bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Views of Male Community Elders With Regards to Medical Male Circumcision at Pfanani Clinic in Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Mothiba T. M. , Bopape M. A.
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this study was to explore the views of male community elders to Medical Male Circumcision at Pfanani clinic in Limpopo Province. A qualitative, descriptive and explorative research design was used. Purposive sampling was used whereby the researchers interviewed a total of 18 male community elders of ages ranging from 40 to 75 years who came for consultation at the Pfanani clinic. Data was collected using semi-structured one to one interviews. Data were analyzed using the Tesch’s open-coding method one theme and its sub-themes emerged. The study found that Medical Male Circumcision is sometimes not a safe procedure, there are several unexpected outcomes which are experienced, Traditional Male Circumcision predispose males to infections, the environment where the Traditional Male Circumcision is done predisposes males to bad environmental conditions, the period when the Traditional Male Circumcision is performed is viewed as a moral teaching session and lessons learned prepares boys for manhood. The study recommended that the Department of Health should conduct workshops and training for traditional circumcisers and train them on how to maintain sterility during circumcision to avoid the initiates not having infection.
Environmental Scanning Practices and CEO’s Profile
Authors: Znaidi Afef , Gherib Dorra
Published: May 2019

The main aim of this research work is to study the influence of the CEO’s (Chief Executive Officers) profile on environmental scanning practices (ESP) of industrial groups in Tunisia. Theoretical research has only supported the use of the CEO’s profile attributes to embody the concept of individual determinants in our research model. The main objective is to measure the influence of the attributes of the CEO’s profile on the company’s environmental scanning practices (ESP). The methodology adopted is quantitative, and a questionnaire based survey based was conducted with a sample population, namely, subsidiaries of Tunisian groups. The main results from the exploration of the subsidiary’s individual attributes linked to the CEO’s profile and the test of the hypotheses show the absence of the influence of the type of the CEO’s training and his experience on the groups’ subsidiary environmental scanning practices in Tunisia. However, the results have also shown that the CEO’s level of education had an influence on all the dimensions of environmental scanning practices, with the exception of information storage methods.
Bilingualism as the Medium of Educational Instruction: An Exploratory Study of Student and Teachers’ Views in Lebanon
Authors: Bacha Nahla Nola
Published: May 2019

Bilingualism as the medium of educational instruction in institutions has led to much controversy. The challenge, however, for policy makers is to address the issue of what languages are to be the medium of instruction and the place of the home and minority languages in EFL contexts as English becomes the lingua franca worldwide.  Further, research has shown that bilingual students when compared to monolingual students perform better in academic institutions as they have developed higher cognitive skills required for learning. Although bilingualism as the medium of instruction has been researched and has become more common in institutions worldwide, it is under researched in L1 Arabic contexts especially in the Lebanese multilingual/cultural context from the student and teachers’ point of view. This paper reports on an exploratory survey study of student and teachers’ preferences in one English medium institution in Lebanon as to what language(s) they prefer to study in at both the pre and university levels. Main findings indicate that both students and teachers show a high preference for bilingualism as the medium of instruction at both the pre and university levels with English the priority medium.  Implications and recommendations for future research are made.
Using an Estimate of Language Ability for Making Pass-or-Fail Decisions at an Intensive English Program in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Assiri Mohammed Shuaib
Published: May 2019

The pass-or-fail decisions at an intensive English program in Saudi Arabia are often based on assumptions as to whether the learner has passed in all language skills. For instance; if a learner fails in one skill, he is treated as if he failed in all skills. Scores that sum up skill scores or average them out are marginalized in the making of a pass-or-fail decision. Learners who fail in one or two skills, usually have to repeat the whole course of study at the levels they were attending. Hence, the current study aims to prove the adequacy of reporting total average scores along with individual skill scores and using them to decide whether a learner should pass or fail. It employed score data from 644 learners’ score reports at an intensive English program in Saudi Arabia. The results of factor analysis, linear regression, and correlation tests revealed that a total average score could serve both as an accurate estimate of language ability and as a basis on which a pass-or-fail decision could best be made. The study report concludes with practical implications that can go hand in hand with the implementation of such a research finding.  
Evaluation of Learning Outcomes Through Multiple Choice Pre- and Post-Training Assessments
Authors: Samuel Thomas , Azen Razia , Campbell-Kyureghyan Naira
Published: May 2019

Training programs, in industry, are a common way to increase awareness and change the behavior of individuals. The most popular way to determine the effectiveness of the training on learning outcomes is to administer assessments with Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) to the participants, despite the fact that in this type of assessment it is difficult to separate true learning from guessing. This study specifically aims to quantify the effect of the inclusion of the ‘I don’t know’ (IDK) option on learning outcomes in a pre-/post-test assessment construct by introducing a ‘Control Question’ (CQ). The analysis was performed on training conducted for 1,474 participants. Results show a statistically significant reduction in the usage of the IDK option in the post-test assessment as compared to the pre-test assessment for all questions including the Control Question. This illustrates that participants are learning concepts taught in the training sessions but are also prone to guess more in the post-test assessment as compared to the pre-test assessment.
Coefficients bounds in some subclass of analytic functions
Authors: Sokol Janusz , Bansal Deepak
Published: May 2019

In this paper we consider a class of analytic functions introduced by Mishra and Gochhayat, {\it Fekete-Szeg\"o problem for a class defined by an integral operator}, Kodai Math. J., 33(2010) 310--328, which is connected with $k$-starlike functions through Noor operator. We find inclusion relations and coefficients bounds in this class.
On new inequalities of Simpson's type for quasi-convex functions with applications.
Authors: Set Erhan , Özdemir M.Emin , Sarıkaya Mehmet Zeki
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we introduce some inequalities of Simpson's type based on quasi-convexity.Some applications for special means of real numbers are also given.
On Ostrowski-type inequalities for functions whose derivatives are m-convex and (alph, m)-convex functions with applications
Authors: Alomari Mohammad W. , Latif Mahmmud A. , Hussain Sabir
Published: May 2019

In this paper we establish variant inequalities of Ostrowski's type for functions whose derivatives in absolute value are $m$-convex and $\left( \alpha,m\right) $-convex. Applications to some special means are obtained.
Improvement of an inequality of G. H. Hardy
Authors: Iqbal Sajid , Krulić Kristina , Pečarić Josip
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we give an improvement of an inequality of G. H. Hardy using fractional integrals and fractional derivatives. We also obtain means of Cauchy type and prove their monotonicity.
Metodologias ativas nas aulas de Geografia no Ensino Médio como estímulo ao protagonismo juvenil
Authors: Pereira Ana Maria de Oliveira , Kuenzer Acacia Zeneida , Teixeira Adriano Canabarro
Published: May 2019

O artigo é parte das construções teóricas e intervenções práticas realizadas em pesquisa qualitativa, que teve como propósito compreender como o uso das tecnologias digitais pode contribuir na construção do conhecimento geográfico dos estudantes do Ensino Médio, de modo a estimulá-los ao protagonismo juvenil.  Os trabalhos foram orientados com base na seguinte problemática: Qual é o potencial existente no uso das tecnologias digitais da informação e comunicação para a construção do conhecimento geográfico no Ensino Médio com vistas ao estímulo do protagonismo social do jovem? Essa problemática foi delineada a partir da visão de que muitas vezes as disciplinas escolares parecem estar desconectadas do cotidiano dos estudantes.  A pesquisa de caráter exploratório teve como procedimento o estudo de casos múltiplos, onde trabalhou-se com três professores de Geografia e suas respectivas turmas, totalizando sessenta estudantes. As atividades práticas da pesquisa foram conduzidas sob o método sala de aula invertida, com uso intensivo das tecnologias digitais. Com a realização da atividade constata-se que o uso das tecnologias digitais nas aulas proporciona maior envolvimento do estudante com o conteúdo e também estimula o protagonismo juvenil. Por outro lado, evidencia a necessidade da utilização de metodologias específicas para estas aulas, pois do contrário é grande a possibilidade de compreensão das tecnologias digitais apenas como mudança de suporte para desenvolvimento das atividades de aula.
A formação do mestre no século XIII: um estudo sobre a sindérese e a consciência no De veritate de Tomás de Aquino
Authors: Santin Rafael Henrique , Oliveira Terezinha
Published: May 2019

O tema deste artigo é a proposta de Tomás de Aquino para a formação do mestre, no contexto da cristandade ocidental. Nossas reflexões, enquadradas na História da Educação e orientadas pelos pressupostos da História Social, têm o objetivo de demonstrar que Tomás de Aquino, teólogo dominicano do século XIII, concebe a formação do mestre a partir de um corpus teórico-didático que passa pelo conhecimento profundo da natureza humana e pelo compromisso com um determinado projeto de civilização. Daí a necessidade de considerarmos a relação entre ética e formação docente na obra de Tomás de Aquino. Recortamos, para este texto, as Questões 16 e 17 do De Veritate, que tratam da sindérese e da consciência. O De Veritate é um conjunto de Questões Disputadas ministradas pelo teólogo dominicano na Universidade de Paris e está, portanto, diretamente relacionada com sua atuação docente – o que, para nós, é essencial. Assim, o problema que se coloca é por que os mestres do século XIII deveriam conhecer esses elementos da ação humana.
Historicidade encarnada: um ensaio sobre arqueologia e imaginação
Authors: Pontin Fabrício , Maia Tatiana Vargas
Published: May 2019

Neste ensaio, vamos primeiro focar na importância da questão do corpo e da corporificação para a visão de Foucault sobre a subjetividade e a verdade, apontando para a localização do conhecimento como um argumento sobre os aspectos alienantes da incorporação. Além disso, vamos contrastar a intencionalidade corpórea de Foucault, que molda as possibilidades de uma narração do self, com a noção de “paisagens” em Walter Benjamin e a colocação da subjetividade como uma narrativa de um self que tenta liberar sua subjetividade de uma compreensão materialista do próprio corpo. Finalmente, enquadramos a questão da narração dentro de uma “estética da corporificação”, apontando as maneiras pelas quais o erotismo e a sexualidade podem permitir uma superação da alienação, seguindo uma interpretação aberta do método arqueológico de Foucault.
Processamento preditivo: a representação nos olhos de quem vê
Authors: Rolla Giovanni
Published: May 2019

Desde os anos 90, a corporeidade vem ocupando um papel cada vez mais central nas explicações das ciências cognitivas. Com isso, surgiram críticas contundentes, tanto do ponto de vista empírico quanto conceitual, à suposição de que a representação é a marca do mental. Apesar disso, cientistas cognitivos parecem relutar em desfazer-se do vocabulário representacionalista. Este artigo tenta lançar luz sobre a questão do suposto representacionalismo de um dos principais paradigmas das ciências cognitivas, o Processamento preditivo, revisando argumentos pela interpretação não-representacionalista de alguns de seus pontos, assim resgatando a ideia avançada pelas teorias da cognição corporificada segundo a qual a atividade exploratória de um organismo em seu ambiente não exige a geração de modelos representacionais acerca do ambiente.
Germination response to phytotoxicity of Impatiens parviflora
Authors: Baležentienė Ligita
Published: May 2019

Biochemical interactions in ecosystems have revealed the ecophysiological significance of secondary metabolites. Biochemical interaction underlies the novel weapons hypothesis thus presenting one of numerous explanations for the spread of invasive species. The knowledge of how invasive species spread in a new environment might be important for their management control. This study was aimed to determine the total phenolics content in Impatiens parviflora (I parv) and evaluate the germination response of monocot and dicot species to phytotoxicity. Wheat and rapeseed germination response to allelopathic activity of worldwide invasive Impatiens species (Balsaminaceae), namely, I. parviflora (native to Central Asia) was assessed ex situ at Aleksandras Stulginskis University in 2016. Phenolic content ranged between 0.32 and 5.53 mg g–1 in aqueous extracts of donor Impatiens. These allelopathic compounds are phytotoxic and usually reduce the growth of neighbouring plants. The data revealed their inhibition of germination and the seedling growth of both recipient species. However, the germination response was different for each recipient species due to different morphology of the seed coat. Inhibition of Impatiens extracts was recorded stronger for rapeseed (R) germination (mean 51.0%) than that for wheat (W) germination (mean 23.8%), possibly due to different seed coat anatomy and, consequently, its permeability. Therefore the strongest inhibition (93.0%) was recorded for rapeseed germination (4.5%) in 0.2% flower and fruit+seed extract of I. parviflora. Parameters of wheat seedlings also exhibited a weaker response to the extract of I. parviflora than that of rapeseed. The data revealed that Impatiens parviflora might negatively affect the regeneration of neighbouring native species in invaded habitats.
Prevalence of microscopic fungi in bee pollen
Authors: Sinkevičienė Jolanta , Amšiejus Algirdas
Published: May 2019

One of the problems with storing bee products – pollen – is their microbiological pollution. With high levels of pollen contamination by microscopic fungi, toxins synthesized by the fungi of some genera can have a negative impact on human health. During the experiment, the prevalence of microscopic fungi in pollen was evaluated, and their genera and species were identified. Pollen samples were collected at different times of the year – spring and summer – in order to ascertain the abundance and diversity of different fungal genera and species. The dilution method (CFU/g) was used to determine the number of fungal strains per sample and their amount. The total number of fungal strains in the pollen collected in spring ranged from 1.3 to 5.7 × 10–3 CFU/g, in summer –1.0 to 5.8 × 10–3 CFU/g. In the pollen, 11 genera and six species of fungi were identified. The number of fungal genera and species in pollen collected in spring and summer varied insignificantly. In spring, ten genera and six species of fungi were isolated from pollen, and in summer 11 genera and six species were identified. Penicillium and Alternaria fungi dominated the bee pollen.
Peculiarities of morphogenesis of the endangered species of wilow (Salix spp.) in vitro
Authors: Chornobrov Oksana , Bilous Svitlana , Chornobrov Oleksandr , Manko Maria
Published: May 2019

Conservation and reproduction of rare genotypes of Salix L. species, in particular the blunt-leaved willow (Salix retusa L.) and Jacquin’s Willow (Salix alpina Scop.) that are listed in the Red Data Book of Ukraine in the status of rare and endangered species, is one of the urgent tasks of the present. The aim of research was to develop methods of introduction of S. retusa and S. alpina into in vitro culture for their mass reproduction and conservation. The plant material was cultivated on a culture medium prescribed by MS, WPM, and DKW with the addition of growth regulators according to the conventional method. Effective sterilization (over 80%) of explants of S. retusa and S. alpina was achieved by applying a stepwise method, which consisted of consistently maintaining them in solutions 0.1% HgCl2 and 1.0% AgNO3 for 5–6 min. Significant results in the regeneration of explants by activating the growth of available meristems in vitro were observed on MS with the addition of 0.25–0.5 mg/l 6-(Furfurylaminopurine, kinetin) and 2 g/l activated carbon. Our further research will serve as a base for developing microclonal propagation of S. retusa and S. alpina for their conservation and reproduction in vitro.
Caracterização físico-química da seriguela (Spondias purpurea L.) coletadas no município de Barra do Bugres/MT em diferentes estágios de maturação
Authors: Neris Thamires Santos , Loss Raquel Aparecida , Guedes Sumaya Ferreira
Published: May 2019

A seriguela (Spondias purpúrea L.) é comumente cultivada no Nordeste brasileiro, sendo uma fruta que se adapta a diferentes temperaturas e é de fácil cultivo, tanto em solos drenados ou secos. Das diversas espécies que compõe o gênero Spondias, a seriguela se destaca, sendo rica em componentes nutricionais benéficos a saúde, como a vitamina C, fonte de fibras, razoável teor de calorias e baixo teor de gordura e proteínas. Sua comercialização é regionalmente feita de forma in natura. Apesar de conter um caroço consideravelmente grande, apresenta um rendimento em polpa >50%, o que comprova uma forte potencialidade no processamento industrial, podendo ser utilizada na elaboração de bebidas fermentadas, geleias, sucos, vinhos, compotas, sorvetes, licores e refrigerantes. Porém, as frutas apresentam variações nas características físico-químicas conforme o local de colheita e estádio de maturação. Diante disso, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo a caracterização físico-química da seriguela coletada em diferentes estádios de maturação. As frutas foram coletadas em três localidades diferentes do município de Barra do Bugres, MT nos estádios verde, de vez e maduro. As seriguelas foram higienizadas em água corrente abundante, descascadas e despolpadas. As cascas e polpas foram analisadas em relação a acidez total titulável, cinzas, umidade, pH, sólidos solúveis e vitamina C. Assim, a pesquisa mostrou que conforme o avanço da maturação o pH aumentou para todas as coletas e, consequentemente a acidez aumentou como também o teor de vitamina C e sólidos solúveis totais aumentaram. Devido a troca osmótica a casca transferiu umidade para a polpa. Em relação ao teor de resíduo mineral fixo a casca foi a que apresentou maior teor para todas as coletas.
La traduction en sciences humaines et sociales au Canada. Dynamiques générales et impacts du PAES
Authors: Warren Jean-Philippe
Published: May 2019

Le Canada représente un cas de figure particulièrement intéressant pour étudier les dynamiques de la traduction dans les domaines des sciences sociales et humaines. Pays bilingue où se côtoient deux langues centrales dans le champ international des SHS (l’anglais et le français), le Canada s’est doté depuis plus de 40 ans de leviers institutionnels afin d’encourager le dialogue entre les deux communautés linguistiques. Le présent article revient sur les réalisations concrètes des programmes mis en place afin, d’une part, de cartographier le réseau des échanges qu’ils dessinent et, d’autre part, de mesurer leur impact réel dans l’espace général des SHS. Dans un premier temps, nous présentons un historique de l’aide à la traduction des oeuvres savantes au Canada afin de comprendre les motifs derrière cette initiative du gouvernement fédéral et les répercussions que cela a pu avoir sur les oeuvres sélectionnées. Dans un deuxième temps, nous mesurons le rayonnement des ouvrages traduits. Reprenant une grille simple définie à partir des capitaux symboliques et sociaux en jeu, nous tâchons de présenter une appréciation de l’impact des sommes investies dans la traduction d’ouvrages scientifiques canadiens dans le domaine des SHS.
Deux solitudes ou One and a half ? La langue des articles cités en bibliographie comme illustration des pratiques scientifiques en sciences humaines au Canada et au Québec
Authors: Marcoux Richard
Published: May 2019

Avec leurs institutions scientifiques, leurs universités et leurs revues anglophones et francophones, le Canada et le Québec offrent un terrain particulièrement riche pour étudier les modes de fonctionnement et les échanges au sein des milieux scientifiques des deux différentes communautés linguistiques. Dans un contexte international où la production du savoir en français est traversée par d’importantes tensions, que certains résument par l’expression « Publish or Perish », il est intéressant d’examiner l’interpénétration des idées et des apports de chacune des deux communautés. La publication d’un article dans une revue scientifique ou la présentation d’un projet de recherche dans le cadre d’une demande de subvention oblige, nécessairement, de faire le point sur ce qui a été écrit et publié sur le thème de recherche qui est traité. Cette synthèse de la littérature s’inscrit en quelque sorte dans la structure de la preuve de toute démarche de recherche et permet d’illustrer l’apport original ou nouveau d’une recherche, en sciences humaines et sociales notamment. C’est cet aspect de la production scientifique qui nous intéresse ici et ce à partir de deux corpus d’informations. Nous examinerons d’abord comment la jeune relève scientifique du Canada et du Québec s’inspire différemment des travaux produit en anglais et en français. Dans un deuxième temps, nous nous intéresserons spécifiquement au traitement des bibliographies des articles publiés dans deux revues scientifiques disciplinaire, Canadian Studies in Population et Cahiers québécois de démographie.
Bioactivity of compounds secreted by symbiont bacteria of Nudibranchs from Indonesia
Authors: Kristiana Rhesi , Bedoux Gilles , Pals Gerard , Mudianta I Wayan , Taupin Laure , Marty Christel , Asagabaldan Meezan Ardhanu , Ayuningrum Diah , Trianto Agus , Bourgougnon Nathalie , Radjasa Ocky Karna , Sabdono Agus
Published: May 2019

The aim of this work was to isolate bacterial symbionts from nudibranchs and subsequently to determine anti-Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), cytotoxicity and anti-HSV-1 activities of bio-compounds. Fifteen species of nudibranchs were collected from Karimunjawa and five species from Bali, respectively. A total of 245 bacteria isolates were obtained. The anti-MRSA activity screening activity indicated 2 isolates of active bacteria. Ethyl acetate extracts from supernatants, indicating secreted compounds, showed an inhibition zone against MRSA at concentrations of 500-1000µg/ml. DNA sequence analysis showed that the strainKJB-07 from Phyllidia coelestis was closely related to Pseudoalteromonas rubra, the strain NP31-01 from Phyllidia varicosa was closely related to Virgibacillus salarius. The extract of P. rubra was cytotoxic to Vero cells at a concentration of 75 µg/ml. The extract of V. salarius presented no cytotoxicity at concentrations of 5-1000 µg/ml. No anti-HSV-1 was observed. This is the first reported study describing research on anti-MRSA, cytotoxicity and anti-HSV-1 activity of bacterial symbionts from the viscera of nudibranch. Compounds produced and secreted byPseudoalteromonas rubra and Virgibacillus salarius, symbionts of Nudibranch, had potential anti-MRSA activity. Extracts from P. rubra showed cytotoxic effects on Vero cells, whereas extracts from V. salarius did not show cytotoxic effects. Three compounds were identified by LC/MS after purification from culture supernatant.
Effect of photoelectrochemical etching and post-metallization annealing on gate controllability of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors
Authors: Uemura Keisuke , Deki Manato , Honda Yoshio , Amano Hiroshi , Sato Taketomo
Published: May 2019

Recessed-gate AlGaN/GaN metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) were fabricated by utilizing a photoelectrochemical (PEC) etching and a post-metallization annealing (PMA) process. In order to demonstrate the device performance and reliability, both electrical and optical electroluminescence (EL) properties were evaluated. The capacitance–voltage (C–V) characteristic showed that the PEC etching and subsequent PMA process enhanced the gate control of two-dimensional electron gas density. The PEC-etched-gate AlGaN/GaN MIS-HEMT showed the smallest sub-threshold slope of all the samples including planar-gate and inductively coupled plasma-etched-gate devices. Furthermore, the PEC-etched devices showed an extremely low 10−11 A mm−1 gate leakage current with no spot-like EL. These results indicated that the PEC etching and subsequent PMA process improved the electrical properties of the Al2O3/AlGaN interface, resulting in enhanced device performance of the AlGaN/GaN MIS-HEMTs.
Avoiding the “Axe”: Advancing Affordable and Open Education Resources at a Midsize University
Authors: Bazeley Jennifer , Haynes Carolyn , Myers Carla S. , Resnis Eric
Published: May 2019

INTRODUCTION To address the soaring cost of textbooks, higher education institutions have launched a number of strategies to promote the adoption of affordable and open educational resources (AOER). Although a few models for promoting and sustaining alternative and open educational resources (AOER) at higher education institutions can be found in the professional literature, additional examples are needed to assist the wide of range of universities and colleges in meeting this critical need. DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM In this article, the authors describe Miami University’s ongoing efforts to reduce college textbook costs for students. These initiatives were instigated in some ways by the state legislature, but were also fueled by factual evidence regarding the impact textbook costs have on the student learning experience. The authors (university librarians and associate provost) provide a description of the institutional context and the challenges they faced in implementing AOER initiatives and chronicle the steps that their university has taken to address the challenge of rising costs of course materials. NEXT STEPS Next steps for growing the programs and recommendations for other institutions looking to develop similar initiatives are also explored.
Candiduria in hospitalized patients: an investigation with the Sysmex UF-1000i urine analyzer
Authors: He Zhengxin , Liu Yanli , Wang Tingting , Cheng Yan , Chen Jing , Wang Fukun
Published: May 2019

Background

Candiduria is common in hospitalized patients. Its management is limited because of inadequate understanding. Previous epidemiological studies based on culture assay have been limited to small study populations. Therefore, data collected by automated systems from a large target population are necessary for more comprehensive understanding of candiduria in hospitalized patients.

Methods

To determine the performance of the Sysmex UF-1000i in detecting candiduria, a cross-sectional study was designed and conducted. A total of 203 yeast-like cell (YLC)-positive and 127 negative samples were randomly chosen and subjected to microbiologic analysis. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the ability of YLC counts as measured by the Sysmex UF1000i to predict candiduria. Urinalysis data from 31,648 hospitalized patients were retrospectively investigated, and statistical analysis was applied to the data collected.

Results

Using a cutoff value of 84.6 YLCs/µL, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of the yeast like cell (YLC) counts to predict candiduria were 61.7%, 84.1%, 88.6% and 66.3%, respectively. C. glabrata (33.6%) and C. tropicalis (31.4%) were more prevalent than C. albicans (24.3%) in the present study. Of the investigated hospitalized patients, 509 (1.61%) were considered candiduria-positive. Age, gender and basic condition were associated with candiduria in hospitalized patients. In the ICU setting, urinary catheterization appeared to be the only independent risk factor contributing to candiduria according to our investigation. Although antibiotic therapy has been reported to be a very important risk factor, we could not confirm its significance in ICU candiduria patients because of excessive antibiotic usage in our hospital.

Conclusions

The YLC measured by Sysmex UF-1000i is a practical and convenient tool for clinical candiduria screening prior to microbiologic culture. Candiduria is common in hospitalized patients, and its incidence varies according to age, gender and the wards where it is isolated. Candiduria had no direct connection with mortality but might be considered a marker of seriously ill patients who need particular attention in the clinic.
Lateralization (handedness) in Magellanic penguins
Authors: Stor Thaís , Rebstock Ginger A. , García Borboroglu Pablo , Boersma P. Dee
Published: May 2019

Lateralization, or asymmetry in form and/or function, is found in many animal species. Brain lateralization is considered adaptive for an individual, and often results in “handedness,” “footedness,” or a side preference, manifest in behavior and morphology. We tested for lateralization in several behaviors in a wild population of Magellanic penguins Spheniscus magellanicus breeding at Punta Tombo, Argentina. We found no preferred foot in the population (each penguin observed once) in stepping up onto an obstacle: 53% stepped up with the right foot, 47% with the left foot (n = 300, binomial test p = 0.27). We found mixed evidence for a dominant foot when a penguin extended a foot for thermoregulation, possibly depending on the ambient temperature (each penguin observed once). Penguins extended the right foot twice as often as the left foot (n = 121, p < 0.0005) in 2 years when we concentrated our effort during the heat of the day. In a third year when we observed penguins early and late in the day, there was no preference (n = 232, p = 0.59). Penguins use their flippers for swimming, including searching for and chasing prey. We found morphological evidence of a dominant flipper in individual adults: 60.5% of sternum keels curved one direction or the other (n = 76 sterna from carcasses), and 11% of penguins had more feather wear on one flipper than the other (n = 1217). Right-flippered and left-flippered penguins were equally likely in both samples (keels: p = 0.88, feather wear: p = 0.26), indicating individual but not population lateralization. In fights, aggressive penguins used their left eyes preferentially, consistent with the right side of the brain controlling aggression. Penguins that recently fought (each penguin observed once) were twice as likely to have blood only on the right side of the face (69%) as only on the left side (31%, n = 175, p < 0.001). The proportion of penguins with blood only on the right side increased with the amount of blood. In most fights, the more aggressive penguin used its left eye and attacked the other penguin’s right side. Lateralization depended on the behavior tested and, in thermoregulation, likely on the temperature. We found no lateralization or mixed results in the population of Magellanic penguins in three individual behaviors, stepping up, swimming, and thermoregulation. We found lateralization in the population in the social behavior fighting.
Retrospective study on the impact of ulnar nerve dislocation on the pathophysiology of ulnar neuropathy at the elbow
Authors: Kang Seok , Yoon Joon Shik , Yang Seung Nam , Choi Hyuk Sung
Published: May 2019

Introduction

High resolution ultrasonography (US) has been used for diagnosis and evaluation of entrapment peripheral neuropathy. Ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE) is the second most common focal entrapment neuropathy. The ulnar nerve tends to move to the anteromedial side and sometimes subluxates or dislocates over the medial epicondyle as the elbow is flexed. Dislocation of the ulnar nerve during elbow flexion may contribute to friction injury. We aimed to investigate the effects which the dislocation of ulnar nerve at the elbow could have on the electrophysiologic pathology of UNE.

Materials

We retrospectively reviewed 71 arms of UNE. The demographic data, electrodiagnosis findings and US findings of ulnar nerve were analyzed. We classified the electrodiagnosis findings of UNE into three pathologic types; demyelinating, sensory axonal loss, and mixed sensorimotor axonal loss. The arms were grouped into non-dislocation, partial dislocation, and complete dislocation groups according to the findings of nerve dislocation in US examination. We compared the electrodiagnosis findings, ulnar nerve cross sectional areas in US and electrodiagnosis pathology types among the groups.

Results

A total of 18 (25.3%) arms showed partial dislocation, and 15 (21.1%) arms showed complete dislocation of ulnar nerve in US. In the comparison of electrodiagnosis findings, the partial and complete dislocation groups showed significantly slower conduction velocities and lower amplitudes than non-dislocation group in motor conduction study. In the sensory conduction study, the conduction velocity was significantly slower in partial dislocation group and the amplitude was significantly lower in complete dislocation group than non-dislocation group. In the comparison of US findings, patients in partial and complete dislocation groups showed significantly larger cross sectional areas of the ulnar nerve. The comparison of electrodiagnosis pathologic types among the groups revealed that there were significantly larger proportions of the axonal loss (sensory axonal loss or mixed sensorimotor axonal loss) in partial and complete dislocation groups than non-dislocation group.

Conclusion

The ulnar nerve dislocation could influence on the more severe damage of the ulnar nerve in patients with UNE. It might be important to evaluate the dislocation of the ulnar nerve using US in diagnosing ulnar neuropathy for predicting the prognosis and determining the treatment direction of UNE.
Evaluation of Allelopathic Potential of Artemisia herba-alba on Germination and Seedling Growth of Raphanus sativus and Trigonella foenum-graecum
Authors: Hamad Hamida M. E.
Published: May 2019

The allelopathic effects of the aqueous extracts of aerial parts of Artemisia herba-alba at different concentrations (20, 40, 80%) were evaluated on germination and seedling growth of Raphanus sativus (Radish) and Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek) after 7 days "in vitro". Artemisia had strong allelopathic effects, it prevented the germination and seedling growth of Radish seeds, at highest concentrations (80%). Results obtained showed significant inhibition in germination percentage (GP), plumule length (PL) and radicle length (RL) of both Radish and Fenugreek seeds, and the degree of inhibition was concentration dependent. At 20 and 40% the germination percentage of Radish seed was reduced to (56.67%) and to (40%), while the germination of Fenugreek seeds was reduced to (80%) and to (63.33%) respectively. This inhibition was markedly in obvious Radish than in Fenugreek, indicating that is Raphanus sativus more sensitive, to the allelophahtic effect of the different concentrations of the aqueous extract of the A. herba alba plant.
The Suppressive Effects of Selected Plants Species for the Management of P. hysterophorus
Authors: Mtenga Neema , Mokiti Thadeo , Ndakidemi Patrick , Mbega Ernest
Published: May 2019

Aims: The present study investigated the suppressive effects of Sorghum bicolor, Sorghum arundinaceum, Amaranthus spinous, Tagetes erictus and Cassia tora on the management of Parthenium hysterophorus.

Study Design: A randomized block design was used to assess the suppressive effects of Sorghum bicolor, Tagetes erictus, Amaranthas spinous, Sorghum arundinaceum and C. tora in laboratory and pot experiments. The treatments were replicated four times.

Place and Duration of Study: Experiments were conducted at the Tropical Pesticides Research Institute (TPRI) and Nelson Mandela Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST) for three months from March to June, 2018.

Methodology: Plant to plant and seed to seed interactions were used to study the growth parameters behavior of tested plants both in pots and in laboratory settings. The germination of each plants in both laboratory and screen house was recorded soon after germination for 14 days at the interval of two days. Additionally, for pot studies, plant height, root length and biomass yield were assessed after a period of 3 months during the termination of the study.

Results: Results showed that Sorghum bicolor, Tagetes erictus, Amaranthus spinous and Sorghum arundinaceum demonstrated strong suppression on germination inhibition and plant height and root length as well as reduced biomass of P. hysterophorus. However, Cassia tora exhibited weak suppression effects in both laboratory and pot experiments.

Conclusion: Findings from this study suggest that Sorghum bicolor, Tagetes erictus, Amaranthus spinous, Sorghum arundinaceum were effective in affecting P. hysterophorus. Our finding provides bases towards developing an effective alternative to manage P. hysterophorous.
Nematode Parasites of Anurans from Three Cocoa Farms in Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Oniya M. O. , Adeyekun A. L.
Published: May 2019

The research was designed to investigate the parasitic fauna of Anurans from cocoa farms in Ondo state. Amphibians are one of the most threatened groups of vertebrates. Many reasons are attributed to the decline of amphibian species such as global warming, habitat destruction and modification, others include: exploitation, pesticide use, introduced species, ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B), pollution, parasites and diseases. A total of 31 frogs from 4 genera, Hemisus, Ptychadena, Rana and Xenopus and 7 toads from 1 genus, Sclerophrys were examined. 9 frogs were collected from Oluwateru farm at Iwoye Village; 7 frogs were collected from Folorunso farm at Ako-Igbatoro and 15 frogs from Obodulu farm in Idanre. 5 toads were collected from Oluwateru farm at Iwoye Village and 2 toads from Obodulu farm in Idanre. In all cases collection was done between 20:00 hrs and 05:00 hrs. Collected specimens were transported in sealed but ventilated containers to the laboratory where identification was done to species level. The frogs were anaesthetized until death in absolute chloroform soaked in cotton wool placed inside kill-jar for 3 minutes in the laboratory.  The gastrointestinal tracts were cut open and the contents of the various sections were put into separate Petri dishes containing normal saline.  The skin and the bladder were observed directly under a dissecting microscope for the presence of cysts and monogeneans. The parasites were fixed and preserved in 70% alcohol following standard procedure. Parasites recovered from the gastrointestinal tracts of the anurans include Cosmocerca ornata, Deising, 1861, Cosmocerca cummutata, Diesing, 1851 Paracosmocerca mucronata, Kung and Wu, 1945, Ampliceacum africanum, Taylor, 1924, Gendria liberrei Bain and Philipon, 1969 and Chenospirura asturi Hsu, 1957 Others were Procamallus brevis Kung, 1948 and Camallanus dimitrovi   Durette- Desset and Batcharov, 1974. Some of the parasites are zoonotic while a few others are established parasites of African fishes and water Birds raising probable public health concerns from the findings. Further works aimed at unravelling the biodiversity of hosts and parasites in the lush ecosystem of Ondo state, as well as identification of organisms involved in the life cycle are noted.
Medication Errors among Healthcare Workers in a Major HIV Treatment Centre in Nigeria
Authors: Ekama S. O. , David A. N. , Musa A. Z. , Olojo I. I. , Herbertson E. C. , Oladele D. A. , Adaba S. T. , Chidi M. O. , Ohihoin A. G. , Odunukwe N. N. , Ezechi O. C.
Published: May 2019

Background: Medication errors are major challenging clinical incidents in health care settings that could jeopardize a patient’s life and well being. These errors could occur at any step of the medication use process from prescribing, prescription verification, dispensing, drug administration to monitoring. This study aims to assess and classify medication errors among doctors and pharmacists.

Methods: A prospective observational study from July to September 2018. Randomly selected prescriptions were screened for errors before and after dispensing of drugs. Errors were assessed and classified according to the National Coordination Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention (NCCMERP) index to determine the level of harm it posed to the patient.

Results: Out of 1529 prescriptions analyzed, 182(11.9%) medication errors were observed; 104(57.1%) and 78 (42.9%) among doctors and pharmacists respectively. Majority of the errors were for female patients, those on first line antiretroviral drug regimen, in the age group 41-50 years and according to the NCCMERP index of the error type D. The most common medication errors among the doctors were omission errors (36.5%) and errors in patient data (21.1%) while unsigned prescriptions (33.3%) and omitting prescribed drugs from dispensed drugs (28.2%) ranked highest among pharmacists’ errors. Doctors and pharmacists (53.3% and 75% respectively) with < 5years HIV care experience had higher error rates.

Conclusion: Medication errors associated with cotrimoxazole therapy were most common for both categories of health workers and this has a potential for poor treatment outcome. There is need for continuous training of health workers in HIV management.
KAJIAN PENERAPAN PRINSIP WATER CONSERVATION SESUAI STANDAR GREENSHIP NEW BUILDING VERSI 1.2 STUDI KASUS: GEDUNG P1 DAN P2 UNIVERSITAS KRISTEN PETRA SURABAYA
Authors: Teddy Steviani Dewi , Priatman Jimmy , Susilo Nugroho
Published: May 2019

Isu green building dewasa ini menjadi sangat penting untuk diterapkan. Alasan utamanya adalah karena bangunan mengkonsumsi begitu banyak sumber daya alam, di tengah-tengah krisis energi dan air yang sedang melanda dunia. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar penghematan air yang dapat dicapai oleh gedung P1 dan P2 dengan menerapkan konsep penggunaan fitur hemat air, rainwater harvesting, serta daur ulang grey water. Penghematan ini berkaitan dengan jumlah poin yang berpotensi diperoleh gedung P1 dan P2 untuk credit WAC 1 sampai dengan WAC 6 menurut Greenship New Building Versi 1.2.

 

Untuk memprediksi penggunaan air di gedung P1 dan P2, dilaksanakan survei melalui kuesioner. Pengguna gedung P, W, dan T Universitas Kristen Petra Surabaya dipilih secara acak sebagai responden. Dari hasil kajian, desain asli gedung P1 dan P2 berpotensi memperoleh 17 poin untuk kategori water conservation dari total 20 poin. Usulan-usulan diberikan untuk menyempurnakan desain gedung P1 dan P2 sehingga bisa mencapai perolehan 20 poin maksimum.

 

Nowadays, green building issue has become very important. The main reason is that buildings consume much of natural resources, in the middle of world energy and water crisis which is happening around the world. The goal of this research is to find out how much water saving that P1 and P2 building can achieve by applying the concepts of water saving fixture usage, rainwater harvesting, and grey water recycling. This saving is related to how many points that bulding can potentially achieve for WAC 1 to WAC 6 credit according to Greenship for New Building version 1.2 standard.

 

To predict water consumption at P1 and P2 buildings, a questionnaire survey was conducted. Occupants of P, W, and T buildings of Petra Christian University Surabaya were randomly chosen as respondents. As the result of this research, P1 and P2 building original design is potential to achieve 17 points out of total 20 points. Suggestions are proposed to perfect the design of P1 and P2 building in order to achieve maximum 20 points.
Intra-Annual Changes in Waterborne Nanophyetus salmincola
Authors: Hershberger P. K. , Powers R. L. , Besijn B. L. , Rankin J. , Wilson M. , Antipa B. , Bjelland J. , MacKenzie A. H. , Gregg J. L. , Purcell M. K.
Published: May 2019

An analysis of daily water samples collected from an index site on Big Soos Creek, Washington indicated intra-annual differences in the concentrations of waterborne Nanophyetus salmincola. Waterborne concentrations, quantified as gene copies/L, peaked during the fall (October–November 2016), decreased to very low concentrations over the winter (January–March 2017), and then increased in the spring and throughout the summer. High waterborne concentrations of N. salmincola DNA (2 × 106 gene copies/L) corresponded with live N. salmincola cercariae (mean = 3 cercariae/L) that were detected in companion water samples. Spikes in waterborne N. salmincola concentrations in October and November typically coincided with increases in streamflow; this combination resulted in elevated infection pressures during high water events in the fall. The peak in waterborne N. salmincola concentrations corresponded with an accompanying peak in tissue parasite density (metacercariae/posterior kidney) in Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch that were reared in the untreated water.
Deceiving suspects about their alibi is equally harmful to the innocent and guilty
Authors: Sauerland Melanie , Krix Alana C. , Sagana Anna
Published: May 2019

A common belief in police officers is that guilty suspects' statements are less consistent than innocent suspects'. This could leave guilty suspects more vulnerable to missing inconsistencies externally induced into their alibis. Source monitoring and cognitive load approaches suggest that untruthfulness rather than guilt should predict proneness to such deception. Manipulating both guilt and truthfulness, we tested these opposing hypotheses. One hundred twenty‐six participants were accused of stealing gift vouchers after wandering about a building. When interviewed several days later, participants rarely detected alterations in their alibi (23–29%). Unexpectedly, for one of three detection measures, untruthful participants detected more manipulations than did truthful participants. Guilt did not moderate detection rates. Manipulations were equally harmful for guilty and innocent suspects, and blindness to the alibi manipulations was not useful for discriminating innocent from guilty suspects. Because blindness effects are easy to elicit in the legal context, techniques that externally induce inconsistencies should be avoided.