bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel and Cost Effective Approach to Simulating Dynamic Stall on Rotating Wind Turbine Blades With a Changing Angle of Attack
Authors:   Institute of Turbomachinery and Fluid Dynamics Leibniz Universität Hannover, Ahrens Jan Dominik , Ziesse Mark ,   Institute of Turbomachinery and Fluid Dynamics Leibniz Universität Hannover, Wein Lars ,   Institute of Turbomachinery and Fluid Dynamics Leibniz Universität Hannover, Seume Joerg R. ,   Institute of Turbomachinery and Fluid Dynamics Leibniz Universität Hannover
Published: January 2025

The flow around wind turbine blades dynamically stalls when the local angle of attack temporarily rises above the angle of static separation. This introduces increased loads, which can lead to the destruction of the blade. The research reported here provides a computational fluid dynamics setup in OpenFOAM that solves the unsteady Reynolds-averaged
NavierStokes equations to investigate dynamic stall on WT blades. The rotating and pitching motion of the blades is implemented via a novel combination of a dynamic and a sliding mesh approach. Simulations are carried out with different mesh resolutions and the results are compared with experimental data. It is shown that the usage of wall functions in the boundary layer is not suitable for investigating dynamic stall. When resolving the boundary layer instead, the results correctly predict the characteristics of a dynamic stall hysteresis with a maximum deviation of 8%. With the help of the developed setup, the computational effort of investigating dynamic stall on a large wind turbine (rated capacity 20 MW) can be reduced by 10% to approx. ≈ 2.8 · 106 CPUh when compared to similar setups in the literature.
A New Model for Graduate Student Pedagogy Training
Authors: O'Callaghan Elizabeth , Sparks Holloway , Evans Michael
Published: January 2025

This paper provides one model of Political Science Graduate Pedagogical Training that incorporates high impact practices, and ongoing formalized mentoring to provide pedagogical training for effective instruction in a political science classroom with a diverse student population. We provide detail on three central elements of this process: 1) pedagogical course work, 2) supervised teaching, and 3) advanced training and job market preparation. We expect that this model can be modified based on the context and conditions (e.g. resources, expertise, placement record) of other departments with graduate programs, and will work as an example for how HIP and other research-backed practices can be used to inform graduate pedagogical course design. Enhancing the teaching skills of political science PhDs will promote a legacy of excellent undergraduate instruction in political science departments across the United States and internationally, while also advancing the career skills of PhDs regardless of their career path choice.
Rare Earth Element Pricing: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Buckhouse Talia
Published: January 2025

As the fight for global dominance between the United States and China continues to ramp up, monopolies over the key resources that underpin technological development and broader manufacturing have become an interest of national security. Interest in both perceptual and real economic dominance that is signaled by possession over rare earth elements or metals (REEs or REMs) is showcased by the rapid increase in reactionary REE development by both the United States and China (Easley, 2023) (Baskaran, 2024). To understand if this geopolitical maneuvering actually impacts markets and eventually consumers, a review of the current literature behind rare earth element pricing is needed.
Prevalencia de la neutropenia en una institución de IV nivel en la ciudad de Barranquilla
Authors: Hernández Lastra Ángel , Osorio Chacón Carlos , Ibañez Torres Harold , Villegas Moreno Germán , Martínez Guerrero Gillian , Arroyo Morrilla Carlos Octavio , Anillo Arrieta Luis , Osorio Bustamante Tatiana , Cantillo Alvarez Juliett , Mieles Torres Rosana , Rosado De La Rosa Camilo , Padilla Navarro Jhonatan , Gonzalez Torres Eliana
Published: January 2025

Introducción: La neutropenia, una disminución del recuento absoluto de neutrófilos circulantes, compromete la respuesta inmunitaria y aumenta la susceptibilidad a infecciones, desde afecciones cutáneas leves hasta complicaciones sistémicas fatales. Este estudio analiza las características clínicas y sociodemográficas, y la prevalencia de neutropenia en pacientes de la Organización Clínica Bonnadona Prevenir entre 2021 y 2022. Métodos: Estudio transversal basado en datos del laboratorio de la Organización Clínica Bonnadona Prevenir. Se incluyeron pacientes con recuento absoluto de neutrófilos < 1,000 células/?L en el periodo 2021-2022. Resultados: Se incluyeron 213 sujetos (edad promedio de 50 ± 19 años), 33.3% hombres y un 66.7% de mujeres. El 70.4% presentó neutropenia moderada y el 29.6% neutropenia severa. La edad, el género, la procedencia y el régimen de afiliación no mostraron asociaciones significativas con el tipo de neutropenia (p > 0.05). El diagnóstico más frecuente fue cáncer de mama (33.3%). Los tratamientos más comunes fueron ciclofosfamida + doxorrubicina seguido de carboplatino + paclitaxel. La hipertensión (HTA) y la hipertensión + diabetes mellitus (DM) fueron las comorbilidades más frecuentes. Conclusión: La neutropenia es una complicación relevante en pacientes con terapias citotóxicas e inmunosupresoras, especialmente en enfermedades hematológicas. Se observó una alta incidencia de neutropenia moderada y severa, mayor en mujeres, posiblemente por la prevalencia del cáncer de mama. Estos hallazgos resaltan la importancia de la vigilancia activa y la necesidad de estrategias de manejo personalizadas para mitigar el riesgo de infecciones graves y mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes.
Estudio de prevalencia de factores de riesgo de cáncer de mama en un hospital de especialidades en Manabí - Ecuador
Authors: Mieles Resabala Rosa M. , Pico P. Mildred Valeria , Marín Pérez Alfredo , Cedillo-Balcázar Jamil
Published: January 2025

Introducción: El cáncer de mama es el cáncer más diagnosticado entre las mujeres en el hemisferio occidental, y representa el cáncer con mayor incidencia en la población femenina de Ecuador. La predisposición a desarrollar cáncer de mama responde a varios factores. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de los factores de riesgo de cáncer de mama en pacientes que acudieron a la cita de mamografía del Hospital Regional Dr. Verdi Cevallos. Métodos: Investigación de tipo observacional, descriptivo y transversal; con una muestra de 143 mujeres que acudieron a la cita de mamografía del Hospital Regional Dr. Verdi Cevallos Balda durante el periodo enero-diciembre del año 2020. Se aplicó, un cuestionario referente a factores de riesgo sobre cáncer de mama de 22 preguntas, elaborado por los especialistas del área. Resultados: Los factores de riesgo más frecuentes en el estudio fueron: antecedentes familiares de padecimiento de cáncer, no lactancia materna, menarquia temprana y terapia de remplazo hormonal. Conclusión: Se observó que los factores de riesgo de cáncer de mama por orden de frecuencia son: antecedentes familiares de padecimiento de cáncer, menarquia temprana, no lactancia materna y terapia de remplazo hormonal.
Meritokratin välsignar ojämlikheten
Authors: Larsson Petter
Published: January 2025

En sommar för över tio år sedan var jag semestervikarie på en tidningsredaktion. Jag hade vid det laget en examen från Journalisthögskolan och ytterligare fyra års universitetsstudier bakom mig. Jag hade varit chefredaktör för två studenttidningar, ledarskribent på en stor morgontidning, politisk redaktör på en veckotidning och arbetat 15 år som frilansande kulturjournalist.
Vid min sida fick jag denna sommar en ung nyrekryterad nepo baby, ett barn till en kompis till chefen. Hens föräldrar var båda framgångsrika i branschen. Själv hade vederbörande så vitt jag visste inga egna journalistiska meriter.
Jag hade visserligen sett liknande förfaranden på andra håll, så jag var inte naiv, men jag gnisslade ändå tänder över denna vederstyggliga korruption som jag kände innebar att redaktörerna pissade på mina egna yrkeskunskaper och mitt hårda arbete. Nu var jag satt att dadda ett kulturbarn som glidit in i gräddfilen. Jag hatade det.
Hen gjorde jobbet mycket bättre och snabbare än den ordinarie redaktören, kunde skriva, var kreativ, rolig och arbetsam och lätt att tycka om. Det gjorde nästan saken värre.
Ulrike Herrman, (2023)
Authors: Söderlund Mats
Published: January 2025

I Kapitalismens slut, myten om grön tillväxt kritiserar den tyska ekonomijournalisten och författaren Ulrike Herrman kapitalismen som ekonomiskt system ur ett nationalekonomiskt perspektiv. Steg för steg går hon igenom dess tillkomst, uppgång och fall. Samtidigt korrigerar hon några av de allvarligaste missförstånden.
Voice EHR: introducing multimodal audio data for health
Authors: Anibal James , Huth Hannah , Li Ming , Hazen Lindsey , Daoud Veronica , Ebedes Dominique , Lam Yen Minh , Nguyen Hang , Hong Phuc Vo , Kleinman Michael , Ost Shelley , Jackson Christopher , Sprabery Laura , Elangovan Cheran , Krishnaiah Balaji , Akst Lee , Lina Ioan , Elyazar Iqbal , Ekawati Lenny , Jansen Stefan , Nduwayezu Richard , Garcia Charisse , Plum Jeffrey , Brenner Jacqueline , Song Miranda , Ricotta Emily , Clifton David , Thwaites C. Louise , Bensoussan Yael , Wood Bradford
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Artificial intelligence (AI) models trained on audio data may have the potential to rapidly perform clinical tasks, enhancing medical decision-making and potentially improving outcomes through early detection. Existing technologies depend on limited datasets collected with expensive recording equipment in high-income countries, which challenges deployment in resource-constrained, high-volume settings where audio data may have a profound impact on health equity.

Methods

This report introduces a novel protocol for audio data collection and a corresponding application that captures health information through guided questions.

Results

To demonstrate the potential of Voice EHR as a biomarker of health, initial experiments on data quality and multiple case studies are presented in this report. Large language models (LLMs) were used to compare transcribed Voice EHR data with data (from the same patients) collected through conventional techniques like multiple choice questions. Information contained in the Voice EHR samples was consistently rated as equally or more relevant to a health evaluation.

Discussion

The HEAR application facilitates the collection of an audio electronic health record (“Voice EHR”) that may contain complex biomarkers of health from conventional voice/respiratory features, speech patterns, and spoken language with semantic meaning and longitudinal context–potentially compensating for the typical limitations of unimodal clinical datasets.
Elucidation of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS based metabolic profiling of endophytic fungi Alternaria alternata BRN05 isolated from seeds of Swietenia macrophylla king
Authors: Kumar Piyush , Kannakazhi Kantari Sai Anand , Biswal Ranendra Pratap , Ghanta Prasanth , Dharanikota Malleswara
Published: January 2025

There is a growing demand for new diabetes drugs with fewer side effects to replace current medications known for their adverse effects. Inhibition of α-glucosidase responsible for postprandial hyperglycemia among diabetes patients is a promising strategy for managing the disease. This study aims to explore and identify novel bioactive metabolites with anti-diabetes potential from Alternaria alternata BRN05, an endophytic fungus isolated from a well-known medicinal plant Swietenia macrophylla King. Ethyl acetate extracts of Alternaria alternata BRN05 grown in full-strength (EFS) and quarter-strength (EQS) media, respectively were evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Based on IC50 values, EQS exhibited significantly greater inhibitory activity (0.01482 ± 1.809 mg/mL) as compared to EFS (1.16 ± 0.173 mg/mL) as well as acarbose control (0.494 ± 0.009 mg/mL). EFS and EQS were subjected to metabolic profiling using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography - Electrospray Ionization - Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS). A total of nineteen metabolites from EFS and twenty from EQS were tentatively identified based on MS/MS fragmentation. Molecular docking analysis revealed that twelve among these exhibited greater binding energies than that of acarbose (-6.6 kcal/mol). Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations of 3’,4’,7-trihydroxyisoflavanone (THF) and alternariol 9-methyl ether (AME) from EQS, exhibiting high binding energies (-7.5 and -7 kcal/mol, respectively), were performed to investigate their interactions with human intestinal α-glucosidase. Results suggest THF possesses strong inhibitory potential, making it a promising candidate for diabetes management.
Bioactive sorbicillinoid derivatives from an endophytic fungus Trichoderma citrinoviride
Authors: Xia Yan-Ping , Xie Yan , Rao Li , Yin Guo-Ping
Published: January 2025

Three new sorbicillinoid derivatives, citrinsorbicillinol A-C (1–3), along with three known compounds, such as trichosorbicillin G (4), dibutyl phthalate (5), and 3-(4-methoxyphenyl) propanoic acid (6), were isolated from the endophyte Trichoderma citrinoviride of Coptis chinensis. Their structures were elucidated through extensive analyses of spectroscopic data, computer-assisted structure elucidation (ACD/Structure Elucidator), density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD). Biologically, compounds 1–4 exhibited potential antioxidant activity, as assessed using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, with IC50 values ranging from 27.8 to 89.6 μM. In particular, compounds 2 and 3 demonstrated radical scavenging activity comparable to that of the positive control, ascorbic acid, with IC50 values of 27.8 and 31.2 μM, respectively. Moreover, compound 1 exhibited potential anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages, with an IC50 value of 52.7 μM. These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of the new sorbicillinoid derivatives for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory applications.
Geographic variation in abundance and diversity of Acinetobacter baumannii Vieuvirus bacteriophages
Authors: Arellano-Maciel Dafne , Hurtado-Ramírez Juan Manuel , Camelo-Valera Laura Carolina , Castillo-Ramírez Santiago , Reyes Alejandro , López-Leal Gamaliel
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Prophages play a crucial role in the genomic diversity of Acinetobacter baumannii, contributing to its pathogenicity and adaptation.

Methods

In this study, we induced and sequenced seven prophages from five isolates of A. baumannii. These were analyzed with 967 prophages identified from various isolates worldwide, plus 21 genomes of other phages infecting A. baumannii previously reported in NCBI. To have an overview of the populations of the prophages infecting A. baumannii.

Results

Our analysis revealed 13 major prophage clusters within the analyzed A. baumannii isolates. Notably, prophages belonging to the Vieuvirus genus were the most prevalent. Specifically, Vieuvirus-related phages were frequently identified in isolates from Thailand, Mexico, China, and South Korea, which show the geographic prevalence of A. baumannii prophages.

Discussion

This study highlights the importance of considering geographic factors to fully understand prophage diversity and their significant role in the evolutionary dynamics of A. baumannii.
A bibliometric analysis of the top 100 most cited articles on corticospinal tract regeneration from 2004 to 2024
Authors: Saijilafu  , Ye Ling-Chen , Li Huanyi , Li Haokun , Lin Xinyi , Hu Kehui , Huang Zekai , Chimedtseren Chimedragchaa , Fang Linjun , Saijilahu  , Xu Ren-Jie
Published: January 2025

Objective

Here, bibliometric and visual analytical techniques were employed to assess the key features of the 100 most cited publications concerning corticospinal tract (CST) regeneration.

Methods

Research was conducted within the Web of Science Core Collection to pinpoint the 100 most cited publications on CST regeneration. From these, comprehensive data encompassing titles, authorship, key terms, publication venues, release timelines, geographic origins, and institutional affiliations were extracted, followed by an in-depth bibliometric examination.

Results

The 100 most cited publications were all published between 2004 and 2024. These seminal papers amassed an aggregate of 18,321 citations, with individual citation counts ranging from 83 to 871 and a median of 136 citations per paper. Schwab M. E., stood out as the most prominent contributor, with significant authorship in 9 of the 100 papers. The United States dominated the geographical distribution, accounting for 49 of the articles. With 17 publications, the University of California System led the institutional rankings. A thorough keyword analysis revealed pivotal themes in the field, encompassing the optic nerve, gene expression, CST integrity and regeneration, diffusion tensor imaging, myelin-associated glycoproteins, inhibitors of neurite outgrowth, and methods of electrical and intracortical microstimulation.

Conclusion

This investigation provides a bibliometric analysis of CST regeneration, underscoring the significant contribution of the United States to this field. Our findings unveiled the dynamics and trends within the field of CST regeneration, providing a scientific foundation for advancing clinical applications. Building on this analysis, the clinical application of CST regeneration should be optimized through interdisciplinary collaboration, enabling the exploration and validation of a variety of therapeutic approaches, including the use of neurotrophic factors, stem cell therapies, biomaterials, and electrical stimulation. Concurrently, additional clinical trials are necessary to test the safety and efficacy of these therapeutic methods and develop assessment tools for monitoring the recovery of patients. Furthermore, rehabilitation strategies should be refined, and professional education and training should be provided to enhance the understanding of CST regeneration treatments among both medical professionals and patients. The implementation of these strategies promises to enhance therapeutic outcomes and the quality of life of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI).
3D-QSAR, design, molecular docking and dynamics simulation studies of novel 6-hydroxybenzothiazole-2-carboxamides as potentially potent and selective monoamine oxidase B inhibitors
Authors: Xie Dong , Tian Yongzheng , Cao Li , Guo Penghang , Cai Zhibiao , Zhou Jie
Published: January 2025

Background

6-hydroxybenzothiazole-2-carboxamide is a novel, potent and specific inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B), which can be used to study the molecular structure and develop new neuroprotective strategies.

Objective

The aim of this study was to create an effective predictive model from 6-hydroxybenzothiazole-2-carboxamide derivatives to provide a reliable predictive basis for the development of neuroprotective MAO-B inhibitors for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

Methods

First, the compounds were constructed and optimized using ChemDraw and Sybyl-X software. Subsequently, QSAR modeling was performed using the COMSIA method in Sybyl-X to predict the IC50 values of a set of novel 6-hydroxybenzothiazole-2-carboxamide derivatives. The ten most promising compounds were screened based on the IC50 values and tested for molecular docking. Finally, the binding stability and dynamic behavior of these compounds with MAO-B receptors were analyzed by molecular dynamics simulation (MD).

Results

The 3D-QSAR model showed good predictive ability, with a q2 value of 0.569, r2 value of 0.915, SEE of 0.109 and F value of 52.714 for the COMSIA model. Based on the model, we designed a series of novel 6-HBC derivatives and predicted their IC50 values by the QSAR model. Among them, compound 31.j3 exhibited the highest predicted IC50 value and obtained the highest score in the molecular docking test. MD simulation results showed that compound 31.j3 was stable in binding to the MAO-B receptor, and the RMSD values fluctuated between 1.0 and 2.0 Å, indicating its conformational stability. In addition, energy decomposition analysis revealed the contribution of key amino acid residues to the binding energy, especially Van der Waals interactions and electrostatic interactions play an important role in stabilizing the complex.

Conclusion

In this study, the potential of 6-hydroxybenzothiazole-2-carboxamide derivatives as MAO-B inhibitors was systematically investigated by 3D-QSAR, molecular docking and MD simulations. The successfully designed compound 31.j3 not only demonstrated efficient inhibitory activity, but also verified its stable binding to MAO-B receptor by MD simulation, which provides strong support for the development of novel therapeutic drugs for neurodegenerative diseases. These findings provide important theoretical basis and practical guidance for future drug design and experimental validation.
The temporal change of heat exposure and adaptation capacity in Chinese adults from 1994 to 2023
Authors: Ji Xiaohui , Tan Haomin , Huang Shaoli , Huang Zhongguo , Hu Jianxiong , He Guanhao , Jing Fengrui , Lin Ziqiang , Guo Mengen , Liu Tao , Ma Wenjun
Published: January 2025

Background

Studies have found decreased heat effect and increased minimum mortality temperature (MMT) during the past decades. However, it is unclear whether heat exposure or temperature adaptation play an important role in this change.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study. Data were collected from 3,094 respondents aged 31–64 years old based on online questionnaire. The Cochran-Armitage test for trend and Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel (CMH) test were used for the difference between three decades. The Chi square test was employed to compare the difference between different demographic subgroups during 2014–2023. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors of air conditioner ownership.

Results

Most respondents (94.6%) thought ambient temperature had been increasing, and 57.0% people thought climate change impacted their health. Long duration outdoors work (≥4 h) decreased from 36.01, 30.93 to 24.53% (Z = −9.80, p < 0.01) and bicycling/walking decreased from 62.3, 27.9, to 9.7% (CMH value = 156.40, p < 0.01) significantly during the last three decades. Temperature adaptation capacity increased with air conditioner ownership rates increasing from 25.40, 57.63 to 81.51% at home (Z = −44.35, p < 0.01) and from 22.24, 57.47 to 80.51% in the office/school (Z = −45.95, p < 0.01), and the older adult, women, people with low income, outdoor work, low education, and people from northern China had lower air conditioner ownership rates. The frequency of air conditioner usage when felt hot also escalated significantly both at home (from 42.6%, 54.9, to 63.4%, CMH value = 156.40, p < 0.0001) and in the office/school (from 61.8, 63.1 to 72.7%, CMH value = 65.29, p < 0.0001) during the same periods.

Conclusion

Our study found that most people perceived climate change and changed behaviors to adapt to heat. Heat exposure significantly decreased and temperature adaptation capacity significantly increased during the last decades. The findings implied that heat-related health risk and burden driven by global warming may not increase in the future.
Case Report: Severe acute pancreatitis accompanied by gastric mucosal exfoliation hemorrhage: clinical alerts and novel insights
Authors: Liu Yanquan , Zhang Hehui , Zeng Minjuan , Luo Jian , Lai Yun , Huang He , Xu Qinglin , Liu Yuan
Published: January 2025

Acute pancreatitis (AP), a condition marked by its swift progression, substantial individual discrepancies, and profound concealment, poses a formidable challenge. Within its severe form, known as severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), the disease assumes an even more prevalent status, often entwined with dire complications such as pancreatic abscess, circulatory shock, and the direst of all, multiple organ failure. Regrettably, the conjunction of SAP with gastric mucosal exfoliation culminating in massive hemorrhage remains an exceptionally rare phenomenon within the clinical realm. This study delves into a retrospective analysis of a singular, yet remarkable clinical case, where SAP's therapeutic odyssey unexpectedly led to gastric mucosa stripping and catastrophic gastrointestinal bleeding. This paper endeavors to unravel the diagnostic intricacies, explore the treatment modalities, and prognosticate the outcome, all with the ultimate aim of fostering a heightened clinical vigilance and fostering a novel, nuanced understanding of SAP's exceptional complications within the intensive care arena. Furthermore, this study aspires to serve as a beacon of reference, illuminating the path for clinical practitioners confronted with such elusive yet critical scenarios.
Quaternion-Based Robust Sliding-Mode Controller for Quadrotor Operation Under Wind Disturbance
Authors: Bae Jung-Ju , Kang Jae-Young
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a quaternion-based robust sliding-mode controller for quadrotors operating under significant wind disturbances. The proposed control method improves the reliability and efficiency of quadrotor control by eliminating the singularity problem inherent in the Euler angle method. The quadrotor dynamics and wind environment are modeled, and dynamic analysis is performed via numerical simulation. A realistic wind model is used, similar to a combination of deterministic and statistical models. The Lyapunov stability theory is utilized to prove the convergence and stability of the proposed control system. The simulation results demonstrate that the quaternion-based controller enables the quadrotor to follow the desired path and remain stable, even under external wind disturbances. Specifically, both position and attitude converge to the desired values within 10 s, demonstrating stable performance despite the challenging wind disturbances in both scenarios. Scenario 1 features turbulence with an average wind speed of 12 m/s and changing wind directions, while Scenario 2 models an environment with wind speeds that change abruptly and discretely over time, coupled with temporal variations in wind direction. Additionally, a comparative analysis with the conventional PD controller highlights the superior performance of the proposed RSMC controller in terms of trajectory tracking, stability, and energy efficiency. The rotor speeds remain within a reasonable and hardware-feasible range, ensuring practical applicability.
Quality of Surface and Groundwater in the Sierra de Amula Region, Jalisco, Mexico
Authors: Mancilla-Villa Oscar Raúl , Villafaña-Castillo Fabiola , Can-Chulim Álvaro , Guevara-Gutiérrez Rubén Darío , Olguín-López José Luis , Cruz-Crespo Elia , Luna-Fletes Jonas Alan , Avelar-Roblero Juan Uriel
Published: January 2025

Water is a valuable natural resource, indispensable in the productive, economic, and social development of human beings, agriculture, and domestic and industrial uses throughout the world. Two samplings were established to evaluate the quality of surface and underground water for agricultural irrigation in the Sierra de Amula Region, Jalisco, Mexico. The first was performed during the dry season from November 2021 to April 2022, and the second was performed during the rainy season from July to September 2022 through completely random probabilistic sampling and a longitudinal descriptive study. In total, 25 surface water and 30 groundwater samples were taken. Each sample was evaluated for its pH, electrical conductivity, and ionic concentration (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, CO32−, HCO3−, CI−, SO42−). For data analysis, we determined the ionic concentrations and the salinity and sodicity indexes, including the electrical conductivity, pH, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and cationic ratio of soil structural stability (CROSS). The results indicate that the ionic concentration is mainly due to calcium bicarbonate, probably due to the geology of the region through water–rock interactions, and the pH is between 6.64 and 7.77; with respect to EC, most of the sampled sites are concentrated in medium-salinity waters of 250–750 µS cm−1. The sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) showed that the waters have high ionic concentrations of calcium and magnesium and low sodium. The CROSS values were lower than the SAR values, showing that the concentration of potassium ions K+ is low in the evaluated waters. With respect to salinity and sodicity, the water quality of the sampled sites, both surface and groundwater, can be considered good for agricultural use. Given that it was sampled in two seasons, the concentration of ions varies in the rainy season, with the dragging of materials causing the ions to concentrate to a greater extent. This type of research benefits farmers in reducing production costs, having knowledge of water quality, and decision making. We recommend that the alkaline pH of the surface or groundwater be conditioned according to the requirements of the crop to be grown and the irrigation method to be used.
Advancing Loquat Total Soluble Solids Content Determination by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Explainable AI
Authors: Luo Yizhi , Jin Qingting , Lu Huazhong , Li Peng , Qiu Guangjun , Qi Haijun , Li Bin , Zhou Xingxing
Published: January 2025

TSSC is one of the most important factors affecting loquat flavor, consumer satisfaction, and market competitiveness. To improve the ability to assess the TSSC of loquats, a method leveraging near-infrared spectroscopy and explainable artificial intelligence was proposed. The 900–1700 nm near-infrared spectroscopy of 156 fresh loquat samples was collected and preprocessed using seven preprocessing techniques, significant wavelength extraction utilizing six feature methods to eliminate data redundancy. Linear and nonlinear models were employed to establish the relationship between the feature spectrum and TSSC, with a focus on comparing and analyzing prediction performance. The findings reveal that the combination of 26 spectral bands selected by SPA and the PLSR model yielded the best prediction outcomes (R = 0.9031, RMSEP = 0.6171, RPD = 2.2803). The contribution of key wavelengths can be obtained by SHAP, which explains differences in model prediction accuracy and provides a reference for the application of loquat TSSC determination.
Nitrogen and Water Additions Affect N2O Dynamics in Temperate Steppe by Regulating Soil Matrix and Microbial Abundance
Authors: Ren Siyu , Liu Yinghui , He Pei , Zhao Yihe , Wang Chang
Published: January 2025

Elucidating the effects of nitrogen and water addition on N2O dynamics is critical, as N2O is a key driver of climate change (including nitrogen deposition and shifting precipitation patterns) and stratospheric ozone depletion. The temperate steppe is a notable natural source of this potent greenhouse gas. This study uses field observations and soil sampling to investigate the seasonal pattern of N2O emissions in the temperate steppe of Inner Mongolia and the mechanism by which nitrogen and water additions, as two different types of factors, alter this seasonal pattern. It explores the regulatory roles of environmental factors, soil physicochemical properties, microbial community structure, and abundance of functional genes in influencing N2O emissions. These results indicate that the effects of nitrogen and water addition on N2O emission mechanisms vary throughout the growing season. Nitrogen application consistently increase N2O emissions. In contrast, water addition suppresses N2O emissions during the early growing season but promotes emissions during the peak and late growing seasons. In the early growing season, nitrogen addition primarily increased the dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) levels, which provided a matrix for nitrification and promoted N2O emissions. Meanwhile, water addition increased soil moisture, enhancing the abundance of the nosZ (nitrous oxide reductase) gene while reducing nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N) levels, as well as AOA (ammonia-oxidizing archaea) amoA and AOB (ammonia-oxidizing bacteria) amoA gene expression, thereby lowering N2O emissions. During the peak growing season, nitrogen’s role in adjusting pH and ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), along with amplifying AOB amoA, spiked N2O emissions. Water addition affects the balance between nitrification and denitrification by altering aerobic and anaerobic soil conditions, ultimately increasing N2O emissions by inhibiting nosZ. As the growing season waned and precipitation decreased, temperature also became a driver of N2O emissions. Structural equation modeling reveals that the impacts of nitrogen and water on N2O flux variations through nitrification and denitrification are more significant during the peak growing season. This research uncovers innovative insights into how nitrogen and water additions differently impact N2O dynamics across various stages of the growing season in the temperate steppe, providing a scientific basis for predicting and managing N2O emissions within these ecosystems.
N-Acetyl-β-D-Glucosaminidase Analysis in Sheep Milk Can Detect Early Intramammary Infection with High Yields If Incorporated into Mathematical Algorithms
Authors: Miralles Yolanda , Fornés Victoria , Roca Amparo , Muelas Raquel , Díaz José Ramón , Romero Gema
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of intramammary infection (IMI) on N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAGase) enzyme values and to study its predictive capacity using different algorithms. To do this, 26 sheep free of intramammary infection were selected, and their somatic cell count (SCC), NAGase and bacteriological culture were monitored for 2 weeks. They were then subjected to a series of unhealthy situations (UHS) for the mammary gland, and these variables were monitored for a further 4 weeks. IMI was established in 12 of the 26 sheep. In the 4 days following infection, a very marked increase in enzyme values was observed in the infected glands. The algorithm that obtained the best result was the one that detected, in at least two of the first four days after infection, an increase in NAGase values greater than 30% compared to the average of the 3 days prior to infection, obtaining an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.90, an accuracy of 89.8%, a sensitivity of 95.2% and a specificity of 85.7%.
Corticosteroid-Induced Sinus Bradycardia in a Dog with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Report
Authors: Tsou Fang-Chi , Lim Eng-Wen , Jann Pin-Guang , Liu Pin-Chen
Published: January 2025

A 3-year-old, 10.2 kg, spayed, female mixed-breed dog was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus. The patient was administered intravenous methylprednisolone at a dose of 2 mg/kg twice daily. Over the next 24 h, the dog’s heart rate dropped to 42–48 bpm, while other vital signs remained stable. A 12-lead electrocardiogram revealed sinus bradycardia without any other arrhythmia. Notably, the dog was not receiving any beta-blockers or undergoing other therapies commonly associated with sinus bradycardia. After tapering the corticosteroid dose, no further episodes of bradycardia were observed. Herein, we report the first case of sinus bradycardia in a dog following intravenous methylprednisolone therapy to improve veterinarians’ understanding of corticosteroid-induced cardiac arrhythmias.
Isorhamnetin Ameliorates Non-Esterified Fatty Acid-Induced Apoptosis, Lipid Accumulation, and Oxidative Stress in Bovine Endometrial Epithelial Cells via Inhibiting the MAPK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Lv Haimiao , Liu Lijuan , Zou Wenna , Yang Ying , Li Yuan , Yang Shengji , Liang Aixin , Yang Liguo
Published: January 2025

High concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in the blood contribute to various metabolic disorders and are linked to endometritis in dairy cows. Isorhamnetin (ISO), a flavonoid found in many plants, is known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity properties. This study systematically assessed NEFA-induced damage in bovine endometrial epithelial cells (bEECs) and investigated whether ISO alleviates NEFA-induced cell damage and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Our observations revealed that excessive NEFA inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in bEECs, accompanied by an increase in the expression of BAX and cleaved caspase-3. We further observed that NEFA could induce lipid accumulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and the release of pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in bEECs. RNA sequencing and Western blot analysis revealed that NEFA induced damage in bEECs by activating MAPK signaling pathway. Notably, ISO treatment ameliorated these effects induced by NEFA, as evidenced by decreased protein levels of BAX, cleaved caspase-3, and PPAR-γ, along with reductions in triglyceride content, ROS generation, and levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Mechanistically, our experimental results demonstrated that ISO inhibited NEFA-induced activation of MAPK signaling. Overall, ISO shows promise for therapeutic development to address NEFA-related endometritis in dairy cows.
Naringin vs. Citrus x paradisi L. Peel Extract: An In Vivo Journey into Oxidative Stress Modulation
Authors: Stabrauskiene Jolita , Sadauskiene Ilona , Liekis Arunas , Mikniene Zoja , Bernatoniene Jurga
Published: January 2025

Citrus fruits, mainly grapefruit (Citrus x paradisi L.), are rich in bioactive compounds with potential antioxidant properties. This study investigated the antioxidant effects of naringin (NR) and ethanolic Citrus x paradisi L. peel (E) in reducing aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced oxidative stress in mice. Quantitative analysis using HPLC identified optimal extraction conditions, combination ultrasound and reflux extraction (UH50), resulting in high concentrations of naringin (49.13 mg/g) and naringenin (63.99 µg/g). Mice were treated with NR and E to evaluate their effects on key markers of oxidative stress: reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and catalase (CAT). The E effectively reduced MDA levels in blood, brain, and liver tissues, with a more substantial effect on controlling lipid peroxidation. In contrast, NR was more effective in restoring GSH levels and CAT activity, suggesting a broader enhancement of antioxidant defense. These findings provide information about specific mechanisms of NR and E and their therapeutic potential in managing oxidative stress and developing products with synergistic efficacy.
Decentralized Public Transport Management System Based on Blockchain Technology
Authors: Trofimov Stanislav , Voskov Leonid , Komarov Mikhail
Published: January 2025

The development of intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) is penetrating many economies around the globe. This paper presents three key innovations in the field of intelligent transportation systems, as follows: (1) a novel tokenization approach where each vehicle is represented as a macro-token subdivided into 500,000 micro-tokens for precise condition monitoring, (2) a comprehensive mathematical model for vehicle state assessment incorporating multiple operational factors, and (3) the GDEPZ method for optimizing data transmission via satellite communication. These innovations enable the autonomous control of technical conditions, transparent fleet management, and efficient data processing in hard-to-reach areas. Various researchers in both industry and academia are looking into more efficient management methods for both vehicles and related data processing aspects. A vast trend related to the latter is the distributed data processing of transmitted data. This article discusses approaches to the use of blockchain technology in ITSs. It explores the use of blockchains in modern transport industries. In particular, the paper proposes a novel approach to the maintenance of public transportation vehicles and buses. The specificity of the proposed approach is the autonomous control of technical conditions using information systems. When using blockchain technology, building a transparent vehicle fleet management system is possible. The specificity of the proposed approach lies in data processing. Within the organization, confidence in data increases, the possibility of manipulating transportation is eliminated, and the decision-making chain is reduced. As a result, the system can manage itself. This also helps to increase the service life of vehicles, makes it possible to predict their malfunctions, and improves the quality of data on their technical conditions.
Neural Network-Based Evaluation of Hardness in Cold-Rolled Austenitic Stainless Steel Under Various Heat Treatment Conditions
Authors: Smetana Milan , Gala Michal , Gombarska Daniela , Klco Peter
Published: January 2025

This study introduces an innovative, non-contact method for classifying the hardness of austenitic stainless steels (grade AISI 304) based on their intrinsic magnetic fields. Utilizing a 3 × 3 matrix sensor system, this research captures weak magnetic fields to produce precise 2D magnetic field maps of the samples. A key advancement is the application of a modified GoogleNet convolutional neural network, optimized with the stochastic gradient descent with momentum algorithm, which achieves exceptional classification accuracy, ranging from 95% to 100%, and median accuracies of 97.5% to 99%. This method stands out by revealing a novel correlation between annealing temperature and magnetic field strength, particularly a pronounced decline in magnetic properties at temperatures near 1000 °C. This observation underscores the sensitivity of magnetic profiles to heat treatments, offering a groundbreaking approach to material characterization. By enabling reliable, efficient, and fully automated hardness evaluation based on magnetic signatures, this work has the potential to transform materials engineering and manufacturing, setting a new benchmark for non-destructive material analysis techniques.
New Hybrid Approaches Based on Swarm-Based Metaheuristic Algorithms and Applications to Optimization Problems
Authors: Uzer Mustafa Serter
Published: January 2025

Metaheuristic algorithms are favored for solving a variety of problems due to their inherent simplicity, ease of implementation, and effective problem-solving capabilities. This study proposes four new hybrid approaches using swarm-based metaheuristic algorithms. Two of these new approaches are HHHOWOA1 and HHHOWOA2, based on the hybridization of Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) with the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), and the others are HHHOWOA1PSO and HHHOWOA2PSO, based on the hybridization of HHHOWOA1 and HHHOWOA2 with particle swarm optimization (PSO). An evaluation of these four innovative approaches is conducted on 23 benchmark functions, and their results are compared to those reported in the literature under equivalent parameter settings. Among the four approaches, HHHOWOA1 and HHHOWOA2PSO have demonstrated more favorable results. According to the literature, the HHHOWOA1 and HHHOWOA2PSO approaches achieve the most optimal results, either better or with the same average fitness values in 15 of the 23 functions and in 18 of the 23 functions, respectively. Moreover, the proposed approaches have been applied to three engineering problems, and the optimum values obtained are compared to the literature. Ultimately, the proposed approaches have proven effective in providing competitive solutions for the majority of optimization problems.
Cyclical Physiology of Elite Female Athletes: Longitudinal Quantification of Wellness Parameters Considering Menstrual, Weekly, and Seasonal Variations
Authors: Badier Nolwenn , Dupuit Marine , Dormion Gaëlle , Chassard Tom , Barlier Kilian , Lafitte Alice , Delrieu Lidia , Toussaint Jean-François , Antero Juliana
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the study is to identify variations in wellness parameters among elite female athletes, considering simultaneously the influence of natural menstrual cycle (MC) or hormonal contraception (HC) phases and weekly and seasonal variations. A total of 54 elite female athletes were followed up with through a 6-month daily monitoring of their reported fitness, sleep quality, mood, and menstrual symptoms. Estimated cycle phases, days of the week, and seasons were all integrated into a single model to study cyclicities concomitantly. A total of 263 cycles were analyzed, totaling 7370 pieces of daily self-reported data. We observed more frequent symptoms during the menstruation and the pause phase. Reported fitness was greater in the mid-cycle and mood was lower at the end of the cycle for the MC group. Wellness parameters were rather stable for HC users. For both groups, symptoms were more frequent in summer. Reported fitness levels were lower on Monday, while mood scores were highest on Saturday and Sunday. In summer and autumn, fitness, sleep quality, and mood were greater. A cyclical wellness rhythm was identified in the menstrual cycle and persists even when considering weekdays and seasons cyclicities. This comprehensive approach helps to identify physiological influence on human behaviors, considering the specificities of women.
Effects of Installation Angle on Energy Harvesting Performance of Airfoil-Based Piezoelectric Energy Harvester
Authors: Tang Rongjiang , Li Dianliang , Wei Yanhong , Li Enze , You Zeyu
Published: January 2025

This study introduces a novel optimization approach for airfoil-based flutter energy harvesters through installation angle adjustment, addressing a critical research gap in the field where previous studies have primarily focused on structural modifications. To investigate this unexplored avenue, we developed a flutter energy harvester with an adjustable installation angle mechanism, aiming to reduce critical flutter velocity, broaden operational bandwidth, and improve energy harvesting efficiency under low-speed airflow conditions. The performance characteristics of the harvester were comprehensively evaluated through both numerical simulations incorporating fluid–structure-electrical coupling and wind tunnel experiments conducted at four distinct installation angles (0°, 3°, 6°, and 9°). The experimental results demonstrated a significant correlation between installation angle and critical flutter velocity, showing a consistent reduction from 7.8 m/s at 0° to 7.2 m/s at 6°, and further decreasing to 6.3 m/s at 9°. Notably, optimal performance was achieved at a moderate installation angle of 3°, yielding a maximum output voltage of 12.0 V and power output of 0.58 mW, which substantially exceeded the baseline performance at 0° (10.9 V, 0.48 mW). However, further increasing the installation angle to 9° led to performance degradation, attributed to a premature aerodynamic stall, resulting in reduced output metrics of 7.9 V and 0.25 mW for voltage and power, respectively. These findings demonstrate a simple yet effective method for enhancing flutter energy harvesting performance in low-speed airflow conditions.
A New Frontier in Oral Care: Live Streptococcus salivarius M18 Probiotic Toothpaste
Authors: Sali Sonali S. , Hale John D. F. , Jain Rohit
Published: January 2025

The oral microbiome, a complex ecosystem of microbes, is crucial for oral health. Imbalances in this ecosystem can lead to various oral diseases. Probiotics, live beneficial bacteria, offer a potential solution by strengthening oral defences. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a novel toothpaste containing Streptococcus salivarius M18, a probiotic strain. After ensuring compatibility with toothpaste ingredients, a stable formulation with desirable properties was created. The toothpaste demonstrated cleaning efficacy and antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens in vitro. A clinical trial involving healthy adults showed that all doses of the probiotic toothpaste significantly increased S. salivarius M18 levels in saliva, with the effect persisting even after discontinuation. These findings suggest that the toothpaste effectively delivers the probiotic to the oral cavity and promotes colonisation. Further research is needed to optimise the formulation and assess its long-term impact on oral health.