bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Multi-phase Physics-Based Modeling Methodology to Study Engine Cylinder-kit Assembly Tribology and Design Considerations- Part I
Authors: Chowdhury Sadiyah Sabah , Kharazmi Ali , Atis Cyrus , Schock Harold
Published: September 2020

Understanding cylinder-kit tribology is pivotal to durability, emission management, reduced oil consumption, and efficiency of the internal combustion engine. This work addresses the understanding of the fundamental aspects of oil transport and combustion gas flow in the cylinder kit, using simulation tools and high-performance computing. A dynamic three-dimensional multi-phase, multi-component modeling methodology is demonstrated to study cylinder-kit assembly tribology during the four-stroke cycle of a piston engine. The percentage of oil and gas transported through different regions of the piston ring pack is predicted, and the mechanisms behind this transport are analyzed. The velocity field shows substantial circumferential flow in the piston ring pack, leading to blowback into the combustion chamber during the expansion stroke. Oil initialization and management of a continuous supply of oil throughout the cycle are observed to govern how much oil would be lost to the crankcase and combustion chamber. The calculated blow-by results agree with the results of a quasi-one-dimensional cylinder-kit analysis system of programs known as CASE (Cylinder-kit Analysis System for Engines). Implementing this three-dimensional methodology leads to a better understanding of cylinder-kit fluid flow physics. The findings presented in this work pave the way to further the ongoing development effort of optimum cylinder kit designs with controlled gas leakage, low oil consumption, and low cylinder kit friction.
Microplastics from degradation of tires in sewer networks of the city of Riobamba, Ecuador
Authors: Paredes Marcel , Viteri Rafaela , Castillo Tito , Caminos Cristian , Ebere Enyoh Christian
Published: September 2020

Microplastics are small synthetic particles that come from petroleum derivatives, are difficult to degrade and their origin is found in industrial activity and domestic consumption, even in tires. The presence of small particles (0.1 μm to < 5 mm) of plasticizer Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and synthetic rubber, which due to their size and origin are called microplastics. The friction occurs between the asphalt in contact with the tires of cars generate the detachment of small residues of it, these residues come to contain a DEHP element. Simple residual water samples were carried out in the different sewage collectors in Riobamba city, 250 mL of each of these samples were filtered using vacuum suction equipment, to then examine the filters with a visual microscope. Obtaining as a result that 80% of the samples taken and analyzed in the laboratory contain the clear presence of DEHP plasticizer from the friction of tires (confirmed by the Principal Component Analysis) with the asphalting of the streets of the city of Riobamba, and that only 20% of the samples analyzed do not present DEHP plasticizer of this type, generating a medium risk for the health of humans and aquatic animals in the sector.
Effectiveness of Sterile Insect Technique for Medfly (Ceratitis capitata, Wiedemann, 1824) Control in Citrus Orchards of Moulouya Perimeter North East of Morocco
Authors: Jamal BEN YAZID  , Z. CHAFIK  , I. BIBI  , E. KHARMACH
Published: September 2020

The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) is an effective pest control method developed worldwide against many species of Fruit Flies. It involves the release of male insects sterilized, at pupae instar, by exposure to ionizing radiation.  The Area-wide control of medfly (Ceratitis capitata), with SIT based on sterile males release combined to other control techniques, was implemented since 2017 as a pilot area in Moulouya Perimeter in North-eastern Morocco. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of this tool in controlling Medfly and estimate sterile male population densities from data collected from trap catches after the release of a pre-determined number of sterile males in five Citrus orchards (0, 500, 1000 and 3000 sterile males per hectare) and the calculation of FTD (fly/trap/day) of sterile and wild males. The result showed that the percentage of recaptured males and FTD Sterile indices were related to release density by power function regression, while the sterile to wild ratio and release density were linear regression-adjusted. The finding confirmed the effectiveness of release in reducing the fly population in the TIS area by reducing the rate of citrus infestation in field and export shipments.
Germination, Growth and Development of Mangifera indica L. Varieties Used as Rootstocks on Different Substrates
Authors: Ousmane NDIAYE  , Boubacar CAMARA  , Antoine SAMBOU  , Saliou NDIAYE
Published: September 2020

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is a tree of the family Anacardiaceae, native to southern Asia, widely cultivated in tropical countries for its fruit, the mango. The mango production has achieved worldwide usefulness as a fruit, a medicinal use and a economic importance.  Despite the importance of Mangifera indica L. Senegal is facing to the loss of the mango productivity and the decline of mango tree diversity. It is therefore important to improve the selection and the genetically improvement of the rootstocks. This study aims to test the germination, growth and development of Mangifera indica L varieties locally known as Diourou, Siera Leone, Pince and Kouloubadaseky on three types of substrates. The substrates used were three potting of forest soil of Anacardium occidentale, Mangifera indica and Khaya senegalensis. Thus, the nuts of the different varieties were sown in sheaths filled with pure potting forest soil from the different substrates (Anacardium occidentale, Mangifera indica and Khaya senegalensis. A germination test and a follow-up of seedlings on different substrates was carried out in the nursery to determine the effect of substrates on growth parameters. The germination dynamics of the three varieties reveals two peaks the first at the 24th day for Diourou and Kouloubadaseky varieties and another the 34th day for the Siera Leone and Pince varieties on all substrates. And the overall germination rate is 63.22% ± 1.88. The results showed that the number of stems per seed depends on the variety but not on the substrates. The Principal Component Analysis showed significative correlations between parameters such as the number of leaves, the height and the diameter at the crown of the stem. The analysis of variance showed a significant difference (P-value˂0.05) between varieties and according to the substrate on the parameters studied. All this information can be basic use for growers when choosing the varieties and type of substrate for mango rootstock production in their nurseries.
Influence of Use of Non-Inverting Amplifier on Power and Torque
Authors: Yulian David , Putra Dwi Sudarno , Martias Martias
Published: September 2020

In the automotive field there are several ways to improve motorcycle performance. One of them can be done through fuel system optimization as outlined in this article. Optimization in this case is to add a non-inverting amplifiers circuit. Based on the results of the study, obtained the maximum average power data when using a non-inverting amplifier is 17.1 HP at 10885 RPM engine speed. Data before using a non-inverting amplifier is only 14.13 HP with 10167 RPM. Power increases by an average of 2.97HP (21.02%). The highest torque when using a non-inverting amplifier is 11.55 N.m. at 7970 RPM engine speed. When not using a non-inverting amplifier, torque is 10.46 N.m at 8112 RPM engine speed. Torque increases at an average of 1.09 N.m (10.42%).
Toughness Differentiation of Welded Low Carbon Steel By Using Baked Low Hydrogen Electrode (E7018) and Low Hydrogen Electrode Without Baking Process
Authors: Rahman Prasetya Didi , Jasman Jasman , Helmi Nofri
Published: September 2020

Low hydrogen electrode known as lime type, due lime ferritic or lime flourspar countain. This electrode produce low hydrogen weld metal, which can dissolve weld metal from embrittlement and or cracking, the coating developed to contain low amount of moisture so storage handling should be carefully, unused electrode must rebaked at temperatures between 260-425ºC for 2-6 hours. This research purpose to know imfluence of toughness welding result by using baked low hydrogen electrode on low carbon steel. This research using experimental method, 12 speciment divided into 4 groups specimen, specimen A welded by using electrode without baking process, specimen B welded by using baked electrode at 260ºC, specimen C welded by using baked electrode at 343ºC and spesimen D welded by using baked electrode at 435ºC. After the test obtained the average potential energy amount 65,8107 Nm and average impact amont 0,81539x106 N/m from spesimen A, spesimen B obtain average potential energy amount 81,9396 Nm and average impact amount 1,00251x106 N/m, spesimen C obtain average potential energy amount 126,3913 Nm and average impact amount 1,56703x106 N/m, and spesimen D obtain average potential energy amount 92,5795 Nm and average impact amount 1,13445x106 N/m. The most tough specimen in C group, with average potential energy amount 126,3913 Nm and average impact amount 1,56703x106 N/m.
Influence of Fuel Type Gasoline For Power, Torque, And Emissions On 4 Stroke Motorcycles
Authors: Susanto Miki Tri , Andrizal Andrizal , Martias Martias
Published: September 2020

Various assumptions circulating in the community about the use of fuel types on motorcycles, among others; First use of a conventional motorcycle with a low compression can help clean the burn chamber, improve the performance of the engine, and no difference the perceived premium fuel users have on the EFI motorcycle with the compression Lower. The angapan caused the user to prefer Premium fuel due to a more economical price. This study was conducted to determine the influence of fuel usage on machine performance with multiple criteria. There is a treatment applied to the research object, so to get the desired data on this research using the experimental method. The resulting power drop occurred on the use of premium and pertalite fuels when compared with the power generated on the use of first fuel. The biggest power decline occurred in the comparison of power between first fuel with premium with a large decrease of 4.32%.
Influence of Temperature and Time Carbonization on Calorific Value of Charcoal Briquette Raw Materials Areca Nut Husk
Authors: Camarta Riski , Nurdin Hendri , Erizon Nelvi , Arafat Andril
Published: September 2020

Areca nut husk is one type of biomass that can be used as raw material for briquettes as an alternative energy producer. Charcoal briquettes are solid fuels that can be used as alternative fuels in an effort to meet energy needs. This study aims to assess the quality of areca nut charcoal briquettes through carbonization at temperatures of 200 ° C, 250 ° C, 300 ° C, 350 ° C and 400 ° C at holding times for 30, 60 and 90 minutes. The study was conducted by pyrolysis of areca nut briquettes which had been formed and dried. Testing the quality of charcoal briquettes includes calorific value analysis. The results of this study indicate the highest heating value of coir briquette charcoal is at carbonization temperature of 300 ° C for 60 minutes at 20979,13632 KJ/Kg.

Serat buah pinang merupakan salah satu jenis biomassa yang dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi bahan baku briket sebagai penghasil energi alternatif dalam mengurangi penggunaan bahan bakar fosil (minyak bumi). Briket arang merupakan bahan bakar padat yang dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan bakar alternatif dalam upaya untuk dapat memenuhi kebutuhan energi. Pembuatan briket menggunakan perekat tapioka dengan komposisi biomassa dan perekat sebanyak 80% dan 20%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kualitas briket arang serat buah pinang melalui proses karbonisasi pada temperatur 200°C, 250°C, 300°C, 350°C dan 400°C pada waktu tahan selama 30, 60 dan 90 menit. Pengujian kualitas briket arang meliputi analisis nilai kalor. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan nilai kalor briket arang serat buah pinang tertinggi terdapat pada temperatur karbonisasi 300°C selama 60 menit sebesar 20979,13632 KJ/Kg.
Oncology Clinical Trials During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lara Gongora Aline , Jardim Denis , Assed Bastos Diogo
Published: September 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has rapidly spread all over the world in the past several months. No effective treatment for COVID-19 has been established. High transmissibility and considerable mortality rates have forced many national governments to implement quarantine measures. Many patients with cancer rely on clinical trials to receive their oncologic care, but the routine conduct of clinical trials has substantially changed because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The oncology research community should implement formal policies based on the guidance given from regulatory agencies, with the goal of minimizing the risks of COVID-19 infection while maintaining appropriate oncologic treatments for patients during this pandemic.
Immunotherapy In Advanced Lung Cancer
Authors: Huang Joy , Reckamp Karen
Published: September 2020

Historically, platinum-based chemotherapy was the standard of care for metastatic lung cancer. However, since the success of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in melanoma, PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 immune checkpoint pathways have been established as effective therapies to manage advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and extensive-stage (ES) small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Multiple large-scale randomized clinical trials have analyzed the effects of ICIs in NSCLC, and results of these trials have since translated to the approval of single-agent PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, and the combination of PD-1 inhibitors with platinum-based chemotherapy has become the new standard of care for patients with advanced NSCLC. Furthermore, in ES SCLC, in which chemotherapy or chemoradiation has been the standard of care for decades, 2 anti–PD-1/PD-L1 agents have been approved for use in the frontline setting for ES SCLC, in combination with chemotherapy. Despite progressive integration of immunotherapy into treatment regimens, there remains a need for reliable biomarkers to precisely determine therapy candidates.
Large Gastric Perforation in Carmi Syndrome: A Morbid Complication in a Rare Association
Authors: Joshi M , Krishnan L , Kuruvila S
Published: September 2020

The association between epidermolysis bullosa (EB) and congenital pyloric atresia (CPA) named Carmi Syndrome is rare. We report unusual and morbid complication of gastric perforation resulting in peritonitis in a preterm neonate born with Carmi Syndrome.
The stability of money demand in Kazakhstan
Authors: Azizova Dinoza
Published: September 2020

The objective of this research paper is to identify and analyze and investigate the domestic money demand in Kazakhstan. While in other counties money demand relies on the several factors such as: income among the population, inﬂation rates, real foreign interest rates, stock prices and exchange rates, we will try to find out the key dependent elements for Kazakhstan, since each country is unique and has its own benefits in terms of economy. To do so, different articles, starting all the way from the years of 2000 will be used, due to the limited amount of information available in this related topic.
Applying machine learning models for predicting forest fires in Australia and the influence of weather on the spread of fires based on satellite and weather forecast data.
Authors: Meraliyev Bakhtiyor Askarovich , Kongratbayev Kurmangazy Sakenuly
Published: September 2020

What shall we expect from the year 2020? The coronavirus pandemic is not the worst thing that humanity can face in the near future. According to the observations of the scientists, in March, 2020, the planet temperature warmed up to the record-high level. Also, the temperature of the world’s oceans exceeded its average temperatures by 80%, and prognosis of the meteorological observations is not good. The warming seas had already led to catastrophic disaster. The average temperature increase can also lead to hurricanes, drought, invasion of locusts and, the worst, to forest fires. Natural disasters lead to loss of life, destruction of properties and infrastructure, loss of animal natural habitats, displacement of humans. And the results of these all lead to humanitarian catastrophes, including social and economic.The situations related to the nature are always very serious, as the whole world is involved. This is like butterfly effect, i.e., the natural disaster in Australia affect the economic and ecologic situation in USA and England. Taking the Australia, they faced problem that cannot be avoided. Nevertheless, the world can be prepared and prevent from the huge disasters. The forecasting of forest fires can really be helpful, as well as the inquiry of the weather impact on fires. The current paper is focused on the study of fire forecasting and weather influence on fire. The relevance of the study is important, as the global warming and human caused fires are increasing and there is a trend that Australia’s fires became more dangerous and longer lasting. The artificial intelligence, particularly machine learning algorithms, can help to make appropriate calculations and predictions to safe the ecosystem and human lives.According to the preliminary research results we acquire; in-depth multidimensional analysis confirms almost 100 percent dependence of bushfires on the weather conditions. Using the machine learning algorithms, it would be possible to predict the time and positioning of inflammation source.
Impact of use of technology in mathematics lessons on student achievement and attitudes
Authors: Sabyr Zhanerke
Published: September 2020

These days, it is accepted that when innovation is utilized suitably in study hall guidance, it has a positive effect on understudy accomplishment or achievement. In addition, utilizing innovation in training or showing assists instructors with giving quick input to understudies and inspires dynamic understudy learning, joint effort, and participation. It additionally assists educators with giving individualized learning openings and adaptability for their understudies.About portion of the understudies were undecided in their perspective towards use of development, around 33% of the assemble delighted in using informative advancement in exercise; yet reasonable over a fourth of the understudies imparted negative perspectives towards using enlightening advancement. As far as tendency, about portion of the understudies supported the use of informative advancement in exercise, in a manner of speaking 16.5% of them didn't support the use of development, and reasonable more than 33% of them were uncertain.My study exploring student success with the use of educational technology was conducted using mathematics as the subject, and it could be repeated with other school subjects. The findings in this study can shed light on the use of educational technology for teaching mathematics in similar education systems around the globe, in order to encourage education administrators to implement use of educational technology in mathematics lessons.
Effects of formulating math problems on primary students` performance
Authors: Abdilazim Assel , Auyesbay Bagzada
Published: September 2020

In maths classrooms at every level in all countries of the world, students can be observed solving problems. The quality and genuineness of these maths problems has been the theme of many arguments and debates in recent years.In this article we are going to show and compare the performance of primary school students using our experiment. We collected 20 second-grade students and conducted a lesson with traditional way of teaching. At next lesson we had took an examination to check if our students have comprehended the material and  got the results. The next lesson they  were given tasks to pose problems related to the same topic we had learned last time and took  another exam with the same level of difficulty and a slight change of numbers and got the results as well. The change and progress of students impressed us.
Var analysis and monetary transmission mechanism in Kazakhstan
Authors: Rakisheva Aliya , Kalikhan A , Saydaliev Hayot Berk
Published: September 2020

We explore monetary policy transmission by estimating VAR impulse response functions to illustrate the Kazakhstan economy’s response to unexpected changes in policy.This article helps to evaluate the work of the main channels of the monetary policy transmission mechanism, namely, the work of the interest rate channel, exchange rate, and lending channel in the  Republic of Kazakhstan, by the help of vector regression model (VAR). It was revealed that the  main transmission channel in the study period from 2005 to 2019 in Kazakhstan was the exchange  rate channel.The other two remaining channels of the monetary policy transmission mechanism (the bank lending channel and the interest rate channel) were of secondary importance.We find a significant exchange rate pass-through to prices, and interest rate policy following, rather than leading, financial market developments.  Our estimated monetary policy reaction function shows the central bank striking a balance between real exchange rate stability and containing inflation. We discuss dollarization, administrative interventions, and other features complicating monetary policy transmission, review specific constraints and vulnerabilities, and conclude with observations on possible measures that could raise the effectiveness of monetary policy in Kazakhstan.
تعليم مهارة الاستماع للناطقين بغير العربية
Authors: Maulidati
Published: September 2020

Listening skills are one of the most important language skills and must be learned by all students, and it is the most important language art off all time in teaching Arabic to speakers of other language. These language skills occupy first place in language skills. Then speaking, reading and writing skills. Listening is an important factor in communication process, because it always playts an important role in teching and learning throughout the age, but listening skills are often ignored bechouse everyone assumed that students can listen on their own. They just listen if asked, but this opinion eventually changes. Research has proven that listening skills are process that requires practice and learning
PERAN APLIKASI WHATSAPP SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN DALAM MATA KULIAH METODOLOGI PENELITIAN
Authors: Abidah Abidah
Published: September 2020

Social media is the most popular service at the moment. Its users can communicate with each other, interact, share, network, and various other activities. Currently, one of the social media that can be used easily by students is WhatsApp. More effort is needed to find creative ways to increase students’ activity in learning. Looking the development of technology and the increasing number of users, the use of social media such as WhatsApp is very appropriate to be applied in the learning process. The use of WhatsApp in the learning process will give students the ability to get more information, lecturers, to be connected with study groups and other education systems with the same topics and problems, will make the learning process more interesting. This research was conducted to look  the role of whatsApp as a leraning media in studying research methodology to increase student learning activities.  The purposes of this research is to know to what extent knowing the media based on WhatsApp instant messaging application can be used to improve activity learning in studying research methodology. The data was analysed using descriptive statistical method by using percentage. There is 94 % of student improve their  learning outcome in studying research methodology.  The result of data analyzes shown there are significant effects of the role of WhatsApp as a learning media in studying research methodology to increase student learning activities.
REALITAS PERILAKU BERAGAMA KOMUNITAS TUKANG SAMPAH DI KELURAHAN GUNUNGSARI KECAMATAN RAPPOCINI KOTA MAKASSAR
Authors: Muslimin Abdul Azis , Baharuddin Baharuddin
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this research to review and analyze the behavior of religious community garbage man , and role of stakeholders terahadap religious training for the poor , especially the garbage men in Rappocini in Gunung Sari village cider in the City of Makassar.

Type this research qualitative analysis method use phenomenology descriptive approach.Target this report is written by observing work garbage man in the afternoon until night car come when container, and there are around 13 one who fill from garbage exertion container taken from house to house in their respective work areas in several RT/RW. Types of data on used covering, primary data, the data obtained in the field through interviews deeply to the informants.Secondary data, the data obtained of documents that is in the government Gunung Sari Makassar City. Focus group discussion (FGD ), this activity was carried out under the coordination of sub-district government Gunung Sari kecamatan rappocini makassar city.

The research results show that religious behavior community garbage man in gunung sari Kecamataan Rappocini City of Makassar very pragmatic characterized by simple once they perceive. Religious working as a trash is an option that inevitable for existence of poor people like this be punctuated the urban community because the informal sector they touch highly improbable touched by the bourgeois or economic as well as the conglomerate top, and the presence of stakeholders and the focus of intense kajiannya to social issues is really needed in order to meet the needs of their spiritual.Muhammadiyah University as a college, characterized by religious should make the very sent Tridarma College with had expanded coaching, religious communities like this let alone college were inside sub-districts Rappocini is.
PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP KEGIATAN KULIAH PENGABDIAN MASYARAKAT (KPM)
Authors: Syahputra Andi , Putra Heri Rahmatsyah
Published: September 2020

Students as educated humans formed in tertiary education must certainly be tested for their maturity in meeting the tri dharma of tertiary institutions. One of them is by carrying out community service or community service lecture (CSL). But in its application, of course, the community has an assessment or perception of the presence of CSL students. Through this study, the writer tries to do a study on how the community's perception of the STAI Ar-Ridho student community service lecture activities in the Kepenghuluan Sungai Manasib. The formulation of the problem in this study is how people's perceptions of the fifth generation of STAI Ar-Ridho student service learning activities in Kepenghuluan Sungai Manasib, Bangko Pusako District. The purpose of this study was to determine public perceptions of the fifth generation of STAI Ar-Ridho student service learning activities in the Kepenghuluan Sungai Manasib Bangko Pusako District. Through descriptive qualitative research methods that describe in depth about what is obtained from informants. The author uses the subject and research informants are the apparatus of knowledge and community knowledge of the Manasib River. From the results of this research, it was found that the perception of the Manasib River pengululuan community towards CSL students was very good and supported all kinds of activities carried out during that time both for the development and development of the Sungai Manasib zoning area. Of course the mindset and public understanding of the things conveyed by students are not all understood, but the community still supports positive activities by STAI Ar-Ridho CSL students.
Innovative Organization within Local Government: An Innovation Class
Authors: Salvador Sharon
Published: September 2020

Innovation is often identified with the use of new methods by profit organizations to obtain the effectiveness and efficiency of both products, services and, methods in dealing with business competition. Innovative actions carried out by government organizations seem to be symptomatic. This is marked by the rise of superior programs and services run by the government, both physical and policy. How to Implement and Challenge the Computer Assisted Test (CAT. To Understand Computer Assisted Test. The results of the implementation the CAT system development process, namely: (a) building an organizational knowledge base, (b) designing an innovation system, and (c) building a system sustainability Efforts that have been made in building system sustainability are among others by procuring CAT functions and maintaining the work domain.
Effect of Audit Committee characteristics on Audit Quality: A Critical Literature Review
Authors: Sharhan Alaallah  A. M. , Bora Chandan
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The aim of the paper is to present a critical literature review of the impact of audit committee characteristics (ACCs) on audit quality and to identify any research gaps in the field of audit quality. The aim is also to establish, if any, research gaps in the area of audit quality and to recommend any for potential research. 

Approach/Methodology/Design: The methodology of this study is a review of literature on audit committee characteristics and audit quality. A number of research articles were analyzed.

Findings: The results of this review of literature revealed that audit committee size, audit committee meeting, and audit committee financial expertise have main effects on  the audit quality in the public and private sectors.

Practical Implications: This review article gives an opportunity to auditors, management of audit offices and other stakeholders to better understand the pillars of audit quality, factors, and framework to reinforce the quality of the financial statements. This literature review contributes to better understanding of the role of the audit committee in financial statements. It provides researchers in the field with insights and new perspectives.

Originality/value: The paper identifies certain gaps and highlights the effect of effective audit committee on regulating and improving the finance department of any institution. The study also contributes to the operating organization of knowledge on the audit quality, dimensions of audit quality, and governing frameworks. It emphasizes the audit committee’s effectiveness and also presents an opportunity to both researchers and the finance sector for potential future research.
Banana Peel Cellulose Nanofibers (CNFs) as Retrofitting Material to Soy-Protein in Manufacturing Biodegradable Food Packaging
Authors: Borela Vandon T. , Apolinar Dhian Ashley DS.
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the potential of Cellulose Nanofiber(CNF) isolated from the banana peel through chemical treatment(Alkaline Treatment, Bleaching and Acid Hydrolysis) as reinforcing agent in Soy Protein Isolate films. It also aims to find an application for this agro-industrial residue as a biodegradable material for food packaging.

Study Design: Experimental Design.

Materials and Methods: Chemicals such as Sodium metabisulfite, Ethanol, Potassium hydroxide, Sodium hypochlorite, Acetic Acid, Sulfuric acid, Glycerol, Sodium Hydroxide, and Hydrochloric Acid were bought from a chemical depot. FTIR Spectroscopy, SEM Imaging, Tensile Strength Test, Dimensional Stability to Heat Test were performed.

Results: The results of the tests conducted(FTIR Spectroscopy, SEM Imaging, Tensile Strength Test, Dimensional Stability to Heat Test and Stability in Acidic and Alkaline Conditions Test) showed that CNFs isolated from the banana effectively reinforced the properties of Soy Protein Isolate films. Furthermore, the films fabricated are still biodegradable, displaying that the addition of the CNF does not have any significant effect on the biodegradability of the films.

Conclusion: It is concluded that the addition of Banana Peel CNFs as retrofitting material to the Soy Protein Films materially strengthen the mechanical properties of the films and makes it more suitable for food packaging applications.
Detection of Pathogenic Waterborne Parasites in Treated Wastewater of Rada'a City -Yemen
Authors: Al-Nihmi Faisal Mohammed , Salih Akram Ahmed , Qazzan Jalal , Radman Bakeel , Al-Woree Warda , Belal Shefaa , Al-Motee Jamila , AL-Athal Ahlam , Al-Harthee Ahlam , Al-Samawee Hanan , Al-Samawee Balkees , Atiah Horriah
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The aim of this study is to detect the presence of waterborne parasites in the treated wastewater in Rada'a city.

Study Design: An Experimental Research Design.

Materials and Methods: Waterborne parasites in the collected samples were concentrated using formol ether and zinc sulphate techniques and then microscopically analyzed to identify protozoa and helminth eggs. Fifteen treated sewage samples were randomly collected from different positions of wastewater treatment plant in three different months of 2019 (May, June and August) with three replications. Each sample was collected in one-litre volume and recorded as original sample. Parasite analysis was done using the McMaster worm egg counting slides with chamber size of 0.3 mm.

Results: In this study, Giardia lamblia was found in a high percentage in comparison to other parasites, followed by Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba coli.  The majority of parasite eggs in the treated wastewater samples were related to Hookworm and Ascaris lumbricoide followed by Taenia saginat and Enterobius vermicularis. Furthermore, Cryptosprodium oocyst and Fasciola hepatica eggs were rarely detected.

Conclusion: The observed pattern of contamination demonstrated that the quantity of parasites in sewage after treatment exceeded the permitted levels and it is necessary to modify the treatment process of wastewater to prevent the possible spread of parasitic contamination.
An Investigation of Deep and Surface Learning Approach towards English Vocabulary Acquisition of EFL Students
Authors: Hulreski Miftah , Syatriana Eny , Ardiana Ardiana
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The aim of this research study is to examine the most dominant EFL Students’ approach in acquiring English vocabulary employed by the first-year students of English Department at Muhammadiyah University of Makassar. The study also investigates whether there is any difference in approach preference between male and female students in acquiring English vocabulary by first-year students at English Department, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Muhammadiyah University of Makassar, Indonesia
Approach/Methodology/Design: A descriptive quantitative research method is employed in data analysis. Twenty four first-year undergraduate students (42% male & 58 female) were selected as a sample for the study based on purposive sampling technique. These students chose English major at Muhammadiyah University of Makassar and were enrolled in the acedmic year 2018-2019. The instruments used were a Two-Factor Study Process Questionnaire (R-SPQ-2F) and Likert Scale to assess the research participants’ approach preference.
Findings: The findings of this research study reveal that the first-year students of English Department at Muhammadiyah University of Makassar dominantly adopt surface approach compared to deep approach in acquiring English vocabulary. The statistical analysis shows that the mean score for Surface is 35.12 and the mean score for Deep Approach is 34.66.  The findings also indicate a difference in approach preference between male and female.
Practical Implications: The study will contribute positively to the understanding of the students’ adopted approaches for acquiring vocabulary, assisting instructors to improve their teaching strategies.
Originality/value: The study provides an avenue for exploring students’ learning processes. Male students preferred Surface approach to deep approach. Male students scored high (38.10) on surface approach compared to deep approach (36.60). Meanwhile, female students got slightly higher score (33.28) on deep approach than surface approach (33.00).
Deriving a Control-Oriented Model for an Axisymmetric Vehicle With the Power-Law Revolution Nose
Authors: Huang Jun , Liu Zhigui , Liu Zhiqin , Wang Qingfeng , Fu Jie
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this paper is to construct a new general vehicle model as an open fundamental material for the guidance and control research. In this study, parameterized configuration, aerodynamics calculation, control-oriented modeling, stability analysis, and nominal trajectory design are performed for the general vehicle model. First, the aerodynamic configuration is parameterized as an axisymmetric body with a power-law revolution nose. Then, an engineering method considering inviscid flow, base drag and skin friction is used for the aerodynamics calculation, and a control-oriented fitting model of longitudinal aerodynamics is established based on the analysis of the correlation between aerodynamic force and the parameters of Mach number, attack angle, elevator deflection and height. Next, the aerothermodynamic environment prediction of power-law revolution axisymmetric hypersonic vehicle (PRAHV) is discussed, and the nose heating rate formula of PRAHV is established. The stability analysis and nominal trajectory design of PRAHV is performed based on the fitting model and the heating rate formula. The stability analysis shows that both the static stability and dynamic stability of the vehicle are unstable. The nominal trajectory of unpowered longitudinal maneuvering is achieved by the hp-adaptive pseudospectral method, which demonstrated that the availability of the control-oriented model established in this paper. In conclusion, this work provides a fundamental object for further study of vehicle guidance, control, and evaluation.
Customized birthweight standard for a Polish population
Authors: Kajdy Anna , Hugh Oliver , Modzelewski Jan , Rabijewski Michał , Francis Andre , Gardosi Jason
Published: September 2020

Introduction

There is a growing body of evidence supporting the role of customized growth charts in improving detection of fetal growth restriction (FGR) and decreasing false positive diagnoses. The aim of the study is to produce a customised birthweight standard for Poland.

Material and methods

Maternal height and weight, ethnicity, gestational age, weight and sex at birth as well as pre-existing and gestational complications were collected. Coefficients were derived using a backwards stepwise multiple regression technique. Smallness for gestational age by the customised standard was compared with the in-use Fenton standard in assessing risk of adverse outcomes using relative risk with 95% confidence intervals.

Results

Data from 4,270 pregnancies were used as the study cohort. Fenton and customised SGA rates were 6.6% and 11.9%, respectively. The customised standard identified more cases that were at significantly increased risk of stillbirth, admission to neonatal intensive care or other neonatal complications, many of which were missed by the Fenton standard.

Conclusions

The analysis confirmed the physiological variables that affect birthweight in studies from other countries and was able to quantify additional pathological factors of high maternal age and pregnancy-induced hypertension. Comparison with the Fenton standard showed that adverse outcomes associated with SGA birthweight are better identified by the customised standard in a Polish population.
Soluble ST2 protein as a new biomarker in patientswith precapillary pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Banaszkiewicz Marta , Pietrasik Arkadiusz , Darocha Szymon , Piłka Michał , Florczyk Michał , Dobosiewicz Anna , Kędzierski Piotr , Pędzich-Placha Ewa , Kochman Janusz , Opolski Grzegorz , Torbicki Adam , Kurzyna Marcin
Published: September 2020

Introduction

Non-invasive tests that may improve clinical evaluation of pulmonary hypertension (PH) are needed. The purpose of this study was to assess the role of soluble ST2 (sST2) in patients with PH.

Material and methods

A total of 57 patients with chronic thromboembolic PH and 43 patients with idiopathic arterial PH were enrolled in this study. All patients were evaluated for World Health Organization (WHO) functional class (FC), N-terminal prohormone B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), troponin T (TnT), and hemodynamics. Plasma sST2 was assessed by an immu­nofluorescent in vitro diagnostic assay. All patients were followed up from the date of blood sampling. The endpoint was all-cause death.

Results

The median sST2 concentration was 32.8 ng/ml (IQR: 21.6–48.5 ng/ml) in the whole study population. Significant differences were found between median sST2 in successive WHO FCs (FC II vs. FC III, p = 0.002; FC III vs. FC IV, p = 0.12; FC II vs. FC IV, p = 0.008). Significant correlations were found between sST2 and hemodynamic parameters: mean right atrial pressure (r = 0.56; p < 0.05), mean pulmonary artery pressure (r = 0.25; p < 0.05), cardiac index (r = –0.40; p < 0.05), pulmonary vascular resistance (r = 0.41; p < 0.05), and between sST2 and WHO FC (r = 0.36; p < 0.05), NT-proBNP (r = 0.55; p < 0.05), and TnT (r = 0.44; p < 0.05). sST2 concentration above the median was associated with worse clinical prognosis (p = 0.02, Kaplan-Meier).

Conclusions

sST2 seems to be a marker of poor clinical prognosis in patients with PH.
A clinical study on the value of carotid cistern drainage during intracranial aneurysm clipping
Authors: Jin Guo-Liang , Yuan Zi-Gang , Zhou Yong-Zhi , Wang Jian-Li
Published: September 2020

Introduction

To investigate the value of carotid cistern drainage in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage during intracranial aneurysm clipping.

Material and methods

Patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms were included in this study. During the operation, the craniotomy was performed via a pterional approach to separate the Sylvian cistern and carotid cistern. After completing the clipping of the intracranial aneurysm, a drainage tube was placed in the carotid cistern between the ipsilateral internal carotid artery and optic nerve or lateral internal carotid artery, which was led out through the dura mater, cranial flap foramen or gap and scalp, and connected with an external drainage device.

Results

A total of 6 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage, who required craniotomy for clipping, were enrolled in the study. These patients were given carotid cistern drainage during the operation. Among these 6 patients, 2 had anterior communicating aneurysms, 1 had a posterior communicating aneurysm of the internal carotid artery, 2 had middle cerebral artery furcation aneurysms, and 1 patient had multiple intracranial aneurysms. For the Hunt-Hess score before the operation, 5 patients were in grade II and 1 patient was in grade III. Furthermore, the postoperative drainage was unobstructed, with a daily drainage of 130–290 ml of haemorrhagic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Conclusions

The CSF drainage of the carotid cistern applied in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage during the craniotomy for clipping can effectively remove the subarachnoid haemorrhage, control the intracranial hypertension, and reduce the incidence of cerebral vasospasm and hydrocephalus.
Inter-limb step asymmetry in closed and open skill sprint accelerations in soccer players
Authors: Wdowski Maximilian M. , Gittoes Marianne J.R.
Published: September 2020

Purpose

Inter-limb differences may decrease sports performance. There is a need to
understand the comparison of asymmetries between open and closed skill tasks. The study
investigated inter-limb step asymmetry responses to closed and open skill acceleration sprint
running tasks.

Methods

3D motion analysis kinematic data of step characteristics were collected from 20
male soccer players (mean ± SD: 21 ± 1.9 years, 78.7 ± 7.7 kg, 1.78 ± 0.06 m) for bilaterally
located lower-limb markers during the initial 20 m of closed and open skill acceleration sprint
running trials. Step velocity, step length, step frequency, flight time, contact time, and flight
distance were calculated. In the closed skill conditions, players knew the final sprint distance
before initiation. In the open skill conditions, players were informed of the final sprint
distance (20 or 40 m) immediately after run initiation.

Results

Significant asymmetries (0.10–10.3%, p < 0.05) in step characteristics were observed
during closed skill acceleration sprint performances. Positive correlations (r: 0.51–0.77, p <
0.05) were evidenced between asymmetry scores in the closed skill and in the open skill 20-m
and 40-m conditions. Asymmetry scores were not associated with sprint performance (r: from
–0.13 to 0.30, p > 0.05), suggesting that asymmetry may be functional or dysfunctional.

Conclusions

Skilled soccer players can regulate step characteristic asymmetries across
closed and open skill tasks. Symmetry should not be assumed when assessing open and closed
skill acceleration sprint performance in soccer players. Practitioners should be aware of these
asymmetries when implementing programmes.
The majority of professionally active women diagnosed with eating disorders may be at risk of work addiction: an overlooked comorbidity
Authors: Atroszko Paweł , Mytlewska Weronika , Atroszko Bartosz
Published: September 2020

Background

Work addiction (WA) has been previously linked to several diseases and disorders, but there is scarce literature on its association with eating disorders (EDs). Both WA and EDs share similar etiological factors (notably rigid perfectionism) and clinical features. The aim of this study was to provide an initial overview of the literature on this potential comorbidity, and investigate the co-occurrence of EDs and WA, and their relationship with socio-demographic and work-related variables, health, and personality.

Participants and procedure

In a pen-and-pencil cross-sectional study, the Bergen Work Addiction Scale (BWAS), a question about a current or previous diagnosis of EDs and other mental disorders, personality questionnaires, and questions concerning demographic, health and work-related variables were administered to 723 Polish employees from various pro-fessions.

Results

Six females (0.8%) and none of the males declared having been diagnosed with EDs, which is, to a large ex-tent, congruent with the expected prevalence in the general population. Five out of these six females (83%) reached the cut-off score for WA. Of all women who reached this cut-off, 5.5% reported EDs. All these women were in their twenties, not married, having no children, working in non-managerial positions, with body mass index (BMI) in the normal range or below. Preliminary comparisons with matched comparison groups were conducted.

Conclusions

These initial results suggest that WA may be highly prevalent among professionally active women diagnosed with EDs. Functioning of individuals with EDs in the workplace is a vastly understudied issue which merits more attention owing to high suicide risk and mortality due to health complications, particularly cardiovascular dis-ease (CVD), related to EDs and overworking, a significant prevalence of subclinical EDs in female populations (especially among youth), and a typically worse prognosis for EDs comorbid with other disorders. Both prob-lematic behaviors are related to denial, which suggests that these may be much more prevalent problems than current estimates indicate.