bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FORMATION OF CONCEPTS OF SPECIALTIES THROUGH PLAY ACTIVITIES OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
Authors:   Kazakh National Pedagogical University named after Abay, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Turgunbaeva B.A. , Usenbekova Н. ,   Kazakh National Pedagogical University named after Abay, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

An important condition for the full development of preschool children is the formation of their initial understanding of the professions in accordance with their age and the provision of information about the work of adults. Familiarization of children with the work of adults related to the profession is an important social and emotional tool that introduces them to the adult world, expands and improves knowledge about the profession, as well as activates the vocabulary. This article describes some of the theoretical backgrounds and examples from the experience of introducing preschoolers to the world of professions through play.
ADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL EDUCATION FOR TEENAGERS WITH MUSCULOSPHOTAL DISORDERS
Authors:   Kazakh National Pedagogical University named after Abay, Kazakhstan, Almaty, Nurymov E.S. , Zhienbaeva N.B. ,   Kazakh National Pedagogical University named after Abay, Kazakhstan, Almaty
Published: June 2021

Online technologies offer many positive social and behavioral opportunities for students with special needs and allow you to develop correctional and developmental programs in accordance with the age and individual characteristics of children, their state of mental and somatic health. Children with special educational needs, such as those with musculoskeletal disorders, often experience significant deficits in social reciprocity and communication skills, but these children are very sensitive to technology.
Impact of international shipping emissions on ozone and PM2.5 in East Asia during summer: the important role of HONO and ClNO2
Authors: Dai Jianing , Wang Tao
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Ocean-going ships emit large amounts of air pollutants such as
nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulate matter. NOx emitted from ships can
be converted to nitrous acid (HONO) and nitryl chloride (ClNO2), which
produce hydroxyl (OH) and chlorine (Cl) radicals and recycle NOx, thereby
affecting the oxidative capacity and production of secondary pollutants.
However, these effects have not been quantified in previous investigations
of the impacts of ship emissions. In this study, a regional transport model
(WRF-Chem) revised to incorporate the latest HONO and ClNO2 processes
was used to investigate their effects on the concentrations of ROx
(RO2 + HO2 + OH) radicals, ozone (O3), and fine particulate matter
(PM2.5) in Asia during summer. The results show that the ship-derived
HONO and ClNO2 increased the concentration of ROx radicals by
approximately 2–3 times in the marine boundary layer. The enhanced
radicals then increased the O3 and PM2.5 concentrations in marine
areas, with the ship contributions increasing from 9 % to 21 %
and from 7 % to 10 % respectively. The largest ROx enhancement was
simulated over the remote ocean with the ship contribution increasing from
29 % to 50 %, which led to increases in ship-contributed O3 and
PM2.5 from 21 % to 38 % and from 13 % to 19 % respectively. In
coastal cities, the enhanced levels of radicals also increased the maximum
O3 and averaged PM2.5 concentrations from 5 % to 11 % and from
4 %–8 % to 4 %–12 % respectively. These findings indicate
that modelling studies that do not consider HONO and ClNO2 can
significantly underestimate the impact of ship emissions on radicals and
secondary pollutants. Therefore, it is important that these nitrogen
compounds be included in future models of the impact of ship emissions on
air quality.
Mercury mobility, colloid formation and methylation in a polluted Fluvisol as affected by manure application and flooding–draining cycle
Authors: Gfeller Lorenz , Weber Andrea , Worms Isabelle , Slaveykova Vera I. , Mestrot Adrien
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Floodplain soils polluted with high levels of mercury (Hg) are potential
point sources to downstream ecosystems. Repeated flooding (e.g., redox
cycling) and agricultural activities (e.g., organic matter addition) may
influence the fate and speciation of Hg in these soil systems. The formation
and aggregation of colloids and particles influence both Hg mobility and
its bioavailability to microbes that form methylmercury (MeHg). In this study,
we conducted a microcosm flooding–draining experiment on Hg-polluted
floodplain soils originating from an agriculturally used area situated in
the Rhone Valley (Valais, Switzerland). The experiment comprised two 14 d
flooding periods separated by one 14 d draining period. The effect of
freshly added natural organic matter on Hg dynamics was assessed by adding
liquid cow manure (+MNR) to two soils characterized by different Hg (47.3±0.5 or 2.38±0.01 mg kg−1) and organic
carbon (OC: 1.92 wt % or 3.45 wt %) contents. During the experiment,
the release, colloid formation of Hg in soil solution and net MeHg
production in the soil were monitored. Upon manure addition in the highly
polluted soil (lower OC), an accelerated release of Hg to the soil solution
could be linked to a fast reductive dissolution of Mn oxides. The manure
treatments showed a fast sequestration of Hg and a higher percentage of Hg bound by
particulate (0.02–10 µm). Also, analyses of soil
solutions by asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation coupled with
inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (AF4–ICP–MS) revealed a
relative increase in colloidal Hg bound to dissolved organic matter (Hg–DOM)
and inorganic colloidal Hg (70 %–100 %) upon manure addition. Our
experiment shows a net MeHg production the first flooding and draining
period and a subsequent decrease in absolute MeHg concentrations after the
second flooding period. Manure addition did not change net MeHg production
significantly in the incubated soils. The results of this study suggest that
manure addition may promote Hg sequestration by Hg complexation on large
organic matter components and the formation and aggregation of inorganic
HgS(s) colloids in Hg-polluted Fluvisols with low levels of natural
organic matter.
Carbon dioxide fluxes and carbon balance of an agricultural grassland in southern Finland
Authors: Heimsch Laura , Lohila Annalea , Tuovinen Juha-Pekka , Vekuri Henriikka , Heinonsalo Jussi , Nevalainen Olli , Korkiakoski Mika , Liski Jari , Laurila Tuomas , Kulmala Liisa
Published: June 2021

Abstract. A significant proportion of the global carbon emissions to the atmosphere originate from agriculture. Therefore, continuous long-term monitoring of CO2 fluxes is essential to understand the carbon dynamics and balances of different agricultural sites. Here we present results from a new eddy covariance flux measurement site located in southern Finland. We measured CO2 and H2O fluxes at this agricultural grassland site for 2 years, from May 2018 to May 2020. In particular the first summer experienced prolonged dry periods, which affected the CO2 fluxes, and substantially larger fluxes were observed in the second summer. During the dry summer, leaf area index (LAI) was notably lower than in the second summer. Water use efficiency increased with LAI in a similar manner in both years, but photosynthetic capacity per leaf area was lower during the dry summer. The annual carbon balance was calculated based on the CO2 fluxes and management measures, which included input of carbon as organic fertilizers and output as yield. The carbon balance of the field was
−57 ± 10 and −86 ± 12 g C m−2 yr−1 in the first and second study years, respectively.
Building indoor model in PALM-4U: indoor climate, energy demand, and the interaction between buildings and the urban microclimate
Authors: Pfafferott Jens , Rißmann Sascha , Sühring Matthias , Kanani-Sühring Farah , Maronga Björn
Published: June 2021

Abstract. There is a strong interaction between the urban atmospheric canopy layer and the building energy balance. The urban atmospheric conditions affect
the heat transfer through exterior walls, the long-wave heat transfer between the building surfaces and the surroundings, the short-wave solar heat
gains, and the heat transport by ventilation. Considering also the internal heat gains and the heat capacity of the building structure, the energy
demand for heating and cooling and the indoor thermal environment can be calculated based on the urban microclimatic conditions. According to the
building energy concept, the energy demand results in an (anthropogenic) waste heat; this is directly transferred to the urban
environment. Furthermore, the indoor temperature is re-coupled via the building envelope to the urban environment and affects indirectly the urban
microclimate with a temporally lagged and damped temperature fluctuation. We developed a holistic building model for the combined calculation of
indoor climate and energy demand based on an analytic solution of Fourier's equation and implemented this model into the PALM model.
Contrasting hydrological and thermal intensities determine seasonal lake-level variations – a case study at Paiku Co on the southern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Lei Yanbin , Yao Tandong , Yang Kun ,   Lazhu, Ma Yaoming , Bird Broxton W.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Evaporation from hydrologically closed lakes is one of the largest components
of the lake water budget; however, its effects on seasonal lake-level variations
remain unclear on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) due to a lack of comprehensive
observations. In this study, weekly lake evaporation and its effects on
seasonal lake-level variations are investigated at Paiku Co on the southern TP
using in situ observations of thermal structure and hydrometeorology
(2015–2018). Lake evaporation from Paiku Co was estimated to be 975±142 mm during the ice-free period (May to December), characterized by
low values of 1.7 ± 0.6 mm d−1 during the pre-monsoon season (May to June), high values of
5.5±0.6 mm d−1 during the post-monsoon season (October to
December), and intermediate values of 4.0±0.6 mm d−1 during
the monsoon season (July to September). There was a ∼ 5-month lag between
the maximum net radiation (June) and maximum lake evaporation
(November). These results indicate that the seasonal pattern of lake
evaporation from Paiku Co was significantly affected by the large lake heat
storage. Contrasting hydrological and thermal intensities may play an
important role in the large amplitude of seasonal lake-level variations at
deep lakes like Paiku Co. High inflow from monsoon precipitation and glacier
melting and moderate lake evaporation, for instance, drove rapid lake-level
increase during the monsoon season. In contrast, high lake evaporation and
reduced inflow caused lake level to decrease significantly during the
post-monsoon season. This study implies that lake evaporation may play an
important role in the different amplitudes of seasonal lake-level variations
on the TP.
Impact of Liquidity on Rural and Community Banks Profitability in The Eastern Region of Ghana
Authors: Alhassan Osumanu , Opoku Oscar Opoku Agyemang
Published: June 2021

Despite the major role played by rural and community banks in economic development and in the financial climate, their performance over a decade now have not been up to expectations. They continue to experience huge challenges due to innovations in technology as well as globalization which create opportunities for growth. The study was to examine the impact of liquidity on rural and community banks in the Eastern Region of Ghana selected from eleven (11) banks for the period of ten years from 2007 – 2016. The study used panel data and secondary data to collate the ratios from all the selected rural and community banks. A regression model was developed with Return on Asset as the dependent variable accompanied with other six explanatory variables. It was revealed that quality of loan portfolio ratio; capital ratio and loan to total assets had significant and positive relationship with profitability. It was also revealed that shocks in all the liquidity variables had one or other implications on profitability. Finally, based on finding seven, which states that cost to income has negative and significant effect on profitability, the study recommended that management must adopt information and communication technology to reduce cost and easy access to banks’ product in the form of Automated Teller Machine.
Analisis Peningkatan Pendapatan Melalui Usaha Rumahan Produksi Kerupuk Akibat Pandemi
Authors: Julialevi Karina Odia , Ardila Kangza
Published: June 2021

Kegiatan ekonomi di Indonesia terhambat akibat pandemi Covid-19. Banyak perusahaan yang terpaksa melakukan PHK terhadap pekerja atau buruh. Demi menyambung pendapatan, tidak sedikit dari mereka yang memilih untuk membuka usaha di rumah. Peluang  pendapatan dari usaha rumahan cukup menguntungkan dan risiko dari usaha rumahan kecil. Hal ini dijadikan alternatif bagi mereka untuk mencukupi kebutuhan sehari-hari. Salah satu usaha rumahan yang dapat dikembangkan yaitu usaha produksi kerupuk. Kerupuk merupakan makanan ringan yang sangat familiar dan digemari masyarakat. Metodelogi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu deskriptif kualitatif. Dalam mengumpulkan data peneliti melakukan observasi dan wawancara kepada pemilik usaha poduksi. Keuntungan yang didapat dari usaha ini cukup besar karena sudah banyak memiliki pelanggan tetap dan usaha ini sudah cukup dikenal oleh masyarakat.
Entropy of property in Western and Russian legal doctrine and practice
Authors: Semyakin M. N. , Gubareva A. V. , Stepkin S. P.
Published: June 2021

The subject of the study is a phenomenon of an “entropy” of property, its interpretation, socio-economic conditionality, genesis of its development in European and Russian doctrine, reflection of a construct of “separated” property in the legislation. “Entropy” of property is a situation when both entities are owners, but in different areas of relations: the first person is the owner in relation to third parties, and the second-in relation to the first The goal of this scientific research is to find out reasons of the existence of phenomenon of “entropy of property” in European and Russian legal doctrines, to identify common and specific features of this phenomenon. Methodology. The authors use the general scientific method, including dialectics, comparative analysis, formal logic, historical method. A number of specific methods pertaining to the legal science were used as well: the formal dogmatic method was applied for analysis of ownership within the institute of property rights; the logical legal method was applied to study general tendencies of development of the institute of property rights; the legal comparative method was used to study European and Russian legislation on ownership and other property rights. The main scientific results. The Western legal doctrine of “entropy of property” has quite a long history of development, unlike the Russian. Specific features of the Russian doctrine are result of its historical, political and cultural characteristics. The phenomenon of “entropy of property” has both positive and negative consequences, which requires pluralistic approach to its assessment. “Reunification” of ownership rights on the land plot and other objects located on it, is a result of socio-economic and legal factors and deserves positive assessment. Property rights as elements of titular possession are not based only on law, but may be created by contract as well. Conclusions. The European and Russian legal doctrines on the “entropy of property” have both common and specific features. The common features are: existence of “absolute” ownership, limited property rights, trends of reunification of “separated” property etc. The specific features are: absence of “trust” in the Russian legal system; excessive fragmentation of right of ownership as a large “bundle” of rights; absence of situations when one person may simultaneously hold statuses of owner and holder of a limited property right in the Russian legislation.
The right of emphyteusis in the history of the Russian state (the late 15th – early 20th century)
Authors: Sapunkov A. A. , Sapunkov N. A.
Published: June 2021

The subject. The law of emphyteusis was studied in the Russian Empire in the middle of 19th – beginning of 20th century due to practical significance. The interest in this subject began to revive at the beginning of the 21st century, the first few publications appeared, but they were mostly replicas of Imperial period studies. The law of emphyteusis in Russia before the middle of the 19th century is not researched sufficiently. The purpose of the study is to confirm or disprove hypothesis that the law of emphyteusis was initially implemented in the system of Russian law as a legislative institution, but since the middle of the 19th century it has acquired the status of a local legal custom. The Russian state, having preserved the former system of civil law (the Lithuanian Statute) in the Western lands annexed from Lithuania and Poland, created the basis for the formation of a different system of legal awareness among a part of the population, thereby consolidating the dichotomy of the Empire and the Western provinces. Since the issue of land ownership is a key issue for feudal society, the law of emphyteusis is the most striking example of the split in the unity of the legal system of the Russian state. The methodology. The study is based on a combination of formal-legal and historical-legal methods: the methods of historicism, synchronous and diachronic comparison allow us to get an idea of the socio-political conditions in which the law of emphyteusis was formed and functioned. The main results, scope of application. The institute of emphyteusis (Latin – сensus, German – zins, Polish – czynsz) was formed on the basis of the reception of Roman and Byzantine law in the feudal law of a number of European States. Emphyteusis comes to the PolishLithuanian lands as an element of German law. The article describes the socio-political processes in the territories annexed by Russia from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, where the right of emphyteusis was preserved in the middle of 17th - first half of the 19th century as a local civil law under the Lithuanian Statute system. After the abolition of the Statute of Lithuania (1840) an emphyteusis preserved as a regional legal custom. The analysis of legislation and law enforcement practice on the issue of emphyteusis on the borderlands of the Russian state is carried out. The ineffectiveness of the state policy on the elimination of emphyteusis is noted. Conclusions. The revealed specifics of the development of emphyteusis in the Russian Empire are extremely poorly studied, although they indicate far-reaching consequences in the system of forming the legal consciousness of Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Jewish (Ashkenazi) and other peoples.
Aspect Based Sentimen Analysis Opini Publik Pada Instagram dengan Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Muhammad Arief Rahman  , Herman Budianto  , Esther Irawati Setiawan
Published: June 2021

Internet sebagai sarana informasi dan komunikasi sudah sangat dikenal di kalangan masyarakat dalam menawarkan kemudahan dan fleksibilitas yang cukup memadai ketika menjadi media. Oleh karena itu opini publik terhadap Operator Telekomunikasi merupakan hal yang sangat penting untuk dijadikan patokan. Namun, untuk mengevaluasi umpan balik online itu, bukan masalah sederhana. Kadang-kadang ketika menganalisis ulasan online yang berkembang pesat ini, menjadi sulit untuk mengkategorikan apakah opini pelanggan puas atau tidak puas terhadap produk dan layanan. Selain itu, sebagai bagian dari peningkatan kualitas mereka, organisasi seperti jasa ini perlu mengklasifikasikan aspek produk dan layanan yang paling disukai pelanggan. Deep Learning adalah area baru dalam penelitian Machine Learning, yang telah diperkenalkan dengan tujuan menggerakkan Machine Learning lebih dekat dengan salah satu tujuan aslinya yaitu Artificial Intelligence. Deep Learning adalah tentang belajar beberapa tingkat representasi dan abstraksi yang membantu untuk memahami data seperti gambar, suara, dan teks. Convolutional Neural Network adalah salah satu contoh metode Deep Learning. Metode Convolutional Neural Network diharapkan dapat digunakan dalam pengimplementasian opini publik untuk keperluan data training yang dikumpulkan dari beragam data yang dianotasikan kelas sentimennya secara otomatis. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan dari 4 aspek dan 3 sentimen maka didapatkan nilai rata-rata precision, recall, dan f1-score adalah precision  97.6%, recall 84%, f1-score 90.3%. Bisa disimpulkan score representation ini dapat digunakan untuk klasifikasi sentimen.
Peringkasan Teks Ekstraktif pada Dokumen Tunggal Menggunakan Metode Restricted Boltzmann Machine
Authors: Rully Widiastutik  , Lukman Zaman P. C. S. W  , Joan Santoso
Published: June 2021

Penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu menghasilkan peringkasan teks ekstratif secara otomatis yang dapat membantu menghasilkan dokumen yang lebih pendek dari dokumen aslinya dengan cara mengambil kalimat penting dari dokumen sehingga pembaca dapat memahami isi dokumen dengan cepat tanpa membaca secara keseluruhan. Dataset yang digunakan sebanyak 30 dokumen tunggal teks berita berbahasa Indonesia yang diperoleh dari www.kompas.com pada kategori tekno. Dalam penelitian ini, digunakan sepuluh fitur yaitu posisi kalimat, panjang kalimat, data numerik, bobot kalimat, kesamaan antara kalimat dan centroid, bi-gram, tri-gram, kata benda yang tepat, kemiripan antar kalimat, huruf besar. Nilai fitur setiap kalimat dihitung. Nilai fitur yang dihasilkan ditingkatkan dengan menggunakan metode Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) agar ringkasan yang dihasilkan lebih akurat. Untuk proses pengujian dalam penelitian ini menggunakan ROUGE-1. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian yaitu dengan menggunakan learning rate 0.06 menghasilkan recall, precision dan f-measure tertinggi yakni 0.744, 0.611 dan 0.669. Selain itu, semakin besar nilai compression rate yang digunakan maka hasil recall, precision dan f-measure yang dihasilkan akan semakin tinggi. Hasil peringkasan teks dengan menggunakan RBM memiliki nilai recall lebih tinggi 2.1%, precision lebih tinggi 1.6% dan f-measure lebih tinggi 1.8% daripada hasil peringkasan teks tanpa RBM. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa peringkasan teks dengan menggunakan RBM hasilnya lebih baik daripada peringkasan teks tanpa RBM.
Identifikasi Foto Wanita Berhijab dari Majalah Untuk Pembuatan Katalog Busana Muslim Otomatis Memanfaatkan Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Ridha M. Najamudin , Setyati Endang , Kristian Yosi
Published: June 2021

Abstrak—Perkembangan Fashion Muslim di Indonesia terus meningkat, disisi lain terobosan baru pada Deep Learning dengan memadukan arsitektur seperti dropout regularizations dan Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) sebagai fungsi aktivasi dan data augmentation, mampu mencapai terobosan pada large scale image classification. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deteksi objek wajah dengan Haar Cascades Classification untuk mendapatkan sample dataset wajah dan preprocessing data testing untuk dilanjutkan pada metode machine learning untuk klasifikasi citra dengan Convolutional Neural Network. Dataset yang digunakan adalah kumpulan katalog busana online, dataset yang sudah di preprocessing dibagi menjadi dua kategori, yaitu Hijab untuk semua citra wanita berhijab, dan Non Hijab untuk citra yang bukan wanita berhijab. selanjutnya klasifikasi citra menggunakan data ujicoba majalah digital terbitan Hijabella, Joy Indonesia dan Scarf Indonesia. Semakin besar resolusi citra input untuk preprocessing pada majalah digital, maka akan semakin banyak objek citra yang terdeteksi, dengan meningkatkan jumlah dataset untuk training dan validasi, mampu menambah hasil akurasi yang didapatkan, terjadi peningkatan akurasi pada dataset 2.500 wajah perkategori ke 5.000 wajah perkategori dengan resolusi 720p meningkat dari rata-rata 81.30% menjadi 82.31%, peningkatan rata-rata 1.01% dan tertinggi 2.14%, sedangkan resolusi 1080p meningkat dari rata-rata 83.03% menjadi 83.68%, peningkatan rata-rata 0.65% dan tertinggi 1.73%, akurasi tertinggi adalah sebesar 84.72% menggunakan model dataset 5.000 secara acak perkategori.
The Radical Politics of Subplot: Election and Narrative Collision in Felix Holt
Authors: Yoo Jungmin
Published: June 2021

This article rethinks the underestimated radical potential of George Eliot's Felix Holt: The Radical (1866) by examining how the novel envisions the political sphere of the election as a heterogeneous narrative site that culminates narrative collision, wherein different strands of plot and subplot collide in unpredictable yet explicit ways. While the novel's multiplot structure already harbors subversive potential in that various subplots conspire to thwart the development of relatively conspicuous narrative strands, the fact that these defiant and competitive narrative energies overlap in Treby Magna's electoral occasions suggests Eliot's attempt to reconfigure this political sphere as vitally inclusive and radically unsettling. By examining such procedures, it is not only possible to think beyond previous criticism that has deemed the novel either conservative or radical elsewhere than in the realm of politics, but also possible to newly understand the depth and complexity of Eliot's radical imagination.
Pioneering George Eliot Scholar: A Tribute, Part I
Authors: Baker William
Published: June 2021

This tribute to the pioneering George Eliot scholar, Alfred Abraham Möller, is in two parts. In the first, William Baker explicates Möller's contribution to Eliot scholarship and his personal indebtedness to Möller's work. In the second part, Erika Hirsch, assisted by Markus Neacey, provides biographical details and the immediate historical, social, and political background from which Möller's work emerged.
Trust Zones: A Path to a More Secure Internet Infrastructure
Authors: Clark David , claffy kc
Published: June 2021

This article describes a data-driven approach to improve the security of the Internet infrastructure. We identify the key vulnerabilities, and describe why the barriers to progress are not just technical, but embedded in a complex space of misaligned incentive, negative externalities, lack of agreement as to priority and approach, and missing leadership. We describe current trends in how applications are designed on the Internet, which leads to increasing localization of the Internet experience. Exploiting this trend, we focus on regional security rather than unachievable global security, and introduce a concept we call zones of trust.
When Being Connected is not Enough: An Analysis of the Second and Third Levels of the Digital Divide in a Developing Country
Authors: Ogbo Erezi , Brown Tim , Gant Jon , Sicker Douglas
Published: June 2021

The Internet has been identified as a tool to overcome poverty; by improving communication, facilitating innovation, and driving economic growth. However, as seen in studies on the benefits of Internet adoption and use, the welfare effect of technology is not only based on its adoption, but also from the type of use. In this study, we identified distinct classifications and predictors of Internet activities (second-level digital divide) and Internet outcomes (third-level digital divide) relevant to Sub-Saharan Africa. We discuss possible policies to bridge these levels of the digital divide and raise questions for further research in the area.
Uso y calidad del agua de la Quebrada “El Horno” aplicando el “Índice Holandés” y macroinvertebrados
Authors: Valladares Yefrin , Osorto Alba , Lanza Alicia , Valladares Néstor , Martínez Daniela
Published: June 2021

Introducción. El crecimiento de los procesos de urbanización e industrialización promueve la contaminación de los principales sistemas fluviales en Honduras, derivando en el deterioro de estos cuerpos de agua superficiales. Para analizar el uso del agua superficial se han creado una serie de índices que permiten observar las variaciones en los niveles de contaminación a partir de ciertos parámetros físicos-químicos y biológicos, incluyendo el estudio de macroinvertebrados acuáticos. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la calidad del agua de la Quebrada El Horno, a su paso por la Colonia Nueva Esperanza en Danlí, Honduras y su uso potencial a partir de los valores de los índices Holandés, BMWP-CR e IBF-SV2010. Métodos. Investigación descriptiva de temporalidad transversal. Se definió tres puntos de muestreo a lo largo de la quebrada, tomando mediciones y colecta de macroinvertebrados para determinar los valores de cada índice en dichos puntos. Resultados. Según el Índice Holandés muestras tomadas en el punto alto y medio se clasificaron dentro de la Clase III (Contaminación moderada) mientras que el agua en el punto bajo tuvo una categorización Clase IV (Contaminación severa). Además, los valores para el índice BMWP-CR e IBF-SV 2010 confirmaron la mala calidad del agua, evidenciando la mayor afectación en el punto bajo. Conclusión. El agua de la Quebrada El Horno, requiere tratamientos avanzados que generen una depuración de contaminantes químicos, microbiológicos y físicos por la contaminación proveniente del punto alto y medio reflejada en las poblaciones de macroinvertebrados a lo largo de esta fuente de agua.
Selección de pórticos para edificios de apartamentos aplicando la Ingeniería de Valor
Authors: Oliva Fernando
Published: June 2021

Introducción. El incremento de construcciones verticales en el Municipio del Distrito Central (MDC) se ha evidenciado durante la última década en Honduras, producto del crecimiento poblacional y consecuente incremento en la demanda de vivienda. El objetivo del estudio fue aplicar la Ingeniería de Valor en un análisis comparativo que permita facilitar la selección entre los pórticos de concreto reforzado y de acero estructural para edificios de apartamentos del MDC. Los hallazgos servirán como una guía para los involucrados en el auge de dichos proyectos en los últimos años. Métodos. El estudio fue descriptivo, ya que los pórticos de concreto reforzado y pórticos de acero fueron comparados mediante la evaluación de diversas variables significativas para ambas soluciones constructivas. Los criterios utilizados fueron basados en profesionales de la ingeniería civil y la arquitectura de empresas consultoras y constructoras, así como los resultados del cálculo de costos y tiempos por m2 obtenidos del modelo de un edificio de 7 niveles. Resultados. Los pórticos de concreto reforzado resultaron con un puntaje de 3.42 y un índice de valor de 0.00203, mientras que los pórticos de acero presentaron un puntaje de 2.72 y un índice de valor de 0.00038. Conclusión. Los pórticos de concreto reforzado son una solución más eficiente en comparación con los pórticos de acero, bajo las consideraciones especificas seleccionadas por la presente investigación.
Caracterización de la macrofauna edáfica en diferentes sistemas agroforestales, en el Municipio de San Ramón, Departamento de Matagalpa, Nicaragua
Authors: Quiroz Medina Conrado R. , Castellón Juan D. , Cea Navas Noelia E. , Ortiz Mirna S. , Zuniga-Gonzalez Carlos A.
Published: June 2021

El presente estudio de focalizo en caracterizar la macrofauna edáfica en tres diferentes sistemas agroforestales: CMIEA: Café, musáceas, Inga, Erithryna y árboles, CIE: Café, Inga, Erithryna y árboles y CA: Café y árboles en época seca y época lluviosa. Cada sistema tenía 900m2, presentaban aproximadamente 6 especies arbóreas por sistema. Se tomaron 32 monolitos por época, y este se dividió en cuatros estratos (hojarasca, 0 a 10cm, 10 a 20cm y 20 a 30cm) con el método recomendado por el Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Programme.  La macrofauna se conservó en alcohol al 70%, exceptuando las lombrices que fueron preservadas con formalina al 4% y se trasladaron al Laboratorio de Entomología del Departamento de Agroecología de la UNAN-León para su respectiva edificación. Los resultados demuestran que los valores mayores de la abundancia se presentaron en la época lluviosa (391 individuos) y en la época seca (324 individuos). La mayor abundancia se encontró en el sistema CMIEA (162 individuos) en la época lluviosa y mínima en el sistema CA (91 individuos) en la época seca. El índice de diversidad de Shannon fue más alto en el sistema CA (2.73) en la época seca y mínimo en el sistema CIE (1.44). Los arreglos de los sistemas agroforestales no influyen en la abundancia de la macrofauna, sin embargo, favorece la presencia de especie de Philoscidae y lombrices de suelos orden Haplotaxida.
Selección de gasificador para la generación de energía eléctrica a pequeña escala empleando biomasa agricola
Authors: Blanco Orozco Napoleón V.
Published: June 2021

En este artículo se analizan los diferentes tipos de equipos de gasificación para la conversión de la biomasa de residuos agrícolas en energía eléctrica en pequeña escala. Se empleó la teoría fundamentada mediante un proceso metodológico que incluyó el análisis de citas, códigos, memos, familias de códigos y las relaciones entre estos elementos a través del examen de redes para estudiar los diferentes tipos de gasificadores y enlazar los conceptos que permitieran su selección para una aplicación específica. Además, se utilizó el método de comparación cualitativa mediante el empleo de indicadores y criterios técnicos para determinar que el gasificador de lecho móvil (down draft) resulta más apropiado para la generación de electricidad a partir de la gasificación de biomasa de residuos agrícolas en pequeña escala.
Diseño térmico de un intercambiador de calor de doble tubo aleteado para el enfriamiento de metanol
Authors: Pérez Sánchez Amaury , Valero Almanza Greisy Ivety , Ranero González Elizabeth , Pérez Sánchez Eddy Javier
Published: June 2021

En el presente trabajo se efectuó el diseño térmico de un intercambiador de calor de doble tubo con tubos aleteados para efectuar el enfriamiento de metanol. Se realizaron además dos estudios de sensibilidad para determinar la influencia que presenta un incremento de tanto el caudal de alimentación (mc) como la temperatura de entrada del metanol (T1) sobre cuatro parámetros de diseño del intercambiador. El intercambiador de calor diseñado tendrá una eficiencia de la aleta de 0,236, un factor de limpieza de 0,60, un área de transferencia de calor bajo condiciones de ensuciamiento de 20,53 m2 y un número total de horquillas igual a tres para cumplir con la demanda térmica del sistema. Tanto la caída de presión calculada del agua de enfriamiento (5 880,39 Pa) como la del metanol (70 711,91 Pa) se encuentran por debajo de los límites máximos fijados por el proceso. Se necesita una potencia de bombeo de 17,52 W y 160,62 W para impulsar el agua de enfriamiento y el metanol respectivamente. Se recomienda que mc no supere los 5 800 kg/h, mientras que T1 puede incrementarse hasta 80 ºC sin que esto afecte negativamente la caída de presión del agua de enfriamiento, aunque esto incrementa la potencia de bombeo del agua de enfriamiento.

En el presente trabajo se efectuó el diseño térmico de un intercambiador de calor de doble tubo con tubos aleteados para efectuar el enfriamiento de metanol. Se realizaron además dos estudios de sensibilidad para determinar la influencia que presenta un incremento de tanto el caudal de alimentación (mc) como la temperatura de entrada del metanol (T1) sobre cuatro parámetros de diseño del intercambiador. El intercambiador de calor diseñado tendrá una eficiencia de la aleta de 0,236, un factor de limpieza de 0,60, un área de transferencia de calor bajo condiciones de ensuciamiento de 20,53 m2 y un número total de horquillas igual a tres para cumplir con la demanda térmica del sistema. Tanto la caída de presión calculada del agua de enfriamiento (5 880,39 Pa) como la del metanol (70 711,91 Pa) se encuentran por debajo de los límites máximos fijados por el proceso. Se necesita una potencia de bombeo de 17,52 W y 160,62 W para impulsar el agua de enfriamiento y el metanol respectivamente. Se recomienda que mc no supere los 5 800 kg/h, mientras que T1 puede incrementarse hasta 80 ºC sin que esto afecte negativamente la caída de presión del agua de enfriamiento, aunque esto incrementa la potencia de bombeo del agua de enfriamiento.
Resistive maintenance and equipment criticality indexes
Authors: Seyed Hosseini Seyed Mohammad , Shahanaghi Kamran , Shasfand Safar
Published: June 2021

Optimum maintenance of hundreds of thousands of equipment used by each company is one of the main challenges of maintenance, operation, and procurement managers. Continuous production and competition in the business environment and resource constraints require that the vital equipment of each company must be controlled, monitored, and considered. To do this, identifying critical and essential equipment is necessary. In this paper, a formula was defined by field surveys and preferences of 75 petrochemical industry experts and managers to determine the equipment sensitivity index. Experts' opinions extracted ten compelling features in determining the sensitivity of the equipment, and the weighting coefficient of each one was obtained by using the group decision-making method, Analytical Hierarchy Process. The introduction of the resistive maintenance index formula represents the capability to use strengths and opportunities and sustainability and resistance against weaknesses and threats. The original formula has five sub-indicators consisting of equipment effectiveness, labor effectiveness, cost efficiency, degree of endogeneity, extraversion and exogeneity, and the rate of health, safety, and environmental events. From the perspective of 64 specialists, the group decision-making method and paired comparison matrix were used to determine their weighting coefficient.
The impact study of the role of job rotation system effectiveness on work enthusiasm
Authors: Ghaffari Massoud , Rasoul Aghadavood Seyed , Reza Dalvi Mohammad
Published: June 2021

In today's world, human capital is considered as the highest and most valuable asset of an organization, which affects the profits and losses of any company. The organizations that exist in these societies must be able to utilize human resources effectively. Job rotation is one of the management measures in the field of human resource management. It can create a creative, ideal, and secure organization that ensures commitment, knowledge transfer, skills acquisition, innovation, creativity, experience, job satisfaction, enthusiasm, exhaustion reduction, and human capital growth. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of job rotation system on work motivation (studied in the region of two gas transfer operations). The present study is a correlation from the field and in terms of purpose and nature of application and in terms of descriptive-survey method and in terms of cross-sectional time. The statistical population of the study is 850 personnel (managers, experts and employees) of the region of two gas transmission operations. Using Cochran's formula, the sample size for limited communities is 285 people. The statistical population of the study consists of heterogeneous groups (formal and informal forces, managers and employees) using stratified random sampling method. In order to collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire with 20 items and a standard job motivation questionnaire with 17 items were used. The questionnaire is divided based on a five-point Likert scale. Reliability and validity were calculated and the value of 0.881 was obtained, which indicates the appropriate reliability of the questionnaires. To investigate the relationship and research hypotheses, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression, SPSS software and LISREL software were tested. The results show that the dimensions of job rotation such as human capital development and changes in human capital are related to work enthusiasm. Pearson correlation coefficient is 0.842 and 0.368, respectively, which indicates a good correlation. Also, the development and changes of human capital have a significant effect on job motivation and the standard beta value was 0.343 and 0.281, respectively, and all research hypotheses have been confirmed.
Critical analyzed information of International Air Transport Association (Divulgation paper)
Authors: Almuqati Mohammed
Published: June 2021

The International Air Transport Association aims at representing the airline industry by enhancing awareness about the benefits of airlines to the national economies, and in this way, improving decision making regarding airline activities. Integrity is an important value if at all member airlines are expected to have trust in the organization’s duty to protect their interest. The main benefit that airlines can gain in joining IATA is the ability to be adequately represented by an organization whose voice in the industry is powerful. Member airlines are also assured of financial success as IATA recommends best practices that should be implemented in order to uphold safety, environmental sustainability, and efficient processes. Ultimately, IATA’s role in championing for the rights of airlines has been influential, and the improved performance in the industry is evidence that the association’s efforts have been fruitful.
Security of assemblies in the Republic of Poland and the Czech Republic – administrative and legal conditions
Authors: Jurgilewicz Marcin , Socha Robert , Ščurek Radomír
Published: June 2021

The organization of assemblies in the Republic of Poland and in the Czech Republic is
an increasingly common occurrence in public life. The freedom of peaceful assembly
enables their participants to express their views, which in a democratic state under
the rule of law is a desired expression of the constitutional rights and freedoms of individuals.
Therefore the course of gatherings should be safe not only for its participants,
but also for the attendees. The organizer, law enforcement and police officers are
responsible for the safe conduct of the assembly. On the other hand, technical and logistical
considerations are also important for the security of assemblies. The pandemic
currently experienced by the majority of societies not only in Europe, but also on other
continents, makes a significant impact on the sphere of law and civil liberties, including
the right to organize assemblies. This paper addresses the issue of security of assemblies
in Poland and the Czech Republic from the point of view of administrative solutions
implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper constitutes the result of team
research conducted as part of a scientific internship by the Authors in Fakulta bezpečnostního
inženýrství, Bezpečnostních služeb – Vysoká škola báňská – Technická
univerzita Ostrava in the Czech Republic.
Role of parents in the education of students under pandemic conditions
Authors: Kravchenko Oksana
Published: June 2021

This paper summarizes the approaches to the development of socio-psychological and pedagogical activities that would contribute to the successful implementation of syllabi under quarantine restrictions and the creation of a safe educational space, would provide support to all participants of the educational process: fully-abled students, students with disabilities and parents, would help to restore physical and mental health under conditions of heavy workload and social isolation. In this context, the joint project of Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University, Department of Education and Inclusive Resource Center of Uman City Council entitled “Social inclusion of distance learning” within the research topic “Socio-psychological rehabilitation of children and youth with special educational needs by means of inclusive tourism”(state registration number: 0119U103978), is of particular importance. The research consisted of several stages: the development of questionnaires for parents as full participants of the educational process; conducting a questionnaire survey using google applications (1091 parents took part in the survey), analysis and interpretation of the results in order to identify the main problems related to the organization of distance learning and the psycho-emotional state under conditions of quarantine restrictions; the development of methodological recommendations on the basis of the research results. The purpose of the study was to identify the relationship between the socio-economic and psychosocial status of parents and its impact on the results of educational achievements of children in the period of distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Special attention was devoted to parents raising children with disabilities.
Frauen im Sikhismus
Authors: Rennhofer Martina
Published: June 2021

The origination of Sikhism through Guru Nanak in 15th century India led to a revolutionary liberalisation and elevation of the status of women. Throughout time, Sikh women have experienced expansions but also limitations of their gender roles, and in this work, they themselves speak out for the first time in this regard. They speak about their status, their role and their self-image as women in society and, due to the loss of their equality in many areas of life, call for a return to the original teachings of the gurus. The author primarily focuses on the situation of Sikh women in India and Austria.
High Doses of Kefir Accelerate Lung-Injury Progression in Bleomycin-Induced Pneumonitis in Rats
Authors: Raras Tri Yudani Mardining , Hidayati Nurul , Wardhani Shinta Oktya
Published: June 2021

Background: Bleomycin-induced pneumonitis (BIP) is a common consequence of bleomycin (BLE) use during chemotherapy. Kefir is a probiotic with many health benefits. Many cancer patients in Indonesia consume kefir as a complementary traditional medicine alongside standard chemotherapy. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of high-dose kefir consumption on BIP in a rat model. Methods: Wistar male rats were given 0.3 mg of BLE via intranasal inhalation for 6 days with a daily intragastric administration of either phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or kefir at dosages of 2.5 mL, 3.5 mL, and 4.5 mL per day for 30 days. On day 30, lung sections were obtained and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histological examinations. Immunohistochemistry tests were carried out to determine the activity levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, signal transducer, and activator of transcription (STAT)-3. TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations in plasma were also evaluated. Results: Histological results showed damage to the lung structure by inflammation with diffuse infiltrate, with some areas exhibiting slight fibrosis. The number of alveolar epithelial cells expressing MMP-1 significantly increased with the kefir dosage. Interestingly, only the highest dose of kefir raised IL-6 levels, while TNF-α levels increased at all kefir doses. STAT-3 showed a slight increase in activity level. As MMP-1 works to degrade fibrosis while both TNF-α and Il-6 are correlated with inflammation, these findings might explain the observed histological changes in lung structure in the BLE and kefir groups. Conclusions: The administration of high doses of kefir in rats increased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which worsened BIP.