bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
E-Devlet Uygulamasının Devlet-Yurttaş İlişkisine Yansımaları Üzerine Bir İnceleme: Erzurum İli Örneği
Authors: KÖSE Hüseyin , KARAOĞLU Gülhanım , KORKUT Yelda
Published: April 2022

Türkiye’de devlet aygıtının etkileşime kapalı, dikey, hiyerarşik, bürokratik bir yapıda olduğu yönünde genel bir görüş vardır. Devlet-yurttaş karşılaşmasının belli bir güç asimetrisi yarattığı böyle bir yapıda, yönetilenlerin devletle karşılaşması bürokrasinin muazzam gücüne ilişkin ciddi bir algı üretmektedir. Zira yurttaşın zihninde baskın yönetsel imge, devletin katı bürokratik bir yapıda olduğudur. Bu durum, devlet- yurttaş ilişkilerinin sıhhati açısından bir sorundur. Ancak Türkiye’de 2010’lu yılların sonlarından itibaren yaygınlaşmaya başlayan e-devlet uygulamalarıyla birlikte durum büyük ölçüde değişmiş gibidir. Söz konusu uygulamayla birlikte, hiyerarşik/dikey devlet modeli, yerini gitgide katılımcı/yatay devlet modeline bırakmaya başlamıştır. Bu çalışmada, e-devlet hizmetlerinin devlet-yurttaş ilişkilerini olumlu yönde dönüştürdüğü varsayımının sınanması hedeflenmiştir. Çalışmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden anket tekniği kullanılmış olup, demografik özellikler bağlamında yurttaşların zihinlerindeki devlet algısının hangi yönde dönüştüğü irdelenmiştir. Sonuçta, e-devlet uygulamasının büyük oranda devlete olan güveni artırdığı, yurttaşa kendisini önemli hissettirdiği, resmi işlerdeki usulsüzlük, yolsuzluk, kayırmacılık gibi suistimalleri önlediği ve yurttaşa yönetime katılma hissi verdiği tespit edilmiştir.
Sociological and Marxist Analysis of Surveillance in the Process Leading to Data Surveillance
Authors: AL Eyüp
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study is to expose data surveillance to sociological and Marxist analysis by revealing different stages of surveillance from past to present. Social outcomes of surveillance with sociological analysis, economic and political reasons of surveillance with Marxist analysis are discussed. However, it is claimed that the modern structure of surveillance has been opened to discussion, and its digitalization and fluidization have given birth to data surveillance as a new surveillance and control form. Therefore, the classical surveillance conditions defined around Bentham’s idea of “Panopticon” and Foucault’s texts have changed a lot. Since this change is not only structural, the stages of the surveillance mechanism and its aims in the historical process are open to discussion. In the contemporary period, surveillance has also transformed at a point where speed and flexibility determine all kinds of everyday actions. In order to understand this transformation, this article examines how surveillance reaches a more fluid and mobile form, and the actions performed in digital environments are followed on the data axis instead of tracking the body. As a result, it is concluded that the forms of surveillance move away from oppression, individuals are included in surveillance voluntarily, data surveillance is used for economic and political interests, and data provides much more efficient, individual and instant information without any time and place limits.
The 1620 and 1644 Earthquakes in Alcoy and the Eastern Region of Spain
Authors: Buforn Elisa , Udías Agustín
Published: April 2022

The 2 December 1620 earthquake, which caused considerable damage to the town of Alcoy in eastern Spain, and the seismic sequence of June 1644 in the region from Alcoy to the coast of the Mediterranean Sea are studied using contemporary sources. Focal parameters are determined for the 1620 shock and the three mainshocks of the 1644 sequence on 15, 19, and 26 June. The distribution of damage and casualties from the 1620 earthquake in Alcoy leads to the assignment of maximum intensities of VIII–IX. A solution is presented for problems concerning dates, locations, and sizes of the three largest shocks of the 1644 sequence given in previous catalogs and studies.
BURNOUT SYNDROME AMONG NURSES DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Nugroho Sri Hananto Ponco , Widiyanto Puguh
Published: April 2022

COVID-19 pandemic has threatened public health all over the world. All healthcare professionals especially nurses are at risk of experiencing health problems either physically or psychologically. One of which is burnout syndrome. This research aimed to identify burnout syndrome among nurses. The research applied a descriptive analytics design with a cross-sectional approach. The samples were 134 nurses in a hospital in Magelang regency who obtained from purposive sampling. The data were gathered through Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Then, the data were analyzed through mean value distribution. The results showed that nurses' burnout syndrome was in a low category. Furthermore, the nurses' emotional exhaustion was in the moderate category, depersonalization was in a low category, and reduced personal accomplishment was in a low category.
UTILISATION OF UPT HEALTH SERVICES OF BANDUNG ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY BY ACADEMIC COMMUNITY
Authors: Makaginsar Caecielia , Gilang Prathama
Published: April 2022

Bandung Islamic University participates in improving public health level by building a clinic named UPT Health Services of Bandung Islamic University. However the number of visit is still low: 2.34% by students, while by staff and lecturers: 32.32%. Patients satisfaction could influence this condition. The study aim was to analyse clinic utilisation by academic community, and to know patients satisfaction. This study was a descriptive research with a survey approach. The population was academic community of Bandung Islamic University having a medical treatment at the clinic. The samples were students (172 people), staff (51 people) and lecturers (61 people) with inclusive criteria: active students, and permanent staff and lecturers, and exclusive conditions for students on leave and for staff and lecturers on going study and on leave. This study was conducted between January 2020 and December 2020. The result showing clinic utilisation  51.74% by students, 84.31% by staff, and 67.21% by lecturers was good enough. Students (51%), staff (74.4%) and lecturers (68.3) had high satisfaction level. This was proven by revisiting clinic more than 1 time by students (31.97%), staff (78.43%) and lecturers (57.38%), because patients satisfaction gives a direct impact on patients loyalty making patients revisit health services.
In vitro Analysis of the Antimicrobial Properties of Propolis Collected from Jimma, Ethiopia
Authors: Befirdu Abza Getahun , Hussien Ahmed Jemal , Paulos Getahun , Seshathri Kothai
Published: April 2022

The effectiveness of antimicrobial drugs becomes uncertain due to the emergence of multidrug resistant microorganisms, which highlights the need for alternative antibacterial agents. Natural products are of great importance in the search for biologically active compounds. The present study aimed at investigating the antibacterial properties of propolis, one of the natural bee products, against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and E. coli. Propolis was extracted using 30 %, 50 %, 70 %, and 99.9 % ethanol. The in vitro antibacterial activities of propolis extracts were evaluated by the disc diffusion method with concentrations between 500 and 4000 ?g/ml. Among the extracts, the 50 % and 70 % propolis extracts showed strong antibacterial activity against all tested strains with inhibition zones ranging from 6.64 ± 0.15 to 11.99 ± 0.04 mm. P. aeruginosa was sensitive strain to the ethanolic extracts of propolis with the highest inhibition zone diameter of 11.99 ± 0.04 mm. Statistically significant differences in growth inhibition were observed among the types of extracts (30 %, 50 %, 70 % and 99.9 %) against P. aeruginosa (p < 0.05) and E. coli (p < 0.05), but the effect was not significant on S. aureus (p > 0.05). All propolis extracts showed no effect on S. aureus at concentrations below 2000 ?g/ml. Propolis extracts showed a lower zone of inhibition compared to the effect demonstrated by the positive control. Overall, the results indicate that ethanolic extracts of Ethiopian propolis has a promising antibacterial activity which could be of an antibiotic development benefit.
Designing and Recognition of Internal Transcribed Spacer Region in Solanum Species
Authors: Dey Nibedita , Devaraji Shalini , Kamatchi C.
Published: April 2022

Identifying the authenticity of any material has been of great importance to people for decades. The use of plant-based therapy is of great interest to people all around the world. Today 1000 of plant varieties are being investigated by many researchers for their potential pharmaceutical activities. Apart from home remedies, these plant-based therapies are drawing the attention of several western countries towards patenting them for their commercial use. Even before formulation of a drug from plants, it is very essential to the purity of the variety to ensure the quality of the final product. When it comes to genome identification the first guess is always DNA barcoding. But the redundancy of the plant species towards evolution is the main reason why the closely related plant species are very difficult to classify. The mitochondrial can be preferred for DNA barcoding but has a disadvantage when it comes to plant varieties. Hence, to find the genomic uniqueness of Solanum species from our local area we opted for the utilization of internal transcribed spacers and found to be a partial ITS2 segment. The plant species were found similar to Solanum supinum and Solanum virginianum. The size of the amplified product was found to be 314, 350 and 346 bp, with respect to Sx1, Sx2 and Sx3. Although the sequence we obtained was partial ITS, it still helped us to identify the Solanum species found in our local region with great efficiency. Proper complete ITS2 sequencing is the perspective of the future work to be done.
Butanol Fraction of Rivea ornata Attenuate Endothelial Dysfunction in Rats via Modulation of Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Authors: Vijaya Jyothi Mallela , Devanna Nayakanti , Sudheer Akkiraju
Published: April 2022

Atherosclerosis is caused by vascular inflammation and oxidative stress. Pro-atherogenic effect of hypercholesterolemia caused by impairment of nitric oxide generation due to activated arginase. The study takes up to find the atheroprotective role of polyphenolic fraction of Rivea ornata leaves by using lipid emulsion induced atherosclerosis in rat model. The study carried out by studying atherogenic markers in the serum (lipid profiles, C-reactive protein), vascular tissue (myeloperoxidase, arginase, hydroxyproline, lipid peroxidation) and atheroprotective factors in the serum (paraoxonase, nitric oxide), and in the vascular tissue (thiol levels, endogenous antioxidants) after feeding the rats with lipid emulsion for 12 weeks. Treatment of polyphenolic rich butanol fraction is able to correct the imbalance of atherogenic and antiatherogenic factors induced by lipid emulsion feeding. Butanol fraction at the dose of 400 mg/kg significantly increases high density lipoprotein, paraoxonase, nitric oxide, tissue thiol levels, endogenous antioxidants and decreases total triglycerides, total cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, myeloperoxidase, arginase, hydroxyproline, lipid peroxidation. The atheroprotection reflected in histopathology studies also. Lipid emulsion associated foam cells formation is inhibited by butanol fraction. These all are due to the presence of gallic acid in polyphenol rich butanol fraction is responsible for the underlying mechanism of atheroprotection.
Development and Evaluation of a Polyherbal Tablet for Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)
Authors: Prajapati Disha , Patel Madhavi , Dharamsi Abhay
Published: April 2022

The main objective of the present study was to develop and evaluate polyherbal tablet for the treatment of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS). For the formulation of tablet, the herbs were selected based on the concepts of pathophysiology and Ayurvedic perspective of the disease. The extracts of T. foenum graceum, C. longa, B. aristata, S. asoka, B. variegata and Guggul purified in cow’s urine was used for the preparation of polyherbal tablet. The physicochemical, phytochemical evaluation and quantification of markers by HPTLC of crude drugs and extracts were performed. The guggul was used as binder in different proportion for the preparation of tablet. Pre-formulation study of the powder blend and post compression evaluation of tablet was done by various parameters like weight variation, friability, hardness, thickness, diameter, disintegration time, in-vitro dissolution and accelerated stability study. The physicochemical evaluations of crude drugs yielded results which were in accordance with the monograph’s standard values. The phytochemical analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of variety of phytoconstituents. From the results of HPTLC quantification the amount of curcumin (7.14%) in C. longa, diosgenin (40.6%) in T. foenum graceum ,T. foenum graceum, berberine hydrochloride (4.83%) in B. aristata, catechin (3.48%) in S. asoka, lupeol (0.11%) in B. variegata and Z-guggulsterone (0.140%) and E-guggulsterone (0.146%) in purified guggul was found. The micrometrics of the powder blend of all the formulations showed good flow properties. Formulation F3 showed better results compared to other formulations in post compression evaluation. Accelerated stability study showed that the formulation F3 was stable during the course of study.
Bauhinia variegata Bark Extract: Assessment of its Anti-proliferative and Apoptotic Activities on A549 and H460 Lung Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Khanna Tanvi , Dave Akash , Purani Sejal , Vedamurthy Jagath , Jivani Dhaval , Robin Pushpa
Published: April 2022

The hunt for novel anticancer drugs with minimal side effects continues. This study strengthens the claim by providing biochemical evidences of anticancer activities of Bauhinia variegata bark extracts on lung carcinoma cells (A549 and H460). Bark extracts of Bauhinia variegata were prepared by different solvents using Soxhlet apparatus and tested for their antioxidant potential by DPPH assay. The lung cancer cell lines were treated with Bauhinia variegata bark extracts and viability of cells was measured by MTT assay; metastatic ability was determined through Scratch assay and effect on DNA integrity was shown by gel electrophoresis. The Petroleum Ether Bark Extract (PEBE) inhibits proliferation (A549, IC50 = 1.5 mg/ml) at 48 h treatment. DNA damage was observed in A549 cells by agarose gel electrophoresis. The Chloroform Bark Extract (CBE) inhibited proliferation of H460 (IC50 = 1 mg/ml) with DNA damage after 24 h treatment. Soft agar assay indicated decreased ability to form colonies and scratch test showed impaired migration of A549 and H460 to PEBE and CBE treatment respectively. Apoptosis was detected using fluorescent dye staining in A549 and H460 cells. Caspase 3 activity was increased significantly in A549 and H460 cells. PEBE and CBE decrease the mitochondrial membrane potential gradient (??m) of A549 and H460 cells respectively. This study categorically proves the cytotoxic activity of Bauhinia variegata bark extracts on A549 and H460 cells.
REVISITING THE SYSTEM OF PREVENTIVE MEASURES IN THE RUSSIAN CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
Authors:   Togliatti State University, Meshcheryakova Yu. O. , Takhautdinova A. R. ,   Togliatti State University, Mychak T. V. ,   Togliatti State University
Published: April 2022

Preventive measures in the criminal procedure are the most stringent enforcement actions aimed at limiting constitutional human and civil rights and liberties, which causes greater attention to the issues of their legal regulation and application feasibility. The authors consider the concept and purposes of the preventive measures in the criminal procedure, analyze the preventive measures system, identify the tendencies to its amendment, and conclude on the necessity to reform the system of preventive measures in the criminal procedure. During the study, the authors analyzed the statements of Chapter 13 of the RF Criminal Procedure Code, as well as the contemporary scientific approaches to the understanding of the system and purposes of preventive measures in the criminal procedure. Following the results of the research and taking into account the study of law enforcement practice, the authors concluded that the preventive measures system is insufficient, which is expressed in the actual application of two measures of restraint only: a recognizance not to leave and detention, and in refusal to apply other restrictive measures due to their ineffectiveness or lack of technical feasibility for their application. The analysis of legislation in terms of regulating the procedure for the application of the preventive measures allowed formulating several proposals for improving the norms of the criminal procedure legislation of the Russian Federation aimed at increasing the efficiency of their application: to enshrine the definition of preventive measures in the RF Criminal Procedure Code; to expand the list of restrictions when applying preventive measures not related to the limitation of the freedom; to exclude personal surety, supervision of an accused minor, observation of the military unit command, and the restraining order from the list of preventive measures.
THE INFLUENCE OF AMENDMENTS OF PART 1 OF ARTICLE 144 OF THE RF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CODE ON THE STAGE OF INITIATING A CRIMINAL CASE
Authors:   Togliatti State University, Muruzidi A. V.
Published: April 2022

In 2013, based on Federal law No. 23-FZ, part 1 of Art. 144 of the RF Criminal Procedure Code was amended: it became allowed to carry out various procedural, investigative, and other actions; to explain to the participants of these actions their rights; to consider information obtained when examining crime reports as evidence. These amendments both considerably influenced understanding of the very beginning of a criminal case initiation and produced significant problems in collecting, checking, and assessing evidence as the structural elements of the proof process. The theoretical study shows that having the right to carry out procedural, investigative, and other activities at the stage of initiating a criminal case enshrined, the legislator omitted two very significant aspects. The first one is the absence of possibility to perform some actions in the order established by the RF Criminal Procedure Code as the procedure of such actions, for instance, getting the explanations, seizure of documents and things, is not regulated in any way by the RF Criminal Procedure Code. The actions regulated by the RF Criminal Procedure Code (forensic investigation appointment, examination, etc.) can be performed only within the frame of an initiated criminal case. The second one is that the expanded capabilities of investigation authorities at the stage of the criminal case initiation dissolved the boundaries between the preliminary investigation stage and the stage of initiating a criminal case actually turning the stage of initiating a criminal case into the “investigation imitation” carried out apart from the criminal procedure principles specified for the investigation.
SETTING AND SOLVING AXIOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF EDUCATION IN TEXTBOOKS ON FUNDAMENTALS OF RELIGIOUS CULTURES AND SECULAR ETHICS
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, Naumova O. S. , Drobnaya E. V. ,   Institute of Education Development in Trans-Baikal Territory
Published: April 2022

The paper analyzes the content of the textbooks on the course “Fundamentals of Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics” (FRCSE) from the perspective of setting axiological problems aimed at civic, cultural, and ethical education of schoolchildren. The authors discuss fundamental issues that reveal the axiological content of the FRCSE textbooks used by the local teachers on the Trans-Baikal Territory. The analysis focuses on such issues as culture and attitude towards it, historical aspects of the subject modules, worldview, the source of the concepts of the world, the essence of a person, the purpose of life, morality and the Golden Rule of ethics, the concepts of good and evil, repentance and penitence, compassion and mercy, man and Motherland, defense of the Motherland, man and family, man and nature, man and labor, shrines, and cultural traditions. The authors come to the conclusion that a lot of the issues proposed for study in all textbooks have much in common and contribute to the development of the individual values-based attitude to the world. Still, there is a difference in the spiritual aspects of the content of different modules of the course. The fact is emphasized that information from the module “Fundamentals of World Religious Cultures” can hardly be perceived by a 10-year-old child and does not contribute to the development of their axiological position, and the preservation of their informational and spiritual security.
THE INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION ON SOLID SOLUTION AND STRAIN HARDENING OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OF FCC HIGH-ENTROPY ALLOYS
Authors:   National Research Tomsk State University, Vyrodova A. V.
Published: April 2022

A characteristic feature of high-entropy alloys is high strength at maintaining plasticity, wear and corrosion resistance, and fracture toughness at cryogenic temperatures. Currently, CoCrFeNiMn is the best-investigated high-entropy compound. However, its application is limited in the high-temperature region due to the low values of the deforming stress level at the plasticity breaking point at T>296 K. One of the common ways to improve the material durability is the addition of substitution atoms of larger atomic radius, and Al, Ti, and Mo are some of these atoms. The paper presents the analysis of the mechanical behavior of single crystals of CoCrFeNiMn and CoCrFeNiMо FCC high-entropy alloys (at. %) oriented along the [001] direction: the author studied the temperature dependence of critical shear stresses τcr(T) within the temperature range of T=77–973K, the type of dislocation structure, strain hardening coefficient θII, plasticity and fracture at Т=296 K under tension. The study shows that the alloying with Mo atoms 4 at. % of the CoCrFeNi system (at. %) causes the solid solution hardening, and critical shear stresses τcr increase within the entire studied temperature range. The onset of plastic deformation is associated with slip at all temperature tests. At T=296 K, the author identified a planar dislocation structure with flat dislocation pile-ups and dislocation networks in CoCrFeNiMo while in equiatomic CoCrFeNiMn, at such test temperature, a uniform distribution of dislocations was observed in several systems without flat pile-ups. Work hardening coefficient, plasticity, and the level of stresses before fracture turn out to be similar in [001]-crystals of CoCrFeNiMo and CoCrFeNiMn high-entropy alloys, which are determined by the development of slip deformation simultaneously in several systems. Crystals are destroyed viscously at 296 K at the same level of stress.
SPECIAL ASPECTS OF STRUCTURE FORMATION OF A TRANSITION ZONE IN A LAYER COMPOSITE PRODUCED BY EXPLOSION WELDING
Authors:   Penza State University, Rozen A. E. , Kharina I. L. ,   JSC “RPA “CNIITMASH”, Gudenko A. S. ,   JSC “RPA “CNIITMASH”, Pryshchak A. V. ,   Penza State University, Khorin A. V. ,   Penza State University, Batrashov V. M. ,   Penza State University, Guskov M. S. ,   Penza State University, Rozen A. A. ,   Penza State University, Kozlov D. V. ,   Penza State University
Published: April 2022

The paper presents the research on special aspects of structure formation in the transition zones of a layer metal material made of structural carbon and alloy stainless steels with an internal protector. The authors specify the order of layers arrangement. As an industrial method of producing such a material, the explosion welding technology was selected, which ensures the production of three-, four- and six-layer materials with one and two internal protectors per one explosion. The selection of optimal process parameters was carried out using computer modeling in the LS-DYNA software product. By calculation, the authors determined the main technological parameters of the process, which provide in the contact zone at each interlayer boundary the ratio of the amplitude of the generated waves to their length in the range from 0.3 to 0.5. Mechanical tests of multilayer workpieces were carried out. The shear strength of layers was from 320 to 410 MPa, the ultimate tensile strength of the main layer was from 520 to 710 MPa, the impact resistance was from 290 to 740 kJ/m2, and the bending angle under static loading was 140 degrees and higher. The authors determined the phase composition and characteristics of the crystallographic structure of transition zones of a layer metal material with an internal protector. The study identified the presence of γ-Fe with a face-centered crystal lattice, two cubic structures, one hexagonal, and one orthorhombic. On the samples with artificial pitting, the authors determined their influence on the rate of anodic dissolution of a protective layer when contacting with an aggressive environment. The study shows that the interlayer boundaries with a homogeneous structure and minimal thickness have the highest corrosion resistance.
THE INFLUENCE OF AGING ON PHASE COMPOSITION AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF VANADIUM-ALLOYED HIGH-NITROGEN STEEL
Authors:   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tumbusova I. A. ,   Tomsk Polytechnic University, Maier G. G. ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: April 2022

Complex solid solution hardening of austenitic chrome-manganese steels by nitrogen and carbon is one of the most effective ways of production of high-nitrogen austenitic steels (HNS) without using special casting methods. To enhance the solubility of interstitials in the metal liquid state and suppress undesired secondary phases of Cr2N and Cr23C6, the carbide-forming elements (for instance, vanadium) are added to the HNS composition. By now, there are no experimental works on the age-hardening of ultrahigh-interstitial vanadium steels (more than 1 % wt.). In the present work, the authors used the X-ray structure analysis method, electron microscopy, and the uniaxial static tensile tests to study the effect of temperature (600 °С and 700 °С) and duration (0.5 h, 5 h) of age-hardening on the structure and mechanical properties of ultrahigh-interstitial vanadium-containing Cr–Mn steel (Fe–22Cr–26Mn–1.3V–0.7C–1.2N, N+C=1.9 % wt.). The experiments demonstrated that due to the complex decomposition (by intermittent and continuous mechanisms) of austenite saturated by interstitials, the aging at 600 °С and 700 °С is accompanied by a solid-solution hardening of the austenitic phase by carbonitrides Cr2(N, С) and (V,Cr)(N,С). The study identified that the increased temperature and prolongation of age-hardening stimulate the movement of intermittent decomposition front from the boundaries to the center of austenitic grains. (V,Cr)(N,С) particles formed by the continuous decomposition in the austenitic grains hinder the propagation of the reaction front, meanwhile, the large spherical (V,Cr)(N,C) and Cr2(N,C) particles, not dissolved after quenching, have little effect on its movement. At the chosen age-hardening modes, the yield strength of steel increases, and the fracture elongation decreases.
Insights into Physicochemical Assessment of Shade Tree Litter Biomass in Tea Plantations of Terai Region
Authors: Ghosh Arindam , Majumder Soumya , Sarkar Sahadeb , Bhattacharya Malay
Published: April 2022

Tea is a major plantation crop and the socioeconomic pillar of Terai region of West Bengal. Use of various inorganic fertilizers may have increased the crop production but affected the environment badly. Importance of biomass of different trees in accumulation of carbon had long been known but few studies on characterization of biomass accumulation are reported. So, selection of different species for getting the good amount of organic nutrients is important. In tea plantation, various leguminous trees are used as shade trees. This research, conducted in the tea plantation of University of North Bengal, has provided some approaches which could possibly reduce the application of inorganic fertilizers. Different tests on physicochemical parameters, micronutrients status, biomass etc. were conducted with the collected plant litters. The results of this comparative analysis suggested and validated the beneficial effects of each shade tree in organically maintaining nutrient profile of tea plantation soil.
Silver Modified Atraumatic Restorative Technique: A Way Towards “SMART” Pediatric Dentistry During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Natarajan Divya
Published: April 2022

As the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic outbreak continues to be a global public health concern, dentists should seek means to provide oral health care with minimal risk. To meet the recommendations of the Center for Disease Control, alternative non-aerosol generating techniques have been proposed to minimize the risk of disease transmission to patients and dental healthcare personnel. Among recent materials, silver diammine fluoride (SDF) has been shown to be effective in preventing and arresting caries. This along with an atraumatic restorative treatment with glass ionomer cements (GICs) makes it a potentially attractive adjunctive therapy for caries management in pediatric patients. In this technique, SDF is applied over carious tissue and the lesion is restored with auto-polymerizing GIC. This review article aims to provide a practical background and clinical guide for the application of silver-modified atraumatic restorative technique (SMART) as a safe way to provide dental services to children during the pandemic.
Oral Health Status and Related Factors in Children with Visual Impairment Aged 7-11 Years: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sharififard Nasrin , Sargeran Katayoun , Gholami Mahdia
Published: April 2022

Objectives: We aimed to investigate oral health, oral hygiene, and associated factors in children with visual impairment aged 7-11 years.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 47 children with visual impairment aged 7-11 years who were selected from all three schools available for visually impaired children in Tehran in December 2018. Questions regarding age, gender, status of visual impairment, level of education of the parents, self-reported dental and gingival health, oral health, and dietary habits were asked face-to-face using the World Health Organization oral health questionnaire for children. The decayed, missing, and filled teeth index for both primary (dmft) and permanent (DMFT) dentitions was determined by clinical examination. Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were also assessed. Linear and logistic regression tests were used for statistical analysis.
Results: Over 70% of the children were satisfied with their dental and gingival health. Daily brushing was reported by 70.2%. Over half of the children reported daily consumption of fruits and jam/honey. The mean dmft and DMFT scores were 2.85±3.21 and 0.81±1.15, respectively. The mean OHI-S was 2.09±0.58. Also, 57.4% and 34% of the children had unrestored caries in their primary and permanent teeth, respectively. BOP was seen in 78.7% of the children. A significant correlation was observed between toothache in the past 12 months and dmft score (P<0.003). Daily tooth brushing was inversely correlated with OHI-S index (P=0.02).
Conclusion: The results highlight an urgent need for implementation of oral health programs for visually impaired children.
Sailing through the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond: An Evidence-Based Analysis for Dental Healthcare and Practice
Authors: Singh Harpreet , Sachdeva Shabina , Srivastava Dhirendra , Kapoor Pranav , Sharma Poonam , Maurya Raj Kumar , Roy Pinaki
Published: April 2022

This integrative review aims to provide a consolidated evidence-based appraisal of the most up-to-date guidelines and recommendations of international public and professional health regulatory bodies in relation to preparedness framework for restructuring safe delivery of dental services amid and beyond the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Most recent updated guidelines for dental professionals from major international health regulatory bodies were reviewed. PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, WHO COVID-19 and LILACS databases, along with relevant preprints were searched, and citations were checked up to January 23, 2021. The search was performed by one author. Shortlisted articles were read and brought to consensus to be included in the study by at least two co-authors. In case of any disagreement between the judgements, an independent co-author’s decision was taken as final. Of 849 records searched, 61 articles were included in the study. Following content analysis of the global guidelines and the collected prevailing evidence, the common themes and recommendations of different guidance documents were collated and summarized into seven domains. Most guidelines have a consensus regarding implementation of rigorous administrative, engineering and environmental infection control strategies. However, variations do exist with regard to the use of respirators in non-aerosol-generating procedure (non-AGP) settings, employment of airborne precautions during non-AGPs, use of supplemental air-handling systems, and preoperative use of mouthwashes. This evidence-based analysis can serve as a useful reopening resource tool and facilitate effective restructuring for delivery of optimal, equitable and safe dental practices globally, during and while emerging from the pandemic.
Korean Adolescent Patient with Manifestations of Lymphocyte Variant Hypereosinophilic Syndrome and Episodic Angioedema with Eosinophilia, Treated with Reslizumab
Authors: Jue Jie Hee , Shim Ye Jee , Park Sunggyun , Kim Do-Hoon , Jung Hye Ra
Published: April 2022

A four-year-old female patient visited the pediatric hematologic clinic due to periodic generalized edema and eosinophilia. Laboratory assessment showed an eosinophil count of 40.02×109/L (73.6% of white blood cells). A bone marrow aspirate smear film showed no signs of malignant cells but had hypercellular marrow particles with eosinophilia (45% of all nucleated cells) and 52% of eosinophils were immature. Other laboratory tests showed an increased IgM level of 827 mg/dL, and lymphocyte phenotyping by flow cytometry revealed an aberrant CD3−CD4+ T-cell population of 27–53×109/L (1.9–3.6% of lymphocytes). Polymerase chain reaction analysis for the T-cell receptor gamma gene rearrangement showed a T-cell clonality peak. At the age of 13, allogeneic stem cell transplantation was performed, but with primary rejection. From the age of 17, she has continued receiving 3 mg/kg of reslizumab intravenously every 4 weeks for 21 months. Since reslizumab treatment was initiated, her eosinophil count remained consistently within the normal range. This is the first report describing the effective use of reslizumab in a Korean adolescent patient for the management of lymphocytic-variant hypereosinophilic syndrome (L-HES). Since the patient showed clinical manifestations of L-HES as well as episodic angioedema with eosinophilia (EAE), a continuous periodic examination is required given the higher risk of developing lymphoma or leukemia.
Allium Vegetables Intake and Risk of Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Jinhang , Yang Jing
Published: April 2022

Background: Intake of allium vegetables may modify the risk of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to examine the association between allium vegetables intake and breast cancer risk via a meta-analysis.
Methods: PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Scopus and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were electronically searched up to June 2021 to identify relevant studies. We used random-effect models to calculate pooled risk estimates and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for risk of breast cancer with allium vegetables intake.
Results: A total of 17 studies were included in this meta-analysis on the association of total allium vegetables, garlic and onion intake with breast cancer risk. The combined risk estimate of breast cancer for the highest vs lowest category of total allium vegetables, garlic and onion intake was 0.70 (95% CI: 0.49-0.91, P < 0.001), 0.77 (95% CI: 0.61-0.93, P = 0.016) and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.53-0.98, P < 0.001), respectively. A significant heterogeneity was found among studies for all three pooled analyses.
Conclusion: High intake of allium vegetables may be protective against the development of breast cancer. Further well-designed prospective studies are needed to confirm the results.
Nursing Practice Combined with Scene Simulation Teaching Mode in Standardized Training and Teaching for Newly Recruited Nurses in Post Anesthesia Care Unit
Authors: Guo Lijuan , Yin Xiaorong , Zeng Xiaoqi , Tang Lu , Zhang Dengsuo
Published: April 2022

Background: To explore the application of nursing practice combined with scene simulation teaching mode in standardized training and teaching for newly recruited nurses in Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) and its impact on their emergency response ability and competence.
Methods: From Jan 2019 to Jan 2020, a total of 120 PACU nurses with professional qualification certificates in West China Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, China were enrolled and randomized into group A (n=60) and group B (n=60). Conventional standardized PACU training and teaching was applied in group B, and nursing practice combined with scene simulation teaching mode was applied in group A. After training for 12 weeks, the examination scores, competence and emergency response ability in the two groups were compared.
Results: After training, the scores of theoretical examination, comprehensive scene simulation and nursing document in group A were conspicuously higher than those in group B (P<0.001). After training, the competence and emergency response ability in group A were significantly higher than those in group B (P<0.001).
Conclusion: With a better training effect, nursing practice combined with scene simulation teaching mode can enhance the emergency response ability and competence for nurses in PACU, which should be promoted in practice.
Drug Resistance and Biofilm Formation in Candida Species of Vaginal Origin
Authors: Alikhani Tahereh , Ghazvini Roshanak Daie , Mirzaii Mehdi , Hashemi Seyed Jamal , Fazli Mozhgan , Rafat Zahra , Roostaei Davoud , Ardi Pegah , Kamali Sarvestani Hasti , Zareei Mahdi
Published: April 2022

Background: Candida species are normal vaginal flora in healthy women, which can cause vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). The formation of biofilm is a cause of drug resistance in Candida species of vaginal origin. We aimed to specify Candida species cause VVC, detect their biofilm-forming ability, and antifungal susceptibility pattern.
Methods: Overall 150 vaginal samples were collected from suspected cases of referring to Bahar Hospital of Shahroud, Iran between Jan 2018 and Jan 2019. Samples were cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA), Chrome gar Candida and Corn meal agar (CMA). PCR-RFLP was performed to confirm the identification. Biofilm formation of the identified species was measured by the Crystal Violet method. The susceptibility to fluconazole, clotrimazole, and miconazole was determined based on the CLSI document M27-A3.
Results: Of 50 women (33.3%) were suffering from VVC. C.albicans was the predominant species isolated in this study (n=39, 78%) followed by C. glabratia (n=11, 22%). In addition, in 25 (50%) of positive samples, biofilm formation was determined. The mean MIC of fluconazole and clotrimazole for C. albicans was 5.02 μg /mL and 3.92 μg /mL, respectively. Furthermore, the mean MIC related to these drugs for C. glabrata was 12.45 μg / mL and 4.1μg / mL, respectively. The mean diameter of miconazole inhibition zone for C. albicans and C. glabra isolates was 25.13 mm and 24.5mm, respectively and all of them were susceptible to this drug.
Conclusion: C.albicans was the predominant Candida species isolated from patients with VVC and also was the predominant biofilm producer species.
Control of Toxocara canis with Nematophagous Fungus: Perspective to Public Health
Authors: Da Silva Bruna Ferreira , Ferraz Carolina Magri , Freitas Soares Filippe Elias De , Tobias Fernando Luiz , Hiura Emy , Garcia Lopes Aline Del Carmem , Santos Horta Rodrigo Dos , Correia Lima José Antônio , Sobral Samilla Alves , De Araújo Jackson Victor , Braga Fábio Ribeiro
Published: April 2022

The article's abstract is not available.
Nutrition in the archaeological expeditions of Karelia in the 1980s: an ethnographic essay
Authors:   Center for Humanitarian Problems of the Barents Region FRC Kola SC RAS, Shakhnovich M.M.
Published: April 2022

The paper is devoted to the research, based on personal experience and aimed at studying the mental aspects of the work and life of professional archaeologists in expeditions in Karelia in the 1980s. In modern anthropology, this area is called autoethnography. The author does not set analytical tasks, concentrating on describing the details and vocabulary of one of the aspects of the expedition life - nutrition. It describes in detail the purchase of products, the design of the "forest kitchen", special dishes, cooking on a fire, a feast. There are no special papers on the study of the mental aspects of the work and life of archaeologists in Russian expeditions.
Characteristics of the landownersвЂ™ estates of the Vologda province obtained by the Appanage Department in 1804 and 1824
Authors:   Institute of Language, Literature and History FRC Komi SC UB RAS, Kotov P.P.
Published: April 2022

Analysis of archival sources shows that in 1804 the Appanage Department obtained a rather large estate of Princess V.A. Shakhovskaya in the north-eastern part of the Vologda province. As a result, the appanage holdings were significantly expanded in Solvychegodsk uyezd and appeared in Velikoustyug uyezd. In the same year, in the south of the province, in the Vologda uyezd, four villages of the landowner F. Sokolova were purchased, which increased the number of state peasants in the uyezd by almost a third. After the acquisition of the patrimonial estate of Prince Shcherbatov, the number of appanage villages was replenished in the Kadnikovsk uyezd of the Vologda province and the number of state peasants in the Gryazovets uyezd increased by 95%. After the purchase of the landowners' estates in the Vologda province, the structure of the lower peasant administration was supplemented with two appanage divisions and three volosts. At the time of the purchase, the noble estates had a higher proportion of workers relative to the proportion of workers in the appanage villages of the province. These landowners' serfs, in comparison with the state peasants, were better provided with arable land, hay and forest land, working and productive cattle. Therefore, in the landowners' estates, there were more favorable conditions for managing than in the appanage villages of the Vologda province. It is quite understandable that the landlord serfs, relative to the state peasants, mostly paid higher monetary payments in favor of the owner, although in the Shakhovskaya estate, 40.5 % of peasants had the opposite situation. Six years after the purchase, the monetary dues for the former serfs of Princess Shakhovskaya and the landowner Sokolova were equal to the appanage dues, while the former peasants of the Shcherbatov patrimonial estate paid much larger dues until the reform of 1863.
mTOR: signaling, regulation, effect on metabolism, role in the regulation of life expectancy and tumor growth
Authors:   Ural State Medical University, Kornilov D.О. , Tryapitsyn M.A. , Grebnev D.Yu.
Published: April 2022

mTOR is a mechanical target of rapamycin, con¬sisting of a subunit of two catalytic complexes mTORC1 and mTORC2. mTORC1 regulates cell growth and metabolism, mTORC2 controls pro¬liferation and survival. The mTOR pathway has multiple regulatory mechanisms: humoral, en¬ergy status, cytokines, and MAPK signaling pathways. mTOR is involved in protein synthesis through phosphorylation and activation of sev¬eral substrates that promote initiation, transla¬tion of mRNA and increase the efficiency of translation of spliced mRNAs, suppresses pro¬tein catabolism, primarily autophagy, partici¬pates in glucose and insulin metabolism, acti¬vating pancreatic β-cell hyperplasia and stimu¬lating gluconeogenesis, participates in the me¬tabolism of glutamine. It activates adipocyte proliferation and lipid synthesis. It is an im¬portant regulator of many neurological and im¬mune processes. The transmission of mTOR sig¬nals is involved in the aging process. mTOR is also involved in the initiation of the develop-ment of many types of tumor growth.
Variability of hematological parameters in different species of laboratory mice
Authors:   Institute of Biology FRC Komi SC UB RAS, Ermakova A.V. , Kudyasheva A.G.
Published: April 2022

In scientific research, when conducting experiments, the so-called norms which are used to differentiate the state of health and pathology, are important. At the same time, the requirements for the quality of laboratory animals and their standardization as an object of research are increasing. These are mice of different species that are the main objects used in biomedical research in experiments when analyzing the age-related variability and toxicity of drugs of a chemical nature, modeling the effects of a physical nature, which allow us to obtain objective data. The study of hematological parameters of peripheral blood consisted in determining the clinical parameters of normal blood in laboratory mice (males) of various species and ages, being under standard vivarium conditions, obtained from the “Scientific Collection of Experimental Animals “UNU” (http://www.ckp-rf.ru/usu/ 471933) of the Institute of Biology, Federal Research Centre, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, RAS. The content of the main blood parameters was determined in four types of mice: outbred mice (1- and 5-months), CBA/lac (5 months), AF (6–11-months), DBA (16-months) belonging to different age groups of animals (immature, sexually mature and old animals). Relative stability and low variability of hematological parameters were established, especially in linear mice species. The data obtained supplement the understanding of the influence of the age and species of laboratory mice on the nature of the content and variability of individual blood elements. Laboratory animals of different species, lines and ages, bred in standard vivarium conditions, can be recommended when choosing them for conducting experiments and studying patterns in biomedical research.