bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distribution updates of the yellow-bellied weasel Mustela kathiah in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal
Authors: Gosai Kamal Raj , Beejukchhen Dasrath Shrestha , Khatri Shree Ram , Shrestha Tej Kumar , Katuwal Hem Bahadur
Published: January 2023

Yellow-bellied weasel (Mustela kathiah) is one of the least known small carnivores of Nepal. Although it is assumed to distribute within the mid-hills region, its sightings are very few in Nepal. We updated its distribution from Kathmandu Valley based on literature review and opportunistic sightings. Now, the yellow-bellied weasel is known from three locations in the Kathmandu Valley (Phulchowki, Budhanilkantha, and Dallu-Pharping) between 1300 and 2710 meters above sea level (m asl). Only one individual was sighted in each observation. The observation from Phulchowki (2710 m asl) represents the highest elevation record for the Kathmandu Valley and the second highest for Nepal. The weasels were observed in the forest, bushes, and agricultural areas near small rivers and human settlements.
Produção de Cordyceps fumosorosea, viabilidade econômica, patogenicidade e influência de metabólitos frente à Euschistus heros
Authors:   , Floriano Kenya Martins Faggioni
Published: January 2023

A cultura da soja é uma das commodities de maior importância no Brasil sendo responsável por 22% de todo produto agrícola exportado no país. Entretanto a cultura é acometida por diversos insetos pragas, dentre eles o percevejo Euschistus heros que ataca desde as plantas até os grãos podendo causar prejuízos de até 30% na cultura. O controle da praga tem sido realizado com agentes químicos e microbiológicos à base dos fungos Metarhizium anisopliae e Beauveria bassiana. A produção desses agentes microbianos no Brasil de uma maneira geral é realizada em cultivo sólido, sendo o escalonamento desses microrganismos dificultoso devido a demanda de espaço físico e mão de obra. Com base nessas informações, o objetivo do trabalho foi estudar a eficácia de C. fumosorosea frente a E. heros, estabelecer um meio de cultura líquido que otimize o processo produtivo do fungo e melhore a performance sob a praga, verificar a presença do metabólito beauvericina e comparar o custo de produção dos cultivos. A produção dos fungos foi realizada por fermentação líquida em biorreatores com três tratamentos, sendo meio de cultura A, B e C; além de um controle realizado na metodologia de produção Koppert (substrato sólido – arroz). Durante a fermentação foram quantificadas as UFCs (Unidades Formadoras de Colônia), a concentração de células infectivas em câmara de Neubauer no final do processo; identificação da beauvericina nos meios líquidos, ensaios de eficácia, onde foram aplicados o produto bruto da fermentação e o produto isolado em parte sólida e líquida, a fim de avaliar a influência dos metabólitos no controle da praga em diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento (ovo, ninfa e adulto), além disso foi avaliado o custo para produção de cada um dos métodos de cultivo. A concentração de células infectivas produzidas em ambos os tratamentos não diferiram estatisticamente, não foi detectada a produção de beauvericina nos meios analisados, porém o tratamento composto pelo meio de cultura A, onde foram aplicadas as células infectivas e os metabólitos houve colonização de 95% das ninfas eclodidas dos ovos o que sugere que exista algum metabólito que influencie na colonização e morte desses insetos. O cultivo sólido foi três vezes mais caro que o líquido além de levar cinco dias a mais para produzir a mesma quantidade de células.
Identificação de novas espécies de Streptomyces associadas à sarna da batata
Authors:   , Vitor Lucas
Published: January 2023

A sarna da batata é uma doença de ocorrência generalizada nas regiões produtoras do Brasil, tornando-se um fator limitante no cultivo dessa cultura. Essa doença afeta a qualidade da batata devido às lesões na superfície do tubérculo, que diminuem seu valor comercial ou impedem a sua comercialização. Diferentes espécies do gênero Streptomyces são responsáveis por essa doença e o levantamento das espécies patogênicas presentes no país é um fator primordial para a realização de medidas de manejo. O presente estudo teve por objetivo caracterizar e identificar 15 linhagens de Streptomyces sp. associadas à sarna da batata divididas em três grupos genéticos (G6, G9 e G16) por meio de abordagem polifásica envolvendo cinco parâmetros de caracterização: morfológico, bioquímico, fisiológico, patogênico e molecular. A caracterização morfológica demonstrou alta diversidade de coloração de esporos e de colônias das espécies avaliadas, assim como variação de crescimento em diferentes meios de cultivo. As características bioquímicas evidenciaram diferenças entre as linhagens avaliadas no estudo e as linhagens Tipo de Streptomyces associadas à doença. Os dados das avaliações fisiológicas (pH, salinidade e temperatura) permitiram classificá-las em padrões de tolerância. Todas as 15 linhagens se mostraram patogênicas em sementes de rabanete e discos de batata. As análises in silico de PCR-RFLP do gene atpD juntamente com as análises filogenéticas do gene 16S RNAr e MLSA revelaram a ocorrência de nove novas espécies de Streptomyces associadas à sarna da batata no Brasil. Dentre essas, duas linhagens do G6 tiveram seus genomas sequenciados e as avaliações de DDH e ANI confirmaram os dados da ocorrência de novas espécies. Elas foram denominadas Streptomyces hilarionis (IBSBF 2807T) e Streptomyces hayashii (IBSBF 2953T ).
The Alberta Telestewardship Network: Building a platform to enable capacity building in antimicrobial stewardship—results of an initial pilot study
Authors: Jelinski Dana , Julien Danielle , Cook Sandra , Harris Sabrina , Logan Timothy , Sabuda Deana , Dersch-Mills Deonne , Wong Catherine , Webster Sara , Constantinescu Cora , Hoang Holly , Conly John
Published: January 2023

Background:

Resources to improve antimicrobial stewardship (AS) are limited, but a telestewardship platform can enable capacity building and scalability. The Alberta Telestewardship Network (ATeleNet) was designed to focus on outreach across the province of Alberta, Canada, and facilitate AS activities.

Methods:

Outreach occurred virtually between pharmacists and physicians in hospital and long-term care settings throughout Alberta via secure, enterprise video conferencing software on both desktop and mobile devices. We used a quantitative questionnaire adapted from the telehealth usability questionnaire to capture the health provider’s experience during each session. The questionnaire consisted of 39 questions, and a 5-point Likert scale was used to assess the degree of agreement and collate responses into a descriptive analysis.

Results:

A total of 33 pilot consultations were completed between July 6, 2020 and December 15, 2021. The majority (22, 85%) of respondents agreed that video conference-based virtual sessions are an acceptable means to provide health care and that they were able to express themselves effectively to other health care professionals (23, 88%). Respondents agreed the system was simple to use (23, 96%), and that they could become productive quickly using the system (23, 88%). Overall, 24 (92%) respondents were satisfied or very satisfied with the virtual care platform.

Conclusions:

We implemented and evaluated a telehealth consultation and collaborative care service between AS providers at multiple centres. AHS has since prioritized similar workflows, including access to specialists in acute care, as part of their virtual health strategy. Evaluation results will be shared with provincial stakeholders for further strategic planning and deployment.
Теоретичні основи розвитку творчої особистості
Authors: Матвієнко Олена , Олефіренко Тарас
Published: January 2023

У дослідженні теоретично обґрунтовано психолого-педагогічні умови розвитку творчого мислення особистості у процесі навчання; здійснено аналіз наукової літератури з проблеми розвитку творчого особистості у процесі навчання; розкрито зміст поняття «творче мислення» в структурі особистості і охарактеризовано показники його розвитку.Обґрунтовано, що творче мислення є визначальним у структурі творчої особистості. Воно являється ядром пізнавальної сфери і від нього залежить стан розвитку мотиваційної та соціальної сфер. Визначено, що творче мислення – це певні мисленнєві процеси особистості, синтез яких сприяє створенню нового. На стан його розвитку впливає наявність пізнавального інтересу, розвиненість мисленнєвих операцій та інтелектуальні вміння. Творче мислення має неоднозначне тлумачення, тобто з одного боку це психічний процес, який ґрунтується на рішенні протиріч і проблем, що виникають у процесі діяльності людини, а, з іншого боку, поняття «мислення» і творче мислення є синонімами, так як мислення засноване на вирішенні труднощів.Аналіз наукової літератури з проблеми дослідження дає можливість виділити такі критерії розвитку творчої особистості: наявність пізнавального інтересу, прагнення до досягнень та до постійного саморозвитку (мотиваційна сфера); розвинуте у тандемі поняттєве, дивергентне та творче мислення, розвинуті інтелектуальні та творчі уміння, рефлексія (пізнавальна сфера); розвинуті моральні якості, здатність до самоуправління, комунікативні та естетичні якості (соціальна сфера). Взявши за основу окреслені вище критерії, виділено високий, середній та низький рівні розвитку творчого мислення у структурі особистості.
Граматика й буквар видатного філолога й педагога Мелетія Смотрицького
Authors: Семеренко Ганна
Published: January 2023

Розвиток української освіти і виховання, втілення в життя ідей національної освіти залежить від вивчення культурно-педагогічної спадщини України, аналізу й оцінки діяльності видатних постатей минулого. Такою непересічною постаттю в становленні української освіти був Мелетій Смотрицький. У 2019 році виповнилося 400 років від виходу його знаменитої «Грамматіки славєнския правилноє Сvнтаґма». Крім того, це і ювілей Букваря, який видавався у 1618 та 1621 роках. Виявлення внеску М. Смотрицького в розвиток української освіти та оцінка його педагогічної творчості є актуальною.У статті розглянуто педагогічну діяльність українського мовознавця, педагога Мелетія Смотрицького. З’ясовано роботу видатного мислителя і полеміста на посадах приватного учителя, професора, ректора, автора славнозвісної «Грамматіки славєнския правилноє Сvнтаґма», Букваря та самого терміну «буквар». Проаналізовано поради М. Смотрицького, як і чому навчати дітей, висловлені у зверненні «До вчителів шкільних» у «Граматиці», де перед нами фактично зразок методики навчання мови, з якої випливає, що вивчення мови неможливе без вивчення граматики, яка дасть учням уміння не тільки читати і розуміти прочитане, але й писати за правилами, викладати свої думки, знати порядок слів у реченні, правила, яких необхідно дотримуватися, щоб мова була чистою, що є і стилістичними настановами автора «Граматики». У статті звернуто увагу на правила, які в основних рисах зберігаються і в наш час, на терміни, розділові знаки, які запропонував М. Смотрицький, на його авторство нового на той час правопису.Пропонована стаття є спробою зібрати в єдине джерело здобутки наукової літератури про освітню діяльність видатного мислителя, окреслити і популяризувати педагогічні погляди Мелетія Смотрицького, виявити його внесок у педагогічну спадщину України, донести до читача важливість педагогічної діяльності видатного ученого.Матеріали проведеного дослідження можуть бути використані викладачами при написанні лекцій, студентами, аспірантами при вивченні історії української мови й історії педагогіки.
ANALYSIS OF MUSICAL ART TEACHING METHODS IN THE PARADIGM OF THE CONSTRUCTIVIST APPROACH
Authors:   Бердянський державний педагогічний університет, SERHIYENKO S.
Published: January 2023

The article considers the problem of choosing methods of teaching music in educational institutions in the paradigm of constructivist approach to the organization of educational activities. The purpose of the article is to provide an overview of some general approaches and strategies for teaching music based on the constructivist theory of learning in secondary school. Among the analyzed methods are a lecture, demonstration and modeling, opening method, video showing, tour, role play, project, survey technique, opening method. The article also highlights the factors that determine the choice of teaching method. The main tasks are as follows: to determine the key characteristics of the constructivist approach to learning, to analyze the key provisions of the basic theories of cognitive cognition; to analyze the main methods of teaching music in terms of their coordination with the constructivist approach to learning. Theoretical and empirical methods were used in the study. During the study, theoretical and methodological sources on the research problem were analyzed, the potential of teaching methods was practically assessed in order to organize the educational process in the discipline «musical art» in the context of constructivism theory, the factors determining the choice of teaching methods were identified. Analysis of the problem of selection of methods of teaching music in the paradigm of the constructivist approach allows us to note that the theory of constructivism provides for the possibility of personal construction of knowledge and educational activities by students. Under such a system of teaching, students' knowledge is an individual, variable interpretation of the presented and assimilated information, which provides a conscious perception of music and deep reflection during the educational process. The novelty of the study lies in the study and application of the theory of social constructivism in order to optimize the selection of teaching methods for the successful implementation of the educational process of music art in educational institutions. Key words: constructivism, cognitive cognition, cognitive development, lecture, method of demonstration and modeling, method of video showing, method of interrogation, method of exercises, method of learning through discovery, discussions and debates, role play, project, excursion.
APPLICATION OF THE GROUP DISCUSSION METHOD IN THE TEACHING OF INFORMATICS DISCIPLINES IN PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
Authors:   Бердянський державний педагогічний університет, ALIEKSIEIEVA G. , HORBATIUK L. ,   Бердянський державний педагогічний університет, KRAVCHENKO N. ,   Бердянський державний педагогічний університет, CHUPRYNA G. ,   Бердянський державний педагогічний університет, SMOLINA I. ,   Бердянський державний педагогічний університет
Published: January 2023

The article describes the method of applying the group discussion method in vocational and technical educational institutions using the example of computer subjects. The modern process of education is analyzed, which involves, among one of the important tasks, a significant expansion of the forms of educational activity of students. Characteristics of teaching methods are given. The theoretical principles of the educational process, which should be built as communication, interaction, exchange of initiatives of its participants – the teacher and students, students among themselves, are highlighted. This is how the educational process is built when using group, interactive (based on interaction) learning methods – discussion, role playing, simulation game. Emphasis is placed on group discussion – the most common method. The main task of the group discussion is revealed – the identification of the existing diversity of viewpoints of the participants on any problem and, if necessary, a comprehensive analysis of each of them using the example of computer topics. It has been proven that organized training and upbringing, carried out within the framework of one or another pedagogical system, has a certain organizational design, which differs from each other in the quantitative coverage of students, the ratio of collective and individual forms of organization of the activities of pupils, the degree of their independence and the specificity of the management of the educational process from the teacher A practical example describes the stages of conducting a discussion class, which helps students develop basic communication skills, develops their thinking and oral speech, and at the same time, they master oratory skills and the skills of evidentiary dispute, and their interest in computer topics increases. The author's development of a plan-summary of a lesson-discussion for vocational and technical educational institutions on the topic «Book and computer in the information society: pros and cons» is offered. This research is not final, so we plan to continue the publications, where we will reveal in more detail the practical aspects of the application of the group discussion method in vocational and technical educational institutions using various examples. Key words: educational process, group discussion method, in institutions of professional (vocational and technical) education, computer technologies.
PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE OF A SPECIALIST IN THE FIELD OF NANOMATERIAL SCIENCE TO CREATE INNOVATIVE NANOSTRUCTURES ON THE SURFACE OF SEMICONDUCTORS
Authors:   Бердянський державний педагогічний університет, BARDUS I. , KOVACHОV S. ,   Бердянський державний педагогічний університет, BOHDANOV I. ,   Бердянський державний педагогічний університет, SUCHIKOVA Y. ,   Бердянський державний педагогічний університет
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the urgent problem of improving the quality of professional training of future specialists in the field of nanomaterial science for productive activities, namely, the definition of the system of his professional competence in the creation of nanostructures on the surface of semiconductors. The article, based on the structure of the production process for the synthesis of innovative nanostructures on the surface of a semiconductor, defines the qualification requirements for a specialist in the field of nanomaterial science. It was established that a specialist in the field of nanomaterial science must possess design, technological, operational, research, organizational and management competencies. Design competence involves the modeling of a new nanostructure on the surface of a semiconductor to acquire the desired functional properties, the selection of optimal technological solutions for the synthesis of these nanostructures, and the development of experimental methods in accordance with the chosen technology. Technological competence ensures the effectiveness of professional activity in the synthesis of a new nanostructure on the surface of a semiconductor based on the chosen technology. Organizational and managerial competence allows a specialist to carry out technical training, control, and regulation of the process of synthesis of nanostructures on the surface of a semiconductor with a given quality. The formed scientific and research competence allows to carry out a scientific search for the morphological properties of the nanomaterial structure in order to give it the necessary functional properties, to develop new technologies and appropriate equipment for the synthesis of nanostructures on the surface of a semiconductor. The article also describes the structure and content of design, technological, research and organizational and management competencies of specialists in the field of nanomaterial science, which are the basis for the development of a fundamentalized system of their training in institutions of higher education. Key words: nanotechnology, professional competence, production process, system approach, specialist in the field of nanomaterial science, productive activity, synthesis of nanomaterials.
MEIO AMBIENTE
Authors: Mariano Nilson , Ferrarezi Junior Edemar
Published: January 2023

A degradação ambiental é um processo que vem sendo discutido e abordado há muito tempo, o nível de degradação ambiental vem aumentando de forma insigne, e o resultado disso é a destruição dos recursos naturais, do ecossistema, a biodiversidade e todo o sistema que envolve o meio ambiente. A sustentabilidade é essencial e para buscar formas de equilíbrio entre as necessidades humanas e a preservação dos recursos naturais e vem justamente mudar e garantir um cenário positivo e adequado em relação ao modo como estão sendo utilizados e explorados. Baseando-se no assunto discutido, o presente trabalho justifica- se com base no atual cenário de degradação e desgaste ambiental, e tem como objetivo demonstrar a importância da sustentabilidade e os meios de mitigação através delas empregadas à sociedade, visando a erradicação do desgaste ambiental, bem como a exploração inadequada e radical dos recursos naturais, resultados obtidos através do método de revisão bibliográfica, de artigos científicos, livros, revistas e sites eletrônicos que estão relacionados ao tema, concluindo se assim que a abordagem da sustentabilidade como forma de mitigação do desgaste ambiental é uma excelente alternativa, baseando se na mudança necessária, cautelosa e rápida que precisa ser adotada em âmbito global.
SOCIEDADE DO CANSAÇO NO CONTEXTO BRASILEIRO PÓS PANDEMIA
Authors: Calegari Ana Elisa Silva , Doti Marcelo Micke
Published: January 2023

É premente, no contexto brasileiro pós pandemia, o estado de cansaço e o esgotamento dos trabalhadores frente às demandas, às pressões por resultados, à exigência de alto desempenho, autocobranças individuais e dificuldades para se desligarem do serviço e/ou terem mais tempo para fazerem o que gostam em seu momento de lazer. As empresas querem produzir mais com menos recursos, recuperar prejuízos e metas não atingidas, decorrentes do período em que as atividades estiveram paradas. Contribuições filosóficas e culturais esclarecem o assunto, relacionando-o à evolução da própria gestão empresarial, ao neoliberalismo e ao desequilíbrio existente entre teoria e prática, agravado por crises e doenças. Existe um limite para trabalhar sem adoecer? Posto isso, uma revisão bibliográfica pode impulsionar um olhar crítico e conscientizador sobre os impactos na saúde física e mental dos trabalhadores e pensar sugestões de conciliação e melhoria entre gestores e subordinados, já que o cansaço representa um problema para as organizações e para a sociedade como um todo. As fontes da pesquisa são obras, artigos, publicações acadêmicas e reportagens eletrônicas sobre o tema, acompanhadas da análise e interpretação dos dados encontrados.
MERCADO FUTURO DE MILHO
Authors: Sanches Caroline Manoel de Campos , Lopes Marcelo Roberto Farah , Cella Daltro
Published: January 2023

As commodities agrícolas apresentam sazonalidade (safra e entressafra), onde os preços caem com excesso de oferta (safra) e sobem com a escassez de oferta ou com excesso de demanda (entressafra). O milho foi escolhido por ser um ativo de pouca liquidez, o que possibilitou acompanhar a movimentação de preços com calma, pois não são realizados movimentos bruscos de compra e venda como ocorre com outros ativos de maior liquidez. O objetivo deste trabalho foi fazer uma revisão sobre o mercado de derivativos e realizar simulação de hedge e spread no mercado futuro de milho. O estudo utilizou de métodos qualitativos e quantitativos para possibilitar a realização de operações simuladas de hedge. A realização desta pesquisa mostrou-se importante para entender sobre o risco-retorno do mercado de commodities que esse tipo de operação em renda variável apresenta, e contribui para desmistificar o mercado futuro, pois qualquer investidor e/ou especulador poderá ter acesso a esse mercado.
Manajemen Strategik Gerakan Sekolah Menyenangkan Dalam Mewujudkan Profil Pelajar Pancasila
Authors: Purwaningsih Purwaningsih , Mawardi Imam , Usman Nurodin
Published: January 2023

Research Objectives :(1) To find out the strategic management planning of the fun school movement in realizing the Pancasila student profile; (2) To find out the strategic management process of the fun school movement in realizing the Pancasila Student profile; (3) To compile a strategic management evaluation of the fun school movement in realizing the Pancasila Student profile. The method used is descriptive, data obtained through interviews, document study and observation. The results of the study show that the strategic management of the fun school movement in realizing the Pancasila student profile is carried out in three stages, namely: planning, implementation and evaluation. Strategic management planning is carried out superiorly by identifying opportunities and threats from outside as well as strengths and weaknesses from within the school or analyzing the external and internal environment, determining the GSM strategy; Explanation of the vision, mission and objectives that have been implemented as well as identification of short, medium and long term plans. Implementation is carried out by determining academic planning in schools including compiling and implementing programs, compiling budgets, motivating educators and education staff, allocating human resources so that the strategies that have been implemented can be implemented and developing a school culture that supports the fun school movement strategy in realizing student profiles pancasila. Management evaluation is carried out in three ways, namely direct evaluation of school programs or activities, evaluation of the academic field and evaluation meetings.
Effect of Trans-Anethole on Gene Expression of Steroidogenic Enzymes in the Ovary of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Model Rate
Authors: Asadian Maryam , Yaghoubi Hashem , Mahmoudi Fariba , Haghighat Gollo Khadijeh
Published: January 2023

Background: The process of steroidogenesis is crucial to the normal function of the ovaries. In individuals with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the activity of related enzymes in this process is disrupted. In the present study, the effect of trans-anethole was investigated on gene expression of steroidogenesis enzymes in PCOS model rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, thirty female rats were divided into six groups (n=5 per group). Fifteen PCOS rats in three groups received intraperitoneal injections of distilled water, 50, and 80 mg/kg of trans-anethole, respectively. Also, 15 intact rats in three groups received intraperitoneal injections of distilled water, 50, and 80 mg/kg trans-anethole. The expression of steroidogenesis genes was determined using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results: The mRNA level of Cyp19 significantly increased in intact rats receiving 80 mg/kg trans-anethole compared to the control group. The Cyp19 level in PCOS groups was significantly reduced compared to the control group. The mRNA level of Cyp19 in PCOS groups that resived 50 or 80 mg/kg trans-anethole increased compared to PCOS rats, but this increase was not statistically significant. The mRNA level of Cyp17 did not significantly change in intact and PCOS rats that received trans-anethole compared to the control group. Conclusion: Trans-anethole may improve PCOS complications due to its involvement in regulating steroidogenesis.
Treatment of Allergic Patients with Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy: Surgery Versus Medication Therapy
Authors: Sohrabpour Mojtaba , Sadeghi Shabestari Mahnaz , Jabbari Moghaddam Yalda , Kalani Navid , Brumdanpur Fariborz , Dakhili Ardestani Amin
Published: January 2023

Background: Adenotonsillar hypertrophy (AH) is the most common cause of respiratory obstruction of the upper airway, and tonsillectomy is one of the most frequently performed surgical interventions in children. It has been proposed that medical treatment in an allergic state could decrease the size of AH. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the outcomes of surgery and medical therapies among allergic children with AH. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was carried out on 68 children with AH in an allergic state who were referred to the Pediatrics Hospital of Tabriz Medical University. They were divided into two groups and matched according to sex, age, and primary clinical signs and symptoms. Patients received surgery (case group) and medication (control groups) for treated AH. Finally, they were compared according to the results of treatment and recurrence rate. Results: The mean age of children in the case and control groups was 6.3Â±2.3 and 6.8Â±2.1 years, respectively. There was no significant difference in improving clinical signs and symptoms between the two groups. In the case group, no improvement of clinical signs and symptoms was observed in one patient compared with two patients in the control group. In the control group, no decrease in the size of the tonsils was observed in three patients. Recurrence of clinical signs of AH was observed in six (17.6%) patients of the control group, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.001). Conclusion: Our findings showed no significant differences in the outcomes of the two therapeutic methods for AH in an allergic state. However, medical treatment needs a long time to affect, but surgery can act quickly. Recurrence of AH after medical therapy could occur.
Unilateral Agenesis of the Internal Carotid Artery: A Report of Two Rare Cases
Authors: Hadei Seyed Kamaledin , Ramezani Mahdi , Taherian Reza
Published: January 2023

Background: Internal carotid artery (ICA) agenesis occurs when one or both of the blood vessels that supply blood to the brain do not develop. Congenital agenesis of the ICA rarely occurs. It is usually asymptomatic but may sometimes associate with neurological symptoms such as migraine and pulsatile tinnitus. Moreover, differentiating it from occlusion of ICA is important in patients with stroke. Case Report: We report two cases (63-years-old man and 69-year-old woman) of asymptomatic unilateral ICA agenesis who were referred to our cardiovascular hospital for coronary artery bypass graft. Due to a suspicious history of transient ischemic attack, the patients underwent carotid ultrasonography. With findings suggestive of unilateral ICA agenesis at color Doppler, patients underwent computed tomography angiography that confirmed the diagnosis. Conclusion: Suspecting ICA agenesis at color Doppler imaging of the neck and differentiating it from occluded ICA at CT angiography is important for correct diagnosis and management of the patients.
Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Coenzyme Q10 on Testicular Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Role of the Mitochondrial Apoptosis Pathway
Authors: Hashemi Mehrdad , Masoumi Masoumeh , Salehi Mitra , Abdolhamid Angaji Seyed
Published: January 2023

Background: Testicular ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a urological emergency that can lead to male infertility. So far, no suitable treatment has been found for it. Therefore, in the present study, we investigate the therapeutic effects of concomitant administration of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) on testicular I/R damage in rats and the expressions of genes involved in mitochondrial apoptosis, miR-21, and circRNA0001518. Materials and Methods: In this study, after induction of testicular torsion/detorsion, CoQ10 and TiO2-NPs were administered to the rats for ten days. Then, sperm extracted from the epididymides were analyzed for concentration, viability, morphology, and motility. The amount of apoptosis in testicular cells was studied by flow cytometry. Also, the expressions of the Bax and Bcl-2 genes, as well as miR-21 and circRNA0001518 levels were evaluated. Results: Sperm parameters improved in the ratsâ€™ testicular that received CoQ10. Administration of TiO2-NPs to healthy rats increased apoptosis and the Bax/Bcl-2 expression ratio. However, its administration to testicular I/R rats alone or in combination with CoQ10 caused a decrease in apoptosis, the Bax/Bcl-2 expression ratio, and an increase in miR-21 and circRNA0001518 expressions. Conclusion: Overall, individual or joint administration of TiO2-NPs or CoQ10 can have therapeutic effects on testicular I/R by altering the expressions of genes in the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and their regulatory elements.
Decrement of Transcriptome Level in Epithelial Tight Junction Claudin and Occludin as an Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Signature for Colorectal Cancer Biomarker
Authors: Shirkoohi Reza , Ghoojaei Maryam , Saffari Mojtaba , Emamirazavi Amirnader , Hashemi Mehrdad
Published: January 2023

Background: Colorectal cancer is a common and fatal disease worldwide with increasing diagnosed cases yearly. Moreover, about 90% of deaths associated with cancers occur due to metastasis, which overcomes tight junction proteins such as claudin and occludin. The present study aimed to evaluate the significance of claudin and occludin expression change in human colorectal cancer. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 38 colorectal cancer patients were compared with normal samples regarding the expression levels of claudin and occludin genes by polymerase chain reaction. Results: The expression levels of claudin and occludin significantly decreased in tumor samples compared to normal samples. Conclusion: The change in the expression level of the claudin and occludin genes could be considered an influential factor in turning normal healthy tissues into cancerous cells.
Hypertensive Pregnancy Disorders and Lipid Profiles: A Cohort Study
Authors: Zare Marjan , Faraji Azam , Razavi Behnaz
Published: January 2023

Background: The global prevalence of hypertensive pregnancy disorders (HPDs) is 5.2%-8.2%. Lipid profiles made up of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL) could affect the arterial vessel wall leading to HPDs. Preeclampsia (PE), among the most severe maternal-fetal HPDs, has affected 0.2%-9.2% of all pregnancies. The current study aimed to investigate the role of lipid profiles in predicting PE in the first and early third trimesters of pregnancy. Material and Method: A large-scale prospective cohort study was conducted from early pregnancy onward in a normal population in the south of Iran. Fasting blood samples were examined for TG, TC, HDL, and LDL, as well as LDL/HDL ratio levels in the first and early third trimesters. Result: Of 486 pregnant women, 37 women developed HPDs, of which 20 (54%) developed PE. In the PE group, the levels of serum lipid profiles, including TG, TC, LDL, and HDL, significantly raised with gestational age (P<0.05). After adjusting for maternal age and body mass index, TG, TC, LDL, and LDL/HDL ratio levels were associated with a higher risk of PE (odds ratio [OR]=1.025, 1.035, 1.03, 2.08, and 1.026, 1.044, 1.03, 2.14, P<0.001) regarding the first and early third trimesters, respectively. The optimum cut-off points for TG, TC, LDL, and LDL/HDL ratios predicting PE were estimated to be 180.5 mg/dl, 197.5 mg/dl, 136 mg/dl, and 3.66 in the first, and 220 mg/dl, 204 mg/dl, 155.5 mg/dl, and 3.97 in the early third trimesters. Conclusion: Dyslipidemia during pregnancy may help predict PE development that can be sustained with lipid-lowering drugs. [GMJ.2022;11:e2395]
Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Screening Test for Preeclampsia in the First and Early-Third Trimesters of Pregnancy: A Cohort Study
Authors: Zare Marjan , Faraji Azam , Nourani Zahra , Askary Elham , Kasraeian Maryam
Published: January 2023

Background: Preeclampsia (PEC), affecting 5-10% of all pregnancies, is a multisystem disease diagnosed by hypertension (HTN) and protein in the urine or multi-organ problems without signs of proteinuria occurring after 20 weeks of gestation. PEC is the most common cause of maternal death and can lead to premature delivery. The current study aimed to investigate the accuracy of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) for predicting PEC in the first and early-third trimesters of pregnancy in a normal population in the south of Iran. Materials and Methods: A large-scale cohort study was performed from early pregnancy onward during November 2018-2019 in a normal population from Fars province, Southwest Iran. Four hundred forty-nine pregnant women were followed prospectively, and normal blood pressure (normotensive), gestational HTN, and PEC groups were compared in terms of white blood cells (WBC) count, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and NLR. Results: The serum levels of WBC count, neutrophil, and NLR significantly increased from the first to the early-third trimesters of pregnancy (P<0.05); however, lymphocytes decreased (P<0.05). The NLR cut-off points for predicting PEC were 2.79 (sensitivity=86.7% and specificity=92.6%) in the first and 3.2 (sensitivity=90.5% and specificity=79.4%) in the early-third trimesters. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that NLR could be an accurate predictive factor for PEC in the first and early-third trimesters of pregnancies; however, more studies are needed to investigate the immunomodulatory drugs for the prevention of PEC.
The Impact of Coronavirus-2019 On General Health Anxiety Among Students of Iranian Medical Sciences
Authors: Abiar Sadaf , Modaresi Farzaneh , Ansari Amir , Karimi Aliasghar , Eslamzadeh Mahboubeh , Shekoohi Fatemeh , Sabet Hamid Reza
Published: January 2023

Background: During the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, Iranian medical sciences students were at higher risk of contracting this virus because they were in infected environments. So, they are predisposed to high levels of anxiety that could worsen their lives. The determent of factors and levels of anxiety could be helpful to reduce anxiety and control its worse effects. Hence, this study aimed to measure the anxiety index and its factors among medical sciences students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, an online survey was sent to students from 27 medical sciences universities in Iran from 20th  December 2020 to 10th  March 2021. The online survey consists of the Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI) for measured general health anxiety as well as the baseline characteristics of students. Results: 723 students responded, including 483 (66.8%) females and mean HAI score was 16.76 Â± 8.35. Based on our findings, gender, past medical, and drug history were significantly related to the high level of anxiety. However, there was no coloration between HAI scores with age, the field of study, study duration, university location, and attendance in the hospital and/or COVID-19 ward (PËƒ0.05). Conclusions: Students with notable past medical history and/or drug history and female students more than others were predisposed to anxiety in a pandemic such as COVID-19. Hence, in a pandemic situation, psychological care should concern them.
Neurological Symptoms in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients: An Updated Literature Review
Authors: Jafarinia Morteza , Mohammadi Somayeh , Rostami Amirabbas , Naghdizadeh Fateme , ShojaeiBaghini Mahdie , Karami Nooshin , Negargar Sohrab , Emadi Mohsen
Published: January 2023

Several studies have reported that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can lead to multi-organ dysfunction. COVID-19 has been linked to a variety of neurological symptoms, according to the literature. The various paths via which the brain can be infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), as well as the symptoms of COVID-19 in neurological diseases, are discussed. COVID-19 symptoms have been observed in neurological illnesses such as epilepsy, ischemic stroke, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, subarachnoid hemorrhage, Guillainâ€“BarrÃ© syndrome, and Parkinson's disease in several investigations.
The Therapeutic Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Negargar Sohrab , Pooladi Marziyeh , Hatami Fariba , Bahrani Seyed Shahabeddin , Kargar Jahromi Hossein
Published: January 2023

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an injury of the spine that could be life-threatening and lead to partial or complete loss of autonomic, sensory, and motor function below the injured area. Surgery decompression and steroid injection are the current treatments for SCI, but neither is particularly effective, and there is a growing demand for a more potent treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are novel therapeutic agents that were used in different inflammatory diseases. These cells have immunomodulatory and regenerative properties which make them a promising candidate for neurological disorders such as SCI. MSCs are easily expandable in vitro and have the capacity for multilineage differentiation. These cells, which can be derived from adipose tissue, bone marrow (BM), Wharton jelly, or umbilical cord, have immunomodulatory and paracrine capabilities. They can release a variety of cytokines and other substances that suppress the growth of B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells (NKCs) as well as alter the activity of dendritic cells (DCs). In this study, we reviewed clinical studies that showed the effects of MSCs from different sources in the SCI.
Therapeutic Efficacy of Melatonin in Patients with Coronavirus 2019: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Akbari Maryam , Bagheri Lankarani Kamran , Homayounfar Reza , Tabrizi Reza , Vali Mohebat , Zakeri Mohamad- Reza , Farjam Mojtaba , Khodadost Mahmoud , Ahmadizar Fariba
Published: January 2023

The efficacy of melatonin in the treatment of patients with coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is controversial. This review has summarized the evidence on the efficacy of oral melatonin compared to placebo in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 infection. We searched four international online databases and all randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that investigated the effects of melatonin compared with the placebo on clinical outcomes, including mortality, discharge time, O2 saturation (SaO2), and c-reactive protein (CRP) levels in patients with COVID-19 infection, were included. The standard random-effects model with hybrid continuity correction was used to pool the risk ratio (RR), weighted mean difference (WMD), and the I2 index to assess the heterogeneity. A total of 272 patients from five RCTs were included. Our meta-analysis showed melatonin compared to placebo, decreased discharge time (WMD=-0.93 days; 95% confidence interval [CI]:-2.94 to 1.07, P=0.36; I2=56.78%) and the risk of mortality (RR=0.72; 95% CI:0.25 to 2.13, P=0.56; I2=0.0%) in COVID-19 patients. Melatonin intake compared to placebo significantly increased SaO2 (WMD=1.38%; 95% CI:0.09 to 2.68, P=0.04; I2=49.82%) and decreased the CRP levels (WMD=-7.24 mg/l; 95% CI:-11.28 to -3.21, P<0.001) in a sensitivity analysis. Our findings showed the efficacy of melatonin compared to placebo in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 infection.
Digestive System Involvement During Coronavirus Disease 2019; the Newest Clinical Features and Potential Mechanisms
Authors: Jooya Parisa , Najafi Kashkooli Aida , Navari Farzaneh , Gorjizadeh Neda , Poudineh Maryam , Pouralimohamadi Neda , Asadian Asma , Sabet Hamidreza
Published: January 2023

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been recognized as a worldwide pandemic and mostly affects the respiratory system. A considerable proportion of patients; however, might also experience gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations. Several investigations have assessed GI and hepatic involvement in this disease, although the mechanisms of these involvements in relation to the progression of COVID-19 remain unclear. This review summarized the clinical observations and the main mechanisms behind GI, liver, and pancreatic involvement among COVID-19 patients.
The Role of Nursing Care in the Management of Patients with Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Miao Qun , Yan Yan , Zhou Mengjie , Sun Xueqi
Published: January 2023

Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (tSAH) is a critical condition that requires comprehensive management to optimize patient outcomes. Nursing care plays a key role in the overall management of patients with tSAH via various aspects of care, including neurological assessment, monitoring, intervention, and education. In this review, we aim to evaluate the significant contributions of nursing care in managing patients with tSAH. Nurses perform initial neurological assessments, including the glasgow coma scale, pupil reactivity, vital signs, and sensory-motor evaluations. These assessments provide valuable information for early identification of deteriorating neurological status and prompt intervention. Additionally, nurses closely monitor intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebral perfusion pressure, and other hemodynamic parameters, assisting in the prevention and timely detection of secondary brain injury. For example, some strategies to manage ICP include elevating the head of the bed, maintaining adequate oxygenation and ventilation, administering proper medications, and ensuring fluid and electrolyte balance. Also, through careful monitoring, early recognition, and appropriate preventive measures, nursing care could prevent complications, including infections, deep vein thrombosis, and pressure ulcers. Furthermore, nursing care extends beyond physical management and encompasses psychosocial support for patients and their families. Nurses establish therapeutic relationships, providing emotional support, education, and counseling to alleviate anxiety, address concerns, and facilitate coping mechanisms. Education regarding medication management, lifestyle modifications, and the importance of regular follow-up enhances patient compliance and promotes long-term recovery.
Cyberostracism and knowledge sharing: The mediating role of social anxiety in e-learning environments
Authors: AKÇAY Arif , KAYİŞ Ahmet Rıfat
Published: January 2023

Ostracized individuals face a series of negative situations and feel social anxiety during their interactions with others. However, individuals with social anxiety may not share their knowledge because of the discomfort they experience in interactions. The aim of this study is to examine the mediating role of social anxiety in learner–learner interaction in terms of the relationship between cyberostracism and knowledge sharing in e-learning environments. A total of 268 pre-service teachers participated in the study. The study determined the relationship between the variables with Pearson’s correlation coefficients and used a regression-based mediation test to examine the mediator model. It found that cyberostracism was positively related to social anxiety in learner–learner interactions in e-learning environments and negatively associated with knowledge sharing. There was also a negative relationship between social anxiety and knowledge sharing. Moreover, cyberostracism predicted knowledge sharing in e-learning environments. Finally, we determined that social anxiety in learner–learner interactions was the full mediator in the relationship between cyberostracism and knowledge sharing. Therefore, it can be argued that cyberostracism is not a direct predictor of pre-service teachers’ knowledge sharing behavior in e-learning environments and pre-service teachers avoid knowledge sharing due to social anxiety caused by cyberostracism. The research results also led to suggestions for practice and research.
Effect of semantic encoding strategy instruction on transfer of learning in e-learning environments
Authors: TELLİ Esra , ALTUN Arif
Published: January 2023

This research aims to examine the effect of semantic encoding strategy instruction on students' near and far transfer performances in e-learning environments. The research was performed by experimental design. Dependent variables of the research were near and far transfer performances. Independent variable was strategy instruction on encoding. Also recalling performance was included in the research as a control variable. Research data were gathered with a transfer test containing 18 multiple-choice items. The experimental study was performed with 67 students with a medium level of recalling performance. The students were randomly assigned to experimental group I (strategy instruction+integrated content), experimental group II (strategy intruction+non-integrated content), and control group (non-integrated content). The results of this research indicated that encoding strategy instruction is essential for the transfer of learning in e-learning environments. However, it is more effective when e-learning design is integrated with encoding strategies. Therefore, it is suggested that semantic encoding strategies should be integrated into the content when designing e-learning environments.