bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cryo-EM structure of coronavirus-HKU1 haemagglutinin esterase reveals architectural changes arising from prolonged circulation in humans
Authors: Hurdiss Daniel L. , Drulyte Ieva , Lang Yifei , Shamorkina Tatiana M. , Pronker Matti F. , van Kuppeveld Frank J. M. , Snijder Joost , de Groot Raoul J.
Published: September 2020

The human betacoronaviruses HKU1 and OC43 (subgenus Embecovirus) arose from separate zoonotic introductions, OC43 relatively recently and HKU1 apparently much longer ago. Embecovirus particles contain two surface projections called spike (S) and haemagglutinin-esterase (HE), with S mediating receptor binding and membrane fusion, and HE acting as a receptor-destroying enzyme. Together, they promote dynamic virion attachment to glycan-based receptors, specifically 9-O-acetylated sialic acid. Here we present the cryo-EM structure of the ~80 kDa, heavily glycosylated HKU1 HE at 3.4 Å resolution. Comparison with existing HE structures reveals a drastically truncated lectin domain, incompatible with sialic acid binding, but with the structure and function of the esterase domain left intact. Cryo-EM and mass spectrometry analysis reveals a putative glycan shield on the now redundant lectin domain. The findings further our insight into the evolution and host adaptation of human embecoviruses, and demonstrate the utility of cryo-EM for studying small, heavily glycosylated proteins.
Translational induction of ATF4 during integrated stress response requires noncanonical initiation factors eIF2D and DENR
Authors: Vasudevan Deepika , Neuman Sarah D. , Yang Amy , Lough Lea , Brown Brian , Bashirullah Arash , Cardozo Timothy , Ryoo Hyung Don
Published: September 2020

The Integrated Stress Response (ISR) helps metazoan cells adapt to cellular stress by limiting the availability of initiator methionyl-tRNA for translation. Such limiting conditions paradoxically stimulate the translation of ATF4 mRNA through a regulatory 5′ leader sequence with multiple upstream Open Reading Frames (uORFs), thereby activating stress-responsive gene expression. Here, we report the identification of two critical regulators of such ATF4 induction, the noncanonical initiation factors eIF2D and DENR. Loss of eIF2D and DENR in Drosophila results in increased vulnerability to amino acid deprivation, susceptibility to retinal degeneration caused by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and developmental defects similar to ATF4 mutants. eIF2D requires its RNA-binding motif for regulation of 5′ leader-mediated ATF4 translation. Consistently, eIF2D and DENR deficient human cells show impaired ATF4 protein induction in response to ER stress. Altogether, our findings indicate that eIF2D and DENR are critical mediators of ATF4 translational induction and stress responses in vivo.
Simultaneous polydirectional transport of colloidal bipeds
Authors: Mirzaee-Kakhki Mahla , Ernst Adrian , de las Heras Daniel , Urbaniak Maciej , Stobiecki Feliks , Gördes Jendrik , Reginka Meike , Ehresmann Arno , Fischer Thomas M.
Published: September 2020

Detailed control over the motion of colloidal particles is relevant in many applications in colloidal science such as lab-on-a-chip devices. Here, we use an external magnetic field to assemble paramagnetic colloidal spheres into colloidal rods of several lengths. The rods reside above a square magnetic pattern and are transported via modulation of the direction of the external magnetic field. The rods behave like bipeds walking above the pattern. Depending on their length, the bipeds perform topologically distinct classes of protected walks. We design parallel polydirectional modulation loops of the external field that command up to six classes of bipeds to walk on distinct predesigned paths. Using such loops, we induce the collision of reactant bipeds, their polymerization addition reaction to larger bipeds, the separation of product bipeds from the educts, the sorting of different product bipeds, and also the parallel writing of a word consisting of several letters. Our ideas and methodology might be transferred to other systems for which topological protection is at work.
Wide range zero-thermal-quenching ultralong phosphorescence from zero-dimensional metal halide hybrids
Authors: Liu Shuya , Fang Xiaoyu , Lu Bo , Yan Dongpeng
Published: September 2020

Materials with ultralong phosphorescence have wide-ranging application prospects in biological imaging, light-emitting devices, and anti-counterfeiting. Usually, molecular phosphorescence is significantly quenched with increasing temperature, rendering it difficult to achieve high-efficiency and ultralong room temperature phosphorescence. Herein, we spearhead this challenging effort to design thermal-quenching resistant phosphorescent materials based on an effective intermediate energy buffer and energy transfer route. Co-crystallized assembly of zero-dimensional metal halide organic-inorganic hybrids enables ultralong room temperature phosphorescence of (Ph4P)2Cd2Br6 that maintains luminescent stability across a wide temperature range from 100 to 320 K (ΔT = 220 °C) with the room temperature phosphorescence quantum yield of 62.79% and lifetime of 37.85 ms, which exceeds those of other state-of-the-art systems. Therefore, this work not only describes a design for thermal-quenching-resistant luminescent materials with high efficiency, but also demonstrates an effective way to obtain intelligent systems with long-lasting room temperature phosphorescence for optical storage and logic compilation applications.
Sequence specificity analysis of the SETD2 protein lysine methyltransferase and discovery of a SETD2 super-substrate
Authors: Schuhmacher Maren Kirstin , Beldar Serap , Khella Mina S. , Bröhm Alexander , Ludwig Jan , Tempel Wolfram , Weirich Sara , Min Jinrong , Jeltsch Albert
Published: September 2020

SETD2 catalyzes methylation at lysine 36 of histone H3 and it has many disease connections. We investigated the substrate sequence specificity of SETD2 and identified nine additional peptide and one protein (FBN1) substrates. Our data showed that SETD2 strongly prefers amino acids different from those in the H3K36 sequence at several positions of its specificity profile. Based on this, we designed an optimized super-substrate containing four amino acid exchanges and show by quantitative methylation assays with SETD2 that the super-substrate peptide is methylated about 290-fold more efficiently than the H3K36 peptide. Protein methylation studies confirmed very strong SETD2 methylation of the super-substrate in vitro and in cells. We solved the structure of SETD2 with bound super-substrate peptide containing a target lysine to methionine mutation, which revealed better interactions involving three of the substituted residues. Our data illustrate that substrate sequence design can strongly increase the activity of protein lysine methyltransferases.
Integrating nucleic acid sequence-based amplification and microlensing for high-sensitivity self-reporting detection
Authors: Teng Feiyue , Wu Xinpei , Hong Tao , Munk Gary B. , Libera Matthew
Published: September 2020

We use electron-beam patterned functional microgels to integrate self-reporting molecular beacons, dielectric microlenses, and solid-phase and/or solution-phase nucleic acid amplification in a viral-detection microarray model.
Application of the electropolymerized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) sorbent for solid-phase microextraction of bisphenols
Authors: Frankowski Robert , Rębiś Tomasz , Werner Justyna , Grześkowiak Tomasz , Zgoła-Grześkowiak Agnieszka
Published: September 2020

A new procedure using poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/lignosulfonate electropolymerized sorbent solid-phase microextraction (PEDOT/LS-SPME) combined with LC-MS/MS for determination of bisphenols in environmental water samples was developed.
A cascade dual-targeted nanocarrier for enhanced alectinib delivery to ALK-positive lung cancer
Authors: Zeng Fanjun , Xu Bin , Zhu Hongyuan , Wu Shaowei , Liao Guoqing , Xie Daipeng , Huang Luyu , Qiao Guibin , Yang Xianzhu , Zhou Haiyu
Published: September 2020

A polymeric nanocarrier with a cascade of magnetic and TAT targeting enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of alectinib towards ALK-positive lung cancer.
The mechanism of bending in a plastically flexible crystal
Authors: Bhandary Subhrajyoti , Thompson Amy J. , McMurtrie John C. , Clegg Jack K. , Ghosh Peuli , Mangalampalli S. R. N. Kiran , Takamizawa Satoshi , Chopra Deepak
Published: September 2020

The mechanism of plastic deformation in crystals of a trifluoromethylated benzamide derivative has been determined with micro-focused X-ray diffraction. Fuorine–fluorine interactions are propose to mediated the observed mechanical behaviour.
Structures and transistor properties of extended and unsymmetrical birhodanines
Authors: Sumimoto Yuji , Iijima Kodai , Yoo Dongho , Kawamoto Tadashi , Le Gal Yann , Lorcy Dominique , Mori Takehiko
Published: September 2020

Extended and unsymmetrical birhodanines, including phenyl and unsubstituted parts, are prepared and show characteristic molecular packing and n-channel transistor properties.
Understanding the luminescence properties of Cu(i) complexes: a quantum chemical perusal
Authors: Lüdtke Nora , Föller Jelena , Marian Christel M.
Published: September 2020

Electronic structures and excited-state properties of Cu(i) complexes with varying coordination numbers have been investigated by means of advanced quantum chemical methods.
Arsenic quantification and speciation at trace levels in natural water samples by total reflection X-ray fluorescence after pre-concentration with N-methyl-d-glucamine functionalized quartz supports
Authors: Sanyal Kaushik , Chappa Sankararao , Bahadur J. , Pandey Ashok. K. , Mishra Nand Lal
Published: September 2020

A TXRF method for the speciation and determination of As at ultra-trace levels in natural water based on the use of an Au-loaded NMDG membrane immobilized on a quartz reflector for extraction.
Nanosponges for the protection and release of the natural phenolic antioxidants quercetin, curcumin and phenethyl caffeate
Authors: Guernelli Susanna , Cariola Alice , Baschieri Andrea , Amorati Riccardo , Lo Meo Paolo
Published: September 2020

The inclusion of polyphenols into nanoporous materials may significantly improve their application as radical trapping agents for therapeutic purposes.
Different binding mechanisms of Staphylococcus aureus to hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces
Authors: Maikranz Erik , Spengler Christian , Thewes Nicolas , Thewes Alexander , Nolle Friederike , Jung Philipp , Bischoff Markus , Santen Ludger , Jacobs Karin
Published: September 2020

A combination of force spectroscopic experiments and theoretical simulations reveals the molecular processes responsible for the adhesion of S. aureus.
Cobalt-catalyzed carbonylation of the C–H bond
Authors: Lukasevics Lukass , Grigorjeva Liene
Published: September 2020

Direct carbonylation of the C–H bond is a great tool for installing a carbonyl group in a wide variety of substrates.
Oxovanadium-catalysed domino reactions of hydroxy enynes for the construction of Cashmeran-like odorants
Authors: Liu Jie , Zhou Lijun , Zou Yue , Wang Quanrui , Goeke Andreas
Published: September 2020

We have developed an atom-economical oxovanadate-catalysed cycloisomerization of hydroxy enynes for the synthesis of bicyclo[4.3.0]non-1(9)-en-2-ones with cashmeran-like odours.
Heavily superparamagnetic magnetite-loaded polymeric worm-like micelles that have an ultrahigh T2 relaxivity
Authors: Zou Yunlong , Li Yanran , Xu Jiayin , Huang Xiayun , Chen Daoyong
Published: September 2020

Composite worm-like micelles with an ultrahigh T2 relaxivity fabricated via two-stage self-assembly of SMNPs guided by PEG-b-P4VP and DNA.
The role of alloyed strontium in the microstructures and alkaline electrochemistry of Mg–5Al–4Sn alloys
Authors: Van Sy Le , Quoc Binh Phan Minh , Lal Bhajan , Nguyen Quy Bau , Van Hung Tran , Panaitescu Casen , Nam Nguyen Dang
Published: September 2020

The development of Mg–5Al–4Sn–xSr alloys with α-grain reduction, refined precipitates and pitting corrosion resistance by die casting.
Solid-state synthesis of few-layer cobalt-doped MoS2 with CoMoS phase on nitrogen-doped graphene driven by microwave irradiation for hydrogen electrocatalysis
Authors: Fan Junpeng , Ekspong Joakim , Ashok Anumol , Koroidov Sergey , Gracia-Espino Eduardo
Published: September 2020

Production of nanostructured cobalt-doped MoS2 flakes with the CoMoS phase by microwave irradiation with improved catalytic activity towards hydrogen evolution.
Effect of ethylene glycol and its derivatives on the aggregation properties of reactive Orange 13 dye aqueous solution
Authors: Qi Yong , Xie Ruyi , Yu Aihong , Bukhari Mohd Nadeem , Zhang Liyuan , Cao Chuangui , Peng Hui , Fang Kuanjun , Chen Weichao
Published: September 2020

The interaction between Orange 13 dye and ethylene glycol and its derivatives was determined by the dispersion force.
On single-electron magnesium bonding formation and the effect of methyl substitution
Authors: Yu Dan , Wu Di , Liu Jing-Yao , Li Si-Yi , Li Ying
Published: September 2020

The complexes formed between MgX2 (X = F, H) molecules and alkyl radicals Y [Y = CH3, CH2CH3, CH(CH3)2, and C(CH3)3] have been characterized by using quantum chemical methods.
Modulating the ground state, stability and charge transport in OFETs of biradicaloid hexahydro-diindenopyrene derivatives and a proposed method to estimate the biradical character
Authors: Jousselin-Oba Tanguy , Mamada Masashi , Okazawa Atsushi , Marrot Jérome , Ishida Takayuki , Adachi Chihaya , Yassar Abderrahim , Frigoli Michel
Published: September 2020

Biradicaloid HDIP derivatives show that the ΔES–T gap does not follow the reverse trend of the biradical character but depends more on the delocalization of the radical centres at the outer rings.
Efficient conversion of cellulose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural catalyzed by a cobalt-phosphonate catalyst
Authors: Liu Xiao , Min Xue , Liu Hui , Cao Yuanqiao , Liu Yadong , Han Miaomiao , Sun Zhong-Ming , Ji Shengxiang
Published: September 2020

A cobalt-phosphonate network catalyst containing both Brønsted acid and Lewis acid sites is designed and synthesized for the conversion of saccharides to HMF. The catalyst can be recycled four times without the loss of catalytic activity.
Safe Li-ion batteries enabled by completely inorganic electrode-coated silicalite separators
Authors: Rafiz Kishen , Lin Jerry Y. S.
Published: September 2020

The high wettability and intra-particle pores of the silicalite separator homogenize the Li-ion availability for the viscous LiFSI/TMP electrolyte. This results in a completely safe, scalable, thermally stable, and high-rate capable battery.
Techno-economic analysis of a solar-powered biomass electrolysis pathway for coproduction of hydrogen and value-added chemicals
Authors: Khan M. A. , Al-Attas Tareq A. , Yasri Nael G. , Zhao Heng , Larter Stephen , Hu Jinguang , Kibria Md Golam
Published: September 2020

Techno-economic analysis of sunlight-driven electrochemical conversion of glucose to fuels and chemicalsi.e., hydrogen, gluconic acid and glucaric acid.
Proton transport in crystalline, porous covalent organic frameworks: a NMR study
Authors: Zhu Haijin , Xu Tiantian , Chen Long , Forsyth Maria
Published: September 2020

This work highlights the importance of both the surface chemistry and the persistence length of crystalline pores in COFs. Protons are found to transfer predominantly through grain boundary regions instead of the crystalline pores.
Carbon nanotube-based biomaterials for orthopaedic applications
Authors: Aoki Kaoru , Ogihara Nobuhide , Tanaka Manabu , Haniu Hisao , Saito Naoto
Published: September 2020

Carbon nanotubes can enhance the functionality of orthopedic applications.
Identification and verification of three key genes associated with survival and prognosis of COAD patients via integrated bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Liu Yong , Li Chao , Dong Lijin , Chen Xuewei , Fan Rong
Published: September 2020

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most lethal malignancy in the world, wherein colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is the most prevalent type of CRC. Exploring biomarkers is important for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of COAD. Methods: We used GEO2R and Venn online software for differential gene screening analysis. Hub genes were screened via Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) and Cytoscape, following Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. Finally, survival analysis and RNA expression validation were performed via UALCAN online software and real-time PCR. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to verify the protein expression level of hub genes from tissues of COAD patients. Results: In the present study, we screened 323 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from four GSE datasets. Furthermore, four hub genes were selected for survival correlation analysis and expression level verification, three of which were shown to be statistically significant. Conclusion: Our study suggests that Serpin Family E Member 1 (SERPINE1), secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) may be biomarkers closely related to the prognosis of CRC patients.
Long non-coding RNA RP11-284F21.9 functions as a ceRNA regulating PPWD1 by competitively binding to miR-769-3p in cervical carcinoma
Authors: Han Hong-Fang , Chen Qian , Zhao Wen-Wei
Published: September 2020

Cervical carcinoma is the most common gynecological cancer in women worldwide. Emerging evidence has shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in multiple biological processes of cervical carcinoma tumorigenesis. We aimed to investigate the function of a novel lncRNA RP11-284F21.9 in cervical carcinoma. We found that RP11-284F21.9 was down-regulated in cervical carcinoma tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of RP11-284F21.9 inhibits proliferation, invasion and migration of cervical carcinoma cells in vitro. Further, we identified that RP11-284F21.9 directly interacted with miR-769-3p and functioned as the miR-769-3p sponge. Mechanistically, we showed that miR-769-3p regulated peptidylprolyl isomerase domain and WD repeat-containing protein1 (PPWD1) expression by targeting PPWD1 3′-UTR. Furthermore, xenograft tumor model revealed that overexpression of RP11-284F21.9 inhibited tumor growth of cervical carcinoma in vivo. Taken together, our results demonstrate that RP11-284F21.9 functions as tumor suppressor and regulates PPWD1 expression through competitively binding to miR-769-3p in cervical carcinoma, suggesting that RP11-284F21.9/miR-769-3p/PPWD1 axis could serve as a promising prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for cervical carcinoma.
The history of dynamics and stellar feedback revealed by the H I filamentary structure in the disk of the Milky Way
Authors: Soler J. D. , Beuther H. , Syed J. , Wang Y. , Anderson L. D. , Glover S. C. O. , Hennebelle P. , Heyer M. , Henning Th. , Izquierdo A. F. , Klessen R. S. , Linz H. , McClure-Griffiths N. M. , Ott J. , Ragan S. E. , Rugel M. , Schneider N. , Smith R. J. , Sormani M. C. , Stil J. M. , Treß R. , Urquhart J. S.
Published: September 2020

We present a study of the filamentary structure in the emission from the neutral atomic hydrogen (HI) at 21 cm across velocity channels in the 40′′ and 1.5-km s−1 resolution position-position-velocity cube, resulting from the combination of the single-dish and interferometric observations in The HI/OH/recombination-line survey of the inner Milky Way. Using the Hessian matrix method in combination with tools from circular statistics, we find that the majority of the filamentary structures in the HI emission are aligned with the Galactic plane. Part of this trend can be assigned to long filamentary structures that are coherent across several velocity channels. However, we also find ranges of Galactic longitude and radial velocity where the HI filamentary structures are preferentially oriented perpendicular to the Galactic plane. These are located (i) around the tangent point of the Scutum spiral arm and the terminal velocities of the Molecular Ring, around l ≈ 28° and vLSR ≈ 100 km s−1, (ii) toward l ≈ 45° and vLSR ≈ 50 km s−1, (iii) around the Riegel-Crutcher cloud, and (iv) toward the positive and negative terminal velocities. A comparison with numerical simulations indicates that the prevalence of horizontal filamentary structures is most likely the result of large-scale Galactic dynamics and that vertical structures identified in (i) and (ii) may arise from the combined effect of supernova (SN) feedback and strong magnetic fields. The vertical filamentary structures in (iv) can be related to the presence of clouds from extra-planar HI gas falling back into the Galactic plane after being expelled by SNe. Our results indicate that a systematic characterization of the emission morphology toward the Galactic plane provides an unexplored link between the observations and the dynamical behavior of the interstellar medium, from the effect of large-scale Galactic dynamics to the Galactic fountains driven by SNe.
CAD/CAM-gestützte Planung und Übertragungsmöglichkeiten von Brackets und Gaumenimplantaten
Authors: Jungbauer Rebecca , Eigenwillig Philipp , Becker Kathrin , Proff Peter
Published: September 2020

In der Kieferorthopädie kommen digitale Technologien zunehmend zum Einsatz. Während zunächst einzelne Arbeitsschritte, wie die Patientenverwaltung oder kieferorthopädische Diagnostik digital durchgeführt wurden, gibt es inzwischen einen Trend hin zu einem vollständig digitalisierten Workflow. Während digitale Technologien häufig die Stuhlzeit verkürzen, kann die digitale Vorbereitungszeit am Computer länger sein. Durch moderne Softwarelösungen lassen sich allerdings auch diese Arbeitsschritte effizient gestalten: Mithilfe entsprechender Software lässt sich bspw. die gewünschte Position der Brackets inklusive einer Übertragungsschablone im Rahmen der Multibracket-Behandlung vorab virtuell planen. Die Schablone kann im Anschluss mittels additiver Fertigungsverfahren (3D-Druck) in einem Labor oder in der Zahnarztpraxis hergestellt werden. Auch für eine skelettale Verankerung kann ähnlich zur zahnärztlichen Implantologie die Insertionsposition digital geplant und über Insertionsschablonen in den Patientenmund übertagen werden. Durch eine Überlagerung von DVT- oder FRS-Daten mit einem digitalen Modell kann die Position hinsichtlich des individuellen Knochenangebots optimiert werden.

Das Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, einen Überblick über die Möglichkeiten der Bracket- und Mini-Implantat-Planung sowie Möglichkeiten zur Übertragung der virtuellen Planung in den Mund des Patienten klinisch vorzustellen und diese im Zusammenhang mit aktueller Literatur zu diskutieren.
Retention und digitale Entwicklung
Authors: Brämswig Simon Lukas , Pollak Tamara , Knaup Isabel , Wolf Michael
Published: September 2020

Die kieferorthopädische Therapie gliedert sich in einen aktiv und
einen passiv begleiteten Abschnitt. Hierdurch könnte man annehmen,
dass letztere Phase seitens des Behandlers kaum zu beeinflussen ist.

Das Gegenteil ist jedoch der Fall, denn schon in der Behandlungsplanung und
auch in der Durchführung können Maßnahmen getroffen
werden, um die sich anschließende Retentionsphase positiv zu
gestalten. So gilt es z. B. bestimmte Risikofaktoren
prätherapeutisch zu erkennen, um infolgedessen
stabilitätsfördernde Schritte einzuleiten.

Ohne die erfolgreiche Retention eines kieferorthopädischen
Behandlungsergebnisses werden alle zuvor getroffenen aktiven
Maßnahmen zunichte gemacht. Aus diesem Grund stellt die Retention
einen wichtigen Baustein in der umfänglichen Versorgung der
Patienten dar.

Dank neuer digitaler Technologien werden dem Kieferorthopäden
innovative Werkzeuge bereitgestellt, die zur Verbesserung einer
individualisierten Therapie beitragen können.
Schwangerschaftsabbrüche – Entscheidungsprozesse und Erfahrungen mit psychosozialer und medizinischer Versorgung aus Sicht junger Frauen
Authors: Böhm Maika
Published: September 2020

Einleitung Schwangerschaftsabbrüche sichern reproduktive Selbstbestimmung und sind als Menschenrecht anerkannt. Gleichzeitig werden sie oft gesellschaftlich missbilligt, sind in Deutschland nach wie vor strafrechtlich verankert und erfordern eine Pflichtberatung.

Forschungsziele Die vorliegende Studie verfolgt das Ziel zu rekonstruieren, warum und wie junge Frauen sich unter diesen Bedingungen für einen Schwangerschaftsabbruch entscheiden, wie sie dabei die Pflichtberatung und die medizinische Versorgung einschätzen und den Abbruch im Rückblick bewerten.

Methoden Interviewdaten von n = 10 Studentinnen, die während ihrer (hoch-)schulischen Ausbildung einen Abbruch vornehmen ließen, wurden qualitativ erhoben und inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Die Daten zeigen, dass die Befragten klare und oft ähnliche Gründe für den Abbruch hatten und die Pflichtberatung bei ihrer Entscheidungsfindung kaum eine Rolle spielte. Im Rückblick beurteilten die Frauen den Abbruch als richtige Entscheidung.

Schlussfolgerung Sinn und Nutzen der Pflichtberatung nach § 218a StGB gilt es ebenso zu überdenken wie das gesamte Unterstützungssystem, das bei ungewollten Schwangerschaften bereitsteht.
100 Jahre – Von Magnus Hirschfeld zur S3-Leitlinie und darüber hinaus: Körperorientierte Behandlungsverfahren als eine Option der Zukunft?
Authors: Güldenring Annette , Stern K.
Published: September 2020

In diesem Beitrag werden zentrale Inhalte der 2018 veröffentlichten S3-Leitlinie „Geschlechtsinkongruenz, Geschlechtsdysphorie und Trans-Gesundheit“, die sich dem Wissen vonMagnus Hirschfeld vor 100 Jahren wieder annähert, vorgestellt und diskutiert. Der zweite Teil widmet sich körper- und emotionsfokussierten Verfahren in der Versorgung von geschlechtlich nonkonformen Menschen, die bislang nur randständig im therapeutisch-pädagogischen und beraterischen Bereich angewandt werden. Es wird dafür plädiert, körper- und emotionsfokussierte Verfahren in die Regelversorgung zu integrieren; insbesondere – wie in den AWMF-Kriterien vorgeschrieben – mit Blick auf die bevorstehende Überarbeitung der S3-Leitlinie nach fünf Jahren in 2023. Dieser Zeitpunkt gibt auch die Chance, die in der aktuellen Leitlinie verwendete Sprache weiter zu ent-gendern, um mit einer geschlechtsinklusiven Nomenklatur nicht-binärem Geschlechtererleben gerecht zu werden.
Vom Symptom zum Syndrom
Authors: Holzapfel Klaus
Published: September 2020

Die Entstehung der klinischen Homöopathie wird auf den Paradigmenwechsel der Medizin, der durch Virchows Zellularpathologie in der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts eintrat, zurückgeführt. Die neuen Veränderungen in der Homöopathie werden anhand von Beispielen aus der Literatur aufgezeigt.
Das Symptom
Authors: Klinkenberg Carl Rudolf
Published: September 2020

Anhand der Geschichte der Migränebehandlung wird gezeigt, wie sich der homöopathische Symptombegriff fundamental vom traditionellen Symptombegriff unterscheidet. Mit dem Symptombegriff durchbricht Hahnemann das jahrtausendealte Paradigma der Krankheit als Erscheinung. Nur die sinnlich wahrnehmbaren Symptome werden in Ähnlichkeitsbeziehung mit der Arznei gesetzt. Es wird gezeigt, dass es Symptome gibt, die in einer konditionalen Beziehung zueinander stehen: die Causa-Symptome. Diese haben eine erstrangige Bedeutung bei der Mittelwahl. Gleichzeitig sind sie hypothetisch, dennoch Teil genuiner Homöopathie.
Verbena officinalis (Common Vervain) – A Review on the Investigations of This Medicinally Important Plant Species
Authors: Kubica Paweł , Szopa Agnieszka , Dominiak Jakub , Luczkiewicz Maria , Ekiert Halina
Published: September 2020

Verbena officinalis (common vervain) is a medicinal plant species widely distributed in the world and commonly used in folk medicine of different countries, including traditional Chinese medicine. Monographs on “Verbenae herba” have been included in the European Pharmacopoeia since 2008, and in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia since 1995. This work presents botanical characteristics of this species. It reviews the current knowledge of its chemical composition, which is a rich source mostly of iridoids, phenylpropanoid glycosides, phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and essential oil. A large part of this article summarizes traditional medicinal uses and professional pharmacological in vitro and in vivo studies that prove new important applications, e.g., antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective anticancer, analgesic, or anticonvulsant of verbena herb extracts and individual metabolites. Moreover, emphasis is put on the use of V. officinalis in the food and cosmetics industries, especially due to its antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties, and the presence of essential oil with an attractive fragrance composition. This paper also presents the state of biotechnological studies of this species.
In vitro and In Vivo Immunomodulatory Activity of Physalis angulata Concentrated Ethanolic Extract
Authors: Daltro Sérgio Ricardo Teixeira , Santos Ivanilson Pimenta , Barros Paula Ladeia , Moreira Diogo Rodrigo Magalhães , Tomassini Therezinha Coelho Barbosa , Ribeiro Ivone Maria , Ribeiro dos Santos Ricardo , Meira Cássio Santana , Soares Milena Botelho Pereira
Published: September 2020

The need for new immunomodulatory drugs is due to the side effects associated with the prolonged use of the currently used immunomodulatory drugs. In this context, the present work aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory effect of an ethanolic concentrated extract from Physalis angulata. The cytotoxicity of samples was determined using peritoneal macrophages though the Alamar Blue assay. The immunomodulatory activity of the ethanolic extract from P. angulata on activated macrophages was determined by measurement of nitrite and cytokine production. The immunosuppressive effects of the ethanolic extract from P. angulata was evaluated on lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production. The effects of the extract on cell cycle progression and cell death on lymphocytes were evaluated by flow cytometry. Lastly, the ethanolic extract from P. angulata was tested in vivo in toxicological tests and in models of peritonitis and delayed-type
hypersensitivity response. The ethanolic extract from P. angulata decreased nitrite, interleukin-6, interleukin-12, and TNF-α production by activated macrophages without affecting the cell viability. In addition, the ethanolic extract from P. angulata inhibited lymphoproliferation and the secretion of interleukin-2, interleukin-6, and IFN-γ, and increased interleukin-4 secretion by activated splenocytes. Flow cytometry analysis in lymphocyte cultures showed that treatment with the ethanolic extract from P. angulata induces cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase followed by cell death by apoptosis. Moreover, mice treated with the extract from P. angulata at 100 or 200 mg/kg did not show signs of toxicity or alterations in serum components. Finally, the ethanolic extract from P. angulata significantly reduced neutrophil migration and reduced paw edema in bovine serum albumin-induced the delayed-type hypersensitivity response
model. Our results demonstrate the potential of the ethanolic extract of P. angulata as an alternative for the treatment of immune-inflammatory diseases.
Orthopädie – Teilimplantat im Knie ist kostengünstiger als die totale Variante
Authors: Di Lellis Maddalena Angela
Published: September 2020

Beard DJ. et al. The clinical and cost-effectiveness of total versus partial knee replacement in patients with medial compartment osteoarthritis (TOPKAT): 5-year outcomes of a randomized controlled trial. Lancet 2019; 394: 746–756

Als Operationsoptionen bei schwerer Knieosteoarthritis stehen entweder ein totaler oder ein partieller Knieersatz zur Wahl. Spezialisten sind sich uneins, welche der beiden operativen Methoden bessere Endresultate bringt. Beard et al. untersuchten die klinische und wirtschaftliche Effektivität beider Methoden und evaluierten auftretende Komplikationen, die Patientenzufriedenheit und die Kostenauswirkungen für Patienten und das Gesundheitswesen.
KHZG – Stellungnahme des Marburger Bundes zum Krankenhauszukunftsgesetz
Authors:   Marburger Bundes
Published: September 2020

Der Marburger Bund hat eine Stellungnahme zum Entwurf des Krankenhauszukunftsgesetzes (KHZG) formuliert. Der Ärzteverband begrüßt das geplante Zukunftsprogramm, denn der Investitionsbedarf sei riesig. Dagegen seien die Fördermittel aber zu knapp bemessen.
Medial Epicanthoplasty: What Works and What Does Not
Authors: Baek Ji Sun , Choi Young Joo , Jang Jae Woo
Published: September 2020

Blepharoplasty is the most frequently performed cosmetic surgical procedure in Asia. The epicanthal fold, which is common in Asians, is characterized by a curved skin fold that partially hides the caruncle and lacrimal lake. The epicanthal fold may cause weakening of the esthetic appearance after blepharoplasty. It makes the palpebral fissure height narrower and the length shorter horizontally. Blepharoplasty with epicanthoplasty can enhance the esthetic appearance, but no gold standard surgical technique has been established for epicanthoplasty. Surgeons can choose the surgical technique according to their preference and the patient's characteristics. A carefully designed and fine surgical technique, especially with the use of loupes and tension-free skin closure with the thinnest needle, is required to avoid scarring.
The Psychological Aspects of COVID-19: A Review
Authors: Sharma Bindu , Misra Pankhuri
Published: September 2020

Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). It has affected 213 countries and territories around the world and 2 international conveyances, thus producing a significant impact on the physical and mental health, behaviour and economy. In this era of crisis, lot of guidelines and measures to combat the disease are present, but the area of adverse mental health consequences is still neglected. This review attempts to highlight the psychological problems associated with this disease.

Objective This article aims to retrieve from the existing literature and state the mental effects of COVID-19.

Methods A review was developed based on the articles from PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, ResearchGate, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Elsevier, JAMA Network, The Lancet, New England Journal of Medicine, Cell, Wiley, Nature, Science and special databases for COVID like the Stephen B. Thacker CDC Library, World Health Organization's COVID-19 research article database, COVID-19 Open Research Dataset, LitCovid. The search terms included combination of ‘coronavirus’, ‘COVID-19’, ‘psychological’, ‘quarantine’, ‘children’. All the studies mentioning about the mental consequences and interventions for psychological repercussions associated with COVID-19 are eligible for inclusion. In addition, the research papers in English language have been included.

Conclusion There is a need for research among vulnerable population to study the long-term effects of psychological impact of COVID-19.
Telemedicine and Its Scope in COVID-19: Commentary
Authors: Pareek Kanupriya
Published: September 2020

Telemedicine is a new concept that is developing with a lightning speed in developed countries. The practitioners of medicine are also using this as it has been legalised in many countries.

In the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) times, when the buzzword is physical distancing, telemedicine assumes more importance. People are using this because of its easy availability, which cuts down their waiting time in the hospitals, it is easily accessible and is cost-effective. This is not only used by the modern science but also by the alternative systems of medicine like Ayurveda and Homoeopathy, as well as by the nutritionists, physiotherapists, yoga experts and so many others who are following these audio-visual and telecommunication techniques. It has worked well to reach out to the patients and resolve their queries. It is easy to reach to so many persons via a single platform and guide them. We are here to share some of our views on telemedicine and on the approach adopted by the people across the world, and discuss how it will be implemented by the future generation for the benefits of their lives and the society.
A behavioral analysis of whistleblowing at Japanese firms
Authors: Asaoka Daisuke
Published: September 2020

This paper analyzes the background to whistleblowing—one of the key means by which a spate of corporate misdeeds have been revealed at established Japanese firms—by applying a framework of psychology and organizational behavior to people’s decisions and judgments. The paper first analyzes the organizational aspects of whistleblowing, such as fear of retaliation within firms, and the psychological aspects, such as conflicts of interest that unconsciously favor sponsors. Despite such internal restraints, observed phenomena of whistleblowing paint a more nuanced picture of human psychology. Along with moral concerns, people have the desire to exhibit an appreciation of social trust and fairness, even when their actions are inconsistent with an economic calculus. Traditional Japanese firms are characterized by a collectivist culture featuring a meticulously crafted, closely knit internal order and lifetime employment. Information technology, however, has led to a more liquid flow of information on corporate misconduct, making it hard to conceal misdeeds that blur organizational boundaries and relativizing internal norms. These changes tip the psychological balance of people within firms and prompt firms to adapt. Changes in the corporate governance code, and a law requiring firms to introduce internal control systems, give whistleblowers the organizational protection which is key to according them psychological safety and encouraging constructive dissent. Advances in research from the behavioral perspective promise to deepen our understanding of Japanese corporate phenomena and behaviors.
Electron power absorption dynamics in a low pressure radio frequency driven capacitively coupled discharge in oxygen
Authors: Proto A. , Gudmundsson J. T.
Published: September 2020

We use the one-dimensional object-oriented particle-in-cell Monte Carlo collision code oopd1 to explore the properties and the origins of both the electric field and electron power absorption within the plasma bulk for a capacitively coupled oxygen discharge operated at 10 and 100 mTorr for a gap distance of 45 mm. The properties of the electric field at three different time slices as well as time averaged have been explored considering the moments of the Boltzmann equation. The electron power absorption is distinctly different at these operating pressures. The most relevant contributions to the electric field at different time steps come from the pressure terms, the ambipolar and the electron temperature gradient terms, along with the ohmic term. The same applies for the electron power absorption. At both 10 and 100 mTorr, the relative ohmic contribution to the electron power absorption remains roughly the same, while the ambipolar term contributes to power absorption and the temperature gradient term to electron cooling at 100 mTorr, and the opposite applies at 10 mTorr. At 100 mTorr, the discharge is weekly electronegative, and electron power absorption is mainly due to sheath expansion, while at 10 mTorr, it is strongly electronegative, and the electron power absorption occurs mainly within the electronegative core and the drift-ambipolar mode dominates. The agreement between the calculated values and the simulations is good for both the electric field and the electron power absorption within the plasma bulk and in the collapsed sheath region for all the cases considered.
Pasture allowance and duration: the effect of restriction on dry-matter intake, energy balance and indicators of metabolic health in early lactation dairy cows
Authors: Claffey Aisling , Delaby Luc , Lewis Eva , Boland Tommy M. , Galvin Norann , Kennedy Emer
Published: September 2020

Context
Pasture allowance (PA) in early lactation is widely acknowledged to influence animal performance; however, climatic factors can limit grass growth in early spring, resulting in potential feed deficits on farm.

Aim
The present study determined whether PA restrictions imposed in early lactation impair energy balance and metabolic health of the cow.

Methods
One hundred and five cows were assigned to one of seven grazing treatments from 14 March to 4 July 2016 (16 weeks). The control-treatment cows were offered a PA to achieve a post-grazing sward height of 3.5 cm. The cows on the remaining treatments were offered a PA representing 60% of that offered to the control cows for a duration of 2 or 6 weeks from 14 March (mid-March; MMx2 and MMx6), 28 March (end-March; EMx2 and EMx6) or 11 April (mid-April; MAx2 and MAx6). Measurements were collected over the final 2-week period of the restriction for each individual restricted treatment and the control treatment.

Key results
Restricting PA in early lactation (34–88 days in milk) resulted in a mean reduction in dry-matter intake (DMI) of 25%; however, DMI as a proportion of the control treatment declined for EMx6 (75% of control DMI achieved) and MAx6 (65%) compared with the MMx6 (78%), which may be attributable to changes in the sward, as the plant changes from the vegetative to reproductive phase during this period. The reduction in milk production, relative to the control treatment, was similar among all restricted treatments (18%), resulting in a 1.1-kg reduction in milk output per 1-kg reduction in DMI. However, there was no effect of PA restriction or duration on body condition score, energy balance or blood metabolites, suggesting that the animals used in the current study made sufficient physiological adaptions to partition energy for the maintenance of body reserves.

Conclusion
In conclusion, short-term restrictions of PA up to 25% of DMI, for up to 6 weeks, can be used as a management strategy to cope with feed deficits in early lactation without impairing normal metabolic function of the early lactation dairy cow.

Implications
The results of the present study identified the ability of the early lactation dairy cow at grass to adapt to short-term deficits in pasture availability, without affecting the metabolic functioning of the animals
Diverse sources and an internal foundation for voiced onsets in Northern Mǐn
Authors: Smith Jonathan
Published: September 2020

The voiced onsets and associated tonal reflexes of Northern Mǐn (NM), motivation for Norman’s (1973;1974) proto-Mǐn “softened” stops and affricates, remain a subject of controversy. Following a brief introduction (§ 1), I begin by reviewing the various apparent sources of voiced onsets in NM, including old complex onsets, non-Sinitic substrate, voicing alternations, and late koine material (§ 2). I then take upAkitani’s (2008)colloquial glossary of Shíbēi石陂andNorman’s (1969)of Jiànyáng建陽, outlining on this basis an adjusted account of the subgroup’s development: pre-PNM preserved early Sinitic voiced onsets in Tone A2, with a conditioned split isolating voiced stops in so-calledYángpíng yǐ陽平乙, here “A2+” (§ 3). It was this conservative feature which allowed items in§ 2to take on voiced onsets across tonal categories, at times leading to further splits. A conclusion considers Mǐn more generally, proposing that the voicing alternants of Huang Chin-wen (2001a) may be NM reflections of group-wide tone sandhi processes (§ 4).
Kokborok and the simple-complex reflexive distinction
Authors: Roy Gargi , Subbārāo Kārumūri V , Kumar Rajesh , Everaert Martin
Published: September 2020

This paper presents an in-depth investigation of the binding strategies in Kokborok and we will look more specifically how this sheds light on the theories of reflexivization. Kokborok, a Tibeto-Burman language spoken in Tripura, a state in the North-East of India, has two reflexives:sak sak‘self self’ andsak baithaŋ‘self self’. The formsak sak‘self self’ conforms to Principle A of classic Binding Theory, blocking long-distance binding, but this does not hold true forsak baithaŋallowing non-local binding. It is a well-established fact that some reflexives allow non-local binding, but it is generally assumed that this phenomenon is limited to a certain type of reflexive, morpho-syntactically ‘simple reflexives.’ The so-called ‘complex reflexives’ generally bar non-local binding, and the Kokborok reflexivesak baithaŋseems an exception to that. This paper explores the uniqueness involved in the nature of anaphoric binding in Kokborok.
Molecular imaging of Alzheimer’s disease–related gamma-secretase in mice and nonhuman primates
Authors: Xu Yulong , Wang Changning , Wey Hsiao-Ying , Liang Yingxia , Chen Zude , Choi Se Hoon , Ran Chongzhao , Rynearson Kevin D. , Bernales Daniela R. , Koegel Robert E. , Fiedler Stephanie A. , Striar Robin , Wagner Steven L. , Tanzi Rudolph E. , Zhang Can
Published: September 2020

The pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is primarily driven by brain accumulation of the amyloid-β-42 (Aβ42) peptide generated from the amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) via cleavages by β- and γ-secretase. γ-Secretase is a prime drug target for AD; however, its brain regional expression and distribution remain largely unknown. Here, we are aimed at developing molecular imaging tools for visualizing γ-secretase. We used our recently developed γ-secretase modulators (GSMs) and synthesized our GSM-based imaging agent, [11C]SGSM-15606. We subsequently performed molecular imaging in rodents, including AD transgenic animals, and macaques, which revealed that our probe displayed good brain uptake and selectivity, stable metabolism, and appropriate kinetics and distribution for imaging γ-secretase in the brain. Interestingly, rodents and macaques shared certain brain areas with high γ-secretase expression, suggesting a functional conservation of γ-secretase. Collectively, we have provided the first molecular brain imaging of γ-secretase, which may not only accelerate our drug discovery for AD but also advance our understanding of AD.
Scalaron tunneling and the fate of antisymmetric tensor fields in F(R) gravity
Authors: Paul Tanmoy , SenGupta Soumitra
Published: September 2020

The work provides a possible explanation of a well motivated question—why the present Universe is practically free from any noticeable footmarks of higher rank antisymmetric tensor fields, despite having the signatures of scalar, vector, fermion as well as symmetric rank 2 tensor field in the form of gravity? The explanation proposed here originates from the higher curvature degrees of freedom present in a F(R) gravity model. In such a model, we show that the scalar degree of freedom (also known as scalaron) associated with the higher curvature term may undergo a quantum tunneling which in turn suppresses the couplings of antisymmetric massless tensor fields with various standard model fields.
Phase matching and quasi-phase matching of high-order harmonic generation—a tutorial
Authors: Hareli Liran , Shoulga Georgiy , Bahabad Alon
Published: September 2020

In this tutorial we discuss the macroscopic aspects of the extreme nonlinear frequency conversion process of high-order harmonic generation. For most, this entails describing the phase mismatch of the process and the means to mitigate it by tuning global parameters or by modulations perturbing the process. Additionally, we consider applications of phase matching in general for probing and for controlling different parameters of the emitted radiation.