bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of high and low energy based concentrate diet supplementation on nutrient intake and body weight changes of buffalo bull calves at Subornochar Upozila of Noakhali district in Bangladesh
Authors: Siddiki MA , Amin MR , Kabir AKMA , Faruque MO , Khandaker ZH
Published: September 2021

This study was designed to investigate the effects of supplementation of high and low energy based concentrate diets (13.77 Vs 12.14 MJ/kg DM metabolizable energy) on the nutrient intake and body weight changes of indigenous growing buffalo bull calves in Bangladesh. The crude protein contents of both the supplemented diets were similar (about 12.50% on DM basis). In this study, a total of fifteen indigenous growing buffalo bull calves (av. Live weight 85.10±0.874 kg) were selected from different villages. It was found that the total dry matter intake was the highest (28.22±0.015 g/kg W0.75/d) in group supplemented with high energy concentrate diet along with farmer’s practices (D1), thereafter, in group supplemented with low energy concentrate diet along with farmer’s practices (D2) (27.79±0.015 g/kg W0.75/d) and the lowest (26.39±0.016 g/kg W0.75/d) in control group (D0) in which the animals were fed only farmers practices diet. Similarly, the crude protein intake was the highest in D1 group (2.86 ±0.029 g/kg W0.75/d), followed by D2 group (2.83±0.010 g/kg W0.75/d) and the lowest in farmer’s practices diet, D0 (2.08b±0.021 g/kg W0.75/d).  However, the final body weight of buffalo bull calves was higher in both groups supplemented with concentrate diets (D1 and D2) compared with control (D0) and differed significantly (p<0.01) while there were no significant differences (p>0.05) found between D1 and D2 where high energy concentrate supplementation group buffalo bull claves, D1 tended to be higher than low energy concentrate supplementation group buffalo bull claves, D2. The highest final (254.6 kg) body weight was recorded in high energy concentrate supplemented diets and the lowest (144.0 kg) was found in control. Additionally, the average final body weight was increased by 153.40 kg (151.58%), 150.40 kg (152.22%) and 45.60 kg (46.34%) in D1, D2 and D0 group buffalo bull calves, respectively. On the other hand, the average final body weight of D1 and D2 was increased by 110.60 kg (76.80%) and 105.20 kg (73.05%), respectively, compared with D0. In addition, the highest (6.46) feed conversion efficiency (FCE) was recorded in D1 followed by D2 (6.64) and the lowest (12.17) was found in D0. The trends of cost benefit ratio was the same like other considering factors, the highest (1:3.60) found in D1 followed by D2 (1:3.51) and the lowest (1:1.97) in D0. Finally, considering all the parameters, it was clearly indicated that supplementation of concentrate diet along with farmers practice is essential for fast growing, higher body weight gain and more benefits by rearing buffalo bull calves at Subornochar Upozila of Noakhali district in Bangladesh.

Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2021. 50 (1):50-56
TEMSİLİN İKİ FARKLI YÜZÜ: TANIM VE UNSURLARI BAĞLAMINDA KLASİK DELÂLET ANLAYIŞI İLE MODERN SEMİYOZİS KAVRAMININ KARŞILAŞTIRMALI ANALİZİ
Authors: ÖNDER Şeyma Gülsüm
Published: September 2021

Klasik mantıkta bir şeyin bilgisi ile başka bir şeyin bilgisine ulaşmak anlamındaki delâlet, İslâmî ilimlerde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Diğer yandan semiyotik bilimi, kuruluşundan bu yana düşünceden sanata, bilimden kültüre birçok alanı ilgilendiren bir yapıda gelişme göstermiştir. Alt dallarıyla birlikte göstergebilim ve anlatıbilim gibi bilim dallarının temel terimlerinden biri olarak kullanılan semiyozis ise mantıkçı filozof Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914) tarafından ortaya atılmıştır. Semiyozis kısaca bir göstergenin belli bir zeminde, belli bir anlamda yine belli bir şeyi (nesne) temsil etme sürecine verilen isimdir. Bu makalede temsil olgusu altında değerlendirilen delâlet ve semiyozis terimleri arasındaki temel fark, bu terimlere kendi varlık alanlarında verilen tanımlar ve unsurların bilgisinden hareketle ortaya koyulacaktır. Buna göre girişte, delâletin genelde İslam geleneğinde, özelde ise klasik mantıktaki yerine kısaca değinilecektir. Birinci bölümde delâlet, tanımı ve unsurları ile ele alınırken ikinci bölümde, kısaca modern göstergebilim ekolleri verilerek Peirce semiyotiği ve semiozis kavramı ele alınacaktır. Üçüncü bölümde ise klasik delâlet ile semiyozis kavramlarının oluşumlarında rol oynayan zemin dikkate alınarak karşılaştırmalı analizi yapılacaktır. Sonuç olarak delâletin ortaya çıkış zemini ve içerdiği unsurlar arasındaki ilişkinin akıl merkezli ve yalnızca dâl-medlûl ilişkisine dayalı olduğuna, modern semiyozis kavramının ise nesne odaklı olduğuna ve göstergenin, nesnenin ve zihnin birbirleriyle ikili ve üçlü ilişkiler ağı ile örülü bir sistem oluşturduğuna işaret edilecektir. Dolayısıyla semiyozis kavramının nesne odaklı oluşunun, etki alanını sınırlaması dışında, kapsayıcılığı açısından temsil olgusunu delâlet kavramına nazaran daha iyi yansıttığına işaret edilecektir.
WATER SPREAD TEST ON IOT (Internet of Things) BASED AUTOMATIC IRRIGATION SYSTEM
Authors: Noerhayati Eko , Rahmawati Anita , Wahyudi Satriyo Yoga
Published: September 2021

This research is intended to determine the performance of the tools in the sprinkler irrigation system using controls (android). This activity was carried out in an experimental garden in the laboratory Enviro-Hydro of the Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering, University of Islamic Malang, covering an area of 80 m². There are two variables used as a reference for sprinkler performance, namely automatic and manual with each valve opening 45°-90°, on 4 sprinklers installed on the land with a distance of 1 m each other. Water flows from 2 tadons that are placed parallel. The method used to analyze the data using the T test which compares the observation results of water distribution from automatic and manual sprinkler openings. The results of measuring the distribution of automatic and manual sprinkler water show that the results are not much different, only a difference of 1% so that the performance of both automatic and manual sprinklers has not different results.
ANALYSIS OF ROAD CAPACITY AND TRAFFIC PERFORMANCE ON JENDRAL SOEHARTO STREET KUPANG
Authors: Wadu Amy
Published: September 2021

Jendral Soeharto street is one of the streets in Kupang. On this street, traffic jams often occur during peak hours. This study aims to determine the capacity and performance of existing traffic on Jalan Jendral Suharto. This study was analyzed using the Indonesian Road Capacity Guidelines (PKJI2014). Traffic performance analysis begins by calculating traffic flow at peak hours, road side friction, road capacity, degree of saturation, and analysis of space mean speed. The results of the traffic performance analysis show that the degree of saturation (DS) or v/c ratio in the existing conditions has a value of > 0.75, which is 0.98.
ANALYSIS OF PARKING FEASIBILITY CAPACITY AT LANDUNGSARI MARKET, DAU DISTRICT, MALANG REGENCY
Authors: P. Rifky Aldila , A. Andy Kristafi
Published: September 2021

Landungsari Market is one of the traditional markets built by the local village government to accelerate the village economy. Previously, Landungsari Market was a temporary market but with an increase in sellers who were moved from the original Merjosari market so that the local government made the Landungsari market a permanent market today. With the increasing number of seller stalls in the Landungsari market, the parking lot in the Landungsari market has decreased so that it demands the possibility of illegal parking occurs in some areas of the market. The research objective was to determine the characteristics of parking, parking feasibility, and parking solutions. The data used are primary data and secondary data. The results obtained in this study are the number of parking spaces is still less than the number of parking vehicles, namely for two-wheeled parking lots, the parking needs exceed the normal capacity, while the average motorbike parking space unit is 129 parking spaces and the average The car park space unit is 11 parking spaces, so with this condition, it is deemed inappropriate parking facilities and additional parking lots to increase the parking capacity of vehicles, especially for two-wheeled vehicles
A bio-optical model for the estimation of chlorophyll a using animal-borne instruments in an optically complex ecosystem
Authors: Nowak BVR , Bowen WD , Lidgard DC , Iverson SJ
Published: September 2021

Studies using marine animals instrumented with biologging devices to estimate phytoplankton biomass have typically omitted continental shelf regions due to the confounding effects of optically active constituents other than phytoplankton present. The lack of algorithms for these regions is problematic, as they are some of the most biologically productive in the world and are often inhabited by the species of interest. We developed a bio-optical model to estimate chlorophyll a concentration (chl a) using light attenuation (LA) measured using a standard oceanographic instrument in an optically complex water body that is applicable to data collected by animal-borne devices. To achieve this, we conducted a replicated experiment to compare measurements made using time-depth-light recorders (TDLRs) to those of a standard oceanographic instrument (the HyperPro) in an adjacent water body, the Bedford Basin, Nova Scotia, Canada. Measurements of LA made by TDLRs were comparable to those of the HyperPro atdepth. The best supported bio-optical model for the estimation of chl a included both LA measured by the HyperPro and season as a fixed effect. The use of animal-borne devices to collect subsurface chl a data not only provides an opportunity to collect valuable oceanographic data but also allows for the exploration of broader ecological questions relating to the influence of primary productivity on the movement patterns of wide-ranging marine species.
Optimizing The Performance of Civil Servants: A Case Study at The Tax Counseling and Consulting Service Office (KP2KP)
Authors: Hardiyansyah Hardiyansyah , Zaitun Aspi , Firmansyah Ade , Nidyawati Nidyawati
Published: September 2021

The performance of civil servants in the taxation sector will determine the success of state tax revenue. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the performance optimization of the KP2KP employees. Qualitative research with an explanatory research approach. Primary data sources were carried out through in-depth interviews with informants from the KP2KP, field observations and collection of written documentation. After analyzing the data, the researcher found that the optimization of the performance of civil servants with limited human resources can be realized through empowerment, development, competency improvement, employee motivation through adequate compensation and leadership effectiveness in KP2KP. Research results are very important for policy makers in perfecting their policies. Optimizing the performance of civil servants through empowerment, development, increasing competence, providing employee motivation through adequate compensation and leadership effectiveness in KP2KP. This study presents different points of view on the topic of civil servant performance. Increasing the performance optimization of civil servants with limited human resources is a new thing and according to the author's knowledge, the results of this study are the first to explain the increase in the performance optimization of KP2KP employees in Ogan Ilir Regency.

 

Abstrak

Kinerja PNS di bidang perpajakan sangat menentukan keberhasilan penerimaan pajak negara. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis optimalisasi kinerja pegawai KP2KP. Penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan penelitian eksplanatori. Sumber data primer dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan informan dari KP2KP, observasi lapangan dan pengumpulan dokumentasi tertulis. Setelah menganalisis data, peneliti menemukan bahwa optimalisasi kinerja PNS dengan sumber daya manusia yang terbatas dapat diwujudkan melalui pemberdayaan, pengembangan, peningkatan kompetensi, motivasi pegawai melalui kompensasi yang memadai dan efektivitas kepemimpinan di KP2KP. Hasil penelitian sangat penting bagi pengambil kebijakan dalam menyempurnakan kebijakannya. Mengoptimalkan kinerja PNS melalui pemberdayaan, pengembangan, peningkatan kompetensi, pemberian motivasi pegawai melalui kompensasi yang memadai dan efektivitas kepemimpinan di KP2KP. Studi ini menyajikan sudut pandang yang berbeda tentang topik kinerja pegawai negeri. Peningkatan optimalisasi kinerja PNS dengan sumber daya manusia yang terbatas merupakan hal baru dan menurut pengetahuan penulis, hasil penelitian ini merupakan yang pertama menjelaskan peningkatan optimalisasi kinerja pegawai KP2KP di Kabupaten Ogan Ilir.

Kata Kunci :  Kinerja Pegawai, Pelayanan, Penyuluhan, Perpajakan
Pengaruh Sistem Informasi Akuntansi (SIA) Terhadap Efektifitas Pelaporan Akuntansi UMKM Di Desa Banyuanyar
Authors: Srihastuti Eni , Suaidah Imarotus , Isnaniati Siti
Published: September 2021

This study aims to determine how the effect of accounting information systems on the effectiveness of MSME accounting reporting in Banyuanyar village. This research uses descriptive quantitative method to describe the condition of the research object in accordance with the reality. The sampling technique used was incidental sampling, using test instruments including validity and reliability tests. Meanwhile, the data analysis used in this research includes classical assumption test, simple regression analysis, coefficient of determination, and hypothesis testing. Based on the results of the analysis of the validity test and reliability test, it can be seen that all data are valid. All question items for the two variables the significance value is less than the specified significance value. The data are reliable from the Cronbach's alpha test> 0.60. Meanwhile, for the regression test, it is known that the regression line is Y = 39.396 + 0.026X. From the results of the simple regression test conducted, it was found that the application (AIS) of the accounting information system had no effect on the effectiveness of the financial statements received. This can be seen from the t test significance value of 0.656> 0.05. The acceptance of the null hypothesis is due to many factors, including a lack of understanding of the importance of accounting information systems and financial reporting.

 

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh sistem informasi akuntansi terhadap efektifitas pelaporan akuntansi UMKM di desa Banyuanyar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif untuk menggambarkan kondisi objek penelitian sesuai dengan realitanya. Teknik sampling yang dipakai adalah sampling insidental, menggunakan uji instrumen meliputi uji validitas dan reliabilitas. Sedangkan analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian meliputi uji asumsi klasik, analisis regresi sederhana, koefisien determinasi, dan uji hipotesis. Berdasarkan hasil analisis uji validitas dan uji reliabilitas, dapat diketahui semua data bersifat valid. Semua item pertanyaan untuk kedua variabel nilai signifikansinya kurang dari  nilai signifikansi yang ditentukan. Data bersifat reliabel dari uji cronbach’s alpha > 0.60. Sedangkan untuk pengujian regresinya diketahui garis regresinya Y = 39.396+0.026X. Dari hasil uji regresi sederhana yang dilakukan, didapatkan bahwa pengaplikasian (SIA) sistem informasi akuntansi tidak mempunyai pengaruh terhadap efektifitas laporan keuangan diterima. Ini dapat dilihat dari nilai signifikansi uji t sebesar 0,656 > 0,05.  Penerimaan hipotesis nol dikarenakan banyak faktor, diantaranya adalah kurangnya pemahaman tentang arti penting sistem informasi akuntansi dan pelaporan keuangan.

Kata kunci: Sistem Informasi Akuntansi, Laporan Keuangan, UMKM
MODEL MATEMATIS BAURAN PEMASARAN TERHADAP KESUKSESAN PEMASARAN
Authors: Nurisusilawati Isnaini
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis research aims to make marketing mix mathematical modeling and analyze its relationship with the marketing success. Totaling 100 products from 15 types of product categories are used as a research object. Independent variables consist of price, feature, product performance, service, brand, design, distribution, and promotion. Market share is used as a dependent variable and Kano Method is used to construct the mathematical model. The mathematical model constructs in this study has R2 value 28,18%. Price, feature, and design include in must-be requirement which means the variables must be present in a product. The customer will feel dissatisfied if the variables do not exist. Service, distribution, and promotion include in one-dimensional requirement which means adding value to coverage variable will linearly increase market share. Brand and product performance include in attractive requirement which means a little added value to these variables can have a significant impact to the marketing success. The most influential variables on marketing success are brand and distribution.Â Keyword: marketing mix, marketing success, Kano model, mathematical modelÂ Â AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat pemodelan matematis campuran pemasaran dan menganalisis hubungannya dengan keberhasilan pemasaran. Sebanyak 100 produk dari 15 jenis kategori produk digunakan sebagai objek penelitian. Variabel independen terdiri dari harga, fitur, kinerja produk, layanan, merk, desain, distribusi, dan promosi. Pangsa pasar digunakan sebagai variabel dependen dan Metode Kano digunakan untuk membangun model matematika. Model matematika yang dibangun dalam penelitian ini memiliki nilai R2 28,18%. Harga, fitur, dan desain termasuk dalam persyaratan yang harus ada artinya variabel harus ada dalam suatu produk. Pelanggan akan merasa tidak puas jika variabel tidak ada. Layanan, distribusi, dan promosi termasuk dalam persyaratan satu dimensi yang berarti menambahkan nilai ke variabel cakupan secara linier akan meningkatkan pangsa pasar. Kinerja merek dan produk termasuk dalam persyaratan yang menarik yang berarti sedikit nilai tambah bagi variabel-variabel ini dapat memiliki dampak yang signifikan terhadap keberhasilan pemasaran. Variabel yang paling berpengaruh pada keberhasilan pemasaran adalah merk dan distribusi.Â Kata Kunci: bauran pemasaran, keberhasilan pemasaran, model Kano, model matematis
PENENTUAN ULANG RUTE DISTRIBUSI MENGGUNAKAN METODE CLARKE AND WRIGHT SAVING HEURISTIC
Authors: Sukendar Irwan , Sugiyono Andre , Hanifati Pradhita Rifka
Published: September 2021

AbstrakUD  Krisna  Alumunium  merupakan  perusahaan  industri  mebel  dengan  bahan pokok alumunium dalam bentuk perabotan rumah tangga. Produk utama perusahaan tersebut adalah etalase.  Perusahaan  tersebut  telah  melakukan  ekspansi  pasar  hingga  ke  berbagai  daerah. Permasalahan  distribusi  pada  UD  Krisna  Alumunium  adalah  pengaturan  urutan  pengantaran barang  ke  toko  mitra  yang  akan  didatangi,  rute  pendistribusian,  kapasitas  kendaraan,  waktu kepergian  dan  kepulangan  kendaraan.  Perusahaan  tersebut  belum  mempunyai  sistem pendistribusian  produk  yang  tepat  dalam  menentukan  jalur  distribusi  ke  toko  mitra  sehingga jarak  pengiriman  yang  ditempuh  kurang  efektif  dan  belum  mengoptimalkan  kapasitas kendaraan. Hal ini mengakibatkan biaya distribusi menjadi kurang efisien. Dengan keterbatasan kendaraan  yang  dimiliki,  produk  yang  diangkut  belum  dapat  memaksimalkan  kapasitas kendaraan  dan  belum  optimalnya  rute  pengiriman  karena  perusahaan  hanya  mempercayakan kepada  sopir  dan  kernet  untuk  mendistribusikan  produknya.  Solusi  masalah  pada  UD  Krisna Alumunium  dapat  menggunakan  Vehicle  Routing  Problem  dengan  metode  Clarke  and  Wright Saving Heuristic. Berdasarkan perhitungan penulis didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa metode yang digunakan  dalam  penelitian  ini  mampu  menghemat  biaya  sebesar  Rp  1.605.360  dengan persentase 8,41%. Kata kunci: Vehicle Routing Problem, Clarke and Wright Saving Heuristic, Saving Matriks
PEENCANAAN DAN PENGENDALIAN BAHAN BAKU KURSI KAYU BENGKOK DENGA METODE MATERIAL REQUIREMENT PLANNING (MRP) DI CV. ADIL AMBARAWA
Authors: Nisa Khairun , Yusianto Rindra , . Jazuli
Published: September 2021

Abstrak   CV.  Adil  Ambarawa  merupakan  perusahaan  manufaktur  yang  bergerak  dalam pembuatan furniture. Salah satu  furniture yang dihasilkan adalah Kursi Kayu Bengkok. Bentuk kursi ini yang unik dan bengkok yang membuat konsumen tertarik dan senang dengan produk mebel  ini.  Jenis  produksi  pada  perusahaan  tersebut  adalah  produk  produksi  sesuai  dengan permintaan  (make  to  order).  Dalam  melakukan  perencanaan  dan  pengendalian  bahan  baku, perusahaan  mengalami  kendala  karena  belum  dilakukannya  suatu  perencanaan  yang  tepat dalam menentukan kebutuhan bahan baku. Untuk membantu masalah yang terjadi pada CV. Adil Ambarawa,  maka  diterapkan  suatu  metode  Material  Requirement  Planning  (MRP)  yang  dapat membantu  perusahaan  dalam  melakukan  perencanaan  dan  pengendalian  bahan  baku  secara tepat, dan efisien. Biaya yang dikeluarkan perusahaan dalam melakukan pengadaan bahan baku selama  satu  tahun  sebesar  Rp  431.165.000,  sedangkan  dengan  menggunakan  MRP  dengan teknik  lot  sizing  Periodic  Order  Quantity  (POQ),  perusahaan  mengeluarkan  biaya  sebesar  Rp 349.515.467.   Kata Kunci: Material Requirement Planning, Teknik Lot Sizing, Perencanaan Bahan Baku
Agua, contaminación y su manejo en la Región Norte de México: el caso del Río Sonora
Authors: Haro Velarde Noemi , Salazar Adams Alejandro
Published: September 2021

This paper describes the formulation of the decision agenda of “Río Sonora” Trust (FRS)’s Technical Committee (TC), established in 2014 to compensate for the damage caused by Buenavista del Cobre Company’s copper leach spill in the Sonora River Basin. The Multiple Streams Approach (MSA) (Kingdon, 2014) was used to analyze the participation and criteria for technical feasibility and the anticipation of future limitations of the alternatives discussed by the FRS’ Technical Committee. The analysis showed that the approved alternatives were formulated and implemented by hidden participants and characterized by their high visibility, low compliance with the technical feasibility criteria, and long-term costs aversion. The results contribute to the understanding of the MSA virtues for the analysis of the remediation of environmental disasters agenda.
Institutional principles of social trust in the context of fiscal and monetary security
Authors:   SI ", GRYTSENKO Andrij ,   Institute for Economics and Forecasting of NAS of Ukraine"
Published: September 2021

A review of the state of research on the problems of social confidence in the institutions of fiscal and monetary power as a factor of fiscal and monetary security in foreign and domestic economic literature (taking into account the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic) has been made. It is shown that the research is based mainly on the methodology of functional analysis and measurement of the subjective attitude to the object of trust, which is formed by changes in the behavior of the object and therefore can not serve as a signal to prevent negative trends. Regarding the interpretation of the essence of trust, its deep foundations, which is important for building an effective system of practical actions, in this area there are no generally accepted approaches, but there is a diversity of views and opinions. At the same time, the guidelines for determining the level of economic security in Ukraine, including financial security, are too cumbersome, somewhat outdated and difficult to apply in practice. Basic approaches to understanding and measuring trust and proposals for qualitative characteristics and possible quantitative indicators of social trust in the institutions of fiscal and monetary authority, based not on subjective impressions, but on assessments of the objective state of the fiscal and monetary sphere, are substantiated. It is proposed to build a system for assessing warning signals concerning the possible dynamics of the level of confidence and the risks and dangers, including the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, based on the ratios of hexagon components of macroeconomic indicators that reflect the conditions of the internal and external microeconomic stability , state budget balance, the balance of payments, exchange rate and interest rates). The role of social trust in the institutions of fiscal and monetary power as a basis for balanced dynamics of all components of economic development and a factor of fiscal and monetary security is revealed.
Green manuring with crimson clover as an alternative to mineral fertilization in maize production
Authors: Ambrušec Ljubica , Gantner Ranko , Herman Goran , Gantner Vesna , Bošnjak Krešimir , Bukvić Gordana
Published: September 2021

Role of mineral fertilizers is to complement the soils’ indigenous supply of minerals for crop plants nutrition. Among the mineral nutrients, nitrogen is generally considered as the most yield-contributing. Obtaining nitrogen from legumes is potentially more sustainable than from industrial sources. Crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) has long been appreciated as cover crop grown for green manuring due to its capability for binding the atmospheric nitrogen into plant-available form. Green manuring effects of crimson clover for succeeding maize crop were tested in 2019 year on two locations of Northeastern Croatia differing in soil texture: 1) on the site A where the soil was compact and dominated by clay and 2) on the site B where the soil was loose and dominated by loam. The research was conducted in a year with favourable rainfall during maize vegetation. Results have shown that green manuring with crimson clover for maize as the main crop delivered somewhat lower maize grain and aboveground mass yields than the conventional full-dose mineral fertilization on deep fertile soils around Osijek (Northeastern Croatia). When compared to conventional agronomy, green manuring was associated with additional agrotechnical operations required for crimson clover cover crop establishment and its herbage incorporation into soil prior to seeding main maize crop. Research should be continued in more different environments (year × location combinations) in order to produce reliable evaluation of crimson clover’s green manuring services.
The Importance of Time in Range (TIR) for Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) in the Clinical Practice for Diabetes
Authors: Hiroshi Bando
Published: September 2021

As to the development of treatment for diabetes, Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) has been recently prevalent rapidly. By the analysis of real-time CGM, Ambulatory Glucose Profile (AGP) has been used. It includes time in range (TIR, 70-180 mg/dL), time above range (TAR, >181mg/dL), time below range (TBR, <69 mg/dL), Glycemic Variability (GV), Glucose Management Indicator (GMI), Glycemic variability, Coefficient Of Variation (CV%) and so on. TIR value indicating approximately 70% seems to correlate closely with the HbA1c level of 6.77.0%. Marked discordance of HbA1c values has been found between laboratory HbA1c and estimated HbA1c (eA1c) using GMI from CGM.
Application of Ultraviolet Light for Poultry Production: A Review of Impacts on Behavior, Physiology, and Production
Authors: Rana Md. Sohel , Campbell Dana L. M.
Published: September 2021

The application of ultraviolet (UV) light in poultry production is garnering increased interest with the drive toward improved poultry welfare and optimized production. Poultry can see in the UV spectrum (UVA wavelengths: 320–400 nm) thus inclusion of these shorter wavelengths may be viewed as more natural but are typically excluded in conventional artificial lights. Furthermore, UVB wavelengths (280–315) have physiological impact through stimulation of vitamin D pathways that can then improve skeletal health. However, better understanding of the effects of UV supplementation must occur before implementation practically. This non-systematic literature review aimed to summarize the impacts of UV supplementation on the behavior, welfare, and production of laying hens, meat chickens (breeders and growers), and other domestic poultry species including directions for future research. The literature demonstrated that UVA light has positive impacts on reducing fear and stress responses but in some research, it significantly increases feather pecking over age during the production phase. UVB light will significantly improve skeletal health, but an optimum duration of exposure is necessary to get this benefit. Supplementation with UVB light may have more distinct impacts on egg production and eggshell quality when hens are experiencing a dietary vitamin D3deficiency, or if they are at the terminal end of production. The relative benefits of UVB supplementation across different ages needs to be further verified along with commercial trials to confirm beneficial or detrimental impacts of adding UVA wavelengths. Further research is warranted to determine whether adding natural light wavelengths to indoor poultry production is indeed a positive step toward optimizing commercial housing systems.
Computational Analysis of Bone Remodeling in the Proximal Tibia Under Electrical Stimulation Considering the Piezoelectric Properties
Authors: Bansod Yogesh Deepak , Kebbach Maeruan , Kluess Daniel , Bader Rainer , van Rienen Ursula
Published: September 2021

The piezoelectricity of bone is known to play a crucial role in bone adaptation and remodeling. The application of an external stimulus such as mechanical strain or electric field has the potential to enhance bone formation and implant osseointegration. Therefore, in the present study, the objective is to investigate bone remodeling under electromechanical stimulation as a step towards establishing therapeutic strategies. For the first time, piezoelectric bone remodeling in the human proximal tibia under electro-mechanical loads was analyzed using the finite element method in an open-source framework. The predicted bone density distributions were qualitatively and quantitatively assessed by comparing with the computed tomography (CT) scan and the bone mineral density (BMD) calculated from the CT, respectively. The effect of model parameters such as uniform initial bone density and reference stimulus on the final density distribution was investigated. Results of the parametric study showed that for different values of initial bone density the model predicted similar but not identical final density distribution. It was also shown that higher reference stimulus value yielded lower average bone density at the final time. The present study demonstrates an increase in bone density as a result of electrical stimulation. Thus, to minimize bone loss, for example, due to physical impairment or osteoporosis, mechanical loads during daily physical activities could be partially replaced by therapeutic electrical stimulation.
Role of CXCR4 as a Prognostic Biomarker Associated With the Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Gu Yuyang , Gu Wenyue , Xie Rongrong , Chen Zhi , Xu Tongpeng , Fei Zhenghua
Published: September 2021

Background:Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, accounting for high rates of morbidity and mortality in the population. The tumor microenvironment (TME), which plays a crucial role in GC progression, may serve as an optimal prognostic predictor of GC. In this study, we identified CXC motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) as a TME-related gene among thousands of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We showed thatCXCR4can be used to predict the effect of immunotherapy in patients with GC.

Methods:GC samples obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were analyzed for the presence of stroma (stromal score), the infiltration of immune cells (immune score) in tumor tissues, and the tumor purity (estimate score) using the ESTIMATE (Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumor tissues using Expression data) algorithm. DEGs were sorted based on differences in the values of the three scores. Furthermore, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed to determine the biological processes and pathways enriched in these DEGs. The correlations of scores with clinicopathological features and overall survival (OS) of patients with GC were assessed by the Kaplan–Meier survival and Cox regression analyses. Through subsequent protein–protein interaction (PPI) network and univariate Cox regression analyses, CXCR4 was identified as a TME-related gene. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed to assess the role of CXCR4 in the TME of GC. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to further explore the correlation between tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) and CXCR4. Finally, the TISIDB database was used to predict the efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with GC.

Results:We extracted 1231 TME-related DEGs and by an overlapping screening of PPI network and univariate Cox regression, CXCR4 was identified as a biomarker of TME, which deeply engaged in immune-related biological processes of gastric cancer and have close association with several immunocompetent cells.

Conclusion:CXCR4 may be a useful biomarker of prognosis and an indicator of the TME in GC.
Cryptococcus neoformans Δsgl1 Vaccination Requires Either CD4+ or CD8+ T Cells for Complete Host Protection
Authors: Normile Tyler G. , Rella Antonella , Del Poeta Maurizio
Published: September 2021

Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungal pathogen causing life-threatening meningoencephalitis in susceptible individuals. Fungal vaccine development has been hampered by the fact that cryptococcosis occurs during immunodeficiency. We previously reported that a C. neoformans mutant (Δsgl1) accumulating sterylglucosides (SGs) is avirulent and provides complete protection to WT challenge, even under CD4+ T cell depletion, an immunodeficient condition commonly associated with cryptococcosis. We found high levels of SGs in the lungs post-immunization with Δsgl1 that decreased upon fungal clearance. Th1 cytokines increased whereas Th2 cytokines concurrently decreased, coinciding with a large recruitment of leukocytes to the lungs. Depletion of B or CD8+ T cells did not affect either Δsgl1 clearance or protection from WT challenge. Although CD4+ T cell depletion affected clearance, mice were still protected indicating that clearance of the mutant was not necessary for host protection. Protection was lost only when both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were depleted, highlighting a previously unexplored role of fungal-derived SGs as an immunoadjuvant for host protection against cryptococcosis.
Impact of Age, Sex, and Renal Function on the Efficacy and Safety of Direct Oral Anticoagulants vs. Vitamin K Antagonists for the Treatment of Acute Venous Thromboembolism: A Meta-Analysis of 22,040 Patients
Authors: Zhou Bo , Wu Haoyu , Wang Chen , Lou Bowen , She Jianqing
Published: September 2021

Objective: In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the impact of age, sex, and renal function on the efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) vs. vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) for the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism (VTE).

Methods: Electronic databases (accessed till June 2021) were systematically searched to investigate randomized clinical trials evaluating apixaban, dabigatran, edoxaban, and rivaroxaban vs. VKAs for the treatment of acute VTE. Results were presented as odds ratio (OR) and 95% CIs.

Results: Direct oral anticoagulants were associated with a borderline higher efficacy in women (OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.62–1.02), a significantly higher efficacy in patients with age more than 75 years (OR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.32–0.80), and creatinine clearance <50 ml/min (OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.32–0.99). The primary safety endpoint of major or clinically relevant non-major bleeding was significantly reduced in DOACs as compared to VKAs in both patients with age <75 years (OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.70–0.89) and patients with age more than 75 years (OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.59–0.96). DOACs also show an advantage in terms of major or clinically relevant non-major bleeding in men (OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.60–0.86) and patients with creatinine clearance of more than 50 ml/min (OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.67–0.84).

Conclusions: Direct oral anticoagulants have exhibited clinical preference among patients with acute VTE with decreased thrombosis and bleeding events, especially in patients with age more than 75 years and creatinine clearance <50 ml/min.
MicroRNA-183-3p Is a Predictor of Worsening Heart Failure in Adult Patients With Transposition of the Great Arteries and a Systemic Right Ventricle
Authors: Abu-Halima Masood , Meese Eckart , Abdul-Khaliq Hashim , Raedle-Hurst Tanja
Published: September 2021

Aim: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to play an important role in the progression of heart failure (HF). The aim of our study was to analyze miRNAs in the blood of patients with transposition of the great arteries and a systemic right ventricle (TGA-RV) in order to identify those that predict worsening HF.

Materials and Methods: In 36 patients with TGA-RV, SurePrint™ 8 × 60K Human v21 miRNA microarrays were used to determine the miRNA abundance profiles and compared to 35 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers (HVs). MiRNAs that were most significantly abundant or best related to worsening HF were further validated by RT-qPCR.

Results: Using miRNA array analysis, a total of 50 down-regulated and 56 up-regulated miRNAs were found to be differentially abundant in TGA-RV patients compared to HVs. Six of these 106 miRNAs were significantly related to worsening HF. After validation by RT-qPCR, four miRNAs turned out to be significantly associated with worsening HF, namely miR-150-5p, miR-1255b-5p, miR-423-3p, and miR-183-3p. In the stepwise multivariable Cox regression analysis, ejection fraction of the systemic RV, high sensitive TNT and miR-183-3p were found to be independent predictors of worsening HF (P = 0.001, P = 0.002, and P = 0.001, respectively).

Conclusions: In patients with TGA-RV, miR-183-3p is an independent predictor of worsening HF and thus may be used as additional biomarker in the risk assessment of these patients.
Intersectoral Competition for Water Between Users and Uses in Tamil Nadu-India
Authors: Suresh S.
Published: September 2021

Water is a manageable asset for drinking, food creation, and industry, and demand increases as the population increases. Water for irrigated agriculture, industry and domestic needs in India will go up to 1,072, 130, and 102 billion m3 (BCM) by the year 2050. In the state of Tamil Nadu in 2025, water needs for irrigation, domestic, livestock, and industrial sectors will be 52.7, 1.5, 1, and 2 billion m3, respectively, against the available supply of 24.6 BCM of surface water and 23 BCM of groundwater during the same period. A balance between need and supply is often difficult to achieve. By the year 2050, some 60 per cent of the world’s population will live in cities. In India and Tamil Nadu, 38 and 48 per cent of people will live in cities. Tamil Nadu is the second most urbanized state in India with 48 per cent of its population living in cities. This urban push will demand a large share of common water resources and most of the reservoir systems will face increased water demand for non-agricultural purposes, bringing in imbalances with other sectors, namely agriculture. Contrary to mounting demand, it will be difficult to facilitate the growing need for water. Furthermore, there are social and environmental costs in terms of the diversion of water from agriculture to urban uses. The discharge of sewage and industrial effluents also pollutes surface and groundwater, affecting not only human health but also the entire ecosystem. This paper examines the water management challenges in Tamil Nadu, India with respect to meeting future water demands across competing sectors.
Estimation of Pubertal Growth Spurt Parameters in Children and Adolescents Living at Moderate Altitude in Colombia
Authors: Cossio-Bolaños Marco Antonio , Vidal-Espinoza Ruben , Minango-Negrete Juan , Olivares Pedro R. , Urzua-Alul Luis , de Campos Luis Felipe Castelli Correia , Fuentes-López Jose , Sanchez-Macedo Lucila , Diaz-Bonilla Edilberto , Torres-Galvis Claudia , Gomez-Campos Rossana
Published: September 2021

Objective

Knowledge of the biological parameters of pubertal growth spurt allows verification of secular changes and exploration of the timing of puberty. The aim of the study was to estimate final height, age at peak height velocity (APHV), and peak height velocity PHV (cm/y) in children and adolescents living at moderate altitude in Colombia.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was designed in 2.295 schoolchildren from Bogotá (Colombia) with an age range from 5.0 to 18.9 years. Height (cm) was assessed. Preece–Baines model 1 (1PB) was used to make inferences about mathematical and biological parameters.

Results

The five mathematical parameters estimated in general have reflected quality in the fit to the model, reflecting a small residual error. Final height was reached in boys at 170.8 ± 0.4 cm and in girls at 157.9 ± 0.2 cm. APHV was estimated at 12.71 ± 0.1 years in boys and 10.4 ± 0.2 years in girls. Girls reached APHV 2.2 years earlier than boys. In relation to PHV (cm/y), boys reached higher growth speed in height (7.4 ± 0.4 cm/y), and in girls it was (7.0 ± 0.2 cm/y).

Conclusion

It was determined that final height was reached at 170.8 ± 0.4 cm in boys and 157.9 ± 0.2 cm in girls, and APHV (years) and PHV (cm/ye) were reached relatively early and with average peak velocity similar to Asian and Western populations. A large-scale longitudinal study is needed to confirm these findings.
Gene Signatures of NEUROGENIN3+ Endocrine Progenitor Cells in the Human Pancreas
Authors: Yong Hyo Jeong , Xie Gengqiang , Liu Chengyang , Wang Wei , Naji Ali , Irianto Jerome , Wang Yue J.
Published: September 2021

NEUROGENIN3+ (NEUROG3+) cells are considered to be pancreatic endocrine progenitors. Our current knowledge on the molecular program of NEUROG3+ cells in humans is largely extrapolated from studies in mice. We hypothesized that single-cell RNA-seq enables in-depth exploration of the rare NEUROG3+ cells directly in humans. We aligned four large single-cell RNA-seq datasets from postnatal human pancreas. Our integrated analysis revealed 10 NEUROG3+ epithelial cells from a total of 11,174 pancreatic cells. Noticeably, human NEUROG3+ cells clustered with mature pancreatic cells and epsilon cells displayed the highest frequency of NEUROG3 positivity. We confirmed the co-expression of NEUROG3 with endocrine markers and the high percentage of NEUROG3+ cells among epsilon cells at the protein level based on immunostaining on pancreatic tissue sections. We further identified unique genetic signatures of the NEUROG3+ cells. Regulatory network inference revealed novel transcription factors including Prospero homeobox protein 1 (PROX1) may act jointly with NEUROG3. As NEUROG3 plays a central role in endocrine differentiation, knowledge gained from our study will accelerate the development of beta cell regeneration therapies to treat diabetes.
Conservation Actions in Multi-Species Systems: Species Interactions and Dispersal Costs
Authors: Albers Heidi J. , Cisneros-Pineda Alfredo , Tschirhart John
Published: September 2021

We use the General Equilibrium Ecosystem Model (GEEM) parameterized to Wyoming sagebrush to explore the impact of two common simplifications in bio-economic policy frameworks on species conservation decisions. First, we compare conservation policies based on 2-species food web models to those based on a more complex food web. We find that using the simpler model can miss opportunities for more conservation benefits in the presence of species interactions. Second, we define the impact of species dispersal costs on population distributions in a heterogenous landscape and explore conservation policies to reduce those costs to enable species to move away from disturbed areas. Conservation actions that reduce dispersal costs for all species reflect species interactions and thresholds that determine which species disperse.
GH Overexpression Alters Spermatic Cells MicroRNAome Profile in Transgenic Zebrafish
Authors: Domingues William B. , Silveira Tony L. R. , Nunes Leandro S. , Blodorn Eduardo B. , Schneider Augusto , Corcine Carine D. , Varela Junior Antônio S. , Acosta Izani B. , Kütter Mateus T. , Greif Gonzalo , Robello Carlos , Pinhal Danillo , Marins Luís F. , Campos Vinicius F.
Published: September 2021

Overexpression of growth hormone (GH) in gh-transgenic zebrafish of a highly studied lineage F0104 has earlier been reported to cause increased muscle growth. In addition to this, GH affects a broad range of cellular processes in transgenic fish, such as morphology, physiology, and behavior. Reports show changes such as decreased sperm quality and reduced reproductive performance in transgenic males. It is hypothesized that microRNAs are directly involved in the regulation of fertility potential during spermatogenesis. The primary aim of our study was to verify whether gh overexpression disturbs the sperm miRNA profile and influences the sperm quality in transgenic zebrafish. We report a significant increase in body weight of gh-transgenic males along with associated reduced sperm motility and other kinetic parameters in comparison to the non-transgenic group. MicroRNA transcriptome sequencing of gh-transgenic zebrafish sperms revealed expressions of 186 miRNAs, among which six miRNA were up-regulated (miR-146b, miR-200a-5p, miR-146a, miR-726, miR-184, and miR-738) and sixteen were down-regulated (miR-19d-3p, miR-126a-5p, miR-126b-5p, miR-22a-5p, miR-16c-5p, miR-20a-5p, miR-126b-3p, miR-107a-3p, miR-93, miR-2189, miR-202–5p, miR-221–3p, miR-125a, miR-125b-5p, miR-126a-3p, and miR-30c-5p) in comparison to non-transgenic zebrafish. Some of the dysregulated miRNAs were previously reported to be related to abnormalities in sperm quality and reduced reproduction ability in other species. In this study, an average of 134 differentially expressed miRNAs-targeted genes were predicted using the in silico approach. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that the genes of affected pathways were primarily related to spermatogenesis, sperm motility, and cell apoptosis. Our results suggested that excess GH caused a detrimental effect on sperm microRNAome, consequently reducing the sperm quality and reproductive potential of zebrafish males.