bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASSESSMENT OF PEAK FLOW VARIATION DUE TO LANDUSE CHANGE: VIT RIVER CASE STUDY
Authors: Stoyanova Silviya , Yordanova Valeriya , Stoyanova Vesela
Published: October 2023

The results of many research projects and studies report that landuse/ landcover change (LULCC) is a major driver of the changes in the hydrological processes within a watershed. Landuse induced landcover changes, e.g., urbanization, deforestation, have a direct impact on the hydrological regime of watersheds thus increasing their vulnerability to extreme hydrological events.
In this research the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to study the landuse/landcover change impact on the hydrological dynamics within a watershed with respect to peak flow. The physically-based, semi-distributed hydrological SWAT model was applied over Vit river basin in Bulgaria.
SWAT was set up with a meteorological information for the period 2015-2020 and the Corine Land Cover (CLC2012) dataset was used to classify the different landuse types in the watershed. The model was further calibrated and validated towards measured discharge data. The rainfall-runoff process in Vit river basin was re-modelled by having the calibrated SWAT model applied using the same meteorological input time series data and a future landcover change scenario. Future landuse/landcover change scenario was selected following the "Sustainable Futures for Europe's Heritage in Cultural Landscapes" project (HERCULES) open mapping platform.
The results of the simulations with the CLC2012 and the future landcover shange scenario landuse datasets are presented in this paper. The future landcover change scenario simulated daily discharges were compared against the simulated with the CLC2012 dataset daily discharges. The results of the modelled surface runoff with the two landcover scenarios were also analyzed to evaluate quantitative and spatial distribution changes. Compared to CLC2012, the FLC scenario simulation results showed a tendency toward maximal peak flow increase, higher surface runoff and decrease of minimal streamflow.
MODELING OF RANGELAND ECOSYSTEMS IN NORTHERN JORDAN
Authors: Alhamad Mohammad N. , Abdullah Shefaa M.
Published: October 2023

Grasslands is globally important vegetation type for providing feed resources for grazing animals. An improved understanding of the factors affecting the long-term productivity of the ecosystems will be beneficial, as well as to developing a better understanding of the role these ecosystems play in global environmental change. Arid and semi-arid Mediterranean grasslands provide valuable forage for grazing animals in the eastern part of the Mediterranean area and have been subjected to long-term unsustainable grazing practices, leading to degeneration of productivity and impacts plant community structure. The present study aimed to discover the validity of using Phytomass Growth Simulator Model (Phygrow) to simulate arid grassland ecosystems. The purpose is to build a Phygrow simulation model that can accurately estimate important eco-hydrological processes in arid grassland ecosystems. The weather parameter was taken from the NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration). Important vegetation parameters and other key processes were simulated during the period 1981�2021 using the Phygrow model. The simulation was conducted for a grassland community within the Jordan University of Science and Technology JUST Campus. The model was able to reproduce all the general trends found in the study area, where peak growth is reached during the spring and ceased during the summer for annual spring growing species. The model has been successfully able to simulate leaf area index, evapotranspiration, soil moisture, leaf water storage, water stress, and temperature stress from 1981 to 2021.
NEURAL NETWORK-BASED MODELS FOR STRUMA RIVER FLOW FORECASTING
Authors: Balabanova Snezhanka , Stoyanova Vesela , Yordanova Valeriya
Published: October 2023

Accurate river flow forecasting is an extremely important issue for proper management and optimal use of water resources as well as for warnings of extreme hydrometeorological events. Rainfall-runoff simulation is essential for short and longterm forecasting of the river discharge. Determining the relationship between rainfall and runoff is one of the most important tasks faced by hydrologists. This relationship is a nonlinear and extremely complex process influenced by many factors such as watershed topology, vegetation cover, soil types, river bed characteristics, groundwater aquifers, precipitation distribution, snowmelt, rural and urban activities.
Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are known as powerful and flexible models and are widely used in hydrology and forecasting.
This paper aims to demonstrate the research and operational application of ANN in hydrologic modeling to construct an effective operational forecasting system of stream flow and potential flood risks in the studied area. The studied area is the Struma river Basin. The availability of long historical records and a good physical understanding of the hydrologic process in the area are very important in selecting the input predictors and designing a more efficient network. Historical data from automatic stations for the period 2015 - 2022 is selected to create the networks. The six hourly precipitation, daily temperature and runoff data from eleven subwatersheds are collected and used in developing the ANN. Additional analyses of lags are performed using correlation analysis of runoff at hydrometric stations at the outlet of the watersheds and correlation analysis of runoff and accumulated precipitation data in watersheds. The statistical estimates are Nash Sutcliffe model 0.8 - 0.9, MSE - 0.04 - 0.149, MAE 0.13 -0.176 and R 0.8-0.98. Operational forecasting is based on data from the global weather model ECMWF.
SPATIAL AND MULTIANNUAL ALTERATION OF WAVE EXPOSURE ALONG THE BULGARIAN COAST AS INFERRED BY NUMERICAL MODELLING OF WAVE ENERGY TRANSPORT
Authors: Valchev Nikolay , Andreeva Nataliya , Prodanov Bogdan , Valcheva Nadezhda , Eftimova Petya
Published: October 2023

Knowledge of the coastal hydrodynamics, in particular the storm induced waves, is essential for management of the extremely vulnerable coastal environment. There, wave processes dominate surge, coastal currents, sediment transport and species distribution. Therefore, it is important to have a detailed insight into the exposure of different coastal areas to wave action. The study proposes a wave exposure classification of the Bulgarian Black Sea coast according to wave climate conditions as required by the Water Framework Directive (WFD), which focuses on ensuring good qualitative and quantitative state of water resources and ecosystems. To this end, the coast was divided into twenty-five coastal units while the applied methodology is based on numerical modelling of wave processes employing the third-generation SWAN wave model forced by wind fields spanning the period 2007-2018. The energy transport (power) of waves entering the coastal environment was estimated, which is considered an indicator for wave exposure. Furthermore, the study period is divided into two 6-year cycles, which allowed for capturing of the climatic wave fields alteration thus enabling to detect possible climate change effects. Spatial alteration of the energy transport maxima and, accordingly, wave exposure is reviewed. Results show that the northern most, middle and southern parts of the coast are the most exposed to wave action. The coastal orography, shore geographical orientation and beach slope depth have a foremost importance for the exposure type. When using the numerical modelling tools these factors are accounted for with the required level of accuracy.
SPECIFICS IN DETERMINATION AND PROVISION OF ECOLOGICAL FLOW IN THE RIVERBEDS AFTER COMPLEX AND SIGNIFICANT DAMS IN BULGARIA
Authors: Ilcheva Irena , Yordanova Anna , Ninov Plamen , Ljubenova Krassimira , Krumova Kamelia
Published: October 2023

Water resource of a given river basin is the main component of the ecosystem and water resources management system as well. Ecological flows are considered within the context of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) as �a hydrological regime consistent with the achievement of the environmental objectives of the WFD in natural surface water bodies as mentioned in Article 4(1). The so-called Heavily Modified Water Bodies (HMWB) or �regulated rivers� have modified flow, which is influenced by reservoir compensation releases and management. National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology (NIMH) has responsibility and contributed to the implementation of the Eflow concept in Bulgaria. For the needs of the Ministry of Environment and Water (MoEW), a hydrological regionalization and a calculation scheme for the minimum acceptable flow in the rivers on the territory of Bulgaria are developed. In this report are represented the following researches: up-to-date assessment of the minimum acceptable flow (MAF) in the riverbeds after the complex dams, according to the Water Law (WL), a comparative analysis with the current state and definition of recommendations in support of the MoEW and the Basin Directorates (BD). The specificity of each reservoir in determining the MAF, the change during drought, etc. are highlighted. In the regulated rivers, the MAF is for the purpose of water ecosystems, groundwater and drinking water supply, wetlands, etc. The NIMH approach is applied and an up-to-date assessment of the MAF from the 52 complex and significant dams from Appendix 1 of the WL is carried out. The assessment is based on the results of hydrological development for the evaluation of the annual average flow and minimum monthly flows with 95% probability of exceedance of the own water catchment of dams. A comparative analysis was carried out between up-to-data assessed minimum acceptable flow (determined by NIMH) and current released MAF (by MoEW). The risks for ensuring the ecological flow are identified. Recommendations are given regarding the determination of ecological flow, definition of a minimum lower threshold, the specifics of reservoirs along the Black Sea or those for drinking water supply, etc. The research supports the MoEW and BD in determining the ecological flow in the riverbeds after the complex reservois, implementation of the Program of measures and the Eflow concept in Bulgaria.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF YANTRA RIVER FLOW
Authors: Bojilova Elena
Published: October 2023

The study is focused on statistical analysis of river discharges. The registered river flow regime and hydrological characteristics of Yantra River are investigated. Yantra watershed is situated in North Bulgaria and belongs to Danube river basin Directorate. The current study is focused on the low flows. Thirteen hydrometrics stations located in the watershed are available for the investigation. Data used are from monitoring network of the National institute of meteorology and hydrology, Bulgaria.
The flow duration analysis was carried out for each gauged river within watershed. Flow duration analysis provides information on the percentage of time that flows are equalled or exceeded. Some baseflow indices were calculated in order to estimate the relative contribution of groundwater or baseflow. The obtained results clearly show a significant contribution of subsurface inflow to surface river runoff. The time of occurrence of minimum daily discharges (by month) were extracted from database and values were analysed. The minimum daily water discharge has the greatest frequency in the four summer months based on the performed analysis. In second place are the winter months when we work with three seasons each with four months duration.
The magnitude of the low flow event was studied using frequency analysis. The probability of occurrence of different flows was calculated. Regional regression analysis was applied. Regionalization scheme and regression curves are presented and discussed. The obtained results show that the most of the rivers from the watershed have a similar behaviour at low flow.
This study is focused on flow metrics that best describe the flow regime and the hydrological characteristics of Yantra river. Furthermore, hydrological studies are important for all types of environmental investigations � fish habitat, water intakes, stream productivity, etc. In the recent years we are dealing with co-called ecological flow. Particularly the low flow statistical analysis is crucial for determination of ecological flows in the sense of European water framework directive.
EFFECT OF VARIABLE RATE APPLICATION OF FERTILIZERS ON THE NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY
Authors: Lukas Vojtech , Placatova Renata , Krcek Vitezslav , Suslikova Beata , Elbl Jakub
Published: October 2023

The aim of the study was to compare variable rate (VRA) and uniform (UNI) application of mineral nitrogen fertilizers in winter wheat and to evaluate the effect on the achieved yields, nitrogen balance and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). For these purposes, a field experiment with an area of 16.98 ha of winter wheat was established in 2022 at farm Agra Risuty s.r.o. (Czech Republic, EU). Variable nitrogen topdressing was realized twice during the vegetation period based on yield potential (YP) maps. The evaluation of crop yield maps showed high spatial variability of achieved yield levels within the observed field and their coincidence with the zones of YP. In the case of the UNI variant, the same N rate over all zones led to significant over-fertilization in lessproductive zones in the range of 50 - 70 kg N per ha. This was also reflected by the lower value of NUE for zones with a lower value of YP. The results of the experiment thus point to the importance of the identification of YP zones and the reduction of nitrogen doses in the areas with lower yield productivity to ensure equal nitrogen balance and high NUE.
THE EFFECTS OF SOIL TILLAGE AND CROP ROTATION ON GHG EMISSIONS FROM CLAY SOIL: CASE STUDY FROM LATVIA
Authors: Valujeva Kristine , Pilecka-Ulcugaceva Jovita , Grinfelde Inga
Published: October 2023

In order to reduce the impact of agricultural activity on global warming and promote sustainable land management, it is necessary to implement management practices that reduce GHG emissions from agriculture. Conventional soil tillage produces favorable conditions for the growth of seeds and plants, but it is an energy and labor-intensive method that alters the soil to an unfavorable condition, while reduced soil tillage decrease the use of energy resources, GHG emissions from the soils, and improves the soil quality. Reduced soil tillage and crop rotation have been proposed as a solution to decrease GHG emissions from soil, and to improve soil quality. Therefore, the aim of this study is to research the effect of two soil tillage treatments and crop rotation on the GHG emissions from clay soil in Latvia. In the vegetation periods from 2018 to 2022, we measured soil flux of N2O, CH4 and CO2 using a mobile spectrophotometer Picarro G2508 on a broad multifaceted field experiment with conventional and reduced tillage treatments. The results show that N2O emission from clay soil significantly differs between soil tillage treatments (p less than 0.05).
THE IMPORTANCE OF CROPS AND CROP RESIDUES IN PREVENTING THE SOIL LOSS BY WATER EROSION OUT OF THE VEGETATION SEASON
Authors: Aydin Elena , Dozsa Viktor
Published: October 2023

Water erosion is one form of physical soil degradation. As a result of climate change, global warming and changes in the distribution of atmospheric precipitation are also taking place in Slovakia. In the southern, warmer regions, snowfall decreases during the winter at the expense of rain precipitation. During the winter period outside the main crop growing season, arable land is often without a vegetation cover to protect the soil structure from the action of the kinetic energy of falling rain. For this reason, the need to protect the soil surface from the erosive effect of water also comes to the fore during the winter season. This study presents the results of rain simulations using the Eijkelkamp rainfall simulator on arable land in the Nitra-Drazovce area in Slovakia in March 2017, specifically focusing on medium-textured soil. The simulations compared two soil cover types: bare soil without crop residues and soil with 40% of cover consisting of previous crop residues (spring barley) among which winter wheat was grown in narrow rows. During each simulation, the surface runoff was collected in the numbered collectors. In the laboratory, we calculated the height of the surface runoff and after filtering the detached soil we also determined the amount of soil loss. The differences between the observed values were tested for statistical significance by one-way Anova and Tukey HSD test. The results indicated that while there were no significant differences in surface runoff height, soil loss was 50% lower in plots with soil cover compared to bare soil. The presence of soil cover significantly reduced the detachment and transport of soil. These findings highlight the importance of maintaining high-quality soil cover throughout the year to combat water erosion and preserve soil productivity.
ANALYSIS OF THE RISKS GENERATED BY HYDROGEN FILLING STATIONS FOR GREEN MOBILITY
Authors: Cioara Cristian Raul , Vlasin Nicolae , Pasculescu Vlad Mihai , Tuhut Ligia Ioana , Matei Andrada Denisa
Published: October 2023

Risks are present in all economic and industrial activities that manifest themselves both through economic losses, malfunctions of installations and equipment, as well as the occurrence of minor or major accidents with particularly serious consequences resulting in deaths and injuries, pollution of the environment. The assessment of risk levels stimulates the co-interest of economic operators to improve their working and environmental conditions, respectively to take measures to move from high risk levels to lower, acceptable levels.
Now that fossil fuels cause damage to the environment, we must innovate, develop and implement new products and equipment that meet current requirements. Hydrogen is the fuel of the future, hydrogen is considered an important vector in reducing carbon emissions, with a critical role in the energy transition towards "net zero emissions".
Given the decarbonisation targets in the transport sector, hydrogen will play a direct fuel role in road, public, rail and freight transport.
The HYDROGEN filling stations are presented in the form of fully integrated modules whose purpose is to supply vehicles, and their handling presents a series of risks generated by the operator or construction risks.
The paper highlights the results of analyzing the risks generated when handling hydrogen fueling stations for green mobility.
CONCEPT OF AUTONOMOUS TEXTILE FOIL KITE - WIND ENERGY GENERATOR
Authors: SALISTEAN Adrian , JOMIR Constantin
Published: October 2023

This paper presents the starting phase of a research project that aims to develop the technological demonstrator of a wind power generator system using a wind sail to capture the high altitude wind energy. The sail will capture the wind energy and will be raised to an altitude of minimum 100-200 meters to capture the stronger and more constant winds at this altitude. Flight attitude control will be done via an active control hub named WCU (Wing Control Unit) attached to the cable at about 10m from the sail. The ground station will be made up, at large, of a drum that will hold and wrap the push-pull towing and control cable, a flywheel for storing the mechanical energy, a centrifugal clutch coupled to an electric motor used in rewinding the towing cable on the drum and of course the electric generator. The system will have an electronic command and control unit that will launch the sail from the platform, guide the sail to the cruise altitude, control of the flight trajectory in the wind and on the return path, optimal landing on the platform in case of storm or other weather vagaries.
The demonstrator system will be sized to generate approximately 20kVA. Current calculations show the need of a sail area of about 25m2 to achieve this power ratting.
FEASIBILITY STUDY ON PREREQUISITES AND SPECIFICS OF FLOATING WIND FARMS DEPLOYMENT IN THE BULGARIAN OPEN SHELF
Authors: Nikolov Grigor , Truhkchev Dimitar , Kishev Rumen , Fellows Daniel , Kaloyanchev Peycho
Published: October 2023

Following the EC directives and corresponding National regulations under approval, the possibilities for deployment of marine energy conversion farms have been considered, with a focus on the floating wind generators as one of the most promising applications and advantages. The specifics of local climate, hydrology and geography along the Bulgarian Black Sea coast have been analyzed, based on long-term surveys, and three potential areas of deployment were recommended, keeping in mind restrictions imposed by the Natura 2000 network of nature protection areas as well as extensive marine traffic and comparatively high urbanization of coastline. Various floating wind generator solutions have been compared from the view point of design, construction, installation, operation and maintenance. The WindFloat semi-submersible design that has already been employed in many European projects is recommended as a favorable design. An assessment of the impact on the local economy as well as on the local communities has been made and optimal capacity of the wind energy park is proposed.
INNOVATIVE RECYCLING OF BIOPOLYMERIC WASTES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATION
Authors: Predeanu Georgeta , Slavescu Valerica , Manea-Saghin Ana-Maria , Meghea Aurelia , Balanescu Mihaela
Published: October 2023

The paper aims to investigate biopolymeric wastes that combine the quality of the raw material with the desired application to obtain carbon materials. The raw materials used to obtain products for environmental application must have a low ash content and a quality as uniform as possible.
Depending on the requirements of the target products used for depollution purposes, the quality characteristics of the precursors are presented: biopolymeric waste - fruit kernels/shells of peach, olive, and walnut shells, wastes from the pressing of fruit kernels for several types of representative carbon materials used for water depollution. Physical-chemical characterization is provided as ultimate analysis. The quality parameters of the renewable biopolymers in the case of obtaining different types of carbon materials precursors.
To select the most appropriate waste to be used for targeted application, the potential for improving their characteristics was analyzed by applying a metric that consists in calculating the distance between two points belonging to the same vegetable waste for both stages (waste and char). Thus, for each type of waste, a distance was calculated for the carbon and nitrogen content, for the carbon and hydrogen content, respectively for the carbon and oxygen content. The results of the analysis indicate a ranking of the waste to be used in recycling technology.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE USED FOUNDRY SAND AND WASTE FROM PIPE BLASTING ON THE QUALITY OF CONCRETE
Authors: Pribulova Alena , Fedorko Patrik , Blasko Peter , Petrik Jozef , Futas Peter
Published: October 2023

Concrete is a building material composed of aggregate, cement and water. Aggregate forms a filler, cement, after mixing with water, creates crystals that connect the aggregate with a firm and flexible bond. Cement slurry gradually loses its plasticity and begins to solidify and harden, until it finally turns into cement stone. Quartz sand is most often used as aggregate. Concrete is a building material composed of aggregate, cement and water. Aggregate forms a filler, cement, when mixed with water, forms crystals that connect the aggregate with a firm and flexible joint. Cement slurry gradually loses its plasticity and begins to solidify and harden until it finally turns into cement stone. Quartz sand is most often used as aggregate. The largest amount of waste in the foundry is represented by used foundry sand, It is actually siliceous sand with a binder, which is most often bentonite. Approximately 100 million tons of used foundry sand are produced annually worldwide. Up to two thirds of used foundry sand are disposed of in landfills. Used foundry sand represents more than 80-90% of the waste produced by the foundry. The disposal of this waste requires relatively high costs. Quartz sand is used as a blasting medium for pipe blasting, which is contaminated by the blasted material after completion. The waste material from this process contains a high proportion of SiO2 and ends up in a landfill.
This contribution deals with the replacement of quartz sand in concrete with used foundry sand and waste from pipe blasting. In addition to new sand, used foundry sand or waste from pipe blasting, the concrete mix contained cement and water. The used molding mixture and blasting waste gradually replaced quartz sand in amounts of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40 and 100%. Cubes and blocks were formed from the concrete mixture, which were tested for compressive strength, flexural strength and hardness, and the influence of the amount of waste on compressive strength and flexural strength was monitored.
ASPECTS OF CRITICAL VELOCITY VARIATION FOR FIRE AND AIR POLLUTION CONTROL IN ROAD TUNNELS
Authors: Lanchava Omar , Javakhishvili Giorgi , Kunchulia Teimuraz , KhokeraSvili Zaza , Arudashvili Nino
Published: October 2023

Fires in road tunnels pollute the ventilation air of the underground space and create unfavorable conditions for life. International recommendations for the design of emergency ventilation share the statement that the critical velocity (specifically its numerical value of 3.0 m/s) can be used to predict the spread of toxic substances in underground space and to exclude backflow for the majority of tunnels. Nowadays, it is advisable to supplement this point of view with the results of new studies, which notes that fires in underground conditions cause a dynamic pressure higher than the pressure created by tunnel fans. Based on CFD modelling, in presented paper we found that even at a critical velocity of 4.5 m/s in inclined tunnels with a heat release rate of 50 MW, jet fans can no longer influence on the ventilation flow, since their power is limited compared to the draft caused by fire. The current paper presents the results of the research, which distinguish the cases from each other: 1. when, based on the available classical knowledge, it will be possible to develop emergency ventilation projects to save lives, and 2. when the available knowledge is no longer sufficient to realize the mentioned projects and novel study results are needed to develop a new approach to the problem.
REDUCTION OF METHANE EMISSION FROM LANDFILLS WITH CELLULOSE IN BIOCOVER
Authors: Siltumens Kristaps , Grinfelde Inga , Liepa Sindija , Burlakovs Juris , Makejeva Sabine
Published: October 2023

Global warming caused by greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is a global problem. Solid municipal waste landfills are the third largest source of artificial methane emissions. Methane is one of the greenhouse gases contributing to global warming. The net zero emissions target was set to strike a balance between emissions and anthropogenic GHG disposal by 2050. Methane emissions from active or closed landfills may be reduced by methane oxidation, which is developed as a coating over these landfills. Methane (CH4) is an important gas that causes greenhouse effects on Earth and has an atmospheric warming potential of 28 times higher than carbon dioxide (CO2). The aim of this study is to find out whether cellulose in the biocover contributes to improving the performance of biocover and to decreasing methane emissions. An experiment was conducted in laboratory conditions that studied the effectiveness of biocover developed in the laboratory. Three experimental columns were created with a diameter of 160 mm and a height of 1500 mm. An active compost saturated with water at a thickness of 500 mm was used as a source of methane, a permeable layer of sand at a thickness of 300 mm was further applied and finally covered with biocover. The first biocover consisted of 50% of fine fraction waste, 50% of clay soil. The second biocover consisted of 40% of fine fraction waste, 40% of clay soil and 20% cellulose (shredded paper). Measurements were performed with the CRDS device, Picarro G2508. The measurements were taken weekly for 5 months.
APPROACH TO THE TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY RELATIONSHIP OF THE TAILING MATERIAL ON THE BASIS OF THE PROCESSING OF DIGITAL PICTURES AND COLOR MODELS
Authors: Amosov Pavel V. , Goryachev Andrey A. , Makarov Dmitriy V. , Masloboev Vladimir V. , Malodushev Kirill A.
Published: October 2023

The result of determining the quantitative relationship between the temperature and humidity of enrichment waste materials based on the analysis of digital photographs of laboratory experiments using RGB and Lab methods is presented. Using standard equipment, a laboratory experiment was performed to determine the temperature and humidity of samples of the tailing dam surface layer. Digital photographs of the samples were taken in natural light. The images were processed on a computer to obtain the components values of two color models � RGB and Lab. As a "zero" approximation, the simplest analytical dependence (linear) of temperature on humidity (and vice versa) was studied. The coefficients of calculated linear dependences are compared with the corresponding coefficients of direct processing of experimental data. Indexes and colors of reference pattern are recommended when processing similar laboratory experiments and field studies directly on the dusting object. It was shown that the minimum deviations for the dependences of temperature on humidity correspond to the redness index in the RGB method and the black reference pattern in the Lab method. The minimum deviations for the dependence of humidity on temperature correspond to the saturation index in the RGB method and the black reference pattern in the Lab method.
ON THE BULGARIAN SKAT RIVER WATERSHED RESERVOIRS CAPABILITY FOR FLOODING RESPONSE
Authors: Chilikova-Lubomirova Mila
Published: October 2023

Flood occurrences outline the Bulgarian Skat river catchment as especially floods risk vulnerable territory. The floods observed there cause serious damages. This indicates that additional preventive and mitigation measures are needed. Part of the measures proposed in the connected to the area Flood Risk Management Plan (FRMP) 2022-2027 envisage changes in the rules for the operation of existing dams. In help of this activity in this material are presented the results of a study aiming determination of the potential opportunities for flood water retention using the existing in the watershed reservoirs. There are 34 reservoirs. Most of them were project and built for irrigation purposes only in the XX century, when the whole watershed was planned for agricultural activities. But as a result of the changed land use nowadays part of lands and irrigation reservoirs capacity volume remains unused. By this moment this possibility has not been envisaged as a mitigation activity. Thus the material can help the decision makers for the further refining of the management practice in the area. The research was carried out according to the author`s methodology, examining three working schemes, with 30%, 50% and 70% of the reservoirs volume. The obtained results specify the potential retention capacity for this specifically indicated cases and can help in further decisionmaking processes and cost-benefit analysis regarding the need of additional measures implementation.
SELECTION OF CONDITIONS FOR CULTIVATION OF MICROALGAE- CARBON SEQESTRATORS
Authors: Glazunova Darina , Gilmutdinova Ilsina , Kuryntseva Polina , Galitskaya Polina , Selivanovskaya Svetlana
Published: October 2023

The use of microalgae as carbon sequestrators requires optimization of the cultivation process. Growth curves for three types of microalgae were plotted. The growth was carried out at different temperatures 30 and 35 ? and with initially different concentrations of inoculum 30 and 3% in order to assess the possibility of growing crops at the lowest cost and with a high yield of a useful product. We used 3 strains of microalgae - potential sequestrators. The introduction of the inoculum at a dose of 30% led to an acceleration of the growth curve reaching a plateau on day 5 at an incubation temperature of 30 ?. At a dose of 3% inoculum, growth is uniform for all species at 30 degree Celsius, while at 30% inoculation, Strain 2 shows a decrease in optical density and growth retardation. It is likely that the reasons for growth restriction are either due to a lack of nutrients for a given species, which leads to intraspecific competition. It was found that the temperature of 35 ? for Strain 3 was optimal, the growth curve quickly reached a plateau and reached a higher optical density. Increasing the dose of inoculum at 35 ? did not lead to a significant increase in optical density. Thus, from an economic point of view, it is optimal to grow microalgae at 35 ? and an inoculum dose of 3%.
STRATEGIC PROJECT MANAGEMENT OF POST-MINING LANDSCAPES
Authors: Ameir Omar , Belica Josef , Piecha Marian , Grycz Ondrej , Pszczolka Jan
Published: October 2023

Strategic management and management in general as well as the form of behavioral management of post-mining landscapes is a very important question of how to meaningfully use brownfields that will arise after the end of fossil fuel extraction. The authors of the presented article focused on these revitalization areas in the form of project management from the perspective of strategies for suitable locations. These localities are very important for the further development of the area, and related to this are the possibilities of financing not only from domestic sources, but also from the sources of the European Union. An example can be the use of post-mining landscapes in the surrounding countries, although it should be taken into account that the Czech Republic and its post-mining landscapes are very specific localities, and therefore they will be considered in the contribution. utors will present the possible use of selected locations with a form of financing. It goes without saying that emphasis will be placed on the mining traditions of the Moravian-Silesian region in which the sites are located, but the authors will also focus on sites elsewhere in the Czech Republic.
THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATIC CONDITIONS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE JUGLANS REGIA L. IN THE SPRING MONTHS IN SLOVAKIA
Authors: Kiss Vladimir , Barek Viliam , Obrocnik Oliver
Published: October 2023

Several organizations warn of the increase in temperature and the associated extreme climatic conditions for life on Earth. The aim of this article is to point out the influence of climatic conditions on the development of walnut (Juglans regia L.) in the spring months (11.5. � 18.6.) in the years 2018 � 2019, which were above-normal to temperature-normal (compared to the climatic normal 1991 � 2020) and in the years 2021 � 2022, which were below normal temperatures. The impact of the amount of precipitation was also compared. Diameter Dendrometer Small dendrometers (Ecomatik) were used for the research on irrigated and non-irrigated variants. The results showed that in 2018 and 2019, at higher temperatures and also with a short-term lack of precipitation, the increase in averages was higher. However, in the years 2021 and 2022, with the below normal temperature period in the spring and the lack of moisture, especially in the June, with additional irrigation with micro sprinklers did not help, and the increases are low for both the irrigated and non-irrigated variants. Climate change is currently present in all sectors of the economy, and such research is necessary for better adaptation of humans and plants on Earth.
OVERCOMING BARRIERS TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF BUILDING INFORMATION MANAGEMENT (BIM) IN THE CONSTRUCTION COMPANY WITH RESPECT TO THE RISKS
Authors: Kubecka Karel , Nyvlt Vladimir
Published: October 2023

The implementation of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in the construction industry faces various challenges, including the lack of understanding of its broader context. The term BIM is often misinterpreted, with some individuals seeing it only as a 3D modelling tool and not its management aspect, which involves the creation of a BIM database for the entire life cycle of the project. The lack of comprehension of BIM's broader concept limits its potential benefits and hinders its integration. Therefore, there is a need to identify the barriers and propose solutions to promote BIM literacy and digitalisation in the construction industry. The integration of data to avoid duplication and ensure that the method of data integration is appropriate and understandable to all project participants is also investigated. The aim is to propose a suitable solution to overcome both barriers and increase the willingness of all participants involved in construction to digitize their processes and increase the communication skills and BIM literacy of the whole company and individuals and to minimize risks. The responses should contribute to a better understanding of the reasons behind construction companies' reluctance to digitize and progressively introduce BIM processes into their development plans and implement these plans, and how the human factor can be worked with and how to involve workers in the change processes leading to a digitalized knowledge-based construction enterprise. The results of the research emphasised the importance of risk mitigation, with major focus on training and clear developing of goals and priorities in the initial stage.
ESTIMATION OF LAND ASSET AND ECOSYSTEM VALUES IN BROWNFIELDS: SUSTAINABLE VALUATION METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH
Authors: Burlakovs Juris , Vincevica-Gaile Zane , Fonteina-Kazeka Maija , Puzule Elina Paula , Morozova Kamila
Published: October 2023

The circular economy implementation demands following sustainability principles. Any degraded area, including brownfields and dumps, needs planning and assessment for primary reuse in future, whether it is green space, residential area or newly developed industrial center. Brownfields usually are associated with environmental pollution, surrounding contamination, and lost-to-economy abandoned resources. Responsible environmental and social governance principles include evaluation criteria of reclamation options. Ecosystem quality evaluation and land asset valuation are significant, either from the future use aspect, discount value or specific land use not always applicable for direct future benefit discern. The paper summarizes key novel aspects of brownfield recultivation as a tangible land asset integrating intangible ecosystem and cultural revitalization perspectives. The long-term recultivation strategies support reusing any resource, including landscape. The contemporary geographical approach reflects the landscape as a cluster of jointly interacting elements such as soil, biota, climate and human-made changes. In such an integrating framework, economic, social, environmental and cultural aspects are jointly included. Therefore, an estimation of regained land value, restored ecosystem services and recovered space for recreation, sports and culture can be performed. The authors have analyzed how to use set of tools such as land asset evaluation, discounted value and ecosystem services valuation for revitalized landfills that is novel approach.
ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE AND BIOFILM FORMATION OF SOME STAPHYLOCOCCUS SPECIES ISOLATED FROM TRADITIONAL CHEESES
Authors: Moza Alex-Cristian , Tirziu Emil , Nichita Ileana , Bucur Iulia Maria , Obistioiu Diana
Published: October 2023

This research aimed to determine the occurrence of different Staphylococcus spp., in three types of Romanian traditional cheeses made of raw milk, and to establish their antimicrobial resistance profile. Additionally, we have also screened the biofilm forming capacity of the S. aureus isolates. Thus, 25 samples (cow telemea n = 10, sheep telemea n = 5, and cow ca? n = 10) were collected from local small producers that sell in urban fresh markets in Timi? county. A total of 64% (16/25) of the examined samples were positive. The bacterial strains were isolated on Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) medium, then Baird-Parker medium was used to emphasize the coagulase activity. Furthermore, using the Vitek 2 Compact equipment, 17 strains were identified and included in 4 species of Staphylococcus genus, respectively one coagulase-positive (CPS) represented by Staphylococcus aureus 52.97% (9/17), and 3 coagulase-negative (CNS) comprised of S. epidermidis 23.52% (4/17), S. chromogenes 11.76% (2/17) and S. saprophyticus 11.76% (2/17). Disc diffusion method showed that the S. aureus isolates presented more resistance towards penicillin (100%), erythromycin, oxacillin, gentamicin, tetracycline (66.66%), and ciprofloxacin, clindamycin (55.55%). CNS isolates were more resistant towards penicillin (83.33%), erythromycin (66.66%), oxacillin (50), and tetracyclin (41.66%). From the total of 9 S. aureus, all were able to produce biofilms with absorbance at 570 nm.
COPPER CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF FRUITS
Authors: Bordean Despina-Maria , Rivis Adrian , Alda Simion , Cristea Teodor , Radulescu Laura
Published: October 2023

Copper has a fantastic role in the organism, indifferent if its mammalian, plant, bacteria or yeast, functioning as a cofactor in enzymes involved in various processes. In agriculture, different copper compounds are used as fungicide to protect plants from fungal diseases. In humans the role of copper is also crucial, as it is an essential trace element being involved in many processes as well as a cofactor for several enzymes involved in antioxidant defense, iron metabolism, and neurotransmitter synthesis, playing additionally a role in the immune system, helping to fight infections and inflammation. But excessive copper intake can be toxic for all organisms from plants, to humans and microorganisms.
The aim of the study was to answer the question �is there any correlation between copper content and total antioxidant activity?� In order to answer to the questions, we decided to evaluate the copper content and total antioxidant capacity of some fruits cultivated in Romania. The analysis methods were: atomic absorption spectrometry for determining copper content and CUPRAC method for determining total antioxidant capacity. The experimental data were compared with the data values available in different research papers and databases. The paper also tries to answer to questions like �to what extend is copper healthy for humans?� and �do we really need to use food supplements containing copper?� The results were analyzed using MVSP and PAST programs and the results were represented graphically for a better understanding. Also, the GLM of fruits were created based on copper content (ppm) and total antioxidant capacity (?M Trolox Equivalents).
MANUFACTURE, PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND SENSORY EVALUATION OF ARTISANAL NOODLES ENRICHED WITH BROTH AND SPINACH
Authors: Heghedus Mindru Ramona Cristina , Kiss Andreea Annemarie , Velciov Ariana Bianca , Orboi Dora Manuela , Heghedus Mindru Gabriel
Published: October 2023

Pasta, is an unleavened, dry food produced from flour, water and eggs and other additions such as vegetables, fruits.
In this paper on the basis of the technology and recipe of its own manufacture, two types of wide noodles with broth and wide noodles with spinach were obtained. Based on the methods of the quality standards, the samples of noodles were evaluated physicochemical from the point of view of the water content, as well as the content of protein and ash substances. The results obtained by physicochemical analysis were compared with the results obtained by other researchers in the field. At the same time, a sensory analysis of samples of wide noodles with broth and wide noodles with spinach, own production, was performed versus other pasta with the same characteristics, purchased in stores in Timisoara, Romania. The method used for sensory analysis was "comparison with unitary scoring scales" where the following characteristics were evaluated: the appearance of pasta, the color of pasta, the boiling behavior of pasta, the smell and taste of pasta.
RESEARCH ON THE AEROBIC BACTERIAL FLORA ISOLATED FROM CATTLE WITH CLINICAL ENDOMETRITIS
Authors: Iancu Ionica , Herman Viorel , Nichita Ileana , Gligor Alexandru
Published: October 2023

In cattle, uterine infections are one of the major causes of reproductive disorders. These bacterial infections are frequently treated with antibiotics, but their effectiveness must be evaluated, due to the continuous emergence of bacterial strains with multiple drug resistances. The research was conducted on several 190 samples from cows with a presumptive diagnosis of endometritis. The exploitation technology practiced at this farm is the free stall type. Samples were collected using sterile swabs and transported under appropriate conditions to the laboratory. The definitive identification of suspected etiological agents was made with the help of diagnostic kits: API 20 E - for the identification of pathogens from the Enterobacteriaceae family, API Staph - for the identification of staphylococci (API - Analytical Profile Index). Out of the total 190 processed samples, more than half of them were gram-negative bacteria, 105 strains (55.26%) and 85 strains (44.74%) were gram-positive bacteria. From the 190 samples collected from cows with endometritis, 95 strains of Escherichia coli (50%), 20 strains of Staphylococcus spp. (10.52%), 37 strains of Klebsiella spp. (19.47%) were isolated, 19 strains of Streptococcus spp. (10%) 19 strains of Pseudomonas spp. (10%). The isolated strains had similar behavior, being sensitive to enrofloxacin, florfenicol, gentamicin, and lincospectin at 94.44%. Most of the gram-positive bacterial strains showed sensitivity to ceftiofur, cefoxitin, and cefotaxime. Among gram-negative bacterial strains, resistance to amoxicillin / clavulanic acid was found to be 100%, penicillin at 77%, and ampicillin at 72%. Among the gram-positive bacterial strains, 78.57% penicillin and 71.43% amoxicillin/clavulanic acid resistance were found.
STUDY OF THE RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SOME TYPES OF SAUSAGES
Authors: Stef Ducu-Sandu , Bucicoi Nicoleta , Rivis Adrian , Stef Lavinia , Heghedus-Mindru Ramona
Published: October 2023

The purpose of the paper was to assess the rheological properties of some kinds of sausages from the local market. Three different kinds of sausages were chosen: Cabanos (CS), Peasant (PS) and Grill (GS). In order to analyze the viscoelastic characteristics stress relaxation tests were run on the above food at the room temperature. With the "Origin" program, the graphic part was made, obtaining for each three compression curves. From these curves were calculated the compression module (or elasticity module or Young) as well as the energy required for compression. Comparing the compression curves of all three types of sausages, it is noticed that the highest values of the compression tension, corresponding to a specific deformation ? = 0.2, were noticed in the case of Cabanos sausages (162.0-174.2 kPa), followed by Grill sausages (58.3-89.7 kPa) and the Peasent sausages (60.78-78.31 kPa). The value for the compression stress at the end of compression ranged between: 10-13 kPa for PS; 28-34 kPa for CS and 7.8-14.3 kPa for GS. The energy required for the 20% compression of the Cabanos sausages, 2.24�0.31 KJ�kg-1 was more than two times higher than the same energy obtained for the Peasent sausages (0.87�0.13 KJ�kg-1) respectively the Grill sausages (0.69�0.33 KJ�kg- 1). The relaxation tests were performed in continuation of the compression tests by measuring the variation in time of the force necessary to maintain the compressed sample at a deformation of ? = 0.2 (compression of 20%). It was found substantial differences between the relaxation times distribution curves of the investigated sausages.