bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Copper concentrate CCU-1 - a certified reference material
Authors: Faye G H , Bowman W S , Sutarno R
Published: April 2018

A 200-kg sample of a copper (flotation) concentrate, CCU-1, from Lynn Lake, Manitoba has been prepared as a compositional reference material. CCU-1 was ground to minus 74 pm, mixed in one lot, tested for homogeneity by X-ray and chemical methods and bottled in
200-g units. In a "free-choice" analytical program, 33 laboratories contributed results for one or more of 18 elements in each of two bottles of CCU-1. Based on a statistical analysis of the data, recommended values have been assigned for: Ag, Al203, Au, Cu, Hg, Pb, SiO2 and Zn. Also, non-certified
values have been determined for: As, Bi, CaO, Cd, Fe, MgO, Mo, S, Se, and Te.
Test installation for studying erosion-corrosion of metals for coal washing plants
Authors: Hoey G R , Dingley W , Wiles C T
Published: April 2018

A test installation was constructed for investigating erosion- corrosion of metals by coal-water slurries. Erosion-corrosion tests of mild steel panels were conducted using slurries of alundum, quartz, washed coal and coal refuse. Wear rates were found to depend
on type of abrasive, particle size and water conductivity and were reduced by cathodic protection and inhibitors. Cathodic protection of mild steel in coal slurries containing sulphate ion reduced wear by 90% and 86% for stationary and rotating panels, respectively. This study has
demonstrated that the successful application of corrosion control techniques would reduce metal wastage in coal washing plants. The test installation is considered suitable for developing the techniques.
Superplasticizers: their effect on fresh and hardened concrete
Authors: Malhotra V M
Published: April 2018

Superplasticizers are a new family of admixtures which can either be used as high-range water reducers or be incorporated into concrete to produce "flowing" concrete. They were introduced into North America in 1976 and since then a number of research laboratories
have been developing data on their effect on the properties of fresh and hardened concrete. This paper reviews these developments. The properties of fresh concrete reviewed include bleeding and segregation, increases in slump and its subsequent loss with time, initial setting time, entrained air
content, effect of repeated dosages, vibration requirements, and pumpability of superplasticized concrete. The properties of hardened concrete reviewed include accelerated strength, mechanical and elastic properties, freeze-thaw durability, resistance to salt scaling and sulphate attack. The review
indicates that incorporation of superplasticizers does not adversely affect the properties of fresh concrete, though superplasticized concretes lose slump rapidly with time and this is accentuated at elevated temperatures. All superplasticizers appear to have no significant retarding effect on the
time of initial set of concrete and the rate of bleeding of fresh concrete is not affected. When superplasticizers are added to concrete at the manufacturers' recommended dosage rates, the strength, shrinkage and creep properties of test specimens cast from the superplasticized concrete are
comparable to the corresponding properties of specimens cast from the reference mix; the compressive strengths are comparable when the cylinders from the superplasticized concrete are cast without compaction by vibration and greater with vibration. In the superplasticized concretes at the
recommended dosage rates, the bubble spacing factor is generally greater than 200 pm, a value considered maximum for satisfactory freeze-thaw durability. In spite of increased bubble spacing factor the freeze-thaw durability of air-entrained superplasticized concrete compares favourably with that of
air-entrained reference concrete. The review indicates that these admixtures have opened up a new era in concrete technology and are already being used in the precast concrete industry. However, before their use becomes widespread for ready-mixed concrete, problems associated with slump loss would
have to be overcome.
Lightweight aggregates: properties, applications and outlook
Authors: Wilson H S
Published: April 2018

Lightweight aggregates are produced in many countries from clay, shale, slate, fly ash and blast furnace slag. These aggregates can all be used in lightweight structural concrete. The clays, shales and slates are most often processed in rotary kilns in which it
is necessary that the material bloat as a result of simultaneous formation of glass and gas. This method of manufacture is used in seven locations in Canada. Another process, not used in Canada, is one in which the raw material with solid fuel added is sintered to a clinker which is subsequently
crushed to aggregate size. Fly ash is also converted into lightweight aggregate by this process in several other countries. Colliery shale, which already contains a fuel, is processed in the same manner in various locations in Europe and its use is being investigated at CANMET. Various methods have
been used to expand, or foam, blast furnace slag. The sole Canadian producer developed a process that produces a pelletized expanded slag and also virtually eliminates the release of sulphurous gases associated with other processes. The lightweight aggregates are used mainly in concrete masonry
units and to a lesser extent in structural concrete. Such concretes are 20 to 30% lower in density than normal concrete, and it is this property that is its greatest asset. The strength properties and durability are comparable and the thermal resistance is about double that of normal concrete;
its long-term creep is frequently somewhat higher and the modulus of elasticity lower. Lightweight masonry units and structural concrete have been used in virtually every application in which normal concrete is used. The largest amount of lightweight structural concrete is used in floor slabs, but
entire structures up to 52 stories (217.6 m) high have been constructed of lightweight concrete. It has also been used cast in place and precast for bridge decks and beams, domes and roofs, wall panels, ships and pipes. With continually increasing fuel and other production costs, the manufacturers
using rotary kilns and sintering machines will have to make their processes more efficient if the products are to remain economically competitive.
Release of lead from typical Canadian pottery glaze formulation
Authors: Quon D H H , Bell K E
Published: April 2018

The release of lead from ceramic foodware into contained foods or beverages has been known to cause lead poisoning in Canada and elsewhere and is the subject of international concern. A study has been undertaken in the Mineral Sciences Laboratories, CANMET, to
assess the instability of typical Canadian pottery glazes under conditions simulating those encountered in domestic use. The objective of this study is to examine the mechanisms of Pb release and stabilization as a contribution to the development of stable, safe glazes. Lead release from glasses
melted from typical glaze compositions in contact with 4% acetic acid was studied as a function of reaction time. It was shown that the amount of Pb released was dependent on glaze composition, with high release occurring in glasses containing higher concentrations of Pb0 and B203 and lower
concentrations of Al203 and CaO. The addition of CuO, as a colourant was found to increase the quantity of Pb released. The reported inhibiting effect of chromate additions was examined BaCr04 was found to be a less effective Pb-release suppressant than Cr2O3 in the Cu-bearing glazes, attributed to
greater modification of the glass structure. The kinetics for the release of Pb into solution show linear dependence with respect to the square root of leaching time, indicating that the process is diffusion-controlled and therefore sensitive to structural changes resulting from variations in glass
composition.
Durability of concrete containing granulated blast furnace slag or fly ash or both in marine environment
Authors: Malhotra V M , Carette GG , Bremner T W
Published: April 2018

This progress report describes the CANMET research project to assess the durability of portland cement/granulated blast-furnace slag/fly ash concretes in marine environments. The project was divided into three phases laboratory work associated with Phases I and
II was completed and that for Phase III will commence in July, 1980. The work entails making 0.1-m3 concrete mixes with water to cementitious material ratios ranging from 0.40 to 0.60. The cementitious materials consisted of various replacements of portland cement by fly ash and granulated blast
furnace slag. The prisms and cylinders made with these mixes are installed at a natural weathering station at Treat Island, Maine, where they are exposed to the effects of the alternating conditions of immersion in sea water and exposure to cold air for more than 100 cycles of freezing and thawing
each winter. The test specimens at Treat Island are being monitored at yearly intervals for visual deterioration, and measurements are being taken to determine changes in pulse velocity and fundamental resonant frequency. The specimens from Phase I have now been exposed for one year. The results of
first yearly inspection indicated no significant deterioration of any specimen except for some surface scaling on those made with high water cement ratios incorporating high percentages of slag.
Acid extraction of alumina from Canadian non-bauxite sources at CANMET
Authors: Hamer C
Published: April 2018

CANMET's laboratory work on acid extraction processes for the recovery of alumina from Canadian non-bauxite sources is reviewed. The materials investigated were anorthosite, clays and coal waste. Several processes were used to improve the acid solubility of
anorthosite. In one method the rock was melted and quenched as an amorphous glass; more than 95% of the aluminum content was extracted from this material in mineral acids. In another process the extraction of aluminum by hydrochloric acid leaching of finely ground anorthosite was greatly
increased - from 307 to over 80% - by adding to the leach a small amount of fluosilicic acid. It was also found that anorthosites from some deposits were soluble in hydrochloric acid without fluosilicic acid; this material approached the composition of bytownite and was composed of unaltered
feldspar. Six Canadian clays were examined as alumina sources. The after calcining at temperatures of between 750 and 850 ° C, alumina contents ranged from 23 to 29%. Material from one deposit was upgraded by wet screening to remove coarse quartz and produced a 36% Al 2 03 calcine.
Aluminum extraction in either hydrochloric or sulphuric acid was in the 85 to 90% range for all samples. Waste coal from the Hat Creek, B.C. deposit was also examined as a source of alumina. The material was burned in a fluid-bed combustor at 750 to 850 °C to produce an acid soluble ash
containing 30.8% Al 203 . Aluminum extraction of 80% was achieved in a 30-min leach in 26 m % HC1. Alumina was recovered from hydrochloric acid leacbates by sparging with HC1 gas to crystallize aluminum trichloride hexahydrate. The crystals were dissolved and recrystallized to purify the
product prior to calcining to alumina. It often contained impurities - P, Mg and Cr - in excess of the specifications for cell-grade material. To overcome this problem a process was developed wherein the hydrochloric acid leachate was evaporated and calcined at 400°C to produce a crude alumina.
After water leaching to remove soluble chlorides, this material was treated by a modified Bayer process to produce alumina which met cell-grade specifications.
Recherche de marché sur les produits enrichis provenant des cendres volantes
Authors: Wilson H S , Burns J S
Published: April 2018

Research done in recent years shows that fly ash can be separated into size fractions and components, thus making it a valuable mineral resource. This study examined the state-of-the-art on the beneficiation of fly ash to recover cenospheres, magnetic iron
compounds, and carbon. Methods of beneficiation, applications for products and possible market prices are discussed.
McMaster, an allogenic massive sulphide copper deposit, Bathurst area, New Brunswick
Authors: Jambor J L
Published: April 2018

The McMaster deposit near Bathurst, northern New Brunswick, consists of massive and disseminated pyrite in phyllite of the Ordovician Tetagouche Group. The deposit is small, averages only 0.7% Cu, and unlike most massive sulphide prospects in this region, the
sphalerite and galena content is subordinate to that of chalcopyrite. Fine-grained, poorly layered pyrite is present in only small amounts, and most of the massive sulphide consists of coarser, allogenic pyrite. Other minerals present in trace amounts are lead-bismuth sulphosalts, bismuthian
tetrahedrite, tennantite, arsenopyrite, native bismuth, pyrrhotite, magnetite, and superene copper sulphides. The principal silicate in the pyritite is quartz; chlorite is common whereas carbonates are represented only by trace amounts of siderite. Phyllite with abundant muscovite and disseminated
sulphides is gradational to massive sulphides that are in sharp contact with chloritic rocks almost devoid of muscovite. The chloritic zone is mainly conformable, 10 to 15 m thick, and is continuous along the strike length of the massive sulphides.
An evaluation of two methods for the determination of indium in ores, concentrates and zinc processing products by flame atomic-emission and flame atomic-absorption spectrophotometry
Authors: Donaldson E M
Published: April 2018

Two methods for the determination of small amounts of indium in ores, concentrates and zinc processing products have been evaluated. A method involving the separation of indium from matrix elements by n-butyl acetate extraction as the bromide yields more accurate
and precise results than a method based on the coprecipitation of indium with hydrous ferric oxide. For small amounts of indium, a flame atomic-emission finish gives greater accuracy and precision than an atomic-absorption finish. The enhancing effects of aluminum on the determination of indium by
both flame atomic-emission and atomic absorption spectrophotometry in nitric and hydrochloric acid media have been studied and a possible mechanism is proposed to explain the anomalous behaviour observed in the absence and presence of potassium as an ionization suppressant.
Corrosion des tuyaux en amiante-ciment partie i - documentation des éléments historiques, technologiques, économiques et statistiques
Authors: Nebesar B , Riley G W
Published: April 2018

A critical evaluation of the causes of asbestos/cement pipe corrosion and possible prevention of release of asbestos fibres was required on the basis of information contained in several published reports on asbestos fibres in drinking water systems. The question,
whether asbestos ingested with drinking water is harmful, has not yet been resolved. This report presents background information on the history of asbestos/cement and asbestos/cement pipe; on technology comprising raw materials, the asbestos/cement matrix, manufacturing processes, specifications,
properties and uses of asbestos/cement pipe; and on related economic and statistical data. The aim is to help bridge the differences among readers from various fields and provide useful information on which to base decisions. References from North American, European and Australian sources are
cited.
Corrosion des tuyaux en amiante-ciment partie 2 - étude du travail récent sur la cause de la dégradation des tuyaux et les améliorations possibles
Authors: Nebesar B
Published: April 2018

Our current understanding of the theory of corrosion, explained in simple language, can provide the basis for improved control and prevention of corrosion of asbestos/cement pipe. The environment, agents, and mechanisms of corrosion of asbestos/ cement pipe are
critically reviewed from the viewpoint of recent developments in basic knowledge and technology including use of different cements and protective coatings, changes in design of pipe and systems, control of transported drinking and waste water, use of bactericides, and removal of asbestos fibres. An
executive summary and conclusions are given. This review is directed to a wide readership with various backgrounds and is based on 73 references in six languages, mainly from countries actively working on asbestos/cement pipe.
Image analysis study of the minerals in the secondary zinc circuit of the BMS concentrator
Authors: Petruk W , Hughson M R
Published: April 2018

Samples collected in September, 1979, from the secondary zinc circuit of the BMS concentrator were studied to determine the behaviour of the sphalerite, galena and chalcopyrite. The liberations and size distributions of the minerals were determined and the data
were processed by the MATBAL 2 program to adjust the analysed values so that there would be a balance between amounts fed to and discharged from the flotation cells. A comparison of the results with similar data for samples collected in 1977 shows that sphalerite recovery was better from some cells
and poorer from other cells. This suggests that monitoring the zinc content of the tailings from the cells would indicate when corrective steps need to be taken to maintain a constant recovery. It was also observed that large, free chalcopyrite grains were lost to the mill tailings as in
1977.
Étude par analyse d'images des minéraux du circuit secondaire de récupération du zinc du concentrateur BMS
Authors: Petruk W , Hughson M R
Published: April 2018

Samples collected in September, 1979, from the secondary zinc circuit of the BMS concentrator were studied to determine the behaviour of the sphalerite, galena and chalcopyrite. The liberations and size distributions of the minerals were determined and the data
were processed by the MATBAL 2 program to adjust the analysed values so that there would be a balance between amounts fed to and discharged from the flotation cells. A comparison of the results with similar data for samples collected in 1977 shows that sphalerite recovery was better from some cells
and poorer from other cells. This suggests that monitoring the zinc content of the tailings from the cells would indicate when corrective steps need to be taken to maintain a constant recovery. It was also observed that large, free chalcopyrite grains were lost to the mill tailings as in
1977.
Determination of glass content in fly ashes and blast-furnace slags
Authors: Douglas E , Mainwaring P , Can Roode M , Hemmings R T
Published: April 2018

In North America, there is an increased interest in the pozzolanic and cementitious properties of mineral wastes and in the potential for using these wastes as partial portland-cement replacement in concrete, either in the form of blended cement or as mineral
admixtures at the mixer. Most waste materials are reactive when in a glassy state. A general theory, common to all these by-products, should explain the behaviour of glassy materials incorporated in portland cement in concrete. The purpose of this study was to find an accurate procedure to measure
glass content in mineral wastes in order to predict their behaviour in concrete for offshore construction. A number of methods were used for measuring glass content in nine fly ashes and two blast furnace slags. The methodologies for two X-ray diffraction techniques were developed in this study.
These two techniques are applicable to all classes of glassy waste materials. On the other hand, the quantitative X-ray diffraction method to evaluate the glass content of a material with a number of uncommon crystalline phases may be a very time-consuming technique. The non-crystalline X-ray
diffraction approach cannot be used for materials which cannot be vitrified through rapid quenching.
Détermination de la teneur en verre des cendres volantes et des laitiers ferreux
Authors: Douglas E , Mainwaring P , Can Roode M , Hemmings R T
Published: April 2018

In North America, there is an increased interest in the pozzolanic and cementitious properties of mineral wastes and in the potential for using these wastes as partial portland-cement replacement in concrete, either in the form of blended cement or as mineral
admixtures at the mixer. Most waste materials are reactive when in a glassy state. A general theory, common to all these by-products, should explain the behaviour of glassy materials incorporated in portland cement in concrete. The purpose of this study was to find an accurate procedure to measure
glass content in mineral wastes in order to predict their behaviour in concrete for offshore construction. A number of methods were used for measuring glass content in nine fly ashes and two blast furnace slags. The methodologies for two X-ray diffraction techniques were developed in this study.
These two techniques are applicable to all classes of glassy waste materials. On the other hand, the quantitative X-ray diffraction method to evaluate the glass content of a material with a number of uncommon crystalline phases may be a very time-consuming technique. The non-crystalline X-ray
diffraction approach cannot be used for materials which cannot be vitrified through rapid quenching.
Contribution à l'étude du traitement de l'or par la thiourée
Authors: Deschênes G
Published: April 2018

Silica of commercial interest occurs throughout the whole of Canada as vein and intrusive masses and as sand, sandstone and quartzite deposits; and silica mining operations are conducted in all provinces except Prince Edward Island. Silica is recovered in lump
form for use as metallurgical flux and in the manufacture of silicon and ferrosilicon alloys; as sand for glass and glass fibre manufacture, for use in foundry moulding, and for the production of silicate chemicals, silicon chips and optical fibres; and as finely ground silica flour for ceramic,
asbestos cement and concrete products. Although Canada is selfsufficient with regard to most of its requirements for silica, significant tonnages of highquality sand for glass and foundry applications continue to be imported, chiefly by Ontario. CANMET and its predecessor, Mines Branch, have
continued to promote interest in domestic silica resources over the years by laboratory research and development studies. These studies have primarily been in the area of beneficiation of submitted samples by a wide variety of mineral processing techniques, and the evaluation of the resulting
products for suitability as glass and foundry sand, and for other purposes. This report summarizes no fewer than 115 studies of silica samples undertaken during the period 1923 to 1986. Reference is also made to R&D by other organizations including provincial governments and private sector
research laboratories.
The environmental cracking susceptibilities of three high-strength alloy steels
Authors: Biefer G J
Published: April 2018

Notched, fatigue pro -cracked specimens of three high-strength alloy steels (T-1, CHT-100 and 1% Cu-3.5% Ni), with yield strengths of about 690 MPa (100 ksi), were tested for susceptibility to environmental cracking (EC). The specimens were loaded to
fracture as cantilevers, using a rising-load technique. Susceptibility was assessed by comparing the nominal stress intensity at fracture under dry conditions, Ki i (dry), with the value obtained for specimens fractured in contact with 3.5% NaC1 solution. The latter specimens were tested under
free corrosion (f.c.) conditions and also while cathodically protected (c.p.) by coupling to zinc. For parent metal specimens, free-corrosion caused only a slight degradation of load carrying capability by EC with KIi (f.c.)/ KIi (dry) ratios averaging 0.94 (0.88 to 0.99). For parent metal coupled
to zinc KIi) ratios averaged 0.75 (0.73 to 0.84), thus showing definite susceptibility to EC of the hydrogen embrittlement variety. Weld metal appeared to be even more susceptible than parent metal under these conditions, and also showed highly variable behaviour in that KIi (c.p.)/ KIi (dry)
averaged 0.69 (0.44 to 0.97).
Literature review on fracture toughness testing of the heat-affected-zone
Authors: McGrath J T
Published: April 2018

The literature on the evaluation of the fracture toughness of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of weldments has been reviewed. Several aspects related to HAZ toughness determination were addressed. It was indicated that HAZ toughness should be related to crack
initiation rather than to crack propagation because cracks which initiate in the HAZ seldom remain there during the propagation stage of fracture. The fracture mechanics techniques available for measuring fracture toughness related to crack initiation can be selected on the basis of the amount of
elastic-plastic deformation. For example, when linear elastic behaviour prevails, the Kic test applies. If general yielding takes place followed by abrupt fast fracture, the COD or J integral tests may be used. The Charpy test may be useful as a quality control test for comparing the HAZ toughness
of various weldments provided crack initiation and propagation take place within the HAZ region. In the selection of a suitable fracture test specimen, notch location should simulate the orientation of HAZ welding defects. A general review is given of the application of laboratory fracture toughness
data to the prediction of structural failure. Costs of performing various fracture mechanics and impact tests are provided in an appendix.
Heat-affected-zone toughness of welded joints in micro-alloy steels
Authors: White D W G , Winterton K
Published: April 2018

The principal objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of chemical composition and cooling rate on the notch toughness of the heat-affected-zone of welded micro-alloy (HSLA) steel plate. Limited work was carried out on the effect of stress relieving heat
treatment on notch toughness. Specimens were prepared by making submerged arc welds over a range of heat inputs on HSLA steel plates containing various amounts of niobium, vanadium and molybdenum. The notch toughness of the heat-affected-zone was measured on precracked specimens as a function of
temperature by the instrumented Charpy impact test. Tests recorded the initiation of fracture in terms of load and time over a temperature range that covered the transition from ductile to brittle fracture. Because toughness is related to microstructure, the heat-affected-zone microstructures of
specimens were identified. To help in evaluating the microstructures, continuous cooling transformation diagrams were established for all steel compositions. The results indicate that for submerged arc welding, cooling times between 800 and 500 °C of 40 seconds or less do not give rise to
toughness-related problems in the heat-affected-zone of single pass welds in typical micro-alloy steels. In this range of cooling rates, toughness increases with increasing rate. The associated microstructural characteristics are fine prior austenite grain size leading to small bainite colony size
and an absence of coarse lath boundary carbides or martensite/austenite particles. In practice, a cooling time of 40 seconds corresponds approximately to a heat input of 2.4 kJ/mm in a 12-mm plate or more than 8 kJ/mm in a 50-mm plate. Higher heat inputs result in cooling times of more than 40
seconds. The heat-affected-zone toughness suffers, and at the same time precipitated micro alloy carbides and nitrides are detectable in the microstructure. Loss of toughness in niobium-containing steels stress relieved after welding appears to be particularly serious.
A review of the properties and strength development of non-ferrous slags and portland cement binders
Authors: Douglas E , Malhotra V M
Published: April 2018

This study presents a state-of-the-art review of the advances in research and in practical applications of copper, nickel, and lead slags as partial portland-cement replacement in cemented mine backfill and in concrete. Recent research shows that glass content
and pozzolanic properties of non-ferrous slags are not directly related and that grindability of the slags seems to be a function of the degree of vitrification. Compressive strength tests on mortars show that air-cooled, non-ferrous slags can outperform granulated slags, depending on the fineness.
During hydration, the slags seem to accelerate the rate of C3S hydration but do not seem to react immediately with the Ca(OH) 2 liberated. Nonferrous slags appear to have considerable potential for partial portland-cement replacement in cemented mine backfill and, to a degree, in concrete. Research
is needed to define the areas of additional applications, as well as limitations, to the use of non-ferrous slags.
Theory and application of column flotation
Authors: Moon K S , Sirois L L
Published: April 2018

The flotation mechanisms of various flotation machines are reviewed briefly. The inherently superior flotation mechanism of a countercurrent flotation column is described in more detail and is compared with that of conventional, mechanical flotation machines. The
merits of countercurrent column flotation include: improved metallurgical performance in terms of grade and recovery; effective cleaning action in the long cleaning zone with a blanket of fresh water; smaller floor space required because of its vertical configuration; low capital, operational, and
maintenance costs because of the absence of moving parts; and finally, easier flotation control as a result of the simplified circuit. Flotation studies on various minerals and coal at CANMET indicate that the Canadian countercurrent flotation column performs better than conventional, mechanical
flotation cells in terms of concentrate grade and recovery. Some industrial experiences with the Canadian flotation column on various sulphides, oxides, and coal are also presented.
Celestite
Authors: Collings R K , Andrews P R A
Published: April 2018

Celestite (strontium sulphate SrSO4) and strontianite (strontium carbonate SrCO 3) are the two principal strontium minerals; the former is the more common and by far the chief commercial source of strontium. More than 35 deposits or occurrences of celestite
have been identified in Canada, chiefly in Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Ontario and British Columbia. Of particular economic interest are the Lake Enon and MacRae deposits in the Loch Lomond district of Cape Breton Island, N.S. The Lake Enon deposit was operated from 1969 to 1976 by
Kaiser Celestite Mining Limited which supplied an upgraded celestite concentrate to an associated strontium carbonate plant at Point Edward, near Sydney. The MacRae deposit is of current interest to Chromasco, a division of Timminco Limited, Haley, Ont., which is considering its possible development
for strontium carbonate manufacture. Celestite is used in the manufacture of strontium chemicals, principally strontium carbonate, nitrate, and hydroxide. Strontium chemicals, in turn, are used in the manufacture of glass and ceramics, in pyrotechnic devices, in the production of strontium metal and
in other metallurgical applications. Beneficiation of Nova Scotia celestite ores, which grade 50 to 60% SrSO4, is necessary to upgrade the product to 90% SrSO4 , the feed grade required for strontium chemicals manufacture. Beneficiation consists chiefly of washing and flotation to remove
undesirable clay, calcite and silica. The beneficiated strontium sulphate may be converted to the carbonate by a number of processes, the most economic being the "black ash," which involves chemical leaching, rotary kiln calcining with petroleum coke, washing, and treatment with carbon dioxide.
Celestite ores from the Lake Enon and MacRae deposits, as well from Birch Island, B.C., have been extensively studied by CANMET. Only the Nova Scotia deposits are summarized in this report since they are primary celestite ores; the Birch Island deposit is principally a fluorite ore containing
secondary celestite. Studies on the Nova Scotia ores demonstrate the technical feasibility of developing the Loch Lomond deposits, in particular, as viable sources of strontium sulphate for strontium chemicals manufacture.
Silica
Authors: Collings R K , Andrews P R A
Published: April 2018

Silica of commercial interest occurs throughout the whole of Canada as vein and intrusive masses and as sand, sandstone and quartzite deposits; and silica mining operations are conducted in all provinces except Prince Edward Island. Silica is recovered in lump
form for use as metallurgical flux and in the manufacture of silicon and ferrosilicon alloys; as sand for glass and glass fibre manufacture, for use in foundry moulding, and for the production of silicate chemicals, silicon chips and optical fibres; and as finely ground silica flour for ceramic,
asbestos cement and concrete products. Although Canada is selfsufficient with regard to most of its requirements for silica, significant tonnages of highquality sand for glass and foundry applications continue to be imported, chiefly by Ontario. CANMET and its predecessor, Mines Branch, have
continued to promote interest in domestic silica resources over the years by laboratory research and development studies. These studies have primarily been in the area of beneficiation of submitted samples by a wide variety of mineral processing techniques, and the evaluation of the resulting
products for suitability as glass and foundry sand, and for other purposes. This report summarizes no fewer than 115 studies of silica samples undertaken during the period 1923 to 1986. Reference is also made to R&D by other organizations including provincial governments and private sector
research laboratories.
Ubuntu and philoxenia: Ubuntu and Christian worldviews as responses to xenophobia
Authors: Koenane Mojalefa L.J.
Published: April 2018

Xenophobic attitudes and violence have become regular phenomena in South Africa and other parts of the world. Xenophobia is of great concern not only to South Africans, but also to most developed countries or countries that are considered economically and politically viable by their neighbours, and which offer a safe haven for people who, for whatever reason, are forced to seek refuge elsewhere. Although xenophobia is not unique to South Africa, its most worrying aspect in South Africa is the government’s inability to deal with this evil. The article seeks to challenge South Africa as a dominantly Ubuntu and Judeo-Christian influenced country to fight xenophobia through appealing to Ubuntu values and philoxenia. By Judeo-Christian, I mean religious beliefs and values that are common to both these religions, namely Judaism and Christianity. The article further suggests the ontology that perceives the ‘other’ as an extension of the self. It is argued that South African citizens are collectively responsible for acts of violence against foreign nationals and should thus look for a morally sustainable solution to this evil. The article relies heavily on the work of Kristeva, entitled Strangers to Ourselves, and on the work of Nussbaum, entitled Ubuntu: Reflections of a South African on Our Common Humanity, in Reflections, the Society for Organizational Learning and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
‘And God gave Solomon wisdom’: Proficiency in ornithomancy
Authors: Shemesh Abraham O.
Published: April 2018

The biblical text accords a great deal of attention to King Solomon’s personal abilities and governmental power. Solomon was described as a judge, poet, constructor and the wisest of all people in the Ancient Near East and Egypt. The current study discusses the interpretation of the midrashim that show how Solomon’s wisdom was manifested in his considerable knowledge of ornithomancy, that is, divination using birds, a practice that was considered as an important wisdom in the ancient world because of its practical applications, particularly in the military sphere. It seems that Solomon’s portrayal as a magician is intended and aimed at emphasising his abilities and his impressive character. Moreover, it may have had the purpose of disproving the conception of Solomon as inferior to his surroundings in this respect and the idea that he or his kingdom could be controlled by nations that command this type of wisdom.
On the spline transform of step-wise functions
Authors: Calvi Jean-Paul , Tilatti Livio
Published: April 2018

We establish some properties of the classical area-preserving spline transform of step-wise functions and propose a regularization algorithm for the positive step-wise functions whose spline transform fails to be non negative.
El tratamiento del postconflicto colombiano por medio de infografías y visualizaciones de datos
Authors: Marín Ochoa Beatriz Elena
Published: April 2018

Colombia pasa por un momento histórico especial desde el 26 de septiembre del año 2016, cuando se oficializó ante la sociedad colombiana y ante el mundo la firma de un acuerdo de paz, con tal vez una de las guerrillas más antiguas del mundo, las denominadas Fuerzas Revolucionarias de Colombia, FARC. En ese proceso acelerado para validar lo discutido en la Habana por un largo periodo de tiempo los medios, el gobierno y algunas entidades no gubernamentales implementaron estrategias para dar a conocer los acuerdos de todas las maneras posibles: texto, audio, video, cartillas, informes especiales, multimedias e infografías.La intención de esta ponencia es analizar las formas narrativas y los múltiples discursos empleados, así como el aprovechamiento de herramientas digitales, presentaciones infografías impresas, audiovisuales y digitales; y de visualizaciones de datos, georreferenciaciones y líneas de tiempo que informarán a la sociedad el alcance de lo que se estaba pactando, y que sin ser reduccionista o restarle valor facilitó la comprensión esencial de un documento amplio y extenso como son los acuerdos de paz. Es así como se recuperó el valor de la imagen y sobre todo su característica de síntesis que facilita la interpretación de información y propicia la formación de la ciudadanía, así como se demuestra el gran carácter pedagógico y documental que tiene la infografía y la visualización de datos en el cubrimiento informativo de tal vez el tema más álgido de la agenda mediática colombiana.
Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Cholangiocarcinoma: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tshering Gyem , Dorji Palden Wangyel , Chaijaroenkul Wanna , Na-Bangchang Kesara
Published: April 2018

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a malignant tumor of the bile duct, is a major public health problem in many Southeast Asian countries, particularly Thailand. The slow progression makes it difficult for early diagnosis and most patients are detected in advanced stages. This study aimed to review all relevant articles related to the biomarkers for the diagnosis of CCA and point out potential biomarkers. A thorough search was performed in PubMed and ScienceDirect for CCA biomarker articles. Required data were extracted. A total of 46 articles that fulfilled the inclusion and had none of the exclusion criteria were included in the analysis (17, 22, 3, 4, and 1 articles on blood, tissue, bile, both blood and tissue, and urine biomarkers, respectively). Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), either alone or in combination with other biomarkers, are the most commonly studied biomarkers in the serum. Their sensitivity and specificity ranged from 47.2% to 98.2% and 89.7% to 100%, respectively. However, in the tissue, gene methylations and DNA-related markers were the most studied CCA biomarkers. Their sensitivity and specificity ranged from 58% to 87% and 98% to 100%, respectively. Some articles investigated biomarkers both in blood and tissues, particularly CA19-9 and CEA, with sensitivity and specificity ranging from 33% to 100% and 50% to 97.7%, respectively. Although quite a number of biomarkers with a potential role in the early detection of CCA have been established, it is difficult to single out any particular marker that could be used in the routine clinical settings.
Elevated Levels of Urinary 8-oxodG Correlate with Persistent Periductal Fibrosis after Praziquantel Treatment in Chronic Opisthorchiasis
Authors: Wangboon Chompunoot , Yongvanit Puangrat , Loilome Watcharin , Thanan Raynoo , Worasith Chanika , Eamudomkarn Chatanun , Chamadol Nittaya , Mairiang Eimorn , Sithithaworn Jiraporn , Saichua Prasert , Sripa Banchob , Khuntikeo Narong , Bethony Jeffrey M. , Sithithaworn Paiboon
Published: April 2018

Previous studies demonstrated that urinary 8-oxodG is a predictive biomarker for Opisthorchis viverrini (OV)–associated hepatobiliary disease (HBD) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). This study examined the effects of praziquantel treatment on the profile of urinary 8-oxodG in relation to HBD status. Infection with OV, levels of urinary 8-oxodG, and HBD status in terms of periductal fibrosis (PDF) assessed by abdominal ultrasonography (US) were monitored and compared in cohorts of participants in Khon Kaen, Thailand, before and 1 year after praziquantel treatment. Urinary 8-oxodG levels significantly decreased after treatment compared with the baseline level in OV-infected participants who had no HBD (PDF negative; PDF−ve) (N = 14). Levels of 8-oxodG were unchanged after treatment in OV-infected subjects (OV+ve) who had positive PDF (N = 52). Within the positive PDF (PDF+ve) group who became PDF−ve after treatment, there was no significant change in 8-oxodG levels between pre-and posttreatment (reversible PDF = 65.3%). In those who had persistent PDF+ve at both ultrasound sampling points, there was no significant difference in urinary 8-oxodG levels between pre- and posttreatment (persistent PDF = 34.6%). Based on a logistic regression model and receiver operation curve analysis, the increase of 8-oxodG levels was found to be associated with increasing risk of PDF. Measurement of urinary 8-oxodG and US increased the likelihood of discovering persistent PDF, which is a predictable condition for the patients at risk of OV-associated CCA. To identify high-risk individuals for CCA, it is useful to perform US in combination with urinary 8-oxodG measurement.
Recommended Practices for Fluid Conductor Carbon, Alloy and High Strength Low Alloy Steel Tubing Applications-Part 1: Design and Fabrication
Authors:   Metallic Tubing Committee
Published: April 2018

These recommended practices provide general recommendations for designing and fabricating carbon, alloy and high strength low alloy steel tube assemblies for fluid power applications utilizing commonly available manufacturing methods and general guidelines for tube selection and application.
Recommended Practices for Fluid Conductor Carbon, Alloy and High Strength Low Alloy Steel Tubing Applications - Part 3: Procurement
Authors:   Metallic Tubing Committee
Published: April 2018

SAE J2551-3 recommended practice provides recommendations for a procurement process for carbon, alloy and high strength low alloy steel tube assemblies for fluid power applications utilizing commonly available manufacturing methods and general guidelines for tube selection and application.
Ewolucyjna transformacja czasopisma. Część 4
Authors: Kokowski Michał
Published: April 2018

Przedstawiono czwarty etap rozwijania czasopisma Studia Historiae Scientiarum (wcześniejsza nazwa Prace Komisji Historii Nauki PAU). Zmodyfikowano działy czasopisma, procedurę recenzyjną oraz styl zapisu bibliografii. Wzrosła liczba zagranicznych autorów i zagranicznych recenzentów czasopisma.
Heveliana 2011–2016
Authors: Targosz Karolina
Published: April 2018

W latach 2011–2016 ukazało się sporo publikacji poświęconych Janowi Heweliuszowi. Z okazji czterechsetnej rocznicy jego urodzin, obchodzonych w 2011 r., zostały opublikowane cztery książki zbierające pokłosie konferencji i prelekcji, z dużym udziałem autorów zagranicznych, przedstawiających różne aspekty działalności i osiągnięć gdańskiego astronoma. W 2014 r. zainicjowano edycję korespondencji Heweliusza tomem Prologomenów. Artykuł omawia krytycznie wspomniane publikacje, wskazując ich zalety i braki.Wstępne studium tomu Prologomena Chantal Grell ukazało się także w tłumaczeniu na język polski jako osobna książka. Autorka dokładniej niż jej poprzednicy przedstawiła lata studiów Heweliusza i sieć jego korespondentów, zbytni nacisk kładąc jednak na polemiki z uczonymi francuskimi i angielskimi. Jej końcowa konkluzja, kwalifikująca Heweliusza jako amatora odizolowanego od głównych prądów w nauce XVII w., jest sprzeczna z wymową jego korespondencji, która będzie publikowana przez następne lata.
Sprawozdanie Komisji Historii Nauki PAU w roku 2016/2017
Authors: Kokowski Michał
Published: April 2018

Omówiono działalność Komisji Historii Nauki PAU w roku 2016/2017. Przedstawiono spisy posiedzeń naukowych, konferencji naukowych oraz nowych publikacji.
Topological n-cells and Hilbert cubes in inverse limits
Authors: Rubin Leonard R.
Published: April 2018

It has been shown by S. Mardešić that if a compact metrizable space X has dim X ≥ 1 and X is the inverse limit of an inverse sequence of compact triangulated polyhedra with simplicial bonding maps, then X must contain an arc.  We are going  to prove that  if X = (|Ka|,pba,(A,))is an inverse system in set theory of triangulated polyhedra|Ka|with simplicial  bonding  functions pba and X = lim X,  then  there  exists  a uniquely determined sub-inverse system XX= (|La|, pba|Lb|,(A,)) of X where for each a, La is a subcomplex of Ka, each pba|Lb|:|Lb| → |La| is  surjective,  and lim XX = X. We shall use this to generalize the Mardešić result by characterizing when the inverse limit of an inverse sequence of triangulated polyhedra with simplicial bonding maps must contain a topological n-cell and do the same in the case of an inverse system of finite triangulated polyhedra with simplicial bonding maps. We shall also characterize when the inverse limit of an inverse sequence of triangulated polyhedra with simplicial bonding maps must contain an embedded copy of the Hilbert cube. In each of the above settings, all the polyhedra have the weak topology or all have the metric topology(these topologies being identical when the polyhedra are finite).
Characterization of quantale-valued metric spaces and quantale-valued partial metric spaces by convergence
Authors: Jäger Gunther , Ahsanullah T. M. G.
Published: April 2018

We identify two categories of quantale-valued convergence tower spaces that are isomorphic to the categories of quantale-valued metric spaces and quantale-valued partial metric spaces, respectively. As an application we state a quantale-valued metrization theorem for quantale-valued convergence tower groups.
Educando en el Lenguaje Fotográfico: Algunos aportes sobre el Lenguaje Fotográfico desde las perspectivas Investigación en Artes Visuales, Investigación Basada en las Artes e Investigación Educativa y Pedagógica.
Authors: Salazar Muguerza Xabier
Published: April 2018

Este proyecto tiene como objetivo diseñar una propuesta de trabajo en Educación Secundaria que contribuya a generar una conciencia crítica visual entre los jóvenes. Para ello, se trabajará sobre el método Visual Thinking Strategies y la perspectiva de la concepción de la Imagen como Epistemología, trabajando sobre sus contrariedades y combinándolas en la propuesta artístico-educativa, la cual está basada en el consumo y la producción de imágenes fotográficas. Además, a partir de esta propuesta de taller, se ha diseñado una línea de investigación dentro de la perspectiva denominada como Investigación Basada en las Artes (en gran parte a través de la fotografía), que tiene como mayor objetivo repensar las prácticas docentes/artísticas/investigativas propias.  Palabras clave: lenguaje visual, lenguaje fotográfico, cultura visual, Medios de Comunicación de Masas, publicidad, imagen publicitaria, Visual Thinking, Imagen Epistémica, Investigación Basada en las Artes, A/r/tography.