bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parent and Adolescent Agreement for Reports of Life Stressors
Authors: Kushner Shauna C. , Tackett Jennifer L.
Published: October 2015

In this article, we investigated the extent and nature of informant discrepancies on parent- and adolescent self-report versions of a checklist measuring youth exposure to life stressors. Specifically, we examined (a) mean-level differences, relative consistency, and consensus for family-level and youth-specific stressors and (b) the utility of parent–youth discrepancies in accounting for variance in youth temperament and psychopathology. Participants were 106 parent–child dyads (47 male, 59 female; 90.6% mothers) aged 13 to 18 years old ( M = 16.01, SD = 1.29). The results revealed evidence for both congruence and divergence in parent and youth reports, particularly with respect to respondents’ accounts of youth-specific stressors. Discrepancies for youth-specific stressors were associated with adolescents’ negative affectivity, surgency, effortful control, and internalizing problems. Discrepancies for youth stressors may therefore reveal individual differences in emotionality and self-regulation, thus reflecting meaningful variance in adolescents’ functioning.
Medical Cannabis
Authors: Lewis Nehama , Broitman Doron , Sznitman Sharon R.
Published: October 2015

Medical cannabis is a topic of increasing debate. To investigate this issue, we conducted a content analysis of Israeli news coverage of medical cannabis from 2007 to 2013. A deductive framing analysis examined three elite issue frames—medical, policy, and law enforcement. Additionally, inductive analysis revealed a a fourth, nonelite patients’ frame. Each frame was associated with a distinct pattern of textual elements, including portrayal of patients, references to cannabis, opinion about medical cannabis, and salience of scientific research. The most common and most stable frame was the policy frame. Implications for framing theory are discussed.
Political Agenda-Setting in Belgium and the Netherlands
Authors: Sevenans Julie , Vliegenthart Rens
Published: October 2015

This article investigates the role of conflict framing as a moderator of the political agenda-setting effect. Conflict is at the heart of politics: Political debate arises from political actors taking opposing positions. We hypothesize that conflict framing in media coverage enhances the relevance of the news for politicians, who in turn react more to this news in parliament. We test our expectations by looking at media coverage and parliamentary questions in Belgium (1999-2008) and the Netherlands (1995-2011). Pooled time-series analyses demonstrate that conflict framing indeed matters as it strengthens the “basic” political agenda-setting effect from the media on parliamentary questions.
Does Type of Child Risk Affect Whether Mothers Seek Assistance for Intimate Partner Violence From Civil or Criminal Court?
Authors: Palmer Jane E. , Renner Lynette M. , Goodman Lisa A. , Dutton Mary Ann
Published: October 2015

We examined whether risks to children of intimate partner violence survivors affected the type of legal assistance accessed. We hypothesized that the level and type of perceived child risk would be associated with whether women sought a protection order in civil court or filed charges against a current or former intimate partner in criminal court. Using data from a sample of predominantly African American women (N=293), we found that some forms of child risk were positively associated with seeking a civil order of protection but negatively associated with pressing criminal charges. Implications for practice, policy, and future research are presented.
Effects of nonthermal preservation technologies on antioxidant activity of fruits and vegetables: A review
Authors: Xue Zhaohui , Li Jiaomei , Yu Wancong , Lu Xiaotong , Kou Xiaohong
Published: October 2015

Consumer demand for safe and nutritious fruits and vegetables has given rise to the development of a number of nonthermal food preservation techniques. Recent studies have highlighted that antioxidant activity of fruits and vegetables plays an important role in human health. In this paper, the influences of nonthermal preservation technologies, including pulsed electric field, radiation processing, dense phase carbon dioxide, ozone processing, and edible coatings, on the antioxidant capacity and related compounds in fruits and vegetables are reviewed. The proposed mechanisms and future trends are also discussed to accelerate the further commercialization and exploration of these novel technologies, which will, in turn, help to promote human health.
Experimental and numerical studies of sustainable sandwich bio-composites derived from plant-based resources
Authors: Chan Kyle E , Yong Lisa Aung , Ko Yu-Fu , Mendez Sergio
Published: October 2015

Experimental and numerical studies of sustainable sandwich bio-composites were presented. The bio-composites were developed using plant-based materials. The laminated face sheets comprised woven hemp fabric and a tree sap–based epoxy, while the core comprised castor oil-based polyurethane foam reinforced with waste rice hulls ashes. Uniaxial compression, tension, and three-point flexural bending tests were performed. Finite element models were developed. Good agreements between experimental and numerically simulated flexural responses were found. From numerical simulation results, the sandwich bio-composites were found to be a structurally acceptable replacement for standard gypsum drywall. Further experimental works are needed to validate the applications.
Architecture, symbolic capital and elite mobilisations: The case of the Royal Bank of Scotland corporate campus
Authors: Kerr Ron , Robinson Sarah
Published: October 2015

In this article, we apply the conceptual framework of Pierre Bourdieu, in particular forms of capital, social fields, field of power and modes of domination, to demonstrate how the study of a symbolically powerful building can provide insights into what are often opaque elite interactions. In order to do this, we focus on the corporate campus headquarters of a powerful financial institution, the Royal Bank of Scotland in the context of Scotland in the period 2000–2009. We pose the following questions: What is the relationship between corporate space and the field of power? What role does a corporate building play in circuits of capital conversion? What does this case tell us about the role of architecture in elite mobilisations? In addressing these questions, we contribute to critical organisation studies by identifying and theorising the role of corporate space in inter-elite dynamics and circuits of capital conversion. This approach, we argue, provides a methodological lever which could be applied to other symbolically important buildings in order to understand the nature and role of inter-field interactions in the conception and realisation of such buildings.
Parametric study on energy and thermal performance of school buildings with natural ventilation, hybrid ventilation and air conditioning
Authors: Huang Kuo-Tsang , Hwang Ruey-Lung
Published: October 2015

Most school buildings in Taiwan rely on natural ventilation to maintain thermal comfort. However, many buildings have overheating problems, and air conditioning is commonly used to solve the problem. Although schools are required to provide mechanical cooling when the indoor temperature exceeds 28℃ and maintain the indoor temperature at 28℃ for energy saving purpose, overheating is still a problem yet to be solved. Hybrid ventilation with adaptive comfort model is an effective strategy to ensure thermal comfort and reduce energy. This study aimed to identify the effectiveness of natural ventilation, hybrid ventilation and air conditioning on energy saving and overheating prevention under the climate conditions of Taiwan. The impact of architectural design on cooling energy and thermal comfort of a typical school building were quantified by parametric analysis. Priority parameters for each building condition were proposed as reference. Lastly, suggestions on air conditioning management scheme were proposed to enhance thermal comfort.
Oxytetracycline as a sclerosant in the management of Morel-Lavallee lesions
Authors: George Ajith J , Thomas Aditya B , Samuel Vimalin , Chase Suchita , Nayak Sukria
Published: October 2015

Morel-Lavallee lesions are haemolymphatic collections that occur following blunt trauma. These are due to closed degloving injuries which cause shearing injury deep to the subcutaneous plane, causing disruption of capillaries and lymphatics. This results in a persistent collection containing blood, lymph and necrotic fat. Magnetic resonance imaging is the investigation of choice in the evaluation of these post-traumatic lesions. Early diagnosis and management is beneficial and can avoid infection or skin necrosis. Surgical excision, including complete excision of the capsule of the Morel-Lavalle lesion, is required. For recurrent lesions and to prevent recurrence after the primary excision, oxytetracycline instillation, as a sclerosant, is a novel adjunct and we report two successful cases.
Mortality due to non-existence of child restraint system in India
Authors: Swain Rajanikanta , Pooniya Shashank , Yadav Abhishek , Gupta Sudhir Kumar
Published: October 2015

Road crashes are the leading cause of unnatural death among children all over the world. India tops the global list of fatalities from road crashes and the rate is increasing every year. Children accounted for 6.1% of the total accidental deaths due to motor vehicle crashes in 2013 in India. Despite such high rates of child fatalities in motor vehicle crashes, there is currently no law in India regarding the use of child restraint systems, despite various studies demonstrating that failure to use child restraints is associated with increased fatal injury. According to the World Health Organisation, if correctly installed and used, child restraints reduce deaths among infants by approximately 70% and deaths among small children by 54–80%. It has been made compulsory by law to use child restraint systems in many developed countries such as USA, England, Australia and Canada, but developing countries like India, lack such laws. We report a motor vehicle crash wherein a two-month-old male baby was travelling unrestrained on his mother’s lap in the rear of a car driven by the child’s uncle who was wearing a seatbelt. The crash proved fatal for the baby, who suffered a severe head injury, while the other two occupants of car, both adults, escaped the crash with minor injuries. Child fatality may have been avoided by the use of proper child restraint systems. Strict implementation of existing laws, formulation of new laws regarding child safety and public awareness are necessary to reduce child fatalities in road crashes. Along with this case report are discussed the existing laws of child restraint systems all over the world and the need for implementation of such laws in developing countries like India.
Traumatic pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm with concomitant pulmonary embolism
Authors: Melchior Nicole , Madbak Firas , Sacks David
Published: October 2015

Traumatic pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysms are rare, with only 25 previously documented cases. We present a case of traumatic pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm in a 27-year-old male with concomitant pulmonary embolism which presented eight days after injury. He was treated with coil embolization of the pseudoaneurysm along with inferior vena cava filter placement. This unique case of concomitant traumatic pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm and pulmonary embolism made management challenging given the competing priorities.
Penetrating abdominal trauma from table saw use
Authors: Church Joseph T , Wei Iris H , Raghavendran Krishnan
Published: October 2015

Over 30,000 injuries predominantly to the fingers and hands result from table saw use each year, but penetrating abdominal trauma from table saw use has not been previously described in the English literature. We report the case of a 36-year-old man who was operating a table saw when the blade splintered the wood and propelled it into his abdomen. He removed a large splinter from his skin and presented to the emergency room with severe abdominal pain. He was hemodynamically stable with a negative FAST with two small external wounds and signs of peritonitis. Diagnostic laparoscopy was converted to laparotomy upon visualization of a significant amount of blood in the abdomen. A 22 cm segment of ileum containing 11 enterotomies from wooden projectiles, including one large splinter causing through-and-through injury was resected with a primary anastomosis. He made an uneventful recovery. We discuss this unusual mechanism of penetrating trauma not previously described and the absence of protective technologies that could have prevented this injury.
An analytical study of tribological parameters between piston ring and cylinder liner in internal combustion engines
Authors: Ahmed Ali Mohamed Kamal , Xianjun Hou , Fiifi Turkson Richard , Ezzat Muhammad
Published: October 2015

This paper presents a model to study the effect of piston ring dynamics on basic tribological parameters that affect the performance of internal combustion engines by using dynamics analysis software (AVL Excite Designer). The paramount tribological parameters include friction force, frictional power losses, and oil film thickness of piston ring assembly. The piston and rings assembly is one of the highest mechanically loaded components in engines. Relevant literature reports that the piston ring assembly accounts for 40% to 50% of the frictional losses, making it imperative for the piston ring dynamics to be understood thoroughly. This analytical study of the piston ring dynamics describes the significant correlation between the tribological parameters of piston and rings assembly and the performance of engines. The model was able to predict the effects of engine speed and oil viscosity on asperity and hydrodynamic friction forces, power losses, oil film thickness and lube oil consumption. This model of mixed film lubrication of piston rings is based on the hydrodynamic action described by Reynolds equation and dry contact action as described by the Greenwood–Tripp rough surface asperity contact model. The results in the current analysis demonstrated that engine speed and oil viscosity had a remarkable effect on oil film thickness and hydrodynamic friction between the rings and cylinder liner. Hence, the mixed lubrication model, which unifies the lubricant flow under different ring–liner gaps, is needed via the balance between the hydrodynamic and boundary lubrication modes to obtain minimum friction between rings and liner and to ultimately help in improving the performance of engines.
A review of design considerations for light-duty diesel combustion systems
Authors: Miles Paul C , Andersson Öivind
Published: October 2015

Practical aspects of light-duty diesel combustion system design are reviewed, with an emphasis on design considerations reported by manufacturers and engine design consultancies. The factors driving the selection of compression ratio, stroke-to-bore ratio, and various aspects of combustion chamber geometry are examined, along with the trends observed in these parameters in recently released engines. The interactions among geometric characteristics, swirl ratio, and the fuel injection nozzle parameters are also reviewed.
Qualitative Comparative Analysis, Necessary Conditions, and Limited Diversity
Authors: Cooper Barry , Glaesser Judith
Published: October 2015

We discuss a recent development in the set theoretic analysis of data sets characterized by limited diversity. Ragin, in developing his Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA), developed a standard analysis that produces parsimonious, intermediate, and complex Boolean solutions of truth tables. Schneider and Wagemann argue this standard analysis procedure is problematic and develop an enhanced standard analysis (ESA). We show, by developing Schneider and Wagemann’s discussion of Stokke’s work on fisheries conservation and by discussing a second illustrative truth table, that ESA has problematic features. We consider how scholars might proceed in the face of these problems, considering the relations between limited diversity and the different methods of reducing truth tables instantiated in Ragin’s QCA and Baumgartner’s Coincidence Analysis.
Aquaporins
Authors: Wang Liping , Zhang Yixiang , Wu Xiongzhi , Yu Guohua
Published: October 2015

Aquaporins are a family of integral membrane proteins that are expressed in all living organisms and play vital roles in transcellular and transepithelial water movement. Cell viability and motility are critical for progression of cancer. Cell survival requires the suitable concentration of water and solutes. The balance is largely maintained by aquaporins whose major function is the transport of water and small solutes across the plasma membrane. The important role of aquaporins has received more and more attention in the recent years. A number of recent studies have revealed that aquaporins may be involved in cell migration and angiogenesis. This review will highlight the expression of aquaporins in different malignant neoplasms. Remarkably, we will summarize the influence of drugs on aquaporins, not only the traditional Chinese medicine but also the Western medicine. Therapeutic targeting of aquaporins may thus be advantageous for blocking the mechanism common for a number of key cancer phenotypes.
Chemomodulatory Potential of Flaxseed Oil Against DMBA/Croton Oil–Induced Skin Carcinogenesis in Mice
Authors: Sharma Jyoti , Singh Ritu , Goyal P. K.
Published: October 2015

The present study was conducted to evaluate the potential of flaxseed oil to prevent chemically induced skin cancer in mice. Cancer was induced on 2-stage skin carcinogenesis model by single topical application of 7,12 dimethylbenz [a]anthracene (DMBA), as, initiator, and two weeks later it was promoted by croton oil treatment thrice a week on the dorsal surface of mice for 16 weeks. Flaxseed oil (FSO; 100µL/animal/d) was orally administered 1 week before and 1 week after DMBA application (Peri-initiation stage). The animals of the FSO-administered group showed a significant reduction in tumor incidence (76.67%), cumulative number of tumors (37), tumor yield (3.7), and tumor burden (4.81) when compared with the carcinogen-treated control animals. Biochemical parameters in skin and liver tissue such as LPO and phase I enzymes were significantly ( P < .01) reduced in the FSO-treated experimental group, whereas the phase II enzymes (GST, DT-diaphorase) and antioxidant parameters (GSH, GPx, SOD, catalase, and vitamin C) exhibited a significant ( P < .01) elevation when compared with the animals of the carcinogen-treated control group. Histopathological alterations in the carcinogen-treated control animals were also observed in the form of epidermal hyperplasia, keratinized pearl formation, and acanthosis in skin and tumors, whereas these were found to be reduced after FSO administration. The results of the present study demonstrate that the oral administration of FSO has the potential to modulate the levels of LPO, antioxidants, and detoxification enzymes in the DMBA-croton oil–induced skin carcinogenesis in mice.
A Pilot Examination of Differences in College Adjustment Stressors and Depression and Anxiety Symptoms Between White, Hispanic and White, Non-Hispanic Female College Students
Authors: Holliday Ryan , Anderson Elizabeth , Williams Rush , Bird Jessica , Matlock Alyse , Ali Sania , Edmondson Christine , Morris E. Ellen , Mullen Kacy , Surís Alina
Published: October 2015

Differences in four adjustment stressors (family, interpersonal, career, and academic), and depression and anxiety symptoms were examined between White, non-Hispanic and White, Hispanic undergraduate college female students. White, Hispanic female college students reported significantly greater academic and family adjustment stressors than White, non-Hispanic students. None of the socioeconomic or demographic variables predicted adjustment stress, depression, or anxiety. Findings are discussed in terms of college mental health outreach and future research directions.
Motivation for Staying in College
Authors: Fong Carlton J. , Krause Jaimie M. , Acee Taylor W. , Weinstein Claire Ellen
Published: October 2015

The study investigated motivational differences and higher education outcomes between limited English proficiency (LEP) Hispanic students compared with non-LEP Hispanic students. With a sample of 668 Hispanic community college students, we measured various forms of achievement motivation informed by self-determination theory, grade point average (GPA), and first-semester and 1-year persistence outcomes. Using ANCOVA and logistic regression, we found that LEP students had significantly higher retention rates and levels of external regulation, or motivation out of compliance or extrinsic rewards. Moreover, LEP students with moderate levels of external regulation persisted longer in their first semester of community college. Implications for understanding the complex motivations of Hispanic community college students are discussed.
Does Leader–Member Exchange Accentuate the Relationship Between Leader Behaviors and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors?
Authors: Michel John W. , Tews Michael J.
Published: October 2015

Although the effects of leader behaviors on organizational citizenship behaviors is well documented, research on the leader–subordinate relationship as a boundary condition of this relationship is less clear. Drawing on social exchange and personal identification theories, we demonstrate that leader–member exchange moderates the relationship between relations- and change-oriented leader behaviors and organizational citizenship behaviors. Overall, these findings suggest that how subordinates perceive and respond to leader behaviors depends on the nature of the leader–subordinate relationship. Implications for theory and practice are discussed, and areas for future research are explored.
Changes in Depression Subtypes Among Men in STAR*D: A Latent Transition Analysis
Authors: Ulbricht Christine M. , Dumenci Levent , Rothschild Anthony J. , Lapane Kate L.
Published: October 2015

The burden of depression in men is high. Current diagnostic criteria may not fully capture men’s experience with depression. Descriptions of the heterogeneity in depression among men are lacking. The purpose of the study was to characterize latent subtypes of major depression and changes in these subtypes among men receiving citalopram in Level 1 of the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) trial. Latent transition analysis was applied to data from 387 men who completed baseline and Week 12 study visits in Level 1 of STAR*D. Items from the self-report version of the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology were used as indicators of latent depression subtypes. Four statuses were identified at baseline and Week 12. Baseline statuses were Mild (10% of men), Moderate (53%), Severe with Psychomotor Slowing (20%), and Severe with Psychomotor Agitation (17%). At Week 12, the statuses were Symptom Resolution (41%), Mild (36%), Moderate (18%), and Severe with Psychomotor Slowing (5%). Men in the Mild status were most likely to transition to Symptom Resolution (probability = 69%). Men in the Severe with Agitation status were least likely to transition to Symptom Resolution (probability = 0%). This work highlights the need to not focus solely on summary rating scores but to also consider patterns of symptoms when treating depression.
Transactional Sex With Regular and Casual Partners Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men in the Detroit Metro Area
Authors: Bauermeister José A. , Eaton Lisa , Meanley Steven , Pingel Emily S. ,   On Behalf of the UHIP Partnership
Published: October 2015

Transactional sex refers to the commodification of the body in exchange for shelter, food, and other goods and needs. Transactional sex has been associated with negative health outcomes including HIV infection, psychological distress, and substance use and abuse. Compared with the body of research examining transactional sex among women, less is known about the prevalence and correlates of transactional sex among men. Using data from a cross-sectional survey of young men who have sex with men (ages 18-29) living in the Detroit Metro Area ( N = 357; 9% HIV infected; 49% Black, 26% White, 16% Latino, 9% Other race), multivariate logistic regression analyses examined the association between transactional sex with regular and casual partners and key psychosocial factors (e.g., race/ethnicity, education, poverty, relationship status, HIV status, prior sexually transmitted infections [STIs], mental health, substance use, and residential instability) previously identified in the transactional sex literature. Forty-four percent of the current sample reported engaging in transactional sex. Transactional sex was associated with age, employment status, relationship status, and anxiety symptoms. When stratified, transactional sex with a regular partner was associated with age, educational attainment, employment status, relationship status, anxiety, and alcohol use. Transactional sex with a casual partner was associated with homelessness, race/ethnicity, employment status, and hard drug use. The implications of these findings for HIV/STI prevention are discussed, including the notion that efforts to address HIV/STIs among young men who have sex with men may require interventions to consider experiences of transactional sex and the psychosocial contexts that may increase its likelihood.
Falls and Depression in Men: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Stuart Amanda L. , Pasco Julie A. , Jacka Felice N. , Berk Michael , Williams Lana J.
Published: October 2015

The link between falls and depression has been researched in the elderly; however, little information is available on this association in younger adults, particularly men. This study sought to investigate the link between major depressive disorder (MDD) and falls in a population-based sample of 952 men (24-97 years). MDD was diagnosed utilizing the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Research Version, Non-Patient edition, and categorized as 12-month/past/never. Body mass index and gait were measured; falls, smoking status, psychotropic medication use, and alcohol intake were self-reported as part of the Geelong Osteoporosis Study 5-year follow-up assessment. Thirty-four (3.6%) men met criteria for 12-month MDD, and 110 (11.6%) for past MDD. Of the 952 men, 175 (18.4%) reported falling at least once during the past 12 months. Fallers were older (66 [interquartile range: 48-79] vs. 59 [45-72] years, p = .001) and more likely to have uneven gait ( n = 16, 10% vs. n = 31, 4%, p = .003) than nonfallers. Participants with 12-month MDD had more than twice the odds of falling (age-adjusted odds ratio: 2.22, 95% confidence interval [1.03, 4.80]). The odds of falling were not associated with past depression ( p = .4). Further adjustments for psychotropic drug use, gait, body mass index, smoking status, blood pressure, and alcohol did not explain these associations. Given the 2.2-fold greater likelihood of falling associated with depression was not explained by age or psychotropic drug use, further research is warranted.
Endovascular treatment of occluded and stenotic visceral vessels in patients with chronic mesenteric ischemia
Authors: Christofi Georgia , Donas Konstantinos P , Pitoulias Georgios A , Torsello Giovanni , Schwindt Arne G , Stavroulakis Konstantinos
Published: October 2015

Objective

Current evidence in the literature about endovascular treatment (ET) of visceral vessels in patients with chronic mesenterial ischemia (CMI) based on morphological characteristics is limited. The aim of this study was the evaluation of ET in occluded and stenotic visceral vessels.

Methods

Patients undergoing ET for CMI between November 2000 and November 2012 were included in this retrospective study. Primary measure outcome was the symptom-free survival (SFS). Secondary outcomes were primary (PPR), secondary patency (SPR) rates and technical success rate (TSR). A Cox-regression analysis identified risk factors for the primary and secondary measure outcomes.

Results

Forty patients were included in the present study (men: 21, mean age: 68). The overall number of vessels with intention-to-treat was 62. Fifty-two visceral arteries (18 occlusions and 34 stenoses) were successfully treated by endovascular means. The overall TSR was 84%. Visceral vessel occlusions and atherosclerotic disease of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) were identified as independent risk factors for poorer TSR ( p < 0.05). The 12-month SFS was 60%. The overall 12-month PPR and SPR were 71% and 94%, respectively. No significant differences were observed between occluded and stenotic vessels ( p > 0.05) concerning the PPR. On the other hand, the subgroup analysis revealed higher SPR among occluded visceral vessels ( p < 0.001) and coeliac axis lesions ( p < 0.001).

Conclusions

ET was associated with high incidence of symptoms recurrence despite the satisfying patency rates in both occluded and stenotic vessels. Additionally, visceral vessel occlusion and presence of atherosclerotic lesions in the SMA were associated with poorer TSR.
Lakota women leaders: Getting things done quietly
Authors: Gambrell Kem M
Published: October 2015

In Western society, the foundation of what was once a more traditional way of thinking about leadership has been replaced by focusing more on gaining and using power, influencing people, and maintaining an appearance of control. These paradigms that often advise management policies, practices, and decisions have generally reflected the structures and cultures from a more White, heterosexual male perspective. This perpetrates the systemic issue in that minorities in the United States continue to remain underrepresented, and this is particularly true for Indigenous peoples. Unfortunately cross-cultural research has not helped the problem in that differences have often been ignored or negated. Adding gender differences to the mix complicates things even further, as leadership has traditionally been studied using masculine norms as behavioral standards. In addition, colonization is acknowledged as having had a destructive effect on indigenous gender relations and cultural dynamics. Therefore, to address this gap in understanding, the purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore leadership from a gender and Indigenous perspective. From interviewing Lakota women leaders, findings indicate that Indigenous women’s leadership is not invariable with dominant mainstream leadership theories, and that further research is needed on Indigenous, as well as Indigenous women leadership perspectives and practices.
Studying western audiences vis-à-vis mediated distant suffering. A call to venture beyond media studies
Authors: von Engelhardt Johannes
Published: October 2015

Media scholars have recently shown a growing interest in theorizing the western spectatorship of mediated distant suffering. At the same time, not many studies in this field have put their empirical focus on audiences rather than on representation. In this article, we show how theoretical concepts and empirical findings from the field of moral psychology can inform on-going discussions about the witnessing of mediated distant suffering. To this end, we review three themes in the relationship between spectator and sufferer: distance, actuality, and scale. This theoretical intervention aims to provide a renewed impulse to media studies, and to contribute to the development of a future research agenda for studying audiences of mediated suffering.
The rise of the dragon? Framing China’s global leadership in elite American newspapers
Authors: Golan Guy J , Lukito Josephine
Published: October 2015

The current study analyzes the framing of China’s emergence as a global power in the opinion pages of two elite newspapers. The study expands upon previous studies examining newspaper opinion gatekeepers’ use of the editorial and opposite-editorial pages as salient platforms for the expression of diverse opinion regarding foreign affairs. Results show that the New York Times framed China as a global power undermined by structural limitations, while The Wall Street Journal framed China as a direct threat to US foreign policy interests. The results of the analysis are discussed in the context of media-government power dynamics.
Incorporating an Exercise Detection, Grading, and Hormone Dosing Algorithm Into the Artificial Pancreas Using Accelerometry and Heart Rate
Authors: Jacobs Peter G. , Resalat Navid , El Youssef Joseph , Reddy Ravi , Branigan Deborah , Preiser Nicholas , Condon John , Castle Jessica
Published: October 2015

In this article, we present several important contributions necessary for enabling an artificial endocrine pancreas (AP) system to better respond to exercise events. First, we show how exercise can be automatically detected using body-worn accelerometer and heart rate sensors. During a 22 hour overnight inpatient study, 13 subjects with type 1 diabetes wearing a Zephyr accelerometer and heart rate monitor underwent 45 minutes of mild aerobic treadmill exercise while controlling their glucose levels using sensor-augmented pump therapy. We used the accelerometer and heart rate as inputs into a validated regression model. Using this model, we were able to detect the exercise event with a sensitivity of 97.2% and a specificity of 99.5%. Second, from this same study, we show how patients’ glucose declined during the exercise event and we present results from in silico modeling that demonstrate how including an exercise model in the glucoregulatory model improves the estimation of the drop in glucose during exercise. Last, we present an exercise dosing adjustment algorithm and describe parameter tuning and performance using an in silico glucoregulatory model during an exercise event.
When Threats Come from Within
Authors: Rowling Charles M. , Gilmore Jason , Sheets Penelope
Published: October 2015

Scholars have widely demonstrated that the process by which officials frame their communications significantly impacts how citizens understand, evaluate, and respond to policy issues or events. This study attempts to build on existing framing research in two important ways. First, we seek to illuminate the importance of “cultural resonance” in determining whether an individual frame is likely to gain acceptance among its intended audience. Second, we assess the impact of “frame contestation” on the adoption of such frames. We explore these dynamics in the context of the U.S. war in Afghanistan. Specifically, we conducted an experiment in which U.S. adults were exposed to a news story about U.S. military transgressions in Afghanistan. Our results indicate that frames, designed to appeal to and protect the national identity, broadly resonated among respondents, impacting their perceptions of the character, causes and consequences of the transgressions, as well as their broader attitudes about the nation, the U.S. military, and the war in Afghanistan. Nonetheless, when these frames were presented, and then explicitly contested within the same news story, it diminished—but not entirely—these framing effects. We reflect on the theoretical and practical implications of these findings for journalists, officials, and the broader public.
Evaluating Joint Morbidity after Chondral Harvest for Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI)
Authors: McCarthy Helen S. , Richardson James B. , Parker Jane C. E. , Roberts Sally
Published: October 2015

Objective

To establish if harvesting cartilage to source chondrocytes for autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) results in donor site morbidity.

Design

Twenty-three patients underwent ACI for chondral defects of either the ankle or the hip. This involved cartilage harvest from the knee (stage I), chondrocyte expansion in the laboratory and implantation surgery (stage II) into the affected joint. Prior to chondral harvest, no patient had sought treatment for their knee. Lysholm knee scores were completed prior to chondral harvest and annually post-ACI. Histological analyses of the donor site were performed at 12.3 ± 1.5 months for 3 additional patients who had previously had ACI of the knee.

Results

The median preoperative Lysholm score was 100, with no significant differences observed at either 13.7±1.7 months or 4.8±1.8 years postharvest (median Lysholm scores 91.7 and 87.5, respectively). Patients whose cartilage was harvested from the central or medial trochlea had a significantly higher median Lysholm score at latest follow-up (97.9 and 93.4, respectively), compared with those taken from the intercondylar notch (median Lysholm score 66.7). The mean International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) II histological score for the biopsies taken from the donor site of 3 additional knee ACI patients was 117 ± 10 (maximum score 140).

Conclusions

This study suggests that the chondral harvest site in ACI is not associated with significant joint morbidity, at least up to 5 years postharvest. However, one should carefully consider the location for chondral harvest as this has been shown to affect knee function in the longer term.
Advancing research on team process dynamics
Authors: Kozlowski Steve W. J.
Published: October 2015

Team processes are inherently dynamic phenomena theoretically, but they have largely been treated as static in research. It is well established that they are important contributors to team effectiveness; the lack of attention to dynamics means that team process mechanisms are essentially unstudied. I examine three primary themes. First, I speculate as to why it is that research treatments of team processes are largely static and what may account for this inertia. Second, I consider the conceptual underpinnings of process dynamics with respect to (a) emergence across levels and (b) in terms of variability, trajectory, and cyclical fluctuation. Third, I discuss three ways that research on team process dynamics can be advanced by: (a) adapting existing research methods, (b) creating innovative measurement techniques, and (c) advancing new research paradigms. Empirical examination of team dynamics is on the research frontier. These suggestions hold promise for advancing understanding of dynamic process mechanisms.
Applying sequence methods to the study of team temporal dynamics
Authors: Herndon Benjamin , Lewis Kyle
Published: October 2015

In this paper, we explain how structuring, characterizing, and analyzing team experience in terms of temporal sequences can yield new insights about the dynamic nature of teams. We suggest that sequence methods can offer a fuller representation of team temporal dynamics than is typically possible with cross-sectional or longitudinal multiphase designs alone. We provide suggestions for how to use sequence methods to develop teams research questions and conduct sequence analysis. To make our suggestions more concrete, we develop detailed examples that highlight the potential for sequence methods to advance the study of team temporal dynamics by augmenting conventional methods.
Theory development with agent-based models
Authors: Smaldino Paul E. , Calanchini Jimmy , Pickett Cynthia L.
Published: October 2015

Many social phenomena do not result solely from intentional actions by isolated individuals, but rather emerge as the result of repeated interactions among multiple individuals over time. However, such phenomena are often poorly captured by traditional empirical techniques. Moreover, complex adaptive systems are insufficiently described by verbal models. In this paper, we discuss how organizational psychologists and group dynamics researchers may benefit from the adoption of formal modeling, particularly agent-based modeling, for developing and testing richer theories. Agent-based modeling is well suited to capture multilevel dynamic processes and offers superior precision to verbal models. As an example, we present a model of social identity dynamics used to test the predictions of Brewer’s (1991) optimal distinctiveness theory, and discuss how the model extends the theory and produces novel research questions. We close with a general discussion on theory development using agent-based models.
Teaching of intermittent self-catheterisation through dedicated nurse-led TOV clinic for patients with uncomplicated acute urinary retention: How useful is it in practice?
Authors: Bekarma H , Rooney H , Khan R , Miller G , Dunn I
Published: October 2015

Objectives:

Acute urinary retention (AUR) is a common urological emergency. Our institution has established an outpatient pathway for managing patients with uncomplicated AUR on discharge from A&E: with catheter education and alpha-blocker therapy. They are followed up in a nurse-led clinic where intermittent self-catheterisation (ISC) can be taught if required. The aim of this study is to investigate the outcomes of our nurse-led trial of void (TOV) clinic and specifically the merit of teaching ISC.

Methods:

Data was prospectively collected and analysed for all patients with AUR who were followed up in the nurse-led TOV clinic between October 2012 and December 2014.

Results:

Over 26 months, 120 men with AUR attended the TOV clinic with an average age of 71 years (range 28–94 years). Forty-nine of 120 (41%) patients had an identifiable cause for AUR (UTI=13, constipation=13, alcohol=11, anti-cholinergics=7, post-operative=4 and post-brachytherapy=1). Sixty-four men passed and 50 failed TOV. Six were excluded from this analysis as they did not proceed to TOV in clinic (three requested LTC and three were not appropriate for outpatient clinic). All 50 patients who failed TOV were offered ISC. Thirty-two of 50 patients (64%) learnt ISC. Ten declined and eight were unable to perform ISC. Only seven of 50 patients (14%) went on to have a TURP, four of whom had declined to learn ISC. Of the remaining 43 patients, 24 (56%) had return of spontaneous voiding.

Conclusion:

In our experience, a pathway for reviewing AUR patients in a nurse-led TOV clinic where expertise for ISC tuition is available is extremely useful. In our series, only 14% of patients who failed TOV required TURP. Bladder function often returns to normal over time but ISC offers patients an autonomous management option if satisfactory to themselves whilst avoiding the complications of LTC.
Race, Rehabilitation, and 30-Day Readmission After Elective Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Jorgenson Erik S. , Richardson Diane M. , Thomasson Arwin M. , Nelson Charles L. , Ibrahim Said A.
Published: October 2015

Introduction:

To examine racial variations in access to postacute care (PAC) and rehabilitation (Rehab) services following elective total knee arthroplasty and whether where patients go after surgery for PAC/Rehab is associated with 30-day readmission to acute care facility.

Materials and Methods:

Sample consisted of 129 522 patients discharged from 169 hospitals in the State of Pennsylvania between fiscal years 2008 and 2012. We used multinomial regression models to assess the relationship between patient race and discharge destination after surgery, for patients aged 18 to 64 years and for those aged 65 and older. We used multivariable (MV) regression and propensity score (PS) approaches to examine the relationship between patient discharge destination after surgery for PAC/Rehab and 30-day readmission, controlling for key individual- and facility-level factors.

Results:

Lower proportions of younger patients compared to those older than 65 were discharged to inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRFs; 5.8% vs 12.6%, respectively) and skilled nursing facilities (SNFs; 15.2% vs 32.7%, respectively) compared to home-based Rehab (self-care; 23.3% vs 14.2%, respectively). Compared to whites, African American patients had significantly higher odds of discharge to IRF (age < 65, odds ratio = 2.04; age ≥ 65, odds ratio = 1.64) and to SNF (age < 65, odds ratio = 2.86; age ≥ 65, odds ratio = 2.19) and discharge to home care in patients younger than 65 years (odds ratio = 1.31). The odds of 30-day readmission among patients discharged to an IRF (MV odds ratio = 7.76; PS odds ratio = 8.34) and SNF (MV odds ratio = 2.01; PS odds ratio = 1.83) were significantly higher in comparison to patients discharged home with self-care.

Conclusion:

African American patients with knee replacement are more likely to be discharged to inpatient Rehab settings following surgery. Inpatient Rehab is significantly associated with 30-day readmission to acute care facility.
Spread of Traditional Medicines in India
Authors: Srinivasan R. , Sugumar V. Raji
Published: October 2015

For the first time, we have a comprehensive database on usage of AYUSH (acronym for Ayurveda, naturopathy and Yoga, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy) in India at the household level. This article aims at exploring the spread of the traditional medical systems in India and the perceptions of people on the access and effectiveness of these medical systems using this database. The article uses the unit level data purchased from the National Sample Survey Organization, New Delhi. Household is the basic unit of survey and the data are the collective opinion of the household. This survey shows that less than 30% of Indian households use the traditional medical systems. There is also a regional pattern in the usage of particular type of traditional medicine, reflecting the regional aspects of the development of such medical systems. The strong faith in AYUSH is the main reason for its usage; lack of need for AYUSH and lack of awareness about AYUSH are the main reasons for not using it. With regard to source of medicines in the traditional medical systems, home is the main source in the Indian medical system and private sector is the main source in Homeopathy. This shows that there is need for creating awareness and improving access to traditional medical systems in India. By and large, the users of AYUSH are also convinced about the effectiveness of these traditional medicines.
The Effects of Attachment Priming on Depressed and Anxious Mood
Authors: Carnelley Katherine B. , Otway Lorna J. , Rowe Angela C.
Published: October 2015

Correlational evidence links attachment insecurity (attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance) to depression and anxiety, but the causal directions of these relationships remain unspecified. Our aim (Study 1, N = 144) was to prime attachment anxiety and avoidance and test causal relationships between these attachment patterns and depressed and anxious mood. Attachment anxious-primed participants reported higher depressed mood than secure-primed participants. Furthermore, avoidant-primed and anxious-primed participants reported higher anxious mood compared with secure-primed participants. In Study 2 ( N = 81) we tested the effectiveness of repeatedly priming attachment security (versus a neutral prime), in the laboratory and via texts, on improving depressed and anxious mood. Secure-primed (compared with neutral-primed) participants reported less anxious mood postprime and one day later. Repeated secure-primed (compared with neutral) participants reported marginally less depressed mood postprime and one day later. Discussion considers possible clinical implications for repeated security priming.