bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isomerism, aggregation-induced emission and mechanochromism of isocyanide cycloplatinated(ii) complexes
Authors: Martínez-Junquera Mónica , Lara Rebeca , Lalinde Elena , Moreno M. Teresa
Published: April 2020

Neutral cyclometalated Pt(ii) complexes incorporating chloride or alkynyl/isocyanide show geometrical isomerism and the ppy-based derivatives combine aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and mechanochromic luminescence (MCL).
Possible evidence of induced repetitive magnetic reconnection in a superflare from a young solar-type star
Authors: Mancuso S. , Barghini D. , Telloni D.
Published: April 2020

We report the detection of multiple quasi-periodic pulsations (QPPs) observed during the flaring activity of KIC 8414845, a young, active solar-type star observed by the Kepler mission launched by NASA. We analyzed the QQP signal using a data-driven, nonparametric method called singular spectrum analysis (SSA), which has never been utilized previously for analyzing solar or stellar QPPs. Because it is not based on a prescribed choice of basis functions, SSA is particularly suitable for analyzing nonstationary, nonlinear signals such as those observed in QPPs during major flares. The analysis has revealed that the apparent anharmonic shape of the QPP in this superflare results from a superposition of two intrinsic modes of periods of 49 min and 86 min, which display quasi-harmonic behaviors and different modulation patterns. The two reconstructed signals are consistent with slow-mode transverse and/or longitudinal magnetohydrodynamic oscillations excited in a coronal loop inducing periodic releases of flaring energy in a nearby loop through a mechanism of repetitive reconnection. The peculiar amplitude modulation of the two modes evinced by SSA favors the interpretation of the observed QPP pattern as due to the excitation in a coronal loop of the second harmonic of a standing slow-mode magnetoacoustic oscillation and a global kink oscillation periodically triggering magnetic reconnection in a nearby loop. Concurrent interpretations cannot however be ruled out on the basis of the available data.
Probing the magnetospheric accretion region of the young pre-transitional disk system DoAr 44 using VLTI/GRAVITY
Authors: Bouvier J. , Perraut K. , Le Bouquin J.-B. , Duvert G. , Dougados C. , Brandner W. , Benisty M. , Berger J.-P. , Alécian E.
Published: April 2020

Context. Young stellar objects are thought to accrete material from their circumstellar disks through their strong stellar magnetospheres.

Aims. We aim to directly probe the magnetospheric accretion region on a scale of a few 0.01 au in a young stellar system using long-baseline optical interferometry.

Methods. We observed the pre-transitional disk system DoAr 44 with VLTI/GRAVITY on two consecutive nights in the K-band. We computed interferometric visibilities and phases in the continuum and in the Brγ line in order to constrain the extent and geometry of the emitting regions.

Results. We resolve the continuum emission of the inner dusty disk and measure a half-flux radius of 0.14 au. We derive the inclination and position angle of the inner disk, which provides direct evidence that the inner and outer disks are misaligned in this pre-transitional system. This may account for the shadows previously detected in the outer disk. We show that Brγ emission arises from an even more compact region than the inner disk, with an upper limit of 0.047 au (~5 R⋆). Differential phase measurements between the Brγ line and the continuum allow us to measure the astrometric displacement of the Brγ line-emitting region relative to the continuum on a scale of a few tens of microarcsec, corresponding to a fraction of the stellar radius.

Conclusions. Our results can be accounted for by a simple geometric model where the Brγ line emission arises from a compact region interior to the inner disk edge, on a scale of a few stellar radii, fully consistent with the concept of magnetospheric accretion process in low-mass young stellar systems.
Study of Astrophysical s-Process Neutron Capture Reactions at the High-Intensity SARAF-LiLiT Neutron Source
Authors: Paul Michael , Tessler Moshe , Halfon Shlomi , Korngut Elad , Kreisel Arik , Palchan Tala , Peretz Eliran , Weissman Leonid , Shor Asher
Published: April 2020

We report on recent experiments at the Soreq Applied Research Accelerator Facility Liquid-Lithium Target (SARAF-LiLiT) laboratory dedicated to the study of s-process neutron capture reactions. The kW-power proton beam at 1.92 MeV (1-2 mA) from SARAF Phase I yields high-intensity 30 keV quasi-Maxwellian neutrons (3-5×1010 n/s). The high neutron intensity enables Maxwellian averaged cross sections (MACS) measurements of low-abundance or radioactive targets. Neutron capture reactions on the important s-process branching points 147Pm and 171Tm were investigated by activation in the LiLiT neutron beam and γ-measurements of their decay products. MACS values at 30 keV extracted from the experimental spectrum-averaged cross sections are obtained and will be discussed. The Kr region, at the border between the so-called weak and strong s-process was also investigated. Atom Trap Trace Analysis (ATTA) was used for the first time for the measurement of a nuclear reaction cross section. After activation in the quasi-Maxwellian neutron flux at SARAF-LiLiT, isotopic ratios were determined for 81Kr(230 ky)/80Kr and 85gKr(10.8 y)/84Kr. The latter ratio was confirmed both by low-level β counting and γ spectrometry. The shorter-lived capture products 79,85m,87Kr were detected by γ -spectrometry and the corresponding neutron-capture MACS of the respective target nuclei 78,84,86Kr were determined. The MACS of the 80Kr(n, γ)81Kr and 84Kr(n, γ)85gKr reactions are still under study. The partial MACS leading to 85mKr(4.5 h) measured in this experiment has interesting implications since this state decays preferentially by γ decay (79%) to 85Rb on a faster time scale than does 85gKr and behaves thus as an s-process branching point.
The quest for AMS of 182Hf – why poor gas gives pure beams
Authors: Martschini Martin , Lachner Johannes , Merchel Silke , Priller Alfred , Steier Peter , Wallner Anton , Wieser Alexander , Golser Robin
Published: April 2020

The long-lived radioisotope 182Hf (T1/2 = 8.9 Ma) is of high astrophysical interest as its potential abundance in environmental archives would provide insight into recent r-process nucleosynthesis in the vicinity of our solar system. Despite substantial efforts, it could not be measured at natural abundances with conventional AMS so far due to strong isobaric interference from stable 182W. Equally important is an increase in ion source efficiency for the anions of interest.

The new Ion Laser InterAction Mass Spectrometry (ILIAMS) technique at VERA tackles the problem of elemental selectivity in AMS with a novel approach. It achieves near-complete suppression of isobar contaminants via selective laser photodetachment of decelerated anion beams in a gas-filled radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) ion cooler. The technique exploits differences in electron affinities (EA) within elemental or molecular isobaric systems neutralizing anions with EAs smaller than the photon energy. Alternatively, these differences in EA can also facilitate anion separation via chemical reactions with the buffer gas.

We present first results with this approach on AMS-detection of 182Hf. With He +O2 mixtures as buffer gas in the RFQ, suppression of 182WF5− vs 180HfF 5− by >105 has been demonstrated. Mass analysis of the ejected anion beam identified the formation of oxyfluorides as an important reaction channel. The overall Hf-detection efficiency at VERA presently is 1.4% and the W-corrected blank value is 182Hf/180Hf = (3.4 ± 2.1)×10−14. In addition, a survey of different sample materials for highest negative ion yields of HfF 5− with Cs-sputtering has been conducted.
Investigation of 54Fe(n,γ)55Fe and 35Cl(n, γ)36Cl reaction cross sections at keV energies by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Slavkovská Zuzana , Wallner Anton , Reifarth René , Pavetich Stefan , Bott Lukas , Brückner Benjamin , Göbel Kathrin , Al-Khasawneh Kafa , Koll Dominik , Merchel Silke , Reich Markus , Volknandt Meiko , Weigand Mario
Published: April 2020

Activations with neutrons in the keV energy range were routinely performed at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) in Germany in order to simulate stellar conditions for neutron-capture cross sections. A quasi-Maxwell-Boltzmann neutron spectrum of kT = 25 keV, being of interest for the astrophysical s-process, was produced by the 7Li(p,n) reaction utilizing a 1912 keV proton beam at the Karlsruhe Van de Graaff accelerator. Activated samples resulting in long-lived nuclear reaction products with half-lives in the order of yr 100 Myr were analyzed by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS). Comparison of the obtained reaction cross sections to literature data from previous Time-of-Flight (ToF) measurements showed that the selected AMS data are systematically lower than the ToF data. To investigate this discrepancy, 54Fe(n,γ)55Fe and 35Cl(n,γ)36Cl reaction cross sections were newly measured at the Frankfurt Neutron Source (FRANZ) in Germany. To complement the existing data, an additional neutron activation of 54Fe and 35Cl at a proton energy of 2 MeV was performed. The results will give implications for the stellar environment at kT = 90 keV, reaching the not yet experimentally explored high-energy s-process range. AMS measurements of the activated samples are scheduled.
Analysis of optimal superconvergence of an ultraweak-local discontinuous Galerkin method for a time dependent fourth-order equation
Authors: Liu Yong , Tao Qi , Shu Chi-Wang
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we study superconvergence properties of the ultraweak-local discontinuous Galerkin (UWLDG) method in Tao et al. [To appear in Math. Comput. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1090/mcom/3562 (2020).] for an one-dimensional linear fourth-order equation. With special initial discretizations, we prove the numerical solution of the semi-discrete UWLDG scheme superconverges to a special projection of the exact solution. The order of this superconvergence is proved to be k + min(3, k) when piecewise ℙk polynomials with k ≥ 2 are used. We also prove a 2k-th order superconvergence rate for the cell averages and for the function values and derivatives of the UWLDG approximation at cell boundaries. Moreover, we prove superconvergence of (k + 2)-th and (k + 1)-th order of the function values and the first order derivatives of the UWLDG solution at a class of special quadrature points, respectively. Our proof is valid for arbitrary non-uniform regular meshes and for arbitrary k ≥ 2. Numerical experiments verify that all theoretical findings are sharp.
Innovative hydraulic lime-based finishes with unconventional aggregates and TiO2 for the improvement of indoor air quality
Authors: Giosuè Chiara , Mobili Alessandra , Citterio Barbara , Biavasco Francesca , Ruello Maria Letizia , Tittarelli Francesca
Published: April 2020

This paper reports a study on 8 unconventional hydraulic lime-based mortars able to improve indoor air quality by acting as passive systems. Mortars have been prepared with commercial sand or highly adsorbent materials as aggregates with/without TiO2 as photocatalytic agent, to test also the decomposition of airborne pollutants. Mechanical properties, hygrometric behavior, inhibition of growth of molds and depollution properties have been tested. Despite using porous materials (zeolite and activated carbon), in mortars with unconventional aggregates, compressive strength is higher than in sand-based ones, with a more than double higher water vapor permeability. Zeolite-based mortars have the highest moisture buffering capacity followed by silica gel- and activated carbon-based mortars (1.5–2 times higher than reference, respectively, because of the high porosity of unconventional aggregates). Sand-based mortars show optimum inhibitory capacity against fungal growth. Concerning unconventional aggregates, silica gel mortars have good inhibitory capacity, whereas zeolite and activated carbon give to mortars an optimum substrate for molds. Mortars with unconventional aggregates as silica gel remove more than 80% of tracer pollutant after 2 h of test, whereas zeolite-based mortars remove the 65% of it after 120 min. TiO2 enhances depollution properties as photocatalytic oxidation agent when the mortar is close to saturation.
A technology portfolio optimization model considering staged financing and moratorium period under uncertainty
Authors: Shaverdi Marzieh , Yaghoubi Saeed
Published: April 2020

Technology commercialization needs a large amount of financial resources and governments in developed and developing countries play a critical role in resource allocation to the technology commercialization, especially through “Technology Development Funds (TDFs)”. But, because of resource limitations, determining high priority technologies with higher impact on the country’s innovative performance and the optimal resource allocation to technology development is very important for science and technology policymakers. “Technology portfolio planning” has been developed and applied in this regard. Accordingly, a two-phase decision-making framework has been proposed. At the first phase, the priorities of technology fields are determined by using the best-worst method (BWM) and at the second phase, a two-stage stochastic technology portfolio planning model is developed by considering technological projects’ risks and export market, as one of the important factor in the “Global Innovation Index” (GII) ranking. It also has been considered technology fields’ priorities, staged-financing, moratorium period, reinvestment strategy, and technology readiness levels (TRL) in allocating financial resources to technological projects The main advantages of our proposed model are considering uncertainty and early signaling about under performing technological projects Due to the uncertain nature of the problem, our solution methodology is based on the Sample Average Approximation (SAA). In order to demonstrate the applicability of this model, a real case study and its computational results are presented.
Is Exercise a Match for Cold Exposure? Common Molecular Framework for
Adipose Tissue Browning
Authors: Martin Alexandra R. , Chung Soonkyu , Koehler Karsten
Published: April 2020

Exercise is commonly utilized for weight loss, yet research has focused less
on specific modifications to adipose tissue metabolism. White adipose tissue
(WAT) is the storage form of fat, whereas brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a
thermogenic tissue whose uncoupling increases energy expenditure. The most
established BAT activator is cold exposure, which also transforms WAT into
“beige cells” that express uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1).
Preliminary evidence in rodents suggests exercise elicits similar effects.
The purpose of this review is to parallel and examine differences between
exercise and cold exposure on BAT activation and beige induction. Like cold
exposure, exercise stimulates the sympathetic nervous system and activates
molecular pathways responsible for BAT/beige activation, including
upregulation of BAT activation markers (UCP1, proliferator-activated
receptor-gamma coactivator-1α) and stimulation of endocrine
activators (fibroblast growth factor-21, irisin, and natriuretic peptides).
Further, certain BAT activators are altered exclusively by exercise
(interleukin-6, lactate). Markers of BAT activation increase from both cold
exposure and exercise, whereas effects in WAT are compartment-specific.
Stimulation of endocrine activators depends on numerous factors, including
stimulus intensity and duration. Evidence of these analogous, albeit not
mirrored, mechanisms is demonstrated by increases in adipose activity in
rodents, while effects remain challenging to quantify in humans.
Salt Appetite and its Effects on Cardiovascular Risk in Primary
Aldosteronism
Authors: Adolf Christian , Schneider Holger , Heinrich Daniel A. , Handgriff Laura , Reincke Martin
Published: April 2020

First described in 1955 by Jerome W. Conn, primary aldosteronism (PA) today is
well established as a relevant cause of secondary hypertension and accounts for
about 5–10 % of hypertensives. The importance of considering PA
is based on its deleterious target organ damage far beyond the effect of
elevated blood pressure and on PA being a potentially curable form of
hypertension. Aside the established contributory role of high dietary salt
intake to arterial hypertension and cardiovascular disease, high salt intake is
mandatory for aldosterone-mediated deleterious effects on target-organ damage in
patients with primary aldosteronism. Consequently, counselling patients on the
need to reduce salt intake represents a major component in the treatment of PA
to minimize cardiovascular damage. Unfortunately, in PA patients salt intake is
high and far beyond the target values of 5 g per day, recommended by the
World Health Organization. Insufficient patient motivation for lifestyle
interventions can be further complicated by enhancing effects of aldosterone on
salt appetite, via central and gustatory pathways. In this context, treatment
for PA by adrenalectomy results in a spontaneous decrease in dietary salt intake
and might therefore provide further reduction of cardiovascular risk in PA than
specific medical treatment alone. Furthermore, there is evidence from clinical
studies that even after sufficient treatment of PA dietary salt intake remains a
relevant prognostic factor for cardiovascular risk. This review will focus on
the synergistic benefits derived from both blockade of aldosterone-mediated
effects and reduction in dietary salt intake on cardiovascular risk.
Die kultursensible Therapiebeziehung: Ein Konzept für die Aus-, Fort- und Weiterbildung von Psychotherapeutinnen und Psychotherapeuten
Authors: Haller Julia , Hillebrecht Jennifer , Bengel Jürgen
Published: April 2020

Bereits 2002 wurde im Rahmen der Sonnenberger Leitlinien die Entwicklung von Fortbildungsprogrammen für Psychotherapeuten im Sinne der interkulturellen Öffnung des psychosozialen Versorgungssystems gefordert [1]. Bislang mangelt es jedoch an evaluierten, zugänglichen (veröffentlichten) Fortbildungskonzepten zur Förderung inter- bzw. transkultureller Kompetenzen von Psychotherapeuten im deutschsprachigen Raum. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt ein Fortbildungskonzept für ärztliche und psychologische Psychotherapeuten sowie für Psychologen in Ausbildung vor, das auf den Leitlinien für Trainings inter-/transkultureller Kompetenz in der Aus-, Fort- und Weiterbildung von Psychotherapeuten [2] basiert. Das Konzept legt einen besonderen Fokus auf die Reflexion eigener kulturell geprägter Werte sowie auf Wissensinhalte und Fertigkeiten, die den Aufbau einer therapeutischen Beziehung im interkulturellen Setting erleichtern. Es werden Hinweise zur praktischen Implementierung gegeben, die Lesern die Umsetzung des Konzepts als Lehrende erleichtern.
COMP-Ang-1 Improves Glucose Uptake in db/db
Mice with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Baum Petra , Paeschke Sabine , Klöting Nora , Blüher Matthias , Kern Matthias , Serke Heike , Nowicki Marcin , Kosacka Joanna
Published: April 2020

Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP)-Angiopoietin-1 is a potent
angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) variant that possesses therapeutic potential in
angiogenesis and vascular endothelial dysfunction. Noteworthy, we have shown
that COMP-Ang-1 improves hyperglycemia and neuroregeneration in
ob/ob mice. However, the mechanism of the antidiabetic
effect of COMP-Ang-1 is completely unknown. Therefore, we elucidated the
diabetes protective molecular mechanisms of COMP-Ang-1 in diabetic
db/db mouse model. COMP-Ang-1
(0.5 ng/g body weight) or aqueous NaCl solution was injected
intraperitoneally per day in 21 consecutive days into 3-month old, male
db/db mice (n=10 per group). Blood glucose and
HbA1c levels were determined at baseline and 21 days after COMP-Ang-1 or NaCl
treatment. The effect of COMP-Ang-1 on glucose uptake was investigated by
euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp studies and key genes of glucose metabolism
were studied by Western blot analysis. Our findings indicate that COMP-Ang-1
improves glucose metabolism in a tissue specific manner by regulating
HIF-1α transcriptional genes of GLUT-1 expression.
Medizinisch-beruflich orientierte Rehabilitation bei Rehabilitanden mit muskuloskelettalen Erkrankungen: eine Propensity-Score-Analyse
Authors: Fauser David , Vogel Martin , Bethge Matthias
Published: April 2020

Ziel der Studie Die medizinisch-beruflich orientierte Rehabilitation ist ein multimodales interdisziplinär durchgeführtes Programm, das Diskrepanzen von arbeitsplatzbezogenen Fähigkeiten und Anforderungen zu verringern sucht, um berufliche Teilhabechancen von Personen mit ungünstiger Erwerbsprognose zu verbessern. Die Studie untersuchte die Teilhabeeffekte eines in der regulären Versorgung implementierten medizinisch-beruflich orientierten Rehabilitationsprogramms im Vergleich zur herkömmlichen medizinischen Rehabilitation bei Rehabilitanden mit Muskel-Skelett-Erkrankungen.

Methodik Die Daten wurden 2014 und 2015 erhoben und anhand einer As-treated-Analyse ausgewertet. Mittels Propensity-Score-Matching wurden die Ergebnisse von Teilnehmenden einer medizinische-beruflich orientierten Rehabilitation (Interventionsgruppe, IG) mit denen von vergleichbaren Teilnehmenden einer herkömmlichen medizinischen Rehabilitation (Kontrollgruppe, KG) verglichen. Primäres Zielkriterium war die Rate sozialversicherungspflichtiger Beschäftigung ein Jahr nach Rehabilitationsende. Die Behandlungseffekte wurden mit logistischen Modellen überprüft und absolute Risikodifferenzen (ARR) berechnet.

Ergebnisse Ein Jahr nach Rehabilitationsende wurden die Daten von 312 Rehabilitanden analysiert (156 in der IG). Mittels Propensity-Score-Matching konnten Stichproben mit balancierten Stichprobenmerkmalen generiert werden. Der Anteil sozialversicherungspflichtig beschäftigter Rehabilitanden in der IG war um rund 11 Prozentpunkte höher als in der KG (ARR=0,11; 95% KI: 0,02–0,20; p=0,020).

Schlussfolgerung Die medizinisch-beruflich orientierte Rehabilitation führt im Vergleich zur herkömmlichen medizinischen Rehabilitation zu deutlich höheren Beschäftigungsraten nach einem Jahr.
Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylation of Azides and Mechanistic Studies
Authors: Li Xuefeng , Zhang Zhenhua , Feng Jiyao , Zhang Zhen
Published: April 2020

Isocyanates are widely applied in the fields of materials science, drug discovery and chemical industry processes. Palladium-catalyzed carbonylation of azides with carbon monoxide (CO) is reported as a powerful method for simple and efficient access to isocyanates, which are important precursors for preparing structurally meaningful urea, carbamate and amidine derivatives. In this account, we provide an overview on the synthesis of isocyanates and their subsequent reactions to obtain diverse nucleophilic addition products. In addition, with particular emphasis on our mechanistic studies of the Pd-catalyzed carbonylation process, we outline the identification of the actual catalytic species, the possible intermediates and some key factors in the catalytic cycle.

1 Introduction

2 Palladium-Catalyzed Reaction of Azides with CO and Subsequent Nucleophilic Additions

3 Mechanistic Studies on the Palladium-Catalyzed Reaction of Azides with CO

3.1 Studies on the Actual Catalytic Species and the Key Intermediates in the Activation and Carbonylation of Acyl Azides

3.2 Study of the Sulfonylurea Product Self-Catalyzed Carbonylation of Sulfonyl Azides

3.3 Study of the Actual Catalytic Pattern of the Pd/C Catalyst

4 Conclusion
Avaliação clínica e radiográfica de pacientes operados pela técnica de Bristow-Latarjet com seguimento mínimo de 20 anos
Authors: Filho Jaime Guiotti , Leite Marcelo Carvalho , Borges Antônio Carlos Wall , de Souza Gabriel Terra , do Prado Otaniel Figueiredo
Published: April 2020

Objetivo Verificar os resultados do procedimento cirúrgico de 27 pacientes operados, durante o período de 1990 a 1997, pela técnica de Bristow-Latarjet para tratamento da instabilidade traumática anterior do ombro, considerando as possíveis complicações, e, principalmente, o aparecimento de artropatia.

Métodos A avaliação clínica subjetiva foi realizada por meio de um questionário respondido pelos pacientes, e a avaliação objetiva foi feita mediante o escore de Rowe et al. A avaliação radiográfica foi realizada usando as incidências anterioposterior (verdadeira), para visualizar a presença de sinais de artrose do ombro, segundo a classificação de Samilson e Prieto, e oblíqua apical e de Bernageau e Patte, para verificar a consolidação do enxerto ósseo, o posicionamento do parafuso, do enxerto, e os sinais de soltura do material de síntese. Estas avaliações foram realizadas por dois examinadores em tempos diferentes, sem interferência entre eles.

Resultados Na avaliação subjetiva dos pacientes, 93% estavam totalmente recuperados, e, na avaliação objetiva, a média foi de 95 pontos na escala de Rowe et al. Não foram encontradas as complicações relativas à colocação do enxerto de coracoide. O grau de artropatia dos ombros, de acordo com a classificação de Samilson e Prieto, apresentou uma média de sete casos suaves, dois casos moderados, e um caso grave. No total, 17 pacientes não apresentaram artropatia.

Conclusão Entre a primeira e a segunda avaliações, não houve alteração quanto à eficácia da técnica de Bristow-Latarjet. A observação cuidadosa dos critérios da técnica foi fundamental para evitar complicações. A ocorrência de artropatia em longo prazo não foi relevante em nossa avaliação. Pelas evidências do presente estudo, somente o procedimento cirúrgico não é a causa do surgimento da artropatia, mas a falha na sua execução.
A rare WHO Grade I Lesion of the Posterior Fossa with Recurrence Biological Behavior - Dysplastic Gangliocytoma of the Cerebellum: Case Report
Authors: de Almeida Leandro Pelegrini , Schiavo Felipe Lourezon , dos Santos Samir Cezimbra , Nesi William Mazzucco , Cambruzzi Eduardo
Published: April 2020

Dysplastic gangliocytoma of the cerebellum (DGC) or Lhermitte-Duclos Disease is a rare lesion (World Health Organization [WHO] grade I) characterized by thickened folia and replacement of the internal granular layer by abnormal ganglion cells. More commonly, the compromised patients are young adults presenting ataxia, seizures, obstructive hydrocephalus, and increased intracranial pressure. Dysplastic gangliocytoma of the cerebellum is intimately associated with Cowden syndrome, a hereditary disorder caused by a germline mutation in the PTEN tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 10q23. Large neurons of DCG show vesicular nuclei with prominent nucleoli. Expansion of the internal granular layer determines vacuolization of the molecular layer and white matter, which can be related to the bright stripes identified on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Herein, the authors report a female patient who developed long- time recurrence of DGC and discuss pathological findings and differential diagnosis of this rare cerebellar lesion.
Incidência de lesões em motociclistas praticantes de trilhas
Authors: Sousa Davi Leal , da Silva Kelson Nonato Gomes , Ferreira Eduardo , Morais Flávio Rogério de Sousa
Published: April 2020

Objetivo Investigar a incidência, os mecanismos, os tipos de lesão, as regiões anatômicas mais acometidas, e os fatores que podem levar a lesões nos motociclistas praticantes de trilhas.

Métodos Trata-se de uma pesquisa observacional do tipo retrospectivo, na qual foi realizada análise com 47 motociclistas praticantes de trilhas. Os dados foram coletados através da aplicação de um inquérito de morbidade referida (IMR), que incluiu informações sobre lesões e seus mecanismos.

Resultados Ao analisar a amostra, verificou-se que os tipos de lesões com maior incidência foram abrasão e contusão. As regiões anatômicas mais acometidas foram o ombro e o joelho, e o mecanismo de lesão mais comum foi a derrapagem ou perda da tração.

Conclusão Os trilheiros estão expostos a fatores de risco e, consequentemente, às quedas, sendo importante desenvolver mais equipamentos de proteção, em especial para o ombro e para o joelho.
Neurosurgical Treatment for Drug Addiction: Systematic Review
Authors: dos Santos Patrícia Leonardo Magalhães , Curti Rafaella Oliveira , da Silva Ledismar José
Published: April 2020

Substance-related disorders are psychiatric conditions that have a worldwide impact. Their multifactorial cycle has been treated pharmacologically and with therapeutic support. However, high refractoriness rates and difficulty to control relapses are among the pitfalls associated with these disorders. Thus, recent studies have shown that deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising treatment, with a direct intervention in the neurocircuitry of addiction. The results of the present systematic review of the use of DBS for the treatment of drug addiction show that this surgical procedure can reduce the desire for the drug, and, in some cases, establish abstinence, improve psychiatric symptoms related to mood and quality of life, and reintroduce the patient into the social and family environments. Nevertheless, this approach is still limited to the academic realm, based mainly on case reports, with ethics and therapeutic protocols still to be defined. Further in-depth scientific investigations are required to recommend its clinical application.
Importance of Vascularity and Selecting the Recipient Vessels of Lower Extremity Reconstruction
Authors: Hong Joon Pio , Park Changsik John , Suh Hyunsuk Peter
Published: April 2020

Background Successful lower extremity reconstruction using free flaps begins by identifying a good recipient vessel and understanding the surrounding environment of the defect.

Methods One should consider multiple factors when selecting the recipient vessel such as the status of the axial arteries, trying to preserve flow as much as possible, extent and severity of the defect, and ultimately what type of anastomosis will be ideal.

Results Multiple factors of importance are reviewed and show the relevance in decision making and provide an algorithm.

Conclusion In addition to the multiple factors to be considered, the ultimate decision should be made on the table during surgery when the actual artery or vein is exposed and shows signs of good pulsation and flow.
Reconstruction Using Free Flaps for Diabetic Heel Defects: Outcomes and Risk Factor Analysis
Authors: Kim Hyung Bae , Altiparmak Mehmet , Pak Changsik John , Suh Hyunsuk Peter , Hong Joon Pio
Published: April 2020

Background Overall success rate after diabetic foot reconstruction using free flap has been acceptable, but certain parts of the foot like the heel remains more challenging.

Patients and Methods This retrospective study reviewed 37 patients reconstructed with free flaps for diabetic foot ulcer on the heel region from 2008 to 2017. Flap outcome in addition to various risk factors were analyzed; arterial status on heel, the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status, smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, chronic renal failure patient, hemoglobin A1c level, C-reactive protein, and osteomyelitis.

Results Overall flap survival was 73% and resulted in limb salvage and functional ambulation. Total flap loss was 27% and the majority ended up with high-level amputation. Among the risk factors evaluated, the arterial status of the heel and ASA status significantly increased the odds for failure. When both arterial branches to the heel were impaired, the odds of failure were 80 times higher to fail (p< 0.05).

Conclusion The vascularity of the surrounding tissue of the defect plays a critical role in overall success of diabetic heel reconstruction. Aggressive debridement using the angiosome concept is necessary to assure surrounding tissue has a good circulation. Despite the high chance of failure, success will lead to limb salvage and to reasonable functional ambulation whereas failure to salvage the heel will lead to higher level amputation. This warrants microsurgeons to make an effort to perform reconstruction to the heel defect after obtaining maximal vascularity after angioplasty.
Developments of real-time emittance monitors
Authors: Morita Yasuyuki , Fukuda Mitsuhiro , Yorita Tetsuhiko , Kanda Hiroki , Hatanaka Kichiji , Yasuda Yuusuke , Nakao Masao , Kamakura Keita , Hara Shuhei , Koay Hui Wen , Takeda Keijiro , Hara Takafumi , Omoto Kyohei
Published: April 2020

Under the upgrade program of an azimuthally varying field (AVF) cyclotron in progress at the Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP), an emittance monitor is being developed to improve the beam injection efficiency from ion sources to the AVF cyclotron. In order to evaluate the quality of the beams extracted from ion sources quickly, we developed the Pepper-Pot type Emittance Monitor at the RCNP. After improving an analysis method for emittance estimation using LabVIEW, we achieved a measurement frequency of 4 Hz.
Oxygen doped MoS2 quantum dots for efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen generation
Authors: Peng Juan , Yu Xueping , Meng Yang , Tan Huiteng , Song Pin , Liu Zheng , Yan Qingyu
Published: April 2020

In this study, we report an oxygen-doped MoS2 quantum dot (O–MoS2 QD) hybrid electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The O–MoS2 QDs were prepared with a one-pot microwave method by hydrazine-mediated oxygen-doping. The synthetic method is straightforward, time-saving, and can be applied in large scale preparation. Ultra-small O–MoS2 QDs with the average size of 5.83 nm and 1–4 layers can be uniformly distributed on the surface of reduced graphene oxide (RGO). Benefited from the unique structure and the doping effect of oxygen in the MoS2 QDs and the great number of active sites, the O–MoS2 QD hybrid displayed outstanding electrocatalytic performance toward HER. A low overpotential of 76 mV at 10 mA/cm2 and a Tafel slope of 58 mV/dec were obtained in an acidic solution toward HER. Additionally, the resultant O–MoS2 QD hybrid also exhibited excellent stability and durability toward HER, displaying negligible current density loss after 1000 cycles of cyclic voltammetry. The design and synthesis of the electrocatalyst in this work open up a prospective route to prepare active and stable electrocatalysts toward substituting precious metals for hydrogen generation.
Revisiting the Gaussian process regression for fitting high-dimensional potential energy surface and its application to the OH + HO2 → O2 + H2O reaction
Authors: Song Qingfei , Zhang Qiuyu , Meng Qingyong
Published: April 2020

In this work, Gaussian process regression (GPR) for fitting a high-dimensional potential energy surface (PES) is revisited and implemented to construct the PES of OH + HO2 → O2 + H2O. Using mixed kernel function and optimized distribution of the training database, only ∼3 × 103 energy points are needed to approach convergence, which implies the power of GPR in saving lots of computational cost. Moreover, the convergence of the GPR PES is inspected, leading to discussions on the advantages of the GPR fitting approach. By the segmented strategy [Meng et al., J. Chem. Phys. 144, 154312 (2016)], a GPR PES with a fitting error of ∼21 meV is constructed using ∼4600 energy points at the CCSD(T)-F12a/aug-cc-pVTZ level. The rate coefficients are then computed through the ring-polymer molecular dynamics (RPMD) method. An agreement between the present RPMD calculations and the previous observations is found, implying the accuracy of the present calculations. Moreover, the unusual feature of the Arrhenius curve is interpreted by a coupled harmonic oscillator model [Q. Meng, J. Phys. Chem. A 122, 8320 (2018)] together with a simple kinetics model.
Development of a high resolution x-ray inspection system using a carbon nanotube based miniature x-ray tube
Authors: Kim Hyun Nam , Jeong Heon Young , Lee Ju Hyuk , Cho Sung Oh
Published: April 2020

A new concept for a non-destructive testing device using a novel carbon nanotube (CNT) based miniature x-ray tube is proposed. The device can be used for small-scale internal inspection of objects. To investigate the effectiveness of the proposed concept, the device was fabricated and its performance was systematically analyzed. The non-destructive testing device consists of a CNT based miniature x-ray tube, a scintillator, an optical lens, and a detector. The size of the focal spot needed to identify objects as small as 5 µm was calculated through simulation. An electron optics simulation software, E-GUN, was used to optimize the geometries of both the focusing cup and the x-ray target to achieve the desired focal spot size of the x-ray tube. The CNT based miniature x-ray tube was fabricated using the brazing process, and an NdFeB focusing lens was used to further reduce the focal spot size. XR images were obtained using the fabricated device and the spatial resolutions of the images were evaluated using the modulation transfer function (MTF). The fields of view (FOVs) per probe are 7.1 mm2 and 1.8 mm2 when using a 5× optical lens and a 10× optical lens, respectively. The FOV can be increased by increasing the number of probes incorporated into the device. MTF10 values were determined to be 105 lp/mm and 230 lp/mm when using the 5× optical lens and 10× optical lens, respectively. By using an optical lens to enlarge the XR images, the effect of focal spot was minimized and clear XR images were obtained.
Large signal analysis of multiple quantum well transistor laser: Investigation of imbalanced carrier and photon density distribution
Authors: Taghavi Iman , Namvar Behzad , Hosseini Mohammad , Kaatuzian Hassan
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we present a large-signal and switching analysis for the Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor Laser (HBTL) to reveal its optical and electrical behavior under high current injection conditions. Utilizing appropriate models for carrier transport, nonlinear optical gain, and optical confinement factor, we have simulated the large-signal response of the HBTL in relatively low and high modulation frequencies. Our results predict that for multiple quantum well (MQW) structures at low frequencies, there should not be a difference in either the carrier density or the photon density. However, the carrier concentration can be differently distributed between subsequent wells in the case of a high speed yet large-signal input. This leads to increased linewidth instead as it depends on ΔNqw. We show the effect of different structural parameters on the switching behavior by performing a switching analysis of the single quantum well and MQW structures using computationally efficient numerical methods. A set of coupled rate equations are solved to investigate the large-signal and switching behavior of MQW-HBTL. Finally, to have a comprehensive judgment about this optoelectronic device, we introduce a relative performance factor taking into account all the optoelectronic characteristics such as the output power, ac current gain, modulation bandwidth, and base threshold current, as well as turn-on time in order to design a suitable TL for optoelectronic integrated circuits.
Optofluidic phase-shifting digital holographic microscopy for quantitative measurement of microfluidic diffusion dynamics
Authors: Luo Yingdong , Yang Jinwu , Tu Xin , Huang Tianye , Che Zhizhao , Song Chaolong
Published: April 2020

In this work, an integrated optofluidic phase-shifting element, along with an image processing algorithm, was proposed to enable quantitative analysis for microfluidic applications using a digital holographic microscopic configuration. The advantages of the proposed system lie in its compactness, that the phase-shifting element can be simultaneously fabricated with other microfluidic functional components on a single chip, its robustness to resist environmental vibrations as no mechanical movement is involved for phase-shifting, and its capability of capturing transient events of fluid dynamics for quantitative measurement. The performance of the proposed system was validated with quantitatively label-free monitoring of concentration gradients under various conditions in microchannels.
Effect of a high forage : concentrate ratio on milk yield, blood parameters and oxidative status in lactating cows
Authors: Musco N. , Tudisco R. , Grossi M. , Mastellone V. , Morittu V. M. , Pero M. E. , Wanapat M. , Trinchese G. , Cavaliere G. , Mollica M. P. , Crispino M. , Infascelli F. , Lombardi P.
Published: April 2020

A feeding strategy that requires a forage:concentrate ratio equal to 70:30, with at least five different herbs in the forage and the use of silages prohibited, has recently been introduced in Italy. Despite the benefits in terms of human health (lower ω6:ω3 ratio, higher conjugated linoleic acid level) of the obtained milk, little information regarding the possible effects on cows’ health is available. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of such a feeding strategy in dairy cows (90 days in milk at the beginning of the trial) on milk yield and composition, and blood metabolic profile, including the evaluation of oxidative stress. The proposed feeding strategy, compared with a semi-intensive strategy, resulted in an improvement of animal oxidative status (lower levels of reactive oxygen metabolites, higher levels of antioxidant potential and anti-reactive oxygen metabolites) and a significant increase of milk urea only in the first part of the trial. No differences in milk yield and composition were detected throughout the trial.
Sirt1 regulates the expression of critical metabolic genes in chicken hepatocytes
Authors: Yu Jianfeng , Li Jie , He Sai , Xu Lu , Zhang Yanping , Jiang Honglin , Gong Daoqing , Gu Zhiliang
Published: April 2020

Context
Studies in mammals show that SIRT1 plays an important role in many biological processes including liver metabolism through histone and non-histone deacetylation. Little is known about the function of Sirt1 in the chicken.

Aims
The current study investigated the expression pattern of Sirt1 mRNA in the chicken and its functions in the chicken liver.

Methods
In this work, we used real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction to quantify the expression levels of Sirt1 mRNA in major chicken organs and tissue types, siRNA to knock down Sirt1 expression in primary chicken hepatocytes, RNA sequencing to identify gene-expression changes induced by Sirt1 knockdown, and analysed the function of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) through gene ontology enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes ontology analysis.

Key results
In total, 86 DEGs were found between Sirt1 knockdown and control chicken hepatocytes, of which 63 genes were downregulated and 23 genes were upregulated by Sirt1 knockdown. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that 24 DEGs were involved in metabolism. Seven DEGs were involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.

Conclusions
The present study showed that Sirt1 regulates the expression of genes involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and many other biological processes in the chicken liver.

Implications
The results of the present study imply that Sirt1 has various functions in the chicken liver and that Sirt1 plays a potentially important role in hepatic carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the chicken.
Broad near-infrared spectroscopy calibrations can predict the nutritional value of >100 forage species within the Australian feedbase
Authors: Norman Hayley C. , Hulm Elizabeth , Humphries Alan W. , Hughes Steve J. , Vercoe Philip E.
Published: April 2020

Context
Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) is a tool that permits rapid and inexpensive prediction of the nutritional characteristics of forages consumed by ruminants.

Aim
Our aim was to investigate the feasibility of developing a NIRS calibration to predict the nutritional value of the majority of grasses, legumes and forbs that are utilised for sheep and cattle production in southern Australia.

Methods
More than 100 annual and perennial forage species were grown in replicated plots at two locations over a period of 3 years. Biomass was sampled every 3–6 weeks, dried, ground and scanned with a desktop NIRS machine (n = 4385). One-quarter of these samples were subjected to laboratory analysis for calibration development or validation.

Key results
Despite the large variation in the taxonomy and maturity of the plants when sampled, we successfully developed broad calibrations that predicted key nutritional traits. We achieved excellent predictions for crude protein, with a ratio of standard error of performance:standard deviation (RPD) of 5.3, and standard error of cross validation (SECV) of 1.06%. Predictions of neutral detergent fibre were also excellent (RPD 4.3, SECV. 3.5%). For pepsin–cellulase DM digestibility and acid detergent fibre, predictions were very good (RPD 3.7, SECV 2.6% and RPD 3.9, SECV 2.1%). Predictions for organic matter were less reliable (RPD 2.2). We achieved very promising predictions of methane production during batch culture fermentation (RPD 3.1, SECV 3.5 mL/gDM). Predictions of ammonia and total volatile fatty acid concentrations in the post-fermentation substrate were poor.

Conclusions
We found that the broad calibrations predicted the nutritional traits of annual grasses, annual legumes and forb species with greater accuracy than perennial grasses or legumes. This could be associated with the accuracy of the wet chemistry methods. As a general rule, separating taxonomically similar species into groups before the development of calibrations, did not lead to more accurate predictions.

Implications
If more spatial and temporal diversity can be built in without a large reduction in accuracy, these broad NIRS calibrations represent a valuable tool for Australian researchers, feed testing agents and livestock producers, as they encompass nearly all of the species that appear in monocultures or mixed swards.
Giveas a light verb
Authors: Martínez Caro Elena , Arús-Hita Jorge
Published: April 2020

Light Verb Constructions (LVCs) have received widespread attention. Research on these constructions, however, has for the most part focused exclusively on their syntactic and lexical-semantic properties. Additionally, studies devoted to specific LVCs tend to neglect the phrasal-semantic and pragmatic variation brought about by the combination of a light verb with different nominal complements. This paper tries to fill those gaps by means of a quantitative and qualitative corpus-based study of LightgiveConstructions (LgiveCs). The quantitative analysis investigates frequencies of LgiveCs in British English and compares them across spoken and written (fiction) discourse, which reveals a high frequency of this construction in speech, especially in combinations ofgivewitha ring, a kissandan answer. When these combinations are excluded, LgiveCs are significantly more frequent in writing. In a complementary qualitative approach, we highlight the structural and discursive features of the construction and attempt to explore the factors that motivate the frequent use of the LgiveC in British English.
The role of (historical) pragmatics in the use of response particles
Authors: Mosegaard Hansen Maj-Britt
Published: April 2020

This paper studies the synchronic uses and diachronic evolution of a small set of so-called “response particles”
in French, viz. the contemporary forms oui ‘yes’, si ‘yes’, and non ‘no’, and
their historical sources, as well as a by now largely obsolete fourth particle nenni ‘no’. Among current models
of response particle usage, the leading syntactic model is argued to be fundamentally flawed, while the leading semantic model
reveals itself incapable of providing an empirically accurate account of the present-day uses of the French particles. Instead,
(historical) pragmatics is shown to constitute an indispensable component of such an account. This is hypothesized to be true not
just for French, but across languages. In addition, analysis of the French data throws (further) doubt on the explanatory power of
the concept of synchronic functional paradigms.