bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXCASS system and Rock Mass Rating (RMR) classification for determining excavation method and tunnel support at Pelosika Dam Spillway Tunnel
Authors: Wisnuaji H , Setiawan H , Setiawan N I
Published: October 2023

Pelosika dam spillway tunnel was designed to drainage flood discharge and prevent overtopping. In recent investigations, the rock mass classification has not been done specifically in the spillway tunnel. This research aims to obtain technical geological data and information to define excavation methods and tunnel support. For more comprehensive research, engineering geological investigations were carried out regarding the Geological Strength Index (GSI), selecting excavation methods using EXCASS system and Rock Mass Rating (RMR) for tunnel support. The geological mapping showed that the study site was composed of 2 lithological units: quartz muscovite phyllite and pebblely sand deposits. The GSI value in the tunnel is between 14-25, indicating poor and very poor quality. Adopting the EXCASS system, the optimum method of excavation (EPIopt) in the Pelosika dam spillway tunnel are ripper easy and digger. While RMR values of 9 – 25 are classified as poor quality. Consequently, the appropriate method for the excavation sequence is using the top heading and bench and multiple drifts. And the recommended support system is a systematic rock bolt with wire mesh and shotcrete in the crown and walls with medium to light steel rib.
Groundwater Facies in the South Parts of Tegal-Brebes Groundwater Basin
Authors: Puspita T R , Kuncoro D A
Published: October 2023

The southern part of the Tegal Brebes Groundwater Basin has various rock units originating from the volcanic activity of the Slamet Volcano. The groundwater interacts with these rocks and influences the hydrogeochemical process that may alter its chemical components. The objective of this research is to assess the relationship between groundwater chemistry facies and the rock aquifer. The finding of this research will help us better understand how hydrogeochemical processes work, perform thorough research, and determine the water quality. The groundwater characteristics are determined based on the chemical composition of the water taken from the citizen’s dug wells and springs. These samples were collected to represent a difference in rock’s formation, namely Linggopodo Formation, Tapak, and Slamet Undifferentiated Volcanic Rock. The analysis of the Piper diagram shows that all the samples fall into one facies: the calcium bicarbonate type (Ca-HCO3). The groundwater’s physical and chemical properties in the study area indicate that groundwater quality has not interacted much with lithology and is still greatly influenced by meteoric water. The groundwater facies are dominated by the Ca-HCO3, a characteristic of shallow groundwater and local water flow systems.
The handling of tunnel collapse and settlement (case study: Jragung Dam diversion tunnel, Indonesia)
Authors: Fitriyantina Laela
Published: October 2023

A diversion tunnel is a crucial part of dam construction because of its function to derivate the river during earth dam filling works. The Jragung Dam diversion tunnel is located in the Kalibeng Formation, which is dominated by claystone and sandstone lithology, and passed by an anticline fold structure. The geological conditions provide challenges in tunnel construction. The collapse of rock material in the tunnel overburden and settlement on the slopes hill requires a comprehensive approach and handling by prioritizing factors of safety, cost efficiency, and speed of time. Field observation including rock mass quality analysis, reviewing the design, also monitoring of discharge and deformation was conducted to find the source of collapse. The groundwater flow and deformed soft rock were accused of being the tunnel collapse determinant. The rock mass improvements used pore-filling of sodium silicate mixture and fore-polling. Then dewatering was carried out using drainage pipes and deep wells. Because of the steep rock’s dip in the tunnel, the release wells and observation wells location need to design effectively. Geoelectric investigations correlated with bore log analysis aimed to find effective locations for groundwater control. The settlement was refilled with plastic concrete because of its lightweight and durability.
Characterization of Metapelite and Metasiltstone as Uranium-REE hosted rocks in Rirang Area, West Kalimantan
Authors: Farrenzo R A , Nugraheni R D , Sukadana I G , Indrastomo F D , Adimedha T B
Published: October 2023

The Rirang River, Kalan, West Kalimantan has U and REE resources in the form of mineralization found at the intercalation of metapelite and metasiltstone. However, there are only a few studies about the characterization of U and REE-bearing host rocks in Indonesia. Determining the geological influence of the metasedimentary rock on the mineralization of U and REE is crucial. Thus, the characterization of metapelite and metasiltstone has been substantiated in this study to reveal the potency of the host rock in hosting the U and REE. Petrographic, micro-XRF, and AMICS methods were used to conduct mineralogical analysis. These two rocks share a mineral composition that includes clay minerals, hydrothermal alteration products, and several minerals that indicate metamorphism processes. The foliation structure with a spotted shale texture further indicates the metamorphism process in metapelite and metasiltstone. REE and trace elements associated with U are constituents of clay minerals such as wonesite, staurolite, montmorillonite, chlorite, illite, and kaolinite. The geochemical properties of metapelite and metasiltstone suggest that REE mineralization and trace elements associated with U come from hydrothermal alteration processes.
Performance of Regional Economic in East Kalimantan: Leading Sector of Export-Import Commodities in 2019-2020
Authors: Kusuma R W , Farhan R , Budiman S , Kusumawati S , Hayyati A S , Putri R F
Published: October 2023

Industrial sector has an important role in encouraging the activities of economic sectors, such as trade, transportation, and the service sector. Industrial sector can increase the foreign exchange of a country in large amounts. The existence of industry is related to population distribution and economic growth. Commodities of a regional area are utilized in international trade to improve welfare of the society. International trade is required in economic importance because the whole countries need each other. This research aims to analyze the performance of regional economics in East Kalimantan Province. The used methods were LQ calculation and the amount of export-import in 2019 – 2020. The calculation is based on pre- and post-Covid-19 pandemic. The LQ of the industrial sector ranged from 0,32 – 6,92 with the highest LQ was coal and oil-gas refining industry. It was the leading sector in East Kalimantan Provinsi because their LQ was above 1. The advantages of East Kalimantan Province are supported by the prime commodity in the form of “other coal, whether or not pulverized but not agglomerated”, even though it experienced a decline in 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic.
Service Area Analysis of Primary Health Facilities in Yogyakarta Urban Area
Authors: Sadali Mohammad Isnaini , Rijanta Raden , Mutaali Lutfi , Kurniawan Andri , Setianingsih Dewi
Published: October 2023

The National Health Insurance System in Indonesia was started in 2014 with the hope that the community would have equal access rights (equity) to health care facilities. The distribution of health facilities in Yogyakarta Urban Area administratively has met the minimum standards specified by SNI 03-1733-2004 and Government Regulation no. 47 of 2016, i.e. one sub-district has at least one Puskesmas. However, the location of existing health facilities needs to be analyzed spatially, because they have various ranges (distance and service area), so that they can affect access and utilization. The purpose of this research is to map the distribution of Primary Health Facilities and analyze the range of services. This study uses quantitative research methods, with secondary data and spatial data as the main data. Quantitative analysis in this study consists of crosstab analysis of attribute data and spatial modeling. The analysis was carried out descriptively to explain each research objective. The results of the study indicate that the distribution of Primary Health Facilities in Yogyakarta Urban Area tends to cluster in Yogyakarta City and Sleman Regency. However, the range of services from health facilities has been able to cover the Yogyakarta Urban Area.
Determination of River Border Width at the Manikin River in Kupang Regency, Nusa Tenggara Timur Province
Authors: Manubulu Christiani Chandra , Suni Yulius Patrisius Kau , Costa Don Gaspar Da
Published: October 2023

River Border Lines was made and determined so that there some efforts were made for the protection, use and control of existing resources in the river. One of the river segments that are prioritized for determining river border lines is a river section adjacent to or within a developing area, one of which is the Manikin River in Kupang Regency, which is currently under construction of the Tefmo Dam which is targeted to be completed by the end of 2022. Therefore, in the future, of course, area around the weir will experience great pressure on land use which can have an impact on the function of the river due to developing community activities. The purpose of this study is to determine the width of the river border on the Manikin River. The length of the river segment where the width of the border line will be determined is 10 km from the Manikin weir to the downstream of the river. The results of this study are to obtain the width of the Manikin river border and get an overview of the location around the Manikin River about land conditions and functions, facilities and utilities that are included in the border area.
Analysis of the Amount of Filling and Emptying Time Communal Rainwater Harvesting Tank (RWH)
Authors: Kurniawan A , Maryono A , Sembada P T S , Jayatri F N M , Onerio R T , Abieza T
Published: October 2023

Utilization of stagnant water storage tanks in Banjararum Village, Kalibawang District, Kulon Progo Regency with a total of 23 units needs to be optimized by using them as communal rainwater harvesting (RWH). The amount of time for filling and emptying the tank is an important aspect to be able to optimize rainwater used for daily needs. The aims of this research was to determine the effectiveness of the use of Communal PAHs applied in the community. This is analyzed through several stages, including determining the planning location unit, analyzing hydrological characteristics and analyzing the flow rate and duration of filling and emptying the tank using the Prandtl-Colebrook formula and the Bernoulli formula. Researchers took samples in Dusun Kisik by optimizing 2 roofs that can distribute rainwater of 27.09 m3/week for roof 1 and 27.19 m3/week for roof 2. Assuming 6 people live around the tank who use water storage every day, then the communal PAH can supply 3,000 liters within 52 minutes while the emptying process for distribution to other media takes 69 minutes. This difference is due to the different dimensions of the inlet pipe and outlet pipe. So that the effectiveness of the use of Communal PAHs applied in the community can be one of the recommendations in the provision of sustainable clean water.
GIS Based Monitoring of Critical Area Upstream Watershed of PB. Soedirman Reservoir, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Khidzir A. R. , Setyawan C. , Susanto S. , Zaki M. K.
Published: October 2023

Upstream watershed has an important role as a conservation area to protect environmental functions for life. The damage of upstream watersheds causes various environmental problems such as soil erosion, landslides, river sedimentation, flooding, and others. Monitoring of upstream watersheds is important to control potential environmental damage. This study used a geographic information system (GIS) for monitoring the critical area upstream of the study site. The aim of this study is to identify critical areas in the watershed by using GIS. Six indicators presented in raster maps such as annual rainfall, soil type, land use type, land slope, population density, and water quality were used to determine the critical area. These indicators were then quantitatively analyzed by using spatial analysis tools of Arc GIS 10.6. Five classes of the critical category were used in this study namely very low, low, moderate, high, and very high. The result showed that 61.74% of the study site was covered by a low class of critical areas. Meanwhile, 37.89% and 0.36% of the study site were covered by moderate and high class critical areas, respectively. Areas with moderate and high class critical areas were found in the eastern part of the study site. The findings of this study provide a reference for determining priority areas for conservation planning.
Groundwater Conditions and Springs Potency for Domestic Requirement in Klaten and Banggai Kepulauan Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Tuyu Krisman
Published: October 2023

At present, sustainable management of water resources has become a major issue for the world community. In water management efforts, potency assessment becomes an important thing. The purpose of this study is to analyze the availability of ground water and water from springs both qualitatively and quantitatively and evaluate their potency for domestic. To determine the groundwater conditions in the research area, a qualitative descriptive analysis was carried out based on geological and hydrogeological data. To determine the potency of the springs, a quantitative descriptive analysis was carried out with the help of tables and diagrams. The potency for springs is calculated based on the discharge data of all springs contained in each district in relation to water for domestic purposes. The results showed that Kebonarum District has very good groundwater availability because it is located in an area of unconsolidated rock between mountains. In South Tinangkung District, groundwater conditions are not good. Groundwater is generally found in cracks or rock fractures. From the calculation results, it is known that the total spring discharge in Kebonarum District is 9,870,768 m3/year, while the spring discharge in South Tinangkung District is 64,144,224 m3/year. With the water in Kebonarum District is 915,858 m3/year and in South Tinangkung Sub District is 355,393 m3/year, the potency of water from springs in these two districts is sufficient to be used as a water source for domestic.
Physico-chemical properties and stable isotope composition of springwater in Leuwisari subdistrict and surrounding, Tasikmalaya, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Fadillah S , Kuncoro D A , Priandani F
Published: October 2023

Springs are a crucial source of water supply in quarternary volcanic environments, such as Galunggung Volcano in Tasikmalaya Regency, yet their quality and relationships remain poorly defined. Physicochemical properties and stable isotopes of hydrogen (δ2H) and oxygen (δ18O) were used to examine springwater’s eligibility as drinking water sources, assess the connectivity among springs and surface water, and evaluate the origin of groundwater resources. Compared with WHO standards, the springwater samples met the criteria for drinking water eligibility. Eight springs assessed are expected to originate from an unconfined aquifer actively recharging. The isotopic data indicate little or no influence of direct recharge from the rivers on this aquifer. These isotope data, integrated with available information on physical hydrogeology and water chemistry, will be used to identify and define the spring recharge and protection zones.
Spatial Study of Population Pressure on the Carrying Capacity of Rice Field Agricultural Land in Bantul Regency
Authors: Setyawati Tri Utami
Published: October 2023

Bantul Regency has experienced high regional development and population growth. In the north, it is directly adjacent to the city of Yogyakarta, experiencing more rapid regional development, and has the potential to exceed the carrying capacity of agricultural land, especially rice fields. Based on this problem, this study’s objectives are to determine the spatial variation of the carrying capacity of agricultural land and population pressure on agricultural land in the Bantul Regency. This research uses a quantitative descriptive method and secondary data from the Central Bureau of Statistics (2014-2019). The value of the carrying capacity of rice farming in the Bantul Regency is divided into Class I and Class III. Districts with a class I land carrying capacity can be self-sufficient in food and have no population pressure on agricultural land in eight sub-districts. On the other hand, there are seven sub-districts in class III that have not been able to be self-sufficient in food and have experienced population pressure on agricultural land, especially on the outskirts of Yogyakarta, including Banguntapan, Sewon, and Kasihan sub-districts. The value of the carrying capacity of agricultural land can affect the ability to be self-sufficient in rice food in Bantul Regency.
Hydrography and turbulent mixing in the Banda Sea inferred from Argo profiles
Authors: Purwandana A , Ismail M F A , Nugroho D , Atmadipoera A S , Kampono I
Published: October 2023

Two Argo floats circulating in the Banda Sea from July 2017 until April 2019 were analysed to inspect the hydrography and vertical mixing properties. The maximum intrusion of Pacific thermocline and intermediate layers in the Banda Sea were identified during the Southeast Monsoon period with high temporal variability in the mixed layer (<100 m), where fresher and warmer waters are maximum during the transition season, from Northwest to Southeast Monsoon months. The monsoonal variability was also featured by the signature of downwelling and upwelling events, respectively. The upwelling rate of the colder water, isotherm 27° C, from 100 m to 10 m depth is ∼0.7 m day−1, from March to June 2018. The thickening of mixed layer occurred during the Northwest Monsoon months. The monsoonal gyre exists in the Banda Sea as shown by Argo floats trajectory. The highest rate of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation and vertical diffusivity of >10−8 m2 s−3 and [10−5–10−4] m2 s−1, respectively, were observed in the mixed layer and thermocline layer, with the decreasing trend deeper. The dissipation rate and diffusivity are comparable to previous direct estimates and models, suggesting the potential use of Argo float datasets to quantify vertical mixing in the future.
Coastline change detection using high-resolution satellite images: a case study in Amurang Coasts, South Minahasa, North Sulawesi
Authors: Hastuti A W , Ismail N P , Nagai M
Published: October 2023

Coastal dynamics have become an intriguing subject for observation due to their constant alteration. Coastline alteration involves natural factors and human interventions, including land reclamation. The land reclamation process can result in an extreme change in coastal dynamics in the area. Amurang, South Minahasa, is an example of coastal area exploitation. Amurang coasts have undergone physical changes in the last decade, which induced alteration in the coastal balance of erosion and accretion of the area. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the pattern of coastline changes in Amurang, South Minahasa, and North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Remote sensing methods using time series data of PlanetScope ortho-tile images have been involved in this study. The results revealed that from 2016 to 2022, the coastline changed with an erosion rate of 1.05 ha/year. Moreover, due to abrasion on June 15th, 2022, the Amurang coasts lost 3.97 ha of land. The construction of coastal protection (embankment) and land reclamation on the coasts has been observed in the study area. However, the embankment construction and land reclamation have altered coastal dynamics in Amurang, resulting in erosion in the east part. Therefore, coast construction requires accurate planning and calculation involving environmental impact assessment. Moreover, coastal protection cannot rely solely on the rigid structure. Coastal conservation involving the soft structure, such as mangrove vegetation and sediment nourishment by the river, should be considered. This study shows that inappropriate coastal construction can cause enormous damage and loss on the Amurang coasts.
Water pollution index based on physical-chemical parameters in Bojonegara Coastal Waters of Banten Bay, Indonesia
Authors: Adnina G. S. N. , Rastina  , Sulistiono
Published: October 2023

Water quality is crucial for the survival of organisms. The determination of water quality is important to estimate the status of water pollution. This study was conducted to estimate the status of water quality and water pollution index based on physical-chemical parameters in Bojonegara Coastal Waters. Water sampling were taken at six stations, were consisted river and section, in five months (January-February and August-October 2020). The results of the study was compared with water quality standards for biota based on the Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021; while pollution level was calculated according to Nemerow in Dec. Min. Environ. No 115 of 2003. The observation results of temperature (28.4-37.5°C), salinity (0-38 ppt), transparency (0.05-4.7 m), turbidity (1.1 -380 mg/l), TSS ( 0.7-415 mg/l), pH (6.63-8.2), DO (3.3-7.5 mg/l), nitrate (0.001-0.745 mg/l), and total phosphate (0.001 - 0.377 mg/l), indicated that some parameters were still below the quality standard while others were higher than the water quality standards (i.e. TSS, turbidity, nitrate, and total phosphate). Based on the pollution index, Bojonegara coastal waters were classified into light to moderate categories.
Antibacterial potential marine sponge extract and bacteria symbionts Callyspongia vaginalis from Kendit Waters Against the bacteria Vibrio harveyi
Authors: Nurama D F , Maisaroh D S , Munir M , Kartika A G D , Susanti O , Joesidawati M I
Published: October 2023

Vibrio harveyi is the reason for Vibriosis disease in shrimp which causes mortality above 80%. The diseases caused by these bacteria can be treated using antibiotics, but the use of antibiotics in fisheries and aquaculture is currently estimated to harm the environment. This research was conducted to determine the screening of sponge symbiont bacteria, the antibacterial potential of sponge extract, and secondary metabolites in sponge extract. This method includes an antibacterial test, antagonist test, and qualitative phytochemical test. The test results showed that the sponge extract of Callyspongia vaginalis had the potential against V. harveyi, this was indicated by the presence of clear zones at concentrations of 10%, 20%, 80%, which indicated that these concentrations had weak inhibition criteria, while at a concentration of 40% and 60% have medium barriers criteria. The screening test results for symbiont bacteria showed that only 4 active isolates showed the presence of antibacterial activity marked by the appearance of an inhibition zone around the paper disc and categorized as having weak inhibitory power. Phytochemical tests on this sponge extract showed it had secondary metabolites: flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and steroids.
Life history and spawning potential of blue swimming crab Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Pamekasan, Madura Island, Indonesia
Authors: Ervinia A , Nugroho K C , Setioko W
Published: October 2023

Blue swimming crab is one of Indonesia’s most valuable marine crustaceans, experiencing high fishing pressures for export, which could lead to the depletion of stocks. Knowledge of blue swimming crab spawning potential is imperative for understanding the stock’s status. This study aimed to estimate the spawning potential of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) based on their life history parameters. Fourteen thousand five hundred thirty-three crab samples were collected from fishers caught using the collapsible traps from January to December 2021 in Pamekasan. The biological data, including carapace width, weight, sex, and maturity level, were measured. Length-based spawning potential ratio method was used to estimate the spawning potential ratio. Results showed the growth parameters, CW∞= 179.55 mm, K = 0.98 year−1, and tmax=3 years. Size at first maturity was estimated at 102 mm carapace width, while the size at first capture was 112-121 mm. Egg-berried female crabs were observed throughout the year, with two distinguishable peaks occurring in Jan-Feb and Aug-Sep. The overall estimates of the SPR met the reference point limit. This study gave insights that the stock status of BSC in Pamekasan was not at risk of recruitment impairment, but management actions should be initiated for stock rebuilding.
Biodiversity of coral reefs ecosystem in Sabu Raijua Waters
Authors: Fakhrurrozi  , Idris  , Yusri S , Adiwijaya C , Wijoyo N S , Prawira M A , Agustami S S , Yuniar Z , Alisa C A G
Published: October 2023

The waters of Sabu Raijua are included in World’s Coral Triangle Region, which has high-potential Coral Reefs Ecosystems that have not been widely revealed. The remote location and erratic wave weather conditions give challenges in surveying biodiversity coral reef ecosystems. The observation of the Coral Reef ecosystem has been carried out at 12 stations in Sabu Raijua using underwater photo transect to determine the coral cover percentage, line transect for benthos noncoral, belt transect for community structure of coral reefs, and visual census method for measuring reef fish community. The result of coral reef condition is categorized as moderate, where the average live hard coral cover percentage is 22%, dominated by coral massive and submassive. Hard coral that found as many as 47 genera dominated by Porites, Galaxea, and Favites. There are 111 species of coral reef fishes have been identified. Benthos noncoral found as many as 109 species.
Diversity of non-targeted species on blue swimming crab Portunus pelagicus gillnet fishery in Grogol, Cirebon
Authors: Satria M B , Ahmad H
Published: October 2023

Non-targeted Species (NTS) data and research is needed in the management and development of the blue swimming crab fishery ecosystem. The NTS were divided into two groups, namely the retained and the discarded. This study aims to explain the diversity of NTS caught by blue swimming crab fishermen that used gillnet in the Cirebon Regency. This study uses exploration and enumeration methods to analyze the catch of NTS catched by blue swimming crab fishermen for 7 months in 2021. Shannon-Wiener diversity, Evenness, and Simpson’s dominance index were further analyzed. Results showed the diversity of NTS caught by blue swimming crab fishermen with gillnets in Cirebon Regency consisted of 29 species from 23 families (9 fish, 16 crustaceans, and 4 mollusc species). The highest diversity index was observed in December (2.16) and the lowest was October (1.29). The highest population uniformity or evenness was observed in September (0.83) and the lowest in October and November (0.59). The dominance index had the highest value in August at 0.41 and the lowest in July at 0.15. The non-target species biodiversity of P. pelagicus fishery in Cirebon was classified as moderate diversity category, moderate to high evenness, and low dominance. These results provide information for fishermen to reduce catches of non-targeted species which requires fishermen to return and release the non-targeted species within 5 minutes and maintain the diversity of marine biota.
Seasonal comparison of catch abundance and size of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) in Rembang, Central Java
Authors: Utomo R P , Maulana P , Taqiyuddin M W
Published: October 2023

Considering the blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) was exported as pasteurized crab meat, the quality of fresh meat (stock and size) could have been influenced by the season and needed to be considered. This study aimed to analyse the effect of the season on the crab’s abundance and size in Rembang Water, Central Java. The study period includes four seasons, namely west monsoon, first transition, east monsoon, and second transition from July 2021 to June 2022. The crab samples from the fishermen were analysed in term of the fishing trips, weight, and carapace width at the fishing ground location. Descriptive statistics and univariate one-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data. The average abundance, weight, and size of crabs caught in Rembang waters during the year were 1,8 kilograms per trip a day (one-day fishing). The abundance of crabs in the west monsoons was greater than in the east monsoons. The pattern of crabs caught was higher at the beginning of the west monsoon (December–January), then it decreased in February until the start of the first transition (March), then gradually increased in April before decreasing again in June until the end of the second transition (October). The ANOVA test showed that the size of crabs in every season had significant differences. It was clearly shown on the boxplot that the catch in the west monsoon and the first transition was smaller than the east monsoon and second transition. These results can provide insightful information for fishers, managers, and policy makers as a basis for developing sustainable fisheries management.
Growth and survival rate of blue swimming crab enlargement in the south coast of Pamekasan, Madura Island
Authors: Ramadhan F , Wicaksono R Z , Darmawan D
Published: October 2023

Indonesia has fishery commodities favoured by the world market, especially blue swimming crab fisheries. Fishing activities that continue to increase have caused the blue swimming crab population in nature tend to decrease. Therefore, it is necessary to develop aquaculture in ponds and coastal waters. However, blue swimming crab enlargement has technological constraints that have yet to be widely known by the wider community. The study aimed to determine the survival rate of blue swimming crabs in coastal waters using ponds conducted in Pamekasan, East Java. The parameters measured were the width of the blue swimming crab’s carapace using a ruler and the growth of the blue swimming crab’s weight using a digital scale. The experimental results on blue swimming crabs obtained an absolute growth of 9.8 cm and a survival rate of 3.96%. The high rate of cannibalism in blue swimming crabs can indicate the cause of the low survival rate of blue swimming crabs. This research is expected to increase the choice of blue swimming crab enlargement to reduce the pressure of catches and be another alternative to reduce the level of blue swimming crab fishing in nature.
Shadow zone mapping using parabolic equation method in the Bali Strait Waters
Authors: Darmawan R G , Pujiyati S , Harsono G
Published: October 2023

Shadow Zone is an area where sound waves cannot penetrate a water column due to deflection. This study aims to map the shadow zone based on oceanographic parameters in the Bali Strait. The data used are temperature, salinity, and depth for 31 days in the East Season (July) in the Bali Strait at two stations from the results of numerical modeling downloaded from the website https://marine.copernicus.eu/. Shadow zone simulation uses the parabolic equation method with certain parameter limits. The vertical temperature profile shows that the deeper the water is, the lower the temperature, whereas salinity is the opposite. The sound velocity is affected by the parameters of temperature and salinity. At the location of the 25 m transducers, the undetected medium beam is narrower than the location of the 110 m transducers so that the shadow zone with a 110 m transducer position has a broader area. The Shadow zone area in the northern Bali Strait is effectively detected using a frequency of 100 Hz. In comparison, in the southern part of the Bali Strait, it is effectively seen at a frequency of 38 Hz, with the respective transducer positions used at a depth of 25 and 110 m.
Seagrass sponge (Agelas conifera: Demospongia) potential of microplastic accumulation from Pramuka Island, Seribu Islands
Authors: Sari A E M , Ismet M S , Srimariana E S
Published: October 2023

Sponges is a benthic filter feeder, that potentially absorb and accumulate substances from the aquatic environment. Pramuka Island is a small island with tourism area, that could contribute contamination of domestic and anthropogenic waste in its waters, including microplastics. This study aimed to examine the potential for microplastic accumulation in the body tissues of the seagrass-sponge Agelas conifera in Pramuka Island, DKI Jakarta. Sponge samples were collected from two stations around the final disposal site and household liquid waste disposal. Microplastic observations were carried out by adding KOH solution to remove sponge organic matter and saturated NaCl to separate the density. Microplastic observations were carried out using a stereo microscope. The result showed that sponge tissue could accumulate 166.66-300 particles/g of microplastic at both sampling stations, with the highest abundance of fibre types at station 1. The abundance of microplastic in sediment samples is 0.76-0.97 particles/g, with fragment type was found dominantly, whilst microplastic found in the water samples is 1,550 -1,956.66 particles/m3, mostly by fibre type (1230 particles/m3 ). The abundance and types of microplastic found in sediment, water and sponges samples showed a significant difference between samples with a significant value of 0.01 (ANOVA, p values).
Shallow sea waters habitat mapping in 2018 and 2022 using Sentinel-2 Imagery with OBIA Method at Kelapa Dua Island, Seribu Island, Jakarta Province, Indonesia
Authors: Panjaitan J P , Hamidah M
Published: October 2023

Shallow sea habitat has a very important role as a place to live and shelter for various types of organisms. Mapping this area needs to be done regularly considering the many benefits it has and the tendency for this area to change, one of them is by using remote sensing technology with the object-based image analysis (OBIA) method. OBIA classification includes the process of image segmentation and classification of all segmentation results. In the segmentation process using scale 100 at level 1 and scale 10 at level 2. Furthermore, at the classification process, 6 (six) habitat classes are obtained, namely sand, coral, macroalgae, sea grass, rubble and dead coral algae. The overall accuracy value in 2018 showed a value of 70%, and in 2022, it showed a value of 70.77%. The kappa coefficient value is 0.617 in the 2018 image acquisition and 0.612 in the 2022 image acquisition. The analysis carried out showed that there was a change in each habitat with the habitat that experienced the greatest changes are sand and dead coral algae class.
Coupling and thermosplasmonic properties of asymmetric hexagonal nanoframes
Authors: Azarian A , Noori F
Published: October 2023

The interaction of light with asymmetric nanostructures leads to the coupling of plasmon modes. Understanding the nature and tunability of these hybridized plasmon modes is essential for both fundamental studies and the development of new applications. Herein, we systematically examine these coupled plasmon modes and heat generated by the asymmetric hexagonal nanoframes dimers (HNDs). Our results show that there are three plasmon bands in the examined wavelength. One of these bands is related to the coupled plasmon modes, which can be actively controlled by changing the height of nanoparticles. These coupled plasmon modes originate from the interaction of dipoles with a minimum splitting energy of 170 meV. Moreover, the thermoplasmonic studies show that the temperature of the asymmetric HNDs strongly depends on the coupling of nanoframes which shows great promise for highly sensitive thermal imaging.
Infectious Disease: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Wayne Marta , Bolker Benjamin
Published: October 2023

As doctors and biologists have learned to their dismay, infectious disease is a moving target: new diseases emerge every year, old diseases evolve into new forms, and ecological and socioeconomic upheavals change the transmission pathways by which disease spreads. Taking an approach focused on the general evolutionary and ecological dynamics of disease, this Very Short Introduction provides a conceptual framework for thinking about disease. Ecology and evolution provide the keys to answering the ‘where’, ‘why’, ‘how’, and ‘what’ questions about any particular infectious disease: where did it come from? How is it transmitted from one person to another, and why are some individuals more susceptible than others? What biochemical, ecological, and evolutionary strategies can be used to combat the disease? Is it more effective to block transmission at the population level, or to block infection at the individual level? Through a series of case studies, Benjamin Bolker and Marta L. Wayne introduce the major ideas of infectious disease in a clear and thoughtful way, emphasizing the general principles of infection, the management of outbreaks, and the evolutionary and ecological approaches that are now central to much research about infectious disease.
Infection is inevitable
Authors: Wayne Marta L. , Bolker Benjamin M.
Published: October 2023

This chapter highlights the inevitability of infectious diseases, diseases that are transmitted from another person or organism by a biological agent called a pathogen or parasite. For most of human history, using quarantines to prevent transmission was the only effective way to combat infectious disease. Immunization was the first of several major breakthroughs in individual-focused infectious disease control, followed centuries later by the discovery of antibiotics. If enough of the population are protected from disease, transmission can be reduced sufficiently to stamp out an epidemic; if we protect the population on a global scale, we can drive a disease extinct. But both humans and infectious disease agents are living organisms that undergo ecological and evolutionary change, making infectious disease a moving target.
Influenza
Authors: Wayne Marta L. , Bolker Benjamin M.
Published: October 2023

Influenza, or flu, has caused more deaths than any single disease outbreak since the 14th-century bubonic plague. Twenty to 50 million people worldwide died from the 1918 Spanish Flu, which was an H1N1 strain similar to the one that caused the 2009 pandemic. ‘Influenza’ considers the control of flu transmission through hand hygiene and masking (reducing encounter), through vaccination (reducing compatibility), or ideally by a combination of both. Because flu mutates rapidly and shuffles its genome, the virus is constantly evolving. Therefore, immunity based either on vaccination or natural infection wanes after a few years. The two major types of flu vaccine are discussed, as well as the benefits and dangers of ‘gain-of-function’ research that tests mutations that change flu transmissibility or virulence.
HIV/AIDS
Authors: Wayne Marta L. , Bolker Benjamin M.
Published: October 2023

HIV is the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, or AIDS. It is transmitted by the exchange of bodily fluids. Untreated HIV infections are usually fatal within five to 10 years, but people with AIDS die from opportunistic infections, rather than from HIV itself. HIV uses its surface protein gp120 to enter immune cells; a mutation in the human genome called CCR5-Δ32 blocks this mechanism of entry. HIV’s rapid replication, mutation, and recombination rates make it highly evolvable and thus very hard to treat, cure, or prevent via vaccine. Despite these challenges, a regimen of highly active anti-retroviral therapies (HAART), developed in the mid-1990s, is extraordinarily effective against HIV, and is now being used preventively as well. While researchers have used extraordinary efforts to cure a handful of people of HIV, large-scale efforts to control HIV depend on education, condom use, needle exchange, pre-exposure prophylaxis, and HAART. Phylogenetic and historical analyses show that the ancestor of HIV first jumped from chimpanzees to humans in Africa in the early 20th century; some combination of colonial practices, use of non-sterilized syringes, and changing sexual practices then spread the virus throughout Africa and worldwide.
Cholera
Authors: Wayne Marta L. , Bolker Benjamin M.
Published: October 2023

Cholera is a water-borne, diarrhoeal disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholera. For illness to occur, humans must consume vast amounts of the bacteria. The cholera bacteria must also possess a cluster of genes involved in creating the toxin co-regulated pilus, as well as expressing the gene for cholera enterotoxin. Treatment for cholera involves giving victims oral rehydration to help them survive and antibiotics to shorten the infectious period. In mid-19th-century London, John Snow discovered that cholera was spread by a contagious agent, and localized this to a particular water pump during a cholera outbreak. Moreover, cholera helped inspire Koch’s postulates, which state the requirements for identifying a particular organism as the causative agent of a disease. Cholera evolves antibiotic resistance by horizontal gene transmission. Cholera is infected by viruses called phages, which can also move genes around in the bacterial population, and which may eventually be used to treat infection as well. Because cholera spreads through water, hygiene and water purification are the best ways to control its transmission.
What constitution?
Authors: Loughlin Martin
Published: October 2023

This chapter considers why Britain never adopted a modern constitution. In the traditional sense, the constitution is an inheritance that evolves in accordance with the national spirit. The modern idea, by contrast, is a rationalist project in which ‘the people’ agree the terms on which they are governed and settle them in a single document that takes effect as fundamental law. Britain has not adopted a modern type of constitution mainly because, since the revolutionary crisis of 1688, it has not needed to reconstitute itself politically. But it might also be argued that British political culture pragmatically favours precedent over principle, evolution over construction.
The New Wave and the politics of the sixties
Authors: Andrew Dudley
Published: October 2023

This chapter tackles how the politics of the 1960s influenced a series of changes in French filmmaking. It details the rise of the New Wave and its famous directors and films, while suggesting how historians had long discounted female participation like that of Agnes Varda, except in the case of actresses whose new look helped define the movement. The chapter explores the crucial importance of several producers who took huge risks to bring out innovative films. The New Wave opened itself to various kinds of ‘actuality’ that improvements in recording technology made newly available. Moreover, cinema was ripe for conscription into the militant rhetoric of the sixties. A key role was played by cinéma vérité, a style developed by Edgar Morin and Jean Rouch, then adopted by Godard and Chris Marker among others.
Adrift after 1968
Authors: Andrew Dudley
Published: October 2023

This chapter looks into the state of French cinema after 1968, describing the period overall as tepid. The New Wave auteurs kept making interesting films but without building another wave. Militant cinema became fatalistic, nostalgic, or extreme, although Marcel Ophüls demonstrated that television could coexist with cinema and introduce sensitive topics like French culpability in World War II. Mainstream cinema escaped into comedies, some memorably being travesties of family and gender; political thrillers often starring Yves Montand; and the so-called “mode rétro,” harking back to a pre-1945 period style. The anointed princes of the New Wave, Philippe Garrel and Jean Eustache, had no popular success but were influential among a substantial coterie of post-New Wave cinephiles and cineastes. And among these, women stand out. A single year, 1975, saw new films by Varda, Marguerite Duras, and the decade’s masterpiece, Chantal Akerman’s Jeanne Dielman.
Delayed-onset eptifibatide-induced thrombocytopenia
Authors: Huffman Travis , Gleaves Evan , Lenoir Glee , Rafeedheen Rahil
Published: October 2023

Purpose

We present a unique case of delayed-onset, profound eptifibatide-induced thrombocytopenia that occurred 5 days after initiation of the drug.

Eptifibatide is a platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor with indications for use in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Eptifibatide-induced thrombocytopenia is uncommon but well studied and typically occurs within 24 hours of initiation of the drug. In the case described here, a 62-year-old male with a past history of coronary artery disease (including percutaneous coronary intervention within the past 12 months) was started on eptifibatide at a dosage of 2 µg/kg per minute for management of significant thrombus burden prior to a planned cardiac revascularization procedure; heparin for anticoagulation was also initiated. About 5 days after initiation of eptifibatide, the patient developed severe thrombocytopenia, with the platelet count dropping precipitously from 249 × 103/µL on admission to less than 1 × 103/µL. After eptifibatide and heparin therapy were discontinued and the patient was switched to argatroban, the platelet count recovered to 38 × 103/µL over the next 2 days. An eptifibatide platelet antibody assay was positive for IgG-mediated reactions consistent with eptifibatide-induced thrombocytopenia. Scoring of this case with the Naranjo scale yielded a score of 4, suggesting a possible adverse reaction to eptifibatide.

Conclusion

This is the first published case report of profound eptifibatide-induced thrombocytopenia occurring more than 24 hours after eptifibatide initiation and serves to bring awareness that a delayed reaction can occur.
Salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan stimulates hair growth
Authors: Nakane Akio , Hirose Shouhei , Kawai Noriaki , Fujimoto Naoki , Kondo Eriko , Asano Krisana
Published: October 2023

Hair loss is a commonly encountered problem. In this study, hair growth was enhanced by daily oral ingestion of salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan (PG) in mice. Proteoglycan stimulated vesicular endothelial growth factor production in human follicle dermal papilla cells through insulin growth factor-1 receptor signaling, suggesting the possibility of hair loss improvement by PG ingestion.
Elevated 4R tau contributes to endolysosomal dysfunction and neurodegeneration in VCP-related frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Hung Christy , Patani Rickie
Published: October 2023

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are two incurable neurodegenerative diseases that exist on a clinical, genetic and pathological spectrum. The VCP gene is highly relevant, being directly implicated in both FTD and ALS. Here, we investigate the effects of VCP mutations on the cellular homoeostasis of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical neurons, focusing on endolysosomal biology and tau pathology. We found that VCP mutations cause abnormal accumulation of enlarged endolysosomes accompanied by impaired interaction between two nuclear RNA binding proteins: fused in sarcoma (FUS) and splicing factor, proline- and glutamine-rich (SFPQ) in human cortical neurons. The spatial dissociation of intranuclear FUS and SFPQ correlates with alternative splicing of the MAPT pre-mRNA and increased tau phosphorylation. Importantly, we show that inducing 4R tau expression using antisense oligonucleotide technology is sufficient to drive neurodegeneration in control human neurons, which phenocopies VCP-mutant neurons.

In summary, our findings demonstrate that tau hyperphosphorylation, endolysosomal dysfunction, lysosomal membrane rupture, endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis are driven by a pathogenic increase in 4R tau.