bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of non-state organizations in strengthening social capital: case study of Mansehra district of KP province, Pakistan
Authors: Nasir Shoaib , Yasin Mudassar , Mehmood Muhammad U. , Luqman Muhammad , Yaseen Muhammad , Majeed Muhammad Z. , Aslam Manan , Imran Muhammad A.
Published: July 2021

The building of functional linkages between non-profit/non-state organizations and other collaborators at various levels is a necessity to benefit the welfare of the rural poor. Pakistan is also embracing its inclusion in the list of economies that are considered to have weak social capital. Strengthening of social capital has a valuable contribution by the NGOs especially in the rangelands of Pakistan. The current study is designed to examine the role of non-governmental and non-state organizations in building up social capital. Data were taken from three different localities in the Mansehra district of Hazara region in Pakistan adopting qualitative and quantitative approaches. A weak organizational infrastructure in terms of horizontal and vertical principles (transparency, viability, integrity, accountability etc.) was found in all three study areas. The access to social capital at sites I & II obtained 1.98 and 1.78 respectively and residents of site III were found deprived. The study showed that rural people with low income (often referred to as poor) have lower social incomes compared to people with high- and medium-income levels (often referred as well off and better off). The limitations of time availability and social confidence results in no contact or social interaction among poor. A significant role of NGOs has been observed in bringing poor and oppressed people into mainstream social capital. The study delineates the increased involvement of registered and unregistered local groups/organizations in the development of rural community. Findings of the research also conclude that local community groups are more vital than that of the registered organizations due to their informal culture and true representation of practical needs of the community. The volunteers played an important role in creating social grants, and their inclusion in the form of a comprehensive social capital plan will result in refinement of services and overall betterment of society.
Effect of seasonal fodder availability on smallholder dairy farmers’ participation in markets in Mosop sub-county, Kenya
Authors: Tuei Beatrice C. , Onyango Christopher A. , Bebe Bockline O. , Kiptot Evelyne C. , Carsan Sammy
Published: July 2021

The growing demand for animal products in developing countries presents opportunities for smallholder dairy farmers to participate in markets. However, seasonal fodder scarcity is a pervasive limitation to dairy productivity and disrupts market participation. The objective of this paper was to determine the influence of seasonal fodder availability on the participation of smallholder farmers in fodder and milk markets. Primary data was collected in a cross-sectional survey involving a random sample of 176 farmers, in Mosop sub-County, Nandi County of Kenya. Complete data for computation of fodder scarcity and market participation was available from 130 farmers. Data was processed in Excel and subsequently analysed in Statistical Package for Social Scientist (SPSS version 21) software using descriptive and logistic regression statistics. Study results revealed that an increase in fodder deficit was associated with a decline in milk sales (β= -.95, p=0.002), leading to an increase in milk price (β= 0.59, p=0.024) and increase in the quantity of purchased concentrate feed (β=0.17, p=0.038). The study concludes that fodder scarcity leads to low farmer market participation and recommends the strengthening of producer organizations to facilitate feed and milk marketing, capacity building on feed formulation and utilization, conservation and processing. These capacities would enable farmers to meet fodder demands in the dry season and would stabilize milk prices if supported with incentives for private and public partnerships investments in the feed value chain.
Book Review of Rawa>i' al-Baya>n fi> Tafsi>r At al-Ah}ka>m min al-Qur'a>n (Haste of Tarji>h} of Muh}ammad 'Ali> al-S{a>bu>ni>)
Authors: Mu'alim Much. - , Idri Idri , Dimyathi Afifuddin
Published: July 2021

This book review explains tarji>h} that used by Muh}ammad 'Ali> al-S{a>bu>ni> in the book of Rawa>i al-Baya>n fi> Tafsi>r At al-Ah}ka>m min al-Qur'a>n. This book is one of the contemporary commentaries that seeks to display the Qur'an in simple language, but uses a comprehensive explanation, and systematic methods. It is also one form of response to various legal problems that arise in the midst of Islam people lives, with various differences of opinion in it. Al-S{a>bu>ni> simplified these opinions using the tarji>h} method, which is to compare these opinions to find the most superior opinion. The conclusion of this book review that is not all results of al-S{a>bu>ni>’s tarji>h} in the book of Rawa>i' al-Baya>n can be used as h}ujjah (evidence and legal handle), because there are still some tarji>h} processes that did not correspond to the stages must be passed. However, the majority of tarji>h} results that he had attempted can be used as h}ujjah because it has fulfilled the stages of tarji>h} implementation in question.
Mobile Health untuk Mencegah Luka Diabetes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hanim Risyda Zakiyah , Herawati Tuti
Published: July 2021

Ulcus diabeticum is the most common complication that results in death. Diabetic foot currently reach 40 to 60 million people in patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. This article was a mobile-health systematic review in preventing diabetic foot injuries. The search sources were Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, ProQuest, Ebscohost and Sage published from 2015 to 2020 with the search keywords of "diabetes mellitus", "ulcus diabetic", "foot ulcer", "diabetic wound", "prevention", "mhealth", "telehealth ", " telemedicine", and "telenursing". The results show that there were four components in preventing diabetes wounds, namely monitoring foot temperature, foot images, directed guidance and virtual consultation. Mhealth has a positive impact on the prevention of diabetes mellitus wounds so that mHealth can be applied to prevent the incidence of diabetic wounds.

Keywords: m-health; prevention; diabetic wounds

ABSTRAK

Ulkus diabeticum merupakan komplikasi yang paling banyak mengakibatkan kematian. Kaki diabetik saat ini mencapai 40 hingga 60 juta jiwa pada pasien yang terdiagnosa diabetes mellitus. Artikel ini merupakan systematic review mobile-health dalam mencegah luka kaki diabetik. Sumber pencarian adalah Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, ProQuest, Ebscohost dan Sage yang diterbitkan dari 2015 hingga 2020 dengan kata kunci pencarian "diabetes mellitus", "ulcus diabetic", "foot ulcer", "diabetic wound" "prevention", "mhealth", "telehealth", "telemedicine", dan "telenursing". Hasil menunjukkan terdapat empat komponen dalam pencegahan luka diabetes yakni monitoring suhu kaki, gambar kaki, panduan terarah dan konsultasi virtual. mhealth berdampak positif pada pencegahan luka diabetes mellitus sehingga mHealth dapat memungkinkan untuk diterapkan untuk mencegah kejadian luka diabetes.

Kata kunci: mhealth; pencegahan; luka diabetes
PENGARUH SENAM ERGONOMIK TERHADAP PENURUNAN KELUHAN NYERI SENDI PADA LANSIA DENGAN GOUT DI DESA WAIMITAL DUSUN WAIMITAL KECAMATAN KAIRATU KABUPATEN SERAM BAGIAN BARAT
Authors: Dusra Epi , Rochmaedah Siti , Vivi Irmayunita
Published: July 2021

Gout merupakan gangguan inflamasi akut yang ditandai dengan adanya nyeri akibat penimbunan Kristal monosodium urat pada persendian maupun jaringan lunak didalam tubuh. Di dunia prevalensi penyakit gout mengalami kenaikan jumlah penderita hingga dua kali lipat antara tahun 1990-2010. Di Amerika Serikat penyakit gout mengalami peningkatan dan mempengaruhi 8.3 juta (4%) orang Amerika. Salah satu upaya untuk mengurangi nyeri sendi adalah dengan terapi non farmakologi seperti senam ergonomik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh senam ergonomik terhadap penurunan keluhan nyeri sendi pada lansia di Dusun Waimital Desa Waimital Kecamatan Kairatu Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat tahun 2017. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental semu (quasy eksperimental) dengan pendekatan non-equivalent control group design. Metode pengambilan sampel adalah total sampling dengan jumlah sampel 30 responden. Instrumen penelitian ini menggunakan lembar observasi skala nyeri. Pengolahan data dengan SPSS menggunakan uji statistik Pairest sample t-test dengan tingkat kemaknaan 0,05. Hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan uji parametrik Paired sample t-test menunjukan kelompok perlakuan nilai p=0,000 sedangkan kelompok kontrol nilai p=0,948. Dari hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa senam ergonomik berpengaruh terhadap penurunan keluhan nyeri sendi pada lansia dengan gout di Dusun Waimital Desa Waimital Kecamatan Kairatu Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat.

Kata kunci : Senam Ergonomik, Skala Nyeri, Lansia, Gout
An Efficient Algorithm for Retrieving CO2 in the Atmosphere From Hyperspectral Measurements of Satellites: Application of NLS-4DVar Data Assimilation Method
Authors: Jin Zhe , Tian Xiangjun , Duan Minzheng , Han Rui
Published: July 2021

A novel and efficient inverse method, named Nonlinear least squares four-dimensional variational data Assimilation (NLS-4DVar)-based CO2 Retrieval Algorithm (NARA), is proposed for retrieving atmospheric CO2 from the satellite hyperspectral measurements, in which the NLS-4DVar method is used as the optimization method. As the NLS-4DVar method works independently of the tangent linear model and adjoint model, the time-consuming calculation of the weighting function matrix is unnecessary, and the computation complexity is tremendously reduced while maintaining the retrieval accuracy. This is extremely important for space-based CO2 retrievals with large data volumes. Observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) over four different sites around the world showed that the NARA algorithm could retrieve XCO2 and CO2 profiles effectively. To further evaluate the NARA algorithm, it was used for real CO2 retrievals from target-mode observations of Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) over Lamont, Oklahoma, and Darwin, Australia. The results were compared with that of ground measurements of Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). The mean difference of XCO2 between NARA and TCCON over Lamont, from 180 observations, was −0.15 ppmv with a standard deviation (SD) of 0.76 ppmv. Over Darwin, the mean difference, from 180 observations (90 points over land and 90 points over the ocean), is −0.17 ppmv (SD: 1.26 ppmv). The preliminary results showed that the efficient NLS-4DVar-based algorithm could provide great help for satellite remote sensing of CO2, and it may be used as an operational procedure after further and extensive evaluations.
Salmonella spvC Gene Inhibits Autophagy of Host Cells and Suppresses NLRP3 as Well as NLRC4
Authors: Zhou Liting , Li Yuanyuan , Gao Song , Yuan Haibo , Zuo Lingli , Wu Chaoyi , Huang Rui , Wu Shuyan
Published: July 2021

Salmonella spvC gene, encoding a phosphothreonine lyase on host mitogen-activated protein kinases, facilitates systemic infection of Salmonella while the precise mechanisms remain elusive. Autophagy and pyroptosis dependent on the activation of inflammasomes, as parts of innate immune response, contribute to host defense against Salmonella infection. Recently, we reported that spvC could inhibit pyroptosis. To explore the effect of spvC on autophagy and the relationship between its function in pyroptosis and autophagy, infection models of macrophages J774A.1 and epithelial HeLa cells co-cultured with Salmonella Typhimurium wild type, spvC deletion, site-directed mutant which lacks phosphothreonine lyase activity, or complemented strain were established. The levels of LC3 turnover and Beclin 1 of J774A.1 cells were determined by western blot. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to visualize the autophagic flux after being transfected with mRFP-GFP-LC3 plasmid in HeLa cells. Results showed that SpvC inhibited autophagosome formation through its phosphothreonine lyase activity. Additionally, analysis of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) and NLR with CARD domain-containing 4 (NLRC4) in J774A.1 cells indicated that spvC decreased the protein levels of NLRP3 and NLRC4, which were significantly changed by autophagy inhibitor Bafilomycin A1. Together, our observations reveal a novel mechanism of spvC in Salmonella pathogenesis and host inflammatory response via inhibiting autophagy and NLRP3 as well as NLRC4. These pathways and their subversion by diverse pathogen virulence determinants are expected to throw light on the design of anti-infective agents.
The Role of T Cell Senescence in Neurological Diseases and Its Regulation by Cellular Metabolism
Authors: Fessler Johannes , Angiari Stefano
Published: July 2021

Immunosenescence is a state of dysregulated leukocyte function characterised by arrested cell cycle, telomere shortening, expression of markers of cellular stress, and secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators. Immunosenescence principally develops during aging, but it may also be induced in other pathological settings, such as chronic viral infections and autoimmune diseases. Appearance of senescent immune cells has been shown to potentially cause chronic inflammation and tissue damage, suggesting an important role for this process in organismal homeostasis. In particular, the presence of senescent T lymphocytes has been reported in neurological diseases, with some works pointing towards a direct connection between T cell senescence, inflammation and neuronal damage. In this minireview, we provide an overview on the role of T cell senescence in neurological disorders, in particular in multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer disease. We also discuss recent literature investigating how metabolic remodelling controls the development of a senescence phenotype in T cells. Targeting metabolic pathways involved in the induction of senescent T cells may indeed represent a novel approach to limit their inflammatory activity and prevent neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.
Identification of the Prognostic Signatures of Glioma With Different PTEN Status
Authors: Zhang Pei , Meng Xinyi , Liu Liqun , Li Shengzhen , Li Yang , Ali Sakhawat , Li Shanhu , Xiong Jichuan , Liu Xuefeng , Li Shouwei , Xia Qin , Dong Lei
Published: July 2021

The high-grade glioma is characterized by cell heterogeneity, gene mutations, and poor prognosis. The deletions and mutations of the tumor suppressor gene PTEN (5%-40%) in glioma patients are associated with worse survival and therapeutic resistance. Characterization of unique prognosis molecular signatures by PTEN status in glioma is still unclear. This study established a novel risk model, screened optimal prognostic signatures, and calculated the risk score for the individual glioma patients with different PTEN status. Screening results revealed fourteen independent prognostic gene signatures in PTEN-wt and three in the -50PTEN-mut subgroup. Moreover, we verified risk score as an independent prognostic factor significantly correlated with tumor malignancy. Due to the higher malignancy of the PTEN-mut gliomas, we explored the independent prognostic signatures (CLCF1, AEBP1, and OS9) for a potential therapeutic target in PTEN-mut glioma. We further separated IDH wild-type glioma patients into GBM and LGG to verify the therapeutic target along with PTEN status, notably, the above screened therapeutic targets are also significant prognostic genes in both IDH-wt/PTEN-mut GBM and LGG patients. We further identified the small molecule compound (+)-JQ1 binds to all three targets, indicating a potential therapy for PTEN-mut glioma. In sum, gene signatures and risk scores in the novel risk model facilitate glioma diagnosis, prognosis prediction, and treatment.
Studies of Intra-Fraction Prostate Motion During Stereotactic Irradiation in First Irradiation and Re-Irradiation
Authors: Taillez Alexandre , Bimbai Andre-Michel , Lacornerie Thomas , Le Deley Marie-Cecile , Lartigau Eric F. , Pasquier David
Published: July 2021

Background

Understanding intra-fractional prostate motions is crucial for stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). No studies have focused on the intra-fractional prostate motions during re-irradiation with SBRT. The objective was to evaluate these translational and rotational motions in primary treated patients and in the context of re-irradiation.

Methods

From January 2011 to March 2020, 162 patients with histologically proven prostate cancer underwent prostate SBRT, including 58 as part of a re-irradiation treatment. We used the continuous coordinates of the fiducial markers collected by an orthogonal X-ray dual-image monitoring system. The translations and rotations of the prostate were calculated. Prostate deviations representing overall movement was defined as the length of the 3D-vectors.

Results

A total of 858 data files were analyzed. The deviations over time in the group of primary treated patients were significantly larger than that of the group of re-irradiation, leading to a mean deviation of 2.73 mm (SD =1.00) versus 1.90 mm (SD =0.79), P<0.001. In the re-irradiation group, we identified displacements of -0.05 mm (SD =1.53), 0.20 mm (SD =1.46); and 0.42 mm (SD =1.24) in the left-right, superior-inferior and anterior-posterior planes. Overall, we observed increasing deviations over the first 30 min followed by a stabilization related to movements in the three translational axes.

Conclusion

This is the first study to focus on intrafraction prostate motions in the context of re-irradiation. We observed that intra-fraction prostate motions persisted in the setting of re-irradiation, although they showed a significant reduction when compared with the first irradiation. These results will help to better estimate random errors during SBRT treatment of intra-prostatic recurrence after irradiation.
Pyramiding of Fusarium Head Blight Resistance Quantitative Trait Loci, Fhb1, Fhb4, and Fhb5, in Modern Chinese Wheat Cultivars
Authors: Zhang Yiduo , Yang Zibo , Ma Haicai , Huang Liying , Ding Feng , Du Yingying , Jia Haiyan , Li Guoqiang , Kong Zhongxin , Ran Congfu , Gu Zhengzhong , Ma Zhengqiang
Published: July 2021

Wheat production is increasingly threatened by the fungal disease, Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium spp. The introduction of resistant varieties is considered to be an effective measure for containment of this disease. Mapping of FHB-resistance quantitative trait locus (QTL) has promoted marker-assisted breeding for FHB resistance, which has been difficult through traditional breeding due to paucity of resistance genes and quantitative nature of the resistance. The lab of Ma previously cloned Fhb1, which inhibits FHB spread within spikes, and fine mapped Fhb4 and Fhb5, which condition resistance to initial infection of Fusarium spp., from FHB-resistant indigenous line Wangshuibai (WSB). In this study, these three QTLs were simultaneously introduced into five modern Chinese wheat cultivars or lines with different ecological adaptations through marker-assisted backcross in early generations. A total of 14 introgression lines were obtained. All these lines showed significantly improved resistance to the fungal infection and disease spread in 2-year field trials after artificial inoculation. In comparison with the respective recipient lines, the Fhb1, Fhb4, and Fhb5 pyramiding could reduce the disease severity by 95% and did not systematically affect plant height, productive tiller number, kernel number per spike, thousand grain weight, flowering time, and unit yield (without Fusarium inoculation). These results indicated the great value of FHB-resistance QTLs Fhb1, Fhb4, and Fhb5 derived from WSB, and the feasibility and effectiveness of early generation selection for FHB resistance solely based on linked molecular markers.
Prevalence and Characteristics of Borderline Intellectual Functioning in a Cohort of Patients With Polysubstance Use Disorder
Authors: Hetland Jens , Braatveit Kirsten J. , Hagen Egon , Lundervold Astri J. , Erga Aleksander H.
Published: July 2021

Objective: To determine the prevalence and associated demographic and clinical features of borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) among individuals with polysubstance use disorder (pSUD).

Methods: We applied a cross-sectional analytical design to data from the Norwegian STAYER study (n = 162), a cohort study of patients with a pSUD from the Stavanger University hospital catchment area. We used Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) to define BIF (FSIQ = 70–85) and non-BIF (FSIQ = >85) and collected demographic and clinical data using semi-structured interviews and self-reports on the Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL-90-R) and the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS).

Results: The prevalence of BIF was 18% in the present study. The presence of BIF was associated with higher SCL-90-R GSI scores than in the non-BIF group. There were no significant differences between the BIF and non-BIF groups regarding age, gender, participation in meaningful daily activity, years of work experience, years of education, satisfaction with life, level of care, treatment attempts, age at substance-use onset, years of substance use, history of injecting drugs, or age of onset of injecting drugs.

Conclusion: The present study confirmed a higher prevalence of BIF among patients with pSUD than expected from the distribution of IQ scores in a general population. Elevated SCL-90-R GSI scores suggested that BIF is associated with increased psychological distress in patients receiving treatment for pSUD. Further studies on this association, and its effect on treatment procedure and outcomes are strongly warranted.
Del psicoanálisis a la psicoterapia psicoanalítica en asistencia pública. Un ejemplo de focalización en el tratamiento breve a niños
Authors: Sala Jordi
Published: July 2021

En este trabajo he intentado describir un recorrido que nos lleva del tratamiento psicoanalítico a la psicoterapia psicoanalítica breve y necesariamente focal. Después de plantear algunos aspectos específicos de la atención psicoterapéutica en la infancia y a través de la presentación de las primeras entrevistas con una madre y su hijo de 7 años de edad describo la elección del foco como un momento especial y muy importante de este abordaje terapéutico. La evolución del paciente puso de manifiesto que la elección del foco había sido mayormente acertada.
Buscando sentido al dolor crónico: la dinámica de la aceptación
Authors: Bland Earl D. , Henning Douglas D.
Published: July 2021

Quienes tratan con individuos con dolor crónico son conscientes de los efectos omnipresentes y a menudo devastadores que puede tener este dolor sobre las vidas de los individuos que puede incluso llegar a sacudir los fundamentos del propio ser. Las crisis de sentido (definidas por los autores como aquellas preguntas que implican el porqué y el cómo) son frecuentes en personas con dolor crónico, al intentar dar sentido a sus vidas frente a los considerables retos para lograr habilidades funcionales y confort. Junto con impedimentos físicos, del dolor crónico brota una gran cantidad de problemas emocionales, cognitivos, espirituales, relacionales y socioeconómicos. En tanto que estas dificultades parecen insalvables, quizás el reto mayor subyacente a éstas es la construcción de una cosmovisión nueva o modificada que incluya la inexorabilidad del dolor. La reorientación de las propias expectativas, de la auto-percepción, y de las posibilidades de futuro es a menudo un camino lento y arduo. Este artículo propone que la aceptación es un proceso catalizador dinámico a través del cual las personas con dolor crónico incorporan nuevos significados del self los otros y del mundo. La aceptación no sólo promueve un ajuste positivo y bienestar, sino que además estimula la esperanza, el optimismo y la auto-eficacia, a pesar de las realidades problemáticas.
Líneas de intervención del psicólogo en las unidades del dolor: cuatro experiencias clínicas
Authors: Tapia Melendo Sonia , Sugrañes Berta , Peñarroya Alba , Bakaikoa Maika , Borrell Dani , Semis Ricard
Published: July 2021

En el presente artículo se pretende dar una visión de la actividad que desarrolla el psicólogo dentro de las unidades del dolor, que en ningún caso pretende ser exhaustiva sino simplemente un modo de compartir con el lector nuestra experiencia en el trabajo con personas que sufren dolor crónico y que son atendidas en las unidades especializadas en diferentes hospitales de la red pública. Presentamos diferentes líneas de intervención psicológica en personas que padecen de dolor crónico abarcando aspectos como: evaluación psicológica, terapia individual, terapia de pareja y terapia de grupo.
La musicoterapia en el tratamiento del dolor crónico
Authors: Martí Augé Patricia
Published: July 2021

La musicoterapia presenta indudables beneficios para el tratamiento del dolor crónico. En este artículo se ponen de relieve los aspectos sensoriales, cognitivos y afectivos que la música puede aportar como terapéutica específica en la desensibilización al dolor y los cuidados paliativos. De este modo la musicoterapia se puede integrar fácilmente en los distintos tratamiento tanto de naturaleza médica como no médica.
Cuestiones profesionales en la psicofarmacoterapia para psicólogos
Authors: McGrath Robert E. , Sammons Morgan T. , Brown Anita , Wiggins Jack G. , Levant Ronald F. , Stock Wendy
Published: July 2021

La mayor parte de la discusión crítica sobre la autoridad prescriptiva de los psicólogos se ha centrado en la cuestión de si esta es la dirección acertada para la profesión. Los autores sostienen que el discurso sobre la autoridad prescriptiva debería progresar hacia la identificación de los retos que esperan a la psicología como profesión prescriptiva, con la meta de anticipar y redirigir aquellos retos tan pronto como sea posible dentro del proceso. Los autores identifican un número de estos retos potenciales, incluyendo cuestiones tanto generales como de identidad profesional como cuestiones más prácticas. En algunos casos, los autores expresan sus opiniones sobre estos temas, pero su intención es la de estimular una discusión razonada sobre las cuestiones con las que los psicólogos deberán afrontarse.
Minimal Lateral Internal Sphincterotomy (LIS): Is It Enough to Cut Less Than the Conventional Tailored LIS?
Authors: Lee Keun-Hee , Hyun Keehoon , Yoon Seo-Gue , Lee Jong-Kyun
Published: July 2021

Purpose: Anal fissure is a common anorectal condition, yet its pathogenesis remains unclear. Lateral internal sphincterotomy (LIS) is the gold standard treatment for chronic anal fissures that do not respond to conservative treatment; however, it has a risk of anal incontinence. We believe that fibrosis of the internal anal sphincter is an important factor in the pathogenesis of chronic anal fissure. In this study, we describe the minimal LIS method, a minimally invasive method where only the fibrotic portion of the internal anal sphincter is cut. We also describe the outcomes of this method.Methods: We performed a retrospective review of 468 patients (270 male and 198 female) who underwent minimal LIS for chronic anal fissure in 2017 at Seoul Song Do Hospital. We analyzed the patients’ clinical characteristics, manometry data, complications, and outcomes of minimal LIS. The outcomes of the surgery were assessed via questionnaires during the postoperative outpatient visits, beginning 2 weeks postoperatively.Results: The overall complication rate was 4.0% (19 patients). Delayed healing occurred in 14 patients (3.0%), perianal abscess was present in 3 patients (0.6%), and gas incontinence occurred in 2 patients (0.4%). All complications were improved with conservative treatment. Recurrence, defined as the recurrence of anal fissure more than 4 weeks after healing, was present in 6 patients (1.3%).Conclusion: Minimal LIS is a safe and effective treatment option for patients with chronic anal fissure. Postoperative complications, especially incontinence and recurrence, are rare.
Proliferative and apoptotic evaluations of renal preventive effects of coenzyme Q10 in radioiodine-131 induced renal damage
Authors: YUMUŞAK Nihat , KOCA Gökhan , AKBULUT Aylin , ATILGAN Hasan İkbal , KORKMAZ Meliha
Published: July 2021

The aim of this study was to investigated anti-proliferative and anti-apoptotic effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in the prevention of radioiodine-131 (RAI) (I131) induced kidney damage. A total of 24 Wistar albino rats were separated into equal three groups (n = 8/group): Group 1 (control): untreated group; Group 2 (RAI): 3 mCi/kg RAI oral route; Group 3 (RAI+CoQ10): 3 mCi/kg RAI oral route and intraperitoneally 30 mg/kg/day CoQ10. CoQ10 treatment was started two days before RAI administration and was continued five days once daily after RAI. Pathomorphological parameters of kidneys were measured using hematoxylin–eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining. Immunohistochemically; proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), caspase 8, caspase 9 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) were used to determine proliferation and apoptosis. With the exception of the control group, varying degrees of inflammation, degeneration, necrosis, and interstitial/perivascular fibrosis were detected in the kidneys of all rats. This histopathological damage was found to be significantly less in CoQ10 group versus RAI group (P<0.05). The all immunohistochemical examinations demonstrated that administration of CoQ10 had reduced proliferation and apoptosis (P<0.05). The results of kidney histopathology and immunohistochemistry demonstrated that administration of CoQ10 had reduced inflammation, proliferation, and apoptosis. These findings show CoQ10 can play an important role in the radioprotection of kidneys against RAI-induced damage
Telaah Kritis terhadap Fungsionalitas Gereja Toraja Berdasarkan Kritik Sosio-Religi Karl Marx
Authors: Rante Yakob Sampe
Published: July 2021

This study aims to critique and evaluate the church's functionality, namely the church in its social function. The Toraja Church is still not here to carry out its real social function. As a result, various kinds of social injustice that are produced from culture settle right within the sphere of the church. The church exists only as a producer of the imagination: directing the imagination, without fixing problems on earth. This study uses a qualitative method with a literature observation approach. As a basis, the theory used in this research is Karl Marx's socio-religious criticism theory. The essence of this criticism is not rejection of religion, but rejection of religious practices which merely produce illusions, so as not to solve the problems experienced by society, especially Christians, as a result, society becomes alienated. The Toraja Church is required not to solve problems through imagined solutions, but instead to bring concrete liberating solutions in society. The church should be a real medicine where there is a sick soul due to the chaos of the world. With the revival of church functionality, the church has become a strong fortress for the community towards peace.
Hubungan Locus of Control Internal Dengan Kematangan Karir Siswa
Authors: Siregar Mulia
Published: July 2021

This research aims to study and prove a correlation between internal locus of control and the career maturity to the students of SMKN (State Vocational School) 1 Percut Sei Tuan. The hypothesis in this research is there is a positive correlation between internal locus of control and the career maturity it means the higher of internal locus of control the higher of career maturity. The internal locus of control is measured using I-E scale that arranged by Rotter (1966) and adapted by researcher. The career maturity is measured by CMI that arranged by Crites and adapted into the culture of Indonesia by Taganing, et. al. (2006). This research involves 90 students in Grade XI and XII of SMKN 1 Percut Sei Tuan in Mapping survey and Construction of Concrete department. The sample is taken by total sampling method because the researcher take total population as sample of this research. Based on the results of research it concluded that there is a significant correlation between variable X – Y, with rxy = 0.674; p = 0.000 (p < 0.010) means the hypothesis is accepted. The effective contribution of internal locus of control to the career maturity is 45.5%.
Kepemimpinan Tri Rismaharini dalam Mengatasi Pengelolaan Sampah di Kota Surabaya
Authors: Pratama Mohd Rahmaddhoni , Fitriyah Fitriyah
Published: July 2021

The city of Surabaya is becoming a global model model in the problem of tackling waste. Risma program with Sustainable Development Goals policy is able to solve the problem of waste waste in Surabaya. Furthermore, this study will explain how Tri Rismaharini's leadership as Mayor of Surabaya in driving public participation and bureaucracy in tackling the garbage problem. This research method uses descriptive skin. Research data obtained from primary data through informants surabaya city government apparatus and the community is quite representative. Secondary data by quoting books, journals, documents and online media. Data analysis techniques in this study through data reduction, data display and drawing conclusions. The results showed that Tri Rismaharini's leadership has a disciplined and assertive leadership style, both in serving the community. Although Risma is known as a leader who cannot accept criticism, nor advice. But tend to participating, because it is more concerned with the process and implementation in the field and tends to tell, where demanding to be firm and disciplined against waste management in the city of Surabaya.
Mengembangkan Media Pembelajaran: Analisis Kebutuhan Pada Materi Exterior Light System
Authors: Fajri Gofani , Priyono Priyono , Kusumohadi Catur Setyawan
Published: July 2021

This research and development aim to present the results of the analysis of the need for media development for learning in vocational schools on exterior lights system materials. In this research, the needs analysis has referred to: (1) vocational schools are obliged to prepare students with relevant competencies to fill the needs of prospective workers in the world of work or industry; (2) The new world of work demands a higher level of thinking and skills (3) The problem of learning exterior lights system materials that are theoretical; (4) Media required in the practice of exterior lights system. This research uses a series of unstructured observation methods, open question questionnaires, as well as unstructured interviews in gathering information in the field. The result of this study is: (1) Unstructured observation results are the discovery of the problem that 70% of the daily test results of exterior lights system materials of grade XI Electrical Avionic students under the minimum completion criteria (below the grade of 75). (2) The results of the open question questionnaire are the majority of students (96%) students need practice through learning media so that learning outcomes can be improved so as to achieve minimum completion criteria. (3) The results of unstructured interviews to subject teachers are in line with the results of the questionnaire i.e. teachers are still teaching with powerpoint media and lecture methods because there is no learning medium for practical students. The conclusion of this study is that students and teachers need media for practical activities. Therefore, this research and development was conducted to research and develop the media practice material exterior lights system.
Minat Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Olahraga dalam Mengikuti Pembelajaran E-Learning di Universitas Quality Berastagi
Authors: Sinuraya Janwar Frihasan , Barus Julius Boy Nesra Bagismata
Published: July 2021

Learning that is carried out online or online has not been implemented in various universities including Quality Berastagi University. However, the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, which requires universities to carry out lectures from face-to-face to online using e-learning, has resulted in new habit changes. So it is necessary to do research to the extent that students' interest in participating in the learning. The purpose of this study was to analyze the interest of students in the Sports Education Study Program in participating in e-learning learning at the University of Quality Berastagi. This type of research is descriptive quantitative, the method used is the survey method. The number of samples, namely students of the Sports Education Study Program class of 2019 and class of 2020 who took part in e-learning learning in the odd semester of 2020/2021 were 31 students. Google form is used as a questionnaire tool in the research instrument. Data analysis is used by making in the form of frequency and percentage. The results showed that the students' interest in the Sports Study Program in participating in e-learning was in the medium category (58.06%) as many as 18 students.
Hijrah dan Politik: Fenomena Hijrah Perempuan Muslim Kelas Menengah Kota Semarang dan Pilihan Politik pada Pilpres 2019
Authors: Isnaningtyas Yuliana
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk menjelaskan, menganalisis, dan menguraikan mengenai fenomena hijrah pada perempuan muslim kelas menengah di Kota Semarang dan keterkaitannya dengan pilihan politik mereka pada pilpres tahun 2019. metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif yang berlandaskan filsafat postpositivisme. Data diperoleh melalui pelibatan beragam sumber informasi, yakni wawancara, pengamatan, bahan audiovisual, dokumen dan berbagai laporan yang terkait dengan fenomena hijrah dan politik di kalangan perempuan muslim kelas menegah Kota Semarang. Penelitian ini menunjukan, dalam Pilpres tahun 2019 mayoritas kelompok hijrah perempuan di Kota Semarang memberikan suaranya kepada pasangan calon Prabowo Subianto-Sandiaga Uno. Dalam momentum Itjima Ulama yang digelar dua kali, para ulama merekomendasikan pasangan ini secara resmi melalui pakta integritas. Selain itu, pasangan ini dianggap merepresentasikan umat karena partai pengusung keduanya yang memiliki kedekatan dan keberpihakan pada kaum ulama. Pada akhirnya, fenomena trend hijrah menunjukan dua hal. Pertama, pengaruh  tokoh publik dan gencarnya gerakan hijrah semakin memperkuat identitas mereka sebagai sebuah kelompok. Kedua, secara lebih lanjut kelompok ini memberikan bukti bahwa hijrah tidak hanya perubahan dalam kehidupan beragama dan bersosial tetapi juga memberi sebuah aksi nyata dalam kontestasi politik skala nasional.Kata Kunci: Hijrah, Kelompok hijrah, Perempuan, dan Pilihan Politik
Matching Students’ Dominant Intelligences with their Fields of Specialization: Did Students Select the Right Specialization?
Authors: Saleh Faten
Published: July 2021

Accreditation is a fundamental part in primary healthcare (PHC) systems. The purpose behind this paper is to review the literature and track down the most appropriate PHC accreditation models and norms, around the world, and to set up a complete and fair outline from looking at these models.
Finding that it is less likely to be independent, and more likely to be associated with government for the accreditation programs in developing countries, where they are distinguishable from those of developed countries, the differences between countries and agencies relate to the inclusion of patients/users, managers, patient or advocacy organizations, academic organizations and professional colleges. This review has identified that the most potential comprehensive reference program or model for the development of nation accreditation programs is the JCAHO program.
Groupes ethniques autochtones des hautes terres du Cambodge au début du XXe siècle. Essai de démographie historique.
Authors: Guérin Mathieu
Published: July 2021

Risky as it may seem, a diachronic reconstruction of the demography of ethnic minorities in mainland Southeast Asia can, nevertheless, be achieved through a critical analysis of available data.

For instance, between 1863 and 1954, the French colonial administration conducted various population counts in the northeastern provinces of Cambodia, to which one must add three country-wide censuses in 1903, 1921, and 1926, and one in the then "newly-controlled" Haut-Chhlong area in 1936. Thanks to these and to a recent census conducted in 1998, we can reconstruct the growth of the population of the highlands, and demonstrate that the size of ethnic minorities populations was highly underestimated. This is because many children were not included in the count and, in the remotest villages, adults systematically avoided being counted in order to evade taxes. Contrary to what colonial propaganda leads us to believe, these populations kept growing steadily until the second half of the twentieth century when their growth slowed down dramatically.
Les personnalités politiques, la politique et les mariages au Laos. La légitimité retrouvée.
Authors: Mariani Léo
Published: July 2021

L'objet de cet article est de montrer comment les mariages, et plus spécifiquement les réceptions de mariage, ont été et restent une modalité d'expression ainsi qu'un enjeu pour la politique et les hommes politiques du Laos. La présentation est ainsi organisée en deux séquences : dans la première, les stratégies d'alliance des élites au pouvoir et la politique de l'État communiste vis-à-vis de la manifestation mariage au cours de ces trente dernières années sont envisagées d'un point de vue sociohistorique. Dans la seconde, de dimension plus anthropologique, l'auteur s'attache particulièrement à présenter et problématiser les grandes réceptions de mariage dans le contexte contemporain. La figure d'une élite qui se cherche et qui, dans le même mouvement, est en train de créer les conditions d'une véritable séparation sociale, sera ainsi proposée.
Caractérisation des premières industries de pierre taillée des Philippines.
Authors: Patole-Edoumba Elise
Published: July 2021

The prehistory of the Philippines is still poorly known because it rests on data which are difficult to interpret. One issue is the dating of the first human settlements in the archipelago. Assumptions concerning the presence of Man as early as Pleistocene are based on stone industries (Cabalwanian and Acheulean) discovered from the stratigraphie context. However, according to current data, Homo sapiens sapiens would have reached the archipelago from the South at least 40,000 years ago. Human fossils, together with several lithic industries discovered on the islands of Palawan, Samar and in the north of Luzon, attest to it. Our own typological and technological analysis of these assemblages allows us to establish some chronological landmarks for the first human settlements. While Cabalwanian and Arubo industries remain to be put into a chronological perspective, the Palaeolithic and Preneolithic assemblages of Tabon, Sohoton and Musang caves obviously belong to a technical system that can be found throughout insular Southeast Asia, as well as on some mainland sites that date back 30,000 years. This technical system, called "Type C", displays some adaptations in the Philippines, which can help us redefine the Tabonian assemblage.
Hồ Chí Minh et le culte des Quatre Palais. Contradiction ou continuité d'une relation au pouvoir ?
Authors: Chauvet Claire
Published: July 2021

Le culte des Quatre Palais est un culte de possession des Kinh. Dès après 1954, il fut qualifié de « superstition » et interdit au Viêt-nam du Nord. Depuis une quinzaine d'années, il est de nouveau toléré. Dans les temples, un autel est souvent réservé à Hồ Chí Minh, le père du communisme vietnamien, alors même que les esprits ont pour caractéristique d'être associés au pouvoir impérial. S'appuyant sur des données récentes, cet article traite des multiples tensions entre les pratiques et les représentations des adeptes et le pouvoir politique. Bien que ces derniers soient encore ostracises, leurs discours instaurent une continuité entre l'oncle Hồ et les esprits : tous sont des héros ayant combattu pour l'État. L'analyse se déroulera en trois points : les modalités de l'interdiction du culte, l'introduction et la place de Hồ Chí Minh dans le culte des Quatre Palais, enfin, la relation du culte avec l'ensemble national.
Le Việt Nam vong quốc sử (Histoire de la perte du Viêt-nam) et les mouvements réformistes en Extrême-Orient.
Authors: Dae-Yeong Youn
Published: July 2021

In the early twentieth century, a book entitled Việt Nam vong quốc sử (History of the Loss of Vietnam) allowed reformist Vietnamese, Chinese, and Korean scholars to learn "a lesson" from the loss of Vietnam.

What was the meaning of this work ? How can one explain that Vietnam, China and Korea could share a common reading of contemporary Vietnamese events ? Why were Korean reformist scholars interested in the book ? The genesis and the popularity of the History of the Loss of Vietnam in are linked to personal intellectual networks and, at the same time, are deeply rooted in a reformist scholar culture common to the three countries. In need of a device to convey their reformist ideals, Liang Qichao and Phan Bội Châu, came up with an anticolonial work related to Vietnamese contemporary history that was to have a strong impact on Korean readers and allow them to get acquainted with Vietnamese history and understand its specificity.
L'orgue à bouche lao (khène) : Production et échange d'un bien culturel
Authors: Rousseau Julien
Published: July 2021

The Lao Mouth Organ (khaen) : Production and Trading of a Cultural Artifact.

Julien Rousseau.

This article is an ethnographic study of the making of Lao mouth organs (khaen) through its ritual, economic and technical aspects. Specific technical skills and religious practice allow mouth organ makers to produce music instruments that are considered authentic and meaningful from a social point of view. Mouth organ making cannot be reduced to a mere cultural phenomenon, because the craftsmen who produce these instruments are fully part of the economy of a society that is quickly changing from socialism to capitalism. Nevertheless, we will try to emphasize that, despite attempts at introducing some economic rationale to its production, the Lao mouth organ remains more an identity artifact than a commodity.
Geographies of Intertextuality : Buddhist Literature in Pre-modern Siam
Authors: Skilling Peter
Published: July 2021

Geographies of Intertextuality : Buddhist Literature in Pre-modern Siam.

Peter Skilling.

Far from being marginal or provincial, Southeast Asia— this land "between India and China"— was a cultural crossroads, with intricate links by land and sea with the wider world. In the geographic imagination, Southeast Asia was located in Jambudvīpa, the "Southern Continent" of Buddhist cosmology. The article examines the Buddhist literature of the region, in particular the Pāli and vernacular literature of Siam. It hopes to show that Siam was part of a wider textual and cultural community, which was in constant dialogue with the Indian Ocean region and beyond. It proposes that vibrant cultural exchange was the norm rather than the exception, and that this exchange contributed to the exuberant creativity of Siamese and Tai literature. It suggests that we should look more closely at literary production in order to understand the intellectual and social history of Siam in broader transregional contexts.