bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extended Metaphor—a Text-World Account
Authors: Werth Paul
Published: July 2017

The essential structural property of metaphor is that it represents a double-layered conceptualisation of the target domain (the ‘literal’ or ‘tenor’ language) in terms of the source domain (the ‘figurative’ or ‘vehicle’ language). Most linguistic approaches to metaphor provide sentence-level accounts of the phenomenon. But literary metaphor is frequently discursive: there is an entire metaphorical ‘undercurrent’ running through a whole text, which may manifest itself in a large number and variety of ‘single’ metaphors. What is needed, therefore, is (i) a way of accounting for metaphor discursively, rather than sententially; (ii) a way of dealing with the resolving ‘undercurrent’ stratum rather than the superficial ‘single metaphor’ stratum; and (iii) a way of representing the double-layered conceptual structure of metaphors. A new conceptual discourse model of text-worlds is presented here, which naturally captures the conceptual layering inherent in language generally (and not just in metaphor), which treats the ‘undercurrent’ aspect as being equivalent to ‘gist’ or ‘macrostructure’ in text linguistics (using the concept of the ‘megametaphor’), and which automatically provides a discursive account of the phenomenon of extended, or sustained, metaphor.
Rhythm and Verse Study
Authors: Cureton Richard D.
Published: July 2017

Prosodists have never developed an adequate yet coherent definition of rhythm. The most popular definition, ‘periodic recurrence,’ is coherent but inadequate. Elaborations of this definition have been more adequate but incoherent. Like musical rhythms, linguistic rhythms are best defined as recursive hierarchies of prominence. Complex rhythms are componential, organising three prominence hierarchies (metre, grouping, and prolongation) into tightly co-ordinated forms. These co-ordinated hierarchical forms create our impression of processive time.
Towards a Systematic Description of Narrative ‘Point of View’: An Examination of Chatman's theory with an Analysis of ‘The Blind Man’ by D.H. Lawrence
Authors: Sasaki Toru
Published: July 2017

‘Point of view’ in fiction has been a much debated concept ever since the time of Henry James, but unfortunately this term has never been defined with the required precision. As a result, there has always been some confusion in the critical discussion of this subject. Seymour Chatman (1990), however, has recently addressed himself to the difficult task of clarifying the issue.2 His theory, in my view, offers an excellent model for a systematic description of narrative ‘point of view’. By way of demonstration, I will test the effectiveness of this model through a detailed analysis of the narration of D.H. Lawrence's short story ‘The blind man’.
Yakuza (Criminal Gangs) in Japan: Characteristics and Management in Prison
Authors: Johnson Elmer H.
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT: The Yakuza, organized criminal gangs in Japan, engage in stimulant-drug traffic, illegal gambling, prostitution, and extortion. Suppression has increased their share of the prison population from 21 percent in 1975 to 30 percent in 1986. This article outlines the nature and subculture of the Yakuza, distinguishes their characteristics from those other inmates, and analyzes their management by the prison administration in the Japanese style.
The Uses of Robert Martinson's Writings on Correctional Treatment: An Essay on the Justification of Correctional Policy
Authors: Sánchez José E.
Published: July 2017

This article examines the uses of Robert Martinson's work, especially that published during the mid-1970s on correctional treatment, by critics of rehabilitation. A chronology of the controversies surrounding the publication and the findings of the Treatment Survey is presented, and the relationship between ideological trends in the disciplines of criminology and criminal justice and public policy are examined as these relate to Martinson's critique. This article concludes that the most significant implications of Martinson's work have not been exploited, instead these have been ignored in favor of those features that serve to legitimate ideological positions in the fight against crime.
Obstacles to Reform in Juvenile Corrections: A Case Study
Authors: Frazier Charles E. , Bishop Donna M.
Published: July 2017

Many criminal justice practitioners and academics seem to view the law as self executing. They also seem to believe that desired changes naturally follow legal reform. In this paper, we examine practices in one state relative to compliance with the jail removal mandate of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act. Our analyses suggest that legal reform, standing alone, may more likely result in counterproductive reactions than in those consistent with reform goals. Discussion centers on the need for inducements and resources to motivate and facilitate achievement of JJDPA reforms.
Jail Overcrowding: Who Makes Policy?
Authors: Marsh Robert L. , Marsh Dana J.
Published: July 2017

This article discusses the current problem of overcrowding in local and county jail facilities in the United States. Going beyond traditional explanations of the problem, the authors argue that overcrowding is amenable to control by locally elected decision-makers. Policy guidelines are suggested to control the “growth mentality” of criminal justice personnel.
Bending Granite: On the Politics and Administration of American Jail Reform
Authors: Hamm Mark S.
Published: July 2017

This article examines the political realities of American jail administration. I argue that reforming this system will be about as difficult as bending granite. Yet I further argue that American law provides state legislators with the Herculean power to bend this granite, should they decide to do so. Through a survey of state legislators from the heartland of America, I create a stochastic profile of the lawmaker who is most likely to be a jail reformer. Then, I use this profile to develop a reform paradigm for the American jail.
Crime and Punishment in Asia
Authors: Ganapathy Narayanan , Balachandran Lavanya
Published: July 2017

The dominance of Western models of crime and criminal justice and the nascent emergence of “borderless” criminological insights precipitated by forces of globalization and transnationalization raises serious questions about their universal applicability to explain crime across time and space. Amidst the dearth of criminological work on Asia, this introduction to the Special Issue on “Crime and Punishment in Asia” commits itself to developing and honing the frontiers of an “Asian criminology” by drawing scholarly attention to the empirical and contextual specificities of the region. Such an effort is not directed towards demarcating “Asia” as a socially and culturally distinct geopolitical entity from the “West”. Rather, it is to critically reflect upon the alleged and actual variances between Asian and Western societies including the broader differences in social orientation – collectivism vs individualism and duty-based moral obligations vs rights-based beliefs respectively as well as documenting the heterogeneity and particularities within Asia. To that end, crime in South Asian and Southeast Asian contexts and political and economic changes which have given rise to novel “strains” of crime and newer criminal opportunities, remain under theorized. Ultimately, the advancement of an Asian criminological discourse in this special issue is not to merely acknowledge scholarly attempts that transpose current Anglo-Saxon models onto Asian empirical contexts or reject them, but transform existing theories and develop regional alternatives that are validated by and arise from particular empirical investigations into crime and criminal justice across Asia.
Asian Paradigm Theory and Access to Justice
Authors: Liu Jianhong
Published: July 2017

Asian Paradigm Theory states that there is a significant difference between the Western and Asian concept of justice, produced by differences in social organization and cultural traditions. On one hand, Asians tend to stress three important cultural values: attachment, honor, and harmony. At the other end, Western society tends to stress independence, materialistic success, and individual rights. Asian participants tend to use a “holistic thinking mode,” while Western counterparts tend to use an “analytical thinking mode.” The theory states that the differences in cultural values and thinking modes produce differences in the concept of crime and justice. Asians tend to conceive the concept of crime and justice as relational concepts, and Westerners tend to conceive the concept of crime and justice as individualistic concepts. This article uses Asian Paradigm Theory to explore approaches to the issue of access to justice, which suggest that the Asian concept of justice and practice may offer a more suitable approach to access to justice under the context of Asian societies.
The Feasibility of Expanding the Jury Pool in Hong Kong
Authors: Hui Cora Y. T. , Lo T. Wing
Published: July 2017

The present study aims to provide an empirical demonstration that a feasible solution to expand the jury pool is to lower the minimum age requirement to include 18-year-olds. The present study compares the following three types of responses from a youth sample and from an adult sample: (a) the ratings of reliability of commonly seen evidence, (b) guilt judgments in a hypothetical rape trial, and (c) rationales for verdicts. Results showed that both youth and adult participants were capable of basing their judgments largely on legally relevant information. When guided by evidence, some youths in the present sample could reach similar guilt judgments to the adults. However, youths appeared to have a lower threshold for being satisfied beyond reasonable doubt when certain evidence was presented.
Fines as a Punishment in Indian Penal Code, 1860
Authors: Sharma Anupama
Published: July 2017

The paper discusses the role of punishment in a criminal justice system by elaborating its functions. It focusses mainly on monetary sanctions (fine) as a type of punishment under the criminal law and analyzes its efficiency on the basis of the punishment theories. With specific reference to the Indian Penal Code, 1860 the paper categorizes the placement of monetary sanctions in the statute into three variants: where the amount of sanction is mentioned in the provision, where the amount of fine is not mentioned in the provision and where monetary sanctions stand as an alternative to imprisonment in the provision. The paper critiques the third variant as a commodification of offence and provides suggestions to update the statute to enable the efficiency of monetary sanctions as a type of punishment in criminal law.
“Us” and “Them”
Authors: Ganapathy Narayanan
Published: July 2017

This research is the first empirical study to examine ethnic minority gangs which have emerged within the Singapore prisons. It argues that the distinctive forms these entities have assumed in terms of history, structure, subculture, geography, and ideologies have to be appreciated in the context of the social, economic, and political dynamics that exist in wider Singapore society, particularly between the formal social control institutions and the institutionalized Chinese secret societies. What is sociologically revealing is that although the latter operating within the prisons tend to recruit non-Chinese inmates and is therefore more “out-group” orientated in their recruitment strategies, memberships into ethnic minority gangs such as the “Omega” and “Sarah Jumbo”—the two important minority gangs in prisons—are restricted to inmates of the same “race,” pointing to a conceptualization of gangs in prisons as a racialized phenomenon as far as the Singapore context is concerned.
Rohingya Crisis in Myanmar
Authors: Ahsan Ullah A. K. M.
Published: July 2017

This article argues that Rohingyas in Myanmar have been deliberately excluded by its government. The claims of the government and political leaders that Rohingyas are illegal migrants could no way be justified due to the clear fact that they have been a part of long history of Burma. Due to the exclusionary policies, this population group has been systematically marginalized, persecuted, deprived of basic rights, and abused. Available protection space for Rohingya refugees in the region has become extremely volatile due to the reluctance to sign the 1951 Convention and a lack of national legal frameworks in most southeast Asian countries. Despite political pressure from the international community and local activists groups calling for the government to stop the violence, there is no sign to end the violence.
The Restructuring of Europe: Projected Terrorist Trends in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Mullins Wayman C. , Mijares Tomas C.
Published: July 2017

This article examines how recent historical events in Europe are reshaping some aspects of international terrorism while leaving others intact. Basic concepts are defined and then placed in the context of contemporary issues such as the reunification of Germany, the dissolution of the Soviet Union, and the ethnic wars of the Balkan states. Likely developments are projected, and appropriate responses and areas for further study are suggested.
Russian Organized Crime: Its History, Structure and Function
Authors: Albini Joseph L. , Rogers R.E. , Shabalin Victor , Kutushev Valery , Moiseev Vladimir , Anderson Julie
Published: July 2017

In analyzing Russian organized crime, the authors describe and classify the four major forms of organized crime: 1) political-social, 2) mercenary, 3) in-group, and 4) syndicated. Though the first three classifications of the aforementioned types of organized crime existed throughout Soviet history, it was the syndicated form that began to emerge in the late 1950's, expanding during the corrupt Breznev years (1964–82), exploding during perestroika, and reaching pandemic levels after the demise of the Soviet Union in 1991. The abrupt transformation of the Russian society from a centralized command economy to one driven by the forces of market capitalism created the socio-pathological conditions for the malignant spread of mercenary and especially syndicated organized crime. New criminals syndicates were created by an alliance of criminal gangs/groups and former members of the Soviet Union's communist nomenklatura (bureaucracy) and the consequence was the criminalization of much of the Russian economy. The social structure of these syndicates is based on a loose association of patron-client relationships rather than a centralized hierarchical system; their function is to provide illicit goods/services desired by the people. The authors conclude their study by emphasizing that what has taken place in Russia is not peculiar to the Russian people, but exemplifies what can happen to societies that experience rapid and intense social change.
Privatization and Crime: The Post-Soviet Experience
Authors: Shelley Louise I.
Published: July 2017

This paper examines the criminalization of the privatization process now occurring in the former Soviet Union. The different means by which the economy has been criminalized and its impact on the citizenry are examined. This paper argues that former Communist Party elite and organized criminal groups have purchased the majority of the state's assets. The absence of careful planning and proper legal protections in implementing the massive privatization program are given as important explanations for the failure of this process. Though special attention is given to Russia, this analysis applies to the other states of the former Soviet Union as well.
Primitive Capitalist Accumulation: Russia as a Racket
Authors: Kelly Robert J. , Schatzberg Rufus , Ryan Patrick J.
Published: July 2017

The function and structure of Sicilian institutions provide an historical lesson in how and why the Mafia flourished to the extent that attempts to imprison its leadership have threatened the stability of the very government that is tolling its death knell. Extrapolating from that experience, the work of Follain, Jousten, Varese and others provide the authors with a theoretical framework for understanding the dependency between the liberal democratic system being introduced in Russia today and the current mafia activity in that country. Crime, be it “organized” or not, is not new to Russia. Until ther breakup of the Republics, Western researchers knew little of its nature or its scope. Should the violence associated with Russian crime continue it may overwhelm the entire society or we may see an alliance of wealthy elites and multi-layered criminal conspiracies justaposed but miles apart from the non-criminal, “ordinary” citizens. The authors proffer from their experience in and with Russia several predictions for the future of this new mafia, indeed, for the future of Russian society.
Russia's Great Criminal Revolution: The Role of the Security Services
Authors: Waller Michael J. , Yasmann Victor J.
Published: July 2017

Russian law enforcement agencies, security organs, and intelligence services, far from being reliable instruments in the fight against organized crime and corruption, are institutionally part of the problem, due not only to their co-optation and penetration by criminal elements, but to their own absence of a legal bureaucratic culture and their use of crime as an instrument of state policy.
Women's Crime Concerns and Gun Ownership: Evaluating Media Images
Authors: Thompson Carol Y.
Published: July 2017

This research identifies major themes in print media concerning women's victimization, fear of crime and gun ownership. The themes are compared with official crime statistics and nationally representative survey data to determine the extent to which the media distorts information on women's crime concerns and gun ownership. Data for this research were derived from The National Crime Surveys, The General Social Surveys, The Uniform Crime Reports and a content analysis of print media from 1989–1993. The results indicate that the four major themes in print media provide a distorted view of crime and guns among women. The nature of the distortions and the implications of inaccurate information are discussed.
Women as Victims in “Victimless Crimes” The Case of Prostitution
Authors: Lentz Susan A. , Stitt B. Grant
Published: July 2017

It is argued by many criminologists that numerous acts which fall under the category of crimes labeled “victimless” do so because no harm comes to those involved. However, many feminists and others argue that where women are involved, “victimization” does in fact occur. Further, the resulting victimization from many of these acts reaches far beyond the individual participants in the consensual transaction. This analysis critically examines the issue of who or whom are the victims, if any, in prostitution. This discussion focuses on both the concerns of criminology and liberal and radical feminists.
Film Images of Violent Females as Criminal Justice Types: From Femme Fatale to Retro Fatale and Beyond
Authors: Katovich Michael A. , Haller Margot
Published: July 2017

This paper looks at different images of female fatales in film as criminal justice types. We begin with the film noire genre in the 1940s and its evolution into the retro genre of the 1970s and 1980s; and compare each genre to the subversive proactive violent females of the 1980s and 1990s. Each are portrayed by the film industry as either manipulating or out of control. They lack legitimization for their violent acts because they are not supported by any form of institution. The film industry perpetuates images of female criminal types as out of control and destructive in their portrayal of them as violent. In contrast, the violent male is portrayed as proactive and endorsed by an institution. Male violence is largely accepted as the viewer sees the man taking control and acting when authorities cannot or will not. Female violence is portrayed as self serving and for the benefit of only the fatale or the subversive female.
“Things Fearful to Name” An Overview Of Sex Crimes and Perversions
Authors: Peak Kenneth J.
Published: July 2017

This article examines sexual behaviors that are clearly abnormal in our society. While several of these described behaviors are not specifically deemed as being criminal in a statutory sense, it is emphasized that sex offenders tend to be diverse in their deviant practices and often graduate into practicing increasingly dangerous perversions. Also emphasized are some of the methods employed by sex offenders in locating and victimizing their targets. The discussion includes information that can be employed by criminal justice professionals for the purpose of identifying and investigating these aberrant activities.
The Journalistic Type of Mind
Authors: Allen Eric W.
Published: July 2017

(This article will not concern itself with methods of teaching the elements of reporting. Let it be said once for all that good reporting is the foundation of journalism, that no school should attempt anything else until it has developed a successful techniquc in training reporters, and that no newspaper is a good newspaper and no magazine a good magazine that does not place immense emphasis upon the perfect accuracy of all facts cited. Let us take all that for granted, and let us add that the best schools of journalism have a record of acknowledged achievement in these practicalities that justifies them in attempting the next step toward developing a real professional school on a plane like that of the Class A medical schools or the better (law schools.)
The Third World Congress
Authors: Brown James Wright
Published: July 2017

(Editor's Note: Teachers of Journalism should participate in the work of the Press Congress of the World. It is in the hope that many will make preparations to represent their schools at the third Congress that this article is presented.)
The Controlled Daily Newspaper as a Student Laboratory
Authors: Bryant Vaughn
Published: July 2017

In this issue the Journalism Quarterly continues the series of articles describing teaching methods and techniques in American schools and departments of journalism. Four articles in the September issue opened this series. It is planned to continue it with additional discussions in future issues.
An Annotated Bibliography of Journalism Subjects in American Magazines
Authors: Merwin Fred E. , Smith Henry L.
Published: July 2017

Articles on the press and the conflict in Europe dominated magazine materials on “Press and Communications” during the three months covered in this issue of the QUARTERLY. Numerous discussions of the problems involved in covering the fighting and the overall propaganda campaign were printed in many different sources. Articles on newspaper production and national advertising continued to feature the pages of many of the trade journals.
A Selected Bibliography from British Journals
Authors: Nafziger Ralph O.
Published: July 2017

Complaints against the manner in which the Ministry of Information and the censorship division of the Press Bureau are functioning were leading topics in British newspapermen's journals in the months covered by this bibliography. Articles dealing with the manner in which the war is affecting the British press largely supplanted the usual wide range of discussions of journalistic techniques and practices.
An Annotated Bibliography of Journalism Subjects in American Magazines: February, March, and April, 1941
Authors: Merwin Fred E. , Luxon N. N.
Published: July 2017

Magazine articles on press and communications during the current period increasingly were based either directly or indirectly on national defense. The emergency dominated the annual sessions of both the A.N.P.A., and the A.S.N.E. Major attention was given the topic of censorship, because of the interest shown by both publishers and high government officials in what the public should and should not read. F.E.M.
Press and Communications: An Annotated Bibliography of Journalism Subjects in American Magazines
Authors: Merwin F. E. , Luxon N. N.
Published: July 2017

Articles for the current period show that major interest in the field of press and communications continues to center on the war. The annual April meetings of the major newspaper groups in New York City were largely devoted to discussions of the impact of the war on the press.

F. E. M.
News Notes
Authors: Miller Douglass W.
Published: July 2017

News for inclusion in this section … activities of schools and departments of journalism, stuff appointments and changes, curricular developments and the like … must reach Professor Miller, School of Journalism, Syracuse University, by the first of the month preceding publication. News for the September issue must reach him by August 1.
News Photography Teaching in Schools of Journalism
Authors: Flynn Charles E.
Published: July 2017

Professor Flynn, University of Illinois, is chairman of the AATJ committee rendering this report. Other members: A. Clarence Smith, Baylor University; Edward F. Mason, University of Iowa; Truman Pouncey, University of Oklahoma.
An Annotated Bibliography of Journalism Subjects in American Magazines
Authors: Merwin F. E. , Luxon N. N.
Published: July 2017

The invasion of North Africa by American troops and President Roosevelt's air trip to Casablanca marked the beginning and ending of the current period with resulting emphasis on newspaper coverage of that theater in articles on the press and communications. The government's suit against the Associated Press on monopoly charges attracted a great deal of interest. Censorship of stories going out of this country to England aroused some concern. Advertisers and media, not too displeased with the 1942 showing, fought back hard when a group of social scientists asked that advertising be eliminated for the duration. F. E. M.
News Notes
Authors: Miller Douglass W.
Published: July 2017

News for inclusion in this section … activities of schools and departments of journalism, staff appointments and changes, curricular developments and the like … must reach Professor Miller, School of Journalism, Syracuse University, by the first of the month preceding publication. News for the June issue must reach him by May 1.
The Revolutionary Colonial Press—A Social Interpretation
Authors: Kobre Sidney
Published: July 2017

Mr. Kobre's sociological approach to the analysis of the press has found expression in three articles published in past issues of the Journalism Quarterly. They appeared in September, 1936; June, 1937; and December, 1940.
Operations of the Press Division of the Office of Censorship
Authors: Clough Frank C.
Published: July 2017

Mr. Clough is the managing editor of the Emporia (Kan.) Gazette, now on leave from his newspaper to serve on the staff of the government's censorship agency. He is the author of “William Alien White of Emporia.”
Legislation Governing The Newspapers of Sweden
Authors: Dehlgren Sten
Published: July 2017

Mr. Dehlgren is editor-in-chief of Dagens Nyheter, a liberal daily newspaper published in Stockholm. This article outlines the Constitutional provisions and enactments normally governing the press, as well as wartime measures.
A Selected Bibliography from British Journals
Authors: Nafziger Ralph O.
Published: July 2017

Post-war planning for the press sprang up conspicuously among topics in British newspaper men's journals during the quarter. These articles were supplemented with numerous letters commenting on various aspects of the subject. Criticism of the Ministry of Information and press relations agencies of government departments has declined notably, but criticism of communications arrangements for war correspondents continues to be a lively issue.
News Notes
Authors: Miller Douglass W.
Published: July 2017

News for inclusion in this section … activities of schools and departments of journalism, staff appointments and changes, curricular developments and the like … must reach Professor Miller, School of Journalism, Syracuse University, by the first of the month preceding publication. News for the December issue must reach him by November 1.
News Notes
Authors: Miller Douglass W.
Published: July 2017

News for inclusion in this section … activities of schools and departments of journalism, staff appointments and changes, curricular developments and the like … must reach Professor Miller, School of Journalism, Syracuse University, by the first of the month preceding publication. News for the December issue must reach him by November 7.
An Annotated Bibliography of Journalism Subjects in American Magazines
Authors: Merwin F. E. , Baskette F. K.
Published: July 2017

Autumn issues of American periodicals touched the problems of journalism at several points. The professional magazines were not alone in reciting the story of the revival of the French press after liberation from the Nazi yoke. The policy of licensing newspapers and exerting censorship over them raised doubts of the postwar freedom of the press in liberated countries. Non-professional journals, as well as the trade press, stressed these developments.

The strong numerical and editorial support given to the presidential candidacy of Thomas E. Dewey by daily newspapers and Northern weeklies created a debate on the “prestige position” of the press in the 1944 campaign. Editor & Publisher denied that the press has lost influence. A few of the quality group magazines took up the cudgels in an attempt to prove the contrary.

Much attention was given to proposals for an international agreement that would keep the worldwide news channels free and give American reporters abroad easy access to news sources.

Radio spokesmen in their trade journals claimed credit for improvement in the coverage of war news in the various combat theatres. F. E. M.
News Notes
Authors: Miller Douglass W.
Published: July 2017

News for inclusion in this section … activities of schools and departments of journalism, staff appointments and changes, curricular developments and the like … must reach Professor Miller, School of Journalism, Syracuse University, byt the first of the month preceding publication. News for the March issue must reach him, by February 1.
News Notes
Authors: Miller Douglass W.
Published: July 2017

News for inclusion in this section … activities of schools and departments of journalism, staff appointments and changes, curricular developments and the likk … must reach Professor Miller, School of Journalism, Syracuse University, by the first of the month preceding publication. News for the June issue must reach him by May 1.
“Violations of Confidence” at the Paris Peace Conference, 1919
Authors: Coggeshall Reginald
Published: July 2017

In view of the recent charges of violation of confidence at the Rheims surrender of the Germans, Mr. Coggeshall's discussion of the problem at Versailles takes on special interest. The author is now on the Boston Globe.
Should a Newspaper Accept “Free Passes”? A Statement of Policy
Authors: Wiggins J. Russell
Published: July 2017

The St. Paul Pioneer Press and St. Paul Dispatch last month announced a policy of declining all passes and free admissions to amusements and entertainments of every sort. Though many American newspapers follow this policy, their number is still a minority. In the following brief article Mr. Wiggins, editor of the two St. Paul papers, reviews the considerations which led to the papers’ adoption of the policy.
Press and Communications
Authors: Merwin F. E. , Jennings K. Q.
Published: July 2017

History was written with a tremendous fury during the three months covered in this section of the bibliography. Communication media found themselves forced to look in all directions at one time — Berlin, Tokyo, San Francisco and Washington. The sudden death of President Roosevelt was followed in a matter of days by the passing from the scene of Mussolini and Hitler. United Nations troops scored victories on all fronts. And the San Francisco conference battled to achieve a formula for a brave new world. Many items in the bibliography refer to articles on how the agencies of communication covered great events. — F. E. M.
A Selected Bibliography from British Journals
Authors: Nafziger Ralph O.
Published: July 2017

Speculation over the post-war press and the desirability of promoting free access to news through international organization continue to be important topics in British newspapermen's journals. Irritating aspects of war coverage got prominent display during the quarter. These aspects concern the censorship, the breaking of releases on important news, and the alleged failure of the American press and officials to play fair with the British war effort.

Abbreviations used: NW, Newspaper World; WPN, World's Press News; IJJ, Institute of Journalists Journal; J, Journalist of the National Union of Journalists.
News Notes
Authors: Miller Douglass W.
Published: July 2017

News for inclusion in this section … activities of schools and departments of journalism, staff appointments and changes, curricular developments and the like . . . must reach Professor Miller, School of Journalism, Syracuse University, by the first of the month preceding publication. News for the September issue must reach him by August 1.
British Crime Pamphleteers: Forgotten Journalists
Authors: Peterson Ted
Published: July 2017

During his thirty months with the Army Air Force in England, Sgt. Peterson gathered material for this article on a fascinating phase of journalistic history. The author is now a member of the journalism staff at Kansas State College. He is a journalism graduate of the University of Minnesota.
Combating the Practical Joker: A Potential Source of Libel
Authors: Steigleman Walter
Published: July 2017

With a broad background of newspaper experience, the associate professor of journalism at Indiana University surveys the statutes and finds that only a few states provide any legal protection against the purveyor of false information.
Nineteenth-Century American Novels on American Journalism: II
Authors: Harrison James G.
Published: July 2017

Continuing the summary begun in the preceding issue, the professor of English at The Citadel evaluates the contribution made to the history and criticism of journalism by the novelists most important for their interest in the press.
The Panama Star, Forerunner Of Isthmian Journalism
Authors: Typaldos Aristides G.
Published: July 2017

The author, assistant manager of the Panama City Star-Herald, was one of twelve Latin-American newspaper men studying journalism last year in universities of the United States. He was a student at the University of Missouri.
Press and Communications
Authors: Swindler William F. , Reddick Dewitt C. , Price Granville C.
Published: July 2017

V-J Day signaled the start of the postwar journalistic era, with almost immediate announcements of plans for expanded newspaper and radio facilities and activities, changeover of advertising themes, new editorial interest in local news, and a re-valuation of foreign news. The general labor unrest of reconversion was reflected in strikes throughout the newspaper industry, several newspapers in half a dozen cities ceasing publication altogether at the height of the disputes. The AP case became virtually a closed issue with the denial of a rehearing by the Supreme Court, and AP officials made ready to revise their by-laws in compliance with the original judgment against them. Meantime, the question of worldwide press freedom passed from the stage of academic discussion into the field of practical politics as countries everywhere began adjusting themselves to the tasks of peace.—W. F. S.
New World Journalism Demands Background and Responsibility
Authors: Ebon Martin
Published: July 2017

A member of the Foreign Policy Association staff, Mr. Ebon discusses dangers in instantaneous news transmission. He formerly was chief of the Foreign News Section, Overseas News and Features Bureau, Office of War Information.
Only a Free Press Can Enable Democracy to Function
Authors: Steinberg Morton
Published: July 2017

The author of this thought-provoking article is a Special Assistant to the Attorney General of the United States. Before entering the service of the federal government, Mr. Steinberg practiced law in Michigan.
The News is the First Concern of the Press
Authors: Wiggins James Russell
Published: July 2017

This timely challenge to editors and publishers was presented as an address before the recent AASDJ and AATJ convention in Columbus, Ohio. Mr. Wiggins is a former editor of the St. Paul Pioneer Press and St. Paul Dispatch.
The New Struggle for Freedom of the Press in Europe
Authors: Olson Kenneth E.
Published: July 2017

Dean Olson, of the Northwestern University School of Journalism, gathered information for this AATJ address while serving as chief of the journalism faculty in the American Army University at Shrivenham, England.
Education for Journalism in the Army Universities
Authors: Mott Frank Luther
Published: July 2017

This article is based upon an address delivered at the AASDJ convention. Dr. Mott, director of the School of Journalism at the University of Missouri, was chief of the journalism faculty at the Biarritz American University.
Henry Watterson's Editorial Style: An Interpretative Analysis
Authors: Plummer Leonard Niel
Published: July 2017

This article, by the chairman of the Department of Journalism at the University of Kentucky, is based on research growing out of the author's doctoral dissertation at the University of Wisconsin on Watterson as a political leader.
Use of Split-Run Techniques in Studying Ad Typography
Authors: English Earl
Published: July 2017

Dr. English, winner of the 1944 Sigma Delta Chi research prize for his investigations into the readability of newspaper headline types, here presents the first of a series of reports on various phases of advertising typography.
Press and Communications: An Annotated Bibliography of Journalism Subjects in American Magazines
Authors: Swindler William F. , Reddick Dewitt C. , Price Granville C.
Published: July 2017

The year 1946 witnessed the inauguration of several new journalistic undertakings –the U. S. State Department's international information program, the prospective doubling of the number of domestic commercial, radio stations, and new ideas for institutional advertising based on wartime experience. Of these, the first ran into immediate embarrassments as first the Associated Press and later the United Press declined to supply the government with further free service as they had done for the wartime program of the late OWI. A meeting to seek some sort of solution was requested by the State Department late in January. Meantime the question of free international news communications as a basic need for postwar international harmony continued to be discussed from the UNO down to many individual press groups, while in many war-wrecked countries the rehabilitation of newspaper and radio properties began to take tangible form.–W. F. S.
News Notes
Authors: Beth Elmer F.
Published: July 2017

News for inclusion in this section … activities of schools and departments of journalism, staff appointments and changes, curricular developments and the like … must reach Professor Beth, School of Journalism, University of Kansas, by the first of the month preceding publication. News for the December issue must reach him by November 1.
Obstacles to Domestic Pamphleteering by OWI in World War II
Authors: Gosnell Harold F.
Published: July 2017

This article was prepared by Dr. Gosnell as part of his work in the War Records Section of the Bureau of the Budget. * The author was formerly associate professor of political science at the University of Chicago and is widely known as a scholar and writer.

* The statements made herein do not necessarily represent the official view of the Bureau of the Budget.
A Selected Bibliography from British Journals
Authors: Gerald J. Edward
Published: July 2017

Among the significant developments in the quarter's news is a statement by the newly revived International Organization of Journalists which ties that organization to militant trade unionism and expresses lack of confidence in private ownership of media of communication.
News Notes
Authors: Beth Elmer F.
Published: July 2017

News for inclusion in this section … activities of schools and departments of journalism, staff appointments and changes, curricular developments and the like … must reach the departmental editor by the first of the month preceding publication. News for the March issue should be sent to Dr. Douglass W. Miller, School of Journalism, Syracuse University, who is resuming the editorship after a leave of absence. The deadline is February 1.
Research in Brief
Authors: Schor Manny N.
Published: July 2017

This department is devoted to shorter articles and notes on research in the communications field, either completed or in progress. Readers are invited to submit reports on investigative studies which might prove useful to other students because of content, method, or implications for further research.
Should Public Opinion Polls Make Election Forecasts?
Authors: Seymour Gideon , Crossley Archibald , Lazarsfeld Paul F. , Gallup George
Published: July 2017

Since the political upset last November, opinion has been divided on the question of whether pollsters should continue predicting election results. Here are the views of an editor, two poll-takers, and a communications scientist. By a vote of three to one, their answer to the question is “Yes!”
Confederate Press Association: A Pioneer News Agency
Authors: Wilson Quintus C.
Published: July 2017

During the Civil War, editors in the Confederate States organized their own press association and dealt with the problem of military censorship. Their story, generally overlooked by historians, is told by the chairman of the Department of Journalism, University of Utah, Salt Lake City.
Hard Words and Human Interest: Their Effects on Readership
Authors: Ludwig Merritt C.
Published: July 2017

Studies indicate that writers can overdo the personal approach in their copy, that reader-interest in subject matter can overrule readability. Mr. Ludwig will become assistant to the director of the School of Journalism, State University of Iowa, after receiving his master's degree there in June.
Midcity Daily: What the People Think a Newspaper Should Be
Authors: Swanson Charles E.
Published: July 2017

In a one-newspaper city, the people have certain standards they expect the paper to live up to. These standards are discussed here in the second of three articles about Midcity. The author is now on the faculty at Iowa and will become associate professor of journalism at Minnesota July 1.
Research in Brief
Authors: Holschuh Howard W.
Published: July 2017

This department is devoted to shorter articles and notes on research in the communications field, either completed or in progress. Readers are invited to submit reports on investigative studies which might prove useful to other students because of content, method, or implications for further research.
An Annotated Bibliography of Journalism Subjects in American Magazines
Authors: Swindler William F. ,   Assisted, Reddick DeWitt C. , Price Granville , Pride Armistead S. , Mosse Baskett
Published: July 2017

A concerted congressional effort to raise second-class postage rates was the chief problem facing the press in the spring of 1949. Another legislative question affecting the newspaper industry was the possibility of repeal or comprehensive revision of the Taft-Hartley Act and its effect upon the strategy of both management and labor. In other branches of communications, the commercial success of television manifestly was assured, thus providing press and radio with a permanent new competitor. The general business pause in the spring of 1949, between recession and further inflation, had its effect on advertising also. On the international scene, the long-awaited United Nations draft convention on freedom of information was submitted for debate at Lake Success, with both Britain and the United States expressing fear that the convention would be modified too drastically for them to accept.

—W. F. S.
News Notes
Authors: Price Warren C.
Published: July 2017

News for inclusion in this section … activities of schools and departments of journalism, staff appointments and changes, cur-ricular developments and the like … should be sent to Professor Price, School of Journalism, University of Oregon, Eugene, Ore. Notes for September should reach him by July 25.
An Annotated Bibliogrpahy of Journalism Subjects in American Magazines
Authors: Swindler William F. ,   Assisted, Reddick Dewitt C. , Price Granville , Pride Armistead S. , Mosse Baskett
Published: July 2017

Ethical problems played a greater prominence in newspaper activities during the spring and early summer of 1949 than had been the case for many years. The question of newsmen on state payrolls, in Florida, Illinois and New York, caused the American Society of Newspaper Editors to make an official investigation. The question of medical society advertising against “socialized medicine” touched off charges of bribery and collusion in California. Overseas the British Royal Commission of Inquiry completed its study of the press and rendered a much milder verdict than had generally been expected. In both countries, however, the press was receiving increasing warnings from laymen and from its own practitioners to be more fully conscious of its public service responsibilities.–W. F. S.
News Notes
Authors: Price Warren C.
Published: July 2017

News for inclusion in this section … activities of schools and departments of journalism, staff appointments and changes, curricular developments and the like … should be sent to Professor Price, School of Journalism, University of Oregon, Eugene, Ore. Notes for the next issue should reach him by October 15.
The Communist Conspiracy Case: Views of 72 Daily Newspapers
Authors: Simmons George E.
Published: July 2017

“One of the great landmarks in American journalism,” says the head of Tulane University's Department of Journalism in analyzing editorial opinion on the law and the verdict. Professor Simmons, a former president of ASJSA, recently became a member of the Accrediting Committee of ACEJ.
Press and Communications An Annotated Bibliography of Journalism Subjects in American Magazines November, December 1949; January 1950
Authors: Swindler William F.
Published: July 2017

The passing of the New York Sun was the biggest journalistic event of the past quarter. After more than a century of varied and distinguished activities, the paper was sold out to the Scripps-Howard interests amid charges and countercharges that labor and management were to blame for its demise. In any case, it was generally agreed that its passing was probably the most striking development in New York journalism since the sale of the World, also to Scripps-Howard, almost two decades before … Meantime various new mechanical developments were watched with the hope that they might lessen the economic strain on metropolitan publishing; another newsprint mill opened in the South, and in New England a “phototypesetter” was the latest technological idea being studied by publishers.—W. F. S.
A Selected Bibliography from Foreign Journals October, November, and December 1949
Authors: Gerald J. Edward
Published: July 2017

Abbreviations used: D, Dagspressen (Oslo); E, L'Echo de la Presse et de la Publicité (Paris); IJJ, Institute of Journalists Journal (London); J, Journalist of the National Union of Journalists (London); JD, Journalisten (Copenhagen); JN, Journalisten (Oslo); ANN, Newspaper News (Sydney); NW, Newspaper World (London); WPN, World's Press News (London).
News Notes
Authors: Price Warren C.
Published: July 2017

News for inclusion in this section … activities of schools and departments of journalism, staff appointments and changes, curricular developments and the like … should be sent to Professor Price, School of Journalism, University of Oregon, Eugene, Ore. Notes for the next issue should reach him by July 1.
Impact: A New Method for Evaluating Advertising
Authors: Gallup George
Published: July 2017

Twenty years ago the QUARTERLY published an article by Dr. Gallup on “A Scientific Method for Determining Reader-Interest.” He now describes a new technique which he predicts will change the character of advertising as much in the next 20 years as the readership method has changed it in the last 20.