bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Bauran Promosi yang Paling Berpengaruh terhadap Keputusan Mahasiswa Baru dalam Memilih Universitas Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa
Authors: Dono Imas nursiwan
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze the Influence of Promotion Mix which Most Influences on Student Decisions in Choosing Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa University. The research methodology used is descriptive quantitative method, the unit of analysis in this study is Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa University and the observation unit is the students of the Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa University. The population in this study were 4,270 respondents from Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa University. The technique for determining the number of samples used in this study is the Slovin formula and totals 135 respondents. The research method used is data collection techniques through questionnaires which are carried out systematically in accordance with the research objectives. The analysis method used to solve problems and prove the hypothesis is descriptive analysis and regression analysis. This analysis includes validity and reliability tests, classic assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, hypothesis testing through the F test and t test, the coefficient of determination (R2) and thetest Standardized Beta Coefficient. The results of the F test show that simultaneously Advertising, Personal Selling, Sales Promotion and Publicity have a positive and significant effect on student decisions in choosing Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa University. The results of the t test partially show that the Advertising variable and the Sales Promotion variable have a positive and significant effect on student decisions in choosing Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa University, the Personal Selling variable and the Publicity variable have no positive or significant effect on student decisions in choosing Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa University. The results of the coefficient of determination (R2) test show that student decisions are influenced by the variables of Advertising, Personal Selling, Sales Promotion, and Publicity, while the rest is explained by other variables not discussed in this study. Judging from the results of Standarized Beta Coefficient, it shows that the most dominant variable in this study and the most influential on student decisions is advertising.
Analysis of the influence of chlorides in the mechanical behaviour of high-performance steel fibre reinforced cementitious composites
Authors: De Melo Vieira Mylene , Henrique P Cavalaro Sergio , Aguado Antonio
Published: June 2021

Steel fibres are used in high amounts in high-performance steel fibre reinforced cementitious composite (HPSFRCCs) and ultra-high-performance steel fibre reinforced cementitious composite (UHPSFRCCs) to enhance its structural performance. Due to the amount and randomly distribution of steel fibres in the cementitious matrix a level of damage in the aesthetic and mechanical response of fibres may be expected for structures under chloride exposition. This work aims to assess the structural behaviour of uncracked HPSFRCCs subjected to chlorides. Eight mixes of HPSFRCCs with different fibre content (40, 80, 120 and 160 kg/m3), with and without chlorides added to the mixes were designed. Prismatic specimens were cast and exposed to two curing conditions: initially in wet room and then in climatic room. The mechanical properties were obtained by means of the 3-point bending tests. The presence of corrosion in cross-section of the specimens were also analysed after mechanical tests by means of visual inspection. The results showed that the chloride added to the mixes has little influence on the post-cracking response of fibres.
Equisetum arvense L aqueous extract: a novel chemotherapeutic supplement for treatment of human colon carcinoma
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhang Luojun , Zheng Guangtao , Luo Haiping , El-kott Attalla F. , El-kenawy Ayman E.
Published: June 2021

Introduction

One of the plants that has long been considered by humans is Equisetum arvense L. Equisetum arvense L is now recommended for external use to heal wounds and for internal use to relieve urinary tract and prostate disorders. In the current study, the antioxidant, cytotoxicity, and anti-human lung cancer properties of Equisetum arvense were investigated in in vitro conditions.

Material and methods

Total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, radical scavenging activity, and ferrous ion chelating were assessed to evaluate the antioxidant activity. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was chosen to investigate anticancer activity of the plant extract.

Results

The plant extract scavenged 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) as a free radical with an IC50 of 12.3 ±0.7 µg/ml better than positive controls. The plant was also rich in phenolic compounds with an amount of 396.2 ±3.2 mg GAE/g for total phenolic content. In the MTT assay, human colorectal carcinoma (HCT-8 [HRT-18], Ramos.2G6.4C10, HT-29, and HCT 116) and normal cell lines (HUVEC) were used to study the cytotoxicity and anticancer potential of Equisetum arvense L against human colorectal cancer.

Conclusions

The cell viability of Equisetum arvense L was very low against human colorectal carcinoma cell lines without any cytotoxicity towards the normal (HUVEC) cell line. The best anti-human colorectal carcinoma properties of Equisetum arvense L against the above cell lines were observed in the case of the HT 29 cell line.
ĐÁNH GIÁ KẾT QUẢ CHẨN ĐOÁN DI CĂN HẠCH Ở BỆNH NHÂN UNG THƯ PHỔI KHÔNG TẾ BÀO NHỎ ĐƯỢC PHẪU THUẬT NỘI SOI ĐIỀU TRỊ TẠI BỆNH VIỆN QUÂN Y 103
Authors: Anh Hải Vũ , Việt Anh Lê , Văn Nam Nguyễn
Published: June 2021

Mục tiêu: Nhận xét kết quả vét hạch ở bệnh nhân ung thư phổi không tế bào nhỏ bằng phẫu thuật nội soi và đánh giá vai trò chụp cắt lớp vi tính lồng ngực và PET/CT trong chẩn đoán hạch di căn. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu mô tả trên 80 bệnh nhân ung thư phổi không tế bào nhỏ được cắt thùy phổi vét hạch bằng phẫu thuật nội soi. Kết quả: Tỷ lệ nam/nữ là 4,7/1, tuổi trung bình là 55,9 ± 8,9. Típ mô bệnh chiếm chủ yếu là biểu mô tuyến (95%), tế bào vảy 5%. Giai đoạn TNM trước mổ lần lượt là: IA (40%), IB (15%), IIA (17,5%), IIB (17,5%) và IIIA (10%). Thùy phổi được cắt chủ yếu là thùy trên (31,2% bên phải và 23,8% bên trái). Số trạm hạch N1 và N2 trung bình vét được trong mổ lần lượt là 1,8±0,8 và 1,8±0,7. Độ nhạy, độ đặc hiệu của CT trong chẩn đoán di căn hạch N1 là 50,0%, 83,8%; N2 là 62,5%, 86,1%. Kết quả tương ứng của PET/CT với hạch N1 là 97,7; 83,3 và N2 là 97,5% và 83,3%. Kết luận: Vét hạch bằng phẫu thuật nội soi khả thi, hiệu quả. Áp dụng PET/CT trong chẩn đoán di căn hạch trước mổ đạt hiệu quả cao.
HIỆU QUẢ CẢI THIỆN SỐ LƯỢNG TIỂU CẦU CỦA THUỐC KHÁNG VIRUS TRỰC TIẾP Ở BỆNH NHÂN VIÊM GAN VIRUS C MẠN TÍNH
Authors: Duy Thông Võ , Thị Thu Vân Bùi
Published: June 2021

Mục tiêu: Khảo sát hiệu quả cải thiện số lượng tiểu cầu của thuốc kháng virus trực tiếp ở bệnh nhân viêm gan virus C mạn tính. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Mô tả cắt ngang hồi cứu trên 109 hồ sơ bệnh án của bệnh nhân viêm gan virus C mạn đến khám và điều trị ngoại trú tại Phòng khám viêm gan - Bệnh viện Đại học Y Dược TP. Hồ Chí Minh, thời gian từ tháng 01/2016 đến 6/2020. Bệnh nhân được chỉ định điều trị bằng các phác đồ thuốc kháng virus trực tiếp (DAA) (không có IFN và ribavirin) và có xét nghiệm số lượng tiểu cầu trước, trong và sau khi kết thúc điều trị 12 tuần. Kết quả: Tuổi trung bình trong nghiên cứu là 58,3 ± 12,6, với tỷ lệ nữ nhiều hơn nam và bệnh nhân không xơ gan chiếm tỷ lệ cao. Số lượng tiểu cầu được cải thiện sớm sau 4 tuần điều trị và mức tăng này vẫn tiếp tục sau 12 tuần điều trị. Phác đồ grazoprevir/elbasvir, sofosbuvir/daclatasvir, sofosbuvir/ ledipasvir vẫn giữ được mức tăng số lượng tiểu cầu sau khi đạt SVR. Kết luận: Các phác đồ DAA có hiệu quả cải thiện số lượng tiểu cầu ở bệnh nhân viêm gan virus C mạn.
MỐI LIÊN QUAN GIỮA THANG ĐIỂM IHC4 VÀ TÍP PHÂN TỬ CỦA UNG THƯ VÚ CÓ THỤ THỂ NỘI TIẾT DƯƠNG TÍNH GIAI ĐOẠN I-II
Authors: Văn Chủ Nguyễn , Thị Trang Chu
Published: June 2021

Phân tầng nguy cơ và phân typ phân tử ở bệnh nhân UTV giai đoạn sớm rất quan trọng, để đưa ra liệu pháp điều trị bổ trợ phù hợp, tránh điều trị quá mức hoặc dưới mức cho bệnh nhân. Mục tiêu: Đánh giá mối liên quan giữa các nhóm nguy cơ IHC4 với typ phân tử ung thư vú có thụ thể nội tiết giai đoạn I-II. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: 226 bệnh nhân ung thư vú được phân tầng nguy cơ theo IHC4 và phân typ phân tử bằng nhuộm HMMD với ER, PR, Her2/neu, Ki67 và đánh giá mối liên quan. Kết quả nghiên cứu: nhóm nguy cơ thấp hay gặp ở nhóm lòng ống A nhất (chiếm 73,7%). Trái lại, nhóm lòng ống B HER2+có tỉ lệ cao nhất (38,0%) ở IHC4 cao. Kết luận: Nhóm nguy cơ thấp chiếm tỷ lệ cao nhất ở typ lòng ống A, trái lại nhóm nguy cơ cao chủ yếu gặp ở typ lòng ống B HER2+.
MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN ĐẾN CHỈ SỐ HUYẾT ÁP TÂM THU CỔ CHÂN - CÁNH TAY Ở BỆNH NHÂN BỊ BỆNH ĐỘNG MẠCH CHI DƯỚI
Authors: Xuân Thủy Trần , Thị Thu Hương Đinh
Published: June 2021

Hoàn cảnh nghiên cứu: Phương pháp đo chỉ số huyết áp tâm thu cổ chân cánh tay (ABI) với phương tiện và kỹ thuật đơn giản, được khuyến cáo trong sàng lọc và chẩn đoán bệnh động mạch chi dưới. Các nghiên cứu trên thế giới cho thấy ABI không những có độ nhạy và độ đặc hiệu cao mà chỉ số này còn tương quan chặt chẽ với mức độ nặng của BĐMCD. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Là nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang trên 158 chi dưới ở 79 bệnh nhân bị BĐMCD. Bệnh nhân được chụp MSCT động mạch chi dưới, khám lâm sàng và đo chỉ số ABI. Sau đó tìm mối liên quan  giữa chỉ số ABI với các đặc điểm lâm sàng và tổn thương động mạch chi dưới trên phim chụp MSCT. Kết quả: Trị số ABI thấp hơn có ý nghĩa ở nhóm chi tổn thương từ hai động mạch trở lên so với nhóm chỉ có tổn thương một động mạch (p=0,002); ở nhóm chi tổn thương từ hai tầng mạch trở lên so với nhóm chỉ có tổn thương một tầng mạch (p=0,01); và ở nhóm chi có tắc hoàn toàn lòng động mạch so với nhóm chỉ có hẹp lòng động mạch (p<0,001).  Trị số ABI cũng thấp hơn có ý nghĩa ở nhóm chi triệu chứng đau so với nhóm chi không đau (p=0,001); ở nhóm chi có triệu chứng thiếu máu trầm trọng so với nhóm chi không có triệu chứng này (p=0,001). Kết luận: Chỉ số ABI tương quan có ý nghĩa với mức độ lâm sàng và mức độ tổn thương động mạch khi đối chiếu với chụp MSCT động mạch chi dưới.
KẾT QUẢ ĐÁP ỨNG ĐIỀU TRỊ VỚI THUỐC KHÁNG SỐT RÉT Ở TRẺ EM
Authors: Mạnh Tuấn Hà , Thị Anh Thư Hồ
Published: June 2021

Đặt vấn đề: Đã có những thay đổi về lâm sàng, nguyên nhân gây sốt rét trẻ em cũng như phương pháp điều trị. Đánh giá kết quả điều trị sốt rét trẻ em sẽ giúp cho khuyến cáo về việc kiểm soát bệnh hiệu quả. Phương pháp tiến hành: nghiên cứu mô tả loạt ca dựa trên hồ sơ bệnh án của bệnh nhi từ 1 tháng đến 15 tuổi được chẩn đoán là sốt rét bằng phết máu ngoại vi hoặc xét nghiệm chẩn đoán nhanh phát hiện kháng nguyên sốt rét nhập viện từ 01/ 01/2012 đến 30/ 01/ 2019. Kết quả: Có 47 trường hợp được đưa vào nghiên cứu. Tuổi mắc bệnh trung vị là 79 (49 – 137) tháng. Thời gian đáp ứng lâm sàng trung vị 2 (1-3) ngày; thời gian hết KSTSR trên phết máu trung vị là 3,5 (3 – 5) ngày. Thời gian điều trị thuốc kháng sốt rét ở bệnh nhân sốt rét nặng trung vị là 9,5 (6 – 12) ngày dài hơn so với sốt rét thường trung vị 4 (3 – 7) ngày. Tỷ lệ thành công trong điều trị là 97,9%. Kết luận: Đáp ứng của bệnh sốt rét trẻ em với điều trị là rất tốt. Cần phải tuân thủ chặt chẽ hướng dẫn điều trị, lâm sàng và xét nghiệm để đạt kết quả như mong muốn.
MỐI LIÊN QUAN GIỮA ĐA HÌNH GEN VKORC1-1639G>A, 1173C>T, CYP2C9*3 VÀ LIỀU THUỐC ACENOCOUMAROL Ở BỆNH NHÂN TIM MẠCH TẠI BỆNH VIỆN TRUNG ƯƠNG THÁI NGUYÊN
Authors: Thị Thùy Phạm , Thị Thu Hương Bùi , Thị Hương Nguyễn
Published: June 2021

Ở bệnh nhân mắc các bệnh lý về tim mạch có nguy cơ cao hình thành huyết khối thì việc dùng thuốc chống đông như acenocoumarol là hết sức cần thiết. Có nhiều yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến sự thay đổi liều giữa các cá thể người bệnh trong đó có đặc điểm về di truyền. Do vậy, nghiên cứu này được thực hiện với mục tiêu xác định mối liên quan giữa các đa hình gen VKORC1-1639G>A, 1173C>T và CYP2C9*3 với liều thuốc acenocoumarol ở bệnh nhân tim mạch tại bệnh viện Trung ương Thái Nguyên. Phương pháp: Xác định tần số alen, kiểu gen VKORC1-1639G>A, 1173C>T, CYP2C9*3 bằng kỹ thuật PCR-CTPP và giải trình tự gen. Kết quả: Tỷ lệ alen biến dị của VKORC1-1639G>A, 1173C>T và CYP2C9*3 lần lượt là 0,911, 0,901 và 0,023. Có mối liên quan giữa tuổi, chỉ số BMI và đa hình gen VKORC1-1639G>A, 1173C>T với liều thuốc chống đông acenocoumarol ở bệnh nhân mắc các bệnh lý về tim mạch tại bệnh viện Trung ương Thái Nguyên (p<0,05).
PHỤC HÌNH TOÀN HÀM CHO BỆNH NHÂN MÒN RĂNG NẶNG
Authors: Như Hải Phạm , Thị Như Trang Nguyễn
Published: June 2021

Việc kiểm soát mài mòn răng, đặc biệt là mòn răng nặng đã trở thành một chủ đề ngày càng được quan tâm trong chuyên ngành Răng hàm mặt. Phục hình toàn hàm tác động đến chức năng và thẩm mỹ. Điều quan trọng trong phục hình toàn hàm là xác định đúng kích thước dọc khớp cắn và khoảng nghỉ khớp cắn. Cách tiếp cận có hệ thống để kiểm soát mòn răng giúp tạo tiên lượng thuận lợi, có thể dự đoán trước được. Đây là báo cáo 1 trường hợp lâm sàng bệnh nhân bị mòn răng nặng với đề xuất 1 qui trình phục toàn hàm đơn giản, khác biệt.
Retrospective evaluation of primary anterior teeth injuries and prevalence of sequelae in their successors
Authors:   Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey, Oncag Ozant , Sarigol Candan Gurbuz ,   Alsancak Oral and Dental Health Center, Izmir, Turkey, Arabulan Sevgi ,   Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
Published: June 2021

Aim: Traumatic dental injuries occur frequently in children. Treatment and follow ups are important to avoid short and long term complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of sequelae in the permanent anterior teeth following the trauma in their predecessors in the period of 2005 to 2011. Methods: This study was performed retrospectively according the data from the records of 79 children (53 boys, 26 girls), who were treated for anterior deciduous tooth trauma. Of the 79 affected children (186 teeth), 35 (91 teeth, 22 boys and13 girls) were available for the follow-up examination. Kappa coefficient was calculated for inter-examiner reliability. Descriptive statistics including percentage and mean values were also calculated. Results: Sequelae were detected on 45(49.5%) of 91 successors of the traumatized deciduous teeth and enamel hypoplasia and/or discoloration was observed in 14 (31.1%) teeth. Eruption was disturbed in 14 (31.1%). In 13 teeth (28.9%) crown and root malformation, in three teeth (6.7%) only crown and in one tooth (2.2%) only root malformation was detected. Most frequent sequela of successors were observed after the intrusive luxation of the deciduous teeth (33%). Crown-root malformations of the successor teeth were most frequently occurred after the trauma at the age of 0 to 2 (61.53%). Conclusions: Early diagnosis and treatment of primary dental injuries and routine clinical and radiological follow up would minimize the sequelae which were observed in permanent successors..
Correction of an anterior and posterior crossbite case with a modified McNamara appliance: A case report
Authors:   Department of Basic and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto-SP, Brazil, Mendes Wendes Dias , Macedo de Menezes Luciane ,   School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre- RS, Brazil, Romano Fábio ,   Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto-SP, Brazil, Matsumoto Mírian Aiko Nakame ,   Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto-SP, Brazil, Stuani Maria Bernadete Sasso ,   Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto-SP, Brazil
Published: June 2021

Anterior and posterior crossbites are malocclusions in the sagittal and transversal dimensions, respectively. As self-correction is rare in these alterations, early interception is recommended to allow normal occlusion and facial development. This case report aimed to discuss the treatment of an eight-year-old boy with an increased inferior facial third, who was submitted for rapid maxillary expansion with a modified bonded appliance to solve both transversal and anteroposterior deficiencies. The correctionof both malocclusions was achieved within 21 days. The advantages of this procedure were to gain space in both arches, enlarge the maxillary arch, and improve nasal breathing. The interceptive therapy, as well as a well-planned appliance, proved to be effective and important for retrieving the patient ́s normal condition and quality of life.
New Practice in Accommodation Facilities After Covid-19: Safe Tourism Certification Program
Authors: ÇETİN Altan , COŞKUNER Mustafa
Published: June 2021

Covid-19 pandemic, as in many countries in social and economic activities in Turkey has affected in a negative way. One of the sectors that felt the most consequences of this effect is the tourism sector. Crisis management and precautionary policies are implemented in order to prevent possible problems that may arise in the tourism sector as in other sectors. The measures taken by both the state and the society in order to control the pandemic have been named as "New normal" and a new era has begun. The Ministry of Culture and Tourism has implemented the 'Safe Tourism Certification Program', which extends from tourism workers to visitors in Turkey, by taking a series of measures to ensure that all visitors have a holiday within this scope.The purpose of this study is to examine the Safe Tourism Certification Program, which includes the practices taken in the accommodation facilities with the circulars containing the sector-specific measures issued by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism. In the light of the evaluations, at the end of the study, it is revealed that consumers prioritize health and hygiene factors apart from their previous habits in the travel decision and purchasing process and make travel decisions according to the precautions taken.
O ALUNO SURDO E A ALFABETIZAÇÃO NA ESCOLA REGULAR
Authors: Wellington Gomes Lima Ezer , Moreira Pacheco de Souza Janaína , Martins de Souza Luana
Published: June 2021

O estudo concentra-se especificamente na área de alfabetização de alunos surdos nas escolas públicas, tendo em vista as inúmeras dificuldades enfrentadas por eles nessas instituições. Trata-se de uma pesquisa teórica, de natureza bibliográfica, que se constituiu a partir do levantamento da produção da área educacional sobre a temática. Por meio da análise a ser elaborada neste artigo, pretende-se ampliar o repertório docente acerca da inclusão de surdos na escola, sobretudo, pensando sobre as peculiaridades de cada aluno no processo de desenvolvimento da escrita, a partir da sua subjetividade, explorando assim, sua potencialidade enquanto sujeito aprendente. A inclusão dos alunos surdos na rede de ensino regular é garantida na Legislação de políticas educacionais vigentes, segundo a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação, porém, nota-se que a realidade de muitos desses alunos não se ajusta a essas políticas. É necessário criar contextos para que as funcionalidades e as variadas formas de leitura e escrita sejam experienciadas por esses estudantes, levando cada sujeito a descobrir o porquê, e como suprir sua necessidade individual no processo de aprendizagem. Defende-se o propósito de que o aluno surdo, por meio da vivência da liberdade de expressão, atua para além do espaço escolar, por isso precisa reconhecer-se como um sujeito social.
Transformation of geological sciences and geological engineering field methods course to remote delivery using manual, virtual, and blended tools in fall 2020
Authors: Day Jennifer Jane
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Geological (Engineering) Field Methods (GEOE/L 221) is a core course for two programs at Queen’s University in Kingston, Ontario, Canada where students learn foundational knowledge, skills, and methods to conduct field work that is used to investigate geological and geological engineering aspects of the Earth. Typically, this fall-term course involves weekly field trips in the Kingston area to visit a variety of rock outcrops to learn and practice methods of field navigation, observation, and measurement. Remote delivery of this course in fall 2020 due to COVID-19 without in-person field trips required a significant transformation, which included creating field and demonstration instructional videos, using 3D digital photogrammetry models of rock samples and outcrops, developing independent outdoor activities for pace and compass navigation, manual sketching and graphical measurements on paper, and utilizing a culminating immersive 3D video game style geological field mapping exercise. This paper examines these new course elements, how well the course learning objectives were achieved in a remote setting, and the successes and limitations of remote delivery. Although many new virtual elements enhance the course and should be incorporated to future offerings, a return to in-person field methods teaching for geological sciences and geological engineering courses is strongly recommended.
Evaluating the physical and biogeochemical state of the global ocean component of UKESM1 in CMIP6 historical simulations
Authors: Yool Andrew , Palmiéri Julien , Jones Colin G. , de Mora Lee , Kuhlbrodt Till , Popova Ekatarina E. , Nurser A. J. George , Hirschi Joel , Blaker Adam T. , Coward Andrew C. , Blockley Edward W. , Sellar Alistair A.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The ocean plays a key role in modulating the climate of the Earth system (ES). At the present time it is also a major sink both for the carbon dioxide (CO2) released by human activities and for the excess heat driven by the resulting atmospheric greenhouse effect. Understanding the ocean's role in these processes is critical for model projections of future change and its potential impacts on human societies. A necessary first step in assessing the credibility of such future projections is an evaluation of their performance against the present state of the ocean. Here we use a range of observational fields to validate the physical and biogeochemical performance of the ocean component of UKESM1, a new Earth system model (ESM) for CMIP6 built upon the HadGEM3-GC3.1 physical climate model. Analysis focuses on the realism of the ocean's physical state and circulation, its key elemental cycles, and its marine productivity. UKESM1 generally performs well across a broad spectrum of properties, but it exhibits a number of notable biases. Physically, these include a global warm bias inherited from model spin-up, excess northern sea ice but insufficient southern sea ice and sluggish interior circulation. Biogeochemical biases found include shallow remineralization of sinking organic matter, excessive iron stress in regions such as the equatorial Pacific, and generally lower surface alkalinity that results in decreased surface and interior dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations. The mechanisms driving these biases are explored to identify consequences for the behaviour of UKESM1 under future climate change scenarios and avenues for model improvement. Finally, across key biogeochemical properties, UKESM1 improves in performance relative to its CMIP5 precursor and performs well alongside its fellow members of the CMIP6 ensemble.
Geophysically based analysis of breakthrough curves and ion exchange processes in soil
Authors: Ben Moshe Shany , Kessouri Pauline , Erlich Dana , Furman Alex
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Breakthrough curves (BTCs) are a valuable tool for qualitative and quantitative examination of transport patterns in porous media. Although
breakthrough (BT) experiments are simple, they often require extensive sampling and multi-component chemical analysis. In this work, we examine
spectral induced polarization (SIP) signals measured along a soil column during BT experiments in homogeneous and heterogeneous soil profiles. Soil
profiles were equilibrated with an NaCl background solution, and then a constant flow of either CaCl2 or ZnCl2 solution
was applied. The SIP signature was recorded, and complementary ion analysis was performed on the collected outflow samples. Our results confirm that
changes to the pore-water composition, ion exchange processes and profile heterogeneity are detectable by SIP: the real part of the SIP-based BTCs
clearly indicated the BT of the non-reactive ions as well as the retarded BT of cations. The imaginary part of the SIP-based curves changed in
response to the alteration of ion mobility around the electrical double layer (EDL) and indicated the initiation and the termination of the cation
exchange reaction. Finally, both the real and imaginary components of the complex conductivity changed in response to the presence of a coarser
textured layer in the heterogeneous profile.
Hyperpolarization and the physical boundary of Liouville space
Authors: Levitt Malcolm H. , Bengs Christian
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The quantum state of a spin ensemble is described by a density operator, which corresponds to a point in the Liouville space of orthogonal spin operators. Valid density operators are confined to a particular region of Liouville space, which we call the physical region and which is bounded by multidimensional figures called simplexes. Each vertex of a simplex corresponds to a pure-state density operator. We provide examples for spins I=1/2, I=1, I=3/2 and for coupled pairs of spins-1/2. We use the von Neumann entropy as a criterion for hyperpolarization. It is shown that the inhomogeneous master equation for spin dynamics leads to non-physical results in some cases, a problem that may be avoided by using the Lindbladian master equation.
Model-based design of a wave-feedforward control strategy in floating wind turbines
Authors: Fontanella Alessandro , Al Mees , van Wingerden Jan-Willem , Belloli Marco
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Floating wind turbines rely on feedback-only control strategies to mitigate the negative effects of wave excitation. Improved power generation and lower fatigue loads can be achieved by including information about incoming waves in the turbine controller.
In this paper, a wave-feedforward control strategy is developed and implemented in a 10 MW floating wind turbine.
A linear model of the floating wind turbine is established and utilized to understand how wave excitation affects rotor speed and so power, as well as to show that collective pitch is suitable for reducing the effects of wave excitation.
A feedforward controller is designed based on the inversion of the linear model, and a gain-scheduling algorithm is proposed to adapt the feedforward action as wind speed changes.
The performance of the novel wave-feedforward controller is examined first by means of linear analysis and then with non-linear time-domain simulations in FAST.
This paper proves that including some information about incoming waves in the turbine controller can play a crucial role in improving power quality and the turbine fatigue life. In particular, the proposed wave-feedforward control strategy achieves this goal complementing the industry-standard feedback pitch controller.
Together with the wave-feedforward control strategy, this paper provides some insights about the response of floating wind turbines to collective-pitch control and waves, which could be useful in future control-design studies.
Wohltätigkeit, Selbsthilfe und organisierte Geselligkeit. Entwicklung, Funktion und Differenzierung des Vereinswesens
Authors: Hinterndorfer Peter
Published: June 2021

Charity, Self-Help and Organized Sociality. Development, Function and Differentiation of Associations. Associations emerged from the late 18th century onwards as a form that enabled people from different social classes to come together to fulfil a specific purpose, thus increasingly replacing earlier forms of organisation such as corporations. On the basis of existing literature and theoretical approaches from historical and sociological research, the chapter discusses the functions of associations and presents a typological classification as associations with a public purpose, self-help associations and leisure associations. The differentiation between associations and their rapid quantitative development in the last third of the 19th century illustrate the extent of the overall social importance associations achieved. The exemplary view of the associations in the small Lower Austrian town of Zwettl shows the dynamic interaction between associations and administrative authorities and their development into important actors in the local public sphere.
Ungleiche Geschwister. Wien und die Städte Niederösterreichs
Authors: Eigner Peter , Martsch Maximilian
Published: June 2021

Unequal Siblings. Vienna and the Cities of Lower Austria. This chapter discusses the development of Lower Austrian cities in the 19th century. Based on typological distinctions and case studies, it investigates the intertwinement of urbanization and industrialization. These processes brought about the transformation of urban living and the formation of new hierarchies within and between cities. The dominance of the metropolis of Vienna impeded the emergence of a multipolar urban landscape and led to the deepening of structural and regional inequalities in the long run. In the shadow of the metropolis, small and medium-sized towns established specific forms of “modernity” and “urbanity”, which had a tangible influence on infrastructural expansion and urban redevelopment.
Die Anfänge der Volksmusikbewegung. Begriffsbestimmung und Sammelstrategien
Authors: Gretzel Peter
Published: June 2021

The beginnings of the folk music movement. Definition and collecting strategies. In the 19th century, a folk music movement emerged in Lower Austria, fueled by the 18th century’s awakening interest in everything to do with the “peasantry”. One of the main characteristics and inspirations of this movement was the collecting, gathering and transliterating of songs and tunes handed down orally. The lack of a clearly defined concept of folk music due to the absence of scholarly folk music research led to diverging collectors’ movements and strategies; the collections reveal a conflict between national and supranational tendencies (Gesamtsstaatspatriotismus), both of which served the documentation and the cultivation of folk music on the part of the cultured classes. This “authentic” and collected folk music was intended as a counterbalance to the commercial interpretations performed on stages by “national singers”. Via dedicated collections, the folk music movement essentially shaped the folk-musical topography of the 19th century.
Introduction: Justice, Legitimacy, And Secession
Authors: Morales-Gálvez Sergi
Published: June 2021

Politics is about managing conflict, about how we should live together (Arendt, 2015, p. 131). Many traditions of thought and political thinkers have nonetheless taken this shared space of conflict, this we the people, as a given. The people is considered as a necessary precondition for politics. What happens when a part of this we disagrees with that? When, for some, this shared community is not taken as a given and claim their right to secede and build their own independent political community. Such claims bear on the fundamental questions: who is the “demos”? who are the people entitled to self-government?’
In a democracy, what makes an external self-determination claim reasonable? Some reflections on the moral aspect of the question
Authors: Vergés Joan
Published: June 2021

The central part of this article deals with the morality of secession. We present the three main "pure" theories about the morality of secession and suggest the greatest justifying power of an "impure" or mixed theory. At the same time, however, we advocate the need for a proper understanding of the question of the morality of secession. More specifically, we suggest that the best way to raise it is by introducing the notion of "reasonableness" into the question itself.
La teoría (de la secesión) de la minoría permanente a la luz de la democracia deliberativa
Authors: Ovejero Félix
Published: June 2021

Este artículo utiliza la perspectiva de la democracia deliberativa para evaluar la teoría de la minoría permanente como posible motivo de secesión. Según esta teoría, los catalanes (o vascos) constituyen minorías permanentes que, en ningún caso, podrían obtener las mayorías parlamentarias que les permitan separarse. Históricamente, esta circunstancia habría propiciado las condiciones para un abuso permanente. Hoy en día, impediría el éxito de los procesos de secesión, lo que no dejaría otra alternativa que eludir los medios democráticos. El artículo concluye que este argumento resulta incompatible con los ideales de la democracia deliberativa. En el mejor de los casos, la teoría colapsa en la tesis de la secesión como reparación: si los intereses de la minoría han sido adecuadamente considerados en un proceso deliberativo, las decisiones de la mayoría están justificadas y por lo tanto no generan un derecho de secesión; si esos intereses han sido ignorados, las decisiones no cumplen con los estándares deliberativos y acaban en el clásico derecho a la secesión de la teoría de la reparación.
Theories of the Right of Secession: A Republican Analysis
Authors: Perez-Lozano Lluis
Published: June 2021

Republican theorists have paid little attention to the normative problems of secession conflicts. So far, there is no such thing as a democratic republican theory of right of secession (TRS); nor any comprehensive analysis of current TRS has ever been undertaken from a democratic republican point of view. This article tries to fill this second gap as a first step in order to fill that first one. In doing so, it shows how secession conflicts pose threats for two core democratic republican values: freedom and inclusion. The threats are, concretely, those of exclusion, blackmailing minorities, arbitrary permanent majorities, and instability. The article also shows how, due to their respective pro-unionist or pro-secessionist biases, no current TRS seems to be able to handle those threats; and briefly outlines how a democratic republican TRS, based on a non-unilateralist logic, could be developed.
Effects of Differences in Doses of Low-Molecular Weight Heparin in Severe COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Altınkaya Çavuş Mine , Sav Hafize
Published: June 2021

Objective: The most prominent clinical finding in severe COVID-19 patients is endothelial damage. For these reasons, active administration of anticoagulants (such as heparin) is recommended to patients with severe COVID-19. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of different doses of low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) on severe COVID-19 patients. Methods: This study was performed retrospectively in intensive care unit of a tertiary referral hospital. PCR (polymerase chain reaction) positive (+) patients were included in the study. Patients’ demographic data, length of stay in the hospital and intensive care unit, laboratory values (D-dimer, CRP, creatinine) on the last day of intensive care stay, mortality and invasive mechanical ventilator needs were recorded. Group O: consisted of patients not receiving anticoagulants, and Group 1 received a single daily dose of 40 mg enoxaparin sodium (equivalent to 4000 anti-Xa IU), and Group 2 received 2 daily doses of 1 mg/kg enoxaparin sodium. Results: A total of 191 patients were included in the study. 45% of the patients were female (n: 86), 55% were male. The mean age was found to be 67.6 ± 13.8. Patient numbers; group 0: 12, group 1: 90, group 2: 89. 7-day mortality was 50% in group 0, 22.2% in group 2, and 23.5% in group 3 (p value <0.05). Conclusion: In a recent lung dissection report in critically ill patient with COVID-19; occlusion of pulmonary small vessels and formation of microthrombosis have been demonstrated. Prophylactic doses of LMWH are used more frequently. Some studies have suggested that septic patients may benefit from early diagnosis and specific treatment. As a result; in severe COVID-19 patients with limited mobilization, all doses of LMWH reduce morbidity and mortality.
ANALIZE OF FATAL FIRES IN ROAD TUNNELS AND MEASURES OF ITS PREVENTING
Authors: Lanchava Omar
Published: June 2021

In this work are reviewed examples of accidents during ﬁre in short worldwide tunnels. There is mentioned that nowadays, in short tunnels it is not recommended construction of mechanical ventilation, in according to the standards of developed countries. Notwithstanding of these recommendations, it is shown in this work, that for short tunnels the risk of ﬁre is great and results of ﬁre would be unsafe. Offered the measures of ﬁre prevention in the short tunnels, among which should be noted: modernization of infrastructure of tunnels; its equipment with emergency ventilation and with instrumentation; staff training and lifeguard; training of the emergency ventilation operational procedures to assist in the evacuation or rescue, or both, of motorists from the tunnel; In all cases, the desired goal shall be to provide an evacuation path for motorists who are exiting from the tunnel and to facilitate ﬁre-ﬁghting operations; entering of schedules for large and dangerous cargo; Information support and popularization of given questions. In this work testing, training and education are considered as tools to improve the safety and security of underground short tunnels.
Diseño de la etapa de potencia y de control para un vehículo eléctrico experimental
Authors: Arnez Mercado Brenda Nicole , Montaño Bautista Edson Gaston
Published: June 2021

Se realizó el diseño del circuito de control y la etapa de potencia para un vehículo eléctrico experimental con dos motores de corriente continua sin escobillas (motor Brushless - BLDC) en rueda de 40 kW cada uno, que distribuye la energía proveniente del banco de baterías de litio seleccionado LiFeMnPO4 de 230 Vdc y 100 Ah, definido por el consumo de voltaje y corriente de ambos motores de 205 Vdc y 500 A, según la necesidad de torque de un vehículo de 1000 kg, calculado a partir del análisis dinámico y el cálculo de los parámetros eléctricos de consumo según las gráficas de performance del motor. 
La etapa de control recibe las señales de entradas definidas como el acelerador, el freno, la dirección de marcha y el giro del volante, estas se procesan y envían la información a los microcontroladores esclavos de cada motor; según la secuencia de los tres sensores de posición hall de cada rueda, además de controlar las señales de giro por medio del modelo Ackerman-Jeantand con un sistema electrónico diferencial.
La etapa de potencia se diseñó para recibir las señales de activación y la distribución de energía por señales de modulación de ancho de pulso (PWM), que activan el inversor trifásico de cada motor conformado por grupos de seis pares de transistores de efecto de campo metal –óxido – semiconductor (MOSFET) conectados en paralelo para cada bobina de los motores. Se calculó y seleccionó la protección, la instrumentación del banco de baterías y los conductores de conexión de los motores. Finalmente, mediante el análisis de costos se determinó que los elementos, que constituyen el total del proyecto, tienen un costo de 11521 dólares americanos.
Landfill Gas Flow — Effects of Asymmetry
Authors: Keenan Seth , Nec Yana , Huculak Greg
Published: June 2021

Waste disposal is the responsibility of cities throughout the world. The most common method in North America is to bury waste in landfills. Landfill operators comply with regulations to control hazardous emissions known as landfill gas (LFG). The gas is extracted via horizontal or vertical
wells and removed from the site. This study examines arrays of horizontal wells placed side by side or stacked, and resultant landfill gas flux between adjacent cells. A landfill's lifetime often sees changes in the number, relative location and efficacy of wells. The ability to predict the
response of an array of wells to variation in a single well's fu nctionality is an essential aspect of landfill design and operation. The integrated normal flux between cells is identified as a salient quantity required to construct such prediction models. Numerical solution of flow equations
reveals a stunningly simple dependence of the flux on the relative suction strength of proximate cells in a wide range of operational conditions. The flux is one of scarcely few parameters accessible in the field with relative ease and certainty, and thus traceable over time. This property
makes the proposed models easy to construct, implement and adjust in practice in custom configurations.
Recycling of Stone Cutting Waste In the Construction Sector: A Review
Authors: Al-Zboon Kamel , Masoud Talal
Published: June 2021

Huge amounts of stone cutting waste are generated annually posing a heavy environmental load on nature and resulting in economic challenge to the plants' owners. The conducted researches in this field showed that stone, marble and granite waste could be reused in many applications.
This paper aims to investigate the possible application of stone cutting waste in the construction sector. Review process includes investigation of the conducted researches, outcomes of the performed projects, and the impact of this waste on the characteristics of concrete compressive strength,
flexural strength, splitting strength, concrete workability, bricks strength, terrazzo tile strength and soil properties. The results revealed that at suitable substitution ratio, this waste can increase the compressive strength of concrete up to 21%, the flexural strength by 33% and splitting
strength by 4.3%. In contrast, the compressive strength of bricks decreased by up to 67% at replacement ratio of 100%, and the transverse strength of tiles decreased up to 18% at replacement ratio of 50%. Replacement of soil with stone cutting waste resulted in an improvement in the characteristics
of cohesive and sandy soil. Concrete workability decreased significantly with replacement of normal aggregate with stone cutting waste. Such results buttressed the feasibility of reusing this material in the construction sector, which reduces the cost of storage and disposal, and creates a
nonconventional income.
Strategies for Enhancing Programming in Local Juvenile Courts: Logic Models and Quality Assurance Procedures
Authors: Julian David , Bussell Keli , Kapa Ryan , Little Alexis , Renshaw Scott , Ross Melissa
Published: June 2021

The authors provide a case-study related to a recent project using program logic models as a primary component in the implementation of a formal quality assurance process in a local juvenile court. Program logic models illustrate the evolution of court personnel’s thoughts about how best to conceptualize programming. Juvenile court officials are developing and implementing formal “quality assurance” procedures to allow for ongoing planning and program development. The authors argue that quality assurance procedures hold great promise for assuring that juvenile court programming is efficient and effective and serves the needs of local communities.
Impact of PVC mixtures of the Electrical Conduit on the Physical Properties
Authors: Esmail Abdelhamid
Published: June 2021

The use of PVC mixtures in the manufacturing of electrical conduit has been employed for a long time along with other materials. In this study, the impact of changing the ratio of the components of the PVC mixtures on the physical properties of the electrical conduit was investigated. The emphasis was placed on three properties: Density, Tensile Strength and Soft Point. The application of the electrical conduit controls the types of materials and their percentages. Physical properties of the PVC products are the most important factors that help to choose compared with other materials. These properties change with the change of the chemical components of the PVC mixture. The study discussed how to enhance and improve these properties by controlling the proportions of some substances in the PVC mixtures. This article aims to demonstrate the strong relationship between PVC polymer, calcium and stabilizers and the physical properties of the electrical conduit. The focus concentrated on three components in the mixture and three physical properties. Random samples were taken to calculate the average percentages of the components in the mixtures. Various tools and several statistical methods were used such as correlation coefficients and scatter charts to prove the relationship between the ratios of the materials and the respective properties. The correlation coefficients between the PVC polymer, stabilizers, calcium, and the density, tensile strength, vicat soft points were (0.92, 0.83, 0.82) respectively. Decreasing the PVC polymer by (17.1%) has caused an increase in the density of the conduit by (2%). Finally, the physical properties of PVC mixtures could be improved by changing component ratios to reach the optimized mixture for the specific application, taking into account other competitive issues such as the final price of the product, environmental impact, and other issues.
Nonlinear Analysis of Rectangular Laminated Plates Using Large Deflection Theory
Authors: Osama M. Mardi
Published: June 2021

Dynamic Relaxation (DR) method is presented for the geometrically nonlinear laterally loaded, rectangular laminated plates. The analysis uses the Mindlin plate theory which accounts for transverse shear deformation. A FORTRAN program has been compiled. The convergence and accuracy of the DR solutions for elastic large deflection response are established by comparison with various exact and approximate solutions. New numerical results are generated for uniformly loaded square laminated plates which serve to quantify the effects of shear deformation, material anisotropy, fiber orientation, and coupling between bending and stretching.
It was found that linear analysis seriously over predicts deflection of plates. The shear deflection depends greatly on a number of factors such as length to thickness ratio, degree of anisotropy, number of layers and aspect ratio. It was also found that coupling between bending and stretching can increase or decrease the bending stiffness of a laminate depending on whether it is positive or negative.
السكك الحديدية السورية دراسة مقارنة مع شبكات السكك العربية والعالمية
Authors: عباس داؤد شفيق
Published: June 2021

Syria is potentially an ideal country for railway operations. A large proportion of the population and economic activities is concentrated on a North – South and east – west axis. The distances between major cities are generally those for which rail is most competitive on inter–city passenger and freight transport services.
The railway network services connect:
• Production centers with consumption centers (domestic transport).
• Production centers with export gates to Iraq, Turkey, Ports of Tartous and Lattakia and Syrian Free Zones.
• Consumption and manufacturing centers with import gates (Iraq, Turkey, Ports of Tartous and Lattakia).
• Transit corridors particularly the north-south corridor from Turkey (and beyond) to Iraq and west-east corridor from the Syrian Ports to Iraq (2 directions for both corridors).
• In the future, Jordan and Lebanon will be connected to the Syrian Railway Network.
Syria and its neighboring Middle East countries have been engaged in constructive discussions, within the framework of "Director General Middle East organization" (DGMO), to connect their railway networks and to improve the rail transport services between these countries. DGMO consists of Syria, Iran, Turkey, Egypt, Iraq, Lebanon, Jordan and Saudi Arabia. Other Arab Gulf states, Central Asian countries, Pakistan, Afghanistan and India are not members yet, but in the future their railway networks will be linked to the DGMO members’ railway networks after the development of DGMO’ network.
It's important for Syria to develop its railway network in order to serve international railway transport along main regional routes.