bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparison of patient dose and occupational eye dose to the operator and nursing staff during transcatheter cardiac and endovascular procedures
Authors: Wilson-Stewart Kelly S. , Fontanarosa Davide , Malacova Eva , Trapp Jamie V.
Published: February 2023

The number and complexity of transcatheter procedures continue to increase, raising concerns regarding radiation exposure to patients and staff. Procedures such as transaortic valve implantations (TAVI) have led to cardiologists adopting higher dose techniques, such as digital subtraction angiography (DSA). This study compared the estimated patient and occupational eye dose during coronary angiography (CA), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), TAVI workups (TWU), TAVI, endovascular aneurysm repairs (EVAR), and other peripheral diagnostic (VD) and interventional (VI) vascular procedures. A quantitative analysis was performed on patient dose during 299 endovascular and 1498 cardiac procedures. Occupational dose was measured for the cardiologists (n = 24), vascular surgeons (n = 3), scrub (n = 32) and circulator nurses (n = 35). TAVI and EVAR were associated with the highest average dose for all staff, and significantly higher patient dose area product, probably attributable to the use of DSA. Scrub nurses were exposed to higher average doses than the operator and scout nurse during CA, VD and VI. Circulating nurses had the highest average levels of exposure during TAVI. This study has demonstrated that EVAR and TAVI have similar levels of occupational and patient dose, with a notable increase in circulator dose during TAVI. The use of DSA during cardiac procedures is associated with an increase in patient and staff dose, and cardiologists should evaluate whether DSA is necessary. Scrub nurses may be exposed to higher levels of occupational dose than the operator.
A model of behavioural response to risk accurately predicts the statistical distribution of COVID-19 infection and reproduction numbers
Authors: Costello Fintan , Watts Paul , Howe Rita
Published: February 2023

One clear aspect of behaviour in the COVID-19 pandemic has been people’s focus on, and response to, reported or observed infection numbers in their community. We describe a simple model of infectious disease spread in a pandemic situation where people’s behaviour is influenced by the current risk of infection and where this behavioural response acts homeostatically to return infection risk to a certain preferred level. This homeostatic response is active until approximate herd immunity is reached: in this domain the model predicts that the reproduction rateRwill be centred around a median of 1, that proportional change in infection numbers will follow the standard Cauchy distribution with location and scale parameters 0 and 1, and that high infection numbers will follow a power-law frequency distribution with exponent 2. To test these predictions we used worldwide COVID-19 data from 1st February 2020 to 30th June 2022 to calculate$$95\%$$95%confidence interval estimates across countries for theseR, location, scale and exponent parameters. The resulting medianRestimate was$$95\%\; CI=[0.99, 1.01]$$95%CI=[0.99,1.01](predicted value 1) the proportional change location estimate was$$95\%\; CI=[-0.01, 0.02]$$95%CI=[-0.01,0.02](predicted value 0), the proportional change scale estimate was$$95\%\; CI=[0.99, 1.08]$$95%CI=[0.99,1.08](predicted value 1), and the frequency distribution exponent estimate was$$95\%\; CI=[1.97, 2.15]$$95%CI=[1.97,2.15](predicted value 2); in each case the observed estimate agreed with model predictions.
Harnessing the placebo effect to enhance emotion regulation effectiveness and choice
Authors: Shafir Roni , Israel Maya , Colloca Luana
Published: February 2023

The placebo effect demonstrates how positive expectancies shape the effectiveness of various treatments. Across studies, placebo treatments are interventions (creams, pills, etc.) that are presented to individuals as, and are learned to be, beneficial for them. This study tested whether placebo-induced expectancies can be harnessed to improve individuals’ internal emotion regulation attempts. Participants implemented two types of distraction, an emotion regulation strategy involving attentional disengagement, to attenuate fear of pain. In a typical conditioning paradigm, the placebo-distraction was introduced as an effective strategy (verbal suggestion) and was surreptitiously paired with reduced pain (conditioning), whereas the control-distraction was introduced as noneffective and was surreptitiously paired with increased pain. As predicted, we found that during a later test phase, where pain intensity was identical, the placebo-distraction resulted in reduced self-reported fear of pain, relative to the control-distraction. Moreover, we utilized a robust behavioral choice measure, demonstrating increased preferences for the placebo-distraction. We additionally tested whether these effects generalize to a different emotional context of fear of unpleasant pictures. In that context, the placebo-distraction was as effective as the control-distraction, but was substantially preferred. This study demonstrates that the placebo effect can be expanded to include individuals’ internal attempts to influence their conditions.
Propriety assessment model for life cycle operational global warming potential of apartment buildings in Korea using energy efficiency and energy effective area data
Authors: Kim Hyunsik , Lim Hyojin , Kim Jeonghwan , Roh Seungjun
Published: February 2023

In response to global warming, researchers worldwide are actively investigating various techniques and institutional frameworks to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases. Despite numerous life cycle assessment (LCA) studies indicating that global warming effects due to lifetime energy consumption are the greatest in the building operation stage, the absence of a standard global warming potential (GWP) report based on building energy usage makes it difficult to examine realistic GWP reduction directions. In South Korea, energy data for numerous buildings were collected through the Building Energy Efficiency Certification (BEEC) for several years, with data from apartment buildings receiving the most attention. GWP emissions were evaluated using the data through Green Standard for Energy and Environmental Design LCA. Here, we developed a model for apartment buildings to assess mutual propriety for GWP emissions (E) and energy effective area ratio (RE) during building operation to support the reduction of GWP emissions caused by lifetime operational energy consumption resulting from planning and design. We collected apartment BEEC data and used them to calculate the energy effective area ratio and GWP emissions of each building, which were then classified by energy use and source. Linear regression analysis was performed between RE and E for each classification, and the derived regression equation was developed as a GWP assessment model for apartments. The applicability of the proposed model was examined through a case study, which confirmed that the model can be used to determine design directions for reducing GWP emissions for every energy in apartments.
High growth temperature for AlN by jet stream gas flow metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Nagamatsu Kentaro , Miyagawa Takumi , Tomita Atsushi , Hirayama Hideki , Takashima Yuusuke , Naoi Yoshiki
Published: February 2023

Deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes have attracted considerable attention for realizing virus inactivation applications. The UV-LEDs use the AlN underlying layer and the plane sapphire substrate. However, the low growth temperature in AlN underlying layer is grown by limited growth temperature in conventional MOVPE, and high temperature is preferable for AlN growth. Furthermore, the AlN underlying layer has many dislocations owing to the active layer in the device region when the flat sapphire substrate was used with a dislocation value of > 109 cm−2. We showed the high-temperature crystal growth of AlN with a temperature of 1700 °C by high temperature and gas flow velocity MOVPE. The achieved dislocation density was ~ 4 × 108 cm−2. Additionally, this data means the low dislocation densities in the AlN layer with a growth time of only 15 min and a dislocation density of < 1 × 109 cm−2 are obtained. The AlN growth temperature exceeding 1550 °C decreases the growth rate. These results indicate desorption from the surface of the substrate in a hydrogen atmosphere. Furthermore, the characteristic dislocation behavior of AlN in high-temperature growth at 1700 °C was elucidated from TEM images.
Suppression of wetting transition on evaporative fakir droplets by using slippery superhydrophobic surfaces with low depinning force
Authors: Shamim Jubair A. , Takahashi Yukinari , Goswami Anjan , Shaukat Nadeem , Hsu Wei-Lun , Choi Junho , Daiguji Hirofumi
Published: February 2023

This study experimentally investigated the evaporation and wetting transition behavior of fakir droplets on five different microstructured surfaces. Diamond-like carbon was introduced as the substrate, and the influence of varying the width, height, and pitch of the micropillars was assessed. The experimental results showed that the interfacial properties of the surfaces change the evaporation behavior and the starting point of the wetting transition. An important result of this study is the demonstration of a slippery superhydrophobic surface with low depinning force that suppresses the transition from the Cassie–Baxter state to the Wenzel state for microdroplets less than 0.37 mm in diameter, without employing large pillar height or multiscale roughness. By selecting an appropriate pillar pitch and employing tapered micropillars with small pillar widths, the solid–liquid contact at the three-phase contact line was reduced and low depinning forces were obtained. The underlying mechanism by which slippery superhydrophobic surfaces suppress wetting transitions is also discussed. The accuracy of the theoretical models for predicting the critical transition parameters was assessed, and a numerical model was developed in the surface evolver to compute the penetration of the droplet bottom meniscus within the micropillars.
Spatiotemporal forecasting of vertical track alignment with exogenous factors
Authors: Kosukegawa Katsuya , Mori Yasukuni , Suyari Hiroki , Kawamoto Kazuhiko
Published: February 2023

To ensure the safety of railroad operations, it is important to monitor and forecast track geometry irregularities. A higher safety requires forecasting with higher spatiotemporal frequencies, which in turn requires capturing spatial correlations. Additionally, track geometry irregularities are influenced by multiple exogenous factors. In this study, a method is proposed to forecast one type of track geometry irregularity, vertical alignment, by incorporating spatial and exogenous factor calculations. The proposed method embeds exogenous factors and captures spatiotemporal correlations using a convolutional long short-term memory. The proposed method is also experimentally compared with other methods in terms of the forecasting performance. Additionally, an ablation study on exogenous factors is conducted to examine their individual contributions to the forecasting performance. The results reveal that spatial calculations and maintenance record data improve the forecasting of vertical alignment.
Study comparing the tribological behavior of propylene glycol and water dispersed with graphene nanopowder
Authors: Haribabu A. , Surakasi Raviteja , Thimothy P. , Khan Mohammad Amir , Khan Nadeem A. , Zahmatkesh Sasan
Published: February 2023

Nanofluids made up of propylene glycol, and water and graphene nanopowder dispersed throughout them are the primary focus of our study. Nanofluids were created by mixing propylene glycol and water in quantities of 100:0, 75:25, and 50:50. The essential fluids used in this experiment were propylene glycol and water. Graphene was dispersed in these three different base fluids at percentages of 0.25 and 0.5, respectively. This body of work's fundamental objective is to explore nanofluids' tribological behavior. This behavior was observed with a pin-on-disc device, and the impact for load on wear, coefficient of friction, and frictional force was investigated. The tests were conducted with weights ranging from 1 to 3 kg. It was revealed that as the load ascended, there was a reduction in the amount of wear, the coefficient of friction, and the frictional force for the most of the samples tested. Still, there was an increase in the amount of wear and friction coefficient, including the frictional force for some of the samples.
Pathogens associated with hospitalization due to acute lower respiratory tract infections in children in rural Ghana: a case–control study
Authors: Krumkamp Ralf , Kohsar Matin , Nolte Kolja , Hogan Benedikt , Eibach Daniel , Jaeger Anna , Akenten Charity Wiafe , Drosten Christian , Boahen Kennedy Gyau , Sarpong Nimako , Eckerle Isabella , Binger Tabea , Owusu-Dabo Ellis , May Jürgen , Kreuels Benno
Published: February 2023

Respiratory infections are one of the most common causes of death among children under the age of five years. Data on prevalence and relevance of specific organisms in African children are still lacking. This case–control-study investigated prevalence and relevance of specific organisms in Ghanaian children admitted to hospital with symptoms of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). Pharyngeal swabs were taken and tested by PCR for 19 respiratory isolates. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were calculated to estimate associations between isolates and admission with LRTI. Population attributable fractions (PAFs) were calculated to assess the proportion of LRTI cases due to a particular pathogen. The study included 327 cases and 562 controls. We found associations between detection and admission for LRTI for influenza (aOR 98.6; 95% confidence interval (CI) 20.0–1789.6), respiratory syncytial virus (aOR 40.2; 95% CI 7.2–758.6), H. influenzae (aOR 4.1; 95% CI 2.2–7.9) and S. pneumoniae (aOR 2.4; 95% CI 1.7–3.4). PAFs ≥ 10% were observed for S. pneumoniae (30%; 95% CI 26–42), H. influenzae (10%; 95% CI 2–19) and influenza (10%; 95% CI 2–18). This study highlights the need for heightened surveillance and development of effective vaccines for respiratory pathogens other than SARS-CoV-2 in the future.
Research on the ring formation mechanism of magnesian flux pellets in rotary kiln
Authors: Guo Zongheng , Tian Tielei , Zhang Yuzhu
Published: February 2023

The forming of rings was a key problem of magnesian flux pellets in rotary kiln, which seriously limited production efficiency. Pellet powder and flux were the raw materials of the ring. Based on this, the bonding strength, melting behavior and microstructure of pellet powder and its mixed powder with flux were investigated. The influence of basicity (R = CaO/SiO2) on ring behavior of pellet powder was analyzed, and ring formation mechanism of magnesian flux pellets was clarified. The results showed that acid pellet powder was not easy to form rings due to lower bonding strength of briquettes. Due to changes in bonding process after mixing of flux, magnesian flux pellet powder produced ferrite and silicate liquid phase with lower melting point, which promoted diffusion and recrystallization of hematite and enhanced compressive strength of briquettes, then finally caused rings to form. Moreover, it is required to control roasting temperature below 1200 °C, which is a necessary condition for magnesian flux pellet powder to form an initial ring which was easy to be destroyed.
Genomic architecture of migration timing in a long-distance migratory songbird
Authors: de Greef Evelien , Suh Alexander , Thorstensen Matt J. , Delmore Kira E. , Fraser Kevin C.
Published: February 2023

The impact of climate change on spring phenology poses risks to migratory birds, as migration timing is controlled predominantly by endogenous mechanisms. Despite recent advances in our understanding of the underlying genetic basis of migration timing, the ways that migration timing phenotypes in wild individuals may map to specific genomic regions requires further investigation. We examined the genetic architecture of migration timing in a long-distance migratory songbird (purple martin, Progne subis subis) by integrating genomic data with an extensive dataset of direct migratory tracks. A moderate to large amount of variance in spring migration arrival timing was explained by genomics (proportion of phenotypic variation explained by genomics = 0.74; polygenic score R2 = 0.24). On chromosome 1, a region that was differentiated between migration timing phenotypes contained genes that could facilitate nocturnal flights and act as epigenetic modifiers. Overall, these results advance our understanding of the genomic underpinnings of migration timing.
Identification and analysis of the genetic integrity of different types of rice resources through SSR markers
Authors: Zhou Huiying , Li Shuhui , Liu Jin , Hu Jiaxiao , Le Si , Li Maomao
Published: February 2023

Seed aging is the key factor leading to the loss of genetic integrity. In this study, the seeds of Dongxiang wild rice, Xianggu, 9194 and Nipponbare were kept in a plant incubator with constant temperature and humidity for artificial aging treatment. The genetic integrity of germplasm resources with different germination gradients were analyzed using 44 SSR markers. The results suggested that different accessions could be ranked in order of aging resistance from highest to lowest as common wild rice > Xianggu > 9194 > Nipponbare. In order to maintain the genetic diversity of rice, the population size for reproduction and regeneration should be between 60 and 140. After aging, the number of polymorphic alleles, the number of specific single plant, the ratio of polymorphic bands, the number of alleles, the number of effective alleles, gene diversity index and Shannon index of different accessions all decreased with the decrease of germination rate. The germination rate of 60% was the critical value to maintain genetic integrity. Besides, the genetic integrity of eighteen SSR markers was rapidly lost or significantly increased. The regions of these markers were closely related to seed viability or genetic integrity. This study provides a theoretical basis for determining the population size for reproduction and regeneration and the critical value of germination rate of rice resources.
Dynamic routing for efficient waste collection in resource constrained societies
Authors: Priyadarshi Marut , Maratha Meet , Anish Mohammad , Kumar Vaibhav
Published: February 2023

Waste collection in developing nations faces multi-fold challenges, such as resource constraints and real-time changes in waste values, while finding the optimal routes. This paper attempts to address these challenges by modeling real-time waste values in smart bins and Collection Vehicles (CV). Further, waste value prioritized routes for coordinated CV, during various time intervals are modeled in a multi-agent environment for finding good routes. The CV, as agents, implement the formulated linear program to maximize the collected waste while minimizing the distance to the central depot. The city of Chandigarh, India, was divided into regions and the model was implemented to achieve significantly better performance in terms of waste collected in less distance and total bins covered when compared to the existing scenario. The stakeholders can use the outcomes to effectively plan the resources for better collection practices, which will have a positive impact on the environment.
Regorafenib is suitable for advanced colorectal cancer patients who have previously received trifluridine/tipiracil plus bevacizumab
Authors: Matsumoto Toshihiko , Ikoma Tatsuki , Yamamura Shogo , Miura Kou , Tsuduki Takao , Watanabe Takanori , Nagai Hiroki , Takatani Masahiro , Yasui Hisateru
Published: February 2023

Regorafenib is a standard salvage line therapy used for advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). Recently, trifluridine/tipiracil (TFTD) plus bevacizumab also showed promising efficacy as a salvage line therapy for advanced CRC. However, the efficacy and safety of regorafenib for patients with advanced CRC who have previously received TFTD plus bevacizumab is unclear. We retrospectively collected clinicopathologic data from patients with advanced CRC who received regorafenib after TFTD plus bevacizumab in multiple institutions between April 2017 and June 2020.Thirty-four advanced CRC patients who received regorafenib were analyzed. The median age was 66.5 (range 43–81 years), 11 patients were male, and all had an ECOG performance status(PS) of 0 or 1. Twenty-two patients had left-sided tumors, 18 patients had RAS mutants, and 1 patient had a BRAF V600E mutation. The response rate was 0%, and the disease control rate was 31%. The median progression-free survival was 70 days (95% CI: 56–91), and the overall survival was 233 days (95% CI: 188–324). Treatment was discontinued in 32 patients, and 28 (82%) discontinued treatment due to progressive disease. The major grade 3 and4 toxicities were proteinurea (29%), hypertension (26%), hand-foot syndrome(15%), and platelet decrease (6%). Regorafenib after TFTD plus bevacizumab showed efficacy similar to that of the previous study, and no new adverse events were observed.
Open-source curation of a pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma gene expression analysis platform (pdacR) supports a two-subtype model
Authors: Torre-Healy Luke A. , Kawalerski Ryan R. , Oh Ki , Chrastecka Lucie , Peng Xianlu L. , Aguirre Andrew J. , Rashid Naim U. , Yeh Jen Jen , Moffitt Richard A.
Published: February 2023

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive disease for which potent therapies have limited efficacy. Several studies have described the transcriptomic landscape of PDAC tumors to provide insight into potentially actionable gene expression signatures to improve patient outcomes. Despite centralization efforts from multiple organizations and increased transparency requirements from funding agencies and publishers, analysis of public PDAC data remains difficult. Bioinformatic pitfalls litter public transcriptomic data, such as subtle inclusion of low-purity and non-adenocarcinoma cases. These pitfalls can introduce non-specificity to gene signatures without appropriate data curation, which can negatively impact findings. To reduce barriers to analysis, we have created pdacR (http://pdacR.bmi.stonybrook.edu, github.com/rmoffitt/pdacR), an open-source software package and web-tool with annotated datasets from landmark studies and an interface for user-friendly analysis in clustering, differential expression, survival, and dimensionality reduction. Using this tool, we present a multi-dataset analysis of PDAC transcriptomics that confirms the basal-like/classical model over alternatives.
A sulfide-sensor and a sulfane sulfur-sensor collectively regulate sulfur-oxidation for feather degradation by Bacillus licheniformis
Authors: Tang Chao , Li Jingjing , Shen Yuemeng , Liu Menghui , Liu Honglei , Liu Huaiwei , Xun Luying , Xia Yongzhen
Published: February 2023

Bacillus licheniformis MW3 degrades bird feathers. Feather keratin is rich in cysteine, which is metabolized to produce hazardous sulfide and sulfane sulfur. A challenge to B. licheniformis MW3 growing on feathers is to detoxify them. Here we identified a gene cluster in B. licheniformis MW3 to deal with these toxicity. The cluster contains 11 genes: the first gene yrkD encodes a repressor, the 8th and 9th genes nreB and nreC encode a two-component regulatory system, and the 10th and 11th genes encode sulfide: quinone reductase (SQR) and persulfide oxygenase (PDO). SQR and PDO collectively oxidize sulfide and sulfane sulfur to sulfite. YrkD sensed sulfane sulfur to derepress the 11 genes. The NreBC system sensed sulfide and further amplified the transcription of sqr and pdo. The two regulatory systems synergistically controlled the expression of the gene cluster, which was required for the bacterium to grow on feather. The findings highlight the necessity of removing sulfide and sulfane sulfur during feather degradation and may help with bioremediation of feather waste and sulfide pollution.
Genome-scale model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa metabolism unveils virulence and drug potentiation
Authors: Dahal Sanjeev , Renz Alina , Dräger Andreas , Yang Laurence
Published: February 2023

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the leading causes of hospital-acquired infections. To decipher the metabolic mechanisms associated with virulence and antibiotic resistance, we have developed an updated genome-scale model (GEM) of P. aeruginosa. The model (iSD1509) is an extensively curated, three-compartment, and mass-and-charge balanced BiGG model containing 1509 genes, the largest gene content for any P. aeruginosa GEM to date. It is the most accurate with prediction accuracies as high as 92.4% (gene essentiality) and 93.5% (substrate utilization). In iSD1509, we newly added a recently discovered pathway for ubiquinone-9 biosynthesis which is required for anaerobic growth. We used a modified iSD1509 to demonstrate the role of virulence factor (phenazines) in the pathogen survival within biofilm/oxygen-limited condition. Further, the model can mechanistically explain the overproduction of a drug susceptibility biomarker in the P. aeruginosa mutants. Finally, we use iSD1509 to demonstrate the drug potentiation by metabolite supplementation, and elucidate the mechanisms behind the phenotype, which agree with experimental results.
Self-organization, quality control, and preclinical studies of human iPSC-derived retinal sheets for tissue-transplantation therapy
Authors: Watari Kenji , Yamasaki Suguru , Tu Hung-Ya , Shikamura Masayuki , Kamei Tatsuya , Adachi Hideki , Tochitani Tomoaki , Kita Yasuyuki , Nakamura Aya , Ueyama Kazuki , Ono Keiichi , Morinaga Chikako , Matsuyama Take , Sho Junki , Nakamura Miyuki , Fujiwara Masayo , Hori Yoriko , Tanabe Anna , Hirai Rina , Terai Orie , Ohno Osamu , Ohara Hidetaka , Hayama Tetsuya , Ikeda Atsushi , Nukaya Daiki , Matsushita Keizo , Takahashi Masayo , Kishino Akiyoshi , Kimura Toru , Kawamata Shin , Mandai Michiko , Kuwahara Atsushi
Published: February 2023

Three-dimensional retinal organoids (3D-retinas) are a promising graft source for transplantation therapy. We previously developed self-organizing culture for 3D-retina generation from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Here we present a quality control method and preclinical studies for tissue-sheet transplantation. Self-organizing hPSCs differentiated into both retinal and off-target tissues. Gene expression analyses identified the major off-target tissues as eye-related, cortex-like, and spinal cord-like tissues. For quality control, we developed a qPCR-based test in which each hPSC-derived neuroepithelium was dissected into two tissue-sheets: inner-central sheet for transplantation and outer-peripheral sheet for qPCR to ensure retinal tissue selection. During qPCR, tissue-sheets were stored for 3–4 days using a newly developed preservation method. In a rat tumorigenicity study, no transplant-related adverse events were observed. In retinal degeneration model rats, retinal transplants differentiated into mature photoreceptors and exhibited light responses in electrophysiology assays. These results demonstrate our rationale toward self-organizing retinal sheet transplantation therapy.
Time-varying SUVr reflects the dynamics of dopamine increases during methylphenidate challenges in humans
Authors: Tomasi Dardo , Manza Peter , Logan Jean , Shokri-Kojori Ehsan , Yonga Michele-Vera , Kroll Danielle , Feldman Dana , McPherson Katherine , Biesecker Catherine , Dennis Evan , Johnson Allison , Yuan Kai , Wang Wen-Tung , Butman John A. , Wang Gene-Jack , Volkow Nora D.
Published: February 2023

Dopamine facilitates cognition and is implicated in reward processing. Methylphenidate, a dopamine transporter blocker widely used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, can have rewarding and addictive effects if injected. Since methylphenidate’s brain uptake is much faster after intravenous than oral intake, we hypothesize that the speed of dopamine increases in the striatum in addition to its amplitude underly drug reward. To test this we use simulations and PET data of [11C]raclopride’s binding displacement with oral and intravenous methylphenidate challenges in 20 healthy controls. Simulations suggest that the time-varying difference in standardized uptake value ratios for [11C]raclopride between placebo and methylphenidate conditions is a proxy for the time-varying dopamine increases induced by methylphenidate. Here we show that the dopamine increase induced by intravenous methylphenidate (0.25 mg/kg) in the striatum is significantly faster than that by oral methylphenidate (60 mg), and its time-to-peak is strongly associated with the intensity of the self-report of “high”. We show for the first time that the “high” is associated with the fast dopamine increases induced by methylphenidate.
Particle entrainment and rotating convection in Enceladus’ ocean
Authors: Schoenfeld Ashley M. , Hawkins Emily K. , Soderlund Krista M. , Vance Steven D. , Leonard Erin , Yin An
Published: February 2023

Observations from Cassini have identified nanometer-sized silica grains in Saturn’s E-ring although their origin is unclear. Tidal deformation within Enceladus’ silicate core has been predicted to generate hot hydrothermal fluids that rise from the core-ocean boundary and traverse the subsurface ocean. This raises the possibility that the particles observed by Cassini could have been produced by hydrothermal alteration and ejected via the south polar plumes. Here, we use an analytical model to quantify potential for particle entrainment in Enceladus’ ocean. We use scaling relations to characterize ocean convection and define a parameter space that enables particle entrainment. We find that both the core-ocean heat fluxes and the transport timescale necessary to drive oceanic convection and entrain particles of the observed sizes are consistent with observations and predictions from existing thermal models. We conclude that hydrothermal alteration at Enceladus’ seafloor could indeed be the source of silica particles in Saturn’s E-ring.
Morphological and Molecular Evidence of Active Principle Glyphosate Toxicity on the Liver of the Field LizardPodarcis siculus
Authors: Verderame Mariailaria , Chianese Teresa , Scudiero Rosaria
Published: February 2023

The expansion of agriculture causes a constant increase in habitat fragmentation and degradation due to the increased use of pesticides and herbicides. Habitat loss and alteration associated with agricultural expansion play an important role in the decline of reptiles and, among them, lizards are particularly endangered. This chapter describes the toxic effects of pure glyphosate on the liver of the common field lizard Podarcis siculus. Glyphosate (GLY) is the most widely used active ingredient in agrochemical formulations worldwide to maximize crop yields. The onset of liver damage was evaluated after oral administration of GLY to simulate a realistic situation of herbicide exposure in the lizard habitat. The results demonstrate a severe liver condition, with fibrotic formations that become scarring with increased exposure. Hepatocytes enhance their defense mechanism by activating their antioxidant systems and increasing the expression of p53. The results also confirm the xenoestrogenic nature of GLY. Altogether, the effects of GLY must be considered biologically relevant and could endanger the viability and survival of lizard populations, also unbalancing the trophic cascade. A more controlled and less intensive use of the herbicide GLY in areas devoted to crop production would therefore be advisable.
Self-supervised learning for inter-laboratory variation minimization in surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy
Authors: Park Seongyong , Wahab Abdul , Kim Minseok , Khan Shujaat
Published: February 2023

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy is still considered poorly reproducible despite its numerous advantages. This article presents a self-supervised learning model coined as MVNet to improve reproducibility of SERS measurements.
Molecularly imprinted and cladded polymers for constructing a portable plasmonic immunoassay for peptides in biofluids
Authors: Guo Zhanchen , Zhang Qi , Xing Rongrong , Liu Zhen
Published: February 2023

An inexpensive, fast and portable plasmonic immuno-sandwich assay (PISA) based on two molecularly imprinted and cladded polymers (cMIPs) was developed for high-specificity and ultra-sensitive quantitation of C-peptide in urine.
Effects of high pressure on the lattice structure and electrical transport properties of BiOI
Authors: Zhang Xiaotong , Jiang Dawei , Han Yonghao , Gao Yang
Published: February 2023

The significant conductivity enhancement of semiconductor BiOI up to 19.2 GPa has provided an example of the directed regulation of the electrical properties of BiOX layered materials using controllable pressure.
Interfacial effects on lithium-ion diffusion in two-dimensional lateral black phosphorus–graphene heterostructures
Authors: Cheng Liyuan , Ge Mei , Chen Jiali , Zhang Junfeng
Published: February 2023

Li-ion diffusion depends on the atomic details of interface in two-dimensional lateral black phosphorus–graphene heterostructures.
Tetrahedrally coordinated rigid crystal structure enables partial self-reduction of mixed-valence europium for optical thermometric application
Authors: Meng Zhichao , Gao Yan , Song Ji'an , Jiang Zelong , Lv Wei , Zeng Qingguang , Wen Dawei , Hu Tao
Published: February 2023

The Eu3+ → Eu2+ self-reduction in the air in CaBPO5 built by rigidly connected BO4 and PO4 tetrahedrons was achieved. We also demonstrate that the CaBPO5:Eu2+/Eu3+ is a promising candidate for temperature sensing with excellent performances.
Ru(iv)–Ru(iv) complexes having the doubly oxido-bridged core with a bridging carbonato or hydrogencarbonato ligand
Authors: Misawa-Suzuki Tomoyo , Nagao Hirotaka
Published: February 2023

Ru(iv)–Ru(iv) complexes having CO32− or HCO3− on the {Ru2(μ-O)2} diamond core were isolated and structurally characterized. The electrochemical and spectroscopic behaviors with those of Ru(iii)–Ru(iv) species were compared and their reactivities were reported.
The spectroscopic study of metallic lines emitted from a pulsed atmospheric pressure gas discharge source with brass and stainless steel cathodes
Authors: Jovović Jovica
Published: February 2023

Numerous metallic lines are recorded from atmospheric pressure μs-pulsed NTC discharge in argon and an argon–hydrogen mixture to measure Te and Ne in the cathode region of plasma.
Ecofriendly aminochalcogenation of alkenes: a green alternative to obtain compounds with potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity
Authors: Gomes Luana S. , Neto José S. S. , di Leo Iris , Barbosa Cecília G. , Moraes Carolina B. , Freitas-Junior Lucio H. , Rizzuti Bruno , Santi Claudio , Nascimento Vanessa
Published: February 2023

We report a solvent- and metal-free methodology for the aminochalcogenation of alkenes, usingI2/DMSO as catalytic system, under microwave irradiation. Some of the obtained compounds showed potent antiviral activity against the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.
Azulene tethered N-aryl nucleobases: synthesis, morphology and biochemical evaluations
Authors: Meher Sagarika , Sharma Nagendra K.
Published: February 2023

Azulene nucleobases form supramolecular self-assembly structures, which are biocompatible. The cytosine derivate forms a complex with Ag(i) and exhibits antibiotic activity.
Target-mediated self-assembly of DNA networks for sensitive detection and intracellular imaging of APE1 in living cells
Authors: Zhou Xue-Mei , Zhuo Ying , Yuan Ruo , Chai Ya-Qin
Published: February 2023

We designed two functionalized tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (f-TDN1 and f-TDN2), which could assemble into giant DNA networks triggered by APE1, achieving sensitive detection and intracellular imaging of APE1 as well as gene therapy.
Active control of equilibrium, near-equilibrium, and far-from-equilibrium colloidal systems
Authors: McDonald Mark N. , Zhu Qinyu , Paxton Walter F. , Peterson Cameron K. , Tree Douglas R.
Published: February 2023

We summarize recent progress in the development of top-down control over bottom-up colloidal processes using a taxonomy based on how active control is used to guide equilibrium, near-equilibrium, and far-from-equilibrium assembly.
Biphasic nature of lipid bilayers assembled on silica nanoparticles and evidence for an interdigitated phase
Authors: Stengel Dillan , Thai Rich , Li Yuan , Peters Nikki M. , Holland Gregory P.
Published: February 2023

Lipid bilayers on mesoscale silica nanoparticles are biphasic with evidence for an interdigitated phase on the smallest support (4 nm).
Active and stable PtP2-based electrocatalysts solve the phosphate poisoning issue of high temperature fuel cells
Authors: Yu Jeong-Hoon , Singh Kiran Pal , Kim Se-Jun , Kang Tong-Hyun , Lee Kug-Seung , Kim Hyungjun , Ringe Stefan , Yu Jong-Sung
Published: February 2023

Herein, we have prepared platinum phosphide (PtP2)-based cathode electrocatalysts for HT-PEMFCs. The high activity and stability of the PtP2/C-based catalysts were attributed to the high oxyphilicity of the phosphorus atoms.
Energy, exergy, economic, and environmental (4E) analysis of a pumped thermal energy storage system for trigeneration in buildings
Authors: Lykas Panagiotis , Bellos Evangelos , Korres Dimitrios N. , Kitsopoulou Angeliki , Tzivanidis Christos
Published: February 2023

Pumped thermal energy storage is the solution for storing volatile electricity from renewables. This study investigates the direct convection of electricity into heating, cooling and high-temperature thermal energy for future use in a power cycle.
A siderophore-inspired two-dimensional Fe–hydroxamate metal–organic framework
Authors: Tang Wenlei , Shao Zhen-Wu , Xiong Li , Zhang Zhiyuan , Tan Kaiyuan , Feng Xuan , Wu Wenjing , Liu Chong
Published: February 2023

Inspired by siderophores, a new two-dimensional MOF with homoleptic Fe-tri(hydroxamate) nodes is reported, featuring chemical stability and electrochemical H2O2-sensing potentials.
Expedient tandem dehydrogenative alkylation and cyclization reactions under Mn(i)-catalysis
Authors: Babu Reshma , Padhy Subarna S. , Sivakumar Ganesan , Balaraman Ekambaram
Published: February 2023

Sustainable chemical production requires fundamentally new types of catalysts and catalytic technologies.
Two-photon absorption behavior of conjugated oligomers suitable for low colour temperature LEDs
Authors: Huang Tianhao , Jiang Chengzi , Xu Tianning , Ying Jinhui , Lu Ran , Zhou Huipeng
Published: February 2023

The emission of two-photon absorption triphenylamine and phenothiazine end-capped oligomers could present extremely low colour temperatures, which are even lower than 1700 K.
Supporting Children's Communication of Choices During Inpatient Rehabilitation: Effects of a Mobile Training for Health Care Providers
Authors: Gormley Jessica , McNaughton David , Light Janice
Published: February 2023

Purpose:

Children with complex medical and communication needs often experience extensive or frequent hospital stays and rely on augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) strategies to communicate in this environment. Health care providers seldom receive training to effectively communicate with these children, which may lead to limited participation opportunities for the child during inpatient interactions.

Method:

A pretest–posttest experimental group design was completed to evaluate the effects of a brief mobile training designed to teach providers a procedure to support children with complex communication needs to communicate choices. Each provider participated in two pretest and two posttest interactions with children with complex communication needs during naturally occurring inpatient activities. Providers in the treatment group completed the video training, whereas providers in the control group did not.

Results:

Following the training, (a) more providers offered choices to the children during hospital routines, (b) providers implemented the trained procedure with increased accuracy, and (c) the children with complex communication needs consistently communicated their choices when given the opportunity to do so. The providers rated the training as easy to use, effective, and suited to the needs of the inpatient setting.

Conclusions:

This is the first AAC training designed to promote child–provider interactions in inpatient settings that demonstrates results that are efficient, socially valid, and effective in a real-world context. Future work is needed to develop additional brief and focused AAC partner trainings to teach providers to support the participation of children with complex communication needs in health care interactions.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.22029008
Usage of Heat and Moisture Exchange Devices, Virtual Visits, Masking, and Vaccinations Among People With a Laryngectomy During COVID-19
Authors: Searl Jeff , Genoa Kathryn , Fritz Alyssa , Kearney Ann , Doyle Philip C.
Published: February 2023

Purpose:

This study described the COVID-19 risk mitigation actions of people with a total laryngectomy (TL) during the pandemic.

Method:

An online survey was completed by 215 people with a TL who lived in the United States. The survey was open from December 1, 2021, to January 15, 2022.

Results:

There was a significant increase in frequency of heat and moisture exchange (HME) device use during the pandemic compared with pre–COVID-19. Frequency of HME use was significantly greater for those who were vaccinated and those who had at least one clinical visit with their speech-language pathologist (SLP). The use of virtual visits increased from 9% pre–COVID-19 to 37% during the pandemic. Seventy percent of respondents were “satisfied” or “very satisfied” with virtual visits and 51% judged them “as good as in-person.” Eighty percent were vaccinated for COVID-19 and 75% received a booster. One third reported that they did not wear mask over the face or over the tracheostoma. Twenty percent had tested positive for COVID-19 with 70% of these people requiring hospitalization.

Conclusions:

HME use and virtual SLP visits increased during the pandemic and the vaccination rate was high among this group of respondents. Overall, there were still large percentages of people with a TL who were not using an HME, not vaccinated, and did not wear a mask. SLPs should consider reaching out directly to their TL caseload, particularly those not yet seen during the pandemic, to support uptake of COVID-19 mitigation activities specific to people with a TL as the pandemic persists.
Narrative Abilities at Age 3 Are Associated Positively With Gesture Accuracy but Negatively With Gesture Rate
Authors: Pronina Mariia , Grofulovic Jelena , Castillo Eva , Prieto Pilar , Igualada Alfonso
Published: February 2023

Purpose:

Though the frequency of gesture use by infants has been related to the development of different language abilities in the initial stages of language acquisition, less is known about whether this frequency (or “gesture rate”) continues to correlate with language measures in later stages of language acquisition, or whether the relation to language skills also depends on the accuracy with which such gestures are produced (or reproduced). This study sets out to explore whether preschoolers' narrative abilities are related to these two variables, namely, gesture rate and gesture accuracy.

Method:

A total of 31 typically developing 3- to 4-year-old children participated in a multimodal imitation task, a context-based gesture elicitation task, and a narrative retelling task.

Results:

Results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the children's narrative scores and their gesture accuracy scores, whereas higher rates of gesture use did not correlate with higher levels of narrative skill. Further multimodal regression analysis confirmed that gesture accuracy was a positive predictor of narrative performance, and moreover, showed that gesture rate was a negative predictor.

Conclusions:

The fact that both gesture accuracy and gesture rate are strongly and differently linked to oral language abilities supports the claim that language and gesture are highly complex systems, and that complementary measures of gesture performance can help us assess with greater granularity the relationship between gesture and language development. These findings highlight the need to use gesture during clinical assessments as an informative indicator of language development and suggest that future research should further investigate the value of multimodal programs in the treatment of language and communication disorders.
Concepts of Family Support in Stuttering: A Multicultural Perspective
Authors: Medina Angela Marie , Pareja Derek , Berlanga Estrella , Crawford Clarice , Tormo Alicia
Published: February 2023

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to identify how people who stutter (PWS) from racially/ethnically diverse backgrounds describe and perceive the types of stuttering support they received from their family members.

Method:

A qualitative research paradigm was adopted for data collection and analysis procedures. A group of 36 participants from racially/ethnically diverse backgrounds were asked to respond to an online survey about their perceptions of family support. Data were investigated using thematic analysis procedures.

Results:

The data gave rise to 12 major themes. Types of familial support that were perceived as positive included families being patient, offering support in general, listening empathetically, seeking outside resources, and providing varying degrees of attention to their family member's stuttering. Familial support that participants described as negative included families passing judgment, teasing, and punishing their family member who stutters. Participants also negatively perceived family members telling them to slow down, finishing their sentences, and not openly discussing their stuttering. Instances of participants experiencing no positive or no negative forms of stuttering support from their families were also reported.

Conclusions:

Two primary types of stuttering support captured in the findings of this study were conversation-based and reaction-based support, both of which represented family members' actions that were perceived as positive and negative by participants. Clinical implications include the need for culturally appropriate client–parent education and for the consideration of individuals' preferences for stuttering support.