bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Proficiency of ChatGPT 3.5, 4, and 4 with Vision in the Chile Medical Licensing Exam (Preprint)
Authors: Rojas Marcos , Rojas Marcelo , Burgess Valentina , Toro Javier , Salehi Shima
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

The deployment of OpenAI's ChatGPT 3.5 and its subsequent versions, ChatGPT 4 and 4 with Vision (4V), has notably influenced the medical field. Demonstrating remarkable performance in medical exams globally, these models show potential for educational applications. However, their effectiveness in non-English contexts, particularly in Chile's Medical Licensing Exam, a critical step for medical practitioners in Chile, is less explored. This gap highlights the need to evaluate ChatGPT's adaptability to diverse linguistic and cultural scenarios.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to evaluate the proficiency of ChatGPT versions 3.5, 4, and 4V in answering EUNACOM (Examen Único Nacional de Conocimientos de Medicina), a major medical examination in Chile, format questions.

METHODS

Three official drills from the University of Chile, mirroring the EUNACOM exam structure and difficulty, were used to test ChatGPT versions 3.5, 4, and 4V. The three ChatGPT versions underwent three rounds of answering each drill. Responses to questions during each round were systematically categorized and analyzed to assess the accuracy rate of the responses.

RESULTS

All versions of ChatGPT successfully passed EUNACOM-style exams, with version 4 outperforming 3.5 and 4V. A detailed analysis revealed a higher accuracy rate in questions related to Surgery and Psychiatry for all versions, while performance dipped in the areas of Internal Medicine and Public Health. Version 4V didn't demonstrate a better performance compared to the two other versions, despite access to figures of the questions.

CONCLUSIONS

The study reveals ChatGPT's ability to pass the EUNACOM test, with distinct proficiencies across versions 3.5, 4, and 4V. Notably, advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) don't significantly enhance image-based question performance. The variations in proficiency across medical fields suggest the need for more nuanced AI training. While AI shows promise in medical education, its limitations in depth and variability of expertise highlight the necessity for medical curricula to focus on critical thinking and reflective practices, ensuring the effective integration of AI in patient-centered care.
Indonesian Society’s Sentiment Analysis Against the COVID-19 Booster Vaccine
Authors: Dionisia Bhisetya Rarasati  , Angelina Pramana Thenata  , Afiyah Salsabila Arief
Published: December 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic is still occurring in various countries, including Indonesia. This pandemic is caused by the coronavirus, which has mutated into multiple virus variants, such as Delta and Omicron. As of 9 February 2022, 4,626,936 people were confirmed positive for COVID-19 in Indonesia. This number continues to rise. The Indonesian government has prevented the spread of these virus variants by introducing booster vaccines to the public. However, this vaccination program has caused various sentiments among Indonesians. To optimize efforts to combat COVID-19, the government needs to know these sentiments immediately. Based on these problems, the researcher proposes the application of machine learning technology to develop a system that can analyze the sentiments of the Indonesians toward the booster vaccine. This research has several stages: data collection, data labeling, text preprocessing, feature extraction, and application of the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm using various kernels, namely the linear kernel, Gaussian radial basis function (RBF) kernel, and polynomial kernel. Furthermore, the results of the system were tested for accuracy using a 10-fold cross validation and confusion matrix. The dataset used was 681 tweets with the hashtag “vaksinbooster.” The dataset consists of two classes: negative (0) and positive (1). The results showed that the data were positive for the booster vaccine, as evidenced by the higher number of positive tweets, with 554 data, compared to 127 negative tweets. In addition, the dataset was divided into training data of 545 and testing data of 136. In addition, the test results of this study revealed that the SVM algorithm with the polynomial kernel, which was evaluated with 10-fold cross validation, yielded the highest level of accuracy, namely 79.22%.
Perbaikan Keandalan PLTU Tembilahan dengan Penambahan Kapasitas Pembangkit
Authors: Fadhil M Hanafi  , Dian Yayan Sukma
Published: December 2023

Untuk memastikan keandalan sistem pembangkit yang baik, adanya unit pembangkit yang beroperasi atau cadangan daya yang memadai di sistem pembangkit sangatlah penting. Ketersediaan cadangan daya pada sistem ini bergantung pada berbagai faktor, termasuk frekuensi gangguan pada unit-unit pembangkit dan kapasitas puncak yang dibutuhkan oleh sistem. Salah satu contoh sistem pembangkit adalah pembangkit listrik tenaga uap (PLTU) Tembilahan, yang memiliki kapasitas 2 × 7 MW dan melayani beban puncak sebesar 14,31 MW pada periode tahun 2019-2022. Namun, pada periode tahun itu, tingkat keandalan sistem pembangkit, yang diukur dengan indeks loss of load expectation (LOLE), hanya mencapai 33 hari/tahun, jauh di bawah standar Rencana Usaha Penyediaan Tenaga Listrik (RUPTL) PT PLN 2021-2030 yang mencapai 1 hari/tahun. Untuk memperbaiki tingkat keandalan sistem pembangkit PLTU Tembilahan pada tahun 2027, diperlukan analisis untuk mempertimbangkan masa pengadaan pembangkit dan ketersediaan lahan pada sistem tersebut. Analisis ini melibatkan penggunaan metode recursive convolution untuk menghitung indeks lost of load probability (LOLP)/loss of load expectation (LOLE) dan metode regresi linear sederhana untuk memperkirakan beban puncak pada tahun tersebut. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, ditemukan bahwa penambahan tiga unit pembangkit sebesar 7 MW dapat meningkatkan keandalan sistem pembangkit. Luas area yang dibutuhkan untuk unit-unit tambahan ini adalah 2.030,91 m2 dan lahan yang tersedia masih mencukupi. Setelah perbaikan dilakukan, indeks keandalan LOLE sistem pembangkit meningkat menjadi 0,078 hari/tahun untuk tahun 2027, yang memenuhi standar tingkat keandalan pembangkit berdasarkan RUPTL PT PLN 2021-2030.
Reflection and Exploration of Ideological and Political Education in the Curriculum—A Case Study of the University in Shijiazhuang City
Authors: Lu Yang
Published: December 2023

In the context of the new era, higher education is not just about imparting knowledge, but also about cultivating students’ ideological and moral qualities and humanistic spirit. Therefore, ideological and political education integrated into all courses has become an important component of higher education. The construction of curriculum ideological and political education has gradually become a new exploration and challenge for ideological and political education in universities. Curriculum ideological and political education is a comprehensive educational philosophy, which includes the purpose of fostering virtue through education, the practice subject being all teachers, relying on courses, and combining explicit and implicit education. Its characteristics include the humanistic teaching philosophy, the integration between courses, the potential influence of methods, and the permanence of influence. The aim is to integrate ideological and political education into all types of courses, imperceptibly influencing students’ ideological consciousness and behavior, and taking morality education as the fundamental task of education. Strengthening the construction of curriculum ideological and political education is conducive to improving the effectiveness and quality of ideological and political education in universities, cultivating new-era youth with ideals, who dare to take responsibility, can endure hardships, and work hard. The practical path of “curriculum ideological and political education” from the perspective of cultivating students’ moral character and enhancing their ideological awareness is to start from the teaching philosophy and teaching content design to improve educational quality, improve the assessment and evaluation system of curriculum ideological and political education construction, strengthen campus cultural environment construction such as optimizing campus environment, improving classroom teaching environment, providing modern learning support services.
Entre el miedo y la xenofobia: política migratoria, vulnerabilidad social y emergencia de un Estado penal en Chile (2018-2023)
Authors: Gissi Nicolás , Aguilar Hedilberto
Published: December 2023

A través del análisis de los temores de la sociedad chilena asociados con la seguridad pública y el crimen, el propósito de este artículo es contribuir a la generación de conocimiento y a la discusión pública respecto a la reciente conducción del Estado chileno en torno a un emergente Estado penal que parece dirigirse a castigar la inmigración procedente de América Latina y el Caribe, particularmente venezolana, haitiana y colombiana, debido a la presión política, social y mediática que criminaliza a los migrantes en condición irregular. Para ello, revisamos la actuación del Estado —liderado por un gobierno de centroizquierda durante el último año y medio—, a la par de los sucesos sociales más representativos en los medios masivos tanto en relación con la migración y la delincuencia, como con la población chilena en riesgo social, en el contexto del aumento de la xenofobia y de una nueva ley y política migratoria, que se presentan más bien próximas a un modelo securitista.
Ultrasonic Thread Surface Inspection of Railroad Car Wheels and Locomotive Tires Using Rayleigh Waves
Authors: Platunov A. V. , Muravev V. V. , Muraveva O. V.
Published: December 2023

Ultrasonic surface inspection of cylindrical objects using the Rayleigh wave echo method has many advantages. Despite strict requirements for surface cleaning, the method is widely implemented in industries and transport, for example on the all-rolled wheel thread or tires of railroad rolling stock. Taking into account the ability of the Rayleigh wave transducer to receive waves with a side ('back') lobe of the ray diagram, the influence of possible contamination or excess of contact fluid on the input surface on the control results, it becomes particularly difficult to explain the position and amplitude of the signal. Using mathematical modeling and experimental studies, the ray diagrams of Rayleigh wave piezoelectric transducers with the 'back lobe' characteristic of piezoelectric transducers of this type were obtained. The efficiency of emission and (or) receiving depends on the parameters of control and apparatus; this effect is more evident if the width of the transducer piezoelement deviates (e.g., during fabrication) and the frequency varies within 20 %, allowed by GOST R 55724-2013. The acoustic path of the Rayleigh wave reflected from the flaw with a diameter of 7 mm on the wheel thread is experimentally constructed and tested on the model. It is shown that the amplitude of the echo-signal changes nonuniformly, the local maxima obtained experimentally reach 9 dB relative to the exponential relation characteristic of propagation over a boundless surface. The reason for such phenomena lies in multiple re-reflections of waves from the boundaries on the tread surface of railway wagon wheels and locomotive tires (rim chamfer, ridge to ridge transition) and their further interference.
Entanglement-efficient bipartite-distributed quantum computing
Authors: Wu Jun-Yi , Matsui Kosuke , Forrer Tim , Soeda Akihito , Andrés-Martínez Pablo , Mills Daniel , Henaut Luciana , Murao Mio
Published: December 2023

In noisy intermediate-scale quantum computing, the limited scalability of a single quantum processing unit (QPU) can be extended through distributed quantum computing (DQC), in which one can implement global operations over two QPUs by entanglement-assisted local operations and classical communication. To facilitate this type of DQC in experiments, we need an entanglement-efficient protocol. To this end, we extend the protocol in [Eisert et. al., PRA, 62:052317(2000)] implementing each nonlocal controlled-unitary gate locally with one maximally entangled pair to a packing protocol, which can pack multiple nonlocal controlled-unitary gates locally using one maximally entangled pair. In particular, two types of packing processes are introduced as the building blocks, namely the distributing processes and embedding processes. Each distributing process distributes corresponding gates locally with one entangled pair. The efficiency of entanglement is then enhanced by embedding processes, which merge two non-sequential distributing processes and hence save the entanglement cost. We show that the structure of distributability and embeddability of a quantum circuit can be fully represented by the corresponding packing graphs and conflict graphs. Based on these graphs, we derive heuristic algorithms for finding an entanglement-efficient packing of distributing processes for a given quantum circuit to be implemented by two parties. These algorithms can determine the required number of local auxiliary qubits in the DQC. We apply these algorithms for bipartite DQC of unitary coupled-cluster circuits and find a significant reduction of entanglement cost through embeddings. This method can determine a constructive upper bound on the entanglement cost for the DQC of quantum circuits.
Realistic Mathematics Engineering for improving elementary school students’ mathematical literacy
Authors: Nurmasari Linda , Budiyono  , Nurkamto Joko , Ramli Murni
Published: December 2023

Mastery of mathematical literacy is essential for developing life skills in the 21st century. Mathematical literacy is even more critical in elementary schools as it forms the basis for mastery at the junior and senior high school levels. Elementary school students differ in their characteristics from students at the higher education level. They, therefore, require an appropriate learning model to improve their mathematical literacy. This research aims to develop a learning model, termed Realistic Mathematics Engineering (RMEng), that combines the Realistic Mathematics Education approach with the steps of the Engineering Design Process and determines the model’s effectiveness. The model was validated by seven experts from three universities in Indonesia and had an Aiken validity index value of 0.786, indicating that it was valid. The RMEng model contains the following steps: understanding realistic problems, solving problems in informal ways, developing formal mathematics, developing products, and drilling. Discussions and presentations can be incorporated into each of these five steps. The RMEng model was subjected to the stages of preliminary and main field testing and was revised based on the suggestions of teachers and observers. Through experimental research compared to a control group, the RMEng model was proven more effective in increasing elementary school students’ mathematical literacy at the 0.000 significance level.
The Judges’ Legal Consideration on Divorce of Nushūz Cases at the Kupang High Religious Court: Gender Perspective
Authors: Fitriyani Fitriyani , Saepuddin Jahar Asep , Subhan Zaitunah , Rosdiana Rosdiana
Published: December 2023

The gender sensitivity of judges towards women in court is crucial to ensure that judgments provide a sense of justice and accommodate the rights of wives after divorce. This article aims to analyze judges' considerations from philosophical, juridical, and sociological aspects in divorce judgments due to nushūz (disobedience) from a gender perspective, addressing two main questions: 1) how judges use a gender perspective in deciding divorce cases due to nushūz, and 2) what factors influence judges' decisions in divorce cases due to nushūz from a gender perspective. This research employs qualitative research methods, which is a case study design, with juridical and gender approaches. The primary data source is derived from the rulings of the Religious High Court of Kupang No. 009/Pdt.G/2015/PTA.Kp obtained from the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia's website, and judge interviews as supporting data, which were analyzed using content analysis. The research findings indicate that from a gender perspective, judges exhibit gender bias in categorizing nushūz as if nushūz can only be committed by wives, whereas nushūz can be committed by both husbands and wives. Judges' interpretations of nushūz are still influenced by the content of the law, the culture of the law, and its structure of the law. This study implies that judges should undergo gender-based training or workshops organized by judicial institutions or universities to enhance their gender sensitivity in deciding legal cases, especially nushūz cases.
The Reconstruction of The Livelihood Concept from A Mubādalah Perspective in Lampung Province
Authors: Nur Efa Rodiah , Mu’in Fathul , Hamsidar Hamsidar
Published: December 2023

The laws and regulations in Indonesia exhibit gender bias, resulting in a rise in divorce cases within the Religious Courts. This can be attributed to the prevailing perception among women that the burden for sustaining livelihoods lies mostly with their husbands. This case pertains to the challenge of formulating legislation that effectively incorporates the notion of livelihood reconstruction while avoiding any gender biases. The objective of this study is to provide a re-evaluation of the notion of livelihood in order to facilitate the development of novel legal products that are more suited to meet contemporary demands. This is qualitative research, wherein data was collected from the Religious Courts in Lampung and subsequently examined through the use of the mubādalah theory. The present study has identified that the prevalence of divorce in Lampung may be attributed to the provisions outlined in Law no. 1 of 1974 and Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI). These legal provisions alone mandate husbands to provide financial support, hence leading to the increased occurrence of divorce. The implementation of these two legislation led to a notable rise of 34.25% in the occurrence of contested divorces within the Province of Lampung. This increase can be attributed to several grounds, including income-related issues accounting for 41.3%, disagreements and domestic violence contributing to 33.3%, and other miscellaneous variables comprising 28% of the overall increase. The promotion of family resilience entails the establishment of a symbiotic partnership between spouses, thereby reinforcing the husband-wife paradigm. This entails the implementation of rights and responsibilities, particularly in relation to income, to foster interdependence and mutual support within the marital union. The novelty of this study is in the ability of the idea of mubādalah to establish a connection between husbands and wives, enabling them to fulfil their respective rights and obligations, particularly in terms of partnership and mutual support within the context of cohabitation.
Building Students’ Character Based on Maqāṣid al-Sharī'ah: Perspectives of Parents, Teachers, and Community Members in Banda Aceh
Authors: Mahmud Salami , Sri Rahmi Sri Rahmi , Nufiar Nufiar , Nurbayani Nurbayani , Nurdin Realita
Published: December 2023

To build students' character, the Indonesian government has made various efforts, one of which is updating the curriculum to make it in line with the demands of the current times. Given the importance of character building since the school age, the Curriculum 2013 (K-13) was developed and it contains 18 national characters that must be promoted and developed during the learning process. However, until now the curriculum seems to have not been able to shape the character of students as expected. Therefore, this study aims to present alternative approaches in building student character. The approach is to form character at home, some are formed in school, and some are formed in society. This study provides concrete examples of character development contained in K-13 with an Islamic approach. This study is a qualitative study analyzed using Islamic education theory and maqāṣid al-sharī'ah. Data is collected in two ways, namely; in-depth interviews with informants and literature studies related to the discussion. The results show that religious characters such as honesty, discipline, independence, and responsibility are easier to build at home using the Islamic approach. Furthermore, the characters of tolerance, hard work, creativity, democracy, curiosity, nationalism, patriotism, respect for achievement, and fondness for reading are easier to develop at schools with an Islamic approach as well. Finally, it is easier to develop characters such as friendly/communicative, peace-loving, environmental awareness, and social characteristics within society. In addition, the 18 characters are related to the purpose of maqāṣid al-sharī'ah as well as Islamic education.
Environmental Theology and Its Relevance to Islamic Law: Perception of Makassar Muslim Scholars, Indonesia
Authors: Latif Muhaemin , Hanafi Darmawati , Damis Rahmi , Goncing Abdi
Published: December 2023

This article discusses environmental theology with Islamic law from the perspective of scholars and scholars in Makassar City, South Sulawesi. The research uses qualitative methods with a theological approach and Islamic law as an analytical tool. Theology is used to analyze Islamic concepts of the environment as opposed to Islamic law. In obtaining the data, researchers interviewed religious figures who became role models for the people of Makassar, in addition to using literature study techniques. The results showed that Makassarese Muslim scholars are well aware that environmental theology is an alternative solution to overcome the environmental crisis. They believe that the two main sources of Islam, the Quran and Hadith, pay great attention to the protection and maintenance of the environment. Similarly, Prophet Muhammad PBUH is the best example among leaders who care deeply about the environment. Furthermore, this study also concludes that first, environmental theology is a theology that not only discusses man's relationship with God but also discusses man's relationship with social, cultural, environmental, and social reality. Environmental theology focuses on the extent of human concern for nature and the environment. Second, the foundation of environmental theology can be traced from two main sources of Islam, namely the Qur'an, and Hadith. The Qur'an pays great attention to the protection and preservation of the environment. Likewise, Prophet Muhammad PBUH, in his various traditions also emphasized the importance of protecting and maintaining the environment. Third, environmental theology is closely related to Islamic law specifically ecological fiqh, which focuses on practical explanations of how to protect the environment. If environmental theology is oriented towards philosophical foundations in environmental conservation, then Islamic law requires the importance of protecting the environment as a benefit for humans and nature.
Polygamy in the Perspective of Tafsīr Al-Aḥkām and Islamic Law: An Examination of the Gayo Luwes Community in Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Aziz Nasaiy , Rispalman Rispalman , Anggraini Tika
Published: December 2023

The law on marriage, adheres to the principle of monogamy, but in other parts, it is stated that under certain circumstances polygamy is justified. The main problem studied was the practice of polygamy without the permission of wives in Gayo Lues Regency, Aceh. This study employs empirical legal methodologies and applies theoretical frameworks grounded on Islamic law, specifically utilizing the approach of tafsīr al-aḥkām. The collection of data was conducted through the utilization of in-depth interviews and a comprehensive review of relevant literature. The findings of the study revealed significant variations in the occurrence of non-consensual polygamy in Pantan Weather subdistrict, Gayo Regency. Polygamy entails both bad and positive consequences, with the former outweighing the latter in terms of quantity. The adverse consequences encompass spousal inequity, the disregard for the rights of women and children, the proliferation of animosity among spouses, and the erosion of familial bonds. In contrast, the potential benefits of engaging in polygamy primarily revolve around the avoidance of immoral behavior, specifically adultery, and the facilitation of subsequent marriages. By entering into multiple marriages without the explicit consent of one's spouse, an individual may perceive certain advantages, such as the acquisition of desirable outcomes. Conversely, the fear of experiencing negative consequences, such as infidelity, may serve as a motivating factor for individuals to pursue polygamous relationships. Moreover, as posited by scholars of interpretation, both ancient and contemporary, the fundamental principle of marriage in Islamic jurisprudence is monogamy. However, if an individual engages in polygamy, it is imperative to uphold principles of justice, responsibility, and the preservation of familial harmony and tranquility. This study contributes to the understanding that polygamy may be considered as a viable option in exceptional circumstances, but only under the condition that it is practiced with fairness and equity by specific individuals.
Non-Binary Gender in Siyasah Syar'iyah Perspective: Study at Religious Universities in South Sulawesi
Authors: Arake Lukman , Makkarateng Ma'adul Yaqien , Abidin Kurniati , Baharuddin Elviana , Yusuf Muhammad
Published: December 2023

Non-binary gender is a legally recognized phenomenon that is present within global civilization, including the nation of Indonesia. The primary objective of this article is to analyze the concept of non-binary individuals within the context of religious universities, specifically from the standpoint of siyasah syar'iyah. This study employs a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods, adopting a siyasah syar'iyah framework. Data was acquired utilizing two methods, including in-depth interviews, literature reviews, and surveys. The research study involved conducting interviews with informants who were specifically selected from the academic and religious communities in South Sulawesi. The literature under consideration comprises scholarly journal articles, books, and legal rules. Concurrently, a survey research study was undertaken at five Religious Universities located in the region of South Sulawesi. This study posits that under the framework of gender, non-binary is identified as a distinct category alongside men and women. Nevertheless, the Islamic law refutes the notion of gender and sexuality diversity, asserting that it contradicts sharia law, deviates from the inherent character of humanity, and raises legal issues such as inheritance and marriage. In addition to promoting non-discriminatory attitudes towards individuals, Islamic law also emphasizes the need of satisfying the rights of Non-Binary Gender individuals, provided that such fulfillment does not impede the realization of other human rights. According to siyasah syar'iyah, it is the responsibility of the state, as mandated by legislative rules, to ensure the provision of protection, guidance, and counseling to individuals, with the aim of fostering a life that promotes virtue and harmony within society.
Tradition, Social Values, and Fiqh of Civilization: Examining the Nyadran Ritual in Nganjuk, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Hasan Nor , Taufiq Muhammad , Hannan Abd. , Ghafiri Enhas Muhammad Iqbal
Published: December 2023

This research focuses on examining the Nyadran ritual in Sono Ageng Village, Nganjuk Regency, approached through the relationship between tradition, social norms, and fiqh of civilization. The study used a qualitative approach with phenomenology as a method, utilizing John F. Haught's theory on the relationship between religion and culture, and both primary and secondary data. This study has three findings: First, Nyadran is an annual tradition containing the meaning of slametan, prayers, means to strengthen social relations, and respect for ancestors or forefathers who have greatly contributed to establishing the Sono Ageng Village. Second, although Nyadran was initially known to the public as a local tradition, subsequent developments reveal that Nyadran underwent a process of acculturation with the values and teachings of the Islamic religion. The relationship between religion and culture in the Nyadran tradition is formed through a process of contact and confirmation. Third, from a Fiqh of Civilization perspective, the values contained in Nyadran includes gratitude for Allah's blessings, prayers for ancestors, a place for friendship, and a true transformation of social values in line with the visions of Fiqh of civilization. The implication of this study is the maintaining traditions and social harmony within the paradigm of Fiqh of Civilization to create an attitude of tolerance and moderation in the life of a pluralistic society.
O ENSINO NA GRADUAÇÃO DE ÁREAS PROTEGIDAS NO BRASIL: ENTRE AS CIÊNCIAS NATURAIS E SOCIAIS
Authors: Salgado Cosme Simião Nascimento , Oliveira José Emílio Zanzirolani de , Salvio Geraldo Majela Moraes
Published: December 2023

Resumo: As Áreas Protegidas são essenciais à conservação da biodiversidade, resguardam culturas e fomentam a economia, sua efetividade advém da gestão participativa. Dentre as Áreas Protegidas encontram-se as Unidades de Conservação geridas por equipes de profissionais multidisciplinares. Os gestores que trabalham nestas Unidades são responsáveis por tomadas de decisão conservacionistas em conformidades com o Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação da Natureza. As Instituições de Ensino Superior integram a vida desses profissionais, pois muitos possuem curso superior. A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo identificar cursos de graduação no Brasil que abordam a temática Áreas Protegidas nas matrizes curriculares de disciplinas obrigatórias. O trabalho teve caráter exploratório com análise documental dos Projetos Pedagógicos dos Cursos. Observou-se 275 cursos de graduação em 113 Instituições, sendo 190 com abordagens sobre Áreas Protegidas distribuídos em 66,66% das áreas do conhecimento da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, com destaque a área Multidisciplinar. Concluiu-se que o curso de Tecnologia em Gestão Ambiental é o que possui maior quantidade de disciplinas envolvendo as Áreas Protegidas. Em geral, a área das Ciências Sociais foi a de menor quantidade de disciplinas que abordam a temática.

Palavras-chave: Ciências Sociais; Gestão Ambiental; Gestores de Unidades de Conservação; Matrizes curriculares.
O PAÍS DISTORCIDO: MILTON SANTOS E O LUGAR DAS IDEIAS
Authors: Machado Thiago Adriano
Published: December 2023

A atitude crítica e reflexiva de Milton Santos sobre como o Brasil é pensado pela Geografia e pelos intelectuais, nacionais ou estrangeiros, tem repercussões importantes na avaliação dos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos e das possibilidades políticas vinculadas a um discurso e uma teoria do Brasil. Desse modo, o autor identifica dinâmicas deformadoras da realidade nacional que resultam na imagem de um “país distorcido” pela tendência histórica de acolher uma dinâmica modernizadora estrangeira e de ser interpretado segundo ideias importadas. O presente trabalho objetiva, portanto, examinar como Santos compreende o Brasil como “país distorcido” a partir da relação entre as ideias mobilizadas para interpretar o país e seus respectivos contextos geográficos, explorando os ajustes propostos pelo autor para mitigar os mecanismos de distorção tributários das expectativas de modernização nacional. A metodologia parte do cotejamento da sua produção teórica com as fontes aqui nomeadas de “reflexivas” (artigos de jornal, entrevistas, discursos e conferências), a partir das quais Santos interveio mais diretamente no debate público. A hipótese sugere que há uma indissociabilidade entre seu projeto teórico-metodológico de renovação crítica da Geografia e aquele de construção de uma interpretação geográfica do Brasil, no sentido de produção de um discurso eficaz e uma teoria de Brasil. Como resultado, compreendemos que o autor produz uma Geografia situada a partir de uma interpretação do Brasil, posicionando-se no âmbito do chamado “paradigma da formação” a partir da proposta de revitalização do projeto nacional. Para tanto, reconhece o protagonismo dos homens lentos (pobres, negros e migrantes) como sujeitos históricos, de modo a relacionar a dimensão existencial da corporeidade com a escala nacional da formação socioespacial. Por fim, reconhecemos que a sua própria trajetória intelectual se deu em um “entrelugar” das ideias ao tensionar os cânones geográficos desde o Sul global, apropriando-se e reformulando ideias estrangeiras para enunciar um discurso novo a partir de um projeto intelectual autêntico e “descolonializado”.
The Tribal System in Yemen And the Position of Islamic Law on It
Authors: Abduh Usman Muhammad
Published: December 2023

This study touched upon the nature of the tribe and its meaning and the concept of the tribal system, especially the tribal system of Yemen, with the components of this system, its sources, and the legitimate position of it. The study showed that the tribal system is based on the nervousness of the family, in this system, and then be other manifestations of this system, such as the characteristics and characteristics that must be Sheikh, and how to elect, and so on. Tribal custom is a constitution or method and approach under which the tribes in resolving disputes or disputes, which represents a law governing the tribal social fabric, and from sources Islamic law and customs and judgment's experience and jurisprudence and the experience of the judge, and it became clear that the tribe and its system in the curriculum of Islam does not good or bad itself, but on the basis of how to employ and how much the impact on the community for building of the fabric and strengthen its immunity.
A Journey About the Innovations of Muslims in Andalusia
Authors: Mousa Faraj Murajia , Abdul Hamid Ahmad Faisal , Mohd Nor Mohd Roslan
Published: December 2023

This study aims to highlight the chemical innovations of Muslim scholars in Andalusia at the time of the Umayyad Caliphate (316 AH / 928 AD - 422 AH / 1031 AD). Through chemical compounds, and based on the foregoing, the importance of this study is highlighted in the concept of the science of experience, which was discovered and invented by Muslim scholars by mixing chemical compounds. It also has historical importance in the openness of Islam to the world and its coexistence with non-Muslims. The study showed that Muslim scholars were the world’s masters in the science of chemistry, and they contributed to laying the foundations of the science of experience. This study also shows that Muslim scholars were the first to innovate the manufacture of glass and gunpowder and contributed to the development of the paper industry. nitric and sulfuric acid, and they were able to develop potassium, sodium carbonate and gold water, and they were able to extract mercury and for iron ore and copper, they also extracted antimony, arsenic, and other modern innovations that contributed to the chemical industries in Andalusia.
The Donkey and Its Colt (Zech 9: 9 and Matth 21): the Principles of Inner-Biblical Exegesis and the Intertextual Approach to the Interpretation of Biblical Texts
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nesterova Olga E.
Published: December 2023

The paper deals with a notion and techniques of so-called inner-biblical exegesis, as applied to varying accounts of Jesus’ triumphal entry into Jerusalem in the four canonical Gospels, and examines particular modes of establishment and employment of intertextual links, which provided assimilation of veterotestamental prophesies in the neotestamental messianic context. In Mt 21: 1–11, as well as in Jn 12: 12–16, this account contain a direct reference to the prophesy of Zech 9: 9 (on the forthcoming King, sitting upon an ass), which is absent in Mark and Luke. The customary messianic interpretation of this prophesy was corroborated by an implicit association with the Jacob’s blessing upon Judah, where it was used a similar image of a colt, the donkey’s foal (Gen 49: 11). Though neither Mark, nor Luke cite Zechariah’s text, it seems that both of them had in mind Zech. 9:9 and probably also Gen. 49: 11. But Matthew is the only one, who discerns in the prophesy of Zechariah a dual image of a mother-ass and its foal. To explain, for which reason Matthew refuses to identify a banal figure of synonymic parallelism and insists, against common sense, on the fact that Jesus was riding two mounts at once, it can be presumed, that such a forced interpretation was implied by a particular manner of treating the prophetic proof-texts, which probative value could be reinforced by such a kind of hyperliteralist reading, providing its unequivocal application to the person of Jesus Christ.
Sensus triplex. Origen’s Doctrine of Three Senses of Scriptural Meaning
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nesterova Olga E.
Published: December 2023

In the 3rd century Origen of Alexandria (c. 185 – c. 254), a prominent early Christian scholar, theologian and exegete, developed a particular method of interpreting biblical texts not only according to their literal (“somatic”) meaning, but also according to their non-literal meaning of two higher levels, labelled “psychic” and “pneumatic” respectively. This book examines the origins and the actual content of this doctrine, its theological and hermeneutical foundations, its internal coherence and its relation to the earlier methods and practices of figural biblical exegesis — Jewish, Judeo-Hellenistic, Neotestamental and Gnostic.
Does credit diversification drive banks’ cost of intermediation? An empirical exploration
Authors: Nath Samapti , Das Ram Chandra
Published: December 2023

The disparity between the interest rates on loans and deposits is a widely used indicator of how expensive financial intermediation is for a community. The nations which reflect lower intermediation costs have higher levels of banking penetration and financial development (Gupta et al., 2021). This research examines the impact of credit diversification strategy on cost of intermediation of the Indian commercial banks. Additionally, our study shows the moderating role of bank ownership in this nexus. The static and dynamic estimation of panel data of the banks during the period 2014 to 2020 are carried out to analyse this relationship. Our baseline results refute the findings of Bustaman et al. (2016) and Huynh and Dang (2021) and indicate that the more diversified a bank’s credit portfolio, the higher its cost of intermediation. Besides, the results reflect the effect of credit diversification in inflating the cost of intermediation is less severe for the banks with public ownership. Thus, this research emphasizes while promoting a diversified strategy, regulators and bank managers should carefully evaluate the positive impact of credit diversification on banks’ cost of intermediation with a caution that the positive impact is more severe for private sector banks.
La actualización en Ciencias Veterinarias una necesidad para “una salud”
Authors: O E Robotti
Published: December 2023

Una vez más el Colegio Médico Veterinario de la Provincia de Córdoba apostó alperfeccionamiento, actualización científica y a la camaradería, una prioridad de nuestra institución desdehace cuarenta años casi consecutivos, aprendiendo año a año, tendiendo a superar las expectativas, es porello que este año los días 8, 9 y 10 de septiembre, se llevaron a cabo las 40º Jornadas de Actualización deCiencias Veterinarias, en el tradicional Hotel Luz y Fuerza de la Localidad de Villa Giardino Córdoba.Comenzó el viernes con el acto inauguran, en donde contamos con la presencia de autoridadesProvinciales y Municipales de Villa Giardino; autoridades del CMVPC, el Sr Presidente MV MarceloCalle, la Sra. Secretaria MV Natalia Elstner y miembros del Consejo Directivo; presidentes e integrantesdel otros Colegios Profesionales, como también del FECOVET; autoridades de las Universidades yFacultades de Veterinaria, como de nuestra Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, el Sr. Mgter. MV LeonelAlisio, al que le agradezco su apoyo y por su intermedio a todo el personal a su cargo. En este encuentroquisimos prestigiar la excelencia y el esfuerzo de los mejores promedios de las Carreras de Veterinaria dela tres Universidades de la Provincia la UCC, UNVM y UNRC, con beca completa, que portaron conorgullo la enseña patria en el acto inaugural, fue un orgullo tenerlos presentes y esperamos que hayansido un ejemplo a imitar, ya que el único camino para enaltecer nuestra profesión es el esfuerzo, el estudioy el crecimiento diario en el conocimiento, como también la empatía con nuestros pacientes y las personasresponsables de los mismos.
Anthropometry Measurement of Tribal Children (Kurmi-Santal) Aged from 4- 12 Years on their Nutrition in Ranibandh Block of West Bengal, India
Authors:   Department of Microbiology, Burdwan University, Burdwan, West Bengal, India, Mahata Amlan
Published: December 2023

In Developing country, many tribal children are facing malnutrition issues in remote area of Ranibandh block of Bankura district in West Bengal which severely affects the health of children. This cross-sectional survey, the study of aims is to know the various factors and status of nutritional in different aged group 4 to 12 years of tribal children The cross-sectional study of total 351 children’s (190 boys & 161 girls) is assessedin Ranibandh block during April, 2021- September,2022. To ensure better understanding of nutrition status, there are some strategies which is followed for analysis, such as, Interview method with questionnaire, Anthropometrics measurement of children is measured with standard procedure and analyzed parameters were weight, height, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and body mass index (BMI) against age for children and also find out their stunting, wasting and underweight. There were Z-scores <-2.0 SD reference to WHO standards. There was a significance statistical value p<0.05. Total prevalence in underweight, stunting, wasting was 60.12%, 59.28%, & 47.67%, respectively. Tribal children were suffering from severe underweight, acute nutritional stress and References to WHO classification, malnutrition, underweight and wasting was very high severe. There are found that tribal children nutritional status is weak than the general children according to their height, weight, BMI and under nutrition. It resulted that tribal children are facing a number of nutrient deficiencies with standardized RDA. There is importance for nutritional upliftment of community in long run and also need nutritional garden which helped accessibility and food security of tribal community and also need to govt. approved nutritional funding polices.
Microplastics in Food Environment: Sources, Consequences and Control Strategies
Authors:   National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management, Thanjavur, C Avantika , C P Srinithi , M Lavanya , N Baskaran , S Vignesh
Published: December 2023

Increasing accumulation of microplastics in the environment and food are of significant concern. It is unavoidable for people to consume tainted food that contains MPs, which is dangerous for both food security and people’s health. This situation creates the need to focus on monitoring and eradicating MPs across the food supply chain. MPs can move across the food chain by trophic transfer, thus leading to bioaccumulation of contaminants. MPs occur in feed, raw food and in processed foods. MPs exist in various types, size and shape which affects their absorption and degree of hazard. This review highlights the existence of MPs in food and explain its implications to food security and potential risks to human health.
Detection of VBNC State Strains within the Biofilm Matrix of SS-304 Coupon Immersed in Meat Waste by PMA-PCR Assay
Authors:   National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management – Thanjavur (NIFTEM-T), M Bhavadharani , M Lavanya , S Nivetha , N Baskaran , S Vignesh
Published: December 2023

Foodborne pathogens, when present in food products, can lead to various diseases and pose significant food safety risks. The Salmonella Sp. is a common foodborne pathogen known for its various harmful effects, such as production of endotoxins, enterotoxins and invasiveness. The Viable but Non-Culturable (VBNC) state is a bacterial survival mechanism that occurs under adverse conditions. It poses a considerable challenge to both public health and food safety. The aim of this research is to establish a Propidium Monoazide- Polymerase Chain Reaction (PMA-PCR) technique capable of swiftly and sensitively detecting inducted Salmonella Sp., including its Viable but Non-Culturable (VBNC) pathogens in food samples. However, the efficacy of PMA in food waste sample has not been explored previously. In this study, SS-304 coupons were submerged in meat waste for 7 days and amount of biofilm formation were assessed at 3 and 7days interval and a total of 25 biofilm-forming bacterial strains were isolated and partially identified and the EPS production was also determined for further studies. The results showed that the addition of 1% acetic acid could directly kill Salmonella sp. cells and inhibit the formation of the VBNC state with a nutrition concentration of 25, 50, and 100%. By PMA-PCR method, the number change of cells during VBNC induction was monitored successfully. We assessed the capacity of PMA dye in food waste to identify DNA originating from viable bacteria.
Jamun Fruits as a Potential Natural Therapeutic Agent: An updated Review on its Health Benefits
Authors: Kuli Ghana Kanta , S Vignesh , DV Chidanand , N Baskaran
Published: December 2023

Tropical fruit Syzygium cumini, also referred to as jamun, is a native of the Indian subcontinent, is widely planted throughout numerous continents due to its extraordinary capacity to adapt to various climatic conditions. From India to Southeast Asia, where nations like Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Myanmar are included, is where its native range is found with a long history of traditional medicinal use. Due to its adaptability and ability to survive in a variety of environments, jamun trees are a common fruit crop in Asia, Africa, and some regions of South America. In the summer, they produce dark-purple berries that are not only delicious but also nutrient-dense. Jamun offers a wide range of health advantages because of its abundance in antioxidants, dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals. Because it improves insulin sensitivity and blood sugar regulation, research suggests it may be useful in the management of diabetes. Additionally, the abundance of antioxidants in jamun fights oxidative stress and inflammation, possibly lowering the risk of chronic illnesses. Its dietary fiber aids in weight control and supports digestive health. Jamun also has anti-viral, anti-microbial, and even potential anti-cancer capabilities. It may also strengthen the immune system, promote cardiovascular health, and support cardiovascular health. Although jamun has many health benefits, it should be used in moderation as part of a balanced diet, taking into account individual variances and any sensitivities. Overall, the widespread use, adaptability, and exceptional health benefits of jamun highlight its value as a fruit with a significant capacity to improve people's well-being.