bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification and verification of circRNA biomarkers for coronary artery disease based on WGCNA and the LASSO algorithm
Authors: Zhong Qilong , Jin Shaoyue , Zhang Zebo , Qian Haiyan , Xie Yanqing , Yan Peiling , He Wenming , Zhang Lina
Published: March 2024

Background: The role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) as biomarkers of coronary artery disease (CAD) remains poorly explored. The aim of the current study was to identify and validate potential circulating circRNA as biomarkers for the diagnosis of CAD.
Methods:CircRNAs expression profile data of CAD was acquired from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differential gene expression analysis, weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operation (LASSO) were used to screen CAD-related hub circRNAs. The expression levels of hub circRNAs were further verified by qRT-PCR in the blood of 100 CAD patients and 100 control individuals. The diagnostic potential of circRNAs was evaluated using logistic regression analysis, receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis, integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), and net reclassification improvement (NRI). Functional enrichment analysis were performed to predict the possible mechanisms of circRNAs in CAD.
Results:Herein, 10 CAD-related hub circRNAs were revealed byWGCNA and Lasso analysis. Among these, hsa_circ_0069972 and hsa_circ_0021509 were highly expressed in blood samples of CAD patients, and they were identified as independent predictors after adjusting for relevant confounders. The area under the ROC curve of hsa_circ_0069972 and hsa_circ_0021509 were 0.760 and 0.717, respectively. The classification of patients was improved with the incorporation of circRNAs into the clinical model composed of conventional cardiovascular risk factors, showing an IDI of 0.131 and NRI of 0.170 for hsa_circ_0069972, and an IDI of 0.111 and NRI of 0.150 for hsa_circ_0021509. Functional enrichment analysis showed that hsa_circ_0069972-miRNA-mRNA network was enriched in TGF-β、FoxO and Hippo signaling pathways, and hsa_circ_0021509-miRNA-mRNA network was enriched in PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways.
Conclusion: Hsa_circ_0069972 and hsa_circ_0021509 are identified by integrated analysis, and they are highly expressed in CAD patients. They may serve as novel biomarkers for CAD.
Antibacterial and antioxidant properties of sumac aqueous extract on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Farazandehnia Nafiseh , Sotoudegan Farzaneh , Sepahy Abbas Akhavan , Fazeli Mohammad reza
Published: March 2024

The research aimed to evaluate the antioxidative and antibacterial characteristics of aqueous sumac extract on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) through in vitro and in vivo study. Sumac extract has been obtained through the soaking method, and its antioxidant properties were gauged using the DPPH free radical scavenging method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of sumac extract was determined on S. aureus obtained from hospitalized patients, as well as an assessment of biofilm-formation and the release of bacterial intracellular compounds. in vivo experimentation involved injecting bacteria (108 cfu/ml) into mice, which subsequently manifested indicators of symptoms of infection, and the number of bacteria within their bloodstream was quantified. The Sumac extract demonstrated strong antioxidant properties at concentrations of 1000 mg/ml. The study identified 190 bacterial samples as Staphylococcus aureus using the gram, mannitol, coagulase, and DNase agar tests. These bacteria were resistant to clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, and methicillin antibiotics, but sensitive to erythromycin and penicillin antibiotics. Additionally, the bacteria displayed significant methicillin resistance and formed a strong biofilm (65.78%). The sumac extract showed a MIC range of 125–1000 µg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus. Treatment with concentrations below the MIC was found to prevent the formation of biofilm and increase the release of bacterial intracellular compounds. Sumac extract led to a decrease in bacterial count in the blood of mice and reduced signs of infection. Sumac extract demonstrated powerful antioxidant and antibacterial effects against resistant microorganisms, suggesting its potential as a promising compound for the treatment of resistant infections in future research.
Unveiling the Hidden Dangers: Enteropathogens Carried by Flies in Pudong New Area
Authors: Lin Chen , Liu Jun , Yuan Yongting , Yu Siyu , Feng Lei , Gu Yingpei , Lu Xinchen , Liu Jingyi , Li Huihui , Hu Chenxi , Liu Hongxia , Liu Hanzhao
Published: March 2024

Background: Flies are acknowledged as vectors of diseases transmitted through mechanical means and represent a significant risk to human health. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of enteropathogens carried by flies in Pudong New Area to inform strategies for preventing and controlling flies.
Methods: Samples were collected from various locations in the area using cage trappingtechniques between April and November 2021，encompassing various habitats such as parks, residential areas, farmers' markets. The main fly species were identified using cryomicrography and taxonomic enumeration, with 20 samples per tube collected from different habitats. 25 enteropathogens were also screened using GI_Trial v3 TaqManTM microbial arrays.
Results: A total of 3,875 flies were collected from 6,400 placements, resulting in an average fly density of 0.61 flies per cage. Musca M. domestica were the most common species at 39.85%, followed by L. sericata at 16.57% and B. peregrina at 13.14%. Out of 189 samples, 92 tested positive for enteropathogens, with nine different pathogens found. 12.70% of samples exclusively had parasites, a higher percentage than those with only bacteria and viruses. The study discovered that M. domestica had fewer enteropathogens compared to L. sericata and B. peregrina, which mainly carried B. hominis instead of bacteria and viruses like Escherichia coli(E. coli), Astrovirus and Sapovirus. In spring testing, all three fly species showed low rates of detecting enteropathogens. M. domestica were found in residential areas with the highest number of pathogen species, totaling six, whereas the L. sericata and B. peregrina were identified in farmers' markets with the highest number of pathogen species, totaling six and seven, respectively.
Conclusions: Flies have the potential to serve as vectors for the transmission of enteropathogens, thereby posing a substantial risk to public health.
CO2 emissions during the 2023 eruption in Reykjanes, Iceland: δ13C tracks magma degassing
Authors: Fischer Tobias , Mandon Celine , Nowicki Scott , Ericksen John , Vilches Felipe Rojas , Pfeffer Melissa , Aiuppa Alessandro , Bitetto Marcello , Vitale Angelo , Fricke Matthew , Moses Melanie , Stefánsson Andri
Published: March 2024

We report CO2 emission rates and plume δ13C during the July 2023 eruption at Litli Hrútur in the Fagradalsfjall region of the Reykjanes Peninsula. The CO2 emission rates were measured by UAV utilizing a new method of data extrapolation that enables obtaining rapid flux results of dynamic eruption plumes. The δ13C values are consistent with extensive magma degassing fractionation during and after the eruption. Our results show that rapid, real-time CO2 flux measurements coupled with isotopic values of samples collected at the same time provide key insights into the dynamics of volcanic eruptions and have the potential of forecasting the onset and termination of activity.
A novel histidine functionalized chitosan nanoformulation: Synthesis, characterization and its bioactivity in tomato plant
Authors: Meena Mahendra , Saharan Vinod , Meena K. K. , Singh Balraj , Pilania Shalini , Gupta N. K. , Pal Ajay , Garhwal O. P. , Sharma Y. K. , Singh Uadal , Bagri Rajesh , Sharma M. K. , Sharma Rachna , Jakhar B. L. , Chandel Piyush , Prajapati Damyanti , Mondal Kinjal , Mahala Mital , Bairwa D. K. , Meena Madhu Bai
Published: March 2024

The use of novel active ingredients for the functional modification of chitosan nanoformulations has attracted global attention. In this study, chitosan has been functionalized via histidine to craft novel chitosan-histidine nanoformulation (C-H NF) via the ionic gelation method. C-H NF exhibited elite physico-biochemical properties, influencing physiological and biochemical dynamics in tomato crops. Elite properties include homogenous-sized nanoparticles, lower PDI, viscosity, higher zeta potential, nanoparticle concentration/ml, conductivity, encapsulation efficiency, and yield. FTIR spectroscopy revealed histidine interaction with C-H NF, while SEM and TEM exposed its porous structure. Application of C-H NF to tomato seedling and potted plants via seed treatment and foliar spray positively impacts growth parameters, antioxidant-defense enzyme activities, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, and chlorophyll and nitrogen content. We claim that the histidine-functionalized chitosan nanoformulation enhances physico-biochemical properties, highlighting its potential to elevate biochemical and physiological processes of tomato plant.
Pollen dispersal distance is determined by phenology and ancillary traits but not floral gender in an andromonoecious, fly-pollinated alpine herb
Authors: Chen Kai-Hsiu , Pannell John R.
Published: March 2024

Pollen-mediated gene flow and spatial genetic structure have rarely been studied in alpine plants pollinated by Dipteran insects. Furthermore, it is not clear how different floral traits, such as floral gender, phenology, and ancillary traits, may affect pollen dispersal distance within a population. In this study, we conducted a paternity analysis to track pollen flow in a population of Pulsatilla alpina, an andromonoecious alpine herb producing male and bisexual flowers. We found that the pollen was dispersed over short distances (mean = 3.16 meters) with a dispersal kernel of Weibull distribution. Nonetheless, spatial genetic structure was weak in the population (Sp statistic = 0.013), pointing to effective seed dispersal. The pollen dispersal distance was independent of the gender of the flower of origin but depended positively on floral stalk height and negatively on flowering date and tepal length. Although male siring success did not correlate with pollen dispersal distance, selection may favor traits increasing pollen dispersal distance as a result of reduced bi-parental inbreeding. Our study has not only provided new insights into the nature of pollen dispersal, especially of alpine plants, but has also revealed the effects of floral traits on an important component of male reproductive success.
The Trend of Neglected Tropical Diseases in Gonji Kollela District in Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia: A Retrospective Study (2013-2022).
Authors: Damtie Destaw , Ambelu Gizew Chekol , Belay Denekew Bitew
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to assess the trends of diseases, including Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) among 1266 patients enrolled in three health centers from 2013-2022, in Gonji Kollela district of the Amhara region, Ethiopia. Sixty-one diseases ((56 non-NTDs (91.7%) and 5 NTDs (8.3%)) were reported. The top 13 most prevalent diseases in the research area were: Pneumonia (9.2%), Acute Febrile illness (8.8%), Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (7.4%), Intestinal Parasites (7.3%), Dyspepsia (6.7%), Trauma (6%), Helminthiasis (4.7%), Malaria (4.3%), Urinary Tract Infection (3.7%), Tonsilitis (3.1%), Skin Infection (2.7%), and Scabies and Muscle Disease (2.4%). The prevalence of NTDs was Helminthiasis (4.7%), Scabies (2.4%), Eye Disease (0.9%), Rabies (0.2%), and Podoconiosis (0.1%). Males (62.3%) had higher infection rates than females (37.7%). NTD prevalence was highest among males (5.2%), ages 18-64 (5%), at Geregera Health Center (3.1%), and in rural areas (6.6%). Statistical analyses revealed significant mean differences among the five NTDs, with Helminthiasis consistently higher. Scabies also showed higher means than Eye Disease and Rabies, while Eye Disease surpassed Podoconiosis. No significant differences are found between Scabies and Eye Disease, Eye Disease and Rabies, or Rabies and Podoconiosis.
Impact of rhizosphere bacterial strains usage as biofertilizers inhibiting fungal growth and enhance the growth and immunity of sprouted barely an alternative feed for livestock
Authors: HUSSEIN WALAA , FAHIM SAMEH , Ramadan Walaa A. , Mahmoud Fatma E.
Published: March 2024

Egypt faces challenge in supplementing animal feed requirements which add huge pressure on the budget and foreign currency reserves annually leading to the importance of finding alternative solutions. The sprouted barley is considered one of these recent alternatives to animal feed which faces challenges in controlling the rate of seed germination due to the growth of fungi that consume the oxygen necessary for germination in addition to aflatoxins formation and its harmful effect on animal health. Biofertilizers plant growth promoting bacteria PGPB is considered a practice and safe solution. In this work, five tomato rhizobacterial strains were isolated and identified using 16S rRNA gene and were closely related to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Peribacillus frigoritolerans, Pseudomonas flourescens, Bacillus pumilus, and Paenibacillus uliginis, respectively. We reported here that most of these five isolates exhibited multiple PGP characteristics (PGPC), including the production of ACC deaminase, Indole-Acetic Acid (IAA), chelating siderophores and phosphate solubilization. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BMG150 isolate exhibited the highest values for all the PGPC except siderophores production (1457 nmol, 37.4 µg/ ml, and 3.7 mg/ml, respectively). We also scanned the presence/ absence of the non-ribosomal peptide gene clusters in the five isolates as an important PGPC using bioinformatics tools and NRPs degenerate primers. All five isolates showed the presence of NRPs gene clusters with the superiority of NRPs number for the strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BMG150 (surfactin, fengycin or plipastatin, iturin and bacillibactin siderophore). According to these results, we used this latter strain, Pseudomonas flourescens PMG01 separately and a formula of the other three isolated strains as biofertilizers in sprouted barley cultivation which proved their efficiency in promoting their growth characteristics and reduced fungal growth which reflected on protein pattern.
IGF-1 c.258 A > G synonymous mutation ameliorates senile osteoporosis
Authors: Hao Linlin , Wang Zhaoguo , Dai Dayou , Wang Siyao , Zhang Libo , Li Yi , Zhang Xunming , Cheng Yunyun
Published: March 2024

Senile osteoporosis SOP is a multifactorial, age-related progressive phenomenon that leads to an increased susceptibility to fragility fractures. IGF-1 is an important regulator of bone reconstruction and metabolism. Nevertheless, we unexpectedly found IGF-1 c.258A>G synonymous mutation did not alter bone growth at sexual maturation under expression change of IGF-1. Considering the RNA-seq results that c.258A>G involved in cellular senescence, we suspected c.258A>G may participate in SOP. Therefore, the effect of IGF-1 c.258A>G on SOP was firstly detected by in vivo assays, the changes of BMD, bone formation and resorption index as well as the expression of related genes in Gal-induced SOP mice with two genotypes indicated it resisted SOP. Then, the in vitro study of H2O2-induced primary osteoblasts and MC3T3-E1 cells confirmed the IGF-1 c.258A>G ameliorates SOP by promoting the proliferation, migration, differentiation and mineralization. At last, co-culture system of two genotypes osteoblast and osteoclast further verified the mutation prevents SOP by increasing the bone formation capacity. Collectively, this study illuminated the role of IGF-1 c.258A>G in ameliorating SOP, which may be identified as an adjuvant therapy target for SOP. To our knowledge, this is one of the few studies that have been done in animals on the function of synonymous mutations.
The efficacy of Memantine combined with Speech language therapy for post stroke non-fluent aphasia rehabilitation: A randomized controlled clinical study
Authors: Li Chaojinzi , Mi Haixia , Tao Yuanyuan , Lei Xingxing , Sun Rong , Xiao Lin , Le Jie , Xu Shu , Song Luping , Du Xiaoxia
Published: March 2024

Background
Aphasia is a common complication after stroke, and traditional speech or language therapy has a limited effect on post-stroke aphasia. This randomized, controlled, open-label study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of intensive speech and language therapy together with memantine on speech and cognitive function in patients with non-fluent aphasia after stroke.
Methods
Fifty post stroke non-fluent aphasia patients with unilateral left hemispheric infarction or hemorrhage were recruited and randomly divided into speech language therapy (SLT) group or Memantine group. The SLT group will receive only SLT treatment and placebo, while Memantine group will receive memantine combined with SLT treatment. Primary outcome measure will include the Western Aphasia Battery (WAB)-Aphasia Quotient from baseline to endpoint, Secondary outcomes measure will include Mini-Mental State Examination score. Assessment data were collected at baseline, Week4(Visit 1), Week 8 (Visit 2), Week 12 (Visit 3), and Week 16 (Visit 4).
Results
On the basis of consistent baseline data, the language function of the two groups improved after treatment (p < 0.001). Compared with the control group, the memantine group had significant benefits in auditory comprehension-AQ at week 4 (p = 0.04), WAB-AQ (p = 0.04) and spontaneous speech-AQ(p = 0.006) at week 8, WAB-AQ(p = 0.01) and spontaneous speech-AQ(p < 0.001), auditory comprehension-AQ(p = 0.03) at week 12, WAB-AQ (p = 0.01) and spontaneous speech-AQ(p < 0.001), auditory comprehension-AQ(p = 0.04) at week 16. The increase in the change of MMSE scores was higher in Memantine group at week 8 (p = 0.04) and week 12(p = 0.048).
Conclusion
Memantine combined with SLT are useful for improving non-fluency aphasia after stroke, especially spontaneous speech and auditory comprehension. Cognitive function has also improved.
Trial registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov ; TRN: NCT00196703;
Chip removal mechanism and hole plugging in back-drilling of high-speed printed circuit board
Authors: Chen Zhuangpei , Shi Hongyan , Zhu Tao , Liu Xianwen , Wang Zhaoguo , Zhou Qian
Published: March 2024

Micro-holes are channels for signal connection between layers of printed circuit boards (PCBs), and excess invalid hole copper in through holes can destroy the integrity of signal, which is usually removed by back-drilling. However, as high-speed PCBs evolve towards miniaturization and high density, it is difficult to remove chips during back-drilling and easily cause micro-holes plugging, seriously affecting the performance of high-speed PCBs and even leading to scrap. Therefore, the chip removal mechanism of high-speed PCB back-drilling is studied to solve hole plugging in this paper. Firstly, kinematics method is used to analyze the mechanical behavior and motion law of chip formation, and then the expressions of chip removal force and chip moving speed are proposed. Secondly, the chip removal model of backdrilling is established, an evaluation index of chip removal capability is put forward, and the influence rule of machining parameters on chip removal of back-drilling is analyzed afterwards. Finally, back-drilling experiments of high-speed PCB are carried out to observe the chips winding around drill bit and calculated the hole plugging rate of back-drilling. The experimental result demonstrates that the number and density of winding chips in the drill bit slightly decrease with the increase of feed rate, and the hole plugging rate rises almost proportionally. Increasing the spindle speed can greatly improve the chip winding of tools and hole plugging, and effectively reduce the chip removal force of back-drilling. The research presented provides theoretical guidance for solving the bottleneck problem of micro-holes plugging during backdrilling in the high-speed PCB industry.
Trajectory Optimization of UAV-IRS Assisted 6G THz Network Using Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach
Authors: Saleh Amany M. , OMAR SHEREEN S. , EL-HALEEM AHMED M. ABD , Ibrahim Ibrahim I. , Abdelhakam Mostafa M.
Published: March 2024

Terahertz (THz) wireless communication is a promising technology that will enable ultra-high data rate, and very low latency for future wireless communications. Intelligent Reconfigurable Surfaces (IRS) aiding Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) are two essential technologies play a pivotal role in balancing the demands of Sixth-Generation (6G) wireless networks. In practical scenarios, mission completion time and energy consumption serve as crucial benchmarks for assessing the efficiency of UAV-IRS enabled THz communication. Achieving a swift mission completion requires UAV-IRS to fly at maximum speed above the ground users it serves. However, this results in higher energy consumption. To address the challenge, this paper studies UAV-IRS trajectory planning problems in THz networks. The problem is formulated as an optimization problem aiming to minimize UAVs-IRS mission completion time by optimizing the UAV-IRS trajectory, considering the energy consumption constraint for UAVs-IRS. Proposed optimization algorithm, with low complexity, is well-suited for applications in THz communication networks. This problem is non-convex, optimization problem that is NP-hard and presents challenges for conventional optimization techniques. To overcome this, we proposed Deep Q-Network (DQN) reinforcement learning algorithm to enhance performance. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm achieves performance compared to benchmark schemes.
Evaluation of antimicrobial effect of green synthesized silver nanoparticles from Sapindus mukorossi pericarp extract
Authors: Sharma Vivek , Thakur Sapna , Sharma Sneh
Published: March 2024

The present study is focused on the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles derived from Sapindus mukorossi pericarp extract. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized successfully by employing biological methods of synthesis. In this research, silver nitrate was used as a precursor and Sapindus mukorossi pericarp extract was used as a reducing agent for synthesis. The obtained silver nanoparticles were characterized by using UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform electron microscopy (FTIR) and High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The UV-Vis spectra and visual observation showed that the color of pericarp extract of Sapindus mukorossi turned from golden yellow to dark brown after the addition of AgNO3 precursor and showed the highest absorption peak at 410 nm. In addition, XRD pattern revealed the face-centered cubic structure of silver nanoparticles. The FTIR measurements confirmed the presence of different functional groups within the extract that were directly involved in the reduction and stability of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles. HR-TEM images revealed the particles to be nearly spherical with a few irregular shapes and particles size ranging from 5 to 50 nm. The study highlights the antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles that were tested against gram negative bacterium viz., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis. The results confirmed that the prepared silver nanoparticles showed good antimicrobial potential against all the tested microorganisms. The antioxidant potential of aqueous extract and biosynthesized silver nanoparticles was evaluated using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method and revealed that both aqueous extract and obtained silver nanoparticles exhibit maximum antioxidant activity.
Global burden of Klebsiella pneumoniae infections and antimicrobial resistance in 2019
Authors: Song Hui-Wen , Wan Tu-Er , Fu Bin-Hong , Yang Gui-Hua , Jiang Mei-Ting , Pan Jin-Shui
Published: March 2024

Purpose: To better target interventions against Klebsiella pneumoniae(KP) infections and antimicrobial resistance (AMR), we analyzed the global burden of KP using 2019 worldwide, regional and national data.
Methods: The methodology employed in this study involved collecting data on KP infections and AMR from two reputable sources: the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019 and the Global Burden of Antimicrobial Resistance 2019 study. The analysis was based on a vast compilation of 471 million records, which informed eight distinct modeling components.
Results: KP infections have resulted in approximately 800,000 deaths worldwide, 80% of which were attributed to AMR. Notably, lower respiratory tract infections, bloodstream infections, and intra-abdominal infections were identified as the primary infectious syndromes caused by KP, accounting for nearly 90% of KP-related deaths and exhibiting the highest age-standardized mortality rates. South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa showed the greatest incidence of fatalities linked to KP infections, with the latter region additionally displaying the highest number and rate of deaths associated with KP-AMR. The mortality attributed to AMR in KP patients was predominantly caused by resistance to carbapenems and third-generation cephalosporins, accounting for more than fifty percent of the reported deaths.
Conclusions: KP has emerged as a significant concern within the realm of public health, particularly in areas characterized by limited financial resources. To adequately confront this escalating predicament, it is imperative to execute specific interventions.
Contrast-enhanced mammography in the management of breast architectural distortions and avoidance of unnecessary biopsies.
Authors: Bellini Chiara , Pugliese Francesca , Bicchierai Giulia , Amato Francesco , de Benedetto Diego , Naro Federica di , Boeri Cecilia , Vanzi Ermanno , Migliaro Giuliano , Incardona Ludovica , Tommasi Cinzia , Orzalesi Lorenzo , Miele Vittorio , Cucchiari Jacopo Nori
Published: March 2024

Objectives: to assess the diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) in the management of breast architectural distortions (AD) classified as BI-RADS3 in digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT).
Materials & methods: we retrospectively reviewed 328 women with 332 ADs detected on DBT from January 2017 to October 2021 and selected those classified as BI-RADS3 receiving CEM as problem solving. In CEM recombined images we evaluated the contrast enhancement (CE) of AD according to its presence/absence, type according to CEM BI-RADS lexicon, and size (<10 mm or ≥10 mm). AD with enhancement underwent breast biopsy by core needle biopsy or vacuum-assisted biopsy while AD without enhancement underwent imaging follow-up or biopsy if detected in high- or intermediate-risk women.
Results: AD with enhancement were 174 (52.4%): 72 (41.4%) were malignant lesions, 102 (59.6%) false positive results: 28 (16%) B3 lesions and 74 (42.5%) benign lesions. AD without enhancement were 158 (47.6%): 26 (16.5%) were subjected to biopsy (1 malignant lesion and 25 benign lesions) while the other 132 cases were sent to imaging follow-up, still negative after two years. The sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) and accuracy of CEM were 98.63%, 60.62%, 41.38%, 99.37% and 68.98%. The area under the curve determined by ROC for CEM was 0.796 (95% CI, 0.749–0.844).
Conclusion: CEM has shown a high sensitivity and NPV in the evaluation of BI-RADS3 AD. We showed promising results in favor of CEM as a complementary tool in assessing AD lesions to avoid unnecessary biopsies without compromising cancer detection.
Clinical relevance statement: our findings are encouraging towards the utility of CEM as a valuable complementary tool for the evaluation of BI-RADS 3 AD, to reduce unnecessary biopsies for its high NPV, without compromising the effectiveness of cancer detection.
The gender distribution and association between sociodemographic factors and self- injury: analysis from the Discharge Injury Patient Survey, South Korea
Authors: Sung Meekang , Kim Rockli , Subramanian S V
Published: March 2024

Background
Research gaps persist in understanding the underlying sociodemographic patterning of self-injury (SI). Despite its strong connection to high suicide rates in South Korea, SI in the country remains underexplored.
Methods
The study utilized the Discharge Injury Patient survey, an annual national survey spanning from 2004 to 2021. The study sample consisted of injury patients within the dataset. SI served as the primary outcome. Sociodemographic variables included gender, age, survey year, and state. The trends of SI prevalence over age groups and its gender distribution were examined. Multivariate logistic regression models were employed to understand the association between gender and SI. The change in the association over time was explored through stratified regression on age groups and year groups.
Results
The study encompassed 497,882 injury patients, with 13,139 SI patients. The prevalence of SI was higher in women (2.4%) than in men (1.5%) and peaked across ages 21–50 (2.4–2.5%). Prevalence exhibited a decline from 2004 to 2017 but experienced an upswing in 2019 to 2021, primarily attributed to the increased prevalence of SI among women. Gender gaps showed a decreasing trend over time, except for the period in 2019–2021. The higher burden of SI in women was more pronounced in younger age groups, particularly those aged ≤ 20. Regression models confirmed these patterns.
Conclusion
Women are more likely to experience SI in South Korea. The gender patterning varies across age groups and has undergone changes over time. Further research is imperative to delve into the root causes of these disparities.
The Carbohydrate-to-fiber ratio (CFR) is a useful marker of central obesity in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Jing Cuiqi , Zhang Haimeng , Zhang Fan , xu Xiaoyu , Ren Jiajia , Ji Xiaomei , Xie Hong
Published: March 2024

(1) Background: The carbohydrate-to-fiber ratio (CFR) is an important indicator of dietary carbohydrate quality. However, few studies have focused on obesity in patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between the CFR and central obesity in type 2 diabetic patients in the community.
(2) Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. A general demographic information questionnaire and a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire were used to investigate the demographic characteristics and dietary intake information of type 2 diabetic patients in the community, and the daily amounts of carbohydrates and dietary fiber were obtained by calculating the carbohydrate-to-fiber ratio (CFR) using Nutrition Calculator (v2.7.3k) software. Participants' CFR was categorized into Q1, Q2, and Q3 groups from high to low. Central obesity was defined as a waist circumference ≥90 cm for men and ≥85 cm for women.
(3) Results: The prevalence of central obesity in community-dwelling type 2 diabetic patients was 66.77%. The CFR was associated with waist circumference (r=0.153, p=0.008), insulin (r=0.118, p=0.040), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r=-0.126, p=0.028), and diabetes distress (r=0.197, p=0.001). With Q1 as a reference, the CFR was still significantly associated with central obesity in the Q3 after adjusting for variables (OR=2.166, 95% CI: 1.083-4.334). Carbohydrate intake was not associated with central obesity (OR=1.003, 95% CI: 0.998-1.007). The CFR is a stronger protective factor against central obesity than either fiber or carbohydrate alone.
(4) Conclusions: A higher CFR leads to increased central obesity in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diets with a low CFR can be recommended for the dietary management of patients with type 2 diabetes.
Numerical Heat Transfer on Sutterby Tetra Hybrid nanofluid for Biomedical Application
Authors: R REVATHI , Poornima T.
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the thermal behaviour and heat transfer characteristics of Sutterby tetra Hybrid nanofluids, comprising copper (Cu), silver (Ag), iron oxide (), and zinc (Zn) nanoparticles dispersed in ethanol, using the Boundary Value Problem Fourth Order ODE Solver (BVP4C) method. The research aims to elucidate the potential applications of Tetra Hybrid nanofluids in improving heat transfer efficiency in engineering systems. By analyzing the thermal conductivity and heat transfer coefficients of these nanofluids, insights are provide into their suitability for various technological domains. The findings suggest that Tetra Hybrid nanofluids exhibit significant enhancements in thermal properties, making them promising candidates for enhancing heat transfer in heat exchangers, electronics cooling, and renewable energy systems. Mass diffusion are discussed in relation to lowering Schmidt number, rising chemical reaction, and increasing Sherwood number while discussing the thickness of the boundary layer in. Porosity limitation causes a downward shift in the tetra nanofluid, velocity curve, also skin drag increases.
Rupture of the cardiac free wall after infarction confirmed by aortic CTA
Authors: Liu Jie , Chen Weiqing , Li Zihan , Liu Nan , Mao Cuiying
Published: March 2024

Background Free wall rupture is a rare complication of myocardial infarction, occurring as early as a few hours after myocardial infarction. It usually happens after transmural myocardial infarction and has a very high mortality rate. The diagnosis of free wall rupture requires echocardiographic evidence of pericardial leakage or pericardial tamponade. The patient's cause of death is often attributed to other causes such as cardiac arrhythmia unless determined by open heart surgery or autopsy. Diagnostic tools for post-infarction cardiac free wall rupture are limited to date.Case presentation We report a patient with myocardial infarction who presented with atypical chest pain. Subsequent coronary angiography suggested small vessel disease, but the patient's severe clinical presentation was not consistent with small vessel disease. Considering the patient's non-excluded aortic coarctation and the small size of the vascular lesion, no intervention was performed for the time being. Next, to further clarify the diagnosis, the patient underwent an aortic computed tomography angiography (CTA). In the aortic CTA a rupture of the free wall of the heart was detected and a large amount of bloody pericardial effusion was found. Unfortunately, the patient did not have a successful puncture and drainage, and died after resuscitation.Conclusions The diagnosis of cardiac rupture is a challenge. We need to be alert to the possibility of cardiac rupture even in small vascular lesions. When patients present with more severe clinical manifestations that are not consistent with myocardial infarction, it is important to be alert to the possibility of cardiac rupture in addition to identifying the possibility of aortic coarctation. Aortic CTA may be able to confirm the diagnosis when neither echocardiography nor coronary angiography is used to detect such occurrences of cardiac rupture.
Root Canal Treatment Rate in Deciduous Teeth Among 6-Year-Olds in the Era of Discontinuing Water Fluoridation - Historical Cohort Study
Authors: Zielonka Chana Shalev , Findler Mordechai , Chackartchi Tali , Mann Jonathan , Haim Doron , Tobias Guy
Published: March 2024

Background:
Fluoride protects teeth by replacing the hydroxyl group in hydroxyapatite, creating fluoroapatite that is more resistant to acids from food and bacteria. In this way fluoride helps prevent tooth decay.
Untreated caries may progress to the nerve of the tooth located in the pulp chamber and canals in the root, and then the tooth will require root canal treatment.
In 1998, Israel mandated fluoridation in cities with a population of over 5,000. However, in 2014, a new directive, banned the fluoridation of drinking water.
This study aimed to explore the impact of community water fluoridation on socio-economic disparities by examining the differences in the prevalence of root canal treatments in deciduous teeth among 6-year-old children with and without community water fluoridation.
Methods: For this retrospective study, computerized dental treatment codes were collected for checkups and root canal treatments in deciduous teeth between 2014-2015 and between 2016-2022 in 6-year-old children. Statistical significance was set as p<0.05.
Results: Children with a low socio-economic status tended to undergo more root canal treatments on deciduous teeth than those with higher socio-economic status. This discrepancy was more prominent in areas without fluoride i.e. the population most affected by the absence of community water fluoridation had a lower socio-economic level. Those with higher economic status had relatively stable rates of root canal treatments regardless of fluoridation. Moreover, across all socio-economic levels, males had more root canal treatments than females.
Conclusion: Water fluoridation is important to reduce caries incidence and the need for root canal treatment and has the potential to reduce the disparity between different socio-economic levels.
Exploring the Hidden Dangers: Unrevealing the lack of awareness and its causes regarding conception and pregnancy in patients with established Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD).
Authors: Naz Shakeela , Khan Naveed Ullah , Raza Fizza Zehra , Khawaja Rizwan Ali , Qadir Faisal , Akhtar Parveen
Published: March 2024

Background:
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD), a significant public health concern, is a major contributor to maternal mortality globally, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Among its numerous complications, RHD poses unique challenges for women of childbearing age.
Objective:
The aim of the study was to assess the level of awareness regarding conception counseling and the impact of RHD on maternal cardiovascular health in pregnancy in female patients of reproductive age with diagnosed Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) coming to the outpatient department of National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD).
Methods:
This is a cross-sectional descriptive study carried in the outpatient department of NICVD. The study population was women with RHD in the fertile age group. The sampling technique was non-probability, consecutive sampling. Analysis of data were performed with the help of IBM SPSS version 21.Statistical techniques used for the comparison were Chi-square test, Fisher’s Exact Test, or independent sample t-test, appropriately, with <0.05 level of significance.
Results:
320 female patients with RHD (diagnosed on the basis of echocardiography) were a part of the survey conducted in the outpatient department. Out of these 320 patients, only 217 women of childbearing age with mean age of 33.5 ± 7.5 were interviewed. A staggeringly high percentage (80.6%) of women of childbearing age between 19 to 49 years had no awareness regarding the impact of RHD on maternofetal health in pregnancy and had received no conception counseling whereas only 19.4% of the women showed some level of awareness regarding it.
Conclusion:
Level of knowledge and awareness of the impact of RHD on maternofetal health in pregnancy and counseling regarding conception in females of childbearing age with established RHD is alarmingly low. It is ideal for these women to be counseled before conception and risk-stratified according to their clinical state and pathology.
Ameliorative potentials of ethanol extract of Alchornea cordifolia on some biochemical and physiological parameters in high-fat diet-induced obese Wistar rats
Authors: Ekeleme Chinedum Martins , Odey Diana Ochuole , Ibeneme Chidinma Emmanuel , David-Oku Esien , Eyong Eyong Ubana , Atangwho Item Justin , Egbung Godwin Eneji , Asanga Edet Effiong
Published: March 2024

This study investigated the effect of ethanol extract of A. cordifolia leaves on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and its associated metabolic abnormalities in rats. Thirty male rats were randomly divided into five groups (Six rats each)- Normal control, Obese control, Orlistat group, A.cordifolia groups (500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight). Dietary intake, anthropometric indices, lipid profile, atherogenic indices, blood glucose, hepatic and cardiac function, HMG CoA reductase activity and antioxidative properties were investigated. Intake of HFD led to significant increases in bodyweight, BMI, Lee's index, waist-circumference, liver, adipose tissue, heart weight and lipids, T.cholesterol, triglycerides, atherogenic index, and LDL-c, while decreasing HDL-c. Additionally, HFD consumption increased fasting and serum blood glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, amylase, and lipase activity, while SOD, GPx, and GSH levels were reduced, and MDA increased. Moreover, HFD increased ALT, ALP, AST, LDH and creatine kinase levels. Furthermore, HMG-CoA reductase activity decreased, and histological analysis revealed inflammation, fat accumulation, and distortion in adipose tissue architecture in the liver and adipose tissue of obese rats. A.cordifolia supplementation effectively reversed HFD-induced alterations, demonstrating weight-reducing, anti-hyperlipidemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, A.cordifolia possesses anti-obesity potential and may be used as a possible therapeutic alternative for obesity and its associated pathologies.
Novel DPY19L2 mutation locus causes globozoospermia
Authors: Li Hongjing , He Jun , Chen Chaojun , Zhang Yong , Tan Zongjian , Chen Weiming
Published: March 2024

Spermatozoa acrosome abnormalities are a rare and severe form of male infertility caused by structural abnormalities of the sperm acrosome or acrosomal enzyme abnormalities, which usually present as round-headed spermatozoa with loss of sperm insemination. Variation in the DPY19L2 gene is highly correlated with known cases of conchoidal spermatidosis, and there is extensive evidence that heterozygous variants cause spermatozoa abnormalities, although fewer cases have been reported for purely homozygous variants of the locus. In our study, we identified and clinically confirmed a single spermatozoa cytoplasmic injection combined with calcium carrier-assisted oocyte activation pregnancy in a patient with congenital spermatidosis, resulting in a live birth and transposition of the great arteries. Whole-exome testing identified and reported for the first time the DPY19L2c.63dupG (p.Arg22Alafs*66) mutant locus, which was confirmed by combining the family history of consanguineous marriages with the family lineage of exomes. a pure mutation in the DPY19L2 gene and caused sterility in all of his siblings. In summary, our study identified DPY19L2c.63dupG(p.Arg22Alafs*66) as the causative mutation site for structural abnormalities in the acrosome and may lead to severe offspring disease.
Hypericin-loaded in modified theranostic liposomes nanoplatform: a preliminary in vivo study of targeting and diagnosis
Authors: de Morais Flávia Amanda Pedroso , Balbinot Rodolfo Bento , Bakoshi Amanda Beatriz Kawano , Lararin-Bidoia Danielle , Campanholi Katieli da Silva Souza , Junior Ranulfo Combuca da Silva , de França Bruna Martins , Gonçalves Renato Sonchini , Ueda-Nakamura Tânia , Silva Sueli de Oliveira , Caetano Wilker , Nakamura Celso Vataru
Published: March 2024

Modified theranostic liposomes was created by combining phospholipid 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-3-glycerol-phosphatidylcholine with two previously modified Pluronic® copolymers covalently linked with spermine and folic acid to carry and stabilize the photosensitizer compound hypericin. After physicochemical characterization, the photocytotoxicity was evaluated against different cancer and healthy cells presenting a strong photodynamic effect. The formulation exhibited no photoactivity without illumination and without hypericin. In vivo pharmacokinetics biodistribution examined the uptake and theranostic potential of this nanoformulation after its intravenous administration in animal models. Fluorescence images revealed the maximum fluorescence between 0.5-4 h post-tail vein injection, making it an appropriate period for photodynamic treatment. The fluorescence of the entire body was monitored for at least 3-days, indicating that the theranostic procedures can be performed within the 0.5-4 h range after administration, after which the intensity decreases, indicating a potent metabolic ability with no significant side effects. The fluorescence images of the main organs consistently showed a signal during the 1st day of its application. After 48 h, only residues of the modified theranostic formulation were detected in the lungs and thyroid. The promising pharmacokinetics observed in our preliminary studies highlight the potential of this system, making it a worthy candidate for further investigation with tumor models.
Minibleph, A Non-Incisional Blepharoplasty Technique For Skin Tightening Of Eyelids With The Use Of Fractional CO2 Laser
Authors: Amesty María Alejandra , Medalle Ronald Steven II , Beckers Lena , Cantó-Cerdán Mario , Barrio Jorge L. Alió del
Published: March 2024

Purpose
To measure the efficacy of “Minibleph,” a minimally invasive, non-incisional technique that utilizes a fractional CO2 laser for periocular rejuvenation.
Methods
3-month case series of 22 eyes with eyelid skin laxity, periocular wrinkles and dermatochalasis treated with a CO2 laser with a fractional ablative resurfacing scanner. Included data were pre/post procedure ocular skin laxity, texture and pigmentation, lid measurements, dermatochalasis grade and satisfaction questionnaires.
Results
At 3 months post-treatment, all patients had improved skin laxity and texture where 54.5% of eyelids were in the 4th quartile (75–100% improvement). No signs of postreatment hyperpigmentation. Moreover, there was significant improvement in Eyelid Fold (p-value 0.048), MRD1 (p-value 0.008) and Palpebral Fissure (p-value 0.008) values. There was significant improvement of dermatochalasis (p-value 0.034) where 11 eyelids (50%) improved in dermatochalasis grade. FACE-Q questionnaire showed significant decrease of Upper/ Lower Eyelid Rasch scores (p-value 0.03). Recovery Early Symptoms mean value was low (25.55/100), while means of the Satisfaction with Outcome was high (78.82/100).
Conclusion
“Minibleph” is a safe technique for periocular rejuvenation, improving skin laxity, texture and wrinkles. It may also improve mild dermatochalasis and palpebral fissure opening, However, it is not suitable for correcting moderate to severe dermatochalasis that requires surgical intervention.