bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sequential *CO management via controlling in situ reconstruction for efficient industrial-current-density CO
2
-to-C
2+
electroreduction
Authors: Wu Mao , Huang Danji , Lai Feili , Yang Ruoou , Liu Yan , Fang Jiakun , Zhai Tianyou , Liu Youwen
Published: September 2023

Sequentially managing the coverage and dimerization of *CO on the Cu catalysts is desirable for industrial-current-density CO
2
reduction (CO
2
R) to C
2+
, which required the multiscale design of the surface atom/architecture. However, the oriented design is colossally difficult and even no longer valid due to unpredictable reconstruction. Here, we leverage the synchronous leaching of ligand molecules to manipulate the seeding-growth process during CO
2
R reconstruction and construct Cu arrays with favorable (100) facets. The gradient diffusion in the reconstructed array guarantees a higher *CO coverage, which can continuously supply the reactant to match its high-rate consumption for high partial current density for C
2+
. Sequentially, the lower energy barriers of *CO dimerization on the (100) facets contribute to the high selectivity of C
2+
. Profiting from this sequential *CO management, the reconstructed Cu array delivers an industrial-relevant FE
C2+
of 86.1% and an FE
C2H4
of 60.8% at 700 mA cm
−2
. Profoundly, the atomic-molecular scale delineation for the evolution of catalysts and reaction intermediates during CO
2
R can undoubtedly facilitate various electrocatalytic reactions.
The global biogeography and environmental drivers of fairy circles
Authors: Guirado Emilio , Delgado-Baquerizo Manuel , Benito Blas M. , Molina-Pardo José Luis , Berdugo Miguel , Martínez-Valderrama Jaime , Maestre Fernando T.
Published: September 2023

Fairy circles (FCs) are regular vegetation patterns found in drylands of Namibia and Western Australia. It is virtually unknown whether they are also present in other regions of the world and which environmental factors determine their distribution. We conducted a global systematic survey and found FC-like vegetation patterns in 263 sites from 15 countries and three continents, including the Sahel, Madagascar, and Middle-West Asia. FC-like vegetation patterns are found in environments characterized by a unique combination of soil (including low nutrient levels and high sand content) and climatic (arid regions with high temperatures and high precipitation seasonality) conditions. In addition to these factors, the presence of specific biological elements (termite nests) in certain regions also plays a role in the presence of these patterns. Furthermore, areas with FC-like vegetation patterns also showed more stable temporal productivity patterns than those of surrounding areas. Our study presents a global atlas of FCs and provides unique insights into the ecology and biogeography of these fascinating vegetation patterns.
8-oxoguanine riboswitches in bacteria detect and respond to oxidative DNA damage
Authors: Hamal Dhakal Siddhartha , Kavita Kumari , Panchapakesan Shanker S. S. , Roth Adam , Breaker Ronald R.
Published: September 2023

Riboswitches rely on structured aptamer domains to selectively sense their target ligands and regulate gene expression. However, some riboswitch aptamers in bacteria carry mutations in their otherwise strictly conserved binding pockets that change ligand specificities. The aptamer domain of a riboswitch class originally found to selectively sense guanine forms a three-stem junction that has since been observed to exploit numerous alterations in its ligand-binding pocket. These rare variants have modified their ligand specificities to sense other purines or purine derivatives, including adenine, 2′-deoxyguanosine (three classes), and xanthine. Herein, we report the characteristics of a rare variant that is narrowly distributed in the
Paenibacillaceae
family of bacteria. Known representatives are always associated with genes encoding 8-oxoguanine deaminase. As predicted from this gene association, these variant riboswitches tightly bind 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), strongly discriminate against other purine derivatives, and function as genetic “ON” switches. Following exposure of cells to certain oxidative stresses, a representative 8-oxoG riboswitch activates gene expression, likely caused by the accumulation of 8-oxoG due to oxidative damage to G nucleobases in DNA, RNA, and the nucleotide pool. Furthermore, an engineered version of the variant aptamer was prepared that exhibits specificity for 8-oxoadenine, further demonstrating that RNA aptamers can acquire mutations that expand their ability to detect and respond to oxidative damage.
Direct observation of the collective modes of the charge density wave in the kagome metal CsV
3
Sb
5
Authors: Azoury Doron , von Hoegen Alexander , Su Yifan , Oh Kyoung Hun , Holder Tobias , Tan Hengxin , Ortiz Brenden R. , Capa Salinas Andrea , Wilson Stephen D. , Yan Binghai , Gedik Nuh
Published: September 2023

A recently discovered group of kagome metals AV

3

Sb

5

(A = K, Rb, Cs) exhibit a variety of intertwined unconventional electronic phases, which emerge from a puzzling charge density wave phase. Understanding of this charge-ordered parent phase is crucial for deciphering the entire phase diagram. However, the mechanism of the charge density wave is still controversial, and its primary source of fluctuations—the collective modes—has not been experimentally observed. Here, we use ultrashort laser pulses to melt the charge order in CsV

3

Sb

5

and record the resulting dynamics using femtosecond angle-resolved photoemission. We resolve the melting time of the charge order and directly observe its amplitude mode, imposing a fundamental limit for the fastest possible lattice rearrangement time. These observations together with ab initio calculations provide clear evidence for a structural rather than electronic mechanism of the charge density wave. Our findings pave the way for a better understanding of the unconventional phases hosted on the kagome lattice.
Cell type–specific cytonuclear coevolution in three allopolyploid plant species
Authors: Zhang Keren , Zhao Xueru , Zhao Yue , Zhang Zhibin , Liu Zhijian , Liu Ziyu , Yu Yanan , Li Juzuo , Ma Yiqiao , Dong Yuefan , Pang Xi , Jin Xin , Li Ning , Liu Bao , Wendel Jonathan F. , Zhai Jixian , Long Yanping , Wang Tianya , Gong Lei
Published: September 2023

Cytonuclear disruption may accompany allopolyploid evolution as a consequence of the merger of different nuclear genomes in a cellular environment having only one set of progenitor organellar genomes. One path to reconcile potential cytonuclear mismatch is biased expression for maternal gene duplicates (homoeologs) encoding proteins that target to plastids and/or mitochondria. Assessment of this transcriptional form of cytonuclear coevolution at the level of individual cells or cell types remains unexplored. Using single-cell (sc-) and single-nucleus (sn-) RNAseq data from eight tissues in three allopolyploid species, we characterized cell type–specific variations of cytonuclear coevolutionary homoeologous expression and demonstrated the temporal dynamics of expression patterns across development stages during cotton fiber development. Our results provide unique insights into transcriptional cytonuclear coevolution in plant allopolyploids at the single-cell level.
A predatory gastrula leads to symbiosis-independent settlement in Aiptasia
Authors: Maegele Ira , Rupp Sebastian , Özbek Suat , Guse Annika , Hambleton Elizabeth A. , Holstein Thomas W.
Published: September 2023

The planula larvae of the sea anemone Aiptasia have so far not been reported to complete their life cycle by undergoing metamorphosis into adult forms. This has been a major obstacle in their use as a model for coral–dinoflagellate endosymbiosis. Here, we show that Aiptasia larvae actively feed on crustacean nauplii, displaying a preference for live prey. This feeding behavior relies on functional stinging cells, indicative of complex neuronal control. Regular feeding leads to significant size increase, morphological changes, and efficient settlement around 14 d postfertilization. Surprisingly, the presence of dinoflagellate endosymbionts does not affect larval growth or settlement dynamics but is crucial for sexual reproduction. Our findings finally close Aiptasia’s life cycle and highlight the functional nature of its larvae, as in Haeckel’s Gastrea postulate, yet reveal its active carnivory, thus contributing to our understanding of early metazoan evolution.
Recognition versus redistribution?
Authors: Fernández Fruela
Published: September 2023

The study of book translation flows has become a
crucial tool in understanding cultural dynamics during a period of
globalization. This chapter applies a thematic analysis of such
flows to the understanding of debates in the Spanish left since the
beginning of the 2008 economic crisis. Utilizing a conceptual
opposition formulated by Nancy Fraser and Axel Honneth, the study
tests to what extent struggles over identity and difference
(“recognition”) might obscure or hinder the importance of the
struggle for the improvement of material conditions
(“redistribution”) of a majority of people. To this end, the chapter
conducts a range of analyses and classifications of the translation
choices made by a group of politically committed publishers.
Mabia languages and cultures expressed through personal names
Authors: Abubakari Hasiyatu , Issah Samuel Alhassan , Acheampong Samuel Owoahene , Luri Moses Dramani , Napari John Naporo
Published: September 2023

This paper is a comparative study of names and naming practices among speakers of Dagbani, Kusaal, Likpakpaanl and Sɩsaalɩ. We discuss in detail the ceremonies that accompany the naming of a newborn among speakers of these languages. By using the framework of ethnopragmatics, the study explores the culture-internal dynamics of personal names by comparing the typology of names in the four languages. It draws attention to the fact that personal names are not given randomly but rather influenced by the special circumstances surrounding the birth of the name bearer and also by the advice of a diviner. This study reveals how culture is crafted through language and transmitted from one generation to the other through personal names. It is also observed that speakers of these languages have a common perception or worldview evident in their traditional cultural practices.
Coordination in telephone-based remote interpreting
Authors: Farag Rahaf , Meyer Bernd
Published: September 2023

Telephone-based remote interpreting has come into widespread use in multilingual encounters, all the more so in
times of refugee crises and the large influx of asylum-seekers into Europe. Nevertheless, the linguistic practices in this mode of
communication have not yet been examined comprehensively. This article therefore investigates selected aspects of turn-taking and
clarification sequences during semi-authentic telephone-interpreted counselling sessions for refugees (Arabic–German). A
quantitative analysis reveals that limited audibility makes it more difficult for interpreters to claim their turn successfully;
in most cases, however, turn-taking occurs smoothly. The trouble sources that trigger queries are mainly content-related and
interpreters vary greatly in the ways they deal with such difficulties. Contrary to what one might expect, the study shows that
coordination fails only rarely during telephone-based remote interpreting.
Investigating the use of technology in the interpreting
profession
Authors: Deysel Elizabeth
Published: September 2023

Over the course of the past decades of human history,
technology has reshaped our personal lives as well as our professions.
However, technological developments in interpreting have been gradual, more
especially when compared to the pace of technological developments in
translation. In addition, some interpreters hold a negative perception when
it comes to the incorporation of technology in their workflow.

This chapter presents research conducted as part of a PhD
thesis which investigated the extent of use of technology in the
interpreting profession on a global scale as well as an examination on the
perceptions of interpreters regarding the use and implementation of
technology in the interpreters’ workflow. A comparative multiple case study
research design was used to address these research aims. The cases were
divided according to geographical regions, namely the Global North and
Global South. Data collected by means of a survey provided a reflection on
the true state of use of interpreting technology utilised by interpreters in
their profession. In the analysis of the data the similarities and
differences between the two cases are highlighted and discussed. The key
findings from the analysis of the data indicates interpreters are no longer
hesitant to the use of technology in their workflow but remain concerned
with the issue of divided attention when using technology during
interpreting.
Enhanced erosion resistance of HVOF-deposited laser-textured TiC coating with PTFE
Authors: Singh Vikrant , Singla Anil Kumar , Bansal Anuj
Published: September 2023

This research explores the enhanced slurry erosion behaviour of a composite coating comprising Titanium Carbide (TiC) deposited via High Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) spraying process. The study integrates laser texturing and Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) spraying techniques to improve the coating's performance. TiC coating is applied to SS316 substrates using HVOF, followed by laser surface texturing to create micro-scale circular patterns. A thin layer of PTFE is then sprayed onto the textured surface, enhancing static contact angle and anti-adhesive properties. Slurry erosion tests reveal significant improvements in the coating's resistance. The findings offer promising applications in slurry erosion-prone industries. Further investigations aim to study the erosive mechanism of the different samples and evaluate their long-term performance.
Feedstock preparation, microstructures and mechanical properties for laser-based additive manufacturing of steel matrix composites
Authors: Chen Hongyu , Kosiba Konrad , Suryanarayana C. , Lu Tiwen , Liu Yang , Wang Yonggang , Prashanth Konda Gokuldoss
Published: September 2023

Laser-based additive manufacturing (LBAM) has shown great potential in the development of new metallic materials, especially in the design and fabrication of metal matrix composites (MMCs). Steel matrix composites (SMCs) as one MMC-type, have been successfully additively manufactured with full density and good performance. This article reviews emerging studies of LBAM-fabricated SMCs, starting from the methods of feedstock preparation including respective merits and challenges. The mechanisms of phase transformation, grain growth and texture development of the steel matrix, as well as the precipitation of reinforcements during rapid solidification inherent to LBAM are demonstrated. Microstructural features of SMCs with different matrix (austenitic, martensitic, duplex and ferritic) and reinforcement types are discussed. The interrelationship between the composition and physical properties of the composite powder, microstructures and mechanical properties of SMCs are disclosed and the involved strengthening mechanisms are discussed. Lastly, conclusions and outlook focusing on emerging trends of LBAM-fabricated SMCs are presented.
Remote ischaemic preconditioning increase tolerance to experimentally induced cold pain
Authors: Norbury Ryan , Dickens Lieben , Grant Ian , Emery Alison , Patterson Stephen D.
Published: September 2023

Ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) applied locally and remotely has been shown to reduce pain which may underpin its ergogenic effect on exercise performance, however, it is unclear how many IPC cycles are needed to induce hypoalgesia. Therefore the purpose of this study was to examine the number of cycles of IPC on experimental pain perception. Sixteen healthy participants underwent four, randomised, experimental sessions where they either underwent a sham protocol (1 × 5 min at 20 mmHg), and 1, 2 or 3 cycles × 5 min of remote IPC at 105% of limb occlusion pressure. Ten minutes post‐intervention, participants underwent a cold‐pressor test where pain threshold, pain tolerance and pain intensity were examined and compared between conditions with a one‐way repeated measure analysis of variance. Pain threshold was not different between conditions (P = 0.065); but pain tolerance was increased by ∼30% in the 1 × 5 condition, 2 × 5 condition, and 3 × 5 condition compared to the sham condition. No differences in pain tolerance were seen between the different numbers of cycles (all P > 0.05). There was also no difference in the perception of pain 30 s into the cold pressor test (P = 0.279). Remote IPC appears to significantly improve tolerance to pain which may have significant implications for endurance performance and exercise rehabilitation, but this warrants further investigation.
On the equivalence between
fR
theories and Einstein gravity
Authors: Bhattacharyya Soham
Published: September 2023

In this brief note we present a somewhat trivial result. Namely, we show that perturbative off-shell f(R)-theory is equivalent to Einstein gravity, as well as to the Brans–Dicke theory and the Einstein scalar field model. We also discuss possible generalization of this result to higher-order gravitational field models.
Capturing photoionization shadows in streamer simulations using the discrete ordinates method
Authors: Tungli Jan , Horký Miroslav , Kadlec Stanislav , Bonaventura Zdeněk
Published: September 2023

Numerical simulations of streamer propagation involving photoionization are presented, utilizing an ANSYS Fluent implementation that employs unstructured meshes and automatic mesh refinement. Two approximate methods for radiative transfer, used to handle computation of the photoionization source terms, are compared: the Eddington approximation and the discrete ordinates (DOs) method. The former is commonly employed in streamer simulations, while the latter is well-established in other branches of computational physics, such as radiative heat transfer. A 2D test case with two distinct regions, where streamer propagation can be triggered thanks to the protruded electrodes, is introduced. The two regions are partially separated by an opaque solid insulator barrier to study the effects of photoionization shadows on streamer inception and propagation. The primary positive streamer is initiated by placing a neutral plasma patch close to one of the electrode protrusions, while the secondary positive streamer, in the other region of the computational domain, is initiated by photoionization originating from the primary streamer zone. The Eddington approximation results in an excessively high photoionization source in the secondary streamer inception zone, as it fails to capture the shadowing effects of the opaque dielectric barrier. Consequently, this leads to a fast secondary streamer inception process, followed by rapid streamer propagation. On the other hand, the DOs method accurately captures the shadow, leading to a delayed secondary streamer inception. It is also shown that both methods exhibit very similar results when the dielectric barrier is transparent and the shadow is absent. This work demonstrates that using the DOs method for streamer simulations offers considerable advantages over the Eddington approximation, especially in cases involving more complex geometries where shadows need to be captured for accurate streamer inception and dynamics.
Silicon photonics-integrated time-domain balanced homodyne detector for quantum tomography and quantum key distribution
Authors: Jia Yanxiang , Wang Xuyang , Hu Xiao , Hua Xin , Zhang Yu , Guo Xubo , Zhang Shengxiang , Xiao Xi , Yu Shaohua , Zou Jun , Li Yongmin
Published: September 2023

We designed and experimentally demonstrated a silicon photonics-integrated time-domain balanced homodyne detector (TBHD), containing an optical part of dimensions of 1.5 mm × 0.4 mm. To automatically and accurately balance the detector, new variable optical attenuators were used, and a common mode rejection ratio of 86.9 dB could be achieved. In the quantum tomography experiment, the density matrix and Wigner function of a coherent state were reconstructed with 99.97% fidelity. The feasibility of this TBHD in a continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) system was also demonstrated. Our TBHD technologies are expected to be used in silicon photonics-integrated CVQKD system and silicon photonics-integrated BB84 heterodyne system.
Painlevé analysis and inelastic interactions of the lumps for a generalized (2+1)-dimensional Korteweg-de Vries system for the shallow-water waves
Authors: Liu Shao-Hua , Tian Bo , Gao Xiao-Tian
Published: September 2023

Water waves, one of the common natural phenomena, are recognized as complex and often turbulent. A generalized (2+1)-dimensional Korteweg-de Vries system for the shallow-water waves is conducted in this paper. We perform the Painlevé analysis and find that the system is Painlevé integrable. We study the inelastic interactions of the lumps for the system. We find that two lumps, which propagate along the curves with the equal amplitude, are symmetric about the x axis before the interaction, where x is a scaled spatial variable. After the interaction, amplitudes of the two lumps are different, but in the process of moving, the lower lump gradually increases, while the higher lump gradually decreases, and the velocities of two lumps at the infinity are equal. We observe two different inelastic interactions of the three lumps: (1) the three lumps are symmetric in time and space, and they slowly contract (before the interaction) and swell (after the interaction); (2) the three lumps slowly fuse and after the interaction they form a straight line forward, and their amplitudes are gradually equal when t → ∞.
Hybrid photonic device based on Graphene Oxide (GO) doped P3HT-PCBM/p-Silicon for photonic applications
Authors: Demirezen S , Dere A , Çetinkaya H G , Al-Sehemi A G , Al-Ghamdi A A , Yakuphanoglu F
Published: September 2023

Graphene oxide (GO) doped poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) interlayered Al/p-Si Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) were manufactured by spin coating technique and investigated for the effects of GO concentration on electrical and photodiode parameters. The current–voltage (I-V), measurements for the different mass ratios of GO:P3HT:PCBM (0:1:1(S1), 0.5:1:1(S2) and 2:1:1(S3)) used diodes allowed the determination of key electrical parameters, including ideality factor (n), barrier height (Φ
B
), series resistance (R

s
), shunt resistance (R

sh
), interface states density (N

ss
) and optical sensing behaviors in dark and different illumination levels (10, 30, 60, 80 and 100 mW cm−2). The rectification ratio (RR) was found to be in the order of 104. The trends obtained for the n, Φ
B
, R

s
/R

sh
and N

ss
show that these are influenced by the contribution of the GO. Observed increasing behavior of reverse current with increasing illumination shows that this SBDs can be use as photo-diodes/sensors/detectors. On the other hand, it was observed that the linear dynamic range (LDR), which is important parameter for image sensors, increased (6.86, 16.95 and 26.98 for S1, S2 and S3, respectively) with increasing GO contribution. In addition, to investigate and compare in more detail, capacitance–voltage (C-V) and conductance-voltage (G-V) measurements used for the determination of diffusion potential (V

D
), concentration of dopant acceptor atoms (N

A
), Fermi energy level (E

F
), depletion layer width (W

D
) for low frequency (1 kHz) and high frequency (1 MHz). The measured capacitance values showed a high value at the low frequency in comparison with the high frequency. This behavior explained on the basis of N

ss
. The findings suggest that the prepared diodes has the potential to serve as a photo-diodes/sensors/detectors for optical sensing applications.
Exploring the impact of strain on the electronic and optical properties of inorganic novel cubic perovskite Sr3PI3
Authors: Rahman Md Ferdous , Harun-Or-Rashid Md , Islam Md Rasidul , Ghosh Avijit , Hossain M Khalid , Bhattarai Sagar , Pandey Rahul , Madan Jaya , Ali M A , Ismail Abu Bakar Md
Published: September 2023

Inorganic perovskite materials have drawn great attention in the realm of solar technology because of their remarkable structural, electronic, and optical properties. Herein, we investigated strain-modulated electronic and optical properties of Sr3PI3, utilizing first-principles density-functional theory (FP-DFT) in detail. The SOC effect has been included in the computation to provide an accurate estimation of the band structure. At its Г(gamma)-point, the planar Sr3PI3 molecule exhibits a direct bandgap of 1.258 eV (PBE). The application of the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) relativistic effect causes the bandgap of Sr3PI3 to decrease to 1.242 eV. Under compressive strain, the bandgap of the structure tends to decrease, whereas, under tensile strain, it tends to increase. Due to its band properties, this material exhibits strong absorption capabilities in the visible area, as evidenced by optical parameters including dielectric function, absorption coefficient, and electron loss function. The increase in compressive or tensile strain also causes a red-shift or blue-shift behavior in the photon energy spectrum of the dielectric function and absorption coefficient. Finally, the photovoltaic (PV) performance of novel Sr3PI3 absorber-based cell structures with SnS2 as an Electron Transport Layer (ETL) was systematically investigated at varying layer thicknesses using the SCAPS-1D simulator. The maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 28.15% with JSC of 34.65 mA cm−2, FF of 87.30%, and VOC of 0.92 V was found for the proposed structure. Therefore, the strain-dependent electronic and optical properties of Sr3PI3 studied here would facilitate its future use in the design of photovoltaic cells and optoelectronics.
Mechanochemical synthesis of ionic solids based on phosphotungstic acid and triethylamine for photocatalytic dye degradation
Authors: Shah Syed Waqar Hussain , Bibi Sadaf , Ali Kashif , Bibi Iram , Zafar Omama , Begum Saddiqa
Published: September 2023

Ionic solid catalysts (TTA) based on phosphotungstic acid (PTA) and triethylamine (TEA) were prepared by mechanochemical/thermal treatment of mixtures possessing different mole fractions of constituents under solventless conditions. In contrast to PTA, ionic solids had high thermal stability and they were insoluble in water. Hence, they could be used in heterogeneous catalysis and recycled. The crystallite sizes of selected ionic solids were ∼24 and 30 nm as obtained by Scherrer and Williamson-Hall plots in x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Scanning electron microscopy, vibrational spectroscopy, and XRD showed that the Keggin structure of PTA was retained in ionic solids. The catalyst was studied for its effectiveness in sunlight aided degradation of Erichrome black T (EBT) dye. Most ionic solids with XPTA exceeding 0.5 showed superior photocatalytic activity compared to PTA. The degradation reached 87% with 6.0 mg of TTA5 (having PTA/TEA = 5/5) in solution containing 10 mM of EBT.
High performance multi-image encryption based on temporal-spatial double random ghost coding
Authors: Yu Zhan , Yuan Sheng , Bai Xing , Liu Yang , Chen Xingyu , Wang Yujie , Li Xinjia , Sun Mingze , Li Yue , Zhang Jialin , Zhao Dan , Zhou Xin
Published: September 2023

A high performance multi-image encryption method is presented by using the temporal-spatial double random ghost coding (TSDRGC). As an original idea in optical encryption, TSDRGC employs the chaotic lasers as light sources instead of conventional lasers. The random fluctuations of the chaotic laser can be seen as the new temporal security keys introduced into the cryptosystem, except the random illumination patterns used usually in the conventional ghost imaging as a set of spatial security keys. In the encryption process, all the images can be optically encoded in parallel and the time consumed by the encryption process does not increase compared to encrypting an image alone. Meanwhile, a decryption algorithm is proposed to achieve high quality decryption of each image independently while reducing the bit-width requirement. The simulations demonstrate the excellent performance of the scheme in terms of security, capability and robustness.
IDECAMB: an implementation of interacting dark energy cosmology in CAMB
Authors: Li Yun-He , Zhang Xin
Published: September 2023

Interacting dark energy (IDE) scenario is a natural and important extension to the standard ΛCDM cosmology. We develop a full numerical routine, called IDECAMB, as a patch to the public Einstein-Boltzmann solver CAMB, to solve the background and perturbation equations of the IDE models. The IDECAMB solver provides a unified interface for the widely studied IDE models by employing a parametrization model with five free functions. By configuring these five functions, one can easily map the coupled quintessence (CQ) and coupled fluid (CF) models into the parametrization. We handle the perturbation evolutions of the CF models with the parametrized post-Friedmann (PPF) approach to avoid the possible large-scale instability. Compared with the previous established PPF approach whose form depends on a specific IDE model, the PPF approach in this work are model-independent, making it easy to use. We constrain a specific CQ model with the IDECAMB package. The fitting results are consistent with those obtained by Planck Collaboration, which confirms the validity of the package.
Flocking and clustering in mixtures of self-propelled particles with or without active reorientation
Authors: Chen Lu , Tu Z C
Published: September 2023

We study phase behaviors of mixtures comprising active particles with and without active reorientation by varying mixing ratios. We observe that the order parameter characterizing flocking in the steady state exhibits a linear decrease with an increase in mixing ratio. While the order parameter characterizing clustering in the steady state presents a sharp leap as the mixing ratio increases. Particularly, we obtain phase diagrams of flocking under different mixing ratios and observe that the domain corresponding to flocking experiences a contraction with the increase of mixing ratio. Simultaneously, the coordinates of the critical point on the phase boundary between the flocking and the disordered phase decay exponentially with the mixing ratio.
Simulation study of interaction between energetic particles and magnetohydrodynamic modes in the JT-60SA inductive scenario with a flat q≈1 profile
Authors: Adulsiriswad P. , Todo Y. , Sato M. , Aiba N. , Narita E. , Wang H. , Idouakass M. , Wang J.
Published: September 2023

Interactions between energetic particles (EPs), an internal kink mode, and other magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities in the inductive scenario of JT-60SA (scenario

#

2) are simulated with MEGA, a global EP–MHD hybrid code. For this scenario, it was predicted by TOPICS, an integrated transport code that the internal kink mode can be unstable and the sawtooth relaxation results in a flat safety factor (q) profile with q ≈ 1 for

r

/

a
⩽
0.6

. In this equilibrium, it is found in the simulation results that the stability of the internal kink mode depends strongly on the bulk plasma pressure gradient (

∇

P

b

). In the n = 1 simulations where the toroidal mode number is restricted to n = 0 and 1, the pressure-driven internal kink mode is dominant. In the presence of co-passing EPs generated by the negative-ion-based neutral beam (NB), these EPs transfer energy to the internal kink mode; however, the EP driving rate (

γ

h

) is much lower than the driving rate from the bulk plasma pressure gradient (

γ

P

). The mode’s frequency is less than 1 kHz because the toroidal orbit frequency (ω

φ
) and poloidal orbit frequency (ω

θ
) of the co-passing EPs are approximately equal within the q = 1 surfaces. This mode affects the EP and bulk plasma pressure redistributions. The feasibility of stabilizing the internal kink mode using trapped EPs is also investigated. It is found that the trapped EPs with energy 85 keV generated by the positive-ion-based NBs cannot stabilize the internal kink mode. Stabilization is observed when the injection energy is greater than 500 keV. In the multi-n simulations, where

n
⩽
8

modes are retained, the most unstable modes are high n interchange modes with poloidal number m = n whose linear growth rates exceed that of the pressure-driven internal kink mode observed in the n = 1 simulations. The overlapping of these modes creates a stochastic magnetic field, leading to stronger EP and bulk plasma pressure redistributions than those observed in the n = 1 simulations. During the nonlinear phase, the transition from the high m = n modes to the low m = n modes is observed where the dominant mode is the

m

/

n
=
1

/

1

mode with an internal kink-like structure. These low m = n modes are generated by the nonlinear coupling of the high m = n modes. The EP kinetic effect has a minor contribution to the dynamics of these nonlinearly generated m = n modes.
Selected lattice QCD results on hadron structure
Authors: Alexandrou Constantia
Published: September 2023

We present recent results on hadron structure using lattice QCD simulations with physical values of the light, strange and charm quark masses. We overview progress on quantities that probe the three-dimensional structure of the nucleon focusing on recent results on Mellin moments and the direct computation of the x-dependence of parton distribution functions employing mainly the quasi-parton distribution approach within the large momentum effective theory.
Ultra-Peripheral Collisions physics with ATLAS
Authors: Malek Fairouz ,   ATLAS Collaboration
Published: September 2023

Exclusive production of dilepton pairs, γγ → ℓℓ, ℓ = e, μ, τ, is studied using data from ultraperipheral collisions (UPC) of lead nuclei at

s

N
N

=
5.02

TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector [1] at the LHC. The process of interest proceeds via photon-photon interactions in the strong electromagnetic fields of relativistic lead nuclei. In the case of the dielectron production, within experimental uncertainties the measured integrated cross section is in good agreement with the QED predictions from the Monte Carlo programs STARlight and SuperChic, confirming the broad features of the initial photon fluxes. The differential cross section shows systematic differences from these predictions which are more pronounced at high absolute rapidity, |yee
| and scattering angle, |cosθ*|. In the dimuon production case, the measured cross sections at large absolute rapidity |yμμ
| is found to be about 10-20% larger in data than in the calculations, suggesting the presence of larger fluxes of photons in the initial state. The γγ → ττ process is observed in the UPCs with a significance exceeding 5 standard deviations. This observation can be turned into a constraint on the τ-lepton anomalous magnetic moment. Measurement of light-by-light scattering data are also performed during the LHC Run 2. The diphoton invariant mass distribution is used to set limits on the production of axion-like particles. This result provides the most stringent limits to date on axion-like particle production for masses in the range 6-100 GeV.
Results on light (anti)hypernuclei production with ALICE at the LHC
Authors: Bartsch Esther ,   ALICE collaboration
Published: September 2023

The high collision energies reached at the LHC lead to significant production yields of light (anti)hypernuclei in proton–proton (pp), proton–lead (p–Pb) and, in particular, Pb–Pb collisions. The lightest known hypernucleus is the hypertriton, which is a bound state of a proton, a neutron, and a Λ hyperon. It decays weakly with a decay length of a few centimeters. The excellent tracking and particle identification capabilities of the ALICE detector, exploiting the energy loss measurement of the Time Projection Chamber (TPC) and using the Inner Tracking System (ITS) to distinguish between primary and secondary (decay) vertices, allow for the determination of the hypertriton yield across different collision systems, its lifetime, and its binding energy. The latest hypertriton lifetime measurement in Pb–Pb collisions performed in the 2-body decay channel will be presented. This measurement contributes to the solution of the hypertriton lifetime puzzle. In addition, the hypertriton production in different collision systems and at different energies will be compared to model predictions. Due to its low binding energy, and hence to its large size, the hypertriton is the ideal candidate to distinguish between statistical hadronization and coalescence models. With the precision of the presented yield measurements some variants of the aforementioned models can be excluded.
Open-quantum-systems approach to in-medium heavy quarkonium dynamics
Authors: Rothkopf Alexander
Published: September 2023

Heavy quarkonium continues to play a central role in the study of nuclear matter under extremes of temperature and density in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. In this talk I report on recent developments in the theoretical description of quarkonium in-medium dynamics using the open-quantum systems approach. Not only does it provide a clear interpretation of the imaginary part of the complex heavy-quark potential but also reveals that a subtle interplay between screening and wavefunction decoherence is responsible for the melting of heavy quarkonium states.
Jets in e+A SIDIS and Denominator Regularization
Authors: Horowitz W. A.
Published: September 2023

We compute the in-medium jet broadening to leading order in energy in the opacity expansion. At leading order in αs
the elastic energy loss gives a jet broadening that grows with ln E. The next-to-leading order in αs
result is a jet narrowing, due to destructive LPM interference effects, that grows with ln2
E. We find that in the opacity expansion the jet broadening asymptotics are— unlike for the mean energy loss—extremely sensitive to the correct treatment of the finite kinematics of the problem; integrating over all emitted gluon transverse momenta leads to a prediction of jet broadening rather than narrowing. We compare the asymptotics from the opacity expansion to a recent twist-4 derivation and find a qualitative disagreement: the twist-4 derivation predicts a jet broadening rather than a narrowing. Comparison with current jet measurements cannot distinguish between the broadening or narrowing predictions. We comment on the origin of the difference between the opacity expansion and twist-4 results.

We also introduce a novel regularization scheme in quantum field theory, denominator regularization (den reg). Den reg is as simple to apply as the usual dimensional regularization, works simply with a minimal subtraction scheme, and manifestly 1) maintains Lorentz invariance, 2) maintains gauge invariance, 3) maintains supersymmetry, 4) correctly predicts the axial anomaly, and 5) yields Green functions that satisfy the Callan-Symanzik equation. Den reg also naturally enables regularization in asymmetric spacetimes, finite spacetimes, curved spacetimes, and in thermal field theory.
Shell Evolution and Structure of Two-Neutron Halo in Exotic Nuclei
Authors: Suzuki Toshio , Otsuka Takaharu
Published: September 2023

Shell evolution in neutron-rich carbon isotopes is studied with repulsive contributions from three-nucleon forces among valence neutrons. Three-nucleon forces are shown to determine the dripline and improve the energy levels of the isotopes. A three-body model with low-energy neutron-neutron interaction is used to study structure of two-neutron halos of exotic nuclei. Observed halo radii in 22C and 29F are found to be well explained by the three-body model. A possible existence of an excited 2+ state in the halo of 29F and its consequences are discussed. The halo in 17B is found to be d-wave dominant, while the halo in 19B has s-wave component with about 40% probability.
Measurement of the photoabsorption cross section of 24Mg.
Authors: Bekker J A C , Pellegri L , Wiedeking M , Adsley P , Neveling R , Donaldson L M
Published: September 2023

Accurate nuclear data is a key factor in determining the suitability and reliability of many theoretical nuclear models and large-scale calculations. One of the main ingredients of these calculations is how nuclei respond to an electromagnetic field. The excitation of the isovector giant dipole resonance (GDR) is of particular importance in both nuclear structure studies as well as being the main mode of interaction of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with the extra-galactic medium. This study investigates the photoabsorption cross section in the region of the GDR in 24Mg through the use of proton inelastic scattering and the equivalent virtual photon method. The K600 spectrometer at the iThemba LABS facility was used to obtain high resolution, low background 24Mg(p,p’)24Mg* inelastic scattering data. The virtual photon absorption method is described and the result of applying the method is presented and compared to a previous real photon absorption cross section.
Observation of the shape isomer states in fission fragments from fission of low excited actinides
Authors: Kamanin D V , Pyatkov Yu V , Solodov A N , Strekalovsky A O , Zhuchko V E , Goryainova Z I , Malaza V D , Strekalovsky O V , Kuznetsova E A
Published: September 2023

The results of two methodically different experiments dedicated to the effect of a break-up of fission fragment while it passing through a solid-state foil are discussed. The hypothesis is confirmed that some part of fission fragments which were born in the shape isomer states undergo a break-up due to inelastic scattering in the foil.
β-decay studies across N = 126
Authors: Morales A. I.
Published: September 2023

With the advent of the first Radioactive Ion Beam facilities of new generation, the investigation of the neutron-rich side of the nuclear chart has experienced an impressive progress. However, the discovery and study of new nuclear species in the region around the heaviest known neutron shell closure, N = 126, is still one of the most coveted experimental challenges. At a slower pace, the exploitation of alternative reaction mechanisms and/or advanced instrumentation has opened the possibility to investigate the isomeric and β decay of new, moderately neutron-rich N ∼ 126 nuclei. These are of relevance for the understanding of the nuclear structure below the doubly-magic 208Pb and for their role in the synthesis of the trans-bismuth fissile elements in the r process. In this contribution, a general overview of the β-decay experiments performed at both sides of N = 126 is provided, with a main focus on the experiments carried out at the fragmentation facilities GSI and RIBF.
Lee-Yang-inspired functional including contributions to fourth order in effective field theory
Authors: Bonnard Jérémy
Published: September 2023

In the last years, a new family of energy density functionals directly inspired by effective field theory (EFT) has been developed, among which the ELYO (extended Lee-Yang Orsay) functional. In this paper, a new extension of ELYO that includes the recently calculated fourth-order EFT terms is presented. Compared to the previous version, the description of neutron-drop energies slightly degrades for a harmonic trap ħω = 10 MeV—yet remaining reasonable—, but improves for ħω = 5 MeV. Furthermore, the obtained neutron effective mass agrees significantly better with ab-initio estimates.
Study of the quenching of the GT-decay operator in a microscopic shell-model approach
Authors: Coraggio L , Itaco N , De Gregorio G , Gargano A , Xu F R , Ma Y Z , Cheng Z H , Viviani M
Published: September 2023

The need of a reliable calculation of the nuclear matrix elements for the 0νββ decay has ignited a new interest about the quenching of the axial coupling constant gA
, a procedure introduced to reproduce experimental results connected with GT decays. The goal of this work is to present a preliminary study to tackle this problem within the framework of the realistic shell model.
Development of (p,p′γ) detection capabilities at iThemba LABS through the study of low-lying E1 strength in 58Ni
Authors: Molaeng R E , Donaldson L M , Pellegri L , Usman I T , Bahini A , Brümmer J W , Jivan H , Jones P , Jongile S , Li K C W , Neveling R , Smit F D , Steyn G F
Published: September 2023

This work is a feasibility study designed to test and develop the (p,p′γ) detection capabilities at iThemba LABS when the K600 magnetic spectrometer at 0° is coupled to an array of high purity germanium and cerium-doped lanthanum bromide detectors. This is done through an investigation into the low-lying E1 strength of 58Ni with a proton beam of E
p = 80 MeV. The coincidence matrix of the energies of the excited states and the subsequent γ decays is presented and decays to the first excited state and ground state were identified. The results of this study are compared with previous (α, α′γ) studies.
Investigating the strength of the scissors mode in 151Sm
Authors: Magagula S P E , Malatji K L , Wiedeking M , Pellegri L , Beckmann K S , Bello Garrote F L , Görgen A , Guttormsen M , Hagen T W , Ingeberg V W , Jones P , Kheswa B V , Larsen A C , Midtbø J E , von Neumann-Cosel P , Siem S , Tveten G M , Zeiser F
Published: September 2023

Change in nuclei deformation leads to changes in statistical properties such as the nuclear level density (NLD) and γ-ray strength function (γSF). The NLD and γSF of 151Sm were extracted using the Oslo method. The strength of the scissors resonance (SR) and its centroid energy for 151Sm were found to be 2.13 ± 0.60

μ
N
2

and 2.48 ± 0.25 MeV, respectively. These results were used to place the SR of 151Sm and its magnetic dipole strength B(M1)SR
into the context of previously measured Sm isotopes.
Fission fragment mass distribution of 187Ir
Authors: Dhuri Sangeeta , Mahata K. , Shrivastava A. , Ramachandran K. , Pandit S. K. , Kumar Vineet , Parkar V. V. , Rout P. C. , Kumar A. , Chavan Arati , Kaur Satbir , Santhosh T.
Published: September 2023

The fission fragment mass and total kinetic energy (TKE) distributions were studied for 187Ir populated using 12C + 175Lu reaction at excitation energies 24.8, 23.3, 20.8, and 16.7 MeV above the saddle point. Fission fragments (FF) were detected using position sensitive MWPC’s kept at a folding angle. The mass of the fragment was calculated using Time-of-Flight (TOF) difference method. The multi Gaussian fit to the extracted mass distributions shows the presence of narrower microscopic components corresponding to Z = 38 and 45 in addition to the liquid drop component at lower excitation energies. The GEF model predicts significant asymmetric components at all the measured energies. The TKE distribution investigations suggest the dominance of macroscopic liquid drop components at all energies.
Proton inelastic scattering on 68,70,72Ni
Authors: Galtarossa F , Scomparin L , de Angelis G , Marchi T , Baumann T , Bazin D , Gade A , Gottardo A , John P R , Klintefjord M , Kolos K , Lenzi S M , Mengoni D , Michelagnoli C , Modamio V , Napoli D R , Noji S , Pereira J , Recchia F , Sahin E , Valiente-Dobón J J , Wimmer K , Weisshaar D , Zegers R
Published: September 2023

The proton inelastic scattering on 68,70,72Ni isotopes was measured at the NSCL at MSU, employing the S800 spectrometer coupled to the GRETINA γ-ray array. The aim of the experiment was to determine the degree of collectivity in these neutron-rich Z = 28 isotopes. The use of a hadronic probe allows to complement previous Coulomb excitation measurements of the reduced transition probability B(E2; 0+ → 2+) and deduce the neutron-to-proton transition matrix elements ratio. The high resolution in γ-ray energy achievable with GRETINA gives large control on feeding transitions, thus reducing possible systematics errors in the determination of transition strengths.