bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Time-Dependent Morphological Evolution of Bi2Te3 Nanotubes: A Potential Material for Thermoelectric Applications
Authors: Shyni P. , Pradyumnan P. P.
Published: November 2020

Bi2Te3 nanotubes covered with nanoplates have been synthesized by a single-step, surfactant assisted hydrothermal method and the effects of different reaction conditions including reaction time and temperature have been investigated. Nanotubes with circular, pentagonal and hexagonal cross sections are formed at 180 °C at a minimum reaction time of 8 h. The Bi2Te3 nanostructure characterizations were investigated using X-ray diffraction crystallography, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, selected area diffraction pattern and Raman measurements. The morphological evolution of Bi2Te3 nanostructures through different reaction times have been observed and possible reaction mechanism is suggested. It is identified that an imperfect oriented attachment mechanism of primary Bi2Te3 particles leads to formation of Bi2Te3 nanotubes. The high energy defect sites formed by the lattice imperfections in Bi2Te3 nanotubes act as a substrate for the emergence of secondary Bi2Te3 nanoplates.
Incorporation of Zinc Oxide on Macroporous Silicon Enhanced the Sensitivity of Macroporous Silicon MSM Photodetector
Authors: Rosli Nurizati , Halim Mohd Mahadi , Chahrour Khaled M. , Hashim Md Roslan
Published: November 2020

In this study, metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetectors (PDs) was fabricated on the macroporous silicon substrate, (mPS) followed by growth of zinc oxide (ZnO) on the mPS substrate (ZnO/mPS) with addition of nickel (Ni) contact in finger mask pattern. The mPS was formed by electrochemical etching technique with an estimated etching time of 15 min by a continuous current flow of 25 mA. The ZnO nanostructures were synthesized by cost-effective chemical bath deposition (CBD) process. Field Effect Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) revealed the randomly distributed of upper-morphologies and crystalline properties of x-shaped mPS as well as the distribution of ZnO/mPS. A good Schottky contact with superior photoconductivity, photo-responsivity, and photo-sensitivity have been demonstrated from these MSM PDs under illumination of 383 nm and 422 nm light sources. An enhanced photoconductivity at 422 nm had been demonstrated from Ni/ZnO/mPS/Ni PD which was believed due to the incorporation of energy properties at ZnO/mPS interface with a greater energy band gap of 3.15 eV. The responsivity of Ni/mPS/Ni PD at 383 nm and 422 nm were 0.088 A W−1and 0.171 A W−1, respectively. While the Ni/ZnO/mPS/Ni PD shows the double photo-responsivity for both wavelengths, with the values of 0.160 A W−1and 0.385 A W−1, respectively. In overall, the incorporation of ZnO/mPS structure drawn a great significance in PDs performance due to unique tunable photo-responsivity, higher sensitivity, and faster rise and decay time which attributed to the swift recombination process.
Analysis of Negative Bias Illumination Stress Induced Effect on LTPS and a-IGZO TFT
Authors: Agrawal Khushabu S. , Patil Vilas S. , Cho Eun-Chel , Yi Junsin
Published: November 2020

The LTPS and IGZO were the two possible options for next generation displays with its own advantages and disadvantages. In terms of reliability, the LTPS TFT offers the superior threshold voltage stability as compare to the IGZO TFT under the gate bias stress. However, the continuing scaling of the LTPS and IGZO limits the electrical performance at higher voltages. LTPS and IGZO TFT still retains the reliability issues at smaller device dimensions. Therefore, the negative bias stress instability in a-IGZO and LTPS TFT having similar device dimension (width × length) has been investigated and compared. The negative bias stress without illumination shows the good thermal stability and no threshold voltage change in the LTPS TFT. However, under illumination (NBIS), the asymmetrical degradation in the LTPS TFT was observed, shows the degradation in off current (IOFF) almost by two order (10−11 A) due to self-heating effects. Whereas, the NBIS on a-IGZO TFT shows the positive shift in the threshold voltage (ΔVth = 2.71 V), due to the double donor state within a-IGZO and gate insulator. It is noticed that, the LTPS and a-IGZO TFT show different photo-generated carrier behavior under NBIS, which may limit the performance for future CMOS device at smaller dimensions.
Adipsin deficiency does not impact atherosclerosis development in Ldlr−/− mice
Authors: Liu Longhua , Chan Michelle , Yu Lexiang , Wang Weidong , Qiang Li
Published: November 2020

Adipsin deficiency does not impact the development of atherosclerosis in Ldlr−/− mice despite its crucial function in alternative complement activation. Therefore, it is unlikely to play an important role in mediating the risk of atherosclerotic complications in obesity.
Inhibition of 15-PGDH prevents ischemic renal injury by the PGE2/EP4signaling pathway mediating vasodilation, increased renal blood flow, and increased adenosine/A2Areceptors
Authors: Kim Hye Jung , Kim Sun-Hee , Kim Minjung , Baik HyungJoo , Park Seok Ju , Kang Mi Seon , Kim Dong-Hyun , Kim Byeong Woo , Markowitz Sanford D. , Bae Ki Beom
Published: November 2020

In the present study, we demonstrated the marked activity of SW033291, an inhibitor of 15-hydoxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH), in preventing acute kidney injury (AKI) in a murine model of ischemia-reperfusion injury. AKI due to ischemic injury represents a significant clinical problem. PGE2is vasodilatory in the kidney, but it is rapidly degraded in vivo due to catabolism by 15-PGDH. We investigated the potential of SW033291, a potent and specific 15-PGDH inhibitor, as prophylactic treatment for ischemic AKI. Prophylactic administration of SW033291 significantly increased renal tissue PGE2levels and increased post-AKI renal blood flow and renal arteriole area. In parallel, prophylactic SW033291 decreased post-AKI renal morphology injury scores and tubular apoptosis and markedly reduced biomarkers of renal injury that included blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and kidney injury molecule-1. Prophylactic SW033291 also reduced post-AKI induction of proinflammatory cytokines, high-mobility group box 1, and malondialdehyde. Protective effects of SW033291 were mediated by PGE2signaling, as they could be blocked by pharmacological inhibition of PGE2synthesis. Consistent with activation of PGE2signaling, SW033291 induced renal levels of both EP4receptors and cAMP, along with other vasodilatory effectors, including AMP, adenosine, and the adenosine A2Areceptor. The protective effects of SW0333291 could largely be achieved with a single prophylactic dose of the drug. Inhibition of 15-PGDH may thus represent a novel strategy for prophylaxis of ischemic AKI in multiple clinical settings, including renal transplantation and cardiovascular surgery.
NaCl cotransporter activity and Mg2+handling by the distal convoluted tubule
Authors: Maeoka Yujiro , McCormick James A.
Published: November 2020

The genetic disease Gitelman syndrome, knockout mice, and pharmacological blockade with thiazide diuretics have revealed that reduced activity of the NaCl cotransporter (NCC) promotes renal Mg2+wasting. NCC is expressed along the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), and its activity determines Mg2+entry into DCT cells through transient receptor potential channel subfamily M member 6 (TRPM6). Several other genetic forms of hypomagnesemia lower the drive for Mg2+entry by inhibiting activity of basolateral Na+-K+-ATPase, and reduced NCC activity may do the same. Lower intracellular Mg2+may promote further Mg2+loss by directly decreasing activity of Na+-K+-ATPase. Lower intracellular Mg2+may also lower Na+-K+-ATPase indirectly by downregulating NCC. Lower NCC activity also induces atrophy of DCT cells, decreasing the available number of TRPM6 channels. Conversely, a mouse model with increased NCC activity was recently shown to display normal Mg2+handling. Moreover, recent studies have identified calcineurin and uromodulin (UMOD) as regulators of both NCC and Mg2+handling by the DCT. Calcineurin inhibitors paradoxically cause hypomagnesemia in a state of NCC activation, but this may be related to direct effects on TRPM6 gene expression. In Umod−/−mice, the cause of hypomagnesemia may be partly due to both decreased NCC expression and lower TRPM6 expression on the cell surface. This mini-review discusses these new findings and the possible role of altered Na+flux through NCC and ultimately Na+-K+-ATPase in Mg2+reabsorption by the DCT.
A Short Note on Wavelet Frames Based on FMRA on Local Fields
Authors: Younus Bhat M.
Published: November 2020

The concept of frame multiresolution analysis (FMRA) on local fields of positive characteristic was given by Shah in his paper, Frame Multiresolution Analysis on Local Fields published by Journal of Operators. The author has studied the concept of minimum-energy wavelet frames on these prime characteristic fields. We continued the studies based on frame multiresolution analysis and minimum-energy wavelet frames on local fields of positive characteristic. In this paper, we introduce the notion of the construction of minimum-energy wavelet frames based on FMRA on local fields of positive characteristic. We provide a constructive algorithm for the existence of the minimum-energy wavelet frame on the local field of positive characteristic. An explicit construction of the frames and bases is given. In the end, we exhibit an example to illustrate our algorithm.
Data-Based Reconstruction of Chaotic Systems by Stochastic Iterative Greedy Algorithm
Authors: Xiao Yuzhu , Dong Guoli , Song Xueli
Published: November 2020

It is challenging to reconstruct a nonlinear dynamical system when sufficient observations are not available. Recent study shows this problem can be solved by paradigm of compressive sensing. In this paper, we study the reconstruction of chaotic systems based on the stochastic gradient matching pursuit (StoGradMP) method. Comparing with the previous method based on convex optimization, the study results show that the StoGradMP method performs much better when the numerical sampling period is small. So the present study enables potential application of the reconstruction method using limited observations in some special situations where limited observations can be acquired in limited time.
Protection of Cochlear Ribbon Synapses and Prevention of Hidden Hearing Loss
Authors: Wei Mei , Wang Wei , Liu Yao , Mao Xiang , Chen Tai Sheng , Lin Peng
Published: November 2020

In the auditory system, ribbon synapses are vesicle-associated structures located between inner hair cells (IHCs) and spiral ganglion neurons that are implicated in the modulation of trafficking and fusion of synaptic vesicles at the presynaptic terminals. Synapse loss may result in hearing loss and difficulties with understanding speech in a noisy environment. This phenomenon happens without permanent hearing loss; that is, the cochlear synaptopathy is “hidden.” Recent studies have reported that synapse loss might be critical in the pathogenesis of hidden hearing loss. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the formation, structure, regeneration, and protection of ribbon synapses will assist in the design of potential therapeutic strategies. In this review, we describe and summarize the following aspects of ribbon synapses: (1) functional and structural features, (2) potential mechanisms of damage, (3) therapeutic research on protecting the synapses, and (4) the role of synaptic regeneration in auditory neuropathy and the current options for synapse rehabilitation.
Pathologic Complete Response to Neoadjuvant Nivolumab/Ipilimumab in a Patient with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Peak Taylor C. , Fenu Elena M. , Rothberg Michael B. , Thomas Christopher Y. , Davis Ronald L. , Levine Edward A.
Published: November 2020

Nivolumab plus ipilimumab represents an effective combination of checkpoint inhibitors that can lead to a durable response with minimal toxicity in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). We present a case of a pathologic complete response to neoadjuvant nivolumab plus ipilimumab in a patient with a 13.9 cm left renal mass and significant retroperitoneal and iliac lymphadenopathy, classified as intermediate-risk mRCC. We discuss and review the literature on complete responses after systemic therapy and the ability to predict who has undergone a complete response in the face of residual radiographic evidence of disease.
Research on Human Erythrocyte’s Threshold Free Energy for Hemolysis and Damage from Coupling Effect of Shear and Impact Based on Immersed Boundary-Lattice Boltzmann Method
Authors: Yun Zhong , Xiang Chuang , Wang Liang
Published: November 2020

Researches on the principle of human red blood cell’s (RBC) injuring and judgment basis play an important role in decreasing the hemolysis in a blood pump. In the current study, the judgment of hemolysis in a blood pump study was through some experiment data and empirical formula. The paper forms a criterion of RBC’s mechanical injury in the aspect of RBC’s free energy. First, the paper introduces the nonlinear spring network model of RBC in the frame of immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method (IB-LBM). Then, the shape, free energy, and time needed for erythrocyte to be shorn in different shear flow and impacted in different impact flow are simulated. Combining existing research on RBC’s threshold limit for hemolysis in shear and impact flow with this paper’s, the RBC’s free energy of the threshold limit for hemolysis is found to be

3.46
×

10

−
15

 J. The threshold impact velocity of RBC for hemolysis is 8.68 m/s. The threshold value of RBC can be used for judgment of RBC’s damage when the RBC is having a complicated flow of blood pumps such as coupling effect of shear and impact flow. According to the change law of RBC’s free energy in the process of being shorn and impacted, this paper proposed a judging criterion for hemolysis when the RBC is under the coupling effect of shear and impact based on the increased free energy of RBC.
Transverse SINS/DVL Integrated Polar Navigation Algorithm Based on Virtual Sphere Model
Authors: Huang Ling , Xu Xiang , Zhao Heming , Ge Haoran
Published: November 2020

Due to the principle error caused by the Earth’s sphere model in transverse polar navigation, the ellipsoid model is usually used for transverse transformation. In order to avoid the complex transverse transformation of the ellipsoid model, a virtual sphere model, which can simplify the transformation of the ellipsoid model, is constructed in this paper. With the requirements of high accuracy and long-time navigation for AUV in the polar region, the integrated navigation scheme of SINS/DVL, which is based on the virtual sphere model, is proposed. The proposed method can improve the navigation accuracy and suppress the oscillation error. The error equations of transverse SINS are established based on the virtual sphere model. Then, the transverse SINS/DVL integrated navigation algorithm is derived according to the new error equations. The simulation results show that the navigation accuracy of the proposed method is equivalent with the traditional ellipsoid model method and is better than that of the traditional sphere model method. However, the complexity of the proposed method is simpler than the traditional ellipsoid model method. Moreover, it is verified that the navigation accuracy of SINS/DVL integrated navigation system based on the virtual sphere model meets the requirements of AUV.
Study on Mechanical Properties and Energy Dissipation of Frozen Sandstone under Shock Loading
Authors: Wang Lei , Qin Yue , Jia Haibin , Su Hongming , Chen Shiguan
Published: November 2020

In order to understand the mechanical properties and energy dissipation law of frozen sandstone under impact loading, the cretaceous water-rich red sandstone was selected as the research object to conduct impact tests at different freezing temperatures (0°C, −10°C, −20°C, and −30°C). The test results suggested the following: (1) the peak stress and peak strain of frozen sandstone are positively correlated with strain rate and freezing temperature, and the strain rate strengthening effect and the low-temperature hardening effect are obvious. (2) The strain rate sensitivity of dynamic stress increase factor (DIF) is negatively correlated with temperature. Water-ice phase change and the difference in the cold shrinkage rate of rock matrix under strong impact loading will degrade the performance of rock together, so DIF is less than 1. (3) In the negative temperature range from −10°C to −30°C, DEIF is always greater than 1. The energy dissipation rate of red sandstone specimens fluctuated between 10% and 25% under the impact loading, and the data are discrete, showing obvious strain rate independence. The failure form changes from tensile failure to shear and particle crushing failure. (4) Combined with the micromechanism analysis, the difference in dynamic mechanical properties of red sandstone at different temperatures is caused by the water-ice phase change and the different cold shrinkage rates of the frozen rock medium. When the temperature drops from 0°C to −2°C, water migrates to the free space of the pore of frozen rock and freezes into ice crystal, resulting in frozen shrinkage. At −30°C, the expansion of ice dominates and the migration of water will stop, leading to frost heave.
Proximate, Antinutritional, Microbial, and Sensory Acceptability of Bread Formulated from Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus)
Authors: Zula Aemiro Tadesse , Ayele Dagim Alemayehu , Egigayhu Woinshet Abera
Published: November 2020

Background. Breads are made throughout the world. Bread can be prepared from cereal like wheat, maize, and rice. Nowadays, gluten intolerance, requirement of healthy, and nutritious products have increased and interests towards underutilized crops have also been increasing with the aim of improving global food security and to ease an adverse effect of climate changes. Amaranth is one of nutritionally balanced and naturally grown underutilized crops, but it is mainly considered weed in Africa including Ethiopia. Method. The aim of the study is to develop bread from wheat and Amaranthus and to evaluate proximate composition, antinutritional, microbial, and sensory acceptability of bread. The experiment contained 100% wheat as control and four blending proportions (90% wheat and 10% amaranth, 80% wheat and 20% amaranth, 70% wheat and 30% amaranth, and 60% wheat and 40% amaranth). A complete randomized design is used for proximate composition, antinutritional, and microbial data analysis whereas a randomized complete block design with three replications was applied for sensory acceptability. SAS for windows version 9 was used for data analysis. Result. The study revealed that moisture, protein, fat, fiber, and antinutritional content were increased as Amaranthus concentration is increased from 10% to 40%. However, carbohydrate, microbial load, and sensory acceptability were decreased. But the gross energy is constant. Conclusion. From the study, it can be concluded that beside the good nutritional profile of Amaranthus, it has antinutritional content which needs to limit the concentration of Amaranthus in blending with other grains during product development.
A Renewed Focus on Health Disparities in the Year 2020: Reexamining Geospatial Disparities
Authors: Williams Grant R.
Published: November 2020

To achieve the ultimate goal of health equity for all people in the United States, new methods are necessary to further understand health disparities in cancer. Geospatial approaches to examine outcomes in cancer control and population sciences in the United States is an area of growing interest, but traditional methods are hindered by the use of a single location at the time of diagnosis. Incorporating residential histories into geospatial analyses overcomes this challenge and is a step forward in improving our understanding of geospatial disparities in cancer outcomes.

See related article by Wiese et al., p. 2119
FDA Approval Summary: Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab for the Treatment of Patients with Advanced Unresectable or Metastatic Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Casak Sandra J. , Donoghue Martha , Fashoyin-Aje Lola , Jiang Xiaoping , Rodriguez Lisa , Shen Yuan-Li , Xu Yuan , Jiang Xiling , Liu Jiang , Zhao Hong , Pierce William F. , Mehta Shubhangi , Goldberg Kirsten B. , Theoret Marc R. , Kluetz Paul G. , Pazdur Richard , Lemery Steven J.
Published: November 2020

On May 29, 2020, the FDA approved atezolizumab for use in combination with bevacizumab, for the treatment of adult patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with no prior systemic treatment. The approval was based on data from Study IMbrave150, which randomly allocated (2:1) patients to receive either atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (atezolizumab-bevacizumab) or sorafenib. Overall survival (OS) and independently assessed progression-free survival (PFS) in the intent-to-treat population were the primary endpoints. At the time of the primary analysis, the estimated median OS could not be estimated in the atezolizumab-bevacizumab arm and was 13.2 months in the sorafenib arm [HR, 0.58; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.42–0.79]. The estimated median PFS was 6.8 months (95% CI, 5.8–8.3) and 4.3 months (95% CI, 4.0–5.6) in the atezolizumab-bevacizumab and sorafenib arms, respectively. Adverse reactions occurring in >20% of patients receiving atezolizumab-bevacizumab were hypertension, fatigue/asthenia, and proteinuria. Adverse reactions occurring in >20% of patients receiving sorafenib were palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia, diarrhea, hypertension, and decreased appetite. Hemorrhage was reported more frequently in patients receiving atezolizumab-bevacizumab (25%) than in patients receiving sorafenib (17%). An evaluation for the presence of varices is recommended within 6 months of initiation of atezolizumab-bevacizumab in patients with HCC. Approval of atezolizumab-bevacizumab is likely to change the treatment paradigm for HCC, given that treatment with atezolizumab-bevacizumab resulted in improved OS and PFS compared with sorafenib, an accepted standard of care for first-line treatment of patients with unresectable HCC.

See related commentary by Castet et al., p. 1827
Insights into Tumor-Associated Tertiary Lymphoid Structures: Novel Targets for Antitumor Immunity and Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Rodriguez Anthony B. , Engelhard Victor H.
Published: November 2020

Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are ectopic lymphoid aggregates that phenotypically resemble conventional secondary lymphoid organs and are commonly found at sites of chronic inflammation. They are also found in a wide variety of primary and metastatic human tumors. The presence of tumor-associated TLS (TA-TLS) is associated with prolonged patient survival, higher rates of disease-free survival, and a favorable response to current cancer therapies. However, the immune responses that occur in these structures, and how they contribute to improved clinical outcomes, remain incompletely understood. In addition, it is unknown how heterogeneity in TA-TLS cellular composition, structural organization, and anatomic location influences their functionality and prognostic significance. Understanding more about TA-TLS development, formation, and function may offer new therapeutic options to modulate antitumor immunity.
Malignant Transformation of an HNF1a-Inactivated Hepatocellular Adenoma to Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Hepkema Joris T. , Poelmann Floris B. , Gouw Annette S.H. , de Haas Robbert J. , Duiker Evelien W. , Blokzijl Hans , Klaase Joost M.
Published: November 2020

Hepatocellular adenomas (HCA) are rare benign tumors of the liver, occurring predominantly in females using oral contraceptives. Our case describes a 66-year-old woman presenting with a palpable mass in her upper abdomen. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed a large exophytic mass protruding from the caudal border of liver segments IV and V, without visible metastases. Laparoscopic resection of the tumor and gallbladder was performed. Histopathological examination showed a hepatocellular carcinoma with areas of HNF1a-HCA (H-HCA). This case shows that malignant transformation is possible in H-HCA. We present our preoperative decision-making process, as well as the role of imaging techniques in this rare case.
Cardiovascular Health and Transition From Controlled Blood Pressure to Apparent Treatment Resistant Hypertension
Authors: Akinyelure Oluwasegun P. , Sakhuja Swati , Colvin Calvin L. , Clark Donald , Jaeger Byron C. , Hardy Shakia T. , Howard George , Cohen Laura P. , Irvin Marguerite R. , Tanner Rikki , Carey Robert M. , Muntner Paul
Published: November 2020

Almost 1 in 5 US adults with hypertension has apparent treatment resistant hypertension (aTRH). Identifying modifiable risk factors for incident aTRH may guide interventions to reduce the need for additional antihypertensive medication. We evaluated the association between cardiovascular health and incident aTRH among participants with hypertension and controlled blood pressure (BP) at baseline in the Jackson Heart Study (N=800) and the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study (N=2316). Body mass index, smoking, physical activity, diet, BP, cholesterol and glucose, categorized as ideal, intermediate, or poor according to the American Heart Association’s Life’s Simple 7 were assessed at baseline and used to define cardiovascular health. Incident aTRH was defined by uncontrolled BP, systolic BP ≥130 mm Hg or diastolic BP ≥80 mm Hg, while taking ≥3 classes of antihypertensive medication or controlled BP, systolic BP <130 mm Hg and diastolic BP <80 mm Hg, while taking ≥4 classes of antihypertensive medication at a follow-up visit. Over a median 9 years of follow-up, 605 (19.4%) participants developed aTRH. Incident aTRH developed among 25.8%, 18.2%, and 15.7% of participants with 0 to 1, 2, and 3 to 5 ideal Life’s Simple 7 components, respectively. No participants had 6 or 7 ideal Life’s Simple 7 components at baseline. The multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (95% CIs) for incident aTRH associated with 2 and 3 to 5 versus 0 to 1 ideal components were 0.75 (0.61–0.92) and 0.67 (0.54–0.82), respectively. These findings suggest optimizing cardiovascular health may reduce the pill burden and high cardiovascular risk associated with aTRH among individuals with hypertension.
Effect and Acceptability of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program on Patients With Elevated Blood Pressure or Hypertension
Authors: Lee Eric K.P. , Yeung Nelson C.Y. , Xu Zijun , Zhang Dexing , Yu Chun-Pong , Wong Samuel Y.S.
Published: November 2020

The mindfulness-based stress reduction program (MBSR) may reduce blood pressure (BP) in patients with hypertension or elevated BP. However, some important parameters (such as asleep BP) have not been investigated in previous reviews, and a well-conducted meta-analysis is lacking. This meta-analysis investigates the effect and acceptability of MBSR on patients with elevated BP or hypertension. Relevant articles were searched in multiple databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, and APA PsycInfo. Included studies were randomized controlled trials that involved patients with an elevated BP, had a control group, and investigated the effect of MBSR. The mean office and out-of-office (including 24-hour, daytime, and asleep) systolic BP and diastolic BP, psychological outcomes (depression/anxiety/stress), and dropout rate were compared between the MBSR arm and the control arm using a random-effects model. Quality assessment was conducted based on the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Twelve studies were included, and only one was considered having low risk of bias. MBSR decreased the office systolic BP and diastolic BP by 6.64 and 2.47 mm Hg at postintervention, respectively; the reduction in diastolic BP was sustained until 3 to 6 months after the recruitment. Our meta-analyses did not find a significant reduction in out-of-office BP after MBSR. MBSR reduced depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms. The dropout rate from MBSR arm was 15% and was similar to that of control arm. The current evidence is limited by lack of high-quality and adequately powered trials with long-term follow-up. Furthermore, out-of-office BP was only reported by few trials.
Inverse Association Between Riboflavin Intake and New-Onset Hypertension
Authors: Liu Mengyi , Zhou Chun , Zhang Zhuxian , Li Qinqin , He Panpan , Zhang Yuanyuan , Li Huan , Liu Chengzhang , Qin Xianhui
Published: November 2020

The prospective relation of dietary riboflavin intake with hypertension remains uncertain. We aimed to investigate the relationship of dietary riboflavin intake with new-onset hypertension and examine possible effect modifiers in general population. A total of 12 245 participants who were free of hypertension at baseline from China Health and Nutrition Survey were included. Dietary intake was measured by 3 consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls combined with a household food inventory. The study outcome was new-onset hypertension, defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg or diagnosed by physician or under antihypertensive treatment during the follow-up. A total of 4303 (35.1%) subjects developed hypertension during 95 573 person-years of follow-up. Overall, there was a nonlinear, inverse association between total, plant-based, or animal-based riboflavin intake and new-onset hypertension (all
P
for nonlinearity, <0.001). The risk of new-onset hypertension was increased only in participants with relatively lower riboflavin intake. Accordingly, a significantly lower risk of new-onset hypertension was found in participants in quartiles 2 to 4 of total riboflavin intake (hazard ratio, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.68–0.80]), plant-derived riboflavin intake (hazard ratio, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.71–0.84]), or animal-derived riboflavin intake (hazard ratio, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.65–0.77]), compared with those in quartile 1. In addition, the association between total riboflavin intake and new-onset hypertension was particularly evident in those with lower dietary sodium/potassium intake ratio (
P
interaction, <0.001). In summary, there was an inverse association between riboflavin intake and new-onset hypertension in general Chinese adults. Our results emphasized the importance of maintaining relatively higher riboflavin intake levels for the prevention of hypertension.
The Quest for Hemispheric Asymmetries Supporting and Predicting Executive Functioning
Authors: Vallesi Antonino
Published: November 2020

This narrative review addresses the neural bases of two executive functions: criterion setting, that is, the capacity to flexibly set up and select task rules and associations between stimuli, responses, and nonresponses, and monitoring, that is, the process of continuously evaluating whether task rules are being applied optimally. There is a documented tendency for criterion setting and monitoring to differentially recruit left and right lateral prefrontal regions and connected networks, respectively, above and beyond the specific task context. This model, known as the ROtman–Baycrest Battery to Investigate Attention (ROBBIA) model, initially sprung from extensive neuropsychological work led by Don Stuss. In subsequent years, multimodal lines of empirical investigation on both healthy individuals and patients with brain damage, coming from functional neuroimaging, EEG, neurostimulation, individual difference approaches, and, again, neuropsychology, so to “complete the circle,” corroborated the functional mapping across the two hemispheres as predicted by the model. More recent electrophysiological evidence has further shown that hemispheric differences in intrinsic prefrontal dynamics are able to predict cognitive performance in tasks tapping these domain-general functions. These empirical contributions will be presented together with contrasting evidence, limits, and possible future directions to better fine-tune this model and extend its scope to new fields.
The missing role of gray matter in studying brain controllability
Authors: Jamalabadi Hamidreza , Zuberer Agnieszka , Kumar Vinod Jangir , Li Meng , Alizadeh Sarah , Amani Ali Moradi , Gaser Christian , Esterman Michael , Walter Martin
Published: November 2020

Brain controllability properties are normally derived from the white matter fiber tracts in which the neural substrate of the actual energy consumption, namely the gray matter, has been widely ignored. Here, we study the relationship between gray matter volume of regions across the whole cortex and their respective control properties derived from the structural architecture of the white matter fiber tracts. The data suggests that the ability of white fiber tracts to exhibit control at specific nodes not only depends on the connection strength of the structural connectome but additionally depends on gray matter volume at the host nodes. Our data indicate that connectivity strength and gray matter volume interact with respect to the brain’s control properties. Disentangling effects of the regional gray matter volume and connectivity strength, we found that frontal and sensory areas play crucial roles in controllability. Together these results suggest that structural and regional properties of the white matter and gray matter provide complementary information in studying the control properties of the intrinsic structural and functional architecture of the brain.
Lentibulariaceae in the Atlantic Forest of Northeastern Brazil

Authors: GUEDES FELIPE MARTINS , ALVES MARCCUS
Published: November 2020

This study comprises the survey and taxonomic treatment of the Lentibulariaceae species occurring in the Atlantic Forest phytogeographic domain of Northeastern Brazil, including the states of Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte and Sergipe. Thirty-one species from the two genera Genlisea (3 species) and Utricularia (28 species) were confirmed, and 13 species were found to be wrongly reported for the study area. Four out of these 31 are new records to Sergipe, one to Bahia, one to Rio Grande do Norte, and one to Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte; the latter one is also a new record for the Atlantic Forest. Only one species is endemic to the Atlantic Forest (Genlisea lobata) and only one to Northeastern Brazil (Utricularia flaccida), while 18 are widely distributed in the country, occurring in more than two phytogeographic domains. Other species present disjunct distributions that corroborate the already documented Atlantic-Amazonian and Atlantic-Cerrado connections. Here, an identification key, illustrations, photographs, distribution maps, besides taxonomic and phenological comments, are also presented. Moreover, an updated preliminary assessment of their conservation status at global scale, using IUCN Red List criteria, combined with a habitat preference categorization, is given as well.
Ludwigia humboldtiana (Onagraceae), a narrowly endemic new species from the subtropical Atlantic Forest, southern Brazil

Authors: FUNEZ LUÍS ADRIANO , FARIAS DAVID MOURA , HASSEMER GUSTAVO , DE GASPER ANDRÉ LUÍS
Published: November 2020

In this work we describe Ludwigia humboldtiana, an extremely narrowly endemic new species from a waterfall system in Corupá municipality, Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. This is already the second plant species endemic to the area. The new species is morphologically most similar to L. caparosa, L. elegans, L. multinervia and L. peruviana but differs from those by a series of taxonomically important characters. We present field photographs, a distribution map and a detailed morphological account of the new species, discuss its morphology and taxonomy in relation to the morphologically most similar other species of Ludwigia, and assess its conservation status according to IUCN criteria.
NOVELTIES IN BRAZILIAN BEGONIACEAE IV: Taxonomic notes

Authors: KOLLMANN LUDOVIC JEAN CHARLES
Published: November 2020

As a result of a taxonomic study on Begoniaceae from Brazil, nine new synonyms are proposed and two species are restored from synonymy. Eleven names are lectotypified and two are neotypified.
New records and amendments on Colombian Asteraceae

Authors: BENÍTEZ GUILLERMO , CALVO JOEL
Published: November 2020

Due to herbaria studies and recent field work carried out in Colombia, we record six species of Asteraceae new to the Colombian flora: Artemisia verlotiorum, Othonna capensis, Paragynoxys steyermarkii, Pentacalia disciformis, Senecio tamoides, and Solidago chilensis. Morphological discussions, distribution information, and nomenclatural notes if required are provided for each species, as well as pictures of living plants when available.
A new species of Symphyogyna (Pallaviciniaceae, Marchantiophyta) from the northern Andes of Ecuador Notes on the Bryophytes of Ecuador IV

Authors: BURGHARDT MICHAEL , URIBE JAIME
Published: November 2020

A new species of Symphyogyna, S. caduciloba, is described, based on the combination of ascending growth form, deeply lobate thallus, variable lobe tips with a small, 1–2-celled apical tooth which is sometimes replaced by a slime papilla, and caducous thallus lobes. Relations with similar species are discussed and a key to the lobate species of Symphyogyna in Ecuador is presented.
Orthetrum erythronigrum sp. nov. (Odonata: Libellulidae) from the Great Nicobar Island, India
Authors: SUBRAMANIAN K.A. , BABU R. , KALKMAN V.J.
Published: November 2020

The male and female of Orthetrum erythronigrum sp. nov. are described from Great Nicobar Island and are believed to be endemic to the Nicobar Islands archipelago (holotype ♂, India, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Great Nicobar Island, Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve, N 6.99067, E 93.871363; 01-xii-2018; deposited in ZSI, SRC, Chennai, India). The male of this new species is easily distinguished from other known Orthetrum species by its black abdomen with contrasting crimson belly. Female is distinguished by its large size, the black non-metallic head, black thorax and the red abdomen with a distinct black pattern. Based on field observations and photographs, notes on the life colouration of the mature male and information on the distribution and habitat of this Great Nicobar endemic are provided.
First record of Bouvieraxius keiensis Sakai, 1992 and Manaxius aurantiaca n. sp. (Decapoda: Axiidea) from the waters around the Ogasawara Islands, Japan
Authors: KOMAI TOMOYUKI
Published: November 2020

Two species of axiid shrimp are reported from sublittoral to upper bathyal waters around the Ogasawara Islands, Japan. The first, Bouvieraxius keiensis Sakai, 1992, is recorded from Japanese waters for the first time, although it is known widely from the southwestern Pacific to western Indian Ocean. Taxonomic problems of this taxon are pointed out. The second, Manaxius aurantiaca n. sp., is described based on a single female specimen from the Kaikata Seamount (at a depth of 299–335 m). It has rounded pleura of the pleomeres 2–5, and is notable in the lack of spines on the upper margin of the cheliped palms. In this regard, the new species closely resembles M. iro Poore, 2020. Differentiating characters between M. aurantiaca n. sp. and M. iro are discussed.
Revision in the generic name of the cricket, Luzaropsis mjobergi Chopard, 1926 of tribe Luzaropsini (Phalangopsidae: Phalangopsinae)
Authors: MEENA ASHOK KUMAR , SWAMINATHAN RAJAMANI , NAGAR RAJENDRA , NAGAR RAJENDRA
Published: November 2020

The present paper deals with the revision in the generic name of the phalangopsid cricket, Luzaropsis mjobergi Chopard (1926) as Paraluzaropsis, based on significant differences in certain morphological and the male genitalia characters. The male of Paraluzaropsis mjobergi (Chopard) has been described for the first time with suitable plates and line diagrams that was collected from South India. A key to the existing genera of the tribe Luzaropsini has been presented.
Intraseasonal Soil Moisture–Atmosphere Feedbacks on the Tibetan Plateau Circulation
Authors: Talib Joshua , Taylor Christopher M. , Duan Anmin , Turner Andrew G.
Published: November 2020

Substantial intraseasonal precipitation variability is observed across the Tibetan Plateau (TP) during boreal summer associated with the subtropical jet location and the Silk Road pattern. Weather station data and satellite observations highlight a sensitivity of soil moisture and surface fluxes to this variability. During rain-free periods of two or more days, skin temperatures are shown to rise as the surface dries, signalling decreased evaporative fraction. Surface fluxes are further enhanced by relatively clear skies. In this study we use an atmospheric reanalysis to assess how this surface flux response across the TP influences local and remote conditions. Increased surface sensible heat flux induced by decreased soil moisture during a regional dry event leads to a deepening of the planetary boundary layer and the development of a heat low. Consistent with previous studies, heat low characteristics exhibit pronounced diurnal variability driven by anomalous daytime surface warming. For example, low-level horizontal winds are weakest during the afternoon and intensify overnight when boundary layer turbulence is minimal. The heat low favors an upper-tropospheric anticyclone that induces an upper-level Rossby wave and leads to negative upper-level temperature anomalies across southern China. The Rossby wave intensifies the upper-level cyclonic circulation across central China, while upper-level negative temperature anomalies across south China extend the west Pacific subtropical high westward. These circulation anomalies influence temperature and precipitation anomalies across much of China. The association between land–atmosphere interactions across the TP, large-scale atmospheric circulation characteristics, and precipitation in East Asia highlights the importance of intraseasonal soil moisture dynamics on the TP.
Examining Indigenous leadership in the academy: A methodological approach
Authors: Coates Stacey K , Trudgett Michelle , Page Susan
Published: November 2020

Formal Indigenous leadership within Australian universities has expanded significantly in the last decade. Given this advancement, understanding how to integrate Indigenous leadership into existing institutional governance structures is an area that requires investigation. Recognising the need to further examine Indigenous leadership in the higher education governance structure, the Walan Mayiny: Indigenous Leadership in Higher Education project commenced in 2018. This Australian Research Council funded project specifically aims to examine the roles and subsequent responsibilities of senior Indigenous appointments within the Australian higher education sector and senior Indigenous higher education roles across Canada, New Zealand and the United States. In doing so, it investigates the responsibilities, impacts, key advantages and barriers of senior Indigenous appointments within Australian universities from an Indigenous perspective. The article provides details of the theoretical framework and research methods adopted within the Walan Mayiny: Indigenous Leadership in Higher Education project. Preliminary findings and demographic information pertaining to the participants who have currently contributed to the study will be presented in order to help us gain a better understanding of the role and subsequent value of Indigenous leadership within the higher education sector.
Evaluating Asian Free Trade Agreements: What Does Gravity Model Tell Us?
Authors: Ramaswamy Sunder , Choutagunta Abishek , Sahu Santosh Kumar
Published: November 2020

This paper evaluates the performance of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) by analysing the determinants of trade flows of Asian economies for a panel of 31 countries during 2007–2014 using a Gravity model. The estimated results suggest that certain FTAs negatively contribute to trade flows across the region and, that GDP and population, among other factors, can explain total trade flows. This study also finds that trade costs using distance as a proxy has a significant and negative effect on trade. Our results are in-line with the expectations which can be drawn by looking at trends of trade flows in Asia. Thus, a case is attempted for smoothening trade-flows across the region by reducing tariff and non-tariff barriers, pumping in investments on transport infrastructure and improving productivity of the partners as a whole which has positive effects on GDP and thus trade.

JEL Codes: F13, F14, C23
Rikers Island: The Failure of a “Model” Penitentiary
Authors: Mooney Jayne , Shanahan Jarrod
Published: November 2020

New York City’s Rikers jail complex is gripped by a crisis of legitimacy. Following a series of investigations, it has been denounced as a major symbol of criminal justice dysfunction, with calls for its closure and replacement with new smaller “state of the art” jails. Yet, when it opened, Rikers was hailed as a “model” facility, at the cutting edge of prison design and prisoner rehabilitation. To elucidate the present situation, we provide a focus on the under-explored history of New York City’s penal institutions.
Pathways to Crime and Emerging Adulthood: Differences between Prison Inmates and Normative Young Adults in Israel
Authors: Shechory-Bitton Mally , Zohari Maayan
Published: November 2020

The current study evaluates differences between inmates and normative young male adults based on the Pathways to Crime model. Research findings support the model’s assumptions, showing that inmate characteristics are consistent with the Life-Course Persistent (LCP) pathway, while the characteristics of the non-inmates are mostly consistent with the abstainers’ pathway. This investigation makes a theoretical contribution, demonstrating the model’s suitability for distinguishing between crime pathways among emerging adults. Also, emphasis is placed on emerging adulthood as an intermediate period on the path to adulthood, which can affect the evolution of crime pathways among at-risk populations.
Preliminary study of weave pattern influence on microplastics from fabric laundering
Authors: Berruezo María , Bonet-Aracil Marilés , Montava Ignacio , Bou-Belda Eva , Díaz-García Pablo , Gisbert-Payá Jaime
Published: November 2020

Nature, including the oceans, is polluted by the presence of plastics. Different products can be found, including plastic bottles, toys, toothpaste tubes, fruit meshes, etc. Small pieces of plastics, known as microplastics, have been found in the oceans and there is concern that their impact is increasing. Some of those microplastics are considered to come from the textile products. In this article, the authors will suggest how to minimize the environmental problem of the presence of microplastics in wastewaters from textile laundries. The aim of this study is to determine the influence of some parameters related to the design of fabrics. A relationship between microplastic release and parameters from weave design will be established. A fiberglass filter was used to analyze water from the laundry. Results demonstrated that the interlacing coefficient influences the number of particles in the wastewaters. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the higher the density of yarns/cm in the fabric, the lower the quantity of fibers could be found in the wastewater. Results demonstrated that the presence of weave patterns, such as a plain pattern, work better from the sustainability point of view than a twill. The interlacing coefficient and the weft density are important to prevent the microplastic release.