bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation outcomes of the integrated district evidence to action (IDEAs) program to reduce neonatal mortality in central Mozambique: an application of the RE-AIM evaluation framework
Authors: Dinis Aneth , Fernandes Quinhas , Wagenaar Bradley H , Gimbel Sarah , Weiner Bryan J , John-Stewart Grace , Birru Ermyas , Gloyd Stephen , Etzioni Ruth , Uetela Dorlim , Ramiro Isaías , Gremu Artur , Augusto Orvalho , Tembe Stélio , Mário Jaime L , Chinai Jalilo E , Covele Alfredo F , Sáide Cassimo M , Manaca Nélia , Sherr Kenneth
Published: February 2024

Background

Scarce evidence exists on audit and feedback implementation processes in low-resource health systems. The Integrated District Evidence to Action (IDEAs) is a multi-component audit and feedback strategy designed to improve the implementation of maternal and child guidelines in Mozambique. We report IDEAs implementation outcomes.

Methods

IDEAs was implemented in 154 health facilities across 12 districts in Manica and Sofala provinces between 2016 and 2020 and evaluated using a quasi-experimental design guided by the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. Reach is the proportion of pregnant women attending IDEAs facilities. Adoption is the proportion of facilities initiating audit and feedback meetings. Implementation is the fidelity to the strategy components, including readiness assessments, meetings (frequency, participation, action plan development), and targeted financial support and supervision. Maintenance is the sustainment at 12, 24, and 54 months.

Results

Across both provinces, 56% of facilities were exposed to IDEAs (target 57%). Sixty-nine and 73% of pregnant women attended those facilities’ first and fourth antenatal consultations (target 70%). All facilities adopted the intervention. 99% of the expected meetings occurred with an average interval of 5.9 out of 6 months. Participation of maternal and child managers was high, with 3076 attending meetings, of which 64% were from the facility, 29% from the district, and 7% from the province level. 97% of expected action plans were created, and 41 specific problems were identified. “Weak diagnosis or management of obstetric complications” was identified as the main problem, and “actions to reinforce norms and protocols” was the dominant subcategory of micro-interventions selected. Fidelity to semiannual readiness assessments was low (52% of expected facilities), and in completing micro-interventions (17% were completed). Ninety-six and 95% of facilities sustained the intervention at 12 and 24 months, respectively, and 71% had completed nine cycles at 54 months.

Conclusion

Maternal and child managers can lead audit and feedback processes in primary health care in Mozambique with high reach, adoption, and maintenance. The IDEAs strategy should be adapted to promote higher fidelity around implementing action plans and conducting readiness assessments. Adding effectiveness to these findings will help to inform strategy scale-up.
Donor template delivery by recombinant adeno-associated virus for the production of knock-in mice
Authors: Duddy Graham , Courtis Katherine , Horwood Juliette , Olsen Jessica , Horsler Helen , Hodgson Tina , Varsani-Brown Sunita , Abdullah Abdullah , Denti Laura , Lane Hollie , Delaqua Fabio , Janzen Julia , Strom Molly , Rosewell Ian , Crawley Katharine , Davies Benjamin
Published: February 2024

Background

The ability of recombinant adeno-associated virus to transduce preimplantation mouse embryos has led to the use of this delivery method for the production of genetically altered knock-in mice via CRISPR-Cas9. The potential exists for this method to simplify the production and extend the types of alleles that can be generated directly in the zygote, obviating the need for manipulations of the mouse genome via the embryonic stem cell route.

Results

We present the production data from a total of 13 genetically altered knock-in mouse models generated using CRISPR-Cas9 electroporation of zygotes and delivery of donor repair templates via transduction with recombinant adeno-associated virus. We explore the efficiency of gene targeting at a total of 12 independent genetic loci and explore the effects of allele complexity and introduce strategies for efficient identification of founder animals. In addition, we investigate the reliability of germline transmission of the engineered allele from founder mice generated using this methodology. By comparing our production data against genetically altered knock-in mice generated via gene targeting in embryonic stem cells and their microinjection into blastocysts, we assess the animal cost of the two methods.

Conclusions

Our results confirm that recombinant adeno-associated virus transduction of zygotes provides a robust and effective delivery route for donor templates for the production of knock-in mice, across a range of insertion sizes (0.9–4.7 kb). We find that the animal cost of this method is considerably less than generating knock-in models via embryonic stem cells and thus constitutes a considerable 3Rs reduction.
40 years of adding more fructose to high fructose corn syrup than is safe, through the lens of malabsorption and altered gut health–gateways to chronic disease
Authors: DeChristopher Luanne Robalo
Published: February 2024

Labels do not disclose the excess-free-fructose/unpaired-fructose content in foods/beverages. Objective was to estimate excess-free-fructose intake using USDA loss-adjusted-food-availability (LAFA) data (1970–2019) for high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) and apple juice, major sources of excess-free-fructose, for comparison with malabsorption dosages (~ 5 g-children/ ~ 10 g-adults). Unlike sucrose and equimolar fructose/glucose, unpaired-fructose triggers fructose malabsorption and its health consequences. Daily intakes were calculated for HFCS that is generally-recognized-as-safe/ (55% fructose/45% glucose), and variants (65/35, 60/40) with higher fructose-to-glucose ratios (1.9:1, 1.5:1), as measured by independent laboratories. Estimations include consumer-level-loss (CLL) allowances used before (20%), and after, subjective, retroactively-applied increases (34%), as recommended by corn-refiners (~ 2012). No contributions from crystalline-fructose or agave syrup were included due to lack of LAFA data. High-excess-free-fructose-fruits (apples/pears/watermelons/mangoes) were not included. Eaten in moderation they are less likely to trigger malabsorption. Another objective was to identify potential parallel trends between excess-free-fructose intake and the “unexplained” US asthma epidemic. The fructose/gut-dysbiosis/lung axis is well documented, case-study evidence and epidemiological research link HFCS/apple juice intake with asthma, and unlike gut-dysbiosis/gut-fructosylation, childhood asthma prevalence data spans > 40 years.

Results

Excess-free-fructose daily intake for individuals consuming HFCS with an average 1.5:1 fructose-to-glucose ratio, ranged from 0.10 g/d in 1970, to 11.3 g/d in 1999, to 6.5 g/d in 2019, and for those consuming HFCS with an average 1.9:1 ratio, intakes ranged from 0.13 g/d to 16.9 g/d (1999), to 9.7 g/d in 2019, based upon estimates with a 20% CLL allowance. Intake exceeded dosages that trigger malabsorption (~ 5 g) around ~ 1980. By the early 1980’s, tripled apple juice intake had added ~ 0.5 g to average-per-capita excess-free-fructose intake. Contributions were higher (~ 3.8 g /4-oz.) for individuals consuming apple juice consistent with a healthy eating pattern (4-oz. children, 8-oz. adults). The “unexplained” childhood asthma epidemic (1980-present) parallels increasing average-per-capita HFCS/apple juice intake trends and reflects epidemiological research findings.

Conclusion

Displacement of sucrose with HFCS, its ubiquitous presence in the US food-supply, the industry practice of adding more fructose to HFCS than generally-recognized-as-safe, and increased use of apple juice/crystalline fructose/agave syrup in foods/beverages has contributed to unprecedented excess-free-fructose intake levels, fructose malabsorption, gut-dysbiosis and gut-fructosylation (immunogen burden)-gateways to chronic disease.
The impact of chelation compliance in health outcome and health related quality of life in thalassaemia patients: a systematic review
Authors: Lee Wan Jin , Mohd Tahir Nurul Ain , Chun Geok Ying , Li Shu Chuen
Published: February 2024

Understanding consequences of poor chelation compliance is crucial given the enormous burden of post-transfusional iron overload complications. We systematically reviewed iron-chelation therapy (ICT) compliance, and the relationship between compliance with health outcome and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in thalassaemia patients. Several reviewers performed systematic search strategy of literature through PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCOhost. The preferred reporting items of systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Of 4917 studies, 20 publications were included. The ICT compliance rate ranges from 20.93 to 75.3%. It also varied per agent, ranging from 48.84 to 85.1% for desferioxamine, 87.2–92.2% for deferiprone and 90–100% for deferasirox. Majority of studies (N = 10/11, 90.91%) demonstrated significantly negative correlation between compliance and serum ferritin, while numerous studies revealed poor ICT compliance linked with increased risk of liver disease (N = 4/7, 57.14%) and cardiac disease (N = 6/8, 75%), endocrinologic morbidity (N = 4/5, 90%), and lower HRQoL (N = 4/6, 66.67%). Inadequate compliance to ICT therapy is common. Higher compliance is correlated with lower serum ferritin, lower risk of complications, and higher HRQoL. These findings should be interpreted with caution given the few numbers of evidence.
Deconcentrating regulation in low- and middle-income country health systems: a proposed ambidextrous solution to problems with professional regulation for doctors and nurses in Kenya and Uganda
Authors: McGivern Gerry , Wafula Francis , Seruwagi Gloria , Kiefer Tina , Musiega Anita , Nakidde Catherine , Ogira Dosila , Gill Mike , English Mike
Published: February 2024

Background

Regulation can improve professional practice and patient care, but is often weakly implemented and enforced in health systems in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Taking a de-centred and frontline perspective, we examine national regulatory actors’ and health professionals’ views and experiences of health professional regulation in Kenya and Uganda and discuss how it might be improved in LMICs more generally.

Methods

We conducted large-scale research on professional regulation for doctors and nurses (including midwives) in Uganda and Kenya during 2019–2021. We interviewed 29 national regulatory stakeholders and 47 subnational regulatory actors, doctors, and nurses. We then ran a national survey of Kenyan and Ugandan doctors and nurses, which received 3466 responses. We thematically analysed qualitative data, conducted an exploratory factor analysis of survey data, and validated findings in four focus group discussions.

Results

Kenyan and Ugandan regulators were generally perceived as resource-constrained, remote, and out of touch with health professionals. This resulted in weak regulation that did little to prevent malpractice and inadequate professional education and training. However, interviewees were positive about online licencing and regulation where they had relationships with accessible regulators. Building on these positive findings, we propose an ambidextrous approach to improving regulation in LMIC health systems, which we term deconcentrating regulation. This involves developing online licencing and streamlining regulatory administration to make efficiency savings, freeing regulatory resources. These resources should then be used to develop connected subnational regulatory offices, enhance relations between regulators and health professionals, and address problems at local level.

Conclusion

Professional regulation for doctors and nurses in Kenya and Uganda is generally perceived as weak. Yet these professionals are more positive about online licencing and regulation where they have relationships with regulators. Building on these positive findings, we propose deconcentrating regulation as a solution to regulatory problems in LMICs. However, we note resource, cultural and political barriers to its effective implementation.
NLRP3 exacerbates EAE severity through ROS-dependent NET formation in the mouse brain
Authors: Byun Da Jeong , Lee Jaeho , Ko Kyungryung , Hyun Young-Min
Published: February 2024

Background

Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) has been implicated in the pathology of multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, the specific contributions of NLRP3, a NET-associated molecule, to EAE pathogenesis and its regulatory role in NET formation remain unknown.

Methods

To investigate the detrimental effect of NETs supported by NLRP3 in MS pathogenesis, we induced EAE in WT and NLRP3 KO mice and monitored the disease severity. At the peak of the disease, NET formation was assessed by flow cytometry, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence staining. To further identify the propensity of infiltrated neutrophils, NET-related chemokine receptors, degranulation, ROS production, and PAD4 expression levels were evaluated by flow cytometry. In some experiments, mice were injected with DNase-1 to eliminate the formed NETs.

Results

Our data revealed that neutrophils significantly infiltrate the brain and spinal cord and form NETs during EAE pathogenesis. NLRP3 significantly elevates NET formation, primarily in the brain. NLRP3 also modulated the phenotypes of brain-infiltrated and circulating neutrophils, augmenting CXCR2 and CXCR4 expression, thereby potentially enhancing NET formation. NLRP3 facilitates NET formation in a ROS-dependent and PAD4-independent manner in brain-infiltrated neutrophils. Finally, NLRP3-supported NET formation exacerbates disease severity, triggering Th1 and Th17 cells recruitment.

Conclusions

Collectively, our findings suggest that NLRP3-supported NETs may be an etiological factor in EAE pathogenesis, primarily in the brain. This study provides evidence that targeting NLRP3 could be a potential therapeutic strategy for MS, specifically by attenuating NET formation.
Prediction of complete regression in fertility-sparing patients with endometrial cancer and apical hyperplasia: the GLOBAL model in a large Chinese cohort
Authors: Li Xingchen , Wang Yiqin , Wang Jiaqi , Fan Yuan , Wang Jianliu
Published: February 2024

Background

Fertility preservation treatment is increasingly essential for patients with apical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) and early endometrial cancer (EEC) worldwide. Complete regression (CR) is the main endpoint of this treatment. Accurately predicting CR and implementing appropriate interventions during treatment are crucial for these patients.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study involving 193 patients diagnosed with atypical AEH or EEC, enrolled from January 2012 to March 2022 at our center. We evaluated 24 clinical parameters as candidate predictors and employed LASSO regression to develop a prediction model for CR. Subsequently, a nomogram was constructed to predict CR after the treatment. We evaluated the performance of the nomogram using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve and decision curve analysis (DCA) to assess its predictive accuracy. Additionally, we employed cumulative curves to determine the CR rate among patients.

Results

Out of the 193 patients, 173 achieved CR after undergoing fertility preservation treatment. We categorized features with similar properties and provided a list of formulas based on their coefficients. The final model, named GLOBAL (including basic information, characteristics, blood pressure, glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, immunohistochemistry, histological type, and medication), comprised eight variables identified using LASSO regression. A nomogram incorporating these eight risk factors was developed to predict CR. The GLOBAL model exhibited an AUC of 0.907 (95% CI 0.828–0.969). Calibration plots demonstrated a favorable agreement between the predicted probability by the GLOBAL model and actual observations in the cohort. The cumulative curve analysis revealed varying cumulative CR rates among patients in the eight subgroups. Categorized analysis demonstrated significant diversity in the effects of the GLOBAL model on CR among patients with different total points (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

We have developed and validated a model that significantly enhances the predictive accuracy of CR in AEH and EEC patients seeking fertility preservation treatment.
DNMT3L inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma progression through DNA methylation of CDO1: insights from big data to basic research
Authors: Yan Xiaokai , Qi Yao , Yao Xinyue , Zhou Nanjing , Ye Xinxin , Chen Xing
Published: February 2024

Background

DNMT3L is a crucial DNA methylation regulatory factor, yet its function and mechanism in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain poorly understood. Bioinformatics-based big data analysis has increasingly gained significance in cancer research. Therefore, this study aims to elucidate the role of DNMT3L in HCC by integrating big data analysis with experimental validation.

Methods

Dozens of HCC datasets were collected to analyze the expression of DNMT3L and its relationship with prognostic indicators, and were used for molecular regulatory relationship evaluation. The effects of DNMT3L on the malignant phenotypes of hepatoma cells were confirmed in vitro and in vivo. The regulatory mechanisms of DNMT3L were explored through MSP, western blot, and dual-luciferase assays.

Results

DNMT3L was found to be downregulated in HCC tissues and associated with better prognosis. Overexpression of DNMT3L inhibits cell proliferation and metastasis. Additionally, CDO1 was identified as a target gene of DNMT3L and also exhibits anti-cancer effects. DNMT3L upregulates CDO1 expression by competitively inhibiting DNMT3A-mediated methylation of CDO1 promoter.

Conclusions

Our study revealed the role and epi-transcriptomic regulatory mechanism of DNMT3L in HCC, and underscored the essential role and applicability of big data analysis in elucidating complex biological processes.
Histopathology reveals concealed aortic valve inflammation
Authors: Laaksonen Mona , Kholova Ivana , Paavonen Timo , Mennander Ari
Published: February 2024

Background

The extent of aortic valve inflammation in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR) is unsettled. The significance of aortic valve histopathology in patients undergoing AVR is undetermined.

Methods

A total of 145 resected aortic valves of consecutive patients undergoing surgery for a local aortic valve disease with or without ascending aorta were investigated for histopathology. The extent of inflammation and degeneration were investigated. Unadjusted survival was evaluated by Kaplan–Meier analysis. Median follow-up was 2.7 years (interquartile range 1.5–3.9).

Results

Mean patient age was 69 (SD 11) years. Though endocarditis was apparent in only six patients preoperatively, severe aortic valve inflammation was diagnosed histologically in 32 patients of whom 12 patients had acute, subacute or chronic endocarditis. Despite complete aortic valve resection, survival was decreased in patients with severe aortic valve inflammation as opposed to those without (log rank, P = 0.044), even after exclusion of patients with endocarditis, emergency and aortic surgery.

Conclusions

Aortic valve tissue analysis reveals severe inflammation that may require postoperative treatment. The association of severe but local aortic valve inflammation with patient outcome after aortic valve surgery merits further investigation.
Polymorphisms in transcription factor binding sites and enhancer regions and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma risk
Authors: Ünal Pelin , Lu Ye , Bueno-de-Mesquita Bas , van Eijck Casper H. J. , Talar-Wojnarowska Renata , Szentesi Andrea , Gazouli Maria , Kreivenaite Edita , Tavano Francesca , Małecka-Wojciesko Ewa , Erőss Bálint , Oliverius Martin , Bunduc Stefania , Nóbrega Aoki Mateus , Vodickova Ludmila , Boggi Ugo , Giaccherini Matteo , Kondrackiene Jurate , Chammas Roger , Palmieri Orazio , Theodoropoulos George E. , Bijlsma Maarten F. , Basso Daniela , Mohelnikova-Duchonova Beatrice , Soucek Pavel , Izbicki Jakob R. , Kiudelis Vytautas , Vanella Giuseppe , Arcidiacono Paolo Giorgio , Włodarczyk Barbara , Hackert Thilo , Schöttker Ben , Uzunoglu Faik G. , Bambi Franco , Goetz Mara , Hlavac Viktor , Brenner Hermann , Perri Francesco , Carrara Silvia , Landi Stefano , Hegyi Péter , Dijk Frederike , Maiello Evaristo , Capretti Giovanni , Testoni Sabrina Gloria Giulia , Petrone Maria Chiara , Stocker Hannah , Ermini Stefano , Archibugi Livia , Gentiluomo Manuel , Cavestro Giulia Martina , Pezzilli Raffaele , Di Franco Gregorio , Milanetto Anna Caterina , Sperti Cosimo , Neoptolemos John P. , Morelli Luca , Vokacova Klara , Pasquali Claudio , Lawlor Rita T. , Bazzocchi Francesca , Kupcinskas Juozas , Capurso Gabriele , Campa Daniele , Canzian Federico
Published: February 2024

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are a powerful tool for detecting variants associated with complex traits and can help risk stratification and prevention strategies against pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the strict significance threshold commonly used makes it likely that many true risk loci are missed. Functional annotation of GWAS polymorphisms is a proven strategy to identify additional risk loci. We aimed to investigate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in regulatory regions [transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) and enhancers] that could change the expression profile of multiple genes they act upon and thereby modify PDAC risk. We analyzed a total of 12,636 PDAC cases and 43,443 controls from PanScan/PanC4 and the East Asian GWAS (discovery populations), and the PANDoRA consortium (replication population). We identified four associations that reached study-wide statistical significance in the overall meta-analysis: rs2472632(A) (enhancer variant, OR 1.10, 95%CI 1.06,1.13, p = 5.5 × 10−8), rs17358295(G) (enhancer variant, OR 1.16, 95%CI 1.10,1.22, p = 6.1 × 10−7), rs2232079(T) (TFBS variant, OR 0.88, 95%CI 0.83,0.93, p = 6.4 × 10−6) and rs10025845(A) (TFBS variant, OR 1.88, 95%CI 1.50,1.12, p = 1.32 × 10−5). The SNP with the most significant association, rs2472632, is located in an enhancer predicted to target the coiled-coil domain containing 34 oncogene. Our results provide new insights into genetic risk factors for PDAC by a focused analysis of polymorphisms in regulatory regions and demonstrating the usefulness of functional prioritization to identify loci associated with PDAC risk.
MiRNAs as potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers for non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Gareev Ilgiz , Beylerli Ozal , Zhao Boxian
Published: February 2024

Non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most common type of hemorrhagic stroke, most often occurring between the ages of 45 and 60. Hypertension is most often the cause of ICH. Less often, atherosclerosis, blood diseases, inflammatory changes in cerebral vessels, intoxication, vitamin deficiencies, and other reasons cause hemorrhages. Cerebral hemorrhage can occur by diapedesis or as a result of a ruptured vessel. This very dangerous disease is difficult to treat, requires surgery and can lead to disability or death. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs (about 18-22 nucleotides) that are involved in a variety of biological processes including cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, etc., through gene repression. A growing number of studies have demonstrated miRNAs deregulation in various cardiovascular diseases, including ICH. In addition, given that computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are either not available or do not show clear signs of possible vessel rupture, accurate and reliable analysis of circulating miRNAs in biological fluids can help in early diagnosis for prevention of ICH and prognosis patient outcome after hemorrhage. In this review, we highlight the up-to-date findings on the deregulated miRNAs in ICH, and the potential use of miRNAs in clinical settings, such as therapeutic targets and non-invasive diagnostic/prognostic biomarker tools.
Association between social relationship of mentors and depressive symptoms in first-time mothers during the transition from pregnancy to 6-months postpartum
Authors: Gasperowicz Malgorzata , Benzies Karen M.
Published: February 2024

Background

First-time motherhood is characterized by high psychosocial distress, which untreated, has serious consequences. Informal social support provided by specially trained mentors may be protective against postpartum depressive symptoms but may vary by women’s social relationship with the mentor. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of types of mentors on women’s depressive symptoms between late pregnancy to 6-months postpartum and the characteristics of women associated with mentor type.

Methods

This study was a secondary analysis of data from a community sample of 312 primiparous women from a single-group, longitudinal intervention study of Welcome to Parenthood. Welcome to Parenthood provided education and mentorship for women during the transition from pregnancy to postpartum. Women completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) in late pregnancy, and 2- and 6-months postpartum.

Results

Women who recently relocated were less likely to be mentored by their mothers and more likely to be mentored by friends or volunteers. Women who were mentored by their mothers or sisters scored the lowest on the EPDS; those mentored by their mothers-in-law scored the highest. Women who were mentored by other family, friends, or volunteers scored between the two extremes. EPDS scores of women mentored by each type of mentor decreased from pregnancy to 6-months postpartum; only for mother-, sister-, and volunteer-mentored groups was this decrease significant.

Conclusions

During transition to parenthood, support provided by mothers or sisters is best for women’s mental health but may not always be available to women who have recently relocated. In such situations, specially trained community volunteers may be the second-best option.
Surgery for long tubular intestinal duplication with massive hemorrhage: a case report and literature review
Authors: Toyama Chiyoshi , Mizushima Hiroto , Kinjo Kenichi , Masunaga Yohei , Fujisawa Yasuko , Miyairi Isao , Tanahashi Yukichi , Osawa Satoshi , Sawai Toshio
Published: February 2024

Background

Long tubular duplication is a rare congenital intestinal disease, that can lead to emergency situations marked by massive hemorrhage. However, preoperative diagnosis and surgical treatment are challenging. This report presents preoperative images and details a surgical procedure for long tubular intestinal duplications with massive hemorrhage.

Case presentation

A 3-year-old boy presented to the emergency department with melena. Despite undergoing a Tc-99m pertechnetate scintigraphy one year prior, which revealed nonspecific findings with enhancement of some parts of the intestine, enhanced abdominal CT revealed an edematous small intestine with luminal extravasation. The patient received a transfusion of red blood cells; however, his hemoglobin level did not improve. Arterial angiography and double-balloon endoscopy revealed no remarkable findings. Exploratory laparotomy revealed a long tubular duplication in half of the small intestine. Utilizing the Wrenn procedure, we successfully removed all duplicate mucosa. Pathological findings showed that almost all duplications contained gastric mucosa and revealed an ulcer with a ruptured arterial vessel. His symptoms were resolved, and the hemoglobin level stabilized. At 2 months postoperatively, no surgical complications were present.

Conclusions

Effective management of long tubular duplications with massive hemorrhage involves timely application of the Wrenn procedure. Recognition of specific imaging findings is crucial to prompt exploratory laparotomy, ensuring optimal outcomes and preventing delays in treatment.
Genetic determinants of food preferences: a systematic review of observational studies
Authors: Hejazi Jalal , Amiri Roksaneh , Nozarian Shadi , Tavasolian Ronia , Rahimlou Mehran
Published: February 2024

Background

Over the last decade, the results of several studies have indicated that adults' food preferences, consumption, and dietary choices vary depending on their genotype characteristics. However, the results of studies related to genes and polymorphisms involved in this phenomenon are contradictory. This study is a systematic review designed to evaluate the genetic determinants of food preferences.

Methods

This study was conducted following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Searches were conducted to identify articles testing the impact of genotypes on food choices, preferences, and intake in healthy adults. The search included all relevant keywords, and studies published between 1/1/1994 and October 2022 were considered. We assessed the quality of included studies and evaluated the risk of bias using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) for observational studies.

Results

A total of 8,510 records were identified through our search method, and finally, 50 studies were included in this study. The majority of the studies evaluated the association of genetic variants with preferences for macronutrients, sweet, bitter, and fatty foods. The results of our study suggest a significant correlation between TAS2R38 variants (rs713598, rs1726866, rs10246939) and bitter and sweet taste preferences. Additionally, we found a considerable association between the T102C polymorphism of the 5-HT2A receptor gene and a higher intake of protein, and rs1761667 (CD36) was associated with fat preference.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study revealed a significant association between certain genetic variants and food preferences among adults.
Participation in Undergraduate Research Reduces Equity Gaps in STEM Graduation Rates
Authors: Haeger Heather , Bueno Elia Hilda , Sedlacek Quentin
Published: February 2024

Results from this multi-institution study suggests that the higher rates of academic success for undergraduate researchers can be generalized beyond a single program or institution. As we seek ways to close education gaps and increase graduation rates, undergraduate research can be a meaningful practice to improve student success.
Developing Student Expertise in Evolution: Cognitive Construals Complement Key Concepts in Student Representations
Authors: Sripathi Kamali , Hoskinson Aidan
Published: February 2024

Cognitive construals enrich the developing picture of student expertise in evolution.
Point-of-Care Gastric Ultrasound to Identify a Full Stomach on a Diabetic Patient Taking a Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist
Authors: Girón-Arango Laura , Perlas Anahi
Published: February 2024

Recently, there has been increased interest in the relationship between glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, delayed gastric emptying, and subsequent risk of aspiration in the perioperative setting. This case illustrates how gastric ultrasound can be incorporated at the bedside to assess the risk of aspiration in patients taking this type of medication for diabetes or weight loss and guide clinical management and anesthetic technique to reduce the risk of aspiration.
Intraorbital Arteriovenous Fistulas: Case Series and Systematic Review
Authors: Su Xin , Song Zihao , Chen Yiguang , Ye Ming , Zhang Hongqi , Ma Yongjie , Zhang Peng
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Intraorbital arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are an extremely rare subtype of intracranial fistula with ophthalmic symptoms similar to cavernous sinus dural AVFs or carotid cavernous fistulas but worse visual outcomes. Here, we present a case series and thorough systematic review on intraorbital AVFs to demonstrate treatment modalities and address this rare type of AVF.

METHODS:

We conducted a retrospective study at a single center, in which we identified all cases of intraorbital AVFs that occurred between 2002 and 2022. We collected and analyzed data on demographics, fistula characteristics, treatment methods, clinical outcomes, and fistula closure. In addition, we conducted a systematic review of intraorbital AVFs.

RESULTS:

Seven cases in our center and 41 cases of intraorbital AVFs reported in the 35 articles were identified. At our center, transarterial embolization (TAE) (42.9%) alone resulted in immediate complete occlusion in 3 cases. Transvenous embolization (14.3%) resulted in one case of immediate complete occlusion. In 2 cases, surgery (28.6%) resulted in immediate complete occlusion. In one case, conservative treatment (14.3%) was used, and the fistula was eventually spontaneously occluded. Immediate complete occlusion rate was 85.7%. One blindness occurred (14.3%). In the literature reported, 3 cases (60%) of retinal artery occlusion were reported when performing TAE via the ophthalmic artery. Two fistulas recurred as reported. In 33 (80.5%) patients, the fistula was finally completely occluded.

CONCLUSION:

TAE via the ophthalmic artery carries a high risk of blindness and a low cure rate. Transvenous techniques such as conventional transvenous routes, surgical exposure, or direct puncture of the drainage vein have been used as the first line of treatment for intraorbital AVFs.
Przestrzenie kultury
Authors: Korporowicz Leszek , Jaskuła Sylwia
Published: February 2024

This article concerns one of the most important problems, both theoretical and practical, of contemporary media civilisation: the question about the nature of its specific cultural spaces. Due to the combination of real and virtual reality, the phenomena of their hybridisation arising as a result of their interaction pose the social sciences and humanities with the task of developing a relatively integrated theory of space. As in the past in the field of quantum physics, the metaphor of the theory of relativity creates many valuable inspirations and suggests important proposals. This search cannot ignore the fundamental challenge faced by the concept constructed in this way as the need to avoid far-reaching reductionisms in the analysis of the growing importance of classical humanistic questions, i.e. about the figure of contemporary humanity and the autotelic values which make it up as inalienable elements of the new axiology of space. It asks not only about its attributes, but also about the right to the presence, use and creation of a new form of the old and contemporary cultural spaces.
Wartości Unii Europejskiej i ich miejsce w polityce kreowania porządku międzynarodowego opartego na wartościach i zasadach
Authors: Obacz Piotr
Published: February 2024

The values of the European Union are important elements of this organisation’s contact with the international environment. Important political goals of the EU, which fall within the sphere of long-term objectives of its foreign policy, are developing ‘rulesbased multilateralism’ and contributing to the creation of ‘rules and values-based international order’. The aim of this article is to reconstruct and present in a concise and approachable way the place of European values in an international domain, in the EU’s external activity directed at the creation of the title international phenomenon.
Uwagi o odpowiedzialności osobistej jako wartości w kulturze rosyjskiej
Authors: Dudek Andrzej
Published: February 2024

The main focus of interest is the issue of personal responsibility as revealed in the history of Russian culture. The word otvetsvennost (responsibility) is relatively new in Russian vocabulary. Similar, although not exact meanings during the Old Russian period were conveyed by means of the words debt/obligation (dolg), guilt (vina), penance (pokajanie), repayment (vozdajanie), conscience (sovest), virtue (blagodetel). Ten centuries of Russian history have seen variants of the political system promoting the notion of superiority of the collectivist/community orientation over the individualist one. The Orthodox anthropological concept of ‘sobornost’, the Slavophile idea of the peasant commune as the ideal social system for Russia, the principle of krugovaya poruka, the lack of a long-lasting common reference to the Roman legal tradition, the absolute position of sacralised authority, supported by The Russian Church, have been indicated in the text as the main reasons for the dominant feelings of powerlessness experienced by Russian individuals. The experience of total dependence on oppressive authority led to the conviction that they lacked chances for influencing reality. The community itself on the one hand and the authority on the other appeared to be the main sources of moral judgement, leaving very little room for the development of a sense of personal responsibility. Some examples of strong manifestation of feelings of personal responsibility, were results of Western philosophical influences, crucial for Russian sentimentalists. Such conduct frequently revealed its non-typical origin, causing the sense of alienation from the community.
Virginia Apgar y la música de cuerdas
Authors: Palacios Sánchez Leonardo
Published: February 2024

Virginia Apgar (1909-1974) fue una importante médica estadounidense mundialmente famosa por haber diseñado la escala que lleva su nombre y que se utiliza para evaluar neonatos que nacen en cualquier lugar del planeta donde se realice medicina moderna. Además de su trabajo como anestesióloga, docente e investigadora tenía una serie de aficiones muy variadas: lectura, basquetbol, pesca, golf, filatelia y, sobre todo, música. Interpretó el violín y el chelo y tocó en varios grupos de cámara. Motivada por una de sus pacientes, Carleen Hutchinson, maestra de ciencias y música, construyó cuatro instrumentos: viola, violín, cello y mezzo violín, que posteriormente ella misma interpretaría. Cerca de veinte años después de su fallecimiento, el 24 de octubre de 1994, en Dallas, durante la reunión anual de la Academia Americana de Pediatría y el lanzamiento de una estampilla del Servicio Postal Americano conmemorativa en su honor, fueron interpretadas varias de las piezas favoritas de la doctora Apgar con los instrumentos que ella misma elaboró. La admirable vida de Virginia Apgar mezcló actividades diversas y dejó un legado de un valor incalculable para la humanidad.
Biocirugía: utilización de larvas de insectos necrófagos en la curación de heridas. La terapia larval
Authors: Sánchez Magda Carolina , Chuaire Lilián , Narváez Raúl , Segura Nidya Alexandra
Published: February 2024

La terapia larval es una técnica que permite aplicarlas larvas de algunas especies de dípteros sobre heridas crónicas o sobre focos de infección localizados, con la finalidad de restaurar el tejido afectado. La velocidad y la eficacia del tratamiento, sumadas a la casi nula pérdida de tejido sano durante el proceso de reparación tisular, han hecho de la terapia larval o biocirugía una alternativa viable para la curación de heridas asociadas con entidades como pie diabético, úlceras venosas, úlceras crónicas de la piel y quemaduras, así como de ciertos tipos de tumores benignos, abscesos y osteomielitis. Aunque la medicina moderna ha sido, en muchos casos, reticente a la aplicación de terapias de esta índole, eventos como la resistencia a los antibióticos y las alteraciones en el proceso de cicatrización en las heridas crónicas han permitido modificar la posición inicial de muchos médicos al respecto.
Conjecturing-Based Discovery of Patterns in Data
Authors: Brooks J. Paul , Edwards David J. , Larson Craig E. , Van Cleemput Nico
Published: February 2024

We propose the use of a conjecturing machine that suggests feature relationships in the form of bounds involving nonlinear terms for numerical features and Boolean expressions for categorical features. The proposed Conjecturing framework recovers known nonlinear and Boolean relationships among features from data. In both settings, true underlying relationships are revealed. We then compare the method to a previously proposed framework for symbolic regression on the ability to recover equations that are satisfied among features in a data set. The framework is then applied to patient-level data regarding COVID-19 outcomes to suggest possible risk factors that are confirmed in the medical literature. Discovering patterns in data is a first step toward establishing causal relationships, which can be the basis for effective decision making.

Data Ethics & Reproducibility Note: Code and data to reproduce results are available at https://github.com/jpbrooks/conjecturing . COVID-19 synthetic patient data were obtained as part of the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) Innovation Ecosystem and precisionFDA COVID-19 Risk Factor Modeling Challenge and are used here with permission from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The code capsule is available on Code Ocean at https://codeocean.com/capsule/1538321/tree/v1 and in the e-Companion to this article (available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijds.2021.0043 ).

History: Olivia Sheng served as the senior editor for this article.
Can euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis caused by SGLT2 inhibitors be avoided in COVID-19 and other acute infections?
Authors: Pilianidis Georgios , Papanastasiou Georgia , Tikoudi Pinelopi , Themistocleous Andreas , Farmakis Georgios , Dolianitis Konstantinos
Published: February 2024

Introduction: We present a case of anion gap euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (EuDKA) in a patient with COVID-19 infection. Patients with diabetes mellitus are at increased risk of severe illness, and hyperglycaemia is associated with higher morbidity and mortality in patients infected with COVID-19. Case Description: A 76-year-old male with diabetes mellitus treated with SGLT2 inhibitor tested positive for COVID-19 infection on day 3 after his admission. In the emergency room he had a high anion gap metabolic acidosis and a blood glucose of 248 mg/dl. His urine tested strongly positive for ketones. A diagnosis of euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis was made and he was treated with intravenous insulin and normal saline; his antidiabetic medications were stopped. His metabolic acidosis gradually resolved, and he was discharged. Discussion: Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis is a rare complication of COVID-19 infection. It is defined by the American Diabetes Association as the triad of anion gap metabolic acidosis with arterial pH <7.3, serum bicarbonate <18 mmol/l and ketonuria or ketonemia. It is a life-threatening complication which usually occurs in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients but may also occur in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. As described earlier, it is associated with hyperglycaemia but if blood glucose is low or near normal but <250 mg/dl it is then named euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis. Patients treated with SGLT2 inhibitors are at increased risk of euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis. Conclusions: COVID-19 infection precipitated euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis in our patient. SGLT2 inhibitors must be stopped when this adverse reaction occurs. As their use increases, the risk of this adverse reaction is higher as well. Their prescription should be restricted to trained physicians who are able to educate their patients and treat them appropriately in situations that may arise.
Low Temperature Sintering of Porous Zeolite Spheres via Waste Glass Powder Addition
Authors: Kurt Ayse , Kalemtas Ayse
Published: February 2024

In this study, porous zeolite spheres were produced at a low temperature by a facile and economical method, sol-gel, using a natural zeolite from the Gördes region of Türkiye and waste soda glass powder. Waste glass powder was achieved by milling the recyclable waste soda glass bottles to be used as a source of silica. Elemental analysis of the waste glass was carried out by using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. It was determined that Si (57.3 wt. %), Ca (20.9 wt. %), Na (13.9 wt. %), Mg (2.64 wt. %), and Al (1.64 wt. %) were the major constituents of the waste glass. Three different sphere compositions were designed containing 1:1, 3:2, and 7:3 zeolite:waste glass ratio. When the zeolite:waste glass ratio was 1:1 oval-shaped green spheres were achieved. For the compositions containing 3:2, and 7:3 zeolite:waste glass ratio spherical green samples were achieved. Prepared spheres were sintered at 300°, 400°, and 500°C for 1 h. It was observed that the samples could not maintain their spherical form when the sintering temperature was lower than 500°C. Scanning electron microscopy investigation of the spheres sintered at 500°C revealed that highly porous zeolite spheres, containing pores from ~20 µm to nanometre sizes, were achieved. Image J software was used to determine effect of composition on the size and size distribution of the sintered spheres.
Optimizing Concrete Strength with the Partial Replacement of Aggregate with Ceramic Tiles for Sustainable Construction
Authors: S T Basim , Periyasamy L. , Seethapathi M. , das K. Mohan
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT: The coarse aggregate replacement in part with crushed waste ceramic tiles was explored at varying percentages, ranging from 10% to 50%. Simultaneously, granite powder and ceramic tile powder were employed as substitutes for fine aggregate, each at a 10% replacement rate alongside the ceramic coarse tiles. As a result of continuous innovations and advancements in the construction industry, there has been a significant rise in the utilization of natural aggregates. The generation of solid waste from construction demolitions has also witnessed a substantial increase. Research indicates that approximately from 20% to 30% of materials produced in manufacturing plants end up as waste. To address the constraints of natural aggregate resources and mitigate construction waste, there is a pressing need to repurpose this waste material. Concrete of M25 grade was designed and subjected to testing. Mix designs for different combinations were formulated by altering the percentages of crushed tiles and granite powder in both coarse and fine aggregates. Experiments were conducted on several concrete mixes using variable volumes of discarded shattered tiles and granite powder during seven, fourteen, and 28 days of curing. These examinations included “workability assessments, compressive strength tests, split tensile strength tests, and flexural strength tests”. The results show that larger replacement percentages of granite powder and crumbled tiles boost workability. Additionally, the strength of the concrete exhibited an improvement, particularly with a 30% replacement of ceramic coarse tile aggregate. Explore the use of advanced ceramic composites with improved mechanical properties and durability for enhanced performance in concrete. Investigate the potential use of recycled ceramics or explore novel production methods that reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, aligning with sustainable construction practices. KEYWORDS: Ceramic Tiles; Granite Powder; M25 Grade; Mechanical Properties; Solid Waste; Workability
An Implicit Adaptive FDTD Mesh Generation Techniquebased on Tetrahedrons
Authors: Zhang Weiran , Xu Zikun , Peng Huaiyun , Chen Juan , Mou Chunhui
Published: February 2024

A novel implicit adaptive FDTD mesh generation method based on tetrahedrons is proposed in this paper. According to the vertex coordinates of tetrahedrons which make up an object, non-uniform grid lines are generated first. These grid lines are constrained by the structure of the object and follow three rules mentioned in the paper. The first rule is to find demarcation points of the object and drop grid lines on these points. The second rule is to make sure all mesh sizes are less than one-tenth of the wavelength by adding more grid lines. The last rule is to densify mesh at the fine structure of the object. Then by comparing the positional relationship between center points of Yee cells and tetrahedrons, the object can be discretized by Yee cells. Finally, numerical examples are given to verify the validity and accuracy of this novel method.