bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Domatically full Cartesian product graphs
Authors: Hiranuma Suguru , Kawatani Gen , Matsumoto Naoki
Published: November 2021

The domatic number [Formula: see text] of a graph [Formula: see text] is the maximum number of disjoint dominating sets in a dominating set partition of a graph [Formula: see text]. For any graph [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is the minimum degree of [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] is domatically full if the equality holds, i.e., [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we characterize domatically full Cartesian products of a path of order 2 and a tree of order at least 3. Moreover, we show a characterization of the Cartesian product of a longer path and a tree of order at least 3. By using these results, we also show that for any two trees of order at least 3, the Cartesian product of them is domatically full.
Clarifying Ambiguous Keywords with Personal Word Embeddings for Personalized Search
Authors: Yao Jing , Dou Zhicheng , Wen Ji-Rong
Published: November 2021

Personalized search tailors document ranking lists for each individual user based on her interests and query intent to better satisfy the user’s information need. Many personalized search models have been proposed. They first build a user interest profile from the user’s search history, and then re-rank the documents based on the personalized matching scores between the created profile and candidate documents. In this article, we attempt to solve the personalized search problem from an alternative perspective of clarifying the user’s intention of the current query. We know that there are many ambiguous words in natural language such as “Apple.” People with different knowledge backgrounds and interests have personalized understandings of these words. Therefore, we propose a personalized search model with personal word embeddings for each individual user that mainly contain the word meanings that the user already knows and can reflect the user interests. To learn great personal word embeddings, we design a pre-training model that captures both the textual information of the query log and the information about user interests contained in the click-through data represented as a graph structure. With personal word embeddings, we obtain the personalized word and context-aware representations of the query and documents. Furthermore, we also employ the current session as the short-term search context to dynamically disambiguate the current query. Finally, we use a matching model to calculate the matching score between the personalized query and document representations for ranking. Experimental results on two large-scale query logs show that our designed model significantly outperforms state-of-the-art personalization models.
Embedding Hierarchical Structures for Venue Category Representation
Authors: Chen Meng , Zhu Lei , Xu Ronghui , Liu Yang , Yu Xiaohui , Yin Yilong
Published: November 2021

Venue categories used in location-based social networks often exhibit a hierarchical structure, together with the category sequences derived from users’ check-ins. The two data modalities provide a wealth of information for us to capture the semantic relationships between those categories. To understand the venue semantics, existing methods usually embed venue categories into low-dimensional spaces by modeling the linear context (i.e., the positional neighbors of the given category) in check-in sequences. However, the hierarchical structure of venue categories, which inherently encodes the relationships between categories, is largely untapped. In this article, we propose a venue
C
ategory
E
mbedding
M
odel named
Hier-CEM
, which generates a latent representation for each venue category by embedding the
Hier
archical structure of categories and utilizing multiple types of context. Specifically, we investigate two kinds of hierarchical context based on any given venue category hierarchy and show how to model them together with the linear context collaboratively. We apply Hier-CEM to three tasks on two real check-in datasets collected from Foursquare. Experimental results show that Hier-CEM is better at capturing both semantic and sequential information inherent in venues than state-of-the-art embedding methods.
Social Context-aware Person Search in Videos via Multi-modal Cues
Authors: Li Dan , Xu Tong , Zhou Peilun , He Weidong , Hao Yanbin , Zheng Yi , Chen Enhong
Published: November 2021

Person search has long been treated as a crucial and challenging task to support deeper insight in personalized summarization and personality discovery. Traditional methods, e.g., person re-identification and face recognition techniques, which profile video characters based on visual information, are often limited by relatively fixed poses or small variation of viewpoints and suffer from more realistic scenes with high motion complexity (e.g., movies). At the same time, long videos such as movies often have logical story lines and are composed of continuously developmental plots. In this situation, different persons usually meet on a specific occasion, in which informative social cues are performed. We notice that these social cues could semantically profile their personality and benefit person search task in two aspects. First, persons with certain relationships usually co-occur in short intervals; in case one of them is easier to be identified, the social relation cues extracted from their co-occurrences could further benefit the identification for the harder ones. Second, social relations could reveal the association between certain scenes and characters (e.g., classmate relationship may only exist among students), which could narrow down candidates into certain persons with a specific relationship. In this way, high-level social relation cues could improve the effectiveness of person search. Along this line, in this article, we propose a social context-aware framework, which fuses visual and social contexts to profile persons in more semantic perspectives and better deal with person search task in complex scenarios. Specifically, we first segment videos into several independent scene units and abstract out social contexts within these scene units. Then, we construct inner-personal links through a graph formulation operation for each scene unit, in which both visual cues and relation cues are considered. Finally, we perform a relation-aware label propagation to identify characters’ occurrences, combining low-level semantic cues (i.e., visual cues) and high-level semantic cues (i.e., relation cues) to further enhance the accuracy. Experiments on real-world datasets validate that our solution outperforms several competitive baselines.
Personalizing Medication Recommendation with a Graph-Based Approach
Authors: Bhoi Suman , Lee Mong Li , Hsu Wynne , Fang Hao Sen Andrew , Tan Ngiap Chuan
Published: November 2021

The broad adoption of electronic health records (EHRs) has led to vast amounts of data being accumulated on a patient’s history, diagnosis, prescriptions, and lab tests. Advances in recommender technologies have the potential to utilize this information to help doctors personalize the prescribed medications. However, existing medication recommendation systems have yet to make use of all these information sources in a seamless manner, and they do not provide a justification on why a particular medication is recommended. In this work, we design a two-stage personalized medication recommender system called PREMIER that incorporates information from the EHR. We utilize the various weights in the system to compute the contributions from the information sources for the recommended medications. Our system models the drug interaction from an external drug database and the drug co-occurrence from the EHR as graphs. Experiment results on MIMIC-III and a proprietary outpatient dataset show that PREMIER outperforms state-of-the-art medication recommendation systems while achieving the best tradeoff between accuracy and drug-drug interaction. Case studies demonstrate that the justifications provided by PREMIER are appropriate and aligned to clinical practices.
Electrical Characteristics and Reliability of SiCN/Porous SiOCH Stacked Dielectric: Effects of Deposition Temperature of SiCN Film
Authors: Cheng Yi-Lung , Lin Yu-Lu , Peng Wei-Fan , Lee Chih-Yen , Lin Yow-Jon
Published: November 2021

Silicon carbonitride (SiCN) films deposited using silazane singe-precursor with different temperatures were capped onto porous carbon-doped silicon oxide (p-SiOCH) dielectric films. Effects on the electrical and reliability characteristics of the fabricated SiCN/p-SiOCH stacked dielectrics were investigated. Experimental results indicated that increasing the deposition temperature of the SiCN film increased barrier capacity against Cu migration under thermal and electrical stress and time-dependence-dielectric-breakdown reliability for the SiCN/p-SiOCH stacked dielectric. Therefore, this study provides a promising processing to deposit a SiCN barrier by elevating the deposition temperature and using N-methyl-aza-2,2,4-trimethylsilacyclopentane singe-precursor, which can be applied to back-end-of-line interconnects for advanced technological nodes in the semiconductor industry. A larger capacitance, however, is the main issue due to a larger intrinsic dielectric constant of the SiCN film and stronger plasma-induced damage on the p-SiOCH film. As a result, the related actions will be taken in the future research to improve this issue.
Response to Comment on “Investigation on Anomalous Thermal Quenching of Mn4+ Luminescence in A2XF6: Mn4+” [ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol.,
10, 076007 (2021)]
Authors: Adachi Sadao
Published: November 2021

Yan argued that an anomalous negative thermal quenching (TQ) of the A2XF6:Mn4+ fluoride phosphors was a pitfall caused by the diminishment in optical path lengths of the spectrofluorometer originating from the increasing volume of the phosphor (namely, thermal expansion) at elevated temperatures [S. Yan, J. Solid State Sci. Technol., 9, 106004 (2020)], but not from any intrinsic effects that can be rigidly modeled based on the solid-state physics. We disagree with this comment and explain in more detail that anomalous negative TQ is surely explained by the intrinsic properties of the Mn4+-activated fluoride phosphors with denying his/her previous work.
Comment on “Investigation on Anomalous Thermal Quenching of Mn4 + Luminescence in A2XF6:Mn4+” [
ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol.,
10, 076007 (2021)]
Authors: Yan Shirun
Published: November 2021

Adachi (ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol., 10, 076007 (2021)) reported that an anomalous enhancement of integrated intensity of Mn4+ luminescence (I
PL) in A2XF6:Mn4+ phosphors with increasing lattice temperature was an intrinsic property of the phosphors due to the increased phonon number that makes it possible to gain the parity and spin-forbidden 2
E
g → 4
A
2g transitions. He proposed a series of formulas expressing the temperature dependence of intensities for zero-phono line and phonon lines of Mn4+ luminescence. Despite a good agreement of the two sets of experiment data for Rb2GeF6:Mn4+ and Cs2WO2F4:Mn4+ phosphors respectively with the formulas Adachi proposed, I argue in this comment that it seems still unconvincing to ascribe the anomalous increase of I
PL with temperature as an intrinsic property of Mn4+-doped fluorides. Since theoretical derivation of the formulas expressing temperature dependence of the intensities was based on an unjustified assumption that the 2
E
g → 4
A
2g transition which is parity and spin-forbidden gains intensities with the activation of lattice vibronic modes and becomes observable. It should be spin–orbit coupling which produces a non-zero contribution of the spin-quartet states in the spin-doublet states that allows this spin-forbidden transition to occur.
Some Properties for Adjustable Entropy Function Method and Its Application to Power Systems Dynamic Economic Dispatch with Wind Integrated
Authors: Ren Yaming
Published: November 2021

With the continuous development of the world economy, the development and utilization of environmentally friendly and renewable energy have become the trend in many countries. In this paper, we study the dynamic economic dispatch with wind integrated. Firstly, we take advantage of the positive and negative spinning reserve to deal with wind power output prediction errors in order to establish a dynamic economic dispatch model of wind integrated. The existence of a min function makes the dynamic economic dispatch model nondifferentiable, which results in the inability to directly use the traditional mathematical methods based on gradient information to solve the model. Inspired by the aggregate function, we can easily transform the nondifferentiable model into a smooth model when parameter p tends to infinity. However, the aggregate function will cause data overflow when p tends to infinity. Then, for solving this problem, we take advantage of the adjustable entropy function method to replace of aggregate function method. In addition, we further discuss the adjustable entropy function method and point out that the solution generated by the adjustable entropy function method can effectively approximate the solution of the original problem without parameter p tending to infinity. Finally, simulation experiments are given, and the simulation results prove the effectiveness and correctness of the adjustable entropy function method.
Novel Elongator Protein 2 Inhibitors Mitigating Tumor Necrosis Factor‐α Induced Osteogenic Differentiation Inhibition
Authors: Wu Wen-Jiao , Xia Chang-Liang , Ou Shuan-Ji , Yang Yang , Ma Yun-Fei , Hou Yi-Long , Yang Qing-Po , Zhang Jun , Li Jian-Wei , Qi Yong , Xu Chang-Peng
Published: November 2021

Tumor necrosis factor‐α is a common cytokine that increases in inflammatory processes, slows the differentiation of bone formation, and induces osteodystrophy in the long‐term inflammatory microenvironment. Our previous study confirmed that the Elongation protein 2 (ELP2) plays a significant role in osteogenesis and osteogenic differentiation, which is considered a drug discovery target in diseases related to bone formation and differentiation. In this study, we applied an in silico virtual screening method to select molecules that bind to the ELP2 protein from a chemical drug molecule library and obtained 95 candidates. Then, we included 11 candidates by observing the docking patterns and the noncovalent bonds. The binding affinity of the ELP2 protein with the candidate compounds was examined by SPR analysis, and 5 out of 11 compounds performed good binding affinity to the mouse ELP2 protein. After in vitro cell differentiation assay, candidates 2# and 5# were shown to reduce differentiation inhibition after tumor necrosis factor‐α stimulation, allowing further optimization and development for potential clinical treatment of inflammation‐mediated orthopedic diseases.
An Orthopedic Auxiliary Diagnosis System Based on Image Recognition Technology
Authors: Guo Yang , Chen Chen
Published: November 2021

There are many kinds of orthopedic diseases with complex professional background, and it is easy to miss diagnosis and misdiagnosis. The computer-aided diagnosis system of orthopedic diseases based on the key technology of medical image processing can locate and display the lesion location area by visualization, measuring and providing disease diagnosis indexes. It is of great significance to assist orthopedic doctors to diagnose orthopedic diseases from the perspective of visual vision and quantitative indicators, which can improve the diagnosis rate and accuracy of orthopedic diseases, reduce the pain of patients, and shorten the treatment time of diseases. To solve the problem of possible spatial inconsistency of medical images of orthopedic diseases, we propose an image registration method based on volume feature point selection and Powell. Through the linear search strategy of golden section method and Powell algorithm optimization, the best spatial transformation parameters are found, which maximizes the normalized mutual information between images to be registered, thus ensuring the consistency of two-dimensional spatial positions. According to the proposed algorithm, a computer-aided diagnosis system of orthopedic diseases is developed and designed independently. The system consists of five modules, which can complete many functions such as medical image input and output, algorithm processing, and effect display. The experimental results show that the system developed in this paper has good results in cartilage tissue segmentation, bone and urate agglomeration segmentation, urate agglomeration artifact removal, two-dimensional and three-dimensional image registration, and visualization. The system can be applied to clinical gout and cartilage defect diagnosis and evaluation, providing sufficient basis to assist doctors in making diagnosis decisions.
An Overview of Supervised Machine Learning Methods and Data Analysis for COVID-19 Detection
Authors: Tchagna Kouanou Aurelle , Mih Attia Thomas , Feudjio Cyrille , Djeumo Anges Fleurio , Ngo Mouelas Adèle , Nzogang Mendel Patrice , Tchito Tchapga Christian , Tchiotsop Daniel
Published: November 2021

Background and Objective. To mitigate the spread of the virus responsible for COVID-19, known as SARS-CoV-2, there is an urgent need for massive population testing. Due to the constant shortage of PCR (polymerase chain reaction) test reagents, which are the tests for COVID-19 by excellence, several medical centers have opted for immunological tests to look for the presence of antibodies produced against this virus. However, these tests have a high rate of false positives (positive but actually negative test results) and false negatives (negative but actually positive test results) and are therefore not always reliable. In this paper, we proposed a solution based on Data Analysis and Machine Learning to detect COVID-19 infections. Methods. Our analysis and machine learning algorithm is based on most cited two clinical datasets from the literature: one from San Raffaele Hospital Milan Italia and the other from Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein São Paulo Brasilia. The datasets were processed to select the best features that most influence the target, and it turned out that almost all of them are blood parameters. EDA (Exploratory Data Analysis) methods were applied to the datasets, and a comparative study of supervised machine learning models was done, after which the support vector machine (SVM) was selected as the one with the best performance. Results. SVM being the best performant is used as our proposed supervised machine learning algorithm. An accuracy of 99.29%, sensitivity of 92.79%, and specificity of 100% were obtained with the dataset from Kaggle (https://www.kaggle.com/einsteindata4u/covid19) after applying optimization to SVM. The same procedure and work were performed with the dataset taken from San Raffaele Hospital (https://zenodo.org/record/3886927#.YIluB5AzbMV). Once more, the SVM presented the best performance among other machine learning algorithms, and 92.86%, 93.55%, and 90.91% for accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, respectively, were obtained. Conclusion. The obtained results, when compared with others from the literature based on these same datasets, are superior, leading us to conclude that our proposed solution is reliable for the COVID-19 diagnosis.
Can Highway Networks Promote Productivity? Evidence from China
Authors: Lin Yumei , Huang Junpei
Published: November 2021

The total mileage of highways in China ranks first in the world and constitutes an important symbol of China’s modernization. Economists, however, continue to debate whether highways always promote economic growth in every region and how to assess the impact. In this paper, we first use the OD-MATRIX method to calculate the shortest highway traveling time among 332 prefecture-level cities in China from 2000 to 2013. It is shown that the reduction of traveling time brought by highway construction significantly improves enterprise productivity. Second, to further explore the mechanism at work, we apply market potential approach to examine its effect on productivity. It is found that on average, the enhanced market potential induced by highway construction in China positively affect enterprise productivity. Finally, we calculate urban centrality via the space gravity model and conduct a sample regression according to the rank of urban centrality. Interestingly, we find that the impact of highways on productivity varies depending on cities’ degree of urban centrality. Highways have a positive impact in high-centrality cities but a negative impact in low-centrality cities. This correlation can be explained, in turn, by factors that include labor and capital flow from low-centrality cities to high-centrality cities.
Effect of Salbutamol on Lung Ventilation in Children with Cystic Fibrosis: Comprehensive Assessment Using Spirometry, Multiple-Breath Washout, and Functional Lung Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Kieninger Elisabeth , Willers Corin , Röthlisberger Katrin , Yammine Sophie , Pusterla Orso , Bauman Grzegorz , Stranzinger Enno , Bieri Oliver , Latzin Philipp , Casaulta Carmen
Published: November 2021

Background: Inhalation therapy is one of the cornerstones of the daily treatment regimen in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Recommendations regarding the addition of bronchodilators, especially salbutamol are conflicting due to the lack of evidence. New diagnostic measures such as multiple-breath washout (MBW) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have the potential to reveal new insights into bronchodilator effects in patients with CF. Objective: The objective of the study was to comprehensively assess the functional response to nebulized inhalation with salbutamol in children with CF. Methods: Thirty children aged 6–18 years with stable CF performed pulmonary function tests, MBW, and matrix pencil-MRI before and after standardized nebulized inhalation of salbutamol. Results: Lung clearance index decreased (improved) by −0.24 turnover (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.53 to 0.06; p = 0.111). Percentage of the lung volume with impaired fractional ventilation and relative perfusion decreased (improved) by −0.79% (CI: −1.99 to 0.42; p = 0.194) and −1.31% (CI: −2.28 to −0.35; p = 0.009), respectively. Forced expiratory volume (FEV1) increased (improved) by 0.41 z-score (CI: 0.24–0.58; p < 0.0001). We could not identify specific clinical factors associated with a more pronounced effect of salbutamol. Conclusions: There is a positive short-term effect of bronchodilator inhalation on FEV1 in patients with CF, which is independent of ventilation inhomogeneity. Heterogeneous response between patients suggests that for prediction of a therapeutic effect this should be tested by spirometry in every patient individually.
The Effect of Interferon-Beta Therapy on T-Helper 17/miR-326 and T-Helper 1/miR-29b-3p Axis in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Authors: Karimi Leila , Eskandari Nahid , Shaygannejad Vahid
Published: November 2021

Background: We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of interferon-beta (IFN-β) on hsa-miR29b-3p and hsa-miR326 in isolated T-helper (Th)1 and Th17 cells expressed by relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients before and after 1 year of treatment with IFN-β. Methods: The study was done on 19 RRMS patients pre- and posttreatment with IFN-β to evaluate the frequency of Th1 and Th17 cells by flow cytometry. The expression level of hsa-miR-29b-3p and hsa-miR-326 in isolated Th1 and Th17 cells was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was also used to measure the plasma levels of I interferon -gamma and interleukin (IL)-17A. Results: Th17 cells and plasma levels of IL-17A decreased in RRMS patients after IFN-β therapy but hsa-miR-29b-3p and hsa-miR-326 expression had no significant change in treated RRMS patients versus baseline. MxA gene expression was significantly induced upon IFN-β therapy in patients with RRMS. Conclusion: IFN-β therapy is more effective on Th17 than Th1, but it does not reform altered expression of hsa-miR-326 and hsa-miR-29b-3p in Th17 and Th1, respectively.
The Impact of a Structured Virtual Reality Simulation Training Curriculum for Novice Endoscopists
Authors: Silva Mendes Sofia , Areia Miguel , Dinis Ribeiro Mário , Rolanda Carla
Published: November 2021

Background: Current evidence supports the use of virtual reality (VR) simulation-based training for novice endoscopists. However, there is still a need for a standardized induction programme which ensures sufficient preparation, with knowledge and basic skills, before their approach to patient-based training. We designed a structured progressive programme in upper endoscopy and colonoscopy and aimed to determine its impact on cognitive and technical performance. Methods: Prospective, multicentre study, focused on “Endoscopy I, 2018,” a course with a theoretical and a hands-on module (20 h) in the GI Mentor II®. Gastroenterology residents of the 1st year were enrolled. A pre-test and test were applied to evaluate the cognitive component, and a pre-training and post-training esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and colonoscopy VR cases were used to evaluate the technical component. The hands-on training included psychomotor exercises (Navigation I, Endobubble I), 4 EGD, and 4 colonoscopy VR cases. The metrics applied for technical skills evaluation were time to reach the second portion of duodenum (D2)/cecum (seconds), efficiency of screening (%), and time the patient was in pain (%). Results: Twenty-three participants were included, majority female (67%), 26 ± 0.7 years old. Comparing the pre-test versus test, the cognitive score significantly improved (11/15 vs. 14/15; p < 0.001). Considering the technical assessment after training: in EGD, the time to D2 was significantly lower (193 vs. 63 s; p < 0.001), and the efficiency of screening significantly better (64 vs. 91%; p < 0.001); in colonoscopy, the time to reach the cecum was significantly lower (599 vs. 294 s; p = 0.001), the time the patient was in pain was significantly lower (27 vs. 10%; p = 0.005), and the efficiency of screening had a tendency towards improvement (50 vs. 68%; p = 0.062). Conclusion: The proposed training curriculum in basic endoscopy for novices is aligned with international recommendations and demonstrated a significant impact on cognitive and technical skills learning achievements.
Use of Remifentanil Associated with Lidocaine for Feticides in Late Terminations of Pregnancy: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Rayssiguier Romy , Fuchs Florent , Mousty Eve , Morau Estelle , Hlioua Tarik , Wells Constance , Musizzano Yuri , Nagot Nicolas , Graf Christelle , Legoux Charles , Boulot Pierre , Dumont Coralie
Published: November 2021

Introduction: In France, performance of a termination of pregnancy is legally possible without any gestational age limit. After 22 weeks of gestation, a feticide is ethically performed using usually sufentanil and lidocaine. The aim of this study was to compare the use of remifentanil, a fast-acting morphine-derivating product, instead of sufentanil. Methods: This 2-center randomized, controlled, single-blinded phase-III treatment trial had 2 parallel arms: an experimental group using remifentanil with lidocaine versus a control group receiving sufentanil associated with lidocaine. This trial took place over a 40-month period. The primary outcome was time to fetal asystole after lidocaine injection. The secondary outcome measures were the procedure’s success rate, the rate of serious maternal side effects, and the presence of cellular or tissue modifications. Results: The study included 66 women, randomized into 2 groups of similar size and characteristics. Time to fetal asystole did not differ significantly between the groups, with a delay of 4 min (Q1−Q3, 2–11) in the sufentanil group and 4 min (Q1−Q3, 1–10) in the remifentanil group (p = 0.84). Similarly, the success rate of the procedure did not differ significantly. Fetal asystole was procured in <2 min and persisted >1 min for 16 (25.8%) women in our total population: 7 (22.5%) in the sufentanil group and 9 (29.0%) in the remifentanil group, p = 0.77. No severe maternal side effects were observed. Among the 49 fetopathological examinations performed, the few tissue and cell modifications observed did not cause any interpretation difficulties in either group. Discussion/Conclusion: Use of remifentanil instead of sufentanil for feticide procedure did not improve time to fetal asystole. No harmful effect was observed for either maternal tolerance or interpretation of the histologic slides.
Sirtuin 5-Mediated Lysine Desuccinylation Protects Mitochondrial Metabolism Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Mice
Authors: Xiao Zhi-Peng , Lv Tao , Hou Pin-Pin , Manaenko Anatol , Liu Yuandong , Jin Yichao , Gao Li , Jia Feng , Tian Yang , Li Peiying , Zhang John H. , Hu Qin , Zhang Xiaohua
Published: November 2021

Background and Purpose:

Sirt5 (Sirtuin 5) desuccinylates multiple metabolic enzymes and plays an important role in maintaining energy homeostasis. The goal of this study was to determine whether Sirt5-mediated desuccinylation restores the energy metabolism and protects brain against subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Methods:

Male C57BL/6 or Sirt5
−/−
mice were used. The endovascular perforation SAH model was applied. Protein lysine succinylation in the brain cortex was examined using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. The brain metabolism was evaluated by measurement of brain pH as well as ATP and reactive oxygen species level. Neuronal cell death and neurobehavioral deficits were assessed 24 hours after SAH. The expression and desuccinylation activity of Sirt5, lysine succinylation of citrate synthase and ATP synthase subunits were investigated by Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA in SAH mice and patients. Furthermore, the benefits of resveratrol-mediated Sirt5 activation were investigated.

Results:

A total of 211 lysine succinylation sites were differentially expressed on 170 proteins in mice brain after SAH. Thirty-nine percent of these succinylated proteins were localized in mitochondria and they are related to energy metabolism. SAH caused a decrease of Sirt5 expression and succinylated citrate synthase as well as the subunits of ATP synthase, subsequently lowered brain pH, reduced ATP and increased reactive oxygen species production, leading to neuronal cell death, and neurological deficits. Knockdown of Sirt5 aggravated SAH-induced effects, mentioned above. Administration of resveratrol resulted in activation of Sirt5. The activation was accompanied both with restoration of the mitochondrial metabolism and alleviation of early brain injury as well as with desuccinylating citrate synthase and ATP synthase.

Conclusions:

Protein lysine succinylation is a biochemical hallmark of metabolic crisis after SAH, and disruption of lysine succinylation through activation of Sirt5 might be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of SAH.
Zhengica cornuta gen. nov., sp. nov., a new genus and species of Pentatomidae from East Asia (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)
Authors: RÉDEI DÁVID , TSAI JING-FU
Published: November 2021

Zhengica cornuta gen. nov., sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Pentatominae: Pentatomini) from Shanxi, China, is described, illustrated, and its phylogenetic affinities are discussed. The genus is recognized as a generalized member of the clade of Pentatoma Olivier, 1789 and related genera, its phylogenetically closest relative is probably Cervicoris Hsiao & Cheng, 1977.
Maxillary sinus pneumatization and augmentation: A three-dimensional finite element analysis
Authors: Jiang Yanbo , Gong Ming , Chen Donghui , Li Jiaojie , Zhou Hailun , Lin Yongfeng , Tang Li
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to explore the biomechanical behaviors of maxillary sinus elevation with bone grafts of various heights and widths using three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis. We constructed 27 3D finite element models according to bone graft dimensions for three maxillary
sinuses. These models were classified as (i) tapered, (ii) ovoid, and (iii) square. Each maxillary sinus type was analyzed with bone graft heights of 3 mm, 6 mm, and 9 mm and mesiodistal bone graft widths of 8 mm, 10 mm, and 12 mm. Different sinus pressure of 100 Pa, 500 Pa, and 1,000 Pa was
applied to each aspect of the maxillary sinus. The maximum von Mises (max-VM) stress for each bone graft model was highest in the square group. The bone graft’s max-VM stress was decreased while increasing bone graft height from 3 to 9 mm in the tapered and square groups. In the ovoid
group, the max-VM stress of all bone graft models decreased when the bone graft height increased from 3 to 6 mm. Thus 6 mm is the most appropriate bone graft height for all types of maxillary sinus elevation.
A preliminary study on the application of paramagnetic composite nanoparticles in the navigation of hepatectomy
Authors: Shen Bin , Sun Shugang
Published: November 2021

As the preferred treatment strategy for primary liver cancer, hepatic resection surgery can effectively improve the survival of liver cancer patients without relying on other treatments. However, traditional hepatic resection surgery cannot achieve precise localization of the cancer
foci boundary. Therefore, improving hepatectomy targeting and reducing the metabolic rate of contrast agents in vivo has become an urgent challenge. This study constructed a novel indocyanine green nanocomposite fluorescent contrast agent, known as indocyanine green-carboxymethyl chitosan/superparamagnetic
iron oxide nanoparticle (ICG-CMCS/SIO NP), based on a superparamagnetic iron oxide. The carboxymethyl chitosan and indocyanine green (ICG)’s graft copolymer served as a nanomaterial shell. This shell enhanced ICG targeting’s control ability and stability while effectively retaining
its core magnetic properties. Thus, ICG-CMCS/SIO NPs should provide a novel idea for the study of clinical hepatocellular carcinoma resection surgery navigation.
Oxide scale behavior of Al–7.5 mass%Mg alloy containing trace Ca during short-term oxidation
Authors: Ha Seong-Ho , Yoon Young-Ok , Kim Bong-Hwan , Lim Hyun-Kyu , Lim Sung-Hwan , Kim Shae K.
Published: November 2021

In this study, using transmission electron microscopy and phase diagrams from thermodynamic calculations, we investigated the oxide film formation of Al–7.5 mass%Mg alloy containing Ca traces during short-term oxidation in terms of the thermodynamic stability and multi-element
oxides by inter-diffusion based on the results of analysis for the oxide film. For the oxidation test at 515 ˚C, for 1 h, its results showed that there is no significant difference between the Ca-added and Ca-free Al–7.5 mass%Mg alloys was observed, while further exposure caused
the Ca-free alloy to gain significant weight. Based on the standard Gibbs free energy for oxide production calculated in this study, CaO was the most preferential product among the single metal oxides examined. As per calculations for MgAl2O4-spinel formation reactions,
the spinel formation from MgO was thermodynamically the most favorable. According to the phase diagrams calculated in this study, various multi-element oxides including Ca could possibly form in the oxide layer of Ca-added alloy. The analysis results of transmission electron microscopy confirmed
that MgO is the primary oxide in the Al–Mg binary alloys. In oxidation tests conducted for less than 1 h, the spinel was rarely found. The outmost areas of oxide layers correspond to MgO and CaO in Ca-free and Ca-added alloys, respectively. However, in the Ca-added alloy, the inner layer
contains certain amounts of Ca, Al, and Mg.
Nanograin size effects on deformation mechanisms and mechanical properties of nickel: A molecular dynamics study
Authors: Barboza Alexandre Melhorance , Bastos Ivan Napoleão , Aliaga Luis César Rodríguez
Published: November 2021

The grain size refinement of metallic materials to the nanometer scale produces interesting properties compared to the coarse-grained counterparts. Their mechanical behavior, however, cannot be explained by the classical deformation mechanisms. Using molecular dynamics simulations,
the present work examines the influence of grain size on the deformation mechanisms and mechanical properties of nanocrystalline nickel. Samples with grain sizes from 3.2 to 24.1 nm were created using the Voronoi tessellation method and simulated in tensile and relaxation tests. The yield
and ultimate tensile stresses follow an inverse Hall-Petch relationship for grain sizes below ca. 20 nm. For samples within the conventional Hall-Petch regime, no perfect dislocations were observed. Nonetheless, a few extended dislocations were nucleated from triple junctions, suggesting that
the suppression of conventional slip mechanism is not uniquely responsible for the inverse Hall-Petch behavior. For samples respecting the inverse Hall-Petch regime, the high number of triple junctions and grain boundaries allowed grain rotation, grain boundary sliding, and diffusion-like
behavior that act as competitive deformation mechanisms. For all samples, the atomic configuration analysis showed that Shockley partial dislocations are nucleated at grain boundaries, crossing the grain before being absorbed in opposite grain boundaries, leaving behind stacking faults. Interestingly,
the stress relaxation tests showed that the strain rate sensitivity decreases with grain size for a specific grain size range, whereas for grains below approximately 10 nm, the strain rate sensitivity increases as observed experimentally. Repeated stress relaxation tests were also performed
to obtain the effective activation volume parameter. However, the expected linear trend in pertinent plots required to obtain this parameter was not found.
The clinical value of EEG monitoring and silver nanoparticles to detect the levels of serum Nesfatin-1, S100β and neuron-specific enolase in evaluating the severity and prognosis of epilepsy
Authors: Yu Aihui , Liu Qi , Sun Chenjing
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to explore the clinical value of electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring and the use of silver nanoparticles to detect serum levels of Nesfatin-1, S100β and Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in assessing the severity and prognosis of epilepsy. A total of 54 epilepsy
patients treated at our hospital from June 2017 to June 2019 were selected as the epilepsy group, and 54 healthy subjects were selected as the control group. EEG and serum levels of Nesfatin-1, S100β, and NSE in epilepsy patients without seizure and within 1 hour of seizure were
ascertained and compared. The Liverpool Seizure Severity Scale (LSSS) score was used to evaluate the severity of epilepsy in patients, and the correlation between EEG findings and serum Nesfatin-1, S100β , and NSE levels was analyzed. ROC analysis was also conducted on the levels
of the three factors. The patients were followed up for 1 year, the mortality rate was calculated, and the levels of Nesfatin-1, S100β, and NSE in deceased and non-deceased patients were compared. There were 50 cases (92.6%) with EEG abnormalities in the epilepsy group and 31 cases
(57.4%) with epileptic EEGs in the epileptic non-seizure group. There was a significant difference in the proportion of abnormal EEGs between the two groups of epilepsy patients (P <0.05); the biomarker (Nesfatin-1, S100β, and NSE) serum levels were higher in both the
non-seizure group and epileptic group than the control group, and the levels in the seizure group were higher than those in the non-seizure group (P < 0.05); seizures in patients with epilepsy were positively correlated with EEG abnormalities and biomarker serum levels. There was,
however, no significant correlation between EEG abnormalities and biomarker serum levels. ROC analysis of epilepsy patients and their serum levels of Nesfatin-1, S100β and NSE showed that the area under the curve corresponding to each index was 0.850, 0.881, and 0.868, respectively
(P < 0.05). With regards to deceased patients, the proportion with an abnormal EEG was 100% (15/15), which was higher than 41.0% (16/39) of non-deceased patients. Serum levels of biomarkers were also significantly higher than those in non-deceased patients (P < 0.05). Changes
in EEG and biomarker serum levels were closely related to the severity of epilepsy. The proportion of patients with abnormal EEGs during seizure periods was higher, and the expression of serum Nesfatin-1, S100β and NSE was also increased, which means they can be used as markers
of epilepsy and have an impact on its prognosis
Mechanisms of Internal Atlantic Multidecadal Variability in HadGEM3-GC3.1 at Two Different Resolutions
Authors: Lai W. K. M. , Robson J. I. , Wilcox L. J. , Dunstone N.
Published: November 2021

This study broadly characterizes and compares the key processes governing internal Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV) in two resolutions of HadGEM3-GC3.1: N216ORCA025, corresponding to ∼60 km in the atmosphere and 0.25° in the ocean, and N96ORCA1 (∼135 km in the atmosphere and 1° in the ocean). Both models simulate AMV with a time scale of 60–80 years, which is related to low-frequency ocean and atmosphere circulation changes. In both models, ocean heat transport convergence dominates polar and subpolar AMV, whereas surface heat fluxes associated with cloud changes drive subtropical AMV. However, details of the ocean circulation changes differ between the models. In N216 subpolar subsurface density anomalies propagate into the subtropics along the western boundary, consistent with the more coherent circulation changes and widespread development of SST anomalies. In contrast, N96 subsurface density anomalies persist in the subpolar latitudes for longer, so circulation anomalies and the development of SST anomalies are more centered there. The drivers of subsurface density anomalies also differ between models. In N216, the NAO is the dominant driver, while upper-ocean salinity-controlled density anomalies that originate from the Arctic appear to be the dominant driver in N96. These results further highlight that internal AMV mechanisms are model dependent and motivate further work to better understand and constrain the differences.
The Effect of High Glucose Intake on Weight Gain in Very Low Birth Weight Neonates: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Choobdar Farhad , Mazouri Ali , Firuzian Farnaz , Ghasemzadeh Maral , Vahedi Zahra
Published: November 2021

This study aims at evaluating the effect of high glucose intake as a component of total parenteral nutrition on birth weight (BW) regain in very low birth weight neonates. Ninety newborns with BW <1500 g were randomized to control or experimental groups. Both groups received the same total parenteral nutrition regimens except glucose intake provided by dextrose water (DW) serum: 7 to 15 g/kg/d (10% DW) in the former versus 8.75 to 18.75 g/kg/d (12.5% DW) in the latter. Body weight as the primary outcome was monitored until the BW was regained. Results revealed that neonates who received 12.5% DW regained BW significantly faster (10.98 ± 2.46 vs 13.24 ± 4.03 days, P = .024) and needed lesser duration of respiratory support (5.34 ± 2.11 vs 7.17 ± 3.19 days, P = .003). As the proposed intervention can reduce neonatal intensive care unit admission duration, it mitigates risks of health care−associated infections, while favorably affecting the health economy.
Constructions of the ideal elite employee: A content analysis of job advertisements for positions in the Norwegian upper class
Authors: Sølvberg Lisa MB
Published: November 2021

Previous research has shown that the upper class has a high degree of self-recruitment. Simultaneously, research on job recruitment suggests that there has been an increase in the importance of ‘soft skills’. This article investigates the connection between these two phenomena by looking at elite employers’ constructions of ‘the ideal employee’ and how this may contribute to class reproduction. By analysing 150 advertisement texts linked to positions in the upper class and fractions within it (the cultural, professional and economic upper classes), it explores which qualifications and characteristics are required. The analysis indicates that ‘soft skills’ play a substantial role in recruitment in all upper-class fractions, suggesting that ‘hard skills’ do not suffice to achieve an upper-class position. Indeed, the fact that many of the personal characteristics are linked to modes of being typical of an upper-class habitus makes it harder for people from lower in the class structure to match the description of the ‘ideal candidate’. Furthermore, this article finds the following three distinct employee types: the authoritative leader is idealized in the economic fraction, the dedicated worker in the professional fraction and the coaching leader in the cultural fraction. This article also points to examples of gender stereotyping that may function as contributing factors in reproducing occupational segregation.
Grandparenting, filial piety, and well-being of Chinese-American older adults
Authors: Kim Jeung Hyun
Published: November 2021

This study explores the association between grandparent caregiving by Chinese-American older adults and their perception of filial care and respect (i.e. filial piety) received from their adult children. Drawing on arguments regarding norms of altruism and reciprocity based on social exchange theory in the context of intergenerational relationships, this study examines whether more active engagement in grandparenting results in higher levels of filial piety among adult children and whether that in turn results in better well-being through reducing loneliness. It uses data from Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago, a survey of the well-being of Chinese-American older adults in Chicago. The results show that more hours of grandparent caregiving relate to higher amounts of filial piety in the view of older parents. However, more pressure to take care of a grandchild from adult children reduces perceived filial piety. Furthermore, grandparent caregiving can reduce loneliness among older adults, and receipt of filial piety mediates the association. Discussion focuses on how grandparent caregiving can strengthen intergenerational relationships while contributing to psychological well-being among older Chinese-American adults. This research contributes to the discussion of normative aspects of the intergenerational solidarity theory and holds policy implications for the promotion of well-being among Chinese-American older adults based on their grandparenting practices.