bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innovación docente y TIC desde la perspectiva de la docencia en Derecho
Authors: Castellanos-Claramunt Jorge
Published: January 2021

Las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación son un elemento extraordinario para innovar en el ámbito educativo, tal y como ha mostrado la situación generada por el COVID-19. Así, en el ámbito del Derecho son múltiples las posibilidades que se derivan de la implementación de estas herramientas para mejorar el nivel de la enseñanza y facilitar la incorporación de los estudiantes al mundo laboral. Ahora bien, la tecnología no es un fin en sí mismo, por lo que habrá que valorar la introducción de estas herramientas como complemento y no como un sustitutivo de la tarea educativa, especialmente en el ámbito del Derecho, que exige la formación de juristas con una visión integral de la realidad jurídica. Para ello es muy útil el uso de plataformas digitales e, incluso, el crecimiento de la docencia online, siempre que se emplee para generar juristas comprometidos con el Derecho y la Justicia y no meros expertos tecnológicos del mundo del Derecho
Lo que no es plagio académico: excepciones desde la perspectiva jurídica
Authors: Arias Odón Fidias Gerardo
Published: January 2021

Este artículo se propuso como objetivo analizar lo que no es plagio académico mediante el examen de objetos no protegidos por el derecho de autor: ideas, hechos y conocimiento del dominio público como excepciones previstas en la legislación sobre propiedad intelectual. Si bien es cierto que la apropiación ilícita de una obra es una conducta censurable, no es menos cierto que existen limitaciones en el derecho de autor y por consiguiente hay excepciones que deben ser consideradas en el contexto de la academia. En este sentido, con apoyo en la doctrina del derecho y la jurisprudencia, se exponen los casos de uso lícito de elementos para el trabajo académico, como lo son, la utilización de ideas, la referencia a hechos públicos y en general, el empleo de conocimientos del dominio público. Además, se precisan los requisitos del derecho de cita, así como casos concretos en los que no es obligatorio citar a un autor en particular. Por último, se explica lo que no es plagio académico y se propone una redefinición de dicho concepto.
"Usted, chiquilla, también puede”. Reflexiones en torno al sexismo en la universidad en estudiantes de Derecho
Authors: Garcés Estrada Carolina Dessiree , Santos Pérez Antonia , Castillo Collado Loreto Alejandra
Published: January 2021

Las demandas feministas en las universidades chilenas en 2018 tuvieron un particular protagonismo de las Facultades de Derecho, teniendo como eje de la movilización la violencia de género al interior de las instituciones de educación superior. Pero todavía se desconocen las dimensiones de la violencia de género y el acoso sexual en las carreras universitarias, aun cuando estos hechos afectan al desarrollo personal y profesional de las personas. La realización de estudios sobre violencia en instituciones de educación superior permite dimensionar esta realidad social, así como facilita establecer medidas para atender y erradicar estas prácticas. En el año 2019 se realizó el estudio sobre violencia que afecta a estudiantes de la carrera de Derecho de la Universidad Arturo Prat. A través de esta investigación, de carácter cuantitativa, se pudo establecer como la violencia forma parte de las relaciones sociales en el ámbito académico y como las conductas sexistas son un mecanismo de discriminación, con distintas expresiones que abarca desde la violencia simbólica hasta el hostigamiento sexual. Estos comportamientos sutiles y culturales reproducen la subordinación de las mujeres.
Aportes a la enseñanza-aprendizaje del derecho de la Revista Pedagogía Universitaria y Didáctica del Derecho
Authors: González Aguilar Hugo Augencio
Published: January 2021

El presente estudio analiza los aportes en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del derecho de la Revista Pedagogía Universitaria y Didáctica del Derecho a través de los artículos publicados en su portal desde el 2014 hasta el 2019. Se han seleccionado y analizado 64 artículos que tratan la temática teniendo en cuenta las siguientes categorías: paradigma y enfoque curricular, estrategias en la enseñanza, investigación, habilidades comunicativas, enseñanza liberadora, el arte en la enseñanza, la evaluación, las TIC, derechos humanos y creatividad. Las que tienen más prevalencia son las estrategias sobre la enseñanza del derecho que responden a la naturaleza de la revista; con menor presencia se encuentran algunas categorías como evaluación y creatividad.
O ensino jurídico e a dinâmica pedagógica: a aplicação da metodologia ativa no curso de direito da Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus Floresta
Authors: Carles Fabiana David , Freitas de Araújo Enzo Matheus , Brandão da Costa Siqueira Vitória Caroline
Published: January 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar, brevemente, a importância do ensino jurídico com base na aplicação dos instrumentos da aprendizagem dinâmica e do desenvolvimento das capacidades lógicas do estudantes, sendo utilizado como exemplo deste processo de mudança nas atividades didáticas no campo das ciências do Direito a recente alteração do modelo de instrução na disciplina de Direito Processual Civil na Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus Floresta. Verifica-se a urgência de modificar o ensino jurídico, de modo que supere o tecnicismo incorporado no fazer o Direito. Muitos ideais e interesses se manifestam na sociedade moderna e revelam um sistema jurídico em crise, o que torna necessário a busca de mecanismos para superá-la. Sendo assim, surge a importância de implementar metodologias ativas nos cursos de Direito para possibilitar que de fato após sua formação acadêmica os cidadãos estejam aptos para os deveres sociais enquanto juristas. A metodologia da pesquisa utilizada é de natureza qualitativa, baseando-se em análise bibliográfica.
¿Hay alguien ahí? Interacciones pedagógicas con cámaras apagadas en tiempos de pandemia
Authors: Elgueta Rosas María Francisca
Published: January 2021

Nos proponemos identificar a partir de un estudio cuantitativo, aleatorio simple, exploratorio, descriptivo; las razones atribuidas por los estudiantes para mantener las cámaras apagadas durante las sesiones de clases remotas de emergencia. Se encuestó con un instrumento semiestructurado a un total de 355 estudiantes de la carrera de Derecho que cursaron el primer y segundo semestre on line. Los resultados arrojan que las interacciones pedagógicas favorecen la pasividad de los estudiantes, existiendo poco diálogo entre profesor y estudiantes y entre estudiantes, y por ello las cámaras tienden a estar apagadas. Las razones que sostienen los estudiantes tienen que ver con “Fatiga Zoom”, “clases en pantuflas”, problemas estructurales de conectividad, salud física y salud mental.
Authors: Prado María Mercedes , Vanel Gregory
Published: January 2021

Ecuador is a small, dollarized country, primo oil exporter and far from global shipping networks. It has, however, managed in a decade to become the world’s third largest exporter of cut flowers by entering global value chains. This success is based on the adoption of a unique economic model, based on small flower farms and customized production. Counter-intuitive to the standard approaches and practices of the main competing countries, this export model remains very fragile.
Indagación narrativa y saber docente
Authors: Bugueño Viviana , Fierro Becker Felipe , Vargas Nicolás , Vivanco Sara
Published: January 2021

El presente artículo exhibe los resultados de un proceso de indagación narrativa en torno al saber docente de un grupo de maestros/as del sistema escolar chileno. Explora diversas experiencias pedagógicas significativas de los/as maestros/as. La investigación consistió en la constitución de un grupo de indagación conformado por los/as profesores/as autores/as de este artículo. Tuvo como eje articulador la construcción de relatos de experiencia, los cuales fueron sometidos a un proceso de reescrituray reflexión del grupo de investigación. El resultado son tres escritos donde se muestran diversas vivencias y reflexiones sobre el sentido de la labor educativa de los docentes. También, se presentan conclusiones sobre el saber docente y su dimensión relacional.
The Newspaper, the Mirror, and the Kaleidoscope–Three Assets in Teaching and Writing
Authors: Caldwell Cam , Ljepava Nikolina , Anderson Verl
Published: January 2021

Introduction: In the context of the 21st century, business faculty have found that the challenges associated with teaching effectively and becoming published authors can be ominous and sometimes frustrating. This paper identifies how the newspaper, the mirror, and the kaleidoscope can be useful assets in helping faculty to focus their teaching and enhance the likelihood that they can publish their scholarly research. The paper includes five suggestions for faculty to consider as they apply these three tools.Objective: This paper provides helpful insights for business faculty as they seek to improve their teaching effectiveness and their ability to provide examples in publishable academic papers.Methods: Specific examples are provided of the use of the newspaper, the mirror, and the kaleidoscope for business scholars.Results: Five suggestions are provided to facilitate effective teaching and writing.Conclusions: Effective teaching and being published in scholarly journals can be daunting challenges and this paper provides valuable suggestions for improving teaching and writing success.
Human Resource Case Analysis – The Students’ Perspective
Authors: Ristic Marija Runic , Ahmed Ali Menatalla Hosam Korany , Alkhateeb Shareefa Reda , Caldwell Cam , Anderson Verl
Published: January 2021

Case analysis is a powerful teaching tool that requires students to demonstrate the higher-level application, analysis, evaluation, and synthesis skills essential to effective critical thinking. Human Resource Management (HRM) professionals must develop these skills and incorporate them into their day-to-day practices in serving organizations and the employees with whom they work. This paper presents HRM students’ perspectives about ten key factors essential to developing case analysis competencies essential to prepare them for successful careers.
Reviewer acknowledgements for Business and Management Research, Vol. 9, No. 4
Authors: Lee Simon
Published: January 2021

Reviewer acknowledgements for Business and Management Research, Vol. 9, No. 4, 2020.
Effect of Guhong injection combined with atorvastatin on angina pectoris of coronary heart disease and its influence on Hemorheology and oxidative stress
Authors: Wang Ze , Du Li , Hu Mengyuan
Published: January 2021

Objective: To explore the effect of Guhong injection combined with atorvastatin on CHD patients with angina pectoris and its influence on hemorheology and oxidative stress.Methods: 80 CHD patients with angina pectoris admitted to our hospital from December 2018 to December 2019 were randomly divided into the observation group (40 cases) and the control group (40 cases) by use of the random number table. The patients in the control group were treated with atorvastatin, while those in the observation group were treated with Guhong injection on the basis of the control group. The course of treatment was 2 weeks for each group. The treatment effect, the frequency of angina pectoris seizure and its duration before and after treatment, the changes of hemorheology indexes and oxidative stress and the occurrence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results: the total effective rate of the observation group (92.50%) was higher than that of the control group (70.00%) (p < .05). The frequency of angina pectoris seizure and its duration in these two groups after treatment were lower than those before treatment (Observation group: t = 25.588, 23.009; Control group: t = 16.587, 16.263; p < .05); After treatment, the frequency of angina pectoris seizure and its duration in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (t = 15.191, 9.425; p < .05). In the observation group, the hemorheology indexes after treatment were lower than those before treatment (t = 6.742, 15.224, 6.983, 23.537, p < .05); the hemorheology indexes after treatment in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (t = 5.201, 13.913, 5.539, 13.745; p < .05). In the observation group, the level of serum SOD after treatment was higher than that before treatment, while the levels of LPO and MDA after treatment were lower than those before treatment (t = 10.839, 6.924, 8.466; p < .05); the level of serum SOD after treatment in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, while the levels of LPO and MDA after treatment in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (t = 6.171, 6.432, 5.394; p < .05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (p < .05).Conclusions: Guhong injection combined with atorvastatin has an obvious clinical effect on CHD patients with angina pectoris, and it can improve hemorheology indexes and oxidative stress reaction with fewer adverse reactions.
A case report on aggressive fibromatosis of the arm and shoulder
Authors: Emile Sameh Hany , Sakr Ahmad
Published: January 2021

Background: Aggressive fibromatosis is a locally aggressive tumor that originates from the deep musculo-aponeurotic structures. In this report, we describe the case of an adolescent male with painless, progressively growing swelling in his right arm necessitated surgical excision and postoperative pathologic examination revealed aggressive fibromatosis.Case presentation: A 15-year-old boy presented with a painless, progressively growing swelling of his right arm. The swelling was firm, non-tender and with restricted mobility. MRI imaging revealed a well-defined, heterogenous, lobulated swelling extending beneath arm and shoulder muscles. Wide local excision of the swelling was done under general anesthesia and pathologic examination revealed aggressive fibromatosis of the arm. Adjuvant radiotherapy was provided to the patient to reduce the risk of local recurrence of the tumor.Conclusion: Aggressive fibromatosis of the upper limb presents as a painless, progressively growing swelling. Assessment with MRI is imperative for making a preliminary diagnosis. Wide local excision with safety margin with adjuvant radiotherapy is the main line of treatment to minimize the incidence of recurrence and preserve the limb.
Embrace Fintech in ASEAN: A Perception Through Fintech Adoption Index
Authors: Huong Alice Yong-Zheng , Puah Chin-Hong , Chong Mei-Teing
Published: January 2021

In this new age of financial technology developments in ASEAN, the financial services industry is evolving quickly. However, consumer intention to embrace financial technology in different financial services remains vague. Hence, this study aims to investigate the consumer Fintech adoption level through constructing a Fintech Adoption Index for ASEAN countries. The empirical findings reveal that Singapore with a mature Fintech development having a relatively high adoption rate, while countries with nascent Fintech development such as Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Myanmar and Laos have a relatively low adoption rate as compared to the countries with emerging Fintech development such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam. All ASEAN countries show increasing trends in Fintech adoption from 2017 to 2019. From this study, the dimensional and final index scores generated are easy to understand, and this study has successfully simplified the complexity of Fintech adoption level across different sub-sectors for all ten ASEAN countries. In conclusion, the newly constructed Fintech adoption index for ASEAN countries can better illuminate consumer adoption preference toward Fintech development and thus leverage the results for productive financial policy direction.
Is the Minimum Wage Effective in a Context of Informality?
Authors: Herrero Olarte Susana
Published: January 2021

There is a general trend in the South American region to increase the minimum wage (MW) to reduce poverty and inequality. However, empirical studies are inconclusive with respect to the effect of the MW. This study seeks to contribute to the empirical evidence regarding the impact of this policy by exploring its limitations and possibilities for reducing poverty in Ecuador. Unlike other studies, a measure to capture informality in the labor market is included. Using fixed effect estimation with panel data, I determine the relationship between labor income deciles and variations in the MW, using a proxy for its effectiveness. The results suggest that the MW positively affects the lower income deciles, to a lesser extent the intermediate deciles and with no effect on the higher ones. However, when considering a control for the degree of informality in the labor market, the effect on the lower deciles is mitigated. Therefore, increases in the MW may be a strategy to increase the income of the middle and vulnerable class, but it does not seem to be useful for reducing poverty.
Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) and Firm’s Performance: A Study of Listed Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria
Authors: Otekunrin Adegbola Olubukola , Eluyela Damilola Felix , Nwanji Tony Ikechukwu , Faye Sainey , Howell Kerry E. , Tolu-Bolaji Jemima
Published: January 2021

Increased volatility in the business world has exposed the inadequacy of traditional approaches to risk management. This has led to an integrated approach to measuring and managing risks known as enterprise risk management (ERM). At the same time, past studies on ERM disclosures have examined it within the context of book-based approach, which has not given the right and accurate information. However, this paper examined the significance of enterprise risk management and listed manufacturing firms' financial performance in Nigeria using both the book-based approach and the market-based approach. Relevant ERM theories in relation to financial performance such as Agency Theory, Stakeholders Theory, and Enterprise Risk Management Theory were examined. A panel data analysis was employed on time series and cross-sectional data of thirty listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria from 2010 to 2018. The random effect of the Hausman test was found to be more appropriate and hence adopted in interpreting the results of the analysis. The results confirm the a priori expectations that profitability ratio, liquidity ratio, market-based ration to risk board committee, the board size, firm size, and directors’ ownership all have varied impact on the firm’s profitability with varied statistical significance levels.
How Do Inflation Rate, BI Rate, and Balance of Trade Directly Affect IDR to USD Exchange Rate and Indirectly Affect IDX Composite Index in Initial Stage of Covid-19 Outbreak?
Authors: Winarko Hilarius Bambang , Wahono Julius Caesare , Yuniningsih Yuniningsih , Pannindriya Sri Tunggul
Published: January 2021

This study is trying to fill the research gap by understanding how several important financial variables interplay and affect the macroeconomic indicators, especially in developing country like Indonesia during the financial crisis period caused by the unexpected and sudden Covid-19 pandemic outbreak. The purpose of this research is to determine the direct effect of the inflation rate, Bank Indonesia (BI) rate, and Balance of Trade on the movement of Indonesia Rupiah (IDR) currency stability against US Dollar (USD) and indirect impact to the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) Composite index in Indonesia during the initial stage of the pandemic outbreak. To achieve the research objectives, this study uses the Rupiah exchange rate against USD and IDX Composite index as the dependent variables, while the Inflation rate (CPI), BI rate, and Balance of Trade as the independent variables. The quantitative methodology is used in this research by applying linear and multiple simple regression techniques. The results of this research show that the Inflation rate, BI rate, and Balance of Trade were significantly affecting the Rupiah exchange rate against the USD, and it found that the most dominant variable in this model was the BI rate. The Inflation rate and Balance of Trade partially had no direct significant influence toward the movement of the Rupiah exchange rate against the USD during the critical anticipation period of Covid-19 pandemic outbreak. Furthermore, Rupiah exchange rate against the USD gave a significant influence toward the IDX Composite index.
Reliability-based risk factors
Authors: Elms David G.
Published: January 2021

Risk factors are used in some codes to allow for the  higher than normal consequences of the failure of essential or important structures. A classification of high-risk structures is given, based on different reasons for high importance. Risk factors are then related to reliability factors, defined as the increases in reliability required compared with that for a normal building. By assuming reasonable values for reliability factors, a set of risk  factors is derived. Some of these correspond closely to those specified in the New Zealand code, while others differ markedly.
Household Socio-Cultural and Economic Predictors of Drug and Substance Abuse among High School Students in Kisumu East Sub County, Kisumu County –Kenya
Authors: Orende Marceline A. , Onguru Daniel O. , Odongo David O. , Muranda Marion A
Published: January 2021

PURPOSE: The household socio-cultural and economic predictors of drugs and substance abuse among high school students were investigated in Kisumu East Sub-County, Kisumu County.

STUDY AREA DESCRIPTION: The study was conducted in Kisumu East Sub County in Kisumu County within the community set up. The area has approximated total population of 220,997 with an area of 141.6 sq.km density of 1560 per sq.km with a total number of 61,388 households. It is made up of five wards and 12 village units. The area has a total of 33 secondary schools with a total population of 26,000 students out of which 12,800 are males and 13,200 females. Out of 33 schools, 28 are day schools drawing students from the community.  The main economic activities are quarrying, motorcycle ride, small scale businesses and farming. There is high rate of drop out of school among students due to the availability and accessibility of drug and substance abuse in the area as well as the geographical location. There are homes where bhang as well as local brew is sold at affordable cost.

METHODS AND/OR TECHNIQUES: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The study targeted high school students aged 15-25 years learning within the study area. Sample size of 434 was calculated using Yamane formula and the participants selected through Snow ball, random, cluster and stratified sampling. Demographic characteristics were summarized using tables while inferential statistic done using Chi square, binomial logistic regression and multiple regression. Data collection done through observation and questionnaires. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: Parental expectations, psychological disorders or mental problems, family background, leisure activities and festivities, number of siblings in the family, cultural beliefs and practices, birth position of the student, family shock and the need to treat certain ailments were found to be significantly associated with the abuse of drugs and substance (p <0.05).

CONCLUSION: Lack of parental/guardian’s supervision and monitoring of the students movements, poor parent-child attachment due to inadequate family time, no communication on the dangers of drugs and substance abuse to students by the parents and high academic expectations by parents/guardians from students are the major contributors of drugs and substance abuse among students.
Impact of Parental Migration on Health of Left Behind Children
Authors: Sharma Sushil , Devkota Bhimsen , Acharya Devaraj
Published: January 2021

After the adoption of liberal economic policy, Nepal entered into the international work force market. Human resource moves abroad seeking for employment opportunities. The globalization of workforce on one hand benefit to the country with a huge amount of inward remittance and on the other brings different bi-products in the country. The physical and emotional effects on the left-behind children [LBC] have come on the forefront as a burning issue. Absence of parents in the family has resulted in children’s sedentary and complicated life as well.

However, health-related problems such as cough or respiratory difficulties and diarrhoea have been a major concern among the LBC. The absence of guardians results in nutritional problems such as height / weight for the age. Out of the parents, mother’s migration results in severe consequences. It does not only have an effect on children’s basic immunization and breastfeeding, but also effects on personal hygiene and sanitation. However, affordability of better diet, fancy outfits and health care facilities has been available to LBC with their growing access to remittance.
Experiences of Medical Students About Computer-based Testing: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Daryazadeh Saeideh , Faghihi Atiye
Published: January 2021

Background: In the modern era, the use of new technology is rapidly expanding, and the area of measurement and assessment in medical sciences has also been affected. Considering the increasing use of computer-based testing (CBT), and the viewpoint and experiences of students are paramount in this regard. Objectives: The present study aimed to describe the experiences of medical students regarding CBT. Methods: This qualitative research was conducted using conventional content analysis during 2018 - 2019. The participants included 10 pre-internship medical students who were selected via purposive sampling. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews, and data analysis was performed in MAXQDA 10. Results: Data analysis eventually led to the emergence of two themes, which were examinee-related components that consisted of two categories (experimental and preferred aspects) and test related components that consisted of three categories (technical, financial, and executive aspects). In addition, each category had subcategories. Conclusions: The participants stated their experiences with CBT from different perspectives. Accordingly, CBT could be a proper alternative to paper-based testing if the weaknesses were resolved. Therefore, it is suggested that other CBTs be evaluated similar to the present study to investigate the views of the stakeholders involved in the assessment system.
A Guideline Study For Designing Virtual Reality Games
Authors: ÇATAK Güven , Zafer  MASALCI Server , ŞENYER Seray
Published: January 2021

Virtual reality has great potential for immersive experiences that is not available in other mediums. Thus, it has a significant place in the entertainment and the game industry. However, creating a well-designed immersive experience can be extremely complicated due to the replacement of human perception from the real-world to an isolated virtual world. Understanding the essentials of virtual reality (VR) experiences and game design principles is necessary for designing an immersive VR game. Although there are many differences in design elements of VR games according to the experience that is wanted to be given to the player, many games also have common elements. In the line of this view, a guideline is aimed to be framed for VR game designers in the current study. For this purpose design pillars of VR experiences and game design principles were reviewed, and five VR games were analyzed. Games are highly plastic mediums that can be adapted to any environment and technology. Many game types have a close relationship in terms of game elements and design. However, the implementation of game elements from other mediums to the VR medium is challenging. Therefore, game design principles should be well-comprehended and implemented to the VR medium by considering the existed technology. Virtual reality takes the player and put him in a new virtual world. In this world, everything should be designed to be easily perceivable by the player. Thus, the human perception was reviewed as one of the design pillars. Virtual reality also offers an interactive experience that allows the user to affect the world. Like in traditional video games, players can interact and navigate in the virtual world. Therefore, interaction and navigation were reviewed as two other design pillars. Based on the reviewed design pillars, five VR games were analyzed. Then, a VR game design guideline is proposed based on common game design elements in those games
Endüstri 4.0, İnovasyon ve Sürdürülebilir Şehirler: Yerel Yönetimler Açısından Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: YEŞİLDAL Ali
Published: January 2021

Son yıllarda endüstri 4.0 ya da dördüncü sanayi devrimi olarak anılan gelişme tüm dünyanın dikkatini çekmektedir. Teknolojik gelişmelerin hızlı ilerlemesi önceki sanayi devrimlerinde kilit rol oynamıştır. Bununla birlikte, dördüncü sanayi devrimi (Endüstri 4.0) ve gömülü teknoloji hızlı ilerlemesinin teknik değişim ve sosyoekonomik etki açısından katlanarak büyümesi beklenmektedir. Bu nedenle, bu tür bir dönüşümle başa çıkmak, sadece teknolojik olanları değil, yenilikçi ve sürdürülebilir sistem çözümlerini içeren bütüncül bir yaklaşım gerektiriyor.
Bilgi Yönetiminin İşletmelere Yenilik ve Rekabet Üstünlüğü Sağlaması
Authors: DURDU Ali , İPEK Emine
Published: January 2021

Günümüzde bilgi, hayatımızın en önemli faktörü olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Bilgiyi yönetebilmek için teknolojik gelişmelere ayak uydurabilmek gereklidir. Bilgi yönetimi, işletmelerde rekabet avantajı sağlamakta ve işletmelerin pazar değerini artırmaktadır. Ortaya çıkan fırsatları rakiplerden önce görebilmek ve bunun sonucunda elde edilen üstünlüğü uzun vadede sürdürebilmek bilgi yönetiminin belirleyici rolleri olarak görülmektedir. Çalışmada, bilgi, bilgi yönetimi kavramları incelenmiş, bilgi yönetiminin amaçları ve işletme için önemine değinilmiş, bilgi yönetiminin işletmeye sağladığı yenilik ve rekabet üstünlüğü ortaya koyulmuştur.
Method of single exposure phase contrast imaging without analyser grating
Authors: Yao Chun-Xia , He Qi-Li , Zhang Jin , Fu Tian-Yu , Wu Zhao , Wang Shan-Feng , Huang Wan-Xia , Yuan Qing-Xi , Liu Peng , Wang Yan , Zhang Kai ,   X-ray Optics and Technology Laboratory, Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,   University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,   National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
Published: January 2021

X-ray differential phase contrast imaging technology can reveal the weakly absorbing fine structure which cannot be observed by the conventional X-ray absorption contrast imaging. Hence, it has potential applications in many fields such as medical science, and material science. But in the traditional X-ray grating differential phase contrast imaging system, the analyser grating is used as a spatial filter, and needs to be phase stepped, then multiple exposures are required for information extraction. Thus this leads to high-dose radiation exposure and low efficiency of X-ray utilization. All these disadvantages limit its application in various disciplines. In order to cope with the above issues, a new algorithm based on single-shot grating differential phase contrast imaging system without analyzer grating is proposed. In such a system the absorption, refraction and scattering information can be obtained from one projective image of the sample acquired by a high-resolution detector. The reliability of this new algorithm is confirmed by numerical simulation. Compared with the phase stepping algorithm, the proposed algorithm can provide very accurate and reliable information extraction results without requiring the grating period to match with detector pixel size. It facilitates the reduction of the radiation damage to sample. We emphasize that this method is highly compatible with the future X-ray phase contrast imaging clinical applications.
Progress on hydrogen-rich superconductors under high pressure
Authors: Sun Ying , Liu Han-Yu , Ma Yan-Ming ,   State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China,   International Center for Computational Method and Software, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China,   International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
Published: January 2021

In recent years, hydrogen-rich compounds under extremely high pressure have become the hot target materials for high-temperature superconductors. At present, two landmark progresses have been made in this field. Covalent H3S hydrogen-rich superconductors (Tc = 200 K) and ionic hydrogen-rich superconductors with hydrogen-cage structure, such as LaH10 (Tc = 260 K, –13 ℃), YH6 and YH9, have been successively synthesized, setting a new record of superconducting temperature. These studies have given rise to the hope of discovering room-temperature superconductors in hydrogen-rich compounds under high pressure. This paper focuses on the progress of hydrogen-rich superconductors with high critical temperature under high pressure, discusses the physical mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity in hydrogen-rich compounds, provide an outlook on the possibility of discovering room-temperature superconductors in hydrogen-rich compounds in the future, and offer the candidate system for high superconductivity in multiple hydrogen-rich compounds.
Validity and Reliability of StriveTM Sense3 for Muscle Activity Monitoring During the Squat Exercise
Authors: Davarzani Samaneh , Helzer Daniel , Rivera Jennifer , Saucier David , Jo Edward , Burch V Reuben F. , Chander Harish , Strawderman Lesley , Ball John E. , Smith Brian K. , Luczak Tony , Ogden Logan , Crane Collin , Bollwinkel David , Bollwinkel David , Burgos Bill , Petway Adam
Published: January 2021

Background: Recent innovations in surface electromyographic (sEMG) technology have enabled the measurement of muscle activity using smart textiles. Objective: In this study, the StriveTM Sense3 performance monitoring system is evaluated against a research-grade system, NoraxonTM, in measuring activity during the back squat exercise. Method: Seventeen participants performed three total trials of the squat exercise with a progressive load for individual trials equal to 30%, 60%, and 80% of their estimated maximum 1RM (one-repetition maximum). sEMG measurements from the rectus femoris were captured for the left and right leg by both systems. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (r) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values were computed for each trial to assess concurrent validity and interrater reliability of the StriveTM Sense3 device. Additionally, five coaches at the collegiate- and professional-level of Men’s Basketball speak from an autoethnographic frame to the findings from this study. Results: Results ranged from “Poor” to “Excellent” validity and “Poor to Moderate” to “Excellent” reliability, with a majority of trials achieving “Good” or better results across all loads [93% trials: r >= 0.7; 87% trials: lower ICC 95% CI bound >= 0.75 (absolute sEMG); 98% trials: lower ICC 95% CI bound >= 0.75 (normalized sEMG)]. Higher validity and reliability for medium and heavy loads were observed in comparison to the light load, and several outliers indicate the need for coaches to lubricate sensors and ensure proper fit to collect accurate data. Conclusion: Examining results alongside practitioner feedback indicate the StriveTM Sense3 system is capable of tracking sEMG activity in comparison to a research-grade system.
A Preliminary Examination of Shoulder Joint Function Following Shoulder Complex Training and In-Season Play in Youth Baseball Players
Authors: Carlson Kevin M. , Tweedt Kayla , Strelecki Miranda , Malaby Ian , Seymour Collin
Published: January 2021

Background: As shoulder care continues to be a concern for youth baseball players, coaches, parents, researchers and clinicians, shoulder complex care should remain a point of emphasis especially for in overhead athletes. The impact of throwing volume and shoulder care is important for us to understand. Objective: The purpose was to examine the changes in shoulder complex function during a playing season combined with shoulder complex training in young male baseball players. Methods: Eleven male baseball players (11-15 y/o) served as subjects. Pre-testing included shoulder joint internal/external rotation peak torque and average work as measured with isokinetic dynamometry (Biodex System 4Pro). Training over the 18-week project duration was Crossover Symmetry “Activation” and “Strength” protocols completed per manufacturer recommendations. Adherence was tracked via a weekly email sent to the subject’s guardian to self-report completed training. Post-testing was conducted at the conclusion of the 18th week. Paired sample t-tests compared pre-test and post-test mean differences for peak torque and average power (p<0.05). Results: All-subject average for training was 54 sessions over the 18 weeks. Estimated number of throws completed during practice and games over the 18 weeks was 8,400. For both testing speeds and for both internal and external shoulder joint rotation, peak torque increases ranged from ~50% for external rotation at 60 deg/s up to ~200% for internal rotation at 120 deg/s. Statistical differences (p<0.001) were noted between all pre-test and post-test internal and external rotation peak torque values. For both testing speeds and for both internal and external shoulder joint rotation, average power increases ranged from ~38% at 60 deg/s for external rotation up to ~200% at 120 deg/s for internal rotation. Statistical differences (p<0.005) were noted between all pre-test and post-test internal and external rotation average power values. Conclusions: Substantial increases in shoulder joint rotation peak torques and power were seen across the 18-week study duration. As this was a preliminary investigation, we have yet to discern if these increases are due to the shoulder complex training or volume of throwing that was completed.
0D Nanocrystals as Light‐Driven, Localized Charge‐Injection Sources for the Contactless Manipulation of Atomically Thin 2D Materials
Authors: Ghini Michele , Yanev Emanuil Sashev , Kastl Christoph , Zhang Kehao , Jansons Adam W. , Crockett Brandon M. , Koskela Kristopher M. , Barnard Edward S. , Penzo Erika , Hutchison James E. , Robinson Joshua A. , Manna Liberato , Borys Nicholas J. , Schuck P. James , Kriegel Ilka
Published: January 2021

A contactless charge‐injection scheme that allows the local and quasi‐permanent manipulation of atomically thin 2D materials, such as monolayer (1L‐)MoS2, over spatial extents of several tens of micrometers, is reported. The possibility to precisely position and localize the charge‐injection source to the micrometer scale post‐fabrication allows the investigation of local unperturbed electronic structure of the 2D material. Thanks to this novel approach, the important impact of sample inhomogeneity on the charge‐carrier percolation that occurs over the entire extent of the 2D flake and proliferates up to 40 μm away from the localized charge injection is elucidated. The apparent driving force for carrier relocation is the initial inhomogeneous electronic landscape of the 2D material. These studies demonstrate that local and contactless charge injection with submicrometer precision delivers an alternative route for charge injection and indicates that local 2D material electronic structure can serve as a key element for novel nanoscale device design.
Experimental and simulation study of the temperature distribution in a bench‐scale fixed bed Fischer–Tropsch reactor
Authors: Shen Jianqi , Li Yun‐Chao , Ho Wei H. , Liu Xinying , Hildebrandt Diane
Published: January 2021

The temperature distribution in a bench‐scale fixed bed Fischer–Tropsch reactor using Co‐based catalyst was investigated under conditions of 2 MPa and 458 K at various syngas partial pressures and space velocities. The single‐tube reactor had a diameter of 0.05 m, which is representative of the diameters used in industrial applications. With a special designed temperature measurement, the detailed temperature distribution in a bench‐scale reactor was reported for the first time. The changes of maximum temperature in the bed and hot spot region were discussed at different N2 flow rate and gas hourly space velocity. A 2D pseudo‐homogeneous fixed bed reactor model was developed using ANSYS Fluent. A position‐dependent heat‐transfer coefficient, which considered more accurate in temperature prediction, was applied. The model was validated against both the reaction results and the measured temperatures. The inferred properties within the reactor were analyzed to give insight as to how to increase the reactor production capacity.
Transition from periodic to chaotic AC electroosmotic flows near electric double layer
Authors: Hu Zhongyan , Zhao Tianyun , Zhao Wei , Yang Fang , Wang Hongxun , Wang Kaige , Bai Jintao , Wang Guiren
Published: January 2021

Electroosmotic flows (EOFs) on insulated interfacial surface commonly exists as interfacial flows. Previously theoretical studies indicate that EOFs of Newtonian fluids on the insulated interfacial surface are steady in microchannels with symmetric zeta potentials (Suresh and Homsy, Physics of Fluids, 2004, 16, 2,349). Restricted by flow diagnostic methods in microfluidics, few velocity measurements of instantaneous EOFs have been reported, and the existence of unsteady EOFs on the insulated surface remains unclear. In this investigation, the velocity fluctuations of EOFs generated under AC electric field (named as ACFEOF) overlapped on a steady pressure‐driven flow are measured by laser induced fluorescence photobleaching anemometer, at the diffuse electric double layer (EDL) on the bottom wall far from electrodes. Chaotic velocity fluctuations according to unsteady ACFEOF has been, for the first time, observed. Stokes number (St) and electrical Reynolds number (ReE) related to oscillation and electro‐inertial effect are suggested to control chaotic ACFEOF.
Population responses to a historic drought across the range of the common monkeyflower (Mimulus guttatus)
Authors: Kooyers Nicholas J. , Morioka Kelsie A. , Colicchio Jack M. , Clark Kaitlyn S. , Donofrio Abigail , Estill Shayne K. , Pascualy Catalina R. , Anderson Ian C. , Hagler Megan , Cho Chloe , Blackman Benjamin K.
Published: January 2021

PREMISE

Due to climate change, more frequent and intense periodic droughts are predicted to increasingly pose major challenges to the persistence of plant populations. When a severe drought occurs over a broad geographical region, independent responses by individual populations provide replicated natural experiments for examining the evolution of drought resistance and the potential for evolutionary rescue.

METHODS

We used a resurrection approach to examine trait evolution in populations of the common monkeyflower, Mimulus guttatus, exposed to a record drought in California from 2011 to 2017. Specifically, we compared variation in traits related to drought escape and avoidance from seeds collected from 37 populations pre‐ and post‐drought in a common garden. In a parallel experiment, we evaluated fitness in two populations, one which thrived and one which was nearly extirpated during the drought, under well‐watered and dry‐down conditions.

RESULTS

We observed substantial variation among populations in trait evolution. In the subset of populations where phenotypes changed significantly, divergence proceeded along trait correlations with some populations flowering rapidly with less vegetative tissue accumulation and others delaying flowering with greater vegetative tissue accumulation. The degree of trait evolution was only weakly correlated with drought intensity but strongly correlated with initial levels of standing variation. Fitness was higher in the post‐drought than pre‐drought accessions in both treatments for the thriving population, but lower in both treatments for the nearly extirpated population.

CONCLUSIONS

Together, our results indicate that evolutionary responses to drought are context dependent and reflect the standing genetic variation and genetic correlations present within populations.
AlCl3‐Saturated Ionic Liquid Anolyte with an Excess of AlCl3 for Al–Graphite Dual‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Shutao , Kovalenko Maksym V. , Kravchyk Kostiantyn V.
Published: January 2021

Al–graphite dual‐ion batteries (AGDIBs) represent a compelling battery concept for large‐scale stationary storage of electricity in view of their safety, low cost, long cycling life, and high energy efficiency (80–90 %). However, at present, the deployment of AGDIBs is intrinsically limited by their low cell‐level energy density as a result of the non‐rocking‐chair operation principle and, consequently, the need for large quantities of acidic chloroaluminate ionic liquid (IL) anolytes as a reservoir of Al2Cl7− ions required for AGDIB operation. Thus far, AGDIBs have commonly employed IL anolytes with moderate acidity (AlCl3/Lewis base molar ratio of 1.3), which corresponds to charge‐storage anolyte capacity of ca. 19 mAh g−1, eventually resulting in low cell‐level energy densities of 20–30 Wh kg−1. In this work, we present an AGDIB utilizing an AlCl3‐saturated IL anolyte, containing an excess of AlCl3 powder for maintaining constant acidity during operation, leading to a theoretical capacity of 52 mAh g−1. The resultant AGDIB possesses an energy density of 59.1 Wh kg−1, along with a high energy efficiency of 85 % and an average discharge voltage of 1.71 V.
Consumption on steroids: The effect of testosterone on preferences for conspicuous consumption and the moderating role of intrasexual competition
Authors: Nepomuceno Marcelo Vinhal , Stenstrom Eric
Published: January 2021

In line with recent research suggesting that testosterone may only be related to decisions under specific conditions, we show that testosterone is associated with conspicuous consumption only when intrasexual competition is high. In three studies, we provide empirical evidence that prenatal and circulating testosterone are only related to conspicuous consumption when intrasexual competition is high. These findings are in line with recent literature that posits that testosterone is only related to particular decisions or behavior when status is at stake. In Study 1, we find that masculinized digit ratios (an indicator of high prenatal testosterone exposure) are only related to greater conspicuous consumption preferences for men that score high on an intrasexual competitiveness trait measure. In Study 2, we find that masculinized digit ratios are associated with greater conspicuous consumption preferences, but only among men who are primed with an intrasexual competition recall task. Finally, the purpose of Study 3 was to test if similar effects held when measuring circulating testosterone. We show that baseline levels of circulating testosterone are associated with greater conspicuous consumption preferences, but only after men are primed with intrasexual competition. Overall, we identify intrasexual competition as a crucial precondition for relationships between testosterone (prenatal and circulating) and conspicuous consumption to emerge. We argue that men with masculinized digit ratios and men with high circulating testosterone may be more likely to choose conspicuous products as a status‐signaling strategy in the mating market if they are inherently intrasexually competitive or when they encounter an intrasexually competitive situation.