bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictive Sentence Processing at Speed: Evidence from Online Mouse Cursor Tracking
Authors: Kukona Anuenue
Published: April 2023

Three online mouse cursor‐tracking experiments investigated predictive sentence processing at speed. Participants viewed visual arrays with objects like a bike and kite while hearing predictive sentences like, “What the man will ride, which is shown on this page, is the bike,” or non‐predictive sentences like, “What the man will spot, which is shown on this page, is the bike.” Based on the selectional restrictions of “ride” (i.e., vs. “spot”), participants made mouse cursor movements to the bike before hearing the noun “bike.” Compellingly, this effect was observed at speech rates of ∼3 (Experiment 1), ∼6 (Experiment 2), and ∼9 (Experiment 3) syllables/s. While prior research suggests striking limits on prediction, these results highlight temporal dynamics that may impact comprehenders’ ability to preactivate information when hearing impressively rapid speech. Implications for theories of sentence processing are discussed.
Cytological findings in a case of endocrine mucin‐producing sweat gland carcinoma with metastasis to salivary glands
Authors: Chang Min‐Hsiang , Wu Chien‐Hui
Published: April 2023

Endocrine mucin‐producing sweat gland carcinoma (EMPSGC) was previously considered an indolent skin tumour without metastasis. This report describes a case of metastatic EMPSGC affecting left parotid and submandibular glands, and its features on aspiration cytology.
Explainable fault prediction using learning fuzzy cognitive maps
Authors: Mansouri Taha , Vadera Sunil
Published: April 2023

IoT sensors capture different aspects of the environment and generate high throughput data streams. Besides capturing these data streams and reporting the monitoring information, there is significant potential for adopting deep learning to identify valuable insights for predictive preventive maintenance. One specific class of applications involves using Long Short‐Term Memory Networks (LSTMs) to predict faults happening in the near future. However, despite their remarkable performance, LSTMs can be very opaque. This paper deals with this issue by applying Learning Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (LFCMs) for developing simplified auxiliary models that can provide greater transparency. An LSTM model for predicting faults of industrial bearings based on readings from vibration sensors is developed to evaluate the idea. An LFCM is then used to imitate the performance of the baseline LSTM model. Through static and dynamic analyses, we demonstrate that LFCM can highlight (i) which members in a sequence of readings contribute to the prediction result and (ii) which values could be controlled to prevent possible faults. Moreover, we compare LFCM with state‐of‐the‐art methods reported in the literature, including decision trees and SHAP values. The experiments show that LFCM offers some advantages over these methods. Moreover, LFCM, by conducting a what‐if analysis, could provide more information about the black‐box model. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time LFCMs have been used to simplify a deep learning model to offer greater explainability.
Evaluation of feature selection methods utilizing random forest and logistic regression for lung tissue categorization using HRCT images
Authors: Vishraj Rashmi , Gupta Savita , Singh Sukhwinder
Published: April 2023

Categorization of lung tissue patterns with interstitial lung diseases (ILD) utilize high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) lung images of the TALISMAN dataset which is challenging due to high intra‐class variation and inter‐class ambiguity. To tackle this, major contributions are made in three aspects. First, a novel shape‐based feature is proposed to quantify the amount of fibrotic and nodular components in a lung tissue pattern which helps to minimize intra‐class variation and inter‐class ambiguity. Second, we address the curse of dimensionality which often arises due to huge feature space. Third, to prevent an overfitting issue, the Grid Search optimization algorithm is utilized by tuning the Random Forest hyper‐parameters. In this manuscript, a framework is proposed to categorize lung tissue patterns by integrating four types of feature domains (a) intensity‐based, (b) texture‐based, (c) wavelet‐based, and (d) shape‐based along with the novel shape‐based feature. As a result, we encounter a large feature space (i.e., ), which leads to high dimensionality. To address this issue, we reduce the feature space using filter‐based f‐statistic, reliefF, minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance (mRMR), and embedded‐based decision trees, regularization models. We found that the regularization model shrinks the feature space by 2.5 times in just 90 s whereas mRMR methods reduce the feature space by 10 times in 13 min. Using the proposed feature set, we employ Random Forest and Logistic Regression as potential classifiers to classify lung tissue patterns. Experiential results reveal that the proposed framework categorizes lung tissue patterns more effectively than state‐of‐the‐art hand‐crafted and deep learning‐based approaches.
Ecological consequences of shifting habitat mosaics within and across years in an intermittent stream
Authors: Moidu Hana , Rodríguez‐Lozano Pablo , Leidy Robert A. , Bogan Michael T. , Grantham Theodore E. , Carlson Stephanie M.
Published: April 2023

Intermittent streams that cease to flow during dry periods represent more than half of the global river network, and are particularly common in arid and semi‐arid regions. They are characterised by high spatial and temporal variability in aquatic habitat, forming a shifting habitat mosaic that supports diverse assemblages of native and endemic species. Climate projections for much of the world predict greater variation in precipitation and increasing drought severity, suggesting a need to better understand species' responses to habitat variability within intermittent stream ecosystems. Here we explored changes in the distribution and abundance of aquatic vertebrates in response to a wide range of annual hydrologic conditions within a Mediterranean‐climate intermittent stream in California.

We conducted wetted habitat and vertebrate abundance surveys during the dry season for 7 years, spanning both extreme wet and extreme dry annual precipitation conditions, and characterised the variation in the size, persistence, and spatial configuration of wetted habitats in relation to the observed abundance and composition of fishes, amphibians, and aquatic reptiles. We characterised the habitat mosaic using a k‐means clustering approach, and identified three habitat types with distinct size, persistence, and connectivity distributions.

We found that some wetted habitat units persisted across all years, regardless of antecedent precipitation, whereas others dried in all but the wettest years. We determined that persistent pools, a subset of wetted habitats present in the stream, supported diverse assemblages of native species even during extreme dry conditions, while transient pools acted as important habitat for particular species and life stages, including a young‐of‐year minnow species. Linear mixed models indicated that species' abundances were influenced by habitat quantity, quality, and connectivity.

Our study ‐ considers intermittent streams as shifting habitat mosaics and uses multi‐year surveys to understand the ecological consequences of habitat variability within and across years to advance our understanding of intermittent stream ecology and the implications of climate change for spatial and temporal patterns of refuge habitat.
De‐municipalisation? Legacies of austerity for England's urban parks
Authors: Smith Andrew , Whitten Meredith , Ernwein Marion
Published: April 2023

Parks are important urban infrastructures that contribute a broad range of health, environmental, social, and economic benefits. Despite this, UK parks' status as non‐statutory services makes them particularly vulnerable to local authority budget cuts. This paper focuses on parks in English cities as these were particularly affected by severe cuts to local government budgets 2010–2019. This period of austerity affected parks provision in various ways, including service reductions, increased reliance on volunteer labour, and pressure to generate commercial revenue. Combined with a series of other factors, including ongoing neoliberalisation, austerity‐driven changes left a range of physical, social, and institutional legacies. This paper explores these using the notion of de‐municipalisation to frame the discussion. The paper is based on an innovative synthesis of research conducted by the authors 2016–2022 and presented at the RGS‐IBG Annual Conference in 2021. The paper identifies that austerity‐driven changes included an experimental ‘shaking up’ of park governance, away from local authorities and with greater involvement from national‐level NGOs. Changes also involved a ‘breaking down’ of municipal management, with responsibility delegated to dedicated parks trusts but also to community groups and volunteers. Ultimately, austerity 2010–2019 altered parks governance, transforming the stewardship and condition of parks, reducing accountability and accessibility, and exacerbating inequities in parks provision. Rather than representing new directions, these changes perpetuate those instigated in previous austerity eras. The noted trend towards de‐municipalisation also reduces parks' capacity to serve as integrated infrastructures – something that may hinder efforts to make cities more sustainable and resilient.
Relational contracting theory and internal audit: Chief audit executives' perspectives on creating and strengthening trust by building credibility and clarity
Authors: Vafaei Elnaz , Singh Hajinder , Scully Glennda , Gilchrist David , Agrawal Prerana
Published: April 2023

Using the lens of relational contracting, we examine internal auditors' efforts in building a relationship of trust with management within the context of operational audits. We gain insights into the day‐to‐day practices of internal auditors by interviewing 28 chief audit executives of internal audit departments across Australia and find that internal auditors undertake numerous measures to demonstrate credibility and provide clarity on their intentions in an attempt to gain managements' respect and confidence. However, we also find that some of the measures auditors undertake in a defensive corporate culture support the notion of ‘trust begets trust’. Consequently, such measures may not only assist in establishing a relational contract with management but also highlight the potential risks to internal auditor independence.
Solute carrier family 11 member 1 genetic polymorphisms rs17235409 and rs3731865 associate with susceptibility to extremity post‐traumatic osteomyelitis in a Chinese Han population
Authors: Jiang Nan , Zhong Yong‐Cong , Lin Qing‐Rong , Song Chen‐Sheng , Yu Bin , Hu Yan‐Jun
Published: April 2023

Genetic variations in the solute carrier family 11 member 1 (SLC11A1) gene have been implicated in developing inflammatory disorders. However, it is still unclear whether such polymorphisms contribute to the pathogenesis of post‐traumatic osteomyelitis (PTOM). Therefore, this study investigated the roles of genetic variations of the SLC11A1 gene (rs17235409 and rs3731865) in PTOM development in a Chinese Han cohort. The SNaPshot method was used for genotyping 704 participants (336 patients and 368 controls) for rs17235409 and rs3731865. Outcomes revealed that rs17235409 increased the risk of PTOM occurrence by dominant (p = .037, odds ratio [OR] = 1.44) and heterozygous models (p = .035, OR = 1.45), implying AG genotype as a risk factor for PTOM development. In addition, patients with AG genotype had relatively higher levels of inflammatory biomarkers than those with AA and GG genotypes, especially for the white blood cell count and C‐reactive protein. Despite no statistically significant differences achieved, rs3731865 may reduce the PTOM susceptibility, suggested by the results of dominant (p = .051, OR = 0.67) and heterozygous (p = .068, OR = 0.69) models. In short, rs17235409 confers an elevated chance of developing PTOM, with AG genotype as a risk factor. Whether rs3731865 involves in the pathogenesis of PTOM requires further investigations.
Analysing Monday discharges to identify lost opportunities for weekend discharge
Authors: Shyu Margaret , Golec Sophia , Anderson Justine , Linker Anne S. , Nguyen Vinh‐Tung , Raucher Beth , Dunn Andrew
Published: April 2023

Lower rates of hospital discharge occur on weekends compared with weekdays. The authors performed a retrospective chart review of Monday discharges from the Hospital Medicine service at an academic hospital over a 3‐month period to identify reasons for delayed discharge despite medical stability. Of 202 eligible patients, 81 (40%) had documentation indicating stability for earlier discharge. Common causes included bed availability or insurance authorisation at a skilled nursing facility, home care services and patient/family disagreement with discharge.
Phenotypic variation in milk fatty acid composition and its association with stearoyl‐CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) gene polymorphisms in Gir cows
Authors: Matosinho Carolina Guimarães Ramos , Fonseca Pablo Augusto de Souza , Peixoto Maria Gabriela Campolina Diniz , Rosse Izinara Cruz , Lopes Fernando César Ferraz , Zózimo Thalia , Filho Aníbal Eugênio Vercesi , Bruneli Frank Ângelo Tomita , Carvalho Maria Raquel Santos , Gama Marco Antonio Sundfeld
Published: April 2023

Individual variation in milk fatty acid (FA) composition has been partially attributed to stearoyl‐CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) gene polymorphisms in taurine breeds, but much less is known for Zebu breeds. This study investigated the phenotypic variation in milk FA composition, and the influence of SCD1 variants on this trait and on milk fat desaturase indices (DI) in Gir cows. The functional impact of SCD1 variants was predicted using bioinformatics tools. Milk and blood samples were collected from 312 cows distributed in 10 herds from five states of Brazil. SCD1 variants were identified through target sequencing, and milk FA composition was determined by gas chromatography. Phenotypic variation in milk FA composition fell within the range reported for taurine breeds, with SCD18 index showing the lowest variation among the DI. Fourteen SCD1 variants were identified, six of which not previously described. Regarding the A293V polymorphism, all cows were homozygous for the C allele (coding for alanine), whereas all genotypes were detected for the second SNP affecting the 293 codon (G > A), with compelling evidence for functional effects. Significant associations (based on raw p‐values) were found between this SNP and C12:0, cis‐9, trans‐11 CLA and short‐chain FA, and between another SNP (rs523411937) and C15:0 and odd‐chain linear FA. A new SNP on Chr26:21277069 was associated with trans‐11 C18:1, cis‐9, trans‐11 CLA, C18:3 n‐3 and n‐3 FA. These findings indicate that SCD1 polymorphisms also contributes to the phenotypic variation in milk FA composition of Gir cows, with potential use in their breeding programmes.
Efficacy of intravenous magnesium for the management of non‐post operative atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Enayati Anees , Gin Julian H. , Sajeev Jithin K. , Cooke Jennifer C. , Carey Patrick , MacPherson Michael , Roberts Louise , Buntine Paul , Teh Andrew W. , Nogic Jason
Published: April 2023

Background

Intravenous magnesium (IV Mg), a commonly utilized therapeutic agent in the management of atrial fibrillation (AF) with rapid ventricular response, is thought to exert its influence via its effect on cellular automaticity and prolongation of atrial and atrioventricular nodal refractoriness thus reducing ventricular rate. We sought to undertake a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the effectiveness of IV Mg versus placebo in addition to standard pharmacotherapy in the rate and rhythm control of AF in the nonpostoperative patient cohort given that randomized control trials (RCTs) have shown conflicting results.

Methods

Randomized controlled trials comparing IV Mg versus placebo in addition to standard of care were identified via electronic database searches. Nine RCTs were returned with a total of 1048 patients. Primary efficacy endpoints were study‐defined rate control and rhythm control/reversion to sinus rhythm. The secondary endpoint was patient experienced side effects.

Results

Our analysis found IV Mg in addition to standard care was successful in achieving rate control (odd ratio [OR] 1.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13−3.11, p = .02) and rhythm control (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.04−2.03, p = .03). Although not well reported among studies, there was no significant difference between groups regarding the likelihood of experiencing side effects.

Conclusions

IV Mg, in addition to standard‐of‐care pharmacotherapy, increases the rates of successful rate and rhythm control in nonpostoperative patients with AF with rapid ventricular response and is well tolerated.
Subjective and objective experiences of childhood adversity: a meta‐analysis of their agreement and relationships with psychopathology
Authors: Francis Emma R. , Tsaligopoulou Anna , Stock Sarah E. , Pingault Jean‐Baptiste , Baldwin Jessie R.
Published: April 2023

Background

Researchers use both subjective self‐report and objective measures, such as official records, to investigate the impact of childhood adversity on psychopathology. However, it is unclear whether subjective and objective measures of childhood adversity (a) show agreement, and (b) differentially predict psychopathology.

Method

To address this, we conducted a pre‐registered meta‐analysis to examine the agreement between subjective and objective measures of childhood adversity, and their prediction of psychopathology. We searched in PubMed, PsycINFO and Embase for articles with both subjective measures (self‐reports) and objective measures of childhood adversity (comprising official records, or reports from multiple informants unrelated to the target individual), and measures of psychopathology.

Results

We identified 22 studies (n = 18,163) with data on agreement between subjective and objective measures of childhood adversities, and 17 studies (n = 14,789) with data on the associations between subjective and objective measures with psychopathology. First, we found that subjective and objective measures of childhood adversities were only moderately correlated (e.g. for maltreatment, r = .32, 95% CI = 0.23–0.41). Second, subjective measures of childhood adversities were associated with psychopathology, independent of objective measures (e.g. for maltreatment, r = .16, 95% CI = 0.09–0.22). In contrast, objective measures of childhood adversities had null or minimal associations with psychopathology, independent of subjective measures (e.g. r for maltreatment = .06, 95% CI = −0.02–0.13).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that the effects of childhood adversity on psychopathology are primarily driven by a person's subjective experience. If this is the case, clinical interventions targeting memories and cognitive processes surrounding childhood adversity may reduce the risk of psychopathology in exposed individuals.
Cost‐effectiveness of COVID‐19 vaccination: A systematic review
Authors: Fu Yaqun , Zhao Jingyu , Han Peien , Zhang Jiawei , Wang Quan , Wang Qingbo , Wei Xia , Yang Li , Ren Tao , Zhan Siyan , Li Liming
Published: April 2023

Objective

The COVID‐19 vaccination strategy has been widely used to protect population health worldwide. This study aims to summarize the cost‐effectiveness evidence of economic evaluation of COVID‐19 vaccination strategies to provide evidence supporting the usage of COVID‐19 vaccination, especially where the supply of COVID‐19 vaccine is limited.

Methods

A systematic literature review was performed by searching both English and Chinese databases, including PubMed, Embase, Science Direct, Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, and CNKI. Articles published from January 1, 2020 to August 1, 2022 (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022355442).

Results

Of the 1035 papers identified, a total of 28 English studies that met the preset criteria were included. COVID‐19 vaccination and booster vaccination were cost‐effective or cost‐saving regardless of the vaccine type; vaccine efficacy, vaccine price, vaccine supply or prioritization, and vaccination pace were the influential factors of cost‐effectiveness among different population groups. When supply is adequate, mass vaccination should be encouraged, while when supply is inadequate, prioritizing the high risk and the elderly is more cost‐effective.

Conclusions

COVID‐19 vaccination strategies are economically favorable in a wide range of countries and population groups, and further research on suitable strategies for booster COVID‐19 vaccination is needed.
Oxford cognitive screen: A critical review and independent psychometric evaluation
Authors: Murphy Donnchadh , Cornford Emily , Higginson Alice , Norman Alyson , Long Rebecca , Noad Rupert
Published: April 2023

The Oxford cognitive screen (OCS) is a stroke‐specific cognitive screening assessment. Although the test developers have provided psychometric information for the assessment, the OCS has received minimal external scrutiny, with which to triangulate the underpinning psychometrics. The purpose of this study is to provide a critical review and independent validation of the OCS. This study analysed data from an anonymised clinical database, which consisted of 316 patients who were assessed using the OCS on an Acute Stroke Unit. The rates of impairment on tests of memory and receptive communication were lower than expectation, suggesting that these subtests may be relatively insensitive. Patients with aphasia were more likely to be unable to categorised as impaired on non‐language tests, suggesting that they remain sensitive to language processing or non‐dominant hand usage. Some of the subtests of the OCS achieve high retest reliability, which makes them good candidates for measuring cognitive change over time. Although the OCS has many advantages, it is also important to adequately consider its limitations, that is insensitivity to memory problems, the potential confounding impact of non‐dominant hand usage, and the potential that some tests may sample overall cognitive ability instead of domain‐specific functioning.
A comparative probabilistic analysis of human and chimpanzee rotator cuff functional capacity
Authors: MacLean Kathleen F. E. , Langenderfer Joseph E. , Dickerson Clark R.
Published: April 2023

Computational musculoskeletal modeling represents a valuable approach to examining biological systems in physical anthropology. Probabilistic modeling builds on computational musculoskeletal models by associating mathematical distributions of specific musculoskeletal features within known ranges of biological variability with functional outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine if overlap in rotator cuff muscle force predictions would occur between species during the performance of an evolutionarily relevant horizontal bimanual arm suspension task. This necessitated creating novel probabilistic models of the human and chimpanzee glenohumeral joint through augmentation of previously published deterministic models. Glenohumeral musculoskeletal features of anthropological interest were probabilistically modeled to produce distributions of predicted human and chimpanzee rotator cuff muscle force that were representative of the specific anatomical manipulations. Musculoskeletal features modeled probabilistically included rotator cuff origins and deltoid insertion, glenoid inclination, and joint stability. Predicted human rotator cuff muscle force distributions were mostly limited to alternating between infraspinatus and teres minor, with both 100% and 0% muscle force predicted for both muscles. The chimpanzee model predicted low‐to‐moderate muscle force across all rotator cuff muscles. Rotator cuff muscle force predictions were most sensitive to changes of muscle origins and insertions. Results indicate that functional rotator cuff overlap is unlikely between chimpanzees and humans without greater modifications of the glenohumeral musculoskeletal phenotypes. The results also highlight the low efficacy of the human upper extremity in overhead, weight‐bearing tasks, and propensity for rotator cuff injury.
Furlough and Household Financial Distress during the COVID‐19 Pandemic*
Authors: Görtz Christoph , McGowan Danny , Yeromonahos Mallory
Published: April 2023

We study how being furloughed affects household financial distress during the COVID‐19 pandemic in the United Kingdom. Furlough increases the probability of late housing and bill payments by 30% and 19%, respectively. At the aggregate level, furlough increases the incidence of financial distress by 3.38 percentage points. To offset furlough‐induced income reductions, individuals significantly reduce consumption and spend savings. Relative to unemployment, the potential alternative in the absence of a furlough scheme, furlough reduces the incidence of financial distress by 95%. Estimates show an 80% government contribution to furloughed workers' wages minimizes the incidence of financial distress at the lowest cost to taxpayers.
Upper limb cranking asymmetry during a Wingate anaerobic test in wheelchair basketball players
Authors: Brassart Florian , Faupin Arnaud , Hays Arnaud , Bakatchina Sadate , Alberca Ilona , Watelain Eric , Weissland Thierry
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Interlimb asymmetry of strength and/or motor coordination could limit the performance of wheelchair athletes or increase their risk of injury. Studies of interlimb asymmetry in the lower limbs have shown high between‐subject variability that does not depend on the side of dominance and that does not change with fatigue. Upper limb asymmetry is particularly large in manual wheelchair athletes with a lower degree of impairment. The aim of this study was to evaluate interlimb asymmetry of forces developed during an upper limb Wingate anaerobic test, the effects of fatigue on force, and differences between high‐ and low‐point players.

Method

Twenty‐five wheelchair basketball players (13 females and 12 males) of male and female national French teams performed a 30s anaerobic Wingate test on an arm ergometer. Participants were classified into two functional categories, high‐point (classed from 3 to 4.5) and low‐point (classed from 1 to 2.5), according to the International Wheelchair Basketball Federation classification. Left and right arm forces were measured during the pushing and pulling phases at peak power, 10s, and the end of the 30s test.

Results

Upper limb asymmetry changed with fatigue during each phase. Force asymmetry differed between peak power, 10s and 30s, with no consistent increase or decrease. Asymmetry did not differ significantly between low‐ and high‐point players but tended to be greater in high‐point players. Asymmetry tended to be greater in the females, with significant differences between the males and females in the push phase.

Conclusion

Inter‐subject variability was high, but forces were asymmetric for most participants, especially females. The Wingate anaerobic test could highlight problematic asymmetries that might impact daily life or sports performance.
Preschool‐aged children's responses to unfairness and subsequent sharing behavior in dyadic contexts
Authors: Kim Emily , LoBue Vanessa , Van de Walle Gretchen
Published: April 2023

Recent research implicates the importance of social and contextual factors in children's fair behavior. Here, we explored the social and emotional influences that might contribute to fair behavior in young children. We examined 79 pairs of 3‐ to 5‐year‐old children (N = 158; 85 female; M = 4.3 years; Range = 3.03–5.54) in a naturalistic sharing interaction to measure their verbal, emotional, and behavioral responses to an unfair distribution of rewards, as well as their subsequent sharing behavior. Children who received fewer rewards responded verbally, behaviorally, and emotionally as predicted, protesting the unfair distribution. However, children who received more rewards either failed to notice their partner's responses, or they failed to consider these responses when given the chance to behave prosocially and correct the unfair distribution. The only cue that predicted prosociality was a negative affective response from the disadvantaged peer.
High lysyl oxidase expression is an indicator of poor prognosis in dogs with cutaneous mast cell tumours
Authors: Joselevitch Julia Antongiovanni , Vargas Thiago Henrique Moroni , Pulz Lidia Hildebrand , Cadrobbi Karine Germano , Huete Greice Cestari , Nishiya Adriana Tomoko , Kleeb Silvia Regina , Xavier José Guilherme , Strefezzi Ricardo De Francisco
Published: April 2023

Mast cell tumour (MCT) is one of the most frequent skin tumours in dogs. Due to their unpredictable biological behaviour, MCTs often cause several therapeutic frustrations, leading to investigation regarding prognostic markers. Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is an enzyme that promotes extracellular matrix stability and contributes to cell migration, angiogenesis and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition. Its expression positively correlates with poor prognoses in several human and canine mammary cancers. The aim of this study was to characterise the immunohistochemical expression of LOX in MCT samples and compare it with histological grading and post‐surgical survival. Twenty‐six tumours were submitted to immunohistochemistry for LOX expression evaluation. All samples were positive for LOX, with variable percentages of cytoplasmic and nuclear positivity. Cytoplasmic positivity was significantly higher in high‐grade MCTs (P = .0297). Our results indicate that high expression of cytoplasmic LOX in neoplastic mast cells is an indicator of poor prognosis for canine cutaneous MCTs.
Shear wave elastography (SWE) for the measurement of lens elasticity in the context of monitoring a presbyopia treatment by ultrasonic cavitation
Authors: Ganeau Alice , LEGRAND François , Laloy-Borgna Gabrielle , Lafon Cyril , Lafond Maxime , Catheline Stefan
Published: April 2023

Presbyopia is a progressive loss of accommodation capacity due to a rigidification of the lens. In order to prove the efficiency of ultrasonic cavitation to soften the lens, curvilinear SWE has been developed. It is a method to measure stiffness based on the tracking of surface waves on the outer layer of lens. Experimental models have been implemented: flat phantoms and beads made of 10% and 15% of porcine gelatin and finally porcine lenses (young: 6 months and old: 1 to 6 years). A mechanical vibrator created vibrations (0.1–3.5kHz) and an ultrafast ultrasound imaging system was used to track the propagating waves. From the curvature of the frequency domain of the cross-correlated displacement field, the wavelength and velocity were computed. Experimental models enable to validated the method with dispersion curves substantially different between both concentrations. Results in lenses are similar: a dispersion curve highly dependent of the frequency, reflecting the complexity of elastic wave propagating in a multilayered medium surrounded by a membrane. To retrieve quantitative elasticity data, advanced numerical models have to be developed. This method will be applied on lenses treated by cavitation to assess its potential for treating presbyopia.
Modulation of the blood-retina-barrier permeability by focused ultrasound: Computational and experimental approaches
Authors: Bleker Sam , Zhang Yuanlin , Allen John S. , Ranaei Pirmardan Ehsan , Hafezi-Moghadam Ali , Russmann Christoph
Published: April 2023

The blood-retina-barrier (BRB) is a critical barrier that protects the retinal neurons. It selectively regulates the permeability of molecules, responds to pathologies, and modulates disease progression. While the BRB prevents harmful molecules from the blood from affecting the neurons and is thus essential for retinal health, it also poses a hurdle for therapeutic agents and impedes treatment. The goals are a non-invasive and well-defined transient increase of the BRB’s permeability by mechanical microscale-induced forces, to visualize the permeability change in real-time, and to computationally model the process for an improved understanding and control of the dynamics of larger molecules passage through the BRB. Our approach combines in vivo animal experiments with computational modeling in silico. The in vivo results are used to continuously and iteratively optimize the COMSOL model. In order to modulate BRB’s permeability, we developed a prototype acoustic lens assembly based on COMSOL simulation calculations for the delivery of ultrasonic pressure waves to targeted regions in the retina under optical guidance by light-based imaging. Our data indicate that lower energy focused ultrasound at a PRFP close to 0.8 MPa rapidly increases the permeability of the retinal vessels in a fashion that can be depicted in a real-time fluorescein angiography.
Topology optimization of wave-focusing waveguide acoustic black holes
Authors: Berggren Martin , Mousavi Abbas , Hägg Linus , Wadbro Eddie
Published: April 2023

The acoustic black hole, as first proposed by Mironov for beams and plates, provides broadband wave focusing, exploitable for energy harvesting, for weak signal sensing, and as a strategy to minimize the amount of damping material needed for efficient, broadband damping. There have been a few suggestions aimed at providing an analogous device for acoustics in air. However, although these waveguide devices may work fine as broadband absorbers, their operational mechanism is decidedly different from their structural counterparts. Instead of providing wave focusing, all published devices seem to rely on the creation of resonances occurring increasingly closer to the waveguide entrance for increasing frequency. To explore a much larger class of possible designs than previously examined, we here apply a gradient-based material distribution topology optimization method. The optimization objective is a broadband maximization of power in a small region towards the end of the waveguide. We demonstrate that with this tool, it is indeed possible to design broadband true wave-focusing waveguides. These are geometrically much more complex than the previously proposed ones, a complexity that nevertheless efficiently can be handled by a recently developed gradient-based optimization method, able to accommodate also visco-thermal boundary-layer losses.
In situ measurements of compressional and shear wave speed from the New England Mud Patch and Shelf Break using the Acoustic Coring System
Authors: Garcia Dante D. , Ballard Megan , Lee Kevin M. , Wilson Preston S. , McNeese Andrew R. , Venegas Gabriel R. , Chaytor Jason , Braithwaite Edward F. , Griffith Samuel
Published: April 2023

In situ measurements of geoacoustic properties provide direct characterization of the seabed at near ambient conditions. The Acoustic Coring System (ACS) is a gravity corer equipped with acoustic probes that obtain in-situ compressional wave (30–200 kHz) and shear wave (400–1200 Hz) measurements as the corer penetrates the seabed. During the April 2022 R/V Endeavor coring survey, the ACS was deployed at 36 locations within the New England Mud Patch and New England Shelf Break areas. Data from these measurements will be presented to characterize the depth-dependent structure of the geoacoustic seabed properties as well as their spatial variability. The in-situ measurements will be interpreted in the context of stratigraphic layering measured by a seismic survey. Depth-dependentprofiles of compressional speed from a subset of these deployments in the NEMP will be compared to profiles previously collected at nearby locations in 2016. In situ compressional wave records from both areas will be compared with ex-situ sediment core measurements, including data collected from core loggers and laboratory analyses. Finally, preliminary shear speed results will be discussed. [Work sponsored by ONR.]
Experimental demonstration of 3D passive cavitation imaging using adaptive beamforming
Authors: Nicolas Barbara , Varray François , Bera Jean-Christophe , sivadon Audrey , Gilles Bruno
Published: April 2023

Interest in passive cavitation imaging has increased in recent years with the development of cavitation-based treatments. Using cross-spectral matrix formalism, adaptive beamformers, such as Capon beamforming, MUSIC, and p-DAS, have been adapted to 2D passive cavitation imaging (PAM) (Polichetti et al., 2020). More recently, we adapted this formalism in 3D to enhance the resolution of PAM using a commercial imaging array. Three beamformers have been extended in both 3D and the Frequency Domain: the DAS beamformer, the Robust Capon Beamformer (RCB) and the MidWay (MW) beamformer. A random sparse array configuration of a multiplexed commercial 2D array is used to reduce the number of channels used for the acquisition and to reconstruct 3D-PAM without degrading the quality of the reconstructed images. Such an approach allows for achieving a versatile well-resolved PAM using conventional research systems. In an experimental situation, the cavitation is initiated by a HIFU transducer at the tip of a needle and monitored with a high-speed camera confirming the presence of cavitation. This initial work allows us to envisage a possible future for 3D cavitation imaging using adaptive algorithms and sparse probes.
Language dependent cue-weighting of tone cues in speech and non-speech stimuli
Authors: Liu Zhenting , Lai Regine
Published: April 2023

Previous research on tone perception has identified several important pitch related cues including average pitch height (AH), contour, onset and offset, and the weighting of these cues has shown to be language dependent. However, since multiple pitch cues are covarying with each other, few studies have directly compared relative importance of these cues. It is also not clear whether there is a same ranking of cues in speech and non-speech stimuli. The current study aims to tease apart the relative role of each cue using AX discrimination. Four pairs of tone contrasts with minimal pitch differences were created. Tone contrasts within contour condition are two level tones with 7 Hz differences. Tone contrasts within AH, onset and offset conditions have one rising tone and one falling tone sharing the same AH, onset and offset respectively. If one cue is important, then when this cue is kept constant, variation in other cues should be hard to perceive. 48 Mandarin speakers and 48 Cantonese speakers were recruited. Results showed highest importance of AH for both Mandarin and Cantonese listeners and higher importance of contour (offset) than onset for Mandarin (Cantonese) listeners in speech stimuli. This ranking was not held for nonspeech stimuli.
The effect of gas composition on the color Doppler ultrasound twinkling artifact
Authors: Rokni Eric , Simon Julianna C.
Published: April 2023

The twinkling artifact, or twinkling, appears when imaging kidney stones and other mineralizations with Doppler ultrasound and is caused by scattering off crevice microbubbles. Previous work found that twinkling on in vivo kidney stones increased or decreased with elevated oxygen or carbon dioxide, respectively. However, it is unclear whether these results are from biological adaptions to the changing respiratory gas and thus if in vitro mineralizations are similarly affected. Here, cholesterol, calcium phosphate, and uric acid crystals were grown in vitro and imaged in deionized water using a Vantage-128 research ultrasound system with a Philips/ATL L7-4 transducer. Five of each crystal composition were imaged for one minute at different dissolved gas concentrations. By bubbling gas through water, dissolved oxygen ranged from 2 to 20 mg/L while dissolved carbon dioxide ranged from 30 to 290 mg/L. Twinkling on cholesterol crystals increased by 70% and 140% when oxygen and carbon dioxide levels were maximized, respectively. In contrast, twinkling on calcium phosphate and uric acid was not significantly affected by either gas. These results suggest that changes in twinkling from increased gas concentrations are dependent on crystal composition and are likely affected by biological adaptations in vivo. [Work supported by NSF-CAREER-1943937 and NSF-GRFP-DGE1255832.]
Adopting Instructional Models in Physical Education: The Influence of Occupational Socialization
Authors: Malinowski Paul R. , Kern Ben D. , Wallhead Tristan
Published: April 2023

Purpose: To examine the contextual and personal factors that influence teachers’ reported adoption of one or more instructional models (IMs). Methods: Participants (n = 25) were interviewed that reported adopting Sport Education; Teaching Games for Understanding; Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility; and/or Sports, Play, and Active Recreation for Kids in their K-12 curriculum. Results: Viewed through the lens of occupational socialization theory and utilizing constant comparison methodology, the interview data were analyzed and three major themes, each with related subthemes, were developed: (a) IM adoption depends on context and socialization, (b) socializing agents influence IM adherence, and (c) IM implementation is selective. Discussion/Conclusions: Teachers vary in their rationale for adopting one or more IMs, and adherence is frequently a result of principal and student encouragement. Future efforts to disseminate IMs should consider pathways to adoption identified in this study, including teaching conventions, department supervisors, and teaching colleagues.
Unraveling Li growth kinetics in solid electrolytes due to electron beam charging
Authors: Peng Xinxing , Tu Qingsong , Zhang Yaqian , Jun KyuJung , Shen Fengyu , Ogunfunmi Tofunmi , Sun Yingzhi , Tucker Michael C. , Ceder Gerbrand , Scott Mary C.
Published: April 2023

Revealing the local structure of solid electrolytes (SEs) with electron microscopy is critical for the fundamental understanding of the performance of solid-state batteries (SSBs). However, the intrinsic structural information in the SSB can be misleading if the sample’s interactions with the electron beams are not fully understood. In this work, we systematically investigate the effect of electron beams on Al-doped lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide (LLZO) under different imaging conditions. Li metal is observed to grow directly on the clean surface of LLZO. The Li metal growth kinetics and the morphology obtained are found to be heavily influenced by the temperature, accelerating voltage, and electron beam intensity. We prove that the lithium growth is due to the LLZO delithiation activated by a positive charging effect under electron beam emission. Our results deepen the understanding of the electron beam impact on SEs and provide guidance for battery material characterization using electron microscopy.
High-harmonic generation from a subwavelength dielectric resonator
Authors: Zalogina Anastasiia , Carletti Luca , Rudenko Anton , Moloney Jerome V. , Tripathi Aditya , Lee Hoo-Cheol , Shadrivov Ilya , Park Hong-Gyu , Kivshar Yuri , Kruk Sergey S.
Published: April 2023

Higher-order optical harmonics entered the realm of nanostructured solids being observed recently in optical gratings and metasurfaces with a subwavelength thickness. Structuring materials at the subwavelength scale allows us toresonantly enhance the efficiency of nonlinear processes and reduce the size of high-harmonic sources. We report the observation of up to a seventh harmonic generated from a single subwavelength resonator made of AlGaAs material. This process is enabled by careful engineering of the resonator geometry for supporting an optical mode associated with a quasi-bound state in the continuum in the mid-infrared spectral range at around λ = 3.7 μm pump wavelength. The resonator volume measures ~0.1 λ
3
. The resonant modes are excited with an azimuthally polarized tightly focused beam. We evaluate the contributions of perturbative and nonperturbative nonlinearities to the harmonic generation process. Our work proves the possibility to miniaturize solid-state sources of high harmonics to the subwavelength volumes.
A Cross-Inoculation Experiment Reveals that
Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola
and
Nannizziopsis guarroi
Can Each Infect Both Snakes and Lizards
Authors: Gentry Savannah , Lorch Jeffrey M. , Lankton Julia S. , Pringle Anne
Published: April 2023

Our experiment using
Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola
and
Nannizziopsis guarroi
is the first to look more critically at these pathogens’ host range. We are the first to identify that both fungal pathogens can infect both corn snakes and bearded dragons.
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Matrix Protein CdrA Has Similarities to Other Fibrillar Adhesin Proteins
Authors: Reichhardt Courtney
Published: April 2023

The ability of bacteria to adhere to each other and both biotic and abiotic surfaces is key to biofilm formation, and one way that bacteria adhere is using fibrillar adhesins. Fibrillar adhesins share several key characteristics, including (i) they are extracellular, surface-associated proteins, (ii) they contain an adhesive domain as well as a repetitive stalk domain, and (iii) they are either a monomer or homotrimer (i.e., identical, coiled-coil) of a high molecular weight protein.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
uses the fibrillar adhesin called CdrA to promote bacterial aggregation and biofilm formation.
Whole-Genome Sequencing and Annotation of Pediococcus ethanolidurans and Pediococcus pentosaceus Isolates from Commercial Cucumber Fermentation
Authors: Page Clinton A. , Pérez-Díaz Ilenys M.
Published: April 2023

We report the whole-genome sequences, along with annotations, of five
Pediococcus ethanolidurans
and three
Pediococcus pentosaceus
isolates from commercial cucumber fermentations performed in North Carolina (
n
 = 3) and Minnesota (
n
 = 5), USA.
Rhizobium
Phage-Like Microvirus Genome Sequence Identified in Wastewater in Arizona, USA, in November 2020 Encodes an Endolysin and a Putative Multiheme Cytochrome
c
-like Protein
Authors: Chapman Ainsley R. , Wright Jillian M. , Kaiser Nicole A. , Jones Peter M. , Driver Erin M. , Halden Rolf U. , Varsani Arvind , Scotch Matthew , Faleye Temitope O. C.
Published: April 2023

We describe the genome (4,696 nucleotides [GC content, 56%; coverage, 3,641×) of MAZ-Nov-2020, a microvirus identified from municipal wastewater in Maricopa County, Arizona, USA, in November 2020. The MAZ-Nov-2020 genome encodes major capsid protein, endolysin, replication initiator protein, and two hypothetical proteins, one of which was predicted to likely be a membrane-associated multiheme cytochrome
c
.
Draft Genome Sequences of 27 Rhizogenic
Agrobacterium
Biovar 1 Strains, the Causative Agent of Hairy Root Disease
Authors: Kim N. , Vargas P. , Fortuna K. , Wagemans J. , Rediers H.
Published: April 2023

Rhizogenic
Agrobacterium
biovar 1 strains are important plant pathogens that cause hairy root disease in
Cucurbitaceae
and
Solanaceae
crops cultivated under hydroponic conditions. In contrast to tumorigenic agrobacteria, only a few genome sequences of rhizogenic agrobacteria are currently available. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of 27 rhizogenic
Agrobacterium
strains.
Draft Genome Sequences of Bacteria with Cyanocidal Potential Isolated from Eutrophic Waters Associated with Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms
Authors: Lefler Forrest W. , Fernando Brianna , Berthold David E. , Kennedy Alan , Fernando P. U. Ashvin Iresh , Indest Karl J. , Laughinghouse H. Dail
Published: April 2023

Here, we report the draft genome sequences of nine bacterial species isolated from eutrophic waters associated with cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms with cyanocidal potential.