bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Happy Birthday, Freiwilliges Soziales Jahr
Authors: Brombach Hartmut , Feyer Natascha Jessica , Mangold Katharina , von Ilten Juliane
Published: August 2024

In dem am 17. August 1964 vom Deutschen Bundestag verabschiedeten FSJ-Gesetz wird das „Freiwillige Soziale Jahr“ (FSJ) in Deutschland erstmals gesetzlich geregelt und feiert somit in diesem Sommer den 60. Geburtstag. Allerdings gab es diese Form des Freiwilligendienstes schon seit den 1950er-Jahren, als auf Initiative des evangelischen Landesbischofs von Bayern, Hermann Dietzfelbinger, unter dem Slogan „Gib ein Jahr“ ein Freiwilligenjahr propagiert wurde, aus dem später das „Diakonische Jahr“ wurde. Am 15. Mai 2024 würdigte Bundespräsident Steinmeier in seiner Rede zum Jubiläum von 70 Jahren Diakonisches Jahr und 60 Jahres Freiwilliges Soziales Jahr den Einsatz von Freiwilligen sowie Trägern und betont, dass Freiwilligendienste den Zusammenhalt in unserer Gesellschaft stärken. Dieser Schwerpunkt zum 60. Geburtstag des FSJ richtet den Blick in dessen Vergangenheit und Zukunft. Welche Entwicklungen und Veränderungen haben stattgefunden und finden immer noch statt? Was bedeutet dies für das Feld der Freiwilligendienstbegleitung und für die Felder Sozialer Arbeit, in denen viele FSJler_innen tätig sind?
The Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale (BSAS): factor structure, longitudinal measurement invariance, and temporal stability across a two-year interval
Authors: Gomez Rapson , Stavropoulos Vasileios , Brown Taylor
Published: August 2024

The Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale (BSAS; Andreassen et al., 2015) is a theory driven self-rating questionnaire for assessing shopping addiction. The current study employed Confirmatory Factor Analysis to examine its factor structure, and its longitudinal measurement invariance among adult participants (N = 276) aged 18 to 62 years (mean = 31.86 years; SD = 9.94 years) over a two-year period, with assessments conducted at three time points. Overall, there was support for full measurement invariance (configural, metric, scalar, and error variance invariance). Additionally, there was support for temporal stability and equivalency for the BSAS total mean scores across the three time points. The psychometric and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Developing a dynamic/adaptive geofencing algorithm for HVTT cargo security in road transport
Authors: Kuna Jakub , Czerwiński Dariusz , Janicki Wojciech , Filipek Piotr
Published: August 2024

Cargo security is one of the most critical issues in modern logistics. For high-value theft-targeted (HVTT) cargo the driving phase of transportation takes up a major part of thefts. Dozen fleet management solutions based on GNSS positioning were introduced in recent years. Existing tracking solutions barely meet the requirements of TAPA 2020. Map-matching algorithms present valuable ideas on handling GNSS inaccuracy, however, universal map-matching methods are overcomplicated. Commercial map data providers require additional fees for the use of real-time map-matching functionality. In addition, at the map-matching stage, information on the actual distance from which the raw data was captured is lost. In HVTT security, the distance between the raw GNSS position and map-matched position can be used as a quantitative security factor. The goal of this research was to provide empirical data for TAPA TSR 2020 Level 1 certification in terms of tracking vehicles during typical operating conditions (cargo loading, routing, transportation, stopover, unloading) as well as detecting any geofencing violations. The Dynamic Geofencing Algorithm (DGA) presented in this article was developed for this specific purpose and this is the first known pulication to examine TAPA Standarization in terms of cargo positioning and fleet monitoring. The DGA is adaptive geometric-based matching (alternately curve-to-curve, point-to-curve, point-to-point). The idea behind the algorithm is to detect and eliminate the atypical matching circumstances—namely if the raw position is registered at one of the exceptions described in the paper. The problem of dynamic/adaptive cartographic projection is also addressed so that the robus Euclidean calculactions could be used in global scale.
Self-harm, Suicide, and ICD-11 Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Treatment-Seeking Adolescents with Major Depression
Authors: Liu Huanzhong , Ho Grace W.K. , Karatzias Thanos , Shevlin Mark , Wong Kwan Ho , Hyland Philip
Published: August 2024

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is linked with self-harm and suicide, but few studies have examined these severe outcomes in relation to complex trauma. This study examined the associations between self-harm and suicide-related phenomena with ICD-11 complex PTSD (CPTSD) among treatment-seeking youths. A convenience sample of 109 adolescents with major depression (69.7% female; mean age = 15.24) were recruited from an outpatient psychiatric clinic. Participants completed measures for ICD-11 CPTSD, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), self-harm behaviors, and past-year history of four suicide-related phenomena. Relationships between each self-harm and suicide-related variable with CPTSD were assessed at the symptom and diagnostic levels. Participants reported an average of three ACEs; 33.9% met diagnostic requirements for ICD-11 CPTSD. Past-year suicidal thought and attempt, but not self-harm, significantly associated with CPTSD status. At the symptom level, self-harm associated with CPTSD total symptom and all symptom clusters scores, with strongest associations found with symptoms of negative self-concept. CPTSD total symptom scores also associated strongly with past-year history of suicidal thought, plan, and attempt; the three core PTSD symptom clusters scores consistently and strongly linked with these suicide-related phenomena. For symptoms of complex trauma, relationship disturbances associated with having a suicide attempt, and negative self-concept associated with both having a plan and an attempt. Assessing and targeting ICD-11 CPTSD symptoms have potential to reduce self-harm and suicidality in young people experiencing mental distress, particularly for those with a trauma history and regardless of whether they meet criteria for a diagnosable trauma response.
Pichia pastoris composition expressed aerolysin mutant of Aeromonas veronii as an oral vaccine evaluated in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Yao Yuan-Yuan , Zhang Qing-Shuang , Liu Shu-Bin , Yang Hong-Wei , Chen Xing-Yu , Yang Ya-Lin , Gao Chen-Chen , Ran Chao , Teame Tsegay , Zhang Zhen , Zhou Zhi-Gang
Published: August 2024

Vaccines are one of the most practical means to stop the spreading of Aeromonas veronii in aquaculture. In this study, virulence factor aerolysin mutant NTaer which has lost its hemolytic activity was used as a target antigen. Pichia pastoris constitutive secretory expression NTaer (GS115-NTaer) was used as a potential safe oral vaccine to evaluate its effectiveness on zebrafish immunity. The result shows that vaccination of GS115- NTaer for four weeks did not affect the growth performance of the host, while eliciting an effective immune protective response. Compared with the control group, the GS115-NTaer could significantly up-regulate the relative expression level of the intestinal tight junction protein 1α (TJP1α) gene, and significantly increased the contents of lysozyme (LYZ), complement C3 and C4 in the gut, indicating that the innate immune response of the fish was activated. The relative gene expression levels of macrophage-expressed gene 1 (MPEG1) and T cell receptor (TCR-α) in the gut, and MPEG1, CD4, CD8, TCR-α, GATA3, and T-bet in the spleen were all increased significantly, indicating that the cellular immune response of the fish was activated. Furthermore, the contents of serum IgM and intestinal mucosa IgZ antibodies were significantly increased, which showed that humoral immunity was also activated. Moreover, inoculation with GS115-NTaer significantly changed the structure of gut microbiota. In particular, the relative ratio of (Firmicutes + Fusobacteriota + Bacteroidota)/Proteobacteria was significantly higher than that of the control and GS115 groups. Lastly, the vaccinated fish were challenged with A. veronii, and the relative percent survival of GS115 and the GS115-NTear groups was 14.28% and 33.43%. This improvement of immunity was not only due to the specific immune response but also attributed to the improvement of innate immunity and the gut microbiota which was demonstrated by the germ-free zebrafish model. Collectively, this study provides information on the effectiveness of GS115-NTear as an oral vaccine for the green prevention and control of A. veronii infection in fish aquaculture.
Lessons from Canada for green procurement strategy design
Authors: Migone A. , Howlett M. , Howlett A.
Published: August 2024

We derive lessons for green public procurement (GPP) by examining it in the context of Canadian federal government expenditures in several sectors. These show that successful GPP is neither simple nor automatic but requires alignment of green policy visions between payers, purchasers and producers, and the existence of appropriate procurement frameworks to allow this alignment to persist. Attaining and maintaining this alignment longitudinally is especially difficult as priorities, and governments can change over time, ‘de-aligning’ any initial agreement on the merits of the strategy behind ‘strategic procurement’ of any kind. While less acute for short-term procurement, this problem exists for many longer-term green procurement projects and can lead to government attempts to downplay long-term efforts and seek less complex short-term purchases where alignment is easier to establish and maintain but where green efforts may be less impactful. These dynamics are illustrated in the case of green procurement efforts  made in  Canadian federal programmes including the little-examined but important defence sector.
Ballot Roll-Off in the 2021 Alberta Senate Nominee Election: Political Identities and Participation Patterns
Authors: McGregor R. Michael , Lucas Jack
Published: August 2024

In 2021, Alberta held Senate nominee elections for the fifth time in the province's history. Conducted concurrently with municipal elections and multiple referenda/plebiscites, the Senate race had a much lower participation rate than any of the other votes held that day. The purpose of this research note is to identify patterns of ballot roll-off—the phenomenon whereby electors cast a ballot for one race but not another—in the Senate election. Using data from a three-wave survey of Calgarians, the note describes the attitudes of electors toward the Senate election, revealing that electors viewed it as less important than any of the other votes contested that day. It also considers the role of partisan and geographic identities in shaping participation rates. Survey data reveal that both types of identities are associated with roll-off in the Senate election but not any of the other votes with which it was held concurrently.
Earthquakes Trigger Rapid Flash Boiling Front at Optimal Geologic Conditions
Authors: Sanchez‐Alfaro P. , Wallis I. , Iturrieta P. , Rowland J. , Dempsey D. , O’Sullivan J. , Reich M. , Cembrano J.
Published: August 2024

The interplay between seismic activity and fluid flow is essential during the evolution of hydrothermal systems. Although earthquakes can trigger transient fluid flow and phase changes in dilational jogs, the temporal scale and the geologic conditions that enhance such process are poorly quantified. Here, we use numerical simulations of deformation and fluid flow to constrain the conditions that maximize adiabatic boiling—referred to as flashing—and estimate the extent and duration of such process. We show that there is an optimal geometry for a dilational jog that maximizes co‐seismic flashing within the jog. Fluid flow simulations indicate that the duration, intensity, and propagation of the flashing front are limited and highly dependent on the magnitude of the co‐seismic slip and the initial pressure‐enthalpy conditions. Our results are valuable to better understand the implications of pressure fluctuations during the seismogenic cycle, as well the mineralization processes in the Earth's crust.
Methane in Two Stream Networks: Similar Contributions From Groundwater and Local Sediments While Oxidation Was a Large Sink Controlling Atmospheric Emissions
Authors: Balathandayuthabani S. , Panneer Selvam B. , Gålfalk M. , Saetre P. , Peura S. , Kautsky U. , Klemedtsson L. , Arunachalam L. , Vellingiri G. , Bastviken D.
Published: August 2024

Streams are important sources of methane (CH4) to the atmosphere but magnitudes and regulation of stream CH4 fluxes remain uncertain. Stream CH4 can come from groundwater and/or produced in anoxic sediments. A fraction can be microbially oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO2) when passing redox gradients in soil, sediment, or water, while the fraction escaping oxidation is emitted to the atmosphere. The relative importance of the CH4 sources (groundwater inputs vs. sediment production) and the fraction oxidized is typically unknown, yet key for the regulation and magnitude of stream emissions. In this study, we followed the transport of CH4 from below‐stream soils to the stream water surface and to the atmosphere using a combination of CH4 concentration and stable carbon isotope gradient measurements, high resolution stream flux and discharge assessments, and inverse mass‐balance modeling. Sampling was done in multiple locations in the stream network of two independent catchments in Sweden to consider spatial variability. We show that the surface water, sub‐surface, and groundwater CH4 concentration, CH4 oxidation, and emission were highly variable in space. Our results indicate that the variability could be related to stream morphology and soil characteristics. Of the total CH4 input into the streams, roughly half of it was estimated to come from groundwater CH4 in both catchments (39% and 57%; the rest from sediment production), and most of the CH4 was oxidized (97%–99%) before emission to the atmosphere. Our results indicate that CH4 oxidation is a major sink for CH4 in the studied streams.
Time Constraints on the Late Cenozoic Fault Evolution Along the Northern Margin of the Iranian Plateau in the Arabia‐Eurasia Collision Zone
Authors: Khodaparast Sedigheh , Madanipour Saeed , Enkelmann Eva , Hessami Khaled , Nozaem Reza
Published: August 2024

The collisional Iranian Plateau and its recent kinematic evolution represent a natural example to study the intraplate response to the transferred deformation from an active convergent plate margin. The late Cenozoic deformation and structural evolution of the Plateau is not well understood. Here, we integrate structural, tectonostratigraphic, and morphotectonic field observations with low‐temperature thermochronometric data along the NW‐SE trending Kushk‐e‐Nosrat (KN) Fault to unravel the exhumation history and the kinematic change at the northwestern boundary of the Iranian Plateau. We found different sets of strike‐slip related structures along the KN Fault zone, which are classified into four categories based on their cross‐cutting relations and the superimposition of kinematic indicators. These include dextral transtension, dextral, dextral transpression, and sinistral kinematics. The unreset zircon (U‐Th)/He and apatite fission track results and the reset apatite (U‐Th)/He data from the restraining area along the KN Fault suggest 80–60°C of cooling during the early Miocene (∼20–18 Ma) and late Miocene–early Pliocene (∼7–5 Ma) due to dextral and dextral transpressional kinematics along the KN Fault zone, respectively. The dextral transtentional faulting was recorded as deposition of the Qom Formation within the releasing overlap areas along the KN Fault at >20–18 Ma. The kinematics of the KN Fault changed to sinistral during Pliocene–Quaternary times presumably triggered by the simultaneous clockwise rotation of central Iran, Alborz Mountains, and the South Caspian block. Our study proposes that the morphological and tectonostratigraphic evolution of the northern margin of the Iranian Plateau has mainly been controlled through local uplift and exhumation in restraining areas and local thick deposition in releasing areas of the major strike‐slip faults during the late Cenozoic time.
Exploring Uplift Mechanisms Across the Forearc of a Subduction System: Karpathos Island as a Natural Transect Across the Eastern Hellenic Margin
Authors: Veliz‐Borel Violeta , Mouslopoulou Vasiliki , Glodny Johannes , Begg John , Metzger Sabrina , Sakellariou Dimitris , Oncken Onno
Published: August 2024

Sets of marine terraces, sediments, and paleoshorelines are commonly found in forearc regions worldwide. A common assumption holds that crustal uplift prevents these features from littoral erosion. Here, we study the vertical deformation of Karpathos, a forearc island in the eastern Mediterranean, whose long axis extends at a high angle to the strike of the Hellenic Subduction System (HSS). We target three key coastal localities along the island to discuss spatial and temporal variability of vertical motion. We mapped sets of up to 19 marine terraces per locality, with elevations ranging from 1.5 to ∼350 masl. Ages for terraces and sediments are constrained by radiocarbon (<31 masl) and Sr‐isotope (2–310 masl) dating, and range from 2.4 ka to ∼4.3 Ma. Data analysis shows that average uplift rates are up to two orders of magnitude faster over shorter (⪅100 ka) than longer (⪆100 ka) timescales, in agreement with other local and global data sets. Further, we find evidence for multiple marine reoccupations of late Pleistocene terraces, indicating that carbonate beachrock is often resistant to multiple interactions with sea‐level. Neogene marine sequences that witness longer periods (∼4 Ma) show signs of alternating vertical motion. Using this novel data set, we explore the effects of various mechanisms (i.e., upper‐plate normal faulting, splay‐thrust faulting, basal underplating) on the spatial and temporal patterns of vertical deformation. Although the contribution of each mechanism to the net vertical deformation cannot be isolated with certainty, our results show that none alone could account for the observations.
Ongoing Activity at Hunga Submarine Volcano, Tonga: The Case for Better Monitoring of Submarine Volcanoes Worldwide
Authors: Walker Sharon L. , de Ronde Cornel E. J.
Published: August 2024

The powerful eruption of Hunga volcano (15‐January‐2022) excavated ∼6.3 km3 of pre‐existing material, leaving behind an 855 m deep crater. The scientific and humanitarian response to this event was challenging due to the remote location, safety concerns, and COVID‐19 pandemic restrictions. To investigate the status of ongoing eruptive/hydrothermal activity, this study used, for the first time, an un‐crewed surface vessel operated remotely from >16,000 km away to make direct water column measurements within the crater and map its structure in detail. Intense turbidity and oxidation‐reduction potential (ORP) anomalies located ongoing activity at sites on the steep inside crater slopes near both remaining islands. Mid‐water acoustic reflectors indicated ongoing degassing, and positive ORP anomalies suggested gas composition was dominated by CO2. At least 75% of the crater rim is shallower than 100 m, so any exchange with the surrounding ocean is limited by the depths of breaches in the rim (185 m between the islands and 290 m on the ENE side). This post‐eruption bathymetry results in accumulation of emission products within the deep crater. There were no indications of the ongoing activity visible at the ocean surface, which highlights the limitations and inherent biases associated with relying on discolored surface water and/or atmospheric disturbances to determine eruption start/end dates at submarine volcanoes. This study demonstrates the value and need to add repeat hydrothermal plume and bathymetric surveys to our toolbox for monitoring submarine volcanoes, and the potential for un‐crewed, remotely operated vessels to contribute significantly to these efforts.
Charge Structure and Lightning Discharge in a Thunderstorm Over the Central Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Liu Dongxia , Li Fengquan , Qie Xiushu , Sun Zhuling , Wang Yu , Yuan Shanfeng , Sun Chunfa , Zhu Kexin , Wei Lei , Lyu Huimin , Jiang Rubin
Published: August 2024

The evolution of charge structure involved in lightning discharge of a thunderstorm over the central Tibetan Plateau is investigated for the first time, based on the data from very high frequency interferometer, radar and sounding. During the developing‐mature stage, the TP thunderstorm exhibited a tripolar charge structure evolved from an initial inverted dipole. At the mature stage, a bottom‐heavy tripole charge structure is clearly presented, with a strong lower positive charge center (LPCC) at temperatures above −10°C, a middle negative charge region between −30°C and −15°C, and an upper positive charge region at T < −30°C. As the LPCC was depleted, the charge structure evolved into a normal tripole with a pocket LPCC. The merging between different convective cells resulted in the formation of two adjacent negative charge regions located directly and obliquely above the LPCC, and horizontally arranged different charge regions were simultaneously involved in the same lightning discharge.
A Statistical Study of the Vertical Scale Height of the Martian Ionosphere Using MAVEN Observations
Authors: Liu Wendong , Liu Libo , Chen Yiding , Le Huijun , Yang Yuyan , Li Wenbo , Ma Han , Zhang Hui
Published: August 2024

The Vertical Scale Height (VSH) is a crucial parameter that describes the shape of the ionospheric electron density profile. Evidence suggests a complex relationship between VSH and the thermal structure and dynamics of the ionosphere. A statistical study was conducted on the VSH at low altitudes (175 km) and high altitudes (300 km) in the Martian ionosphere, using data from the MAVEN observations from 2014 to 2023. The results suggest that the influence of the crustal magnetic field on VSH175 is more pronounced than on VSH300. VSH175 shows a minor peak around −20° latitudes, which is more than 7% higher than the average value, and an increasing trend with latitude in the northern hemisphere. VSH300 is higher in the southern hemisphere than in the northern hemisphere, especially in summer, by approximately 42.1%. Regarding the local time variation of VSH, we observed an increasing trend from midnight to morning and a decreasing trend from dusk to midnight in almost all conditions. The local time variation of VSH also exhibits seasonal and latitudinal dependence. These variations have different levels of consistency with the gradient of the electron temperature (Te) and the collision frequency between charged particles and neutrals. Specifically, the correlation coefficient between VSH175 and the collision frequency between charged particles and neutrals reaches as high as 0.93 in the northern hemisphere winter and southern hemisphere summer. The correlation coefficient between VSH300 and the gradient of the Te reaches up to 0.72 in the southern hemisphere equinox.
Seasonal Carbon Budget Succession in Lake Erie's Western Basin
Authors: Eveleth Rachel , Gabor Rachel S. , Gaffney Katherine M. , Chaffin Justin D. , Goda Abigail , Pendley Orion , Stanislawczyk Keara
Published: August 2024

Lake Erie's Western Basin is a eutrophic region and likely hotspot for carbon transformation. While this basin has received much attention for its high nutrient loads from the Maumee River and recurring harmful algal blooms, carbon has gone understudied. To investigate the seasonal and spatial variability in inorganic and organic carbon budgets, we completed three surveys in spring, summer, and fall on a transect from the Maumee River to South Bass Island. In each survey, we observed higher spatial variability of all carbon species within 11 km of the Maumee River mouth relative to sites outside of Maumee Bay. This variability was driven by pulses of direct river water carbon, steep nutrient gradients, and patchy bloom conditions. Seasonal variability was also greater in Maumee Bay, with the highest river discharge in June adding large amounts of dissolved inorganic and organic carbon and pCO2 flux out of the water when productivity from the diatom bloom was smaller. In August, when and where we observed a Microcystis bloom, particulate organic carbon increased in concentration, and pCO2 flux switched directions into the water. In October, Chl‐a concentrations and oxygen saturations were lowest, indicating a seasonal slowdown in productivity, and river discharge was the lowest, resulting in the lowest total carbon observed and dissolved organic matter chemistry indicating less contribution from the terrestrial watershed. In the open water outside of Maumee Bay seasonal and spatial carbon budget dynamics were more stable, highlighting the importance of riverine inputs on lake carbon cycling.
Quantitatively Distinguishing the Factors Driving Runoff and Sediment Yield Variations in Karst Watersheds
Authors: Cheng Si , Yu Xingxiu , Li Zhenwei , Xu Xianli , Wang Kelin
Published: August 2024

Due to the coupled or interconnected relationships among frequent climate extremes, unique geological conditions, discontinuous soil distribution, rugged geomorphology, and highly heterogeneous landscapes in different karst watersheds, few studies were conducted to decouple the relative magnitudes of the climate, lithology, soil, topography, and landscape on soil erosion in karst regions. The objective of this study was to quantify the relative importance of these influencing factors on runoff and sediment yield (SY) in 40 typical karst watersheds in southwest China. To address this issue, the Pearson correlation and random forest were first to select the dominant factors influencing runoff and SY. Subsequently, the partial least squares‐structural equation model (PLS‐SEM) was used to decouple the complex relationships among runoff, SY and their potential influencing factors. Results showed that climate, lithology, soil, topography and landscape could explain 79% of the runoff variation, and only climate factors have significant impact on runoff for heterogeneous karst watersheds (P < 0.01, path coefficient (β) = 0.589). The explanation of five factors to SY variability is 59%, and the landscape has the greatest impact on SY (P < 0.01, β = −0.458). Different from runoff, climatic factors have no significant influence on SY. By elucidating a complex coupled relationship framework, this study can provide a scientific basis for the formulation of soil and water loss program, and the optimization of land resources and ecological environment sustainable development in karst watersheds.
Organismal metabolism regulates the expansion of oncogenic PIK3CA mutant clones in normal esophagus
Authors: Herms Albert , Colom Bartomeu , Piedrafita Gabriel , Kalogeropoulou Argyro , Banerjee Ujjwal , King Charlotte , Abby Emilie , Murai Kasumi , Caseda Irene , Fernandez-Antoran David , Ong Swee Hoe , Hall Michael W. J. , Bryant Christopher , Sood Roshan K. , Fowler Joanna C. , Pol Albert , Frezza Christian , Vanhaesebroeck Bart , Jones Philip H.
Published: August 2024

Oncogenic PIK3CA mutations generate large clones in aging human esophagus. Here we investigate the behavior of Pik3ca mutant clones in the normal esophageal epithelium of transgenic mice. Expression of a heterozygous Pik3caH1047R mutation drives clonal expansion by tilting cell fate toward proliferation. CRISPR screening and inhibitor treatment of primary esophageal keratinocytes confirmed the PI3K–mTOR pathway increased mutant cell competitive fitness. The antidiabetic drug metformin reduced mutant cell advantage in vivo and in vitro. Conversely, metabolic conditions such as type 1 diabetes or diet-induced obesity enhanced the competitive fitness of Pik3caH1047R cells. Consistently, we found a higher density of PIK3CA gain-of-function mutations in the esophagus of individuals with high body mass index compared with those with normal weight. We conclude that the metabolic environment selectively influences the evolution of the normal epithelial mutational landscape. Clinically feasible interventions to even out signaling imbalances between wild-type and mutant cells may limit the expansion of oncogenic mutants in normal tissues.
Restoration of defective oxidative phosphorylation to a subset of neurons prevents mitochondrial encephalopathy
Authors: Walker Brittni R , Theard Lise-Michelle , Pinto Milena , Rodriguez-Silva Monica , Bacman Sandra R , Moraes Carlos T
Published: August 2024

Oxidative Phosphorylation (OXPHOS) defects can cause severe encephalopathies and no effective treatment exists for these disorders. To assess the ability of gene replacement to prevent disease progression, we subjected two different CNS-deficient mouse models (Ndufs3/complex I or Cox10/complex IV conditional knockouts) to gene therapy. We used retro-orbitally injected AAV-PHP.eB to deliver the missing gene to the CNS of these mice. In both cases, we observed survival extension from 5–6 to more than 15 months, with no detectable disease phenotypes. Likewise, molecular and cellular phenotypes were mostly recovered in the treated mice. Surprisingly, these remarkable phenotypic improvements were achieved with only ~30% of neurons expressing the transgene from the AAV-PHP.eB vector in the conditions used. These findings suggest that neurons lacking OXPHOS are protected by the surrounding neuronal environment and that partial compensation for neuronal OXPHOS loss can have disproportionately positive effects.
Novel immunotherapeutics against LGR5 to target multiple cancer types
Authors: Chen Hung-Chang , Mueller Nico , Stott Katherine , Kapeni Chrysa , Rivers Eilidh , Sauer Carolin M , Beke Flavio , Walsh Stephen J , Ashman Nicola , O’Brien Louise , Rafati Fard Amir , Ghodsinia Arman , Li Changtai , Joud Fadwa , Giger Olivier , Zlobec Inti , Olan Ioana , Aitken Sarah J , Hoare Matthew , Mair Richard , Serrao Eva , Brenton James D , Garcia-Gimenez Alicia , Richardson Simon E , Huntly Brian , Spring David R , Skjoedt Mikkel-Ole , Skjødt Karsten , de la Roche Marc , de la Roche Maike
Published: August 2024

We have developed and validated a highly specific, versatile antibody to the extracellular domain of human LGR5 (α-LGR5). α-LGR5 detects LGR5 overexpression in >90% of colorectal cancer (CRC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and pre-B-ALL tumour cells and was used to generate an Antibody-Drug Conjugate (α-LGR5-ADC), Bispecific T-cell Engager (α-LGR5-BiTE) and Chimeric Antigen Receptor (α-LGR5-CAR). α-LGR5-ADC was the most effective modality for targeting LGR5+ cancer cells in vitro and demonstrated potent anti-tumour efficacy in a murine model of human NALM6 pre-B-ALL driving tumour attrition to less than 1% of control treatment. α-LGR5-BiTE treatment was less effective in the pre-B-ALL cancer model yet promoted a twofold reduction in tumour burden. α-LGR5-CAR-T cells also showed specific and potent LGR5+ cancer cell killing in vitro and effective tumour targeting with a fourfold decrease in pre-B-ALL tumour burden relative to controls. Taken together, we show that α-LGR5 can not only be used as a research tool and a biomarker but also provides a versatile building block for a highly effective immune therapeutic portfolio targeting a range of LGR5-expressing cancer cells.
Construction of binary metal–organic cage-based materials via a “covalently linked plus cage encapsulated” strategy
Authors: Lai Pei , Wu Jia-Xuan , Wu Liang-Hua , Li Lai-Yi , Cai Song-Liang , Zheng Sheng-Run
Published: August 2024

A new type of binary metal–organic cage-based material was constructed by a “covalently linked plus cage encapsulated” strategy, and this material showed improved porosity and adsorption performance compared with those of related unary materials.
In situ green architecture of the 3D FeZn–N–C based electrocatalyst for efficient oxygen reduction
Authors: Fu Kui , Ma Biao , Liu Jianling , Zhou Meng , Xing Yihai , Wei Xiangfeng , Meng Fancheng , Liu Jiehua
Published: August 2024

A green in situ method was proposed to synthesize a 3D FeZn–N–C-based catalyst with 1D Fe–N–C carbon nanotubes on MOF-5 derived 2D carbon.
Concise synthesis of 3-C-glycosyl isocoumarins and 2-glycosyl-4H-chromen-4-ones
Authors: Liu Deng-Yin , Ruan Yu-Jun , Wang Xiao-Li , Hu Xin-Yue , Wang Peng-Fei , Wen Miao-Miao , Zhang Cong-Zhen , Xiao Yu-He , Liu Xu-Ge
Published: August 2024

A novel Ru-catalyzed C–H activation/cyclization reaction is described for the efficient synthesis of 3-C-glycosyl isocoumarins and 2-glycosyl-4H-chromen-4-ones utilizing carbonyl sulfoxonium ylide glycogen as a key reagent.
Sustaining syngas production at a near-unity H2/CO ratio in the photo-induced dry reforming of methane independent of the reactant gas composition
Authors: Kaneko Hiroaki , Cho Yohei , Sugimura Tomotaka , Hashimoto Ayako , Yamaguchi Akira , Miyauchi Masahiro
Published: August 2024

A syngas was generated at a near-unity H2/CO ratio independent of the reactant gas composition over Rh-loaded strontium titanate in the photo-induced dry reforming of methane.
Through thickness anisotropy in all inorganic perovskite thin films via two-step synthesis: implications for voltaic devices
Authors: Yin Yanting , Garcia-Quintana Laura , Chapsky Alexandra , Llusca Jane Marta , Evans Drew R.
Published: August 2024

Stoichiometry anisotropy through the thickness of the promising photovoltaic material Cesium-lead-bromide (CsPbBr3) is observed, impacting the energy band levels and work function across the thin film.
Multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence polymers for high-efficiency and narrowband solution-processed green OLEDs
Authors: Xu Ke , Li Nengquan , Lin Hong , Ye Zeyuan , Jiang Pengcheng , Miao Jingsheng , Cao Xiaosong , Yang Chuluo
Published: August 2024

Friedel–Crafts polyhydroxyalkylation affords polymeric emitters for solution-processed green OLEDs with narrowband emission and a maximum EQE of 19.4%.
Long-wavelength triggered iridium(iii) complex nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy against hypoxic cancer
Authors: Liu Shengnan , Wang Ziwei , Wu Zihan , Chen Haoran , Zhu Dongxia , Li Gungzhe , Yan Mingming , Bryce Martin R. , Chang Yulei
Published: August 2024

Nanoparticles incorporating an Ir(iii) complex are photosensitisers that generate types I and II reactive oxygen species upon 655 nm laser irradiation and achieve photodynamic therapy in hypoxic cancer cells by targeting mitochondria.
Photoactivable malachite green-based alkynylplatinum(ii) 2,6-bis(N-alkylbenzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine complexes
Authors: Cheung Andy Shun-Hoi , Leung Ming-Yi , Fung Tony Ho-Ching , Yam Vivian Wing-Wah
Published: August 2024

Alkynylplatinum(ii) bzimpy complexes with photoactivable malachite green exhibit distinct self-assembly properties before and after photo-removal of the cyano group, which are brought about by the changes in the metal–metal and π–π interactions.
CoNiCuCrS alloy nanoparticles: synthesis and atomically resolved T/STEM studies
Authors: Rufino da Silva Carlos E. , Bahena Uribe Daniel , Velázquez Salazar J. Jesús , Karna Dilip , Agyei-Mensah Joelin , Yacamán Miguel José
Published: August 2024

Multimetallic alloy nanoparticles as a model for bulk high entropy alloy studies.
A layered metastructure for privacy protection based on the Brewster angle
Authors: Xu Hao-Ran , Wan Bao-Fei , Zhang Hai-Feng
Published: August 2024

In this paper, a kind of layered metastructure (LMS) is proposed by stacking multi-layer dielectric plates.
A solution-processable benzothiazole-substituted formazanate zinc(ii) complex designed for a robust resistive memory device
Authors: Birara Sunita , Saini Shalu , Majumder Moumita , Tiwari Shree Prakash , Metre Ramesh K.
Published: August 2024

A novel mononuclear bis(formazanate)zinc complex (1) based on a redox-active formazan ligand has been synthesized and further utilized as an active material for the fabrication of a resistive memory device.
Realizing an anolyte utilization rate of 99% in low-cost zinc-based flow batteries by rejuvenating dead zinc
Authors: Wang Shengnan , Li Tianyu , Yuan Chenguang , Zhu Jiaxiong , Li Pei , Zhang Shaoce , Wei Zhiquan , Wang Yiqiao , Li Xianfeng , Zhi Chunyi
Published: August 2024

The electrochemical oxidation of dead zinc by Bi2O3 effectively converts the exfoliated zinc into Zn(OH)42− back to the anolyte, thereby extending the cycle life of alkaline zinc–iron flow batteries with anolyte utilization rate up to 99%.
Active site switching on high entropy phosphides as bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for rechargeable/robust Zn–air battery
Authors: He Ren , Wang Shiqi , Yang Linlin , Horta Sharona , Ding Yang , Di Chong , Zhang Xuesong , Xu Ying , Ibáñez Maria , Zhou Yingtang , Mebs Stefan , Dau Holger , Hausmann Jan Niklas , Huo Wenyi , Menezes Prashanth W. , Cabot Andreu
Published: August 2024

FeCoNiPdWP exhibit excellent oxygen evolution and reduction reaction performance via all elements playing distinctive roles and the switchable active sites in redox reactions, leading to robust zinc air batteries.
Non-conjugated linkage enabling a quinone-based cathode material with long cycle life and high energy density for aqueous zinc batteries
Authors: Lin Lu , Xue Zhiqing , Qiu Tong , Zhu Jiaqi , Zhang Guoli , Zhan Hongtu , Wang Kuo , Sun Xiaoqi
Published: August 2024

A phenyl cross-linked tri-p-benzoquinone cathode realizes 150 000 cycle life with 143 mA h g−1 capacity retained at 100 A g−1.
The KNW rutile—a natural reference material for microbeam U–Pb age and trace element determination
Authors: Meng Jia , Wu Shitou , Wang Hao , Yang Yueheng , Huang Chao , Zhang Chao , Yang Wenqiang , Tu Jiarun , Yang Shuiyuan , Ma Qian , Wang Qian , Xu Lei , Xie Liewen
Published: August 2024

Rutile is an accessory mineral that is widely distributed in magmatic, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks.
Electronically actuated artificial hinged cilia for efficient bidirectional pumping
Authors: Wang Wei , Tanasijevic Ivan , Zhang Jinsong , Lauga Eric , Cohen Itai
Published: August 2024

An electronically actuated artificial hinged ciliary platform capable of generating efficient bidirectional pumping at the microscale.
Quaternized carbon dots as efficient catalysts for CO2 cycloaddition under solvent- and cocatalyst-free conditions
Authors: Yu Jinfa , Sun Xiangying
Published: August 2024

Novel quaternized carbon dots were synthesized through a microwave method. Br1-CD showed the best catalytic activity and selectivity for CO2 cycloaddition with styrene oxide to 4-phenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one under suitable conditions.
Construction of an off–on fluorescence sensing platform for FRET-based detection of coumarin in cosmetic samples
Authors: Xu Ruo-Qian , Shi Cai , Dong Xue-Mei , Xiao Xuan , Ding Yu-Jie
Published: August 2024

An off–on nanoprobe was constructed by attaching Rh6G to QDs via a linker. The UV-Vis absorption spectrum of Rh6G overlaps with the fluorescence emission spectrum of the QDs, causing FRET-based coumarin-sensing with high sensitivity and selectivity.
Preparation of MIL-53(Al) with different ligands for application in the glucose transformation to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Zhang Yongzhao , Chen Xuzheng , Zhou Yunlei , Feng Tao , Zhu Zhenya , Lv Luping , Liu Yifan
Published: August 2024

Efficient transformation of glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) through the synergistic interaction of Lewis acid, Brønsted acid, and basic sites in MIL-53(Al).
Investigation of the effect of O doping on the Li-ion mobility of Li3PS4 solid-state electrolytes: an ab initio molecular dynamics study
Authors: Ma Leijuan , Yuan Kai , Zhang Jifang , Wu Chen , Zhao Xiaoyang
Published: August 2024

The new channel brought by O doping can transform two-dimensional transport into a three-dimensional transport network for a Li3PS4 solid-state electrolyte.
Story Recall in Peer Conflict Resolution Discourse Task to Identify Older Adults Testing Within Range of Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Wilson Sarah C. , Teghipco Alex , Sayers Sara , Newman-Norlund Roger , Newman-Norlund Sarah , Fridriksson Julius
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

The current study used behavioral measures of discourse complexity and story recall accuracy in an expository discourse task to distinguish older adults testing within range of cognitive impairment according to a standardized cognitive screening tool in a sample of self-reported healthy older adults.

Method:

Seventy-three older adults who self-identified as healthy completed an expository discourse task and neuropsychological screener. Discourse data were used to classify participants testing within range of cognitive impairment using multiple machine learning algorithms and stability analysis for identifying reliably predictive features in an effort to maximize prediction accuracy. We hypothesized that a higher rate of pronoun use and lower scores on story recall would best classify older adults testing within range of cognitive impairment.

Results:

The highest classification accuracy exploited a single variable in a remarkably intuitive way: using 66% story recall as a cutoff for cognitive impairment. Forcing this decision tree model to use more features or increasing its complexity did not improve accuracy. Permutation testing confirmed that the 77% accuracy and 0.18 Brier skill score achieved by the model were statistically significant (
p
< .00001).

Conclusions:

These results suggest that expository discourse tasks that place demands on executive functions, such as working memory, can be used to identify aging adults who test within range of cognitive impairment. Accurate representation of story elements in working memory is critical for coherent discourse. Our simple yet highly accurate predictive model of expository discourse provides a promising assessment for easy identification of cognitive impairment in older adults.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26543824
A linear MPC with control barrier functions for differential drive robots
Authors: Ali Ali Mohamed , Shen Chao , Hashim Hashim A.
Published: August 2024

The need for fully autonomous mobile robots has surged over the past decade, with the imperative of ensuring safe navigation in a dynamic setting emerging as a primary challenge impeding advancements in this domain. In this article, a Safety Critical Model Predictive Control based on Dynamic Feedback Linearization tailored to the application of differential drive robots with two wheels is proposed to generate control signals that result in obstacle‐free paths. A barrier function introduces a safety constraint to the optimization problem of the Model Predictive Control (MPC) to prevent collisions. Due to the intrinsic nonlinearities of the differential drive robots, computational complexity while implementing a Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) arises. To facilitate the real‐time implementation of the optimization problem and to accommodate the underactuated nature of the robot, a combination of Linear Model Predictive Control (LMPC) and Dynamic Feedback Linearization (DFL) is proposed. The MPC problem is formulated on a linear equivalent model of the differential drive robot rendered by the DFL controller. The analysis of the closed‐loop stability and recursive feasibility of the proposed control design is discussed. Numerical experiments illustrate the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed control synthesis in avoiding obstacles with respect to the benchmark of using Euclidean distance constraints.
Optimized operation of integrated electricity‐HCNG systems with distributed hydrogen injecting
Authors: Yang Kun , Deng Yulong , Li Chunyan , Yi Derong , Liu Yang , Hu Bo , Shao Changzhen
Published: August 2024

Green hydrogen, the cleanest energy carrier, is receiving increased attention in recent years. Transporting hydrogen through a natural gas system (NGS) will significantly promote the use of hydrogen, moreover, hydrogen‐enriched compressed natural gas (HCNG) has great potential for renewable energy accommodation. To solve the problem of altered gas flow caused by hydrogen injection into natural gas networks, an optimized operation model of integrated electricity‐HCNG systems (IEHCNGS) with distributed hydrogen injecting is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a calculating model of hydrogen volume fraction based on minimum square summation and depth‐first search is established to describe the gas flow distribution of NGS accurately. Secondly, a quantitative method of gas supply reliability based on maximum entropy is proposed to ensure the safe operation of the system. Finally, an optimization model of IEHCNGS is established considering the coupling constraints of the integrated system and the reliability of NGS. The case study shows that the hydrogen volume fraction calculation model can correct the heat value of gas in each pipeline in real‐time, the maximum entropy model helps to improve the gas supply reliability of NGS, and the distributed hydrogen injecting mode is more capable of accommodating renewable energy.
Dynamic partitioning of island smart distribution systems in emergencies
Authors: Hosseini Najafabadi Zahra , Akbari Foroud Asghar
Published: August 2024

When a severe fault occurs in the distribution network, all or parts of it may be disconnected from the upstream network. Partitioning of these islanded areas is a solution to supplying the affected loads. Due to the variable nature of loads and renewable distributed generation (DG), the static model of partitioning with a fixed nature during island operation cannot be suitable. Therefore, in this article, considering the variable nature of loads and renewable distributed generation, a dynamic model is presented for the island partitioning to restore more valuable loads, which is suitable for quick decision‐making in emergencies. Also, a method for deciding on the mode of charging and discharging storage systems in emergencies is proposed. This model considers time limitation, uncontrollable DGs, controllable DGs and their control, controllability, and priority of loads, tie‐switches, storage systems, simultaneous faults, different situations of unintentional islanding of the distribution network, position of switches, and variable nature of loads and distributed generations. So, it is more comprehensive than the previous methods. Applying the proposed model to the modified IEEE 69‐bus system with controllable and uncontrollable generation and storage systems assuming different scenarios shows the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
A strategy for accurate prediction of dielectric permittivity and dielectric strength in polyimide
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhang Changhai , Lin Jiaqi , Sun Hongguo , Yang Ying , Yang Wenlong
Published: August 2024

A strategy was proposed to predict accurately the dielectric permittivity and dielectric strength based on the Onsager local field theory. The molecular dynamic simulation was utilised to analyse the dipole moment fluctuation in polyimide (PI) to reflect the polarisation response of applied electric field. The simulation results revealed that the optical dielectric permittivity and static dielectric permittivity were 2.62 and 3.34, showing that the electronic displacement polarisation of the PI acted as a major contributor. The deviation between simulated and measured values of the frequency‐dependent relative dielectric permittivity was no more than 5%, which exhibited high accuracy. As the polarisation response of the polar groups in the PI was at infrared frequencies, the conductive loss may be the dominant role in 102–106 Hz at room temperature. Moreover, the effect of Joule heat on the structure, dielectric permittivity and Young modulus was considered to accurately predict the dielectric strength of the PI (359 kV/mm), which was in agreement with experimental values in the literature. These results establish a clear correlation between structural characteristics and dielectric properties of the PI, which would be the theoretical insights into the design and synthesis of the PI with tailored dielectric properties.