bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dispatching
Authors: Wu Q. H. , Tang W. J. , He S. , Cao Y. J.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Classic Economic Dispatch

Reactive Power Dispatch

Optimal Power Flow

Gradient‐Based Methods

Evolutionary Computation

Simulation Studies

Conclusion
Economics of Telecommunications Systems
Authors: Drakopoulos Elias , Merges Matt
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Strategic Telecommunications Planning

Evaluation of Telecommunications Investment Decisions

Cost and Revenue Factors

Evaluation of Telecommunications Investment Decisions Under Uncertainty

Option Analysis and Simulation Techniques
Outsourcing
Authors: Jin Lei , Depledge Gordon , Tiwana Amrit , Straub Detmar
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Other Outsourcing Roles

Definition of Systems Integration

Why Organizations Outsource IT

Basic Considerations

What to Outsource

Outsource Selection

How Much IT Should Cost

How to Measure Success

Making the Decision

Managing the Outsourcing Process through RFPS

Structuring the RFP Process

Research and Planning

Management Involvement in RFPS

Creating the Project Team and Success Metrics

Developing the RFP Packet

Selection

Transition

Systems and Services Contracting

Staffing Systems Integration
Intellectual Property
Authors: Iandiorio Joseph S.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

The Protection Available

Establishing the Protection

International Protection

From Invention to Patent: The Inventor’s Role

Registering a Trademark

Registering a Copyright

Software Protection

Contractual Protection

Licensing and Technology Transfer

Infringement and Litigation of Intellectual Property
Project Management
Authors: Keil Mark , Cuellar Michael J.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Projects and Project Management: The Challenge

Alternative Means of Acquiring Software

Key Dimensions of Project Performance

Project Management: A Step‐by‐Step Approach

Project Management Resources

Models and Standards Relating to Software Project Management

Identifying and Managing Software Project Risk

Managing the Project Communication Process
Research Initiatives
Authors: Rishe Napthali , Wunnava Subbarao V.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Typical Industrial Environment

Computer‐Aided Activities

Design for Manufacture

Technology Transfer, Innovation, and Push

Funding

Acknowledgment
Risk Management
Authors: Garvey Paul R.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

A Risk Management Process

Acknowledgments
Sales and Marketing Management
Authors: Gorchels Linda
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

What it Means to be Market‐Driven

Creating Market‐Based Value

Providing Market Access

Communicating Value

Capturing the Value

Concluding Remarks
Value Engineering
Authors: Attoh‐Okine Nii O.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Areas for Future Research in Value Engineering

Belief Functions
Adjacent Channel Interference
Authors: Xia Howard H.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Adjacent Channel Interference in a Mobile Radio Environment

In‐Band Adjacent Channel Interference

Out‐of‐Band Adjacent Channel Interference

Remedy for Adjacent Channel Interference

System Design Guideline
Telephone Interference
Authors: Ishizaki Toshio , Sakakura Makoto , Yamada Toru , Ogawa Koichi
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Categories of Interference

Interference Caused by the Nonlinearity of the RF Circuit

Interference Between an Antenna and the RF Component

Interference Between Two Telephones Operating Very Close to Each Other

Antenna Interference as a Result of the Human Body Causing Degradation of Sensitivity

Interference Effects on the Human Body Owing to Absorption of Radiated Power
Possibility Theory
Authors: Dubois Didier , Prade Henri
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Fundamentals of Possibility Theory

Possibility Theory Versus other Uncertainty Frameworks

Approximate Reasoning

Concluding Remarks
Geographic Information Systems
Authors: Ramirez J. Raul
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Hardware and its Use

Software and its Use

Using GIS

Quality and its Impact in GIS

The Future of GIS
Information Processing for Remote Sensing
Authors: Tilton James C. , Landgrebe David , Schowengerdt Robert A.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Feature Extraction

Multispectral Image Data Classification

Classification Using Neural Networks

Image Segmentation

Hyperspectral Data
Meteorological Radar
Authors: Doviak Richard J. , Zrnić Dušan S.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Fundamentals of Meteorological Doppler Radar

Reflectivity and Velocity Fields of Precipitation

Rain, Wind, and Observations of Severe Weather

Wind and Temperature Profiles in Clear Air

Trends and Future Technology
Electrostatic Processes
Authors: Mazumder Malay K.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Fundamental Concepts of Electrostatic Processes

Charging of Materials and Transport of Charged Particles

Friction Charging

Electrostatic Precipitators

Ink Jet Printing

Powder Coating Process

Electrophotography: Copying Machines and Laser Printers

Electrostatic Separation

Electrostatic Hazard Control: Electrostatic Discharge by Dust Explosion
Emergency Power Systems
Authors: Lee Wei‐Jen , Hughes Charles D.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Sources of Emergency and Standby Power

System Reliability

Testing
Grounding
Authors: Zipse Donald W.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Installation Practices

Personnel Safety Protection

Equipment Grounding

Types of Low‐Voltage Power System Grounding

Electrical Properties of the Earth

Connection to Earth—Grounding Electrode Systems

Installation Recommendations and Practices

Lightning Protection Grounding

Static‐Protection Grounding

Grounding of Computer Systems

Generator Grounding

Testing the Grounding and Bonding Systems
Industrial Lighting
Authors: Verderber Rudolph R.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

History of Lighting

Incandescent Lamps

Fluorescent Lamps

High Intensity Discharge Lamps

Lighting Management/Controls

Lighting Design
Metals Industry
Authors: Samaras Nicholas S. , Simaan Marwan A.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Overview of the Steelmaking Process

Iron Ores

Furnaces

Continuous Casting Machines

Rolling Mills

Automatic Gauge Control (AGC)

Run‐Out Table Temperature Control (ROT)

AC/DC Drives

Product Quality
Electrophotography
Authors: Crowley Joseph M.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

History

Basic Steps in the Electrophotographic Process

Charging

Exposure

Development

Transfer

Fixing to Paper

Cleaning

Laser Printers

Color Electrophotography
Alarm Systems
Authors: O’Hara John M. , Brown William S.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Operator use of Alarm Information

Alarm System Design

Alarm System Evaluation
Boundary‐Scan Testing
Authors: Geuskens Bibiche , Rose Kenneth
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Problems in Board Test

Basic Principles of Boundary‐Scan

Applying Boundary‐Scan to Board Test

Issues in Applying Boundary‐Scan

Extensions to The 1149.1 Boundary‐Scan Standard
Fault Location
Authors: Kezunovic Mladen , Drazenovic‐Perunicic B.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Fault‐Location Requirements

Fault‐Location Algorithm Fundamentals

Standard Approaches: Phasor‐Based Algorithms

Advanced Approaches: Partial Differential Equation–Based Methods

Advanced Approaches: Traveling‐Wave‐Based Methods
Filament Lamps
Authors: Bergman Rolf , Bigio Laurence , Ranish Joseph
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Science of Incandescence

Practical Filament Lamps

Tungsten‐Halogen Lamps

Power Balance and Performance for Typical Lamps
Laser Desktop Machining
Authors: Roychoudhuri Chandrasekhar
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

High‐Power Diode Lasers

Examples of Direct Diode Material Processing

Solid Free Form From GAS Phase (Chemical Vapor Deposition)

Acknowledgments
X‐Ray Microscopy
Authors: Singh‐Gasson Sangeet
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Interaction of X Rays with Matter

Imaging Microscopes

Scanning Microscopes

Image Formation
Photometric Light Sources
Authors: Wolff Lawrence B.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Blackbody Radiation

Luminescence

Measurement of Light Sources

Colorimetry

Visible Light Sources

Infrared and Ultraviolet Light Sources

Sources of X Rays
Standing Wave Meters and Network Analyzers
Authors: Schiek Burkhard , Gronefeld Andreas
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Measurement of Networks at Microwave Frequencies

Reflection Measurement Techniques

Architectures of Network Analyzers

Error Models, Calibration, and Error Correction

Modern Self‐Calibration Techniques for Four‐Receiver VNAs

Outlook and Related Topics
Fiberoptic Sensors
Authors: Bock Wojtek J. , Karpierz Miroslaw A.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Basic Principles

Fiber‐OPtic Sensor Components

Fiber‐Optic Sensors: Overview

Fiber‐Optic Sensor Systems

Future of Fiber‐Optic Sensors
Displacement Measurement
Authors: Eren Halit
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Capacitive Displacement Sensors

Magnetic Displacement Sensors

Angular Displacement Sensors

Linear Sensors

Optical and Laser Displacement Sensors
Data Recording
Authors: Ahmed Farid , Alam Mohammad S. , Kaykobad M.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Data Acquisition

Data Compression

Data Storage
Flowmeters
Authors: Eren Halit
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Flow Measurements

Mass Flow Measurements

Velocity and Volumetric Flow Measurements

Optical Methods

Ultrasonic Flowmeters

Electromagnetic Flowmeters

Calibration, Accuracy, Precision, and Standards
Digital Multimeters
Authors: Newcombe Charles B.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

The Elements of a DMM

Analog‐To‐Digital Conversion

Noise Rejection

Digital Display

Display Range, Resolution, and Accuracy

Applicable Standards and Ratings
Interferometers
Authors: Xu Ken
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Basic Formulae for Interference

Configurations, Principles, and Applications of Interferometers

Fiber‐Optic Sagnac Interferometer

Recent Developments
Energy Measurement
Authors: Alam Mohammad S.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Theory

Watt–Hour Meters

Microprocessor‐Based Energy Meters

Reactive Volt‐Ampere‐Hour Meters

Meter Ratings

Recent Trends

Accuracy

Calibration

Portable Meter Reading and Standards

Reference Standards

Conclusion
Impulse Testing
Authors: Radwan Roushdy M.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Lightning Overvoltages

Switching Overvoltages

Generation of Impulse Voltages

Generation of Switching Surges

Impulse Voltage Measurement

Electrical Discharge

Impulse Breakdown

Impulse Breakdown Strength

Transfer Characteristics

Measurement Standards

Calibration

Applications
Frequency and Time Interval Meters
Authors: Rusek Andrew
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Frequency Meters

Time Interval Measurement

Ratio Measurement Mode

Reciprocal Counter

Input Conditioning Circuit

Digital Circuits of the Counters

Time Base Oscillators

Errors in Digital Frequency and Time Interval Meters

High‐Frequency Meters

Transfer Oscillator

Frequency Translation

Low‐Frequency Meters

Examples of Calibration of Frequency and Time Interval Meters
Photometers
Authors: Cannon Theodore W.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Three Basic Classes of Photometers

Units of Photometry

The Distinction Between Photometers and Radiometers

Visual Photometers

Photoelectric Photometers

Specialized Photometers

Sun Photometers

Calibration of Photoelectric Photometers
Inductance Measurement
Authors: Kumar V. Jagadeesh , Murti V. G. K. , Sankaran P.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Basic Concepts, Definitions, and Units

Standard Inductors

Methods of Measurement of Self‐Inductance

Measurement of Mutual Inductance

Special Techniques and Measurements
Intelligent Biosensors
Authors: Gu Li‐Qun , Leitmannova‐Ottova Angelica , Tien H. Ti
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Overview of a Biosensor

Self‐Assembled Lipid Bilayer: Technology and Measurement

Future Prospects
Electric Strength
Authors: Misra Devendra K.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Breakdown in Liquids

Breakdown in Gaseous Dielectric Material

Electrode Geometry used for Measurements

Test Apparatus
Acceleration Measurement
Authors: Ovaska Seppo J.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Reference Axes and Different Types of Motion

Rectilinear, Angular, and Curvilinear Acceleration

Vibratory Acceleration

Acceleration Measurement Techniques

Acceleration Measurement Errors

Specific Acceleration Measurement Methods and Applications

Conclusion

Acknowledgments
Charge Measurement
Authors: Maeno Takashi
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Total Charge Measurement

Surface‐Charge Measurement

Space‐Charge Measurement
Phase Meters
Authors: Rusek Andrew
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Review of the Phase Measurement Methods

General Block Diagrams of Direct Phase Meters

Down‐Conversion Techniques Used in Phase Meters

Examples of Phase Meters and Other Phase Measurement Units

Errors in Phase Meters
Electric Sensing Devices
Authors: D’Apuzzo Massimo , Liguori Consolatina
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Materials Used for Sensing Devices

Sensor Characteristics
Measurement Errors
Authors: van den Bos Adriaan
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Expectations of Observations

The Distribution of the Observations

Attainable Measurement Precision in the Presence of Measurement Errors

Precisely Measuring from Error Corrupted Observations

Handling Measurement Errors in Nonstandard Problems
Millimeter‐Wave Measurement
Authors: Dambrine Gilles , Crozat Paul , Cros Jean‐Dominique , Gheudin Maurice , Huyart Bernard , Nebus Michel
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Millimeter‐Wave Automatic Network Analyzer

Voltage and Power Ratio Techniques: Six‐Port Network Analyzer

Source‐Pull and Load‐Pull Technique

Dielectric Waveguide Cavity Resonator

Free‐Space Methods. Interferometry
Electron Microscopes
Authors: Van Dyck D. , Amelinckx S.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Transmission Electron Microscopy

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy

Appendix A. Electron‐Diffraction Theories
Power Factor Measurement
Authors: Czarnecki Leszek S.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Power Factor and Its Meaning

Power Factor in Single‐Phase, 2‐Phase, and 3‐Phase Balanced Circuits With Sinusoidal Voltage and Current

Effects of the Power Factor on the Supply Source

Power Factor in 3‐Phase Unbalanced Systems with Sinusoidal Voltages and Currents

Power Factor of Linear Loads with Nonsinusoidal Voltage

Power Factor of Nonlinear Loads with Sinusoidal Supply Voltage

Power Factor Measurement

Power Factor Meters

Iron‐Vane PF Meters

Crossed‐Coil PF Meters

Electronic Power Factor Meters Based on Phase‐Shift Angle Measurement

Electronic Power Factor Meters Based on the Measurement of the Ratio of Active to Apparent Power
Eddy Current Testing
Authors: Zhuge Xiangbin , Ling Baoming
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Principles of Eddy Current Testing

Applications of Eddy Current Testing

Prospective Development of Eddy Current Testing
Wattmeters
Authors: Mirri Domenico , Pasini Gaetano , Iuculano Gaetano , Filicori Fabio , Sasdelli Renato , Tinarelli Roberto
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Equally‐Spaced Sampling Wattmeters

Random Sampling Wattmeters

Performance Analysis of the Sampling Wattmeters

Time‐Jittered Equispaced Sampling Wattmeters

Input Conditioning Circuits

Wattmeters Calibration

Power Quality Analyzer
Image and Video Coding
Authors: Ramchandran Kannan , Gharavi‐Alkhansari Mohammad , Huang Thomas S.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Compression Framework For Still Images

Jpeg–Still‐Image Compression Standard

Beyond JPEG: Wavelets

Beyond JPEG: Fractal Coding

Compression Framework For Video

Video Standards

MPEG‐4 Standard

MPEG‐7 and Multimedia Databases

Current and Future Research Issues

Acknowledgments
Image Processing Equipment
Authors: Gove Robert John
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Image Sensing Equipment

Image Computing Equipment

Video and Image Compression Equipment

Image Database Equipment

Image Display Equipment

Image Printing Equipment
Information Theory of Data Transmission Codes
Authors: Thomas George
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Data Sources and Channels

Block Coding

Convolutional Codes

Additional Topics

Applications
Data Compression Codes, Lossy
Authors: Chu Ken
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Lossy Versus Lossless

Why Lossy?

Periodic Sampling

Aliasing

Quantization

Vector Quantization

Transform Coding

Discrete Cosine Transform

Subband Coding

Predictive Coding

Rate Distortion Theory

Acknowledgments
Queueing Theory
Authors: Mehravari Nader
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

History of the Development of Queueing Theory

Applications of Queueing Theory

Specification and Characterization of Queueing Systems

Notions of Probability Theory of Importance to the Study of Queues

Modeling and Analysis of Elementary Queueing Systems

References To More Advanced Topics
Image Codes
Authors: Lai Yung‐Kai , Kuo C.-C. Jay
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

General Lossy Image/Video Compression Framework

Compression Standards

Other Compression Techniques
Information Theory of Multiaccess Communications
Authors: Nguyen Tien M. , Nguyen Hung , Tran Boi N.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Fixed‐Assignment Multiple Access

Random‐Assignment Multiple Access

Performance Comparison of Multiple Access Techniques

Applications of Random‐Access Techniques in Cellular Telephony
Information Theory of Stochastic Processes
Authors: Kieffer John C.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Asymptotic Equipartition Property

Information Stability Property

Application to Source Coding Theory

Application to Channel Coding Theory

Final Remarks
Trellis‐Coded Modulation
Authors: Jafarkhani Hamid , Tarokh Vahid
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Historical Remarks

Overview

Trellises as Finite‐State Machines

Mapping by Set‐Partitioning

Decoding Trellis Codes: the Dynamic Programming Algorithm

Multidimensional Trellis Codes

Research Activities
Information Theory of Spread‐Spectrum Communication
Authors: Medley Michael J.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Spread Spectrum Systems

Spreading the Spectrum

Applications
Database Architectures
Authors: Delis Alex , Kanitkar Vinay , Kollios George
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Main‐memory Databases

Client–Server Databases

Parallel Database Systems

Acknowledgment
Object‐Oriented Databases
Authors: Bertino Elisa , Guerrini Giovanna
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

The Object‐Oriented Paradigm

Object‐Oriented Data Models

Query Languages

Object‐Oriented DBMSs

The ODMG Standard

Object Relational Databases

Concluding Remarks
Database Processing
Authors: Vossen Gottfried
Published: September 2005

Database processingsubsumes a variety of algorithmic activities that must be performed in modern database management systems. These mostly stem from the specific functionality provided by a database system to applications at various levels. We divide this functionality into two major layers. At theapplication layer, a database system has to processqueries. To this end, we describe how query processing and optimization take places inrelationaldatabase systems. For a subclass of relational queries we discuss optimization, and for the most important relational operation, the(natural) join, we sketch algorithms for its internal implementation. At thesystem layer, user requests to a database are treated in terms oftransactions, which are atomic units of work that preserve database consistency. Transaction processing amounts to interleaved and resilient executions of multiple database accesses according to predefined goals. We explain the major techniques exploited here and show how they carry over todistributeddatabase servers. We conclude by mentioning current and future challenges to database processing.

Functional Layers in Database Systems

Relational Databases

Transaction Management

Distributed Database Servers

Future Challenges
Data Security
Authors: Samarati Pierangela , Jajodia Sushil
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Identification and authentication

Access Control

Auditing

Data Encryption

Conclusions

Acknowledgments
Database Languages
Authors: Kim Ung Mo , Sheu Phillip C‐Y
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Background

Relational Data Model, Relational Algebra, and Relational Calculus

Structured Query Language (SQL)

Object Relational Database Languages

Object‐Oriented Database Languages

Temporal Database Languages

Active Database Languages

Deductive Database Languages

ODBC

Conclusion
Statistical Databases
Authors: Srivastava Jaideep , Ngo Hung Q.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Requirements of Statistical Databases

Statistical Data Models and Metadata

Statistical Query Languages

Physical Database Design and Index Structures for Statistical Operations

Query Processing and Optimization

Sampling and Its Role in Statistical Databases

Statistical Database Security

Other Issues

Conclusion
Spatial Databases
Authors: Güting Ralf Hartmut
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Modeling and Querying

Implementation
Data Reduction
Authors: Bouguettaya A. , Le Viet Q. , Delis A.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Two‐Dimensional Data Clustering Using Group‐Based Distances

Cluster Analysis Methods

Experimental Methodology

Experimental Results

Acknowledgments
Knowledge Acquisition
Authors: Kamel Magdi N.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

The Knowledge Engineering Process

Difficulties in Knowledge Acquisition

Fundamentals Concepts of Knowledge

Process of Knowledge Acquisition

Participants in Knowledge Acquisition

Methods of Knowledge Acquisition

Manual Methods

Combined Manual and Automated Methods

Automated Methods

Knowledge Analysis

Knowledge Representation

Validation and Verification of Knowledge
Cognitive Systems
Authors: Dix Jürgen
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Classical Logics

Nonmonotonic Formalisms

Conclusions

Literature
Knowledge Engineering
Authors: Bastani Farokh B. , Eick Christoph F.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Knowledge‐Based Systems

Designing Knowledge Bases

Evaluation

Future Perspectives
Knowledge Verification
Authors: Tsai Jeffrey J P , Zhang Du , Sahay Avinash , Juan Eric
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Current Issues in Verification of Knowledge‐Based Systems

Formal Verification of Knowledge‐Based Systems

Acknowledgments
Optical Waveguide Transitions
Authors: Burns W. K.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Separating Waveguides and Horns

Local Normal Mode Formalism

Adiabatic and Abrupt Transitions

Coupled‐Mode Theory Representation of Normal Modes

Scattering Matrix Formalism

Coupled Amplitude Equations

Coupled Mode Theory Representation of
C

ij

and Δβ

ij

Branches

Waveguide Horns

Direct Computational Methods
Photonic Crystals
Authors: Sigalas M. M. , Ho K. M. , Soukoulis C. M. , Biswas R. , Tuttle G.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Theoretical Methods

Experimental Techniques for Fabrication of Photonic Band Gaps

3‐D Photonic Crystals with Dielectrics

Acknowledgments
Magnetic Tape Recording
Authors: Richter Hans Jürgen , Veitch Ronald J.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

History

Manufacturing and Structure of Tapes and Floppy Disks

Magnetic Properties of Tapes

Magnetization Reversal of Fine Particles

Recording Physics

Recording Systems

Magnetic Tape Recording: Outlook
Magnetic Noise, Barkhausen Effect
Authors: Pardavi‐Horvath Martha
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Equilibrium Magnetization Distribution

Domain Wall—Defect Interaction

Irreversible Magnetization Processes

Barkhausen Noise

Flux Pinning and Losses in Superconductors
Ferroresonance
Authors: Ouhrouche Mohand A. , Marceau Richard J. , Do Dai X.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Ferroresonance Caused by Open Conductors

Ferroresonance Caused by Islanding of a NUIG from the Main Utility

Conclusion

Acknowledgment
Magnetic Epitaxial Layers
Authors: Borchers J. A. , Majkrzak C. F.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Magnetic Interactions as Studied by Neutron Scattering

Neutron Scattering From Thin Films

Research Review

Conclusion
Magnetic Media, Imaging
Authors: Ross C. A. , Schabes M. E. , Nolan T. , Tang K. , Ranjan R. , Sinclair R.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Bitter Patterns

Magnetooptical Kerr Effect

Lorentz Transmission Electron Microscopy

Scanning Electron Microscope–Based Techniques

Electron Holography

Magnetic Force Microscopy

Conclusions
Magnetic Fluids
Authors: Odenbach Stefan
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Structure of Magnetic Fluids and Basic Stability Requirements

Magnetic Properties of Ferrofluids

Magnetic Flow Control

Applications of Magnetic Fluids

Viscous and Viscoelastic Properties of Ferrofluids
Magnetic Flux
Authors: Jayakumar Raghavan
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Flux Line and Flux Tube

Flux and Fields in a Toroidal Geometry

Magnetomotive Force and Reluctance

Demagnetization Factor

Magnetic Helicity

Electrical Machines

Charged‐Particle Motion in a Magnetic Field

Plasma Equilibrium and Flux Surfaces

Superconductors and Magnetic Flux

Measurement of Flux
Magnetic Materials
Authors: van Dover Robert B.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Historical Background

Magnetic Fields and The Magnetic Response of Materials

Types of Magnetic Materials: Taxonomy

Magnetic Materials Used in Applications
Magnetic Separation
Authors: Rey Christopher M.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Principles of Magnetic Separation

Characteristics of High Gradient Magnetic Separation

Key Processing Variables

Magnetic Separation Equipment

Applications of Magnetic Separation
Magnetic Shielding
Authors: Fugate David W. , Young Frank S.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Elf Shielding Versus High‐Frequency Shielding

Magnetic Fields

Shielding Mechanisms

Shielding Materials

Shielding Calculations

Numerical Solutions for Shielding
Magnetic Methods of Nondestructive Evaluation
Authors: Sablik M. J. , Augustyniak B.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Magnetic Methods For Cracks, Corrosion Pits, or Inclusions

MAgnetic Methods For Microstructural Features

Magnetic NDE Of Residual Stress

Promising New Magnetic Techniques
Laser Beam Machining
Authors: Knowles Martyn R. H. , Foster–Turner Gideon , Errey Keith , Kearsley Andrew J.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Generalized Laser Beam Machining

Laser Micromachining

Laser Beam Characteristics and Manipulation

Applications of Laser Beam Machining

Process Monitoring
Biomedical NMR
Authors: Liang Z.-P. , Haacke E. M.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Signal Generation and Characteristics

Signal Localization

Image Contrast Mechanisms

Application Examples

Conclusion
Computerized Tomography
Authors: Wang Ge , Vannier Michael W.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

CT Principles

Image Reconstruction

Image Quality

Discussion and Further Readings
Tomography
Authors: Leahy Richard M.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Theory

Other Applications

Recent and Potential Future Developments
Authoring Systems
Authors: Falchuk Benjamin , Karmouch Ahmed
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Multimedia Documents and Terminology

Multimedia Document Standards

Visual Techniques for Document Authoring

Mediadoc

Current and Future Issues in Authoring Systems

Conclusions

Acknowledgments
Cavity Resonators
Authors: Sharma Arvind K.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Resonant Structures

Resonator Parameters

Coaxial Cavity Resonators

Waveguide Cavities

Fabrication

Coupling Into and Out of Cavities

Resonator Measurements

Applications
Directional Couplers
Authors: Rozzi Tullio , Morini Antonio
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Definition

Real Directional Couplers

Measurement of the Coupler Parameters

Applications

Coupling Mechanisms

Distributed Coupling
Planar Dielectric Leaky‐Wave Antennas
Authors: Schmidhammer Edgar K. , Ostner Helmut W. , Detlefsen Juergen B. , Jackson David R.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Basic Properties of Planar Leaky‐Wave Structures

Analysis of One‐Dimensional Dielectric Leaky‐Wave Antennas

Analysis of Two‐Dimensional Dielectric Leaky‐Wave Antennas

Alternative Feed and Aperture Configurations

Conclusions
Magnetic Microwave Devices
Authors: How Hoton
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Theoretical Background

Magnetostatic Waves and YIG Film Devices

Magnetic Microwave Nonlinear Devices

Magnetooptic Devices

Antireflection Layers and Absorbing Layers
Power Combiners and Dividers
Authors: Bialkowski Marek E.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Microwave and Millimeter‐Wave Power Combining Techniques

Resonant and Nonresonant Cavity Combiners/Dividers

NonresonantN‐Way Combiners

Spatial Power Combiners

Analysis Methods for Power Combiners/Dividers

Applications
Quasi‐Optical Circuits
Authors: Shiroma Wayne A. , De Lisio Michael P.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Quasi‐Optical Power Combining

Oscillators

Amplifiers

Frequency‐Conversion and Beam‐Control Arrays

Characterization of Quasi‐Optical Arrays

Passive Quasi‐Optical Components

Quasi‐Optical Subsystems and Modeling Techniques
Skin Effect
Authors: Olyslager Frank , De Zutter Daniël
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Theory
Slow Wave Structures
Authors: Wu Ke
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Guided Waves and Waveguides

Fundamentals of Slow‐Wave Structures

A Brief History of Slow‐Wave Development

Basic Theory of Slow‐Wave Structure

(ω − β) Dispersion Diagram and Slow‐Wave Parameters

Approximate and Quasi‐Static Models

Accurate and Hybrid‐Mode Field Models

Slow‐Wave Summary and Applications
Waveguide Discontinuities
Authors: Sorrentino Roberto , Alimenti Federico
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Description of Waveguide Discontinuities

General Properties of Waveguide Discontinuities

Categorization of Waveguide Discontinuities

Isolated and Interacting Discontinuities
Boltzmann Machines
Authors: Fausett Laurene V.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Overview of Neural Networks

Boltzmann Machines

Sample Applications of Boltzmann Machines

Operation of a Fixed‐Weight Boltzmann Machine

Alternative Formulations of the Basic Boltzmann Machine

Extensions of the Boltzmann Machine

Summary and Conclusions
Cerebellar Model Arithmetic Computers
Authors: Commuri S. , Lewis F. L.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Background on CMAC Neural Networks

Background on Nonlinear Dynamical Systems

Passivity‐Based Design

Evaluation
Neural Chips
Authors: Dündar Gunhan , Rose Kenneth
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Neural Network Constraints on Neural Chip Design

Digital Implementations of Neural Chips

Nonideality Constraints on Analog Neural Chip Design

Analog Implementations of Neural Chips

Implementing On‐Chip Learning

Subthreshold Analog Neural Chips

Pulse Stream Neural Chips

Implementing Alternative Neural Network Architectures

Conclusion
Optical Neural Nets
Authors: Javidi Bahram
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Fundamentals of Optical Image Processing

Spatial Light Modulators

Optical Pattern Recognition

Optical Neural Computing

Multilayer Optical Neural Nets Using Holographic Memory

Optical Associative Memory

Optical Correlator Associative Memory

Hologram‐Based Associative Memory
Neural Nets, Hopfield
Authors: Fausett Laurene V.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Artificial Neural Networks

Applications of Recurrent Neural Networks

Discrete Hopfield Networks

Continuous Hopfield Network

Recent Developments

Summary and Conclusions
Dosimetry
Authors: Poston John W.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Interactions of Radiation With Matter

The Bragg–Gray Principle

The Free Air Ionization Chamber

General Considerations

Ionization Chambers

Thermoluminescence Dosimetry

Electronic Dosimeters

Glossary
Fission Chambers
Authors: Miller James F.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Construction

Electrode Coating

Fill Gas

Electrode Spacing

Electrode Geometry
Light Water Reactor Control Systems
Authors: Bernard John A.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Neutron Life Cycle

Reactor Operation

Light Water Reactor Operation
Nuclear Power Station Design
Authors: Green Kenneth J. , Gulati Diljit , Steele John Scott
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Nuclear Licensing Process

Reactor Types

The Fission Process

Radiation and Shielding Design

Site Layout and Plant Arrangement

Structural Design

Power Cycle

Nuclear Power Plant Equipment

Nuclear Plant Systems

Radioactive Waste Processing

Nuclear Power Plant Electrical Systems

ALWR Program

Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning

Fire Protection Systems
Particle Spectrometers
Authors: Kaplan Daniel M. , Nelson Kenneth S.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Overview of Subatomic Particles

Overview of Particle Detection

Probabilistic Nature of Particle Reactions

Detailed Discussion of Particle Detectors

Particle Spectrometers

Acknowledgments
Radiation Monitoring
Authors: Lingren Clinton L. , Weis Daniel , Bleher George L. , Giegler Donald P.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Radiation Monitoring in Nuclear Power Plants

System Overview

Sources of Radioactive Material

Units of Measure Important to Radiation Monitoring

Typical Detectors and Monitor Types

Monitor‐Performance Parameters
Photomultipliers
Authors: Utts Bradley , Rule Phillip
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Functions

Tube Operation

Tube Structure

Tube Characteristics

Stability

Advanced Section

Temporal Characteristics
Data Compression for Networking
Authors: Wan Wade , Chen Xuemin
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Basic Terminology and Methods for Data Coding

Fundamental Compression Algorithms

JPEG

H.261 andH.263

MPEG

H.264/AVC/JVT
Network Security Fundamentals
Authors: Barnett Bruce
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Goals of Security

Why Security is Problematic

Security Principles

Network Security Model

Security Policy

Security Mechanisms

Threat Model

Probes, Attacks and Threats

Risk Analysis

Firewall Architecture

Summary to Network Security

History of Network Security Incidents
Network Flow and Congestion Control
Authors: Modiano Eytan , Siu Kai‐Yeung
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Issues and Mechanisms for Congestion Control

Flow Control in Practice

Advanced Issues
Group Communication
Authors: Melliar‐Smith P. M. , Moser L. E.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Formal Models and Definitions

Message Delivery Algorithms

Flow Control Algorithms

Fault Detectors

Membership Algorithms

Future Directions
Mobile Network Objects
Authors: Bic Lubomir F. , Dillencourt Michael B. , Fukuda Munehiro
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Basic Infrastructure

Programming Language

Mobility

Agent Interactions

Protection and Security

Utility and Applications
Network Security Framework
Authors: Schumacher H. J. , Ghosh Sumit
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Review of Current Research in Network Security

The network Security Framework
Oceanographic Equipment
Authors: Caimi Frank M. , Murshid Syed H.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Oceanographic Instrument Design Criteria

Basic Instrument Systems

Current Measurement

Pressure

Acoustic Transducers/Hydrophones

Magnetometers

Navigational Sensors

Positioning, Tracking, and Survey Systems
Sonar Signal Processing
Authors: Drumheller David M. , Gaumond Charles F. , O'Connor Brian T.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

A Brief History of Sonar Signal Processing

Sound in the Ocean

Functions of Sonar Signal Processing

Scattering and Signal Modeling

Conclusion
Document Image Processing
Authors: Srihari Sargur N. , Niyogi Debashish
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Decomposition and Structural Analysis

Text Recognition and Interpretation

Tables, Graphics, and Halftone Recognition

Databases and System Performance Evaluation
Online Handwriting Recognition
Authors: Plamondon Réjean , Lopresti Daniel P. , Schomaker Lambert R. B. , Srihari Rohini
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Handwriting

Data Acquisition and Preprocessing

Recognition

Postprocessing

Conclusion

Acknowledgments
Motion Analysis by Computer
Authors: Yang Xue Dong
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Motion Analysis

Three‐Dimensional Motion and Structure

Active Perception
Optical and Electrooptical Image Converters
Authors: Zalevsky Zeev , Mendlovic David , Shabtay Gal , Marom Emanuel
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Simple Optical Converters

Optical Coordinate Transformation—Analytical Approaches

Optical Coordinate Transformations—Numerical Approaches for Mask Computation

Applications
Image Scanners
Authors: Zhong Zhaowei
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Desktop Image Scanners

Unlimited Applications of Scanners

Control of Servomechanisms
Corporate and Organizational Communication
Authors: Goodman Michael B.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Overview of Corporate and Organizational Communication

Key Corporate Communication Functions Listed Alphabetically

Corporate Communication—Meeting the Challenge of the Future
Electronic Document Production
Authors: Hayhoe George F.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Overview

Characteristics of Electronic Documents

Developing Electronic Documents

Using Electronic Documents

Revising Electronic Documents
Oral Presentations
Authors: Elser Arthur G.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Engineering the Presentation

Delivering the Presentation (Production)
Video Production
Authors: Longo Julie A.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Unique Characteristics of Video

Types of Video Production

History of Video

The Three Stages of Video Production

Distribution

Emerging Technologies in Video
Shared‐Memory Multiprocessors
Authors: Shaha Narendra , Parashar Manish
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Physically Shared Memory Multiprocessors

Physically Distributed Memory Architectures

Concluding Remarks
Interconnection Networks for Parallel Computers
Authors: Jurczyk Michael , Siegel Howard Jay , Stunkel Craig
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Network Topologies

Switching Techniques

Routing Techniques for Direct Networks

Switch Box Architectures

Conclusions
Real‐Time Object‐Oriented Distributed Computing
Authors: Kim K. H.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Fundamental Issues inRTOO Distributed Computing

Design and Execution Tools

Basic Design Style: Multilevel Multistep Design
AC–AC Power Converters
Authors: De Doncker Rik W.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

AC‐TO‐AC Converters with an Intermediate DC Link

Cycloconverter

Matrix Converter

Static AC Voltage Regulators and Phase Shifters
Thyristors for Power Electronics
Authors: Yatsuo Tsutomu
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Basic Structure of GTO Thyristor

Principle of GTO Thyristor Operation

Theory of Gate Turn‐Off

Current Filamentation in the Unit GTO Thyristor Segment

Turn‐Off Failure Modes of GTO Thyristors

Safe Operating Area (SOA) of GTO Thyristor

Anode Emitter Shorting

Segment Arrangement in GTO Thyristors

Turn‐Off Characteristics of GTO Thyristors

Snubber Circuits

Gate Driver for GTO Thyristors

Ratings of GTO Thyristors

Reverse Conducting GTO Thyristors

Punch‐Through (pnipn) Type GTO Thyristors

Hard Drive Operation of GTO Thyristors
Power System Harmonic Control
Authors: Mahdavi J. , Ehsani M.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Definitions

Standardization Policy

Harmonic Sources

Harmonic Calculations and Measurements

Harmonics Effects on Electrical Networks

Power Factor Control

Harmonic Control

Conclusions

Acknowledgment
Large Motor Drives
Authors: Peng Fang Z.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Large DC Motor Drives

Large AC Synchronous Motor Drives

Large AC Induction Motor Drives

Multilevel Inverters for Large Motor Drives
Optical Filters
Authors: Nolting Hans‐Peter , März Reinhard
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Basic Equations and Parameters

Systems With Optical Filters

Interference Filters and Fabry–Perot Interferometers

Co‐ and Contradirectional Couplers

Diffraction Gratings and Optical Phased Arrays

Appendix
Photorefractive Effect
Authors: Yi Xianmin , Yeh Pochi
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Band Transport Model

Photorefractive Beam Fanning

Phase Conjugation

Applications
Mark Scanning Equipment
Authors: He Jackson Duanfeng
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Historical Overview

Barcodes

Barcode Scanners

Two‐dimensional Codes

Two‐dimensional Code Scanners

Concluding Remarks
Photothyristors
Authors: Zhao Jian H. , Burke Terry
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Brief Description of Photothyristors

Detailed Description of Photothyristors

Applications and Future Directions
Optical Amplifiers
Authors: Willner Alan E.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Historical Perspective

Basic Concepts

Photoabsorption and Photoemission

SNR Background in Generic Optical Systems

Amplifier Gain and Noise

Semiconductor Amplifiers

Erbium‐doped Fiber Amplifiers

Multiple‐Wavelength Systems

Applications to Solitons

Future Trends
Contactors
Authors: Voshall Roy E.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Industrial Applications

Specific Contactor Operation

Contactor Size and Fuse Coordination
DC Transmission Networks
Authors: Haque Zahidul , Kalam Akhtar
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Problem Formulation

DC Converter and Network Model

Mathematical Model for Rectangular Coordinates

Results

Conclusions
Potential Transformers
Authors: Hardt N. , Koenig D.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Insulation of Instrument Transformers

Theory and Equivalent Circuit

Voltage Transformer

Current Transformer

Combined Current and Voltage Transformers

Fast Transients in Power Systems and Their Effect on Secondary Circuits
Power Factor Correction
Authors: Mao Hengchun , Jiang Yimin , Lee Fred C. , Boroyevich Dushan , Ribeiro Paulo F.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Utility Interface Requirements

Power Quality Requirements for Electrical Equipment

Single‐Phase Power Factor Correction

Three‐Phase Power Factor Correction

Input Filter Design

Recent Research Results

Conclusion
AC Power Transmission
Authors: Moore Philip J. , Ashmole Peter H.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Real and Reactive Power

Network Security and Redundancy

Shunt Compensation

Series Compensation

Phase Angle Compensation

Flexible AC Transmission Systems
Power Transmission Lines
Authors: Ahmed, P. E. Ashfaq
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Generating Stations

Network Analysis

The Per‐Unit System

Power Flow Analysis

Reactive Power Flow Control
Switchgear Protection
Authors: Wu Alex Y.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Metal‐Clad Switchgear Features

Metal‐Clad Switchgear Construction

Vacuum Interrupter

Ratings

Short‐Circuit Calculations

Switchgear and Bus Protection
Transformer Substations
Authors: Schneider A. , Seele W. , Himmer E.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Design Criteria

Medium‐Voltage Switchgear

Digital Switchgear Control and Monitoring

Inner‐City Substations (E.G., Underground Substations)

Maintenance
Vacuum Switches
Authors: Glinkowski Mietek T.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Fundamental Design of the Vacuum Switch

Types of Vacuum Switches and Their Applications

Electrical Characteristics

Typical Capabilities of Commercial Vacuum Switches

Power System and Industrial Applications

Other Applications

Triggered Vacuum GAP and Triggered Vacuum Switch

Vacuum Fuse

Operational Safety
Shielded Power Cable
Authors: Boggs Steven A. , Engelhardt John S.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Application Overview

Structure and Materials

Manufacture

Accessories

Thermal Design

Installation

Cable System Testing, Maintenance, and Diagnostics

Cable System Operation

Cable System Reliability
Power Distribution Networks
Authors: Ortmeyer Thomas H. , Knodel Brook
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

System Layout and Operation

Steady‐State Operation

Distribution Equipment

Distribution‐System Reliability and Availability

Overvoltage Protection

Fault Protection

Power Quality

Special Situations

Distribution Automation
Electricity Supply Industry
Authors: Shahidehpour S. M. , Yamin H. Y. , Ferrero R. W.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Energy Sources

Short‐Term Thermal Generation Scheduling

Restructuring the Electricity Industry

Generation Scheduling for Electricity Pricing in a Deregulated Power Market

Remarks
Power System Harmonics
Authors: Famouri Parviz , Cawthorne William R.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Definition of Harmonics

Sources of Harmonics

Harmonic Impact

Harmonic Elimination

Conclusion
Power System Measurement
Authors: McEachern Alex
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

Measuring Power System Voltage and Current

Measuring Basic Power System Parameters

Measuring Power Quality Events

Display Methods

Accuracy of Power System Measurements
Power System Restoration
Authors: Douligeris Christos , Develekos George , Zografos Konstantinos G. , Dialynas Evangelos N.
Published: September 2005

The sections in this article are

System Restoration Process

Protection

Restoration Time

Training and Organization

Analysis of the Service Restoration Operations

Acknowledgments