bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The remodelling of u-stem adjectives in West Germanic
Authors: Visser Lourens
Published: April 2024

In Proto-Germanic, strong adjectives are declined according to stem type. The minor u­-stem class of adjectives is only preserved in Gothic, and even there it is under pressure from more frequent classes. In West Germanic, members of this class are redistributed into the common a-/ō-stem and ja-/jō-stem classes. The present study analysed the reflexes of all Proto-Germanic u-stem adjectives in Kroonen (2013) in the different West Germanic languages. It was found that a plurality are transferred into the ja-/jō-stem class in all languages. However, a considerable number of them have a-/ō-stem reflexes in some languages but ja-/jō-stem ones in others, while certain adjectives can show reflexes of both types within one language. Anglo-Frisian has the largest number of a-/ō-stem outcomes, and High German the most ja-/jō-stem ones, with Dutch and Low German falling somewhere in between. Therefore, the remodelling of u-stem adjectives necessarily postdates a period of West Germanic unity.
Modaal weten
Authors: Van der Wouden Ton
Published: April 2024

The paper discusses a number of properties of a particular use of the Dutch verb weten ‘to know’, viz., where the verbs functions like a kind of modal verb with the semantics ‘can, be able to’. It is shown that this modal use is much younger than the original verb of cognition – a usage that still exists alongside the new development. One of the claims is that the new, modal use is the result of grammaticalization.
Rethinking negative polarity and free choice in comparatives: A crosslinguistic perspective
Authors: Giannakidou Anastasia , Yoon Suwon
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we study patterns of polarity items in comparatives, including data from Greek, English, Korean, and Dutch described in Jack Hoeksema’s work. Our conclusions challenge the status of the comparative as a licensing environment for negative polarity items (NPIs). NPIs that appear in the comparative are not licensed but rescued in the sense of Giannakidou (2006), i.e., they can appear without a syntactic licenser in the logical form. Free choice items, (FCIs) on the other hand, do appear in comparatives systematically; and because FCIs typically avoid negation, their occurrence serves as evidence that the comparative is not a negative environment. The implication of our data is consistent with the long-standing observation, including Hoeksema’s own, that the comparative lacks monotonic properties. Polarity items with free choice or generic readings are admitted because these items can refer to a class, and are therefore appropriate for class comparisons.
Exploring undergraduate students’ experiences with technology in online learning environment
Authors: Kusmiatun Ari , Ardhia Dhiana Nur , Kencana Bekti Anggi Kuala
Published: April 2024

As an aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, university learning has been significantly impacted despite the need to adapt to technology to support online learning. Nonetheless, it is essential to recognize that online learning can pose various challenges, including learning loss, which can affect the decline of students' knowledge and skills. The present study was aimed at identifying (1) the types of platforms used in online learning and (2) the symptoms of learning loss experienced by students during online learning. The study was quantitative-qualitative research with a mix-method approach. Data collection was carried out using observations, online surveys (Google form), and interviews conducted in 2021. Data were collected from 70 students of Indonesian Language and Literature Education class of 2020 Yogyakarta State University. Data analysis used quantitative-qualitative analysis. The results showed that the types of platforms students use include WhatsApp, Zoom, UNY Be Smart, Google Meet, Google Classroom, Powtoon, Geneally, Padlet, Quiziz, and Jamboard. The Whatsapp was the most widely used platform. However, online learning that provides many benefits also caused symptoms of learning loss in online lectures. The symptoms of learning loss experienced by students were lecturing while doing other activities, no one responding to the lecturer's questions, turning off the camera during lectures, and passive discussion presentations. The findings suggest that lecturers should increase their supervision and engagement, create a more engaging learning environment, and encourage active participation from students.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA PUISI UNTUK ANAK SD DUSUN TAWARSARI
Authors: Tohani Entoh , Destanti Chrisvian
Published: April 2024

Kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat atau biasa disingkat (PPM) merupakan salah satu wujud sarana pengaplikasian teori yang telah didapatkan di perguruan tinggi. Kegiatan PPM melatih mahasiswa untuk dapat mengembangkan kemampuan sosial dengan terjun langsung di tengah-tengah masyarakat. Kegiatan ini juga dapat meningkatkan kapasitas sumber daya manusia masyarakat yang menjadi sasaran kegiatan. Kegiatan PPM dengan kegiatan Peningkatan kemampuan membaca puisi untuk anak-anak sekolah dasar di Dusun Tawarsari. Pelaksanaan PPM ini menggunakan metode observasi terbatas, analisis kebutuhan masyarakat, penyusunan program kerja dan rencana kegiatan, penetapan alokasi waktu konsultasi program kerja, dan sosialisasi terbatas. Program ini dilakukan dengan kegiatan belajar puisi yaitu membuat puisi, latihan membaca puisi, dan lomba video membaca puisi. Secara keseluruhan pelaksanaan program kerja PPM ini dapat berjalan dengan baik. Masyarakat memberikan respon yang baik atas program yang dijalankan oleh mahasiswa.
How Librarian’s Social Media Capabilities Influence their Agility in Developing the Services
Authors: Husain Haslina , Abdullah Sani Mad Khir Johari , Salim Tamara Adriani-Susetyo
Published: April 2024

This study developed a tool to measure social media capability's impact on librarians' agility in 20 Malaysian academic libraries. A 26-item survey gathered data from 200 librarians. Results, analyzed with SPSS and Smart-PLS, indicated strong internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha 0.787-0.945). While one hypothesis was unsupported, three others were confirmed, highlighting the significant role of social media capability in enhancing librarians' agility. The research suggests the potential for future studies in this area.
Determinants of Google Workspace Usage and Collaborative Learning among University Students in Selangor
Authors: Nokhil Nur Hafiz , Mohamed Shuhidan Shamila , Baharuddin Mohammad Fazli , Jalil Abdurrahman
Published: April 2024

Technology for education can assist students' learning goals while opening new avenues for critical thinking, communication, collaboration, and creativity. One of the platforms used by students is Google Workspace, a cloud-based productivity suite developed by Google. However, the problem of insufficient support for sharing content and the unethical use of information system services has become a major concern highlighted in this study. The quantitative findings in this study show a correlation between the usage of Google Workspace and the Collaborative Learning Environment and a recommendation to upskill students with digital literacy skills and ethics of information use.
Sun Safety Struggles Among Children with Xeroderma Pigmentosum in a Tropical Low-Income Country
Authors: Ridora Yohanes , Trisnowati Niken , Danarti Retno
Published: April 2024

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare genodermatosis characterized by increased sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation, leading to severe skin manifestations and a higher risk of early-onset malignancies. Previous studies from temperate climate countries with sound economic levels showed adequate photoprotection compliance among pediatric XP patients. However, no studies have assessed photoprotection compliance among children with XP living in tropical and low-economic settings. This article reports a low photoprotection compliance of three pediatric XP patients residing in Indonesia, a tropical low-income country. The three patients began experiencing their first symptoms in the first year of life with a gap of 1-3 years until they were diagnosed with XP by dermatologists. Photoprotection measures were promptly initiated. However, challenges related to the hot climate and low economic status led to lower levels of photoprotection compliance. Ultimately, the three patients developed UV-associated skin malignancy at early ages. This report underscores the challenges of maintaining a favorable prognosis for XP patients in low-income tropical countries.
Comparison of the Neutralization Power of Sotrovimab Against SARS-CoV-2 Variants: Development of a Rapid Computational Method
Authors: Ashoor Dana , Marzouq Maryam , Fathallah M-Dahmani
Published: April 2024

Background

The rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 imposed a huge challenge on disease control. Immune evasion caused by genetic variations of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein’s immunogenic epitopes affects the efficiency of monoclonal antibody–based therapy of COVID-19. Therefore, a rapid method is needed to evaluate the efficacy of the available monoclonal antibodies against the new emerging variants or potential novel variants.

Objective

The aim of this study is to develop a rapid computational method to evaluate the neutralization power of anti–SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies against new SARS-CoV-2 variants and other potential new mutations.

Methods

The amino acid sequence of the extracellular domain of the spike proteins of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (GenBank accession number YP_009825051.1) and SARS-CoV-2 (GenBank accession number YP_009724390.1) were used to create computational 3D models for the native spike proteins. Specific mutations were introduced to the curated sequence to generate the different variant spike models. The neutralization potential of sotrovimab (S309) against these variants was evaluated based on its molecular interactions and Gibbs free energy in comparison to a reference model after molecular replacement of the reference receptor-binding domain with the variant’s receptor-binding domain.

Results

Our results show a loss in the binding affinity of the neutralizing antibody S309 with both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. The binding affinity of S309 was greater to the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Kappa variants than to the original Wuhan strain of SARS-CoV-2. However, S309 showed a substantially decreased binding affinity to the Delta and Omicron variants. Based on the mutational profile of Omicron subvariants, our data describe the effect of the G339H and G339D mutations and their role in escaping antibody neutralization, which is in line with published clinical reports.

Conclusions

This method is rapid, applicable, and of interest to adapt the use of therapeutic antibodies to the treatment of emerging variants. It could be applied to antibody-based treatment of other viral infections.
Theoretical and Experimental Modeling of Local Scale CO2 Flushing of Hydrous Rhyolitic Magma
Authors: Simakin Alexander , Devyatova Vera , Shiryaev Andrey
Published: April 2024

Flushing of hydrous silicic magmas with crustal carbonic fluid may be an important factor controlling the dynamics of rhyolitic eruptions. We present combined theoretical and experimental study of the interaction of carbonic fluid with a hydrous silicic melt. The process of diffusional equilibration of a CO2 bubble with a silicic melt was simulated numerically in the spherical shell approximation. The rapid water transfer from the melt to the bubble is followed by a slower diffusion of CO2 into the melt. The water distribution in the melt becomes almost uniform over a period proportional to the diffusional unit of time 0.14τw, determined by the initial inter-bubble distance W equal the distance between neighbor bubbles centers and the water diffusion coefficient Dw in the melt (τw = W 2/Dw), while the CO2 distribution remains strongly contrasting and the melt remains undersaturated in CO2. This process was modelled experimentally with a hydrous albite melt at P = 200MPa and T = 950–1000 °C. In the first series of experiments at T = 950◦C, a glass powder was filled with pure CO2 at the beginning of the experiment, forming numerous bubbles at the run temperature. Micro-FTIR measurements showed that after 40 minutes the water content in the melt decreased from 4.9 down to 1.8 wt. % with the maximum CO2 content of 500 ppm (below saturation). After 4 hours, the crystallinity increased to 85%, and almost all of the fluid bubbles escaped. The second series of experiments CO2 interacted with a 2 mm high column of hydrous albite melt. Diffusion profiles in the quenched glass were measured using EMPA (H2O) and micro-FTIR (CO2 and H2O). The estimated diffusion coefficients in the melt for H2O (1.1 × 10−6 cm2 /s) and CO2 (1.5 × 10−7 cm2 /s) are consistent with published data. Scaling analysis predicts that in the nature, after the influx of CO2 bubbles a few millimeters in size, the maximum dehydration of rhyolitic magma with viscosity near 105 Pa s without a significant increase in CO2 content occurs after 1–30 days, i.e. a period compatible with the minimum duration of pre-eruption processes in the magma chamber.
Optimized treatment of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension in general practice
Authors: Kazakov Yu.M. , Muravlova O.V. , Nastroga T.V. , Kitura O.E. , Shut S.V.
Published: April 2024

Background. Population aging has become a leading demographic feature of Ukraine. According to the World Health Organization, the number of elderly and senile people will increase to almost 40 % in the coming decades. Hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) are among the leading factors of cardiovascular risk. It is known that excessive oxidant stress and low-grade subclinical chronic systemic inflammation are determining factors of endothelial dysfunction, vascular reactivity disorders, increased peripheral vascular resistance, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism disorders, which leads to increased blood pressure and plasma glucose levels. Hypertension and type 2 DM are among the leading cardiovascular risk factors. The purpose of the study was to increase the effectiveness of treatment and improve the quality of life of elderly patients with combined pathology of hypertension and type 2 DM by additional inclusion of empagliflozin and L-arginine in the basic therapy. Materials and methods. Fifty elderly patients with comorbid pathology were under our observation for second stage hypertension, coronary heart disease (functional class II) and type 2 DM in the stage of subcompensation. Participants were divided into two groups: the first one, controls (n = 25), received generally accepted basic therapy. In the second group (n = 25), the following drugs were added to the basic therapy: empagliflozin 10 mg/day, L-arginine 300 mg/day. Results. Clinical observation in outpatient conditions lasted for 3 months. Comprehensive therapy in the elderly patients with comorbid pathology of hypertension and type 2 diabetes, with the additional inclusion of empagliflozin and L-arginine to the basic therapy, contributes to a significant positive effect on the clinical course, reduces the risk of progression of this constellation. Conclusions. The application of the proposed comprehensive therapy in outpatient conditions under the control of a family doctor will significantly improve the quality of life of patients and prevent the development of complications
Thyroid dysfunction in the ageing patient
Authors: Bilookyi O.V. , Vasiuk V.L. , Shupik O.A.
Published: April 2024

Thyroid dysfunction is a common endocrine disorder in the general population, with a reported prevalence of 10–15 %. This rate is higher in older adults, with an estimated prevalence of 25 % in some populations. Since elderly patients usually present more comorbidities than younger individuals, thyroid dysfunction may carry a synergistic negative health impact, mainly due to increased cardiovascular disease risk. Thyroid dysfunction in the elderly can be more difficult to diagnose due to its subtle or even asymptomatic clinical presentation, and the interpretation of thyroid function tests may be affected by drugs that interfere with thyroid function or by the coexistence of several diseases. Clinical experience shows that older people with hyperthyroidism display fewer signs or symptoms compared to younger people with hyperthyroidism. Moreover, older people with normal thyroid function tests have several clinical features of hypothyroidism. These observations suggest that there may be an age-related resistance to the actions of thyroid hormones. Laboratory experiments have consistently documented an age-related blunting of response to exogenously administered thyroid hormones. This resistance to thyroid hormones action has been attributed to reduced cellular transport of thyroid hormones. In light of these observations, along with epidemiologic studies, the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid disease in older people differ from the current treatment guidelines of younger people with thyroid disease. It is noteworthy that the age-related resistance to thyroid hormones is distinct from the congenital thyroid hormone resistance syndromes. This distinction is explained by the age-related changes in pituitary responsiveness to the feedback inhibition by thyroid hormones and reduced thyroid gland response to thyrotropin. The current evidence suggests that the age-related resistance to thyroid hormones is an adaptive process to prolong life span. In this review article, we summarize the current knowledge on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapeutic management of thyroid dysfunction in elderly patients.
Academician Mykola Dmytrovych Tronko turns 80!
Authors: Authors No
Published: April 2024

No abstract
On Road Vehicle Assistance Management System
Authors: Wagh Prajwal , Patil Kunal , Kosrabe Khushboo , Padole Prof. Chetan
Published: April 2024

Abstract: The "On Road Vehicle Breakdown Assistance" system is a pioneering solution designed to offer timely and reliable support to individuals facing mechanical issues with their vehicles, particularly in remote or unfamiliar locations. This innovative system connects registered users with a network of trustworthy, legally licensed, and approved mechanics. Unlike existing solutions with limited mechanic databases, this system provides users access to a comprehensive network of professionals. Real-time assistance and location-based mechanic searches enable users to swiftly address vehicular emergencies, promoting peace of mind and security. The "On Road Vehicle Breakdown Assistance" system is poised to redefine the way individuals receive mechanical help, making it more accessible, dependable, and user-centric.A standout feature of this system is its real-time assistance capabilities. Users can instantly request help for vehicle breakdowns or mechanical issues, significantly reducing response times. The system incorporates precise location-based searches, enabling users to identify and connect with mechanics in their vicinity. This functionality is invaluable, especially when users find themselves in remote or long-distant locations far from their regular mechanic shops.
Python Based End User Computing Framework to Empowering Excel Efficiency
Authors: Mansour Mohamed Fakhry , Aly Dr. Tarek , Gheith Prof. Mervat
Published: April 2024

Abstract: This paper delves into the integration of Excel with Python Figure 1, facilitated by the Django framework, aiming to empower the end user's capabilities. Organizations can establish a comprehensive platform for data-driven decision-making by leveraging the familiar interface of Excel and the robust data processing libraries of Python, alongside Django's web development features. The research outlines a seamless integration framework, elucidating the data extraction, analysis, and visualization process within Excel. Through a blend of case studies and practical examples across various domains, the effectiveness and versatility of this approach are demonstrated. The paper also explores the advantages and difficulties of using Django to integrate Excel with Python, providing advice on best practices for a smooth implementation.
An Enhanced System to Detect Cyberbullying and Automate Reporting on Twitter Using Text Based Pattern Recognition Technique
Authors: Sumathi Dr. P. , Marudhavanan Dhakshinya , Raghul M. , Rajarajan S. , Sivasaamy S.
Published: April 2024

Abstract: The increasing prevalence of cyberbullying on social media platforms necessitates effective detection and response mechanisms. This paper presents an enhanced system for detecting cyberbullying directed at politicians on Twitter and automating the reporting process. Utilizing advanced text-based pattern recognition techniques, the systePm identifies potentially harmful content and automatically reports it to a designated bot account for further action. We detail the system's architecture, the machine learning algorithms employed, and the performance of the system in terms of accuracy and speed. The proposed solution not only automates the detection and reporting processes but also contributes to safer online environments for politically active individuals.
A New Technology of Deep Learning for Brain Pathology using EEG
Authors: Rao B Bhaskara
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Deep learning and other machine learning technologies have paved the way for the emergence of autonomous lifesupporting systems. In this work, we offer an autonomous electroencephalogram (EEG) pathology detection approach based on deep learning. Brain signaling can be impacted by a variety of illnesses. Therefore, the brain impulses captured as EEG signals can be used to determine whether or not an individual has disease. In the proposed approach, the raw EEG data are transformed into a spatiotemporal representation. The spatiotemporal shape of the EEG signals is sent into a convolutional neural network (CNN) as input. Even though there are a lot of researchers in this field, there are a few issues that we addressed and got good outcomes for
Space Object Recognition Using Multi-modal Image Fusion and Stacking of CoAtNets
Authors: Chiluveri Vishnu
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Produced merged thermal images with RGB and depth images by using the CoAtNet model or stacked Convolutional and Attention Network, so as to give an improvement in performance to preserve the robustness all the time in different thermal conditions of space. The proposed research then extends the conventional RGB-depth fusion with thermal data to realize the role of thermal characteristics in the identification of material properties and operational status of space objects. This will allow for the very comprehensive capture of spatial and thermal features that are very essential in the differentiation of various space objects. By adding synchronized thermal, RGB, json, and depth images into the substantially enlarged dataset, it has now paved the way for a new class of multimodal fusion algorithms that can exploit the unique information each modality harbors. This work proposes an efficient deep learning fusion model based on all types of images to obtain improved feature representations. We show substantial increases in the classification performance under various illumination and temperature conditions by adapting the CoAtNet architecture to deal with the complexities of fused multi-modal input that is pivotal for space situational awareness.
Fine-Tuning Language Models for Enhanced Diagram Generation: A Deep Learning Approach
Authors: Mishra Moksh , Sheikh Samar , Tonpe Tosh
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant prowess in natural language understanding across diverse contexts. However, their performance in specialized do- mains often falls short due to a lack of domain-specific knowledge.In this paper, we present a novel approach named LLM-FD (Fine-tuned Diagrams) designed to enhance LLMs with the ability to generate diagrams, leveraging fine-tuning techniques to imbue themodel with domain-specific knowledge related to diagrammatic representation. Our methodology involves training on a dataset of annotated diagrams, enabling the model to synthesize andcomprehend complex diagrammatic structures. We evaluate the performance of LLM-FD on a series of diagram synthesis benchmarks, showcasing its proficiency in generating accurate and contextually relevant diagrams. Our findings underscore the potential of fine-tuning LLMs for diagrammatic tasks and high- light the significance of domain-specific knowledge incorporationin enhancing model capabilities. The implementation code and pretrained models are openly available to foster further research and application development in diagram synthesis tasks.
AURA-The Privacy Preserving Multifunctional Desktop Voice Assistant
Authors: Dhumal Aditi , Yadav Vishal , Dhere Aniket , Bagal Navnath
Published: April 2024

Abstract: The “AURA” is the project which proposes the development of the versatile desktop voice assistant which mainly focuses on the privacy of the user.The convenience of voice interaction has surged in popularity, but concerns about user privacy remain. Conventional cloud-based voice assistants raise anxieties regarding data collection, storage, and potential misuse. This survey paper explores the burgeoning field of privacy-preserving desktop voice assistants powered by Artificial Intelligence (AI). We delve into the core challenges of on-device speech recognition, natural language understanding, and response generation while maintaining user privacy. We conclude by outlining open research questions and future directions for this evolving field, paving the way for the development of secure and user-centric voice interaction experiences on desktops.
Investigation on Partial Replacement of Cement with Rice Husk Ash
Authors: Rao Dr. A. Krishna
Published: April 2024

Abstract: To reduce the amount of carbon-dioxide which is released by cement, we came up with the project “Investigation on Partial Replacement of Cement with Rice Husk Ash”. Due to wide use of cement the environmental pollution is increasing day by day, therefore the Rice Hush Ash contains different types of physical and chemical properties. Because Rice Husk Ash is an By-product and a waste material. The rice husk is converted into rice husk ash by burning in the temperature between 500-650 degree Celsius. Materials are used in the project are Cement, Rice Husk Ash, Coarse Aggregate, Fine Aggregate, Superplasticizer, Sodium Silicate (Na2Sio3) And Sodium Hydroxide (NAOH). Tests are performed in the project to determine strength of concrete are compression test, split tensile strength test, flexural strength test.
Insect Repellent Finish on Bamboo Fabric for Hijab Cap
Authors: A Shirin Murshitha , Kumar K. V. Arun , Devaki Dr. E.
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Wearing the hijab (a veil covering the hair and neck) can give the wearer a few discomforts. Some of it may be being more prone to mosquito attack due to its black color, increased sweating which can cause itchy scalp and lice infestation. To prevent this, one can wear a cap under the hijab that has good wicking property. For this reason, bamboo fiber is suitable in making the cap. It has in-built anti-bacterial properties. When bamboo fabric is treated with chrysanthemum extract, it can be an effective combination to overcome the above-mentioned problems and make the wearer comfortable. The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of bamboo fabric and chrysanthemum coronarium, including its characteristics, techniques of processing, and numerous textiles uses.
Village Connectivity
Authors: Pawar Priya S.
Published: April 2024

Abstract: The primary objective is to bridge the digital divide by ensuring access to affordable and reliable internet connectivity in rural area. The project aims to enhance economic opportunities in villages by promoting e-commerce, online education and digital services. It seeks to improve the overall quality of life in rural communities by enabling access to information, healthcare and government services. The Village Connectivity Project is a comprehensive initiative aim at improving the accessibility and connectivity of remote rural areas.
Development and application of the coverage path planning based on a biomimetic robotic fish
Authors: Liu Jincun , Zhao Jian , Liu Zhenna , Liu Yang , Ren Yinjie , Dong * , Wei Yaoguang
Published: April 2024

This paper studies the coverage path planning and path following
problems for an underwater biomimetic robotic fish to finish the
deep-sea net cage water quality monitoring. Firstly, with a focus on
minimizing total path length, repetition rate, and turning occurrences
to enhance path coverage efficiency and reduce energy consumption, we
propose a novel coverage path planning strategy. This strategy
incorporates DQN, a reward function, and a rewrite strategy inspired by
RRT*. Secondly, a high-performance path-following method, which takes
into account robot performance, is designed to cope with adverse
conditions in net cages. Finally, the simulation and field experiments
demonstrate significant improvements over existing methods and the
effectiveness in practical applications, showcasing its applicability in
aquaculture management. The proposed algorithm offers valuable insights
into optimizing coverage path planning for underwater robots in
practical scenarios.
Study on pseudospark switch with high repetition frequency with double-pulse triggering
Authors: wj d , Feng Jinjun
Published: April 2024

The pseudospark switch works in the left branch of Paschen curve with
low gas pressure, which has the advantage of short electrode breakdown
time (<10ns), large pulse current (>100kA), and
long lifetime, etc. High pulse repetition frequency (PRF) pseudospark
switch has important applications in food processing, sewage treatment,
high energy laser system, sonar syste, and other fields, the pseudospark
switch with a PRF of kHz-level is needed. This paper focuses on the
pseudospark switch with double-pulse trigger structure, and the
corresponding relationship between the two trigger voltages and current
is calculated respectively, and the influence of the two pulses on the
trigger process is analyzed. Then the pseudospark switch with this
structure is tested with the anode voltage of 10kV for different voltage
and gas pressure. The results show that the minimum trigger voltage is
only 100V, and the switch can work stably with high repetition
frequency.
Association Between Vertigo and Hearing Prognosis in Patients with Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Kai , Luo Xilei , Zhou Li , Shao Fangqiong , Xiong Peizheng , Song Ningying
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTObjective. Our aim was to explore the
relationship between vertigo symptoms and the prognosis of hearing
indicators in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss.
Data Source. Eligible studies were identified from the
“PubMed”, “EMBASE”, and “Web of Science” databases from January
2000 to September 2023. Study Selection. Studies were selected
from all original and retrospective or prospective studies that focused
on the relationship between vertigo and hearing prognosis in patients
with sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Data Extraction and
Synthesis. Observational metrics for data extraction included type of
study, number of subjects with or without vertigo, treatment regimen,
definition of pure tone hearing thresholds, criteria for hearing
improvement, treatment duration, follow-up time, and age distribution of
subjects. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 15 software.
Main Outcome and Measure. Association of vertigo symptoms and the
prognosis of hearing indicators in patients with sudden sensorineural
hearing loss. Results.A total of 4290 patients with sudden
sensorineural hearing loss were identified in 23 studies. The hearing
recovery rate was 40.8% in the group with vertigo and 53.76% in the
group without vertigo. Vertigo was significantly associated with poorer
hearing recovery (OR = 2.13; 95% CI, 1.63-2.79; I =
68.3%). Subgroup analyses revealed similar results for medication
(OR=2.65; 95% CI, 1.84-3.83; I = 50.8%). However,
an attenuated association between vertigo and the prognosis of sudden
sensorineural hearing loss was observed in the subgroups treated with
drugs combined with hyperbaric chambers (OR= 1.76; 95% CI, 0.75-4.15; I
= 84.9%) and drugs combined with intratympanic
injections (OR= 1.62; 95% CI, 1.02-2.58; I =
65.6%). Conclusions and Relevance. Our study suggested that
vertigo may be a negative factor in sudden sensorineural hearing
loss.Based on the results of the subgroup analysis,the combined
treatment regimen has better efficacy in patients with sudden
sensorineural hearing loss with vertigo.
The Role of Analytical Methods in Verifying Biodiesel Upgrades: Emphasis on Nanoparticle and Acetone Integration for Enhanced Performance, Combustion, and Emissions
Authors: Deviren Halis , Çılğın Erdal , Bayındır Hasan
Published: April 2024

This study is motivated by the challenges of global warming and energy
issues, as well as the need to overcome the difficulties in injection
and combustion that lead to high NOx emissions, to encourage research on
improving the physicochemical properties of biodiesel as an alternative
diesel fuel. In this context, the effects of adding acetone and
magnesium oxide (MgO) as additives to the fuel obtained by blending
biodiesel, produced from Pistacia terebinthus oil - a naturally
occurring oil in Turkey notable for its high content of free fatty
acids, renewable but non-edible, with diesel fuel, on engine
performance, combustion, and emissions have been examined. Nanoparticles
and acetone were used as additives in a blend of 80% diesel and 20%
biodiesel (B20), and their effects on combustion parameters were
evaluated. The fuels obtained by adding acetone and acetone + MgO
resulted in decreases in the rate of pressure rise, instantaneous energy
release rate, cylinder pressure, average gas temperature, and cumulative
heat release rate. Regarding performance parameters, a general trend of
increase in specific fuel consumption was observed, while a general
trend of decrease was noted in brake thermal efficiency. CO emissions
showed a reduction of 6.65% in the B20 fuel mixture with added acetone
and 2.10% in the fuel mixture with added acetone + MgO compared to
diesel fuel. Additionally, the inclusion of only acetone to the B20 fuel
resulted in a 41.64% decrease in NOx emissions, while the addition of
acetone + MgO resulted in a 46.03% decrease, but led to a 26.48%
increase in HC emissions. These results demonstrate that improved
biodiesel formulations have the potential to offer a viable alternative
to traditional diesel fuel while addressing energy and environmental
challenges.
Simulating aerosol-radiation effects on subseasonal prediction using the coupled Unified Forecast System and CCPP-Chem: prescribed aerosol climatology versus interactive aerosol model
Authors: Sun Shan , Grell Georg A. A. , Zhang Li (Kate) , Wang Siyuan , Heinzeller Dominikus , Li Haiqin , Meixner Jessica , Bhattacharjee Partha Sarathi , Henderson Judy
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the effects of aerosol-radiation interaction on
subseasonal prediction using the Unified Forecast System (UFS) with an
ocean, a sea ice and a wave component, coupled to an aerosol component.
The aerosol component is from the current NOAA operational
GEFSv12-Aerosols model, which includes the GOCART aerosol modules
simulating sulfate, dust, black carbon, organic carbon, and sea-salt.
The modeled aerosol optical depth (AOD) is compared to reanalysis from
Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version
2 (MERRA2) and observations from Moderate Resolution Imaging
Spectro-radiometer (MODIS) satellite andAtmospheric Tomography (ATom)
aircraft. Despite biases primarily in dust and sea salt, a good
agreement in AOD is achieved globally. The simulated radiative forcing
(RF) from the total aerosols at the top of the atmosphere is
approximately -2.5 W/m2 or -16 W/m2 per unit AOD globally. This is
consistent with previous studies.

In subsequent simulations, prognostic aerosol component is substituted
with climatological aerosol concentrations derived from initial
experiments. While regional differences in RF are noticeable in specific
events between these two experiments, the resulting RF, surface
temperature, geopotential height at 500 hPa and precipitation, show
similarities in multi-year subseasonal applications. This suggests that
given the current capacities of the aerosol modeling, adopting a
climatology of aerosol concentrations as a cost-effective substitute for
the intricate aerosol module may be a practical approach for subseasonal
applications.
Nitrogen Fixation at Paleo-Mars in Icy Climates
Authors: Adams Danica , Kleinböhl Armin , Mills Franklin P , Shia Run-Lie , Li King-Fai , Wordsworth Robin , Yung Yuk
Published: April 2024

Recent findings by the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) have confirmed the
presence of nitrates near Gale Crater on Mars. In this work, we consider
the formation and deposition of HNOx species in cold early Mars
climates. We find that solar energetic particles could facilitate
nitrogen fixation by photochemically generating pernitric and nitric
acid, which then deposit onto icy particles that settle onto Mars’
surface. This study demonstrates that such deposition would be more
efficient under higher atmospheric pressures, consistent with Mars’
ancient atmosphere, and could account for the nitrate levels detected by
the MSL. We find a more rapid deposition rate for pernitric acid over
nitric acid (in agreement with Smith et al., 2014), and a significant
enhancement of deposition rates through consideration of deposition onto
icy particles. This distinction could be crucial for interpreting the
MSL data.
Extending GLUE with Multilevel Methods to Accelerate Statistical Inversion of Hydrological Models
Authors: Rudolph Max Gustav , Wöhling Thomas , Wagener Thorsten , Hartmann Andreas
Published: April 2024

Inverse problems are ubiquitous in hydrological modelling for parameter
estimation, system understanding, sustainable water resources
management, and the operation of digital twins. While statistical
inversion is especially popular, its sampling-based nature often
inhibits its application to computationally costly models, which has
compromised the use of the Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation
(GLUE) methodology, e.g., for spatially distributed (partial)
differential equation based models. In this study we introduce
multilevel GLUE (MLGLUE), which alleviates the computational burden of
statistical inversion by utilizing a hierarchy of model resolutions.
Inspired by multilevel Monte Carlo, most parameter samples are evaluated
on lower levels with computationally cheap low-resolution models and
only samples associated with a likelihood above a certain threshold are
subsequently passed to higher levels with costly high-resolution models
for evaluation. Inferences are made at the level of the
highest-resolution model but substantial computational savings are
achieved by discarding samples with low likelihood already on levels
with low resolution and low computational cost. Two example inverse
problems, using a rainfall-runoff model and groundwater flow model,
demonstrate the substantially increased computational efficiency of
MLGLUE compared to GLUE as well as the similarity of inversion results.
Findings are furthermore compared to inversion results from Markov-chain
Monte Carlo (MCMC) and multilevel delayed acceptance MCMC, a
corresponding multilevel variant, to compare the effects of the
multilevel extension. All examples demonstrate the wide-range
suitability of the approach and include guidelines for practical
applications.
Deep-marine brine seeps stimulate microbial nitrogen cycling: implications for the formation of sediment-hosted ore deposits
Authors: Stueeken Eva , Long Annabel , Rochelle-Bates Nathan , Teske Andreas
Published: April 2024

Deep-marine brine seeps in the modern ocean are considered analogues for
settings that favoured the formation of sedimentary-exhalative zinc and
lead deposits in deep time. Microbial activity plays an important role
in the accumulation of ore minerals, meaning that the extent of
mineralization is at least indirectly dependent on nutrient fluxes.
Here, we investigated the biogeochemical nitrogen cycle in shallow
(15-50 cm) sediment cores from the Orca Basin brine pool and surrounding
sites, as well as from an active brine seep area near Dead Crab Lake in
the Gulf of Mexico, with the aim of constraining the effect of brine
seepage on this bio-essential element. We find high porewater ammonium
concentrations in the millimolar range, paired with elevated ratios of
organic carbon to nitrogen in sediments, which confirm previous
hypotheses that the brine recycles ammonium from sedimentary strata back
into the water column. Within Orca Basin, we note tentative evidence of
microbial ammonium utilization. At the active seep, ammonium is mixed
into the overlying water column and likely undergoes oxidation. Isotopic
data from sediments and dissolved ammonium, paired with previously
published genomic data, suggest the presence of dissimilatory nitrate
reduction to ammonium (DNRA) at the brine-seawater interface. We
conclude that brine seeps can stimulate biological nitrogen metabolisms
in multiple ways. Our results may help calibrate studies of
biogeochemical cycles around brine seeps that are archived in the rock
record.
Methylglyoxal adducts are prognostic biomarkers for diabetic kidney disease in patients with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Wai Tsuen Lai Seigmund , Hernandez-Castillo Carlos , De Jesus Lopez Gonzalez Edwin , Zoukari Tala , Talley Min , Paquin Nadia , Chen Zhuo , O. Roep Bart , S. Kaddis John , Natarajan Rama , Termini John , C. Shuck Sarah
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Over 30% of patients with type 1 diabetes develop diabetic kidney disease (DKD), significantly increasing mortality risk. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) and follow-up study Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) established that glycemic control measured by HbA1c predicts DKD risk. However, the continued high incidence of DKD reinforces the urgent need for additional biomarkers to supplement HbA1c. Here, we assessed biomarkers induced by methylglyoxal (MG), a metabolic by-product that forms covalent adducts on DNA, RNA, and protein called MG-adducts. Urinary MG-adducts were measured from patients with type 1 diabetes enrolled in DCCT/EDIC who did (cases, n=90) or did not (controls, n=117) develop DKD. Univariate and multivariable analysis revealed that measurements of MG-adducts independently predict DKD, even before established DKD biomarkers such as glomerular filtration rate and albumin excretion rate. Elevated levels of MG-adducts bestowed the greatest risk of developing DKD in a multivariable model that included HbA1c and other clinical covariates. Our work establishes a novel class of biomarkers to predict DKD risk and suggests that inclusion of MG-adducts may be a valuable tool to improve existing predictors of complications like DKD prior to overt disease to aid in identifying at-risk individuals and personalized risk management.

Article Highlights

· Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a significant source of mortality in patients with type 1 diabetes, and there is an unmet need to identify novel biomarkers to predict DKD.

· We sought to elucidate if methylglyoxal adducts, which are a marker of altered metabolism, have predictive utility for DKD in patients with type 1 diabetes.

· We found that methylglyoxal adducts predict the risk of DKD at least 16 years pre-diagnosis.

· Our data presents a novel class of biomarkers with potential utility for predicting DKD risk to supplement existing tools such as HbA1c, AER, and GFR.
Neue Geneva Unterlagen im Großraum Trentino Südtirol
Authors: Höller Irene , Pasqualini Jonathan , Guerra Walter
Published: April 2024

Neben den bekannten Apfelunterlagen G 11 und G 41 wurden neuere Geneva Unterlagen im Großraum Trentino Südtirol in unterschiedlichen Höhenlagen auf deren Anbaueignung geprüft. An der Fragsburg (700 m ü. NN), in Maso Parti (210 m ü. NN) und in Spagolle (420 m ü. NN) wurden CG 3001, CG 2034, G 935 und G 969 in Kombination mit Golden Delicious untersucht, auch hinsichtlich deren Toleranz gegenüber Bodenmüdigkeit. Eine engere Auswahl an Unterlagen wurden mit Red Delicious Spur an der Fragsburg, am Versuchszentrum Laimburg (220 m ü. NN) und in Spagolle gepflanzt. G 41, G 935 und G 969 zeigten im Vergleich zu M 9 T337 und M 26 höhere Baumerträge und ein stärkeres Wachstum, was unter bodenmüden Bedingungen, in höheren Lagen mit Wachstumsdefiziten oder in Zusammenhang mit schwachwüchsigen Sorten wie Red Delicious Spur interessant sein kann. G 41 und G 969 übten bei Golden Delicious zudem einen positiven Einfluss auf die Fruchtgröße aus. Die Unterlagen CG 3001 und CG 2034 sind in Wachstum und Ertrag tendenziell schwächer als G 935 und G 969. G 11 war mit Red Delicious tendenziell wüchsiger und ertragreicher als M 9 Pajam 2. Alle Unterlagen der Geneva Serie bilden kaum Wurzelfelder und -schosse aus. Obwohl bei Weitem noch nicht alle Fragen zu der neuen Serie an Geneva Unterlagen geklärt sind, könnten diese Unterlagen für bestimmte Situationen zukünftig eine Alternative zu M 9 darstellen.
Exploring Fruit Peels for Eco-Friendly Bio-Enzymes: Synthesis, Properties, and Sustainable Applications
Authors: N Sahu
Published: April 2024

Current work focuses on the production of bio-enzymes derived from fruit peels, specifically orange, banana, lemon, pineapple, and pomegranate, employing a meticulous three-month fermentation process. The resulting bio-enzymes exhibit substantial antibacterial and antioxidant properties, offering diverse applications in eco-friendly domains such as disinfectants, organic fertilizers, and cleaning agents. A comprehensive evaluation encompasses physicochemical properties, enzymatic activity, and antibacterial efficacy, providing insights into their effectiveness against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The significance of utilizing fruit waste for bio-enzyme synthesis aligns with sustainable practices, contributing to environmental conservation and waste reduction objectives. The study underscores the versatility of these bio-enzymes, emphasizing their potential impact on various industries, from agriculture to household cleaning. Overall, this research not only contributes valuable insights into the synthesis and properties of bio-enzymes from fruit peels but also advocates for the adoption of environmentally conscious practices by repurposing agricultural by-products for sustainable and multifaceted applications.
Representasi Kemiskinan pada Zaman Edo dalam Lirik Warabeuta Berjudul Hana Ichi Monme: Kajian Semiotika Roland Barthes
Authors: Febryan Ariefandi  , Aprillia Firmonasari
Published: April 2024

Hana Ichi Monme ‘Satu Bunga Satu Monme’ adalah lagu tradisional anak Jepang yang keberadaaanya diperkirakan sudah ada sejak zaman Edo dan diperkenalkan secara turun temurun. Lagu ini menceritakan cara bermain dari permainan anak dengan judul yang sama. Menariknya, meski lagu ini bercerita tentang permainan anak, lirik penyusun lagunya terkesan samar. Diksi yang digunakan pun berpotensi memiliki makna ganda, yang dapat bermakna negatif maupun positif, tergantung dari perspektif mana kita memaknainya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji lebih dalam makna yang terkandung dari liri lagu Hana Ichi Monme. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan semiotika. Untuk mengkaji datanya digunakan teori semiotika Roland Barthes. Melalui proses pemaknaan denotatif, konotatif dan mitos, diperoleh hasil bahwa lagu ini merepresentasikan kemiskinan pada zaman Edo. Representasi kemiskinan ini terwujud pada praktik jual beli anak gadis yang dilakukan oleh orang tua atau keluarga pada zaman itu agar terbebas dari belenggu hutang.