bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SILHOUETTES OF ETHNIC IMAGES IN WESTERN UKRAINIAN WAR PROSE OF THE FIRST HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY
Authors: Boiko Nadiia
Published: July 2023

The paper examines how the concept of Own-Other-Alien is represented in Western Ukrainian prose depicting the events of the First World War, with a particular focus on the works by Marko Cheremshyna, Vasyl Stefanyk and Tymotei Borduliak. The selection of authors and texts is determined by the objective of conducting a thorough analysis of how civilians, rather than military personnel, perceive the horrors of war. An encounter with the Other or the Alien is always a challenge to one’s identity determined by different worldviews and cultural traditions. Western Ukrainian authors do not exaggerate antagonisms and conflicts but note that the opposition among the components of the mentioned triad deepens. The Alien is portrayed as a source of constant danger. Alienation is primarily intercultural differences causing misunderstandings and challenges that cannot be eliminated or at least mitigated. The paper highlights processes of apprehending the Other, differentiating One’s Own and the Other, and recognizing One’s Own in the Other. The miseries of war can dramatically change people's behavior, especially when it comes to choosing between life and death. The war causes a change in the moral and ethical scale of values: as a result, the world that was native yesterday may also become the space of the Other or even the Alien, and it may be increasingly difficult to find One’s Own in it. As shown by Marko Cheremshyna, Vasyl Stefanyk and Tymotei Borduliak, the process of alienation from one’s native can be based either on the desire to survive, or on old and deep personal grievances. The writers avoid idealization of self-images, recognizing that lowering the moral scale can lead to alienation and pose a threat to the Own.
Perancangan Sistem Informasi Pemesanan Tiket Konser Musik Berbasis Web Menggunakan Unified Modeling Language (UML)
Authors: Margaretha Joice , Voutama Apriade
Published: July 2023

Sistem informasi menjadi salah satu penerapan dari teknologi informasi, di mana melalui sistem informasi setiap orang dengan mudah mengakses informasi yang dibutuhkan kapanpun dan dimanapun. Salah satu penerapan dari sistem informasi yaitu pada pemesanan tiket konser musik. Sistem ini ditujukan kepada pengguna yang ingin mengetahui terkait pemesanan tiket yang dilakukan secara online melalui website. Pada sistem ini, pengunjung dapat melihat informasi tentang event yang akan diadakan tanpa harus login dan pembeli dapat melihat dan membeli tiket yang diinginkan dengan mudah tanpa harus datang ke loket pembelian. Perancangan ini menggunakan metode UML (Unified Modeling Language) yang di mana dapat membantu dalam pembuatan desain dengan bantuan diagram. Perancangan ini dapat membantu setiap pengunjung dan pembeli dalam pemesanan tiket konser melalui website dan juga membantu admin dalam mendata event yang akan berlangsung serta mempermudah dalam administrasi.
Perancangan Arsitektur Enterprise Menggunakan TOGAF ADM (Architecture Development Method) Pada Yayasan Pelatihan dan Sertifikasi Perusahaan Air Minum
Authors: Baginda Muhammad , Herdi Tazkiyah
Published: July 2023

Yayasan Pelatihan dan Sertifikasi Perusahaan Air Minum adalah lembaga pelatihan dan sertifikasi bagi perusahaan air minum di seluruh Indonesia. Dalam proses bisnisnya, yayasan ini menyediakan jasa pelatihan dan sertifikasi bagi karyawan perusahaan air minum Indonesia yang ingin mendapatkan pelatihan dan sertifikasi. Sistem informasi yang diterapkan di yayasan masih jauh dari memadai, karena informasi yang akan dikelola masih tercatat secara manual dan belum terintegrasi, sehingga proses bisnis tidak sesuai dengan tujuan organisasi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan perancangan arsitektur enterprise dengan menggunakan metode pengembangan arsitektur (ADM) The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) yang berfokus pada arsitektur bisnis. Hasil yang diharapkan dari penelitian ini adalah integrasi sistem informasi dan teknologi informasi ke dalam proses bisnis agar selaras dan dapat membantu proses bisnis perusahaan untuk mencapai proses bisnis yang optimal, efisien dan efektif.
Unenforceability of Contract: Are Fundamental Human Rights and Freedoms under Ghana's 1992 Constitution Grounds of Public Policy?
Authors: Owusu-Dapaa Ernest
Published: July 2023

Deployment of illegality or public policy to render unenforceable is one area of the common law which developed early to contain untrammelled party autonomy or freedom of contract. Traditionally, contracts that advance immoral purpose, undermine integrity in public office or governance as well as ousting jurisdiction of the courts are peremptorily deemed contrary to public policy and consequently unenforceable. In this paper I argue that the imposition of general obligation on all organs of government and private bodies and individuals to observe fundamental human rights and freedoms enshrined in Chapter 5 of the 1992 Constitution makes it imperative for the common law concept of public policy to be expanded to encapsulate non-compliance with fundamental freedoms and human rights as a ground for rendering contract unenforceable.
Pengaruh Pengembangan Kawasan Sentra Peternakan Rakyat (SPR) Terhadap Kesejahteraan Masyarakat di Kecamatan Landono
Authors: Alif Abdussalam  , Suryanto
Published: July 2023

The development of Sentra Peternakan Rakyat (SPR) area is the development program of the livestock sub-sector based on area and local resources. The aims of this research are 1). to determine the effect of the beef cattle commodity SPR area development program in Landono District on the income of farmers; and 2). To find out the factors that influence the development program of SPR area for beef cattle commodities in Landono District. This research is evaluative in nature using a deductive approach with quantitative and qualitative methods. Research data were analyzed using quantitative analysis with data gradations in the form of percentages to answer the first research objective, then using quantitative analysis, namely multiple linear regression to answer the second research objective. The results showed that the income level of farmers showed an increase after the development program of SPR area for beef cattle commodities in Landono District. Then, the factors that influence the development program of SPR area include accessibility, access to marketing, land area, workforce and government support.
Keywords: area, development, SPR.
Pengembangan kawasan Sentra Peternakan Rakyat (SPR) merupakan program pengembangan subsektor peternakan yang berbasis kawasan dan sumber daya  lokal. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu 1). untuk mengetahui pengaruh program pengembangan kawasan SPR komoditas sapi potong di Kecamatan Landono terhadap pendapatan peternak; dan 2). untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh dalam program pengembangan kawasan SPR komoditas sapi potong di Kecamatan Landono. Penelitian ini bersifat evaluatif yang menggunakan pendekatan deduktif dengan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Data penelitian dianalisis menggunakan analisis kuantitatif dengan gradasi data berupa persentase untuk menjawab tujuan penelitian pertama, kemudian menggunakan analisis kuantitatif yaitu regresi linear berganda untuk menjawab tujuan penelitian kedua. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pendapatan peternak menunjukkan peningkatan setelah adanya program pengembangan kawasan SPR komoditas sapi potong di Kecamatan Landono. Kemudian faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh dalam program pengembangan kawasan SPR tersebut meliputi aksesibilitas, akses pemasaran, luas lahan, tenaga kerja dan dukungan pemerintah.
Kata kunci: kawasan, pengembangan, SPR
The Development of CNC Hot Wire 3D Cutting Foam Tool
Authors: Rahmat Saepul
Published: July 2023

Wedding decorations are considered incomplete without decoration. The decoration business must prepare a skilled and creative workforce and improve the artistic creation skills of employees to provide several choices of decorating styles to clients. The material that was recently used in decorations is styrofoam. The purpose of this research is to design a CNC machine to get good results and neatly cut Styrofoam using a hot wire. This research also contributes to solving problems with Styrofoam cutting usually a problem with detailed and complicated work that can be solved automatically using a CNC machine. Tool hardware design requires Bluetooth connection, driver to the stepper motor, driver A4988 to CNC shield, and step down to the heating wire. Software design includes uploading GRBL firmware, creating G-code using Inkscape Software, and connecting Android applications to CNC machines. The result shows that for 2-dimensional styrofoam cutting with 1cm thickness, the best results are obtained in the range voltage of 7.4-8.5V. Styrofoam also testing is carried out using the same voltage 8.5V but with different feed rates and the result with 400 mm/min shows the best cut performance. The results of cutting 3-dimensional Styrofoam showed that for a voltage of 8.5V, a feed rate of 300mm/min, and a thickness of 10cm Styrofoam produced the best cutting texture from others. This shows that the heat generated by the wire is directly proportional to the feed rate
Securing Databases: A Comparative Study on the Impact of Implementing SSL on MySQL 8.0.33
Authors: Haikal Antoni , Wijanarko Heru , Oktafia Ocha , Husnuzon Muhammad Hikmah , Gunawan Gunawan , Arif Hamdani
Published: July 2023

The increasing reliance on online communication and data storage has made protecting sensitive information a top priority for businesses and individuals. This study investigates the effectiveness of different security protocols in safeguarding databases from external threats. By comparing the performance of databases that use SSL and those that do not, this project provided valuable insights into the importance of securing data in transit and the impact of security protocols on database performance. The results of this research could be helpful for companies and individuals looking to improve the security of their databases and protect sensitive information. These research findings demonstrate that enabling SSL encryption leads to longer average execution times for database operations. This latency can be attributed to the computational workload associated with SSL's encryption and decryption processes. However, the trade-off between performance and security is essential to safeguarding data in transit.
Reservation And Virtual Tour Application Of Tourism Village in Banyuwangi Based On Android
Authors: Rini Eka Mistiko , Yusuf Dianni
Published: July 2023

Tourism development is the impact of changes in tourist interest in tourist destinations. The growing interest in tourism travel that wants to nature, interact, and learn the uniqueness of culture. Tourism Village is a form of integration between accommodation and supporting facilities presented in a community life structure that integrates with the rules and traditions that apply. To increase tourism potential in the Tourism Village promotion is required to attract travellers. Generally, traveller want to travel to the Tourism Village must come directly to the location to place an order. Therefore, we need an application regarding the information on Tourism Villages in Banyuwangi and ordering Android-based tour packages to bridge between visitors and Tourism Village managers. The application development method uses the waterfall framework by analyzing system design needs and testing. Application developed using a java-based programming language for the Android platform supported by the Android SDK and Android Studio as the development environment. This application aims to make it easier for the public and potential visitors to get information about Tourism Villages and to be able to order tour packages online. This application also makes it easier for Tourism Village managers to promote managed Tourism Villages
Nitric oxide synthase 2 genetic variation rs2297514 associates with a decreased susceptibility to extremity post-traumatic osteomyelitis in a Chinese Han population
Authors: Song Chen-sheng , Zhang Ping , Lin Qing-rong , Hu Ying-yu , Pan Chun-qiu , Jiang Nan , Hu Yan-jun
Published: July 2023

Background

Previous studies have indicated that nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) genetic variations are involved in delayed fracture healing and fracture non-union. Whether these genetic variants associate with the development of osteomyelitis (OM) remains unclear. Here, we analyzed the potential relationships between NOS2 genetic variations and the risk of developing post-traumatic OM (PTOM) in a Chinese Han population.

Methods

Altogether 704 participants, including 336 PTOM patients and 368 healthy controls, were genotyped of rs2297514 and rs2248814 of the NOS2 gene using the SNaPshot genotyping method.

Results

Outcomes showed that the frequency of allele C of rs2297514 in the patient group was significantly lower than that in the control group (48.7% vs. 54.5%, P = 0.029, OR = 0.792, 95% CI 0.642 – 0.976). In addition, significant associations were found between rs2297514 and susceptibility to PTOM by the recessive model (P = 0.007, OR = 0.633, 95% CI 0.453 – 0.884), and the homozygous model (P = 0.039, OR = 0.648, 95% CI 0.429 – 0.979). Moreover, patients with the CC genotype of rs2297514 had lower inflammatory biomarkers levels than the TT genotype, especially for the C-reactive protein (CRP) level (median: 4.1 mg/L vs. 8.9 mg/L, P = 0.027). However, no significant relationship was noted between rs2248814 and the risk of developing PTOM.

Conclusion

In this Chinese cohort, rs2297514 is correlated with a decreased risk of PTOM development, with genotype CC as a protective factor.
The novel H2VK-65 clinical risk assessment tool predicts high coronary artery calcium score in symptomatic patients referred for coronary computed tomography angiography
Authors: Kaolawanich Yodying , Prapan Natthaporn , Phoopattana Supamongkol , Boonyasirinant Thananya
Published: July 2023

Background

Coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) has emerged as a powerful imaging modality for the detection and prognostication of individuals with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). High amounts of coronary artery calcium (CAC) significantly obscure the interpretation of CCTA. Clinical risk assessment tools and data specific to predictors of high CAC in symptomatic patients are limited.

Methods

Consecutive patients who underwent CAC scan and CCTA to diagnose CAD during 2016–2020 were included. A high CAC score was defined as >400 by Agatston method. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the predictors of high CAC. The clinical risk score was derived from factors independently associated with high CAC. The derivation cohort was composed of 465 patients; this score was validated in 98 patients.

Results

The mean age was 63 ± 11 years, 53% were female, and 15.9% had high CAC scores. The independent predictors of high CAC scores were age >65 years (odds ratio [OR] 3.02, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 1.56–5.85, p = 0.001), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (OR 11.09, 95%CI 3.38–36.38, p < 0.001), heart failure (OR 6.52, 95%CI 2.23–19.09, p = 0.001), hypertension (OR 26.44, 95%CI 9.02–77.44, p < 0.001), and vascular diseases, including ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack and peripheral arterial disease (OR 20.96, 95%CI 4.19–104.86, p < 0.001). The H2VK-65 (Hypertension, Heart failure, Vascular diseases, CKD, and Age > 65) score allocates 1 point for age >65, 2 points for CKD or heart failure, and 3 points for hypertension or vascular diseases. Using a threshold of ≥4 points, the sensitivity and specificity to detect high CAC was 81% and 80%, respectively. The area under the curve was 0.88 and 0.85 in the derivation and validation cohorts, respectively.

Conclusion

The novel H2VK-65 score demonstrated good performance for predicting high CAC scores in symptomatic patients referred for CCTA.
Toward culturally sustaining/revitalizing Indigenous family-school-community leadership
Authors: Washington Shaneé A. , Johnson Lauri
Published: July 2023

2022 was a year of ongoing struggle for families and communities worldwide with social inequalities, colonial legacies, educational setbacks, and health crises perpetuated by the persistent COVID-19 pandemic and White rage and violence toward People of the Global Majority (PGM). Indigenous communities in particular have been disproportionately affected by long standing structural inequalities and systemic racism. How educational institutions engage with Indigenous families during and beyond these challenging times can either support self-determination, cultural revitalization, and sustenance, or contribute to ongoing legacies of colonization, racism, and cultural erasure. This article provides a review of the literature on family-school-community leadership models and asks: How have conceptions of family-school-community leadership evolved over time and become more culturally responsive, sustaining and/or revitalizing? How might more culturally sustaining/revitalizing models of family and community engagement take seriously the historical legacies of colonization and family leadership in Indigenous communities? Key terms such as involvement, engagement, partnership, and activism are defined and a continuum of family-school-community leadership frameworks is presented which move from traditional paradigms to more culturally sustaining and revitalizing practices. Relevant literature is reviewed for each of these evolving models.
Regulation of inflammation and immunity in sepsis by E3 ligases
Authors: Shao Shasha , Zhou Daixing , Feng Jun , Liu Yanyan , Baturuhu  , Yin Huimei , Zhan Daqian
Published: July 2023

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by an abnormal infection-induced immune response. Despite significant advances in supportive care, sepsis remains a considerable therapeutic challenge and is the leading cause of death in the intensive care unit (ICU). Sepsis is characterized by initial hyper-inflammation and late immunosuppression. Therefore, immune-modulatory therapies have great potential for novel sepsis therapies. Ubiquitination is an essential post-translational protein modification, which has been known to be intimately involved in innate and adaptive immune responses. Several E3 ubiquitin ligases have been implicated in innate immune signaling and T-cell activation and differentiation. In this article, we review the current literature and discuss the role of E3 ligases in the regulation of immune response and their effects on the course of sepsis to provide insights into the prevention and therapy for sepsis.
Comparative efficacy of eDNA and conventional methods for monitoring wetland anuran communities
Authors: Wikston Madison , Breton Brie-Anne A. , Vilaça Sibelle Torres , Bennett Amanda M. , Kyle Christopher J. , Beresford David V. , Lesbarrères David , Wilson Chris C. , Green David M. , Fortin Marie-Josée , Murray Dennis L.
Published: July 2023

Documenting biodiversity, species occurrence, and species status require reliable monitoring techniques, but the complex life history and cryptic behavior of many anurans create challenges for conventional monitoring approaches. Environmental DNA (eDNA) surveys are a promising alternative (or complement) to conventional anuran monitoring, but their relative success has not been fully tested. We assessed the comparative efficacy of targeted eDNA detection via quantitative PCR (qPCR) and three conventional amphibian survey methods (visual encounter, breeding call, and larval dipnet surveys) for detecting nine anuran species in natural wetlands in southern Ontario, Canada. Our analyses revealed that all assessment methods yielded imperfect detection, with visual encounter and eDNA surveys detecting the greatest species richness and eDNA surveys requiring the fewest sampling events. Amphibian community composition results differed among survey methods and sampling events, and detection efficacy was markedly variable, with some species requiring two to three methods to maximize detection success. Notably, two relatively terrestrial species (Anaxyrus americanusandHyla versicolor) had relatively low and seasonally variable eDNA detection rates, suggesting that species-specific ecology likely affects eDNA presence or detection. These findings suggest that optimized monitoring for complex anuran communities may require application of multiple monitoring methods, which may need to be tailored to individual target species or communities.
Identification of biomarkers associated with diagnosis of postmenopausal osteoporosis patients based on bioinformatics and machine learning
Authors: Huang Xinzhou , Ma Jinliang , Wei Yongkun , Chen Hui , Chu Wei
Published: July 2023

Background: Accumulating evidence suggests that postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is a common chronic systemic metabolic bone disease, but its specific molecular pathogenesis remains unclear. This study aimed to identify novel genetic diagnostic markers for PMOP.

Methods: In this paper, we combined three GEO datasets to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and performed functional enrichment analysis of PMOP-related differential genes. Key genes were analyzed using two machine learning algorithms, namely, LASSO and the Gaussian mixture model, and candidate biomarkers were found after taking the intersection. After further ceRNA network construction, methylation analysis, and immune infiltration analysis, ACACB and WWP1 were finally selected as diagnostic markers. Twenty-four clinical samples were collected, and the expression levels of biomarkers in PMOP were detected by qPCR.

Results: We identified 34 differential genes in PMOP. DEG enrichment was mainly related to amino acid synthesis, inflammatory response, and apoptosis. The ceRNA network construction found that XIST—hsa-miR-15a-5p/hsa-miR-15b-5p/hsa-miR-497-5p and hsa-miR-195-5p—WWP1/ACACB may be RNA regulatory pathways regulating PMOP disease progression. ACACB and WWP1 were identified as diagnostic genes for PMOP, and validated in datasets and clinical sample experiments. In addition, these two genes were also significantly associated with immune cells, such as T, B, and NK cells.

Conclusion: Overall, we identified two vital diagnostic genes responsible for PMOP. The results may help provide potential immunotherapeutic targets for PMOP.
Cell type- and time-dependent biological responses in ex vivo perfused lung grafts
Authors: Gouin Carla , Vu Manh Thien-Phong , Jouneau Luc , Bevilacqua Claudia , De Wolf Julien , Glorion Matthieu , Hannouche Laurent , Urien Céline , Estephan Jérôme , Roux Antoine , Magnan Antoine , Le Guen Morgan , Da Costa Bruno , Chevalier Christophe , Descamps Delphyne , Schwartz-Cornil Isabelle , Dalod Marc , Sage Edouard
Published: July 2023

In response to the increasing demand for lung transplantation, ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) has extended the number of suitable donor lungs by rehabilitating marginal organs. However despite an expanding use in clinical practice, the responses of the different lung cell types to EVLP are not known. In order to advance our mechanistic understanding and establish a refine tool for improvement of EVLP, we conducted a pioneer study involving single cell RNA-seq on human lungs declined for transplantation. Functional enrichment analyses were performed upon integration of data sets generated at 4 h (clinical duration) and 10 h (prolonged duration) from two human lungs processed to EVLP. Pathways related to inflammation were predicted activated in epithelial and blood endothelial cells, in monocyte-derived macrophages and temporally at 4 h in alveolar macrophages. Pathways related to cytoskeleton signaling/organization were predicted reduced in most cell types mainly at 10 h. We identified a division of labor between cell types for the selected expression of cytokine and chemokine genes that varied according to time. Immune cells including CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, NK cells, mast cells and conventional dendritic cells displayed gene expression patterns indicating blunted activation, already at 4 h in several instances and further more at 10 h. Therefore despite inducing inflammatory responses, EVLP appears to dampen the activation of major lung immune cell types, what may be beneficial to the outcome of transplantation. Our results also support that therapeutics approaches aiming at reducing inflammation upon EVLP should target both the alveolar and vascular compartments.
Guianensin, a Simulium guianense salivary protein, has broad anti-hemostatic and anti-inflammatory properties
Authors: Valenzuela-Leon Paola Carolina , Campos Chagas Andrezza , Martin-Martin Ines , Williams Adeline E. , Berger Markus , Shrivastava Gaurav , Paige Andrew S. , Kotsyfakis Michalis , Tirloni Lucas , Calvo Eric
Published: July 2023

Background

Salivary glands from blood-feeding arthropods secrete several molecules that inhibit mammalian hemostasis and facilitate blood feeding and pathogen transmission. The salivary functions from Simulium guianense, the main vector of Onchocerciasis in South America, remain largely understudied. Here, we have characterized a salivary protease inhibitor (Guianensin) from the blackfly Simulium guianense.

Materials and methods

A combination of bioinformatic and biophysical analyses, recombinant protein production, in vitro and in vivo experiments were utilized to characterize the molecula mechanism of action of Guianensin. Kinetics of Guianensin interaction with proteases involved in vertebrate inflammation and coagulation were carried out by surface plasmon resonance and isothermal titration calorimetry. Plasma recalcification and coagulometry and tail bleeding assays were performed to understand the role of Guianensin in coagulation.

Results

Guianensin was identified in the sialotranscriptome of adult S. guianense flies and belongs to the Kunitz domain of protease inhibitors. It targets various serine proteases involved in hemostasis and inflammation. Binding to these enzymes is highly specific to the catalytic site and is not detectable for their zymogens, the catalytic site-blocked human coagulation factor Xa (FXa), or thrombin. Accordingly, Guianensin significantly increased both PT (Prothrombin time) and aPTT (Activated partial thromboplastin time) in human plasma and consequently increased blood clotting time ex vivo. Guianensin also inhibited prothrombinase activity on endothelial cells. We show that Guianensin acts as a potent anti-inflammatory molecule on FXa-induced paw edema formation in mice.

Conclusion

The information generated by this work highlights the biological functionality of Guianensin as an antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory protein that may play significant roles in blood feeding and pathogen transmission.
Prediction of herpes virus infections after solid organ transplantation: a prospective study of immune function
Authors: Møller Dina Leth , Sørensen Søren Schwartz , Rezahosseini Omid , Rasmussen Daniel Bräuner , Arentoft Nicoline Stender , Loft Josefine Amalie , Perch Michael , Gustafsson Finn , Lundgren Jens , Scheike Thomas , Knudsen Jenny Dahl , Ostrowski Sisse Rye , Rasmussen Allan , Nielsen Susanne Dam
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Herpes virus infections are a major concern after solid organ transplantation and linked to the immune function of the recipient. We aimed to determine the incidence of positive herpes virus (cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus type 1/2 (HSV-1/2), and varicella zoster virus (VZV)) PCR tests during the first year post-transplantation and assess whether a model including immune function pre-transplantation and three months post-transplantation could predict a subsequent positive herpes virus PCR.

Methods

All participants were preemptively screened for CMV, and EBV IgG-negative participants were screened for EBV during the first year post-transplantation. Herpes virus PCR tests for all included herpes viruses (CMV, EBV, HSV-1/2, and VZV) were retrieved from the Danish Microbiology database containing nationwide PCR results from both hospitals and outpatient clinics. Immune function was assessed by whole blood stimulation with A) LPS, B) R848, C) Poly I:C, and D) a blank control. Cytokine concentrations (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-17A, IFN-α, and IFN-γ) were measured using Luminex.

Results

We included 123 liver (54%), kidney (26%), and lung (20%) transplant recipients. The cumulative incidence of positive herpes virus PCR tests was 36.6% (95% CI: 28.1-45.1) during the first year post-transplantation. The final prediction model included recipient age, type of transplantation, CMV serostatus, and change in Poly I:C-induced IL-12p40 from pre-transplantation to three months post-transplantation. The prediction model had an AUC of 77% (95% CI: 61-92). Risk scores were extracted from the prediction model, and the participants were divided into three risk groups. Participants with a risk score <5 (28% of the cohort), 5-10 (45% of the cohort), and >10 (27% of the cohort) had a cumulative incidence of having a positive herpes virus PCR test at 5.8%, 25%, and 73%, respectively (p < 0.001)

Conclusion

In conclusion, the incidence of positive herpes virus PCR tests was high, and a risk model including immune function allowed the prediction of positive herpes virus PCR and may be used to identify recipients at higher risk.
Navigating transformations from artisanal fishers to entrepreneurial scallop farmers in Chile
Authors: Bakit José , Hurtado Andrés , Márquez Raúl , Villasante Sebastian
Published: July 2023

The expansion of neoliberalization of fisheries in developing countries has been largely driven by political economic decisions. Artisanal fisheries and aquaculture have not been exempt from these privatization measures, the implementation of deregulation measures in the fisheries sector, and commoditization strategies oriented mainly to exports. However, little research has been done about these issues jointly in South America. Therefore, the adoption of these measures and the adaptation and transformation of artisanal fishermen to entrepreneurs were studied in the scallop (Argopecten purpuratus) fishery/aquaculture in Tongoy Bay, Chile. We use qualitative research and an analysis of historical archives to describe a series of political-economic changes, stages, and processes involved in the transformation of the sector. The analysis focuses on conflicts, resistance practices, and value regimes between fishers and farmers to explore the different moral economies at play. Our results show that (a) changes in moral economies are neither automatic nor unidirectional; (b) the State, through its economic policy, technological development institutions, and technology transfer actions, does not directly generate expected results; (c) artisanal fishers who have become entrepreneurs understand and justify competitiveness (or lack of it) because some are more entrepreneurial than others; (d) despite the adoption of neoliberal guidelines, aspects of a more traditional moral economy remain, such as the role of family units in the configuration of enterprises; and, finally, (e) artisanal fishers have moved from a traditional moral economy based on collective and historical rights to a neoliberal moral economy based on the individual and his or her capacity for self-improvement, entrepreneurship, and efficient work management.
Preparation of aldehyde-graphene quantum dots from glucose for controlled release of anticancer drug
Authors: Shi Shih-Chen , Liu Hsin-Hung , Chen Tao-Hsing , Chen Chih-Kuang , Ko Bao-Tsan
Published: July 2023

In this study, we prepared graphene quantum dots (GQDs) via a green process using rice straw as a carbon source. The non-toxic nature of GQDs is suitable for application in human body-related research. Furthermore, GQDs possess biodegradability and biocompatibility characteristics, indicating high suitability for applications in the field of drug delivery. Based on the fact that acid-sensitive bonds between GQDs and the drug doxorubicin are formed by aldehyde groups on GQD surfaces, we adopted a semi-modified TEMPO method to partially oxidize the surface functional groups of GQDs without destroying the structure. This enabled an increase in the surface aldehyde group content, which in turn enhanced the drug loading capacity of GQDs. The aldehyde group content of the GQDs was measured via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, titration based on the Cannizzaro reaction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The drug loading effect of the GQDs was determined via absorbance measurements at 485 nm on a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results indicated that the semi-modified TEMPO method significantly affected the introduction of surface aldehyde groups and the enhancement of the drug loading efficiency in GQDs. Finally, the polymeric material cationic poly (vinylcyclohexene carbonates) (CPVCHCs) was used for the encapsulation of GQDs and regulation of drug release. Under the premise that the total amount of drugs released remains unaffected, the initial burst release of the drug is effectively delayed, which aids in reducing harmful effects of the drug on the human body.
Brodalumab for the treatment of plaque psoriasis in a real-life setting: a 3 years multicenter retrospective study—IL PSO (Italian landscape psoriasis)
Authors: Gargiulo Luigi , Ibba Luciano , Malagoli Piergiorgio , Amoruso Fabrizio , Argenziano Giuseppe , Balato Anna , Bardazzi Federico , Burlando Martina , Carrera Carlo Giovanni , Damiani Giovanni , Dapavo Paolo , Dini Valentina , Fabbrocini Gabriella , Franchi Chiara , Gaiani Francesca Maria , Girolomoni Giampiero , Guarneri Claudio , Lasagni Claudia , Loconsole Francesco , Marzano Angelo Valerio , Megna Matteo , Sampogna Francesca , Travaglini Massimo , Costanzo Antonio , Narcisi Alessandra
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Brodalumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets the subunit A of the interleukin-17A receptor (IL17RA), inhibiting the signaling of various isoforms of the IL-17 family. It has been approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis after being evaluated in three Phase-3 trials. However, long-term data on brodalumab in a real-life setting are still limited.

Methods

The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term effectiveness and safety of brodalumab in psoriasis. We also assessed the drug survival of brodalumab in a 3 years timespan. We conducted a retrospective multicenter study on 606 patients followed up at 14 Italian dermatology units, all treated with brodalumab according to Italian guidelines. Patients’ demographics and disease characteristics were retrieved from electronic databases. At baseline and weeks 12, 24, 52, 104 and 156, we evaluated the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score and investigated for adverse events. The proportions of patients reaching 75, 90 and 100% (PASI 75, PASI 90 and PASI 100, respectively) improvement in PASI, compared with baseline, were also recorded.

Results

At week 12, 63.53% of the patients reached PASI 90 and 49.17% PASI 100. After 3 years of treatment, 65.22% of patients maintained a complete skin clearance, and 91.30% had an absolute PASI of 2 or less. Patients naïve to biological therapies had better clinical responses at weeks 12, 24 and 52. However, after 2 years of treatment, no significant differences were observed. Body mass index did not interfere with the effectiveness of brodalumab throughout the study. No new safety findings were recorded. After 36 months, 85.64% of our patients were still on treatment with brodalumab.

Conclusion

Our data confirm the effectiveness and the safety of brodalumab in the largest real-life cohort to date, up to 156 weeks.
Hybridization altered the gut microbiota of pigs
Authors: Wei Limin , Zeng Bo , Zhang Siyuan , Guo Wei , Li Feng , Zhao Jiangchao , Li Ying
Published: July 2023

Mammalian gut microbiota plays an important role in the host’s nutrient metabolism, growth, and immune regulation. Hybridization can enable a progeny to acquire superior traits of the parents, resulting in the hybridization advantage. However, studies on the effects of hybridization on the pigs’ gut microbiota are lacking. Therefore, this study used multi-omics technologies to compare and analyze the gut microbiota of the primary wild boar and its offspring. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing results revealed that the gut microbiota of F4 exhibited a host-like dominance phenomenon with a significant increase in the abundance of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. The beta diversity of Duroc was significantly different from those of F0, F2, and F4; after the host hybridization, the similarity of the beta diversity in the progeny decreased with the decrease in the similarity of the F0 lineage. The metagenomic sequencing results showed that the significantly enriched metabolic pathways in F4, such as environmental, circulatory system, fatty acid degradation adaptation, and fatty acid biosynthesis, were similar to those in F0. Moreover, it also exhibited similar significantly enriched metabolic pathways as those in Duroc, such as carbohydrate metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, starch-degrading CAZymes, lactose-degrading CAZymes, and various amino acid metabolism pathways. However, the alpha-amylase-related KOs, lipid metabolism, and galactose metabolism in F4 were significantly higher than those in Duroc and F0. Non-targeted metabolome technology analysis found that several metabolites, such as docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, and citric acid were significantly enriched in the F4 pigs as compared to those in F0. Based on Spearman correlation analysis, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were significantly positively correlated with these metabolites. Finally, the combined metagenomic and metabolomic analysis suggested that the metabolic pathways, such as valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis and alanine aspartate and glutamate metabolism were significantly enriched in F4 pigs. In conclusion, the gut microbiota of F4 showed a similar host “dominance” phenomenon, which provided reference data for the genetics and evolution of microbiota and the theory of microbial-assisted breeding.
Exopolysaccharide is the potential effector of Lactobacillus fermentum PS150, a hypnotic psychobiotic strain
Authors: Huang Chin-Lin , Chu Hsu-Feng , Wu Chien-Chen , Deng Fu-Sheng , Wen Pei-Jun , Chien Shao-Ping , Chao Chi-Hsein , Chen Ying-Tsong , Lu Mei-Kuang , Tsai Ying-Chieh
Published: July 2023

Psychobiotics are a class of probiotics that confer beneficial effects on the mental health of the host. We have previously reported hypnotic effects of a psychobiotic strain, Lactobacillus fermentum PS150 (PS150), which significantly shortens sleep latency in experimental mice, and effectively ameliorate sleep disturbances caused by either caffeine consumption or a novel environment. In the present study, we discovered a L. fermentum strain, GR1009, isolated from the same source of PS150, and found that GR1009 is phenotypically distinct but genetically similar to PS150. Compared with PS150, GR1009 have no significant hypnotic effects in the pentobarbital-induced sleep test in mice. In addition, we found that heat-killed PS150 exhibited hypnotic effects and altered the gut microbiota in a manner similar to live bacteria, suggesting that a heat-stable effector, such as exopolysaccharide (EPS), could be responsible for these effects. Our comparative genomics analysis also revealed distinct genetic characteristics in EPS biosynthesis between GR1009 and PS150. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy imaging showed a sheet-like EPS structure in PS150, while GR1009 displayed no apparent EPS structure. Using the phenol-sulfate assay, we found that the sugar content value of the crude extract containing EPS (C-EPS) from PS150 was approximately five times higher than that of GR1009, indicating that GR1009 has a lower EPS production activity than PS150. Through the pentobarbital-induced sleep test, we confirmed the hypnotic effects of the C-EPS isolated from PS150, as evidenced by a significant reduction in sleep latency and recovery time following oral administration in mice. In summary, we utilized a comparative approach to delineate differences between PS150 and GR1009 and proposed that EPS may serve as a key factor that mediates the observed hypnotic effect.
Mentalizing and self-other distinction in visual perspective taking: the analysis of temporal neural processing using high-density EEG
Authors: Rochas Vincent , Montandon Marie-Louise , Rodriguez Cristelle , Herrmann François R. , Eytan Ariel , Pegna Alan J. , Michel Christoph M. , Giannakopoulos Panteleimon
Published: July 2023

This high density EEG report dissects the neural processing in the visual perspective taking using four experimental comparisons (Arrow, Avatar and Self, Other). Early activation differences occurred between the Avatar and the Arrow condition in primary visual pathways concomitantly with alpha and beta phase locked responses predominant in the Avatar condition. In later time points, brain activation was stronger for the Avatar condition in paracentral lobule of frontal lobe. When taking the other’s perspective, there was an increased recruitment of generators in the occipital and temporal lobes and later on in mentalizing and salience networks bilaterally before spreading to right frontal lobe subdivisions. Microstate analysis further supported late recruitment of the medial frontal gyrus and precentral lobule in this condition. Other perspective for the Avatar only showed a strong beta response located first in left occipito-temporal and right parietal areas, and later on in frontal lobes. Our EEG data support distinct brain processes for the Avatar condition with an increased recruitment of brain generators that progresses from primary visual areas to the anterior brain. Taking the other’s perspective needs an early recruitment of neural processors in posterior areas involved in theory of mind with later involvement of additional frontal generators.
The effect of cannabidiol on seizure features and quality of life in drug-resistant frontal lobe epilepsy patients: a triple-blind controlled trial
Authors: Ebadi Seyyed Reza , Saleki Kiarash , Adl Parvar Tanin , Rahimi Negin , Aghamollaii Vajiheh , Ranji Sara , Tafakhori Abbas
Published: July 2023

Background

Treatment-resistant epileptic seizures are associated with reduced quality of life (QoL). As polypharmacy with routine antiseizure medications has many side effects, novel add-on treatments are necessary. Recent research showed the efficacy of add-on therapy by cannabidiol (CBD) on refractory epilepsy. We attempted to extend data on the efficacy and safety profile of CBD in patients with frontal lobe treatment-resistant epilepsy.

Methods

A total of 27 patients were recruited into two CBD (n = 12) and placebo (n = 15) groups. The CBD group received a highly purified liposomal preparation of the drug in addition to routine antiseizure medications. The placebo group only received antiseizure medications. This experiment followed a triple-blinding protocol. Outcome measures were seizure frequency, the Chalfont seizure severity scale (CSSS), and the quality of life questionnaire score (QOLIE-31) assessed at baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks.

Results

At 4 weeks, results indicated that a higher fraction of patients in the CBD group (66.67%) showed improvement in seizure, compared to the placebo group (20.00%). Before–after comparison revealed that CBD, unlike routine ADEs, was effective in reducing the occurrence of seizures at the study's final timepoint [mean difference 45.58, 95% CI (8.987 to 82.18), p = 0.009]. Seizure severity was not affected by study groups or time intervals (repeated-measures ANOVA p > 0.05). Post-hoc tests found that the QoLI-31 score was improved at 8 weeks compared to baseline [mean diff. −5.031, 95% CI (−9.729 to −0.3328), p = 0.032]. The difference in cases who experienced enhanced QoL was meaningful between the CBD and placebo groups at 8 weeks [RR: 2.160, 95% CI (1.148 to 4.741), p = 0.018] but not at 4 weeks (p = 0.653). A positive finding for QoL improvement was associated with a positive finding for seizure frequency reduction [r = 0.638, 95% CI (0.296 to 0.835), p = 0.001]. Interestingly, limiting the correlation analysis to cases receiving CBD indicated that QoL improvement was not linked with seizure parameters such as severity and frequency (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

The present study suggests the benefit of a purified and highly efficient preparation of CBD for seizure frequency reduction and improvement of QoL in refractory frontal lobe epilepsy. Further study with longer follow-ups and larger sample size is advised.

Clinical trial registration

https://www.irct.ir/trial/56790, identifier: IRCT20210608051515N1.
Effects of a high salt diet on blood pressure dipping and the implications on hypertension
Authors: Viggiano Jesse , Coutinho Dominic , Clark-Cutaia Maya N. , Martinez Diana
Published: July 2023

High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Salt intake has been shown to have a significant impact on BP, but the mechanisms by which it influences the blood pressure dipping pattern, and 24-h blood pressure remains controversial. This literature review aims to both summarize the current evidence on high salt diet induced hypertension and discuss the epidemiological aspects including socioeconomic issues in the United States and abroad. Our review indicates that a high salt diet is associated with a blunted nocturnal blood pressure dipping pattern, which is characterized by a reduced decrease in blood pressure during the nighttime hours. The mechanisms by which high salt intake affects blood pressure dipping patterns are not fully understood, but it is suggested that it may be related to changes in the sympathetic nervous system. Further, we looked at the association between major blood pressure and circadian rhythm regulatory centers in the brain, including the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and nucleus tractus solitarius (nTS). We also discuss the underlying social and economic issues in the United States and around the world. In conclusion, the evidence suggests that a high salt diet is associated with a blunted, non-dipping, or reverse dipping blood pressure pattern, which has been shown to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Further research is needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms by which high salt intake influences changes within the central nervous system.
Using an experiment among clinical experts to determine the cost and clinical impact of rapid whole exome sequencing in acute pediatric settings
Authors: Kapol Nattiya , Kamolvisit Wuttichart , Kongkiattikul Lalida , Huang-Ku Evan , Sribundit Namfon , Lochid-Amnuay Surasit , Samprasit Nathapol , Dulsamphan Thamonwan , Juntama Parntip , Suwanpanich Chotika , Boonsimma Ponghathai , Shotelersuk Vorasuk , Teerawattananon Yot
Published: July 2023

Objective

Evaluate the cost and clinical impacts of rapid whole-exome sequencing (rWES) for managing pediatric patients with unknown etiologies of critical illnesses through an expert elicitation experiment.

Method

Physicians in the intervention group (n = 10) could order rWES to complete three real-world case studies, while physicians in the control group (n = 8) could not. Costs and health outcomes between and within groups were compared.

Results

The cost incurred in the intervention group was consistently higher than the control by 60,000–70,000 THB. Fewer other investigation costs were incurred when rWES could provide a diagnosis. Less cost was incurred when an rWES that could lead to a change in management was ordered earlier. Diagnostic accuracy and the quality of non-pharmaceutical interventions were superior when rWES was available.

Conclusion

In acute pediatric settings, rWES offered clinical benefits at the average cost of 60,000–70,000 THB. Whether this test is cost-effective warrants further investigations. Several challenges, including cost and ethical concerns for assessing high-cost technology for rare diseases in resource-limited settings, were potentially overcome by our study design using expert elicitation methods.