bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zgodnja navezanost med malčkom in staršem kot napovednik kakovosti prijateljstva otrok v srednjem otroštvu
Authors: Čermak Nika , Marjanovič Umek Ljubica
Published: February 2021

Osrednja predpostavka teorije navezanosti je, da se varnost navezanosti in model zgodnjega odnosa med dojenčkom instaršem ali skrbnikom odražata tudi v drugih medosebnih odnosih, vključno s prijateljstvi, skozi življenje. Odnos med otrokomv različnih razvojnih obdobjih in staršem ali skrbnikom tako velja za enega pomembnih napovednikov socialnega razvoja otrok.V pričujoči raziskavi smo preučili vzdolžno povezavo med zgodnjo navezanostjo malčkov in kakovostjo njihovih prijateljstev vsrednjem otroštvu. V vzorec je bilo vključenih 129 malčkov (52 % dečkov), iz prvotnega vzorca pa je pri drugem merjenju sodelovalo118 otrok. Pri starosti 15 mesecev smo navezanost malčkov ocenili z Vprašalnikom o navezanosti (AQS), pri 9 letih pa smo kotmere kakovosti prijateljstva uporabili samooceno, oceno opazovalcev ter sociometrično preizkušnjo. Med varnostjo navezanosti inopazovano kakovostjo prijateljstva obstaja pomembna povezanost, medtem ko navezanost ni bila neposredno povezana s samoocenokakovosti prijateljstva in številom recipročnih prijateljstev otrok. Predpostavili smo tudi model poti, s katerim smo preverili povezavemed navezanostjo in kakovostjo prijateljstva. Individualna kakovost interakcije otrok se je izkazala kot pomemben mediator varnenavezanosti pri napovedovanju medvrstniške kompetentnosti, ki se kaže v številu recipročnih prijateljstev. Statistično pomembne, azmerne povezave kažejo na zmeren učinek varne navezanosti na kakovost prijateljstva v srednjem otroštvu.
Analytical Descriptions of High Tc Cuprates by Introducing Rotating Holes and a New Model to Handle Many-Body Interactions
Authors: Ishiguri Shinichi
Published: February 2021

This study describes all the properties of high Tc cuprates by introducing rotating holes that are created by angular momentum conservations on a 2D CuO2 surface, and which have a different mass from that of a normal hole because of the magnetic field energy induced by the rotation. This new particle called a macroscopic Boson describes the doping dependences of pseudo-gap temperature and the transition temperature at which an anomaly metal phase appears and describes the origin of the pseudo-gap. Furthermore, this study introduces a new model to handle many-body interactions, which results in a new statistic equation. This statistic equation describing many-body interactions accurately explains why high Tc cuprates have significantly high critical temperatures. Moreover a partition function of macroscopic Bosons describes all the properties of anomaly metal phase, which sufficiently agree with experiments, using the result from our previous study [1] that analytically describes the doping dependence of Tc. By introducing a macroscopic Boson and the new statistical model for many-body interactions, this study uncovered the mystery of high Tc cuprates, which have been a challenge for many researchers. An important point is that, in this study, pure analytical calculations are consistently conducted, which agree with experimental data well (i.e., they do not use numerical calculations or fitting methods but use many actual physical constants).
Chemical Analysis of the Main Metabolites of Three Spontaneous Plants From the Saharan Area (Algeria)
Authors: RADJAI Imène
Published: February 2021

Spontaneous plants metabolites are more widespread for their properties and biological functions. Also, natural products have reminded diverse scientists to take a delight in their medical and insecticidal applications linked to the environmental. A variety of metabolites have a defensive function for the plants. Thus, three spontaneous plants: Caroxylon imbricatum, Tetraena alba and Cotula cinerea collected from two ecotypes and analyzed by two known conventional methods:Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry GC QTOF(quadrupole time of flight )_MS and Liquid Chromatography-Mass spectrometry LCQTOF(quadrupole time of flight )_MS. The investigation conducted out on the identification and quantification of metabolites revealed the main metabolites which have biological activities as a part of an alternative to synthetic insecticides. The chemical study showed the presence of N-Butylbenzensulfonamide and Sulfoxycaprylicacid in the three plants. N-Carboxy-methionineresidue, Butanoicacid and Valine were found in those of Cotula cinerea and Caroxylon imbricatum (Forssk.). Artomunoxanthentrione, Glycoaldehyde, Indoline, ,Benzensulfonamide and Oxoproline were detected in extracts of Caroxylon imbricatum (Forssk.) and Tetraena alba (L.f.) In addition, Pyrroline is the only compound common in Cotula cinerea and Tetraena alba (L.f.).
Admissions to Medical School During the COVID-19 Era Without the MCAT
Authors: Corridon Peter
Published: February 2021

As medical schools cope with the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, a new cohort of students will be admitted in the fall. Administrators are again challenged to make unprecedented enrollment decisions without standardized exams. This challenge provides unique opportunities to support holistic admissions but also abruptly bypasses a process that has been employed since 1928. This article highlights key factors that are being considered during current medical school admission cycles, including limited opportunities to take standardized exams, heightened student anxiety, and potential exam alternatives. These factors are framed and discussed within the context of the medical college admission test (MCAT) exam.
Optimasi Biaya Distribusi Barang dengan Menggunakan Model Transportasi
Authors: Irvana Arofah  , Nianty Nandasari Gesthantiara
Published: February 2021

Model transportasi merupakan suatu model yang dapat digunakan untuk menentukan pengalokasian barang yang paling efektif dari suatu sumber ke suatu tujuan dengan biaya yang seminimum mungkin. Wira Shoes adalah salah satu usaha dagang yang begerak di bidang industri. Usaha ini memproduksi sepatu yang dikirim sesuai dengan permintaan masing – masing distribusi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah model transportasi dapat meminimumkan biaya distribusi. Metode sudut barat laut (North-West Corner/ NWC), biaya terendah (Least Cost/ LC), dan Vogel’s Approximation Method (VAM) yang merupakan solusi awal serta metode modified distribution (MODI) dan stepping stone (batu loncatan) yang merupakan solusi optimal adalah metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Dari pehitungan yang telah dilakukan, diperoleh biaya minimum sebesar Rp 8.400.000,-.
Global Potential for Harvesting Drinking Water from Air using Solar Energy
Authors: Lord Jackson , Thomas Ashley , Treat Neil , Forkin Matthew , Bain Robert , Dulac Pierre , Behroozi Cyrus , Mamutov Tilek , Fongheiser Jillia , Kobilansky Nicole , Washburn Shane , Truesdell Claudia , Lee Clare , Schmaelzle Philipp
Published: February 2021

Access to safely managed drinking water (SMDW) remains a global challenge affecting 2.2 billion people [1,2]. Atmospheric Water Harvesting (AWH) can accelerate progress through decentralized production of liquid water from air [3]. A solar-driven device capable of active daytime operation can unlock design advantages through continuous cycling [4,5] and could be sized to household scale, though lower daytime humidity raises concerns about widespread suitability [6–8]. However, no methodological analysis has been conducted to characterize the global potential of daytime AWH [9] despite the favorable climatic conditions of low and middle-income countries (LMICs) in the tropical regions where two-thirds of people without SMDW services live [2]. Here we present a computing toolset built with Google Earth Engine to calculate the global potential of solar-driven AWH operating in continuous mode. By mapping time-averaged, contemporaneous occurrence of incident solar energy and available water vapor using a climate timeseries and official estimates of the geographic distribution of water service globally, we show that a significant portion of the world’s population without SMDW reside in a climate suitable for a device to serve their daily drinking water requirements. A device functional to relative humidity 30% can serve 1 billion in need by running 4-5 h/day above 600 W/m2, operational parameters which have been approached experimentally in recent prototypes using novel sorbents [10–17]. Steep gradients of AWH suitability in the Sahel of Africa indicate high sensitivity of design criteria to market serviceability. This global assessment of solar-driven AWH, unlocked by accessible high-performance geospatial computing [18] and climate data assimilated at high spatio-temporal resolution, can enable household-scale device innovation and accelerate the progress towards global goals.
Novel Fe hydrides and magnetism in the Fe-H system at high pressures
Authors: Kupenko Ilya , Bykova Elena , Vasiukov Denis M. , Aprilis Georgios , Cerantola Valerio , Chumakov Aleksandr , Jacobs Jeroen , Bykov Maxim , Koemets Egor , Chariton Stella , Sanchez-Valle Carmen , Dubrovinsky Leonid
Published: February 2021

The structure and properties of metal-hydrides at extreme conditions is key to the understanding of hydrogen-storage technologies, high-temperature superconductivity, and the dynamics of planetary cores. Here we investigate the phase relations and magnetic properties of iron hydrides, including two novel FeHx compounds, up to 63 GPa and 1800 K by Synchrotron Mössbauer Source spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. We observe the formation of a novel monoclinic iron hydride phase Fe2H∼3 at 63 GPa and 1000 K, which breaks down to a stoichiometric hexagonal closed packed FeH phase upon decompression below 52 GPa at 300 K. The long-range magnetic order in the two newly-synthetized phases persists to higher pressures compared to the well-known double hexagonal closed packed and face-centered cubic phases of FeH. The formation of magnetic Fe-H phases with high hydrogen concentration may influence the magnetic behavior of planetary metallic cores.
WITHDRAWN: Effect of Hermetia Illucens Larvae on Growth Performance of Weaned Piglets and Diarrhea Caused by Escherichia Coli K88
Authors: Jin Xinxin , Yuan Boyu , Liu Mingming , Zhu Mingqiang , Zhang Xue , Xie Gaijie , Wu Wenxiang , Wang Zifan , Xu Haidong , Lv Yantao , Huang Yanhua , Wang Wei
Published: February 2021

Background：A high-quality protein substitute, Hermetia illucens (Black soldier fly) larvae powder is rich in protein, fat, amino acid, calcium, and other substances. Due to the relatively few studies on the feeding of weaned piglets, in the present study, we replaced part or all of the fish meal with a relevant proportion of Hermetia illucens larvae powder in the feed to study its effect on weaned piglets. A total of forty-eight young female weaned piglets (Duroc ´ Landrace ´ Large White) with initial body weights (BW) 7.68 ± 0.26 kg, were randomly divided into three groups, each group had eight replicates, two pigs per replicate. Three groups containing different proportions of Hermetia illucens larvae powder (0, 4%, and 8%) were referred to as C, HI4, and HI8. We designed a 28-day feeding experiment, collecting blood and feces, thereafter inducing the piglets with oral gavage of ETEC K88 and recording diarrhea on day 29 of the experiment. Four piglets in each group were selected to collect serum, colon contents, intestinal tissue, and jejunum, ileum, colon mucosa samples.Results：The growth performance of weaned piglets remained unaffected on supplementing feed with Hermetia illucens. Compared with C+K88 group, the diarrhea rate was found to be attenuated for the Hermetia illucens supplemented group. Severe damage was evident in the case of the ileum villi of the C+K88 group, whereas improved integrity was demonstrated by the ileum villi of the HI4+K88 and HI8+K88 groups. Significantly increased expressions of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 in the intestinal mucosa (P < 0.05) and the tight junction proteins Occludin and Claudin-3 (P < 0.05) and reduced expression of the pro-inflammatory factor TNF-α (P < 0.05) were reflected in the HI4+K88 and HI8+K88 groups as compared to the C+K88 group. The activity of antioxidant enzymes CAT and POD (P < 0.05) also revealed an effective increase in the Hermetia illucens supplemented groups than the control. The results of immunoblotting also validated that the same ETEC K88 treatment of weaned piglets enhanced the expression of tight junction protein in the intestinal mucosa of the Hermetia illucens addition group (P < 0.05) and the integrity of the intestinal barrier was also better maintained. The experimental results affirmed that Hermetia illucens larvae powder could partially or completely replace fish meal, increase the content of Lactobacillus, reduce the content of Streptococcus, improve the body’s disease resistance, and improve intestinal health.Conclusions：ETEC-induced diarrhea will be reduced by the diet of weaned piglets containing Hermetia illucens larvae, ameliorating the immune performance of pigs. The present research provides a new perspective for insect meal as a sustainable protein source for pig feed.
Identification of Prognostic Alternative Splicing Signature in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Wang Zhiwu , Wu Qiong , Liu Yankun , Li Jingwu
Published: February 2021

Aberrant alternative splicing (AS) events serve as prognostic indicators in a large number of malignancies, whereas comprehensive analysis of prognostic AS in gastric cancer (GC) has not yet been understood. To identify prognostic AS events and clarify the function of the splicing variants in GC. RNA-Seq data, clinical information and percent spliced in (PSI) values were available in the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) and TCGA SpliceSeq data portal. A three-step regression method was conducted to screen prognostic AS events and construct multi-AS-based signatures. The associations between prognostic AS events and splicing factors were also investigated. We identified a total of 1318 survival related AS events in GC, Parent genes of which were implicated in numerous oncogenic pathways. The final prognostic signatures stratified by seven types of AS events or not stratified performed well in risk prediction for GC patients. Moreover, five signatures base on AA, AD, AT, ES and RI events function as independent prognostic indicators after multivariate adjustment of clinicalpathological variables. Splicing network also showed marked correlation between the expression of splicing factors and PSI value of AS events in GC patients. The AS derived signatures allow to predict GC prognosis and might serve as potential therapeutic target for GC.
Improving Throughput and Microstructure Uniformity in Direct Laser Interference Patterning Utilizing Top-Hat Shaped Beams
Authors: El-Khoury Mikhael , Voisiat Bogdan , Kunze Tim , Lasagni Andrés Fabián
Published: February 2021

Uniform periodic microstructures formation over large areas is generally challenging in Direct Laser Interference Patterning (DLIP) due to the Gaussian laser beam intensity distribution inherent to most commercial laser sources. In this work, a diffractive fundamental beam-mode shaper (FBS) element is implemented in a four-beam DLIP optical setup to generate a square-shaped top-hat intensity distribution in the interference volume. The interference patterns produced by a standard configuration and the developed setup are measured and compared. In particular, the impact of both laser intensity distributions on process throughput as well as fill-factor is investigated by measuring the resulting microstructure height with height error over the structured surface. It is demonstrated that by utilizing top-hat-shaped interference patterns, it is possible to produce on average 44.8 % deeper structures with up to 60 % higher homogeneity at the same throughput. Moreover, the presented approach allows the production of microstructures with comparable height and homogeneity compared to the Gaussian intensity distribution with increased throughput of 53%.
Perspectives of Health Service Providers on Barriers to Accessing Perinatal Mental Health Services in Karnataka, India: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Mukherjee Debarati , Dolcy Nolita , John Daisy A , Karthik Maithili , Gadhave Swapnil A , Babu Giridhara R
Published: February 2021

Background: Poor maternal mental health is a major public health concern since it adversely impacts both maternal and child health outcomes. This study aimed to document the barriers to utilizing perinatal mental health services in Karnataka, India, and to determine its relationship with risk factors of poor maternal mental health in this context. Methods: Qualitative research methods using in-depth interviews were conducted on twenty-one local stakeholders who represented health service providers in various capacities: mental health specialists (n = 4), gynaecologists (n = 2), government officials from the Department of Health and Family Welfare (n = 2), and Department of Women and Child Development (n = 2), senior state consultant to United Nations Children’s Fund (n = 1), and frontline workers (n = 10). Data were analysed using a thematic framework analysis approach. Results: We identified multiple barriers to service utilization operating at the levels of the health system, community, family, and the individual. Health-system level barriers included lack of a universal screening mechanism, poor infrastructure, poor training of frontline workers on mental health issues, and inadequate time for counselling and treatment. Community-level barriers included stigma and misconceptions, leading to a lack of social support. Family and individual level barriers included the financial burden of availing services, lack of family and partner support, and lack of empowerment and motivation in the woman to seek services. Family and individual level barriers interacted with risk factors of poor maternal mental health. Based on this evidence and drawing from the literature, we propose a contextualised, stepped-care model for universal screening, detection, referral, and treatment of women with perinatal mental health conditions for Karnataka that is integrated with the reproductive, maternal, and child health (RMNCH) program in primary care settings. Conclusions: The framework developed in this study suggests that addressing the identified barriers would potentially increase uptake of available services, create awareness about and demand for high-quality mental health services, reduce the risk factors of poor maternal mental health, and eventually improve our understanding of its true burden in the state of Karnataka. This is essential for proper implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of programs relevant to perinatal mental health.
Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction in The Treatment of Atherosclerosis Based on Network Pharmacology and Microarray Data Differences Analysis
Authors: Li Haoran , Wu Hongyun , Li Weiying , Yang Jie , Peng Wei
Published: February 2021

Background: Xuefu Zhuyu decoction is a traditional Chinese formula composed of eleven herbs, which has the effect of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. In this study, the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of Xuefu Zhuyu decoction in the treatment of atherosclerosis were studied utilizing network pharmacology, data mining, microarray data differences analysis and molecular docking.Methods: Analyzing data from the TCMSP, the effective components and key targets of Xuefu Zhuyu decoction were screened out. Atherosclerosis-related genes were extracted from the disease databases and determined according to differences analysis. The component-target network was constructed and gene enrichment analysis, as well as topology analysis, were carried out. Finally, the affinity between the target and the effective components was verified by molecular docking.Results: We screened 186 effective components of Xuefu Zhuyu decoction from TCMSP and obtained 126 targets. Through searching the disease databases and analyzing the results of differences analysis, two hundred and one atherosclerosis-related genes were obtained. After constructing the component-target network, it was found that Xuefu Zhuyu decoction played an anti-atherosclerotic role by acting on 21 targets. The results of enrichment analysis suggested that 21 key targets were mainly enriched in biological processes such as leukocyte adhesion and endothelial cell proliferation. The results of molecular docking showed that the key components of Xuefu Zhuyu decoction, have a good affinity with IL-6 and VEGFA.Conclusions: Our bioinformatics analyses suggest that Xuefu Zhuyu decoction plays an anti-atherosclerotic role by regulating biological processes such as leukocyte adhesion and endothelial cell proliferation. This study provides a theoretical basis for the further study of the indications of Xuefu Zhuyu decoction and the development of anti-atherosclerotic drugs.
Integrated Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis Provides Insights into Anthocyanin Accumulation in the Leaves of Red-Leaved Poplars
Authors: Chen Xinghao , Liu Hanqi , Wang Shijie , Zhang Chao , Yang Minsheng , Zhang Jun
Published: February 2021

The red-leaved poplar cultivars ‘Quanhong’ and ‘Xuanhong’ are bud mutations of Populus deltoides cv. ‘Zhonglin 2025’. These cultivars are valued for their beautiful shape, lack of flying catkins, and ornamental leaf colors. However, the understanding of the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation in the leaves of red-leaved poplars is still unclear. Here, we profiled the changes of pigment content, transcriptome and proteome expression in the leaves of three poplar cultivars and the results showed that the ratios of anthocyanin to total chlorophyll in both red-leaved poplars were higher than that in ‘Zhonglin 2025’, indicating that the anthocyanin was highly accumulated in the leaves of red-leaved poplars. Based on the results of integrated transcriptome and proteome analysis, 15 and 11 differentially expressed genes/proteins involved in anthocyanin synthesis were screened in ‘Quanhong’ and ‘Xuanhong’, respectively, including the CHS, F3H, and DFR genes. Among the 120 transcription factors, 3 (HY5, HYH, and TTG2), may be directly involved in the regulation of anthocyanin synthesis in both red-leaved poplars. This study screens the candidate genes involved in anthocyanin accumulation in the leaves of red-leaved poplars and lays a foundation for further exploring the molecular mechanism of leaf red coloration in red-leaved poplars.
Do Air Pollutants as Well as Meteorological Factors Impact Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)? Evidence From China Based on the Geographical Perspective
Authors: Pei Lin , Wang Xiaoxia , Guo Bin , Guo Hongjun , Yu Yan
Published: February 2021

The COVID-19 is still a huge challenge that seriously threatens public health globally. Previous studies focused on the influence of air pollutants and probable meteorological parameters on confirmed COVID-19 infections via epidemiological methods. Whereas, the findings of relations between possible variables and COVID-19 incidences using geographical perspective were scarce. In the present study, data concerning confirmed COVID-19 cases and possible affecting factors were collected for 325 cities across China up to May 27, 2020. The Geographical Weighted Regression (GWR) model was introduced to explore the impact of probable determinants on confirmed COVID-19 incidences. Some results were obtained. AQI, PM2.5, and PM10 demonstrated significantly positive impacts on COVID-19 during the most study period with the majority lag group (P＜0.05). Nevertheless, the relation of temperature with COVID-19 was significantly negative (P＜0.05). Especially, CO exhibited a negative effect on COVID-19 in most study period with the majority lag group. The impacts of each possible determinant on COVID-19 represented significantly spatial heterogeneity. The obvious influence of the majority of possible factors on COVID-19 was mainly detected during the after lockdown period with the lag 21 group. Although the COVID-19 spreading has been effectively controlled by tough measures taken by the Chinese government, the study findings remind us to address the air pollution issues persistently for protecting human health.
Investigation of Effects of Material Dimensions on Wrinkling in Flexforming Process
Authors: Yılgın Gürhan , Yilmaz Oguzhan , Ozturk Fahrettin , Hatipoglu Hasan Ali
Published: February 2021

Sheet metal forming processes are very common manufacturing and leading processes in automotive and aerospace industries. Flexforming is one of the sheet metal forming processes which is preferable due to its flexible manufacturing capabilities and its ability to produce multiple parts simultaneously. Convex contoured shaped parts are very much used in aerospace structures which are mostly produced by flexforming. Wrinkling is a characteristic defect for those kinds of parts. Prediction of wrinkling before manufacturing is highly crucial in order to reduce scrap rates, labor time, and other unexpected costs. In this research work, extensive amounts of experiments are conducted on flexforming press, and the process parameters such as material condition, contour radius, flange length, and material thickness which induce wrinkling are investigated in detail. Results have shown that sheet thickness is the most effective parameter, and as the sheet thickness is increased, wrinkling tendency is reduced extensively. Besides, increasing convex contour radius decreases wrinkling occurrence. Experimental findings are then used to generate wrinkling limit diagrams in which safety and failure zones are specified for different material conditions and sheet thicknesses. The developed diagrams might help to designer who can design defect free parts, reduce scrap rates, and reduce production costs significantly.
Patent Ductus Arteriosus Treatment Trends and Associated Morbidities in Neonates
Authors: Park Joonsik , Song In Gyu , Lim Joohee , Shin Jeong Eun , Eun Ho Seon , Park Kook In , Park Min Soo , Lee Soon Min , Yoon So Jin , Han Jungho
Published: February 2021

Objectives: To evaluate national epidemiologic data on infants treated for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in Korea and analyze outcomes associated with different PDA treatments. Study Design: We retrospectively evaluated data on 12,336 patients diagnosed with PDA (International Classification of Diseases-10 code: Q250) between 2015 and 2018 from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment database. Among them, 1,623 patients underwent surgical ligation (code: O1671). We used birth certificate data from Statistics Korea to estimate the prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment of PDA. Results: The prevalence of infants with PDA was 81 infants per 10,000 live births and 45.2% in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants, which increased from 2015 to 2018. PDA ligation was performed in 2571 infants and 22% VLBW infants. Medical treatment was administered to 4202 infants, which decreased significantly, especially in VLBW infants (62% to 53%). The proportion of treatment was as follows: conservative treatment (53.1%), intravenous ibuprofen (24.4%), surgery (20.4%), and oral ibuprofen (10.7%); that among 4,854 VLBW infants was as follows: intravenous ibuprofen (46.3%), conservative treatment (33.2%), surgery (22.2%), and oral ibuprofen (14.2%). Surgical treatment had a significantly higher risk (odds ratio 1.36) of mortality than conservative treatment. Surgical and/or medical treatments were associated with a higher risk of morbidity.Conclusion: Recently, increased use of conservative management of PDA has contributed to improved neonatal outcomes in VLBW infants. Select patients may still benefit from surgical ligation following careful consideration.
Distribution of Gaps and Adhesive Interaction between Contacting Rough Surfaces
Authors: Monti Joseph M. , Sanner Antoine , Pastewka Lars
Published: February 2021

Understanding the distribution of interfacial separations between contacting rough surfaces is integral for providing quantitative estimates for adhesive forces between them.
Assuming nonadhesive, frictionless contact of self-affine surfaces, we derive the distribution of separations p(g) between surfaces near the contact edge.
The distribution diverges as g-1/3 for small gaps, and we use numerical simulations with fine resolution to confirm the scaling.
The characteristic scale over which the prediction persists is h0' drep, the product of the rms surface slope and the mean diameter of contacting regions.
We show that these results remain valid for weakly adhesive contacts and connect these observations to recent theories for adhesion between rough surfaces.
On-Line Grinding Chatter Detection Based on Minimum Entropy Deconvolution and Autocorrelation Function
Authors: He Dan , Ni Zexing , Wang Xiufeng
Published: February 2021

On-line detection of chatter is one of the key techniques to avoid the harmful effects caused by chatter in grinding process. The key to chatter detection is to capture reliable chatter features and thresholds. To achieve this, it is important to make clear and extract the essential characteristics of the grinding chatter signal, which has not yet been well studied. In this paper, we are going to investigate the essential characteristics of the grinding chatter signal and propose a new approach for on-line detection of grinding chatter. The proposed approach for on-line detection of grinding chatter is based on minimum entropy deconvolution and autocorrelation function, in which the minimum entropy deconvolution is employed to deconvolve the effect of transmission path, and further to restore the essential characteristics of the chatter signals. To eliminate the interference of the non-periodic impulse signals in the measured vibration signals, an autocorrelation function is introduced. Kurtosis is employed to indicate chatter according to the changes of the processed signal. The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated through the measured vibration signals obtained from grinding processes and the presented chatter detection index is independent from the grinding conditions with excellent detection accuracy and permissible computational efficiency. This demonstrates the effectiveness of proposed method in on-line implementation.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Immediately After Trauma Predicts a Poor Prognosis in Severely Injured Patients
Authors: Wada Takeshi , Shiraishi Atsushi , Gando Satoshi , Yamakawa Kazuma , Fujishima Seitaro , Saitoh Daizoh , Kushimoto Shigeki , Ogura Hiroshi , Abe Toshikazu , Mayumi Toshihiko , Sasaki Junichi , Kotani Joji , Takeyama Naoshi , Tsuruta Ryosuke , Takuma Kiyotsugu , Yamashita Norio , Shiraishi Shin-ichiro , Ikeda Hiroto , Shiino Yasukazu , Tarui Takehiko , Nakada Taka-aki , Hifumi Toru , Okamoto Kohji , Sakamoto Yuichiro , Hagiwara Akiyoshi , Masuno Tomohiko , Ueyama Masashi , Fujimi Satoshi , Umemura Yutaka , Otomo Yasuhiro
Published: February 2021

Trauma patients die from massive bleeding due to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) with a fibrinolytic phenotype in the early phase, which transforms to DIC with a thrombotic phenotype in the late phase of trauma, contributing to the development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and a consequently poor outcome. This is a sub-analysis of a multicenter prospective descriptive cross-sectional study on DIC to evaluate the effect of a DIC diagnosis on the survival probability and predictive performance of DIC scores for massive transfusion, MODS, and hospital death in severely injured trauma patients. A DIC diagnosis on admission was associated with a lower survival probability (Log Rank P <0.001), higher frequency of massive transfusion and MODS and a higher mortality rate than no such diagnosis. The DIC scores at 0 and 3 h significantly predicted massive transfusion, MODS, and hospital death. Markers of thrombin and plasmin generation and fibrinolysis inhibition also showed a good predictive ability for these three items. In conclusion, a DIC diagnosis on admission was associated with a low survival probability. DIC scores obtained immediately after trauma predicted a poor prognosis of severely injured trauma patients.
Interaction between root exudates and rhizosphere microorganisms facilitates the expansion of poisonous plant species in degraded grassland
Authors: Wang Wenyin , Jia Tianhua , Qi Tianyun , Li Shanshan , A.Allan Degen , Han Jin , Bai Yanfu , Zhang Tao , Qi Shuai , Huang Mei , Li Zihao , Jiao Jianxin , Shang Zhanhuan
Published: February 2021

Background

The interaction between rhizosphere microorganisms and rhizosphere exudates is considered a ‘novel weapon’ for poisonous plants’ colonization, but the relationship between them in facilitating the expansion of poisonous plants in degraded or barren land is poorly understood. We examined this relationship in different degradation levels of alpine grasslands on the Tibetan plateau (3,700 m a.s.l) by determining the composition of root exudates, soil physical and chemical properties, rhizosphere microbial diversity and carbon metabolism of the main poisonous and non-poisonous plant species.
Results

Soil nutrients, including total organic carbon, total nitrogen and available phosphorous, diversity of microorganisms and microbial carbon metabolism were greater in the rhizosphere of poisonous than in non-poisonous plant species (P < 0.05). The distribution of bacteria and root exudates were plant species specific. Soil microbial communities were affected by habitat and plant species in degraded grassland, and more so for bacteria than fungi. The cell growth and death pathway for the poisonous species Ligularia virgaurea was greater than for other poisonous species (P < 0.05), and the difference increased with an increase in grassland degradation and a decrease in soil nutrients (P < 0.05), which could explain how L. virgaurea became the dominant poisonous species in degraded alpine grassland. The roots of L. virgaurea exudated such compounds as alkaloids, lupinic acid, terpenes, artemisinin, and coumarin, which were correlated positively with different bacteria in different habitats.
Conclusion

It was concluded that poisonous plant species adapted to degraded grassland through the interaction of root exudates and rhizosphere microorganisms, which facilitated their expansion in degraded alpine grassland.
Achieving the enhanced photocatalytic degradation of ceftriaxone sodium using CdS-g-C3N4 nanocomposite under visible light irradiation: RSM modeling and optimization
Authors: AttariKhasraghi Naime , Zare Karim , Mehrizad Ali , Modirshahla Nasser , Behnajady Mohammad Ali
Published: February 2021

In this research, the cadmium sulfide - graphite carbon nitride (CdS-g-C3N4) nanocomposite was synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The photocatalytic activity of as-prepared nanocomposite was evaluated in the degradation of ceftriaxone sodium (CTX) antibiotic from aqueous solution under visible light irradiation. The influence of the operational variables such as the amount of photocatalyst (g/L), initial CTX concentration (mg/L), pH, and irradiation time (min) on the photodegradation process was investigated and optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) - central composite design (CCD) model. The maximum degradation percentage (92.55 %) was obtained in the optimal condition, including 0.06 g/L of CdS-g-C3N4 photocatalyst, 15 mg/L of CTX, pH= 10.5, and irradiation time = 81 min. The efficient photocatalytic performance of CdS-g-C3N4 nanocomposite is due to the appropriate alignment of energy levels between the CdS and g-C3N4, which synergistically impact the charge separation and the degradation efficiency of CTX. The kinetics of the photocatalytic degradation process was well described by Langmuir-Hinshelwood’s pseudo-first-order model (kapp = 0.0336 min-1).
WITHDRAWN: Prebiotic Mannan oligosaccharide pretreatment Improves Mice Survival Against Lethal Effects of Gamma Radiation by protecting GI Tract and Hematopoietic systems
Authors: Sanguri Sweta , Gupta Damodar
Published: February 2021

Total body irradiation (TBI) results in critical injuries in a dose dependent manner that primarily damages highly proliferating tissues including hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and intestinal crypts stem cells etc. This may result in hematopoietic syndrome leading to bone marrow failure and gastrointestinal syndrome leading to chronic intestinal functional alterations. Death results from the gastrointestinal syndrome due to sepsis, bleeding, dehydration and multi-system organ failure. We demonstrate that the prebiotic mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) pretreatment substantially prolongs survival in both male and female mice when administered 2 hours prior to radiation either through oral or intraperitoneal route. The radioprotective efficacy of MOS was found to be age dependent and improves survival even in aged mice (12–13 month old). MOS pretreatment effectively abrogates radiation-induced hematopoietic injury, and accelerates recovery of lymphocytes and WBCs and alleviates depletion of circulatory blood cells. Results also illustrate that MOS pretreatment abolish crypt cell death and denudation of villi in comparison to the respective irradiated animals and ameliorates the overall radiation-induced damage to the GI system. MOS pretreatment facilitates intestinal recovery leading to enhanced animal survival demonstrating its protection efficacy against TBI induced mortality. Moreover, MOS pretreated animals show signs of accelerated recovery in terms of severity of radiation sickness symptoms including weight loss and completely abolish TBI associated mortality.
Much research, but little learned to date: A scoping review on mental health of health workers in low- and lower-middle income countries and roadmap for future research
Authors: Lohmann Julia , John Denny , Dzay Aso
Published: February 2021

BackgroundSARS-CoV-2 has resulted in unprecedented research efforts on health workers’ work realities and their potential mental health impacts. To understand the latter, high-quality evidence on the baseline situation is paramount. With the aim of providing a comprehensive overview of existing evidence and to inform future research, we undertook a scoping review of the quantitative literature on mental health and psychological wellbeing of clinical skilled healthcare personnel working in all settings of care in low- and lower-middle income countries (LLMIC).MethodsWe performed a systematic search of the literature up to the end of 2019, in English or French language, in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, Global Health, and CAIRN. We included both studies estimating levels of mental health and studies investigating associations with other factors. We extracted data on study characteristics and methodology, and assessed the methodological quality of the included studies along nine criteria.ResultsWe found 143 relevant studies, 135 including data on mental health levels and 126 including data on associations with other factors. The studies covered 26 of the world’s 78 LLMICs, with most studies conducted in India, Nigeria, Pakistan, or Egypt, in urban secondary- and tertiary-care settings. 67% of studies assessed burnout, 25% general psychological wellbeing, and 20% other mental health outcomes. Only 19% of studies were of high quality due to shortcomings particularly in regards to sample representativeness, context-specific measurement tool validity, and reporting of methodological detail. We found much heterogeneity in investigated associated factors. Studies focused almost exclusively on potential determinants of mental health, while none linked mental health to objectively measured performance outcomes.ConclusionWe conclude that despite its impressive size, we can learn comparatively little from the current body of literature. Based on our findings, we outline areas for expansion, methodological improvement, and standardization of reporting in future research on mental health of health workers.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO no. CRD42019140036
To explore the barriers to and facilitators of adolescents in Low-Middle-Income- Countries (LMICs) seeking mental health care: Protocol for a Mixed-Methods Systematic Review
Authors: Kallakuri Sudha Subhadra , Maulik Pallab K , Kaistha Prachi , Hackett Maree
Published: February 2021

Background: Adolescence is a very important transitional phase for an individual as they move from childhood to adulthood. In 2007, the World Health Organization reported that 16% of the global burden of disease and injuries occur among adolescents i.e. those aged between 10 and 19 years, most of them starting by the age of 14 years and usually become serious; if left unrecognised or unattended at that point in time. Several risk factors are associated with increases in the mental health disorders. It is pertinent to promote interventions which teach life skills like regulating one’s emotions, building resilience, and dealing with difficult situations with confidence and strength. This mixed-methods systematic review aims to synthesise best available evidence on the barriers and facilitators to help seeking for mental illnesses among adolescents in Low-Middle-Income Countries Methods and Analyses: The systematic review will be conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Systematic searches will be carried out in electronic databases like PubMed,EMBASE, PsychINFO, Sociofile, CINAHL to identify studies relevant to the review question. At the first stage, titles and abstracts of articles retrieved through the searches will be examined against the eligibility criteria. The second stage will involve independent full-text screening of included articles by two reviewers. All qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method research studies which explicitly answer the research questions will be considered in this review. Methodological appraisal (Risk of Bias) will be conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute's standardized critical appraisal tools or other standardized critical appraisal tools contingent on the study design by two reviewers. Data will be extracted on the aims/purpose, study design, geographical location, study population, study duration, interventions (if applicable) outcomes, and results of included studies. Data analyses will be conducted using the convergent approach to analysis of mixed methods research using JBI guidance. Discussion: The research will help to identify gaps in knowledge and generate evidence for health departments to look more specifically at the mental health of adolescents and challenges of addressing them. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO: CRD42020214349
Identification of a New Way to Induce Differentiation of Dermal Fibroblasts Into Vascular Endothelial Cells
Authors: Cui Xiaoling , Wen Jie , Li Xiao , Li Nan , Hao Xuxiao , Zhao BaoXiang , Wu Xunwei , Miao Junying
Published: February 2021

Background: Human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) have the potential to differentiate into vascular endothelial cells (VECs), but their differentiation rate is low and the mechanism involved is unclear. The small molecule pathway controls the phenotype of fibroblasts by activating cellular signaling pathways, which is a more convenient method in the differentiation strategy of dermal fibroblasts into vascular endothelial cells.Methods: In this study, dermal fibroblasts were treated with the different doses of CPP, and the mRNA level and protein level were detected by qPCR, Western blot and immunofluorescent staining. Matrigel assays also were used to teste the angiogenic ability of vascular endothelial cells derived from dermal fibroblasts.Results: Here, we report that a small chemical molecule, CPP ((E)-4-(4-(4-(7-(diethylamino)-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carbonyl) piperazin-1-yl) styryl)-1-methylpyridin-1-ium iodide), efficiently induces the differentiation of dermal fibroblasts into Vascular endothelial cells. First, we observed that the morphology of CPP-treated dermal fibroblasts elongated, curved and formed circular patterns. Western blot and qRT-PCR analyses revealed that CPP effectively reduced the level of the dermal fibroblasts-marker Vimentin and increased levels of the vascular endothelial cells -markers CD31 and CD133. Detection of the percentage of CD31-positive cells from immunofluorescent staining confirmed that CPP efficiently induces dermal fibroblasts to differentiate into vascular endothelial cells. Matrigel assays showed that CPP-treated dermal fibroblasts have the functions of vascular endothelial cells. Western blot and qRT-PCR analyses of pro-angiogenic factors (VEGF, FGF-2 and PDGF-BB) showed that CPP induces dermal fibroblasts to vascular endothelial cells by promoting the expression of pro-angiogenic factors (VEGF, FGF-2 and PDGF-BB). Conclusions: Our results indicate that the small chemical molecule CPP efficiently induces the differentiation of dermal fibroblasts into vascular endothelial cells. Simultaneously, this new inducer provides a potential to develop new approaches to restore vascular function for the treatment of ischemic vascular diseases.
WITHDRAWN: Surface Roughness Prediction and Minimization in 5-Axis Milling Operations of Gas Turbine Blades
Authors: Eyvazian Arameh , Musharavati Farayi , Khan Afrasyab , Soori Mohsen , Sebaey Tamer A. , Mobayen Saleh , Farouk Naeim
Published: February 2021

To enhance the quality of machined parts, virtual machining systems are presented in this study. In the turbine blades, the minimization of the surface roughness of the blades can decrease the Reynolds number to decrease the loss of energy in power generation. Due to difficulties of polishing process in minimizing the surface roughness of machined blades, the optimized machining parameters for minimizing the surface roughness is an effective solution for the problem. In this study, a virtual machining system is developed to predict and minimize the surface roughness in 5-Axis machining operations of gas turbine blades. To minimize the surface roughness, the machining parameters were optimized by the Genetic algorithm. To validate the developed system, the turbine blades were machined using a 5-Axis CNC machine tool and the machined blades were measured using the CMM machine to obtain the surface roughness of machined parts. So, a 41.29% reduction in the measured surface roughness and a 42.09% reduction in the predicted surface roughness are obtained using the optimized machining parameters. The developed virtual machining system can be applied in the machining process of turbine blades to enhance the surface quality of machined blades and thus improve the efficiency of gas turbines.