bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnetic-Solid Phase Extraction of 5-Fluorouracil Using Newly Synthesized Surface-Imprinted Magnetic Hollow Porous Polymer
Authors: Zulkifli Nur Shahz Ereena , Abdul Keyon Aemi Syazwani , Abd Karim Khairil Juhanni , Yahaya Noorfatimah
Published: December 2024

A magnetic hollow porous molecularly imprinted polymer (MHPMIP) was developed using a surface imprinting technique (mesoporous MCM-48 as a core). Its potential as a magnetic-solid phase extraction (MSPE) sorbent for the extraction of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) anticancer drug was investigated to overcome some drawbacks caused by conventional SPE sorbents. Although SPE offers advantages such as rapidity and simplicity, the issues of low selectivity and sensitivity still remain unsolved. Moreover, the current determination methods of 5-FU in water samples are seriously disadvantaged due to major matrix interferences. Thus, extensive sample preparation is required before instrumental analysis. The MHPMIP was synthesized via precipitation polymerization using a functional monomer, methacrylic acid (MAA), crosslinking agent, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), an initiator 4,4’-azobis (4-cyanopentanoic acid) (ACPA), and also the template, 5-FU. The specific surface area of MHPMIP was determined to be 63.47 m2/g with a pore volume of 0.2325 cm3/g using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. The MHPMIP possessed a good adsorption capacity of 2.089 mg/g. The adsorption capacity of 5-FU was significantly higher than that of the non-imprinted one (MHPNIP) (0.02324 mg/g). Coupled with FASI-CZE, the MSPE using the MHPMIP as sorbent showed that it could extract 5-FU from wastewater samples at low ppm levels. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) of the MSPE-FASI-CZE method was found to be 3.228 and 9.782 mg/L, respectively, in the linear concentration range of 5 to 15 mg/L with a good correlation (R2 = 0.9973). A recovery up to 105.7% (RSD% 9.428, n = 3) was obtained for 5-FU (5 mg/L) spiked in real samples.
Removal of Rhodamine 6G Dye using Pineapple Leaf Activated Carbon-Magnetite Sorbent
Authors: Lim Yen Yee , Ng Nyukting , Abdul Keyon Aemi Syazwani
Published: December 2024

Pineapple leaf-activated carbon-magnetite (PLACM) was used as a sorbent for the removal of rhodamine 6G (R6G) dye from the aqueous phase. In this study, PLACM was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) techniques. FTIR spectra showed the presence of a Fe-O bond at 592 cm-1 in the PLACM, while FESEM analysis showed a rough, porous surface with some pores deposited by Fe3O4 particles. BET surface area for PLACM was 439.53 m2/g. The removal efficiency of R6G dye was determined by UV-vis spectrophotometry and optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed to maximize R6G dye removal based on 17 experimental data. The parameters studied were the pH of the sample solution (pH 5-11), initial dye concentration (5-15 ppm) and sorbent dosage (6-14 mg). High correlation coefficients (R2=0.9852) and low standard deviation (SD=1.47) confirmed the consistency of predicted values with respective experimental values and the adequacy of the quadratic model. The optimum conditions to remove R6G dye were pH 7.19, initial dye concentration of 10 ppm and 10 mg of PLACM. Good linearity was achieved with R2=0.9853, while the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.124 ppm and 0.376 ppm, respectively. Maximum removal of R6G dye in aqueous solution during optimization was 88.40%. As for real sample analysis, the removal percentage for R6G dye was 10.70±8.09%. Low adsorption ability was affected by the nature of the sorbent surface involved in the adsorption process. Negative charged PLACM surface site was applicable to positive charge basic dyes. However, disperse dyes used in the Uwin Textile Industry possess a negative charge in the solution, resulting in low removal performances due to the electrostatic repulsion between the negatively charged disperse dye and the negatively charged PLACM surface.
Mapping the Research Landscape of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks (ZIFs) for Hydrogen Production: Structural Modelling and Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Matmin Juan , Fauzi Siti Nur Umairah Shikh Mohd , Razali Khairul Rijal , Seth Nur Hikamah , Zainal-Abidin Mohamad Hamdi , Malek Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik , Jalil Aishah Abdul , Toemen Susilawati , Idrus Mohd Izzam
Published: December 2024

Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks (ZIFs) have gained significant attention as potential catalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER), a critical process in sustainable hydrogen production. This review offers an in-depth examination of ZIFs, emphasizing how their structural versatility—through the selection of metal centers and organic linkers—directly impacts HER efficiency. We analyze key ZIF-based catalysts, highlighting their performance in terms of electron transfer, active site exposure, and stability under reaction conditions. A bibliometric analysis tracks the growth of research in this domain, revealing collaboration networks and identifying the most influential studies driving innovation. By mapping the research landscape, we uncover trends, challenges, and emerging areas that are shaping the future of ZIFs in HER. The integration of structural modelling and bibliometric analysis provides a holistic understanding of the progress made in this field and serves as a guide for future research efforts aimed at optimizing ZIFs for hydrogen generation. This review underscores ZIFs' pivotal role in advancing the hydrogen economy through efficient HER processes.
The Synthesis and Characterization of Transition Metal Complexes of Mono Thiourea as Ligand and its Nonlinear Optic Application
Authors: Jasmani Syaziemah , Jillani Mamoona , Sapari Suhaila , Abdul Razak Fazira Ilyana
Published: December 2024

1,3-Diphenylthiourea (DPTU) is a promising candidate as a nonlinear optical (NLO) material due to its electronic structure, high dipole moment, and potential for strong nonlinear optical responses. It could be used in various photonic applications such as laser frequency conversion, optical switching, and signal processing. This study investigates the nonlinear optics (NLO) properties of metal complexes formed by using 1,3- diphenylthiourea as a ligand with different transition metals (copper, cadmium, and cobalt, labeled CA, CB, and CC respectively). Ligand was synthesized with a 70% yield. The characterization was performed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), and Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations with the 6-31G (d,p) basis set at the B3LYP level were used to optimize the structure of thiourea and compute the IR, 1H NMR, and UV-Vis spectra, which were then validated against experimental data. FT-IR analysis showed the C=S stretching peak at 1242.98 cm⁻¹ (experimental) and 1200.34 cm⁻¹ (computational) for the ligand. Upon complexation, the C=S stretching frequencies shifted to 1028.01 cm⁻¹ (CA), 1183.81 cm⁻¹ (CB), and 1205.50 cm⁻¹ (CC) experimentally, and to 1035.74 cm⁻¹ (CA), 1196.70 cm⁻¹ (CB), and 1221.18 cm⁻¹ (CC) computationally, with deviations under 5%. NMR analysis revealed amine peak signals at ẟ 9.633 ppm (H, NHa) and ẟ 8.169 ppm (H, NHb) for the ligand, shifting to ẟ 8.621 ppm (H, NHa) and ẟ 7.402 ppm (H, NHb) for CA. UV-Vis spectroscopy showed a π–π* transition for the ligand at 238 nm, shifting to 253 nm (CA), 266 nm (CB), and 265 nm (CC), with additional Metal-to-Ligand Charge Transfer (MLCT) transitions at 701 nm (CA), 429 nm (CB), and 507 nm (CC). DFT calculations indicated that the cobalt complex (CC) exhibits the highest NLO properties, with a frequency-dependent first hyperpolarizability (βtot) value of 6030.985 x10⁻³⁰ esu at 1064 nm, supported by a high dipole moment and low energy gap, making it the best candidate for NLO applications.
Characterization and Performance Test of Sulfonated Activated Carbon as a Catalyst in the Levulinic Acid Production Process from Cellulose
Authors: Anggoro Didi Dwi , Istadi  , Luqman Buchori  , Setia Budi Sasongko  , Novita Susanto  , Safira Febe Wijaya
Published: December 2024

The production levulinic acid from cellulose was investigated using active carbonas catalyst. This research conducted the characterize of activated carbon, sulfonated activatedcarbon, and nickel impregnation into sulfonated active carbon. The results showed that theacidity of the active carbon catalyst is 1233.046 μmol/g, while the Ni/sulfonated activatedcarbon had the highest catalyst acidity of 6106.512 μmol/g. In addition, the highest acidity ofthe sulfonated activated carbon catalyst was obtained at a sulfonation temperature variable of150℃ and a H2SO4 concentration of 10 N is 5108.332 μmol/g. At a sulfonation temperaturethat is too high, degradation of the -OH functional group occurs and can damage the porestructure of the active carbon. The results of FTIR analysis show that in the sulfonated activatedcarbon catalyst, the S-O, S=O, and C-S groups appear at wavelengths of 748-883 cm-1, 1148cm-1, and around 600 cm-1 respectively, which proves that the sulfonic acid group successfullyattached to the surface of the sulfonated carbon catalyst. Meanwhile in Ni/sulfonated activecarbon, the Ni2+ peak appears at a wavelength of 473 cm-1. XRD patterns of the three variables,indicating that sulfonation does not affect the carbon microstructure. The appearance of a newpeak at 43° indicates the presence of NiO species in Ni/sulfonated active carbon and the sharperpeaks in Ni/sulfonated active carbon indicate that there has been a change in the amorphousarea to crystalline, which proves that Ni metal is not only attached to the surface but has enteredthe active carbon structure. Catalyst performance test show that hydrothermal cellulose withoutcatalyst produces a cellulose conversion of 12% while active carbon catalyst produces acellulose conversion of 20%. The results of the catalyst performance test also show thathydrothermal cellulose using sulfonated activated carbon produces a conversion of 30% due tothe presence of -COOH, -OH, and -SO3H functional groups which have the power to adsorbcellulose so that it is efficient for the cellulose hydrolysis reaction. The highest celluloseconversion of 42% was achieved when using Ni/ sulfonated active carbon due to the presenceof Ni which bound to the sulfonate groups enhanced the acidity and catalytic activity.
Investigating Factors Associated with Digital Inclusion Among Older Adults in China: A Latent Profile Analysis
Authors: Ngan Le Thi , Sheng Yuqian , Chen Weichao
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to investigate the impact mechanism and diversity of digital inclusion among elderly people in China. As digital technologies become ubiquitous, older adults face varying degrees of challenges in adapting to digital life, yet research in this area remains insufficient. The study utilized data from the 2020 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS), including 10,198 participants aged 60 and above. Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was employed to identify different types of digital inclusion, and multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze the influence of various factors on digital inclusion types. LPA identified four types of digital inclusion: Class 1(utilitarian type ,14.4%), Class 2(social type, 18.1%), Class 3(digital disabled type, 35.4%), and Class 4(highly adaptive type, 32.1%). Multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that factors such as age, education level, family annual income, hukou status, living alone status, cognitive ability, Internet access, and age-friendly design significantly influenced different types of digital inclusion. Notably, cognitive ability and Internet access negatively affected all classes. Age-friendly design negatively impacted Classes 1 and 2 but positively influenced Class 3. Regarding psychosocial variables, self-efficacy had a slight but significant negative effect on Class 3, while social support positively influenced Class 2 but negatively affected Class 3. This study reveals the complex factors influencing digital adaptability among elderly Chinese people, highlighting the diverse needs and challenges faced by different groups when engaging with digital technology. These findings have important implications for developing targeted digital inclusion policies and interventions to better integrate older adults into the digital society.
Evaluating the Impact of Content Knowledge Instruction on Preservice Teacher Content Knowledge of Volleyball and Basketball
Authors: Chey Won Seok , Ward Phillip , Meyerhoff Sam , Watanabe Rio , Dillon Leslie , Arroyo-Rojas Fabián , Trainer Scott
Published: December 2024

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate a Physical Education Teacher Education course’s impact on preservice teachers’ content knowledge in volleyball and basketball. Methods: Eight participants from a Midwestern university were assessed over a semester across four domains, both before and after completing the content course: Common Content Knowledge-Movement, Common Content Knowledge-Performance, Specialized Content Knowledge-Content Development, and Specialized Content Knowledge-Error Analysis. Results: Significant improvements were found from pretests to posttests across all domains, with large effect sizes for most. Despite these gains, posttest scores indicated moderate proficiency, suggesting further refinement is needed to ensure preservice teachers’ teaching competence in K–12 settings. The study also found strong correlations between participants’ prior playing and teaching experiences and their pretest scores, particularly in common content knowledge domains. Discussion/Conclusion: These findings underscore the importance of targeted content knowledge training in Physical Education Teacher Education programs and the integration of evidence-based practices to enhance preservice teachers’ preparedness for teaching.
Reactivation of hidden-latent
Brucella
infection after doxycycline and streptomycin treatment in mice
Authors: Sancho-Sánchez Eugenia , García-Arteaga Kimberly , Granados-Chinchilla Fabio , Artavia Graciela , Alfaro-Alarcón Alejandro , Villalobos-Villalobos Andrés , Bouza-Mora Laura , Suárez-Esquivel Marcela , Chacón-Díaz Carlos , Guzmán-Verri Caterina , Moreno Edgardo , Barquero-Calvo Elías
Published: December 2024

Brucellosis has therapeutic challenges due to 3%–15% relapses/therapeutic failures (R/TF) after antibiotic treatment. Therefore, determining the antibiotic concentration in tissues, the physiopathological parameters, and the R/TF after treatment is relevant. After exploring different antibiotic quantities, we found that a combined dose of 100 µg/g of doxycycline (for 45 days) and 7.5 µg/g of streptomycin (for 14 days), respectively, achieved therapeutic levels of more than fourfold minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against
Brucella abortus
in the spleen, liver, bone marrow, and plasma of mice, causing minimal pathophysiological effects. After 30 days of infection, mice received antibiotics, and hematological, histopathological, biochemical, and immunological analyses were performed. After antibiotic therapy, the pathological, hematological, immunological, and physiological profiles paralleled those described in human brucellosis. Treatment lowered antibody titers, reduced proinflammatory cytokines, and reduced inflammation in the target organs for a protracted period. No bacteria were detected in tissues 8 weeks after treatment, suggesting complete recovery. However, despite high doxycycline and streptomycin concentrations in tissues, relapses appeared in 100% of the animals after 182 days post-infection, estimated by the bacterial counts and PCR from organs. This proportion contrasts with the 15% R/TF observed in humans after antibiotic treatments. None of the
B. abortus
isolated from relapses showed augmented MICs or mutations coding for antibiotic resistance in chromosomal-relevant regions. We discuss whether our findings constitute a general phenomenon or differences in the exhaustive screening method for bacteria detection related to the murine model. Along these lines, we envision likely mechanisms of bacterial persistence in tissues after antibiotic treatment.
Post-translational modifications on protein VII are important during the early stages of adenovirus infection
Authors: Arnold Edward A. , Smith Julian R. , Leung Katie , Nguyen Daniel H. , Kelnhofer-Millevolte Laurel E. , Guo Monica S. , Smith Jason G. , Avgousti Daphne C.
Published: December 2024

Due to the importance of post-translational modification (PTM) in cellular function, viruses have evolved to both take advantage of and be susceptible to such modification. Adenovirus encodes a multifunctional protein called protein VII, which is packaged with the viral genome in the core of virions and disrupts host chromatin during infection. Protein VII has several PTMs whose addition contributes to the subnuclear localization of protein VII. Here, we used mutant viruses that abrogate or mimic these PTMs on protein VII to interrogate their impact on protein VII function during adenovirus infection. We discovered that acetylation of the lysine in positions 2 or 3 (K2 or K3) is deleterious during early infection as mutation to alanine led to greater intake of protein VII and viral DNA to the nucleus and enhanced early gene expression. Furthermore, we determined that protein VII is acetylated at alternative residues late during infection which may compensate for the mutated sites. Lastly, due to the role of the early viral protein E1A in viral gene activation, we investigated the interaction between protein VII and E1A and demonstrated that protein VII interacts with E1A through a chromatin-mediated interaction. Together, these results emphasize that the complexity of virus-host interactions is intimately tied to post-translational modification.

IMPORTANCE

Adenoviruses are ubiquitous human pathogens that cause a variety of diseases, such as respiratory infections, gastroenteritis, and conjunctivitis. While often viewed as a self-limiting infection in healthy individuals, adenoviruses are particularly harmful to immunocompromised patients. Here, we investigate the functional role of post-translational modifications (PTMs) on an essential adenovirus core protein, protein VII, describing how they regulate its function during the early and late stages of infection. Our study focuses on how specific PTMs on protein VII influence transcription, localization, and interactions with other proteins, highlighting how PTMs are employed by viruses to alter protein function.
Releasing time to care: a quality improvement project aimed to increase direct rehabilitation time in a Stroke Rehabilitation Centre
Authors: Macchiavello Dolores , Blackhouse Jennifer , Clark Jennifer , Haddock Claire , Hinder James , Jelley Benjamin , Joyce Amy , Matchett Kate , Morris Eden , Moss Carys , Rees Chris , Walters Alun , White Susan
Published: December 2024

Stroke is a leading cause of disability among adults, and any treatment that improves functional outcome, like higher intensity of rehabilitation therapy, can significantly reduce its financial burden. Clinicians on a stroke rehabilitation ward are expected to track and nationally report on rehabilitation time to contribute to the Sentinel Stroke National Audit Programme (SSNAP), a process that was manual, paper-based, time-consuming and redundant, which in turn impacted on a reduction in clinical time to provide stroke rehabilitation. We aimed to release 20% of clinical time by reducing inefficiencies within their time management and reporting process, ensuring that clinicians had more time available for direct patient care. To do so, we developed a tool to gather and analyse SSNAP-specific data and use Kanban cards to make weekly actions visible to reduce miscommunication. As a result, the whole occupational therapists team gained 7.5 hours a month (25% of released time, 12 extra additional therapy sessions available) when improving their data gathering and analysis process. A specialist physiotherapist saw a 2 hour a month gained and 4 hours a month gained for a Physiotherapist. Dietitians also saved 3 hours a month by not having to duplicate information. This process is part of a key organisational requirement for clinical teams working with stroke patients admitted to hospital and by addressing some inefficiencies, we were able to impact on direct patient care.
Motivations for obtaining advance provision of medication abortion in the United States: a qualitative study
Authors: Johnson Dana M , Ramaswamy Sruthi , Gomperts Rebecca , Aiken Abigail R A
Published: December 2024

Background

Advance provision of medication abortion, or the prescription of mifepristone and misoprostol before pregnancy occurs, is an unexplored care model aimed at expanding abortion access. We examine motivations for obtaining advance provision from the online telemedicine service, Aid Access, which supports people in the United States.

Methods

Between May and November 2023, we conducted semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 39 people who obtained advance provision between January 2022 and April 2023. Interviews were transcribed and we conducted a thematic analysis to assess individual motivations.

Results

Participants were motivated to obtain medications because of theDobbs v Jackson Women’s Health Organization (Dobbs) draft opinion leak and eventual decision. Participants expressed concerns about access to abortion under current and future abortion restrictions. Concerns about restrictions prompted people to make a backup plan for themselves and loved ones, and participants compared advance provision to other emergency medications and practices. Some participants were motivated to have medications on hand because pregnancy would be either unsafe or difficult. Others were trying to become pregnant, but because of their health histories they were cognisant of the health risks of a desired pregnancy. Overall, participants were motivated to take back control of their reproductive autonomy in the face of inevitable abortion bans.

Conclusions

The need for autonomy, resistance and reassurance were woven throughout participant’s motivations for obtaining advance provision. TheDobbsdecision acted as a catalyst for action to take back reproductive autonomy and prepare for a lack of access to abortion care.
Trends and cross-country inequality in the incidence of GI cancers among the working-age population from 1990 to 2021: a Global Burden of Disease 2021 analysis
Authors: Song Yiming , Wang Xiaoyi , Shen Yufeng , Chen Liping , Yang Liuyi , Wang Ruilan , Lu Junyu , Gao Zhifang , Lin Xiaolu , Song Yan , Zhang Qingwei , Li Xiaobo
Published: December 2024

Background

GI cancers pose an increasing global health burden, with their impact on the working-age population (WAP) aged 15–64 years remaining largely unexplored despite the crucial role of this group in societal and economic well-being.

Objective

To assess trends and cross-country inequality in the global burden of six GI cancers from 1990 to 2021 among individuals in the WAP.

Design

The 2021 Global Burden of Disease study dataset was used to obtain estimates of GI cancer incidence and 95% uncertainty intervals, including the number of cases, crude incidence rate and age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR). WAP GI cancer epidemiology was assessed at the national, regional and global levels, evaluating trends from 1990 to 2021 from overall, local and Sociodemographic Index (SDI) perspectives and using standard health equity methods to quantify cross-country inequality.

Results

Colorectal cancer exhibited the greatest burden of GI cancer among the WAP in 2021. From 1990 to 2021, the number of GI cancer cases rose by 51.9%, although the ASIR declined by 23.4%. These rates exhibit geographic variation, with the most cases and the highest ASIR in China and Mongolia, respectively. Incidence was disproportionately concentrated in higher SDI countries, and worsening inequality was evident over time.

Conclusions

While the ASIR of GI cancer is trending downwards among the WAP, high incidence rates, regional variability and an unequal burden of disease emphasise the need for flexible, targeted medical interventions to support policymaking and medical resource allocation.
A Change-Level Defect Prediction Approach based on Teacher–Student Network
Authors: Duan Xinhong , Gu Xiguo , Zhang Jiale , Cui Zhanqi
Published: December 2024

Change-level defect prediction, also known as just-in-time (JIT) defect prediction, concentrates on predicting if a specific commit is likely to introduce defects. It effectively alleviates the limitations of traditional file-level defect prediction techniques, such as coarse-grained, hard to trace and poor timeliness. Currently, most change-level defect prediction techniques construct defect prediction models by using either expert features or semantic features. Recent studies have shown that the defect prediction performance can be enhanced by integrating these two types of features. However, obtaining expert features is not an easy task, due to missing historical data in real projects. To address the aforementioned problem, this paper proposes TS-SDP (Teacher–Student based Software Defect Prediction) based on teacher–student network. First, the source code is analyzed to extract expert features and semantic features. Then, a teacher–student network framework is constructed. In this framework, both features are used as inputs to the teacher network and only semantic features are used as inputs to the student network. The student network is enabled to learn about the expert features from the teacher network through the loss function. Finally, the student network is used to differentiate commits that are defect-inducing and those that are not, in the presence of only semantic features. The results of the experiments carried out on a dataset containing 21 different projects show that, when only semantic features are available, the cross-network knowledge dissemination between the teacher and student network makes it possible to predict defects. When compared to the state-of-the-art change-level defect prediction method, JIT-Fine, TS-SDP is 0.130, 0.114, 0.123 and 0.016 greater in [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], F-measure and [Formula: see text], respectively.
Solid–Fluid Synergistic Mechanism Energy Absorption of Bioinspired Multiscale Cellular Composites
Authors: Huang Wei , Xu Renduo , Zhou Liuyang , Yang Peng , Liu Jiayi
Published: December 2024

The distinguishing response ratio between the impulsive loadings and macroscale materials is one of the main challenges to develop efficient energy-dissipative materials. A multiscale cellular solid–fluid composite (SFC) consisting of open-cell metallic foam and nanofluidic composite (NLC) is developed and analyzed in this work. The effects of strain rate, pore size, and skeletal materials are performed experimentally to determine the mechanical response and energy absorption of SFCs under quasi-static and dynamic compressions. The results demonstrate that the intrinsic property of skeletal foams determines the quasi-static responses of SFCs. The mechanical response and macroscale failure modes are insensitive to the strain rate, while the yield stress of SFCs experiences a noteworthy increase of more than 1000% at elevated strain rates, indicating the excellent potential for various dynamic scenarios. The enhancement effect is significantly determined by the nanofluidic behavior, which is confirmed to have a considerable influence on the energy absorption capacity. Across a wide range of strain rates, the energy absorption of SFCs is categorized into three phases based on the distinct solid–fluid interactions, where the plastic domain, along with weak and strong multiscale solid–fluid synergistic interactions, are identified as the key mechanisms of response and energy absorption. This study deepens the understanding of multiscale SFCs and offers significant strategic insights and inspiration for developing efficient and hierarchical energy-absorbing materials.
Quantum Entanglement and Space-Time Creation — Energy Basic State Field of the Universe (VI)
Authors: Yang Xiaodong , Yang Yuchen , Zhen Luo , Bi Yuanbo , Cao Jingli
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we review the concept and criterion of quantum entanglement in detail, review Bell’s inequality and Bell’s theorem, and introduce the historical experiment verification work on quantum entanglement. According to the physical view of EBSF we have proposed, the physical picture of quantum entanglement is analyzed in detail. We propose that: the invalidity of CHSH inequality means that the local realism — this logic of physics is only applicable to the physical level of matter particles, and is not applicable to quantum mechanics based on quantum states; quantum entanglement is an essential feature of QSS, and quantum entanglement mainly exists in quantum systems containing QSS. In the quantum system composed of QSS, because it is in the physical basic state of the completely symmetric quantum superfluid, mapped to the current space-time — Euclidean space —, “action at a distance” exists; the failure of CHSH inequality means that a quantum system (physical level) composed of QSS does not have Lorentz invariance and cannot be mathematically treated by the so-called QED or QCD field theory; a quantum system is composed of QSS whose space is a kind of quantum topology space; topological space evolves into Hilbert space, which evolves into present-day space (including classical space and general relativistic space); the space-time of the early universe is a kind of quantum topological space-time in condensed matter physics, and today’s space-time is embedded during certain stage of the evolution and condensation of the universe. However, we are confident that the effect of the QSS field (with quantum entanglement) on the existing QED and QCD quantum fields is weak under normal physical conditions.
K+ currents in ventricular cardiomyocytes of p.N98S-calmodulin mutant mice
Authors: Guo Shuai , Hudmon Andy , Sahoo Firoj K. , Motes Madeline R. , Tsai Wen-Chin , Chen Peng-Sheng , Rubart Michael
Published: December 2024

Despite in vitro and in silico evidence implicating cardiac K+ channel dysregulation in LQTS associated with missense mutations in genes-encoding calmodulin, their effects on native cardiac K+ currents are unknown. Using a knock-in mouse model harboring the p.N98S mutation in the Calm1 gene, we found no evidence for dysregulation of major cardiac K+ channels. Although these data do not support mechanistic findings from heterologous systems, our finding impacts efforts to improve therapies for calmodulinopathies.
Formulation Design, Optimization, and Evaluation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Loaded With an Antiviral Drug Tenofovir Using Box–Behnken Design for Boosting Oral Bioavailability
Authors: M. Sri Rekha , S. Sangeetha
Published: December 2024

Purpose: The current study aimed to improve the oral bioavailability of tenofovir (TNF), an antihuman immunodeficiency viral (HIV) drug, by integrating it into solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), an emerging lipid formulation.

Method: The suggested SLNs were generated utilizing the microemulsion process, using Compritol 888 ATO. A Box–Behnken experimental design was attempted to analyze the impact of critical quality attributes (CQAs), such as lipid and surfactant content and homogenization duration on response metrics such as particle size (PS) and percentage entrapment. The prepared SLNs were assessed for entrapment efficiency, zeta potential (ZP), PS, polydispersity index, and in vitro drug release. Moreover, ex vivo permeation tests employing goat intestinal sacs, solid‐state characterization by DSC and PXRD, surface morphology by SEM, and in vivo pharmacokinetic evaluation using albino Wistar rats were conducted.

Results: The research findings demonstrated that a formulation composed of 5.5% lipid and 2% surfactant had a comparatively smaller PS (449.90 ± 4.79 nm), a narrow size distribution (0.304 ± 0.004), and strong stability with an entrapment efficiency of 83.13 ± 6.34% and a negative ZP (−18.10 ± 2.35 mV). According to in vitro drug release experiments, first‐order kinetics were followed and 99% of the medication was released over the time course of 24 h. In albino Wistar rats, an in vivo pharmacokinetic analysis of the optimized formulation (F10) showed a 12.4‐fold improvement in bioavailability over pure TNF solution.

Conclusion: This study suggests the potential of SLNs in overcoming bioavailability issues, particularly low permeability, gut metabolism, and P‐gp efflux transport.
Optimizing Automotive Logistics Using MCGDM: A Data‐Driven Approach to the Selection of Warehouse Location With Octagonal Neutrosophic Application
Authors: Kaspar Kalaivani , Kaliyaperumal Palanivel
Published: December 2024

The domain of decision‐making theory has made significant progress, especially within the industrial and management fields. Diverse decision‐making challenges such as multicriteria decision‐making (MCDM), multiattribute decision‐making (MADM), and multiattribute group decision‐making (MAGDM) have been thoroughly examined, equipping decision‐makers with effective strategies for tackling these issues. In the context of the automotive industry, a specific hurdle emerges when identifying the most suitable site for establishing a warehouse to store goods destined for multiple destinations. This article addresses a scenario amid uncertainty, leveraging substantial data. Neutrosophic sets (NSs) emerge as a comprehensive tool for effectively managing the imprecision inherent in such data. Among these sets, single‐valued neutrosophic sets (SVNSs) stand out due to their adeptness in handling inconsistent or incomplete data. The octagonal single‐valued neutrosophic numbers (OSVNNs) has a new tool for representing the uncertainty information in a simplified manner. Octagonal structure allows for representing different distinctions of truth, neutrality, and falsity of any complex situation and it is an efficient tool to compare different options based on their level of ambiguity. They have a wide range of applications in various fields, becoming increasingly important in addressing many difficult and uncertain issues. The article aims to propose a new ranking function for OSVNNs to convert the OSVNN data into precise values, drawing from the existing mean interval method (MIM). The conventional decision‐making approaches such as weighted sum model (WSM), weighted product model (WPM), technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), and VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) are employed to obtain the optimal warehouse location using OSVN application. Furthermore, it demonstrates the application along with the proposed ranking function using the software MATLAB to determine the most favorable alternatives. Finally, sensitivity analyses are performed to assess how different scenarios could impact the optimal location selection for automotive logistics.
Predicting the Shanghai Composite Index Using Chinese TikTok Self‐Media Data and Machine Learning Model in China
Authors: Zhiming Li , Huijian Han , Zongwei Li , Rui Zhang
Published: December 2024

The generation and application of new self‐media provide new ways to acquire information access for Internet users. It also provides a large amount of quality data for the accurate prediction of the Shanghai composite index. In this paper, we combined various machine learning and deep learning models with the search data of Chinese TikTok, which is related to the Shanghai composite index, to predict the Shanghai composite index. In addition, we compared and analyzed the prediction results of several machine learning and deep learning models in the short term, medium term, and long term. The results showed that the support vector regression model had the lowest mean absolute percentage error and the highest prediction accuracy in the short, medium, and long term, and the strongest robustness compared with other models. This was followed by random forest regression, which outperformed the remaining five benchmark prediction models (convolutional neural network, LSTM, GRU neural network, radial basis function neural network, extreme learning machine, and transformer model) in terms of prediction accuracy and robustness. The prediction results provide an innovative exploration of the prediction of the Shanghai composite index using self‐media network search data. The prediction method provides a new research idea for macroeconomic prediction and forecasting and also enriches the theoretical research of machine learning methods in the field of macroeconomic index prediction.
Perbedaan Tajam Penglihatan PACG Akut dan Kronis di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang Tahun 2019
Authors: Nukti Fitria Rahmi , Ilahi Fitratul , Nurhajjah Siti
Published: December 2024

Latar belakang: Jumlah penderita glaukoma terus meningkat di seluruh dunia, termasuk di Indonesia. Kejadian glaukoma berhubungan dengan kondisi kebutaan, yang mana glaukoma adalah penyebab kedua tertinggi dari kebutaan di Indonesia.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan rancangan penelitian cross sectional study comparative yang dilakukan terhadap pasien glaukoma sejumlah 44 orang pasien di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang, dengan satu orang pasien diwakili oleh satu mata, dimana pasien baru pertama kali datang ke RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang. Pada penelitian ini pasien dikelompokkan menjadi PACG akut dan kronis, setelah itu dinilai perbedaan tajam penglihatan pada masing-masing kelompok. Analisis dilakukan dengan Independent Sample T-test menggunakan SPSS versi 15.0.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ketajaman penglihatan pada PACG akut terbanyak adalah kebutaan (40,90%). Ketajaman penglihatan pada PACG kronis terbanyak adalah normal / visual impairment ringan (86,36%). Hasil pengujian statistik menunjukkan p-value <0,001 (p<0,05).
Kesimpulan: Ketajaman penglihatan terbanyak pada PACG akut adalah kebutaan sedangkan pada PACG kronis adalah normal / visual impairment ringan, sehingga perlu penanganan yang lebih cepat terutama kepada pasien dengan PACG akut untuk menghindari terjadinya kebutaan secara permanen pada pasien tersebut.
Tinjauan Sistematis Hubungan Diabetes Mellitus dengan Keratoconus
Authors: Shafi Amatul , Ahmad Tahir , Satari Karmelita
Published: December 2024

Pendahuluan: Keratoconus adalah ektasia kornea yang paling umum akibat multifaktoral yang masih banyak dipelajari. Diabetes mellitus menghambat keratoconus karena kondisi hiperglikemia yang menyebabkan glikosilasi dan cross-linking kolagen. Ada perbedaan hasil penelitian yang menunjukkan penderita keratoconus berkorelasi positif dengan diabetes mellitus.
Metode: Studi ini berupa tinjauan sistematis yang membahas topik mengikuti tahapan dan protokol yang ditetapkan oleh Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020. Publikasi tahun 2014 hingga 2024 dipertimbangkan dengan memanfaatkan situs referensi online PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan SagePub. Kata kunci yang digunakan "keratoconus", “corneal ectasia”, “corneal cross-linking”, “conical cornea” dan "diabetes mellitus" juga dibantu Boolean operator. Jenis desain studi observasional dipilih, kualitas dinilai dengan skala Newcastle-Ottawa dan ditelaah kritis.
Hasil: Identifikasi dilakukan dengan memasukkan kata kunci pada database PubMed memunculkan 3.478 artikel, 567 artikel di ScienceDirect, dan terdapat 108 artikel di SagePub. Kami mengumpulkan total 5 penelitian yang memenuhi kriteria dan melaporkan 6 hasil yang menjelaskan keterkaitan diabetes mellitus dengan kejadian dan keparahan keratoconus.
Kesimpulan: Tidak ditemukan bukti yang cukup untuk menyatakan hubungan antara diabetes mellitus dan keratoconus, di mana masih ada kontroversi hasil dalam tinjauan ini.
What is the Best Way to Measure Anti-Immigrant Sentiments?
Authors: Stiers Dieter , Hooghe Marc
Published: December 2024

While anti-immigrant sentiments have a profound political influence, there is no consensus on a measurement scale for this attitude. Not only are there theoretical differences on what exactly determines anti-immigrant sentiments, we can also observe differences in measurement scales. Two of the largest available comparative data projects use different scales: while the European Social Survey (ESS) uses 0–10 measurement scales, the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES) relies on balanced 1–5 Likert items. In this article the authors report on a unique survey experiment in Belgium, where both instruments were included in the same questionnaire. While the two instruments correlate only 0.72, they show exactly the same pattern, both with regard to determinants of, as with regard to consequences of anti-immigrant sentiments. The authors conclude that anti-immigrant sentiments are such a highly salient and amalgamated issue in contemporary society, that theoretically relevant distinctions are no longer observed empirically in a population survey.
Christian Theology in Arabic Dress: Stylistic Features of the Kitāb al-Maǧdal
Authors: İçöz Ayşe , Draper Mustafa
Published: December 2024

Kitāb al-Maǧdal (The Book of Tower) is one of the earliest known theological encyclopaedias produced in Arabic by a man called ʿAmr ibn Mattā who was a member of the Church of the East towards the end of the tenth century. Its peculiar stylistic features make it one of the most intriguing examples of Christian Arabic corpus. The book is composed in saǧʿ (rhymed prose) and embellished with various types of rhetorical figures. Each chapter represents part of a strong, defensive tower correlated with the metaphorical title of the work. Moreover, the work is divided into specific numbers of chapters and subsections, which all have biblical significance. Considering the socio-political and intellectual milieu in which the Kitāb al-Maǧdal was produced, this article focuses on these specific stylistic features of the work, analyses them in detail, and seeks an answer to the question of the author’s possible inspirational sources.
Criminalization of Domestic Violence and its Impact on Courts’ Punitive Policy: A Perspective from a Developing European Country
Authors: Tahiraj Flutura , Abdyli Emine
Published: December 2024

The domestic violence in Kosovo remains one of the biggest challenges despite country’s continuous attempts to harmonize its laws with EU legislation, including the enactment of the Criminal Code (2019) which foresees domestic violence as a criminal offense. This study aims to understand how the criminalization of domestic violence has impacted the courts’ punitive policy. The data are collected through semi-structured interviews with seven judges and analysis of 130 judgments on domestic violence, which were randomly selected in the Basic Court of Prishtina, covering the period January 2019 – June 2021. The results show that criminalization of domestic violence had a limited impact on the punitive policy: suspended imprisonment and suspended fine prevail as types of sentences, sentence of imprisonment is applied mostly to recidivists while guilty plea and remorse are the most common mitigating circumstances. Judges believe the mild sentences represent the right way to address domestic violence effectively.
Imagination and Emotion: a Forum
Authors: Barclay Katie
Published: December 2024

This introduction to the forum on imagination and emotion highlights the possibilities of attending to imagination within emotions scholarship. It draws attention to how a range of disciplines have articulated imagination, not least its weight in the Western tradition, where imagination is associated with visual imagery, and asks how the emotional turn might allow new questions to be asked of its nature. The introduction introduces the forum and briefly reflects on possible future directions.
Scenographic Aspects in a Story from the Kitāb al-Aġānī: the Encounter between Saǧāḥ and Musaylima
Authors: Cassarino Mirella
Published: December 2024

The question of space – of its visualisation and representation in literature, as well as the movement of bodies within it – concerns not only the concrete, i.e., physical dimension, but also the symbolic and imaginary spheres. The aim of this paper is to examine spatial perspectives and their strategic function in a narrative from the Kitāb al-Aġānī by Abū l-Faraǧ al-Iṣfahānī (d. 967) concerning the story of the two false prophets, Saǧāḥ and Musaylima, who upon Muḥammad’s death contended for succession to the leadership of the community of believers. In the story, the specific mode of visualising places (not least the tent set up especially for the meeting between the two) contributes to a peculiar conceptualization of power and its heterotopias.
Bring Into Our Beloved South a New Heaven and a New Earth
Authors: Baker Benjamin
Published: December 2024

This article posits a new frame for understanding Booker T. Washington’s sociopolitical philosophy: eschatology, a branch of theology concerned with the ultimate purpose or destiny of humanity. I argue that Washington was not solely an educator or political operative with a controversial program for the South; he was an eschatological visionary with a vision that competed and prevailed in the millennial marketplace that was Industrial America. Both black and white Southerners needed stories, and religious ones, to make sense of the chaotic Nadir and Progressive eras that had in many respects marginalized and left them behind. Washington responded to this need by taking the Exodus myth of his slave youth and combining it with mentor Samuel Armstrong’s philosophy and Henry Grady’s millennial chauvinism to produce a distinct African American eschatology. Viewing Washington’s lifework and thought through an eschatological framework enables us to better understand his controversial adamance on the place and function of black people in the American South, white people’s duty to them, and his vision for the future of the region, as well as understand the era in which he operated.
Jomsborg między historią a mitem: kulturowe oswajanie wikingów w polskich narracjach historycznych
Authors: Chomiuk Aleksandra
Published: December 2024

Wikingowie to współcześnie zarówno odwołanie historyczne, jak i produkt kultury medialnej. Proces unifikowania ich wizerunku idzie w parze z jego przekształceniami, zarówno w kontekście poszerzania przypisywanych wikingom ról społecznych, jak i w odniesieniu do rozmaitych lokalnych/narodowych odmian ich obrazu. W ramach polskiej pamięci kulturowej taką lokalną marką stają się legendarni wikingowie z Jomsborga, warownego grodu lokalizowanego na wyspie Wolin. Celem artykułu jest zarysowanie przemian historycznego i literackiego obrazu jomswikingów od połowy XIX w., gdy pojawili się w polskiej historiografii, aż po współczesność. W zgodzie z przyjętą w artykule perspektywą mediewalistyczną w centrum uwagi stoi potencjał adaptacyjny wyobrażeń o mieszkańcach Jomsborga, zdolność motywu do wchłaniania politycznych idei i dostosowania do oczekiwań kolejnych pokoleń odbiorców.
К вопросу о гибридности текста «О сотворении мира» в двух китабах литовских татар
Authors: Коницкая [Konickaja] Мария [Marija]
Published: December 2024

В данной статье рассматривается текст «О сотворении мира» из двух китабов литовских татар, созданных в первой половине XVIII в. (китаб Ивана Луцкевича) и первой четверти XIX в. (китаб Айши Смольской), хранящихся в Библиотеке Академии наук им. Врублевских и Национальном музее Литвы. На основании фонетических, морфологических и лексических особенностей обоих текстов предпринимается попытка обосновать гибридность анализируемых текстов.