bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Case for Description
Authors: Holmes Carolyn E. , Guliford Meg K. , Mendoza-Davé Mary Anne S. , Jurkovich Michelle
Published: November 2023

Descriptive research—work aimed at answering “who,” “what,” “when,” “where,” and “how” questions—is vital at every stage of social scientific inquiry. The creative and analytic process of description—through concepts, measures, or cases, whether in numeric or narrative form—is crucial for conducting research aimed at understanding politics in action. Yet, our field tends to devalue such work as “merely descriptive” (Gerring 2012), subsidiary to or less valuable than hypothesis-drive causal inference. This article posits four key areas in which description contributes to political science: in conceptualization, in policy relevance, in the management and leveraging of data, and in challenging entrenched biases and diversifying our field.
Patterns of Surface Warming Matter for Climate Sensitivity
Authors: Rugenstein Maria , Zelinka Mark , Karnauskas Kristopher , Ceppi Paulo , Andrews Timothy
Published: November 2023

Location, location, location. Surface temperature patterns play a fundamental role in Earth’s energy budget.
Foundations in Data Analysis for Undergraduate STEM Students
Authors: Liemohn Michael
Published: November 2023

A new textbook serves as an initial course in scientific data analysis and hypothesis testing designed for students in all science, technology, engineering, and mathematics disciplines.
Carbon Outgassing in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current Is Supported by Ekman Transport From the Sea Ice Zone in an Observation‐Based Seasonal Mixed‐Layer Budget
Authors: Sauvé Jade , Gray Alison R. , Prend Channing J. , Bushinsky Seth M. , Riser Stephen C.
Published: November 2023

Despite its importance for the global cycling of carbon, there are still large gaps in our understanding of the processes driving annual and seasonal carbon fluxes in the high‐latitude Southern Ocean. This is due in part to a historical paucity of observations in this remote, turbulent, and seasonally ice‐covered region. Here, we use autonomous biogeochemical float data spanning 6 full seasonal cycles and with circumpolar coverage of the Southern Ocean, complemented by atmospheric reanalysis, to construct a monthly climatology of the mixed layer budget of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). We investigate the processes that determine the annual mean and seasonal cycle of DIC fluxes in two different zones of the Southern Ocean—the Sea Ice Zone (SIZ) and Antarctic Southern Zone (ASZ). We find that, annually, mixing with carbon‐rich waters at the base of the mixed layer supplies DIC which is, in the ASZ, either used for net biological production or outgassed to the atmosphere. In contrast, in the SIZ, where carbon outgassing and the biological pump are weaker, the surplus of DIC is instead advected northward to the ASZ. In other words, carbon outgassing in the southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), which has been attributed to remineralized carbon from deep water upwelled in the ACC, is also due to the wind‐driven transport of DIC from the SIZ. These results stem from the first observation‐based carbon budget of the circumpolar Southern Ocean and thus provide a useful benchmark to evaluate climate models, which have significant biases in this region.
Fibroblasts in metastatic lymph nodes confer cisplatin resistance to ESCC tumor cells via PI16
Authors: Liang Lily , Zhang Xu , Su Xiaodong , Zeng Tingting , Suo Daqin , Yun Jingping , Wang Xin , Guan Xin-Yuan , Li Yan
Published: November 2023

Although many studies have compared tumor fibroblasts (T-Fbs) and nontumor fibroblasts (N-Fbs), less is understood about the stromal contribution of metastatic lymph node fibroblasts (LN-Fbs) to the evolving microenvironment. Here, we explored the characteristics of LN-Fbs in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and the interactions between fibroblasts and ESCC tumor cells in metastatic lymph nodes. Fibroblasts were isolated from tumor, nontumor and metastatic lymph node tissues from different patients with ESCC. Transcriptome sequencing was performed on the fibroblasts. Tumor growth and drug-resistance assays were carried out, and characteristics of T-Fbs, N-Fbs and LN-Fbs were determined. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to assay the culture medium of fibroblasts. The results demonstrated that fibroblasts derived from different tissues had different characteristics. Coculture with LN-Fbs conditioned medium inhibited ESCC tumor cell growth and induced chemoresistance in ESCC cells. LN-Fbs induced chemoresistance to cisplatin in ESCC cells by secreting PI16. Coculture with LN-Fbs conditioned medium decreased cisplatin-induced apoptosis in ESCC cells by regulating the p38 and JNK cell signaling pathways. Survival analyses showed that patients with high PI16 expression in Fbs of lymph nodes exhibited worse overall survival. We also examined PI16 expression in interstitial tissues in ESCC tumor samples of patients receiving platinum-based therapy postsurgery and found that high PI16 expression in tumor interstitial tissues was an independent prognostic factor for ESCC patients. In addition, an in vivo assay demonstrated that PI16 knockdown increased the sensitivity of ESCC cells to cisplatin. Our results suggest that fibroblasts in metastatic lymph nodes decrease apoptosis of ESCC cells via PI16, thereby providing a cisplatin-resistance niche and supporting ESCC tumor cells to survive in metastatic lymph nodes. PI16 is also a potential target for effectively blocking the chemoresistance niche signaling circuit in response to cisplatin.
ARF1 prevents aberrant type I interferon induction by regulating STING activation and recycling
Authors: Hirschenberger Maximilian , Lepelley Alice , Rupp Ulrich , Klute Susanne , Hunszinger Victoria , Koepke Lennart , Merold Veronika , Didry-Barca Blaise , Wondany Fanny , Bergner Tim , Moreau Tatiana , Rodero Mathieu P. , Rösler Reinhild , Wiese Sebastian , Volpi Stefano , Gattorno Marco , Papa Riccardo , Lynch Sally-Ann , Haug Marte G. , Houge Gunnar , Wigby Kristen M. , Sprague Jessica , Lenberg Jerica , Read Clarissa , Walther Paul , Michaelis Jens , Kirchhoff Frank , de Oliveira Mann Carina C. , Crow Yanick J. , Sparrer Konstantin M. J.
Published: November 2023

Type I interferon (IFN) signalling is tightly controlled. Upon recognition of DNA by cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), stimulator of interferon genes (STING) translocates along the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi axis to induce IFN signalling. Termination is achieved through autophagic degradation or recycling of STING by retrograde Golgi-to-ER transport. Here, we identify the GTPase ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1) as a crucial negative regulator of cGAS-STING signalling. Heterozygous ARF1 missense mutations cause a previously unrecognized type I interferonopathy associated with enhanced IFN-stimulated gene expression. Disease-associated, GTPase-defective ARF1 increases cGAS-STING dependent type I IFN signalling in cell lines and primary patient cells. Mechanistically, mutated ARF1 perturbs mitochondrial morphology, causing cGAS activation by aberrant mitochondrial DNA release, and leads to accumulation of active STING at the Golgi/ERGIC due to defective retrograde transport. Our data show an unexpected dual role of ARF1 in maintaining cGAS-STING homeostasis, through promotion of mitochondrial integrity and STING recycling.
Online dynamical learning and sequence memory with neuromorphic nanowire networks
Authors: Zhu Ruomin , Lilak Sam , Loeffler Alon , Lizier Joseph , Stieg Adam , Gimzewski James , Kuncic Zdenka
Published: November 2023

Nanowire Networks (NWNs) belong to an emerging class of neuromorphic systems that exploit the unique physical properties of nanostructured materials. In addition to their neural network-like physical structure, NWNs also exhibit resistive memory switching in response to electrical inputs due to synapse-like changes in conductance at nanowire-nanowire cross-point junctions. Previous studies have demonstrated how the neuromorphic dynamics generated by NWNs can be harnessed for temporal learning tasks. This study extends these findings further by demonstrating online learning from spatiotemporal dynamical features using image classification and sequence memory recall tasks implemented on an NWN device. Applied to the MNIST handwritten digit classification task, online dynamical learning with the NWN device achieves an overall accuracy of 93.4%. Additionally, we find a correlation between the classification accuracy of individual digit classes and mutual information. The sequence memory task reveals how memory patterns embedded in the dynamical features enable online learning and recall of a spatiotemporal sequence pattern. Overall, these results provide proof-of-concept of online learning from spatiotemporal dynamics using NWNs and further elucidate how memory can enhance learning.
Nanosensitizer-mediated augmentation of sonodynamic therapy efficacy and antitumor immunity
Authors: Li Yongjiang , Chen Wei , Kang Yong , Zhen Xueyan , Zhou Zhuoming , Liu Chuang , Chen Shuying , Huang Xiangang , Liu Hai-Jun , Koo Seyoung , Kong Na , Ji Xiaoyuan , Xie Tian , Tao Wei
Published: November 2023

The dense stroma of desmoplastic tumor limits nanotherapeutic penetration and hampers the antitumor immune response. Here, we report a denaturation-and-penetration strategy and the use of tin monosulfide nanoparticles (SnSNPs) as nano-sonosensitizers that can overcome the stromal barrier for the management of desmoplastic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). SnSNPs possess a narrow bandgap (1.18 eV), allowing for efficient electron (e−)-hole (h+) pair separation to generate reactive oxygen species under US activation. More importantly, SnSNPs display mild photothermal properties that can in situ denature tumor collagen and facilitate deep penetration into the tumor mass upon near-infrared irradiation. This approach significantly enhances sonodynamic therapy (SDT) by SnSNPs and boosts antitumor immunity. In mouse models of malignant TNBC and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the combination of robust SDT and enhanced cytotoxic T lymphocyte infiltration achieves remarkable anti-tumor efficacy. This study presents an innovative approach to enhance SDT and antitumor immunity using the denaturation-and-penetration strategy, offering a potential combined sono-immunotherapy approach for the cancer nanomedicine field.
Increasing ocean wave energy observed in Earth’s seismic wavefield since the late 20th century
Authors: Aster Richard C. , Ringler Adam T. , Anthony Robert E. , Lee Thomas A.
Published: November 2023

Ocean waves excite continuous globally observable seismic signals. We use data from 52 globally distributed seismographs to analyze the vertical component primary microseism wavefield at 14–20 s period between the late 1980s and August 2022. This signal is principally composed of Rayleigh waves generated by ocean wave seafloor tractions at less than several hundred meters depth, and is thus a proxy for near-coastal swell activity. Here we show that increasing seismic amplitudes at 3σ significance occur at 41 (79%) and negative trends occur at 3σ significance at eight (15%) sites. The greatest absolute increase occurs for the Antarctic Peninsula with respective acceleration amplitude and energy trends ( ± 3σ) of 0.037 ± 0.008 nm s−2y−1 (0.36 ± 0.08% y−1) and 4.16 ± 1.07 nm2 s−2y−1 (0.58 ± 0.15% y−1), where percentage trends are relative to historical medians. The inferred global mean near-coastal ocean wave energy increase rate is 0.27 ± 0.03% y−1 for all data and is 0.35 ± 0.04% y−1 since 1 January 2000. Strongly correlated seismic amplitude station histories occur to beyond 50∘ of separation and show regional-to-global associations with El Niño and La Niña events.
One-atom-thick hexagonal boron nitride co-catalyst for enhanced oxygen evolution reactions
Authors: Lu Yizhen , Li Bixuan , Xu Na , Zhou Zhihua , Xiao Yu , Jiang Yu , Li Teng , Hu Sheng , Gong Yongji , Cao Yang
Published: November 2023

Developing efficient (co-)catalysts with optimized interfacial mass and charge transport properties is essential for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction (OER) via electrochemical water splitting. Here we report one-atom-thick hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) as an attractive co-catalyst with enhanced OER efficiency. Various electrocatalytic electrodes are encapsulated with centimeter-sized hBN films which are dense and impermeable so that only the hBN surfaces are directly exposed to reactive species. For example, hBN covered Ni-Fe (oxy)hydroxide anodes show an ultralow Tafel slope of ~30 mV dec−1 with improved reaction current by about 10 times, reaching ~2000 mA cm−2 (at an overpotential of ~490 mV) for over 150 h. The mass activity of hBN co-catalyst is found exceeding that of commercialized catalysts by up to five orders of magnitude. Using isotope experiments and simulations, we attribute the results to the adsorption of oxygen-containing intermediates at the insulating co-catalyst, where localized electrons facilitate the deprotonation processes at electrodes. Little impedance to electron transfer is observed from hBN film encapsulation due to its ultimate thickness. Therefore, our work also offers insights into mechanisms of interfacial reactions at the very first atomic layer of electrodes.
Photocatalytic CO2 reduction to syngas using metallosalen covalent organic frameworks
Authors: Zhou Wei , Wang Xiao , Zhao Wenling , Lu Naijia , Cong Die , Li Zhen , Han Peigeng , Ren Guoqing , Sun Lei , Liu Chengcheng , Deng Wei-Qiao
Published: November 2023

Metallosalen-covalent organic frameworks have recently gained attention in photocatalysis. However, their use in CO2 photoreduction is yet to be reported. Moreover, facile preparation of metallosalen-covalent organic frameworks with good crystallinity remains considerably challenging. Herein, we report a series of metallosalen-covalent organic frameworks produced via a one-step synthesis strategy that does not require vacuum evacuation. Metallosalen-covalent organic frameworks possessing controllable coordination environments of mononuclear and binuclear metal sites are obtained and act as photocatalysts for tunable syngas production from CO2. Metallosalen-covalent organic frameworks obtained via one-step synthesis exhibit higher crystallinity and catalytic activities than those obtained from two-step synthesis. The optimal framework material containing cobalt and triazine achieves a syngas production rate of 19.7 mmol g−1 h−1 (11:8 H2/CO), outperforming previously reported porous crystalline materials. This study provides a facile strategy for producing metallosalen-covalent organic frameworks of high quality and can accelerate their exploration in various applications.
Gli1 marks a sentinel muscle stem cell population for muscle regeneration
Authors: Peng Jiayin , Han Lili , Liu Biao , Song Jiawen , Wang Yuang , Wang Kunpeng , Guo Qian , Liu XinYan , Li Yu , Zhang Jujin , Wu Wenqing , Li Sheng , Fu Xin , Zhuang Cheng-le , Zhang Weikang , Suo Shengbao , Hu Ping , Zhao Yun
Published: November 2023

Adult skeletal muscle regeneration is mainly driven by muscle stem cells (MuSCs), which are highly heterogeneous. Although recent studies have started to characterize the heterogeneity of MuSCs, whether a subset of cells with distinct exists within MuSCs remains unanswered. Here, we find that a population of MuSCs, marked by Gli1 expression, is required for muscle regeneration. The Gli1+ MuSC population displays advantages in proliferation and differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. Depletion of this population leads to delayed muscle regeneration, while transplanted Gli1+ MuSCs support muscle regeneration more effectively than Gli1− MuSCs. Further analysis reveals that even in the uninjured muscle, Gli1+ MuSCs have elevated mTOR signaling activity, increased cell size and mitochondrial numbers compared to Gli1− MuSCs, indicating Gli1+ MuSCs are displaying the features of primed MuSCs. Moreover, Gli1+ MuSCs greatly contribute to the formation of GAlert cells after muscle injury. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that Gli1+ MuSCs represents a distinct MuSC population which is more active in the homeostatic muscle and enters the cell cycle shortly after injury. This population functions as the tissue-resident sentinel that rapidly responds to injury and initiates muscle regeneration.
Using picoliter droplet deposition to track clonal competition in adherent and organoid cancer cell cultures
Authors: Baglamis Selami , Sheraton Vivek M. , Meijer Debora , Qian Haibin , Hoebe Ron A. , Lenos Kristiaan J , Betjes Max A. , Betjes Max A. , Tans Sander , van Zon Jeroen , Vermeulen Louis , Krawczyk Przemek M.
Published: November 2023

Clonal growth and competition underlie processes of key relevance in etiology, progression and therapy response across all cancers. Here, we demonstrate a novel experimental approach, based on multi-color, fluorescent tagging of cell nuclei, in combination with picoliter droplet deposition, to study the clonal dynamics in two- and three-dimensional cell cultures. The method allows for the simultaneous visualization and analysis of multiple clones in individual multi-clonal colonies, providing a powerful tool for studying clonal dynamics and identifying clonal populations with distinct characteristics. Results of our experiments validate the utility of the method in studying clonal dynamics in vitro, and reveal differences in key aspects of clonal behavior of different cancer cell lines in monoculture conditions, as well as in co-cultures with stromal fibroblasts.
Mobility gene expression differences among wild-type, Mmp20 null and Mmp20 over-expresser mice plus visualization of 3D mouse ameloblast directional movement
Authors: Shin Masashi , Matsushima Aya , Nagao Jun-ichi , Tanaka Yoshihiko , Harada Hidemitsu , Okabe Koji , Bartlett John D.
Published: November 2023

Enamel forming ameloblasts move away from the dentino-enamel junction and also move relative to each other to establish enamel shape during the secretory stage of enamel development. Matrix metalloproteinase-20 (MMP20) is a tooth specific proteinase essential for proper enamel formation. We previously reported that MMP20 cleaves cadherins and may regulate ameloblast movement. Here, we used an Amelx promoter driven tdTomato reporter to label mouse ameloblasts. With these transgenic mice, we assessed ameloblast mobility group dynamics and gene expression. Three-dimensional imaging of mouse ameloblasts were observed in hemi-mandibles by using a tissue clearing technique. The three-dimensional ameloblast layer in Tg(Amelx-Mmp20) mice that overexpress MMP20 was uneven and the ameloblasts migrated away from this layer. Mouse ameloblast movement toward incisal tips was monitored by ex vivo time-lapse imaging. Gene expression related to cell migration and adhesion was analyzed in ameloblasts from wild-type mice, Mmp20−/− mice with no functional MMP20 and from Tg(Amelx-Mmp20) overexpressing mice. Gene expression was altered in Mmp20−/− and Tg(Amelx-Mmp20) mice compared to wild type. Among the genes assessed, those encoding laminins and a gap junction protein were upregulated in Mmp20−/− mice. New techniques and findings described in this study may lead to an improved understanding of ameloblast movement during enamel formation.
Attributed network embedding based on self-attention mechanism for recommendation method
Authors: Wang Shuo , Yang Jing , Shang Fanshu
Published: November 2023

Network embedding is a technique used to learn a low-dimensional vector representation for each node in a network. This method has been proven effective in network mining tasks, especially in the area of recommendation systems. The real-world scenarios often contain rich attribute information that can be leveraged to enhance the performance of representation learning methods. Therefore, this article proposes an attribute network embedding recommendation method based on self-attention mechanism (AESR) that caters to the recommendation needs of users with little or no explicit feedback data. The proposed AESR method first models the attribute combination representation of items and then uses a self-attention mechanism to compactly embed the combination representation. By representing users as different anchor vectors, the method can efficiently learn their preferences and reconstruct them with few learning samples. This achieves accurate and fast recommendations and avoids data sparsity problems. Experimental results show that AESR can provide personalized recommendations even for users with little explicit feedback information. Moreover, the attribute extraction of documents can effectively improve recommendation accuracy on different datasets. Overall, the proposed AESR method provides a promising approach to recommendation systems that can leverage attribute information for better performance.
Structure—yeast α-glucosidase inhibitory activity relationship of 9-O-berberrubine carboxylates
Authors: Nguyen Duy Vu , Hengphasatporn Kowit , Danova Ade , Suroengrit Aphinya , Boonyasuppayakorn Siwaporn , Fujiki Ryo , Shigeta Yasuteru , Rungrotmongkol Thanyada , Chavasiri Warinthorn
Published: November 2023

Thirty-five 9-O-berberrubine carboxylate derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for yeast α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. All compounds demonstrated better inhibitory activities than the parent compounds berberine (BBR) and berberrubine (BBRB), and a positive control, acarbose. The structure–activity correlation study indicated that most of the substituents on the benzoate moiety such as methoxy, hydroxy, methylenedioxy, benzyloxy, halogen, trifluoromethyl, nitro and alkyl can contribute to the activities except multi-methoxy, fluoro and cyano. In addition, replacing benzoate with naphthoate, cinnamate, piperate or diphenylacetate also led to an increase in inhibitory activities except with phenyl acetate. 9, 26, 27, 28 and 33 exhibited the most potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activities with the IC50 values in the range of 1.61–2.67 μM. Kinetic study revealed that 9, 26, 28 and 33 interacted with the enzyme via competitive mode. These four compounds were also proved to be not cytotoxic at their IC50 values. The competitive inhibition mechanism of these four compounds against yeast α-glucosidase was investigated using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. The binding free energy calculations suggest that 26 exhibited the strongest binding affinity, and its binding stability is supported by hydrophobic interactions with D68, F157, F158 and F177. Therefore, 9, 26, 28 and 33 would be promising candidates for further studies of antidiabetic activity.
Chaotic signal denoising based on energy selection TQWT and adaptive SVD
Authors: Yang Xinlu , Wang Wenbo
Published: November 2023

Aiming at the problem of denoising chaotic signals with low signal-to-noise ratio and unknown dynamic system parameters, a new chaotic signal denoising algorithm is proposed, which combines adjustable Q-factor wavelet transform (TQWT) and adaptive singular value decomposition (ASVD). This method uses TQWT to decompose the noisy chaotic signal. According to the maximum wavelet entropy theory and energy threshold rule, the subband of TQWT is accurately divided into signal subband and noise subband. For noise subbands, adaptive SVD is used to denoise them, to achieve preliminary denoising. In ASVD, the standard deviation of the singular value subset is used to determine the effective reconstruction order to improve the noise suppression effect. To further remove noise in the signal subband, TQWT reconstruction is performed on the preliminarily denoised signal, and ASVD is used to denoise the reconstructed signal again to obtain the chaotic signal after secondary denoising. Chua's simulated signal and four kinds of underwater radiated noise measured by TQWT-ASVD were denoised, and compared with the SVD denoising method, TQWT denoising method, complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise and threshold denoising method (CEEMDAN-WT) and modified ensemble empirical mode decomposition combined with least squares denoising method (MEEMD-LMS), The experimental results show that the TQWT-ASVD method can reduce the noise of chaotic signals more effectively. Compared with SVD, TQWT, CEEMDAN-WT, MEEMD-LMS, and Chua's signal denoising method, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of this method increased by 23.22%, 26.46%, 18.79%, 16.11% the root mean square error (RMSE) decreased by 32.53%,39.48%, 30.96%, 27.94%, and the row entropy (PE) decreased by 40.44%, 41.96%, 22.78%, 20.59%; After reducing the radiation noise of cargo ships, the PE value of this method is reduced by 13.91%, 10.18%, 10.88%, 8.68% respectively, and the FE value is reduced by 33.66%, 31.42%, 26.98%, 21.32% respectively.
Brain mechanisms of social signalling in live social interactions with autistic and neurotypical adults
Authors: Krishnan-Barman Sujatha , Hakim Uzair , Smith Marchella , Tachtsidis Ilias , Pinti Paola , Hamilton Antonia F. de C
Published: November 2023

The simple act of watching another person can change a person’s behaviour in subtle but important ways; the individual being watched is now capable of signalling to the watcher, and may use this opportunity to communicate to the watcher. Recent data shows that people will spontaneously imitate more when being watched. Here, we examine the neural and cognitive mechanisms of being watched during spontaneous social imitation in autistic and neurotypical adults using fNIRS brain imaging. Participants (n = 44) took part in a block-moving task where they were instructed only to copy the block sequence which people normally do using a straight low action trajectory. Here, the demonstrator sometimes used an atypical ‘high’ action trajectory, giving participants the opportunity to spontaneously copy the high trajectory even if this slowed their performance. The confederate who demonstrated each block sequence could watch the participant’s actions or close her eyes, giving a factorial design with factors of trajectory (high/low) and watched (watched/unwatched). Throughout the task, brain signals were captured from bilateral temporal/parietal/occipital cortex using fNIRS. We found that all participants performed higher actions when being watched by the confederate than when not being watched, with no differences between autistic and neurotypical participants. The unwatched conditions were associated with higher activity of the right inferior parietal lobule in all participants and also engagement of left STS only in autistic participants. These findings are consistent with the claim that people engage different neural mechanisms when watched and unwatched and that participants with autism may engage additional brain mechanisms to match neurotypical behaviour and compensate for social difficulties. However, further studies will be needed to replicate these results in a larger sample of participants.
Quantitative simulation and verification of the tourism economic resilience in urban agglomerations
Authors: Yang Shasha , Lu Yugui , Wang Shuyue
Published: November 2023

The concept of tourism economic resilience emphasizes the sustainable development level of tourism economy under uncertainty and risk. Focusing on urban agglomerations, this study aims to describe how the tourism economic resilience is developing, explore whether the resilience level is enhanced with urban agglomerations and whether spatial elements affect resilience levels. With the combination of the aggregation and diffusion effects and crowding effects of regional development, the study uses a combination of dynamic evaluation method, spatial kernel density, and mathematical models of urban agglomeration development to quantitatively analyze the spatiotemporal dynamic evolution of tourism economic resilience from 2006 to 2019, simulates and verifies its development patterns. The conclusions show that: (1) The tourism economic resilience in urban agglomerations is closely related to regional development and prosperity; (2) The development of tourism economic resilience also follows the spatial economic development pattern which moves towards equilibrium in aggregation process; (3) The tourism economic resilience of urban agglomerations has a fluctuation climbing node, generally presents as a wave-like upward trend with fluctuations and stages; (4) The evolutionary trend of tourism economic resilience in urban agglomerations presents as a slight wave-like upward curve that changes with time and co-opetition.
Incidence, prevalence and characteristics of multimorbidity in different age groups among urban hospitalized patients in China
Authors: Song Dixiang , Liu Deshan , Ning Weihai , Chen Yujia , Yang Jingjing , Zhao Chao , Zhang Hongwei
Published: November 2023

The aim of the study was to investigate the incidence, prevalence and characteristics of multimorbidity in urban inpatients of different age groups. This study used data from the National Insurance Claim for Epidemiology Research (NICER) to calculate the overall incidence, prevalence, geographic and age distribution patterns, health care burden, and multimorbidity patterns for multimorbidity in 2017. According to our study, the overall prevalence of multimorbidity was 6.68%, and the overall prevalence was 14.87% in 2017. The prevalence of multimorbidity increases with age. The pattern of the geographic distribution of multimorbidity shows that the prevalence of multimorbidity is relatively high in South East China. The average annual health care expenditure of patients with multimorbidity increased with age and rose rapidly, especially among older patients. Patients with cancer and chronic kidney disease have higher treatment costs. Patients with hypertension or ischemic heart disease had a significantly higher relative risk of multimorbidity than other included noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Hyperlipidemia has generated the highest number of association rules, which may suggest that hyperlipidemia may be both a risk factor for other NCDs and an outcome of them.
Prognostic value of 18F-FDG PET in uterine cervical cancer patients with stage IIICr allocated by imaging
Authors: Isaji Yuzu , Tsuyoshi Hideaki , Tsujikawa Tetsuya , Orisaka Makoto , Okazawa Hidehiko , Yoshida Yoshio
Published: November 2023

The effect on survival of radiographic lymph node metastasis in uterine cervical cancer patients is more important than before, even though its prognostic value not been well investigated. The aim of our study is to evaluate the prognostic potential of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (18F-FDG PET) compared with Computed Tomography (CT) in uterine cervical cancer patients with stage IIICr allocated by imaging. Fifty-five patients with biopsy-proven primary cervical cancer underwent definitive radiation therapy for stages IIB–IVB of The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) 2018 classifications. The prognostic performance of pretreatment 18F-FDG PET and CT for assessing lymph node metastasis was evaluated by two experienced readers. The PET and CT findings were correlated with the risk of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed that PFS was significantly worse in patients with positive lymph nodes on 18F-FDG PET than in those patients with negative lymph nodes on 18F-FDG PET (p = 0.003), whereas there was no significant difference in PFS between patients with lymph nodes sized ≥ 1 cm and those sized < 1 cm (p = 0.140). Univariate analysis showed that positive lymph nodes on 18F-FDG PET was significantly associated with poor PFS (p = 0.006), whereas lymph node size was not significantly associated with poor PFS (p = 0.145). In multivariate analysis, positive lymph nodes on 18F-FDG PET was significantly associated with poor PFS (p = 0.006) and was an independent prognostic factor for PFS. 18F-FDG PET offers high prognostic value for patients with stage IIICr allocated by imaging compared with CT, suggesting that 18F-FDG PET might be useful in clinical staging decisions and thus promote optimal diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Optimizing of particle accelerated rotor parameters using the discrete element method
Authors: Sun Bo , Wei Shizhong , Yang Lu , Li Peng , Tong Shuaiwu
Published: November 2023

The acceleration capability of a centrifugal jet rotor plays a crucial role in achieving a high injection velocity of powder particles in the centrifugal impact moulding process. In this regard, the focus of this article is on optimization of the runner shape. To this end, the lengths of the first and second acceleration sections (L1andL2), and the angles between the first and second acceleration sections and between the second and third sections (α1andα2) are considered as the rotor parameters. Simulations were conducted using multiple discrete elements to explore the influence of multiple input parameters on the response value, and a regression model was established between the parameters and the particle injection rate. The experimental results show that the selected parameters significantly affect the rate of particle injection, and the interactions between the parametersL1andL2, and betweenL2andα2have the largest effects. The results reveal that applying the optimized parameters improves the particle injection speed by 7.85% when compared to the pre-optimization model. This improvement in the rotor acceleration provides the basis for improving the efficiency of centrifugal impact moulding of metal powders.
Introduction: Molecular Chaperones and Protein Quality Control
Authors: Balchin D. , Rangel M. Aguilar , Samant R. S.
Published: November 2023

Most proteins need to attain and maintain a defined, native three-dimensional structure to carry out their physiological function. In the crowded macromolecular environment of a cell, a specialised and conserved set of machineries called molecular chaperones have evolved to maintain protein homeostasis, or “proteostasis”, and protect the cell from the deleterious accumulation of non-functional and potentially toxic misfolded protein species. In this chapter, we (i) lay out some of the challenges faced during a protein’s lifecycle; (ii) discuss protein aggregation from both biophysical and cellular perspectives; (iii) introduce the major evolutionarily conserved chaperone families; (iv) describe the critical role played by chaperones in protein quality control; (v) highlight mechanisms by which aberrant chaperone levels and function can cause disease; and (vi) pose some outstanding questions and future directions for research in this field.
Recent advances in small-molecule fluorescent probes with the function of targeting cancer receptors
Authors: Li Xinke , Liu Caiyun , Zhu Hanchuang , Wang Kun , Ren Xiaohua , Ma Lixue , Zhang Xiaohui , Liu Mengyuan , Zhu Baocun
Published: November 2023

This review summarizes the photophysical properties of fluorescent probes with the function of targeting cancer receptors and their response mechanisms to biomarkers, as well as their applications in cancer-related biological imaging, and looks forward to the future development direction.
Freezing of water and melting of ice: theoretical modeling at the nanoscale
Authors: Ma Yanli , Dong Pan , He Yi , Zhao Ziyuan , Zhang Xuyao , Yang Jiabin , Yan Jiabo , Li Weiguo
Published: November 2023

Freezing of water and melting of ice at the nanoscale play critical roles in science and technology fields, including aviation systems, infrastructures, and other broad spectrum of technologies.
Unveiling the formation mechanism of PbxPdy intermetallic phases in solvothermal synthesis using in situ X-ray total scattering
Authors: Borup Anders Bæk , Bertelsen Andreas Dueholm , Kløve Magnus , Christensen Rasmus Stubkjær , Broge Nils Lau Nyborg , Dippel Ann-Christin , Jørgensen Mads Ry Vogel , Iversen Bo Brummerstedt
Published: November 2023

The formation of PbxPdy intermetallic nanoparticles happens through a complex multistep mechanism as revealed by in situ PDF analysis.
Sn-doped ZnO for efficient and stable quantum dot light-emitting diodes via a microchannel synthesis strategy
Authors: Wang Ting , Xie Liming , Su Fuyan , Meng Xiuqing , Song Yanping , Su Wenming , Cui Zheng
Published: November 2023

Microchannel synthesis of Sn-doped ZnO with uniform size distribution for constructing efficient and stable QLEDs.
Seedless wet synthesis of copper-twinned nanocrystals
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Gao Junheng , Tang Fu , Wang Jie , Yao Chuang , Li Lidong
Published: November 2023

The optimal conditions for stablizing copper (Cu)-twinned seeds were carefully investigated. By tuning the amount of Cl− and oleylamine, different kinds of Cu-twinned nanostructures could be obtained by a universal seedless wet method.
Copper-catalyzed 1,2,2-trifunctionalization of maleimides with 1,7-enynes and oxime esters via radical relay/1,5-hydrogen-atom transfer
Authors: Jiang Li-Lin , Qiu Hui , Zhou Yu , Wang Ling-Tao , Yang Wen-Hui , Deng Chao , Wei Wen-Ting
Published: November 2023

We describe a novel 1,2,2-trifunctionalization of maleimides with 1,7-enynes and oxime esters through simultaneous construction of four C−C bonds and a C≡N bond in one pot based on the radical relay/1,5-hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT).
Electrochemical synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of some N-phenyl α-amino acids
Authors: Singh Kishanpal , Singh Neetu , Sohal Harvinder Singh , Singh Baljit , Husain Fohad Mabood , Arshad Mohammed , Adil Mohd
Published: November 2023

In the present report, the authors describe a synthetic route for the generation of N-phenyl amino acid derivatives using CO2via a C–C coupling reaction in an undivided cell containing a combination of Mg–Pt electrodes.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of capsaicin analogues as antioxidant and neuroprotective agents
Authors: Xie Mao , Wu Huixian , Bian Jing , Huang Shutong , Xia Yuanzheng , Qin Yujun , Yan Zhiming
Published: November 2023

We designed and synthesized a novel series of capsaicin analogues, and explored their utility for antioxidant and neuroprotective agents.
Multicomponent synthesis of pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine derivatives: electrochemical DNA sensing, nonlinear optical properties and biological activity
Authors: Rashid Muhammad , Khalid Muhammad , Ashraf Abida , Saleem Tahira , Shafiq Iqra , Shakil Muhammad Azeem , Zainab Briha , El-kott Attalla F. , Yaqub Muhammad , Shafiq Zahid
Published: November 2023

We synthesized novel pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazin based heterocyclic compounds (4–7) and their chemical structures were ascertained by spectral techniques (NMR, FT-IR).
Carpe diene! Europium-catalyzed [3,3] and [5,5] rearrangements of aryl-pentadienyl ethers
Authors: Kaiser Maximilian , Steinacher Michael , Lukas Florian , Gaertner Peter
Published: November 2023

A catalytic and highly regioselective method for the rearrangement of aryl-pentadienyl ethers into the corresponding ortho- or para-alkylated products.
An energy decomposition and extrapolation scheme for evaluating electron transfer rate constants: a case study on electron self-exchange reactions of transition metal complexes
Authors: Mutsuji Akihiro , Saita Kenichiro , Maeda Satoshi
Published: November 2023

A simple approach to the analysis of electron transfer (ET) reactions based on energy decomposition and extrapolation schemes is proposed.
Concentration quenching inhibition and fluorescence enhancement in Eu3+-doped molybdate red phosphors with two-phase mixing
Authors: Liu Shuanglai , Yan Yimin , Liu Xiaohan , Cui Zheqian , Jia Shiheng , Xing Yiwen , Guo Shuang , Wang Bao , Wang Yunfeng
Published: November 2023

Due to the regulatory effect of lattice interface barriers, the two-phase mixing NaIn(MoO4)2:Eu3+ phosphors exhibit bright red light emission and concentration quenching inhibition behavior.
Water-soluble fluorescent chemosensor for sorbitol based on a dicationic diboronic receptor. Crystal structure and spectroscopic studies
Authors: Zamora-Moreno Julio , Salomón-Flores María K. , Valdes-García Josue , Pinzón-Vanegas Cristian , Martínez-Otero Diego , Barroso-Flores Joaquín , Villamil-Ramos Raúl , Romero-Solano Miguel Á. , Dorazco-González Alejandro
Published: November 2023

A new dicationic diboronic acid dye was synthesized, structurally described by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and studied as fluorescent receptor for saccharides in pure water.
Reaction-based energy level modulation of a cyclometalated iridium complex for electrochemiluminescent detection of formaldehyde
Authors: No Hyun Seung , Hong Jong-In
Published: November 2023

An ECL formaldehyde probe was developed by modulating the LUMO energy level of the probe before and after the reaction with formaldehyde.
Development and application of decatungstate catalyzed C–H 18F- and 19F-fluorination, fluoroalkylation and beyond
Authors: Yuan Zheliang , Britton Robert
Published: November 2023

We describe our efforts to develop a decatungstate (DT)-catalyzed C–H 18F- and 19F-fluorination reaction, and the discovery and exploitation of electrostatic effects in DT catalysis for the synthesis of radiotracers for PET imaging.
EPR spin trapping of nucleophilic and radical reactions at colloidal metal chalcogenide quantum dot surfaces
Authors: Aschendorf Caroline J. , Degbevi Mawuli , Prather Keaton V. , Tsui Emily Y.
Published: November 2023

EPR spectroscopy is used to interrogate nucleophilic and radical reactions at colloidal metal chalcogenide quantum dot surfaces via thermal or photochemical formation of surface-bound nitroxide radicals from spin trap molecules.
A low cost Zn2+/I− redox active electrolyte for a high energy and long cycle-life zinc hybrid battery–capacitor
Authors: Selvaraj Balamurugan , Sambandam Balaji , Kim Sungjin , Mathew Vinod , Seo Sehong , Song Moonsu , Kim Jaekook
Published: November 2023

An AZHBC with a low-cost and lean redox additive in aqueous ZnSO4 electrolyte demonstrated a high capacity of 399 mA h gC−1 at a current density of 0.1 A g−1.
A low-self-discharge high-loading polysulfide cathode design for lithium–sulfur cells
Authors: Wu Cheng-Che , Ho Yun-Chung , Chung Sheng-Heng
Published: November 2023

A low-self-discharge lithium–sulfur cell with a carbonized electrospun nanofiber substrate attains a long shelf life and stable electrochemistry with a capacity-fade rate of 0.26% per day and a long cycle life of 200 cycles after resting for 90 days.
Recent advances in smart wearable sensors as electronic skin
Authors: Mousavi Ali , Rahimnejad Maedeh , Azimzadeh Mostafa , Akbari Mohsen , Savoji Houman
Published: November 2023

Flexible and multifunctional electronic devices and soft robots inspired by human organs, such as skin, have many applications.
Albumin–manganese dioxide nanocomposites: a potent inhibitor and ROS scavenger against Alzheimer's β-amyloid fibrillogenesis and neuroinflammation
Authors: Gao Weiqun , Liu Wei , Dong Xiaoyan , Sun Yan
Published: November 2023

HMn NCs exhibit excellent activities of SOD-like and CAT-like by inhibiting Aβ fibrillization, eliminating the Aβ-induced ROS, suppressing the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6, and alleviate the inflammation triggered by Aβ in Alzheimer’s model.
Cobalt-doped praseodymium ortho ferrite as a promising nanomaterial for carbon dioxide gas sensing
Authors: Bharati Keval , Tiwari Prabhat Ranjan , Singh Rahul Pratap , Bala  , Singh Ajeet , Yadav B. C. , Kumar Santosh
Published: November 2023

A graphic abstract showing the sensing process of CO2 gas by a thin film of cobalt-doped praseodymium ortho ferrite nanomaterial.
Synthesis of flat‐top beampatterns based on simple polynomial transforms of Gaussian excitations
Authors: Molnar Goran , Ljubenko Dorian , Šakić Mile
Published: November 2023

In the design of antenna arrays which require fast and robust flat‐top beam synthesis, computationally efficient methods are preferred. This feature is usually met by analytical techniques or simple optimisation procedures. On the other hand, in the flat‐top beam synthesis, a common requirement is the ability to control beamwidth or sidelobe level. However, this can result in a high dynamic range ratio (DRR) of array's excitation coefficients. In this paper, a straightforward method for the design of symmetrical flat‐top arrays with controllable sidelobe level or DRR is proposed. The method is based on quadratic and cubic transforms of Gaussian excitations. In addition, the method utilises zero coefficients whose positions are used to control the DRR, including the ability to achieve its minimum. Compared to other flat‐top arrays with analytically shaped beams, the proposed arrays have lower DRRs for the same sidelobe level.
A large‐scale urban 3D model organisation method considering spatial distribution of buildings
Authors: Yang Xincheng , Huo Liang , Shen Tao , Wang Xiaoyu , Yuan Shuai , Liu Xinyu
Published: November 2023

The rendering of urban 3D scenes involves a large number of models. In order to render scenes more efficiently, the main solution is to build a level of detail model (LOD). This may have the problem of building fragmentation, while relying on building a level of detail model (LOD) alone cannot meet the accuracy and fluency of large‐scale scene visualisation. Effective and reasonable data organisation has important research significance for the authors to achieve accurate and fast rendering of scenes. Therefore, the authors propose a large‐scale city model data organisation method considering building distribution to solve the above problems. This method first classifies the buildings in the scene at macro‐, meso‐ and microscales and records the classification using R‐trees. Then an adaptive quadtree is used to construct the data index of the city model. Finally, the data organisation of the large‐scale 3D city model is achieved by using the information of each node of the R‐tree as a constraint and combining with the adaptive quadtree. The results show that the method not only ensures the integrity of the user's area of interest but also can improve the efficiency of 3D scene construction.
Controlling Forest and Land Fires in Riau Province using Collaborative Governance: Support for Smart Environment
Authors: Adni Dita Fisdian
Published: November 2023

Riau Province is one of the provinces with the largest areas of forest and land fires in Indonesia. Therefore, a collaboration between agencies is needed, both government agencies and non-government organizations at the national, provincial and district/city levels, to control forest and land fires. This research aims to explore forest and land fire control in Riau Province using collaborative governance. This quantitative research is analyzed with structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques using SmartPLS to analyze data and test hypotheses. Data were obtained from 150 questionnaires distributed to multi-actors consisting of five (5) organizations involved in collaborative land and forest fire control in Riau Province. The results showed that controlling forest and land fires in Riau Province can be done using collaborative governance. This is evidenced by the hypothesis results, where culture significantly influences trust in collaboration. Furthermore, trust also has a positive effect on the output of collaboration, and output also affects the outcome of collaboration. However, facilitating leadership and institutional design does not significantly impact trust in collaboration to control forest and land fires in Riau Province. The collaborative governance model by Ansell and Gash was developed by adding culture and output indicators. In addition, this research also considers the application of a smart environment in discussing collaborative governance to support environmental sustainability in the future.