bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analyzing Financial Risk Management Practices in Small and Medium Enterprises: A Focus on Risk Identification and Mitigation
Authors: Igbojioyibo Rapuluchukwu Peter
Published: November 2024

Exposure to financial risks has made many Small and Medium Scale Enterprise vulnerable to financial instability and operational disruptions. Failure to effectively manage the risks have always resulted in unexpected losses, cash flow problems, and reduced that threaten SME sustenance. Hence, this study examined techniques for identifying, assessing and mitigating financial risk management in Small and Medium Enterprises. Cross-sectional survey strategy was implemented on a sample size of 120 SMEs purposively selected from Nigeria. Four-point Likert-scale questionnaire was used in gathering the primary data used in the study. The research questions were analysed using descriptive tools whereas the hypotheses were tested using Kendall Tua correlation. The findings revealed that SMEs in Nigeria significantly deploy financial audits, SWOT and PESTLE analyses, KPIs, and risk mapping for identifying financial risks, and such usage significantly improves financial risk identification at 5% level. Risk assessment tools such as risk scoring, sensitivity analysis, stress testing, and scenario analysis are also extensively utilized, and such usage significantly improves financial risk assessment at 5% level. Additionally, mitigation strategies such as collaboration networks, diversification, stakeholder management, and internal control oversight are effectively employed to manage and reduce financial risks in SMEs at 5% significance level. In conclusion, the adoption of these financial risk management practices positions SMEs to better manage potential financial challenges and reduces their vulnerability to economic disruptions. The study recommends that SME owners and financial managers should mandate regular reviews and updates to keep financial risk identification tools aligned with shifting market dynamics and financial domain to ensure that their financial risk identification practices remain proactive and responsive to emerging risks.
A Review on Importance Nutritional Value and Uses of Water Chestnut (Trapa natans var. bispinosa Roxb.)
Authors: Sundar Shyam , Dwivedi Deepa H. , Verma Saurabh , Maurya Hareesh Kumar , Kumar Bipin
Published: November 2024

Water chestnut (Trapa natans var. bispinosa Roxb.), an aquatic perennial plant. This research aims to elucidate the health benefits of water chestnut, focusing on its nutritional composition, medicinal properties, and potential roles in promoting overall wellness. Water chestnuts are a rich source of essential nutrients, including vitamins B6, C, and E, as well as minerals such as potassium, phosphorus, and magnesium. Antioxidants play a critical role in reducing inflammation, which is linked to numerous health issues, including heart disease and arthritis. The anti-inflammatory properties of water chestnuts may help alleviate symptoms associated with these conditions, improving overall quality of life. The potassium content helps regulate blood pressure, while dietary fiber aids in cholesterol management. These factors contribute to a healthier cardiovascular system, potentially reducing the risk of heart disease and stroke. Water chestnuts are also renowned for their hydrating properties, as they contain a highwater content, making them an excellent choice for maintaining hydration, especially in hot climates or during physical activities.
Effect of Solid and Liquid Manures on Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Malwa Region of Punjab, India
Authors: Singh Ashwin , Verma Karan , Kumar Ashish , Singh Mahakdeep , Kumari Poonam , Singh Lovepreet
Published: November 2024

A field experiment was conducted entitled “Effect of Solid and Liquid Manures on growth and Yield of Maize” in Agronomy field at Guru Kashi University, Talwandi Sabo. The experiment was conducted in kharif 2023 in Randomized Block Design with three replications, under maize cropping system with eight nutrient management treatments. The data on number of plants revealed no significant difference between all other treatments and plant population observed similar at 30 and 60 DAS and reduced at 90 DAS. Similar to grain yield, the highest stover yield was observed in 75 percent recommended dose of Nitrogen VC Jeevamrit + 25 percent Panchgavya and 100 percent Recommended dose of Nitrogen Panchgavya with the value of 96.4 q/ha and 95.4q/ha, respectively. Solid and liquid manure treatment i.e., 100 percent Recommended dose of Nitrogen Panchgavya resulted in significantly higher dry matter accumulation by maize crop at all the observation stages. The diameter of cob directly affected grain yield and harvest yield. The highest numerical value of 100-grain weight (30.5 g) was recorded with the application of 100 percent Recommended dose of Nitrogen Panchgavya along with 75 percent Recommended dose of Nitrogen VC Jeevamrit + 25 percent Panchgavya. It is dependent mainly on genetic factors and is influenced little by the growing conditions.
NO JOGO DA GINGA, JANJA GINGA: CAPOEIRISTA ENEGRECENDO O PPGNEIM
Authors: Silva do Nascimento Sandy Swamy , Soares Jane
Published: November 2024

O presente artigo visa compreender a trajetória de ginga na capoeira da professora Doutora Janja Araujo, e como ela contribuiu para enegrecer o Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos Interdisciplinares sobre Mulheres, Gênero e Feminismo (PPGNEIM) da Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), programa idealizado pelo NEIM, a partir das práxis e do pensamento do feminista negro. Hoje, a supracitada professora figura como uma das cinco docentes negras no quadro do programa. Para alcançar os objetivos, utilizou-se a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental para localizar e analisar os escritos da Mestra Janja, suas ações e atuações, interseccionando com os movimentos, reivindicações nacionais e estaduais relacionados às questões raciais e de gênero. Conclui-se que mestra Janja mobiliza estruturas pautadas na Capoeira de Angola, no Feminismo Angoleiro e nos movimentos negros, em que consegue ter uma relação horizontal com os seus pares e incitar debates sobre raça e gênero nos espaços em que ocupa diante das suas memórias, ancestralidade e sabedoria.
A IMPRENSA FEMINISTA BRASILEIRA E A REPRESENTAÇÃO DO ESPORTE FEMININO NO JORNAL MULHERIO (1981-1989)
Authors: Alfaro de Araújo Érika , Bortoleto Firmino Carolina , De Souza Ventura Mauro
Published: November 2024

O propósito deste estudo é entender e discutir o espaço do esporte como pauta nos primeiros títulos da imprensa feminista brasileira, promovendo articulações com o movimento feminista nacional e destacando os jornais pioneiros desse segmento, bem como contextualizando a relação das mulheres com o esporte no país. Para isso, o jornal Mulherio, lançado em 1981, foi selecionado como objeto. Por meio dos procedimentos metodológicos da Análise de Conteúdo, categorizamos e interpretamos todas as publicações sobre esporte presentes no veículo impresso. Assim, foi possível observar que o fato de o jornal ser publicado em um período mais próximo do processo de redemocratização possibilitou a presença da temática em suas publicações, que, entre outros aspectos, apresentaram posicionamento favorável à participação feminina em diversos espaços do campo esportivo.
DIREITOS REPRODUTIVOS DAS MULHERES E OS PROJETOS DE LEIS QUE VISAM INVIABILIZAR AS HIPÓTESES LEGAIS DE ABORTO NO BRASIL
Authors: Brito Marcelo , Mariano Pereira Silva Joanna
Published: November 2024

O trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a relação dos direitos reprodutivos das mulheres com os projetos de leis que restringem as hipóteses legais de aborto. Verifica-se no Congresso Nacional, várias propostas legislativas cujo principal propósito é restringir o aborto legal, de forma a inviabilizar a interrupção da gravidez em qualquer situação. O artigo contempla a análise de projetos apresentados no período de 2015 a 2021, buscando entender o seu conteúdo e a sua justificativa. Para mais, são discutidas questões referentes aos direitos humanos e direitos reprodutivos das mulheres, sob a perspectiva dos Direitos Humanos e dos estudos feministas. Por meio da pesquisa documental e bibliográfica, constatou-se que os referidos textos editados pelos legisladores representam uma ofensa aos direitos humanos da mulher, sobretudo, para os direitos reprodutivos.
INVISIBILIDADE FEMININA NA MÚSICA ERUDITA JOSEPHINE AMANN-WEINLICH E A NOVA ORQUESTRA DE SENHORAS VIENENSE
Authors: Sousa Catarina , De Oliveira João Manuel
Published: November 2024

A participação feminina na música erudita tornou-se especialmente significativa no século XIX, em consequência de várias mudanças socioculturais que o caracterizaram. Apesar de frequentemente esquecida, Josephine Amann-Weinlich foi uma das maestras que mais se destacou nesta época, tendo sido pioneira na criação de uma orquestra exclusivamente feminina, intitulada Neues Wiener Damen-Orchester. O presente artigo explora o percurso profissional de Amann-Weinlich e das suas instrumentistas, reunindo informação sobre os seus sucessos, os problemas de género que enfrentaram e a influência que tiveram sobre outras mulheres, e termina com uma análise interseccional das nuances socioculturas subjacentes aos seus contextos.
ABORTAMENTO LEGAL APÓS ESTUPRO: RELATOS DE SOFRIMENTOS E DE ENFRENTAMENTO
Authors: Malavolta Pizzo Giovanna , De Tilio Rafael
Published: November 2024

Quando decorre gravidez da violência sexual (estupro) as mulheres podem decidir seguir com a gestação ou interrompê-la. O objetivo dessa investigação foi compreender como mulheres produzem sentidos sobre suas histórias, seus corpos e sexualidades após a realização de uma interrupção legal da gestação decorrente de estupro. Foram realizadas entrevistas com seis mulheres que utilizaram os serviços de interrupção legal da gestação em uma cidade de Minas Gerais, cujos conteúdos foram organizados através da análise temática reflexiva em três categorias. Para análise dos dados, partimos dos pressupostos das epistemologias feministas. Através dos relatos dessas mulheres fomos capazes de perceber que existe uma grande dificuldade no caminho dessas mulheres até os serviços de saúde, assim como um escancarado sofrimento perante as realidades das inúmeras violências sofridas
“O QUE VOCÊ FEZ COM O DINHEIRO QUE EU TE DEI?”: MICROMACHISMOS NOS RELACIONAMENTOS ROMÂNTICOS NO CINEMA LATINO-AMERICANO
Authors: Pérez Angarita Daniela Marisol , Moura da Silva Odacyr Roberth , Garcia Agnaldo
Published: November 2024

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a representação das diferentes manifestações de micromachismos nas relações entre casais heterossexuais no cinema latino-americano contemporâneo, para o qual foram selecionados (8) filmes. O conteúdo dos filmes foi submetido à Análise Temática de Braun e Clarke. As contribuições de Bonino (1996) sobre os micromachismos foram levadas em consideração. Foram encontrados diferentes tipos de micromachismos dentre os quais destacam-se os utilitários, relacionados ao desempenho das atividades domésticas no lar pelas mulheres, seguidos pelos coercitivos, encobertos e de crise. Reafirma-se a importância de desvendar as mensagens que aparecem no cinema, pois em sua maioria reforçam a visão sobre as mulheres em posição de desvantagem em relação aos seus parceiros românticos e, por sua vez, a perpetuação dos estereótipos masculinos e femininos nos relacionamentos românticos.
Sequential Analysis – Further Developments Updated with a Focus on Biomedical, Economic, and Engineering Applications
Authors: Lai Tze L.
Published: February 2019

This article gives an overview of sequential analysis and its applications to data and safety monitoring of clinical trials, determination of median effective dose and maximum tolerated dose, fixed‐width confidence intervals, and adaptive design of biomedical studies.
Support Vector Machines
Authors: Muñoz Alberto , Moguerza Javier M. , Martos Gabriel
Published: February 2019

We describe the central ideas of Support Vector learning. This includes the notion of learning from data via risk minimization and the notion of kernels as an efficient means of encoding prior information. We give an overview over the optimization problems arising from SV classification, regression, quantile estimation and combination of information. Moreover, we discuss some extensions such as kernel Principal Component Analysis, Independent Component Analysis and Manifold Learning.
Multiple Prioritized Outcomes
Authors: Buyse Marc
Published: February 2019

Generalized pairwise comparisons (GPCs) can be used to compare two groups of observations when several outcomes are simultaneously of interest and/or when thresholds of clinical relevance are specified for some of these outcomes. One approach to the analysis is to prioritize the outcomes from the most important to the least important. The order of priorities can be patient dependent, and as such this approach paves the way to personalized medicine. GPCs lead to a general measure of the difference between the groups, the “net benefit,” which is the probability that a patient randomly selected from the treatment group has a better outcome than a patient randomly selected from the control group, minus the probability of the opposite situation.
TheWeibull Regression Model
Authors: Cordeiro Gauss M. , Ortega Edwin M. M.
Published: February 2019

We provide a comprehensive review about the Weibull regression model. The topics considered include the Weibull regression model, log‐Weibull regression model, and diagnostics and residual analysis. Some recent extensions of the Weibull regression model with censored data are addressed telegraphically. It is hoped that this article could serve as an important reference and encourage developments for further generalizations of the Weibull regression model.
Bayesian Methods in Sport Statistics
Authors: Santos‐Fernandez Edgar , Mengersen Kerrie L. , Wu Paul
Published: February 2019

Bayesian techniques are being quickly adopted in sports settings. The volume and variety of data produced in sports activities over the past years and the availability of software packages for Bayesian computation have contributed positively to this growth. This article provides a brief review of the latest advances in Bayesian statistics in sports, covering methods and applications. In the literature surveyed, we found a similar number of publications between 2013 and 2017 and those published in the three previous decades, which is an indication of the rapid adoption rate of Bayesian methods in sports.
Good,IrvingJohn
Authors: Xu Yi , Banks David
Published: February 2019

Irving John (Jack) Good was born Isidore Jacob Gudak in London on 9 December 1916, and died in Roanoke, Virginia, on 5 April 2009. He was a pioneer in Bayesian statistics, and contributed significantly to mathematics, computer science, and philosophy. During World War II, he was one of the leading cryptanalysts at Bletchley Park. After the war, he taught at the University of Manchester before joining the Government Communications Headquarters. In 1962, he moved to the United States, and in 1967 became a University Distinguished Professor of Statistics at Virginia Tech in Blacksburg, VA. Much of this article is based on an extended interview with I. J. Good that was conducted by David Banks in 1995.
Godambe,VidyadharPrabhakar
Authors: Thompson Mary E.
Published: February 2019

Vidyadhar P. Godambe is recognized as a pioneer in the foundations of inference in survey sampling. He is also known for formulating and developing a theory of optimality for estimating functions and estimating equations, with applications to inference for stochastic processes and other data structures. His research contributions, and the fervor with which he pursued the answers to fundamental questions, attracted many other researchers and students to work in the foundations of inference.
Ubiquitin/Proteasome System in Plant Pathogen Responses
Authors: Sorel Maud , Mooney Brian , de Marchi Rémi , Graciet Emmanuelle
Published: February 2019

In eukaryotes, the ubiquitin/proteasome system plays crucial roles in the regulation of protein stability. These functions are largely mediated through the covalent attachment of ubiquitin to substrate proteins and their targeting to the 26S proteasome, a large multi‐subunit protease. In the last three decades, the ubiquitin system has been shown to regulate essentially all processes in eukaryotes. In plants, it appears to play particularly important roles, perhaps as a result of the plants' sessile lifestyle and their need to adapt to rapidly changing environmental conditions. In particular, the ubiquitin system is key to the regulation of plant responses to pathogens, not only during interaction with a pathogen but also in the absence of infection to prevent the constitutive activation of defence responses that would have detrimental effects. In this article, we discuss the roles of the ubiquitin system in the regulation of different cellular pathways involved in plant defence responses, including the regulation of transmembrane and intracellular receptors, and the control of the signalling pathways that are activated downstream of pathogen detection. We also review how pathogens hijack the ubiquitin system to increase their virulence. Finally, we briefly discuss the emerging roles of autophagy in the regulation of plant/pathogen interactions.
MAP adds peer recovery as insurance benefit
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: February 2019

MAP Health Management is getting health care plans to cover peer recovery as a health care benefit, but it hasn't been easy. “You're talking to a guy who's been thrown out of more health insurance plan offices than anyone you've ever met,” said Jacob Levenson, founder and chief executive officer of MAP, in an interview with ADAW last month. The early response from insurance companies was “You want us to pay addicts to talk to addicts?” recalled Levenson.
Another note on CBD: Conversion to THC?
Authors: Clark H. Westley
Published: February 2019

It should be noted that in 2001 a patent application was filed with the U.S. Patent Office by G. R. Barrie Webster of Manitoba and published on July 22, 2004, regarding the conversion of cannabidiol (CBD) to tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). That application cited earlier work by Gaoni and Mechoulam that converted CBD to THC. Thus, while it can be done to produce yields up to 70 percent THC, one would need access to key chemicals, certain acids, organic solvents, nitrogen, methylene chloride and other substances. Again, if the object is to get “high,” converting CBD to THC would generally not be done, because it is costly, labor‐intensive and unnecessary given the availability of cannabis‐THC.
Mechanically Activated Microcapsules for “On‐Demand” Drug Delivery in Dynamically Loaded Musculoskeletal Tissues
Authors: Mohanraj Bhavana , Duan Gang , Peredo Ana , Kim Miju , Tu Fuquan , Lee Daeyeon , Dodge George R. , Mauck Robert L.
Published: February 2019

Delivery of biofactors in a precise and controlled fashion remains a clinical challenge. Stimuli‐responsive delivery systems can facilitate “on‐demand” release of therapeutics in response to a variety of physiologic triggering mechanisms (e.g., pH, temperature). However, few systems to date have taken advantage of mechanical inputs from the microenvironment to initiate drug release. Here, mechanically activated microcapsules (MAMCs) are designed to deliver therapeutics in response to the mechanically loaded environment of regenerating musculoskeletal tissues, with the ultimate goal of furthering tissue repair. To establish a suite of microcapsules with different thresholds for mechanoactivation, MAMC physical dimensions and composition are first manipulated, and their mechano‐response under both direct 2D compression and in 3D matrices mimicking the extracellular matrix properties and dynamic loading environment of regenerating tissue, is evaluated. To demonstrate the feasibility of this delivery system, an engineered cartilage model is used to test the efficacy of mechanically instigated release of transforming growth factor‐β3 on the chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells. These data establish a novel platform by which to tune the release of therapeutics and/or regenerative factors based on the physiologic mechanical loading environment and will find widespread application in the repair and regeneration of musculoskeletal tissues.
Tumor‐Specific Aptamer‐Conjugated Polymeric Photosensitizer for Effective Endo‐Laparoscopic Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Kim Jiyoung , Park Wooram , Kim Dahye , Lee Eun Seong , Lee Don Haeng , Jeong Seok , Park Jae Myung , Na Kun
Published: February 2019

Recent advances in medical technology and endo‐laparoscopic devices have enabled the treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers to be minimally invasive through endo‐laparoscopic photodynamic therapy (PDT). To achieve an efficient regional or endo‐laparoscopic PDT, it is necessary to develop a highly target specific photosensitizer (PS) that can be easily treated to the lesion site with endo‐laparoscopic device. Here, an ideal polymeric PS is demonstrated for effective endo‐laparoscopic PDT. In the synthetic process, conventional PS (i.e., Chlorin e6, Ce6) is conjugated with an Aptamer (i.e., AS1411) targeting nucleolin (also called C23) overexpressed on the cancer cell membrane using a water‐soluble polymeric linker (i.e., polyethylene glycol, PEG). The synthesized Aptamer‐PEG‐Ce6 could target nucleolin‐overexpressing tumor cells efficiently and visualize the tumor tissues through optical and fluorescent imaging both in vitro and ex vivo, and effectively kills cancer cells under laser irradiation. Tumor staining with Aptamer‐PEG‐Ce6 is easily accomplished through endoscopic equipment within a few minutes. Furthermore, after laser irradiation, Aptamer‐PEG‐Ce6 is found to penetrate deeply into the tumor tissue and induce apoptosis of tumor cells. Taken together, the tumor‐specific Aptamer‐conjugated polymeric PS developed in this study has great potential as an ideal photomedicine for effective tumor treatment using endo‐laparoscopic PDT.
Solution‐Processed Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent OLED with High EQE as 31% Using High Triplet Energy Crosslinkable Hole Transport Materials
Authors: Tsai Kuen‐Wei , Hung Miao‐Ken , Mao Yi‐Hen , Chen Show‐An
Published: February 2019

Solution‐processed organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) with thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) material as emitter have attracted much attention because of their low cost and high performance. However, exciton quench at the interface between the hole injection layer, poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), and emitting layer (EML) in devices can lead to low device performance. Here, a novel high triplet energy (2.89 eV) and crosslinkable hole‐transporting material grafted with oxetane groups, N,N‐bis(4‐(6‐((3‐ethyloxetan‐3‐yl)methoxy)hexyloxy)phenyl)‐3,5‐di(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)benzenamine (Oxe‐DCDPA)), as crosslinked hole transport layer (HTL) into the interface of PEDOT:PSS layer and EML is proposed for prevention of exciton quenching, and among the reported devices with single HTL in solution‐processed TADF‐OLED, the highest external quantum efficiency (EQE)/luminous efficiency (ηL) of 26.1%/94.8 cd A−1 and 24.0%/74.0 cd A−1 are achieved for green emission (DACT‐II as emitter) and bluish‐green emission (DMAC‐TRZ as emitter), respectively. Further improvement, using double HTLs, composed of N,N′‐bis(4‐(6‐((3‐ethyloxetan‐3‐yl)methoxy))‐hexylphenyl)‐N,N′‐diphenyl‐4,4′‐diamine with high hole mobility and Oxe‐DCDPA with high triplet energy, leads to the highest EQE/ηL of 30.8%/111.9 cd A−1 and 27.2%/83.8 cd A−1 for green emission and bluish‐green emission, respectively. These two devices show the high maximum brightness of 81 100 and 70 000 cd m−2, respectively.
Bioinspired Adhesive Architectures: From Skin Patch to Integrated Bioelectronics
Authors: Baik Sangyul , Lee Heon Joon , Kim Da Wan , Kim Ji Won , Lee Youngkwan , Pang Changhyun
Published: February 2019

The attachment phenomena of various hierarchical architectures found in nature have extensively drawn attention for developing highly biocompatible adhesive on skin or wet inner organs without any chemical glue. Structural adhesive systems have become important to address the issues of human–machine interactions by smart outer/inner organ‐attachable devices for diagnosis and therapy. Here, advances in designs of biologically inspired adhesive architectures are reviewed in terms of distinct structural properties, attachment mechanisms to biosurfaces by physical interactions, and noteworthy fabrication methods. Recent demonstrations of bioinspired adhesive architectures as adhesive layers for medical applications from skin patches to multifunctional bioelectronics are presented. To conclude, current challenges and prospects on potential applications are also briefly discussed.
Nanoengineered Immune Niches for Reprogramming the Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment and Enhancing Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Phuengkham Hathaichanok , Ren Long , Shin Il Woo , Lim Yong Taik
Published: February 2019

Cancer immunotherapies that harness the body's immune system to combat tumors have received extensive attention and become mainstream strategies for treating cancer. Despite promising results, some problems remain, such as the limited patient response rate and the emergence of severe immune‐related adverse effects. For most patients, the therapeutic efficacy of cancer immunotherapy is mainly limited by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). To overcome such obstacles in the TME, the immunomodulation of immunosuppressive factors and therapeutic immune cells (e.g., T cells and antigen‐presenting cells) should be carefully designed and evaluated. Nanoengineered synthetic immune niches have emerged as highly customizable platforms with a potent capability for reprogramming the immunosuppressive TME. Here, recent developments in nano‐biomaterials that are rationally designed to modulate the immunosuppressive TME in a spatiotemporal manner for enhanced cancer immunotherapy which are rationally designed to modulate the immunosuppressive TME in a spatiotemporal manner for enhanced cancer immunotherapy are highlighted.
Plasmon‐Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting for Efficient Renewable Energy Storage
Authors: Mascaretti Luca , Dutta Aveek , Kment Štěpán , Shalaev Vladimir M. , Boltasseva Alexandra , Zbořil Radek , Naldoni Alberto
Published: February 2019

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a promising approach for producing hydrogen without greenhouse gas emissions. Despite decades of unceasing efforts, the efficiency of PEC devices based on earth‐abundant semiconductors is still limited by their low light absorption, low charge mobility, high charge‐carrier recombination, and reduced diffusion length. Plasmonics has recently emerged as an effective approach for overcoming these limitations, although a full understanding of the involved physical mechanisms remains elusive. Here, the reported plasmonic effects are outlined, such as resonant energy transfer, scattering, hot electron injection, guided modes, and photonic effects, as well as the less investigated catalytic and thermal effects used in PEC water splitting. In each section, the fundamentals are reviewed and the most representative examples are discussed, illustrating possible future developments for achieving improved efficiency of plasmonic photoelectrodes.
Lead Halide Post‐Perovskite‐Type Chains for High‐Efficiency White‐Light Emission
Authors: Gautier Romain , Massuyeau Florian , Galnon Gabin , Paris Michael
Published: February 2019

Hybrid metal halides containing perovskite layers have recently shown great potential for applications in solar cells and light‐emitting diodes. Such compounds exhibit quantum confinement effects leading to tunable optical and electronic properties. Thus, broadband white‐light emission has been observed from diverse metal halides and, owing to high color rendering index, high thermal stability, and low‐temperature solution processability, these materials have attracted interest for application in solid‐state lighting. However, the reported quantum yields for white photoluminescence (PLQY) remain low (i.e., in the range 0.5–9%) and no approach has shown to successfully increase the intensity of this emission. Here, it is demonstrated that the quantum efficiencies of hybrid metal halides can be greatly enhanced if they contain a polymorph of the [PbX4]2− perovskite‐type layers: the [PbX4]2− post‐perovskite‐type chains showing a PLQY of 45%. Different piperazines lead to a hybrid lead halide with either perovskite layers or post‐perovskite chains influencing strongly the presence of self‐trapped states for excitons. It is anticipated that this family of hybrid lead halide materials could enhance all the properties requiring the stabilization of trapped excitons.
Multiresponsive Wettability Switching on Polymer Surface: Effect of Surface Chemistry and/or Morphology Tuning
Authors: Guselnikova Olga , Postnikov Pavel , Elashnikov Roman , Svorcik Vaclav , Lyutakov Oleksiy
Published: February 2019

The design of responsive surfaces with reversible and fast wettability switching by external control represents one of the most urgent challenges in the surface and interfaces sciences. Especially surfaces responding to more than one stimulus are expected to find even broader range of applications. In this paper, a multiresponsive polymer surface is proposed and investigated that is able to respond to the pH, temperature, and electric field. The surface triggering is subdivided into chemically‐based (pH and temperature) and morphologically‐based (application of electric field). The various combinations of three external triggering are applied separately, conjunctively, or adversarily for detailed investigation of their joint action effect. It is found that the most significant changes in wettability switching are achieved by the simultaneous combination of the reversible chemistry and morphology switching. Oppositely, the utilization of the wettability switching through the combination of chemical stimuli produces negative interference of surface response, with the suppression of stimuli efficiency.
Nonaromatic Amine Containing Exciplex for Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Electroluminescence
Authors: Cai Xinyi , Qiu Weidong , Li Mengke , Li Binbin , Wang Zhiheng , Wu Xiao , Chen Dongcheng , Jiang Xiaofang , Cao Yong , Su Shi‐Jian
Published: February 2019

A novel nonaromatic amine containing hole‐transporting material, 3,3′‐(2‐methyl‐1,3‐phenylene)diphenoxathiine (mPXTMP), is developed and coevaporated with electron‐transporting materials to form comixed films. Pure‐blue, sky‐blue, and green thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) exciplex emissions are observed. Though the mPXTMP:2,4,6‐tri([1,1′‐biphenyl]‐3‐yl)‐1,3,5‐triazine (T2T) bimolecular system exhibits a large singlet–triplet splitting energy (ΔEST) of 0.44 eV, its locally triplet excited states play vital roles in the cascade up‐conversion process, leading to an abnormal synergistic enhancement of TADF and phosphorescence from high‐lying triplet states at a low temperature, which violates Kasha's rule. Another bimolecular system, mPXTMP:PO‐T2T, achieves a fast up‐conversion rate of 106 s−1 benefiting from a small ΔEST of 0.10 eV and the enhanced spin–orbital coupling induced by the sulfur element rich environment. The corresponding organic light‐emitting diodes realize an exciton utilization ratio of 61.7–92.6%, verifying that these nonaromatic amine containing exciplex systems can be promising candidates toward purely organic electroluminescence with 100% internal quantum efficiency.
Spectrally Tunable Solid State Fluorescence and Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence of Carbon Dots Synthesized via Seeded Growth Method
Authors: Zhu Jinyang , Bai Xue , Chen Xu , Shao He , Zhai Yue , Pan Gencai , Zhang Hanzhuang , Ushakova Elena V. , Zhang Yu , Song Hongwei , Rogach Andrey L.
Published: February 2019

A seeded growth method to produce colloidal carbon dots (CDs) through controlling the number of seeds and reaction time, which is demonstrated to be an effective way to tune their optical properties, is developed. Color‐tunable fluorescence of CDs with blue, green, yellow, and orange emissions under UV excitation is achieved by increasing the size of the seed CDs, with the color depending on the size of the π‐conjugated domains. Strong multicolor photoluminescence of powdered samples enables realization of efficient down‐conversion white‐light‐emitting devices with correlated color temperature ranging from 9579 to 2752 K and luminous efficacy from 19 to 51 lm W−1. Moreover, color‐tunable room‐temperature phosphorescence of CD powders is demonstrated in the broad spectral range of 500–600 nm. It is related to the presence of the nitrogen‐containing groups at the surface of CDs, which form interparticle hydrogen bonds to protect the CD triplet states from quenching, and to the existence of the polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer chains at the surface of CDs. The color‐tunable room‐temperature phosphorescence from CDs demonstrated in this work exhibits potential for data encryption.
Highly Luminescent Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals Stabilized in Glasses for Light‐Emitting Applications
Authors: Ye Ying , Zhang Wenchao , Zhao Zhiyong , Wang Jing , Liu Chao , Deng Zhao , Zhao Xiujian , Han Jianjun
Published: February 2019

Cesium lead halide (CsPbX3) nanocrystals have great potential for photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications, but they are sensitive to oxygen, moisture, and light irradiation. Embedding these CsPbX3 nanocrystals into all‐inorganic amorphous solid matrices such as glass is expected to improve their stability. In this work, CsPbX3 nanocrystals are precipitated in boro‐germanate glasses with tunable composition, absorption, and photoluminescence. Quantum efficiency of CsPbBr3 nanocrystals in glass can be as high as ≈80% and ≈20% for CsPb(Cl/Br)3 and CsPb(Br/I)3 nanocrystals, respectively. Thermo‐ and photostabilities of CsPbX3 nanocrystals in glass are greatly improved due to the inert nature of glasses, and intense laser irradiation‐induced damage to CsPbX3 nanocrystals is recoverable through thermal annealing. With CsPbBr3 nanocrystal‐embedded glass slices, a green light‐emitting device with a luminous efficiency of ≈120 lm W−1 and an external quantum yield of ≈30% is achieved. A white‐light‐emitting device consisting of CsPbBr3 nanocrystals and CsPb(Br/I)3 nanocrystal–embedded glass slices shows luminous efficiency in the range of 50–60 lm W−1 and external quantum yield of 20–25%. The thermo‐ and photostabilities along with the chemical stability of CsPbX3 nanocrystal–embedded glasses are promising materials for photoluminescence related applications.
Reducing the Chromaticity Shifts of Light‐Emitting Diodes Using Gradient‐Alloyed CdxZn1−xSeyS1−y@ZnS Core Shell Quantum Dots with Enhanced High‐Temperature Photoluminescence
Authors: Tang Jialun , Li Fei , Yang Gaoling , Ge Yong , Li Zhaohan , Xia Zhiguo , Shen Huaibin , Zhong Haizheng
Published: February 2019

Gradient‐alloyed CdxZn1−xSeyS1−y@ZnS core shell quantum dots are the most popular materials used in light‐emitting diodes for liquid crystal display backlights. High‐temperature photoluminescence is an essential property in determining the chromaticity shifts of on‐chip type devices. In this work, the photoluminescence quenching effect of CdxZn1−xSeyS1−y@ZnS quantum dots is investigated by measuring the steady and time‐resolved PL spectra at elevated temperatures. The thermal quenching of CdxZn1−xSeyS1−y@ZnS quantum dots can be explained by a thermally activated physical process, including electron resonance tunneling into pre‐existing surface trap states, injection over the barrier energy back to the core, and recombination with the confined holes. By combing the theoretical analysis and experimental results, the influence of core composition and shell thickness of CdxZn1−xSeyS1−y@ZnS QDs on the quenching effect is illustrated. It is found that the integrated photoluminescence intensity of ZnSe‐rich quantum dots with 20 monolayers ZnS shell at 500 K can reserve 85.1%, relative to the value at 300 K. Quantum dots with enhanced photoluminescence emission at high temperature enable the fabrication of light‐emitting diodes with reduced chromaticity shifts.
Bluish‐Green Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Material for Blue‐Hazard Free Hybrid White Organic Light‐Emitting Device with High Color Quality and Low Efficiency Roll‐Off
Authors: Wang Hui , Zang Chunxiu , Shan Guogang , Yu Ziwei , Liu Shihao , Zhang Letian , Xie Wenfa , Zhao Hongyu
Published: February 2019

High color quality and the removal of blue hazard are important for lighting applications. Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials can achieve ≈100% internal quantum efficiency with low cost. However, it is still challenging to achieve high‐color‐quality and blue‐hazard‐free TADF‐based white organic light‐emitting devices (WOLEDs). Here, a bluish‐green TADF material named 10,10′‐[5‐(6‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4‐yl‐2‐phenyl‐4‐pyrimidinyl)‐1,3‐phenylene] bis [9,10‐dihydro‐9,9‐dimethyl‐acridine (DMAC‐BPP) containing two acridines connecting by a phenyl and a pyrimidine is designed and synthesized. Efficient bluish‐green OLED is achieved with DMAC‐BPP emitter. Besides, the yellow and red phosphorescent OLED utilizing DMAC‐BPP as host also shows excellent performance. Thus, a blue‐hazard‐free hybrid WOLED using DMAC‐BPP as host and emitter with maximum external quantum efficiency of 15.6% is achieved. Furthermore, this WOLED shows low efficiency roll‐off and high color quality.
Exciton Diffusion Lengths and Dissociation Rates in CsPbBr3 Nanocrystal–Fullerene Composites: Layer‐by‐Layer versus Blend Structures
Authors: Yao En‐Ping , Bohn Bernhard J. , Tong Yu , Huang He , Polavarapu Lakshminarayana , Feldmann Jochen
Published: February 2019

Solution‐processable perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) are gaining increasing interest in the field of photovoltaics because of their enhanced stability compared to their thin‐film counterparts. However, the charge transfer dynamics in perovskite NC based light‐harvesting systems are not well understood. By applying femtosecond differential transmission (DT) spectroscopy the photoinduced charge transfer from inorganic perovskite CsPbBr3 NCs to the fullerene derivative phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) is investigated for two fundamentally different architectures, namely layer‐by‐layer heterostructures and blend structures. By varying the thickness of the NC layer on top of the PCBM in the layer‐by‐layer heterostructure, an exciton diffusion length of 290 ± 28 nm for CsPbBr3 NC is extracted. The diffusion process is followed by an ultrafast exciton dissociation (within 200 fs) at the CsPbBr3 NC/PCBM interface. In blend structures an overall faster charge transfer process is observed. Furthermore, photoconductivity measurements on a blend structure‐based photodetector reveal an effective charge extraction from the active layer resulting in a high photosensitivity. DT measurements on this blend structure including adjacent electron‐ or hole‐transport layers give insight into the extraction process and suggest a certain degree of phase segregation, which assists the charge collection.
Chiral Anion‐Induced Catalytic Asymmetric Direct Dehydrative Coupling of 3‐Vinylindoles and 3‐Indolylmethanols
Authors: Li Xiao‐Yun , Hu Wei‐Ting , Xiong Qiu‐Ju , Ye Si‐Min , Huang Yan‐Min , Guo Qi‐Xiang
Published: February 2019

The catalytic direct dehydrative coupling of an alkene with an alcohol is one of the most straightforward and green strategies for the formation of Csp2−Csp2 bonds. However, previously reported studies have only dealt with achiral reactions. Here, we describe chiral Brønsted acid‐catalyzed direct catalytic asymmetric dehydrative coupling reactions of 3‐vinylindoles and 3‐indolylmethanols. Various structurally diverse indole compounds were prepared in good to excellent yields, with good to excellent stereoselectivities.

magnified image
Interface Engineering via MoS2 Insertion Layer for Improving Resistive Switching of Conductive‐Bridging Random Access Memory
Authors: Wu Facai , Si Shuyao , Cao Peng , Wei Wei , Zhao Xiaolong , Shi Tuo , Zhang Xumeng , Ma Jianwei , Cao Rongrong , Liao Lei , Tseng Tseung‐Yuen , Liu Qi
Published: February 2019

Conductive‐bridging random access memory (CBRAM), dominated by conductive filament (CF) formation/rupture, has received much attention due to its simple structure and outstanding performances for nonvolatile memory, neuromorphic computing, digital logic, and analog circuit. However, the negative‐SET behavior can degrade device reliability and parameter uniformity. And large RESET current increases power consumption for memory applications. By inserting 2D material, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), for interface engineering with the device configuration of Ag/ZrO2/MoS2/Pt, the negative‐SET behavior is eliminated, and the RESET current is reduced simultaneously. With the ion barrier property of MoS2, the CF can probably not penetrate the MoS2 layer, thus eliminating the negative‐SET behavior. And with the low thermal conductivity of MoS2, the internal temperature of the device would be relatively high at RESET, accelerating probably redox reactions. As a result, the RESET current is reduced by an order of magnitude. This interface engineering opens up a way in improving the resistive switching performances of CBRAM, and can be of great benefit to the potential applications of MoS2 in next‐generation data storage.
The Observation of Domain‐Wall Current Transients Along with Charge Injection at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Chen Dongfang , Gu Zongquan , Zhao Dong‐Hui , Bai Zilong , Jiang Anquan
Published: February 2019

Erasable conductive domain walls (DWs) in insulating ferroelectrics are key components to reconfigurable nanocircuitries, nanosensors, and memories, but the wall currents are found to decay with time, especially at high temperatures. In this study, DW currents are induced upon partial domain switching against the peripheral unswitched bulk domain under the application of in‐plane electric field between two top electrodes patterned on epitaxial BiFeO3 (BFO) thin films. The “on” currents are followed by a drop at higher bias above the coercive voltage, which becomes more significant at elevated temperature from 298 to 408 K. An opposite “on” current is observed in the back sweeping when the above walls are erased to restore the as‐grown, stable domain structure. The phenomenon is explained by a film defect‐related model that free charges are injected and locally trapped at the defect levels to help screen the uncompensated polarizations in the conducting DWs, resulting in the wall current reduction. Once the walls are erased at opposite coercive voltages, the trapped free charges at the conducting DWs are expelled to form a discharge current. This finding provides the fundamental physics of the wall conduction in correlation with the film defects and reversible charge injection.
Occupational exposure and airflow obstruction and self‐reported COPD among ever‐employed US adults using a COPD‐job exposure matrix
Authors: Doney Brent , Kurth Laura , Halldin Cara , Hale Janet , Frenk Steven M.
Published: February 2019

Introduction

This study examined the association of spirometry‐defined airflow obstruction and self‐reported COPD defined as self‐reported doctor diagnosed chronic bronchitis or emphysema, with occupational exposure among ever‐employed US adults.

Methods

Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007‐2008 to 2011‐2012, a nationally representative study of the non‐institutionalized civilian US population. Reported current and/or longest held job were used to create prevalence estimates and prevalence odds ratios (PORs) (adjusted for age, gender, race, and smoking status) for airflow obstruction and self‐reported COPD by occupational exposure, determined using both NHANES participants’ self‐reported exposures and eight categories of COPD job exposure matrix (JEM) assigned exposures.

Results

Significant PORs for airflow obstruction and self‐reported COPD respectively were observed with self‐reported exposure for ≥20 years to mineral dust (POR = 1.44; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13‐1.85; POR = 1.69; 95% CI 1.17‐2.43) and exhaust fumes (POR = 1.65; 95% CI 1.27‐2.15; POR = 2.22; 95% CI 1.37‐3.58). Airflow obstruction or self‐reported COPD were also associated with COPD‐JEM assigned high exposure to mineral dust, combined dust, diesel exhaust, vapor‐gas, sensitizers, and overall exposure.

Conclusion

Airflow obstruction and self‐reported COPD are associated with both self‐reported and JEM‐assigned exposures.
Homozygous variant in OTX2 and possible genetic modifiers identified in a patient with combined pituitary hormone deficiency, ocular involvement, myopathy, ataxia, and mitochondrial impairment
Authors: Catania Alessia , Legati Andrea , Peverelli Lorenzo , Nanetti Lorenzo , Marchet Silvia , Zanetti Nadia , Lamperti Costanza , Ghezzi Daniele
Published: February 2019

Here we report on a singleton patient affected by a complicated congenital syndrome characterized by growth delay, retinal dystrophy, sensorineural deafness, myopathy, ataxia, combined pituitary hormone deficiency, associated with mitochondrial impairment. Targeted clinical exome sequencing led to the identification of a homozygous missense variant in OTX2. Since only dominant mutations within OTX2 have been associated with cases of syndromic microphthalmia, retinal dystrophy with or without pituitary dysfunctions, this represents the first report of an OTX2 recessive mutation. Part of the phenotype, including ataxia, myopathy and multiple mitochondrial respiratory chain defects, seemed not related to OTX2. Further analysis of next generation sequencing (NGS) data revealed additional candidate variants: a homozygous variant in LETM1, and heterozygous rare variants in AFG3L2 and POLG. All three genes encode mitochondrial proteins and the last two are known to be associated with ataxia, a neurological sign present also in the father of the proband. With our study, we aim to encourage the integration of NGS data with a detailed analysis of clinical description and family history in order to unravel composite genotypes sometimes associated with complicated phenotypes.
Cardiometabolic health in Turner syndrome
Authors: Davis Shanlee M. , Geffner Mitchell E.
Published: February 2019

Individuals with Turner syndrome (TS) have a higher morbidity and mortality compared to the general population. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease are the major contributors to this burden. Precursors to diabetes and cardiovascular disease make up what is known as metabolic syndrome, including abdominal obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and elevated fasting glucose. These features of poor cardiometabolic health are also prevalent among women with TS. Youth with TS also exhibit many of these features, indicating that the pathogenesis of these cardiometabolic conditions may begin early in life. The etiology of the increased risk of cardiometabolic conditions in TS is likely multifactorial, involving genetics, epigenetics, hypogonadism, medical comorbidities, medications, and lifestyle. Counseling for the increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases as well as efforts to prevent or lower this risk should be routinely provided in the care of all patients with TS. Clinical practice guidelines are now available to guide screening and treatment of cardiometabolic conditions in girls and women with TS.
Total Synthesis of (−)‐Alstofolinine A through a Furan Oxidation/Rearrangement and Indole Nucleophilic Cyclization Cascade
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhang Ye , Li Wenting , Qi Xiangbing
Published: February 2019

A reaction cascade of aza‐Achmatowicz rearrangement followed by indole nucleophilic cyclization was developed to generate the common indole‐fused azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane core of the macroline family alkaloids. The key to the success of the strategy relies on the careful manipulation of protecting groups and judicious selection of chemoselective furan oxidation conditions. The synthetic utility was further demonstrated on the asymmetric total synthesis of (−)‐alstofolinine A.