bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thought-Action Fusion as Predictors of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom Dimensions
Authors: Kim Ji Eun , Lee Seung Jae
Published: December 2020

Objective There have been several studies investigating the relationships between dysfunctional beliefs and obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, studies about the relationships between dysfunctional beliefs, especially thought-action fusion (TAF), and OC symptom dimensions have been scarce. Therefore, this study examined to what extent and how TAF subcomponents account for unique variability in four OC symptom dimensions.Methods Sixty-five patients with OCD and 45 healthy controls aged between 18 and 30 years completed measures for OC symptom dimensions, OC symptoms, and dysfunctional beliefs such as TAF, trait-guilt, and inflated responsibility.Results Three facets of TAF were exclusively associated with two symptom domains, namely, responsibility for harm and unacceptable thoughts, and explained the additional but small amount of variance to predict these two domains. In particular, the likelihood-others TAF positively predicted the unacceptable thoughts domain, whereas the likelihood-self TAF negatively predicted the aforementioned domain. For OC symptoms measured by the OC Inventory, no TAF components predicted the corresponding obsessing and mental neutralizing symptoms.Conclusion This study provides supporting evidence that the three TAF subcomponents may be differently associated with certain OC symptom dimensions, and a dimensional approach may complement typical symptom-oriented OC measures.
Determination of the profile of the temperature field of material heated by continuous laser radiation
Authors:   Research institute of perspective materials and technologies, Lapshinov B.A. , Timchenko N.I. ,   Research institute of perspective materials and technologies
Published: December 2020

Spectral pyrometry was used to determine the surface temperature distribution of Si, Nb, Cu, and graphite samples when they were locally heated by continuous radiation of an Nd:YAG laser (λ = 1.064 μm). With prolonged exposure to radiation, a stationary temperature field was established in the samples. The thermal spectra were recorded with a small spectrometer in the visible range in the temperature range above 850 K. The optical fiber used to transmit the radiation spectrum to the spectrometer had an additional diaphragm with a diameter of 1 mm located at a certain distance from the fiber end, which ensured the locality of the recorded spectra. The optical fiber moved continuously along the sample, and the spectrometer recorded up to 100 spectra with a frequency of 5-10 Hz. The temperature profile of the samples was calculated based on the results of processing the spectra using the Spectral Pyrometry program.
Model of supercapacitor electrodes based on nanostructured materials
Authors:   Udmurt sate university, Pisareva T.A. , Shadrin N.S. ,   Udmurt sate university, Kharanzhevskiy E.V. ,   Udmurt sate university, Reshetnikov S.M. ,   Udmurt sate university
Published: December 2020

The substantiation of an extended model of the equivalent electric circuit of supercapacitor electrodes based on nanostructured materials taking into account the change in the characteristics of charge transport in the electrolyte–electrode material system at various frequencies depending on the thickness of the electrode material has been presented. The model is aimed at predicting the impedance characteristics of supercapacitors depending on the conductivity of the electrolyte, the characteristics of the pores, and the thickness of the nanostructured material of the electrode. Good agreement was obtained between the calculation results and experimental data. Within the framework of the model, the decrease in the specific electric capacity of supercapacitors with an increase in the thickness of the electrode material is explained by the significant influence of the relatively small values of the electrolyte resistance in the space between the powder particles and the contact resistance between the electrode material particles.
Titus und kein Ende
Authors: Döring Tobias
Published: December 2020

As part of the discussion on the poetics of endings, this paper looks at Shakespeare’s early Roman revenge tragedy as a particularly rich case study. Readers, spectators, and critics of Titus Andronicus have long been puzzled and sometimes annoyed by the sense of uncertainty and irresolution which this play seems to leave us with, even though its final speeches take us through the motions of a strong conclusion. Recent criticism has especially focussed on the figure of the new emperor, whose words close the tragedy with traditional burial orders but whose authority remains in doubt. My paper reopens the case by drawing also on two German adaptations, Heiner Müller’s Anatomie Titus Fall of Rome (1984) and Botho Strauß’s Schändung (2005), as heuristic texts to highlight fundamental ruptures that are at stake here. Trying to put the question of endings also into the religious context of the English Reformation and into the culture of the playhouse, the paper argues that Shakespeare’s dramatic non-ending in Titus may indeed be quite productive.
Beendigung mit und in Musik
Authors: Gülke Peter
Published: December 2020

When it comes to the ‘end’, music and what it is connected with – certain practices, dance, text – mutually enrich each other. Phrasings and movements occur as smaller units of any motion and therefore as breaks and endings of very different kinds and dosages. In a song, the text is finished earlier than the music. Due to the convincing force of emotionality, music can help to end ‘illogical’ action where logic is impossible. How music ends by itself only becomes problematic when it is not bound to words or action. What is needed are rituals and fixed cadential formulas, which often are at odds with whatever has been dealt with before.
Essence, Propria and Essentialist Explanation
Authors: Chi Zeyu
Published: December 2020

In this paper I propose a notion of propria inspired by Aristotle, on which propria are non-essential, necessary properties explained by the essence of a thing. My proposal differs from the characterization of propria by Kit Fine and Kathrin Koslicki: unlike Fine, the relation of explanation on my account can’t be assimilated to a notion of logical entailment. In disagreement with Koslicki, I suggest that the explanatory relation at issue needs not be necessary. My account of essence is conceptually parsimonious: it illuminates the contribution of essence to explanation without relying on obscure notions such as Aristotelian form or identity.
Forma Dat Esse
Authors: Roudaut Sylvain
Published: December 2020

This paper offers an overview of the history of the axiom forma dat esse, which was commonly quoted during the Middle Ages to describe formal causality. The first part of the paper studies the origin of this principle, and recalls how the ambiguity of Boethius’s first formulation of it in the De Trinitate was variously interpreted by the members of the School of Chartres. Then, the paper examines the various declensions of the axiom that existed in the late Middle Ages, and shows how its evolution significantly follows the progressive decline of the Aristotelian model of formal causality.
A Logical Reconstruction of Leibniz’s Argument for His Complete Concept Conception of the Nature of Substance in Discours §8
Authors: Busse Ralf
Published: December 2020

This paper develops a valid reconstruction in first-order predicate logic of Leibniz’s argument for his complete concept definition of substance in §8 of the Discours de Métaphysique. Following G. Rodriguez-Pereyra, it construes the argument as resting on two substantial premises, the “merely verbal” Aristotelian definition and Leibniz’s concept containment theory of truth, and it understands the resulting “real” definition as saying not that an entity is a substance iff its complete concept contains every predicate of that entity, but iff its complete concept contains every predicate of any subject to which that concept is truly attributable. An account is suggested of why Leibniz criticises the Aristotelian definition as merely nominal and how he takes his own definition to overcome this shortcoming: while on the Aristotelian basis the predication relation could generate endless chains, so that substances as endpoints of predication would be impossible, Leibniz’s definition reveals lowest species as such endpoints, which he therefore identifies with individual substances. Since duplicate lowest species make no sense, the Identity of Indiscernibles for substances follows. The reading suggests a Platonist interpretation according to which substances do not so much have but are individual essences, natures or forms.
Psycholinguistic Analysis of the Concept ‘The Sense of Communication’
Authors:   Dragomanov National Pedagogical University, Grinova Olga M.
Published: December 2020

The article is dedicated to studying the psycholinguistic aspects of the phenomenon of sense in verbal communication. The theoretical analysis of psycholinguistics patterns regarding the subject of the research has allowed for revealing the peculiarities of transforming certain senses into notions by an individual in the course of communication. In verbal communication, the updates of identification, induction, and reflexive evaluation mechanisms of the communicants’ senses provide for the processes of constructing the addressee’s own notional structures along with their further embedment into the linguistic world picture. The addresser, being an active subject of sensemaking, constructs his own messages for the most accurate sense transmission to the addressee, to organize the joint activity and affect the behavior. The purpose of the experimental research was to identify the peculiarities of the senses of communication in adolescent individuals. The most prominent associations of the concept under research have become communication, friendship, mutual understanding, trust, interests. The analysis of the associative field has demonstrated that the respondents view the sense of their own communication mainly in the emotionally close relationship with their agemates. The foreground values in building such relationship are honesty, partnership, a possibility to trust another person, to rely on his/her help when facing hardships. In life-long transspective, the respondents predominantly project the senses of communication in the present time. The senses prolonged into the future are observed only in the association area of the professional academic and professional communication, the formation of which is open and has not been finalized. The priority areas of the semantic field of the concept under research are as follows: the area of the interpersonal interaction proper, the relationship design area, and the area of understanding and interpreting the interlocutor’s messages. The specifics of the development of a contemporary personality in late years of adolescence is represented by the contents of the association areas of self-expression, self-management of one’s own activity, and the communication organization means.
Hypnotic Metaphor аs a Discursive Mechanism of Speech Influence (a Case Study of Psychological Trainings by Natalia Grace)
Authors:   Vyatka State Agricultural Academy, Kozlova Elena A.
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the concept of hypnotic metaphor in psychiatry and linguistics and explores its application in the situation of public teaching discourse. The right-hemisphere mechanisms of perception are considered in order to detect sensory images, represented in the universal object code, since the processes of mastering the facts, which are based on similarity, adjacency, imagery, take place in the right hemisphere. The connection of mirror neurons with metaphorical thinking is assumed. The classification of metaphor types in psychotherapeutic literature is given. The article analyzes the performance of modern speaker-coaches, given as lectures, trainings, conversations and designed to effectively change the emotional mood and categorical constructs of listeners. Otherwise, listeners simply will not buy tickets for these events. It is concluded that modern lecture trainings are a kind of group psychotherapy session. Information is fed in a ‘live stream’ of right-hemisphere mechanisms involving mirror neurons. Coach rhetoric is a system of metaphors that are archetypes of consciousness and are part of the basic layer of the conceptual framework.
A Comparative Analysis of Speech Disfluencies in Children Aged 10-12 Years and Adults, Native Russian Speakers
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Slabodkina Tatiana A.
Published: December 2020

The article presents a psycholinguistic study of the oral speech of pre-adolescent Russian speakers. The current study compared the quantitative characteristics of speech disfluencies (silent and filled hesitation pauses, false starts, and repetitions among them) on the material of two corpora of oral texts: one of which was an annotated transcript of dialogues of children asged 10-12 solving in pairs a certain problem, and the second corpus consisted of dialogues between adults in the identical situation. Through the comparison of the two corpora, the author aimed at determining differences in speech behavior of two age groups put in the same conditions. The analysis of the collected data showed that there is a statistically significant difference between the two samples in the number of silent pauses and their length between the interlocutors’ utterances, as well as by one of the types of repairs, which may indicate the ongoing development of certain speech skills in children of this age. These results support the theory of late discursive development which indicates the need for further comprehensive research of pre-adolescent children speech, even though this period traditionally is neglected by researchers.
PENGARUH KELEKATAN AYAH TERHADAP GEJALA DEPRESI REMAJA PEREMPUAN DI KOTA BANDUNG
Authors: Yuniar Jannah , Sumaryanti Indri Utami
Published: December 2020

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of father-daughter attachment towards adolescent depressive symptoms in Bandung. The sampling technique in this study was purposive sampling with a questionnaire data collection method. The instruments used in this study were the Inventory of Parent And Peer Attachment (IPPA) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The sample in this study were 64 teenage girls in Bandung aged 15-24 years who have experienced three symptoms of depression for at least 2 weeks. The simple linear regression test results show that the higher the father attachment, the lower the depressive symptoms of female adolescents in Bandung. However, the magnitude of this influence is only 13.9%. For future researchers who are interested in investigating further about this variable, it is suggested to include control variables that can contribute to depressive symptoms, such as self-esteem, self-concept, self-efficacy, attributional style, and social support.
PELATIHAN MINDFULNESS UNTUK MENURUNKAN TINGKAT STRES PADA SISWI KELAS X
Authors: Uswatun Hasanah Ulfa Noor Laili , Dinni Siti Muthia
Published: December 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of mindfulness training to reduce the stress levels of 7 students in SMK X Pundong who have moderate to severe stress levels. The stress level was measured using the DASS scale. This research is categorized into experimental research type with one group pretest-posttest design. The data obtained were then analyzed using the non-parametric Wilcoxon test method to see the difference between students’ stress levels before and after the intervention through the IBM SPSS Statistics 25 for windows program. The results showed that there were significant differences in students’ stress levels before and after the intervention was given with a value of p = 0.018 (p <0.05). This proves that mindfulness training can reduce the stress levels of students in class X.
Effect of varying water applications on growth, yield and water use efficiency of okra under drip irrigation in Akure, Ondo state, Nigeria
Authors: SEDARA Oluwadunsin , SEDARA Adewale
Published: December 2020

The conservation of water is crucial to sustainable agricultural production during dry season when there is little or no rainfall to improve crop production. Thus this study is aimed to estimate the effects of different levels of water applications on the growth, yield and water use efficiency of Okra under drip irrigation system during dry season. The sixteen plots consist of four treatments (2 m x 2 m) with four replicates in a complete randomized block design to determine the water consumptive use of Okra. The growth, yield and water use efficiency of Okra under four different irrigation management i.e irrigation water applied at 100FIT (full irrigation treatment), 80FIT, 60FIT and 40FIT were measured. Results showed highest growth parameters being observed at 100FIT and the least at 40FIT. The difference in the growth parameters in all the experimental blocks were not significant (p=0.05) for all the stages of development of okra. Using standard bar errors the yield obtained at 60 and 100FIT was not significantly different but significantly different when compared to other treatment blocks and it ranges from 2.05-3.60 tons/ha. The Irrigation Water Use Efficiency (IWUE) ranges from 0.024-0.041tons/ha.mm while the Crop Water Use Efficiency (CWUE) ranges from 0.0088-0.0139 tons/ha.mm. Okra crop irrigated with drip irrigation at 60FIT recorded the highest IWUE, CWUE and about 73% more yield than the 40FIT of 0.041 tons/ha.mm, 0.0139 tons/ha.mm and 3.56 tons/ha respectively. It was concluded that Okra crop irrigated at 60FIT should be adopted in order to save 40% water to irrigate additional land. Drip irrigation is encouraged during dry season for farmers to produce okra all year round.
Russian correspondents — authors of the books on the First Balkan War in Bulgaria in 1912–1913
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gusev Nikita S.
Published: December 2020

This essay is devoted to the work of Russian correspondents in Bulgaria during the First Balkan war. The author points to the obstacles imposed by censorship, which aimed to hide the truth of the war from the European public. As a result, this often led to the invention of news. At the same time, the authorities showed aﬀection towards journalists and wanted to present their country in the most favourable light in the press. To understand the author's positions, we outline the biography of the authors who collected their essays in books: the patriarch of Russian military journalism, the writer Vas. I. Nemirovich-Danchenko; lawyer and journalist A.A. Pilenko; writer E.N. Chirikov; and oﬃcer N. P. Mamontov. This position is also shown in other works about the Balkan wars (books by V.N. von Dreyer, L.D. Trotsky, E.I. Martynov, and N.I. Gasfeld), but is not included in the framework of the stated theme, as well as in two unpublished works of Russian eyewitnesses (N.K. Samoseev and V. Viktorov-Toporov).
Perception of the nature and population of the Caucasian theatre of war by representatives of the Russian health service
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Polianskaya (Artyushkova) Elizaveta E.
Published: December 2020

In this essay, the author attempts to discuss the perception by doctors and nurses of the nature of territories of the Caucasus front and the relationship of representatives of the Russian medical and sanitary services with the local population. In this study, the author refers to reports, diaries, memoirs, and press reports of doctors, nurses, orderlies and representatives of the military sanitary department, the Russian Red Cross Society, the Zemstvo and city Union, and other organizations. Contemporaries and participants of the studied events repeatedly point to the “peculiarity” of the Caucasian front. The “special conditions” of the Caucasian theatre had a serious impact on the conduct of hostilities there and, of course, on the work of the medical service. Most of the medical and sanitary representatives of the service of the Caucasian theatre of military operations came from the European part of Russia and for the ﬁrst time were faced with diﬀerent natural, geographical, and sanitary conditions, as well as the traditions and mentality of the populations of Transcaucasia, Turkey, and Persia. Some of the staﬀ had lived previously in the Caucasus, but nevertheless encountered a diﬀerent cultural and natural environment being in Asia Minor and Persia. In these conditions, it was more diﬃcult to organize the medical care of the army, the refugees, and to improve the sanitary situation in the territories occupied by the Russian army. It is important to highlight the unusual nature of that time: it was the ﬁrst opportunity for women to be involved in this process. Women of the “East” lived in the territories occupied by Russians, while women of the “West” held positions as doctors, nurses, heads of the economy, etc., and they came there together concerning the institutions of sanitary and medical care. At the Caucasian Front, we can discern a forced meeting of “East” and “West”, which had a mutual inﬂuence on each other.
Interns of the “Russian Grain” company on their trips to Slovenian lands (1909–1913)
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kirilina Lyubov A.
Published: December 2020

This essay reveals some yet unexplored pages in the history of Russian-Slovenian relations. Based on materials in the Russian and Slovenian archives, the main features of the trips of Russian peasants, who were trainees of the Russian grain company, to practice in Slovenian lands are reconstructed. These visits were carried out with the aim of studying progressive methods of agriculture, which they would then be able to eﬀectively apply at home. The organizer from the Slovenian side was the liberal politician and long-term župan (lord mayor) of Ljubljana, Ivan Hribar. Parties of Russian interns were sent to Slovenian lands in 1909 and 1912 and many of the trainees stayed abroad for one or two years. The main focus of this study is the analysis of the feedback of Russian peasants about their work and study in a foreign country and their impressions of the Slovenes. Reviews by the Russian peasants who were dispatched in 1909 were more favourable than those sent on the 1912 trip, which was for various reasons less successful. In general, the trainees who remained in the Slovenian lands for a long time acquired a lot of new knowledge and skills, which could then be successfully applied in Russia. Slovenes as a people, their culture, and their economic organization made a good impression on the Russian peasants. In addition, it was the peasants' ﬁrst encounter with another world, and being close to the Slovenian people in language, culture, and traditions contributed to the expansion of their common horizons.
Tracing people living with HIV who are lost to follow-up at ART programs in Southern Africa: Study protocol
Authors: Christ Benedikt , Ballif Marie , Anderegg Nanina , Chammartin Frédérique , Zürcher Kathrin , Michel Janet , Muhairwe Josephine , Jefferys Laura , Hector Jonas , van Dijk Janneke H. , Vinikoor Michael , van Lettow Monique , Chimbetete Cleophas , Phiri Sam , Onoya Dorina , Fox Matthew , Egger Matthias
Published: December 2020

The successful treatment of people living with HIV and the monitoring and evaluation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs both depend on regular and complete follow-up. Analyses restricted to clients remaining in care will underestimate mortality among all clients who started ART. Biased estimates of program-level mortality hamper the evaluation of single programs and the comparison between programs, settings and countries. We publish here a standardized protocol used to trace people living with HIV classified as lost to follow-up at ART programs members of the International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS in Southern Africa (IeDEA-SA), and to determine their vital and care status.
Research on the Application of Augmented Reality Technology into the Educational Activities of Kindergarten’s Number Concept
Authors: Miyane Sunmi
Published: December 2020

Augmented Reality (AR) is different from virtual reality (VR). It is an emerging technology that does not emphasize the creation of virtual feelings through virtual objects, but focuses on combining virtual objects with real environments. This article starts from the connotation interpretation and characteristic analysis of augmented reality technology, and examines the current kindergarten number concept education activities, and finds that there are the following problems in kindergarten number concept education activities: insufficient creation of mathematics environment, single learning methods for children, and lack of effective learning among children interactive. Combining the characteristics and functions of augmented reality technology, we propose optimization strategies for optimizing kindergarten math concept education activities, respectively creating a unity of “form” and “body” for the environment, rich game experience and dialogue-creating-meaning construction of children’s mathematics cognition.
An Academic Reflection as an Examination after High-Fidelity Simulation in Nursing Education
Authors: Miyane Sunmi
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Today’s healthcare is complex and the need for quick decisions and care can be crucial for the patient’s well-being. For the students, it is essential to develop clinical competence during their nursing education. Aim: The aim of the study was to explore how an individual written academic reflection as an examination after high-fidelity simulation can support student nurses’ learning experiences of clinical competence when a developed questionnaire was used to stimulate in-depth reflection. Method: After the intervention of using an academic reflection as an examination after high-fidelity simulation during the fourth semester of the nursing programme, 107 individually written academic reflections were collected from students during 2017-18. A questionnaire with seven open-ended questions was developed to stimulate the reflection of students’ learning experiences of clinical competence. Based on Kolb’s experiential learning cycle, a deductive content analysis was used with focus on the students’ learning experiences. Results: The students expressed that the performed simulated scenario in connection with the individual written academic reflection made them aware of the strengths and weaknesses in their ability to clinical reasoning and patient safety. Furthermore, the importance of communications skills emerged. The students highlighted the use of the closed loop structure for communication in the team, and the necessity to involve the patient more in clinical situations. During the simulation scenarios, the students appreciated in having the opportunity to be an observer for developing knowledge concerning clinical competence. Conclusion: By implementing an examination that provides an opportunity for time for an in depth-reflection, creates effectively professional development. The academic reflection as an examination appears to be a good learning experience such as the clinical competence became visible for the students. Integrating reflective writing continuously during the nursing education can contribute progression of students’ skills to write an academic reflection.
RESEARCH
Authors: Abdulrahman Ismael Abdulrahman Ismael Abdulrahman
Published: December 2020

THIS IS FOR TEST ONLY, YOU HAVE TO IGNORE IT
An Empirical Study on the Demand Analysis of 0 - 3-Year-Old Infants’ Care Service in China—Based on a Survey in Province G
Authors: Miyane Sunmi
Published: December 2020

The study adopts the self-made questionnaire of 0 - 3-year-old children’s demand for child care, investigating 6564 families with 0 - 3-year-old children in G province by means of cluster probability sampling. The survey shows that most parents’ willingness to care is not strong, and the acceptable monthly cost of care is mainly within 2000 Yuan. The main reason for choosing care is to let children receive professional care and education. The main reasons for not choosing nursery are that families can take care of themselves; parents are most concerned about the safety of nursery institutions and the professionalism of the staff; they prefer to choose public nursery institutions. Therefore, we should actively construct a multi-level and multi-level care service system to better meet the demand of care services of 0 - 3-year-old infants.
European Research Development
Authors: BOGDAN Oana
Published: December 2020

Given the contributions of the authors, we dare to hope that we are now closer to finding answers to the problems related to the general framework of research programs available at European level, the identification and promotion of a flexible interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary framework that best addresses the latest trends in science, society and the economy or the coherence and compatibility between Horizon 2020 and policies oriented towards social cohesion that would promote research excellence.
Benefitting from trial spacing without the cost of prolonged training: Frequency, not duration, of trials with absent stimuli enhances perceived contingency
Authors: Castiello Santiago , Miller Ralph R. , Witnauer Jim , Alcaide Doriann M. , Fung Ethan , Pitliya Riddhi J. , Morrissey Dyedra , Murphy Robin
Published: December 2020

The statistical relation between two events influences the perception of how one event relates to the presence or absence of another. Interestingly, the simultaneous absence of both events, just like their mutual occurrence, is relevant for describing their contingency. In three experiments, we explored the relevance of co-absent events by varying the duration and frequency of trials without stimuli. We used a rapid trial streaming procedure, and found that the perceived association between events is enhanced with increasing frequency of co-absent events unlike the duration of co-absent events which had little effect. These findings suggest ways in which the benefits of trial spacing, during which both events are absent, could be obtained without increasing total training time. Centrally, this can be done by frequent repeating of shortened co-absent events, each marked by a trial contextual cue. We discuss four potential accounts of how co-absent experience might be processed contributing to this effect: i) contingency sensitivity, ii) testing effect, iii) reduced associative interference by the context, and iv) reduced encoding interference.
BUKU AJAR PRAKTIK ASUHAN PELAYANAN KELUARGA BERENCANA (KB)
Authors: Fauziah Fauziah
Published: December 2020

Buku ajar praktik ini disiapkan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan, pemahaman dan keterampilan praktik mahasiswa tentang Metode Kontrasepsi KB, jenisnya, cara kerja, serta indikasi dan kontra indikasinya. Penggalakan program keluarga sejahtera melalui program keluarga berencana menjadi bagian dari usaha pencegahan dalam layanan kesehatan mendasar pada wanita , walaupun terdapat beberapa perbedaan persepsi mengenai hal ini. Perwujudan dari usaha memaksimalkan fungsi keluarga berencana, layanan ini patut tersedia untuk wanita, caranya dengan mengatur dan mencukupi keperluan layanan kesehatan reproduksi esensial serta lainnya. Tanggap terhadap tiap fase siklus reproduksi wanita. Perkembangan layanan keluarga berencana menjadi bagian upaya dalam memperkecil jumlah kesakitan dan kematian ibu yang cukup meningkat karena kejadian kehamilan.
Soil Erosion Estimation Using RUSLE Modeling and Geospatial Tool: Case Study of Kathmandu District, Nepal
Authors: Dahal Roshan
Published: December 2020

Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model is applied in this study to evaluate the risk of erosion in Kathmandu district. The calculation of erosion requires certain data from various sources available in different formats and scales. Geographic Information System (GIS) was used which allowed considerable time savings in the processing of spatial data, screening the effects of each factor affecting soil erosion. Among various erosion factors, topography, rainfall, soil properties, and soil conservation practices were used for the study. Average soil loss was calculated by multiplying these factors. Final results of soil erosion rates were separated into six classes based on erosion severity, in which 2.18% of land (> 80Mg ha-1yr-1), followed by 2.85% of land (40-80 Mg ha-1yr-1), 5.56% of land (20-40 Mg ha-1yr-1), 8.73% of land (10-20 Mg ha-1yr-1), 10.53% of land (5-10 Mg ha-1yr-1) and 70.14% of land (0-5 Mg ha-1yr-1), falls under very severe, severe, very high, moderate and low severity zone respectively. Area having high slope length (LS) factor has high erosion rate. In Dakshinkali, Nagarjun and Budanilkantha area, there is high erosion rate. From the result, spatial distribution of soil erosion across Kathmandu district, can be applied for management and controlling the erosion.
Status, Importance and Major Issues in Water Source in Watershed of Chitwan, Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Prerana , Manandhar Bikram , Dhungana Nabin , Rajbhandari Sujan
Published: December 2020

Khageri Khola sub-watershed of the Chitwan district is stressed by climate change and is facing changes in its water source. The main objective of this study was to assess the status of water sources, their importance, water source issues, and distribution of water sources as well as to suggest appropriate conservation and management measures. Various participatory tools such as household interviews, focus group discussions and stakeholder’s consultations were used. In total, 56 water sources were identified in eight micro-watersheds in Khageri Khola sub-watershed. The overall water sources were found decreasing with moderate (43%) to insufficient (32%) amount of water available for drinking. People meet their current water demand through tap water (43%) and tube wells/wells (38%). Conservation and management measures such as tree plantation, solar planning (solar power for water pumping system) for wildlife, construction of water tanks and bamboo plantation have been adopted. Hence, upstream soil erosion should be reduced to save downstream sources from flash floods by emphasizing land use planning. Regular observation, capital funding for water sources and catchment conservation and awareness programs are further required to minimize the possible risks on water sources.
Addressing the Challenge of Overlapping Claims in Implementing the Vancouver Island (Douglas) Treaties
Authors: Thom Brian
Published: December 2020

Indigenous social and legal orders are a source for addressing the challenge of overlapping claims in exercising historic treaty rights in the territories of neighbouring non-treaty Indigenous Peoples. The Vancouver Island Treaties (also known as the Douglas Treaties) of the 1850s made commitments that signatory communities could continue to hunt on unoccupied lands and carry on their fisheries as formerly. Today, as urban, agricultural and industrial forestry have constrained where people can exercise their treaty rights locally, individuals from these nations exercise harvesting rights in “extended territories” of their neighbours. Through detailing several court cases where these treaty rights were challenged by the Crown and the texts of modern-day treaty documents, I show how Coast Salish people continue to draw on local values and legal principles to articulate their distinctive vision of territory and community, both engaging and subverting divisive “overlapping claims” discourses. Not only First Nations but the state, through the judiciary, Crown counsel and land claims negotiators, also, at times, acknowledge and recognise the principles of kin and land tenure that are the foundation for addressing the challenges of overlapping claims.
Recurrent Pyogenic Cholangitis as an Unusual Indication for Liver Transplantation in a Center of a Western Country
Authors: Gómez-Gavara Concepción , Gómez-Gavara Concepción , Castells Lluís , Campos-Varela Isabel , Pares Bofill Berta , Martín Rocío , Curell Anna , Dopazo Cristina , Pando Elizabeth , Caralt Mireia , Salcedo M. Teresa , Hidalgo Ernest , Bilbao Itxarone , Charco Ramón
Published: December 2020

Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis is a chronic infection characterized by intrahepatic biliary stones and
strictures. Escherichia coli is the commonest infecting organism. This disease is very common in East Asia
but infrequent in Western countries, and few reports have been published in European series. The
therapeutic approach for hepatolithiasis is highly individual and includes antibiotic therapy, endoscopic and
percutaneous biliary drainage with stone removal and dilation of strictures, surgical resection of affected
liver segments and liver transplantation. We report two cases of RCP in Chinese patients treated with liver
transplantation at our center out of the 34 published in the literature.
The artificial forest communities as an environmental factor of ecological safety at Kryvyi Rih ore-mining and metallurgical district
Authors:   Kryvyi Rih State Pedagogical University, Kvitko M. O. , Savosko V. M. ,   Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Likholat Yu. V. ,   Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Hrygoryk I. P. ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Published: December 2020

It is shown that the finding environment importance artificial forest communities are an important prerequisite for optimizing the state environment in the industrialized regions of Ukraine. The aim of this work is to analyze from the point of ecosystem approach to analyze artificial forest communities as a promising factor of ecological safety of the Kryvyi Rih mining and metallurgical region. The materials of the work were scientific publications and the results of their own field studies, which were performed during 2013-2019 on the territory of natural and artificially created forest phytocenoses, located in contrasting ecological conditions and representing the main varieties of tree plantations. It is proved that in the forest cultivar phytocenoses of the region tree species of plants are in a stressful state, because they are constantly affected by adverse environmental factors of natural and anthropogenic genesis. We have made the assumption that the artificial forest communities of the Kryvyi Rih region should become one of the key environmental factors that determine its ecological safety, both individually in this region and in Ukraine as a whole. To solve this problem, it is necessary to achieve optimal forest cover of Kryvyi Rih region (8-10%) by creating new plantations and taking into account scientific prerequisites and ordering existing ones. To solve this problem, it is necessary to achieve optimal forest cover of Kryvyi Rih region (8-10%) by creating new plantations and taking into account scientific prerequisites and ordering existing ones. To resolve this issue, it is necessary to achieve optimal forest cover of the Kryvyi Rih region (8-10%) by creating new forest plantations and arranging existing trees, taking into account the scientific prerequisites.
By-products of drawings - biological raw materials for alternative energy production
Authors:   Rice Institute of NAAS, Maruschak G. M. , Lisovoy M. M. ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Published: December 2020

Emphasis is placed on the efficiency of production of alternative types of biofuels by rational selection of species and the intensity of biomass formation of plants of the appropriate chemical composition. It is determined that favorable natural and climatic conditions of the South of Ukraine, the presence of built rice irrigation systems make it possible to obtain high yields of high quality rice grain, while forming significant amounts of by-products in the form of straw, husk, flour, which are a source of solid biofuel.As a result of research of bioenergetic potential of Ukrainian rice varieties it is shown that the highest values of energy yield under the use of by-products (straw and husk) are characterized by Viscount and Premium varieties, which studied to determine the impact of agronomic factors on the formation of rice productivity. straw and husks as sources of bioenergy plant raw materials as solid biofuels.
The basin approach for water resources management in Ukraine: the SWOT analysis
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Strokal V. P. , Kovpak A. V. ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Published: December 2020

This review article aims to increase our understanding in the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of implementing the basin approach for water resources management in Ukraine. To this end, this article implements that SWOT analysis for discussing the transition from the administrative approach towards the basin approach. The SWOT analysis consists of the four main aspects: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. Strengths and Weakness include strong and weak points of implementing the basin approach, respectively. Opportunities are windows for implementing actions to facilitate the basin approach and increase the effectiveness of this approach. Threats include risks for implementing the basin approach. In order to better understand opportunities, the main drivers and causes of water pollution are also discussed in the article. Results of the review show that climate change affects the availability of water resources strongly. Human activities namely the poultry production are important polluters of water resources. The article summarizes the correct water resources management approaches and proposes four main strategies for implementing the basin approach within the SWOT analysis. The first strategy deals with the successful transition from the administrative management towards the basin management of water resources. The second strategy deals with an increase in the access of the public to the water resources information including water quality. The third strategy deals with integrating the European Union water-related directives in the national environmental policies. The fourth strategy deals with reducing pollution levels in water systems through improved technologies. Next steps are to develop an integrated approach to account for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the four strategies. It is important to develop water indicators to facilitate an integrated assessment of water resources for different water uses while accounting for water quality. Future research can focus on future scenarios to project water quality under global change and to assess effects of the national policies on reducing future water pollution from urbanization and agricultural sectors.
Patterns of Lumbar Disc Degeneration: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Analysis in Symptomatic Subjects
Authors: Ruangchainikom Monchai , Daubs Michael D. , Suzuki Akinobu , Xiong Chengjie , Hayashi Tetsuo , Scott Trevor P. , Phan Kevin , Wang Jeffrey C.
Published: December 2020

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.Purpose: To evaluate lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in symptomatic subjects to accumulate baseline data on the pattern of degeneration.Overview of Literature: LDD plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of low-back pain in patients. Few studies have focused on the pattern of LDD to understand how the lumbar spine ages.Methods: This study included 1,095 patients (mean age, 44.29 years; range, 16–85 years) who underwent upright lumbar MRI. LDD was graded into five categories (I–V). Positive LDD was defined as grade III or greater. The prevalence and pattern of LDD were analyzed, and the correlations between age and total grade of LDD were evaluated.Results: The average number of LDD levels and the total grade of LDD increased with age. LDD moved cephalad with age. The rate of LDD increased rapidly during the decade before the prevalence of LDD and became >50%. In the single-level LDD group, the levels L5–S1 were the most common levels (60.3%). In the two-level group, L4–L5 and L5–S1 were the most common levels (53.5%). In the three-level group, L3–L4, L4–L5, and L5–S1 were the most common levels (55.7%). In the multilevel LDD group, contiguous multilevel disc degeneration (CMDD) was more common than the skipped level disc degeneration (SLDD). The levels L4–L5 were the most common levels in the CMDD group, and L5–S1 were the most common levels among SLDD.Conclusions: LDD was found to correlate with age, and the specific patterns and rates of LDD depended on lumbar disc level and age. These LDD pattern data can be used before spinal procedures to predict the probability of natural LDD progression with age.
Commentary on the Ukrainian Translation of Max Horkheimer’s essay History and Psychology
Authors:   Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University, Bryzhnik Vitalii
Published: December 2020

The text comments and explains the Ukrainian translation of Max Gorkheimer's paper “History and Psychology” (1932).
Philosophy as literature. Stocker, B., & Mack, M. (Eds.). (2018). The Palgrave Handbook of Philosophy and Literature. London: Palgrave Macmillan
Authors:   Sumy National Agrarian University, Kornienko Liudmyla
Published: December 2020

Review of Stocker, B., & Mack, M. (Eds.). (2018). The Palgrave Handbook of Philosophy and Literature. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Reception of Plato's philosophical heritage. Review of Fine G. (2019).Тhe Oxford Handbook of Plato.Oxford: Oxford University Press
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (Ukraine), Zviagina Alisa
Published: December 2020

Review of Fine G. (2019).Тhe Oxford Handbook of Plato.Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ethical thinking of the past and the present
Authors:   Faculty of Manufacturing Technologies in Prešov, Technical university of Košice (Slovakia), Gluchmanová Marta
Published: December 2020

Report on the international conference Ethical Thinking: Past and Present entitled Ethics in the 19th and 20th Centuries (October 15-16, 2020, Prešov, Slovakia).
Hubungan Antara Faktor Sosiodemografi, Sosioekonomi Dan Sosiobudaya Dengan Pencarian Pengobatan Malaria Di Puskesmas Kaligesing Kabupaten Purworejo
Authors: Purnama I Made Satya
Published: December 2020

Malaria cases are widely found in Indonesia with 30.000 of death every year. Purworejo is one of endemic area of malaria in Indonesia. There is increasing of malaria cses every year in Purworejo. Furthermore, people in Purworejo assume that malaria is so common disease. The research was observational-analitic research with cross sectional design. Number of sample were 70 people.Sample of research consisted of two group, which are malaria patient who got medical treatment and malaria patient who got traditional treatment. Analysis of relationship between independence and dependence variable was tested by Chi-Square test. Meanwhile analysis of most influential variable applied logistic regression. There were four variables related with malaria seeking care, gender, belief, knowledge and perception of seriousness. Variable that simultaneously affected malaria seeking care were knowledge and perception of seriousness. Meanwhile the most influential variable was perception of seriousness.

Keyword : Health Seeking Behavior, Malaria