bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dry Mass Increment, Foliar Nutrientes and Soybean Yield as Affected by Aminoacid Application
Authors: Teixeira Walquíria F. , Fagan Evandro B. , Soares Luís H. , Reichardt Klaus , Silva Leidyanne G. , Dourado-Neto Durval
Published: November 2019

Due to the importance of soybeans worldwide, there is a constant search for products or management systems that aim to increase the productivity of this crop. In this sense, some products that have amino acids in their composition have been used, however, there is still a lack of studies that aim to show the isolated effect of amino acids on growth parameters. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the application of amino acids in the treatment of seeds and of the leaf in the soybean crop. Experiments were carried out in a greenhouse and in the field with the application of glutamate, phenylalanine, cysteine, glycine as a seed treatment (ST) and also as foliar application (FA) at the V4 growth stage. The dry mass accumulation of root, stem, leaves, total and yield of a soybean crop were evaluated. In addition, leaf element concentration in leaves was also evaluated. The use of phenylalanine in ST promoted the best results on stem mass, leaves, pods and total dry mass, with an increase of up to 152%, as compared to control. This same treatment led to higher productivity, with a 46% increase in relation to the control. In relation to foliar concentration of elements, the most effective application is the one that is carried out in both modes of application (ST and FA), mainly with glutamate and glycine. Therefore, the application of amino acids, especially in seed treatment promotes the greater accumulation of dry mass and productivity in soybean plants.
Long-Term Monitoring of Slope Movements with Time-Domain Reflectometry Technology in Landslide Areas, Taiwan
Authors: Su Miau-Bin , Chen I-Hui , Ho Shei-Chen , Lin Yu-Shu , Chen Jun-Yang
Published: November 2019

The study employs time-domain reflectometry (TDR) technology for landslide monitoring to explore rock deformation mechanism and to estimate locations of potential sliding surfaces in several landslide areas, Taiwan, over ten years. Comparing to laboratory and field testing, sliding surfaces in landslide areas occurred mainly at two types, namely shear and extension failure. The TDR technology is used for field monitoring to analyze locations of sliding surfaces and to quantify the magnitude of the sliding through laboratory shear and extension tests. There are several TDR-monitoring stations in six alpine landslide areas in the middle of Taiwan for long-term monitoring. A relation between TDR reflection coefficients and shear displacements was employed for a localized shear deformation in the field. Furthermore, the type of a cable rupture for the TDR monitoring in landslides can be determined as shear, extension, or compound failure through the field TDR waveforms. Overall, the TDR technology is practically used for a long-term monitoring system to detect the location and magnitude of slope movement in landslide areas.
Characterization of Susceptible Landslide Zones by an Accumulated Index
Authors: N. Ramos-Bernal Rocío , Vázquez-Jiménez René , Sánchez Tizapa Sulpicio , Arroyo Matus Roberto
Published: November 2019

In order to characterize the landslide susceptibility in the central zone of Guerrero State in Mexico, a spatial model has been designed and implemented, which automatically generates cartography. Conditioning factors as geomorphological, geological, and anthropic variables were considered, and as a detonating factor, the effect of the accumulated rain. The use of an inventory map of landslides that occurred in the past (IL) was also necessary, which was produced by an unsupervised detection method. Before the design of the model, an analysis of the contribution of each factor, related to the landslide inventory map, was performed by the Jackknife test. The designed model consists of a susceptibility index (SI) calculated pixel by pixel by the accumulation of the individual contribution of each factor, and the final index allows the susceptibility cartography to slide in the study area. The evaluation of the obtained map was performed by applying an analysis of the frequency ratio (FR) graphic, and an analysis of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was developed. Studies like this can help different safeguarding institutions, locating the areas where there is a greater vulnerability according to the considered factors, and integrating disaster attention management or prevention plans.
An Elderly Woman With Gibbus Deformity and Physiologic Shock
Authors: Sakai Shuntaro , Hirayama Yoji , Oki Motoji
Published: November 2019

Physiological shock requires prompt diagnosis and treatment in the emergency department. We present a case of physiological shock in a 91-year-old woman resulting from obstruction of the left atrium and inferior vena cava by a giant esophageal hiatal hernia, identified using computed tomography imaging. The patient’s age and history, including diet and eating behavior (namely needing to lie down immediately after a meal), and kyphotic posture were important factors to consider in establishing the differential diagnosis. While rare, a giant esophageal hiatal hernia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of obstructive shock.
Cardiac Arrhythmia Following an Epileptic Seizure
Authors: Kuttab Hani , Harris Elizabeth , Tataris Katie , Tao James , Beiser David
Published: November 2019

Sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUDEP) refers to a death in a patient with epilepsy that is not due to trauma, drowning, status epilepticus, or another apparent cause. Although the pathophysiology of SUDEP is incompletely understood, growing evidence supports the role of seizure-associated arrhythmias as a potential etiology. We present a unique case of a patient presenting with ventricular tachycardia shortly following a seizure, along with corresponding laboratory data. Awareness of high risk arrhythmias in seizure patients could lead to advances in understanding pathophysiology and treatment of this complication of seizure disorder and ultimately prevention of SUDEP.
Mango Dermatitis After Urushiol Sensitization
Authors: Yoo Michael , Carius Brandon
Published: November 2019

Prior exposure to poison ivy and poison oak, which are plants in the Anacardiacea family and contain high levels of urushiol, appear to be a risk factor for delayed hypersensitivity reactions to mango fruits. Cross-sensitization between these plants and mangos is believed to be secondary to an overlap in the urushiol antigen and 5-resorcinol, found predominately in mango peels. This unique combination of sensitization and reaction constitutes a type IV hypersensitivity response, mediated and driven by T cells reacting to similar antigens. We present a case of an otherwise healthy man, with a remote history of poison ivy exposure, who presented with a delayed but significant reaction to mango fruit. Obtaining the patient’s history of prior plant exposures and reactions was key to isolating the likely underlying causation of his presentation.
Importance of Multiple-window Assessment for the Diagnosis of Ascending Aortic Dissection Using Point-of-care Ultrasound: Report of Three Cases
Authors: Zarama Virginia , Arango-Granados María , Bustamante Cristancho Luis
Published: November 2019

Acute ascending aortic dissection has a high mortality rate and requires rapid diagnosis and treatment. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) can aid in the diagnosis. The aortic root is usually evaluated in the parasternal long-axis view; however, a dissection flap is not always visible in this projection. We present three cases of acute, type A aortic dissection in which the dissection flap was only evident in the apical five-chamber and subxyphoid views. These cases suggest that POCUS may play a pivotal role in the initial diagnosis of acute ascending aortic dissection and highlight the importance of viewing multiple windows to fully evaluate this possibility.
Point-of-care Transperineal Ultrasound to Diagnose Abscess in the Emergency Department
Authors: Shokoohi Hamid , Pyle Matthew , Frasure Sarah , Dimbil Ubah , Pourmand Ali
Published: November 2019

Perineal and rectal pain are common presentations in the emergency department (ED). In the majority of cases, clinical examination is sufficient to detect local anorectal pathologies. However, perianal and rectal abscesses and fistulas are often the primary concerns prompting diagnostic imaging in the ED. Currently, computed tomography is the preferred imaging modality. Recently, transperineal ultrasound has emerged as an optimal imaging modality for the diagnosis of perineal and perianal abscesses. We present a case in which point-of-care ultrasound accurately detected an intersphincteric abscess, and review the appropriate ultrasound technique to evaluate patients with suspected perianal and rectal abscesses.
An Unusual Case of Unilateral Papilledema
Authors: Quesada Daniel , Stapleton Matthew , Heer Jadipak , Aguìñiga-Navarrete Phillip , Kim Luke
Published: November 2019

Neuroretinitis from neurosyphilis is an uncommon finding in previously healthy young individuals. A 37-year-old presented with three days of painless, unilateral vision loss with an associated diffuse erythematous non-pruritic truncal rash. Physical exam demonstrated vision loss in the left eye. Fundoscopic exam showed unilateral peripapillary hemorrhage, papilledema and venous engorgement. Labs showed positive syphilis antibody qualitative. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated 12 millimeters of high right frontal lobe cerebrospinal fluid density. The patient was treated with benzylpenicillin and within 18 hours had improvement of his vision.
Kawasaki Disease Presenting as Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis
Authors: Lipe Demis , Bridges Lindsey
Published: November 2019

Acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) is a rare, potentially serious disease that has been associated with Kawasaki disease (KD) in children. Studies suggest that patients presenting with severe abdominal symptoms secondary to KD have increased resistance to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and a higher rate of coronary artery aneurysms. We describe an eight-year-old boy who presented to the emergency department with severe abdominal pain and was diagnosed with AAC and KD. He was treated with IVIG and high-dose aspirin, achieving good response with complete symptom resolution. He had no coronary artery aneurysms or further complications and was discharged after three days.
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease-induced Thyroid Storm
Authors: Blick Carly , Schreyer Kraftin
Published: November 2019

In the United States, gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTD), including molar pregnancies, occur in 121 out of 100,000 pregnancies.1 Many patients with GTD may develop hyperthyroidism. GTD-induced thyroid storm is a rare but life-threatening complication of GTD.2 Once patients are hemodynamically stable, the mainstay of definitive treatment is evacuation of the mole.3 We present a case of molar pregnancy-induced thyroid storm presenting as vaginal bleeding, fever, and tachycardia.
Postmortem Sperm Retrieval in the Emergency Department: A Case Report and Review of Available Guidelines
Authors: Zinkel Andrew , Ankel Felix , Milbank Aaron , Casey Colleen , Sundheim Jeremy
Published: November 2019

Postmortem sperm retrieval (PMSR) requests and retrievals are increasing in the emergency department (ED) setting. Few EDs have protocols in place, and many emergency physicians (EP) lack the knowledge of how to proceed when such situations arise. We report the case of a 31-year-old male cardiac-arrest victim who expired in the ED, after which his wife requested PMSR. We review the guidelines, procedures, and issues of consent that arise with PMSR. EPs must be aware of their institution’s policies and consultant availability should a request for PMSR arise.
Mai 68: l'architecture aussi!: Exposición en la Cité de l'Architecture et du Patrimoine
Authors: Rambert Francis , Peñín Llobell Alberto
Published: November 2019

La exposición ilustra la génesis y las fórmulas de renovación de la enseñanza de la arquitectura en Francia, a lo largo de los años 60 y 70. En un momento particularmente oportuno, por los debates que suscita y los esfuerzos teóricos que convoca, permite ver (y entender) la evolución de la enseñanza, la de la profesión y más ampliamente la de la arquitectura.

The exhibition illustrates the genesis and formulas for the renewal of the teaching of architecture in France, throughout the 60s and 70s.
Información y forma en la ciudad contemporánea
Authors: Alonso Rohner Evelyn , Sosa Díaz-Saavedra José Antonio
Published: November 2019

La estructura de la ciudad debe mucho al modo en que se produce la información sobre la misma. La más elemental - que es entender sus jerarquías, recorridos, funcionamiento, así como nuestra posición en suinterior - ha requerido históricamente de un soporte físico urbano capaz de transmitir esa información (trazas, geometrías, ejes). Pero, si la necesidad de información determinó históricamente la forma urbana y su entendimiento, ¿qué ocurre cuando ambos factores se desvinculan, como sucede hoy en día? ¿Qué ocurre cuando la información no precisa del soporte físico urbano? Se trata de entender la nueva lógica difusa de la ciudad contemporánea. Se realiza para ello un análisis de la relación entre forma y sistema de información, abierto y de manera inter-disciplinar. Investigando para ello tres sectores en los que la forma física reacciona e interactúa frente al sistema imperante de información de cada momento de manera semejante: la táctica bélica, la logística (y el almacenaje “caótico” del presente), y por supuesto, la propia evolución de la forma urbana. La realidad que empieza a ser constatable es que la ciudad (y sus usos y recorridos) se reorganiza bajonuevos parámetros que no dependen directamente de la forma urbana. La toma de decisiones individual,multiplicada y agregada por los nuevos sistemas de información, facilita que se produzcan cambios de localizaciones de los usos más diversos. Estos cambios avanzan una ciudad de orden aun más disperso y multicapa.

The structure of the city owes much to the way in which its information is produced. The most basic one - which is to understand the cities hierarchies, flows, way of functioning, as well as our location within it - has historically required a physical support capable of conveying this information (e.g. its traces, geometries, axes). Moreover, if the need for information historically determined the urban shape and thus its understanding, what happens when both factors become disconnected, as it is occurs nowadays? What happens when information about the city does not require a physical support any longer?The reality that is starting to become noticeable, is that the city (and its uses and flows) is starting to be reorganised under new paradigms that do not depend directly on the urban shape. Individual decision-making, multiplied and aggregated by new information systems, allow for diversity in the positioning and location of uses. These changes are predicting and advancing a city that is even more dispersed and multi-layered in its order
Dobles espacios superpuestos
Authors: Centellas Miguel , Ravetllat Mira Pere Joan
Published: November 2019

El artículo describe la publicación Dobles espacios

superpuestos, el número 04 de la colección “Temas

de Vivienda” impulsada por el grupo de investigación

“Habitar Colectivo” de la Universidad Politécnica de

Cartagena y dedicada a glosar los diferentes parámetros

que definen la configuración de la vivienda. La monografía

propone revisitar un conjunto de edificios residenciales

que comparten la condición especial de albergar un

espacio que supera en altura las habituales dimensiones

domésticas. Edificios no convencionales que han buscado

transformar la vivienda y su relación con la ciudad a través

de un doble espacio superpuesto.

The article describes the publication Overlapping double spaces, 4th issue of the collection “On housing” promoted by the research group “Collective Inhabiting” of the Polytechnic University of Cartagena, aimed to study the different parameters that define housing. The monograph reviews a set of buildings that share the special condition of including a space higher than what is common in domestic dimensions; unusual buildings looking for the transformation of the house through its relationship with the city by means of an overlapping double space.
Estudio de la frecuencia de ocurrencia de accidentes de tráfico mediante procesos estocásticos de Pascal-Pólya
Authors: Sánchez Molina David , García Vilana Silvia , Velázquez Ameijide Juan , Arregui Dalmases Carlos
Published: November 2019

Objetivo: (1) Plantear un modelo estocástico adecuado para la frecuencia de accidentes, que permita analizar tanto la peligrosidad, como la exposición al riesgo. (2) Introducir los conceptos de macroaccidentalidad y microaccidentalidad.Métodos: En este artículo se han usado la teoría de procesos estocásticos para estimar el número de accidentes y así como la frecuencia con la que se producen accidentes de tráfico de una red viaria amplia (macroaccidentalidad). Para ello, se han analizado diversas bases de datos oficiales de una región durante un período prolongado de casi una década.Resultados: El principal hallazgo es que un proceso estocástico de Poisson mixto (mezcla probabilista de varios procesos de Poisson) ajusta adecuadamente el número de accidentes, dando lugar a una distribución binomial negativa para el número de accidentes en un período específico. Se propone una interpretación estocástica explicativa de las razones por las cuales la distribución del número de accidentes es de ese tipo.
Mental health awareness: Resources for everyone
Authors: Underwood Emily
Published: November 2019

Approximately one in five adults (19.1%) experienced mental illness in 2018. In my opinion, one of the reasons that only 43.3% of those individuals received any kind of treatment or services is the stigma surrounding mental illness. As information professionals, we are uniquely positioned to assist patrons with finding the information and resources they need in order to learn what mental illness is, what it is not, discover that they are not alone, and find the best treatment for their situation. Everyone suffering from mental illness needs to know that there is hope for them and that they don’t need to suffer alone. When people feel that there is no hope of relief, their mental illness can become fatal through suicide.
Partners in financial literacy: Outreach to student entrepreneurs
Authors: Mross Emily , Reiter Lauren
Published: November 2019

In 2018, small businesses employed 58.9 million Americans, totaling 47.5% of the U.S. private workforce. Libraries often play a central role in helping people make their entrepreneurial dreams a reality by providing resources to support the research that goes into developing, running, and expanding small businesses. Public libraries are traditional resource centers for small business, but universities and academic libraries are increasingly supporting student entrepreneurs through both curricular and extracurricular programming to help them develop new startups and small businesses. Though libraries are instrumental in providing access to business development information, they may miss a key service area for successful entrepreneurship—financial literacy programming.
Parenòs-tic. Aplicación móvil de un almanaque
Authors: Lorente Bibiloni Antònia
Published: November 2019

Parenòs-tic es una aplicación móvil de consulta del ancestral almanaque mallorquín, lectura indispensable de la payesía mallorquina donde encontrar información sobre trabajos del campo, fases de la luna y su influencia, tiempo, etc. Con esta aplicación ha querido promover la tradición, la agricultura ecológica y el "hazlo tu mismo", siendo esta App una guía para las personas que deciden cultivar sus propios cultivos.
Dichotomous organization of amygdala/temporal-prefrontal bundles in both humans and monkeys
Authors: Folloni Davide , Sallet Jerome , Khrapitchev Alexandre A , Sibson Nicola , Verhagen Lennart , Mars Rogier B
Published: November 2019

The interactions of anterior temporal structures, and especially the amygdala, with the prefrontal cortex are pivotal to learning, decision-making, and socio-emotional regulation. A clear anatomical description of the organization and dissociation of fiber bundles linking anterior temporal cortex/amygdala and prefrontal cortex in humans is still lacking. Using diffusion imaging techniques, we reconstructed fiber bundles between these anatomical regions in human and macaque brains. First, by studying macaques, we assessed which aspects of connectivity known from tracer studies could be identified with diffusion imaging. Second, by comparing diffusion imaging results in humans and macaques, we estimated the patterns of fibers coursing between human amygdala and prefrontal cortex and compared them with those in the monkey. In posterior prefrontal cortex, we observed a prominent and well-preserved bifurcation of bundles into primarily two fiber systems—an amygdalofugal path and an uncinate path—in both species. This dissociation fades away in more rostral prefrontal regions.
Modular transcriptional programs separately define axon and dendrite connectivity
Authors: Kurmangaliyev Yerbol Z , Yoo Juyoun , LoCascio Samuel A , Zipursky S Lawrence
Published: November 2019

Patterns of synaptic connectivity are remarkably precise and complex. Single-cell RNA sequencing has revealed a vast transcriptional diversity of neurons. Nevertheless, a clear logic underlying the transcriptional control of neuronal connectivity has yet to emerge. Here, we focused on Drosophila T4/T5 neurons, a class of closely related neuronal subtypes with different wiring patterns. Eight subtypes of T4/T5 neurons are defined by combinations of two patterns of dendritic inputs and four patterns of axonal outputs. Single-cell profiling during development revealed distinct transcriptional programs defining each dendrite and axon wiring pattern. These programs were defined by the expression of a few transcription factors and different combinations of cell surface proteins. Gain and loss of function studies provide evidence for independent control of different wiring features. We propose that modular transcriptional programs for distinct wiring features are assembled in different combinations to generate diverse patterns of neuronal connectivity.
High Tech and High Touch
Authors: Coverdill James E. , Finlay William
Published: November 2019

This book examines headhunting—contingency recruiting—in the wake of two profound changes in the labor market. The first is the emergence and explosive rise of various forms of social media, most prominently LinkedIn, which have made information about employers, jobs, and job-seekers much more widely available. The second is the unraveling of internal labor markets and the fraying of the ties between employers and employees, which started in the 1980s and 1990s, and accelerated in the wake of the bursting of the dotcom bubble and the Great Recession. Both changes created the possibility that employers and candidates would be able to find each other without the benefit of labor-market intermediaries like headhunters. The book explains why headhunting survived these changes: employers still need headhunters to find good candidates quickly. In a high-tech world, it is relatively easy to find large numbers of apparently qualified prospective candidates. Headhunters, however, determine which of these prospects are truly viable candidates and they invest time and effort in converting prospects into candidates. They bring high-touch search to a high-tech labor market.
A new alligatoroid from the Eocene of Vietnam highlights an extinct Asian clade independent from extantAlligator sinensis
Authors: Massonne Tobias , Vasilyan Davit , Rabi Márton , Böhme Madelaine
Published: November 2019

During systematic paleontological surveys in the Na Duong Basin in North Vietnam between 2009 and 2012, well-preserved fossilized cranial and postcranial remains belonging to at least 29 individuals of a middle to late Eocene (late Bartonian to Priabonian age (39–35 Ma)) alligatoroid were collected. Comparative anatomical study of the material warrants the diagnosis of a new taxon,Orientalosuchus naduongensisgen. et sp. nov. The combined presence of an enlarged fifth maxillary tooth, prominent preorbital ridges, a large supraoccipital exposure on the skull table, a palatine-pterygoid suture anterior to the posterior end of the suborbital fenestra, and a pterygoid forming a neck surrounding the choana is unique to this species. Unlike previous phylogenies, our parsimony analysis recovers a monophyletic Late Cretaceous to Paleogene East to Southeastern Asian alligatoroid group, here named Orientalosuchina. The group includesOrientalosuchus naduongensis,Krabisuchus siamogallicus,Eoalligator chunyii,Jiangxisuchus nankangensisandProtoalligator huiningensis, all of them sharing a medial shifted quadrate foramen aerum. The recognition of this clade indicates at least two separate dispersal events from North America to Asia: one during the Late Cretaceous by Orientalosuchina and one by the ancestor ofAlligator sinensisduring the Paleogene or Neogene, the timing of which is poorly constrained.
Prey selectivity and the effect of diet on growth and development of a dragonfly, Sympetrum sanguineum
Authors: Dudová Pavla , Boukal David S. , Klecka Jan
Published: November 2019

Despite a long tradition of research, our understanding of mechanisms driving prey selectivity in predatory insects is limited. According to optimal foraging theory, predators should prefer prey which provides the highest amount of energy per unit time. However, prey selectivity may also depend on previous diet and specific nutritional demands of the predator. From the long-term perspective, diet composition affects predator fitness. An open question is whether short-term selectivity of predators provides a diet which is optimal in the long-term. To shed more light on these issues, we conducted laboratory experiments on prey selectivity and its long-term consequences in larvae of the dragonfly Sympetrum sanguineum. We conditioned the larvae to one of two prey types, the cladoceran Daphnia magna and larvae of a non-biting midge Chironomus sp., and then exposed them to various combinations of the two prey types. We found that dragonfly larvae conditioned to Chironomus larvae consumed the same amount of D. magna, but significantly less Chironomus larvae compared to dragonfly larvae conditioned to D. magna. However, there was no effect of previous diet on their success of capture and handling time, suggesting a limited role of learning in their ability to process prey. We then tested the long-term effects of diets with different proportions of both prey for survival and growth of the dragonfly larvae. Individuals fed Chironomus-only diet had higher mortality and slower growth than dragonflies fed D. magna, while larvae fed a mixed diet had the highest survival and growth rate. In conclusion, we show that dragonfly larvae fed by Chironomus larvae performed poorly and compensated by preferring D. magna when both prey types were available. The superiority of the mixed diet suggests that a diverse diet may be needed to satisfy nutritional demands in S. sanguineum larvae. We demonstrate that merging short-term predation experiments with relevant data on predator fitness may provide better understanding of predator-prey interactions and conclude that detailed information on the (mis)matches between prey composition and predator nutritional demands is needed for further progress.
Endless forms of sexual selection
Authors: Lindsay Willow R. , Andersson Staffan , Bererhi Badreddine , Höglund Jacob , Johnsen Arild , Kvarnemo Charlotta , Leder Erica H. , Lifjeld Jan T. , Ninnes Calum E. , Olsson Mats , Parker Geoff A. , Pizzari Tommaso , Qvarnström Anna , Safran Rebecca J. , Svensson Ola , Edwards Scott V.
Published: November 2019

In recent years, the field of sexual selection has exploded, with advances in theoretical and empirical research complementing each other in exciting ways. This perspective piece is the product of a “stock-taking” workshop on sexual selection and sexual conflict. Our aim is to identify and deliberate on outstanding questions and to stimulate discussion rather than provide a comprehensive overview of the entire field. These questions are organized into four thematic sections we deem essential to the field. First we focus on the evolution of mate choice and mating systems. Variation in mate quality can generate both competition and choice in the opposite sex, with implications for the evolution of mating systems. Limitations on mate choice may dictate the importance of direct vs. indirect benefits in mating decisions and consequently, mating systems, especially with regard to polyandry. Second, we focus on how sender and receiver mechanisms shape signal design. Mediation of honest signal content likely depends on integration of temporally variable social and physiological costs that are challenging to measure. We view the neuroethology of sensory and cognitive receiver biases as the main key to signal form and the ‘aesthetic sense’ proposed by Darwin. Since a receiver bias is sufficient to both initiate and drive ornament or armament exaggeration, without a genetically correlated or even coevolving receiver, this may be the appropriate ‘null model’ of sexual selection. Thirdly, we focus on the genetic architecture of sexually selected traits. Despite advances in modern molecular techniques, the number and identity of genes underlying performance, display and secondary sexual traits remains largely unknown. In-depth investigations into the genetic basis of sexual dimorphism in the context of long-term field studies will reveal constraints and trajectories of sexually selected trait evolution. Finally, we focus on sexual selection and conflict as drivers of speciation. Population divergence and speciation are often influenced by an interplay between sexual and natural selection. The extent to which sexual selection promotes or counteracts population divergence may vary depending on the genetic architecture of traits as well as the covariance between mating competition and local adaptation. Additionally, post-copulatory processes, such as selection against heterospecific sperm, may influence the importance of sexual selection in speciation. We propose that efforts to resolve these four themes can catalyze conceptual progress in the field of sexual selection, and we offer potential avenues of research to advance this progress.
Systematic analysis of NAC transcription factors in Gossypium barbadense uncovers their roles in response to Verticillium wilt
Authors: Liu Zhanji , Fu Mingchuan , Li Hao , Chen Yizhen , Wang Liguo , Liu Renzhong
Published: November 2019

As one of the largest plant-specific gene families, the NAC transcription factor gene family plays important roles in various plant physiological processes that are related to plant development, hormone signaling, and biotic and abiotic stresses. However, systematic investigation of the NAC gene family in sea-island cotton (Gossypium babardense L.) has not been reported, to date. The recent release of the complete genome sequence of sea-island cotton allowed us to perform systematic analyses of G. babardense NAC GbNAC) genes. In this study, we performed a genome-wide survey and identified 270 GbNAC genes in the sea-island cotton genome. Genome mapping analysis showed that GbNAC genes were unevenly distributed on 26 chromosomes. Through phylogenetic analyses of GbNACs along with their Arabidopsis counterparts, these proteins were divided into 10 groups (I–X), and each contained a different number of GbNACs with a similar gene structure and conserved motifs. One hundred and fifty-four duplicated gene pairs were identified, and almost all of them exhibited strong purifying selection during evolution. In addition, various cis-acting regulatory elements in GbNAC genes were found to be related to major hormones, defense and stress responses. Notably, transcriptome data analyses unveiled the expression profiles of 62 GbNAC genes under Verticillium wilt (VW) stress. Furthermore, the expression profiles of 15 GbNAC genes tested by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) demonstrated that they were sensitive to methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA) treatments and that they could be involved in pathogen-related hormone regulation. Taken together, the genome-wide identification and expression profiling pave new avenues for systematic functional analysis of GbNAC candidates, which may be useful for improving cotton defense against VW.
AVALIAÇÃO DA APRENDIZAGEM DOS CONCEITOS DE EQUILÍBRIO QUÍMICO EM UMA UEPS UTILIZANDO MULTIMETODOLOGIAS / ASSESSMENT OF THE LEARNING OF CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM CONCEPTS IN A PMTUS USING MULTIMETHODOLOGIES
Authors: Costa Beber Silvia Zamberlan , Kunzler Kathia Regina , Lazarino Simone
Published: November 2019

Uma Unidade de Ensino Potencialmente Significativa (UEPS) abordando os conceitos de Equilíbrio Químico, foi desenvolvida com estudantes do ensino médio de uma instituição pública do Paraná/Brasil, com o objetivo de evidenciar a progressividade na compreensão dos conceitos estudados e identificar indícios de aprendizagem significativa. Os dados coletados referente à aprendizagem foram analisados utilizando a Análise Textual Discursiva, pelas categorias: 1) Reação Química; 2) Equilíbrio Químico; 3) Características do Equilíbrio Químico; 4) Constante do Equilíbrio Químico; 5) Deslocamento do Equilíbrio Químico. Os critérios para indicar os níveis de compreensão dos conceitos são: Compreende Totalmente (CT); Compreende Parcialmente (CP); Compreende (C); Não Compreende (NC); Não respondeu/Branco (B). Os resultados indicam que a UEPS desenvolvida empregando multimetodologias influenciou consideravelmente na predisposição em aprender dos estudantes, condição para a ocorrência de aprendizagem significativa. A ampliação conceitual verificada na progressividade da compreensão dos conceitos e a exemplificação nas respostas indicam indícios de aprendizagem significativa.
Illness Perception and Adherence to Medication in Cardiovascular Patients at a Tertiary Hospital in Northern Cyprus
Authors: Abdi Abdikarim Mohamed , Agha Begard , Birand Nevzat , Berhanu Billoro Bruke
Published: November 2019

Background and Aims: The Patients diagnosed with cardiovascular disease are strongly recommended to adopt healthier behaviors and adhere to prescribed medication. The role of patients' illness perceptions in patient care and impact on health outcomes was studied previously in a wide range of health conditions. However, among patients with cardiovascular diseases, this has not been well examined. Purpose of this study was to assess treatment adherence, illness perception, and relationship between illness perception and treatment adherence in patients with cardiovascular disease.

Study Design:  A cross-sectional descriptive study.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted from November 2018 to January 2019 to all patients who admitted to the cardiology department of Near East University Hospital in North Cyprus.

Methodology: A survey form of three sections were used to gathered data; a socio-demographic section, Brief Illness Perception Scale, and Brief Morisky Adherence Scale. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) for window version 20.0 software. P-value less than 0.05 were statistically significant.

Results: The patients who participated in the study involved 49 (61.2%) male and 31 (38.8%) female. The mean ± SD age of the sampled group was 61.16 ± 12.60, with 15 (47.5%) being older than 65 years old. The Median (Max-Min) of the total Illness Perception Questionnaire positive perceptions shows significantly higher scores in males compared to female’s illness perception 52.0 (73.0 – 20.0) Vs. 41.0 (74.0 – 18.0), z=-2.297; p < 0.05, respectively. Also, university graduate patients had significantly higher positive perception scores compared to patients who graduated from only high schools or less 57.0 (71.0-40.0) Vs. 45.0 (74.0-20.0) and 43.0(68.0-18.0) df=2; p=0.013, respectively.

Conclusion: There is a significant positive correlation between different subscales of perception scale, while higher positive perception scores were identified in adherent patients and males.  It is crucial to strengthen patients' illness perceptions, with especial consideration to emotional responses besides personal, treatment control, and disease understanding. We recommend an educational intervention in order to improve adherence.
The change of pain classes over time: a latent transition analysis
Authors: O’Neill Aoife , O’Sullivan Kieran , O’Keeffe Mary , Walsh Cathal , Purtill Helen
Published: November 2019

Background

Pain is common in older adults, and associated with increased morbidity and reduced quality of life. Recent research has highlighted different classes of older adults with pain, each with differing impacts on their life. It has not yet been investigated if, and how, such classes change over time and what influences individuals to prospectively transition to a profile of either improved or worsened pain impact.

Methods

Latent transition analysis (LTA) is a longitudinal model‐based approach to identifying underlying subgroups in a population. LTA was used to model the change in pain of people aged 50 and above, from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, across three waves (n = 5,925). The LTA model was extended to include biopsychosocial covariates to predict transition probabilities between classes over time.

Results

Three latent classes were identified based on three pain indicators (pain presence; pain affects daily life; pain requires medication) and were characterized as “No Pain”, “Low‐Moderate Impact Pain” and “High Impact Pain”. Results indicate that the pain class of many changes over time. However, poor physical or mental health increased the risk of transitioning to a more severe pain class, from Wave 1 to Wave 2 and Wave 2 to Wave 3.

Conclusions

These findings show the change in pain of older adults over time, with both marked improvement and deterioration being observed. Critically, the predictors of individuals transitioning between classes reflect the breadth of biopsychosocial factors involved in pain.

Significant Statement

This article identified differing classes of pain in older adults, using latent transition analysis. The analysis demonstrated how the pain classes of older adults are broadly consistent over time, however both improvement and deterioration in pain impact were observed. Transitions between classes were associated with several biopsychosocial factors. These results have important implications for the health and quality of life of older adults. Consideration of health, lifestyle and socio‐demographic factors may enhance assessment and management of pain in older adults.
Gray matter integrity predicts white matter network reorganization in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Radetz Angela , Koirala Nabin , Krämer Julia , Johnen Andreas , Fleischer Vinzenz , Gonzalez‐Escamilla Gabriel , Cerina Manuela , Muthuraman Muthuraman , Meuth Sven G. , Groppa Sergiu
Published: November 2019

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease leading to gray matter atrophy and brain network reconfiguration as a response to increasing tissue damage. We evaluated whether white matter network reconfiguration appears subsequently to gray matter damage, or whether the gray matter degenerates following alterations in white matter networks. MRI data from 83 patients with clinically isolated syndrome and early relapsing–remitting MS were acquired at two time points with a follow‐up after 1 year. White matter network integrity was assessed based on probabilistic tractography performed on diffusion‐weighted data using graph theoretical analyses. We evaluated gray matter integrity by computing cortical thickness and deep gray matter volume in 94 regions at both time points. The thickness of middle temporal cortex and the volume of deep gray matter regions including thalamus, caudate, putamen, and brain stem showed significant atrophy between baseline and follow‐up. White matter network dynamics, as defined by modularity and distance measure changes over time, were predicted by deep gray matter volume of the atrophying anatomical structures. Initial white matter network properties, on the other hand, did not predict atrophy. Furthermore, gray matter integrity at baseline significantly predicted physical disability at 1‐year follow‐up. In a sub‐analysis, deep gray matter volume was significantly related to cognitive performance at baseline. Hence, we postulate that atrophy of deep gray matter structures drives the adaptation of white matter networks. Moreover, deep gray matter volumes are highly predictive for disability progression and cognitive performance.
Effects of Aluminum and Temperature on the Tensile Mechanical Properties of Lithium‐Perchlorate/Polyvinyl Alcohol‐Based Electrically Controlled Solid Propellants
Authors: He Zhicheng , Xia Zhixun , Hu Jianxin , Ma Likun , Li Yang
Published: November 2019

To study the mechanical properties of lithium‐perchlorate/polyvinyl alcohol‐based aluminized electrically controlled solid propellant (LP/PVA‐Al‐ECSP), the effects of Al particle size, grading, and content on the mechanical properties of the propellant at various temperatures were investigated. The uniaxial tensile experiments were conducted over the temperature range from −40 °C to +50 °C using universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 100 mm min−1. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was employed to observe the fracture surface morphologies of the specimens. The results indicate that Al powder and temperature greatly affects the mechanical properties of the composite propellant. From experiments in which the size and the fine‐to‐coarse ratio of Al were changed at constant solid loading, the tensile strength and initial modulus of the propellant are improved with the increase of Al particle size and coarse‐to‐fine ratio at 25 °C. The increase in Al content improves the tensile strength and initial modulus of the propellant, whereas reduces the elongation. The results of experiments in which the temperature changed indicate that the tensile strength and initial modulus of the propellant are improved at low temperatures, whereas the mechanical properties of the propellants deteriorate at high temperatures. The elongation of the propellants is greatly reduced at low temperatures. The stress−strain curve of ECSP shows three regions at low temperatures and five regions at room temperature and high temperatures. The LP/PVA‐Al‐ECSP has poor tensile strength and initial modulus, whereas its elongation is extremely high at room temperature. The propellant with 5 μm Al to 65 μm Al ratio of 3/7 exhibits the best comprehensive mechanical properties.
EPSPS gene amplification confers resistance to glyphosate resistant populations of Hordeum glaucum Stued (northern barley grass) in South Australia
Authors: Adu‐Yeboah Patricia , Malone Jenna M , Fleet Benjamin , Gill Gurjeet , Preston Christopher
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND

Glyphosate failed to control two populations of Hordeum glaucum (northern barley grass) along a fence line and around stockyards near Arthurton on the Yorke Peninsula, South Australia after more than a decade of regular use of glyphosate. These were investigated to confirm resistance and to determine resistance mechanisms.

RESULTS

Dose–response experiments confirmed resistance of these populations to glyphosate with resistance levels of 2.8–6.6‐fold compared with two susceptible populations. Shikimate assays confirmed resistance to glyphosate with less shikimate accumulation in the resistant populations compared with the susceptible populations. Quantitative PCR of genomic DNA showed increased gene copy number in the resistant populations with 9–11‐fold more copies of EPSPS compared with the susceptible populations, suggesting resistance is likely conferred by gene amplification.

CONCLUSION

This study identified the first examples of glyphosate resistance in the grass species H. glaucum with resistance associated with EPSPS gene amplification. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Highly Efficient Polarized GeS/MoSe2 van der Waals Heterostructure for Water Splitting from Ultraviolet to Near‐Infrared Light
Authors: Gu Di , Tao Xiaoma , Chen Hongmei , Zhu Weiling , Ouyang Yifang , Du Yong , Peng Qing
Published: November 2019

A high‐efficiency photocatalyst is critical for water splitting by solar light. Herein, via first principles calculations, the 2D polarized GeS/MoSe2 van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure is proposed as an efficient water redox photocatalyst. The performance of GeS/MoSe2 heterostructure is better than isolated materials, as the properties of GeS monolayer and MoSe2 monolayer are complementary by forming vdW heterostructure. GeS/MoSe2 heterostructure possesses suitable bandgap, dipole‐induced internal electric field, and excellent solar absorption performance. The band alignments of GeS/MoSe2 heterostructure are suitable compared with the redox potential of water. It is feasible to tune the optoelectronic properties and enhance photocatalytic activity of GeS/MoSe2 heterostructure via strain engineering. Biaxial compressive strain range from −2% to −3% induces the direct bandgap characteristic in GeS/MoSe2 heterostructure. The results suggest that 2D polarized GeS/MoSe2 vdW heterostructure is a potential novel high‐efficiency photocatalyst for water splitting under a wide range of spectra from ultraviolet to near infrared.
A novel hybrid coordinates multiple decoupled phase‐locked loop under nonideal grid conditions
Authors: Liu Yunlong , Wang Cong , Li Junjie , Guo Lifeng
Published: November 2019

A novel hybrid coordinates multiple decoupled phase‐locked loop (HCMD‐PLL) is presented to improve the performance of the PLL under nonideal grid conditions. Based on the Clark transform and the first‐order low‐pass filter, the complex coefficient filter is derived to analyze phase‐locked loop. It is different from the phase‐locked loop with a complex coefficient filter. On this basis, the multiple‐complex‐coefficient band‐pass filter of HCMD‐PLL is derived, and the equivalent transfer function of the decoupling of the fundamental positive sequence, negative sequence and harmonic components is obtained, and the magnitude and phase frequency responses are analyzed. The fundamental positive sequence component is extracted without phase shift and amplitude attenuation under the nonideal grid conditions, eliminating the effect of specific‐order harmonics components because the amplitude is attenuated to zero. And the specific‐order harmonic component can also be extracted precisely. The interaction from the various specific components is eliminated. The stability of the system is analyzed by the pole distribution of the closed‐loop system. The stationary αβ coordinate system for PLL is adopted to suppress the change of the grid voltage. Simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the HCMD‐PLL. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.