bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Infants' sex affects neural responses to affective touch in early infancy
Authors: Mariani Wigley Isabella L. C. , Björnsdotter Malin , Scheinin Noora M. , Merisaari Harri , Saunavaara Jani , Parkkola Riitta , Bonichini Sabrina , Montirosso Rosario , Karlsson Linnea , Karlsson Hasse , Tuulari Jetro J.
Published: August 2023

Social touch is closely related to the establishment and maintenance of social bonds in humans, and the sensory brain circuit for gentle brushing is already active soon after birth. Brain development is known to be sexually dimorphic, but the potential effect of sex on brain activation to gentle touch remains unknown. Here, we examined brain activation to gentle skin stroking, a tactile stimulation that resembles affective or social touch, in term‐born neonates. Eighteen infants aged 11–36 days, recruited from the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, were included in the study. During natural sleep, soft brush strokes were applied to the skin of the right leg during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 3 cm/s velocity. We examined potential differences in brain activation between males (n = 10) and females (n = 8) and found that females had larger blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) responses (brushing vs. rest) in bilateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), right ventral striatum and bilateral inferior striatum, pons, and cerebellum compared to males. Moreover, the psychophysiological interactions (PPI) analysis, setting the left and right OFC as seed regions, revealed significant differences between males and females. Females exhibited stronger PPI connectivity between the left OFC and posterior cingulate or cuneus. Our work suggests that social touch neural responses are different in male and female neonates, which may have major ramifications for later brain, cognitive, and social development. Finally, many of the sexually dimorphic brain responses were subcortical, not captured by surface‐based neuroimaging, indicating that fMRI will be a relevant technique for future studies.
Nonstationary time series change direction forecast method using improved leading indicator
Authors: Yoshida Hirokazu
Published: August 2023

This paper presents a method for forecasting the change direction of nonstationary time series using the improved leading indicator. The leading indicator is a method developed by Ehlers that translates a time series mathematically in the future direction with respect to the time axis and calculates the leading value of the time series. However, this method has the problem that the leading value can be calculated only in the low frequency region with a normalized frequency of 0.06 or more (normalized period of 17 or more) at the maximum. In order to solve this problem, by the gentle slope the amplitude characteristics in the low frequency region of the leading indicator, it is possible to calculate the leading value in the frequency domain with a normalized frequency of 0.25 or more (normalized period of four or more) at the maximum. By applying the preceding value to the instantaneous periodic time series by the improved sine wave indicator developed by Ehlers, it is possible to forecast the change direction of the non‐stationary time series in the short term.
Method to fabricate round cross‐sectional channel using thermal expansion of air for passive flow regulators
Authors: Kabir Md. Emamul , Kim Sung‐Jin
Published: August 2023

We present a novel method for fabricating round cross‐sectional channels for autoregulatory pressure regulators. The application of previously reported methods in multilayered soft lithography using three‐dimensional printed molds is challenging. Herein, we used a thermal expansion technique to create round cross‐sectional channels in replica layers using air in the cavity space of a master mold. The width and height of the round channel in the replica could be adjusted in the range of 80–300 and 3–57 µm, respectively, by varying the precuring time of the replica in the gel state and adjusting the cavity size of the master mold. We successfully fabricated a pressure regulator with a round cross‐sectional channel, achieving a constant output pressure at a low threshold input pressure. Our device exhibited superior performance, with a constant output pressure at a threshold input pressure of less than 77%, compared to a device with a rectangular cross‐sectional channel. Our method has significant potential for application in the fabrication of integrated microfluidic systems with round cross‐sectional channels.
A fast and reliable method to quantify neral and geranial (citral) in essential oils using 1H NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Paoli Mathieu , Maroselli Thomas , Casanova Joseph , Bighelli Ange
Published: August 2023

Citral (3,7‐dimethyl‐2,6‐octadienal), a mixture of geranial and neral (two stereoisomeric monoterpene aldehydes), is considered an important raw material in the fields of fragrance, pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries. It is a well‐known biologically active compound present in various essential oils. A fast and reliable experimental method was developed and validated in order to quantify citral in essential oils using 1H NMR spectroscopy (experiment time at the minute level). The quantitative procedure, using anisole as internal standard, showed a perfect linearity of measurements (R2 = 0.9999), a very good accuracy (relative errors comprised between −1.9% and 0.3%) and an excellent precision (reproducibility 17.8 mg ± 1.0%). The procedure was also checked with three mixtures of weighted monoterpenes and the contents of citral, measured by GC and 1H NMR, were absolutely comparable. Then, the method was successfully applied to measure the contents of citral in 10 commercially available essential oils. Among the investigated samples, citral varied from 2.9% (Zingiber officinalis) to 90.6% (Bakhousia citriodora).
Thoracoabdominal rebalancing is not superior to manual hyperinflation to increase the amount of pulmonary secretion removed in preterm newborns: A randomized crossover trial
Authors: de Souza Bruno Henrique Silva , Sampaio Sabrinne Suelen Santos , Moura Julia Raffin , Holanda Hesli , Torres Vanessa Braga , Azevedo Ingrid Guerra , Bezerra Ingrid Fonsêca Damasceno , Alves Pereira Silvana
Published: August 2023

Background and Aims

Respiratory physical therapy is recommended to prevent complications of accumulated secretion in mechanical ventilated infants, but no consensus about the best technique is available.

Aims

To evaluate the effects of manual hyperinflation maneuver (MHM) and thoracoabdominal rebalancing method (TRM) in preterm newborns (PTNB) for bronchial hygiene.

Methods

Single‐blind randomized crossover trial with intention‐to‐treat analysis was carried out with 24 PTNB (<37 weeks of gestation) under invasive ventilatory support via orotracheal cannula received both interventions (MHM and TRM) with an interval of 4 h, followed by tracheal suctioning. The primary outcome was the amount of pulmonary secretion, while secondary outcomes were the response of the autonomous (heart rate, respiratory rate [RR], tidal volume [TV], and oxygen saturation [SpO2]), motor (classification of general movements), and regulatory (pain and respiratory discomfort) systems pre and postintervention.

Results

Although the amount of secretion was not different after the MHM and TRM interventions (0.10 and 0.09 g, respectively, p = 0.47), a difference was observed in the increase of SpO2 (p ≤ 0.001), and in the decrease of RR (p ≤ 0.001) for TRM. The poor repertoire pattern was predominant (23 PTNB), and it did not alter after interventions. Pain was not observed during interventions, the respiratory discomfort decreased after both interventions (p = 0.50).

Conclusion

The amount of secretion removed was similar after MHM and TRM and both maneuvers did not negatively alter the response of the autonomous, motor, and regulatory systems.
Clinical implication of children's depression rating scale‐revised score: Linking the children's depression rating scale‐revised score and clinical global impression using patients data from clinical trials
Authors: Yoshimatsu Hiroki , Imaeda Takayuki , Higa Shingo , Nomoto Keisuke
Published: August 2023

Background and Aims

The Children's Depression Rating Scale‐Revised (CDRS‐R) score has been widely used to assess the severity of major depression in children and adolescents; however, the clinical implications of changes in the CDRS‐R score remain unclear. We evaluated these clinical implications by assessing the relationship between changes in the CDRS‐R score and changes in the Clinical Global Impression of Improvement (CGI‐I), in clinical research on major depression.

Methods

We used data from four clinical trials involving two antidepressants and evaluated the relationship between CDRS‐R score changes and the CGI‐I score using the equipercentile linking method.

Results

CDRS‐R score changes corresponding to a minimally improved (score of 3) CGI‐I score was approximately 14 points.

Conclusion

Our findings from the linking analyses are useful for interpreting the clinical implications of changes in the CDRS‐R score.
Effects of external reflector and glass cover cooling on thermo‐enviro‐economic performance of a stepped solar still
Authors: Nand Asha , Manchanda Himanshu , Kumar Mahesh , Grewal Rahul , Kumar Rakesh
Published: August 2023

In the current research work, performance enhancement of stepped solar still (SSS) having an external reflector (ER) and glass cover cooling (GCC) arrangements is presented. The individual and combined effects of ER and GCC on the performance of SSS have been evaluated and compared with simple SSS. The GCC reduces the glazing temperature significantly and results in increased distillate. The ER reflected the solar radiation inside the basin that increases the water temperature, consequently increasing distillate. The SSS having ER and GCC (SSS‐ER‐GCC) gave a maximum distillate of 4.340 kg/m2 which was observed, respectively, 12.43%, 3.21%, and 1.36% higher than that of simple SSS, SSS with ER (SSS‐ER) and SSS with GCC (SSS‐GCC). The average energy efficiency of SSS‐ER‐GCC was evaluated as 40.78%, which was found to be 14.36%, 7.84%, and 10.64%, respectively, higher than that of simple SSS, SSS‐ER, and SSS‐GCC. The carbon credits earned and CO2 mitigation were found the maximum for SSS‐ER‐GCC having values $65.96 and 4.40 tons, respectively. The economic payback period was found the minimum (490 days) for SSS‐ER‐GCC.
MBSE Model Management Pain Points – Wait, this looks familiar!
Authors: Papke Barry , Hause Matthew , Hetherington David , McGervey Sean , Rodriguez Sami
Published: August 2023

It has been almost 20 years since INCOSE and the OMG kicked off an effort to create a standardized model‐based systems engineering modeling language. That effort culminated in 2006 with the creation of the Systems Modeling language (SysML). Over the past several years, numerous industries have increased their adoption of SysML and MBSE as a core practice within their engineering lifecycles. However, they have not achieved many of the originally envisioned benefits. On closer inspection, many of the challenges and barriers with which MBSE practitioners are currently struggling are remarkably similar to the problems seen in large DoD software programs from the 1970s and 80s and were resolved decades ago by the software development community regarding scale and complexity. System models are becoming larger and more complex. Yet, in this expanding and maturing MBSE environment, projects continue to experience problems with model integration, repository performance and model lifecycle management. It is time to go back and take another look at how the software community attacked problems of extreme scale.

The similarity between MBSE's model management pain points and those experienced years ago by the software industry is not unexpected. Adoption of MBSE requires the replacement of the largely manual, document‐based engineering processes with a complex engineering information processing system. Unlike documents, the models produced by that system are living artifacts that require management over the project lifecycle and which have all the characteristics and complexity of software.

This paper presents a framework for MBSE planning and model lifecycle management based on the key practices from Systems Engineering and Software Engineering to provide an actionable set of best practices that can be applied today to address current MBSE lifecycle management issues. We have organized these best practices around three key MBSE Model Management Imperatives.
Using HOQ Methodology to Prioritise Organisational Resilience Decisions in Training Establishments
Authors: Jnitova Victoria , Joiner Keith , Efatmaneshnik Mahmoud , Ferris Timothy L.J. , Chang Elizabeth
Published: August 2023

Resilience has become an attractive proposition in many organisations seeking to perform well under adversity and uncertainty in a dynamic and changing operational environment. We developed a survey tool to measure organisational resilience and implemented it in several large training establishments. The gap between the training organisations' actual and desired resilience was identified through analysis of the survey's quantitative responses. The survey's qualitative (free‐form) responses underwent inductive (thematic) and deductive (resilience attribute allocation) analysis to expand our understanding of training establishment problems and possible solutions from the survey participants' perspectives. Here we applied the House of Quality (HOQ) approach to prioritise the solutions to the organisational issues identified from the qualitative responses to align those with the organisational resilience attributes' priorities. The organisational resilience attributes were prioritised in another round of HOQ application to align them with the importance scores of the organisation‐specific resilience requirements. We used the results from our two HOQ rounds to create an optimal path (response) to move from actual to desired organisational resilience, demonstrated in a survey‐based resilience case study conducted in a large Defence training establishment.
Involving Non‐Technical Stakeholders in System Architecture Design; a Case‐Study on the Cleaning Industry
Authors: van Zijl R. (Roy) , Raub T. (Thomas) , van Rompay T.J.L. (Thomas) , Nizamis K. (Kostas) , Bonnema G. M. (Maarten)
Published: August 2023

There exists a grey area between market‐pull and technology‐push markets, in which stakeholders are aware of an issue they want solved, yet do not have clear expectations on a solution. This paper presents a method to meaningfully include these stakeholders in a design process, especially if they come from a non‐technical background. A combination of Systems Engineering for indirect involvement and a Human Centered Design approach for direct involvement of stakeholders is proposed and evaluated for a case study on technological advancements in the cleaning industry. It was found that both approaches complement each other throughout the problem exploration phase of the design process. Furthermore, a toolbox that can be used with design specialists and other stakeholders alike is presented and evaluated. Recommendations for the use of specific tools and techniques in similar situations are presented based on communication styles and experiences.
A Systematic and Traceable MOSA Evaluation Process for Systems Architectures: A Digital Engineering Tool
Authors: Anyanhun Awele , Fleming Clarissa , Matteson Whit
Published: August 2023

A process for evaluating the degree to which an architecture embraces Modular Open Systems Approaches (MOSA) is germane to ensuring that MOSA principles are actually used in the development of defense systems architectures. Furthermore, such a process provides artifacts that can be used by program offices to justify their key architectural decisions and prove they embrace MOSA as required. Therefore, an approach which facilitates the assessment of architecture requirements for MOSA compliance—rather than system designs or products—provides the added benefit of ensuring applicable MOSA quality attributes are incorporated into architectures during the requirements development phase. To this end, a systematic and traceable MOSA evaluation process which uses derived sets of evaluable criteria to evaluate architecture requirements is developed. The process utilizes a digital engineering approach to establish, within the authoritative source of truth (model), traceability relationships that can be queried, analyzed, and used to validate whether the architecture and resultant system will exhibit modularity and openness characteristics.
Sustainability: A Complex System Governance Perspective
Authors: Keating Charles B. , Katina Polinpapilinho F. , Bradley Joseph M. , Hodge Richard , Pyne James C.
Published: August 2023

This paper explores the sustainability field from a Complex System Governance (CSG) perspective. In general, sustainability suggests maintenance at a specific rate or level. It is also frequently held as maintaining ecological balance to negate the depletion of natural resources. CSG offers sustainability a theoretically grounded, model based, and methodologically sound approach to better inform sustainability design, execution, and development for complex systems. CSG examines sustainability as an outcome‐based product resulting from effective governance of an underlying system which produces sustainability. Thus, sustainability is proposed as a ‘systems engineered product’, whose design, execution, and development will be favored by CSG systems engineering. Following an introduction, two primary objectives are pursued. First, Systems Theory is used to provide an alternative view of sustainability. Second, a perspective of sustainability is developed through the paradigm of the emerging CSG field. The paper closes with the contributions, opportunities, and challenges for deployment of CSG for enhanced development, transition, and maintenance of sustainable systems.
Using the Unified Architecture Framework in Support of Mission Engineering Activities
Authors: Martin James N , Alvarez Kyle E
Published: August 2023

Mission Engineering is the deliberate planning, analyzing, organizing, and integrating of current and emerging operational and system capabilities to achieve desired warfighting mission effects. A Mission Engineering process was developed to capture the approach defined in the DOD's Mission Engineering Guide. The purpose of this is to help train new mission engineers and merge this with standard approaches for capturing mission architectures. The Unified Architecture Framework (UAF) provides a framework of standardized views from which to model different aspects of an architecture, including the various concepts and properties of the mission being engineered. This paper will discuss mapping between the UAF workflow and steps in the Mission Engineering Guide and how to use UAF when doing Mission Engineering activities. The Mission Engineering steps are tied to the workflow steps in the Enterprise Architecture Guide for UAF to help inform mission engineers of which UAF views can be used during the Mission Engineering effort, especially when defining Mission Threads and Mission Engineering Threads that will be part of the overall Mission Architecture.
Using the Unified Architecture Framework to Perform Hazard Analysis for Systems of Systems
Authors: Kihlström Lars‐Olof , Hause Matthew , Fröberg Joakim
Published: August 2023

Hazard analysis for individual systems is a task that is required as part of the production of most complex systems to identify hazards and to take appropriate measures to alleviate such hazards. It is a laborious and expensive task that requires key specialists and lengthy analysis. This is not just for systems on their own. Since collaboration between systems is becoming increasingly important, this complicates hazard analysis even further. It requires a systemic process looking at the individual systems as well as the system of systems and the environment in which they operate. The example looks at the concept of platooning i.e., where trucks transporting goods can operate as a platoon, traveling very closely together under the control of a platoon leader. Platooning has the benefit of reducing traffic and harmful emissions but introduces new hazards that must be examined and mitigated. The paper describes an approach to hazard analysis for a system of systems (SoS) that uses a model created using the Unified Architecture Framework (UAF) as an aid in identifying and analyzing hazards.
A Conceptual Framework for the SE of AI‐Intensive Systems (SE4AI) – Considering Data Through the Life‐Cycle
Authors: Bhalla Jawahar , Cook Stephen C. , Harvey David J.
Published: August 2023

This paper considers the challenge of the Systems Engineering of AI‐Intensive Systems (SE4AI) with a particular focus on their high reliance on data for model design verification, model training and model validation. The paper opens by describing the contextual background and reviewing contemporary AI/ML development approaches, identifying these to be largely software based “bottom‐up” driven by technological advancements, lacking a holistic top‐down “end‐to‐end” systems‐based perspective. Concepts and principles from systems thinking, modelling and simulation, and situation awareness are then briefly described in part two, as exaptive enabling building blocks, for integration into best‐practice evolutionary SE life‐cycle processes. A proposed tailored evolutionary SE life‐cycle process, with a focus on model design verification, model training and model validation data is then described in part three, through an example life‐cycle iteration, through each phase, in terms of the phase objective, the proposed refinement to the phase activities to cater for ML systems and the proposed phase outcomes. Related initiatives of direct relevance to this research are identified in part four, followed by a summary and conclusion.
An Approach for Linking Heterogenous and Domain‐Specific Models to Investigate Cabin System Variants
Authors: Fuchs Mara , Ghanjaoui Yassine , Biedermann Jörn , Nagel Björn
Published: August 2023

This paper presents an approach to link heterogeneous and domain‐specific models. The background of this research is the complete investigation and comparison of cabin system variants, where many different aspects have to be represented. These include functional requirements, safety regulations, and geometric properties (e.g. installation space). However, these cannot always be validated or represented with just one model, as different levels of detail are required. Therefore, different discipline models have to be created, which in turn increases the complexity as a whole. Furthermore, the system to be represented by the models, such as the aircraft cabin, is already complex in itself. The many dependencies among each other and subsystems make it difficult to integrate new variants or technologies (e.g. liquid hydrogen) into the existing system architecture. The approach presented here therefore shows how the data and models of the different disciplines can interact with each other in order to be able to investigate variants holistically. This is demonstrated using the design of hatrack variants for a commercial aircraft.
Moving towards a Server‐Zone Vehicle Architecture with MBSE at Continental
Authors: Seidel Enrico , Forlingieri Marco
Published: August 2023

The automotive industry is currently experiencing a major transition towards a revolutionary vehicle architecture concept known as Server‐Zone architecture. As a result, complexity increases exponentially and, in order to better deal with it, new development approaches like Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) are required. This paper focuses on how MBSE can support the migration towards a server‐zone vehicle architecture, using a real‐life example from Continental. Along with this example, the authors provide modeling insights into the application of Continental's MBSE framework.
The Quest for an Open Digital Thread: Challenges and Practices
Authors: Kulcsár Géza , Ráth István , Lunk Péter
Published: August 2023

As INCOSE also envisions in their recently published vision paper on the future of systems engineering (https://www.incose.org/about-systems-engineering/se-vision-2035), the future society will experience a level of interconnectedness, interrelatedness and networkedness which was not seen before. The technical reality of the realization of this vision largely depends on how we interpret and implement the notion of openness. In particular, the OpenMBEE initiative represents an industrially backed research and development endeavor towards open systems engineering ecosystems of the future. In the OpenMBEE concept and tool portfolio, the open‐source aspect of openness is emphasized. In this paper, we aim at providing a complex analysis of the organizational, conceptual and technical landscape of open digital engineering ecosystems along the notion of the digital thread, where different, often commercially driven engineering domains, tools and stakeholder perspectives fuse into a single, interconnected digital engineering experience. What could be the role of commercial players in, and attitude towards open digital thread ecosystems? Where do emerging initiatives and standards like SysMLv2 take the systems engineering community from this perspective? The paper provides an in‐depth analysis of openness in digital engineering, as seen from a technological, organizational and techno‐social perspective.
Protective role of pyrroloquinoline quinone against gentamicin induced cochlear hair cell ototoxicity
Authors: Wu Kunyi , Wang Botao , Cao Bo , Ma Weijun , Zhang Yan , Cheng Ying , Hu Juan , Gao Ying
Published: August 2023

Gentamicin (GM) is one of the commonly used antibiotics in the aminoglycoside class but is ototoxic, which constantly impacts the quality of human life. Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) as a redox cofactor produced by bacteria was found in soil and foods that exert an antioxidant and redox modulator. It is well documented that the PQQ can alleviate inflammatory responses and cytotoxicity. However, our understanding of PQQ in ototoxicity remains unclear. We reported that PQQ could protect against GM‐induced ototoxicity in House Ear Institute‐Organ of Corti 1 (HEI‐OC1) cells in vitro. To evaluate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial function, ROS and JC‐1 staining, oxygen consumption rate (OCR), and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) measurements in living cells, mitochondrial dynamics analysis was performed. GM‐mediated damage was performed by reducing the production of ROS and inhibiting mitochondria biogenesis and dynamics. PQQ ameliorated the cellular oxidative stress and recovered mitochondrial membrane potential, facilitating the recovery of mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics. Our in vitro findings improve our understanding of the GM‐induced ototoxicity with therapeutic implications for PQQ.
Development of molecular cluster models to probe pyrite surface reactivity
Authors: Kour Manjinder , Taborosi Attila , Boyd Eric S. , Szilagyi Robert K.
Published: August 2023

The recent discovery that anaerobic methanogens can reductively dissolve pyrite and utilize dissolution products as a source of iron and sulfur to meet their biosynthetic demands for these elements prompted the development of atomic‐scale nanoparticle models, as maquettes of reactive surface sites, for describing the fundamental redox steps that take place at the mineral surface during reduction. The given report describes our computational approach for modeling n(FeS2) nanoparticles originated from mineral bulk structure. These maquettes contain a comprehensive set of coordinatively unsaturated Fe(II) sites that are connected via a range of persulfide (S22−) ligation. In addition to the specific maquettes with n = 8, 18, and 32 FeS2 units, we established guidelines for obtaining low‐energy structures by considering the pattern of ionic, covalent, and magnetic interactions among the metal and ligand sites. The developed models serve as computational nano‐reactors that can be used to describe the reductive dissolution mechanism of pyrite to better understand the reactive sites on the mineral, where microbial extracellular electron‐transfer reactions can occur.
proper partial geometries with an automorphism group acting primitively on points and lines
Authors: Di Wendi
Published: August 2023

Let be a finite proper partial geometry pg not isomorphic to the van Lint–Schrijver partial geometry pg and let be a group of automorphisms of acting primitively on both points and lines of , we show that if then must be almost simple.
Effects of aging methods on the adsorption of antibiotics in wastewater by soybean straw biochar
Authors: Li Xinyue , Jiang Yanyan , Liu Tonglinxi , Yuan Muzi , Ma Xiulan
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND

The environmental pollution and ecological risks caused by the widespread use of antibiotics have attracted attention in recent years. Biochar materials have a rich pore diameter and can effectively adsorb pollutants from wastewater. However, biochar will experience high temperatures, freezing and thawing in nature, affecting its physicochemical properties and adsorption capacity. Three types of aged biochar were prepared by artificial simulated aging using soybean straw as raw material. The aged biochar's elemental composition and functional group species were investigated by characterization analysis, and their adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms were studied.

RESULTS

The specific surface area and pore size of the three aged biochars were lower than those of fresh biochars. The increased number of oxygen‐containing functional groups of the aged biochars formed a water cluster interaction with norfloxacin (NOR), which was unfavorable to the adsorption of NOR. The adsorption mechanism of biochar on NOR comprises pore filling, electrostatic interaction, ion exchange and complexation.

CONCLUSION

The adsorption of NOR on biochar before and after aging was spontaneous and was described by quasi‐second kinetics and the Langmuir equation. Different aging methods influenced the physicochemical properties and adsorption performance of biochar, and the adsorption capacity of biochar was significantly reduced after aging. Therefore, the influence of climatic factors needs to be considered when using biochar to remove target pollutants. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Lymph node metastases in young patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor: A nationwide analysis
Authors: Fleming Andrew M. , Herb Joshua , Stiles Zachary E. , Burkbauer Laura , Dickson Paxton V. , Glazer Evan S. , Shibata David , Murphy Andrew J. , Davidoff Andrew M. , Gleeson Elizabeth , Kim Hong J. , Meyers Michael O. , Stitzenberg Karyn , Ollila David W. , Deneve Jeremiah L.
Published: August 2023

Background

Children, adolescents, and young adults (CAYA) (age ≤39 years) with GIST have high rates of LNM, but their clinical relevance is undefined. This study analyzed the impact of LNM on overall survival (OS) for CAYA with GIST.

Methods

The National Cancer Database was queried for patients with resected GIST and pathologic nodal staging data from 2004—2019. Factors associated with LNM were identified. Survival was assessed stratified by presence of LNM.

Results

Of 4420 patients with GIST, 238 were CAYA (5.4%). When compared to older adults, CAYA more often had small intestine primaries (51.8% vs. 36.6%, p < 0.0001), T4 tumors (30.7% vs. 24.5%, p = 0.0275) and pN1 disease (11.3% vs. 4.7%, p < 0.0001). Within a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model adjusting for age, comorbid disease, mitotic rate, tumor size, and primary site, LNM were associated with increased hazard of death for older adults (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.83; confidence interval [CI]: 1.35–2.42; p < 0.0001), but not CAYA (HR: 3.38; CI: 0.50–14.08; p = 0.13). For CAYA, only high mitotic rate predicted mortality (HR: 4.68; CI: 1.41–18.37: p = 0.02).

Conclusions

LNM are more commonly identified among CAYA with resected GIST who undergo lymph node evaluations, but do not appear to impact OS as observed in older adults. High mitotic rate remains a predictor of poor outcomes for CAYA with GIST.
Examination of Serum Metabolome Altered by Dietary Carbohydrate, Milk Protein, and Soy Protein Interventions Identified Novel Metabolites Associated with Blood Pressure: The ProBP Trial
Authors: Changwei Li , Bundy Joshua D. , Tian Ling , Zhang Ruiyuan , Chen Jing , Kelly Tanika N. , He Jiang
Published: August 2023

Scope

This study aims to discover metabolites of dietary carbohydrate, soy and milk protein supplements and evaluate their roles in blood pressure (BP) regulation in the protein and blood pressure (ProBP), a cross‐over trial.

Methods and results

Plasma metabolites are profiled at pre‐trial baseline and after 8 weeks of supplementation with carbohydrate, soy protein, and milk protein, respectively, among 80 ProBP participants. After Bonferroni correction (α = 6.49 × 10−4), dietary interventions significantly changed 40 metabolites. Changes of erucate (22:1n9), an omega‐9 fatty acid, are positively associated with systolic BP changes (Beta = 1.90, p = 6·27 × 10−4). This metabolite is also associated with higher odds of hypertension among 1261 participants of an independent cohort (odds ratio per unit increase = 1.34; 95% confidence interval: 1.07–1.68). High levels of acylcholines dihomo‐linolenoyl‐choline (p = 4.71E‐04) and oleoylcholine (p = 3.48E‐04) at baseline predicted larger BP lowering effects of soy protein. Increasing cheese intake during the trial, as reflected by isobutyrylglycine and isovalerylglycine, reduces the BP lowering effect of soy protein.

Conclusions

The study identifies molecular signatures of dietary interventions. Erucate (22:1n9) increases systolic BP. Acylcholine enhances and cheese intake reduces the BP lowering effect of soy protein supplement.
Fachgruppenjubiläum: Perenne nil nisi solidum
Authors: Jansen Martin , Bensch Wolfgang
Published: August 2023

Die GDCh‐Fachgruppe Festkörperchemie und Materialforschung feiert Jubiläum. Vor 60 Jahren gründete sie sich unter dem Namen „Halbleiterchemie“.
Schnupperstudium für Schüler: Labor und Lehrbergwerk
Authors: Burkmann Konrad , Damaschke Dirk , Frisch Gero , Kriehme Jana
Published: August 2023

Wie gewinnt eine Universität Nachwuchs für das Chemiestudium? Das fragt sich angesichts sinkender Einschreibezahlen sicher manche Fakultät. Die TU Bergakademie Freiberg lockt mit einer Art Schnupperstudium für Oberstufenschülerinnen und ‐schüler, und das seit 30 Jahren.
54. DGMS‐Jahrestagung in Dortmund
Authors: Gross Jürgen H.
Published: August 2023

Vom 14. bis 17. Mai fand die 54. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Massenspektrometrie statt, zu der 450 Teilnehmende nach Dortmund kamen.
Chemikalien: Illegaler Handel
Authors: Bulmahn Maren
Published: August 2023

Zum Rotterdamer Übereinkommen.
You'll learn to love it? Examining the relationship between intervention dose and acceptability among third‐grade students
Authors: Eckert Tanya L. , Maguire Samantha C. , Nelson Kaytlin A. , Amidon Siani Y. M. , Goldstein Alec R. , Antoine Monique S. , Circe Joshua J. , Alderman Sophia V. , Young Tyler J.
Published: August 2023

The acceptability of school‐based interventions has been regularly examined among teachers and parents; however, students are less frequently assessed despite being the recipients of most interventions. Although recent studies have begun exploring how different student characteristics (e.g., gender) and types of acceptability assessments (e.g., dynamic) impact students' ratings, no studies have examined the role of intervention dosage despite early conceptual models highlighting the linkage between intervention acceptability, dosage, adherence, and effectiveness. This study explored 255 third‐grade students' intervention dosage and acceptability ratings within the context of a class‐wide writing intervention administered over 7 weeks. Results indicated that most students received a high number of intervention sessions throughout the study and rated the intervention as moderately acceptable. There was a statistically significant gender difference in students' postintervention acceptability ratings, with female students rating the class‐wide writing intervention higher than male students. In addition, intervention dosage was a statistically significant predictor of students' postintervention acceptability ratings, although gender did not moderate these findings.
Photo‐Responsive Ovalbumin‐Loaded MnO2 Nanoparticles for Enhanced T1‐Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Immunotherapy of Cancer
Authors: Hou Yike , Huang Shuqi , Tang Zhe , Yu Zhangsen , Iqbal Muhammad Zubair , Kong Xiangdong
Published: August 2023

Photo‐responsive combinational therapeutics attained significant attention in cancer theranostic owing to the versatile features of nanomaterials. The simplest nano‐design with unique properties to carry out multifunctionalties is a challenging assignment. Herein, a facile solvothermal method is employed to fabricate homogeneous MnO2 sea urchin‐shaped nanoparticles (MnO2‐OVA NPs) with a high loading capacity (86.15%) of ovalbumin (OVA) antigen. The prepared MnO2‐OVA NPs demonstrated excellent biocompatibility against different cell lines and significant cellular uptake, resulting in mature dendritic cells to enhance anti‐tumor immunity. The synthesized sea urchin‐shaped MnO2‐OVA NPs further exhibited self‐generated catalytic properties that efficiently relieve tumor hypoxia and improve cancer therapies. More excitingly, MnO2‐OVA NPs endorsed reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response of minute UV irradiation (mW) for photodynamic therapy. Further, the prepared photo‐responsive nanoparticles showed promising T1‐MR imaging and relaxivity properties for diagnosis and real‐time drug delivery monitoring. These synergetic therapeutic strategies produced by MnO2‐OVA NPs showed excellency as a potential theranostic agent.
A bibliometric analysis of situational interest research
Authors: Meşe Can
Published: August 2023

Interest is a variable that assists students in acquiring knowledge and instructors in creating an encouraging classroom environment. Situational interest, on the other hand, is a type of interest that will assist students' interest to develop by organising environmental conditions. The research on situational interest has been ongoing for more than two decades, and the bibliometric information of this research has grown. The current research aims to examine trends and advances to assist researchers in understanding the perspective of situational interest research. The bibliometric analysis was conducted with Biblioshiny and VOSviewer. The current study analysed WoS data about the meta‐information of 573 published articles on situational interest. The results obtained from the WoS database reveal a growing interest in applying situational interest. Bradford's law results show that 195 articles published in 15 journals were in Zone 1. The result of Lotka's law explained that theoretical and observed research data fit. Education‐related keywords such as achievement, motivation, text, recall, comprehension, and other education‐related variables such as self‐efficacy and design, gender, college students, biology, and context have been placed under the basic theme that is most relevant and developing. It can be said that other results of the current study guide authors about situational interest research.

Context and implications

Rationale for this study

The studies on situational interest have increased over the last two decades, but there are few reviews of situational interest publications. This study has examined trends and advances in the studies to assist researchers in understanding the perspective of situational interest research with bibliometric analysis.

Why the new findings matter

The findings have highlighted trends and advances in the scientific output of situational interest with bibliometric analysis.

Implications for practitioners

In addition to revealing the trends and advances in situational interest research, the findings can help to focus more on some emerging research themes that can guide future situational interest researchers. According to findings, the recent research of situational interest focuses on cognitive load, motivation, achievement, and emerging technology such as augmented reality technology. The Four‐Phase Model of Interest Development is the most popular document among situational interest research to understand situational interest. The results show that researchers had an international collaboration from different countries and different institutions.
Bayesian record linkage with variables in one file
Authors: Kamat Gauri , Shan Mingyang , Gutman Roee
Published: August 2023

In many healthcare and social science applications, information about units is dispersed across multiple data files. Linking records across files is necessary to estimate the associations of interest. Common record linkage algorithms only rely on similarities between linking variables that appear in all the files. Moreover, analysis of linked files often ignores errors that may arise from incorrect or missed links. Bayesian record linking methods allow for natural propagation of linkage error, by jointly sampling the linkage structure and the model parameters. We extend an existing Bayesian record linkage method to integrate associations between variables exclusive to each file being linked. We show analytically, and using simulations, that the proposed method can improve the linking process, and can result in accurate inferences. We apply the method to link Meals on Wheels recipients to Medicare enrollment records.
Visualizing Ribbon‐to‐Ribbon Heterogeneity of Chemically Unzipped Wide Graphene Nanoribbons by Silver Nanowire‐Based Tip‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Microscopy
Authors: Inose Tomoko , Toyouchi Shuichi , Hara Shinnosuke , Sugioka Shoji , Walke Peter , Oyabu Rikuto , Fortuni Beatrice , Peeters Wannes , Usami Yuki , Hirai Kenji , De Feyter Steven , Uji‐i Hiroshi , Fujita Yasuhiko , Tanaka Hirofumi
Published: August 2023

Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), a quasi‐one‐dimensional form of graphene, have gained tremendous attention due to their potential for next‐generation nanoelectronic devices. The chemical unzipping of carbon nanotubes is one of the attractive fabrication methods to obtain single‐layered GNRs (sGNRs) with simple and large‐scale production.  The authors recently found that unzipping from double‐walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs), rather than single‐ or multi‐walled, results in high‐yield production of crystalline sGNRs. However, details of the resultant GNR structure, as well as the reaction mechanism, are not fully understood due to the necessity of nanoscale spectroscopy. In this regard, silver nanowire‐based tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) is applied for single GNR analysis and investigated ribbon‐to‐ribbon heterogeneity in terms of defect density and edge structure generated through the unzipping process.  The authors found that sGNRs originated from the inner walls of DWNTs showed lower defect densities than those from the outer walls. Furthermore, TERS spectra of sGNRs exhibit a large variety in graphitic Raman parameters, indicating a large variation in edge structures. This work at the single GNR level reveals, for the first time, ribbon‐to‐ribbon heterogeneity that can never be observed by diffraction‐limited techniques and provides deeper insights into unzipped GNR structure as well as the DWNT unzipping reaction mechanism.
Current Progress of Mo‐Based Metal Organic Frameworks Derived Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Chen Siru , Xu Junlong , Chen Junyan , Yao Yingying , Wang Fang
Published: August 2023

As an important half‐reaction for electrochemical water splitting, electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction suffers from sluggish kinetics, and it is still urgent to search high efficiency non‐platinum‐based electrocatalysts. Mo‐based catalysts such as Mo2C, MoO2, MoP, MoS2, and MoNx have emerged as promising alternatives to Pt/C owing to their similar electronic structure with Pt and abundant reserve of Mo. On the other hand, due to the adjustable topology, porosity, and nanostructure of metal organic frameworks (MOFs), MOFs are extensively used as precursors to prepare nano‐electrocatalysts. In this review, for the first time, the progress of Mo‐MOFs‐derived electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction is summarized. The preparation method, structures, and catalytic performance of the catalysts are illustrated based on the types of the derived electrocatalysts including Mo2C, MoO2, MoP, MoS2, and MoNx. Especially, the commonly used strategies to improve catalytic performance such as heteroatoms doping, constructing heterogeneous structure, and composited with noble metal are discussed. Moreover, the opportunities and challenges in this area are proposed to guide the designment and development of Mo‐based MOF derived electrocatalysts.
Electrochemically Triggered Self‐Adaptive Reconstruction of an all‐Purpose Electrode for Photothermally Enhanced Capacitors
Authors: Lu Yongxin , Song Yan‐Yan , Gao Zhida
Published: August 2023

Large‐capacity energy storage devices are attracting widespread research attention. However, the decreased capacity of these devices due to cold weather is a huge obstacle for their practical use. In this study, an electrochemical self‐adaptive reconstructed CuxS/Cu(OH)2‐based symmetric energy storage device is proposed. This device provides a satisfactorily enhanced photothermal capacity under solar irradiation. After electrochemical reconstruction treatment, the morphological structure is rearranged and the CuxS component is partially converted to electrochemically active Cu(OH)2 with the introduction of a large number of active sites. The resulting CuxS/Cu(OH)2 electrode provides a significant capacitance of 115.2 F cm−2 at 5 mA cm−2. More importantly, its wide working potential range and superior photo‐to‐thermal conversion ability endow CuxS/Cu(OH)2 with superb performance as full‐purpose photothermally enhanced capacitance electrodes. Under solar irradiation, the surface temperature of CuxS/Cu(OH)2 is elevated by 76.6 °C in only 30 s, and the capacitance is boosted to 230.4% of the original capacitance at a low temperature. Furthermore, the assembled symmetric energy storage device also delivers a photothermal capacitance enhancement of 200.3% under 15 min solar irradiation.
Next‐Generation Nanopore Sensors Based on Conductive Pulse Sensing for Enhanced Detection of Nanoparticles
Authors: Confederat Samuel , Lee Seungheon , Vang Der , Soulias Dimitrios , Marcuccio Fabio , Peace Timotheus I. , Edwards Martin Andrew , Strobbia Pietro , Samanta Devleena , Wälti Christoph , Actis Paolo
Published: August 2023

Nanopore sensing has been successfully used to characterize biological molecules with single‐molecule resolution based on the resistive pulse sensing approach. However, its use in nanoparticle characterization has been constrained by the need to tailor the nanopore aperture size to the size of the analyte, precluding the analysis of heterogeneous samples. Additionally, nanopore sensors often require the use of high salt concentrations to improve the signal‐to‐noise ratio, which further limits their ability to study a wide range of nanoparticles that are unstable at high ionic strength. Here, a new paradigm in nanopore research that takes advantage of a polymer electrolyte system to comprise a conductive pulse sensing approach is presented. A finite element model is developed to explain the conductive pulse signals observed and compare these results with experiments. This system enables the analytical characterization of heterogeneous nanoparticle mixtures at low ionic strength
. Furthermore, the wide applicability of the method is demonstrated by characterizing metallic nanospheres of varied sizes, plasmonic nanostars with various degrees of branching, and protein‐based spherical nucleic acids with different oligonucleotide loadings. This system will complement the toolbox of nanomaterials characterization techniques to enable real‐time optimization workflow for engineering a wide range of nanomaterials.