bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Compound image compression based on unified LZ and hybrid coding
Authors: Wang Shuhui , Lin Tao
Published: August 2013

This study proposes a unified LZ and hybrid coding (ULHC) method for compound image and video compression of visually lossless quality and high compression ratio. The method is macroblock‐based for ultra‐low coding latency and compatibility with the conventional and most popular hybrid video coding standards such as H.264 and MPEG‐2. First, each macroblock is coded by two tools: (i) gzip, a popular lossless LZ coding tool, modified to be macroblock‐oriented and to be seamlessly unifiable with a lossy hybrid coding tool; (ii) H.264, an advanced lossy hybrid coding tool. Then rate‐distortion optimisation is used to select either the modified gzip or H.264 as the final coding. To seamlessly unify these two coding tools for maximum quality and high compression ratio in ULHC, the modified gzip uses the most recent reconstructed and specially serialised macroblock data as the dictionary. Experimental results show that for images and videos composed of natural or synthesised picture, text and graphics, the proposed method provides higher peak signal‐to‐noise ratio and better subjective quality than H.264 at the same bitrate, and also achieves much higher compression ratio than gzip without any visual quality loss. In fact, ULHC can achieve partial‐lossless and partial‐near‐lossless coding with a high compression ratio.
Accurate method for synthesis of shaped‐beam non‐uniform reflectarray antenna
Authors: Karimipour Majid , Pirhadi Abbas , Ebrahimi Nasim
Published: August 2013

This study presents an accurate method to synthesise a shaped‐beam flat reflectarray (RA) antenna based on the phase synthesis of its equivalent aperture. For this purpose particle swarm optimisation is used to determine the optimal phase distribution on the reflective surface of the antenna. Furthermore, by dividing the equivalent aperture of the antenna into small parts and by appropriate approximation of the induced current in each part, the radiation fields have been evaluated via the sum of the simple integrals. In this approach the relation of the amplitude and phase of the reflection co‐efficient of the RA elements with the radiation fields of the antenna can be obtained. Therefore the effect of the RA elements can directly be considered in the optimisation process. Also, in the proposed method the effects of the feed antenna including the angle, polarisation, amplitude and phase of the radiated fields from the feed are fully considered in the synthesis procedure. To verify the synthesis method a RA with flat reflective surface has been designed and manufactured that shows a good agreement with the simulation results obtained from commercial full‐wave electromagnetic software, CST Microwave Studio.
Estimation of the artificial neural network uncertainty used for measurand reconstruction in a sampling transducer
Authors: Roj Jerzy
Published: August 2013

The use of artificial neural networks in the field of measurement is mainly because of the need to meet ever increasing demands on the speed of obtaining the measurement results and increase their accuracy. A neural network, which is one of the components of a measurement signal processing chain, represents a specific type of a transducer, and therefore there is a need to determine the uncertainty of the results obtained by the network. Determination of this uncertainty is necessary for the purpose of comparing the metrological properties of neural networks of different structures, learned using different algorithms, as well as for comparing the classical and neural data processing methods that allow obtaining sufficiently accurate measurement results. This study presents a method for uncertainty estimation which is based on the histogram of neural network output result errors obtained in the testing process. The method allows determining the width of the uncertainty interval of final results for a given level of confidence. The theoretical considerations are complemented by simulation results of the measuring chain which uses neural networks for reconstruction of the input signal of a non‐linear sensor.
M‐matrix‐based stability conditions for genetic regulatory networks with time‐varying delays and noise perturbations
Authors: Tian Li‐Ping , Shi Zhong‐Ke , Liu Li‐Zhi , Wu Fang‐Xiang
Published: August 2013

Stability is essential for designing and controlling any dynamic systems. Recently, the stability of genetic regulatory networks has been widely studied by employing linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach, which results in checking the existence of feasible solutions to high‐dimensional LMIs. In the previous study, the authors present several stability conditions for genetic regulatory networks with time‐varying delays, based on M ‐matrix theory and using the non‐smooth Lyapunov function, which results in determining whether a low‐dimensional matrix is a non‐singular M ‐matrix. However, the previous approach cannot be applied to analyse the stability of genetic regulatory networks with noise perturbations. Here, the authors design a smooth Lyapunov function quadratic in state variables and employ M ‐matrix theory to derive new stability conditions for genetic regulatory networks with time‐varying delays. Theoretically, these conditions are less conservative than existing ones in some genetic regulatory networks. Then the results are extended to genetic regulatory networks with time‐varying delays and noise perturbations. For genetic regulatory networks with n genes and n proteins, the derived conditions are to check if an n × n matrix is a non‐singular M ‐matrix. To further present the new theories proposed in this study, three example regulatory networks are analysed.
Functional tunability of biological circuits from additional toggle switches
Authors: Shi Changhong , Zhou Tianshou , Yuan Zhanjiang
Published: August 2013

In many complex regulatory networks with interlinked feedback loops, the simple core circuits are sufficient to achieve the specific biological functions of the whole networks, naturally raising a question: what is the role of the additional feedback loops. By investigating the effect of an additional toggle switch on the auto‐activation circuit responsible for competent switch in Bacillus subtilits and on the activator–repressor circuit responsible for cell cycle in Xenopus embryonic, the authors show that the additional toggle switch can elaborate the dynamical behaviour of both circuits. Specifically, the additional toggle switch in B. subtilits does not significantly affect the saturation level of the competent state but can tune the activation threshold (i.e. the minimal stimulus required to switch the system from the non‐competent state to the competent state). For the activator–repressor circuit in X. embryonic cell cycle, the additional toggle switch can tune the oscillation frequency but does not change the oscillation amplitude. The proposed detailed results not only provide guidelines to the engineering of synthetic genetic circuits, but also imply a significant fact that additional toggle switches in a complex network are not really redundant but play a role of tuning network functions.
Perpendicular lamellar-in-lamellar and other planar morphologies in A-b-(B-b-A)2-b-C and (B-b-A)2-b-C ternary multiblock copolymer melts
Authors: Markov V. , Kriksin Y. , Erukhimovich I. , ten Brinke G.
Published: August 2013

Ordered planar morphologies in A-b-(B-b-A)2-b-C and (B-b-A)2-b-C terpolymer melts are studied within the framework of the self-consistent field theory for volume fractions of components A, B, and C in the ratio 1:1:2 and the Flory-Huggins interaction parameters satisfying χAB = 2χAC. The stable phases turn out to be the disordered, hexagonal, parallel lamellar-in-lamellar L∥ (including the simple lamellar) as well as non-shifted and shifted (L⊥ and SL⊥) perpendicular lamellar-in-lamellar morphologies. Depending on the value of the ratio r = ΘAB/ΘBC, where Θ is a characteristic temperature of the units involved, different sequences of phase transitions are shown to occur. The hexagonal phase is characteristic for r ≅ 1. The L⊥ and SL⊥ morphologies occur at weak and intermediate segregations whereas the L∥ morphology appears for stronger degrees of segregation. For (B-b-A)2-b-C a reduction in r favors the shifted SL⊥ phase over the non-shifted L⊥ one, whereas for A-b-(B-b-A)2-b-C we find re-entrant phase transitions SL⊥ − L⊥. The physics determining the particular phase behavior is discussed.
A note on the limiting mean distribution of singular values for products of two Wishart random matrices
Authors: Zhang Lun
Published: August 2013

The product of M complex random Gaussian matrices of size N has recently been studied by Akemann, Kieburg, and Wei. They showed that, for fixed M and N, the joint probability distribution for the squared singular values of the product matrix forms a determinantal point process with a correlation kernel determined by certain biorthogonal polynomials that can be explicitly constructed. We find that, in the case M = 2, the relevant biorthogonal polynomials are actually special cases of multiple orthogonal polynomials associated with Macdonald functions (modified Bessel functions of the second kind) which was first introduced by Van Assche and Yakubovich. With known results on asymptotic zero distribution of these polynomials and general theory on multiple orthogonal polynomial ensembles, it is then easy to obtain an explicit expression for the distribution of squared singular values for the product of two complex random Gaussian matrices in the limit of large matrix dimensions.
Mobilities of Li+-attached butanol isomers in He gas
Authors: Takahashi K. , Saito K. , Koizumi T. , Matoba S. , Kojima T. M. , Tanuma H. , Shiromaru H.
Published: August 2013

Mobilities of Li+-attached butanol isomers, (n-BuOH)Li+, (s-BuOH)Li+, (i-BuOH)Li+, and (t-BuOH)Li+, in helium gas were measured over a range of reduced electric fields (E/N = 25–96 Td) at room temperature. Arrival time measurements accurately identified small differences in the measured mobilities of the isomer ions. At low E/N (⩽30 Td, corresponding to a mean collision energy \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\bar{\varepsilon }\le 0.05$\end{document}ɛ¯≤0.05 eV), (n-BuOH)Li+ showed a mobility about 1.5% greater than that of the other ions, but at high E/N (⩾75 Td, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\bar{\varepsilon } \ge 0.1$\end{document}ɛ¯≥0.1 eV) its mobility was about 1.1% less.
Complex band structures of two dimensional phononic crystals: Analysis by the finite element method
Authors: Veres Istvan A. , Berer Thomas , Matsuda Osamu
Published: August 2013

In this work, the calculation of complex band structures of two-dimensional bulk phononic crystals (2DPCs) is discussed by the finite element method. A modification of the classical ω(k) approach—calculating the unknown frequencies for a real wave number—is modified to a k(ω) solution, which allows the evaluation of complex wave numbers for real frequencies. The dispersion relation of a 2DPC in a square lattice is presented and it is shown that the problem reduces to a polynomial eigenvalue problem with quadratic and quartic eigenvalue problems in the Γ−X−M−Γ directions. The developed method is applied for solid-vacuum PCs made of isotropic materials consisting cylindrical holes. Complex dispersion diagrams are calculated with various Poisson's ratios and the mode shapes of the propagating and the evanescent modes are presented. The significance of the complex bands is discussed.
Soft x-ray photoemission study of the thermal stability of the Al2O3/Ge (100) interface as a function of surface preparation
Authors: Chellappan Rajesh Kumar , Rao Gajula Durga , McNeill David , Hughes Greg
Published: August 2013

The high temperature thermal stability of ultra-thin atomic layer deposited Al2O3 on sulphur passivated and hydrofluoric acid (HF) treated germanium surfaces was studied using soft x-ray photoemission spectroscopy. The interface sulphur component was stable up to 500 °C vacuum annealing. The interfacial oxides were completely removed at 600 °C for the sulphur passivated sample, whereas HF treated sample showed traces of residual oxides at the interface. However, this annealing treatment does not show any significant change in Al2O3 stoichiometry. The dielectric-semiconductor band offsets were estimated using photoemission spectroscopy measurements.
A novel Cs-129Xe atomic spin gyroscope with closed-loop Faraday modulation
Authors: Fang Jiancheng , Wan Shuangai , Qin Jie , Zhang Chen , Quan Wei , Yuan Heng , Dong Haifeng
Published: August 2013

We report a novel Cs-129Xe atomic spin gyroscope (ASG) with closed-loop Faraday modulation method. This ASG requires approximately 30 min to start-up and 110 °C to operate. A closed-loop Faraday modulation method for measurement of the optical rotation was used in this ASG. This method uses an additional Faraday modulator to suppress the laser intensity fluctuation and Faraday modulator thermal induced fluctuation. We theoretically and experimentally validate this method in the Cs-129Xe ASG and achieved a bias stability of approximately 3.25 °/h.
Measurement of the spatio-temporal gas density profile of a supersonic jet
Authors: Rajeev R. , Raja S. V. , Madhu Trivikram T. , Rishad K. P. M. , Krishnamurthy M.
Published: August 2013

Supersonic jets are important for many experiments in physics, chemistry, and engineering sciences. Characterization of the density profile of the gas released from the nozzle is crucial for many applications and generally requires complicated measurements. A method that uses a common microphone to characterize the spatio-temporal gas profile of the supersonic jet is demonstrated here. Calibrating the microphone signals with the pressure change in the stagnation chamber, it is shown that it is possible to measure the complete density profile of the conical gas emission from the supersonic jet. It is shown that any conical section has a gaussian radial profile and that the peak densities decrease as 1/z′2, where z′ is the distance from the nozzle.
Inter-plane coupling and fluctuation induced conductivity analysis of Cu0.5Tl0.5Ba2Ca2−xYxCu3O10−δ superconductors
Authors: Abbas Saleem , Khan Nawazish A. , Hassan Najmul
Published: August 2013

Cu0.5Tl0.5Ba2Ca2−xYxCu3O10−δ (x = 0, 0.015, 0.025, 0.05) superconductors samples are synthesized at normal pressure. The influence of doped atoms on the superconductivity parameters is investigated by fluctuation induced conductivity analyses of conductivity data. These studies have shown increase in the inter-plane coupling J and coherence length ξc along the c-axis. A decrease in Bc0(T), Bc1(T), Jc(0) and increase in the values of κ, λp.d is observed. The widths of three dimensional conductivity regimes are enhanced whereas two dimensional conductivity regimes are significantly suppressed with the doping of Y+3 at the Ca+2 sites. These studies suggested that doping of Y+3 at Ca+2 improves the inter-plane coupling thereby inducing coherent movement of the carriers in various conducting CuO2 planes.
Bio-electrospraying of human mesenchymal stem cells: An alternative for tissue engineering
Authors: Braghirolli D. I. , Zamboni F. , Chagastelles P. C. , Moura D. J. , Saffi J. , Henriques J. A. P. , Pilger D. A. , Pranke P.
Published: August 2013

Bio-electrospraying (BES) is a technique used for the processing of cells and can be applied to tissue engineering. The association of BES with scaffold production techniques has been shown to be an interesting strategy for the production of biomaterials with cells homogeneously distributed in the entire structure. Various studies have evaluated the effects of BES on different cell types. However, until the present moment, no studies have evaluated the impact of BES time on mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Therefore, the aim of this work was to standardise the different parameters of BES (voltage, flow rate, and distance of the needle from the collecting plate) in relation to cell viability and then to evaluate the impact of BES time in relation to viability, proliferation, DNA damage, maintenance of plasticity and the immunophenotypic profile of MSC. Using 15 kV voltage, 0.46 ml/h flow rate and 4 cm distance, it was possible to form a stable and continuous jet of BES without causing a significant reduction in cell viability. Time periods between 15 and 60 min of BES did not cause alterations of viability, proliferation, plasticity, and immunophenotypic profile of the MSC. Time periods above 30 min of BES resulted in DNA damage; however, the DNA was able to repair itself within five hours. These results indicate that bio-electrospraying is an adequate technique for processing MSC which can be safely applied to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Quantum cascade laser intracavity absorption spectrometer for trace gas sensing
Authors: Muraviev A. V. , Maukonen D. E. , Fredricksen C. J. , Medhi Gautam , Peale R. E.
Published: August 2013

A mid-infrared intracavity laser absorption spectrometer for trace gas sensing is demonstrated. An external-cavity multi-mode quantum cascade laser with central wavelength 8.0 μm was combined with a scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer, which analyzed the change of the laser emission spectrum caused by introducing an analyte inside the cavity. The detection mechanism is based on monitoring the laser spectrum dynamics at adiabatically changing laser conditions in long pulse operation mode. Fast acquisition and vapor exchange allow nearly real-time analyte detection. Sensitivity at the level of 1 × 10−5 cm−1 was demonstrated based on a weak water vapor absorption line.
Low temperature electron transport spectroscopy of mechanically templated carbon nanotube single electron transistors
Authors: Stokes Paul , Islam Muhammad R. , Khondaker Saiful I.
Published: August 2013

We report electronic transport investigations of mechanically templated carbon nanotube single electron transistors (SETs). The devices were fabricated on a Si/SiO2 substrate by controllably placing individual single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) between the source and drain electrodes via dielectrophoresis with a 100 nm wide local Al/Al2O3 bottom gate in the middle. From the low temperature electronic transport measurements, we show that a quantum dot is formed whose charging energy can be tuned from 10 to 90 meV by varying both the local gate and Si backgate. The temperature dependent measurements show that the Coulomb oscillations persist up to 250 K. The transport properties can be explained by a simple potential configuration, which suggests that two tunnel barriers are formed due to the bending of the SWNT at the local gate edges and that the size of the dot and tunnel barrier transparency can be tuned by the gates allowing the operation of SET in a wide temperature range and thereby realizing a controllable and tunable SET. Our simple fabrication technique and its tunability over a large temperature range could facilitate large scale fabrication of SET for practical applications.
Laser ablation of iron: A comparison between femtosecond and picosecond laser pulses
Authors: Shaheen M. E. , Gagnon J. E. , Fryer B. J.
Published: August 2013

In this study, a comparison between femtosecond (fs) and picosecond (ps) laser ablation of electrolytic iron was carried out in ambient air. Experiments were conducted using a Ti:sapphire laser that emits radiation at 785 nm and at pulse widths of 110 ps and 130 fs, before and after pulse compression, respectively. Ablation rates were calculated from the depth of craters produced by multiple laser pulses incident normally to the target surface. Optical and scanning electron microscopy showed that picosecond laser pulses create craters that are deeper than those created by the same number of femtosecond laser pulses at the same fluence. Most of the ablated material was ejected from the ablation site in the form of large particles (few microns in size) in the case of picosecond laser ablation, while small particles (few hundred nanometers) were produced in femtosecond laser ablation. Thermal effects were apparent at high fluence in both femtosecond and picosecond laser ablation, but were less prevalent at low fluence, closer to the ablation threshold of the material. The quality of craters produced by femtosecond laser ablation at low fluence is better than those created at high fluence or using picosecond laser pulses.
Indications of short minority-carrier lifetime in kesterite solar cells
Authors: Repins I. L. , Moutinho H. , Choi S. G. , Kanevce A. , Kuciauskas D. , Dippo P. , Beall C. L. , Carapella J. , DeHart C. , Huang B. , Wei S. H.
Published: August 2013

Solar cells based on kesterite absorbers consistently show lower voltages than those based on chalcopyrites with the same bandgap. We use three different experimental methods and associated data analysis to determine minority-carrier lifetime in a 9.4%-efficient Cu2ZnSnSe4 device. The methods are cross-sectional electron-beam induced current, quantum efficiency, and time-resolved photoluminescence. These methods independently indicate minority-carrier lifetimes of a few nanoseconds. A comparison of current-voltage measurements and device modeling suggests that these short minority-carrier lifetimes cause a significant limitation on the voltage produced by the device. The comparison also implies that low minority-carrier lifetime alone does not account for all voltage loss in these devices.
Magneto-thermopower and magnetoresistance of single Co-Ni alloy nanowires
Authors: Böhnert Tim , Vega Victor , Michel Ann-Kathrin , Prida Victor M. , Nielsch Kornelius
Published: August 2013

The magneto-thermopower is measured and correlated to the anisotropic magnetoresistance of Co-Ni alloyed nanowires with varying composition. The highest absolute and relative variation of the Seebeck coefficient in perpendicularly applied magnetic fields at room temperature is determined to be 1.5 μVK−1 for Co0.24Ni0.76 and 8.1% for Co0.39Ni0.61 nanowires. Power factors of 3.7 mW/mK2 have been achieved, which is competitive with common thermoelectric materials like Bi2Te3. For Co-Ni nanowires containing up to 39% Co, a linear relationship between the magnetic field dependent change of the Seebeck coefficient and the electrical conductivity is found.
Normally-off HfO2-gated diamond field effect transistors
Authors: Liu J. W. , Liao M. Y. , Imura M. , Koide Y.
Published: August 2013

A normally-off hydrogenated-diamond (H-diamond) field effect transistor (FET) using a HfO2 gate oxide is demonstrated. The HfO2 gate oxide has a bilayer structure which is fabricated by a sputter-deposition (SD) technique on a thin buffer layer prepared by an atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique. The role of the ALD-HfO2 is found to prevent deterioration of the H-diamond surface by the SD process. The leakage current density of the SD-HfO2/ALD-HfO2/H-diamond structure is smaller than 1.1 × 10−4 A cm−2 at gate voltages from −9.0 to 2.0 V. The capacitance-voltage characteristic shows that fixed and trapped charge densities are low enough to operate the FET. The HfO2-gated FET has p-type channel and complete normally-off characteristics. The drain-source current maximum, threshold voltage, extrinsic transconductance maximum, and effective mobility of the FET with gate length of 4 μm are −37.6 mA mm−1, −1.3 ± 0.1 V, 11.2 ± 0.1 mS mm−1, and 38.7 ± 0.5 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively.
Feather-like He plasma plumes in surrounding N2 gas
Authors: Xian Y. B. , Zou D. D. , Lu X. P. , Pan Y. , Ostrikov K.
Published: August 2013

Effects of surrounding gases on the propagation of room-temperature atmospheric-pressure plasma jets are reported. A highly unusual feather-like plasma plume is observed only when N2 is used as surrounding gas. The He concentration on the axis at the starting point of the feather-like plume is ∼0.85 of the maximum value and is independent on the He flow rates. High-speed optical imaging reveals that dim diffuse plasmas emerge just behind the bright head of the plasma bullet at the starting point of the feather-like plume. These results help tailoring surface exposure in emerging applications of plasma jets in medicine and nanotechnology.
Numerical solutions of coupled Burgers’ equations by an implicit finite-difference scheme
Authors: Srivastava Vineet K. , Singh Sarita , Awasthi Mukesh K.
Published: August 2013

In this paper, an implicit exponential finite-difference scheme (Expo FDM) has been proposed for solving two dimensional nonlinear coupled viscous Burgers’ equations (VBEs) with appropriate initial and boundary conditions. The accuracy of the method has been illustrated by taking two numerical examples. Results are compared with exact solution and those already available in the literature by finding the L1, L2, L∞ and ER errors. Excellent numerical results indicate that the proposed scheme is efficient, reliable and robust technique for the numerical solutions of Burgers’ equation.
Wavelength tunable photoluminescence of ZnO1-xSx alloy thin films grown by reactive sputtering
Authors: Xu Hongbin , Zhu Liping , Jiang Jie , Cai Hui , Chen Wenfeng , Hu Liang , Guo Yanmin , Ye Zhizhen
Published: August 2013

ZnO1−xSx alloy thin films with various S contents were deposited on glass substrates by reactive sputtering. The films were grown in high crystalline quality and strong preferential crystallographic orientation. Variations of the lattice constant c followed Vegard's law. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the substitution of O by S in ZnO. The composition dependence of the band gap energy in ZnO1−xSx system was investigated and the band gap bowing parameter was estimated to be about 1.46 eV. The incorporation of S led to the expected redshift of the band gap related photoluminescence emission of ZnO1−xSx films up to 320 meV. The results indicate that ZnO1−xSx films could hold the prospect for the development of ZnO based quantum structures.
Design of a high-power, high-gain, 2nd harmonic, 22.848 GHz gyroklystron
Authors: Veale M. , Purohit P. , Lawson W.
Published: August 2013

In this paper we consider the design of a four-cavity, high-gain K-band gyroklystron experiment for high gradient structure testing. The frequency doubling gyroklystron utilizes a beam voltage of 500 kV and a beam current of 200 A from a magnetron injection gun (MIG) originally designed for a lower-frequency device. The microwave circuit features input and gain cavities in the circular TE011 mode and penultimate and output cavities that operate at the second harmonic in the TE021 mode. We investigate the MIG performance and study the behavior of the circuit for different values of perpendicular to parallel velocity ratio (α = V⊥ / Vz). This microwave tube is expected to be able to produce at least 20 MW of power in 1μs pulses at a repetition rate of at least 120 Hz. A maximum efficiency of 26% and a large signal gain of 58 dB under zero-drive stable conditions were simulated for a velocity ratio equal to 1.35.
Architectural Enthusiasm: Visiting Buildings with the Twentieth Century Society
Authors: Craggs Ruth , Geoghegan Hilary , Neate Hannah
Published: August 2013

In this paper we put forward the concept of architectural enthusiasm—a collective passion and shared emotional affiliation for buildings and architecture. Through this concept and empirical material based on participation in the architectural tours of The Twentieth Century Society (a UK-based architectural conservation group), we contribute to recent work on the built environment and geographies of architecture in three ways: first, we reinforce the importance of emotion to people's engagements with buildings, emphasising the shared and practised nature of these engagements; second, we highlight the role of architectural enthusiasts as agents with the potential to shape and transform the built environment; and third, we make connections between (seemingly) disparate engagements with buildings through a continuum of practice incorporating urbex, local history, architectural practice and training, and mass architectural tourism. Unveiling these continuities has important implications for future research into the built environment, highlighting the need to take emotion seriously in all sorts of professional as well as enthusiastic encounters with buildings, and unsettling the categories of amateur and expert within architectural practices.
A new genus for Chlorodiella longimana (H. Milne Edwards) supported by morphology and molecular data, with a preliminary phylogeny of the Chlorodiellinae (Crustacea : Decapoda : Xanthidae)
Authors: Lasley Robert M. , Lai Joelle C. Y. , Thoma Brent P.
Published: August 2013

Chlorodiella longimana is the only chlorodielline species presently known from the western Atlantic Ocean. Although C. longimana superficially resembles other species of the genus in general appearance of the carapace, morphological analyses revealed a suite of characters that separate it from all other known species of Chlorodiella – in particular, ambulatory legs having dactyli with a single tip and a basal antennal segment with a lateral flange that extends halfway into the orbital hiatus, excluding the antennal flagellum. In addition, a phylogenetic analysis of the Chlorodiellinae inferred from three mitochondrial markers (12S, 16S, COXI) and a nuclear marker (histone H3), confirms that C. longimana is genetically distinct from its congeners. A new genus, Ratha, is proposed to accommodate C. longimana. In addition, a phylogenetic analysis of six chlorodielline genera indicates that the subfamily is polyphyletic as presently defined.
Le choix du marqueur de négation dans l’expression du contraste
Authors: Mignon Françoise
Published: August 2013

This article gives an account of the specificity of competing uses of pas and non (pas) in corrective sequences of the [Neg X (mais) Y] or [X (mais) Neg Y] types. With respect to the corresponding properties of negation markers, we show that there are, indeed, two clauses, even if they are averbal ones, in corrective sequences. And we also show that the choice of the marker is related to the syntactic and pragmatic relation between these two clauses: the use of pas marks an enunciative coordination, whereas non (pas), specialized in expressing contrast, marks an enunciative subordination. The use of the latter is more constrained as it underlines, in the sentence where it occurs, a conflicting link between the syntactic level and the enunciative organization.
Generalizaciones y evidencialidad en español
Authors: Fernández Susana S.
Published: August 2013

Normally, European languages are considered to express evidentiality only by lexical means, while numerous non-Indo-European languages present specific grammatical items which function as evidential markers. In recent years, numerous studies have pointed out the existence of evidential markers in various Indo-European languages, included Spanish. This article intends to be another contribution to the study of evidentiality in Spanish.

My claim is that generalizations expressed with the particle se, on the one hand, and generalizing constructions with uno, 2nd person singular and 3rd person plural, on the other hand, contrast with each other in terms of evidentiality. While the latter constructions express a generalization based on the speaker’s personal experience, the se-construction refers to established rules or hearsay.
Sobre la particular similitud de los neutros español y noruego
Authors: Martínez López Juan A. , Jørgensen Annette Myre
Published: August 2013

The Spanish particle lo can appear in three different syntactic structures which are described in this paper. Depending on the structure in which it is inserted, lo can have three different functions: pronoun, intensifier and emphatic particle/element.

At the same time, the Norwegian definite neutrum particle det is analysed, in order to see to what extent the Norwegian det covers the three functions the Spanish lo can have.
Lo consciente del inconsciente en el Primer Vargas Llosa
Authors: Cifuentes-Aldunate Claudio
Published: August 2013

In this article I try to demonstrate Mario Vargas Llosa’s precocious abilities as author in the first short stories he wrote at nineteen-twenty years of age. My particular focus will be on the consciousness from the unconscious in the creative process of this author. There is an implicit presence of Freud’s lectures in Vargas Llosa’s early production, but my analysis will also touch upon the problem of the unconsciousness of the unconscious, primarily in two short stories from the book Los jefes: “El hermano menor” and “El abuelo”.
Los nombres de color del español
Authors: García-Page Mario
Published: August 2013

Colour terms in Spanish are a heterogeneous and large set in origin and morphology: there are basic colour terms, which can function as adjectives or nouns (verde, blanco, azul, rojo…) and secondary colour terms with a binary structure N1(+basic colour)-N2(object/proper name) (verde esmeralda, blanco hueso, azul cielo, rojo Corintio…), as well as referential terms, which refer primarily to a physical object in which colour is a prominent feature (naranja, granate, lila, carmín…). Finally, there is a set of colour terms which can only function as adjectives by means of adjectival suffixation (verdoso, blancuzco, azulino, rojizo…). Such diversity brings about variable behaviour in identification tests (such as Este color es el + N – This colour is + N) as well as in grammatical tests (derivation, quantification, etc.).
Déterminants et noms de pays en français contemporain
Authors: Anscombre Jean-Claude , Flament Danièle
Published: August 2013

This article deals with the particular function of feminine proper nouns as names of countries. Unlike masculine nouns, these often do not need the definite article: le président (de l’Italie/du Chili) vs la reine (du Danemark/de Suède), habiter (en France/au Danemark). Many explanations have been suggested: morphological ones (nouns ending in -e or beginning with a vowel), lexical ones (archaisms) or semantics ones (the presence/absence of a definite article conveying different sorts of locative meanings). None of these are completely satisfactory, however. In fact, proper nouns as names of countries may be considered as a sub-class of a locative noun-class which includes common nouns. These exhibit the same linguistic properties when their referent is unique: au ciel/en enfer, au printemps/en automne. Our assumption is that the en/dans opposition between activities and locations (être en prison/dans la prison) pervaded the en/à opposition. We shall establish that these constructions are phrases with a zero article and have semantic and syntactic properties associated with the meaning of specific activity. The consequence is that locative proper nouns cannot be considered as rigid designators. They have the same status as common nouns and can convey the persistent symbolic power of myths. This explains why the French say en juillet faucille au poignet, July being the harvest month, and why they speak of pêcheurs d’Islande not to refer to Islandic fishers but to the legend of cod-fishing in ancient times.
Les composés français VN — aspects sémantiques
Authors: Rosenberg Maria
Published: August 2013

This study addresses the semantics of French VN compounds within a lexeme-based and lexicalistic approach to morphology. The N constituent can correspond to one of the two semantic macroroles: PATIENT (ouvre-boîte) or ACTOR (croque-monsieur). In addition, there is a special type of unproductive VN compound in which the N is a hyperonym of the hyponym compound (gratte-boësse). The study confirms that there are no strict constraints on the V and the N: the four Aktionsarten, as well as unaccusative and inergative Vs, are accepted. Moreover, it shows that the compounds are formed by different semantic patterns : Agent/Experiencer, Instrument, Locative, Causative, Event and Patient/Theme. The Agent/Experiencer and Instrument patterns in which the N is a PATIENT are the most productive ones.
La néologie expressive et onomatopéique dans l’étymologie du français
Authors: Quentel Gilles
Published: August 2013

It is generally well-accepted that, in every language, a significant amount of unknown etymologies can be explained by the means of “echoism”, which states that a historically unexplained word can be of onomatopoeic origins.

This paper objects to the theory in general, taking the particular case of French to illustrate its drifts. It aims at demonstrating that most onomatopeic or “expressive” related etymologies are speculative, unattested and based upon very thin argumentation. It proposes other ways to undertake the search for etymologies of French words.
Michel de Montaigne : Du Discours sur la mort de La Boétie aux Essais
Authors: Geiger Marion , Monnin Luc
Published: August 2013

Montaigne prefaces the works of Etienne de la Boétie with a letter that Montaigne supposedly wrote shortly after the sudden death of his friend, whose last enigmatic words to Montaigne were: “make a place for me”. A close examination of the intertexts and rhetoric of the letter reveals that it can be read as a failed attempt by Montaigne to respond to his friend’s wish. The letter, indeed, fails to offer a true literary place to his friend who ceased to be a privileged addressee or reader, to become an absent object of discourse mentioned in the third person. Montaigne will try to “make a place” for his dead friend elsewhere, while writing his Essais, by developing a polyphonic mode of writing functioning as a substitute to the lost friendship. It will be argued that in the Essais, friendship, more that a mere content of discourse, becomes a form of expression.
Pinocchio e l’evoluzione
Authors: Hagen Margareth
Published: August 2013

The first chapters of Carlo Collodi’s Pinocchio were printed in 1881, the same year as the publication of the novel I Malavoglia, Giovanni Verga’s masterpiece of verismo. While every critical reader of Verga’s realism has pointed out his particular narrative interpretation of evolution, Collodi’s has novel very seldom been connected to the theories of evolution, even if Darwin’s ideas were highly present in the public debate in Florence during the last decades of the 19th century. The reasons for this silence are primarily to be found in the genre of Pinocchio, in the fact that it is children literature, and therefore primarily related to the narrative mechanisms of the fairy tales and pedagogical literature. Focusing on Pinocchio, the article discusses to which degree Darwinism can be traced in Collodi’s literature for children, and questions if the continuous metamorphoses of Pinocchio can be read also in connection with the naturalist conception of the literary characters as unstable, in continuous evolution, and not only as part of the mechanisms of fairy tales and mythological narratives.
Da un metagrido a un grido
Authors: Killander Carla Cariboni
Published: August 2013

The article focuses on a case of rewriting of a short episode in the narrative of Erri De Luca. It is all about a cry: in 1930, in the harbour of Naples, an anonymous woman who is watching the departure of a ship suddenly cries out the name of Salvatore, probably her son being on the ship to emigrate to America. This episode, narrated in the tale “Udito: un grido” first published 1993, returns with striking lexical similarities in the drama L’Ultimo viaggio di Sindbad, 2003. Despite the similarities, one can not consider the second occurrence as a mere copy of the first, because of subtle variations on many levels: change of genre, narrator and perspective give the second occurrence of the cry episode a wider significance, strongly emphazising orality and actualizing a mythical dimension.
Les sentiers de la mémoire ou comment découvrir la silhouette de Proust dans l’œuvre de Modiano.
Authors: Mañes Montserrat Serrano
Published: August 2013

The influence of La Recherche du Temps perdu by Proust can be felt in many current French writers. His style, as well as his various elements, have had many followers who have focused on some aspects of the proustian work. One of those writers is Patrick Modiano. The memories of the Occupation period, which Modiano didn’t witness himself, but he feels he belongs to, hover over his work, sometimes clearly, sometimes in a more subtle way. All this creates an atmosphere that we can consider « proustian » and that reaffirms itself when we see how his most important topics are memory, time and oblivion. This is particularly evident in Livret de Famille, where he at times keeps obvious similarities with, and at times far and clear echoes of Proust.
The Effects of Pulse Pressure from Seismic Water Gun Technology on Northern Pike
Authors: Gross Jackson A. , Irvine Kathryn M. , Wilmoth Siri , Wagner Tristany L. , Shields Patrick A. , Fox Jeffrey R.
Published: August 2013

We examined the efficacy of sound pressure pulses generated from a water gun for controlling invasive Northern Pike Esox lucius. Pulse pressures from two sizes of water guns were evaluated for their effects on individual fish placed at a predetermined random distance. Fish mortality from a 5,620.8‐cm3 water gun (peak pressure source level = 252 dB referenced to 1 μP at 1 m) was assessed every 24 h for 168 h, and damage (intact, hematoma, or rupture) to the gas bladder, kidney, and liver was recorded. The experiment was replicated with a 1,966.4‐cm3 water gun (peak pressure source level = 244 dB referenced to 1 μP at 1 m), but fish were euthanized immediately. The peak sound pressure level (SPLpeak), peak‐to‐peak sound pressure level (SPLp‐p), and frequency spectrums were recorded, and the cumulative sound exposure level (SELcum) was subsequently calculated. The SPLpeak, SPLp‐p, and SELcum were correlated, and values varied significantly by treatment group for both guns. Mortality increased and organ damage was greater with decreasing distance to the water gun. Mortality (31%) by 168 h was only observed for Northern Pike exhibiting the highest degree of organ damage. Mortality at 72 h and 168 h postexposure was associated with increasing SELcum above 195 dB. The minimum SELcum calculated for gas bladder rupture was 199 dB recorded at 9 m from the 5,620.8‐cm3 water gun and 194 dB recorded at 6 m from the 1,966.4‐cm3 water gun. Among Northern Pike that were exposed to the large water gun, 100% of fish exposed at 3 and 6 m had ruptured gas bladders, and 86% exposed at 9 m had ruptured gas bladders. Among fish that were exposed to pulse pressures from the smaller water gun, 78% exhibited gas bladder rupture. Results from these initial controlled experiments underscore the potential of water guns as a tool for controlling Northern Pike.
Contemporary Population Structure in Klamath River Basin Chinook Salmon Revealed by Analysis of Microsatellite Genetic Data
Authors: Kinziger Andrew P. , Hellmair Michael , Hankin David G. , Garza John Carlos
Published: August 2013

Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha exhibit substantial population genetic structure at multiple scales. Although geography is generally more important than life history, particularly migration and run timing, for describing genetic structure in Chinook Salmon, there are several exceptions to this general pattern, and hatchery supplementation has altered natural genetic structure in some areas. Given that genetic structure of Chinook Salmon is often basin‐specific, we assessed genetic variation of 27 microsatellite loci in geographically and temporally distinct natural populations and hatchery stocks in the Klamath River basin, California. Multiple analyses support recognition of three major genetic lineages from separate geographic regions in the Klamath River basin: the lower basin, the Klamath River, and the Trinity River. The lower basin group was sharply distinct, but populations in the Klamath and Trinity river lineages were connected by processes that can be described by a one‐dimensional, linear, stepping‐stone model where gene exchange occurred primarily, but not exclusively, between adjacent populations. Genetic structure by migration timing was also evident, although divergences among populations that differed by migration timing only were fewer than those observed between geographic regions. Distinct run‐timing ecotypes in the Klamath River basin thus appear to have evolved independently through a process of parallel evolution. Introgressive pressure from the hatchery stocks into natural populations was attenuated by distance from the hatchery, but comparison of historical population genetic structure to contemporary patterns would be needed to fully evaluate the extent to which hatchery stocks may have altered natural genetic structure.
Impact of Change to Molecular Testing for Clostridium difficile Infection on Healthcare Facility–Associated Incidence Rates
Authors: Moehring Rebekah W. , Lofgren Eric T. , Anderson Deverick J.
Published: August 2013

Background.

Change from nonmolecular to molecular testing techniques is thought to contribute to the increasing trend in incidence of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI); however the degree of effect attributed to this versus other time-related epidemiologic factors is unclear.

Methods.

We compared the relative change in incidence rate (IRR) of healthcare facility–associated (HCFA) CDI among hospitals in the Duke Infection Control Outreach Network before and after the date of switch from nonmolecular tests to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using prospectively collected surveillance data from July 2009 to December 2011. Data from 10 hospitals that switched and 22 control hospitals were included. Individual hospital estimates were determined using Poisson regression. We used an interrupted time series approach to develop a Poisson mixed-effects model. Additional regression adjustments were made for clustering and proportion of intensive care unit patient-days. The variable for PCR was treated as a fixed effect; other modeled variables were random effects.

Results.

For those hospitals that switched to PCR, mean incidence rate of HCFA CDI before the switch was 6.0 CDIs per 10,000 patient-days compared with 9.6 CDIs per 10,000 patient-days after the switch. Estimates of hospital-specific IRR that compared after the switch with before the switch ranged from 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.32–2.44) to 6.91 (95% CI, 1.12–42.54). After adjustment in the mixed-effects model, the overall IRR comparing CDI incidence after the switch to before the switch was 1.56 (95% CI, 1.28–1.90). Time-trend variables did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusion.

Hospitals that switched from nonmolecular to molecular tests experienced an approximate 56% increase in the rate of HCFA CDI after testing change.
Healthcare Epidemiology Practicum Rotation for Postgraduate Physician Trainees in Medicine–Infectious Diseases
Authors: Sreeramoju Pranavi , Fernandez-Rojas Maria Eva
Published: August 2013

Practicum education in healthcare epidemiology and infection control (HEIC) for postgraduate physician trainees in infectious diseases is necessary to prepare them to be future participants and leaders in patient safety. Voss et al suggested that training in HEIC should be offered as a “common trunk” for physicians being trained in clinical microbiology or infectious diseases. A 1-month rotation has been recommended previously. A survey by Joiner et al indicated that only 50% of infectious diseases fellows found the infection control training adequate. The objective of this article is to report our 2-year experience with a 1-month practicum rotation we designed and implemented at our institution.

The setting is the Adult Infectious Diseases fellowship program at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, Texas. The fellows have clinical rotations at the Parkland Health and Hospital System, UTSW University hospitals, North Texas Veterans Affairs Health Care System, and Children's Medical Center Dallas. The 2-year program recruits 7 fellows every 2 years. The 1-month core rotation was established in July 2011 and is ongoing. Fellows who completed the rotation during the period July 2011 to April 2013 are included in this study.