bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital Three-dimensional Smocking Design
Authors: Ren Jing , Segall Aviv , Sorkine-Hornung Olga
Published: November 2023

We develop an optimization-based method to model
smocking
, a surface embroidery technique that provides decorative geometric texturing while maintaining stretch properties of the fabric. During smocking, multiple pairs of points on the fabric are stitched together, creating non-manifold geometric features and visually pleasing textures. Designing smocking patterns is challenging, because the outcome of stitching is unpredictable: The final texture is often revealed only when the whole smocking process is completed, necessitating painstaking physical fabrication and time consuming trial-and-error experimentation. This motivates us to seek a digital smocking design method. Straightforward attempts to compute smocked fabric geometry using surface deformation or cloth simulation methods fail to produce realistic results, likely due to the intricate structure of the designs, the large number of contacts and high-curvature folds. We instead formulate smocking as a graph embedding and shape deformation problem. We extract a coarse graph representing the fabric and the stitching constraints and then derive the graph structure of the smocked result. We solve for the three-dimensional embedding of this graph, which in turn reliably guides the deformation of the high-resolution fabric mesh. Our optimization based method is simple, efficient, and flexible, which allows us to build an interactive system for smocking pattern exploration. To demonstrate the accuracy of our method, we compare our results to real fabrications on a large set of smocking patterns.
Privacy-Preserving Non-Negative Matrix Factorization with Outliers
Authors: Saha Swapnil , Imtiaz Hafiz
Published: November 2023

Non-negative matrix factorization is a popular unsupervised machine learning algorithm for extracting meaningful features from inherently non-negative data. Such data often contain privacy-sensitive user information. Additionally, the dataset can contain outliers, which may lead to extracting sub-optimal features from the data. It is, therefore, necessary to address these two issues while analyzing privacy-sensitive data that may contain outliers. In this work, we develop a non-negative matrix factorization algorithm in the privacy-preserving framework that (i) considers the presence of outliers in the data, and (ii) can achieve results comparable to those of the non-private algorithm. We design our method in such a way that one has the control to select the degree of privacy grantee based on the required utility gap. We show the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm’s performance on six real and diverse datasets. The experimental results show that our proposed method can achieve a performance that closely approximates the performance of the non-private algorithm under some parameter choices, while ensuring strict privacy guarantees.
Detecting Post Editing of Multimedia Images using Transfer Learning and Fine Tuning
Authors: Jonker Simon , Jelstrup Malthe , Meng Weizhi , Lampe Brooke
Published: November 2023

In the domain of general image forgery detection, a myriad of different classification solutions have been developed to distinguish a “tampered” image from a “pristine” image. In this work, we aim to develop a new method to tackle the problem of binary image forgery detection. Our approach builds upon the extensive training that state-of-the-art image classification models have undergone on regular images from the ImageNet dataset, and transfers that knowledge to the image forgery detection space. By leveraging transfer learning and fine tuning, we can fit state-of-the-art image classification models to the forgery detection task. We train the models on a diverse and evenly distributed image forgery dataset. With five models—EfficientNetB0, VGG16, Xception, ResNet50V2, and NASNet-Large—we transferred and adapted pre-trained knowledge from ImageNet to the forgery detection task. Each model was fitted, fine-tuned, and evaluated according to a set of performance metrics. Our evaluation demonstrated the efficacy of large-scale image classification models—paired with transfer learning and fine tuning—at detecting image forgeries. When pitted against a previously unseen dataset, the best-performing model of EfficientNetB0 could achieve an accuracy rate of nearly 89.7%.
From Atoms to Wheels: The Role of Multi-Scale Modeling in the Future of Transportation Electrification
Authors: Garrick Taylor R. , Zeng Yangbing , Siegel Jason B. , Subramanian Venkat R.
Published: November 2023

Traditionally, prototype hardware is built for validation testing to ensure battery systems design changes meet vehicle-level requirements, which is expensive both in cost and time. Virtual engineering (VE) of battery systems for electric vehicle (EV) propulsion offers a reduced-cost alternative to the traditional development process and uses multi-scale modeling to virtually probe the impact of design changes in a particular part on the overall performance of the system. This allows for rapid iteration over multiple design spaces, without committing to build hardware. This perspective article discusses current trends in VE for EV applications and proposes improvements to accelerate EV adoption.
Extensive Experimental Thermal Runaway and Thermal Propagation Characterization of Large-Format Tabless Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Cells with Aluminum Housing and Laser Welded Endcaps
Authors: Pegel Hendrik , Schaeffler Stefan , Jossen Andreas , Sauer Dirk Uwe
Published: November 2023

Large-format tabless cylindrical lithium-ion cells are expected to enhance performance and reduce cost of next generation vehicles. The influence of innovative new tab designs, increased dimensions and new housing materials are however still unexplored and must be revealed to unlock safe future battery systems. In this study, the thermal runaway and thermal propagation characteristics of sophisticated state-of-the-art large-format tabless cylindrical cells with aluminum housing and laser welded endcaps are extensively characterized. Multiple abuse test setups on cell and battery level are custom designed close to the true boundary conditions in real world applications. Results show cells with aluminum housing require careful choice of trigger methods as the low melting point and less mechanical strength compared to conventional nickel-plated steel housings introduce additional challenges. The tabless design was found to act as a strong mechanical connection that prevents shifting of the electrode assembly. Instead, axial ruptures of the jelly roll may occur. The leftover high density material conglomeration that is in tight contact with the inner housing wall transfers heat into the surroundings and is critical for thermal propagation safety. Strong interstitial potting compound with low thermal conductivity successfully prevented any major convective heat transfer into the neighboring cells by venting gas.
Preparation and Photocatalytic Properties of SnO2/C/PPy Composites
Authors: Li Lili , Xi Wen , Li Wei , Zhao Shihan , Jiang Yinguang , Shu Jing , Zhao Yubo
Published: November 2023

SnO2/C(Carbon)/PPy composites have been prepared by in situ polymerization using SnO2/C nanomaterials as the matrix. The structures and properties of as-synthesized samples were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, XPS, BET, SEM and TEM. Meanwhile, the photocatalytic reaction mechanism of SnO2/C/PPy composite for degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) was analyzed. The photocatalytic tests indicated that the SnO2/C/PPy composites have excellent photocatalytic activity for RhB degradation under visible light irradiation and the RhB can be degraded to 90% within 20 min. The photocatalytic activity is still outstanding after five cycles and as-synthesized samples have emerged as powerful foundation for further industrial application.
Emergence of Multiple Hysteresis Cycles and Polarization Plateaus: A Monte Carlo Investigation of Fullerene-Like System
Authors: Fadil Z. , Sana Siva Sankar , El Fdil R. , Rosaiah P. , Mahmoud Mohamed H. , Fouad Hassan , Kim Seong Cheol
Published: November 2023

This study uses Monte Carlo simulations to study the emergence of polarization plateaus and hysteresis cycles within fullerene-like systems. To explore the dielectric properties of the system, we also applied the Blume-Capel Ising model, which considered critical, coercive and saturation fields. Temperature, ferrielectric parameter, and crystal field all influenced the system’s behavior. Multi-state memory devices, spintronics, and materials characterization can benefit from the discovery of multiple loops and polarization plateaus.
Evaluation of safety and effectiveness of NAD in different clinical conditions: a systematic review
Authors: Gindri Izabelle de Mello , Ferrari Gustavo , Pinto Luiz Paulo S. , Bicca Juliana , dos Santos Isis Kelly , Dallacosta Darlan , Roesler Carlos Rodrigo de Mello
Published: November 2023

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential pyridine nucleotide cofactor that is present in cells and in several important biological processes, including oxidative phosphorylation and production of adenosine triphosphate, DNA repair, calcium-dependent secondary messenger and gene expression. The purpose of this systematic review is to examine whether the coenzyme formulae NAD+ and NADH are safe and effective when acting as a supplement to humans. This systematic review of randomized clinical trials performed a search in six electronic databases: PubMed, MEDLINE ( ovid), Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL (clinical trials), Web of Science, and Scopus. Secondary search included the databases (e.g., Clinical trials.gov, Rebec, Google Scholar - advance). Two reviewers assessed and extracted the studies independently. The risk of bias in studies was performed using version 2 of the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials. This review includes 10 studies, with a total of 489 participants. The studies included different clinical conditions, such as chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), older adults, Parkinson's disease, overweight, postmenopausal prediabetes, and Alzheimer’s disease. Based on studies, the supplementation with NADH and precursors was well tolerated and observed clinical results such as, a decrease in anxiety conditions and maximum heart rate was observed after a stress test, increased muscle insulin sensitivity, insulin signaling. Quality of life, fatigue intensity, and sleep quality among others were evaluated on patients with CFS. All studies showed some side effects, thus, the most common associated with NADs use are muscle pain, nervous disorders, fatigue, sleep disturbance, and headaches. All adverse events cataloged by the studies did not present a serious risk to the health of the participants. Overall, these findings support that the oral administration of NADH can be associated to an increase in general quality of life and improvement on health parameters (e.g., a decrease in anxiety, maximum heart rate, inflammatory cytokines in serum, and cerebrospinal fluid). NADH supplementation is safe and has a low incidence of side effects. Future investigations are needed to evidence the clinical benefits regarding specific diseases and doses administered.
Exosomes from miR‐23 Overexpressing Stromal Cells Suppress M1 Macrophage and Inhibit Calcium Oxalate Deposition in Hyperoxaluria Rat Model
Authors: Yifan Zhang , Shengli Zhang , Min Wang , Wenjie Cheng , Yi Sun , Luwei Xu , Ruipeng Jia
Published: November 2023

Purpose. To investigate whether ADSC‐derived miR‐23‐enriched exosomes could protect against calcium oxalate stone formation in a hyperoxaluria rat model. Methods. An ethylene glycol‐ (EG‐) induced hyperoxaluria rat model and an in vitro model of COM‐induced HK‐2 cells coculturing with RAW264.7 cells were established to explore the protective mechanisms of ADSC‐derived miR‐23‐enriched exosomes. Results. The results showed that treatment with miR‐23‐enriched exosomes from ADSCs protected EG‐induced hyperoxaluria rats, and cell experiments confirmed that coculturing with miR‐23‐enriched exosomes alleviated COM‐induced cell autophagy. Overexpressed miR‐23 suppressed M1 macrophage polarization by inhibiting IRF1 expression. Furthermore, the predicted binding site between the IRF1 messenger RNA 3′‐untranslated region (3′‐UTR) and miR‐23 was confirmed by the dual‐luciferase reporter assay. Conclusion. In conclusion, our research gave the first evidence that ADSC‐derived miR‐23‐enriched exosomes affected the polarization of M1 macrophages by directly inhibiting IRF1 and protecting against calcium oxalate stone formation in a hyperoxaluria rat model.
Study on the Behavior of Self-Cleaning Impregnated Photocatalyst (Tio2) with Cement Mortar
Authors: Palanisamy Chandrasekaran , Parvathikumar Ganeshprabhu , Gnanasekaran S. , Chelladurai Samson Jerold Samuel , Sivananthan S. , Adhavan B. , Geetha N. K. , Arthanari Ramesh , Tibebu Solomon
Published: November 2023

Cement-based materials are increasingly and widely employed in infrastructure development; however, they pollute our environment by generating carbon dioxide, which is detrimental to our civilization. In self-cleaning concrete, photocatalysts accelerate the decomposition of organic particles; thus, photocatalytic degradation of gaseous pollutants could reduce pollution. The incorporation of photocatalytic components enhanced the mechanical self-cleaning properties of cement mortar. In this study, 4–6 percent by weight of rutile TiO2 was added to mortar, and the results were compared to those of a control sample. On the proposed mortar cubes, both fresh mortar and hardening mortar experiments were conducted. Because the initial and final setting times of TiO2 differ from those of conventional cement mortar, the surplus TiO2water-cement ratio had to be modified. The adaptability of the sol-gel method enables the use of various process parameters to influence the properties of the produced TiO2 nanoparticles. The compressive strength was calculated for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days, and an ultrasonic velocity test was performed after 28 days. On mortar samples, acid and sulfate attack experiments were performed. The M-3 mortar mixture containing 5% rutile exhibited the highest level of strength compared to the other mixtures. The M-3 exhibits a strength that is 10.96% greater than that of the control mix. The impact of acid and sulfate attack on the strength of mix M-2 is relatively modest in comparison to other mixtures. Using RhB (rhodamine color) discoloration under UV light, such as sunlight, the photocatalytic mortar is concentrated; a typical test for self-cleaning cementitious materials reveals the presence of more photocatalytic material, which yields the best results.
Intertidal Grow-Out Technique, Not Eelgrass (Zostera marina), Influences Performance of Pacific Oysters (Magallana gigas)
Authors: Ruesink J. L. , Houle K. , Beck E. , Boardman F. C. , Suhrbier A. , Hudson B.
Published: November 2023

Colocation of farmed shellfish in seagrass, although not permitted in some regions of the USA, has been proposed as a means to reach cobenefits of habitat and food production. Seagrass could benefit bivalves through protection from predation or abiotic stressors but conversely can reduce water flow and food delivery. At 10 farm sites in Washington state (USA), we tested the performance of Pacific oysters (Magallana (Crassostrea) gigas) grown in ground culture or off-bottom culture across a range of seagrass densities. Oysters averaged 32 m−2 and 30% shell cover on ground culture beds. Oysters in off-bottom culture showed a negative relationship between size and density across beds, consistent with growth and mortality through the crop cycle, and the largest oysters were at densities similar to ground culture. Within each farm site, ground and off-bottom beds were selected with each of three categories of seagrass (none, sparse, dense). Dense seagrass on aquaculture beds was half the density of nearby unfarmed seagrass beds. For outplanted oysters over 3–9 months, many aspects of oyster performance improved when oysters were elevated above the sediment. Relative to ground culture, off-bottom oysters had better survival (85% vs. 69%), 7% larger size, and 48% higher condition after 3 months in summer, and the survival advantages persisted over winter. Oyster survival on-bottom was especially impaired in finer sediment. No oyster performance differences were associated with seagrass, except for 9-month results, available for five of 10 farms. After 9 months at these five farms, oyster survival showed a small negative effect of dense seagrass, and shell size showed a small positive effect of sparse seagrass. Consequently, seagrass may not provide a boost to colocated intertidal shellfish, but we found little evidence of trade-offs in which maintaining seagrass would reduce yield of farmed oysters. Moving oysters out of the boundary layer and away from soft sediment improves both survival and tissue growth aspects of yield.
Food Application of Orange Seed Powder through Incorporation in Wheat Flour to Boost Vitamin and Mineral Profiles of Formulated Biscuits
Authors: Hussain Ashiq , Laaraj Salah , Kausar Tusneem , Tikent Aziz , Azzouzi Hanane , Kauser Samina , An Qurat Ul , Iqbal Aqsa , Akram Saima , Nisar Rizwan , Najam Ayesha , Fatima Haya , Yaqub Shazia , Elfazazi Kaoutar
Published: November 2023

The significance of conducting research for its application has been noted as a result of the rising global food production and waste generation. As a result, there is increasing interest in fruits and vegetable seeds that contain bioactive chemicals, such as those that are obtained from orange seeds. In the current work, orange seed powder replaced wheat flour at 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% levels, to observe changes in physicochemical features of developed biscuits. Proximate analysis of orange seed powder and wheat flour revealed that orange seed powder has high fat, fiber, protein, and ash contents as compared to wheat flour, whereas moisture contents in wheat flour were high. In developed biscuits, the highest values (percentage) of ash (

9.68
±
0.04

), fiber (

6.79
±
0.12

), protein (

10.42
±
0.25

), and fat (

36.90
±
0.55

) were found in biscuits developed with 10% orange seed powder. Orange seed powder was a comparatively good source of both macro and micro minerals, as compared to wheat flour. High contents of selenium (

5.32
±
0.03

), iron (

2.12
±
0.05

), zinc (

3.88
±
0.12

), and manganese (

2.25
±
0.04

) mg/100 g, present in orange seed powder, were the prominent findings of this research work, as wheat flours were observed to be deficient in these trace minerals. Contents of calcium, magnesium, potassium, zinc, manganese, zinc, and selenium in control biscuits were found

20.51
±
0.08

,

17.29
±
0.04

,

46.12
±
0.05

,

1.06
±
0.01

,

1.97
±
0.01

,

0.12
±
0.01

, and

0.11
±
0.01

 mg/100 g, respectively, and replacement of wheat flour with 10% orange seed powder increased values of these minerals to

103.90
±
0.35

,

44.35
±
0.50

,

71.29
±
0.32

,

2.59
±
0.4

,

2.75
±
0.02

,

1.31
±
0.01

, and

2.02
±
0.05

 mg/100 g, respectively. Vitamins E and K, which were not detected in wheat flour, were present in orange powder in high amount, whereas B group vitamins, which were also present in wheat flour, were observed in significantly high quantities in orange seed powder. Increment in vitamin A, D, E, K, and B complexes was significant as a result of orange seed powder supplementation, except for vitamins B1 and B2, which were slightly decreased. Sensory evaluation revealed that a 5% replacement of orange seed powder provided good quality biscuits with acceptable colour, flavor, taste, texture, and overall acceptability. Orange seed powder could prove an important ingredient in the baking industry with the potential of promoting the nutritional value of foods.
Serum Biomarkers of Olfactory Identification Deficits in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Li Fu-Jia , Li Yang-Dan-Yu , Liu Xu , Zu Jie , Zhang Wei , Xiao Qi-Hua , Niu Xue-Bin , Du Li , Cui Chen-Chen , Zhang Ru-Yu , He Xiao-Qing , Cui Gui-Yun , Xu Chuan-Ying
Published: November 2023

To investigate whether glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament light chain (NFL), and 12 cytokines can serve as serum biomarkers of olfactory identification dysfunction in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). GFAP and NFL levels were measured in 75 patients with PD and 36 healthy controls (HCs). The levels of 12 cytokines were assayed in 41 patients with PD. The 16-item Sniffin’ Sticks test and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were used to assess olfactory identification ability and cognitive function, respectively. Linear regression models were applied to control for confounding effects. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to examine the diagnostic accuracy of serum NFL, GFAP, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. The cut-off value for the SS-16 test in diagnosing dysosmia was equal to 9.5 points. Serum GFAP levels were higher in patients with PD with olfactory identification dysfunction than in those without. GFAP, NFL, and IL-6 levels were correlated with SS-16 scores. Moreover, combining these three biomarkers yielded the best-fitting model for distinguishing patients with PD with or without dysosmia. We found a prominent indirect effect of GFAP on MMSE scores through its contribution to SS-16 scores. GFAP, NFL, and IL-6 can serve as serum biomarkers for olfactory identification dysfunctions in PD. We inferred that astrogliosis might promote the occurrence of dysosmia by releasing proinflammatory factors and causing neuronal damage and may indirectly impair cognition through its effect on olfactory function.
Supersonically Sprayed Cobalt Titanate and PVDF for Flexible Piezoelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Park Chanwoo , Joshi Bhavana , Samuel Edmund , Kim Byeong-yeop , Aldalbahi Ali , El-Newehy Mohamed , Lee Hae-Seok , Yoon Sam S.
Published: November 2023

Piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) are the core components of self-powered devices used in sensors, ecofriendly wearable gadgets, and biomedical implants. This study introduces and demonstrates a flexible PENG with supersonically cold-sprayed films of cobalt titanate (CTO) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). An electrically poled PENG produces a maximum output voltage of 34.8 V under a tapping force of 20 N, whereas a CTO/PVDF-based PENG exhibits 25.4 V across a loading resistance (

R

L

) of 50 MΩ and generates a short-circuit current of 30 μA at 0.1 MΩ. Furthermore, the maximum power density is 25 μW·cm-2 at

R

L

=
0.6

 MΩ. Cyclic tapping and bending test results show that open-circuit voltages (Voc) of 25.4 and 5.8 V are produced under the tapping cycle of

N

tap

=
4200

and bending cycle of

N

bend

=
750

, respectively, confirming the mechanical durability of the PENG. Thus, the potential of CTO/PVDF films for use in PENGs with various functionalities can be confirmed based on the

V

oc

values generated from bending, mobile tapping, walking, and lifting movements.
Regional Risk Assessment for Urban Major Hazards Using Hybrid Method of Information Diffusion Theory and Entropy
Authors: Zhou Xinlong , Ning Xinhui , Zheng Longzhi , Jiang Dongzhu , Gao Peipei , Fu Dashun
Published: November 2023

Urban regional risk is a complex nonlinear problem that encounters insufficient information, randomness, and uncertainty. To accurately assess the overall urban risk, a regional risk assessment model for urban public safety was proposed by using the information diffusion theory. The entropy theory was employed to optimize the information diffusion model to reduce the uncertainty. A framework of urban regional risk assessment model based on information diffusion and entropy was constructed. Finally, a case study of Hangzhou city in China was presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method. Results showed that the proposed method could successfully estimate the urban regional risk of Hangzhou city. The risk levels and probabilities of different hazard indicators were basically consistent with reality. The hazards with respect to industrial and mining accidents and road traffic accidents were extremely serious. More than 80 deaths from industrial and mining accidents would occur almost every 3 years, and more than 400 deaths of RTA would occur almost every 2.6 years. Moreover, centralized intervals of the risk level associated with five hazards were found, where urban risks were more likely to happen and had higher vulnerability. It could provide guidance for the government’s urban safety management and policy-making.
Thoracoscopic Surgical Biatrial Ablation vs. Catheter Ablation in Patients with Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Yu Chunyu , Li Haojie , Yuan Shuo , Zheng Lihui , Wu Lingmin , Ding Ligang , Yao Yan , Zheng Zhe
Published: November 2023

Background. Limited randomized controlled studies showed that thoracoscopic surgical left atrial ablation was not superior to catheter ablation (CA) in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (PerAF). Right atrium might play an important role in triggering and maintaining atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with PerAF. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of thoracoscopic surgical biatrial ablation versus CA in patients with PerAF. Methods. Patients with PerAF underwent thoracoscopic surgical biatrial ablation or CA were included in this study. Propensity score matching (1 : 2) was applied to select patients in CA group and surgical ablation (SA) group. The primary endpoint was to compare the probability of freedom from atrial tachyarrhythmias between SA and CA. Atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrence was defined as any atrial tachyarrhythmias longer than 30 s documented by 24-hour Holter monitoring after the 3-month blanking period. Results. After propensity score matching, 51 patients in surgical biatrial ablation group and 102 patients in CA group were enrolled (mean left atrial diameter: 45.8 mm). The probability of freedom from atrial tachyarrhythmias on antiarrhythmia drugs was 62.7%, 60.6%, and 60.6% in SA group and 42.0%, 39.6%, and 36.7% in CA group at 12, 24, and 36 months, respectively (

p

 = 0.011), and off antiarrhythmia drugs were 56.9%, 52.5%, and 52.5% in SA group and 36.0%, 31.4%, and 27.5% in CA group at 12, 24, and 36 months, respectively (

p

 = 0.007). After adjustment of age, sex, left atrial diameter, and AF duration history, multivariable Cox regression analysis suggested that SA procedure was an independent factor to reduce the risk of atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrence (HR: 0.589, 95% CI 0.370–0.937,

p

 = 0.025). Conclusion. Compared with CA, thoracoscopic surgical biatrial ablation might achieve superior effectiveness for patients with PerAF.
Green Nail Syndrome Treated with Ozenoxacin: Two Case Reports
Authors: Cosio Terenzio , Petruccelli Rosalba , Gaziano Roberta , Fontana Carla , Favaro Marco , Zampini Paola , Pistoia Enrico Salvatore , Diluvio Laura , Lozzi Flavia , Bianchi Luca , Campione Elena
Published: November 2023

Green nail syndrome (GNS) is a persistent greenish pigmentation of the nail plate, originally described in 1944 by Goldman and Fox, due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Recently, pulmonary co-infection of P. aeruginosa and Achromobacter spp. has been described in patients with cystic fibrosis. Achromobacter xylosoxidans is a multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogen involved in lung and soft tissue skin infections. Both Achromobacter xylosoxidans and P. aeruginosa are mainly found in humid environments or in water. There are no recognized co-infections due to P. aeruginosa and A. xylosoxidans in the skin and appendages. We describe two cases of GNS, the first due to P. aeruginosa associated with Achromobacter xylosoxidans; the other due to MDR P. aeruginosa, both successfully treated with topical ozenoxacin 1% cream daily for 12 weeks. The clinical management of GNS can be confusing, especially when the bacterial culture result is inconsistent or when non-Pseudomonas bacteria are isolated. In our case, due to the co-infection of P. aeruginosa and Achromobacter spp., local treatment with ozenoxacin – the first nonfluorinated quinolone – could be a safe and effective treatment in case of MDR nail infections. Further studies are required to evaluate clinical isolation from nail infections and the co-presence of P. aeruginosa and A. xylosoxidans.
Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Gallbladder: Where Survival Is a Rare Entity – Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Dhruv Samyak , Atodaria Kuldeepsinh P. , Mukherjee Indraneil , Kankaria Anil , Shah Umed K.
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Carcinoma of the gallbladder is extremely rare, papillary adenocarcinoma comprises 90% of these cases. Although neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) comprise 0.5% of the cases of gallbladder cancer, the incidence is rising. NEN is classified into a well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine cancer (NEC). Histologically, NEC is small-cell or large-cell carcinoma. We present the extremely rare case, 15th in the literature to be precise, of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder. Case Presentation: A 72-year-old male presented to the emergency department with constipation and right upper quadrant pain for 3 months. Computed tomography scan of the abdomen demonstrated an ill-defined 7.2 × 4.9 cm hypodense lesion in the gallbladder fossa with extension into the liver. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of the biopsy specimen confirmed the diagnosis of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder. He was started on palliative chemotherapy. Conclusion: The plethora of tumors present in the gallbladder necessitates a search for risk factors for gallbladder neoplasia, and underscores the need to more carefully examine the nature of “asymptomatic gallstones.” Further studies may reveal subclasses of cholelithiasis, gallbladder morphology, or imaging to define which patients should be followed more carefully, and may clarify additional risk factors for cancer of the gallbladder.
The Effect of Yoga on Maternal Anxiety in Women with Excessive Gestational Weight Gain: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Jalal Jumaah Tuqa , Faal Siahkal Shahla , Behboodi Moghadam Zahra , Ebrahimi Elham
Published: November 2023

Background: Excessive gestational weight gain (EGWG) and anxiety are comorbid conditions that increase the risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of yoga on the anxiety of women with EGWG. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled trial was performed on EGWG pregnant women referring to comprehensive health centers in Qom city, Iran, between October 2021 and August 2022. Eighty-eight participants were assigned to the intervention (N = 44) and control (N = 44) groups. The experimental group participated in six sessions of 90-min yoga classes, and the control group only received routine care. Two questionnaires including a demographic information questionnaire and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaire were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22. Results: The results of this study showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of trait anxiety (25.84 ± 3.45 vs. 57.38 ± 8.07; p < 0.05) and state anxiety (27.93 ± 3.72 vs. 60.13 ± 8.13; p < 0.05) after intervention. On the other hand, the trait and state anxiety rates were stable in the experimental group before and after intervention, while they increased to the severe form of anxiety in the control group (effect size = −21.84 ± 10.66 vs. −19.43 ± 8.44). Conclusion: The result of this study showed that yoga has a positive effect on the anxiety of pregnant women with EGWG and can be used as a preventive or complementary solution to control the anxiety of these mothers.
Androgenetic Alopecia in Children and Adolescents: From Trichoscopy to Therapy
Authors: Losoya-Jaquez Maria Rubi , Lopez Yañez-Blanco Arturo , Armendariz-Barragan Yonatan , Aguilar-Figueroa Nidia Gabriela , Rudnicka Lidia , Sanchez-Dueñas Luis Enrique
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Pediatric androgenetic alopecia is a product of hormonal and genetic factors. The diagnosis depends on recognizing the hair loss pattern in the context of a positive family history and a typical trichoscopy. Methods: A multicenter retrospective study assessing medical data from January 2008 to January 2023 of two reference centers – one public and one private in west Mexico. Patients under 18 years old were included. The clinical features, trichoscopic findings, associated conditions, and treatment received were documented and analyzed. Results: We found 145 patients, with a mean age of 16.08 ± 1.30 years, predominantly comprising males (72%). Trichoscopy was performed on 33 patients. The main trichoscopic findings were hair shaft thickness variability in 100% of the cases, vellus hair in 85%, and single-hair units in 79%. Vitamin D deficiency was found in 84% of the cases with laboratory determination, insulin resistance in 33%, and hyperandrogenemia in 12.5%. Topical minoxidil emerged as the main treatment modality in 24% of cases, demonstrating both efficacy and tolerability. Conclusion: Pediatric androgenetic alopecia could be more prevalent than commonly perceived, potentially explained by the lower level of suspicion among medical practitioners. Distinctive trichoscopic findings offer valuable guidance for therapeutic strategies and ongoing management.
Olfactory Cues of Naturally Occurring Systemic Inflammation: A Pilot Study of Seasonal Allergy
Authors: Tognetti Arnaud , Saluja Supreet , Lybert Nathalie , Lasselin Julie , Tamm Sandra , Lensmar Catarina , Karshikoff Bianka , Cervenka Simon , Lekander Mats , Olsson Mats J.
Published: November 2023

Introduction: In an attempt to avoid contact with infectious individuals, humans likely respond to generalized rather than specific markers of disease. Humans may thus perceive a noninfectious individual as socially less attractive if they look (e.g., have facial discolouration), move (e.g., have a slower walking pace), or sound (e.g., sneeze) sick. This pilot study tested whether humans are averse to the body odour of noninfectious individuals with a low-grade systemic inflammation. Methods: We collected the axillary body odour of individuals with severe seasonal allergy (N = 14) and healthy controls (N = 10) during and outside the allergy season and measured serum levels of two inflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-5). Independent participants (N = 67) then sampled and rated these odours on intensity and pleasantness. Results: While individuals with seasonal allergy had nominally more unpleasant and intense body odours during the allergy season, relative to outside the allergy season and to healthy controls, these effects were not significant. When examining immune markers, the change in perceived pleasantness of an individual’s body odour (from out-to-inside pollen season) was significantly related to the change in their interleukin-5 levels but not to tumour necrosis factor-α. Discussion: Our findings tentatively suggest that the human olfactory system could be sensitive to inflammation as present in a noncommunicable condition. Larger replications are required to determine the role of olfaction in the perception of infectious and noninfectious (e.g., chronic diseases) conditions.
Characteristics and Prognostic Factors of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant Infection in Hemodialysis Patients: A Single-Center Study in China
Authors: Zhang Fan , Li Guoli , Yu Jie , Shen Yiyu , Yang Yiya , Fu Shuangshuang , Liu Kanghan , Liang Yumei , Luo Xun , Chen Yinyin
Published: November 2023

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics and prognostic factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD). Methods: All admitted HD patients who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 from December 1, 2022, to January 31, 2023, were included. Patients with pneumonia were further classified into the mild, moderate, severe, and critical illness. Clinical symptoms, laboratory results, radiologic findings, treatment, and clinical outcomes were collected. Independent risk factors for progression to critical disease and in-hospital mortality were determined by the multivariate regression analysis. The receiver operating characteristic analysis with the area under the curve was used to evaluate the predictive performance of developing critical status and in-hospital mortality. Results: A total of 182 COVID-19 patients with HD were included, with an average age of the 61.55 years. Out of the total, 84 (46.1%) patients did not have pneumonia and 98 (53.8%) patients had pneumonia. Among patients with pneumonia, 48 (49.0%) had moderate illness, 26 (26.5%) severe illness, and 24 (24.5%) critical illness, respectively. Elder age [HR (95% CI): 1.07 (1.01–1.13), p <0.01], increased levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) [1.01 (1.003–1.01), p <0.01], and C-reactive protein (CRP) [1.01 (1.00–1.01), p = 0.04] were risk factors for developing critical illness. Elder age [1.11 (1.03–1.19), p = 0.01], increased procalcitonin (PCT) [1.07 (1.02–1.12), p = 0.01], and LDH level [1.004 (1–1.01), p = 0.03] were factors associated with increased risk of in-hospital mortality. Conclusion: Age, CRP, PCT, and LDH can be used to predict negative clinical outcomes for HD patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
miR-223-3p Prevents Necroptotic Macrophage Death by Targeting Ripk3 in a Negative Feedback Loop and Consequently Ameliorates Advanced Atherosclerosis
Authors: Jia Yunhui , Cheng Lianping , Yang Jiaxuan , Mao Jiaqi , Xie Yuhuai , Yang Xian , Zhang Xin , Wang Dingxin , Zhao Zhen , Schober Andreas , Wei Yuanyuan
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:

The formation of large necrotic cores results in vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques, which can lead to severe cardiovascular diseases. However, the specific regulatory mechanisms underlying the development of necrotic cores remain unclear.

METHODS:

To evaluate how the modes of lesional cell death are reprogrammed during the development of atherosclerosis, the expression levels of key proteins that are involved in the necroptotic, apoptotic, and pyroptotic pathways were compared between different stages of plaques in humans and mice. Luciferase assays and loss-of-function studies were performed to identify the microRNA-mediated regulatory mechanism that protects foamy macrophages from necroptotic cell death. The role of this mechanism in atherosclerosis was determined by using a knockout mouse model with perivascular drug administration and tail vein injection of microRNA inhibitors in
Apoe

−/−

mice.

RESULTS:

Here, we demonstrate that the necroptotic, rather than the apoptotic or pyroptotic, pathway is more activated in advanced unstable plaques compared with stable plaques in both humans and mice, which closely correlates with necrotic core formation. The upregulated expression of Ripk3 (receptor-interacting protein kinase 3) promotes the C/EBPβ (CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta)-dependent transcription of the microRNA miR-223-3p, which conversely inhibits Ripk3 expression and forms a negative feedback loop to regulate the necroptosis of foamy macrophages. The knockout of the
Mir223
gene in bone marrow cells accelerates atherosclerosis in
Apoe

−/−

mice, but this effect can be rescued by
Ripk3
deficiency or treatment with the necroptosis inhibitors necrostatin-1 and GSK-872. Like the
Mir223
knockout, treating
Apoe

−/−

mice with miR-223-3p inhibitors increases atherosclerosis.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our study suggests that miR-223-3p expression in macrophages protects against atherosclerotic plaque rupture by limiting the formation of necrotic cores, thus providing a potential microRNA therapeutic candidate for atherosclerosis.
Logic, ‘Logic,’ ‘Luoji,’ and 邏輯: Zhang Shizhao and the Translation of ‘Logic’ into Chinese
Authors: Beaney Michael , Liang Xiaolan
Published: November 2023

In this article we discuss Zhang Shizhao’s famous essay “Lun Fanyi Mingyi〈論翻譯名義〉” (On the Meanings of Names in Translation), which played a key role in establishing what is now the standard translation of ‘logic’ into Chinese, sketching the historical context and analyzing and evaluating the argument he gives for providing a phonemic rather than semantic translation.
The Position of the European Security Architecture within the International Legal Order
Authors: White Nigel D.
Published: November 2023

With the universal architecture for peace and security centred upon the UN Charter of 1945 and the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) of 1968 being built on great power foundations, there are manifest problems when there is no consensus amongst those great powers in the face of existential threats to peace and security. The question considered in this article is whether the European Security Architecture (ESA), consisting of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) and the European Union (EU), can forge a different and distinct path that can provide security for States and individuals while remaining within the international rule of law. In contrast to the executive-dominated universal collective security system, power and authority in the ESA are much more diffuse, fluid and overlapping, with a mixture of foundational documents ranging from the constitutional/supranational (the EU), contractual (NATO) and political (the OSCE), as well as a range of overlapping competences, powers and practice in: peaceful settlement; the promotion of human rights and democracy; the enforcement of fundamental rules of international law by non-forcible measures; collective defence commitments; crisis management; and nuclear deterrence. The ESA, though less constitutional in a hierarchical sense when compared to the UN/NPT system, promises greater connection between security and law, but is it capable of deterring and confronting naked aggression and other egregious violations of international law?
The Principle of non-refoulement at Sea and Its Implications for Rescue Operations: the Corte di Cassazione’s Judgment in the Vos Thalassa Case
Authors: Carpanelli Elena
Published: November 2023

On 26 April 2022, the Corte di Cassazione published its decision relating to the socalled Vos Thalassa case, whereby it overturned the Corte d’appello’s judgment and acknowledged that migrants rescued at sea, who forcibly oppose their return to a place where they would face the risk of being subjected to torture or other ill-treatment, could avail themselves of self-defence as per Article 52 of the Italian Criminal Code. From an international law standpoint, the judgment is relevant for at least two reasons. First, it seemingly reiterated, at least prima facie, that Italian judicial practice had integrated the protection of human rights – and more specifically, the non-refoulement principle – in the very notion of a place of safety, provided for in law of the sea treaties. Second, it conferred jus cogens status on the principle of non-refoulement as a result of it being a component of the norm outlawing torture and other ill-treatment. This article places the Corte di Cassazione’s conclusions concerning these two aspects within the broader debate on the meaning of the notion of a place of safety and the jus cogens nature of the non-refoulement principle. In particular, it is concluded that in both cases, the Corte’s findings, while significant, raise doubts as to their consistency within the relevant international legal framework and would have benefitted from a more-in depth analysis.
Diversity, abundance, and habitat utilization of medium and large-sized mammals in Debre-Libanos Monastery Forest, central part of Ethiopia
Authors: Desalegn Tamenut , Abebe Belayneh , Abate Degu
Published: November 2023

The present study aimed to estimate the diversity, abundance, and habitat utilization patterns of medium and large-sized mammals in the Debre-libanos Monastery forest, Ethiopia. The survey was conducted from December 2019 to October 2020, considering the wet and dry seasons. A stratified sampling design was applied, dividing the study area into four habitat types based on the vegetation composition and cover (i.e., Natural forest, Plantation, Cliff/Rocky, and Settlement). Both direct and indirect observations were used along the transect lines to identify mammal species. Indirect evidence included tracks, dens, droppings, hair, and other signs. Nineteen transect lines of 0.5‒1 km in length were established. The distance between transects was 200 m to avoid double counting. A total of 11 medium and large-sized mammal species belonging to 6 orders and eight families were identified during the study period. Carnivores and primates were the dominant orders, accounting for 36.4% and 27.3% of the species, respectively. Among primates, the Gelada baboon (Theropithecus gelada) is endemic to Ethiopia. The highest diversity of medium and large-sized mammals was observed in the natural forest during the dry season (Hʹ = 1.44), and the lowest diversity was recorded in the settlement during the dry season (Hʹ = 0.77). The abundance of different mammal species varied significantly from an even distribution (χ2 = 7344.9, df = 10, p < 0.001) and was not consistent among the four habitat types (Species × Habitat type interaction; Fisher-Freeeman-Halton exact test; χ2 = 649.3, df = 30, p < 0.001). High similarity in species composition was observed between the natural forest and plantation (SI = 0.94), whereas low similarity occurred between the cliff/rocky and settlement habitat types (SI = 0.18). Gelada baboon abundance was high; therefore, communities and government bodies must pay attention and conserve this species in the area.
Two new species of Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from southern India
Authors: SAYYED AMIT , KIRUBANKARAN SAMSON , KHOT RAHUL , HARSAN SHIVA , ADHIKARI OMKAR , SAYYED AYAAN , SAYYED MASUM , FAZIL AHAMED , JERITH AHAMED , DESHPANDE SHUBHANKAR , PURKAYASTHA JAYADITYA , SULAKHE SHAURI
Published: November 2023

We describe two new species of Cnemaspis from Alagarkovil, Madurai District and Mekkarai, Shenkottai, Tenkasi, southern India, based on molecular and morphological data. The new species differ from their congeners by genetic divergences of 4.8–16.1% and 14.8–31.6% for the ND2 mitochondrial gene. Two new species belong to the Cnemaspis gracilis and Cnemaspis beddomei clades, respectively. Molecular data for the newly described Cnemaspis aaronbaueri from its type locality is also presented, and its phylogenetic position is established.
Taxonomic review of the Oriental genus Gandhara Moore with descriptions of four new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini)
Authors: VOLYNKIN ANTON V. , ČERNÝ KAREL , HUANG SI-YAO , HU HUA-LIN
Published: November 2023

The genus Gandhara Moore, 1878 is reviewed. Four new species are described: Gandhara typica Volynkin & Černý, sp. n. (Nepal, northeast India, northern Myanmar and northern Thailand), Gandhara clava Volynkin & Černý, sp. n. (Laos and northern Thailand), Gandhara emgai Volynkin & Černý, sp. n. (northern Vietnam), and Gandhara interrogativa Volynkin, Černý, S.-Y. Huang & H.-L. Hu, sp. n. (northern Vietnam and southern China). Gandhara typica sp. n. is fixed as the type species of the genus Gandhara whereas Lithosia serva Walker, 1854 considered by authors as the type species of Gandhara by misidentification is transferred to the genus Collita Moore, 1878. Two new combinations are introduced: Gandhara conica (Fang, 2000), comb. n. and Collita serva (Walker, 1854), comb. n. A lectotype is designated for Lithosia serva Walker, 1854 in order to stabilise the nomenclature. Adults as well as male and female genitalia are illustrated.