bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strength assessment of biomaterial models using selective sintering technology
Authors: Marchlewski Paweł
Published: August 2019

The article presents an innovative method for the assessment of mechanical properties of biomaterials. 3D models were used for this purpose, obtained by selective laser sintering, designed in various spatial configuration (size of pores, orientation of pores ). The Rotational Bridge test stand was used to carry out the tests, which allowed generating of twisting deformations in the tested materials. The values of the moment of torsion forces transferred by the tested models were analyzed and compared, depending on their spatial structure.
RISK MANAGEMENT AS AN ELEMENT OF MANAGEMENT CONTROL IN THE POLICE
Authors: Kochańczyk Rafał
Published: August 2019

The number of imposed and implemented tasks by the modern state is associated, inter alia, with the growth of administration, the implementation of many new procedures, public expectations for a quick and effective response. Such situations forced the creation of a new control system, on the one hand, exercised over the implementation of tasks by the state, and on the other, their settlement. It is important to realize that such a settlement cannot be limited only to the achieved financial result. The current view on the balance of activities must have a wider horizon, including answers to questions regarding effectiveness, legality, timeliness, savings, adequacy of actions that have been taken, as well as effects in relation
to the objectives and needs. The traditional meaning of control means comparing the actual state with the planned state required by law and finding irregularities in relation to the assumed state. Management control is a broader concept. The main activities are undertaken to ensure the implementation of objectives and tasks in a lawful, effective, economical and timely manner, taking into account such elements as internal procedures, compliance of the entity’s activities with the law, as well as developed and implemented internal procedures, reliability of prepared reporting documentation, compliance with ethical principles, effective communication and risk management.
THE ROLE OF THE DATA PROTECTION OFFICER IN THE ORGANIZATION’S STRUCTURE
Authors: Kupny Weronika
Published: August 2019

Entry into force of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data and repealing Directive 95/46/ EC (General Data Protection Regulation) significantly changed the legal situation of information security administrators. The new institution is a data protection officer. The provisions of the regulation not only changed the name but also the requirements for the person who will perform it in the organization. The main task of the DPO is to provide expert support to the controller and the processor and to monitor compliance with the provisions on personal data protection in cooperation with the supervisory authorities. The importance of the DPO’s function has been strongly emphasized in recital 97 of the preamble to the GDPR. This means that the data protection officer is the person responsible
for acting in accordance with the data processing regulations. The independence of DPO is guarantee by its correct placement in the structure of the controller’s organization. As regards the employment of a DPO, the legislator left employers a large dose of freedom. Acquiring specialists dealing in the personal data protection in the company is possible by selecting several options. We can deal with the employment of a stationary specialist or an external consultant. Due to the very wide competence of the DPO, the legislator also provided for the possibility of commissioning the inspector’s tasks to a group of people or a department or an external company.
PUBLIC INTEREST AS A BASIC ELEMENT OF THE PROTECTIVE FUNCTION OF LABOR LAW - THE PROTECTION OF WHISTLEBLOWERS
Authors: Kobroń-Gąsiorowska Łucja
Published: August 2019

Whistleblowing is a key tool in fighting corruption and wrongdoing. This article is intended to present changes related to the understanding of the protective function of labor law in the context of protecting whistleblowers who report, in good faith, actual knowledge or suspicion of wrongdoing in both the private and public sectors. The author puts forward the thesis that protection of the public interest is a new and key element of the protective function of labor law.
AMENDMENTS TO THE TRADE UNIONS ACT AND THE RIGHT TO WORK
Authors: Łaguna Łukasz
Published: August 2019

On 1 January 2019, the amendment to the Trade Unions Act enters into force. It introduces a kind of revolution in the current system of employment law. The law extends the law of the trade union coalition, creating and joining union organizations for non-employees.Article 1 establishes a normative category of persons who perform paid work, including employees and persons providing work for remuneration on a basis other than the employment relationship. Thus, the legislator extends the statutory right of the trade union to persons who are not considered employees. In relation to the above, in the context of analyzing this legal act, it is not justified to use the traditional “labor law” as a too narrow term for the needs of new regulations. The term “employment law” appears in the latest publications of the doctrine as a broader term than the above. Finally, it should be noted that the effect of changes may be that people who work on a different basis than an employment contract and who have a number of the same rights as those working on a contract of employment may stop trying to conclude such a contract. And this will have a negative effect on the whole society, for example due to the lack of the possibility to enforce labor law functions.
The species of Ctenopelma Holmgren (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) from China
Authors: Sun Shu-Ping , Li Tao , Sheng Mao-Ling , Gao Chun
Published: August 2019

Eleven species of Ctenopelma Holmgren, 1857 are reported from China. Five species are new to science: C. labiatum Sheng, Sun & Li sp. nov., from Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, C. lii Sheng, Sun & Li sp. nov., from Liaoning province, C. rufofasciatum Sheng, Sun & Li sp. nov., reared from Cephalcia lariciphila (Wachtl, 1898) from Beijing, C. pineatum Sheng, Sun & Li sp. nov., reared from Acantholyda posticalis (Matsumura, 1912) and Cephalcia lariciphila from Beijing and Henan, Shanxi, Shan’xi, Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces, and C. spiraculare Sheng, Sun & Li sp. nov., reared from Cephalcia lariciphila from Henan and Shanxi provinces. One species, C. nigrum Holmgren, 1857, reared from Cephalcia lariciphila in Beijing, is a new record for China. Ctenopelma tomentosum (Desvignes, 1856) was reared from Neurotoma sibirica Gussakovskij, 1935 (new host record) in Liaoning province. A key to species of Ctenopelma known in China is provided.
O uso de geometria dinâmica e da investigação matemática na validação de propriedades geométricas
Authors: Barbosa Lucas de Souza , Meneghetti Cinthya Maria Schneider , Poffal Cristiana Andrade
Published: August 2019

Este artigo apresenta uma atividade sobre Geometria Espacial de posição usando o software GeoGebra, fundamentada na Investigação Matemática. A Geometria Dinâmica, através de softwares, torna-se uma ferramenta para a formação de uma imagem mental dos objetos abstratos e motivação para introduzir a ideia de justificar suas propriedades estudadas por meio de argumentos exteriores ao software. Aliada a Geometria Dinâmica, a Investigação Matemática norteia os possíveis caminhos para a construção de conjecturas e justificativas e enfatiza que, conjecturar e procurar propriedades são tão importantes quanto demonstrá-las, já que mostra a Matemática como um conhecimento em construção e favorece a evolução cognitiva da relação entre percepção e abstração. A atividade foi aplicada e observou-se que, a partir dela, o aluno consegue formular conjecturas e desenvolver habilidades de argumentação lógica e formal que são essenciais para construir entes geométricos a partir de suas propriedades.
Aplicações da Matriz Insumo-Produto em análises ambientais no Brasil: uma revisão sistemática de literatura
Authors: Castelao Raul Asseff , Souza Celso Correia de , Frainer Daniel Massen
Published: August 2019

Diversos fatores têm contribuído para o aumento da degradação ambiental do planeta. Entre eles, o aumento da população e, consequentemente, aumento da demanda por produtos e serviços, sendo considerado um dos principais fatores geradores de externalidades para o meio ambiente. De forma a identificar ferramentas para minimizar os níveis de degradação do meio ambiente, diversas iniciativas têm sido desenvolvidas de modo a descrever a relação da economia com o meio ambiente. Como sendo um destes instrumentos, a matriz insumo-produto possibilita a descrição da relação de interdependência dos setores de uma economia com o meio ambiente de forma mais específica.  Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi o de apresentar uma revisão sistemática de literatura (RSL) sobre o uso de matriz insumo-produto com enfoque a questões ambientais no Brasil. Para tanto, foi feito uma RSL em periódicos internacionais e nacionais de modo a: quantificar e analisar os estudos disponíveis que tratam da relação do meio ambiente e matriz insumo. Foi possível identificar a existência de 1.667 artigos que trabalham com a técnica de matriz insumo-produto e o meio ambiente, sendo que deste total, 19 estudos abordam essa temática para o Brasil entre os anos de 2000 a 2018.
Kolofon
Authors: Nielsen Hans Jørn
Published: August 2019

1. årgang, nr. 1, maj 2005ISSN 1604-7869© Forfatterne og Danmarks Biblioteksskole. Det er tilladt at kopiere frit til privat brug med tydelig kildeangivelse. Kopiering i større omfang til undervisningsbrug o.l. kan kun ske efter indhentning af forfatternes og Danmarks Biblioteksskoles tilladelse eller i henhold til kopieringsaftale med Copy-Dan.Redaktion: Hans Jørn Nielsen (ansvh.) Marianne Lykke Nielsen Camilla Moring Lennart BjörnebornRedaktører af dette nummer:  Camilla Moring  Lennart BjörnebornLayout: Bruno Kjær
Bibliotekshistorie: død eller dristig?
Authors: Skouvig Laura
Published: August 2019

Denne artikel belyser den bibliotekshistoriske forsknings status og formål internationalt og i Danmark. Ønsket er at skabe øget synlighed for og debat om bibliotekshistorien. Dette gør forfatteren med udgangspunkt i en række inspirerende artikler i tidsskrifterne The Library Quarterly og Library History. Disse artikler peger dels på nødvendigheden af en bredere teoretisk tilgang til den bibliotekshistoriske forskning, dels på en løsrivelse af bibliotekshistorien fra biblioteket som institution for i stedet at bruge betegnelsen information history. Den oversigt, der gives af den internationale forskning, har ikke som hensigt at give et fuldstændigt overblik, hvorfor den kun inddrager nyere tendenser. Ligeledes giver artiklen kun et overblik over den danske forsknings periodisering af folkebibliotekernes historie og konstruktionen af udviklingen som det bærende i historien. Artiklen konkluderer på denne baggrund, at bibliotekshistorien langt fra er død, hverken i Danmark eller i udlandet.
Fire veier til kvalitet. Informasjonssøking og kvalitetssikring i en digital skole
Authors: Høivik Tord
Published: August 2019

Denne artikkelen har et enkelt og praktisk buds kap. Kvalitetssikring av nettbaserte ressurser er en op p gave for voksne fagfolk, ikke for skole-elever og ferske studenter. I stedet for å satse på generell op p læring i informasjonssøking og kildekritikk, bør skolen sørge for konkret trening og støtte til gode praktiske rutiner i læringsarbeidet - som trenger en fornuftig balanse mellom trykte kilder, digitale res surser og voksen veiledning fra foreldre, lærere og bibliotekarer. I dag krever de voksne for mye av ele vene. Oppmerksomheten bør ikke rettes mot elevenes ferdigheter, men mot læringens kretsløp - altså orga niseringen av hele læringsprosessen i en hverdag der elevene har rik adgang til nettet og dets ressurser. Effektiv og engasjerende læring krever utviklingstil tak på mange nivåer samtidig - fra den enkelte elev, lærer, klasse og skole til de store nasjonale systeme ne og aktørene som produserer, formidler og tilret telegger læringsressurser for praksisfeltet.
Indekseringsprocessen: Konsistensmål til sammenligning af tilgange til emnebestemmelse og emnebeskrivelse
Authors: Philipson Karen Birgitte
Published: August 2019

Dette er første, overvejende kvantitative del, af et empirisk studie til belysning af indekseringsprocessen. De deltagende indeksører har beskrevet, hvordan de fandt frem til emner og tildelte emneord. Anden del er planlagt som en kvalitativ analyse af samme materiale. Et centralt spørgsmål er, hvorvidt forskellige overordnede indekseringstilgange resulterer i konstaterbare forskelle. To grupper indeksører indekserede samme tekst og beskrev processen. Første gruppe brugte fire tilgange, anden gruppe én tilgang hver. Indekseringerne blev sammenlignet gennem optælling og konsistensmål..Analysen viste generelt højere konsistens på emneniveau end på emneordsniveau. Anvendelse af en tesaurus gav lidt bedre konsistens end frit tildelte termer, men var vanskelig at bruge for de forholdsvis uerfarne indeksører.Undersøgelsen viste, at indeksørerne kunne følge de enkelte tilgange og at de resulterede i såvel forskellige emnebestemmelser som forskellige emnebeskrivelser
Folkebibliotekernes brugerbilleder. Fire forestillinger om brugeren
Authors: Johannsen Carl Gustav
Published: August 2019

Artiklen indeholder en analyse af bibliotekssektorens forestillinger om brugeren fra ca. 1960 til i dag. Med afsæt i eksisterende forskning præsenterer artiklen forskellige teoretiske referencerammer til analyse af brugerforestillinger og giver et bud på, hvordan eksisterende analyser kan videreudvikles. Særligt kan fremhæves, at artiklen præsenterer offerrollen som en for sin tid central forestilling, og at den ligeledes peger på nyere dansk forskning om kulturelitens udvikling som en væsentlig nøgle til forståelse af offerrollens storhed og fald i dansk biblioteksvæsen. Endelig peger artiklen på centrale økonomiske udviklingsprincipper som et væsentligt grundlag for en periodisering og som supplement til eksisterende IT-orienterede struktureringsprincipper. Artiklen bygger ikke på indgående empiriske analyser, men er at opfatte som et forstudie med henblik på udvikling af en teoretisk referenceramme til sådanne konkrete undersøgelser.
Eksisterer folkebibliotekerne om 10 år?
Authors: Hjørland Birger
Published: August 2019

ANMELDELSE:Huymans, Frank & Hillebrink,Carlien (2008). Thefuture of the Dutch public library: ten years on. TheHague: Netherlands Institute for Social Research.(Engelsk oversættelse af: De openbare bibliotheektien jaar van nu). ISBN: 9789037703801. Kan bestil-les som bog eller frit downloades fra: http://www.scp.nl/dsresource?objectid=19797&type=org
The Future of Research and the Research Library. A Report to DEFF
Authors: Bawden David
Published: August 2019

ANMELDELSE:Hans Siggaard Jensen (2009). The Future of Research and the Research Library. København: The Lime Guild & DEFF.
Et andet hjem. Kvindelig Læseforenings historie 1872-1962
Authors: Worsøe-Schmidt Lisbeth
Published: August 2019

ANMELDELSE: Helle Hvenegaard-Lassen: Et andet hjem. KvindeligLæseforenings historie 1872-1962. Museum Tusculanums Forlag og Det Kongelige Bibliotek, Serie:Danish Humanist Text and Studies. Kbh. 2008. 480sider, rigt illustreret.
Folkbibliotek makt och disciplinering. En genealogisk studie av folkbiblioteksområdet under den organiserade moderniteten
Authors: Rydbeck Kerstin
Published: August 2019

ANMELDELSE: Andersson, Dan (2009) Folkbibliotek makt och disciplinering: en genealogisk studie av folkbiblioteksområdet under den organiserade moderniteten. Doktorsavhandlingar från Pedagogiska institutionen, nr 163. Stockholm:  Stockholms universitet. 228 s. ISBN 978 91 7155 951 7. Finns även fritt tillgänglig i fulltext via SwePub: http://swepub.kb.se
Kompetencer i forskningsbibliotekerne i historisk og aktuel belysning. Udviklingsbehov i perspektiv af digitaliseringen
Authors: Hjørland Birger
Published: August 2019

Artiklen optrækker nogle udviklingslinjer i bibliotekarers,  forskningsbibliotekarers og informationsspecialisters uddannelse, kvalifikationer og kompetencer og diskuterer disse i relation til udviklingstendenserne i forskningsbibliotekernes arbejdsopgaver. Et sæt af mulige fremtidige arbejdsområder diskuteres i lyset af digitaliseringen: a) materialevalg, b) dokumentbeskrivelse med deskriptive og administrative metadata c) Emneindeksering og klassifikation d) referencearbejde og dokumentation e) fagspecifik undervisning i informationssøgning og informationskompetence f) konstruktion af fagportaler g) kommunikation med relevante fagmiljøer, herunder publikationsstøtte h) metavidenskabelig forskning samt i) det samfundspolitiske arbejde omkring bl.a. ’sikring affri og lige adgang til information og viden’. For hver af disse mulige arbejdsopgaver diskuteres de kompetencer, der skal være til stede for at udføre opgaverne kvalificeret, herunder behovet for faglig specialistviden, for informationsvidenskabelig viden og for IT-viden. Hovedkonklusionen er, at disse vidensformer ikke kan kombineres på en ydre facon, men i vidtomfang må integreres i de personer, der skal udføre arbejdsopgaverne. Implikationer for informationsvidenskabelig uddannelse belyses.
Förändrade föreställningar om folkbibliotek? En diskursanalytisk studie av biblioteksdebatter i svenska medier från 1970 till och med 2009
Authors: Hedemark Åse
Published: August 2019

I föreliggande artikel redovisas samt diskuteras de resultat som min avhandling från 2009. Det föreställda folkbiblioteket. En diskursanalytisk studie av biblioteksdebatter i svenska medier 1970−2006 visar på. I avhandlingen studeras ett antal debatter om folkbibliotek och fokus ligger på att identifiera vilka föreställningar om folkbibliotek som framkommer i de offentliga samtal som äger rum i media. Utifrån ett diskursanalytiskt angreppssätt analyseras vilka som är de mest framträdande debattörerna i olika biblioteksdebatter och också vilka intressen som ligger bakom den argumentation om folkbibliotek som förs fram i media under perioden 1970–2006. Syftet med denna artikel är således att redovisa studien,diskutera vilka föreställningar om folkbibliotek som dominerar den massmediala framställningen samt vilka eventuella konsekvenser det kan få. Jag analyserar i denna artikel också en relativt ny biblioteksdebatt från 2009 och sätter denna i relation till debatterna under de tidigare decennierna.
Young women choosing contraceptives : Stories about information literacy practices related to evaluation and use of information sources
Authors: Eckerdal Johanna Ivano
Published: August 2019

I artikeln presenteras delresultat från ett doktorandprojekt om informationskompetenspraktiker i svenskt vardagsliv: unga kvinnors (18-23 år) informationskompetenspraktiker när de väljer preventivmedel.Syftet är att förstå de unga kvinnornas perspektiv som det kommer till uttryck i deras berättelser om val och värdering av informationskällor om preventivmedel.
Kolofon
Authors: Schreiber Trine
Published: August 2019

7. årgang, nr. 2/3, udgivet november 2011 ISSN 1604-7869 ISSN (online) 1901-1040 © Forfatterne og Det Informationsvidenskabelige Akademi (tidl. Danmarks Biblioteksskole). Det er tilladt at kopiere frit til privat brug med tydelig kildeangivelse. Kopiering i større omfang til undervisningsbrug o.l. kan kun ske efter indhentning af forfatternes og IVA’s tilladelse eller i henhold til kopieringsaftale med Copy-Dan.Redaktion: Helene Høyrup (ansvh.) Jette Hyldegård Trine Schreiber Redaktør af dette nummer: Trine Schreiber Layout: Bruno Kjær Illustrationer til dette nummer: Jesper Dalgaard
Comparison of the Chemical Compositions of Two Different Non-polar Extracts of Heliotropium sudanicum Aerial Parts from Sudan
Authors: El-Kamali Hatil H. , A. Tawfig Alaa , Kordofani Maha A. Y.
Published: August 2019

Aim: Heliotropium (Boraginaceae) is a widely spread genus of plants found in the Central and Northern parts in the Sudan and used for the treatment of inflammations, and rheumatism from ancient times. The aim of this work is to provide answers to impending research questions on compounds present in petroleum ether and n-hexane extracts of the aerial parts of H. sudanicum.

Methodology: Phytochemical analysis of plant extracts was performed by using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometer. Various constituents were identified after matching their mass fragmentation pattern with data available in Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometer library of National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST).

Results: Petroleum ether extract of H. sudanicum was characterized by abundance of 1,6,10,14,18,22- Tetracosahexaen-3-ol, 2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyl-, (all-E)- (33.99%), Squalene (20.94%) , Phytol (7.62%)  and Hexatriacontane (7.49%). The constituents of the extract were fatty acid derivatives (15.24%), hydrocarbons (8.41%) and terpenoids (28.56%). H. sudanicum n-hexane extract was characterized by abundance of 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-,methyl ester (15.14%), 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester (14.67%), Cholesterol (11.12%),  Fucosterol (10.30%), gamma.-Sitosterol (9.59%) and1,6,10,14,18,22- Tetracosahexaen-3-ol,  2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyl-, (all-E)- (7.73%).

Conclusion: The resulted compounds in this study provide evidence for the utilization of the plant as alternative natural resource of medicinal and industrial interest. To best of our knowledge this is the first report that directly compares the two extraction solvents for active compounds from Heliotropium  sudanicum aerial parts shows that petroleum ether should be the solvent of choice.
An Assessment of the Implications of the Major Socio-economic Characteristics of the Construction Skilled Labor on Effective Delivery of Electricity Power Project in the South Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Ikechukwu Uche Felix
Published: August 2019

Provision of adequate power has been a long time problem in Nigeria. It has negatively affected the socio-economic condition of the society. In an effort to address this deplorable situation, the power sector has been transformed by various political administrations from one form to another over time yet, electricity supply and delivery of Electricity Power Project (EPP) have not been effective. The study therefore seeks to improve on power supply services by way of assessing the implications of the major socio-economic characteristics of the construction skilled labor on effective delivery of EPP in the south eastern states of Nigeria. Field survey method of data collection targeted on the skilled labor of the power sector and the active electricity consumers in the study area was adopted, on a mutually exclusive order. An inferential statistical approach of polynomial regression analyses was used to establish model relationships existing between the skilled labor determinants (age of experience, availability, educational qualification, remuneration and training/retraining) as the independent variables and the different functions of effective EPP delivery (steady supply of electricity, fair charges on electricity consumption, and swift response to complaints and faults) as the dependent factors respectively. Findings show that the significant predictive (independent) variables remaining in the three final models tested for adequacy have positive influences on the models; with remuneration and training determinants common and strongest in their effects on the models. Age of experience and availability of the labor determinants however are in addition contained only in the model for fair charges on electricity consumption, and model for swift response to complaints and faults respectively. It is therefore recommended to all stakeholders in the power sector to align efforts with the power authority in engaging workers on need based training programmes regularly, as well as review upwards and appropriately the workers remunerations so as to boost generally the human capacity industrial base knowledge, motive and comfort; towards effective delivery of EPP in the study area.
Gross Hematuria and Prostatic Cancer in Libyan Patients
Authors: Elhony Abdsalme , El. Darat Tarik , Elkawafi Raouf , Ramse Walid , Alzaghad Adem Ibrahim , Sheriff Dhastagir Sultan
Published: August 2019

Aim: Gross hematuria due to prostate cancer is an important clinical presentation and it is necessary to collect, analyze and determine certain criteria and data in the diagnosis and management of prostatic cancer. The aim of the present study is to find out the frequency of gross hematuria and to correlate it with gross hematuria and serum Prostatic Specific Antigen (PSA).in prostatic cancer patients.

Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was done in patients diagnosed with prostatic cancer in Hawari center for urology in Benghazi Libya from 2011 up to 2017.  60 cases were taken for the present study. The data such as age of the patient, first complaint such as gross hematuria, serum PSA  levels, histopathology result, the types of therapy received (medical or surgical) were analyzed from these Libyan patients.

Results: 25 percent cases in the present study had gross hematuria and there was positive correlation between gross hematuria, serum PSA levels and Gleason score.

Conclusion: The result of this study indicate that the presentation of hematuria is not uncommon in prostate cancer. Therefore, it may be necessary to estimate serum PSA levels and do digital rectal examination (DRE) for men aged between 50-70 years old for early diagnosis and management of prostate cancer.
Graphene Modified Multifunctional Personal Protective Clothing
Authors: Bhattacharjee Shovon , Joshi Rakesh , Chughtai Abrar Ahmad , Macintyre Chandini Raina
Published: August 2019

Personal protective clothing is intended to protect the wearer from various hazards (mechanical, biological, chemical, thermal, radiological, etc.) and inhospitable environmental conditions that may cause harm or even death. There are various types of personal protective clothing, manufactured with different materials based on hazards and end user requirements. Conventional protective clothing has impediments such as high weight, bulky nature, lack of mobility, heat stress, low heat dissipation, high physical stress, diminishing dexterity, diminishing scope of vision, lack of breathability, and reduced protection against pathogens and hazards. By virtue of the superlative properties of graphene, fabrics modified with this material can be an effective means to overcome these limitations and to improve properties such as mechanical strength, antibacterial activity, flame resistance, conductivity, and UV resistance. The limitations of conventional personal protective equipment are discussed, followed by necessary measures which might be taken to improve personal protective equipment (PPE), the unique properties of graphene, methods of graphene incorporation in fabrics, and the current research status and potential of graphene‐modified performance textiles relevant to PPE.
Graphene Oxide Films Prepared Using Gelatin Nanofibers as Wearable Sensors for Monitoring Cardiovascular Health
Authors: Liu Yang , Meng Fanjin , Zhou Yingtang , Mugo Samuel M. , Zhang Qiang
Published: August 2019

A gelatin nanofiber film that shows a failure tensile stress of 35 MPa, much stronger than conventional polyacrylamide hydrogels (<0.2 MPa), tough double network hydrogels (0.2–1.0 MPa), some engineering plastics such as polyethylene films (16 MPa) and polysulfones (1–10 MPa), is prepared by electrospinning. It is processed into a graphene oxide film, which exhibits high conductivity, via a high‐temperature treatment. A simple approach to prepare graphene oxide films using gelatin is provided. A highly sensitive and responsive wearable sensor is fabricated using the graphene oxide film, which is capable of sound recognition, apexcardiogram recording, and pulse spectrum measurement. The apexcardiogram is strongly associated with hemodynamic cardiac health, which reflects the cardiac process of ventricular contraction, blood ejection, diastole, semilunar valve open/close, atrioventricular valve valve open/close, etc. The developed cardiac sensor could be used to measure arterial stiffness index, a derivative of pulse spectrum, useful to evaluate artery walls stiffness and health status. Using the developed sensor, the detection result can be wirelessly relayed to mobile devices for personal cardiac health monitoring.
Complex patterns of grooming and sexual activity in Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus)
Authors: Lhota Stanislav , Roubová Veronika , Gregorová Vendula , Konečná Martina
Published: August 2019

Grooming in primates is often considered a “currency” that can be exchanged for other “services” or “commodities” such as reciprocal grooming, coalitionary support, infant handling, tolerance around food sources, active food sharing, or mating opportunities. Previous studies on primate grooming‐for‐sex exchange viewed the males as the demanding class, with the females as suppliers of mating opportunities. In this study, we examine the broader context of grooming‐for‐mating exchange in Barbary macaques in Gibraltar. Our data show that Barbary macaque males groom females with whom they are mating more frequently and for longer periods than other females, and the relationship between grooming and mating remains significant in both sexual and nonsexual contexts. In addition, females groomed males with whom they were mating more frequently and for longer periods than other males. In both sexes, grooming was observed to be far more frequent and to occur for longer durations in sexual compared to nonsexual contexts. We did not find any difference in grooming behavior between presexual and postsexual contexts. Our data suggest that there is no simple model to describe Barbary macaque grooming patterns in sexual contexts. Although our results are partly consistent with male use of grooming as payment for mating, broadly assessed grooming‐mating patterns cannot be solely explained by a male‐driven grooming‐for‐mating exchange.
NIR‐II Driven Plasmon‐Enhanced Catalysis for a Timely Supply of Oxygen to Overcome Hypoxia‐Induced Radiotherapy Tolerance
Authors: Yang Yue , Chen Mei , Wang Bingzhe , Wang Peng , Liu Yongchun , Zhao Yan , Li Kun , Song Guosheng , Zhang Xiao‐Bing , Tan Weihong
Published: August 2019

Hypoxia, as a characteristic feature of solid tumor, can significantly adversely affect the outcomes of cancer radiotherapy (RT), photodynamic therapy, or chemotherapy. In this study, a strategy is developed to overcome tumor hypoxia‐induced radiotherapy tolerance. Specifically, a novel two‐dimensional Pd@Au bimetallic core–shell nanostructure (TPAN) was employed for the sustainable and robust production of O2 in long‐term via the catalysis of endogenous H2O2. Notably, the catalytic activity of TPAN could be enhanced via surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect triggered by NIR‐II laser irradiation, to enhance the O2 production and thereby relieve tumor hypoxia. Thus, TPAN could enhance radiotherapy outcomes by three aspects: 1) NIR‐II laser triggered SPR enhanced the catalysis of TPAN to produce O2 for relieving tumor hypoxia; 2) high‐Z element effect arising from Au and Pd to capture X‐ray energy within the tumor; and 3) TPAN affording X‐ray, photoacoustic, and NIR‐II laser derived photothermal imaging, for precisely guiding cancer therapy, so as to reduce the side effects from irradiation.
Dearomatization of Electron‐Deficient Phenols to ortho‐Quinones: Bidentate Nitrogen‐Ligated Iodine(V) Reagents
Authors: Xiao Xiao , Greenwood Nathaniel S. , Wengryniuk Sarah E.
Published: August 2019

Despite their broad utility, the synthesis of ortho‐quinones remains a significant challenge, in particular, access to electron‐deficient derivatives remains an unsolved problem. Reported here is the first general method for the synthesis of electron‐deficient ortho‐quinones by direct oxidation of phenols. The reaction is enabled by a novel bidentate nitrogen‐ligated iodine(V) reagent, a previously unexplored class of compounds which we have termed Bi(N)‐HVIs. The reaction is extremely general and proceeds with excellent regioselectivity for the ortho over para isomer. Functionalization of the ortho‐quinone products was examined, resulting in a facile one‐pot synthesis of catechols, as well as the incorporation of a variety of heteroatom nucleophiles. This method represents the first synthetic application of Bi(N)‐HVIs and demonstrates their potential as a platform for the further development of highly reactive, but also highly tunable, I(V) reagents.
Hochfester Aufbeton zur Tragwerksverstärkung
Authors: Randl Norbert , Steiner Martin , Peyerl Martin
Published: August 2019

In Kleinkörper‐ und Bauteilversuchen mit unterschiedlichen Prüfkörperformen und Test‐Setups wurde das Verbundtragverhalten in Fugen zwischen höherfestem Aufbeton (HSC) und normalfestem Altbeton (NSC) untersucht. Der Fokus lag hierbei auf der adhäsiven Verbundschubfestigkeit. In der 1. Versuchsserie wurden ausschließlich Kleinkörper getestet. Die Untersuchung des Bauteiltragverhaltens (Teil 2) stand in der 2. Versuchsserie im Vordergrund und ergänzend zur Absicherung der Ergebnisse der 1. Versuchsserie wurden weitere Kleinkörperversuche mit einer verbesserten Rezeptur (bessere Verarbeitbarkeit und Festigkeitserhöhung) des HSC durchgeführt. Zusätzlich wurden Kleinkörper mit Normalaufbeton zum Vergleich hergestellt. Die Ergebnisse der Kleinkörper – für sich betrachtet – zeigten ein konsistentes Bild mit relativ geringen Streuungen innerhalb einer Prüfkörperform und Rauigkeitskategorie. Die geänderte und verbesserte Betonrezeptur spiegelt sich in den Ergebnissen wider. Insgesamt wurden mit dem hochfesten Aufbeton deutlich höhere Verbundfestigkeitswerte erzielt als mit normalfestem Beton.
Therapeutic effects of Crocin in autoimmune diseases: A review
Authors: Korani Shahla , Korani Mitra , Sathyapalan Thozhukat , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: August 2019

The immune system when acts against selfmolecules results in an imbalance in immunologic tolerance leading to the development of several autoimmune diseases (ADs) such as rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, ulcerative colitis, type 1 diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. Improved recognition of the mechanisms of ADs has led to the advancement of the management of these diseases. The principal mediators of ADs are inflammatory molecules. The herbal medicines due to their antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties have an important role in the management of ADs. Crocin is the principal chemical component extracted from saffron, which is a medicinal plant. This review focuses on the therapeutic effects of Crocin in various ADs.
Combined dissolved oxygen tension and online viscosity measurements in shake flask cultivations via infrared fluorescent oxygen‐sensitive nanoparticles
Authors: Ladner Tobias , Flitsch David , Lukacs Mihaly , Sieben Michaela , Büchs Jochen
Published: August 2019

Oxygen supply is one of the most critical process parameters in aerobic cultivations. To assure sufficient oxygen supply, shake flasks are usually used in combination with orbital shaking machines. In this study, a measurement technique for the dissolved oxygen tension (DOT) in shake flask cultures with viscosity changes is presented. The movement of the shaker table is monitored by means of a Hall effect sensor. For DOT measurements, infrared fluorescent oxygen‐sensitive nanoparticles are added to the culture broth. The position of the rotating bulk liquid needs to be determined to assure measurements inside the liquid. The leading edge of the bulk liquid is detected based on the fluorescence signal intensity of the oxygen‐sensitive nanoparticles. Furthermore, online information about the viscosity of the culture broth is acquired due to the detection of the position of the leading edge of the bulk liquid relative to the direction of the centrifugal force, as described by Sieben et al. (2019. Sci. Rep., 9, 8335). The DOT measurement is combined with a respiration activity monitoring system which allows for the determination of the oxygen transfer rate (OTR) in eight parallel shake flasks. Based on DOT and OTR, the volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (kLa) is calculated during cultivation. The new system was successfully applied in cultivations of Escherichia coli, Bacillus licheniformis, and Xanthomonas campestris.
Light‐inducible flux control of triosephosphate isomerase on glycolysis in Escherichia coli
Authors: Senoo Sachie , Tandar Sebastian Tommi , Kitamura Sayaka , Toya Yoshihiro , Shimizu Hiroshi
Published: August 2019

An engineering tool for controlling flux distribution on metabolic pathways to an appropriate state is highly desirable in bioproduction. An optogenetic switch, which regulates gene expression by light illumination is an attractive on/off switchable system, and is a promising way for flux control with an external stimulus. We demonstrated a light‐inducible flux control between glycolysis and the methylglyoxal (MGO) pathway in Escherichia coli using a CcaS/CcaR system. CcaR is phosphorylated by green light and is dephosphorylated by red light. Phosphorylated CcaR induces gene expression under the cpcG2 promoter. The tpiA gene was expressed under the cpcG2 promoter in a genomic tpiA deletion strain. The strain was then cultured with glucose minimum medium under green or red light. We found that tpiA messenger RNA level under green light was four times higher than that under red light. The repression of tpiA expression led to a decrease in glycolytic flux, resulting in slower growth under red light (0.25 hr
−1) when compared to green light (0.37 hr
−1). The maximum extracellular MGO concentration under red light (0.2 mM) was higher than that under green light (0.05 mM). These phenotypes confirm that the MGO pathway flux was enhanced under red light.
Construction of pancreas–muscle–liver microphysiological system (MPS) for reproducing glucose metabolism
Authors: Lee Dong Wook , Lee Seung Hwan , Choi Nakwon , Sung Jong Hwan
Published: August 2019

Although in vitro models are widely accepted experimental platforms, their physiological relevance is often severely limited. The limitation of current in vitro models is strongly manifested in case of diseases where multiple organs are involved, such as diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Microphysiological systems (MPS), also known as organ‐on‐a‐chip technology, enable a closer approximation of the human organs and tissues, by recreating the tissue microenvironment. Multiorgan MPS, also known as multiorgan‐on‐a‐chip or body‐on‐a‐chip, offer the possibility of reproducing interactions between organs by connecting different organ modules. Here, we designed a three‐organ MPS consisting of pancreas, muscle, and liver, to recapitulate glucose metabolism and homeostasis by constructing a mathematical model of glucose metabolism, based on experimental measurement of glucose uptake by muscle cells and insulin secretion by pancreas cells. A mathematical model was used to modify the MPS to improve the physiological relevance, and by adding the liver model in the mathematical model, physiological realistic glucose and insulin profiles were obtained. Our study may provide a methodological framework for developing multiorgan MPS for recapitulating the complex interaction between multiple organs.
Norwegian moratorium on transanal total mesorectal excision
Authors: Larsen S G , Pfeffer F , Kørner H
Published: August 2019

A national decision
Potential synaptic plasticity‐based Shenzhiling oral liquid for a SAD Mouse Model
Authors: Wang Yahan , Wang Pengwen , Chen Fang , Lulu Mana , Huang Shuaiyang , Liu Zhenhong
Published: August 2019

Background

Synaptic plasticity is the basis of memory formation. The pathological manifestations of abnormal glucose metabolism in the nervous system of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (SAD) may affect synaptic plasticity, thus causing memory damage. As a traditional Chinese medicine compound preparation, the mechanism by which Shenzhiling (SZL) oral liquid can alleviate the cognitive impairment of SAD by improving synaptic plasticity remains unclear. Objective: This article mainly discusses whether SZL can exert a protective synaptic effect as mediated by glutamate receptors and glycogen synthesis kinase 3β (GSK3β); further, it discusses whether SZL can improve cognitive function in SAD.

Methods

C57BL/6 mice were used as a SAD model after injection with streptozotocin (STZ) into the bilateral lateral ventricles; mice of the same background were injected with artificial cerebrospinal fluid into bilateral ventricles and were used as a control group. After 3 months of exposure to the intervention, the step‐down test was carried out. Western blot was used to detect the levels of NMDAR2B, p‐NMDAR2B, mGlu5, GSK3β, and p‐GSK3β in the hippocampus of mice. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to observe the number of GSK3β‐positive cells in the CA1 region of mouse hippocampus.

Results

The memory retention ability of mice was significantly improved after 3 months of SZL treatment, and the expression levels of NMDAR2B, mGlu5, and GSK3β were significantly changed.

Conclusion

Shenzhiling provides a potential for the treatment for SAD with traditional Chinese medicine.
Melatonin ameliorates cuprizone‐induced reduction of hippocampal neurogenesis, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, and phosphorylation of cyclic AMP response element‐binding protein in the mouse dentate gyrus
Authors: Kim Woosuk , Hahn Kyu Ri , Jung Hyo Young , Kwon Hyun Jung , Nam Sung Min , Kim Jong Whi , Park Joon Ha , Yoo Dae Young , Kim Dae Won , Won Moo‐Ho , Yoon Yeo Sung , Hwang In Koo
Published: August 2019

Introduction

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cuprizone on adult hippocampal neurogenesis in naïve mice. Additionally, we also studied how melatonin affects the neuronal degeneration induced by cuprizone.

Methods

Eight‐week‐old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups: (a) the control group, (b) the group treated with cuprizone only, and (c) the group treated with both cuprizone and melatonin. Cuprizone was administered with food at 0.2% ad libitum for 6 weeks. Melatonin was also administered with tap water at 6 g/L ad libitum for 6 weeks; the animals were then euthanized for immunohistochemistry with Ki67, doublecortin (DCX), glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3), and phosphorylation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) response element binding (pCREB); double immunofluorescence of neuronal nuclei (NeuN) and myelin basic protein (MBP); and Western blot analysis of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression to reveal the effects of cuprizone and melatonin on cell damage and hippocampal neurogenesis.

Results

Administration of cuprizone significantly decreased the number of differentiating (DCX‐positive) neuroblasts and proliferating (Ki67‐positive) cells in the dentate gyrus. Moreover, cuprizone administration decreased glucose utilization (GLUT3‐positive cells) and cell transcription (pCREB‐positive cells and BDNF protein expression) in the dentate gyrus. Administration of melatonin ameliorated the cuprizone‐induced reduction of differentiating neuroblasts and proliferating cells, glucose utilization, and cell transcription.

Conclusion

The results of the study suggest that cuprizone treatment disrupts hippocampal neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus by reducing BDNF levels and decreasing the phosphorylation of CREB. These effects were ameliorated by melatonin treatment.
Rapid ventricular pacing during transcatheter valve procedures using an internal device and programmer: A demonstration of feasibility
Authors: Jones Brandon M. , Jobanputra Yash , Krishnaswamy Amar , Mick Stephanie , Bhargava Mandeep , Wilkoff Bruce L. , Kapadia Samir R.
Published: August 2019

Objectives

To develop a protocol for using a pre‐existing, permanent pacemaker or defibrillator device for rapid ventricular pacing during transcatheter valve procedures and demonstrate feasibility.

Background

Placement of a passive fixation, temporary pacemaker wire is considered routine during most transcatheter valve procedures to facilitate controlled or rapid ventricular pacing at the time of balloon expansion or valve deployment. Many patients presenting for such procedures have a pre‐existing, permanent pacemaker or defibrillator device which could be used for the same function, obviating the need for temporary pacemaker wire placement.

Methods

We developed a strategy for rapid pacing from the pre‐existing device using a programmer during transcatheter valve procedures in consecutive patients over a 3‐month period. Complications and clinical outcomes were recorded.

Results

There were 135 transcatheter valve procedures performed during the study. Of these, 28 (20.7%) had pre‐existing devices (17 transcatheter aortic valve replacement, 3 aortic valve‐in‐valve, 2 mitral valve‐in‐valve, and 6 balloon aortic valvuloplasty). All patients underwent rapid ventricular pacing using a commercially available device programmer. There were no adverse events related to device pacing and no patients required placement of a temporary pacemaker wire during the procedure. At 30‐days follow‐up, there were no deaths, one major vascular complication related to arterial access, and one patient with renal failure requiring dialysis.

Conclusion

Pacing from a commercially available device programmer is safe, feasible, and may reduce both procedural cost and complications such as cardiac tamponade by avoiding placement of a temporary pacemaker lead during transcatheter valve procedures.
Promoting Effect and Mechanism of Alkali Na on Pd/SBA‐15 for Room Temperature Formaldehyde Catalytic Oxidation
Authors: Xiang Ning , Hou Yaqin , Han Xiaojin , Li Yulin , Guo Yaoping , Liu Yongjin , Huang Zhanggen
Published: August 2019

Room temperature HCHO catalytic oxidation over inert support loaded Pd catalysts remains a significant challenge. Herein, a series of alkali Na (1–4 wt.%) modified 1Pd/SBA‐15 catalysts were prepared by a co‐impregnation method and used for HCHO catalytic oxidation at room temperature. Results showed that alkali Na significantly improved the HCHO oxidation performance of 1Pd/SBA‐15 and the optimal Na loading was 2 wt.%. BET, XRD, STEM, XPS, H2‐TPR, O2‐TPD and in situ DRIFTS were performed to reveal the promotion role of alkali Na. As a consequence, alkali Na addition could stabilize well dispersed Pd particles which then facilitated the O2 activation and accelerated the decomposition of formate intermediates species, thus a superior HCHO catalytic oxidation performance was obtained. This study first clearly illustrated the promotion mechanism of alkali Na without the implication of active support and provides an efficient and facile way to achieve high dispersion of Pd particles on inert support and tremendously expands the selected range of supports for room temperature HCHO catalytic oxidation.
Multiple‐Porphyrin Functionalized Hexabenzocoronenes
Authors: Martin Max M. , Lungerich Dominik , Hampel Frank , Langer Jens , Ronson Tanya K. , Jux Norbert
Published: August 2019

Porphyrin–hexabenzocoronene architectures serve as good model compounds to study light‐harvesting systems. Herein, the synthesis of porphyrin functionalized hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronenes (HBCs), in which one or more porphyrins are covalently linked to a central HBC core, is presented. A series of hexaphenylbenzenes (HPBs) was prepared and reacted under oxidative coupling conditions. The transformation to the respective HBC derivatives worked well with mono‐ and tri‐porphyrin‐substituted HPBs. However, if more porphyrins are attached to the HPB core, Scholl oxidations are hampered or completely suppressed. Hence, a change of the synthetic strategy was necessary to first preform the HBC core, followed by the introduction of the porphyrins. All products were fully characterized, including, if possible, single‐crystal XRD. UV/Vis absorption spectra of porphyrin‐HBCs showed, depending on the number of porphyrins as well as with respect to the substitution pattern, variations in their spectral features with strong distortions of the porphyrins’ B‐band.