bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Family Socioeconomic Status and Online Education Usage: a Data Analysis Based on K-12 Students
Authors: Chen Anqi
Published: November 2024

In this study, we explore how socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with engagement in online education among K-12 students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on data from the 2022 Programme of International Student Assessment, a regression analysis was used to examine the effect of household income, parental education and technology access on students’ online learning engagement. SES factors explain 48% of the variance in the dependent internet use variable, access to computer (β =0.42) and household income(β=0.55) are statistically significant predictors. Students from higher-SES families showed substantially greater engagement scores (mean = 5.4), than did students from lower-SES families (mean = 3.1, p <0.001). The study finds that reducing this digital divide is essential for mitigating educational inequalities and recommends targeted policy interventions such as affordable access to the internet, as well as increased parental support.
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Kampung Serab Kelurahan Tirtajaya Melalui Konservasi Tanaman Obat Keluarga (TOGA) untuk Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan dan Kesehatan
Authors: Rismawan Diesty , Raina Azka Vania , Zahra Festiani Fadhira , Khairunisa Renalda Friska , Rachmat Zulkiefli Arizal , Yuwanda Alhara
Published: November 2024

Program pemberdayaan masyarakat Kampung Serab melalui konservasi tanaman obat keluarga (TOGA) dilaksanakan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran dan keterampilan masyarakat dalam memanfaatkan tanaman obat sebagai sumber kesehatan dan potensi ekonomi. TOGA memiliki peran penting dalam pengobatan tradisional dan industri herbal sederhana, namun pemanfaatannya di Kampung Serab masih terbatas. Program ini bertujuan membekali masyarakat dengan pengetahuan budidaya, teknik pengolahan menjadi simplicia, serta manfaat tiap jenis tanaman untuk kesehatan. Metode kegiatan ini meliputi survei untuk mengidentifikasi jenis TOGA yang dikenal oleh masyarakat dan kondisi lahan yang tersedia, kajian literatur untuk mendalami manfaat TOGA, perizinan ke kelurahan, serta koordinasi penggunaan lahan fasilitas umum sebagai area penanaman. Kegiatan dilanjutkan dengan penanaman bersama masyarakat dan penyuluhan mengenai perawatan tanaman dan pengolahan TOGA. Modul "Menanam TOGA di Pekarangan" juga dibagikan sebagai panduan praktis agar masyarakat dapat melanjutkan penanaman secara mandiri di pekarangan rumah. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan antusiasme masyarakat dalam mengikuti program ini dan meningkatnya keterampilan mereka dalam mengelola TOGA. Pengetahuan yang diperoleh, ditambah dengan panduan modul, memungkinkan masyarakat Kampung Serab untuk mengelola TOGA sebagai usaha herbal lokal yang berkelanjutan. Kesimpulannya, program ini berhasil meningkatkan kemandirian masyarakat dalam bidang kesehatan dan membuka peluang ekonomi melalui industri herbal, yang diharapkan dapat berkembang dan menjadi inspirasi bagi wilayah lain.
Penerapan Struktur Biaya Lingkungan : Analisis Kasus Pada Rumah Sakit Islam Banjarmasin
Authors: Riyadi Padlah , Bakri Noor Fatmawati Bakri Noor
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap kegiatan pengelolaan sampah dan biaya lingkungan dari pelaporan biaya lingkungan di Rumah Sakit Islam Banjarmasin. Peneliti ini menggunakan paradigma kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus. Ruang lingkup penelitian adalah Unit Sanitasi Kesehatan Lingkungan dengan proses akuntansi pengelolaan lingkungan, fokus data pengelolaan limbah rumah sakit, dan pengeluaran biaya limbah. Data primer dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan pengamatan mendalam; data sekunder, melalui dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa sistem akuntansi pengelolaan lingkungan pada tahun 2019 dan 2020 menemukan biaya lingkungan yang tersembunyi dari laporan biaya pengelolaan limbah dalam Laporan Keuangan. Misalnya, laporan biaya lingkungan yang diterapkan pada Unit SKL mengungkapkan Rp 677.646.500 dan Rp 459.521.600 yang tidak disajikan sebagai biaya lingkungan pada tahun 2019 dan 2020. Penerapan akuntansi biaya lingkungan melalui pelaporan biaya lingkungan di Rumah Sakit Islam Banjarmasin mengungkapkan bahwa laporan khusus dalam akuntansi manajemen lingkungan dapat dijadikan informasi oleh manajemen Rumah Sakit Islam Banjarmasin dalam merencanakan dan mengendalikan kegiatan tanggung jawab lingkungan. Hasil penelitian juga mengungkapkan bahwa laporan biaya lingkungan memfasilitasi arahan Rumah Sakit Islam Banjarmasin dalam mengambil keputusan terkait biaya lingkungan dan memberikan informasi kepada para pemangku kepentingan bahwa rumah sakit telah bertanggung jawab untuk menjaga kesehatan lingkungan
Simulation of Quadcopter Flying Electric Vehicle Chassis
Authors: Hadi Susilo Sugeng , Kurniawan Kurniawan , Yudiyanto Eko , Indra Kurniawan Bakti
Published: November 2024

The increase in population means that the need for transportation is also increasing, causing more or less air pollution. Besides that, fuel oil is also a non-renewable natural resource. Oil fuel comes from plants and animals that have been dead for millions of years
which have become fossils and which have been formed for a very long time  automatically become expensive. Therefore, people need vehicles that have many  advantages, including environmentally friendly, do not produce air pollution, do not produce noise, avoid traffic jams, and are easy to maintain. Flying electric vehicles are the right choice to overcome this problem. Electric car is a car driven by an electric motor that uses electric power stored in a battery. One of the advantages is that the engine construction is simpler compared to combustion engines which have so many components because there is combustion in the engine. Electric vehicles certainly need a chassis. The chassis that will be used is a tubular chassis type using fiberglass. The aim of this research focuses on planning electric flying vehicles, more precisely on static simulation of chassis design. The results of this research can be used as consideration for designing the chassis structure of flying electric vehicles. This research is expected to be the beginning of the development of an electric quadcopter flying vehicle chassis.
Effect of Different Octane Number on Power and Specific Fuel Consumption in Gasoline Compression Ignition Engine
Authors: Fernanda Mohammad Adam , Irawan Bambang
Published: November 2024

Internal combustion motors are a type of engine used as the main source of power for transportation equipment. This engine functions to convert heat energy into kinetic or motion energy. Compression ignition (CI) utilizes the increase in temperature and pressure during compression to ignite the fuel. The octane number or research octane number (RON) indicates the maximum pressure that can be received before gasoline burns itself. A lower octane number increases the likelihood of detonation of the fuel. Gasoline with a higher octane number is basically designed to prevent premature ignition or auto ignition of the gasoline in the engine. This research focuses on the power and specific fuel consumption of gasoline compression ignition engine at each variation in fuel octane number and engine speed. The fuel used is a mixture of 94% gasoline and 6% diesel fuel. The highest average power results at an engine speed of 1900rpm from 90, 92 and 95 octane fuel respectively are 0.475 kW, 0.728 kW and 0.764 kW. The average results of specific fuel consumption at 1900 engine revolutions were obtained for fuel with octane numbers of 90, 92, and 95 respectively at 0.92 L/kWh, 0.91 L/kWh, and 0.65 L/kWh.
Analisis Perbandingan Cepat Rambat Pembakaran Propellant Dengan Variasi Bahan (Aamonium Perklorat /Aluminium/Epoxy) Dan Tekanan
Authors: Hidayat Teguh Rakhmat , Whidiyanto Purwo , Maryono Maryono , Mangililo Richard Costantin , Zai Andy Saputra
Published: November 2024

In this research, a comparative analysis of propellant combustion speed was carried out with variations in AP/Al/Epoxy materials and pressure variations. The higher the pressure, the greater the speed of combustion. Based on the results of the research, the relationship between the air pressure provided is directly proportional to the combustion speed and the mass flow rate of the propellant. The greater the pressure applied, the higher the combustion speed and propellant mass flow rate. The best performance is found in propellant B with a value of n = 0.44. A constant value close to 0 (zero) indicates a much more sensitive level of propellant sensitivity. The resulting mass flow rate at an initial atmospheric pressure of 0.332 gr/s and at an initial pressure of 5 bar is 0.791 gr/s
ESP 8266-BASED CAR BATTERY CURRENT And VOLTAGE MONITORING DESIGN
Authors: Reynaldo  , Winoko Yuniarto Agus
Published: November 2024

Fluctuations in engine speed can make motorists unaware of the actual battery voltage and current, even though the battery voltage should be above 85% of the maximum voltage. Typically, the battery voltage for petrol engines is around 12.5 Volts in order to function properly. This study aims to calculate the changes in current and voltage at various loads when the engine rotation is at 1000, 1500, 2500, 3000, 3500, and 4000 rpm. Measurements were made using the ESP8266 microcontroller and compared with measurements using a multimeter. Data was taken by measuring the current and voltage of the battery when the engine was loaded by AC, audio, and lights. The test results show that the voltage measured with a multimeter tends to be higher than that measured with a smartphone. The voltage measured by the multimeter increased from 1000 to 2000 Rpm, decreased at 2500 Rpm, and increased again up to 4000 Rpm. When measured with a smartphone, the voltage tends to be stable from 1500 to 3000 Rpm, and then increases at 3500 and 4000 Rpm. The charging system shows an increase in fulfilled electricity demand at each revolution.
Optimization of Injection Molding Temperature and Pressure on the Quality of Polypropylene Cutting Board
Authors: Hadi Susilo Sugeng , Luhur Prabangkara Ramadhana
Published: November 2024

This study delves into the optimization of polypropylene cutting board production through injection molding. Polypropylene, derived from propylene monomers, serves as the primary material. The injection molding process often leads to flash defects due to inadequate temperature and pressure settings. The research aims to discern the individual and interactive effects of temperature and injection pressure on the weight and surface area of the cutting boards. Experimental variations encompass temperature levels of 165°C to 175°C and injection pressures ranging from 25 Psi to 35 Psi. Data collection employs experimental methods, and analysis utilizes factorial and RSM approaches. Findings reveal that the lightest cutting boards result from the lowest temperature (165°C) and injection pressure (25 Psi), with an average weight of 105.6009 grams and a surface area of 21,158.3333 mm². In conclusion, both temperature and injection pressure significantly influence the weight and surface area of polypropylene cutting boards, providing valuable insights for enhanced manufacturing processes.
Analysis Of Hardening Products And Micro Structure Of Steel With Carbon Equivalent Variations And Cooling Oil Viscosity
Authors: Listiyono Listiyono , Subagijo Subagijo , Hadi susilo Sugeng
Published: November 2024

Heat Treament process has experiencing progress driven by improvements in science and technology. The heat treatment process has the aim to form the properties of metals with different work to be achieved in accordance with the objectives being made, heat treatment can also be used to change certain useful properties or for specific purposes for manufacture, such as: escalating machine ability characteristic, restoring the elasticity after cold work operations. The Purpose of the study to determine the effect of carbon equivalent and viscosity of cooling oil on the microstructure and hardness of steel in the hardening process. The method of the study is by doing a hardening process on the specimen with the temperature according to the thickness and composition of specimen. Then the cooling process is done using SAE 10 oil, SAE 40 oil, and SAE 90 oil. Then micro photo testing and hardness test are done with Vickers. The results of the study are,
the carbon equivalent equivalent to violence results in a carbon equivalent value that has a significant effect on response because the P-value is smaller than alpha (P-value <α). On the influence of the cool oil viscosity to the hardness, the oil viscosity results have a significant effect on the response because the P-value is smaller than alpha (P-value <α). Whereas the interaction between variations in carbon equivalent and the viscosity of the coolant oil does not significantly influence the response because the P-value is greater than alpha (P-value> α). For the highest average hardness value on VCN 150 using SAE 10 oil at 486.5 HV and the lowest using SAE 40 oil at 450.7 HV, while on S45C steel the highest hardness using SAE 10 oil at 276.5 HV and the lowest hardness using SAE 40 oil is 249.7 HV. In the analysis of micro carbon equivalent structure and oil viscosity which has the highest average hardness value because it has a dominant martensitic structure.
Whereas specimens that have ferrite structure still dominate compared to martensite which have the lowest mean hardness value.
Hibiscus: A Multipurpose Medicinal Plant
Authors: Chelsea Tabot-Njang Eta
Published: November 2024

The continent of Africa made up of numerous countries of which Cameroon is part, is naturally endowed with several plant species which have nutritional and medicinal benefits [1] Hibiscus being one of them. The genus Hibiscus consists of about 300 species that are grown throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world [2] such as Hibiscus syriacus, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, just to name a few. The various species of this plant grow in different climatic zones and all provide diverse medicinal or therapeutic benefits for the population in these areas in which they thrive. This is because they contain various ingredients or components such as fruit acids [3], antioxidants [4] and polyphenolic compounds [5]. These substances have positive effects in the treatment of ailments as the term “medicinal” implies, which simply means they posess healing properties.
Do We Need a Relaparotomy to Remove the Perihepatic Packs Used to Control Bleeding? Case Series
Authors: Abeysinghe AHMGB  , Wickramasinghe M.D.R.K  , Gunawardana P.L  , Abeysinghe AHMCD
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Liver injuries, often resulting from trauma, present a significant challenge in surgical management. Perihepatic packing has emerged as a critical technique in controlling bleeding and stabilising patients with severe liver injuries. This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of perihepatic packing and removing packs without relaparotomy in a cohort of eleven patients treated over two years.Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 11 patients with liver injuries identified at laparotomy at General Hospital Kuliyapitiya from May 2020 to June 2022. Excluded were patients who managed without packing. Data were collected from operating theatre records and medical charts, including age, sex, injury mechanism, vital signs, FAST scan results, intraoperative findings, estimated blood loss, blood transfused in the first 24 hours, associated injuries, liver complications, time to pack removal, and incidence of rebleeding.Perihepatic packing has been used for persistent hepatic haemorrhage post-suturing, unsaturable injuries, and hemodynamically unstable patients. Packs have been brought outside the abdomen through a separate incision and sutured to each other if multiple packs were used. A G28 intercostal tube has placed for drainage. Packs have been removed between 48 and 72 hours. The drain has kept for more than 48 hours post-removal to monitor rebleeding. In cases of uncontrollable haemorrhage during pack removal, plans included reopening and repacking if necessary.Results: The study included eleven patients aged 24 to 74 years, with three female patients. The causes of liver injuries were identified as follows: road traffic accidents (63.6%), assault (18.2%), stab injuries (9.1%), and falls from height (9.1%). Pre-operative ultrasound correctly identified liver injuries in 54.6% of patients. Intraoperative findings showed right liver lobe involvement in 63.6% of cases, bilobar involvement in 27.3%, and left lobe involvement in 9.1%. Additionally, 63.6% of patients had other organ injuries. The timing of pack removal was within 48 hours for seven patients (63.6%) and within 48-72 hours for the remaining patients. Drains were removed on the fifth day in 54.50% of patients and on the sixth day in the rest. There were no cases of rebleeding and post of complications were able to be managed conservatively. There was one death with sepsis and multi organ disfunction.Conclusion: Perihepatic packing is a valuable technique in the management of liver injuries, demonstrating high efficacy in controlling haemorrhage and low complication rates. Removal of the pack through the pre-placed incision avoids the relaparotomy and thereby reduces the second trauma to the patient. Further studies with larger cohorts are recommended to validate these findings.
Factors Affecting the Exports of Pakistan to United Arab Emirates: A Time Series Analysis
Authors: Mansab Tauseef , Karim Sajid
Published: November 2024

The UAE is one of Pakistan's largest trading partners in the Middle East region. The trade between the two countries is characterized by a significant volume of imports and exports and substantial investment flows. The research goal was to analyze the factors affecting Pakistan's exports to the United Arab Emirates. Various variables were chosen, and time series data from 1975 to 2022 was used for the analysis. Information on these indicators was sourced from the World Bank, the Federal Bureau of Statistics in Islamabad, Pakistan, the State Bank of Pakistan, the Pakistan Economic Survey, International Financial Statistics, and the International Monetary Fund. For this purpose, the Pooled OLS model was used to estimate the impact of different factors. According to the results of the study for determining the factors of exports of Pakistan to United Arab Emirates, The GDP of both Pakistan and the UAE, along with the inflation rate in Pakistan and the exchange rate in Pakistan, are significant predictors for the dependent variable. The effects of population in both countries and inflation in UAE are not statistically significant, indicating that they may not be as crucial for understanding the variation in the dependent variable. As such, any policy or strategy should focus on the significant variables for effective outcomes.
Human Development Remittances and Economic Growth: An Evidence from Selected Developing Countries
Authors: Kousar Tahmina , Nisar Uzma
Published: November 2024

This study aims to explore the influence of human development and remittances on the economic growth of eight developing nations spanning from 2000 to 2020. The primary findings of this research reveal a significant and positive relationship between human development and the economic advancement of these developing countries. Descriptive statistics were employed to elucidate the characteristics of the data variables, providing insights into the various factors related to human development, remittances, and economic growth. The results underscored the noteworthy and positive impact of remittances on the GDP of these nations. However, Govt. expenditure on education has an insignificant and negative effect on GDP. Similarly, GDP is negatively affected by inflation. However, foreign direct investment (FDI) significantly and positively affected the GDP whereas the exchange rate shows a negative and significant effect on GDP. Like, the population has a positive and extremely significant impact on GDP. Primary and secondary school enrolment has a positive and significant impact on GDP. Similarly, tertiary school enrolment has also high impact on GDP. Brazil has higher economic growth from selected developing countries followed by Thailand whereas Egypt and Pakistan receive the maximum amount of remittance among selected developing countries. Similarly, Brazil has a maximum expenditure on education (>6% of GDP) whereas Pakistan has a minimum amount on education (about 2.5% of GDP). Nepal has the maximum primary enrolment (> 140% gross), Thailand has the maximum secondary enrolment and Brazil has the maximum tertiary enrolment while Pakistan has the lowest primary and secondary enrolment.
Impact of Adoption of Advanced Agricultural Technologies on Farmer’s Income: Evidence from Central Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Sarfaraz Khizra , Javed Iqbal
Published: November 2024

Technology has significantly enhanced farmers' lives, primarily by facilitating access to market information, thereby mitigating the exploitation of farmers. Over the past century, farming methods and techniques have undergone numerous advancements and considerable changes. The main objective of the current research was to estimate the effect of farmer's socioeconomic characteristics and advanced technological adoption on farmer's income. For this purpose, Sargodha District was selected, and data collection involved conducting a survey. A well-structured questionnaire was distributed among 200 farmers across 6 Tehsils in the district of Sargodha. The study utilized an econometric model of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), opting for a linear function to minimize the sum of squares of differences among observed values. According to the results of the study, there is a positive relationship between the adoption of advanced technology and agricultural income. It underscores the pivotal role that governments and agricultural welfare organizations should play a key role in technological advancement in agriculture. Increasing education can enhance the technology adoption process, while a necessary sensitization campaign is essential to facilitate the transition from traditional techniques to advanced techniques.
Emotional Intelligence and Clinical Performance in Psychiatric Nursing Students
Authors: Ycaza Sherwin
Published: November 2024

Emotional Intelligence (EI) has gained considerable attention in nursing due to its positive effects on nurses' well-being and its beneficial impact on patients and families. Emotional intelligence involves understanding and managing one's own emotions and the emotions of others, which is crucial for nurses who build relationships with patients, families, and healthcare team members. Despite the recognised importance of emotional intelligence, non-academic factors like emotional intelligence are rarely considered in nursing program admissions, with GPA being the primary indicator of academic performance. Given the limited studies on emotional intelligence and academic performance in the Philippines, this study aimed to determine the relationship between nursing students' emotional intelligence and their psychiatric nursing clinical practice performance. This study employed a descriptive correlational design and included a substantial sample of 173 fourth-year nursing students who completed their psychiatric nursing clinical practice and were enrolled in the academic year 2017. Total population sampling was utilised, ensuring a comprehensive representation of the student population. The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (Pearson-r) was used to determine the correlation between emotional intelligence and clinical performance. The results, based on these methods, indicated that all respondents had moderate to high levels of emotional intelligence. Nearly half of the respondents achieved a satisfactory grade, with the majority having average to satisfactory performance. Female respondents had slightly higher grades than male respondents, and there was a significant difference in performance based on the respondents' school but not their age. Importantly, there was no significant correlation between emotional intelligence and clinical performance in psychiatric nursing, a finding that was consistent with the literature. This insight is valuable for educators and curriculum developers, as it underscores the need to consider a broader range of factors beyond academic performance in nursing education. It also highlights the importance of providing support and resources to enhance students' emotional intelligence skills. Further research is recommended to explore the role of emotional intelligence in nursing education and consider additional factors that may influence academic and clinical performance.
The Effect of Bilateral Range of Motion (ROM) on Increasing Upper Arm Muscle Strength in Stroke Patients
Authors: Yogi Febriana Niken Nita , Akbar Roby Rahmadi
Published: November 2024

Introduction: In cases of stroke, there are several clinical manifestations, one of which is muscle weakness or hemiparesis. A rehabilitation program used to improve patient mobility involves exercise activities. Exercise therapy, such as range of motion (ROM) exercises, involves joint movements through their entire range in all appropriate directions. Objectives: This study aims to determine the effect of bilateral ROM on the improvement of upper limb muscle strength in stroke patients. Methods: This study employed a quantitative research design known as a one-group pre-test and post-test design. Twenty-four respondents were selected using purposive sampling technique at Dr. Sitanala Hospital, Tangerang. Data collection involved two instruments: Bilateral ROM Checklist and Muscle Strength Value Guide. Prior to intervention, respondents underwent muscle strength assessment. Following the intervention, on the fifth day, researchers conducted a post-test by re-measuring muscle strength. Data analysis utilized the paired t-test. Statistical analysis using the dependent t-test (Paired simple t-test) revealed that out of 24 respondents, the mean pre-test score was ± 3.38, and the mean post-test score was ± 4.50. Statistical results yielded a p-value of 0.000 (α < 0.05), suggesting a significant effect of Bilateral Range of Motion (ROM) on muscle strength improvement. Results: There is a significant effect of Range of Motion (ROM) on muscle strength improvement in stroke patients. This study demonstrated that it took 5 days to increase muscle strength from a pre-intervention mean of 3.38 to 4.50 post-intervention. Conclusion: Range of Motion can increase muscle strength in stroke patients, it can be used as an adjunct to nonpharmacological therapy.
Gun Jumping in Selected SEE Countries – an Obvious Risk in M&A Transactions
Authors:   Odvjetničko društvo Bardek, Lisac, Zrno Prošić Marija , Radovanović Raško ,   Petrikic & Partneri, Kordić Robert ,   CMS Reich-Rohrwig Hainz
Published: November 2024

Gun jumping is a term which describes the premature realization of a merger before obtaining a merger clearance from the relevant competition authorities. In the last years, the European Commission and national competition authorities have demonstrated an increased interest in investigating and punishing gun jumping cases. Recognizing this interest and the need for practical guidance, the article first gives an overview of gun-jumping evolution through case law. It then points to different merger filing thresholds in the region, and implications they could have for gun-jumping issues, to show that despite the commercial and historical common ground in the region, merger filing thresholds do differ significantly between the countries, in a way which requires a cautious and sometimes challenging structuring of M&A activities with regional reach. Based upon an overview of individual gunjumping cases in the region, but taking into account the EU precedents, the article provides recommendations how to avoid gun-jumping risks.
The Concept of Sustainability in EU Competition Law: A Legal Realist Perspective
Authors:   University of Strathclyde, Andriychuk Oles
Published: November 2024

This article explores the role of sustainability in EU competition law from the perspective of the theory of legal realism. It addresses the issue by analysing three interrelated themes. It first outlines the main normative and methodological arguments of the protagonists and the opponents of a more societally engaged account of competition policy. Such an account pleads for a more permissive interpretation of competition rules. Secondly, it develops an account of competition law, basing on the premises of the legal realist tradition, adjusting legal realism to the needs and specificities of our field and our time, and submitting that this legal philosophical theory is well-suited for capturing the present discussion. Finally, it projects this jurisprudential theory of legal realism to an applied dimension, offering an outline of the central theoretical issue of a more societally inclusive EU competition policy: the issue of balancing incommensurable values.
Energy Transition Enhanced by the European Green Deal – How National Competition Authorities Should Tackle This Challenge in Central and Eastern Europe?
Authors:   University of Warsaw, Kamiński Marcin
Published: November 2024

The European Green Deal (EGD) provides very ambitious policy goals, particularly related to energy transition and decarbonisation. Competition law also plays a role in the accomplishment of the objectives set in the European Green Deal. While many National Competition Authorities (NCAs) have already issued relevant acts and taken significant actions regarding practices related to the EGD, the NCAs from Central and Eastern Europe (CCE) have not yet instituted any initial actions towards this policy. This article proposes relevant institutional actions which may be used by NCAs in the CEE region given the current situation in their national energy markets, energy mixes as well as existing endeavours.
Non-Economic Activities with Economic Features: the Speciality of ‘Hybrid’ Social Security systems. Case Comment to the Judgment of the EU Court of Justice of 11 June 2020 European Commission and Slovak Republic v Dôvera zdravotná poist’ovňa (Joined cases C-262/18P and C-271/18P)
Authors:   Faculty of Law, University of Porto, Aldescu Elena , Neves Inês ,   Faculty of Law, University of Porto
Published: November 2024

Following two appeals against a judgment of the General Court regarding the qualification of a series of measures of financial support as State aid(s), the Court of Justice clarifies that secondary and ancillary competitive elements within a social security system, and the presence of for-profit operators, are not such as to override the non-economic nature of the activities concerned. Therefore, should the characteristics derived from the principle of solidarity prevail, the recipient of the measures will not qualify as an ‘undertaking’, for the purposes of State aid rules.
Protection of Consumers in the Sphere of an Air Carrier’s Responsibility in the Event of a Flight Cancellation Due To a Strike of the Air Carrier’s Employees. Case Comment to the Judgment of the EU Court of Justice of 23 March 2021 Airhelp (C-28/20)
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warszawski, Wydział Prawa i Administracji, Banasiński Cezary
Published: November 2024

The case annotation discusses consumer protection in the sphere of an air carrier’s liability for damages arising from a strike of its pilots, which was treated by the carrier as an extraordinary circumstance exempting the carrier from the obligation to pay compensation in the event of a flight cancellation. The Court of Justice interpreted the definition of ‘extraordinary circumstances’, both ‘internal’ and ‘external’ to the activity of the operating carrier, as the premise obliging or releasing the carrier from its liability.
Productivity and Competitiveness of the Agricultural Sector in Poland
Authors:   Institute for Financial Research and Analyses, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow,, Rodzinka Jacek , Skica Tomasz ,   Institute for Financial Research and Analyses, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Pomianek Tadeusz ,   University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow: Department of Management
Published: November 2024

This article attempts to assess the productivity and competitiveness of the agricultural sector in Poland. The data used in the article were provided by Polish FADN (Farm Accountancy Data Network) and the Central Statistical Office, which makes them a representative and reliable source of information on agriculture in Poland. Studies have shown that the agricultural sector in Poland is characterised by low productivity, especially of small and medium-sized farms prevailing in Poland, as well as low internal competitiveness measured by the share of the national agricultural sector in generating GDP. Studies have shown, on the other hand, that the situation of the sector is relatively well presented in terms of the external competitiveness represented by its share in exports.
How Much May an Unreasonable Delay Cost? TAR Lazio Annuls the Highest Sanction Ever Issued by the Italian Competition Authority
Authors:   University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Mazur Zofia M. , Scimeca Elisa Luna ,   Gianni & Origoni – Antitrust & Regulatory Department, Rome
Published: November 2024

The present contribution describes and comments on recent ruling(s) issued by the Italian Regional Administrative Court of Lazio Region (TAR Lazio) which annuls the highest sanction ever imposed by the Italian Competition Authority (AGCM) for the breach of competition law. The Court found that the AGCM’s final decision vitiated on both procedural and substantive grounds. The TAR Lazio held that the Competition Authority violated the principle of ‘reasonable length of proceedings’ by deferring the initiation of the investigation without valid justification. For this reason, in the last part of the contribution, the authors briefly analyse the possible consequences of the unjustified delays in the administrative proceedings on the final rulings.
La sostenibilidad como valor de marca en la publicidad automotriz de España
Authors: Bonales-Daimiel Gema , Giraldo-Dávila Andrés , Gil-Jerez Margarita
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Climate change and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) have driven companies, including the automotive industry, to embrace sustainability as a fundamental part of their communication strategy.
Purpose: The main objective of this study is to analyze sustainability as a brand value in digital advertising in the Spanish automotive industry. Methodology: This research follows a triangular methodology combining interviews, surveys, and analysis of advertising content to explore how experts and consumers perceive this trend, considering their gender and age.
Findings: The result of this work shows that sustainability is increasingly influencing purchasing decisions, but there is a disconnect between what advertising conveys and what users value. Brands still prioritize design and price over sustainability, having to progressively adjust their messaging to better reflect the ecological and social concerns that audiences have.
Originality/value: The contribution focuses on two paths: firstly, to fill an academic gap in terms of studies focused on the specific communication actions carried out by the automotive sector in Spain, and secondly, to demonstrate that sustainability has not entered as a brand value that forces higher sales.
Taste Neophobia, Latent Inhibition of Taste Aversion and Object Recognition Memory in Adolescent Rats
Authors: Gámiz Fernando , Expósito Alejandro N. , Vázquez-Agredos Ana , Menchén Sergio , Gallo Milagros
Published: November 2024

Background: :
Adolescence in mammals is a period marked by increased novelty-seeking and enhanced responsiveness to the stressful properties of novel stimuli. Despite the need to taste potentially toxic novel foods during the adolescent growth spurt, there has been little study of taste neophobia and its attenuation.

Method: :
Four experiments were carried out to compare taste neophobia and related memory processes in male and female adolescent (PND28) and adult (PND70) Wistar rats. Experiments 1 and 2 evaluated attenuation of taste neophobia to cider vinegar (3%) and sodium saccharin (0.1%) solutions were evaluated. Additionally, to test the role of memory in neophobia during adolescence, latent inhibition of taste aversion and object recognition memory were assessed in Experiment 3 and Experiment 4, respectively.

Results: :
Adolescent and adult rats exhibited taste neophobia to the saccharin solution but adolescent rats required more exposure trials than adults to recognize the vinegar solution as safe. Both groups exhibited similar latent inhibition of taste aversion and object recognition memory. No sex effect was significant.

Conclusions: :
Contrary to the accepted view associating adolescence with reduced neophobia, adolescent rats exhibited taste neophobia which even increased when sour tastes were encountered.
Identification of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Preclinical and Prodromal Stages in Dementias: Development of a Screening Test for Mild Behavioral Impairment
Authors: Pereira-Abello Cristóbal , Cuesta-Izquierdo Marcelino , López-Álvarez Laudino , García-Viejo Alfonso
Published: November 2024

Background::
Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are a psychopathological dimension of neurodegenerative diseases, consisting of personality changes, behavioral disorders, and alterations in basic functions such as appetite or sleep, among others. The aim of this study was the construction and validation of a screening test to identify these NPS associated with neurodegenerative pathologies in preclinical and prodromal stages, based on the ISTAART criteria for Mild Behavioral Impairment (MBI).

Method::
The sample consisted of 206 subjects over 55 years old (117 cognitively healthy, 89 with Mild Cognitive Impairment). 69% were women, the mean age was 77 years ( = 10.58).

Results::
The new scale consists of 19 items and exhibited a one-dimensional structure. Confidence was excellent (α = .94 and Ω = .97) and there was evidence of convergent validity with the MBI-C test ( = .88) and the NPI-Q ( = .82). In addition, the scale demonstrated good sensitivity (.88) and specificity (.80).

Conclusions::
The scale allows evaluation of NPS in DCoL. It exhibits good psychometric properties and makes a useful tool in early diagnosis of neurodegenerative pathologies.
Psychometric Properties and Measurement Invariance of the Herth Hope Index in Spanish Cancer Patients
Authors: Calderon Caterina , Ferrando Pere J. , Lorenzo-Seva Urbano , Ferreira Estrella , Sorribes Elena , Hernández Raquel , Planellas-Kircnher Irina , Mihic-Gongora Luka , J. Corral Maria , Jiménez-Fonseca Paula
Published: November 2024

Background: :
The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties, differential item functioning, factorial invariance, and convergent validity of the Spanish version of the Herth Hope Index (HHI) in patients with cancer.

Method: :
Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to explore the scale, dimensionality, functioning of items, test for strong measurement invariance across sex, age, tumor site, and expected survival, and an extended structural equation model to assess external validity in a cross-sectional, multicenter, prospective study of 863 cancer patients from 15 Spanish hospitals.

Results: :
The results do not support the original 3-factor scale but instead suggest a one-factor structure, which explained 62% of the common variance. Scores from the unidimensional structure exhibited satisfactory reliability ( = .88). A strong invariance solution demonstrated excellent fit across sex, age, tumor site, and survival. HHI exhibited substantial associations with resilience coping strategies and spiritual well-being.

Conclusions: :
The findings of our study contribute to the diversity of earlier empirical findings regarding the construct of hope. Despite this, our results indicate that the Spanish version of the HHI is a short, easy-to-administer, valid, reliable tool for evaluating cancer patients’ levels of hope.
The Teacher as Portrayed in Rabbinical Literature
Authors: Mashiach Amir , Davidovich Nitza
Published: November 2024

This study seeks to examine the portrayal of teachers with regard to their personal, ethical, and pedagogic profile, in rabbinical literature, with comparison to other cultures and faiths.The research findings indicate that the figure of the teacher in rabbinical literature is compatible
with the requirements and expectations of contemporary teachers. Due to the fact that according to Chazal this is a profession with lofty, particular, universal, and includes hysterical consequences and meaning, not just to preserve the nation’s culture and pass on its beliefs to future
generations, but also to the very survival of the nation.
An Advanced Bacterial Single-cell RNA-seq Reveals Biofilm Heterogeneity
Authors: Pu Yingying , Yan Xiaodan , Liao Hebin , Wang Chenyi , Huang Chun , Zhang Wei , Guo Chunming
Published: November 2024

In contrast to mammalian cells, bacterial cells lack mRNA polyadenylated tails, presenting a hurdle in isolating mRNA amidst the prevalent rRNA during single-cell RNA-seq. This study introduces a novel method, Ribosomal RNA-derived cDNA Depletion (RiboD), seamlessly integrated into the PETRI-seq technique, yielding RiboD-PETRI. This innovative approach offers a cost-effective, equipment-free, and high-throughput solution for bacterial single-cell RNA sequencing. By efficiently eliminating rRNA reads and substantially enhancing mRNA detection rates (up to 92%), our method enables precise exploration of bacterial population heterogeneity. Applying RiboD-PETRI to investigate biofilm heterogeneity, distinctive subpopulations marked by unique genes within biofilms were successfully identified. Notably, Pdel, a marker for the cell-surface attachment subpopulation, was observed to elevate cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) levels, promoting persister cell formation. Thus, we address a persistent challenge in bacterial single-cell RNA-seq regarding rRNA abundance, exemplifying the utility of this method in exploring biofilm heterogeneity. These findings advance our understanding of biofilm biology and offer insights for targeted therapeutic strategies against persistent bacterial infections.
Treatment of the terrible triad of the elbow by olecranon osteotomy: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhou Ming , Xue Yuan , Jia Xueyuan , Wang Jianbing , Wu Yongwei , Ma Yunhong , Sun Zhenzhong , Rui Yongjun
Published: November 2024

Background

This study aims to evaluate the surgical techniques and outcomes of treating elbow dislocations with coronoid and radial head fractures, commonly referred to as the terrible triad of the elbow (TTE), through a single olecranon osteotomy.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed on 73 patients diagnosed with TTE between January 2015 and April 2022. The cohort included 44 men and 29 women, with an average age of 40.0 ± 15.1 years (range, 18–68 years). Among these patients, Mason Type I, II, and III fractures were identified in 11, 42, and 20 cases, respectively, while Morrey Type I, II, and III fractures were observed in 45, 23, and five cases, respectively. All patients underwent treatment via a single olecranon osteotomy. The average interval between injury and surgery was 5.6 ± 1.6 days (range, 3–8 days). Elbow function was assessed using the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS), pain was measured via the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and quality of life was evaluated using the SF-36 questionnaire.

Results

Patients were followed for 15 to 60 months (mean, 37.1 ± 13.3 months). All coronoid and radial head fractures achieved complete healing, with an average recovery time of 4.3 ± 1.1 months (range, 3–6 months). By the final follow-up, all patients had regained normal elbow function. The mean elbow flexion was 124.4° ± 9.2°, extension was 9.6° ± 6.5°, and the total range of flexion-extension was 114.8° ± 11.7°. Forearm pronation averaged 77.3° ± 4.8°, supination 79.2° ± 6.5°, and total forearm rotation 156.5° ± 8.4°. The mean MEPS was 89.3 ± 6.4, with 36 patients achieving excellent scores and 37 obtaining good scores. Preoperative VAS scores averaged 8.78 ± 1.11, which significantly dropped to 0.97 ± 0.83 at the final follow-up (p = 0.000). The SF-36 preoperative PCS and MCS scores were 45.77 ± 3.59 and 60.67 ± 3.91, respectively, with postoperative improvements to 93.85 ± 2.65 (p = 0.000) and 95.79 ± 3.11 (p = 0.000).

Conclusion

This retrospective analysis indicates that a single olecranon osteotomy could be a viable treatment option for TTE. However, additional research involving a control group is essential to substantiate the efficacy of this technique.
Clinical outcomes of arthroscopic suture fixation combined with loop plate vs. posterior approach open reduction and cannulated screw fixation for treating tibial avulsion fractures of the posterior cruciate ligament: a retrospective study
Authors: Zhang Lan , Guo Dan
Published: November 2024

Background

Comparison of the efficacy of arthroscopic suture fixation combined with loop plate vs. the posterior approach involving open reduction and intramedullary nail fixation in treating posterior cruciate ligament tibial avulsion fractures (PCLTAFs).

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of patients diagnosed with PCLTAF who were admitted to Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital between June 2019 and March 2022. Based on distinct surgical procedures, the patients were categorized into two groups: arthroscopic group (33 cases), involving a single bone tunnel, high-strength suture, loop plate, and anchor screw fixed under arthroscopy, and open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) group (13 cases), involving a modified posterior medial approach and fixation using 1–2 cannulated screws. Key parameters, including surgical duration, postoperative fracture alignment, fracture-healing duration, range of motion changes, postoperative Lysholm scores, and VAS scores were documented and compared between the two groups.

Results

The study cohort comprised 46 patients, with 28 males and 18 females, and the median age was 29 years old (range: 15–69). There were no significant differences in the baseline characteristics, including knee Lysholm scores, between the two groups. The arthroscopic group exhibited significant improvement in all eight Lysholm score indicators (all P < 0.001). The total Lysholm score also exhibited significant improvement before and after surgery in both groups (P < 0.001). Following surgery, the arthroscopic group demonstrated improvements in all indicators, but had a slightly longer operating time compared to the ORIF group. No significant differences were observed in the Lysholm scores for the knee joint between the two patient groups before and after surgery (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

Arthroscopic suture fixation in conjunction with looped plate binding can significantly improve knee function and clinical effect for patients in the treatment of PCLTAF, promotingearly postoperative functional recovery of patients.