bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANREDERA CORDIFOLIA LEAVES FRACTION AS AN ANTI-HYPERLIPIDEMIA
Authors: Lestari Dwintha
Published: April 2017

Objective: The objective of this research was to evaluate reduction of blood cholesterol level by fraction extracts of binahong (Anredera cordifolia) on male Wistar rats. Methods: The rats were given high fat food every day for 3 months and pure cholesterol on week 0, 3, 7 and 11.  After that each binahong fraction (n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction and water fraction) with doses of 50 mg/kg bw, 100 mg/kg bw, 200 mg/kg bw were given orally for 3 weeks and observed for lipid profile on day 21.   Results: The result showed that n-hexane, ethyl acetate and water fractions of binahong leaves decreased total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL level, and did not influence the HDL level. Meanwhile statin decreased total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL level, and increased HDL level. Conclusion: Ethyl acetate fraction of binahong leaves significantly reduced total cholesterol level, triglycerides, LDL level compared to negative control group (p< 0.05) and had no influence in HDL level. Keywords: Atherosclerosis, Anredera cordifolia, cholesterol
Investigation of phytochemical composition, evaluation of antioxidant, antibacterial activities and toxicity study of Emblica officinalis and Terminalia bellirica fruits
Authors: Badoni Himani , Singh Saumya , Sharma Promila , Waheed Syed Mohsin
Published: April 2017

The present study deals with exploration of various beneficial potential of Emblica officinalis and Terminalia bellirica fruit extracts which includes phytochemical analysis and evaluation of total phenolics content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC) and antimicrobial activity. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was examined using diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH), TPC and TFC assay. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was evaluated by agar well diffusion assay. Although, the extracts prevented the growth of both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. The EOA and EOM extracts both exhibit tannins, saponins, phenols and carbohydrates whereas, alkaloids and flavonoids are found only in EOM, and glycosides showed their presence in aqueous extract only. In contrast, TBA and TBM extracts, both contains alkaloids, tannins, coumarins, flavonoids and phenols. While carbohydrates are present barely in TBM, and TBA extract showed the presence of saponins and glycosides. The TPC results show that EOM (528±.013) has highest phenolic content in it followed by EOA (509±.003), TBM (284±.06) and TBA (280±.036). In TFC analysis too EOM (154±0) showed a higher concentration range of flavonoids followed by EOA (142±0),TBM (126±.017)  and TBA (119±.007). In DPPH scavenging assay EOM (86.88±.310) showed maximum % inhibition followed by EOA (85.32±.414), TBM (80.57±.569) and TBA (75.55±.362) respectively. Antibacterial assay showed varying results for different bacterial strains such as, for EOA (10±1)  demonstrated  highest inhibition against E. coli, EOM (11.5±0.5) exhibited maximum inhibition against S. aureus, for K. pneumoniae EOA (13±2) displayed maximum inhibition and in case P. aeruginosa too EOA (12.5±0.5) showed maximum inhibition while TBM and TBA too showed significant amount of inhibition against test bacterial strains. The antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the extracts were found to be positively associated with the total phenolic and flavonoid content of the extracts. This study was conducted to identify the phytochemical composition of the fruit extracts of the two plants, their antioxidant and antibacterial potential, alongwith their neuroprotective and nootropic role. In order to establish their neuroprotective role, acute toxicity study was conducted on wistar rats to establish the safety of the extracts. The current study demonstrates and compares the antioxidant, antibacterial activities of the fruit extracts of Terminalia bellirica and Emblica officinalis and acute toxicity study further demonstrates that the extracts used are safe to conduct neuroprotective studies. Keywords: TPC(Total phenolic content), TFC(Total flavonoids content), EOM (Emblica officinalis Methanolic fruit extract), EOA(Emblica officinalis aqueous fruit extract) TBM (Terminalia bellirica Methanolic fruit extract) and TBA (Terminalia bellirica aqueous fruit extract).
THE GREEN SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICACY OF SILVER&GOLD NANOSPHERES SYNTHESIZED FROM WHEAT BRAN
Authors: Gupta Sonika
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn the present scenario, biogenic production of gold and silver nanoparticles has evoked considerable interest in terms of their diverse biomedi0058cal applications because of their extremely small size and large surface to volume ratio. Hence, the aims of the current study were to use plant extract for the biosynthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles and to evaluate their antibacterial and antioxidant activity in vitro. First, aqueous silver nitrate and chloroauric acid solutions have been treated with Wheat bran extract;reduction of the silver and chloroaurate ions is witnessed resulting in the formation of highly stable silver and gold nanoparticles in solution. Characterization of synthesized silver and gold nanospheres is made using UV-visible,SEMandTEManalysis, indicated that they ranged from 30 to 55 nm and 45 to 70 nm in size respectively.  The free radical scavenging potential has been investigated using DPPH assay, examined by a UV-visible spectrophotometer and found that AgNPs AuNPs exhibited exceptional potential- compared to wheat bran extract alone. Antimicrobial efficacy against dental disease causing pathogens - Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 7443) and Streptococcus mutans (MTCC 497) was tested using agar diffusion method. The synthesized AgNPs and AuNPs efficiently inhibited the growth of respective pathogens. It could be concluded that these nanospheres can be act as potent antioxidant and antimicrobial agents for commercial application.                                                                                                  Keywords: AgNPS, AuNPS, Wheat Bran, DPPH Scavenging Assay, Antioxidant Activity, Antimicrobial Activity, SEM, TEM
Management of pain using transdermal patches
Authors: Mathews Leya Meriam
Published: April 2017

Transdermal delivery is a non-invasive route of   drug administration through the skin surface that can deliver the drug at a predetermined rate across the dermis to achieve a local or systemic effect. It  is  potentially used as an alternative to oral route of drugs and hypodermic injections. Analgesics are mostly used for various diseases as most of them are associated with severe or mild pain .The use of analgesics as a pain relief patch is now being used commonly. A transdermal analgesic or pain relief patch is a medicated adhesive patch used to relieve minor to severe pain. Currently, the patches are available for many Opioids , Non opioids analgesics. Local anesthetics  and antianginal drugs. The drugs include Fentanyl, Buprenorphine ketoprofen, diclofenacepolamine , piroxicam , Capsaicin ,Nitroglycerine  and Lignocaine . They are available as both matrix and reservoir patches. This review explores the various drugs used to manage pain and their route of administration in terms of frequency, complications and effects
INVESTIGATION OF Helicobacter pylori VIRULENCE GENOTYPE IN GASTRIC BIOPSIES BY PCR
Authors: Al-jelawi- Rabab Omran
Published: April 2017

Background: Helicobacter pylori infections has been associated with the genetic diversity of their virulence factors, the virulence genotypes are valuable as molecular marker in the diagnosis of patients with bacterial infections . Our main objective was to analyze the frequency and allelic genotype of vacA , cagA also investigate another virulence genes of H. pylori. Methods: 75 biopsies of  patients with gastritis and peptic ulcer diseases were selected to investigate the presences of H. pylori and collected from them antrum biopsies, then  genomic DNA was extracted from  antrum biopsies using genomic DNA kit .Subsequently, the virulence genes of H. pylori   were amplified using specific primers including vacA , cagA, cagE and oipA and iceA by PCR in 49 cases that positive to 16SrRNA which previously investigated. Results: A high prevalence of genes cagA  (28.6%), vacAs1bm2 (56.8%), iceA2 (30.6%)  and oipA  (42.9%) was found, while  vacA s2m1  and iceA1 genotypes  was not found in our study.  There was significant correlation between the presence of cagA and cagE genotypes (p = 0.02), suggesting that these two genes almost used together as cag PAI integrity marker. The  presence of cagA gene was significantly associated with peptic ulceration (p ≤ 0.001), whereas different vacA genotypes or iceA2 genotype were no statistically significant  with clinical outcome.  Patients with peptic ulcer disease more likely to have oipA gene (61.9% ) than those with gastritis (38.1%), P = 0.037, also the presence oipA gene was statistically significant with presence iceA2. Conclusion : Most H. pylori genotypes which associated with peptic ulcer and gastritis were moderate virulent strains.
PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF SEAWEEDS ULVA LACTUCA AND EUCHEUMA COTTONII AGAINST BREAST MCF-7 AND COLON HCT-116 CELLS
Authors: Arsianti Ade Arsianti , Fadilah Fadilah , Suid Kusmardi , Yazid Fatmawaty , Wibisono Lies Kurniati , Azizah Norma Nur , Putrianingsih Rista , Murniasih Tutik , Rasyid Abdullah , Pangestuti Ratih
Published: April 2017

Objective: this study is aimed to develop marine resources which is focused on the determination of  phytochemical composition and exploration of seaweeds Ulva Lactuca and Eucheuma cotonii, as a potential  anti-breast cancer and anti-colorectal cancer agents. Methods: Seaweeds Ulva Lactuca collected from Parangtritis beach, Yogyakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. Whereas Eucheuma cottonii collected from Salemo island, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Seaweeds U. lactuca and E. cottonii were macerated in organic solvents, n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol, respectively. After maceration for three days, the mixture was filtered, the filtrate was concentrated by rotary evaporator. The concentrated extract of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and chloroform were then analyzed by thin layer chromatography. Phytochemical test of the concentrated extract were conducted to identify the metabolites containing in the seaweeds. Furthermore, the cytotoxic activity of the n-hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and chloroform extract of Ulva Lactuca and Eucheuma cotonii were evaluated as a growth inhibitor of breast MCF-7 and colorectal HCT-116 cancer cells by MTT cell proliferation assay. Results: Phytochemical test  for the  concentrated extracts of Ulva Lactuca showed the positive result for metabolites of  steroids, glycosides, flavonoid,and tannin. While  the concentrated extracts of E. cottonii showed positive result for metabolites of steroids, glycosides, and flavonoid. Both concentrated extracts of Ulva lactuca and Eucheuma cotonii exhibited anticancer activity against breast MCF-7 and colorectal HCT-116 cells with IC50 ranging of  21 µg/mL  to  99 µg/mL . Conclusion: Our results clearly demonstrate seaweeds Ulva Lactuca and Eucheuma cotonii as a promising candidates for the  new anti-breast and anti-colorectal cancer agents. Keywords: Phytochemistry, Ulva Lactuca, Eucheuma cotonii , anticancer, breast MCF-7, colorectal HCT-116
Role of environmental factors on sleep patterns of different age groups
Authors: Rj Ilankizhai , R Gayatri Devi
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT  OBJECTIVE :The objective of the study is to determine the effect of various environmental factors associated with modern lifestyle,on sleep patterns of three different age groups through a survey based study. METHODSThis was a survey based cross sectional study. A questionnaire which included questions about their lifestyle habits such as caffeine consumption, electronic media or gadget usage, bedtime and wake up time were distributed to people of different ages who were grouped into three age groups. The data collected was then analyzed statistically.  RESULTSMost of the habits of today's sedentary lifestyle such as excessive stimulant consumption and extensive late night usage of electronic media and gadgets have a negative impact on both quality and quantity of sleep. People with such habits tend to have a very short and disturbed sleep. From the current study, it is clearly evident that the group which is most affected are the adolescents. CONCLUSIONAwareness regarding the ill effects of these modern day lifestyle factors would help everyone to minimise the adverse effects of these factors on sleep and aid in adopting a healthy lifestyle.
EFFECT OF SARGASSUM ILICIFOLIUM ON OVOGENESIS IN PCOS INDUCED RATS
Authors: Jayaraman Anbu , Jayaraman Anbu , Krishnan Sukanya , Shivalingappa Santhosh Kumar , Reddy Ramya P S , Nandihalli Vani B
Published: April 2017

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Sargassum ilicifolium (S. ilicifolium) on Testosterone induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) in rats.Methods: Female Wistar albino rats were divided into 6 groups consisting of 6 rats each. PCOS was induced in all the animals except normal group on administration of Testosterone (2 mg/100 g) for 21 d daily. After PCOS induction the standard group rats were treated with Clomiphene citrate (CC) (1 mg/kg p.o.). The test groups were treated with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of ethanolic extract of Sargassum ilicifolium (EESI) orally and normal animals were administered 2% CMC (2 ml/kg) respectively for 21 d. During induction and treatment period various parameters like oestrus cycle, histopathology, hormonal and biochemical assays have been evaluated. Further to confirm the enhanced fertility rate, the rats were mated and the litter size was observed.Results: The results revealed the normalcy in oestrus cycle, hormonal, biochemical and histopathological parameters. The litter size was increased significantly compared to control.Conclusion: Overall, from the obtained results it is determined that the S.  ilicifolium exhibited a good anti-androgenic effect by reducing the Testosterone levels in PCOS induced conditions.
ANTIOXIDANT AND FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING CAPACITY OF EXTENSIVELY USED MEDICINAL PLANT OF PUNICA GRANATUM
Authors: Rajeswari Devi
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The present study was aimed to examine the in vitro antioxidant property and free radical scavenging capacity of Punica granatum leaves, which are widely used in the Ayurvedic treatment.Methods: Aqueous and methanol extracts were prepared and to assess for their Phytochemical analysis to find out the various compounds and total yield of phenolic and flavonoid contents by spectrophotometer methods. Free-radical scavenging capacity and antioxidant activity was estimated by using a number of chemical assays are DPPH, H2O2, FRAP, TRAP and beta carotene assay.Results: It showed that aqueous extract had greatest antioxidant activity and contained significant levels of total phenolic and flavonoids content expressed as mg of gallic acid and quercetin equivalent/g of extracts. The extracts showed antioxidant activity in vivo by protecting yeast cells against oxidative stressing agent H2O2. Conclusion: These results specified the Punica granatum is good source of natural compounds which might have benefits for health, which can be used in dietary application with a possible to reduce oxidative stress.Key words:  Punica granatum, Free-radical scavenging capacity, phytochemical, antioxidant, yeast culture.
ALLEVIATION OF CISPLATIN INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY IN ALBINO RATS BY ROOTS OF Catunaregam uliginosa
Authors: Sreedevi Adikay
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT:Objective: To evaluate the nephroprotective effect of ethanolic extract of roots of Catunaregam ulginosa in cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in albino rats.Methodology: Ethanolic extract was prepared by hot extraction method and subjected to preliminary phytochemical studies. Based on acute toxicity studies nephroprotector was screened at two dose levels i.e., 200mg/kg bd wt and 400 mg/kg bd wt in both curative and prophylactic regimens. Cisplatin at a dose of 5mg/kg bd. wt was given intraperitoneally to induce nephrotoxicity. Nephroprotector activity was assessed by determining blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine(SC), urinary total protein(UTP) and creatinine clearance. Antioxidant enzymes like super oxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutatathione reduced (GSH) activities and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels were determined in renal tissue.  Histological studies had been carried per se.Results: Animals which received cisplatin exhibited significant increase in serum marker levels, increased urinary total protein excretion and reduced creatinine clearance. Further significant decrease in GSH, SOD, CAT and increase in LPO levels was observed. Ethanolic extract of roots of Catunaregam ulginosa reversed the effects induced by cisplatin in dose dependent manner in both curative and prophylactic regimens. Histological studies substantianed the above results.Conclusion: The findings of the present study support the alleviation of cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity by the ethanolic extract of roots of Catunaregam ulginosa and thus validate its ethnomedicinal use.Key words: Catunaregam ulginosa, Cisplatin, Nephrotoxicity, Lipid peroxidation
Study of Multidrug Resistance Pattern among Escherichia coli isolated from patients with Urinary tract infection
Authors: Goyal Soniya , Beniwal Vikas
Published: April 2017

Objective: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are some of the most common bacterial infections encountered in community and cause of significant morbidity and high medical cost. Escherichia coli is the most common pathogen belongs to Enterobacteriaceae family responsible for majority of UTI infections. Antimicrobial drugs have been routinely prescribed for empirical treatment of UTIs which has led to a dramatic increase in antibiotic resistance pattern of E. coli. The aim of present study was to analyse the multidrug resistance patterns (MDR) of E. coli isolated from UTI patients.Methods: A total of 80 urine samples collected from the patients suspected of having UTI attending Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (MMIMSR), Mullana, Ambala were cultured using standard microbiological techniques. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of E.coli was done by using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). MIC of tetracycline, doxycycline, azithromycin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ampicillin, amoxicillin and amikacin was done by agar dilution method.Results: Of the total 46 isolates contributing 33 females and 13 males were confirmed as E. coli. About 51.34% of the female patients belonged to the age group 21-40 yr and 53.84% of the male population belonged to 41-80 yr were found to be more susceptible to UTI infection. All isolates confirmed as E.coli were found to be multidrug resistant. 80% of the isolates exhibited MICs higher than 1000mg/L against β-lactams. 20% of the E. coli isolates exhibited MICs higher than 1000mg/L against ciprofloxacin, amikacin and erythromycin. 23% and 95% of E. coli isolates exhibited MICs less than 128 mg/L against doxycycline and levofloxacin respectively.Conclusion: The present study revealed the decreased susceptibility of the E.coli to all drugs. E. coli resistance profile to beta lactams, quinolones, macrolides, tetracyclines and aminoglycosides were also found to be quite high in this study emphasizing the need to educate public about appropriate use of antibiotics.NA
A CASE REPORT ON ROLE OF N-ACETYLCYSTEINE IN NON–ACETAMINOPHEN RELATED ACUTE LIVER INJURY
Authors: Thampi Anooja
Published: April 2017

Acute liver failure is a clinical entity associated with a high mortality rate and majority of these patients may require liver transplantation. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant agent that replenishes mitochondrial and cytosolic glutathione stores, is an antidote for acetaminophen poisoning. But their role in non–acetaminophen-related acute liver failure is still not proven. Here, we discuss about a 67 year old male patient diagnosed with hepatitis with acute liver injury who was admitted in Emergency Medicine. He was treated with N- Acetylcysteine infusion for an average of 48 hours and later it was found that his liver function tests improved. In this study, we could find that N-Acetylcysteine plays a major role in improving the liver function test of patients with non–acetaminophen-related acute liver failure.
ANTI-DYSENTERY ACTIVITY OF TETRACYCLINE IN COMBINATION WITH CURCUMA XANTHORRHIZA ROXB. OR SONCHUS ARVENSIS L.
Authors: Sukandar Elin Yulinah , Kurniati Neng Fisheri , Purnama Agustinus Bayu
Published: April 2017

Background: Bacterial dysentery, a diarrhea caused by Shigella sp. infection, causes a major morbidity and mortality in rural communities of developing countries. In Indonesia, most of the dysentery patients often use antibiotics in combination with herbal medicine to enhance the effect. Objective: This research aimed to examine the effect of tetracycline in combination with Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. or Sonchus arvensis L. as an anti-dysentery. Methods: Antibacterial activity of each extract against Shigella flexneri was determined by using microdilution method. Furthermore, its activity in combination with tetracycline was determined by using checkerboard method. To assess its effect in in vivo, the drug combination was given orally into S. flexneri–infected rat for 7 consecutive days and total plate count in the feces of the rats were determined. Results: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of tetracycline, ethanol extract of C. xanthorrhiza and S. arvensis against S. flexneri was 4, 128, and 512 mg/100μL, respectively. The combination of each extract with tetracyline could reduce their MIC value, but the total MIC was not lower than 0.5, suggesting an additive interaction. However, in in vivo study, both combinations could reduce the number of bacteria found in the feces of the rat significantly compared to positive control and to tetracycline only-treated rat at day 6 after administration of the drug, suggesting a synergistic interaction. Conclusion: Combination of tetracycline with ethanol extract of C. xanthorrhiza or with S. arvensis is potential to be developed as anti-dysentery drugs against Shigella flexneri.
Effect of unsaponifiable fraction of seeds of Hygrophila spinosa T. Ander on testosterone production of rat Leydig cells in vitro
Authors: Vyas Niraj Yashvantrai
Published: April 2017

Objective of the study: Seeds of Hygrophila spinosa (HS) T. Ander (Acanthaceae) are traditionally used as aphrodisiac and spermatogenic in Indian System of medicine. Preliminary phytochemical screening of plant revealed the presence of triterpenoids and sterols in seeds. The study was planned to assess the effect of unsaponifiable fraction prepared from seeds of HS on isolated rat Leydig cells for testosterone (T) production using in vitro method.Materials and methods: Leydig cells were isolated from wistar rats, aseptically, in vitro by collagenase cell dispersion method. Cells (2 X 106 cells/ml) were then incubated with unsaponifiable fraction of HS (10, 100 and 1000 µg/ml dose levels in triplicate) in incubator at 37°C under atmosphere of 95% CO2 condition for 3 hours in aseptic condition. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) was used as positive control in the study. The amount of T secreted in culture media was estimated using HPTLC. Benzene: Ethyl acetate (5:5% v/v) was employed as mobile phase and silica gel G F254 aluminum coated TLC plate as stationary phase.Results: The results indicated dose dependent increase in testosterone concentration in test groups. Isolated rat Leydig cells treated with the test fraction showed increased amount of testosterone present in culture media as compared to that of control.Conclusion: Unsaponifiable fraction prepared from seeds of HS showed ability to enhance biosynthesis of T in Isolated rat leydig cells. In vitro studies showed that the fraction might act locally in testis on Leydig cells and stimulated testosterone synthesis.
A RARE SEROTYPE SALMONELLA WELTEVREDEN CAUSING ENTERIC FEVER IN AN HIV POSITIVE PATIENT IN MANGALORE
Authors: Manipura Radhakrishna
Published: April 2017

Enteric fever is endemic in India. Usually caused by Salmonella enterica serotypes Typhi and Salmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi A. Enteric fever due to non typhoidal salmonellae is rare. We report an extremely rare case of enteric fever caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Weltevreden in a HIV positive 27 year old male.
BRUCELLAR UVEITIS IN EASTERN INDIA
Authors: Sen Anindita , Banerjee Parthajit , Dutta Devarati , Pal Manas , Ray Atanu , Das Satadal
Published: April 2017

Objective: Brucellosis- one of the major zoonotic diseases, still remains an uncontrolled problem, in regions of high endemicity. Ophthalmic brucellosis is not studied and overlooked in most developing countries.  Considering the severe outcome of undiagnosed ophthalmic brucellosis, in this paper we made attempts to find out whether this disease still remains a health problem in a South East Asian developing country, where study of this disease is largely neglected.  Methods This study was carried out over a one year period from January 2015 to December 2015. Blood samples were collected from clinically confirmed cases of uveitis and they were subjected to five serological and one genus specific molecular investigations, for the detection of Brucella infection.Results Out of 20 uveitis cases, 4 (20%) cases confirmed as brucellar uveitis, by serological tests followed by PCR confirmation. After treatment of brucellosis all the four patients were recovered uneventfully.Conclusion: Brucella infection involving the eye is still a significant problem in South East Asian countries; hence in all uveitis cases in this reason brucellosis should be excluded by available laboratory tests.Government of India (Dept. of Biotechnology the major zoonotic diseases, still remains an uncontrolled problem, in regions of high endemicity. Ophthalmic brucellosis is not studied and overlooked in most developing countries.  Considering the severe outcome of undiagnosed ophthalmic brucellosis, in this paper we made attempts to find out whether this disease still remains a health problem in a South East Asian developing country, where study of this disease is largely neglected.   Methods This study was carried out over a one year period from January 2015 to December 2015. Blood samples were collected from clinically confirmed cases of uveitis and they were subjected to five serological and one genus specific molecular investigations, for the detection of Brucella infection.Results Out of 20 uveitis cases, 4 (20%) cases confirmed as brucellar uveitis, by serological tests followed by PCR confirmation. After treatment of brucellosis all the four patients were recovered uneventfully.Conclusion: Brucella infection involving the eye is still a significant problem in South East Asian countries; hence in all uveitis cases in this reason brucellosis should be excluded by available laboratory tests.
PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILING AND EFFICACY EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL POTENTIAL OF MYRISTICA FRAAGRANS SEED EXTRACTS AGAINST SELECTED MICROORGANISMS
Authors: Shrivastava Vikas
Published: April 2017

Introduction: Traditional plants have been proved as novel source for health care remedies. Plants are the rich source of bioactive compounds which can be useful for health care purpose. Emergence of resistance among pathogenic bacteria against available antibiotics is a common phenomenon. So the plant based bioactive molecule may be an alternative for the development of new formulation. The use of natural bioactive molecules as parental compound for development of new formulation may be safer with less side effects as compared to synthetic chemical compounds. Myristica fraagrans seed are widely used in routine life from ancient time for health care. Traditionally it is being used in for stomach related complications. So the current study pertained to the phytochemical profiling of Myristica fraagrans seed and its efficacy evaluation against some clinically significant bacterial species.Methods:  In this study ethanol and acetone extract of Myristica fraagrans seed (Jaiphal) were prepared via using soxhlet apparatus. Extract were qualitatively analysed to check the phytochemical composition. Then antibacterial efficacy of prepared extracts were analysed by agar well diffusion assay against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus Magetarium, Proteus mirabilis.Results: The result of phytochemical profiling shows the presence of tannin, terpenoids, alkaloids, indole and phenol. Moreover Myristica fraagrans seed extract exhibiting significant antibacterial activity against selected microorganisms.Conclusion: Finding of the study concludes that Myristica fragrans seed ( jiphal )  possess the antimicrobial capabilities against infections and/or diseases caused by chosen microorganisms and seems to be useful in the discovery of novel antibiotic drugs. KEY WORDS: Myristica fraagrans (Jaiphal), Escherichia coli., Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus Magetarium, Proteus mirabilis., antibacterial activity etc.
IN-VITRO CYTOTOXICITY ACTIVITY OF MALAXIS RHEEDEI SW METHANOL EXTRACT AGAINST HELA CELL LINE AND MCF- 7 CELL LINE.
Authors: Haridas Renjini
Published: April 2017

Cancer is a group of diseases caused by loss of cell cycle control. Cancer is associated with abnormal uncontrolled cell growth. The study was aimed to evaluation of the anticancer activity of the Malaxis rheedei Sw. on the HeLa cell line and MCF- 7cell line. The whole plant part of the Malaxis rheedei methanolic extract were tested for its inhibitory effect on HeLa Cell Line and MCF- 7cell line. The cytotoxicity of Malaxis rheedei on HeLa cell and MCF- 7cell line were evaluated by the MTT assay. Malaxis rheedei methanolic extract has significant cytotoxicity effect on MCF- 7cell line in concentration range between 18.75 to 300 µg/ml by using MTT assay and study also showed that inhibitory action on HeLa cell line inconcentration range between 18.75 to 300 µg/ml by using MTT assay. Methanol extract of  the whole plant part of Malaxis rheedei was found to be 7.3%, 16.6%,  25.4%, 36.3% and 47.1%toxic in HeLa cell line and 7.9%, 13.9%, 26%, 48.4% and 66.3% toxic in MCF- 7cell line. IC50 value of Malaxis rheedei on MCF- 7cell was  167.76  µg/ml and IC50 value of Malaxis rheedei on HeLa Cell was not found by MTT assay. From the performed assay, methanol extract of these drug shows greater activity on MCF- 7cell line and little activity on HeLa cell line and that mean Malaxis rheedei can be used as anticancer activity.Keywords: Cytotoxicity Activity, MTT Assay, Malaxis rheedei Sw. , HeLa CellLine, MCF- 7Cell Line.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FLURBIPROFEN FAST DISINTEGRATING TABLETS USING NATURAL SUPERDISINTEGRANTS
Authors: Sarfaraz Mohammed , Sharma Surendra Kumar
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The main objective of this research was to formulate Fast disintegrating tablets of Flurbiprofen incorporating superdisintegrants, isolated from natural sources like Plantago ovata (PO) seeds, Lepidium sativum (LS) seeds and agar-agar.Methods: Superdisintegrants were isolated from their natural sources using reported methods. Swelling index and hydration capacity was determined for the natural superdisintegrants to know their disintegration capacity. The tablet formulations were designed using isolated natural superdisintegrants. The powder blends were evaluated for pre-compressional parameters like angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, carr’s index, and hausner’s ratio. Fast disintegrating tablets were prepared by direct compression method. The compressed tablets were characterized for post compression parameters.Results: All formulations had hardness, friability, weight variation and drug content within the pharmacopoeial limits. The wetting time was 84 to 254 sec, in vitro disintegration time was between 59.2 to 221 sec, and in-vitro drug release was as low as 11.80% (LS1) to a maximum of 98.99% (PO4) after 4 min of study. Among all, optimized formulation was PO4, as it showed good wetting time (84 sec), fastest disintegration time (59.2 sec), dispersion time (135 sec) and drug release of 98.99.% within 4 min.Conclusion: Flurbiprofen FDT’s were successfully developed using isolated natural disintegrants. The natural disintegrants isolated showed promising results and can prove as effective alternative for synthetic disintegrants.
ANTIHYPERURICEMIC AND XANTHINE OXIDASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES OF FRACTIONS FROM ETHANOLIC LEAVES EXTRACT OF STELECHOCARPUS BURAHOL
Authors: Sunarni Titik
Published: April 2017

Objectives: The aims of the research were to evaluate antihyperuricemic and xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity of fractions from ethanolic leaves extract of Stelechocarpus burahol. Methods: S. burahol leaves powder was extracted in ethanol by maceration method, then extract was fractionated by liquid-liquid extraction method using n-hexane and ethyl acetate. Hyperuricemic rat model was induced by administered potassium oxonate intraperitoneally. The activity of these fractions on XO inhibitory was determined by measuring the uric acid formation using UV-Vis spectrophotometry method after incubating with XO.   Results: The n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions significantly (p < 0.05) reduce the uric level by 32.0 and 28.0% respectively compared to uric acid level of hyperuricemic group at one hour after drug administration (p < 0.05). On XO inhibitory activity test, only n-hexane fraction exhibited XO inhibitory activity with IC50 541.76 µg/ml. Conclusion: The n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions from ethanolic leaves extract of S.burahol had antihiperuricemic activity, but less inhibitor effect on XO activity. Keywords: Stelechocarpus burahol, liquid-liquid extraction, antihyperuricemic, xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity
Antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of crude extracts of Lawsonia inermis against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: A G Triveni , Mendem Suresh Kumar , Shivannavar Channapa T , Gaddad Subhaschandra M
Published: April 2017

Objective:The continuous rise in the prevalence of multi drug resistance pathogens globally is threatening the treatment and management of infectious diseases. Ethno medicine plays a key role in the exploration for novel bioactive compounds. The present study evaluates the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of the crude extracts of Lawsonia inermis against clinical isolates of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).Materials and methods: Shade dried and finely powdered leaves of the plant were extracted by maceration method using six solvents methanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, chloroform, petroleum ether and n-hexane. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of the extracts against MDR MRSA by agar cup diffusion and tube method respectively.Results: Methanol extract showed the highest antibacterial activity of 18mm compared to other extracts. Similarly, petroleum ether extract showed highest biofilm inhibition of 84.7%. Other solvent extracts also exhibited significant biofilm inhibition [n-Hexane-83.6%, Ethyl acetate -79.5%, Chloroform-79.2%, Acetone -77% and Methanol-77%].Conclusion: The leaf extracts of L. inermis have shown promising biofilm inhibitory activity and good antibacterial activity, which can be explored for the development of new drugs for the MDR pathogens. Keywords: Antibioticacivity, Antibiofilm activity, L.inermis, MRSA
Significance of CSE-1034 (Elores™) in Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections due to Multi Drug Resistant ESBLPositiveEscherichia coli
Authors: Bhambri Vishal
Published: April 2017

UTIs are one of the most common infections of geriatric patients in community acquired and hospital acquired settings. Escherichia coli(E. coli) is usually the most common pathogen responsible for UTI.Antibiotic resistance is the main reason for failure of therapy especially in E. coli. Biofilm formation, ESBL and MBL production&efflux pump over expression are the main reasons for antibiotic resistance in E. coli. That’s why management of UTI with multi drug resistant (MDR)E. coli has always been challenge for the clinicians.We are reporting empiric use of new antibiotic adjuvant entity Elores™(Ceftriaxone/ Sulbactam/Disodium-edetate) in the management of UTIs caused by multi drug resistant E. coli.
COMPARISON OF ORAL CLONIDINE WITH ORAL MIDAZOLAM IN MANAGING AGITATION FOLLOWING SEVOFLURANE ANESTHESIA – A PROSPECTIVE, RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE BLINDED STUDY
Authors: Charles S Antony John , M S Raghuraman , Sharma Raji , Veliath David George
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT:Objective: Emergence agitation is a major problem during recovery from anesthetic agents like sevoflurane, particularly in children. This study had compared the effects of oral clonidine with oral midazolam in reducing the incidence of emergence agitation following sevoflurane anesthesia.Methods: 50 children of ASA status I and II aged between 3-8 years were randomly allotted to one of the two groups, each group comprising 25 children. Group I children were given oral Midazolam 0.5 mg/kg and Group II children were given oral Clonidine 4 mcg/kg 30 min before the induction of anesthesia. Emergence reaction was analyzed using modified objective pain scale in all children following sevoflurane administration.Results: The total agitation score was significantly less in clonidine group in comparison to midazolam group during the first hour of post operative period (P<0.05).No remarkable change in the hemodynamics or oxygen saturation was observed in both groups.Conclusion: Premedication of oral clonidine 4 microgram per kg is superior to oral midazolam 0.5 mg per kg in reducing the incidence of emergence agitation following sevoflurane anesthesia.Keywords: sevoflurane, recovery, emergence agitation, clonidine, midazolam.
A Prospective study on the assessment of risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus in outpatients department of a south Indian tertiary care hospital: A case-control study
Authors: Pingili Ravindrababu
Published: April 2017

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most general type of diabetes. In India, the risk factors (modifiable and nonmodifiable) for diabetes are seen more frequently and there is lack of perception about this problem.Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the incidence and risk factors for T2DM in a south Indian tertiary care hospital.Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 1161 subjects (with or without T2DM) from November 2014 to April 2015 in general medicine department of Dr. Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation, Andhra Pradesh, south India. Chi-square test was used to evaluate the incidence of T2DM and odds ratios were calculated in univariate logistic regression analysis for risk factors.Results: T2DM was significantly higher in the subjects of age above 41 years (86.3%, P<0.0001), married (95.4%, P=0.002), educators (degree and above, 13.2%, P<0.0001), known family history (50.8%, P<0.0001), BMI (>25 kg/m2,58.7%; P<0.0001), Govt. job holders (5.5%, P<0.0001), business people (12%, P<0.0001), house wives (38.3%, P<0.0001), high economic status (34.9%, P<0.0004), preexisting hypertension (40.2%, P<0.0001), urban residence (50.4%, P<0.0001), physical inactivity (45.3%, P<0.001), stress (61.0%, P=0.01), consumption of tea and coffee (daily thrice or more, 6.3%, P=0.0003), soft drinks (weekly thrice or more, 4%, P=0.0008) and junk foods (weekly thrice or more 2.6%, P=0.025) than non-diabetic subjects. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that the age (above 41 years), marital status, education, family history, BMI (>25 kg/m2), high economic status, co-morbidities (hypertension and thyroid disorders) urban residence, physical inactivity, stress, consumption of tea and coffee (daily thrice or more), soft drinks (weekly thrice or more) and junk foods are the significantly risk factors for T2DM.Conclusion: The present study results suggested that beware of hypertension, thyroids disorders, physical inactivity, stress, soft drinks and junk foods, which are major risk factors of T2DM.
PHARMACEUTICAL PRICING POLICY AND CONTROL– INDIAN PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Iyengar Renganthan
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTPharmaceutical sector is playing a vital role towards the wellness of the people and economic development of India. The innovation, development, production and marketing of medicines are accountable to pharmaceutical industry. Drugs and pharmaceuticals, healthcare delivery, medical devices among others come under the purview of healthcare sector. It is the duty of the Government to ensure the availability of the lifesaving drugs at reasonable prices by means of considering the interest of both the producers and the buyers. In order to safeguard the public health, National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA) is the watchdog in India, which controls the prices of drugs.Keywords: Pharmaceutical sector, Price, Drugs, Regulator,NPPA,DPCO
STUDIES ON THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING POTENTIALS OF SOLANUM NIGRUM LEAVES EXTRACT
Authors: Prasath Sriram
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTSolanum nigrum is a paramount in medicinal perspective and belongs to family Solanacea. From different parts of the plant significant pharmacological and biological activities have been reported previously.  In the present study, the ethanolic extract of leaves was investigated for phytochemical analysis, vitamin and mineral content. Phytochemical analysis of the leaves revealed the presence of phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, phytosterols and triterpenoides. The leaves extract was found to contain appreciable amounts of flavonoids and phenols. The extract showed the presence of vitamins such as ascorbic acid, folic acid, and niacinamide. It has been found that the leaves of Solanum nigrum is rich in minerals like copper, magnesium, manganese, vanadium, chromium, calcium, zinc, sodium, and potassium. The antioxidant (free radical scavenging) activity of the extract was determined against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) ABTS, Nitric oxide(NO) and Superoxide Scavenging assays. Solanum nigrum leaves extract was found to be antioxidant in nature which is evident from DPPH, ABTS, NO, Superoxide radical scavenging assays. These findings suggest that Solanum nigrum possess biologically important phytoconstituents, significant amounts of vitamins and minerals. IN addition, S. nigrum leaves extract exert free radical scavenging potential in vitro.Key words: Medicinal plants; Solanum nigrum leaves; phytoconstiuents;Antioxidant.
PHARMACEUTICALLY VALUABLE BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF ALGAE
Authors: Bhattacharjee Meenakshi
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT Pharmaceutically valuable products from micro algae and its industrial commercialization today is still in its infancy and can be seen as a gateway to a multibillion dollar industry. Microalgae generally grow autotrophically and are ubiquitous in nature.They represent a major untapped resource of genetic potential for valuable bioactive agents and fine biochemical. This proven ability of microalgae to produce these compounds places these microorganisms in the biotechnological spotlight for applications and commercialization as in the Pharmaceutical industry. The production of microalgal metabolites, which stimulate defense mechanisms in the human body, has spurred intense study of the application of micro algal biomass and products thereof in various food preparations, pharmacological and medical products. There is therefore a huge scope for further study of the identified algal compounds and their activities in the treatment and prevention of various diseases, in addition to an ongoing search for other, as yet undetected, metabolites. Key words:Algae,Pharmaceuticals, Bioactive compounds.
EVALUATE THE ANTIFERTILITY POTENTIAL OF FICUS RACEMOSA LINN BARK IN FEMALE WISTAR RATS
Authors: Shah Sunil Kumar
Published: April 2017

Objective: The present study was formulated in order to Evaluate the Antifertility Potential of Ficus Racemosa Linn on Female Wistar Rats.Methods: Effects of Ficus Racemosa bark extract was studied on physicochemical parameters, successive solvent extraction and phytochemical screening and antifertility activity. After acute oral toxicity study, antifertility activity in proven fertile female Wistar Rats at the doses 500mg/kg b.wt./day for 30 days. Effects on dimensions of Reproductive outcome, Anti-implantation, Abortifacient, Estrogenic and Antiestrogenic activity were observed.Results: Phytochemical studies of Ficus Racemosa bark shown positive test for Alkaloids, Steroid, Flavonoids, Terpene, Carbohydrates and Tannin. The extract of Ficus Racemosa has anti-fertility effect the control rats showed good number of litters. Treatment of animal with different extracts, resulted a significant (P< 0.05, P< 0.01). antifertility activity (56.5% and 40.3%) was exhibited by AFR and WFR respectively. After 21 days of the extracts free period, the antifertility effect of the extracts was reversed. The extract treatments with AFR, an increase in the resorption index (%) by the extract is an indication of failure in the development of the embryo. The mean percentage of anti-implantation and percent resorption (abortifacient) were found to be highest for AFR-41.21%, WFR 28.07, and AFR-32.56%, WFR-20.76% respectively. The decrement in implantation caused by the extracts may be due to estrogenic or anti-estrogenic activity. However, along with standard AFR exhibiting more potent estrogenic and less potent anti-estrogenic when compared with standard.Conclusion: The above results revealed the potential, reversible Female antifertility effect of alcoholic extract F. Racemosa bark.
CORRELATION BETWEEN INSULIN RESISTANCE AND SEVERITY OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN NON-DIABETES
Authors: Srinivasan Mukund
Published: April 2017

Objective: There is an increased risk of CAD in both diabetes and non-diabetes. Insulin resistance has been associated with development of CAD in this both populations. However, there are not many studies on correlation between insulin resistance and severity of CAD in non-diabetes. The present study aimed to establish a correlation between insulin resistance and severity of CAD in non-diabetic individuals.Methods: A cross-sectional study of 79 consecutive Non-diabetic patients undergoing coronary angiogram for evaluation of clinically suspected coronary artery disease at a tertiary care hospital in Mangalore, Karnataka were recruited. Clinical history, anthropometric and biochemical parameters were analyzed. Insulin resistance was determined by Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). The severity of CAD was assessed by modified Gensini score. Pearson correlation was done to find out the relation between HOMA-IR and Gensini core.Results: The correlation between log of HOMA-IR and severity of coronary artery disease as assessed by Gensini score (r = -0.053 and p= 0.64) was not significant in non-diabetic patients. The correlations between severity of coronary artery disease and other known risk factors of coronary artery disease were also was not significant.Conclusion: HOMA-IR is negatively associated with severity of CAD in non-diabetes.