bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two turbidite sequences in the Russell Lake-Mosher Lake area: SHRIMP U-Pb detrital zircon evidence and correlations in the southwestern Slave craton, Northwest Territories
Authors: Ootes L , Davis W J , Jackson V
A
Published: November 2010

Detrital zircon age data indicate a temporal separation of two distinct turbidite packages in the Russell Lake
osher Lake area of the southwestern Slave craton, Northwest Territories. The Mosher Lake package consists of monotonous greywacke-mudstone turbidites
intercalated with mafic volcanic rocks and is inferred to overlie a previously dated 2658 ± 3 Ma felsic volcanic centre. These turbidites have a maximum depositional age of 2651 ± 5Ma and are tentatively correlatedwith the ca. 2661MaBurwash Formation east of Yellowknife. The Russell Lake
package consists of greywacke-mudstone turbidites with abundant interbedded iron-formation. It has a maximum depositional age of 2625 ± 6 Ma and is correlated with the previously dated <2629 ± 2 Ma Damoti formation. Turbidites of both the Russell Lake package and Damoti
formation contain abundant iron-formation, which hosts numerous gold showings (e.g. Bugow, Horseshoe). These younger turbidites define a post-2630 Ma iron-formation-associated gold metallotect in the southwestern Slave craton.
Bedrock geology of the Nares Strait region of Arctic Canada and Greenland with explanatory text and GIS content
Authors: Harrison J C , Brent T A , Oakey G N
Published: November 2010

Onshore and offshore bedrock geological features of the Nares Strait region have been compiled on a new map at a scale of 1:1,000,000. The map includes onshore map units and structure of Nunavut in Arctic Canada from northern Baffin Island to northern Ellesmere
Island and, on the Greenland side, from the Thule area to Nansen Land and the Lincoln Sea. Sources include published maps of the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) and the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC). Also introduced are draft maps of northeast Ellesmere Island currently in
preparation as a result of co-ordinated field work from 1998 to 2000 by staff of the German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) and GSC. Offshore geology is drawn from the interpretation of geophysical data, most notably petroleum industry reflection profiles, and
government reflection and refraction seismic and aeromagnetic data including new marine and airborne surveys acquired in 2001 and 2003 as a result of co-operative work involving GSC, BGR, the Danish Lithosphere Centre and the Canadian Coast Guard. Major features of the map area include 1) the
Canada-Greenland shield subdivided into Archean gneissic terranes, high grade Paleoproterozoic supracrustal belts and plutonic igneous suites, 2) Mesoproterozoic sedimentary basins and related post-orogenic craton cover of Thule and Borden basins, 3) Mesoproterozoic through lower Paleozoic rocks of
Pearya, a composite terrane on northern Ellesmere Island accreted to ancestral North America in the mid-Silurian, 4) Neoproterozoic to Devonian strata of the Franklinian succession, 5) Carboniferous to Cretaceous and younger strata of Sverdrup Basin erected on the erosional roots of the Upper
Devonian-Lower Carboniferous Ellesmerian Orogen, and 6) Cretaceous through Neogene strata located in fault-bounded small basins that record the depositional history of Baffin Bay rifting and spreading, and contemporaneous strike slip faulting and thrusting in the Eurekan Orogen adjacent to Nares
Strait. Offshore bedrock map units include 1) granitoid rocks and crystalline basement, 2) moderate velocity stratified successions assigned to either the mid-Proterozoic (Borden-Thule) or lower Paleozoic (Franklinian) packages, 3) refraction-identified oceanic crust (tectonized serpentinite?) and
cover that underlies the abyssal plain of northern Baffin
Bay; 4) Cretaceous-Neogene continental margin rift-fill and rift-cover sequences with low velocity and subdued magnetic signature, and 5) magnetically anomalous basin-fill in Nares Strait, correlated with upper Paleocene volcaniclastic sandstones exposed on northeastern Ellesmere
Island.
Caractérisation structurale et métamorphique de la marge sud-est du Groupe de Wakeham, régions du
lac Musquaro et de La Romaine, Province de Grenville (Québec, Canada)
Authors: Bonnet A -L , Corriveau L
Published: November 2010

Ageological transect across volcano-sedimentary extensions of the southeastern margin of the Wakeham Group (eastern Grenville Province) and surrounding granitoid rocks has revealed the existence of polyphase Pinwarian (ca. 1.5 Ga) and Grenvillian (1.01 Ga)
deformation and regional metamorphism. Metamorphic grade in the 1.5 Ga Wakeham Group extensions increases to the southeast from middle amphibolite to granulite facies, whereas the gneissic granitoid rocks record 1.01 Ga regional metamorphism that reached middle amphibolite facies. We suggest that a
compartmentalization of Grenvillian deformation on a regional scale, with deformation effects concentrated in zones of less competent material, led to the preservation of the early granulites. On a regional scale, the pattern defined by the Grenvillian fabric within the granitoids and
metasedimentary rocks consists of basin-and-dome structures produced by polyphase
tectonics.
Digital GIS versions of the oversize map figures from Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin 575 (Subsurface Proterozoic stratigraphy and tectonics of the western plains of the Northwest Territories)
Authors: MacLean B C
Published: November 2010

GIS versions have been prepared of the oversized hardcopy maps that were included in the 2004 Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin 575 entitled 'Subsurface Proterozoic stratigraphy and tectonics of the western plains of the Northwest Territories' by D.G. Cook and
B.C. MacLean. They are included on this CD-ROM in SHAPE and .E00 formats. The original maps had been prepared in a cartographic, rather than GIS, environment necessitating their digital tracing. This was done using the ArcMap program and attributes were assigned as appropriate. With the exception of
a few minor corrections the maps are identical to those found in the original 2004 Bulletin.
Age and paleoenvironmental significance of Late Wisconsinan dune fields in the Mount Watt and Fontas River map areas, northern Alberta and British Columbia
Authors: Wolfe S A , Paulen R C , Smith I
R , Lamothe M
Published: November 2010

Seven optical ages from two dune fields in northern Alberta and British Columbia record Late Wisconsinan dune activity between about 13.9 and 10.3 ka. Sand dunes in the Fontas River area of British Columbia (NTS 94-I) formed between 13.9 and 11.7 ka. Initial
winds blew from the northwest, funnelled between the Laurentide and Cordilleran ice sheets. These were replaced by winds from the west, likely
associated with the Pacific air mass. Dunes in the High Level area of Alberta (Mount Watt, NTS 84 K) first formed at about 13.4 ka under transporting winds from the northeast and southeast, probably originating katabatically from the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Subsequent winds between about 11.7 and 11.0
ka were from the southeast, originating from glacial anticyclonic winds generated by a stationary high-pressure centre over the Laurentide Ice Sheet. These dunes were further modified by winds from the east. The High Level dunes stabilized at about 10.3 ka with the onset of boreal forest vegetation
cover and reduced wind strength.
A 3-dimensional geological model of the Oak Ridges Moraine area, Ontario, Canada
Authors: Sharpe D R , Russell H A J , Logan C
Published: November 2010

A GIS based geological model has been developed for the Oak Ridges Moraine area. This model provides a framework for more site-specific studies and can be used as an exploration tool for groundwater resources. The value of this regional model has been
demonstrated through application of the mode! to conduct environmental assessment, land-use development hearings, and for regional groundwater flow modeling (Bocking, 2006). The ability to update successive model versions in a timely fashion, as new data become available, demonstrates the utility of
semi-automated modelling (Logan et al., 2005).
Geological and geochemical data from the Canadian Arctic Islands. Part V: saturate fraction gas chromatograms of organic extracts from cuttings and core samples from petroleum exploration boreholes
Authors: Obermajer M , Dewing K , Fowler M G
Published: November 2010

Digital files of C15+ saturate fraction gas chromatograms of 132 cuttings and core samples obtained from exploration boreholes in the Canadian Arctic Islands are presented. Each sample is assigned to a stratigraphic unit. The significance of the data is not
discussed here.
Analysis of improved government geological map information for mineral exploration: incorporating efficiency, productivity, effectiveness, and risk considerations
Authors: Bernknopf R L , Wein A M , St-Onge M R , Lucas S B
Published: November 2010

This bulletin focuses on the value of geoscientific information and knowledge, as provided in published government bedrock geological maps, to the mineral exploration sector. An economic model is developed that uses an attribute-ranking approach to convert
geological maps into domains of mineral favourability. Information about known deposits in these (or analogous) favourability domains allow the
calculation of exploration search statistics which provide input into measures of exploration efficiency, productivity, effectiveness, risk, and cost stemming from the use of the published geological maps. Two case studies, the Flin Flon Belt (Manitoba and Saskatchewan) and the south Baffin Island
area (Nunavut), demonstrate that updated, finer resolution maps provide more detailed and accurate information than old, coarser resolution maps when used as a guide for mineral exploration. The Flin Flon Belt study illustrates that an updated, coarser resolution bedrock map enables improved mineral
exploration efficiency, productivity, and effectiveness by locating 60% more targets and supporting an exploration campaign that is 44% more efficient. Refining the map resolution provides an additional 17% reduction in search effort across all favourable domains and a 55% reduction
in search effort in the most favourable domain. The south Baffin Island case study projects a 40% increase in expected targets and a 27% reduction in search effortwhen the updated, finer resolution map is used in lieu of the old, coarser resolution map. On southern Baffin Island, the
economic value of the updated map ranges from CAN$2.28 million to CAN$15.21 million, which can be compared to the CAN$1.86 million that it cost to produce the map (a multiplier effect of up to eight).
Correlations in Cambrian and Lower Ordovician strata of Saskatchewan
Authors: Dixon J
Published: November 2010

The Cambrian to Lower Ordovician strata examined for this report includes the informally named Basal Sandstone Unit (BSU), and the Earlie and Deadwood formations. These strata are Middle Cambrian to Early Ordovician in age, with the BSU and Earlie Formation
being Middle Cambrian, and the Deadwood Late Cambrian to Early Ordovician. Although the cross sections in this report include the Lower Ordovician Winnipeg Formation, it is not part of the descriptive text. Our knowledge of Cambrian strata in Saskatchewan is based entirely on subsurface data; no
outcrops of the Cambrian are known in Saskatchewan and Manitoba. Wells penetrating Cambrian and Lower Ordovician strata are not numerous (366 wells were used in this study - Appendix 1), and even fewer penetrate into the Precambrian. Also, the distribution of these wells is non-uniform, the
greatest concentration being in southeast Saskatchewan. The aim of this presentation is to illustrate correlations on regional cross sections in the Cambrian to Lower Ordovician succession of Saskatchewan and to understand the vertical and lateral relationships between and within the various
stratigraphic units.
Fraser Delta slope stability and Georgia Strait seafloor mapping: cruise 2006002PGC aboard the CCGS Vector, May, 2006
Authors: Lintern D G , Neelands P J , Picard K P , Jmieff D G , Wiser A P , Christian H , Murphy B J
Published: November 2010

Senior Scientist: Gwyn Lintern - PGC, Natural Resources Canada
Cruise Number: 2006002PGC. April 24 - May 1, 2006. Ship: CCGS Vector
Principal objectives of the cruise were to:
1. Characterize the seabed geotechnical properties of the Fraser River delta slope,
2. Test piezometer, optical and video instrumentation in preparation for installation of piezometer arrays under the VENUS project.
3. Obtain sub-bottom profiles, cores and grab samples in areas of interest to the Geoscience for Ocean Management of the Georgia Basin project.
4. Test the geotechnical characteristics of the seabed at locations specified as possible locations for VENUS node instrumentation.
5. Assess and improve the quality of ship-based metadata collection and management.
The cruise involved collaboration with marine geologists (Housen, not on board, and Wiser) from the University of Western Washington. A consultant from Christian in situ was hired to deploy the Free-fall cone penetrometer, since this was a first-time deployment from a west coast vessel. We also had
on board a metadata specialist (Neelands, GSC) to oversee, learn and advise on data methods. The piston core worked well under the direction of Murphy and with help from all available scientists. Several techniques were new to us, including deployment of the FFCPT, deployment of the splashcam video
camera, deployment of a piezometer, deployment of a new optical instrument and completion of new/revised metadata forms. All items in the original cruise plan were successfully completed, except testing of the Optical Backscatter Sensor with Chorophyll Fluorometer. The only unresolved instrument
issue was the inaccuracy of the lab GPS, which was not receiving DGPS, and was routinely placing our position up to 150m from actual position, and sporadically placing our position further away.
Paskapoo Groundwater Study Part VI: aquifer transmissivity estimation and a preliminary data analysis of the Paskapoo Formation, Alberta
Authors: Chen Z , Grasby S E , Wozniak P R
J
Published: November 2010

Aquifer transmissivity of the Paskapoo Formation was estimated from single-well pump test data for 1309 water wells in southern Alberta. Results from three methods used to calculate transmissivity estimates indicate a wide variation of hydraulic properties in the
aquifer system. This report describes the data selection, methodology and a discussion of analysis from the preliminary results. Maps and graphs portray the spatial variation and analytical results, and tables of the data used in the report are included.
Hydrocarbon assessment summary report of Buffalo Lake area of interest
Authors: Lemieux Y
Published: November 2010

The purpose of this report is to present a hydrocarbon resource potential assessment of Buffalo Lake area of interest. The area of interest examined here is located in the southern Great Slave Plain region and covers an area in excess of 2100 km2. The region is
almost entirely covered by a thick mantle of glacial deposits; it is underlain by a gently southwest-dipping, relatively undisturbed succession dominated by Paleozoic carbonate rocks and Cretaceous clastic rocks. Six exploration wells have been drilled within, or near the outer limit of Buffalo
Lake area of interest. Although suitable source and reservoir rocks are present within Buffalo Lake area of interest, the potential of significant petroleum discoveries is probably very low. Most of the prospective intervals are either shallow or exposed at surface. Other exploration risks, such
as discontinuous distribution and isolation from source rocks, are also anticipated for some of the plays.
Surficial geology, southeastern portion of the Prince George map area British Columbia
Authors: Blais-Stevens A , Clague J J
Published: November 2010

The surficial geology of the southeastern portion of the Prince George map area provides a record of the late Quaternary history of central British Columbia near the centre of the former Cordilleran Ice Sheet. The map depicts a variety of sediment units of
glacial and non-glacial origin superposed on a hillshade derived from a Digital Elevation Model (DEM). From oldest to youngest, the units are bedrock, till, glaciofluvial deposits, glaciolacustrine deposits, colluvium, alluvium, and organic deposits. Till, the most aerially extensive deposit, was
deposited by glacier ice and consists of boulder- to pebble-sized clasts in a matrix of sand, silt, and clay. Till underlies north-trending drumlins that indicate ice flow to the north. Glaciofluvial deposits consist of stratified, well-sorted to poorly-sorted sand and gravel. They are associated
with eskers, terraces, and blankets. Some glaciofluvial deposits are kettled. Glaciolacustrine deposits comprise sand, silt, and clay deposited in a former glacial lake impounded by decaying ice masses. Colluvium is derived mainly from glaciolacustrine deposits that failed along river banks.
Alluvium consists of fine silt, sand, and minor gravel deposited along modern streams after deglaciation. Organic deposits include peat and organic-rich mud that have accumulated in poorly drained depressions formed in older sediments and bedrock.
Significant Canadian earthquakes 1600-2006
Authors: Lamontagne M , Halchuk S , Cassidy J F , Rogers G C
Published: November 2010

This Open File provides the most up-to-date information on the significant earthquakes of Canada. Earthquakes are considered significant if their magnitude exceeded 6 on the Richter scale or if they had been felt by many Canadians at Modified Intensity VI or
stronger. A total of 161 events were selected for the period 1600-2006. The information is provided in a Microsoft Excel sheet that provides for each event: the source information (Origin Time, Latitude, Longitude, Depth, Region, Magnitude); the impact (associated landslide(s), tsunami, damage to
buildings, deaths, Maximum Modified Mercalli Intensity in Canada); a description of the event; the source of information and web links for additional information in English and French.
Géologie des formations en surface et histoire glaciaire, Rapide-des-Cèdres, Québec
Authors: Paradis S J
Published: November 2010

Le feuillet cartographique de Rapide-des-Cèdres constitue l'une des dix cartes à l'échelle 1/100 000 de la série des cartes des formations en surface de l'Abitibi québécois. Sous le vocable "Abitibi" sont regroupées six cartes
qui s'étendent au territoire de la municipalité de la Baie-James et quatre qui couvrent la majeure partie de quatre municipalités régionales de comté (MRC) de l'Abitibi. En plus de montrer la répartition des dépôts superficiels, ces cartes indiquent les
diverses directions d'écoulement glaciaire, la limite de submersion glaciolacustre, la répartition des sillons d'icebergs, des dépressions annulaires (anneaux forestiers) et les positions probables de formes profilées enfouies. Dans des blocs occupant la partie supérieure du
feuillet, des cartes thématiques accompagnées de courts textes descriptifs ainsi que de figures et de photos pertinentes abordent de façon succinte l'histoire glaciaire de la région. Les thèmes choisis traitent de la géologie du substratum rocheux et des
propriétés magnétiques de celui-ci pour le feuillet, et des écoulements glaciaires et de leur ordre de succession, du transport glaciaire et de la submersion glaciolacustre pour l'ensemble des dix cartes. La stratigraphie des dépôts quaternaires, illustrée par une
colonne synthétique, montre que ceux-ci ont été mis en place selon une séquence logique et prévisible, qui permet l'application rationnelle des méthodes d'inventaire et de prospection. Des photographies prises sur le terrain complètent la description des
unités cartographiques de la légende et une liste de références présente les travaux jugés les plus pertinents pour le feuillet. En fournissant une vision globale sur l'histoire glaciaire de l'ensemble de la région entourant le feuillet de Lac Matagami, nous
espérons en faciliter la compréhension et mettre en évidence les liens entre les dix cartes de la série. La présentation des grands traits de l'histoire glaciaire et des textes descriptifs a été conçue de façon à atteindre le plus grand nombre
possible d'utilisateurs.
Géologie des formations en surface et histoire glaciaire, Lac Blouin, Québec
Authors: Paradis S J
Published: November 2010

Le feuillet cartographique de Lac Blouin constitue l'une des dix cartes à l'échelle 1/100 000 de la série des cartes des formations en surface de l'Abitibi québécois. Sous le vocable "Abitibi" sont regroupées six cartes qui
s'étendent au territoire de la municipalité de la Baie-James et quatre qui couvrent la majeure partie de quatre municipalités régionales de comté (MRC) de l'Abitibi. En plus de montrer la répartition des dépôts superficiels, ces cartes indiquent les diverses
directions d'écoulement glaciaire, la limite de submersion glaciolacustre, la répartition des sillons d'icebergs, des dépressions annulaires (anneaux forestiers) et les positions probables de formes profilées enfouies. Dans des blocs occupant la partie supérieure du
feuillet, des cartes thématiques accompagnées de courts textes descriptifs ainsi que de figures et de photos pertinentes abordent de façon succinte l'histoire glaciaire de la région. Les thèmes choisis traitent de la géologie du substratum rocheux et des
propriétés magnétiques de celui-ci pour le feuillet, et des écoulements glaciaires et de leur ordre de succession, du transport glaciaire et de la submersion glaciolacustre pour l'ensemble des dix cartes. La stratigraphie des dépôts quaternaires, illustrée par une
colonne synthétique, montre que ceux-ci ont été mis en place selon une séquence
logique et prévisible, qui permet l'application rationnelle des méthodes d'inventaire et de prospection. Des photographies prises sur le terrain complètent la description des unités cartographiques de la légende et une liste de références présente les travaux
jugés les plus pertinents pour le feuillet. En fournissant une vision globale sur l'histoire glaciaire de l'ensemble de la région entourant le feuillet de Lac
Matagami, nous espérons en faciliter la compréhension et mettre en évidence les liens entre les dix cartes de la série. La présentation des grands traits de l'histoire glaciaire et des textes descriptifs a été conçue de façon à atteindre le plus
grand nombre possible
d'utilisateurs.
Calculating density of water in geochemical lake stratification models
Authors: Boehrer Bertram , Herzsprung Peter , Schultze Martin , Millero Frank. J.
Published: November 2010

To model chemically stratified lakes numerically, chemical transformations must be reflected in the density function. In this contribution, partial molal volumes are used to calculate density from the chemical composition of lake water. Such values have been evaluated for cations and anions separately, to facilitate an easy implementation into geochemical stratification models for lakes. Coefficients for temperature dependence and variation for higher ionic strengths were evaluated from previously published data. An algorithm RHOMV to calculate density with a second order approximation for temperature dependence and ionic strength dependence is proposed. The accuracy is tested for seawater composition. We conclude that this approach delivers a representation of density based on the actual chemical composition of the lake water, which is accurate enough for most limnological purposes. The implementation of RHOMV into geochemical stratification models facilitates the numerical tackling of pressing questions, such as meromixis or double diffusive features or altered circulation patterns of lakes due to changing climate or change of use.
Assessment of the calibration performance of satellite visible channels using cloud targets: application to Meteosat-8/9 and MTSAT-1R
Authors: Ham S.-H. , Sohn B. J.
Published: November 2010

Abstract. To examine the calibration performance of the Meteosat-8/9 Spinning Enhanced Visible Infra-Red Imager (SEVIRI) 0.640-μm and the Multi-functional Transport Satellite (MTSAT)-1R 0.724-μm channels, three calibration methods are employed. Total eight months during the 2004–2007 period are used for SEVIRI, and total seven months during the 2007–2008 period are used for MTSAT-1R. First, a ray-matching technique is used to compare Meteosat-8/9 and MTSAT-1R visible channel reflectances with the well-calibrated Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 0.646-μm channel reflectances. Spectral differences of the response function between the two channels of interest are taken into account for the comparison. Second, collocated MODIS cloud products are used as inputs to a radiative transfer model (RTM) to calculate Meteosat-8/9 and MTSAT-1R visible channel reflectances. In the simulation, cloud three-dimensional (3-D) radiative effect associated with subgrid variations is taken into account using the lognormal-independent column approximation (LN-ICA) to minimize the simulation bias caused by the plane-parallel homogeneous assumption. Third, an independent method uses the typical optical properties of deep convective clouds (DCCs) to simulate reflectances of selected DCC targets. Although all three methods are not in perfect agreement, the results suggest that calibration coefficients of Meteosat-8/9 0.640-μm channels are underestimated by 6–7%. On the other hand, the calibration accuracy of MTSAT-1R visible channel appears to be variable with the target reflectance itself because of an underestimate of calibration coefficient (up to 20%) and a non-zero space offset. The results further suggest that the solar channel calibration scheme combining the three methods in this paper can be used as a tool to monitor the calibration performance of visible sensors that are particularly not equipped with an onboard calibration system.
A Recipe for What? UK Universities, Enterprise and Knowledge Transfer
Authors: Pickernell David , Packham Gary , Brooksbank David , Jones Paul
Published: November 2010

Universities play multiple knowledge-related roles in economies, creating (or co-creating), absorbing, disseminating and utilizing knowledge. These roles, however, are not without difficulty, for reasons related to universities themselves and the small firms that need to use such knowledge. This paper uses the UK Federation of Small Businesses 2008 survey to examine (a) the mechanisms in place to facilitate the dissemination to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) of university knowledge and assistance; (b) the relative importance of the contribution of university-derived assistance to SMEs; (c) the relationship between the assistance obtained from universities and the requirements and capabilities of SMEs; and (d) the relationships between university-derived assistance and measures of growth.
Patterning of YVO4:Eu3+ Luminescent Films by Soft Lithography
Authors: Wang Wenxin , Cheng Ziyong , Yang Piaoping , Hou Zhiyao , Li Chunxia , Li Guogang , Dai Yunlu , Lin Jun
Published: November 2010

Ordered arrays of luminescent YVO4:Eu3+ films with square (side length 19.17 ± 2.05 μm) and dot (diameter 11.20 ± 1.82 μm) patterns were fabricated by two kinds of soft lithography processes, namely, microtransfer molding (μTM) and microcontact printing (μCP), respectively. Both soft‐lithography processes utilize a PDMS elastomeric mold as the stamp combined with a Pechini‐type sol‐gel process to produce luminescent patterns on quartz plates, in which a YVO4:Eu3+ precursor solution was employed as ink. The ordered luminescent YVO4:Eu3+ patterns are revealed by optical micro­scopy and their microstructure, consisting of nanometer‐scale particles, is unveiled by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) observations. Additionally, photoluminescence (PL) and cathodoluminescence (CL) were carried out to characterize the patterned YVO4:Eu3+ samples. A strong red emission as a result of 5D0–7F2 transition of Eu3+ was observed under UV‐light or electron‐beam excitation, which implies that combining soft lithography with a Pechini‐type sol‐gel route has potential for fabricating rare‐earth luminescent pixels for next‐generation field‐emission display devices.
Regulation of light emission from Ag cluster films under mechanical deformation of elastic substrates
Authors: Nepijko S. , Schulze W. , Rabin I. , Viduta L.
Published: November 2010

Spectral distribution and integral intensity of the light emitted from Ag cluster films on a mylar and mica substrate were measured under the passage of electrical current. The effect of the substrate deformation at a fixed voltage on the conduction current and integral intensity of the emitted light was studied. The variation of the integral light emission was found to be an order of magnitude larger than that of the conduction current. This result is explained in terms of collective characteristic of film (conduction current) as opposed by individual contributions of emission centres (light emission).
Ein Konzept und seine Umsetzung: Graphen gestern, heute und morgen
Authors: Dreyer Daniel R. , Ruoff Rodney S. , Bielawski Christopher W.
Published: November 2010

In den vergangenen Jahren ist das Interesse an Graphen sprunghaft angestiegen. Ähnliche Materialien wurden allerdings schon im Jahr 1962 ausgehend von Graphenoxid erhalten, und chemische Modifikationen von Graphit sind sogar schon seit 1840 bekannt. Indem wir die faszinierenden Entwicklungen bei der Synthese und Charakterisierung von Graphen nachvollziehen, wollen wir hier zeigen, wie sich die Geschichte der Graphen‐Chemie in den spannenden aktuellen Forschungsarbeiten fortsetzt. Auf diesem Gebiet warten noch viele Aufgaben – auch solche, die in technologischer Hinsicht von größter Bedeutung sind.
Synthesis and in vitro Anticancer Activities of some Selenadiazole Derivatives
Authors: Plano Daniel , Moreno Esther , Font María , Encío Ignacio , Palop Juan Antonio , Sanmartín Carmen
Published: November 2010

A novel series of fourteen substituted selenadiazoles has been synthesized and the compounds tested for their in vitro antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities. The tests were carried out against leukemia (CCRF‐CEM), colon (HT‐29), lung (HTB‐54), and breast (MCF‐7) cancer cells. In order to assess the selectivity of the compounds under investigation the assays were also carried out on two non‐tumoral lines – one mammary (184B5) and one bronchial epithelium (BEAS‐2B) cell line. Assay‐based antiproliferative activity studies revealed that seven derivatives (2a, 2c, 2e, 2f, 2g, 3a, and 3b) exhibited good activity against MCF‐7 cells: for instance, 2c and 2f inhibited cell growth with nanomolar GI50 values. Compound 2f had a better antitumoral profile than vinorelbine and paclitaxel, two drugs that are used as first‐line treatments in advanced, recurrent, and/or metastatic cancer. In the other cell lines the compounds showed moderate activity or were inactive – with the exception of 2a, which was also found to have antiproliferative activity. Modulation of the cell cycle and apoptotic effects of active compounds were further evaluated in MCF‐7 cells. Of these, 6‐bromo[1,2,5]selenadiazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine (2a) was the most active, with an apoptogenic effect 3.9 times higher than that of camptothecin, which was used as a positive control. Compound 2a also provoked cell cycle arrest with a significant decrease in the G0/G1 phase cell population and an increase in S and G2/M cells, thus suggesting mitotic arrest prior to metaphase.
Synthesis and in‐vitro inotropic evaluation of 2‐(4‐substitutedbenzyl‐1,4‐diazepan‐1‐yl)‐N‐(4,5‐dihydro‐1‐phenyl‐[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]quinolin‐7‐yl)acetamides
Authors: Jiang Sheng‐Ming , Ye Bai‐Jun , Liu Xue‐Kun , Zhang Tian‐Yi , Cui Xun , Piao Hu‐Ri
Published: November 2010

We describe the synthesis and positive inotropic evaluation of a series of 2‐(4‐substitutedbenzyl‐1,4‐diazepan‐1‐yl)‐N‐(4,5‐dihydro‐1‐phenyl‐[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]quinolin‐7‐yl)acetamides by measuring left atrial stroke volume in preparations of isolated rabbit‐heart. Several compounds were developed from, and showed favorable activities compared with the standard drug milrinone. Compound 5o was the most potent with an increased stroke volume of 9.17 ± 0.14% (milrinone 2.47 ± 0.08%) at 3 × 10−5 M in our in‐vitro study. The chronotropic effects of those compounds having inotropic effects were also evaluated.
Anti‐inflammatory, Analgesic, Anticonvulsant and Antiparkinsonian Activities of Some Pyridine Derivatives Using 2,6‐Disubstituted Isonicotinic Acid Hydrazides
Authors: Al‐Omar Mohamed A. , Amr Abd El‐Galil E. , Al‐Salahi Rashad A.
Published: November 2010

A series of novel thiazolo derivatives2–15was synthesized by initial condensation of 2,6‐dihydroxyisonicotinohydrazide1and 2‐chloro‐6‐hydrazinylisonicotinohydrazide11with different organic reagents. The pharmacological screening showed that many of these obtained compounds have good anti‐inflammatory, analgesic, anticonvulsant, and antiparkinsonian activities comparable to diclofenac potassium, Voltarene®, Carbamazepine®, and Benzotropene® as reference drugs. Initially the acute toxicity of the compounds was assayed via the determination of their LD50. The structures of newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR,1H‐NMR,13C‐NMR, MS spectral data and elemental analysis. The detailed synthesis, spectroscopic data, LD50and pharmacological activities of the synthesized compounds were reported.
Functionalization of Fatty Acid Mimetics for Solid‐Phase Coupling and Subsequent Target Identification
Authors: Dittrich Michaela , Zettl Heiko , Schubert‐Zsilavecz Manfred
Published: November 2010

Fatty acid mimetics such as pirinixic acid (PA) derivatives and 2‐(phenylthio)alkanoic acid derivatives are drug‐like small molecules with an interesting pharmacological profile. Previously, we have characterized PA derivatives (e.g., 1) as dual agonists of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs) α and γ and as inhibitors of microsomal prostaglandin E2‐synthase‐1 (mPGES‐1) and 5‐lipoxygenase (5‐LO). 2‐(Phenylthio)alkanoic acids (e.g., 2) were shown to act as highly active and selective PPARα agonists. Encouraged by these results, we would like to identify other target proteins and, thereby, further explore the pharmacological profile of these molecules. An elegant method to screen for potential interaction partners is the so‐called “protein‐fishing” approach. Requirement is coupling of a functionalized small molecule to a solid phase which is used for biological experiments. Ideally, the pharmacophore of the small molecule remains intact as far as possible. Here, we describe the successful design and synthesis of functionalized fatty acid mimetics, thus providing an eligible starting point for solid‐phase coupling and subsequent “protein‐fishing” experiments.
Brain‐Specific Delivery of Naproxen Using Different Carrier Systems
Authors: Mahmoud Sheha , Mohammad Alhawi
Published: November 2010

Naproxen is one of the most potent NSAIDs and plays an important role in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Poor brain delivery of naproxen at therapeutic doses, in addition to its serious gastrointestinal side effects, has prompted research into the development of a specific carrier system that is capable of delivering naproxen to the brain at smaller doses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate two brain‐specific carrier systems of naproxen. The first was the dihydropyridine/pyridinium redox system that utilized a lipophilic chemical delivery system coupled to the carboxylic acid group of naproxen through an ethanolamine linker. Secondly, an ascorbic acid system, which has reducing properties and acts as a biological carrier through sodium‐dependent vitamin‐C transporter, was used for brain‐specific delivery of naproxen. The prepared prodrugs were stable in aqueous buffers (pH 1.2 and 7.4) and rapidly hydrolyzed in biological fluids. Bioavailability studies revealed that both prodrugs 10 and 17 were rapidly cleared from blood with half lives of about 1 h, which will likely decrease systemic adverse effects. The rapid clearance from the blood was accompanied by an increase in the prodrug concentration in the brain, which occurred as a result of the prodrug being more locked in compared to the parent drug naproxen.
Decentralized adaptive fuzzy neural iterative learning control for nonaffine nonlinear interconnected systems
Authors: Wang Ying‐Chung , Chien Chiang‐Ju
Published: November 2010

In this paper, we study the design of iterative learning controllers for nonaffine nonlinear interconnected systems with repeatable control tasks. The interaction between each subsystem can be a general type of unknown nonlinear function if a bounding condition is satisfied. An error model is derived such that only local subsystem information is required for the controller design. An adaptive iterative learning controller for each subsystem is constructed based on a fuzzy neural learning component and a robust learning component. The fuzzy neural learning component designed by an output recurrent fuzzy neural network is utilized as an approximator to approximate the system nonaffine nonlinearities and interconnections. The approximation error due to the fuzzy neural learning component will be then compensated by a robust learning component. Stable adaptive laws are derived to update the control parameters in order to guarantee the stability and convergence. We show that the internal signals are bounded during the learning process and the state tracking errors of each subsystem converge asymptotically along the iteration axis to a tunable residual set.

Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Improvement of Takagi‐Sugeno fuzzy model for the estimation of nonlinear functions
Authors: Jiménez Agustín , Al‐Hadithi Basil M. , Matía Fernando , Haber‐Haber Rodolfo
Published: November 2010

Two new and efficient approaches are presented to improve the local and global estimation of the Takagi‐Sugeno (T‐S) fuzzy model. The main aim is to obtain high function approximation accuracy and fast convergence. The main problem is that the T‐S identification method can not be applied when the membership functions are overlapped by pairs. The approaches developed here can be considered as generalized versions of T‐S method with optimized performance. The first uses the minimum norm approach to search for an exact optimum solution at the expense of increasing complexity and computational cost. The second is a simple and less computational method, based on weighting of parameters. Illustrative examples are chosen to evaluate the potential, simplicity and remarkable performance of the proposed methods and the high accuracy obtained in comparison with the original T‐S model.

Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Input‐to‐state stability of min‐max MPC scheme for nonlinear time‐varying delay systems
Authors: Chen Qiu‐Xia , He De‐Feng , Yu Li
Published: November 2010

This paper studies the robustness problem of the min–max model predictive control (MPC) scheme for constrained nonlinear time‐varying delay systems subject to bounded disturbances. The notion of the input‐to‐state stability (ISS) of nonlinear time‐delay systems is introduced. Then by using the Lyapunov–Krasovskii method, a delay‐dependent sufficient condition is derived to guarantee input‐to‐state practical stability (ISpS) of the closed‐loop system by way of nonlinear matrix inequalities (NLMI). In order to lessen the online computational demand, the non‐convex min‐max optimization problem is then converted to a minimization problem with linear matrix inequality (LMI) constraints and a suboptimal MPC algorithm is provided. Finally, an example of a truck‐trailer is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed results.

Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
A simple derivation of all stabilizing proportional controllers for first order time‐delay systems
Authors: Nesimioglu B. S. , Soylemez M. T.
Published: November 2010

In this paper, a new simple derivation of all stabilizing proportional controllers, for first order linear time invariant systems with time‐delay, is presented. Although several results based on the Hermite‐Biehler theorem for finding such a set of controllers exist, the aim of this article is to present a shorter and more instructive derivation, which can be followed easily.

Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Function and evolution of sex determination mechanisms, genes and pathways in insects
Authors: Gempe Tanja , Beye Martin
Published: November 2010

Animals have evolved a bewildering diversity of mechanisms to determine the two sexes. Studies of sex determination genes – their history and function – in non‐model insects and Drosophila have allowed us to begin to understand the generation of sex determination diversity. One common theme from these studies is that evolved mechanisms produce activities in either males or females to control a shared gene switch that regulates sexual development. Only a few small‐scale changes in existing and duplicated genes are sufficient to generate large differences in sex determination systems. This review summarises recent findings in insects, surveys evidence of how and why sex determination mechanisms can change rapidly and suggests fruitful areas of future research.
Laparoscopic resection of advanced colorectal cancer
Authors: Verheijen P M , Stevenson A R L , Lumley J W , Clark A J , Stitz R W , Clark D A
Published: November 2010

Background

Palliative resection of the primary tumour in asymptomatic patients with stage IV colorectal cancer is associated with improved survival and fewer complications. Laparoscopic surgery is widely employed in the curative treatment of colorectal cancer, but its value in advanced colorectal cancer remains unclear.

Methods

All patients who underwent laparoscopic resection of primary colorectal cancer in this unit between June 1991 and Jan 2010 were entered into a prospective computerized database. Outcomes for patients with laparoscopic resection of stage IV colorectal cancer were compared with those of patients who had laparoscopic surgery for stage I disease.

Results

Some 185 patients with stage IV colorectal cancer who underwent laparoscopic resection were compared with 310 patients who had stage I colorectal cancer. Some 94·1 and 98·4 per cent of operations respectively were completed laparoscopically. Hospital stay was slightly longer in the group with stage IV disease (mean 6·2 versus 5·3 days; P = 0·091). The 30-day mortality rate was 2·7 per cent in patients with stage IV disease and 0·6 per cent in those with stage I tumours (P = 0·061). There was no difference in complications. One-year survival rates were 77·8 and 99·0 per cent respectively (P < 0·001).

Conclusion

Short-term outcomes after laparoscopic surgery for stage IV colorectal cancer in selected patients are equivalent to those for stage I cancers.
Short-term outcomes after elective minimally invasive colectomy for diverticulitis
Authors: Pendlimari R , Touzios J G , Azodo I A , Chua H K , Dozois E J , Cima R R , Larson D W
Published: November 2010

Background

The role of minimally invasive surgery in complicated diverticulitis is still being elucidated. The aim of this study was to compare short-term outcomes in patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery for complicated or uncomplicated diverticular disease.

Methods

All patients who had elective minimally invasive surgery for diverticulitis between 2003 and 2008 were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Complicated disease was defined as diverticulitis associated with abscess, fistula, stricture or bleeding. Univariable analysis was performed to compare safety and short-term outcomes in patients with complicated and uncomplicated diverticulitis.

Results

A total of 361 patients (136 with complicated and 225 with uncomplicated diverticulitis) were operated on with either a laparoscopic (36·0 per cent) or a hand-assisted laparoscopic (64·0 per cent) surgical technique. There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to age, sex, body mass index, laparoscopic approach, postoperative recovery protocol or previous open surgery. Conversion rates were similar for complicated and uncomplicated disease (14·0 versus 11·6 per cent respectively; P = 0·514). There was no difference between the groups with respect to return of bowel function (mean 3·1 versus 3·2 days respectively; P = 0·156), morbidity (27·9 versus 19·6 per cent; P = 0·070) or mean length of stay (5·4 versus 4·8 days; P = 0·186). There were no deaths within 30 days.

Conclusion

Elective minimally invasive colectomy is feasible for patients with uncomplicated and complicated diverticulitis, with equivalent outcomes.
Cationic Peptides that Increase the Thermal Stabilities of 2′‐O‐MeRNA/RNA Duplexes but Do Not Affect DNA/DNA Melting
Authors: Murtola Merita , Zaramella Simone , Yeheskiely Esther , Strömberg Roger
Published: November 2010

Several different cationic nonapeptides have been synthesized and investigated with respect to how they can influence the thermal melting of 2′‐O‐methylRNA/RNA and DNA/DNA duplexes. Each peptide has a C‐terminal L‐phenylalanine unit and is otherwise uniformly composed of a sequence of a specific basic D‐amino acid that in most cases will be largely charged at neutral pH. These N‐terminal octamer stretches are composed variously of the amino acids D‐lysine, D‐diaminobutyric acid (D‐Dab), D‐diaminopropionic acid (D‐Dap), or D‐histidine. None of the peptides substantially affected the thermal melting of DNA/DNA duplexes, which was in sharp contrast with their effects on 2′‐O‐methylRNA/RNA duplexes. In particular, the peptides based on diaminopropionic and diaminobutyric acid units had strong positive effects on the melting temperatures of the 2′‐O‐methylRNA duplexes (up to 16 °C higher with 1 equivalent of peptide) at pH 7, whereas at pH 6 the effect was even more drastic (ΔTm up to +25 °C). The shorter R groups of the Dap and Dab groups appear to have a better length than lysine for enhancement of the thermal melting of the 2′‐O‐methylRNA/RNA duplex, an effect that is more pronounced at lower pH but substantial even at pH 7, although the Dap derivative is not likely to be fully protonated. The dramatic difference between the influence, or lack thereof, on the 2′‐O‐methylRNA/RNA and the DNA/DNA thermal meltings suggest that, although electrostatic interactions probably play a role, there is another major and structurally dependent component influencing the properties of the duplexes. This is also seen in the observation that the oligo‐Dap and oligo‐Dab peptides give greater melting point enhancements than both the lysine peptide (with a longer side chain) and a β‐linked Dap peptide with a shorter side chain and a longer backbone.
Options for the Treatment and Management of Municipal Landfill Leachate: Common and Specific Issues
Authors: Schiopu Ana‐Maria , Gavrilescu Maria
Published: November 2010

This paper aims to explore information from the literature for emphasizing the state‐of‐the art and progress in landfill leachate generation, fate and migration, and treatment. Leachate composition is discussed in terms of types of waste disposed and the processes occurring within landfill. The focus is also on potential pathways of environmental contamination by leachate, which may increase environmental and human health risk. The analysis addresses the opportunity and support for decision making concerning alternatives for leachate management and treatment. Advantages and limitations of treatment methods and processes are discussed considering leachate transfer, physico‐chemical methods, biodegradation, and combined methods.