bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
'We take academic freedom quite seriously': How university media offices manage academic public communication
Authors: Rowe David , Brass Kylie
Published: October 2011

Universities, as part of their remit as public organizations, encourage academics to disseminate their research, engage with communities and contribute to public policy formulation and debates. University media offices, whose role and size have grown as universities have developed a
more systematic, wide-ranging approach to media communication, have emerged as important organizational gatekeepers, intermediaries and managers in the 'zone' of university-public exchange. There are many pressure points related to the negotiations of university-public exchange. University
media offices are uniquely placed within this zone – they are the site where these problematic intersections both emerge and are reshaped. Drawing on research into media policy, communications and management practices at Australian universities, this article explores, using interviews,
the strategies adopted by a sample of media offices as they disseminate information about the university, manage contact between journalists and academics and influence university-based contributions to public speech. It finds a spectrum of practices of surveillance and regulation ranging
from tight management to relatively loose governance and varying levels and types of policy implementation. We also found that, while all universities exert strict control over official announcements that claim to 'speak' for them, university media offices operate in different ways according
to their location, size and remit within the university and their universities' particular histories and current place and trajectory within the national – and, increasingly, global – higher education sector. It is concluded that, especially with the spreading use of online and
social media, attempts to manage public utterances by academics are increasingly problematic, so that 'light touch' management approaches are as much an acknowledgement of the inefficacy of more interventionist approaches as enthusiastic endorsements of the publicly engaged university.
Generous, but no’ social (twenty year voyage beyond the bath-tub)
Authors: Dunn Alan
Published: October 2011

This article reflects upon two projects in Glasgow (1990–1991) and Liverpool (2008) self-initiated by artist and lecturer Alan Dunn. Both projects evolved from and were disseminated in the context of daily public transport journeys. As thousands of people are repetitively shuttled
around cities and artists sit amongst them, grey areas of mental spaces open up, spaces that Dunn proposes are conducive to creative experiences. He reflects upon art away from the studio, home, work or commerce place, when the act of moving is passive and responsibility-free. The two projects
highlight certain themes, strategies, problems and rhizomic thinking around public art. Is it public if one does not know what the public think of it? Can it be public if it is neither social nor conversational? Are the envisaged stories stronger than those overheard? Can it be public if it
is in the background and goes unnoticed? Is public an intention rather than a state?
Internet radio flows: Between the local and the global
Authors: Kuhn Fernando
Published: October 2011

The term 'international radio' has traditionally been used to refer to programmes that were broadcast to foreign audiences by government-owned radio stations from most countries using shortwave broadcasting technology. Since 1995, though, the possibility of making live transmissions
simultaneously available on the Internet has meant that radio stations can reach international audiences without the limitations faced by shortwave radio. The single public radio station per country, sometimes only operating for a few hours a day with repeated news, has been replaced by a
multitude of stations broadcasting their regular programming 24 hours a day without repetition.

This research focuses on 'radio via the Internet', taken as a type of 'international radio'; and on 'Internet radio flows', understood as a type of 'international radio flow'. It is based upon
an empirical investigation of the content and origin of such stations. It aims to map 'potential' (since it does not attempt to measure the audience of each station) international flows of radio content on the Internet by surveying a sample of 378 radio stations from 145 countries, extracted
from an universe of 3450 radio stations, through a combination of probabilistic and non-probabilistic methodologies.

The results show an overwhelmingly 'local' and diverse content to these broadcasts, but that over a nearly 20 per cent of broadcasts originate in the United States.

This article discusses the implications of such findings in terms of technological access and the notion of 'internationally oriented' radio.
Cultural imperialism of the North? The expansion of the CBC Northern Service and community radio
Authors: MacLennan Anne F.
Published: October 2011

Radio broadcasting spread quickly across southern Canada in the 1920s and 1930s through the licensing of private independent stations, supplemented from 1932 by the Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission and by its successor, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, from 1936. Broadcasting
in the Canadian North did not follow the same trajectory of development. The North was first served by the Royal Canadian Corps of Signals that operated the Northwest Territories and Yukon Radio System from 1923 until 1959. The northern Canadian radio stations then became part of the CBC.
This work explores the resistance to the CBC Northern Broadcasting Plan of 1974, which envisaged a physical expansion of the network. Southern programming was extended to the North; however, indigenous culture and language made local northern programmes more popular. Efforts to reinforce local
programming and stations were resisted by the network, while community groups in turn rebuffed the network's efforts to expand and establish its programming in the North, by persisting in attempts to establish a larger base for community radio.
An unnatural sound in Village
Authors: Smith Jacob
Published: October 2011

There is one brief sonic element in the soundtrack of Miles Goodall's Village that, despite its short duration, works to subtly recalibrate the meaning of all that surrounds it: a recorded sound played in reverse. This essay describes how that sound was invested with occult meaning
and thus shaped its strategic implementation in Village .
The way home: concealment and revelation in The War Is Over
Authors: Anderson Kevin
Published: October 2011

Through an examination of the cinematography and the editing style of the film, the article will show how these elements coalesce to serve both the story and characters, while underscoring the film's themes of loss, uncertainty and fear. The film-maker's mastery of her craft ultimately
confronts us with the realization that for Marco and his family the war is far from over.
War/Homecoming: the social covenant and the body at risk in The War Is Over
Authors: Bourgoyne Robert
Published: October 2011

This article deals with the body in war, in particular, the body at risk as well as the gap between the soldier's body and the concept of the 'social covenant' that underpins war. The film begins almost as if it were a Stella Artois ad, and then, with its last shot, makes a powerful
point about the body at risk and its invisibility in society.
Characters structuring narrative: Undressing My Mother within personal memoir film history
Authors: Aufderheide Patricia
Published: October 2011

The film is discussed within the frame of memoir films that explore the body. The relationship between son and mother is discussed in terms of the relationship between voice and image, and the film's structure is analysed in terms of the relationship between the son-and-mother dyad
and the spectator. The film is located within a tradition of memoir films.
Crying over the mother: reading (and feeling) Ken Wardrop's contradictory construction of maternal femininity
Authors: Parpart Lee
Published: October 2011

This article presents a combined affective and critical reading of Ken Wardrop's 2004 film Undressing My Mother. The author points to contradictions in the way temporally distinct scripts of Irish femininity are accessed and formally represented within Wardrop's film, and traces her
own divided emotional and critical investments in the film's representation of Ethel as a socially conditioned subject caught between modern and postmodern constructions of Irish motherhood.
From provocation to poignancy: affect and the maternal body in Undressing My Mother
Authors: Galow Timothy W.
Published: October 2011

Undressing My Mother contains a series of unsettling formal conflicts, as between the unspeaking (often headless) woman on the screen and the intimate voice-over. Yet the seemingly contradictory elements all help to downplay the potential provocations of the mother's body and convey
her sense of loss.
Europe is ageing: the Oedipal trajectory and its social implications in Alumbramiento
Authors: Rydzewska Joanna
Published: October 2011

From a gendered perspective, Alumbramiento is a traditional Oedipal scenario. However, in spite of the supposed ahistoricism of its Freudian overtones, they could and should be read as having profoundly social implications. If, on the individual level of one family, the film explores the death of the matriarch and the emotional and practical impact it has on her son and daughter, at the more collective level it extends to the issue of ageing Europe and the question of who is doing the caring. As such the film reinforces the gendered division of caring labour where it is women who carry its burden.
The biopolitics of death in Chapero-Jackson’s Alumbramiento
Authors: Méndez Germán Labrador
Published: October 2011

This article will analyse Alumbramiento in the context of the sociology of death, examining whether the ways in which it portrays death and dying reflect recent changes that have taken place in contemporary Spain.
Overcoming darkness: Alumbramiento’s journey towards illumination
Authors: Bou Enric
Published: October 2011

This article focuses on the important role that light plays throughout the film. The title itself, and the film's plot, stress the fact that everything is told in reverse, with oxymoronic elements playing a significant role. This is also the case with a celebrated poem by Vicente Aleixandre, 'Ven siempre ven', among other works, in which the title's imperative sentence is negated by what follows.
He, she, the camera, the movie: chains of enunciation and spaces of undecidability in Derailment
Authors: Kyndrup Morten
Published: October 2011

This article will concentrate on the problem of the film's distribution of so-called epistemic competence. It will analyse the film's carefully mounted spaces of undecidability where focalization, authorial/personal narration and (enounced) enunciation as a whole are concerned.
De-familiarization and estrangement in Sunday
Authors: Bullaro Grace Russo
Published: October 2011

Drawing on the theory of 'de-familiarization', this essay expands on its former applications to literature and the visual arts (specifically cubism) in order to extend it to a reading of John Lawlor's cinematic text, examining how one brief question, 'Mum … Have you ever had an orgasm?' shatters the long-established cliché of the provincial Sunday dinner characterized by vacuity and an absence of action.
REVIEWS
Authors: Krasner Orly , Clum John M. , Francis David
Published: October 2011

RUDOLF FRIML [AMERICAN COMPOSERS], WILLIAM EVERETT (2008) Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 132 pp., ISBN 978-0-252-03381-0, Hardback, $35.00 THE HAMMERSTEINS: A MUSICAL THEATRE FAMILY, OSCAR ANDREW HAMMERSTEIN (2010) New York: Black Dog and Leventhal, 236 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-57912-846-3, Hardback, $35.00 BOUFFONERIE MUSICALE: THE STORY OF H. B. FARNIE, AUTHOR, JOURNALIST, GOLFER, LIBRETTIST, ADAPTER, AND SONG WRITER (1836–1889), KEITH DRUMMOND SHARP (2010) Forest Row: the Queme Press in conjunction with the Fife Family History Society,
220 pp., ISBN 978-0-9567090-0-4, Paperback, £8.50
Musical theatre and the almighty dollar: What a tangled web they weave
Authors: Wollman Elizabeth , Sternfeld Jessica
Published: October 2011

In this introduction to Studies in Musical Theatre’s special issue on theatre and the economy at the millennium, the production history and financial aspects of the troubled, $70 million Broadway musical Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark are discussed in relation to the contemporary
commercial theatre and the current economic climate.
From Broadway to Vegas: The triumphs and tribulations of Avenue Q
Authors: Baker Hilary
Published: October 2011

Avenue Q represents an important case study in contemporary theatre economics. A hit in New York, Avenue Q proved that the musical was far from a ‘dying genre’ and could be successful with younger audiences. The musical’s popularity in New York was in part the result
of a new marketing model that combined novel trends of Internet marketing with standard branding techniques, and served as an example of how to compete in the changing entertainment market. However, Avenue Q’s status as a financial failure when it was transplanted to Las Vegas complicates
its reception. A study of the New York and Las Vegas productions isolates specific elements, both economic and cultural, of their respective markets that resonate with broader trends in contemporary musical theatre production. The case of Avenue Q demonstrates that the reception of musicals
during this age of global reproduction can nonetheless be specific to geographical region.
Signifying Beijing: Legitimizing innovation in the Chinese jingju play Camel Xiangzi
Authors: Evans Megan
Published: October 2011

Jingju (Beijing/Peking opera) is a synthesis of elements of many different regional forms and has a ‘tradition’ of innovation and integration of diverse influences. But it currently sits at the centre of intense conflicting pressures: the need to innovate to attract contemporary
audiences and the need to preserve, engendered by its current status as endangered yet nationally representative performing art. As a result, jingju has become a difficult form within which to innovate successfully. This article analyses the interplay of traditional and innovative aural and
visual elements in a 1999 award-winning jingju production, Camel Xiangzi. Jingju musical structures provided the core mode of character expression, but were interlaced with Beijing folk melodies and computer-synthesized elements in effective and innovative ways.
Exploring the evolution of a social innovation: A case study from India
Authors: Datta Punita Bhatt
Published: October 2011

This article aims to develop insights into the innovation process in social entrepreneurship (henceforth, social innovation process). This research adopts a single case study approach analysing the case history of a social innovation from the initiation of a new idea right through to
its scaling stage. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with various actors involved in the social innovation: social entrepreneurs, employees, partners and beneficiaries. The interview data were supplemented with observations made during site visits and with secondary sources. Evidence
from the case study suggests that the social innovation process is highly dynamic and iterative. Further, three temporal stages can be identified in the process: initiation, development and scaling.
Adding a chapter to art education history: visual culture curriculum
Authors: Grubbs Jeffrey B.
Published: October 2011

The purpose of this article is to give a succinct historical analysis of the visual culture art education movement, thus updating art education’s history. This article looks at art education history through two broad perspectives – sociocultural and sociopolitical –
for the purpose of gaining new insight into why this type of curriculum developed. Through this analysis six themes emerged in visual culture art education literature, supported by the writings of the leading visual culture art education scholars Paul Duncum, Kerry Freedman and Kevin Tavin.
Engagement in the arts and self-efficacy of adolescent women
Authors: Brens Madeleine , Hickman Richard
Published: October 2011

Increasingly, engagement in the arts is believed to have the ability to address the challenges faced during adolescence and effect change beyond the scope of developing technical skills or aesthetic understanding. The purpose of this article is to review the literature on the benefits
of arts engagement and self-efficacy: specifically its relation to the experiences of adolescent females. We will begin by providing a rationale for the focus on adolescent females by reviewing the role of self-efficacy in the developmental needs of adolescent women. Following this will be
a review of the literature on youth engagement in the arts focusing on the potential positive outcomes on the affective domain. We argue that self-efficacy is fundamental for the positive development of young women and that within the context of arts education research further investigation
into the relationship between arts engagement and self-efficacy is needed.
From text-linguistics to literaryactants—The force dynamics of (emotional) vampirism
Authors: Kimmel Michael
Published: October 2011

This article provides some groundwork for applying the cognitive linguistic theory offorce dynamics(Talmy 1988, 2000) to narrative discourse. It proposes that Talmy's analytic apparatus is suitable for revealing character-related dynamics in literature, especially by exploiting the previously unnoticed convergence with the notion ofactancyproposed by the narratologist Greimas (1966). Force imagery both in ordinary action descriptions and in metaphor opens a vista on how readers infer, stabilize, and elaborate narrative macro-representations of “who wants what” and “who does what to whom?” Hence, texts subtly encode aspects of higher-level story logic through forces, enabling readers (and scholars) to detect and scale up coherence patterns that shed light on character motives, protagonist interaction, and plot dynamics. A full-scale text linguistic analysis is proposed. My case study of about 500 text units found in Joseph Sheridan LeFanu's novellaCarmilla(1872) reveals a dynamic web ofdriving, penetrating, manipulating, attracting,anderuptingforces between the two main protagonists, a beautiful girl vampire and her 19 year-old victim.
Crack Closure Behavior on a Variety of Materials under High Stress Ratios and Kmax Test Conditions
Authors: Yamada Y. , Newman J. C.
Published: October 2011

Fatigue-crack-growth-rate tests on compact specimens have been made on a variety of materials (2024-T3, 2324-T39, 7050-T7451, 4340 steel, and Inconel-718) over a wide range in stress ratios from 0.1 to 0.9 (and 0.95 in some cases) and several Kmax test conditions. Test data has been generated from threshold to near fracture using the compression precracking constant amplitude or compression precracking load reduction test methods in the threshold regime; and constant-amplitude loading at higher rates. A remote back-face strain (BFS) gage was used to monitor crack growth and to measure crack-opening loads. Local strain gages were also placed along and slightly off (about one-half thickness) the anticipated crack path to measure crack-opening loads. Elber’s load-against-reduced-strain method was used to determine crack-opening loads by means of visual inspection (equivalent to a 0 % compliance offset). For a particular material, the BFS and local strain gages produced essentially the same crack-opening loads at low stress ratio (R = 0.1) conditions. But at high stress ratios (R ≥ 0.7) and Kmax test conditions, the local gages produced significantly higher crack-opening loads than the BFS gage in the threshold and near-threshold regimes. Previous research had proposed that high stress ratios (R ≥ 0.7) and Kmax test conditions produce closure-free conditions based on crack-mouth-opening-displacement or BFS gages, and plasticity-induced crack-closure modeling. However, crack closure under high stress ratios (R ≥ 0.7) and Kmax test conditions is attributed to residual-plastic deformations, crack-surface roughness, and/or fretting-debris. From local crack-opening load measurements, the effective stress-intensity-factor range (ΔKeff) appears to be uniquely related to the crack-growth rate in the threshold and near-threshold regimes.
Intensive Quenching of Steel Parts and Tools in Water Salt Solutions of Optimal Concentration
Authors: Kobasko N. I. , Moskalenko A. A. , Dobryvechir V. V. , Protsenko L. M.
Published: October 2011

In this paper, a method of intensive quenching in water salt solutions, known as the IQ-2 process, is considered. To realize the IQ-2 process, water salt solutions were used, including with NaNO3, Na2CO3, NaCl, CaCl2, MgCl2, Ca(OH)2, and others salts. It is shown that the effectiveness of intensive quenching can be improved via the use of water salt solutions of optimal concentration. In order to prevent the corrosion of steel parts, a small amount of Ca(OH)2 was added to water salt solutions of sodium and calcium chloride to create a pH of 8 to 12. The proposed technology is less expensive compared to conventional quenching methods while providing the same or better end results in terms of increasing the service life of steel parts and tools and components made of powder metal materials. It is shown that the intensive quenching of tools by water salt solutions of optimal concentration increases the service life of tools by 1.5 to 2 times as compared with the oil quenching process.
Surviving to Tell the Tale: Argonne's Intense Pulsed Neutron Source from an Ecosystem Perspective
Authors: Westfall Catherine
Published: October 2011

At first glance the story of the Intense Pulsed Neutron Source (IPNS), an accelerator-driven neutron source for exploring the structure of materials through neutron scattering, seems to be one of puzzling ups and downs. For example, Argonne management, Department of Energy officials, and materials science reviewers continued to offer, then withdraw, votes of confidence even though the middling-sized IPNS produced high-profile research, including work that made the cover of Nature in 1987. In the midst of this period of shifting opinion and impressive research results, some Argonne materials scientists were unenthusiastic, members of the laboratory's energy physics group were key supporters, and materials scientists at another laboratory provided, almost fortuitously, a new lease on life. What forces shaped the puzzling life cycle of the IPNS? And what role—if any—did the moderate price tag and the development of scientific and technological ideas play in the course it took?

To answer these questions this paper looks to an ecosystem metaphor for inspiration, exploring how opinions, ideas, and machinery emerged from the interrelated resource economies of Argonne, the DOE, and the materials science community by way of a tangled web of shifting group interactions. The paper will conclude with reflections about what the resulting focus on relationality explains about the IPNS story as well as the underlying dynamic that animates knowledge production at U.S. national laboratories.
Un programa de investigación-acción con profesores de secundaria sobre la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la energía: un estudio de caso
Authors: Bañas Carlos , Pavón Rosa , Ruiz Constantino , Mellado Vicente
Published: November 2011

Se describe un programa de investigación-acción, basado en la reflexión metacognitiva, llevado a cabo en un colegio de secundaria en España con cuatro profesores de ciencias en los cursos 2002/03 y 2003/04. Durante la investigación los profesores analizaron las ideas alternativas de sus estudiantes sobre la energía, así como sus propios métodos de enseñanza por medio de grabaciones de video de sus clases, a partir de los cuales planificaron nuevas unidades didácticas. En el artículo nos centramos en el caso de una profesora con experiencia, de nombre supuesto Raquel y mostramos como evolucionan durante el programa su modelo didáctico y las ideas de sus alumnos sobre la energía. Los resultados muestran que la reflexión de la profesora sobre las ideas alternativas más comunes de sus estudiantes, así como sobre su enseñanza en el aula le permitió planificar para el segundo año nuevas unidades didácticas, que tuvieron en cuenta las ideas alternativas de los estudiantes y que incluyeron nuevas estrategias, recursos y actividades. Sin embargo la evolución del modelo global de Raquel hacia la orientación investigadora-constructivista, no fue suficiente para la mejora del aprendizaje de los alumnos en varios conceptos de la energía, por lo que es necesario seguir trabajando, no tanto en su modelo didáctico general, sino en su conocimiento didáctico del contenido sobre la energía.
Elevated Infant Mortality Rates among Oral Cleft and Isolated Oral Cleft Cases: A Meta-Analysis of Studies from 1943 to 2010
Authors: Carlson Lucas , Hatcher Kristin Ward , Vander Burg Richard
Published: October 2011

Objective

To review available published literature in order to obtain a more comprehensive assessment of the association between infant mortality and oral clefts, overall and isolated.

Design

A wide-ranging search of published studies relating infant mortality rates to oral clefts and congenital malformations was conducted, yielding applicable data sets. Settings of the included studies varied to a limited extent, although all were conducted within high-income countries with superior health indicators. These results were tabulated and meta-analyzed. Random effects odds ratios comparing each data set with its respective population have been used to account for differing settings and specific infant mortality rates.

Results

Nine articles with relatable data were included in these meta-analyses. The calculated odds ratio of infant mortality associated with oral cleft cases, including those with associated malformations, was substantial: 9.466 (95% confidence interval, 6.153 to 14.560). Excluding oral cleft cases with associated malformations, the odds ratio, although lower, was still significant: 2.073 (95% confidence interval, 1.390 to 3.092).

Conclusions

Compared with the overall population, infants with oral clefts have nine times the odds of dying within the first year of life. Furthermore, even without additional malformations, infants with oral clefts are still twice as likely to die before 1 year of age. Current research points to a substantially higher relative risk of infant mortality among oral cleft cases in developing countries. Additional research is essential to determine the sources of these raised infant mortality rates and possible interventions to decrease them.
Morphology of the Levator Veli Palatini Muscle Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Perry Jamie L. , Kuehn David P. , Sutton Bradley P.
Published: October 2011

Background

No studies have reported the circumference and diameter of the levator veli palatini muscle at multiple points along its length and from both views (frontal and lateral). The purpose of this study was to provide quantitative data regarding the levator muscle morphology along the length of the muscle using magnetic resonance imaging and advanced three-dimensional computer technology.

Methods

Ten Caucasian male subjects participated in the study. Subjects were scanned using a Siemens 3 T Trio. Levator muscle measures were obtained using a two-dimensional image plane. A three-dimensional model was used to measure the circumference and muscle diameter (in two directions) at six points along the length of the levator muscle.

Results

Levator muscle length ranged from 41.67 mm to 52.85 mm across all subjects. Mean extravelar muscle length was 30.55 mm (SD, 2.8 mm) and 30.01 mm (SD, 2.9 mm) for right and left muscles. The mean circumference at the origin was 18.90 mm (SD, 2.6 mm). At the second point, the muscle circumference mean increased slightly (mean, 22.40 mm; SD, 4.9 mm). The means for the remainder of the measures (points 3, 4, 5, and 6) were consistent, showing little to no change.

Conclusion

Circumference and diameter values were similar to those reported in previous literature. The muscle did diverge at the point where the muscle bundle entered the velum, as it has been previously described. Instead, the muscle diverges near the midline insertion becoming sparser (smaller superior-to-inferior diameter).
Achilles, Celebrity Recluse
Authors: Farred Grant
Published: October 2011

Refusing to fight the trojans because he will not countenance agamemnon's colonizing self-interest, achilles re-treated to his tent. All because Agamemnon did not want to give up a woman (Chryseis) and, when he is forced to do so, claims a woman who was part of Achilles's war bounty (Briseis). Suffering humiliation after injustice is not a fate that proud Achilles will endure, and he responds to this outrage with a signal act: retreat. In this moment, Homer's “brilliant Achilles,” famed military man and the “greatest hero of the Greeks,” becomes the first celebrity recluse in history (1.10). Achilles is the first figure to give the recluse a (heroic) place in the popular imaginary. We even have a phrase for Achilles's act, bequeathed to us as an accusation: sulking in one's tent. This popular expression is used to indict, often harshly, those who quit because they believe they have been unfairly treated. In leveling this charge, we implicitly side with Agamemnon, who accuses Achilles of the most dastardly military act: “Desert, by all means, if the spirit drives you home!” (1.204). As an expression, sulking in one's tent is ripe for mockery, redolent with puerile imagery, conjuring up scenarios in which spoiled children, obstreperous adolescents, or overindulged celebrities behave badly because they cannot get their way.
The Doubting-Thomas Effect
Authors: Roach Joseph
Published: October 2011

Charismatic celebrities have open wounds. Fans have probing fingers. Drawn together by doubt, as in Caravaggio'sThe Incredulity of Saint Thomas, they collaborate in hopes of reassurance. The baroque painter shows Christ guiding the hand of the doubting apostle, who finds the bloodless hole and inserts his index finger up to the second knuckle. The quizzical expression on Thomas's face highlights by contrast Christ's patient indulgence as they come together in an impromptu ritual of verification, initiating what a recent theorist of celebrity calls the Saint Thomas effect, which describes the need of fans for intimate authentication, insisting, as they tend to do, on all the gory details (Rojek 62). The deep contradictions at the heart of celebrity incite this relentless probing: a divine being, apparently not at all like them (having risen from the dead, for instance), may prove in crucially titillating ways to be just like them after all. But what the millions of fingers seek they never satisfactorily find. For the celebrity to remain celebrated, the contradiction that defines his or her mystery must remain in continual uncertainty, flickering between highlight and shadow, visibility and invisibility, teasing the eyes of the beholders and leaving them in doubt, like the searing effect of Caravaggio's chiaroscuro, which catches Saint Thomas at a moment of suspense, still undecided between skepticism and belief.
The Overexpressive Celebrity and the Deformed King: Recasting the Spectacle as Subject in Colley Cibber'sRichard III
Authors: Fawcett Julia H.
Published: October 2011

In this essay, I examine Colley Cibber's adaptation of Shakespeare'sRichard III(1699) to explore the intersections between celebrity and surveillance in eighteenth-century England. Drawing on vocabularies from performance studies, disability studies, theater history, and literary studies, I theorize a strategy of self-representation that England's first modern celebrities developed to maintain their fame while protecting their privacy from the spectators' anatomizing gaze. Cibber used his performance of Richard's disabled body to disrupt his spectators' attempts to characterize or categorize his identity. By displaying a body that demanded attention at the same time that it defied Enlightenment grammars of behavior—and by publishing literary self-representations littered with misspelled words and blotted pages—Cibber became an early practitioner of “overexpression,” a strategy that allowed him to make himself visible without becoming vulnerable to his public's attempts to interpret, dissect, and disseminate the secrets of his private life.
Garrick among Media: The “NowPerformer” Navigates the News
Authors: Sherman Stuart
Published: October 2011

David Garrick, having achieved unprecedented fame in a world newly shaped and suffused by the daily press, conducted his career from a perception that no predecessor had had reason to grapple with and that scholars now are just beginning to explore: that newspapers had altered the cultural timescape—had extended indefinitely thenowwherein performer and public might mesh with one another. At stake throughout Garrick's career was the question not only of what press and player might do to or for each other tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow but also of whether the not-altogether-poor player's reputation might outlast, in any way and to any extent, his corporeal hour upon the stage. The answers Garrick tried for—at once ingenious and incomplete—can help us calibrate the intricate relation between performance and documentation, at a moment when each was newly, powerfully inflecting the other.
Global assessment of the non‐equilibrium concept in rangelands
Authors: von Wehrden Henrik , Hanspach Jan , Kaczensky Petra , Fischer Joern , Wesche Karsten
Published: October 2011

The non‐equilibrium concept of rangeland dynamics predicts that the potential for grazing‐induced degradation is low in rangelands with relatively variable precipitation. To date, evidence in support of the non‐equilibrium concept has been inconsistent. Using a standardized protocol, including a newly developed global map of rainfall variability, we reviewed the incidence of degradation in relation to rainfall variability across 58 published studies. We distinguished between (1) zonal degradation (i.e., degradation independent of water and key resources), (2) degradation in the presence of key resources, and (3) degradation in the presence of water. For studies not affected by proximity to permanent water or key resources, we found strong support for the non‐equilibrium concept for rangelands. Zonal degradation was absent at CV (coefficient of variation) values above 33%, which has been proposed as a critical threshold. Grazing degradation was almost entirely restricted to areas with relatively stable annual precipitation as expressed by a low CV, or to rangelands with key resources or water points nearby. To better understand rangeland dynamics, we recommend that future studies use globally comparable measures of degradation and rainfall variability. Our work underlines that rangelands with relatively stable rainfall patterns, and those with access to water or key resources, are potentially vulnerable to degradation. Grazing management in such areas should incorporate strategic rest periods. Such rest periods effectively mimic natural fluctuations in herbivore populations, which are a defining characteristic of non‐degraded rangelands occurring under highly variable precipitation regimes.
Improvements in Cutter Technology Leads to Faster Drilling in Hard Abrasive Formations, East Texas Basin
Authors: Gonzales Albert , Clark Terrell , Douglas Charles , Mueller Levi , Yu Jiaqing , Shi Jibin , Zhang Youhe
Published: October 2011

Drilling the hard, abrasive and interbedded Travis Peak and Cotton Valley formations in East Texas creates a problem for polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bits. Historically, conventional PDC cutting elements failed quickly due to formation abrasiveness, impact damage and thermal fatigue. These cutter limitations are the major factor restricting further advancement of PDC drilling in East Texas.

New cutter technology and manufacturing processes have yielded a highly abrasion resistant PDC bit enabling faster drilling, increased footage and improved dull condition in the basin. Furthermore, intervals that normally require multiple PDC bits/runs to reach TD are now being drilled in some cases with one bit saving the operator trip time and bit cost.

In spite of the advancements the majority of bits were repeatedly lacking favorable dull grades, typically a 1-2-WT or worse. Further improvements were necessary to advance the cutter's abrasion resistance for these applications. To achieve the objective and improve PDC cutter performance to save the operator additional cost, engineers refined and implemented new procedures to increase abrasion resistance. This technology platform used to produce the next generation premium cutters included:

Tighter diamond packing Diamond table synthesized under extremely HP/HT for enhanced abrasion resistance Refined post-pressing process to reduce residual stress and improve thermal stability

In laboratory experiments, the next generation cutter (O2) has shown a 15% improvement in abrasion resistance in wear index comparisons against the previous generation (O1) premium cutters. The tests were performed on a vertical turret lathe under cooling and non cooling conditions. Field testing of the new cutter was done in limited quantities across East Texas. In these tests the new cutter has achieved an average ROP increase of approximately 15% while producing improved dull bit condition. The next generation O2 cutters are expected to have a positive economic impact in the East Texas region and in other hard and abrasive applications worldwide.
Challenges in Selection and Design the Beam Pumped Well Completions
Authors: Ghareeb Mohamed Moustafa , Greer Bob
Published: October 2011

Completion string is a critical component of the well production system and it must be efficiently designed, installed and maintained. Each production system for artificially pumped wells, have different requirements. Downhole pumps are a common means of boosting the productivity of a well by lowering the buttonmhole pressure. Rather than lowering pressure gradient in the tubing to reduce the bottomhole pressure as in gas lift.

Two types of pumps are used: positive-displacement pumps, which include sucker rod pumps and dynamic displacement pumps, which include electrical submersible pumps. With the improvement in the sucker rod pumping system capabilities in producing tough conditions wells (deep, sandy, gassy, deviated and horizontal wells), selecting the right completion components became extremely necessary to extend run life and reduce operating costs for this type of artificially lifted well.

In a standard rod pumping completion, the tubing and the pump seating nipple are the essential parts in the completion string. But for moderate and deeper wells, a tubing anchor catcher (TAC) became the third important part for successful artificial lift well operations. In case of tough well, selections of the right subsurface completion components are necessary to extend the life and reduce operating costs of the well hardware. Each case may require especial design and running tools selection.

Searching in different literatures showed that there is no adequate information about beam pumping wells completions. This paper addresses the analysis of the current well completions conditions and associated problems and then it will present practical completion solutions for normal and difficult well conditions. This paper will also present case studies from different countries.
First Successful Implementation of MPD Technology in PDO Sultanate of Oman to Mitigate Drilling Hazards
Authors: Al-Hamhami Saif , Al-Habsi Hamood , Al-Farsi Mohammed , Al-Abri Badar , Arnone Maurizio , Morales Danilo
Published: October 2011

For a long time PDO has been suffering from high NPT in some of the Harweel cluster fields located in the south of the Sultanate of Oman, due to drilling through deep high pressure H/C bearings with a narrow heavy MW envelope. Most of these NPTs were due to kick/ loss events, differential sticking, and well control situations.

This field is classified as high risk because it has deep HP sour reservoirs.

Drilling problems arise in the 8.3/8’’ section while drilling through a thick Salt formation that contains floating carbonate bodies. These floaters are normally tight, highly pressurized and small in size.

The tolerance window between the pore pressure of the higher pressurized floaters & the formation strength of the relatively lower pressure reservoir is very narrow with respect to the high ECD generated by heavy mud used in these formations. In some cases dynamic losses occur in the lower pressure reservoir while trying to balance the pore pressures of the highly pressurized carbonate body floaters. Mud deterioration due to sour influxes in heavy mud environment sometimes makes the well control situation even more complicated.

Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) technology has been identified as a potential solution for these drilling problems.

An MPD trial was conducted successfully in this field which brought huge learning's to PDO. The main achieved KPI in this trial was drilling the troublesome section with MPD system maintaining constant bottom hole pressure.

This paper will address the following topics; description of problems encountered while drilling this section, demonstration of how MPD technology is believed to solve these problems and an in-depth description & analysis of the successful trial from the early planning phase to the end, capturing all the learning's for future implementations.
New PDC Technologies Increase Durability and Enable Faster Drilling in Hard/Abrasive Formation
Authors: Henry Todd , Sherif Mohamed , Ragheb Ahmed
Published: October 2011

In Egypt's Western Desert, the Alam El-Buieb formation (AEB) and the Safa reservoirs have remained a challenge to drill because of their high compressive strengths and abrasive sandstone/siltstone formations. In the AEB and Safa formations, vertical sections are drilled regularly using several 8½-in roller-cone tungsten carbide insert (TCI) bits. To improve section performance and reduce overall cost per foot ($/ft), impregnated bits run on turbines and high speed motors were initially used. While these types of bottom hole assemblies (BHA) had advantages, they also came with disadvantages: The high- running costs and greater lost-in-hole (LIH) costs associated with these assemblies was a concern for most operators. Additionally, some rigs lacked the power to run them. These conditions motivated operators and bit suppliers to find alternative assemblies that can successfully drill challenging sections while reducing the $/ft by increasing the ROP and the footage each bit drills.

Recent advancements in polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bit design have made this possible. By altering PDC-bit profile, shape, cone angles, back rake angles, cutters and conducting test runs while being guided by finite element analysis (FEA) based modeling system and CFD modeling, design teams have produced PDC bits that are best suited for the targeted application (formation and rotary BHA). In conclusion, the newly designed PDC bits have shown a significant increase in ROP and footage compared to TCI and impregnated bits. The result is a significant reduction in drilling costs running PDC on rotary assemblies.
Development of a Global Drilling Performance Database
Authors: Hanley Chris , Kubicki Jillian , Lumpkin Michael , Tompkins Lee
Published: October 2011

The availability and accessibility of an organized and comprehensive set of business specific information is paramount to the success of any organization. However, as businesses grow, change directions, acquire new companies, or merge multiple units, it is easy for this valuable information to become disjointed, segmented, or difficult to find.

In order for the right information to be available to the right people at the right time, innovative methods of capturing and storing this information must be developed and these systems must have the scalability to grow and morph at the same pace as the business.

This paper will present the development of a new global drilling performance database system to integrate the legacy drilling performance information captured and stored by three different drilling-related business units (drill bits, coring systems, and drilling tools). A multi-disciplinary project team including field operations representatives from each business unit along with a group of IT project managers, analysts, and software developers was assembled to design the new system to ensure it would meet the needs of each business unit and also to make certain that the system would have the necessary flexibility to expand and evolve with the company as required.

Innovative methods and best IT practices were employed in the development of the system, guaranteeing the availability of the key field performance information for each product type to the global user group from each business unit. Additionally, the organization of information in the new system is such that all of the product performance data related to a single drilling process is stored together, increasing the visibility of the performance of the full range of product offerings to the global user group to better enable more holistic drilling solutions. Case studies demonstrating the value-added to the users of the new system will be presented.
Drilling Optimization Using New Directional Drilling Technology
Authors: Eltayeb May , Heydari Mohammad Reza , Nasrumminallah Muhammad , Bugni Michael , Edwards John Ernest , Frigui Mejdi , Nadjeh Imad , Al Habsy Hilal
Published: October 2011

A horizontal drilling campaign in Oman required an engineering solution to address the challenges in the 8.5-in. buildup section. The challenges include high dogleg requirements with dogleg severity (DLS) of 9°/100 ft to 11°/100 ft, long reactive shale intervals, poor wellbore quality, weight transfer issues, trajectory control, hole cleaning, differential sticking, and difficulties running the liner. All of these challenges have resulted in wells being over AFE and in an extreme case, the loss of one well. The typical well plan was designed for a 12.25-in. vertical section, then an 8.5-in. build section from vertical to a 90° inclination at buildup rate of 117100 ft to the reservoir entry, followed by a 6.125-in. lateral.

A joint effort by the operator and directional drilling service provider was carried out to engineer a solution for overcoming the challenges faced by conventional steerable motor assemblies. The 12.25-in. section was drilled vertically with the motor, and the 8.5-in. section was drilled using a new fully rotating hybrid rotary steerable system (RSS). This technology was proposed to overcome all the drilling challenges with faster penetration rates compared to conventional steering assemblies, while still delivering the planned 11°/100 ft DLS while fully rotating. This solution allowed the operator to safely and efficiently drill the 8.5-in. section without issue, both while drilling and running casing, and enabled savings of 3 days from the planned AFE.

This new hybrid RSS has proven to be capable of drilling steerable motor profiles with DLS capabilities up to 17°/100 ft in full rotation. The rate of penetration in these sections is also enhanced as no sliding or tool face orientations are required.

For certain well profiles, this RSS is a step change in the industry and has facilitated steerable motor profiles to be drilled in continuous rotation at higher penetration rates.