bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Barriers and Enablers That Influence Overweight/Obesity/Obesogenic Behavior in Adolescents From Lower-Middle Income Countries: A Systematic Review
Authors: Leandro Carol Góis , Fonseca Eveline Viana da Silva da , de Lim Cybelle Rolim , Tchamo Mario Eugénio , Ferreira-e-Silva Wylla Tatiana
Published: July 2019

Background:

Overweight/obesity during adolescence in lower-middle income countries has become a public health problem with consequences in adulthood. Inadequate dietary habits, poor diet quality, sedentary behavior, and parental obesity have been reported.

Objective:

To describe management of obesity-like food habits and behavior of adolescents from lower-middle income countries with respect to what keeps them using this diet (barriers) and what helps them avoid it (enablers).

Methods:

Systematic review of the literature related to obesity and food intake of adolescents conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA).

Results:

We classified 11 eligible studies describing the barriers to and enablers of the management of obesity-like food intake and obesity lifestyle. The dual burdens of malnutrition and increased urbanization have been observed. There is preference for processed food, dietary habits, and obesity-like food intake and sedentary behavior. Barriers to managing body weight gain included mostly consumption of fast-food and snack food, less vegetable and fruit intake, skipping meals, and sedentary behavior. Enablers of managing body weight gain included changes in nutritional habits, perception of the consumption of healthy food, physical activity, and engagement in programs to change lifestyle.

Conclusion:

The globalization of the fast food industry has provided an obesogenic environmental stimulus for adolescents in lower-middle income countries.
The first revolution: Taking Jaak Panksepp seriously: Group analysis and the neuroscience of emotion
Authors: Bacha Claire S.
Published: July 2019

Jaak Panksepp, like Foulkes, broke from the dominant paradigm in his field to fashion a series of experiments. In the process, Panksepp discovered that the midbrain is the seat of seven basic emotions. Moreover, these basic emotions are shared with all mammals. He called this discovery ‘affective neuroscience’. Panksepp’s work, taken seriously, is transforming ideas, previously expressed in the area of philosophical thinking, into a new kind of social psychology. Group analysis is a vital element in this transformation. Among other things, Panksepp shows us that humans are not unitary. The most that we can hope for is a comparatively peaceful integration of the various processes that make up our selves and our small and large groups. The external and internal role of the group conductor is helpful, philosophically, clinically and politically, to promote this integration.
Experimental analysis and numerical modelling of dry carbon woven reinforcement preforming
Authors: Najjar W , Legrand X , Soulat D , Dal Santo P
Published: July 2019

In this paper, an experimental and numerical study of the preforming process of the G1151 carbon woven fabric reinforcement is presented. The experimental analysis was based on tensile and shear tests. These tests were important to analyse the behaviour of this particular woven reinforcement and to figure out some key phenomena related to its deformation process. The numerical modelling is implemented in the commercial FEM software (Abaqus) using a discrete finite element approach. The model is built using the concept of a “unit cell” formulated with a Hencky linear elastic shell/membrane elements coupled with axial connectors. The connectors replace bar and beam elements used in previous works and can have a linear or a non-linear behaviour. Shell finite elements are chosen to describe the in-plane shear stiffness and to manage contact phenomena. The model parameters identification technique is based on experimental constitutive tests and an inverse optimisation procedure. The model has been experimentally validated for the case of hemispherical single layer preforming of the G1151 woven fabric.
Linking Test-Taking Process to Performance Through Mixed-Effects Regression Models: A Response Process–Based Validation Study
Authors: Chen Michelle Y. , Wu Amery D. , Liu Yan
Published: July 2019

Answering the call for response process–based validation, this study shows how researchers can evaluate validity evidence of test scores based on the mental “processes” test-takers use, rather than based on correlations with other “outcome” measures. The proposed methods for process-based validation studies are demonstrated using a sample of 189 adults who took two listening comprehension tasks. Immediately after completing each task, the test-takers filled out a 10-item survey to reflect on the mental processes involved in reaching their answers. These 10 process variables attempted to capture five desired and five undesired response processes in answering multiple-choice listening comprehension questions. We investigated the relationships between these process variables and the binary outcome of item score (correct vs. incorrect) using mixed-effects logistic regression models, and showed how the results could provide validity evidence (or lack thereof). By doing so, we offer an alternative approach to study response process and test performance and encourage more process-based validation studies.
Non-violent resistance and the quality of democracy
Authors: Bethke Felix S , Pinckney Jonathan
Published: July 2019

Previous research has shown that successful non-violent resistance (NVR) campaigns promote democracy compared with violent revolutions and top-down liberalization. However, research to date has not examined the character and quality of the democratic regimes following NVR campaigns, or evaluated the mechanisms that produce this effect. In this paper, we address this gap by analyzing the effect of NVR on the quality of democracy, using the Polyarchy index from the Varieties of Democracies project and its sub-components: (1) elected executive; (2) free and fair elections; (3) freedom of expression; (4) associational autonomy; and (5) inclusive citizenship. Using kernel matching and differences-in-differences estimation we find that initiating a democratic transition through NVR improves democratic quality after transition significantly and substantially relative to cases without this characteristic. Our analysis of the Polyarchy index’s sub-components reveals that this positive effect comes about primarily owing to improvements in freedom of expression and associational autonomy. This finding speaks to the strength of NVR in promoting expressive dimensions of democracy.
Single-walled and multiwalled carbon nanotubes induce oxidative stress in isolated rat brain mitochondria
Authors: Rasras Saleh , Kalantari Heibatullah , Rezaei Mohsen , Dehghani Mohammad Amin , Zeidooni Leila , Alikarami Khashayar , Dehghani Fatemeh , Alboghobeish Soheila
Published: July 2019

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are broadly applicable across a variety of industrial fields. Despite their usefulness in many different applications, oxidative stress-induced toxicity of SWCNTs and MWCNTs has not been widely investigated. The present study examined the effects of SWCNTs and MWCNTs on rat brain mitochondria using the 3,4 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and indices of reactive oxygen species (ROS), based on measurements of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and mitochondrial membrane potential. Based on the MTT assay, exposure to SWCNTs and MWCNTs decreased mitochondrial survival and viability in a dose-dependent manner. Findings also indicated that MWCNTs and SWCNTs could damage mitochondrial membranes and induce the formation of ROS, as indicated by increased levels of MDA and decreased GSH content. The results of this study suggest that SWCNTs and MWCNTs likely damage brain tissue mitochondria by increasing oxidative stress and possibly activating the apoptosis pathway as well as other pathways of cytotoxicity.
Mesoporous titania-embedded polyacrylonitrile composite nanofibrous membrane for particulate matter filtration
Authors: Reena P , Gobi N , Chitralekha P , Thenmuhil D , Kamaraj V
Published: July 2019

In the present work, mesoporous titania (MT)-embedded polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibrous membranes have been developed and studied for their efficiency in particulate matter (PM) filtration. Using Box–Behnken method, 15 nanofibrous composite membranes were obtained through electrospinning by choosing three different process variables, such as MT (weight ratio), areal density (g m−2), and spinning time (h). The characterization of resulted nanofibrous composite membranes revealed that the homogenous distribution of MT (2.9 nm) within the PAN delivers high porosity as well as air permeability. Further, filtration efficiency (FE) was also analyzed for PM from 0.3 µm to 3 µm. PM filtration studies suggested that the nanofibrous composite membrane developed from 15% MT, spin time of 2 h, and areal density of 80 g m−2 possesses overall efficiency of 96.4%, without pressure drop for the composite. The results suggest that the role of MT was found to be significant in achieving successful filtration of PM. In addition to successful FE, the desirability value of the developed composite was also calculated statistically and the optimized composite membrane was identified.
Positive subsidiarity and its implications for the margin of appreciation doctrine
Authors: Brems Eva
Published: July 2019

The article presents an argument in favour of a richer theory of subsidiarity in the European Court of Human Rights context. In particular, the proposal is to include what is called a ‘positive’ dimension in subsidiarity thinking. That is to say, the article argues that the scholarly and political debate on ECHR subsidiarity has focused mostly on ECHR restraint, associated with a wide margin of appreciation for the States Parties. There is however a complementary dimension in the subsidiarity layout, which concerns the responsibility of national authorities to offer first-line protection of Convention rights. The article examines the role the European Court of Human Rights can play in facilitating that first-line responsibility. The article explores what this means for the margin of appreciation of national authorities.
Improving service in an emergency department by designing the health production flow
Authors: Barros Oscar , Riffo Rodrigo , Paredes Inti
Published: July 2019

Background

Most emergency departments have overcapacity with poor service measured by length of stay. We hypothesized that a formal design of the emergency department production flows will improve service. Thus, we propose a methodology that was tested in a large hospital, including new flow implementation.

Results

We implemented new workflows during June to July 2017. A comparison of the patients’ average length of stay from June to September shows a decrease of 26%. Additionally, a comparison with 2016 shows a decrease of 50%. Direct evaluation of the value generated reveals an emergency department admissions increase of 540 monthly, equivalent of a savings of approximately US$250.000 annually. This savings is a very conservative estimate because the most significant value of this work is fast service that diminishes the patients’ risks.

Conclusions

Production design is an important problem in health services in terms of potential service improvements, executable with a formal, systemic, replicable method founded on several disciplines. Thus, we are replicating the approach at other hospitals with extensions to other services.
The performances of modified single-walled carbon nanotubes/poly(ether ether ketone) composites prepared by solution blending and melt blending
Authors: Wang Yongpeng , Zhang Qingwen , Liu Mengzhu , Zhang Qizhong , Zhang Haibo , Jiang Zhenhua
Published: July 2019

The modified single-walled carbon nanotubes (m-SWCNTs)/poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) composites were prepared by solution blending and melt blending, respectively. The mechanical, dielectric, and frictional performances of the m-SWCNTs/PEEK composites obtained by different processing technic were investigated. The poly(aryl ether ketone)s with pyrene (PAEK-Pys) were synthesized through iridium-catalyzed C−H borylation followed by Suzuki coupling. PAEK-Pys were characterized using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography. The polymers were then used for surface modification of pristine SWCNTs. Finally, the m-SWCNTs were used to prepare m-SWCNTs/PEEK composites via co-blending in solution or melt. The mechanical, frictional, and dielectric performance of the m-SWCNTs/PEEK composite by solution blending were better than these in m-SWCNTs/PEEK composite by melt blending. These results suggest that the method of solution blending is more favorable for the dispersion of the SWCNTs in PEEK.
Fluvastatin attenuates doxorubicin-induced testicular toxicity in rats by reducing oxidative stress and regulating the blood–testis barrier via mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Gurel Cevik , Kuscu Gokce Ceren , Buhur Aylin , Dagdeviren Melih , Oltulu Fatih , Karabay Yavasoglu Nefise Ulku , Yavasoglu Altug
Published: July 2019

Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline derivative antibiotic that still frequently used in the treatment of solid tumors and hematological malignancies. The clinical use of DOX is largely restricted due to acute and chronic renal, cardiac, hematological, and testicular toxicities. Previous studies have indicated that oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and apoptosis in germ cells are the main factors in DOX-induced testicular toxicity, but the entire molecular mechanisms that responsible for DOX-induced testicular damage are not yet fully understood. Fluvastatin is a cholesterol-lowering agent that acts by inhibiting hydroxylmethyl glutaryl coenzyme A, the key enzyme for cholesterol biosynthesis. In addition to its cholesterol-lowering effect, fluvastatin showed an antioxidant effect by cleaning hydroxyl and superoxide radicals and this drug could have a protective effect by acting on the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signal pathway in testicular damage caused by obesity. This study aimed to investigate the possible protective and therapeutic effects of fluvastatin on the DOX-induced testicular toxicity model by histochemical, immunohistochemical, biochemical, and real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses. The present study indicates that fluvastatin may have a protective and therapeutic effect by removing reactive oxygen species and by regulating the mTOR, connexin 43, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 protein and messenger ribonucleic acid expressions, which play an important role in regulating the blood–testis barrier. On the other hand, the use of fluvastatin as a protective/prophylactic agent was found to be more effective than the use of this drug for treatment. In light of this information, fluvastatin may be a candidate agent that can be used to prevent testicular toxicity observed in men receiving DOX treatment.
Evaluation of morphological, mechanical, and rheological properties of vulcanized styrene–butadiene rubber/modified corn starch blends
Authors: Alwaan Ismaeel Moslam
Published: July 2019

The starch-filled styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) was prepared using a laboratory-sized two-roll mill. Starch was modified by yeast fermentation for 1 day before it was blended with SBR. The hydrophilicity of SBR was enhanced by grafting with modified starch (MST) by utilizing tetramethyl thiuram disulfide as a catalyst. The effect of modified corn starch loading on morphological, mechanical, and rheological properties of vulcanized SBR blends was investigated. Scanning electron microscope result revealed that the adhesion between the MST and SBR was weak, and the starch pulled out due to poor interfacial bonding. The lowest ultimate tensile strength, elongation at break, and tensile modulus of the SBR- g-MST were found in the sample containing 150 phr of starch. The variation of the percentage elongation of neat rubber and MST/rubber composites was 91.34%. The significant decrease in cure times was observed with the loading of MST in all blends up to 100 phr starch, while no significant change in scorch time was observed. The maximum torque, minimum torque, and cross-linking density increased as the starch loading increases up to 100 phr MST. The water absorption by the composite increases with immersion time and MST loading, although the rate of absorption decreases with increased time. The current product could be especially advantageous in agricultural and horticultural applications as a good controlled fertilizer release and for water retention.
Pyogranulomatous enteritis and mesenteric lymphadenitis in an adult llama caused by Rhodococcus equi carrying virulence-associated protein A gene
Authors: Löhr Christiane V. , O’Neill T. William , Daw Danielle N. , Pitel Mariya O. , Schlipf John W.
Published: July 2019

We report herein Rhodococcus equi infection in an 11-y-old, male llama with a history of diarrhea and endoparasitism. Postmortem examination revealed granulomatous and ulcerative enteritis, pyogranulomatous mesenteric lymphadenitis, fibrinosuppurative peritonitis, and granulomatous hepatitis. Intralesional macrophages were laden with gram-positive cocci. Bacteriology identified R. equi, and cultures tested positive for R. equi choE and vapA genes by PCR. This case expands the reported spectrum of lesions associated with R. equi infections in llamas from pyogranulomatous bronchopneumonia and peripheral lymphadenitis to pyogranulomatous mesenteric lymphadenitis and enteritis. We also link a R. equi that is carrying the virulent-associated protein gene VapA to clinical disease in New World camelids.
From Bodily Sensations to Symptoms: Health Care–Seeking Practices Among People Affected by Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Beedholm Kirsten , Andersen Lene Søndergaard , Lorentzen Vibeke
Published: July 2019

The reduction of prehospital delay for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is widely discussed within cardiac research. Medically informed literature generally considers patient hesitancy in seeking treatment a significant barrier to accessing timely treatment. With this starting point, we conducted an interview study with people previously hospitalized for ACS and with the bystanders involved in their decision to contact the health care system. The analysis was conducted in two stages: first, a systematic extraction of key information; second, an in-depth analysis informed by medical anthropology. This led us to understand the prehospital period as an interpretation process where bodily sensations appeared as symptoms. Informants vacillated between sensations, knowledge, interpretations, and emotions as they struggled to preserve everyday ordinariness. They were led to contact the health care system by bodily discomfort rather than a rational decision to reduce risk. The paradigmatic implications from medical anthropology proved an important alternative to the medical paradigm.
Exploring Family Decisions to Refuse Organ Donation at Imminent Death
Authors: Darnell Whittney H. , Real Kevin , Bernard Andrew
Published: July 2019

Communication about organ donation at the time of imminent death is a meaningful, yet less understood, area of health communication. We employed a multiple goals framework to explore family normative perceptions of organ donation and the conversational goal tensions experienced during a family member’s imminent death. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 family members who refused to donate when approached by an organ procurement coordinator (OPC) upon the imminent death of a family member. Thematic analysis revealed that family members described their decisions to refuse donation as (a) last acts of love, (b) responses to unnecessary requests, and (c) consistent with the known beliefs of the patient. Participants described several goal tensions operating within the organ donation conversation itself, including (a) the management of frequent requests, (b) pressure to donate, and (c) enduring unwanted requests from the OPC. Communication goals frameworks offer practical insights for improving organ-related conversations.
Rigor in Qualitative Methods: An Evaluation of Strategies Among Underrepresented Rural Communities
Authors: Hamilton Jill B.
Published: July 2019

Achieving rigor using selected criteria to determine trustworthiness using qualitative methods has been without critical evaluation. In this article, strategies such as prolonged engagement and thick, rich description; negative case analysis; peer review or briefing; clarifying researcher bias; member checking; and, investigator triangulation and intercoder reliability are evaluated for appropriateness among an African American Appalachian rural population. Achieving rigor using qualitative methods among participants living in rural communities is time intensive requiring attention to quality versus quantity of time spent in interviews, building trusting relationships, an awareness of interviewer bias and assumptions, and appropriately evaluated strategies that enhance validity. Strategies to achieve rigor in qualitative methods should not be used as a one size fits all approach as this practice might actually diminish rigor. Among underrepresented populations, strategies should be adapted or not used at all.
Effectiveness of a Volunteer Training Program on the Learning Support of Children in Hospice Palliative Care
Authors: Niinomi Kazuteru , Soejima Masakazu , Hiraga Kentaro , Kodama Shoko , Okazaki Shin , Nakao Shigeki
Published: July 2019

Background:

Volunteers are expected to play a key role in children’s hospice. However, there is a lack of information about how to cultivate effective volunteer training programs.

Objective:

To verify the effect of a training program on volunteers’ confidence in providing learning support and sharing experiences with children with life-threatening conditions and their families in a children’s hospice.

Methods:

In this pre–post study, participants were 48 undergraduate and graduate students from 3 universities in Japan. They received 5 lectures on children’s hospice learning support. They evaluated the training program by rating their self-confidence in meeting each of the 15 program goals on a questionnaire.

Results:

An exploratory factor analysis of the questionnaire yielded 12 goals in 4 factors: understanding of one’s own and others’ mental state, accommodating the learning needs of children with life-threatening conditions, understanding and accommodating the physical state of children with life-threatening conditions, and understanding the significance of children’s hospice. A paired t test revealed that participants’ self-confidence had increased significantly in 3 of these 4 factors after the program. However, the score for accommodating the learning needs of children with life-threatening conditions decreased but not significantly.

Conclusion:

Although it needs some improvements, the program was effective for improving volunteers’ self-confidence in and understanding of learning support and sharing experiences with children with life-threatening conditions.
Psychological Resilience and Posttraumatic Growth: An Exploratory Analysis
Authors: Ewert Alan , Tessneer Sharon
Published: July 2019

Background: Epidemiological studies indicate that a majority of the U.S. population has been exposed to at least one traumatic event in their lives. In addition, resilience has become a variable of increasing interest in both society and the field of experiential education (EE). Purpose: In this study, the relationship between psychological resilience, posttraumatic growth (PTG), and participation in EE activities is examined. Methodology/Approach: To measure semester-long changes in resilience, the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale was used at the beginning and end of an EE program and four different comparison groups. Using the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) and focusing on a 3-week portion of that EE program, PTG was measured using a pre/post format. Findings/Conclusions: Results indicated that EE programming is effective at building resilience but less so for PTG. In addition, no significant differences were noted between females and males on the PTGI scale. Implications: The results of this exploratory study increase our understanding of what psychological changes occur during a semester-long adventure-based EE curriculum with a 3-week high-intensity experience embedded in the program.
Early results of a high friction surface coated uncemented socket in revision hip arthroplasty
Authors: Chacko Vinay , Agrawal Pranshu , Porter Martyn L , Board Tim N
Published: July 2019

Background:

Revision hip arthroplasty with high friction trabecular metal sockets has resulted in good medium-term results. Many manufacturers have therefore introduced higher friction coatings to their implants to meet a growing demand for similar implants. The Pinnacle Gription was introduced in 2007 as an evolution of the standard Pinnacle socket. This study aimed to assess the early results of this socket in a revision setting.

Methods:

Between August 2009 and December 2016, the Gription socket was used in 146 revision hip replacements. The mean age was 63 (19–88) years. Defects were classified as Paprosky Grade 2 in 71(2A [28], 2B [19], 2C [24]) and grade 3 in 20 (3A [18], 3B [2]). Bearing combinations were ceramic-on-ceramic in 23, metal-on-polyethylene in 71, ceramic-on-polyethylene in 52. Screws were used in 112 cases, impaction bone grafting in 34 and metal augments in 1 case. Radiographs were analysed for progressive radiolucent lines and migration.

Results:

Mean follow-up was 43.5 (range 25–62) months. There were 6 re-revisions (2 for deep infection, 2 for recurrent dislocation and 2 for aseptic loosening). None of the other cases had evidence of socket migration or progressive radiolucent lines. There were no intraoperative or postoperative periprosthetic fractures. The crude survivorship for all-cause failure was 95.8% and the survivorship for aseptic loosening was 98.6%. at 43.5 months follow-up.

Conclusions:

This is the largest reported series of Gription socket use in revision arthroplasty and demonstrates encouraging early results. We therefore advocate the continued cautious use of this implant.
Effect of Simple Interrupted Suture Spacing on Aesthetic and Functional Outcomes of Skin Closures
Authors: Stoecker Allison , Blattner Collin M , Howerter Stephanie , Fancher Whitney , Young John , Lear William
Published: July 2019

Background

Dermatologic surgeons are trained in fundamental wound closure techniques that minimize wound tension and tissue ischemia to optimize healing and create discrete scars. These include orienting excisions along resting skin tension lines, handling tissue edges with care, and avoiding strangulation while tying suture. Another variable that may affect wound healing and cosmetic outcomes is the spacing between sutures.

Objective

This prospective, single-centre, randomized, split-scar comparison trial was designed to explore how suture spacing distance affects wound complication rate and scar cosmesis.

Methods

Elliptical surgical wounds of the trunk and extremities were repaired with simple interrupted sutures with varying suture spacing. One half of each wound was repaired with high-density suture spacing (approximately 5 mm apart) and the other with low-density suture spacing (approximately 10 mm apart). Wounds were evaluated at 2-week suture removal for complications, and then reevaluated at 3 and 6 months for cosmesis using the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale score.

Results

Results revealed no significant difference in minor wound complications during the early healing process between high- and low-density suture spacing. At 3 months postoperatively, physicians and patients alike preferred the aesthetics of the low-density suture placement. By 6 months postoperatively, this preference disappeared.

Conclusions

These results suggest that suture spacing may affect early scar formation. Additionally, placing sutures farther apart results in fewer total puncture wounds, decreases tissue trauma, and saves surgical time while conserving suture material. Therefore, dermatologic surgeons should consider placing fewer percutaneous sutures during wound repair.
Effect of boron-nitrogen modified soybean oil additive on biodegradability, anti-oxidation property, and lubricity of rapeseed oil
Authors: Liu Ping , Wang Xin , Wu Jiang , Lin Wang , Feng Yanhan , Chen Boshui , Fang Jianhua , Jiang Zeqi
Published: July 2019

Two novel boron-nitrogen modified soybean oil additives with different length of chain structures (abbreviated as BNS1 and BNS2) were synthesized. The thermal stability of BNS1 and BNS2 was evaluated by thermo-gravimetric analysis. The effect of the as-synthesized additives on the biodegradability, anti-oxidation property, and lubricity in rapeseed oil was evaluated by respective standard method. Moreover, the morphology and tribochemical characteristics of the worn surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscope assembled with energy dispersive spectrometer. The results indicated that BNS1 and BNS2 both possess good thermal stability; BNS1 slightly impairs the biodegradability of rapeseed oil, but BNS2 facilitates the biodegradability of rapeseed oil. BNS1 and BNS2 could improve the anti-wear and friction-reducing performance of the rapeseed oil, but BNS1 exhibited better anti-wear ability as compared to that of BNS2, BNS2 exhibited better anti-wear ability in reducing friction coefficients as compared to that of BNS1. The enhanced anti-wear and friction-reducing abilities of rapeseed oil were ascribed to the formation of a composite boundary lubrication film due to the strong adsorption of BNS1 or BNS2 and rapeseed oil onto the lubricated surfaces and their tribochemical reactions with metal surfaces. BNS1 and BNS2 could both facilitate the anti-oxidation properties of the rapeseed oil.
Advancing an understanding of the body amid transition from a military life
Authors: Grimell Jan , van den Berg Mariecke
Published: July 2019

In this article, we explore the process of transitions from a military life to a civilian life. Making use of the concepts offered by Dialogical Self Theory, we explore how individuals negotiate the acquisition of new, civilian identities by integrating different, sometimes conflicting, cultural I-positions. Moreover, in this article, we explore how this narrative process is reflected through embodied processes of becoming civilian. We do so by presenting an in-depth analysis of two case studies: that of former Lieutenant Peter, who fully transitions to civilian life, and of Sergeant Emma, who opts for a hybrid outcome, combining a civilian job with working as an instructor in the military. We will argue that the narrative and embodied process of transition are intertwined in self-identity work, and that attention to the specifics of this entanglement can be useful for professionals who counsel military personnel who transition to civilian life.
The effect of housing wealth on tourism consumption in China: Age and generation cohort comparisons
Authors: Zuo Bing , Lai Zhaoqi
Published: July 2019

Based on the theoretical framework of the life-cycle/permanent income model, an in-depth analysis on the effect of housing wealth on tourism consumption was conducted in this research, with a special focus on the conditional effects of age and cohort generations. Using the 2014–2016 Chinese Household Survey data, the study finds that a significant housing wealth effect on tourism consumption exists in China, which is more significant than income effects. The results also illustrate the considerable conditional effects of age and cohort generations on the housing wealth effect. Future studies should focus on the effect of housing wealth when forecasting tourist demand to avoid an estimation bias. In addition, age and cohort differences should also be emphasized in tourist studies.
‘Our task is to demystify fears’: Analysing newsroom management of automation in journalism
Authors: Milosavljević Marko , Vobič Igor
Published: July 2019

The study explores uses of algorithmic techniques in journalists’ working environments and investigates newsroom managers’ negotiations of automation as innovation process aimed at ensuring partial or full replacement of human labour with technology. Drawing from 15 qualitative interviews with representatives of newsroom management from legacy news institutions in the United Kingdom, Germany and the United States, the study analyses their (cl)aims to maintain the newsroom as a stable, but dynamic working environment and reveals three dualist propositions when negotiating automation novelties – human journalistic agency stands in contrast to technology, skills are separated from newsworkers, and the creation of news contrasts with its presentation. The results show the interviewees re-articulate the dominance of human agency over technology, re-establish technological innovations as liberating newsworkers rather than subordinating them, and standardise news by re-evaluating the concept as both a civic bond and a commodity. Such considerations are detached from recent concerns about automation of human labour and closer to what we call algorithmic sublime, maintaining the newsroom management’s loyalty to both the professional values of journalism and the corporate goals of management.
Evidence of Conflict Extension in Partisans’ Evaluations of People and Inanimate Objects
Authors: Banda Kevin K. , Carsey Thomas M. , Severenchuk Serge
Published: July 2019

Prior research shows that partisan bias affects evaluations of people in nonpolitical settings, but it is unclear to what extent this bias informs evaluations of objects other than people in similar contexts. This is an important limitation given the frequency with which brands, locations, and products are associated with parties and political figures. We examine whether partisan bias influences evaluations of inanimate objects in the same way that it does evaluations of people. The results of four survey experiments show that partisans evaluate objects linked to the opposing party less favorably than otherwise identical nonpartisan objects. Moreover, the influence of partisan bias on evaluations of people is comparable in magnitude to the influence of bias on evaluations of various inanimate objects. We interpret these findings through the lens of conflict extension theory by suggesting that conflict between partisans has extended from policy-based to social identity-based conflict even in nonpolitical settings.
Undocumented Students: History and Implications for Higher Education Administrators
Authors: Peña Jeremy
Published: July 2019

This article provides a brief history of undocumented students and higher education, from the landmark case of Plyler v. Doe to the examination of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals. As lawmakers engage in debate regarding undocumented immigrants, states have attempted to provide educational clarity. In addition, academic institutions such as The University of California, Berkeley through their Undocumented Student Program (USP) have taken measures to address the needs of undocumented students in higher education.
Doing the “Right Thing”? Understanding Why Rape Victim-Survivors Report to the Police
Authors: Brooks-Hay Oona
Published: July 2019

This article explores why victim-survivors engage with the police by drawing upon the accounts of 24 women who reported rape or sexual assault in Scotland. Findings defy public narratives around rape reporting, indicating that victim-survivors may exercise limited agency in reporting. Moreover, a problematic “aspiration-reality gap” exists due to stark differences between the aspirations attached to reports and the reality of the ensuing criminal justice response. It is suggested that the concepts of “secondary victimization” and the “justice gap” can be augmented through appreciation of the “aspiration-reality gap,” and contemporary preoccupation with increasing rates of reporting is called into question.
Challenges and Negotiations of a Young, Female, and Unmarried Researcher: Reflections on Fieldwork in South Korea
Authors: Kwak YoonKyung
Published: July 2019

This article presents my personal reflections on the process of conducting fieldwork as part of my PhD research into participant recruitment in South Korea. I discuss the challenges and negotiations I faced during my PhD fieldwork. The aim is to examine the following three issues: (1) obstacles faced in gaining entry to the fieldwork sample when conducting research in my own country, (2) the influence of my personal identity (i.e., my gender, race, class, religion, nationality, and age) on my fieldwork experiences, and (3) the research process itself and the strategies I used to overcome my vulnerability and marginality. I conclude by raising several ethical considerations and dilemmas, followed by a discussion of the significant implications of the study topic in terms of researcher safety and well-being when undertaking fieldwork and how this can be ameliorated.
A spacetime collocation Trefftz method for solving the inverse heat conduction problem
Authors: Ku Cheng-Yu , Liu Chih-Yu , Xiao Jing-En , Huang Wei-Po , Su Yan
Published: July 2019

In this article, a novel spacetime collocation Trefftz method for solving the inverse heat conduction problem is presented. This pioneering work is based on the spacetime collocation Trefftz method; the method operates by collocating the boundary points in the spacetime coordinate system. In the spacetime domain, the initial and boundary conditions are both regarded as boundary conditions on the spacetime domain boundary. We may therefore rewrite an initial value problem (such as a heat conduction problem) as a boundary value problem. Hence, the spacetime collocation Trefftz method is adopted to solve the inverse heat conduction problem by approximating numerical solutions using Trefftz base functions satisfying the governing equation. The validity of the proposed method is established for a number of test problems. We compared the accuracy of the proposed method with that of the Trefftz method based on exponential basis functions. Results demonstrate that the proposed method obtains highly accurate numerical solutions and that the boundary data on the inaccessible boundary can be recovered even if the accessible data are specified at only one-fourth of the overall spacetime boundary.
The role of open and endovascular treatment of patients with chronic aortoiliac Leriche syndrome
Authors: Kretschmann Tim , Usai Marco V , Taneva Gergana T , Pitoulias Georgios A , Torsello Giovanni , Donas Konstantinos P
Published: July 2019

Objectives

Leriche syndrome, defined as a chronic obliteration of a segment of the infrarenal aorta and the iliac arteries, represents a challenging pathology. Surgical reconstruction represents the standard treatment option. However, the endovascular therapy is gaining ever greater applicability in several vascular territories comparable with the open repair results. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of endovascular repair in patients with chronic Leriche syndrome.

Methods

Between January 2008 and September 2016, 82 patients with Leriche syndrome underwent surgical and endovascular repair at two European vascular centers. After risk stratification, 40 patients were matched based on chronic TASC D obstructive arterial disease with involvement of the aortic bifurcation and bilateral iliac arteries, the age, and the cardiovascular risk factors identifying finally 20 patients who underwent surgical repair (open group) and 20 patients who were treated by deployment of stents/stent-grafts in the aortic and iliac segment (endo group). Kaplan–Meier estimation for patency and freedom from reintervention were calculated and univariate analyses were performed.

Results

Estimated primary patency rate was 100% vs. 84% at one year for the open group vs. endovascular group, respectively ( p = .05). Freedom from reintervention was 100% vs. 89% at one year for the open group vs. endo group ( p = .09). During the entire follow-up of 34.9 ± 23.1 months, five reinterventions were performed for the endo group vs. two for the open group ( p = .212). Additionally, the major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events were 5/20 vs. 2/20 for the endovascular vs. open group, respectively ( p = .212). The postoperative ankle–brachial index improved in 0.66 in the endo group vs. 0.71 in the open group ( p = .624).

Conclusions

Endovascular techniques for the treatment of complex chronic Leriche lesions seem not to be associated with better early or mid-term outcomes compared to surgical repair.
NormNet: Point-wise normal estimation network for three-dimensional point cloud data
Authors: Hyeon Janghun , Lee Weonsuk , Kim Joo Hyung , Doh Nakju
Published: July 2019

In this article, a point-wise normal estimation network for three-dimensional point cloud data called NormNet is proposed. We propose the multiscale K-nearest neighbor convolution module for strengthened local feature extraction. With the multiscale K-nearest neighbor convolution module and PointNet-like architecture, we achieved a hybrid of three features: a global feature, a semantic feature from the segmentation network, and a local feature from the multiscale K-nearest neighbor convolution module. Those features, by mutually supporting each other, not only increase the normal estimation performance but also enable the estimation to be robust under severe noise perturbations or point deficiencies. The performance was validated in three different data sets: Synthetic CAD data (ModelNet), RGB-D sensor-based real 3D PCD (S3DIS), and LiDAR sensor-based real 3D PCD that we built and shared.
Primary care providers’ attitudes towards individuals with intellectual disability: Associations with experience and demographics
Authors: Breau Genevieve , Baumbusch Jennifer , Thorne Sally , Hislop T Greg , Kazanjian Arminee
Published: July 2019

Primary care providers are the main point of contact with the healthcare system for individuals with intellectual disability, and they may have pre-existing attitudes towards this group that impacts care. We examined whether participants’ gender, age, professional status and experience with individuals with intellectual disability were associated with attitudes by surveying 95 family physicians, family medicine trainees and advanced practice nursing students across a Canadian province. Younger participants were more likely to feel that those with intellectual disability are similar to themselves and that individuals with intellectual disability should be empowered to take control of their lives. Older participants were more likely to believe that individuals with intellectual disability are vulnerable. These findings suggest there may be a generational difference in attitudes, and educational interventions may be needed to ameliorate attitudes among older primary care providers to reduce the impact of pre-existing attitudes on the provision of care.
Amomum tsao-ko—Chinese Black Cardamom: Detailed Oil Composition and Comparison With Two Other Cardamom Species
Authors: Sim Sherina , Tan Su Kay , Kohlenberg Birgit , Braun Norbert A.
Published: July 2019

Two Chinese black cardamom oils ( Amomum tsao-ko) were analyzed using GC and GC/MS and compared to 2 Indian cardamom oils from the species Amomum subulatum and Elettaria cardamomum, respectively. The main constituents of A. tsao-ko oils were eucalyptol, geranial, geraniol, trans-2,3,3A,7A-tetrahydro-1 H-indene-4-carbaldehyde, (2 E)-decenal, neral, and 4-indanecarbaldehyde. Special attention was given to the 1 H-indene-carbaldehyes, which are frequently wrongly assigned in previous literature. A detailed odor evaluation of the oils was also carried out. In addition, composition variations of 28 main constituents of 8 E. cardamomum oils were investigated, taking various factors like origin, production methods, plant material, and drying stage into consideration.
New Unsaturated Lactones and a Meroterpenoid from Ganoderma lucidum
Authors: Xin Qi-Hang , Luo Qi , Wu Ze-Hong , Zhang Jiao-Jiao , Liu Li-Zhong , Cheng Yong-Xian
Published: July 2019

From the dried fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum, 2 new unsaturated lactones, dayaolingzhilactones A and B (1 and 2), and 1 new meroterpenoid, dayaolingzhiol H (3), together with 10 known compounds (4-13), were isolated. Their chemical structures were identified by using spectroscopic data and calculated specific rotation. The inhibitory activities of compounds 1 and 2 toward acetylcholinesterase (AchE) were assessed in vitro with tacrine as the positive control. Both of them exhibited moderate AchE inhibitory activities at the concentration of 50 μM.
A New Aurone and Other Constituents From the Seeds of Psoralea corylifolia With Their Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase Inhibitory Activity
Authors: Ren Bo , Dong Jia-Yue , Liu Ying
Published: July 2019

A new aurone (1), together with 5 known compounds (2-6), were isolated from EtOAc-soluble extract of the seeds of Psoralea corylifolia. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods. All compounds were evaluated for in vitro inhibitory activity against diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT). Among them, compound 1 showed selective inhibitory activity on DGAT1 with IC50 value of 54.9 ± 1.4 µM.
Blinded Evaluation of Endoscopic Skill and Instructability After Implementation of an Endoscopic Simulation Experience
Authors: Stephenson Elizabeth D. , Farquhar Douglas R. , Masood Maheer M. , Capra Gregory , Kimple Adam , Ebert Charles S. , Thorp Brian D. , Zanation Adam M.
Published: July 2019

Background

Interest in endoscopic simulation is increasing. Past studies have used virtual reality or nonhuman models or residents with varying experience. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of simulation on procedural and psychomotor competence of medical students—surgical novices—performing endoscopic tasks on human cadavers and assess student perceptions.

Methods

Students (n = 22) completed a baseline sinus model skill evaluation graded by 2 blinded Rhinology fellows. Intervention and control groups with equal baselines were assigned. Intervention students practiced endoscopic tasks on the model for 45 minutes minimum over 2 weeks. All students reviewed sinus anatomy/disease and sinus surgery materials. The final cadaver evaluation was similar to the baseline. Fellows graded students on anatomy identification (sinuses, turbinates), psychomotor (navigation, camera alignment, instrument handling), and timed procedural (sinus object retrieval) skills, confidence, and instructability via fellow-guided frontal balloon placement.

Results

Participants included 16 males (72.7%) and 6 females (27.3%). Intervention and control groups contained 10 (45.4%) and 12 (54.6%) students, respectively. Intervention group final “Total Psychomotor” scores were higher (10.1/15 vs 7.8/15, P = .0231). “Surgical confidence” was 3.3/5 versus 2.5/5, and “Instructability” was 3.9/5 versus 3.4/5 in intervention versus control groups, respectively ( P < .050). Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated superior psychomotor skills, navigation, and confidence in the intervention group ( P < .036). Activity perception scores were higher in intervention students versus controls, 26.13 versus 18.36/40 ( P = .022).

Conclusion

In surgical novices, endoscopic simulation leads to superior endoscopic navigation and task performance in cadavers. This simulation presents a novel method for incorporating Otolaryngology simulation in medical student education.