bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KINETIKA PERTUMBUHAN MIKROBIA DAN KEMUNDURAN MUTU BAKSO DAGING TERLAPISI PATI UMBI KIMPUL (Xanthosoma sagittifolium)YANG DIINKORPORASI KALIUM SORBAT
Authors: Warkoyo Warkoyo , Rahardjo Budi , Marseno Djagal Wiseso , Wahyu Karyadi Joko Nugroho
Published: November 2016

The rapidity of   microbial growth as damage agents indicates quality deterioration of food as its substrate. The presence of active coatings on the surface of the food material will affect to both of microbial growth rapidity and food quality deterioration. The objectives of this research were to determine the kinetics of microbial growth and quality deterioration of X. sagittifolium starch-based coated meatballs incorporated with potassium sorbate. Various potassium sorbate concentration onedible coatings were tested in the research. Observation parameters included the numberof microbes, protein content, TVB-N, weight losses, and texture. The results showed that the addition of potassium sorbate signiﬁcantly affected the number of microbes, TVB-N, and texture. However, it did not signiﬁcantly affect to the protein content and weight losses of meatballs. The number of microbes increased exponentially with the inhibitionrate of 0.101 times of potassium sorbate concentration, while TVB-N and the texture of meatballs changed linearly with the inhibition rate of 0.584 and 0.036 times of potassium sorbate concentration respectively. The active starch-based edible coatings with 0.6% potassium sorbate incorporated increased the shelf life of meatballs up to 4 days, while themeatballs without coating only lasted less than 1 day.Keywords: Active edible coating, microbial growth kinetics, potassium sorbate ABSTRAKKecepatan pertumbuhan mikrobia sebagai agen kerusakan dapat mengindikasikan kemunduran mutupangan sebagai substratnya. Adanya pelapis aktif pada permukaan bahan makanan akan mempengaruhi keduanya.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan kinetika pertumbuhan mikrobia, dan kemunduran mutu bakso terlapisi pati umbi kimpul (X. sagittifolium) yang diinkorporasi kalium sorbat. Perlakuan yang dicoba dalam penelitian ini adalah konsentrasi kalium sorbat yang berbeda pada pelapis edible. Parameter pengamatan meliputi jumlah mikrobia, kadar protein, TVB-N, susut berat, dan tekstur.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan kalium sorbat berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah mikrobia, TVB-N, dan tekstur, serta berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap kadar protein dan susut berat bakso. Jumlah mikrobia meningkat secara eksponensial dengan laju penghambatan 0,101 kali konsentrasi kalium sorbat, sementara  TVB-N, dan tekstur bakso berubah secara linier dengan laju penghambatan masing-masing sebesar 0,584dan 0,036 kali konsentrasi kalium sorbat. Pelapis edible aktif berbasis pati X. sagittifolium yang diinkorporasi kalium sorbat 0,6% dapat meningkatkan umur simpan bakso sampai 4 hari, sementara bakso tanpa pelapis hanya bertahan kurang dari 1 hari.Kata kunci: Pelapis edible aktif, kinetika pertumbuhan mikrobia, kalium sorbat
PENGEMBANGAN FORMULA MINUMAN OLAHRAGA BERBASIS TEMPE UNTUK PEMULIHAN KERUSAKAN OTOT (Development of Tempe Based Sports Beverages for Muscles Damage Recovery)
Authors: Jauhari Mansur , Sulaeman Ahmad , Riyadi Hadi , Ekayanti Ikeu
Published: November 2016

The purposes of this research were to study sports drink formulation based on tempe for muscle damage recovery and to evaluate the sensory acceptability. Randomized complete design was used in this study, with a single factor was water addition for dissolving the tempe powder, as follows: 500 ml, 600 ml and 700 ml. Each treatment contains protein 23 grams. The tempe powder contained water 5.39%, ash 1.22% dry basis, protein 45.55% dry basis, fat 33.9% dry basis, carbohydrate 13.94% dry basis, Ca 0.14% dry basis, Fe 0.018% dry basis, Na 0.004 % dry basis, Mg 0.06 % dry basis, Cl 0.04% dry basis and K 0.10% dry basis. Hedonic test results of tempe beverages showed that the addition of 600 ml water had the highest value on overall preference (5.42) compared to addition of 700 ml (5.37) and 500 ml (4.92) (p>0.05). Tempe beverages with the addition of 600 ml water had the highest overall acceptability with the value of 80%. Characteristics of these beverages per serving were: protein of 23g, carbohydrate of 48g, fat of 17.11g, energy of 438 kilo calorie, branched chain amino acids (BCAA) of 4161.6 mg, Ca of 72.92 mg, Fe of 9.46 mg, Mg of 33.12 mg, Na of 2.37 mg, Cl of 21.30 mg and K of 54 mg.Keywords: Tempeh drink, acceptability, sports drink ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari formulasi minuman olahraga berbasis tempe untuk pemulihan kerusakan otot dengan kandungan gizi yang tepat dan dapat diterima secara sensori. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan faktor tunggal yaitu jumlah penambahan air untuk melarutkan tepung tempe yang terdiri dari tiga tingkatan yaitu 500 ml, 600 ml dan 700 ml, dengan masing-masing perlakuan mengandung 23 gram protein. Tepung tempe yang digunakan mengandung kadar air 5,39%, abu 1,22 % berat kering, protein 45,55% berat kering, lemak 33,9% berat kering, karbohidrat 13,94 % berat kering, kalsium 0,14% berat kering, besi 0,018% berat kering, natrium0,004% berat kering, magnesium 0,06% berat kering, klorida 0,04% berat kering dan kalium 0,10% berat kering. Hasil uji hedonik minuman tempe menunjukkan bahwa penambahan air 600 ml cenderung mempunyai nilai kesukaan secara keseluruhan yang paling tinggi (5,42) dibandingkan dengan penambahan air 700 ml (5,37) dan 500 ml (nilai 4,92)(P>0,05). Minuman tempe dengan penggunaan air 600 ml mempunyai penerimaan secara keseluruhan yang tertinggi dengan nilai 80%. Minuman tersebut mempunyai karakteristik per sajian sebagai berikut kandungan protein 23 gram, karbohidrat 48 gram, lemak 17,11 gram, energi 438 kkal, branched chain amino acids (BCAA) 4161,6 mg, Ca 72,92mg, Fe 9,46 mg, Mg 33,12 mg, Na 2,37 mg dan Cl 21,30 mg, dan K 54 mg.Kata kunci: Minuman tempe, daya terima, minuman olahraga
THE CLAY CONTENT EFFECT ON THE FORMATION OF SHALLOW MOLE DRAINAGE AND THE RATE OF LOWERING SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT
Authors: Suharyatun Siti , Purwantana Bambang , Rozaq Abdul , Mawardi Muhjidin
Published: November 2016

Installing shallow mole drainage in the soil is inﬂ uenced by various factors, namely; the physical properties of soil and tools which are used. One of the physical properties of soil that inﬂ uences the formation of the mole drainage is the clay content of soil. This study aimed to explore the condition of the mole drainage formed in paddy soil with different clay contents. The study was conducted in a laboratory scale using a soil bin, a model of mole plough, and soil which was kept homogeneous in the boxes. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory for Energy andAgricultural Engineering, Agricultural Engineering Department, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. Mole drainage was installed in 3 paddy soils with different clay content, namely; 13.12% (soil A; loam soil), 41.17% (soil B; clay soil) and 53.36% (soil C; clay soil). The study was conducted by analyzing the geometry of the mole drainage and observingthe soil deformation which occurred due to the formation of the mole drainage. The study showed that perfect mole drainages were installed in all of those three types of soil. The mole drainages were quite good and stable with little cracks. Based on the soil crack and ﬁ ssuring of soil, the largest soil deformation has occurred in soil with the highestclay content and the smallest one in soil with the lowest clay content. The characteristics of those three installed mole drainages were almost the same, but they had different effect on the rate of lowering soil moisture content. Here, the mole drainage installed in loam soil is different from which of installed in clay soil. The mole drainage installed in theloam soil did not inﬂ uence the rate of lowering soil moisture content. Contrary, the mole drainage installed in clay soil has effected to increase the rate of lowering soil moisture content.Keywords: Mole drainage, soil moisture content, clay content
Agrarian Ideology Remnants and Rural Healthcare Organizational Behavior: Observations and Research Opportunities
Authors: Wilson Asa B.
Published: November 2016

Rural health facilities, especially hospitals and critical access hospitals, have a troubled history, a challenging today, and a problematic future—a reality that is well documented. Despite public policy support and affiliation tactics, these entities continue to face conversion or closure threats. An enduring question is why these organizations continually struggle. Leading to a hypothesized answer, information gathered during participant-observer turnaround interventions in five rural facilities is categorized, labeled, and interpreted. Five clusters of organizational behaviors were identified. Each cluster is defined in terms of its agrarian root and discussed as a present-day remnant—a rural outlook or mindset. Each behavior cluster is considered in terms of its adverse impact on facility performance. This inductive study points to follow-up studies to: 1) operationalize the rural outlook with a survey tool and a large sample of rural facilities; 2) assess the rural outlook’s association with facility fiscal performance; 3) develop and test an economic behavior theory of the rural healthcare firm; and 4) establish a typology of rural agriculture-based communities. The root cause explanatory value of the rural outlook mindset and the proposed research are discussed in terms of strengthening rural health facilities.
Can Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Ensure the Sustainable Growth of Ready Made Garments (RMG) Sector in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md. Asiqul , Huosong Xia
Published: November 2016

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is the proceeding with duty by business work to continue the morally and keep on the enhancement of economy while increasing the personal satisfaction of the workforce and their families and also of the nearby group and society on the loose This study has been directed to investigate the considerable significance of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). To accomplish result, research technique has relied based on information from secondary sources. This study finds the CSR practices and the practice is not well appropriately. Health problems, injured scenario increasing along with low payment of wages in RMG of Bangladesh. Also environment is polluting in the absence of proper CSR practice. Some of association attempting their best, however in the vast majority of cases association don’t know about that. Without implementation of CSR, sustainable growth is not possible in RMG sector. This study suggested that CSR practice is one and only approach to unravel the all boundaries and ensure the sustainable growth of RMG sector in Bangladesh.
Pensar a Dios: imagen y relación con dios en la poesía de Nicanor Parra y Gabriela Mistral.
Authors: Klopfer Lea , Lagos Bascuñán Víctor
Published: November 2016

This paper deals with a comparative analysis between Nicanor Parra´s and Gabriela Mistral´s poetry, focusing on the diverse experiences, images, and attitudes toward God that these poetic speakers assume. Starting from a selection of their poems, an answer will be intended to respond the question about their conception of the divine that we understand as characteristic of the new questioning spaces emerging during the 20th century.
La menesterosidad laical de una teología de los signos de los tiempos.
Authors: De la Fuente Vásquez Francisco
Published: November 2016

This paper deals with the laymen’s need of an accompanying church that responds to the challenges arising from the recommendations of the Second Vatican Council, which demands a theology considering the signs of the times, bearing in mind the option for the poor and the active participation of the laymen community in the spirit of the góspel.
El ego cogito, punto de partida para la reconstrucción del mundo, o para una subjetividad trascendental.
Authors: Velarde Lizama Catalina
Published: November 2016

This paper studies Descartes’s ego cogito and the consequences that the French philosopher could draw from his own finding. We will compare them with Edmund Husserl’s cogito and his transcendental phenomenology. In addition, we will try to explain some of the reasons why Descartes could not see the whole scope of his finding.
Do coffee cooperatives benefit farmers? An exploration of heterogeneous impact of coffee cooperative membership in Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Shumeta Zekarias , D’Haese Marijke
Published: November 2016

Smallholder farmers’ participation in agricultural cooperatives is often promoted as a promising strategy for overcoming market imperfections and to increase farmers’ productivity and income. In recognition of this potential, in recent years, Ethiopia has shown renewed interest in promoting cooperatives. However, there is lack of empirical evidence of the impact that cooperatives have on farmers’ performance in Ethiopia. Using a matching technique, we evaluate the impact of coffee cooperatives on the performance of their member households in terms of income and coffee production. We use data from coffee farmers in south-west Ethiopia. The overall results suggest that members of cooperatives are not faring much better than non-members. The treatment effects we measured were not statistically significant from zero. Yet, the aggregate figures mask differences between cooperatives and amongst individual cooperative members. Average treatment effects on members differ between cooperatives, in general older members, those who have benefitted from more education and those with larger coffee plantations seem to benefit more from membership. Our analysis sheds light on the heterogeneity in the impact that membership of a cooperative can have: this differs by cooperative and by members within cooperatives, a finding that has important policy implications.
Effect of fetal cerebellar tissue transplantation on the restoration of hind limb locomotor function in rats with spinal cord injury
Authors: Medvediev V. , Senchyk Yu. , Draguntsova N. , Dychko S. , Tsymbaliuk V.
Published: November 2016

Fetal cerebellar tissue contains the largest number of neurogenic progenitors committed on the differentiation into glutamatergic neurons that can be used in the development of promising new treatment for spinal cord injuries.To evaluate the effect of fetal cerebellar tissue transplantation (FСTT) on the restoration of motor function after spinal cord injury in experiment.Materials and methods. Animals: inbred albino Wistar rats (5.5 months males, weighting 300 grams); main experimental groups: 1 – spinal cord injury + transplantation of a fragment of fetal (E18) rat cerebellum (n = 15), 2 – spinal cord injury only (n = 40). Model of an injury – left-side spinal cord hemisection at Т11; monitoring of the ipsilateral hind limb function (IHLF) – the Вasso-Вeattie-Вresnahan (BBB) scale.Results. FСTT normalizes the distribution of IHLF values, distorts the dynamics of the motor function recovery, transforming it from a progressive (in a control group) to the constant with variation within 3-3.6 points BBB during the experiment. FСTT causes early temporary positive effect on the functional state of the motor system, probably provided by mediator-dependent, neuroprotective, proangiogenic effect and remyelination. In our view, the gradual depletion of the FСTT positive effect due to resorption of the graft within the first 2 months is compensated by autoregenerative neoplastic process that is typical for the control group and by autoimmune utilization of myelin-associated inhibitors of axonal growth in the zone of injury that causes stability of the IHLF value during the observation period.Conclusion. Transplantation of fetal cerebellar tissue causes a short-term positive effect on the motor function recovery limited by the 1st month of the traumatic process. Evaluation of such type of neurotransplantation effectiveness requires taking into account the dynamics of the spasticity and chronic pain.
IT governance: An architectural framework based on consolidated best practices
Authors: Batyashe Thami , Iyamu Tiko
Published: November 2016

Due to the continual increase of the significance of information technology (IT), the need to provide governance in the deployment, use and management of the artefacts is simultaneously essential. However, even though different frameworks have been employed, the implementation of IT governance has never been easy for many organisations. This is attributed to many factors, such as people, process and technological artefacts. IT governance frameworks differ in one area or another, making their selection challenging for organisations. As a result, some organisations have more than one IT governance framework. This, on one hand, sometimes results in duplication of the frameworks’ functionalities, thereby adding to the environment complexity. On another hand, some IT governance frameworks are short of functions in regard to the organisation’s objectives. These challenges are attributed to the lack of an architectural framework, of consolidated best practices.
Governance of the public health sector during Apartheid: The case of South Africa
Authors: Brauns Melody , Stanton Anne
Published: November 2016

The healthcare system that the African National Congress (ANC) government inherited in 1994 can hardly be described as functional. Indeed the new government had inherited a combination of deliberate official policy, discriminatory legislation and at times blatant neglect. This paper presents an overview of the evolution of the healthcare system in South Africa. The structures set up under apartheid had implications for provision of public healthcare to South Africans and reveals how governance structures, systems and processes set up during apartheid had implications for the provision of public healthcare to South Africans.
The restructuring and privatisation trajectory in South Africa: tracing the historical public policy origins, purpose, methods and guidelines in the pre-1994 epoch
Authors: Gumede Nyawo , Asmah-Andoh Kwame , Kabir Md Humayun
Published: November 2016

Many perspectives have been propounded and written about the restructuring and privatisation reform. However, this paper endeavours to give a South African approach to the reform profoundly delving into its historical approach on the original definition, methods, factors, criteria and goals of the reform. This paper seeks to demonstrate that this reform has its origins in the apartheid government policy which was intended at strengthening and revitalising the apartheid political economy in the 1980s. The thinking that the private sector runs enterprises in a more efficient, effective, competitive and profitable way and that such an approach may be applied to the State Owned Enterprises with success in an effort to reduce government debt and improving the operational performance, attracted the then South African government into adopting this neoliberal trajectory. State Owned Enterprises compared to their private counterparts performed poorly and suffered heavy losses and ultimately drained government financially. The then South African government initiated a white paper on privatisation and deregulation in 1987 which culminated in the implementation of the restructuring and privatisation reform in South Africa. Thus, this paper posits that the privatisation and restructuring reform originated from the then South African government policy initiatives in the 1980s.
Switch-out and switch-in: What motivates the decision makers in Italian occupational pension funds?
Authors: Lippi Andrea
Published: November 2016

To switch presumes two kinds of transactions carried out by the same person: on the one hand, the decision to exit an investment line (switch-out) and, on the other hand, the decision to enter into a new investment line (switch-in). What motivates the decision makers? This paper, considering a sample of Italian occupational pension funds, investigates the impact of short-term and long-term performance on the switch decision process and whether the same performance can lead investors to make opposite switch decisions. Some irrational behaviors are identified.
Exploring key considerations when determining bona fide inadvertent errors resulting in understatements
Authors: de Villiers Chrizanne
Published: November 2016

Chapter 16 of the Tax Administration Act (28 of 2011) (the TA Act) deals with understatement penalties. In the event of an ‘understatement’, in terms of Section 222 of the TA Act, a taxpayer must pay an understatement penalty, unless the understatement results from a bona fide inadvertent error. The determining of a bona fide inadvertent error on taxpayers’ returns is a totally new concept in the tax fraternity. It is of utmost importance that this section is applied correctly based on sound evaluation principles and not on professional judgement when determining if the error was indeed the result of a bona fide inadvertent error. This research study focuses on exploring key considerations when determining bona fide inadvertent errors resulting in understatements. The role and importance of tax penalty provisions is explored and the meaning of the different components in the term ‘bona fide inadvertent error’ critically analysed with the purpose to find a possible definition for the term ‘bona fide inadvertent error’. The study also compares the provisions of other tax jurisdictions with regards to errors made resulting in tax understatements in order to find possible guidelines on the application of bona fide inadvertent errors as contained in Section 222 of the TA Act. The findings of the research study revealed that the term ‘bona fide inadvertent error’ contained in Section 222 of the TA Act should be defined urgently and that guidelines must be provided by SARS on the application of the new amendment. SARS should also clarify the application of a bona fide inadvertent error in light of the behaviours contained in Section 223 of the TA Act to avoid any confusion.
A model of the factors affecting international postgraduate students’ pursuit of degrees: A case study
Authors: Govender Desmond Wesley , Basak Sujit Kumar
Published: November 2016

The aim of this paper is to present a model of the factors affecting international students’ pursuit of their academic degrees in tertiary institutions. This was achieved by identifying factors that commonly affect international postgraduate students. This was a questionnaire based case study with a sample of 24 post-graduate international students from one university in KwaZulu-Natal. Questionnaires were analysed using SPSS (version 21.0) and WarpPLS (4.0). WarpPLS (4.0) was used to draw up a statistically based model regarding the factors affecting international students in pursuit of their academic degrees. Results from the model show that financial stress, accommodation challenges, cultural shock, loneliness/homesick, communication skills and evaluation of their (previous) university experience affect students in their pursuit of their academic degrees in higher education. These findings could be used by students themselves to make them aware of possible challenges that lie ahead as well as by staff in international student offices at higher education institutions.
Robustifying the multivariate chain-ladder method: A comparison of two methods
Authors: Van Wouwe Martine , Phewchean Nattakorn
Published: November 2016

The expected result of a non-life insurance company is usually determined for its activity in different business lines as a whole. This implies that the claims reserving problem for a portfolio of several (perhaps correlated) subportfolios is to be solved. A popular technique for studying such a portfolio is the chain-ladder method. However, it is well known that the chain-ladder method is very sensitive to outlying data. For the bivariate situation, we have already developed robust solutions for the chain-ladder method by introducing two techniques for detecting and correcting outliers. In this article we focus on higher dimensions. Being subjected to multiple constraints (no graphical plots available), the goal of our research is to find solutions to detect and smooth the influence of outlying data on the outstanding claims reserve in higher dimensional data sets. The methodologies are illustrated and computed for real examples from the insurance practice.
Effect of Adhesive Restoration and Bleaching Technique on the Concentration of Hydrogen Peroxide In the Pulp Chamber
Authors: Cavalli V , Silva BG , Berger SB , Abuna G , Marson FC , Tabchoury CPM , Giannini M
Published: November 2016

This study aimed to quantify the concentration of hydrogen peroxide into the pulp chamber in the presence or absence of adhesive enamel restorations and to analyze the resin-dentin interface of bleached groups. Bovine incisors (120) were randomly divided into three groups according to enamel treatment (n=40 each): (1) enamel without restoration (control); (2) enamel cavities (3 mm diameter × 1.5 mm depth) restored with a silorane-based (SB) system; or (3) enamel cavities (3 mm diameter × 1.5 mm depth) restored with a dimethacrylate-based (DB) system. Restorations were thermocycled, and all groups were submitted to one application of 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) agent for 45 minutes and subjected to four light activation methods (n=10 each): without light, light-emitting diode (LED), LED/diode laser, or halogen light. Acetate buffer solution was placed into the pulp chamber before bleaching, and this solution was collected to spectrophotometrically determine the concentration of HP that reached the pulp chamber after bleaching. Rhodamine B was added to the HP agent and applied on additional enamel samples of each group for 24 hours. Samples were sectioned mesiodistally, and the bleaching agent was traced using confocal microscopy. According to two-way analysis of variance and Tukey test (α=0.05), the HP concentration in the pulp chamber of the control group was significantly lower than that of the SB group (p<0.05), regardless of light activation. No differences were observed between DB and SB groups and between control and DB groups, except for the DB halogen light activated group, which exhibited higher HP intrapulpal concentration (p<0.05). Confocal microscopy exhibited HP diffusion through the interface of the SB and DB restored groups as well as enamel prisms in the control group. The SB restorative system increased the HP diffusion into the pulp chamber, but HP was able to diffuse even in the absence of enamel restorations.
Effect of Bioactive Primers on Bacterial-Induced Secondary Caries at the Tooth-Resin Interface
Authors: Kim GE , Leme-Kraus AA , Phansalkar R , Viana G , Wu C , Chen S-N , Pauli GF , Bedran-Russo AKB
Published: November 2016

Secondary caries at the tooth-resin interface is the primary reason for replacement of resin composite restorations. The tooth-resin interface is formed by the interlocking of resin material with hydroxyapatite crystals in enamel and collagen mesh structure in dentin. Efforts to strengthen the tooth-resin interface have identified chemical agents with dentin collagen cross-linking potential and antimicrobial activities. The purpose of the present study was to assess protective effects of bioactive primer against secondary caries development around enamel and dentin margins of class V restorations, using an in vitro bacterial caries model. Class V composite restorations were prepared on 60 bovine teeth (n=15) with pretreatment of the cavity walls with control buffer solution, an enriched fraction of grape seed extract (e-GSE), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl)-carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide, or chlorhexidine digluconate. After incubating specimens in a bacterial model with Streptococcus mutans for four days, dentin and enamel were assessed by fluorescence microscopy. Results revealed that only the naturally occurring product, e-GSE, significantly inhibited the development of secondary caries immediately adjacent to the dentin-resin interface, as indicated by the caries inhibition zone. No inhibitory effects were observed in enamel margins. The results suggest that the incorporation of e-GSE into components of the adhesive system may inhibit secondary caries and potentially contribute to the protection of highly vulnerable dentin-resin margins.
Temperature dependence of entropy of mixing of liquid alkali alloys
Authors: Singh B K , Singh Sudhir , Mandal Golak Kumar , Singh Dhiraj Kumar
Published: November 2016

A semi-empirical approach has been considered to study the temperature dependence of entropy of mixing, (ΔsM), for various alkai-alkali alloys using hard-sphere model. The most important physical parameters occurring here is the hard-sphere diameter (σ) and the packing fraction (η). For pure liquid metals, this is usually determined empirically from the observed entropy as a function of temperature which in turn are utilised to compute ΔSM for Na-K, K-Rb, Na-Rb, NaCs, Rb-Cs and K-Cs alloys as a function of concentration at five different temperature ranging from 400°K-800°K. The study reveals that entropy of mixing for Na-K, Na-Rb and K-Rb systems decreases with increasing temperature. But the result for Cs-based alloys exhibit a mixed behaviour.BIBECHANA 14 (2017) 16-29
Analytical exact solution of telegraph equation using HPM
Authors: Ahmad Jamshad , Mohiuddin Ghulam
Published: November 2016

In this paper, exact solutions of different variants of second order hyperbolic telegraph equation are investigated with Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM). The results determined by the proposed method are quite satisfactory and shows that HPM technique is very effective and useful for solving the nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) with given initial or boundary conditions. The proposed iterative scheme finds the solution without any discretization, linearization or restrictive assumptions.BIBECHANA 14 (2017) 30-36
The socio economic effect of cancer on patients’ livelihoods in Kenyan house holds
Authors: Mutuma J , Wakhungu J , Mutai C
Published: November 2016

The study assessed The socio economic effect of cancer on patients’ livelihoods in kenyan households. In Kenya, cancer is ranked third among the main causes of death after infectious and cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, cases of cancer in Kenya have increased creating a burden on many households. This has negatively impacted on poverty alleviation and sustainable development in the long run. A Sample of 245 patients seeking treatment in the three major oncology centers in the country namely Kenyatta National and Referal Hospital, Moi Teaching and Referal Hospital and Agakhan University Hospital was used. Data was collected through self-administered questionares, Focus groups discussions and key informant interviews. A triangulation approach involving in-depth interview using questionnaires as the main collection instrument for key informants were carried out. Secondary data was collected through case study, review of documents, reports and publications related to the topic and online journals. Chi square was used to test the independence of variables. The  result revealed poverty, late and poor cancer diagnosis and lack of medical cover were found to be the top ranking serious challenges facing cancer patients in the country. Cross-sectional survey, correlational and evaluation research designs were adopted for the study.  Both non-probability sampling and probabilistic sampling methods were used in selecting subjects seeking treatment at the three main oncology centers in Kenya. BIBECHANA 14 (2017) 37-47
Anxiety and depression among adolescent students at higher secondary school
Authors: Bhandari M
Published: November 2016

This study was conducted to assess the association of depression and anxiety with selected variables; low academic performance and poor parent adolescent relationship among the adolescent students at Arniko Higher Secondary school at Biratnagar. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) tools were used for data collection. Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient and Chi Square test were applied to assess the significant variables. The findings of the study revealed that there was significant correlation between total depression and total anxiety score i.e. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient value was 0.554 (p = 0.000). The study also found that the depression and anxiety were significantly associated with type of family (p =0.005 & p = 0.015).  The depression was significantly associated with academic performance of adolescent students (p = 0.030) and major accident in the family (p =0.009). Similarly, the anxiety was significantly associated with parental fight (p = 0.007), conflict with father (p = 0.019), and death of family member (p = 0.016). It can be concluded that adolescent anxiety and depression are significant mental health problems so further studies are needed to validate the findings. BIBECHANA 14 (2014) 103-109
Empowering patients to promote and protect their health
Authors: Shankar P Rabi
Published: November 2016

Not available.Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2015) Vol. 3 (2): 1-3
Study on use of Indigenous herbal product by diabetic patient visiting diabetic centre in Nepal
Authors: Sonar B , Jha BN , Upadhyay-Dhungel K
Published: November 2016

Background and Objectives: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease worldwide. With increasing trends towards sedentary lifestyle, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing in urban region of Nepal too. Material and Methods: A quantitative descriptive study was conducted for a period of two months. One-to-one structured interviews were taken to fill the structured questionnaire prepared after proper literature review from the patients attending a diabetic clinic in Lalitpur. The questionnaire  includes the socio-demographic details, lifestyle and questionnaires related to patients’ perception and use of herbal remedies/product. Relevant information was also obtained from the patient medical files. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS version 20. Results: Out of total population about 30 % of people were using the indigenous product for their treatment along with allopathic medication. Among them, 17 were male and 14 were female. Various indigenous herbal products were used by the patients. Among them fenugreek, aloe Vera, bitter guard, bottle guard, black berry are the common one. The frequencies of using these products are in fig 4.4. The total percentage of patient using fen ugreek is 42%, Aleo-Vera 35%, Bittergaurd 29% and very few participants were using Bottle guard, Neem, and Hibiscus and Guava leaf too.Conclusion: Participants have good faith on use of indigenous herbal products and are using it. Fenugreeks, Aloe-Vera, Bittergourd, Neem, Bottle gourd, Hibiscus and Guava leaf are commonly used. But no consistent data regarding fixed dose or method of preparation of such product was found. So, further researches are needed to confirm the effectiveness of those indigenous products.Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2015) Vol. 3 (2):13-20
Bone marrow smear VS Blood smear in diagnosis of Kala-azar
Authors: Yadav Nagendra Prasad , Das K D , Yadav R K
Published: November 2016

Background  and Objectives:  Bone marrow specimen is considered as superior to the blood in the laboratory diagnosis of Kala-azar. The  main objective of this study is to compare these two methods of diagnosis and determine the usefulness of the diagnostic techniques.Material and Methods:  This  prospective  cross sectional  study  was  conducted at Janakpur Zonal Hospital, Janakpur which was  aimed  to  determine  the usefulness of the bone marrow specimen and blood specimen in the  laboratory diagnosis of Kala-azar. Bone marrow aspirate and venous blood  was  collected  aseptically  from  the  cases  were  processed  simultaneously.  The  results  of these two cultures were compared. Results:  Total 60 cases  of Kala-azar were included in the study of which 32 were male  and 28 were  female.   Amastigote  form  of  Leishmania  donovani  were  detected  in  56  (93.33%)  samples with  high  titre  of  parasitemiae  and  119  (18%)  in  the  blood  sample  with  low  parasitemiae. Sensitivity and Specificity of the test was calculated of the bone marrow sample test have more sensitivity (98%) and specificity (100%) over the sensitivity (90%) and specificity (96%) of blood smear test.Conclusion:  Bone marrow specimens were  found to be more useful than the blood sample in the  laboratory diagnosis of Kala-azar.Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2015) Vol. 3 (2): 38-42
Fingerprint pattern examination of right hand thumb in relation to Blood Group
Authors: Jha L , Das K D , Ahamad Z
Published: November 2016

Background  and  Objectives:  The  study  of  friction  ridge  patterns  of  fingertip  is  known  as dermatoglyphics.  Although  human  beings  have  been  using  fingerprints  as  a  means  of identification for a long time, in this study an effort has been made to study a fingerprint pattern examination of right hand thumb in relation to ABO Rh blood group, so that one can get an idea about the expected blood group from the study of fingerprint pattern and vice versa.Material and Methods:  A plain thumb print was taken by applying ink to the tip of right hand thumb and place in the thumb directly on paper with a gen tle pressure and the rolled fingerprint was taken by rolling the thumb on paper from outward to inward in such a way as to obtain an impression of whole tip. The blood   group was determined and recorded along with other details of the study subjects after taking inform consent. Data were entered in excel and analyzed.Results: It was observed that percentage of Loops were highest in AB blood group (76.92%) and O blood group with (71.05%) common in A and B blood group with 57.14%. Also, percentage of Whorls  in  A  blood  group  was  highest  (42.86%)  as  compared  to  lowest  in  AB  blood  group (23.08%),  in  blood  group  B  and  O  the  distribution  of   whorls  pattern  are  39.28%  and  28.95% respectively. Similarly, percentage of Arch was least in B blood group (3.84%).Conclusion: This study showed that there is an association between ridges of fingertip and different blood group.Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2015) Vol. 3 (2): 58-61
Surveillance Narratives: Kafka, Orwell, and Ulrich Peltzer’s Post-9/11 Novel Teil der Lösung
Authors: Wasihun Betiel
Published: November 2016

In the aftermath of the 9/11 terror attacks and the ensuing increase in state controlled surveillance measures questions revolving around authority, privacy and individual freedom call for re-examination. Reading Ulrich Peltzer’s contemporary Berlin novel Teil der Lösung against the backdrop of Kafka’s Der Process and Orwell’s 1984, the following paper will examine continuities and ruptures in the representation of surveillance with regards to privacy and – first and foremost – authority. Kafka’s and Orwell’s “Ur-Surveillance Novels” (Nellis 2009) are revealed as precursors to the contemporary critique of surveillance at work in Peltzer’s fiction and in Trojanow’s and Zeh’s polemic pamphlet “Angriff auf die Freiheit”. While exploring how in the wake of 9/11 political resistance towards surveilling authorities is mirrored in contemporary German literature, I also elucidate the question of narrative authority within structures of surveillance in Kafka’s Der Process, Orwell’s 1984 and Peltzer’s Teil der Lösung. I argue that Peltzer’s postmodern text criticizes surveillance practices by undoing the centralized-authoritarian position of the narrator for the sake of a more diffuse, decentralized style of narration, thereby working against anti-democratic tendencies.
Watching the Night: Surveillance and Cross-Sectional Montage in Nikolaus Geyrhalter’s Abendland (2011)
Authors: Henkel Brook
Published: November 2016

Austrian filmmaker Nikolaus Geyrhalter’s 2011 documentary Abendland is an important, if little-known, cinematic reflection on contemporary surveillance in Europe. Along with his 2005 documentary Unser täglich Brot, Geyrhalter’s films, this paper argues, revive and revise 1920s cross-sectional montage strategies in order to represent the active roles of technology in contemporary life. Through cross-sectional, formal associations, Abendland suggests a totalizing environment of night-time surveillance in the European Union and provocatively blurs normal distinctions between care and control. Geyrhalter’s deceptively simple strategies of camera positioning and editing succeed in visualizing the deeper perceptual structures and behaviours produced by surveillance and thus assert the lasting power of traditional cinematic techniques in relation to newer perceptual technologies.
System Error: Complicity with Surveillance in Contemporary Workplace Documentaries
Authors: Ring Annie
Published: November 2016

This article sets itself against the bulk of scholarship on surveillance, which is characterized by emphasis either on Michel Foucault’s analysis of the Panopticon, or on Gilles Deleuze’s too-brief “Postscript on the Societies of Control.” In contrast to these dominant critical paradigms, the article recuperates a mode of governmentality proposed in Foucault’s last lectures on “Security,” in order to draw out the latent instabilities that beset contemporary surveillance systems and hence reveal the possibility of resisting them. The article’s recuperation of “Security” proceeds by way of close readings of workplace documentaries by radical filmmakers Harun Farocki (Die Schöpfer der Einkaufswelten, Ein neues Produkt, and other films) and Carmen Losmann (Work Hard Play Hard). When analyzed in concert with Foucault’s neglected late lectures, and in a final move with the post-Freudian theory of perversion, these films prompt new reflection on complicity with surveillance and, importantly, the unexpected potential of that complicity as an error in the systems of contemporary workplaces and leisure-spaces.
One Pot Synthesis of 6-(4-carboxy-3-methyl-2-phenylquinolin-6-ylsulfonyl)-3-methyl-2-phenylquinoline-4-carboxylic Acids from Dapsone and α-ketobutyric Acid by a Doebner Reaction
Authors: Javadi Negar Moshref , Azizian Javad
Published: November 2016

A series of new 6-(4-carboxy-3-methyl-2-phenylquinolin-6-ylsulfonyl)-3-methyl-2-phenylquinoline-4-carboxylic acids were synthesised by a one-pot reaction of dapsone, α-ketobutyric acid, and aromatic aldehydes in the presence of CuBr2 as a catalyst. Operational simplicity, mild reaction conditions, and eco-friendly procedure make this novel protocol a promising alternative for the preparation of quinoline-4-caboxylic acid derivatives. The structures of the products were established by elemental analyses and spectroscopic data. The biological activity of the new sulfone dimers was evaluated as having the potential for use as anticancer agents.
Efficacy and Safety of Carbetocin in Comparison to Oxytocin in the Active Management of Third Stage of Labour Following Vaginal Delivery: An Open Label Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Kabir Nazneen , Akter Dilruba , Daisy Tahmina Afrin , Jesmin Sonia , Razzak Mollika , Tasnim Saria , Islam GM Raihanul
Published: November 2016

Objective(S):This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of carbetocin in comparison to oxytocin in the active management of third stage of labour following vaginal delivery.Methods:A randomized-controlled trial was conducted in the Institute of Child and Mother Health (ICMH), Dhaka, Bangladesh over a period of nine months from January to September, 2015. Patients who got admitted in ICMH with labour pain were assessed by general examination, abdominal examination and labour status was confirmed by per vaginal examination. On the basis of selection criteria total 94 pregnant women who had undergone vaginal delivery were randomized for two groups of drugs. According to computer generated randomization sequential number was allocated for cases. One group of patients received intravenous 100 micro gram carbetocin and another group of patients received intramuscular 10 IU oxytocin in third stage of labour. Outcome measures such as amount of blood loss in 24 hours, primary PPH, massive blood loss, need of fundal massage, need for additional uterotonic therapy, blood transfusions as well as other adverse effects were all documented.Results: In this study, massive blood loss did not occur in any of patients in carbetocin group. But massive blood loss occurred in 8.5% women of oxytocin group. Further fundal massage, immediate blood transfusion and additional uterotonics were not needed by any patient in carbetocin group. In oxytocin group, fundal massage required in 10.6% of women, blood transfusion was needed for 6.4% patients and additional uterotonics was needed for 10.6% women. Average amount of blood loss were 64 ml less in carbetocin group and adverse effects of drugs were almost similar in both groups. Primary PPH was developed 6.4% in oxytocin group but none of patients developed PPH in carbetocin group.Conclusion: Carbetocin appears to be an effective new drug in the active management of third stage of labour in vaginal delivery. A single dose of 100 microgram IV carbetocin is more effective than oxytocin for maintaining adequate uterine tone, less blood loss and preventing postpartum bleeding in women undergoing vaginal delivery. So, carbetocin can be considered as a good alternative to oxytocin in the active management of third stage of labour in vaginal deliveryBangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2015; Vol. 30(1) : 3-9
Non Descent Vaginal Hysterectomy: A Rational Surgical Approach
Authors: Zahan Arifa Akter , Shahnewaz Kh , Khan Fahmida , Salma Ummay
Published: November 2016

Objective(s): The aim of the study wasto evaluate the safety and feasibility of non-descent vaginal hysterectomy in advancing gynaecological practice.Materials and methods: This prospective observational study was conducted from 1st July 2013 to 31st June 2014 in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of Kumudini Womens Medical College & Hospital, Mirzapur, Tangail. Fifty patients who needed hysterectomy for benign gynaecological disorders and who had no descent of uterus or vagina were the target population for this study. Main outcome measures were i) difficulty of operation, ii) procedures for overcoming the difficulties,iii) switch over to abdominal route, iv) time taken to complete the operation, v) blood loss during operation vi) need of blood transfusion and vii) postsurgical hospital stay.Results: In all (100%) cases vaginal hysterectomy was completed successfully. Commonest age group (46%) was between 41-45 years. All patients were parous. Size of the uterus was less then 8 wks in 21 cases, 8wks to 12 wks in 27 cases and more than 12 wks in 02 cases. Commonest indication was dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) (44%). Mean duration of surgery was 50.5 ± 5.46 minutes. Mean blood loss was 100± 22.43 ml.Blood transfusion was required in four cases. Average duration of hospital stay was 3.1± 1.2 days. Complications were minimum which included, bladder injury, UTI and Vault infection.Conclusions: In properly selected cases non-descent vaginal hysterectomy is safe, feasible and patient friendly.Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2015; Vol. 30(1) : 15-19