bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parental Financial Monitoring and Financial Literacy: The Moderating Effects of Parental Income
Authors: Ndou Adam
Published: January 2024

The moderating effect of parental income on parental financial monitoring and financial literacy is increasingly becoming important. This study determined whether the relationship between parental financial monitoring and financial literacy is moderated by parental income. Quantitative research approach was adopted. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Moderated regression analysis was used to analyse data. The results showed that  Parental income moderated the relationship of Parental financial monitoring with financial knowledge, financial behaviour, and financial attitude. Furthermore, the results indicated that parental income did not moderate the relationship of Parental financial monitoring and financial decision-making. Therefore, the overall results indicated that the relationship between parental financial monitoring and financial literacy is moderated by parental income.  This study is the first to investigate whether the relationship between parental financial monitoring and financial literacy is moderated by parental income. This study concluded by providing recommendations and suggestions for future research.
The Effect of External Public Debt and State Sukuk (SBSN) On Indonesia's Economic Growth: An Autoregressive Distributed Lag Approach
Authors: Listiyani Fahmaninda , Sriyana Jaka , Ratnawati Nirdukita
Published: January 2024

Indonesia's external public debt continues to grow with a ratio of 30.1% of GDP. In the first quarter of 2023, Indonesia's external public debt reached 199.4 billion US dollars or equivalent to 3000 trillion rupiahs. This condition makes Indonesia a debtor country that depend on international creditor countries or institutions. In addition, state sukuk as an alternative to state financing with sharia guidelines also continues to grow, but its performance cannot be equal to external public debt as one of the pillars of Indonesia's economic growth. Therefore, this study is present to analyse the effect of government external public debt paired with state sukuk as an Islamic fiscal variable on Indonesia's economic growth. Moreover, this study also analyses the factors that influence the growth of Indonesia's external public debt. The sample used to analyse the effect of government external public debt and state sukuk on Indonesia's economic growth was taken from the first quarter of 2010 to the first quarter of 2023. This study uses Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) to find empirical finding of the model. The results of this study indicate that the external public debt variable in the long term has a significant negative effect on economic growth while the state sukuk variable in the long term has no effect on economic growth.
Islamic Social Reporting and Financial Performance: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Saaul Mufidah Ikhdazahrotunni , Ulum Ihyaul , Wahyu Oktavendi Tri , Dwi Mawardi Fahmi , Afrizal Faris
Published: January 2024

Examining the topic of Islamic Social Reporting and Financial Performance from previous research can provide opportunities for further research that is more diverse and innovative. So, to support this research, then mapping is done by analyzing previous research with identifying and analyzing similar research that is relevant in the field of sharia accounting, which discusses the topic of Islamic Social Reporting and Financial Performance. The aim of this research is to map research that is related to the field of sharia accounting. for publication in indexed journals. Scopus, Sinta 1, Sinta 2, Sinta 3, Sinta 4, Sinta 5, Sinta 6, Garuda, and DOAJ. This research uses a type of desk research, using bibliometric analysis methods. It was found that research on Islamic social reporting and financial performance had appeared since 2012. There are 35 articles that discuss topics related to Islamic Social Reporting and Financial Performance, these 35 articles are then explained in this study. 2019 was the peak of the number of published articles related to the topic of Islamic social reporting and financial performance with the highest number of 8 articles. Based on the results of the mapping and analysis of this research, it is concluded that Islamic social reporting and financial performance research has begun to be widely studied from year to year and can be developed into topics related to sharia banking, Islamic banking, profit sharing ratios, Islamic corporate governance, and sharia compliance.
Implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) In Improving The Reputation of Islamic Banking: A Perspective of Shariah Enterprise Theory
Authors: Amaliah Liwan Nadhilah , Haliah Haliah , Nirwana Nirwana
Published: January 2024

This study underscores the importance of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the context of Islamic banking, which considers economic, moral, and ethical aspects in accordance with Islamic principles. Despite being the main focus of companies around the world, the concrete impact of CSR implementation in a sharia perspective on corporate reputation still needs to be better understood. This study uses the literature review method, by collecting and analyzing 13 journals from various sources of information related to the form of CSR in Islamic banks in the SET perspective. The results show that Islamic banks that implement CSR based on Shariah Enterprise Theory (SET) can improve their corporate reputation. By complying with the sharia principles in the SET concept, Islamic banks are able to build a positive image in the eyes of customers, investors, and the community, as well as create a favorable environment, and increase stakeholder trust. This study has an important contribution in illustrating the importance of CSR disclosure in the SET perspective to enhance the reputation of Islamic banks and promote sustainability in the Islamic banking industry.
The Moderating Effect of Audit Committee Meetings on The Relationship Between Internal Auditors’ Attributes and Financial Sustainability
Authors: Agyemang Joseph Kwasi , Modisane Cameron
Published: January 2024

The study aimed to establish the moderating effect of audit committee meetings on the relationship between internal auditors’ attributes and financial sustainability of municipalities. The study used census balanced panel data design and survey approach. The primary data was collected through 621 structured questionnaires distributed to chief audit executives and board of directors and audit committee chairpersons in 207 out of the 260 municipalities. The secondary data was collected from the Auditor General’s report. The study used panel data comprising both cross section and time series. The study sampled observations for a five-year period (from 2016 to 2020) with 1035 observations for 207 municipalities. Data collected were analysed using partial least square-structural equation modelling. The findings indicated that audit committee meetings, internal auditor independence, internal audit size with the exception of internal auditor competence, have direct significant influence on financial sustainability. However, audit committee meetings failed to significantly moderate the relationship between internal auditors’ attributes and financial sustainability.
The Effect of Bank Health Level and GCG Self Assessment on Banking Performance
Authors: Alamsyah Sustari , AR Khorida , Susilawati Desi
Published: January 2024

Bank Bukopin's liquidity difficulties in 2020 were triggered by internal problems which resulted in disruptions to payment traffic, money withdrawals and financing distribution, this had an impact on decreasing public trust and causing harm to the banking world. The research aims to prove the effect of banking soundness level and GCG Self-Assessment on the financial performance of Indonesian banks. The research design is quantitative associatif and the unit of analysis is the company's annual report. Samples were taken from a population of banking entities listed on the IDX for the 2017-2021 period through a purposive-sampling technique and data analysis using panel data regression with the E-Views 10 program. The research results prove that simultaneously financial performance (ROA) is influenced by CAR, BOPO, NPL, LDR and SA-GCG. Partially the CAR, BOPO, and NPL variables affect financial performance (ROA). while LDR and SA-GCG do not affect financial performance (ROA). The research findings indicate that the LDR owned by banks is still in a safe condition and the Self-Assessment-GCG made by the bank does not provide a guarantee that it will increase banking performance.
Accuracy Analysis of Financial Distress Prediction Models for Companies on the IDX Watchlist Board in 2020-2022 Period
Authors: Anastasia Erdina Renaganis , Riza Fahrul
Published: January 2024

Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian adalah menguji tingkat keakuratan model prediksi financial distress Altman, Grover, Zmijewski, dan Springate, menggunakan data keuangan perusahaan yang masuk kriteria 5 atau 8 di Papan Pemantauan Khusus BEI pada periode 2020- 2022. Penelitian ini menggunakan  metode kuantitatif dengan teknis analisis deskriptif. Pengujian data menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis One Way Anova karena terdapat lebih dari dua model prediksi yang dibandingkan, kemudian data tidak berdistribusi normal. Sebanyak 44 sampel yang dipilih menggunakan teknik puposive diambil dari 55 populasi emiten yang masuk dalam Papan Pemantauan Khusus BEI.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara akurasi model Altman, Grover, Zmijewski, dan Springate. Ditunjukkan dari hasil akurasi berdasarkan jumlah prediksi benar dari masing-masing model, Zmijewski merupakan model paling akurat dengan tingkat akurasi 67%, disusul Altman 65%, Grover 65%, dan terendah Springate 60%

 

Abstract: The research aims to examine the accuracy level of the Altman, Grover, Zmijewski, and Springate financial distress prediction models, to determine the most accurate financial distress prediction model in analyzing companies on the IDX Watchlist Board criteria 5 or 8 between 2020 and 2022. This study employs a quantitative method with descriptive analytical techniques. Data testing utilizes the Kruskal-Wallis One-Way ANOVA test due to the comparison of more than two prediction models and the non-normal distribution of the data. A total of 44 samples, purposively selected from the population of 55 listed issuers within the DPK-BEI, were used. The research findings reveal no significant differences in the accuracy among the Altman, Grover, Zmijewski, and Springate models. This is evidenced by the accuracy results based on the number of correct predictions from each model. Zmijewski emerges as the most accurate model with a 67% accuracy rate, followed by Altman and Grover at 65% each, and Springate with the lowest accuracy at 60%.
A Study on the Right to Demand for the Ground Facilities Purchase in Community Land Users
Authors:   National Association of Korean Local Government Studies, Kim Myongjun , Kim Hyojin
Published: January 2024

The Article 23 of the Constitution is being prescribed with saying that “The property rights of all citizens shall be guaranteed, but their contents and limits shall be determined by law, and that the exercise of property rights shall be allowed to be appropriate for public welfare.” The fundamental purport of this regulation is being interpreted to be what the acceptance, use or restriction of property rights due to the public needs is exceptionally permitted only if the requirements prescribed by the Constitution are met while giving a guarantee to the free use, profit, and disposal of all citizens' property rights under the basic principle dubbed the guarantee of the private property system.
By the way, as the mandatory provision with saying what is available for asking a landowner to buy at a certain price without removing or collecting the ground objects by land users given the expiration date after the use or profit in accordance with the agreement of the parties concerning the land of another person, it is being regarded as the formative right. However, in terms of applying and interpreting the Article 283 of the Civil Code by the person with superficies pertinent to the Right to Demand for the Ground Facilities Purchase, it is considered to be appropriate to see it as a case of corresponding to being below the minimum duration of the superficies in the Article 280 of the Civil Code according to the term of the contract of the parties.
Pleural Effusion Associated with Ulcerative Colitis: A Case Report
Authors: Al Ashkar Rana , Nasser El Dine Rabab , Harb Rachad , AlMoussawi Mohamed , Soukarieh Khaled
Published: January 2024

Background: Extraintestinal manifestations associated with IBD may involve the skin, joints, hepatobiliary tract, eye, kidney, and rarely pancreas and respiratory systems; as well as risks for venous thrombosis. They may be present at diagnosis or develop later in the disease course. Pulmonary complications of IBD include airway inflammation, parenchymal lung disease, serositis, thromboembolic disease, and drug-induced lung toxicity.
Case Presentation: We report a case of a 41-year-old lady with ulcerative colitis who presented to the hospital with respiratory symptoms. Physical examination and imagery lead to the diagnosis of acute pleural effusion. Later on, the patient developed gastrointestinal symptoms. Colonoscopy and biopsy showed that she has Ulcerative Colitis. Which is a very rare presentation of EIM of IBD. The patient improved on steroids and mesalamine and pleural effusion resolved.
Conclusion: In conclusion, pulmonary involvement should be considered when pleurisy develops in UC. Early diagnosis and effective treatment are important for these patients.
Recurrence Coefficients for Orthogonal Polynomials with a Logarithmic Weight Function
Authors:   New York University, USA, Deift Percy , Piorkowski Mateusz ,   Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
Published: January 2024

We prove an asymptotic formula for the recurrence coefficients of orthogonal polynomials with orthogonality measure $\log \bigl(\frac{2}{1-x}\bigr) {\rm d}x$ on $(-1,1)$. The asymptotic formula confirms a special case of a conjecture by Magnus and extends earlier results by Conway and one of the authors. The proof relies on the Riemann-Hilbert method. The main difficulty in applying the method to the problem at hand is the lack of an appropriate local parametrix near the logarithmic singularity at $x = +1$.
Evolved Massive Stars at Low Metallicity. VI. Mass-loss Rate of Red Supergiant Stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Wen 文 Jing 静 , Gao 高 Jian 健 , Yang 杨 Ming 明 , Chen 陈 Bingqiu 丙秋 , Ren 任 Yi 逸 , Wang 王 Tianding 天丁 , Jiang 姜 Biwei 碧沩
Published: January 2024

Mass loss is a crucial process that affects the observational properties, evolution path, and fate of highly evolved stars. However, the mechanism of mass loss is still unclear, and the mass-loss rate (MLR) of red supergiant stars (RSGs) requires further research and precise evaluation. To address this, we utilized an updated and complete sample of RSGs in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and employed the 2-DUST radiation transfer model and spectral energy distribution fitting approach to determine the dust-production rates (DPRs) and dust properties of the RSGs. We have fitted 4714 selected RSGs with over 100,000 theoretical templates of evolved stars. Our results show that the DPR range of RSGs in the LMC is 10−11
M
⊙ yr−1–10−7
M
⊙ yr−1, and the total DPR of all RSGs is 1.14 ×10−6
M
⊙ yr−1. We find that 63.3% RSGs are oxygen-rich, and they account for 97.2% of the total DPR. The optically thin RSG, which comprise 30.6% of our sample, contribute only 0.1% of the total DPR, while carbon-rich RSGs (6.1%) produce 2.7% of the total DPR. Overall, 208 RSGs contributed 76.6% of the total DPR. We have established a new relationship between the MLR and luminosity of RSGs in the LMC, which exhibits a positive trend and a clear turning point at

log
L

/

L

⊙

≈
4.4

.
Protostellar Cores in Sagittarius B2 N and M
Authors: Budaiev Nazar , Ginsburg Adam , Jeff Desmond , Goddi Ciriaco , Meng Fanyi , Sánchez-Monge Álvaro , Schilke Peter , Schmiedeke Anika , Yoo Taehwa
Published: January 2024

We present 500 and 700 au resolution 1 and 3 mm Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations, respectively, of protostellar cores in protoclusters Sagittarius B2 (Sgr B2) North (N) and Main (M), parts of the most actively star-forming cloud in our Galaxy. Previous lower-resolution (5000 au) 3 mm observations of this region detected ∼150 sources inferred to be young stellar objects (YSOs) with M > 8 M
⊙. With a 10-fold increase in resolution, we detect 371 sources at 3 mm and 218 sources in the smaller field of view at 1 mm. The sources seen at low resolution are observed to fragment into an average of two objects. About one-third of the observed sources fragment. Most of the sources we report are marginally resolved and are at least partially optically thick. We determine that the observed sources are most consistent with Stage 0/I YSOs, i.e., rotationally supported disks with an active protostar and an envelope, that are warmer than those observed in the solar neighborhood. We report source-counting-based inferred stellar mass and the star formation rate of the cloud: 2800 M
⊙ and 0.0038 M
⊙ yr−1 for Sgr B2 N and 6900 M
⊙ and 0.0093 M
⊙ yr−1 for Sgr B2 M, respectively.
How Can the Optical Variation Properties of Active Galactic Nuclei Be Unbiasedly Measured?
Authors: Hu Xu-Fan , Cai Zhen-Yi , Wang Jun-Xian
Published: January 2024

The variability of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is ubiquitous, but has not yet been understood. Measuring the optical variation properties of AGNs, such as the variation timescale and amplitude, and then correlating them with their fundamental physical parameters has long served as a critical way of exploring the origin of AGN variability and the associated physics of the accretion process in AGNs. Obtaining accurate variation properties of AGNs is thus essential. It has been found that the damped random walk process can describe the AGN optical variation well, but there is a controversy over how long a minimal monitoring baseline is required to obtain unbiased variation properties. In this work, we settle the controversy by exhaustively scrutinizing the complex combination of assumed priors, adopted best-fit values, ensemble averaging methods, and fitting methods. The new proposal is then an optimized solution where unbiased variation properties of an AGN sample possessing the same variation timescale can be obtained with a minimal baseline of about 10 times their variation timescale. Finally, the new optimized solution is used to demonstrate the positive role of the time-domain surveys to be conducted by the Wide Field Survey Telescope in improving constraints on AGN variation properties.
Primordial Black Hole Merger Rate in f(R) Gravity
Authors: Fakhry Saeed
Published: January 2024

Primordial black holes (PBHs) are known as one of the potential candidates for dark matter. They are expected to have formed due to the direct gravitational collapse of density fluctuations in the early Universe. In this regard, examining the merger rate of PBHs within modified theories of gravity can offer a deeper insight into their abundance. In this work, we delve into the calculation of the merger rate of PBHs within the theoretical framework of f(R) gravity. Our analysis reveals an enhancement in the merger rate of PBHs compared to that obtained from general relativity. Additionally, modulating the field strength f
R0 induces shifts in the PBH merger rate, presenting a potential observational signature of modified gravity. We also explore the upper bounds on the abundance of PBHs obtained from f(R) gravity models by comparing the results with gravitational-wave and observational data. The results indicate that in certain regions not excluded by benchmarking data, the parameter space for these upper bounds may be considered reliable.
AI-Driven Decision-Making Applications in Pharmaceutical Sciences
Authors: Yingngam Bancha , Navabhatra Abhiruj , Sillapapibool Polpan
Published: January 2024

This chapter explores AI's influence on pharmaceutical sciences, highlighting its enhancement of traditional design methodologies. It explores AI's transformational role in key sectors, including drug discovery, virtual screening, and drug formulation development. AI's ability to efficiently identify potential drug candidates from large chemical libraries and its use of optimization algorithms in the selection of suitable excipients and dosage forms are discussed. The chapter also emphasizes AI's significance in improving pharmaceutical manufacturing processes through parameter refinement, quality outcome prediction, and real-time anomaly detection. The integration of traditional design methods with AI ensures robust, reliable, AI-driven processes that are compliant with regulations. In conclusion, the chapter highlights the potential of AI in pharmaceutical sciences and the importance of its integration with traditional design methods. This approach empowers scientists to innovate, speed up drug development, and improve patient outcomes.
Strategies for Sustainable Business Growth in Maritime Logistics
Authors: Mızrak Filiz
Published: January 2024

In the ever-evolving landscape of maritime logistics, the pursuit of sustainable business growth remains a complex and pressing challenge. This research addresses the complex challenge of achieving sustainable business growth in the dynamic realm of maritime logistics by integrating the resource-based view (RBV) theory and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method. Through a blended approach of qualitative and quantitative methods, insights are extracted from in-depth interviews with five prominent experts in Turkey's maritime sector. The study focuses on optimizing internal resources using the RBV theory and ascertaining the relative importance of strategic factors through the AHP method, culminating in a comprehensive framework for concurrent growth and sustainability. Findings reveal pivotal criteria for sustainable growth, spanning technological innovation, operational efficiency, environmental stewardship, and regulatory compliance, emphasizing the need for proactive adaptation to evolving industry demands.
Digital Marketing and Customer Experience Strategy
Authors: Cevher Muhammed Fatih
Published: January 2024

This study examines the importance of using digital channels in increasing marketing and customer loyalty by addressing digital marketing and customer experience strategies. The rapid development of the digital age obliges businesses to focus on digital marketing methods and develop strategies to improve customer experience. In the introduction part of the study, digital marketing and customer experience issues are briefly mentioned, and the current situation analysis is made. After the introduction, the previous studies on the subject are examined under the title of a literature review. Then, it explains the concept of digital marketing and explains some digital marketing strategies. In the next stage, the customer journey and customer experience were examined and then focused on the digital customer experience. In the last part of the study, the digital marketing and customer experience strategy has been summarized, and the importance of digital channels in customer loyalty has been pointed out.
Crisis Management and Risk Mitigation
Authors: Mizrak Kagan Cenk
Published: January 2024

Crisis management and risk mitigation are vital components of organizational resilience and success in today's dynamic and uncertain business landscape. Effectively managing crises and mitigating strategic risks can determine an organization's ability to withstand disruptions, protect its reputation, and maintain stakeholder trust. This study employs a mixed-method approach, combining expert interviews and a comprehensive literature review, to explore these crucial areas thoroughly. By identifying key themes and patterns, the research aims to develop evidence-based strategies that empower decision-makers to proactively address crises and strategically manage risks, fostering stability and sustainability in the face of challenges. The outcomes of this research hold the potential to make significant contributions to the broader fields of crisis management and risk mitigation.
The Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasound-guided Fine-needle Aspiration Cytology in Diagnosing Head-and-neck Lesions: An Institutional Experience from Northeastern India
Authors: Neha  , Bhuyan Geet , Sonowal Basanta , Saikia Projnan
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Head-and-neck lesions are common and varied, ranging from inflammatory conditions to malignancies. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a crucial diagnostic technique, and ultrasound-guided FNAC (UG-FNAC) has become increasingly important for accurate diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of UG-FNAC for the management of head-and-neck lesions.

Subjects and Methods:

A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2021 to January 2023, involving 119 patients with head-and-neck lesions. UG-FNAC was performed, and clinical history, ultrasound findings, and histopathological correlation were recorded. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 26.

Results:

The study included 119 cases, predominantly in patients below 50 years of age. The most common aspirates were from lymph nodes (52.94%), followed by thyroid (22.68%) and salivary gland (16.8%) lesions. We found that the cytological and histological diagnoses were consistent in the majority of cases, with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rates of 85.71%, 100%, and 91.6%, respectively.

Discussion:

UG-FNAC has proven to be a valuable tool in the diagnosis of head-and-neck lesions, allowing for accurate targeting of nonpalpable lesions and improved patient management. The cytological and histological correlation rates observed in this study are consistent with previous studies, indicating the reliability of the technique.

Conclusion:

UG-FNAC is a reliable and accurate diagnostic technique for head-and-neck lesions. It facilitates preoperative preparation, patient consent, and appropriate surgical treatment. The high diagnostic accuracy and minimal complications associated with this procedure make it an important tool in the management of superficial and deep-seated head-and-neck lesions.
Exploring Newer Alternatives to Soft-tissue Autografts for Managing Gingival Recession
Authors: Poulose Mariam , Gujar Dnyaneshwari , Nair Gopika G. , Kadam Shweta , Martande Santosh S. , Gopalakrishnan Dharmarajan
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Gingival recession is often associated with unesthetic appearance, inadequate width of attached gingiva, hypersensitivity, and difficulty in maintaining optimal oral hygiene. Thus, the ultimate aim of recession management is to attain complete root coverage that includes diverse surgical techniques with adjunctive scaffolds and graft materials. Soft-tissue autografts are of great importance in clinical practice for managing these mucogingival deformities and providing better esthetics and function around teeth and implants. Subepithelial connective tissue graft is the “gold standard” for recession coverage. However, obtaining these autografts can sometimes be difficult due to various disadvantages such as decreased patient compliance, a limited amount of donor tissue, inadequate donor tissue in case of shallow or thin palatal tissues, and the need for multiple surgical procedures to harvest adequate donor graft tissue. To overcome these disadvantages, various alternatives have been introduced. This review aims to provide systematically compiled data on the available alternatives of soft-tissue autografts that can be used for managing gingival recession.
Drug Utilization Pattern of Antibiotics in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Mysuru, Karnataka
Authors: Pushpa V. H. , Pallda Deepa , Sudharman Sisira , Thandaveshwara Deepti , Doddawad Vidya Gowdappa , Patil Karthikeya
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Millions of babies are admitted to neonatal intensive care units (ICUs) worldwide, with a significant proportion facing various indications. Given that sepsis is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity among infants globally, including in India, the importance of efficient antibiotic use cannot be overstated. As the global problem of drug resistance intensifies, prudent antibiotic usage becomes crucial in mitigating treatment failures and ensuring the survival of newborns.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of antimicrobial drug utilization in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to assess the criteria for drug selection in a tertiary care hospital.

Materials and Methods:

It was an observational, prospective study conducted for 6 months in which 200 neonates admitted to the NICU at a tertiary care hospital were included in the study.

Results:

Out of 200 neonates, the number of male babies admitted to NICU was 115 (57.5%) and female babies were 85 (42.5%). Many of the neonates were from the age group of 1 to 5 days (58.5%). Most of the neonates were from the weight group of 2.5 to 3 kg (26.5%). The hospital admission duration for the majority of neonates is within the 3–6-day range, accounting for 98 neonates, which represents 49% of the cases. The most prevalent reason for admission to the neonatal ICU (NICU) was preterm with respiratory distress syndrome, comprising 29% of cases, followed by neonatal sepsis at 19.5%, and preterm births at 11%. Among 423 antibiotics, the most prescribed antibiotic was injection piperacillin + tazobactam (35.4%) followed by gentamicin (30.2%).

Conclusion:

Empirical antibiotics were administered to every newborn based on their individual conditions. The antibiotic utilization pattern within this study group was determined to be rational.
Fabrication and In vitro Evaluation of Chitosan-based Nanocomposites through Ionic Gelation Method for the Sustained Release Drug Delivery of Nicorandil
Authors: Ahmed Fahad , Mustafa Muhammad Abid , Tayyab Muhammad , Sarwer Muhammad Umer , Khan Hafeez Ullah , Zaheer Laiba
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

In this ever-evolving present era, the field of medicine is also changing and innovating at an unmatchable pace. The implication of nanotechnology in medicine is the need of the hour to serve the human health-care sector and to make this world a better place to live. In this era, humans are suffering from immense mortality because of many life-threatening diseases. Cardiovascular complications are among one of the major reasons for morbidity and mortality, such as angina pectoris.

Aims and Objective:

Furthermore, in the past few decades, polysaccharides such as chitosan have gained great attention to be used as a carrier system in nanomedicine due to their favorable properties. Materials with a nanoscale structure, or nanocomposites, are used to enhance products’ macroscopic characteristics. A rapidly expanding field of study is nanocomposite organic/inorganic materials in general. The ability to achieve control of the nanoscale structures via novel synthetic techniques is the subject of intense research.

Material and Method:

Intending to formulate a sustained release nanocarrier system of an antianginal agent, i.e., nicorandil, this study has implied a widely acceptable and feasible technique of ionic gelation. This technique implies sodium tripolyphosphate having a negative charge while the cationic character of chitosan, hence resulting in the formation of a nanoscale drug carrier vehicle. Then, formulated nanocomposites were characterized by several widely accepted methods such as zeta size and potential, powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, FTIR, and differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis.

Results:

The mean diameter of the resulting formulation is also in the favorable range (278 nm). The formulation showed significant incorporation of active drugs inside the carrier system. Loading of drug and entrapment efficiency results were promising, while the drug release profile showed sustained drug release patterns from the vehicle.

Conclusion:

Thus, the present study presents the potential to overcome limitations such as low bioavailability, side effects, and poor stability of the medicinal agent used.
Effect of Dyspnea, Quality of Life, and Well-being in Postacute COVID-19 Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ballasingam Ahtheemathurra , Islahudin Farida , Abdul-Aziz Siti-Azdiah , Makmor-Bakry Mohd
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:

The persistence of respiratory symptoms beyond 4 weeks otherwise known as postacute COVID-19 symptoms has been reported to significantly affect the clinical outcome, quality of life (QOL), and well-being of patients’ postinfection.

Aims:

The study aims to determine the pattern of postacute COVID-19 dyspnea symptoms, QOL, and well-being and its association at month 1 and 6 following COVID-19 infection.

Settings and Design:

A prospective cohort study of two COVID-19 hospitals in Malaysia was conducted.

Subjects and Methods:

Patients were followed up from admission, discharge, and 6 months after. A standard questionnaire assessed demographics, Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea score, QOL EQ-5D-5L scale (mobility, ability to self-care, ability to perform usual activity, pain, and anxiety), and the World Health Organization (WHO)-5 well-being index.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Wilcoxon signed-rank, Kruskal–Wallis, and Pearson correlation tests were used.

Results:

The mMRC, ED-5D-5L, and WHO-5 scores worsened during admission and slowly resolved over the 6 months (n = 388). mMRC scores positively correlated with EQ-5D-5L scores for mobility, self-care, ability to perform usual activity, pain, and anxiety (visit 1 and 6, P = 0.00) during the 1st and 6th months. Higher mMRC and EQ-5D-5L scores indicate worsening dyspnea and QOL. mMRC demonstrated a negative correlation with WHO-5 scores (visit 1: r = −0.30 and visit 6: r = −0.39, P = 0.00), which indicated worsening dyspnea and lower mental well-being. A higher WHO-5 well-being index was associated with lower EQ-5D-5L scores (visit 1 and 6, P = 0.00), demonstrating lowered patient’s well-being with worsening QOL.

Conclusions:

As such, appropriate health-care support and monitoring of patients, postdischarge is essential to optimize patient outcome.
Factors Affecting Antihypertensive Adverse Drug Reaction among Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
Authors: Nasiruddin Aina Yazrin Ali , Lee Fei Yee , Makmor-Bakry Mohd , Islahudin Farida
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are frequently prescribed antihypertensives to slow the progression of the disease through the reduction of proteinuria and controlled blood pressure (BP). Antihypertensives often cause adverse drug reactions (ADRs) such as hyperkalemia, dry cough, and dizziness, to name a few. However, there is a lack of work in determining clinical and genetic factors associated with ADR among CKD patients.

Aims:

This work aimed to determine the clinical and genetic factors associated with ADR among CKD patients.

Settings and Design:

A prospective observational cohort study was performed in tertiary hospitals.

Subjects and Methods:

CKD patients >18 years, on at least one antihypertensive, with a follow-up for 1 year were included. Blood samples were collected for the identification of CYP2C19*2, CYP2D6*10, and CYP3A5*3.

Statistical Analysis Used:

A simple and multiple logistic regression was performed to determine factors associated with ADR.

Results:

A total of 188 patients were included. The most common antihypertensive used was renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors (n = 148, 78.7%), which were found to cause most of the ADR (n = 15, 48.4%). Factors associated with ADR were female (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =0.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.09–0.96; P = 0.04), nonsmokers (AOR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.04–0.91, P = 0.04), and systolic BP (SBP) >138 mmHg (AOR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.06–0.58, P < 0.01). An ADR was 3.4, 5.1, and 5.4 times more likely to occur among males, nonsmokers, and an SBP <138 mmHg, respectively (χ
2
[13] = 28.9, P = 0.007).

Conclusions:

Closer monitoring of ADR should be performed among CKD hypertensive patients to ensure optimized management. Further work on demographic, clinical, and genetic polymorphisms should be performed in future studies regarding antihypertensive ADR.
Role of NT-pro B-type Natriuretic Peptide in Anemic Patients Presenting with High-output Cardiac Failure
Authors: Roushan Kumar , Raj Akshi , Singh Madhuri , Chandanwale Shirish Sahebrao , Sharma Anuj
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Anemia commonly contributes to cardiovascular alterations, including heart failure (HF). High-output cardiac failure is a less common form of HF, characterized by heart’s inability to provide sufficient blood for the body’s demand. However, anemia sometimes remains undetected because the superficial cardiac function does not precisely reflect the adverse impact of anemia. Plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is comes into role in these cases.

Material and Method:

This cross sectional study was conducted between August 2020 to September 2022 on 40 severe anaemic cases with Hb < 8g/dl according to WHO classification irrespective of etiology with clinical signs of heart failure, age group- above 14 years.

Results:

Out of total 40 patients, 24 were male and 16 were female. In our study, among the anemic females, 9 (56%) belonged to the age group of <30 years of age. In our study, out of 40 patients, 14 patients presented with high BNP and 26 patients presented with BNP within normal limits. The mean BNP range in patients with high BNP level was 290.6.

Conclusion:

Understanding the mechanisms of association between anemia and NT-proBNP may improve our understanding of cardiac pathophysiology and help target potential therapies to prevent the development and progression of HF.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Shailaja K. , Ravindranathan Shruthi , Jayanii V. T. , Jinnah Aadhira , Shirly S.
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a most common but complex, multifunctional, endocrine complaint that occurs substantially in women of reproductive age. It is characterized by irregularity or the absence of ovulation and elevated situations of androgen (hyperandrogenism) and insulin (hyperinsulinemia). It is a chronic condition that can lead to numerous successive and severe conditions such as uterine (endometrial) or ovarian carcinoma, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases. The signs and symptoms of polycystic ovary disease may include irregular periods, infertility, weight gain, thinning crown hair, patient acne, dark skin patches, skin markers, pelvic pain, depression, and anxiety. Remaining benighted on PCOS and its management impacts the prognosis.
Evidence-based Clinical Efficacy of Certain Indigenous Traditional Siddha Formulations in Combating Anemia: A Global Health Burden – A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Kumar A. Rajendra , Gunalan Gayathri , Firdouse K. Hina , Archana A.
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Anemia is a widespread issue impacting the well-being of millions and their quality of life. It also hinders the growth and learning of children, which can detrimentally affect a nation’s progress. In Siddha System of medicine, various pharmaceutical formulations are available for anemia treatment. However, there is a lack of evidence-based clinical trial data supporting these traditional Siddha claims.

Aim and Objective:

This study aimed to conduct an extensive meta-analysis to assess the therapeutic effectiveness of Siddha formulations in anemia management and also to evaluate the clinical evidence’s validity.

Materials and Methods:

The study gathered data from various sources, showcasing the use of different Siddha preparations in clinical studies for anemia treatment. Rev-Man 5.2 software was used for meta-analysis. The study revealed a significant improvement in both adults and paediatric groups after treatment with various Siddha formulations.

Results:

The meta-analysis showed a standardized mean difference (SMD) of 1.92 for haemoglobin level before and after treatment over an average period of 44 ± 20 days (P≤0.0001).

Conclusion:

This analysis demonstrates that Siddha formulations have substantial evidence-based therapeutic efficacy in treating anemia. These Siddha formulations hold promise for inclusion in public health programs and policies aimed at combating anemia in the population. However, conducting more randomized control trials (RCTs) in anemia treatment is essential to establish robust scientific evidence which potentially leads to global acceptance of these Siddha formulations.
Etiological Spectrum, Epidemiological Characteristics in Compensated and Decompensated Cirrhosis at First Presentation
Authors: Bini Balakrishnan , Vijayalakshmi B. , Shenoy K. T. , Mukkadan Joseph Kurian
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Context and Aim:

Decompensation as a presenting feature is uncommon among cirrhosis-seeking consultations and may indicate the poor outcomes. This study will be assessing the etiology and epidemiological characteristics among compensated and decompensated cirrhosis at first presentation.

Settings and Design:

A cross-sectional study in a tertiary care hospital in south Kerala, India.

Subjects and Methods:

Two hundred and nine patients with liver cirrhosis were evaluated for: age at presentation to the hospital, biochemical, virologic, Child–Pugh and Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD), and MELD Sodium (MELD Na) scores. Using cutoff for MELD Na and Child scores A versus B and C, the degree of association in those with or without decompensation was evaluated.

Results:

The mean (standard deviation) age of participants was 58.24 (±9.9) years. Seventy-seven percent were males. 11.5% were with decompensated cirrhosis (DC). 61.2% had alcoholic liver disease (ALD); 8.1% had hepatitis B; 2.4% hepatitis C virus; 0.5% autoimmune hepatitis; and 27.8% had nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In compensated cirrhosis (CC), 60.5% had ALD and 28.1% (n = 52) had NASH, whereas, in those with decompensation, 66.7% had ALD and 25% had NASH. In CC, 54.1% were Child A and the rest B and C compared to DC, wherein 58.3% were with Child B and C and 41.7% in Child A. MELD Score of 9+ was more in DC compared to CC (P = 0.05). Alcoholic hepatitis was observed in 32% of DC.

Conclusions:

Decompensation was the presenting feature in 11.5%, and alcohol abuse was the major risk factor. Those with DC have higher MELD scores.
Role of color Doppler ultrasound in differentiation between benign and malignant lymphadenopathy
Authors: Gendy Mina Gergis Naeem , Hussein Mostafa Thabet , Gad Shimaa Farghaly
Published: January 2024

Objective

To evaluate the accuracy of color Doppler ultrasound in differentiation between benign and malignant enlarged lymph nodes compared with histopathological correlation.

Patients and methods

In all, 100 patients with lymphadenopathy in various age groups participated in this prospective study. Grayscale and color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) was done for all of them, and then a comparison with histopathological data was done.

Results

Grayscale ultrasound had 88.9% sensitivity and 100% specificity with an area under the curve of 0.94 in the prediction of malignant LNs, while CDUS had 100% sensitivity and 87.8% specificity with an area under the curve of 0.93, The pulsatile index at a cutoff point >1.39 had 77.8% sensitivity and 100% specificity in the prediction of malignant LNs with an area under the curve of 0.87, while the resistive index at a cutoff point >0.69 had 78% sensitivity and 100% specificity with an area under the curve of 0.89.

Conclusion

Differentiation between benign and malignant lymph nodes using CDUS is a reliable and noninvasive technique.
Ozaki procedure
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed G. T. , El-Minshawy Ahmed M. K. , Caputo Massimo , Biglino Giovanni , Ismail Ahmed M. T. , Ibrahim Ahmed I. A.
Published: January 2024

Background and aim

Mechanical heart valves require lifelong anticoagulation and therefore predispose to hemorrhagic events. Ozaki developed their aortic valve (AV) reconstruction technique at Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, where they standardized the use of glutaraldehyde-treated autologous pericardium to perform a trileaflet aortic valve. Therefore, it achieves maximum effective orifice area (EOA) and low transvalvular gradients. The current study aimed to assess the short-term Ozaki procedure in our center.

Patients and methods

A total of 86 patients were enrolled in the current study; group A included 43 patients who had undergone AVR using a biological aortic valve prosthesis, and group B included 43 patients who had undergone aortic valve replacement (AVR) using the Ozaki procedure.

Results

Both groups had comparable findings either at baseline, perioperative data, or during the follow-up. During follow-up either in the 3rd or 6th month both groups had insignificant differences. Renal dysfunction was reported in five (11.6%) patients of the biological valve group and two patients of the Ozaki group. Endocarditis was developed in only two patients with biological valves. Mild aortic regurgitation was noticed in one patient in the 3rd month and two patients in the 6th month in the case of the Ozaki procedure, while only one patient in the biological valve group developed mild AR in the 6th month of follow-up. Nearly all patients had improved NYHA classes in both groups. No patient in the Ozaki group was converted to AVR.

Conclusion

We have described our initial experience with the Ozaki procedure in adults. The current study reported promising results for the Ozaki procedure. Yet, multiple future studies in multiple centers are warranted to draw a firm conclusion and support our findings.
Pentacam findings after implantation of intrastromal corneal rings in keratoconus
Authors: Shaltout Hebatullah S. G. , Elsedfy Hany O. , Awade Abd EL.Nasser , Mostafa Magdi M. , Abdel- Radi Mahmoud
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Intrastromal corneal ring segment implantation is a minimally invasive procedure. Its main goals are to flatten and regularize the cornea, to improve uncorrected and corrected visual acuity, and to delay or even prevent a keratoplasty. ICRSs effect correlates directly to its thickness and inversely to its distance to the visual axis.

Patients and methods

A retrospective observational study involving 44 eyes of 44 patients was initiated. The files and pentacam printouts of 44 patients were retrospectively extracted and evaluated. The preoperative and postoperative ocular findings and pentacam parameters of anterior and posterior corneal surfaces, in addition to the pachymetry data, were recorded and analyzed.

Results

Forty-four patients with keratoconus were evaluated in this study. Evaluation of anterior corneal surface showed significant flattening of all keratometry readings (P< 0.001) with significant improvement of corneal astigmatism (P= 0.03), corneal asphercity(P< 0.001), the inferior-superior asymmetry(P= 0.019) and the front elevation(P= 0.005) The posterior corneal surface showed significant improvement in back elevation(P< 0.001), and the back surface asphercity showed significant prolate shift (P= 0.01). The thinnest location was significantly upward displaced towards the corneal apex. kera 355° showed a significant flattening of all keratometry readings with significant improvement of corneal astigmatism and corneal asphercity of the anterior corneal surface and the back surface asphercity showed significant prolate shift(P= 0.001). The ICRS showed a significant flattening of km(P= 0.030) and corneal asphercity of the anterior corneal surface(P= 0.046).

Conclusion

The intracorneal ring implantation led to improvement of the tomographic corneal parameters which was more significant at the anterior corneal surface.