bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, attitude and practices of mothers regarding immunization
Authors: Ali Shoaib , Ifat Mubina , Amin Javeria , Jamil Samia , Aaraj Sahira , Naeem Hamza , Javed Saba , Nazir Siddiqui Shahida , Saeed Khokhar Hamza , Zahoor Sarmad
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Immunization strengthens the defense mechanism of the body and offers protection against potential diseases. The rate of immunization is one of the best measures of public health management and quality. To increase the rate of immunization, parental decisions about vaccinations are very necessary. Parents' knowledge and attitude towards immunization influence the prevalence of infectious diseases. Moreover, vaccination is considered one of the most cost-effective public health tools to prevent infectious diseases.Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the frequency of adequate knowledge, positive attitude and good practices of mothers regarding immunization.Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study which was conducted in The Children's Hospital & Child Health Institute, Lahore. A total of 125 children who met the selection criteria were enrolled. Parents were then questioned and validated by vaccination card status regarding various Expanded Immunization Policy (EPI) vaccinations and complete previous records. The awareness and attitude of mothers regarding vaccination was also considered that either they were aware of the vaccination status or not. All the data was collected and reported in the form of a questionnaire.Results: In this study93 mothers had a good understanding, 77 mothers had a good practice, and 66 mothers had a positive attitude towards immunization. Childsâ€™ gender, mothersâ€™ educational status, socio-economic status, good practice, and positive attitude had no significant impact on adequate knowledge about vaccination.Conclusion: It was concluded from this study that mothersâ€™ knowledge about immunization was adequate, however good practice and positive attitude were not up to the mark.Â Â
Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis mimicking hypokalemic periodic paralysis
Authors: Vivek Chaudhari Dr. , Harshvardhansinh Chauhan Dr. , Manisha Panchal Dr.
Published: March 2023

Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis is a unique disorder that causes episodic proximal lower extremity muscle weakness in a patient who already has a hyperthyroid state and is not treated for the underlying disease state. The affected population mostly includes Asian in origin specifically the male gender (vs most thyroid disorder affects the women gender). Precipitating factors include in addition to a hyperthyroid state are strenuous exertion, a high-carbohydrate meal, and drugs like diuretics, insulin, high dose of steroids, antiretrovirals, and interferon therapy. Other genetic causes include the decreased activity of Kir2.6 mutation increased activity of Na+/K+ ATPase causing an intracellular shift of potassium that leads to hypokalaemia. The other challenging part for the physician is to differentiate it from Familial periodic paralysis an autosomal disorder seen in Caucasians and Western countries because both the disorders present similarly and differentiate between them by the presence of hyperthyroid state with hypokalaemia in Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis. The mortality is associated with respiratory paralysis hence the acute intervention includes giving nonselective beta-blockers followed by anti-thyroid medications. We present a case of an Indian adolescent who presented to us with lower muscle weakness with an underlying thyrotoxicosis state. This help physician with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.Â Â Â
Homocystinuria presents with generalized tonic-clonic seizure and Broca's aphasia
Authors: Vivek R. Chaudhari Dr. , Jigar Mankad Dr. , Janki Lavingia Dr. , Manisha Panchal Dr.
Published: March 2023

Homocystinuria follows an autosomal recessive pattern and transpires due to Cystathionine beta-synthase enzyme deficiency. This condition is associated with thrombotic and thromboembolic complications due to an increase in homocysteine and methionine levels in the plasma and urine. We present a case of an Indian adolescent boy who presented to us with generalized tonic clinic seizure and Broca's aphasia he was diagnosed as having homocystinuria type 1, and he responded well to treatment.Background: Stroke and seizure disorders in young adults have increased substantially and are a relatively common disorder that presents in the emergency department in all age groups. Secondary seizures are more common and manifest as a result of another underlying pathology. This case demonstrates the importance of considering rarer causes of thrombosis such as arterial thrombosis, even in younger patients, with no obvious risk factors or comorbidities. A detailed medical history and thorough investigations need to be taken to identify a potentially treatable underlying cause.Objective: To increase awareness about this rare etiology and help clinicians to have a higher level of suspicion to diagnose this condition and prevent future life-threatening complications in younger patients with thrombotic and thromboembolic events.Â Â Â
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in asymptomatic young adults: association with HOMA, metabolic syndrome, and atherogenic risk
Authors: Chávez-Pagola Jorge Teodoro , Hernández-Zavala Araceli , Valenzuela-Limon Olga , Sánchez-Gutiérrez Manuel , Izquierdo-Vega Jeannett Alejandra
Published: March 2023

Objective: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents the most common liver disease worldwide. The Latin American population has the highest obesity rates in the world. The aim was to research the factors associated with NAFLD in young adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 171 participants with an average age of 21 years who underwent a physical and laboratory examination, anthropometric evaluation, and abdominal ultrasound. Results: Subjects with NAFLD were significantly overweight, with dyslipidemia, and with atherogenic risk. They had the presence of metabolic syndrome compared to those without NAFLD. Bivariate logistic regression showed that body mass index, atherogenic risk, Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) value, and metabolic syndrome were associated with NAFLD development. Conclusions: The variables of HOMA, metabolic syndrome, and atherogenic risk were most associated as risk predictors of this pathology in young adults.
Assessments of coastal erosion in rivers state, Nigeria, using global cover 30
Authors: M. Menegbo Emmanuel
Published: March 2023

Coastal dynamics and erosion are phenomena that have a considerable impact on inhabitants of coastal areas, regardless of whether the ac-tivity driving them is natural or manmade. Because a high percentage of the world's population lives along the shoreline, a raise in sea level will have a substantial effect on many people. Additionally, it will have an effect on low-lying coastal areas and islands. Using satellites for coastal management and monitoring changes in land cover and land use, it is possible to gain a better understanding of global changes in Coastal Erosion, especially in Rivers State, Nigeria. This study investigated coastal erosion in Rivers state, Nigeria, utilizing Global cover 30 land cover data. GIS and post-processing data were utilized to track changes occurring over the twenty-year period from 2000 to 2020. Two distinct temporal frames were identified within the given time span. The result of the analysis indicated that there was more erosion as the gain by the major Rivers indicated erosion along the coastline, Furthermore, changes of 47151000m2 were observed within 2000 and 2020, that is a period of twenty years with over 47151km2 land lost within Rivers state coastline. It is suggested that regular utilization of remote sensing data and geographic information system together with ground surveys be employed to monitor erosion rates, thereby assist-ing in pinpointing the most advantageous sites for protective barriers along the Nigerian coast in an effort to curtail coastal erosion.
Thermodynamic transformation determining the essence of time
Authors: Dobija Mieczysław , Renkas Jurij
Published: March 2023

The consistent application of thermodynamic knowledge makes it possible to analyze in detail and modify the definition of time formulated by Isaac Newton. It also makes it possible to integrate Immanuel Kant's ideas about the relationship of human sensuality with the modern category of time. As a result of these analyses, there is an updated definition and indication of the constant that determines the rate of passage of time. A distinction between the concepts of time and duration emerged, making it possible to conclude that only processes described by the category of duration can be reversible. Other processes considered in terms of time are irreversible. The main purpose of this article is to precisely define the original thermodynamic transformation, which is the basis for measuring the pace and feeling of the course of time.
Antihyperlipidemic effect of Punica granatum mesocarp extract (PGME) in rats
Authors: Afify Afaf , Hassan Zeinab , Abd El-Mageed Nehal , El-Mahmoudy Abubakr
Published: March 2023

Hyperlipidemia is an umbrella term that refers to any disorder of elevated level of lipids circulating in the blood; and is considered the most significant risk factor contributing to the prevalence of cardiovascular, hepatic, and other diseases. The present study was designed to evaluate the possible antihyperlipidemic potential Punica granatum mesocarp extract (PGME) in albino rats using high-fat diet model of hyperlipidemia. Forty-two albino rats were utilized in this experiment arranged randomly in seven groups, six rats each, of different treatments. Hyperlipidemia model was induced by incorporating coconut oil (1.5% w/w) and cholesterol (1.5 % w/w) in diet supplied to rats, for 6 weeks (+ve control); test group rats received PGME at escalating doses of 100 or 200 mg/kg, orally, daily for 6 weeks with keeping on high-fat diet; standard group rats received Rosuvastatin at dose of 2 mg/kg, orally, daily for 6 weeks along with high-fat diet; further 2 groups of rats received only PGME at the same dose levels with keeping on normal diet; while rats of -ve control group received only the vehicles of the used agents. Blood samples were picked out at the end of the experimental course for different assays. Clinicochemical analyses revealed that PGME exhibited dose-dependent protection against hyperlipidemia indicated by improved biomarkers, including, lipid profile parameters, namely cholesterol, triacylglycerols and lipoproteins; enzymatic hepatic parameters, namely, AST, ALT, and GGT; and non-enzymatic parameters, namely, total protein, albumin, globulins, total bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin, unconjugated bilirubin. The mechanism of the obtained lipid profile improvement of PGME may be based on the phytochemical principals Tannins, Phenolics and Flavonoids, indicated by preliminary detection tests. Data of the present study may suggest PGME as a good natural source for promising antihyperlipidemic remedies.Â Â
Modification of hummers presses for synthesis graphene oxide nano-sheets and graphene oxide /Ag nanocomposites
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, Kamil A. F. , Abdullah H. I. ,   Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, Rheima A. M. ,   Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Wasit, kut, Iraq, Khamis W. M. ,   Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: March 2023

Graphite is a based on three-domination functionalized carbon content made up of millions of graphene layers. In this study, graphene oxide (GO) and graphene oxide\Ag nanocomposites (GO-Ag) have been synthesized in a single layer using a modified Hummer method. The morphology and structural characteristics of GO and GO-Ag nanocomposites were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmitted electron microscopy (TEM), and Raman spectroscopy. The results of TEM indicated the single and double layer structure with thickness of 4-6 nm for GO Nano-sheets prepared in this analysis. The particles size of silver on a surface of GO was to be less than 20 nm.
Antagonistic properties of a probiotic preparation containing bacteria of the genera Bacillus and Enterococcus
Authors: Chechet O. M. , Kovalenko V. L. , Horbatyuk O. I. , Gaidei O. S. , Kravtsova O. L. , Andriyashchuk V. O. , Musiets I. V. , Ordynska D. O.
Published: March 2023

Complex probiotic preparations with spore-forming microorganisms of the genus Bacillus and other types of bacteria in their composition have a high biological activity and are of scientific and practical interest. In our laboratory experiments, we determined the level of antagonistic activity of the newly developed probiotic preparation containing strains of bacteria B. subtilis, B. licheniformis, B. coagulans in a complex with Enterococcus faecium, products of their own fermentation, other natural substances and a sorbent made of natural aluminosilicates. The antagonistic properties of the probiotic preparation were examined by diffusion methods of delayed antagonism and agar blocks. In order to identify the antagonistic action of the experimental probiotic preparation, we used Gram-negative and Gram-positive test cultures of bacteria from the Museum of Strains of Microorganism Cultures of the Research Bacteriology Department. The results of laboratory studies indicated the antagonistic effectiveness of the experimental probiotic preparation in its interaction with test microorganisms. This was confirmed by the indicators of the diameters of the growth inhibition zones of the tested bacteria, ranging 27–36 and more and corresponding to high and very high levels of antagonistic activity of the experimental probiotic. The use of the developed probiotic preparation in poultry farming would ensure the correct formation of microbiocenosis in gthe astrointestinal tract of poultry from hatching, increase local immunity, support a stable epizootic situation by preventing bacterial infections among poultry through biological means, and therefore contribute to production of ecologically high-quality and safe products of poultry farming.
Winter wheat cytogenetic variability under the action of a chemical supermutagen
Authors: Horshchar V. , Nazarenko M.
Published: March 2023

The analysis of cytogenetic activity is a key component in determining prospects of future hereditary variability after, subject to a certain mutagenic factor, primarily identifying the significance of the genotype-mutagenic interaction, the correctness of the selected concentrations for more thorough screening of some development parameters. Winter wheat seeds of eight varieties (Balaton, Borovytsia, Zeleny Gai, Zoloto Ukrainy, Kalancha, Niva Odeska, Polyanka, Pochayna) were subjected to ЕМS (ethylmethansulfonate) at the concentrations of 0.025%, 0.05%, 0.10% The exposure lasted for 24 hours. Cytogenetic analysis was carried out for pollen fertility; we also examined the rates and spectras of chromosomal rebuildings in proper cell devision phases in relation to plant gcnotype and concentration of the mutagen. The experiment was aimed at identification of interrection between geotype, concentration of mutagen and mutagen nature, determining genome response to mutagen action. Such indicators of cytogenetic activity as the total rate of chromosomal abnormalities, fragments and double fragments, single and double bridges, micronucleus and lagging chromosomes were studied. The selected concentrations of the mutagen significantly influenced all the analyzed parameters, they can be attributed to the optimal and high range of concentrations according to the nature of the impact on bread wheat. We determined that in the case of the mutagenic action, the genotype had a significantly lesser effect on the nature and rate of individual aberrations than an increase in the concentration, while having a significant effect on the rate of increase in pollen sterility. The mutagen was characterized by a significantly lower site-specificity at the cellular level than other chemical supermutagens, manifesting only in the correlation between individual types of aberrations, but not in the character of the increase in their number. The key parameter to identify the activity of this agent was the frequency of fragments and double fragments, their ratio with bridges.
Drought-tolerance of transgenic winter wheat with partial suppression of the proline dehydrogenase gene
Authors: Dubrovna O. V. , Priadkina G. O. , Mykhalska S. I. , Komisarenko A. G.
Published: March 2023

The global climate changes and the consequent increase in the number of soil and air droughts during the vegetation period of grain crops require the development of new strategies to adapt plants to those yield-decreasing stressors. A relevant way of increasing drought-tolerance of cereals is the use of biotechnological methods, particularly RNA interference, which can down-regulate the activity of plants’ genes and increase concentration of stress metabolites that perform osmoprotective functions during drought. We studied the tolerance to soil moisture shortage in transgenic plants of winter wheat with partial suppression of the proline dehydrogenase gene, obtained using the technology of short interfering RNAs. We analyzed physiological and biochemical parameters and structural elements of yield productivity of 4 wild genotypes and their transgenic lines with reduced activity of proline dehydrogenase in the conditions of 7-day drought during the late booting–ear emergence. We determined that the presence of double-stranded RNA suppressor of the proline dehydrogenase gene in transgenic lines led to increase in the level of accumulation of free proline in flag leaves. At the same time, its concentration in transgenic lines was higher than in untransformed plants of the wild genotypes in both drought conditions and conditions of sufficient moisture. We found that against the background of water deficiency, the total chlorophyll content in leaves of plants of transgenic lines was significantly higher, and the ratio of carotenoids to chlorophyll was lower than in plants of the wild genotypes, suggesting mitigation of the negative impact of drought on the plants of transgenic lines. Lacking soil moisture, genetically altered lines of wheat had significantly higher parameters of the structure of grain yield compared with untransformed genotypes. At the same time, we observed genotypic difference according to grain productivity in biotechnological plants. Therefore, the results we obtained confirm the perspectives of using the technology of short interfering RNAs to increase tolerance of winter wheat to water deficiency.
Patho-histological features of fibroblastic sarcoid in horses
Authors: Portenko M. , Shchebentovska O.
Published: March 2023

Sarcoid is one of the most common skin tumours, which is diagnosed in various breeds of horses at any age regardless of the animal’s sex. Such fibroblastic neoplasm manifests itself in several clinical ways with its specific morphological features. As a rule, it metastasizes rarely but can be locally invasive. The disease’setiology is multifactorial and includes the confirmed role of the bovine papillomavirus and genetic and environmental factors. The article introduces the results of a retrospective study of horses of the Ukrainian riding breed with a fibroblastic sarcoid type, which was localized mainly in the area of the external thoracic vein. Neoplasms were represented by two types. The first one included broad base neoplasms without a pronounced pedicle but with signs of hyperkeratosis. Massive rounded dense formations with an ulcerated surface refer to the second type. To verify the studied types of sarcoid, wide surgical excision of the lesion’svisible parts was performed, followed by the selection of fragments for the pathohistological diagnosis. Also, additional staining methods were used to detect the connective and muscle tissue (Van Gieson’s staining) and elastic fibers (Weigert’s resorcin-fuchsin staining). Microscopically, the neoplasm without a visible pedicle showed signs of hyperkeratosis and acanthosis in the peritumoral epidermal layer. Epidermis desquamation with a significant amount of oxyphilic detritus, diapedesis hemorrhages, and dilated vessels was also detected in some areas. Chaotic placement of fibroblasts and fibrocytes was noted, to a greater extent, subdermally. Anisocytosis and anisokaryosis were expressed moderately. Sarcoids, macroscopically presented in the form of massive dense formations with an ulcerated surface, were histologically characterized by the replacement of the epidermis with cellular elements, subdermal hemorrhages, and the characteristic perpendicular orientation of coarse collagen fibers towards the basement membrane. Closely spaced spindle-shaped cells with fibers forming moiré structures were visualized in the deep dermis layers. Nuclei were hyperchromic and elongated in shape, no atypical mitoses were noted. Pathohistological examination during the identification of a sarcoid type for diagnostic purposes can cause rapid growth and formation of an ulcer. The final diagnosis regarding equine sarcoid can be made based on a combination of clinical signs, histopathological examination, and molecular genetic testing with the isolation of BPV DNA.
Diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease according to human IgG4 and possibilities of evaluating efficacy of the therapy
Authors: Stepanov Y. M. , Tarasova T. S. , Stoikevych M. V. , Gaydar Y. A. , Mylostуva D. F. , Tatarchuk О. M. , Petishko O. P.
Published: March 2023

Taking into account the progress of understanding diagnosis, course prognosis, evaluation of effectiveness of therapy of inflammatory bowel disease and also differentiation diagnosis between its main forms – ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, the search for efficient non-invasive markers for solving those issues is extremely relevant. The patients were divided into groups depending on nosology and severity of the course of the disease. All the patients had undergone endoscopic study for diagnosis verification and biopsy samples were taken for further detection of tissue IgG4 using the immunohistochemical method. Also, we determined concentration of serum IgG4. Increase in IgG4content in blood serum was determined in 54.0% of the cases of inflammatory bowel disease. Concentration of IgG4 in patients suffering ulcerative colitis was higher (by 2.31 and 2.46 times) compared with its level in the control group and patients with Crohn’s disease, respectively. We found relationships between the concentration of serum IgG4 and the activity of the disease. In patients with ulcerative colitis, increased tissue IgG4 was found more often than in patients with Crohn’s disease (by 2.77 times, Р < 0.05). We determined the relationship between tissue IgG4 and histological activity. Simultaneous increase in serum IgG4 and presence of tissue IgG4 during ulcerative colitis were more frequent than during Crohn’s disease (by 2.66 times). In all examined groups of patients, we determined decrease in serum IgG4 content (by 1.66 times) after treatment. Concentration of serum IgG4 and positive tissue IgG4 in ulcerative colitis patients exceeded such in Crohn’s disease patients, which may be used for differentiation diagnosis between those disease types. We determined dependence of IgG4 concentration on severity and duration of the disease, which could be used as a prognostic marker. Decrease in IgG4 content in blood serum against the background of the therapy shows that this indicator could be used as a marker of treatment efficacy. Perspectives of further studies are as follows: parameters of concentration of serum IgG4 and presence of tissue IgG4 could be used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and be introduced to practice for differentiation diagnosis between ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, and could be used as prognostic marker of severity of the disease and therapy efficacy.
Low doses of imidacloprid induce neurotoxic effects in adult marsh frogs: GFAP, NfL, and angiostatin as biomarkers
Authors: Yermolenko S. V. , Nedzvetsky V. S. , Gasso V. Y. , Spirina V. A. , Petrushevskyi V. B. , Kyrychenko V. V.
Published: March 2023

Imidacloprid is one of the most widely used insecticides in the world. The neurotoxicity of imidacloprid in adult amphibians has not been studied thoroughly. We investigated the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament light chain (NfL) and angiostatin in the amphibian brain to identify valid biomarkers of low dose imidacloprid exposure. For the experiment, 30 individuals of the marsh frog Pelophylax ridibundus were selected. The amphibians were divided into five groups. The duration of the experiment was 7 and 21 days. The exposure concentrations were 10 and 100 µg/L. The results of the study revealed a decrease in the expression of GFAP after 7 days in the exposure groups of 10 and 100 μg/L. An increase in the level of NfL was observed in the group exposed to 10 μg/L after 21 days of the experiment. The angiostatin level was increased after 7 days at 10 µg/L and after 21 days at 100 µg/L. The data obtained indicate that low concentrations of imidacloprid can cause neurotoxic effects in the brain of P. ridibundus. Such effects can have a significant impact on amphibian populations. According to the results of the study of the expression level of GFAP, NfL and angiostatin, it can be stated that imidacloprid has a neurotoxic effect on adult marsh frogs. The studied indicators can be promising biomarkers of environmental pollution by neonicotinoids.
Investigation of combustion gases of Li-ion, Ni–Cd and Pbq batteries
Authors: Benke István , Papp Csenge , Kerekes Zsuzsanna , Kuti Rajmund
Published: March 2023

Appliances used in everyday life, like smart phones, notebooks; do-it-yourself machineries usually operate with battery instead of power supply. It means comfort to users however; they expose them to different dangers. In the last few years, several fire cases happened in connection with these appliances while charging and usage, which have driven the attention to the dangers of battery technology. Regarding the actuality of the topic, combustion products developing during the burning process of batteries with 1:1 ratio burning experiments were investigated, experiences and results from that are represented in this paper. The aim of the research is to call the attention to the flammability properties of lithium-ion and other batteries, the possible dangers and in case of fire to support the involved personnel.
A primer hyperaldosteronismus genetikája
Authors: Vékony Bálint , Igaz Péter
Published: March 2023

A szekunder magas vérnyomás egyik leggyakoribb oka a primer hyperaldosteronismus.
A primer hyperaldosteronismus a mellékvesekéreg autonóm
aldoszteron-túltermelésével jár; a magas szérum-aldoszteronszint magas
vérnyomáshoz és hypokalaemiához vezethet, kezeletlenül pedig számos
patofiziológiai következményt von maga után. Diagnózisa és kezelése a beteg
tünetmentességét vagy akár teljes gyógyulását eredményezi, mivel kórformától
függően műtéti úton gyógyítható vagy gyógyszeresen kezelhető. A diagnózis
felállításának nehézségei miatt jelenleg gyakran aluldiagnosztizált kórkép. Két
leggyakoribb formája az egyoldali aldoszterontermelő adenoma és a bilaterális
adrenalis hyperplasia. Az esetek többségében a betegség kialakulása sporadikus,
de léteznek ritka öröklődő formái: a familiaris hyperaldosteronismus I–IV. és a
primer hyperaldosteronismus görcsökkel és neurológiai abnormalitásokkal
szindróma. Az I-es típusú familiaris hyperaldosteronismust a kortizol- és
aldoszteron-bioszintézis utolsó lépését katalizáló enzimet kódoló gének
kiegyenlítetlen átkereszteződése okozza, míg a többi öröklődő kórkép
kialakulásáért ioncsatornákat kódoló gének mutációi felelősek. A sporadikus
adenomák döntő részében a betegség kialakulásában kulcsszerepet játszó
szomatikus mutációk mutathatók ki. E szomatikus mutációk által érintett gének
között szép számmal találunk az öröklődő formákban csírasejtes mutációk révén
érintett géneket, ami az öröklődő és a sporadikus formák közös
patomechanizmusára utal. Összefoglaló cikkünkben a primer hyperaldosteronismus
genetikai hátterét, a familiaris és sporadikus formáiban szerepet játszó géneket
és ezek mutációit mutatjuk be, kitekintve ezen ismeretek tudományos, terápiás és
diagnosztikus relevanciáira is. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(9): 332–338.
Triamcinolone acetonide induces the autophagy of Ag85B-treated WI-38 cells via SIRT1/FOXO3 pathway
Authors: Luo Li , Zhou Lei , Luo Linzi , Feng Dan , Ding Yan , Lu Zhibin , Nie Ganjuan , Bai Liqiong , Xiao Yangbao
Published: March 2023

Background: Tracheobronchial stenosis due to tuberculosis (TSTB) seriously threatens the health of tuberculosis patients. The inflammation and autophagy of fibroblasts affect the development of TSTB. Triamcinolone acetonide (TA) can regulate the autophagy of fibroblasts. Nevertheless, the impact of TA on TSTB and underlying mechanism has remained unclear.
Objective: To study the impact of TA on TSTB and underlying mechanism.
Material and Methods: In order to simulate the TSTB-like model in vitro, WI-38 cells were exposed to Ag85B protein. In addition, the cell counting kit (CCK)-8 assay was applied to assess the function of TA in Ag85B-treated WI-38 cells. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was applied to detect the mRNA level of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and forkhead box O3 (FOXO3a), and autophagy-related proteins were evaluated by Western blot analysis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level was investigated by immunohistochemical staining. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent serologic assay was applied to detect the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, hematoxylin and eosin staining was applied to observe tissue injuries.
Results: Ag85B affected WI-38 cell viability in a limited manner, while TA notably suppressed Ag85B-treated WI-38 cell viability. TA induced the apoptosis of Ag85B-treated WI-38 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, Ag85B-treated WI-38 cells demonstrated the upregulation of interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and fibrotic proteins (transforming growth factor-beta [TGF-β] and vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]), which can be significantly destroyed by the TA. Meanwhile, TA reversed Ag85-induced inhibition of cell autophagy by mediation of p62, LC3, and Beclin1. Furthermore, silencing of SIRT1/FOXO3a pathway could reverse the effect of TA on the autophagy of Ag85B-treated cells.
Conclusion: TA significantly induced the autophagy of fibroblasts in Ag85B-treated cells by mediation of SIRT1/FOXO3 pathway. This study established a new theoretical basis for exploring strategies against TSTB.
Combined application of dupilumab and mite allergen-specific immunotherapy in children with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis
Authors: Ding Bo , Lai Yin , Lu Yanming
Published: March 2023

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin disease that manifests in skin dryness, severe itching, and eczema, and can significantly impact a patient’s quality of life. Current treatment regimens do not prevent the recurrence of the disease and are associated with adverse effects. Here, we report two cases of moderate-to-severe AD in children that were treated with dupilumab, a dual inhibitor of IL-4 and IL-13 signaling, in combination with mite allergen-specific immunotherapy.
Case summary: Both patients presented with the diagnosis of AD that was not adequately controlled by the conventional treatment regimen, including topical corticosteroids (TCS), topical calcineurin inhibitors, emollients, and the traditional Chinese medicine treatments. In both patients, AD-associated skin irritation impacted the quality of life, disturbed sleep patterns, and caused stress and anxiety.
Patients received treatment with dupilumab and mite allergen-specific immunotherapy in addition to the baseline treatment regimen of external glucocorticoids (TCS) and oral antihistamines. Nine months after beginning of treatment, clinical symptoms, signs, medication scores, and evaluation scale scores of both children significantly improved, and the treatment was associated with an overall good tolerance.
Conclusion: A combination of dupilumab and mite allergen-specific immunotherapy in addition to the standard anti-AD treatment improves clinical symptoms and is not associated with increased incidence of adverse effects.
A EPIDEMIOLOGIA DA COVID-19 NO PARÁ: UMA ANÁLISE DOS DUZENTOS E QUARENTA MIL CASOS CONFIRMADOS
Authors: Machado Jhennify Albuquerque , Santos Sidnei Cerqueira dos , Campos Ana Cristina Viana
Published: March 2023

O objetivo deste artigo é descrever o perfil epidemiológico da COVID-19 no Pará realizando comparações entre sexo e faixa etária. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, utilizando dados secundários obtidos no boletim epidemiológico da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde do Pará sobre casos acumulados e óbitos por COVID-19, de março até outubro. Os resultados demonstraram que a maioria dos casos ocorreram no sexo feminino, com idade entre 20 e 49 anos. Em 89.231 (37,0%) casos, a raça/etnia não foi informada e 2,3% eram indígenas. Registrou-se 6.675 óbitos, totalizando uma taxa de letalidade de 2,8%. Foi observado diferença estaticamente significativa entre óbitos por COVID-19 entre todas as faixas etárias para os sexos feminino e masculino, exceto entre menores de 20 anos. Conclui-se que há diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os sexos, com casos registrados em todas as faixas etárias e óbitos mais concentrados entre adultos do sexo masculino.
A REDE MÃOS À HORTA: PROMOVENDO GERAÇÃO DE RENDA E SEGURANÇA ALIMENTAR EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA DE COVID-19
Authors: Leão Alexandre Chagas da Silva , Pelegrino Thais Santos , Cócaro Henri
Published: March 2023

O objetivo deste trabalho foi a determinação da contribuição da Rede Mãos à Horta (RMH) para a geração de renda e contribuição á condição de segurança alimentar dos seus integrantes durante o período de abril de 2020 a março de 2021. Os resultados indicaram que a receita bruta total e a quantidade total para todas as categorias de alimentos identificadas na RMH foram, respectivamente, de R$ 60.728,11 e 6.800 Kg. Já quanto a receita bruta e a quantidade das categorias de alimentos da RMH classificadas como do Grupo 1, alinhadas com o Guia Alimentar da População Brasileira, os resultados foram, respectivamente, de R$ 32.796,65 e 5.400 Kg. Concluiu-se que a RMH contribuiu para o enfrentamento aos impactos da pandemia à geração de trabalho e renda, ao mesmo tempo que pela perspectiva da quantidade, contribuiu para melhoria das condições de segurança alimentar e nutricional de seus consumidores.
On geodesic mappings of symmetric pairs
Authors: Kiosak Volodymyr , Lesechko Olexandr , Latysh Olexandr
Published: March 2023

The paper treats properties of pseudo-Riemannian spaces admitting non-trivial geodesic mappings. A symmetric pair of pseudo-Riemannian spaces is a pair of spaces with coinciding values of covariant derivatives for their Riemann tensors. It is proved that the symmetric pair of pseudo-Riemannian spaces, which are not spaces of constant curvatures, are defined unequivocally by their geodesic lines. The research is carried out locally, using tensors, with no restrictions to the sign of the metric tensor and the signature of a space.
Computer modeling based on a neural network as a tool for obtaining criminologically significant information on assessing the state of crime: based on the materials of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors:   Karaganda Economic University of Kazpotrebsoyuz, Bashirov Aleksandr V. , Volchetskaya Tatyana S. ,   Baltic Federal University named after I. Kant, Nurgaliyev Bakhyt M. ,   Karaganda Economic University of Kazpotrebsoyuz, Khanov Talgat A. ,   Karaganda Economic University of Kazpotrebsoyuz
Published: March 2023

The purpose of the study is to obtain the missing information related to the assessment of the degree of influence of changes in some socio-economic factors on the state of crime and its individual manifestations. The motivation for the study is related to the initiative of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan Kassym Jomart Tokayev to increase the minimum wage. The justification for the increase in the minimum wage was a calculation that showed an increase in gross domestic product by 1.5%. The method of research is computer modeling based on the functioning of a neural network. The creation and training of the neural network was based on official statistical data of the Republic of Kazakhstan. At the initial stage of the study, the effectiveness of the chosen method was tested in comparison with other methods of information processing and analysis. The test showed a higher accuracy of calculation using a computer neural network. The dependence of changes in the minimum wage with an increase in gross domestic product and a decrease in the crime rate was confirmed. At the next, main stage of the study, there was a need to improve the neural network by optimizing the input matrix intended for training. Optimization lies in the fact that the learning matrix was formed by those values of socio-economic parameters, the impact of which on the level of crime and crime associated with manifestations of terrorism and extremism is maximal. Test comparisons of calculation results using neural network training optimization showed more accurate data compared to standard neural network training. Using a more advanced neural network, modeling of the expanded impact of changes in the minimum wage on the level of crime and criminal activity of an extremist and terrorist nature was carried out. The simulation results showed that the dependence of changes in the crime rate on changes in the minimum wage has a more complex nature of influence, in which it is important to determine its optimal value. The increase in the minimum wage has practically no effect on crimes of special gravity. They can mitigate the manifestations of peak activity of crimes of particular severity, but they do not have a significant impact on this type of crime. The research group notes the universality of the described software tools. Its application can be significantly expanded and used in various applications related to law enforcement. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.
Digital currency: prospects and analysis of the market of cryptocurrency exchanges in Russia and foreign countries
Authors:   South Ural State University, Dulatova Natalya V.
Published: March 2023

The scant legislative definition of the phenomenon of virtual currencies, the lack of established business circulation and, consequently, the scattered judicial practice, all point to the complexity of understanding the legal status of electronic digital media - digital currency. Since distributed ledger technology is still in its infancy, digital currency users, miners, cryptocurrency exchange owners, tax regulators and policymakers face a number of unresolved issues at the national and international level. It is unlikely that any major economy today would support a cryptocurrency such as bitcoin, which cannot be controlled by a central bank and was created by a secretive cryptographer. Nevertheless, we believe that central banks around the world will launch their own digital currencies, combining the advantages of cryptocurrencies and traditional money. For the future: despite the legislative basis for the fixation of digital currency in Russia, we believe that the further free use and use in civil circulation of cryptocurrency is questionable. Introduction in the near future by the Central Bank of Russia of such a category of object or a type of non-cash money as "digital ruble" practically excludes the free circulation of digital currency. Presumably, that (central bank digital currency, CBDC) or digital ruble will work on the principle of optional means of payment, combining the properties of cash and non-cash funds and subject to issuance by the Bank of Russia in a digital format. The issues related to the legal status of digital rubles today are open and are in the plane of not only civil law, but also constitutional law. The analysis of crypto-exchanges around the world presented in this article reveals one trend - these activities are subject to licensing. For the full development of global financial activities, including the cryptoindustry, the development of competent business legislation on the organizers of trade turnover - crypto-exchanges - with the establishment of general principles of their activities, with the definition of the criteria of these subjects, as well as the content of their actual activities is necessary. To regulate such an institution, a specialized type of licensing is needed, by analogy with fiat money activities, based on the progressive experience of such states as Malta, Estonia, the USA, Canada, Latin America, Switzerland, Japan, etc... Such licensing could be tiered, depending on the volume of cryptocurrency transactions. The creation of strict standardization for any trade, exchange transactions with digital currency would allow Russia to be a full participant in global business. Finally, improving the legal literacy of Russians when participating in exchange activities will raise the status of investment, allow the population to avoid financial risky operations, which will ultimately contribute to the stabilization of the economic situation in the country. The author declares no conflicts of interests.
Legal regulation of the conflict management system in the UK
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University, Voronkova Ekaterina R.
Published: March 2023

The analysis of the legal regulation of conflict resolution in the organisation and the rather effective practice of its application in Great Britain proves the necessity of using foreign experience to improve Russian labour law in this sphere. At the same time, despite the absence of similar regulations in Russia, it is not enough to speak only of the need to develop and implement them to resolve social and labour disputes that have already arisen in the organisation. The concept of conflict management as a strategic goal of the employer for the development of social and labour relations should be introduced. The conflict management system can be a unity of: the employer's conflict management policy; organizational conditions that ensure distribution and implementation of conflict management authority among representatives of the employer; the system of local regulations mediating conflict management in the organization; and conflict management procedures. Conflict management procedures should include both measures to anticipate and prevent disagreements in the course of joint work activities and to resolve and resolve conflicts that have arisen. Preventing the emergence of conflicts involves: 1) creation of a culture of diversity and inclusive environment in the organisation; 2) detailed regulation of business processes with clear distribution of functions between structural units and labour duties between employees occupying relevant positions; 3) distribution of conflict management responsibilities between employer representatives using management levels; 4) procedures for organising and conducting training of officials in conflict management; 5) informing and advising employees on ur. Regulations on the structural subdivisions of the organisation, job descriptions of heads of structural subdivisions should stipulate responsibilities for settlement and resolution of conflicts, including personal interviews with subordinate employees to prevent disagreement, acceptance of applications and complaints, their review and making initial (final) decisions on the complaint, etc. The procedures for resolving and settling conflicts that have arisen should describe the procedure for holding employees liable for labour law violations and handling complaints against the employer, its representatives and other participants in the labour process. The conclusions presented in this article could be used by Russian employers in local rulemaking and organisational, managerial and enforcement practice in the organisation. The author declares no conflicts of interests.
The institution of oath (swearing-in) as a measure to encourage truthful testimony
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Semenovskiy Andrey I.
Published: March 2023

The article considers the legal institution of oath in foreign legal systems as a measure to encourage participants in criminal proceedings to give truthful testimony during judicial interrogation. The author uses the comparative and comparative legal analysis, a survey with an inferior alternative, and doctrinal analysis to compare the institution under discussion with other incentive measures and highlight its advantages. In the first part, the author highlights the domestic views on the legal incentive measures to encourage truthful testimony and dwells on their practical effectiveness and legitimacy in relation to individual participants in the criminal process. Analysing the legal measures proposed by Russian researchers, the author emphasizes that such measures, among other challenges, violate the rights of some participants in the criminal process (suspects, the accused). He also indicates some forensic shortcomings of the proposed measures, among which is the stimulation of errors in the perception of the event under investigation. According to the author, if the institution of oath has none of the described shortcomings, it indicates its viability. The second part of the article contains a normative comparative legal analysis of the legislation of foreign countries (Islamic Republic of Iran, Georgia, Germany, and the USA) in terms of the institution under consideration. The third part contains a justification from the standpoint of the domestic legal doctrine, as well as from the standpoint of psychology (taking into account the results of a survey with the effect of an inferior alternative), the possibility of introducing the institution of oath of a non-religious nature by participants in criminal proceedings during the interrogation in the trial as a measure encouraging truthful testimony. These testimonies will be “true” not from the persepctive of the subject of criminal procedural proof, but from the perspective of the interrogated person. In conclusion, the author speaks about the possibility of introducing a legal institution of a non-religious oath (swearing-in) in the Russian criminal process, at least, in the interrogation of participants in the criminal process at the stages of judicial proceedings in a criminal case.
On problems of penal law development
Authors:   Tomsk Institute for Advanced Training ofEmployees of the Federal Penitentiary Service ofRussia, Uvarov Oleg N.
Published: March 2023

Criminal law is obviously developing in a progressive manner in spite of everything. Penal law is currently maintaining the overall level of the system's organization, while in the historical aspect it is generally lowering this level. However, it is only progressive evolution that leads to an increase in the level of the system's organization. The word “regression” in this context can be used to refer to the absence of a really diverse, effective and logically complete system of penalties, both isolating the offender from society and involving direct interaction with society. In the author's opinion, criminal law gains knowledge about the offender's identity, the development of crime in general from criminology; penal law should provide knowledge about penalties, their capabilities, effectiveness, and, most importantly, historical presence and internal content, while criminal law should perceive this knowledge. This is the essence of the progressive evolution of criminal and penal law, which are inextricably linked.