bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Associations of the timing of sleep and meals with the presence of gastroesophageal reflux disease in community‐dwelling women in Japan
Authors: Nagata Chisato , Wada Keiko , Yamakawa Michiyo , Nakashima Yuma , Sugino Masaaki , Mori Tomoka , Nagao Yasuko , Ishihara Kazuhiro , Yamamoto Satoru
Published: July 2023

Background

It has been suspected that circadian rhythms may play a part in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The present study aimed to examine the cross‐sectional association of the timing of sleep and meals with the presence of GERD in community‐dwelling women in Japan.

Methods

In total, 605 women responded to a self‐administered questionnaire asking for information on GERD symptoms, sleep habits, sleep disturbances and the timing of meals. GERD symptoms were evaluated using the Frequency Scale for the Symptoms of GERD, and participants with a score of more than seven points were classified as having GERD.

Results

In total, 104 (17.2%) women were found to have GERD. Later bedtime on both weekdays and weekends and later midpoint of sleep were significantly associated with the odds ratios (OR) of GERD after controlling for covariates: ORs for each 1 h delay were 1.31 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03–1.68), 1.38 (95% CI = 1.08–1.75) and 1.43 (95% CI = 1.06–1.95). Having lunch at irregular times was significantly associated with the increased OR of GERD (1.99; 95% CI = 1.02–3.91). Longer overnight fasting duration and longer time intervals from the midpoint of sleep to breakfast and lunch were significantly associated with decreased OR of GERD (ORs for each 1 h increase were 0.73 [95% CI = 0.56–0.95], 0.64 [95% CI = 0.46–0.88] and 0.70 [95% CI = 0.51–0.96]).

Conclusions

These data suggest that the timing of sleep and timing of meals relative to the sleep/wake cycle are associated with the presence of GERD.
The relative efficacy of monotherapy with Janus kinase inhibitors, dupilumab and apremilast in adults with alopecia areata: Network meta‐analyses of clinical trials
Authors: Gupta Aditya K. , Wang Tong , Bamimore Mary A. , Piguet Vincent , Tosti Antonella
Published: July 2023

Background

Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, biologics, and phosphodiesterase‐4 (PDE‐4) inhibitors are recent therapies for alopecia areata (AA)—albeit, knowledge gaps exist for these agents' relative efficacy.

Objectives

We determined the relative efficacy and safety of monotherapy with the aforementioned agents in adults with AA.

Methods

The literature was systematically searched; we used data from randomized trials that investigated the agents' efficacy—as per Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) scores. Bayesian network meta‐analyses were used to determine relative efficacy and safety. Effect modification was determined using a generalized linear model on aggregate data; evidence quality was evaluated.

Results

Based on the surface under the cumulative ranking curve estimates obtained from multiple efficacy endpoints, regimens with the highest likelihood of achieving percent reduction in SALT scores, as well as a minimum 90%, 75% or 50% reduction in SALT scores are (in alphabetical order) baricitinib 4 mg once daily (QD), brepocitinib 60/30 mg QD, deuruxolitinib (CTP‐543) 12 mg twice daily (BID), ritlecitinib 200/50 mg QD, ruxolitinib 20 mg BID and tofacitinib 5 mg BID. In contrast, dupilumab subcutaneous injections administered weekly and apremilast 30 mg BID were less likely to be effective. Discontinuation due to any adverse event was the least likely with oral JAK inhibitors, and more likely with dupilumab and apremilast.

Conclusions

Our results support the conduct of high‐quality comparative trials to determine whether JAK inhibitors are more effective and safer than PDE4 inhibitors.
Monetary Policy and Inequality
Authors: ANDERSEN ASGER LAU , JOHANNESEN NIELS , JØRGENSEN MIA , PEYDRÓ JOSÉ‐LUIS
Published: July 2023

We analyze the distributional effects of monetary policy on income, wealth, and consumption. We use administrative household‐level data covering the entire population in Denmark over the period 1987 to 2014 and exploit a long‐standing currency peg as a source of exogenous variation in monetary policy. We find that gains from softer monetary policy in terms of income, wealth, and consumption are monotonically increasing in ex ante income. The distributional effects reflect systematic differences in exposure to the various channels of monetary policy, especially nonlabor channels (e.g., leverage and risky assets). Our estimates imply that softer monetary policy increases income inequality.
Effect of pony morphology and hay feeding methods on back and neck postures
Authors: Bordin Clara , Raspa Federica , Harris Patricia , Ellis Andrea Dorothea , Roggero Angela , Palestrini Claudia , Bergero Domenico , Valle Emanuela
Published: July 2023

The application of hay feeding devices, such as the use of hay nets or slow feeders, can help with the management of weight in ponies; however, there is still a lack of knowledge regarding their effect on equine posture. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess the effect of different feeding devices on the posture of ponies using morphometric analysis. Two different breed types, Shetland type (SH, n = 5) versus Welsh Cob type (WC, n = 4), were fed the same forage in four different ways: on the ground (G), using a fully filled haynet (HF), using a partially filled haynet (HL) and using a slow‐feeder hay box (HB). Video recordings were obtained and then geometric morphometric analysis was applied. Breed morphology was confirmed by body morphometric measurements. Data were analysed statistically using one‐way ANOVA, canonical variate analysis (CVA), principal component analysis (PCA), partial least‐squares (PLS) analysis and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Moreover, a mixed model was performed to study differences in mandibular angle. SH and WC ponies were shown to have significantly different body morphometric measurements. The geometric morphometric analysis results showed that ponies arch their back and modify their neck shape differently according to the feeding method and their morphological group. For the neck, the SH and WC ponies adapted similarly to the use of small‐holed hay nets, but their posture varied when feeding from the ground or hay box. The back postures consistently differed according to the breed type and feeding method. The mandibular angle for both breed types was reduced with all the feeding devices compared to feeding from the ground. Further studies are needed to evaluate the long‐term effects of slow‐feeding devices on posture and mandibular angle, taking into consideration animals with different morphologies.
Isolation of Malassezia yeasts from dogs with gastrointestinal disease undergoing duodenal endoscopy
Authors: Kathrani A. , Theelen B. , Bond R.
Published: July 2023

Objectives

To culture Malassezia and other fungi from the duodenum of dogs with gastrointestinal signs undergoing routine endoscopic examination.

Materials and Methods

Quantitative microbial culture was performed on duodenal juice aspirated from dogs with suspected enteropathy during routine upper gastrointestinal endoscopy; samples were cultured on Sabouraud's dextrose agar (30, 32 and 37°C) and modified Dixon agar (32°C) for 14 days. Isolates were identified phenotypically and by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionisation‐time of flight, and internal transcribed spacer sequencing. Yeast presence was also evaluated by cytological and histopathological examination of smears and biopsy specimens.

Results

Forty‐five dogs were recruited with chronic inflammatory enteropathy (n=38), granulomatous colitis (n=2), gastric adenocarcinoma (n=2), duodenal small cell lymphoma (n=1) and idiopathic severe gastrointestinal haemorrhage (n=2). Fungi were cultured from 14 dogs: Malassezia pachydermatis was isolated from eight [chronic inflammatory enteropathy (n=7) (along with Candida albicans n=1); granulomatous colitis (n=1)] and Malassezia sympodialis from another (gastric adenocarcinoma). Five dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathy yielded other yeasts (C. albicans, Candida glabrata, Kazachstania slooffiae, Kazachstania telluris, Pichia kudriavzevii [syn. C. krusei]). Yeasts were never observed in histopathological specimens. Fluorescent microscopical examination of cytological specimens showed yeast in only one case, from which K. slooffiae was subsequently isolated.

Clinical Significance

Based on a literature search, this is the first report of isolation of M. pachydermatis, M. sympodialis, K. slooffiae and K. telluris from the canine duodenum. Further studies are needed to determine whether these are resident or transient fungi in the canine duodenum and whether their presence has a pathogenic effect on the host.
The efficacy of weighted blankets for sleep in children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder—A randomized controlled crossover trial
Authors: Lönn Maria , Svedberg Petra , Nygren Jens , Jarbin Håkan , Aili Katarina , Larsson Ingrid
Published: July 2023

Weighted blankets are a non‐pharmacological intervention for treating sleep and anxiety problems in children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder. However, research on the efficacy of weighted blankets is sparse. The aim of this randomized controlled trial with a crossover design (4 + 4 weeks) was to evaluate the efficacy of weighted blankets on sleep among children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and sleeping problems. Children diagnosed with uncomplicated Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder with verified sleep problems were randomized to start with either a weighted blanket or a lighter control blanket. Data collection was performed at weeks 0, 4 and 8 using actigraphy, questionnaires and a daily sleep diary. T‐tests were used to evaluate efficacy. The study included 94 children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (mean age 9.0 [sd 2.2] years; 54 [57.4%] boys). Weighted blankets had a significant effect on total sleep time (mean diff. 7.72 min, p = 0.027, Cohen's d = 0.24), sleep efficiency (mean diff. 0.82%, p = 0.038, Cohen's d = 0.23) and wake after sleep onset (mean diff. −2.79 min, p = 0.015, Cohen's d = −0.27), but not on sleep‐onset latency (p = 0.432). According to our exploratory subgroup analyses, weighted blankets may be especially beneficial for improving total sleep time in children aged 11–14 years (Cohen's d = 0.53, p = 0.009) and in children with the inattentive attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder subtype (Cohen's d = 0.58, p = 0.016). Our results suggest that weighted blankets may improve children's sleep and could be used as an alternative to pharmacological sleep interventions.
Retrospective evaluation of the etiology and clinical characteristics of peripheral edema in dogs
Authors: Whelchel Bradley D. , Palerme Jean‐Sebastien , Tou Sandy P. , Ward Jessica L.
Published: July 2023

Background

The prevalence and clinical characteristics of different etiologies of peripheral edema in dogs are unknown.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To determine the prevalence of different etiologies of peripheral edema, describe clinical characteristics that vary among etiologies, and report survival times.

Animals

Five hundred twenty‐seven dogs with peripheral edema.

Methods

Retrospective medical record review. Differences in clinical variables among etiology groups were assessed by Kruskal‐Wallis testing with post hoc pairwise Dunn's testing and Chi‐square testing with Monte Carlo simulation.

Results

The most common etiologies of peripheral edema in dogs were vasculitis (n = 193, 37%), lymphatic/venous obstruction (LVO; 114, 22%), and hypoalbuminemia (94, 18%). Right‐sided congestive heart failure (R‐CHF) was uncommon (25, 5%). Edema was localized in 377 (72%) dogs and generalized in 142 (27%) dogs, and hypoalbuminemia was more likely to cause generalized edema compared to LVO or vasculitis (P < .0001). Concurrent abdominal effusion (155, 29%) was more common than pleural (77, 15%) or pericardial (12, 2%) effusion. Abdominal and pleural effusion occurred more commonly in dogs with hypoalbuminemia or R‐CHF compared to LVO or vasculitis (P < .0001).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Distribution of edema, concurrent cavitary effusions, and clinicopathological data can help predict the underlying etiology of peripheral edema in dogs.
A machine learning model for predicting hepatocellular carcinoma risk in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Lee Hye Won , Kim Hwiyoung , Park Taeyun , Park Soo Young , Chon Young Eun , Seo Yeon Seok , Lee Jae Seung , park Jun Yong , Kim Do Young , Ahn Sang Hoon , Kim Beom Kyung , Kim Seung Up
Published: July 2023

Background

Machine learning (ML) algorithms can be used to overcome the prognostic performance limitations of conventional hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk models. We established and validated an ML‐based HCC predictive model optimized for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infections receiving antiviral therapy (AVT).

Methods

Treatment‐naïve CHB patients who were started entecavir (ETV) or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) were enrolled. We used a training cohort (n = 960) to develop a novel ML model that predicted HCC development within 5 years and validated the model using an independent external cohort (n = 1937). ML algorithms consider all potential interactions and do not use predefined hypotheses.

Results

The mean age of the patients in the training cohort was 48 years, and most patients (68.9%) were men. During the median 59.3 (interquartile range 45.8–72.3) months of follow‐up, 69 (7.2%) patients developed HCC. Our ML‐based HCC risk prediction model had an area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.900, which was better than the AUCs of CAMD (0.778) and REAL B (0.772) (both p < .05). The better performance of our model was maintained (AUC = 0.872 vs. 0.788 for CAMD and 0.801 for REAL B) in the validation cohort. Using cut‐off probabilities of 0.3 and 0.5, the cumulative incidence of HCC development differed significantly among the three risk groups (p < .001).

Conclusions

Our new ML model performed better than models in terms of predicting the risk of HCC development in CHB patients receiving AVT.
The transcription regulatorChpAaffects the global transcriptome including quorum sensing‐dependent genes inRalstonia pseudosolanacearumstrainOE1‐1
Authors: Takemura Chika , Senuma Wakana , Tsuzuki Masayuki , Terazawa Yuki , Inoue Kanako , Sato Masanao , Kiba Akinori , Ohnishi Kouhei , Kai Kenji , Hikichi Yasufumi
Published: July 2023

The gram‐negative plant‐pathogenic β‐proteobacteriumRalstonia pseudosolanacearumstrain OE1‐1 produces methyl 3‐hydroxymyristate as a quorum sensing (QS) signal through methyltransferase PhcB and senses the chemical via the sensor histidine kinase PhcS. This leads to activation of the LysR family transcription regulator PhcA, which regulates the genes (QS‐dependent genes) responsible for QS‐dependent phenotypes, including virulence. The transcription regulator ChpA, which possesses a response regulator receiver domain and also a hybrid sensor histidine kinase/response regulator phosphore‐acceptor domain but lacks a DNA‐binding domain, is reportedly involved in QS‐dependent biofilm formation and virulence ofR. pseudosolanacearumstrain GMI1000. To explore the function of ChpA in QS of OE1‐1, we generated achpA‐deletion mutant (ΔchpA) and revealed that thechpAdeletion leads to significantly altered QS‐dependent phenotypes. Furthermore, ΔchpAexhibited a loss in its infectivity in xylem vessels of tomato plant roots, losing virulence on tomato plants, similar to thephcA‐deletion mutant (ΔphcA). Transcriptome analysis showed that the transcript levels ofphcB,phcQ,phcR, andphcAin ΔchpAwere comparable to those in OE1‐1. However, the transcript levels of 89.9% and 88.9% of positively and negatively QS‐dependent genes, respectively, were significantly altered in ΔchpAcompared with OE1‐1. Furthermore, the transcript levels of these genes in ΔchpAwere positively correlated with those in ΔphcA. Together, our results suggest that ChpA is involved in the regulation of these QS‐dependent genes, thereby contributing to the behaviour in host plant roots and virulence of OE1‐1.
An Ustilaginoidea virens glycoside hydrolase 42 protein is an essential virulence factor and elicits plant immunity as a PAMP
Authors: Zou Jiaying , Jiang Chunquan , Qiu Shanshan , Duan Guohua , Wang Guanqun , Li Dayong , Yu Siwen , Zhao Dan , Sun Wenxian
Published: July 2023

Rice false smut, caused by the ascomycete fungus Ustilaginoidea virens, which infects rice florets before heading, severely threatens rice grain yield and quality worldwide. The U. virens genome encodes a number of glycoside hydrolase (GH) proteins. So far, the functions of these GHs in U. virens are largely unknown. In this study, we identified a GH42 protein secreted by U. virens, named UvGHF1, that exhibits β‐galactosidase activity. UvGHF1 not only functions as an essential virulence factor during U. virens infection, but also serves as a pathogen‐associated molecular pattern (PAMP) in Nicotiana benthamiana and rice. The PAMP activity of UvGHF1 is independent of its β‐galactosidase activity. Moreover, UvGHF1 triggers cell death in N. benthamiana in a BAK1‐dependent manner. Ectopic expression of UvGHF1 in rice induces pattern‐triggered immunity and enhances rice resistance to fungal and bacterial diseases. RNA‐seq analysis revealed that UvGHF1 expression in rice not only activates expression of many defence‐related genes encoding leucine‐rich repeat receptor‐like kinases and WRKY and ERF transcription factors, but also induces diterpenoid biosynthesis and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways. Therefore, UvGHF1 contributes to U. virens virulence, but is also recognized by the rice surveillance system to trigger plant immunity.
Emergence of zoonotic sporotrichosis due to Sporothrix brasiliensis in Minas Gerais, Brazil: A molecular approach to the current animal disease
Authors: Colombo Salene Angelini , Bicalho Gustavo Canesso , de Oliveira Camila Stefanie Fonseca , de Magalhães Soares Danielle Ferreira , Salvato Lauranne Alves , Keller Kelly Moura , Bastos Camila de Valgas e , Morais Maria Helena Franco , Rodrigues Anderson Messias , Cunha João Luis Reis , de Azevedo Maria Isabel
Published: July 2023

Sporotrichosis is a neglected fungal zoonosis with significant impacts on human and animal health. Accurate diagnosis, treatment, and understanding of the transmission dynamics of Sporothrix species are essential for mitigating the spread of sporotrichosis. This study aimed to identify the Sporothrix species involved in the ongoing outbreaks of animal sporotrichosis in the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and analyse the phylogenetic relationships between pathogenic species to investigate the outbreak origin. Additionally, to better understand the evolution of the disease, we conducted a retrospective survey of positive feline and canine cases from November 2017 to July 2021 with proven cultures for Sporothrix. A significant increase in animal cases over the last 4 years was observed, with cats being the most affected host. Sporothrix brasiliensis was the predominant agent in 100% of the clinical isolates (n = 180) molecularly identified. Phylogenetic and haplotype analysis points towards the cases isolated from Minas Gerais sharing the haplotype originating from a long‐lasting outbreak of cat‐transmitted sporotrichosis in Rio de Janeiro, however, with a secondary contribution from genotypes circulating in other outbreaks in Brazil. Thus, we present clear evidence of the circulation of different S. brasiliensis genotypes associated with animal sporotrichosis in the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte. Genetic monitoring can contribute to understanding the causal agent for zoonotic sporotrichosis in epidemiological processes and help to implement disease prevention and control measures.
Complex eco‐evolutionary responses of a foundational coastal marsh plant to global change
Authors: Vahsen Megan L. , Kleiner Helena S. , Kodak Haley , Summers Jennifer L. , Vahsen Wendy L. , Blum Michael J. , Megonigal J. Patrick , McLachlan Jason S.
Published: July 2023

Predicting the fate of coastal marshes requires understanding how plants respond to rapid environmental change. Environmental change can elicit shifts in trait variation attributable to phenotypic plasticity and act as selective agents to shift trait means, resulting in rapid evolution. Comparably, less is known about the potential for responses to reflect the evolution of trait plasticity.

Here, we assessed the relative magnitude of eco‐evolutionary responses to interacting global change factors using a multifactorial experiment. We exposed replicates of 32 Schoenoplectus americanus genotypes ‘resurrected’ from century‐long, soil‐stored seed banks to ambient or elevated CO2, varying levels of inundation, and the presence of a competing marsh grass, across two sites with different salinities.

Comparisons of responses to global change factors among age cohorts and across provenances indicated that plasticity has evolved in five of the seven traits measured. Accounting for evolutionary factors (i.e. evolution and sources of heritable variation) in statistical models explained an additional 9–31% of trait variation.

Our findings indicate that evolutionary factors mediate ecological responses to environmental change. The magnitude of evolutionary change in plant traits over the last century suggests that evolution could play a role in pacing future ecosystem response to environmental change.
The impact of childhood psoriasis on the quality of life of parents and caregivers
Authors: Imhof Reese L. , Eton David T. , Tollefson Megha M.
Published: July 2023

We used the Psoriasis Caregiver Impact Scale to explore the quality of life (QoL) of parents/caregivers of children with psoriasis. We found that the QoL of parents of children with psoriasis is negatively affected in numerous domains including family and social life, emotional health, work, activities, and finances.
Clinical periodontal diagnosis
Authors: Salvi Giovanni E. , Roccuzzo Andrea , Imber Jean‐Claude , Stähli Alexandra , Klinge Björn , Lang Niklaus P.
Published: July 2023

Periodontal diseases include pathological conditions elicited by the presence of bacterial biofilms leading to a host response. In the diagnostic process, clinical signs such as bleeding on probing, development of periodontal pockets and gingival recessions, furcation involvement and presence of radiographic bone loss should be assessed prior to periodontal therapy, following active therapy, and during long‐term supportive care. In addition, patient‐reported outcomes such as increased tooth mobility, migration, and tilting should also be considered. More important to the patient, however, is the fact that assessment of signs of periodontal diseases must be followed by an appropriate treatment plan. Furthermore, it should be realized that clinical and radiographic periodontal diagnosis is based on signs which may not reflect the presence of active disease but rather represent the sequelae of a previous bacterial challenge. Hence, the aim of the present review is to provide a summary of clinical and radiographic diagnostic criteria required to classify patients with periodontal health or disease.
The downsides of specialization: the impact of business incubator's specialization on startups' R&D efficiency and venture capital financing
Authors: Cao Zixia , Cunningham Lawrence F. , Gao Weihe , Liu Yong
Published: July 2023

Business incubation is a combination of business development processes, infrastructure, and people which is intended to nurture new businesses through their early stages. Before joining an incubator, many startups attempt to find a good‐fit incubator, but the incubator actually decides which startups are in its portfolio. We investigated the impact of incubator specialization – the percentage of competitors in the same incubator – on the startups' R&D efficiency. We measured R&D efficiency as the ratio of the number of the current year's applied patents of a startup divided by its R&D expenditure in the previous year. By analyzing survey data from startups positioned in incubators in China over a 3‐year period, we found that greater incubator specialization decreases startups' R&D efficiency, and through which incubator specialization indirectly decreases the startups' venture capital funding. The incubator's specialization is less likely to reduce R&D efficiency in startups where the startup has greater specialized technical knowledge.
Sedimentary evolution and sequence stratigraphy of Ediacaran high‐grade phosphorite–dolomite–shale successions of the Bocaina Formation (Corumbá Group), Central Brazil: Implications for the Neoproterozoic phosphogenic event
Authors: Hippertt João Pedro T. M. , Rudnitzki Isaac D. , Morais Luana , Freitas Bernardo , Romero Guilherme R. , Fernandes Henrique A. , Leite Mariangela G. P. , Leme Juliana M. , Boggiani Paulo , Trindade Ricardo I. F.
Published: July 2023

Extensive phosphorite deposition is observed in the Neoproterozoic after a prolonged hiatus during most of the Mesoproterozoic era. This event is thought to represent an important record of major palaeoenvironmental, palaeoceanographic and biotic changes that shaped Neoproterozoic ecosystems, suggesting close relationships between phosphogenesis and the preservation of key Ediacaran biotas. However, high‐grade Ediacaran phosphorite deposits are relatively uncommon, diminishing the opportunity to test current phosphate mineralization–deposition models and their implications for Neoproterozoic research. In this scenario, widespread Ediacaran phosphorite–dolomite–shale successions of the Bocaina Formation (Corumbá Group – Central Brazil) are poorly explored in international literature. Nevertheless, recent advances in phosphate exploration gave access to continuous drill core sections and freshly opened mine pits, revealing an unprecedented record of complex phosphatic successions featuring the occurrence of Ediacaran microfossils assigned to the Doushantuo–Pertatataka assemblages. This work seeks to constrain main lithofacies, sequence stratigraphy and depositional settings from these phosphatic successions in order to analyse the sedimentary evolution of the unit under the current Neoproterozoic phosphorite research framework. These results indicate that the Bocaina Formation records secular sustained phosphate deposition. These deposits are related to unprecedented, microbialite reef rim phosphorites deposited during a lower accretionary rimmed platform stage, followed by the deposition of Doushantuo‐like, whole platform phosphorites associated with a later, drowned platform stage, therefore, reinforcing the evidence for the operation of strong allogeneic controls on phosphate mineralization–concentration. In addition, this study concludes that fossiliferous Ediacaran phosphatic deposits such as the Bocaina Formation are important to understanding Neoproterozoic phosphogenic events, because they may record the transition from a Precambrian to Phanerozoic‐like phosphogenesis associated with the instauration of the Ediacaran–Cambrian phosphatic taphonomic window. This evidence hints that the growing dataset from the Bocaina Formation may bring new, exciting perspectives for Neoproterozoic research as a whole.
Differential associations and concordance across measures of parent emotion socialization: The role of parent and adolescent emotion dysregulation
Authors: McQuade Julia D. , Breaux Rosanna , Cash Annah R. , Horton Nicholas J. , Azu Margaret A. , Delgado Daylin
Published: July 2023

Although parent ratings, adolescent ratings, and observations are all utilized to measure parent emotion socialization during adolescence, there is a lack of research examining measurement differences and concordance. Thus, the present study compared three measures of parent supportive and nonsupportive emotion socialization and examined whether parent and adolescent emotion dysregulation differentially related to these measures or moderated concordance across measures. Participants were a community sample of 92 adolescent‐parent dyads. Adolescents were 13–17 years‐old (M = 15.5, SD = 1.1), 41 were female and 51 were male; 87% of parents identified as mothers. Observed emotion socialization was coded during a parent‐adolescent conflict discussion task. The adolescent and parent also rated the parent's supportive and nonsupportive reactions to the adolescent's negative emotions; they each also rated their own emotion dysregulation. Due to data collection timing, COVID‐19 family stress was also assessed and explored as a covariate in analyses. Bivariate correlations indicated that there were weak and non‐significant correlations across emotion socialization measures. Multilevel models indicated that measures of parent emotion socialization were differentially associated with adolescent emotion dysregulation, with adolescent emotion dysregulation relating significantly to adolescent ratings, but not observations or parent ratings, of parent emotion socialization. In addition, multiple regressions indicated that there was less concordance across measures when parents were higher in emotion dysregulation. Results suggest that measurement may influence researchers’ conclusions about how youth adjustment relates to parent emotion socialization. Additionally, there may be even lower agreement across measures of parent emotion socialization when parents have emotional challenges.
Report from the extended HLA‐DPA1 ~ promoter ~ HLA‐DPB1 haplotype of the 18th international HLA and immunogenetics workshop
Authors: Truong Linh , Matern Benedict M. , El‐Lagta Naser , Mobegi Fredrick M. , Askar Medhat , Ogret Yeliz , Oguz Fatma S. , Kwok Janette , D'Orsogna Lloyd , Martinez Patricia , Petersdorf Effie , Tilanus Marcel G. J. , De Santis Dianne
Published: July 2023

The primary goal of the HLA‐DPA1 ~ promoter ~ HLA‐DPB1 haplotype component of the 18th IHIWS was to characterise the extended haplotypes within the HLA‐DP region and survey the extent of genetic diversity in this region across human populations. In this report, we analysed single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 255 subjects from 6 different cohorts. The results from the HLA‐DP haplotype component have validated findings from the initial pilot study. SNPs in this region were inherited in strong linkage, particularly HLA‐DPA1, SNP‐linked promoter haplotypes and motifs in exon 2 of HLA‐DPB1. We reported 17 SNP‐linked haplotypes in the promoter region. Together with HLA‐DPA1 and HLA‐DPB1 alleles, they formed 74 distinct extended HLA‐DP haplotypes in 438 sequences. We also observed the presence of region‐specific alleles and promoter haplotypes. Our approach involved phasing extended SNPs including promoter SNPs, HLA‐DPA1 and HLA‐DPB1 alleles, in a 22 kb region, GRCh38/hg38 (chr6:33,064,111‐33,086,679), followed by clustering of these SNPs as one extended haplotype. This hierarchical clustering revealed four major clades, suggesting that haplotypes within each clade may have diverged from a common ancestral haplotype and undergone similar evolutionary processes. The correlation between HLA‐DPA1 and the promoter region raises questions about the role of HLA‐DPA1 antigen in the heterodimer. This finding requires validation on a larger sample size specifically designed for anthropological analysis. Nevertheless, the results from this study highlight the clinical potential of selecting better‐matched donors for patients awaiting haematopoietic stem cell transplants from genetically overlapping groups that share common ancestral haplotypes.
Effect of weather conditions on efficacy of different herbicides used in Bromus sterilis control
Authors: Jursík Miroslav , Kolářová Michaela , Kučera Josef
Published: July 2023

Efficacy of herbicides is strongly affected by weather conditions shortly before and after application. Small‐plot field trials were carried out in winter wheat in north‐west Bohemia, Czech Republic, Central Europe from 2011 to 2018. The relationship between meteorological characteristics and efficacy of acetolactate synthase inhibiting herbicides (mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron, propoxycarbazone and pyroxsulam) on Bromus sterilis was studied. The effects of precipitation before and after herbicide application, mean temperature and sunshine hours after the application were found to be statistically significant. The total precipitation 30 days before herbicide application had the greatest effect on herbicide efficacy. Mean efficacy significantly increased with increasing precipitation, when mean temperatures 5 days after treatment were above 9°C. The herbicide mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron was most affected by amount of precipitation while efficacy of pyroxsulam was minimally affected. When total rainfall amounted to 30 mm in the 20–40 days after herbicide application, there was no significant effect of total rainfall before herbicide application. In order to prepare the best weed control strategy against B. sterilis, weather conditions before and after the application term should be considered so that the growers can adjust for proper application timing and be prepared for a second application with a suitable herbicide.
On simply normal numbers with digit dependencies
Authors: Becher Verónica , Marchionna Agustín , Tenenbaum Gérald
Published: July 2023

Given an integer and a set of prime numbers, the set of Toeplitz numbers comprises all elements of [0, b[ whose digits in the base‐b expansion satisfy for all and . Using a completely additive arithmetical function, we construct a number in  that is simply Borel normal if, and only if, . We then provide an effective bound for the discrepancy.
Thermal stability of stealth and de Sitter spacetimes in scalar-tensor gravity
Authors: Giardino Serena , Giusti Andrea , Faraoni Valerio
Published: July 2023

Stealth solutions of scalar-tensor gravity and less-known de Sitter spaces that generalize them are analyzed regarding their possible role as thermal equilibria at non-zero temperature in the new first-order thermodynamics of scalar-tensor gravity. No stable equilibria are found, further validating the special role of general relativity as an equilibrium state in the landscape of gravity theories, seen through the lens of first-order thermodynamics.
Analysis of black hole solutions in parabolic class using neural networks
Authors: Hatefi Ehsan , Hatefi Armin , López-Sastre Roberto J.
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we introduce a numerical method based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) for the analysis of black hole solutions to the Einstein-axion-dilaton system in a high dimensional parabolic class. Leveraging a profile root-finding technique based on General Relativity we describe an ANN solver to directly tackle the system of ordinary differential equations. Through our extensive numerical analysis, we demonstrate, for the first time, that there is no self-similar critical solution for the parabolic class in the high dimensions of space-time. Specifically, we develop 95% ANN-based confidence intervals for all the solutions in their domains. At the 95% confidence level, our ANN estimators confirm that there is no black hole solution in higher dimensions, hence the gravitational collapse does not occur. Results provide some doubts about the universality of the Choptuik phenomena. Therefore, we conclude that the fastest-growing mode of the perturbations that determine the critical exponent does not exist for the parabolic class in the high dimensions.
Shadow and stability of quantum-corrected black holes
Authors: Yang Jinsong , Zhang Cong , Ma Yongge
Published: July 2023

Recently the quantum Oppenheimer–Snyder gravitational collapse model has been proposed in loop quantum gravity, providing quantum-corrected Schwarzschild spacetimes as the exterior of the collapsing dust ball. In this paper, the quantum gravity effects on the black hole shadows in this model are studied, and the stability of the quantum-corrected black holes is also analyzed by calculating the quasinormal modes. It turns out that the quantum correction always shrinks the radius of shadows, and the quantum-corrected black holes are stable against the scalar and vector perturbations.
Probing regular MOG static spherically symmetric spacetime using greybody factors and quasinormal modes
Authors: Al-Badawi Ahmad
Published: July 2023

We investigate the behavior of the regular modified gravity (MOG) static spherically symmetric black hole (BH) under massless scalar perturbation, gravitational perturbation, and massless Dirac perturbation. The dimensionless parameter $$\left( \alpha \right) $$

α

distinguishes this BH from a Schwarzschild BH. We derive the effective potential equations for three perturbations in the regular MOG BH. Using the derived potentials, we calculate the bounds of greybody factors (GFs). Next, we investigate the quasinormal mode (QNM) of the MOG BH by implementing the WKB method of sixth order. By analyzing the influence of the MOG parameter $$\alpha $$
α
for the BH we study on GF and QNM, we found that as $$\alpha $$
α
increases, the GFs increase proportionally. However, both gravitational wave oscillation frequency and damping decrease as $$\alpha $$
α
increases. Moreover, we examine the behavior of QNMs by considering how their frequency changes with the shape of potentials. As a result, we found that the frequency behavior is like the quantum mechanical one. The faster the wave decays, the larger the potential.
Parton labeling without matching: unveiling emergent labelling capabilities in regression models
Authors: Qiu Shikai , Han Shuo , Ju Xiangyang , Nachman Benjamin , Wang Haichen
Published: July 2023

Parton labeling methods are widely used when reconstructing collider events with top quarks or other massive particles. State-of-the-art techniques are based on machine learning and require training data with events that have been matched using simulations with truth information. In nature, there is no unique matching between partons and final state objects due to the properties of the strong force and due to acceptance effects. We propose a new approach to parton labeling that circumvents these challenges by recycling regression models. The final state objects that are most relevant for a regression model to predict the properties of a particular top quark are assigned to said parent particle without having any parton-matched training data. This approach is demonstrated using simulated events with top quarks and outperforms the widely-used $$\chi ^2$$

χ
2

method.
Viscoelastic response of confined powder under large strain oscillations, characterized by its noise temperature
Authors: Handa Rishab , Wagner Christian , Fiscina Jorge Eduardo
Published: July 2023

We report a study on granular matter with and without small additions of silicon oil, under low-frequency and large amplitude oscillatory shear strain under constant normal pressure, by running experiments with a rotational rheometer with a cup-and-plate geometry. We analysed the expansion with the Chebyshev polynomials of the orthogonal decomposition of stress–strain Lissajous–Bowditch loops. We found the onset of the strain amplitude for the yielding regime indicated a regime change from filament-like structures of grains to grain rearrangements for the dry granulate and from oscillations to the breaking and regeneration of liquid bridges for wet granulates. We have shown that this viscoelastic dynamics can be characterized by a noise temperature following Sollich et al. (Phys Rev Lett https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.2020, 1997). The analysis of the first harmonics of the Chebyshev expansion showed that the state of disorder of dry and wet granular matter in pre-yielding and yielding regimes involved ensembles of different inherent states; thus, each of them was governed by a different noise temperature. The higher-order harmonics of the Chebyshev expansion revealed a proportionality between the viscous nonlinearity and the variation in the elastic nonlinearity induced by the deformation, which shows the coupling between the elastic deformation and the viscous flow of mesoscopic-scale structures.

Graphic abstract
High-Resolution Volumetric Reconstruction for Clothed Humans
Authors: Tang Sicong , Wang Guangyuan , Ran Qing , Li Lingzhi , Shen Li , Tan Ping
Published: July 2023

We present a novel method for reconstructing clothed humans from a sparse set of, e.g., 1–6 RGB images. Despite impressive results from recent works employing deep implicit representation, we revisit the volumetric approach and demonstrate that better performance can be achieved with proper system design. The volumetric representation offers significant advantages in leveraging 3D spatial context through 3D convolutions, and the notorious quantization error is largely negligible with a reasonably large yet affordable volume resolution, e.g., 512. To handle memory and computation costs, we propose a sophisticated coarse-to-fine strategy with voxel culling and subspace sparse convolution. Our method starts with a discretized visual hull to compute a coarse shape and then focuses on a narrow band nearby the coarse shape for refinement. Once the shape is reconstructed, we adopt an image-based rendering approach, which computes the colors of surface points by blending input images with learned weights. Extensive experimental results show that our method significantly reduces the mean point-to-surface (P2S) precision of state-of-the-art methods by more than 50% to achieve approximately 2mm accuracy with a 512 volume resolution. Additionally, images rendered from our textured model achieve a higher peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) compared to state-of-the-art methods.
Comparing Heuristic Rules and Masked Language Models for Entity Alignment in the Literature Domain
Authors: Piché Dominique , Font Ludovic , Zouaq Amal , Gagnon Michel
Published: July 2023

The cultural world offers a staggering amount of rich and varied metadata on cultural heritage, accumulated by governmental, academic, and commercial players. However, the variety of involved institutions means that the data are stored in as many complex and often incompatible models and standards, which limits its availability and explorability by the greater public.

The adoption of Linked Open Data technologies allows a strong interlinking of these various databases as well as external connections with existing knowledge bases. However, as they often contain references to the same entities, the delicate issue of entity alignment becomes the central challenge, especially in the absence or scarcity of unique global identifiers.

To tackle this issue, we explored two approaches, one based on a set of heuristic rules and one based on masked language models, or masked language models (MLMs). We compare these two approaches, as well as different variations of MLMs, including some models trained on a different language, and various levels of data cleaning and labeling. Our results show that heuristics are a solid approach but also that MLM-based entity alignment obtains better performance coupled with the fact that it is robust to the data format and does not require any form of data preprocessing, which was not the case of the heuristic approach in our experiments.
Metaphors in Voice User Interfaces: A Slippery Fish
Authors: Desai Smit , Twidale Michael
Published: July 2023

We explore a range of different metaphors used for Voice User Interfaces (VUIs) by designers, end-users, manufacturers, and researchers using a novel framework derived from semi-structured interviews and a literature review. We focus less on the well-established idea of metaphors as a way for interface designers to help novice users learn how to interact with novel technology, and more on other ways metaphors can be used. We find that metaphors people use are contextually fluid, can change with the mode of conversation, and can reveal differences in how people perceive VUIs compared to other devices. Not all metaphors are helpful, and some may be offensive. Analyzing this broader class of metaphors can help understand, perhaps even predict problems. Metaphor analysis can be a low-cost tool to inspire design creativity and facilitate complex discussions about sociotechnical issues, enabling us to spot potential opportunities and problems in the situated use of technologies.
A Survey on Explainable Anomaly Detection
Authors: Li Zhong , Zhu Yuxuan , Van Leeuwen Matthijs
Published: July 2023

In the past two decades, most research on anomaly detection has focused on improving the accuracy of the detection, while largely ignoring the explainability of the corresponding methods and thus leaving the explanation of outcomes to practitioners. As anomaly detection algorithms are increasingly used in safety-critical domains, providing explanations for the high-stakes decisions made in those domains has become an ethical and regulatory requirement. Therefore, this work provides a comprehensive and structured survey on state-of-the-art explainable anomaly detection techniques. We propose a taxonomy based on the main aspects that characterise each explainable anomaly detection technique, aiming to help practitioners and researchers find the explainable anomaly detection method that best suits their needs.
Vine Performance and Phenology Postponement in Cane-Pruned Chardonnay Vines Grown in a Temperate Climate: The Effects of a Delayed Winter Pruning
Authors: Vercesi Alberto , Garavani Alessandra , Parisi Maria Giulia , Gatti Matteo , Poni Stefano
Published: July 2023

In a global warming context, the advancement and compression of maturity in early ripening grape varieties suited to sparkling wine making can easily expedite harvest within the first two weeks of August (in northern Italy). Such earliness, albeit safeguarding acid retention, involves potential suboptimal grape composition and triggers logistical issues related to grape harvest and delivery. Hence, this three-year study beginning in 2020 was conducted on cane-pruned Chardonnay vines, grown in the Franciacorta district of Lombardy, to assess if a single-step delayed winter pruning was able to postpone vine phenology and ripening, without harming yield potential. Control (C) vines pruned midwinter were compared with those subjected to late winter pruning (LWP), performed when the apical shoots growing on the unpruned canes had reached the 2-3 unfolded leaf stage (T1) as well as 7-8 days later (T2). In 2022, a fourth treatment was added, consisting of a two-step procedure with finishing performed at T1 (LWP-two canes). Vegetative growth, yield components, ripening dynamics, and maturity at harvest were followed in each year of this study. Budburst delay induced by LWP treatments across seasons varied between 4 and 9 days, whereas harvest was postponed by 5–14 days. The extent of delay was especially pronounced in 2020, when the removed leaf area (LA) was also found to be the highest. The higher the removed LA, the higher the yield constrain was in the concomitant year. In 2020 and 2021, despite the harvest delay, LWP vines were able to assure full matching with desirable features in must composition, set at total soluble solids (TSS) of about 18°Brix and a titratable acidity (TA) of at least 8 g/L. In the very hot and dry phase of 2022, none of the treatments facilitated the required ripening status, while data showed that an even earlier ripening would not have allowed the harvest to reach the minimum TSS level. Notably, even in 2021 and 2022, when the removed LA was quite low, a delaying effect was prompted in the seasonal trends of all main ripening parameters. This suggested that besides the amount of LA removal, other unknown factors drive the postponement of ripening. In 2022, the behavior of added-treatment LWP-two canes was found to be quite similar to that of the C vines. Depending upon the desired yield level and local climate feature, the protocol entailing a single-step late winter pruning, performed at any time between the T1-T2 time window used in this study, is deemed as effective in achieving a significant harvest delay while maintaining or even improving the compositional patterns recorded for midwinter pruned vines.