity of the stabilized soil. The strength results indicated that ESA cannot be used under normal conditions as a replacement for lime, however, ESA replacement resulted in good durability of the specimens under conditions of wetting and drying. It was concluded that ESA replacement of lime can be adopted in conditions of wetting and drying.
Sales prediction on e-commerce platform, by using data mining model
Authors: Janićijević Stefana , Petrović Đorđe , Stefanović Miodrag
Published: October 2020

In this paper we applied twinning algorithm for product that are sold via e-commerce platform. To establish relatively homogenous product groups that were on sale on this e-commerce platform during the last year, it was necessary to form predictive mathematical model. We determined set of relevant variables that will represent group attributes, and we applied K-means algorithm, Market Basket model and Vector Distance model. Based on analysis of basic and derived variables, fixed number of clusters was introduced. Silhouette index was used for the purposes of detecting whether these clusters are compact. Using these cluster separations, we created models that detect similar products, and try to analyze probability of sales for each product. Analysis results can be used for planning future sales campaigns, marketing expenses optimization, creation of new loyalty programs, and better understanding customer behavior in general.
Mudanças climáticas e planejamento urbano: cenários futuros de aumento do nível do oceano no município de Itapema/SC
Authors: Jandrey Samantha , Aumond Juarês José
Published: October 2020

O município de Itapema (SC) apresenta na sua história a atividade do turismo como um dos grandes fatores influentes no processo de urbanização. Praticamente quase toda a faixa da orla marítima encontra-se ocupada por edificações, salvo raras exceções que ainda preservam a mata nativa. A necessidade de preservar a orla constitui uma providência urgente diante das evidências do desequilíbrio climático. Os estudos apontam o aumento da temperatura global, degelos dos glaciais e aquecimento da água do mar, e consequente aumento do nível dos oceanos que irão impactar as zonas costeiras. Neste contexto de mudanças climáticas, o objetivo geral deste artigo foi identificar os possíveis impactos na área urbana de Itapema, decorrentes de cenários futuros do aumento do nível do oceano. O procedimento metodológico adotado foi de caráter exploratório, descritivo e propositivo relacionado ao objeto da pesquisa e quanti-qualitativa no seu processo. Os resultados obtidos permitem prever os cenários futuros do aumento do nível do oceano por meio da cartografia elaborada com base no 5º Relatório do Painel Intergovernamental de Mudanças Climáticas (AR5-IPCC 2014), por meio de diagnóstico e análise dos cinco recortes respectivos do município. Constatou-se a necessidade de se criar uma zona de proteção, e outra de amortecimento para prevenir e minimizar os futuros impactos. As áreas de mangues, restingas e algumas áreas edificadas são relacionadas como as mais vulneráveis ao aumento de nível do oceano. Espera-se que os resultados dessa pesquisa contribuam no planejamento e de soluções para enfrentamento do impacto das mudanças climáticas de Itapema.
Palavras-chave: Mudanças climáticas. Planejamento urbano. Planejamento regional. Itapema (SC).
pema.
Educar en tiempos de selfies: hacia el antiselfie
Authors: Madariaga-López Itsaso , Cilleruelo Lourdes
Published: October 2020

En tiempos de selfies, ¿qué pueden aportar las miradas y prácticas fotográficas a la pedagogía en la formación del profesorado? Para dar respuesta a esta pregunta, se ha diseñado una investigación teórico-práctica que transita por una simultaneidad de roles -fotógrafa, docente o incluso, discente- ofreciendo, conscientemente, una visión fluida, sin jerarquizar. Diferentes tránsitos focalizados hacia la definición y acotación del concepto selfie, así como al análisis de sus implicaciones socioculturales y, por ende, educativas. Ese fluir se materializa en diversas aproximaciones metodológicas en las que se deambula entre el ámbito artístico y educativo, y en las que se involucran agentes muy diversos, generando un entramado metodológico plural que intenta, si no en profundidad, entender mejor dicho fenómeno.

A partir de dichas aproximaciones, se buscan estrategias educativas que propicien procesos de reflexión y pensamiento crítico. Bajo el epígrafe hacia el antiselfie, se pretende identificar recursos didácticos asentados en el presente que permitan alfabetizar y concienciar a las nuevas generaciones en torno a las imágenes que consumen y producen y, con las que se relacionan a través de las redes sociales. Como conclusión principal, se puede afirmar que el selfie ofrece al futuro profesorado una herramienta clave experimental para el paso de mero consumidor a consciente prosumidor. Se espera que en un futuro próximo las diferentes aproximaciones aquí expuestas, ayuden a integrar el fenómeno selfie como recurso didáctico en la formación de profesorado.
Animal welfare science, varieties of value and philosophical methodology
Authors: Bruckner DW
Published: October 2020

There are competing conceptions of animal welfare in the scientific literature. Debate among proponents of these various conceptions continues. This paper examines methodologies for use in attempting to justify a conception of animal welfare. It is argued that philosophical methodology relying on conceptual analysis has a central role to play in this debate. To begin, the traditional division between facts and values is refined by distinguishing different types of values, or norms. Once this distinction is made, it is argued that the common recognition that any conception of animal welfare is inherently normative is correct, but that it is not ethical normativity that is at issue. The sort of philosophical methodology appropriate to use in investigating the competing normative conceptions of animal welfare is explained. Finally, the threads of the paper are brought together to consider the appropriate role of recent empirical work into folk conceptions of animal welfare in determining the proper conception of animal welfare. It is argued that empirical results about folk conceptions are useful inputs into conceptual philosophical investigation into the competing conceptions of animal welfare. Further mutual inquiry by philosophers and animal welfare scientists is needed to advance our knowledge of what animal welfare is.
Lutter pour l’Église et la patrie tout en se récréant. Le cercle Langevin de l’ACJC, 1910-1920
Authors: Warren Jean-Philippe
Published: October 2020

Le présent article vise à éclairer la dimension plus ludique de l’Association catholique de la jeunesse canadienne-française (ACJC) à partir d’une analyse des activités du cercle Langevin. Mis sur pied en 1910 dans la paroisse de La Nativité d’Hochelaga, le cercle Langevin s’inscrit dans le créneau très militant et combattif de l’ACJC, tout en laissant place à d’importants moments de loisir. Ses membres expriment à la fois une volonté d’engagement idéologique et un esprit de jeu propre à la jeunesse de l’époque. Pour mieux faire ressortir ces deux facettes, nous nous sommes centrés sur les dix premières années d’existence du cercle (1910-1920), car nous pouvions, pour cette période, appuyer nos interprétations sur une lecture de la revue du cercle, La Semence, en plus d’un dépouillement du Fonds de l’ACJC conservé à la Société historique du Saguenay. Nos recherches permettent de découvrir un organisme plus festif et plus récréatif que ce que l’on a pu supposer jusqu’à maintenant.
Insecticides, Honey Bee Losses and Beekeeper Advocacy in Nineteenth-Century Ontario
Authors: Bonnell Jennifer L.
Published: October 2020

This article examines the debates that surrounded honey bee poisoning in the southern Ontario in the 1890s and early 1900s. It follows the efforts of beekeepers and supportive entomologists to press for toxicity studies, negotiate with neighbouring farmers, and advocate for legislative and educational remedies. Debates over such poisonings reveal the strained relationship between beekeepers and fruit growers in this period, and highlight the inconsistency of grower knowledge about the value of honey bees to their crops. Efforts to understand the poisoning problem and to protect honey bees from harm resulted in scientific studies that not only established the toxicity of early insecticides to honey bees, but also resulted in greater understanding of the role of honey bees in pollination. Finally, these debates illuminate the role of beekeepers as early advocates for environmental protection.
Collision Damage Analysis of FPSO Hull Caisson Protection Structure
Authors: Ozguc Ozgur
Published: October 2020

The protection structures for the Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) caissons should be sufficiently strong to avoid contact with the caisson pipes even when the protection structure is damaged by the impact of the accompanying vessels. Collision events of protectors of appurtenances such as risers, mooring lines, and seawater lift caissons with supply vessel may cause structural damage to protection structures and even to the appurtenance structures and hull structures. This study introduces the collision impact analyses on three protective structures of FPSO against striking supply vessel whose displacement is 7,500 tons. The capacity of protection structures in view of strain energy has been assessed with simple beam FE models. The striking vessel has been modelled as a small rigid body, and impact simulation has been performed including material and geometric nonlinearities where ABAQUS Explicit tool, which is a commercial explicit code, has been used for non-linear collision analyses with protection structures. The results from the current work will be a guide to understanding the impact response of offshore structures and evaluation approaches, and will provide useful indications for the FPSO hull caisson protection design and operation. In addition, the findings obtained by the current study will be informative in the safe design of FPSO facilities.
Numerical Assessment of FPSO Platform Behaviour in Ship Collision
Authors: Ozguc Ozgur
Published: October 2020

Offshore platforms may potentially collide with vessels of various types, including visiting ships such as supply ships and passing ships. The most critical and relevant conditions, including the analysis and design approaches are introduced. Different ship types having different displacements and structural designs exert different vessel impact loads on impacted structures. This paper presents the findings of collision impact analyses of the side shell panel, bow and stern structures of Floating Production Storage Offloading (FPSO) platforms in case of impact, e.g. by a supply vessel or methanol tanker. As collision impact simulations continue to be conducted conservatively, the colliding positions of the striking vessel are presumed to be  bow and stern only, with side force. In order to assess hull strength in collision events, non-linear FE simulations were performed by means of the MSC / DYTRAN tool, as these collision events result in more complex reactions. The degree of hull damage suffered by an FPSO vessel in different collision scenarios and at varying impact energy levels was determined in accordance with the NORSOK N-004 standard guidelines. Post-collision analyses were conducted to establish the structural integrity of the damaged hull after being exposed to environmental conditions for one year. The reduction of hull girder strength associated with the worst damage was evaluated and accounted for in the present study, providing no further damage occurs. Furthermore, the acceptance criteria for evaluation and corresponding consequences are calculated and discussed in detail. Finally, the findings from the present paper will help clarify the impact response of offshore structures and evaluation approaches and give valuable guidance for the design and operation of FPSO platforms.
Space Remote Sensing and Detecting Systems of Oceangoing Ships
Authors: Ilcev Dimov Stojce
Published: October 2020

This paper introduces the implementation of space remote sensing and detecting systems of oceangoing ships as an alternative to the Radio – Automatic Identification System (R-AIS), Satellite – Automatic Identification System (S-AIS), Long Range Identification and Tracking (LRIT), and other current vessel tracking systems. In this paper will be not included  a new project known as a Global Ship Tracking (GST) as an autonomous and discrete satellite network designed by the Space Science Centre (SSC) for research and postgraduate studies in Satellite Communication, Navigation and Surveillance (CNS) at Durban University of Technology (DUT). The ship detection from satellite remote sensing imagery system is a crucial application for maritime safety and security, which includes among others ship tracking, detecting and traffic surveillance, oil spill detection service, and discharge control, sea pollution monitoring, sea ice monitoring service, and protection against illegal fisheries activities. The establishment of a modern sea surface and ships monitoring system needs enhancement of the Satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (SSAR) that is here discussed as a modern observation infrastructure integrated with Ships Surveillance and Detecting via SSAR TerraSAR-X Spacecraft, Ships Surveillance and Detecting via SSAR Radarsat Spacecraft and Vessels Detecting System (VDS) via SSAR.
Prediction of Marine Traffic Density Using Different Time Series Model From AIS data of Port Klang and Straits of Malacca
Authors: Ramin Akim , Mustaffa Masnawi , Ahmad Shaharudin
Published: October 2020

In the study of ocean engineering, marine traffic is referring to the study of the pattern of the density of ships within the particular boundaries at certain periods. The Port Klang and Straits of Malacca are known for one of the heaviest traffics in Malaysia and the world. The study of traffic within this area is important, because it enables ships to avoid traffic congestion that might happen. Thus, this study is mainly aimed at   predicting or forecasting the density of the ships using the route through this waterway by using quantitative methods which are time-series models and the associative models from the Automatic Identification System (AIS) data. The moving averages, weight moving average, and exponential smoothing for the time series model and associative model have used multiple regression. The results show an exponential smoothing alpha 0.8 and give the lowest MAPE as 20.701%, thereby making this method to be the best in forecasting the future traffic density among the method categories.
Sea Level Rise Projections for Failaka Island in The State of Kuwait
Authors: Albanai Jasem A
Published: October 2020

As a result of climate change, many lands are under risk due to the rising sea levels (RSL). Studies show that the mean sea level will likely rise by 0.16 to 0.63 metres before 2050, and 0.2 to 2.5 metres by 2100. Lower-lying islands are more endangered from RSL. One of such islands is Failaka, a small island in Kuwait lying at the entrance of Kuwait Bay, which is located on the north-western side of the Arabian Gulf (Also called the Persian Gulf). Most of Failaka Island is lower than three meters. The Governmental plans are to develop and populate the island. SLR should be considered in such planning. This study focuses particularly on detecting the areas of Failaka Island which are under high threat from the SLR. To detect these areas, spatial analysis of the Digital elevation model (DEM) are used. DEM is estimated for three SLR scenarios (1, 2 and 3 metres). It is expected that 31% of the island will be under sea level height for the SLR of 1 m; 54% for the SLR of 2 metres; and 87% for the SLR of 3 m. Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) is estimated as well. The CVI shows that the eastern coast is the most susceptible with regard to the SLR. The model was validated through using ground elevation points (n = 40), and a positive correlation was found with  of 0.8019. Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote sensing (RS) are confirmed to be effective tools for estimating spatial influence of the SLR.
Emergence of Emergency Logistics Centre (ELC): Humanitarian Logistics Operations at the Straits of Malacca
Authors: Jeevan Jagan , Mohd Salleh Nurul Haqimin , Md Hanafiah Rudiah , Ngah Abdul Hafaz
Published: October 2020

Despite the apprehension of certain parties, the demand for maritime emergency logistics has emerged following the occurrence of maritime accidents around the world while trading activities are performed. The requirement of Emergency Logistics Centre (ELC) is crucial as part of the maritime disaster preparedness at the Straits of Malacca (SOM). The ELC prevents massive losses, should any disaster occur in the rough ocean. Based on unforeseen situations at sea, this paper explores the contributing factors of the ELC in proposing and improving strategies for Kuala Linggi seaport as an ELC. The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) has been employed to achieve the objectives of this paper. The outcome of this paper indicates that resource availability, risk management, and geographical factors are the three key attributes that are substantially required to transform Kuala Linggi seaport into an ELC. Furthermore, disaster preparedness, ELC supply-chain management system, and safety procedures are the crucial components to enhance the operational efficacy at this seaport as an ELC. The findings of this research may contribute to the safety of the maritime route and disaster preparedness at the SOM.
Application of Satellite Imagery and Water Indices to the Hydrography of the Cetina RiverBasin (Middle Adriatic)
Authors: Duplančić Leder Tea , Leder Nenad , Baučić Martina
Published: October 2020

The paper gives a brief description of the remote sensing method used for the identification and extraction of water surfaces. Landsat 8 and Sentinel 2 satellite imagery was used to separate land from bodies of water in the complex karst area surrounding the Croatian Cetina River, flowing into the Adriatic Sea. Water indexing methods are presented in detail. The most frequently used water indices were selected: NDWI, MNDWI, AWEI_nsh, AWEI_sh, WRI and LSWI, and their results compared. The combination of satellite imagery and calculated water indices is concluded to be very useful for the identification and mapping of the area and banks of lakes, riverine zones, river mouths and the coastline in the coastal zone. Landsat 8 satellite imagery is slightly inferior to Sentinel 2 due to lower image resolution. The best results were obtained with the NDWI water index and the worst with LSWI.
Legal regime for natural resource management in Mexico
Authors: Manin Iaroslav
Published: October 2020

The subject of this article is the legal regime for natural resource in the United Mexican States. The author examines the system and structure of government branches in the area natural resource management. Special attention is given to the questions of ownership of the subsoil, allocation of powers for their administration to the federation, and foreign investment to fuel and energy complex of Russia. The object of this research is the relations in the area of natural resource management in Mexico. The author describes the users of subsoil and the procedure of accessing natural resource management, addresses the questions of taxation with regards to usage of mineral deposits, traces the trends in Mexican natural resource law in part of regulating the development of strategic sites. The main conclusion consists in the statement that constitutional consolidation of ownership of the mineral resources along with natural resources, and the authority of their management allocated to the “center” in federate and confederate states meets rather national interests and ensures protection of economic grounds of the country, security and inviolability of the constitutional order. The scientific novelty of this work consists in demonstration to the audience of “cross-section of the side track of the Mexican tree of natural resource law". The “rings on a fresh cut” give an idea on the development of this branch of law, its current state, “vectors for expansion”, as well as possess substantial originality. The author suggests “nationalization of natural resource management” within the framework of its pursuit of factual Unitarianism, leaving de jure federalism as an opportunity for historical reunification with the lost territories.
Genome-wide identification of Hsp70/110 genes in rainbow trout and their regulated expression in response to heat stress
Authors: Ma Fang , Luo Lintong
Published: October 2020

Heat shock proteins (Hsps) play an important role in many biological processes. However, as a typical cold water fish, the systematic identification of Hsp70/110 gene family of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) has not been reported, and the role of Hsp70/110 gene in the evolution of rainbow trout has not been described systematically. In this study, bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the Hsp70/110 gene family of rainbow trout. A total of 16 hsp70/110 genes were identified and classified into ten subgroups. The 16 Hsp70/110 genes were all distributed on chromosomes 2, 4, 8 and 13. The molecular weight is ranged from 78.93 to 91.39 kD. Gene structure and motif composition are relatively conserved in each subgroup. According to RNA-seq analysis of rainbow trout liver and head kidney, a total of four out of 16 genes were significantly upregulated in liver under heat stress, and a total of seven out of 16 genes were significantly upregulated in head kidney. RT-qPCR was carried out on these gene, and the result were consistent with those of RNA-seq. The significantly regulated expressions of Hsp70/110 genes under heat stress indicats that Hsp70/110 genes are involved in heat stress response in rainbow trout. This systematic analysis provided valuable information about the diverse roles of Hsp70/110 in the evolution of teleost, which will contribute to the functional characterization of Hsp70/110 genes in further research.
The past century of coral bleaching in the Saudi Arabian central Red Sea
Authors: DeCarlo Thomas M.
Published: October 2020

Accurate knowledge of the spatial and temporal patterns of coral bleaching is essential both for understanding how coral reef ecosystems are changing today and forecasting their future states. Yet, in many regions of the world, the history of bleaching is poorly known, especially prior to the late 20th century. Here, I use the information preserved within skeleton cores of long-lived Porites corals to reconstruct the past century of bleaching events in the Saudi Arabian central Red Sea. In these cores, skeletal “stress bands”—indicative of past bleaching—captured known bleaching events that occurred in 1998 and 2010, but also revealed evidence of previously unknown bleaching events in 1931, 1978, and 1982. However, these earlier events affected a significantly lesser proportion of corals than 1998 and 2010. Therefore, coral bleaching may have occurred in the central Red Sea earlier than previously recognized, but the frequency and severity of bleaching events since 1998 on nearshore reefs is unprecedented over the past century. Conversely, corals living on mid- to outer-shelf reefs have not been equally susceptible to bleaching as their nearshore counterparts, which was evident in that stress bands were five times more prevalent nearshore. Whether this pattern of susceptible nearshore reefs and resistant outer-shelf reefs continues in the future remains a key question in forecasting coral reef futures in this region.
Use of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Tools in Increasing Income of Tribal Farmers of Karnataka
Authors: Ravindra H. , Sehgal Mukesh , Narasimhamurthy H. B.
Published: October 2020

Information and Communications Technology (ICT) tools play a vital role in accessing the information on agriculture and allied activities most of the tribal farmers of Uttara Kannada district are accessing the information via mobile phones, television and radio. They express their views on ICT tools helps in getting the information on agriculture especially  agriculture inputs, fertilizers, use of bioagents, insecticides and also management of pest an diseases in rice, chilli, areca nut and other vegetables, vermicomposting, value addition etc. The study has shown that poor finance facility in buying the ICT tools, lack of confidence in operating, lack of power supply, low network connectivity, lack of awareness of benefits of ICTs, lack of skill in handling ICTs, low ICT literacy, lack of repairing facilities, attitudinal barriers towards ICTs, lack of training and practical exposure, high cost of repairing ICTs and insufficient regional language were the major constraints faced by the farmers in the effective use of ICTs. Since there is an increased penetration in the level of availability and accessibility of ICTs among the farmers of the state, there is a need to ensure that the problems of the farmers are being met in order to enable the farming community derive maximum benefits on better access to information services through the use of ICTs for agriculture and other developmental purposes. This study seems to be the first report on usage of ICT tools by Tribal farmers in Karnataka.
Early design strategy for hybrid ground source heat pump systems for a commercial building
Authors: Yoon Gyuyoung
Published: October 2020

In this study, the design strategy for hybrid ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems consisting of GSHP and air source heat pump (ASHP) is investigated with a focus on the early design stages of an air conditioning system for a commercial building. A design procedure for determining the capacity ratio of the GSHP and ASHP is presented. Then, conservative values of the design parameters for the design process are described. A case study conducted according to the introduced procedure showed that the capacity ratio of GSHP and ASHP is influenced by the magnitude of the peak load of the building and building site conditions, as well as the configuration of ground source heat exchangers. Furthermore, an effort to reduce the peak load would increase the capacity ratio of the GSHP. It was shown that the capacity ratio would be approximately set by the site conditions, which can be a dominant constraint on GSHP capacity design. Finally, in the initial design phase, a design practice with conservative design values was instituted that would help in determining the capacity ratio and the configuration of the ground source heat exchangers.
Fabricating and Assembling Acoustic Metamaterials and Phononic Crystals
Authors: Choi Christabel , Bansal Shubhi , Münzenrieder Niko , Subramanian Sriram
Published: October 2020

Acoustic metamaterials (AMM) and phononic crystals (PC) have the potential to unfold a new wave of disruptive technologies to radically transform human interactions, sensory communications, and beyond. Although essential, cultivating a deep understanding of the fundamental theory and design principles is insufficient alone, in the practical advancement of AMMs and PCs. Equally important is the physical realization of these artificial structures for tangible prototyping and experimental investigation; however, such aspects are seldom discussed in literature. Herein, the fabrication and assembly approaches for AMMs and PCs are critically examined, with a tight coupling of theoretical and experimental considerations. Crucial parameters like operating frequency, materials, and geometry for efficient structural implementation are addressed. Herein, fabrication methods for specific structure types are categorized under “single‐step fabrication” including printing and machining and “multi‐step fabrication” like microfabrication and molding. Various “assembly” techniques are proposed, such as for ordering colloidal assemblies or fastening components without adhesives. This framework uncovers innovative designs, e.g., origami‐based structures with conductive coating, only accessible if fabrication and assembly aspects form an integral part of the initial design phase. By establishing a greater understanding and awareness of these methods, a host of undiscovered pathways, opportunities, and research gaps is revealed, supporting a fresh paradigm for innovation.
Methacrylate‐Based Polymer Foams with Controllable Pore Sizes and Controllable Polydispersities via Foamed Emulsion Templating
Authors: Dabrowski Miriam Lucia , Stubenrauch Cosima
Published: October 2020

This study reports on a novel templating route, which uses foamed emulsions as templates for porous polymers. The concept is based on the generation of a monomer‐in‐water emulsion, which is subsequently foamed via microfluidics. The monomer of choice is 1,4‐butanediol dimethacrylate (1,4‐BDDMA). After polymerization of the foamed emulsion, one obtains open‐cell polymer foams with porous pore walls. Foamed emulsions and polymer foams are generated. It is shown that foamed emulsion templating in combination with microfluidics is well‐suited to synthesize 1) monodisperse poly(1,4‐BBDMA) foams with controllable pore sizes and 2) their polydisperse counterparts with controllable polydispersities. Monodisperse templates with different bubble sizes and thus polymer foams with different pore sizes ranging from about 100–400 μm in diameter are synthesized. Microfluidics is also used for the generation of polydisperse poly(1,4‐BDDMA) foams with polydispersities between 18% and 27% but the same mean pore sizes as the monodisperse ones, i.e., we have access to polymer foams that only differ in their polydispersity.
A Pressure Self‐Adaptable Route for Uniform Lithium Plating and Stripping in Composite Anode
Authors: Shi Peng , Zhang Xue‐Qiang , Shen Xin , Li Bo‐Quan , Zhang Rui , Hou Li‐Peng , Zhang Qiang
Published: October 2020

Lithium (Li) metal anode confronts impressive challenges to revolutionize the current rechargeable batteries due to the intractably unstable interface. The composite Li anode is proposed to relieve volume fluctuations and suppress Li dendrites apparently. However, the inner space of composite anodes still affords feasibility for the continuous growth of unconstrained Li dendrites, leading to a low utilization of deposited Li and even safety hazards. Herein, an emerging and rational strategy to design composite anodes is proposed to regulate the inner Li plating/stripping. The self‐adaptable pressure is generated by the filled elastic polymer inside conductive hosts, surpassing the yield strength of Li and confining Li to form a smooth morphology with a high utilization owing to the persistent electronic pathways under pressure. The pressure self‐adaptable composite anode renders 160 cycles with a capacity retention of 80% in comparison to 60 cycles with a planar Li under practical conditions. Moreover, a 1.0 Ah pouch cell undergoes 68 cycles impressively. This work not only presents a fresh perspective on regulation of inner Li plating/stripping by introducing a self‐adaptable pressure into the composite anode, but also demonstrates the avenue of exploring multifunctional composite anodes for practical Li metal batteries.
Photochemically Activated Notch Signaling Hydrogel Preferentially Differentiates Human Derived Hepatoblasts to Cholangiocytes
Authors: Rizwan Muhammad , Fokina Ana , Kivijärvi Tove , Ogawa Mina , Kufleitner Markus , Laselva Onofrio , Smith Laura J. , Bear Christine E. , Ogawa Shinichiro , Keller Gordon , Shoichet Molly S.
Published: October 2020

Cholangiocytes form an intricate network of bile ducts to enable proper liver function; yet, recapitulating human stem cell differentiation to cholangiocytes in vitro requires Notch signaling and soluble ligands do not activate the Notch pathway. To overcome these limitations, jagged1 is immobilized on a chemically defined hyaluronan to specifically differentiate human embryonic stem cell‐derived hepatoblasts to cholangiocytes. Hepatoblasts cultured on the jagged1‐hydrogels upregulate Notch target genes and express key cholangiocyte markers including cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. Moreover, cholangiocytes adopt morphological changes that resemble liver biliary structures. To emulate natural biliary system development, a new strategy is developed to achieve spatiotemporal control over the Jagged1–Notch2 interaction: jagged1 is first caged with a photocleavable streptavidin and then it is uncaged photochemically to restore the biological function of Jagged1, which is confirmed with Notch2 activation in a fluorescent reporter cell line. Moreover, the differentiation of human embryonic stem cell‐derived hepatoblasts to cholangiocytes is temporally controlled with photochemical uncaging of this streptavidin‐Jagged1‐immobilized hyaluronan hydrogel. This strategy defines a framework to control protein signaling in time and space and specifically for Notch signaling for ultimate use in regenerative medicine strategies of the liver.
An Ultrasmall SnFe2O4 Nanozyme with Endogenous Oxygen Generation and Glutathione Depletion for Synergistic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Feng Lili , Liu Bin , Xie Rui , Wang Dongdong , Qian Cheng , Zhou Weiqiang , Liu Jiawei , Jana Deblin , Yang Piaoping , Zhao Yanli
Published: October 2020

The tumor microenvironment (TME) with the characteristics of severe hypoxia, overexpressed glutathione (GSH), and high levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) dramatically limits the antitumor efficiency by monotherapy. Herein, a novel TME‐modulated nanozyme employing tin ferrite (SnFe2O4, abbreviated as SFO) is presented for simultaneous photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), and chemodynamic therapy (CDT). The as‐fabricated SFO nanozyme demonstrates both catalase‐like and GSH peroxidase‐like activities. In the TME, the activation of H2O2 leads to the generation of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) in situ for CDT and the consumption of GSH to relieve antioxidant capability of the tumors. Meanwhile, the nanozyme can catalyze H2O2 to generate oxygen to meliorate the tumor hypoxia, which is beneficial to achieve better PDT. Furthermore, the SFO nanozyme irradiated with 808 nm laser displays a prominent phototherapeutic effect on account of the enhanced photothermal conversion efficiency (η = 42.3%) and highly toxic free radical production performance. This “all in one” nanozyme integrated with multiple treatment modalities, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging properties, and persistent modulation of TME exhibits excellent tumor theranostic performance. This strategy may provide a new dimension for the design of other TME‐based anticancer strategies.
Microfluidic Multi‐Scale Homogeneous Mixing with Uniform Residence Time Distribution for Rapid Production of Various Metal Core–Shell Nanoparticles
Authors: Shin Yonghee , Lim Youngwook , Kwak Taejin , Hwang Jeong Ha , Georgescu Andrei , Huh Dongeun , Kim Dongchoul , Kang Taewook
Published: October 2020

Seed‐mediated growth of core–shell nanoparticles, which is conventionally performed in a batch reactor, is successfully reproduced in a microfluidic reactor for a facile production of uniform metal core–shell nanoparticles. The proposed microfluidic design is based on the microstructure inversion for achieving multi‐scale homogeneous mixing with uniform nanoparticle residence time. Simulations demonstrate that among the staggered herringbone microstructures investigated in this study, the upper herringbone (UH) structure can rapidly and homogeneously mix multiple‐sized reagents and can also prevent both the irreversible trapping and long residence time of the nanoparticles inside the microfluidic channel. A wide variety of metal core–shell nanoparticles, namely Au@Ag, Au@Pd, and Au@Au with an interior nanogap, are synthesized by using the microfluidic reactor with built‐in UH microstructures. The proposed microfluidic synthesis produces a more uniform shell size than the conventional batch synthesis. This work could significantly expand the practical utility of metal core–shell nanoparticles in a multitude of applications ranging from catalysis to nanomedicine.