bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maternal pandemic-related stress during pregnancy associates with infants’ socio-cognitive development at 12 months: A longitudinal multi-centric study
Authors: Nazzari Sarah , Grumi Serena , Biasucci Giacomo , Decembrino Lidia , Fazzi Elisa , Giacchero Roberta , Magnani Maria Luisa , Nacinovich Renata , Scelsa Barbara , Spinillo Arsenio , Capelli Elena , Roberti Elisa , Provenzi Livio ,   on behalf of the MOM-COPE Study Group
Published: April 2023

Background

Prenatal maternal stress is a key risk factor for infants’ development. Previous research has highlighted consequences for infants’ socio-emotional and cognitive outcomes, but less is known for what regards socio-cognitive development. In this study, we report on the effects of maternal prenatal stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic on 12-month-old infants’ behavioral markers of socio-cognitive development.

Methods

Ninety infants and their mothers provided complete longitudinal data from birth to 12 months. At birth, mothers reported on pandemic-related stress during pregnancy. At infants’ 12-month-age, a remote mother-infant interaction was videotaped: after an initial 2-min face-to-face episode, the experimenter remotely played a series of four auditory stimuli (2 human and 2 non-human sounds). The auditory stimuli sequence was counterbalanced among participants and each sound was repeated three times every 10 seconds (Exposure, 30 seconds) while mothers were instructed not to interact with their infants and to display a neutral still-face expression. Infants’ orienting, communication, and pointing toward the auditory source was coded micro-analytically and a socio-cognitive score (SCS) was obtained by means of a principal component analysis.

Results

Infants equally oriented to human and non-human auditory stimuli. All infants oriented toward the sound during the Exposure episode, 80% exhibited any communication directed to the auditory source, and 48% showed at least one pointing toward the sound. Mothers who reported greater prenatal pandemic-related stress had infants with higher probability of showing no communication, t = 2.14 (p = .035), or pointing, t = 1.93 (p = .057). A significant and negative linear association was found between maternal prenatal pandemic-related stress and infants’ SCS at 12 months, R2 = .07 (p = .010), while adjusting for potential confounders.

Conclusions

This study suggests that prenatal maternal stress during the COVID-19 pandemic might have increased the risk of an altered socio-cognitive development in infants as assessed through an observational paradigm at 12 months. Special preventive attention should be devoted to infants born during the pandemic.
Maximal interferon induction by influenza lacking NS1 is infrequent owing to requirements for replication and export
Authors: Vicary Alison C. , Mendes Marisa , Swaminath Sharmada , Lekbua Asama , Reddan Jack , Rodriguez Zaida K. , Russell Alistair B.
Published: April 2023

Influenza A virus exhibits high rates of replicative failure due to a variety of genetic defects. Most influenza virions cannot, when acting as individual particles, complete the entire viral life cycle. Nevertheless influenza is incredibly successful in the suppression of innate immune detection and the production of interferons, remaining undetected in >99% of cells in tissue-culture models of infection. Notably, the same variation that leads to replication failure can, by chance, inactivate the major innate immune antagonist in influenza A virus, NS1. What explains the observed rarity of interferon production in spite of the frequent loss of this, critical, antagonist? By studying how genetic and phenotypic variation in a viral population lacking NS1 correlates with interferon production, we have built a model of the “worst-case” failure from an improved understanding of the steps at which NS1 acts in the viral life cycle to prevent the triggering of an innate immune response. In doing so, we find that NS1 prevents the detection of de novo innate immune ligands, defective viral genomes, and viral export from the nucleus, although only generation of de novo ligands appears absolutely required for enhanced detection of virus in the absence of NS1. Due to this, the highest frequency of interferon production we observe (97% of infected cells) requires a high level of replication in the presence of defective viral genomes with NS1 bearing an inactivating mutation that does not impact its partner encoded on the same segment, NEP. This is incredibly unlikely to occur given the standard variation found within a viral population, and would generally require direct, artificial, intervention to achieve at an appreciable rate. Thus from our study, we procure at least a partial explanation for the seeming contradiction between high rates of replicative failure and the rarity of the interferon response to influenza infection.
The viral packaging motor potentiates Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus gene expression late in infection
Authors: McCollum Chloe O. , Didychuk Allison L. , Liu Dawei , Murray-Nerger Laura A. , Cristea Ileana M. , Glaunsinger Britt A.
Published: April 2023

β- and γ-herpesviruses transcribe their late genes in a manner distinct from host transcription. This process is directed by a complex of viral transcriptional activator proteins that hijack cellular RNA polymerase II and an unknown set of additional factors. We employed proximity labeling coupled with mass spectrometry, followed by CRISPR and siRNA screening to identify proteins functionally associated with the Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) late gene transcriptional complex. These data revealed that the catalytic subunit of the viral DNA packaging motor, ORF29, is both dynamically associated with the viral transcriptional activator complex and potentiates gene expression late in infection. Through genetic mutation and deletion of ORF29, we establish that its catalytic activity potentiates viral transcription and is required for robust accumulation of essential late proteins during infection. Thus, we propose an expanded role for ORF29 that encompasses its established function in viral packaging and its newly discovered contributions to viral transcription and late gene expression in KSHV.
Constitutive secretion of pro-IL-18 allows keratinocytes to initiate inflammation during bacterial infection
Authors: Johnson Anders F. , Sands Jenna S. , Trivedi Keya M. , Russell Raedeen , LaRock Doris L. , LaRock Christopher N.
Published: April 2023

Group A Streptococcus (GAS, Streptococcus pyogenes) is a professional human pathogen that commonly infects the skin. Keratinocytes are one of the first cells to contact GAS, and by inducing inflammation, they can initiate the earliest immune responses to pathogen invasion. Here, we characterized the proinflammatory cytokine repertoire produced by primary human keratinocytes and surrogate cell lines commonly used in vitro. Infection induces several cytokines and chemokines, but keratinocytes constitutively secrete IL-18 in a form that is inert (pro-IL-18) and lacks proinflammatory activity. Canonically, IL-18 activation and secretion are coupled through a single proteolytic event that is regulated intracellularly by the inflammasome protease caspase-1 in myeloid cells. The pool of extracellular pro-IL-18 generated by keratinocytes is poised to sense extracellular proteases. It is directly processed into a mature active form by SpeB, a secreted GAS protease that is a critical virulent factor during skin infection. This mechanism contributes to the proinflammatory response against GAS, resulting in T cell activation and the secretion of IFN-γ. Under these conditions, isolates of several other major bacterial pathogens and microbiota of the skin were found to not have significant IL-18-maturing ability. These results suggest keratinocyte-secreted IL-18 is a sentinel that sounds an early alarm that is highly sensitive to GAS, yet tolerant to non-invasive members of the microbiota.
Brain-based Learning: Beliefs and Practice in one Australian Primary School Implementing a Neuroscience Pedagogical Framework
Authors:   University of Southern Queensland, Deans Christina , Larsen Ellen ,   University of Southern Queensland
Published: April 2023

Pedagogy grounded in neuroscience is an influential approach in Australian schools, despite concerns regarding teachers’ beliefs in several neuromyths that go on to pervade their practice. This paper reports on a small study that explored teachers’ beliefs and implementation of brain-based learning in one Australian primary school whose pedagogy is specifically underpinned by neuroscience. Survey data collected from 14 teachers were analysed using simple descriptive statistics and content analysis. Findings indicated that these teachers, despite having some accurate brain-based knowledge, were still prone to endorsing common neuromyths regardless of the school’s teaching and learning framework, years at the school, overall teaching experience or level of qualification, with beliefs influencing classroom practice whether correct or misinformed. Further, school professional learning and universities were listed as primary sources of information for these teachers. This study underscores the importance of schools and universities providing opportunities for timely and up-to-date professional learning.
Using Formative Assessment to Build Coherence Between Educational Policy and Classroom Practice: A Case Study Using Inquiry in Science
Authors:   University of Tasmania, Cirkony Connie , Kenny John Daniel ,   University of Tasmania
Published: April 2023

In this paper we argue that the complexity of education systems can lead to a lack of coherence in the implementation of policy. More effective educational change requires policy-makers and researchers to pay more attention to supporting teachers in classrooms. As an example, we consider decades of research attempts in STEM education to implement learning through inquiry and note there has been little change in teaching practices in classrooms. Using formative assessment in science education as a case study, we developed a rubric for teachers that embeds key aspects of the desired pedagogy. We argue this builds teachers’ confidence to implement the change in their classrooms and we claim this same principle may apply to the development of rubrics for in other disciplines, and easily incorporated by researchers into professional learning programs.
Variants of determining the construction production carbon footprint
Authors: Lakusic Stjepan
Published: April 2023

The aim of the paper is to quantify the construction production carbon footprint per m3 of the built-up volume of the building. In order to determine the carbon footprint, 5 typical detached houses were selected. The individual buildings have the same material-construction characteristics; however, they differ in the size of the built-up volume, i.e. also in the built-up area. The LCA software was used to quantify the carbon footprint during the production phase of the model houses project. A budget indicator per m3 of the built-up volume was determined based on these calculations.
The role of cytokines in the development of systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obesity
Authors: Blagov A. Yu. , Efremova O. A. , Khodosh E. M. , Aleinikova K. S. , Dubrova V. A.
Published: April 2023

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are characterized by a variety of comorbid conditions, including both somatic (arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, bronchial asthma, malignant  neoplasms, diabetes mellitus, obesity, etc.) and mental (depressive disorders, suicide attempts). Against the background  of various chronic diseases of the respiratory system, endocrine, metabolic disorders, the risks of exacerbations of COPD increase.

The leading  unifying  mechanism  of these conditions  is systemic subclinical  inflammation. Its excessive activity leads to the loss of the physiological functions of inflammation, which is accompanied  by an imbalance  in the endocrine system and the release of high concentrations of hormones and neurotransmitters. The result of this response is the uncoupling of cytokine mechanisms, which leads to an imbalance in the system of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines.

The article describes the role of the pro-inflammatory chemokine  IL-8 (interleukin 8), which is responsible for the migration of neutrophils to the site of inflammation. This is how the neutrophilic type of inflammation is formed. IL-4 and IL-10 are considered, which occupy a leading position in the formation of CD4+ type of immunoreactivity, which is observed in bronchial asthma. Attention is focused on the significance of IL-6, because it is an integral component of local and systemic inflammation. An increase in its concentration and, as a result, a potential risk of damage to the respiratory epithelium is the remodeling of the bronchial tree, resulting in a decrease in the elasticity of the epithelium of the respiratory tract. This mechanism leads to the formation of pulmonary emphysema and further potentiation of pathophysiological processes in patients with COPD.

Since IL-6 is a cytokine with anti-inflammatory  properties, its molecular activity is achieved by interacting  with a special receptor complex consisting  of two subunits: IL-6R and gp130. The former mediates IL-6 binding, while the latter triggers the JAK/STAT or MAPK signaling  cascade pathways. The result of the reaction of IL-6 with the effector cell directly depends on the type of signaling.

The paper describes three mechanisms of signal transduction into the target cell: classical, cluster, and transsignaling.

Thus, by studying  the role of cytokines in the systemic inflammatory response, we have shown the cross-talk between adipose tissue and the lungs in obesity, highlighting the main inflammatory mediators, which may indicate new therapeutic targets for preventing pulmonary dysfunction.
Draft of clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism in adult patients
Authors: Dedov I. I. , Melnichenko G. A. , Mokrysheva N. G. , Andreeva E. N. , Antsiferov M. B. , Beltsevich D. G. , Bibik E. E. , Gorbacheva A. M. , Degtyarev M. V. , Yeghshatyan L. V. , Eremkina A. K. , Karonova T. L. , Kim I. V. , Krupinova J. A. , Kryukova I. V. , Kuznetsov N. S. , Lukyanov S. V. , Mamedova E. O. , Markina N. V. , Mirnaya S. S. , Pigarova E. A. , Rozhinskaya L. Ya. , Slashchuk K. Yu. , Sleptsov I. V. , Chagai N. B.
Published: April 2023

The article presents a draft of clinical recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism in adult patients, which provides a modern examination algorithm, discusses the basic principles of laboratory, instrumental diagnostics and treatment approaches.
Draft of clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of medullary thyroid cancer in adult patients
Authors: Severskaya N. V. , Choinzonov E. L. , Reshetov I. V. , Ivanov S. A. , Polyakov A. P. , Kropotov M. A. , Mudunov A. M. , Polkin V. V. , Isaev P. A. , Ilyin A. A. , Beltsevich D. G. , Vanushko V. E. , Rumyantsev P. O. , Melnichenko G. A. , Alymov Yu. V. , Romanov I. S. , Ignatova A. V. , Borodavina E. V. , Krylov V. V. , Shurinov A. Yu. , Radjabova Z. A. , Kulbakin D. E. , Nevolskikh A. A. , Gevorkov A. R. , Khmelevsky E. V. , Kutukova S. I. , Guz A. O. , Sleptsov I. V. , Chernikov R. A. , Stepanova A. M. , Falaleeva N. A. , Podvyaznikov S. O. , Rubtsova N. A. , Rudyk A. N. , Musin Sh. I. , Gulidov I. A. , Vladimirova L. Yu. , Semiglazova T. Yu. , Aghababyan T. A. , Kostromina E. V.
Published: April 2023

The article presents a draft of clinical recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of medullary thyroid cancer in adult patients, which provides a modern examination algorithm, discusses the basic principles of laboratory, instrumental diagnostics and treatment approaches.
BİR YÖNETİME KATILIM ARACI OLARAK CİMER’İN TOPLUMSAL ANLAMI: AMAÇ, ETKİNLİK, GÜVEN
Authors: GÜNDÜZ Mustafa , ARTAR Feray
Published: April 2023

Katılımcı bir yönetim anlayışının toplumun genelince kabul görmesi ve katılım araçlarının doğru, adil ve etkin kullanılabilmesi yapısal olduğu kadar kültürel bir meseledir. Literatürde, katılım kültürünün gelişimine ilişkin en temel gösterge katılıma istekli insanların sayısıdır. Ancak katılım motivasyonunun niteliksel yönleri de politik kültür açısından önemlidir. Bu çalışma, bir katılım aracı olarak Türkiye’de kurulan Cumhurbaşkanlığı İletişim Merkezi’nin (CİMER) toplumsal anlamı üzerine özgün bulgular sunar. Araştırmanın bulguları, Türkiye nüfusunun %30’undan fazlasını oluşturan İstanbul, Ankara ve İzmir illerinden, internet kullanım verilerinin dayandığı 16-74 yaş grubu dikkate alınarak seçilen 400 kişilik bir örnekleme dayanmaktadır.
Le genre et la justice: le pouvoir de nommer
Authors: Veleanu Corina
Published: April 2023

Nous proposons une analyse jurilinguistique trilingue sur la place du féminin dans le monde de la justice, et qui s’appuiera sur des exemples identifiés en français, en espagnol et en anglais. Une perspective diachronique et contrastive sera privilégiée, à travers deux questionnements qui interrogeront la manière de nommer l’inégalité par des noms de fonctions qui se déclinent au féminin, d’un côté, et les noms d’infractions contre les femmes, de l’autre côté. Nous explorerons l’importance du nom et de l’action de nommer la réalité juridique, envisagées sous plusieurs aspects (psychologique, politique, linguistique, juridique, social) de notre organisation sociale, tout en observant que le féminin est présent dans le langage juridique de manières différentes, chaque langue employant et imaginant des solutions qui lui sont propres.
Integrating expertise for teaching conservation science to cultural heritage conservation students – A closer look at radiation, colour and museum lighting topics
Authors: França de Sá Susana , Vilarigues Márcia
Published: April 2023

Introduction to Conservation Science (ICS) is a curricular unit (CU) from the bachelor’s degree in Conservation-Restoration at NOVA School of Science and Technology. This CU was created in 2017 to fill a gap in the academic degree – the need for a bridge between fundamental sciences (1st year) and conservation-restoration diagnosis (3rd year). For this reason, ICS was designed with the main goal of teaching 2nd year students how to look at, approach and solve problems of Cultural Heritage, through the combination of reflexive thinking and object-led analysis. ICS was first designed by an expert in Conservation Science with academic background in physics. However, from the perception of the students’ struggle to understand the purpose of ICS subjects to their future professional activity, a professor with expertise in Conservation and Restoration was invited in 2019 to work together in the re-design of the CU, through an integrated approach between the two experts. ICS was then revised with the introduction of new perspectives and topics, as well as new communication routes to students. This work highlights this partnership as a good practice methodology to involve conservation-restoration students into science, focusing on the ICS classes specifically dedicated to radiation, colour, and museum lighting.
Determination of Machining Parameters for a Specific Adjustment of the Residual Stress Profile by Induction Hardening*
Authors: Frerichs F. , Lübben T.
Published: April 2023

Within the research work of the Transregional Collaborative Research Center TRR 136, process signatures were determined for processes that generate essentially thermal loading of the component surface layer. These process signatures represent correlations between material modifications (e. g. changes of residual stress, microstructure, hardness profile, etc.) and characteristic values of the material loading. The underlying idea is that the material does not know any processes but only loads caused by processes. In particular, the same loads lead to the same material modifications regardless of the kind of process. A decisive advantage of this concept over conventional approaches is the possibility of calculating the necessary internal material loads backwards on the basis of concrete specifications for the material modifications. If there are additional correlations between internal material loads and process quantities as well as between process quantities and machining parameters, the necessary machining parameters can be determined, too. In this paper, this procedure will be introduced using the example of one-sided induction hardening of cuboidal components made of 42CrMo4. The determination of the process signature by experimental and numerical investigations is described and work for experimental verifications are presented.
Numerical simulation of thermal sterilization heating process of canned fruits with different shapes based on UDM and RDM
Authors: Fu Zhiqiang , Liu Haozhe , Duan Liying , Huang Liqiang , Wang Yan , Sun Xueliang , Zhou Chuanhao
Published: April 2023

The random distribution model (RDM) and uniform distribution model (UDM) were used to simulate the thermal sterilization of canned fruit. The RDM was established with the radiation function, and the stability of RDM results was analyzed by simulating temperature change during thermal sterilization and determining the sterilization parameter F value of the slowest heating zone (SHZ). The performance of the distribution models in simulating thermal sterilization heating process of canned fruit with different shapes was studied using the UDM and RDM of canned yellow peach (hemispherical shell), pear (sphere), and coconut (cube). Simulation results were compared with experimental results. The flow field and temperature field distributions were used in analyzing the influence of fruits shape on the accuracy of the models. The simulation results of different RDMs were consistent with the temperature change and F value, indicating that the RDMs had stable simulation results. When the contact between two types of fruit was a point, the UDM can be used in the numerical simulation of thermal sterilization. When the contact was a non-point, the RDM was more accurate in simulating thermal sterilization. This study provides constructive suggestions for the simulation of thermal sterilization of canned fruit with different shapes.
Metrica – An application for collecting and navigating to geodetic control network points. Part II: Practical verification
Authors: Przewięźlikowska Anna , Ślusarczyk Wioletta , Wójcik Klaudia , Maciuk Kamil
Published: April 2023

To prepare the mobile application for the ongoing update of the control network, it is necessary to define detailed procedures for dealing with the points database. These procedures concern the determination of the methodology of making an inventory of the existing database and then the determination of the rules for updating the control network using the developed application. This part describes a practical verification of Metrica for collecting control points data and showing specific cases in the collection and sharing of such data. There were created field inspections using nine different criteria on the set of selected points. Analysis shows that a large part of the points need to be reviewed once again, and its description needs to be updated.
An exploration of barriers to access to trial of labor and vaginal birth after cesarean in the United States: a scoping review
Authors: Eggen Melissa B. , Petrey Jessica , Roberson Paige , Curnutte Mary , Jennings J’Aime C.
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Increasing the number of vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) deliveries is one strategy to reduce the cesarean rate in the United States. Despite evidence of its safety, access to trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC) and VBAC are limited by many clinical and non-clinical factors. We used a scoping review methodology to identify barriers to access of TOLAC and VBAC in the United States and extract potential leverage points from the literature.

Content

We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and CINAHL for peer-reviewed, English-language studies published after 1990, focusing on access to TOLAC and/or VBAC in the United States. Themes and potential leverage points were mapped onto the Minority Health and Health Disparities Research Framework. The search yielded 21 peer-reviewed papers.

Barriers varied across levels of influence and included factors related to restrictive clinical guidelines, provider reluctance, geographic disparities, and midwifery scopes of practice. While barriers varied in levels of influence, the majority were related to systemic and interpersonal factors.

Outlook

Barriers to TOLAC and VBAC exist at many levels and are both clinical and non-clinical in nature. The existing body of literature can benefit from more research examining the impact of recent revisions to clinical guidelines related to VBAC as well as additional qualitative studies to more deeply understand the complexity of provider reluctance.
On the subject-orientation of the dispositional middle construction
Authors: Oya Toshiaki
Published: April 2023

This article argues against the claim that the dispositional middle construction is always subject-oriented, by discussing dispositional constructions in Japanese and impersonal middle constructions formed with the causative verb lassen ‘let’ in German. In Japanese, the disposition is ascribed not to the nominative subject, but to an object. In German, nominative subjects are not required. This suggests that subject orientedness is not inherent but arises from the properties of independently existing constructions that are interpeted as dispositional. In English and German, an intransitive or a reflexive construction derived from its transitive variant is employed as a canonical middle construction. In these cases, the accusative argument becomes a nominative subject by applying specific grammatical operations; thus, the expression of a subject becomes obligatory. In contrast, a potential construction is interpreted as dispositional in Japanese in which case the disposition is typically ascribed to the object with nominative case, which is almost obligatory in Japanese. It follows that the target of the disposition in middle constructions is a grammatically “highlighted” event participant, as in the case of root modals.
Ist der öffentliche Dienst noch ein attraktiver Arbeitgeber? Veränderte Wahrnehmungen zu Jobsicherheit, langfristiger Beschäftigung und Karriereperspektiven von Beschäftigten im öffentlichen Dienst und der Privatwirtschaft von 1985 bis 2018
Authors: Löwe Paul Severin , Valet Peter
Published: April 2023

Lange Zeit galt der öffentliche Dienst als attraktiver Arbeitgeber für Menschen, die eine sichere und langfristige Beschäftigung mit klar definierten Karriereperspektiven anstrebten. Als Konsequenz der Reformen ab den 1990er Jahren wurde jedoch häufig diagnostiziert, dass der öffentliche Dienst an Attraktivität eingebüßt habe. Weitgehend unerforscht ist jedoch, ob die Beschäftigten im öffentlichen Dienst ihre Beschäftigung tatsächlich als zunehmend unattraktiv erachteten. Darum untersuchen wir Veränderungen in den Wahrnehmungen zu drei Indikatoren, die eine Beschäftigung im öffentlichen Dienst als attraktiv erscheinen lassen: Jobsicherheit, dauerhafte Beschäftigung und Karriereperspektiven. Unsere Ergebnisse multivariater Analysen auf Basis von SOEP-Daten der Jahre 1985 bis 2018 zeigen, dass der öffentliche Dienst über die gesamte Beobachtungszeit Attraktivitätsvorteile gegenüber der Privatwirtschaft aufwies. Diese Vorteile waren jedoch vor allem durch die Statusgruppe der Beamtenschaft geprägt.
Resilient Requirements Engineering
Authors: Gräßler Iris , Oleff Christian , Preuß Daniel , Koch Anna-Sophie
Published: April 2023

Entwicklungsprojekte stehen in einem Spannungsfeld von Volatilität, Unsicherheit, Komplexität und Ambiguität (VUCA). Resilient Requirements Engineering (RRE) ist ein vielversprechender Ansatz, diesen Rahmenbedingungen gerecht zu werden und erfolgreich zu entwickeln. Es werden Methoden aus den drei Innovationsfeldern des RRE – Vorausschau, Effizienz und Nachhaltigkeit – angewendet, um Effizienzpotenziale in der Produktentwicklung zu nutzen und frühzeitig Nachhaltigkeitsdimensionen in der Ermittlung von Stakeholderbedürfnissen zu verankern.
Systemdiagnose an haustechnischen Kompensator-Installationen
Authors: Hund Silvio , Rudolph Mathias , Brandt Ulf , Scheiba Stefan
Published: April 2023

In Haus- und Gebäudeinstallationen werden Kompensatoren und Wellschläuche als flexibles Verbindungsstück zwischen Rohrleitungen eingesetzt. Ihre Hauptaufgabe besteht in der Ableitung auftretender Kräfte, die beispielsweise durch thermische Ausdehnung und Versatz hervorgerufen werden. Somit besitzen sie eine sicherheits- und funktionsrelevante Bedeutung. Für einen effizienten und sicheren Anlagenbetrieb sind zur Umsetzung einer zustandsabhängigen Instandhaltungsstrategie Kenntnisse über das Degradationsverhalten eines Kompensators notwendig, um frühzeitig mögliche Schadensereignisse zu erkennen. Innerhalb eines Forschungsprojekts wurden messtechnische Charakteristiken hypothetischer Degradationszustände mit dem Ziel untersucht, ein Konzept für eine Systemdiagnose zu entwickeln.
KI und IoT – Treiber der Digitalen Transformation
Authors: Safar Milad
Published: April 2023

Das Internet of Things (IoT) hat für die Unternehmen branchenübergreifend erhebliche wirtschaftliche und technische Potenziale erschlossen. Die einzelnen Geräte miteinander verbinden zu können, eröffnet neue Möglichkeiten sowohl für die Industrie als auch für die Service-Unternehmen. Das IoT bringt aber auch ein hohes Daten- und Informationsvolumen mit sich. Robotic Process Automation in Verbindung mit Künstlicher Intelligenz ist eine praxisbewährte Lösung, den systemübergreifenden Datenaustausch der vernetzten Geräte effizient zu organisieren.
Erfolgsfaktoren digitaler Geschäftsmodelle für OEM in der Automobilindustrie
Authors: Müller Dominik M. , Gutacker Tobias
Published: April 2023

In diesem Beitrag wird der Problemstellung nachgegangen, welche übergeordneten Erfolgsfaktoren etablierte Automobilhersteller erfüllen müssen, um digitale Geschäftsmodelle umsetzen zu können. Nach der Herleitung der Faktoren wird ein Modell erbracht, das eine Evaluierung eben solcher Geschäftsmodelle erlaubt. Durch den Fokus auf diese Erfolgsfaktoren kann die zuvor gestellte Problemstellung gelöst werden.
Kontinuierliche Verbesserung eines KI-Systems
Authors: Seibold Johannes , Schwarzer Steffen , Hentsch Maximilian
Published: April 2023

Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) leistet in der Industrie einen bedeutenden Beitrag zur Automatisierung einer Vielzahl von Prozessen. Die kontinuierliche Verbesserung von KI-Modellen auch nach dem initialen Training stellt jedoch für viele Unternehmen eine große Hürde dar. Dieser Beitrag stellt ein Framework am Beispiel eines konkreten Anwendungsfalls vor, welches diese Hürde überwindet und flexibel auf eine sich ändernde Datengrundlage reagieren kann.
In UteroAlcohol Exposure Impairs Retinal Angiogenesis and the Microvessel-Associated Positioning of Calretinin Interneurons
Authors: Dumanoir Marion , Leroy Anaïs , Burel Delphine , Laquerrière Annie , Janin François , Lebon Alexis , Valet Manon , Godefroy David , Przegralek Lauriane , Lecointre Maryline , Picaud Serge , Marret Stéphane , Marguet Florent , Gonzalez Bruno J. , Brasse-Lagnel Carole
Published: April 2023

In addition to brain disorders, which constitute a devastating consequence of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE), eye development is also significantly affected. Given that the retina is a readily accessible part of the central nervous system, a better understanding of the impact of ethanol on retinal development might provide ophthalmological landmarks helpful for early diagnosis of fetal alcohol syndrome. This study aimed to provide a fine morphometric and cellular characterization of the development of retinal microvasculature and neurovascular interactions in a mouse model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). The data revealed that PAE impaired superficial vascular plexus development. In particular, progression of the vascular migration front was significantly decreased in PAE retinas, supporting a delay in plexus progression. Moreover, a significant decrease in the vessel density and number of perforating vessels was quantified in PAE mice, supporting less angiogenesis. The present study provides also the first evidence of a close interaction between migrating calretinin-positive interneurons and perforating microvessels in the inner nuclear layer of the developing retina. This neurovascular association was significantly impaired by PAE. Moreover, projections of amacrine cells were abnormally distributed and densified in stratum S1 and S2. In humans, comparison of a five-month-old control infant with a three-month-old alcohol-exposed case revealed a similar mispositioning of calretinin-positive interneurons. This opens new research avenues regarding a neurovascular contribution in the deleterious effects of alcohol in the developing retina and support that ophthalmological examination could become a promising approach for early detection of alcohol-exposed infants presenting with neurovascular brain defects.
The inclusiveness of China’s development finance: China’s hybrid approach to aid and poverty reduction in Africa
Authors: Wang Zhao , Feng Kai
Published: April 2023

Recent years have seen China emerging as a new donor outside of the West’s club of traditional donors, seeking to fill the financing gap for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The Chinese government has adopted a hybrid approach to international aid, in which it supplies trade credit and other types of loans to underdeveloped countries through its policy banks and state-owned enterprises in addition to traditional aid. As such a hybrid approach is considered more market-oriented than traditional donors, much of the literature on it has focused on its impact on economic growth rather than on social welfare and poverty reduction. It is critical to note, however, that in reality, the Chinese government has long-valued poverty reduction as a priority of the SDGs, regardless of the context of domestic governance or international aid. Therefore, this article used the panel data of African countries between 2000 and 2016 to test the relationship between China’s development finance and its corresponding poverty-reduction effect in Africa. Empirical results shown that China’s hybrid approach reduced poverty in Africa, particularly in poorer sub-Saharan countries and “heavily indebted poor countries.” Further, in a similar vein to China’s domestic inclusive-growth model, its poverty reduction in Africa tended to be achieved indirectly through production sectors rather than directly through the provision of social relief.
Digital technology and senior citizens in the city of Osijek: a quantitative study
Authors: Petr Balog Kornelija , Faletar Sanjica , Jakopec Tomislav
Published: April 2023

Purpose. The world population is continuously ageing, and a significant amount of world efforts has already been dedicated to increasing the quality of life of the population in the age-group of 65+. A way to achieve this goal is to introduce older generations to the benefits of digital technology. This paper presents the findings of a study on digital technology adoption and the online information needs of senior citizens in the city of Osijek, Croatia.
Methodology. The study was conducted on a sample of 188 participants from September to December 2021. The data was collected by the means of a paper survey distributed to respondents in several locations: a local senior care home, the farmers market, and a non-profit organization.
Findings. The respondents in our sample prefer smartphones (49.5%) and personal computers or laptops (27.7%) over tablet computers and smartwatches. The internet is used by almost 70% of the respondents, mostly for purposeful searches for information or communication. E-learning, e-shopping, or e-government applications are used rarely. The study detected significant differences in digital technology use concerning gender, age, life satisfaction and living with a partner.
Social implications. In order to support and promote the active ageing of senior citizens in Osijek, a more systematic approach at the level of city administration is needed in order to ensure a better understanding and use of digital technology by this vulnerable demographic group.
Originality. The paper presents a valuable contribution to further understanding the ICT adoption, skills and online information behaviour of senior citizens in Osijek, Croatia.
Emergency Government of Lampung Residency during Kraai Operation, 1949-1950
Authors: Pratama Rinaldo Adi , Maskun Maskun , Arif Suparman
Published: April 2023

During the independence war of Indonesia, particularly, Kraai Operation or in the military base, also known as the Dutch Military Aggression II in the Lampung Residency, made many contributions to maintaining state sovereignty. The revolution in the Lampung region was part of the Sumatra Province, namely the Lampung Residency. This study aimed to find out the impact of the Kraai Operation. The research used historical research methods. We conducted the research in three regions once the Lampung Residency’s emergency capital focused on politics, the military, and economics. During the Kraai Operation period or Dutch Military Aggression II 1949-1950, Lampung Residency led by Gele Harun Nasution issued political, military, and economic policies to counteract the Kraai Operation. He moved the Government and Defense, formed the North Front, Central Front, and Southern Front, and coordinated the camps in the Lampung Residency. Moreover, he printed emergency money for the Residency of Lampung to prevent the spread of the Dutch currency, which affected inflation.Keywords: Lampung Residency; Emergency Government; Kraai Operation; Gele Harun Nasution; Revolution Selama perang kemerdekaan Indonesia, khususnya Operasi Kraai atau Agresi Militer Belanda II, Karesidenan Lampung banyak memberikan kontribusi untuk menjaga kedaulatan negara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak dari Operasi Kraai di wilayah Keresidenan Lampung. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian sejarah. Penelitian ini dilakukan di tiga wilayah yang pernah menjadi ibu kota darurat Karesidenan Lampung yang fokus pada bidang politik, militer, dan ekonomi. Pada masa Operasi Kraai atau Agresi Militer Belanda II 1949-1950, Karesidenan Lampung yang dipimpin oleh Gele Harun Nasution mengeluarkan tiga kebijakan yakni politik, militer, dan ekonomi untuk menangkal Operasi Kraai. Ia menggerakkan Pemerintahan dan Pertahanan, membentuk Front Utara, Front Tengah dan Front Selatan serta mengkoordinasikan kamp-kamp di Karesidenan Lampung, dan mencetak uang darurat untuk Karesidenan Lampung untuk mencegah penyebaran mata uang Belanda yang berdampak pada inflasi besar di wilayah republic.Kata Kunci: Karesidenan Lampung; Pemerintah Darurat; Operasi Kraai; Gele Harun Nasution; Revolusi
Public History of Chinese-Javanese Harmony in Yogyakarta for History Learning with Diversity Insights
Authors: Kurniawan Hendra , Supriatna Nana , Mulyana Agus , Yulifar Leli
Published: April 2023

History learning is often still dominated by mainstream material in textbooks. Local historical studies, such as Chinese-Javanese relations in Yogyakarta, have yet to be accommodated. For this reason, this study formulates the construction of history learning about Chinese-Javanese harmony in Yogyakarta in the context of utilizing public history. This qualitative research uses library methods to identify history learning sources about Chinese-Javanese relations in Yogyakarta. Furthermore, with the critical theory paradigm, the construction of history learning with the perspective of diversity regarding Chinese-Javanese harmony in Yogyakarta is formulated that can be applied in the classroom. As a result, it was found that the existence of the Chinatown area, inscriptions at the Yogyakarta Palace, kelenteng (temples), wayang Cina-Jawa or Wacinwa (Chinese-Javanese puppets), and local cuisine can be a source of learning the history of Chinese-Javanese harmony in Yogyakarta. These learning sources have the potential to be studied in the space of public history, so history learning can be constructed by encouraging students to produce public historical works in digital form through social media so that they can be widely enjoyed. Constructing history learning like this can contribute to building diverse discourses in society to strengthen national integration.Keywords: Chinese, Yogyakarta, public history, history learning, diversity.Pembelajaran sejarah kerap masih didominasi materi arus utama dalam buku teks. Kajian sejarah lokal seperti relasi Tionghoa-Jawa di Yogyakarta belum terakomodasi. Untuk itu, penelitian ini merumuskan konstruksi pembelajaran sejarah tentang keharmonisan Tionghoa-Jawa di Yogyakarta dalam konteks pemanfaatan sejarah publik. Penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan untuk mengindentifikasi sumber-sumber belajar sejarah tentang relasi Tionghoa-Jawa di Yogyakarta. Selanjutnya dengan paradigma teori kritis dirumuskan konstruksi pembelajaran sejarah berwawasan kebinekaan mengenai keharmonisan Tionghoa-Jawa di Yogyakarta yang dapat diterapkan di kelas. Hasilnya didapati bahwa keberadaan kawasan Pecinan, prasasti-prasasti di Keraton Yogyakarta, kelenteng, wayang Cina Jawa (Wacinwa), dan kuliner lokal dapat menjadi sumber belajar sejarah keharmonisan Tionghoa-Jawa di Yogyakarta. Sumber-sumber belajar tersebut berpotensi untuk dikaji dalam ruang sejarah publik, maka pembelajaran sejarah dapat dikonstruksi dengan mendorong siswa menghasilkan karya sejarah publik dalam bentuk digital melalui media sosial sehingga dapat dinikmati secara luas. Konstruksi pembelajaran sejarah seperti ini dapat berkontribusi membangun wacana kebinekaan di tengah masyarakat untuk menguatkan integrasi bangsa.Kata kunci: Tionghoa, Yogyakarta, sejarah publik, pembelajaran sejarah, kebinekaan.
Barreras e incentivos de la movilidad en un sistema de bicicletas compartidas en un municipio español
Authors: Sanmiguel-Rodríguez Alberto
Published: April 2023

Introducción: El interés por el ciclismo urbano está aumentando y el número de programas de bicicletas compartidas ha crecido rápidamente durante los últimos años. Por ello, el objetivo que se pretende alcanzar en este estudio es saber si los factores como las estaciones, los trayectos y las altitudes afectan el uso del sistema compartido de bicicletas en un municipio español.

Método: Se ha diseñado un estudio cuantitativo y longitudinal con recogida y análisis de datos del BSS de Vilagarcía de Arousa, que registra un total de 84 183 observaciones (hombres n = 59 159; mujeres n = 25 024). Los datos extraídos del sistema fueron recolectados y analizados estadísticamente, a través del programa IBM SPSS versión 21.0. Se ha establecido un valor de significación p < 0,05.

Resultados: La estación más utilizada fue la que se sitúa en el centro de la ciudad y representa un total del 39 % de las observaciones. La elevación neutra, es decir, salir de una estación y depositar la bicicleta en otra con la misma altitud, representó el 65,5 % de los registros totales.

Conclusiones: El municipio de Vilagarcía de Arousa reúne unas características topográficas favorables para ser un servicio rentable que fomente unos hábitos saludables, como un medio de transporte activo de desplazamiento en el entorno urbano, una mejora de la movilidad urbana y un entorno menos contaminado.
Construction of Agency within Climate Change Framing in Media Discourse: a Corpus-Based Study
Authors: Kramar Natalie
Published: April 2023

The study addresses the role of linguistic agency in framing climate change in media discourse based on the corpus of 75 articles from leading British and American news outlets. We have used corpus manager AntConc to analyse the linguistic context of the phrase climate change and alternative terms (climate crisis, climate emergency, etc.) when positioned as an agent vs a recipient of the process. Both metaphorical and non-metaphorical framing patterns have been identified, with the discussion of their broad social implications. We have revealed that climate change is routinely represented as a contributor towards negative situations of different kinds but rarely as a direct and exclusive cause. This may divert the readership’s attention from the urgency of the problem, as its salience is not underscored enough. The most important finding is that climate change is frequently associated with humanlike agency, presented as an evil-doer or an enemy that must be fought. We argue that this framing is problematic as it backgrounds humans’ responsibility for causing and exacerbating climate change.
Customary and Legal Principles of Communication in Relation to Unethical Speech Acts
Authors: Kowalczyk Joanna
Published: April 2023

The present paper discusses the problem of unethical speech acts, verbal aggression and valuing of texts in the context of legal regulations concerning the axiology of communication in a democratic state. The aim of the study was to describe the relationship between linguistic activity and the rules of ethics of expression in the context of Polish cultural-civilisational conditions and legal directives on ethics of expression and to relate forms of linguistic aggression to how they are qualified as prohibited acts that violate the norms of acceptable patterns of communication. The research corpus comes from legal acts and public statements. The legislative corpus was based on two normative texts fundamental for regulating the ethics of social life, i.e. the Constitution of the Republic of Poland (K97) and the Polish Penal Code(KK97). Discursive analysis and legal functional-systemic interpretation constituted the methodological foundation of the study. The analysis showed the expected functionality of a word in the context of a community organised within state structures. On the one hand, a word can be a way of describing reality or emotions, and on the other, an object of legal protection or an instrument of crime.