bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synoptic patterns favouring lightning-ignited wildfires in Catalonia
Authors: Pineda Nicolau , Soler Anna , Peña Juan Carlos , Aran Montserrat , Soler Xavier , Pérez-Zanón Núria
Published: June 2021

Wildfires cause substantial losses to socio-economic and natural assets, especially in Mediterranean-climate regions. Despite human activity is the main cause of wildfires in Mediterranean European countries, lightning-ignited wildfires should be also considered a major disruptive agent as they can trigger large fires. Besides, recent studies on the potential climate change effects on wildfires pointed out that lightning-ignited wildfires may gain relevance in Mediterranean areas in the years to come.

In this regard, the present study analyses the meteorological conditions favouring lightning-ignited wildfires in Catalonia (NE Iberian Peninsula). Gaining insight into circulation types favouring thunderstorms that ignite wildfires can be useful in the forest protection tactical decision-making process, i.e. locating ignitions and potential holdover fires, preparing for days with multiple ignitions or routing detection flight paths.

It is worth noticing that one of the reasons why lightning-caused wildfires are difficult to manage is that they can survive for several days before flaring up. That is, even if forest fuels remain damp after the thunderstorm’ rainfall, lightning ignitions may survive smouldering underneath, emerging days later as surface vegetation becomes dry enough to support sustained combustion.

For this reason, on a first step, a reliable lightning-wildfire association is needed to properly identify the date and time of the firestarter for each wildfire. Afterwards, the circulation types on the days of ignition are analysed.

The study relies on a dataset of more than 750 lightning-ignited wildfires, gathered by the Forest Protection Agency of the autonomous government of Catalonia between 2005 and 2018. Lightning data comes from the Lightning Location System operated by the Meteorological Service of Catalonia.
Forecasting monthly numbers of hot days in Europe with a convolutional neural network
Authors: Kämäräinen Matti , Jylhä Kirsti , Korhonen Natalia , Hyvärinen Otto
Published: June 2021

Hot days, defined here as days exceeding the local 90th temperature percentile in summer months, pose an increasing threat to societies as summers warm along the climate. Therefore, an early warning of hot days and heat waves would be beneficial. To alleviate this need, we fit a convolutional neural network model to the global spatial distributions of the ERA5 reanalysis data to forecast the future number of hot days over the nearest 30-day period in Europe. 

A large set of potential input variable candidates were explored, including variables from the stratosphere and from the surface layers. Three-fold cross-validation was used to find the optimal subset to be used in forecasting. In addition to the input variables themselves, we use their temporal differences as predictors. Stepwise backward increasing of the amount of fitting data was applied to study the sensitivity of modelling to the number of fitting years. Finally, to emulate the real forecasting, time series hindcasting was applied by fitting a new model for each forecasted year, using only years prior to each year for fitting.

The target variable – the number of hot days during the nearest month – is extremely season-dependent. The non-linear forecasting model can take this into account, and both the grid cell based numbers of hot days and especially the mean numbers inside sub-regions show that the model is capable of reproducing the numbers. The skill, measured by the anomaly correlation coefficient, increases rapidly and constantly with an increasing number of fitting years. Interestingly, the skill curve does not level out, implying the model could still be enhanced by further increasing the fitting data.
The retrieval of snow properties from SLSTR Sentinel-3 – Part 1: Method description and sensitivity study
Authors: Mei Linlu , Rozanov Vladimir , Pohl Christine , Vountas Marco , Burrows John P.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The eXtensible Bremen Aerosol/cloud and surfacE parameters Retrieval (XBAER) algorithm has been designed for the top-of-atmosphere reflectance measured by the Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer (SLSTR) instrument on board Sentinel-3 to derive snow properties: snow grain size (SGS), snow particle shape (SPS) and specific surface area (SSA) under cloud-free conditions. This is the first part of the paper, to describe the retrieval method and the sensitivity study. Nine pre-defined SPSs (aggregate of 8 columns, droxtal, hollow bullet rosette, hollow column, plate, aggregate of 5 plates, aggregate of 10 plates, solid bullet rosette, column) are used to describe the snow optical properties. The optimal SGS and SPS are estimated iteratively utilizing a look-up-table (LUT) approach. The SSA is then calculated using another pre-calculated LUT for the retrieved SGS and SPS. The optical properties (e.g., phase function) of the ice crystals can reproduce the wavelength-dependent and angular-dependent snow reflectance features, compared to laboratory measurements. A comprehensive study to understand the impact of aerosols, SPS, ice crystal surface roughness, cloud contamination, instrument spectral response function, the snow habit mixture model and snow vertical inhomogeneity in the retrieval accuracy of snow properties has been performed based on SCIATRAN radiative transfer simulations. The main findings are (1) snow angular and spectral reflectance features can be described by the predefined ice crystal properties only when both SGS and SPS can be optimally and iteratively obtained; (2) the impact of ice crystal surface roughness on the retrieval results is minor; (3) SGS and SSA show an inverse linear relationship; (4) the retrieval of SSA assuming a non-convex particle shape, compared to a convex particle shape (e.g., sphere), shows larger retrieval results; (5) aerosol/cloud contamination due to unperfected atmospheric correction and cloud screening introduces underestimation of SGS, “inaccurate” SPS and overestimation of SSA; (6) the impact of the instrument spectral response function introduces an overestimation into retrieved SGS, introduces an underestimation into retrieved SSA and has no impact on retrieved SPS; and (7) the investigation, by taking an ice crystal particle size distribution and habit mixture into account, reveals that XBAER-retrieved SGS agrees better with the mean size, rather than with the mode size, for a given particle size distribution.
Individuo y orden social en los comienzos de la modernidad: consideraciones sobre la categoría de individuo a propósito de la obra póstuma de Andrés Bilbao “Individuo y orden social”
Authors: Prieto Rodríguez Carlos
Published: June 2021

El artículo tiene un doble objetivo. Por un lado, quiere participar en la vieja disputa acerca del papel que ha jugado la figura del hombre concebido como individuo en la construcción del orden social de la modernidad. Y, por otro, el de hacerlo a partir de las aportaciones de Andrés Bilbao sobre el tema tal y como se recogen en su obra póstuma. Con el fin de desentrañar todo su sentido contrastamos sus ideas con las del antropólogo francés L. Dumont y extraemos de esa comparación algunas conclusiones de interés. Un mejor conocimiento de los orígenes del orden social moderno redunda siempre en un mejor conocimiento de los problemas de presente.
Competência em saúde mental na perspectiva de profissionais de saúde que atuam em Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS)
Authors: Soares Juliana Paula , Silva Pereira Edna Regina , Lima Jacqueline Rodrigues
Published: June 2021

Historicamente, a saúde mental foi marcada pelo clássico modelo psiquiátrico, permeado de violência e preconceitos. Com a Reforma Psiquiátrica (RP), construiu-se um novo modelo de cuidado psicossocial que contrastava o modelo existente. Nesse sentido, o Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) veio como dispositivo estratégico para o fortalecimento da RP, com um aspecto mais humano, com novas formas de cuidado que permitiram a construção de novos conhecimentos e práticas. Objetivo: Identificar as competências dos profissionais de saúde mental no CAPS. Métodos: Pesquisa exploratória com abordagem qualitativa. A coleta de dados utilizou a técnica do grupo focal. Para analisar os dados utilizou-se a análise de dados interpretativa. O campo para o estudo foram os nove CAPS do município de Goiânia-GO que fazem o atendimento à população com transtorno mental e/ou o uso de álcool e outras drogas.  Participaram da pesquisa dezesseis (16) profissionais de saúde, que atuam pelo menos há um ano CAPS, dentre eles: médico psiquiatra, psicólogo, assistente social, professor de educação física, musicoterapeuta, arteterapeuta, farmacêutico, terapeuta ocupacional, fonoaudiólogo. Resultados: A maioria dos profissionais que participaram do estudo são mulheres e a faixa etária foi de 35-69, sendo que todos os profissionais são efetivos do município. Desse estudo obteve-se quatro categorias temáticas: Formação e Educação Permanente; Trabalhador (características pessoais e satisfação do trabalhador do CAPS); Institucionalização do CAPS e Processo de trabalho,  revelando que a institucionalização das práticas preconizadas no âmbito da atenção psicossocial sugere que a qualidade do atendimento em saúde mental pode estar relacionada com o modelo de atendimento existente no serviço, que reforça a atuação coletiva e não necessariamente em um conjunto de competências inerentes ao indivíduo, ou seja, que independente das competências pessoais, ou da formação desse profissional, ou da capacitação/educação continuada que o mesmo venha a receber, ele deverá desenvolver essas práticas de acordo com o que o serviço preconiza.
The use of secondary fish raw materials from silver carp in the technology of structuring agents
Authors: Ivaniuta Anastasiia , Menchynska Alina , Nesterenko Natalia , Holembovska Nataliia , Yemtcev Viktor , Marchyshyna Yevheniia , Kryzhova Yuliya , Ochkolyas Elena , Pylypchuk Оksana , Israelian Valentyna
Published: June 2021

The expediency and prospects of using secondary fish raw materials from silver carp in the structuring agents technology have been substantiated. The combination of secondary fish raw materials and seaweed with different mechanisms of gelation has a targeted effect on the organoleptic, structural-mechanical, and physicochemical properties of food products. Accordingly, the expediency of adding the Black Sea alga cystoseira (2%) to optimize the mineral composition of the structuring agents and increase their jelly-making properties was established. Using experimental studies and multicriteria optimization, the optimal ratio of secondary fish raw materials – 40%; water – 60% and rational heat treatment – 150 min, at a temperature of 85 – 100 °C has been determined. An analysis and comparison of various preservation methods have confirmed the expediency of using the freeze-drying method of drying fish broths for the production of structuring agents, which allows to preserve of the original properties of the product, biologically active substances, reduce the mass of the dried product and increase the shelf life of the structuring agents. The optimal storage conditions have been determined – the ready-made structuring agents were packed in three-layer paper kraft bags and stored in a cool dry place at a temperature of 22 ±2 °C and relative humidity of no more than 70% for 12 months. It was found that the physical and chemical indicators of the structuring agents depend on the features of the structure, amino acid composition of fish collagen. The presence of the overwhelming number of high-molecular-weight molecules in the composition of the structuring agents and the preservation of the native structure determine high indicators of dynamic viscosity, dissolution time, and strength. As a result of the research, it was revealed that the high protein content largely depends on the amount of collagen in the secondary fish raw material, which has a positive effect on the gelling properties of the product being created.
The biochemical changes in legumes during high-temperature micronization
Authors: Sesikashvili Otari , Gamkrelidze Elene , Mardaleishvili Nodari , Dadunashvili Gia , Tsagareishvili Shalva , Pkhakadze George
Published: June 2021

The article considers the change in chemical and biological characteristics in some legumes grains, under conditions of high-temperature micronization with different moisture contents during heat treatment with infrared rays. The heat treatment of grains was carried out on a laboratory apparatus with a quartz radiant infrared panel. The temperature variation in the heat treatment zone occurred due to changing the distance between the panel and the surface of grains. The grain temperature was determined using a laser thermometer, and with a timer. To determine chemical and biological characteristics, we used a special optical density metering device. We have studied: 1. The dependence of starch content on the temperature in the changing initial moisture content. We found that after 30 seconds of high-temperature micronization of, “Tsanava“ beans at a grain moisture content of 12.7%, the starch content in the grain increases from 39.65% to 40.12%, then gradually decreases, and at 18.3% moisture content, it increases from 38.71% to 41.2%, with a moisture content of 28.6% it increases from 37.36% to 42.42%. Similar processes are also observed for the beans “field red“ and “white lupine“; 2. The dependence of glucose content on the temperature in the changing initial moisture content. As the mass fraction of starch decreases, the percentage of sugar (in terms of the equivalent amount of glucose) at a moisture content of 12.7% at the initial stage increases from 1.36% to 1.46%, and then the percentage of sugar increases relatively quickly to 1.64%, at a moisture content of 18.3% it increases from 1.3% to 1.38%, and then increases to 1.51, with a moisture content of 28.6%, it increases from 1.28% to 1.35% and then increases to 1.54. Similar processes are also observed for the beans “field red“ and “white lupine“.
Using Dartmoor ponies in conservation grazing to reduce Molinia caerulea dominance and encourage germination of Calluna vulgaris in heathland vegetation on Dartmoor, UK
Authors: Lunt Paul , Leigh Jakob , McNeil Samantha , Gibb Malcolm
Published: June 2021

The increasing dominance of purple moor-grass Molinia caerulea in heathland ecosystems in the UK is of growing concern due to its detrimental impact on plant and animal diversity on sites of nature conservation interest. The use of free-ranging ponies to reduce Molinia dominance was investigated from 2017 to 2019 within a 425 ha site on Dartmoor, UK. Salt blocks were used to attract the ponies to a Molinia-dominated area of heath within the site, away from their previously-preferred grazing areas. The impact of pony grazing was assessed by measurements of vegetation structure and plant species composition. The increased presence of ponies in the vicinity of the salt blocks increased the percentage occurrence of bare ground, reduced sward surface height, reduced percentage occurrence of Molina and increased the germination of heather Calluna vulgaris seedlings. The conclusions of this research are that salt blocks can be used to attract ponies to graze targeted areas of Molinia-dominated heathland. Through their grazing and trampling, ponies can reduce the dominance of Molinia, leading to an increase in the germination and establishment of heather seedlings.
Pemimpin Gereja Visioner Pelaku Perubahan
Authors: Wahyuni Sri
Published: June 2021

Artikel ini beranjak dari kondisi beberapa gereja yang ini sangat memprihatinkan.  Tidak sedikit gereja yang hidup segan, mati tak mau, Bahkan ada gereja yang sepi kegiatan, kalaupun ada sifatnya hanya ritinitas, apalagi di masa pandemic covid -19 seperti sekarang ini, khususnya  gereja-gereja kecil di perkampungan. Berdianm diri, menunggu uluran tangan dari para dermawan. Oleh karena itu artikel ini akan membahas tentang pentingnya peran seorang pemimpin Gereja sebagai pelaku perubahan bagi kemaat yang digembalakannya.  Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pustaka dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Penekanannya adalah pada kajian terhadap sumber-sumber pustaka dan mengurainya serta memberi penjelasan dalam sebuah kerangka uraian. Analisis sumber utama adalah literasi pustaka yang mengkaji tentang pemimpin Gereja yang visioner sebagai pelaku perubahan yang dilengkapi oleh berbagai artikel jurnal dan sumber akademik lainnya yang relevan dengan topik yang dibahas. Visi adalah hal penting yang harus dimiliki oleh seorang pemimpin gereja, sebab visi akan memberikan arah yang jelas. Visi adalah salah satu factor penentu keberhasilan seorang pemimpin.
Evaluación del impacto del emprendimiento empresarial en los estudiantes de la carrera de Administración y Gestión de la Upemor, México
Authors: Ménez Bahena Luis Eduardo
Published: June 2021

En este artículo se presentan los alcances, la metodología y los hallazgos del proyecto Evaluación del impacto del emprendimiento empresarial en los estudiantes de la carrera de administración y gestión de la UPEMOR. Su objetivo fue obtener y conocer las acciones encaminadas a medir el impacto del emprendimiento empresarial de los estudiantes de la carrera de Administración y Gestión de la Universidad Politécnica del Estado de Morelos. 
Abstract
In this article, are presented the reaches, the methodology and the findings of the titled project “Evaluation of the entrepreneurship ́s impact in the students of administration career and UPEMOR ́s management”. Its objective was obtain and know the routed actions to measure the entrepreneurship ́s impact in the students of administration career and management of the Polytechnic University of the Morelos State.
Reconciliación desde la perspectiva bíblica
Authors: Ospina Arias Diego Fernando
Published: June 2021

En este trabajo se realiza un acercamiento a la reconciliación desde la perspectiva bíblica. Se estructura en cuatro partes, además de la introducción y conclusión, así: primero, se presentan someramente los diversos conflictos que aparecen narrados en la Sagrada Escritura; segundo, se precisa la terminología bíblica usada para referirse a la reconciliación; tercero, se indican los distintos modelos o paradigmas de reconciliación que se encuentran en la Sagrada Escritura; y finalmente, se señalan los principios bíblicos que posibilitan una reconciliación verdadera e integral.
Abstract
An approach to the theme of reconciliation is made in this article from the biblical perspective. The essay is organized in four sections, besides the introduction and conclusion. In the first one, the different type of conflicts narrated in the Holy Bible are presented in a summarized way; the second one defines the terminology used in the Bible referred to reconciliation; the third one includes the different models or paradigms of reconciliation founded in the Holy Bible; and the last one, points out the biblical principles that make possible an integral and compete reconciliation.
Análisis de los elementos significativos en la Educación Inclusiva
Authors: Rodríguez Andrade Claudia Patricia , Urbano Burbano Martha Liliana
Published: June 2021

El artículo esclarece los conceptos referentes a la educación inclusiva, visibilizando la teoría como eje esencial para la comprensión de las acciones desarrolladas en el ámbito educativo, enmarcadas en organismos y documentos nacionales e internacionales. Desde el análisis interpretativo, se retoman las percepciones que identifican las marcas enunciativas de los autores y se clasifica de acuerdo a la interrelación que se concibe de las proposiciones expuestas y la intencionalidad. 

Abstract

The article shows the concepts related to inclusive education, making the theory visible as an essential axis for the understanding of the actions developed in the educational field, framed in national and international organizations and documents.
Actividades que potencian las competencias tic desde la caracterización de los docentes de la Fundación Universitaria Católica Lumen Gentium
Authors: Martínez Penagos Wilson Alberto
Published: June 2021

El presente artículo hace una caracterización de los docentes de la Fundación Universitaria Católica Lumen Gentium (unicatólica) a partir de los indicadores de las competencias correspondientes a las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (tic) que establece el Ministerio de Educación Nacional (men) y datos demográficos e institucionales de los maestros. Esta caracterización permite identificar las actividades que fortalecen las competencias en estamentos y facultades de unicatólica.

Abstract

This article makes a characterization of the Fundación Universitaria Católica Lumen Gentium (unicatólica) teachers’ using indicators of Information and Communications Technologies (ict) competences established by the Ministerio de Educación Nacional (men), and demographic and institutional data from teachers. This characterization allows the identification of activities that strengthen competences in sectors and faculties of the unicatólica
Álvaro López Toro: aportes a la demografía y a los estudios sobre la población
Authors: Banguero Lozano Harold
Published: June 2021

Quiero iniciar este comentario manifestando la gran satisfacción que siento por la invitación de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Económicas para reflexionar sobre la vida y obra de uno de los científicos colombianos más reconocidos en el mundo por su invaluable contribución al desarrollo de la demografía matemática, los estudios sobre la estructura y dinámica de las poblaciones humanas y el análisis de las interrelaciones entre el cambio demográfico y el desarrollo económico y social en los países latinoamericanos. Debo manifestar que esta tarea no ha sido fácil por las características personales, la vastedad y profundidad de la obra de Álvaro López Toro
Clinical Complications of Iron Overload in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes: a literature review
Authors: Carvalho Luiz Gustavo , De Morais Batista Andressa Hellen , Cerqueira Sousa Isabelle
Published: June 2021

Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) are a group of heterogeneous hematologic disorders characterized by bone marrow involvement. Iron overload is the result of multiple transfusions and high levels of apoptosis. Based on a literature review, ferritin was identified as an important marker of iron accumulation in organs such as liver, heart and pancreas in patients with MDS. Some studies also demonstrated that iron overload caused cell cycle arrest causing apoptosis and progression to leukemia, high levels of reactive oxygen species and low levels of HIF-1a, causing apoptosis, being related to the presence of cytopenia in MDS.
PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM BUSINESSES AND MEASURES TAKEN TO SUPPORT IT AT THE STATE LEVEL
Authors: Zotova E.V. , Kargin Y.I. , Dvoretskaya T.V.
Published: June 2021

In the development of small and medium businesses, there are many problems associated with the weak motivating component of business, the implementation of its state support. The article raises the question of the correlation between the dynamics of the development of small and medium businesses and the measures taken to support them at the state level, and assesses the level of development of small and medium businesses at the state and regional levels. The collected and analyzed factual material made it possible to determine the turning point in changing trends in the development of small and medium businesses, and an attempt to identify the causes of this process, the reduction in the volume of entrepreneurial activity was made.

The conclusion reached by the authors is as follows: the analysis of national programs of state support for small and medium businesses has shown that the potential opportunities of organizations directly or indirectly involved in providing favorable and comfortable conditions for the development of small and medium businesses are not fully realized. It is necessary to adjust the amounts provided for by national projects for the development and support of entrepreneurship, taking into account the targeting and responsibility for their development.
THE MECHANISM OF MANAGING THE SAFETY OF THE INDIVIDUAL AND THE SAFETY OF SOCIETY IN THE CONTEXT OF STATE POLICY IN ADAPTIVE SPORTS
Authors: Ivanova E.V. , Fyodorova L.P.
Published: June 2021

The study notes that when managing the safety of the individual and the safety of society as a whole in the context of state policy in adaptive sports, their harmonious combination is necessary. The analysis is carried out and the trends in the development of adaptive and inclusive sports in the regional practice of sports inclusion are identified with their integration into three groups: the development of projects for the implementation of modern technologies, the organization of free regular joint classes, socially oriented projects for the target group of participants. The recommendations for determining the strategic directions of the region's development in adaptive sports are justified by building a strategy mechanism within the framework of the proposed approaches to improve the safety of individuals and society as a whole: highlighting individual tasks in regional programs for the development of physical culture and sports; participating in projects of federal programs and national projects; implementing a systematic approach to sports inclusion on the territory of individual municipalities; distributing «point» examples of successful regional practices.
TRADE AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES AUTOMATION IN RETAIL TRADE IN THE CONTEXT OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ECONOMY
Authors: Ivanova S.V. , Mikhaylova L.V.
Published: June 2021

The current economic situation in Russia, complicated by economic sanctions and sanitary and epidemiological conditions, combined with scientific and technological progress, poses new challenges for trade enterprises of various formats in the fight for buyers and their loyalty [4]. The article examines the role and directions of application in the trade and technological process of the store of electronic technologies, which are a kind of indicators of innovation. They allow you to create not only a model of the store's operation, but also to correct it, taking into account the available innovations in the field of technical equipment of the trade enterprise. This toolkit facilitates both organizational and managerial and evaluative and analytical work, which is necessary today even for small stores.

The article concludes that it is necessary to improve the automation of processes in trade to increase the economic performance and competitiveness of the store. Understanding the specifics, the correct choice of electronic technologies enables the store to more deeply and in a timely manner identify the rapidly changing vector of value preferences of customers, as well as improve the ergonomics of purchases.
MARRIAGE AS A CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL CATEGORY: HISTORY AND MODERNITY
Authors: Kolokolova E.O.
Published: June 2021

Marriage can be interpreted as an institution of law, a legal fact, a special form of contract, a specific legal structure. In recent years, there has been an active debate about the neutralization of this definition regarding the gender difference between spouses. Many countries have legalized same-sex unions. The Constitutional Court of Russia and the European Court of Human Rights consider cases of discrimination based on sexual orientation. It is impossible to deny the importance of the institution of marriage for the legal field of any state. Marriage as a legal fact significantly affects the property and personal rights of spouses and other family members. In 2020 a number of amendments were made to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, among which was an amendment stating that marriage is a union of a man and a woman. There was a lot of controversy around this amendment. The rationale for introducing this definition into the text of the Constitution of the Russian Federation was the establishment of a final understanding of the institution of marriage. However everything is not clear. Is the consolidation of marriage as a constitutional and legal category a guarantee of preserving the traditional understanding of the marriage union? The article analyzes the category of «marriage» in the framework of the constitutional legislation of Russia. The article analyzes the significance of the amendment on marriage in the text of the Basic Law and the impact of this fact on the development of legislation on marriage and family relations.
THE VALUE OF EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS IN THE FORMATION OF THE PERSONNEL OF THE JUDICIAL INSTITUTIONS OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY
Authors: Tarakanova N.G. , Yambushev F.Sh. , Pyatkina T.Y.
Published: June 2021

One of the most important provisions of the Judicial Statutes of the Russian Empire of 1864 should be recognized as the introduction of a professional educational qualification for judges of general courts, judicial investigators,prosecutors and jurors. The new educational criterion had a deeper meaning than just an element of the reformers ' personnel strategy. It allowed not only to raise the professional level of judicial officials, but also ensured the implementation of democratic principles of judicial reform, such as transparency, adversarial, oral, as well as became an incentive for the development of legal science and education, contributed to the elimination of the vices of the old judicial system. The professional educational qualification has significantly influenced the entire system of training legal personnel, led to the search for new educational models that would allow an optimal combination of obtaining theoretical knowledge that forms legal thinking and practical skills necessary for working in new judicial institutions. For the first time, the way was opened for a critical understanding of the current Russian legislation.
CHANGES IN THE LABOR MARKET IN THE CONTEXT OF THE APPEARANCE OF NEW PROFESSIONS
Authors: Belikova N.V.
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the current problems in the modern labor market, namely the introduction of new professions. The emergence of new directions requires employers to review a number of specialties that do not bring significant results, and to train new specialists in accordance with the new realities of the time. Currently, many professions are considered «extinct», leaving completely or being replaced by new ones with their own special competencies. The labor market in modern conditions dictates new rules for the development of various professions. This is due not only to the economic crisis, but also to the epidemiological situation in Russia and around the world. The emergence of new professions is primarily associated with the emergence of modern technologies and tools that are not yet sufficiently known to the public. It is important to understand that such specialists of the future as a function migration manager, bioethicist, cosmogeologist, igropractician, digital linguist, SEO specialist are necessary for companies, because they will provide real help, increasing their efficiency and competitiveness in the market.
МОНИТОРИНГ ПСИХОЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ В СИСТЕМЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПЕРСОНАЛОМ
Authors: Gainetdinova A.N. , Abdullina L.V.
Published: June 2021

В статье представлены результаты оценки психоэмоционального состояния работников общественного питания в условиях эпидемиологической ситуации с COVID-19. Были проведены тесты оценки тревожности по шкале самооценки личностной и реактивной тревоги Спилбергера в модификации Ю.Л. Ханина, для определения эффективности работы и психической устойчивости была использована методика «Таблица Шульте». В исследовании участвовало 35 мужчин в возрасте 27 (±3,7) лет, имеющих трудовой стаж в должности менеджера более десяти лет. Было выявлено наличие высокого уровня личностной и реактивной тревожности, низкой степени врабатываемости, низкой психической устойчивости испытуемого к выполнению выставленных задач.
THE TECHNOLOGIES «SMART CITY» AND THEIR APPLICATION IN THE TERRITORY MANAGEMENT
Authors: Zorin G.E.
Published: June 2021

The smart city is one of the modern concepts of development and management of urban infrastructure and the economy of the territory. Thanks to its idea of introducing the best technologies, this concept contributes not only to the development of consumer innovations, but also to the optimization of urban management processes. It also allows making economically sound decisions that are more effective for citizens, taking into account changes in their number and consumer preferences in the future.

The article attempts a theoretical study of the concept of «smart city». The city and technologies are considered from the standpoint of a systematic approach, according to which the system is a set of interrelated technologies for managing the territory. The existing variants of «smart city» technologies are summarized, and based on the conducted research, proposals for their development in the city administration in the Russian Federation in the near future are formed.
Transformacja XVIII-wiecznej metody transferu obrazu graficznego na ceramikę w nowoczesne technologie w warunkach warsztatu graficznego. Metody transferu grafiki na ceramikę
Authors: Cieślińska-Kawecka Agnieszka , Kerner Kimba Frances
Published: June 2021

Artykuł dotyczy wdrożenia XVIII- wiecznej metody transferu grafiki na podłoża ceramiczne w oparciu o współczesny warsztat graficzny. Technika nazywana transferware, spopularyzowana w XVIII i XIX wieku w Anglii, wykorzystywała matryce rytownicze, a dekoracja była przenoszona na ceramikę za pomocą bibuły i wypalana w dwustopniowym procesie. Ważnym elementem wdrażania nowej metody transferu grafiki na ceramikę jest opracowanie receptur współczesnych małotoksycznych lub nietoksycznych farb ceramicznych w podstawowej gamie kolorystycznej – pigmenty ceramiczne naszkliwne oraz podszkliwne. Tworzone i testowane barwniki, ze względu na zakres parametrów fizycznych badanego zjawiska, mogą być obiektami badanymi spektroskopowo. Proces wdrażania transferu opisuje także badanie nośników obrazu, począwszy od matryc wklęsłodrukowych po wypukłodrukowe, opracowanie receptur składu farb graficzno-ceramicznych, metod wypału, sposobów nanoszenia obrazu, użytych papierów. Wstępne doświadczenia pokazują, że transfer grafiki – obrazu z matrycy graficznej na ceramikę jest nie tylko możliwy, ale daje ciekawe efekty artystyczne bez stosowania toksycznych rozpuszczalników. Odtworzenie starych metod transferu grafiki na ceramikę w połączeniu z nowymi technologiami jest nowatorskim założeniem. Metoda transferu matrycy na ceramikę tworzy innowacyjny warsztat oraz pozwala na działanie interdyscyplinarnej pracowni w strukturze grafiki artystycznej. Celem wdrożenia nowej metody techniki jest wykorzystanie jej do rozwiązań artystycznych.
Klastry jako jedna z kluczowych koncepcji architektonicznych EXPO 2015: Procesy badawcze i praktyka designu kolaboracyjnego
Authors: Sobolewska Dominika
Published: June 2021

Klaster (od. ang. Cluster ‒ zgęstek) to zgrupowanie przestrzenne lub powiązanie systemowe mniejszych obiektów w jeden większy. W kontekście Expo 2015 jest to z jednej strony nowatorski model wielofunkcyjnego środowiska architektonicznego, umożliwiający wielopłaszczyznową promocję i zaangażowanie krajów uczestniczących, z drugiej zaś efekt innowacyjnego procesu projektowego, tzw. collaborative design, angażującego w procesy kreacyjne grupy podmiotów wywodzących się z różnych dziedzin.
Miejsce i wspólnota miejsca w strukturze miasta?
Authors: Paprzyca Krystyna
Published: June 2021

Kapitalizm radykalnie odmienił postawy ludzi. Fundamentalna przemiana w sferze wartości i postaw człowieka, nowa postawa względem natury powodują dzisiaj zmianę w człowieku. Człowiek ustawicznie przebywa w świecie „miejsc”. Pielęgnacja duszy, troska o duszę stają się najpilniejsze. Nieustanny rozwój człowieka jest syntezą mieć czy być. W artykule skoncentrowano się na potrzebie poprawy jakości wielu miejsc, relacji zachodzących pomiędzy człowiekiem a środowiskiem miejskim przez zwiększenie i poprawę walorów użytkowych, kulturowych, emocjonalnych, estetycznych miejsc, tworzenie miejsc adaptacyjnych, bezpiecznych, znanych i uznawanych za swoje – w celu tworzenia warunków identyfikacji człowieka z miejscem, poczucia odpowiedzialności człowieka za otoczenie, kreacji w miejscach różnorodności form życia społecznego, aktywności społecznych, dzięki którym możliwe są spotkania ludzi, formowanie opinii, zawieranie znajomości, realizowanie zadań. Istotnym zadaniem w miejscach jest tworzenie „ducha miejsc” jako wyznaczników wrażeń urbanistyczno-architektonicznych przez wprowadzenie symboli i znaków, które są zrozumiałe dla zamieszkujących dane miejsce ludzi. Odradzanie się i odkrywanie wartości miejsc – zarówno kulturowych, jak i przestrzennych, społecznych – to pozytywne reakcje na globalizację i unifikację przestrzeni.
Audiosfera przestrzeni zamieszkiwanej
Authors: Czajczyk Kaja
Published: June 2021

Poniższy tekst jest próbą zwrócenia uwagi jak istotne w odczuwaniu i budowaniu naszej intymnej sfery zamieszkiwania są dźwięki, będące nierozerwalnym elementem krajobrazu audialnego miejsca, w którym przebywamy tymczasowo lub na stałe. Ilustracje mojego au-torstwa zawarte w tekście są uzupełnieniem i moją interpretacją audiosfery miasta z punktu widzenia artysty, architekta wnętrz, mieszkanki m. Krakowa, ukazując wpływ dźwięków na odczuwanie otaczającej nas przestrzeni.

Według Heideggerowskiej teorii zamieszkiwanie wychodzi poza sferę obiektu już w momencie budowania. Dlatego też, audiosferę przestrzeni zamieszkiwanej należy rozpatry-wać w szerszym kontekście, wyjść poza ściany, czyli granice widzialne naszej strefy kom-fortu, która jest częścią integralną przestrzeni miasta. Dźwięki, tak jak przedmioty, budują nam przestrzeń wokół tworząc pejzaż audialny, który odbieramy multi sensorycznie, zazwyczaj jest przez nas pominięty, gdyż jest zhabituowany i nie myślimy o nim na co dzień, a odgrywa istotną rolę nadając naszej przestrzeni charakter, tożsamość miejsca, a także ma wpływ na pamięć o niej. Jest ważnym elementem naszego życia poprzez określanie nam naszego miejsca w przestrzeni miasta, domu, wszechświata.

Rola dźwięków ma ogromne znaczenie w świecie, w jakim funkcjonuje człowiek. Często oswojone, traktowane jako nieistotne i niewidoczne, budują nam konkretne miejsca, zarówno te w przestrzeni publicznej, jak i te najbliższe człowiekowi – przestrzeni do za-mieszkiwania. Mają ogromny wpływ na emocje i charakter tych miejsc, a także wartości z nimi związanych. Tak więc sfera audialna miejsc zamieszkiwania – stałego (dom i otoczenie), oraz tymczasowego (przebywanie, np. na dworcu, w galerii, parku też jest elementem za-mieszkiwania danego miejsca), tworzy istotny i nierozerwalny element krajobrazu dźwiękowego danego miejsca. Jest on istotnym zjawiskiem akustycznym w doświadczaniu owej przestrzeni.
Ogród - miejsce spełnienia i schronienia artystów
Authors: Hubeny-Żukowska Agnieszka
Published: June 2021

Są na świecie miejsca, które swym pięknem i atmosferą potrafią przenieść widza/uczestnika w inny wymiar. Są ludzie niezwykli, którzy potrafią stworzyć takie przestrzenie wokół swoich domów. Magia ogrodu uczynionego z pasji, miłości, pragnienia zobrazowania filozofii, z chęci zapomnienia lub ucieczki przed rzeczywistością sprawia, że stają się one kapsułami wyodrębnionymi z czasu i przestrzeni. Co łączy Claude’a Moneta, Fridę Kahlo, epidemię cholery i grypy oraz COVID-19? Jak myśl projektowa i przestrzeń ogrodu, miejsca ekspresji, zmieniają się pod wpływem różnych zdarzeń i emocji? Czy w rzeczywistości postpandemicznej ogród może stać się piątym pokojem, nawiązującym do wcześniejszych salonów i gabinetów ogrodowych – współczesnym, bezpiecznym miejscem pracy, samorealizacji, wypoczynku oraz bytowania z przyrodą i pięknem?
Wirtualna rzeczywistość - realne korzyści
Authors: Pyrkosz Anna
Published: June 2021

Projektowanie ubioru jako dziedzina wzornictwa przemysłowego o interdyscyplinarnym charakterze jest związane z wykorzystaniem różnych środków wyrazu. Na przestrzeni wieków zawsze była zwierciadłem swoich czasów, używając do ich opisu ówczesnych narzędzi. Dzisiejsze osiągnięcia technologii cyfrowej obejmują całą paletę nowych możliwości dostępnych projektantom i towarzyszą im podczas całego procesu projektowego, począwszy od zapisu koncepcji, na projekcie przestrzeni ekspozycji ubioru kończąc. Jest to widoczne zwłaszcza obecnie, gdy pandemia przyspieszyła pewne procesy na takich polach jak rzeczywistość wirtualna (ang. VR, Virtual reality) i rzeczywistość rozszerzona (ang. AR, Augmented reality) czy sztuczna inteligencja (AI, Artificial intelligence). Jest jeszcze „inna rzeczywistość”, do której musimy się przygotować – rzeczywistość post-COVID, którą wymienione wcześniej rodzaje technologii będą w pewnym sensie z nami „współtworzyć”. Skala i zakres pandemii uruchomiły mechanizm transformacji nieomal równocześnie na całym świecie i we wszystkich dziedzinach, dlatego politycy, naukowcy, artyści zadają pytania: „Jaki będzie ten nowy świat?”, „Jakie wartości ocaleją?”, „Jakie zjawiska zanikną i co powstanie w ich miejsce?”. Planując najbliższą przyszłość, wraz z oczekiwaniami i nadziejami na nowe rozwiązania starych problemów, uświadamiamy sobie również zagrożenia, jakie niesie ze sobą przede wszystkim świat cyfrowy. W poniższym artykule przedstawię wybrane opinie przedstawicieli z różnych dziedzin, nie tylko projektowania ubioru, dotyczące konsekwencji zachodzących przemian, mających wpływ na przyszłość sztuki użytkowej. Ważnym aspektem będzie znaczenie kreatywności w procesie projektowym oraz ochrona wszelkich wartości, które w obliczu rewolucji cyfrowej mogą być zagrożone. Zwłaszcza jako dydaktycy kierunków związanych ze sztuką projektową, oprócz wyposażenia młodych projektantów w niezbędną aktualną wiedzę techniczną, musimy pamiętać o kształtowaniu ich postaw artystycznych w odniesieniu do zachodzących zmian.
Cyanobacterial biofertilizers as an alternative to chemical fertilizers in paddy fields: a review.
Authors: Atnoorkar Anand Arunrao
Published: June 2021

In India, rice is the most significant crop in terms of the total area of cultivation and fertilizers. Distributed in 44.7 million hectares, it accounts for 31.8% (5.34 million tons) of the net use of the chemical fertilizer. Continuously using chemical fertilizers in agricultural production poses a severe environmental risk. The cost of chemical fertilizers is expensive and contributing to less crop yield. There is a need to adopt alternatives for chemical fertilizers in paddy fields. Cyanobacteria are abundant in paddy fields, and it presents remarkable contribution in producing the rice crop. It fixes atmospheric nitrogen, increases the accessibility of available phosphorus, and produces innumerable plant growth-promoting factors. It requires sunlight as the source of energy for carbon and nitrogen fixation in the soil. It represents remarkable potential as a biofertilizer and thereby decreases fuel demand for chemical fertilizer production. Cyanobacterial biofertilizers are inexpensive, simple to use, and do not harm the environment. This review focuses on the potential application of cyanobacterial biofertilizers in paddy fields.
ACCOUNTING FOR THE INFLUENCE OF THE BUILDING SHAPE ON ITS ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Authors:   Voronezh State Technical University, Voronezh, Russia, Rubtsova M.V. , Semenova Е.Е.
Published: June 2021

The influence of building plan configurations in relation to their spatial characteristics on their energy consumption is considered. The article substantiates the relevance of the research of space-planning solutions of building forms, taking into account energy efficiency. As the object of research, the authors selected the most common three-dimensional configurations of building forms, taking into account energy efficiency. Examples of the analysis of the main space-planning parameters of the building and the prerequisites for their influence on its heat loss are considered with the provided graphic materials that allow you to find out the dependence of the change in the area of enclosing structures on the change in the floor area. This comparison is carried out in order to determine an energy-efficient and rationally arranged space-planning solution, taking into account the principles of energy saving for the construction of buildings.
CALCULATION OF A MULTI-STOREY BUILDING FOR PROGRESSIVE COLLAPSE UNDER SEISMIC IMPACT
Authors:   Volgograd State Technical University, Volgograd, Russia, Rekunov S.S. , Kosova A.Yu. , Ivanov S.Yu. , Zavyalov I.S.
Published: June 2021

The article provides an analysis of existing computational practices for solving the problems of survivability of structures of buildings and structures. The issues of progressive collapse of buildings under the influence of seismic loads are considered separately. It is noted that in order to ensure the reliability of the structures of buildings and structures under special impacts, it is necessary to have a clear regulation in the system of regulatory documentation of the Russian Federation. Most calculations for progressive collapse are made for frame buildings. In this paper, one of the approaches to solving the problem of survivability is proposed on the example of calculating a multi-storey building of a wall structural system for progressive collapse with a sequential failure of the most loaded walls of the first floor. The change in the stress-strain state of the building's load-bearing structures with successive failure of the walls of the first floor at each stage of the calculation is shown.
FORMULATION OF THE DECISION-MAKING PROBLEM FOR MANAGEMENT OF MOBILE AIR QUALITY MONITORING STATIONS
Authors:   Volgograd State Technical University, Volgograd, Russia, Rashevskiy N.M. , Sadovnikova N.V. , Yereshchenko Т.V. , Кulikov M.A.
Published: June 2021

The problems of air pollution and air quality monitoring are considered. The study is aimed at substantiating the method of forming a plan for observing atmospheric air pollution using mobile laboratories. A feature of the proposed method is the use of a decision support system for the rational arrangement and operation of laboratories. combined sanitary and hygienic criterion selected to assess of pollution is calculated. The quantitative characteristics of land plots for different urban planning zones are estimated. The implementation of the decision-making problem using the network analysis method is considered. In the course of the study, the parameters of the urban and natural environments that affect the assessment of the atmospheric air quality were studied, a network structure of the mutual influence of these parameters was formed.