bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional characterization of gene regulatory elements and neuropsychiatric disease-associated risk loci in iPSCs and iPSC-derived neurons
Authors: Yang Xiaoyu , Jones Ian R. , Chen Poshen B. , Yang Han , Ren Xingjie , Zheng Lina , Li Bin , Li Yang Eric , Sun Quan , Wen Jia , Beaman Cooper , Cui Xiekui , Li Yun , Wang Wei , Hu Ming , Ren Bing , Shen Yin
Published: August 2023

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified thousands of non-coding variants that contribute to psychiatric disease risks, likely by perturbingcis-regulatory elements (CREs). However, our ability to interpret and explore their mechanisms of action is hampered by a lack of annotation of functional CREs (fCREs) in neural cell types. Here, through genome-scale CRISPR screens of 22,000 candidate CREs (cCREs) in human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) undergoing differentiation to excitatory neurons, we identify 2,847 and 5,540 fCREs essential for iPSC fitness and neuronal differentiation, respectively. These fCREs display dynamic epigenomic features and exhibit increased numbers and genomic spans of chromatin interactions following terminal neuronal differentiation. Furthermore, fCREs essential for neuronal differentiation show significantly greater enrichment of genetic heritability for neurodevelopmental diseases including schizophrenia (SCZ), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) than cCREs. Using high-throughput prime editing screens we experimentally confirm 45 SCZ risk variants that act by affecting the function of fCREs. The extensive and in-depth functional annotation of cCREs in neuronal types therefore provides a crucial resource for interpreting non-coding risk variants of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Gene co-expression patterns in Atlantic salmon adipose tissue provide a molecular link among seasonal changes, energy balance and age at maturity
Authors: Ahi Ehsan Pashay , Verta Jukka-Pekka , Kurko Johanna , Ruokolainen Annukka , Singh Pooja , Debes Paul Vincent , Erkinaro Jaakko , Primmer Craig R.
Published: August 2023

Sexual maturation in many fishes requires a major physiological change that involves a rapid transition between energy storage and usage. In Atlantic salmon, this transition for the initiation of maturation is tightly controlled by seasonality and requires a high-energy status. Lipid metabolism is at the heart of this transition since lipids are the main energy storing molecules. The balance between lipogenesis (lipid accumulation) and lipolysis (lipid use) determines energy status transitions. A genomic region containing a transcription co-factor of the Hippo pathway,vgll3, is the main determinant of maturation timing in Atlantic salmon. Interestingly,vgll3acts as an inhibitor of adipogenesis in mice and its genotypes are potentially associated with seasonal heterochrony in lipid storage and usage in juvenile Atlantic salmon. Here, we explored changes in expression of more than 300 genes directly involved in the processes of adipogenesis, lipogenesis and lipolysis, as well as the Hippo pathway in the adipose tissue of immature and mature Atlantic salmon with distinctvgll3genotypes. We found molecular evidence consistent with a scenario in which immature males exhibitingvgll3genotype specific seasonal direction of change in their lipid profiles. We also identified components of the Hippo signaling pathway as potential major drivers ofvgll3genotype specific differences in adipose tissue gene expression. This study demonstrates the importance of adipose gene expression patterns for directly linking environmental changes with energy balance and age at maturity through genetic factors bridging lipid metabolism, seasonality and sexual maturation.
Exploring literary festivals in Ireland
Authors: McGuckin Mary
Published: August 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the origins and management of literary festivals in Ireland from the perspective of their founders or those involved in managing these festivals.

Design/methodology/approach

This qualitative research study explores six literary festivals across the island of Ireland. The research and data collection instruments include bibliographic research and a series of in-depth interviews with festival founders, directors and managers.

Findings

The festivals in this study have evolved from a range of origins and are strongly influenced by the artistic vision and strategic approach of their founders and/or directors. Generating adequate revenue remains a constant challenge for these festivals as they rely on three primary sources of funding, i.e. ticket sales, sponsorship and grant support. Volunteering at literary festivals provides an opportunity for increased community involvement, participation and a sense of co-creation. Building strong partnerships and positive stakeholder engagement is fundamental to successful festival support and funding, ensuring that festivals can deliver well-structured programmes that will attract a loyal and engaging audience.

Research limitations/implications

This exploratory research is limited to six literary festivals in Ireland and there is potential to extend this into a more comprehensive study.

Practical implications

This study provides insights into this increasingly popular festival sector and identifies practical strategies for developing and managing literary festivals and related events.

Originality/value

Even though literary festivals have proliferated in Ireland over the past twenty years, there is a dearth of academic research in this area. The research study focuses on literary festivals, primarily from a “supply” rather than “demand” perspective.
The effect of relational investments on supply chain quality integration: protection or constraint of legal bonds?
Authors: Akhtar Faheem , Wang Qianwen , Huo Baofeng
Published: August 2023

Purpose

This study examines the effect of relational investments (e.g. supplier involvement and commitment, customer involvement and commitment) on supply chain quality integration (e.g. supplier and customer quality integration), which leads to financial performance. Moreover, the authors explore the moderating effects of legal bonds on the relationship between relational investments and supply chain quality integration.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey study of manufacturing firms is presented to illustrate the conceptual model. The authors use the data from 213 manufacturing firms to test the hypotheses by structural equation modeling.

Findings

The results show that supplier and customer quality integration are positively related to financial performance. Supplier involvement and commitment are positively related to supplier quality integration. Customer involvement is positively related to customer quality integration, but customer commitment is not significantly related to customer quality integration. Additionally, on the supplier side, legal bonds negatively moderate the relationship between supplier involvement and supplier quality integration but positively moderate the relationship between supplier commitment and supplier quality integration. On the customer side, legal bonds do not moderate the relationship between customer involvement and customer quality integration, but negatively moderate the relationship between customer commitment and customer quality integration.

Originality/value

This study provides novel insights into supply chain quality management from relational perspectives, as well as the contingent role of legal bonds between them.
Effects of brodalumab on psoriasis and depressive symptoms in patients with insufficient response to TNF‐α inhibitors
Authors: Andersch‐Björkman Ylva , Micu Emanuela , Seifert Oliver , Lonne‐Rahm Sol‐Britt , Gillstedt Martin , Osmancevic Amra
Published: August 2023

The objective of this study was to evaluate emotions of depression and anxiety in psoriatic patients that due to insufficient response to tumor necrosis factor‐alpha inhibition (TNF‐α), underwent a treatment switch from TNF‐α to interleukin 17 inhibition using brodalumab. The Self‐rated Montgomery‐Asberg Depression Rating Scale and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were used to assess depression and anxiety. A total of 20 patients with psoriasis were enrolled in the study. They were monitored for a period of 3 months following the transition to brodalumab treatment. The results showed a significant improvement in both the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index as well as symptoms of depression; anxiety symptoms showed a reduction, though not statistically significant. Perhaps of more interest, the positive effects on depression and anxiety seem to be independent of the reduction in skin related psoriatic lesions. These findings highlight the importance of addressing depressive and anxiety symptoms, together with psoriasis severity and quality of life, when managing patients with psoriasis.
Fit by design: Developing seed–substrate combinations to adapt dike grasslands to microclimatic variation
Authors: Bauer Markus , Huber Jakob K. , Kollmann Johannes
Published: August 2023

Sowing is a well‐established restoration technique to overcome dispersal limitation. Seed mixtures adapted to certain environmental conditions, like substrate or microclimate, are most effective to achieve functional communities. This is especially important if the restored vegetation has to protect critical infrastructure like roadsides and dikes. Here, an improved seed–substrate combination will secure slope stability, make restorations more effective and generate species‐rich grasslands.

A full‐factorial field experiment addressed this topic on a dike at River Danube in SE Germany in 2018–2021. Within 288 plots, we tested three sand admixtures, two substrate depths, two seed densities and two seed mixture types (mesic hay meadow and semidry calcareous grassland) in north and south exposition and measured the recovery completeness by calculating the successional distance to reference sites, the persistence of sown species and the Favourable Conservation Status (FCS) of target species.

Overall, the sown vegetation developed in the desired direction, but a recovery debt remained after 4 years, and some plots still showed similarities to negative references from ruderal sites. In north exposition, hay meadow seed mixtures developed closer to their reference communities than dry grassland mixtures to their reference.

In south exposition, the sown communities established poorly, which might be due to a severe drought during establishment. This initial negative effect remained over the entire observation period.

Sand admixture had a slightly positive effect on target variables, while the tested substrate depths, seed densities and seed mixture types had no effects on species persistence or FCS.

Synthesis and applications: Site‐adapted seed mixtures make restoration more effective, while applying several seed–substrate combinations might foster beta diversity. Furthermore, additional management efforts are recommended, as they might be necessary to reduce the recovery debt, as well as re‐sowing after unfavourable conditions like droughts.
A network meta‐analysis of association between cardiometabolic risk factors and COVID‐19 outcome severity
Authors: Li Alina Binbin , Yang Bo , Li Yufei , Huynh Rachel , Shim Samuel , Lo Kenneth , Li Jie , Zullo Andrew , Wu Wen‐Chih , Liu Simin
Published: August 2023

Background

Cardiometabolic comorbidities have been associated with a higher risk of COVID‐19 severity and mortality, but more investigations are needed to determine which comorbidity is more detrimental.

Methods

Embase, Emcare, and MEDLINE were searched systematically for prospective and retrospective studies assessing the associations of cardiometabolic risk factors and COVID‐19 outcomes of hospitalization, severity, and mortality among COVID‐19‐diagnosed patients. Literature search was performed from first publication to May 19, 2021. Study quality was assessed by the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale.

Results

From the literature search, 301 studies suggested that all included cardiometabolic risk factors were associated with a higher risk of COVID‐19 hospitalization, severity, and mortality, except that overweight was associated with a decreased risk of mortality (relative risk [RR] 0.88; 95% CI, 0.80–0.98). Patients with diabetes (RR 1.46; 95% CI, 1.45–1.47) were most likely to be hospitalized; patients with heart failure had the highest risk for severe COVID‐19 outcomes (RR 1.89; 95% CI, 1.71–2.09); while patients with stroke were most susceptible to overall mortality (RR 1.99; 95% CI, 1.90–2.08). In the network meta‐analysis, cerebrovascular disease had the highest impact (RR 1.69; 95% CI, 1.65–1.73) on COVID‐19 outcomes compared to other cardiometabolic risk factors. For different combinations of risk factors, cardiovascular disease and diabetes combined (RR 6.98; 95% CI, 5.28–9.22) was more detrimental than others.

Conclusions

Considering the high prevalence of cardiometabolic comorbidities and risk of all severe outcomes, patients with cardiometabolic comorbidities should be prioritized in vaccination and treatment development of COVID‐19.
Trust, lies, and inequality
Authors: Du Ninghua , Gui Shan , Houser Daniel
Published: August 2023

The effect of endowment equality on trust may stem from outcome inequality aversion or changes in expected trustworthiness. Here, we measure trust as the expectation of honesty in a sender‐receiver game, where participants must make trust decisions without knowing the outcome. Our design enables us to isolate the effect of initial endowment inequality on trust. Our results show that endowment inequality reduces trust regardless of whether it favors the sender or the receiver. We further find that the frequency of lies is insensitive to endowment inequality. Our results amplify the importance of equal starting positions in promoting trust.
A X‐linked nonsense APOO/MIC26 variant causes a lethal mitochondrial disease with progeria‐like phenotypes
Authors: Peifer‐Weiß Leon , Kurban Mazen , David Céline , Lubeck Melissa , Kondadi Arun Kumar , Nemer Georges , Reichert Andreas S. , Anand Ruchika
Published: August 2023

APOO/MIC26 is a subunit of the MICOS complex required for mitochondrial cristae morphology and function. Here, we report a novel variant of the APOO/MIC26 gene that causes a severe mitochondrial disease with overall progeria‐like phenotypes in two patients. Both patients developed partial agenesis of the corpus callosum, bilateral congenital cataract, hypothyroidism, and severe immune deficiencies. The patients died at an early age of 12 or 18 months. Exome sequencing revealed a mutation (NM_024122.5): c.532G>T (p.E178*) in the APOO/MIC26 gene that causes a nonsense mutation leading to the loss of 20 C‐terminal amino acids. This mutation resulted in a highly unstable and degradation prone MIC26 protein, yet the remaining minute amounts of mutant MIC26 correctly localized to mitochondria and interacted physically with other MICOS subunits. MIC26 KO cells expressing MIC26 harboring the respective APOO/MIC26 mutation showed mitochondria with perturbed cristae architecture and fragmented morphology resembling MIC26 KO cells. We conclude that the novel mutation found in the APOO/MIC26 gene is a loss‐of‐function mutation impairing mitochondrial morphology and cristae morphogenesis.
Assessment of predictive factors associated with the technical difficulty of endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Japanese multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshinobu , Yoshizaki Tetsuya , Kushida Saeko , Tanaka Shinwa , Ose Takayuki , Ishida Tsukasa , Kitamura Yasuaki , Sako Tomoya , Iwatate Mineo , Ikeda Atsushi , Ariyoshi Ryusuke , Kawara Fumiaki , Abe Hirofumi , Takao Toshitatsu , Morita Yoshinori , Sano Yasushi , Umegaki Eiji , Nishisaki Hogara , Toyonaga Takashi , Kodama Yuzo
Published: August 2023

Objectives

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is performed for the treatment of lesions with varied backgrounds and factors. However, the predictive factors associated with the technical difficulty of ESD remain unknown in patients with varied lesions. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the predictive factors associated with the technical difficulty of ESD for ESCC using a retrospective cohort.

Methods

This multicenter, retrospective study was conducted in 10 hospitals in Japan. Consecutive patients who underwent esophageal ESD between January 2013 and December 2019 were enrolled. Lesions of subepithelial tumors, adenocarcinoma, and adenoma were excluded. Difficult lesions were defined as ESD requiring a long procedure time (≥120 min), perforation development, piecemeal resection, or discontinued ESD. In the present study, the clinical factors were assessed to identify the technical difficulty of ESD using univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

Among 1708 lesions treated with esophageal ESD, eight subepithelial tumors, 44 adenocarcinomas, and two adenomas were excluded. Finally, 1505 patients with 1654 lesions were analyzed, and 217 patients with 217 lesions (13.1%) were classified as patients with difficult lesions. In multivariate analysis, the predictive factors associated with the technical difficulty of ESD were as follows: tumors with varices, tumors with diverticulum, antiplatelet use (discontinued), circumference of tumor (≥1/2), preoperative tumor size ≥30 mm, trainee, and nonhigh‐volume center.

Conclusion

This multicenter retrospective study identified the predictive factors associated with the technical difficulty of ESD for ESCC with varied backgrounds and factors.
Pandemic exposure and long‐run psychological well‐being
Authors: Ma Chao , Li Yiwei , Jiang Wenxin , Zhang Xing
Published: August 2023

Using individuals' life history information from a large‐scale national survey (N = 13,044), we causally evaluate how exposure to SARS‐Cov‐1, the first global pandemic in the 21st century, affects long‐term psychological well‐being. We find that exposure to local pandemic risk, that is, local deaths due to the pandemic, significantly reduced people's mental health 12 years later. Consistent with the belief‐based account of depression, exposure to pandemic risk resulted in more pessimistic beliefs about the future and survival probability. People reduced savings and increased hedonic consumption, suggesting a “carpe diem” effect of the pandemic exposure.
Acceptability and utility of digital well‐being and mental health support for university students: A pilot study
Authors: Pankow Kurtis , King Nathan , Li Melanie , Byun Jin , Jugoon Liam , Rivera Daniel , Dimitropoulos Gina , Patten Scott , Kingslake Jonathan , Keown‐Stoneman Charles , Duffy Anne
Published: August 2023

Aim

To assess the acceptability and explore the utility of a novel digital platform designed as a student‐facing well‐being and mental health support.

Methods

An adapted version of i‐spero® was piloted as a student‐facing well‐being support and as part of routine university‐based mental health care. In both pathways, student participants completed baseline demographics and brief validated measures of well‐being and mental health. Weekly measures of anxiety (GAD‐7) and depression (PHQ‐9) and a Week 8 Experience Survey were also scheduled. Integrated mixed methods analysis was used to assess acceptability and explore the utility of these platforms.

Results

Students in the well‐being (n = 120) and care pathways (n = 121) were mostly female and between 19 and 22 years of age. Baseline screen positive rates for anxiety and depression were high in both the well‐being (68%) and care pathways (80%). There was a substantial drop in adherence over Week 1 (50% well‐being; 40% care) followed by minor attrition up to Week 8. Anxiety and depressive symptom levels improved from baseline in students who dropped out after Week 1 (p ≤ .06). The student experience was that i‐spero® improved their emotional self‐awareness, understanding of progress in care, and knowledge about when to seek help. Most students agreed (>75%) that i‐spero® should form part of regular university student wellness support.

Conclusions

Digital well‐being and mental health support seems acceptable to university students; however, engagement and persistence are areas for further development. Such digital tools could make a positive contribution to an evidence‐based stepped approach to student well‐being and mental health support.
Validity and reliability of the Spanish version of the consultation and relational empathy measure in dental students (Sp‐Dent‐CARE): A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Sánchez‐Torres Alba , Camps‐Font Octavi , Figueiredo Rui , Valmaseda‐Castellón Eduard
Published: August 2023

Introduction

An evaluation was made of the psychometric properties of a Spanish version of the Consultation and Relational Empathy Measure (CARE) to assess relational empathy in undergraduate dental students. In addition, the influence of demographic, socio‐economic and consultation‐related factors upon the degree of perceived empathy and overall satisfaction was studied.

Materials and Methods

A cross‐sectional study was carried out in patients seen in the Oral Surgery Unit by fourth year dental students. Dentists, specialized translators and psychologists developed the translation of the questionnaire. After a pilot test, a convenience sample of patients was included. Construct validity was tested by factor analysis using principal component analysis with varimax rotation and Kaiser standardization, and internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's α.

Results

Two pilot tests were carried out with a panel of experts until the final version of the questionnaire was established. In the validation stage, 191 patients participated (92 men and 99 women), with a mean age of 52.5 ± 17 years. The mean score of the CARE measure was 47.2 ± 4.4, and 57.6% of the patients (n = 110) reported the maximum score on the questionnaire. The final version showed a 1‐factor solution explaining 68.6% of the total variance, with excellent final internal consistency (α = 93.4%).

Conclusion

The Spanish version of the CARE measure affords high reliability and validity in assessing relational empathy in dental students. Perceived empathy is related to overall satisfaction. Patient demographics and the number of visits do not influence perceived empathy.
Effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) current direction and pulse waveform on cortico‐cortical connectivity: A registered report TMS‐EEG study
Authors: Guidali Giacomo , Zazio Agnese , Lucarelli Delia , Marcantoni Eleonora , Stango Antonietta , Barchiesi Guido , Bortoletto Marta
Published: August 2023

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)‐evoked potentials (TEPs) are a promising proxy for measuring effective connectivity, that is, the directed transmission of physiological signals along cortico‐cortical tracts, and for developing connectivity‐based biomarkers. A crucial point is how stimulation parameters may affect TEPs, as they may contribute to the general variability of findings across studies. Here, we manipulated two TMS parameters (i.e. current direction and pulse waveform) while measuring (a) an early TEP component reflecting contralateral inhibition of motor areas, namely, M1‐P15, as an operative model of interhemispheric cortico‐cortical connectivity, and (b) motor‐evoked potentials (MEP) for the corticospinal pathway. Our results showed that these two TMS parameters are crucial to evoke the M1‐P15, influencing its amplitude, latency, and replicability. Specifically, (a) M1‐P15 amplitude was strongly affected by current direction in monophasic stimulation; (b) M1‐P15 latency was significantly modulated by current direction for monophasic and biphasic pulses. The replicability of M1‐P15 was substantial for the same stimulation condition. At the same time, it was poor when stimulation parameters were changed, suggesting that these factors must be controlled to obtain stable single‐subject measures. Finally, MEP latency was modulated by current direction, whereas non‐statistically significant changes were evident for amplitude. Overall, our study highlights the importance of TMS parameters for early TEP responses recording and suggests controlling their impact in developing connectivity biomarkers from TEPs. Moreover, these results point out that the excitability of the corticospinal tract, which is commonly used as a reference to set TMS intensity, may not correspond to the excitability of cortico‐cortical pathways.
A conflict escalation comparison: Couples from the general population and couples engaged in high‐intensity conflict
Authors: Sowan Wafaa
Published: August 2023

Objective

The purpose of the present study was to test a model that examines the characteristics of the escalation process among heterosexual couples. It also examined how women's use of verbal and physical violence is associated with a sense of danger in men.

Background

The prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) is a critical concern for public health. IPV has serious physical and mental health consequences on the victim.

Methods

Participants were 165 women. The first subsample (n = 70, 42.42%) comprised women from the general population, and the second (n = 95, 57.57%) was composed of women living in relationships characterized by high‐intensity conflict (research population). Structural equation modeling was performed to assess the hypothesized model and to test the research hypotheses.

Results

Analysis indicates that the use of violence (verbal and/or physical) by one partner was positively correlated to the use of violence by the other partner. The analysis also shows that the woman's use of violence positively affects the man's sense of danger only for couples from the general population. Finally, the man's sense of danger is related to his violence toward the woman.

Conclusion

In a high‐conflict relationship, violence is less reciprocal but escalates more easily, whereas in the general population, violence is more reciprocal but more moderate. In addition, emotions are an essential component of marital conflict and influence the development and management of conflict. Emotional components, such as a sense of danger, may be a risk factor in the escalation of conflict to violence.
Potentiating‐antibiotic activity and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity properties (ADMET) analysis of synthetic thiadiazines against multi‐drug resistant (MDR) strains
Authors: de Araújo Ana Carolina Justino , Freitas Priscilla Ramos , Araújo Isaac Moura , Siqueira Gustavo Miguel , de Oliveira Borges João Arthur , Alves Daniel Sampaio , Miranda Gustavo Marinho , dos Santos Nascimento Igor José , de Araújo‐Júnior João Xavier , da Silva‐Júnior Edeildo Ferreira , de Aquino Thiago Mendonça , Junior Francisco Jaime Bezerra Mendonça , Marinho Emmanuel Silva , dos Santos Helcio Silva , Tintino Saulo Relison , Coutinho Henrique Douglas Melo
Published: August 2023

Background

Thiadiazines are heterocyclic compounds that contain two nitrogen atoms and one sulfur atom in their structure. These synthetic molecules have several relevant pharmacological activities, such as antifungal, antibacterial, and antiparasitic.

Objectives

The present study aimed to evaluate the possible in vitro and in silico interactions of compounds derived from thiadiazines.

Methods

The compounds were initially synthesized, purified, and confirmed through HPLC methodology. Multi‐drug resistant bacterial strains of Staphylococcus aureus 10 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 24 were used to evaluate the direct and modifying antibiotic activity of thiadiazine derivatives. ADMET assays (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) were conducted, which evaluated the influence of the compounds against thousands of macromolecules considered as bioactive targets.

Results

There were modifications in the chemical synthesis in carbon 4 or 3 in one of the aromatic rings of the structure where different ions were added, ensuring a variability of products. It was possible to observe results that indicate the possibility of these compounds acting through the cyclooxygenase 2 mechanism, which, in addition to being involved in inflammatory responses, also acts by helping sodium reabsorption. The amine group present in thiadiazine analogs confers hydrophilic characteristics to the substances, but this primary characteristic has been altered due to alterations and insertions of other ligands. The characteristics of the analogs generally allow easy intestinal absorption, reduce possible hepatic toxic effects, and enable possible neurological and anti‐inflammatory action. The antibacterial activity tests showed a slight direct action, mainly of the IJ23 analog. Some compounds were able to modify the action of the antibiotics gentamicin and norfloxacin against multi‐drug resistant strains, indicating a possible synergistic action.

Conclusions

Among all the results obtained in the study, the relevance of thiadiazine analogs as possible coadjuvant drugs in the antibacterial, anti‐inflammatory, and neurological action with low toxicity is clear. Need for further studies to verify these effects in living organisms is not ruled out.
Daidara: A gigantic Gypsy LTR retrotransposon lineage in the springtail Allacma fusca genome
Authors: Kojima Kenji K.
Published: August 2023

Long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons are the major contributor to genome size expansion, as in the cases of the maize genome or the axolotl genome. Despite their impact on the genome size, the length of each retrotransposon is limited, compared to DNA transposons, which sometimes exceed over 100 kb. The longest LTR retrotransposon known to date is Burro‐1 from the planarian Schmidtea medierranea, which is around 35.7 kb long. Here through bioinformatics analysis, a new lineage of gigantic LTR retrotransposons, designated Daidara, is reported from the springtail Allacma fusca genome. Their entire length (25–33 kb) rivals Burro families, while their LTRs are shorter than 1.5 kb, in contrast to other gigantic LTR retrotransposon lineages Burro and Ogre, whose LTRs are around 5 kb long. Daidara encodes three core proteins corresponding to gag, pol, and an additional protein of unknown function. The phylogenetic analysis supports the independent gigantification of Daidara from Burro or Ogre.
Effect on BN interphase thickness upon SiCnws@BN/HfC coating performance under impact and ablation environment
Authors: Tong Mingde , Fu Qiangang , Feng Tao , Dai Ying , Hou Wanbo , He Pengfei
Published: August 2023

To inhibit the negative influence of impact on ablation performance of HfC coating reinforced by SiC nanowires (SiCnws/HfC coatings), BN interphases were fabricated and introduced into SiCnws/HfC coatings by chemical vapor deposition. The effect on BN interphase thickness upon SiCnws@BN/HfC coatings performance under impact‐ablation environment was investigated. The interphase thickness was adjusted by changing the deposition time of BN. Impact and ablation tests were carried out by drop hammer and oxyacetylene ablation devices. Among the prepared coatings, the one with 150 ± 20 nm thickness interphase possessed a good performance under impact test, of which the crack propagation path exhibited a significant deflection. After ablation, the coating could still maintain intact surface, because the interphase thickness of 150 ± 20 nm was appropriate to ensure the toughness of the coating and to avoid the porous structure formation.
From Detractors to Promoters: A comparative analysis of patient experience drivers across Net Promoter Score subcategories
Authors: Adams Corey , Harrison Reema , Iqbal Maha Pervaz , Schembri Anthony , Walpola Ramesh
Published: August 2023

Background

The utilization of patient experience surveying by health care institutions has become increasingly prevalent, yet its effectiveness in promoting quality improvement remains uncertain. To enhance the utility of patient feedback, the examination of free‐text comments may provide valuable insights to guide patient experience strategy.

Aims

This study aims to explore the utility of free‐text comments and identify key differences for patient experience drivers between Net Promoter Score (NPS) subcategories of Detractors, Passives, and Promoters.

Methods

Evaluation and classification of comments was conducted using the eight Picker Principles of Person Centred Care, with descriptive analysis of patient comments performed on the NPS data.

Results

Analysis of patient NPS comments can be classified into three key drivers: “feeling well‐treated” (for Detractors), “feeling comfortable” (for Passives), and “feeling valued” (for Promoters). Specifically, Detractor comments provided the most comprehensive and detailed feedback to guide patient experience improvement activities.

Conclusion

This study highlights differences between NPS subcategories, particularly regarding aspects of safety, comfort, and feeling valued. Comments from Detractor respondents may be especially useful for guiding quality improvements due to increased specificity and insights. These results also emphasize the essential nature of empathy and compassionate interactions between patients and clinicians to achieve the highest level of patient satisfaction and experience.
Impact of spinal Anaesthesia versus general Anaesthesia on the incidence of surgical site infections after knee or hip arthroplasty: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Zhizhuo , Xu Xingquan , Zhuang Zaikai , Lu Jun , Gao Fuqiang , Jiang Qing
Published: August 2023

Postoperative Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) pose significant challenges to recovery after joint arthroplasty. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aim to compare the incidence of SSIs after knee or hip arthroplasty under Spinal Anaesthesia (SA) versus general anaesthesia (GA). We conducted the systematic review and meta‐analysis following the PRISMA guidelines, analysing data from 15 studies selected from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to May 16, 2023. The analysis included studies comparing SSIs incidence in patients aged 18 years and above who underwent knee or hip arthroplasty under SA or GA. Quality assessment was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool. The effect size was calculated using random or fixed‐effects models based on the observed heterogeneity. We assessed the heterogeneity between studies and conducted a sensitivity analysis. Of 1651 initially identified studies, 15 articles encompassing 353 169 patients were included in the final analysis. A total of 156 405 patients were under SA, while 196 764 received GA. The studies demonstrated substantial heterogeneity (p = 0.007, I2 = 53.7%), resulting in a random‐effects model being employed. Patients receiving SA showed a 23% lower likelihood of developing SSIs postoperatively compared to GA patients (OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.70–0.86, p < 0.001). Sub‐group analysis further confirmed these findings regardless of the type of joint arthroplasty. This meta‐analysis indicated a significantly lower incidence of SSIs following knee or hip arthroplasty under SA compared to GA. Despite observed heterogeneity, the results underscore the potential benefit of SA over GA in orthopaedic surgeries to reduce the risk of SSIs.
Die beruhigende Wirkung der Partner‐Nähe bei der monogamen Garnele Hymenocera picta
Authors: Seibt Uta
Published: August 2023

Einzeln sitzende Individuen der normalerweise in Paaren lebenden Garnele Hymenocera picta zeigen eine doppelt so hohe allgemeine Aktivität als nahe beim Partner sitzende.

Das Aufsuchen der Partners, an dem man die Paarbindung erkennt, wird als Appetenzverhalten nach dem vom Partner vermittelten Ruhezustand gedeutet. Der Zusammenhang zwischen unspezifischer Aktivierung, Appetenzverhalten und Stress wird erörtert.
Microstructure, dielectric, and piezoelectric properties of BiFeO3–SrTiO3 lead‐free ceramics
Authors: Wang Shenghao , Liu Hongbo , Wang Yuanyuan , Qin Hailan , Zhao Jianwei , Lu Zhilun , Mao Zhu , Wang Dawei
Published: August 2023

BiFeO3–SrTiO3 (BF–ST) ceramics have been considered a novel class of lead‐free dielectric materials exhibiting notable dielectric constants and remarkable thermal stability. In this work, we fabricated a series of (1 − x)BF–xST (0.32 ≤ x ≤ 0.44) ceramics near the morphotropic phase boundary and comprehensively investigated their microstructure and electrical properties, which seeks to optimize the piezoelectric performance. As the ST content increases, a gradual reduction in the rhombohedral phase fraction is observed alongside a corresponding increase in the cubic phase fraction. Although x = 0.38, the maximum grain size of 5.66 μm is obtained, accompanied by a distinctive heterogeneous core–shell microstructure, which demonstrates a high remanent polarization of 51.2 μC/cm2 and a maximum d33 value of 72 pC/N. Furthermore, impedance spectroscopy analysis reveals the formation of a conductive core and a nonconductive shell within the sample. These findings highlight the potential of optimized BF–ST ceramics as promising alternatives to lead‐based piezoelectric materials, offering exceptional ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties.
Microstructure and mechanical property of thick Cu/AlN joints formed at low temperature
Authors: Chen Shu , Xu Zhiwu , Ma Zhongwei , Li Zhengwei , Yan Jiuchun
Published: August 2023

The bonding of thick Cu and AlN is necessary in power modules with the development of high‐frequency communication technology. In this work, 2 mm‐thick Cu was successfully bonded with AlN by using Sn9Zn solder with the assistance of ultrasonication at 230°C. Results showed that an AlN/Sn9Zn/Cu joint without crack was manufactured with a cooling rate of 7°C/min. Nonreactive wetting was realized between AlN and Sn9Zn, forming an amorphous transition layer. CuZn2 and CuZn were formed at the Sn9Zn/Cu interface. A joint with the highest bonding strength of 30.07 MPa was obtained, in which the AlN/Sn9Zn interface was no longer the weakest location. This work provides a low‐temperature manufacturing method for thick Cu/AlN joints.
Hard piezoelectric properties of lead‐free BiFeO3–BaTiO3 ceramics
Authors: Lee Myang Hwan , Choi Hae In , Kim Da Jeong , Kim Ji Su , Song Tae Kwon
Published: August 2023

Hard piezoelectric properties are investigated in lead‐free BiFeO3–BaTiO3 (BF–BT) ceramics. Rhombohedral (R) phase ceramics of (1 – x)BF–xBT (x = 0.20–0.30) were prepared using a conventional solid‐state reaction and water‐quenching process. The R structure is observed in x = 0.20–0.275, and the R and tetragonal phases coexist at x = 0.30. The piezoelectric charge sensor coefficient (d33) and electromechanical planar coupling factor (kp) increase with increasing BT content, whereas the mechanical quality factor (Qm) decreases. The x = 0.20 ceramic shows the best hard piezoelectric properties: the highest Qm = 403 and the highest TC = 607°C. In contrast, x = 0.30 ceramic shows soft piezoelectric properties: d33 = 301 pC/N and kp = 0.33 with TC = 510°C. These results show that the BF–BT system in R‐phase‐rich region has good hard piezoelectric properties for transducer applications.
Where less is more: Limited feedback in formative online multiple‐choice tests improves student self‐regulation
Authors: Say Richard , Visentin Denis , Saunders Annette , Atherton Iain , Carr Andrea , King Carolyn
Published: August 2023

Background

Formative online multiple‐choice tests are ubiquitous in higher education and potentially powerful learning tools. However, commonly used feedback approaches in online multiple‐choice tests can discourage meaningful engagement and enable strategies, such as trial‐and‐error, that circumvent intended learning outcomes. These strategies will not prepare graduates as self‐regulated learners, nor for the complexities of contemporary work settings.

Objectives

To investigate whether providing only a score after formative online multiple‐choice test attempts (score‐only feedback) increases the likelihood of students to engage in self‐regulated learning compared with more directive feedback. Measurable outcomes included deeper learning, collaboration, information seeking, and satisfaction.

Methods

Data in this mixed methods study were collected from nursing students through surveys, test results, focus groups, and student discussion board contributions. A quasi‐experimental design was used for quantitative data, and qualitative data were analysed thematically against domains of self‐regulated learning.

Results and Conclusions

Students receiving score‐only feedback were more cognitively engaged with the content, collaborated constructively, and sought out richer sources of information. However, it was also associated with lower satisfaction. In this study, minimal feedback created states of uncertainty, which resulted in the activation of self‐regulatory actions.

Implications for Practice

Providing overly directive feedback for formative online multiple‐choice tests is conducive to surface‐level learning strategies. By minimising feedback and allowing for extended states of uncertainty, students are more likely to regulate their learning through self‐assessment and problem‐solving strategies, all of which are required by graduates to meet the challenges of real‐world work settings.
Sialic acid biosynthesis pathway blockade disturbs neuronal network formation in human iPSC‐derived excitatory neurons
Authors: Mijdam Rachel , Bijnagte‐Schoenmaker Chantal , Dyke Emma , Moons Sam J. , Boltje Thomas J. , Nadif Kasri Nael , Lefeber Dirk J.
Published: August 2023

N‐acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid) is present in large quantities in the brain and plays a crucial role in brain development, learning, and memory formation. How sialic acid contributes to brain development is not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of reduced sialylation on network formation in human iPSC‐derived neurons (iNeurons). Using targeted mass spectrometry and antibody binding, we observed an increase in free sialic acid and polysialic acid during neuronal development, which was disrupted by treatment of iNeurons with a synthetic inhibitor of sialic acid biosynthesis. Sialic acid inhibition disturbed synapse formation and network formation on microelectrode array (MEA), showing short but frequent (network) bursts and an overall lower firing rate, and higher percentage of random spikes. This study shows that sialic acid is necessary for neuronal network formation during human neuronal development and provides a physiologically relevant model to study the role of sialic acid in patient‐derived iNeurons.

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The efficacy of the combination of topical minoxidil and oral spironolactone compared with the combination of topical minoxidil and oral finasteride in women with androgenic alopecia, female and male hair loss patterns: A blinded randomized clinical trial
Authors: Sadeghzadeh Bazargan Afsaneh , Tavana Zeynab , Dehghani Abbas , Jafarzadeh Alireza , Tabavar Anahita , Alavi Rad Ehsan , Goodarzi Azadeh
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is the most common cause of hair loss in women, affecting their quality of life. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the combined effect of topical minoxidil and oral spironolactone with the combined effect of topical minoxidil and oral finasteride in women with AGA, female and male hair loss patterns.

Method

This clinical study was performed on 60 women suffering from AGA. The patients were divided into two groups receiving spironolactone 100 mg/day and finasteride 5 mg/day. In addition, a 2% minoxidil solution was used in all patients in addition to treatment with finasteride or spironolactone. At 2 months after initiation and at the end of treatment, patients were evaluated using the Ludwig/Norwood–Hamilton scale and the degree of physician and patient satisfaction.

Results

After 2 months, hair density, hair thickness, and hair loss had improved in both groups; however, statistically, there was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to these parameters (p > 0.05). After 4 months, a significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of treatment response (physician satisfaction), hair density, and hair loss severity. So that, the drugs used were ineffective in 6.7% of cases in the minoxidil‐spironolactone group and in 16.7% of cases in the minoxidil‐finasteride group. In addition, 43.3% of cases in the minoxidil‐spironolactone group and 53% in the minoxidil‐finasteride group responded well to treatment. The treatment effect was excellent in 56.7% and 0% of the mentioned groups, respectively, and the mentioned difference was statistically significant (p: 0.01). The response to treatment in female pattern hair loss (FPHL) was not statistically significant (p: 0.52), but there was a significant difference in the response to both treatments in male pattern hair loss (MPHL; p: 0.007). In terms of patient satisfaction, minoxidil‐spironolactone treatment was significantly better than minoxidil‐finasteride regarding hair density and severity of hair loss (p: 0.01). Finally, in terms of treatment complications, the patients in two groups did not have any serious adverse effects.

Conclusion

The combination of minoxidil and spironolactone could be considered a more effective treatment than the combination of minoxidil and finasteride in women with AGA, FPHL, and MPHL.
Religious Service Attendance and Religious and Secular Organizational Engagement in the United Kingdom
Authors: Son Joonmo
Published: August 2023

The study uses nationally representative data to examine whether the moral freighting Putnam and Campbell (2010) propose, based on American experiences, may apply to overall British society. Specifically, it tests whether religious service attendance increases religious or secular organizational activities, possibly due to moral freighting that encourages religious congregants to practice their faith, transcending ego boundaries and self‐interest. It is also necessary to determine if engagement in religious or secular organizational activities elevates the degree of religious service attendance, thus forming a bidirectional association. The study employs the maximum likelihood‐structural equation modeling (ML‐SEM) method to verify the proposed reciprocity. The empirical tests confirm that a synergistic reciprocal relationship is established between religious service attendance and religious organizational engagement, and that religious service attendance increases secular organizational engagement. However, secular organizational engagement does not make a bidirectional contribution to religious service attendance.