bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimating the probability of sexual recidivism among men charged or convicted of sexual offences: Evidence-based guidance for applied evaluators
Authors: Helmus L. Maaike
Published: June 2021

Risk assessment is routinely applied in forensic decision-making. Although relative risk information from risk scales is robust across diverse samples and settings, estimates of the absolute probability of sexual recidivism are not. Nonetheless, absolute recidivism estimates are still necessary in some evaluations. This paper summarizes research and offers guidance on evidence-based practices for assessing the probability of recidivism, organized largely around questions commonly asked in court. Overall, estimating the probability of sexual recidivism is difficult and should be undertaken with humility and circumspection. That being said, research favours empirical-actuarial risk tools for this task, more structured scales, and the use of multiple scales. Professional overrides of risk scale results should not be used under any circumstances. Paradoxically, however, professional judgement is still required in some circumstances. Risk scales do not consider all relevant risk factors, but the added value of external risk factors reaches a point of diminishing returns and may or may not be incremental (or worse, can degrade accuracy). There are reasons actuarial risk scales may both underestimate recidivism (e.g., undetected offending, short follow-ups) and overestimate recidivism (e.g., inclusion of sex offences not of interest in some referral questions, data on declining crime and recidivism rates, newer studies demonstrating overestimation of recidivism). Given all these considerations and the need for humility, in the absence of exceptional circumstances, I would not deviate too far from empirical estimates.
La politique de traduction d’Edmonton : une étude de terrain1
Authors: Rao Sathya
Published: June 2021

Depuis près d’une dizaine d’années, le concept de politique de traduction (« translation policy ») a fait son entrée dans le domaine de la traductologie sous la plume d’auteurs comme Reine Meylaerts et Gabriel González Núñez. Cet article met à profit la typologie que ce dernier emprunte au sociolinguiste Bernard Spolsky pour caractériser la politique de traduction mise en oeuvre par la ville d’Edmonton depuis le début des années 2000. Par comparaison avec une ville comme Toronto dont la politique de traduction se trouve clairement formalisée dans le cadre de la Multilingual Information Provisions Policy (City of Toronto, 2017), celle d’Edmonton demeure relativement floue. Après avoir brossé le cadre général de la politique linguistique au Canada et en Alberta, nous décrirons la politique de traduction d’Edmonton en nous appuyant sur diverses données empiriques et documents que nous avons collectés. Ce faisant, notre propos sera moins d’évaluer cette politique (à l’aulne d’une certaine idée du multiculturalisme, du bilinguisme ou de la politique) que d’en comprendre les spécificités.
САЗНАЈНE ВРИЈЕДНОСТИ МЕТАФОРЕ У НАСТАВИ ГЕОГРАФИЈЕ
Authors: Трифуновић Млађен
Published: June 2021

Рад се бави анализом сазнајних могућности метафоре унутар области географског образовања. Суштинска когнитивна функција метафоре састоји се у томе да на основу познатог објашњава непознато. Овај процес догађа се путем спајања различитих система идеја. Метафора се, према томе, показује као веома ефикасан начин објашњења кључних идеја и појмова у наставном процесу конципираном на принципу интерпретације. У раду су дати и практични примјери могућности примјене различитих географских метафора.
ГЕОГРАФСКЕ КАРТЕ СРБИЈЕ И ЦРНЕ ГОРЕ РУСКИХ КАРТОГРАФА У 19. ВЕКУ
Authors: Грчић Мирко
Published: June 2021

У 19. веку Србија и Црна Гора су водиле борбе за слободу и повратак на европску историјску сцену. У томе су имали значајну подршку Русије, која је имала своје геополитичке и геостратешке циљеве на Балканском полуострву, у вези са решавањем тзв. „Источног питања“ тј. питања геополитичког наслеђа Eвропске Турске. Руски картографи су радили на припреми прецизних топографских карата балканске ратне позорнице, на којој је Русија у току 19. века водила четири рата против Отоманске империје. У овом раду разматрају се први радови руских картографа на тлу Србије и Црне Горе, непосредно после руско-турског рата 1828‒1829. и Хатишерифа 1831. године, с посебним освртом на картографско приказивање граница. Њихове карте су представљале напредак у односу на дотадашње аустријске и друге европске карте, а данас представљају прворазредну архивску грађу као документи о првом државно-правном успостављању граница Србије и Црне Горе. Циљ овога рада је да привуче пажњу истраживача за проучавања тих географских карата и контекста у којем су оне настале.
ГЛОБАЛИЗАЦИЈА И СИРОМАШТВО
Authors: Голић Рајко , Гајић Мирјана , Поповић Срђа
Published: June 2021

У раду се анализира вишедимензионални феномен сиромаштва који се јавља као глобални друштвени проблем. Сиромаштво представља сложени социјални проблем који се не може анализирати само показатељима као што је БДП по становнику, који је најчешћи показатељ, већ у комбинацији са осталим показатељима, који дају реалнију слику о димензији и обиму сиромаштва у свету и у Србији. Рад указује на узроке сиромаштва, гео- графску дистрибуцију, социјалну дистрибуцију и последице које то има на појединца и друштво у целини. Важно питање које аутори анализирају је корелација између сиромаштва и глобалних трендова који су резултат међуна- родних економских односа и нивоа развоја. У раду се поставља питање да ли и у којој мери глобализација утиче на сиромаштво и да ли је економски раст довољно средство за смањење сиромаштва.
МАПИРАЊЕ ПОПЛАВЉЕНИХ ПОДРУЧЈА ПРИМЈЕНОМ ДАЉИНСКЕ ДЕТЕКЦИЈЕ НА ПРИМЈЕРУ РИЈЕКЕ САНЕ
Authors: Бајић Даворин , Сабљић Лука
Published: June 2021

У овом раду приказан је модел мапирања поплављених подручја на примјеру ријеке Сане. Улазне податке, који се користе за модел обраде података, представљају сателитски снимци добијени са радарске плат- форме под називом Сентинел 1, Европске свемирске агенције. Модел се састоји из неколико корака обраде, гдје кључне кораке представљају предобрада и постобрада просторних података, те визуелизација коначног резултата. Предобрада и постобрада просторних података састоје се из више мањих корака, чији преглед аутори дају у скло- пу алгоритма који представља модел обраде података. Валидација примјењеног модела извршена је компарацијом подручја за које је вршено мапирање поплава и подручја на коме се налази већа водена површина, а која је била у датом временском периоду без поплава. Развијени модел може се практично примјенити у мапирању поплавље- них подручја, као што је то у случају овог рада ток ријеке Сане у Босни и Херцеговини.
Cure Rates of Control Interventions in Randomized Trials of Onychomycosis Treatments
Authors: Gupta Aditya K. , Venkataraman Maanasa , Quinlan Emma M. , Bamimore Mary A.
Published: June 2021

Background: The efficacy of antifungals for onychomycosis has been determined in randomized controlled trials (RCTs); interestingly, their control arms have demonstrated some therapeutic effects. These controls constitute either placebos (inert pills) or vehicles (all but the antifungal component of the creams). We sought to determine whether RCT controls exhibited statistically relevant efficacy rates (ie, beyond the placebo effect), whether oral and topical controls differed in their efficacies, and whether the efficacy rates of the controls correlated with those of the active comparator associated with that control.

Methods: All RCTs of oral and topical monotherapies for dermatophyte toenail onychomycosis were identified through a systematic literature search. For the meta-analyses of cure rates, the double arcsine transformation was used. The N – 1 χ2 test was used to determine whether the cure rates significantly differed between topical and oral controls. Correlation was investigated using Kendall rank correlation tests.

Results: The pooled mycological, complete, and clinical cure rates of the control interventions (19 trials) were 9%, 1%, and 6%, respectively. The pooled efficacy rates for oral and topical controls were as follows: mycological cure rate, 7% and 12% (P = .0016); complete cure rate, 1% for both; and clinical cure rate, 4% and 8%, respectively (P = .0033). For oral RCTs, the respective cure rates of the active therapies were not correlated with controls. However, for topical RCTs, as the mycological and clinical cure rates of the active therapy increased, so did those of the topical vehicle associated with the active therapy in question, and vice versa.

Conclusions: The topical vehicle cure rates were often higher than the oral placebo cure rates, likely due to the presence of nonantifungal chemicals (eg, moisturizers, urea) with antifungal and debriding properties, which are not present in oral controls.
Cortical signatures of precision grip force control in children, adolescents, and adults
Authors: Beck Mikkel Malling , Spedden Meaghan Elizabeth , Dietz Martin Jensen , Karabanov Anke Ninija , Christensen Mark Schram , Lundbye-Jensen Jesper
Published: June 2021

Human dexterous motor control improves from childhood to adulthood, but little is known about the changes in cortico-cortical communication that support such ontogenetic refinement of motor skills. To investigate age-related differences in connectivity between cortical regions involved in dexterous control, we analyzed electroencephalographic data from 88 individuals (range 8-30 years) performing a visually guided precision grip task using dynamic causal modelling and parametric empirical Bayes. Our results demonstrate that bidirectional coupling in a canonical ‘grasping network’ is associated with precision grip performance across age groups. We further demonstrate greater backward coupling from higher-order to lower-order sensorimotor regions from late adolescence in addition to differential associations between connectivity strength in a premotor-prefrontal network and motor performance for different age groups. We interpret these findings as reflecting greater use of top-down and executive control processes with development. These results expand our understanding of the cortical mechanisms that support dexterous abilities through development.
Identical sequences found in distant genomes reveal frequent horizontal transfer across the bacterial domain
Authors: Sheinman Michael , Arkhipova Ksenia , Arndt Peter F , Dutilh Bas E , Hermsen Rutger , Massip Florian
Published: June 2021

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is an essential force in microbial evolution. Despite detailed studies on a variety of systems, a global picture of HGT in the microbial world is still missing. Here, we exploit that HGT creates long identical DNA sequences in the genomes of distant species, which can be found efficiently using alignment-free methods. Our pairwise analysis of 93,481 bacterial genomes identified 138,273 HGT events. We developed a model to explain their statistical properties as well as estimate the transfer rate between pairs of taxa. This reveals that long-distance HGT is frequent: our results indicate that HGT between species from different phyla has occurred in at least 8% of the species. Finally, our results confirm that the function of sequences strongly impacts their transfer rate, which varies by more than three orders of magnitude between different functional categories. Overall, we provide a comprehensive view of HGT, illuminating a fundamental process driving bacterial evolution.
Genetic connectivity between Atlantic bluefin tuna larvae spawned in the Gulf of Mexico and in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Johnstone Carolina , Pérez Montse , Malca Estrella , Quintanilla José María , Gerard Trika , Lozano-Peral Diego , Alemany Francisco , Lamkin John , García Alberto , Laiz-Carrión Raúl
Published: June 2021

The highly migratory Atlantic bluefin tuna (ABFT) is currently managed as two distinct stocks, in accordance with natal homing behavior and population structuring despite the absence of barriers to gene flow. Larval fish are valuable biological material for tuna molecular ecology. However, they have hardly been used to decipher the ABFT population structure, although providing the genetic signal from successful breeders. For the first time, cooperative field collection of tuna larvae during 2014 in the main spawning area for each stock, the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) and the Mediterranean Sea (MED), enabled us to assess the ABFT genetic structure in a precise temporal and spatial frame exclusively through larvae. Partitioning of genetic diversity at nuclear microsatellite loci and in the mitochondrial control region in larvae spawned contemporarily resulted in low significant fixation indices supporting connectivity between spawners in the main reproduction area for each population. No structuring was detected within the GOM after segregating nuclear diversity in larvae spawned in two hydrographically distinct regions, the eastern GOM (eGOM) and the western GOM (wGOM), with the larvae from eGOM being more similar to those collected in the MED than the larvae from wGOM. We performed clustering of genetically characterized ABFT larvae through Bayesian analysis and by Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC) supporting the existence of favorable areas for mixing of ABFT spawners from Western and Eastern stocks, leading to gene flow and apparent connectivity between weakly structured populations. Our findings suggest that the eastern GOM is more prone for the mixing of breeders from the two ABFT populations. Conservation of this valuable resource exploited for centuries calls for intensification of tuna ichthyoplankton research and standardization of genetic tools for monitoring population dynamics.
Biological control of important fungal diseases of potato and raspberry by two Bacillus velezensis strains
Authors: Asaturova Anzhela , Shternshis Margarita , Tsvetkova Vera , Shpatova Tatyana , Maslennikova Vladislava , Zhevnova Natalya , Homyak Anna
Published: June 2021

Stem canker and black scurf caused by Rhizoctonia solani are the important diseases in potato, while spur blight caused by Didymella applanata is a major disease in red raspberry. In Western Siberia, both crops are grown predominantly in small-scale farming that requires maximal usage of biological products for plant protection instead of chemicals. We evaluated two promising Bacillus velezensis strains BZR 336 g and BZR 517 isolated in the south of Russia (45°1′N, 38°59′E) for their biological control potentials against the potato and red raspberry diseases under the more severe weather conditions of Western Siberia (55°1′N, 82°55′ E). We tested two techniques to apply biocontrol agents: (1) coating the seeds (potato tubers) and (2) spraying over the plants (raspberry canes). In each case, we estimated B. velezensis strains on two plant cultivars differed by the disease resistance. The degree of B. velezensis influence on disease incidence and severity depended on the bacterial strain, the protected plant, and its cultivar. We also demonstrated that two B. velezensis strains significantly stimulated plant growth of potato, which contributed to the plant productivity on both cultivars. The BZR 336 g strain affected the potato productivity more than the BZR 517 strain. Under the influence of both bacterial strains, raspberry yield was significantly higher compared to the control on the susceptible cultivar. These findings indicated that two southern B. velezensis strains had proved their efficacy as biological control agents in the control of the serious fungal infection of potato and raspberry plants under the more severe ecological conditions of Western Siberia. For the first time, we demonstrated B. velezensis strains potential for use as biological control agents against R. solani on potato, and against D. applanata on red raspberry.
Scotland: The Roman Presence
Authors: Hunter Fraser , Carruthers Martin
Published: June 2021

The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings:  Scotland in the Roman world: Research into Roman Scotland requires an appreciation of the wider frontier and Empire-wide perspectives, and Scottish projects must be integrated into these wider, international debates. The rich data set and chronological control that Scotland has to offer can be used to inform broader understandings of the impact of Rome.  Changing worlds: Roman Scotland’s rich data set should be employed to contribute to wider theoretical perspectives on topics such as identity and ethnicity, and how these changed over time. What was the experience of daily life for the various peoples in Roman Scotland and how did interactions between incomers and local communities develop and change over the period in question, and, indeed, at and after its end?  Frontier Life: Questions still remain regarding the disposition and chronology of forts and forces, as well as the logistics of sustaining and supplying an army of conquest and occupation. Sites must be viewed as part of a wider, interlocking set of landscapes, and the study of movement over land and by sea incorporated within this. The Antonine Wall provides a continuing focus of research which would benefit from more comparison with frontier structures and regimes in other areas.  Multiple landscapes: Roman sites need to be seen in a broader landscape context, ‘looking beyond the fort’ and explored as nested and interlocking landscapes. This will allow exploration of frontier life and the changing worlds of the Roman period. To do justice to this resource requires two elements: o Development-control archaeology should look as standard at the hinterland of forts (up to c.1 km from the ‘core’), as sensitive areas and worthy of evaluation; examples such as Inveresk show the density of activity around such nodes. The interiors of camps should be extensively excavated as standard. o Integrated approaches to military landscapes are required, bringing in where appropriate topographical and aerial survey, LIDAR, geophysics, the use of stray and metal-detected finds, as well as fieldwalking and ultimately, excavation.  The Legacy of Rome: How did the longer term influence of the Romans, and their legacy, influence the formation, nature and organisation of the Pictish and other emergent kingdoms?
Catalytic Oxidation of Ponceau 4R in Aqueous Solution using Iron-impregnated Al-pillared Bentonite: Optimization of the Process
Authors: Henao-Aguirre Paula Andrea , Macías-Quiroga Iván Fernando , Giraldo-Gómez Gloria Inés , Sanabria-González Nancy Rocío
Published: June 2021

The application of the Fenton-like process for the oxidation of an aqueous solution of Ponceau 4R dye, using an aluminum pillared clay impregnated with iron (Fe(wt%)/Al-PILC) as catalyst, was investigated. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM), based on a Central Composite Design (CCD) was used to evaluate and optimize the oxidation process of a Ponceau 4R solution. Three independent variables were studied in the experimental design: the amount of H2O2 expressed in multiples of times of stoichiometry dose, iron concentration incorporated by impregnation onto aluminum pillared clay (Fe(wt%)), and amount of catalyst (Fe(wt%)/Al-PILC). The response variables were decolorization and total organic carbon (TOC) removal. The significance of independent variables and their interactions were tested by means of analysis of variance (ANOVA), with a 95% confidence level. With low stoichiometric dose of H2O2 (0.96 and 1.54 times), medium amount of catalyst (374.4 and 391.3 mg) and high Fe concentration impregnated in pillared clay (9.3 and 7.7 wt%), the total decolorization and high TOC removal were achieved. Under multi-objective optimization conditions (3.0 times the stoichiometric dose of H2O2, 420 mg Fe(wt%)/Al-PILC and 5.5 wt% Fe impregnated in Al-PILC), it was possible to achieve 86.18% decolorization and 66.81% TOC removal after 5 h of reaction at 25 °C, with the additional advantage of showing an iron leaching of less than 0.10 mg/L. The established models' soundness is confirmed by a good fit between predictive models and experimental results. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Evaluation of the effects of prolonged furniture prior to and after operating / Avaliação dos efeitos do jejum prolongado no pré e pós-operatórios
Authors: Pinto Ana Cristina Silva , Ferreira Rosiane Santos , Gomes Priscilla Manhães , De Andrade Lidiane Bonin , Tavares Janaína de Medeiros
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: investigar o jejum prolongado em pacientes que submeteram-se a procedimentos cirúrgicos abdominais e do trato gastrointestinal com uso de anestesia geral, e as possíveis complicações no pré, intra e pós operatório. Método: estudo exploratório-descritivo, com recorte transversal retrospectivo-documental e abordagem quali-quantitativa, realizado num Hospital Federal do Rio de Janeiro, com análise documental referente ao período de janeiro de 2013 a abril de 2018. Resultado: houve uma grande variação no tempo de jejum pré-operatório, 0,3% dos pacientes fizeram jejum até 8 horas e 11,3% até 12 horas, alguns casos chegaram a fazer mais de 24 horas de jejum. Conclusão: foi perceptível que dentre prontuários analisados, os pacientes permaneceram em jejum perioperatório muito superiores fora dos padrões de segurança estipulados, gerando intercorrências que causam desconforto ao paciente, prejudicam a reabilitação, aumentam o tempo de internação e oneram o sistema.
Incidence of pressure ulcer in spinal cord injured patients admitted to intensive care units / Incidência de lesão por pressão em lesados medulares internados em unidades de terapia intensiva
Authors: Prado Athaynne Ramos de Aguiar , Figueiredo Nébia Maria Almeida de , Santo Sé Aline Coutinho , Rezende Luciana Krauss , Silva Hilmara Ferreira da , Machado Wiliam César Alves
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: verificar incidência de lesão por pressão (LP) em clientes com lesão medular (LM) internados em Unidades Intensivas logo após o trauma e os fatores de risco para seu desenvolvimento. Método: estudo epidemiológico e retrospectivo através de análise dos prontuários período de julho de 2013 a julho de 2014. Foi realizada análise descritiva e comparou-se as proporções por meio de teste não paramétrico. O nível de significância estatístico foi de p≤0,05. Resultados: analisou-se 98 prontuários de clientes com LM e 64 desenvolveram LP, coeficiente global de incidência de 65,3%. A incidência foi maior no sexo feminino e quanto maior a média de idade maior a sua incidência. A mobilidade no leito passiva e o tempo de internação teve correlação positiva com o surgimento de LP. Conclusão: lesados medulares apresentam-se susceptíveis ao surgimento de LP na primeira internação após o trauma e o seu impacto é significativo pois configura-se como barreira à reintegração social.
Therapeutic routines of womenwith breast cancer: perceptions of nurses of primary health care / Itinerários terapêuticos das mulheres com câncer de mama: percepções dos enfermeiros da atenção primária em saúde
Authors: Souza Jeane Barros de , Manorov Maraísa , Martins Emanuelly Luize , Reis Luana , Heidemann Ivonete Teresinha S. Buss
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: desvelar as percepções dos enfermeiros da atenção primária quanto a assistência em saúde fornecida as mulheres com câncer de mama. Método: estudo exploratório, descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado com oito enfermeiras que atuam na Estratégia Saúde da Família de um município catarinense. A coleta de dados deu-se através da entrevista semiestruturada, no segundo semestre de 2018. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo. Resultados: a oferta do tratamento gratuito pelo SUS e o munícipio ser referência para o tratamento oncológico despontaram como potencialidades. A falta de protocolos para ampliação da autonomia do enfermeiro e de um fluxo de referência e contra referência foram destacados como fragilidades. Conclusão: são necessárias ações de educação permanente para profissionais e estabelecimento de fluxos visando a qualificação da assistência em tempo oportuno, bem como adoção de estratégias de promoção e prevenção para a diminuição dessa enfermidade.
Knowledge of adolescents on vaccines: an integrating review / Conhecimento de adolescentes sobre vacinas: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Santos Cunha Juliane Danielly , Pacheco Rodrigues Malvina Thaís , Medeiros Mascarenhas Márcio Dênis , Da Rocha Santos da Silva Marcus Vinicius , Campos da Silva Déborah Fernanda
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: analisar as produções científicas acerca do conhecimento dos adolescentes sobre vacinas. Métodos: revisão integrativa que utilizou as bases de dados: Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval Sistem on-line (MEDLINE) e Bases de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF). Os descritores foram utilizados com a seguinte equação de busca: “Conhecimento” and “Adolescentes” and “Vacinas”. Incluíram-se artigos científicos do tipo original, publicados de 2010 a 2017, com adolescentes, nos idiomas português, espanhol e inglês, disponíveis on-line na íntegra e de modo gratuito; excluíram-se artigos incompletos, teses, dissertações e monografias. Resultados: as seis produções científicas analisadas revelaram conhecimento escasso acerca das práticas de imunização e déficit de conhecimento sobre vacinas entre os adolescentes. Conclusão: o nível de conhecimento dos adolescentes sobre vacinas é insatisfatório, representando um fator que pode ocasionar diminuição da cobertura vacinal e aumentar a vulnerabilidade desses indivíduos as doenças imunopreveníveis.
Acetate overflow metabolism regulates a major metabolic shift after glucose depletion in Escherichia coli
Authors: Shimada Tomohiro , Nakazawa Kohta , Tachikawa Tomoyuki , Saito Natsumi , Niwa Tatsuya , Taguchi Hideki , Tanaka Kan
Published: June 2021

Acetate overflow refers to the metabolism by which a large part of carbon incorporated as glucose into Escherichia coli cells is catabolized and excreted as acetate into the medium. We previously found that mutants for the acetate overflow pathway enzymes phosphoacetyltransferase (Pta) and acetate kinase (AckA) showed significant diauxic growth after glucose depletion in E. coli. Here, we analyzed the underlying mechanism in the pta mutant. Proteomic and other analyses revealed an increase in pyruvate dehydrogenase complex subunits and a decrease in glyoxylate shunt enzymes, which resulted from pyruvate accumulation. Since restoration of these enzyme levels by overexpressing PdhR (pyruvate‐sensing transcription factor) or deleting iclR (gene encoding a pyruvate‐ and glyoxylate‐sensing transcription factor) alleviated the growth lag of the pta mutant after glucose depletion, these changes were considered as the reason for the phenotype. Given the evidence for decreased coenzyme A (HS‐CoA) levels in the pta mutant, the growth inhibition after glucose depletion was partly explained by limited availability of HS‐CoA in the cell. The findings provide insights into the role of acetate overflow in metabolic regulation, which may be useful for biotechnological applications.
Tailored Mechanical Metamaterials with Programmable Quasi‐Zero‐Stiffness Features for Full‐Band Vibration Isolation
Authors: Zhang Quan , Guo Dengke , Hu Gengkai
Published: June 2021

Quasi‐zero‐stiffness (QZS) isolators of high‐static‐low‐dynamic stiffness play an important role in ultra‐low frequency vibration mitigation. While the current designs of QZS mainly exploit the combination of negative‐stiffness corrector and positive‐stiffness element, and only have a single QZS working range, here a class of tailored mechanical metamaterials with programmable QZS features is proposed. These programmed structures contain curved beams with geometries that are specifically designed to enable the prescribed QZS characteristics. When these metamaterials are compressed, the curved beams reach the prescribed QZS working range in sequence, thus enabling tailored stair‐stepping force‐displacement curves with multiple QZS working ranges. Compression tests demonstrate that a vast design space is achieved to program the QZS features of the metamaterials. Further vibration tests confirm the ultra‐low frequency vibration isolation capability of the proposed mechanical metamaterials. The mechanism of QZS stems solely from the structural geometry of the curved beams and is therefore materials‐independent. This design strategy opens a new avenue for innovating compact and scalable QZS isolators with multiple working ranges.
Fabrication of Citric Acid/RGD Multilayers on Mg‐Zn‐Y‐Nd Alloy via Layer‐by‐Layer Self‐Assembly for Promoting Surface Biocompatibility
Authors: Kou Fang , Liu Changsheng , Wang Liguo , Yasin Aqeela , Li Jingan , Guan Shaokang
Published: June 2021

Magnesium (Mg) alloy, an important biodegradable material widely investigated on cardiovascular stent, is restricted for further application due to some limited functions, such as the excessively rapid degradation rate, poor hemocompatibility, and delayed re‐endothelialization. To overcome these shortcomings, surface modification with biomolecules has attracted much attention. In this study, the multifunctional coatings of citric acid (CA) and Arg‐Gly‐Asp (RGD) via layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly are immobilized onto the polydopamine (PDA) deposited surface which is passivated with hydrofluoric acid (HF) solution before. The basic characterization results suggest that PDA/(CA‐RGD)2 coating exhibits a rich‐in‐amine and hydrophilic surface. The corrosion current density of PDA/(CA‐RGD)2 exposed to simulated body fluid is reduced by 95.65% from 1.586 × 10−4 to 6.894 × 10−6 A cm−2 under the protection of the dense MgF2 layer and multifunctional coatings. Besides, inhibition on platelet adhesion, hemolysis rates, and fibrinogen adsorption also prove the enhanced hemocompatibility of the PDA/(CA‐RGD)2 coatings. Meanwhile, the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) culture results jointly prove the excellent endothelialization performance of functionalized samples. In conclusion, the above mentioned results reveal that the functionalized surface of PDA/(CA‐RGD)2 displays better overall performance, indicating a preferable application for cardiovascular stents.
CO2‐Induced 2D Ni‐BDC Metal–Organic Frameworks with Enhanced Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction Activity
Authors: Chang Hongwei , Zhou Yannan , Zhang Suoying , Zheng Xiaoli , Xu Qun
Published: June 2021

The rational design of 2D metal–organic framework (MOF) nanosheets with high active exposed surfaces and ultrathin thickness is a critical issue for CO2 reduction. How to fabricate 2D MOFs and simultaneously fulfill the strong adsorption and activation of CO2 molecules is a great challenge. Here, it is reported that CO2 molecules can help to fabricate single‐layer [Ni3(OH)2(1,4‐BDC)2‐(H2O)4]·2H2O, BDC = 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate, (Ni‐BDC) MOF nanosheets with large sizes and uniform thickness by exchanging with the coordinated H2O molecules at Ni sites and further orientated chemically adsorption on it. CO2 molecules can not only help break the interlayer hydrogen bond of bulk materials realizing the successful transformation from 3D to 2D, but also contribute to expose the (200) planes with highly active in photocatalytic CO2‐to‐CO conversion, and a high production rate of 104 mmol g−1 h−1 and a high Faraday efficiency of 96.8% can be obtained. This strategy provides a novel prototypical model based on the strong interaction between metal active centers and reactive molecules to obtain 2D MOFs with high quality and activity.
Plasma‐Assisted Deposition of Silk Fibroin on Different Surfaces
Authors: Arkhangelskiy Artem , Maniglio Devid , Bucciarelli Alessio , Yadavalli Vamsi K. , Quaranta Alberto
Published: June 2021

The development of simple and versatile methods for the deposition of biocompatible coatings to protect or functionalize a range of materials with different shapes is an important challenge. In this study, a versatile, room‐temperature process is presented for the deposition of silk fibroin on different materials viz., glass, polyethylene terephthalate, Ti alloy, and poly(dimethylsiloxane). Coating with thin fibroin films is achieved using an atmospheric plasma torch, wherein a silk‐fibroin aerosol solution is used as the working gas. The method consists of two sequential processes: plasma modification of the surface, followed by plasma‐assisted deposition. This allows enhanced adhesion of the protein to the underlying surfaces, and the deposition even on non‐planar and flexible substrates. The deposited films are characterized by optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Primary and secondary structures of the surface‐attached fibroin films are investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The proposed approach offers a tunable and controllable strategy for the controlled deposition of proteins on complex surfaces, for a wide range of biomedical and technological applications, including dentistry and bioelectronics.
Natural Origin Biomaterials for 4D Bioprinting Tissue‐Like Constructs
Authors: Costa Patrícia D. C. , Costa Dora C. S. , Correia Tiago R. , Gaspar Vítor M. , Mano João F.
Published: June 2021

Leveraging 4D biofabrication for engineering biomimetic living constructs is rapidly emerging as a valuable strategy for recapitulating native tissue dynamics, via on‐demand stimuli, or in a naturally evolving mode. Carefully selecting smart materials with suitable responsiveness and cell‐supporting functionalities is crucial to take full operational advantage of this next‐generation technology. Recent endeavors combining naturally available polymers or hybrid smart materials improve the potential to manufacture volumetrically defined, cell‐rich constructs that may display stimuli–responsive properties, shape memory/shape morphing features, and/or dynamic motion in time. In this review, natural origin biomaterials and the stimuli that can be exploited for granting dynamic morphological features and functionalities post‐printing are highlighted. A broad overview of recent reports focusing on 4D‐bioprinted constructs for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is also provided and critically discussed in light of current challenges, as well as foreseeable advances. It is envisioned that upon assurance of key regulatory demands, such technology will become translatable to numerous biomedical applications that require fabrication of constructs with dynamic functionality.
Radiative Rate Modulation Reveals Near‐Unity Quantum Yield of Graphene Quantum Dots
Authors: Ghosh Subhabrata , Oleksiievets Nazar , Enderlein Jörg , Chizhik Alexey I.
Published: June 2021

A fundamental but difficult to assess photophysical property of quantum emitters is their fluorescence quantum yield. It describes how efficiently a fluorophore converts absorbed light into fluorescence. Conventional measurements of quantum yield are prone to errors when the sample contains also absorbing but non‐luminescent species. This is, however, commonly encountered in complex systems such as graphene quantum dots that are either optically inactive themselves or contain impurities formed during nanoparticle synthesis. Their presence can lead to a gross underestimation of the quantum yield of the luminescent species. Here, a plasmonic nanocavity‐based method is used to measure absolute quantum yields of graphene quantum dots by modulating their radiative rate. This method is insensitive to the presence of non‐luminescent species and allows to measure absolute values of quantum yield of the luminescent nanoparticles. The determined quantum yields of nearly 100% significantly exceed previously reported values. By comparing these values with those obtained with a comparative method, the average size and relative concentration of the non‐luminescent particles is determined. Thus, this nanocavity‐based method offers a new way for not only measuring absolute values of quantum yield, but also for assessing the fraction of optically inactive species within a sample.
Recent Advances in N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization for the Formation of Heterocycles
Authors: Pavithra T. , Devi E. Sankari , Maheswari C. Uma
Published: June 2021

Oxidative N‐heterocyclic carbene catalyst mediated cyclization proved to be an efficient strategy for the construction of various N‐ and O‐ heterocycles. Among several metal‐free methods available for the construction of heterocyclic compounds, oxidative NHC catalysis proved to be an elegant and efficient strategy as several enantioenriched compounds with excellent enantioselectivities can be synthesized in good yields. The most common method of the generation of these heterocycles proceeds via the commonly encountered intermediate in oxidative NHC catalysis (i. e.) acyl azolium intermediate. This intermediate proves to be the active species as it can undergo reaction with suitable substrates leading to the formation of numerous N‐ and O‐ heterocycles. Herein, recent reports on different strategies that enable formal [2+2], [3+2], [3+3], [4+2] or [4+3] annulations between the incoming substrates and acyl azolium species or other active intermediates which can add to suitable substrate leading to various heterocycles were summarized.
Artificial Light‐Harvesting Systems Based on AIEgen‐branched Rotaxane Dendrimers for Efficient Photocatalysis
Authors: Li Wei‐Jian , Wang Xu‐Qing , Zhang Dan‐Yang , Hu Yi‐Xiong , Xu Wei‐Tao , Xu Lin , Wang Wei , Yang Hai‐Bo
Published: June 2021

Aiming at the construction of novel platform for efficient light harvesting, the precise synthesis of a new family of AIEgen‐branched rotaxane dendrimers was successful realized from an AIEgen‐functionalized [2]rotaxane through a controllable divergent approach. In the resultant AIE macromolecules, up to twenty‐one AIEgens located at the tails of each branches, thus making them the first successful example of AIEgen‐branched dendrimers. Attributed to the solvent‐induced switching feature of the rotaxane branches, the integrated rotaxane dendrimers displayed interesting dynamic feature upon the aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) process. Moreover, novel artificial light‐harvesting systems were further constructed based on these AIEgen‐branched rotaxane dendrimers, which revealed impressive generation‐dependent photocatalytic performances for both photooxidation reaction and aerobic cross‐dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reaction.
Eckenverknüpfung von drei (BO4)‐Tetraedern in einem Borosulfat: Synthese, Kristallstruktur und quantenchemische Untersuchung von Sr[B3O(SO4)4(SO4H)]
Authors: Pasqualini Leonard C. , Huppertz Hubert , Je Minyeong , Choi Heechae , Bruns Jörn
Published: June 2021

Borosulfate werden als Silicat‐analoge Materialien klassifiziert. Trotz der begrenzten Zahl kristallographisch charakterisierter Verbindungen ist deren strukturelle Vielfalt bereits jetzt beeindruckend. Die anionischen Substrukturen der Borosulfate weisen eckenverknüpfte (BO4)‐ und (SO4)‐Tetraeder auf, während Verbrückungen zwischen zwei (SO4)‐ oder auch zwischen zwei (BO4)‐Tetraedern selten sind. Mit Sr[B3O(SO4)4(SO4H)] wird nun über das erste Borsulfat berichtet, in welchem gleich drei (BO4)‐Tetraedern mittels einer Eckenverknüpfung über ein gemeinsames Sauerstoffatom verknüpft sind. DFT‐Rechnungen ergänzen die experimentellen Untersuchungen. Bader‐Ladungen (berechnet für alle Atome), sowie Ladungsdichteberechnungen geben Hinweise auf die Elektronenverteilung innerhalb der anionischen Substruktur. Zustandsdichte‐Rechnungen unterstützen die Interpretation der Bindungssituation.
A Near‐Infrared‐II Emissive Chromium(III) Complex
Authors: Sinha Narayan , Jiménez Juan‐Ramón , Pfund Björn , Prescimone Alessandro , Piguet Claude , Wenger Oliver S.
Published: June 2021

The combination of π‐donating amido with π‐accepting pyridine coordination units in a tridentate chelate ligand causes a strong nephelauxetic effect in a homoleptic CrIII complex, which shifts its luminescence to the NIR‐II spectral range. Previously explored CrIII polypyridine complexes typically emit between 727 and 778 nm (in the red to NIR‐I spectral region), and ligand design strategies have so far concentrated on optimizing the ligand field strength. The present work takes a fundamentally different approach and focusses on increasing metal–ligand bond covalence to shift the ruby‐like 2E emission of CrIII to 1067 nm at 77 K.
mTORC1 and ferroptosis: Regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic potential
Authors: Lei Guang , Zhuang Li , Gan Boyi
Published: June 2021

Ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death triggered by lipid hydroperoxide accumulation, has an important role in a variety of diseases and pathological conditions, such as cancer. Targeting ferroptosis is emerging as a promising means of therapeutic intervention in cancer treatment. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, reactive oxygen species, and labile iron constitute the major underlying triggers for ferroptosis. Other regulators of ferroptosis have also been discovered recently, among them the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), a central controller of cell growth and metabolism. Inhibitors of mTORC1 have been used in treating diverse diseases, including cancer. In this review, we discuss recent findings linking mTORC1 to ferroptosis, dissect mechanisms underlying the establishment of mTORC1 as a key ferroptosis modulator, and highlight the potential of co‐targeting mTORC1 and ferroptosis in cancer treatment. This review will provide valuable insights for future investigations of ferroptosis and mTORC1 in fundamental biology and cancer therapy.
Tuning of Absorption Wavelength of Retinal Studied by Time‐Dependent Density Functional Theory
Authors: Lee Myung Won
Published: June 2021

Retinal bound to protein is a chromophore whose absorption wavelength changes considerably depending on the protein environment. It is the key component for animal vision and plays an important role in converting light to metabolic energy in certain microorganisms. In the present study, we used time‐dependent density functional theory to compute the absorption wavelength of all‐trans‐retinal in the form of protonated Schiff base under various conditions and show that electrostatic interactions are important in color‐tuning, while structural change also affects the absorption wavelength to some extent.
Integrative analysis of TP73 profile prognostic significance in WHO grade II/III glioma
Authors: Chen Yanming , Wang Ye , He Qiheng , Wang Wen , Zhang Tan , Wang Zhongyong , Dong Jun , Lan Qing , Zhao Jizong
Published: June 2021

Due to the extremely intrinsic heterogeneity among glioma patients, the outcomes of these patients are tremendously different. Therefore, the exploitation of novel biomarker classification of glioma is vitally important for deep insight into the essence and predicting the prognosis of glioma. We aim to analyze the correlation between TP73 mRNA expression, DNA methylated alteration and the prognosis of WHO grade II/III glioma, utilizing bioinformatics to evaluate its significance as a risk‐factor in predicting the prognosis of these glioma patients. The analysis found that TP73 expression was positively correlated with the grade of glioma, and showed a strong correlation with glioma molecular classification, which revealed significantly higher TP73 expression in IDH‐wildtype than in IDH‐mutant subtype of WHO grade II/III glioma. Cox regression analysis indicated that high expression of TP73 shared an independent high‐risk factor impacting the prognosis of WHO grade II/III glioma. We discovered 8 DNA promoter methylation sites with prognostic significance, which were negatively associated with TP73 expression, and positively associated with beneficial overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS). Integrating with four independent glioma datasets, subsequent Meta‐analysis verified that low expression of TP73 was closely related to favorable OS, especially in IDH‐mutant subtype. Moreover, we found that 1p/19qCodel/TP73low subgroup shared the most favorable OS, 1p/19qNon−codel/TP73high subgroup suffered the worst OS. Meanwhile, the enrichment analysis of TP73‐related differential mRNAs demonstrated that TP73 aberration in WHO grade II/III glioma might be closely related to cell cycle and P53 signaling pathways. Finally, TP73 expression of 53 glioma specimens was measured by qRT‐PCR, which was consistent with the previous analytical result, and TP73 high‐expression subgroup suffered worse PFS than TP73 low‐expression subgroup. In summary, our funding supports that TP73 gene can perform as a reliable biomarker to evaluate the survival outcome of patients diagnosed with WHO grade II/III glioma.
ALOX5‐5‐HETE promotes gastric cancer growth and alleviates chemotherapy toxicity via MEK/ERK activation
Authors: Tang Jianjun , Zhang Chuang , Lin Jingjing , Duan Peng , Long Jian , Zhu Hongyan
Published: June 2021

Background

Recent studies highlight the regulatory role of arachidonate lipoxygenase5 (Alox5) and its metabolite 5‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5‐HETE) in cancer tumorigenesis and progression. In this study, we analyzed the expression, biological function and the downstream signaling of Alox5 in gastric cancer.

Methods

Alox5 protein levels were measured using IHC and ELISA. Growth, migration and survival assays were performed. Phosphorylation of molecules involved in growth and survival signaling were analyzed by WB. Analysis of variance and t‐test were used for statistic analysis.

Results

Alox5 and 5‐HETE levels were upregulated in gastric cancer patients. ALOX5 overexpression or 5‐HETE addition activates gastric cancer cells and reduces chemotherapy’s efficacy. In contrast, ALOX5 inhibition via genetic and pharmacological approaches suppresses gastric cancer cells and enhances chemotherapy’s efficacy. In addition, Alox5 inhibition led to suppression of ERK‐mediated signaling pathways whereas ALOX5‐5‐HETE activates ERK‐mediated signaling in gastric cancer cells.

Conclusions

Our work demonstrates the critical role of ALOX5‐5‐HETE in gastric cancer and provides pre‐clinical evidence to initialize clinical trial using zileuton in combination with chemotherapy for treating gastric cancer.
Rapid Multialkylation of Aqueous Ammonia with Alcohols by Heterogeneous Iridium Catalyst under Simple Conditions
Authors: Yu Han , Ma Lin , Wada Kenji , Kurihara Ryohsuke , Feng Qi , Uemura Shinobu , Isoda Kyosuke
Published: June 2021

This paper reports the synthesis of tertiary and secondary amines from aqueous ammonia and benzylic alcohols by titania‐supported iridium catalyst. It is a successful example of heterogeneous systems at moderate temperature without either additional solvent or high pressure. The catalytic system showed good tolerance to the atmosphere condition and performed rapidly to give tribenzylamine a yield of over 99 % within 6 hours in argon. The crystal structure of titania supports for iridium catalysts strongly affected their activity. The catalysis smoothly proceeded on larger scales. The catalyst could be easily reused and run at least for 5 cycles without significant loss of activity. The highly‐dispersed iridium species of less than 2 nm in diameter would be responsible for the excellent catalytic activity. This catalyst is well applicable in multialkylation of aqueous ammonia with various primary and secondary benzylic alcohols.