bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vaclav Havel’s Levinas: Timely remarks on humanism
Authors: Brennan Daniel
Published: December 2016

The paper explores Václav Havel’s encounter with Emmanuel Levinas’ essay ‘Without Identity’, which Havel read while in prison. The discussion of this encounter will demonstrate the importance of this encounter for solidifying the humanist elements of Havel’s thought, whilst also demonstrating the pre-existing humanism in Havel, evidence itself of his large debt to Czechoslovak humanist thought. What emerges is a demonstration of the richness and timeliness of Havel’s writing on responsibility. The paper makes a case for rejecting popular Heideggerian interpretations of Havel’s oeuvre. Havel’s deep affinity for Levinas’ thinking demonstrates that Havel’s humanism, informed as it is from the Czech tradition as well as through his encounter with Levinas, is at odds with Heidegger’s essential anti-humanism.
Moritz Schlick – ethics from a meta-theoretical perspective
Authors: Mihina František
Published: December 2016

Moritz Schlick was the leader of an influential group of scientists, logicians and philosophers. The content of his book “Problems of Ethics” is the application of the method of logical analysis of language to some of traditional ethical problems. Schlick offers many topics in his book Problems of Ethics – what are the motives of human conduct, what is egoism, what is the meaning of “moral”, etc. In this article, focus will be on the explanation of only one of many areas of Schlick’s ethics – the meta-theoretical perspective describing the main aims of his ethical magnum opus – Problems of Ethics.
Ethics for everyday heroes – from Utilitarianism to Effective Altruism
Authors: Synowiec Jakub
Published: December 2016

Effective Altruism is a very new discipline. The first steps towards creating a community were made in 2009. Although the movement is young, it has already changed lives of many people and its popularity continues to rise. The idea of effective altruism is deeply rooted in philosophy, hence to understand it better an attempt will be made to reconstruct and present the philosophical framework of Effective Altruism. This part is intended to show the development of utilitarian thought that led to Effective Altruism. I intentionally limited this reconstruction to the views of Peter Singer, as his philosophy inspired many effective altruists, especially at the beginning of the movement. I have tried to show that his earliest works were the first steps on the way to effective altruism. In the second part selected details of the idea will be referred to in order to show the current state of development of this branch of utilitarianism. In the last part, selected doubts and critical remarks will be presented that might be inspiration to adapt Effective Altruism to specific conditions of Central and Eastern Europe. It will be argued that advocacy for Effective Altruism is a fair way for effective altruists in countries of Central and Eastern Europe.
Assessment of the usefulness of selected media used in the rooting process of lavender cotton shoot cuttings
Authors: Szczepaniak Stanisława , Guzikowski Zdzisław , Henschke Monika
Published: December 2016

Lavender cotton (Santolina chamaecyparissus L.) shoot cuttings, obtained from two-year-old mother plants, were rooted in five different media under an unheated foil tunnel. Two ready-made and widely recommended media were used: Hartmann peat substrate and Ceres peat-coconut substrate, as well as three prepared mixtures: high peat + mineral soil, high peat + perlite and high peat + sand. The influence of medium type on the number of rooted cuttings and the quality of the root system was assessed for two cultivation times during a three-year study after eight weeks from the date of cutting. As far as the ready-made rooting substrates are concerned, Ceres peat-coconut substrate turned out to be better when compared with the Hartmann substrate. The number of high quality rooted cuttings was larger when media containing high peat mixed with either mineral soil or sand were used in comparison with the mixture of high peat and perlite.
Den normative ortografi og udtalen. Skitse til en typologi
Authors: Jacobsen Henrik Galberg
Published: December 2016

The paper deals with the relations between Danish pro­nunciation and the so-called ‘normative orthography’, i.e. the official Danish writing rules as laid down by the authorities in orthographic directives since 1889. The specific aim of the paper is to suggest a model for defining and describing the different kinds of normative orthography and their mutual relations. The criteria used for placing the orthographic rules in the model are (a) whether the rule is dependent on pronunciation or not, and (b) whether the resulting orthography (i.e. the prescribed letters) are linguistic signs (inflectional endings, morphemes) or non-signs. The model thus consists of four types of normative orthography, i.e. autonomous expression orthography (Danish: autonom udtryksortografi), autonomous content orthography (Danish: autonom indholdsortografi), mirrored expression orthography (Danish: spejlet udtryksortografi) and mirrored content orthography (Danish: spejlet indholdsortografi). Among these, mirrored expression orthography constitutes the core domain, followed by mirrored content orthography, which has been a growing domain after the 1889-directives, and autonomous content orthography, which is a potentially growing domain.
Lavær!
Authors: Hansen Erik
Published: December 2016

The paper is a brief study of the Danish expression lavær! (lad være). The author presents the expression’s origin and makes comments regarding lavær-related problems of orthographic, phonetic and semantic nature. The paper is concluded with remarks concerning the expression’s grammatical and syntactic status.
Wirklichkeitsnah oder stereotyp? Das Bild von Dänemark und den Dänen in ausgewählten deutschen Lehrbüchern für Dänisch als Fremdsprache
Authors: Jarosz Józef
Published: December 2016

The contemporary teaching of foreign languages assumes the development of the ability to use a foreign language in different communication situations. Apart from language competence, also the cultural competence is developed as it is a necessary component of communication. A successful transfer of knowledge and language skills in the process of foreign language learning is determined by a textbook (in addition to other factors). The goal of this article is to analyze the content and assess three Danish textbooks, which were published in Germany in the years 2008-2010. The textbooks are examined in terms of knowledge about Danish life and institutions, the transfer of intercultural competence and the presence of stereotypes. The textbooks were studied based on the list of criteria and it resulted in stating that the textbooks fulfill the objective of providing the knowledge about the country to a great degree. The intercultural component and the issue of stereotypes are dealt with in a different manner.
Til lykke
Authors: Jarvad Pia
Published: December 2016

In this article I give semantic and historical explanations of some selected lexical areas that may cause problems for non-native speakers of Danish. I describe some important developments in a historical perspective, showing how new words shift the semantics of old words.

I also deal with how many new words are continuously recorded and the vast majority of new words are occasional formations. They show the creativity in Danish language. I have selected two new words from each year since 1946 to honor the 70-year-old professor in Danish.
Om diminutivet i norsk
Authors: Skommer Grzegorz
Published: December 2016

The article offers a concise overview of diminution in Norwegian. Diminutives belong to the domain of evaluation and are produced by means of various derivational processes that are studied under the label ‘evaluative morphology’ (Körtvélyessy, 2015). Some languages exhibit elaborated systems of evaluative markers (e.g. Polish, Italian or Dutch), whereas other (Norwegian, Swedish or Danish) have weak evaluative morphology. The article explores the possibilities for prefixal and suffixal diminutive derivation in Norwegian and discusses the semantics of evaluative morphology with reference to the works by Jurafsky (1996) and Dressler/Merlini Barberesi (1994). Periphrasis, a diminutivizing device in Norwegian that requires further study, is briefly mentioned.
Content of Chemical Elements in Wood-Destroying Fungi
Authors: Strapáč I. , Baranová M.
Published: December 2016

The aim of this study was to examine the content of chemical elements in the dried fruiting bodies of edible wood decaying fungi such as Honey mushrooms (Armillaria mellea), Shiitakes (Lentinus edodes) and Oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus). Powdered samples of fungi were mineralized in a microwave digestion. Twenty-one (21) chemical elements were detected in the plasma of the device ICP-MS AGILENT 7500c by accredited methods with the aid of calibration curves. The content of individual elements varied within a considerable range. The highest contents of K, Mn, Cu and Cd were found in the fruiting bodies of Honey mushrooms (Armillaria mellea). Shiitakes (Lentinus edodes) had the highest content of B and Mo. Significant differences were found in the content of elements in the Oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) from Slovakia, Hungary and China. The highest content of Al was found in the Oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) from Hungary. The Chinese oysters had a maximum contents of Ca, Mg, Co, Pb, As and U. The Oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) from Lemešany (Slovakia) had the highest contents of Na, Zn, Fe, Se, Ag, Hg and Cr. The difference of chemical element content could be influenced by the genotype of the fungus and by the composition of substrate on which mushroom grow up.
Behaviour Problems of Cats Reared Individually or in Coexistence with other Animals (Cats, Dog)
Authors: Kmecová N. , Weissová T. , Vdoviaková K.
Published: December 2016

The aim of this study was to determine whether behaviour problems in indoor cats depend on the number of cats in a household or rearing one or more cats in a household together with a dog. The study was carried out on animals which were divided for the purpose of this study into 4 groups: (1) households with one cat; (2) households with two cats; (3) households with three or more cats; (4) households with one or more cats and a dog. Altogether 91 cats were included in the study. The practical part of this investigation was based on a questionnaire. It was observed that the probability of behaviour problems was not related unambiguously to the number of cats in a household or the company of a dog. The percentage of the occurrence of changed behaviour did not differ significantly between the groups.
Lipid Based Formulations of Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) Class II Drugs: Strategy, Formulations, Methods and Saturation
Authors: Šoltýsová I. , Toropilová D. , de Vringer T.
Published: December 2016

Active ingredients in pharmaceuticals differ by their physico-chemical properties and their bioavailability therefore varies. The most frequently used and most convenient way of administration of medicines is oral, however many drugs are little soluble in water. Thus they are not sufficiently effective and suitable for such administration. For this reason a system of lipid based formulations (LBF) was developed. Series of formulations were prepared and tested in water and biorelevant media. On the basis of selection criteria, there were selected formulations with the best emulsification potential, good dispersion in the environment and physical stability. Samples of structurally different drugs included in the Class II of the Biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS) were obtained, namely Griseofulvin, Glibenclamide, Carbamazepine, Haloperidol, Itraconazol, Triclosan, Praziquantel and Rifaximin, for testing of maximal saturation in formulations prepared from commercially available excipients. Methods were developed for preparation of formulations, observation of emulsification and its description, determination of maximum solubility of drug samples in the respective formulation and subsequent analysis. Saturation of formulations with drugs showed that formulations 80 % XA and 20 % Xh, 35 % XF and 65 % Xh were best able to dissolve the drugs which supports the hypothesis that it is desirable to identify limited series of formulations which could be generally applied for this purpose.
Structurization of mining companies
Authors: Kudełko Jan
Published: December 2016

A structure is defined as a combination of organizational units and business processes by technological, organizational, hierarchical and other bonds. It is one of the management tools. Mining companies are characterized by a dynamic and static structure. A dynamic structure includes technological processes, which are determined by mining technology, the organization of mining works and a work system. The static structure consists of technological processes infrastructure and includes a group of organizational units connected by the specific standards and processes of their operation.

The type of the structure, particularly in its static part, is defined considering the hierarchy and organizational units classification. Taking the hierarchy into account, we distinguish: linear, functional, linear-staff and matrix structures. Considering organizational units classification, we distinguish: functional, divisional, processing and mixed structures. Each structure can be described by the following features: specialization, hierarchization, centralization and formalization. The features mentioned above have a significant impact on the mining company activity.

The dynamic structure of a mining company, considering basic and support technological processes, is described in the paper. Concerning static structures, special attention was paid to functional structures in the one-unit mining company, as well as on divisional structures of the multi-unit mining enterprise. Analyses of organizational structures of selected mining companies indicate that functional structures are suitable for small or one-unit mines. In the case of large mining companies, which through the dynamic development become the global operators of several mines/projects localized in different geographical regions or countries, their organizational structure should change from functional toward divisional.
The suitability of polish ortho-lignite deposits for clean coal technologies
Authors: Bielowicz Barbara
Published: December 2016

The article presents the suitability of polish lignite deposits for clean coal technologies, mainly fluidized bed gasification and underground gasification. One of the key elements in this study, is a detailed diagnosis of the resource base, its analysis on the basis of the established verification criteria and -as a result - the achievement of a reliable assessment of suitability for highly efficient production of fuels and electric energy through lignite gasification in both surface and underground installations, taking into account both sozological conditions and protected geological sites.

The analysis has shown that only 10 out of from 166 lignite deposit meet the criteria for the potential development of process underground gasification.
The trade of energy commodities between the European Union and the United States – crude oil and natural gas
Authors: Olkuski Tadeusz , Szurlej Adam , Tora Barbara
Published: December 2016

The trend towards globalization can be observed for many years. It is reflected by the ongoing elimination of trade barriers between countries and the introduction of a system of mutual recognition of quality standards. The best example is the European Union, where a common market for many industries has been developed. Such a common market has already existed before in the United States of America and that this is why the negotiations on the merger of the largest and most developed economies in the world started in 2013. The currently negotiated agreement, the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) is designed to eliminate barriers to trade and capital flows between the two mentioned markets. The article attempts to evaluate the trade of energy commodities, namely crude oil and natural gas, between the European Union and the United States. The estimates for the next years are based on historical data and the current state. The dynamics of natural gas and crude oil production in the European Union and the United States, as well as changes in the import and export of these energy resources, have been shown. The volume of gas production from the largest North American deposits was also subjected to analysis. Special attention was paid to natural gas from unconventional deposits, as its production is expected to grow continuously until 2040. Meanwhile, the production of gas from conventional deposits is expected to decrease. The rest of the paper is focused on the balance sheets of cash for oil and natural gas. It was pointed out that the market situation for both commodities is different. In the EU, the production and consumption of both crude oil and natural gas gradually decreases, while in the United States this trend is reversed. On the other hand, some similarities can be seen in the refining industry. In recent years, many refineries were closed both in the European Union and in the United States. However, though this trend was more pronounced in Europe. In the case of liquefied gas (LNG), the expansion of US gas to Europe can be expected. Currently, the United States is building about 30 export terminals and production surpluses will certainly be exported to Europe. Judging by the pace of development of export terminals, it can be assumed that the power of condensation can reach up to 110 million tons in the near future and, as a consequence, natural gas in the form of LNG will be supplied to the European market.
Methodology of statistical study of the chemical composition of by-products of coal mining to assess their suitability as materials for reclamation
Authors: Mucha Jacek , Klojzy-Karczmarczyk Beata , Mazurek Janusz
Published: December 2016

The results of the research presented in earlier works with the participation of the authors (Klojzy-Karczmarczyk et al. 2016a, b, c) indicate the possibility of the use of mining waste from Janina Coal Mine (Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Poland, TAURON Wydobycie S.A.) or products (aggregates) produced on the basis of gangue for technical reclamation. It is essential for this process to obtain a material with low total sulfur, and it has been shown that the best quality parameters are obtained for the material subjected to modification by the rejection of fine fractions. In this work, the lower limit of the material’s fraction was determined using statistical analysis, wherein with the predetermined but low probability of error, the content of contaminants (sulfur, as well as other elements) does not exceed the allowable limit (reference value). To solve this task, 3 different statistical methods were used: evaluation of guaranteed contents (the maximum for a given degree of probability) of the polluting components, the results of statistical hypotheses testing and analysis of correlation and regression. The applied statistical methods produce results very proximate to each other. In the presented case study for the Janina coal mine based on the results of a statistically small sample (<30 observations) rock material fraction> 20 mm may be considered as safe for the purposes of reclamation, and the material fraction >25 mm as very safe. It cannot be ruled out, however, that this limit may be reduced to a diameter of 16 mm. The content analysis of 11 elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, V, Zn determined as total content in the secondary samples for the fraction 10-200 mm (the fraction >200 mm was not present) showed that they are lower than the allowable limits specified by relevant legal regulations. For this fraction, exceedance of the limit values of sulfur content is, however, highly probable. For this reason, the primary criterion for determining the suitability of the waste material for the purposes of reclamation should be the total sulfur content, and the determination of the lower limits of the material fraction that meets the environmental requirements should be conducted using statistical methods based on the results of experimental sampling of rock remaining after coal preparation. The use of advanced methods of statistical analysis may facilitate the design of technological processes, leading to obtain industrial quantities of high quality, appropriately graded reclamation material.
Core recovery criterion – a new optimization method of geological information quality in the geological conditions of the Grodziec Syncline Area
Authors: Janc Daniel , Wiśniowski Rafał , Stryczek Stanisław
Published: December 2016

The increasing requirements for the quality and amount of geological information induce the development of new technological solutions. The authors present the optimization of the coring method for a newly defined criterion of maximum geological information quality. It enables the efficiency of works to be improved without investing in new specialist and expensive equipment. The statistical classification methods commonly used in medicine and the economy were used for analyzing the homogeneity of the drilled rocks. The quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) and the Naive Bayes classifier method turned out to be most efficient, therefore they were selected from among other methods differing in the way the classification rules are built. The newly defined criterion of maximum geological information quality and the mathematical model of maximum core recovery allowed the amount and the quality of recovered rock material in the geologic conditions of the Grodziec Syncline to be incresed. The control of the process relied on detecting phenomena responsible for core damaging, i.e. erosiveness of drilling mud, mechanical damaging due to jamming in the core barrel and unstable operation of the core bit downhole. The analysis revealed that the main factor influencing the lower recovery of cores is mechanical damaging due to jamming in the core barrel. For the sake of controlling the core recovery, the authors defined and used the jamming index which defines the effect of weight on bit on momentary rate of penetration. The efficiency of this method was proved by a test performed in industrial conditions while drilling a successive wellbore in the Grodziec Syncline.

This paper was written on the basis of own experience and analyses performed by the authors while conducting works in the Grodziec Syncline in the South West Poland.
Surface Substructure and Properties of ZrB2p/6061Al Composite Treated by Laser Surface Melting under Extreme Cooling Conditions
Authors: Zeng Yida , Chao Yuhjin , Luo Zhen , Huang Yongxian , Cai Yangchuan , Deng Lingzhu , Guo Weijia , Lei Yuchen , Lu Tong , Wang Zihao
Published: December 2016

Particulate reinforcement composite ZrB2p/6061Al was fabricated from Al-K2ZrF6-KBF4 by a direct melt reaction. Laser surface melting was used to improve the surface strength of the in situ ZrB2p/6061Al composite, which includes a series of laser-melted composites with different laser power and cooling conditions processed by a 2-kW yttrium aluminum garnet laser generator. The surface substructure of these laser-treated specimens was investigated by light optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry and transmission electron microscopy. The penetration depth of the molten pool increases with increases in power density, and decreases with increases in the degree of undercooling. The Vickers hardness of the laser-melted composites reached 60–75.2 HV in liquid nitrogen and 56–64.0 HV in air, and increased by 50.4 % and 28 %. Grain refinement with decreased cellular spacing is important in strength performance. Because of a thermocapillary flow vortex and α-Al phase precipitation, nano-ZrB2 particles were distributed along the cellular dendrite boundary as observed by scanning electron microscopy. This was considered to be a key factor responsible for the improved mechanical composite properties. When cooling under liquid nitrogen, the thermal mismatch stress between particles and the matrix generates a high dislocation density. The dislocation grows along the interface between the matrix and particles and provides the laser-melted composites with additional strength.
A Lagrange Regularized Kernel Method for Solving Multi-dimensional Time-Fractional Heat Equations
Authors: Pindza Edson , Clement Mba Jules , Maré Eben , Moubandjo Désirée
Published: December 2016

Evolution equations containing fractional derivatives can provide suitable mathematical models for describing important physical phenomena. In this paper, we propose an accurate method for numerical solutions of multi-dimensional time-fractional heat equations. The proposed method is based on a fractional exponential integrator scheme in time and the Lagrange regularized kernel method in space. Numerical experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
The 12 Steps of Addiction Recovery Programs as an influence on leadership development: a personal narrative
Authors: Friedman Mitchell
Published: December 2016

My participation in a 12-step addiction program based on the principles and traditions of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) has been critical for my leadership development. As I worked to refrain from addictive behaviors and practiced 12-step principles, I experienced a shift from individualistic, self-centered leadership towards a servant leader orientation. I thus consider the 12-step recovery process, which commenced in 2001, a leadership formative experience (LFE) as it had the greatest influence on my subsequent development. My experience of thinking about and rethinking my life in reference to leadership and followership lends itself to a personal inquiry. It draws on work on the12 steps; self-assessments and personal journal entries; and memory of life events. I aim to contribute to the leadership development literature by exploring the influence of participation in a 12-step recovery program and posing it as an LFE, subjects that have received little attention.
Thermosteric contribution of warming oceans to
the global sea level variations
Authors: Bâki Iz H.
Published: December 2016

Thermosteric contribution of warming oceans
to the global sea level variations during the last century
was evaluated at globally distributed 27 tide gauge stations
with records over 80 years. The assessment was made using
a recently proposed lagged model inclusive of a sea
level trend, long and decadal periodicities, and lagged sea
surface temperature measurements. The new model solutions
revealed that almost all the long period periodic
sea level changes experienced at these stations can be attributed
to the lagged thermosteric effects of the warming
oceans during the 20th century. Meanwhile, statistically
significant (p<0.05) anomalous thermosteric contributions
to the secular trends, some of them as large as
1.0±0.2 mm/yr, were detected at six tide gauge stations
close to the equator and open seas. The findings of this
study revealed a more complex impact of the warming
oceans at the globally distributed tide gauge stations other
than a secular contribution to the sea level trends of the
previous studies.
Application of Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization techniques for improved image steganography systems
Authors: Jude Hemanth Duraisamy , Umamaheswari Subramaniyan , Popescu Daniela Elena , Naaji Antoanela
Published: December 2016

Image steganography is one of the ever growing computational approaches which has found its application in many fields. The frequency domain techniques are highly preferred for image steganography applications. However, there are significant drawbacks associated with these techniques. In transform based approaches, the secret data is embedded in random manner in the transform coefficients of the cover image. These transform coefficients may not be optimal in terms of the stego image quality and embedding capacity. In this work, the application of Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) have been explored in the context of determining the optimal coefficients in these transforms. Frequency domain transforms such as Bandelet Transform (BT) and Finite Ridgelet Transform (FRIT) are used in combination with GA and PSO to improve the efficiency of the image steganography system.
Validity of Daily and Weekly Self-Reported Training Load Measures in Adolescent Athletes
Authors: Phibbs Padraic J. , Roe Gregory , Jones Ben , Read Dale B. , Weakley Jonathon , Darrall-Jones Joshua , Till Kevin
Published: December 2016

Phibbs, PJ, Roe, G, Jones, B, Read, DB, Weakley, J, Darrall-Jones, J, and Till, K. Validity of daily and weekly self-reported training load measures in adolescent athletes. J Strength Cond Res 31(4): 1121–1126, 2017—The primary aim of the study was to assess the level of agreement between the criterion session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE30min) and a practical measure of a self-reported Web-based training load questionnaire 24 hours after training (sRPE24h) in adolescent athletes. The secondary aim was to assess the agreement between weekly summated sRPE24h values (∑sRPE24h) and a weekly Web-based training diary (sRPEweekly) for all field-based training accumulated on a subsequent training week. Thirty-six male adolescent rugby players (age, 16.7 ± 0.5 years) were recruited from a regional academy. Measures of sRPE30min were recorded 30 minutes after a typical field-based training session. Participants then completed the sRPE24h via a Web-based training load questionnaire 24 hours after training, reporting both session duration and intensity. In addition, on a subsequent week, participants completed the sRPE24h daily and then completed the sRPEweekly at the end of the week, using the same Web-based platform, to recall all field-based training session durations and intensities over those 7 days. Biases were trivial between sRPE30min and sRPE24h for sRPE (0.3% [−0.9 to 1.5]), with nearly perfect correlations (0.99 [0.98–0.99]) and small typical error of the estimate (TEE; 4.3% [3.6–5.4]). Biases were trivial between ∑sRPE24h and sRPEweekly for sRPE (5.9% [−2.1 to 14.2]), with very large correlations (0.87 [0.78–0.93]) and moderate TEE of 28.5% [23.3–36.9]. The results of this study show that sRPE24h is a valid and robust method to quantify training loads in adolescent athletes. However, sRPEweekly was found to have a substantial TEE (28.5%), limiting practical application.
Performance and Metabolic Demand of a New Repeated-Sprint Ability Test in Basketball Players: Does the Number of Changes of Direction Matter?
Authors: Zagatto Alessandro M. , Ardigò Luca P. , Barbieri Fabio A. , Milioni Fabio , Dello Iacono Antonio , Camargo Bruno H.F. , Padulo Johnny
Published: December 2016

Zagatto, AM, Ardigò, LP, Barbieri, FA, Milioni, F, Dello Iacono, A, Camargo, BHF, and Padulo, J. Performance and metabolic demand of a new repeated-sprint ability test in basketball players: does the number of changes of direction matter? J Strength Cond Res 31(9): 2438–2446, 2017—This study compared 2 repeated-sprint ability (RSA) tests in basketball players. Both tests included 10 × 30-m sprints, with the difference that the previously validated test (RSA2COD) featured 2 changes of direction (COD) per sprint, whereas the experimental test (RSA5COD) featured 5 CODs per sprint. Test performances and metabolic demands were specifically assessed in 20 basketball players. First, RSA5COD test-retest reliability was investigated. Then, RSA2COD, RSA5COD sprint times, peak speeds, oxygen uptake (V̇o
2) and posttest blood lactate concentration [La−] were measured. The RSA5COD results showed to be reliable. RSA2COD performance resulted better than the RSA5COD version (p < 0.01), with shorter sprint times and higher peak speeds. Over sprints, the tests did not differ from each other in terms of V̇o
2 (p > 0.05). Over whole bout, the RSA2COD was more demanding than the RSA5COD, considering overall metabolic power requirement (i.e., VO2-driven + [La−]-driven components). Given that RSA5COD (a) mimics real game-play as sprint distance and action change frequency/direction and (b) has the same metabolic expenditure per task completion as metabolic cost, RSA5COD is a valuable option for players and coaches for training basketball-specific agility and assessing bioenergetic demands.
Comparison of Bioimpedance and Underwater Weighing Body Fat Percentage Before and Acutely After Exercise at Varying Intensities
Authors: Nickerson Brett S. , Esco Michael R. , Kliszczewicz Brian M. , Freeborn Todd J.
Published: December 2016

Nickerson, BS, Esco, MR, Kliszczewicz, BM, and Freeborn, TJ. Comparison of bioimpedance and underwater weighing body fat percentage before and acutely after exercise at varying intensities. J Strength Cond Res 31(5): 1395–1402, 2017—The purpose of this study was to compare single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) with underwater weighing (UWW) body fat percentage (BF%) before (PRE), immediately post (IP), and 60 minutes post (60P) an acute bout of moderate and vigorous aerobic exercise. Nine men (age = 24.6 ± 3.7 years) volunteered for this study. Subjects visited the laboratory on 3 separate occasions. Testing included two 30-minute exercise sessions at 60 and 80% heart rate reserve (HRR) and a 30-minute control (CON) trial. The constant error (CE) was significantly higher for BIA at each time point and exercise session (CE = 3.0–4.9% for 60% HRR; 2.5–4.7% for 80% HRR). Conversely, BIS yielded a nonsignificant CE at each time point and exercise session (CE = −0.9 to 1.1% for 60% HRR; −0.3 to 1.2% for 80% HRR). The standard error of estimate (SEE) for both exercise sessions ranged from 2.7 to 3.1% and 3.8–4.3% for BIA and BIS, respectively. The 95% limits of agreement were narrower for BIA (60% HRR = ±5.5 to 7.8%; 80% HRR = ±6.6 to 8.5%) than BIS (60% HRR = ±8.4 to 9.4%; 80% HRR = ±8.1 to 10.2%). Results indicate that BIS can be used for mean group BF% in men at PRE, IP, and 60P time periods. However, BIA yielded a lower SEE and 95% limits of agreement than BIS. Therefore, BIA provides better individual estimates of BF% in men, but the CE should be taken into consideration.
Physical and Physiological Attributes of Wrestlers: An Update
Authors: Chaabene Helmi , Negra Yassine , Bouguezzi Raja , Mkaouer Bessem , Franchini Emerson , Julio Ursula , Hachana Younés
Published: December 2016

Chaabene, H, Negra, Y, Bouguezzi, R, Mkaouer, B, Franchini, E, Julio, U, and Hachana, Y. Physical and physiological profile of wrestler athletes: a short review. J Strength Cond Res 31(5): 1411–1442, 2017—Wrestling is one of the oldest combat sports, disputed since the ancient Greek Olympic Games. This combat sport discipline has caught the attention of scientists since 1943 which is the date that matches the appearance of the first scientific research dealing with wrestling. The current short review aimed to summarize and critically analyze the scientific literature related to wrestling's physical and physiological attributes and to provide practical recommendations for testing/training together with new perspective and areas of future scientific research. Regardless of sex and wrestling styles, an optimal level of cardiorespiratory fitness is important to help sustaining effort throughout the duration of the match and to stimulate the recovery process between periods. With regard to the anaerobic power and capacity, the available studies were in agreement about their critical importance toward reaching high-level wrestling success since these variables have discriminated well between successful and less-successful wrestlers regardless of age, weight classes, and wrestling styles. Physical fitness parameters such as maximal dynamic strength, isometric strength, explosive strength, and strength endurance are closely related to high-level wrestling performance. However, flexibility level seems not to be one of the key fitness variables that help to reach high-level wrestling success. Overall, to achieve high-level wrestling performance, training should be directed to develop anaerobic power and capacity, aerobic power, maximal dynamic and isometric strength, explosive strength, and strength endurance.
Application of a Simple Surveillance Method for Detecting the Prevalence and Impact of Overuse Injuries in Professional Men's Basketball
Authors: Weiss Kaitlyn J. , McGuigan Michael R. , Besier Thor F. , Whatman Chris S.
Published: December 2016

Weiss, KJ, McGuigan, MR, Besier, TF, and Whatman, CS. Application of a simple surveillance method for detecting the prevalence and impact of overuse injuries in professional men's basketball.J Strength Cond Res31(10): 2734–2739, 2017—The aim of this study was to use the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center (OSTRC) Overuse Injury Questionnaire to record overuse injuries over a single season for a men's professional basketball team to (a) assess the prevalence and severity of overuse injuries and (b) determine the efficacy of this method in identifying overuse injuries in comparison with the team physiotherapist's detection of these injuries. Thirteen athletes from a men's professional basketball team participated in this study. The self-reported, OSTRC injury questionnaire was used to record overuse conditions of the ankle, knee, and lower back over an entire 24-week season. Standard time-loss injury registration methods were also used to record overuse conditions by the physiotherapist. Overuse injury rates per 1,000 hours of athlete exposure and average weekly prevalence of overuse injuries were calculated using the results of the questionnaire. A total of 183 overuse conditions were identified by the questionnaire, whereas only 28 overuse conditions were identified by the physiotherapist. The team's average weekly prevalence of all overuse conditions was 63% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 60–66), with the highest prevalence of injury affecting the lower back (25.9% [95% CI: 19.7–32.1]). The overuse injury rate per 1,000 hours of athlete exposure was 6.4. The OSTRC overuse injury questionnaire captures many more overuse injuries in basketball than standard time-loss methods. The prevalence of lower back injuries is higher than that previously reported in basketball. This additional method of overuse injury surveillance may more accurately quantify the overuse injury problem in basketball and aid earlier intervention and management of these conditions.
Ласло Деже — дослідник української діалектології
Authors: Барань Єлизавета
Published: December 2016

The aim of this paper is to present László Dezső’s achievements in the field of Ukrainian linguistics and historical dialectology as well as to show the importance of his research in the development of Ukrainian studies.
Eighty years of The Paul Street Boys in Croatian children’s literature
Authors: Majhut Berislav , Kralj Sanja Lovrić
Published: December 2016

Recently, we marked 80 years since the first appearance of Molnar’s novel in Croatia (the translation by L. Matijević was published by Minerva in 1933). The novel was first published in 1906. Like other classical works of children’s literature that entered Croatian children’s literature, The Paul Street Boys had to be adapted to the literary and socio-historical context. Turbulent relations between Croatia and Hungary in the early 20th century, on one hand, and the changes in the social context, in particular after 1945, on the other hand, had a considerable impact on Croatian editions of the novel. This study focuses on censorship and adaptation of the text to the circumstances in which it was published. Interventions introduced by the translators and editors that very often went deep into the content of the novel did not have an adverse effect on the popularity of the book with the children’s audience. However, they certainly testify about the times when ideological correctness of the published book was paramount to all other considerations, even esthetical and ethical ones.
The assistant and co-author of Fyodor Dostoevsky
Authors: Andrianova Irina
Published: December 2016

The paper presents the results of a comprehensive study on Anna Dostoevskaja’s role in the creative process of Fyodor Dostoevsky. She was not only the wife of the great writer but a professional shorthand writer and a copyist as well. At the time of writing his novel The Gambler, Dostoevsky and his assistant worked out a model of creativity in which priority was given to stenographic writing that could trace and fix the writer’s exciting ideas. During the subsequent work on his literary writings including e.g. The Great Pentateuch, this model of the creative process remained unaltered. Dostoevsky’s wife was his Muse, co-thinker, interlocutor, the first listener and the first critic of his creations, and the co-author of burlesque verses. Her impressions, stories, and their private conversations were used by Dostoevsky in his literary works. Several years of joint creative work with the brilliant writer developed in his assistant literary skills thanks to which she wrote masterful memoirs that obtained worldwide recognition. Dostoevsky appreciated his wife’s contribution to his literary activity thereby dedicating his greatest novel The Brothers Karamazov to her.
Н. В. Гоголь и проблемы «философии хозяйства» (И. А. Гончаров, Л. Н. Толстой, С. Н. Булгаков)
Authors: Шульц Сергей
Published: December 2016

Gogol’s art (first of all, his works Dead Souls and Selected Passages from the Correspondence with the Friends) is considered in the aspect of the problem of a “philosophy of an economy” formulated by S. Bulgakov. Gogol’s views also are correlated with its development in the art of I. Goncharov (Oblomov) and L. Tolstoy (first of all, his late works).
Болгарские конструкции с предикативным определением: в поисках прототипической модели
Authors: Иванова Е. Ю.
Published: December 2016

Constructions with depictive attributes representing a special kind of secondary predication have been the object of recent discussions within the formal and constructional frameworks. One of the key issues in understanding this phenomenon and the variants of its realization in various languages is the identification of its prototypical model. The present paper shows that in Bulgarian, the core construction with the subject-oriented depictive secondary predicate contains the verb of controlled action as the main predicate and a non-finite form of the verb of uncontrolled action. In this way, the search of the prototypical model is related to the feature “controllability/uncontrollability of action” discerned in the semantics of both main and secondary predication. Based on the suggested parameter, the other variety of the construction in question, the one with the object-oriented depictive secondary predicate, has a different organization not only in the syntactic but also in the semantic aspect. It is demonstrated that different semantic varieties of constructions with the depictive secondary predicate have different translations in Russian.
Шаткий трон и зыбкое стекло
Authors: Федосов Олег
Published: December 2016

This paper is devoted to the corpus-based study of Russian adjectives шаткий ‘wobbly, unstable, shaky’ and зыбкий ‘unsteady, shaky’ in the context of Russian poetry. The comprehensive research shows that the similarity of these lexemes has only surface features. The symmetry of the two adjectives is discussed: they are synonymous practically in all the meanings they have but this semantic area has a lot of differences. The following differences are revealed: the adjective шаткий is used in its direct meaning more frequently than зыбкий, while the adjective зыбкий is used more frequently in metaphoric contexts. It is necessary to study how the hidden component of the meaning takes place in the “naive mind”.
Представление о крепком сне в славянских языках (на материале устойчивых сравнений)
Authors: Николаева Е. К. , Селиверстова Е. И.
Published: December 2016

This paper deals with the comparative analysis of Slavic similes that characterize sound sleep as a part of the linguistic image of the Slavic world. Through the analysis of the figurative structure of similes, the authors demonstrate a great variety of models describing sound sleep in Slavic similes as well as the distinctive and similar ways of expressing the main meanings of similes in different languages. They also demonstrate the semantic differentiation of similes created by the model used in the comparison. Finally, the authors describe several national or cultural specific features of similes in various Slavic languages.
Персонажи Книги книг в сравнениях белорусов и украинцев (на фоне других языков)
Authors: Кузнецова И. В.
Published: December 2016

The paper studies the presentation of Belarusian and Ukrainian biblical similes in dictionaries as well as their use by native speakers. Some of the examples are supplied with etymological commentaries.
The role of urotensin II and atherosclerotic risk factors in patients with slow coronary flow
Authors: Şatıroğlu Ömer , Emre Durakoğlugil Murtaza , Çetin Mustafa , Çiçek Yüksel , Erdoğan Turan , Duman Hakan
Published: December 2016

Background

Slow coronary flow (SCF) is an angiographic finding characterized with delayed opacification of epicardial coronary arteries without obstructive coronary disease. Urotensin II (UII) is an important vascular peptide, which has an important role in hypertension, coronary artery disease, and vascular remodeling in addition to potent vasoconstrictor effect.

Objectives

We investigated UII levels, hypertension, and other atherosclerotic risk factors in patients with SCF, a variety of coronary artery disease.

Methods

We enrolled 14 patients with SCF and 29 subjects with normal coronary arteries without SCF. We compared the UII levels and the atherosclerotic risk factors between patients with SCF and control subjects with normal coronary flow.

Results

UII concentrations were significantly higher in patients with SCF compared to controls (711.0 ± 19.4 vs. 701.5 ± 27.2 ng/mL, p = 0.006). We detected a positive correlation between SCF and age (r = 0.476, p = 0.001), BMI (r = 0.404, p = .002), UII concentrations (r = 0.422, p = 0.006), and hypertension (r = 0.594, p = 0.001).

Conclusion

We identified increased UII levels in patients with SCF. We think that UII concentrations may be informative on SCF pathogenesis due to relationship with inflammation, atherosclerosis, and vascular remodeling.
Quality of life after tonsillectomy versus azithromycin
Authors: El Hennawi Diaa El Din Mohamed , Rifaat Ahmed Mohamed
Published: December 2016

Background

Recurrent tonsillitis is a common disease with marked evidence of affecting children quality of life (QOL) such as their progression in school and increased burden to extended families. The aim of this study was to compare the QOL outcomes after conventional dissection tonsillectomy versus azithromycin treatment in controlling recurrent tonsillitis.

Methods

A double-blind, randomized clinical trial was carried out in 184 children with recurrent tonsillitis randomly divided into two groups: Group A was subjected to conventional dissection tonsillectomy, whereas Group B received single 250 mg (children ≤25 kg) and 500 mg (children ≥25 kg) of oral azithromycin once weekly.

Results

There were no significant differences between the groups with regard to ear, nose, and throat infections during the 5-year follow-up. Better QOL was observed in both groups when compared with the pretreatment, but similar QOL in both groups QOL after treatment.

Conclusion

Azithromycin is an effective method as a prophylaxis against recurrent tonsillitis with a great benefit for better QOL outcomes.