bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A case of malignant myxoma (myxosarcoma) of the maxilla
Authors: LAMBERG MATTI A. , CALONIUS BORIS P. E. , MÄKINEN JUDIT E. A. , PAAVOLAINEN MIKKO P. , SYRJÄNEN KARI J.
Published: October 2007

Abstract – A centrally located maxillary myxoma with malignant histologic appearance and aggressive clinical course is reported in a 40‐yr‐old man. The gelatinous polypoid tumor mass was diagnosed as a myxoma in the first biopsy. The tumor recurred rapidly (within 3 wk) eroding the bony structures of the maxillary sinus and the hard palate and infiltrating the adjacent soft tissues. In repeated biopsy (as well as reassessment of the first biopsy) the tumor was found to be composed of plump stellate cells, some of which were pleomorphic with atypical and bizarre mitotic figures. The amorphic myxoid matrix contained acid mucopolysaccharides and was completely devoid of lipids. Electron microscopy demonstrated that the tumor cells were identical to fibroblasts, which is consistent with the appearance of myxoma cells. When radiotherapy was unsuccessful, we removed the left maxilla with orbital excenteration and reconstructed the jaw. Three years later the patient died accidentally. At autopsy, no recurrence of myxoma or distant metastases were found. Due to the malignant histologic appearance and the aggressive clinical course, this tumor can be called an odontogenic myxosarcoma and should be added to the WHO classification as a malignant variant of odontogenic myxoma.
Use of fluorides by Finnish adolescents
Authors: HONKALA EINO , NYYSSÖNEN VILJO , RIMPELÄ ARJA
Published: October 2007

Abstract –

According to the recommendations of the National Board of Health in Finland fluoride tablets should be used daily from the age of 6 months to 15 yr in fluoride deficient areas. Topical fluorides are recommended in addition to systemic fluorides. The aim of this study was to analyze the use of fluoride tablets and topical fluorides by Finnish adolescents. Teenagers (n= 4705) representing Finnish youth aged 12, 14, 16 and 18 yr were sent mail questionnaires in February 1981. The response rate was 88%. The proportion of daily fluoride tablet users was 12% among 12‐yr‐old girls, 3% among 14‐yr‐old girls and among boys 10% and 4%, respectively. Fluoride rinses at home were used daily by only 1%. During the most recent school term, 34% had several times, and 8% once, participated in classroom fluoride rinsing. In the same period 14% had used fluoride gel several times, and 10% once. Thus despite dental health education, fluoride tablets and rinses are used very rarely at home by Finnish teenagers. The recommendations of the National Board of Health are far removed from the behavior of adolescents. Use of fluoride tablets and topical fluorides do not seem to be a practical alternative to drinking‐water fluoridation, because of the low level of compliance.
Stimulated salivary flow rate, pH and lactobacillus and yeast concentrations in medicated persons
Authors: PARVINEN TUIJA , PARVINEN ILMO , LARMAS MARKKU
Published: October 2007

Abstract –

Flow rate, pH and lactobacillus and yeast counts of paraffin‐stimulated whole saliva were analyzed in an adult population of 463 medicated persons. Of the very large number of drugs only a few groups were found to decrease salivation to such an extent that they can be considered to cause dental harm. Persons using neuroleptics, tricyclic antidepressants or antihypertensives were nevertheless found to produce stimulated saliva at rates significantly lower than unmedicated persons. Age had no influence on the flow rate, but postmenopausal age seems to predispose medicated women to a decrease in salivary flow. Higher microbial counts were found in the medicated men.
Infraocclusion of primary molars: a histologic study
Authors: KUROL JÜRI , MAGNUSSON BENGT C.
Published: October 2007

Abstract –

In order to analyze the occurrence and character of ankylosis in primary molars in infraocclusion, 102 primary molars, 62 in infraocclusion and 40 in normal position, in children aged 3–17yr, were studied histologically. Ankylosis was demonstrable in most of the infraoccluded teeth while ankylosis was not found in teeth with normal positions. The ankylosis was always located at the inner root surface. Progression of the resorption of the root with age was seen in both group of teeth. In teeth of younger children, in contrast to teeth of older children, the ankylosis was never found in the cervical portion of the roots. In the mandible, a thicker buccal marginal bone crest could be found in infraoccluded teeth than in teeth in normal position. Bone biopsies revealed no pathologic changes. Pulps ol infraoccluded teeth more often demonstrated degenerative changes like fibrosis and calcifications. It is suggested that ankylosis is a local phenomenon, most likely due to developmental disturbances of the periodontium, and that ankylosis in infraoccluded primary molars is not a static condition but part of an ongoing process during root resorption.
Crystallography of supragingival and subgingival human dental calculus
Authors: SUNDBERG MARGARETA , FRISKOPP JOHAN
Published: October 2007

Abstract –

Selected area electron diffraction of sections and individual crystal fragments of human dental calculus has demonstrated that octacalcium phosphate, hydroxyapatitc and whitlockite form the inorganic part of both supragingival and subgingival denial calculus. However, the major constituents in supragingival calculus arc platelet‐shaped crystals of octacalcium phosphate and needle‐shaped crystals of hydroxyapatite, while bulk crystals of whitlockite is the predominant component in subgingival calculus. The subgingival samples seemed to be better crystallized than the supragingival ones. The results obtained by the electron optical and X‐ray powder investigations are in good agreement.
Visualization of human predentin and hypomineralized areas of dentin by silver methenamine staining
Authors: SÖGAARD‐PEDERSEN BO
Published: October 2007

Abstract –

The light microscopic structure of human teeth was studied following silver methenamine staining, with and without previous oxidation in periodic acid. Predentin, hypomineralized dentin and carious dentin stained intensely, whereas highly mineralized dentin and calcospherites at the predentin‐dentin junction did not show any reactivity when observed in the light microscope, even following demineralization in strong acid or in EDTA. The reactive sites of the pulp were confined to nuclei, nuclcoli and a few thin fibers. This distribution of reactive sites is different from the distribution which is seen following von Kossa's silver stain, and from the distribution seen following silver stain methods for reticular fibers.
In vivo measurement of bone mineral content of mandibles by dual‐photon absorptiometry
Authors: VON WOWERN NINA
Published: October 2007

Abstract –

The purpose of this study was 1) to reveal the short‐ and long‐term precision of non‐invasive in vivo measurements of bone mineral content (BMC) in larger and smaller parts of mandibles and in forearm bones by a new two‐dimensional dual‐photon attenuation system GT45; 2) to develop normal reference values and ranges for mandibular BMC in individuals between 20‐40 yr of age without known systemic diseases and with normal oral state, (n= 56, F:M = 1:1), and 3) to relate mandibular BMC with forearm bone BMC, sex and age, by comparing BMC values of a well‐defined normal old test group (n= 24, F:M = 1:1, 70‐81 yr of age) with the normal reference values. The analyses indicated: 1) the in vivo short‐ and long‐term precision of the methods is high. 2) BMC of mandibles and forearm bones is significantly related to sex and age (P<0.01, and in mandibles of young females/males: P= 0.02). 3) BMC in mandibles and forearm bones is significantly correlated in both age groups (P<0.01) with relatively weak coefficients of correlation. GT45 may be used to follow BMC changes in mandibles in groups or single individuals after surgical treatment and to evaluate sex and age dependent BMC changes in mandibles and forearm bones.
SEM study of surface characteristics and marginal adaptation of anterior resin restorations after 3–4 years
Authors: VAN DIJKEN JAN W. V. , HORSTEDT PER , MEURMAN JUKKA H.
Published: October 2007

Abstract –

SEM replica technique was. used to study surface characteristics and marginal adaptation of278 anterior resin fillings. 3‐4 yr old. The fillings showed degradation of surfaces and margins with eroded areas and exposed macro‐ and microfiller particles. Cohesive failures were seen as chip fractures and marginal fractures parallel to the cavity margins. Microfiller resin fillings showed less rough surface characteristics than the conventional and hybrid composite resins in spite of a higher frequency of fillings with surface degradation. The microfiller resin fillings activated by visible light, in particular, showed relatively smooth surface characteristics with less surface degradation and less porosity. About 50% of the conventional and hybrid composite fillings showed marginal defects. The two chemically cured microfiller resin fillings showed marginal defects in 66% or 88%, whereas for the visible light cured microfiller resin fillings defects were observed in 44%.
Immunoblotting demonstration of antibodies to the organic matrix of developing bovine enamel
Authors: MOE DENNIS , KIRKEBY SVEND , SALLING ELISABETH
Published: October 2007

Abstract –

Antiserum was raised against an acetic acid extract of partly mineralized bovine enamel. By use of immunoblotting it was shown that rabbit antibodies react with both high and low molecular weight proteins. Most but not all of the enamel proteins isolated by different extraction solutions were antigenic identical. The blotting time was found to be important when immunoblotting of enamel proteins is carried out.
Circumferential continuity of perikymata in human dental enamel investigated by scanning electron microscopy
Authors: RISNES STEINAR
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Theoretically the perikymata may represent one of two possible configurations: closed circles or continuous spirals. In the present study one randomly selected perikyma groove in one randomly selected tooth (the mandibular first premolar of a 12‐yr‐old girl) was tracked around the circumference of the crown in the scanning electron microscope. It was found that the perikymata geometrically represented closed circles. The possibility of methodologic error was excluded.
Comparison of effect of SnF2 and NaF mouthrinses on caries incidence, salivary S. mutans and gingivitis in high caries prevalent adults
Authors: KLOCK BJÖRN , SERLING JIM , KINDER SUSAN , MANWELL MARY A. , TINANOFF NORMAN
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The effect of SnF2 and NaF mouthrinses were compared in subjects initially selected because of their high caries prevalence and high levels of salivary S. mutans. Subjects rinsed twice a day with either SnF2 or NaF (200 ppm F−). Subjects in both groups continued to be caries active during the course of the study. However, at the first year examination subjects rinsing with SnF2 had less S. mutans/ml saliva, a lower caries incidence and less gingivitis. After 2 yr the S. mutans levels in the SnF2 rinsing group remained significantly less. Both caries incidence and gingivitis were lower in the SnF2 group after 2 yr but the difference was not significant.
Importance of teeth and tongue as possible receptor sites for chlorhexidine in relation to its clinical effect
Authors: WAALER SONNI METTE , RÖLLA GUNNAR
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Teeth have previously been shown not to be of any major importance when quantitatively measuring the retention of chlorhexidine in the oral cavity. Only a few studies have examined the significance of the binding of chlorhexidine to the tongue in relation to its plaque inhibiting effect. The present study was therefore carried out to further examine these possible chlorhexidine receptor sites in the oral cavity in relation to its known antibacterial effect at the teeth surface. Two daily applications of chlorhexidine on the teeth in the right side of the maxilla, against a contralateral water control, both in combination with a sucrose challenge six times daily, showed no significant reduction of plaque formation when compared to an application of sucrose used alone. Two daily applications of chlorhexidine on the tongue, again combined with sucrose challenge, also showed no significant plaque inhibiting effect. The results obtained indicate that neither the teeth nor the tongue seem to be of major importance as receptor sites for chlorhexidine in the oral cavity as related to its observed clinical effect.
Effect of xylitol‐, sucrose‐, and water‐rinses on the composition of human palatine gland secretions
Authors: MÄKINEN KAUKO K. , VIRTANEN KAUKO K. , SÖDERLING EVA , KOTIRANTA JARMO
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The chemical composition of stimulated human palatine secretions (HPS) was studied after rinsing with aqueous solutions of sucrose or xylitol, or with water only. Stimulation with water was associated with increased concentration levels of protein. The levels of sialic acids (per mg protein) and the specific arylamidase activities were simultaneously increased, within the physiologic range. In contrast to a previous report, these results indicate that HPS does contain arylaminopeptidases the activity of which is strongly increased by Cl−, The Cl− ‐dependent activity was revealed when using N‐L‐arginyl‐2‐naphthylamide as substrate. The filter paper method used is recommended for collecting HPS for chemical analyses. In spite of the use of a relatively effective and versatile stimulation procedure, only one third of the subjects produced detectable HPS, Very poor secretion of HPS should perhaps be considered in subjects wearing total dentures.
Comparative study of dentin adhesives
Authors: HANSEN ERIK KEITH , ASMUSSEN ERIK
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The marginal adaptation of Silux after application of different dentin adhesives was investigated in dentin cavities prepared in extracted human teeth. The cavity diameter ranged from 1.8 to 6.4 mm and the cavosurface angle was 90°, 110°, 135° or 160°. The investigation included the following adhesives: Clearfil, Creation 1150, GLUMA, NPG‐GMA + PMDM, Palfique, Panavia, Scotehbond and Superbond. Silux Enamel Bond was used as control. The most effective adhesive was GLUMA followed by Superbond and then NPG‐GMA + PMDM; Palfique, Panavia and Scotehbond were all less effective than NPG‐GMA + PMDM, and both Clearfil and Creation 1150 were inferior to the control, Silux Enamel Bond. None of the adhesives were able to prevent the formation of marginal gaps when measured 10 min after polymerization. After water absorption for 1 day, only GLUMA and Superbond produced gapfree fillings. Increasing the cavosurface angle resulted in a significant improvement of the effect of all adhesives, the main reason for this being the reduced ratio volume of filling to area of cavity wall.
Fluorine levels in in vitro remineralized enamel after treatment with 1000 ppm F as NaF, MFP or mixed solutions
Authors: LODDING ALEXANDER , ODELIUS HANS , PETERSSON LARS , SCHUTHOF JAN , ARENDS JOOP
Published: October 2007

Abstract By means of secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) an investigation has been made of the F uptake and the transport of fluorine‐carrying ions in artificially carious human enamel after in vitro remineralization. The fluoridation was effected from solutions of pure Na2FPO3 (MFP), pure NaF, or mixtures of MFP and NaF, always with a total F content of 1000 atom‐ppm. The recorded in depth profiles of F concentration show that, after 14 days of remineralization, 1) neither the acquired F levels nor the F distributions are greatly dependent on whether fluoridation is from NaF, MFP or mixtures, 2) the F distribution shape is not strongly influenced by a 3‐month storage followed by remineralization, 3) the penetration of F beyond the lesion is generally deeper from NaF than from MFP, and 4) the effect of long storage on penetration depth is mainly noticeable for MFP‐treated specimens.
Replica patterns on composite restorations performed in vivo with different acid‐etch restorative procedures
Authors: QVIST VIBEKE , QVIST JÖRGEN
Published: October 2007

Abstract 243 experimental Class V restorations using a chemically cured composite resin were inserted in human third molars with the conventional acid‐etch restorative procedure and eight modifications of this technique. The teeth were extracted after 4 months and, following demineralization, the fillings were examined in SEM concerning their enamel and dentin replica patterns on the inner cavity faced surface. Results showed a significant correlation between the enamel replica patterns and the marginal adaptation of the restorations while the dentin replica patterns did not influence the in vivo adaptation. Furthermore it was found that the improved adaptation obtained by low viscous resin applied as an intermediary layer in etched cavities is due to fewer porosities in the restorative material interface with enamel and dentin. Beveling of preparations prevents stress‐induced fractures of unsupported enamel prisms along the cavity periphery. Treatment of etched cavities with the surface active comonomer NPG‐GMA increases the general interfacial contact between resin restoratives and cavity walls, and surface coating of finished and re‐etched restorations fills up spaces created along cavity margins during the filling and finishing procedure.
Effects of 1% chlorhexidine gel treatment on sympathetic adrenergic nerves in human buccal mucosa
Authors: LUTHMAN JOHAN , HENSCHEN ANDREAS , LÖHÖNEN HELÉNE
Published: October 2007

Abstract –

The effect of treatment with a commercially available 1 % chlorhexidine gel (Hibitane Dental) in custom trays for 14 days (10 min daily) on the sympathetic adrenergic nerves in biopsies from human buccal mucosa was investigated. Chemical assay of endogenous noradrenaline concentration and immunocytochemical demonstration of tyrosine hydroxylase served as markers for structural and functional integrity of the adrenergic nerves. The mean concentration of noradrenaline in chlorhexidine treated tissues did not differ from the mean concentration in control. No morphologic or fluorescence intensity differences of the tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity were found in the chlorhexidine treated tissues when compared to controls. These findings indicate that a relatively intense treatment with a commercially available 1% chlorhexidine gel does not affect the adrenergic innervation of human buccal mucosa.
An experimental study of the adhesion of bacterial layers to some restorative dental materials
Authors: TULLBERG A.
Published: October 2007

Abstract — In the present study a powerful method for measuring adhesion is introduced. It is, based on the observation that the bacterial layer is usually capable of maintaining an interior pressure, but fractures when this pressure exceeds a certain critical value characteristic of the mechanical and adhesive properties of each specific bacteria and its formed matrix. A water jet: from a nozzle was directed on the bacterial layer of the specimen. A specimen covered with a layer of Streptococcus mutans, grown in an artificial mouth, was placed on a sledge and displaced twice, at constant speed in front of the jet, thus forming two grooves in the plaque layer. When the grooves are made in parallel utilizing different water pressures, the critical pressure for causing disengagement of the plaque, pc, can be evaluated. It is claimed that pc gives an estimate of the plaque adhesion. Polished and ground surfaces of four materials were investigated, namely amalgam, PMMA, gold and porcelain‐coated gold.
Phenytoin potentiates accessory cell dependent DNA‐synthesis in human lymphocytes in vitro
Authors: DAHLLÖE GÖRAN , OTTESKOG PER , MODÉER THOMAS
Published: October 2007

Abstract — The effect of phenytoin and its major metabolite p‐HPPH on concanavalin A (ConA) induced DNA‐synthesis of human lymphocytes was studied in vitro. In lymphocyte cultures depleted of phagocytizing cells by iron treatment PHT and p‐HPPH, in pharmacologic concentrations, caused a depression of the mitogen response measured as uptake of 3H‐thymidine. In contrast, the presence of phagocytizing mononuclear cells during ConA‐stimulation in the presence of PHT and p‐HPPH caused a potentiation of ConA induced DNA‐synthesis. These effects of phenytoin on immunocampetent cells may be of significance in the pathogenesis of the PHT‐induced gingival overgrowth, since earlier we have reported the presence of large infiltrates of lymphocytes, mainly T‐lymphocytes in gingival biopsies from clinically non‐inflamed PHT‐induced gingival overgrowth.
Relationship between torus mandibularis and number of present teeth
Authors: EGGEN SVEIN , NATVIG BENT
Published: October 2007

Abstract — Comparison of incidence of torus mandibularis and average number of present teeth among 2010 consecutive dental patients over 10 yr of age revealed that these variables seemed to be positively related: patients with torus mandibularis had on the average more teeth present than those without torus (P<0.0000001). The difference was statistically significant in all age classes except 50 years and over. In the adolescent age class, 10–19‐yr, patients with torus mandibularis had on the average fewer unerupted canines than those without torus indicating that the hyperostosis seemed to be associated with more adequately developed jaws. The decreasing incidence of torus mandibularis with age approximately paralleled the decreasing number of present teeth, indicating that number of functioning teeth seems to be a factor of importance for the maintenance of the trait.
Tin and copper release related to charge transfer between short‐circuited amalgam and gold alloy electrodes
Authors: JOHANSSON BERIT I.
Published: October 2007

Abstract — Short‐circuited electrodes of dental amalgams and a gold alloy were used in an attempt to study a possible relationship between the quantity of copper and tin ions released into an electrolyte and the charge transferred between the electrodes. It was found that under the experimental conditions used the quantity of tin ions released was related to the charge transferred between the conventional amalgam and the gold alloy. The same tendency was found using a saliva sample which confined and collected the released tin ions into a small volume when the conventional amalgam specimen was short‐circuited to the gold alloy specimen in vivo.
Ultrastructure of fluoride‐induced cysts in the rat molar enamel organ
Authors: NORDLUND ANITA LANGE , SIMMELINK JAMES W. , HENELL FREDRIK , HAMMARSTROM LARS
Published: October 2007

Abstract — Earlier studies have shown that a single high dose of fluoride induces subameloblastic cysts separated by morphologically unaltered ameloblasts in the developing rat molar. In the present investigation, the ultrastnucture of both the ameloblasts forming the cystic wall, and the cells within the cystic lumina were studied by means of transmission electron microscopy. It was shown that 24 h after fluoride injection the ameloblasts of the cystic wall showed various degrees of cytopiasmic and nuclear alterations. Some cells displayed signs of necrosis as indicated by condensation of the chromatin. The cytopiasmic changes varied from altered organelle morphology to fragmentation and almost complete shedding of the whole cytoplasm. In the ameloblasts of the cystic wall secretory products accumulated intracellularly, in distended rough endoplasmatic reticulum, in vesicles of the Golgi region and extracellularly between ameioblasts as well as between cells in the stratum intermedium, indicating an altered matrix secretion. Electron lucent material, cell and cell fragments were found in the cystic lumina, the two latter apparently originating from the ameloblastic layer. The degenerative changes seemed to follow the normal pattern of cell degeneration.
Light microscopic study of giant tubules in bovine dentin
Authors: DYNGELAND TROND , FOSSE GISLE
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Demineralized, H‐E stained longitudinal and transversal sections of unerupted permanent incisors from 1/2–3‐yr‐old calves were studied by light microscopy. The most incisal dentin in all teeth was. characterized by a regular pattern of straight axially oriented giant tubules situated in the axiomesiodistal plane with interglobular dentin between them. In younger teeth, the pulpal part of every giant tubule contained an afferent and an efferent blood vessel, forming a hairpin loop and being surrounded by basophil cells. Incisal to the blood vessel loops, cells enbedded in an eosinophil matrix were present in the giant tubule lumina, showing increasing degenerative changes incisally. In older teeth there was a mesiodistally extended eosinophil dentin band near the pulp, with few, irregularly arranged, tortuous dentinai and gianl tubules, the latter containing single blood vessels accompanied by pulpal cells. Isolated degenerating odontoblasts in lacunar cavities were seen in the transition area of the normal circumpulpal dentin and the eosinophil dentin band. A hypothesis on the initiation and subsequent development of giant tubules is presented.
Influence of submerged electrical welding/cutting on dental amalgam in Swedish divers
Authors: ÖRTENDAHL THOMAS W. , HOLLAND ROY I.
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Professional commercial divers working with electrical cutting and welding sometimes experience a metallic taste phenomenon. An enquéte study among divers showed no influence of different equipment on the occurrence of such metallic taste, but it seems to occur less frequently in low salinity water, It has been suggested that this metallic taste phenomenon is due to increased corrosion rate of dental restorations, especially of amalgam. Experimental results recording the potential of amalgam specimens placed in the oral cavity of divers during welding, showed influence on the potential, and thus probably on the corrosion rate, during welding only when the diver came into direct contact with the water, e.g. through leakage in the suit.
Caries status and microbial conditions in children in 1973 and 1984
Authors: KLOCK BJÖRN , KRASSE BO
Published: October 2007

Abstract — In 1973 all 9–12‐yr‐old children in a county in Sweden were examined with regard to caries prevalence, salivary Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli. Eleven years later the same parameters were analyzed in 250 randomly selected children of the same age and from the same county. Both the number ofcariogenic microorganisms and the caries prevalence were significant‐ly lower in 1984 than in 1973 (P<0.001). The lower number of S. mutans and lactobacilli could be due to several EBctors and is probably one of the reasons for the low caries prevalence in the children in the present study.
Salivary immunoglobulin concentrations in predentate and edentulous mouths
Authors: GRÖNBLAD EVA A. , LINDHOLM KAJ
Published: October 2007

Abstract —The concentrations of IgA, IgG and IgM in whole saliva of predentate babies, dentate adults, and edentulons old people, and the salivary IgG concentration of dentate old people, were determined using a solid phase radioimmunoassay. A highly significant difference in IgG concentratiorms was found between toothYess and dentate people. The average IgG concentrarion in the saliva of edentulous old people was 5.2 q/l, which was about 20° of that of dentate old people. The salivary IgG content of babies was only 1.7 q/I, which was in corxordance with the lovv postnatal serum IgG values. The salivary IgA level in this age group was also low. The edentulous old people tended to have decreased IgM values, and the predentate babies tended to have increased IgM values compared with the dentate adults.
Resin bond to electrolytically etched cobaltchromium alloys
Authors: JOKELA‐HIETAMÄKI MARJATTA , RANTANEN TIMO
Published: October 2007

Abstract — Disks of four cobalt‐chromium alloys were electrolytically etched and bonded together using a microfilled restorative resin. The bonds of the resin to two of the tested alloys, Bondi‐loy and Vitallium, showed tensile strengths of approximately 18 MPa. The bonds were significantly stronger than those obtained using the other two alloys, Dentitan and Novarex. The tensile bond strengths etched Dentitan and Novarex were 5.3 and 7.5 MPa respectively. The etched and debonded surfaces were studied in SEM.
Antibodies against lipopolysaccharide from Bacteroides gingivalis before and after periodontal treatment
Authors: SCHENCK KARL , HELGELAND KRISTEN , TOLLEFSEN TORE
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Specific serum antibody activities of the IgG, IgA and IgM isotypes against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) prepared from Bacteroides gingivalis were measured by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in a group of 12 periodontally healthy subjects and a group of 26 patients with periodontitis. The latter group received periodontal therapy, completed within about 1 yr. A serum sample was obtained from each participant at the first periodontal examination; a second sample was taken about 2 yr later. The mean antibody levels calculated for the healthy group did not change significantly between the first and second examination. The correlation coefficients computed between the two sets of measurements were 0.93, 0.90 and 0.96 for IgG, IgM and IgA respectively (P < 0.05). Periodontal treatment significantly improved the clinical status of the patients and was followed by a statistically significant mean reduction in specific antibody levels to the LPS preparation (IgG: 15%, IgA: 30% and IgM: 15%).
Comparison between a micromethod and a conventional method for estimation of salivary Streptococcus mutans
Authors: KÖHLER BIRGITTA , EMILSON CLAES‐GÖRAN
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Two methods for estimating the number of S. mutans in 501 paraffin‐wax stimulated whole saliva samples were compared. A highly significant correlation was found between the results of a micropipette method and conventional agar plating. The micropipette method is simple, reliable and economical and is a suitable alternative to conventional plating for determination of the S. mutans infection level.
Glucosyltransferase activity in human in vivo formed enamel pellicle and in whole saliva
Authors: SCHEIE ANNE AAMDAL , EGGEN KIRSTEN HANNESSON , RÖLLA GUNNAR
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Two hour in vivo formed enamel pellicle samples and paraffin wax‐stimulated saliva samples were collected from 10 volunteers for analyses of glucosyltransferase activity (GTF). GTF activity was recorded by monitoring incorporation of radioactivity from 14C‐glucose labeled sucrose into glucan. Pellicle and saliva samples from all 10 subjects demonstrated GTF activity. The GTF activity in the pellicle samples was highest in subjects, with high GTF activity‐producing adhesive glucan in saliva.
Prolonged oral reduction of Streptococcus mutans in humans after chlorhexidine disinfection followed by fluoride treatment
Authors: ZICKERT I. , EMILSON C. G. , EKBLOM K. , KRASSE B.
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The effect of oral chlorhexidine gel treatment supplemented with fluoride applications was studied in subjects with high salivary levels of S. mutans. In two experiments short‐term treatment with a 1% chlorhexidine gel was followed by applications of either a 1% NaF gel daily for 2 weeks or a 1% NaF gel daily for 6 weeks supplemented twice with topical application of an 8% SnF2 solution. The salivary numbers of S. mutans were lower in the test group than in the placebo group after 6 and 12 weeks in experiments 1 and 2, respectively, and considerably lower than the pretreatment values. The findings show that fluoride applications can be a valuable adjunct to chlorhexidine treatment for combatting S. mutans.
No evidence of hypersensitivity to dental restorative metals in oral lichen planus
Authors: HIETANEN JARKKO , PIHLMAN KARI , FÖRSTRÖM LARS , LINDER EWERT , EUNALA TIMO K.
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Twelve patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) suspected of dental restorative metal allergy were examined. All patients were patch tested with several metals including six different mercury compounds. One (8%) patient showed a positive patch test to two mercury compounds whereas no mercury allergy was found in a reference group of 17 patients suspected of dental restorative material allergy but without OLP lesions. The mercury allergic OLP patient was further tested on palatal mucosa but no reactions developed. Moreover, the energy dispersive X‐ray microanalysis failed to show any contaminating metals in his OLP lesion. Mucosal biopsies were taken in close contact with amalgam fillings from nine OLP patients but these disclosed no evidence of lichenoid or dysplastic alterations. In OLP lesions, the immunofluorescence findings showed fibrinogen deposition, altered basement membrane and elastic fiber staining and intense Ulex europeaus I lectin fluorescence through all epithelial cell layers. Therefore, the present patch tests did not reveal increased frequency of mercury or other metal allergy in OLP patients and the mucosal biopsies failed to show any histologic or immunofluorescence alterations deviating from idiopathic OLP lesions.
Reactions of the condylar tissues to attempts to increase mandibular growth
Authors: KANTOMAA TUOMO
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The relationship between the condyle and the glenoid fossa was changed in growing Long Evans/Turku rats by provoking an artificial cranial synostosis of the interparietal, temporo‐parietal and lambdoidal sutures. As a result the glenoid fossa was displaced posterosuperiorly, the length of the mandible was slightly increased and the condyle appeared flattened in shape by 50 days. The mesenchymal cell layer was thickened and chondrogenesis was disturbed. This disturbance was carried over to the cartilage in the course of growth, where it was seen in the presence of acellular and necrotic regions. The findings indicate that any attempt to increase the growth of the mandible by carrying it forwards should be executed gradually in order to allow the mesenchymal cells in the posterosuperior region of the condyle to alter their metabolism.
Release of elements from some gold alloys and amalgams in corrosion
Authors: LAPPALAINEN ROLF , YLI‐URPO ANTTI
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The release of Au, Ag, Cu and Zn elements from six commercially available gold alloys and three amalgam alloys was studied. The polarizing electropotential system with modified Fusayama solution was used. The cycle process was repeated 500 times between ± 1000 mV during a period of 5 h 22 min. During the process samples of solution were analyzed in order to follow the release of elements. Results revealed rapid release of Zn from most alloys, release of Ag from most alloys and release of Au from two alloys. Also, rapid release of Gu was found from amalgams but not from gold alloys. Release of Ag from gold alloys showed very good passivation up to 3 h, after which it was released in varying amounts.
Effect of varying gray‐scale resolution for detectability of bone lesions in intraoral radiographs digitized for teletransmission
Authors: WENZEL ANN
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Visual communicaltion equipments were developed early by radiologists for the transmission of analog signals, whereas today's transmission systems are based on digitization of the radiograph. For teletransmission of dental radiographs, it is essential to assess the diagnostic accuracy of various spatial and gray‐scale resolutions. Each of 83 dry mandibles was divided into four regions. By random assignment it was decided for each region whether or not a hole should be drilled. Intraoral radiographs (3 × 4 cm) were performed of each region and interpreted. The radiographs were thereafter recorded by a video camera connected to an IBM‐PC. The personal computer held a hardware digitization card defmed at a 512 × 512 spatial resolution with the possibility of selecting varying gray‐scale resolutions. All radiographs were assessed in resolutions with 256 (8 bit), 128 (7 bit), 64 (6 bit), and 32 (5 bit) shades of gray. In no case was the original radiograph more accurate than the 512 × 512 × 8 resolution. In two of the regions evaluated, the images providing 32 shades of gray were less accurate (percentage of true positives and negatives) thao the other resolutions (P<0.05) while in one region resolutions of 8 bit depth (256 shades of gray) provided a significantly greater accuracy than did the original radiograph and the other image resolutions (P<0.05). This was due to fewer false negative scores and was not followed by an increase in false positive scores. It can be concluded thai a 512 × 512 spatial resolution is satisfactory for the detection of bone lesions in digitized intraoral radiographs and that 64 shades of gray provide an equally good diagnostic accuracy as do the original radiograph. This might be relevant when transmission times are of importance.
Intra‐articular and skin surface temperature of human temporomandibular joint
Authors: ÅKERMAN SIGVARD , KOPP SIGVARD
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Ten subjects, five women and five men, without symptoms or signs of disorder in the stomatognathic system were examined for intra‐articular and skin surface temperature of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The temperature measurements were made with thermocouples at three depths within the joint (10, 15, 20 mm) and at five locations on the skin surface over the joint. The intra‐articular mean temperature was 36.0°C at 10 mm, 36.1° at 15 and 36.3° at 20 mm. The average ditference in intra‐articular temperature between the right and left sides was 0.2°C. The intra‐articular temperature was not correlated to room temperature. The average skin surface temperature over the center of the condyle was 35.1°C and the difference between skin surface temperature over tbe condyle and intra‐articular temperature at 20 mm was 1.2°C. The average difference between the right and left sides for skin surface temperature was 0.3°C. The intra‐articular temperature showed a negative correlation to the skin surface temperature (r= ‐0.54). The results of this study show that the intra‐articular temperature range of the TMJ is rather narrow, about 1.2°C (35.7–36.9°C) and that the difference between sides is less than 0.6°C.
Wall‐to‐wall polymerization contraction of composite resins versus filler content
Authors: MUNKSGAARD ERIK CHRISTIAN , HANSEN ERIK KEITH , KATO HIROMASA
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Various amounts of microfiller, condensed microfiller, prepolymer plus microfiller, or macrofiller were added to an unfilled light‐curable resin. The marginal adaptation of these experimental resin/filler mixtures was studied by measuring the wall‐to‐wall polymerization contraction (wtw‐eontraetion) in dentin eavities in vitro. The investigation showed that increasing amounts of microfiiler did not affect the wtw‐eontraction. However, mixtures made by the three other fillers showed a decreasing wtw‐eontraction with increasing filler concentration.
Microbial flora associated with presence of root surface caries in periodontally treated patients
Authors: EMILSON CLAES‐GÖRAN , KLOCK BJÖRN , SANFORD COLLIN B.
Published: October 2007

Abstract — Examination of saliva and dental plaque was carried out in 35 adults who had been treated for periodontal disease 3 yr earlier. Plaque samples were collected from approximal and buccal sound and carious root surfaces. The samples were analyzed for the presence and proportions of members of Streptococcus, Lactobacillus and Actinomyces. The results showed a low prevalence of root surface caries and a low level of salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli. From subjects with root caries there was a not statistically significant tendency to higher proportional levels of mutans streptococci in plaque from carious root surfaces than from caries‐free surfaces. An inverse significant relationship between noncarious and carious root surfaces was noted for S. sanguis. The population of A. viscosus and A. naeslundii was similar in plaque samples from sound and carious sites but showed elevated levels in the subjects with five or more new root surface lesions.
Role of temperature and shear forces on microbial detachment
Authors: CHRISTERSSON CECILIA E. , GLANTZ PER‐OLOF J. , BAIER ROBERT E.
Published: October 2007

Abstract –A flow cell system was used to assess the effects of shear stress and temperature on adhesion and retention of oral microorganisms from unstimulated whole human saliva. The saliva passed between two parallel mounted test plates, prepared and calibrated to present a surface energetic state similar to that of natural teeth and most restorative materials. The initial attachment of microorganisms occurred at a constant flow rate of 1 ml/min. Microbiota and biofilm material associated with the surface after 15 min of exposure were then challenged by introducing a cell‐free rinsing fluid at increased flow rates. The remaining population was counted in a reflected light microscope and correlated to the calculated shear stress for each experiment. A reduction of 70–80% of attached microorganisms was seen after a 30‐fold increase of the detaching force. No statistically significant differences could be detected in the proportions of initially attached or the remaining cocci and rods. The experiments were conducted at two temperature levels, both within a physiologic range representative of the oral environment. Temperature did not significantly affect the total numbers of attached or retained microorganisms, within the range of 22–37° C. These findings demonstrate that non‐specific attachment and detachment processes are important in the initial stage of microbial adhesion. Although biologically specific adhesive interactions were not addressed in this study, the data suggest that these may occur only after a minimum contact time of non‐specifically surface associated cells.
Reliability of the periapical index scoring system
Authors: ÖRSTAVIK DAG
Published: October 2007

Abstract — Data accumulated in one methodological and two longitudinal clinical studies employing the periapical index (PAI) scoring system were analyzed to assess the usefulness and reliability of the PAI system. More than 93% of pairs of PAI scores were either identical or deviated from each other with one step only for intra‐ and interexaminer agreement in scoring the same radiograph as well as for intraexaminer agreement in scoring two radiographs of the same root Untreated roots which on completion of the longitudinal studies were judged to have healthy periapices, were scored as diseased less than 3% of the time during the study. Diseased teeth were scored as healthy less than 7% of the time. The results suggest that the PAI scoring system may be used with a high degree of reliability.
Differences between non‐collagenous protein content of rat incisor and permanent bovine dentin
Authors: LINDE ANDERS
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The content of non‐collagenous proteins, extractable upon demineralization, in dentin from permanent bovine teeth and continuously growing rat incisors was compared. In both tissues, highly phosphorylated phosphoprotein and proteoglycan were major non‐collagenous components. Whereas γ‐carboxyglutamate‐containing proteins of the osteocalcin type constituted a major fraction in rat dentin, these were virtually absent from bovine dentin. The two tissues differed in content and composition of phosphoproteins, the major non‐collagenous protein fraction of dentin. Considerable differences were also found in the presence of other acidic non‐collagenous proteins. It was concluded that the general non‐collagenous protein composition of dentin from different species may differ fundamentally, but that such differences may be advantageous in exploring the different roles of specific components in the mechanism of biomineralization.
Microradiographic study of demineralization of shark enamel in a human caries model
Authors: ÖGAARD BJÖRN , RÖLLA GUNNAR , RUBEN JAN , DIJKMAN TOON , ARENDS JOOP
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The aim of the present study was to compare the resistance of fluoroapatite (shark enamel) and hydroxyapatite (human enamel) against a high caries challenge in a human in vivo model. Two samples of shark enamel and human enamel were each placed in removable appliances in six children and carried for 1 month and a plaque retentive device was placed over each enamel sample. The results showed that the mean total mineral loss (δZ) was 1680 vol%μm in human enamel and 965 vol%μm in shark enamel. The corresponding mean values for lesion depth were 90 μm and 36 μrn, respectively. It is concluded that even shark enamel containing 30 000 ppm F has a limited resistance against caries attacks.
What do dentists know about statistics?
Authors: SCHEUTZ FLEMMING , ANDERSEN BJÖRN , WULFF HENRIK R.
Published: October 2007

Abstract – A multiple choice test with nine statistical questions was sent to a random sample of Danish dentists to assess their knowledge of elementary statistical expressions (SD, SE, P<0.05, P> 0.05 and r). Of 250 dentists, 129 (52%) answered the questions. The test was also completed by 27 (71%) of 38 dental students immediately after the last lecture in statistics. The median number of correct answers was 2.2 among the dentists and 3.4 among the dental students. It is concluded that the statistical knowledge of most dentists, and to a lesser degree also dental students, is so limited that they cannot be expected to be critically against or to draw the right conclusions from those statistical analyses with which they are confronted. Only 35% of the dentists stated that it is very important that this problem be raised.
Immunohistochemical study of neuronal markers in human gingiva with phenytoin‐induced overgrowth
Authors: LUTHMAN JOHAN , DAHLLOF GÖRAN , MODÈER THOMAS , JOHANSSON OLLE
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The immunohistochemical occurrence of several different neuronal markers has been investigated in human gingiva with phenytoin‐induced overgrowth. The material was compared to gingival material taken following surgical orthodontic treatment. Gingiva obtained from the phenytoin‐treated groups seemed to have a reduced number of neurofilament (NF) immunoreactive nerve fibers in the propria compared to control material. In both phenytoin as well as control gingiva sparsely distributed, thin, calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) immunoreactive fibers were found in the propria. No obvious differences between the two groups could be observed for CGRP and SP. Immunoreactive cells for somatostatin (SOM) with a dendritic cell shape were found in the propria in both groups, sometimes in densely packed clusters. A tendency for increase of SOM‐immunoreactive cells in the phenytoin‐treated gingiva was observed. A few γ‐melanocyte stimulating hormone (γ‐MSH)‐immunoreactive cells with a round appearance were found in control as well as phenytoin‐affected gingiva. In one instance, however, a heavy γ‐MSH‐immunoreactive cell infiltration was seen in the phenytoin sample. No immunoreactivity in either the phenytoin‐treated group or in the control group was seen for proctolin or galanin. The results indicated that gingiva with phenytoin‐induced overgrowth has a reduced innervation density revealed with NF immunohistochemistry.
Peripheral PMN cell activity in relation to treatment of juvenile periodontitis
Authors: ASMAN BJÖRN , BERGSTRÖM KURT , WIJKANDER PETER , LOCKOWANDT BIRGITTA
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Ten patients with untreated juvenile periodontitis (JP) showing an increased generation rate of free oxygen radicals from their peripheral polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) as measured by luminol enhanced chemiluminescence (CL) were rechecked after treatment. The PMN cells from eight patients still reacted with higher CL after stimulation with Staph. aureus opsonized with autologous serum when related to pair‐matched controls. The increased CL was not caused by adsorption of serum factors from untreated JP patients when assayed with healthy PMN cells. The increased CL found in peripheral PMN cells from patients with JP thus depends very little on the disease activity.