bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multilingual access: Language hegemony and the need for discoverability in multiple languages
Authors: McElroy Kelly , Bridges Laurie M.
Published: December 2018

It is widely accepted that English is the current lingua franca, especially in the scientific community. With approximately 527 million native speakers globally, English ranks as the third most-spoken language (after Chinese and Hindu-Urdu), but there are also an estimated 1.5 billion English-language learners in the world.The preeminence of English reflects the political power of the English-speaking world, carrying privileges for those who can speak, write, and read in English, and disadvantages to those who cannot. This is also the case in scholarly communication. Linguist Nicholas Subtirelu identifies three privileges for native English speakers: 1) easier access to social, political, and educational institutions; 2) access to additional forms of capital; and 3) avoiding negative opinions of one’s speech.For example, we were both born into families that speak American English at home, we were surrounded by English books and media growing up, and our entire education was in English. Even defining who counts as a “native” speaker can be refracted through other social identities. As college-educated white Americans, our English is never questioned, but the same is not true for many equally fluent people around the world.
Grants and Acquisitions
Authors: Galloway Ann-Christe
Published: December 2018

Penn State University LibrariesCouncil on Library and Information ResourcesIndiana University LibrariesSoviet art magazine Tvorchestvo
Fast Facts
Authors: Pattillo Gary
Published: December 2018

College students and news sourcesHigher education degreesNorway archiveWorldCatYouTube Learning
Reseña de: José Manuel Iglesias Gil — Alicia Ruiz-Gutiérrez (eds.), Monumenta et memoria. Estudios de epigrafía romana
Authors: González Estrada Lidia
Published: December 2018

José Manuel Iglesias Gil — Alicia Ruiz-Gutiérrez (eds.), Monumenta et memoria. Estudios de epigrafía romana, Roma, Edizioni Quasar, 2017, 387 pp., con ilustraciones y figuras [ISBN: 987-88-7140-814-9].
Reseña de: Gozalbes Cravioto, Enrique, Introducción a la historia del Marruecos antiguo (Mauretania Tingitana)
Authors: Trepat Civís Mireia
Published: December 2018

Reseña de:  Gozalbes Cravioto, Enrique, Introducción a la historia del Marruecos antiguo (Mauretania Tingitana). Granada, Torres, 2017. ISBN: 978–0–19–979208–5.
Reseña de: Hoffmeier, James K., Akhenaten and the Origins of Monotheism
Authors: Santos Saavedra Josué
Published: December 2018

Reseña de: Hoffmeier, James K., Akhenaten and the Origins of Monotheism. Oxford University Press, 2015, xvi + 293 pp., ISBN: 978–0–19–979208–5.
Reseña a The programming historian
Authors: Pilatowsky Goñi Priscila
Published: December 2018

Esta reseña hace referencia a The Programming Historian, proyecto que reúne tutoriales de programas gratuitos útiles para la investigación histórica. Describimos el proyecto, presentamos a sus autores y sus métodos de trabajo y finalizamos con los principales aportes de este sitio.
Reseña Proyecto ADSO. Análisis distante del soneto castellano de los Siglos de Oro (XVI y XVII)
Authors: Herrero María Ángeles
Published: December 2018

Frente a los estudios filológicos, en el contexto literario, en los que prima tradicionalmente la técnica close reading, ADSO es un proyecto pionero dentro de las Humanidades Digitales que se basa en la aplicación de un análisis macroanalítico y distante a un importante corpus de sonetos en lengua castellana de los Siglos de Oro (XVI y XVII), disponible en un repositorio GitHub. El uso de los métodos de la lingüística computacional permite, a su vez, visualizar los rasgos comunes más recurrentes por lo que respecta a las características semánticas y métricas de los sonetos castellanos del Renacimiento y Barroco.
A integração das disciplinas de Canto Coletivo e Piano Coletivo do curso de Música PARFOR na formação do Educador Musical
Authors:   UEM - Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Oliveira Andréia Pires Chinaglia de , Ruivo Cinthia
Published: December 2018

Este artigo relata uma experiência sobre a realização de um trabalho integrado no desenvolvimento das disciplinas de piano coletivo e canto coletivo com a terceira turma do curso de Música PARFOR (Plano Nacional de Formação de Professores) na Universidade XXX. Para o relato traremos as estratégias utilizadas nos dois últimos módulos das disciplinas, bem como as etapas galgadas pelos alunos e os resultados obtidos durante o período de aplicação das mesmas. Além disso, apresentamos as reflexões dos alunos sobre o processo de aprendizagem e suas impressões sobre a metodologia aplicada pelas professoras por meio de dados coletados através de um questionário como autoavaliação de todo o processo. Propostas como essa, podem contribuir com pesquisas e metodologias integradas entre diversas disciplinas num curso de Licenciatura contribuindo para um conhecimento menos fragmentado e mais significativo.
Bacharelado em Canto: a prática de ensino de dois professores
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Bischoff Juliana
Published: December 2018

O presente artigo é um recorte de um projeto de iniciação cientifica. Tem por finalidade a prática de ensino de dois professores do curso de música da XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX, habilitação Bacharelado em Canto Lírico. Neste texto, em específico é feita uma explanação sobre questões relacionadas ao vestibular, aluno iniciante e estrutura das aulas. Partindo das experiências e perspectiva dos professores, como eles abordam esses temas nas aulas.
Framing, Resources and Repertoire of Local Trade Union Action for Health and Safety: A Study Conducted with a Quebec Central Labour Body
Authors: Baril-Gingras Geneviève , Dubois-Ouellet Sarah Pier
Published: December 2018

Employment and working conditions having an impact on health and safety are some of the most important concerns of workers. Amongst the various means by which trade unions contribute to prevention, the contribution of Worker Safety Representatives (WSR) is well-established and the most studied, including their participation in joint occupational health and safety committees (JOHSC). However, there are surprisingly few studies examining the place of OHS as an issue of workers’ collective action. Conducted with a large Quebec Central Labour Body, this study aims to understand why and how local-level unions concentrate upon these issues, the repertoire of means that they employ and the context that supports or hindus such actions. The conceptual framework is based on previous realistic evaluations of OHS preventive interventions and includes Levesque and Murray’s (2010) trade union power resources and strategic capabilities.

In phase I, eleven semi-structured interviews were conducted with union staff members and elected representatives from different sectors, covering a wide array of activities such as unionization, training, negotiation, OHS prevention and compensation. Results also refer to five case studies (phase 2) of local-level trade unions identified by phase 1 respondents as particularly active in relation to prevention.

The process by which working conditions having a negative impact on OHS are framed (or not) as trade union issues is examined. Levers and barriers are also identified. Factors affecting the presence of resources for trade union autonomous action aimed at prevention (like the integration of WSR to the union core structure, release time for prevention, etc.) are highlighted. A widely diverse repertoire of workplace-level trade union means of action for OHS is also highlighted by the interviews and case studies, not limited just to those provided by the Quebec OHS regime. It includes the recourse to labour relations mechanisms (e.g. negotiation and strike) and is based on an autonomous agenda, including mobilization. The potential of OHS issues for union revitalization is discussed, as well as the barriers that must be overcome.
Neural Network‐Based Adaptive Finite‐Time Command‐Filter Control for Nonlinear Systems With Input Delay and Input Saturation
Authors: Kharrat Mohamed
Published: November 2024

This study focuses on addressing the challenge of adaptive finite‐time control for nonstrict‐feedback nonlinear systems subject to input delay and saturation. Neural networks (NNs) are utilized to handle unknown nonlinear functions, and Padé approximation is employed to effectively manage input delay. To mitigate the issue of “explosion of complexity,” the command filter method is applied. By leveraging command filter technology and backstepping technique, an adaptive finite‐time control scheme is developed using NN approximation. The proposed control scheme demonstrates that the closed‐loop signals achieve semi‐global practical finite‐time stable (SGPFS), ensuring that the tracking error converges within a finite time to a small region around the origin. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is validated through two simulation examples.
Soft Phononic Crystal with Tunable Bandgap Through Pneumatic Actuation
Authors: Yi Cheng , Liu Xiaohua , Xiao Can , Liu Jian , Chen Ning
Published: November 2024

Pneumatic manipulation has the advantages of low cost, lightweight design, fast response, and ease of integration. However, its application in the field of phononic crystals remains limited. Inspired by pneumatic soft robots, this article proposes a pneumatic soft phononic crystal arranged in a square lattice, incorporating four pneumatic actuators within the scatterer. By manipulating air pressure, the bandgap can be effectively opened and closed. The finite element analysis is employed to examine the deformation and bandgaps of the pneumatic soft phononic crystal under varying air pressures. Moreover, the effect of the scatterer's rotation angle on the bandgap evolution in the phononic crystal is parametrically investigated. The results show that varying both the volume and the rotation angle of the scatterer can achieve bandgap opening, closing, and tuning. The proposed phononic crystal presents obvious practical applications and provides important insights for the design of soft‐tunable acoustic devices.
2D Memory Enabled by Electrical Stimulation‐Induced Defect Engineering for Complicated Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Cheng Jie , Zhang Pan , Ouyang Xinyu , Tang Weijia , Song Bing , Zhang Youwei , Zheng Yu , Pan Anlian
Published: November 2024

Defect engineering is extensively utilized in 2D memory devices due to its effectiveness in enhancing charge‐trapping ability. However, conventional defect modulation techniques usually introduce only single types of carrier traps and cannot reconfigure trap types and densities after device fabrication. Here, for the first time, electrical stimulation‐driven long‐range migration of Cu ions within CuInP2S6 (CIPS) films is demonstrated to simultaneously introduce both electron and hole traps and enable reconfigurable modulation of interfacial defect trapping. This process is referred to as “electrical stimulation‐induced defect engineering”. By integrating these defect traps and the dual‐gate coupling effect, the memory window‐to‐scan range (MW/S.R) ratio, which reflects the device's charge trapping ability, doubled and peaked at 78.1% at Vbg = ± 80 V. Additionally, the dual‐gate memory device based on the graphene/CIPS/h‐BN/WSe2 heterostructure exhibits a maximum on/off ratio reaching 107 for multi‐level storage states, integrating neuromorphic computing and logic operations within a single platform. With 81 storage states and paired‐pulse facilitation (PPF), it achieves ≈90% accuracy in reservoir computing (RC) simulations. These results highlight the potential of electrical stimulation‐induced defect engineering for next‐generation electronics.
Self‐Assembled Eutectogel with Cell Permeation and Multiple Anti‐Inflammatory Abilities for Treating Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Cheng Ziying , Kang Mengyan , Peng Xu , Ren Li , Xie Jing , Yuan Quan , Xu Xinyuan , Li Jianshu
Published: November 2024

Eutectogels represent an attractive option for various industrial applications that use deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as effective liquid active ingredients and offer remarkable stability, cost‐effectiveness, and environmental friendliness. However, the biological applications of these compounds are limited. DESs are highly structurally tunable and exhibit remarkable biofunctionality and biocompatibility, conferring substantial benefits in the treatment of diseases. In this study, choline‐chloride and mannose are used to fabricate ChCl/M DES, followed by introduction of lysozyme fibers and gallic acid for self‐assembly into injectable eutectogels through hydrogen bonding and hydrophilic/hydrophobic interaction interactions. The eutectogels demonstrate almost 100% bactericidal activities against three strains and significant immune‐regulation. This is supported by a decrease in the proportion of CD86‐expressing cells from 64.02% to 18.17% and an increase in CD206‐expressing cells from 2.53% to 29.96% through flow cytometry experiments. The eutectogels effectively inhibit alveolar bone loss and alleviated local inflammation in a rat model of chronic periodontitis owing to the promotion of gallic acid in the cell membrane by the ChCl/M DES. Hence, self‐assembled eutectogels exhibit the potential to enhance the efficacy if treatments/therapies against inflammatory diseases by facilitating bacterial control, reactive oxygen species scavenging, and the regulation of macrophages by promoting cell permeation of small‐molecule drugs.
A Review of Job Assignments and Asbestos Workplace Exposure Measurements for TAWP Mesothelioma Deaths Through 2011
Authors: Willis Valerie J. , Levin Jeffrey L. , Nessim Dalia E.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Asbestos workers have a higher risk of developing mesothelioma; however, few studies have looked at specific jobs and job locations within asbestos factories. The purpose of this study was to investigate asbestos exposure in different job locations of the Tyler, Texas asbestos plant to determine if there was a relationship between the duration of exposure and air fiber concentration burden in workers who developed pleural versus peritoneal mesothelioma.

Methods

This study used a patient information database to compile secondary data on 23 workers who died from mesothelioma through 2011. The airborne fiber exposure burdens for each of the 23 workers were estimated and then stratified by job location category and by type of mesothelioma for analysis.

Results

Most of the worker cases were assigned to the forming area which had the overall highest fiber concentration of all the plant's job locations. Workers who developed pleural mesothelioma spent the most time in the packing and miscellaneous locations, whereas workers who developed peritoneal mesothelioma worked mostly in the forming and miscellaneous locations. There were significant differences in days worked and estimated airborne exposure fiber burden between the pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma cases in the forming and curing locations.

Conclusion

Results from this study reiterate the association between occupational asbestos exposure and mesothelioma, emphasizing the importance of concentration of respirable asbestos dust levels and duration of exposure.
Plasma p‐tau181 and GFAP reflect 7T MR‐derived changes in Alzheimer's disease: A longitudinal study of structural and functional MRI and MRS
Authors: Göschel Laura , Dell'Orco Andrea , Fillmer Ariane , Aydin Semiha , Ittermann Bernd , Riemann Layla , Lehmann Sylvain , Cano Stefan , Melin Jeanette , Pendrill Leslie , Hoede Patty L. , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Schwarz Claudia , Grittner Ulrike , Körtvélyessy Péter , Flöel Agnes
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Associations between longitudinal changes of plasma biomarkers and cerebral magnetic resonance (MR)‐derived measurements in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain unclear.

METHODS

In a study population (n = 127) of healthy older adults and patients within the AD continuum, we examined associations between longitudinal plasma amyloid beta 42/40 ratio, tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (p‐tau181), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament light chain (NfL), and 7T structural and functional MR imaging and spectroscopy using linear mixed models.

RESULTS

Increases in both p‐tau181 and GFAP showed the strongest associations to 7T MR‐derived measurements, particularly with decreasing parietal cortical thickness, decreasing connectivity of the salience network, and increasing neuroinflammation as determined by MR spectroscopy (MRS) myo‐inositol.

DISCUSSION

Both plasma p‐tau181 and GFAP appear to reflect disease progression, as indicated by 7T MR‐derived brain changes which are not limited to areas known to be affected by tau pathology and neuroinflammation measured by MRS myo‐inositol, respectively.

Highlights

This study leverages high‐resolution 7T magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and MR spectroscopy (MRS) for Alzheimer's disease (AD) plasma biomarker insights.

Tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (p‐tau181) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) showed the largest changes over time, particularly in the AD group.

p‐tau181 and GFAP are robust in reflecting 7T MR‐based changes in AD.

The strongest associations were for frontal/parietal MR changes and MRS neuroinflammation.
Counseling and disclosure practices in predictive Alzheimer's disease diagnostics: A scoping review
Authors: Perry Julia , Radenbach Katrin , Geschke Katharina , Rostamzadeh Ayda
Published: November 2024

New possibilities of biomarker‐based predictive technologies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have become more reliable as well as more accessible. Standardized clinical recommendations and guidance for counseling and disclosure in this context are not yet well developed. Our scoping review identified publications from database searches in PubMed, PsycINFO, LIVIVO, and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria were: (1) information or counseling, (2) biomarkers and a type of cognitive impairment or AD, and (3) published between 2005 and 2024. We identified 63 articles and synthesized them along the categories of staged information provision: pre‐test counseling, disclosure, and post‐disclosure follow‐up. Most publications referred to the context of disclosure (48), followed by pre‐test counseling (33), and post‐disclosure follow‐up (31). Some publications referred to all stages of counseling (17). Our findings highlight the need to further develop and specify comprehensive and standardized guidelines for counseling, disclosure, and post‐disclosure follow‐up in the context of AD biomarker testing.

Highlights

New possibilities of biomarker‐based predictive technologies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have become more reliable and also more accessible. However, clinical recommendations and guidance for counseling and disclosure in the context of AD biomarker testing are currently not well developed.

We carried out a scoping review with the aim to generate an overview of the scientific literature and guidance available regarding counseling, biomarker test result and dementia risk disclosure, and clinical management prior to and in the course of a biomarker‐based diagnosis in early stages of AD.

We identified 63 relevant articles. Most publications referred to the context of disclosure (48), followed by pre‐test counseling (33), and post‐disclosure follow‐up (31). Some publications referred to all stages of counseling (17).

Our findings highlight the urgent need for national and international consensus guidelines for comprehensive and staged counseling and disclosure practices. While most publications identify relevant ethical challenges posed for counseling practices in the context of AD biomarker testing, they rarely present any practical recommendations for clinicians, on how and what to counsel on a concrete level.
Caregiver perspectives enable accurate diagnosis of neurodegenerative disease
Authors: Murley Alexander G. , Bowns Lucy , Camacho Marta , Williams‐Gray Caroline H. , Tsvetanov Kamen A. , Rittman Timothy , Barker Roger A. , O'Brien John T. , Rowe James B.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

The history from a relative or caregiver is an important tool for differentiating neurodegenerative disease. We characterized patterns of caregiver questionnaire responses, at diagnosis and follow‐up, on the Cambridge Behavioural Inventory (CBI).

METHODS

Data‐driven multivariate analysis (n = 4952 questionnaires) was undertaken for participants (n = 2481) with Alzheimer's disease (typical/amnestic n = 543, language n = 50, and posterior cortical n = 50 presentations), Parkinson's disease (n = 740), dementia with Lewy bodies (n = 55), multiple system atrophy (n = 55), progressive supranuclear palsy (n = 422), corticobasal syndrome (n = 176), behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (n = 218), semantic (n = 125) and non‐fluent variant progressive aphasia (n = 88), and motor neuron disease (n = 12).

RESULTS

Item‐level support vector machine learning gave high diagnostic accuracy between diseases (area under the curve mean 0.83), despite transdiagnostic changes in memory, behavior, and everyday function. There was progression in CBI subscores over time, which varied by diagnosis.

DISCUSSION

Our results highlight the differential diagnostic information for a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases contained in a simple, structured collateral history.

Highlights

We analyzed 4952 questionnaires from caregivers of 2481 participants with neurodegenerative disease.

Behavioral and neuropsychiatric manifestations of neurodegenerative disease had overlapping diagnostic boundaries.

Simple questionnaire response patterns were sufficient for accurate diagnosis of each disease.

We reinforce the value of a collateral history to support a diagnosis of dementia.

The Cambridge Behavioural Inventory is sensitive to change over time and suitable as an outcome measure in clinical trials.
Microwave‐Assisted Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Catalyzed Cascade Synthesis of 3‐(1,4,5‐Triaryl‐1H‐imidazol‐2yl)quinolin‐2‐amines as COX‐1, COX‐2 Inhibitors and Antioxidant Agents
Authors: Bheemayya Lokesh , Kamble Ravindra R. , Shettar Arun K. , Nadoni Vishwa B. , Nayak Manojna R. , Joshi Shrinivas D. , Bayannavar Praveen K. , Metre Tukaram V. , Keri Rangappa S. , Hoskeri Joy H.
Published: November 2024

A proficient Fe3O4 nanoparticle catalyzed cascade multicomponent synthetic protocol has been established to synthesize the title compounds. 2‐Chloroquinoline‐3‐carbaldehydes, aniline, and substituted benzils were subjected to cascade coupling to produce novel 3‐(1,4,5‐triaryl‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)quinolin‐2‐amine 5k–z under microwave irradiation using Fe3O4 NPs. According to the biological data and the computational analysis, the compounds were found to bind COX‐2 enzyme superior than the COX‐1 enzyme. The molecular docked positions of the compounds (PDB ID: 4O1Z and PDB ID: 5IKR; A chain) were examined, and the results showed that these configurations are similar to those of the highly selective COX‐1 and COX‐2 inhibitors. Compared to mefenamic acid (1.318 μg), the compounds 5k, 5l, 5n, 5p, 5q, 5r, 5s, 5t, 5v, 5x, and 5z Showed IC50 values of 1.172, 1.136, 1.508, 1.0373, 1.186, 1.017, 1.827, 1.008, 1.504, 1.217, 1.440, and 1.832, respectively, making them the most effective and selective COX‐1 and COX‐2 inhibitors. For every significantly active molecule, a selectivity index was calculated. Interestingly, these molecules that worked as COX inhibitors also functioned well and showed promising results for antioxidant activity.
Synthesis, Structural, DFT, In Vitro Biological Exploration, and DNA Interaction of New Ni(II) and Cu(II) Mixed‐Ligand Complexes Featuring 2,2′‐Pyridine‐2,6‐diylbis(1H‐benzimidazole) and 2‐Hydroxy‐naphthaldehyde‐Based Schiff‐Base
Authors: Abdou Aly
Published: November 2024

This research article provides a comprehensive analysis of the preparation, structural characterization, 3D modeling, and biological screening of two novel formulated metal complexes, NiPDBZNPH and CuPDBZNPH. These complexes were obtained by combining 2,2′‐pyridine‐2,6‐diylbis(1H‐benzimidazole) (PDBZ) and 2‐hydroxy‐naphthaldehyde Schiff‐base (NPH) ligands with Ni(II) and Cu(II) ions, resulting in the compounds [Ni (NPH)(PDBZ)(Cl)] and [Cu (NPH)(PDBZ)(Cl)], respectively. Spectroscopic and analytical techniques confirmed that both complexes exhibit octahedral geometry around the central metal ion. Computational studies using density functional theory (DFT) corroborated the molecular structures and investigated the quantum chemical properties of the ligands and complexes. A series of in vitro assays were conducted to assess their anti‐inflammatory, antifungal, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties, revealing enhanced bioactivity compared to the uncoordinated ligands. The potential of NiPDBZNPH and CuPDBZNPH as therapeutic candidates was also explored through interactions with calf thymus DNA (CT‐DNA). Molecular docking simulations targeting specific protein receptors were performed to evaluate binding affinities and ligand–protein interactions, with results highlighting significant interactions within enzyme active sites. These findings emphasize the pivotal role of metal–ligand coordination in enhancing pharmacological properties and contribute valuable insights toward the design of novel therapeutic compounds for use in medicinal chemistry and pharmaceutical research.
“I wish I could use any language as it comes to mind”: User experience in digital platforms in the context of multilingual personal information management
Authors: Alon Lilach , Krtalić Maja
Published: November 2024

In today's linguistically diverse world, managing personal information across multiple languages presents a challenge. This study engaged 16 multilingual participants to explore their user experience in the context of multilingual personal information management (MPIM), with a focus on inclusivity, universality, and equity. Addressing two main questions, the study explores the challenges users face on digital platforms in MPIM contexts and their ideal platform features. Findings highlight key issues in MPIM platform design, including unsupported languages and integration of visual aesthetics. We also identify user preferences for ideal platform features, such as language flexibility and efficient information retrieval. The study suggests the need for more inclusive, universal, and equitable platform designs that cater to the specific requirements of multilingual users. Ultimately, this study underscores the critical need for improved MPIM support and emphasizes the significance of continued exploration in this area, establishing it as a vital field of future research.
Start Over After Pre‐Empt (SOAP) Protocol
Authors: Sethuraman Jayaram
Published: November 2024

Consider a job that normally requires units of time to complete. A higher authority comes and interrupts the service. The inter‐arrival times of the interrupts are , which are the actual available service times to work on the job. Thus, if the first available service time is larger than , the job gets completed, and the remaining service time is the first available service time for the next job. If not, the previous service is lost and service on the job starts from scratch using the next available service time. As before, if , the job gets completed and the remaining service time is the first available service time for the next job. If not, the service is lost, and is the available service time for the job. And so on. Let be the time to complete the job. This is called the start over after pre‐empt (SOAP) protocol. An example of such interrupts is power outages. After a power outage interrupt the partial service on a job running on a computer is lost and service on the job has to start again. We study properties of and , the time to complete two jobs normally requiring times , and give some guidance whether when . We obtain the asymptotic distribution of a stochastic process based on which has interesting independent increments of a new type. My frustrations standing in a queue in India, where a supervisor interrupts and the service on my job has to start again, were my inspiration for the protocol named here as SOAP. A careful referee pointed out that the SOAP protocol is not new in the queues literature. It goes by the name RESTART and has variants called RESUME and REPLACE.
Streamlined Clarification and Capture Process for Monoclonal Antibodies Using Fluidized Bed Centrifugation and Multi‐Column Chromatography With Membrane Adsorbers
Authors: Schmitz Fabian , Saballus Martin , Kruse Thomas , Minceva Mirjana , Kampmann Markus
Published: November 2024

Harmonizing unit operations in the downstream process of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has a high potential to overcome throughput limitations and reduce manufacturing costs. This study proposes a streamlined clarification and capture (S‐CC) process concept for the continuous processing of cell broth harvested from a connected bioreactor. The process was realized with a fluidized bed centrifuge connected to depth and sterile filters, a surge tank, and a multi‐column chromatography (MCC) unit. The MCC unit was operated in the rapid cycling simulated moving bed (RC‐BioSMB) mode with five convective diffusive membrane adsorbers (MAs). A control strategy and the surge tank were used to adjust the loading flow rate of the MCC unit. The mAb was recovered with a total process yield of 90%, with high removal of the process‐related impurities HCP (2.1 LRV) and DNA (2.9 LRV). Moreover, the S‐CC process productivity of 4.2 g h−1 was up to 5.3 times higher than for comparable, hypothetical batch MA processes. In addition, the buffer consumption of the capture step could be reduced from 2.0 L g−1 in batch mode to 1.2 L g−1 in the RC‐BioSMB mode. These results demonstrate the high potential of streamlined interconnected unit operations to improve the overall mAb downstream process performance.
Regeneration of Spent Culture Media for Sustainable and Continuous mAb Production via Ion Concentration Polarization
Authors: Wynne Eric , Yoon Junghyo , Park Dohyun , Cui Mingyang , Morris Caitlin , Lee Jaeweon , Wang Zhao , Yoon Seongkyu , Han Jongyoon
Published: November 2024

In modern bioprocessing, cell culture media is one of the most significant cost drivers, yet the nutrients and other critical factors in the media are often not fully utilized. With the renewed emphasis on reducing the cost of bioprocessing, there is much interest in reducing the overall use of cell culture media. In this work, we introduce a mesoscale microfluidic separation device based on the ion concentration polarization (ICP) process to regenerate the spent media for reuse by removing critical waste products from the cell culture that are known to inhibit the growth of the cells. We demonstrated that up to 75% of spent culture media can be regenerated and reused without affecting the cell viability. A detailed analysis of the materials consumed during antibody production indicated that one could improve the water process mass intensity by up to 33% by regenerating and recycling the media. Given that ICP separation systems have already been scaled up to support large‐volume processing, it would be feasible to deploy this technology for manufacturing scale bioreactors (e.g., 50 L perfusion culture of CHO cells), reducing the overall operation cost and water use.
Unveiling the blackbox within ESG ratings' blackbox: Toward a framework for analyzing AI adoption and its impacts
Authors: Suárez Giri Felipe , Sánchez Chaparro Teresa
Published: November 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming entire industries at an unprecedented pace. Yet, established technology adoption theories offer limited tools for characterizing business AI integration and analyzing its effects. These primarily focus on the factors facilitating or hindering adoption, rather than on adoption patterns and impacts. This paper introduces a novel conceptual framework to address this key gap and applies it to the case of the ESG rating industry. ESG raters play a pivotal role in sustainable finance, providing metrics that guide investment decisions globally. However, little is known about the extent and nature of their AI usage and its implications. Through a mixed‐methods approach combining the analysis of job postings, patent filings, research publications, and corporate websites, we examine AI adoption among major ESG raters. Our investigation explores the specific AI technologies employed, their functional applications, the innovations developed, the intensity of AI integration, and the potential impacts of raters' AI adoption. Our results reveal widespread and growing AI adoption across the industry. Our findings show that raters extensively leverage Natural Language Processing to streamline data collection, processing, and analysis. Furthermore, they have pioneered Machine Learning innovations that significantly expand their sustainability assessment capabilities in various domains. These findings mark a considerable departure from prior academic and gray literature that characterized major ESG raters as having minimal AI use, prompting critical questions regarding the implications of this technological transformation for ESG ratings' reliability, transparency, and potential biases.
Empowering Computer Vision in Higher Education: A Novel Tool for Enhancing Video Coding Comprehension
Authors: Cuevas Carlos , Cortés Carlos , García Narciso
Published: November 2024

The growing demand for skilled computer vision professionals requires effective educational approaches. This study explores a novel tool based on Virtual Programming Language principles designed to enhance computer vision education, specifically in video coding. The tool leverages a user‐friendly interface and a custom widget library for video exploration, enabling students to engage with video data manipulation, motion estimation simulations, and visualization of coding effects. A controlled experiment with computer vision students from a university master's program demonstrates that the tool significantly improves student motivation, knowledge acquisition, and overall learning outcomes. This study highlights the potential of such tools to revolutionize computer vision education, leading to better engagement, deeper understanding, and enhanced practical skills. Therefore, it paves the way for further exploration of similar tools in computer vision and other science, technology, engineering, and mathematics disciplines.
Advances in the Understanding of the Pathogenesis of Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Liu Yuhan , Zou Yuhan , Ye Yangli , Chen Yong
Published: November 2024

Background

Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by high aggressiveness, high malignancy, and poor prognosis compared to other breast cancer subtypes.

Objective

This review aims to explore recent advances in understanding TNBC and to provide new insights and potential references for clinical treatment.

Methods

We examined current literature on TNBC to analyze molecular subtypes, genetic mutations, signaling pathways, mechanisms of drug resistance, and emerging therapies.

Results

Findings highlight key aspects of TNBC's molecular subtypes, relevant mutations, and pathways, alongside emerging treatments that target drug resistance mechanisms.

Conclusion

These insights into TNBC pathogenesis may help guide future therapeutic strategies and improve clinical outcomes for patients with TNBC.
Unveiling CKS2: A Key Player in Aggressive B‐Cell Lymphoma Progression and a Target for Synergistic Therapy
Authors: Zhou Fenling , Chen Lu , Liu Zhen , Cao Yuli , Deng Cuilan , Liu Gexiu , Liu Chengcheng
Published: November 2024

Background

The objective of this study was to investigate the expression levels and biological significance of CKS2 in Burkitt cell lymphoma (BL) and diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Additionally, the potential synergistic anti‐tumor effects of CKS2 knockdown in combination with etoposide in BL and DLBCL were explored for the first time.

Methods

Bioinformatics analysis was utilized to explore the transcriptional levels, prognostic value, and gene function enrichment of CKS2 in BL and DLBCL. Specific shRNA sequences were designed to target CKS2 for the purpose of constructing a lentiviral expression vector, and therapeutic effects were assessed through analyses of cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, and cell apoptosis.

Results

First, the study examined the increased transcriptional and protein levels of CKS2 in BL and DLBCL through analysis of various databases and immunohistochemistry tests. Elevated CKS2 expression was found to be correlated with a worse prognosis in BL and DLBCL patients, as evidenced by data from the TCGA and GEO databases. Enrichment analysis indicated that CKS2 functions were primarily linked to protein kinase regulatory activity, G1/S phase transition of the cell cycle, and the p53 signaling pathway, among others. Second, stable suppression of CKS2 gene expression in Raji and SUDHL6 cells using shRNA resulted in a significant inhibition of cell proliferation. Moreover, CKS2‐shRNA induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by activating the p53 signaling pathway in Raji and SUDHL6 cells. Third, the combined treatment of CKS2‐shRNA and etoposide exhibited a synergistic effect on the proliferation and apoptosis of Raji and SUDHL6 cells.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that CKS2 may play a critical role in the progression of BL and DLBCL and provide evidence for the potential therapeutic application of combining CKS2‐shRNA and etoposide agents in the treatment of BL and DLBCL.
The Vascular Response After Balloon Angioplasty of Infrapopliteal Intermediate Stenosis Evaluated by Optical Frequency Domain Imaging
Authors: Yamane Haruya , Ueda Yasunori , Ikeoka Kuniyasu , Abe Haruhiko , Inoue Koichi , Matsumura Yasushi
Published: November 2024

Background

We often experience worsening of stenosis by balloon angioplasty of infrapopliteal (IP) lesion compared with the initial stenosis. However, reports on this phenomenon are limited.

Aims

The main purpose of this study is to evaluate vascular response after balloon angioplasty of IP artery stenosis.

Methods

Thirteen patients (15 arteries) who underwent endovascular treatment (EVT) and follow‐up angiography with optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) of intermediate IP stenosis were included. Serial OFDI images at 3 time points (before and after EVT and at follow‐up) were analyzed. Diameter and area of external elastic lamina, internal elastic lamina, and lumen were measured, and plaque area and plaque burden (PB) were calculated. PB before EVT was classified into mild, moderate, and severe by 0%–20%, 21%–40%, and 41%–60%, respectively.

Results

Analyzed were 229 cross sections. External elastic lamina diameter did not change significantly among three time points (3.8 ± 0.5 [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.7 to 3.9] mm, 3.9 ± 0.4 [95% CI: 3.8 to 4.0] mm, 3.9 ± 0.4 [95% CI: 3.8 to 4.0] mm, p = 0.06). Lumen area increased after EVT but became smaller at follow‐up than before EVT (4.5 ± 1.5 [95% CI: 4.3 to 4.7] mm2, 5.3 ± 1.3 [95% CI: 5.1 to 5.5] mm2, 3.7 ± 1.2 [95% CI: 3.5 to 3.9] mm2, p < 0.001). Plaque area became smaller after EVT and larger at follow‐up than before EVT (3.0 ± 1.7 [95% CI: 2.8 to 3.2] mm2, 2.4 ± 1.5 [95% CI: 2.2 to 2.6] mm2, 4.0 ± 1.6 [95% CI: 3.8 to 4.2] mm2, p < 0.001). Lumen area was significantly smaller at follow‐up than before EVT in mild and moderate PB groups, but it was not different in severe PB group (mild PB group: 5.1 ± 1.5 [95% CI: 4.7 to 5.5] mm2 vs. 4.0 ± 1.3 [95% CI: 3.7 to 4.3] mm2, p < 0.001, moderate PB group: 4.6 ± 1.3 [95% CI: 4.4 to 4.8] mm2 vs. 3.6 ± 1.2 [95% CI: 3.4 to 3.8] mm2, p < 0.001, severe PB group: 3.0 ± 1.4 [95% CI: 2.5 to 3.5] mm2 vs. 3.1 ± 1.0 [95% CI: 2.7 to 3.5] mm2, p = 0.93).

Conclusions

Balloon angioplasty of intermediate IP artery stenosis with mild or moderate PB led to smaller lumen area at follow‐up than before EVT.
Iatrogenic Aortocoronary Dissection During Coronary Intervention: A Case Series
Authors: Albayati Ammar , Collins Nicholas J. , Boyle Andrew J. , Al‐Omary Mohammed S.
Published: November 2024

Iatrogenic aortocoronary dissection (IAD) during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is an uncommon and potentially life‐threatening complication. Extension of dissection to the ascending aorta, despite early surgical management, carries a high morbidity and mortality risk. Depending on the severity of dissection, the approach to management ranges from monitoring to surgical intervention; more extensive dissections into the ascending aorta, typically more than 40 mm above the coronary ostium, are considered an indication for surgery. We report six cases of IAD, highlighting the critical considerations concerning conservative management. These cases highlight the potential role of individualized management strategies, demonstrating instances where a conservative stance may prove effective in ensuring an optimal patient outcome and the key procedural features essential to optimize outcomes when considering nonsurgical management.
Translating Solid‐Phase Conformational Memory in the Prophecy of Multi‐stimuli Responsive Low Molecular Weight Gels
Authors: Sharma Himanshu , Pathak Debabrat , Tanwar Niharika , Tiwari Pankaj , Sarma Bipul
Published: November 2024

Polymorphism and its screening to select the best‐performing form is in high demand. In low molecular weight organogels (LMWG), gelators are designed as they contain flexible groups, functionalities capable of varied H‐bonding, and increased the potential to show polymorphism. We synthesized a bis‐urea based LMWG G1 and isolated three distinct polymorphic phases (Form I, II, and III). G1 polymorphs showed noticeable differences in solubility; precisely, Form I is highly soluble compared to the other two. Gel screening was carried out for all three polymorphs using different stimuli like heat‐cool, sonication, shaking, and grinding. Among the polymorphs, Form I was found to have better gelling ability which was reflected by the solvent scope, thermal stability (gel‐sol transition temperature Tgel), minimum gelator concentration (M.G.C.), stimuli‐responsiveness, morphology, and rheological properties. The differences in their gelation performance among the three polymorphs are associated with their solubility parameter. Stimuli like sonication, shaking, and grinding triggered Form I to form a gel. Form II and III responded to heat‐cool stimuli only due to poor solubility. Therefore, it is noted crucial to add polymorph screening as an integral part of the gel synthesis to avoid problems associated with reproducibility in the gel prophecy of LMWG systems.
Investigation on vapour–liquid equilibrium (VLE) solubility of CO2 in aqueous solutions of amino sugars
Authors: Sarode Urvashi K. , Rawate Hitesh D. , Vaidya Prakash D.
Published: November 2024

Amino sugars, which are candidate CO2‐capturing solvents, react reversibly with CO2, thereby setting up vapour–liquid equilibrium (VLE). Knowing equilibrium data is useful for designing gas–liquid contactors for CO2 absorption. In this work, VLE data for two amino sugars, glucosamine (GA) and N‐methyl‐D‐glucamine (NMG), was measured and reported at 303, 308, and 313 K using a high‐pressure VLE setup for the first time. The equilibrium CO2 partial pressure was high (up to 1500 kPa). The molarity of sugar in the aqueous solution was in the 0.5–1.25 M range. It was found that the CO2 loading capacity of NMG was much higher than that of GA. For instance, 1.25 M NMG loaded 1.066 mol/mol at 303 K and 1500 kPa CO2 partial pressure. Using regression, empirical equations were developed to predict VLE data for GA and NMG. To enable comparison, VLE trials were also performed using two amines, monoethanolamine (MEA) and 2‐amino‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanol (AMP), and an amino acid salt potassium glycinate (PG). It was found that CO2 solubility (α, mol/mol) in NMG was comparable to that in MEA and higher than that in PG. Besides, it was also found that CO2 was most soluble in AMP. The effect of promoter addition on the loading capacity at T = 308 K was studied too. The value of CO2 solubility in GA solution (1 M) at = 1450 kPa was α = 0.298 mol CO2/mol amino sugar. It improved to α = 0.46 mol/mol in GA/NMG (1/0.5 M) mixtures. Similarly, the CO2 solubility in NMG solution (0.75 M) at  = 250 kPa was α = 0.76 mol CO2/mol amino sugar. It improved to 0.94 and 0.93 mol/mol in NMG/PZ and NMG/AMP (0.75/0.25 M) mixtures (here, PZ denotes piperazine). In this way, this work provided new and useful VLE data for individual and blended sugar solutions.
Active restoration increases tree species richness and recruitment of large‐seeded taxa after 16–18 years
Authors: Schubert Spencer C. , Zahawi Rakan A. , Oviedo‐Brenes Federico , Rosales Juan Abel , Holl Karen D.
Published: November 2024

Tropical forest restoration presents a potential lifeline to mitigate climate change and biodiversity crises in the Anthropocene. Yet, the extent to which human interventions, such as tree planting, accelerate the recovery of mature functioning ecosystems or redirect successional trajectories toward novel states remains uncertain due to a lack of long‐term experiments. In 2004–2006, we established three 0.25‐ha plots at 10 sites in southern Costa Rica to test three forest restoration approaches: natural regeneration (no planting), applied nucleation (planting in patches), and plantation (full planting). In a comprehensive survey after 16–18 years of recovery, we censused >80,000 seedlings, saplings, and trees from at least 255 species across 26 restoration plots (nine natural regeneration, nine applied nucleation, eight plantation) and six adjacent reference forests to evaluate treatment effects on recruitment patterns and community composition. Both applied nucleation and plantation treatments resulted in significantly elevated seedling and sapling establishment and more predictable community composition compared with natural regeneration. Similarity of vegetation composition to reference forest tended to scale positively with treatment planting intensity. Later‐successional species with seeds ≥5 mm had significantly greater seedling and sapling abundance in the two planted treatments, and plantation showed similar recruitment densities of large‐seeded (≥10 mm) species to reference forest. Plantation tended toward a lower abundance of early‐successional recruits than applied nucleation. Trees (≥5 cm dbh) in all restoration treatments continued to be dominated by a few early‐successional species and originally transplanted individuals. Seedling recruits of planted taxa were more abundant in applied nucleation than the other treatments though few transitioned into the sapling layer. Overall, our findings show that active tree planting accelerates the establishment of later‐successional trees compared with natural regeneration after nearly two decades. While the apparent advantages of higher density tree planting on dispersal and understory establishment of larger seeded, later‐successional species recruitment is notable, more time is needed to assess whether these differences will persist and transition to the more rapid development of a mature later‐successional canopy. Our results underscore the need for ecological restoration planning and monitoring that targets biodiversity recovery over multiple decades.