bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Concept of Honor in Contemporary Political Philosophy: A Critical and an Adaptational Argument
Authors: Karalius Gintas
Published: March 2022

In spite of a growing number of contemporary publications in the field of political philosophy that are dedicated to the concept of honor and to it’s analysis, there still is a lack of a systemic presentation of the conceptual field of honor itself. Political theorists and philosophers that treat the subject of honor state out their definitions of honor and compare them with one another, yet a general overview of the competing definitions and their critical comparison is still a rarety. A systemic presentation of all prominent contemporary philosophical studies that treat the concept of honor is useful in two ways. It facilitates the understanding of the main arguments that determine different definitions of honor, as well as it identifies major polemical issues that set the diferent concepts of honor apart. This article suggests two main arguments – a critical and an adaptational – for interpreting and comparing the different concepts of honor in contemporary political philosophy. Structuring the conceptual field of honor with these two arguments offers an analytic tool for further analyses of honor that are based on concrete polemical issues. It also gives a new perspective to explain the reemergence of honor in contemporary political philosophy.
Anxiety and Test Form: The Differences of Test Anxiety Levels in Terms of Test Form
Authors: Wahyuni Lussy Dwiutami , Citraini Rezza , Hutomo Bijak Aditia , Gumelar Gumgum
Published: March 2022

Education is one of the most important aspects of human life. In the education file, examination is an important part to evaluate the progress of the students. The students need to fulfill the test parameters and indicators in order to move to the higher level of class or higher degree. The common feeling while students feel anxious in facing the test is called test anxiety. There are several factors that affect test anxiety, and one of the most common sources is the test form. This study aimed to determine the differences in test anxiety levels in students in terms of multiple-choice and matchmaking tests. The population of this study was 142 students of the Faculty of Psychology Education that registered in 2018. The design of this study was a quasi-experimental research with two-group pretest-posttest design. The instrument used in this study was the Reaction to Test scale by Irwin G. Sarason. The results showed that the multiple-choice test anxiety level was higher than the matching test, although the difference was small. The multiple-choice test anxiety level was (M = 2.17) and matchmaking (M = 2.07).
Fluid Homeostasis and Diuretic Therapy in the Neonate
Authors: Slagle Cara , Gist Katja M. , Starr Michelle C. , Hemmelgarn Trina S. , Goldstein Stuart L. , Kent Alison L.
Published: March 2022

Understanding physiologic water balance and homeostasis mechanisms in the neonate is critical for clinicians in the NICU as pathologic fluid accumulation increases the risk for morbidity and mortality. In addition, once this process occurs, treatment is limited. In this review, we will cover fluid homeostasis in the neonate, explain the implications of prematurity on this process, discuss the complexity of fluid accumulation and the development of fluid overload, identify mitigation strategies, and review treatment options.
All Quality Improvement Is Health Equity Work: Designing Improvement to Reduce Disparities
Authors: Lion K. Casey , Faro Elissa Z. , Coker Tumaini R.
Published: March 2022

Quality improvement (QI) can be a critical means by which to achieve equity in health and health care. QI efforts, however, often fail to be designed and implemented through the lens of health equity. In this article, we will discuss the current state of the intersection between QI and health equity, then lay out specific steps researchers and practitioners can take to ensure that their QI work reduces, rather than increases or maintains, existing disparities. These steps include first, understanding existing disparities and, second, utilizing community engagement to ensure that QI enhances health equity. Before embarking on QI work, QI practitioners should first examine their metric of interest by patient characteristics, starting with race and ethnicity, language, and markers of access to care and socioeconomic status. Developing an understanding of existing disparities relevant to the QI project will ensure that the QI interventions can be designed to be most effective in the disadvantaged populations, thus increasing the likelihood that the intervention reduces existing disparities. In designing QI interventions, practitioners must also plan engagement with stakeholder populations ahead of time, to carefully understand their needs and priorities and how best to address them through QI efforts.
Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis for Critical Asthma
Authors: Roberts Alexa Rae , Roddy Meghan , Wilsey Michael John , McKinley Scott Daniel , Sanchez-Teppa Beatriz , Sochet Anthony Alexander
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

Children hospitalized for critical asthma (CA) in the pediatric ICU (PICU) are commonly prescribed stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP) to mitigate risk of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. We sought to describe trends for SUP prescribing and explore for differences in rates of GI bleeding, gastritis, and SUP-related complications for those with and without SUP exposure.

METHODS

We performed a retrospective, multicenter cohort study using the Pediatric Hospital Information System registry among 42 children’s hospitals from 2010 to 2019 including children 3 to 17 years of age admitted to the PICU for CA. Primary outcomes were chronologic and regional variation in SUP prescribing assessed by Joinpoint regression and Pearson’s correlation. Rates of GI bleeding, gastritis, enteric ulceration, and SUP-related complications (C. difficile colitis, necrotizing enterocolitis, and thrombocytopenia) were compared for those with and without SUP exposure.

RESULTS

Of 30 177 children studied, 10 387 (34.4%) received SUP. No episodes of GI bleeding were recorded. One subject developed gastric ulceration and 32 (0.1%) gastritis. Linear trends for SUP were observed with rates increasing from 25.5% in 2010 to 42.1% in 2019 (+1.9% annually). Prescribing varied by institution (range: 5.5% to 97.2%) without correlation to admission volumes. Extremely rare rates of SUP-related complications were noted.

CONCLUSIONS

Although children hospitalized for CA routinely receive SUP, no episodes of GI bleeding were noted over a 10-year period. SUP solely for corticosteroid exposure may be unwarranted. We advocate for a targeted approach to SUP considering alternative risk factors for GI bleeding.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Rajaprakash Meghna , Leppert Mary L.
Published: March 2022

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most prevalent neurobehavioral disorder in childhood. The major components of this disorder are developmentally inappropriate levels of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity, which result in functional impairment in 1 or more areas of academic, social, and emotional function. In addition to the propensity for children to have some compromise of academic and emotional function, children with ADHD also have a higher frequency of co-occurring learning, cognitive, language, motor, and mental health disorders. Similarly, children with developmental disorders have a higher risk of co-occurring ADHD. The diagnosis of ADHD can be ascertained by a review of the risks for the condition, consideration of masquerading conditions, a careful history and physical examination, and the recognition of co-occurring disorders. The signs and symptoms of co-occurring disorders and the management of ADHD differ across early childhood, middle childhood, and adolescence. Management is largely limited to behavioral and pharmacologic interventions, and it favors behavioral strategies in early childhood, pharmacologic and behavioral strategies in middle childhood, and pharmacologic interventions in adolescence. This article offers an approach to the evaluation, presentation, and management of ADHD with a focus on guiding primary care pediatricians.
Reading trajectories in children with language disorders
Authors: Nelson Ryan , Damico Jack S. , Damico Holly L. , Lynch Karen , Abendroth Kathleen J. , Weill Christine , Arrington Laura E. , Percle Amanda
Published: March 2022

Background: The literature on typically developing children's literacy acquisition provides a conventional model of development; however, little is available regarding how children with communicative disorders develop literacy abilities over time. This study describes the temporal trajectories of reading development in three children with diagnoses of language disorders and histories of reading difficulty.

Method: A qualitative research design employing ethnographic data collection and analysis procedures was used. One male (age 8 years 9 months) and two females (ages 7 years 8 months and 7 years 11 months) identified as having impaired language and a history of reading difficulty were followed for 10 months as they engaged in literacy instruction.

Results: Each child demonstrated a unique trajectory of literacy improvement. Trajectories of development were observed across the complexity of the materials read, as well as across variables reflective of comprehension. Variables included formal miscue analysis data, retelling of stories read, and text complexity.

Discussion/conclusion: This study suggests that each language-impaired individual should be considered separately in how they progress and in how progression is manifested. If norm-referenced, standardized evaluation methods had been applied, or if only one sampling period had been used, the changes and progress noted in each of these participants may have been missed.
Helping aphasic patients accomplish greeting exchanges
Authors: Wilainuch Pairote
Published: March 2022

Background: This study explores greeting exchanges in stroke care, in particular the use of the ‘wai’ gesture.

Method: Seventeen patients with Broca's aphasia, some family members, six nurses from district public health centers, and four nurses from a district hospital in northern Thailand were given written consent forms for participation. Thirty counseling sessions were video-recorded in patients’ homes and analyzed using conversation analysis. Direct observation and in-depth interview were also used for supplementary data collection.

Results: These showed a patient's daughter helping her to accomplish a greeting. She was encouraged to use one hand to raise the other hand up. Another patient was only able to raise one hand to conduct the normal ‘wai,’ a potential cause of embarrassment for the patient, as the greeting is always formed by putting the two palms of the hands together. The nurse encouraged him to perform the greeting using one hand through different questions and statements.

Discussion and conclusion: While the ‘wai’ gesture and the spoken greeting ‘sawatdi’ used for social functions plays an important role in stroke counseling, the nursing guidelines in the Barthel Index excluded them in the section on non-verbal communication assessment. This article suggests that they should be taken into account, in order to improve the nursing guidelines to fit the Thai context.
ACCOUNTING ANALYSIS ON EURASIAN COUNTRIES BY APPLYING THE EDGEWORTH’S BOX
Authors:   Valencia University, Spain, Pérez-Benedito Miguel Angel
Published: March 2022

Accounting systems record transactions of goods, services, and products exchanged between units of activities in an economy. The exchanges made are also exchanges of valuations between the accounts as parts and counterparts of their accounting record. The national accounts systems report the activity carried out by a nation in a period, and the financial statements are a synthesis of the decision-making adopted. The paper analyzes the Eurasian economies by showing their accounting equilibria in an Edgeworth box. The measurement of their positions explains the level of risk adopted in a period, which can be transmitted visually to those who participate in the development of a common project. The analysis justifies that the financing of an economy must maintain a productive capacity to obtain a monetary saving greater than the economic result of the period. This criterion indicates whether the activity carried out is a position of growth, risk, or migration. According to the explanatory level of the economic and financial behavior of analyzed economies, the Edgeworth box has become the laboratory of the research developed in the paper, and accounting is considered a positive science of the social sciences.
THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON MARKET EFFICIENCY: A COMPARATIVE MARKET ANALYSIS
Authors:   The IIE Vega School, South Africa, Enow Samuel Tabot
Published: March 2022

Covid-19 has had severe consequences on the financial systems of many countries and has altered the manner in which most businesses operate. This adverse situation has a spill-over effect on financial markets where the market efficiency may have been altered, hence using preCovid-19 strategies for investment purposes may no longer be applicable. Market efficiency, which is closely linked to informational efficiency, depicts the extent to which financial markets adjust quickly and correctly to new information. It is instrumental for fundamental analysis. The aim of this study is to analyze the market efficiency during the pandemic in five major financial markets around the world. Using the runs tests, the results indicate that the market efficiency in the JSE and JPX-Nikkei 400 has been altered significantly, while the Nasdaq Index, DAX, and CAC 40 have not changed from what it used to be. This was evident in the significant difference between the expected number of runs and the total number of runs, as indicated by the runs test. The implication of this study is that investment professionals in the JSE and JPX-Nikkei 400 should alter their investment strategies, without which they may incur severe losses.
The Increasing Role of Educational Tourism in the Training System of the World Tourist Industry: A Socio-Philosophical Inquiry
Authors:   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Gerneshiy Vasiliy
Published: March 2022

The article presents the theoretical generalization of educational tourism as a social phenomenon of modern society. It is shown that educational tourism is now an integral part of the international systems of higher education for training in tourism. Educational tourism is seen as a particular social institution included in the life of the modern state and aimed at continuous modernization and stratification. The specificity of educational tourism, consisting of the synergistic unity of education and tourism, pedagogical principles, and forms of organization of tourist activity, is deduced. Methodologically, the work is done based on a comparative analysis of the training system for the tourism industry in the Russian Federation with relevant educational institutions of some European countries (in particular, Great Britain, France, Germany, Switzerland). The author reveals the specifics and characteristics of Russian and European educational systems, considering modern societies' economic, technological, and cultural features for training professional staff for the tourism industry. It is emphasized that European educational institutions have significant historical experience in training specialists for the tourism industry. In this regard, proposals for the use of positive foreign experience in training specialists for the tourism industry in the educational activities of Russian universities are outlined. External and internal conditions and factors influencing the educational systems of tourism and hospitality training have been revealed. Particular attention is paid to the requirements imposed on such systems by the professional community. The article reveals the goals, objectives, and forms of implementation of educational tourism in European and Russian systems of training for tourism and hospitality. The most crucial goal of educational tourism at the state level, according to the author, is the formation of a multilateral personality, capable of active and constructive activities in a multi-ethnic and multi-religious environment, with the ability to live in peace and harmony with people of different ethnic cultures and religions.
The Place of Symbolization in the Psychoanalytic Model of Thinking: Verbal and Pre-Verbal Aspects
Authors:   Private Psychoanalyst, Velikanova Larisa
Published: March 2022

The article describes the process of symbol formation from the point of view of psychoanalytic theory. The author considers verbal and pre-verbal thinking and connects these two types with the process of symbol formation. The model of thinking proposed by W. Bion is taken as a foundation. The subject's ability to symbolize is characterized as inherent in a developed mental apparatus with a verbal type of thinking. Thinking is understood as the process of formation of mental elements from the processed somatic experience. Through the concept of object relations the author shows the difference in the functioning of thinking in a paranoid-schizoid and depressive position. The author introduces the concept of containerization and clarifies the difference between the mechanisms of normal and pathological projective identification, which the subject uses in a paranoid-schizoid position instead of repression. It is pointed out that the excessive use of pathological projective identification makes it impossible to develop thinking and symbol formation. The author defines the ability of the subject to endure frustration as the primary condition for the development of thinking. The secondary is the successful communication between a mother and an infant contributing to the infant's introjection of the maternal alpha function. This allows the mental apparatus to develop and makes it possible to acquire verbal thinking, to transit to a depressive position and to use symbols as products of mature symbol formation. The symbol is understood as a verbal form for somatic experiences, while the symbol does not have the characteristics of the original object. The author demonstrates, that in the early stages of development, the subject does not use the symbolization inherent in verbal thinking, but symbolic equalization, in which no distinction is made between the object and the symbol. Verbal thinking is considered as related to the acoustic remnants of words that are transmitted by the primary object due to the alpha function. In the early stages of development and in the case of a violation of symbol formation, subjects do not use symbols that are containers for somatic experiences, but pre-verbal and pre-symbolic elements. The author concludes that the process of symbolization underlies the development of the mental apparatus.
Prevalence of trigeminocervical convergence mechanisms in episodic and chronic migraine
Authors: Utiumi Marco Antonio Takashi , Küster João Guilherme Bochnia , Godk Keryn Sporh , Santos Maria Luiza dos , Tan Bin Cheng , Mioto Eldislei , Kotsifas Nikolai José Eustátios , Canalli Filho Luiz Carlos , Colombani Gabriel Eduardo Faria , Kowacs Pedro André , Piovesan Elcio Juliato
Published: March 2022

Abstract Background: Migraine pain location and trigeminocervical convergence have limited diagnostic value and have usually been assessed using non-standard verbal descriptors in a small number of centers. Objective: To use non-verbal descriptors of migraine pain location to determine the prevalence of trigeminocervical convergence mechanisms in patients with episodic and chronic migraine. In addition, we explored the factors associated with the presence of convergence. Methods: A multicenter study was carried out. The explicit pain location was explored by asking subjects to indicate, on an electronic form, three points on the anterolateral side and three points on the posterolateral side of the head and neck that represented the common locations of their migraine pain. We evaluated associations of the pain pattern with demographic and psychological features, comorbidities, lifestyle and other headache characteristics. Results: 97 episodic and 113 chronic migraine patients were included. Convergence was present in 116 migraineurs (55%) who indicated dominance of pain in the posterior cervical region. This site was more often involved in the chronic migraine group (21 vs. 33%; p=0.034). The number of migrainous/altered sensitivity symptoms (OR=1.39; 95%CI 1.14–1.71) was associated with convergence independently of the chronification status. In this symptom group, there were statistical associations between convergence and vomiting (p=0.045), tactile allodynia (p<0.001), nuchal rigidity (p<0.001) and movement allodynia (p=0.031). Conclusions: Trigeminocervical convergence is common in migraineurs and, in practice, it might be found frequently in chronic migraineurs. Some features commonly found in this group, such as altered sensitivity symptoms, are associated with this phenomenon.
Nursing professor as being-cared for in the professor-student relationship
Authors: Guerrero-Castañeda Raúl Fernando , Ávila Sansores Grever María , Albañil-Delgado Sergio
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the meaning of professor as being-cared for that is manifested in the nursing professor-student relationship. Method: a qualitative phenomenological study, using Martin Heidegger’s philosophical framework. It was carried out at a public university in Mexico. The phenomenological interview was used as a data collection method. An ontic analysis and a second analysis were carried out through Martin Heidegger’s Hermeneutic circle. Results: within the interviews, 5 main themes were discovered, which were classified as: Care of physical needs, occupation as care; Nursing care teaching; Monitoring and coexisting with professors; Encouraging reflection on care towards authenticity; Students as a person, coexistence and existence of care. Conclusion: nursing professors, in addition to being the one who provides students with necessary knowledge for training nursing professionals, share aspects that involve more than science itself. Professors become a collaborator who hopes to contribute to nursing students’ deepest aspects, impacting their academic training favorably.
Perception of bonding and occupational stress in a multidisciplinary cancer patients health team
Authors: SOUZA Klara Zoz de , LOPES Fernanda Machado
Published: March 2022

Abstract Cancer is the second leading cause of death in Brazil and one of the positive features in the care of cancer patients is the professional-patient bond; however, due to the complexity of the disease, these professionals may develop occupational stress. This study investigated the perception of the bond and occupational stress of professionals who deal with cancer patients. Forty professionals from the surgical clinic and onco-hematology service at a hospital answered a questionnaire about bonding and stress at work. The results showed a greater perception frequency of the therapeutic bond, the same type identified as ideal. The onco-hematology team exhibited higher scores than the surgical clinic team in the perception of the bond and of the ideal therapeutic bond. The average occupational stress level of the participants was 2.08 (moderate), with no difference between the two teams. The power of health work models that use the bond between health professionals and cancer patients as a care technology stands out.
A ARTE NA (RE)CONSTRUÇÃO DA IDENTIDADE DE ADOLESCENTES EM UMA ESCOLA DO CAMPO
Authors: Martines Elizabeth Antônia Leonel de Moraes , Azevedo Suzana Rocha de Souza , Leme Maria Isabel da Silva
Published: March 2022

RESUMO Este trabalho é parte de uma pesquisa que problematizou a construção da identidade do adolescente em processo de escolarização e sua relação com o ensino de Arte. Seu objetivo foi compreender a influência da Arte na construção da identidade de adolescentes em uma escola do campo, através de uma pesquisa qualitativa com doze adolescentes do 6° ao 9° ano que participaram de cinco encontros de vivências artísticas filmadas, com uso de observação participante, registros ampliados e entrevistas. A Psicologia Cultural evidenciou a importância da escola no desenvolvimento da atividade criadora e do ensino da Arte na (re)construção da identidade dos adolescentes, contribuindo para a simbolização de experiências e sentimentos difíceis de serem expressos, como situações de bullying, perdas e lutos, diferenças de gênero e sexualidade. A interpretação das produções artísticas utilizadas constituiu-se em importante instrumento psicológico para lidar com emoções, refletindo-se no desenvolvimento de funções psicológicas superiores.
PROCESSOS DIALÓGICOS NA EJA: REFLETINDO A PARTIR DA PSICOLOGIA CULTURAL
Authors: Silva Vanessa Rosa Bastos da , Oliveira Maria Cláudia Santos Lopes de , Branco Ângela Maria Cristina Uchoa de Abreu , Flores Eileen Pfeiffer
Published: March 2022

RESUMO Quais interações surgem ao se adotar uma postura dialógica nas práticas educacionais com jovens e adultos? Esta é uma questão que tentamos discutir no presente artigo que traz a Psicologia Cultural como arcabouço capaz de oferecer recursos para reflexão sobre os significados inerentes às atividades humanas de construção do conhecimento. A análise aqui destacada relata a experiência desenvolvida através do Projeto de Extensão Universitária do Departamento de Psicologia da Universidade de Brasília intitulado “Livros Abertos - Aqui Todos Contam” durante a realização de dois encontros de Leitura Dialógica em uma escola pública especifica para educação de jovens e adultos em Brasília, Distrito Federal. A experiência nos mostra como a possibilidade de consideração e interpretação dos valores e crenças das pessoas envolvidas em uma determinada atividade pode compor com os processos dialógicos de ensino e aprendizagem de todos os envolvidos.
The burden of coronary heart disease in simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation: coronary angiography as a diagnostic method for all? - a retrospective study
Authors: Marques Joana , Pereira Luísa , Messias Ana , Fonseca Nuno , Cotovio Patrícia , Ferreira Aníbal , Nolasco Fernando
Published: March 2022

Abstract Introduction: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease, which is frequently asymptomatic. This risk increases significantly in those with nephropathy. In selected patients, simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation is the renal and pancreatic replacement therapy of choice, as it increases longevity and stabilizes diabetic complications. Despite essential, universal screening protocols are still controversial for coronary artery disease in this population. Methods: We retrospectively analysed 99 simultaneous pancreas-kidney recipients from our centre from 2011 to 2018 and selected 77 patients who underwent coronary angiography during the pre-transplant evaluation. Our aim was to identify potential risk factors associated with significant lesions on coronary angiography. Results: Almost half of our cohort of 77 candidates submitted to coronary angiography had coronary artery disease. Of these, nearly 30% underwent revascularization, although only one of them reported symptoms of myocardial ischemia. In a univariate analysis, the presence of smoking habits was the only risk factor for coronary artery disease. We also found that 20 or more years of type 1 diabetes mellitus was significantly associated with the presence of coronaropathy. Discussion: Selection of diabetic candidates with acceptable cardiac risk before simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation is imperative. Given the impact of a correct diagnosis and a low procedural risk, we defend the routine use of coronary angiography as the initial screening method for coronary artery disease in this population. Particularly care must be taken in evaluating asymptomatic patients with long-term type 1 diabetes mellitus and smokers.
Profile of professionals working in intradialytic exercise programs in Brazil: a national survey
Authors: Barros Fabrício Sciammarella , Pinheiro Bruno Valle , Ribeiro Heitor Siqueira , Andrade Francini Porcher , Souza Camila Rodrigues de , Amorim Amanda Cruz do Nascimento , Lucinda Leda Marília Fonseca , Reboredo Maycon Moura
Published: March 2022

Abstract Objective: This survey was designed to assess the profile of professionals working in intradialytic exercise programs (IEPs) in Brazil and reveal the motivators and barriers they face. Methods: The survey was sent to physiotherapists and exercise physiologists working in IEPs in Brazil. Phone interviews and electronic forms were used to collect the answers to the survey questionnaire. Results: Forty-one of the 261 included dialysis centers had IEPs; 44 professionals answered the questionnaire over the phone and 26 used the electronic form to do it. A total of 70 professionals (mean age 33.4±7.4 years; 84.3% physiotherapists) answered the questionnaire. Resistance training was the preferred mode of therapy. Most of the IEPs were connected to research and were paid for by private health insurance. The desire to work in a different field (30.0%) and lack of resources (31.4%) were the most prevalent motivator and barrier cited by IEP professionals working in dialysis centers, respectively. Conclusion: The majority of the few professionals that work in IEPs in Brazil are physiotherapists. Lack of resources was the most commonly reported barrier faced by survey respondents.
O flâneur, o malandro e o compadrito: Fractais
Authors: Leite Carlos Augusto Bonifácio
Published: March 2022

RESUMO O presente ensaio procura aproximar três figuras, o flâneur, o malandro e o compadrito, originárias de três grandes cidades do século XIX, Paris, Rio de Janeiro e Buenos Aires, respectivamente, segundo os termos desenvolvidos por Walter Benjamin em ensaio clássico. Por hipótese, os três consistem, não somente, em figuras esmaecidas pelas forças do progresso, mas também performam uma resistência ambivalente a essas forças, particular a cada caso. Ainda poderíamos pensá-los como figuras relacionadas entre si e formadoras de um intrigante desenho diante do crescimento das cidades e do avanço do capitalismo oitocentista.
Occurrence of tick-borne pathogens in dogs in a coastal region of the state of Ceará, northeastern Brazil
Authors: Fonsêca Arícia Débora Vasconcelos , Oliveira Lorena Mayana Beserra de , Jorge Felipe Rodrigues , Cavalcante Ramuelly Olinda , Bevilaqua Claudia Maria Leal , Pinto Francisco José Maia , Santos Jessica Maria Leite dos , Teixeira Bruno Marques , Rodrigues Ana Kétylla Ponte Prado , Braz Gissandra Farias , Viana Geysa Almeida , Costa Edmara Chaves , Serpa Maria Carolina de Azevedo , Weck Bárbara Conte , Labruna Marcelo Bahia
Published: March 2022

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of tick-borne pathogens (Ehrlichia canis, Babesia vogeli, Hepatozoon spp. and Rickettsia spp.) in dogs in Vila de Jericoacoara, coastal region of Ceará, Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 153 animals and analyzed using molecular and serological methods. Sixty animals were found to be infected or exposed to at least one of the pathogens studied. Babesia vogeli was the most prevalent pathogen (15%), followed by E. canis (13.7%) and Hepatozoon spp. (11.8%), which was identified as Hepatozoon canis through sequencing. Twenty dogs (13%) were seroreactive to Rickettsia spp. Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato was observed on 11.8% of the animals. There were associations between age (< 3 years old) and positivity for B. vogeli, and between habitation (stray dogs) and positivity for H. canis. There were also associations between anemia and infection with H. canis, and between leukopenia and exposure to Rickettsia spp. No association was detected between clinical alterations and infection with or exposure to the pathogens studied. The results confirmed that pathogens of veterinary importance are circulating in northeastern Brazil and showed that dogs are exposed to Rickettsia species with zoonotic potential, thus indicating a need for vector control measures.
DGAT2 Inhibition Potentiates Lipid Droplet Formation To Reduce Cytotoxicity in APOL1 Kidney Risk Variants
Authors: Chun Justin , Riella Cristian V. , Chung Hyunjae , Shah Shrijal S. , Wang Minxian , Magraner Jose M. , Ribas Guilherme T. , Ribas Hennrique T. , Zhang Jia-Yue , Alper Seth. L. , Friedman David J. , Pollak Martin R.
Published: March 2022

Significance Statement

Variants G1 and G2 of the gene encoding apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) are associated with increased risk of kidney disease in certain populations. In previous work, the authors demonstrated that recruitment of these variants from the endoplasmic reticulum to lipid droplets is associated with reduced cytotoxicity in podocytes. In this study, they confirm differences in lipid droplet distribution between isogenic human kidney organoids expressing wild-type APOL1 (G0) or risk variant APOL1 (G2), which are affected by the levels of APOL1 expression. They also demonstrate that inhibition of diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2), a key enzyme in triglyceride biosynthesis, upregulates genes involved in lipid droplet formation. DGAT2 inhibitors may thus represent a potential therapeutic approach to reduce the cytotoxic effects of APOL1 risk variants that contribute to APOL1 nephropathy.

Background

Two variants in the gene encoding apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) that are highly associated with African ancestry are major contributors to the large racial disparity in rates of human kidney disease. We previously demonstrated that recruitment of APOL1 risk variants G1 and G2 from the endoplasmic reticulum to lipid droplets leads to reduced APOL1-mediated cytotoxicity in human podocytes.

Methods

We used CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing of induced pluripotent stem cells to develop human-derived APOL1G0/G0 and APOL1G2/G2 kidney organoids on an isogenic background, and performed bulk RNA sequencing of organoids before and after treatment with IFN-γ. We examined the number and distribution of lipid droplets in response to treatment with inhibitors of diacylglycerol O-acyltransferases 1 and 2 (DGAT1 and DGAT2) in kidney cells and organoids.

Results

APOL1 was highly upregulated in response to IFN-γ in human kidney organoids, with greater increases in organoids of high-risk G1 and G2 genotypes compared with wild-type (G0) organoids. RNA sequencing of organoids revealed that high-risk APOL1G2/G2 organoids exhibited downregulation of a number of genes involved in lipogenesis and lipid droplet biogenesis, as well as upregulation of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation. There were fewer lipid droplets in unstimulated high-risk APOL1G2/G2 kidney organoids than in wild-type APOL1G0/G0 organoids. Whereas DGAT1 inhibition reduced kidney organoid lipid droplet number, DGAT2 inhibition unexpectedly increased organoid lipid droplet number. DGAT2 inhibition promoted the recruitment of APOL1 to lipid droplets, with associated reduction in cytotoxicity.

Conclusions

Lipogenesis and lipid droplet formation are important modulators of APOL1-associated cytotoxicity. Inhibition of DGAT2 may offer a potential therapeutic strategy to attenuate cytotoxic effects of APOL1 risk variants.
Impact of metabolic syndrome on the risk of endometrial cancer and the role of lifestyle in prevention
Authors: Pérez-Martín Alejandra Rocío , Castro-Eguiluz Denisse , Cetina-Pérez Lucely , Velasco-Torres Yadira , Bahena-González Antonio , Montes-Servín Edgar , González-Ibarra Ernesto , Espinoza-Romero Raquel , Gallardo-Rincón Dolores
Published: February 2022

Endometrial cancer is the second gynecological cancer with the highest global incidence. Among many associated risk factors, Among the risk factors, metabolic syndrome is an important and preventable one. It comprises a group of conditions that often occur together: central adiposity, hyperglycemia, arterial hypertension, and atherogenic dyslipidemia. This review aimed to describe the epidemiological and biological relationship between metabolic syndrome and endometrial cancer, focusing on the role of lifestyle in prevention. A literature search was carried out in the PubMed database. 4824 publications were screened, and 123 were included for this review. The association between metabolic syndrome and endometrial cancer has been described. Chronic adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance are involved in the development of obesity, particularly visceral adiposity. These changes promote the ideal environment for the development of endometrial cancer. Strategies based on lifestyle modifications may be effective for the prevention of metabolic syndrome and consequently endometrial cancer. Some of these modifications include adopting a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes, depending to the accessibility of these foods for each region. Avoiding ultra-processed foods and increasing daily physical activity were also some suggested modifications. We propose that women be screened for metabolic syndrome to establish early treatment and to possibly prevent endometrial cancer. Clinical trials designed to prove the effect of lifestyle modifications on the prevention of endometrial cancer are needed.
Moving Boundaries in Common Envelope Evolution
Authors: Prust Logan J.
Published: February 2022

The common envelope phase in binary star systems is simulated using the 3-D moving-mesh hydrodynamic code MANGA. The companion object is modeled as a moving boundary condition in our simulations. We outline the methodology of implementing moving boundary conditions into MANGA, which are reactive to hydrodynamic and gravitational forces. The generation of initial conditions for our simulations is discussed, which must be modified near the location of the companion. We show that the size of the companion has a significant effect on the dynamics of the spiral-in, particularly with regard to the orbital separation and eccentricity. We note that our results are sensitive to the spatial resolution of our simulations. We conclude that the finite size of the companion object must be taken into account in future simulations of common envelope evolution.
Propellant Mass Gauging via Modal Analysis on the International Space Station
Authors: Peterson Taylor
Published: February 2022

In order for NASA to obtain sustained human presence in space, a higher fuel gauging accuracy is required. Current gauging methods have a sub 5-10% error which requires an additional fuel margin for any rocket or satellite. Doing this increases weight, therefore creating a higher cost. Gauging technologies capable of solving this problem either do not exist or only exist at low Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs). The Modal Propellant Gauging (MPG) project is an effort to develop a higher resolution, light-weight, and cost efficient fuel gauging method for low-gravity environments. MPG uses excited surface acoustic waves on the outside of the tank to measure the tanks resonant frequencies. In microgravity, the liquid will adhere to and coat the inner walls of the tank. The resonant mode frequencies are sensitive to the presence of liquid, meaning the accuracy of MPG is amplified in low-gravity. Modal measurements are taken using sensors adhered to the outer tank walls and a small data acquisition system. A Frequency Response Function (FRF) is then generated to create a reading for a fuel gauge.The newest iteration of MPG is Modal Propellant Gauging - International Space Station (MPG-ISS), which will undergo 30 days of autonomous testing onboard the ISS. This payload will implement MPG onto two tanks separated into two ISS payload lockers. A set amount of liquid will be transferred between both tanks as data is taken on both and stored on the in-flight computer. The MPG-ISS experiment will help validate the use of MPG on future space mission, such as Artemis. This experiment is the next step for MPG to be used on future mission to the Moon and Mars.
The Effects of Radiation Pressure on Orbiting Mirrors with Non-Zero Eccentricity
Authors: Bechtel Hannah Marie
Published: February 2022

The search for extraterrestrial life has been approached from many angles. For Korpela, et al, among others, the search comes in the form of analyzing stars’ light curves for hints of satellites around exoplanets. Such satellites could be in the form of large, thin, lightweight mirrors, possibly used to redirect sunlight from a star to the surface of a planet. The feasibility and fuel efficiency of such an undertaking would depend heavily on the effects of radiation pressure. My colleagues and I have simulated those satellites using REBOUND (Rein and Liu 2012), an N-body simulator, to understand the effect of radiation pressure on mirrors orbiting an exoplanet. We changed the types of stars, initial orbit orientations, eccentricities, and other variables. Each simulation ran to a pre-set 1000 orbits or until the mirror crashed into the planet or escaped orbit. A list of survival times and other data trends was compiled to identify potentially stable (or quasi-stable) orbits. Overall, it appeared that simulations with initial eccentricity close to zero (0.1, sometimes 0.3) were more like previously investigated initially circular simulations. There were extreme exceptions to this however; some of the initially eccentric simulations lasted for 1000 orbits, while the equivalent initially circular simulations crashed or escaped very early on. We also used the data output from the simulations to create plots like a mirror’s distance from the planet over time and a mirror’s eccentricity over time in order to find possible stability trends. We are still investigating potentially stable configurations.
The Role of Radiation in Common Envelope Evolution
Authors: Prust Logan J.
Published: February 2022

The common envelope phase in binary star systems is simulated using the 3-D moving-mesh hydrodynamic code MANGA. The radiation hydrodynamics module in MANGA is modified using a sub-cycling algorithm to skip unnecessary calculations. The sub-cycling as well as other optimizations reduce computation time by a factor of 3. The generation of appropriate initial conditions for radiation hydrodynamic simulations is discussed.
Modeling the Optical System of NASA's EXCLAIM Mission
Authors: Siebert Gage L
Published: February 2022

NASA's EXperiment for Cryogenic Large-Aperture Intensity Mapping (EXCLAIM), is a balloon-borne instrument that is designed to perform intensity mapping of CO and CII at redshifts as high as z=3.5. It will map galaxy and star formation history over cosmological time. EXCLAIM will also demonstrate novel integrated silicon spectrometers using microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs) that could be an enabling technology for the Origins Space Telescope or other future mid- to far-infrared space telescopes. Here we present progress toward a full electromagnetic simulation of EXCLAIM's optical system at its operational frequencies. The goal of these simulations is to verify the design of the optical system meets mission requirements. When combined with measurements of the instrument, the simulation will also verify that our understanding of the optical system is complete. This work is being done in preparation for the first flight in mid 2022.
Политические предпочтения: эффект экономической уязвимости
Authors: Коротаев Сергей Александрович , Гасюкова Елена Николаевна
Published: February 2022

В статье исследуются воздействующие на политические предпочтения факторы с точки зрения трех конкурирующих теоретических подходов. Формирование политических воззрений может интерпретироваться в терминах социализации (политические предпочтения отражают здравый смысл и представления о должном и правильном, усвоенные в  процессе социализации), утилитаристского взгляда (политические предпочтения как отражение эгоистического интереса индивидов), психологических механизмов (реакция на неопределенность и угрозу). Авторы проводят сопоставление объяснительной силы указанных подходов на примере уязвимых индивидов, используя данные Российского мониторинга экономического положения и здоровья населения НИУ ВШЭ 2015 года. В качестве меры уязвимости респондентов использованы несколько показателей: трудовая нестабильность, страх потери работы и неспособности обеспечить свою жизнь в ближайшем будущем. Фокус на экономически уязвимых респондентах позволяет выявить те социальные предпочтения, которые в разрезе концепции охранительных благ могут быть ассоциированы как отвечающие за сохранение и укрепление социального порядка. Исследуемое авторами политическое пространство строится на двух осях, полученных в результате факторного анализа, и включает предпочтения в сфере экономики (роль государства и частного сектора) и в социальной сфере (отношение к мигрантам). Результаты регрессионного анализа демонстрируют значимость субъективного восприятия уязвимости в сфере занятости и материального благополучия. Уязвимые респонденты, испытывающие страх потерять работу, ориентированы на левую экономическую политику и менее толерантны к мигрантам. Трудовая нестабильность как таковая значимого влияния на политические представления не оказывает. В заключении статьи авторы также обращаются к обсуждению ограничений исследования.
Динамика вступления в материнство в современной России
Authors: Макаренцева Алла Олеговна
Published: February 2022

Статья посвящена исследованию динамики первых рождений в контексте глобальных трансформаций демографического поведения населения. Через изучение такого частного феномена, как вступление в материнство, показаны общие явления: ценностные изменения в обществе, перспективы итоговой рождаемости и уровня бездетности, вызовы демографической политики государства. Статья начинается с описания современной теоретической и методологической рамки исследований рождаемости. Далее автор представляет наблюдаемые тенденции сквозь призму календарного и когортного подходов к анализу рождаемости. Синтез этих подходов позволяет наложить долгосрочные факторы репродуктивного поведения населения, такие как масштабные изменения образа жизни от поколения к поколению, на факторы краткосрочные, в том числе шоковые. На основе динамики погодовых коэффициентов утверждается, что в настоящее время первые рождения сокращаются в возрастах их максимальной интенсивности (20–24 года и 25–29 лет). Кроме того, наверстывание отложенных деторождений среди женщин старше 30 лет до 2016 года интенсифицировалось, а на настоящем этапе замедлилось. Дальнейший анализ показывает, что для когорт 1970–1979 г. р. были характерны высокие темпы откладывания деторождения, а большие потери при наверстывании привели к относительно низким итоговым показателям рождаемости. В когортах 1980–1989 г. р. темпы откладывания были умеренными, а эффективность наверстывания достаточно хорошей. В когортах 1990 г. р. и позже снова ожидаются высокие темпы откладывания вступления в материнство. Если эти темпы у молодого поколения женщин выше, чем у предыдущего, то понижающее давление на календарный суммарный коэффициент рождаемости неизбежно. Автор прогнозирует рост окончательной бездетности в поколениях российских женщин 1980–1990 г. р. Наконец, на фоне других стран мира показаны тенденции к дальнейшей диверсификации моделей репродуктивного поведения: в ходе изменений возрастного профиля первых рождений растет его гетерогенность. Основным источником данных выступает международная база The Human Fertility Database, за период после 2014 года она дополнена данными ежегодных таблиц по Естественному движению населения Росстата.