bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Benchmarking protein language models for protein crystallization
Authors: Mall Raghvendra , Kaushik Rahul , Martinez Zachary A. , Thomson Matt W. , Castiglione Filippo
Published: January 2025

The problem of protein structure determination is usually solved by X-ray crystallography. Several in silico deep learning methods have been developed to overcome the high attrition rate, cost of experiments and extensive trial-and-error settings, for predicting the crystallization propensities of proteins based on their sequences. In this work, we benchmark the power of open protein language models (PLMs) through the TRILL platform, a be-spoke framework democratizing the usage of PLMs for the task of predicting crystallization propensities of proteins. By comparing LightGBM / XGBoost classifiers built on the average embedding representations of proteins learned by different PLMs, such as ESM2, Ankh, ProtT5-XL, ProstT5, xTrimoPGLM, SaProt with the performance of state-of-the-art sequence-based methods like DeepCrystal, ATTCrys and CLPred, we identify the most effective methods for predicting crystallization outcomes. The LightGBM classifiers utilizing embeddings from ESM2 model with 30 and 36 transformer layers and 150 and 3000 million parameters respectively have performance gains by 3-
$$5\%$$
than all compared models for various evaluation metrics, including AUPR (Area Under Precision-Recall Curve), AUC (Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve), and F1 on independent test sets. Furthermore, we fine-tune the ProtGPT2 model available via TRILL to generate crystallizable proteins. Starting with 3000 generated proteins and through a step of filtration processes including consensus of all open PLM-based classifiers, sequence identity through CD-HIT, secondary structure compatibility, aggregation screening, homology search and foldability evaluation, we identified a set of 5 novel proteins as potentially crystallizable.
DNDMH enabled C(sp3)–H nitration of aryl alkenes
Authors: Wang Zhiyuan , Li Yali , Ding Xuena , Sun Yuancheng , Chen Chongchong , Sun Wei , Hu Xiangdong
Published: January 2025

C(sp3)–H bond nitration of aryl alkenes has been achieved with DNDMH, a nitration reagent developed previously in our lab. This process presents excellent C6/C3 regioselectitvity and chemoselectivity between C(sp3)–H nitration and C(sp2)–H nitration.
Heterostructure MoS2/NiS supported on 3D nano-porous Ni as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for overall water splitting
Authors: Ouyang Dekai , Liu Haorui , Zhou Qi , Feng Chenchen
Published: January 2025

A three-dimensional nano-porous Ni-supported heterostructure MoS2/NiS was prepared using one-pot hydrothermal method combined with dealloying as an efficient electrocatalyst for integral water decomposition.
Realizing zero-threshold population inversion via plasmonic doping
Authors: Ijaz Mohsin , Zhang Hao , Wagner Isabella , Liu Fengjiang , Samoli Margarita , Hens Zeger , Geiregat Pieter , Hodgkiss Justin M. , Blaikie Richard J. , Ding Boyang , Chen Yu-Hui , Chen Kai , Qiu Min
Published: January 2025

Achieving near-zero threshold population inversion in quantum dots via hot electron doping from plasmonic resonators.
Thermal conductivity and balanced performance in infrared nonlinear optical multicomponent chalcogenides LixAg1−xGayIn1−ySe2
Authors: Isaenko L. I. , Xu Bohui , Korzhneva K. E. , Gong Pifu , Samoshkin D. A. , Kurus A. F. , Lin Zheshuai
Published: January 2025

Combined machine-learning with experimental evaluations, the thermal conductivities in IR nonlinear optical chalcogenides LixAg1−xGayIn1−ySe2 series are investigated, and three compositions exhibit balanced properties.
Potent inhibitors of the human RNA ligase Rlig1 highlights its role in RNA integrity maintenance under oxidative cellular stress
Authors: Schlor Lisa A. , Peußner Maya , Müller Silke , Marx Andreas
Published: January 2025

We report on the development of inhibitors of human RNA ligase 1 (Rlig1).
A facile combined therapy of chemotherapeutic agent and microRNA for hepatocellular carcinoma using non-cationic nanogel
Authors: Zhang Dingyue , Zuo Mingxiang , Zhou Jinhui , Ouyang Siyu , Liu Shuang , Yuan Jianming , Ou Chiyi , Chen Qinghua , Yu Dongsheng , Cheng Du , Wang Jin
Published: January 2025

In this work, a facile approach was developed to co-deliver doxorubicin and miRNA-26a using a non-cationic nanogel.
Nanoparticles modified with glucose analogs to enhance the permeability of the blood–brain barrier and their accumulation in the epileptic brain
Authors: Meng Qian , Zhang Xiaoyu , Chen Yuwen , Yang Hao , Liu Jinshuai , Yang Zifan , Lei Jianxiang , Lu Fengqing , Hao Dengyuan , Feng Lijie , Wang Yu
Published: January 2025

Nanoparticles were modified with glucose analogs to facilitate BBB penetration and on-demand brain accumulation of nanoparticles was achieved in the epileptic brain.
Nonunion Rate following Ulnar Shortening Osteotomy using Brand-Specific Systems: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pasdar Pouria , Shariyate Mohammad Javad , Ghayyad Kassem , Bachoura Abdo , Kachooei Amir R.
Published: January 2025

Objectives This study aims to compare nonunion rates between conventional plates versus specific systems for ulnar shortening osteotomy (USO).

Materials and Methods To identify relevant studies, we searched various databases, including MEDLINE via Ovid, Embase.com, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane CENTRAL via Wiley, and Google Scholar. The level of evidence was assessed independently by three evaluators. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews (PRISMA) recommendations were followed during the study selection process, which involved applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. All studies that reported the postoperative nonunion rates and mentioned the manufacturer of the fixation device were included. A total of 42 studies were analyzed, with information retrieved on osteotomy type, fixation type, manufacturer, bone union period, and nonunion rate for each study.

Results A total of 42 relevant articles were included in this study, with a total sample size of 1617 cases. The nonunion rate with the conventional plates was 5% (41 nonunion out of 815 cases).

The reported nonunion rate was 0% (0 out of 67 cases) for the Stryker Trauma plates, 1.9% (three nonunion out of 157 cases) for the Rayhack plates, 4% (11 nonunion out of 271 cases) for the Acumed plates, 10.3% (3 nonunion out of 29 cases) for the specialized AO plates and 5% (14 nonunion and out of 278 cases) for the TriMed plates.

Conclusion Despite advances in plate designs for USO, the overall nonunion rate with USO-specific systems is almost comparable to that of conventional plates. So, it seems likely that the surgical technique and patient characteristics may play a more significant role than the type of device when planning for a USO. Cost and time savings should be weighed and considered when choosing between the less expensive conventional plates versus USO-specific systems.

Level of Evidence Prognostic level IV
Dorsal Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Arthroscopic Repair
Authors: Woo Arthur On-Fai , Chau Wai-Wang , Tse Wing-Lim , Mak Michael Chu-Kay , Ho Pak-Cheong , Koo Jeffrey Justin Siu-Cheong
Published: January 2025

Background Dorsal triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) is a newer entity of its family, which was not included in the Palmer classification. We believe that tear of the dorsal TFCC can cause pain and disability. Literature on this type of tear is limited, in addition, outcomes post-repair, especially arthroscopically, are scarce.

Purposes This article defines dorsal TFCC anatomy and investigates the clinical and functional outcomes post-TFCC dorsal tear arthroscopic repair.

Methods An 18-year retrospective review of 32 patients with arthroscopic repair of TFCC dorsal tears was performed. We categorised our patients into group (1) with only isolated TFCC dorsal tear and group (2) also with other concomitant TFCC tear. We evaluated their clinical and functional outcomes and also compared the two groups with other cofactors.

Results The mean follow-up period was 44 months. In the isolated dorsal tear group (N = 17), the wrist performance score was improved from 29 to 37 (p = 0.01), the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score was improved from 6 to 3 (p < 0.01), Modified Mayo Wrist Score (MMWS) was improved from 60 to 74 (p = 0.01), and the hand grip strength was improved from 18 to 28 kg (p = 0.05). In the complex tear group (N = 9), VAS score was improved from 6 to 3 (p = 0.01) and the MMWS was improved from 44 to 79 (p = 0.01). Distal radioulnar joint stability was improved in the isolated group, achieving 100% stability after surgery (p < 0.01). No prognostic factors were identified. We noticed that patients who had surgery 9 months post-injury, would have the highest improvement on wrist flexion (p = 0.03), comparing with those who had surgery at other time points.

Conclusion We define dorsal TFCC as the area located between the horizontal dorsal superficial radioulnar ligament and the vertical dorsal capsular wall, that is, the extensor carpi ulnaris subsheath and extensor digiti minimi sheath. To our knowledge, internationally, we have operated and collected the largest series of TFCC dorsal tear arthroscopic repair. Our patients were benefited with significant pain relief with improved daily activities performance.

Clinical Relevance Dorsal TFCC tear can cause symptoms and is often missed, even during arthroscopic examination. We should consider offering wrist arthroscopy to patient who suffers from ulnar-sided wrist pain, even with negative radiological findings and 9 months post-injury, for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
Rare Presentation of Moyamoya Disease with an Acute Subdural Hemorrhage from a Rare Location of Aneurysm-Related Moyamoya Disease
Authors: Komonchan Surasak , Wattanasen Yodkhwan
Published: January 2025

Spontaneous acute subdural hematoma is uncommon and usually caused by coagulopathy or other bleeding disorders, malignancy, intracranial hypotension, and abnormal intracranial vessels. We present unique cases of acute spontaneous subdural hematoma from moyamoya disease. There are a few cases reported, and we review previous literature and describe bleeding sources from aneurysms related to moyamoya disease in highly unusual locations.
Combination Therapy of 5-Fluorouracil and Triamcinolone Acetonide with Compression Therapy after Surgical Excision in the Management of Keloids in Ears
Authors: Lamba Randeep Singh , Pargal Pinki , Salwan Anurag , P.M Junaise , Nigam Pallavi , Bansal Noopur
Published: January 2025

Background Any deviation from the normal process of wound healing leads to excessive scar formation in the form of keloid or hypertrophic scar.

Materials and Methods The study included 120 candidates with keloids divided equally into two groups, A and B, of 60 patients each. After surgical excision, group A received combination therapy of intramarginal 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and triamcinolone acetonide (TCA), while group B received only TCA, followed by compression therapy in both.

Results Eighty-seven patients had keloids on ear lobules, 25 (20.8%) on helix, and 8 (6.7%) over multiple locations on ear. Ninety-two (76.7%) had keloids over bilateral, 18 (15%) on left, and 10 (8.3%) on right ear. Sixty-three (52.5%) belonged to third, 65 (54.2%) to fourth, and 8 (6.7%) to fifth decade of life. Overall recurrence rate was 21.7 and 38.3% in group A and B, respectively. Recurrence was seen in 2 from group A (male:female 2:0) and 4 from group B (male:female 3:1) at 3 months, in 7 from group A (male:female 5:2) and 13 in group B (male:female 8:5) at 6 months, and in 4 from group A (male:female 3:1) and 6 from group B (male:female 5:1) at 1 year. Overall, pain was reported by 9 and 7 from group A and B, respectively, and burning sensation by 3 and 1 from group A and B, respectively. Ulceration was noted in 2, wound dehiscence in 1 and transient hyperpigmentation in 2 from group A. Based on the Vancouver Scar Scale, outcome on follow-up had an average of 3.5 at 3 months, 4.2 at 6 months, and 4.8 at 1 year in group A, and 3.8 at 3 months, 4.7 at 6 months, and 5.4 at 1 year in group B.

Conclusion Multimodal approach of combination therapy of intramarginal 5-FU and TCA with compression therapy after surgical excision of keloids in ears yields lower recurrence rate when compared with TCA alone. Chances of recurrence are more common in males than females. Though intramarginal 5-FU in combination with TCA has more localized side effects than TCA alone yet lower recurrence rate and better results in the long term can overcome the mild severity of these side effects.
Extramedullary Disease of the Breast in Multiple Myeloma—An Uncommon Initial Presentation: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Venkataraman Priyadarshini , Mehra Nikitha , Sundersingh Shirley , Iyer Priya
Published: January 2025

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy characterized by the abnormal proliferation of plasma cells within the bone marrow. It is typically defined by the presence of ≥10% clonal bone marrow plasma cells and is associated with hypercalcemia, renal failure, anemia, or lytic bone lesions. Extramedullary disease (EMD) in MM, where plasma cells proliferate outside the bone marrow, is rare. While several case reports on the solitary plasmacytoma of the breast have been reported in the literature, EMD in the breast as an initial presentation of MM is exceedingly rare. We report the case of a 32-year-old female who initially presented to the outpatient department with a lump in her left breast, persisting for 2 months, with no other associated symptoms. Upon evaluation, she was diagnosed with MM International Staging System stage II EMD. The patient underwent standard treatment along with consolidative radiation therapy targeting the breast mass. She achieved a very good partial response (VGPR) and remains in VGPR. Given the rarity of EMD as an initial presentation in MM, the role of radiation therapy in its management remains unclear. In this case report, we utilized radiation therapy as a consolidative treatment with a suitable outcome.
Perioperative Outcomes of Postmenopausal Women with Colorectal Cancer Undergoing Prophylactic Salpingo-oophorectomy
Authors: Schoenmaker Eveline M. , van Zon Jasper F. J. A. , Heijmans Margot H. M. , Bloemen Johanne G. , Lettinga Tanja , de Waard Jan-Willem D. , Roumen Rudi M. H.
Published: January 2025

Objectives Women with colorectal cancer have an increased risk of developing ovarian malignancies, which have a poor prognosis. Shared decision making on the possibility of prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy (PSO) during colorectal cancer surgery in postmenopausal women has, therefore, been implemented. Effects of PSO on perioperative parameters are unknown. This study therefore compares perioperative parameters between women with and without PSO.

Materials and Methods Women undergoing colorectal cancer surgery between January 2020 and March 2023 in four centers in the Netherlands offering the possibility of PSO were included. Perioperative parameters were compared between the group with and without PSO.

Statistical Analysis Continuous data were analyzed with independent t-tests or nonparametric tests when applicable. Categorical variables were analyzed with chi-square tests. Propensity score matching was performed to control for potential confounders. The variables age, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, TNM stages, and type of surgery were used as respective covariates. Perioperative data were again analyzed between the matched groups. A sensitivity analysis including all participants was performed to evaluate the effect of PSO on duration of admission and on complications.

Results The present study included 112 women who underwent PSO and 28 who did not. The PSO group was significantly younger (median: 74 vs. 79 years, p = 0.002), had a shorter hospital stay (median: 4 vs. 6 days, p = 0.006), and experienced less overall postsurgical complications (31 vs. 64%, p = 0.002). These differences were neither observed after propensity score matching nor after sensitivity analysis. Malignant adnexal tissue was identified in three patients.

Conclusion PSO in combination with elective colorectal cancer surgery in postmenopausal women does not lead to different or worse perioperative outcomes compared with the group without PSO. Nonetheless, the decision to undergo this combined surgery should be made on individual basis. Future research needs to focus on long-term follow-up and generalizability.
Aquafilling Filler for Buttock Augmentation Cause Severe Long-Term Complications: A Case Report
Authors: Kristiansen Camilla Soendergaard , Lang Christian Lyngsaa , Haerskjold Ann , Zachariae Claus , Klit Anders
Published: January 2025

Filler injections for buttock augmentation are becoming more popular as a cosmetic procedure, which leads to an expected increase in the number of complications emphasizing the importance of reporting cases with both well-known, severe, and previously undiscovered complications, as well as their possible treatment strategies.

We present an 18-year-old woman who suffered severe long-term complications following Aquafilling injections for buttock augmentation, including filler migration, infection leading to septic shock, and nonparathyroid hypercalcemia, which has the potential to cause renal insufficiency. To date, we have not found any reports describing the association between nonparathyroid hypercalcemia and Aquafilling. Additionally, we outline a treatment regimen involving a minimally invasive approach, which includes daily irrigation, manual compression, and passive evacuation. At follow-up, the patient returned to her everyday life with no lasting sequelae, except for a solid mass medially on the right thigh.
Genome-Wide Analysis of the CsAP2/ERF Gene Family of Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis) and Joint Analysis of Transcriptional Metabolism under Salt Stress
Authors: Zhang Mengjie , Zi Yinqiang , Yang Xiujia , Yang Xiuyao , Zhu Ling , Cai Hanbing , Yin Tuo , Liu Xiaozhen , Zhang Hanyao
Published: January 2025

Background

Sweet orange is an important economic crop, and salt stress can inhibit its growth and development.

Methods

In this study, we identified AP2/ERF genes in sweet orange via bioinformatics and performed a combined transcription‒metabolism analysis, which revealed for the first time the integrated molecular mechanism of salt stress regulation in sweet orange.

Key results

A total of 131 sweet orange AP2/ERF genes were identified and categorized into five groups. By comparing the tertiary protein structures of these genes with those of Arabidopsis, we found that five sweet orange genes (CsERF38, CsERF41, CsERF42, CsERF84, and CsERF110) related to salt stress and ethylene transcription are highly similar in composition and structure to those of Arabidopsis, and we hypothesize that they have similar functions. ABREs and AREs were the predominant cis-acting elements in the sweet orange AP2/ERF gene family, and both were associated with salt stress. The AP2/ERF gene family was verified to be involved in the salt stress response via qRT-PCR. According to the differentially abundant metabolite KEGG network, we chose the differentially abundant metabolites ET, GA, and JA as the primary research objects; the CsAP2/ERF gene family is an ethylene-responsive element binding factor.

Conclusion

In this study, the complete framework of the AP2/ERF gene family was constructed for the first time. A model of salt stress regulation in sweet oranges was established.
Ericaceous dwarf shrubs in drained forested peatlands: distribution, dynamics, and key factors in a restoration experiment
Authors: Tekko Triin , Lõhmus Asko
Published: January 2025

Ericaceous dwarf shrubs comprise a key component of the vegetation in several types of northern peatlands. Widespread draining of the peatlands is known to favour forest species (such as Vaccinium myrtillus and Vaccinium vitis-idaea) over mire species (such as Andromeda polifolia and Vaccinium oxycoccos), but it is unclear to what extent such assemblage shifts should form a target for ecological restoration. In this paper, we analyse the performance of eight co-occurring dwarf shrub species in a large-scale ecological restoration experiment in Scots pine-dominated wetlands that had been drained over 40 years ago in Estonia. We address two related questions: (1) how major ecosystem-change-related factors and within-assemblage interactions affect the 1-m2 scale presence of each species in the drained landscape, and (2) to what extent their cover responses to ditch blocking and partial harvest over 6 years reveal a reversal of the drainage-caused succession. We explored those factors and the treatment effects using general linear mixed modelling of the species’ presence and cover. At least four species were responding negatively to drainage, predominantly along with the stand successional stage. However, the results infer that most species were probably enhanced in the early post-drainage phase. The presence of each species was independently enhanced by the presence of other species; the only antagonistic relationship found was between V. myrtillus and V. uliginosum. Ditch blocking had a clear effect only on V. oxycoccos, which increased along with Sphagnum moss cover. In several species, we found a temporary decline in some treatments. Overall, the ericaceous shrub cover appeared rather resistant to the fundamental environmental changes investigated and it may serve as a relatively stable functional component both in natural and anthropogenic peatland transitions. In addition to clone longevity, the facilitative mechanisms suggested by co-occurrence patterns may play a role in this and deserve further study.
Examining Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) Cue Reactivity Using a Remote Platform: Cigarette and ENDS Desire in Dual Users
Authors: Miloslavich Krista , Brett Emma I , Fridberg Daniel J , King Andrea C
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Prior research shows that in-person exposure to electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use increases the desire for cigarettes and ENDS. However, less is known about the impact of cues delivered during remote interactions. This study extends previous in-person cue work by leveraging a remote confederate-delivered cue-delivery paradigm to evaluate the impact of dual nicotine vaping (vs. sole smoking) on reactivity to an ENDS cue in individuals who smoke cigarettes.

Methods

N = 52 dual users (DU; current users of both combustible cigarettes and ENDS) and N = 54 sole smokers (SS; users of combustible cigarettes only) observed a study confederate drinking bottled water (control cue) and then vaping an ENDS (active cue). Changes in desire for cigarettes and ENDS were compared between groups post-cue exposure.

Results

Multilevel models, controlling for sex and cigarettes per day, revealed that the remote ENDS cue, but not water, significantly increased the desire for both cigarettes and ENDS. Relative to SS, DU reported greater post-ENDS cue increases in ENDS desire but not cigarette desire.

Conclusions

A remote, confederate-delivered ENDS cue generalizes as a smoking and vaping cue, with DU showing greater reactivity than SS. This study provides the first evidence for the validity and feasibility of a remote, confederate-delivered ENDS cue reactivity paradigm.

Implications

This study provides support for the use of a remote platform, an increasingly popular method of conducting research since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, to employ confederate-delivered ENDS cues. Frequent observations of vaping via remote platforms and social media may contribute to the maintenance of single- and dual-product use.
ERP correlates of agency processing in joint action
Authors: Hughes Gethin , Gooding Peter Leslie Thomas
Published: January 2025

In the Ouija board phenomenon, the lack of agency experienced by the players leads them to attribute the movement of the planchette to spirits. The aim of this study was to investigate the neural and cognitive mechanisms involved in generating the sense of agency in such a joint action context. Two players (a participant and a confederate) jointly moved a Ouija board-style planchette containing a wireless mouse. This, in turn, moved a digital board on the screen. Participants reported a greater sense of agency in the condition where they had complete control of the planchette (the ‘self’ condition), and least agency when they passively held the planchette while it was moved by the confederate (‘other’ condition), with the two ‘joint’ action conditions in between. While the N1 peak did not differ between conditions, the early part of the N1 differentiated between the joint action conditions, and the solo action conditions. In contrast, the Tb and P2 components differed between the ‘other’ condition and the ‘self’ and ‘joint’ conditions. These findings are discussed with reference to motor-prediction and attentional mechanisms.
Metabolomics analysis of acute lung injury induced by aortic dissection in mice
Authors: Lin Yang , Liu Yi , Feng Jianfei , Ye Fuyong , Hu Lian , Cao Yong
Published: January 2025

Thoracic aortic aneurysm/dissection (TAA/D) is a complicated vascular disorder with galloping development and high mortality. Phenotype switching plays an important role in the pathological process of TAA/D. Previous studies indicated the potential correlation between the expression level of lncRNA RP11-465L10.10 and MMP9 involved in the development of TAA/D. Here, our results showed that RP11-465L10.10 and MMP9 were highly increased in TAD patient tissues, which was consistent in Ang II-induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype switching. However, the effects and underlying mechanism of RP11-465L10.10 on VSMC phenotypic switching remain uncertain. Therefore, the expression of SM22α, cell proliferation, and migration were investigated when ectopically expressed RP11-465L10.10 in VSMCs. The results showed that RP11-465L10.10 overexpression decreased SM22α expression and facilitated VSMC proliferation, migration, and MMP9 expression. Furthermore, the NF-κB signaling pathway was enriched in transcriptome data analysis, indicating that NF-κB signaling may be involved in RP11-465L10.10-induced VSMC phenotype switching and MMP9 expression. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that RP11-465L10.10 induces VSMC phenotype switching and MMP9 expression via the NF-κB signaling pathway, suggesting that RP11-465L10.10 might be a potential therapeutic target for TAA/D treatment.
Lacrimal sac rhinosporidiosis presented as nasal obstruction symptoms without any ocular manifestations: a case report
Authors: Paneru Manisha , Yadav Deepak , Yadav Dhirendra
Published: January 2025

Introduction and importance:

Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous infection due to Rhinosporidium seeberi and it is endemic mainly in South Asian countries such as India and Sri Lanka. Though it commonly involves nasal and nasopharyngeal mucosa, the involvement of the lacrimal sac is rare. Diagnosis can be done by imaging techniques and confirmed on histopathology.

Case presentation:

A 22-year-old male presented with left nasal obstruction and an oropharyngeal mass, without any ocular symptoms. Imaging studies by CT scan revealed a mass involving the nasal and nasolacrimal regions. Biopsy confirmed rhinosporidiosis. The patient underwent a wide local excision of the mass with partial resection of the lacrimal sac. Postoperatively, the patient was given Dapsone for 6 months. Regular follow-up with nasal endoscopy and ophthalmology review showed no evidence of recurrence 1 year following surgery.

Clinical discussion:

Rhinosporidiosis typically presents as vascular polyps in the nasal or ocular areas. It is uncommon that there might be involvement of the lacrimal sac without any symptomatology relevant to the conjunctiva, which has been elaborated in the present case. Examination for the extent of disease is assisted by techniques such as CT and MRI. Histopathology is confirmatory, showing a typical appearance with sporangia filled with multiple endospores. Treatment can be carried out mainly by surgical excision supplemented by electro-coagulation to avoid recurrence. Dapsone post-operatively is recommended as recurrence is common in rhinosporidiosis.

Conclusion:

Although rhinosporidiosis predominantly affects the nasal mucosa, lacrimal sac involvement should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Surgical excision along with postoperative medication and regular follow-up forms the mainstay in the management of the disease to avoid recurrence.
Perioperative bowel regimens following posterior spinal fusions for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a systematic review
Authors: Benaroch Lee R. , Ahmadi Pirshahid Ali , Morash Kevin , Singh Supriya , Rasoulinejad Parham , Bartley Debra , Carey Timothy , Iansavichene Alla , Thornley Patrick
Published: January 2025

Background:

Bowel morbidity after posterior spinal fusions (PSFs) for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) delays the advancement of postoperative oral diet and discharge. This systematic review aims to investigate the effectiveness of perioperative bowel regimens in reducing length of stay and postoperative bowel morbidity in these patients.

Materials and methods:

We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, SPORTDiscus, and CINAHL for articles reporting on clinical results of PSFs for AIS patients. Demographic data, mean operative time and estimated blood loss, length of stay, time to first flatus and/or bowel movement, first oral intake, and postoperative pain scores were extracted from the selected studies.

Results:

Six articles (n = 468 patients) met the final inclusion criteria. Only one study, which assessed oral methylnaltrexone, reported a significant reduction in the mean hospital length of stay (0.60 days, P < 0.05) and postoperative abdominal distension (17% versus 40%, P < 0.05); however, it was also the only study to report a significantly increased mean operative time (38.9 min, P = 0.03) and estimated blood loss (111.1 mL, P = 0.05) compared to the treatment group. Time to flatus, regular diet, postoperative opioid consumption, and pain scores did not differ significantly in any of the reported studies.

Conclusion:

There is limited evidence to demonstrate any specific perioperative bowel regimen will decrease postpreparative bowel morbidity and/or length of stay. While not a treatment in isolation, oral methylnaltrexone may be a safe and effective adjunct to standard postoperative bowel regimens and may have a better patient tolerance profile.
Robot-assisted anterior resection of rectal cancer in a patient with abdominal aortic aneurysm using a monitoring laparoscope: a case report
Authors: Takashima Junpei , Kobayashi Hirotoshi , Koizumi Ayaka , Shigehara Fumi , Yamazaki Kenji , Fujimoto Daisuke , Miura Fumihiko , Taniguchi Keizo
Published: January 2025

Introduction and importance:

We present the first case of robot-assisted anterior resection for rectal cancer in a patient with abdominal aortic and common iliac aneurysms using a monitoring laparoscope for enhanced safety.

Case presentation:

An 86-year-old man presented with bloody stool and was diagnosed with Stage IIIB rectal cancer (T3N1aM0). Preoperative computed tomography revealed a 39-mm abdominal aortic aneurysm and 25-mm left common iliac aneurysm. Robot-assisted anterior resection with D2 lymph node dissection was performed using a 5-mm laparoscope to avoid contact between robotic forceps and aneurysm. The procedure was successful, and he was discharged from the hospital on the ninth postoperative day.

Clinical discussion:

Robotic surgery, owing to the lack of tactile sensation, is generally contraindicated in cases of abdominal aortic aneurysms because of the risk of vascular injury. However, this case demonstrates that real-time monitoring with a 5-mm laparoscope can effectively prevent accidental vascular injury during robotic surgery for rectal cancer.

Conclusion:

This case illustrates the appropriate modifications by which robotic surgery for rectal cancer can be safely performed in patients with abdominal aortic or common iliac artery aneurysms.
Gastroduodenal intussusception: two cases of gastroduodenal intussusception following gastric plication, each managed with a different approach: a case report
Authors: Almowaqee Bassel , Madi Yamen , Taleb Bushra , Haj Oughli Mhd Adnan
Published: January 2025

Introduction and importance:

Gastric plication is a bariatric procedure that involves suture imbrication of the greater curvature to restrict the volume of the stomach. Although gastroduodenal intussusception is a complication that surgeons may encounter in their practice, it is rarely reported or published, which limits the available knowledge in medical literature.

Case presentation:

The authors report two female patients who developed gastroduodenal intussusception following gastric plication procedure, requiring surgical treatment. Both patients presented with non-specific, atypical abdominal pain several months after gastric plication. Both patients required surgical intervention, which included manual reduction of the plication followed by subtotal gastrectomy en bloc with Roux-en-Y reconstruction. In the second case, an omega Braun anastomosis was performed, and a jejunostomy was created after the anastomosis in both patients.

Clinical discussion:

The optimal management of gastroduodenal intussusception remains challenging due to the lack of reported cases and the technical difficulties that surgeons may face.

Conclusion:

It appears that we will encounter some problems and complications in the present time and the near future, including some that are rare in bariatric surgery, particularly those procedures that have fallen out of favor, such as gastric plication surgery.
Monkey pox resurgence in South Asia: Pakistan’s 2024 case highlights global health challenges
Authors: Sanan Ahmed , Qadir Sarshaar , Irfan Hamza , Rusho Maher Ali , Akilimali Aymar
Published: January 2025

The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued a serious worldwide notice regarding Monkey pox (Mpox), designating it as a public health emergency. Mpox, which began from West and Central Africa, has since migrated to non-endemic areas, such as South Asia. In 2024, Pakistan reported the first incidence of the disease, which was connected to a visitor from Saudi Arabia. The virus, which was previously primarily harming youth in Africa, is increasingly impacting a wider demographic, especially adults and men who have sex with other men (MSM) which usually are occurring in sexual health clinics. Engaging in sexual intercourse, inhaling droplets, and coming into contact are the three ways that the disease escalates. The risk is highest in underprivileged communities that are often stigmatized and have little access to primary healthcare. Antivirals such as brincidofovir, cidofovir, and tecovirimat are now used in treatment; in an emergency, vaccinations like JYNNEOS and Vaccinia Immune Globulin Intravenous (VIGIV) are also available. In regions where vaccine supplies are scarce, targeted and ring vaccination programs are essential. To cease the transmission of Mpox and lessen its effects on public health, increased surveillance, travel restrictions, and focused preventative efforts are crucial to aid non endemic countries from these catastrophes.
Atypical hyperendemicity of Rift Valley fever in Southwestern Uganda associated with the rapidly evolving lineage C viruses
Authors: Bakamutumaho Barnabas , Juma John , Clancey Erin , Nyakarahuka Luke , Situma Silvia , Odinoh Raymond , Dawa Jeanette , Nasimiyu Carolyne , Eskew Evan A. , Balinandi Stephen , Mulei Sophia , Kayiwa John , Klena John D. , Shoemaker Trevor R. , Whitmer Shannon L.M. , Montgomery Joel M. , Schieffelin John , Lutwama Julius , Muruta Allan , Bosa Henry Kyobe , Nuismer Scott L. , Oyola Samuel O. , Breiman Robert F. , Njenga M. Kariuki
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Recent Rift Valley fever (RVF) epidemiology in eastern Africa region is characterized by widening geographic range and increasing frequency of small disease clusters. Here we conducted studies in southwestern (SW) Uganda region that has since 2016 reported increasing RVF activities.

Methods

A 22-month long hospital-based study in three districts of SW Uganda targeting patients with acute febrile illness (AFI) or unexplained bleeding was followed by a cross-sectional population-based human-animal survey. We then estimated RVFV force of infection (FOI) and yearly cases using the age-structured seroprevalence data and conducted genomic phylodynamic modelling of RVFV isolates.

Results

Overall RVF prevalence was 10.5% (205 of 1,968) among febrile or hemorrhagic cases, including 5% with acute (PCR or IgM positive) infection, averaging 5 cases per month. Community-based serosurvey recorded prevalence of 11.8% (88 of 743) among humans and 14.6% (347 of 2,383) in livestock. Expected yearly human RVF cases were 314-2,111 per 1,369 km2in SW Uganda versus 0-711 in comparable regions of Kenya and Tanzania. Viral genomic studies identified RVFV lineage C, sub-clade C.2.2, as the circulating strain in SW Uganda since 2019. Lineage C strain has undergone recent rapid evolution and clonal expansion resulting in four sub-clades, C.1.1, C.1.2, C.2.1, and C.2.2, that are more adept at establishing endemicity in new territories.

Conclusions

We demonstrate an atypical RVF hyperendemic region in SW Uganda characterized by sustained human clinical RVF cases, unusually high population prevalence, and high number of expected yearly human cases, associated in part with emergence of new RVFV sub-lineages.

Key points

Rift Valley fever (RVF) studies in SW Uganda found atypical sustained human cases averaging 5 cases/month, >10% population prevalence, and expected yearly cases >3-fold higher (314-2,111 vs 0-711) than comparable regions in East Africa, associated with emerging RVFV sub-lineages.
A Two-Heads-Bound State Drives KIF1A Superprocessivity
Authors: Rao Lu , Wirth Jan O. , Matthias Jessica , Gennerich Arne
Published: January 2025

KIF1A, a neuron-specific Kinesin-3 motor, is indispensable for long-distance axonal transport and nuclear migration, processes vital for neuronal function. Using MINFLUX tracking, we reveal that KIF1A predominantly adopts a two-heads-bound state, even under ATP-limiting conditions, challenging prior models proposing a one-head-bound rate-limiting step. This two-heads-bound conformation, stabilized by interactions between the positively charged K-loop and negatively charged tubulin tails, enhances microtubule affinity and minimizes detachment. The shorter neck linker facilitates inter-head tension, keeping the heads out of phase and enabling highly coordinated stepping. In contrast, Kinesin-1 (KIF5B) transitions to a one-head-bound state under similar conditions, limiting its processivity. Perturbing KIF1A’s mechanochemical cycle by prolonging its one-head-bound state significantly reduces processivity, underscoring the critical role of the two-heads-bound state in motility. These findings establish a mechanistic framework for understanding KIF1A’s adaptations for neuronal transport and dysfunction in neurological diseases.
Schistosoma mansoniantigen induced innate immune memory features mitochondrial biogenesis and can be inhibited by ovarian produced hormones
Authors: Oviedo Juan Marcos , Cortes-Selva Diana , Marchetti Marco , Gordon Lauren , Gibbs Lisa , Maschek J. Alan , Cox James , Frietze Seth , Amiel Eyal , Fairfax Keke C.
Published: January 2025

We have previously identified thatS. mansoniinfection induces a unique form of myeloid training that protects male but not female mice from high fat diet induced disease. Here we demonstrate that ovarian derived hormones account for this sex specific difference. Ovariectomy of females prior to infection permits metabolic reprogramming of the myeloid lineage, with BMDM exhibiting carbon source flexibility for cellular respiration, and mice protected from systemic metabolic disease. The innate training phenotype of infection can be replicated byin vivoinjection of SEA, and by exposure of bone marrow to SEA in culture prior to macrophage differentiation (Day 0). This protective phenotype is linked to increased chromatin accessibility of lipid and mitochondrial pathways in BMDM including Nrf1 and Tfam, as well as mitochondrial biogenesis. This work provides evidence thatS. mansoniantigens induce a unique form of innate training inhibited by ovarian-derived hormones in females.
Inflammatory disease microbiomes share a functional pathogenicity predicted by C-reactive protein
Authors: Britton Graham J , Mogno Ilaria , Chen-Liaw Alice , Plitt Tamar , Helmus Drew , Bongers Gerold , Brough India , Colmenero Paula , Lam Lillian H , Bullers Samuel J , Penkava Frank , Reyes-Mercedes Pamela , Braun Jonathan , Jacobs Jonathan , Desch A. Nicole , Gevers Dirk , Simmons Sheri , Filer Andrew , Taylor Peter C , Bowness Paul , Huttenhower Curtis , Littman Dan R , Dubinsky Marla C , Raza Karim , Tankou Stephanie K , Faith Jeremiah J
Published: January 2025

We examine disease-specific and cross-disease functions of the human gut microbiome by colonizing germ-free mice, at risk for inflammatory arthritis, colitis, or neuroinflammation, with over 100 human fecal microbiomes from subjects with rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, multiple sclerosis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, or colorectal cancer. We find common inflammatory phenotypes driven by microbiomes from individuals with intestinal inflammation or inflammatory arthritis, as well as distinct functions specific to microbiomes from multiple sclerosis patients. Inflammatory disease in mice colonized with human microbiomes correlated with systemic inflammation, measured by C-reactive protein, in the human donors. These cross-disease patterns of human microbiome pathogenicity mirror features of the inflammatory diseases, including therapeutic targets and the presence or absence of systemic inflammation, suggesting shared and disease-specific mechanisms by which the microbiome is shaped and drives pathogenic inflammatory responses.
Cognitive enrichment preserves retrosplenial parvalbumin density and cognitive function in female 5xFAD mice
Authors: Terstege Dylan J. , Epp Jonathan R.
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

The rate of cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) varies considerably from person to person. Numerous epidemiological studies point to the protective effects of cognitive, social, and physical enrichment as potential mediators of cognitive decline in AD; however, there is much debate as to the mechanism underlying these effects. The retrosplenial cortex (RSC) is one of the earliest brain regions with impaired functions during AD pathogenesis, and its activity is affected by cognitive, social, and physical stimulation.

METHODS

In the current study, we use the 5xFAD mouse mode of AD to examine the impact of enriched housing conditions on cognitive function in AD and the viability of a particularly vulnerable cell population within the RSC – parvalbumin interneurons (PV-INs).

RESULTS

Enriched housing conditions improved cognitive performance in 5xFAD mice. These changes in cognitive performance coincided with restored functional connectivity of the RSC and preserved PV-IN density within this region. Along with preserved PV-IN density, there was an increase in the density of perineuronal nets (PNNs) across the RSC of 5xFAD mice housed in enriched conditions. Direct manipulation of PNNs revealed that these extracellular matrix structures protect PV-INs from amyloid toxicity.

CONCLUSIONS

Together, these results provide support for the PNN-mediated maintenance of PV-INs in the RSC as a potential mechanism mediating the protective effects of enrichment against cognitive decline in AD.
Childhood maltreatment and brain aging during adulthood
Authors: Fleming Leland L. , Ohashi Kyoko , Enlow Michelle Bosquet , Khoury Jennifer , Klengel Torsten , Lyons-Ruth Karlen , Teicher Martin , Ressler Kerry J.
Published: January 2025

Importance

Childhood maltreatment (CM) is associated with the early onset of psychiatric and medical disorders and accelerated biological aging.

Objective

To identify types of maltreatment and developmental sensitive periods that are associated with accelerated adult brain aging.

Design

Participants were mothers of infants recruited from the community into a study assessing the effects of CM on maternal behavior, infant attachment, and maternal and infant neurobiology. Data were collected from July 2015 to November 2019 and were analyzed from July 2023 to October 2024.

Setting

Academic medical centers.

Participants

High-quality MRI scans were obtained on 92 of 150 mothers enrolled in the study. The main exclusion criteria for neuroimaging were histories of head trauma with loss of consciousness or concussion, psychotropic use before age 18, pregnancy, and customary MRI exclusions (e.g., metal implant). The primary reasons for non-completion of the neuroimaging study were unwillingness to be scanned, inability to attend the MRI study visit due to work and/or childcare, metal implants, or pregnancy.

Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s)

The Maltreatment and Abuse Chronology of Exposure scale was used to retrospectively assess the annual severity of exposure to ten types of CM from birth to age 18 years. Brain age was calculated from T1-weighted 3T MRI Scans using a previously published machine learning algorithm. Sensitive periods were identified using random forest regression with conditional inference trees.

Results

Forty-nine (53.3%) of the 92 mothers (mean [SD] age, 32.4 [4.3] years) reported experiencing one or more types of CM. Total CM severity was associated with accelerated brain aging (β=0.05, 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.09, p<.005). The most robust type/time risk factors for accelerated brain aging were parental physical abuse between ages 4 to 6 years, witnessing sibling violence between ages 4 to 15 years, parental verbal abuse between ages 10 to 12 years, and parental emotional neglect between ages 16 to 18 years.

Conclusions and Relevance

Several types of CM between ages 4-18 years were associated with accelerated brain aging. Understanding how these specific types and ages of exposure contribute to accelerated brain aging may provide important insights into preventing key clinical consequences of CM.

Question:How does childhood adversity relate to brain aging in adulthood, and are there sensitive periods for this association?

Findings:In this cohort-based study of adult women, we observed sensitive periods for the association between adult brain aging and five classes of childhood maltreatment: parental physical abuse, parental verbal abuse, parental emotional neglect, and witnessing sibling violence.

Meaning:These findings suggest that maltreatment subtype and age at exposure may be important factors contributing to the impact of childhood adversity on brain aging later in life.
Axon Trafficking Counteracts Aberrant Protein Aggregation in Neurons
Authors: Feng Yu , Luan Tongshu , Zhang Zhenda , Wang Wei , Chu Yuanyuan , Wan Sijia , Pan Xiaorong , Li Jie , Liu Yifan , Wang Tong
Published: January 2025

Directed axon trafficking of mRNA via ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs) is essential for the proper function and survival of neurons. However, the mechanisms governing RNP transport in axons remain poorly understood. Here, we identify Annexin A7 (ANXA7) as a critical adaptor facilitating the retrograde transport of T-cell intracellular antigen 1 (TIA1)-containing RNPs by linking them to the cytoplasmic dynein. Persistent axonal Ca²⁺ elevation disrupts ANXA7’s linker role, causing the detachment of TIA1 granules from dynein, consequently impairing transport and triggering pathological TIA1 aggregation within axons. Similarly, ANXA7 knockdown decouples TIA1 granules from dynein, severely obstructing trafficking and causing pathological aggregation of TIA1 in axons, which culminates in axonopathy and neurodegeneration bothin vitroandin vivo. Conversely, ANXA7 overexpression enhances trafficking and counteracts aberrant aggregation of TIA1-containing RNPs in axons. Our findings elucidate a novel mechanism underlying RNP axonal transport, highlighting its significance in the biology and pathology of central neurons.