bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Implementation of Lectora Inspire Application as Interactive Learning Media on English Writing Skill for Students at SMP N 35 Medan
Authors: Sumarsih  , Lubis Safrida , Sari Asrita , Rahmadani Edi
Published: April 2021

Technology development demands the existence of innovation in education sector. Therefore, technology use has to be optimized well. The study aimed at developing Lectora Inspire application as interactive learning media on English writing skill for students and to know the application effectiveness toward students at SMP N 35 Medan. Research and Development was conducted in the study. There were some steps conducted such as, preliminary, developing, and evaluating. The subject of the study was 30 students of seventh, eighth, and ninth grade students at SMP N 35 Medan chosen randomly. The techniques of collecting data were documentation, interview and questionnaire. Furthermore, the data were analyzed by using descriptive qualitative and quantitative analysis. The result of the study showed that Lectora Inspire application was an appropriate interactive learning media on writing for students at SMP N 35 Medan. Since the interactive learning media had been validated by some experts and got the average percentage 95% categorized excellent. In addition, the result of the study showed that there was the students’ improvement on  writing skill related to genres which meant that the media was effective media in learning  writing at SMP N 35 Medan.
Educational Radio Broadcasting During the Covid 19 Lockdown: Attitudes and Challenges Faculty of Arts and Humanities Sais-Fez Students as a Case Study
Authors: Khadija Sekkal
Published: April 2021

This paper sheds light on a primeval medium of distance learning, educational radio broadcasting. It explores the attitudes of English Department students of Faculty of Arts and Humanities, Sais-Fez, Morocco, and probes its impact on them knowing that the majority of these students idealize computers and the internet as natural, necessitous components of their lives. This paper also seeks to find out the challenges that students encounter using radio broadcasts in their learning during the Covid 19 lockdown. Based on an online-questionnaire administered to 158 students, the study shows that though university students have an inextricable relationship with technology, they hold favorable attitudes towards educational radio broadcasts aired on two radio stations of Fez, namely Radio SNRT and Radio Plus. The findings also reveal that students consider radio educational broadcasts as a learning aid, but not a real substitute for in-class education, that has an effective impact on students’ learning during the Covid 19 lockdown. As for the challenges encountered by students, most of them are overcome as the audios are available on the faculty’s platform, and students can replay them any time according to their time and pace of learning.
National and Cosmopolitan Elements of Chinese Film Forever Young and Cross-Cultural Communication
Authors: Zheng Yuan , Jing Hua
Published: April 2021

As an "atypical" historical film released in recent years, the film Forever Young gives up the usual grand narrative angle and pays attention to the small potatoes. It pieces together and links the hundred-year history of China's struggle and self-improvement through a "messy" and "broken" cross-narrative method and a consistent theme of "being true to yourself”. This paper analyzes the national and cosmopolitan elements reflected in the film and explores the acceptance in both domestic and foreign markets, indicating the weakness of contemporary Chinese films in the process of cross-cultural communication. It has been found out that the elements of nationalism are mainly embodied in three aspects, hundred years historical changes of China, oriental core values and oriental implicit artistic style and that the elements of cosmopolitanism are reflected in its narrative techniques, characterization and the theme.Based on the analysis of the weakness of  this film in cross-cultural communication, this paper suggests that it should avoid dealing with sensitive topics and obscure values for better cross-cultural communication effects.
The Case of East Timor Education beyond Independence 2000-2008
Authors: Bani Bili Yunita Reny
Published: April 2021

The strong motive of East Timor government to establish a national identity through education had brought serious issues. This writing primarily discusses about the drawbacks regarding to East Timor language policy in education sector during the period of 2000 – 2008. Spolsky’s framework was employed to analyze the sociolinguistics situation, working of national/ethnic/other identity within the community, minority language rights and English role as a global language. The study was done by thorough library research in the related fields. The results show that while community language practice was ignored, the top-down language policy put more emphasis on Portuguese as the national identity language, Tetun Dili and English as the global language. As a result, the teachers and students were disadvantaged due to the inability to speak Portuguese, Tetun Dili and English. Second, the strong socio-historical context and political affinity to Portugal and its language had given little role to local languages in Mother Tongue Based-Multilingual Education.
Indonesian Dishes in the English Target Novel
Authors: Zulkifli Mahmud Erlina , Taufik Ampera  , Inu Isnaeni Sidiq
Published: April 2021

This article discusses how Indonesian dishes in an Indonesian source novel are translated into the English target novel. The ingredients of the dishes may be universal as they can be found in any other dishes all over the world but the names given to the dishes can be very unique. This uniqueness in Translation Studies may lead to a case of untranslatability as it has no direct equivalence or no one-to-one equivalence known as non-equivalence. For this non-equivalence case Baker proposes 8 translation strategies under the name of translation strategy for non-equivalence at word level used by professional translators.  What strategies are used in translating the Indonesian dishes based on Baker’s taxonomy and what semantic components are involved in the English equivalences are the objectives of this research. Using a mixed method; descriptive, contrastive, qualitative methods, the phenomena found in the source novel and in the target novel are compared, then documented into a description just the way they are, then analyzed to be identified according to the objectives of the research. The results show that not all translation strategies are used in translating the Indonesian dishes in the novel and the semantic components involved in the English equivalences are mostly ingredients then followed by process, performance, and taste.
An Evaluation of Two Parts in an ESP Textbook for Engineering Students: A Case Study of Sudan International University
Authors: Osama Mohamed Ahmed Abdulwahab Ahmed (Osama Wdidi)
Published: April 2021

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the English Language Textbook that is used for university students in a faculty of engineering. This textbook is called “SIU English Language Course ‘C’”, which is taught for engineering students in the first two semesters at Sudan International University. The main purpose of this evaluation is to analyze the textbook in order to see whether it is suitable for the engineering students. The researcher used the descriptive method in this study and used the questionnaire which is distributed for a sample taken from the students of engineering, this sample consists of (90) engineering college students. Besides, there was another questionnaire for a sample of (9) instructors who teach the same textbook. There are two aspects in the textbook that the researcher focused on to be analyzed; they are the skills and the language type. From the responses of the two questionnaires there was a common agreement from both the students and teachers was revealed and they were highly satisfied about the two aspects in the evaluated textbook. Based on the above, the findings of this study have shown that the majority of the students and instructors agreed that the skills which are used in this textbook are very satisfied and their designs suit the engineering students. On the other hand, they also agreed that textbook is quite satisfactory in terms of its language type.
Arabic-Persian Motifs of ʿUd̲h̲rī Love in the Georgian Romantic Poem of "The Man in the Panther's Skin"
Authors: Soleymanzadeh Alireza
Published: April 2021

"The Man in the Panther's Skin" is the masterpiece of Shota Rustaveli (c. 1160—after c. 1220), the greatest Georgian Christian poet, who has been translated into nearly 45 languages in the world so far. In this article we are going to study the Motifs of ʿUd̲h̲rī Love (AR: al-ḥubb al-ʿud̲h̲rī) in Rustaveli's book. The Ghazal (ode) of Ud̲h̲rī is a literary product of the Islamic-Arab community in which love derives its principles from religion of Islam and the like. In fact, during the era of the Umayyad caliphate (661-750 BCE) was born ʿUd̲h̲rī as a new kind of ode in the Arabic poetry in the Arabian Peninsula and has made its way into other lands, including Iran, and this kind of love poem penetrated through Iran into Rustavli's poetry.ʿUd̲h̲rī poem was narration of true, intense and chaste love between lover and a beloved far from sensuality, debauchery and lechery. Therefore, their lifestyles were very similar to mystic. The main purpose of this study is to find out the extent to which Rustaveli was influenced by ʿUd̲h̲rī poem. The research method in this article is to compare the specific and objective features which inferred from the Arabic-PersianʿUd̲h̲rī literature with the narrative in the Rustaveli's work. This does not mean, of course, that we will examine all the ʿUd̲h̲rī poetry works written before Rustaveli's book in the world; rather, we mean matching the specific Motifs of Arabic-Farsi works with the Rustaveli's poem. The results of this study show that there is a complete similarity between the motifs in the poems of Rustaveli's work and the motifs of the ʿUd̲h̲rī poets in all its components. This study also confirms that if we omit some details of the story in Rustaveli's book, we will find that Rustaveli was thoroughly familiar with Islamic ʿUd̲h̲rī literature and implemented it in his book "The Man in the Panther's Skin".
On the Translations of Nie Xiao Qian from the Perspective of Pragmatic Adaptation
Authors: Qingxuan Dai
Published: April 2021

Nie Xiao Qian, translated into THE MAGIC SWORD by Herbert Giles and THE MAGIC SWORD AND THE MAGIC BAG by John Minford, is one of the most famous stories in Liao Zhai Zhi Yi. Despite the fact that there are a lot of English translations for Liao Zhai Zhi Yi, few scholars have paid attention to Minford’s version and none of them have ever compared two translations from the perspective of pragmatic adaptation, more specifically, Chinese and English orientation differences. Therefore, this paper aims to introduce a new perspective for Liao Zhai Zhi Yi’s translation analysis to bridge the gap and figure out which one is more result oriented by comparing the translation of Herbert Giles and that of John Minford. Based on the theory of pragmatic adaptation, more specifically, the theory that Chinese is more process oriented and English is more result oriented, this paper analyzes some translated sentences of the two English versions, and as a result, finds that both English translations are more result oriented than its Chinese version while Herbert Giles’s version is more resulted-orientation.
A Gender-Sex System that afrocentralizes the Issue of a Traditional Female identity. The Case in Nawal El Saadawi’s Woman at Point Zero and Nuruddin Farah’s From a Crooked Rib
Authors: SÈNE Abib
Published: April 2021

This paper aims at spotlighting the process of dehumanization women are victim of in many African traditional societies. From Cairo to Mogadiscio, women are all by themselves and go through the after-effects of the social and sexual brutalities they are daily subjected to. Nawal El Saadawi and Nuruddin Farah, in Woman at Point Zero and From a Crooked Rib, have brought on surface the stark stratification organized in age-old societies to the detriment of women. Thus being, the paper analyses the physical mutilation, the sexual exploitation women suffer from both in Egypt and Somalia and the whacks they take to liberate themselves from the enslaving social cages in which they are confined. Its findings contribute in showing up the mute but decisive changes that operate among the female gentry in religions-oriented countries in Africa. It underlines as well the de-phallocratization of traditional systems that stiffen women’s strong aspirations to freedom.
The Representation(s) of Morocco in Elias Canetti’s The Voices of Marrakesh
Authors: El Filali Adil
Published: April 2021

Elias Canetti’s (2009) the Voices of Marrakesh depicts a set of cultural features about Marrakesh city, Morocco. In such travel writing text, different are the issues of representation about the country which are discursively figured in negative perspectives. Relatedly, the gaze of the Westerner theoretically and practically helps target the extent to which the Moroccan landscape and identity are constructed. At this point, debates about the nature of concepts like the ‘civilized’, the ‘primitive’, and the ‘savage’ are very common and form the intellectual background for the travel writer. The dichotomy between center and periphery is highly examined in the present article since there are images or processes of decentralizing Morocco. Following post-colonial analytical approach, the current article problematizes the way the West represents Morocco and its cultural geography. Importantly, the article focuses on Moroccan geography which is given little if not no importance pretending that it is a deserted space where the uncivilized natives dwell. It serves nothing but fear and mystery. This paper serves as a basis for the readership to understand the way Morocco is portrayed by Canetti. By representing Morocco in different images, Canetti ideologically generates a socio-cultural discourse about Arabs and about Morocco in particular. By doing so, he confirms the fact that there is no innocent text including travel narrative.
The Applicability Scope of (L1) in The Teaching-Learning of The Skills, Sub-skills and Components of (L2): The role of (L1)-translation as A Vehicle Technique to Carry Out such A Scope
Authors: Jabsheh Abd-AL-Hameed Mustafa Mahmoud
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study was twofold: First, I will identify the domains of the applicability scope of (L1) in the teaching–learning of skills, sub-skills and components of (L2).  Second, I will find out the technique employed to carry out such an applicability scope of (L1) in the teaching-learning of skills, sub-skills and components of (L2). To achieve the purpose of this study, the researcher followed an argumentative analytical methodology while digging throughout the available related literature that was presented and arranged into a relative chronological format.  Findings of this study indicate that those skills, sub-skills  and components of (L2) , which can be taught or learnt within such an applicability scope of (L1) , are surprisingly very limited and not as wide as they thought to be because they constitute only (6) out of the sum of (37) other applications of this applicability scope which were  categorized into two other domains of the (L1) applicability scope:  the first constitutes (11) domains that are indirectly related to the teaching –learning of skills, sub-skills and components of (L2), and the second domain represents the sum of (20) other applications that are remotely and barely  connected with the teaching –learning of skills, sub-skills and components of (L2). Findings of this study also indicate that (L1)-translation technique is the central, if not the lone, vehicle to be enhanced in order to implement such an applicability scope of (L1) in the teaching –learning of skills, sub-skills and components of (L2); in addition, this study concluded that (L1)-translation is practically enhanced as a method of assessment and testing to evaluate students or learners' achievement in (L2). As a result, this study came out with various related recommendations.
Inflectional Forms of Tense in Lutsotso
Authors: Odera Hellen , Barasa David , Alati Atichi
Published: April 2021

Lutsotso verbs consist of more than one morpheme expressing a particular grammatical meaning. The various morphological affixes attached to the verb indicate agreement, tense, aspect and voice. Tense and aspect morphemes in Lutsotso follow the same order for all types of verb constructions. Although tense and aspect in Lutsotso are deeply intertwined, this paper focuses on tense only. The Lutsotso tense is divided into the present, past and the future. The past and the future are distributed in four degrees as follows: remote, intermediate, near and immediate. Since the verb is the unit of analysis in this paper, we first describe the basic verb form in Lutsotso. This will entail the verb root and other crucial aspects such as the final vowel and the infinitive form that influence it. We also give agreement in the feature, person, number, subject verb markers and object markers. Finally, tense forms in Lutsotso will be discussed beginning with the present, followed by the past and the future.
Multimodal Stylistics in Graphic Novel: Understanding the Visual Language Syntax in Art Spiegelman’s Maus
Authors: Rajkhowa Baishalee
Published: April 2021

Maus (2003) by Art Spiegelman is a graphic novel of unfolding his father, Vladek's, World War II ordeal and how he survived the holocaust. It is a gripping story of Spiegelman's own parents' experience in Poland during 1930s when Nazis invaded and persecuted the Jews. With a broken language, gaps in communication and visual strategy, Maus takes the readers across Europe unravelling the experiences of World War II and the Nazi Concentration camps. The characters are depicted as anthromorphic animals; the Nazis as cats, the Jews as mice and the Polish as pigs. It can be named as an autobiography or a memoir featuring a metareferential frame story with an author as narrator (Art) who tells his father (Vladek) that he wishes to write a comic book and so incited him to tell about " his life in Poland and the war" (Spiegelman, 2003). A graphic novel is written in a comic strip format which uses a combination of text and illustration in order to tell a story. The linguistic elements in a graphic narration are important as words and images cannot be analysed in similar terms. Multimodal stylistics represents this in the light of lexical and grammatical aspects of the verbal language. Maus (2003) represents a story of the holocaust and the traumatic experiences of Vladek.  It is a heteroglossic text with the presence of foreign languages and an authorial voice. The novel not only gives a different meaning but also an altogether different perspective to the verbal and visual significance.
A Good Computer-assisted Translation Tool Wordfast for PPT Translation
Authors: Jie Yuan
Published: April 2021

As China develops very fast, it becomes an attractive market for foreign enterprises. A large number of documents such as technical instructions, product manuals, company websites need to be translated. High-equality translations are needed. Computer-aided translation is on the rise since it can improve translation quality and efficiency. Wordfast Pro as the second most widely used CAT tools after SDL Trados gets little attention for translators in China. After comparing some features of three computer-assisted translation tool: wordfast, SDL Trados and Memsource, it is found that Wordfast is easier to handle for PPT translations from English to Chinese. This paper will illustrate the translation procedures, problems and some recommendations using Wordfast. Through analysis of empirical studies of some instruction translation of PPT files, the author has proved the advantages of wordfast in dealing with PPT file in terms of interface, terminology management, translation omissions and network dependency. After reviewing the translation procedures and problems, it will facilitate those translators who intend to start using Wordfast and know more about it and speed up the translators’ work. Based on the current user experience, some recommendations for the software developers are also put forward which is of practical significance to improve the quality of CAT software. The suggestions for communication between clients and translators can improve the efficiency and make both sides feel satisfied.
So Manga Pananaroon Sa Ranaw: Reflections of Meranaw Culture and Worldview
Authors: Bantog Mohammad Abdul Hamid , Sarip-Macarambon Hasmina
Published: April 2021

This study was undertaken to analyze the Meranaw pananaroon and discover, through the signs incorporated in them, what they express and reveal of the Meranaw people’s worldview, culture, and character. Sample pananaroons were classified and described according to context in the culture, that is, situations for which they are designed or meant to be used, based on appropriateness or fittingness and relevance. They were next subjected to semiotic and intertextual analysis, with cultural semiotics as the approach, focusing on how the signs are utilized for meaning-making, and what these reveal of the Meranaws as individuals and as a socio-cultural group. Focal concerns in the study were the Meranaw worldview, culture, and character. The study established that the pananaroon, the Meranaw word for the English proverb, adage, aphorism, and other gnomic sayings or utterances and homespun generalizations about life, are employed not only for rhetoric but purposes such as emphasis on a central message, conveyance of indirection and subtlety to avoid offense, allusion, self-deprecation or show of humility/self-effacement, irony, scorn (kapangilat), overstatement (hyperbole) and understatement. From the analyses of select pananaroon, through the lenses of the natural and cultural signs that conveyed them, the foundational ideals and overarching worldview that Meranaws value regardless of context and situation were also drawn: patience and prudence, avoidance of acting or deciding on impulse; belief in calculated boldness and arduous journeys; finding procrastination or vacillation as a fault; allowance and forgiveness for falling short of one’s expectations; humility; awareness of one’s station, revealing an ingrained and internalized class system; sensitivity, and; an overarching wish for clearness, harmony, order and peace (rinaw) in all things. The depths that the results this study reached not only strengthens semiotic analysis as a viable approach to proverb and linguistic/folklore studies, but also opens up new avenues or paths for fresh inquiry on Meranaw pananaroon, oral tradition, and folklore, and culture in general.
Sexual Politics in Fiksimini: Analysis of Feminist Critical Discourse
Authors: Vika Sari Arini , Wiyatmi Wiyatmi
Published: April 2021

This study aims to describe the sexual politics in fiksimini by using feminist critical discourse analysis. This research is a qualitative descriptive study that uses @fiksimini account during January-February 2020 on Twitter as the data source. The research data used is sexual politics discourse contained in literary worksfiksimini which has a total of 267 data with 44 topicsfiksimini. Data collection techniques are conducted by reading and recorded in the data cards. The data collection instrument was the researcher himself (human instrument) using Kate Millett's sexual politics parameters. Data analysis technique in this study used semantic and pragmatic equivalents in analyzing work fiksimini containing sexual politics in fiksimini. The data analysis stage is carried out by the work step of literature research, namely studying libraries related to research objects by reading, taking notes, and interpreting references related to research objects. The results showed that there are six forms of sexual politics contained in fiksimini, namely: sexual slavery, women's domestic work, control of women, abuse of sexuality, rape, projecting women and negotiations conducted by female characters in the story. Sexual politics contained in fiksimini is 80% written by male writers who recount the power of patriarchy. The ideology seen from writing about sexual politics shows that writers use male and female characters emerging from social classes, institutions of marriage, and free sex. The female characters narrated by the fiksimini writers still place women as inferior beings who are in the power of superior patriarchy.
A Study of Vocabulary Learning Strategies in EFL Reading of High, Middle and Low Vocabulary Achievers of Thai Tertiary Students
Authors: Srimanee Jarinya , Ruangnoi Kritchada , Abidin Mohamad Jafre Bin Zainol
Published: April 2021

This research investigated vocabulary acquisition (VA) and vocabulary learning strategies (VLS) use of Thai EFL graduates of a government university in southern Thailand through English narrative readings that inserted fifteen target words into each reading text.  The main purpose of the reading treatment was reading comprehension skills. The study also examined implications for EFL vocabulary learning and teaching in Thai context. The sample of fifteen Thai EFL graduates was selected from one group of 40 first year students majoring in Accountancy from a southern Thailand government university.  Data were collected using a semi-structured interview. The interview session was used to elicit information about their VLS use and vocabulary learning experiences. The interview forms after the reading treatment provided a greater insight into the interviewing process behind the participants’ VLS selection and showed how they deduced word meanings of unfamiliar English vocabulary in the narrative reading tasks. Research findings showed that Thai EFL learners in this study apparently show a greater preference for the translation, metacognitive regulation, memory and cognitive strategies than for the determination, metacognitive and social strategies. The findings demonstrate the indirect influence of learners’ previous English vocabulary learning on their English language skill development. In addition, this study suggests a close link between vocabulary learning strategy selection, vocabulary knowledge and language skill development in EFL context, especially southern Thailand.
Translation Strategies of Idiomatic Expressions in The Novel Edensor
Authors: Premasari Alfiana Asti , Widodo Pratomo
Published: April 2021

The objective of this research is to investigate (describe) the strategies in translating idiomatic expressions in the Novel Edensor and the problems on the translation process. As a result, the similarities of the idioms of the source text and the target text were found. Besides, this study was aimed at improving the knowledge about idiom varieties between the source text and target text. This is a qualitative study. It is a hermeneutic study that is an approach which concerns with social issues on written words. The non-participant observation was the technique to collect data. The technique for analyzing the data was translational identity method and the referential identity method.  It was also the technique to measure the validity and reliability of the data. The data were identified, classified, and categorized based on the types of idioms and the translation techniques. The findings were 120 expressions identified in the novel, however, the translator found 25% of expressions, and 75% of them were translated, with five translation procedures: similar meaning and dissimilar form was the procedure that mostly applied in the novel of 47.25%, dissimilar meaning and the similar form of 35.16%, and 13.18% of paraphrasing technique 3.29% was of omission, and 1.09% of borrowing. The procedure that was implemented gave an impact on the type of idioms. The specific procedures were applied to keep the originality of the source text information and the credibility of the translator. The translation strategy was communicative. It was supported by rearrangement in some chapters and topics.
The Impact of Translation Technique on Translation Quality of Metaphor of Modality in Novel “Anne of Green Gables”
Authors: Poyungi Yurike Suhertian , M.R. Nababan  , Santosa Riyadi
Published: April 2021

This study aims to identify the impact of translation techniques on translation quality in the novel “Anne of Green Gables.” It is a qualitative research-oriented translation study. The data were collected by content analysis and focus group discussion. The result of this research shows that there are seven translation techniques used to translate the metaphor of modality; they are established equivalence, modulation, deletion, paraphrase, compensation, implicitation and discursive creation. In addition, the translation techniques that contributed positively to the translation quality are established equivalence, compensation, modulation and implicitation. Meanwhile, paraphrase, deletion and discursive creation decreased the translation quality in accuracy, acceptability and readability aspects.
Teachers’ Perceptions of Gender Inclusive Language in the Classroom
Authors: VIZCARRA-GARCIA JAMAICA
Published: April 2021

There is a meager investigation of teachers’ views about gender-inclusive language. Considering this gap in the body of knowledge, this qualitative study sought to investigate the collective perception of higher education teachers particularly those in the teacher education program on the adoption of gender inclusive language in the classroom. Nine teachers participated in a semi-structured interview, which was recorded, transcribed and analyzed. Two themes emerged particularly (1) Communicating Instruction through Unbiased Parlance and (2) Favoring the Adoption of Gender Inclusive Language. Overall, the teachers showed an adequate understanding of gender inclusive language and unanimous support to its adoption inside the classroom as strengthened by their belief that it will promote gender equality and sensitivity among their students. Moreover, it will establish a sense of inclusivity thereby increasing student participation. Lastly, the participants believed that gender inclusive language is an evident trend in education that they cannot overlook. Hence, it is one of their responsibilities to adopt and integrate it into instruction.
Customization and Contextual Teaching Approach Efficiency in Promoting English Proficiency among Saudi EFL Learners
Authors: Elandeef Elsadig Ali Elsadig , Ayman Hamad Elneil Hamdan Ayman Hamad Elneil Hamdan
Published: April 2021

This study investigated the proper implementation of customization and contextual teaching approach in fostering English proficiency among King Khalid University’s students studying English as an intensive course. The study aims to implement customization and contextual teaching approach in teaching the English language as an intensive course at King Khalid University and inculcate the tendency to activate updated teaching approaches to assimilate Saudi learners’ attention in English class. To achieve the aim of the study, the researcher employed the descriptive analytic method. The subjects of the study consisted of 50 EFL teachers drawn from King Khalid University. The study showed that customization and contextual teaching approach grasp Saudi students’ attention, satisfy their needs and preferences, and consider their learning styles.  Moreover, the study has concluded that the students’ needs, preferences, and learning styles are the milestone of the learning process's success. The study concluded that consideration of students’ needs, preferences, learning styles and correlating them to social life setting play a crucial role in facilitating learning the English language.
Religious Binomials in Hebrew and Arabic: A Review of Literature
Authors: Al-otaibi Ghuzayyil
Published: April 2021

Binomials (i.e., a collocation of two connected words belonging to the same word class, e.g., heaven and earth) are very frequent in every language. They are more commonly found in religious texts of Semitic languages. Compared to other types of collocations, religious binomials are sometimes idiomatic, alliterative, culture-specific, or adhere to one common word order.  However, compared to the dearth of studies on religious binomials in Hebrew, there is only one study on religious Arabic binomials used in a supplication. Studies on Hebrew focused on the constraints determining the order of binomial words, their semantic and grammatical categorization, how frequent they are, their functions, etc. Corpus-based studies on Semitic binomials were conducted for the purpose of proving that Semitic languages are similar.  Nevertheless, there are no studies that explored religious binomials in Arabic in relation to those used in Hebrew.  Thus, it might be insightful if future research on binomials focusses on religious ones in the Holy Qurʾān and Ḥadīth.
The Relationship between Self-esteem and Reading Motivation: Moroccan EFL University Students as a Case Study
Authors: Bouih Abdelouahed , Benattabou Driss
Published: April 2021

This study aims primarily to investigate the relationship between Self-esteem (SE) and Reading Motivation (RM) among EFL university students in Morocco. Another aim of this research is to examine the role of gender in shaping this relationship. A questionnaire on SE, RM and socio-biographical data was completed by one hundred and eighty (N = 180) participants of undergraduate and graduate levels. Bivariate statistical analyses showed low significant correlational results using standardized summed scores of SE and RM. Moderately significant results have been observed based on SE and RM factors extracted using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) after both constructs were shown to have acceptable internal consistency. Using structural equation modeling (SEM), we evaluated a direct effect measurement model to investigate the unidirectional impact of SE on RM and its concordance with the structural model. Corresponding results revealed acceptable goodness-of-fit indexes indicating the validity of the structural model and demonstrating a positive effect of SE on RM. The examination of gender-based scores showed that there was no significant difference between males and females both in SE and RM.
The Effect of Using Authentic Texts on Iranian EFL Learners' Incidental Vocabulary Learning: The Case of English Newspaper
Authors: Shakibaei Goodarz , Shahamat Fatemeh , Namaziandost Ehsan
Published: April 2021

This study intended to investigate the effect of using authentic texts on Iranian EFL learners' incidental vocabulary learning. To this end, a population of 52 Iranian female EFL learners aged 15 to 17 was selected. They were two intact classes; experimental group (25 students) and control group (27 students). Both groups received a pretest at the first session. Regarding the treatment, the authentic reading texts selected from World News for students of English, Level1 was taught to the experimental group while the texts selected from book 1 was taught to the control group. After a month post-test were run among all of the participants in both control and experimental groups to find out the possible effects of the treatment on the participants' vocabulary improvement. The analysis of data paired samples t-test and independent samples t-test showed that there was a significant difference between the post-tests of experimental and control groups. The experimental group outperformed the control group on the post-test.
Exploring Wordless Feedback Mechanisms in an EAP course in an English-medium University: An Ethnographically-oriented Approach
Authors: Akoto Osei Yaw , Amoakohene Benjamin
Published: April 2021

Feedback is considered an integral part of the writing process. It has thus engendered the attention of scholars in discourse analysis, applied linguistics, language education, composition and rhetoric studies, and English for Specific Purposes. This attention, however, is heavily tilted towards worded feedback, at the expense of wordless feedback. Thus, this study explored the use of wordless feedback mechanisms in an EAP course in an English-medium university in Ghana. Thousand eight hundred and ninety-nine scripts of students’ essays, and interviews with academics and students constituted the datasets for the study. By doing a qualitative content analysis, we extracted wordless feedback codes from the scripts.  The study yielded that teachers used tick, ring, vertical lines, arrows, question marks, carets, and underline as feedback mechanisms. The responses from the teachers and students on the use of these codes indicated that there were variations at three levels: inter-teacher, inter-student and teacher-student, which resulted to miscommunication in the feedback system. The study calls for a standardized feedback code, and education of teachers and students on this system of feedback for effective teaching and learning.
Wikis in Language Learning: Merits and Limitations
Authors: Alharbi Abeer Shujaa
Published: April 2021

This study comprehensively reviews the literature associated with the implementation of wikis in an educational context, primarily concerning learning and teaching languages. The study proceeds by presenting wikis and their main theoretical background in a brief overview. After that, a discussion of the most recent empirical studies is presented, followed by an exploration of the merits and the limitations of using wikis in an educational setting. The paper concludes that wikis have a positive impact when it comes to improving learners’ knowledge of various aspects of language, enhancing their autonomy, learning perceptions, and motivation to learn. As a beneficial digital tool, wikis can effectively improve students’ language learning, which is achieved via critical thinking, negotiation of meaning, and collaborative learning, to name a few aspects. Having said this, limitations exist, all of which should be taken seriously by both administrators and teachers alike to maximise wikis’ benefits. Yet, it is increasingly evident that, in this context, wikis’ positives far outweigh their minuses. A number of practical recommendations are offered at the end of this paper to guide teachers, educators, and researchers.
The Dynamics of Language Shift in Kazakhstan: Review Article
Authors: Terlikbayeva Nurgul , Menlibekova Gulbakhyt
Published: April 2021

In the 90s, language planning in Kazakhstan was hindered because people of other ethnic groups outnumbered Kazakhs. Russian has long been designated as the language of inter-ethnic communication and its status is officially on a par with the state language, Kazakh. The leadership in Kazakhstan avoided taking 'extreme' positions as the stability in the country was at stake, so in order to preserve political stability in the country, the language shift towards Kazakh was delayed. Now in modern Kazakhstan, the number of ethnic Kazakhs has increased which has resulted in positive, albeit slight changes in favour of the Kazakh language. The primary purpose of this review article is to understand the reasons for the slow dynamics of language shift in Kazakhstan. Analysis of the literature and theoretical frameworks by Ruiz and Sonntag and Cardinal sheds light on the dynamics of this shift. One of the contributing factors to its slow dynamics has been the government’s support for the bilingual later multilingual language regime. Language planning in Kazakhstan implicitly promotes economic planning. Russian, and more recently English have been favoured as more suitable for human development in Kazakhstan. Another factor associated with the slow dynamics of the language shift is a language's prestige and value. Kazakh is not associated with social success and as such, it remains less prestigious compared to Russian. Based on the evidence, this paper concludes that Kazakhstan is still linguistically dependent on the past state traditions despite being politically independent today. Russian, seen as a language of international communication, in truth, remains intra-national in Kazakhstan.
A Study on the New Compilation of College English Learning Materials Based on Big Data in China
Authors: Feng Mao , Quan Li , Biyu Wu
Published: April 2021

This paper finds that there are six problems in the compilation. Because of the complexity of teaching and learning materials and the dynamic progress of language learning, the nature of English teaching and learning materials is bound to turn from a learning tool to learning resources. Thus, this research, from the perspective of Complex Dynamic System Theory, attempts to develop big data-based College English learning materials with digital, individual and multi-dimensional characteristics by three paths: the establishment of big data-based English learning behaviors index system, the development of big data-based College English learning materials and the application of big data-based College English learning materials. This paper will explore a new way of developing China’s College English learning materials and improving and optimising the compilation and development of College English learning materials in China.
Work Immersion Program for Senior High School in the Division of Pasay: Basis for an Intervention Plan
Authors: Catelo Sean A.
Published: April 2021

The researcher proposed intervention plan that will provide specific program that will address the problems in Work Immersion Delivery Model and to improve and provide step by step procedure to fill the needs found on the assessment of the work immersion program. It is in this context, the researcher assessed the work immersion program with corresponding variables and proposed intervention program that aims to cater teacher, industry partners and students in the Division of Pasay City to enhanced the better implementation of the work immersion program.
EFL Writing Instruction Research in Morocco: A Historical Overview
Authors: RAKRAK Mustapha
Published: April 2021

This paper is an attempt to trace and discuss how writing instruction research has evolved in the Moroccan EFL context over years. It also seeks to show that most EFL scholars were reactive and not proactive in dealing with this skill; they carried out their studies in response to the composing problems Moroccan EFL learners, at the secondary school or university level, face. The ultimate goal has always been the attainment of a research and evidence-based methodology that would render the writing skill accessible and learnable for most learners. Different writing-related topics have been studied thoroughly. But this paper is limited to the salient issues that Moroccan researchers have placed a premium on such as feedback, methodology, scoring and errors. Finally, the paper concludes with the allusion to some defective aspects of these studies and suggests other EFL writing trajectories for scholars to consider in future studies.
The Attitude of Indonesian Learners in Tertiary Level toward Spoken English and its Learning
Authors: Ammang Latifa
Published: April 2021

The aims of this study were to discover if the learners of English of UM English Education Department of UM Parepare experience problems in speaking English and if so, why, and what type of attitudes they have towards accents and how these attitudes influence their English speech. This study is a qualitative phenomenological research based on the linguistic phenomenon among Indonesian English learners derived from their learning experiences. The phenomenon in question shows that most Indonesian learners have learned English for 6+ years but still unable to communicate. Most of those learners complained about the ‘obsolete’ method of teaching which has been too focused on grammatical learning and fewer interests on the practical use of English itself. The data was taken from document reviews, in-depth interviews, and direct observation given to the importance of spoken English learning attitude. The findings obtained through interview and question on three level of scholars (fresh year students, sophomores and more senior students, and alumnus). The result of this study showed that most of students get difficult to speak English because of avoiding mistakes and error. This attitude of making mistake was derived from the social pressure situation in pronouncing their accent through the English words. Another finding is, there are many of students have some negative attitudes towards the Indonesian accent in pronouncing English words.
Hemangioma of Lower Lip - A Case Report
Authors: Jailani Muhammad
Published: April 2021

Hemangioma is an endothelial tumor that most commonly found in infants and children. Most hemangiomas arise during birth or shortly after birth and proliferate during the first 18 months and then disappear spontaneously at the age of 5-10 years. The most complaints of patients with a hemangioma are the psychosocial problems, which are conditions that can affect the appearance and invite the attention of people around them. Some hemangiomas still require therapy, namely if the size and growth result in severe deformities, or if it interferes with vital functions, such as breathing, vision, hearing and digestion. Therapy depends on the size, location, and clinical stage. In this paper, we report an enormous hemangioma case involving the lower lip in male patients aged 45 years who has acquired wide excision (Cheiloplasty reduction).
Acute Toxicity Evaluation of the Malagasy Endemic Aloe helenae and A. analavelonensis in Mice
Authors: Letsara Rokiman , Andrianantenaina Rigobert , Ashande Colette Masengo , Mawi Clarisse Falanga , Saragih M. Yoserizal , Ngbolua Koto-te-Nyiwa , Rahelivololoniaina Baholy Robijaona
Published: April 2021

The therapeutic virtues of medicinal plants are known and used in Africa and in Madagascar where natural products form the basis of Traditional Medicine. More than 300 million people worldwide consume dietary supplements and herbal plants. Scientific studies confirm that Aloes contains pharmacologically active ingredients associated with diverse biological activities including fungicidal, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, laxative, immunomodulating, and anticancer effects. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of orally administered extracts of two Aloe species: A. helenae, A. analavelonensis on mice. Mice were gavaged with crude whole leaves extracts after 24 hours of empty stomach. The extracts administration was found to be not acute toxic at the dose 1200 mg/kg with 100% survival of mice. Since the Aloe helenae is traditionally used against intestinal worms in sheep and goats, it is thus desirable that the plant species could be submitted to phytochemical for the isolation and characterization of new antihelminthic compounds.