bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Overview of knowledge management in EURAD
Authors: Beattie Tara , Belmans Niels , Carbol Paul , Cowley Michelle , Faltejsek Jiří , Grambow Bernd , Holt Erika , Salat Elisabeth , Tatomir Alexandru , Théodon Louise , Winsley Robert , Zuidema Piet
Published: October 2022

Knowledge management is a core activity for the European Member States (MSs) implementing the Council Directive EC 2011/70/EURATOM. Twenty-one MSs and two associated countries have mandated their respective radioactive waste management, safety and research organisations to contribute to the European Joint Programme on Radioactive Waste Management (EURAD). EURAD has established a Knowledge Management and Networking Programme which supports the capturing of knowledge and its transfer among organisations, Member States and generations. EURAD as a Joint Programming has an utmost advantage, compared to individual projects, as it provides:

processes for knowledge sharing, for example interaction between the different radioactive waste management (RWM) actors to find out what is already known and what is most useful to investigate further.

Resources and people to develop new knowledge and/or to support preservation of existing knowledge at risk, for example access to experts, networks and communities of practice.

Tools and technology capable of handling different forms of knowledge, with a focus on socialising, signposting and aggregating existing knowledge sources.

This paper intends to describe the role of knowledge management and networking in EURAD, how knowledge generated by EURAD Workpackages and RWM organisations is captured and how we provide added value to MSs. Furthermore, it explains how we cooperate and work together towards common knowledge preservation goals with the EC PREDIS project, IAEA and OECD/NEA, to avoid duplication of work and maximise impact.
Optimal convergence rates in L2 for a first order system least squares finite element method
Authors: Bernkopf Maximilian , Melenk Jens Markus
Published: October 2022

We analyze a divergence based first order system least squares method applied to a second order elliptic model problem with homogeneous boundary conditions. We prove optimal convergence in the L2(Ω) norm for the scalar variable. Numerical results confirm our findings.
Scientific Breakdown of a Ferromagnetic Nanofluid in Hemodynamics: Enhanced Therapeutic Approach
Authors: Bhatti M.M. , Abdelsalam Sara I.
Published: October 2022

In this article, we examine the mechanism of cobalt and tantalum nanoparticles through a hybrid fluid model. The nanofluid is propagating through an anisotropically tapered artery with three different configurations: converging, diverging and non-tapered. To examine the rheology of the blood we have incorporated a Williamson fluid model which reveals both Newtonian and non-Newtonian effects. Mathematical and physical formulations are derived using the lubrication approach for continuity, momentum and energy equations. The impact of magnetic field, porosity and viscous dissipation are also taken into the proposed formulation. A perturbation approach is used to determine the solutions of the formulated nonlinear coupled equations. The physical behavior of all the leading parameters is discussed for velocity, temperature, impedance and streamlines profile. The current analysis has the intention to be used in therapeutic treatments of anemia because cobalt promotes the production of red blood cells since it is a component of vitamin B12, this is in addition to having tantalum that is used in the bone implants and in the iodinated agents for blood imaging due to its long circulation time. Moreover, in order to regulate the blood temperature in a living environment, blood temperature monitoring is of utmost necessity in the case of tapering arteries. The management and control of blood mobility at various temperatures may be facilitated by the presence of a magnetic field. The current findings are enhanced to provide important information for researchers in the biomedical sciences who are attempting to analyze blood flow under stenosis settings and who will also find the knowledge useful in the treatment of various disorders.
Optimal product quality and pricing strategy for a two-period closed-loop supply chain under return policy
Authors: Maiti Tarun
Published: October 2022

This article considers a two-period closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) model, where a manufacturer and a retailer are trading one product. The retailer’s demand rate for each period is dependent on the selling price, product quality, and refund price. The first period’s product quality has an impact on the second period’s demand rate. In the first period, returned products are remanufactured and sold through the retailer with the new products in the second period. The manufacturer is the leader of the Stackelberg game who declares wholesale price(s) and quality of the product to the retailer who follows the manufacturer’s decision and sets his selling prices for two consecutive periods. The manufacturer implements two pricing policies: (I) sets the same wholesale price for both periods (II) sets different wholesale prices for two different periods. The present research’s main aim is to find the optimal strategies for lower pricing and high-quality products. Under these circumstances, four different decision strategies between the manufacturer and the retailer are developed and compared these strategies analytically and numerically. The effects of different decision strategies on the optimal supply chain results are developed with a numerical example. An optimal solution for all four strategies is obtained using Mathematica 9. In addition, graphical analyses are developed to determine under what circumstances a particular decision strategy is dominant over others. Numerical analysis suggests that fast-acting strategies produce dominant results, but adopting strategies with advanced notice can produce higher quality products.
Quasi-electrostatic instability in non-gyrotropic tri-ion electron plasma
Authors: Arshad Kashif , Poedts Stefaan , Dahshan Alaa
Published: October 2022

The plasma modes are significantly influenced by the simple or/and molecular anions. The reciprocity of beam and tri-ion electron (TIE) plasmas is modeled by the kinetic theory. The set of Vlasov–Poisson equation is solved and decomposed by the Laguerre–Gaussian function under paraxial approximation. The beam plasma expedites unstable twisted modes (UTMs) in the TIE plasma. The UTM or instability is calibrated via axial and azimuthal wave numbers, wind speed, and its growth essence. The qualitative and quantitative anatomy of the instability threshold is also predicted. Our model is eminently applicable to the space plasmas and has been applied to the Ar+–F−–SF6− and Xe+–F−–SF6− electron plasmas, specifically.
Concentration estimates for random subspaces of a tensor product and application to quantum information theory
Authors: Collins Benoît , Parraud Félix
Published: October 2022

Given a random subspace Hn chosen uniformly in a tensor product of Hilbert spaces Vn ⊗ W, we consider the collection Kn of all singular values of all norm one elements of Hn with respect to the tensor structure. A law of large numbers has been obtained for this random set in the context of W fixed and the dimension of Hn, Vn tending to infinity at the same speed by Belinschi, Collins, and Nechita [Commun. Math. Phys. 341(3), 885–909 (2016)]. In this paper, we provide measure concentration estimates in this context. The probabilistic study of Kn was motivated by important questions in quantum information theory and allowed us to provide the smallest known dimension for the dimension of an ancilla space, allowing for Minimum Output Entropy (MOE) violation. With our estimates, we are able, as an application, to provide actual bounds for the dimension of spaces where the violation of MOE occurs.
Energy dissipation during magnetic reconnection in the Keda linear magnetized plasma device
Authors: Sang Longlong , Lu Quanming , Xie Jinlin , Fan Feibin , Zhang Qiaofeng , Ding Weixing , Zheng Jian , Sun Xuan
Published: October 2022

This paper investigates energy dissipation during electron-scale magnetic reconnection with laboratory experiments. Magnetic fields with opposite directions are generated by two parallel identical pulsed currents in our Keda linear magnetized plasma device. Magnetic reconnection is realized in the rising phase of the pulsed currents. The ramp-up rate of the pulsed current is found to be proportional to the inflow speed, providing a method to modify the reconnection drive. The incoming magnetic energy and its dissipation into plasma energy have been estimated in the vicinity of the X line. It is found that the plasma energy converted from the incoming electromagnetic energy increases with the increasing reconnection drive, while the conversion ratio remains almost unchanged, which is about 10%.
Development of an x-ray radiography platform to study laser-direct-drive energy coupling at the National Ignition Facility
Authors: Ceurvorst L. , Theobald W. , Rosenberg M. J. , Radha P. B. , Stoeckl C. , Betti R. , Anderson K. S. , Marozas J. A. , Goncharov V. N. , Campbell E. M. , Shuldberg C. M. , Luo R. W. , Sweet W. , Aghaian L. , Carlson L. , Bachmann B. , Döppner T. , Hohenberger M. , Glize K. , Scott R. H. H. , Colaïtis A. , Regan S. P.
Published: October 2022

A platform has been developed to study laser-direct-drive energy coupling at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) using a plastic sphere target irradiated in a polar-direct-drive geometry to launch a spherically converging shock wave. To diagnose this system evolution, eight NIF laser beams are directed onto a curved Cu foil to generate Heα line emission at a photon energy of 8.4 keV. These x rays are collected by a 100-ps gated x-ray imager in the opposing port to produce temporally gated radiographs. The platform is capable of acquiring images during and after the laser drive launches the shock wave. A backlighter profile is fit to the radiographs, and the resulting transmission images are Abel inverted to infer radial density profiles of the shock front and to track its temporal evolution. The measurements provide experimental shock trajectories and radial density profiles that are compared to 2D radiation-hydrodynamic simulations using cross-beam energy transfer and nonlocal heat-transport models.
Chimera states induced by spike timing-dependent plasticity in a regular neuronal network
Authors: Yang Chao , Santos Moises S. , Protachevicz Paulo R. , dos Reis Patrício D. C. , Iarosz Kelly C. , Caldas Iberê L. , Batista Antonio M.
Published: October 2022

Chimera states are spatiotemporal patterns in which distinct dynamics coexist, such as synchronous and asynchronous patterns. In this work, we study the effect of spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) on the emergence of chimera states. We consider a regular network of coupled adaptive exponential integrate-and-fire neurons, where all connections initially have the same strength value. The STDP alters the strength value as a function of the timing between the pre and postsynaptic action potentials over time. We verify that the range of parameters displaying chimera states is larger in the network with plasticity than in the absence of plasticity. Our simulations show that the chimera lifetime increases when the plasticity actuates in the neuronal network. We also observe an increase in neuronal spike frequency when the neurons are submitted to a constant positive current. In the parameter space, the changes in synaptic weights increase the appearance of chimera states.
Breathing mode dynamics of coupled three-dimensional chiral bobbers
Authors: Bassirian P. , Hesjedal T. , Parkin S. S. P. , Litzius K.
Published: October 2022

Recently, three-dimensional (3D) magnetic textures have moved into the focus of spintronics as both technologically relevant and physically intriguing on a fundamental level. A rich variety of 3D textures is currently being investigated; however, their unambiguous experimental detection and detailed study remains challenging. In this work, a new type of chiral 3D spin-texture, consisting of two antiferromagnetically coupled Néel bobbers, is explored. The static properties of this structure depend on the chirality of the individual bobbers. Different chirality combinations are studied with regard to their phase stability regions by micromagnetic simulations and compared to antiferromagnetically coupled skyrmion tubes. Furthermore, the coupled internal breathing modes are investigated by application of a periodically alternating external magnetic field. The breathing modes of each studied system possess a unique fingerprint, which might allow for the identification of the resonating spin textures via their dispersion curves.
Measurements of multiple heat flux components at the divertor target by using surface eroding thermocouples (invited)
Authors: Ren J. , Donovan D. C. , Watkins J. G. , Wang H. Q. , Lasnier C. , Looby T. , Canik J. , Rudakov D. , Stangeby P. C. , Thomas D. , Boivin R.
Published: October 2022

The Surface Eroding Thermocouple (SETC) is a robust diagnostic utilized in DIII-D to provide fast, edge-localized modes (ELMs) resolved heat flux measurements, in particular in geometric regions that are too shadowed for traditional infrared thermography. In order to further investigate the power dissipation in the divertor region, a combination of flush-mounted and recessed SETCs was developed to assess the effect on surface heating from non-charged particles at the divertor target. Utilizing the Divertor Materials Evaluation System sample exposure platform, the first demonstration of the feasibility of using this new method to distinguish between the heat flux from charged particles and that from neutrals and radiative heating was achieved. This paper details the process of using the combination of flush SETCs and recessed SETCs to measure the multiple heat flux components at the divertor target and further discusses how to determine two important ratios, α (ratio of heat flux from charged particles deposit on recessed SETC to that deposit on flush SETC) and β (ratio of heat flux from non-charged particles deposit on recessed SETC to that deposit on flush SETC), in the estimation of the heat flux from non-charged particle sources. Using a time dependent ratio α, it was found that ∼50% of the total incident heat flux is attributable to the non-charged particles in the fully detached open divertor in DIII-D. Finally, the new application of similar SETC diagnostics in the Small Angle Slot divertor with a V-like configuration and partial tungsten coated surface (SAS-VW) is also introduced.
Operating regimes of a constricted arc discharge in a forevacuum-pressure, plasma-cathode electron source of pulsed large-radius electron beams
Authors: Kazakov Andrey V. , Oks Efim M. , Panchenko Nikolay A.
Published: October 2022

We have investigated the operating regimes of a pulsed constricted arc discharge in a forevacuum plasma-cathode electron source of large-radius electron beams. The configuration of the intermediate electrode (IE) with a constricting channel (CC) determines the maximum parameters (current and pulse duration) and operating regimes of the constricted arc. An IE with ceramic (aluminum nitride) CC and an IE with sectional tantalum CC, formed by several electrically insulated tantalum disks with co-axial holes, lead to an increase in the maximum parameters compared to an IE with metal CC. In particular, an IE with sectional tantalum CC provides the highest maximum parameters. The ceramic and sectional tantalum constricting channels also provide lower minimum pressure for which the constricted arc operates stably. When the pressure reaches a certain threshold value, which depends on arc current, a discharge system with IE with sectional tantalum CC provides stable operation for pulse duration up to 10 ms. An increase in pressure provides higher discharge current in the millisecond regime of the discharge operation. When the arc current reaches threshold values from 84 to 92 A (depending on gas pressure), a self-compressed (pinched) mode of operation of the constricted arc occurs. The pinched arc regime is characterized by the highest current and the longest pulse duration. The forevacuum electron source based on the constricted arc discharge with IE with sectional tantalum CC offers generation of low-energy (up to 8 keV) electron beam with current up to tens of amperes and pulse duration up to 10 ms.
Applications of non-linear acoustics for quality control and material characterization
Authors: Maev Roman Gr. , Seviaryn Fedar
Published: October 2022

For several decades, nonlinear acoustic methods have been used for material characterization, quality control, and biomedical diagnostics. This approach is based on a second or higher-order phenomenon. Most nondestructive evaluation tasks employ conventional first-order ultrasonic techniques. Utilizing a nonlinear regime may bring new essential information and improve the characterization of materials with defects or flaws that are challenging to detect using traditional acoustical methods. Such defects inexhaustibly include thin cracks and dislocations through which sound passes without reflection; filled cracks or glue layers with acoustical contact between surfaces, voids, and agglomerations thereof with a dimension less than the wavelength; inclusions with a subtle acoustical difference from surrounding media; and multilayer structures with various boundary conditions between layers. For such cases, defects can be detected, visualized, and evaluated using a nonlinear reflection effect. This effect accompanies a typical sound wave reflection at interfaces between media, producing reflected and refracted waves. In the nonlinear regime, these waves have components with double frequency. The nonlinear properties of both media determine the wave amplitude. The nature of the evaluated medium determines the type and number of parameters that describe the nonlinear properties. These parameters' magnitude and spatial distribution provide valuable information about the material properties and object structure. Inspection instruments that utilize the effect of nonlinear reflection can be effective tools for quality control.
Violation of Kohler's rule at the charge density wave transition in 1T-TiSe2
Authors: Li Zhaoguo , Zhang Jicheng
Published: October 2022

The Kohler scaling of magnetoresistance (MR) is examined across the charge-density-wave (CDW) transition of 1T-TiSe2 microflakes. The normalized MR value vs (B/ρ0)2 showed linear dependence, where B is the magnetic field and ρ0 is the resistivity at zero magnetic field. However, all MR-(B/ρ0)2 curves at various temperatures were not coincident with each other, demonstrating the violation of Kohler's rule. The Kohler slope, K = dMR/d[(B/ρ0)2], and the MR value reached a minimum at the CDW transition temperature, TCDW. The nonmonotonous relationship between the Kohler slope and the Hall coefficient was observed, indicating a nonuniform electron scattering rate on the Fermi surface. The MR value satisfied the scaling laws of ∼|T − TCDW|1.35 and ∼|T − TCDW|0.62 below and above TCDW, respectively. Our results highlight magnetotransport properties of the 1T-TiSe2 microflakes in the critical region of the CDW phase transition.
Three types of pressure crash in the low magnetic shear tokamaks
Authors: Zhang W. , Ma Z. W. , Wang X. , Chen W. J.
Published: October 2022

Numerical investigations on the pressure crash with a low magnetic shear profile in Tokamaks are carried out through the three-dimensional, toroidal, and nonlinear MHD code CLT. We find that there exist at least three different kinds of pressure crashes. The first type is that one cold bubble forms and merges into the hot core, which is the standard case for the nonlinear evolution of the quasi-interchange mode. The second type is two cold bubbles forming and squeezing the hot core, leading to fast pressure crashes. The third one is similar to that caused by the resistive-kink mode, i.e., an m/n = 1/1 magnetic island grows up and fills up the whole central region. The thresholds for these kinds of pressure crashes are systematically discussed.
Ultra-lean dynamics of holder-stabilized hydrogen-enriched flames in a preheated mesoscale combustor near the laminar critical limit
Authors: Su Ziyi , Yang Wenquan , Wan Jianlong
Published: October 2022

This work experimentally investigates the ultra-lean dynamics of a 40% H2–60% CH4 flame near the laminar critical limit in a preheated mesoscale combustor with a flame holder. These experiments are conducted to verify a conjecture we proposed in a previous publication and reveal the ultra-lean flame dynamics under the synergistic effects of heat and flow recirculation. Notably, not only is our conjecture confirmed, but also some novel flame behaviors are found. As the equivalence ratio ϕ is decreased from 0.500 to 0.320, the conventional stable flame, stable residual flame, periodic residual flame with repetitive local extinction and re-ignition (periodic RFRER), and periodic oscillating residual flame are observed in sequence. For the stable residual flame (0.370 ≥ ϕ ≥ 0.355), the left and right flame roots reside directly behind the flame holder, and the flame tip stays near the combustor exit. For the periodic RFRER (0.350 ≥ ϕ ≥ 0.340), observed experimentally for the first time, the flame roots reside at almost the same location, but the flame tip oscillates up and down over time with pinch-off events. For the periodic oscillating residual flame (0.335 ≥ ϕ ≥ 0.320), found for the first time, the stable flame roots also reside at almost the same location, but the residual flame tip oscillates up and down over time without a pinch-off event. When ϕ decreases to 0.315, the oscillating residual flame extinguishes, and its blow-off dynamics are revealed in detail.
Transition of the colossal permittivity related dielectric relaxation in V-doped CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics
Authors: Wu Kangning , Li Rou , Jia Ran , Tang Zhuang , Lin Ying , Li Jianying
Published: October 2022

The co-achieving of stable colossal permittivity (CP) and low dielectric loss in dielectric materials has been a challenge. In this paper, a transition in CP was observed in V-doped CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) ceramics. The fast high-frequency dielectric relaxation that mainly contributed to CP of CCTO ceramics was greatly suppressed in V-doped CCTO samples. Its relaxation activation energy remained ∼0.10 eV, while its magnitude dropped from thousands in CCTO to dozens in V-doped CCTO. Instead, CP of V-doped CCTO ceramics mainly arose from another slow dielectric relaxation, which appeared in a much lower frequency range. Moreover, this dielectric relaxation gradually turned from a “carrier-dominated” relaxation into a “dipole-dominated” one with the increase in temperature. Its relaxation activation energy also changed from ∼0.06 to 0.42 eV in the meanwhile. These results indicated important roles of multiple point defects and their relating charge transport in CP behaviors. It supported that CP arose from electron trapping behaviors at the edge of double Schottky barriers at grain boundaries. On this basis, suppression of any deep-level point defects was concluded to be a potential clue to achieve both stable CP and sufficiently low dielectric loss in CCTO ceramics and other CP materials.
Entrainment degree of globally coupled Winfree oscillators under external forcing
Authors: Zhang Yongjiao , Hoveijn Igor , Efstathiou Konstantinos
Published: October 2022

We consider globally connected coupled Winfree oscillators under the influence of an external periodic forcing. Such systems exhibit many qualitatively different regimes of collective dynamics. Our aim is to understand this collective dynamics and, in particular, the system’s capability of entrainment to the external forcing. To quantify the entrainment of the system, we introduce the entrainment degree, that is, the proportion of oscillators that synchronize to the forcing, as the main focus of this paper. Through a series of numerical simulations, we study the entrainment degree for different inter-oscillator coupling strengths, external forcing strengths, and distributions of natural frequencies of the Winfree oscillators, and we compare the results for the different cases. In the case of identical oscillators, we give a precise description of the parameter regions where oscillators are entrained. Finally, we use a mean-field method, based on the Ott–Antonsen ansatz, to obtain a low-dimensional description of the collective dynamics and to compute an approximation of the entrainment degree. The mean-field results turn out to be strikingly similar to the results obtained through numerical simulations of the full system dynamics.
Role of Al additions in secondary phase formation in CoCrFeNi high entropy alloys
Authors: Anber Elaf A. , Smith Nathan C. , Liaw Peter K. , Wolverton Christopher M. , Taheri Mitra L.
Published: October 2022

AlxCoCrFeNi High Entropy Alloys (HEAs), also referred to as multiprincipal element alloys, have attracted significant interest due to their promising mechanical and structural properties. Despite these attributes, AlxCoCrFeNi HEAs are susceptible to phase separation, forming a wide range of secondary phases upon aging, including NiAl–B2 and Cr-rich phases. Controlling the formation of these phases will enable the design of age-hardenable alloys with optimized corrosion resistance. In this study, we examine the critical role of Al additions and their concentration on the stability of the CoCrFeNi base alloy, uncovering the connections between Al composition and the resulting microstructure. Addition of 0.1 mol fraction of Al destabilizes the single-phase microstructure and results in the formation of Cr-rich body-centered-cubic (bcc) phases. Increasing the composition of Al (0.3–0.5 mol fraction) results in the formation of more complex coprecipitates, NiAl–B2 and Cr-rich bcc. Interestingly, we find that the increase of the Al content stimulates the formation of NiAl–B2 phases, increases the overall density of secondary phases, and influences the content of Cr in Cr-rich bcc phases. Density functional theory calculations of simple decomposition reactions of AlxCoCrFeNi HEAs corroborate the tendency for precipitate formation of these phases upon increased Al composition. Additionally, these calculations support previous results, indicating the base CoCrFeNi alloy to be unstable at low temperature. This work provides a foundation for predictive understanding of phase evolution, opening the window toward designing innovative alloys for targeted applications.
Flexible engineering of circular dichroism enabled by chiral surface lattice resonances
Authors: Qiao Shuqi , Liang Qinghua , Zhang Xiaochen , Liu Xing , Feng Shuai , Ji Chang-Yin , Guo Honglian , Li Jiafang
Published: October 2022

Engineering the chiroptical responses of artificial nanostructures is vital for realizing applications in the fields of optical devices, enantioselective separation, and bio-sensing. Here, by utilizing the nano-kirigami based meta-molecule arrays, the flexible engineering of circular dichroism (CD) is achieved in the near-infrared wavelength region by the excitation of chiral surface lattice resonances (SLRs). It is found that the chiral SLRs can be flexibly tailored by a tiny structural perturbation. As a result, the wavelength, intensity, and sign of CD peak/dip can be abruptly engineered. Specifically, a CD peak with the value of +0.44 is evolved into a CD dip with an intensity of −0.66 when the etching silt length of the meta-molecules is simply decreased by 190 nm. Importantly, such CD reversal is experimentally demonstrated with the nano-kirigami method without requiring the inversion of geometric chirality. Moreover, it is found that the asymmetric dielectric environment around the meta-molecules can significantly suppress the chiral SLRs, providing an insightful understanding of the chiral SLR. Such flexible tailoring of the CD with chiral SLRs paves a versatile way toward the manipulation of chiral light–matter interactions and chiroptical functional devices.
Release protocols to address hyperdispersal in a novel translocation of a carnivorous marsupial
Authors: West Rebecca , Moseby Katherine , Read John , Pedler Reece
Published: October 2022

Initial translocations are inherently risky due to uncertainty around species-specific responses to novel environments. Incorporating a range of release protocols can minimise risks of translocation failure. We identified post-translocation hyperdispersal as a risk to the first translocation of the crest-tailed mulgara (Dasycercus cristicauda), an Australian carnivorous marsupial, and tested temporary confinement and releasing females with pouch young as mitigation strategies. We released 16 females with pouch young and 3 males into unoccupied burrows within a 20 km2 feral animal exclosure, either within temporary confinement pens (n = 10) or without confinement (immediate release) (n = 9). Temporary confinement did not influence survival but did influence dispersal behaviour. Thirty-seven percent of translocated individuals (all 3 males, 4 of 16 females) hyperdispersed (3.0–11.6 km) outside the study exclosure after release, including 42% immediate release animals and 29% temporary confinement animals. No males remained in the exclosure at the study end. Confined females settled closer to their release site. Release of females with pouch young led to an increase in the translocated population from 9 to 58 individuals within 4 months. Releasing females with young from geographically distant sites may be important to offset male hyperdispersal. Our results suggest that temporary confinement and translocating breeding females are important release protocols for species with a propensity for hyperdispersal post-translocation.
Strain differences in effects of dietary supplementation with
Authors: Vosoogh Sharifi Omid , Karimi Torshizi Mohammad Amir , Rahimi Shaban , Dalimi Asl Abdolhossein , Raei Hamid
Published: October 2022

Context Concerns about feed costs and environmental pollution in the poultry industry may be alleviated through use of Aspergillus spp. for prebiotic supplementation in reduced-protein diets. Aim We studied different A. niger cultures as supplements in protein-reduced diets for effects on performance, organ weights, plasma biochemistry, ileal microflora and meat lipid oxidation of young broilers. Methods Two strains of A. niger from a fungi collection were cultured in wheat bran by solid-state fermentation. Male broilers (Ross 308, 1 day old, n = 192) were randomly assigned to 24 cages in a completely randomised design with four treatments in six replicates of eight birds. Diets were formulated for starter (Days 1–10) and grower (Days 11–24) phases to meet nutrient requirements (control) or to contain 95% of recommended crude protein (reduced protein). For two treatments, uncultured wheat bran (1.5 g/kg) was added to control or reduced-protein diets. The other treatments comprised wheat bran cultured by one of the two A. niger strains in reduced-protein diets. Key results Body weight gain was higher (P < 0.05) in groups supplemented with A. niger, and feed intake was generally higher with Strain 1 supplementation than other treatments. Feed conversion ratio was generally highest in broilers fed reduced protein with uncultured wheat bran. Relative weights of proventriculus and small intestine were lowest with A. niger 2 supplementation, and abdominal fat was lowest in both A. niger groups. Serum triglyceride, cholesterol and uric acid decreased with A. niger 1 supplementation, and high-density lipoprotein, total protein and globulin increased with A. niger 2 supplementation (P < 0.05). Meat malondialdehyde content was decreased (P < 0.05) in both A. niger groups. Broilers receiving Strain 2 showed higher ileal counts of lactic acid bacteria and total aerobic bacteria, and all reduced-protein groups showed lower coliform count, than the control (P < 0.05). Conclusion Use of A. niger culture in wheat bran to supplement a lower protein broiler diet improves some parameters, including growth performance and lipid oxidative stability of meat. Some strain differences are evident. Implication Addition of fermentation products such as produced by A. niger to low-protein diets can reduce production costs while maintaining quality.
The medium is not the message
Authors: Scheffler Tatjana , Kern Lesley-Ann , Seemann Hannah
Published: October 2022

Linguistic expressions in social media vary along many axes, including author style, the specific medium and its
affordances, and others. In this paper, we argue that different registers must be distinguished within social media and that
register should be included as an important factor independent of (social) medium in analyses of variable linguistic phenomena. We
introduce a new German cross-media corpus, consisting of blog posts and tweets from the same 44 authors. We define the registers
as ‘Informative’, ‘Narrative’, and ‘Persuasive’, based on situational characteristics of the texts. We then correlate the
registers with two variable linguistic phenomena: German modal and intensifying particles. In each case, we document considerable
inter- and intraindividual variation in the expressions used and their frequency across texts. The statistical analysis shows that
the register grouping corresponds more closely to linguistic similarities between texts than the grouping by medium does.
A Bernstein–von-Mises theorem for the Calderón problem with piecewise constant conductivities
Authors: Bohr Jan
Published: October 2022

This note considers a finite dimensional statistical model for the Calderón problem with piecewise constant conductivities. In this setting it is shown that injectivity of the forward map and its linearisation suffice to prove the invertibility of the information operator, resulting in a Bernstein–von-Mises theorem and optimality guarantees for estimation by Bayesian posterior means.
Highly efficient photocatalytic overall water splitting in two-dimensional van der Waals MoS2/Hf2CO2 heterostructure
Authors: Hao Jiamao , Wu Jun , Wang Donghua , Wang Chengdeng , Luo Mengqin , Xie Lijuan , Zhu Fang , Yan Xiaoqin , Gu Yousong
Published: October 2022

Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures have attracted much attention due to their unique properties in photocatalysis, electronics, and energy storage. This work comprehensively analyzed the electronic properties and photocatalytic efficiency properties of 2D vdW MoS2/Hf2CO2 heterostructure by first-principles calculations and molecular dynamics simulation. An ideal band gap of 1.44 eV was found for visible light absorption. Meanwhile, a high solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of 17.14% is obtained from the calculated band-edge positions, and a high power conversion efficiency of 13.84% is also confirmed by spectroscopy limited maximum efficiency simulation. We estimate the time scale for electron–hole transfer and recombination times using a combination of non-adiabatic molecular dynamics and time-dependent density functional theory. A suitable e-h recombination time of 1.86 ns and electron (hole) transfer time of 331 (978) fs are obtained in the 2D MoS2/Hf2CO2 heterostructure, which is expected to ensure high photocatalytic efficiency. Therefore, the constructed MoS2/Hf2CO2 heterostructures provide a new example for the prediction of high-performance nano optoelectronic devices.
A fine extraction algorithm for image-based surface cracks in underwater dams
Authors: Xin Gaifang , Fan Xinnan , Shi Pengfei , Luo Chengming , Ni Jianjun , Cao Yuxin
Published: October 2022

Under the action of water erosion and self-aging, reservoir dams are prone to develop cracks, which affect safe operation. Underwater visual imaging can be used to detect dam surface cracks, but spalling, aquatic plants and suspended sediments result in low image contrast and complex backgrounds. With the use of unsupervised machine learning, this paper proposes a fine segmentation and extraction algorithm for image-based dam surface cracks. First, adaptive histogram equalization is used to change the uneven illumination areas of underwater surface images intoeven illumination areas, whose statistical characteristics are calculated under linear spatial filtering. Second, the extraction problem of crack areas of interest after dodging preprocessing is transformed into calculating the distance of the image block cluster center, which can distinguish the image blocks of crack features from the background interference features. Third, the fine extraction of crack images is carried out by considering the connected domains and morphological features, and the posterior probability of an image sample category is obtained based on the soft clustering of a Gaussian mixed model. Finally, different extraction algorithms related to surface cracks are evaluated in extensive experiments. The results validate the superior performance of the proposed extraction algorithm with 90.1% extraction accuracy, 6.5% missing alarm rate and 7.2% false alarm rate.
Facile and controllable synthesis of monodisperse gold nanoparticle bipyramid for electrochemical dopamine sensor
Authors: Rizalputri Lavita Nuraviana , Anshori Isa , Handayani Murni , Gumilar Gilang , Septiani Ni Luh Wulan , Hartati Yeni Wahyuni , Annas Muhammad Sjahrul , Purwidyantri Agnes , Prabowo Briliant Adhi , Yuliarto Brian
Published: October 2022

We demonstrated potential features of gold nanoparticle bipyramid (AuNB) for an electrochemical biosensor. The facile synthesis method and controllable shape and size of the AuNB are achieved through the optimization of cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) surfactant over citric acid (CA) ratio determining the control of typically spherical Au seed size and its transition into a penta-twinned crystal structure. We observe that the optimized ratio of CTAC and CA facilitates flocculation control in which Au seeds with size as tiny as ∼14.8 nm could be attained and finally transformed into AuNB structures with an average length of ∼55 nm with high reproducibility. To improve the electrochemical sensing performance of a screen-printed carbon electrode, surface modification with AuNB via distinctive linking procedures effectively enhanced the electroactive surface area by 40%. Carried out for the detection of dopamine, a neurotransmitter frequently linked to the risk of Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and Huntington’s diseases, the AuNB decorated-carbon electrode shows outstanding electrocatalytic activity that improves sensing performance, including high sensitivity, low detection limit, wide dynamic range, high selectivity against different analytes, such as ascorbic acid, uric acid and urea, and excellent reproducibility.
A highly efficient In2S3/Ag2S/TiO2 NTAs photoelectrodes for photocathodic protection of Q235 carbon steel under visible light
Authors: Li Hong , Yang Zhanyuan , Cui Xingqiang , Li Yanhui , Zhang Pengfei , Li Junru
Published: October 2022

A novel In2S3/Ag2S/TiO2 nanotube arrays (NTAs) was successfully fabricated by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction method and electrochemical anodic oxidation method, and served as photoanode for photocathodic protection application. The micromorphologies, optical absorption properties, crystalline structure and elemental valence states of the composites were performed by field emission scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscope, UV–vis diffuse reflectance absorption spectra, x-ray diffractometer and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The photocathodic protection performances of In2S3/Ag2S/TiO2 NTAs on the Q235 carbon steel (CS) were also studied. The In2S3/Ag2S/TiO2 nanocomposites show better photoelectrocatalytic and photocathodic protection performance than pure TiO2 NTAs. The photocurrent density of In2S3(9)/Ag2S(8)/TiO2 photoelectrode coupled with Q235 CS reach 211 μA cm−2, which is about 4.5 times higher than that of TiO2 NTAs. The photogenerated potential of Q235 CS coupled to In2S3(9)/Ag2S(8)/TiO2 under illumination shows a negative shift to −0.92 V versus SCE. Results indicate that the co-sensitization of In2S3 and Ag2S could extend the light absorption of TiO2 to the visible light range and enhance its photoelectric conversion efficiency.
Tunable stochastic resonance based on the optimization of centrifugal distance for rotation-induced energy harvesting
Authors: Zhang Yunshun , Zhao Xiangshuai , Wang Xin , Wang Wanshu , Jia Yu , Zheng Rengchen
Published: October 2022

Energy harvesting from rotating systems has been developed into an important topic as a promising solution for realizing the powering applications of tire monitoring systems. Because of relatively narrow bandwidth of the efficiently operating response, this paper proposes a principle for optimizing the centrifugal distance for tuning frequency matching between stochastic resonance and the external rotation environments. It can minimize the negative effect of a low energy orbit owing to the optimally stabilized stochastic resonance, particularly over the low frequency range before high energy orbit oscillation. The centrifugal force caused by the behavior of rotation acting on the tip mass of the cantilever changes the equivalent stiffness of the cantilever and thus can tune the variation in the Kramers escape rate. Through the match-able relationship of a non-linear bitable system between the Kramers rate and the external rotation frequency, the expression of the optimally centrifugal distance can be solved by theoretical derivation and numerical analysis. The results of simulations and laboratory experiments simultaneously demonstrate that the centrifugal distance is tuned to be the optimal 6.45 cm as theoretically analyzed, and the effective bandwidth of energy harvesting can be stabilized from 30 rad s−1 to 50 rad s−1. While its maximum root mean square voltage can reach the value of 1.23 V corresponding to a harvesting average power of 45.55 μW, owing to the high matching relationship between stochastic resonance and external rotation frequencies. Thus, by the theoretical optimization of centrifugal distance, the frequency of stochastic resonance can be tuned for matching the externally rotating environments, and further improving the operating performance of rotating-induced energy harvesting.
Analysis on the transverse compression performance of the CORC cable
Authors: Shi Yangyang , Dai Shaotao , Ma Tao , Liu Wenxu , Jin Huan , Qin Jinggang
Published: October 2022

The conductor on round core (CORC) cable is considered as one of the best candidate cables for next generation fusion project due to its advantages of high current density, small cabling degradation and excellent magnetic field performance. Nevertheless, the CORC cable will be affected by huge transverse compression force during production and transportation, especially during operation in fusion project, which is the main reason that the current-carrying capacity of CORC cable will be irreversible degradation. There is little research on the transverse compression performance of CORC cables at present, and the influence rules of some cable parameters on its transverse compression performance are not yet clear. Therefore, in this paper, transverse compression tests are carried out on CORC cables of different former sizes, materials, and structures. The experimental results show that the larger the cable former size, the better its transverse compression performance. The transverse compression load limit of hollow tube former cable is larger than that of solid bar former cable. The performance of stainless steel bar former cable is similar to that of copper bar former cable. The limit value of transverse compression load of copper hollow tube former cable is larger than that of stainless steel hollow tube former cable. A 3D finite element model is also established to explain the internal reasons for the differences of current-carrying capacity decrease tendency of different CORC cables. The research results can provide theoretical basis for the selection of former of CORC cable in the future. In addition, the influence of load block structure on the CORC cable’s transverse compression load limit is also studied in this paper. The results show that the arc block can significantly increase the transverse compression load limit of CORC cable. The research results can provide a basis for the selection of the structure of support former when making cable in conduit conductor and the structure of coil former when winding CORC coil magnet.
Two-dimensional semiconductors of Cr–X3–H3 (X = O, S, Se, and Te) structures with large magnetic anisotropy and high Curie temperature
Authors: Moaied Mohammed , Soliman S
Published: October 2022

In this study, using first-principles calculations, we predicted a novel family of two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials: hydrogenated chromium tri-chalcogenides Cr–X3–H3 (X = O, S, Se, and Te). Hydrogenated chromium tri-chalcogenides materials are dynamically stable and can therefore be synthesized in the laboratory. Generally, 2D Cr–X3–H3 crystals have a semiconducting band structure, with gaps as large as 2.38 eV in the case of Cr–O3–H3. The Cr–O3–H3 is the only one presenting antiferromagnetic order with out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE), whereas the rest (X = S, Se, and Te) are ferromagnetic with strong in-plane MAE, which increases when going down from oxygen to tellurium in the periodic table. Using Monte Carlo methods, we also obtained the Curie temperature (T
c), which showed the expected dependence on X atoms based on the MAE values. Moreover, the Cr–X3–H3 systems showed weakly frequency-dependent of the dielectric functions. Therefore, the refraction index variance with frequency is slight, and the reflectivity is nearly zero in all the systems. The current study is an example of how simulations can aid in the design of 2D materials that have large MAE and high T
c values for next-generation spintronic devices.
Ab-initio investigation on the phase stabilities of Au-M Alloys (M = Na, K, Rb and Cs)
Authors: Bennour L , Djaballah Y , Righi H , Bahloul D
Published: October 2022

Ab initio calculations were performed to investigate the structural stability, mechanical, and thermodynamic properties of all intermetallic compounds in the different formulas Au5M, Au2M, AuM, and AuM2 (M = Na, K, Rb, and Cs) in order to clarify their existence and stability in the alkali metal gold binary systems Au-M at 0 K. Several suggested structures and suspect compounds (Au2Cs, AuCs2), which were never reported, were also investigated. The results show that: (i), the compounds Au5Na and Au5Cs in Cu5Ca (hP6), and AuK in CsCl (cP2), are energetically, mechanically and dynamically stable in the suggested structures, respectively. (ii), the compound AuNa in NiAs (hP4) and the proposed compounds Au2Cs in AlB2 (hP3), and AuCs2 in MoSi2 (tI6), are mechanically and dynamically stable in the suggested structures, but are energetically stable close to 0 K, respectively. (iii), the compounds AuK2 in Al2Cu (tI12), Au2Rb in AlB2 (hP3), and AuRb2 in MoSi2 (tI6), are energetically and mechanically stable, but are dynamically unstable in the considered structures, respectively.