bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of androstenedione exposure on fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) reproduction and embryonic development
Authors: DeQuattro Zachary A. , Hemming Jocelyn D. C. , Barry Terence P.
Published: June 2015

High concentrations (300 ng/L) of androstenedione (A4) were identified in snowmelt runoff from fields fertilized with manure from livestock feeding operations in Wisconsin, USA. In fishes, A4 is an active androgen and substrate for biosynthesis of functional androgens (e.g., testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone) and estrogens (e.g., estradiol-17β). Thus, A4 has the potential to be a powerful endocrine disruptor. This hypothesis was tested by exposing reproductively mature fathead minnows to 0.0 ng/L, 4.5 ng/L, 74 ng/L, and 700 ng/L A4 for 26 d in a flow-through system. Various reproductive endpoints were measured including fecundity, fertilization success, secondary sexual characteristics, gonadosomatic index (GSI), and hepatic vitellogenin messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. In addition, fertilized embryos from the reproduction assay were used in an embryonic development assay to assess A4 effects on development and hatchability. In males, A4 significantly increased Vtg mRNA expression (estrogenic effect), significantly reduced GSI, and had no effect on tubercle expression (p = 0.067). In females, A4 induced tubercle development (androgenic effect) with no effects on GSI. Fecundity was not significantly impacted. Exposure to A4 had no effect on fertilization, embryonic development, or hatchability. These data indicate that exogenous A4, at environmentally relevant concentrations, can significantly modulate the reproductive physiology of the fathead minnows in a sex-specific manner and that A4 should be monitored as an endocrine disruptor. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:2549–2554. © 2015 SETAC
Responses of Hyalella azteca to acute and chronic microplastic exposures
Authors: Au Sarah Y. , Bruce Terri F. , Bridges William C. , Klaine Stephen J.
Published: June 2015

Limited information is available on the presence of microplastics in freshwater systems, and even less is known about the toxicological implications of the exposure of aquatic organisms to plastic particles. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of microplastic ingestion on the freshwater amphipod, Hyalella azteca. Hyalella azteca was exposed to fluorescent polyethylene microplastic particles and polypropylene microplastic fibers in individual 250-mL chambers to determine 10-d mortality. In acute bioassays, polypropylene microplastic fibers were significantly more toxic than polyethylene microplastic particles; 10-d lethal concentration 50% values for polyethylene microplastic particles and polypropylene microplastic fibers were 4.64 × 104 microplastics/mL and 71.43 microplastics/mL, respectively. A 42-d chronic bioassay using polyethylene microplastic particles was conducted to quantify effects on reproduction, growth, and egestion. Chronic exposure to polyethylene microplastic particles significantly decreased growth and reproduction at the low and intermediate exposure concentrations. During acute exposures to polyethylene microplastic particles, the egestion times did not significantly differ from the egestion of normal food materials in the control; egestion times for polypropylene microplastic fibers were significantly slower than the egestion of food materials in the control. Amphipods exposed to polypropylene microplastic fibers also had significantly less growth. The greater toxicity of microplastic fibers than microplastic particles corresponded with longer residence times for the fibers in the gut. The difference in residence time might have affected the ability to process food, resulting in an energetic effect reflected in sublethal endpoints. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:2564–2572. © 2015 SETAC
The relationship between high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein at admission and post stroke depression: a 6‐month follow‐up study
Authors: Yang Rui‐rui , Lu Bo‐cheng , Li Tao , Du Yi‐feng , Wang Xiang , Jia Yan‐xia
Published: June 2015

Objective

A large body of evidence suggests that stroke and depression are accompanied by activation of inflammatory pathways. Thus, the primary purpose of this study was to assess the high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (Hs‐CRP) to the presence of post stroke depression (PSD).

Methods

Two hundred and twenty‐six ischemic stroke patients admitted to the hospital within the first 24 hours after stroke onset were consecutively recruited and followed up for 6 months. Clinical information was collected. Serum Hs‐CRP levels were measured at baseline. Based on the symptoms, diagnoses of depression were made in accordance with DSM‐IV criteria for depression at 6‐month after stroke.

Results

At 6‐month, ninety‐five patients (42.0%) showed depression at 6 months after admission and in 69 patients (30.5%) this depression was classified as major. In the 69 patients with major depression, our results showed significantly higher Hs‐CRP levels (1.54[IQR, 0.79–2.27]mg/dL vs. 0.43[IQR, 0.31–1.27]mg/dL, P<0.0001) at admission than patients without major depression. After adjusting for NIHSS on admission and all other recorded confounders, Hs‐CRP still was an independent predicator of PSD with an adjusted OR of 1.339 (95% CI, 1.231–1.456; P<0.001). Further, in our study, we found that an increased risk of PSD was associated with serum Hs‐CRP levels ≥0.85mg/dL (adjusted OR 7.830, 95% CI: 4.193–14.620) after adjusting for above recorded confounders.

Conclusion

Elevated Hs‐CRP serum levels at admission was found to be associated with depression 6‐month after stroke, suggesting that these alterations might participate in the pathophysiology of depression symptoms in stroke patients. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bis(thiocarbamates): Synthesis and Substituent Effects on the Barrier to N‐CO Rotation
Authors: Maouati Hamida , Sanhoury M. A. K. , Merlet D. , Chehidi I.
Published: June 2015

The synthesis of a new series of variously substituted bis(thiocarbamates) from the addition of dithiols to isocyanates is described. These bis(thiocarbamates) were fully characterized by NMR, IR, and HRMS analyses. In addition, the effect of different substituents on the hindered rotation about the N‐CO bond in these bis‐thiocarbamates was investigated through dynamic NMR experiments.
Transoral robotic retropharyngeal node dissection
Authors: Givi Babak , Troob Scott H. , Stott Will , Cordeiro Teresa , Andersen Peter E. , Gross Neil D.
Published: June 2015

Background

Surgical access to metastases in the retropharyngeal lymph nodes (RPLNs) could be difficult. Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) can be utilized to access RPLNs. The purpose of this study was to describe a TORS approach to RPLN dissection.

Methods

A case series of patients undergoing RPLN dissection by TORS was conducted and compared to matched controls (1:2).

Results

Twelve patients underwent robotic RPLN dissection. Median age was 63 years (range, 43–73 years). Pathology was oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in 9 patients and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) in 3 patients. The feeding tube dependence duration was 12 days (range, 1–46 days) on average. Complications occurred in 8 patients (66%); most commonly, aspiration pneumonitis in 6 patients. In comparison to the matched controls (24), there was no difference in length of stay or feeding tube dependence. Complications were higher in patients with oropharyngeal SCC.

Conclusion

TORS is feasible for accessing RPLNs. The procedure is well tolerated in patients with PTC; whereas patients with oropharyngeal SCC are at increased risk of complications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E981–E986, 2016
Merkel cell carcinoma: Overall survival after open biopsy versus wide local excision
Authors: Haymerle Georg , Fochtmann Alexandra , Kunstfeld Rainer , Pammer Johannes , Erovic Boban M.
Published: June 2015

Background

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine tumor of the skin with a dismal prognosis.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective medical chart review of patients with MCC who were initially diagnosed with an open biopsy (n = 30) or wide local excision (n = 24).

Results

Stages I, II, and III disease was found in 38%, 20%, and 16%, respectively. The 2‐year and 5‐year overall and disease‐specific survival rates were 64.8% and 38.8% versus 45.2% and 26.4%, respectively. Cox regression multivariate model, including tissue sampling technique, re‐resection, therapy modalities, pathological staging, and T and N classifications, showed that patients diagnosed initially with an open biopsy have significant worse overall (p = .014) and disease‐free (p = .005) survival rates compared with patients who had a wide local excision.

Conclusion

This study showed an improved overall survival in patients with MCC after wide local excision compared to open biopsy of the primary site at first diagnosis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1014–E1018, 2016
Minimum absolute lymphocyte count during radiotherapy as a new prognostic factor for nasopharyngeal cancer
Authors: Cho Oyeon , Oh Young‐Taek , Chun Mison , Noh O‐Kyu , Hoe Jae‐Sung , Kim Hwanik
Published: June 2015

Background

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the minimum absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) during radiotherapy (RT) could predict clinical outcome in patients with nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC).

Methods

We analyzed 70 patients with NPC including 63 patients treated with chemoradiotherapy and used multivariate analysis to determine whether minimum ALC affected clinical outcome.

Results

Patients were grouped by minimum ALC, with a cutoff of 245 cells/μL. Five‐year disease‐specific survival (DSS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) for patients with minimum ALC ≥245 versus minimum ALC <245 were 88.1% versus 60.8% (p = .004) and 71.2% versus 35.2% (p = .004). All 10 patients with minimum ALC <120 experienced disease progression. Four of 6 patients (67%) with ALC <120 who died experienced disease progression within 6 months.

Conclusion

Minimum ALC may predict poor 5‐year DSS and should be evaluated by prospective studies. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1061–E1067, 2016
Unsteady MHD Stagnation‐Point Flow Toward a Shrinking Sheet with Thermal Radiation and Slip Effects
Authors: Chen Hui , Liang Hongxing , Wang Fei , Shen Ming
Published: June 2015

The problem of an unsteady magnetohydrodynamic stagnation point flow of an incompressible viscous fluid over a shrinking sheet is discussed in the presence of thermal radiation and boundary slip, which has not been documented to date in the literature. The governing boundary‐layer equations are transformed to high order nonlinear and ordinary differential equations by similarity transformations and then solved numerically. The effects of magnetic parameter, unsteadiness parameter, radiation parameter, velocity, and thermal slip parameters on velocity and temperature are analyzed and discussed. It is found that dual solutions of both velocity and temperature fields exist for negative values of the velocity ratio parameter. The results indicate that dual solution domains of velocity and temperature expand as the unsteadiness parameter increases.
CRISPR‐Cas9 systems: versatile cancer modelling platforms and promising therapeutic strategies
Authors: Wen Wan‐Shun , Yuan Zhi‐Min , Ma Shi‐Jie , Xu Jiang , Yuan Dong‐Tang
Published: June 2015

The RNA‐guided nuclease CRISPR‐Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats‐CRISPR associated nuclease 9) and its variants such as nickase Cas9, dead Cas9, guide RNA scaffolds and RNA‐targeting Cas9 are convenient and versatile platforms for site‐specific genome editing and epigenome modulation. They are easy‐to‐use, simple‐to‐design and capable of targeting multiple loci simultaneously. Given that cancer develops from cumulative genetic and epigenetic alterations, CRISPR‐Cas9 and its variants (hereafter referred to as CRISPR‐Cas9 systems) hold extensive application potentials in cancer modeling and therapy. To date, they have already been applied to model oncogenic mutations in cell lines (e.g., Choi and Meyerson, Nat Commun 2014;5:3728) and in adult animals (e.g., Xue et al., Nature 2014;514:380–4), as well as to combat cancer by disabling oncogenic viruses (e.g., Hu et al., Biomed Res Int 2014;2014:612823) or by manipulating cancer genome (e.g., Liu et al., Nat Commun 2014;5:5393). Given the importance of epigenome and transcriptome in tumourigenesis, manipulation of cancer epigenome and transcriptome for cancer modeling and therapy is a promising area in the future. Whereas (epi)genetic modifications of cancer microenvironment with CRISPR‐Cas9 systems for therapeutic purposes represent another promising area in cancer research. Herein, we introduce the functions and mechanisms of CRISPR‐Cas9 systems in genome editing and epigenome modulation, retrospect their applications in cancer modelling and therapy, discuss limitations and possible solutions and propose future directions, in hope of providing concise and enlightening information for readers interested in this area.
Studies on Thermodynamic Properties of Polyvalent Electrolytes from E. M. F. Measurements. I. The Silver‐Silver Chromate Electrode
Authors: Pan Kuan
Published: June 2015

The solubility product of silver chromate was determined from e.m.f. of the cell,

magnified image

by extrapolation of the function,

magnified image

to x=0 and then m=0. K s.p. in the temperature range of 20° to 40°C is expressed by

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The molal heat of solution of silver chromate was evaluated from the temperature coefficient of 1n Ks.p. and given by

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The standard potential of the Ag; Ag3CrO4(s), CrO4− electrode was evaluated from E° = π°Ag;Ag+ − k log Ks.p. It is given by

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The molal free energy change for solution of Ag2CrO4(s) is given by

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The molal heat, free energy and entropy change of formation of silver chromate from its elements at 25°C were evaluated.
Conjugated Unsaturated Ketones. IV. The Wohl‐Ziegler Reaction
Authors: Yeh Ping‐Yuan
Published: June 2015

The structures of the products resulting from the reactions of N‐bromosuccinimide with dibenzalcyclohexanon and with dibenzalcyclo‐Pentanons, as well as their tetrabromides, were established. The ethylenic linkage remaining in the tetrabromides did not add bromine, while they were catalytically hydrogenated to give the corresponding cycloalkanone derivatives.
Esesntial Oils. II. Oil of “Yüh Tsu”, Citrus Maxima (Burm f.) Merrill
Authors: Yeh Ping‐Hsien
Published: June 2015

Analytical data show that the Peel of Citrus maxima (Burm f.) Merrill contain 0.15% of essential oil, 90% of which d‐limonene, the rest being 0.6% d‐penene, 1% cadinene, 2.5% terpene alcohols, 3% sesquiterpene alcohols, and 0.2% of undetermined substance of an ester fragrancy.
Allyl Resins. III. Polymerization of Monomers
Authors: Cheng T.Y.
Published: June 2015

The refractive indices and Viscosities of six allyl resins, Polymerized at 70°C, with 1% catalyst, have been found to increase with the increase of, time of polymerization, especially those containing polyfunctional groups. The specific gravities of those resins containing bifunctional groups, such as allyl stearate, have been found to increase with the increase of time up to a certain point, and then to remain constant.

The conversions of monomers containing more than two functional groups, such as tri‐allyl citrate (T.A.C.), di‐allyl phthalate (D.A.P.) and di‐allyl adipate (D.A.A.) were different. T.A.C. attained highest percentage of conversion, while. D.A.A., the lowest.

When D.A.P. was copolymerized with T.A.C., only a slight increase of percentage conversion was observed, but with D.A.A., instead of T.A.C., the percentage conversion decreased. When T.A.C., D.A.A., or allyl stearate was used as modifier in the polymerization of D.A.P., the volume contraction of the latter decreased considerably with the increase of the modifier and reached a minimum if the content of modifier was 9% by volume. The contraction increased greatly when 10% of the modifier had been added.
Further Studies on the Silver‐Silver Chromate Electrode
Authors: Pan Kuan
Published: June 2015

A cell,

magnified image

was used for evaluating the standard potentials of the silver‐silver chromate electrode by extrapolation method. The results are in good agreement with, and give a confirmation for, those obtained in the author's previous investigation.
A Physico‐Chemical Study on the Stability of Metal Complexes of Hinokitiol
Authors: Pan Kuan , Hseu Tong Ming
Published: June 2015

The stabilities of the complexes formed by hinokitiol (β‐isopropyl tropolone) and bivalent metals, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Ni, were studied stepwisely by means of potentiometric titration with glass electrode. The stability constants, K1 and K2 for copper, zinc and lead‐hinokitiol complexes, (M. Hin)+ and (M. Hin2), and K1, K2 and K3 for nickel complexes, (M. Hin)+, (M. Hin2) and (M. Hin3)−, were evaluated from the pH values observed.
The Reactions of Halogen Compounds with Disodium Enolate of Succinosuccinic Ester. I. The Reaction with Iodoacetic Ester
Authors: Chang Daniel Y. , Shieh Nan , Liu Tien Chih
Published: June 2015

The reaction of iodoacetic ester with disodium enolate of succinosuccinic ester has been found to give two C, C‐derivatives, presumably geometrical isomers. Both of them have been isolated as crystalline substances. The oily product from which these crystalline substances had been removed, has been found to consist mainly of an unsaturated substance resulted from the catalytic decomposition of one of the C, C‐derivatives. Characterisation and cleavage of these substances led to interesting results.
8‐Hydroxyquinolinate of Quadripositive Praseodymium
Authors: Chang Tjao‐Hsü
Published: June 2015

Greenish yellow Pr(C9H6NO)4·H2O has been prepared in the same manner as the 8‐hydroxyquinolinate of quadripositive neodymium(1). The quadrivalence of praseodymium has been confirmed bromometrically, 15 bromine atoms being needed to brominate one molecule of the substance.

Yellow Pr(C9H6NO)3 · H2O has also been prepared by the addition of alcoholic solution of 8‐hydroxyquinoline to a dilute aqueous solution of Pr(NO3)3 and bromometrically tested.
Oxine‐Sulfonic Acid Complex Anion of Quadripositive Neodymium
Authors: Chang Tiao‐Hsü
Published: June 2015

The existence of the oxine‐sulfonic acid complex anion of quadripositive neodymium, [Nd (C9H5NOSO3)4]4− has been verified.

The atomic ratio of neodymium to sulfur in the electrolyzed oxine‐sulfonic acid complex anion was determined and found to be 1:4, while before electrolysis, the ratio was practically 1:3.
The Essential Oil of Chamaecyparis Taiwanensis, Masamune et Suzuki. II. Chamaecin, a New Natural Tropoloid
Authors: Lin Yau‐Tang , Wang Kung‐Tsung , Chen Chen‐Loung
Published: June 2015

A natural tropoloid, previously unknown, has been isolated. On fusion with potassium hydroxide, it gave 2‐hydroxy‐4‐isopropyl‐benzoic acid.
Synthesis of N‐p‐Chlorophenyl‐N′, N′‐Dimethylurea
Authors: Chiang Fan‐Tih
Published: June 2015

N‐p‐Chlorophenyl‐N′, N′‐dimethylurea (CMU) was synthesized by the reaction of p‐chlorophenyl isocyanate with dimethylamine in mono‐chlorobenzene. The yield was 82.17%. p‐Chlorophenyl isocyanate was prepared by heating p‐chlorocarbamyl chloride, which was synthesized by phosgenation of p‐chloroaniline in ethylene chloride. p‐Chlorophenyl carbamyl chloride was crystallized as colorless needles from ethylene chloride.
Physico‐Chemical Studies on Hinokitiol. I. A Polarographic Study on Hinokitiol
Authors: Hseu Tong Ming
Published: June 2015

Hinokitiol (β‐isopropyl tropolone; C10H12O2) was electrolytically reduced in a polarograph in universal buffers containing phenylacetic acid at 30° C. The dependencies of the half‐wave potentials and diffusion current for different pH values and concentrations were observed. A single wave was found in the polarograms obtained in acid and in alkaline buffers while two waves were round in neutral buffers. Apparent diffusion coefficients were calculated from the Ilkovic equation and the effect of pH on D value was shown. It was found that the ionization constant of Hinokitiol obtained from the polarographic data in 0.2% alcohol solution was in good agreement with those obtained from potentiometric titration.
Study on the Extractive Constituents from the Wood of Libocedrus Formosana, Florin. I.
Authors: Lo Tung‐Bin , Lin Yau‐Tang
Published: June 2015

The acidic components from the wood of Libocedrus formosana, Florin were studied. Thujic acid (4,4‐dimethyl‐2,5,7‐cycloheptatriene carbo‐xylic acid) and shonanic acid were isolated. The structure of shonanic acid would be 4, 4‐di‐methyl‐?, ?‐cycloheptadiene carboxylic acid rather than Ichikawa's 5, 5‐dimethyl, 4‐methylene‐2‐cyclohexene carboxylic acid as revealed by the data of its infrared and ultra‐violet absorption spectra and the results of catalytic hydrogenation.
Study on the Extractive Constituents from the Wood of Libocedrus Formosana, Florin. II. Interconversions between isoshonanic acid and thujic acid
Authors: Lin Yau‐Tan , Lo Tung‐Bin , Lin Tz‐Hong
Published: June 2015

The carbon skeleton of isoshonanic acid was elucidated as 4, 4‐di‐methylcycloheptadien carboxylic acid, and the interconversion between isoshonanic acid and thujic acid were described.
Refractive Index of Aqueous Solutions of Potassium Dodecyl Sulfonate and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate
Authors: Lin Wei‐Chuwan
Published: June 2015

Refractive index of dilute aqueous solution of potassium dodecyl sulfonate and sodium dodecyl sulfate have been measured as a function of concentration at 25°C. It is found that the feature of the refractive index curve resembles that of those curves for specific conductivity and density and that the intersection of the resulting two straight lines determines the critcal concentration for the formation of micelles.
Polarographic Studies of Dipicrylamine. II. Kinetic Study on Dipicrylamine by Polarographic Method
Authors: Lin Zui‐Feng , Yu Shan‐Hsiu
Published: June 2015

A kinetic study on the formation of dipicrylamine by the interaction of dipicrylaminate and hydrogen ion was carried out amperometrically in a series of buffers of pH 3‐5 at 25°C. The order of reaction was estimated and the rate constants in various buffers were calculated in which the effects of the reverse reaction and the total ionic strengths of the solutions were taken into cosideration. The effect of pH on the rate constant was also observed and the true rate constant of the reaction was computed. From the knowledge of the dissociation constant of dipicrylamine, the rate constant for the reverse reaction could be evaluated. Polarographic behavior of dipicrylaminate in low pH range was reinvestigated and the reliability of the experimental procedure was verified○
Spectrophotometric Study on Dipicrylamine
Authors: Lin Zui‐Feng
Published: June 2015

A spectrophotometric study on dipicrylamine and sodium dipicrylaminate was carried out at 25°C and 30°C. The molar extinction coefficients at 350, 380 and 430 mμ for each species were given from which the actual concentrations of dipicrylamine and dipicrylaminate in buffers of various pH, ranging from 3 to 5 or in conductivity water, were calculated. Ka for yellow dipicrylamine could be thus evaluated directly by combining with the pH values of the buffers. The solubility of dipicrylamine in water was also calculated with the same calculation. A new method of determining the concentration of dipicrylaminate was proposed.
Separation of Metals by Anion Exchange Resins. IV. Separation of RaE (Bi210) and RaF (Po210) from Radioactive Spring Sediment, Hokutolite
Authors: Chen Ying‐Mao
Published: June 2015

RaE (Bi210) and RaF (Polonium) present in complicated hot spring sediment, Hokutolite, was selectively separated and purified in the form of complex chloride anions with anion exchange resin. After the two anionic complexes had been adsorbed by the resin bed of the chloride form of Amberlite IRA‐400 and separated from most cations in the sediment, the column was then washed with 8N and 0.5 N hydrochloric acid to remove lead and iron that might form anionic chloride complexes and partly retained by the column, RaE and RaF thus freed from other impurities and still held by the resin column could be eluted separately with normal sulfuric acid and perchloric (1:1) acid respectively. Radiochemical purity of these activities were checked by the decay experiments and the results were quite satisfactory.
Paper Chromatographic Studies of the Tropolones of some Cupressaceae in Formosa
Authors: Yau‐Tang Lin , Tung‐Bin Lo , Kung‐Tsung Wang
Published: June 2015

Zavarin‐Anderson paper chromatographic method was applied to identify the tropolonic constituents in the extracts of heartwood from four species of Formosan Cupresssaceae. The presence of α‐and β‐thujaplicin in Chamaecyparis Taiwanensis, β‐ thujaplicin in C hamaecy paris formosensis, β‐ and γ‐ thujaplicin in Libocedrus formosana and α‐, β‐ thujaplicin and nootkatin in Juniperus formosana was confirmed.
The Thermodynamics of Silver Sulfate from E. M. F. Measurements
Authors: Pan Kuan , Lin Jeong‐Long
Published: June 2015

The e. m. f.'s of the cells,

Cd/CdSO4 · 8/3 H2O(satd.)/Cd‐Hg(2‐phase), and

Cd‐Hg(2‐phase)/CdSO4 · 8/3 H2O(satd.)/Ag2SO4(s)‐Ag,

were observed at 25°, 30°, 40°, 50° and 60°C.

The saturated cadmium amalgam electrode has been employed in evaluating the standard potential of the silver‐silver sulfate electrode, the activity‐product constants of Ag2SO4, and thermodynamic data for the reactions

Cd + Ag2SO4 = 2Ag + Cd++ + SO4−

and

2Hg + Ag2SO4 = Hg2SO4 + 2Ag

in the temperature range of interest. The molar heat and free energy change for the formation of Ag2SO4 at 25°C have been evaluated.
A Polarographic Study of Uranyl‐Sulfosalicylate Complex
Authors: Hseu Tong‐Ming
Published: June 2015

Polarographic studies of uranyl perchlorate in the presence of an excess of sulfosalicylate have given an information for the complex formation of the 1: 1 uranyl sulfosalicylate at pH 4.68, corresponding to the reaction:

U[VI]: sulfosalicylate + H+ + e → U[V]: sulfosalicylate Above pH 4.9, however, the polarographic wave splitted into two reduction waves which may be attributed to the dissociation of the complex, and the reduction of U[VI] to U[V] and U[V] to U[VI].
Physico‐Chemical Studies of Hinokitiol. II. A Spectrophotometric Study on Hinokitiol
Authors: Hseu Tong‐Ming
Published: June 2015

A spectrophotometric study of hinokitiol in universal buffers of various pH's was carried out at 30°. The ionization constant obtained at ionic strength 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 for hinokitiol were extrapolated to zero ionic strength to give a corresponding constant of 6.16 × 10−8.
Ion Exchange Method for the Separation of MsTh1(Ra228) MsTh2(Ac228) ThB(Pb212) and ThC(Bi212) from thorium nitrate
Authors: Chen Ying‐Mao , Wong Chiu‐Ming
Published: June 2015

Recovery and purification of radiochemically useful isotopes, Msh1, MsTh2, ThB and ThC from commercially available aged thorium nitrate were studied by means of ion exchange method. The thorium ion, after having been converted to complex ions by the addition of complex forming reagents such as tartaric acid, citric acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), was not retained by the cation exchange resin column of Dowex 50 in Na‐form when it was allowed to pass through, while its daughter decay products were retained. With the above mentioned organic acids as complex‐forming reagents, the amounts of recovery of the activities were of the following order: tartaric acid > citric acid > EDTA.

Using 2N HCl as an eluting solution, MsTh, ThB and ThC were eluted out of the column, but MsTh2 was left behind. The latter, however, could be eluted out when 4N HCl was used as eluting solution. When this effluents of 2N HCl was allowed to pass through another resin column of anion exchange resin, Amberlite IRA‐400 in chloride form, ThB and ThC were absorbed, and only MsTh1 passed through without retention.

Separation of ThB and ThC from each other was carried out by eluting with 8N HCl. By this treatment only ThB was eluted out off the column and ThC was still retained. ThC could be eluted out off the column by means of 2N H2SO4.

Using the simple procedure outlined above, the authors succeeded in separating the radioactive decay daughters MsTh1, MsTh2, ThB and ThC from their parent Th232, and from one another. The radiochemical purity of these decay daughters was checked by following their decay curves. These results mere quite satisfactory,
Paper Chromatography of Phenols by Polyamide Impregnated Paper
Authors: Wang Kung‐Tsung
Published: June 2015

Paper chromatography of phenols on polyamide impregnated paper was devised. Fourteen phenols in seven different solvents were studied. The Rf values were tabulated. The relation between the structure of phenols and Rf values was discussed. This method was applied for the identification of phenolic constituents of Chamaecyparis formosensis Matum, in wich p‐cresol, o‐cresol and carvacrol were identified.
Studies of Water‐Soluble Polysaccharides from Red Seaweeds (Pterocladia Tenuis Okam. and Bangia Fusco‐Purpurea Lyngb)
Authors: Wu Ya‐Chen , Ho Hon‐Kai
Published: June 2015

Existence of D‐galactose and 3,6‐anhydro‐L‐galactose in the polysaccharide obtained from Pterocladia tenuis was confirmed. The polysaccharide extracted from Bangia fusco‐purpurea was fonud to consist of DL‐galactose, 3,6‐anhydro‐L‐galactose and 6‐0‐methyl‐D‐galactose. Results of studies on these polysaccharides with methods of periodic oxidation or partial hydrolysis were reported with the suggestion that the main part of the polysaccharides extracted from pterocladia tenuis Okam might be built up from a repeating unit like agarobiose structure.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Uranium with Ammonium Aurin Tricarboxylate
Authors: Lai T. T. , Chang T. L.
Published: June 2015

For the purpose of developing a sensitive and precise spectrophotometric method for uranium determination, the reaction of uranium (VI) with aluminon, ammonium salt of aurintricarboxylic acid, was rigorously examined. Uranium reacted with aluminon to give a pink color absorption complex with the maximum absorbance at 535 mμ and optimum pH of 4.0 to 4.8.

The presence of two kinds of absorption complex, UO2++‐ATA and (UO2++)2‐ATA, was proved, the electromigration tests for both were shown to be negative. The molar extinction coefficient of UO2++‐ATA was found to be 7400 and that of (UO2++)2‐ATA, 12000, with the instability constants of 5.0×10−7 and 2.8×10−12 respectively. The practical sensitivity was 0.5 to 1 p.p.m. The color reaction was also found to conform with Beer's law, and the intensity did not change within four weeks.
Trimethylsilyl Derivatives of Pentoses and a Methylpentose
Authors: Liu Sheng‐Lieh , Ho Chin‐Hsia
Published: June 2015

Tetra‐(trimethylsilyl‐) derivatives of d‐xylose, l‐arabinose and l‐rhamnose have been synthesized and their properties recorded.
Magnetic Susceptibilities of Ions of the Iron Group as Sulfates in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Huang Kun‐Po , Lin Wei‐Chuwan
Published: June 2015

Magnetic susceptibilities of some iron group metal sulfates were measured after the semi‐differential Gouy method. The results were listed in Tables I, II, and III, and also illustrated in Fig. 1 and 2. No significant changes in susceptibilities were observed for CoSO4 and NiSO4 in the aqueous solutions, while in the Fe2 (SO4)3 solution, the hydrolysis proceeded to a considerable extent, leading to the formation of strongly diamagnetic hydrolysis product which diminished the apparent magnetic moment of Fe+++ considerably at big dilution and at low acidity.
Polarographic Studies of Uranium in α‐Hydroxy‐Iso‐Butyrate Medium
Authors: Wong Wen‐Kuei , Pan Kuan
Published: June 2015

Uranyl perchlorate in aqueous solution containing α‐hydroxy‐iso‐butyric acid (HA) and sodium perchlorate was observed at varying pH's. Two reduction waves with half‐wave potentials at −0.22 and −0.95 volts vs. S. C. E., observed at pH below 3.0, are attributable to the polarographic reductions, UO2+++e→UO2+ and UO+++e→UO+, or UOOH++e→UOOH, while the first wave observed above pH 3.0 or in large excess of HA above pH 2.0, may be attributable to the reduction of UO2A+ complex and the third wave at −1.2 volt vs. S. C. E. to that of UOA+ complex or its dimer. A confirmation for the latter was made by polarographic reduction of uranous sulfate in HA and NaClO4 solution.
Determination of Thorium and its Separation from Rare Earths in Monazite Sand
Authors: Chang Tiao‐Hsü
Published: June 2015

A new method based on precipitation from homogeneous solution and devised for the separation and determination of thorium in monazite sand, consists of four step3: decomposition of monazite sand with sulfuric acid, removal of phosphate radical by washing with alcohol, precipitation of thorium, rare earths and some other constituents in monazite sand with ammonium carbonate in the presence of tartaric acid, and separation of thorium from the rare earths by the hydrolysis of urea in the presence of formic acid. The separation of thorium from a small amount of other constituents associated with the basic thorium formate, is easily carried out by oxalic acid method at the last operation. Approximately ninety‐five per‐cent of phosphate radical can be removed with alcohol. After the removal of phosphate radical, the determination of thorium and its separation from the rare earths is very much simplified. The formation of dense, easily filtered and washed precipitates result in a more accurate and rapid method.
Reaction of Halogen Compounds on DisodioSuccinosuccinic Ester. II. Further Notes on the Reaction with Iodoacetic Ester
Authors: Chang Daniel Y. , Liu Tien‐Chih , Wei Yun‐Tsung , Kung Wen‐Shen , Sun Wen‐Kim
Published: June 2015

Additional evidences have been found to support the view that two of the crystalline products resulting from the reaction between iodoacetic ester and disodiosuccinosuccinic ester, those with melting points 106°, and 60°, consisted of stereoisomers. In the first place, the infrared spectra of both substances bear close resemblance Secondly, the keto acids that were obtained by ketonic cleavage of these substances could be converted into identical products and, when reduced by the Wolff‐Kishner method modified by Huang Minlon, they furnished the same cyclohexane‐1, 4‐bis‐[acetic acid]. The determination of the molar polarization of the crystalline substances at different temperatures showed that neither the substance with m. p. 106° nor that with m. p. 60° had a center of symmetry in its molecule. These substances also had almost equal dipole moments. These results are briefly discussed. The decomposition reactions of the substances with m. p. 106° and 60° when heated with sodium iodide have been found to be a general reaction characteristic of β‐ketonic esters.
Identification of the Products from the Reaction of o‐ and p‐Iodophenyl Acetate with Aluminium Chloride
Authors: Chang Chin‐Te , Chen Fa‐Ching
Published: June 2015

The products, (I) m. p. 69‐71° and (II) m. p. 171‐172°, obtained from the reaction of o‐ and p‐ iodophenyl acetate with anhydrous aluminium chloride were elucidated as 2,4‐diiodophenol and 3,5‐diiodo‐4‐hydroxyacetophenone respectively. Suitable methods for the preparation of diiodophenol and diiodohydroxyacetophenone were also described.
Paper Electrophoretic Studies of the Electrolytic Behavior of Quadrivalent Metal Ions
Authors: Pan Kuan , Wong Wen‐Kuei , Chiang Shu‐Chi
Published: June 2015

The electrical migration of tetra‐valent metal ions, Ge[IV], Ti[IV], Zr[IV], Th[IV] and U[IV] was observed by means of paper electrophoresis, using tartaric acid and tartrate or acetic acid and acetate buffers as background electrolytic solutions. These metals formed with the tartrate negatively charged complex ions which migrated toward the anode, but not with the acetate except the U[IV] ion, which was gradually oxidized to UO2+2 ion and then formed complexes with the acetate.

The ratio of ionic radii of tartrate complexes was approximately estimated from the ratio of their migration distances under the same conditions.
Study of the Extractive Constituents from the Wood of Libocedrus Formosana, Florin III. Isolation of Chaminic Acid, Acid C and Acid E
Authors: Lin Yau‐Tang , Lo Tung‐Bin , Cheng Yu‐Shia
Published: June 2015

Three additional crystalline acids; acid D, m. p. 105–106° acid E, m. p. 54–55° and acid C, m. p. 95–96° were isolated from the extractives of the wood of Libocedrus formosana Florin in which acid D was confirmed to be Chaminic acid.
The Essential Oil of Chamaecyparis Taiwanensis Masamune et Suzuki, IV. The Phenolic Parts
Authors: Lin Yau‐Tang , Wang Kung‐Tsung
Published: June 2015

The phenolic parts of the essential oil of Chamaecyparis taiwanensis were separated by powdered polyamide column chromatography. The fractions showed the presence of seven spots on polyamide impregnated paper chromatogram. Four of these spots were identified as carvacrol thymol, chamaecin and m‐isopropylphenol respectively. The main phenol was m‐isopropylphenol which was campared directly with the synthetic sample.
Kinetic Studies of the Photochemical Reduction of Uranyl Sulfate in the Presence of Alpha‐Hydroxy Iso‐Butyric Acid (I)
Authors: Pan Kuan , Wong Wen‐Kuei
Published: June 2015

The photochemical reduction of U(VI) to U(IV) sulfate in the presence of α‐hydroxy iso‐butyric acid, accompanied with the decarboxylation and oxidation of the acid to acetone was observed. The reaction rate was found to be of the fourth order, or of the pseudo first‐order with respect to the U(VI) ion concentration in an excess of the acid by following spectrophotometrically the concentration of U(IV) ion produced. A fourth‐order rate equation has been derived.
A Study of the Solvent Extraction of Thorium with Thiocyanate
Authors: Chen Ying‐Mao , Sun Peng‐Joung , Chou Fa‐Chun
Published: June 2015

A study of the effects of organic solvents, acidity and the Concentration of thiocyanate on the effectiveness of the solvent extraction of thorium has been undertaken. It has been found that both cyclohexanol and a mixture of isoamyl alcohol and ethyl acetate were effective solvents, and the most favorable acidity for the extraction of thorium was at pH 4, and the extractability of thorium increased with increasing thiocyanate concentration, reached a maximum value when thiocyanate concentration was 3N, and then decreased slightly.
Chelatometric Titration of Bismuth with Gallein Indicator
Authors: Sun Peng‐Joung
Published: June 2015

A method using gallein as indicator for the direct titration of bismuth with disodium salt of EDTA was devised. The titration was carried out in nitric acid. The optimum pH for the titration was found to be at pH. 1.3 to 2.3. The sharpest end point occurred at around pH 1.7.

The end point was reached when the magenta color gave place to a pale yellow. The interference of approximately equimolar concentration of various foreign ions was studied.

By the proposed method bismuth can be accurately titrated in the presence of a variety of both cations and anions including large amounts of lead ions.
Lithium Aryls. I. Preparation of p‐Cyclohexenyl‐Phenyllithium by Halogen‐Lithium Interconversion Reaction
Authors: Chang Daniel Y. , Yu Ruey‐Jiin
Published: June 2015

The halogen‐lithium interconversion reaction between p‐bromophenyl‐cyclohexene‐1 and organolithium compounds was investigated. It resulted in the production of p‐Δ1‐cyclohexenyl‐phenyllithium. The organolithium compounds used in the interconversion reaction were phenyllithium, n‐propyllithium and n‐butyllithium. They brought about 25%, 19% and 10% conversions based on p‐bromophenylcyclohexene‐1 respectively.
Reactions of Tropolonoid Substances. I. Reactions with N‐Halosuccinimides
Authors: Sebe Eigai , Matsumoto Satoshi , Kasuga Seiki
Published: June 2015

The halogenation of tropolonoid substances by the use of halosuccinimides has been extensively investigated.
Essential Oils. X. Elsholtziaketone and Naginataketone, the Main Constituents of a New Perilla Oil
Authors: Yeh Ping‐Hsien
Published: June 2015

Perilla naginataketoniferum afforded, on steam distillation, 0.4% essential oil, of which the constituents were 2.4% (‐)‐limonene, 48.9% elsholtziaketone, 36.7% naginataketone, 8.6% α‐caryopyllene, small amount of dipentene and acids.

The structure of naginataketone was elucidated as 1‐(β‐methyl‐α‐furoyl)‐2‐methyl‐1‐propene.

The taxonomical relationships between various species of perilla grass were discussed in the light of the possible routes by which the biosyntheses of the particular main constituents in the oil might be brought about in the plant of the Perilla Genus.
Ultra‐Violet Absorption Spectra of Aniline, β‐Naphthylamine and β‐Naphthol
Authors: Lin Tetz Che‐Shung , Lin Wei‐Chuwan
Published: June 2015

Ultra‐violet absorption spectra of aniline, β‐naphthylamine and β‐naphthol were studied qualitatively, by taking advantage of the effects due to the presence of a proton‐acceptor reagent, p‐dioxane, in various solvents with different dielectric constants.
Chelatometric Titration of Lead with Gallein Indicator
Authors: Sun Peng‐Joung
Published: June 2015

Two methods using gallein as indicator for the direct titration of lead with disodium salt of EDTA have been developed. In one method, the titration of lead was effected in a weakly acidic medium, using pyridine or hexamethylene‐tetramine as buffer. The optimum pH for the titration was found to be at pH 5.5 to 6.0.

Gallein indicator undergoes color change from purplish blue to red. In proceeding the titration within the pH range mentioned above, and in the presence of equimolar concentration of magnesium and alkaline earth metals as well as monovalent cations, no interference was observed.

In the other method, the titration of lead was carried out in the presence of Rochelle salt, using ammonia and ammonium chloride buffer to keep the solution at PH 10. Sharp color change from violet to deep magenta red was observed at the end point. Only univalent cations, such as sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium or silver did not show interference with the titration. The use of some masking agents has also been demonstrated.
Reactions of Tropolonoid Substances. II. Replacement of Bromine Atom on Tropolone Nucleus by Chlorine and Iodine
Authors: Sebe Eigai , Matsumoto Satoshi , Kasuga Seiki
Published: June 2015

Bromotropolone derivatives, when heated with acetic anhydride and acetyl chloride, afforded acetylated chlorotropolone derivatives. Similarly, the reaction between bromotropolone derivatives and hydriodic acid gave the corresponding iodotropolone derivatives. The reactivity of various bromotropolone derivatives in view of the replacement of bromine atoms by chlorine or iodine atoms was extensively investigated.
The Effect of Water on the Reaction of Metal Halides with Organic Acids at Higher Temperatures
Authors: Lin Lung Ching , Yeh Ping‐Yuan
Published: June 2015

Evolution of hydrogen chloirde occurs when an organic acid which tends to undergo intramolecular dehydration at elevated temperatures is heated with dried sodium chloride at 150°. Aliphatic and aromatic monocarboxylic acids are not acted upon under the same conditions. However, when mono‐ or polycarboxylic acids having a pKa<5.3, are heated with solid calcium chloride dihydrate, the above reaction takes place much more rapidly with the evolution of hydrogen chloride. Calcium chloride is also found to induce elctrophilic aromatic iodination without the presence of any oxidizing agent.
Studies of Benzofurans as Potential Antimicrobial Agents I. Synthesis of Coumarilic Acid and its Derivatives
Authors: Pan Foo , Wang T. C.
Published: June 2015

Coumarilic acid and its functional derivatives, including sixteen compounds hitherto unknown, have been prepared for antimicrobial evaluation. A preliminary antifungal test indicated that some of the derivatives were highly active. The details on their antibacterial as well as antifungal properties will be reported later.
Polyamide Thin‐Layer Chromatography
Authors: Wang Kung‐Tsung
Published: June 2015

Paper chromatography using the polyamide impregnated paper were reviewed. The method for preparing plates coated with a thin‐layer of polyamide for chromatographical work was devised. Circular polyamide plates for horizontal chromatography was also prepared. These plates were applied to the chromatography of the phenols, phenolic carboxylic acids and tropolones. The reproducibility of the chromatogram were excellent. It was found that polyamide thin‐layer chromatography is the most convenient method for the separation of phenolic substances ever found. The Rf values of phenols, phenolic carboxylic acids and tropolones are tabulated and the relations between solvents, Rf values and structure of phenols are discussed.
Intermolecular Association in Terms of Polarisation at Optical Frequency
Authors: Lin Wei‐Chuwan , Lue Ping‐Chang
Published: June 2015

Intermolecular association in the binary mixtures of p‐dioxane with chloroform and with aniline is discussed in terms of polarisability on the basis of Böttcher's formula for the molecular refraction of mixtures.
Consecutive Chelatometric Determination of Bismuth and Lead Using Gallein as Indicator
Authors: Sun Peng‐Joung
Published: June 2015

A new method for the simultaneous volumetric determination of bismuth and lead in the same solution with the disodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid was proposed. By the selective control of the pH to about 1.5, the author found it possible to titrate bismuth alone, and that lead could be subsequently titrated at pH 6.0 by adding pyridine as a buffer. Gallein was exclusively employed as indicator in the titration. It underwent an end point color change from magenta to pale yellow in the titration of bismuth, and from purplish blue to red in the titration of lead.
Reactions of Tropolonoid Substances. IV. Properties of o‐Carboxy Tropolones
Authors: Sebe Eigai , Matsumoto Satoshi , Itsuno Yoshaki , Kasuga Seiki
Published: June 2015

The reactions of some of the o‐carboxy‐tropolones were investigated, their functional derivatives were made, and the physical properties of these derivatives were described.
Reactions of Tropolonoid Substances, V. Perchlorination of Hinokitiol
Authors: Sebe Eigai , Matrumoto Satoshi , Itsuno Yoshiaki
Published: June 2015

The highest number of chlorine atoms introducible into the tropolone nucleus in hinokitiol is three. The introduction of chlorine atom into isopropyl group in hinokitiol occurs when at least two atoms of chlorine have been already present in the tropolone nucleus. Chlorine atoms introduced into isopropyl group are easily hydrolyzed or eliminated as hydrogen chloride, leaving an ethylenic linkage. The chloro‐derivative of hinokitiol in which the greatest number of chlorine atoms have been introduced is pentachloro‐hinokitiol. This latter substance is rather unstable. It can be produced only in very inferior yields because in the course of its preparation aromatization reaction occurs to a much greater extent as soon as chlorine atoms are introduced into the isopropyl group. The main product is a highly chlorinated cuminic acid having six atoms of chlorine (three in benzene nucleus and the other three in isopropyl). It is easily hydrolyzed even in contact with water when all of the chlorine atoms in the side‐chain are changed to hydroxyl groups, resulting in the formation of a δ‐lactone which on treatment with alcoholic ammonia affords the corresponding lactam.
Some Pentoxy‐Silanes
Authors: Liu Sheng‐Lieh , Rei Bing‐Hon
Published: June 2015

Eight compounds containing different number of n‐pentoxy or iso‐pentoxy groups were prepared and some of their properties investigated;