bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of the physical and chemical processes of new type fertilizer based on local raw materials
Authors: Ergashev Dilmurod , Khamdamova Shokhida , Khakimov Ozodbek , Akramjonov Askarkhoja
Published: August 2024

The solubility of components in the Ca(NO3)2-Mg(NO3)2-H2O system was studied in a wide range of temperatures and concentrations using the visual-polythermal method. Based on the data obtained, a polythermal solubility diagram of the system was constructed, on which the crystallization fields of ice, four, three and two aqueous calcium nitrate, and nine and six aqueous magnesium nitrate are delimited. System of simple euthenic type. Analysis of the solubility diagram of the Ca(NO3)2-Mg(NO3)2-H2O system shows that due to its good solubility, calcium nitrate has a significant salting-out effect on magnesium nitrate, which increases with increasing temperature and concentration of the system components. Also, to develop technological solutions for the production of fertilizers, the physicochemical properties of the system solutions were studied and a “composition-property” diagram of the system was constructed depending on the composition of the components.
Efforts and regulation developments of maritime environmental recovery based on ship accident and oil spill
Authors: Saputra R. K. , Suryanto S. , Prabowo A. R. , Tjahjana D. D. D. P. , Jurkovič M. , Baek S. J. , Istanto I. , Muttaqie T.
Published: August 2024

Ship accidents are a matter that needs special attention. This paper aims to provide information about tanker accidents that cause oil spills at sea. The ship accidents in question are the Erika Ship and the Prestige Ship. The impact of this accident is an oil spill at sea that damages the ecosystem of both animals and plants. Overcoming the problem of oil spills at sea can be done in several ways, such as using chemical liquids, mechanical, in situ burning, and bioremediation. As a result of this incident, the European Union issued new regulations related to improving ship safety named Erika Package I, II, and III.
A single-pass type I membrane protein, mannose-specific L-type lectin, potentially involved in the adhesion and invasion of Cryptosporidium parvum
Authors: Zhang Xiaotian , Sun Songying , Zhao Wenchao , Wang Luyang , Liang Guanda , Wang Yuexin , Cai Baiyi , Zhang Longxian , Li Xiaoying , Zhang Sumei
Published: August 2024

Cryptosporidium is a globally distributed zoonotic protozoan parasite that can cause severe diarrhea in humans and animals. L-type lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins involved in multiple pathways in animals and plants, including protein transportation, secretion, innate immunity, and the unfolded protein response signaling pathway. However, the biological function of the L-type lectins remains unknown in Cryptosporidium parvum. Here, we preliminarily characterized an L-type lectin in C. parvum (CpLTL) that contains a lectin-leg-like domain. Immunofluorescence assay confirmed that CpLTL is located on the wall of oocysts, the surface of the mid-anterior region of the sporozoite and the cytoplasm of merozoites. The involvement of CpLTL in parasite invasion is partly supported by experiments showing that an anti-CpLTL antibody could partially block the invasion of C. parvum sporozoites into host cells. Moreover, the recombinant CpLTL showed binding ability with mannose and the surface of host cells, and competitively inhibited the invasion of C. parvum. Two host cell proteins were identified by proteomics which should be prioritized for future validation of CpLTL-binding. Our data indicated that CpLTL is potentially involved in the adhesion and invasion of C. parvum.
Positiv Leadership im Gesundheitswesen Führung: eminenz- oder
evidenzbasiert?
Authors: Ebner Markus
Published: August 2024

Das PERMA-Modell gilt als Standard für Potenzialentfaltung. Jeder Buchstabe von
PERMA steht für eine Voraussetzung, die Menschen brauchen, um ihr volles
Potenzial auszuschöpfen. Dabei ist jeder einzelne Aspekt messbar und
beeinflussbar – mit großem Nutzen für die Praxis.
Standardisierung: Die verpflichtende E-Rechnung kommt
Authors: Förderer Klaus
Published: August 2024

Ab dem Jahr 2025 wird es eine Empfangspflicht für elektronische Rechnungen geben, ab dem Jahr 2028 soll Deutschland komplett auf E-Rechnungen umgestellt sein. Was bedeutet dies für Unternehmen und Krankenhäuser?
Robotik im Krankenhaus: Technische Helfer als Entlastung für das Klinikpersonal
Authors: Dreier Tobias
Published: August 2024

Fachkräfte fehlen in vielen Bereichen, so auch in der Krankenhausversorgung. Während die Ressourcen schwinden, steigt der Druck. Robotik kann die Antwort auf dieses Problem sein.
Preisentwicklung: Energiebeschaffung – zuverlässig, umweltfreundlich und kosteneffizient
Authors: Wolf Andreas
Published: August 2024

Auch die Krankenhäuser sind von den Preisschwankungen am Strommarkt betroffen. Das Fallbeispiel Isar Klinikum zeigt Möglichkeiten zur Optimierung auf.
Prenatal detection of mild fetal ventriculomegaly – a systematic review of the modern literature
Authors: Sapantzoglou Ioakeim , Asimakopoulos Georgios , Fasoulakis Zacharias , Tasias Konstantinos , Daskalakis Georgios , Antsaklis Panagiotis
Published: August 2024

Introduction While mild fetal ventriculomegaly is frequently observed as an incidental and benign finding, it is also known to be linked with structural, genetic, and neurodevelopmental abnormalities. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the existing literature in order to evaluate the association between apparently isolated fetal mild ventriculomegaly with the presence of additional structural defects detected by fetal brain MRI, chromosomal or other genetic anomalies, and neurodevelopmental delay.

Methods This systematic review was designed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Modern literature was searched from January 1, 2011, to July 31, 2023.

Results 23 studies were included, comprising a total of 2590 patients. Nine studies assessed the association between fetal mild ventriculomegaly and neurodevelopmental impairment, including 536 cases, with normal neurodevelopmental outcomes ranging from 64% to 96.5%. Ten studies evaluated the additive value of fetal MRI, including 1266 fetuses, with the detection rate of additional brain defects that eventually altered the clinical management ranging from 0% to 19.5%. Seven studies investigated the association of mild ventriculomegaly with the presence of underlying chromosomal or genetic conditions, including 747 cases, with the rate ranging from 1.1% to 15.4%.

Conclusion The prevalence of aneuploidy and genetic abnormalities in ventriculomegaly, especially in isolated cases, is reported to be quite low and the incidence of neurodevelopmental delay appears to be similar to that of the general population in cases that are apparently and truly isolated.
Intrapartum Care for People with Diabetes—Working towards Evidence-Based Management
Authors: Fishel Bartal Michal
Published: August 2024

The consensus in the literature supports the need for careful monitoring and management of maternal blood glucose during labor to optimize neonatal outcomes. Guidelines generally recommend strict control of maternal blood glucose during labor, involving frequent checks, and the use of dextrose and insulin as needed. However, recent evidence has not consistently shown a strong association between strict control of blood glucose and a reduction in the rate of neonatal hypoglycemia. This raises questions about the extent to which intrapartum blood glucose control impacts neonatal hypoglycemia. This review aims to explore the literature on intrapartum maternal blood glucose management in individuals with pregestational or gestational diabetes, utilizing peer-reviewed journals and datasets, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and clinical guidelines. Observational studies, small sample sizes, variability in definitions of maternal hyperglycemia and neonatal hypoglycemia, and differences in measurement methods such as timing and thresholds for intervention limit the literature on this topic. Additionally, many studies may not fully account for confounding factors such as maternal body mass index, diet, and other comorbidities affecting blood glucose levels. These limitations underscore the need for a cautious interpretation of current findings and highlight the necessity for future research in this area. This review elaborates on the available data and summarizes evidence on managing labor in pregnancies complicated by diabetes. We also emphasize the need for further research to clarify the relationship between maternal blood glucose during labor and neonatal blood glucose.

Key Points
Clinical, Laboratory, and Molecular Aspects of Factor VII Deficiency
Authors: Bernardi Francesco , Mariani Guglielmo
Published: August 2024

Congenital factor VII (FVII) deficiency, the most frequent among the recessively inherited disorders of blood coagulation, is characterized by a wide range of symptoms, from mild mucosal bleeds to life-threatening intracranial hemorrhage. Complete FVII deficiency may cause perinatal lethality. Clinically relevant thresholds of plasma levels are still uncertain, and modest differences in low FVII levels are associated with large differences in clinical phenotypes. Activated FVII (FVIIa) expresses its physiological protease activity only in a complex with tissue factor (TF), which triggers clotting at a very low concentration. Knowledge of the FVIIa–TF complex helps to interpret the clinical findings associated with low FVII activity as compared with other rare bleeding disorders and permits effective management, including prophylaxis, with recombinant FVIIa, which, however, displays a short half-life. Newly devised substitutive and nonsubstitutive treatments, characterized by extended half-life properties, may further improve the quality of life of patients. Genetic diagnosis has been performed in thousands of patients with FVII deficiency, and among the heterogeneous F7 mutations, mostly missense changes, several recurrent variants show geographical distribution and identity by descent. In the general population, common F7 polymorphisms explain a large proportion of FVII level variance in plasma through FVII-lowering effects. Their combination with pathogenic variants may impact on the frequent detection of FVII coagulant levels lower than normal, as well as on mild bleeding conditions. In the twenties of this century, 70 years after the first report of FVII deficiency, more than 200 studies/reports about FVII/FVII deficiency have been published, with thousands of FVII-deficient patients characterized all over the world.
Clinical, Laboratory Aspects and Management of Factor X Deficiency
Authors: Menegatti Marzia , Peyvandi Flora
Published: August 2024

Coagulation factor X (FX), originally named Stuart–Prower factor, plays a pivotal role in the coagulation cascade, activating thrombin to promote platelet plug formation and prevent excess blood loss. Genetic variants in F10 may lead to FX deficiency and to impaired coagulation. FX variants are phenotypically classified as being type I, with the concomitant reduction of FX coagulant activity and FX antigen levels or type II, corresponding to a reduction in activity with normal antigen plasma levels. Patients affected with FX deficiency tend to be one of the most seriously affected among those with rare bleeding disorders. They show a variable bleeding tendency strongly associated with FX coagulant activity levels in plasma and may present, in the severe form of the deficiency, life-threatening symptoms such as gastrointestinal and umbilical stump bleeding and intracranial hemorrhages or central nervous system bleeding. Treatment of FX deficiency was originally based on the replacement of the missing factor using fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate and prothrombin complex concentrates; however, a plasma-derived concentrate, shown to be safe and effective in clinical trials, is now available. In addition, novel nonreplacement therapy such as small interference RNA, gene therapy, drug repurposing, and gene editing may also represent novel therapeutic approaches for FX deficiency, but further, much focused studies are needed before considering this emerging therapy in such patients.
Current-induced domain wall motion driven by spin–orbit torque and Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction in Pt/GdFeCo and Rh/GdFeCo wires
Authors: Van Thach Pham , Sumi Satoshi , Tanabe Kenji , Awano Hiroyuki
Published: August 2024

We investigated current-induced domain wall motion (CIDWM) driven by spin–orbit torque and Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) in ferrimagnetic Pt/GdFeCo/SiN and Rh/GdFeCo/SiN wires with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy at room temperature. We found that CIDWM in the Pt/GdFeCo wire exhibits nearly two times smaller in critical current density and about four times larger in DW mobility compared to the Rh/GdFeCo wire. By measuring the CIDWM under a longitudinal in-plane magnetic field, the DMI constant (D) was estimated for both wires. The estimated value of D for the Pt/GdFeCo wire is approximately seven times larger than the Rh/GdFeCo wire. It indicated that the Pt/GdFeCo wire revealed the CIDWM with much higher efficiency, mainly attributed to the much larger DMI, which may come from significantly stronger interfacial heavy metal/ferrimagnet hybridization in the Pt/GdFeCo wire.
Electrical conductivity anisotropy of InGaZn3O6 single crystals by pressurized optical floating zone growth and its oxygen annealing effect
Authors: Kase N. , Kawamura Y. , Kobayashi Y. , Inoue T. , Tanaka K. , Miyakawa N.
Published: August 2024

Large bulk single crystals of InGaZn3O6 (InGaO3(ZnO)3 or IGZO-13) have been successfully grown using an optical floating zone method under a flow of dry-air at high pressure. These crystals exhibit a distinct blue hue in their as-grown state, with notable enhancement in transparency attainable through O2 annealing. Comparative analysis with IGZO-11 reveals a substantial reduction in conductivity following O2 annealing. Moreover, a pronounced in-plane/out-of-plane conductive anisotropy ranging from 100 to 450 is observed, surpassing that of IGZO-11 under similar in-plane conductivity conditions. This increase in electrical conducting anisotropy is ascribed to the incorporation of ZnO blocks amid the two InO layers, aligned along the c axis. Based on these findings, it is concluded that the contribution of In-5s orbitals likely assumes a predominant role, surpassing that of other cations from an experimental standpoint.
Neutronics simulations for the design of neutron flux monitors in SPARC
Authors: Wang X. , Gocht R. , Ball J. , Mackie S. , Panontin E. , Tinguely R. A. , Raj P. , Holmes I. , Saltos A. A. , Johnson A. , Grieve A.
Published: August 2024

This paper presents the development and application of high-fidelity neutronic models of the SPARC tokamak for the design of neutron flux monitors (NFM) for application during plasma operations. NFMs measure the neutron flux in the tokamak hall, which is related to fusion power via calibration. We have explored Boron-10 gamma-compensated ionization chambers (ICs) and parallel-plate Uranium-238 fission chambers (FCs). We plan for all NFMs to be located by the wall in the tokamak hall and directly exposed to neutrons streaming through a shielded opening in a midplane port. Our simulations primarily use a constructive solid geometry-based OpenMC model based on the true SPARC geometry. The OpenMC model is benchmarked against a detailed CAD-based MCNP6 model. The B10 ICs are equipped with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) sleeves, borated HDPE housings, and borated aluminum covers to shield out scattered neutrons, optimize detector response levels, and make calibration robust against changes in the tokamak hall. The B10 neutron absorption branching ratio may cause the detectors’ responses to be non-linear to neutron flux >200 keV. However, our simulations unveil that, in the SPARC environment and with the proposed housings and sleeves, >99% of the detector responses are induced by <100 keV neutrons. U238’s insensitivity to slow neutrons makes this FC a promising candidate for direct fusion neutron measurements. Along with a borated HDPE sleeve, about 60% of the FCs’ responses are induced by direct neutrons.
Multi-scale characteristics and inter-scale interaction in a transitional boundary layer over an axisymmetric body of revolution
Authors: Liu Yaoyao , Pan Chong , Zhang Qingfu , Liu Jianhua
Published: August 2024

The present work focuses on the evolution of multi-scale characteristics and inter-scale interaction in a transitional curve-wall boundary layer, which was triggered by free-stream turbulence (FST), via time-resolved two-dimensional (2D) particle image velocimetry measurement. Using multi-component variational mode decomposition, 2D velocity fields are decomposed into three intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). The proper orthogonal decomposition was then applied to each IMF to reveal the corresponding statistical representative structures with various characteristic length scales. It is found that the first IMF primarily depicts low-frequency large-scale motions inside the boundary layer, which are characterized as the Klebanoff mode in the pre-transition region, as well as inclined shear layer and lift-up of low-speed streaky structures in the nonlinear stage. Meanwhile, the second IMF is characterized as mild-to-high-frequency small-scale motions, whose quick amplification leads to the secondary streak instability. Analysis of the amplitude and frequency modulation effects shows that the top-down and bottom-up scenarios alternately govern the inter-scale interaction in various transition stages. Before the transition onset, a reversal top-down scenario depicts that the small-scale fluctuations in FST positively modulate Klebanoff-mode streaky structures in the near-wall region, while in the nonlinear transition stage, the bottom-up modulation is characterized as positive amplitude and frequency modulation in the near-wall region, as well as negative ones in higher flow layer, the latter of which is attributed to the lift-up of near-wall streaky structures and their subsequent burst and breakdown.
Multiple dynamic modes of Bicoid morphogen gradient are explained by a quantum-classical model
Authors: Lone Irfan , Trindle Carl O.
Published: August 2024

Extracellular diffusion coupled with degradation is considered a dominant mechanism behind the establishment of morphogen gradients. However, the fundamental nature of these biophysical processes, visa viz, the Bicoid (Bcd) morphogen gradient, remains unclear. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy has recently revealed multiple modes of Bcd transport at different spatial and temporal locations across the embryo. Here, we show that these observations are best fitted by a model fundamentally based on quantum mechanics. It is thus hypothesized that the transient quantum coherences in collaboration with unitary noise are responsible for the observed dynamics and relaxation to a non-equilibrium steady-state of the Bcd morphogen gradient. Furthermore, simulating the associated probability distribution for the model shows that the observed non-zero concentration of the Bcd molecules in the posterior-most parts of the embryo is a result of non-Gaussian distribution characteristic to quantum evolution. We conclude that with the Bcd gradient being essentially a one-dimensional problem, a simple one-dimensional model suffices for its analysis.
A novel hybrid framework for predicting the remaining useful life of energy storage batteries
Authors: Yin Yuheng , Yang Minghui , Song Jiahao
Published: August 2024

Accurate prediction of the remaining useful life (RUL) of energy storage batteries plays a significant role in ensuring the safe and reliable operation of battery energy storage systems. This paper proposes an RUL prediction framework for energy storage batteries based on INGO-BiLSTM-TPA. First, the battery’s indirect health index is extracted by combining principal component analysis and the Pearson correlation coefficient in the battery charge/discharge cycle data. Second, for the problem that the Northern Goshawk Optimization (NGO) algorithm is prone to falling into local optimum, the Gaussian variation mechanism and nonlinear hunting radius are introduced to improve the NGO algorithm, and the Improved Northern Goshawk Optimization (INGO) algorithm is proposed. Finally, the temporal pattern attention (TPA) mechanism is introduced in the bi-directional long short-term memory (BiLSTM), which makes the model weighted to focus on the features of important time steps, and the INGO algorithm is applied to it to build the RUL prediction framework. Based on the CALCE battery dataset, the root-mean-square error (RMSE) of RUL prediction based on the proposed framework is controlled within 1.3%, which provides better prediction accuracy and generalization.
Non-CG DNA hypomethylation promotes photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation in soybean
Authors: Xun Hongwei , Wang Yadi , Yuan Jing , Lian Lijie , Feng Wanjie , Liu Shuhan , Hong Jianhui , Liu Bao , Ma Jianxin , Wang Xutong
Published: August 2024

Non-CG DNA methylation, a plant-specific epigenetic mark mainly regulated by chromomethylase (CMT), is known to play important roles inArabidopsis thaliana. However, whether and to what extent non-CG DNA methylation modulates agronomic traits in crops remain to be explored. Here, we describe the consequences of non-CG DNA hypomethylation on development, seed composition, and yield in soybean (Glycine max). We created aGmcmtmutant line lacking function of all fourCMTgenes. This line exhibited substantial hypomethylation of non-CG (CHG and CHH) sites. Non-CG hypomethylation enhanced chromatin accessibility and promoted or repressed the expression of hundreds of functionally relevant genes, including upregulation ofGOLDEN-LIKE 10(GmGLK10), which led to enhanced photosynthesis and, unexpectedly, improved nitrogen fixation efficiency. TheGmcmtline produced larger seeds with increased protein content. This study provides insights into the mechanisms of non-CG methylation-based epigenetic regulation of soybean development and suggests viable epigenetic strategies for improving soybean yield and nutritional value.
Purinergic signaling through the P2Y2 receptor regulates osteocytes’ mechanosensitivity
Authors: Chougule Amit , Zhang Chunbin , Vinokurov Nickolas , Mendez Devin , Vojtisek Elizabeth , Shi Chenjun , Zhang Jitao , Gardinier Joseph
Published: August 2024

Osteocytes’ response to dynamic loading plays a crucial role in regulating the bone mass but quickly becomes saturated such that downstream induction of bone formation plateaus. The underlying mechanisms that downregulate osteocytes’ sensitivity and overall response to loading remain unknown. In other cell types, purinergic signaling through the P2Y2 receptor has the potential to downregulate the sensitivity to loading by modifying cell stiffness through actin polymerization and cytoskeleton organization. Herein, we examined the role of P2Y2 activation in regulating osteocytes’ mechanotransduction using a P2Y2 knockout cell line alongside conditional knockout mice. Our findings demonstrate that the absence of P2Y2 expression in MLO-Y4 cells prevents actin polymerization while increasing the sensitivity to fluid flow–induced shear stress. Deleting osteocytes’ P2Y2 expression in conditional-knockout mice enabled bone formation to increase when increasing the duration of exercise. Overall, P2Y2 activation under loading produces a negative feedback loop, limiting osteocytes’ response to continuous loading by shifting the sensitivity to mechanical strain through actin stress fiber formation.
Scalar exotic mesons

bb

c

¯

c

¯
Authors: Agaev S S , Azizi K , Barsbay B , Sundu H
Published: August 2024

Properties of doubly charged scalar tetraquarks

bb

c

¯

c

¯

are investigated in the framework of the Quantum Chromodynamic (QCD) sum rule method. We model them as diquark–antidiquark states X
1 and X
2 built of axial-vector and pseudoscalar diquarks, respectively. The masses and current couplings of these particles are computed using the QCD two-point sum rule method. Results m
1 = (12715 ± 80) MeV and m
2 = (13370 ± 95) MeV obtained for the masses of these particles are used to determine their kinematically allowed decay modes. The full width Γ1 of the state X
1 is evaluated by taking into account its strong decays to mesons

2

B

c

−

, and

2

B

c

*
−

. The processes

X

2

→
2

B

c

−

,

2

B

c

*
−

and

B

c

−

B

c

−

(
2
S
)

are employed to estimate Γ2. Predictions obtained for the full widths Γ1 = (63 ± 12) MeV and Γ2 = (79 ± 14) MeV of these structures and their masses may be utilized in experimental studies of fully heavy resonances.
Impact of carbon electrode layer on the series resistance and fill factor of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cell
Authors: Rahman Mujeeb Ur , Usman Muhammad , Sayyad Muhammad Hassan , Abbas Syed Zameer
Published: August 2024

Methylammonium lead triiodide (CH3NH3PbI3) is a metal halide perovskite that is attracting great attention owing to its remarkable optoelectronic properties especially in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and perovskite light-emitting devices (PLEDs). In this work, the impact of the number of carbon electrode layers on the photovoltaic parameters and impedance spectra of hole transport material-free (HTM-free) glass/FTO/c-TiO2/m-TiO2/m-ZrO2/carbon monolithic PSCs is examined. A significant influence of the carbon electrode layers on the fill factor and series resistance is revealed. The optimum values of fill factor and series resistance are observed when a 3-layered carbon electron is used in the PSC. This is due to higher charge transportation, higher electrical conductivity, higher electron mobility, and lower recombination losses.
Computational temporal ghost imaging based on complementary modulation
Authors: Li 李 Jia-Wei 佳炜 , Zhang 张 Wei 伟 , Liu 刘 Xue-Feng 雪峰 , Yao 姚 Xu-Ri 旭日
Published: August 2024

We report an experimental demonstration of temporal ghost imaging in which a digital micromirror device (DMD) and +1/−1 binary modulation have been combined to give an accurate reconstruction of a nonperiodic time object. Compared to the 0/1 modulation, the reconstruction signal can be improved greatly by +1/−1 binary modulation even with half of the measurements. Experimental results show that 0/1 binary temporal objects up to 4 kHz and sinusoidal time objects up to 1 kHz can be reconstructed by this method. The influences of modulation speed and array detector gray levels are also discussed.
Valence electron structures dependences of structural stability and properties of REX3 (RE = rare earth; X = In, Tl) and RE(In, Co)3 alloys
Authors: Li 李 Boyang 博洋 , Guo 郭 Yongquan 永权 , Feng 冯 Yi-Chen 奕晨 , Wang 王 Xinze 鑫泽 , Liu 刘 Wei 葳
Published: August 2024

Intermetallic compounds REIn3 (RE = rare earth) have attracted much attention due to their unique characteristics: crystal field effect, Kondo effect, superconductivity, heavy fermion, and antiferromagnetism, and their cobalt diluted alloys exhibit the ferromagnetic half-metallic characteristics at room temperature. In this study, an empirical electron theory (EET) is employed to investigate systemically the valence electronic structure, the thermal and magnetic properties of REX
3 and their cobalt diluted alloys for revealing the mechanism of physical properties. The calculated bond length, melting point, and magnetic moment match the experimental ones very well. The study reveals that structural stability and physical properties of REX
3 and their cobalt dilute alloys are strongly related to their valence electron structures. It is suggested that the structural stability and cohesive energy depend upon the covalent electron, the melting point is modulated by covalent electron pair, and the magnetic moment is originated from 3d magnetic electron. The ferromagnetic characteristics of Co-diluted REIn3 alloys is originated from the introduction of strong ferromagnetic Co atom, but, a competition is caused between the electron transition from valence electron to magnetic electron on d orbit and its reversal electron transformation with increasing the content of cobalt, which results in the formations of diluted magnetic Gd(In,Co)3 alloy with minor amount of cobalt and strong magnetic Nd(In,Co)3 alloy with doping more Co atoms.
Second-order Integral Sliding Mode Motion Control for Remotely Operated Vehicle
Authors: Xiang Dan , Mo Weipeng , He Dengyu , Wang Huihua
Published: August 2024

Remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) have the characteristics of nonlinearity and strong coupling, which pose difficulties in the motion control of underwater vehicles. This paper introduces a second-order integral sliding mode control (SOISMC) for precise trajectory tracking control. Firstly, kinematic and dynamic models are established to describe the motion characteristics of the ROV. Secondly, a second-order integral sliding mode controller is designed, and the stability is verified using the Lyapunov stability criterion. Simulation outcomes validate the efficacy of the proposed controller, demonstrating superior convergence speed and robustness when compared to alternative control methods.
Golden spiral interferometry for radio astronomy. A proposal
Authors: Rodríguez Elio Quiroga
Published: August 2024

Radio interferometry is a powerful technique that allows
astronomers to create high-resolution images of astronomical
objects. The distribution of radio telescopes in an interferometer
is a critical factor that determines the resolution and sensitivity
of the instrument. Traditionally, radio telescopes are distributed
in a linear or circular array. However, recent work has shown that
using a golden spiral distribution can improve the resolution and
sensitivity of an interferometer. In this paper, the author proposes
the use of a golden spiral distribution for radio interferometry,
showing that a golden spiral distribution can provide a significant
improvement in resolution, up to a factor of eight, compared to a
linear or circular distribution. The author also proposes that a
golden spiral distribution can improve the sensitivity of an
interferometer; it may provide a more uniform distribution of radio
telescopes than a linear or circular distribution (a known propety
of spiral distributions).
Cooling air flow field in the primary mirror temperature control system of a solar telescope
Authors: Yu Jinzhi , Gu Bozhong , Jiang Xiang , Zhao Te
Published: August 2024

The temperature distribution and the difference with the
ambient temperature of the primary mirror are crucial factors
affecting the observational quality of the solar telescope. We
designed a flow field structure of the primary mirror temperature
control system based on the 2.5-meter Wide-field and High-resolution
Solar Telescope(WeHoT), analyzed the flow conditions and heat
transfer capacity of the overall flow field, and then carried out
five stages of optimization iteration and simulation guided by the
analysis results. A flow field structure for the primary mirror
temperature control system with high efficiency and high uniformity
is summarized. The simulation results for the final solution
indicate an average surface temperature of the primary mirror at
20.064°C, with a maximum temperature difference within the
reflective surface of 0.809°C, and a reduced difference
with the ambient temperature of 0.411°C. Surface thermal
deformation is less than 0.2 μm, with an RMS value of 18.05 nm,
achieving the ideal state. This work can provide a theoretical
foundation and valuable insights for future research on the
temperature control system of the primary mirror in large-aperture
solar telescopes.
Watchdog Design for Improvement of the Kartini Reactor Protection System
Authors: Sukarman  , Prawoto Rankai Rasya , Subchan M
Published: August 2024

The aging problem and the scarcity of components on the control computer at the Kartini reactor are the main factors for the revitalization process. With these problems, some functions in the Kartini reactor are not running according to design, and one of them is the watchdog system of the control computer (slave PC). The watchdog system plays a role in monitoring the failure of the control computer if there is a hang during the operation process. If there is a hang on the computer, the watchdog system will actuate the reactor protection system in the form of a reset system and TRIP (reactor shutdown). However, the system is only able to actuate the reset system while the TRIP system is run manually. In this study, a watchdog system was designed to monitor the performance of PLC and LabVIEW-based control computers. Testing is based on the output signal specifications of the control computer used and the quality of the output signal. Based on the test results, it can be seen that the system is able to read the hang and generate a delay signal to actuate TRIP.
Potential utilization of ultrafine bubbles (UFB) technology in the cleaning process as a solution to replace the use of detergents and environmentally friendly: A review
Authors: Susanto H , Herodian S , Purwanto Y A , Sugiarto A T
Published: August 2024

The waste generated by detergents is very damaging to the environment. The detergent consists of three main components: surfactants, building materials (phosphate compounds), and additives (bleach and fragrance). Surfactants widely used as detergents are generally anionic, and toxic, and can cause destabilization of living things. Therefore, finding a good solution to replace using detergents as an ingredient in the cleaning process is necessary. One of the best and environmentally friendly alternatives is using ultrafine bubbles, in the cleaning process. Ultrafine bubbles that are negatively charged and tend to collect positively charged matter. The cleaning power is enhanced by several effects of ultrafine bubbles such as; the degreasing effect, the effect of sloughing off deposits by getting between them and the cleaning agent, and the forces and shock waves when the gas bubbles burst. One of the big effects of ozonized ultrafine bubbles is very high detergency. Ozonized ultrafine bubbles have a degreasing effect of separating and removing oil as they penetrate the oil and between the boundaries with the adhering surface. Additionally, ozonized ultrafine bubbles can penetrate tight spaces between objects that touch each other, and when the ozonized nanobubbles coalesce into ozonized microbubbles, they can act as wedges to separate them.
Experimental investigation on mechanical and microstructural properties of self-compacting geopolymer concrete with different mineral admixtures
Authors: M Amala , C Umarani
Published: August 2024

Geopolymer concrete is environmentally friendly concrete as it relies on minor treated natural materials or industrial by-products like fly ash, GGBS, silica fumes etc,. which have high alumina (Al2O3) and silica (SiO2) content, significantly reducing carbon footprints. To overcome the challenge of compaction due to the highly viscous nature of geopolymer concrete, self-compacting geopolymer concrete (SCGC) has been developed to flow and compact under its weight, eliminating the need for additional compaction. Self-compacting geopolymer concrete is an innovative concrete that combines the benefits of geopolymer concrete and self-compacting concrete. In this study, mineral admixtures of fly ash, ultra fine ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), and micro silica were used in different mix proportions. For all mixes, the water-to-powder (binder content) mass ratio (w/p) was maintained as 0.35, the total powder content was 400 kg m−3, and glass fibre 1.5% of the binder content were used. The water to powder (binder content) mass ratio (w/p) selected after numerous trial mixes was 0.35. The test specimens were cured at 70 °C. In this study, to measure fresh properties, tests on concrete slump flow test, L-box test, V-Funnel test, and T50 V- Funnel test, J-ring were conducted. This paper illustrates the way an ANN (Artificial Neural Network) model may be employed to find the mix proportion of concrete mixes. The fresh and mechanical Properties of SCGC were conducted for different molarities of eight molarities, ten molarities, and twelve molarities. Microstructural studies such as x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analyses were carried out, and the results are presented.
Development of an individualized stable and force-reducing lower-limb exoskeleton
Authors: Huang Guo-Shing , Yen Meng-Hua , Chang Chia-Chun , Lai Chung-Liang , Chen Chi-Chun
Published: August 2024

In this study, an individualized and stable passive-control lower-limb exoskeleton robot was developed. Users’ joint angles and the center of pressure (CoP) of one of their soles were input into a convolutional neural network (CNN)–long short-term memory (LSTM) model to evaluate and adjust the exoskeleton control scheme. The CNN–LSTM model predicted the fitness of the control scheme and output the results to the exoskeleton robot, which modified its control parameters accordingly to enhance walking stability. The sole’s CoP had similar trends during normal walking and passive walking with the developed exoskeleton; the y-coordinates of the CoPs with and without the exoskeleton had a correlation of 91%. Moreover, electromyography signals from the rectus femoris muscle revealed that it exerted 40% less force when walking with a stable stride length in the developed system than when walking with an unstable stride length. Therefore, the developed lower-limb exoskeleton can be used to assist users in achieving balanced and stable walking with reduced force application. In the future, this exoskeleton can be used by patients with stroke and lower-limb weakness to achieve stable walking.
Automatic segmentation of echocardiographic images using a shifted windows vision transformer architecture
Authors: Nemri Souha , Duong Luc
Published: August 2024

Echocardiography is one the most commonly used imaging modalities for the diagnosis of congenital heart disease. Echocardiographic image analysis is crucial to obtaining accurate cardiac anatomy information. Semantic segmentation models can be used to precisely delimit the borders of the left ventricle, and allow an accurate and automatic identification of the region of interest, which can be extremely useful for cardiologists. In the field of computer vision, convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures remain dominant. Existing CNN approaches have proved highly efficient for the segmentation of various medical images over the past decade. However, these solutions usually struggle to capture long-range dependencies, especially when it comes to images with objects of different scales and complex structures. In this study, we present an efficient method for semantic segmentation of echocardiographic images that overcomes these challenges by leveraging the self-attention mechanism of the Transformer architecture. The proposed solution extracts long-range dependencies and efficiently processes objects at different scales, improving performance in a variety of tasks. We introduce Shifted Windows Transformer models (Swin Transformers), which encode both the content of anatomical structures and the relationship between them. Our solution combines the Swin Transformer and U-Net architectures, producing a U-shaped variant. The validation of the proposed method is performed with the EchoNet-Dynamic dataset used to train our model. The results show an accuracy of 0.97, a Dice coefficient of 0.87, and an Intersection over union (IoU) of 0.78. Swin Transformer models are promising for semantically segmenting echocardiographic images and may help assist cardiologists in automatically analyzing and measuring complex echocardiographic images.
Automated Decision-Making (ADM) in EU Public Law
Authors: Hofmann Herwig C H
Published: August 2024

This chapter offers a comprehensive exploration of the evolving landscape of automated decision-making (ADM) in EU public law, examining its impact on rights, procedures, and accountability. As ADM systems become increasingly integral to EU policy implementation, the analysis encompasses the interplay between their potential benefits and inherent risks. By delving into the role of information, fundamental rights, and intricate technical design requirements, the chapter seeks to establish a thoughtful framework that strikes a delicate balance between efficiency and the steadfast preservation of fundamental procedural values in EU public law, ensuring the continued adherence to democratic principles and the rule of law.
Automated Decision-Making in EU Public Law and Governance
Authors: Hofmann Herwig C H , Pflücke Felix
Published: August 2024

The concluding chapter encapsulates the book’s exploration of the profound impact of innovative information technologies on EU decision-making processes. The focus is on understanding the ramifications of constitutional principles and values in the face of rapid technological advancements, particularly in artificial intelligence-based automated decision-making (ADM) systems. The chapter addresses the critical challenge ADM poses to public decision-making procedures and accountability mechanisms, emphasizing the need to uphold the rule of law in this evolving landscape. It highlights the diverse approaches developed in various chapters of the volume, ranging from regulatory changes in financial governance to the influence of targeted political advertising on democratic processes. The overarching goal is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory strategies required to navigate the transformation of administrative implementation of EU policies in the digital era.
Multiview representation learning for identification of novel cancer genes and their causative biological mechanisms
Authors: Yang Jianye , Fu Haitao , Xue Feiyang , Li Menglu , Wu Yuyang , Yu Zhanhui , Luo Haohui , Gong Jing , Niu Xiaohui , Zhang Wen
Published: August 2024

Tumorigenesis arises from the dysfunction of cancer genes, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation through various mechanisms. Establishing a complete cancer gene catalogue will make precision oncology possible. Although existing methods based on graph neural networks (GNN) are effective in identifying cancer genes, they fall short in effectively integrating data from multiple views and interpreting predictive outcomes. To address these shortcomings, an interpretable representation learning framework IMVRL-GCN is proposed to capture both shared and specific representations from multiview data, offering significant insights into the identification of cancer genes. Experimental results demonstrate that IMVRL-GCN outperforms state-of-the-art cancer gene identification methods and several baselines. Furthermore, IMVRL-GCN is employed to identify a total of 74 high-confidence novel cancer genes, and multiview data analysis highlights the pivotal roles of shared, mutation-specific, and structure-specific representations in discriminating distinctive cancer genes. Exploration of the mechanisms behind their discriminative capabilities suggests that shared representations are strongly associated with gene functions, while mutation-specific and structure-specific representations are linked to mutagenic propensity and functional synergy, respectively. Finally, our in-depth analyses of these candidates suggest potential insights for individualized treatments: afatinib could counteract many mutation-driven risks, and targeting interactions with cancer gene SRC is a reasonable strategy to mitigate interaction-induced risks for NR3C1, RXRA, HNF4A, and SP1.
Going global by going local: Impacts and opportunities of geographically focused data integration
Authors: Lagisz Malgorzata , Westgate Martin , Kellie Dax , Nakagawa Shinichi
Published: August 2024

Biodiversity conservation is a global challenge that requires the integration of global and local data. Expanding global data infrastructures have opened unprecedented opportunities for biodiversity data storage, curation, and dissemination. Within one such infrastructure—the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)—these benefits are achieved by aggregating data from over 100 regional infrastructure nodes. Such, regional biodiversity infrastructures benefit scientific communities in ways that exceed their core function of contributing to global data aggregation, but these additional scientific impacts are rarely quantified. To fill this gap, we characterize the scientific impact of the Atlas of Living Australia, one of the oldest and largest GBIF nodes, as a case study of a regional biodiversity information facility. Our discussion reveals the multifaceted impact of the regional biodiversity data infrastructure. We showcase the global importance of such infrastructures, data sets, and collaborations.
Re-imagining Procedural Justice in Policing Sexual Violence: Centring Survivors
Authors: Johnson Kelly , Walling-Wefelmeyer Rosa , Smith Olivia , Hohl Katrin , Brooks-Hay Oona
Published: August 2024

Procedural justice is recognized as being of substantial value to policing and, increasingly, victim-survivors. However, little research has engaged with the meaning of procedural justice theory in sexual violence, and none have developed an understanding with and for survivors. We conducted consultations with 42 survivors via five diverse expert-by-experience panels in England. We propose the following new conceptualizations of the key principles of procedural justice: dignity and respect, equity and fairness, voice, safety and trustworthiness. These principles foreground a feminist, situated and intersectional approach, and emphasize the importance of recognition, equity and the unconditional humanity of survivors. This work offers a new understanding of procedural justice in the context of policing sexual violence, and in institutional responses to gender-based violence more broadly.
581 A Standard Base Audit Regarding Documentation of Urinary Catheterization of the Patients Who Had a Urinary Catheter Inserted in a General Surgical Ward at Sri Jayewardenepura General Hospital, Sri Lanka
Authors: Dadigamuwage S , Gunawardena S
Published: August 2024

Aim

To assess the documentation of urinary catheterization of patients who had a urinary catheter inserted in the ward and to achieve good documentation following urinary catheterization

Method

We performed a standard base audit on documentation of urinary catheterization of the patients who had a urinary catheter inserted in the ward. We collected the initial retrospective data from the patient's notes and observed any documentation of urinary catheterization. The data was analysed and then a printed document was introduced to the ward to be filled following urinary catheterization. After 5 months we have carried out the re-audit to check for the improvement of documentation.

Results

A total of 50 patients were included. Before the implementation of the printed form for the documentation of catheterization, only 2% of patients had complete documentation following a urinary catheterization. After the implementation of the form, the documentation following urinary catheterization has improved to 88%.

Conclusions

The documentation of urinary catheterization has been recommended in the guidelines to ensure patients’ safety. The documentation of the indication, pre-insertion examinations and observations, catheter details, the volume of water instilled in the balloon, characteristics of the initial urine drained, and last but not least the removal plan is important for patient management and safety. These domains have been entered in the form and introduced to the ward to be filled and pasted on the patients' notes following a urinary catheterisation.