bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study of the Effects and Policy Implications of Flat Rate Tuition
Authors: Keenan Claudine , Chhatwal Gurprit , Wang Jinchang
Published: August 2018

In the current era of decreasingpublic funding and increasing pressure to improve student performance, many schools are considering or have implementedflat rate tuitionplans that allow students to take a higher course load for a fixed â€œflatâ€ tuition. This study investigates the effects of flat rate tuition over the past eight years on course loads attempted by students, rate of withdrawal from classes,and four-year graduation rates ata four-year public college. This study shows that students are responsive to flat rate tuition,and flat rate tuition has had an overallpositive effect on studentsâ€™ academic progress.
The Perceptions of Global warming and Environmental Benefits of Biodiesel for Sustainable Energy Among High school Students in Jakarta
Authors: Bayazid Erdawati
Published: August 2018

The increased demand for energy, climate change, and energy security concerns has driven the research interest for the development of alternative fuel from plant origin. Biodiesel derived from plant oils, which include edible and non-edible oil have gained interest for the last two decades as alternative for diesel around the world. The purpose of this study was to determine the perceptions of high school students in Jakarta on the regarding renewable biodiesel. The study conducted a survey among twelve-grade. High school students studying in private schools in easten Jakarta Â in order toexplore their perceptions of biodiesel Â production from non eedible oil and edible oil Â for heat and power. A total of 20 item questionnaires were administeredto a total ofÂ  185 students in twelve grades. In addition, three open-endedquestions were asked of the students in order to determine their level of knowledge regarding biodiesel, and power stations. The study data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical package program. The study results revealed that, thestudents were of the perception Â that biodiesel Â use wouldreduce global warming, and that renewable energy sources areenvironment-friendly, non toxic and renewable.In addition, thestudents generally knew about biodiesel Â sources and their importance, although they lacked knowledge about certain aspects of biodiesel.The study recommends energy and educational policy makers to increase awareness of Â non edible and edible oil baseed bioenergy production among young students. In this respect, schools, parents, and media can also play an important role to engage young students in bioenergy related discussions.
Les reprÃ©sentations des enfants de 5-6 ans sur la fusion et la solidification du sel, comme support pour le dÃ©ploiement des activitÃ©s didactiques
Authors: Ravanis Konstantinos
Published: August 2018

The representation of the properties and phenomena of the physical world exists from the beginning of life, as a first datum of reality. In several studies focused on children's representations we find that these representations these representations are critical to education and are often incompatible with the scientific model. This article presents the results of an empirical research on the representations of young children for melting and solidification of salt. The research sample consisted of 79 pre-school children (five to six years old) from one state kindergarten in Greece. Data were collected through expanded, open type, semi-structured individual conversations between a child of the sample and one researcher. The results of the interviews show that these children use different types of representations, the majority dominated by the nature of the substance under study.
Application of Soft Systems Methodology in Defining Professional Communication Skills for Malaysian Graduates.
Authors: Jauhar Ahmad-Tajuddin Azza , Subramaniam Ganakumaran
Published: August 2018

This paper investigates the usage of Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) as an assessment tool for improving teaching and learning English in Malaysian higher education institutions (HEIs). In this study, the Malaysian stakeholders â€“ industries, government agencies of Malaysia and HEIs â€“ are the â€˜intervenersâ€™ who create the best solutions of the problematic situation of poor professional communication skills amongst the graduates. By using SSM, it is anticipated that stakeholders involved would reach a common ground in defining Professional Communication Skills (PCS), which will decrease the problem of skill mismatches. It is discovered thatSSM was able to examine the requirement from all parties by offering them a proper and equal stage to voice out their opinion. It is believed that SSM can help instructors and policy makers of Malaysian HEIs in making a sound judgement in teaching PCS in classrooms, and help to develop our graduatesâ€™ potential to bemore marketable employees.
Grammatical accuracy & length across computer-assisted and pencilâ€“and-paper assessments: Variation in advanced-level EFL writing
Authors: Notash Masoud Yaghoubi , Mahmoodi Maryam
Published: August 2018

The sweeping trend of communication technologies increasingly makes computers and computer-based operations an indispensable part of our everyday lives. Education as a institution deeply rooted within the context of the broader community can, therefore, hardly afford to do without the digital era. Assessment, as a subcategory of education, is expected to be under the influence of the same trend. The present study, focusing on the EFL situation in Iran compared two equal-sized advanced learnersâ€™ Â each containing 20) writing accuracy and length. One group employed the traditional paper-and-pencil Â PPT) mode while the other used computer-assisted language testing Â CALT). Â Results indicated a significantly more accurate writing for the CALT group, while a longer writing production for the PPT group. Implications of the study are discussed.
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS AND TERRITORIAL METHODS: HOW TO IMPROVE EDUCATIONAL AND RESEARCH TOOLS IN GEOGRAPHY
Authors: Ricart Casadevall Sandra
Published: August 2018

Interest in obtaining a more accurate snapshot of the territory is increasingly relevant in most geographic studies. This proposal is based on the stakeholder analysis approach and the governance model approach to analysing any topic with a geographical profile or interest from an educational and methodological point of view. The selection of those approaches and the application of some related techniques have been used to generate a new tool for identifying and characterizing the key stakeholders in order to understand their behaviour and its influence or power on decision-making processes.Â This methodology can be used by educational members and geographers as a working basis to analyse an exchange social-learning from confronted interests.
POLITICS AND LEADERSHIP FATIGUE IN AFRICA. A THEORETICAL APPRAISAL.
Authors: Akani Christian
Published: August 2018

Colonialism cannot be forgotten in Africa because of the disorientation and dissonance it enforced. This scenario paved wayÂ  for unbridled expropriationÂ  of human and material resources. But, by the beginning of the 1940s AfricanÂ  nationalistsÂ  rejected the colonial political economy, andÂ  demanded for self governance.Â  The aftermath of their demand engendered a wind of change which swept most African states to statehood in the 1960s. Regrettably, five decades after independence, the continent is still experiencing a free fallÂ  in all human development sectors. Those who inherited political power, rather than ensuring inclusive governance have imposed pain and terror on their people . With an analytical , method the paper argues that politics is squarely responsible for the leadership fatigue in the continent. It concludes that for Africa to have the right leaders they desire, the political institutions must guarantee popular participation.
Perceptions of the first-year university students of the use of ICT in the teaching of physics: case of a course of electricity
Authors: GUENNOUN Btissam , Benjelloun Nadia
Published: August 2018

Within the framework of a research aiming to evaluate the impact of the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in higher teaching of physics, we carried out a study with 122 students enrolled in first year of the science spinneret of the physical matter (SMP) at the University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz â€“ fez. This study aims in particular to identify the perceptions which these students have after learning the course of electricity integrating the ICT.The results of our investigation also show that the use of these toolsÂ in this course has provided an easy and convenient access toÂ its scientific content and improved the learning of 48.4% of the questioned students, in addition it allowed 52.5% of the surveyed students to actively participate and to ask more questions during the course. The results of our study have also shown that the teaching of the course of electricity within the university should be accompanied by a handout and based on more developed and detailed demonstrations in the board and a judicious use of the presentations integrating filmed experiments.
INTEGRATING ANIMATION INTO TEACHING COMPUTER SIMULATION
Authors: Farahmand Kambiz , Singh Wadhwa Satpal , Mostafa Mahmoud
Published: August 2018

Computer simulation is an experiment using a computer model to represent a unique system.Â  Variables are defined and parameters to be study are monitored and recorded. Growing caÂ­pabilities and decreasing costs of microcomputers are placing this powerful tool at the fingertips of scientists and engineers. In the past, the use of digital computers in simulation required a considerable amount of programming effort. This is no longer a true statement.Â Simulation provides the student with a greater breadth and depth of information on which decisions could be made. It is also considered one of the most valuable and flexible decision making tools available. Flexible simulation and animation models developed using a multitude of softwareâ€™s available in the market today is considered a very powerful and effective approach in engineering education. Simulation and animation models could easily be used to solve complex and dynamic problems in both the classroom and real life.Computer simulation techniques and soft wares have been used for more than a decade to help engineers in development, trouble shooting, problem solving, and decision making process. The new paradigm in computer simulation is the use of animation and virtual reality to build engineering models and animation, simulate operations and performance. The fantastic progress in computer hardware and software industry has now opened a new and higher level of teaching computer simulation.
Logarithm Concept Teaching in Teaching â€œPresent Reasonsâ€
Authors: Ailing Wang , Bin Xiong
Published: August 2018

Two key points of logarithm concept teaching design view are examined in this study. â€œPresent Reasonsâ€ educational theory is examined for purpose of achieving profound understanding of subject content. Academic course subject content analysis is conducted to determine learning difficulties through investigating initial point of student cognition. Methods are then designed for bypassing study challenges from multiple levels and angles.
First-year Australian dental studentsâ€™ reasons for career choice: a threeyear perspective
Authors: Govender Urvashnee , Bhayat Ahmed
Published: August 2018

The objective was to determine whether Australian dental students had different reasons for choosing dentistry over a three-year period.
Movement and teaching-motor activities in children with ADHD
Authors: Sgambelluri Rosa
Published: August 2018

ADHD is a neurobiological disorder characterized by inattention, impulsivity and motor hyperactivity. Generally, a child with ADHD, itâ€™s always not meta-cognitive, inattentive to the procedure implementation to resolve any problem, and it is not sufficiently strategic. Physical activity is for the person with ADHD, the celebration of what it does and what it can be, allowing in this way, a natural inclusion of training skills, knowledge and personal resources.
The Evidence Theory and Methodology of Axiological Completions in the Context of Philological Training
Authors: Botezatu Liuba
Published: August 2018

The first step of evidencing the axiological completions occurs, in our int erpretation, at the level of â€™â€™Retroaction in the context of linguistic and literary educationâ€™â€™ as right as a modern teaching technology in the cu rricular pre-university system. The second stage (bachelor-master), of completing evidence, in perfect ascension (of the same interpretation L.B.) occurs at co-reporting level: Principle of Global Axiology - Methodology of Evidencing the Axiological Completions â€“engagement on a new level of becoming: training the philologist teacher.â€™â€™Happiness lies in to know yourselfâ€™â€™: the stylistic matrix of the biased nation, the mother language â€“ the language of raw ascensions into the great spirituality; the own possibilities of opening â€“ manifestation of self-realization in the universal circuit. Or, this is the primary purpose of participating approaches / engagements in professional plan: training / forming the philologist â€“ philological genetic (bilingual â€“ multi-lingual), philological centrist by vocation.The joints of the Evidence Methodology of Axiological Completions / MECA in this structural-phenomenal context are, on the one hand, those relating to translation into life of the possibilities / requirements listed, taking preponderance here: the possibility of returning to essence â€“ the ability of ascension through spirituality - the possibility of highlighting the axiological completions, on the other hand - those related to the focus on diversification - information - unification, on the establishment of syntactical highlight of the pertinent datum.
Qualitative and Quantitative Debates in Contemporary Educational Research
Authors: Jibirin Salihu Muftahu
Published: August 2018

This research paper will begin with philosophically exploring the saying â€œThe Researcher You Are Is The Person You Areâ€. This provide an insight on the views and the perspectives of the researcher on the research as a subject. Subsequently, the other contents of the paper are divided into two major sections. The first section discusses the Qualitative and Quantitative philosophical and theoretical debates in contemporary educational research; Qualitative and Quantitative approaches in educational research; Objectivity and Subjectivity in educational research; Links between Data Collection and Data Analysis in educational research. The second part of the paper discussed the action research in education and the reflection of the person you are is the researcher you are in educational research settings. Finally, the paper conclude that there is no single formula when it comes to conducting research in education, each and every researcher regardless of his or her area of study would always be conducting research based on what he or she thinks and deems is the best research paradigm and method to adopt. However, there are some confident guiding principles that their application guarantee effectiveness to a certain degree in educational research.
The Factors that Influence the Acquisition of English Language by Yemeni KG2 Students
Authors: Muftah Muneera Yahya Ali
Published: August 2018

This study will investigate the internal as well as the external factors that influence the acquisition of English language by Yemeni kindergartens (KG2) students. To achieve its objectives, some different activities have been used to find out new styles to teach English language to the children at the age of 4-6 years old at three different kindergartens instruction phases. Findings show that Age and Motivation are the most important factors that affect the learning of a second languageÂ  in spite of the fact that there are some other important factors, either internal or external, that affect the learning process.
Calculating the Productivity and Efficiency of an Educational Product: Transposition of Mario Godardâ€™s Method
Authors: Beaulieu Judith , Godard Mario , Bowen FranÃ§ois
Published: August 2018

The Office of the educational materialâ€™s approval is responsible for approving educational material. The approval process does not include use of the material by students. The productivity of educational products is unknown. The goal of this article is to find a way to calculate the productivity and efficiency of an educational product, to improve it in order to provide a truly effective tool. To do this, we were inspired by the book written by Professor Mario Godard (2010). We will propose ways to measure the productivity and efficiency of an educational product. Finally, we will discuss the difficulties caused by this calculation. RÃ‰SUMÃ‰. Le Bureau dâ€™approbation du matÃ©riel didactique a pour tÃ¢che dâ€™approuver le matÃ©riel didactique. Cette Ã©valuation ne comprend pas une utilisation par les Ã©lÃ¨ves. La productivitÃ© et lâ€™efficience du processus de conception dâ€™un produit pÃ©dagogique et lâ€™impact de lâ€™utilisation de ce produit sur la productivitÃ© du processus dâ€™utilisation sont inconnus. Ce texte a pour objectif de trouver une faÃ§on de calculer la productivitÃ© et lâ€™efficience du processus de conception dâ€™un produit et lâ€™impact de lâ€™utilisation dâ€™un produit pÃ©dagogique sur la productivitÃ© du processus de formation. Pour ce faire, nous nous sommes inspirÃ©s du livre du professeur Mario Godard (2010).
THE EXPLOITATION OF COMMUNICATION BASED TECHNOLOGY IN TERMS OF ASSISTING THE STUDENTS OF THE HELLENIC OPEN UNIVERSITY TOWARDS THE DEVELOPMENT OF THEIR WRITTEN ASSIGNMENTS
Authors: KOUKOUSOURI VASILIKI , KARAOULANIS ANDREAS
Published: August 2018

Abstract The purpose of this research is to investigate the views of the postgraduate students of the Hellenic Open University during the 2016-17 academic year on the possibilities of using internet based platforms and computer technology in general for the preparation of their written work in such a distance learning degree. Our sample was students 24 women and 6 men. All students in the same degree in the above mentioned academic year. Students were asked to complete a written questionnaire that was posted on the internet, while they were ensured for their anonymity. Data analysis was done by following a quantitative approach via the usage of the SPSS24 statistical software. The most important findings of the research were that of all forms of internet and computer based technology that was used in order to assist students during their studies, the forum, the emails and the usage of phone conversations with students and lectures were the ones that were mostly related with their written assignments. In terms of their educational needs in general, they were covered by email, forums, telephone communication and they also chose to videoconferencing. Generally speaking, they have shown that internet and computer technology are essential in distance learning education. Finally, students wanted to improve their communication with their lectures, would like to increase their telephone communication with them and to give answers to their questions via the forum usage.

Keywords: Internet, communication, e-mail, forum, distance education, Hellenic Open University, telephone
The impact of Eid al-Adha (feast of the sacrifice) sales on the income of cattle fattening enterprises
Authors: TUNCEL Seyfettin
Published: August 2018

The objective of this project is to identify the impacts of the 120 cattle fattening enterprises operating in Ankara by the years 2010, 2011 and 2012 on the total revenue of the sales made during the period of the Eid al-Adha. The survey findings conducted on the cattle fattening enterprises operating in the 13 districts and various villages affiliated with these districts and the data derived from the survey constitute the material of the research. While for the years 2010, 2011 and 2012, the average carcass cutting price is 17.35 Turkish liras, 15.06 Turkish liras, 14.15 Turkish liras, the average carcass price in the retail sales during the Feast of Sacrifice is successively 23.07 Turkish liras; 20.02 Turkish liras; 18.44 Turkish liras; For the years 2010, 2011, and 2012 the amount of production is 2,934,293 (Kilogram) kg, 2,873,617 kg and 2,851,751 kg. Within the survey, the total revenue is successively 58,292,868 Turkish liras; 49,653,823 Turkish liras and 45,770,314 Turkish liras in the cattle fattening enterprises by the years 2010, 2011 and 2012. Of the said revenue, 50.8% (29,535,136 Turkish liras) comes from the revenue of the Eid al-Adha in 2010, 51.9% (25,740,034 Turkish liras) in 2011, and 50.9% (23,288,724 Turkish liras) in 2012
Morphological variability for qualitative and quantitative traits in finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn)
Authors: Malambane Goitseone , Jaisil P
Published: August 2018

Information on genetic variation is very important for finger millet breeding program. The objective of this study was to evaluate the extent of genetic variation in finger millet accessions. Eighty two accessions were evaluated in the dry season 2010/11 and the rainy season 2011 at Khon Kaen University, Thailand, and also evaluated in Botswana College of Agriculture in Botswana in rainy season in 2013. The results of combined analysis of variance for mean data of traits studied revealed highly significant variation for most of the traits studied. High variations were observed for yield per plant with a range of 15 g-144 g per plant while low variations were observed for fingers per panicle with a range of 5-11 fingers per panicle. Qualitative traits like seed colors showed high variation with six different colors observed during the study 2,2,4, 49, 8 and 17 accessions had white, light brown, brown, ragi brown, red and purple seed colors, respectively. A dendrogram constructed using the qualitative traits revealed high variation, separated the wild accessions (IE 4709) from the cultivated accessions, then grouped the cultivated accessions into 5 main groups at 86% similarity level. Genetic variation evaluation based on morphological characters has proved to be very informative and can also be manipulated into selecting superior accessions to be utilized as parents for a breeding program.
Bed behavioral assessment of tomato varieties in Cote d Ivoire
Authors: N'ZI Jean-Claude , FONDIO Lassina , N’GBESSO Mako Francois De Paul , DJIDJI Andé Hortense , KOUAME Christophe
Published: August 2018

Thirty accessions of tomato including twenty eight introduced accessions from The World Vegetable Center-AVRDC and as controls, two commercial varieties Mongal and Calinago, were assessed for agronomic performances at the Experimentation and Production Station of Angud dou of the National Agronomic Research Centre (CNRA) located in the South of Cote d Ivoire. The trial was arranged in a randomized block with three replications. The following parameters were determined at vegetative development stage: plant height at flowering stage, susceptibility of accessions to diseases, day to 50% flowering and day of first harvest, production duration, fruit length, fruit diameter, total number of fruits, number of fruits per plant, potential yield, net yield and fruit damage rate. Results showed that the commercial variety Mongal, with a potential yield of 15.9 and a net yield of 13.1 t ha-1, was the most productive. All the introduced accessions from AVRDC recorded the lowest potential yields from 2.2 to 9.7 t ha-1, and net yields from 1.7 to 8.6 t ha-1. In addition, accessions WVCT8, FMTT847 and WVCT13 were severely infested by bacterial wilt. The reduction of the net yield of tomato accessions resulted in the high fruit damage rates. For the future tomato breeding work, it would be appropriate to introduce into the trials bacterial diseases tolerant varieties. Moreover, some studies could be undertaken to determine the nature of the bacteria involved in the plant wilting and to find out the causal agent of the tomato plants burning at the fructification stage reducing the harvest duration.
Effect of Application of Sole Organic, Inorganic Fertilizers and their Combinations on the Growth and Biological Yield of Fluted Pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis)
Authors: Oyekale Kehinde oluwaseun
Published: August 2018

The effect of application of sole organic, inorganic fertilizers and their combinations was investigated on the growth and biological yield of Fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis) at the Teaching and Research Farm, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo, Ogun state, Nigeria. Ten treatments were involved namely: No fertilizer (control), 100kgN/ha as Sulphate of Ammonia, SA (21%N), 100kgN/ha as Composted Maize Cob, CMC (0.97%N), 100kgN/ha as Composted Saw Dust, CSD (1.01%N), 50:50 CMC/SA combination, 50:50 CSD/SA combination, 50:50 CMC/CSD combination, 75:25 CMC/SA combination, 75:25 CSD/SA combination, 75:25 CMC/CSD combination, the treatments were replicated four times using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Seedling emergence, Leaf area, Leaf number, Plant height and dry matter weight of the crops were assessed. On the Plant height and Leaf number, application of 75:25 CMC/SA combination resulted in taller plants and more leafiness at 3 WAP compared to 75:25 CMC/CSD combination. The application of 100kgN/ha as sole Sulphate of Ammonia, gave the least leaf number and the shortest plant at 4WAP. The sole application of any of the organic fertilizers 100kgN/ha has proven to be superior in terms of (vegetative yield) of Telfairia occidentalis (ugu-elu) than its combination of each of the organic fertilizer with sulphate of ammonia.Keywords: Organic fertilizer, Inorganic fertilizer, Fluted pumpkin, Yield.
NUTRITIONAL POTENTIAL OF CASSAVA PEELS ENSILED WITH MORINGA, GLIRICIDIA AND LEUCAENA LEAVES
Authors: Pius Amoka
Published: August 2018

The experiment was conducted to assess the proximate composition, mineral content, gross energy and antinutrients of cassava peels ensiled with Moringa, Gliricidia and Leucaena leaves. The crude protein for cassava peels ensiled with Moringaoleifera (CMO) was 20.32g100g-1, cassava peels ensiled with Leucaenaleucocepphala(CLL) was 23.17g100g-1 and cassava peels ensiled with Gliricidiasepium (CGS) was 22.23g100g-1.Â  Ether extract values were 4.02g100g-1, 3.56g100g-1 and 3.20g100g-1 for CMO,CLL and CGS respectively. Ash content for cassava peels ensiled with Moringa, Leucaena and Gliricidiawere 4.26g100g-1, 3.80g100g-1 and 4.20g100g-1 respectively. The crude fibre ranged from 12.03g100g-1 in CLL to 12.56g100g-1 in CGS. In cassava peels ensiled with Moringa, Leucaena and Gliricidia leaves Na, K, Ca, Zn were the most abundant minerals in all the treatments.The tannin content varied from 0.20g100g-1 in CMO to 0.45g100g-1 in CGS. The phytic acid ranged from 10.12g100g-1 in CMO to 14.76g100g-1 in CGS. The phytic-phosphorus ranged from 2.85g100g-1 in CMO to 4.16gg100g-1 in CGS. The oxalate contents were 2.85g100g-1, 3.52g100g-1 and 4.16g100g-1 in CMO, CLL and CGS respectively. It is evident that cassava peels ensiled with Moringa, Leucaena and Gliricidia have great potentials for livestock animals and could be utilized as a source of supplementary feed for ruminant animals.
Landfill leachates as an abiotic disease factor affecting solanaceous crops and olive trees
Authors: Sawalha Hazem Diab Aref , Ma'ali Rasha , Hussein Anan
Published: August 2018

Different landfills in Jenin district were selected in this research, and are considered the main garbage destination for the north part of the West bank. Due to their expected drastic effect on agriculture, the experiment was carried out to study the impact of such landfills on nearby olive orchards. The results showed that the landfills since their establishment caused drastic reduction of olive production from an average of 1500 kg/hectare in 2005 to 560 kg/hectare in 2009. Furthermore, olive production in the studied area stopped absolutely in 2011 due to complete olive orchard failure. On the other hand, the effect of landfills was studied on vegetables under lab conditions. Therefore, different dilutions of the landfill leachate were used to irrigate tomato and pepper plants. The results showed that leachate caused plant stunting and reduction in leaf surface area when compared with control regardless of dilution used, but more pronounced in dilution zero. On the other hand, chlorophyll concentration was more in plant treated with zero dilution of leachate when compared with other treatments. Number of dropped leaves was more in plant treated with zero dilution of leachate when compared with other dilutions and control. The plants treated with zero dilution died before others treatments. Conclusion: leachate may have a drastic effect on nearby cultivated plant and could affect plant growth and lead to premature plant death.
SUGAR BEET YIELD AND QUALITY AS AFFACTED BY WATER REGIME BEFOR HARVEST, DENSITY AND SOME CULTIVARS IN NEW RECLAIMED SOILS.
Authors: Ragab A. Y , H.Rashed Sahar
Published: August 2018

Field experimental was carried out at Kalabsho - El-Dakhlia Governorate, Egypt, Â in 2013/14 and 2014/2015 winter growing seasons.Â  To study effect of last regime irrigation before harvest by 15 and 30 days and spacing hills 15, 20 and 25 cm between plants in addition to three cultivars (Sultan, Farida and Samba) on sugar beet yield and quality under reclaimed soils in Kalabsho location. Split-Split plot design were used in both season. Main plots allocated with regime irrigation befor harvest, sub-plots were take with hill spacing between plants whearas, cultivars were arranged in sub-sub plots. Main results were obtained can summarized as folllow: Wih decreasing the gap between last irrigation and harvest to 15 days caused to gave significant increase in value of top fresh weight and root yields, this was true in both seasons (0.361and 0.283 kg/plant) and (25.59 and 26.00 ton/fed.) respectivety. On the other direction,with increasing the gab between last irrigation and harvest untill 30 days resulting in significant differences among mean values of root fresh weight kg/plant,sugar yield ton/fed.,sucrose %,total soluble solids and purity percentages in both seasons. These trends due to,with elonation the period before harvest with out water supply reduced water content in roots through 30 days compared to 15 days befor harvest which was notenough to exhibited any enjourity to plants, or decreasing in water root content. Planting sugar beet seeds at 20 cm. between hills progressive than other distance (15 and 25 cm.) for most important characters,root,top fresh weight, sucrose and purity %. On the other hand space 15 cm. between hills gave the highest values of top fresh weight,root yield, sugar yield and sucrose % in the first season.Â  Cultivar,Farida gave the highest values of root fresh weight,root yields,sugar yields,sucroseÂ  % and T.ss % in the first season and purity in the second season. Significant interaction effects were found between main three factors under study illustrated that spacing hill 20 cm. between plants,preventation irrigation befor harvest by 30 days with used Farida cultivare gave the highest values for most important characters under study.
Unique Localization of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Non-Structural NS4B Protein in Infected Cells
Authors: Suda Yuto , Yamane Daisuke , Atif Zahoor Muhammad , Mohamed Yassir Mahgoub , Murakami Shin , Kato Kentaro , Horimoto Taisuke , Akashi Hiroomi
Published: August 2018

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), an important pathogen infecting ruminants, has 2 biotypes: cytopathic (cp) and noncytopathic (ncp), which are related to the onset of disease. The viral replication complex is composed of viral non-structural (NS) proteins, raising the possibility that NS protein(s) play a role in viral biotypes. To gain insight into this possible role, we analysed the intracellular localization of each NS protein in both cp and ncp virus-infected cells, and found that NS4B protein, a possible anchor protein of the viral replication complex, showed a unique dotted localization pattern that markedly merged with an endoplasmic reticulum marker, unlike other NS proteins, although there was no difference in the localization of NS4B protein between the 2 biotypes.Â
Drought stress and osmo-priming effects on physiological and biochemical characteristics of Ocimum basilicum
Authors: Nassiry Bahram Majd , Mohammadi Neda
Published: August 2018

Â  Â Â One of the effects of reducing water content on soil is reduction of growth and development of seedlings and variation of field development. Seed priming technique has been known as a challenge to improve germination and seedling emergence under different environmental stresses. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the effects of osmo-priming on germination characteristics and changes of proline, protein and catalase activity of Ocimum basilicum seeds. Results showed that drought stress reduced the germination characteristics and drought stress in -8 bar was the critical stress.Â  Priming treatments were include KNO3, PEG and NaCl by 0, -4 and -8 bar concentrations. The seeds were primed with those materials for 8 and 16 hours. The highest germination characteristics were obtained from nitrate potassium in -8 bar for 16 hours priming. Therefore the best seed treatment under drought stress during germination was obtained from the osmo-primed with -8 bar nitrate potassium for 16 hours. The drought stress increased proline and catalase activity but reduced total protein. Priming treatment increases proline, total protein and catalase activity under drought and control conditions. It is concluded that priming results in improvement in germination components of Ocimum basilicum in drought stress conditions and increases the resistance to drought stress with improvement of proline, protein and catalase activity in germination phase.
VARIETAL RESPONSE OF BAMBARA GROUNDNUT (VIGNA SUBTERRANEA) TO MULCHING AND AMF INOCULATION IN CENTRAL NIGERIA
Authors: N.C Odoh , Idibia P.O. , Ncho O.C,
Published: August 2018

A trial was carried out in pots at the University of Abuja, Teaching and Research Farm (TRF) to evaluate the response of Bambara groundnut varieties (TVSu 460, TVSu 617, TVSU 622) to mulch and mycorrhizal inoculation. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculum (Glomus mosseae) and leguminous mulch (Calopogonium mucunoides Desv) were respectively applied at 10 g and 100 g per pot, 2 weeks after planting. The experiment was laid out in a factorial combination in a completely randomized design with 3 replications. Plant biomass and nodulation were assessed at harvest and subjected to analysis of variance using statistical package Genstat Discovery Edition. The study revealed that combined application of mulch and G. mosseae increased the fresh root weight for all varieties ranging from 10.3 - 62.5 %. G. mosseae inoculation significantly increased the nodulation and root weight of TVSu 617 and TVSu 622 but TVSu 460 was not favored by inoculation. The enhanced shoot and root weight recorded under mulch and mycorrhizae treatments on Bambara groundnut varieties particularly could be as a result of an improved soil environment occasioned by these treatments.
STUDY OF TIMBER MARKET OF MALAYSIA AND ITS IMPACT ON THE ECONOMY AND EMPLOYMENT
Authors: Umachandran Dr. Krishnan , Sawicka Barbara
Published: August 2018

This article presents the state of the global wood markets, which shows the evolution of forest resources and margins on the timber market over time. The underlying case has been discussed and discussed. Alternative scenarios are presented that allow one to consider some important questions about the behavior of the wood market and the future supply of industrial wood. (1) What happens along the northern and tropical margin? (2) What is the role of wood plantations? and (3) How should management change in the Malaysian market change? The baseline situation suggests that both prices and crop communities are growing in 150 years, with the largest harvest coming from existing and emerging plantations. Future harvest returns will result mainly from intensified management, through additional plantation and higher levels of management in selected forests rather than higher yields in inaccessible forests. Prices and harvest are most sensitive to alternative needs (paper, firewood) and scenarios for creating new plantations and less vulnerable to the costs of access to remote forests.
AZOSPIRILLUM STRAINS AS BIOFERTILIZERS AND BIOCONTROL AGENTS -A PRACTICAL REVIEW
Authors: Fendrihan Sergiu , Constantinescu Florica , Sicuia Oana , Dinu Sorina
Published: August 2018

Azospirillum biofertilizers have a history going back to the beginning of the XXth However, researches still have to find new and competitive strains and improve biofertilizers production and application techniques. They are one of te most used biofertilizers in organic farming. The present paper review and analyses the development of the new agriculture using such microorganism, and showing not only the biofertilization effect but some biocontrol properties of the presented strains. The products containing Azospirillum strains and their use begin to play an important role in modern agriculture and in special in some countries in course of development as an alternative to chemical expensive and some time not environmental friendly products. Countries from Asia, South America, use it in huge quantities. In developed area of the lobe, there are only some tiny initiative, mainly because the multinational companies, and because of the legislation in use.
Comparison Of Empirical Models For Estimating The Mineralization Potential Of Soil Nitrogen
Authors: Bensid Zoubeir
Published: August 2018

Modeling is an attempt to describe a natural event mathematically.  The modeling of N mineralization process has a dual interest, agronomical and ecological.  The objective of this study is to evaluate several mathematical models to describe the nitrogen mineralization process of soil samples. These samples were collected from 34 sites spatially distributed in the semi-arid region of El-Madher (the Aures area, north-east of Algeria). Using an auger, the systematic surveys have been carried out and composite samples of soils were collected in the field, and subjected to physical and chemical analyzes. In order to track the kinetic organic nitrogen mineralization, similar samples were collected and taken into cool boxes have been incubated in laboratory, sieved (2 mm) and stored at 4°C before use and then incubated at 28°C for 56 weeks. To facilate comparison, all results have been statistically analyzed, by nonlinear regression and analysis of variance method. Four empirical models were tested to fitt the value found experimentally. The linear kinetics model Nm=k t Ni, the single first-order kinetics model (MI) Nm = Ni e-kt + No (1 - e-kt), the double first-order and the exponential kinetics model (MII) Nm=Ni e-kt + No (1 - e-kt) + e-ht and the hyperbolic kinetics model (MH) Nm=NoH.t/(Tc+t) Ni were used to simulate the cumulative mineralized N (NH4+-N and NO3- -N) in the laboratory incubation. In order to test the performance and robustness of the different models three goodness of fit (coefficient of determination R2, Root Mean Square RMS and Mean Relative Error RMSE) were used. Moreover, the parameters obtained by the different models determined the predictions of nitrogen mineralization. The best results were obtained using the double first-order and exponential kinetics model. The results showed no significant difference between nitrogen mineralized for 56 weeks and nitrogen predicted by various models. However, the N predicted by the MII appears to be the best compared to other models. Indeed, the overestimation of nitrogen potentially mineralizable (N0) obtained by this model was relatively lower than other models. This has been confirmed by the study of multiple correlations between net mineral nitrogen and nitrogen predicted by each model. Thus, the results obtained showed a strong positive correlation between mineralized nitrogen values and those of nitrogen predicted by the different models. The correlation coefficients values indicate the folowing order MII (r = 0.878)> MI (r = 0.748)> MH (r = 0.709). The MII model has, therefore, highlighted that two pools of organic matter that mineralize simultaneously were detected in soil. One pool is stable and the other one is labile. One pool evolves with first-order kinetics and the other with exponential kinetics.
Corn (Zea mays L.) Response to Hybrid, Row Spacing, and Plant Populations in the Blacklands of Central Texas
Authors: Grichar James
Published: August 2018

Field studies were conducted during the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons in central Texas near Taylor (30.5326o N; 97.4548o W) to determine the effect of hybrid, row spacing, and plant populations on corn growth and yield.  Two corn hybrids (BH 8844 and BH 8900) were compared at 53,000, 62,000, and 71,000 plants ha-1 planted one row on a single bed or twin rows (spaced approximately 20 cm apart) on a single bed. Plant counts were taken 4 to 6 wk after planting while ear height measurements were taken approximately four wk prior to corn harvest. Crop yield was determined by harvesting all eight rows of each plot with a combine. Weights were adjusted to 12% moisture. Experimental design was a factorial arrangement using a randomized complete block design with corn hybrid (2), row spacing (2), and seeding rates (3) as factors.  Data were analyzed using PROC GLM with SAS (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC) and treatment means separated by Fisher's protected least significant difference test at P = 0.05.  Plant height was not affected by plant populations or row spacing as only hybrid response was significant with BH 8900 being taller in both years. Row spacing affected ear height in one of two years with the twin row spacing having a taller ear placement in the dryer year. No differences were seen with ear placement with respect to plant populations. In the dry year, yield of BH 8844 decreased as plant populations increased; however, no differences were noted with BH 8900.  In the wet year, the inverse was seen with increased yield with higher populations with both hybrids. The twin row system increased BH 8900 yield in 2013. In 2014, with BH 8844, the single row system outyielded twin row and no differences noted with BH 8900.  The results were quite variable and this was due in part to rainfall events in the two years.  Plant and ear height was influenced by hybrid while yield response was somewhat affected by population and row spacing.  A hybrid x row width response was noted indicating that certain hybrids will respond to row spacing more than others.
Modification of Topsoil Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Macroinvertebrates Structure Consecutive to the Conversion of Secondary Forests into Rubber Plantations in Grand-Lahou, Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Kouadio Julien N'dri , N’Guessan Kévin Kouadio
Published: August 2018

The objective of this investigation was to assess the modifications of topsoil physico-chemical characteristics and macroinvertebrates structure consecutive to the conversion of secondary forests into rubber plantations and how these change with the aging of the plantations and the season. The sampling design was constituted of four treatments: secondary forest referred to as baseline land use, 7-, 12- and 25 year old rubber plantations. Three replications per land use type were randomly established in each of the selected treatments, thus totaling 12 sampling areas. On each sampling area, a 40 m transect was established. The litter dwelling and topsoil (0-10 cm) macroinvertebrates were sampled, respectively, by using the pitfall traps and monoliths (50 cm × 50 cm × 10 cm) following the Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility method. The soil physical and chemical parameters were measured along the 40 m transect. The results showed that the conversion of secondary forest into plantations was characterized by a modification of the density of soil macroinvertebrates (dry season: -50 and -24% vs. rainy season: -61 and +32%), taxonomic richness of soil macroinvertebrates (dry season: +7 and -14% vs. rainy season: -21 and -14%), water content (dry season: -41 and -5% vs. rainy season: -62 and -31%), bulk density (dry season: +6 and -3% vs. rainy season: +33 and +29%), soil organic carbon (dry season: -73 and -59% vs. rainy season: -67 and -51%) and total nitrogen (dry season: -68 and -58% vs. rainy season: -64 and -52%), respectively, after about 7 and 25 years of conversion. The restoration processes did not cause significant changes in the soil physico-chemical and biological characteristics after 25 years of forests conversion. However, the study highlighted the improvement in the soil ecological quality due to a reduction in soil degradation, and an increase in the density of macroinvertebrates (+235%), taxono mic richness (+9%), water content (+84%), soil organic carbon (+50%) and total nitrogen (+33%) in the 25 year old plantations compared to the 7 year old plantations.
Nutritional Features of Biryani as The Basis for The Formation of An Entrepreneurial Mode in Biryani Market
Authors: Umachandran Dr. Krishnan , Sawicka Barbara , Nasir Noori Abdul-Nabi , Pasqualone Antonella
Published: August 2018

Biryani is a traditional spice-flavored rice-based delicacy containing meat and vegetables. In this paper, the preparation of Biryani, its composition, nutritional value and entrepreneurial possibilities are discussed. The nutritional value per 100 g of product of different types of Biryani is given. A diagram of the cooking procedure of this dish is presented. The Biryani market is compared with the fast food market. Attention is also paid to the most important economic factors that influence the consumer's decision when buying food. These are: per capita income, price of the food relative to other products, as well as changes in the size and structure of the population. An additional advantage over the competition is outside the links between the restaurants and customers, business partners and suppliers. The purchase of this dish is most often associated with the processes of interacting with customers, with consumer safety, shaping their expectations, market information and customer behavior. This research suggests how establishing a modern Biryani market. Experimenting new variants of this dish and taking advantage of innovative digital solutions could be a strategy for promoting entrepreneurial development and even reducing youth unemployment.