bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Greenland ice sheet climate disequilibrium and committed sea-level rise
Authors: Box Jason E. , Hubbard Alun , Bahr David B. , Colgan William T. , Fettweis Xavier , Mankoff Kenneth D. , Wehrlé Adrien , Noël Brice , van den Broeke Michiel R. , Wouters Bert , Bjørk Anders A. , Fausto Robert S.
Published: August 2022

Ice loss from the Greenland ice sheet is one of the largest sources of contemporary sea-level rise (SLR). While process-based models place timescales on Greenland’s deglaciation, their confidence is obscured by model shortcomings including imprecise atmospheric and oceanic couplings. Here, we present a complementary approach resolving ice sheet disequilibrium with climate constrained by satellite-derived bare-ice extent, tidewater sector ice flow discharge and surface mass balance data. We find that Greenland ice imbalance with the recent (2000–2019) climate commits at least 274 ± 68 mm SLR from 59 ± 15 × 103 km2 ice retreat, equivalent to 3.3 ± 0.9% volume loss, regardless of twenty-first-century climate pathways. This is a result of increasing mass turnover from precipitation, ice flow discharge and meltwater run-off. The high-melt year of 2012 applied in perpetuity yields an ice loss commitment of 782 ± 135 mm SLR, serving as an ominous prognosis for Greenland’s trajectory through a twenty-first century of warming.
Foveolar thickness as potential standardized structural outcome measurement in studies of Bietti crystalline dystrophy
Authors: Jenny Laura A. , Liu Pei-Kang , Kolesnikova Masha , Duong Jimmy , Kim Angela H. , Levi Sarah R. , Greenstein Vivienne C. , Tsang Stephen H.
Published: August 2022

Bietti crystalline dystrophy (BCD) is an ultra-rare orphan disorder that can lead to blindness. Because of the variable rates of progression of the disease, it is necessary to identify suitable outcome measurements for tracking progression in BCD. A retrospective analysis of patients with a clinical and genetic diagnosis of BCD was conducted. Four measurements of spectral domain-optical coherence tomography were compared to patients’ best corrected visual acuity. We observed that patients with higher measurements of foveolar thickness, choroidal thickness in the foveolar region, ellipsoid zone band length and the outer nuclear layer + area, had on average better visual acuity. Future studies are needed to validate the structural–functional correlations we observed in BCD and to propose a sensitive and clinically meaningful outcome measurement for tracking this rare, variable disease.
A network analysis of executive functions before and after computerized cognitive training in children and adolescents
Authors: Menu Iris , Rezende Gabriela , Le Stanc Lorna , Borst Grégoire , Cachia Arnaud
Published: August 2022

Executive functions (EFs) play a key role in cognitive and socioemotional development. Factor analyses have revealed an age dependent structure of EFs spanning from a single common factor in early childhood to three factors in adults corresponding to inhibitory control (IC), switching and updating. IC performances change not only with age but also with cognitive training. Surprisingly, few studies have investigated training-related changes in EFs structure. We used the regularized partial correlation network model to analyze EFs structure in 137 typically developing children (9–10 years) and adolescents (15–17 years) before and after computerized cognitive training. Network models (NMs) —a graph theory-based approach allowing us to describe the structure of complex systems— can provide a priori free insight into EFs structures. We tested the hypothesis that training-related changes may mimic developmental-related changes. Quantitative and qualitative changes were detected in the EFs network structure with age and also with cognitive training. Of note, the EFs network structure in children after training was more similar to adolescents’ networks than before training. This study provided the first evidence of structural changes in EFs that are age and training-dependent and supports the hypothesis that training could accelerate the development of some structural aspects of EFs. Due to the sample size, these findings should be considered preliminary before replication in independent larger samples.
Assessing the carbonisation temperatures recorded by ancient charcoals for δ13C-based palaeoclimate reconstruction
Authors: Mouraux C. , Delarue F. , Bardin J. , Nguyen Tu T. T. , Bellot-Gurlet L. , Paris C. , Coubray S. , Dufraisse A.
Published: August 2022

Ancient charcoal fragments, produced by the use of wood as fuel in archaeological contexts or during natural or anthropic forest fires, persist in soil and sediments over centuries to millennia. They thus offer a unique window to reconstruct past climate, especially palaeo-precipitation regimes thanks to their stable carbon isotope composition. However, the initial δ13C of wood is slightly modified as a function of the carbonisation temperature. Carbonisation-induced 13C fractionation is classically investigated through a transfer function between experimental carbonisation temperatures and the carbon content. This approach assumes that the carbon content is conservative through time in ancient charcoals and neglects the potential impact of post-depositional oxidation occurring in soils and sediments. In the present study, we first show that post-depositional oxidation can lead to a large underestimation of past carbonisation temperatures, thereby minimising the estimation of carbonisation-induced 13C fractionations and possibly biasing δ13C-based climate reconstructions. Secondly, by combining carbon content, Fourier-transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy, we propose a new framework to assess the carbonisation temperatures registered in ancient charcoals. This new framework paves the way to reassessing δ13C-based climate reconstruction.
Spectrally resolved autofluorescence imaging in posterior uveitis
Authors: Wintergerst Maximilian W. M. , Merten Nicholas R. , Berger Moritz , Dysli Chantal , Terheyden Jan H. , Poletti Enea , Holz Frank G. , Schäfer Valentin S. , Schmid Matthias , Ach Thomas , Finger Robert P.
Published: August 2022

Clinical discrimination of posterior uveitis entities remains a challenge. This exploratory, cross-sectional study investigated the green (GEFC) and red emission fluorescent components (REFC) of retinal and choroidal lesions in posterior uveitis to facilitate discrimination of the different entities. Eyes were imaged by color fundus photography, spectrally resolved fundus autofluorescence (Color-FAF) and optical coherence tomography. Retinal/choroidal lesions’ intensities of GEFC (500–560 nm) and REFC (560–700 nm) were determined, and intensity-normalized Color-FAF images were compared for birdshot chorioretinopathy, ocular sarcoidosis, acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE), and punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC). Multivariable regression analyses were performed to reveal possible confounders. 76 eyes of 45 patients were included with a total of 845 lesions. Mean GEFC/REFC ratios were 0.82 ± 0.10, 0.92 ± 0.11, 0.86 ± 0.10, and 1.09 ± 0.19 for birdshot chorioretinopathy, sarcoidosis, APMPPE, and PIC lesions, respectively, and were significantly different in repeated measures ANOVA (p < 0.0001). Non-pigmented retinal/choroidal lesions, macular neovascularizations, and fundus areas of choroidal thinning featured predominantly GEFC, and pigmented retinal lesions predominantly REFC. Color-FAF imaging revealed involvement of both, short- and long-wavelength emission fluorophores in posterior uveitis. The GEFC/REFC ratio of retinal and choroidal lesions was significantly different between distinct subgroups. Hence, this novel imaging biomarker could aid diagnosis and differentiation of posterior uveitis entities.
Evaluation of corneal hysteresis after pars plana vitrectomy combined phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation
Authors: Ohta Manami , Wakuta Makiko , Sakuma Ayano , Hasegawa Mina , Hamada Waka , Higashijima Fumiaki , Yoshimoto Takuya , Ogata Tadahiko , Kobayashi Yuka , Kimura Kazuhiro
Published: August 2022

We evaluated the early effects of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) on corneal biomechanics by comparing corneal hysteresis (CH) after cataract surgery (phacoemulsification and aspiration with intraocular lens implantation; PEA + IOL) alone and PPV combined with cataract surgery. This study included 20 eyes (18 patients), who underwent cataract surgery alone (PEA + IOL group), and 28 eyes (27 patients) who underwent PPV combined with cataract surgery (PPV triple group). The CH was 11.1 ± 1.1, 10.4 ± 1.1, and 11.0 ± 1.0 mmHg in the PEA + IOL group and 11.0 ± 1.4, 9.8 ± 1.4, and 10.6 ± 1.6 mmHg in the PPV triple group, preoperatively, at 2 weeks, and 3 months after surgery, respectively. The CH was not significantly different after surgery in the PEA + IOL group, but decreased significantly in the PPV triple group 2 weeks following surgery (p < 0.01). Intraocular pressure (IOP) and central corneal thickness (CCT) did not change significantly after surgery in either group. Preoperatively, there was a positive correlation between CH and CCT in the PPV triple group, but the correlation disappeared postoperatively. In PPV combined with cataract surgery, CH temporarily decreased postoperatively, independent of IOP and CCT. Removal of the vitreous may reduce the elasticity and rigidity of the entire eye.
Efficient liquid phase confiscation of nile blue using a novel hybrid nanocomposite synthesized from guar gum-polyacrylamide and erbium oxide
Authors: Hussain Daud , Khan Suhail Ayoub , Khan Tabrez Alam , Alharthi Salman S.
Published: August 2022

In recent times, biopolymer-metal oxide nanocomposites have gained prominent importance in the attenuation of environmental toxicants from aqueous phase. But lanthanide oxide-based biopolymer nanocomposites have scantly been evaluated for their adsorption potential. A novel guar gum-polyacrylamide/erbium oxide nanocomposite (GG-PAAm/Er2O3NC) adsorbent was synthesized by copolymerization of guar gum (GG) and acrylamide (AAm) utilizingN-N′-methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinker and Er2O3as a reinforcing agent. The adsorptive efficacy of GG-PAAm/Er2O3nanocomposite was evaluated using nile blue (NB) as a model pollutant dye from aquatic system. The prepared adsorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The optimal process parameters, which include dosage (0.8 g/L), agitation time (40 min), initial solution pH (6), and initial NB concentration (80 mg/L) were determined by batch methodology. The equilibrium data for NB confiscation was better expressed by Langmuir isotherm model, with maximal adsorption effectiveness (Qm) of 225.88 mg NB/g demonstrating the actively monolayer adsorption onto homogeneous surface of GG-PAAm/Er2O3NC. The kinetics of NB sorption process onto GG-PAAm/Er2O3NC was reliable with pseudo-second order model. Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔH°(15–17 kJ/mol) and ΔS°(0.079–0.087 kJ/mol/K), and − ΔG°(8.81–10.55 kJ/mol) for NB validated the endothermic, an increased randomness at the GG-PAAm/Er2O3–NB interface, and spontaneity and feasibility of the process, respectively. The spent nanocomposite was effectively regenerated with NaOH, and could be reused proficiently for five runs demonstrating the high reusability potential of the nanocomposite. The commendable removal efficiency and high reusability of GG-PAAm/Er2O3NC recommended it to be a highly competent adsorbent for cationic dyes particularly NB diminution from aqueous waste.
Development and validation of nomograms for predicting survival in patients with de novo metastatic triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Chen Mao-Shan , Liu Peng-Cheng , Yi Jin-Zhi , Xu Li , He Tao , Wu Hao , Yang Ji-Qiao , Lv Qing
Published: August 2022

Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) is a heterogeneous disease with a poor prognosis. Individualized survival prediction tool is useful for this population. We constructed the predicted nomograms for breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) and overall survival (OS) using the data identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. The Concordance index (C-index), the area under the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and the calibration curves were used for the discrimination and calibration of the nomograms in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. 1962 mTNBC patients with a median follow-up was 13 months (interquartile range, 6–22 months), 1639 (83.54%) cases died of any cause, and 1469 (74.87%) died of breast cancer. Nine and ten independent prognostic factors for BCSS and OS were identified and integrated to construct the nomograms, respectively. The C-indexes of the nomogram for BCSS and OS were 0.694 (95% CI 0.676–0.712) and 0.699 (95% CI 0.679–0.715) in the training cohort, and 0.699 (95% CI 0.686–0.712) and 0.697 (95% CI 0.679–0.715) in the validation cohort, respectively. The AUC values of the nomograms to predict 1-, 2-, and 3-year BCSS and OS indicated good specificity and sensitivity in internal and external validation. The calibration curves showed a favorable consistency between the actual and the predicted survival in the training and validation cohorts. These nomograms based on clinicopathological factors and treatment could reliably predict the survival of mTNBC patient. This may be a useful tool for individualized healthcare decision-making.
Abdominal pain patterns during COVID-19: an observational study
Authors: Balaphas Alexandre , Gkoufa Kyriaki , Colucci Nicola , Perdikis Konstantinos-Cédric , Gaudet-Blavignac Christophe , Pataky Zoltan , Carballo Sebastian , Ris Frédéric , Stirnemann Jérôme , Lovis Christian , Goossens Nicolas , Toso Christian
Published: August 2022

Abdominal pain and liver injury have been frequently reported during coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Our aim was to investigate characteristics of abdominal pain in COVID-19 patients and their association with disease severity and liver injury.

Data of all COVID-19 patients hospitalized during the first wave in one hospital were retrieved. Patients admitted exclusively for other pathologies and/or recovered from COVID-19, as well as pregnant women were excluded. Patients whose abdominal pain was related to alternative diagnosis were also excluded.

Among the 1026 included patients, 200 (19.5%) exhibited spontaneous abdominal pain and 165 (16.2%) after abdomen palpation. Spontaneous pain was most frequently localized in the epigastric (42.7%) and right upper quadrant (25.5%) regions. Tenderness in the right upper region was associated with severe COVID-19 (hospital mortality and/or admission to intensive/intermediate care unit) with an adjusted odds ratio of 2.81 (95% CI 1.27–6.21, p = 0.010). Patients with history of lower abdomen pain experimented less frequently dyspnea compared to patients with history of upper abdominal pain (25.8 versus 63.0%, p < 0.001). Baseline transaminases elevation was associated with history of pain in epigastric and right upper region and AST elevation was strongly associated with severe COVID-19 with an odds ratio of 16.03 (95% CI 1.95–131.63 p = 0.010).

More than one fifth of patients admitted for COVID-19 presented abdominal pain. Those with pain located in the upper abdomen were more at risk of dyspnea, demonstrated more altered transaminases, and presented a higher risk of adverse outcomes.
Attention rhythmically samples multi-feature objects in working memory
Authors: Chota Samson , Leto Carlo , van Zantwijk Laura , Van der Stigchel Stefan
Published: August 2022

Attention allows us to selectively enhance processing of specific locations or features in our external environment while filtering out irrelevant information. It is currently hypothesized that this is achieved through boosting of relevant sensory signals which biases the competition between neural representations. Recent neurophysiological and behavioral studies revealed that attention is a fundamentally rhythmic process, tightly linked to neural oscillations in frontoparietal networks. Instead of continuously highlighting a single object or location, attention rhythmically alternates between multiple relevant representations at a frequency of 3–8 Hz. However, attention cannot only be directed towards the external world but also towards internal visual working memory (VWM) representations, e.g. when selecting one of several search templates to find corresponding objects in the external world. Two recent studies demonstrate that single-feature objects in VWM are attended in a similar rhythmic fashion as perceived objects. Here we add to the literature by showing that non-spatial retro-cues initiate comparable theta-rhythmic sampling of multi-feature objects in VWM. Our findings add to the converging body of evidence that external and internal visual representations are accessed by similar rhythmic attentional mechanisms and present a potential solution to the binding problem in working memory.
Small molecule-mediated allosteric activation of the base excision repair enzyme 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase and its impact on mitochondrial function
Authors: Tian Gaochao , Katchur Steven R. , Jiang Yong , Briand Jacques , Schaber Michael , Kreatsoulas Constantine , Schwartz Benjamin , Thrall Sara , Davis Alicia M. , Duvall Sam , Kaufman Brett A. , Rumsey William L.
Published: August 2022

8-Oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) initiates base excision repair of the oxidative DNA damage product 8-oxoguanine. OGG1 is bifunctional; catalyzing glycosyl bond cleavage, followed by phosphodiester backbone incision via a β-elimination apurinic lyase reaction. The product from the glycosylase reaction, 8-oxoguanine, and its analogues, 8-bromoguanine and 8-aminoguanine, trigger the rate-limiting AP lyase reaction. The precise activation mechanism remains unclear. The product-assisted catalysis hypothesis suggests that 8-oxoguanine and analogues bind at the product recognition (PR) pocket to enhance strand cleavage as catalytic bases. Alternatively, they may allosterically activate OGG1 by binding outside of the PR pocket to induce an active-site conformational change to accelerate apurinic lyase. Herein, steady-state kinetic analyses demonstrated random binding of substrate and activator. 9-Deazaguanine, which can’t function as a substrate-competent base, activated OGG1, albeit with a lower Emax value than 8-bromoguanine and 8-aminoguanine. Random compound screening identified small molecules with Emax values similar to 8-bromoguanine. Paraquat-induced mitochondrial dysfunction was attenuated by several small molecule OGG1 activators; benefits included enhanced mitochondrial membrane and DNA integrity, less cytochrome c translocation, ATP preservation, and mitochondrial membrane dynamics. Our results support an allosteric mechanism of OGG1 and not product-assisted catalysis. OGG1 small molecule activators may improve mitochondrial function in oxidative stress-related diseases.
Adenosine A2A receptors control synaptic remodeling in the adult brain
Authors: Xu Xinli , Beleza Rui O. , Gonçalves Francisco Q. , Valbuena Sergio , Alçada-Morais Sofia , Gonçalves Nélio , Magalhães Joana , Rocha João M. M. , Ferreira Sofia , Figueira Ana S. G. , Lerma Juan , Cunha Rodrigo A. , Rodrigues Ricardo J. , Marques Joana M.
Published: August 2022

The molecular mechanisms underlying circuit re-wiring in the mature brain remains ill-defined. An eloquent example of adult circuit remodelling is the hippocampal mossy fiber (MF) sprouting found in diseases such as temporal lobe epilepsy. The molecular determinants underlying this retrograde re-wiring remain unclear. This may involve signaling system(s) controlling axon specification/growth during neurodevelopment reactivated during epileptogenesis. Since adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) control axon formation/outgrowth and synapse stabilization during development, we now examined the contribution of A2AR to MF sprouting. A2AR blockade significantly attenuated status epilepticus(SE)-induced MF sprouting in a rat pilocarpine model. This involves A2AR located in dentate granule cells since their knockdown selectively in dentate granule cells reduced MF sprouting, most likely through the ability of A2AR to induce the formation/outgrowth of abnormal secondary axons found in rat hippocampal neurons. These A2AR should be activated by extracellular ATP-derived adenosine since a similar prevention/attenuation of SE-induced hippocampal MF sprouting was observed in CD73 knockout mice. These findings demonstrate that A2AR contribute to epilepsy-related MF sprouting, most likely through the reactivation of the ability of A2AR to control axon formation/outgrowth observed during neurodevelopment. These results frame the CD73-A2AR axis as a regulator of circuit remodeling in the mature brain.
Cumulative life course adversity, mental health, and cognition in the UK biobank
Authors: Künzi M. , Gheorghe D. A. , Kliegel M. , Ballhausen N. , Gallacher J. , Bauermeister S.
Published: August 2022

The association between adversity and cognition varies according to the specific adversity, when the adversity was experienced, and the cognitive domains investigated. Disentangling the effect of adversity and the underlying mechanistic pathway is therefore difficult. The association between adversity (i.e., maltreatment) accumulated over the life course and cognitive flexibility, as well as two potential mediators (i.e., intra-individual variability in reaction time and depression) of this association, were investigated. Data stem from the baseline population of the UK Biobank study (N = 73,489,Mdnage = 56,SDage = 7.628, 55.740% of women). Cumulative life course adversity (specifically maltreatment) was measured with items based on the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTS-5) and items adapted from the British Crime Survey. Depression was assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Intra-individual variability in reaction time was measured with a reaction time test “snap game” and the Trail Making Test A and B were used as a measure of cognitive flexibility. A path analysis was performed on these data. Higher cumulative adverse experiences were associated with lower performance in cognitive flexibility (β = .016,p < .001, 95% CI [0.009, 0.024]), and this effect was partly mediated by the level of depression (22.727% of the total effect of cumulative life course adversity on cognitive flexibility was mediated by depression (β = .005,p < .001, 95% CI [0.004, 0.007])). No association between cumulative life course adverse experiences and intra-individual variability in reaction time was found, nor was any indirect association between cumulative life course adversity and performance in cognitive flexibility via intra-individual variability in reaction time. The association between cumulative life course adversity, depression, and performance in cognitive flexibility has been highlighted. In contrast, no indirect effect between cumulative life course adversity and performance in cognitive flexibility via intra-individual variability in reaction time was found, suggesting that it is not a potential mechanism underlying the association between cumulative life course adversity and executive function.
Linking the long-term variability in global wave energy to swell climate and redefining suitable coasts for energy exploitation
Authors: Kamranzad Bahareh , Amarouche Khalid , Akpinar Adem
Published: August 2022

The sustainability of wave energy linked to the intra- and inter-annual variability in wave climate is crucial in wave resource assessment. In this study, we quantify the dependency of stability of wave energy flux (power) on long-term variability of wind and wave climate to detect a relationship between them. We used six decades of re-analysis wind and simulated wave climate in the entire globe and using two 30-yearly periods, we showed that not only the previously suggested minimum period of 10 years for wave energy assessment appears to be insufficient for detecting the influence of climate variability, but also the selection period for wave energy assessment can lead to an over/underestimation of about 25% for wave power. In addition, we quantified the dependency of rates of change of wave power, wind speed and wave parameters and showed that the change in wave power is mainly a function of change in swell wave climate globally. Finally, we redefined the suitability of global hotspots for wave energy extraction using intra-annual fluctuation, long-term change, and the available wave power for the period of six decades. The results highlight the importance of climate variability in resource assessment, sustainability, and prioritizing the hotspots for future development.
Identification of origin and runoff of karst groundwater in the glacial lake area of the Jinsha River fault zone, China
Authors: Ma Jianfei , Li Xiangquan , Zhang Chunchao , Fu Changchang , Wang Zhenxing , Bai Zhanxue
Published: August 2022

Karst groundwater plays important roles as a water supply and in sustaining the biodiversity and ecosystems of the eastern Qinghai–Xizang Plateau. Owing to the stratigraphic structure, high tectonic activity, and changeable climate of the region, the recharge source, runoff path, and dynamic characteristics of karst groundwater are highly complex, which poses challenges with regard to the protection of water resources and ecology. This study identified the origin and flow processes of karst groundwater in the glacial lake area of the Jinsha River fault zone using satellite remote sensing, hydrochemical and isotope analyses, and flow measurements. Results showed that active faults control the distribution of glacial lakes and the recharge, runoff, and discharge of karst groundwater. Glacial lake water is an important source of karst groundwater in the Jinsha River fault zone area. Specifically, glacial lake water continuously recharges the karst system via faults, fractures, and karst conduits, thereby maintaining the relative stability of karst spring flows. Through hierarchical cluster analysis, two main runoff conduits of karst water were distinguished: one along the Dingqu Fault and the other along the Eastern Zhairulong Fault, which together account for 59% of the total regional karst groundwater flow. The elevation difference between the recharge and discharge areas of the main karst springs is > 1000 m. Groundwater runoff is fast and residence time in the aquifer is short. The dissolution of calcite and dolomite mainly occurs during transit through the groundwater system, and cation exchange is weak. Therefore, the regional karst springs are predominantly HCO3−Ca·Mg type. To protect regional karst water resources and ecology, the monitoring and protection of glacial lakes should be strengthened.
Reliability-based load and resistance factor design model for energy piles
Authors: Hu Biao , Gong Quanmei , Zhang Yueqiang , Yin Yihe , Chen Wenjun
Published: August 2022

Energy piles have been popular globally with functions of both pile foundation and ground source heat pumps. Although several researches have been devoted to the probabilistic design and assessment of energy piles, the corresponding procedures are too complicated for engineers. As a simple variant of the reliability-based design method, the load and resistance factor design (LRFD) approach for the geotechnical design of energy piles is presented in this study. Firstly, the load-transfer model for energy piles is developed to investigate the effect of cyclic thermal loading on the pile settlement. Then, the LRFD procedures based on first-order reliability method and target reliability method are implemented into two different constrained nonlinear optimization problems, respectively. The proposed LRFD model for energy piles is demonstrated through an example pile and a series of parametric analyses.
An abuse liability assessment of the glo tobacco heating product in comparison to combustible cigarettes and nicotine replacement therapy
Authors: Hardie George , Gale Nathan , McEwan Michael , Oscar Stefano Milleri , Ziviani Luigi , Proctor Christopher J. , Murphy James
Published: August 2022

Tobacco heating products (THPs) have reduced emissions of toxicants compared with cigarette smoke, and as they expose user to lower levels than smoking, have for a role to play in tobacco harm reduction. One key concern of Public Health is that new tobacco and nicotine products should not be more addictive than cigarettes. To assess their abuse liability, we determined nicotine pharmacokinetics and subjective effects of two THPs compared with conventional cigarettes and a nicotine replacement therapy (Nicotine inhaler). In a randomised, controlled, open-label, crossover study healthy adult smokers used a different study product in a 5 min ad libitum use session in each of four study periods. Product liking, overall intent to use again, urge for product and urge to smoke questionnaires were utilised to assess subjective effects. Nicotine uptake was greater for the cigarette (Cmax = 22.7 ng/mL) than for either THP (8.6 and 10.5 ng/mL) and the NRT (2.3 ng/mL). Median Tmax was significantly longer for the NRT (15.03 min) than for the tobacco products (4.05–6.03 min). Product liking and overall intent to use again was highest for the cigarette, and higher for the THPs than the NRT. Urge to smoke was reduced more by the cigarette than by the other three products. Urge to use the THPs was greater than the NRT. These findings suggest that the abuse liability of the THPs lies between that of subjects usual brand cigarettes and the NRT.
Nondestructive classification of soft rot disease in napa cabbage using hyperspectral imaging analysis
Authors: Song Hyeyeon , Yoon So-Ra , Dang Yun-Mi , Yang Ji-Su , Hwang In Min , Ha Ji-Hyoung
Published: August 2022

Identification of soft rot disease in napa cabbage, an essential ingredient of kimchi, is challenging at the industrial scale. Therefore, nondestructive imaging techniques are necessary. Here, we investigated the potential of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) processing in the near-infrared region (900–1700 nm) for classifying napa cabbage quality using nondestructive measurements. We determined the microbiological and physicochemical qualitative properties of napa cabbage for intercomparison of HSI information, extracted HSI characteristics from hyperspectral images to predict and classify freshness, and established a novel approach for classifying healthy and rotten napa cabbage. The second derivative Savitzky–Golay method for data preprocessing was implemented, followed by wavelength selection using variable importance in projection scores. For multivariate data of the classification models, partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), support vector machine (SVM), and random forests were used for predicting cabbage conditions. The SVM model accurately distinguished the cabbage exhibiting soft rot disease symptoms from the healthy cabbage. This study presents the potential of HSI systems for separating soft rot disease-infected napa cabbages from healthy napa cabbages using the SVM model, especially under the most effective wavelengths (970, 980, 1180, 1070, 1120, and 978 nm), prior to processing. These results are applicable to industrial multispectral images.
Cleaner one-pot transformation of glycerol to acrylic acid and 1,2-propanediol over bifunctional Cu2O/montmorillonite catalysts without external oxygen and hydrogen
Authors: Fu Chao Peng , She Qi Ming , Tesser Riccardo , Zhou Chun Hui
Published: August 2022

A novel process of simultaneous oxydehydration and hydrogenolysis of glycerol to acrylic acid and 1,2-propanediol over a bifunctional Cu2O/montmorillonite catalyst was demonstrated and the possible mechanism was proposed.
Quantum effect and Mo–N surface bonding states of α-MoC1−x modified carbon nitride for boosting photocatalytic performance
Authors: Zhu Zhi , Kumar Reeti , Luo Liwen , Varjani Sunita , Huo Pengwei , Wong Jonathan Woon-Chung , Zhao Jun
Published: August 2022

The Mo–N surface bonding states and quantum effect leading to superior tetracycline degradation activity of α-MoC1−x modified carbon nitride were reported.
A metal complex based fluorescent chemodosimeter for selective detection of 2,4-dinitrophenol and picric acid in aqueous media
Authors: Pramanik Abhishek , Majumder Samit , Sparkes Hazel A. , Mohanta Sasankasekhar
Published: August 2022

A fluorescent dinuclear zinc(ii) metal complex has been established as a rare example of a fluorescent chemodosimeter in aqueous media for the specific recognition of 2,4-dinitrophenol and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol among various nitro compounds.
Sterically demanding pyridine-quinoline anchoring ligands as building blocks for copper(i)-based dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) complexes
Authors: Peppas Anastasios , Sokalis Demetrios , Perganti Dorothea , Schnakenburg Gregor , Falaras Polycarpos , Philippopoulos Athanassios I.
Published: August 2022

A nanocrystalline TiO2 dye-sensitized solar cell device consisting of dye 2 and fabricated with commercially available materials reaches a conversion efficiency of η = 1.20%. Dye 2 is a low-cost and easily prepared copper(i) molecular sensitizer.
Pineapple fruit improves vascular endothelial dysfunction, hepatic steatosis, and cholesterol metabolism in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet
Authors: Namwong Aticha , Kumphune Sarawut , seenak Porrnthanate , Chotima Ratanon , Nernpermpisooth Nitirut , Malakul Wachirawadee
Published: August 2022

Hypercholesterolaemia is a significant risk factor for developing vascular disease and fatty liver.
α-Lactalbumin peptide Asp-Gln-Trp alleviates hepatic insulin resistance and modulates gut microbiota dysbiosis in high-fat diet-induced NAFLD mice
Authors: Chen Haoran , Sun Yue , Zhao Haiding , Qi Xiaofen , Cui Hui , Li Qiming , Ma Ying
Published: August 2022

α-Lactalbumin peptide Asp-Gln-Trp (DQW) alleviates hepatic insulin resistance via activating the IRS1/PI3K/AKT pathway and modulates gut microbiota dysbiosis in high-fat diet-induced NAFLD mice.
A highly stable bimetallic organic framework for enhanced electrical performance of cellulose nanofiber-based triboelectric nanogenerators
Authors: Wang Tingting , Zhu Qiuxiao , Zhu Qi , Yang Qifeng , Wang Shuangfei , Luo Lianxin
Published: August 2022

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have garnered considerable attention as an emerging energy harvesting technology.
Atomic-scale dents on cellulose nanofibers: the origin of diverse defects in sustainable fibrillar materials
Authors: Ito Tomoki , Daicho Kazuho , Fujisawa Shuji , Saito Tsuguyuki , Kobayashi Kayoko
Published: August 2022

Atomic-scale dent structures on the surfaces of cellulose nanofibers were detected. These dent parts constituted at least 30–40% of the total length of the dispersed nanofibers, and deep dents induced the kinking and fragmentation of nanofibers.
Arbitrary Jones matrix on-demand design in metasurfaces using multiple meta-atoms
Authors: Wang Guocui , Guo Jinying , Wang Xinke , Hu Bin , Situ Guohai , Zhang Yan
Published: August 2022

Arbitrary Jones matrix on-demand design in metasurface can help to release the design complexity of multiple structures and huge computational effort. In this framework, two kinds of novel polarization control are quickly and accurately reached.
Directing group strategies in rhodium-catalyzed C–H amination
Authors: Ma Jiao-li , Zhou Xu-ming , Chen Jia-lin , Shi Jie-xin , Cheng Hui-cheng , Guo Peng-hu , Ji Hong-bing
Published: August 2022

With respect to the excellent catalytic performance, directing-group strategies in C–H amination catalyzed by rhodium are discussed in relation to the types of aminating reagent, as well as the challenges and future development prospects.
A solvent-induced crystal-facet effect of nickel–cobalt layered double hydroxides for highly efficient overall water splitting
Authors: Zan Lingxing , Zhang Hongling , Ye Zhangwen , Wei Qingbo , Dong Hongliang , Sun Shiwen , Weng Qiang , Bo Xin , Xia Huicong , Li Yibing , Fu Feng
Published: August 2022

CoNi-LDHs with intensively exposed highly active crystal facets manufacturedviaa solvent-induced strategy exhibit outstanding synergistic catalytic performance towards both the OER and HER.
Redox-induced control of microporosity of zeolitic transition metal oxides based on ε-Keggin iron molybdate at an ultra-fine level
Authors: Liu Qingqing , Yao Shufan , Li Denan , Ma Baokai , Zhang Tianyi , Zhu Qianqian , He Dingbing , Sadakane Masahiro , Li Yanshuo , Ueda Wataru , Zhang Zhenxin
Published: August 2022

A zeolitic octahedral metal oxide based on iron molybdate shows redox-induced microporosity change, which allows control of the adsorption and separation performances of the material.
(C3N6H7)2SiF6·H2O: an ultraviolet birefringent crystal exceeding the intrinsic energy gap of an organic reagent
Authors: Shen Yaoguo , Zhou Yingwu , Xue Xiaoling , Yu Hualiang , Zhao Sangen , Luo Junhua
Published: August 2022

A new organic–inorganic hybrid compound (C3N6H7)2SiF6·H2O, in which [C3N6H7]+groups are uniformly arranged under the regulation of SiF6octahedra, shows highly polarization anisotropy and a breakthrough in the energy gap.
Straightforward access to fluoroalkyl tetrazoles from fluoroalkylN-sulfonylhydrazones
Authors: Fang Zhongxue , Zhang Yujie , Wang Hongwei , Zanoni Giuseppe , Li Jianxin , Li Xingqi , Liu Zhaohong , Ning Yongquan
Published: August 2022

A metal-free cycloaddition reaction of fluoroalkylN-sulfonylhydrazones with arene-diazonium salts has been reported. This transformation represents the first general procedure to access mono-, di- and perfluoroalkyl tetrazole products.
Reconstructing reactivity in dynamic host–guest systems at atomistic resolution: amide hydrolysis under confinement in the cavity of a coordination cage
Authors: Delle Piane Massimo , Pesce Luca , Cioni Matteo , Pavan Giovanni M.
Published: August 2022

Encapsulation of guests in metal–organic cages allows control over chemical reactivity. Focusing on the hydrolysis of amides, here we show an effective molecular simulation approach to reconstruct reactivity in host–guest systems in dynamic regimes.
Snapshots of key intermediates unveiling the growth from silver ions to Ag70 nanoclusters
Authors: Luo Xi-Ming , Huang Shuo , Luo Peng , Ma Kai , Wang Zhao-Yang , Dong Xi-Yan , Zang Shuang-Quan
Published: August 2022

The bottom-up synthesis of “medium-sized” Ag70 (20e) was controlled and tracked, and then revealed. The crystallized key intermediates of Ag14 (0e) and Ag24 (4e) present the growth snapshots of silver nanoclusters.
Evaluation of the potential use of e-fuels in the European aviation sector: a comprehensive economic and environmental assessment including externalities
Authors: Freire Ordóñez Diego , Halfdanarson Thorsteinn , Ganzer Caroline , Shah Nilay , Dowell Niall Mac , Guillén-Gosálbez Gonzalo
Published: August 2022

Techno-economic and full environmental assessment of e-jet fuels from different sources of CO2 and green H2 accounting for externalities.
Regulable chiral amplification effects in copoly(phenylacetylene)s and bidirectional manipulation for helix preferences
Authors: Zhang Hongli , Shan Sizhen , Huang Yu , Xiao Shiyan , Chen Dazhu , Zou Gang
Published: August 2022

The chiral amplification effects within the enantiomeric and diastereomeric copolymer series can be regulated, resulting in a controllable P or M helix preference, which can be applied in smart chiral materials with helix-regulable desires.
Chemical evolution in ices on drifting, planet-forming pebbles
Authors: Eistrup Christian , Henning Thomas
Published: August 2022

Context. Planets and their atmospheres are built from gas and solid material in protoplanetary disks. Recent results suggest that solid material such as pebbles may contribute significantly to building up planetary atmospheres. In order to link observed exoplanet atmospheres and their compositions to their formation histories, it is important to understand how icy pebbles may change their composition when they drift radially inwards in disks.

Aims. Our goal is to model the compositional evolution of ices on pebbles as they drift in disks, and track how their chemical evolution en route changes the ice composition relative to the ice composition of the pebbles in the region where they grew from micron-sized grains.

Methods. A state-of-the-art chemical kinetics code was utilised for modelling chemical evolution. This code accounts for the time-evolving sizes of the solids that drift. Chemical evolution was modelled locally for 0.1 Myr at two starting radii, with the micron-sized solids growing into pebbles simultaneously. The pebbles and local gas, isolated as a parcel, were then exposed to changing physical conditions, which was intended to mimic the pebbles drifting inwards in the disk midplane, moving to 1 AU on three different timescales. A modelling simplification was that the pebbles are not moved through, or exposed to new gas, but they stayed in the same chemical gas surroundings in all models.

Results. For ice species with initial abundances relative to hydrogen of >10-5, such as H2O, CO2, CH3OH, and NH3, the abundances change by less than 20% for both radii of origin, and for the two smaller drift timescales (10kyr and 100 kyr). For less abundant ice species, and the longest drift timescale (1 Myr), the changes are larger. Pebble drift chemistry generally increases the ice abundances of CO2, HCN, and SO, at the expense of decreasing the abundances of other volatile molecules.
Properties of globular clusters formed in dark matter mini-halos
Authors: Vitral Eduardo , Boldrini Pierre
Published: August 2022

We seek to differentiate dynamical and morphological attributes between globular clusters (GCs) that were formed inside their own dark matter (DM) mini-halo from those who were not. We employed high-resolution full N-body simulations on a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) of the GCs with and without a DM mini-halo, orbiting a Fornax-like dwarf galaxy. For GCs with DM, we observed that this dark extra mass triggers a tidal radius growth that allows the mini-halo to act as a protective shield against tidal stripping, being itself stripped beforehand. We demonstrate that this shielding effect becomes negligible when the tidal radius is smaller than the half-mass radius of the mini-halo. Contrary to previous predictions, we found that the inflation of outer stellar velocity dispersion profiles is expected for GCs with and without a mini-halo, as a result of the host’s tidal field. Moreover, we observed that GCs with a DM mini-halo should have, in general, relatively more radial outer velocity anisotropy profiles throughout all of their orbits, smaller degrees of internal rotation, and as a consequence of the latter, smaller ellipticities for their stellar distribution. Due to dynamical friction, we observed a clear bimodal evolutionary distribution of GCs with and without DM in the integrals of motion space and show that for GCs originally embedded in DM, this method is not reliable for association with previous accretion events. Finally, we provide parametric mass profiles of disrupted DM mini-halos from GCs that are to be used in Jeans modelling and orbital integration studies.
Analysis of the O-rings that influence the performance of RCP hydrostatic seal based on TEH coupling method
Authors: Zhang Jianghong , Chen Kan , Ma Yijin , Feng Mingzhong , Liu Wei , Zhang Junkai , Ren Hebin
Published: August 2022

A Multi-body contacting Thermal-Elastic-Hydro Model, MTEHM has been established in this study. And which has been applied to analysis the leakage behavior of No.1 seal of the RCP hydrostatic seal. The hydro-model is based on 2D Reynolds equation and programmed by M-code. An interface program written in C has been carried out. And which is used to transit the end face pressure value from hydro-model to elastic-solid model. The FEA multi-body contacting method has been taken into the elastic-solid model. And which is used to obtain the deformation angle of seal rings. An opening force ratio has been carried out as a convergent judgment of the multi-physics iterative coupling process. The influence of position of O-rings (on the back of seal rings and relative to the hydrostatic clamp rings) has been discussed. For test and verify the MTEHM, a testing rig has been established. It can be used to simulate a high temperature high pressure seal media with a temperature range from 22°C to 100°C and a pressure range from 0.1MPa to 22MPa. At last, a comparison of pressure-leakage data from Westinghouse, Saint Alban power plant and this study has been presented. And a variance analysis has been attached.
Analysis and Research on an on-line measuring device for machining accuracy of parts used in NC machine tools
Authors: Wan Zhiqiang , Zhang Qingqing
Published: August 2022

The utility model relates to an on-line detection device for the machining accuracy of parts of a NC machine tool, which comprises a storage flat box, a reciprocating driving mechanism, an on-line detection assembly and a trigger probe. Through the cooperation of the reciprocating driving mechanism and the storage flat box, the on-line detection assembly and the trigger probe can be switched between the storage and detection states. There is no need to disassemble the trigger probe and the cutter shaft of the NC machine tool during the detection, so as to improve the detection efficiency, the time required for the NC machine tool to recover from the detected state to the machining state is shortened.
The influence of road surface grooving on the bearing capacity of airport road surface is analyzed
Authors: Gao Yan
Published: August 2022

Abstract: this paper is mainly to analyze splash water test pavement slot effect on airport pavement bearing capacity, according to the FAA requirements, computing pool water storage requirements, and put forward the pool building, this paper adopts the simulator ChangDao surface modeling, analysis of structures, pools on the pavement when the slot effect on airport pavement bearing capacity, explore the pool to build new methods to provide theoretical support for the follow-up.
The Protection of Data Privacy of College Students
Authors: Tao Zhiheng
Published: August 2022

Privacy data belongs to big data, and it is personal information from our lives. The common problem is privacy leaking and cyber attacks. The current solution uses a complex algorithm to encrypt data, but it is expensive and inefficient. In the paper, we combine students' information at university to make four layers based on a reliable framework named FMM. The proposed framework FMM, according to different privacy levels, will choose other encryption methods to protect these data and increase efficiency to keep trade-offs.
An Overview of Ultra-Wideband Positioning Technology and Its Applications
Authors: Zhou Zhiyi
Published: August 2022

UWB is a kind of wireless communication technology used in plenty of high-tech factories but seldom seen in humans’ daily life. Encouraged by the public, experts are urged to do futher reserch because of its accurate positioning. This paper introduces the background and features of UWB. Five methods of UWB localization are listed and the disadvantages and principals of each method are also listed, like RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indication). Existing applications of UWB are divided and shown in two types: which are categorized by function and scene. The conclusion and expectation about UWB are shown: creative methods need to be applied to drop the cost of such products so that they have access to potential customers.