bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiepoch Observations of the Nearby Spiral Galaxy NGC 3938 with the Chandra X-Ray Observatory
Authors: Raut Siddhi , Schlegel Eric M. , Pannuti Thomas G. , Jones Brannon W. , Matallana Jacobo
Published: February 2025

We present an analysis of two epochs of ACIS observations of the SA(s)c spiral galaxy NGC 3938 with the Chandra X-ray Observatory. The total exposure time of the observations was 95 ks, with a limiting unabsorbed luminosity of ≈1038 erg s−1 assuming a distance of 22 Mpc. A total of 47 discrete merged sources from both epochs were detected at the ≈3σ level or greater with the D25 radius. We demonstrate that at the time of the Chandra observations the nucleus was not detected. We connect the detected sources to counterparts in other wavebands to the degree possible. Based on the two epochs, we identify three variable sources and an additional two that may have varied between the two observations. We do not formally detect any of the five historical supernovae that have occurred in NGC 3938. The luminosity function of NGC 3938 is compared to a recent compilation of 38 galaxies, and we identify a potentially significant problem with the “known” distance to NGC 3938. Star formation rate and metallicity values are also computed; the star formation rate is highly dependent on the adopted distance. The metallicity appears to lie in the range of 8.2–9.2, consistent with values from other work. We include in an appendix a short discussion of the sources that lie in Chandra’s field of view but lie outside of NGC 3938.
Earth Detecting Earth: At What Distance Could Earth’s Constellation of Technosignatures Be Detected with Present-day Technology?
Authors: Sheikh Sofia Z. , Huston Macy J. , Fan Pinchen , Wright Jason T. , Beatty Thomas , Martini Connor , Kopparapu Ravi , Frank Adam
Published: February 2025

The field of Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) searches for “technosignatures” could provide the first detection of life beyond Earth through the technology that an extraterrestrial intelligence may have created. Any given SETI survey, if no technosignatures are detected, should set upper limits based on the kinds of technosignatures it should have been able to detect; the sensitivity of many SETI searches requires that their target sources (e.g., Dyson spheres or Kardashev II/III level radio transmitters) emit with power far exceeding the kinds of technology humans have developed. In this paper, we instead turn our gaze Earthward, minimizing the axis of extrapolation by only considering transmission and detection methods commensurate with an Earth 2024 level. We evaluate the maximum distance of detectability for various present-day Earth technosignatures—radio transmissions, atmospheric technosignatures, optical and infrared signatures, and objects in space or on planetary surfaces—using only present-day Earth instruments, providing one of the first fully cross-wavelength comparisons of the growing toolbox of SETI techniques. In this framework, we find that Earth’s space-detectable signatures span 13 orders of magnitude in detectability, with intermittent, celestially targeted radio transmission (i.e., planetary radar) beating out its nearest nonradio competitor by a factor of 103 in detection distance. This work highlights the growing range of ways that exoplanet technosignatures may be expressed, the growing complexity and visibility of the human impact upon our planet, and the continued importance of the radio frequencies in SETI.
Thermal Variability in the Martian Upper Atmosphere within the Crustal Magnetic Field Region Induced by Gravity Wave Dissipation Due to Ion-drag Effect
Authors: Wang Xing , Xu Xiaojun , Cui Jun , Yi Siqi , Gu Hao , Zhou Zilu , Man Hengyan , Luo Lei , He Peishan , Yang Pu
Published: February 2025

Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution detected a significant temperature increase of approximately 20–40 K in the upper atmosphere within the strong crustal magnetic field (CF) region during two deep dip campaigns. Previous studies were unable to fully explain this thermal variation. Atmospheric gravity waves are an underlying mechanism, attributed to the ion-drag effect. During this effect process, the collisions between neutral particles and ions transfer wave momentum along the magnetic field lines, and lead to wave dissipation and energy release to heat or cool the background atmosphere. We developed a one-dimensional linear wave model to describe the effect of ion-drag on wave propagation and dissipation in the Martian upper atmosphere. Our results show that the ion-drag effect influences wave propagation primarily above 160 km in the CF region and around 200 km in the noncrustal magnetic field (NCF) region. The total wave energy flux driven by the ion-drag effect in the CF region is approximately 108 eV cm−2 s−1, with heating rates of 10–60 K per sol and cooling rates up to 40 K per sol above 155 km. Wave-driven temperature enhancements in the CF region due to the ion-drag effect are a few Kelvins higher than in the NCF regions, though still smaller than the observed 20–40 K. Additional wave processes, including wave breaking and multiwave dissipation, may contribute to the observed thermal variability and should be considered in future studies.
Exoplanet Occurrence Rate with Age for FGK Stars in Kepler
Authors: Sayeed Maryum , Angus Ruth , Berger Travis A. , Lu Yuxi(Lucy) , Christiansen Jessie L. , Foreman-Mackey Daniel , Ness Melissa K.
Published: February 2025

We measure the exoplanet occurrence rate as a function of isochrone and gyrochronology ages using confirmed and candidate planets identified in Q1–17 DR25 Kepler data. We employ Kepler's pipeline detection efficiency to correct for the expected number of planets in each age bin. We examine the occurrence rates for planets with radii 0.2 ≤ Rp ≤ 20 R
⊕ and orbital periods 0.2 ≤ P ≤ 100 days for FGK stars with ages between 1.5 and 8 Gyr using the inverse detection-efficiency method. We find no significant trend between the occurrence rate and stellar age; a slight decreasing trend (within 1.5σ–2.5σ) only emerges for the low-mass and metal-rich stars that dominate our sample. We isolate the effects of mass and metallicity on the occurrence rate trend with age, but find the results to be inconclusive, due to weak trends and the small sample size. Our results hint that the exoplanet occurrence rate may decrease over time due to dynamical instability from planet–planet scattering or planet ejection, but accurate ages and larger sample sizes are needed to resolve a clear relation between the occurrence rate and age.
3D Nonequilibrium Ionization and Spectroscopic Modeling of Coronal Mass Ejections. I. Comparison with Hinode/EIS Observations
Authors: Wraback E. M. , Landi E. , Manchester W. B. , Szente J.
Published: February 2025

High-resolution EUV spectroscopy provides an informative diagnostic tool for the early evolution of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) since it can directly measure many physical properties of CME plasma close to the Sun that cannot be determined from white-light coronagraphs or narrowband imagers. The Hinode/EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) captured a series of high-resolution EUV spectra of the 2008 April 9 event, also known as the “Cartwheel CME,” during its initial acceleration period. CMEs are inherently dynamic events, driving the plasma from ionization equilibrium, which makes the nonequilibrium ionization (NEI) effects important when analyzing spectral observations. In this work, we performed simulations of the Cartwheel CME using the Alfvén Wave Solar atmosphere Model (AWSoM) to provide insight into the plasma structure and dynamics during the early evolution of this CME. For the first time, we combined self-consistent nonequilibrium charge state calculations in the EUV spectral line synthesis for a CME simulation to account for the plasma departures from ionization equilibrium everywhere in the CME. In this first paper of the series, we compare the simulation results to the EIS observations of this event to assess the quality of the AWSoM predictions. We find that the CME is out of equilibrium, indicating that NEI effects should be considered in the EUV spectral synthesis. Overall, the model reproduces the thermodynamic evolution of the CME in the low solar corona well, as compared to the EIS observations.
Tracking Outflow Using Line Locking (TOLL). II. Large Line-locking Web Identified in Quasar J151352+085555
Authors: Chen Chen , He Zhicheng , Yi Weimin , Ji Tuo , Lau Marie Wingyee , Ma Bo
Published: February 2025

Quasar outflows often consist of two clouds with velocity separations matching the doublet spacings of common UV resonance transitions, a phenomenon known as line locking, which is commonly observed in quasar spectra. Multiple clouds can be locked together through multi-ion doublets, forming a “line-locking web.” In the second paper of the TOLL project, we present the discovery of one of the largest “line-locking webs” known to date from the Very Large Telescope UVES spectra of QSO J151352+085555. We identify 12 associated narrow absorption line systems through the C iv, N v, Si iv, O vi, and multiple Lyman lines (Lyα to Lyϵ) and find 10 out of the 12 absorbers are line-locked together by comparing velocity separations between different absorption systems. By conducting photoionization modeling with CLOUDY, we measure the total hydrogen column densities, metallicities, and ionization parameters of these absorbers, which suggests that the absorbers likely have subsolar metallicities. A preliminary statistical analysis demonstrates that the shadowed clouds tend to have similar ionization states compared to the shadowing ones. Identification of one of the largest line-locking webs implies that radiative acceleration plays an important role in sorting out cloud velocities in quasar outflows and highlights the need for more sophisticated theoretical models to explain its formation and evolution.
A Laboratory Study of Plasma Charging Inside Lava Tubes on the Lunar Surface
Authors: Gopalakrishnan S. , Wang X. , Horányi M.
Published: February 2025

The electrostatic charging environment inside lunar lava tubes was investigated in laboratory experiments using a glass tube exposed to a simulated solar wind flow. A conducting surface was attached at the entrance of the tube and biased to various negative potentials to study the electron shielding effect on the charging conditions inside the tube. The electrical potential at the bottom of the glass tube was measured using a planar probe. It is shown that the bottom surface potential is positive and increases with the increasing ion beam energy, as well as with the increasing depth inside the tube, as a result of electron Debye shielding at the entrance and along the length of the tube due to the electron thermal motion. It is found that the bottom tube potential does not approach the ion kinetic energy even when the solar wind electrons are nearly fully shielded from entering the tube. We show that ion-generated secondary electrons from the sidewall of the tube partially neutralize the buildup of positive charges at the bottom of the tube. Our results provide insights into the plasma charging environment inside lunar lava tubes that may be used as natural habitats for future human exploration on the surface of the Moon.
Nitrogen-carbon nanotubes as a basis for a new type of semiconductor materials for electronics devices
Authors: Zaporotskova Irina V. , Boroznin Sergey V. , Boroznina Natalia P. , Dryuchkov Evgeniy S. , Verevkina Kseniya Yu. , Butenko Yulia V , Zaporotskov Pavel A. , Kozhitov Lev V. , Popkova Alena V. , Grigoriev Aleksandr D.
Published: February 2025

The use of semiconductor nanomaterials is currently considered to be one of the most promising device optimization methods since those materials allow controlling the electronic properties and possess high mechanical and thermal strength, providing for long device service life without the necessity of replacement or seeking new solutions. The parameters of the electronic and energy structure of new semiconductor nanomaterials based on carbon nanotubes containing substitution atoms have been studied. The test carbon nanotubes contained specific substitution atom concentrations (15, 25 and 50%). A relationship has been drawn between the band gap, conductivity and optical properties of the materials. Data on the band gap and conductivity as functions of substituting nitrogen atom concentration and tube diameter have been reported. The experimental band gap data suggest that the nanotubes in question are narrow-gap semiconductors. One can also conclude that a new semiconductor material has been synthesized on the basis of carbon nanotubes with substitution nitrogen atoms since the test tubes exhibit a redistribution of electron density towards the nitrogen atoms and positive charge localization in the vicinity of the carbon atoms. The results are of utmost importance for the design and fabrication of components and units for nanoelectronics and microsystems: our theoretical study has confirmed the possibility to control the refraction index and conductivity of media by implementing a carbon-for-nitrogen substitution reaction to various concentrations. Thus, a new electronics material has been studied, i.e., carbon nanotubes modified by substitution of nitrogen atoms.
Three new asexual Kirschsteiniothelia species from Guizhou Province, China
Authors: Xiao Xing-Juan , Liu Ning-Guo , Ma Jian , Zhang Li-Juan , Bao Dan-Feng , Bai Song , Al-Otibi Fatimah , Hyde Kevin D. , Lu Yong-Zhong
Published: February 2025

During our investigation of saprobic fungi in southwestern China, three micro-hyphomycetous fungi were isolated from dead wood in freshwater and terrestrial habitats in Guizhou Province. Phylogenetic analyses of ITS, LSU, and SSU sequences, performed using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference methods, confirmed that these isolates belong to Kirschsteiniothelia. Based on distinct morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic evidence, we describe three new species: Kirschsteiniothelia guizhouensis, K. weiningensis, and K. xishuiensis. Furthermore, the effectiveness of three DNA markers for species-level identification within Kirschsteiniothelia was evaluated using Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning (ASAP) analysis, which identified the ITS nucleotide sequences as the most reliable marker for species differentiation within the genus.
Oil’s Nuclear Frames : The oil industry shaping the environment with “innovative” nuclear technologies since the long 1970s
Authors: Bron Michiel
Published: February 2025

Dans le cadre des débats sur les énergies alternatives et l’environnementalisme, les acteurs pétroliers ont joué un rôle important en s’engageant activement dans les débats et en investissant dans les énergie alternatives au cours de longues années 1970. En particulier, l’énergie nucléaire était souvent considérée comme un projet de diversification. En étudiant la façon dont les acteurs pétroliers ont structuré leurs investissements dans des « innovations » telles que la technique In Situ Leaching pour l’extraction de l’uranium (Mobil Oil) et la fusion nucléaire (Exxon, Shell et Gulf Oil), cet article soutient que plusieurs influents acteurs pétroliers ont reconnu l’impact environnemental des combustibles fossiles et de la fission nucléaire au cours des années 1970. Toutefois, ces acteurs ont présenté leurs technologies comme des technofixes « respectueux de l’environnement ». Ce faisant, souvent l’impact environnemental de ces nouvelles technologies a été négligé, ce qui a influencé les débats sur ces technologies jusqu’à aujourd’hui.
Cuire des tuiles en France, 13 e -19 e siècles. Crise de ressources et innovation technique
Authors: Lacheze Cyril
Published: February 2025

Un four à tuiles, en France, nécessitait jusqu’au début du 20 e s. des apports considérables de bois, alors que le pays était marqué par la déforestation. Des mesures de préservation furent prises dès le 16 e s. Dans certaines régions, les tuiliers ont dû s’adapter, notamment en remplaçant le bois par de la houille. Cette crise a également créé des opportunités pour les propriétaires de couvert forestier : ceux-ci ont moins cherché à protéger les ressources en bois qu’à profiter de la crise pour en taxer l’utilisation. Une autre possibilité était l’innovation, avec des fours plus économes. Un grand nombre de brevets ont été déposés à cet effet au 19 e s., conduisant au développement de fours continus encore utilisés aujourd’hui.
Toxic Standards : Pollution, ‘Slow Violence’, and the Environmental History of the Abadan Oil Refinery, Iran
Authors: Biglari Mattin
Published: February 2025

Cet article examine l’histoire environnementale de la raffinerie de pétrole d’Abadan, dans la province du Khuzestan, au sud-ouest de l’Iran, de 1912 à 1951. À cette époque, la raffinerie était le centre des opérations de l’Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC), aujourd’hui connue sous le nom de BP, et un nœud crucial pour l’approvisionnement en pétrole de l’empire britannique. En lisant à contre-courant les archives de l’entreprise et en s’appuyant sur les « corps d’archives » d’anciens résidents et travailleurs iraniens, l’article apporte deux contributions principals. Tout d’abord, il montre comment la raffinerie a incarné la « colonialité » de la compagnie pétrolière dans sa transformation des écologies locales, la création de nouveaux environnements racialisés et l’effacement épistémique. L’article offre ensuite un aperçu de la manière dont les zones de sacrifice du Nord et du Sud global étaient connectées et où elles ont divergé dans la création de l’Anthropocène. À travers la raffinerie, la pollution a suivi le double standard de l’industrie pétrolière : d’un côté, l’AIOC a standardisé les processus de raffinage en s’alignant sur les raffineries américaines et, de l’autre, elle a fait preuve de la même négligence envers l’environnement local que les compagnies pétrolières américaines. Cependant, l’AIOC est aussi allée plus loin en rendant la toxicité invisible en présentant les problèmes de santé comme endémiques à la société locale. Cela a contribué à maintenir le caractère colonial de la raffinerie lors de la nationalisation du pétrole par le gouvernement iranien en 1951, même si la compagnie pétrolière a été expulsée.
History of Oil and Solar Relationships : Makeups and Breakups
Authors: Stanković Jelena
Published: February 2025

Face à un avenir incertain, l’industrie pétrolière est confrontée à un dilemme crucial : s’adapter à un monde alimenté par les énergies renouvelables ou restez sur son chemin. Ce constat fait écho à un défi similaire lors de la crise énergétique des années 1970, lorsque de nombreuses compagnies pétrolières ont reconsidéré leurs stratégies commerciales et ont commencé à investir dans le créneau émergent des énergies renouvelables, comme l’énergie solaire, pour l’abandonner en grande partie dans les années 1980. En décortiquant les stratégies et la sincérité d’Exxon, Mobil, Shell, BP, Amoco et Arco au cours de cette période, cet article met en évidence à la fois les points communs et les différences dans leur approche de la création d’une voie de transition vers l’énergie solaire. S’appuyant sur des comptes rendus d’archives, des rapports annuels, des publications secondaires et plusieurs entretiens, cette recherche révèle la complexité de l’industrie pétrolière, mettant en évidence les différents degrés d’engagement et questionnant la perception monolithique des actions de l’industrie pétrolière.
The Independents Strikes Back : The Energy Crisis of the 1970s and the Forging of a New Chapter in the Environmental History of the Oil Industry
Authors: Lifset Robert
Published: February 2025

Cet article explore la relation entre l’industrie pétrolière américaine et l’environnementalisme dans les années 1970. Ce faisant, il accorde une attention particulière à l’industrie pétrolière indépendante aux États-Unis et à la manière dont ce segment de l’industrie interprète les préoccupations environnementales croissantes dans un contexte plus large fourni par un gouvernement fédéral en constante expansion. En fin de compte, ce sont les indépendants et non les majors qui ont établi la réponse de l’industrie à l’environnementalisme au cours du dernier demi-siècle.
Universo Produção. A fábrica de festivais
Authors: Hallak Raquel
Published: February 2025

Raquel Hallak, diretora da Universo Produção, explica a origem da criação dos três festivais organizados pelo Universo Produção no Minas Gerais e suas repercussões nos últimos 25 anos no mercado local, nacional e internacional. Ela discute as consequências das políticas públicas e evoluções técnicas no mercado e na formação das profissões audiovisuais. Ela faz um balanço das atividades desde 1998, inclusive durante a pandemia.
Los talleres de cine como espacios de vinculación de niños, niñas y jóvenes con el territorio austral
Authors: Bello María José
Published: February 2025

Este artículo indaga en las posibilidades pedagógicas del cine para relacionar a niñas, niños y jóvenes con el territorio austral en el marco de tres talleres realizados en el sur de Chile y Argentina.
Les casernes de la Troisième République étaient-elles des écoles de vertus masculines ? (1872-1914)
Authors: Marly Mathieu
Published: February 2025

Le service militaire obligatoire – dont le principe est adopté en 1872 – a-t-il transformé les casernes en école de virilité pour les classes de conscrits avant 1914 ? L’idée d’une caserne républicaine devenue cadre d’apprentissage de la virilité pour les jeunes Français est un lieu commun abondamment relayé par les chefs militaires et les élites républicaines à la fin du XIXe siècle, un lieu commun qui repose sur l’idée d’un modèle militaro-viril uniforme, transmis par l’institution militaire et intériorisé par tous les soldats. Cet article entend démontrer que la caserne est en réalité un lieu de rencontre et d’affrontement entre différents modèles d'une masculinité exaltée par l’institution (la virilité sacrificielle du citoyen-soldat), incarnée par certains officiers issus des lycées (la « masculinité apaisée » de l’officier-pédagogue) et, le plus souvent, imposée par des camarades de chambrée issus des classes populaires.
« Jamais la pleine émancipation de la virilité ne sera mon lot ! ». Jeunes hommes et modèles masculins sous la plume des moralistes catholiques au XIXe siècle
Authors: Muller Caroline
Published: February 2025

La place des femmes dans le catholicisme du XIXe siècle en France est désormais bien connue, si bien que l’historiographie a insisté sur la « féminisation » des personnels, des spiritualités ou encore des pratiques. La question des hommes et des masculinités a été moins explorée, en particulier les modèles et stratégies pastorales qui leur sont destinés. À partir d’un ensemble d’écrits de moralistes à destination des jeunes garçons et jeunes hommes, ce travail esquisse le profil de l’homme idéal d’après ces « bons livres » et ses écarts par rapport aux modèles féminins. S’attachant aux sociabilités, au travail et au futur rôle de chef de famille, les moralistes insistent sur la nécessité d’adopter un comportement de soldat de la foi au service de la rechristianisation du monde, sur fond de reformulation des devoirs politiques et patriotiques.
L’éducation à la masculinité dans le monde grec ancien : essai de synthèse bibliographique
Authors: Lalanne Sophie
Published: February 2025

Cette bibliographie (non exhaustive) vise à donner une vue d’ensemble des problématiques et des connaissances constituées dans le domaine de l’éducation à la masculinité dans le monde grec des époques classique, hellénistique et impériale. Elle ne concerne donc que les citoyens des cités grecques, et non pas les étrangers et les esclaves vivant dans les cités, ni les jeunes filles, exclues de la vie politique et militaire. Elle rassemble les titres majeurs parus dans deux domaines de spécialité longtemps imperméables l’un à l’autre, d’une part l’épigraphie du monde grec des époques hellénistique et impériale, fondée sur l’étude des textes émanant des institutions civiques et gravés dans la pierre ou le marbre, d’autre part l’anthropologie historique, plus tournée vers les productions littéraires et les cités de l’époque classique, essentiellement Athènes et Sparte.
L’accompagnement des élèves par le tutorat entre pairs
Authors: Connac Sylvain
Published: February 2025

L’acte d’apprendre est une activité individuelle facilitée par la relation à d’autres. C’est en ce sens que la coopération peut être envisagée comme une modalité d’accompagnement des élèves vers leurs apprentissages. Cet article témoigne de recherches qualitatives et compréhensives sur le tutorat entre pairs, au sein d’écoles primaires et de collèges français. Des entretiens d’autoconfrontation avec des élèves qui participent à du tutorat entre pairs ont permis de collecter leur parole et de souligner plusieurs réalités phénoménologiques : des stratégies utilisées par des élèves tuteurs, des effets sur les tuteurs et sur les tutorés ainsi que des vigilances pédagogiques nouvelles. Parmi elles se trouvent une initiative de l’aide par les élèves qui en ressentent le besoin, une formation préalable des élèves, un équilibre entre temps individuels et temps personnels et un lien de réciprocité entre les fonctions de tuteur et de tutoré. Ces conditions sur l’organisation du tutorat entre élèves amélioreraient l’accompagnement des élèves.
Articuler théorie-pratique dans la formation au métier d’enseignant en France : épreuves et points de vue d’étudiants sur leur accompagnement
Authors: Maleyrot Eric
Published: February 2025

En France, une nouvelle réforme de la formation initiale des enseignants s’est mise en place à la rentrée 2021. Dans cette période de changement, cet article examine l’accompagnement des étudiants à l’articulation théorie-pratique. Le cadre théorique mobilise les notions d’accompagnement à travers les différentes figures du « tiers » (Paul, 2009 ; 2011), celle de projet de professionnalisation (Kaddouri, 2006) et celle d’épreuve (Martuccelli, 2006). La méthode qualitative analyse le contenu des propos recueillis lors d’entretiens compréhensifs de trois étudiants en deuxième année de master, au profil contrasté. Les résultats exposent ce qu’ils disent de leur accompagnement. Ils révèlent un système de trois épreuves plus ou moins intenses, fonction de la présence ou non des figures du « tiers » dans les différents lieux de formation et de l’écart entre leur projet personnel de professionnalisation et le projet institutionnel de formation.
Utilisation des plateformes d’enseignement en ligne par les étudiants à l’université, sentiment de compétence et réussite aux examens : une étude de liens
Authors: Duguet Amélie , Morlaix Sophie , Corbin Lucie
Published: February 2025

Cette recherche vise à étudier l’utilisation des plateformes d’enseignement en ligne (Moodle et Teams) et le sentiment de compétence à cet égard d’un échantillon d’étudiants inscrits en L1 ou en M1 au sein d’une université française, en opérant des liens entre ces variables et la réussite aux examens. Les résultats font d’une part état de différences significatives dans l’utilisation de Moodle et Teams entre les étudiants des deux niveaux considérés. D’autre part, si nous relevons un effet non négligeable des caractéristiques scolaires des étudiants sur leur sentiment de compétence, les analyses produites témoignent de l’importance de prendre en compte d’autres facteurs pour mieux appréhender ce sentiment. Enfin, nous montrons que seul le sentiment de compétence à l’égard de Moodle exerce un effet sur la note moyenne au premier semestre.
Se former à la participation par la « recherche avec » : une mise à l’épreuve de la réciprocité des savoirs
Authors: Rougerie Corinne
Published: February 2025

Cet article propose d’aborder la visée formative de la dynamique participative en contexte de recherche entre et avec les acteurs concernés, par le biais d’une pratique ancrée en socio-clinique institutionnelle. Ce questionnement s’étaye à partir d’une démarche nommée « recherche-action collaborative » dans le secteur associatif de la protection de l’enfance. Il s’appuie sur l’une des modalités du dispositif pédagogique à partir de ses enjeux et ses limites : l’analyse collective d’écrits de travail, comme espace formatif. Cette situation de « recherche avec » implique des manières d’intervenir singulières induisant des collaborations entre les chercheurs, associés eux-mêmes en collectif, pour mobiliser d’autres collectifs. Apprendre à coopérer se pense à tous les niveaux de l’intervention, ne se décrète pas, et se dévoile dans la capacité à coconstruire ensemble, à un moment donné. La prise en compte des implications des acteurs en présence dans la manière de penser l’intervention crée des associations de travail plus ou moins participatives et créatrices de transformations. Comment ces transformations des savoirs sont-elles facilitées ou non à partir de la manière dont les acteurs en présence sont impliqués dans le processus de recherche ?
Microfinance Dynamics
Authors: Halder Subrata
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the impact of microcredit on income distribution in India from 1993 to 2022. Using secondary data from the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD), Reserve Bank of India, the World Bank, and the Global Data Lab, an OLS regression model analyzes the relationship between microcredit and the Gini Index. Findings indicate a significant negative relationship between microcredit loans and income inequality, suggesting that increased microfinance access reduces income disparities. Other significant determinants include GDP growth, educational expenditure, gross capital formation, unemployment, and patrilocality. The study highlights the need to expand microfinance programs and implement policies for equitable economic benefit distribution. Limitations include reliance on secondary data and lack of regional disparity consideration. Despite these, the research enriches existing literature by offering insights specific to India and underscores microfinance's role in fostering inclusive economic growth.
What's Next After Achieving 100% Level of Financial Inclusion?
Authors: Ozili Peterson K.
Published: February 2025

This study considers a world where it is possible to attain full financial inclusion where full financial inclusion means achieving a 100% level of financial inclusion in whichever way financial inclusion is measured. This study examines the possible course of actions which policymakers can take after achieving full financial inclusion. This study also explores the philosophical nature of this question by casting some light into whether attaining full financial inclusion is a worthwhile goal for policymakers to focus on. The insights offered in this study are useful to scholars and policymakers and those responsible for advancing financial inclusion in their countries.
Supply Chain Education
Authors: Ahmad Reyaz , Salam Mohammad Abdul , Paramaiah Ch
Published: February 2025

Supply chain management (SCM) has become a vital component of international corporate operations, necessitating a strong educational foundation to provide aspiring professionals with the knowledge and abilities they will need. The efficiency of supply chain education in preparing students for the difficulties of global logistics is the main emphasis of this paper's critical analysis of the field's current situation. This study emphasizes the necessity of an updated educational framework by examining curricula, industry expectations, and educational gaps. It also provides suggestions and answers for improving supply chain education to better meet the changing needs of international logistics. The report concludes by outlining potential avenues for future research to improve and enhance supply chain education.
Os usos da teoria de Pierre Bourdieu para estudar corpo e saúde no campo acadêmico-científico da educação física
Authors: Costa Brenda Rodrigues da , Neves Ricardo Lira de Rezende , Nogueira Julia Aparecida Devidé
Published: February 2025

Esta revisão integrativa da literatura analisa como o campo acadêmico-científico da Educação Física (EF) no Brasil utilizou os conceitos operados por Pierre Bourdieu para estudar corpo e saúde em artigos científicos publicados entre 2016 e 2021. Resultados revelam que os usos apresentam-se, majoritariamente, isolados e refutam ou reforçam argumentos, não mobilizando os conceitos sistematicamente como propõe a teoria sociológica de Bourdieu. Assim, são insuficientes para explicar as intenções teóricas dos autores. Todavia, ratificam um esforço dos agentes do campo da EF para realizar um exercício reflexivo com a teoria da prática. Ademais, evidenciam desigualdades e dominações que atravessam o corpo e a saúde na EF, especialmente a partir do capital econômico e simbólico. Os agentes dominantes que estruturam os subcampos analisados, perpetuam as dominações, através do exercício da violência simbólica, nas práticas corporais, esportivas ou na saúde pública. As disposições dos habitus não são naturais, ratificando que as dominações e desigualdades que atravessam o espaço social atingem os que possuem menos capital econômico e cultural em relação ao corpo e à saúde.
Exploring the feasibility of near-infrared spectroscopy in analyzing and predicting the chemical and biochemical changes of chitin-amended soils
Authors: Omwange Ken Abamba , Chen Ana , Lu Renfu , Daiek Carly , Celini Julie , Liu Yan
Published: February 2025

Chitin, a natural polymer, has been added to soil to enhance plant resistance to pathogens, yet its impact on soil’s chemical and biochemical properties remains unclear. Standard methods to measure these properties are often slow and labor-intensive. This study aimed to assess pH, total DNA, chitinase activity, and trpB gene DNA targeting for the identification of pathogen Streptomyces scabies in chitin-treated soil using both conventional wet chemical analysis methods and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for rapid measurement. Five soil groups were treated with varying chitin levels (control, 0.2% and 2% fungus chitin, 0.2% and 2% Sigma chitin) and sampled every 9 days over 122 days. NIR reflectance spectra (900-1,685 nm) from the soil samples were acquired at each sampling time. Partial least squares regression models  were developed using preprocessing methods like Kubelka-Munk, second derivative, and smoothed data. The second derivative model for 900-1,660 nm yielded high predictive accuracy with R² values of 0.915, 0.892, and 0.810 for pH, total DNA, and trpB gene DNA respectively. This study demonstrates the potential of NIR  spectroscopy coupled with partial least squares algorithms as a rapid, cost-effective method for estimating soil biochemical properties.
Sealing ability of three bioceramic sealers using sealer-based obturation method after immersion in simulated body fluid
Authors: Singhal Rahul , Singla Meenu G. , Wahi Palak , Bhasin Prashant , Garg Ashima , Nangia Divya
Published: February 2025

Aim:

The study aimed to evaluate and compare the apical sealing ability of three bioceramic sealers, i.e., BioRoot RCS, CeraSeal, and Bio-C sealer, using sealer-based obturation method after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF).

Methodology:

Eighty-eight extracted single-rooted mandibular premolars with mature apices and straight root canals were selected. Teeth were decoronated at 12 mm length from the apex. They were divided into 4 groups according to the sealer used (n = 22), i.e., control group (Group 1) – AH Plus (obturated using warm vertical compaction [WVC] technique) and experimental groups – Group 2 (BioRoot RCS), Group 3 (CeraSeal), and Group 4 (Bio-C sealer) (obturated using single-cone technique). Specimens in each group were further divided into two subgroups (n = 11) – Subgroup 1 (evaluation after 48 h) and Subgroup 2 (evaluation after immersion in SBF for 30 days). A dye penetration test was used for microleakage analysis using a stereomicroscope (10×). The collected data were statistically analyzed.

Results:

After 48 h, the control group showed the least microleakage, and the difference was statistically significant compared to all experimental groups. After immersion in SBF for 30 days, no significant difference in microleakage was seen among all the groups.

Conclusion:

The sealing ability of the bioceramic sealers with single-cone obturation when exposed to the SBF improved significantly after 30 days and was comparable to AH Plus using the WVC obturation technique. Thus, single-cone obturation with bioceramic sealers can be considered a viable alternative.
Influence of glycolic acid as a chelating agent for smear layer removal and its effect on the microhardness of root canal dentin – A systematic review
Authors: Kalaiselvam Rajeswari , Govindaraju Lokhasudhan , Thiyagarajan Jayasooryan Sp , Perumal Swetha , Rajendran Mathan Rajan
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of glycolic acid (GA) as a chelating agent on the removal of smear layers and the microhardness of root dentin. This review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, and study quality was assessed using a modified Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool. Two authors independently conducted an electronic search across four databases, supplemented by examining the reference lists of the included articles. A total of five in-vitro studies having variable concentrations (5%, 10%, and 17%) of GA were chosen for this review. Two articles include microhardness and smear layer removal together, two deal with microhardness, and one deals with smear layer removal. The included studies revealed a low overall risk of bias owing to the variability among the studies; the analysis was limited to qualitative assessment, with no meta-analysis performed. Based on the findings, various concentrations of GA (5%, 10%, and 17%) can be considered alternatives for smear layer removal with less impact on root dentin microhardness. However, further studies with proper standardization are required to confirm the effects on root dentin.
Evaluation of the efficacy of sonic activation in root canal cleaning with an endocator adenosine triphosphate tester: An in vitro study
Authors: Bolla Nagesh , Garlapati Roopadevi , Vemuri Sayesh , Basam Ram Chowdary , Bolla Lahari , Sahitya Yedla
Published: February 2025

Context:

Evaluating the efficacy of sonic activation in root canal cleaning using an Endocator adenosine triphosphate (ATP) tester.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to assess the cleaning efficacy of needle irrigation and sonic activation by measuring ATP values and colony-forming units (CFUs) during root canal procedure.

Settings and Design:

The design of the study is an in vitro study.

Materials and Methods:

Eighty (n = 80) extracted mandibular molars were selected, and distal root canals were enlarged to F2 with ProTaper Gold rotary files. Canals were rinsed with 2 mL of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2 mL of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and 2 mL of distilled water. Samples are sterilized, Enterococcus faecalis is inoculated and incubated at 37° for 4 weeks. Baseline ATP values and CFU are measured. Samples are divided into four groups of n = 20 and are irrigated. Group 1:2 mL of distilled water for 30 s. Group 2: 2 mL of distilled water activated with SmartLite Pro EndoActivator (SLP-EA) for 30 s. Group 3: 2 mL of 1% NaOCl for 30 s. Group 4: 2 mL of 1% NaOCl activated with SLP-EA for 30 s. The irrigation procedure was repeated for nine cycles. ATP values and CFU are recorded after each cycle. Friedman, Kruskal–Wallis, Wilcoxon, and Tukey’s post hoc tests are used for statistical evaluation.

Results:

A significant decrease in ATP values and CFU from baseline to residual level is observed in all groups (P ≤ 0.05). Microbial load reduction is significant in Group 4, followed by Groups 2 and 3.

Conclusions:

1% NaOCl + SLP-EA showed better efficacy by recording lower ATP values and CFU.
Outcomes of vital pulp therapy using various pulp capping agents
Authors: Yadav Rakesh Kumar , Jasrasaria Neha , Tiwari Rini , Verma Umesh Pratap
Published: February 2025

Background:

Preserving pulp vitality is crucial for maintaining tooth function and structure. Vital pulp therapy uses pulp capping agents to promote pulp healing and regeneration.

Aims:

This study evaluated the outcomes of four different pulp capping agents.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred and twenty patients were randomly assigned to four groups: G1 – calcium hydroxide (CH), G2 – growth factor (Recombinant human Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB + Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate (rh-PDGF-bb+ βTCP)), G3 – Biodentine, and G4 – Cissus quadrangularis (CQ). After caries removal, the agents were applied to the exposed pulp, sealed with glass ionomer cement, and restored with composite. Clinical and radiographic follow-ups were conducted at 1, 6, and 12 months, and the data were statistically analyzed.

Results:

The highest success rate was observed in the growth factor group (96.7%), followed by Biodentine (93.3%), CQ (90%), and CH (80%). However, the differences among groups were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Dentin bridge formation was the most frequent in the growth factor group (76.67%), and treatment failures were more common in patients over 40 years.

Conclusion:

Growth factor (rh-PDGF-bb + βTCP) demonstrated the highest success rate, positioning it as a superior alternative to CH. CQ also showed potential as an effective pulp capping agent, warranting further investigation.
Evaluation of one- versus two-step technique on the outcome of mineral trioxide aggregate pulpotomy in mature permanent teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis
Authors: Rana Amal Singh , Sharma Sidhartha , Kumar Vijay , Chawla Amrita , Logani Ajay
Published: February 2025

Context:

This study compares one-step and two-step mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) pulpotomy techniques in treating symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (SIP) in mature molars over 12 months.

Aims:

To compare the clinical efficacy of one-step versus two-step MTA pulpotomy in mature permanent teeth with SIP.

Setting and Design:

This clinical trial involved 30 patients with SIP in mandibular molars, comparing one-step and two-step MTA pulpotomy.

Methodology:

Thirty patients (aged 15–35) with SIP in mandibular molars were randomly assigned to two groups: one-step MTA pulpotomy (n = 15), with final restoration in the same visit, and two-step MTA pulpotomy (n = 15), with interim restoration followed by final restoration after 24 h. Pain levels were assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale at 24, 48, and 72 h postoperatively. Clinical and radiographic follow-ups were performed at 3, 6, and 12 months to assess pulpal vitality, restoration quality, and treatment success.

Statistical Analysis:

The results were analyzed statistically using the independent t-test, Fisher’s exact test, and Pearson’s Chi-square test.

Results:

Both groups showed significant pain reduction (P < 0.05) and 100% success at 12 months. Electric pulp tests were positive in all teeth, with 73.33% responding to cold testing. Restoration quality showed no significant differences between groups.

Conclusion:

Both one-step and two-step MTA pulpotomy techniques showed high success rates in treating SIP in mature molars, with no significant difference. The one-step method is an effective alternative to the two-step approach.
An epidemiological study of dentition status, treatment needs and correlation with the dietary and oral hygiene practices among school-going children population of West Bengal
Authors: Mazumdar Paromita , Das Utpal Kumar
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

The global burden of disease study 2016 estimated that oral diseases affected 3.58 billion people with dental caries. Severe tooth loss and total edentulous condition have been reported as one of the leading causes of years lived with disability in some high-income countries. Oral health inadequacies exist among and between different population groups, and social determinants have a strong impact on oral health. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines oral health as “a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral infections and sores, periodontal diseases, tooth decay, tooth loss and other disorders and diseases that limit individual capacity in biting, chewing, smiling, speaking and psychosocial well-being.” National Oral Health Survey Report 2004 states that caries prevalence in India was 51.9%, 53.8%, and 63.1% at 5, 12, and 15 years, respectively. Literature on-caries research in eastern India is few, and reports related to West Bengal are sparse with respect to the dentition status and treatment needs.

Aim:

To assess dentition status, treatment needs, and their association with diet and oral hygiene practices among school-going children population of West Bengal.

Methods:

The survey was carried out after obtaining institutional ethics clearance. The state of West Bengal was divided into three zones, and random sampling method was employed to examine students using the WHO questionnaire and achieve the target sample size of based on the formula N = 4pq/L2 and a sample size of 784 per zone.

Results:

Significant Caries Index of 2352 respondents has been found to be 5.57 in this study, and the mean DMFT is 2.34. There was need for one surface filling in 384 (34.3%) children from Zone 1, 360 (32.1%) from Zone 2, and 377 (33.6%) from Zone 3. The need for two surface fillings was observed as 200 (32.4%) children from Zone 1, 223 (36.1%) from Zone 2, and 194 (31.4%) children from Zone 3. The association of brushing versus caries prevalence was not statistically significant (P = 0.0601).

Conclusion:

Caries prevalence was found to be 53.3% in this study. The difference in caries prevalence across the zones is not statistically significant. Toothbrush and paste twice a day is used mostly as oral hygiene aid.
Correlation of Vitamin D in Different Stages of Hypertension as Per JNC 8 Criteria
Authors: Vig Neha , Gaikwad Kapila , Ansari Yar Mohammad
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

Recent research over the past few decades has highlighted a link between vitamin D levels and cardiovascular risk factors, particularly blood pressure. The current investigation sought to assess whether serum vitamin D levels are related to blood pressure within Indian population.

Methods:

This observational cross-sectional study included 600 participants (300 cases with hypertension and 300 controls). Inclusion criteria were patients aged 20-70 years with hypertension, while individuals with secondary hypertension, chronic kidney disease, or chronic liver disease were excluded. Blood pressure was measured using a mercury sphygmomanometer. Vitamin D levels were analyzed using automated analyzers.

Results:

A weak but statistically significant negative association between serum vitamin D levels and blood pressure was found.

Conclusion:

Lower serum vitamin D levels were associated with higher systolic blood pressure. It can be suggested that vitamin D exerts an influence on blood pressure, supporting the hypothesis of VDR hypersensitivity.