bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Peak of COVID-19 in India (Preprint)
Authors: Yadav Suryakant , Yadav Pawan Kumar , Yadav Neha , Yadav Chandra Kant
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

Following the USA, India ranks the second position in the world for COVID-19 cases with the highest number of daily confirmed cases since September 2020. The peak of daily confirmed cases is the most warranted feature for understanding the epidemiological stage of COVID-19 disease in India.

OBJECTIVE

The objectives of the study are to analyse the growth rates of the confirmed cases of COVID-19 in India, and to provide an expected count of the peak of confirmed cases and a possible track of confirmed cases.

METHODS

Exponential model was applied to estimate the growth rates of daily confirmed cases. The estimated growth rates were used for calculating the doubling time. The Lotka-Euler method was applied to calculate the effective reproduction rate. SARIMA model was developed for the growth rates to predict daily confirmed cases.

RESULTS

Results show the best fit of the exponential model over the daily confirmed cases. The growth rates estimated from the exponential model shows an unsteady, modest decline. Doubling time shows a linear increase. The effective reproduction rate declined from 3.6 persons in the third week of March 2020 to 1.14 persons at the end of August 2020 and 1.10 at the end of September 2020. The diagnosis of the developed SARIMA model confirmed no trends in the residuals, no outliers, and nearly constant variance. The forecast suggests the peak value of daily confirmed cases wavers around 104,500 counts in the third week of September 2020. The cumulative COVID-19 cases account for approximately 105 lakhs at the end of December 2020.

CONCLUSIONS

The exponential model unravels a shift and a modest decline in the growth of daily confirmed cases. The trends in R(t) show analogous to the trends in growth rates of daily confirmed cases. The study shows that the SARIMA model is suitable for projecting daily confirmed cases. The results shed light on the understanding of the trends and epidemiological stage of COVID-19 disease, in the cognisance of the peak. This study based on moments of the distribution of the daily confirmed cases of COVID-19 disease unravels the uncertainty about the peak and curvature of COVID-19 disease. The prediction made based on our calculations is adjoining to the real-time peak value of daily confirmed cases in India and successfully explores the epidemiological stage of COVID-19 disease in India.
The Power of Dialogism in Sallust’s Bellum Catilinae
Authors: King Hubert
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this paper is to highlight and analyze cases of dialogism between Sallust and Younger Cato in the Bellum Catilinae. Through close reading and linguistic analysis, prominent dialogue and its historical implications were examined. Afterwards, I used existing literature on dialogism and speeches in Ancient Historiography to speculate on Sallust’s motivation for incorporating dialogism into the Bellum Catilinae. I posit that Sallust uses dialogism as a tool to inspire introspection in the reader.
Development and Validation of an Instrument for Assessing Students’ Practical Skills in Joinery at Science and Technical College Level in Nigeria
Authors: I. EZE PROF. Titus , Eric GOWON K. , Oluyinka OLUMOKO B.
Published: October 2020

The fact that a student can present a quality product does not constitute a positive proof that process practical skills are obtained. This study was therefore designed to develop and validate an instrument for assessing students’ practical skills in joinery at technical college level. Four research questions were set to guide the study and a null hypothesis. The study adopted the instrumentation design and was carried out in Adamawa State. The population for the study was sixty four (64) respondents. The instrument was subjected to validation, reliability test and results obtained from task-by-task reliability coefficient range from 0.67 to 0.98 through Cronbach Alpha coefficient. The instrument was imperiled to factor is alanalys is where a practical skill item was discarded. Based on the findings; nine (9) tasks with corresponding eighty three (83) practical skills were developed. The study recommended that (i) efforts should adopted to enforce the use of Joinery Skill Assessment Instrument (JSAI) for assessing students’ practical skills in Nigerian technical colleges. (ii) Teachers should be encouraged to study and acquaint themselves with the use of JSAI. (iii) Stakeholders (ministries and institutions) should endeavor develop platforms (conferences, workshops) where the use of this new assessment instrument can be encouraged.
Legal Coherence and Judicial Activism in Australia
Authors: Wu Di.
Published: October 2020

The principle of legal coherence and the role of judicial activism are active but controversial topics in in Australian common law. Usually, the application of the principle of legal coherence lead to a different award compared to judicial activism. Both of them have contradiction and restrict mutually, which have their own implications but safeguard the judicial system to develop cautiously. So I would like to discuss the benefits and limitations of application of legal coherence and judicial activism by examples of HCA cases.
Derogación tácita de preceptos legales preconstitucionales
Authors: Henríquez Viñas Miriam
Published: October 2020

The fundamental funds are analyzed to affirm the faculty of the judges to declare tacitly derogation of previous legal norm that contradicts a later constitutional norm. This has the objective of verifying if there are reasons to say that, in our constitutional order, a system of invalidation-non-application governs elements of judicial review based on ordinary justice with that concentrated in the Constitutional Court. So the arguments of the recent constitutional doctrine are reviewed and the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court is analyzed between september 2005 and december 2018 regarding in the action of protection and of the cassation recourse.
Effect of employee career satisfaction on organizational citizenship behavior
Authors: Lv Yuanyuan , Yu Xiaozhong
Published: October 2020

We examined the effect of employee career satisfaction on the relationship between perceived insider status and organization-based self-esteem, and whether this, in turn, affects employee organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Participants were 198 leader–member dyads in a
high technology company in China. Results show that employee career satisfaction was positively correlated with OCB, and this relationship was mediated by perceived insider status and organization-based self-esteem. In addition, felt obligation moderated the relationships between career satisfaction
and perceived insider status, and between career satisfaction and organization-based selfesteem. We have expanded attitude theory by treating career satisfaction as both an antecedent, rather than as a subjective outcome, and a predictor of OCB. In practical terms, our results may be useful
for the selection and training of employees in organizations.
Linking empowering leadership to employee innovation: The mediating role of work engagement
Authors: Tian Guixian , Zhang Zhuo
Published: October 2020

We investigated empowering leadership as a predictor of employee innovative behavior, with work engagement as a mediator in this relationship. Data were collected from 318 employees and their supervisors in China, and we used structural equation modeling to evaluate our hypotheses.
The results suggest that empowering leadership was positively related to employee innovative behavior, and that work engagement partially mediated this relationship. Our findings provide new insight into the effects of empowering leadership on employee innovation, and indicate that it is beneficial
for leaders to pay attention to empowering behavior and, in doing so, consider employees' engagement at work.
Effect of locus of control on innovative behavior among new generation employees: A moderated mediation model
Authors: Xu Lingyan , Du Jianguo , Lei Xiying , Hipel Keith W.
Published: October 2020

We recruited 211 new generation employees in research and development teams to examine how internal and external locus of control (LOC) are related to innovative behavior, both directly and indirectly, and to examine the moderated mediation roles of innovation climate and work engagement
in this relationship. Results show that internal (vs. external) LOC had direct and indirect positive (vs. negative) effects on innovative behavior. Further, work engagement mediated the LOC–innovative behavior relationship, and innovation climate strengthened the internal LOC–innovative
behavior relationship. These results shed light on the personality antecedents of innovative behavior and show how individual differences shape work engagement, and how innovation climate influences innovative behavior. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Impact of sense of status on the international entrepreneurial intention of undergraduates in China
Authors: Yao Haiqin , Jannesari Milad T. , Sun Jinxiu , Lai Qin , Ji Jing
Published: October 2020

We investigated the effect of sense of status on undergraduate students' international entrepreneurial intention as well as the possible influences of risk propensity and having a global mindset on this relationship. Data were collected by surveying 265 students at 19 universities in
Eastern China. As hypothesized, sense of status was positively related to the students' international entrepreneurial intention, and this relationship was mediated by risk propensity. Further, having a global mindset moderated the mediating effect of risk propensity on the relationship between
sense of status and international entrepreneurial intention. This study demonstrates the value to international business study of examining the previously neglected association between sense of status and international entrepreneurial intention among undergraduates in China, as well as how
risk propensity may influence international entrepreneurial intention.
Negative life events and Internet addiction among Mainland Chinese teenagers and young adults: A meta-analysis
Authors: Li Shunyu , Zhang Haiying , Cheng Lianghong , Wang Xiaotong , Sitahong Remilan
Published: October 2020

Many researchers believe Internet addiction is related to negative life events, but some scholars do not agree with this view. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of 85 articles published in Chinese and English databases between 2003 and 2020, to explore the relationship between
negative life events and Internet addiction among 86,833 Mainland Chinese teenagers and young adults. Results show that negative life events had a significant positive correlation with Internet addiction and that the correlation was moderated by regional location, gender, and social development.
Compared with the results based on a sample of a single group, our findings are reliable and lay the foundation for further research on negative life events and Internet addiction.
Montagem de utopias urbanas como modo de pensar
Authors: Name Leo
Published: October 2020

Resenha do livro Trilogia das utopias urbanas organizado de Adriana Caúla.
Automated Control of the Microclimate in the Premises of Pig-Breeding Complexes
Authors: Ukhanova Viktoriya Yu.
Published: October 2020

In the pig breeding, a large share of the production cost is accounted for by the cost of electricity and heat. Reducing energy costs is one of the important tasks of the industry. It is important to identify and study modern technologies and equipment for pig farming due to the constant increase in electricity tariffs, significant energy costs for creating and maintaining a microclimate. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in an analysis of modern available technologies and equipment for agricultural production, including pig farming, allowing to reduce the cost of production. (Materials and methods) Authors used a method for determining the standard indicators of energy consumption of energy resources in the pig industry, based on the calculation and analytical method. The article presents an analyze of automated microclimate management systems in pig breeding complexes, taking into account the individual characteristics of farms produced by OWEN. (Results and discussion) Automated microclimate management systems can improve the productivity of pig farms; reduce the cost of electrical and thermal energy, reduce the number of diseases of animal from hypothermia, high humidity or temperature in the room, feed consumption; monitor the chemical composition of the air. The article considers three options for creating a microclimate in rooms with animals, taking into account the individual characteristics of enterprises. (Conclusions) The profitability of pig production depend on the level of technical equipment of farms, automation, and the use of energy-saving technologies and equipment. The use of innovations in agricultural production makes it possible to increase labor productivity up to three times, and savings due to reduced feed costs can reach several million rubles a year.
Thermoelectric Installation for Dehumidification and Heating of Air in Livestock Premises
Authors: Tikhomirov Dmitriy A. , Trunov Stanislav S. , Kuzmichev Aleksey V. , Lamonov Nikolay G.
Published: October 2020

General supply and exhaust ventilation is used to combat high humidity in livestock premises. The possibilities of this method in maintaining the air parameters within the required limits are limited. Dehumidifiers based on various physical principles help solving the problem of high humidity. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in substantiation of a rational functional and technological scheme for the installation of dehumidification and heating of air based on Peltier elements in the premises of agricultural production, based on the results of its physical modeling, developing, and testing of a working sample. (Materials and methods) Authors used methods of system analysis and synthesis of existing knowledge in the research field on the development of energy-efficient dehumidifier and air heater based on the theory of heat and mass transfer and thermoelectricity. The article presents a functional and technological scheme of the dehumidifier and air heater based on thermo-electric Peltier elements. Authors developed a prototype sample and performed physical modeling of heat transfer processes from thermoelectric assembly to heat carriers. The article presents a method for calculating the heat and power design parameters of heat exchange devices on the cold and hot sides of the thermoelectric assembly. (Results and discussion) It was found that the heat energy withdrawn by the hot circuit and directed to heating the dried air exceeds the energy consumed from the electrical network by 20-30 percent. (Conclusions) This design solution reduces the energy consumption of a thermoelectric dehumidifier compared to traditionally used equipment. Thermoelectric dehumidifiers are environmentally safe and are intended for small-scale agricultural areas with an air capacity of up to 500 cubic meters per hour.
Energy Saving Milk Cooling Unit Using Natural Cold and Low Temperature Coolants
Authors: Dorokhov Aleksey S. , Pavkin Dmitriy Yu. , Ivanov Vladimir V. , Korshunov Aleksey B.
Published: October 2020

Improving the energy efficiency of equipment for dairy farms is one of the most important tasks in the agriculture. A promising direction for further improving the energy efficiency of existing systems is the use of environmentally friendly refrigerants with a low freezing point (low-temperature coolants) and the potential of natural cold directly. One of the technological factors for the introduction of such systems in farms is the cooling of milk without freezing an "ice water", which requires fundamentally new technical solutions. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in increasing the energy efficiency of milk cooling using natural cold and eco-salt for the developed module. (Materials and methods) The technical characteristics of the developed module were studied in order to identify the effectiveness of primary milk cooling due to the potential of outdoor air with the possibility of further implementation of this system in farms. (Results and discussion) The article presents the results of experimental studies of an energy-saving module developed in VIM for milk cooling using natural cold and low-temperature coolants. The module is a pre-cooling unit for milk, where a closed loop with a low-temperature coolant is used instead of ground water, which allows cooling milk through the potential of external air. The article presents the dependence of the efficiency of milk cooling on the configuration of equipment and the potential of natural cold. (Conclusions) The energy efficiency of the developed milk cooling system for the Central Russia allows reducing the electricity consumption for cooling of 1 ton of milk by 15-17 kilowatt-hours, which on average will reduce financial costs by 50 percent. The introduction of a developed energy-saving module to existing cooling systems in dairy farms is proposed.
Identification of Power Grid Lines with Increased Power Losses Using Mobile Electric Meters and Timers
Authors: Vinogradov Aleksandr V. , Bukreyev Aleksey V. , Vinogradova Alina V. , Bol’shev Vadim E.
Published: October 2020

Identifying sections of 0.4 kilovolt power grid lines with increased power losses is an urgent task, the solution of which will free up some of the funds spent by power grid companies to compensate for power losses and direct them to the reconstruction and modernization of electric networks. It is necessary to monitor electricity consumption on sections of power grid lines and on the connections of consumers, and compare data on consumption. Existing devices that analyze the quality of electrical energy and can control current and power in the network, such as power quality analyzers, do not have the full necessary qualities, since they are intended for other purposes, and they are also very expensive. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in developing technical means for identifying sections of 0.4 kilovolt power grid lines with increased power losses, which also allow performing a survey of operating modes of power grid lines. (Materials and methods) The article presents a review of literary sources and an analysis of statistical data. (Results and discussion) The article presents developed technical tools for inspection of power grid lines of 0.4 kilovolts and identification of areas with increased losses of electrical energy, portable single-phase and three-phase electric meter and timer. The single-phase mobile electric meter and timer can be used for the survey of single-phase connections of consumers, three-phase one can be used for the survey of any sections of power lines. Authors also developed a version of the portable electric meter and timer with up to six independent sensors. (Conclusions) It is most rational to use a version of the mobile meter and timer equipped with Wi-Fi data transmission technology to detect power losses on sections of 0.4 kilovolts power grid lines, since in this case simultaneous monitoring of several sections is provided with the possibility of obtaining information from sensors in real time. The data allow to calculate technological and commercial losses on power line sections and draw conclusions about whether they are overstated.
Soil Disinfection Methods in Protected Ground
Authors: Pospelova Irina G. , Vozmishchev Ivan V. , Niyazov Anatoliy M.
Published: October 2020

Soil is a favorable environment for many microorganisms, pathogenic bacteria, fungal spores, insect eggs due to the presence of nutrients and moisture in it. Soil treatment from pests and pathogens of agricultural crops for disinfection can be carried out by chemical, energy, thermal, biological methods. The most common method is thermal. This is because many pests and pathogens have a protein structure that is easily destroyed when the temperature increases, and the thermal effect can be obtained from various heat carriers. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in developing an energy-efficient method of soil disinfection using infrared radiation. (Materials and methods) The article shows the relation between the spectral thermoradiation characteristics of soil with characteristics of infrared emitters, namely the amount of applied heat, temperature, conductivity, soil moisture, and exposure time, to justify the rational mode of operation for decontamination of the soil. The article presents a mathematical model for this purpose based on known laws that determine the relationship between the necessary parameters. (Results and discussion) Authors offered a plant for soil disinfection with infrared radiation. It was found that the high energy efficiency of the installation is achieved by a high efficiency of infrared burners and infrared radiation affects directly the object of treatment, the soil. The article presents structural-logical and mathematical models of infrared power supply. (Conclusions) Analysis of the heating kinetics equation showed that the maximum permissible speeds for the process of infrared heating of the soil depend on its thermophysical properties, the maximum permissible temperature, the area and the required depth of warming of the soil. It was found that infrared heating and a device for disinfecting the soil in this way will allow energy-efficient, convenient and fast processing.
Mathematical Description of the Influence of the Bunker Outlet on the Grain Motion in the Microwave Convective Area
Authors: Vasil’yev Aleksey N. , Tsymbal Andrey A. , Vasil’yev Aleksey A.
Published: October 2020

One of the environmentaly friendly methods of drying and decontamination of grain is its processing in microwave-convective installations. The efficiency of using the microwave field depends on the uniformity of its distribution in the grain processing zone. This is provided by the design features of the microwave core and waveguides. The uniformity of grain movement in the microwave field zone is important. It is important that the grain is moved in the microwave convective zone by hydraulic movement. In this case, the grain passes through zones with different intensity of the microwave field sequentially and the grain processing is uniform. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in making a mathematical dependence of parameters of the hopper outlet on the movement of grain in the microwave convective zone. (Materials and methods) The article presents the parameters of the outlet that ensure the grain flow without forming static arches in accordance with the method of calculating outlet bins. Fluctuations in humidity for different crops of processed grain will not lead to a violation of the grain flow process. The resulting equation for changing the height of the dynamic arch, depending on its location in the height of the hopper, allows to determine the uneven flow of grain from the hopper outlet. (Results and discussion) When unloading grain, there is an uneven flow in the right and left halves of the hopper, relative to the central axis. When only one hopper is unloaded, 0.84 kilograms more wheat is unloaded from its left half than from the right. This difference leads to uneven and reduced efficiency of grain processing in the microwave-convective zone. (Conclusions) To ensure the uniformity of grain processing in the microwave convective zone, it is necessary to improve the mechanism of grain flow from the outlet of the hopper.
Development of Energy-Resource-Saving Lighting Installations for Agriculture
Authors: Pospelova Irina G. , Nabatchikova Mariya A. , Iksanov Ilshat I.
Published: October 2020

Reducing energy costs during the production of agro-industrial livestock production by maintaining the required lighting parameters is an urgent task. The largest consumption of electricity in farms is by electric lighting. The mass transition to energy-efficient equipment, using control systems in livestock and industrial premises of the agro-industrial complex, leads to increased energy savings and maintenance of optimal microclimate mode. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in developing energy-saving lighting installations, a program for automatic control of the lighting system and assessing the prospects for their use for enterprises of the agro-industrial complex. (Materials and methods) The article presents an overview of developments, scientifically based led lighting devices to maintain the required lighting parameters in livestock and industrial premises of the agro-industrial complex, in order to save electricity. Authors have determined that the technical effect of the proposed lighting installations is in reducing the electrical energy consumed. In one of them by creating a special shape of the light intensity curve, and in the second one by converting thermal energy into electrical energy used for additional power supply of the lamp. (Results and discussion) The article presents the results of research on the development of a program for automatic control of lighting systems for the implementation of energy-saving mode of operation. Authors consider the possibility of maintaining and regulating optimal illumination with the help of programmable controllers. (Conclusions) The analysis of the state and prospects of development of lighting systems showed the possibilities of development of scientifically based led lighting devices, as well as programs for regulating lighting in livestock premises based on programmable controllers. The use of the system will allow achieving optimal parameters of the microclimate, increasing productive and reproductive indicators, and effectively use optical radiation by reducing the consumption of electrical energy by up to 30 percent with the same quality of lighting.
Renewal out of the spirit of the own tradition? On continuity and change of nation-specific patterns of the cognitive and social organisation of educational studies
Authors: Keiner Edwin , Schriewer Jürgen
Published: October 2020

The institutionalisation of Education as an academic field of study just as of the social sciences more generally has occurred/taken place, since the late 19th century, under the conditions of different nation-states, in the context of divergent academic institutions, and in connection with varying academic cultures. The resulting discipline formation patterns have become the subject of analyses carried through by the recent history and sociology of the sciences. Analyses of this kind have come to distinguish between the model of «comprehensive social science» (as represented, e.g., by the Durkheimian programme of sociology in France), of «formalised disciplinary discourses» (as particularly realised in German universities), and of «pragmatically specialising professions» (as observable in U.S. developments). The article takes up such models und investigates the issues of continuity and change of nation-specific patterns of the cognitive and social organisation of educational studies up to the present time, drawing mainly on citation analyses of German, French and (Anglo-)American education journals and encyclopedias.
Scientific and Social Relevance: A perspective study of six European nation’s reports to the development of educational research and educational science
Authors: Hofstetter Rita , Schneuwly Bernard
Published: October 2020

What informs and directs the development of educational research and educational science? This contribution examines, in particular, the effects of a nation’s social requirements on the development of their educational research. Synthesized from pre-existing analyses, the first part works out a theoretical foundation for a description of the process of the «disciplinarisation» of educational science. In the second part, the content of the educational research of the selected six national reports (Germany, France, the Netherlands, Portugal, Sweden, and Switzerland), which were authorized by official agencies, is analyzed. With its intent predominantly heuristic, the paper shows how the social requirements function as regulatory mechanisms and how their influences on the development of educational research are perceived and described. The analysis concludes with a description and discussion of contrasting configurations of educational research based on a reading of the reports, and culminates in a series of theoretical and empirical questions that encourage follow-up research.
The Status of Educational Science in Italy
Authors: Bertolini Piro
Published: October 2020

This contribution first discusses the definition of educational science, which in Italy expresses two manifestations: on one hand, in the sense of human science (psychology, sociology, psychoanalysis, etc.) provided that they explicitly apply to educational phenomenon; on the other hand, in the sense of the specific branches of general pedagogy (historical pedagogy, didactics, specialized pedagogy, experimental pedagogy, adult pedagogy, etc.). On this basis, the development of educational science after the Second World War is examined, particularly those factors that formed their orientation: first, the social needs established outside of school, and second, the emergence of a real interest in the training of the teachers. Especially interesting is the striving for autonomy of the field of didactics, which demands its own epistemological status and its own research methods.
Frauen in der beruflichen Aus- und Weiterbildung. Konsequenzen für die Geschlechterfrage in der Berufsbildung
Authors: Schärer Michèle E.
Published: October 2020

Cet article a pour objet les cours professionnels et ménagers destinés aux femmes et dis-pensés entre 1880 et 1914 par trois institutions qui ont été étudiées dans le cadre d’une recherche sur l’histoire de l’éducation des adultes à Genève. Les institutions concernées sont: l’Association des Commis de Genève (cours commerciaux et de langues), l’Académie professionnelle de la Ville de Genève (cours ménagers et pour les métiers du textile) et l’Union des Femmes de Genève (cours ménagers, cours commerciaux et de langues). Après une présentation succincte de ces trois institutions (contenu de l’enseignement, public, corps enseignant, organisation et financement), quelques tendances générales sont dégagées et analysées en rapport avec le contexte éducationnel et socio-économique de l’époque ainsi que, plus spécifiquement, avec la situation sociale et professionnelle des femmes.
La formation professionnelle des femmes en France
Authors: Mosconi Nicole
Published: October 2020

Les femmes ont aujourd’hui plus de chances que les hommes de sortir du système scolaire avec une formation générale. Mais la segmentation du marché du travail entre emplois masculins valorisés et emplois féminins dévalorisés se répercute au niveau du système de formation initiale dans une forte ségrégation des garçons et des filles entre filières et cursus différents (littéraires et tertiaires pour les filles, scientifiques et techniques industriels pour les garçons). La poussée de la scolarisation féminine tend à introduire une division verticale dans le groupe des filles entre celles qui ont un niveau égal ou supérieur au baccalauréat et celles qui ont un niveau inférieur. La manière dont s’organisent les différences de formation professionnelle et d’insertion entre les sexes renvoie aux rapports sociaux de sexe qui sont structurés comme un système de division et de domination entre groupes de sexe.
Enhancing Interactions During Dyadic Learning in Mathematics
Authors: Stecker Pamela , Fuchs Lynn S. , Fuchs Douglas
Published: October 2020

This article reviews a research program conducted to examine variables that enhance student interactions during dyadic learning in mathematics. A rationale for focusing on methods to enhance interactions is provided. Then, five studies are described. In the first, student interactions were enhanced via explicit training and practice in facilitating participation between participants. The second study examined the efficacy of preparing students to construct conceptual mathematical explanations. The third study investigated the effects of students’ mathematical ability in promoting learning among very low performing students. In the final two studies, the effects of group compositions were studied within the context of cooperative work on complex mathematical tasks. Implications for research and practice are highlighted.
Peer interaction in the teaching of mathematics: explanation and the coordination of knowledge
Authors: Davenport Pamela , Howe Christine , Noble Andrew
Published: October 2020

It has been argued that children’s performance in mathematics will be boosted by collaborative activities where they explain to peers how to solve problems. Empirical investigations have generally been supportive, although they identify dangers of separating the activity of problem solving from more strategic understanding of how problems should be approached. Background research has suggested that one route to avoiding the dangers might involve joint problem solving followed by a synthesis into teaching principles to be practised subsequently in dyadic tutorial sessions.
Hornberg, Sabine (1999). Europäische Gemeinschaft und multikulturelle Gesellschaft: Anspruch und Wirklichkeit europäischer Bildungspolitik und -praxis. Frankfurt: Verlag für interkulturelle Kommunikation.
Authors: Allemann-Ghionda Cristina
Published: October 2020

Rezension
Bildungsexpansion und ungleiche Bildungspartizipation am Beispiel der Mittelschulen im Kanton Zürich, 1830 bis 1980
Authors: Rieger Andreas
Published: October 2020

Die Untersuchung der Mittelschulen im Kanton Zürich von 1830 bis 1980 zeigt deutlich, wie sich im Rahmen der Bildungsexpansions-Wellen die Bildungspartizipation verschiedener sozialer Gruppen wandelt: Frauen, Landbewohner und Katholiken können ihre Teilnahme an den Mittelschulen jener der Männer, Städter und Protestanten angleichen. Für die Kinder aus unteren sozialen Schichten sowie der entsprechenden Nationalitäten ist dies jedoch überhaupt nicht der Fall, sie bleiben die grosse benachteiligte Gruppe an den Zürcher Mittelschulen. Auf dem Hintergrund dieses Befundes stellt sich die Frage, warum die Diskussionen über die soziale Chancengleichheit trotz unerfüllten Ansprüchen versiegt sind.Die Untersuchung der Mittelschulen im Kanton Zürich von 1830 bis 1980 zeigt deutlich, wie sich im Rahmen der Bildungsexpansions-Wellen die Bildungspartizipation verschiedener sozialer Gruppen wandelt: Frauen, Landbewohner und Katholiken können ihre Teilnahme an den Mittelschulen jener der Männer, Städter und Protestanten angleichen. Für die Kinder aus unteren sozialen Schichten sowie der entsprechenden Nationalitäten ist dies jedoch überhaupt nicht der Fall, sie bleiben die grosse benachteiligte Gruppe an den Zürcher Mittelschulen. Auf dem Hintergrund dieses Befundes stellt sich die Frage, warum die Diskussionen über die soziale Chancengleichheit trotz unerfüllten Ansprüchen versiegt sind.
Bildungsexpansion, Reform der Sekundarstufe I und Pädagogische Arbeitsstellen
Authors: Kussau Jürgen , Oertel Lutz
Published: October 2020

Der Beitrag befasst sich mit Funktionen und Wirkungen der Pädagogischen Arbeitsstellen in den Kantonen Bern und Zürich. Sie wurden in den 1970er-Jahren in den Erziehungsdirektionen eingerichtet. Dort sollten sie wissenschaftliche Informationen mit zentraler Planung als neuem Politikmodus verklammern und sich u.a. an einer der Folgen der Bildungsexpansion, der Strukturreform der Sekundarstufe I, bewähren. Die wissensbasierte Verwaltungsreform wurde zwar als Voraussetzung für Schulreform verstanden. Die wissenschaftliche Informationsfunktion geriet jedoch bald in politische Widersprüche zwischen funktionaler Öffnung des Schulsystems (Demokratisierung, Qualifikation) und statusbewahrender Bildungsbegrenzung. Mit dieser Hypothek belastet, konnte Bildungsplanung ihre Handlungsfähigkeit nur in dem Mass sichern, wie sie sich politischen Rationalitätsmassstäben fügte. Zwar lässt sich eine Verwissenschaftlichung der Politik feststellen, wissenschaftliche Informationen bleiben aber in politische Bezüge unterschiedlicher Handlungs- und Wertorientierungen eingebunden.
Faire face aux exigences de comparabilité dans l’évaluation des compétences en langue seconde
Authors: Monnard Isabelle , Tièche Chantal
Published: October 2020

L’enseignement traditionnel des langues ne produisant pas les résultats escomptés, diverses solutions sont volontiers proposées pour tenter d’y remédier. Cependant, il est très difficile de comparer la pertinence et le succès de ces diverses propositions, car on ne dispose pas d’instruments de mesure aisément transposables.  Deux obstacles majeurs peuvent être repérés. Premièrement, comment comparer les performances d’élèves recueillies dans des circonstances et par des procédures d’évaluation différentes, des situations de test et des situations d’expression spontanée, par exemple? En second lieu, comment établir de l’extérieur le niveau de difficulté des énoncés compris ou produits par les élèves lorsque la nature exacte des situations travaillées en classe n’est pas la même et de plus, souvent décrite de manière insuffisamment explicite?  Cet article présente une réflexion sur ces obstacles et la solution que nous proposons pour les surmonter. Nous avons développé un instrument permettant de définir le niveau de difficulté des énoncés quel que soit le contexte d’évaluation et les situations travaillées en classe. Un premier test de cet instrument, élaboré au moyen du paradigme de la généralisabilité figure dans la seconde partie.
Dolz, Joaquim et Ollagnier, Edmée (Ed.). (2000). L’énigme de la compétence en éducation. (Raisons éducatives, 1999/1-2).
Authors: Thévenaz Thérèse
Published: October 2020

Recension
Gajo, Laurent et Mondada, Lorenza (2000). Interactions et acquisitions en contexte. Modes d’appropriation de compétences discursives plurilingues par des jeunes immigrés.
Authors: Plazaola Giger Itziar
Published: October 2020

Recension
Travail du professeur et activité de l’élève dans les dispositifs d’aide aux élèves en difficulté: un exemple, les groupes de consolidation
Authors: Amigues René
Published: October 2020

En réponse à l’échec scolaire, les politiques éducatives proposent des dispositifs de consolidation en classe de sixième pour les élèves en difficulté en français et en mathématiques. Le processus de transposition induit par une telle organisation engendre une différence entre un apprentissage par enseignement, en vigueur dans les classes, et une aide à l’apprentissage, relativement indépendante de l’enseignement. Cet écart est à l’origine des difficultés éprouvées par les enseignants – parce que ces dispositifs ne s’inscrivent pas dans le prolongement de leur expérience professionnelle – et par les élèves – parce qu’ils produisent des malentendus didactiques chez ceux qui sont censés bénéficier d’une aide supplémentaire. Loin d’être naturelles, ces modifications organisationnelles posent la question de l’évolution du travail du professeur, des genres scolaires de transmission et des activités des élèves qui sont indissociablement liés au fonctionnement de l’école et à son évolution.
Oelkers, Jürgen und Osterwalder, Fritz (Hrsg.) (1999). Die Neue Erziehung. Beiträge zur Internationalität der Reformpädagogik.
Authors: Fees Konrad
Published: October 2020

Rezension
Rüegg Susanne (2000). Weiterbildung und Schulentwicklung. Eine empirische Studie zur Zusammenarbeit von Lehrerinnen und Lehrern (2000).
Authors: Faulstich-Wieland Hannelore
Published: October 2020

Rezension
Criblez, Lucien et Hofstetter, Rita (avec Périsset Bagnoud, Danièle) (Ed.) (2000). La formation des enseignant(e)s primaires. Histoire et réformes actuelles. Die Ausbildung von Primarlehrer/innen. Geschichte und aktuelle Reformen
Authors: Maulini Olivier
Published: October 2020

Recension
Dohmen, Dieter (1999). Ausbildungskosten, Ausbildungsförderung und Familienlastenausgleich – Eine ökonomische Analyse unter Berücksichtigung rechtlicher Rahmenbedingungen. Abhandlungen zu Bildungsforschung und Bildungsrecht,
Authors: Wolter Stefan C.
Published: October 2020

Rezension
Gather Thurler, Monica (2000). Innover au coeur de l’établissement scolaire.
Authors: Cardinet Jean
Published: October 2020

Recension
Weiss, Manfred und Weishaupt, Horst (Hrsg.) (2000). Bildungsökonomie und Neue Steuerung.
Authors: Mangold Max
Published: October 2020

Rezension
Weiterbildungsbereitschaft junger Erwachsener in der Schweiz. Erste Ergebnisse aus den Eidgenössischen Jugend- und Rekrutenbefragungen «ch-x» 2000/2001
Authors: Bieri Buschor Christine , Forrer Esther , Maag Merki Katharina
Published: October 2020

Dieser Beitrag präsentiert erste Ergebnisse aus den «eidgenössischen Jugend- und Rekrutenbefragungen ch-x» (YAS, Young Adult Survey), welche überfachliche Kompetenzen von 14’905 18- bis 22-jährigen Erwachsenen befragt. Junge Erwachsene zeigen eine grosse Bereitschaft, sich in den ersten fünf Jahren nach der Ausbildung beruflich weiterzubilden. Diskutiert wird ein regressionsanalytisches Weiterbildungsmodell. Als wichtige Prädiktoren der Weiterbildungsbereitschaft wurden Leistungsmotivation, politisches Interesse, Kontingenzüberzeugung, Selbstwirksamkeit, Kooperationsfähigkeit, Selbständigkeit sowie das Ausbildungsniveau der Befragten eruiert.
De quelle cité suis-je le citoyen ? Prolégomènes pour un débat sur l’éducation à la citoyenneté
Authors: Bourgeault Guy
Published: October 2020

Bürger welchen Gemeinwesens bin ich? Nach der Darstellung der allgemeinen Problemstellung und der grossen Linien eines seit zehn Jahren in Montréal laufenden Forschungsprogrammes sowie auf der Basis der vorliegenden Daten werden die Bedingungen des heutigen Bürgerseins beschrieben, die an die Figur des «polyglotten Nomaden» erinnern. Als Schlussforgerung werden einige Vorschläge zur Diskussion gestellt, die das Verhältnis von Wissen und politischer Bildung betreffen.
How to Know This Is a Good Thing: A Developmental Analysis of Inter-Cultural, Anti-Racist Education
Authors: Blakeney Ronnie F.
Published: October 2020

The tension between cultural pluralism and social cohesion is perhaps the single most resonant moral paradox for contemporary democracies. The challenge is no less daunting for public education. In the past forty years North American projects for Inter-cultural and Anti-racist education have had limited success. This paper argues that such projects have suffered from an unclear moral vision and from a pedagogical indifference to the developmental stages of children and adolescents as learners. This paper describes two distinct moral aims of education for democratic citizenship. It argues that the tension between the two approaches can be resolved by reference to the developmental needs of various groups of learners. A developmental approach to Inter-Cultural, Anti-racist Education is outlined.
La pédagogie coopérative: De la formation à la mise en pratique
Authors: Lehraus Katia
Published: October 2020

Cet article vise à rendre compte d’une étude portant sur la mise en pratique d’une approche à laquelle des enseignants primaires genevois ont été formés: la pédagogie coopérative. Quelques enjeux concernant la formation continue des enseignants sont exposés, ainsi que les aspects méthodologiques de la recherche effectuée. L’analyse des données montre que les planifications d’activités examinées et les pratiques déclarées par les enseignants interviewés correspondent globalement aux caractéristiques de la pédagogie coopérative. Cependant, diverses modalités de mise en oeuvre apparaissent, liées notamment à la manière de prendre en compte l’aspect social de l’approche. Les éléments de réponse concernant les facteurs affectant la mise en pratique permettent de dégager quelques implications pour la formation continue à la pédagogie coopérative
Roos, Markus (2001). Ganzheitliches Beurteilen und Fördern in der Primarschule: eine Untersuchung, wie erweiterte Beurteilungsformen erfolgreich umgesetzt werden können.
Authors: Herzog Silvio
Published: October 2020

Rezension
Lenoir, Yves, Rey, Bernard, Roy, Gérard-Raymond & Lebrun, Johanne (Ed.) (2001). Le manuel scolaire et l’intervention éducative. Regards critiques sur ses apports et ses limites.
Authors: Plane Sylvie
Published: October 2020

Recension
Späte Reformen. Annäherung der Lehrerinnen- und Lehrerbildung an die Universität
Authors: Herzog Walter
Published: October 2020

Das Pädagogische hat im Verlaufe des 20. Jahrhunderts nicht nur an Bedeutung gewonnen, sondern auch einen Bedeutungswandel erfahren. Die hermeneutische Denkform ist nicht mehr in der Lage, die pädagogische Wirklichkeit angemessen zu reflektieren. Gefordert ist eine Wissensform, die den Binnenraum des Pädagogischen zu sprengen und dessen gesellschaftliche Verflechtung zu erkennen vermag. Soll die Reform der Lehrerinnen- und Lehrerbildung, wie sie zur Zeit in der Schweiz im Gang ist, zu mehr Professionalität im Lehrerberuf führen, ist eine Partnerschaft mit einer Erziehungswissenschaft angezeigt, die das Pädagogische empirisch anzugehen vermag. Dabei ist der Nutzen der Erziehungswissenschaft für das pädagogische Handeln in seiner Relativität anzuerkennen.
La recherche dans les Hautes Ecoles Pédagogiques. Premiers repères
Authors: Weiss Jacques
Published: October 2020

Les Hautes Ecoles Pédagogiques (HEP), institutions supérieures de formation des maîtres, ont à intégrer la recherche dans la formation initiale et continue des enseignants enfantins, primaires et secondaires. De quelle nature sera dès lors cette recherche? Sur quel objet portera-t-elle? Qui la réalisera et comment? L’article effectue tout d’abord un détour par les universités et les recherches qui s’y mènent pour tenter d’affiner la compréhension de ce que devrait être la recherche dans les HEP. Les expériences accumulées à l’étranger, en France, dans les Instituts universitaires de formation des maîtres, et au Québec où la formation des enseignants s’effectue depuis de nombreuses années dans le cadre universitaire apportent également, à leur manière, quelques réponses à ces questions.Qu’en est-il dans les HEP à l’heure de l’ouverture de ces nouvelles institutions de formation et de recherche? Personne ne sera surpris d’apprendre que, dans ce pays fédéraliste, les conceptions sont diverses et les applications envisagées fort différentes d’un canton à l’autre. Quelques projets contrastés sont alors présentés desquels sont extraites quelques constantes, à savoir la pertinence des recherches engagées pour la formation des enseignants et l’exigence de compétences scientifiques des formateurs-chercheurs.
Forschung zur Lehrerausbildung in Deutschland – eine bilanzierende Übersicht der neueren empirischen Studie
Authors: Schaefers Christine
Published: October 2020

Vor dem Hintergrund der aktuellen Lehrerbildungsdebatte in Deutschland gibt der Beitrag eine bilanzierende Übersicht über die neueren Erkenntnisse der deutschen Lehrerbildungsforschung zur ersten und zweiten Phase der Lehrerausbildung. Die wenigen, vor allem quantitativ ausgerichteten und als Querschnittuntersuchungen angelegten Studien vermitteln überwiegend nur punktuelle Einsichten in das komplexe Lehrerbildungssystem. Insbesondere fehlen systematische, theoriegeleitete Lehrerbildungsforschung sowie breit angelegte Evaluationsstudien, die Standort- und Ländervergleiche unterschiedlicher Lehrerbildungsmodelle ermöglichen. Erst wenn Lehrerbildungsforschung einen empirisch gesicherten Wissensbestand über das System und seine Wirksamkeit bereitstellt, sind fundierte Entscheidungen über Weiterentwicklung, Um- oder Neustrukturierung der Lehrerbildung möglich.