bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Micromechanically-motivated phase field approach to ductile fracture
Authors: Azinpour Erfan , Sa Jose Cesar de , Santos Abel Dias dos
Published: August 2020

Utilization of the phase-field diffusive crack approach in prediction of crack evolution in materials containing voids is investigated herein. It has been established that the ductile failure occurs predominantly due to nucleation, growth and coalescence of micro-voids and micro-cavities, which lead to initiation and propagation of cracks till final material collapse. This study is an attempt to model the material internal degradation with the Rousselier pressure-dependent plasticity law, assisted with the phase field diffusive crack approach for the first time, in order to account for the post-critical softening regime. Such treatment requires the utilization of a damage evolution law and a crack initiation criterion which triggers the succeeding crack propagation, whereby a modified crack driving force based on the sequence of internal damage is employed. In numerical terms, the proposed model is integrated within a fully-staggered framework for the mechanical and diffusive fields and is implemented via the finite element method. The verification tests on the model is processed by several examples with the focus on both qualitative monitoring of pathological crack patterns and the quantitative analysis on the material response, particularly in the post-critical range, complemented by relevant comparisons with the existing data from literature.
Loyalty over Fairness: Acceptance of Unfair Supreme Court Procedures
Authors: Armaly Miles T.
Published: August 2020

Evidence of procedural fairness leads individuals to support Supreme Court decisions, even ones with which they disagree. Yet, in some settings, unfair behavior is seen as acceptable, even praiseworthy, if it yields a pleasing outcome for one’s group. The loyalty norm occasionally trumps the fairness norm, and group loyalty has taken on increasing importance in American politics. I use a nationally representative survey with an embedded experiment, and a convenience sample survey experiment, to relate group (i.e., partisan) loyalty and perceptions of (un)fair behavior to support for the Court. I find that when group concerns are unclear, individuals tend to punish the Court for unfair behavior. However, despite conventional wisdom regarding fairness and support, individuals fail to censure unfair behavior when their group benefits from the Court’s impropriety. These effects hold when integrating preferences regarding specific case outcomes. Perceived unfair procedures do not universally harm evaluations of the Supreme Court.
Using Electronic Active Student Responding for Students With EBD
Authors: Riden Benjamin S. , Taylor Jonté C. , Mantzoros Theoni
Published: August 2020

Teachers of students with emotional and behavioral disorders often struggle with increasing student participation while maintaining a positive classroom environment. Active student responding (ASR) occurs when a student says, writes, or engages in some observable response following a question. This article identifies and describes three electronic approaches to ASR and provides teachers with tips for effective implementation with students with emotional and behavioral disorders.
Pedagogical Impasses: Posthuman Inquiry in Exhaustive Times
Authors: Guyotte Kelly W. , Flint Maureen A.
Published: August 2020

Impasses are often understood as blockages, as preventing something from moving along a desired trajectory. Thinking with Lauren Berlant’s conception of the impasse in the historical present and Rosi Braidotti’s writing on exhaustion in the posthuman subject, we wonder how we might move forward in/with the overwhelmingness of the present, impasses in and always exceeding the qualitative inquiry classroom. We inquire: How does the impasse inspire a posthuman pedagogical practice? How do we teach (inquiry) in exhaustive times? To explore these questions, we turn to our classrooms as spaces conducive to impasses, discussing two examples, before opening our discussion to the posthuman pedagogical possibilities that impasses make possible. We then zigzag to the present, where a disturbance, a pandemic impasse, invokes exhaustion, uncertain pedagogical a/effects; however, we continue to seek the affirmative. Throughout, we circle in and around the impasse. Exhausted yet somehow (in)exhaustible.
Characterizing the impact of magnesium and potassium-supplemented hydration with cisplatin and the subsequent electrolyte replacement requirements
Authors: Uhm So Jung , Meszaros Elizabeth , Hammonds Kendall , Patel Ina , Herrington Jon D
Published: August 2020

Background

Cisplatin-associated electrolyte dysregulation is a prevalent therapy-related adverse effect. There are numerous electrolyte-supplemented hydration regimens that have been evaluated, however these studies focused on the development of nephrotoxicity. The objective of this study was to characterize the impact of magnesium and potassium-supplemented hydration during cisplatin administration on subsequent magnesium and potassium imbalances.

Methods

A single-region retrospective study from central Texas at Baylor Scott & White Cancer Clinics who were treated with two or more cycles of cisplatin were included. Standard hydration for this study was defined as normal saline before and after cisplatin along with potassium chloride 10 mEq and magnesium sulfate 1 g added to the cisplatin bag.

Results

A total of 477 patients were included in the study with376 patients receiving the standard hydration. Overall, 17 percent of patients experienced a potassium level below 3.5 mEq/L, but no major depletion was observed. Thirty-three percent of the patients experienced a magnesium level below 1.8 mg/dL, and time to first rescue magnesium supplementation was 4 weeks.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated despite routine magnesium and potassium supplementation in hydration, magnesium imbalances were observed. Potassium levels post cisplatin administration were maintained with minimal routine supplementation in hydration.
Acute pancreatitis in a patient treated with imatinib and gefitinib
Authors: Escudero-Vilaplana Vicente , Collado-Borrell Roberto , Villanueva-Bueno Cristina , Álvarez Rosa , Herranz Ana , Sanjurjo María
Published: August 2020

Introduction

Use of oral antineoplastic agents (OAAs) has increased significantly in recent years. OAAs currently represent 30-50% of all cancer treatments. Drug interactions are the most frequent drug-related problem affecting OAAs. We describe the case of a patient who presented acute pancreatitis, possibly induced by the concomitant use of imatinib and gefitinib.

Case report

A female patient received imatinib and gefitinib for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia and lung adenocarcinoma, respectively. Liver function and pancreatic enzyme values gradually worsened after initiation of imatinib, and the patient was diagnosed with acute pancreatitis.

Management and outcomes

Imatinib was discontinued owing to pancreatic toxicity. Gefitinib was subsequently discontinued owing to tumor progression. The patient received supportive measures for pancreatitis, although she eventually died 3 months after the onset of symptoms.

Discussion

To our knowledge, this is the first case in the medical literature of acute pancreatitis possibly induced by an interaction between imatinib and gefitinib. The interaction most likely arose because imatinib is a CYP2D6 inhibitor and could therefore impair the metabolism of gefitinib (a CYP2D6 substrate) and increase its serum concentration. This interaction is extremely rare. However, due to its severity, hepatic and pancreatic function should be carefully monitored in patients treated with imatinib and/or gefitinib and other inhibitors or inducers of CYP2D6 and CYP3A4.
Atypical response patterns in metastatic melanoma and renal cell carcinoma patients treated with nivolumab: A single center experience
Authors: Yilmaz Mesut
Published: August 2020

Introduction

The response patterns of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been recognized to differ from those seen in standard cytotoxic and targeted therapy. Pseudoprogression and hyperprogression are new clinical phenomena specific to the field of immuno-oncology. In this study, we aimed to assess the frequency of hyperprogression and pseudoprogression in metastatic RCC and melanoma patients treated in our institution with the programmed cell death protein–1 inhibitor nivolumab.

Methods

The medical records of all metastatic melanoma and renal cell carcinoma patients that were treated with nivolumab (n = 54) in Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital (Istanbul-Turkey), Medical Oncology Clinic between June 2017 and December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.

Results

Hyperprogression and pseudoprogression rates were 12% and 9%, respectively and that is consistent with published data.

Discussion

Pseudoprogression and hyperprogression are new radiologic response patterns with immunotherapy agents. It is critical to be aware of these two phenomena in order to make the right decisions for patients.
Reconsidering Homicide Clearance Research: The Utility of Multifaceted Data Collection Approaches
Authors: Hawk Shila René , Dabney Dean A. , Teasdale Brent
Published: August 2020

This study explores issues associated with the data commonly used in homicide clearance research. Data collected from 2009 to 2011 case files ( n = 252) were reviewed during interviews with investigators ( n = 29). The multifaceted data collection approach produced a more comprehensive dataset than was available based solely upon case file reviews, with alterations to the data occurring in as many as 69% of the cases. The process advanced the precision of the data recorded, reduced missingness, and heightened detail on key variables. Significant differences were noted in multivariate analyses of the datasets when modeling clearances. Findings suggest contextualizing case file data is valuable.
Effect of Regional Analgesia Techniques on Opioid Consumption and Length of Stay After Thoracic Surgery
Authors: Dunham Wills C. , Lombard Frederick W. , Edwards David A. , Shi Yaping , Shotwell Matthew S. , Siegrist Kara , Eagle Susan S. , Pretorius Mias , McEvoy Matthew D. , Gillaspie Erin A. , Nesbitt Jonathan C. , Wanderer Jonathan P. , Kertai Miklos D.
Published: August 2020

Background

We examined how intercostal nerve block (ICNB) with standard bupivacaine and ICNB with extended-release liposomal bupivacaine, compared with thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA), were associated with postoperative opioid pain medication consumption and hospital length of stay (LOS) after thoracic surgery.

Methods

We studied 1935 patients who underwent thoracic surgery between January 1, 2010, and November 30, 2017, at a tertiary academic center. Primary and secondary outcomes were postoperative opioid consumption expressed as morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) at 24, 48, and 72 hours after surgery, the LOS, and total MME consumption from surgery to discharge.

Results

Of these patients, 888 (45.9%) received TEA, 730 (37.7%) ICNB with standard bupivacaine, 127 (6.6%) ICNB with liposomal bupivacaine, and 190 (9.8%) no regional analgesia. Compared with epidural analgesia, in 2017, ICNB liposomal bupivacaine provided similar pain control in terms of MME consumption at 24 and 72 hours, but decreased MME consumption at 48 hours (odds ratio [OR] = 0.33; confidence interval [CI] = 0.14-0.81) and at discharge (OR = 0.28; CI = 0.12-0.68) and was associated with a higher likelihood for a shorter LOS (hazard ratio = 3.46; CI = 2.42-4.96). Compared with TEA, ICNB with standard bupivacaine and no regional analgesia use showed varying impact on MME consumption between 24 and 72 hours after surgery, and their use was not associated with a significantly reduced MME consumption at discharge but with a shorter hospital LOS.

Conclusions

Multimodal analgesia involving regional anesthetic alternatives to TEA could help manage postoperative pain in thoracic surgery patients.
Understanding Guests’ Intention to Visit Green Hotels
Authors: Eid Riyad , Agag Gomaa , Shehawy Yasser Moustafa
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study was to expand existing knowledge of hotel consumers’ green behaviors by merging value-belief-norm theory and the theory of planned behavior into one theoretical framework to understand comprehensively consumers’ decision-making processes with respect to their intentions to visit a green hotel. Data collected from 757 respondents were analyzed. The results indicate that our integrated framework demonstrates a favorable level of prediction power for guests’ behavior, which verified the superiority of the suggested framework. Furthermore, its findings from fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis indicate that: (a) attitude toward green hotels, perceived behavioral control, sense of obligation, and corporate image are key drivers of guests’ intentions to visit green hotels; (b) three distinct configurations of guests’ intention drivers are likely to result in a high degree of intentions among customers to visit green hotels. The three solutions all contain the conditions of high attitude, corporate image, biospheric value, and green activities, which means that these conditions are vital components of a high intention among customers to visit green hotels. This study contributes to the growing literature on sustainability in marketing and practice by providing useful insights about the determinants of guests’ behavior to use green hotels in the Egyptian hospitality context. It is one of the first empirical studies examining factors affecting guests’ behavior to use green hotels in the Egyptian hospitality context.
Four petal evisceration versus standard technique: A retrospective study
Authors: Ranno Stefano , Serafino Massimiliano , Nucci Paolo
Published: August 2020

Purpose:

To compare the four-petal evisceration technique and the standard evisceration technique.

Methods:

In this retrospective, comparative case series study, sixteen charts of patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were were reviewed. Orbital implant exposition and complication rates between the two surgical techniques were evaluated.

Results:

A total of 16 eye of 16 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis (eight in the four petal group and eight in the standard evisceration group). During postoperative follow-up there were no cases of implant exposure or migration in the four-petal group and two cases (25%) of implant exposure in the standard evisceration group. Exposed orbital implants dimension were both 16 mm and patients eviscerated for phtisis bulbi All surgeries were uneventful, and there were no serious complications during the study.

Conclusion:

Four petal evisceration technique seems particularly useful in patients with phtisis bulbi because it allowed the placement of an implant significantly larger than the standard technique with low rate of esposition.
An Approach for Creating Site-Specific Planting Palettes to Support Pollinators in the Sky Islands
Authors: Campbell Carianne
Published: August 2020

Restoration practitioners are challenged to continually modify and adapt their approaches to restoration by considering a greater diversity of restoration techniques and broader suites of plant species. Presented herein is a pollinator planting palette design approach that leverages botanical species richness to assist pollinator conservation efforts in the uniquely biodiverse Sky Island region.
Engagement in Tobacco Use Prompting During Childhood or Adolescence and Its Association with Tobacco Use in Adulthood among Colombian Women
Authors: Scarinci Isabel C , Garcés-Palacio Isabel C
Published: August 2020

Although most tobacco users initiate this behavior before the age of 18, little is known about engaging in tobacco use prompting behaviors (TPBs) during childhood/adolescence and tobacco use in adulthood, particularly among women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The purpose of this study was to examine engagement in TPBs during childhood or adolescence and tobacco use in adulthood among Colombian women and whether or not current/past tobacco users who were engaged in TPBs during their childhood or adolescence had more odds of engaging other children or adolescents in these behaviors as adults. There were 4262 adult women who were recruited and completed an interviewer-administered survey through a door-to-door approach across the 9 regions of Antioquia, Colombia using a multi-stage probabilistic sampling. TPBs were defined as someone being asked to: (1) empty an ashtray, (2) buy cigarettes, (3) put the cigarette in their mouth and light it, (4) light a cigarette without putting it in their mouth, or (5) smoke with the adult during childhood or adolescence. We conducted bivariate regression logistic models where variables with a P < .25 were included in a parsimonious model. Approximately 40% of participants (41%) reported engaging in TPBs in childhood or adolescence. Buying cigarettes, lighting cigarettes with their mouth, and smoking with an adult were significantly associated with tobacco use in adulthood. Current/past tobacco users who reported being engaged in TPBs during childhood or adolescence (except for smoking with an adult) had higher odds of prompting these behaviors as adults. TPBs during childhood or adolescence are relevant contributors to tobacco use in adulthood among Colombian women.
Regulation of COVID-19 fake news infodemic in China and India
Authors: Rodrigues Usha M , Xu Jian
Published: August 2020

During the recent outbreak of coronavirus, the concern about proliferation of misleading information, rumours and myths has caused governments across the world to institute various interventionist steps to stem their flow. Each government has had to balance the dichotomy between freedom of expression and people’s right to be safe from the adverse impact of inaccurate information. Governments across the world have implemented a number of strategies to manage COVID-19 including issuing public advisories, advertising campaigns, holding press conferences and instituting punitive regulations to combat the distribution of false and misleading information. We examine the two most populous countries’ governments’ response to the scourge of fake news during COVID-19. China and India are the most challenging nations to govern in terms of their sheer size and diversity of their population. Each country’s government has taken several steps to minimise the impact of fake news during COVID, within its own political system.
Community engagement in Australia’s COVID-19 communications response: learning lessons from the humanitarian sector
Authors: Maher Rachel , Murphet Blaise
Published: August 2020

This essay analyses the official communications response to COVID-19 in Australia in relation to its effectiveness in engaging communities to encourage the behaviour changes required to address the outbreak. In particular, it outlines three key considerations regarding the way in which the use of community engagement in the humanitarian sector during the Ebola outbreak in West Africa and the Democratic Republic of Congo can inform current and future information preparedness of Governments in Australia in response to health and social crises.
Signs, beaches and bodies in pandemic times
Authors: Clark Marianne
Published: August 2020

During the height of social distancing conditions in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia, the beaches of Sydney’s eastern suburbs became heavily regulated through prolific signage, physical barriers, and the presence of police and council staff. This essay explores the role of signage, as part of the outdoor media landscape, in contributing to the specific affective atmospheres in these extraordinary conditions and further demarcating Sydney’s beaches as exclusive spaces. Drawing on autoethnographic insights and visual imagery gathered during this time, I argue signs, as under explored forms of media, act as both mundane forms of governance and more-than-mundane contributors to the reconfiguration of affective and spatial relations.
The coronavirus crisis as tipping point: communicating the environment in a time of pandemic
Authors: Mocatta Gabi , Hawley Erin
Published: August 2020

This essay examines media and environment during the pandemic through the conceptual lens of environmental communication. We take the pulse of environmental communication under COVID-19, noting that while the quantity of media coverage on key environmental issues has fallen during the blanket coverage of the pandemic, COVID-19 has acted on multiple levels as a moment of discursive change in environmental communication. We contend that mediatised discourse on the environment during the pandemic has offered new insights, and an opportunity for a reset in environmental understandings, including a new consciousness of global connectedness in environmental responsibility, and an opportunity to improve publics’ environmental literacy. *** This essay is intended for the extraordinary issue, on Coronavirus, Crisis and Communication ***
Effect of tip size and experimental conditions on nano-scale friction testing
Authors: Sikder Arun Kumar
Published: August 2020

Assessment of nano-tribological properties (friction and wear) on polymer surface helps to understand their scratch, mar and wear properties. More polymers are used now for automotive, electronics, appliances, and building and constructions industries due to aesthetics and design freedom. Owing to their lower mechanical properties, polymers are vulnerable to surface damage and deteriorate their morphology, functionality, and aesthetics with time. In this study, nano-indenter was used for measuring friction and wear properties varying test parameters and indenter tips. A Berkovich tip (B-tip) with radius of ∼50 nm and a conical tip (C-tip) with 60° cone angle and tip radius of 1000 nm were used. Polyoxy methylene (POM) with additives were chosen for friction testing. Higher coefficient of friction (COF) for C-tip was observed compared to B-tip and this explained based on the higher tip-material interactional area for C-tip. COF was decreased with higher additive concentration and same trend was followed for wear depth for the B-tip. For C-tip, COF was increased with the testing loads and corresponding wear depth were higher for higher load. Change of COF with test velocity was not showing any specific trend. Shallow wear depth using B-tip compared to C-tip may be better for probing top surface of the materials. Nano-scale tribo-mechanical evaluation techniques are uniquely suited for fundamental understanding and screening many additives quickly. Observed wear properties not only depend on the additives added to the formulation, but may also be influenced by the geometry of the tip.
MS, pregnancy and COVID-19
Authors: Yam Charmaine , Jokubaitis Vilija , Hellwig Kerstin , Dobson Ruth
Published: August 2020

Concerns regarding infection with the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 leading to COVID-19 are particularly marked for pregnant women with autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). There is currently a relative paucity of information to guide advice given to and the clinical management of these individuals. Much of the limited available data around COVID-19 and pregnancy derives from the obstetric literature, and as such, neurologists may not be familiar with the general principles underlying current advice. In this article, we discuss the impact of potential infection on the pregnant woman, the impact on her baby, the impact of the current pandemic on antenatal care, and the interaction between COVID-19, MS and pregnancy. This review provides a framework for neurologists to use to guide the individualised advice given to both pregnant women with MS, and those women with MS who are considering pregnancy. This includes evidence derived from previous novel coronavirus infections, and emerging evidence from the current pandemic.
The things they carry: Victims’ documentation of forced disappearance in Colombia and Sri Lanka
Authors: Cronin-Furman Kate , Krystalli Roxani
Published: August 2020

Survivors of systematic violations of human rights abuses carry with them the evidence of their victimization: photographs of the missing, news clippings, copies of police reports. In some contexts, collecting and preserving these documents is part of an effort to claim benefits, such as official victim status or reparations, from the state. In others, it serves as a record of and rebuke to the state’s inaction. In this article, through a comparative case study of victim mobilization in Colombia and Sri Lanka, we explore how these dynamics play out in contexts with high and low (respectively) levels of state action on transitional justice. Drawing on in-depth fieldwork in both contexts, we examine grassroots documentation practices with an eye toward how they reflect the strategic adaptation of international transitional justice norms to specific contexts. We also examine how they organize relationships among individuals, the state, and notions of justice in times of transition from war and dictatorship. We argue that, beyond the strategic engagement with and/or rebuke of the state, these documents are also sites of ritual and memory for those who collect them.
Social inclusion in multi-ethnic physical education classes: Contextualized understandings of how social relations influence female students’ experiences of inclusion and exclusion
Authors: Thorjussen Ingfrid Mattingsdal
Published: August 2020

Within increasingly diverse societies, school is considered an important arena for social inclusion, as it ensures that all students can participate in social life within and outside the class. The Norwegian national curriculum emphasizes physical education (PE) as a particularly relevant subject for social inclusion, yet studies have revealed that some students experience discrimination and marginalization in PE because of their ethnicity, race, religion, social class, sexuality, and/or gender. This paper aims to examine how female students’ diverse backgrounds influence their positioning among classmates and to investigate how inclusion and exclusion in PE can be understood in light of social relations in multi-ethnic classes. The article is based on an intersectional perspective. The data consist of written fieldnotes and semi-structured interviews from ethnographic fieldwork in two coeducational, multi-ethnic PE classes at a public school in Oslo, Norway. Three female students’ narratives are discussed. The findings reveal that gender was the most significant factor in the girls’ stories of inclusion and exclusion in PE. With regard to ethnic relations, the narratives show that ethnicity intersected with gender, social class, religion, and race, creating hierarchical boundaries in the peer group. However, these boundaries were less prevalent in the girls’ PE experiences. The findings indicate that gender overshadows other differences in PE, making it difficult to see how exclusion is also clustered around other parts of students’ positionalities.
Active sport event participants’ behavioural intentions: Leveraging outcomes for future attendance and visitation
Authors: Newland Brianna L , Yoo Joanne Jung-Eun
Published: August 2020

A key concern for event organisers and community leaders is how events can be leveraged for repeat visitation to the destination and event. This study investigated how sport event and destination attributes influence behavioural intentions of active sport tourists and further discussed how this knowledge can be leveraged by the sport event and destination marketers to attain positive business outcomes, namely repeat event participation, repeat destination visitation, and positive word of mouth. A survey of 649 active sport event participants was conducted. The analysis revealed that event and destination attributes had both direct and indirect effects on behavioural intentions of active sport tourists. Implications for leveraging behaviour outcomes for future attendance and visitation are discussed.
Optimising telemedicine in ophthalmology during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Patel Shriji , Hamdan Saif , Donahue Sean
Published: August 2020

Ophthalmology, an outpatient surgical specialty, depends on regular in-person encounters to manage complex eye disease. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought about unprecedented challenges in how we take care of our patients. At Vanderbilt University Medical Center, we have gone to great lengths to implement expeditiously a telemedicine platform for safely and securely evaluating our patients during the pandemic. Since implementing live videoconference appointments in late March, 840 patients received ophthalmic care during a 12-week period among all subspecialties at the Vanderbilt Eye Institute. Of these, the majority (79.6%) were either return or postoperative visits. Live telehealth visits were more amenable to certain ophthalmic subspecialties, with paediatrics, neuro-ophthalmology and oculoplastics encounters making up 80.5% of all telemedicine visits. As demonstrated through this care model and our initial experience, live video telemedicine is a sustainable and safe care delivery approach to extend ophthalmic care delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic and even post pandemic.
From Streetscapes to Sofas: Representations of Place and Space in Britain’s Benefit Blackspots
Authors: Harrison Katherine , Raisborough Jayne , Taylor Lisa
Published: August 2020

Representations of place and space in Factual Welfare Television (FWT) are under-researched, contributing to neglect of spatial stigma in austerity culture. In this article, we combine agnotology – the study of manufactured ignorance – with visual grammar methods to examine Channel 5’s Britain’s Benefit Blackspots (2017) to address why FWT is spatially significant. We argue that televisual representations of the abject ‘welfare claimant’ in Britain have a spatial dimension, evident in repeated camera shots of derelict, deindustrialised, litter-strewn outside spaces and large sofas, overflowing ashtrays and dusty corners inside homes. We conclude that FWT’s representations serve two functions: first, they obscure the spatial inequalities inherent in austerity policies by reducing social problems to constructed social types and their places and ways of living and, second, they enable sets of socio-spatial assumptions that become unquestioned ways of reading and understanding disadvantaged and disadvantag ised spaces of residence.
Successes and failures in treatment of substance abuse: Treatment system perspectives and lessons from the European continent
Authors: Klingemann Harald
Published: August 2020

Objective:

The article offers an inventory of controversial basic issues related to treatment responses and their sociocultural political context, highlighting policy failures and successes, with a focus on Europe. As a reference point for this assessment, serves a conceptual framework of an “ideal type of treatment system”, which is built upon the following normative assumptions: the objective of harm minimisation or preventing substance-use-related consequences, evidence-based decision making, securing equity and accessibility also from a user perspective as well as efficiency in terms of the diversity and choice of treatment options.

Method:

Five major issues of addiction treatment systems, as identified and exemplified by an expert survey among 14 countries conducted in 2014, served as a reference for discussing fundamental gaps between an assumed ideal type of treatment system and the treatment response in practice: (1) Resistance to change, consensus building and innovation, (2) Political influence and target group bias beyond evidence, (3) Assumptions about rationality and universal evidence, (4) Myths of addiction and ethical deficits and (5) The treatment gap and user perspectives.

Results/conclusions:

Recommendations relevant for politicians, system planners, and clinicians are formulated for each of the five issues, specifically focusing on embeddedness of treatment systems in macro-societal conditions, the abstinence paradigm and outcome diversity, ethnocentric biases of the “evidence credo”, learning from self-change as the major road to recovery, and questioning implicit conceptions of the “addict as a human being”. Furthermore, it is concluded that theories regarding the diffusion of innovation and knowledge exchange can inform future research.
Small bowel entrapment following a pelvic fracture
Authors: Farooq Saklain , Ewington Ian , Pinkney Thomas D , Mullhi Randeep
Published: August 2020

Pelvic fractures are associated with a high mortality and morbidity. Injuries to the bladder and urethra are relatively common whereas bowel trauma is rare. We present a case of acetabular fracture associated with bowel herniation in a 33 year old female who was involved in a road traffic collision. The patient was in severe pain from her acetabular fracture which made diagnosis more difficult due to this distracting injury.
Israeli-Palestinian social work encounters
Authors: Blit-Cohen Edith
Published: August 2020

This study deals with the encounters of Arab social work students who are citizens of Israel, with Palestinian clients from East Jerusalem. The study was based on interviews with social work students who carried out their field work in East Jerusalem. This article discusses a special kind of transcultural practice in social work on the basis of a case study analysis of the dynamics and strategies reported by 15 Arab Israeli citizens students regarding their practice with Palestinian Arabs from East Jerusalem.

Findings

The findings indicate two themes: (1) The encounters aroused inner-personal conflicts regarding the students’ identity. (2) The students noted the importance of creating a dialogue with the clients as a way of coping with the difficulties entailed by their work.

Applications

This case study calls attention to the importance of embracing a transcultural perspective in practice theory. A transcultural perspective needs to go beyond the conceptualization of culture and ethnicity to include other relevant contextual variables such as structural factors, power relations, and an understanding of the political context. In addition, academic institutions need to develop culturally sensitive training programs while creating a safe space to discuss cultural challenges and while clarifying different identities faced by social work students from minority groups who share similar backgrounds with their clients.
Navigating helping relationships amidst heavy workloads: An institutional ethnography of social workers’ accounts
Authors: Sinai-Glazer Hagit , Krane Julia
Published: August 2020

One major effect of the demise of the welfare state on public social services is increased heavy workload which leads to stress, burnout, and compromised well-being among social workers. Less explored are the ways in which heavy workload shapes the helping relationship between social workers and clients. Extrapolating from the narratives of 14 Israeli social workers who participated in an institutional ethnographic study, this paper offers a nuanced understanding of the toll that heavy workload takes on the helping relationship.

Findings

Results showcase heavy workload as a ruling relation, an organizational reality outside the control of social workers and clients. The damaging effects of heavy workload on the helping relationship as well as on the social workers were apparent: social workers expected to slice themselves thin and deal with frustration and guilt in the face of an organizational reality that deters them from investing in their clients the time and energy required to cultivate helping relationships.

Application

The helping relationship has been paramount to social work throughout the history of the profession. This research contributes to this longstanding focus with a renewed understanding of the helping relationship in public social services as a political and public encounter between social workers and clients, one that is governed by extra-local relations of ruling. Heavy workload is one such ruling relation that organizes the helping relationship. As such, this organizational reality can be reorganized to eliminate, or at least reduce, the toll that heavy workload takes on the helping relationship.
(In)visibility and the Muslim other: Narratives of flight and religious identity among Iraqi Christians in Denmark
Authors: Sparre Sara Lei
Published: August 2020

This article investigates identity and belonging among Christians of Iraqi origin in Denmark through an analysis of their narratives of flight and interreligious relations, with a particular focus on the underlying dynamics of a widespread anti-Muslim discourse. Based on qualitative interviews and informal conversations with Chaldean and Assyrian Christians from Iraq, I examine how they presented themselves to me through their stories of flight from Iraq and settlement in Denmark. The analysis draws on perspectives on positionality and belonging among migrants as well as the ambiguous concept of (in)visibility, understood both as something structurally enforced and as how individuals and groups experience their (in)visibility and strive towards mobility and recognition. In addition, the analysis incorporates insights and discussions from literature on racialization and minority–majority relations, while particularly focusing on religious identity and Muslim–Christian relations. Against experiences of racialization and misrecognition as Muslims, I explore how they make sense of, articulate and act on their complex social location as invisible Christians and visible Middle Easterners in a Danish context characterized by ambiguous expectations of religiosity and national belonging. I draw attention to three different, yet simultaneous, narratives put forward by the Iraqi Christians: flight from political oppression, flight from Muslim persecution in the Middle East, and Islam as a threat against Europe. I argue that Iraqi Christians interpret and navigate the experience of being bodily invisible as Christians but visible as immigrants and Middle Eastern Muslims by rewriting narratives of their flight from Iraq to Denmark. Consequently, they also rewrite their relations to both the ‘Christian other’ in Denmark and the ‘Muslim other’ in Denmark and Iraq. The article contributes with a perspective on ‘invisible’ and/or misrecognized non-Muslim minorities in Europe and thus offers insights into the diversity within assumedly homogenous ethnic groups.
Thermal ionization of tetramethyltetrazene molecules on NaAuy surface
Authors: Knatko MV , Lapushkin MN
Published: August 2020

Adsorption of tetramethyltetrazene on NaAuy surface leads to formation of aromatic compounds constituting thermal ionization mass spectrum, in accordance with the ionization rules of nitrogen-containing molecules established earlier. The suggested mechanism of tetramethyltetrazene adsorption on NaAuy surface is characteristic of azide adsorption on metal surfaces.
Is Narcissism a Slow Life History Strategy Indicator?: The Answer Depends on the LHS Instrument
Authors: Manson Joseph H.
Published: August 2020

The dark triad (DT) traits are differentially related to psychometrically assessed life history strategy (LHS), such that psychopathy is strongly associated with a faster LHS, whereas narcissism appears to be, if anything, a slow LHS indicator. However, the research supporting these generalizations has been based largely on undergraduate samples in which LHS has been measured using the Arizona Life History Battery (ALHB; or its short version the Mini-K), an instrument that arguably lacks adequate coverage of low-extroversion content linked to a slower LHS. In this study, 929 U.S. MTurk workers completed a set of DT instruments, a 10-item Big Five Inventory, a 42-item version of the ALHB (K-SF-42), and the life history rating form (LHRF), which is less weighted toward high extroversion content than the ALHB. Factor analysis of the DT instruments yielded factors corresponding to callousness, secondary psychopathy, and socially adaptive narcissism (leadership/authority and grandiose exhibitionism). Callousness and secondary psychopathy were fast LHS indicators with respect to both LHS instruments. Socially adaptive narcissism appeared as a slow LHS indicator with respect to the K-SF-42 but as a fast LHS indicator with respect to the LHRF. Variation in extroversion accounted entirely for the K-SF-42’s positive association with socially adaptive narcissism. This study suggests that narcissism’s apparent status as a slow LHS indicator may be more a matter of measurement than of substance.
A holistic cyber-physical security protocol for authenticating the provenance and integrity of structural health monitoring imagery data
Authors: Jung HweeKwon , Green Andre , Morales John , Silva Moises , Martinez Bridget , Cattaneo Alessandro , Yang Yongchao , Park Gyuhae , McClean Jarrod , Mascareñas David
Published: August 2020

Modern infrastructure systems, such as bridges, dams, power generation stations, and buildings increasingly have an intrinsic cyber-physical nature to them. Infrastructure now commonly, includes actuators, network connections, sensors, control systems, and computational resources. It is of increasing concern that modern infrastructure is vulnerable to cyber-attacks that can damage both the cyber and physical nature of the infrastructure. To date, the physical and cyber health of infrastructure has been considered separately. However, the increasing concerns associated with the cyber-physical security of infrastructure coupled with the emergence of 5G networks made using components that are not universally considered trustworthy, and the emergence of techniques for creating deepfakes and adversarial examples suggests the time has come to begin considering cyber health and structural health with a more holistic approach. In this work, a protocol is developed for ensuring the imagery data captured by a structural health monitoring system can be unambiguously attributed to legitimate sensors associated with the structural health monitoring system. A computer vision approach based on the idea of mutual information is then presented to detect damage in an image. This work presents the protocol for authenticating the provenance of imager data and demonstrates that this protocol does not have overly adverse effects when used with the mutual information-based technique for detecting damage in the resulting imagery data.
Selective actuation and sensing of antisymmetric ultrasonic waves using shear-deforming piezoelectric transducers
Authors: Carrison Parry , Altammar Hussain , Salowitz Nathan
Published: August 2020

Structural health monitoring of thin plate and beam structures using ultrasonic guided wave techniques has been widely studied and demonstrated advanced capabilities dependent on detailed analysis of specific guided wave modes. A common setup employs the d31 electromechanical coupling of piezoelectric wafer active sensors mounted on the surface of a beam or plate. Analysis of output signals from these basic systems is complicated because they represent multiple superposed ultrasonic wave modes that propagate at different velocities, are dispersive, and undergo reflection, refraction, and mode conversion. Multiple techniques have been pursued to overcome this complication. This article presents recent research into the use of shear-deforming lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric transducers, employing the d15 electromechanical coupling property, embedded within beam-like structures to selectively actuate and sense specific ultrasonic wave modes. The internally located transducers actuated and sensed transverse shear, coupled to bending and antisymmetric waves. A combination of results from finite element simulations and experiments found that d15 transducers located at the neutral axis of a beam exclusively coupled to antisymmetric wave modes and did neither directly actuate nor sense symmetric wave modes. Further study was performed to evaluate the effects of off-neutral-axis location on the mode selectivity and found that off axis location of the d15 transducer did not diminish the coupling to antisymmetric wave modes, but introduced coupling to symmetric wave modes. Additional study was performed to assess the ability of structural health monitoring systems employing shear-deforming d15 lead zirconate titanates located at the neutral axis to detect common forms of damage in laminate structures. The combination of selective actuation and selective sensing provides a powerful tool for signal analysis in ultrasonic structural health monitoring of thin plates and beams.
Selective generation of ultrasonic guided waves for damage detection in rectangular bars
Authors: Serey Valentin , Quaegebeur Nicolas , Renier Mathieu , Micheau Philippe , Masson Patrice , Castaings Michel
Published: August 2020

Ultrasonic guided waves are used in non-destructive testing and structural health monitoring solutions for long-range inspection, in applications ranging from Civil Engineering to Aerospace. In order to ease the inspection process, it is generally preferable to generate a carefully selected single mode. Although single mode Lamb wave generation is not difficult to achieve in infinite plate-like structures, with carefully polarized or sized piezoceramic elements, for example, such selective generation is much more difficult in a rectangular bar. In this article, we consider the propagation along a thin plate of finite rectangular cross section, which corresponds to a rectangular bar. The finite lateral width leads to a greater density of modes compared to an infinite plate. The authors have previously addressed this matter and developed a methodology for the selective generation of modes in the harmonic regime. This article extends this methodology to selective mode generation for finite time excitation, such as bursts. Results are presented for single mode generation of A0,0 and A0,1 in an aluminum bar instrumented with eight piezoelectric transducers. The waveguide modal basis is calculated with the two-dimensional semi-analytical finite element method, and measurements are conducted using a three-dimensional laser-Doppler vibrometer. To illustrate the potential of the method for structural health monitoring purposes, the detection of a defect simulated by a pair of magnets placed at various positions over the bar width is demonstrated.