bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The MAVERIC Survey: Radio Catalogs and Source Counts from Deep Very Large Array Imaging of 25 Galactic Globular Clusters
Authors: Shishkovsky Laura , Strader Jay , Chomiuk Laura , Tremou Evangelia , Tudor Vlad , Miller-Jones James C. A. , Bahramian Arash , Heinke Craig O. , Maccarone Thomas J. , Sivakoff Gregory R.
Published: November 2020

The MAVERIC survey is the first deep radio continuum imaging survey of Milky Way globular clusters, with a central goal of finding and classifying accreting compact binaries, including stellar-mass black holes. Here we present radio source catalogs for 25 clusters with ultra-deep Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array observations. The median observing time was 10 hr per cluster, resulting in typical rms sensitivities of 2.3 and 2.1 μJy per beam at central frequencies of 5.0 and 7.2 GHz, respectively. We detect nearly 1300 sources in our survey at 5σ, and while many of these are likely to be background sources, we also find strong evidence for an excess of radio sources in some clusters. The radio spectral index distribution of sources in the cluster cores differs from the background, and shows a bimodal distribution. We tentatively classify the steep-spectrum sources (those much brighter at 5.0 GHz) as millisecond pulsars and the flat-spectrum sources as compact or other kinds of binaries. These provisional classifications will be solidified with the future addition of X-ray and optical data. The outer regions of our images represent a deep, relatively wide-field (∼0.4 deg2) and high-resolution C band background survey, and we present source counts calculated for this area. We also release radio continuum images for these 25 clusters to the community.
Fluctuation Amplitudes of Magnetic-field Directional Turnings and Magnetic-velocity Alignment Structures in the Solar Wind
Authors: Wang Xin , Tu Chuanyi , He Jiansen
Published: November 2020

Magnetic-field directional turning (MFDT) and magnetic-velocity alignment structure (MVAS) are two typical types of structures in the solar wind. However, their fluctuation amplitudes in different turbulence states have not been studied before. Here, we present the amplitude distributions of MFDTs and MVASs in the

plane, where

is the correlation coefficient between magnetic-field and velocity fluctuations multiplied by the sign of the x component of the mean field in geocentric solar ecliptic coordinates, and σ

r
is normalized residual energy. Measurements from the WIND spacecraft in the slow solar wind during 2005–2009 are used for the analysis. The data are cut into intervals with duration of 6 minutes, and the intervals that are nearly incompressible are selected for analysis. We find that for the fluctuations with

and −1 < σ

r
 < −0.6, which are considered to be associated with MFDTs, the level contours of the pixel average amplitude of magnetic-field fluctuations in the plane show a horizontal-stripe feature with approximately

km s−1 in Alfvén units. For the fluctuations with

and −0.9 < σ

r
 < −0.2, which are considered to be associated with MVASs, the level contours of the pixel average amplitude of velocity fluctuations show a vertical stripe feature with approximately

km s−1. Consequently, the level contours of the pixel average amplitudes of Elsässer variables

show “U” and “W” shapes, respectively. These results will help us to understand the nature of the fluctuations in the solar wind.
TESS Photometry of the Precataclysmic Variable Wolf 1130AB
Authors: Honaker Easton J. , Mace Gregory N. , Han Eunkyu , Hussaini Maryam , Lubar Emily
Published: November 2020

Wolf 1130 is a triple system containing an ultramassive white dwarf (Wolf 1130B), an M subdwarf (Wolf 1130A) and a T8 subdwarf (Wolf 1130C). We set out to determine a precise mass for Wolf 1130B by phase-folding TESS photometry to the previously reported orbital period. Each orbit was fit for ellipsoidal, Doppler beaming, and thermal photometric variability. We found that the measured beaming amplitude of Wolf 1130AB is nearly triple the theoretical expectation, which we assign to the short-wavelength filter cutoff of TESS and features in the M subdwarf spectrum. The photometric amplitudes suggest inflation of Wolf 1130A by as much as 20%, possibly due to its rapid rotation under tidal locking. TESS photometry can be used to obtain masses for short-period binary systems, but photometric precision limits the utility in the case of Wolf 1130AB.
A Photometric Hα Survey of the Open Cluster M29
Authors: Schmidtke Paul , Hunter Tim
Published: November 2020

Photometric B, V, R, and Hα observations of the young open cluster M29 have been used to search for emission-line stars. Four stars with prominent Hα emission are identified. One of these may be a Herbig AeBe star that shows significant variation in emission strength during the four-month observing interval.
The chiggerflea Hectopsylla pulex (Siphonaptera: Tungidae): infestation on Molossus molossus (Chiroptera: Molossidae) in the Central Andes of Colombia
Authors: Ramírez-Chaves Héctor E. , Tamayo-Zuluaga Andrés Fernando , Henao-Osorio Jose J. , Cardona-Giraldo Alexandra , Ossa-López Paula A. , Rivera-Páez Fredy A.
Published: November 2020

Some species of mastiff bats, Molossus Geoffroy, 1805, inhabit human shelters such as houses and barns. Among them, the Pallas’s mastiff bat, Molossus molossus Pallas, 1766, is the most common species in South America. There are a few studies on this bat in Colombia, mostly on colony size, diet, ectoparasite records, and activity patterns in the Andean and Caribbean regions. Here, we provide information on the prevalence of chiggerfleas, Hectopsylla pulex (Haller, 1880), on M. molossus, along with molecular data on the flea, and its distribution in Colombia. In addition, we describe the size and sex ratio of the infested bat colony, located in the central Andes of Colombia. The bat colony was represented by ca. 45 individuals, of which 33 were captured. The colony had more females (25 individuals) than males (8 individuals). A total of four Pallas’s mastiff bats had chiggerfleas, H. pulex, most of which were attached to the bat’s faces and ears. The composition of the colony (sex ratio) and the observed activity times match those reported for other colonies of the species in Colombia. The cytochrome oxidase subunit 1, and the 12S rRNA mitochondrial gene obtained from H. pulex represent the second and first available sequences for the species, respectively. The level of infestation of individuals in the colony was low, similar to that observed in other South American countries, such as Brazil. Finally, the new locality is the seventh confirmed and the highest elevational record of H. pulex in Colombia.
Groupe d'avocats (droit du travail)
Authors: Hardouin Véronique , Jean Pierre-Emmanuel , Maréchal Delphine
Published: November 2020

Le droit du travail a une singularité incontestable qui tient aux types de conflits qu'il traite, aux particularités de la juridiction prud'homale et à la hiérarchie spécifique des règles de droit. Les modifications récentes de ce domaine ont changé les conditions d'exercice de la profession d'avocat. Véronique Hardouin, Pierre-Emmanuel Jean et Delphine Maréchal, tous les trois avocats au barreau de Paris, rendent compte de la place tout à fait privilégiée de la négociation en droit du travail que ce soit à l'occasion de la rupture du contrat de travail ou pour les accords collectifs. Ils nous montrent l'utilité d'être formé aux techniques de négociation telles que l'écoute active ou la négociation raisonnée, malgré les crispations qui se rencontrent dans la pratique par rapport aux modes alternatifs de résolution des litiges. Ils nous aident à prendre la mesure des nouveaux rapports qui se mettent parfois en place entre les avocats, leurs clients, les juges, leurs confrères et leurs adversaires.
Les juridictions face à la pandémie de Covid-19
Authors: Jean Jean-Paul
Published: November 2020

Les systèmes judiciaires des pays frappés par la pandémie de Covid-19 ont dû adapter les uns après les autres leur fonctionnement du fait des contraintes du confinement et de l'ensemble des précautions sanitaires prises pour freiner la propagation du virus. La Commission européenne pour l'efficacité de la justice (CEPEJ), pour le Conseil de l'Europe, a dressé un premier bilan des adaptations effectuées par les juridictions dans leurs modes d'organisation, les priorités dégagées, l'utilisation des nouvelles technologies et les garanties du procès équitable. La gestion des ressources humaines au sein des juridictions, les rapports avec les avocats, l'attention portée aux justiciables sont aussi au premier rang des recommandations adoptées par le Conseil de l'Europe.
Épigramme et identité étrangère en Eubée : entre disparition des traits locaux et développement de langues de genre
Authors: Dell’Oro Francesca
Published: November 2020

Dans cette contribution on aborde la question de la manière dont des étrangers ont exprimé leur altérité à travers des moyens linguistiques (alphabet, dialecte, adjectifs indiquant la provenance, etc.) dans les épigrammes épigraphiques au fil des siècles. Comme première étude de cas, on a choisi l’Eubée antique. Cette région offre sur un total de 38 épigrammes un sous-corpus de 8 poèmes (funéraires) pour lesquels l’origine étrangère des défunts est explicitée. Si, dans les inscriptions les plus anciennes (v e  siècle av. J.-C.), alphabets et dialectes semblent être chargés d’une valeur identitaire, la disparition ultérieure des traits locaux n’est pas compensée par un autre moyen d’expression de l’identité locale et culturelle dans les siècles suivants. À l’époque hellénistique, l’épigramme acquiert véritablement la dimension d’un genre littéraire et les dialectes ont commencé à être utilisés comme l’une des caractéristiques de ce genre. Bien que ces traits dialectaux aient pu être employés pour exprimer l’identité, nous n’avons pas d’exemples de cette pratique dans le corpus.
Quand le recensement comptait les Français musulmans
Authors: Escafré-Dublet Angéline , Kesztenbaum Lionel , Simon Patrick
Published: November 2020

En période de forte demande de main d’œuvre, mais aussi et surtout parce que leur statut de citoyen de l’Union française leur donne la libre circulation depuis 1946, de nombreux Algériens se rendent en France après la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Or cette migration nourrit les inquiétudes des pouvoirs publics et les expose à un ensemble de traitements spécifiques – le plus souvent discriminatoires – l’un d’entre eux étant leur identification dans le recensement, principale source de connaissance statistique des populations. En dérogation à la loi et au cadre égalitaire métropolitain, l’Insee met en œuvre, en 1954 et 1962, une méthode de reconnaissance onomastique pour distinguer les Algériens présents en France – dont la catégorie administrative la plus utilisée est « Français musulmans d’Algérie » – alors même que leur statut juridique est identique à celui des autres Français, et ainsi constituer des statistiques ethno-religieuses, en rupture avec les usages en matière de recensement.
Expertise, indicateurs de qualité et rationalisation de l’hôpital : le pouvoir discret de la « nébuleuse intégratrice »
Authors: Bertillot Hugo
Published: November 2020

Dans l’ombre du déploiement d’instruments inspirés des logiques du New Public Management , des indicateurs conçus pour évaluer la qualité hospitalière se sont généralisés depuis une quinzaine d’années. Cet article est centré sur le travail de légitimation de ces indicateurs par divers experts : chercheurs en gestion, experts au sein des fédérations hospitalières, de sociétés savantes médicales ou d’organismes régionaux d’évaluation. Situés à l’interface de l’administration hospitalière et des mondes hospitaliers locaux, ces experts constituent une nébuleuse interconnectée d’acteurs multi-positionnés, qui a contribué activement à l’intégration institutionnelle du secteur.
Health Disparities in Black Patients with Severe Mental Illness and the Role of Structural Racism
Authors: Asonye Uzoamaka , Apping Nicholas , Lopez Leonardo V. , Popeo Dennis M.
Published: November 2020

Black patients with severe mental illness (SMI) experience health disparities when compared to White patients. These disparities include differences in the availability of culturally appropriate, affordable care; a disproportionate diagnosis of psychotic illnesses; differential and inequitable access to certain medications and treatments; and a decreased likelihood of being referred to higher-quality, evidence-based after-care programming. These disparities are not due to Black people being “sicker,” but instead are due to implicit bias and structural racism. In this article, we describe the health disparities that Black patients with SMI suffer in access to mental health care, diagnosis, treatment, and aftercare. We discuss the origins of these disparities and some ways that each of us can combat them in our day-to-day practice.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2020;50(11):483–488.]
Systemic Racism and Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Farahmand Pantea , Arshed Arslaan , Bradley Mark V.
Published: November 2020

Increasing attention to systemic racism in the United States in all aspects of life has sharpened focus on its effects on the health outcomes of Black, Latinx, and Indigenous populations. Racial disparities in substance use disorders remain a significant public health problem in mental health, and psychiatrists require sufficient knowledge and awareness to help address these disparities. First, this article reviews evidence of racial disparities in substance use disorders. We then discuss the historical and legal foundations of systemic racism and substance use disorder disparities and explore research examining the role of systemic racism in substance use disorder outcomes on structural and individual levels. Finally, we discuss recommendations for providing substance use disorder care in a more racially equitable manner.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2020;50(11):494–498.]
All-Polyethylene Tibia: An Opportunity for Value-Based Care in Bundled Reimbursement Initiatives
Authors: Ryan Sean P. , Steele John R. , Plate Johannes F. , Attarian David E. , Seyler Thorsten M. , Bolognesi Michael P. , Wellman Samuel S.
Published: November 2020

Surgeons play a critical role in making cost-effective decisions that maintain high-quality patient outcomes, which is the current focus of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. All-polyethylene tibial (APT) components often cost less during total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The authors sought to determine the relative cost savings of APT, as well as their effect on 90-day quality outcome metrics. This was a retrospective review of primary TKAs performed at a single tertiary referral center participating in the Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement model, by 2 surgeons, from 2015 to 2017. Patient demographic data and direct hospital costs were collected, and patients were stratified by APTs vs metal-backed components. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed for all outcome metrics. A total of 188 primary TKAs were included (92 APT, 96 metal-backed). Patients receiving APT components were older (
P
<.001) and had a lower body mass index (
P
<.001), but there was no difference in sex or American Society of Anesthesiologists score between groups. Operative time was significantly less (mean, 13 minutes) and direct surgery costs were significantly lower for APTs (
P
<.001). A multivariable regression model for surgical costs demonstrated significant savings (
P
<.001), and total hospital cost demonstrated a 6.2% average savings with APT. There was no difference in 90-day emergency department visits or re-admissions. This study demonstrates that the use of an APT is able to significantly affect not only the surgical cost but also the total hospital admission cost while maintaining equivalent 90-day outcome metrics. Strategies like this should be considered in appropriately selected patients as the incidence of TKA continues to expand. [
Orthopedics
. 2021;44(1):e114–e118.]
E-Commerce
Authors: Omambia Andrew
Published: November 2020

Use of ecommerce technologies have been on the rise in the recent past mostly because they provide access point to the world market competitively and offer a means to which efficiency in the way of conducting business is maintained. Whereas all those benefits sound good and entice so many users to venture into this technology, ecommerce technological trust and security services are on the weighing scale and these two factors are perceived to be the most important factors that affect users' intentions to use ecommerce technologies. Considering the rise of cyber-crime activities in the world and hearing of sad stories of cybercrime offenses particularly in developing countries, this chapter then investigates the challenges of ecommerce and how such challenges have posed serious setbacks in regard to the use and adoption of ecommerce and suggest solutions to curb this challenges for the betterment of global trade and efficiency in way business is conducted through such platform. The recommendations from this study will go a long way to inspires ecommerce technology developers to incorporate secure features that can ensure confidence of use from the users' side.
Smart Ideas for Smart City Development
Authors: Omambia Andrew
Published: November 2020

The concept of smart city is a burgeoning strategy that is fast becoming popular as a strategy that will be able to mitigate the problems emanating from the uncontrolled population growth and urbanization. Academicians have turned their attention to the smart city concept, but an in-depth understanding of the concept is still required. There is a dearth of information on the concept and hence the phenomenon is not well understood. This study, therefore, aims to fill the gap in literature regarding smart cities and propose a framework for grasping the concept further. Based on exploratory studies on the concept of smart cities, this chapter focusses on nine key factors that will form the framework for smart cities and the smart cities initiatives. These nine critical factors include the management, organization governance, technology, people, policy, economy, natural environment, built environment, and the implications of big data on smart cities. These factors provide the basis for the development of an integrative framework that can be employed to examine the manner in which governments around the world, including Kenya, are envisioning smart city initiatives. The framework provides the agendas and directions for smart approaches that can be implemented in cities and a road map for the attainment of smart cities.
Role of Smart Metering and Implementation Issues in Smart Grid
Authors: Maruthakutti Maheswari , Nachimuthu Loganathan , N. Suthanthira Vanitha
Published: November 2020

Smart grid provides the digital technology that allows for two-way communication between the utility and the customers. The smart grid consists of controls, computers, automation, and new technologies and equipment working together. The smart grid will move the energy industry into a new era of reliability, availability, and efficiency with economic and environmental health. A smart meter plays a major role in the smart grid and it is an electronic device that measures and records the energy consumption. It enables two-way communication between the meter and the supplier through advanced metering infrastructure (AMI). The mode of communication is enabled by either wireless or wired. The wireless communication includes Wi-Fi, wireless mesh networks, Zig Bee, cellular communications, and low power range Wi-Fi. This chapter deliberates about the evolution of electricity metering, major components of smart meter, communication infrastructure and protocols for smart metering, demand-side integration, recent developments, issues faced and solutions, merits and demerits.
Google Earth Engine-Based Visual/Qualitative Investigation on Urbanization
Authors: Ayub Muhammad Ashar , Farooqi Zia Ur Rahman , Umar Wajid , Nadeem Muhammad , Ali Tasawar , Fatima Hina , Ahmad Zahoor , Arshad Muhammad Naveed
Published: November 2020

An increase in the global population has led to a net shift of the global community to move towards cities from per-urban and village areas due to various reasons. This population pressure has made a net expansion of cities over time making urban-periurban fringe quite non-distinguishable in past decades. Especially in developing countries, these cities' expansion is often done on agricultural lands resulting in fast depletion of the most important natural resource responsible for feeding the globe. Google Earth Engine is an open access multi-functional remote sensing platform that can be effectively used to monitor urban sprawls. In this chapter, after a brief introduction of urbanization, google earth engine-based investigation is presented to visualize urban sprawl patterns in Beijing China. Visual presentation and high spatial resolution of google earth engine have proven to be very beneficial in this regard and the author strongly recommends using it for quick multi temporal urbanization study.
Globalization/Liberalization and Poverty Level in Africa
Authors: Amah Okechukwu Ethelbert
Published: November 2020

Despite the flow of foreign direct investment into Africa, there was low human development. Leadership was established as the missing link between high level of globalization in Africa and low economic development. The chapter established the role played by leadership in the relationship between globalization and poverty level in Africa. The chapter postulates that it was time the question of African leadership was directed to the hidden causes of poor leadership behavior instead of the ineffective means of seeking a surface change of leadership style without changing the underlying causes. African leadership mindset was positioned into four quadrants, which accounted for the dark and the bright side of leadership in Africa. Also, it was argued that by changing the African leadership mindset to growth/external mindset, leadership behaviors could be transformed to drive change in structure and management to obtain the gains of globalization.
The Economic Impact of Globalization and Internationalization on Minority Immigrant Graduates
Authors: Withanachchi Schiro
Published: November 2020

Globalization facilitates organizational expansion overseas and global workforce challenges. The key may be to understand which labor force characteristics increase economic efficiency. In turn, higher education institutions may need to incorporate industry's need for international interaction into strategic visions. Evidence-based research was conducted using Queens College, the City University of New York, as a case study to understand how internationalization of higher education enhanced economic success of minority immigrant graduates in the United States who were employed across industries. Primary sources included a survey of 524 alumni and group discussions with diverse undergraduates. The results discovered that the employment status and wage, of minority immigrant graduates, were positively impacted when they were exposed to globalized curriculums. This indicates that specific pre-labor market attributes increase economic success of this community and produce international scholars who transfer experiences into career skills that positively impact multinational businesses.
The Effects of Globalization on Turkish Public Financial Management and Budget Process
Authors: Küçükaycan Durdane , Gungor Goksu Gonca
Published: November 2020

The effects of globalization in the economic, political, and social life have deeply changed the roles of states, and in this process of change, the new management approach has become a current issue within public financial management. Some important principles such as fiscal transparency, accountability, efficiency, effectiveness, and economy have been given importance in the public sector, and middle-terms budgeting, strategic planning, performance management, performance indicators, annual reports, analytical budget classification have become to be implemented in the performance-based budgeting system. The authors have examined the innovations by globalization in the Turkish public sector and analysed the effects of changes with the adoption of Law No: 5018 in terms of Turkish public financial management. It has been mandatory that all Turkish administrations under the general government take attention to the regulations accepted in Law No: 5018. When evaluated from a positive perspective, public administrations in Turkey have got more managerial responsibility in their operations.
Stages of Globalization and Their Reflections on Higher Education
Authors: Aydin Oya Tamtekin
Published: November 2020

Globalization refers to the case wherein individuals' demand the fulfillment of their needs and desires from the world that they cannot fulfill within national borders and the dynamism these demands create within themselves. Moreover, this dynamic structure, which exists to satisfy needs and desires, has massively impacted the financial, political, and social lives of societies. Shaped around globalization, a global market was established in the world. Further, the communication emerging due to the establishment of a global market necessitated the development of a common perspective among distinct cultures and revealed a need for people who could perceive this aspect. Thus, an inevitable bond was formed between globalization and education; this relationship is evidently observed in higher education institutions, as they are one of the essential components of an information society. This study therefore deals with different periods wherein the effects of globalization were noticed and the interaction between these periods and the field of higher education.
The Changing Nature and Use of the Concept NEET in Contemporary Society
Authors: Matli Walter
Published: November 2020

Internationally, significant variation exists between the use and application of the term ‘NEET' (not in education, employment, or training) to define levels of economic and social exclusion among groups of young people. It depends on the situation, and/or the context in which the term is applied. The term draw attention to unacceptably high levels of youth unemployment and economic inactivity, as well as the scarring consequences this may have on young people's lives. This chapter aims to provide a review of the shifting and changing age cohort included within the NEET category since its inception in the 1990s. The study utilises an entity-related diagram to demonstrate the international variation that now exists. Recommendations are made in order to maximise the deployment of a standardised definition of NEET, in order to achieve some commonality of understanding about how we measure and define ‘NEEThood', and crucially, in developing and applying policy responses to address their needs.
Impact of Trade Liberalization on Income Inequality
Authors: Ayla Dilara , Karış Çiğdem
Published: November 2020

This study consists of trade openness in Turkey within the scope of the 1985-2018 period and examination of the cointegration and causality relationship between the Gini coefficient and per capita income levels. In this regard, per capita income, which is one of the economic welfare indicators, has been used as the control variable. ARDL boundary test models used in the analysis have been examined by forming two models in which both variables have been evaluated as dependent variables. Therefore, the short- and long-term effects of both variables on each other have been determined. The cointegration relationship tests performed within the scope of the ARDL boundary test in the first stage of the analysis showed that these variables act together in the long run. However, it has been determined that the trade openness ratio negatively affected income justice in the short and long term.
Digital Innovation in Small Firms of Rural Canada
Authors: Ahuja Suchit , Chan Yolande E.
Published: November 2020

Unless there are systemic investments in digitization of rural economies, rural entrepreneurs will suffer, and digital innovation activity will remain modest. Nonetheless, the authors do find examples of digital innovation practiced by firms in rural economies. These firms successfully fostered growth and revitalization due to co-evolution of business and digital strategies, investments in technology, and digitization of business processes. In this chapter, using three such small, rural firms in Ontario, Canada, the co-evolution of business and digital technology strategies and related performance impacts are described by using the lens of “digital ecodynamics,” which is defined as the holistic confluence among environmental factors, capabilities, and digital technologies—and their fused dynamic interactions unfolding as an ecosystem. The focus on the development of resources and capabilities that are critical for the survival of the firms and the local ecosystem centered around a business incubator that supports and sustains them.
Legal Framework on the Implementation of the Human Resource Management Reforms in the Philippines After the Marcos Era Up to the Duterte Administration
Authors: Aquino, Jr. Perfecto G. , Jalagat Jr. Revenio C. , Justin Mercia Selvia Malar
Published: November 2020

This study is aimed at filling the gap and will discuss the overview of both the legal reform processes happening in the public sector of the Philippine government and of recent developments and challenges initiated by the Civil Service Commission of the Philippine government as its Central Personnel Agency. This chapter will cover the years commencing 1986 up to the present dispensation of the Duterte administration where the primary goal is to study and suggest the approaches to reforming the Civil Service system and its decision-making process. It also outlines the discourses on the reform of public service among educators and public officials in the Philippines. Then, it elaborates on the laws and institutional measures introduced for an effective public personnel administration system in the country. A documentary analysis on the successful practices of public personnel administration will be used to evolve on the possible steps/strategies to further enhance the delivery of personnel services of the government sector workforce in the Philippines.
Citizen Participation in Smart Sustainable Cities
Authors: Seçkiner Bingöl Ezgi
Published: November 2020

Citizen participation and sustainability are two main concepts used in the definitions in the smart city literature. Citizen participation is often used within the context of improving good governance in smart cities. Its relationship with sustainability is seldomly discussed. This study analyses the relationship between the concepts of smart city, smart sustainable city, and citizen participation, and discusses how citizen participation is shaped in smart sustainable cities. In light of this analysis, seven types of citizen participation mechanisms are studied. The findings of the study reveal that sustainability in smart cities is only considered within the framework of environmental matters, while citizen participation is only considered as a mechanism aimed at supporting good governance. The study recommends using these participation mechanisms to highlight other aspects of sustainability such as securing comprehensiveness, alleviating poverty, promoting gender equality and to focus on other aspects of citizen participation such as real participation and democratic effectiveness.
The “Smart” Transformation of Cities in Turkey
Authors: Hamza Çelikyay Hicran
Published: November 2020

Smart city policies represent a process of comprehensive and multi-actor effort. Smart cities is undoubtedly a policy process that has reached maturity as Turkey has revealed a series of action plans and policy documents for many years. It can be accepted that Turkey's basic policy documents for the information society, published in 1999, starts with Turkey's National Information Infrastructure Master Plan (TUENA). The Information Society Strategy Action Plan (2015-2018), the Eleventh Development Plan (2019-2023), and the National Smart Cities Strategy Action Plan (2020-2023) are some of the recent documents. In this study, Turkey's roadmap of smart city that began with information society is analysed via policy documents. In the analysis, the concept of smart city, its components, vision, and goals were determined as the main topics. In this way, an overview of the policies followed between 1999 and 2023 will be made and the aspects that are intensely processed, incomplete or not mentioned will be tried to be revealed.
Artificial Intelligence-Based Solutions for Cyber Security Problems
Authors: Yildirim Merve
Published: November 2020

Due to its nature, cyber security is one of the fields that can benefit most from the techniques of artificial intelligence (AI). Under normal circumstances, it is difficult to write software to defend against cyber-attacks that are constantly developing and strengthening in network systems. By applying artificial intelligence techniques, software that can detect attacks and take precautions can be developed. In cases where traditional security systems are inadequate and slow, security applications developed with artificial intelligence techniques can provide better security against many complex cyber threats. Apart from being a good solution for cyber security problems, it also brings usage problems, legal risks, and concerns. This study focuses on how AI can help solve cyber security issues while discussing artificial intelligence threats and risks. This study also aims to present several AI-based techniques and to explain what these techniques can provide to solve problems in the field of cyber security.
Smart IDS and IPS for Cyber-Physical Systems
Authors: Mahboub Sara A. , Sayed Ali Ahmed Elmustafa , Saeed Rashid A.
Published: November 2020

One of the most important requirements is security and accessibility efforts which are represented as a critical issue that should be considered in many applications for the purpose of system confidentiality and safety. To ensure the security of current and emerging CPSs by taking into consideration the unique challenges present in this environment, development of current security mechanisms should be further studied and deployed in a manner that make it becomes more compatible with CPS environment, introduce a safer environment and maintain the quality of service at the same time. Systems known as intrusion detection systems (IDS) and intrusion prevention systems (IPS) are the most common security mechanisms used in networking and communication applications. These systems are based on artificial intelligence (AI) where computer-based algorithms are used to analyze, diagnose, and recognize that threats pattern according to an expected suspicious pattern.
Multiplier for DSP Application in CPS System
Authors: Kumar Abhishek
Published: November 2020

A cyber-physical system over field-programmable gate array with optimized artificial intelligence algorithm is beneficial for society. Multiply and accumulate (MAC) unit is an integral part of a DSP processor. This chapter is focused on improving its performance parameters MAC based on column bypass multiplier. It highlights DSP's design for intelligent applications and the architectural setup of the broadly useful neuro-PC, based on the economically available DSP artificial intelligence engine (AI-engine). Adaptive hold logic in the multipliers section determines whether another clock cycle is required to finish multiplication. Adjustment in algorithm reduced the aging impact over cell result in the processor last longer and has increased its life cycle.
IoT Applications in Smart Home Security
Authors: Rastogi Rohit , Jain Rishabh , Jain Puru
Published: November 2020

Robotization has changed into a fundamental piece of our lives. Everybody is completely subject to mechanization whether it is an extraordinary bundling or home robotization. So as to bring home automation into thought, everybody now needs a heterogeneous state security, and in our task on residential robotization, such high security highlights are completely on the best possible consumption. Piezoelectric sensors are compelling for sharpening appropriated wellbeing checking and structures. An intrusion detection system (IDS) is a structure that screens for suspicious movement and issues alarms when such advancement is found. Some obstruction divulgence structures are fit to take practice when poisonous improvement or peculiar action is perceived.
Teaching in Higher Education as a Vocation
Authors: Zalanga Samuel
Published: November 2020

Quantitative method of research has been used to produce generalizations about the experience of immigrants that are applicable across diverse people, places, and times. While there are great insights and lessons that such studies have produced, ultimately, all immigrants must out of their relative obscurity critically reflect on their diverse life conditions and situations in order to construct nuanced meaning for their immigrant experience. Using the life history method of research in narrative form, this chapter highlights lessons and insights based on the life history and experience of the author migrating to the United States to pursue graduate studies and subsequently taking a fulltime faculty position. The lessons and insights will help the reader appreciate the challenges faced by a minority immigrant faculty from West Africa while highlighting some coping strategies that can help ensure the thriving and flourishing of such a faculty person as an immigrant.
Barriers and Incentives to Territory-Based Innovation Processes
Authors: Silva Paula Alexandra , Antunes Maria João , Tymoshchuk Oksana , Pedro Luís , Almeida Ana Margarida , Ramos Fernando
Published: November 2020

The context of territory-based innovation processes includes both barriers and incentives. This chapter presents the research and findings of a study conducted with two sets of five community-led initiatives, one composed of small-sized initiatives and another composed of larger-sized initiatives, with a view to identify barriers and incentives to territory-based innovation. Following a mixed-coding approach, data was analysed to identify barriers and incentives to territory-based innovation prompted by the use of digital tools, by the interaction among actors, and by contextual factors. Results from both types initiatives show significant technology weariness, still initiatives praise the effectiveness of some digital tools, namely social media, in reaching their audience. Both types of initiatives evidence disappointment towards cultural traits and bureaucracy, being these factors experienced as a disheartening barrier. Yet, initiatives also commend the know-how and flexibility of specific actors, with whom initiatives interact with closely when performing their activities.
Using Digital Tools to Improve Policy Making and Citizens' Decisions in Healthcare
Authors: Tavares Jéssica , Santinha Gonçalo , Gonçalves Luís Jorge , Forte Teresa
Published: November 2020

Several studies report an overall critical judgement to the Portuguese health system by national citizens, who focus not only on the increased costs associated with healthcare, waiting lists for appointments, and waiting times for emergency services, but also on the lack of appropriate tools and means that can help them to make more informed decisions concerning healthcare. This chapter aims to explore and test the potential development of a digital tool capable of offering accurate, updated, and extended information on care providers and services as well as access to care facilities. Overall, this application is perceived as useful in conveying a wider knowledge of healthcare options that may not only foster more informed and rational choices, but also help policymakers to understand the main factors underlying citizens' choices of healthcare providers.
Amiais
Authors: Melro Ana , Oliveira Lídia , Amaro Ana Carla
Published: November 2020

The chapter takes a journey through the place, revisiting the central dimensions for its development, particularly, for LOCUS project – playful connected rural territories. These dimensions are playfulness, labor and school, affection, architecture, and religion. For the knowledge and understanding of all these dimensions, semi-structured interviews were conducted with key informants, agents from and in the territory (stakeholders), informal conversations with inhabitants, and participant observation of two of the oldest traditional festivals in the village. Amiais is facing some social and demographic processes, (1) search of the younger population for more densified urban areas, (2) which leads to aging population and depopulation of the territory, which tends to cause the (3) loss of cultural heritage, but, at the same time, (4) a change in local architecture.
A Multi-Agent-Based Data Collection and Aggregation Model for Fog-Enabled Cloud Monitoring
Authors: Bulla Chetan M. , Birje Mahantesh N.
Published: November 2020

The fog-enabled cloud computing has received considerable attention as the fog nodes are deployed at the network edge to provide low latency. It involves various activities, such as configuration management, security management, and data management. Monitoring these activities is essential to improve performance and QoS of fog computing infrastructure. Data collection and aggregation are the basic tasks in the monitoring process, and these phases consume more communicational power as the IoT nodes generate a huge amount of redundant data frequently. In this paper, a multi-agent-based data collection and aggregation model is proposed for monitoring fog infrastructure. The data collection model adopts a hybrid push-pull algorithm that updates the data when a certain change in new data compared to old data. A tree-based data aggregation model is developed to reduce communication overhead between fog node and cloud. The experimental results show that the proposed model improves data coherency and reduces communication overhead compared to existing data collection and aggregation models.
Predictive Data Center Selection Scheme for Response Time Optimization in Cloud Computing
Authors: Kapgate Deepak
Published: November 2020

The quality of cloud computing services is evaluated based on various performance metrics out of which response time (RT) is most important. Nearly all cloud users demand its application's RT as minimum as possible, so to minimize overall system RT, the authors have proposed request response time prediction-based data center (DC) selection algorithm in this work. Proposed DC selection algorithm uses results of optimization function for DC selection formulated based on M/M/m queuing theory, as present cloud scenario roughly obeys M/M/m queuing model. In cloud environment, DC selection algorithms are assessed based on their performance in practice, rather than how they are supposed to be used. Hence, explained DC selection algorithm with various forecasting models is evaluated for minimum user application RT and RT prediction accuracy on various job arrival rates, real parallel workload types, and forecasting model training set length. Finally, performance of proposed DC selection algorithm with optimal forecasting model is compared with other DC selection algorithms on various cloud configurations.
Machine Learning-Based Decision Support System for Effective Quality Farming
Authors: Balaji Prabhu B. V.  , Dakshayini M.
Published: November 2020

Although Big data analytics, machine learning and cloud technologies have been acknowledged as better enablers in revolutionizing the quality of agricultural systems, in most of the developing nations like India there is no able system to effectively survey the real grocery needs of the society and accordingly educate the farmers to grow and supply the crops. Due to lack of such process, there is no synchronization between demand and supply of food crops, and hence, most of the time farmers suffer with loss and consumers suffer from high varied prices. In order to address this problem, data about the demand, supply, and price variation of various crops of different seasons of the year have been collected and analysed. The analysis results have shown a huge gap between demand and supply of crops. Hence, this work proposes novel machine learning-based data analytics system that forecasts the demand for different food crops and regulates the supply accordingly by assisting the farmers in growing the crops based on the demand. Implementation results have shown 92% reduction in the gap.
A Two-Phase Load Balancing Algorithm for Cloud Environment
Authors: Singh Archana , Kumar Rakesh
Published: November 2020

Load balancing is the phenomenon of distributing workload over various computing resources efficiently. It offers enterprises to efficiently manage different application or workload demands by allocating available resources among different servers, computers, and networks. These services can be accessed and utilized either for home use or for business purposes. Due to the excessive load on the cloud, sometimes it is not feasible to offer all these services to different users efficiently. To solve this excessive load issue, an efficient load balancing technique is used to offer satisfactory services to users as per their expectations also leading to efficient utilization of resources and applications on the cloud platform. This paper presents an enhanced load balancing algorithm named as a two-phase load balancing algorithm. It uses a two-phase checking load balancing approach where the first phase is to divide all virtual machines into two different tables based on their state, that is, available or busy while in the second phase, it equally distributes the loads. The various parameters used to measure the performance of the proposed algorithm are cost, data center processing time, and response time. Cloud analyst simulation tool is used to simulate the algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate superiority of the algorithm with existing ones.
The Cycle of Enactment and Investigation
Authors: Jao Limin , Sahmbi Gurpreet , Lopez Maria-Josée Bran
Published: November 2020

Novice teacher educators (NTEs) occupy a complex role of teaching pre-service teachers and typically do not have formalized supports or professional development. This study used the Cycle of Enactment and Investigation (CEI) as framework for NTE professional development. NTEs engaged in a modified CEI that emphasized repeated individual and collective analyses before and after enactments. Findings suggest that this framework allowed the NTEs to engage in the work of a teacher educator with the support of each other and a more experienced teacher educator. This study highlights the need for further research on ways of supporting NTEs.
A Better Medical Interpreting Service
Authors: Zhang Jifei , Wang Fei
Published: November 2020

Medical interpreting has become a new research focus in recent decades, but few studies have discussed the role of interpreter in combination with strategies. This paper aims to work out how a medical interpreter plays his or her role and adopts strategies when interpreting between English and Chinese. Based on a first-hand medical interpreting corpus, this empirical study tagged the interpretation and made a detailed analysis of the interpreter's role and strategies. The results revealed that under the guideline of Goffman's participation framework theory the medical interpreter facilitated the therapeutic talk via three roles, namely “animator,” “author,” “principal”; for each role, different interpreting strategies, like “supplement,” “omission,” “compression,” etc. were adopted. Moreover, the study found motives behind interpreting strategies under the specific context. The sociological discussions are presented in the hope of enhancing medical interpreters' understanding of their roles and the importance of adopting more flexible strategies in order to provide better service.