bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-omics microsampling for the profiling of lifestyle-associated changes in health
Authors: Shen Xiaotao , Kellogg Ryan , Panyard Daniel J. , Bararpour Nasim , Castillo Kevin Erazo , Lee-McMullen Brittany , Delfarah Alireza , Ubellacker Jessalyn , Ahadi Sara , Rosenberg-Hasson Yael , Ganz Ariel , Contrepois Kévin , Michael Basil , Simms Ian , Wang Chuchu , Hornburg Daniel , Snyder Michael P.
Published: January 2023

Current healthcare practices are reactive and use limited physiological and clinical information, often collected months or years apart. Moreover, the discovery and profiling of blood biomarkers in clinical and research settings are constrained by geographical barriers, the cost and inconvenience of in-clinic venepuncture, low sampling frequency and the low depth of molecular measurements. Here we describe a strategy for the frequent capture and analysis of thousands of metabolites, lipids, cytokines and proteins in 10 μl of blood alongside physiological information from wearable sensors. We show the advantages of such frequent and dense multi-omics microsampling in two applications: the assessment of the reactions to a complex mixture of dietary interventions, to discover individualized inflammatory and metabolic responses; and deep individualized profiling, to reveal large-scale molecular fluctuations as well as thousands of molecular relationships associated with intra-day physiological variations (in heart rate, for example) and with the levels of clinical biomarkers (specifically, glucose and cortisol) and of physical activity. Combining wearables and multi-omics microsampling for frequent and scalable omics may facilitate dynamic health profiling and biomarker discovery.
Aerodynamic characterisation of porous fairings: pressure drop and Laser Doppler Velocimetry measurements
Authors: Méry Fabien , Sebbane Delphine
Published: January 2023

Wind tunnel measurements of pressure drop and steady and unsteady velocity field of a flow through fairing samples are described. 10 samples have been tested in pressure drop among which the velocity fields of 3 samples have been characterized by means of laser Doppler velocimetry. The samples are perforated plates, wiremesh plates or complex 3D geometries resulting from additive manufacturing methods. The Reynolds number of the experiments ranges from 55 000 to 117 000.
Bioclimatic atlas of the terrestrial Arctic
Authors: Rantanen Mika , Kämäräinen Matti , Niittynen Pekka , Phoenix Gareth K. , Lenoir Jonathan , Maclean Ilya , Luoto Miska , Aalto Juha
Published: January 2023

The Arctic is the region on Earth that is warming at the fastest rate. In addition to rising means of temperature-related variables, Arctic ecosystems are affected by increasingly frequent extreme weather events causing disturbance to Arctic ecosystems. Here, we introduce a new dataset of bioclimatic indices relevant for investigating the changes of Arctic terrestrial ecosystems. The dataset, called ARCLIM, consists of several climate and event-type indices for the northern high-latitude land areas > 45°N. The indices are calculated from the hourly ERA5-Land reanalysis data for 1950–2021 in a spatial grid of 0.1 degree (~9 km) resolution. The indices are provided in three subsets: (1) the annual values during 1950–2021; (2) the average conditions for the 1991–2020 climatology; and (3) temporal trends over 1951–2021. The 72-year time series of various climate and event-type indices draws a comprehensive picture of the occurrence and recurrence of extreme weather events and climate variability of the changing Arctic bioclimate.
The molecular evolution of genes previously associated with large sizes reveals possible pathways to cetacean gigantism
Authors: Silva Felipe André , Souza Érica M. S. , Ramos Elisa , Freitas Lucas , Nery Mariana F.
Published: January 2023

Cetaceans are a group of aquatic mammals with the largest body sizes among living animals, including giant representatives such as blue and fin whales. To understand the genetic bases of gigantism in cetaceans, we performed molecular evolutionary analyses on five genes (GHSR, IGF2, IGFBP2, IGFBP7, and EGF) from the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor axis, and four genes (ZFAT, EGF, LCORL, and PLAG1) previously described as related to the size of species evolutionarily close to cetaceans, such as pigs, cows, and sheep. Our dataset comprised 19 species of cetaceans, seven of which are classified as giants because they exceed 10 m in length. Our results revealed signs of positive selection in genes from the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor axis and also in those related to body increase in cetacean-related species. In addition, pseudogenization of the EGF gene was detected in the lineage of toothless cetaceans, Mysticeti. Our results suggest the action of positive selection on gigantism in genes that act both in body augmentation and in mitigating its consequences, such as cancer suppression when involved in processes such as division, migration, and cell development control.
Full genome sequence for the African swine fever virus outbreak in the Dominican Republic in 1980
Authors: Spinard Edward , O’Donnell Vivian , Vuono Elizabeth , Rai Ayushi , Davis Charronne , Ramirez-Medina Elizabeth , Espinoza Nallely , Valladares Alyssa , Borca Manuel V. , Gladue Douglas P.
Published: January 2023

African swine fever is a lethal disease of domestic pigs, geographically expanding as a pandemic, that is affecting countries across Eurasia and severely damaging their swine production industry. After more than 40 years of being absent in the Western hemisphere, in 2020 ASF reappeared in the Dominican Republic and Haiti. The recent outbreak strain in the Dominican Republic has been identified as a genotype II ASFV a derivative of the ASF strain circulating in Asia and Europe. However, to date no full-length genome sequence from either the 1978–1980 Here we report the complete genome sequence of an African swine fever virus (ASFV) (DR-1980) that was previously isolated from blood collected in 1980 from the Dominican Republic at the end of the last outbreak, before culling of all swine on the island of Hispaniola and stored in the Plum Island Animal Disease Center ASFV repository. A contig representing the full-length genome (183,687 base pairs) was de novo assembled into a single contig using both Nanopore and Illumina sequences. DR-1980 was determined to belong to genotype I and, as determined by full genome comparison, a close relative to the sequenced Sardinia viruses that were causing outbreaks at this time.
Video-based formative and summative assessment of surgical tasks using deep learning
Authors: Yanik Erim , Kruger Uwe , Intes Xavier , Rahul Rahul , De Suvranu
Published: January 2023

To ensure satisfactory clinical outcomes, surgical skill assessment must be objective, time-efficient, and preferentially automated—none of which is currently achievable. Video-based assessment (VBA) is being deployed in intraoperative and simulation settings to evaluate technical skill execution. However, VBA is manual, time-intensive, and prone to subjective interpretation and poor inter-rater reliability. Herein, we propose a deep learning (DL) model that can automatically and objectively provide a high-stakes summative assessment of surgical skill execution based on video feeds and low-stakes formative assessment to guide surgical skill acquisition. Formative assessment is generated using heatmaps of visual features that correlate with surgical performance. Hence, the DL model paves the way for the quantitative and reproducible evaluation of surgical tasks from videos with the potential for broad dissemination in surgical training, certification, and credentialing.
Early detection of variants of concern via funnel plots of regional reproduction numbers
Authors: Milanesi Simone , Rosset Francesca , Colaneri Marta , Giordano Giulia , Pesenti Kenneth , Blanchini Franco , Bolzern Paolo , Colaneri Patrizio , Sacchi Paolo , De Nicolao Giuseppe , Bruno Raffaele
Published: January 2023

Early detection of the emergence of a new variant of concern (VoC) is essential to develop strategies that contain epidemic outbreaks. For example, knowing in which region a VoC starts spreading enables prompt actions to circumscribe the geographical area where the new variant can spread, by containing it locally. This paper presents ‘funnel plots’ as a statistical process control method that, unlike tools whose purpose is to identify rises of the reproduction number ($${R}_{t}$$

R
t

), detects when a regional $${R}_{t}$$

R
t

departs from the national average and thus represents an anomaly. The name of the method refers to the funnel-like shape of the scatter plot that the data take on. Control limits with prescribed false alarm rate are derived from the observation that regional $${R}_{t}$$

R
t

's are normally distributed with variance inversely proportional to the number of infectious cases. The method is validated on public COVID-19 data demonstrating its efficacy in the early detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants in India, South Africa, England, and Italy, as well as of a malfunctioning episode of the diagnostic infrastructure in England, during which the Immensa lab in Wolverhampton gave 43,000 incorrect negative tests relative to South West and West Midlands territories.
Evolution of oxidative stress markers in livers of ducks during force-feeding
Authors: Remignon Herve , Burgues Pierre
Published: January 2023

Mule ducks have been force-fed to develop a hepatic steatosis, also called “foie gras”, which is similar to the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) described in humans and mammals. However, in hepatic steatosis resulting from force-feeding of ducks, very little is known about the fine biochemical events that occur due to the enormous and very rapid increase in total lipids that mainly accumulate in hepatocytes. To begin to reduce this lack of knowledge associated with the development of this specific hepatic steatosis, liver samples were taken at different times to follow the overall biochemical transformation of the liver as well as different markers of oxidative stress, hypoxia and apoptosis. The results indicate that the lipid content increases rapidly in the liver throughout the force-feeding period while the protein content decreases. The amount of hydroxyproline remains constant indicating that no liver fibrosis develops during the force-feeding period. On the contrary, all the tested biomarkers of cellular oxidative stress increase rapidly but without any visible disorder in the coordination of paired activities. At the same time, hypoxia-inducible factors also increase indicating that a hypoxia situation is gradually occurring in hepatocytes. This leads, in addition to the lipotoxicity induced by the accumulation of lipids, to an increased number of liver cells to enter into apoptosis. A relative variability in the level of these cellular responses was also observed indicating that, probably, certain animals support the development of this steatosis differently. This leads us to imagine that the physiological status of these birds may differ widely for reasons that remain to be clarified.
Children and adults rely on different heuristics for estimation of durations
Authors: Stojić Sandra , Topić Vanja , Nadasdy Zoltan
Published: January 2023

Time is a uniquely human yet culturally ubiquitous concept acquired over childhood and provides an underlying dimension for episodic memory and estimating durations. Because time, unlike distance, lacks a sensory representation, we hypothesized that subjects at different ages attribute different meanings to it when comparing durations; pre-kindergarten children compare the density of events, while adults use the concept of observer-independent absolute time. We asked groups of pre-kindergarteners, school-age children, and adults to compare the durations of an "eventful" and "uneventful" video, both 1-minute long but durations unknown to subjects. In addition, participants were asked to express the durations of both videos non-verbally with simple hand gestures. Statistical analysis has revealed highly polarized temporal biases in each group, where pre-kindergarteners estimated the duration of the eventful video as "longer." In contrast, the school-age group of children and adults claimed the same about the uneventful video. The tendency to represent temporal durations with a horizontal hand gesture was evident among all three groups, with an increasing prevalence with age. These results support the hypothesis that pre-kindergarten-age children use heuristics to estimate time, and they convert from availability to sampling heuristics between pre-kindergarten and school age.
Evolutionary analysis of resident groups’ intention to participate in green retrofit PPP projects of traditional apartment complexes
Authors: Yang Yaohong , Sun Ruicong , Wang Yonghao , Zhu Mengjuan , Yang Peishu
Published: January 2023

Green retrofit PPP projects of traditional apartment complexes play an important role in promoting the green and low-carbon transformation of the construction industry and achieving China's "double carbon" goals. The integrated retrofit of apartment complexes presupposes that the resident groups agree to the retrofit. Therefore, it is necessary to study the evolutionary mechanism of residents' intention to green retrofit and the transformation process of their behavior, and to explore how to enhance residents' intention to participate. First, the dissemination model of residents' intention to green retrofit is constructed. Then, the strategic interaction among government, social capitals and residents under the PPP model is introduced into the dissemination model to define the state transformation probability of resident groups. Finally, the evolution laws of residents' intention to green retrofit are analyzed. The results show that: (1) the behavior of government regulation and social capitals' effort to retrofit can motivate the number of the resident agreeing to green retrofit to meet the proportional limit, (2) the faster the government chooses the strategy of regulation and the social capitals choose the strategy of effort to retrofit, the faster the number of residents agreeing to green retrofit reaches a steady state, (3) when the level of government publicity and education is too low, the cost of government regulation or the subsidy given to residents is too high, the green retrofit of traditional apartment complexes cannot be achieved. The research conclusions can provide a reference for the government to formulate green retrofit policies.
Semantic wikis as flexible database interfaces for biomedical applications
Authors: Falda Marco , Atzori Manfredo , Corbetta Maurizio
Published: January 2023

Several challenges prevent extracting knowledge from biomedical resources, including data heterogeneity and the difficulty to obtain and collaborate on data and annotations by medical doctors. Therefore, flexibility in their representation and interconnection is required; it is also essential to be able to interact easily with such data. In recent years, semantic tools have been developed: semantic wikis are collections of wiki pages that can be annotated with properties and so combine flexibility and expressiveness, two desirable aspects when modeling databases, especially in the dynamic biomedical domain. However, semantics and collaborative analysis of biomedical data is still an unsolved challenge. The aim of this work is to create a tool for easing the design and the setup of semantic databases and to give the possibility to enrich them with biostatistical applications. As a side effect, this will also make them reproducible, fostering their application by other research groups. A command-line software has been developed for creating all structures required by Semantic MediaWiki. Besides, a way to expose statistical analyses as R Shiny applications in the interface is provided, along with a facility to export Prolog predicates for reasoning with external tools. The developed software allowed to create a set of biomedical databases for the Neuroscience Department of the University of Padova in a more automated way. They can be extended with additional qualitative and statistical analyses of data, including for instance regressions, geographical distribution of diseases, and clustering. The software is released as open source-code and published under the GPL-3 license athttps://github.com/mfalda/tsv2swm.
Association of 24-h urinary sodium excretion with microalbuminuria in a Chinese population
Authors: Xu Chunxiao , Du Xiaofu , Fang Le , Zhong Jieming , Lu Feng
Published: January 2023

To assess the relationship of sodium, potassium and the ratio of sodium to potassium (Na/K) with albuminuria, a cross-sectional study was carried out in China in 2017. Sodium, potassium and albumin excretions were examined in a 24-h (h) urine sample collected from 1486 participants. Microalbuminuria was defined as 24-h urinary albumin excretion between 30 and 300 mg/24 h. The participants had an average age of 46.2 ± 14.1 years old, and 48.9% were men. The proportion of patients with microalbuminuria was 9.0%. As illustrated by the adjusted generalized linear mixed model, sodium concentration increased significantly with the increase in 24-h urinary albumin (β = 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.38–1.93; P = 0.003). Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analyses demonstrated that the odds ratio (OR) of microalbuminuria increased with the quartiles of sodium [OR = 2.20, 95% CI 1.26–3.84 (the maximum quartile vs. the minimum quartile), Pfor trend = 0.006]. Potassium and the Na/K ratio did not have any association with outcome indicators. A high amount of sodium intake was potentially correlated with early renal function impairment.
Influence of reward and location on dogs’ behaviour toward an interactive artificial agent
Authors: Capitain Svenja , Miklósi Ádám , Abdai Judit
Published: January 2023

Animal–robot interaction studies provide outstanding opportunities to understand the principles of social interactions. Here we investigated whether dogs’ behaviour toward a cooperative artificial agent (Unidentified Moving Object (UMO)) is influenced by receiving a reward directly from the agent, and by variability in the UMO’s location. In a problem-solving task, the UMO either helped dogs to obtain food (Direct Reward Group, DRG) or to fetch an object followed by an indirect reward from the owner/experimenter (Indirect Reward Group, IRG). During the Familiarization, the UMO either started from the same location or changed its starting location in all trials. In the Test phase, dogs faced the same task, but additionally a second, unfamiliar UMO was present. We found that both reward groups gazed at the UMO with decreasing latency during the Familiarization, with the IRG showing more gaze alternations between UMO and hiding location. Dogs showed no preference for either UMO in the Test phase but looked at the familiar UMO sooner if it had changed its location during the Familiarization. Thus, direct reward is not necessary to elicit elements of socially competent behavior in dogs, but variability in its motion may be important to improve the UMO’s animacy and promote flexible learning.
A deep learning model incorporating spatial and temporal information successfully detects visual field worsening using a consensus based approach
Authors: Sabharwal Jasdeep , Hou Kaihua , Herbert Patrick , Bradley Chris , Johnson Chris A. , Wall Michael , Ramulu Pradeep Y. , Unberath Mathias , Yohannan Jithin
Published: January 2023

Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness, and its worsening is most often monitored with visual field (VF) testing. Deep learning models (DLM) may help identify VF worsening consistently and reproducibly. In this study, we developed and investigated the performance of a DLM on a large population of glaucoma patients. We included 5099 patients (8705 eyes) seen at one institute from June 1990 to June 2020 that had VF testing as well as clinician assessment of VF worsening. Since there is no gold standard to identify VF worsening, we used a consensus of six commonly used algorithmic methods which include global regressions as well as point-wise change in the VFs. We used the consensus decision as a reference standard to train/test the DLM and evaluate clinician performance. 80%, 10%, and 10% of patients were included in training, validation, and test sets, respectively. Of the 873 eyes in the test set, 309 [60.6%] were from females and the median age was 62.4; (IQR 54.8–68.9). The DLM achieved an AUC of 0.94 (95% CI 0.93–0.99). Even after removing the 6 most recent VFs, providing fewer data points to the model, the DLM successfully identified worsening with an AUC of 0.78 (95% CI 0.72–0.84). Clinician assessment of worsening (based on documentation from the health record at the time of the final VF in each eye) had an AUC of 0.64 (95% CI 0.63–0.66). Both the DLM and clinician performed worse when the initial disease was more severe. This data shows that a DLM trained on a consensus of methods to define worsening successfully identified VF worsening and could help guide clinicians during routine clinical care.
Appetite loss and associated factors at 1 year after intensive care unit elder survivors in a secondary analysis of the SMAP-HoPe study
Authors: Kitayama Mio , Unoki Takeshi , Sasaki Aki , Sakuramoto Hideaki , Uemura Sakura , Tsujimoto Takahiro , Yamaguchi Takako , Shiba Yuko , Hino Mayumi , Kuribara Tomoki , Fukuda Yuko , Nagao Takumi , Shirasaka Masako , Haruna Junpei , Satoi Yosuke , Masuda Yoshiki
Published: January 2023

Appetite loss, a common but serious issue in older patients, is an independent risk factor for sarcopenia, which is associated with high mortality. However, few studies have explored the phenomenon of appetite loss after discharge from the intensive care unit (ICU). Therefore, we aimed to describe the prevalence of appetite loss and relationship between appetite loss and depression in patients living at home 12 months after intensive care. This study involved secondary analysis of data obtained from a published ambidirectional study examining post-intensive care syndrome 12 months after discharge (SMAP-HoPe study) conducted in 12 ICUs in Japan. We included patients aged > 65 years. The Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire and Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale were used for the analysis. Descriptive statistics and a multilevel generalized linear model were used to clarify the relationship between appetite loss and depression. Data from 468 patients were analyzed. The prevalence of appetite loss was 25.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 21.5–29.4). High severity of depression was associated with a high probability of appetite loss (odds ratio, 1.2; 95%CI, 1.14–1.28; p = 0.00). Poor appetite is common 12 months after intensive care and is associated with the severity of depression.
Preservation of dendritic D2 receptor transmission in substantia nigra dopamine neurons with age
Authors: Troyano-Rodriguez Eva , Blankenship Harris E. , Handa Kylie , Branch Sarah Y. , Beckstead Michael J.
Published: January 2023

Substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) dopamine neurons are required for voluntary movement and reward learning, and advanced age is associated with motor and cognitive decline. In the midbrain, D2-type dopamine receptors located at dendrodendritic synapses between dopamine neurons control cell firing through G protein-activated potassium (GIRK) channels. We previously showed that aging disrupts dopamine neuron pacemaker firing in mice, but only in males. Here we show that the amplitude of D2-receptor inhibitory postsynaptic currents (D2-IPSCs) are moderately reduced in aged male mice. Local application of dopamine revealed a reduction in the amplitude of the D2-receptor currents in old males compared to young, pointing to a postsynaptic mechanism. Further experiments indicated that reduced D2 receptor signaling was not due to a general reduction in GIRK channel currents or degeneration of the dendritic arbor. Kinetic analysis showed no differences in D2-IPSC shape in old versus young mice or between sexes. Potentiation of D2-IPSCs by corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) was also not affected by age, indicating preservation of one mechanism of plasticity. These findings have implications for understanding dopamine transmission in aging, and reduced D2 receptor inhibition could contribute to increased susceptibility of males to SNc dopamine neuron degeneration in Parkinson’s disease.
A new model for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus based on rhythm regulations under the framework of psychosomatic medicine: a real-world study
Authors: Min Wenjiao , Sun Xueli , Tang Nie , Zhang Yaoyin , Luo Fang , Zhu Min , Xia Wei , Zhou Bo
Published: January 2023

We aimed to explore a new treatment model for type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) based on rhythm regulation under the framework of psychosomatic medicine. Using psychotropics as rhythm regulators, 178 patients with DM were evaluated and divided into three groups: the antidiabetic treatment group (AT group), psychotropic treatment group (PT group), and combined antidiabetic + psychotropic treatment group (combined group), for a course of 16 weeks. The West China Psychiatry Association (WCPA) Somatic Symptom Classification Scale (SSCS) was used to evaluate each patient. The levels of hormones in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axes and of blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were evaluated both before and after treatment. After the treatment, the blood glucose and HbA1c levels in all three groups were lower than those at baseline. Furthermore, the incidence of the abnormal HPA axis in the PT group was significantly decreased (P = 0.003), while the incidence of the abnormal HPA axis in the combined group was 0.0%. The five factor scores of the SSCS in the PT and combined groups after treatment were both significantly low (P < 0.01). Both the incidence of abnormal neuroendocrine axes and SSCS scores in the AT group showed no significant difference before and after treatment. “Blood glucose control + rhythm regulation” should be considered as optimised treatment goals for DM. Moreover, some psychotropics could be used as biorhythm regulators, which have good potential value for clinical application.

Clinical trial registration number: ChiCTR1800019064. Name of trial registration: Reinterpretation of mechanism and the optimization of treatment for non-infectious chronic diseases under the “stress-dysrhythmia” theory hypothesis. The full trial protocol can be accessed at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (http://www.chictr.org.cn/).
An evaluation of the Index4 tool for chemotherapy toxicity prediction in cancer patients older than 70 years old
Authors: Lewis Alexis , Reed Melissa , Walde Natalie , Voutsadakis Ioannis A.
Published: January 2023

Chemotherapy, although beneficial for improving outcomes in both localized and metastatic cancers, may be associated with significant adverse effects, especially for patients with decreased functional reserves. Prediction of patients who will not tolerate well chemotherapy treatment may help in modifying treatment plans and in reallocating resources to vulnerable patients. One hundred seventeen consecutive cancer patients over the age of 70 scheduled for chemotherapy treatment in a single cancer center were included in the study. Prediction of adverse chemotherapy outcomes were calculated using a prediction tool proposed and validated from the Cancer and Aging Research Group (CARG) and a prediction tool proposed by us, called Index4. The 2 tools were compared for their ability to predict grade 3 and 4 toxicities, Emergency Department (ED) and hospital admissions and chemotherapy discontinuation. The accuracy of both predictive tools was suboptimal. A high CARG score had a sensitivity of 46.3% and a specificity of 82% and an Index4 of 1 or above had a sensitivity of 53.7% and a specificity of 60% in predicting grade 3–4 adverse effects. The performance of the 2 tools in predicting ED and hospital admissions and chemotherapy discontinuation was comparable. An Index4 score of 0 was superior in predicting absence of grade 3–4 toxicities than a low CARG score (p = 0.002, McNemar’s test). The CARG tool for chemotherapy adverse effect prediction in geriatric cancer patients and the Index4 were able to predict adverse outcomes with moderate accuracy. Given its ease of calculation Index4 may be an alternative to CARG tool, suitable for a busy oncology practice.
Sleep deprivation among adolescents in urban and indigenous-rural Mexican communities
Authors: Silva-Caballero Andrea , Ball Helen L. , Kramer Karen L. , Bentley Gillian R.
Published: January 2023

Comparing the nature of adolescent sleep across urban and more isolated, rural settings through an ecological, cross-cultural perspective represents one way to inform sleep nuances and broaden our understanding of human development, wellbeing and evolution. Here we tested the Social Jetlag Hypothesis, according to which contemporary, urban lifestyles and technological advances are associated with sleep insufficiency in adolescents. We documented the adolescent sleep duration (11–16 years old; X̅ = 13.7 ± 1.21; n = 145) in two small agricultural, indigenous and one densely urban context in Mexico to investigate whether adolescents in socio-ecologically distinct locations experience sleep deprivation. Sleep data was assembled with actigraphy, sleep diaries and standardized questionnaires. We employed multilevel models to analyze how distinct biological and socio-cultural factors (i.e., pubertal maturation, chronotype, napping, gender, working/schooling, access to screen-based devices, exposure to light, and social sleep practices) shape adolescent sleep duration. Results suggest that the prevalence of adolescent short sleep quotas is similar in rural, more traditional environments compared to highly urbanized societies, and highlight the influence of social activities on the expression of human sleep. This study challenges current assumptions about natural sleep and how adolescents slept before contemporary technological changes occurred.
A blueprint for integrating scientific approaches and international communities to assess basin-wide ocean ecosystem status
Authors: Roberts J. Murray , Devey Colin W. , Biastoch Arne , Carreiro-Silva Marina , Dohna Tina , Dorschel Boris , Gunn Vikki , Huvenne Veerle A. I. , Johnson David , Jollivet Didier , Kenchington Ellen , Larkin Kate , Matabos Marjolaine , Morato Telmo , Naumann Malik S. , Orejas Covadonga , Perez J. Angel A. , Ragnarsson Stefán Á. , Smit Albertus J. , Sweetman Andrew , Unger Sebastian , Boteler Benjamin , Henry Lea-Anne
Published: January 2023

Ocean ecosystems are at the forefront of the climate and biodiversity crises, yet we lack a unified approach to assess their state and inform sustainable policies. This blueprint is designed around research capabilities and cross-sectoral partnerships. We highlight priorities including integrating basin-scale observation, modelling and genomic approaches to understand Atlantic oceanography and ecosystem connectivity; improving ecosystem mapping; identifying potential tipping points in deep and open ocean ecosystems; understanding compound impacts of multiple stressors including warming, acidification and deoxygenation; enhancing spatial and temporal management and protection. We argue that these goals are best achieved through partnerships with policy-makers and community stakeholders, and promoting research groups from the South Atlantic through investment and engagement. Given the high costs of such research (€800k to €1.7M per expedition and €30–40M for a basin-scale programme), international cooperation and funding are integral to supporting science-led policies to conserve ocean ecosystems that transcend jurisdictional borders.
Subcellular localization and therapeutic efficacy of polymeric micellar nanoparticles encapsulating bedaquiline for tuberculosis treatment in zebrafish
Authors: Bhandari Madhavi , Soria-Carrera Héctor , Wohlmann Jens , Dal Nils-Jørgen Knudsen , de la Fuente Jesús M. , Martín-Rapún Rafael , Griffiths Gareth , Fenaroli Federico
Published: January 2023

Polymeric nanoparticles containing Bedaquiline reduce bacterial burden and improve survival in Mycobacterium marinum infected zebrafish. The nanoparticles accumulate in tuberculosis granulomas and in endothelial cells ending up in late endosomes.
Methanol upgrading coupled with hydrogen product at large current density promoted by strong interfacial interactions
Authors: Hao Yixin , Yu Deshuang , Zhu Shangqian , Kuo Chun-Han , Chang Yu-Ming , Wang Luqi , Chen Han-Yi , Shao Minhua , Peng Shengjie
Published: January 2023

The ultrafast solution combustion synthesis of heterogeneous interface is developed to boost anodic organic upgrading reaction, which exhibits remarkable current density and faradaic efficiency benefiting from the strong electronic interaction.
Silver nanoparticles alter the bacterial assembly and antibiotic resistome in biofilm during colonization
Authors: Bao Shaopan , Xue Lu , Xiang Dongfang , Xian Bo , Tang Wei , Fang Tao
Published: January 2023

Silver nanoparticles show non-negligible impacts on the microbiome and antibiotic resistome in biofilm during colonization.
Cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia) water extract improves diarrhea symptoms by changing the gut environment: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Park Soo-yeon , Kim Yong Dae , Kim Min Seo , Kim Ki-Tae , Kim Ji Yeon
Published: January 2023

Cinnamon water extract was found to slow the colonic transit time of stools and to alter the gut microbiota composition and its metabolites, thereby, alleviating diarrhea symptoms. Metabolic pathways related to gut microbiota were predicted.
MOF/polymer hybrids through in situ free radical polymerization in metal-organic frameworks
Authors: Pander Marzena , Gil-San-Millan Rodrigo , Delgado Pedro , Perona-Bermejo Cristina , Kostrzewa Urszula , Kaczkowski Karol , Kubicki Dominik J. , Navarro Jorge A. R. , Bury Wojciech
Published: January 2023

A simple yet powerful strategy of carrying out free radical polymerization of methacrylate monomers using a MOF-based initiator. The obtained composites maintain high catalytic activity towards a chemical warfare agent (CWA) simulant.
Efficient fabrication of single-wall carbon nanotube nanoreactors by defect-induced cutting
Authors: Zheng Xue , Zhang Zichu , Zhou Gang , Zou Mengke , Zhang Feng , Hou Peng-Xiang , Shi Chao , Cheng Hui-Ming , Wang Mingguang , Liu Chang
Published: January 2023

A defect-induced H2O etching method was proposed to efficiently cut single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) controllably. Short SWCNTs are promising nanoreactors for the efficient synthesis of SWCNT-based derivatives with novel properties.
Cationic vacancy engineering of p-TiO2 for enhanced photocatalytic nitrogen fixation
Authors: Ding Wenming , Li Xiaoman , Su Senda , Liu Zhenyu , Cao Yue , Meng Linghu , Yuan Shengbo , Wei Wenhui , Luo Min
Published: January 2023

A titanium dioxide photocatalyst rich in cationic vacancies has superior properties of photocatalytic nitrogen fixation, which can act as an active site and promote the cleavage of N2 molecules.
Diastereoselective synthesis of tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-d]oxadiazoles from functionalized Δ1-pyrrolines andin situgenerated nitrile oxides
Authors: Ivanova Evgeniya E. , Shabalin Dmitrii A. , Ushakov Igor’ A. , Vashchenko Alexander V. , Schmidt Elena Yu. , Trofimov Boris A.
Published: January 2023

A simple method to access tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-d]oxadiazoles in a diastereoselective manner starting from available pyrrolines andin situgenerated nitrile oxides was developed.
Hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene derivatives carrying dovetailed alkyl and diacetylenic side chains: a synthesis, characterization, and polymerization study
Authors: Ou-Yang Xing , Huang Yi-Cin , Chi Ying-Chi , Egashira Mayumi , Yang Hao-Chun , Chen Hsiu-Hui
Published: January 2023

A new polymerizable 2,8,14-triphenylhexabenzo[bc,ef,hi,kl,no,qr]coronene (HBC) mesogen bearing alternating dovetailed and linear alkyl chains with a diacetylenic unit were successfully synthesized in this study.
Conformational, crystalline and rheological properties of poly(octadecyl-co-methyl acrylate) statistically random copolymers
Authors: Pan Xuejun , Wu Weiling , Zhu Mo , Yang Jixian , Yan Zhi-Chao , Li Lianwei
Published: January 2023

This work reports the conformational, crystalline and rheological properties of poly(octadecyl-stat-methyl acrylate) (P(ODAx-stat-MAy)Nb), where Nb is the degree of polymerization, and x and y are the molar fraction of ODA and MA, respectively.
HFIP-assisted reductive C–S, C–N, and C–X coupling of carbonyl compounds: a combined computational and experimental mechanistic study
Authors: Khan Jabir , Tyagi Aparna , Ghosh Dibyajyoti , Hazra Chinmoy Kumar
Published: January 2023

Owing to the importance of carbon–heteroatom bonds in synthetic organic chemistry and pharmaceuticals, developing reliable and catalyst-free methods for their construction sets a significant goal of high practical value for modern chemistry.
Determination of nine prohibited N-nitrosamines in cosmetic products by vortex-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction prior to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Authors: Schettino Lorenza , Benedé Juan L. , Chisvert Alberto
Published: January 2023

A sensitive analytical method for determining trace levels of nine banned N-nitrosamines in cosmetics is developed. Significant amounts of some of them, even exceeding the limits established by European legislation, were found in some samples.
Efflux pump inhibitor combined with ofloxacin decreases MRSA biofilm formation by regulating the gene expression of NorA and quorum sensing
Authors: Lu Xueer , Wang Guifeng , Xie Yunfeng , Tang Wenjian , Liu Biyong , Zhang Jing
Published: January 2023

Carbonyl cyanide p-nitrophenylhydrazone (2e), an efflux pump inhibitor, displayed alone or synergistic efficacy against MRSA in vitro and in vivo through regulating the gene expression of NorA and QS system.
Electrochemical study of 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole in the absence and presence ofp-benzoquinone: an efficient strategy for the electrosynthesis of new 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives
Authors: Masoumi Hossein , Khazalpour Sadegh , Jamshidi Mahdi
Published: January 2023

An electrochemical study on the redox behavior of 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (AMT) in the absence and presence ofp-benzoquinone (p-BQ) and its application in the electrosynthesis of new 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives.
Impact of aza-substitutions on the preference of helix handedness for β-peptide oligomers: a DFT study
Authors: Park Hae Sook , Kang Young Kee
Published: January 2023

The helix preferences of the heterochiral pentamers of c-ACHC and c-ACPC with alternating backbone configurations by replacing Cβ- or Cα-aza-peptide residues were studied using DFT methods in solution.
Reverse water gas shift reaction over a Cu/ZnO catalyst supported on regenerated spent bleaching earth (RSBE) in a slurry reactor: the effect of the Cu/Zn ratio on the catalytic activity
Authors: Phey Phey Melissa Low , Tuan Abdullah Tuan Amran , Md Ali Umi Fazara , Mohamud Mohamed Yusuf , Ikram Muhammad , Nabgan Walid
Published: January 2023

This project studied the CO2 conversion via RWGS over various Cu/ZnO catalysts supported by regenerated spent bleaching earth (RSBE) prepared by a wet impregnation technique with different Cu : Zn ratios (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0).
High-efficiency catalyst CuSO4/SBA-15 toward butylated hydroxytoluene synthesis in a heterogeneous system
Authors: Wang Yi-Jie , Bao Yu-Fen , Lu Xiao-Jie , Dong Jia-Qi , Liu Ding-Hua
Published: January 2023

An SBA-15 loaded CuSO4 catalyst was designed and prepared for the highly selective production of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (BHT) from p-cresol and isobutylene.
Interface contact and modulated electronic properties by in-plain strains in a graphene–MoS2 heterostructure
Authors: Wang Qian , Song Zhenjun , Tao Junhui , Jin Haiqin , Li Sha , Wang Yuran , Liu Xuejuan , Zhang Lin
Published: January 2023

Biaxial in-plane strain regulates the Schottky barrier at the graphene–MoS2 interface and the open band gap in graphene.
Adsorptive properties and on-demand magnetic response of lignin@Fe3O4 nanoparticles at castor oil–water interfaces
Authors: Hasan Mohammad Jahid , Westphal Emily , Chen Peng , Saini Abhishek , Chu I-Wei , Watzman Sarah J. , Ureña-Benavides Esteban , Vasquez Erick S.
Published: January 2023

Lignin@Fe3O4 nanoparticles adsorb at oil–water interfaces, form Pickering emulsions, induce on-demand magnetic responses to break emulsions, and can sequester oil from water.
Deconvoluting binding sites in amyloid nanofibrils using time-resolved spectroscopy
Authors: Jiang Bo , Umezaki Utana , Augustine Andrea , Jayasinghe-Arachchige Vindi M. , Serafim Leonardo F. , He Zhi Mei Sonia , Wyss Kevin M. , Prabhakar Rajeev , Martí Angel A.
Published: January 2023

Deconvolution of binding equilibrium data measured by time-resolved spectroscopy revealed two binding sites of a ruthenium complex when bound to amyloid-β fibrils: one elongated the lifetime of ruthenium complex and the other did not affect its lifetime.
Free-atom-like d states beyond the dilute limit of single-atom alloys
Authors: Rosen Andrew S. , Vijay Sudarshan , Persson Kristin A.
Published: January 2023

Through the use of high-throughput quantum-mechanical calculations, we uncover a diverse range of metal alloys and intermetallics with “free-atom-like” electronic states and discuss the potential implications for heterogeneous catalyst design.
Retraction: A phosphonic acid appended naphthalene diimide motif for self-assembly into tunable nanostructures through molecular recognition with arginine in water
Authors: Nandre Kamalakar P. , Bhosale Sheshanath V. , Rama Krishna K. V. S. , Gupta Akhil , Bhosale Sidhanath V.
Published: January 2023

Retraction of ‘A phosphonic acid appended naphthalene diimide motif for self-assembly into tunable nanostructures through molecular recognition with arginine in water’ by Kamalakar P. Nandre et al., Chem. Commun., 2013, 49, 5444–5446, https://doi.org/10.1039/C3CC41259H.
Correction: Toxicity of metal–organic framework nanoparticles: from essential analyses to potential applications
Authors: Ettlinger Romy , Lächelt Ulrich , Gref Ruxandra , Horcajada Patricia , Lammers Twan , Serre Christian , Couvreur Patrick , Morris Russell E. , Wuttke Stefan
Published: January 2023

Correction for ‘Toxicity of metal–organic framework nanoparticles: from essential analyses to potential applications’ by Romy Ettlinger et al., Chem. Soc. Rev., 2022, 51, 464–484, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1CS00918D.
The decade of artificial intelligence in chemistry and materials
Authors: Aspuru-Guzik Alán
Published: January 2023

Digital Discovery celebrates its first anniversary.
Dextran/eudragit S-100 based redox sensitive nanoparticles for colorectal cancer therapy
Authors: Gupta Aastha , Dhiman Ankita , Sood Ankur , Bharadwaj Ravi , Silverman Neal , Agrawal Garima
Published: January 2023

Synthesis of disulfide chemistry based redox sensitive DEEU NPs without using any additional chemical crosslinker for colorectal cancer.
Correction: Long cyclic stability of acidic aqueous zinc-ion batteries achieved by atomic layer deposition: the effect of the induced orientation growth of the Zn anode
Authors: Zeng Zhisen , Zeng Yuehong , Sun Lingna , Mi Hongwei , Deng Libo , Zhang Peixin , Ren Xiangzhong , Li Yongliang
Published: January 2023

Correction for ‘Long cyclic stability of acidic aqueous zinc-ion batteries achieved by atomic layer deposition: the effect of the induced orientation growth of the Zn anode’ by Zhisen Zeng et al., Nanoscale, 2021, 13, 12223–12232, https://doi.org/10.1039/d1nr02620h.
Acoustic and Kinematic Methods of Indexing Spatiotemporal Stability in Children With Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Benham Sara , Wisler Alan , Berlin Janna , Wang Jun , Goffman Lisa
Published: January 2023

Purpose:

The spatiotemporal index (STI) is a standard metric for quantifying the stability and patterning of speech movements. The STI has often been applied to individual speech articulators, but an STI derived from the acoustic signal offers a composite and easily obtained measure that incorporates multiple components of the speech production complex. In this work, we examine the relationship between kinematic and acoustic STIs in children with and without developmental language disorder (DLD), with the aim of determining whether the acoustic and kinematic STIs reflect similar degrees of production variability.

Method:

A total of 85 children with DLD and with typical language development (or typically developing [TD] children), aged 4–8 years, were studied. In this methodological article, two experiments were conducted: one deliberately selected because group differences were observed in the kinematic STI (i.e., sentence production) and one in which there were no group differences in the kinematic STI (i.e., nonword production). These two experiments are representative of speech stability studies. The aim was to determine whether the acoustic STI (i.e., amplitude envelope) results aligned with those obtained via the kinematic STI (i.e., lip motion).

Results:

In sentence production, most group differences aligned across kinematic and acoustic STI measures. The acoustic, but not the kinematic, STI showed higher variability in children with DLD compared with the 6-year-old TD group. In nonword production, neither the kinematic STI nor the acoustic STI differentiated children with DLD from TD children. In each experiment, the kinematic and acoustic STIs showed a moderate-to-strong correlation.

Conclusions:

The kinematic and acoustic STIs assess different components of speech movement patterning. However, the relationship between acoustic and kinematic spatiotemporal stability is strong in two tasks of varying linguistic complexity in children with and without DLD. These findings are promising for future experimental work in this area.
Enhancement synthetic aperture imaging algorithm with azimuth missing data
Authors: Jiang Nan , Xin Qin , Zhu Jiahua , Feng Dong , Wang Jian , Huang Xiaotao
Published: January 2023

This letter proposes an improved synthetic aperture imaging algorithm to enhance the imaging performance in the Azimuth Missing Data (AMD) case. The proposed algorithm designs an effective phase compensation function based on the Range Cell Migration Correction (RCMC) echo and first reconstructs the complete RCMC echo from the AMD echo. The accuracy of echo reconstruction is improved, leading to a better imaging result. Numerical simulations and a real measured experiment verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Furthermore, since the range positions of targets can be located after RCMC processing, only non‐zero RCMC signals are reconstructed. Thus, the computational complexity superiority of the proposed algorithm is obvious, especially when the targets are sufficiently sparse in the range direction.