bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Skyline query under multidimensional incomplete data based on classification tree
Authors: Yuan Dengke , Zhang Liping , Li Song , Sun Guanglu
Published: May 2024

A method for skyline query of multidimensional incomplete data based on a classification tree has been proposed to address the problem of a large amount of useless data in existing skyline queries with multidimensional incomplete data, which leads to low query efficiency and algorithm performance. This method consists of two main parts. The first part is the proposed incomplete data weighted classification tree algorithm. In the first part, an incomplete data weighted classification tree is proposed, and the incomplete data set is classified using this tree. The data classified in the first part serves as the basis for the second step of the query. The second part proposes a skyline query algorithm for multidimensional incomplete data. The concept of optimal virtual points has been recently introduced, effectively reducing the number of comparisons of a large amount of data, thereby improving the query efficiency for incomplete data. Theoretical research and experimental analysis have shown that the proposed method can perform skyline queries for multidimensional incomplete data well, with high query efficiency and accuracy of the algorithm.
The impact of changing engineering perceptions on women’s attitudes and behavioral intentions towards engineering pursuits
Authors: Batz-Barbarich Cassondra , Strah Nicole , Tay Louis
Published: May 2024

Background

Women are underrepresented in the field of engineering within academic and professional settings. Based upon premises outlined by social role theory and goal congruity theory, a key factor that contributes to this underrepresentation is a gendered societal belief that there is a disconnect between engineering (seen as more agentic, or self-oriented) and women’s values and abilities (which are believed to be more communal, or other-oriented). While there is evidence that this perceived disconnect influences women’s pursuit of engineering, the extent to which an intervention could realistically counter these perceptions at key points along the engineering pathway has not been explored. Across two studies, we examine the impact of a communal-based intervention (in which we frame engineering majors and careers in more, though not exclusively, communally oriented ways) on women’s engineering-related attitudes and behavioral intentions at two points along the academic-employment pathway: women’s major selection and women’s job selection.

Results

Study 1 found that women with undeclared majors had more positive attitudes (confidence and interest) towards engineering majors when engineering major descriptions were framed as more communal versus more agentic. However, there was no impact on their behavioral intentions to pursue the major. Study 2 found that women with engineering majors were more confident in their ability to be successful in a job role and were more likely to apply when the job role was framed as more communal as compared to more agentic. However, they did not indicate greater interest in the job role.

Conclusions

Testing this intervention on relevant populations advances the literature by providing greater evidence for the potential of such an intervention to meaningfully address women’s underrepresentation at multiple points along the engineering pathway. Furthermore, this study provides evidence that a messaging-based intervention is impactful with a realistic representation of engineering as both an agentic and communally oriented field, which ensures that the retention of those attracted to the field is not negatively impacted by idealistic messaging. While addressing women’s pursuit of engineering is important, work must continue to seek ways to always improve women’s experience in engineering contexts as well.
Thick slab crust with rough basement weakens interplate coupling in the western Nankai Trough
Authors: Arai Ryuta , Shiraishi Kazuya , Nakamura Yasuyuki , Fujie Gou , Miura Seiichi , Kodaira Shuichi , Bassett Dan , Takahashi Tsutomu , Kaiho Yuka , Hamada Yohei , Mochizuki Kimihiro , Nakata Rie , Kinoshita Masataka , Hashimoto Yoshitaka , Okino Kyoko
Published: May 2024

The westernmost Nankai Trough, southwest Japan, exhibits a rapid along-strike reduction in plate coupling in the proximity to the subducting Kyushu-Palau ridge. Yet how and to what extent the ridge subduction impacts physical properties at the megathrust have not been investigated. Here we present high-resolution seismic P-wave velocity models along the forearc wedge in the western Nankai Trough derived from full-waveform inversion analyses of seismic refraction data. The velocity models show that where the plate coupling is weak and the plate boundary presumably hosts slow earthquakes, the upper plate exhibits lower seismic velocities indicating higher degree of fracturing over a ~ 100 km length along trough. Intriguingly, the extent of the upper-plate low-velocity features is significantly larger than the surficial width of the Kyushu-Palau ridge, and this low-velocity zone is underthrust by the slab with increased crustal thickness by 2–4 km. Seismic reflection images consistently reveal that the thicker slab crust has appreciable basement roughness extending ~ 60 km from the eastern margin of the Kyushu-Palau ridge beneath the western Shikoku basin. We suggest that such a thicker and rugged slab crust, together with the main body of the Kyushu-Palau ridge, can cause significant fracture zones in the overriding plate, decrease the interplate coupling and produce preferable conditions for shallow slow earthquakes to occur when subducted. The results may also provide structural constraints on the western limit of future megathrust earthquakes in the Nankai Trough.

Graphical Abstract
Stage IV gastric adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation with 5-year relapse-free survival after D2 gastrectomy and chemotherapy: A case report
Authors: Nakayama Hiroshi , Ida Tomonori , Hasegawa Yui , Sakamoto Atsuhiko , Umezawa Yoko , Inaba Yuki , Nakada Hiroshi
Published: May 2024

Background

Gastric adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation (GACED), a rare subtype of gastric cancer, is associated with a more aggressive behavior than conventional gastric adenocarcinomas. We report a rare case of stage IV GACED treated with D2 gastrectomy and postoperative chemotherapy.

Case presentation

A 39-year-old woman with acute upper abdominal pain immediately underwent surgery for gastric perforation. Afterward she was diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the pylorus. D2 gastrectomy was performed and the final pathological diagnosis was stage IV GACED with positive peritoneal cytology. Postoperative chemotherapy was initiated with S1 plus oxaliplatin for 1 year, which was ceased thereafter to enhance her quality of life. The patient survived more than 5 years without relapse after gastrectomy.

Conclusions

Stage IV GACED, determined by positive spalt-like transcription factor 4, can be successfully treated with surgery and chemotherapy.
Physical and Psychosocial Benefits of Sports Participation Among Children and Adolescents with Chronic Diseases: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sañudo Borja , Sánchez-Oliver Antonio Jesús , Fernández-Gavira Jesús , Gaser Dominik , Stöcker Nicola , Peralta Miguel , Marques Adilson , Papakonstantinou Sofia , Nicolini Chiara , Sitzberger Christina
Published: May 2024

Background

This study aims to identify sports interventions for children and adolescents (CaA) with chronic diseases and evaluate their impact on physical, psychological, and social well-being. The findings of this study will contribute to our understanding of the potential benefits of sports interventions for CaA with chronic diseases and inform future interventions to promote their overall health and well-being.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted in eight databases. This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines and utilized a comprehensive search strategy to identify studies on sport-based interventions for CaA with chronic diseases. The review included randomized controlled trials and observational studies that focused on physical and psychosocial outcomes.

Results

We screened 10,123 titles and abstracts, reviewed the full text of 622 records, and included 52 primary studies. A total of 2352 participants were assessed with an average of 45 ± 37 participants per study. Among the included studies involving CaA with chronic diseases with an age range from 3 to 18 years, 30% (n = 15) autism spectrum disorders, 21% (n = 11) cerebral palsy, 19% (n = 10) were attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and 17% (n = 9) obesity. Other diseases included were cancer (n = 5), asthma (n = 1) and cystic fibrosis (n = 1). Interventions involved various sports and physical activities tailored to each chronic disease. The duration and frequency of interventions varied across studies. Most studies assessed physical outcomes, including motor performance and physical fitness measures. Psychosocial outcomes were also evaluated, focusing on behavioural problems, social competencies, and health-related quality of life.

Conclusion

Overall, sport-based interventions effectively improved physical and psychosocial outcomes in CaA with chronic diseases. Interventions are generally safe, and participants adhere to the prescribed protocols favorably. Despite that, there is little evidence that interventions are being implemented. Future studies should include interventions tailored to meet the common issues experienced by CaA with chronic conditions, providing a comprehensive understanding of the impact of sports interventions on those affected.

Registration

The methodology for this review was pre-determined and registered in the PROSPERO database (registration number: CRD42023397172).
Assessing donor-recipient arterial pressure dynamics in STA-MCA bypass for moyamoya disease
Authors: Helmy Mohamed , Liao Yujun , Zhao Zehao , Li Zhiqi , He Kangmin , Xu Bin
Published: May 2024

Background

In bypass surgery for moyamoya disease (MMD), the superficial temporal artery’s (STA) pressure needs to surpass that of the cortical M4 recipient of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), boosting cerebral blood flow into the MCA and enhancing cerebral circulation. This study investigates the STA-MCA arterial pressure parameters and gradients during bypass surgery, aiming to deepen our understanding of hemodynamic shifts pre- and post-operation.

Methods

DSA imaging data were prospectively collected from patients diagnosed with bilateral MMD who underwent STA-MCA bypass surgery between 2022 and 2023 and stratified according to the Suzuki stage. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) of the donor and recipient arteries was directly measured during the STA-MCA bypass procedure, and these data were statistically analyzed and evaluated.

Results

Among 48 MMD patients, Suzuki grading revealed that 43.8% were in early stages (II and III), while 56.2% were in advanced stages (IV, V, and VI). Predominantly, 77.1% presented with ischemic-type MMD and 22.9% with hemorrhagic type. Pre-bypass assessments showed that 62.5% exhibited antegrade blood flow direction, and 37.5% had retrograde. The mean recipient artery pressure was 35.0 ± 2.3 mmHg, with a mean donor-recipient pressure gradient (δP) of 46.4 ± 2.5 mmHg between donor and recipient arteries. Post-bypass, mean recipient artery pressure increased to 73.3 ± 1.6 mmHg. No significant correlation (r = 0.18, P = 0.21) was noted between δP and Suzuki staging.

Conclusion

Our study elucidated that cerebral blood pressure significantly decreases beyond the moyamoya network at the distal M4 segment. Furthermore, we observed bidirectional flow in MCA territories and a significant positive pressure gradient between the STA and M4 segments. The lack of correlation between Suzuki stages and M4 pressures indicates that angiographic severity may not reflect hemodynamic conditions before surgery, highlighting the need for customized surgical approaches.
Adaptive dual-domain filtering for random seismic noise removal
Authors: Li Shuaishuai , Zhang Xiaotong , Zhang Jiangjie , Liu Linong
Published: May 2024

Random noise significantly reduces the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data and affects the accuracy of seismic interpretation. Traditional denoising methods typically require manual parameter tuning to increase robustness and accuracy across various random noise levels. In this study, based on the statistical definition of random noise, we use the variance of random noise as the level of random noise and develop an adaptive dual-domain filter (ADDF). The ADDF method estimates the random noise variance in the seismic data and uses this estimation to effectively denoise the seismic data. First, we use a difference operator in two directions to remove the useful structures from the seismic data. The processed data are then used to estimate the global random noise variance through iterative statistical processing. In the denoising process of the ADDF, the seismic data are masked by a bilateral filter in the spatial domain, followed by a short-time Fourier transform with wavelet shrinkage in the frequency domain, both controlled by the adaptively estimated random noise variance. The dual-domain filter is applied iteratively for the best performance. Synthetic experiments demonstrate the robustness of the ADDF in accurately estimating the noise variance without tuning parameters, and its superior denoising performance is evident in synthetic examples and field data when compared with two typical denoising methods: f- x deconvolution and curvelet domain thresholding. As an adaptive random noise estimation and removal method, ADDF relies only on seismic data, making denoising random noise more objective and accurate without manual adjustment.
Are psychosocial interventions effective in reducing antipsychotic use for dementia in care home residents? Current evidence and future perspectives
Authors: Chen Jiaying
Published: May 2024

Antipsychotics are commonly prescribed to manage the behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) despite their modest efficacy and significant adverse effects. Psychosocial interventions are recommended as the first-line approach in treating BPSD before considering pharmacological options. A Cochrane Review by Lühnen et al (2023) evaluated the effects of psychosocial interventions on reducing antipsychotic prescription in care homes, and found that no generalisable recommendations can be made based on the currently available evidence. This commentary attempts to critically appraise and add context to the review.
Value of Real-World Evidence for Treatment Selection: A Case Study in Colon Cancer
Authors: Shen Lingjie , van Gestel Anja , Prinsen Peter , Vink Geraldine , van Erning Felice N. , Geleijnse Gijs , Kaptein Maurits
Published: May 2024

PURPOSE

Real-world evidence (RWE)—derived from analysis of real-world data (RWD)—has the potential to guide personalized treatment decisions. However, because of potential confounding, generating valid RWE is challenging. This study demonstrates how to responsibly generate RWE for treatment decisions. We validate our approach by demonstrating that we can uncover an existing adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) guideline for stage II and III colon cancer (CC)—which came about using both data from randomized controlled trials and expert consensus—solely using RWD.

METHODS

Data from the population-based Netherlands Cancer Registry from a total of 27,056 patients with stage II and III CC who underwent curative surgery were analyzed to estimate the overall survival (OS) benefit of ACT. Focusing on 5-year OS, the benefit of ACT was estimated for each patient using G-computation methods by adjusting for patient and tumor characteristics and estimated propensity score. Subsequently, on the basis of these estimates, an ACT decision tree was constructed.

RESULTS

The constructed decision tree corresponds to the current Dutch guideline: patients with stage III or stage II with T stage 4 should receive surgery and ACT, whereas patients with stage II with T stage 3 should only receive surgery. Interestingly, we do not find sufficient RWE to conclude against ACT for stage II with T stage 4 and microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H), a recent addition to the current guideline.

CONCLUSION

RWE, if used carefully, can provide a valuable addition to our construction of evidence on clinical decision making and therefore ultimately affect treatment guidelines. Next to validating the ACT decisions advised in the current Dutch guideline, this paper suggests additional attention should be paid to MSI-H in future iterations of the guideline.
Quantum entanglement between neutrino eigenstates in the presence of the subsequent phase shift of the neutrino oscillations
Authors: Abdolalizadeh Hoda , Aydiner Ekrem
Published: May 2024

In this letter, using von Neumann entropy we examine the entanglement entropy for the neutrino oscillations in the presence of the subsequent phase shift. We numerically show that the entanglement entropy for the subsequent periods of the two-flavor neutrino oscillations increases asymmetrically with time depending on the space-time deformation. We also explored the obtained results for the three-flavor neutrino oscillations to show that this result is also valid for the three-flavor neutrino oscillations. These results, obtained for the first time in this letter, are quite different from the computing for the standard neutrino oscillation theory. We concluded that these interesting results play an important role in the cosmology.
Exposure assessment and risks associated with wearing silver nanoparticle-coated textiles
Authors: Koivisto Antti Joonas , Burrueco-Subirà David , Candalija Ana , Vázquez-Campos Socorro , Nicosia Alessia , Ravegnani Fabrizio , Furxhi Irini , Brigliadori Andrea , Zanoni Ilaria , Blosi Magda , Costa Anna , Belosi Franco , Lopez de Ipiña Jesús
Published: May 2024

Background Silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) are used increasingly in consumer and healthcare fabrics due to their antimicrobial properties. Abrasive leaching experiments have shown that AgNPs can be released during textile wear and cause a dermal exposure. Derived-no-effect-limit value for AgNPs ranges from 0.01 to 0.0375 mg/kg-body-weight, and thus, low exposures levels can cause relevant risk. Methods In this study AgNP release from textiles by artificial sweat immersion and mechanical stress was investigated. A mass balance model was used to calculate dermal Ag exposure and potential intake via percutaneous absorption and inadvertent (peri-)oral intake during wear of face mask, suit with a full body exposure and gloves. Mass flow analysis was performed for up to 8-h wear time and by using Ag penetration rate constants reported for fresh-, cryopreserved- and glycerolized skin grafts. Results Dermal intake risk characterization ratio (RCR) during 8-h wear time for glycerolized skin was up to 0.02 for face mask and 0.9 for full body wear in a worst-case condition. Wearing gloves for 1-h followed by single unintentional fingertip mouthing (contact area 11.5 cm2) resulted in an RCR of 0.0002. RCR varied depending on the type of textile-product, exposure wear duration and skin type. Conclusions This study provides a comprehensive assessment of AgNPs release from textiles and their potential impact on human dermal exposure and was essential for understanding the safety implications for different exposure scenarios and mitigating potential risks.
AnoPrimer: Primer Design in malaria vectors informed by range-wide genomic variation
Authors: Nagi Sanjay C. , Ashraf Faisal , Miles Alistair , Donnelly Martin J.
Published: May 2024

The major malaria mosquitoes, Anopheles gambiae s.l and Anopheles funestus, are some of the most studied organisms in medical research and also some of the most genetically diverse. When designing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or hybridisation-based molecular assays, reliable primer and probe design is crucial. However, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in primer binding sites can prevent primer binding, leading to null alleles, or bind suboptimally, leading to preferential amplification of specific alleles. Given the extreme genetic diversity of Anopheles mosquitoes, researchers need to consider this genetic variation when designing primers and probes to avoid amplification problems. In this note, we present a Python package, AnoPrimer, which exploits the Ag1000G and Af1000 datasets and allows users to rapidly design primers in An. gambiae or An. funestus, whilst summarising genetic variation in the primer binding sites and visualising the position of primer pairs. AnoPrimer allows the design of both genomic DNA and cDNA primers and hybridisation probes. By coupling this Python package with Google Colaboratory, AnoPrimer is an open and accessible platform for primer and probe design, hosted in the cloud for free. AnoPrimer is available here https://github.com/sanjaynagi/AnoPrimer and we hope it will be a useful resource for the community to design probe and primer sets that can be reliably deployed across the An. gambiae and funestus species ranges.
Using single-dose liposomal amphotericin B for cryptococcal meningitis induction therapy: nurse pearls and practical perspectives
Authors: Ndyetukira Jane Frances , Kwizera Richard , Ahimbisibwe Cynthia , Namujju Carol , Meya David B.
Published: May 2024

Background In Uganda where the burden of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis is high, conventional amphotericin B deoxycholate has been standard to manage patients with cryptococcal meningitis in research settings. However, liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) is now available via the efforts of UNITAID. We sought to describe our nursing experience using AmBisome within a clinical trial for cryptococcal meningitis. Methods We describe the experience of using single-dose 10mg/kg liposomal amphotericin B from the perspective of a research nurse in Uganda. Second, we described the process of preparing and administering amphotericin. Third, we assessed the nursing time required for the administration of daily amphotericin B versus single-dose liposomal amphotericin. Fourth, we discuss the major challenges faced while using liposomal amphotericin B. Results We provide estimates for the nursing time required for reconstituting, filtering, diluting and administering liposomal amphotericin B and a visual aid for nursing tasks. Based on five trained nurses, the process of reconstitution and filtration lasts an average of 52 minutes (Range: 40 to 60 minutes), to reconstitute a mean of 11 (range: 8 to 15) 50mg vials (median weight 55kg). Overall, less nursing time was required for single-dose administration than for daily amphotericin B dosing. From a nursing perspective, liposomal amphotericin B was preferable to amphotericin B deoxycholate due to its reduced infusion reactions and other toxicities. Conclusions Single-dose liposomal amphotericin B is a better alternative to daily amphotericin B. In addition to less toxicity, nosocomial infections, reduced hospital stay, and the potential for lower hospitalisation costs, the nursing implications should not be discounted. Quality nursing care is a finite resource in low- and middle-income countries, and single-dose amphotericin B reduced the nursing time required for the care of patients with cryptococcal meningitis.
The genome sequence of the Green Oak Leaf Roller, Tortrix viridana (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Boyes Douglas , Crowley Liam M. , Morley Lucy M. ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: May 2024

We present a genome assembly from a female Tortrix viridana (the Green Oak Leaf Roller; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Tortricidae). The genome sequence is 456.6 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 31 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z and W sex chromosomes. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 16.43 kilobases in length.
The genome sequence of the Rusty-dot Pearl moth, Udea ferrugalis (Hübner, 1796)
Authors: Lees David C. ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: May 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Udea ferrugalis (the Rusty-dot Pearl moth; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Crambidae). The genome sequence is 495.6 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 31 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.39 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 18,035 protein coding genes.
The genome sequence of the Sallow moth, Xanthia icteritia (Hufnagel, 1766)
Authors: Januszczak Inez , Lees David C. ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: May 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Xanthia icteritia (the Sallow moth; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae). The genome sequence is 664.6 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 31 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.58 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 18,792 protein coding genes.
A MOBILE APPLICATION FOR THE AUTOMATED DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS AND THE SELECTION OF RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THEIR TREATMENT
Authors: Torkunova Julia V. , Ivanov Dmitrij Je.
Published: May 2024

The aim of the study was a mobile development based on computer vision technologies and site parsing, which allows automating the process of diagnosing diseases of agricultural crops and issuing recommendations for treatment. The article discusses methods for recognizing plant diseases using computer vision, describes the principles of convolutional neural networks, selects the most appropriate machine learning model based on the accuracy, speed and efficiency of the model in conditions of limited resources of a mobile device, describes the tools: libraries and frameworks used for development. The detailed architecture of the application is presented, as well as the results of the developed software are demonstrated. A new contribution to the development of this topic is the experimental substantiation of the choice of a neural network model based on the analysis of its effectiveness on a prepared dataset, as well as the introduction of an automatic search for recommendations for a certain disease of agriculture. In the future, it is planned to introduce a voice assistant into this mobile application.
Legal Literacy of University Students As an Important Component of the Personnel Training System
Authors: Samarin P. , Zenkina S.
Published: May 2024

This article considers the factors influencing the socialization of children with disabilities. Objective: to identify the most influential factors on the basis of an expert survey. Methods: the method of expert survey was used with the subsequent calculation of the weight of each of the factors and identification of the least significant ones. Results: the authors conducted a research work involving experts working in the field of pedagogy, who participated in the survey and ranked the factors depending on the subjective opinion of each expert. The results of the expert survey showed the significance of these factors in the issues of socialization of students. Conclusions: the factors selected as a result of the study have a significant impact on the socialization of children with disabilities. The prospect of the study is further formation of methods of interaction and work with children to level these factors in order to more active their socialization
Monitoring of Educational Opportunities of Digital Environment for Doing Homework at School
Authors: Burmistrova N. , Kornilceva E. , Diyanov K. , Potapova K. , Ryvina U.
Published: May 2024

The article examines the role of the digital educational environment in school homework practice. The goal is to improve the quality of teaching and learning. The authors study the history of the origin and transformation of homework, as well as the most important functions of homework in the development of personality and self-organization of schoolchildren. Based on the material of a sociological study conducted in the format of an online survey in schools of Omsk, the attitude of parents and schoolchildren to the use of digital educational resources and platforms for completing homework is revealed. This problem is studied in the context of the prospects for the digital transformation of modern education.
Platelet-rich plasma as a new treatment method in orthopedics
Authors: Janocha Aleksandra , Jerzak Aneta , Hitnarowicz Anna , Kmak Bożena , Szot Anna , Pociecha Agnieszka
Published: May 2024

Introduction and purposePlatelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy represents a technology designed to enhance tissue repair by locally administering one's own bioactive agents, aiming to influence physiological processes like inflammation, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix synthesis. Recently, the use of PRP therapy has become a subject of discussion in the orthopedic field. This review comprehensively examines the mechanisms, contemporary applications, clinical evidence, safety aspects, and potential future advancements of PRP in orthopedic treatment. Research has documented the efficacy of PRP injections in achieving full regeneration and enabling a comeback to competitive sports. PRP injections could serve as a viable alternative treatment for individuals with lateral tendonitis when compared to surgery. Further research investigating the impact of PRP on the bone healing process following a fracture is warranted.
Materials and methods The methodology for conducting literature search involved utilizing medical subject headings terms to explore PubMed. Search terms included: "plasma-rich therapy", "tendinopathy",  "injury" " articular cartilage ", "bone fracture "
ConclusionsResearch at different evidence levels has shown that PRP is safe and has beneficial effects in above uses. Due to the autologous nature of the therapy, side effects are minimal. In the majority of cases, PRP therapy alleviates pain sensations in both short- and long-term observations, facilitating a faster return to daily functionality. However, additional randomized, controlled clinical trials are anticipated to be conducted in the future. Progressing further necessitates the standardization of methods for preparing plasma and procedures for its application.
Ejercicio forense en el rural: un caso muy difícil
Authors: Ocampo Arias Andrés Felipe , Hernández Rubio Mario Alberto
Published: May 2024

Este capítulo está centrado en el ejercicio de la patología forense, específicamente la autopsia. Es menester iniciar este reto preparatorio con un caso probable. Se trata de un cuerpo masculino de 65 años, identificado como R. G. M., que según los datos aportados por la autoridad en el acta de inspección fue encontrado sin vida en el patio de su domicilio, en la ciudad de Bogotá, boca abajo, el día 25 de septiembre a las 21:00 horas por su sobrino, quien refirió que a su familiar en algún momento se le documentó una cifra tensional alta que no requirió manejo farmacológico ni estuvo en seguimiento médico. En el acta de inspección se refiere que el hoy occiso se encontraba con todas sus prendas puestas, sin evidencia de forcejeo en la escena, sin rastros de sangre a la inspección, por lo que se considera una muerte súbita inesperada, es decir, en persona sana sin hallazgos en relación con violencia. No recolectan nada en la escena. Se comunican con el médico que presta su sso para invitarlo a asistir al levantamiento, sin embargo, él refiere que no puede porque tiene mucho trabajo en el momento y que solo le hacen llegar el cadáver cuando la diligencia finalice. Se procede a embalar y ubicar el cadáver en una camioneta proporcionada por un familiar y es llevado a la morgue del cementerio donde es dejado a las 23:00 horas. Se acercan al centro de salud que se encuentra a 10 cuadras del cementerio, en donde hacen entrega del acta de inspección y la cadena de custodia del cuerpo al médico de turno, quien ingenuamente la firma, constituyéndose desde ese momento en el custodio del cuerpo.
Matching Impatient and Heterogeneous Demand and Supply
Authors: Aveklouris Angelos , DeValve Levi , Stock Maximiliano , Ward Amy
Published: May 2024

Balancing Speed and Value in On-Demand Matching Platforms

In “Matching Impatient and Heterogeneous Demand and Supply,” Aveklouris, DeValve, Stock, and Ward consider a fundamental trade-off faced by many platforms (e.g., Uber/Lyft) that match supply (e.g., drivers) and demand (e.g., riders) dynamically over time: making matches quickly capitalizes on the value of current supply and demand in the system, whereas waiting may enable better matches at the risk of losing impatient customers. They show that this trade-off can be balanced by waiting a short amount of time before making matches: long enough to gather enough agents to make valuable matches but not so long that impatient agents are likely to leave. Intuitively, this balance depends on how long agents are willing to wait, on average, but the authors show that it also depends on the full distribution of the willingness to wait (i.e., not only mean, but also variance and higher moments play a role). Thus, approaches that only take into account the mean willingness to wait may perform quite poorly. Further, the authors develop an algorithm to rank matching priorities in order to achieve an optimized trade-off between speed and value of matches.
Online Learning for Constrained Assortment Optimization Under Markov Chain Choice Model
Authors: Li Shukai , Luo Qi , Huang Zhiyuan , Shi Cong
Published: May 2024

Assortment optimization finds many important applications in both brick-and-mortar and online retailing. Decision makers select a subset of products to offer to customers from a universe of substitutable products, based on the assumption that customers purchase according to a Markov chain choice model, which is a very general choice model encompassing many popular models. The existing literature predominantly assumes that the customer arrival process and the Markov chain choice model parameters are given as input to the stochastic optimization model. However, in practice, decision makers may not have this information and must learn them while maximizing the total expected revenue on the fly. In “Online Learning for Constrained Assortment Optimization under the Markov Chain Choice Model,” S. Li, Q. Luo, Z. Huang, and C. Shi developed a series of online learning algorithms for Markov chain choice-based assortment optimization problems with efficiency, as well as provable performance guarantees.
Lacrimal sac diffuse large B-cell lymphoma presenting as sudden-onset binocular diplopia
Authors: Jeri-Yabar Antoine , Vittini-Hernandez Liliana , Dev Bharati , Patel Marissa , Lin Meihuan
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a prevalent subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) affecting predominantly elderly individuals. Case description: A 68-year-old man with a history of hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and a small pituitary gland tumour presented with sudden-onset binocular diplopia and right-eye blurry vision. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed enhancing soft tissue in the right superolateral orbit inseparable from the lacrimal gland, extending medially to the right superior rectus muscle and soft tissue. Further scanning showed widespread metastasis to the bilateral retroperitoneal lymph nodes, adrenal gland, spine and lymph nodes in the neck. A biopsy of the lacrimal gland confirmed DLBCL. Conclusion: Primary lacrimal gland DLBCL is a rare and delayed diagnosis that often stems from the resemblance of its clinical manifestations to more benign conditions such as dacryocystitis, dacryostenosis or mucocele. Timely recognition and accurate diagnosis are essential for initiating appropriate treatment and improving patient outcomes.
Strangles Awareness Week takes the BEST approach to tackling strangles
Authors: Brauwere Nic de , Madders Gabrielle
Published: May 2024

Strangles Awareness Week takes place in the first week of May, and is a collaborative campaign to help manage and prevent strangles infection. Strangles is the most common equine infectious disease worldwide, which can cause suffering and death to infected horses and enormous stress and expense for owners and businesses. This year's Strangles Awareness Week is sharing the BEST approach to preventing and containing outbreaks through four practical actions. Redwings and The British Horse Society, two of the Strangles Awareness Week collaboration team, provide an overview of this year's Strangles Awareness Week and steps that veterinarians, horse owners and yard managers can promote and follow to help keep horses safe from this debilitating disease.
The Cacographic Renaissance: Reading and Not Reading in Early Modern English Manuscript Culture
Authors: Teramura Misha
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT: This article contributes to the material history of reading in early modern England by examining the phenomenon of cacography, or “bad handwriting.” What were the causes of cacography, and what were its cultural, social, and political meanings? What factors affected a reader’s ability or willingness to decipher a challenging manuscript? What did it mean for a document to be illegible, and how did readers experience moments of communication failure? Drawing on evidence from letters, plays, and prose, as well as the testimony and practices of printers and scribes, this article argues that attending to specific moments of not reading —of friction and impasse—illuminates a pervasive awareness about the materiality of written language that conditioned the experience of writing and reading in early modern manuscript culture.
Cellular structural and functional imaging of donor and pathological corneas with label-free dual-mode full-field optical coherence tomography
Authors: Fei Keyi , Luo Zhongzhou , Chen Yupei , Huang Yuancong , Li Saiqun , Mazlin Viacheslav , Boccara Albert Claude , Yuan Jin , Xiao Peng
Published: May 2024

In this study, a dual-mode full-field optical coherence tomography (FFOCT) was customized for label-free static and dynamic imaging of corneal tissues, including donor grafts and pathological specimens. Static images effectively depict relatively stable structures such as stroma, scar, and nerve fibers, while dynamic images highlight cells with active intracellular metabolism, specifically for corneal epithelial cells. The dual-mode images complementarily demonstrate the 3D microstructural features of the cornea and limbus. Dual-modal imaging reveals morphological and functional changes in corneal epithelial cells without labeling, indicating cellular apoptosis, swelling, deformation, dynamic signal alterations, and distinctive features of inflammatory cells in keratoconus and corneal leukoplakia. These findings propose dual-mode FFOCT as a promising technique for cellular-level cornea and limbus imaging.
Photoemission properties of the variable component GaInAsSb heterojunction nanopillar array cathode
Authors: Wang Zhidong , Liu Lei , Cao Zhihao , Tian Jian , Zhangyang Xingyue
Published: May 2024

The Ga
x
In1−xAs
y
Sb1−y heterojunction NPAs exhibit different properties depending on the material composition. Changing the Ga composition significantly affects the quantum efficiency and broadening of the heterojunction nanopillar array, while varying the As composition affects the peak position of its quantum efficiency. The quantum efficiency of the heterojunction is notably influenced by changes in the height of the top layer of the heterojunction, and when there is a difference in quantum efficiency between the two materials, the quantum efficiency of the heterojunction exhibits extremum values. Furthermore, external electric fields significantly affect the quantum efficiency of nanopillar arrays, providing important references and theoretical foundations for designing and optimizing resonantly enhanced GaInAsSb nanopillar array photonic cathodes.
Analysis of the far-field radiation pattern by a current loop in hyperbolic material
Authors: Hayat Aamir , Murshed Mohammad N. , Khalid Hafiza Sabahat , Shah Muzamil , Samhi Muhammad Adnan
Published: May 2024

In this article, we investigate the radiations from a current loop in hyperbolic materials. To encounter the arbitrary orientation of the loop, the results are presented when the loop axis is aligned parallel and perpendicular to the optic axis. Closed-form expressions as well as numerical results are presented for both ordinary and extraordinary waves. The results indicate a strong dependence on the size of the loop, in contrast to the case of uniaxial dielectric materials. When the loop axis is parallel to the optic axis, the pattern is quite similar to that of uniaxial dielectric materials; however, a significant change in the pattern is observed when the optic axis turns perpendicular to the loop axis. The results show a significant role of the size of the loop in the hyperbolic material as compared to the uniaxial dielectric material.
Theory of a quasi-phase-matched optical parametric oscillator of a backward wave: threshold and spectrum
Authors: Kasumova Rena J.
Published: May 2024

We theoretically study the stationary and nonstationary modes of the backward wave generation of an optical parametric oscillator based on quasi phase-matching. We obtain convenient analytical expressions in both modes. We derive, for the stationary lasing mode, the optimal values of the pump intensity and the total length of the structure. We present a numerical estimate of the threshold intensity for PPKTP and LiNbO3 and a comparison with the experiment. It is shown that the group velocity dispersion leads to a narrowing of the backward wave spectrum. But the forward wave pulse phase modulation contributes to the broadening of the central maximum of the backward wave.
Ultrahigh precision laser nanoprinting based on defect-compensated digital holography for fast-fabricating optical metalenses
Authors: Jie Kaiwen , Yao Zhuofan , Zheng Yiyin , Wang Minghui , Yuan Diefeng , Lin Zeda , Chen Shantong , Qin Fei , Ou Huase , Li Xiangping , Cao Yaoyu
Published: May 2024

The 3D structured light field manipulated by a digital-micromirror-device (DMD)-based digital hologram has demonstrated its superiority in fast-fabricating stereo nanostructures. However, this technique intrinsically suffers from defects of light intensity in generating modulated focal spots, which prevents from achieving high-precision micro/nanodevices. In this Letter, we have demonstrated a compensation approach based on adapting spatial voxel density for fabricating optical metalenses with ultrahigh precision. The modulated focal spot experiences intensity fluctuations of up to 3% by changing the spatial position, leading to a 20% variation of the structural dimension in fabrication. By altering the voxel density to improve the uniformity of the laser cumulative exposure dosage over the fabrication region, we achieved an increased dimensional uniformity from 94.4% to 97.6% in fabricated pillars. This approach enables fast fabrication of metalenses capable of sub-diffraction focusing of 0.44λ/NA with the increased mainlobe–sidelobe ratio from 1:0.34 to 1:0.14. A 6 × 5 supercritical lens array is fabricated within 2 min, paving a way for the fast fabrication of large-scale photonic devices.
Polarization enhancement mechanism from tissue staining in multispectral Mueller matrix microscopy
Authors: Shi Yuzhu , Chen Chunyan , Deng Liangyu , Zeng Nan , Li Hongtao , Liu Zhiyan , He Honghui , He Chao , Ma Hui
Published: May 2024

Mueller matrix microscopy can provide comprehensive polarization-related optical and structural information of biomedical samples label-freely. Thus, it is regarded as an emerging powerful tool for pathological diagnosis. However, the staining dyes have different optical properties and staining mechanisms, which can put influence on Mueller matrix microscopic measurement. In this Letter, we quantitatively analyze the polarization enhancement mechanism from hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining in multispectral Mueller matrix microscopy. We examine the influence of hematoxylin and eosin dyes on Mueller matrix-derived polarization characteristics of fibrous tissue structures. Combined with Monte Carlo simulations, we explain how the dyes enhance diattenuation and linear retardance as the illumination wavelength changed. In addition, it is demonstrated that by choosing an appropriate incident wavelength, more visual Mueller matrix polarimetric information can be observed of the H&E stained tissue sample. The findings can lay the foundation for the future Mueller matrix-assisted digital pathology.
Graphene-enhanced lateral photovoltaic effect observed in the Ag nanoparticle-covered graphene/n-type silicon
Authors: Liu Shuai , Ren Feiyu , Dong Xinyuan , Zheng Diyuan , Niu Yiru , Jiao Lu , Tu Weiwei , Gan Zhikai , Wang Hui
Published: May 2024

Graphene is a kind of two-dimensional material with a single-layer carbon structure and has been investigated in many high-performance photodetectors. The lateral photovoltaic effect (LPE) is widely used in the position-sensitive detectors (PSDs) owing to its linear response of photovoltage to the light position. In this Letter, a type of graphene-enhanced LPE is observed in the Ag nanoparticle-covered graphene/n-type Si. The LPE sensitivity can reach 97.3 mV/mm, much higher than the sensitivity of 1.3 mV/mm in the control sample of Ag/Si and 5.2 mV/mm of graphene/Si. Based on the photocarriers’ diffusion mechanism, tailoring a photocarrier transfer at the interface of a heterojunction plays a key role for the enhancement. These findings exhibit great application potential of graphene in the field of PSDs and offer an effective method for the optimization of LPE devices.