bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic differences between western and eastern gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus)
Authors: LeDuc R. G. , Weller D. W. , Hyde J. , Burdin A. M. , Rosel P. E. , Brownell Jr. R. L. , Wursig B. , Dizon A. E.
Published: May 2023

Molecular data were used to examine the differentiation between the western and eastern gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus) populations. Control region sequences were generated from samples collected in the western Pacific (n = 45) and eastern Pacific (n = 120). There were 36 unique haplotypes identified. Ten haplotypes were represented in the western samples, and 33 in the eastern samples. Seven of these haplotypes were shared between populations, leaving three haplotypes that were only seen in the western samples and 26 only in the eastern. Although there were no fixed (diagnostic) differences between the western and eastern groups, they were significantly different in their haplotype frequency distributions and should be considered as separate populations. None of the 33 haplotypes found in the eastern samples had a frequency of over 11%, yielding an estimated haplotypic diversity of 0.95. This finding indicates that the reduction in abundance due to whaling may not have had a great effect on the haplotypic diversity of the eastern population, although the loss of rare haplotypes may still have occurred and would be difficult to detect. In contrast, the western group was dominated by two haplotypes, which represented over 77% of all individuals sampled, resulting in a substantially lower haplotypic diversity of 0.70. The lack of fixed differences between the two populations and frequency of shared haplotypes renders these data inappropriate for forensic applications at the population level.
The western gray whale: a review of past exploitation, current status and potential threats
Authors: Weller David D. , Burdin Alexander M. , Wursig Bernd , Taylor Barbara L. , Brownell Jr. Robert L.
Published: May 2023

Gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) occur along the eastern and western coastlines of the North Pacific as two geographically isolated populations and have traditionally been divided into the eastern (California-Chukchi) and western (Korean-Okhotsk) populations. Recent molecular comparisons confirm, based on differences in haplotypic frequencies, that these populations are genetically separated at the population-level. Both populations were commercially hunted, but only the eastern gray whale has returned to near pre-exploitation numbers. In contrast, the western population remains highly depleted, shows no apparent signs of recovery and its future survival remains uncertain. Research off Sakhalin Island, Russia between 1995 and 1999 has produced important new information on the present day conservation status of western gray whales and provided the basis for the World Conservation Union (IUCN) to list the population as ‘Critically Endangered’ in 2000. The information presented here, in combination with potential impacts from anthropogenic threats throughout the range of this population, raises strong concerns about the recovery and continued survival of the western gray whale.
An examination of certain of the assumptions made in the Bayesian approach used to assess the eastern North Pacific stock of gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus)
Authors: Punt A. E. , Butterworth D. S.
Published: May 2023

An assessment of the eastern North Pacific stock of gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) is conducted using a variant of the Bayesian stock assessment method of Wade (2002). This variant is based on the BALEEN II population dynamics model and uses parameters whose values are more familiar to members of the International Whaling Commission’s Scientific Committee. The sensitivity of the results to changes to some of the specifications used in the assessment is examined. The results are shown to be relatively insensitive to the first year considered in the analysis and the year for which a prior on absolute abundance is specified. An alternative Bayesian assessment method which involves projecting the population forward from pre-exploitation equilibrium in 1600 is also considered. As expected from previous assessments, results from this method are unable to mimic the recent trends in absolute abundance obtained from shore counts and are inconsistent with the fact that the fishery was commercially extinct by the end of the 19th Century. Allowing for underestimation of historical commercial and aboriginal catches provides improved consistency with recent trends in abundance but does not resolve these problems completely. The impact of process error (in the form of temporally correlated fluctuations in calf survival) on the dynamics of the population is found to be largely inconsequential in terms of resolving the inconsistency between historical catches and recent estimates of abundance.
COGNITIVE AGEING BETWEEN CUMULATIVE EFFECT OF LIFESTYLE AND CATCH-UP COGNITIVE INTERVENTIONS
Authors: El YOUBI Naoual , ZARHBOUCH Benaissa
Published: May 2023

Normal neurocognitive aging is characterized by its selective effect on the damaged neuronal regions and at the cognitive level. This heterogeneous nature constituted a strong motive for deepening the research on the causes of the emergence of interindividual cognitive differences within the same age group, helped by functional brain imaging techniques. The study starts from this premise and aims to shed light on the concept of "successful aging" from a neurocognitive perspective. This concept is at the center of attention of many researchers in various disciplines as it is related to two basic concepts: The firs concept is "brain reserve." It is related to people’s lifestyle, and is built and accumulated over the course of life through people's behaviours that are neurologically, and cognitively (reserve indicators) stimulated. The second concept is "Overdue reserve”. It is related to intensive cognitive interventions (indicators of Overdue reserve), as a catch-up and efficient mechanism that enables people with low levels of brain reserve to stimulate neuroplasticity, which contributes to enhance their cognitive performance. This study aims to explore the appropriate conditions, and effective ways, to help people develop functional neurological resistance against the decline that characterizes human cognition with advancing age. Hence, maintaining proper cognitive functioning contributes to improving the quality of life of seniors as well as enabling them to age healthily: psychologically, cognitively, and socially.
Optimization of Sugarcane Bagasse Conversion Technologies Using Process Network Synthesis Coupled with Machine Learning
Authors: Emparie Tujah Constantine , Ali Rabiatul Adawiyah , Nik Ibrahim Nik Nor Liyana
Published: May 2023

Sugarcane bagasse is a commonly generated item from the food industry in the world—the amount of sugarcane bagasse production is increasing yearly. In 2017, the reported sugarcane production in Malaysia was 30,000 kg, which resulted in 9,800 kg of sugarcane bagasse. Sugarcane bagasse produces steam as waste management in Malaysia or simply in landfills. This study aims to optimize sugarcane bagasse conversion technologies using process network synthesis. A superstructure of sugarcane bagasse was created via P-Graph, with multiple pathways or processes being considered. Data needed for the sustainability assessment of each pathway was acquired from various journal sources, including conversion fraction, operating and capital cost, greenhouse gas emission, and the selling price of products were implemented into the superstructure. Then, the data from the feasible structure generated would be analyzed using machine learning via Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis software. The data sets were analyzed using this software using the selected algorithm as P-graph developed 17 feasible solution structures. All 17 generated solution structures were analyzed using six different classifier algorithms. The multilayer perceptron algorithm had the best and the least error in classifying the data. Hence, the multilayer perceptron algorithm proved that the correlation between products produced from sugarcane bagasse and the profitability of the process was significant. Therefore, the model can be a basis for determining the best process for sugarcane bagasse conversion technologies.
Evaluation the Situation of Heavy Metal Contamination on a Sandy Beach in the Eastern Provinces of Thailand
Authors: Kroeksakul Patarapong , Singhaboot Pakjirat , Pokanngen Sujit , Suksamran Kitsakorn , Klansawang Channaphat
Published: May 2023

Thailand's eastern provinces are essential as a hub for industry and tourism, effect to the study has purposed for heavy metal contamination of a beach in the Thai Gulf area in the east of Thailand was monitored and focuses on the use of the enrichment factor (EF) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo) to indicate the environmental condition of beaches. The 30 sample sites were in Chonburi (CHR), Rayong (RY), Chanthaburi (CB), and Trad (TR) provinces, along a sandy beach of about 320 kilometers in length. An inductively coupled plasma technique (ICP-OES) was used to analyze the heavy metals present in the samples. The sand of the range with granulometries greater than 0.85 (18%), between 0.85–0.25 (77%), or less than 0.25 mm (5%). The most common heavy metal found in the samples was Fe at 1632±931 mg/kg dry weight, and the number of heavy metals found in the samples did not exceed the Pollution Control Department of Thailand standards. Principle Component Analysis (PCA) indicated that land use activities influence Hg content. The Igeo of Hg was 1–1.99 (moderately polluted) in sample location 4th of the Rayong province, which has an industrial zone and a port. The EF was mainly within the range of 2–5 in the four provinces studied (indicating deficiency to minimal enrichment), except for one location in Trad and Rayong province, which had an EF of over 5; a possible reason for this is that the area is close to agricultural and aquacultural zones, the government organizations can use the data to plan, monitor, and promote tourism in the future.
Measuring the Learning Effectiveness in the Cognitive, Affective, and Psychomotor (CAP) Domains in Electrical Engineering Laboratory Courses Using Online Delivery Mode: Universiti Teknologi MARA
Authors: Ab Rahim A’zraaAfhzan , Mun Ng Kok , Saparon Azilah , Abdul Rahman Ahmad Fadzli Nizam , Buniyamin Norlida
Published: May 2023

Online laboratories have been conducted in Malaysian universities using video demonstrations, virtual or simulation tools, or/and remote laboratories. Recent studies on online engineering labs mainly focused on the student learning experience, facilities, and teaching quality. The literature review indicated that the effectiveness of online laboratory learning should be approached from the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor (CAP) domains. The perceived effectiveness of these learning domains will help practitioners identify learning gaps in current practices. This study aims to measure learning effectiveness in CAP using the perceived CAP tool in electrical engineering online laboratory courses in a Malaysian public university. Three electrical and electronics online laboratory courses were selected. A survey questionnaire based on perceived CAP was distributed to 273 students and received 139 responses, a 50.92% response rate. The measured data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and reliability analysis in SPSS. The survey results suggest that affective learning is enhanced. However, psychomotor learning efficiency is badly affected when the delivery mode of the laboratory course content is changed from physical face-to-face to total online delivery. The evaluation of the effectiveness of cognitive learning was inconclusive due to the limitation of sample size in this area to enable accurate measurement.
Spectral Correction and Dimensionality Reduction of Hyperspectral Images for Plant Water Stress Assessment
Authors: Jian Wen Lin , Mohd Asaari Mohd Shahrimie , Dhondt Stijn
Published: May 2023

Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) is one of the emerging techniques used in plant phenotyping as it carries abundant information and is non-invasive to plants. However, factors like illumination effect and high-dimensional spectral features need to be solved to attain higher accuracy of plant trait analysis. This research explored and analysed spectral normalisation and dimensionality reduction methods. The focus of this paper is twofold; the first objective was to explore the Standard Normal Variate (SNV), Least Absolute Deviations (L1) and Least Squares (L2) normalisation for spectral correction. The second objective was to explore the feasibility of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Analysis of Variance Fisher’s Test (ANOVA F-test) for spectral dimensionality reduction in spectral discriminative modelling. The analysis techniques were validated with HSI data of maise plants for early detection of water deficit stress response. Results showed that SNV performed the best among the three normalisation methods. Besides, ANOVA F-test outperformed PCA for the band selection method as it improved the trait assessment on the water deficit response of maise plants.
Design Requirement of Bathroom and Toilet for the Elderly in Malaysia
Authors: Hussain Mohd Rizal , Haron Nuzul Azam , Raja Ahmad Effendi Raja Ahmad Azmeer , Rokhani Fakhrul Zaman , Ahmad Siti Anom , Ashari Asmidawati , Hassan Mohd Khair , Dolah Mohd Shahrizal , Ramli Saiful Hasley
Published: May 2023

According to previous research, the toilet and bathroom are the most common locations where injuries and accidents involving elderly people occur. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the issues and challenges of existing toilets and bathrooms among the Malaysian elderly and to identify appropriate solutions for them. The Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and Quality Function Deployment (QFD) sessions were implemented in this study, which involved a total of nineteen respondents, including elderly aged 60 years and above, their caregivers/family members, and agencies/authorities related to housing planning/development and technologies as well as researchers/experts. The recorded data were transcribed into text and organized systematically in the House of Quality (HoQ) for technical analysis. The focus group findings revealed that the four categorized issues raised by respondents in this study were quality, design, cost, and function. Furthermore, based on the HoQ analysis, it indicated that the top five highest ranks of customer requirements (CRs) for a new bathroom and toilet design requirement were comfortable (Rank 1), safety (Rank 2), affordable price (Rank 3), easy to enter bathroom/toilet (Rank 4) and anti-slippery floor (Rank 5). Meanwhile, the top five highest rank of technical requirements (TRs) refer to the existing OKU toilet design (Rank 1), anti-slip ramp & small drain under toilet door (Ranks 2 and 3), relocating existing toilet accessories, e.g., sink bow (Rank 4) and categories the cost according to the minor, major or new design (Rank 5). The information gathered could be used to develop appropriate bathrooms and toilets for the elderly in Malaysia.
The Changing Role of Higher Education in the Era of AI-based GPTs
Authors: Aithal P. S. , Aithal Shubhrajyotsna
Published: May 2023

Purpose: Technology has become an increasingly important tool in solving social and economic problems. Advents in technology are changed many aspects in the education sector. Ubiquitous education technology offered an alternative way of providing education anytime, anywhere, and any amount of time thereby reducing both the cost and time spent on higher education. It also increases the quality of education and made it affordable to everyone. Currently, the use of AI-based GPYs changed the game further, and by providing ubiquitous global information, GPTs can change the higher education model further. In this paper, we have made an exploratory analysis on how AI-based GPTs are affecting the conventional model of education both offline & online. Findings: There is a paradigm shift in the focus of the objective of higher education. Earlier the focus was on learning skills by information identification, information collection, understanding, and applying to solve problems. Now after the availability of AI-based GPTs, the focus is shifted to the use of research skills like Information analysis, comparison, evaluation, interpretation, and creation /generation to identify new problems along with their optimum solution. Originality/Value: The paper compares the changing role of higher education from learning skill focus to research skill focus due to the advent and free availability of AI-based GPTs to HE stakeholders. Type of Paper: Exploratory study.
Los inicios del franquismo en dos obras inéditas del conde de Rodezno
Authors: Alli Aranguren Juan Cruz
Published: May 2023

El objeto de este estudio es analizar el contenido de unas memorias inéditas de Tomás Domínguez Arévalo, conde de Rodezno, ministro de Justicia de Franco, completadas con otros documentos sobre su vida política en la época, en particular, la unificación y creación del partido único. La aportación del conde de Rodezno fue clave en la configuración ideológico-jurídica del régimen, en la modificación del ordenamiento jurídico republicano, y en las tensiones producidas por la unificación y las imposiciones totalitarias, la formación y membresías de la Junta política del partido único y, finalmente, en el proceso de separación y distanciamiento carlistas. El conde de Rodezno protagonizó una actitud de colaboración en el inicio y desarrollo de la guerra civil y en el primer gobierno, realizando descripciones mordaces de algunos compañeros, particularmente, de Serrano Suñer. Terminó su participación con el distanciamiento y la crítica del caudillo, el régimen y el partido único.
Trade, Globalization, and Dutch Art and Architecture
Authors: Kehoe Marsely
Published: May 2023

We all look to our past to define our present, but we don’t always realize that our view of the past is shaped by subsequent events. It’s easy to forget that the Dutch dominated the world’s oceans and trade in the seventeenth century when our cultural imagination conjures up tulips and wooden shoes instead of spices and slavery. This book examines the Dutch so-called “Golden Age” though its artistic and architectural legacy, recapturing the global dimensions of this period by looking beyond familiar artworks to consider exotic collectibles and trade goods, and the ways in which far-flung colonial cities were made to look and feel like home. Using the tools of art history to approach questions about memory, history, and how cultures define themselves, this book demonstrates the centrality of material and visual culture to understanding history and cultural identity.
Clustering-Based Imputation for Dropout Buyers in Large-Scale Online Experimentation
Authors: Shen Sumin , Mao Huiying , Zhang Zezhong , Chen Zili , Nie Keyu , Deng Xinwei
Published: May 2023

In online experimentation, appropriate metrics (e.g., purchase) provide strong evidence to support hypotheses and enhance the decision-making process. However, incomplete metrics are frequently occurred in the online experimentation, making the available data to be much fewer than the planned online experiments (e.g., A/B testing). In this work, we introduce the concept of dropout buyers and categorize users with incomplete metric values into two groups: visitors and dropout buyers. For the analysis of incomplete metrics, we propose a clustering-based imputation method using k-nearest neighbors. Our proposed imputation method considers both the experiment-specific features and users’ activities along their shopping paths, allowing different imputation values for different users. To facilitate efficient imputation of large-scale data sets in online experimentation, the proposed method uses a combination of stratification and clustering. The performance of the proposed method is compared to several conventional methods in both simulation studies and a real online experiment at eBay.
Lo curatorial : una filosofía de la curaduría
Authors:   Facultad de Artes y Humanidades Uniandes, Jean Paul Martinon , Paillié Plazas María Natalia
Published: May 2023

En este libro, queremos hablar de curaduría, sobre sus potencialidades y alcances, sobre los saberes que construye y los conocimientos que produce, de sus sociabilidades, colectividades y convivialidades.
Performance evaluation of the Alphasense OPC-N3 and Plantower PMS5003 sensor in measuring dust events in the Salt Lake Valley, Utah
Authors: Kaur Kamaljeet , Kelly Kerry E.
Published: May 2023

Abstract. As the changing climate expands the extent of arid and
semi-arid lands, the number of, severity of, and health effects associated with dust events are likely to increase. However, regulatory measurements capable of capturing dust (PM10, particulate matter smaller than
10 µm in diameter) are sparse, sparser than measurements of PM2.5 (PM smaller than 2.5 µm in diameter). Although low-cost sensors could
supplement regulatory monitors, as numerous studies have shown for
PM2.5 concentrations, most of these sensors are not effective at
measuring PM10 despite claims by sensor manufacturers. This study
focuses on the Salt Lake Valley, adjacent to the Great Salt Lake, which
recently reached historic lows exposing 1865 km2 of dry lake bed. It
evaluated the field performance of the Plantower PMS5003, a common low-cost
PM sensor, and the Alphasense OPC-N3, a promising candidate for low-cost
measurement of PM10, against a federal equivalent method (FEM, beta
attenuation) and research measurements (GRIMM aerosol spectrometer model
1.109) at three different locations. During a month-long field study that
included five dust events in the Salt Lake Valley with PM10 concentrations reaching 311 µg m−3, the OPC-N3 exhibited strong correlation with FEM PM10 measurements (R2 = 0.865, RMSE = 12.4 µg m−3) and GRIMM (R2 = 0.937, RMSE = 17.7 µg m−3). The PMS exhibited poor to moderate correlations
(R2 < 0.49, RMSE = 33–45 µg m−3) with
reference or research monitors and severely underestimated the PM10
concentrations (slope < 0.099) for PM10. We also evaluated a
PM-ratio-based correction method to improve the estimated PM10
concentration from PMSs. After applying this method, PMS PM10
concentrations correlated reasonably well with FEM measurements (R2 > 0.63) and GRIMM measurements (R2 > 0.76), and
the RMSE decreased to 15–25 µg m−3. Our results suggest that it
may be possible to obtain better resolved spatial estimates of PM10
concentration using a combination of PMSs (often publicly available
in communities) and measurements of PM2.5 and PM10, such as those
provided by FEMs, research-grade instrumentation, or the OPC-N3.
BrGDGTs-based seasonal paleotemperature reconstruction for the last 15,000 years from a shallow lake on the eastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Hou Xiaohuan , Wang Nannan , Sun Zhe , Yuan Kan , Cao Xianyong , Hou Juzhi
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Knowledge of Holocene temperature changes is crucial for addressing the problem of the discrepancy between Holocene proxy temperature reconstructions and climate model simulations. The complex spatiotemporal pattern of temperature variations on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) further complicates the study of Holocene continental climate change. The discrepancy between model-based and proxy-based Holocene temperature reconstructions possibly results from the seasonal biases and environmental ambiguities of the proxies. Quantitative temperature reconstructions using different proxies from the same sediment core can provide an effective means of evaluating different proxies; however, this approach is unusual in terrestrial environments. Here, we present an ice-free-season temperature record for the past 15 ka from a shallow, freshwater lake on the eastern TP, based on brGDGTs (branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers). This record shows that the Holocene Thermal Maximum lags the pollen-based July temperature recorded in the same sediment core. We conclude that the mismatch between the brGDGTs-based and pollen-based temperatures is primarily the result of seasonal variations in solar irradiance. The overall pattern of temperature changes is supported by other summer temperature records, and the Younger Dryas cold event and the Bølling–Allerød warm period are also detected. A generally warm period occurred during 8–3.5 ka, followed cooling in the late Holocene. Our findings have implications for understanding the seasonal signal of brGDGTs in shallow lakes, and provide critical data for confirming the occurrence of seasonal biases in different proxies from high-elevation lakes. To further investigate the significance of the brGDGTs and temperature patterns on the TP, we reviewed previously published brGDGTs-based Holocene temperature records across the TP. The results demonstrate that brGDGTs can record both annual mean temperature and a warm-biased temperature, and that both show a gradual warming trend during the Holocene with relatively cooler conditions during the middle Holocene, and a cooling trend during the middle to late Holocene. We analyzed the possible reasons for the diverse brGDGTs records on TP and emphasize the importance of considering lake conditions and modern investigations of brGDGTs in lacustrine systems when using brGDGTs to reconstruct paleoenvironmental conditions.
Comparative Analysis of Visual Positioning Techniques for Indoor Navigation Systems
Authors: Jain Ritesh Kumar , Agarwal Vishnu
Published: May 2023

Indoor navigation is a significant challenge that requires specialized positioning systems due to the limitations of GPS in indoor environments. Visual Positioning Systems (VPS) have emerged as a promising solution to address this challenge, but the selection and optimization of appropriate visual positioning techniques pose significant challenges. To provide a comprehensive understanding of this research problem, it is essential to examine the existing literature on indoor navigation systems, including the challenges, limitations, and opportunities associated with VPS. A detailed discussion of the specific research objectives would also be helpful in framing the research problem. Therefore, the research objectives of this paper are to compare and evaluate different visual positioning techniques for indoor navigation based on various performance metrics such as positioning accuracy, computational complexity, and power consumption. The paper aims to provide insights into the advantages and limitations of these techniques, identify key challenges in implementing them, and propose potential solutions to overcome these challenges. Furthermore, the paper will explore the potential applications of VPS in indoor navigation beyond traditional environments such as hospitals, airports, and shopping malls. These applications could include robotic navigation, augmented reality, and autonomous vehicles. By achieving these research objectives, this paper aims to contribute to the field of indoor navigation and VPS by providing a comprehensive analysis of different visual positioning techniques and identifying the key challenges in their implementation. This knowledge could be beneficial to researchers, developers, and stakeholders in developing more accurate, efficient, and reliable indoor navigation systems.
Effect of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation in Improving Function in Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Knee - A Case Report
Authors: Dowle Praveen , Krishna P Sai , Mohan C Lalith
Published: May 2023

The objective of this case report is to demonstrate the effect of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) in improving function in Osteochondritis dissecans of the knee. A 16-year-old female came with complaints of left knee pain, gradual in onset without any history of trauma and fever, was diagnosed as Osteochondritis dissecans. The subject had severe pain on weight-bearing and was confined to bed for 4 weeks. The treatment focused on PNF approach integrating the lower extremity patterns and techniques. Improvements in hip and Knee Range of Motion, Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Lower Extremity Function Scale (LEFS), and Timed Up and Go (TUG) test were noted. The improvement gained was maintained after one month, 6 months, and 1-year follow-up. PNF improved pain, knee mobility, strength, and neuromuscular control which promoted weight-bearing and function in Osteochondritis dissecans of the knee.

Key words: PNF, Osteochondritis Dissecans, Knee.
Basic Concepts of Motivology (Fascicle I)
Authors: Savin Angela
Published: May 2023

In the present study, we aimed to introduce into Romanian linguistic circulation a number of Motivology terms, a new linguistic discipline, and its dictionary not only includes the basic concept of Motivology, but also the terms from general linguistics and from other fields of linguistics – semasiology, onomasiology, derivation, linguopoetics, lexicography, etc., which are closely related to the theory of word motivation and stable polylexical units. The examples are brought, in particular, from the Romanian linguistic material, in order to demonstrate in such a way the necessity of researching language facts under their motivational aspect. At the same time, the terms proposed for the familiarization of all those interested in the given problem come to elucidate the research aspects of Motivology, which aims to study language phenomena from a different angle than the one carried out so far.
TURKISH VERSION OF THE ZOOM EXHAUSTION AND FATIGUE SCALE: VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY
Authors: SEZER Hale , AKÇA Nazan
Published: May 2023

Face-to-face education activities were transferred to online environments for the last two years. It is important to determine the exhaustion and fatigue levels of students in the education performed with video conferencing systems. The validity and reliability study was conducted to measure screen fatigue of students in the risk group of “Zoom Exhaustion and Fatigue Scale”.
This methodological and descriptive study were conducted with 317 students. Psychometric analyses of the scale and its adaptation to Turkish were carried out. A total of 317 students, 82.3% (n=261) female participated in the research. The mean age was 20.02±1.52. The validity and reliability analyzes of the scale were determined to consist of 15 items and 5 subscales. Confirmatory factor analysis results indicated acceptable goodness-of-fit indices. The Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.89. Turkish version of the scale is an appropriate tool which can be used to measure the zoom fatigue that may occur because of the video conferencing systems used in courses in the education of students.
THE ENHANCED RECOVERY AFTER SURGERY PROTOCOL IMPLEMENTATION STATUS OF THE HEALTH STAFF WORKING IN THE GYNECOLOGY-OBSTETRIC CLINICS
Authors: ÇETİN Tuğçe , YAĞCAN Hande
Published: May 2023

This study was performed to determine Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocols (ERAS) protocols implementation status before and after surgery by the health personnel working in gynecology and obstetrics clinics. This descriptive quantitative study was performed in gynecology and obstetrics clinics of two university hospital and applied to 151 health personnel in between December 2020 and January 2021. Data of study were collected by “ERAS Protocols Implemantation Status of Health Personnel Working in Gynecology and Obstetric Clinics Questionnaire”. The health personnel’s 86.8% didn’t know the protocol. Those who know it was 65% men, 75% in 20-30 age range, 65% had undergraduate education and doctors, 33.3% have experienced difficulties in practice. Significant association was found between participants' gender, reading articles about the protocol, believing in usefulness, learning resources and knowing it (p
MAXINE HONG KINGSTON’S THE WOMAN WARRIOR: SPEAKING FOR SILENCED
Authors:   Department of English Abbottabad University of Science and Technology Havelian. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Ayaz Sammar , Ilahi Manzoor ,   Department of English Hazara University Sub- Campus Battagram.Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Safeer Seema ,   Department of Linguistics the University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
Published: May 2023

The present research paper discusses Maxine Hong Kingston’s The Woman Warrior. Kingston being a Chinese American writer touches upon the predicaments of silenced women and her selected novel advocates for these silenced characters. The study investigates that where doe lie silence of chines-American immigrant and secondly silence of Chinese women in traditional Chinese society. Although there is the taboo “not tell” but Kingston manages to break the silence. She re-writes with the help of her experience and imaginative power and articulates the voiceless thoughts. The most important form of voice is speaking. In this respect Kingston herself realizes the importance of articulation from her own experience, besides “no name woman” she presents those characters who are capable to express their thoughts by articulation and among them brave orchid represents the strongest voice as her name itself suggests. This qualitative study implies feministic model of Madson and content analysis content technique and interprets data accordingly. Keywords: Silence, femininity, marginalization, Chinese, American
HUMAN ORGAN TRAFFICKING AND TRANSPLANTATION: A LEGAL ANALYSIS OF CAUSES, CHALLENGES AND IMPLEMENTATION OF EXISTING LAWS IN PAKISTAN
Authors:   School of Law,University of Gujrat, Pakistan, Idrees Rao Qasim , Imran Muhammad ,   College of Law, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan, Manzoor Saba ,   Lahore High Court Bar Association Lahore, Pakistan
Published: May 2023

Organ transplant save many lives every year throughout the world. But at the same time lives of donors are in danger because of illegal organ trade which is common in third world countries. People from all over the world especially from developed countries including Europe, Australia, and United States come to developing countries including Pakistan, India, and other developing countries every year. They used to hunt poor donors who are all set to sell off their healthy organs in return of money. Recent repot of World Health Organization (WHO) says that annually almost ten percent kidney transplants of the overall kidney transplants that happen in the world involve donors from the above mentioned developing countries. Current research is based on laws which can overcome this alarming situation and also highlights the issues regarding implementation of existing laws and policies. Transplant of Human Organ and Tissue Act 2010 is a relevant law which provides removal, storage and transplantation for therapeutic purposes. This research is of qualitative and exploratory nature. It is such as to find out the most relevant information for the topic and made evaluation using tools to take out research through articles, books, case studies and online materials. This research critically evaluates the laws which are related to organ trade in Pakistan. Primary source of research is relevant laws and their critical evaluation and secondary source of this research is journals and articles of relevant topic. This research concludes that Organ trafficking is one of the most common illegal activities in the world and particularly in Pakistan. In the last few decades, there have been a number of transnational issues. The most highlighted causes are poverty, exploitation of minors, and lack of viable organs. However, the root cause for the current scenario is the lack of proper legislation regarding illegal organ trade and the implementation of existing laws. The government and other public/private organizations shall observe the relationship between donors, donor health and organ trafficking in order to develop efficient policies against organ trafficking and transplantation tourism (Naziha Syed Ali, 2017). Keywords: Human Organ Trafficking; Legal Challenges; Transplant Tourism; THOTA Act
ARMED CONFLICT LAWS: PROTECTING CHILDREN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE
Authors:   Department of Law, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan, Amir Farah , Mirbaz Saeeda ,   Bahaudin Zikriya University, Multan., Ali Barkat ,   Department of Law, Islamia University of Bahawalpur.
Published: May 2023

Armed conflicts are as old as humanity itself. In past, regular armies were not established. The individuals, ordinarily the adults of hostile tribes, were used to participate in armed conflicts. However, the participation of children was also common in certain situations. Although children would not have been active participants, they were engaged as a strategic tool in armed conflicts and proved to be the most vulnerable segment in such a situation. With the passage of time, regular armies have been established including children. However, the recruitment of children is restricted below a particular age. In Islamic law, primarily adult members are considered combatants, and children have been given immunity. However, in the case of their engagement in armed conflicts, certain principles have been established to deal with them. This paper identifies the principles and rules of Islamic law protecting children in armed conflict matters. Keywords: Armed, Conflicts, Children, Islamic, Law, Protection, Right
Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) for primary spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee (SONK): a systematic review.
Authors: Saccone Luca , Franceschetti Edoardo , Campi Stefano , Za Pierangelo , Zampogna Biagio , Esposito Carlo , Papalia Giuseppe Francesco , Papapietro Nicola , Papalia Rocco
Published: May 2023

Introduction

The role of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) in spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee (SONK) is still controversial.

Materials and methods

We performed a systematic review to evaluate all available current literature on UKA in the setting of SONK. A comprehensive electronic research was performed using the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases with keywords related to SONK and knee arthroplasty. Studies were selected with predetermined inclusion criteria: 1) studies that specifically assessed SONK treated with UKA; 2) studies reporting implant survival rate and global clinical outcomes; 3) studies with a minimum follow up of 1 year. We excluded articles not written in English, articles that did not differentiate between primary and secondary osteonecrosis and articles published before 2000.

Results

The overall research process produced 19 studies. We extrapolated data of a total of 717 unicompartimental knee arthroplasty procedures (1,39% lateral UKA, 98,61% medial UKA). Extracted data include years of follow-up, patient demographics, laterality of lesion, radiological findings, unicompartimental knee arthroplasty implants, reason of revision, revision rate, maximum knee flexion, knee clinical outcomes score, and Kaplan-Meier survival curves. The data collected show that UKA had acceptable survival rates as well as revision rates and good clinical outcomes both in the short- and long-term.

Conclusion

UKA is an optimal treatment choice for primary SONK when correctly indicated in a carefully selected subset of patients, with no significant difference compared to osteoarthritis. Attention must be paid to distinguish the primary from secondary SONK, as the latter could lead to worse outcomes.
Mechanisms of bone loss in revision total knee arthroplasty and current treatment options
Authors: Jabbal Monu , Simpson A Hamish RW , Walmsley Phil
Published: May 2023

Purpose

Primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is an effective treatment which is increasing in use for both elderly and younger patients. With the overall increasing life span of the general population, the rate of revision TKA is projected to increase significantly over the coming decades. Analyses from the national joint registry of England and Wales support this prediction with an increase in primary TKA of 117% and an increase in revision TKA of 332% being forecast by 2030. Bone loss presents a challenge in revision TKA so an understanding of the aetiology and principles behind this is essential for the surgeon undertaking revision. The purpose of this article is to review the causes of bone loss in revision TKA, discuss the mechanisms of each cause and discuss the possible treatment options.

Methods

The Anderson Orthopaedic Research Institute (AORI) classification and zonal classification of bone loss are commonly used in assessing bone loss in pre-operative planning and will be used in this review.

The recent literature was searched to find advantages and limitations of each commonly used method to address bone loss at revision TKA. Studies with the highest number or patients and longest follow-up period were selected as significant. Search terms were: “aetiology of bone loss”, “revision total knee arthroplasty”, “management of bone loss”

Results

Methods for managing bone loss have traditionally been cement augmentation, impaction bone grafting, bulk structural bone graft and stemmed implants with metal augments. No single technique was found to be superior. Megaprostheses have a role as a salvage procedure when the bone loss is deemed to be too significant for reconstruction. Metaphyseal cones and sleeves are a newer treatments with promising medium to long term outcomes.

Conclusion

Bone loss encountered at revision TKA presents a significant challenge. No single technique currently has clear superiority treatment should be based on a sound understanding of the underlying principles.
Patterns of labor market reforms: a regional approach to the Italian Jobs Act
Authors: Berton Fabio , Pacelli Lia , Quaranta Roberto , Trentini Francesco
Published: May 2023

After estimating the impact of wage subsidies and EPL reforms on open ended employment, we single out which macro characteristics are responsible for the variability of the estimated effects at the regional level. We find that the impact of incentives is higher where GDP and VA per head are higher, and the informal economy is limited. Instead, we do not find any heterogeneity and in most cases any impact for the EPL component. We conclude that regions with a stronger economy benefitted more from subsidies, which might exacerbate territorial inequality.
Exploring how Professional Associations Influence Health System Transformation: The Case of Ontario Health Teams
Authors: Indar Alyssa , Wright James , Nelson Michelle
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Health care system transformations that align with the principles of integrated care require the collaborative efforts of various macro-, meso- and micro-level stakeholders. Understanding the roles of various system actors can improve collaboration in ways that support purposeful health system change. Professional associations (PAs) have considerable influence, but little is known about the strategies they use to influence health system transformation.
Methods: Using a qualitative descriptive approach, eight interviews with 11 senior level leaders from local PAs were conducted to learn about the strategies used to influence the province-wide reorganization of health care into Ontario Health Teams.
Results: During times of health system transformation, PAs balance: (1) supporting members, (2) negotiating with government, (3) collaborating with stakeholders, and (4) reflecting on their role. The enactment of these various functions demonstrates the strategic nature of PAs, and showcases their ability to evolve in ways that align with the dynamic nature of healthcare.
Discussion: PAs are highly connected groups, deeply engaged with their members and regularly engaged with other key stakeholders and decision-makers. PAs play a critical role in influencing health system transformations, by bringing forward practical solutions to government that reflect the needs of their members, often frontline clinicians. PAs strategically seek opportunities for collaboration with stakeholders that can amplify their message.
Conclusion: Insights from this work could support health system leaders, policymakers, and researchers in leveraging the role of PAs in health system transformations via strategic collaboration.
O simbólico e a crítica: uma leitura da filosofia da cultura de Ernst Cassirer
Authors: Gimbo Fernando Sepe
Published: May 2023

Trata-se de uma interpretação da filosofia da cultura de Cassirer em que se busca mostrar como o deslocamento operado em direção ao campo dos símbolos e do sentido reconfigura, em última análise, a própria ideia moderna de crítica. Para tanto, primeiramente recuperamos duas interpretações da obra de Cassirer em que o simbólico é tensionado entre duas vertentes maiores da filosofia do século XX, a saber: filosofia da linguagem e fenomenologia. Em um segundo momento, tentamos mostrar como tal tensionamento apenas dissocia o que está, na filosofia das formas simbólicas, necessariamente interligado. Para tanto, lemos o campo do simbólico como um campo estruturado na relação humano-mundo, a partir de uma reconstrução minuciosa da antropologia cassireriana. Por fim, tentamos nesse movimento de interpretação extrair as consequências para uma outra crítica da razão, crítica agora essencialmente ligada a um ideal de pluralismo e de reinvenção do legado do esclarecimento.
Registerband da Ernst Cassirer Nachgelassene Manuskripte und Texte [ECN 19]. Edição estabelecida por Christian Möckel, Hamburgo, Felix Meiner, 2022, pp. 1139.
Authors: Garcia Rafael Rodrigues
Published: May 2023

Sem resumo
Evaluation of training effectiveness in simulation-based cricothyroidotomy programme for evidence-informed hospital management: An executive summary
Authors: Cheung Victor Kai-Lam , Bicknell Ann , Chia Nam-Hung
Published: May 2023

This is an executive summary of an evaluation of simulation-based training effectiveness using modified Kirkpatrick model. With implementation of a new emergency surgical airway model, this study addressed overall organisational impacts and prioritisation strategies in resources allocation from the lens of an Industrial/Organisational (I/O) Psychologist in-training.
Sadness, sorrow, or despair: Improving existing tasks assessing emotional granularity
Authors: Keating Connor T. , Cook Jennifer L.
Published: May 2023

Some people can effortlessly pinpoint which emotion they are experiencing, for instance easily identifying butterflies in their tummy as excitement rather than nervousness, whilst others confuse their emotions. This ability to make fine-grained distinctions between emotional states – termed emotional granularity – is important for psychological adjustment and mental health. Existing tasks assessing emotional granularity require participants to translate emotional experiences into words and therefore rely heavily on language ability. In this paper, we discuss this limitation (amongst others) and introduce our novel EmoMap paradigm for assessing emotional granularity, which does not require labelling of emotional state.
The relationship between sleep health and psychosis and the role of cognition: An overview
Authors: Punton Georgia
Published: May 2023

Despite the well-documented importance of sleep, there is still a lack of understanding with regards to alterations in this physiological function within psychopathologies and psychiatric disorders. To highlight current understanding on this issue, this review will investigate our current knowledge on the association between sleep health and psychosis. While psychopathologies may stem from a multitude of environmental and biopsychosocial factors, the following argument will primarily explore the independent relationship of sleep health. This piece will also discuss future research needed to explore the potential underlying mechanisms present within this relationship, with a specific focus on cognition.