bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SPECIFIC ASPECTS OF ANESTHESIA IN PROCTOLOGY
Authors: Janković Radmilo , Stošić Marija
Published: May 2019

Proctology, as a domain of abdominal surgery, deals with the treatment of diseases affecting the end part of the large bowel, it’s terminal 20 cm, to which anus anatomically belongs as well. In view of the physiological role of this part of the digestive tract (stool control), all the diseases and disorders in the region cause patient discomfort and produce significant problems in everyday life. On account of that, diagnostic management should be performed promptly in order that effective treatments could be introduced as soon as possible. The most commonly used techniques of anesthesia in proctology are local anesthesia, independent or in combination with intravenous analgosedation, regional anesthesia (spinal and epidural), and general anesthesia. Local anesthesia combined with analgosedation has been the preferred approach in recent studies, since it is able to provide adequate settings for the planned surgery, patient comfort and minimization of side effects. An adequate anesthesia technique reduces metabolic response to surgical stress and length of hospitalization, which markedly affects cost-effectiveness of the treatment.
SISTEM PENGENDALIAN INTERN PEMERINTAH ATAS AKUNTABILITAS PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN DANA DESA DI KECAMATAN SEMBAWA
Authors: Martini Rita
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this research was to analysis the influence of government internal control system (GICS), consists of the control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication, and monitoring control to accountability of village fund finance management. Sample was determined by using purposive sampling that were village government who holds a position in finance village fund in Sembawa District Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra Province. The data were collected through questionnaires. The respondents are the head of the village, the secretary of the village, the treasurer of the village, section head, and village consultative agency. The data were analyzed by multiple linear regressions. The results showed that partially and simultaneously GICS components have significant effect on the accountability of village fund finance management.
Legal limitations for the use of breakthrough digital technologies in public administration
Authors: Yuzhakov V N , Talapina E V , Yefremov A A
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this study is to identify legal constraints for the digitalization and digital transformation of public administration, based on the introduction and application of breakthrough digital technologies. The research methodology is based on the distinction between the stages of informatization, digitalization and digital transformation, as well as the identiﬁcation of legal barriers to digitalization and digital transformation of public administration by individual stages of the management cycle and individual public functions. As a result of the analysis, both general barriers to digitalization and digital transformation of public administration, and special barriers for each stage of the management cycle were identiﬁed and systematized. The necessity of eliminating the identiﬁed legal barriers to the digitalization and digital transformation of the public administration has been substantiated by introducing a set of changes in federal legislation and sub-legal regulatory legal acts.
New public service based on citizen centric on Malang licensing services in era of decentralization
Authors: Suharnoko Dwi , Chayatin Umi , Dinata Chandra
Published: May 2019

An important point in good governance is Essentially the provision of excellent service to people who have citizenship rights that must be provided by the government. Globalization has encouraged the paradigm changes in government in carrying out its distributive function to the community. As much as developed countries have done, public encouragement accompanied by public participation in all governance processes leads the country to a “virtual” spaces with suﬃcient coverage to Facilitate its citizens to Participate in all national and state aﬀairs, the autonomy of space given to the region is Able to Make local Governments self-reliant, innovative, and creative in providing services to the community. The research conducted in the Integrated Licensing Service Agency of Malang Regency shows that the satisfaction of the society is good enough to the service product given, if it is Categorized the assessment from the public perception of the service given is A (very good). To achieve that, of course, the integrated licensing agency of Malang regency through a long way to reach it starting from building a mutual commitment to change the more autonomous institution in carrying out the service function to the society.
Analysis of the Russian experience in reforming control and supervisory activities (part 2)
Authors: Maslennikova E V
Published: May 2019

The modern period of reform of control and Supervisory activities is full of events, novelties of norm-setting, social experiments. In recent years, the main vector of reforms is aimed at respecting the interests of controlled objects in the preparation and conduct of control and Supervisory activities, the introduction of risk-based control, allowing to concentrate resources for control and supervision in those areas where there is a high probability of violation of the values protected by law. The article considers the dynamics and the main results of the reform of control and Supervisory activities. Among the positive results of the reform are the pilot implementation of a risk-based approach in control and supervisory activities, a system for evaluating the eﬀectiveness and eﬃciency of control and supervisory activities. Some positive dynamics emerged in the application of checklists. From the point of view of the author, insufﬁcient attention is paid to questions of a critical analysis of the need and suﬃciency of control and supervisory activities in terms of the protection of legally protected values; the possibility of replacing state control and supervision by other, including non-state institutions. The author substantiates the conclusion about the analysis of the need for control (supervision), systematization of control and Supervisory functions and audit of mandatory requirements before making and implementing decisions related to the technological aspects of control (supervision). Also, proposals are made to adjust the provisions contained in the draft law “on state and municipal control (supervision) in the Russian Federation”.
Social innovation and management: cross-national determinants and aggregate variables
Authors: Schultz David
Published: May 2019

Numerous studies have examined on a micro and macro level factors that inﬂuence innovation at the individual, agency, or business level. Yet there is little research on cross-national variables associated with innovation at the nation-state scale. Drawing upon existing databases, this paper examines the factors associated with some countries being labeled as more or less innovative, suggesting policies that might be enacted to promote social innovation and management. It ﬁnds that national innovation rankings are modestly correlated with democratic freedoms, control of corruption, regulatory quality, and percentage of the population with tertiary education. However when a multifactor test is performed, these factors provide signiﬁcant evidence of cross-national and aggregate determinants associated with innovation.
THE PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF OTIC BAROTRAUMA AMONG AIRCREW MEMBERS
Authors: SULTAN INTESSAR , KHALID KHAYAT SHAHAD , REDHA GAROUT IBTIHAL , SHAKER ALAHMADI LAYAN , AHMAD ALI ALZAHRANY ABDLAZIZ
Published: May 2019

Barotrauma is the most prevalent medical problem associated with airplane travel (traveling) and has been a causal factor in the aviation accident. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of otic barotrauma and its risk factors among the aircrew members. This cross sectional study included 267 aircrew members (116 pilots and 151 flight attendants) who presented themselves to the outpatient clinic at â€œSaudi Airlines Medical Servicesâ€ for assessment of their fitness before the flight. The participants were selected using a non-probability consecutive sample over the study period from January to September 2018. They were interviewed face to face about their socio-demographic and job characteristics, the risk factors for barotrauma, as well as the symptoms of ear trauma. Otic barotrauma was found in 39% and 14.4 % had repeated barotrauma. Increased odds ratios of barotrauma were detected among Saudis (OR 2.5 (95% CI: 1.4-4.4)) (p=0.002), smokers (OR 1.8 (95% CI: 1.13-3.1)) (p=0.015), pilots (OR 1.8 (95% CI: 1.1-2.9))(p=0.026), those with allergy (OR 2.6 (95% CI: 1.2-5.5)(p=0.012), members working for > 70 hours per month (OR 2.5 (95% CI: 1.5-4.2))(p=0.000), and in females with hormonal disturbance (OR 2.9 (955 CI: 1.2- 6.7)) (p=0.016) or on hormonal therapy (OR 2.6 (95% CI: 1.1- 6.4)) (p=0.028). 39% of aircrew members at Saudi airlines had ear barotrauma and 14.4% had repeated heart attacks. The risk of barotrauma was increased among pilots, Saudis, smokers, those with allergy or hormonal disturbance, or working for >70 hours/month. We recommend to limit smoking on flights, decrease total hours of duties <70 per month (especially for pilots), and to do regular ENT exam for all aircrew members.
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ORGANIC LEAF EXTRACT OF SESBANIA SESBAN AGAINST GRAM NEGATIVE PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
Authors: NIROSHA MUKKALI , PAVANI KANKANALA , KOMALA PRIYA ARUNACHALAM , HASEENA URIMILLA , JYOTHSNA SANGEETHAM
Published: May 2019

Sesbania sesban, belonging to family Leguminosae, is a well-recognized medicinal plant. It is widely distributed in our country. Sesbania sesban is an erect, branched small tree up to 6 m tall with soft wood and paripinnate leaves. Flowers are yellow with brown streaks on the corolla. Fruits are sub cylindrical and shortly beaked. Seeds are green or brown and usually mottled. The plant is used as carminative, antihelmintic, astringent, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antifertility, demulcent and purgative. It is also given as a medicine against fever andulcers. The medicinal value of plants depends up on the chemical compounds that produce in in the human body during a specific reaction. chemical substances responsible for such reactions are called secondary metabolites. The most important of these bioactive compounds are alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, tannins and phenolic compounds. By keeping these properties of bioactive compounds of Sesbania sesban in view the present investigation was undertaken to screen phytochemical constituents. Preliminary phytochemical screening of leaf in three different extracts (ethanol, methanol and aqueous extract) revealed the presence of carbohydrates, tannins, saponins, glycosides, steroids, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, alkaloids and glycosides which indicated antimicrobial activity of the Sesbania sesban leaves. The other objective was to investigate antimicrobial activity of three solvent extracts against gram negative pathogenic bacteria viz, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Among the three extracts, ethanol showed the maximum activity. Zone of inhibition caused by ethanol against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae at (50Âµl, 100Âµl, 150Âµl) is 25%, 24.5% and 18.8% higher, respectively than caused by methanol and aqueous extracts of Sesbania leaves. Ethanol extract of Sesbanialeaves potentially act as antimicrobial agent
Alignment of Classroom Instruction with Indonesian National Standards
Authors: SUWARNO RUMTINI , RANDALL EARL VANCE , HITE JULIE M
Published: May 2019

This study examines the degree of alignment between classroom instruction and national curriculum standards. This alignment may vary as a function of teacher characteristics. Using self-reports from teachers about their experiences teaching the national curriculum standards, the study explores the extent to which classroom instruction aligns with Indonesian national standards in the following nationally-assessed subjects: Indonesian, English, science, and mathematics. A mixed multilevel regression analyses was used to examine the relationships between alignments and teacher characteristics. The study involved 501 junior secondary school teachers from three western provinces in Indonesia (Lampung, Jakarta, and East Java).  The findings showed that the majority of teachers taught 100% of the topics outlined in the national curriculum standards. However, a small number of teachers had taught less than 100% of the required topics. In fact, some of them had only taught less than 70%.  As the Indonesian educational system used standards-based national exams, skipping topics in classroom instruction may significantly affect student achievement because test items are developed based on the curriculum standards.  In terms of the relationships of alignments with teacher characteristics such as gender, working status, college major, level of education, years of teaching experience and professional development, the findings suggested that these relationships varied. Theoretically, this research provides two contributions: (1) lacking research in the area of curriculum standards and classroom instruction as mediator of student competencies, the findings of this study make an important contribution to the current research of the standards-based education system; (2) predicting alignments as a function of teacher characteristics in this study contributes to the theoretical discussion of teacher characteristics and their possible effects on classroom instruction.
ICT-Pedagogy Integration in Elementary Classrooms: Unpacking the Pre-service Teachers’ TPACK
Authors: MERCADO MARK GILL M. , IBARRA FLORANTE P
Published: May 2019

This study aimed to investigate the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) self-efficacy and ICT integration skills of elementary pre-service teachers in elementary classrooms. The respondents were fifty-two (52) elementary pre-service teachers enrolled in the student teaching program at the Central Luzon State University. Results revealed that most of respondents perceived themselves to be highly proficient in all domains of TPACK framework: Technology Knowledge (TK), Content Knowledge (CK), Pedagogical Knowledge (PK), Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK), Technological Content Knowledge (TCK), Technological Pedagogical Knowledge (TPK) and Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPCK). Most of them were found to be good in integrating ICT in classroom instruction, particularly in terms of planning and implementation.Respondents’ GPA in Educational Technology and ICT-related courses was found to have negative significant relationship with their planning and implementation of ICT-Integrated instruction. Their TPACK self-efficacy had a highly significant relationship with their planning and implementation of ICT-integrated instruction.
The Power of Questioning: Teacher’s Questioning Strategies in the EFL Classrooms
Authors: ASTRID ANISSA , AMRINA RIZQY DWI , DESVITASARI DETA , FITRIANI UCI , SHAHAB AISYAH
Published: May 2019

The aims of the study were to investigate English teachers’ questioning strategies at one Madrasah in Palembang, South Sumatera. The qualitative research method with a case study approach was employed to look at the ways of the English teachers’ questioning strategies in the processes of teaching and learning and the reasons that made them use certain questioning strategies. The participants in this study were English teachers. We used observation and interviews as our data collection techniques. The observation was used to look at the teacher’s questioning types used in the daily practices of teaching in the EFL classroom while the interview was used to understand the reasons that made them use those types of questioning strategies. Our findings showed three types of teacher’s questioning strategies used by teachers in their teaching and learning processes including convergent, divergent, and procedural questions. Teachers mostly used convergent questions (yes/no and short answers). We also found five reasons why teachers preferred to those types of questioning strategies including recalling students’ understanding, attracting students’ attention, increasing students’ thinking in higher order level, and engaging students in learning activities. Implications and recommendations are also discussed.
Essential Office Procedures for Medicare Patients in Primary Care: Comparison With Family Medicine Residency Training
Authors: Poulin Eric A. , Swartz Andrew W. , O'Grady Jason S. , Kersten Mclean Phillip M. , Angstman Kurt B.
Published: May 2019

Background and Objectives: Demographic trends show an increasing older adult population. Therefore, family medicine training programs may need to reevaluate how well their residents perform clinic procedures essential to older adults. Our objective was to compare the rates of the most frequently performed clinic procedures for Medicare patients in a large multiregional health care system (MRHCS) with those in a family medicine residency clinic.
Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, Current Procedural Terminology coding data were queried from the billing systems of an MRHCS (the control group) and a family medicine residency clinic (the study group) for a 3-year period. The primary outcome was the procedural rate ratios per 1,000 office visits for the 10 most common clinic procedures in the MRHCS billed to Medicare.
Results: The study group consisted of 19,099 office visits by Medicare patients to the residency clinic; the control group consisted of 2,034,188 visits to the MRHCS. Except for large joint injection, procedural rates were significantly different for the other nine procedures (destruction of benign skin lesions, nail care, punch or shave skin biopsy, removal of impacted cerumen, wound debridement of skin, Unna boot application, excision of skin lesion, paring of corn or callus, and insertion of bladder catheter). The rate of skin excision was higher in the residency clinic than in the MRHCS but lower for the other eight procedures.
Conclusions: These data suggest that teaching programs may need to adapt to meet the current and future practice needs of this increasing patient population.
Colorado Residency PCMH Project: Results From a 6-Year Transformation Effort
Authors: Fernald Douglas , Hall Tristen , Montgomery Linda , Hartman Chandra , Jortberg Bonnie , Buscaj Emilie , King Jaclyn , Dickinson Miriam , Dickinson W.  Perry
Published: May 2019

Background and Objectives: Our objective was to describe the results of a 6-year patient-centered medical home (PCMH) transformation program in 11 Colorado primary care residency practices.
Methods: We used a parallel qualitative and quantitative evaluation including cross-sectional surveys of practice staff and clinicians, group and individual interviews, meeting notes, and longitudinal practice facilitator field notes. Survey analyses assessed change over time, adjusting for practice-level random effects. Qualitative data analysis used iterative template coding and matrix analyses to synthesize data over time and across cases.
Results: There were significant improvements in clinicians’ self-reported routine delivery of patient-centered care, team-based care, self-management support, and use of information systems (P<.0001). Clinicians and staff reported significant gains in practice change culture (P=.001). Self-reported practice-level assessments pointed to additional significant improvements in quality improvement (QI) processes, continuity of care, self-management support/care coordination, and the use of data and population management (P≤.0215). Practices and their practice facilitators reported important changes in how practices operated, significantly improving their QI processes, shared leadership, change culture, and achieving Level III PCMH NCQA Recognition. Important barriers to further progress remain, including inadequate payment models, inflexible staff roles, and difficult access to clinical data.
Conclusions: The success of these 11 primary care residency practices in making significant improvements in their delivery of patient-centered care, team-based care, self-management support, and use of information systems took time, effort, and external support. Further practice redesign for advanced primary care models will take sustained sources of well-aligned support, flexibility, shared leadership, and partnerships across residency programs for collaborative learning to assist in their transformation efforts.
Primer registro del murciélagoTrinycteris nicefori (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) en la Península de Nicoya, Guanacaste, Costa Rica
Authors: Cubero Vasquez Oscar , Artavia Duran Eduardo
Published: May 2019

La especie Trinycteris nicefori es un murciélago escaso a lo largo de su distribución en América, en algunos países sus poblaciones se han declarado vulnerables ante la extinción. Solamente Tres de 46 localidades históricamente reportan T. nicefori en la costa pacífica del continente, una de ellas en el pacífico Norte de Costa Rica propiamente en Cañas, Guanacaste, en el río Higuerón. En el período comprendido entre el año 2014 y el año 2016 se capturaron dos individuos de T. nicefori en dos cavernas del Parque Nacional Barra Honda, ubicado en la Península de Nicoya, al noroeste de Costa Rica, siendo el primer registro de esta especie para la Península y el segundo para la costa pacífica del País. Se sugiere que la abundancia de cavernas en el Área Silvestre Protegida representa un recurso atractivo que contribuye a la presencia de esta especie.
Time to deconstruct the concepts of “foreplay” and “intercourse”: the real structure of human sexual encounters
Authors: Monge-Nájera Julian , Rodriguez Mariana , Gonzalez Maria Isabel
Published: May 2019

Historically, the study of sexual behavior has been affect­ed by diffuse concepts such as foreplay and coitus; the unreliability of self reports; and Eurocentrism. Here we deal with those problems and present data on frequency of sexual positions and stopwatch measure­ments of foreplay activities from direct observation of video recordings by 604 heterosexual Latin American couples.The most frequent posi­tions were “woman on her hands and knees”; “woman on bed with man standing”, and “woman sitting on man”. The most frequent activities were fellatio; manual stimulation of the penis; and manual stimulation of the vulva. The longest mean durations of particular activities were 67 seconds for coitus, 37 s for fellatio and 34 s for petting. These frequency results differ from reports from the USA, possibly because of cultural differences but more probably because our results are based on what the couples actually do (rather on what they report, as in the American studies). Previous studies have merged a complex variety of sexual activities into a single imprecise category called “foreplay” and ours seems to be the first study to “deconstruct” foreplay into its individual components, and to use objective measurements of their duration
Ampliación de ámbito del murciélago Lasiurus ega (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) en Honduras
Authors: Bocanegra Victor D , Merida Julio , Cruz Gustavo A
Published: May 2019

En Honduras se encuentran cinco especies registradas del genero Lasiurus, se está presentando una ampliación de ámbito para Lasiurus ega en Honduras con una nueva localidad en el departamento de Atlántida, así mismo se añade un mamífero al listado de especies del Parque Nacional Nombre de Dios (PNND). El espécimen proviene de la laguna de El Cacao (PNND). Fue asignado a la especie basado en características morfológicas únicas como el color, dientes, tamaño total y tamaño de antebrazo. Considerando la poca información existente del grupo Chiroptera en Honduras se recomienda más estudios siste­máticos en todo el país.
Biología alimentaria de Syrigma sibilatrix (aves: Ardeidae) en un humedal del Río Paraná Medio, Argentina
Authors: Olguín Pamela Fernanda , Siamonetti Pia , Leon Evelina Jésica , Beltzer Adolfo Hector , Lorenzon Rodrigo Ezequiel
Published: May 2019

Se estudió la dieta de Syrigma sibilatrix (n=19) en la isla Carabajal (31°39’ S y 60°42’ O) desde 1999 hasta 2003. El espectro trófico resultó integrado por 14 entidades taxonómicas de la fracción animal. El índice de diversidad trófica de Brillouin varió entre 0,23 - 2,15. Los valores del índice de importancia relativa fueron: insectos = 10780, arácnidos y crustáceos= 1800 y vertebrados= 1750. La mayoría de las presas estuvieron representadas por organismos comprendidos en los intervalos 0-20 mm (45%) y 21-40 mm (35%). Los valores de la amplitud del nicho trófi­co por estación fueron de 1,98 en primavera, 2,34 en verano, 2,21 en otoño y 1,99 en invierno mientras que los valores estandarizados fueron de 0,075 en primavera, 0,10 en verano, 0,09 en otoño y de 0,076 en invierno. La eficiencia alimentaria fue de 96,01% en primavera, 98,3% en verano, 89,9% en otoño y 92,34% en invierno. No se encontró evidencia de selectividad dietaria. El mayor porcentaje de uso de hábitat (69%) correspondió a la unidad ambiental de pastizal. En conclusión, los resultados indicaron que en la planicie de inundación del río Paraná medio, S. sibilatrix tiene una dieta basada principalmente en insectos que obtiene principalmente en la unidad ambiental de pastizal
First record of the Two-Spot Razorfish, Iniistius bimaculatus (Perciformes: Labridae) from Digha, North-East Coast of India
Authors: Pradhan Alakesh , Mahapatra Bijay Kali
Published: May 2019

In India, the two spotted razor fish is not among the main commercially important fisheries but has food and ornamental value. We report the occurrence of Iniistius bimaculatus (Rüppell, 1829) in Digha based on a 199mm long specimen. This species was previously reported in India only from the south-eastern and western coasts. Morphometric and meristic measurements were taken and the specimen was deposited in ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Kolkata Centre Museum.
Determinación del tamaño y la forma de unidad experimental, con el método de curvatura máxima, para ensayos de rendimiento de maíz (Zea mays), Guanacaste, Costa Rica
Authors: Vargas Rojas Jorge Claudio , Navarro Flores Juan Ramon
Published: May 2019

Se realizó un estudio con el objetivo de determinar el tamaño y la forma adecuados de unidad experimental para ensayos de rendimiento con maíz en el cantón de Santa Cruz, Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Se sembró un ensayo de uniformidad y los datos obtenidos fueron empleados para aplicar el método de curvatura máxima. El punto de curvatura máxima -determinado por inspección visual- donde la curva producto de la asociación entre tamaño de parcela y coeficiente de variación deja de caer abruptamente y adquiere un comportamiento casi constante, estuvo ubicado entre 12 y 16 unidades básicas. Por medio de la primera derivada se estimó que el punto de curvatura máxima estuvo en 12 unidades. Mediante el método que Fairfield Smith propuso en 1938 se obtuvo un valor de 0,62 para el índice de heterogeneidad del suelo, lo que indica que el suelo se puede clasificar como heterogéneo (el ámbito de la escala para esta medida va de 0 a 1; donde 0 indica total homogeneidad y 1 total heterogeneidad). No existió diferencias entre las formas asociadas al tamaño de 12 unidades básicas, sin embargo, por cuestiones prácticas se consideró la forma de 6 X 2 como la más adecuada.
Estrategias adicionales de evaluación en una universidad a distancia: ¿alternativas o complementarias al examen escrito?
Authors: Andrés Jimenez Carmen , Calderón Badilla Yency , Herrero Villareal Diana
Published: May 2019

Las estrategias evaluativas alternativas como el portafolio, estudios de caso y proyectos, están tomando auge en contraposición a la tradicional prueba escrita. En este estudio, se analizaron las 307 orientaciones académicas de las asignaturas que se ofertaron duran­te el año 2015 en la Escuela de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (ECEN) de una universidad costarricense, para determinar el tipo de estrategia evaluativa y la presencia de instrucciones y criterios de evaluación “su­mativa”. Por otra parte, se indagó mediante una encuesta el parecer de los Encargados de Cátedra de la ECEN con respecto a las estrategias alternativas de evaluación y la prueba escrita. Se encontró que la prue­ba escrita se utilizó durante el 2015 en menor medida que otras estra­tegias evaluativas (T de Student, p ≤ 0,0001) siendo las más comunes el proyecto, el informe de gira y laboratorio, el foro académico y el estudio de caso. Los encargados de cátedra consideran conveniente combinar estrategias alternativas de evaluación con la prueba escrita, pero se en­contró una tendencia a utilizar más las estrategias alternativas. Se reco­mienda incluir estrategias que fomenten el aprendizaje significativo y reforzar la retroalimentación.
Medication usage, patient health practices, and healthcare accessibility in the community of Tirrases, San Jose, Costa Rica
Authors: Barlow Zoe
Published: May 2019

A survey regarding medication use and health care accessibility was distributed to residents of the urban marginalized community of Tirrases, San Jose, Costa Rica. Individual interviews were conducted with selected patients and medical practitioners to add detail and perspective to the survey responses. One hundred and ninety four individuals responded to the survey, and five individuals were interviewed, four patients and one medical practitioner. Sixteen percent of the surveyed population did not have medical insurance, and comparisons between insured and uninsured populations showed that the uninsured population reported lower levels of chronic illness, use of medication prescribed by doctors, anddecreased frequency of doctor visits. Patients were comfortable overall discussing their medications with their doctors, and the majority used natural medicine. Medical practitioners should be made aware of these medication habits and patient responses to better design patient treatment plans and make medical care and clinic services more accessible for both insured and uninsured patients.
Potential foraging and aggregation zones of the Hawksbill Sea Turtle Eretmochelys imbricata (Testudines: Cheloniidae), near Marino Ballena National Park, Costa Rica
Authors: Bonilla Salazar Adrian , Brenes Arias Oscar
Published: May 2019

Groups of hawksbill sea turtles have been observed over the years, close to the coast of the Marino Ballena National Park. For this reason, in February 2015, we monitored its coast to identify aggregation sites. Turtle size estimates, and identification, were done by direct observation by the divers and from the boat. From February to December 2015, fourteen monitor records per sampling point were done and 41 turtles were recorded. They were 30cm - 80cm long and 59% of the individuals aggregated in one sample point. Five genera of sponges were registered as potential food: Haliclona sp, Spirastrella sp, Mycale sp, Aplyscina sp and Axinella sp and one tunicate, Rhopalaea birkelandi. The E. imbricata population was mainly composed of juveniles, and the turtles were found in zones where they have not been previously reported.
Welfare assessment on dairy cattle farms in eastern Croatia
Authors: Eberhart Nicole , Krawczel Peter , Mijic Pero , Gantner Vesna , Gregic Maja , Bobic Tina
Published: May 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the welfare status of
high-producing Holstein dairy cows on commercial Croatian farms. Lying
behavior data was collected from 278 dairy cows across four farms with
varying milking parlors and housing systems in eastern Croatia for at least
3 days. Data loggers recording at 1-min intervals recorded behaviors: lying
time (min/d), lying bout duration (min/bout), lying bouts (n/d) and
laterality of lying. Acceleration data was summarized into lying behaviors
for each individual cow. Health scores (udder cleanliness, locomotion, and
hock injuries) were also assessed. The univariate procedure was used to
generate mean lying behaviors and health scores by farm with a 95% CI. Mean
lying time per farm ranged from 11.7 ? 2.7 to 10.4 ? 2.7 h/d. Prevalence of
lame cows ranged from 28% to 50%. Heavily soiled udders ranged from 2% to
12%. Prevalence of left hocks with minor to major swelling ranged from 50%
to 100%; prevalence of right hocks with minor to major swelling ranged from
45% to 100%. In conclusion, all farms assessed have opportunities to improve
overall welfare through increasing udder cleanliness and reducing hock
injuries.
Evaluation of some effectiveness elements of the pig breeding industry in Bulgaria, through cluster analysis
Authors: Zapryanova Ivelina
Published: May 2019

An evaluation was made of the effectiveness elements of the pig breeding
industry in Bulgaria in the period 2001-2016, through cluster analysis. The
studied period was divided in 3 subperiods, each one with three similar
groups (clusters). Through application of cluster analysis, the proximity of
the different administration regions in the country was defined in
accordance with certain indicators of the pig breeding effectiveness. It was
found that in the first cluster for the period 2001-2006 fall North-Western
and South-Western region. The North-Eastern and North-Central region form
the second cluster. The South-Eastern and South-Central region fall mainly
into the third cluster. In the first cluster for the period 2007-2011, the
North-Western, South-Western and South-Central regions have a priority with
the lowest number of sold animals. The North-Eastern and the North-Central
region, forming a third cluster, remain with the highest effectiveness of
the pig farming. After the end of 2013 an aggregation of the sector began.
For the period 2012-2016, the second cluster is formed from three regions -
North-Western, South-Western, and South-Central in 2013.
The fatty acid composition of sheep's milk of an autochthonous breed
Authors: Hrkovic-Porobija Amina , Hodzic Aida , Vegara Mensur , Ohran Husein , Softic Almira , Kavazovic Aida , Varatanovic Maja
Published: May 2019

The study included a total of 127 sheep milk samples from two different areas
(Livno and Travnik) in summer feeding period (July, August and September).
Fatty acids in milk were determined by gas chromatography (GC). The animals
were marked with the appropriate number of ear tags on the basis of which we
always took samples from the same animals through different periods. Fatty
acids in milk were determined by gas chromatography and the following fatty
acids composition: butyric acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid,
stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic
acid, docosahexaenoic acid, rumenic acid. The fatty acid content of sheep's
milk in this study showed a tendency of variation, both within and between
sampling areas, and characterized by its relatively high content of saturated
fatty acid (SFA) during the period of harvest.
Chemical composition and in-vitro digestibility of sugarcane bagasse and rice husk treated with three strains of white rot fungi and effective microorganism
Authors: Begna Regasa , Urge Mengistu , Negesse Tegene , Animut Getechewu
Published: May 2019

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of biological treatments of
sugarcane bagasse (SCB) and rice husk (RH) with three strains of white-rot
fungi (WRF) (Pleurotusostreatus (Po), Pleurotusflorida (Pf) and
Trichodermaviride (Tv) and effective microorganism (EM) on the chemical
composition and in-vitro digestibility. The experiment consisted of 2x5
factorial arrangements, two levels of feed (SCB and RH) and five levels of
biological treatments (Control, Po, Pf, Tv, and EM).Treatment of RH with EM,
Tv, Po and Pf, significantly increased crude protein content from 7.90% in
untreated to 7.92, 10.46, 10.61 and 11.35%, respectively. The corresponding
increase in CP% of sugarcane from 2.61% was 3.41, 5.96, 5.89 and
5.95%.Treatments significantly (P<0.001) decreased neutral detergent fiber,
acid detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin cellulose and hemicelluloses
contents with the lowest value recorded for Tv. The IVOMD, IVDMD and
metabolizable energy (ME) were significantly (P<0.001) increased. In
conclusion, the study indicates that treatment of RH with Trichodermaviride
and SCB with EM is more effective than others in improving the nutritive
value of the roughages. We suggest evaluation of the treated roughages on
animal performance.
Vibronic and spin-orbit coupling effects in the absorption spectra of pyrazine: A quantum chemical approach
Authors: Dinkelbach Fabian , Marian Christel
Published: May 2019

Derivatives of dipole transition moments between spin?orbit coupled (SOC) multireference configuration interaction wave functions have been used in conjunction with vibrational frequencies from density functional theories to compute vibronic S1?S0 (11B3u11Ag ) and T1?S0 (13B3u?11Ag) absorption spectra in Herzberg?Teller approximation. The experimentally known spectra are well reproduced. The calculations reveal unexpectedly small spin?orbit couplings between the 13B3u (3n?*) state and nearby optically bright 1B2u (1??*) states, thus explaining the absence of the 1b1g10 (v10a10 ) fundamental in the vibrational fine-structure of the T1?S0 transition. Adiabatically, two triplet states are found below the S1 state. The out-of-plane distorted T2 minimum results from a pseudo Jahn?Teller interaction between two 3??* states of B1u and B2u symmetry. At the D2h-symmetric S0 and S1 minimum geometries, the latter states are located well above S1. The S1 and T2 potentials intersect at geometries far away from the Franck?Condon region. This explains the apparently contradictory results that the linewidth in the higher energy regime above the T1?S0 origin suddenly broadens while no trace of a second triplet state, located energetically below the S1 origin, could be identified in phosphorescence excitation spectra of the ultracold isolated pyrazine molecule.
Association of advanced oxidation protein product, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and total sulfhydryl groups with retinal blood vessels caliber
Authors: Cekic Sonja , Cvetkovic Tatjana , Jovanovic Ivan , Jovanovic Predrag , Stankovic-Babic Gordana , Pesic Milica , Vujanovic Milena
Published: May 2019

Introduction/Objective. Intensive oxidative stress is proven in patients with diabetes mellitus and important in the development of a microvascular complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between morphometric parameters of retinal blood vessels in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and the levels of parameters of oxidative stress: advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and total sulfhydryl (SH) groups in blood samples. Methods. The patients (the group with DR and controls) were sex- and age-matched. Glycaemia, hemoglobin A1C HbA1C, total cholesterol and its fractions, and triglycerides were measured in blood samples. AOPP and total SH groups were determined in the plasma by specific methods. Modification of the thiobarbituric acid method was used for the determination of TBARS. The number and diameter of retinal blood vessels, as morphometric parameters on digital retinal photography, was determined by using the ImageJ software. Student?s t-test was used as the statistical method for the evaluation of differences between the morphometric and blood test parameters. The significance of differences in morphometric parameters of retinal blood was establish by one-way ANOVA. Results. Significantly higher levels of parameters of oxidative stress (AOPP and TBARS) were in the group of patients with DR than in the controls. This difference was also present among the patients with mild and severe forms of DR (AOPP F 77.03, p < 0.001) (TBARS F 63.28, p < 0.001). The diameter of retinal blood vessels correlated with levels of AOPP, but only in patients with mild DR. Conclusion. Parameters of oxidative stress, AOPP and TBARS, may be important for the follow-up of DR. In early stages in diabetic retinopathy, AOPP can be a valuable biomarker.
Mortality prediction and demographic ageing
Authors: Sardon Jean-Paul
Published: May 2019

Since 1970 age at death has much increased. This is greatly due to quick
diminishing of old age mortality rates and sheds a new light on the analysis
of the probable and possible variations to be expected regarding mortality.
Projected numbers of elderly people depend a great deal on the choices made
regarding future mortality. When comparing forecasted hypothetical mortality
with recent actual achievements it is obvious that a certain amount of
pessimism prevails in the forecasts. This prompts us to show greater
boldness when forecasting. However, will the present rise in life
expectancy, especially at higher ages, continue at the same pace or will it
tend to reach its zenith (the biological limit of human life) and when?
According to some experts, we are already approaching the limits of average
human longevity, whereas for others, scientific progress will amply enable
us to push back the age of 85 years determined by the former group.
Improvement in the understanding of the multifactorial process of ageing
will feed the debate but the economic, social and behavioural constraints of
lengthning life spans should not be overlooked. Nevertheless and whatever
age limit is set to define elderly people, based on a fixed or a varying
age, as the age at which remaining life expectancy is constant, a sharp
increase in numbers of elderly people is to be expected.
The role of local self-management in the realization of the system of social care of children
Authors: Gavrilovic Ana
Published: May 2019

Local self-management, in its contemporary meaning, arose in the time modern
state was created, at the transition from feudalism into capitalism. In the
nineteenth and twentieth century, local self-management, in Europe above
all, became a part of the uniform system of state government which had the
following characteristics: the existence of proper territories,
organizational independence of local institutions, the existence of certain
financial and normative independence and the rights of citizens to freely
choose in it a representative body or to directly decide on important
matters of interest for the local community. The development of local
self-management in our country has its roots as early as the Turkish rule,
in the existence of principalities, at the end of the eighteenth century. In
modern times, by the Constitution of the Republic of Serbia from 1990, a
single-level local self-management was established and within it special
decisions for cities. The district is the basic unit of local
self-management in Serbia which has two kinds of jurisdiction:
self-management or authentic and transferred or decentralized. The system of
social care of children, by which certain goals of social and population
policy of the state are achieved, recognizes two kinds of affairs which
local self-management can carry out: authentic and entrusted. Authentic
affairs refer to the institutions for children - preschool institutions and
children?s recreation centers over which local self-management has all
foundation rights. Entrusted affairs of local self-management are making
decisions, in the first degree, on the rights of citizens which has the
characteristic of rights of general interest. In the carrying out of its
authentic and entrusted affairs and authorities, local self-management takes
into consideration, through the Law on social care of children and sublaw
acts, the regulated norms and standards for carrying out the activities of
children?s institutions and realizing the rights of citizens. Apart from
authentic and entrusted affairs, local self-management has the right,
according to the Law on social care of children, to determine other rights
as well in the system of social care of children, a greater scope of rights
and more favorable terms for realization of rights, as well as other forms
of social care of children, if it provides the funds. However, this
supposition can hardly be realized, due to insufficiency of funds as well as
adequate organization and competent expert work.
System and policy of public revenues in Serbia in the function of demographic policy: Possibilities and ranges - review
Authors: Raicevic Bozidar , Gagic Brankica , Pantic Danijel
Published: May 2019

In this paper, possibilities of application of the system and policy of
public revenues in Serbia have been analyzed. The basic finding is that
these possibilities are fairly modest. Already for several years, modern
system of direct taxation of personal income and property, corporate income,
as well as, partly reformed system of sales tax has been in use, in Serbia.
Significant opportunities for achievement of goals of the demographic policy
exist in the proper implementation of the personal income tax, which has not
been the case in practice. Potential solutions in the domain of the
corporate income tax are relatively modest and indirect. Property taxation
and sales tax have modest impact at the demographic policy as well. In the
policy recommendations, authors have tried to offer practical solutions for
the future reshaping of the taxes in order to increase their practical
implementation level in achieving the goals of the demographic policy.
The replacement of generations in Serbia in the period 1950-2000
Authors: Penev Goran
Published: May 2019

The article deals with the replacement of generations in Serbia, its dynamics
in the second half of the 20th century, and the importance of direct
determinants. It points to the major regional differences in the domain of
the population reproduction among the large areas of Serbia (Central Serbia,
Vojvodina, and Kosovo-Metohija). Two approaches of demographic analysis were
applied: period and cohort analysis. Basic indicators, definitions, and
shortcomings were presented. The results of the period analysis indicate
that up until 1988 (with the exceptions of 1957 and 1981), the fertility in
Serbia constantly reached a level of fertility necessary to ensure the
replacement. Since 1989, the net reproduction rate has constantly been below
unity. In Central Serbia and Vojvodina, the population has not been
reproducing itself for more than 45 years (since 1956). The situation has
been completely different in Kosovo-Metohija, where fertility has been above
the level necessary to ensure reproduction during the entire second half of
20th century. The cohort analysis applied to six chosen generations (birth
cohort of 1950, 1955, 1960, 1965, 1970, and 1975) indicates that in Serbia,
only women born in 1960 ensured the replacement. In Central Serbia and
Vojvodina, none of the studied generations succeeded in ensuring the
replacement, while in Kosovo-Metohija all generations did.