bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Positive psychology intervention for couples: A pilot study
Authors: Antoine Pascal , Andreotti Eva , Congard Anne
Published: January 2020

In this randomized study, a multicomponent, theory‐driven, autonomous self‐help positive psychology intervention (PPI) for couples was examined. This intervention was not designed for distressed couples but rather to address autonomous couples with a good initial level of functioning who, nonetheless, wished to improve it. The objective was to assess the efficacy of the PPI on satisfaction with life, affective life, communication patterns, and dyadic adjustment in each member of the dyad. The 4‐week PPI encompassed dyadic and individual daily activities. Thirty‐eight couples were assigned to an intervention group (n = 20 couples) or a waiting list control (WLC) group (n = 18 couples). Assessments were conducted prior to and after the PPI, with an immediate post‐test and a follow‐up. Ninety‐two percent of the PPI was completed by the participants. Linear mixed models revealed improvements in positive emotions, communication patterns of mutuality, and dyadic adjustment from the pretest to the immediate post‐test in the intervention group compared with the WLC group. Effects of dyadic adjustment were maintained from pretest to 1‐month follow‐up in the intervention group. This pilot study suggests that the realization of intentional dyadic activities presents an interesting approach to contribute to individual positive emotions and dyadic functioning.
Super‐Resolution Mapping of Single Nanoparticles inside Tumor Spheroids
Authors: Liu Yongtao , Wang Fan , Lu Hongxu , Fang Guocheng , Wen Shihui , Chen Chaohao , Shan Xuchen , Xu Xiaoxue , Zhang Lin , Stenzel Martina , Jin Dayong
Published: January 2020

Cancer spheroids have structural, functional, and physiological similarities to the tumor, and have become a low‐cost in vitro model to study the physiological responses of single cells and therapeutic efficacy of drugs. However, the tiny spheroid, made of a cluster of high‐density cells, is highly scattering and absorptive, which prevents light microscopy techniques to reach the depth inside spheroids with high resolution. Here, a method is reported for super‐resolution mapping of single nanoparticles inside a spheroid. It first takes advantage of the self‐healing property of a “nondiffractive” doughnut‐shaped Bessel beam from a 980 nm diode laser as the excitation, and further employs the nonlinear response of the 800 nm emission from upconversion nanoparticles, so that both excitation and emission at the near‐infrared can experience minimal loss through the spheroid. These strategies lead to the development of a new nanoscopy modality with a resolution of 37 nm, 1/26th of the excitation wavelength. This method enables mapping of single nanoparticles located 55 µm inside a spheroid, with a resolution of 98 nm. It suggests a solution to track single nanoparticles and monitor their release of drugs in 3D multicellar environments.
Anionic Redox Chemistry as a Clue for Understanding the Structural Behavior in Layered Cathode Materials
Authors: Lee Wontae , Yun Soyeong , Li Hao , Kim Jaeyoung , Lee Hayeon , Kwon Kyeongkeun , Lee Jin Yong , Choi Young‐Min , Yoon Won‐Sub
Published: January 2020

The anionic redox chemistries of layered cathode materials have been in focus recently due to an intriguing phenomenon that cannot be described by the number of electrons of transition metal ions. However, even though several studies have investigated the anionic redox chemistry of layered materials in terms of the charge compensation, the relationship between the origin of the structural behavior and anionic redox chemistry in layered materials remains poorly understood. In addition, a simultaneous redox process of transition metal ions could occur through the d bands interaction. Here, it is demonstrated that the anionic redox chemistry is associated with the anisotropic structural behavior of the layered cathode materials albeit without providing additional capacities exceeding the theoretical values. These findings will provide a foundation of a new chapter in the understanding of the properties of materials.
A framework for modelling structural association amongst barriers to software outsourcing partnership formation: An interpretive structural modelling approach
Authors: Ali Sikandar , Huang Jiwei , Khan Siffat Ullah , Li Hongqi
Published: January 2020

Software Outsourcing Partnership (SOP) is considered as a type of risk and reward sharing relationship between a client organisation, in the developed countries, and its overseas vendor organisation. Regardless of numerous benefits, the development of SOP still remnants in its infancy stage due to several interactive barriers. Some studies have been conducted to examine the barriers to SOP formation. However, no attempt has been reported so far to explore the multifaceted interrelationships amongst them. To bridge the gap, this study implements Interpretive Structural Model (ISM) approach to reconnoitre the interrelationships amongst the barriers in the context of SOP formation. The objective of this research paper is to develop a framework for modelling structural association amongst the barriers. To achieve the objective, we used a hybrid methodology based on systematic literature review (SLR), empirical survey, and ISM. Firstly, via SLR study, we identified 27 barriers to SOP formation. Secondly, to empirically explore the interrelationships amongst the identified barriers, a questionnaire survey was performed with 50 experts from a total of 20 different countries. Further, interrelationships amongst the barriers were identified using ISM via panel review, and their classifications were carried out via Cross‐Impact Matrix Multiplication Applied to the Classification Approach.
The Coarse Microstructure of Medium‐Carbon Microalloyed Steel Crankshafts: Formation Mechanism and Finish Forging Control
Authors: Zhao Fan , Zhang Zhongshi , Liu Yazheng , Zhang Zhihao , Xie Jianxin
Published: January 2020

The effect of hot deformation parameters on microstructure coarsening of the medium‐carbon microalloyed steel is studied by means of hot compression experiments. The effective strain of finish forging in a crankshaft is simulated by means of finite element numerical simulations. The microstructure and properties of the crankshaft are also analyzed. The hot compression experiments result shows that with the deformation increasing from 2% to 18%, the austenite grain size first increases and then decreases, and it reaches the maximum when the deformation is 6%. The microstructure coarsening is mainly caused by critical deformation. With the increase in deformation temperature and the decrease in strain rate, the austenite grains can also be coarsened. When the effective strain of finish forging exceeds 0.2 in the main journal section of the crankshaft, the microstructure is refined significantly, and mechanical properties are improved. To avoid coarse microstructure, the reduction of finish forging should reach 15–20 mm.
Existence and integral representation of solutions for plane deformations of a micropolar elastic solid with surface elasticity
Authors: Gharahi Alireza , Schiavone Peter
Published: January 2020

We consider a linear theory of elastic boundary reinforcement of a micropolar elastic solid subjected to plane‐strain deformations. The reinforcement consists of a thin micropolar elastic coating bonded to part of the boundary of the solid. The elastic properties of the coating incorporate both classical and micropolar bending, extension and twisting effects. Interior and exterior mixed boundary problems are formulated and analyzed using the boundary integral equation method. The boundary value problems are reduced to systems of singular integro‐differential equations to which Noether‐type theorems are shown to apply. We consider also the corresponding boundary value problems based on an alternative lower‐order shell model of the reinforcement. Finally, existence and uniqueness results are presented for the corresponding interior and exterior boundary value problems in the appropriate classical function spaces.
Anisotropic destruction of the Fermi surface in inhomogeneous holographic lattices
Authors: Iliasov Askar , Bagrov Andrey A. , Katsnelson Mikhail I. , Krikun Alexander
Published: January 2020

Abstract

We analyze fermionic response of strongly correlated holographic matter in presence of inhomogeneous periodically modulated potential mimicking the crystal lattice. The modulation is sourced by a scalar operator that explicitly breaks the translational symmetry in one direction. We compute the fermion spectral function and show that it either exhibits a well defined Fermi surface with umklapp gaps opening on the Brillouin zone boundary at small lattice wave vector, or, when the wave vector is large, the Fermi surface is anisotropically deformed and the quasiparticles get significantly broadened in the direction of translation symmetry breaking. Making use of the ability of our model to smoothly extrapolate to the homogeneous Q-lattice like setup, we show that this novel effect is not due to the periodic modulation of the potential and Umklapp physics, but rather due to the anisotropic features of the holographic horizon. That means it encodes novel physics of strongly correlated critical systems which may be relevant for phenomenology of exotic states of electron matter.
Genetic characterization and genome-wide association mapping for dwarf bunt resistance in bread wheat accessions from the USDA National Small Grains Collection
Authors: Gordon Tyler , Wang Rui , Hole David , Bockelman Harold , Michael Bonman J. , Chen Jianli
Published: January 2020

Key message

Dwarf bunt-resistant bread wheat accessions and SNP markers associated with DB resistance identified in this study are valuable resources for characterization and deployment of DB resistance in bread wheat.

Dwarf bunt (DB), caused byTilletia controversaJ.G. Kühn, can significantly reduce grain yield and quality on autumn-sown wheat in regions with prolonged snow cover. DB can be managed with the use of resistant cultivars. The objectives of the present study were to characterize DB resistance in a large set of bread wheat accessions from the National Small Grains Collection and use a genome-wide association study approach to identify genetic loci associated with DB resistance. A total of 292 accessions were selected using historical DB resistance data recorded across many trials and years in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) and re-tested for DB resistance in replicated field nurseries in Logan, UT, in 2017, 2018, and 2019. Ninety-eight accessions were resistant with DB normalized incidence ≤ 10%, and twenty-eight of these were highly resistant with DB normalized incidence ≤ 1% in both GRIN and the field nurseries. Based on the presence of marker haplotypes of the four published dwarf bunt QTL on 6DS, 6DL, 7AL, and 7DS, highly resistant accessions identified in this study may provide novel resistance and should be further evaluated. This study validated one previously identified QTL on 6DS and identified an additional locus on 6DS. These loci explained 9–15% of the observed phenotypic variation. The resistant accessions and molecular markers identified in the present study may provide valuable resources for characterization and deployment of DB resistance in bread wheat.
Therapeutic potential of ayahuasca in grief: a prospective, observational study
Authors: González Débora , Cantillo Jordi , Pérez Irene , Farré Magí , Feilding Amanda , Obiols Jordi E. , Bouso José Carlos
Published: January 2020

Rationale

Recent studies have assessed the therapeutic potential of ayahuasca for the treatment of depression with promising preliminary results.

Objectives

Here, we examine the course of grief over 1 year of follow-up in a bereaved sample that attended a center in Peru to participate in indigenous Shipibo ayahuasca ceremonies. We also explore the roles of experiential avoidance and decentering as mechanisms of change.

Methods

Bereaved participants who attended the ayahuasca center responded to an online survey that included the Texas Revised Inventory of Grief, Symptom Assessment-45, WHO Quality of Life-Bref, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire, and Decentering. Baseline assessment was completed by 50 individuals (T0). Of these, 39 completed the post-assessment at 15 days (T1), 31 at 3 months (T2), 29 at 6 months (T3), and 27 at 12 months (T4) after leaving the retreat. Pearson’s analysis was performed to examine the relationship between the severity of grief and mechanisms of change during the period of T0 and T1.

Results

A significant decrease in Texas Revised Inventory was observed at all time points (T1: Cohen’s d = 0.84; T2: Cohen’s d = 1.38; T3: Cohen’s d = 1.16; T4: Cohen’s d = 1.39). We found a relationship between experiential avoidance (r = 0.55; p < .01), decentering (r = − 0.47; p < .01), and a reduction in the severity of grief.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that the ceremonial use of ayahuasca has therapeutic value by reducing the severity of grief. Acceptance and decentering are both psychological processes that mediate the improvement of grief symptoms.
The discontinuous effect of pressure on twin boundary strength in MgO
Authors: van Driel J. , Schusteritsch G. , Brodholt J. P. , Dobson D. P. , Pickard C. J.
Published: January 2020

MgO makes up about 20% of the Earth’s lower mantle; hence, its rheological behaviour is important for the dynamics and evolution of the Earth. Here, we investigate the strength of twin boundaries from 0 to 120 GPa using DFT calculations together with structure prediction methods. As expected, we find that the energy barrier and critical stress for shear-coupled migration of the 310/[001] interface vary strongly with pressure. However, what is surprising is that the twin boundary also exhibits sudden strong discontinuities in strength which can both weaken and strengthen the boundary with increasing pressure. Since twin boundary migration is a proposed mechanism for both deformation and seismic attenuation in MgO, these results may suggest that MgO can undergo sudden changes in rheology due to transitions in grain boundary structure. The multiplicity of interfaces, however, necessitates the need for further studies to examine the role that phase changes in grain boundary structure play in mediating polycrystalline plasticity in the Earth.
Extended hepatic metastasectomy for renal cell carcinoma—new aspects in times of targeted therapy: a single-center experience over three decades
Authors: Beetz Oliver , Söffker Rabea , Cammann Sebastian , Oldhafer Felix , Vondran Florian W. R. , Imkamp Florian , Klempnauer Jürgen , Kleine Moritz
Published: January 2020

Purpose

Despite the introduction of novel targeted therapies on patients with renal cell carcinoma, syn- and metachronous metastases (including hepatic lesions) are observed frequently and significantly influence patient survival. With introduction of targeted therapies as an effective alternative to surgery, therapeutical strategies in stage IV disease must be reevaluated.

Methods

This is a retrospective analysis of 40 patients undergoing hepatic resection of histologically confirmed RCC metastases at our institution between April 1993 and April 2017.

Results

The interval between nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma and hepatic metastasectomy was 44.0 months (3.3–278.5). Liver resections of different extents were performed, including multivisceral resections. The median follow-up was 37.8 months (0.5–286.5). Tumor recurrence after resection of hepatic metastases occurred in 19 patients resulting in a median disease-free survival of 16.2 months (0.7–265.1) and a median overall survival of 37.8 months (0.5–286.5). Multivariable analysis identified multivisceral resection as an independent risk factor for disease-free and overall survival (p = 0.043 and p = 0.001, respectively). A longer interval between nephrectomy and hepatic metastasectomy was identified as an independent significant protective factor for overall survival (p < 0.001). Patients undergoing metastasectomy after introduction of sunitinib in Europe in 2006 (n = 15) showed a significantly longer overall survival (45.2 (9.1–111.0) versus 27.5 (0.5–286.52) months in the preceding era; p = 0.038).

Conclusion

Hepatic metastasectomy, including major and extended resections, on patients with metastasized renal cell carcinoma can be performed safely and may facilitate long-term survival. Due to significant morbidity and increased mortality, multivisceral resections must be weighed against other options, such as targeted therapy.
The proton pump inhibitor, lansoprazole, prevents the development of non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head: an experimental and prospective clinical trial
Authors: Kosukegawa Ima , Okazaki Shunichiro , Yamamoto Motohisa , Nagoya Satoshi , Suzuki Chisako , Shimizu Junya , Takahashi Hiroki , Yamashita Toshihiko
Published: January 2020

Background

An effective prevention strategy for osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) has yet to be established. We previously reported that the innate immune system via the toll-like receptor (TLR) response induced by corticosteroids leads to the development of ONFH and that repression of IRF7 activity by an inhibitor could interfere with the development of ONFH while maintaining the therapeutic effect of the corticosteroids.

Objective

In the present study, we hypothesize that lansoprazole has the potential to suppress IRF7 activity and prevent corticosteroid-induced ONFH in rats. Furthermore, we conducted a preliminary clinical trial to prevent corticosteroid-induced ONFH in autoimmune disease patients.

Methods

Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups. On Day 1, each rat was injected with TLR4 ligand (LPS) or TLR7 ligand (imiquimod), followed by methylprednisolone with or without lansoprazole on Day 2. They were killed at 1 or 14 days after the last injection.We prospectively recruited 30 patients requiring primary high-dose corticosteroid treatment for immune diseases. All patients were administered lansoprazole, starting the night before corticosteroid treatment began. MRI was performed before corticosteroid treatment, and at 4, 12 and 24 weeks afterward.

Results

In rats, co-treatment of lansoprazole with corticosteroids significantly repressed both IRF7 activity and the development of ONFH. Moreover, in the human patients, the incidence of ONFH was significantly decreased from 53.4 to 13.3%.

Conclusions

Although the present study is preliminary, the results show that co-treatment of lansoprazole with corticosteroids prevents ONFH development. Lansoprazole may be both safe and effective in preventing osteonecrosis of the femoral head in patients needing corticosteroid treatment.
Esophagectomy performed at institutes certified by the Japan Esophageal Society provide long-term survival advantages to esophageal cancer patients: second report analyzing 4897 cases with propensity score matching
Authors: Motoyama Satoru , Maeda Eri , Yano Masahiko , Yasuda Takushi , Ohira Masaichi , Kajiyama Yoshiaki , Higashi Takahiro , Doki Yuichiro , Matsubara Hisahiro
Published: January 2020

Background

It will be important for the Japan Esophageal Society (JES) to show an evident advantage of its institution certification system. To achieve this essential task, we used nationally acquired big data to re-analyze 5-year survival information.

Methods

In 2008–2009, there were 4897 thoracic esophageal cancer patients who underwent esophagectomy and were registered in the National Database of Hospital-based Cancer Registries. We divided these patients into two groups, those who underwent surgery at an Authorized Institute for Board Certified Esophageal Surgeons (AIBCES) or a Non-AIBCES. We then compared the patient backgrounds and 5-year survival rates between these two groups, with and without propensity score matching.

Results

There were 3080 (63%) patients who underwent esophagectomy at an AIBCES and 1817 (37%) who underwent surgery at a Non-AIBCES. Comparison of the Kaplan–Meier survival curves using log-rank tests indicated a significant difference between the AIBCES and Non-AIBCES groups at all cStages (cStages I–IV). Multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis stratified by clinical stage and adjuvant treatment revealed that AIBCES vs. Non-AIBCES is a significant independent factor (adjusted HR 0.78) for survival. After propensity score matching ensuring the backgrounds of the two groups being equivalent, there were significant differences in the 5-year survival rates for patients with cStages I–III disease between the AIBCES and Non-AIBCES groups.

Conclusions

There is a survival advantage to undergoing esophagectomy at an AIBCES. The institute certification system from the JES will contribute to the future establishment of a more appropriate surgery delivery system for thoracic esophageal cancer.
A fully differential capacitively-coupled high CMRR low-power chopper amplifier for EEG dry electrodes
Authors: Habibzadeh Tonekabony Shad Erwin , Molinas Marta , Ytterdal Trond
Published: January 2020

The use of dry electrodes is increasing rapidly. Since their impedance is high, there is a high impedance node at the connecting node between the electrode and amplifier. This leads to absorb powerline signal and high CMRR amplifiers are essential to eliminate this. In this article, we propose a low-power low-noise chopper-stabilized amplifier with high CMRR. In order to minimise the input-referred noise, an inverter-based differential amplifier is utilized. Meanwhile, a DC servo loop is designed to reject the DC offset of the electrode. Since all of the stages required a common-mode feedback, for each of the amplifiers a suitable circuit was used. Furthermore, a chopping spike filter is implemented at the final stage to attenuate the choppers’ spike. Finally, to eliminate the offset effect from the mismatch and post-layout, a DC offset rejection technique is used. The designed circuit is simulated in a standard 180 nm CMOS technology. The designed chopper amplifier consumes just 1.1 $$\upmu \hbox {W}$$μW at a 1.2 $$\hbox {V}$$V supply. The mid-band gain is 40 dB while the bandwidth is from 0.5 to 200 Hz. The total input-referred noise is 1 $$\upmu \hbox {V}_{\mathrm{rms}}$$μVrms in its bandwidth. Thus the NEF and PEF of the designed circuit is 2.7 and 9.7, respectively. In order to analyse the performance of the proposed chopper amplifier against process and mismatch variation, Monte Carlo simulation is done. According to 200 Monte Carlo simulations, CMRR and PSRR are 124 dB with 6.9 dB standard deviation and 107 dB with 7.7 standard deviation, respectively. Ultimately, the total area consumption is 0.1 $$\hbox {mm}^2$$mm2 without pads.
The effect of modeling choices on updating intensity-duration-frequency curves and stormwater infrastructure designs for climate change
Authors: Cook Lauren M. , McGinnis Seth , Samaras Constantine
Published: January 2020

Intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves, commonly used in stormwater infrastructure design to represent characteristics of extreme rainfall, are gradually being updated to reflect expected changes in rainfall under climate change. The modeling choices used for updating lead to large uncertainties; however, it is unclear how much these uncertainties affect the design and cost of stormwater systems. This study investigates how the choice of spatial resolution of the regional climate model (RCM) ensemble and the spatial adjustment technique affect climate-corrected IDF curves and resulting stormwater infrastructure designs in 34 US cities for the period 2020 to 2099. In most cities, IDF values are significantly different between three spatial adjustment techniques and two RCM spatial resolutions. These differences have the potential to alter the size of stormwater systems designed using these choices and affect the results of climate impact modeling more broadly. The largest change in the engineering decision results when the design storm is selected from the upper bounds of the uncertainty distribution of the IDF curve, which changes the stormwater pipe design size by five increments in some cases, nearly doubling the cost. State and local agencies can help reduce some of this variability by setting guidelines, such as avoiding the use of the upper bound of the future uncertainty range as a design storm and instead accounting for uncertainty by tracking infrastructure performance over time and preparing for adaptation using a resilience plan.
Genomic predictions for Fusarium head blight resistance in a diverse durum wheat panel: an effective incorporation of plant height and heading date as covariates
Authors: Moreno-Amores Jose , Michel Sebastian , Miedaner Thomas , Longin C. Friedrich H. , Buerstmayr Hermann
Published: January 2020

Selection for multiple traits is a highly challenging task for breeders due to potential unfavorable associations between characters. Fusarium head blight FHB, being one of the most relevant diseases affecting durum wheat frequently shows in this respect an unfavorable correlation with morpho-agronomical traits like plant height (PH) and heading date (HD). In this study, we used a cross-validation scheme to assess the prediction ability of the genomic predictions (GP) for FHB severity relying on genomic best linear unbiased prediction models in a diverse panel of 178 durum wheat lines evaluated across five environments. Additionally, we compared three types of approaches to include HD and PH as covariates into the analysis: (1) correcting FHB severity values before training GP models, (2) tuning the GP model parameters that included multi-trait alternatives, and (3) adjusting the genomic-based predictions by restriction indexes. Models that weighted genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV) by restriction indexes as well as models that predicted FHBms values corrected by regression-based methods were efficient alternatives in diminishing the HD trade-off, nonetheless they were also associated with large reductions in prediction ability for FHB severity. After a simulated round of genomic selection, considering HD as fixed effect in the GP model were the most suitable alternative to select a higher proportion of genotypes moderately resistant with lower-than-average HD and PH estimations. Hence, an appropriate GP model given unfavorable association between characters should combine high predictabilities and adequate reduction of undesired trade-offs.
Computing valuation adjustments for counterparty credit risk using a modified supervisory approach
Authors: Büchel Patrick , Kratochwil Michael , Rösch Daniel
Published: January 2020

Considering counterparty credit risk (CCR) for derivatives using valuation adjustments (CVA) is a fundamental and challenging task for entities involved in derivative trading activities. Particularly calculating the expected exposure is time consuming and complex. This paper suggests a fast and simple semi-analytical approach for exposure calculation, which is a modified version of the new regulatory standardized approach (SA-CCR). Hence, it conforms with supervisory rules and IFRS 13. We show that our approach is applicable to multiple asset classes and derivative products, and to single transactions as well as netting sets.
Young students posing problem-solving tasks: what does posing a similar task imply to students?
Authors: Palmér Hanna , van Bommel Jorryt
Published: January 2020

This paper focuses on problem solving and problem posing in mathematics education with 6-year-olds. After working on a problem-solving activity, the young students were asked to pose a similar task to a friend. This article explores how the students interpret the notion of similar. To be able to pose a problem-solving task themselves the students had to change perspective, from searching for information to providing information, and from searching for a solution to searching for a question. Also, to create a similar task the students had to reflect on the original problem-solving task. Thus, their posed tasks shed light on their interpretation of what the original problem-solving task was really about. The results show that the large majority of the students included some three-dimensional aspects from the original problem-solving task in their posed tasks. However, the questions they posed varied in terms of whether or not they included mathematical elements.
Impact of flight altitude and cover orientation on Digital Surface Model (DSM) accuracy for flood damage assessment in Murcia (Spain) using a fixed-wing UAV
Authors: Anders Niels , Smith Mike , Suomalainen Juha , Cammeraat Erik , Valente João , Keesstra Saskia
Published: January 2020

Soil erosion, rapid geomorphological change and vegetation degradation are major threats to the human and natural environment. Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) can be used as tools to provide detailed and accurate estimations of landscape change. The effect of flight strategy on the accuracy of UAS image data products, typically a digital surface model (DSM) and orthophoto, is unknown. Herein different flying altitudes (126-235 m) and area coverage orientations (N-S and SW-NE) are assessed in a semi-arid and medium-relief area where terraced and abandoned agricultural fields are heavily damaged by piping and gully erosion. The assessment was with respect to cell size, vertical and horizontal accuracy, absolute difference of DSM, and registration of recognizable landscape features. The results show increasing cell size (5-9 cm) with increasing altitude, and differences between elevation values (10-20 cm) for different flight directions. Vertical accuracy ranged 4-7 cm but showed no clear relationship with flight strategy, whilst horizontal error was stable (2-4 cm) for the different orthophotos. In all data sets, geomorphological features such as piping channels, rills and gullies and vegetation patches could be labeled by a technician. Finally, the datasets have been released in a public repository.
Clinical and Advanced MRI Techniques for Detection of Checkpoint Inhibitor Associated Myocarditis
Authors: Arbune Amit , Soufer Aaron , Baldassarre Lauren A.
Published: January 2020

Purpose of Review

With the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), cancer treatment has been revolutionized; however, these agents are associated with immune-related adverse events, including myocarditis, which ranges from mild to fulminant in severity. Currently, there are no established guidelines in diagnosing ICI-associated myocarditis, and the gold standard test for diagnosis of myocarditis in general is invasive endomyocardial biopsy (EMB). Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is a noninvasive test with the advantage of providing structural, functional and tissue characterization information. Additionally, it provides high spatial and temporal resolution without exposure to ionizing radiation, iodinated contrast, or radioactive isotopes.

Recent Findings

With an increasing number of reported cases of ICI associated myocarditis, understanding of the disease process and associated CMR findings is growing. Diagnostic testing with cardiac biomarkers, electrocardiogram, and echocardiogram can be nonspecific and EMB can have sampling errors. CMR as a diagnostic tool can provide functional assessment of biventricular ejection fraction, myocardial strain, tissue characterization of myocardial edema and inflammation as well as fibrosis. Furthermore, with advanced parametric mapping techniques, CMR provides even more sensitive and quantitative information about myocardial inflammation and fibrosis, including measurements of extracellular volume.

ICI-associated myocarditis is a serious immune adverse event, and CMR plays a vital role in establishing its diagnosis, providing prognostic information, and has the potential for use as a tool for screening and serial monitoring in patients exposed to ICIs.
Genetic analysis of male Hungarian Conquerors: European and Asian paternal lineages of the conquering Hungarian tribes
Authors: Fóthi Erzsébet , Gonzalez Angéla , Fehér Tibor , Gugora Ariana , Fóthi Ábel , Biró Orsolya , Keyser Christine
Published: January 2020

According to historical sources, ancient Hungarians were made up of seven allied tribes and the fragmented tribes that split off from the Khazars, and they arrived from the Eastern European steppes to conquer the Carpathian Basin at the end of the ninth century AD. Differentiating between the tribes is not possible based on archaeology or history, because the Hungarian Conqueror artifacts show uniformity in attire, weaponry, and warcraft. We used Y-STR and SNP analyses on male Hungarian Conqueror remains to determine the genetic source, composition of tribes, and kin of ancient Hungarians. The 19 male individuals paternally belong to 16 independent haplotypes and 7 haplogroups (C2, G2a, I2, J1, N3a, R1a, and R1b). The presence of the N3a haplogroup is interesting because it rarely appears among modern Hungarians (unlike in other Finno-Ugric-speaking peoples) but was found in 37.5% of the Hungarian Conquerors. This suggests that a part of the ancient Hungarians was of Ugric descent and that a significant portion spoke Hungarian. We compared our results with public databases and discovered that the Hungarian Conquerors originated from three distant territories of the Eurasian steppes, where different ethnicities joined them: Lake Baikal-Altai Mountains (Huns/Turkic peoples), Western Siberia-Southern Urals (Finno-Ugric peoples), and the Black Sea-Northern Caucasus (Caucasian and Eastern European peoples). As such, the ancient Hungarians conquered their homeland as an alliance of tribes, and they were the genetic relatives of Asiatic Huns, Finno-Ugric peoples, Caucasian peoples, and Slavs from the Eastern European steppes.
Don’t forget the flies: dipteran diversity and its consequences for floral ecology and evolution
Authors: Raguso Robert A.
Published: January 2020

The attention of the global pollination community has been drawn to food safety and other ecosystem services provided by pollinators, in light of decline in social bee populations. Despite intensified research on bees, recent studies have revealed important contributions of flies to pollination success, reproductive isolation and floral diversification. Diptera is a highly diverse insect order, comprising over 125,000 described species in 110 families and representing a broad spectrum of ecological niches beyond the well-known agricultural pests and blood-feeding vectors of human and animal diseases. Flies are most appreciated as generalized pollinators in alpine habitats (anthomyiids and tachinids) and as specialized pollinators in brood-site deceptive plants that mimic fungi (drosophilids), feces (muscids) or carrion (sarcophagids and calliphorids). Syrphid and bombyliid flies visit many of the same flowers as bees and butterflies do, but with different impacts on plant fitness. Guilds of South African plants have evolved specialized relationships with long-tongued nemestrinid and tabanid flies, thanks to geographic isolation and climatic stability. Studies in Japan highlight the evolution of another plant guild, pollinated by sciarid and mycetophilid fungus gnats, whereas Zygothrica flies (Drosophilidae) pollinate mushroom-like Dracula orchids in Andean cloud forests.
Superforms, supercurrents, minimal manifolds and Riemannian geometry
Authors: Berndtsson Bo
Published: January 2020

Supercurrents, as introduced by Lagerberg, were mainly motivated as a way to study tropical varieties. Here we will associate a supercurrent to any smooth submanifold of $${\mathbb {R}}^n$$Rn. Positive supercurrents resemble positive currents in complex analysis, but depend on a choice of scalar product on $${\mathbb {R}}^n$$Rn and reflect the induced Riemannian structure on the submanifold. In this way we can use techniques from complex analysis to study real submanifolds. We illustrate the idea by giving area estimates of minimal manifolds and a monotonicity property of the mean curvature flow. We also use the formalism to give a relatively short proof of Weyl’s tube formula.
“Against Shameless and Systematic Calumny”: Strategies of Domination and Resistance and Their Impact on the Bodies of the Poor in Nineteenth-Century Ireland
Authors: Geber Jonny , O’Donnabhain Barra
Published: January 2020

Mid-Victorian British characterizations of Ireland and much of its population blamed race and “moral character” for the widespread poverty on the island. The Irish poor were portrayed as a “race apart” whose inherent failings were at least partly to blame for the mortality they suffered during the Great Famine of 1845–1852. Recent excavations at Kilkenny workhouse and Spike Island convict prison have produced skeletal assemblages from this critical period. These collections have enabled bioarchaeological analysis of parameters mentioned by the Victorians as indicative of the distinctiveness of the Irish poor: stature, interpersonal violence, and tobacco use. Bioarchaeological data indicate that the differences between Irish and British populations in stature and risk of violence were exaggerated. Such characterizations, we argue, were part of a strategy of “Othering” that served to legitimize colonial domination. This exertion of power did not go uncontested, as the pattern of tobacco use may be indicative of forms of passive resistance.
Are demographics associated with mucoepidermoid or acinic cell carcinoma parotid malignancies in children?
Authors: Janz Tyler A. , Lentsch Eric J. , Nguyen Shaun A. , Clemmens Clarice S.
Published: January 2020

Objective

To identify possible associations between patient demographics and parotid cancer histological type in pediatric patients.

Methods

Pediatric patients (ages: birth‐18.0 years) in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were included from 1973 to 2014 based on a diagnosis of mucoepidermoid carcinoma or acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid gland using the ICD O‐3 codes of C07.9 and 8430 or 8550. Patients were classified into the following cohorts: <14 and 14–18 years of age based on the mean age at diagnosis.

Results

Three hundred and three pediatric patients were diagnosed with mucoepidermoid carcinoma or acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid gland within the SEER 18 registries. Female pediatric patients 14–18 years of age were 7.68 times more likely to have an acinic cell carcinoma (adjusted OR: 7.68 [95% CI: 2.01–29.44]). When stratified by histological type, 58.9% of female pediatric patients ≥14 years of age had an acinic cell carcinoma as compared to 37.3% of male pediatric patients ≥14 years of age, 36.5% of female pediatric patients <14 years of age, and 34.0% of male pediatric patients <14 years of age (P = 0.01).

Conclusions

Based on this study, pediatric female patients between the ages of 14 and 18 years are the most likely cohort to have acinic cell carcinoma. The results of this study may assist providers during the work up of a pediatric patient with a suspected parotid malignancy.
Securing the European Project: From Self-Referentiality to Heterarchy
Authors: FICHERA Massimo
Published: January 2020

Security is the meta-constitutional rationale of the European liberal project and is expressed by two tendentially self-justificatory discourses of power, which are two sides of the same coin: security and rights. The political, inherently conflictual nature of EU constitutional claims has been variously disguised through such discourses. Yet, as the process of constitutionalisation reaches a more advanced stage, in which the probability of high-intensity legal-political conflict as regards key issues of EU integration is growing, the moment has come to address conflict directly, rather than conceal it behind a veil of neutrality. Being ready for actual confrontation means dismissing the straitjacket imposed by the European liberal project. A move from self-referential to heterarchical security is thus advocated. As a result, the constellation of nation states should not be sidelined too easily and the needs and claims of the local level should be considered more carefully. In other words, the principles of primacy, autonomy, uniformity, and effectiveness of EU law ought to be conceived in relative, rather than in absolute terms. One possible way of addressing conflict is to simultaneously permit the CJEU (as well as other EU institutions) to engage more proactively with national courtsandidentify a common epistemic core, which ought to be upheld whenever the liberal-democratic premises of the European project are threatened.
Epistemic Injustice as a Basis for Failure? Health Research Regulation, Technological Risk and the Foundations of Harm and Its Prevention
Authors: FLEAR Mark L
Published: January 2020

I use the examples of medical devices, clinical trials and health data, to look at the framing of harm through the language of technological risk and failure. Across the examples, there is little or no suggestion of failure by those formally responsible. Failure is seen as arising when harm becomes refracted through calculative techniques and judgments, and reaches a point where the expectations of safety built into technological framings of regulation are thwarted. Technological framings may marginalise the contribution patients, research participants and others can make to regulation, which may in turn underlie harm and lead to the construction of failure. This marginalisation may amount to epistemic injustice. Epistemic injustice and its link to failure, which has normative weight over and above harm, can present a risk to organisational standing and reputation. This risk can be used to improve the knowledge base to include stakeholder knowledges of harm, and to widen responsibilities and accountabilities. This promises to allow regulation to better anticipate and prevent harm and failure, and improve the efficacy and legitimacy of the health research enterprise.
On preimage entropy, folding entropy and stable entropy
Authors: WU WEISHENG , ZHU YUJUN
Published: January 2020

For non-invertible dynamical systems, we investigate how ‘non-invertible’ a system is and how the ‘non-invertibility’ contributes to the entropy from different viewpoints. For a continuous map on a compact metric space, we propose a notion of pointwise metric preimage entropy for invariant measures. For systems with uniform separation of preimages, we establish a variational principle between this version of pointwise metric preimage entropy and pointwise topological entropies introduced by Hurley [On topological entropy of maps. Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys.15 (1995), 557–568], which answers a question considered by Cheng and Newhouse [Pre-image entropy. Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys.25 (2005), 1091–1113]. Under the same condition, the notion coincides with folding entropy introduced by Ruelle [Positivity of entropy production in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. J. Stat. Phys.85(1–2) (1996), 1–23]. For a $C^{1}$-partially hyperbolic (non-invertible and non-degenerate) endomorphism on a closed manifold, we introduce notions of stable topological and metric entropies, and establish a variational principle relating them. For $C^{2}$ systems, the stable metric entropy is expressed in terms of folding entropy (namely, pointwise metric preimage entropy) and negative Lyapunov exponents. Preimage entropy could be regarded as a special type of stable entropy when each stable manifold consists of a single point. Moreover, we also consider the upper semi-continuity for both of pointwise metric preimage entropy and stable entropy and give a version of the Shannon–McMillan–Breiman theorem for them.
After the Hurricane: Afro-Latina Decolonial Feminisms andDestierro
Authors: Figueroa Yomaira
Published: January 2020

The first version of this piece was written for the opening panel of the 2017 Conference of the Association for Feminist Ethics and Social Theory (FEAST) in Florida. The panel, “Decolonial Feminism: Theories and Praxis,” offered the opportunity for Black and Latinx feminist philosophers and decolonial scholars to consider their arrival to decolonial feminisms, their various points of emergence, and the utility of decolonial politics for liberation movements and organizing. I was prepared to discuss some genealogies of US Latina decolonial feminisms with a focus on the relationship of decolonial feminisms to other feminist articulations—for example, a consideration of the relation and divergence between decolonial and postcolonial feminism. I was particularly interested in examining some of the “decolonizing constellations of resistance and love” created by Black, Indigenous, Latinx feminisms (Simpson 2014b). I wanted to track the intergenerational labor of relationality as a part of women of color politics and to discuss how these politics unseat coloniality in its variant iterations.
Interpersonal Relationship Aspects as Perceived Risk and Social Support Factors in a Clinical Sample of Adolescents With Depression
Authors: Elsina Inese , Martinsone Baiba
Published: January 2020

The goal of this qualitative study was to explore how adolescents with diagnosed depression describe their social relationships with peers, parents and teachers. Several previous findings have revealed the dual role of interpersonal relationships — as a stressor and contributor to different mental disorders, and also as a source of social support for mental health. Previous studies confirmed the value of a qualitative approach in exploring the self-perceived experiences of adolescents. The research group consisted of 28 adolescents, aged 13–17, with a diagnosis of depression. Individual semistructured interviews (Children's Depression Rating Scale Revised; CDRS-R) were applied in this study, which were analysed using thematic analysis. The results have both scientific and practical value, as well as relevance for the development of preventive interventions targeted at well-being and mental health of adolescents.
Rivals within: political factions, loyalty, and elite competition under authoritarianism
Authors: Chen Ting , Hong Ji Yeon
Published: January 2020

Loyalty is a permanent concern to dictators. It is unclear, however, whether loyalty to a dictator assures the ruling group's cohesiveness. This study shows that authoritarian political elites under promotion pressure, while remaining loyal to their superior, also compete within factions to outrival their peers. Exploiting data on Chinese provincial leaders and local media reports on corruption investigations and industrial accidents (2000–2014), we find that Chinese elites promote negative news related to their co-faction peers as frequently as - or, depending on the measure, even more often than - they promote similar news regarding members of other factions. We also find that negative reports indeed reduce the promotion probability of reported cadres, while increasing that of reporting ones.
A Direct-Dated Ceramic AMS Sequence from the Gaspereau Lake Reservoir Site Complex, Maine–Maritimes Region, Northeastern North America
Authors: Woolsey Cora A
Published: January 2020

The Gaspereau Lake Reservoir Site Complex in Nova Scotia, Canada, yielded a large ceramic assemblage that permitted the first fine-grained analysis of ceramic change in the region at the Middle–Late Woodland Transition from ca. 1550 BP to ca. 1150 BP. The aim of this study was to refine the standard regional chronology first proposed by researchers J B Petersen and D Sanger. To do this, ceramics were directly dated using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), and the assemblage was categorized and analyzed to identify clusters of attributes. Ten AMS dates were acquired on carbonized food residue on the interiors of pottery and yielded the largest continuous ceramic sequence in the Maritime Provinces of Canada. This sequence was used to infer a change in manufacturing practices between the Middle (2150–1300 BP) and Late (1300–500 BP) Woodland periods and to propose five new subperiods between 1650 BP and 950 BP. Increasing incidence of coil breaks and temper percentage from the Middle to the Late Woodland were found to be chronologically sensitive. The analysis showed that, at Gaspereau Lake, a gradual shift from finely decorated and manufactured pottery to expediently made pottery suggests that pottery was made in larger numbers to support large-scale gatherings.