bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kronika domu Księży Misjonarzy św. Wincentego a Paulo we Lwowie (1939-1946) jako źródło do dziejów Polski i Kościoła katolickiego w Małopolsce Wschodniej. Edycja żródła
Authors: Chajko Grzegorz
Published: January 2023

Niniejszy artykuł jest edycją źródłową fragmentu kroniki domu księży misjonarzy we Lwowie, obejmującego lata 1939-1946. Kronikarz, ks. Stanisław Kałężny, niemal z dzienną dokładnością przybliżył wydarzenia, jakie rozgrywały się na przestrzeni tych lat w Małopolsce Wschodniej, a zwłaszcza we Lwowie. Swoją uwagę skupił przede wszystkim na życiu miejscowej misjonarskiej społeczności zakonnej, problemach związanych z budową kościoła parafialnego p.w. św. Wincentego a Paulo oraz na szeroko rozumianej polityce okupantów: sowieckich i niemieckich. Nie pominął też problemu ratowania Żydów przez księży misjonarzy podczas rządów niemieckich we Lwowie (1941-1944). Dopełnieniem traumatycznych wydarzeń związanych z II wojną światową są obszerne opisy z 1945 i 1946 roku, ukazujące życie miejscowych Polaków, sióstr zakonnych oraz duchowieństwa rzymskokatolickiego, zmuszanych przez Sowietów do opuszczenia miasta i przeniesienia się w granice powstającej Polski Ludowej. Dzięki omawianemu dokumentowi poznajemy nie tylko samą faktografię w układzie chronologicznym, ale także mamy niepowtarzalną okazję towarzyszyć występującym postaciom, śledząc ich osobiste przeżycia oraz poznając ich losy, także powojenne.
Małe Seminarium Księży Misjonarzy w Wilnie w okresie międzywojennym
Authors: Bałuka Tomasz
Published: January 2023

Artykuł prezentuje dzieje Małego Seminarium prowadzonego przez Księży Misjonarzy we Wilnie w okresie międzywojennym. Ta instytucja swymi początkami sięga czasów św. Wincentego a Paulo żyjącego w XVII w. W Polsce pierwsze Małe Seminaria prowadzone przez misjonarzy pojawiły się dopiero w czasie zaborów na początku XIX wieku w prowincji litewskiej misjonarzy. W prowincji krakowskiej misjonarzy takie Małe Seminarium utworzono w 1878 r. W latach 20tych XX w. o miejsce w Małym Seminarium ubiegało się bardzo dużo kandydatów, dlatego misjonarze podjęli decyzję, aby od roku szkolnego 1924/25 uruchomić w Wilnie drugie tego typu seminarium. Miało ono jednocześnie rozładować tłok w krakowskim zakładzie misjonarskim oraz ułatwić dostęp do nauki uczniom z terenów wschodniej Polski. Małe Seminarium Księży Misjonarzy było prywatnym zakładem naukowym, w którym kształciła się młodzież, pragnąca w większości poświecić się stanowi duchownemu. Zakład ten obejmował cztery niższe klasy szkoły średniej, według programu nauk gimnazjów państwowych typu klasycznego. Uczniowie odbywając edukację w tym zakładzie naukowym pod wpływem przełożonych rozeznawali swoje powołanie i zdatność do poświęcenia się pracy w Zgromadzeniu poprzez podejmowanie w przyszłości misji i pracy formacyjnej w diecezjalnych seminariach duchownych. Inni poprzez naukę w męskim gimnazjum zgromadzenia korzystali z wszechstronnego rozwoju jaki gwarantowała szkoła, aby w ten sposób przygotować się do życia w społeczeństwie lub podjąć wyższe studia na uczelniach, obierając różne kierunki w procesie zdobywania wiedzy.
Des spécificités articulatoires du français : du diagnostic à la gymnastique
Authors: LESVIGNES Loïc
Published: January 2023

Articulatory Specificities of French: From Diagnosis to Gymnastics

ABSTRACT: The teaching of French as foreign language (FFL) and its derivatives allows the phonetic linguist to develop an interesting approach based on the constitution of types of phonetic difficulties. From small group basic pronunciation exercises, we propose a protocol to develop real "personalized programs" so that the learner can finally tackle his difficulties in a safe and rewarding way. This protocol begins with a diagnosis and ends with the realization of personalized exercises of articulatory gymnastics.

RÉSUMÉ : L'enseignement du français langue étrangère (FLE) et de ses dérivés permet au linguiste phonétique de développer une approche intéressante basée sur la constitution de types de difficultés phonétiques. À partir d'exercices de prononciation de base en petits groupes, nous proposons un protocole pour élaborer de véritables "programmes personnalisés" afin que l'apprenant puisse enfin aborder ses difficultés de manière sûre et gratifiante. Ce protocole commence par un diagnostic et se termine par la réalisation d'exercices personnalisés de gymnastique articulatoire.
Les mots d’emprunt d’origine Espagnole dans le parler Oranais
Authors: DÍAZ OTI Virginia
Published: January 2023

Loanwords of Spanish Origin in the Oranese Dialect

ABSTRACT: The speech spoken in Oran shows a remarkable number of Spanish borrowings due to its strong contact with Spanish population along the centuries. This contact initially took place in 903, when the first Andalusians reached the Oran coast. After that, this Algerian city received in 1492 the Hispano- Muslim refugees and Sephardic Jews who were exiled from Al-Andalus, and a second expulsions wave in 1609. But, maybe, the Spanish occupation between 1509 and 1791 along with the development of a lingua franca used by sailors in the Mediterranean basin between XV-XVIII centuries were the most influential events on the Oran vernacular language. The contact remained with the new refugees and exiles arrival due to Spanish Civil war (1936-1939). Nowadays, the link between both Spanish and Algerian people is even strong and these borrowings, which include different fields, are fully integrated into the familiar and formal levels of the speech of both the young and old generations. This paper aims to make an analysis of the phonetic, morphological and semantic changes of many borrowings of Spanish origin presents today in the Oran speech as well as their classification and usages.

RÉSUMÉ: Suite à l’arrivée à Oran des premiers Andalous en 903, aux deux grandes vagues de réfugiés hispano-musulmans et juifs séfarades en 1492 et en 1609, à l’occupation espagnole dès 1509 jusqu’à 1791, à la nouvelle arrivée des exilés et refugiés après la Guerre Civile espagnole (qui finit en 1939), et compte tenu de la naissance de la lingua franca partagée entre les marins et commerçants méditerranéens entre les siècles XV-XVIII, on peut de nos jours trouver de mots d’emprunt d’origine espagnol dans les différents registres du parler oranais. Ces mots tiennent sa place autant chez les jeunes que chez les usagers âgés, étant donné par ailleurs que le contact entre les deux peuples reste aujourd’hui encore vivant. Leurs usages et leurs changements phonétiques, morphologiques et sémantiques, qui méritent des recherches plus approfondies, sont l’objet de cette modeste étude.
الترجمة والتنوع الثقافي في الجزائر
Authors: SEHABA Kheira
Published: January 2023

Translation and Cultural Diversity in Algeria

ABSTRACT: This study compares the cultural and linguistic situation between the European Union and Algeria, and identifies the role of translation in the face of current challenges. It examines how both parties deal with globalization, particularly the European strategy in this field. The aim of this study is to activate the role of translation and highlight its importance. In today's globalized world, local translators need to be familiar with global terms such as dialogue of civilizations, cultural dialogue, multilingualism, protection of environmental, linguistic, and cultural diversity, and cultural expression.

الملخص: تقيم هذه الدراسة مقارنة بين الوضع الثقافي واللغوي في الاتحاد الأوروبي والوضع الثقافي واللغوي في الجزائر وتحديد دور الترجمة في ظل التحديات الراهنة وكيف تعامل كلا الطرفين مع العولمة بتحديد الاستراتيجية الأوروبية في هذا المجال، في محاولة لاستجلاء ملامح استراتيجية الترجمة في الجزائر، وحدود المتوفر ثقافيا لحل مشكل المتعذر الثقافي وقت الترجمة. وإن هدف هذه الدراسة هو تفعيل دور الترجمة وابراز أهميتها، فالعالم اليوم يعيش عولمة ثقافية، وعلى المترجم المحلي أني كون على دراية بمصطلحات عالمية: كحوار الحضارات، حوار الثقافات، التعدد اللغوي، وحماية التنوع البيئي، واللغوي، والتعبير الثقافي.
La cultura morisca y su importancia en el desarrollo de Argelia Del siglo XVII
Authors: BARA Mohammed Tayeb
Published: January 2023

The Moorish Culture and Its Importance in The Development of Algeria in The 17th Century

ABSTRACT: In Algeria of the seventeenth century, agriculture took on a new characteristic with the new products imported by the Moriscos expelled. They brought with them new techniques of land use and irrigation very useful for a healthy lifestyle not only for men but also for plants. So, the Moriscos applied these new techniques to all levels of the urban and suburban economy. The installation of these deportees in Algiers allowed the construction of water sources. Therefore, handicrafts had a very important role in the major cities of central Maghreb. The Moorish craftsmen dominated the techniques of the fine ceramics of Andalusia; they were expensive and appreciated products. These pieces were useful for several sectors. This tradition continued on their arrival in the Central Maghreb. The Moriscos advanced in the exploitation of silk; a specialty that existed for centuries in Hispanic lands, Spanish and Algerian cities compete in the production of silk. They completely changed the trade policy in Algiers, introducing new buying and selling systems. The Moriscans quickly integrated with the citizens of the coastal towns inside the central Maghreb where they settled, they were welcomed by the local population, and these traits remain in our traditions and in conservative societies such as Tlemcen, Mostaganem, Blida, Cherchell, Algiers and Bejaia, until today they are still in use.

RESUMEN: En la Argelia del siglo XVII, la agricultura tomó una nueva cara con los productos nuevos que trajeron con ellos los moriscos expulsados de España tras la Reconquista. Esos llegaron con nuevas formas de trabajar la tierra y con técnicas de riego muy útiles para una buena higiene de vida no sólo para los humanos, sino también para las plantas lo que muestra que los moriscos se aplicaron en todos los niveles de la economía urbana y suburbana. La artesanía tuvo, a su vez, un papel muy importante en las grandes urbes del Magreb central. Los artesanos moriscos dominaban las técnicas de las cerámicas finas de Al Ándalus, consideradas productos caros y apreciados. Sus piezas eran aptas para muchos usos, técnica que continuaron aplicando a su llegada a tierras del Magreb Central.  Sin embargo, los moriscos destacaron más en el trabajo de la seda, actividad que siguieron desarrollando en sus nuevos destinos, hasta llegar a competir las ciudades argelinas con las españolas en este dominio. Cambiaron totalmente el sentido del comercio en Argel introduciendo nuevos hábitos de compra y venta de productos. Los moriscos se integraron de distintas maneras según las urbes donde se instalaron. En las ciudades del litoral centro magrebí y algunas del interior no muy alejadas del mar, les acogieron muy bien y adoptaron muchas de sus prácticas. Dichas prácticas perduraron y siguen presentes en la sociedad argelina actual sobre todo en ciudades como Tremecén, Mostaganem, Blida, Cherchel, Argel o Bujía.
Quelle dimension culturelle dans l’enseignement/apprentissage du français à l’université algérienne ?
Authors: BENDREF Laïla
Published: January 2023

What Cultural Dimension in the Teaching/Learning of French at Algerian Universities?

ABSTRACT: At the Algerian university, in particular in didactics of French, several branches and diverse naming invaded the ground: FLE, FOS, FOU, etc. Naming which weave around a common element that is French "F". The first foreign language installed for a long time in Algeria but she is always in question regarding education and regarding learning. In fact, we can speak about cultural interbreeding in the face of students/learners in trouble annoying in French? Thus, that we do have to face this complex reality, in the face of these naming in harmony in official texts but often in conflicts on the ground?

RÉSUMÉ: À l’université algérienne, notamment en didactique du français, plusieurs branches et diverses appellations ont envahi le terrain : FLE, FOS, FOU, etc. Des appellations qui se tissent autour d’un élément commun qu’est le français "F". La première langue étrangère installée depuis longtemps en Algérie mais elle est toujours en question en matière d’enseignement et d’apprentissage. En fait, nous ne pouvons pas nier que plusieurs recherches ont été faites et se font pour exposer la réalité et les perspectives de ce français accompagnateur de notre langue, la langue arabe de manière générale. Mais, peut-on parler de métissage culturel face à des étudiants/apprenants en difficulté gênante à l’oral ainsi qu’à l’écrit ? Donc, que doit-on faire face à cette réalité complexe, face à ces appellations en harmonie dans les textes officiaux mais souvent en conflits sur le terrain ?
L’interculturalité en Algérie dans la perspective de l’intégration et la multiplicité
Authors: NOURINE ELAID Lahouaria
Published: January 2023

Interculturality in Algeria from the Perspective of Integration and Diversity

ABSTRACT: Interculturality describes a relationship between cultures because, by definition, it involves interaction, and each culture can have distinct ways of thinking, feeling, and acting. In this work, we propose a reflection on the strong Spanish influence that the western part of Algeria experienced, characterized by significant Spanish migration during French colonization. As someone from Oran, I am particularly interested in the traces of the Spanish language preserved in the variety of our Arabic dialect. Therefore, it is important to embark on the task of reclaiming our history and linguistic heritage, a challenging yet necessary endeavor. Our communication aims to present socio-historical elements that demonstrate interaction in Algerian society. Within this context, cultural diversity and intercultural dialogue coexist, creating a coexistence based on accepting the other as a distinct entity with a different identity. This acceptance of difference and coexistence arises from the society's consciousness and, consequently, the individual's awareness of a society's plural identity, one with various aspects and facets. This awareness emphasizes the importance of harmony and integration of social culture over differences. In this perspective, diversity and multiplicity are perceived more as sources of wealth and enrichment rather than division.

RÉSUMÉ: L'interculturalité décrit une relation entre les cultures parce qu'elle implique, par définition, l'interaction, chaque culture peut évidemment avoir des façons de penser, de sentir et d'agir. Nous proposons dans ce travail une réflexion sur le fait que l'ouest de l'Algérie a connu une forte influence espagnole caractérisée par une importante contribution migratoire espagnole lors de la colonisation française. En tant qu'oranaise, les traces de la langue espagnole conservées dans la variété de notre dialecte arabe, m'intéressent beaucoup. Il est donc important de commencer la tâche de récupérer notre histoire et notre héritage linguistique, une tâche difficile mais nécessaire. Notre communication vise à présenter les éléments socio-historiques qui démontrent l'interaction dans la société algérienne. En cela coexistent la diversité culturelle et le dialogue interculturel, créant ainsi une coexistence basée sur l'acceptation de l'autre, en tant qu'entité différente, avec une identité différente. Cette acceptation de la différence et la coexistence naît de la conscience de la société et, par conséquent l'individu, à travers l'histoire de toute une société, une identité plurielle, ou plutôt une identité avec différents aspects et diverses facettes. Cette prise de conscience permet de donner plus d'importance à l'aspect de l'harmonie et de l'intégration de la culture sociale qu'aux différences. C'est dans cette perspective que la diversité et la multiplicité sont perçues davantage comme des facteurs de richesse et d'enrichissement que comme une division.
Monólogos y Polifonía en Tiempo de silencio de Luis Martin Santos
Authors: TOUIL Khalida
Published: January 2023

Monologues and Polyphony in "Tiempo de silencio" by Luis Martín-Santos

ABSTRACT: Our article, titled "The Polyphony in the Monologues of Tiempo de silencio by Luis Martín-Santos," aims to provide a descriptive analysis of the phenomenon of polyphony in monologues, as well as to explore how this polyphony contributes to the literary richness of the novel. The presence of monologues in Tiempo de silencio is distinctive, not only because they serve as a narrative device but also because they offer insights into the characters' inner thoughts, intimate reflections, and the convergence of multiple voices that create intricate architectures within the text. Therefore, we argue that Tiempo de silencio is a polyphonic work. Through the analysis of polyphonic monologues, we seek to observe and support the following hypothesis: the monologues crafted by Martín-Santos are vital elements that contribute to the construction of the novel's fictional universe. These monologues allow for a profound characterization of the novel's characters, as they reveal their inner conflicts, contradictions, frustrations, and moral turpitude. By delving into the polyphony of monologues, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the intricate psychological and emotional landscapes of the characters in Tiempo de silencio.

RESUMEN: Nuestro artículo, titulado "La polifonía en los monólogos de Tiempo de silencio de Luis Martín-Santos", tiene como objetivo proporcionar un análisis descriptivo del fenómeno de la polifonía en los monólogos, así como explorar cómo esta polifonía contribuye a la riqueza literaria de la novela. La presencia de monólogos en Tiempo de silencio es distintiva, no solo porque sirven como dispositivo narrativo, sino también porque ofrecen una visión de los pensamientos internos, reflexiones íntimas y la convergencia de múltiples voces que crean arquitecturas intrincadas dentro del texto. Por lo tanto, sostenemos que Tiempo de silencio es una obra polifónica. A través del análisis de los monólogos polifónicos, buscamos observar y respaldar la siguiente hipótesis: los monólogos elaborados por Martín-Santos son elementos vitales que contribuyen a la construcción del universo ficticio de la novela. Estos monólogos permiten una caracterización profunda de los personajes de la novela, ya que revelan sus conflictos internos, contradicciones, frustraciones y depravaciones morales. Al adentrarnos en la polifonía de los monólogos, nuestro objetivo es proporcionar una comprensión integral de los intrincados paisajes psicológicos y emocionales de los personajes en Tiempo de silencio.
La Percepción de la Imagen de la Mujer Española. Según la Lectura de la Obra Marianela de Benito Pérez Galdós
Authors: YAHIA CHERIF Zineb
Published: January 2023

The Perception of the Image of Spanish Women. According to the Reading of the Work "Marianela" by Benito Pérez Galdós

ABSTRACT: In comparison to previous centuries, the 19th century is best known for the exploitation of imagery, particularly that of the female image. During this period, a new mindset and highly evolved ideology emerged, with women becoming symbolic figures. Western literature introduced a new visual culture that encompassed various models of womanhood. The male imagination drew from well-known archetypes, both derived from reality itself and artistic depictions accompanying literary texts. Thus, it can be argued that the discourse's mission is to evoke each detail with great precision. In the works of "Marianela," certain features are embedded that form a model of Spanish culture and society. It is important to note that novel reading emerged as a new teaching technique, serving as a means of learning that extends beyond language acquisition, enabling readers to interact with the narrated story. The teacher acts as a mediator, aiming to assist learners in synthesizing the meaningful ideas generated from their reading experience. These ideas are formed through visual images of the characters, settings, and more.

RESUMEN: En comparación con los siglos anteriores, el siglo XIX es el más conocido por la explotación   de la imagen, y precisamente de “La imagen femenina”. A partir de este período se puede observar otro pensamiento, y una ideología muy evolucionada. Si duda, la mujer se convierte en símbolo. Dentro de las literaturas occidentales apareció una nueva cultura visual en la cual se inscribían los diversos modelos de la mujer. La imaginación masculina se basó en unos arquetipos conocidos pos su originalidad. Se trata bien de unos perfiles cogidos de la realidad misma, y otros artísticos que acompañan el texto literario. De tal manera que se puede afirmar que el discurso tiene como misión la de evocar cada detalle con mucha perfección. En las obras” Marianela” se insertan unos rasgos que componen un modelo de la cultura y de la sociedad española. Recordemos que dentro de las nuevas técnicas de enseñanza aparece la lectura de la novela como medio de aprendizaje no sólo lingüístico sino también comunicación en el que el lector interactúa con la historia narrada. El docente es un mediador que tiene como perspectiva la de ayudar a los aprendices a producir una síntesis de las ideas de sentido que ha producido esa lectura. Esas ideas se generan mediante imágenes visuales del personaje, del espacio etc.
Il patrimonio gastronomico a favore della conservazione e della promozione della cultura algerina : qual è il ruolo del cinema ?
Authors: CHEBINI Sabrina
Published: January 2023

The Gastronomic Heritage in Favor of the Conservation and Promotion of Algerian Culture: What Is the Role of Cinema?

ABSTRACT: Food can be considered a cultural element, as gastronomy has played a significant role in preserving and promoting the culture of a particular country, such as Algeria. This role is manifested in its complexity within the realm of film production, where the relationship between gastronomy, culture, and cinema has become increasingly intertwined in recent times. To properly address and delve into this topic, and to attempt to answer the fundamental question posed, we have followed a methodology based primarily on description, analysis, and exploration of the potential for cultural exchange within these three forms of expression. The article is divided into three parts. The first aims to explain the enduring role of gastronomy in preserving the typical Algerian cultural heritage, while the second explores the role played by cinema in promoting Algerian culture as it interacts with the Western world. The third part examines an attempt to interconnect gastronomy, culture, and cinema from a theoretical perspective, specifically focusing on the analysis of the Algerian case on the threshold of the 21st century.

RIASSUNTO: Il cibo può essere considerato un elemento culturale, in quanto la gastronomia ha giocato un ruolo molto importante nella conservazione e nella promozione della cultura di un Paese particolare, come l’Algeria. Un ruolo, questo, che si manifesta in tutta la sua complessità nella produzione cinematografica, e nella relazione tra gastronomia-cultura-cinema diventata in tempi recenti sempre più stretta. Per trattare e approfondire bene questo tema, e per cercare di rispondere alla problematica fondamentale esposta, abbiamo seguito una metodologia basata essenzialmente sulla descrizione, l’analisi, e l’approfondimento di ciò che queste tre forme di espressione contengono quale potenziale di interscambio culturale. L’articolo è suddiviso in tre parti. La prima intende spiegare il ruolo perpetuo della gastronomia nella consevazione del patrimonio culturale tipico algerino, la seconda il ruolo svolto dal cinema nella promozione della cultura algerina nel suo affacciarsi all’Occidente; la terza indaga un tentativo di interconnessione tra loro gastronomia, cultura e cinema da un punto di vista teorico, nello specifico, vertendo sull’analisi del caso algerino alle soglie del XXI secolo.
The Discovery of Oil in Ghana: Which Socio-Economic Growth?
Authors: DJEBAILI Walida
Published: January 2023

By most standards, Ghana can, prudently enough, be defined as one of the most politically stable nations on the African continent, which in itself is, a prerequisite for economic prosperity.  On the one hand, this West African country possesses mineral resources, gold and diamonds in particular, hence its former name of Gold Coast, and on the other, it succeeded to establish a democratic tradition after long years of political upheavals. There is an expectation, then, that a momentous time like the one of oil discovery in 2007 would mean a quicker and steady economic growth and a better quality of life for Ghanaians. But this hydrocarbon potential does not produce wealth in itself, good economic management does. The present paper sets out to examine the impact the black gold had on national economy in Ghana, and by extension, the effect on its social life. It endeavours to inquire into the extent to which oil discovery responded to Ghanaian expectations and whether the administrations of Atta Mills and later Mahama exploited this new energy in a way that benefited more than just a small elite.   Findings tend to suggest that weak economic management in oil industry, predominantly characterized by a lack of transparency over oil revenues, in addition to a lack of discernment as to prioritized sectors, agriculture in particular, the cornerstone of national economy in Ghana, led to public disillusion.
Zur erfolgreichen Lehrerausbildung für den DaF-Unterricht an Gymnasien in Algerien
Authors: DOUMA Amel
Published: January 2023

For Successful Teacher Training for German as a Foreign Language (DaF) Instruction in High Schools in Algeria

ABSTRACT: The Situation of Teachers and Learners in German Language Instruction in Algerian High Schools. There are various perspectives on the extent to which a German language teacher should possess language proficiency. Such a discrepancy in competence between the teacher and learner can have negative implications and create difficulties in the teaching and learning environment, hindering teacher success. The function and significance of a foreign language lead to a demand for teacher training. Teacher training provides institutionalized guidance for the teaching profession and takes place at a teacher training seminar or school. It involves imparting skills, knowledge, and information to teachers and developing language competence through effective methods, teaching materials, and learning resources. The training at high schools plays a central role in both German language instruction and everyday professional life. The structure of this training (lesson planning, learning objectives, methods, etc.) contributes to enhancing the language competence of teachers. What should teacher training at high schools in Algeria look like today? What characterizes good teaching in teacher education?

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Zur Situation des Lehrers und Lerners im Deutschunterricht in Algerien: Es gibt jedoch verschiedene Ansichten darüber, ob und in welchem Maße ein Deutschlehrer über Sprachkompetenz verfügen sollte. Ein solches Kompetenzgefälle zwischen Lehrer und Lerner kann negative Auswirkungen haben und bereitet eine Menge von Schwierigkeiten auf die Lehr-und Lernsituation. Dadurch kann Lehrerfolg nicht erreicht werden. Funktion und Bedeutung von Fremdsprache führen zu einer entsprechend Nachfrage an Lehrerausbildung .Die Lehrerausbildung ist die institutionalisierte Anleitung für den Beruf des Lehrers. Sie findet an einem Lehrerseminar oder an einer Seminarschule .Sie umfasst die Vermittlung von Vermögen, Kenntnissen und Wissen an den Lehrern und entwickelt die Sprachkompetenz  durch wirksame Methoden, Lehr- und Lernmaterialien. Ferner kommt der Ausbildung am Gymnasium eine zentrale Rolle sowohl im Deutschunterricht als auch im alltäglichen und beruflichen Leben vorkommen. Diese Gliederung der Ausbildung (Unterrichtsplanung, Lernziele, Methoden….) tragen zur Förderung der Sprachkompetenz bei den Lehrern bei. Wie muss diese Ausbildung der Lehrerinnen und Lehrer an den Gymnasien in Algerien heute aussehen? Was kennzeichnet gute Lehre in der Lehrerbildung?
L’enseignement de l’oral en classe de FLE au secondaire Entre postulats théoriques et applications pratiques
Authors: GUEDJIBA Abdennacer
Published: January 2023

Teaching Oral Skills in Secondary FLE Classes: Between Theoretical Assumptions and Practical Applications

ABSTRACT: In Algeria, the teaching of French is introduced in the education system as early as the third grade. One of the fundamental objectives of language instruction is to develop the competence to communicate effectively both orally and in writing among learners. This competence is concretely manifested in the comprehension and production of oral and written messages. This study aims to examine the role of oral instruction in French as a Foreign Language (FLE) classes at the secondary level. It explores how teachers approach the development of oral competence within the Algerian school context. The study draws upon the results of research conducted as part of master's thesis preparation in foreign language didactics at the French Department of the University of Khenchela (Algeria), with a primary focus on FLE instruction at the secondary level.

RÉSUMÉ : En Algérie, l’enseignement du français est introduit, dans le système éducatif, dès le troisième primaire. L’un des objectifs fondamentaux de tout enseignement d’une langue est l’installation de la compétence de communiquer aussi bien à l’oral qu’à l’écrit, en milieu des apprenants. Une compétence qui se traduit, concrètement, dans la compréhension et la production de messages oraux et écrits. Quelle place occupe l’enseignement de l’oral en classe de FLE au secondaire ? Comment les enseignants procèdent-ils pour développer cette compétence dans le contexte scolaire algérien ? Nous essayerons d’apporter des éléments de réponses à ces questions à travers les résultats de travaux que nous avons eus à diriger dans le cadre de la préparation des mémoires de master en didactique des langues étrangères au département de français de l’université de Khenchela (Algérie). Des travaux qui portent, essentiellement sur l’enseignement du FLE au secondaire.
Lu Xun's Stories and Modern Chinese Literature
Authors: JAHANGIROVA Narmin
Published: January 2023

One of the most famous figures in the world literature of the twentieth century is Lu Xun. Lu Xun has an irreplaceable place in the history of Chinese literature not only as a writer, but also as one of the signatures that shaped modern literary thought and introduced Chinese literature to the world. The writer began his artistic career with essays, and later wrote different kind of stories, and published a book of poems. Lu Xun, who was interested in European and Russian literature from a young age, underwent a fundamental change in his literary thinking by translating various writers, and later tried to reflect it in his stories. The author of the books "Call to Arms", "The True History of Ah-Q" and  numerous critical articles and essays, always tried to demonstrate the problems of his people. Bringing the shortcomings that hindered the development of society to the literary level, Lu Xun considered literature to be the best method of struggle. The article examines Lu Xun's life and creativity,  the socio-political events that brought him to literature, and analyzes his stories from different periods. He enunciated the realities of his time and the difficult life of an oppressed Chinese man in his stories. The author, who turned ordinary people into heroes of the story, fought for modern thought without forgetting the tradition and denying Confucianism. Writing his stories in a colloquial Bay-Hua language was also a new phenomenon in the history of Chinese literature. Throughout the article, Lu Xun’s stories that differ in plot and composition, such as "Kong Yiji", "Medicine", " A Madman’s diary"", "An incident", are taken as the subject analysis. The ideological and artistic features of these stories were studied, the theme and content were analyzed.
El español en la enseñanza universitaria argelina
Authors: KABEN Abdelkader
Published: January 2023

Spanish in Algerian University Education

ABSTRACT: The importance of knowing foreign languages and being able to communicate in other languages is becoming increasingly evident in a world where distances and geographical barriers have been reduced thanks to technologies such as the Internet, which has made immediate communication between different parts of the planet possible. Spanish is undoubtedly one of the languages of greatest interest today. In this article, we aim to provide a general answer to the following questions: How is Spanish in Algeria today? What status does the Spanish language hold in Algerian universities? What are the main reasons for learning this language in Algeria?

RESUMEN: La importancia de saber lenguas extranjeras y ser capaz de comunicarse en otras lenguas va siendo cada vez más obvia en un mundo cuyas distancias y barreras geográficas han ido disminuyendo gracias a tecnologías como el caso de Internet que ha hecho posible la comunicación inmediata entre distintos puntos del planeta. El español es, indudablemente, una de las lenguas con mayor interés en la actualidad. En este artículo pretendemos contestar de forma general a unas preguntas que son las siguientes: ¿Y qué tal el español en Argelia hoy en día? ¿Qué estatuto representa la lengua española en la universidad argelina? ¿Cuáles son los principales motivos de aprendizaje de este idioma en Argelia?
La Regenta: la critica novelada de Madame Bovary
Authors: MAAZOUZ Sabrina
Published: January 2023

La Regenta: The Novelized Critique of Madame Bovary

ABSTRACT: «La Regenta is a bad translation of Madame Bovary»; Perhaps it was not the only insult by the French journalist Luis Bonafoux against Clarín, but obviously one of the heaviest accusations that plagued the credibility of the Spanish novelist.  In 1888, the defendant made the decision to end in one of his literary pamphlets Mis Plagios the rumors caused by the accusation, which arose from the undeniable similarity between the theater scene in the two mentioned novels. Both Madame Bovary and La Regenta tell the story of a frustrated woman because of a disappointing and mediocre marriage, which is why she commits adultery. But why did Clarín take episodes from the French novel?  He didn’t have enough ideas? And if indeed La Regenta is a plagiarized novel, how could it be classified as one of the most distinguished novels in the whole world? Answering these questions and clarifying a lot of confusion will be the objective of our work.

RESUMEN: «La Regenta es una mala traducción de Madame Bovary». Tal vez no era el único ultraje del periodista francés Luis Bonafoux contra Clarín, pero evidentemente una de las acusaciones más pesadas  que vapuleó la credibilidad del novelista español.   En 1888, el acusado tomó la decisión de agonizar en uno de sus folletos literarios Mis Plagios la ebullición pública provocada por dicha acusación, que surgió de la gran semejanza entre las dos escenas de teatro en ambas novelas. Teniendo en cuenta que tanto Madame Bovary como La Regenta llevan en sus páginas la historia de una mujer frustrada en un matrimonio que no corresponde a sus expectativas, razón por la cual comete el adulterio. Pero ¿por qué Clarín tomó unos episodios de la obra francesa? ¿Le faltaban ideas? Y  si de verdad La Regenta es una obra plagiada ¿Como puede ser clasificada como una las obras más distinguidas en la literatura española y la universal? Responder a estas interrogantes y esclarecer tanta confusión serán el objetivo de nuestro trabajo.
L’éducation aux valeurs dans le manuel algérien de français : une analyse d’un point de vue interculturel
Authors: ARIF Noureddine
Published: January 2023

Education to Values in the Algerian French Textbook:  An Intercultural Perspective Analysis

ABSTRACT: In an increasingly diverse and media-driven world, education in values has become an essential support for promoting "living together," and it constitutes one of the major objectives of foreign language education. Indeed, our contribution focuses on analyzing the values conveyed in the French textbook to determine if it contributes to self-awareness and openness to otherness. To do so, we conducted a content analysis of the textbook for the fourth year of middle school. The results revealed the shortcomings of this material in terms of teaching values from an intercultural perspective. Consequently, it is inadequate in line with the official discourse's objectives.

RÉSUMÉ : Dans un monde de plus en plus diversifié et multimédiatisé, l’éducation aux valeurs s’avère aujourd’hui un soutien incontournable pour éduquer au «vivre ensemble» ; elle constitue l’un des objectifs majeurs de l’enseignement des langues étrangères. En effet, notre contribution porte sur l’analyse des valeurs transmises par le manuel de français afin de voir s’il contribue à une prise de conscience des valeurs de soi  et une ouverture à l’altérité. Pour ce faire, nous avons procédé à  une analyse de contenu du manuel de la quatrième année moyenne. Les résultats nous ont montré la défaillance de ce document en matière de l’enseignement des valeurs dans une perspective interculturelle ; il est par conséquent, inadéquat avec les finalités du discours officiel.
Using AI in Translation, a Technological Leap, or a Translator’s Nightmare
Authors: BOUGUESMIA Mohammed Tewfik
Published: January 2023

A dream to many, the idea of using machines for rapid, effortless, and accurate translation has allured both tech-enthusiasts and translation aficionados for a long time. Sadly, the technical limitations that inhibited computers from looking beyond the word, thus affecting their ability to offer much more than literal translations void of contextual meanings, have prevented that fantasy from becoming a reality. However, the recent rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has once again sparked interest in such utilization of technology. While admittedly still in its beta version, and still reliant on the contribution of translators for its enhancement, the primary results of the use of AI for translation look promising to say the least. As a result, a heated debate, buried for years, has re-emerged about whether this technological development represents a threat to the future employability of translators, or an opportunity to innovate the field of translation, and bring it to the digital age. The aim of this research is to investigate the awareness of the Algerian translation teachers of the advances made in this regard, capture their opinions regarding the matter, and report their willingness or reluctance to contribute in the development of this technology. Therefore, open-ended questionnaires are administered to 10 teachers from the Djillali Liabes university. The findings reveal a variety of viewpoints and attitudes towards the matter
Zur Förderung der Unterrichtskommunikation bei den algerischen DaF- Lerner
Authors: IMESSAOUDENE Amir
Published: January 2023

To Promote Classroom Communication Among Algerian German as a Foreign Language (DaF) Learners

ABSTRACT: One of the main objectives of language teaching is to develop the ability to communicate effectively. In German as a Foreign Language (DaF) instruction, learners are provided with the space and opportunity to express themselves and interact with others, putting their acquired knowledge into practice. The purpose of this article is to highlight the importance of the communicative process in DaF instruction and identify its main advantages compared to the traditional instructional approaches used in the classroom.

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Eines der wichtigsten Hauptziele jedes Sprachunterrichts gehört die Fähigkeit des Kommunikationsprozesses, sich leicht auf dieser Ebene auszudrücken. In dem DaF--Unterricht finden die Lernpersonen den Raum und die Möglichkeit, sich in der Lage zu äußern und miteinander zu kommunizieren, in dem sie die erworbenen Kenntnisse in die Praxis verwirklichen. Das Ziel dieses Artikels ist, die Notwendigkeit der Kommunikationsprozess im DaF-Unterricht zu zeigen und seine Hauptvorteile verglichen mit der Art und Weise des Kommunizierens, die in dem Unterricht verwendet, zu identifizieren.
An Exploration of the Quality of Business English Teaching in Algerian Higher Education: Case of Master1 Economics Students at Tlemcen University
Authors: LARBI Qwider , BENSAFA Abdelkader
Published: January 2023

In the modern era, learning English has become among the highly requested disciplines. However, ELT in Algerian higher education needs to be updated and promoted. Evidently, except for English departments, ELT in the remaining faculties is neglected and under-estimated.  For instance, in the Economics department at Tlemcen University, English courses seem to be taught ineffectively. Also, they do not fulfill the learner’s needs. The present study is an attempt to examine the quality of Business English courses delivered to Master1 Economics Students at Tlemcen University. Thus, its fundamental concern is to evaluate the effectiveness of these courses vis-à-vis ESP principles. In doing so, a set questionnaires have been given to both teachers and students in order to collect the needed data. It has been come up to the conclusion that these courses are taught haphazardly and teachers unsatisfactorily follow ESP teaching fundamentals. Consequently, they should be advanced and promoted.
Similarities between “The Secret History of the Mongols” and Turkish Epic (“Moğolların Gizli Tarihi” destanı ile türk destanı arasındaki benzerlikler)
Authors: NASIROVA Lamiya
Published: January 2023

Many similarities existing in the epics of the Mongols and the Turkish allow to research common literary-cultural features in these works. The Book of Dede Gorgud and “The Secret History of the Mongols” as remarkable examples of nation’s heroic works both have similar and common ideas.  The purpose of the research work consists of comparatively analyzing social-cultural life, abundant historical past, folk and ethnography of nations. The epics are linked to each other in terms of people’s views, condition of emergence, similar motives, features of characters, religious beliefs, and they allow us to compare those similarities. Main method of research work is comparative analysis. Common subject of the epics is heroism, protection of motherland and struggle against enemies. Motives regarding courage and bravery against attacks of other tribes are fully demonstrated in the tales. Heroism, capture, revenge are common themes used in the epics. And these themes are reflected in the stories of important characters and they stress loyalty and courage of those men.  Main character of Mongol epic is Temujin who is later named Genghis khan, conquerer  of the world. Genghis khan governed his state thanks to his intelligence and wit, enlarged defence units of the country. In the example of  Salur Gazan, Bamsi Beyrek, Ganturali from the stories  of “The Book of Dede Gorgud” motives of heroism, devotion and loyalty are emphasized. Men of Oguz gained names for their deeds, courage, bravery.  Mongolian and Turkish epics are closely related to the events happened in the history and portray traces of ancient history of these nations.  National-moral values and abundance of lifestyle of the Mongols and Oguz people are very evident in the mentioned epics
Trauma Survival and the Use of Scriptotherapy as a Medium of Healing in Susan Abulhawa the Blue between Sky and Water (2015) And Sapphire’s Precious (1996)
Authors: OSAMNIA Soumia , DJAFRI Yasmina
Published: January 2023

The expression of traumatic experience was used in multiple ways; by singing, making artistic designs and other meaningful presentations. Writing is seen as one of the numerous ways that was employed to discuss the trauma phenomenon. As such, writing is an act that construes a narrative work throughout trauma. Being fundamentally narrative, writing consists of scripts and story schemas. As such, a new item appears to be studied in humanities. The latter is known as scriptotherapy. The term scriptotherapy is defined as the process of writing out and writing through traumatic experience in the mode of therapeutic healing.  Thus, one of the key targets of traumatic life writing would be to express certain excruciating emotional crises that could not be expressed or talked about by the writer’s characters. This paper is intended to discuss the issue of trauma survival through the use of scriptotherapy as a medium of healing trauma through the narratives of Susan Abulhawa’s The Blue between Sky and Water (2015)  and Saphire’s Precious (1996). Light will be shed on certain strategies of Scriptotherapy as employed in the narratives mentioned above and how female characters overcame trauma through writing.
Verso una ricerca identitaria al femminile in “L’età del malessere” di Dacia Maraini
Authors: OUCHTATI Zoubeida
Published: January 2023

Verso una ricerca identitaria al femminile in “L’età del malessere” di Dacia Maraini

ABSTRACT: Writing allows the woman to express herself and talk about her life by emphasizing her interiority. Unlike the other female literatures (English or French for example), the Italian one has been for a long time put in the shadow of “men”. In Italy, the interest in the writing of women was born in the second half of the twentieth century thanks to the feminist movement and the feminine literary criticism. In this article, we study “L’età del malessere”; a novel written by Dacia Maraini who is one of the most known Italian feminists and intellectuals. The main purpose of this study is to show how Dacia Maraini manages to deal with the theme of female identity through her protagonist “Enrica”. The writer highlights both the family and the social context in which Enrica grows because they affect the process of building her identity. Eventually, Enrica gains her identity by gaining her freedom after various vital and bodily experiences.

RIASSUNTO: La scrittura permette alla donna di esprimersi e di parlare della sua vita mettendo in risalto la sua interiorità. A differenza delle altre letterature femminili (inglese o francese per esempio), quella italiana è stata per molto tempo messa all’ombra “maschile”. In Italia, l’interesse per la scrittura delle donne nasce nella seconda metà del XX secolo grazie al movimento femminista e alla critica letteraria a firma femminile. In quest’articolo, studiamo “L’età del malessere”; un romanzo scritto Dacia Maraini che è una delle più famose femministe e intellettuali italiane. Lo scopo principale di questo nostro studio è di mostrare come Dacia Maraini riesce a trattare il tema dell’identità femminile mediante la sua protagonista “Enrica”. La scrittrice mette in evidenza sia il contesto familiare sia quello sociale in cui cresce Enrica perché influiscono sul processo di costruzione della sua identità. Alla fine, Enrica conquista la propria identità ottenendo la sua libertà dopo varie esperienze vitali e corporali.