bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Catering and Medical Support Issues of “Eastern Workers” in the Third Reich (1941–1945)
Authors: Garazha Nataliia , Malysheva Elena , Selyunina Natalya
Published: July 2024

The article analyzes such important aspects of the organization of the daily life of «eastern workers», in the conditions of forced labor in Germany, such as food and the possibility of receiving medical care. Satisfaction of the main range of household needs and the creation of conditions for a health-saving work regime could become a motivational message to increase labor productivity, given the powerful propaganda support at the stage of attracting the civilian population of the occupied territories to Germany. But the deprivation of the elementary foundations of a safe and relatively materially prosperous life, the presence of a wide range of risks emphasized the initially set vector of the Third Reich’s policy in relation to labor from the East - the maximum profit from each resource, including the demographic one.
Creation of Agitation and Propaganda Structures in the Don and Kuban in the 20—30s of the 20th Century
Authors: Ponomareva Maria , Saroglidi Angelina
Published: July 2024

This study significantly expands the horizons of historical science itself, since it fills the gaps in the study of the propaganda activities of the Soviet government in southern Russia in 1920-1930. The important role of propaganda activities on the Don during the formation of Soviet power is shown. The influence of agitators on economic problems in the region during the period of the end of production development, NEP and the beginning of collectivization.
Albanian uprisings of 1908–1912 and the Great Powers
Authors: Iskenderov Petr
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to the Albanian uprisings of 1908-1912 against the Ottoman Empire. Author analyzes Great Powers' approaches and pays particular attention to the position of Russia. The article is based on unpublished archive documents.
The contribution of Russian emigrants to the cultural exchange between West and East in Northeast China (1896–1959)
Authors: Han Li
Published: July 2024

After the construction of the Chinese Eastern Railway began in 1896, a large number of Russian emigrants appeared in Northeastern China, who were involved in cultural, educational and religious activities in settlements located along the CER. This contributed to the spread of European social and natural science, culture and religion in Northeast China. At the same time, Russian emigrants used Western methodology and philosophy of science to study Chinese politics, economics, history, geography, religion, art and philosophy, contributing to the spread of Chinese studies in Russia and in the world. This activity was aimed at demonstrating authentic Chinese culture to the world, and its representatives acted as cultural intermediaries, promoting cultural exchange between Russia and China and spreading the achievements of Western civilization among the Chinese.
The activity of the Romanian Special Intelligence Service at the Eastern Front in 1940–1941
Authors: Moraru Pavel
Published: July 2024

The article based on archival documents and historiographical sources examines the establishment and activity of the Romanian Special Intelligence Service before the war against the USSR started and in the first months of the war. The author analyzes the activity of the Romanian Special Intelligence Service’s structures on the new Soviet-Romanian border established in early July 1940 after the annexation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the USSR. At Germany's proposal, Romania accepted to participate in the war against the USSR, in order to regain the territories. The role of the Special Intelligence Service in this campaign was to be very important.
Essay on the history of the development of translation theory
Authors: Zewei Han
Published: July 2024

This article analyzes the characteristics and influences of translation theory in different historical periods in both Chinese and Western contexts and explores the significant impact of Soviet literature translation on Chinese translation practice and theoretical development.
Early-childhood linear growth faltering in low- and middle-income countries: do alternative metrics tell a different story?
Authors: Benjamin-Chung Jade , Mertens Andrew , Arnold Benjamin Ford
Published: July 2024

We previously found high levels of stunting incidence between birth and age 3 months and low levels of stunting reversal from birth to 15 months in an individual participant meta-analysis of longitudinal studies in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Roth and colleagues recently questioned the use of conventional metrics of linear growth faltering (binary indicators of incident stunting, incident changes in length-for-age Z-scores (LAZ)) in our study and in the field in general, arguing that these metrics have limitations that have implications for the timing of linear growth faltering in LMICs. Here, we re-analyzed data from the original study using height-age, one of their proposed alternative metrics. We show how height-age is closely correlated with mean LAZ at a given age, suggesting they provide nearly identical information. We discuss the utility of conventional metrics for generating rigorous evidence about early life linear growth trajectories in LMICs.
Time-warps
Authors: Manrique Héctor Marín , Dobson Shanna , WALKER Michael John
Published: July 2024

Time and space are conflated in time-warps when asleep we dream. Our wakeful cognitive ability to keep them separate indicates different ways of envisaging self-hood. Awareness that dream-time and life-time are separate is itself a propensity of human minds that has evolved by natural selection with adaptive developments in cerebral neuronal circuitry that underpin human behavioural complexity. The contrast is highlighted between how memory of our spatio-temporal experiences appears to be treated by our brain one way when we are wide-awake and thus well aware of our unfolding personal life-history, and in a different way when, fast asleep, our dreaming dissolves any such awareness and our oneiric self-hood seems different from our real-life self-hood. The difference is considered from two angles. Regarding simultaneous memory-storage for an experience recalled from alternative perspectives, a theoretical possibility is proposed of a pro-system comparable to Cantor Ternary Set topology. Regarding the brain, the difference is considered in relation to the temporo-spatial theory of consciousness and the compatible concept of active inference forestalling surprisal by minimising variational free energy according to the free energy principle.
Reflection of the mathematical dimension of gambling in iGaming online content - A qualitative analysis: The usage of key math terms - Technical report no. 6
Authors: Barboianu Catalin
Published: July 2024

The current report presents results of the qualitative analysis of the usage of the key math terms in the content of the reviewed websites in the current sample, with emphasis on the necessary distinctions for the word and concept of ‘odds’. Patterns, motivations, conceptual and contextual aspects of the usage are discussed. The theoretical norms of adequacy of this usage in the context of gambling are briefly presented. Technical report of the research project 'Reflection of the mathematical dimension of gambling in iGaming online content - A qualitative analysis'
Goal relevance overrides the attentional effects of intrinsic relevance
Authors: Fournier Hippolyte , Koenig Olivier
Published: July 2024

Recent research on emotional attention supports the goal-directed hypothesis, which suggests that attentional capture is influenced by the impact of stimuli on goal attainment (e.g., goal-conducive or evitable goal-obstructive stimuli). However, this hypothesis overlooks the role of intrinsic relevance, i.e., the general pleasantness or unpleasantness nature of stimuli. The Component Process Model (CPM) predicts combined effects of intrinsic and goal relevances on attention. This was supported by results evidencing attentional capture by stimuli that are goal-conducive and pleasant or unpleasant. However, the CPM does not address attentional capture by intrinsically relevant stimuli that inevitably obstruct goals. Such goal-obstructive stimuli could cancel or unalter the attentional capture by intrinsic stimuli. The present study aimed to extend CPM predictions. Specifically, attentional capture for intrinsically relevant versus neutral stimuli was compared based on whether they were goal-independent, goal-conducive, or inevitably goal-obstructive. To this end, participants performed an induction task endowing goal relevance to stimuli, in parallel with a dot-probe task. The results showed that when stimuli were goal-independent, attention was captured by intrinsically relevant stimuli compared to neutral stimuli. However, once stimuli were goal-dependent, attentional capture was solely guided by the goal relevance associated with stimuli. Indeed, only stimuli associated with goal conduction captured attention. These findings are discussed considering the current influential definitions of emotional attention.
Tracking ability in adaptive learning systems with the Urnings algorithm: From theory to practice.
Authors: Gergely Bence , Brinkhuis Matthieu J. S. , Takács Szabolcs , Bolsinova Maria
Published: July 2024

Adaptive learning systems are computerised platforms that provide optimal content for students. To fulfil this, one needs an algorithm capable of dynamically updating the estimates of changing student abilities. The Urnings algorithm is a computationally inexpensive method, which provides unbiased estimates and known standard errors and, can track the change without formulating an explicit growth model. However, it is not straightforward how to set up a system to match the characteristics of the learning context and provide optimal tracking and parameter estimation. First, we studied the convergence properties of Urnings when the ability of the students is constant. Second, we tested how well the algorithm can track different types and amounts of change in the ability. Urnings algorithm proved to be successful at adapting to the various simulated learning contexts and capabilities to track changing abilities. Based on the results we provided recommendations for implementing the Urnings algorithm to adaptive learning systems.
“Real proof instead of over hyped up bullshit”: Exploring the content of what would change people’s minds about climate change using OpenAI’s GPT
Authors: Lee Amy S G , Kirkland Kelly , Stanley Samantha , Robinson Abby , Leviston Zoe , Walker Iain
Published: July 2024

What do Australians believe would change their current opinions about climate change? To date, research has explored how political cues can influence the stability of climate opinions. However, minimal research has focused on the content that might alter the beliefs of different climate opinion holders. In this study, we used audience segmentation analysis to distinguish between distinct groups of climate opinion holders within a representative sample of Australians (N = 5110). We asked them what it would take to change their current opinions about climate change and leveraged OpenAI’s Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (GPT) to identify the presence or absence of five themes in their open-ended responses (Nothing, Evidence and Information, Trusted Sources, Action, and Unsure) plus a sixth Not Applicable category. GPT performed at near-human levels, proving to be a highly useful tool for thematic analysis. Our analyses revealed that strong climate denialists and believers tended to have more dogmatic responses to this question, with a greater likelihood of stating that nothing would change their mind. The results also highlighted the need for diverse forms of evidence and information and the importance of trusted sources of information across audience segments. These findings provide support for GPT’s utility as a tool for managing large datasets in the social sciences and offer participant-informed insights into climate opinion change.
From WEIRD to GREAT? Exploring data quality of global platforms for online research
Authors: Chapkovski Philipp , Peer Eyal , Brandt Elena
Published: July 2024

Online research relies heavily on platforms and panels, who sample predominantly from wealthy, educated, industrialized, rich and democratic countries (a.k.a., WEIRD), raising concerns for biases. Some platforms recently aim outside the West, to more GREAT (Growing, Rural, Eastern, Aspirational, and Transitional) areas. We explore how two such global platforms (Toloka and Besample) perform on data quality, in key aspects of attention, compliance, honesty, reliability, naivety and replicability, compared to West-centric platforms including Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk), Prolific, CloudResearch and Connect. We find that global platforms’ participants fail attention-check questions more than Prolific, CloudResearch and Connect, but not more than MTurk participants. Most attention failures were among participants with relatively low English proficiency. In the other aspects of compliance, honesty, reliability, naivety and replicability, the global participants perform comparably or somewhat inferiorly to Prolific, CloudResearch and Connect, but perform better than MTurk. This demonstrates an interesting phenomenon of global participants providing valid responses even after failing attention-check questions. This, we find, can be partially explained by language proficiency. We also examine how differences in data quality can be explained by location, usage patterns, demographic patterns and the time of day across time zones.
Restored Behaviour and the Formation of Ethnic Identity: Critiquing the Rai Youths’ Sakela
Authors: Lungeli Dipak
Published: July 2024

This paper examines four YouTube videos on Sakela, a dance performance of the Rai community, in two major contexts: enormous shifts and deviations in the performances of youths and the signature of unique ethnic identity. Sakela in its primitive art form of Rai culture has a ritual connection with the transcendent forces for human health and agriculture. However, there have been many deviations and changes in its highly contextualized aesthetic manifestations like festive performances, ceremonial presentations, recreational activities, political demonstrations or urban, and diasporic discourses. Against this backdrop, the paper addresses the primary questions of why these performances recur in different forms and what role the restoration of behaviour plays in forming the ethnic identity. The study approaches these questions with the objectives of analyzing the restored behaviour in the Rai youths’ Sakela and identifying the performances as preserving the signature of ethnic identity. The examination of primary data in the qualitative study includes the analysis of selected YouTube video contents comprising Sakela performances, using the content analysis method. Primary data are selected to quantify the phenomena of Rai youths’ restored behaviours in Sakela dance, their cultural meanings, and their relationships to ethnic identity. To validate the collected data, the study draws theoretical insights from Richard Schechner’s theory of restored behaviour. Schechner's theory promulgates that people are always performing anew out of old in a continual rehearsal. The behaviour is replicated and thus performances gradually emerge. Such behaviors ranging from small gestures to ritualistic performances become part of lives but they are no longer sticking to the original source. Pursuant to this conceptual framework, the paper argues that Rai youths’ Sakela demonstrates the signs of restored behaviour, the symbolic and coded aspects of their culture. It also posits that embodied ethnic traits evident in the performance ensure the persistence of membership in their community. Thus, Sakela continues to be the signature of ethnic belief system and unique identity in the lives of Rai youths. In all its aspects of the repetition of never the same, the embodiment of ethnic identity keeps on sticking to youths’ Sakela.
The Performative Body in Ibsen’s A Doll House and Saput’s Sakambari: Rebelling and Reclaiming Women’s Power Dynamics
Authors: Rai Prakash
Published: July 2024

Henrik Ibsen's A Doll House, directed by Bernice Garfield-Szita and Prakash Saput's Sakambari showcase a similar performative body of women, resisting the patriarchal societal system despite having existed in two distinct spatiotemporal contexts. In this light, the paper comparatively examines the performative bodies of Nora in A Doll House and Sakambari in Sakamabari to analyze how their body acts serve as a site of submission and resistance simultaneously. In doing so, the study employs qualitative methods, mainly textual analysis for visual texts, lyrics, and dialogues in a multi-modal approach, using the Butlerian concept of gender performativity, "not biology but culture," and the Foucauldian concept of body and sexuality. It examines how the performing bodies epitomize submissive and resistive agencies for autonomy and justice. Nora's and Sakambari's performative bodies in different phases – the plain, commodified, and beyond – in one way to another challenge the masculine disposition and advocate for liberation. The analysis reveals that the two characters employ contrasting approaches to resisting the existing social structure. Nora exhibits direct submission and defiance, while Sakambari explicitly submits and implicitly resists. While both of them challenge the status quo of society, the performative bodies in different layers of resistance empower them to contest patriarchal societal foundations even though their paths to liberation differ from one another.
Reconstructing the Identity of African-Americans in Countee Cullen’s “Heritage”: Why Race Matters in America
Authors: Pokharel Bishnu Prasad
Published: July 2024

The present paper argues that it is the color of the Africans that is an object of mockery and humiliation hurled at them by the whites. To escape from this color-induced discrimination and identity crisis, yearning for the ancestor’s native heritage is the sole sanctuary for the American people of color. This paper examines the subtle use of the symbols of dark images to show how Countee Cullen, in his poem “Heritage,” shows black people's identity crisis based on color. The dark color symbolizes a constraint on civilization and creates a distinct bifurcation between synchronization and harmony in the nation. Hence, the recurring dark color in the poem leads the minority group to quest for identity through social strengthening. The poet calls for African Americans' personal, social, and geographical identity based on hereditary identity.  In the context of America, the question of true identity in the new nation leads black people to feel a deep anguish of estrangement and alienation. Drawing on Cullen’s poem as the primary source for analysis, this paper applies Richard Delgado and Jean Stefancis, Winthrop D. Jordon, Michael Banton, and Lois Tyson’s racial theory and search for identity for textual analysis. Racial discrimination creates gloom and generates inferiority among individuals. The minority group seeks identity establishment for social inclusion. Therefore, this study concludes that national coherence in American society invariably rests upon minimizing gloom, distancing, and uneasiness.
Power Dynamics and Cultural Clashes in Doris Lessing’s The Grass Is Singing: Decolonising the Discourse of Differences
Authors: Islam Rama
Published: July 2024

This paper examines the power dynamics and cultural clashes in Doris Lessing’s The Grass Is Singing, focusing on the interactions between the white protagonist, Mary Turner, and her black servants Samson and Moses, as well as a white servant Tony. Set in colonial Southern Rhodesia (today Zimbabwe), the novel portrays the pervasive racism and superiority complex of the white colonialists. Mary’s negative perceptions of black culture highlight the colonialists’ failure to appreciate indigenous traditions, reinforcing unequal power structures. Drawing attention to theoretical frameworks such as Franz Fanon’s concept of anti-racism and Ngugi wa Thiang’o’s theory of decolonisation, this paper examines Moses’s resistance to oppression and his quest for decolonisation as manifestations of individual agency within imperialism. Moses’ journey toward decolonisation symbolises a broader struggle for psychological, cultural, and economic liberation from colonial oppression. This analysis underscores the complexities of authority and resistance, illustrating how Mary’s attitudes inadvertently trigger Moses’s decolonisation process. This paper contributes to a deeper understanding of Lessing’s exploration of colonial authority, cultural differences, and the necessity of decolonisation.
Indigenous Knowledge for Environmental Conservation: An Ecocritical Approach to Silko’s Ceremony and Gardens in the Dunes
Authors: Dahal Madhav Prasad
Published: July 2024

This paper examines the belief systems and ceremonies of the Native American people also known as American Indians or Indigenous tribal groups, exploring how their primitive ritual practices contribute to preserving the environment and maintaining the abundance of nature. The study argues that these people’s traditional wisdom which is based on close observations, one-to-one contact with the environment, and the first-hand experience sharpened over millennia, empowers them to understand the self-regulatory and self-renewal patterns of the natural world and take necessary precautions for environmental sustainability. To prove this argument, the study has undertaken Leslie Mormon Silko’s two major texts Ceremony and Gardens in the Dunes for textual analysis. Using ecocriticism as its theoretical framework, the study has borrowed insights from John Hannigan’s typologies of environmentalism, and Winona LaDuke or Gerald Vizenor’s concept of tribal wisdom. The finding of the study contends that indigenous knowledge plays a vital role in promoting natural balance and social equity. The study concludes that the conservation of natural environment ensures harmony, sustainable agriculture, development, and food security.
Factors Motivating the Decision to Major in Mathematics at the Higher Secondary Level
Authors: Badaila B. B. , Dhakal B. P.
Published: July 2024

This study focuses on the “Motivational Factors for Choosing Mathematics as a Major Subject at Higher Secondary Level.” The objectives of this study were to explore the motivational factors of students choosing mathematics as a major subject and to explore the strategies of students majoring mathematics at higher secondary level. It is case study and qualitative in nature. One mathematics teacher and twelve students (six boys and six girls’) were respondents of the study which were selected through purposive sampling. Interview and Classroom observation was used as data collection tools during teaching learning activities. The collected information was analyzed with the help of theoretical and conceptual framework. The finding of the study shows that, the majority of students believe that mathematics is an easy subject from their childhood and that they are all proficient at it, obtaining a decent profession in the future is conceivable. Despite this, it is also seen that, there are not enough math students; this is because society does not place a high importance on math education. The number of mathematics students will raise if we introduce the new trend of thinking among students that mathematics is not a tough subject, it is an interesting one.
Off The Margin: Portrayal of Slavery in Guru Prasad Mainali’s Short Fictions
Authors: Phuyal K. P.
Published: July 2024

Guru Prasad Mainali’s literary accomplishment Naso [The Ward] portrays the issues of slavery in the late 1920s in Nepal. The collection of eleven stories has two specific stories that deal with the issue of the former slaves: “Papko parinam” [The results of misdeeds] (1927) and “Naso” [The ward] (1935) depict the life of the people who once lived the life as slaves. Mainali draws his characters from Nepali society after Chandra Shumsher abolished slavery in Nepal in 1924. Mainali presents them in the most humane form, struggling to settle themselves into an organized society after their emancipation from the bondage of slavery. “Papko parinam” (1927) builds the world around their quest placing the former slaves at the center stage, while “Naso” (1935) pictures former slave Nauli in a functional role to bring Devi Raman’s first wife Subhadra back to her house from Kathmandu. Both stories leave traces of slavery and the issues surrounding the era of fundamental change in the history of Nepal. Mainali sets the events in the background of the change in the 1920s and unfolds his story of Devi Raman and Shubhadra in "Naso" and Kanta Padhya in "Papko Parinam." This paper rereads Mainali’s two fiction in the historical backdrop to get into the world of slavery as depicted in them and conclude that Nepali fiction has dealt with the issue of slavery in the 1920s.
Nepal-India Political Relations: A Comprehensive Analysis of Historical Dynamics, Contemporary Challenges, and Future Prospects
Authors: Mahar N. S.
Published: July 2024

This research provides a comprehensive analysis of the historical dynamics, contemporary challenges, and future prospects in Nepal-India political relations. The diplomatic ties between the two nations, rooted in shared history, cultural affinities, and geographical proximity, have witnessed both cooperation and discord over the centuries. While historical documents highlight periods of mutual respect, the study delves into the complexities of the Treaty of Peace and Friendship in 1950, solidifying diplomatic bonds. However, recent years have seen a shift in this narrative, marked by territorial disputes, economic imbalances, and evolving geopolitical dynamics. Contemporary challenges include territorial disputes leading to diplomatic intricacies and economic imbalances raising questions about the equitable nature of the bilateral relationship. The research adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining historical analysis, policy examination, and stakeholder perspectives to offer timely and relevant insights. Key informant interviews with political leaders, diplomats, and professionals provide a diverse understanding of the multifaceted issues at hand. The study identifies territorial disputes and unequal diplomatic treaties as major challenges, contributing to tensions in Nepal-India relations. It emphasizes the need for a peaceful discourse to resolve border encroachments and calls for a revision of existing treaties in light of changing regional and international circumstances. Additionally, socio cultural affinities between the two nations are explored, with strategies proposed for bridging gaps and fostering a sense of shared identity. The research concludes with strategies for future cooperation, advocating for a balanced diplomatic relationship that considers the changing global landscape. The equidistance principle is discussed, urging both nations to adapt their mindsets and refrain from micromanaging each other's domestic politics. The study underscores the importance of recognizing the historical ties between Nepal and India, emphasizing the potential for multifaceted alliances in the future.
गोविन्द बहादुर मल्ल ‘गोठाले’ को नाटयशिल्प
Authors: घर्ती Gharti दुर्गाबहादुर Durgabahadur
Published: July 2024

प्रस्तुत अध्ययन गोविन्दबहादुर मल्ल ‘गोठाले’ को नाट्यशिल्पको अध्ययनमा केन्द्रित छ । ‘गोठाले’ नेपाली नाट्यसाहित्यका नवयुगका निर्माताका रूपमा देखापर्दछन् । उनले बालकृष्ण समले अँगालेको शेक्सपियरको सुखान्त र दुःखान्त नाट्यलेखन र गोपालप्रसाद रिमालको इब्सनेली परम्पराभन्दा अघि बढेर मनोविश्लेषणात्मक प्रवृत्तिको आरम्भ गरेको देखिन्छ । उनले एकाङ्की, तीन अङ्के नाटक र चार अङ्के नाटकको सिर्जना गरेका छन् । एकाङ्की र तीन अङ्के नाटकको रचना पाश्चात्य नाटकको प्रभावअनुरूप देखिन्छ तर चार अङ्के नाटकको विधान पूर्वीय एवं पाश्चात्य नाट्यपरम्पराभन्दा भिन्न रहेको छ । विषय प्रतिपादनका दृष्टिले उनका नाटक समस्यामूलक छन् । उनका नाटकमा प्रस्तुत समस्या लैङ्गिक, जातीय, आर्थिक र मनोवैज्ञानिक प्रकारका छन् । विशेषगरी उनका नाटकमा नारीसमस्यालाई प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । त्यो इब्सेनेली नाट्यपद्धति अनुरूप छ । इब्सनेली नाट्यप्रवृत्तिलाई मनोविश्लेषणका साथ नेपाली नाटकमा प्रवेश गराउनु उनको मुख्य योगदान हो । कसिलो कथानक, संवादमा जोड, गतिशील पात्र, अन्तर्बाह्य परिवेशको उद्घाटन, वैचारिकता र प्रतीकात्मक प्रयोग उनका नाटकका मुख्य नाट्यशिल्प हो । उनको नाट्यशिल्पको अध्ययन पूर्वीय एवं पाश्चात्य नाट्यसिद्धान्तका आधारमा गर्न सकिन्छ । पूर्वीयपाश्चात्य साहित्य प्राचीन कालदेखि नै नाट्य लेखन र नाट्य चिन्तन थालिएको पाइन्छ । पूर्वमा भरतमुनि र पाश्चात्य जगत्मा अरिस्टोटल नाट्यचिन्तनका आदिगुरु हुन् । प्रस्तुत अध्ययनका लागि सामग्री सङ्कलन पुस्तकालयकार्यबाट गरिएको छ र सामग्रीको विश्लेषण गुणात्मक पद्धति र पाठात्मक विश्लेषण विधिमा गरिएको छ । प्रकृतवाद, अतियथार्थवाद र अस्तित्ववादको प्रभाव पनि उनको मनोविश्लेषणात्मक प्रयोगसँग जोडिएर आएको छ र त्यही ने ‘गोठाले’को नाट्यशिल्पको प्राप्ति हो भन्ने यस अध्ययनको निष्कर्ष छ ।
Narzędzia oceny ryzyka powrotu do przestępstwa oparte na sztucznej inteligencji: uwagi na przykładzie aplikacji COMPAS
Authors: Płocha Ewa Aleksandra
Published: July 2024

W ostatnich latach narzędzia oceny ryzyka powrotu do przestępstwa ewoluowały i zostały zmodyfikowane z użyciem technologii sztucznej inteligencji. Aby przyspieszyć postępowanie oraz wprowadzić neutralne mechanizmy będące gwarancją równego traktowania, instrumenty te coraz częściej implementuje się w systemach wymiaru sprawiedliwości w sprawach karnych, chociaż mają liczne grono zarówno zwolenników, jak i przeciwników. Jednym z najbardziej znanych narzędzi tego rodzaju jest COMPAS, stosowany na dużą skalę w Stanach Zjednoczonych Ameryki od ponad dwóch dekad. W tym czasie powstało wiele opracowań naukowych na jego temat, a także wydano szereg orzeczeń sądowych, które pozwalają rzetelnie i obiektywnie ocenić przydatność algorytmów tego typu oraz określić problemy, jakie mogą wynikać z ich stosowania.
تأثير التشارك المعرفي في تحقيق الفخر التنظيمي ( بحث تحليلي لآراء عينة من موظفي وزارة الشباب والرياضة )
Authors: محمد مجول شكور  , أ.د. لمياء سلمان عبد علي الزبيدي
Published: July 2024

يهدف البحث الحالي إلى اختبار تأثير التشارك المعرفي في تحقيق الفخر التنظيمي ،  ولأجل تحقيق ذلك تم اعتماد أبعاد التشارك المعرفي المتمثلة  بـ(البعد الفردي ، البعد  التنظيمي ، البعد  التكنلوجي ) استناداً إلى  دراسة  Lin، 2007))، واعتماد أبعاد الفخر التنظيمي المتمثلة  بـ(الفخر العاطفي ، الفخر السلوكي) استناداً إلى دراسة (Kraemer&Gouthier،2014)،  وتم اختيار موظفي مقر وزارة الشباب والرياضة في بغداد لاختبار هذه البحث، اذ تم تشخيص  مشكلة البحث من خلال المعايشة  وكذلك الزيارات المتكررة والمقابلات الشخصية المستمرة مع الموظفين والتي تمثلت في مدى ادراكهم المعرفي والميداني للمحتوى المفاهيمي الدقيق واهمية متغيرات البحث، وتم اعداد استمارة استبانة  لهذا الغرض، إذ خلصت الى (242) فرداً من مختلف المستويات ، وتم تحليل البيانات عبر مجموعة من أساليب المعالجة الإحصائية المناسبة، إذ استخدم تحليل ارتباط (Pearson) لغرض اختبار فرضيات الارتباط ، واستخدام نمذجة المعادلة الهيكلية (Structural Equation Modeling) وكذلك اسلوب تحليل المسار ((Path Analysis لاختبار فرضيات التأثير.  وتوصل البحث الى مجموعة من النتائج  كان من ابرزها وجود تأثير ذو دلالة معنوية للتشارك المعرفي بأبعادها في الفخر التنظيمي.
Cymbal Making: The Art of Bronze Metalworking, Part I
Authors: Mitchell Joseph Paul
Published: July 2024

The initial steps in the art of manufacturing cymbals are discussed from ancient times through the modern era, including copper smelting, alloying copper and tin, pouring the molten metal into ingots, and processing the ingots by hand-hammering or rolling a finished blank.
Búsqueda y análisis bibliográfico con Elicit
Authors: Arroyo-Machado Wenceslao ,   Arizona State University
Published: July 2024

The adoption of ChatGPT has revolutionized text reading and generation, replacing basic tasks like text searches with the assistance of natural language Artificial Intelligence (AI). This has led to the emergence of specialized applications like Elicit, which have transformed fundamental bibliographic search and analysis tasks by leveraging open databases like Semantic Scholar. These tools offer advanced functionalities for bibliographic review, though they present certain limitations and risks associated with misuse or lack of critical knowledge. This paper reviews the features and functions of Elicit to practically introduce this tool, while highlighting aspects to consider in order to reduce risks and ensure responsible use.
Actions of three indigenous women from Pataxó, Kokama and Kaingang ethnicities in the international decade of indigenous languages
Authors: Palmieri Edilson Orlando , Machado Ananda
Published: July 2024

This article discusses how three Brazilian indigenous women from Pataxó, Kaingang and Kokama ethnicities are thinking and acting in the International Decade of Indigenous Languages, declared by UNESCO to be celebrated between the years 2022 to 2032, aiming to draw attention to the resumption, revitalization, preservation and dissemination of indigenous languages which are at risk of extinction. The text provides a brief history of the indigenous languages existing in Brazil, as well as reports on the work of Anari Braz Bomfim (on the resumption of the Pataxó language), Altaci Corrêa Rubim (on the creation of places where the languages of the peoples of the Amazon can be studied and vitalized) and Márcia Nascimento Kaingang (about the revitalization of the Kaingang language). The methodology for writing the text was that of bibliographical research in print, digital and audiovisual media, where deeds and thoughts of each indigenous leader were collected. Finally, considerations are made about what is being done and planned in favor of the indigenous languages of Brazil and what is expected from the future.
Dos discursos de ódio e de xenofobia às ações de acolhimento linguístico implementadas por universidades de Roraima
Authors: Da Silva Marcus Vinícius , Gonzalo Zambrano Cora Elena , Costa Alan Ricardo
Published: July 2024

Tendo em vista o crescente movimento migratório de cidadãos venezuelanos para o estado de Roraima, o qual vem se intensificando desde 2015, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar os discursos de ódio e de xenofobia que materializam procedimentos de violação dos direitos humanitários e linguísticos, perpetuados, sobretudo, pelo funcionamento do dispositivo colonial que remonta ao sistema de colonização linguística no Brasil (Neves; Gregolin, 2021). O referencial teórico adotado é da Análise do Discurso, com contribuições de Michel Foucault, em diálogo com a área de Linguística Aplicada Indisciplinar e Transgressiva (Moita Lopes, 2006), bem como com o campo de estudos de Políticas e Direitos Linguísticos (Abreu, 2022; Castelano Rodrigues, 2018). O método utilizado nesta pesquisa é arqueogenealógico (Foucault, 2006), que compreende que o discurso está submetido a uma certa ordem discursiva, pois existe um domínio do que é dito e de como é dito, sendo subordinado aos processos históricos do discurso. Para tanto, nossa análise concentra-se nas discursividades de comentários de notícias das páginas UOL sobre migração de venezuelanos para o estado roraimense, para posterior apresentação de ações de acolhimento implementadas pela Universidade Estadual de Roraima (UERR) e pela Universidade Federal de Roraima (UFRR), com vistas à conscientização e à recepção humanitária e linguística. Os resultados das ações apontam para um movimento de desconstrução de estereótipos relacionados à língua e à cultura dos cidadãos venezuelanos, bem como para a valorização do estado roraimense como um território multi/plurilíngue.
Indícios de autoria e identidade cultural na produção textual indígena
Authors: Moscardini Lígia Egídia , Fargetti Cristina Martins
Published: July 2024

Desde a colonização de nosso país até os anos 1970, a escola tinha a função de civilizar e aculturar povos indígenas. Por meio de constantes reivindicações das etnias, passa a se tornar um meio de preservação cultural, interação com não-indígenas e luta por direitos. Dentro dessa perspectiva, foi realizado um estudo na escola Kamadu, da etnia juruna, no Mato Grosso, que pode ser considerado uma pesquisa-ação, pois se propôs observar-se as correções de um professor-pesquisador externo, nos textos em português de indígenas, acarretariam ou não “perda de identidade cultural” ou “perda de autoria”. Para isso, foi realizada uma Oficina de Aprendizagem na qual se debateu a Proposta de Emenda Constitucional 215 e os participantes produziram uma carta aberta. Durante a Oficina, utilizaram-se os métodos Sequência Didática e Refacção Textual. Nossos resultados revelaram que abordagens eficazes de ensino/aprendizagem são capazes de preservar a identidade cultural. No que diz respeito à produção textual, evidenciaram-se indícios de autoria e de leitura, além de uma marca de identidade cultural, de modo a superar preconceitos linguísticos.
Do condicionamento contextual ao fragmento de sinal: uma análise da variação de pronúncia em interações espontâneas e entrevistas em Libras
Authors: De Almeida Silva Elton John
Published: July 2024

O presente estudo tem como objetivos identificar e descrever quais são os tipos de variação de pronúncia que predominam nas produções discursivas de usuários da variante da língua brasileira de sinais utilizada na cidade de Fortaleza, além de investigar como os aspectos linguísticos e contextuais influenciam a variação articulatória nesses sujeitos. Para isso foram analisados quatro vídeos correspondendo aos gêneros textuais interações espontâneas entre surdos e entrevista em Libras, selecionando-se os elementos linguísticos que apresentam variação articulatória, nos parâmetros dos sinais, mas que não acarretam implicações semânticas ao discurso. Esses dados foram analisados com base em autores como Xavier e Barbosa (2013, 2014), Xavier (2016, 2019), Quadros (2004), Liddell (2003), Liddell e Johnson (1989) e Nilsson (2007). Os resultados apontam que a alteração de localização, a mudança de configuração de mão e a variação no número de mãos, são os fatores variacionistas que apresentaram maior ocorrência nos dados analisados. Sendo que o condicionamento contextual se mostrou como elemento de maior influência nas variações linguísticas encontradas em contextos, essencialmente, espontâneos. Também se constatou que o fragmento de sinal, pode apresentar um alto grau de ocorrência, em gêneros textuais de caráter opinativo e que pode se constituir como um elemento de condicionamento fonético e influenciar a variação articulatória nos sinais, quando ocorre com itens lexicais bimanuais.
Valorização da identidade linguística das comunidades indígenas sob o viés da política linguística: reflexões acerca de entraves e tentativas de superação
Authors: Salgado Solyany Soares , Vitório Elyne Giselle de Santana Lima Aguiar
Published: July 2024

Este texto aborda os percalços e as buscas por mecanismos que possam propiciar a mitigação das dificuldades para valorização da identidade linguística das comunidades indígenas prevista constitucionalmente. O intuito da pesquisa é apresentar as previsões relativas à diversidade linguística existentes no ordenamento jurídico, verificar se há efetividade delas na sociedade brasileira, em especial, quanto às comunidades indígenas, e apresentar casos concretos pertinentes à temática. Para isso, serviram de base teórica conceitos atrelados à política linguística (Monteagudo, 2012) e ao direito linguístico (Abreu, 2018). De modo geral, apesar de relevantes avanços jurídicos, os direitos previstos legalmente ainda são ineficazes, ante a falta de conhecimento e de compromisso por parte dos poderes estatais, além da atuação da própria sociedade que, por meio de uma política linguística não oficial, imprime na sociedade atual o monolinguismo e a homogeneidade linguística (Shohamy, 2006). Desse modo, embora existam os entraves, parte da sociedade, principalmente os integrantes das comunidades indígenas, tenta buscar ferramentas para concretizar os direitos linguísticos, mesmo sem o apoio do aparato estatal, e, ao fim, ao valorizar as diversidades linguísticas, procura integrá-las à identidade nacional.
Uma análise linguístico-discursiva das representações de alunos imigrantes de um curso de Português como Língua Adicional
Authors: Lamarão Naira Gomes
Published: July 2024

Os deslocamentos humanos provocados por crises econômicas, sociais e humanitárias nunca foram tão intensos quanto agora. A compreensão desse cenário mundial de globalização, transformações econômicas, sociais e políticas têm ganhado espaço privilegiado no campo das Ciências Sociais. Assim, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as representações de alunos imigrantes venezuelanos de um curso de Português como Língua Adicional acerca do processo de imigração. Os dados foram coletados nas aulas de Produção textual sobre o gênero charge, com o tema imigração. Como aporte teórico utilizamos a Análise Crítica do Discurso empreendida por Chouliaraki e Fairclough (1999) e a perspectiva do Realismo Crítico desenvolvida por Bhaskar (1989). Os dados revelam que as representações produzidas por esses alunos sobre a imigração relacionam-se com as práticas sociais e discursivas, muitas vezes negativas e pejorativas, (re)produzidas pela sociedade sobre o tema.
A COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW OF MODERN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE
Authors: Zavertaliuk O. , Naumovska O. I.
Published: July 2024

Effective environmental management is becoming increasingly important due to the anthropogenic impact on ecosystems and their components. Environmental Management Systems (EMS) are essential for heavy industries, helping to reduce the human footprint on the environment and optimize the use of natural resources. This paper examines various types of EMS, their characteristics, architecture, and computational models. Key functions of these systems include monitoring and data collection, data analysis and processing, compliance management, incident and deviation management, planning and goal setting, as well as communication and reporting. EMS address tasks related to environmental auditing, reporting, and managing environmental risks of production processes. Various systems on the market offer unique solutions for different industries. Successful implementation examples include companies like BASF and Valspar, which have saved significant resources by integrating EMS into their production processes. The conclusions highlight the importance of EMS for sustainable development and environmental safety, as well as the need for their continuous updating and adaptation to new challenges.
DYNAMICS OF GREEN BIOMASS AND DRY MATTER YIELD FORMATION IN ESPARCET AS AFFECTED BY ELEMENTS OF CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Avramchuk B. I. , Demydas H. I.
Published: July 2024

Perennial legume crops are crucial for solving the problem of feed protein. In addition, due to the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen, they constitute the basis of biological farming in today’s agriculture. Among a number of perennial legume crops, esparcet deserves special attention, as it ensures a steady yield of green biomass. It is not highly demanding on soil fertility. Also, it is a good honey plant and medicinal crop. The article discusses the influence of the elements of cultivation technology on the yield of green biomass and dry matter in esparect. The highest yields of green biomass and dry matter of the biomass for 2 harvests were obtained for harvesting at the start of the budding stage at a sowing rate of 6 million seeds/ha, a row width of30 cm, and the application of fertiliser N30P60K90: 43.4 t/ha of green biomass and 11.0 t/ha of dry matter. We found that the influence of the studied factors was not the same. The highest yields were obtained at a sowing rate of 6 million seeds/ha, while an increase in the sowing rate to 7 million seeds/ha or a decrease to 5 million seeds/ha led to a decrease in yield. The lowest yields were recorded in a control treatment at a sowing rate of 5 million seeds/ha: 37.1 t/ha of green biomass and 8.1 t/ha of dry matter. The highest yields were obtained at a sowing rate of 6 million seeds/ha: 38.4 t/ha of green biomass and 8.7 t/ha of dry matter. An increase in the sowing rate to 7 million seeds/ha did not increase the yield, but led to a slight decrease in the yield of dry biomass and dry matter: 37.8 t/ha and 8.6 t/ha, respectively. The factor of fertilisation was less influent. When nitrogen was added to the phosphorus-potassium fertiliser N30P60K90, we recorded the highest yields: 43.4 t/ha of dry biomass and 11.0 t/ha of dry matter. With an increase in nitrogen rate to N45P60K90, the yield of green biomass remained at the same level; however, the yield of dry matter slightly decreased to 10.8 t/ha.
RESEARCH OF THE HONEY BACTERICIDAL ACTION AGAINST SALMONELLA ENTERICA
Authors: Adamchuk L. O. , Voinalovych M. V.
Published: July 2024

Salmonellosis is a registered gastrointestinal disorder in the EU caused by the consumption of foods contaminated with Salmonella enterica. Symptoms include gastroenteritis, abdominal cramps, bloody diarrhea, fever, myalgia, headache, nausea, and vomiting. The current direction of research is the search for ways and means of preventing salmonellosis, including the consumption of health products. Natural honey has broad bactericidal properties. The aim of the research was to establish the bactericidal effect of monofloral type of honey against Salmonella enterica. The materials were 26 samples of monofloral varieties of honey: rapeseed, acacia, linden, sunflower; and bacterial strains from the international collection of typical cultures of the Salmonella enterica serovar. Typhimurium CCM 3807. The botanical origin of the honey samples was established using melissopalynological analysis. The antibacterial effect was studied by testing the minimum bactericidal concentration of honey using the microdilution method, using the incubation of microplates with a nutrient medium and the application of a bacterial suspension. The botanical origin of the examined honey samples was established: 11 Helianthus, 10 Robinia, 3 Brassica, 2 Tilia. Of them, 12 samples of honey showed a bactericidal effect: 6 Helianthus, 3 Robinia, 1 Brassica, 2 Tilia. Only 1 sample of sunflower honey (No. 8) caused the death of bacteria at a low concentration of 0.118 g/ml. It didn't have a high level of monoflorality – 68% (Helianthus 68%, Medicago 18%, Trifolium 14%). Other samples of honey when diluted in low concentrations didn't show a bactericidal effect. At a concentration of 0.375 g/ml, 4 studied samples showed a bactericidal effect, including 2 sunflower (No. 5, 13), linden (No. 18) and rapeseed (No. 14). At a concentration of 0.750 g/ml, 7 tested samples showed a bactericidal effect, including 3 sunflower types (No. 20, 24, 25), 3 acacia (No. 4, 9, 15) and 1 linden types (No. 19).