bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accessory Head of the Flexor Pollicis Longus: A Cadaveric Study on the Gantzer’s Muscle
Authors: Jayan Aarabhy , Krishnaraj JS , Gopi Jipin
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The anterior interosseus nerve syndrome is a compression neuropathy affecting the anterior interosseus nerve, resulting in motor weakness of the long tendons to the index finger and thumb. Of the many conditions leading to this syndrome, one of the more common yet most overlooked aetiologies is the presence of accessory head of the flexor pollicis longus muscle, also called the Gantzer’s muscle. Even though numerous studies have been done in both Indian and international populations regarding the frequency of the Gantzer’s muscle, there are hardly any studies involving the South Indian population. Aim: To analyse the frequency and morphology of the Gantzer’s muscle in the sub-population of Malabar region, Kerala. Materials and Methods: This descriptive observational study was performed in Department of Anatomy at Malabar Medical College, Atholi, Kerala, India, from July 2021 to August 2021. Study included 60 upper limbs from the cadavers provided for undergraduate medical education. In the limbs where the muscle was identified, parameters such as proximal and distal attachments, shape and length of muscle and tendon, relation to adjacent median and anterior interosseus nerves were studied. Frequencies of each of these parameters were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21.0. Percentages obtained were compared with existing studies. Results: The Gantzer’s muscle was found in 28 of the 60 limbs dissected. It was more common on the right side (17 limbs), and the most common origin was the medial epicondyle (53.6%). All the cases identified were inserted onto the ulnar aspect of the Flexor Pollicis Longus tendon, mostly in the upper third. In all cases, the Median Nerve was superficial and the Anterior Interosseus Nerve was deep to the accessory head. In majority of the cases, the Anterior Interosseus Nerve was related to the posterior aspect of the belly of the Gantzer’s muscle (82.1%). Conclusion: Clinicians and surgeons should be conscious of the possibility of the Gantzer’s muscle being the aetiology, in cases of isolated Anterior Interosseus nerve palsies.
Multimodal Imaging in Diagnosis of Choroidal Metastasis in Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Simakurthy Sriram , Kumar Madhu , Shankar Om , Kanakamedla Ashok , Gudimetla Jayamadhury , Shandil Anurag
Published: February 2022

Intraocular metastasis is the most common malignancy of the eye in adults. It is commonly noted in uveal tract with choroid being the most common site due to its high vascularity. Carcinoma breast is the most common primary malignancy that accounts for choroidal metastasis in females and carcinoma of lung is the most common cause in males. In this article, we report a case of 54-year female who had carcinoma breast with choroidal metastasis in her left eye and highlight role of non-invasive multimodal imaging viz Fundus Autofluorescence, ED-OCT and B scan in diagnosing the same.
OCT RNFL and Macular GCC
Authors: Chaudhary Nisha , Sachdeva Neha , Sharma Umesh
Published: February 2022

Subjective errors in disc evaluation and visual field analysis is one of the major factor which reduces reliability of diagnosing and monitoring glaucoma progression. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) retinal nerve fibre layer and macular ganglion cell complex in glaucoma are non contact, rapid and reliable methods to detect both pre perimetric glaucoma and its progression.
Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography in Glaucoma
Authors: Singh Arshi
Published: February 2022

Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS OCT) is a non-invasive imaging modality which provides a quantitative assessment of subconjunctival space, angle of anterior chamber and lens position. For angle closure glaucoma, it is useful as a screening tool, understanding of the disease pathophysiology and predicting outcomes of lens surgery. In open angle glaucoma, its primary use is to monitor success of filtering surgeries like trabeculectomy or tube shunt by detailing bleb morphology and identifying early failure. By quantifying dimensions of angle, iris, cornea in real time, it aids in deciding laser or surgical intervention. The rapid, non-contact, high resolution image acquisition with ruler function, make this a valuable research tool. The review provides a comprehensive summary on principles, relevance, uses and limitations and advances of ASOCT in glaucoma practise.
OCT Angiography: A promising tool in Glaucoma
Authors: Saraf Priya , Sachdeva Neha , Amung Hage
Published: February 2022

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography, a non-invasive imaging modality provides a quantitative assessment of microcirculation of retina and choroid in various layers. It is based on split spectrum amplitude decorrelation algorithm (SSADA) which detects moving red blood cells and eliminates other noise (information). This review provides a comprehensive summary on relevance, uses and limitations of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) in glaucoma.
Determination of the number of women with endometriosis in private medical offices in the county of Cruz Alta – RS / Determinação do número de mulheres com endometriose em consultórios médicos particulares no munícipio de Cruz Alta-RS /
Authors: Dos Santos Tolentino Sheila , Mugnol Tatiana , Coser Janaina , Deuschle Viviane Cecilia Kesser Nunes
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: determinar o número de mulheres diagnosticadas com endometriose em consultórios médicos particulares do munícipio de Cruz Alta – RS. Método: transversal, prospectivo e descritivo, com cinco médicos ginecologistas que responderam à um questionário sobre as formas de diagnóstico e tratamento da endometriose. Resultados: os resultados demonstraram que a média de mulheres com endometriose foi de quatro pacientes por médico (total de 20 pacientes). A forma de diagnóstico mais utilizada foi a videolaparoscopia, relatada por 80% dos médicos, e as principais formas de tratamento foram por meio dos Análogos do Gonadotrofina (GnRH), como a Gosserrelina e os progestogénos como o Dienogest®. Conclusão: verifica-se que houve um número elevado de mulheres diagnosticadas com endometriose em consultórios particulares no município de Cruz Alta.
Nursing assistance and adherence to antiretroviral therapy / Assistência de enfermagem e adesão à terapia antirretroviral
Authors: Cabral Juliana da Rocha , Moraes Danielle Chianca de Andrade , Freire Daniela de Aquino , Cabral Luciana da Rocha , Lima Cesar de Andrade de , De Oliveira Regina Celia
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: analisar a classificação da adesão e a organização da assistência de enfermagem em serviços especializados. Método: estudo avaliativo e transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado em cinco Serviços de Assistência Especializada em HIV de Pernambuco, Brasil. Participaram 358 adultos em uso de antirretrovirais e os respectivos enfermeiros dos serviços. Os dados foram coletados por meio de dois instrumentos validados e analisados a partir dos testes estatísticos. Resultados: houve prevalência de uma regular e baixa adesão à terapia antirretrovital. (41,1% e 39,4%, respectivamente). Evidenciou-se que o nível de avaliação da assistência de enfermagem não foi determinante para o escores da adesão. Conclusão: o resultado encontrado no estudo é preocupante, visto aque adesão predominante foi regular. Desenvolver a sistematização da assistência de enfermagem nos serviços especializados deve ser estimulado com vistas à promoção da adesão medicamentosa.
Spatial analysis of american cutaneous leishmaniasis between 2007 and 2017 / Análise espacial da leishmaniose tegumentar americana entre 2007 e 2017
Authors: Silva Junior Sergio Vital da , Lima Caliandra Maria Bezerra Luna , Carneiro Rebeca Rocha , Bezerra Elismar Pedroza , Catão Maria Aparecida Cavalcanti , Freire Maria Eliane Moreira
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: analisar o perfil epidemiológico da leishmaniose tegumentar americana entre 2007 e 2017 na Paraíba, Nordeste Brasileiro. Método: estudo ecológico dos casos de leishmaniose tegumentar americana registrados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Utilizou-se o Risco Relativo, Método Scan Espacial e Método Bayesiano Empírico Local para a análise dos conglomerados. Resultados: foram registrados 671 casos de leishmaniose tegumentar americana na Paraíba entre 2007 e 2017 com maior ocorrência em 2009 e 2010, com 121 e 91 notificações, respectivamente e no sexo masculino (341). A maioria apresentou a forma clínica cutânea e residia na zona rural. Identificaram-se conglomerados espaciais significativos da leishmaniose tegumentar americana na Paraíba, no Litoral Norte, microrregião do Agreste e no município de Poço Dantas no Alto Sertão. Conclusões: os conglomerados espaciais de risco para a infecção demonstram a importância de ações imediatas de educação em saúde para prevenção do agravo.
Drive High Power UVC‐LED Wafer into Low‐Cost 4‐Inch Era: Effect of Strain Modulation
Authors: Liu Shangfeng , Yuan Ye , Huang Lijie , Zhang Jin , Wang Tao , Li Tai , Kang Junjie , Luo Wei , Chen Zhaoying , Sun Xiaoxiao , Wang Xinqiang
Published: February 2022

Ultraviolet‐C light‐emitting diodes (UVC‐LEDs) have great application in pathogen inactivation under various kinds of situations, especially in the fight against COVID‐19. Unfortunately, its epitaxial wafers are so far limited to a size of 2 inches, which greatly increases the cost of massive production. In this work, a 4‐inch crack‐free high‐power UVC‐LED wafer is reported. This achievement relies on a proposed strain‐tailored strategy, where a 3D to 2D (3D‐2D) transition layer is introduced during the homo‐epitaxy of AlN on the high temperature annealed (HTA)‐AlN template, which successfully drives the original compressive strain into a tensile one and thus solves the challenge of realizing a high‐quality Al0.6Ga0.4N layer with a flat surface. This smooth Al0.6Ga0.4N layer is nearly pseudomorphically grown on the strain‐tailored HTA‐AlN template, leading to 4‐inch UVC‐LED wafers with outstanding performances. The strategy succeeds in compromising the bottlenecked contradictory in producing a large‐sized UVC‐LED wafer on pronounced crystalline AlN template: The compressive strain in HTA‐AlN allows for a crack‐free 4‐inch wafer, but at the same time leads to a deterioration of the AlGaN morphology and crystal quality. The launch of 4‐inch wafers makes the chip fabrication process of UVC‐LEDs match the mature blue one, and will definitely speed up the universal application of UVC‐LED in daily life.
Pseudocapacitive Co‐Free Trimetallic Ni‐Zn‐Mn Perovskite Fluorides Enable Fast‐Rechargeable Zn‐Based Aqueous Batteries
Authors: Yu Wujiang , Ding Rui , Jia Ziyang , Li Yi , Wang Ailin , Liu Miao , Yang Feng , Sun Xiujuan , Liu Enhui
Published: February 2022

The Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have been largely confined by the sluggish diffusion kinetics of the cathode, and to develop the Co‐free electrode materials for Zn‐based aqueous batteries (ZABs) is of great importance for practical applications. Herein, a novel fast‐rechargeable ZAB constructed using a new type of pseudocapacitive Co‐free trimetallic Ni‐Zn‐Mn perovskite fluorides (ABF3, KNZMF) cathode is demonstrated. A deep study on the charge storage mechanisms of the KNZMF electrode materials has been conducted by various ex situ techniques, showing a typical conversion mechanism in the alkaline media along with the redox‐active or inert property for Ni/Mn or Zn species and the largely bulk phase transitions of ABF3 perovskite nanocrystals into amorphous metal oxides/(oxy)hydroxides nanosheets. Interestingly, the Co‐free KNZMF and Zn//KNZMF ZAB exhibit superior performance to the Co‐rich trimetallic Ni‐Co‐Mn ABF3 (KNCMF) and Zn//KNCMF ZAB, which is largely owing to the superior redox potential, OH− adsorption, deprotonation process, and surface electroactive sites of redox‐active Ni/Mn species confirmed by ex situ characterizations and density functional theory. The findings shed lights on developing advanced electrode materials for high performance electrochemical energy storage.
White‐Light‐Driven Resonant Emission from a Monolayer Semiconductor
Authors: Shang Jingzhi , Wu Lishu , Feng Shun , Chen Yu , Zhang Hongbo , Cong Chunxiao , Huang Wei , Yu Ting
Published: February 2022

Resonant emission in photonic structures is very useful to construct all‐photonic circuits for optical interconnects and quantum computing. Optical generation of most resonant‐emitting modes in photonic structures is obtained by coherent pumping rather than incoherent illumination. Particularly, the development of white‐light‐ or even solar‐powered on‐chip light sources remains challenging but is very attractive in view of the much facile availability of these incoherent excitation sources. Here, net resonant emission from a monolayer semiconductor is demonstrated under simulated solar illumination by a white‐light‐emitting diode. The device is formed by embedding a 2D gain medium into a planar microcavity on a silicon wafer, which is compatible with the prevailing on‐chip photonic technology. Coherent and white‐light excitation sources are, respectively, selected for optical pumping, where the output light in two cases exhibits well‐consistent resonant wavelength, linewidth, polarization, location, and Gaussian‐beam profile. The fundamental TEM00 mode behaves as a doublet emission, resulting from anisotropy‐induced non‐degenerate states with orthogonal polarizations. The extraordinary spectral flipping is attributed to the competitive interplay of resonant absorption and emission. This work paves a way toward white‐light or solar‐powered state‐of‐the‐art photonic applications at the chip scale.
Functionally Integrated Device with Robust and Durable Superhydrophobic Surface for Efficient, Continuous, and Recyclable Oil–Water Separation
Authors: Zhou Lei , Zhao Xinyu , Ju Guannan
Published: February 2022

A cost‐efficient, universal adhesive layer‐involved strategy is demonstrated for the construction of robust superhydrophobic surfaces on a variety of materials. This strategy uses recycled rubber particles (RRPs) and low‐surface‐energy coating to generate superhydrophobicity, which are fixed on the substrates by a precoated E‐44 resin (ER) adhesive layer. Benefitting from the robust ER adhesive layer and wear‐resistant rubber particles, the ER/RRPs composite coated low‐surface‐energy coating (ER/RRPs/LSEC composite) shows high robustness under various harsh conditions including repeated abrasion, sunlight radiation, and acid/basic corrosion. When evaluated as functionally integrated device for oil spill cleanup, these superhydrophobic structures show excellent oil‐absorption and oil–water separation properties. For example, the copper foam device coated with the ER/RRPs/LSEC composite shows a high oil–water separating efficiency of 95% before and after mechanical abrasion. This strategy provides a new toolbox for constructing robust superhydrophobic surfaces with oil–water separation applications and offers a novel insight into the durability of artificial superhydrophobic surfaces.
Brownian Tree‐Shaped Dendrites in Quasi‐2D Perovskite Films and Their Impact on Photovoltaic Performance
Authors: Zheng Fei , Angmo Dechan , Hall Christopher R. , Rubanov Sergey , Yuan Fangfang , Laird Jamie S. , Gao Mei , Smith Trevor A. , Ghiggino Kenneth P.
Published: February 2022

Quasi‐2D Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites (RPPs) are candidates for constructing perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with superior stability due to their tolerance to the external environment. Fully understanding the film growth mechanism and structure is crucial to further improve the performance of 2D‐PSCs while maintaining device stability. In this work, the origin of Brownian tree‐shaped dendrites formed in hot‐cast methylammonium chloride (MACl)‐doped BA2MAn−1PbnI3n+1 ( = 5) quasi‐2D perovskite films are reported. Investigations based on optical, electronic, atomic force, and fluorescence microscopies reveal that the dendrites are assembled from large‐n RPPs‐dominated grains, while the nondendritic film area is composed of small‐n RPPs grains and associated with film surface pits caused by the evaporation of MACl. It is proposed that these dendrites are grown by the diffusion‐limited aggregation of the MA‐rich intermediate phase domains that initially crystallize from the precursor. The formation of these dendrites in quasi‐2D perovskite films upon MACl doping is accompanied by improved organization and crystallinity of the 2D RPPs, which benefits the photovoltaic performance. This work provides new insights into the formation mechanism of quasi‐2D perovskite films that should assist device engineering strategies to further improve the performance of 2D PSCs.
Direct Synthesis of Sulfonimidoyl Guanidines from Sulfonimidoyl Azides under Dual (Cobalt and Photoredox) Catalysis
Authors: Ravindra S. , Nayak Abinash , Irfana Jesin C. P. , Chandra Nandi Ganesh
Published: February 2022

A visible‐light (456 nm) promoted dual catalytic (cobalt‐/photoredox) method for the direct synthesis of sulfonimidoyl guanidine via three‐component reaction of aryl amine, isonitrile and sulfonimidoyl azide (as nitrene source) is developed. The protocol is fast, mild and provides products with a wide range of substrates in 56–86% yields. Additionally, the replacement of aryl amine with alcohol and thiol as nucleophile leads to the formation of sulfonimidoyl isourea and sulfonimidoyl isothiourea respectively, which are not yet reported in the literature.

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Metastable Iron Sulfides Gram‐Dependently Counteract Resistant Gardnerella Vaginalis for Bacterial Vaginosis Treatment
Authors: Fang Ling , Ma Ruonan , Gao Xuejiao J. , Chen Lei , Liu Yuan , Huo Yanwu , Wei Taotao , Wang Xiaonan , Wang Qian , Wang Haojue , Cui Chengjun , Shi Qifeng , Jiang Jing , Gao Lizeng
Published: February 2022

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal infection found in women in the world. Due to increasing drug‐resistance of virulent pathogen such as Gardnerella vaginalis (G. vaginalis), more than half of BV patients suffer recurrence after antibotics treatment. Here, metastable iron sulfides (mFeS) act in a Gram‐dependent manner to kill bacteria, with the ability to counteract resistant G. vaginalis for BV treatment. With screening of iron sulfide minerals, metastable Fe3S4 shows suppressive effect on bacterial growth with an order: Gram‐variable G. vaginalis >Gram‐negative bacteria>> Gram‐positive bacteria. Further studies on mechanism of action (MoA) discover that the polysulfide species released from Fe3S4 selectively permeate bacteria with thin wall and subsequently interrupt energy metabolism by inhibiting glucokinase in glycolysis, and is further synergized by simultaneously released ferrous iron that induces bactericidal damage. Such multiple MoAs enable Fe3S4 to counteract G. vaginalis strains with metronidazole‐resistance and persisters in biofilm or intracellular vacuole, without developing new drug resistance and killing probiotic bacteria. The Fe3S4 regimens successfully ameliorate BV with resistant G. vaginalis in mouse models and eliminate pathogens from patients suffering BV. Collectively, mFeS represent an antibacterial alternative with distinct MoA able to treat challenged BV and improve women health.
Extracellular Adhesive Cues Physically Define Nucleolar Structure and Function
Authors: Pundel Oscar J. , Blowes Liisa M. , Connelly John T.
Published: February 2022

Adhesive cues from the extracellular matrix (ECM) specify the size and shape of the nucleus via mechanical forces transmitted through the cytoskeleton. However, the effects of these biophysical stimuli on internal nuclear architecture and cellular responses remain poorly understood. This study investigates the direct impact of ECM adhesion on nucleolar remodeling in human keratinocytes using micropatterned substrates. Limited adhesion on small micropatterns promotes fusion of nucleoli, alongside a reduction in nuclear volume and condensation of heterochromatin. These changes in nucleolar architecture are mediated by altered chromatin biomechanics and depend on integration of the nucleus with the actin cytoskeleton. Functionally, nucleolar remodeling regulates ribogenesis and protein synthesis in keratinocytes and is associated with specific transcriptional changes in ribogenesis genes. Together, these findings demonstrate that cell shape and nuclear morphology control nucleolar structure and function and implicate the nucleolus as a key mechano‐sensing element within the cell.
Overcoming Temperature‐Induced Degradation of Silver Nanowire Electrodes by an Ag@SnOx Core‐Shell Approach
Authors: Kalancha Violetta , These Albert , Vogl Lilian , Levchuk Ievgen , Zhou Xin , Barr Maïssa , Bruns Mark , Bachmann Julien , Virtanen Sannakaisa , Spiecker Erdmann , Osvet Andres , Brabec Christoph J. , Forberich Karen
Published: February 2022

Transparent electrodes consisting of silver nanowires (Ag NWs) are a solution‐processed alternative to commonly used indium tin oxide electrodes. Here, Ag NW electrodes protected by a tin oxide (SnOx) are explored and unprecedented thermal stability is found. While unprotected Ag NW electrodes fail at 250 °C, the SnOx Ag NW electrodes remain stable for 40 h at 250 °C and withstand high temperatures up to 500 °C for short times. First, an optimized method of synthesis that provides uniform Ag NWs with high reproducibility is used. Afterward, a SnOx shell is formed in a wet chemical reaction. Fabrication of highly conductive electrodes requires thermal annealing at 300 °C for 5 min under ambient atmosphere. Electrodes with a sheet resistance as low as 20 Ω sq‐1 and visible transmittance of 84% are demonstrated. It is shown that a ≈2 nm thick SnOx shell effectively protects the Ag NWs in a temperature range between 200 and 500 °C, whereas unprotected Ag NWs suddenly fail at temperatures beyond 200 °C. It is strongly anticipated that these improvements in the stability of Ag NWs open a large field of further investigations and applications.
Reducing Losses in Perovskite Large Area Solar Technology: Laser Design Optimization for Highly Efficient Modules and Minipanels
Authors: Castriotta Luigi Angelo , Zendehdel Mahmoud , Yaghoobi Nia Narges , Leonardi Enrico , Löffler Markus , Paci Barbara , Generosi Amanda , Rellinghaus Bernd , Di Carlo Aldo
Published: February 2022

The perovskite solar era has demonstrated 25.5% efficiency in only 10 years of research, reaching the performance levels of other photovoltaics technologies such as Si and GaAs, showing potentially low‐cost manufacturing and process versatility. However, these results are achieved only on small area cells, with an active area equal or lower to 0.1 cm2. The upscaling development of perovskite solar technology requires the use of additional processes to reduce losses encountered for large areas; for this reason, laser processing becomes necessary to design connected cells into modules. In this work, cell‐to‐module losses in perovskite solar modules are reduced by optimizing the laser design, establishing a relationship between geometrical fill factor, cell area width, and P1–P2–P3 laser parameters. Upscaling the process from 2.5 × 2.5 to 10 × 10 cm2 an efficiency of 18.71% and 17.79% is achieved on active area of 2.25 and 48 cm2 respectively, with only 5% relative losses when scaling from to minimodule to module size. A minipanel is fabricated on 20 × 20 cm2, showing 11.9% stabilized efficiency and 2.3 W on an active area of 192 cm2, among the highest reported in literature so far at this size.
Hierarchical Porous Nitrogen‐Doped Spray‐Dried Graphene for High Performance Capacitive Deionization
Authors: Noonan Owen , Kong Yueqi , Liu Yang , Kalantari Mohammed , Kumar Nanjundan Ashok , Huang Xiaodan , Yu Chengzhong
Published: February 2022

Graphene foam materials have attracted particular attention for capacitive deionization (CDI) applications due to their robust conductive framework and open three‐dimensional porous structures. However, their salt adsorption capacities (SACs) are limited by the bland macropores and poor compatibility with aqueous environments. Herein, hierarchical porous nitrogen‐doped spray‐dried graphene (N‐SDG) is prepared through a spray‐drying method followed by low‐temperature nitrogen doping. The resulting material exhibits hierarchical porosity and a nitrogen‐rich carbon framework which demonstrates an improved SAC of 19.6 mg g−1 in 500 mg L−1 NaCl solution, amongst the highest reported for graphene‐based CDI materials. The method herein demonstrates a commercially attractive approach for the production of N‐doped porous graphene material for CDI applications. These findings are expected to underpin new developments in low‐cost graphene‐based materials for a range of applications.
Characterization of potentially inappropriate medications use in Indian elderly population and their impact on quality of life using Beers criteria
Authors: Anand Pooja , Katyal Jatinder , Dey Aparajit Ballav , Gupta Yogendra Kumar
Published: February 2022

Background

Polypharmacy is principal cause of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) in elderly patients, which include over prescribing, under prescribing, and misprescribing.

Methods

Elderly subjects (≥60 years), of either sex, receiving two or more medications for one or more chronic ailments, attending Geriatrics Outpatient Department (OPD), at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) New Delhi, were included. Their prescriptions were assessed for PIMs by using Beers criteria 2015 and were further followed up at least once in 6 months for adverse events, telephonically. The results were analyzed by using suitable regression models and correlation analysis.

Results

Three hundred eighty patients average age of 65.4 ± 4.7 years were enrolled. Eighty‐eight percent of the people were having greater than or equal to two ailments. Each patient was prescribed 6.7 ± 2.1 medications with 65% of prescriptions having one or more PIMs. Out of the total prescribed drugs, 15% were satisfying Beers criteria for PIMs. There were 63 adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reported. A statistically significant correlation was observed among comorbidities, number of prescribed medications, PIMs, and ADRs. Quality of life (QOL) of the elderly patients was negatively corelated with polypharmacy and female sex.

Conclusion

A risk‐benefit analysis of prescribed medications is part and parcel of prescribing, especially in elderly patients. In order to decrease further risks associated with inappropriate prescribing, there is need for indigenous guidelines and intensive training.
Aging clocks & mortality timers, methylation, glycomic, telomeric and more. A window to measuring biological age
Authors: Palmer Raymond D.
Published: February 2022

As humans age multiple forms of biological decay ensue, and many aspects of human biology can be measured to determine how far biological machinery has drifted from homeostasis. Research has led to aging clocks being developed that claim to predict biological age as opposed to chronological age. Aging could be regarded as a measured loss of homeostatic biological equilibrium that augments biological decay in fully developed tissues. Measuring aspects of how far various elements of biology have drifted from a youthful state may allow us to make determinations on a subject's health but also make informed predictions on their biological age. As we see across human physiology, many facets that maintain human health taper off such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, glutathione, catalase, super oxide dismutase, and more. Extracellular vesicle density also tapers off during age combined with epigenetic drift, telomere attrition, and stem cell exhaustion, whilst genomic instability and biological insults from environment and lifestyle factors increase. Measuring these types of biomarkers with aging clocks may allow subjects to understand their own health more accurately and enable subjects to better focus on their efforts in the pursuit of longevity and, in addition, allow healthcare practitioners to deliver better health advice.
Solid‐phase molecular self‐assembly facilitated supramolecular films with alternative hydrophobic/hydrophilic domains for skin moisture detection
Authors: Qi Jinwan , Wu Tongyue , Wang Wenkai , Jin Hongjun , Gao Shuitao , Jiang Shasha , Huang Jianbin , Yan Yun
Published: February 2022

Human skin moisture is closely related to health and personal care issues. Many creams were developed to claim capable of skin moisturizing. However, people can hardly check their skin moisture status and the moisturizing effect of various creams conveniently, since currently all the skin moisturizing detection rely on large equipment requiring power supply. Herein, we report a power‐supply independent supramolecular film that is able to directly report the moisturizing status of the skin. With the strategy of solid‐phase molecular self‐assembly (SPMSA), the aqueous precipitates formed by commercially available polyelectrolyte and oppositely charged surfactant would transform into a supramolecular film under a mild mechanical pressure, where the hydrophobic surfactant domains bridged by polyelectrolyte merge into hydrophobic mesophases to reduce interfacial energy. The hydrophobic mesophase will greatly retard water diffusion inside the film, so that a humidity gradient is generated as the film is exposed to a humid environment. The film will bend upward automatically in touch with moisture skin, and the bending degree is proportional to the skin moisture status. Therefore, the film can be used as portable smart power‐free skin moisture sensor.
Selbstassemblierte fluoreszierende Blockcopolymer‐Mizellen mit responsiver Emission
Authors: Kurz Hannah , Hils Christian , Timm Jana , Hörner Gerald , Greiner Andreas , Marschall Roland , Schmalz Holger , Weber Birgit
Published: February 2022

Responsive, fluoreszierende Materialien versprechen neue Anwendungen in der Sensorik und der (biologischen) Bildgebung. In dieser Studie stellen wir einen konzeptionell neuartigen Zugang zu solchen Materialien auf Basis der Selbstassemblierung von nicht‐fluoreszierenden Bausteinen zu fluoreszierenden Materialien vor. Stark emittierende Kompositmaterialien werden nach Verkapselung des nicht‐fluoreszierenden Zink(II)‐Komplexes [Zn(L)] in eine Reihe von nicht‐fluoreszierenden Polystyrol‐block‐Poly(4‐vinylpyridin) (PS‐b‐P4VP) Diblockcopolymer‐Mizellen erhalten. Die koordinationsinduzierte Turn‐On Emission von [Zn(L)] im P4VP‐Kern übertrifft die von gelösten [Zn(L)] in Pyridin hinsichtlich wichtiger Gütefaktoren, wie Lebensdauer, Quantenausbeute und Temperaturbeständigkeit. Die Quantenausbeute kann leicht über das Medium eingestellt werden, indem die Tendenz der PS‐b‐P4VP Diblockcopolymere zur Selbstassemblierung zu Mizellen über die Selektivität des verwendeten Lösungsmittels oder Lösungsmittelgemisches angepasst wird. Ein medienabhängiger Off‐On Sensor, der mit der Mizellbildung gekoppelt ist, konnte durch Unterdrückung des nicht mizellenbasierten Emissionshintergrunds in Chloroform durch kontrolliertes Ansäuern realisiert werden, was auf einen zusätzlichen pH‐abhängigen Prozess hinweist.
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Hyperforin and Pyrohyperforin
Authors: Ji Yunpeng , Hong Benke , Franzoni Ivan , Wang Mengyang , Guan Weiqiang , Jia Hongli , Li Houhua
Published: February 2022

Capitalizing on the late‐stage diversification of an essential 1,3‐diene intermediate, we describe herein a 9‐step enantioselective total synthesis of (+)‐hyperforin and (+)‐pyrohyperforin, starting from commercially available allylacetone. Our convergent synthesis features a series of critical reactions: 1) an enantioselective deconjugative α‐alkylation of α,β‐unsaturated acid using chiral lithium amides as noncovalent stereodirecting auxiliaries; 2) a HfCl4‐mediated carbonyl α‐tert‐alkylation to forge the intricate bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane framework; 3) an abiotic cascade pyran formation; and 4) a selective 1,4‐semihydrogenation of polyenes. During the course of our synthesis, we also identified a 1,2‐cyclopropanediol overbred intermediate which was responsible for the 1,3‐diene precursor formation through a controlled fragmentation.
Simultaneous Counting of Molecules in the Halo and Dense‐Core of Nanovesicles by Regulating Dynamics of Vesicle Opening
Authors: He Xiulan , Ewing Andrew G.
Published: February 2022

We report the discovery that in the presence of chaotropic anions (SCN−) the opening of nanometer biological vesicles at an electrified interface often becomes a two‐step process (around 30 % doublet peaks). We have then used this to independently count molecules in each subvesicular compartment, the halo and protein dense‐core, and the fraction of catecholamine binding to the dense‐core is 68 %. Moreover, we differentiated two distinct populations of large dense‐core vesicles (LDCVs) and quantified their content, which might correspond to immature (43 %) and mature (30 %) LDCVs, to reveal differences in their biogenesis. We speculate this is caused by an increase in the electrostatic attraction between protonated catecholamine and the negatively charged dense‐core following adsorption of SCN−.
Time‐Resolved In Situ Monitoring of Mechanochemical Reactions
Authors: Michalchuk Adam A. L. , Emmerling Franziska
Published: February 2022

Mechanochemical transformations offer environmentally benign synthesis routes, whilst enhancing both the speed and selectivity of reactions. In this regard, mechanochemistry promises to transform the way in which chemistry is done in both academia and industry but is greatly hindered by a current lack of mechanistic understanding. The continued development and use of time‐resolved in situ (TRIS) approaches to monitor mechanochemical reactions provides a new dimension to elucidate these fascinating transformations. We here discuss recent trends in method development that have pushed the boundaries of mechanochemical research. New features of mechanochemical reactions obtained by TRIS techniques are subsequently discussed, which sheds light on how different TRIS approaches have been used. Emphasis is placed on the strength of combining complementary techniques. Finally, we outline our views on the potential of TRIS methods in mechanochemical research, towards establishing a new, environmentally benign paradigm in the chemical sciences.
Synthesis and properties of Sm‐TiO2 coupled with g‐C3N4 for improved photocatalytic degradation toward methylene blue and tetracycline under visible‐light irradiation
Authors: Cui Tianyi , Zhang Yuan , Yan Yumin , Zhao Jianbo , Qi Kezhen , Jiang Jianhui
Published: February 2022

Owing to the great harm that water pollution has caused to the natural environment, the effective treatment of sewage is crucial. In this study, Sm‐TiO2/g‐C3N4 composites were synthesized for the degradation of MB and TC pollutants. The experimental results showed that up to 91.8% and 93.3% of MB and TC pollutants were removed within 120 min of illumination, which were 2.8 and 2.3 times greater than that of pure TiO2, respectively, showing the good optical properties of the composites. Due to the coupling between Sm‐TiO2 and g‐C3N4, the separation of photogenerated electron holes is accelerated, thereby enhancing the photocatalytic activity of the composites. This not only enabled the strong redox ability of TiO2 to be retained, but also effectively promoted electron migration, thus improving the photocatalytic activity of the composites.
Nafion/SiO2@TiO2‐palygorskite membranes with improved proton conductivity
Authors: Thmaini Noura , Charradi Khaled , Ahmed Zakarya , Aranda Pilar , Chtourou Radhouane
Published: February 2022

This work deals with the synthesis of SiO2@TiO2 supported palygorskite fibers and their use as a filler for proton exchange membrane fuel cells in order to improve their performance. SiO2@TiO2‐palygorskite nanostructured particles were synthesized separately with original route to ensure the growth of TiO2 and then of SiO2 on the surface of the clay. Accordingly, the introduction of the synthetic filler (SiO2@TiO2‐paly) into the electrolyte membrane (Nafion) aims to improve mechanical, thermal, and proton conductivity properties. The TiO2 nanoparticles were generated via a sol–gel process on the external surface of palygorskite. Then, SiO2 nanoparticles were synthetized using a similar sol–gel process, onto the TiO2‐palygorskite particles to produce the final SiO2@TiO2‐palygorskite particles. The physico‐chemical properties of the nanostructured particles were studied by X‐ray diffractometry, Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Nafion based composite membranes were prepared using SiO2@TiO2‐palygorskite and TiO2‐palygorskite as a control standard. The composite membranes show improved mechanical properties, thermal stability, water retention, and proton conductivity compared to the neat Nafion membrane. Proton conductivities (at 100°C and 100% relative humidity) increased from 65.0 mS/cm for neat Nafion to 70.4 mS/cm and to 128.6 mS/cm when incorporated TiO2‐Paly (6% in weight) and SiO2@TiO2‐Paly (6% in weight), respectively.
Detection of o‐nitro aniline by bovine serum albumin based self‐fluorescent hydrogel via FRET process
Authors: Pan Dipika , Jana Biswajit , Ganguly Jhuma
Published: February 2022

Selective and sensitive detection of nitroaromatic compounds is recent concern for both security purpose and pollution control. Nitroaromatics are either explosive in nature or used in preparation of explosives and they inherently carry the toxic property. Herein, a selective and rapid detection of ortho nitro aniline (o‐NA) by glutaraldehyde cross‐linked bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein functionalized auto fluorescent hydrogel (BG) in aqueous medium is reported. The hydrogel is characterized by Scanning electron microscope, rheology, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering. The change in conformation due to gelation of BSA is supported by FTIR with alternation of peak intensity and position, DLS with increased average particle size, UV–vis spectra having different kind of peaks after gelation and SEM image with porous morphology. A good linear relationship of fluorescence detection of o‐NA is observed in range of 0–3 × 10−4 (M) with the detection limit of 35 μM. The sensing procedure is performed by involving dried BG gel in aqueous medium. The possible quenching process is established via FRET mechanism between BG gel and o‐NA showing high selectivity and sensitivity towards the detection of o‐NA over the other nitroaromatics and common ions present in water.
Data‐driven modeling of heterogeneous viscoelastic biofilms
Authors: Li Mengfei , Matouš Karel , Nerenberg Robert
Published: February 2022

Biofilms are typically heterogeneous in morphology, structure, and composition, resulting in nonuniform mechanical properties. The distribution of mechanical properties, in turn, determines the biofilm behavior, such as deformation and detachment. Most biofilm models neglect biofilm heterogeneity, especially at the microscale. In this study, an image‐based modeling approach was developed to transform two‐dimensional optical coherence tomography (OCT) biofilm images to a pixel‐scale non‐Newtonian viscosity map of the biofilm. The map was calibrated using the bulk viscosity data from rheometer tests, based on assumed maximum and minimum viscosities and a relationship between OCT image intensity signals and non‐Newtonian viscosity. While not quantitatively measuring biofilm viscosity for each pixel, it allows a rational spatial allocation of viscosities within the biofilm: areas with lower cell density, for example, voids, are assigned lower viscosities, and areas with high cell densities are assigned higher viscosities. The spatial distribution of non‐Newtonian viscosity was applied in an established Oldroyd‐B constitutive model and implemented using the phase‐field continuum approach for the deformation and stress analysis. The heterogeneous model was able to predict deformations more accurately than a homogenous one. Stress distribution in the heterogeneous biofilm displayed better characteristics than that in the homogeneous one, because it is highly dependent on the viscosity distribution. This study, using a pixel‐scale, image‐based approach to map the mechanical heterogeneity of biofilms for computational deformation and stress analysis, provides a novel modeling approach that allows the consideration of biofilm structural and mechanical heterogeneity. Future research should better characterize the relationship between OCT signal and viscosity, and consider other constitutive models for biofilm mechanical behavior.
Glyco‐Steroidal Amphiphiles (GSAs) for Membrane Protein Structural Study
Authors: Ehsan Muhammad , Wang Haoqing , Katsube Satoshi , Munk Chastine F. , Du Yang , Youn Taeyeol , Yoon Soyoung , Byrne Bernadette , Loland Claus J. , Guan Lan , Kobilka Brian K. , Chae Pil Seok
Published: February 2022

Integral membrane proteins pose considerable challenges to high resolution structural analysis. Maintaining membrane proteins in their native state during protein isolation is essential for structural study of these bio‐macromolecules. Detergents are the most commonly used amphiphilic compounds for stabilizing membrane proteins in solution outside a lipid bilayer. We previously introduced a glyco‐diosgenin (GDN) detergent that was shown to be highly effective at stabilizing a wide range of membrane proteins. This steroidal detergent has additionally gained attention due to its compatibility with membrane protein structure study via cryo‐EM. However, synthetic inconvenience limits widespread use of GDN in membrane protein study. To improve its synthetic accessibility and to further enhance detergent efficacy for protein stabilization, we designed a new class of glyco‐steroid‐based detergents using three steroid units: cholestanol, cholesterol and diosgenin. These new detergents were efficiently prepared and showed marked efficacy for protein stabilization in evaluation with a few model membrane proteins including two G protein‐coupled receptors. Some new agents were not only superior to a gold standard detergent, DDM (n‐dodecyl‐β‐d‐maltoside), but were also more effective than the original GDN at preserving protein integrity long term. These agents represent valuable alternatives to GDN, and are likely to facilitate structural determination of challenging membrane proteins.
Awareness levels of breast cancer among female university and medical college students in Sylhet city of Bangladesh
Authors: Akter Mst. Farzana , Ullah Mohammad Ohid
Published: February 2022

Background

Breast cancer has become a concerning health problem worldwide due to its increasing incidence rate. Women from developing countries are dying off due to the lack of knowledge on breast cancer and its different early detection programs.

Aims

This study explores the level of knowledge about breast cancer risk factors, early warning signs, screening, and therapeutic approaches and their influential determinants among university and medical college students.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted, including 567 female university‐level students (343 female students from 1 university and 224 female students from 1 medical college). This study used a semi‐structured questionnaire about four aspects (risk factors, early warning signs, screening, and therapeutic approaches) of breast cancer, latent class analysis (LCA), and latent class regression (LCR) for investigation.

Results

The percent of knowing correct answers of risk factors, early warning signs, screening approaches, and therapeutic methods were 86.3%, 69.8%, 70.2%, and 51.2%, respectively for medical students who had a high level of awareness and those for university students were 73.0%, 66.8%, 35.9%, and 24.7%. On the other hand, only 37.95% of medical students had been practicing Breast self‐examination (BSE), while it was 18.37% for university students. The most effective predictors of the high level of awareness were age, advertisements (ad) promoting awareness about breast cancer, programs/campaign related to breast cancer, and personal breast problem history.

Conclusions

Taken together, the awareness level about four aspects of breast cancer is low among university students and is moderately high among medical students. Therefore, relevant health education programs in every educational institute are urgently needed to improve the awareness levels among female students to improve women's health at home and abroad.
Regularized lattice Boltzmann method parallel model on heterogeneous platforms
Authors: Liu Zhixiang , Li Yu , Song Wei
Published: February 2022

As an improved method of lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), regularized lattice Boltzmann method (RLBM) has been applied to simulate fluid flow. Nevertheless, the performance of RLBM needs to be considered when simulating actual problems. The rise of multicore platforms, especially the popularity of graphics processor units (GPUs), has provided possible implementation solutions for parallel computing. In this article, an RLBM parallel model on the CPU/GPU heterogeneous platforms is proposed. To solve the problem of possible GPU memory shortage, the CPU controls the startup of the kernel function in the RLBM algorithm and participates in the calculation. Due to the characteristics of the algorithm, the entire flow field is divided into CPU computing areas and GPU computing areas according to the given flow field division rules. OpenMP and CUDA are, respectively, applied to CPU and GPU for parallel computing. The startup of the kernel function takes a short time, and the CPU and GPU can be approximately regarded as performing calculations simultaneously. Since the data exchange between the CPU and GPU has a significant impact on performance, a buffer is set at the boundary of the CPU and GPU to reduce the frequency of data exchange. The buffer size determines the number of program iterations before exchanging data. The performance of the algorithm is measured by MFLUPS, and the algorithm is applied to the 3D lid‐driven cavity flow. The obtained results show that the MFLUPS of the algorithm is 25 times that of CPU MFLUPS, and it adds an increment equivalent to CPU MFLUPS compared with GPU MFLUPS. And the algorithm is extended to a multi‐GPU version, which is also applied to the 3D lid‐driven cavity flow. The results obtained show that the MFLUPS of the multi‐GPU version is 1.8 times that of the single GPU.