bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Generation of a pregnancy cohort for medicine utilisation and medicine safety studies in New Zealand
Authors: Donald Sarah , Barson David , Horsburgh Simon , Sharples Katrina , Parkin Lianne
Published: November 2018

Purpose

The aim of this study was to use national health databases to assemble a pregnancy cohort for undertaking medicine utilisation and safety studies in New Zealand.

Method

Pregnancies conceived between January 2005 and March 2015 were identified in the National Maternity Collection, the National Minimum Dataset, the Mortality Collection, and the Laboratory Claims Collection. Pregnancy start and end dates were calculated and used in conjunction with the National Health Index number to merge the records from the four collections to create the New Zealand Pregnancy Cohort. Records of live born and stillborn infants identified in the National Maternity Collection and the Mortality Collection that were linkable with a cohort member formed the baby cohort.

Results

The cohort consists of 941 468 pregnancies to 491 272 women. One‐third of the pregnancies, predominantly early pregnancy losses and terminations, were not found in the National Maternity Collection. Records of 632 090 live born or stillborn infants are linked with 623 099 pregnancies.

Conclusions

The New Zealand Pregnancy Cohort is a comprehensive collection of virtually all pregnancies which ended in a live or stillbirth and many, though not all, which ended as early pregnancy losses or terminations in New Zealand over the past decade, and better represents the pregnant population than a cohort generated from the National Maternity Collection alone would do. This cohort will be valuable for investigating patterns of medicine use during pregnancy in New Zealand and developing a fuller understanding of potential impacts of foetal exposure in early pregnancy.
Diagnostic accuracy of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, codes of heart failure in an administrative database
Authors: Bosco‐Lévy Pauline , Duret Stéphanie , Picard François , Dos Santos Pierre , Puymirat Etienne , Gilleron Véronique , Blin Patrick , Chatellier Gilles , Looten Vincent , Moore Nicholas
Published: November 2018

Purpose

Heart failure (HF) is a common, serious, and still poorly known illness, which might benefit from studies in claims databases. However, to provide reliable estimates, HF patients must be adequately identified. This validation study aimed to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD‐10) codes I50.x, heart failure, in the French hospital discharge diagnoses database.

Methods

This study was performed in two university hospitals, comparing recorded discharge diagnoses and electronic health records (EHRs). Patients with discharge ICD‐10 codes 150.x were randomly selected. Their EHRs were reviewed to classify HF diagnosis as definite, potential, or miscoded based on the European Society of Cardiology diagnostic criteria, from which the codes' positive predictive value (PPV) was computed. To estimate sensitivity, patients with an EHR HF diagnosis were identified, and the presence of the I50.x codes was sought for in the hospital discharge database.

Results

Two hundred possible cases of HF were selected from the hospital discharge database, and 229 patients with an HF diagnosis were identified from the EHR. The PPV of I50.x codes was 60.5% (95% CI, 53.7%‐67.3%) for definite HF and 88.0% (95% CI, 83.5%‐92.5%) for definite/potential HF. The sensitivity of I50.x codes was 64.2% (95% CI, 58.0%‐70.4%). PPV results were similar in both hospitals; sensitivity depended on the source of EHR: Departments of cardiology had a higher sensitivity than had nonspecialized wards.

Conclusions

Diagnosis codes I50.x in discharge summary databases accurately identify patients with HF but fail to capture some of them.
Enhancement of flexural strength of glass fiber reinforced polymer laminates using multiwall carbon nanotubes
Authors: Singh K. K. , Chaudhary S. K. , Venugopal R.
Published: November 2018

In this work, advance/multiscale nanocomposite were made by adding different amount (0, 0.5, 1.25, and 2 wt%) of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites by hand lay‐up and vacuum bagging technique. Flexural strength and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of composites were performed on unfilled and MWCNTs‐filled glass fiber/epoxy nanocomposite to identify the effect of adding nanotubes on the mechanical properties. For understanding the structure and morphology of advance nanocomposite, the dispersion states were studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM). Mechanics of fracture behavior in different test were also discussed in details. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:E248–E261, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
Pyroresistivity in conductive polymer composites: a perspective on recent advances and new applications
Authors: Liu Yi , Zhang Han , Porwal Harshit , Busfield James JC , Peijs Ton , Bilotti Emiliano
Published: November 2018

Conductive polymer composites (CPCs) with pyroresistive behaviour are of interest for a wide variety of applications such as safe batteries, resettable fuses, temperature sensors and self‐regulating heating devices. Due to their ease of processing, low density, tunable electrical properties, good oxidation resistance, and good flexibility and toughness, CPCs have become the preferred choice of pyroresistive materials in a number of applications. The pyroresistive behaviour of CPCs can be tuned to satisfy the specific requirements of different applications. In this perspective paper, recent progress in the use of pyroresistive CPCs is reviewed. In particular, various factors influencing their performance are discussed and compared, in connection with the associated application, with a special focus on reproducibility and positive temperature coefficient intensity levels. Some of the remaining challenges are identified, together with future prospects in this evolving field. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Löcher, Ringe und Spiralen
Authors: Henning Thomas , Pohl Adriana
Published: November 2018

Die räumlich aufgelöste Beobachtung von Strukturen im Staub‐ und Gasmaterial der Scheiben junger Sterne stellt einen Meilenstein in der Verknüpfung von Beobachtungen und Theoriemodellen im Bereich der Planetenentstehung dar. Durch Multiwellenlängen‐Beobachtungen können vielfältige Substrukturen enthüllt werden, möglicherweise verursacht durch fortwährende Planeten‐Entstehungsprozesse in der Scheibe. Dennoch bleiben viele Fragen weiterhin ungeklärt, da auch komplexe chemische und physikalische Prozesse in der Scheibe Strukturen wie Lücken und Ringe produzieren können. Die große Anzahl an detektierten Exoplaneten weist darauf hin, dass die Entstehung von Planeten um junge Sterne ein sehr häufiger Prozess ist und die Strukturbildung eng mit den Planeten verbunden ist.
Durchblick mit Holografie
Authors: Hack Erwin , Valzania Lorenzo , Zolliker Peter
Published: November 2018

Bildgebung mit Terahertzstrahlung basiert bislang auf Abscannen eines Objekts mit einem Detektor. Mikrobolometer‐Kameras ermöglichen nun eine Bildgebung wie bei einer normalen Kameratechnik. Das erlaubt auch den Einsatz holografischer Methoden. Bei ausreichend Platz, um einen Referenzstrahl seitlich in die Kamera einzustrahlen, ist herkömmliche digitale Holografie möglich. Ist es dafür zu eng, lässt sich über die Methode der Ptychografie holografische Information gewinnen. Trotz der großen THz‐Wellenlänge reicht die dreidimensionale Ortsauflösung für Anwendungen in der Biomechanik. So lässt sich die Kontaktfläche einer Fingerkuppe mit dem Untergrund genau untersuchen.
Die Qual der Wahl an Weihnachten
Authors: Vollmer Michael , Möllmann Klaus‐Peter
Published: November 2018

Sie sind zwar durch Lichterketten etwas außer Mode gekommen, aber es gibt sie noch, die farbigen Kerzen an Christbäumen. Wenn es nicht auf die Farbe ankommt und man möglichst selten die Kerzen tauschen will stellt sich die Frage, wie lange es dauert, bis eine Kerze abgebrannt ist und wovon diese Zeit abhängt. Die Zeitskalen liegen fast immer im Stundenbereich, weshalb sich Zeitrafferkameras zum Studium eignen.
Nano‐Antennen für die Terahertz‐Elektronik
Authors: Holleitner Alexander , Kienberger Reinhard
Published: November 2018

Mit Hilfe von nur wenige Nanometer großen plasmonischen Metallantennen ist es kürzlich gelungen, ultrakurze, elektrische Pulse auf einem Halbleiter‐Chip zu erzeugen, propagieren zu lassen und die Pulse einige Millimeter weiter wieder kontrolliert auszulesen. Diese Technik ermöglicht die Entwicklung neuer, leistungsstarker Terahertz‐Komponenten direkt auf Halbleiter‐Chips.
Strömungen mit Wind Tunnel simulieren
Authors: Genz Florian , Wilhelm Thomas , Kuhn Jochen
Published: November 2018

Physikalische Größen sind bei aerodynamischen Vorgängen schwer beobachtbar. Die App Wind Tunnel ermöglicht es, Zusammenhänge zu visualisieren und physikalische Größen zu berechnen.
Ein altes Phänomen in neuem Licht
Authors: Schlichting Hans Joachim
Published: November 2018

Neue LED‐Leuchtmittel in Straßenlaternen führen unter dem Blätterdach von Bäumen zu auffälligen Abbildungen auf dem Boden. Ursache ist die geometrische Anordnung der LEDs.
A buckling mechanics approach to elastic modulus determination of glassy polymer films
Authors: Rencheck Mitchell L. , Rodriguez Ricardo , Miller Nolan A. , Davis Chelsea S.
Published: November 2018

Column buckling mechanics were examined as a technique to determine the modulus of glassy polymer films that fail at very low strains in tension. As an alternative modulus measurement technique, free‐standing column buckling (FSCB) mechanics were investigated here. Given the film geometries and the critical buckling load, classical relationships can be used to determine the modulus. Several polymeric materials were tested and compared to uniaxial tensile values to determine the robustness and validity of the technique. Film geometries were varied from 4 to 18 mm in width and from 15 to 60 mm in length. The films were compressed in plane until buckling occurred and the critical buckling load was measured for each geometry. The critical buckling load increased as film width increased and decreased as film length increased, while the thickness was held constant for each material. For polyethylene terephthalate films, the elastic modulus was determined to be 3.06 ± 0.58 GPa. This FSCB‐determined modulus was compared to the elastic modulus obtained by tensile testing (3.54 ± 0.2 GPa). The modulus measurement technique presented here has the potential to be used experimentally to determine the elastic modulus of glassy polymer films that perform poorly in tension. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 15–20
Daily inhaled corticosteroids or montelukast for preschoolers with asthma or recurrent wheezing: A systematic review
Authors: Castro‐Rodriguez Jose A. , Rodriguez‐Martinez Carlos E. , Ducharme Francine M.
Published: November 2018

Background

Most international asthma guidelines recommend that children ≤5 years with asthma or recurrent wheezing be treated with daily low‐ moderate dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) as the preferred controller and leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRA) as alternative therapy. There is no systematic review comparing the efficacy of ICS versus LTRA monotherapy in this age group.

Objective

To compare the efficacy of daily ICS versus LTRA in preschoolers with asthma or recurrent wheezing.

Methods

Randomized, prospective, controlled trials published by December 2017, with a minimum of 3‐month therapy with daily ICS versus LTRA were identified. The co‐primary outcomes were the number of wheezing episodes and daily symptom score. Secondary outcomes included unscheduled emergency visits, need of rescue systemic corticosteroids (SC), hospitalization for exacerbations, lung function, and adverse effects.

Results

Of 29 trials identified, six studies (n = 3204 patients, 62% males, age range: 6‐54 months) met the inclusion criteria; two were at low risk of bias. Five pertained to children with asthma; one to those with recurrent wheezing. No outcomes were similarly reported in the six studies, preventing meta‐analysis. Based on trials at lowest risk of bias and the largest open‐labelled studies, ICS was associated with better control of symptoms and less exacerbations than LTRA. And also less need for rescue SC. Insufficient data of high quality prevented firm conclusions on other secondary outcomes.

Conclusions

In preschoolers with asthma or recurrent wheezing, daily ICS appears more effective than daily LTRA for improving symptom control and decreasing exacerbations, particularly those requiring rescue SC, although the magnitude of benefit remains to be quantified.
MALDI‐imaging analyses of honeybee brains exposed to a neonicotinoid insecticide
Authors: Catae Aline F , da Silva Menegasso Anally R , Pratavieira Marcel , Palma Mario S , Malaspina Osmar , Roat Thaisa C
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND

Toxicological studies evaluating the possible harmful effects of pesticides on bees are important and allow the emergence of protection and pollinator conservation strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of exposure to a sublethal concentration of imidacloprid (LC50/100: 0.014651 ng imidacloprid µL−1 diet) on the distribution of certain proteins identified in the brain of Apis mellifera worker bees using a MALDI‐imaging approach. This technique enables proteomic analysis of tissues in situ by monitoring the spatiotemporal dynamics of the biochemical processes occurring at a specific time in specific brain neuropils. For this purpose, foraging bees were exposed to an 8‐day diet containing a sublethal concentration of imidacloprid corresponding to the LC50/100. Bees were collected on day 8 of exposure, and their brains analyzed using protein density maps.

RESULTS

The results showed that exposure to imidacloprid led to a series of biochemical changes, including alterations in synapse regulation, apoptosis regulation and oxidative stress, which may adversely impair the physiology of these colony bees.

CONCLUSION

Worker bee contact with even tiny amounts of imidacloprid had potent effects leading to the overexpression of a series of proteins related to important cellular processes that were possibly damaged by the insecticide. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Improved Negative‐Capacitance Switch of Ferroelectric Field Effect Transistor Using Defect Passivation Engineering
Authors: Cheng Chun‐Hu , Fan Chia‐Chi , Hsu Hsiao‐Hsuan , Wang Shih‐An , Chang Chun‐Yen
Published: November 2018

A ferroelectric negative‐capacitance (NC) transistor using aluminum‐doped hafnium oxide (HfAlOx) with fluorine passivation is successfully demonstrated. The fluorine‐passivated device shows a nearly hysteresis‐free forward/reverse swing of sub‐30 mV dec−1 for symmetric switch, a wide sub‐60 mV (dec·swing)−1 range over 4 decades of drain current, an ultralow off‐leakage current of 4 fA μm−1, and a high on/off current ratio of >108. The fluorine defect passivation (FP) reduces oxygen vacancies of ferroelectric HfAlOx to mitigate interface depolarization field and thereby reinforce surface potential amplification effect during NC operation.
Multireference perturbation theory with improved virtual orbitals for radicals: More degeneracies, more problems
Authors: Sinha Ray Suvonil , Manna Shovan , Ghosh Anirban , Chaudhuri Rajat K. , Chattopadhyay Sudip
Published: November 2018

IVO‐SSMRPT is an affordable and accurate type of state‐specific multireference perturbation (SSMRPT) theory that adds dynamic correlation energy to improved virtual orbital (IVO) complete active space configuration interaction (CASCI) wave functions using a single‐root parametrization of multi‐root Hilbert‐space ansatz. We applied it to many chemically important di‐ and tri‐radicals to analyze the geometries and electronic properties of spectroscopic interest for both closed‐ and open‐shell singlet‐ and nonsinglet ground as well as excited states. We observed that IVO‐SSMRPT identifies optimized geometries, splitting between multiplets and frequencies for several radicals that are similar to those displayed by current generation state‐of‐the‐art methods but with admiringly decreased computational effort. This study illustrates the importance of having an accurate treatment of both nondynamical and dynamical correlation effects when examining multiradical species. Chemically and spectroscopically relevant answers can be obtained using our computationally tractable method. Our method will be a serviceable avenue for portraying open‐shell interactions in other radicals.
High‐throughput paper spray mass spectrometry via induced voltage
Authors: Zhu Haijing , Huang Guangming
Published: November 2018

Rationale

Paper spray (PS) has been developed as a method of choice for point‐of‐care analysis in many real cases, where its applications can be further expanded with delicate high‐throughput design. To achieve this goal, we developed a new PS regime, with the assembly of an induced high voltage into the ion source. Compared with regular DC high voltage, the newly developed setup is capable of high‐throughput, simple configuration and rapid switching between individual papers without complicated electric/mechanic design.

Methods

A device of high‐throughput induced PS (IPS) was designed by using a two‐dimensional (2D) rotating platform equipped with a circular glass plate. The paper substrate was placed on the circular glass plate and separated from the electrode. The method avoids physical contact between the electrode and the sample. Charged droplets were generated at the paper tip once an induced high voltage was applied to a wet paper.

Results

A relatively rapid analytical speed of 2.6 s per sample was achieved via IPS‐MS. Rapid quantification of amitriptyline (AMT) in complicated matrices was obtained within 1 min using an isotope internal standard method. Limits of detection for AMt in urine, FBS and blood were calculated to be 1.04, 0.84 and 1.33 ng/mL, respectively. In addition, high‐throughput IPS‐MS can be used for chemical reaction monitoring.

Conclusions

We have demonstrated the versatility of high‐throughput IPS‐MS in ambient ionization, which successfully simplified the experimental installation and facilitated the experimental operation. Therefore, we believe that high‐throughput IPS‐MS analysis will be widely used for discovering drugs and screening reactions, and the present design has the potential for applications in paper chip‐MS analysis.
Development of a mass spectrometry based detection method for the mitochondrion‐derived peptide MOTS‐c in plasma samples for doping control purposes
Authors: Knoop Andre , Thomas Andreas , Thevis Mario
Published: November 2018

Rationale

The mitochondrial open reading frame of 12S rRNA type‐c (MOTS‐c) peptide was recently discovered and described to control metabolic homeostasis through AMPK activation along with AICAR accumulation. Consequently, it appears advisable to monitor the potential use of synthetic MOTS‐c in sports, and a detection method suitable for sports drug testing purposes is necessary.

Methods

For the detection of MOTS‐c in doping control plasma samples, a test method employing liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC/MS) was developed. Following optimization, the assay was comprehensively validated and additional parameters such as the (long‐term) stability and in vitro metabolism of the peptide were evaluated. In order to determine endogenous MOTS‐c reference limits, the results generated by LC/MS‐based detection were compared with those obtained with a commercially available enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results

The LC/MS‐based test method was fully validated for quantitative results interpretation according to the World Anti‐Doping Agency's International Standard for Laboratories (WADA's ISL). It was found to be specific and sensitive, enabling a lower limit of detection (LLOD) for hMOTS‐c in plasma at 100 pg/mL. Following optimization, animal MOTS‐c analogues and four metabolites as well as two oxidation products were implemented. However, endogenous levels of a reference population of 20 healthy subjects studied by ELISA experiments (45.9–218.5 ng/mL) could not be confirmed by LC/MS.

Conclusions

A mass spectrometric detection assay for MOTS‐c in human plasma samples was developed and successfully validated according to WADA's ISL, providing an additional tool for future doping control purposes. Besides MOTS‐c, the assay also includes four in vitro derived metabolites and two oxidation products, which might further improve the traceability of the drug. The analytical approach was compared with a commercially available ELISA, and considerable differences in measured MOTS‐c levels were observed.
Oxidative treatments for atenolol removal in water: Elucidation by mass spectrometry and toxicity evaluation of degradation products
Authors: Quaresma Amanda V. , Sousa Bianca A. , Silva Karina T.S. , Silva Silvana Q. , Werle Alceni A. , Afonso Robson J.C.F.
Published: November 2018

Rationale

The presence of pharmaceuticals in water is a worldwide concern due to potential damage to human and environmental health. For example, compounds such as the β‐blocker atenolol (ATE), widely used for the treatment of cardiac disease, are detected in drinking water since conventional water treatment plants are not designed to remove them. Thus, the evaluation of ATE removal at different water oxidative treatment processes, identification of its degradation products and evaluation of their toxicity is necessary.

Methods

Aqueous solutions of ATE (10 mg/L) were submitted to oxidative treatments of chlorination ([NaClO] = 10 mg/L), ozonation ([O3] = 8 mg/L), photocatalysis ([TiO2] = 120 mg/L and UV‐C light) and photolysis (UV‐C light). The removal of ATE and formation of degradation products (DPs) were monitored by mass spectrometry. To assess acute cytotoxicity, DPs were submitted to colorimetric MTT assay using HepG2 cells. The Ecological Structure Activity Relationships (ECOSAR) software was applied to estimate the acute and chronic toxicity of identified DPs at different trophic levels.

Results

Photocatalysis was the treatment that demonstrated greater efficiency, removing 94% of the initial ATE. For the four tested treatments, 12 DPs were confirmed after 30 min. Moreover, some of the identified DPs were unpublished in the literature. Through high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), it was possible to elucidate the structure of the DPs. Solutions of DPs were not considered to be toxic to HepG2 cells. Only the DP with a molecular formula of C13H19NO3 (m/z 238.1438) could be considered detrimental to daphnid and green algae.

Conclusions

Low rates of organic matter removal and high rates of ATE degradation were obtained in the applied treatments after 30 min. Although the treated solutions were not toxic to HepG2 cells, one of the degradation products can be considered an environmental concern since it presents chronic toxicity to daphnid and green algae.
Scale‐Up Process of Core@Shell Monolayer Catalyst without Active Potential Control through Electroless Underpotential Deposition Galvanic Replacement
Authors: Mahesh Ijjada , Sarkar A.
Published: November 2018

Core@shell monolayer catalysts have dual advantages in electrocatalysis, cost of the catalyst is minimized by depositing expensive metal as a monolayer shell and the catalytic activity can be enhanced by selecting an appropriate core metal. In this communication, a novel chemically assisted underpotential deposition process to fabricate core@shell monolayer nanoparticles in bulk scale has been introduced. Ag(shell)@Pd(core)/C nanoparticles have been prepared by this electroless underpotential deposition method. The thickness of the Ag shell has been calculated as one atomic layer from XPS analysis. Core‐shell structure of nanoparticles has been confirmed by STEM characterization. Further, Pt(shell)@Pd(core)/C nanoparticles have been engineered from Ag@Pd/C nanoparticles by Galvanic replacement of Ag by Pt. This Pt@Pd/C electrocatalyst has been tested for formic acid oxidation.
A Novel Magnetic Solid Acid for Specially Cleaving the C‐O Bridged Bond in Dibenzyl Ether
Authors: Guan Yinshuang , Zhao Wei , Zhao Chen , Wang Dingkai , Ao Lei , Liu Kaishuai , Liu Haomiao , Chen Shanglong , Fan Xing , Wei Xianyong
Published: November 2018

A novel magnetic solid acid was prepared by immobilizing trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFMSA) and AlCl3 on a magnetic support (i. e., Fe3O4 coated by SiO2). Dibenzyl ether (DBE) which contains C−O bridged‐bond was used as a coal model compound to evaluate the activity of the catalyst for cleaving Calk‐O bonds in coal. The prepared magnetic solid acid was characterized by X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometer, and NH3‐temperature‐programmed desorption. The results show that the prepared catalyst possesses nanometer size, core‐shell structure and strong acidity. The Calk‐O bond in DBE can be cleaved at a temperature of as low as 413 K over the catalyst AlCl3‐TFMSA/Fe3O4/SiO2. The attack of H+ that generated from the magnetic solid acid and/or via hydrogen heterolysis on oxygen atom of DBE could be a crucial step for DBE hydrocracking over the magnetic solid acid.
Enhanced CO2 Adsorption on Activated Carbon‐Modified HKUST‐1 Composites
Authors: Zeng Ganning , Yu Zaohong , Du Mingming , Ai Ning , Chen Wenxian , Gu Zhengrong , Chen Bing
Published: November 2018

Mesoporous activated carbon (AC)‐modified HKUST‐1 composites with different AC contents were prepared and were used for CO2 adsorption. The structure and physiochemical properties of the composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X‐ray diffractometer(XRD), thermogravimetry(TG) and nitrogen adsorption techniques. The results showed that the surface area and micro pore volume for the HKUST‐1@AC composites increase obviously compared to the HKUST‐1. Especially, the HKUST‐1@AC/2% gave the maximum specific surface area of 1145.71 m2/g and micropore volume of 0.4363 mL/g, resulting in highest CO2 adsorption capacity of 155.7 mg/g, which is almost two times than that of the unmodified HKUST‐1. The content of oxygen‐containing functional groups in AC also play an important role in CO2 adsorption for the HKUST‐1@AC/2% composites, and the optimum content of oxygen‐containing functional groups for the coconut shell AC is about 2.9 mg/g. This might be due to that HKUST‐1 grows along the surface of AC with rich oxygen‐containing functional groups, and a large number of micropores are formed between the two interfaces, therefore increasing CO2 adsorption amount.
Molecular Structure, Spectral, Electronic and Thermodynamic, First‐Order Hyperpolarizability, NBO and Molecular Docking Studies of Novel Acenaphthylene Pyrrolidine Derivative
Authors: Malarkodi Helda , Saminathan Murugavel , Ezhilarasi Rosaline , Murugan Dinesh , Ponnuswamy Alagusundaram
Published: November 2018

The compound 3′‐(1‐benzyl‐5‐methyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazole‐4‐carbonyl)‐1′‐methyl‐4′‐(3‐nitrophenyl)‐2H‐spiro[acenaphthylene‐1,2′‐pyrrolidin]‐2‐one [BTNANP] was synthesized and characterized by (FT‐IR/FT‐Raman), NMR (1H and 13C), UV‐Visible, Fluorescence and XRD studies. The molecular geometry was optimized using density functional theory (DFT/B3LYP) method with 6–311G (d,p) basis set in the ground state and compared with the experimental data. The entire vibrational assignments of wave numbers were made on the basis of potential energy distribution (PED) by VEDA 4 programme. Stability of the molecule arising from hyper conjugative interactions, charge delocalization has been analysed using the Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis. It was also confirmed by the assignments of UV‐Vis spectrum. The fluorescence spectrum confirms that the title compound is a red‐light emitting material. In addition, NLO, MEP, Mulliken atomic charges, thermodynamic properties, HOMO and LUMO energy gap were theoretically predicted. The global chemical reactivity descriptors were calculated for BTNANP and used to predict their relative stability and reactivity. The antimicrobial activity of the compound was also tested against the selected bacterial and fungal pathogens. The molecular docking studies concede that the title compound may exhibit inhibition activity against topoisomerase II and lanosterol 14 α‐demethylase.
An Elastic Interfacial Transistor Enabled by Superhydrophobicity
Authors: Tian Tian , Sharma Chander Shekhar , Ahuja Navanshu , Varga Matija , Selvakumar Raja , Lee Yen‐Ting , Chiu Yu‐Cheng , Shih Chih‐Jen
Published: November 2018

Enabling mechanical responsiveness in field‐effect transistors (FETs) offers new technological opportunity beyond the reach of existing platforms. Here a new force‐sensing concept is proposed by controlling the wettability of a semiconductor surface, referring to the interfacial field‐effect transistors (IFETs). An IFET made by superhydrophobic semiconductor nanowires (NWs) sandwiched between a layer of 2D electron gas (2DEG) and a conductive Cassie–Baxter (CB) sessile droplet is designed. Following the hydrostatic deformation of the CB droplet upon mechanical stress, an extremely small elastic modulus of 820 pascals vertical to the substrate plane, or ≈100 times softer than Ecoflex rubbers, enabling an excellent stress detection limit down to <10 pascals and a stress sensitivity of 36 kPa−1 is proposed. The IFET exhibits an on/off current ratio exceeding 3 × 104, as the carrier density profile at the NW/2DEG interface is modulated by a partially penetrated electrostatic field. This study demonstrates a versatile platform that bridges multiple macroscopic interfacial phenomena with nanoelectronic responses.
Numerical modeling of negative needle‐to‐plane corona in air under various environmental parameters
Authors: Lu Binxian , Feng Qikun , Sun Hongyu
Published: November 2018

In this work, an axisymmetric finite element model and a corona discharge measurement system are used to investigate the negative corona discharge process in air under different environmental conditions. The Trichel pulse train, distribution of electron density and electric field, and the electron generation rate are shown. Pulse frequency, critical electric field, and critical electron generation rate are studied at different values of temperature, relative humidity, and air pressure. The results show that the pulse frequency has a strong relationship with the critical electric field and critical electron generation rate. The pulse frequency increases linearly with the ambient temperature and the relative humidity, while it decreases with the air pressure. This numerical model is helpful in better understanding the mechanisms of negative corona discharge under various environmental parameters. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Intratumoral temozolomide in spontaneous canine gliomas: feasibility of a novel therapy using implanted microcylinders
Authors: Hicks Jill , Platt Simon , Stewart Georgina , Senneca Christine , Holmes Shannon , Kent Marc , Howerth Elizabeth , Kaplan Jared , Kaplan Edward
Published: November 2018

Entotherapy an image‐guided drug‐eluting microcylinder platform, has the potential to bypass the limitations of systemic chemotherapy use in the treatment of canine brain tumours. Gliomas, which are common in dogs and also represent the majority of fatal brain tumours in humans, can be amenable to chemotherapy with temozolomide. Biopolymer microcylinders conjugated with temozolomide and gadolinium were implanted into partially resected tumours of four client‐owned dogs with gliomas. All four dogs presented with generalized seizures and had mild to no neurologic deficits at the time of craniotomy. All dogs underwent craniotomy for implantation of the microcylinders into partially resected gliomas (glioblastoma multiforme {n = 1} or oligodendroglioma {n = 3}). All dogs recovered well from the craniotomy and implantation procedure. This novel procedure appears to be feasible and tolerated in tumour‐bearing dogs. A future controlled clinical study can now aim to evaluate the microcylinder implantation for long‐term efficacy.
First genomic detection of Peaton virus in a calf with hydranencephaly in Israel
Authors: Behar Adi , Leibovich Binyamin (Boris) , Edery Nir , Yanase Tohru , Brenner Jacob
Published: November 2018

Simbu serogroup are arbo‐ viruses which are mainly transmitted by Culicoides. Two members of the Simbu serogroup, Akabane and Shuni viruses, have been isolated from congenitally malformed ruminants in Israel. A recent serosurvey revealed that Israeli ruminants have been exposed to several additional Simbu viruses, including Shamonda and Sathuperi that seems to be circulating in Israel. In April 2017, an apparently healthy one‐month‐old male calf was transferred to the Kimron Veterinary Institute. A few days later, the calf was reported to be slow to respond to its surroundings and was not able to feed on its own. Blindness was observed upon clinical examination. RNA of the small, medium and large segments of Simbu serogroup viruses were amplified and sequenced from the testis tissues and from the Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). During post‐mortem examination, hydranencephaly was defined. Phylogenetic analysis of all three segments of Simbu serogroup viruses showed that the sequences detected in the Israeli calf were virtually identical to Peaton virus (PEAV). PEAV was also detected in two pools of Culicoides imicola trapped at two different locations in Israel. This is the first genomic detection of PEAV outside Australia and Japan. These results are of epidemiological significance, as they demonstrate that PEAV is circulating in Israel and affects cattle. Consequently, these results are also of relevance to a potential spread of Simbu serogroup viruses into Europe.
On Higgs boson plus gluon amplitudes at one loop
Authors: Ellis R. Keith , Seth Satyajit
Published: November 2018

Abstract

We present analytic results for one-loop Higgs boson + n-gluon amplitudes for n ≤ 5 in the full theory including all dependence on the (top) quark mass. In this paper we consider only the case where the gluons all have the same helicity. The amplitudes are expressed in simple formula and display similar structure. Their limiting behaviour in small Higgs momentum and large top mass is studied.
Correction to: Nanomedicines: current status and future perspectives in aspect of drug delivery and pharmacokinetics
Authors: Choi Young Hee , Han Hyo-Kyung
Published: November 2018

The article “Nanomedicines: current status and future perspectives in aspect of drug delivery and pharmacokinetics”, written by Young Hee Choi and Hyo‑Kyung Han, was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal (currently SpringerLink) on 28 November 2017 without open access.
Intramedullary spinal cord metastatic of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A case report
Authors: Yudistira Andhika , Kesuma Wongso
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) with metastasis to the central nervous system (CNS) is considered to be quite rare (3,3%). Metastatic to intramedullary of spinal cord constitutes only 8.5% of all CNS metastases with the most common source is from lung. The pathologic mechanisms is due to hematogeneous spread, meningial carcinomatosis, and direct invasion by malignant neoplasm. A 37 years old woman suffered from pain in back region and weakness in both leg progressively with history of NPC since December 2016. Patient had neurological deterioration (Motor power is 0/5 from L2 level and decreased sensation 1/2 from T11 level). MRI showed intradural intramedullary mass at T9-T10 level. The patient underwent tumor excision followed by posterior spinal instrumentation. The histopathology result showed undifferentiated carcinoma which confirmed as metastatic from the NPC. Clinical improvement were reported, based on SF-36 health survey, with pain relief as the main factor of improvement.

Highlights:
Legal Assistance in the Japanese ODA: The Spark of a New Era
Authors: KUONG Teilee
Published: November 2018

In the 1990s, Japan officially launched its first legal-assistance projects in Asia, becoming the first Asian donor to offer bilateral assistance in the legal field in the post-Cold War profileration of rule-of-law assistance movements. This paper reviews the process of re-shaping the Overseas Development Assistance (ODA) policies in Japan leading up to the adoption of the ODA Charter in 1992 and its subsequent amendments which underlie the changes in importance and relevancy of legal assistance in the overall Japanese foreign-aid policy over the years. The paper also argues that Japan’s rule-of-law assistance projects were initially launched with pragmatic considerations but had to be continuously justified for their sustainability with increasingly sophisticated philosophical foundations and practical responses to respond to the changing trends of international co-operation and national political pressures.
The Adapted Physical Activity Program: A Theory-Driven, Evidence-Based Physical Activity Intervention for People with Brain Impairment
Authors: Clanchy Kelly M. , Tweedy Sean M. , Trost Stewart G.
Published: November 2018

People with brain impairments are less active than the general population and consequently have an increased risk of chronic disease. To increase activity requires interventions that are theory driven and evidence based. Here, we describe the adapted physical activity program (APAP), a physical activity promotion program with demonstrated efficacy in community dwelling adults with brain impairments. Distinguishing features of the APAP include the following: delivery in the participants home/or community environment and the utilisation of the principals of community-based rehabilitation; the assessment of each of the domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) (i.e., health conditions, impairments, activity limitations, participation restrictions and personal and environmental characteristics) to determine how they will impact physical activity adoption and maintenance; the incorporation of theory-based physical activity adoption and maintenance strategies; the utilisation of lifestyle physical activity programs (including client-centred selection of activities) and/or structured exercise programs (requiring principles of exercise prescription). It is anticipated that this program description will permit researchers and/or practitioners to implement the program, replicate its evaluation and/or translate the program into multi-professional rehabilitation settings.
Pointwise multiple averages for sublinear functions
Authors: DONOSO SEBASTIÁN , KOUTSOGIANNIS ANDREAS , SUN WENBO
Published: November 2018

For any measure-preserving system $(X,{\mathcal{B}},\unicode[STIX]{x1D707},T_{1},\ldots ,T_{d})$ with no commutativity assumptions on the transformations $T_{i},$$1\leq i\leq d,$ we study the pointwise convergence of multiple ergodic averages with iterates of different growth coming from a large class of sublinear functions. This class properly contains important subclasses of Hardy field functions of order zero and of Fejér functions, i.e., tempered functions of order zero. We show that the convergence of the single average, via an invariant property, implies the convergence of the multiple one. We also provide examples of sublinear functions which are, in general, bad for convergence on arbitrary systems, but good for uniquely ergodic systems. The case where the fastest function is linear is addressed as well, and we provide, in all the cases, an explicit formula of the limit function.
Culture and mental health in Nepal: an interdisciplinary scoping review
Authors: Chase L. E. , Sapkota R. P. , Crafa D. , Kirmayer L. J.
Published: November 2018

Efforts to address global mental health disparities have given new urgency to longstanding debates on the relevance of cultural variations in the experience and expression of distress for the design and delivery of effective services. This scoping review examines available information on culture and mental health in Nepal, a low-income country with a four-decade history of humanitarian mental health intervention. Structured searches were performed using PsycINFO, Web of Science, Medline, and Proquest Dissertation for relevant book chapters, doctoral theses, and journal articles published up to May 2017. A total of 38 publications met inclusion criteria (nine published since 2015). Publications represented a range of disciplines, including anthropology, sociology, cultural psychiatry, and psychology and explored culture in relation to mental health in four broad areas: (1) cultural determinants of mental illness; (2) beliefs and values that shape illness experience, including symptom experience and expression and help-seeking; (3) cultural knowledge of mental health and healing practices; and (4) culturally informed mental health research and service design. The review identified divergent approaches to understanding and addressing mental health problems. Results can inform the development of mental health systems and services in Nepal as well as international efforts to integrate attention to culture in global mental health.
Electoral Performance by Post-Rebel Parties
Authors: Manning Carrie , Smith Ian
Published: November 2018

This article explores the factors affecting post-rebel party electoral performance. We present new research tracking the participation of these groups in national legislative elections from 1990 to 2016. Our full data set covers 77 parties and 286 elections in 37 countries. It includes parties formed after conflicts of varying length and intensity, with different incompatibilities, in every region of the world, and in countries with disparate political histories. Our analysis suggests that post-rebel parties’ early electoral performance strongly affects future performance, and that competition – crowd-out by older rival parties – and pre-war organizational experience in politics have a significant positive effect, particularly for those parties that are consistently winning more than about 10 per cent of seats. But especially for parties that consistently win very low seat shares, organizational characteristics yield increasingly to environmental factors, most importantly the presence of rival parties and the barriers to representation presented by electoral rules.
Native Hardwood Tree Seedling Establishment Following Invasive Autumn-Olive (Elaeagnus umbellata) Removal on a Reclaimed Coal Mine
Authors: Franke Morgan E. , Zipper Carl , Barney Jacob N.
Published: November 2018

The Appalachian region of the United States is home to the largest temperate deciduous forest in the world, though surface mining has caused significant forest loss. Many former coal mines are now dominated by invasive plants, which often inhibit establishment of desirable species, especially slower-growing native trees. Autumn-olive (Elaeagnus umbellataThunb.) is a nonnative, nitrogen-fixing shrub that was historically planted on former coalfields, but now impedes reclamation. To better understand the influence ofE. umbellatamanagement practices on hardwood establishment, we evaluated two common management practices: cutting and cut stump herbicide treatment. Planted native tree species, including black cherry (Prunus serotinaEhrh.), pin oak (Quercus palustrisMünchh.), and red maple (Acer rubrumL.), were monitored for survival and performance over two growing seasons followingE. umbellataremoval. In each plot, we also measured plant-available nitrate (NO3−) and ammonium (NH4+) in soils using ionic exchange membranes. At the end of the first growing season, native tree survival was high, and the presence or absence ofE. umbellatahad little effect on tree survival or growth, despite the higher plant-available nitrate whereE. umbellatawas present. By the end of the second growing season, native tree survival dropped to 20% to 60% and varied amongE. umbellatatreatments. Survival was highest whenE. umbellatawas cut and treated with herbicide, though tree growth was similar across all treatments withoutE. umbellata. When establishing native trees to replaceE. umbellata, cutting and herbicide application treatment of the invader resulted in the highest overall efficacy (100% control), though the most cost-effective method may be to simply cut mature stands despite regrowth, as this resulted in equivalent native tree growth over 2 yr. While this allowedE. umbellataregeneration, it provided sufficient invader control to allow initial tree establishment. Cutting and herbicide application treatment resulted in lessE. umbellataregeneration and appears to provide greater assurance that established trees will persist over the long term.
Dictators, Democrats and Development in Southeast Asia: Lessons for the Rest
Authors: Kwame Sundaram Jomo
Published: November 2018

Of the ten fastest growing economies since 1960, eight are in East Asia. As Haggard (2018) aptly demonstrates for Northeast Asia, two explanations account for this exceptional regional performance. On the one hand, neo-liberals committed to an Anglo-American night-watchman state (Krueger 1978; Bhagwati 1978; Edwards 1993; World Bank 1993; Pack and Saggi 2006) attribute performance to macroeconomic stability, provision of public goods, and openness to trade and investment. On the other hand, a heterodox group (Johnson 1982; Amsden 1989; Wade 1990/2004; Chang 2002, 1994; Rodrik 1995; Evans 1995; Lin 2009) focuses on market and coordination failures and the need for states to adopt pragmatic, ‘trial and error’ and selective approaches to high-speed growth. In this latter view, the strong developmental states of Northeast Asia used their embedded autonomy viz the private sector to overcome market and coordination failures to usher in rapid growth and technological catch-up.
Late Miocene−early Pliocene rodents and lagomorphs (Mammalia) from the southern part of Çankırı Basin, Turkey
Authors: Sen Sevket , Karadenizli Levent , Antoine Pierre-Olivier , Saraç Gerçek
Published: November 2018

Three localities in the Çankırı Basin—Kale Tepe 1 (KT1), Kale Tepe 2 (KT2), and Mahmutlar—yielded reliably documented rodent and lagomorph assemblages. These are in the Akkaşdağı Formation, which covers large areas in the central and southern parts of this basin in Central Anatolia. The widening of the Kirikkale-Çorum highway produced fresh outcrops that allowed for the discovery of fossiliferous levels in a well-controlled stratigraphy. The assemblages from all three localities are dominated by muroid rodents (Apodemus gorafensisRuiz Bustos et al., 1984;A. gudrunaevan de Weerd, 1976;A. dominansKretzoi, 1959;Micromyssp. indet.;Allocricetussp. indet.;Pseudomerionessp. indet.; Cricetidae gen. indet. sp. indet.;Mimomyssp. indet.) in addition to a glirid (Dryomimuscf.D. eliomyoidesKretzoi, 1959), an eomyid (Keramidomysaff.K. ermannorumDaxner-Höck and Höck, 2009), two ochotonids (Prolagus sorbiniiMasini, 1989;Ochotonomasp. indet.) and one leporid. KT1 and KT2 yielded two large species ofApodemus(A. gorafensis;A. gudrunae) that are typical for the late Miocene/early Pliocene transition in southern Europe, and they are known in Greece and Turkey in localities dated to the latest Miocene, i.e., MN 13 mammalian zone. The occurrence ofA. dominansand a rooted arvicolid similar toMimomys davakosivan de Weerd, 1979 suggests correlation of Mahmutlar to the early Pliocene, or early MN 15 zone. An abundance of muroid rodents in these assemblages indicates woodlands and areas covered by grasses and shrubs, whereas early Pliocene deposits at Mahmutlar provided pollen of abundant herbaceous and shrub elements. Most rodents and lagomorphs from Kale Tepe and Mahmutlar are known in southern European bioprovinces, whereas some elements (PseudomerionesSchaub, 1934;OchotonomaSen, 1998) indicate Asiatic affinities.