bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of Chemistry in drugs discovery
Authors: Jawad ASMAA , Husam Al-Tabra Reem , Watheq Baraa
Published: January 2025

The function of the medicinal chemist in drug discovery has significantly evolved over the last 25 years, mostly due to the use of technologies like combinatorial chemistry and structure-based drug design. With a collective experience of over 50 years in medicinal chemistry, covering the last four decades, we will explore this evolving function by drawing on both our own experiences and those of others. Examining this historical viewpoint may provide valuable insights on enhancing the present drug discovery framework by enabling medicinal chemists to reclaim their creative involvement that played a significant part in previous achievements.
Prevalence of Fungal Infections that isolated from different sites in Diyala Province / Iraq
Authors: Mohammed Najwan Abbas , Muneam Fadhil Noor , Dawood Ahmed Ahmed
Published: January 2025

Ringworms, also known as superficial and cutaneous mycoses, are primarily common and restricted to the skin's outermost layer and its appendages, such as the hair and nails. Dermatophyte infections were the most common infections 44.1% fallowed by superficial infections 34.3% while opportunistic mycosis were 21.5%, otomycosis was the most common among superficial mycosis, whereas tinea capitis was the most predominant among dermatomycosis. Statistical analysis show that the female had a higher rate of fungal infections (FIs) than males in general. The superficial mycosis in females were higher than in males, noting that the infections to the skin of the hand with Tinea nigra was more frequent in males than females with highly significant differences (p = 0.01). according detected the fungal infections in different age groups; the younger one with age period (1-10 year) were the most prevalence with fungal infections while the older age group was (41-50). The least number of infections with very high significant differences, Tenia versicolor is common in young people and adults in addition to teenagers, While Tenia capitis was more frequent in children with age group. The current study showed that there are very high significant differences (p = 0.001) in the prevalence of fungal infections according to the area of residence, Ba'aqubah region had the highest rate of infections with fungi of all cases with a rate of 73 (35.8%), followed by the Canaan region with a rate of 32 (15.7%), then Bab Al-Darb 20 (9.8%), then Tahrir, Shafta, Jurf Al-Melh, Al-Khalis, Buhriz, Umm Al-Kerafs, then Al-Mufraq. statistical analysis show that there were no significant differences between the types of FIs for the same residential area.
Polymorphism of Interleukin 1 be Polymorphism of Interleukin 1 beta C31T in blood and tissue patients with breast tumors
Authors: Ali Wurood , Gemeel Frial , Noori Wala
Published: January 2025

A mass of aberrant tissue is called a tumor. Breast tumors can be classified as either "malignant" or "benign," depending on whether they are malignant or non-cancerous. For the purpose of local immunity research and genetic polymorphism analysis of TLR2, seventy (70) breast tumor biopsy patients who were not receiving chemotherapy were included in the study. As a reference group, fifty (50) blood samples were taken from healthy women.  A total of one hundred (100) blood samples from breast tumor patients and thirty samples following treatment were tested for the polymorphism of Interleukin 1 beta C31T, The RFLP-PCR results for the IL-1 beta C31 T gene demonstrated a substantial difference between blood benign and malignant cells, with allele C being a dangerous allele in benign cells at (p – 0.07*). Additionally, the genetic influence of TT was shown to be significantly different in malignant versus benign tissue, with a P value of 0.02*.
The Evaluation Of The Serum Level Of Vimentin In Chronic Kidney Disease Patients In AL-Najaf Province/Iraq
Authors: Shaker Rusul , Abdulrazzaq Assi Mohammed
Published: January 2025

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a complex condition characterized by kidney damage or decreased function, leading to a range of complications. These include cardiovascular risk, immune dysfunction, and lung disease. The study aims to investigate the association of E-cadherin and other biomarkers in patients suffering from CKD and the possibility of using it as diagnostic criteria for CKD. The current investigation comprised a cohort of 96 patients diagnosed with CKD and a control group of 88 healthy participants. Vimentin and other biochemical levels were estimated in the serum of patients and the control group. The results showed that patients with CKD significantly increased (p<0.05) in Vimentin serum concentrations compared to healthy participants. These findings support the evidence suggesting that this marker may play an essential role in the progression of CKD
Impact Impact of IL35, IL38 on patient infected with COVID-19 on group of fertile and infertile female in Baghdad
Authors: Kadhum Ebtehal , Abood Risan Farhan , jasim mohammed Abdulameer
Published: January 2025

A class of RNA viruses known as coronaviruses (CoVs) infects humans and other animals. Coronaviruses which are enveloped viruses with large single-strand positive sense RNA genomes and are members of the Coronaviridae family, Studies have also documented the impact of coronaviruses on several organs and systems, such as the kidney, heart, and reproductive system. In addition, compared to men, women are more susceptible to infected with virus. The overwhelming majority of individuals with COVID-19 will have mild to moderate symptoms, however a hyper-inflammation brought on by a high production of chemokines and cytokines may occur in certain infected individuals. The anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-35 (IL-35) is frequently expressed on the monocyte surface, ( DCs), and macrophages. It is known that regulatory T cells are the only cells that can produce IL-35. CD8+ T cells may expressIL-35, which contributes to immunological suppression(IL38) is a crucial component of host defense and inflammation. It belongs to the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family. It is possible that IL-38 has anti-inflammatory characteristics via lowering the amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines that macrophages secrete. This study aimed to assess the effects of IL35 and IL38 on fertility in female COVID-19 infected individuals. According to our research, there is a significant relationship between COVID-19 and fertility (p =.008). This shows that each combination of fertility and COVID-19 had discernible differences in IL35 levels, however the interaction impact between fertility and COVID-19 according to IL38 level was not statistically significant (p =0.658). This implies that the IL38 levels were not significantly different for any combination of COVID-19 and fertility. In conclusion, utilizing IL 35 as immunological therapy may be essential to controlling a cytokine storm that develops in female COVID-19 infections. According to the current investigation, female fertility when infected with COVID-19 did not impact serum IL-38 levels.
The correlation of Interlukine 10 gene expression with hormones changes in polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: AL-khafagi Rana jaleil , Abed zaid Al-Fatlawi Basaad , Jwaid AL-mamory Abdulnabi
Published: January 2025

The current study was done to determine the molecular status and hormone changes in polycystic ovary syndrome and polycystic ovary disease. The study included 155 clinical specimens that included age (20-45) years, which were collected from November 2022 to June 2023. The specimens included blood specimens for patients visiting Imam Al-Sadiq Hospital and Babylon Teaching Hospital for Maternity and Children in Babylon Governorate. The results of hormones included elevation in levels of prolactin and Free Testosterone were obtained in PCOS, PCOD patients group compared with healthy women. Also, the study of some genes, including a study of genetic polymorphisms of the cellular motor gene IL10.
Detection of Visceral Leishmaniasis by Leishmania infantum using kDNA
Authors: Aldahan Zeina , Mohammed Jasim Amani , Husien Majeed Ghanim
Published: January 2025

Visceral Leishmaniasis is considered one of the endemic parasitic diseases transferred via sand fly Phlebotomus alexandri bite that can be transferred Leishmania infantum. This study aimed to detect visceral leishmaniasis in peripheral blood for patients using IFA test and kDNA polymerase chain reaction. Eighty samples were collected in the period (September 2022 -December 2023) from patients (1-10 years of age) suspected of VL and admitted to hospitals at several governorates in Iraq. IFAT showed positive results for 65 out of 80 samples with visceral leishmaniasis by L.infantum (81%). While kDNA results showed 60 out of 80 samples with visceral leishmaniasis by L.infantum (75% ). , the sensitivity and specificity of IFA were 92% and 100% comparison with PCR. Concerning the results sequencing of PCR products, there was one isolate of L.infantum that differed from the global isolates in the NCBI It was found variation sequences in position substitution including deletion, transition, and transversion in the local isolate registered with accession number OR886069.1 . Moreover, it was observed in the phylogenetic tree analysis, there were the highest and lowest similarity distances of the Iraqi isolate with other isolates that including the French isolate, and the Iranian isolate.
Exploring the Anticancer and Antioxidant Potential Effects of Sitagliptin: An In Vitro Study on Lung Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Khafaji Ameer , F. Bairam Ahsan , F. Abbas Shaymaa
Published: January 2025

lung cancer possesses the most significant worldwide mortality rate among all types of tumors, and the majority of current treatments exhibit a broad spectrum of adverse reactions. This requires investigating novel drugs that can inhibit the growth of cancer cells while minimizing harm to normal cells. Recent studies have demonstrated that Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors can effectively suppress the growth of cancer cells in several types of malignancies, including colorectal, prostate, and kidney cancers. Hence, this study evaluated the effectiveness of sitagliptin in suppressing the proliferation of lung carcinoma cells (A549) alone as well as in conjunction with cisplatin.
A549 cells were divided into four groups: control (untreated cells), cells treated with cisplatin, cells treated with sitagliptin, and cells treated with cisplatin plus sitagliptin combination (ratio 1:1). After incubation for 72 hours, a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test was utilized to evaluate cell viability percent and concentration of 50% inhibition for cell viability (IC50) for each group. Then, A549 cells were cultured into four flasks and exposed to the IC50 concentration. The resulting cell pellets were gathered and subjected to lysis to assess the malondialdehyde (MDA) level using ELISA kits.
The vitality of A549 cells was significantly reduced by Sitagliptin therapy compared to the control (P < 0.0001). When the combination of sitagliptin and cisplatin was administered, it exhibited markedly superior anticancer effectiveness compared to their usage alone. Significantly, sitagliptin reduced MDA levels, whether used individually or in combination with cisplatin.
As a result, sitagliptin exhibited significantly anticancer and antioxidant properties against A549 cells. This suggests a possible synergistic anticancer effect with cisplatin.
Assessment of the Levels of Interleukin-6, Interleukin-10, and Leukemia Inhibitory Factor in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Dhi Qar Governorate
Authors: Musa Sarah , Alibraheemi Abdulhadi
Published: January 2025

Abstract: Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a bone marrow-originating form of leukaemia that is capable of metastasizing to multiple organs. The purpose of the study was to investigate the role of serum biomarkers associated with immune responses that fluctuate in Iraqi patients with AML and to assess the changes in these biomarkers. The present study enrolled a total of 100 participants, including 50 males and 50 females, of which 50 had been identified as having AML and the remaining 50 were in good health. Serum levels of leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were estimated in patients with AML. The findings indicated that serum concentrations of IL-6, IL-10, and LIF were significantly elevated (p<0.05) in patients with AML relative to healthy individuals. The results provide evidence in favor of the view that the these biomarkers might play a substantial role in the advancement of AML.
The Crocus Sativus Stigma Extract as Anticancer for SKOV-3 Cell Line
Authors: Hammoodi Hasan Kabla Rusul , M. Abed-al-Zahra Jinan
Published: January 2025

Cancer is an uncontrolled growth and division of abnormal cells with the capacity to spread to other body regions (metastasis). The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of saffron aqueous extract an anticancer on the ovarian cancer the material and method included preparation the saffron aqueous extract and SKOV-3 after maintained of cell cultures in RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10% Fetal bovine serum, penicillin and streptomycin. Next, two methods were used to investigate the impact of saffron. One of these methods involves measuring the impact of saffron on the mitochondrial activity of SKOV-3 cells using the fluorescent dye Rhodamine (Rh123). Furthermore, the activation statuses of p53 and caspase-3 were evaluated using a fluorescein caspase-3 and p53 staining kit. Eventually, the results were promising because the saffron extract caused damage in mitochondria and a significant increase by caspase-3 and p53 that caused to apoptosis SKOV-3 cells without effect on normal cells. Finally, the usage of saffron supplements in addition to established treatment procedures may benefit people with ovarian cancer since saffron extract triggers cancer cell apoptosis through several indications that manifest differently.
Evaluate Interleukin-15 in SLE patients and its association with hemolytic anemia
Authors: Abdul Hussein Zuboon Haider , Mohsin Muslim
Published: January 2025

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a clearly heterogeneous autoimmunity disorder with an unknown etiology that largely affects several body regions. Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a cytokine that plays a vital role in the immune regulation and has been related in the pathogenesis of SLE disease. Hemolytic anemia is one of the hematological features of SLE, where the immune system breaks erythrocytes (red blood cells), causing anemia. The aim of this research is to evaluate IL-15 in SLE patients and their correlation with hemolytic anemia to see if this can be used as a biomarker for hemolytic anemia in SLE patients. This study analyzed the demographic and clinical presentation of 200 cases with whole blood and serum from this disease. ELISA and qPCR were also used to measure the amount of IL-15 at the gene and serum of SLE disease association hemolytic anemia. The results showed that IL-15 contributes to the immune response in hemolytic anemia from SLE. The data demonstrated that the gene and serum concentration of IL-15 in SLE disease patients associated with hemolytic anemia were higher than non-hemolytic anemia. In conclusion, the level of serum IL-15 was confirmed to be significantly higher in SLE patients associated with hemolytic anemia, not only in SLE disease patients.
The Formation and Development of the Retina retinal neurogenesis and interkinetic nuclear cell migration
Authors: M Khalfa Hydar , L al-msaid Haider
Published: January 2025

This review aims to understand the relationship between retinal neurogenesis and interkinetic nuclear cell migration during mammalian eye formation. Research has shown that certain chemical and physiological changes occur during these two activities during eye formation. Based on recently published articles and documented evidence, this review highlights the complex process of retinal development. The development of the retina involves multiple stages and mechanisms to achieve a healthy retina with the ability to respond to light. Retinal cells develop particular mechanisms during their cell cycle, enabling them to upgrade from retinal progenitor cells to specialized retinal cells. These mechanisms include the inhibition of particular factors and the activation of master regulators to support their proliferation and differentiation. Retinal cells move from layer to another using different migration modes, some of which are supported, while others enable cells to move freely.
Molecular Study of Virulence Factors of Candida spp. That Isolated from Cancer Patients
Authors: K. Taiban Zahraa , Kadium Suaad
Published: January 2025

study of microbes and cancer is considered one of the challenges in sustainable development. Candida is an opportunistic pathogenic fungus, which is inclined to infect the host with faulty immune function involving patients with cancer. A growing many of research have shown that Candida infection rise the host's vulnerability to cancer such as colorectal, gastric, and oral cancer. Aim: This investigation demonstrates the isolation and identification of Candida spp. from cancer patients of Middle Euphrates Cancer Center in Al- Najaf governorate, Method: (51) blood specimens were collected for the preparation of serum.
      The serum is cultured on SDA media and the culture is examined for microbial growth, such as culture on SDA media, Chromo agar, microscopic examination, and then by Multiplex- PCR technique. Results: The current investigate showed infection percentage with opportunistic microorganisms was demonstrated as follows: C. tropicalis appeared in 40% in males and 0% in females , C. albicans appeared 10% in males, 5% in females, C. albicans appeared in cancer 10% in males, 5% in females, C. guilliermondii appeared in cancer 0% in males and 2% in females, C. parapsilosis and C. dubliniensis didn’t appear in cancer. In cancer isolates the ALS1 gene was found strongly in C. albicans, and don’t found in C. guillermondii, and weakly appeared in C. tropicalis, and the PLB1gene was found weakly in C. albicans, and don’t found in C. guillermondii, and C. tropicalis. Conclusion: In the normal state, the blood is sterile, but when the immunity is suppressed or weakened as a result of a specific symptom or disease, the whole body and the blood are also vulnerable to any opportunistic microbe that grows and multiplies with it. So the presence of microbes in the blood is a strong indicator of weak immunity in cancer patients to the point of penetration of Candida into the blood. We concluded from our current study that some pathogenic microbes can be isolated from the sera of cancer patients, as some types of Candida were isolated, which include C.albicans, C. tropicalis, ,and C.guillermondii.Our results of this study indicated the capacity of some of Candidia spp. to produced phospholipase enzyme. Not all C. albicans isolates was positive for phospholipase production, we also conclude that some genes of virulence factors don’t necessary to express and Candida can be pathogenic without it.
Insulin Resistance, Lipid Profile, C-Peptide, and Their Interplay in Type 2 Diabetes: A Basrah Population Study
Authors: Namah Shurok , Esmael Walaa , Abdul-Hussein Ahmed
Published: January 2025

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is One of recognized metabolic disorder that can be distinguish by its chronic character, abnormalities in metabolism of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and hyperglycemia. Due to its extensive prevalence roughly one in ten people worldwide it's crucial to recognize and treat this illness. The revised goal is Investigating the complex interactions between insulin and insulin resistance is goal of this study.; (IR), lipid profiles, and C-peptide and their levels in the Basrah, Iraq, population with Diabetes Type 2 (T2DM). Furthermore, we aim to discuss the clinical significance of these findings and their implications for T2DM management in this region. In our investigation, significant differences (p < 0.001) were observed in parameters like Insulin and C-Peptide between T2DM patients and the control group. Other parameters like HbA1C%, FBG, Cholesterol, Triglyceride, HDL, and LDL showed varying significance levels, with p-values ranging from 0.001 to 0.002. Our study highlighted substantial distinctions between individuals with T2DM and healthy control group across multiple critical parameters. These differences, I mean elevated C-peptide, insulin, HbA1C, FBG, cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL levels in T2DM patients suggest the potential influence of these markers on severity of condition
Clinical Insights into SLE Evaluation of Anti-ds-DNA and Anti-Smith Autoantibodies in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease.
Authors: Alsaaidy Hadi , Al-Jameel Dheyaa Shnan Abdulkadhim , Alshibly Alaa Abdlhussein abdulzahra
Published: January 2025

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multifaceted autoimmune disease affecting various organs characterized by autoantibodies and multi-organ involvement. SLE frequently includes kidney complications that can significantly worsen outcomes, leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD).  Objectives: This study aimed to investigate if there is a correlation between CKD development in patients of SLE and the presence of anti-smith and anti-ds-DNA biomarkers. Materials and Methods: A case-control study of 89 SLE patients. They measured anti-Sm and anti-ds-DNA antibodies by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results: Eighty-nine (89) patients were enrolled in this study, The LN was developed in 36 (40%) patients. The average of anti-Sm positivity was 14.28 % in non-CKD LN more than in CKD-LN (9.09%) and SLE (3.77%) groups (LSD=2.067). Anti-ds-DNA positivity was (28.57%) in non-CKD LN, (9.09%) in the CKD-LN group, and (5.66%) in the SLE group (LSD=4.142). They were highly significant in the two LN groups than the SLE group and in the non-CKD LN group than the CKD-LN group (LSD = 0.857, alpha = 0.05). Conclusion: This study discovered that individuals with non-CKD lupus nephritis had notably elevated levels of anti-Sm and anti-dsDNA antibodies compared to patients with CKD-related lupus nephritis and SLE patients without kidney involvement. This suggests that these antibodies may serve as characteristic markers for this particular subset of individuals with lupus nephritis. Moreover, their existence may have an impact on the early phases of the illness, perhaps leading to the development of chronic renal disease in the future.
Screening JAK2 V617F Mutation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) Patients
Authors: Alkaby Maytham , Maytham. A. Dragh
Published: January 2025

The JAK2 gene codes for the production of the Janus kinase 2 protein, which is essential for signaling from cell surface receptors to the nucleus of cells. The regulation of the generation of hematopoietic stem cells depends on these signals. A single nucleotide alteration called the JAK2 V617F mutation causes the protein's position 617 to shift from valine (V) to phenylalanine (F). Due to the overactivation of the JAK-STAT signaling system brought on by this mutation, hematopoietic stem cells proliferate uncontrollably in the bone marrow. Only infrequent reports of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients have included the JAK2 V617F mutation, which is recognized for its relationship with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). The purpose of this study is to determine if Iraqi patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and AML have the JAK2 V617F mutation.
Advancements in Phytoremediation Techniques for Purification of Industrial Wastewater: A review
Authors: Obaid Wael , Shehab ahmed Enas
Published: January 2025

Phytoremediation is regarded as an economical and ecologically beneficial approach that has demonstrated efficacy in cleaning up contaminated water and soils. Particularly, phytoremediation is the only approach used for various types of wetlands when applied on a large scale to purify industrial effluent. Nonetheless, most research on the phytoremediation of contaminated water in wetland-type reactors has been done as a black box. The pollutant removal efficiency is the sole criterion used to assess performance, and data available regarding the processes and mechanisms involved in pollutant removal in these systems. Therefore, this chapter aims to provide a quick overview of the fundamental procedures of phytoremediation including characteristics, mechanisms, and microbial and plant Interactions in Rhizoremedation Processes. Furthermore, this chapter covered the difficulties and approaches associated with applying phytoremediation on a large scale, as well as the methods used by aquatic plants to eliminate both organic and inorganic pollutants from water and some examples of its industrial applications.
Correlation Between Serum IL-1β Level in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients and Some Clinical and Sociodemographic Characteristics
Authors: Salih Hussein Ali , S. Zayed Karrar
Published: January 2025

IL-1β is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine, mainly produced by activated macrophages and monocytes. It induces adhesion molecules, promotes increased leukocyte infiltration, and releases other pro-inflammatory mediators. High levels of IL-1β have been found in RA patients, both in synovial fluid and serum. This study aimed to examine the serum level of IL-1β in RA patients compared with controls and their association with clinical and sociodemographic characteristics. Seventy-one patients with RA and forty-six healthy controls were recruited from the Iraqi Arab population in this case-control study. Measurement of the serum IL-1β level was done in this study using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay kit. According to the analysis, these results indicated that there is a significant increase in the serum level of IL-1β in RA patients compared to that in the control, (p = 0.039). Also, IL-1β concentration in RA smoker patients increased significantly compared to RA non-smoker patients (p=0.045). In conclusion, serum IL-1β levels were significantly associated with RA disease in the Iraqi Arab population and may regarded as a diagnostic marker for RA diagnosis especially in smokers’ patients.
D-dimer, Fibrinogen and their association with IL-17 as a Risk factor of Cardiovascular events in Psoriasis Patients
Authors: .sharba Intisar , ALsaleh Shrooq
Published: January 2025

Abstract: Background: Psoriasis is an inflammation disease linked with the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), metabolic syndrome, and increased atherosclerotic arterial disease risk, especially in severe cases, The factors that are thought to contribute to VTE are hypercoagulability, endothelial injury and venous stasis. Objectives: The research attempts for searching into sensitivity as well as specificity of D-dimer and Fibrinogen and their relationships with IL-17 represents a heart disease hazards with moderately severe psoriasis.
Materials and Methods: This case-control study enrolled 50 male patients with psoriasis range aged 15 to 60 years, were matched by age and sex with 50 healthy controls, at Hospitals of the Morgan Teaching and Imam Sadiq in Babylon province, Iraq, between July to October of 2023. The psoriatic scores and levels of D-dimer, Fibrinogen and IL-17 in sera and psoriatic CVD complications were measured. Correlations and Methods of logistical regressing have been applied for these markers for predict within venous thrombotic events.
Results: Psoriasis patients had significantly higher levels of D-dimer, Fibrinogen as well as ILـ17 levels (p<0,01) more than controllingـgroup. A positive matrix correlation of these markers with PASI. Logistic regression analysis of psoriasis severity predicts with a higher significant OR of 2.636 (95% CI: 1.317 - 5.277) associated with CVD events compared to those without CVD. In addition to ROC analysis indicates a discriminatory capacity predicted for CVD events in psoriasis patients that D-dimer of AUC (95% CI): 0.901(0.818-0.984), and Fibrinogen was 0.888 (0.797-0.978), while, IL-17 was AUC (95% CI): 0.892 (0.799-0.985).
Conclusion: D-dimer and Fibrinogen along with higher IL-17 levels has been identified as a predict factors for greater danger of cardiovascular illnesses in individuals having moderately to severely severe psoriasis.
Thiazine; Synthesis and Biological Activity
Authors: Jawad ASMAA , Mahdi Salih Tamam
Published: January 2025

Thiazines are a class of heterocyclic molecules that have not been extensively studied for their pharmacological effects. Various methods for synthesizing thiazine derivatives can be found in the literature. This review examines various techniques for synthesizing thiazines using environmentally friendly approaches. Thiazine derivatives are synthesized compounds that exhibit a wide range of biological activities, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor, antimalarial, antineoplastic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anticancer properties. These compounds are considered a valuable group of heterocyclic medicinal substances that merit additional research.
Studying of Toxic Effects of Zearalenone in Some Biochemical Parameters of Women Who exposed Abortion
Authors: Mohammed Hussein Hussein
Published: January 2025

Abortion describes a state in which fetuses are prematurely expelled before the natural end of gestation. Zearalenone (ZEN) is a prevalent mycotoxin contamination found in food sources worldwide, and it is a secondary metabolite of Fusarium fungus. Numerous investigations have revealed ZEN concentrations in food items surpassing the maximum contamination limits set by the European Union (EU) (100–200 µg/kg for unprocessed cereals and 75 µg/kg for processed cereals). The purpose of this investigation is to examine the levels of zearalenone in the blood of abortion patients and its effect on women who undergo abortions. A case-control investigation was conducted between November 2023 and May 2024. Patients who visited the Gynecology and Childhood Teaching Hospital, Central / Karbala, provided samples. A total of 46 patients were examined, 23 of whom had abortions, 13 of whom were contaminated with the toxin 10 of whom were not contaminated with the toxin and 23 women of whom were controls, all of whom were not contaminated with the toxin. The results showed the results showed higher concentrations in the toxin-infected abortion patients groups compared to the non-toxin-infected controls. The higher concentrations of zearalenone in abortion patients indicate that the toxin has a significant effect on pregnant women in causing abortion and increasing the incidence of abortion in healthy groups.
ANALISIS DAN PEMETAAN KERUSAKAN JALAN DENGAN METODE SURFACE DISTRESS INDEX PADA RUAS JALAN RAYA KEBONAGUNG â€“ JALAN RAYA PEPEN KABUPATEN MALANG
Authors: Badghey Achmad Chullbuddin , Wibisana Hendrata
Published: January 2025

Meningkatnya populasi penduduk dan mengakibatkan peningkatan volume lalu lintas yang dapat mempengaruhi kondisi konstruksi permukaan jalan, dalam hal ini akan menyebabkan penurunan kualitas jalan kota tersebut. Pada ruas jalan raya kebonagung â€“ jalan raya pepen merupakan jalan utama yang mengalami penurunan kualitas jalan. Berdasarkan pengamatan bahwa metode SDI (surface distress index) baik digunakan dalam menentukan kondisi permukaan jalan pada ruas jalan raya kebonagung â€“ jalan raya pepen dan dilakukan pemetaan menggunakan SIG. Jenis kerusakan yang terdapat pada lokasi penelitian antara lain Retak kotak â€“ kotak, Retak memanjang, Retak kulit buaya, Retak pinggir, Lubang, Bekas roda (alur), Kerusakan tambalan, Kerusakan sungkur, dan Kerusakan amblas. Hasil persentase nilai kerusakan jalan berdasarkan metode SDI untuk luas kerusakan sebesar 1,66% retak kotak â€“ kotak, 2,81% retak memanjang, 3,14% retak kulit buaya, 2,27% retak pinggir, 0,23% lubang, 2,87% bekas roda (alur), 2,03% kerusakan tambalan, 3,65% kerusakan sungkur, dan 0,22% kerusakan amblas. Besar nilai kondisi dengan metode pada ruas Jalan Raya Kebonagung â€“ Jalan Raya Pepen adalah menunjukkan kondisi baik yaitu pada STA 0+000 â€“ 8+100 karena menghasilkan nilai SDI (<50). Dari hasil yang didapatkan seluruh nilai kerusakan berdasarkan metode SDI, maka dilakukan penerapan Sistem Informasi Geografis yaitu membuat peta tematik nilai kerusakan jalan pada ruas Jalan Raya Kebonagung â€“ Jalan Raya Pepen.
STUDI PERENCANAAN KRIB SEBAGAI PENGAMAN TEBING SUNGAI KRUENG ACEH DI DESA CAPEUNG ACEH BESAR
Authors: Jaramenda Putri Vinia , Pagihariadi Putra
Published: January 2025

Aktivitas pengerukan pasir di sungai Krueng Aceh yang merupakan sungai utama dan terbesar di wilayah Kabupaten Aceh Besar dan Kota Banda Aceh menyebabkan terjadinya degradasi dasar Sungai Krueng Aceh yang dapat memicu runtuhnya tebing sungai. Oleh karena itu dilakukan studi perencanaan konstruksi krib sebagai alternatif bangunan yang dapat melindungi tebing Sungai Krueng Aceh dari gerusan air yang terjadi terutama ketika banjir. Lokasi studi perencanaan ini terletak di Desa Capeung Kecamatan Seulimuem Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Data yang digunakan pada studi perencanaan ini meliputi data curah hujan, peta topografi, data mekanika tanah dan peta DAS Krueng Aceh. Perhitungan yang dilakukan pada studi perencanaan ini meliputi perhitungan curah hujan dan debit banjir rencana, perencanaan konstruksi krib dan Analisis stabilitas krib. Konstruksi krib yang direncanakan memiliki panjang sebesar 5 meter dan jarak antar krib sebesar 10 meter. Tinggi krib pada pangkal sebesar 0,75 meter dan pada ujung 0,5 meter. Konstruksi krib direncanakan condong kearah hulu sebesar 10o, kemiringan lapis lindung krib sebesar 1:2,5 dan kemiringan mercu krib sebesar 1:20. Tanah pada lokasi perencanaan krib mampu untuk menahan gaya berat seluruh konstruksi krib dan konstruksi krib aman terhadap gaya geser dan momen guling.
ANALISIS KETERLAMABATAN DENGAN METODE STOKASTIK DAN MITIGASI RISIKO (Studi Kasus : Proyek Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah B1 Kota Pekanbaru)
Authors: Zulfiandri Zulfiandri - , Sandhyavitri Ari , Yusa Muhamad
Published: January 2025

Persoalan pencemaran lingkungan telah menjadi isu strategis karena efek berantai yang ditimbulkan terhadap segala macam aspek kehidupan. Pembangunan Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah Kota Pekanbaru bertujuan untuk penanganan air limbah domestik akibat dari padatnya penduduk dan aktivitas perekonomian sehingga kualitas lingkungan terjaga. Pada penelitian ini risiko keterlambatan pekerjaan Pembangunan Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah B1 Kota Pekanbaru diidentifikasi dengan menggunakan Relative Importance Index (RII). Durasi pekerjaan aktual mengalami keterlambatan terhadap durasi rencana awal. Analisis risiko menggunakan pendekatan stokastik terhadap durasi pekerjaan. Dalam analisis ini digunakan fungsi distribusi probabilitas triangle distribution with 3-point estimate. Simulasi risiko ini menggunakan perangkat lunak @risk dengan iterations maksimum 100.000. Pekerjaan dalam lintasan kritis memegang peran krusial dalam penentuan jadwal penyelesaian proyek. Awalnya, estimasi waktu pelaksanaan pekerjaan adalah 1.075 hari. Setelah dilakukan analisis (Risk Pert Before Mitigation) waktu pelaksanaan dengan tingkat keyakinan 95% mencapai 1.370 hari, menunjukkan potensi keterlambatan 295 hari.
KAJIAN HUBUNGAN DAKTILITAS KURVATUR TERHADAP BERBAGAI RASIO TULANGAN LENTUR PADA BETON KONVENSIONAL & GLASS FIBER
Authors: Masulili Taris Zulqisthi , Susanto Willy , Krismayanti I Gusti Agung Arie
Published: January 2025

Perencanaan struktur bangunan terhadap gempa sangat penting untuk memastikan keruntuhan inelastis terbatas pada sendi plastis dalam balok-balok. Daktilitas dan kapasitas deformasi inelastis yang cukup diperlukan, terutama dalam struktur beton bertulang, di mana ketahanan terhadap kegagalan getas penting untuk integritas struktural. Dalam zona seismik, desain struktur dengan perilaku daktail diperlukan, dengan kekuatan deformasi yang melampaui elastisitas tanpa kehilangan kemampuan operasional. Perhitungan daktilitas kurvatur penampang pada sendi plastis diperlukan untuk menentukan faktor jenis struktur. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa rasio tulangan lentur, jenis material, dan geometri penampang mempengaruhi daktilitas. Rasio tulangan lentur yang besar meningkatkan kapasitas penampang untuk menahan momen, tetapi tidak signifikan meningkatkan kapasitas kurvatur. Penggunaan beton fiber meningkatkan regangan, namun beton konvensional memiliki nilai daktilitas kurvatur yang lebih baik. Penampang persegi cenderung memiliki daktilitas lebih baik daripada penampang lingkaran dengan luas yang hampir sama. Penentuan rasio tulangan lentur yang efektif penting untuk meningkatkan kemampuan elemen struktur menahan gaya-gaya gempa.
STUDI PERBANDINGAN ANALISIS SCWB PADA SRPMK MENGGUNAKAN KONSEP BALOK PERSEGI DAN BALOK T
Authors: Amri Salsabila Miyazumi , Sembiring Suranta , Probogumilang Riesang Wirawan
Published: January 2025

Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara dengan risiko terjadinya gempa bumi terbesar di dunia. Gempa bumi yang dapat merusak bahkan meruntuhkan bangunan membuat perencanaan bangunan harus tahan terhadap gempa. Oleh karena itu, bangunan dan gedung harus didesain sesuai standar perencanaan bangunan tahan gempa SNI 1726:2019 dan SNI 2847:2019. Pada studi ini akan dikaji terkait perbandingan desain struktur SRPMK dengan dua jenis konsep pemodelan yaitu konsep balok persegi dan konsep balok-T berupa perbandingan kebutuhan tulangan, rasio SCWB, dan level kinerja struktur. Studi ini dilakukan pada gedung perkantoran lima lantai yang berlokasi di Kota Bandung yang berdiri di atas tanah lunak. Dari hasil analisis perhitungan, didapatkan bahwa kebutuhan penulangan kolom dan pelat sama untuk kedua jenis konsep pemodelan. Kebutuhan tulangan balok dengan konsep pemodelan balok persegi lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan konsep pemodelan balok-T. Rasio SCWB dengan konsep pemodelan balok persegi lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan rasio SCWB dengan konsep pemodelan balok T. Rasio SCWB yang diperoleh dengan melakukan analisis menggunakan balok T pada desain pemodelan balok persegi akan berkurang secara signifikan (20-35%) bahkan terdapat rasio SCWB yang tidak memenuhi syarat karena kurang dari 1,2. Dengan analisis pushover, level kinerja sesuai ATC-40 dan FEMA-440, untuk struktur dengan konsep pemodelan balok persegi termasuk damage control dan untuk struktur dengan konsep pemodelan balok T termasuk immediate occupancy.
ANALISIS PENURUNAN BANGUNAN REVETMENT DENGAN PERKUATAN STRUKTUR CERUCUK MATRAS BAMBU PADA TANAH LUNAK DENGAN METODE ELEMEN HINGGA DAN INSTRUMENTASI LAPANGAN
Authors: Abdurrahman Umar Alfaruqi , Rahayu Wiwik , Sagitaningrum Fathiyah Hakim , Agung Putera Agung Maha
Published: January 2025

Tanah lunak merupakan salah satu jenis tanah yang sering kali menimbulkan permasalahan jika tidak dilakukan perencanaan yang baik. Salah satu alternatif untuk meningkatkan daya dukung tanah lunak adalah dengan memanfaatkan material bambu sebagai cerucuk dan matras pada pondasi struktur bangunan. Material bambu memiliki keunggulan yaitu jumlah yang melimpah, murah, umur panen singkat, ramah lingkungan, gaya buoyancy yang dapat dioptimalkan. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan perbandingan penurunan tanah antara metode elemen hingga dengan pengamatan instrumentasi lapangan pada suatu bangunan dermaga di tepi sungai Kapuas, Pontianak yang memanfaatkan cerucuk matras bambu sebagai perkuatan struktur pondasinya. Deposit tanah pada lokasi tersebut didominasi oleh tanah lunak hingga ketebalan 28 m dengan muka air tanah yang dangkal. Analisis stabilitas dan penurunan dilakukan menggunakan metode elemen hingga memanfaatkan software Plaxis. Konstruksi struktur revetment dibuat secara bertahap mengikuti hasil observasi alat instrumentasi lapangan. Pada analisis numerik, lapisan tanah dimodelkan sebagai Mohr-Coulomb. Cerucuk bambu dimodelkan sebagai elastic-plastic spring. Matras bambu dimodelkan elastic beams. Dari hasil observasi instrumentasi dan analisis numerik didapatkan bahwa bangunan revetment dengan struktur cerucuk matras bambu memberikan kestabilan dari kelongsoran dan kegagalan daya dukung. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemanfaatan bambu sebagai struktur cerucuk dan matras untuk perkuatan tanah lunak dapat dilakukan dan mampu memberikan tambahan daya dukung untuk tanah lunak.
PERBANDINGAN BACKBONE CURVE KOLOM MENGGUNAKAN METODE PENDEKATAN PERILAKU MEKANIS, XTRACT, DAN ASCE 41-17 TERHADAP HASIL EKSPERIMEN
Authors: Luthfiyah Nisrina , Ansel William , Wilnando Wilnando , Izbik Fika Mumtaz Faza Muhammad
Published: January 2025

Perilaku inelastik bangunan tahan gempa diharapkan mampu menahan beban siklik yang terjadi akibat beban gempa. Perilaku inelastik bangunan dapat dilihat dari kurva gaya-perpindahan. Kurva tersebut dapat diperoleh dengan menggunakan beberapa metode pendekatan, tetapi dalam setiap metode pendekatan dapat memberikan nilai yang berbeda-beda. Pada penelitian ini, akan dibangun backbone curve dengan menggunakan tiga pendekatan, yaitu pendekatan analitik, software XTRACT, dan metode ASCE 41-17. Spesimen yang ditinjau adalah kolom segi empat dengan konfigurasi pengujian single cantilever. Parameter tinjauan yang ditinjau adalah jenis, jarak, dan luas tulangan serta rasio gaya aksial. Backbone curve yang didapat dibandingkan dengan backbone curve hasil eksperimen. Berdasarkan hasil analisis didapati bahwa metode paling konservatif adalah ASCE 41-17. Evaluasi dilakukan terhadap ketiga pendekatan yang digunakan dan parameter tinjauan
ANALISIS HASIL PENGUJIAN DCP DAN CPT SEBAGAI PENENTUAN PARAMETER KUAT GESER TANAH BANDARA SULTAN THAHA
Authors: Syuhada Syahidus , Ningrum Puspa , Yaumun Fauzi Buldan
Published: January 2025

Kuat geser tanah merupakan komponen penting dalam desain infrastruktur. Banyak pengujian yang dapat dilakukan untuk menentukan kuat geser tanah. Cone Penetration Test (CPT) merupakan pengujian yang umum dilakukan untuk memprediksi kuat geser tanah. Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) sering digunakan untuk memprediksi besarnya nilai kuat geser tanah dalam bentuk California Bearing Ratio (CBR) untuk menentukan tebal perkerasan jalan raya. Kuat geser tanah lempung untuk keperluan desain bangunan biasanya ditampilkan dalam undrained cohesion (cu) yang bisa didapatkan dari pengujian CPT. Dengan adanya pengujian DCP dan CPT yang dilakukan pada lokasi yang sama, akan dicari hubungan parameter kuat geser dari pengujian tersebut. Didapatkan hasil CBR = 0,2504 qc(kg/cm2) dan cu (kPa) = 14,455 CBR (%). Diharapkan hasil ini dapat menjadi perkiraan kasar sebagai rujukan untuk desain perkerasan jalan karena pengujian DCP terbatas dalam penggunaannya (hanya 1 m kedalaman tanah dasar).
Perioperative Anesthetic Management in Children: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Sultana Dr. Shamim Ara , Tasnim Dr. Rahnuma , Alam Dr. Mohammed Badrul , Ahmed Dr. Taj Uddin , Masud Dr. Mehedi , Hossain Dr. Shahadat , Alam Dr. Hassnul
Published: January 2025

Background: Anesthetic management in paediatric patients is challenging due to physiological and developmental differences compared to adults. The perioperative process includes preoperative preparation, intraoperative techniques and postoperative care which requires meticulous attention to avoid complications and ensure optimal outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the perioperative management of anesthesia in children, focusing on risk factors, preferred methods and areas for practice improvement. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted at Department of Anesthesiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) from July 2022 to June 2023. A total of 250 paediatric patients who underwent surgical procedures requiring anesthesia during the study period were included. Demographics characteristics, surgical details, anesthetic approaches, preoperative interventions, intraoperative techniques and postoperative outcomes were included. SPSS version 25 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Majority of the patients aged between 1–5 years (38%) with a predominance of males (59.6%). General anesthesia is most commonly used technique (72%) with oral midazolam as the preferred premedication (60.8% with 90% success rate). Airway management and blood loss were intraoperative challenges with nausea and vomiting (16.4%) and pain (12.8%) the most common postoperative complications. Pharmacological interventions and parents were effective in anxiety reduction and improved outcomes. Conclusion: Perioperative strategies tailored for paediatric patients significantly improve patient safety and minimize complications. More refinement of protocols would be needed in future studies to take care of perioperative patients further.
Changes of Peripapillary Hyperreflective Ovoid Mass-Like Structures in a Patient with Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
Authors: Makino Shinji
Published: January 2025

We present a case of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) in a 30-year-old woman. The ophthalmoscopic examination revealed marked papilledema in both eyes. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated bilateral enlargement of the optic nerve sheath and flattened posterior sclera. Optical coherence tomography demonstrated the presence of peripapillary hyperreflective ovoid mass–like structures (PHOMS). On lumbar puncture, the cerebrospinal fluid pressure was 300 mm H2O. She was prescribed acetazolamide, and the bilateral papilledema gradually improved. Two months later, the papilledema was completely resolved and PHOMS regressed. This case highlights the importance for clinicians to be aware of PHOMS with IIH.
The Role of Maternal Support in Developing Attitudes and Managing Anxiety of Adolescent Girls at Menarche: A Correlational Study
Authors: Hindrati Yusmar Izza , Yulifah Rita , Marcelina Sheilla Tania
Published: January 2025

Menarche is the first menstrual period during adolescence, which experiences changes during menarche and experiences anxiety. This research aimed to determine the relationship between maternal support and the attitudes and anxiety of adolescent girls facing menarche in Kalirejo Bangil Village. The design research correlation analysis was done using a cross-sectional approach, with a sample size of 38 teenage girls in grades 4-6 who had menstruated at the Kalirejo Bangil State Elementary School using a proportional random sampling technique. This research instrument uses a questionnaire. The data analysis was univariate and bivariate with the Spearman rank correlation test. The results of the univariate analysis showed that 29 teenage girls (76.3percent) had sufficient maternal support, 30 adolescent girls (78.9percent) had a good attitude, and 24 teenage girls (63.2percent) experienced moderate anxiety in facing menarche. Based on the results of the analysis using the Spearman Rank, it was found that in the variable maternal support and the attitude of adolescent girls, the P-value was 0.342, which means there is no relationship between maternal support and the attitude of adolescent girls in facing menarche, while in the variable maternal support and adolescent girls' anxiety, the P-value was 0.017, which means there is relationship between maternal support and adolescent girls' anxiety in facing menarche. Maternal support did not directly influence adolescent girls' positive or negative attitudes. However, there is a significant relationship between maternal support and adolescent girls' anxiety levels. The higher the perceived support, the lower the level of anxiety experienced.