bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptation of the REINVENT neural network architecture to generate potential HIV-1 entry inhibitors
Authors: Varabyeu D. A. , Karpenko A. D. , Tuzikov A. V. , Andrianov A. M.
Published: October 2024

Objectives. The main purpose of this work is to adapt the architecture of the REINVENT neural network to generate potential inhibitors of the HIV-1 envelope protein gp120 using in the learning process with reinforcement of molecular docking on GPUs.

Methods. To modify the initial network model, molecular docking on GPUs implemented in the learning process with reinforcement was used, and an algorithm was developed that allows converting the representations of connections generated by the SMILES network into the PDBQT format necessary for docking. To accelerate the learning of the neural network in the modified version of the REINVENT model, the AutoDock-Vina-GPU-2.1 docking program was used, and to clarify the results of its work, the procedure for revaluing the affinity of compounds to the target using the RFScore-4 evaluation function was used.

Results. Using a modified version of the REINVENT model, more than 60,000 compounds were obtained, of which about 52,000 molecules have a binding energy value to the HIV-1 gp120 protein comparable to the value calculated for the HIV-1 inhibitor NBD-14204, used in calculations as a positive control. Of the 52,000 compounds selected, about 34,000 molecules satisfy the restrictions imposed on a potential drug to ensure its bioavailability when taken orally.

Conclusion. The results obtained allow us to demonstrate the effectiveness of an adapted neural network by the example of designing new potential inhibitors of the gp120 HIV-1 protein capable of blocking the CD4- binding site of the gp120 virus envelope protein and preventing its penetration into host cells.
Akademik Araştırmalarda Etik Kurul İzni: Gereklilik ve Önemi
Authors: Demir Abdullah
Published: October 2024

Bu çalışma, akademik araştırmalarda etik kurul izni alınmasının gerekliliğini ve önemini ele almaktadır. Etik kurul onayı, akademik çalışmaların bilimsel standartlara uygun ve katılımcıların haklarını koruyacak şekilde yürütülmesini sağlamak amacıyla alınan bir izin sürecidir. Çalışma, etik kurul izni alınmadan yapılan araştırmaların karşılaşabileceği yasal ve etik sorunları vurgularken, aynı zamanda bu iznin araştırma güvenilirliği ve toplumsal sorumluluk açısından taşıdığı önemi de belirtmektedir. Ayrıca çalışmada etik kurul onayının alınması sürecinin yanı sıra makale yayımı sırasında dergi sistemlerine yüklenmesine dair teknik hususlar hakkında bilgi de verilmektedir. Hangi araştırmalar için etik kurul onayı alınması gerektiğine dair bilgide çalışmada yer almaktadır.
Some issues of public administration of education and science
Authors: Liubchych Anna
Published: October 2024

Problem setting. The essential globalization changes require new approaches to the management of the educational sphere, which is an integral set of educational structures, relations, activities and consciousness that ensures the reproduction and development of the intellectual potential of society. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure an optimal ratio of newly introduced elements with traditional ones intended for the management of an educational institution. Analysis of recent researches and publications. The article mainly analyzes the provisions of Ukraine’s regulatory legal acts. Among domestic scholars, attention is drawn to the works of: V. E. Khoustova, O. I. Reshetnyak, V. A. Zinchenko, M. V. Kryvanych, I. V. Borisov. Purpose of research is to examine the legal regulation of the system of public administration of education and science at the conceptual level. Article’s main body. The draft Strategy of Innovative Development of Ukraine for 2010-2020 in the context of globalization challenges envisaged the need to reform the management of science and innovation and the need to create a new government body the Ministry of Science and Innovative Development, which would play a coordinating role in the scheme of innovation development management. The newly created ministry would have to formulate state scientific, technological and innovation programs that would be implemented in the interests of all ministries and departments, control and direct budget funds to the scientific, technological and innovation sphere, organize an examination of the effectiveness of scientific teams. Conclusions and prospects for the development. The state has experience in the establishment and functioning of an independent central executive body directly accountable to the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, so the proposal for the functioning of such a specialized body is considered to be worthy of support and is quite possible to implement (using this experience with appropriate adaptation to current global challenges and improvement of certain provisions). In our opinion, the main drawback that contributed to the liquidation of the state committee was the lack of a systematic combination of the powers of the committee and the NAS of Ukraine in the field of science. 2. Specialized bodies for the development of science and innovation in Europe play a crucial role in the development of scientific research, technology and innovation, provide funding and support for scientific and technological projects, contributing to economic growth and social progress, so it is important to adopt this experience to ensure optimization of the management of science and education in Ukraine.
General theoretical characterization of contractual obligations for the provision of agency services
Authors: Kriatov Roman
Published: October 2024

Problem setting. The development of market economy and globalization of business processes have increased the importance of agency services. However, the legal regulation of agency relations in Ukraine is characterized by gaps and conflicts, creating problems in law enforcement practice. This problem is particularly acute in the field of courier activities, where issues of consumer protection and distribution of responsibility between the agent and the principal arise. Purpose of research is to conduct a comprehensive theoretical and legal analysis of contractual obligations for the provision of agency services, determine their place in the system of civil law contracts of Ukraine, and develop proposals for improving their legal regulation. Analysis of recent researches and publications. The issues of agency contracts and services have been studied by such scholars as R.A. Maidanyk, Ye.O. Kharytonov, O.I. Kharytonova, N.V. Fedorchenko, A.B. Hryniak, M.D. Pleniuk, O.O. Kot, H.B. Yanovytska and others. However, despite the significant number of scientific works, the specifics of agency services in the field of courier activities and consumer protection remain insufficiently studied. Article’s main body. The legal regulation of agency relations in Ukraine is analyzed, the elements of the agency agreement and the peculiarities of the rights and obligations of the parties are determined. The article examines the fiduciary nature of agency relations and its impact on the assessment of the parties’ actions in the performance of the contract. Particular attention is paid to the specifics of providing agency services in the field of courier activities, including issues of consumer protection, personal data protection, and dispute resolution. The article proposes ways to improve the legal regulation of agency services, including the development of special regulatory acts for courier agents, the introduction of a certification system, and the development of effective mechanisms for consumer protection. Conclusions and prospects for the development. The study concludes that agency services are an important element of modern economic relations that requires proper legal regulation. The legal framework of Ukraine in this area is characterized by complexity but contains certain gaps and conflicts that need to be addressed. The agency agreement has specific elements that distinguish it from other types of contracts. For improving the legal regulation of agency services, it is necessary to unify approaches in civil and commercial law, develop special mechanisms for consumer protection, harmonize legislation with international standards, and improve mechanisms of agent liability. Future research should focus on developing detailed recommendations for improving legislation in the field of agency services, taking into account international experience and the specifics of different sectors of the economy.
Arteritic Ischemic Optic Neuropathy
Authors: ACAR DUYAN Şule , BOZKURT OFLAZ Ayşe , TINKIR KAYITMAZBATIR Emine
Published: October 2024

Ischemic optic neuropathy is an important cause of blindness. There are two types of ischemic optic neuropathy: posterior and anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION). The arteritic type of AION (AAION) is usually due to giant cell arteritis. Giant cell arteritis can present with visual loss alone in up to 25% of cases. AAION is considered a neuro-ophthalmologic emergency. Early recognition and treatment of AAION is crucial to prevent severe visual loss. The gold standard of treatment is corticosteroids. There is no consensus in the literature on the optimal treatment approach in steroid-resistant or steroid-contraindicated cases. Biologic agents, especially tocilizumab, show promise in resistant cases.
Posterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy
Authors: ÜKE UZUN Saniye , TİRYAKİ DEMİR Semra
Published: October 2024

Posterior ischemic optic neuropathy (PION) is one of the rare optic neuropathies that occurs as a result of hypoperfusion of the optic nerve posterior to the optic nerve head. It usually causes acute, painless vision loss, and no features are detected at the optic nerve head during fundus examination. PION is a multifactorial disease that combines vascular and local risk factors, develops on the basis of various systemic diseases, and is accompanied by inadequate autoregulation in the optic nerve. Etiologically; it is divided into three subtypes: nonarteritic PION, which develops on the basis of vascular disease, arteritic PION, which is associated with giant cell arteritis (GCA), and perioperative PION, which occurs after surgical procedures. Diffusion restriction can be detected in the acute phase with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Diffusion MRI can be considered as the first technique to diagnose PION by identifying acute ischemic lesions of the optic nerve. Since there is no effective treatment method that can reverse vision loss, steroid treatment should be started immediately when the diagnosis of GCA is considered, and surgical risk factors such as anemia, hypovolemia, and hypotension should be corrected quickly and effectively in the perioperative period and the disease should be prevented before it occurs.
Demyelinating Optic Neuritis And Its Subtypes
Authors: ADIGÜZEL OKŞAR Hülya , OKSAR Metin , BAYRAM Tuba
Published: October 2024

Optic neuritis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the optic nerve, leading to impaired visual function. While it can have various causes, this review focuses primarily on demyelinating optic neuritis resulting from an autoimmune reaction that damages the myelin sheath. The incidence of optic neuritis is higher among women aged 20-40 years and is closely associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). This review discusses the main diseases causing typical and atypical optic neuritis, along with their diagnosis and treatment. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for improving prognosis, as optic neuritis can lead to irreversible vision loss.
Autoimmune Optic Neuropathy
Authors: ÖCAL Halit
Published: October 2024

Autoimmune optic neuropathy represents a chronic, heterogeneous disease that is usually accompanied by bilateral vision loss and is caused by injury occurring through autoimmune mechanisms. Autoimmune optic neuropathy can occur as a component of autoimmune or collagen vascular diseases, as well as it can be seen in an isolated way. Plasmapheresis and monoclonal antibodies are used together with steroids in the treatment of autoimmune optic neuropathy, the pathophysiology of which is not yet fully understood despite advances in existing laboratory and imaging devices. This rare clinical picture usually results in vision loss when it is not properly diagnosed, treated quickly and effectively.
Infectious Optic Neuropathies
Authors: KANRA Ayşe Yağmur , ÜRKMEZ Seda , ÖZCAN Delil
Published: October 2024

Various infectious diseases lead to different forms of optic neuropathy, resulting in visual impairments of varying severity. In cases of suspected infectious optic neuropathy, diagnosis relies on epidemiological data, medical history, systemic symptoms, and the pattern of ocular findings. Diagnosis is confirmed by clinical presentation, serological tests, and polymerase chain reaction. The treatment of infectious optic neuropathies typically involves the use of antimicrobial drugs targeting the specific pathogen and/or corticosteroids to suppress the associated inflammatory reaction. The visual prognosis is generally good, but persistent severe vision loss and optic atrophy can also occur. This review will focus on the clinical presentations of viral, bacterial, parasitic, and fungal agents reported to cause infectious optic neuropathy.
Infiltrative Optic Neuropathy
Authors: KESİMAL Bedia
Published: October 2024

Infiltrative optic neuropathies represent a subset of optic nerve disorders characterized by the infiltration of cells derived from inflammatory, infectious, or tumor metastasis sources. These conditions pose significant challenges in terms of diagnosis, management, and prognosis due to their diverse clinical presentations and potential for rapid progression. Detailed ophthalmic examinations such as visual field testing and optical coherence tomography (OCT) are necessary to provide valuable insights into the structure and function of the optic nerve. Additionally, brain and orbital magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are essential for detecting infiltrative lesions and assessing the extent of optic nerve involvement.
Compressive Optic Neuropathy; Clinical Findings, Etiopathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: ŞENSOY Eyüpcan , ÇITIRIK Mehmet
Published: October 2024

Compressive optic neuropathy (COM) is a type of optic neuropathy characterized by slow and progressive vision loss, usually unilateral, resulting from the intrinsic or extrinsic compression of any part of the optic nerve. This condition may develop because of infectious, inflammatory, vascular, traumatic, and neoplastic factors. In the early diagnosis of the disease, making differential diagnoses correctly; evaluating additional hematological, biochemical, and inflammatory blood parameters; and applying orbital and neuroimaging methods when necessary are critical. In addition, coordination with other branches of science in diagnosing and treating CON is an important step in terms of disease management and the improvement of visual prognosis.
Acute Idiopathic Blind Spot Enlargement and Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome
Authors: BALBABA Mehmet , ERDAĞ Murat
Published: October 2024

Acute idiopathic blind spot enlargement syndrome (AIBSES) and Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) are diseases that fall within the same spectrum. They share common characteristics such as affecting young and middle-aged individuals, being mostly unilateral, causing damage to the outer layers of the retina, and leading to blind spot enlargement in the visual field. In AIBSES, lesions are more frequently located in areas adjacent to the optic disc, whereas in MEWDS, they are observed around the central and peripheral vascular arcades. Unlike MEWDS, in AIBSES, visual field improvement is not expected over time. Multimodal imaging methods, including optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence, fundus fluorescein angiography, and indocyanine green angiography, play an important role in diagnosis and follow-up. In both conditions, the optic nerve can appear normal, but it can also be seen with slightly blurred boundaries and edema, and it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of optic neuropathy.
Visual Field Patterns in Optic Neuropathy
Authors: GÜNDOĞAN Medine , ŞAHİN ŞEKERCİ Arzu
Published: October 2024

The optic nerve is susceptible to a wide variety of pathological processes. In optic neuropathy, quantitative visual field analysis using standard automated perimetry is critical in initial diagnosis, monitoring disease progression, and guiding treatment plans. While acquired visual field defects may progress rapidly, congenital visual field defects may not progress or may progress slowly. Although the most common defect in congenital or acquired optic neuropathy is the central defect, many defect types that are not pathognomonic to the disease can be seen. In ischemic optic neuropathy, which is common among optic neuropathies, arcuate defect and central defect are usually seen. In disc disorders with localized nerve damage, such as optic disc coloboma or optic pit, localized defects such as arcuate scotoma or cecocentral scotoma in which the fixation point is preserved may be observed. Papilledema causes peripapillary fluid accumulation and an enlarged blind spot in the perimetry. In compressive optic neuropathies, non-specific defects such as central and subtudinal defects may be observed, as well as quadrant defects such as hemianopsia and quadrionopsia. Studies show that the combined use of optical coherence tomography and standard automated perimetry to determine structure-function relationships improves clinical care in neuro-ophthalmic disorders.
Persistent Vetal Vasculature-Vitreoretinal Surgery
Authors: EROL Nazmiye
Published: October 2024

Persistent fetal vasculature (PFV), previously known as persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV), is a spectrum of congenital anomalies caused by complete or partial failure of the fetal hyaloid vasculature to regress. The severity of the disease may vary depending on the affected intraocular structures and anatomical variations. The outcomes of surgery depend on the type, location, extent, and severity of the disease. The aim of this review is to focus on surgical indications and techniques, and the prognosis of PFV in the current literature and our clinical experience.
Pediatric Intraocular Foreign Bodies
Authors: ARIBAŞ Yavuz Kemal , SOBACI Güngör
Published: October 2024

Pediatric posterior segment intraocular foreign bodies (IOFB) are clinical conditions that can lead to serious complications in children and should be carefully managed. Children are more vulnerable to ocular trauma due to their carelessness and lack of awareness of the dangers of certain objects. Such injuries are an important cause of childhood vision loss and can lead to various complications such as mechanical damage, chemical reactions and infections in the delicate tissues of the eye due to trauma. In this review, the diagnosis, imaging, treatment and follow-up of IOFB cases in pediatric patients are discussed. Studies have shown that early diagnosis and appropriate treatment strategies improve visual prognosis. In our study, it was emphasized that the timing of surgery in such cases should be determined on a case-specific basis. In addition, complications such as retinal detachment, proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and endophthalmitis were emphasized. In conclusion, pediatric posterior segment IOFBs have unique clinical features depending on the type of injury and the composition of the IOFB. Early intervention and protection of the fellow eye are essential for a successful treatment course. Although the overall visual prognosis is favorable, management and monitoring of complications is of paramount importance.
Vitreoretinal Surgery in Pediatric Patients with the Disease of Vitreoretinal Interface
Authors: SARITAŞ Özge , TOKLU Yasin
Published: October 2024

Comparing the ocular anatomy of children and adults, there are certain dimensions and structural differences. A safer surgical method is made possible by an understanding of the major distinctions between the eyes of children and adults,and specific evaluations are required. The primary distinctions are in the locations of sclerotomies, the requirement for posterior hyaloid separation and total vitrectomy, endo-tamponade, and the surgical technique according to the vitreoretinal disease. We tried to summarize the main differences in pediatric patients with the disease of the vitreoretinal interface compared to adult vitreoretinal surgery and some critical points for this surgery.
Changes in Lens Structure in Pathological Myopia, Cataract Surgery and Special Situations
Authors: MEŞEN Ali , MEŞEN Selma
Published: October 2024

Pathological myopia is a major cause of low vision and blindness worldwide. In patients with pathological myopia, there are changes such as thinning of the lens and increase in equatorial diameter. In various population and clinic-based cohort, case-control and cross-sectional studies, it has been reported that myopic patients have a higher risk of posterior subcapsular cataract, cortical and nuclear cataract. It is known that the modern technique of phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation is effective in highly myopic eyes and provides significant improvement in visual acuity. However, complications related to phacoemulsification such as posterior capsule rupture, retinal detachment, progression of existing maculopathy, capsular phimosis, late lens dislocation and transient intraocular pressure elevation occur more frequently in highly myopic patients. As a result, it is extremely important that cataract surgeries of these patients are performed by experienced surgeons and that attention is paid to perioperative and postoperative complications.
Choroidal Changes and Choroidal Neovascularization in Pathological Myopia
Authors: KOCA Semra , BOZOKLU Mutluay
Published: October 2024

Among the complications of pathological myopia, myopic macular neovascularization (mMNV) is one of the most vision-threatening complications. Despite significant advances in understanding the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and natural history of the disease, there is no standard definition of mMNV. Although the sensitivity of mMNV diagnosis increases to 97% with the combined use of fundus fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography, multimodal imaging is valuable in differential diagnosis. Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy has become the standard and first-line treatment option for mMNV. Continued monitoring of patients is required to assess any progression or recurrence.
Optic Disc Features in Pathological Myopia And Myopic Optic Neuropathy
Authors: AKDAN BİLEN Rabiatül Büşra
Published: October 2024

Pathological myopia is defined as excessive axial elongation accompanied by various structural changes in the fundus and optic disc, leading to a decrease in best-corrected visual acuity. Today, with the widespread use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in ophthalmology, optic disc pathologies have been identified in addition to fundus findings. Due to axial elongation, large optic disc, tilted optic disc, retinal nerve fiber changes, peripapillary atrophy, intachoroidal cavitation and peripapillary-prelaminar schisis are observed. Optic neuropathy occurs in some cases secondary to all these changes occurring in the optic disc. Myopic optic neuropathy can be examined under two headings: glaucomatous/glaucoma-like and nonglaucomatous. In this review, optic disc changes and myopic optic neuropathy, which are important causes of vision loss, are discussed.
Correlación de los Niveles de Fibrinógeno Plasmático con la Severidad de la Hemorragia Postparto en Pacientes Atendidas en el Hospital de la Mujer de Morelia
Authors: Javier Guerrero Eraso Cristian , Molina Zendejas Diana , Luis Medina López Jorge , Alejandra Ríos Palomino María , Picazo Carranza Alma Rosa
Published: October 2024

Objetivo. Evaluar la correlación entre los niveles en plasma de fibrinógeno con la gravedad de la HPP en pacientes atendidas en el Hospital de la Mujer de Morelia. Metodología. Cuantitativo, observacional, analítico, no experimental, retrospectiva, muestra de 181 pacientes que presentan HPP que cumplieran con los criterios de selección. Resultados. La media de edad ( 25.3 ± 6.8) años. La principal causa de HPP atonía uterina (59.1%), tuvieron choque hipovolémico grado III-IV (49.2%). La mediana de sangrado estimado 1300 ml (1000-1522ml) y la mayoría tuvo sangrado leve o menor 1500 ml (n=107, 59.2%). existe correlación baja de tipo negativa entre niveles de fibrinógeno y cantidad de sangrado (rho = -0.22, P=0.003), pero no con los cambios de hemoglobina o hematocrito. Los pacientes con sangrado severo presentaron niveles más bajos de fibrinógeno (P=0.007). un corte de 495mg/dL tiene una sensibilidad 57.1% y especificidad 55.4% para predecir 1500ml de sangrado o más. Conclusión. existe una baja correlación pero fue significativa entre menores niveles de fibrinógeno con mayores niveles de sangrado estimado. Sin embargo, estos hallazgos no fueron presentes con los cambios de hematocrito o hemoglobina. Además, vimos que los niveles en plasma de fibrinógeno fueron más bajos en mujeres con sangrado severo.
Neuroeducación y Ciencias de la Salud: Aportaciones al Mejoramiento de la Calidad de Vida en Pacientes Diabéticos
Authors: Jaramillo-Restrepo Leidy Marcela , Benjumea-Garcés Juan Sebastián , Parra-Bolaños Nicolás
Published: October 2024

La diabetes es uno de los problemas de salud pública que más problemas conlleva en la actualidad en todo el mundo, pues las cifras señalan que ya hay casi 500 millones de personas con esta afectación, lo que es más notorio en naciones en vías de desarrollo y que es muy fuerte en las naciones de Hispanoamérica y África, por lo que se requieren acercamientos distintos al íntegramente médico para abordar este delicado tópico de salud. Este estudio de revisión tuvo como objetivo, la construcción de una matriz de investigaciones con el fin de decantarlo a un reducido cuerpo teórico para la elaboración de este manuscrito. Se concluye que, las poblaciones con diagnóstico de diabetes, especialmente las poblaciones juveniles y adolescentes, deben ser intervenidas a partir de las ciencias del comportamiento, las ciencias de la salud, las ciencias cognitivas y la neuroeducación para conseguir diseñar programas de prevención y promoción para mitigar los problemas psicológicos que trae la diabetes para las personas afectadas y sus redes de apoyo.
Environmental impacts of solar energy systems
Authors: Junaid Khan Junaid Khan , Bushra Khaar Bushra Khaar , Javeria Khan Javeria Khan , Iman Afraz Iman Afraz
Published: October 2024

The yearly growth in worldwide energy usage, coupled with the associated environmental problems and worries, are major factors driving the widespread adoption of sustainable and renewable energy on a global scale. Solar energy systems have garnered significant attention in the past decade, surpassing other forms of renewable energy systems. Nevertheless, renewable energies might still cause negative environmental impacts. Therefore, it is crucial to prioritise careful consideration and implement appropriate precautionary measures. This report delivers a detailed assessment of the environmental impacts of both established and innovative solar energy solutions, shedding light on their effects on the ecosystem, considering their impact on the environment at both small and large sizes. The study examines both the associated advancements and the crucial components in their systems. The strategy encompasses all steps, commencing with the designs, and progressing through the manufacture, materials, construction or installation phases, as well as the operation lifetime and decommissioning. This article explores targeted strategies for various systems, including waste reduction and recycling, as well as providing technically and ecologically beneficial suggestions for minimising their effects.
Resident’s Perception towards Green Spaces Urban Areas of Mirpur AJK Pakistan, A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mahmood Humaira , Pervaiz Dr Farrah , Kausar Maida , Zafar Humaira , Noor Hajra , Shahid Farwa
Published: October 2024

Urbanization with increasing proportion of the population living in cities limits access to nature and increases exposure to environmental hazards, such as air and noise pollution. Green spaces offer solutions by increasing the quality of urban settings, promoting sustainable lifestyles, and improving both the health and the well-being of urban residents. Aim of the study was to assess perceived advantages and disadvantages of urban green spaces (UGS). A cross sectional study, was conducted on the 200 residents of Mirpur district of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Pakistan. There were 54.5% of males and 44.5% of females in the study sample and 79% (n=79) of them were of age between 31-40 years. 164 (82%) individuals in the collected sample fall into high educational level. For positive attributes of urban green spaces most visitors reported strongly agree response. The highest strongly agree response (62%) is for importance of parks. Promotion of elders’ and physical health also showed strongly agreed responses of 60% and 58% respectively. The agreed response was the highest for ‘neighbors’ meetup’ (43.5%) and for the rest it was mental health (40%), people likeness (37%) and property value (38.5%). Commercial encroachment was the highest strongly agreed response (30.5%) and time wastage was the highest strongly disagreed response (21.5%). Visitors reported strongly agree response to scenic beauty (67.5%), air quality (49%) and reduce heat wave (40.5%). Agreed responses were topped by environmental conditions (37%) followed by almost equal responses for rainfall source (25.5%), biodiversity and noise pollution (23%). Fast and unplanned urbanization is threatening UGS. Our study highlighted visitors’ perception about UGS which would help in their development and improved quality.
Impact of starch profile on glycemic index of coloured and non-pigmented genotypes of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: B. Krishna Veni , D. Sandeep Raja , P. Sridevi , M. Tushara
Published: October 2024

Abstract Rice serves as a crucial staple food, supplying energy and nutrients to roughly half the global population. Consumers prefer to take mostly the white rice, but pigmented rice is enriched with anthocyanin and has potential health benefits. The study of 27 rice genotypes consisting of eight non-pigmented and 19 pigmented genotypes were estimated for protein content, antioxidant activity and starch profile including total starch(TS), Resistant Starch(RS), Slowly Digestible Starch(SDS), Rapidly Digestible Starch(RDS), Amylose content(AC), and Glycemic Index (GI). This study shows that RS and SDS levels have a negative correlation with GI, whereas RDS has a positive association with the glycemic index. The starch content and amylose content were not showing any direct relation with the GI. There was minimal variation in the glycemic index between pigmented and non-pigmented rice varieties. Keywords: Antioxidant activity, glycemic index, pigmented rice, resistant starch, slowly digestible starch, starch profile
Standardization of EMS doses for mutagenesis in strawberry (Fragaria x Ananassa Duch) cv. winter dawn
Authors: R. Rodge Rahul , Rajan Rajni , Kaur Harjinder , Jabroot Khan , Pandey Kuldeep
Published: October 2024

Abstract Induced mutation by Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS) has been found to be a very useful technique for crop improvement. Chemical mutagens, such as EMS, have been widely used to induce a variety of practical variations in several fruit crops. Therefore, a study was undertaken to determine the LD50 and the effects of mutagens on growth-related, yield-related, and quality-related observations, as well as the mortality percentage of runners derived from the Winter Dawn variety of strawberry using EMS to create variability for desirable traits. The runners were treated with EMS. The treated runners, along with a control group, were planted for growth in pots under a polytunnel. Based on the probit curve derived from the survival of the treated plant, the LD50 dose for EMS was found to be 3%. The 0.1% and 0.2% EMS doses showed good results in terms of growth, yield, and quality. An increase in the concentration of EMS resulted in a decrease in plant survival rate. Keywords: EMS, Chemical mutagen, strawberry
Selection parameters for the improvement of seed yield and attributes in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.)
Authors: M. Gnanasekaran , P. Shanthi , M. Gunasekaran , K. Thiyagu , A. Yuvaraja
Published: October 2024

The present investigation was carried out with 53 genotypes of cowpea to study association among yield contributing traits. The genotypes were sown in a randomized block design replicated with three replications at the National Pulse Research Centre, TNAU , Vamban, Pudukkottai, during Kharif,2022. Observations on ten traits were recorded and subjected to statistical analysis. The coefficient of phenotypic differences was substantially greater than the genotypic variation for all the characters under study, showing that the prevailing variation is mainly governed by the genotypic factor and substantial environmental factors. High heritability and genetic advance as percentage of mean were observed for the traits seed yield and 100 seed weight. This showed the role of additive gene action in the inheritance of these traits which gives the best chance of their improvement through simple selection. Association analysis revealed that number of cluster/plant and number of pods/plant had a significant and positive correlation on seed yield. Yield component traits viz., plant height, number of branches/plant, number of pods/cluster, number of pods/plant, 100 seed weight and seed yield were high inter-correlated among themselves. Furthermore, it was observed that the number of pods/plant, pod length, and 100 seed weight had the maximum positive direct effects on seed yield. So direct selection for these three traits could help to improve the seed yield potential of cowpea. Keywords: Cowpea, heritability, genetic advance, association analysis.
ОТНОШЕНИЕ ДАЛЬНЕВОСТОЧНОЙ ЖАБЫ BUFO GARGARIZANS CANTOR, 1842 К ОТРИЦАТЕЛЬНЫМ ТЕМПЕРАТУРАМ ВО ВРЕМЯ ЗИМОВКИ
Authors: Мещерякова Е. Н. , Булахова Н. А.
Published: October 2024

Cold hardiness during wintering of the Asiatic toad Bufo gargarizans Cantor, 1842, the northernmost species of the family in the Russian Far East, was studied. The supercooling point (SCP) and low lethal temperature (LLT) were determined for sexually mature individuals. It was found out that the average SCP of acclimated animals was -3.5±0.1°C. At -1°C, toads survived in a state of supercooling. Temperatures below -1°C resulted in freezing and death of the animals. Thus, the cold hardiness of B. gargarizans is comparable to that, of three previously studied toad species – Mongolian (Strauchbufo raddei Strauch, 1876), common (Bufo bufo L., 1758) and green (Bufotes sitibundus Pal-las, 1771).
Exploring Students’ Perceptions of Peer Interaction in Developing English Speaking Skills
Authors: Ky Nhan Lam
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the perceptions of EFL students regarding the role of peer interaction in developing English-speaking skills. A total of 125 English majors from Nam Can Tho University participated in the study, providing insights through a questionnaire on how peer-based activities influence their language learning. The results indicate that peer interaction offers increased opportunities for language practice, reduces anxiety, and boosts confidence in using English. Students reported that structured tasks, such as role-plays and problem-solving activities, significantly enhance their engagement, language fluency, and accuracy. Additionally, tasks relevant to real-life situations were found to motivate students to participate more actively in peer-based learning. These findings align with previous research, emphasizing the positive impact of peer interaction on fluency, vocabulary use, and self-monitoring. The study concludes that integrating peer interaction into EFL curricula fosters a supportive and communicative learning environment, encouraging collaborative language use and contributing to the overall development of English-speaking proficiency.
Potentially Toxic Metals Enrichment in Soils of Ishiagu Mining Community, Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Ozibo-Igwe Bridget , O. Anike Luke
Published: October 2024

This Study was carried out to evaluate potentially toxic metals enrichment, pollution and potential ecological risk in the soils of Ishiagu. The concentrations of Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Cobalt (Co), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), Manganese (Mn), Nickel (Ni), Zinc (Zn), Aluminum (Al) and Iron (Fe) in soil samples from the area were analyzed by Bureau Veritas Laboratory, Vancouver, Canada, using inductively-coupled plasma optic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Descriptive statistics, enrichment factor, pollution load and potential ecological risk indices were employed to analyze the data in order to understand the characteristics of potentially toxic metals in the study area. The potentially toxic metals statistic show the mean values (mg/kg-1 ) of Pb, Zn, Mn, Fe, Al, Cd, Cr, Ni, Co, and Cu to be 205.7, 162, 527, 35892, 11374, 1.3, 21.6, 15, 14.6 and 11.1 respectively. The soil enrichment varied considerably between mining and non-mining areas with mining area being extremely enriched with Pb, Zn and Cd, and significantly enriched with Co, Cu, Ni and Fe. Non- mining areas are minimally enriched with all investigated metals. The soils around the mines are polluted with Pb and Cd, where both metals also pose very high ecological risks.
Foliar Spray of Urea: A Sustainable Way to Minimize the Rate of Fertilizer Application for Mustard Production in Drought Prone Area of Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin Md. Mejbah , Monira Most. Serajam , Hoque Md. Aminul , Haider Md. Ali , Sultana Rebeka , Mallick Bickrom
Published: October 2024

From the beginning of November 2021 to February 2022, an agricultural investigation was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory of Rajshahi University, Bangladesh. Three sets of replications including a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) were used by this design. In this study mustard variety BARI Sarisha-11 was used with five fertilizer levels viz. T₁ = control (no fertilizer), T2 =60 % of recommended dose (RD) urea [50% of RD as soil application (SA) + 10% RD as foliar application (FA)], T3=85% of recommended dose (RD) urea [70% of RD as soil application (SA) + 15% of RD as foliar application (FA)], T4= 100% of recommended dose of urea (Traditional practice), T5= 100% of recommended dose of urea +3% magic growth as foliar application. In case of T2 and T3 (except T1 & T4) magic growth was sprayed with urea i.e. liquid fertilizers, in case of T5, only magic growth given by three times (25 DAS, 35 DAS and 45 DAS). The yield indicators under investigation were all significantly impacted by liquid fertilizer. The use of T3 treatment yielded the best figure (2.45 t ha-1 ) across yield as well as yield attributes. The following second positional values was displayed in the circumstances where T4 (2.24 t ha-1 ) or customary methods were used. The lowest values for all of traits were observed from T1 (1.45 t ha- ¹) treatment. So, it is concluded that, through the foliar application of liquid fertilizer (urea with magic growth), 15% urea can be saved compared to traditional practice.
Protective Role of Gallic Acid with Rutin or Quercetin on Testicular Glutathione and Histopathology in Rats Exposed to Busulfan
Authors: Emmanuel Echesirim Bright , Ayitamunoprim Jumbo , Bolatito Nafiu Mubarak , Kareem Barakat Tope , Esther Akinola Dolapo , Hamisu Khadija , Humphrey Enahon Ominu , Kaura Sunday , Ogochukwu Dike Jennifer
Published: October 2024

Busulfan (BUS) is an alkylating agent used in chemotherapy that induces oxidative stress and testicular damage. This study investigates the protective effects of co-administering Gallic Acid (GAL) with Rutin (RUT) or Quercetin (QUE) against BUS-induced reductions in testicular glutathione (GSH) in Wistar rats. Thirty-two (32) male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, BUS only, BUS+GAL+RUT, and BUS+GAL+QUE. Over a 56-day treatment period, the rats were assessed for changes in GSH concentration and testicular histopathology. GSH levels were measured to evaluate oxidative stress, while histological evaluations were performed to assess spermatogenic recovery. BUS administration significantly reduced GSH concentration in the testis, indicating oxidative stress. Co-administration of GAL+RUT or GAL+ QUE reversed this decrease, restoring GSH levels to near-control values. Although there were no significant changes in testicular and body weight across groups, the histopathological analysis showed that GAL+QUE improved spermatogenesis recovery more effectively than GAL+RUT. Additionally, GAL+RUT exhibited more mature germ cells and potential for testicular repopulation. The co-administration of GAL+RUT or GAL+QUE effectively mitigates BUS-induced oxidative stress in rat testes, with GAL+QUE demonstrating superior recovery in spermatogenic function. These findings suggest that incorporating these flavonoid combinations could help reduce chemotherapy-induced testicular damage.
Pembuatan Lemari untuk Masjid Ar Rahman Cibolang
Authors: Dani Mardiyana  , Mulyadi  , Heppi Familiana  , Dwi Mardika Lestari  , M Arvin Syarifuddin  , Odi Akhyarsi  , Muchammad Yusup Mubarok
Published: October 2024

The Ar Rahman Mosque is a newly built mosque, so the facilities inside are still inadequate. One of the essential facilities that is urgently needed but not yet available is a cabinet for storing Qur'ans, Islamic books, prayer garments (mukena), and sarongs. The construction of this cabinet is very important and urgent because it not only serves as a storage space but also as an effort to enhance cleanliness, neatness, and comfort within the mosque. The construction process of the mosque cabinet includes designing, creating patterns on plywood, cutting plywood according to the patterns, assembly, and painting. The resulting cabinet measures 800 mm in length, 350 mm in width, and 1200 mm in height. The completed cabinet has successfully addressed the mosque's storage issues for Qur'ans, Islamic books, sarongs, and prayer garments, making the mosque space tidier and providing convenience and comfort for the congregation in utilizing it.
Tinjauan Bauran Pemasaran Sandal Tarumpah pada Toko Iskandar Toha 1946 Tasikmalaya
Authors: Kroma Regina Putri Meisya , Ernawati  , Puspatriani Annisa Desty , Andi Tarlis
Published: October 2024

Marketing Mix is the core of a marketing system to influence demand for the products produced. The variables of the marketing mix are usually called the 4Ps, namely Product, Place, Promotion, and Place. By understanding and managing the marketing mix well, a company can increase its chances of achieving success in a competitive market. The aim of this final assignment is to determine the marketing mix used by Toko Iskandar Toha 1946 Tasikmalaya. The research method used is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, describing the results of observations in the field with data collection methods using interviews, documentation, literature study and direct observation. The results of this research indicate that the marketing mix process for Tarumpah Sandals at the Iskandar Toha 1946 Tasikmalaya Store has been implementedquitewell.Keywords: Marketing, Marketing Mix
Pengaruh Badan Usaha Milik Desa Terhadap Kesejahteraan Masyarakat (Studi Kasus: Desa Sambirejo)
Authors: Dwisi Septian , Astuti Ismadiyanti Purwaning
Published: October 2024

Sambirejo Village is a village located in Prambanan District, Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta and is separated directly from Klaten Regency. Sambimulyo Village has a BUMDes. BUMDes is a business entity managed by the village. Sambimulyo BUMDes has an important role in community welfare. This study aims to determine the effect of community income, the inhibiting factors of sambimulyo BUMDes, and the supporting factors of sambimulyo BUMDes on community welfare in Sambirejo Village. This research uses quantitative methods. With primary data obtained directly in the Sambirejo Village from the results of a questionnaire of 100 samples and observations. Data analysis was carried out using multiple regression analysis with IBM SPSS version 26 software. The results showed that before and community income had a positive and significant effect on community welfare, while the inhibiting factors for BUMDes sambimulyo were negative and significant for community welfare, supporting factors for BUMDes sambimulyo were positive and significant for welfare community, and there are differences before and after the Sambimulyo BUMDes through a different test which produces significant values.
An exploration of the changing understandings of physical impairment and disability in early medieval England: a bioarchaeological, funerary, and historical approach
Authors: Bohling Solange , Croucher Karina , Buckberry Jo
Published: October 2024

This paper explores experiences and perceptions of physical impairment and disability in early medieval England, contrasting pre-Christian (AD 5th–early 7th centuries) and Christian (AD late 8th–11th centuries) communities through a combination of bioarchaeological, clinical, funerary, historical, and theoretical analyses. By comparing understandings of physical impairment and disability in the pre-Christian and Christian periods, this paper investigates how political rearrangements and the growing power of the Church might have influenced changing contemporary perceptions of physical impairment and disability.

This research has found that the funerary treatment of individuals with physical impairment in the pre-Christian period was extremely variable within and between cemeteries, and there is evidence for arguably positive, normative, and potentially negative burial treatment. Although mortuary treatment of Christian-era individuals with physical impairment was somewhat variable, this variation was much more subtle. This reflects the overall Christian-era pattern in burial form, and strongly negative or positive mortuary treatment was not identified among the individuals with physical impairment. Based on this evidence, it is proposed that administrative and judicial standardisation, conversion to Christianity, and the spread of Christian morals and doctrine influenced the reduction in mortuary variability observed in individuals with physical impairment and/or disability in the 8th–11th centuries in England.
First record of Phoronopsis (Phoronida) from Japan, with a description of Phoronopsis californica Hilton, 1930 from Okinawa
Authors: Hirose Masato , Uyeno Daisuke
Published: October 2024

Phylum Phoronida currently contains two genera, Phoronis Wright, 1856 and Phoronopsis Gilchrist, 1907, with approximately thirteen speices. Phoronida is distributed worldwide, ranging from northern Europe to southern New Zealand and also from intertidal to 400 m depths. From Japanese waters, four species of Phoronis have been reported, viz. Phoronis ijimai Oka, 1897, Phoronis australis Haswell, 1883, Phoronis psammophila Cori, 1889 and Phoronis emigi Hirose et al., 2014.

We describe the morphology of Phoronopsis californica Hilton, 1930, based on five specimens collected at a sandy-mud habitat in Nago Bay and Oura Bay, Okinawa, Japan. We examined the internal anatomy by serial paraffin sections. We also examined the genetic distance of Japanese specimens from the other phoronid sequences in GenBank. This is the first record of Phoronopsis from Japanese waters and the fifth species record of phoronids in addition to the previously recorded four species of Phoronis.