bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distribution and timing of Holocene and late Pleistocene glacier fluctuations in western Mongolia
Authors: Lehmkuhl Frank , Klinge Michael , Rother Henrik , Hülle Daniela
Published: September 2015

Despite being a key location for paleoglaciological research in north-central Asia, with the largest number of modern and Pleistocene glaciers, and in the transition zone between the humid Russian Altai and dry Gobi Altai, little is known about the precise extent and timing of Holocene and late Pleistocene glaciations in western Mongolia. Here we present detailed information on the distribution of modern and late Holocene glaciers, and new results addressing the geomorphological differentiation and numerical dating (by optically stimulated luminescence, OSL) of Pleistocene glacial sequences in these areas. For the Mongolian Altai, geochronological results suggest large ice advances correlative to marine isotope stages (MIS) 4 and 2. This is in contrast to results from the Khangai mountains, central Mongolia, showing that significant ice advances additionally occurred during MIS3. During the Pleistocene, glacial equilibrium-line altitudes (ELAs) were ~500 to >1000m lower in the more humid portion of the Russian and western Mongolian Altai, compared to 300-600 m in the drier ranges of the eastern Mongolian Altai. Pleistocene ELAs in the Khangai mountains were depressed by 700-1000 m, suggesting more humid conditions at times of major glaciation than in the eastern Mongolian Altai. This paleo-ELA pattern reveals that the precipitation gradient from the drier to the more humid regions was more pronounced during glacial times than at present.
Now: A Post-Romantic Countertextuality of the Contemporary
Authors: Corby James
Published: September 2015

In this essay James Corby questions the dominant future-oriented nature of the ethical turn of theory and philosophy in the final decades of the twentieth century and its aesthetic influence. Focusing in particular upon the ethical position of Jacques Derrida, Corby argues that the desire to avoid the closure of the contemporary and to preserve the possibility of difference by cultivating a radical attentiveness to that which is ‘to come’ often risks a too complete disengagement from the present, leading to an empty and ineffectual ethical stance that actually preserves the contemporary situation that it seeks to open up. Corby makes a case for this theoretical investment in the possibility of a non-contemporary (typically futural) rupture as being understood as forming part of a far-reaching romantic tradition. In opposition to this tradition he sketches a post-romantic alternative that would understand difference as an immanent, rather than imminent, matter. He argues that this should be considered congruent with a countertextual impulse oriented not towards a revelatory futurity, but, rather, towards the possible displacements, dislocations, and transformations already inherent in the contemporary. The final part of the essay develops this idea, positioning countertextuality as the articulation of alternative contemporaries. In this regard, the literature of the future is not ‘to come’, it is already here. The challenge is to recognise it as such, and this means being prepared to modify and change the conceptual apparatus that guides us in our thinking of literature and the arts.
Clinical Complexity in Medicine: A Measurement Model of Task and Patient Complexity
Authors: Weir C. , Del Fiol G. , Islam R.
Published: September 2015

Background: Complexity in medicine needs to be reduced to simple components in a way that is comprehensible to researchers and clinicians. Few studies in the current literature propose a measurement model that addresses both task and patient complexity in medicine. Objective: The objective of this paper is to develop an integrated approach to understand and measure clinical complexity by incorporating both task and patient complexity components focusing on the infectious disease domain. The measurement model was adapted and modified for the healthcare domain. Methods: Three clinical infectious disease teams were observed, audio-recorded and transcribed. Each team included an infectious diseases expert, one infectious diseases fellow, one physician assistant and one pharmacy resident fellow. The transcripts were parsed and the authors independently coded complexity attributes. This baseline measurement model of clinical complexity was modified in an initial set of coding processes and further validated in a consensus-based iterative process that included several meetings and email discussions by three clinical experts from diverse backgrounds from the Department of Biomedical Informatics at the University of Utah. Inter-rater reliability was calculated using Cohen’s kappa. Results: The proposed clinical complexity model consists of two separate components. The first is a clinical task complexity model with 13 clinical complexity-contributing factors and 7 dimensions. The second is the patient complexity model with 11 complexity-contributing factors and 5 dimensions. Conclusion: The measurement model for complexity encompassing both task and patient complexity will be a valuable resource for future researchers and industry to measure and understand complexity in healthcare.
Semi-automation of Doppler Spectrum Image Analysis for Grading Aortic Valve Stenosis Severity
Authors: Balčiunaite G. , Kizlaitis R. J. , Treigys P. , Niakšu O.
Published: September 2015

Background: Doppler echocardiography analysis has become a golden standard in the modern diagnosis of heart diseases. In this paper, we propose a set of techniques for semi-automated parameter extraction for aortic valve stenosis severity grading. Objectives: The main objectives of the study is to create echocardiography image processing techniques, which minimize manual image processing work of clinicians and leads to reduced human error rates. Methods: Aortic valve and left ventricle output tract spectrogram images have been processed and analyzed. A novel method was developed to trace systoles and to extract diagnostic relevant features. The results of the introduced method have been compared to the findings of the participating cardiologists. Results: The experimental results showed the accuracy of the proposed method is comparable to the manual measurement performed by medical professionals. Linear regression analysis of the calculated parameters and the measurements manually obtained by the cardiologists resulted in the strongly correlated values: peak systolic velocity’s and mean pressure gradient’s R2 both equal to 0.99, their means’ differences equal to 0.02 m/s and 4.09 mmHg, respectively, and aortic valve area’s R2 of 0.89 with the two methods means’ difference of 0.19 mm. Conclusions: The introduced Doppler echocardiography images processing method can be used as a computer-aided assistance in the aortic valve stenosis diagnostics. In our future work, we intend to improve precision of left ventricular outflow tract spectrogram measurements and apply data mining methods to propose a clinical decision support system for diagnosing aortic valve stenosis.
Bandes juvéniles, cité ghetto et régulation des turbulences
Authors: Boucher Manuel
Published: September 2015

Dans un contexte craintif à l’égard de la jeunesse populaire et des « bandes juvéniles », cet article interroge la production de la régulation sociale des désordres dans les cités ségréguées d’un point de vue social et ethnique. En mobilisant les résultats d’une enquête sur les jeunes des quartiers populaires considérés comme « dangereux », ce texte souligne que c’est avant tout l’existence de logiques sécuritaires agressives produites par les forces de l’ordre et le redéploiement du contrôle social local opéré par une pluralité de promoteurs de morale qui sont en cause dans l’éclatement de phénomènes de violences.
Adolescences... Dentelliers et dentellières à l’ouvrage
Authors: Vincent Marc
Published: September 2015

L’article tente de replacer l’adolescence en tant que moment critique incontournable dans l’évolution naturelle d’un enfant et de sa famille : essayer de comprendre, sans dramatisation pathologisante, la rupture, la désorientation et l’épreuve de reconstruction sans précédent auxquelles parents et adolescents sont confrontés à la fois ensemble et séparément face à cet événement déstabilisateur et trompeur, tant dans ses apparences que dans ses fondements, que va constituer l’adolescence.
Éléments d’intégration pour un enfant en situation de handicap dans une classe de cp
Authors: Peris Robert
Published: September 2015

Agir pour qu’un groupe intègre celui qui le désire. L’auteur présente une situation de vie scolaire dans laquelle l’auxiliaire de vie scolaire va être attentif à la dynamique collective et aux modalités d’intégration d’un enfant autiste.
De la médiation groupale conte à l’émergence du sujet
Authors: Lego Gaëlle
Published: September 2015

Dans le traitement de pathologies graves, les groupes thérapeutiques nous autorisent le maniement d’un transfert tant horizontal que vertical. Ce chassé-croisé d’interactions nous permet d’obtenir une fragmentation, non négligeable, des effets transférentiels. Les contes œuvrent comme « enveloppe sécurisante » pour accueillir les affects régressifs, les motions pulsionnelles archaïques. Structurés à partir de la loi de la parole et de la transmission des interdits fondamentaux, ils sont le véhicule d’une codification et d’une organisation de l’expérience sociale et psychique. Nous verrons, avec Constantin, comment nos interventions consistent d’abord à faire barrage avec la jouissance envahissante d’un réel hallucinatoire. Ensuite, « savoir ne pas savoir » à la place du sujet va lui autoriser une invention singulière. C’est par la dynamique groupale que ce sujet « persécuté » a pu obtenir une relative stabilisation : de la déviation de la pulsion de mort à l’émergence d’une subjectivité.
De la critique de l’aide à la participation
Authors: Simon Jean-Luc
Published: September 2015

Figer les aidants et les aidés dans leurs statuts, c’est se priver de connaissances de plus en plus utiles pour apprendre à se projeter dans l’avenir avec une ou plusieurs restrictions de capacités. En termes de formation et de renforcement des capacités, le soutien apporté à celles et ceux qui sont aidés reste une idée en gestation qui peine à sa structuration. L’auteur formule ici des propositions pour mettre en compétence et en partenariat les personnes chargées d’expériences de la Vie autonome afin de refonder avec elles des cadres de référence idoines.
La chute chez le James Joyce de Lacan
Authors: Dalzell Thomas
Published: September 2015

Si la chute biblique d’Adam et d’Ève se produisit dans le jardin d’Éden, le roman énigmatique de James Joyce, Finnegans Wake , concerne la chute d’un certain M. Humphrey Chimpden Earwicker et sa famille près du Phoenix Park à Dublin. Mais Finnegans Wake est en fait une histoire universelle et cet article soutient qu’il représente l’histoire familiale de Joyce lui-même. Et puisque Lacan considère le père de Joyce comme déficient et lui attribue une forclusion du Nom-du-Père héritée par Joyce, l’auteur examine les effets sur Joyce de son histoire familiale et démontre comment, grâce à son œuvre, dont il a fait son sinthome, il fut capable de réparer en lui-même les effets héréditaires de la chute.
Le discours capitaliste, une pente totalitaire
Authors: Voiret Annie
Published: September 2015

Le discours capitaliste confronté à la dérégulation du lien social qu'il génère tend à chercher alliance, à susciter connivence auprès des autres discours pour colmater ses brèches. Il les asservit ce faisant à sa cause totalisante… ce qui n'est pas sans quelque conséquence.
Le choc des discours
Authors: Podlejski Jacques
Published: September 2015

Partant du constat avéré des tensions croissantes entre démocratie et capitalisme, cet article s'attache à situer le choc entre le discours du capitaliste (DC) promu par les élites dirigeantes et le discours du maître (DM) porté par l'Église catholique. Il se conclut sur des considérations cliniques quant à la nécessaire restauration du DM comme préalable à l'entrée en analyse du sujet pris dans le DC.
Elle « marche haut »
Authors: Pouli Elda
Published: September 2015

De quelle façon le discours de l’analyste permet-il au sujet psychotique de trouver une sorte d’assise ? Ce cas clinique met en évidence l’enjeu du travail clinique qui tient à la place que doit occuper l’analyste. Le sujet de ce cas avec l’image « plastique » – image qui soutient le sujet face à la jouissance de l’Autre – arrive à trouver une sorte de lestage, à travers la dimension du langage.
« La psychanalyse au chef de la politique »
Authors: Sakellariou Dimitris
Published: September 2015

Le discours du capitaliste propose une complémentation du sujet par son supposé plus de jouir. Son action délétère produit en revanche un manque à jouir permanent, frustration toujours renouvelée. Est-il possible de sortir de ce cercle vicieux ? Si oui, comment ? Probablement en élevant le symptôme à sa dignité insurrectionnelle. Soustraire le sujet à la soif de manque à jouir peut être l’enjeu d’une analyse, mais cela reste contingent. Impossible en revanche sans l’analyste.
Les faux-semblants d’une « bioéthique de la famille »
Authors: Fillod Odile
Published: September 2015

Le rapport commandé à Irène Théry en préparation du grand projet de loi sur la famille enterré au printemps 2014 ne laisse pas de susciter des commentaires. Le théologien Vincent Leclercq en propose une évaluation éthique basée sur quatre critères : « le lien entre sexualité et fécondité », « la place du tiers dans la relation à l’origine », « le roc de la différence sexuelle » et « la vie reçue comme don ». Prenant la forme tantôt d’un conséquentialisme invoquant des répercussions pour le moins hypothétiques, tantôt d’un déontologisme fondé sur des principes flous et problématiques, l’argumentaire qu’il déploie échoue à convaincre de la pertinence de ses conclusions concernant le rapport Théry, et au-delà de la pertinence de tels critères d’évaluation. Pour qu’un débat constructif puisse se développer autour des questions traitées dans le rapport, qui touchent à des normes si prégnantes qu’elles suscitent bien souvent des indignations morales irraisonnées, il importerait au contraire d’en clarifier les enjeux éthiques avec rigueur.
Human enhancement : les principaux enjeux éthiques
Authors: Baertschi Bernard
Published: September 2015

L’être humain est insatisfait de sa situation et, depuis toujours, tente d’y remédier en s’améliorant. Pendant longtemps, il a dû se contenter de dispositifs d’une efficacité relative, en tout cas lorsqu’il s’agissait de rendre meilleures ses capacités cognitives ou morales. Depuis peu, l’être humain dispose de moyens plus prometteurs, dont des substances médicamenteuses agissant sur le cerveau. Y a-t-il un problème moral à s’améliorer ainsi ? Certains estiment que c’est le cas, car de tels moyens ne sont pas naturels et priveraient son bénéficiaire de tout mérite. À mon avis, ces objections ne sont pas convaincantes ; toutefois d’autres soucis, plus réels, subsistent, qui concernent les risques encourus pour la santé, l’érosion du caractère (s’habituer à résoudre ses problèmes par des médicaments), la justice distributive (qui pourra en bénéficier ?) et la pression sociale (si mes concurrents s’améliorent pharmacologiquement, je devrai le faire aussi). Ce dernier souci m’apparaît comme particulièrement sérieux, si bien que, en définitive, il se pourrait qu’une telle amélioration rendre notre vie pire : contrairement aux apparences, ce ne serait pas une véritable amélioration.
L’augmentation humaine « underground » : quelles limites pour le corps ?
Authors: Nascimento-Duarte Barbara
Published: September 2015

Cet article traite du thème de la modification corporelle d’un genre extrême en se focalisant sur la mouvance du body hacking , ou le piratage du corps . Ancrée dans l’ère du tout technologique, elle s’illustre par l’émergence d’un modèle organique rationnel de plus en plus étendu socialement utilisant des matériaux artificiels. Leur illustration se trouve dans le déploiement de puces électroniques sous-cutanées, les implants magnétiques, le remplacement de l’épiderme par des plaques en titane, ou encore les implants génitaux vibrants. En augmentant la capacité sensorielle, ces body hackers ou pirates du corps proposent de nouvelles émotions qui participent au développement d’un rapport inédit à l’organisme. Parallèlement, ils ont pour objectif premier de déconstruire la normativité corporelle en s’émancipant du déterminisme post-humain . Nous proposons d’identifier le traitement que ces acteurs réservent au corps : quelle lecture en font-ils, et en conséquence, quel organisme construisent-ils et projettent-ils et pour quel homme ? Cet article est le fruit d’un travail ethnographique international qui porte sur l’ensemble de ces nouvelles pratiques liées aux modifications corporelles et de ses augmentations, cette étude identifie la mutation de l’organisme opérant au sein de nos sociétés. Elle montre les nouvelles interactions que l’homme entretient avec la technologie, non pour compenser un handicap, mais pour développer de nouvelles fonctions.
Comment argumenter à propos de l’amélioration de la condition biologique de la vie humaine ?
Authors: Bondolfi Alberto
Published: September 2015

Dans ce texte l’auteur montre en quoi les tentatives d’améliorer les possibilités et les performances du corps humain posent de nouvelles questions aussi à la réflexion éthique. Se rappeler de la notion de nature pour interdire par principe toute tentative d’amélioration de base biologique de l’existence humaine ne résout pas les défis posés par les progrès des sciences naturelles et de la vie appliquée aux êtres humains. Dans l’article on évoque différentes modalités des tentatives d’amélioration des conditions biologiques de la vie humaine et on en montre les différentes spécificités. L’A. essaie de mettre en évidence aussi l’enjeu théologique de la discussion contemporaine autour de l’amélioration tout en se limitant à montrer la nécessité de lier l’histoire naturelle de l’espèce humaine à l’histoire du salut.
Les médecins et la médiatisation de la « théorie des climats » dans la France des Lumières
Authors: Fournier Patrick
Published: September 2015

De la peste provençale de 1720-1722 à la Révolution française, la « théorie des climats », issue de la tradition hippocratique et réactualisée par Montesquieu, connaît une médiatisation croissante. L’analyse de ce phénomène est ici fondée sur l’étude de correspondances et de publications dans les revues savantes et les journaux médicaux du xviii e siècle. La médiatisation y est l’instrument d’une politisation du rôle des médecins qui font de l’étude du climat et de l’environnement un enjeu majeur de la légitimité de leur savoir et de leur intervention dans l’espace public.
La réception des ouvrages d’alerte environnementale dans les médias français (1948-1973)
Authors: Trespeuch-Berthelot Anna
Published: September 2015

À une époque où l’on croyait infinies les perspectives de croissance et de progrès, quelques scientifiques, majoritairement anglo-saxons, publièrent des essais documentés mettant en garde l’humanité contre sa démesure prométhéenne. Ont-ils prêché dans le désert ? L’article étudie la manière dont les médias français ont relayé leur alerte : un prisme permettant d’analyser comment les problématiques environnementales se sont immiscées dans le débat public.
L’écologie bretonne dans les pages d’ Oxygène (1978-1985)
Authors: Siloret Martin
Published: September 2015

Créé en 1979, le mensuel écologiste breton Oxygène devient aussitôt une référence pour nombre de militants. Issu des combats environnementaux et anti-nucléaires en Bretagne, il témoigne de l’émergence d’une culture politique et militante écologiste contestataire, structurée à l’échelle régionale. L’évolution d’ Oxygène après 1981 reflète les difficultés traversées alors par le mouvement écologiste en Bretagne comme ailleurs. La contradiction entre « recentrage associatif » et engagement politique se fait jour, tandis que le reflux militant tarit à la fois le lectorat et les contributions à la revue, aboutissant à sa disparition en 1985.
René Dumont et la télévision
Authors: Delporte Christian
Published: September 2015

La télévision fit beaucoup pour la notoriété de René Dumont, et lui-même sut habilement s’en servir pour promouvoir ses idées et ses livres. S’il est présent – sollicité comme « expert » - sur le petit écran dès les années 1960, c’est, bien sûr, sa campagne télévisée de 1974 qui marque les esprits et fige son personnage. Devenu l’incarnation de l’écologie politique, Dumont est désormais, pour toujours, le « père des écologistes ». Le présent article vise à montrer l’influence décisive de la télévision dans la construction de son image.
Brice Lalonde : le beau visage de l’écologie ?
Authors: Guigo Pierre-Emmanuel , Pawelski Léa
Published: September 2015

Dès la fin des années 1970 et dans les décennies suivantes Brice Lalonde, en intégrant les codes de la politique médiatisée, s’impose comme le principal visage de l’écologie politique dans les médias. Son succès – jusqu’à devenir le premier ministre écologiste en 1988 – tient ainsi à sa capacité à mêler un style divertissant et subversif avec une recherche de crédibilité. Ce paradoxe culmine dans les années 1990, alors que son identité politique se brouille et que les écologistes ne sont pas plus enclins à accepter un leadership. Incapables de montrer un visage uni face à des médias soucieux de souligner ses failles, Brice Lalonde, dont l’audience diminue, perd de son aura médiatique.
Le Forum économique mondial et les médias : une relation singulière entre coopération et intégration
Authors: Tachin Agnès
Published: September 2015

Chaque année, au mois de janvier, la station de sport d’hiver de Davos en Suisse alémanique accueille l’une des manifestations les plus médiatisées de la planète, le sommet du Forum économique mondial. Le retentissement de ce grand rassemblement des élites mondiales s’appuie sur une politique de communication efficace menée par le Forum. Cet article se propose de l’éclairer en étudiant les relations entre le Forum et le monde journalistique. Il montre comment cette organisation privée s’est ouverte progressivement aux médias, s’adaptant à la globalisation et aux nouvelles technologies de communication et d’information. Pour préserver le caractère privé de cette rencontre, les organisateurs ont cependant fixé très tôt les principes et les règles de sa couverture médiatique. La participation des journalistes au sommet est très encadrée. Mais les contraintes imposées sont compensées par des avantages multiples qui rendent l’événement toujours aussi attractif auprès des médias.
L’ossuaire de Douaumont dans des quotidiens français : de l’idée à l’inauguration
Authors: Walter Jacques
Published: September 2015

L’ossuaire de Douaumont sort de terre en une dizaine d’années. Cette émergence peut être scandée en plusieurs étapes : formulation publique de l’idée, pose de la première pierre, concours d’architecture, inauguration partielle, inauguration finale. Pourquoi s’intéresser à leur traitement par des quotidiens de l’époque ? Pas tant pour constater que la surface éditoriale qui leur est consacrée est inégale suivant les journaux et les moments que pour analyser les évolutions des sens attribués au monument, ainsi que les façons dont celui-ci est investi par plusieurs catégories d’acteurs ne partageant pas tous le même engouement commémoratif. Si le religieux est un facteur important dans la construction de l’ossuaire, le politique et le médiatique le sont tout autant. En interaction, ils se livrent à un incessant travail de réélaboration du passé dans le présent.
Dotes de doncellas pobres sevillanas y su influencia en la ciudad de Lima
Authors: Rivasplata Varillas Paula Ermila
Published: September 2015

La Catedral Hispalense, el Hospital de las Cinco Llagas, el Hospital de San Hermenegildo y la Hermandad de la Misericordia ejercieron una labor asistencial a la mujer castellana núbil, ofreciendo a las doncellas no sólo dotes sino ayuda social y económica, y en el caso de los hospitales el aprendizaje de un oficio y un lugar donde vivir en reclusión de forma temporal para desarrollarse profesionalmente como cuidadoras, o realizando labores domésticas, ya que a causa de la separación de los sexos se formó la enfermería femenina. Esta costumbre fue trasladada a las Indias en concreto en el Hospital de la Caridad de la Ciudad de los Reyes en el Virreinato del Perú.
Fast and Fair Handling of Multimedia CAPTCHA Flows
Authors: Tsioliaridou Ageliki N , Zhang Chi , Liaskos Christos K
Published: September 2015

Multimedia CAPTCHAs play a crucial role in bot filtering policies for VoIP applications. Network flows carrying CAPTCHA content have a very small lifespan and require high transmission quality, making for special handling at transport layer. The present study introduces an analysis-derived, rapidly converging control mechanism for CAPTCHA flows. Instead of relying on generic heuristics, the novel scheme enables the flows to estimate their deviation from the equilibrium and adapt to it in a single step. Simulations demonstrate the high efficiency and convergence speed of the scheme, highlighting its unique fitness for the appointed task.
Network Proximity for Content Discovery
Authors: Daradkeh Dr. Yousef Ibrahim , Namiot Dmitry
Published: September 2015

The paper describes our approach for using wireless sensors on mobile phones for delivering new data to mobile subscribers. We propose a new practical approach for social context-aware data retrieval based on mobile phones as a sensor concept. This approach uses Wi-Fi and Bluetooth modules located on mobile phones as sensors for getting proximity information that can open (discover) access to any user generated content or content published in the social networks. A special mobile service (context-aware browser client for Android) can present that information to mobile subscribers. The potential use-cases for the proposed approach include all projects associated with hyper-local news data. For example, news services in Smart City projects, proximity marketing, indoor data delivery, etc.
Can web thin clients be used to create flexible assessment spaces in a higher education setting?
Authors: Webb Stephen , Malik Manish , Wilson Mike
Published: September 2015

For many HE institutions, a major factor inhibiting the wider deployment of computer-based objective assessment is the lack of suitable IT suites. The advent of pervasive wifi within HE campus environments, combined with the development of portable and low-cost browser-based devices, motivates the question of whether existing teaching spaces can be used as venues for computer-based assessment. This work describes the results of a pilot study aimed at investigating some of the technical and logistical issues surrounding this question and evaluating student perceptions of this particular implementation of an educational technology.
A Pictorial Mobile Application for Improving Communication Skills in Non-Verbal Autism
Authors: Abou El-Seoud Samir , Karkar AbdelGhani , Al Ja'am Jihad , Karam Omar
Published: September 2015

It is estimated that as many as 25 percent of individuals living with autism spectrum disorders are non-verbal. That is, they cannot functionally communicate with others using their voice. Despite that substantial fraction, we still know very little about these individuals, their abilities, and their needs. "We still know very little about the cognitive capabilities of nonverbal people with autism, and how best to help them learn to communicate," said Geri Dawson, Ph.D., Autism Speaks chief science officer.

Non-verbal people with autism are usually unable to communicate normally using natural languages. They can, however, learn to communicate through specific symbols and images. Special education instructors have adopted this method of communication to teach non-verbal people with autism. They introduce the symbols and images to them through different methodologies. This learning process appeared to be effective but it is very long. The process is carried out manually and requires a lots of times, dedication, and resources. The instructors should find the materials in different formats and circumstances. They should repeat the lessons several times and normally in a face-to-face framework. We propose in this paper a mobile-based application that allows non- verbal people with autism to learn and communicate with their surroundings using a smart device. They can then be taught to use specific symbols and images through the smart mobile phones. They can form simple words and sentences to express their feelings and needs. The application is flexible and allows the addition of new contents very easily. To assess the progress of the users, different exercises and puzzles are proposed. These allow the users to improve their skills and to continue learning outside the classrooms.
Set-Oriented Queries in SQL
Authors: Badia Antonio
Published: September 2015

Set-oriented queries are those that require a condition to hold of an arbitrary set of rows, either when comparing the set to a single row or to another set of rows. Examples of such queries are universally quantified queries and skyline queries. These queries, while important for data processing, are difficult to write and difficult to process. In this chapter we review research dealing with the specification and optimization of such queries. We present several approaches proposed to deal with universal quantification as well as with set predicates in general.
Modeling and Querying Fuzzy Data
Authors: Yan Li , Ma Z. M.
Published: September 2015

Imperfect information extensively exists in data and knowledge intensive applications, where fuzzy data play an import role in nature. Fuzzy set theory has been extensively applied to extend various database models and resulted in numerous contributions. The chapter concentrates on two main issues in fuzzy data management: fuzzy data models and fuzzy data querying based on the fuzzy data models. A full up-to-date overview of the current state of the art in fuzzy data modeling and querying is provided in the chapter. In addition, the relationships among various fuzzy data models are discussed in the chapter. The chapter serves as identifying possible research opportunities in the area of fuzzy data management in addition to providing a generic overview of the approaches to modeling and querying fuzzy data.
User Driven Query Framework of Social Networks for Geo-Temporal Analysis of Events of Interest
Authors: Bordogna Gloria , Sterlacchini Simone , Arcaini Paolo
Published: September 2015

In this chapter we propose a framework for collecting, organizing into a database and querying information in social networks by the specification of content-based, geographic and temporal conditions to the aim of detecting periodic and aperiodic events. Our proposal could be a basis for developing context aware services. For example to identify the streets and their rush hours by analyzing the messages in social media periodically sent by queuing drivers and to report these critical spatio-temporal situations to help other drivers to plan alternative routes. Specifically, we rely on a focused crawler to periodically collect messages in social networks related with the contents of interest, and on an original geo-temporal clustering algorithm in order to explore the geo-temporal distribution of the messages. The clustering algorithm can be customized so as to identify aperiodic and periodic events at global or local scale based on the specification of geographic and temporal query conditions.
C2S
Authors: Goncalves Marlene , Di Bartolo Fabiola
Published: September 2015

Skyline queries may be used to filter interesting data from a broad range of data. A Skyline query selects those data that are the best according to multiple user-defined criteria. A special case of Skyline queries are the Spatial Skyline Queries (SSQ). SSQ allow users to express preferences on the closeness between a set of data points and a set of query points. We study the problem of answering SSQ in presence of changing data, i.e., data whose values regularly change over a period of time. In this chapter, it is proposed an algorithm to evaluate SSQ on changing data. The proposed algorithm is able to avoid recomputation of the whole Skyline with each update on the data. Also, the performance of the proposed algorithm against state-of-the-art algorithms was empirically studied. The experimental study shows that the proposed algorithm may become 3 times faster than state-of-the-art algorithms.
RDF Storage and Querying
Authors: Cheng Jingwei , Ma Z. M. , Tong Qiang
Published: September 2015

RDF plays an important role in representing Web resources in a natural and flexible way. As the amount of RDF datasets increasingly growing, storing and querying theses data have attracted the attention of more and more researchers. In this chapter, we first make a review of approaches for query processing of RDF datasets. We categorize existing methods as two classes, those making use of RDBMS to implement the storage and retrieval, and those devising their own native storage schemas. They are called Relational RDF Stores and Native Stores respectively. Secondly, we survey some important extensions of SPARQL, standard query language for RDF, which extend the expressing power of SPARQL to allow more sophisticated language constructs that meet the needs from various application scenarios.
Use of Sensor Data Warehouse for Soil Moisture Analysis
Authors: Kang Myoung-Ah , Pinet François , Bimonte Sandro , De Sousa Gil , Chanet Jean-Pierre
Published: September 2015

More and more data are collected via sensors. Wireless networks can be implemented to facilitate the collection of sensors data and to reduce the cost of their acquisition. In this chapter, we present a general architecture combining Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and Spatial Data Warehouse (SDW) technologies. This innovative solution is used to collect automatically sensor's information and to facilitate the analysis of these data. The WSN used in this application has been deployed by Irstea and tested during several years in vineyards in South of France. The novel contribution presented in this chapter is related to the use of a SDW to manage data produced by geo-referenced sensor nodes. SDW is one of the most appropriate modern technologies for analyzing large data sets at different temporal and spatial scales. This type of databases is a specific category of information system used to integrate, accumulate and analyze information from various sources. These data are usually organized according to a multidimensional schema to facilitate the calculation of indicators. In this chapter, we introduce the development of a SDW storing the data collected by this WSN. The implemented data warehouse can allow users to aggregate and explore interactively data produced by sensors. With this system, it is possible to visualize on a map the results of these aggregations.
Business Process Improvement through Data Mining Techniques
Authors: Tsironis Loukas K.
Published: September 2015

The chapter proposes a general methodology on how to use data mining techniques to support total quality management especially related to the quality tools. The effectiveness of the proposed general methodology is demonstrated through their application. The goal of this chapter is to build the 7 new quality tools based on the rules that are “hidden” in the raw data of a database and to propose solutions and actions that will lead the organization under study to improve its business processes by evaluating the results. Four popular data-mining approaches (rough sets, association rules, classification rules and Bayesian networks) were applied on a set of 12.477 case records concerning vehicles damages. The set of rules and patterns that was produced by each algorithm was used as input in order to dynamically form each of the quality tools. This would enable the creation of the quality tools starting from the raw data and passing through the stage of data mining, using automatic software was employed.
Integrated Management Systems and Information Management Systems
Authors: Gianni Maria , Gotzamani Katerina
Published: September 2015

Information systems collect and disseminate information within organizations based on information technology, while management systems formalize business processes following the standards requirements. Since management standards proliferate, their integrated adoption into a holistic overarching system has emerged as an effective and efficient approach. In this context, this chapter aims to explore the potential synergies among information management and integration. Firstly, a focused literature review is conducted and survey data on the relevant standards evolution are processed in order to provide the information and management practitioners with a clear and oriented depiction of the available norms and their adoption possibilities. Furthermore, a framework is proposed consolidating management sub-systems into an integrated structure including information management and supported by information systems. Finally, the concept of internalization of management systems standards is understood in association with information and knowledge diffusion within an integrated management system.
A Predictive Analytic Model for Maternal Morbidity
Authors: Palza Edgardo , Sanchez Jorge , Mamani Guillermo , Pacora Percy , Abran Alain , Moon Jane
Published: September 2015

This chapter presents a predictive analytic model for preventing neonatal morbidity through the analysis of patterns of risky behavior regarding morbidity in newborns. The chapter presents the design and implementation of a forecasting model of Neonatal morbidity. The model developed is based on artificial intelligence using Bayesian Networks, Influence Diagrams and principles of traditional statistics. The model research is based on a repository of 10,000 medical records at a hospital in Peru. The model aims to identify the factors that are causes of morbidity in newborns, is based on data mining techniques and developed using the CRISP-DM methodology.
From the Margins to the Mainstream
Authors: Ma Ronald
Published: September 2015

Healthcare system performance needs information on cost and revenue of care because of the rising healthcare costs. Empowering clinicians with clinical costing information is central to the success of containing costs. This information holds clinical data linkage unifying clinical, financial and administrative datasets, and seems to facilitate the spending of scarce health care resources in a way that produces the biggest difference in clinical outcomes. This chapter looks at the methodology and processes of clinical costing and its potential applications to facilitate the delivery of value-based healthcare, which confers quality care at lowest unit cost. Policy implications would be purchasing value-based healthcare, based mostly on quality of care after removing avoidable costs for inefficiency and poor quality. Clinician participation in the clinical costing is the key to success, because clinicians will be informed of the options available to choose the most value-based healthcare, which will, in turn, take care of the tight healthcare budget. Yet, this method of clinical costing is still at the margins.
Clinical Decision Support
Authors: Shaha Steven
Published: September 2015

The purpose of healthcare information systems should tend toward helping clinicians make best decisions for the clinical benefits of their patients, as well as for the cost-related benefits of organisations, communities and societies. Too many healthcare organisations are opting toward technology-based systems that ensure cost-effectiveness as a priority over clinical quality, limiting clinician decisions toward compliance to established decisions and processes rather than toward innovative and impactful approaches to patient care. Compliance-based solutions assume that all hospitals are identical in populations served, clinician expertise or physical layout, all assumption fallacies. Best healthcare enhancing technology enables local adaptation with analytics for ongoing innovation to best optimise successes in care quality, cost-effectiveness and efficiency. Such systems are available, and best providers will encourage clinicians and operational leaders to ever-improve delivery of innovative, evolving health care. This chapter will discuss the right approaches towards improved clinical, costs, and efficiency gains.
Mining Electronic Health Records to Guide and Support Clinical Decision Support Systems
Authors: Jonnagaddala Jitendra , Dai Hong-Jie , Ray Pradeep , Liaw Siaw-Teng
Published: September 2015

Clinical decision support systems require well-designed electronic health record (EHR) systems and vice versa. The data stored or captured in EHRs are diverse and include demographics, billing, medications, and laboratory reports; and can be categorized as structured, semi-structured and unstructured data. Various data and text mining techniques have been used to extract these data from EHRs for use in decision support, quality improvement and research. Mining EHRs has been used to identify cohorts, correlated phenotypes in genome-wide association studies, disease correlations and risk factors, drug-drug interactions, and to improve health services. However, mining EHR data is a challenge with many issues and barriers. The aim of this chapter is to discuss how data and text mining techniques may guide and support the building of improved clinical decision support systems.
Interfaces Behavior in Glued Granular Materials
Authors: Buonsanti Michele , Ceravolo Fortunato , Leonardi Giovanni , Scopelliti Francesco
Published: September 2015

In this paper a micro-scale model to investigate the structural integrity of a runway surface has been developed. By performing stress analysis on a representative volume element (RVE), our model specification has been focalized on two elementary mixture constituents, two rigid components glued together by asphalt. The analysis is performed under thermo-mechanical actions, as those produced by landing gear impact and variable high surface temperatures. Three different interfaces (rigid to rigid, rigid to soft and soft to soft), three different asphalt density and two different values of surface temperature have been considered in the simulation. Resulting stress and strain fields are compared to define the greater critical conditions and to evaluate the micro-scale structural integrity
Mechanical and Fatigue Parameters of Two Types of Alkali-Activated Concrete
Authors: Seitl Stanislav , Bilek Vlastimil , Šimonová Hana , Keršner Zbyněk
Published: September 2015

The alkali-activated concrete is prepared as a new potential material for the production of concrete elements developed by ZPSV, a. s. company. Note that civil engineering structures are usually made of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) based concrete but today, the cement industry is responsible for emitting between 6% and 7% of all the CO2 emission into the atmosphere. Therefore, it is essential to seek different binders to provide environmental friendly materials. One possible alternative is the application of alkali-activated concrete. The optimal design of concrete mixture was studied in this investigation. Two types of concrete have a similar application and therefore the fatigue parameters can be compared. To this aim, specimens were prepared and tested under static (compressive cube strength) and cyclic loading (fatigue parameters − Wöhler curve). The experimentally obtained results (both mechanical and fatigue) of both types of concrete are compared and the suitability of these types of composites for its application is discussed.
Multi-Physics and Multi-Scale Deterioration Modelling of Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Michel A. , Stang H. , Lepech M. , Geiker M.R.
Published: September 2015

Deterioration of reinforced concrete infrastructure such as bridges, tunnels, and buildings represents one of the major challenges currently facing developed countries. While engineering tools and methods for structural modelling and design of new reinforced concrete infrastructure are mature, methods and tools for modelling decades-long deterioration and maintenance are much less developed. In this paper, a multi-physics and multi-scale modelling approach for structural deterioration of reinforced concrete components due to reinforcement corrosion is presented. The multi-disciplinary modelling approach includes physical, chemical, electrochemical, and fracture mechanical processes at the material and meso-scale, which are further coupled with mechanical deterioration processes at the structural scale.
Influence of Semi-Circular Cracks on Threaded Connection Fatigue by Means of Kitagawa-Takahashi Diagram and El Haddad Equation
Authors: Novoselac Stipica , Ergić Todor , Kozak Dražan , Sedmak Aleksandar
Published: September 2015

Evaluation of semi-circular surface crack influence on threaded connection fatigue behavior, made of 42CrMo4 heat treatable steel, was carried out. Crack diameters were defined as 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 mm. Influence of semi-circular surface cracks was investigated by means of Kitagawa–Takahashi diagram and El Haddad equation. Assessments were done for survival probability of 99% on detailed FE model with normal metric thread profile and preload force at 70% of force at bolt yield point. The most critical location on threaded connections usually are thread roots which contain a very high notch effect. In order to accurately consider multiaxial stress field in thread root, multiaxial fatigue stress criterion based on a critical plane theory for fatigue assessment, was used. Mean stress influence was taken into account by means of Haigh diagram. Variable amplitude loading history of low-high (Lo-Hi) sequence spectrum was analyzed with the numerical algorithm of Rainflow cycle counting in the time domain. Fatigue damage was calculated according to the modified Palmgren-Miner linear damage accumulation hypothesis.
TEM Study of Microstructure Changes, Formation and Distribution of Slip Bands in Austenitic Steels after Low-Cycle Fatigue (LCF) Deformation - II
Authors: Eterashvili Tamaz , Dzigrashvili T. , Vardosanidze M.
Published: September 2015

The microstructure changes, development of micro plastic deformation and formation and distribution of slip bands were studied. It is shown that development of micro deformation during LCF depends on loading conditions (amplitude and number of cycles) and microstructureIt is shown that as non-localized as well as localized micro plastic deformation takes place because of structural inhomogeneity. Supposedly, the localized deformation is related to the sites of internal stress concentration accumulated during the LCF.The effect of microstructure of structural steels on the rate of local cyclic deformation, leading to nucleation and growth of slip bands of fatigue cracks, was studied. The interaction of slip bands with precipitates, grain boundaries and low-angle boundaries were also analyzed.The sites of nucleation of primary and secondary slip bands were identified, and the following aspects were considered: 1. the possibility of microcrack nucleation on (or in) slip bands, 2. The kind of slip bands the slip bands may nucleate in, 3. The potential sites (except the slip bands) and reasons of nanocrack formation are specified.
Deformation of Electroelastic Materials with Dispersed Microdamageability
Authors: Babich Dmytro , Bezverkhyi O. , Dorodnykh Tatiana
Published: September 2015

The present paper addresses the continuum model describing deformation electroelastic materials by using the generalized Eshelby principle. The energy method is based on the principle of equivalence of the deformation energy of fractured piezoelectric materials and the energy of medium, which is modeling these materials as a continuous medium. The key point of this approach is to determine the densities of the released elastic and electric energy.