bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic variation and superior provenances selection for wood properties of Larix olgensis at four trials
Authors: Zhang Heng , Zhang Shikai , Chen Shuopeng , Xia Dean , Yang Chuanping , Zhao Xiyang
Published: January 2022

Larix olgensis, one of the most important timber species in northeastern China, is used for paper making and construction. In this study, 10 wood properties (wood density, fiber length, fiber width, fiber length- to width ratio, hemicellulose content, cellulose content, holocellulose content, lignin content, ash content, and carbon content) of 10 provenances of L. olgensis planted at sites of CuoHai (CH), JiaGeDaQi (JGDQ), LiangShui (LS), and Mao’erShan (MES) were analyzed. The results of ANOVA showed that almost traits differed significantly among locations and provenances, with a significant interaction effect. Each trait also differed significant among provenances within sites. The phenotypic and genetic coefficient of variation (PCV and GCV) and provenance heritability (H2) for wood properties ranged from 1.122 to 27.365%, from 0.564% to 21.113% and from 0.332 to 0.996, respectively. A correlation analysis showed that wood density was significantly negatively correlated with cellulose content and holocellulose content at sites CH, JGDQ, and LS, but were significantly positively correlated at site MES. Wood density was significantly negatively correlated with lignin content at CH and JGDQ, but not at LS and MES. Fiber width (FW) was negatively correlated with the ratio of fiber length (FL) to width across sites, and FW and FL/W were all positively correlated with FL. Lignin content was significantly positively correlated with hemicellulose content at site JGDQ and significantly negatively correlated with cellulose content and with holocellulose content at site MES. Interestingly, carbon content was positively correlated with cellulose content and holocellulose content at CH, but negatively correlated with these two traits at site MES. In a correlation analysis of wood properties with geographic, soil and climatic characteristics at the four sites, wood properties were mainly correlated with latitude and altitude of the site and affected by the average annual precipitation and temperature simultaneously. To select superior pulpwood provenances and high carbon storage provenances, we selected the two best provenances with excellent wood properties for each location based on a multi-trait comprehensive evaluation, which can be used as the preferred materials for the establishment of large-scale plantations in specific locations.
Sensor-integrated structures in mechanical engineering: challenges and opportunities for mechanical joining processes
Authors: Al-Baradoni Nassr , Groche Peter
Published: January 2022

In recent years, the trend to extend the functionality of passive metallic structures in mechanical engineering through sensor integration has emerged. This trend is driven by the growing demand for monitoring and/or control approaches. Current state of the art sensory structures and machine elements are successfully produced by integrating sensors into metallic structures using various joining techniques. However, the widespread implementation of sensory structures and machine elements has a long way to go to be achieved. For this purpose, the sensory structures must be produced not only as standardized components, but also cost-effectively with flexible configuration of the sensory characteristics and the integration of associated electronics. This paper provides an overview of the latest joining technologies for sensory structures. A discussion of the features of each joining technique will be given. In view of the importance of force/torque measurement in load-bearing structures and machine elements, an overview will be provided on the advantages and challenges of joining processes that substitute electromechanical transducers with optical non-contact measurement techniques.
Pornography Use, Gender, and Sexual Objectification: A Multinational study
Authors: Willis Malachi , Bridges Ana J. , Sun Chyng
Published: January 2022

Pornography promotes sexual objectification by depicting people as bodies that are used primarily for sexual gratification. Across various methodologies, previous research has found positive associations between pornography use and sexually objectifying attitudes. However, there remains a need for multinational data collections to assess potential cross-cultural differences. In the present study, we collected data from heterosexual participants in four countries: Germany (n = 640), Korea (n = 799), Taiwan (n = 488), and the United States (n = 888). Using multigroup structural equation modeling, we found that gender and pornography use were significantly associated with sexually objectifying behaviors in each country evaluated. Specifically, people who more frequently watch pornography were more likely to endorse engaging in types of sexual objectification. Because these four countries were relatively homogenous regarding gender inequality, future studies should collect data from more diverse countries to investigate potential moderating effects of related cultural variables on the association between pornography use and sexual objectification.
Fluorine-Doped Hard Carbon as the Advanced Performance Anode Material of Sodium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Kong Lingchen , Li Yu , Feng Wei
Published: January 2022

F-doping hard carbon (F–HC) was synthesized through a mild fluorination at temperature at relative low temperature as the potential anode for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). The F-doping treatment to HC expands interlayer distance and creates some defects in the graphitic framework, which has the ability to improve Na+ storage capability through the intercalation and pore-filling process a simultaneously. In addition, the electrically conductive semi-ionic C–F bond in F–HC that can be adjusted by the fluorination temperature facilitates electron transport throughout the electrode. Therefore, F–HC exhibits higher specific capability and better cycling stability than pristine HC. Particularly, F–HC fluorinated at 100 °C (F–HC100) delivers the reversible capability of 343 mAh/g at 50 mAh/g, with the Coulombic efficiency of 78.13%, and the capacity retention remains as 95.81% after 100 cycles. Moreover, the specific capacity of F–HC100 returns to 340 mAh/g after the rate capability test demonstrates its stability even at high current density. The enhanced specific capacity of F–HC, especially at low-voltage region, has the great potential as the anode of SIBs with high energy density.
Some Geometric Properties of Nonparametric $$\mu $$-Surfaces in $$\pmb {{\mathbb {R}}}^3$$
Authors: Bildhauer Michael , Fuchs Martin
Published: January 2022

Smooth solutions of the equation$$\begin{aligned} {\text {div}}\, \Bigg \{ \frac{g'\big (|\nabla u|\big )}{|\nabla u|} \nabla u \Bigg \} = 0 \end{aligned}$$div{g′(|∇u|)|∇u|∇u}=0are considered generating nonparametric$$\mu $$μ-surfaces in$${\mathbb {R}}^3$$R3, whenevergis a function of linear growth satisfying in addition$$\begin{aligned} \int _0^\infty s g''(s) \mathrm{d}s < \infty . \end{aligned}$$∫0∞sg′′(s)ds<∞.Particular examples are$$\mu $$μ-elliptic energy densitiesgwith exponent$$\mu > 2$$μ>2(see Bildhauer and Fuchs in Rend Mat Appl 22(7):249–274, 2003) and the minimal surfaces belong to the class of 3-surfaces. Generalizing the minimal surface case we prove the closedness of a suitable differential form$${\hat{N}}\wedge \mathrm{d}X$$N^∧dX. As a corollary we find an asymptotic conformal parametrization generated by this differential form.
The interaction of history and STEM learning goals in teacher-developed curriculum materials: opportunities and challenges for STEAM education
Authors: Park Wonyong , Cho Hohee
Published: January 2022

Although the integration of subjects in the curriculum has been advocated in recent years, there exist limited opportunities for teachers of different subjects to implement integrated curricula in schools collaboratively. In this paper, we consider history as a humanities subject that could be integrated with STEM and explore the diverse history-related learning goals found in teacher-developed STEAM curriculum materials. Using integrated STEAM curricula developed by 13 cross-subject teacher teams in Korea, we analyze the presentation of history-related learning goals in the curricula and report several patterns identified across the curricula. First, the majority of the curricula aimed for the learners to identify themselves in their regional and national histories, but other levels of identification were also aimed for. Second, all the curricula included goals related to historical analysis skills, which were sometimes integrated with scientific inquiry skills. Third, we found several goals related to eliciting students’ moral response to history, particularly when the curriculum topic concerned issues at the national level. Fourth, the integration of subjects allowed for exhibiting learners’ historical understanding through various activities and in explanatory, persuasive, and imaginative manners. Overall, the analysis pointed to several ways in which the goals of history learning can interact with those of STEM learning, which can be useful for future research and practice in integrated curriculum. We discuss some potential challenges of integrating history with STEM, such as issues that can arise from the use of the “nation” as a context for STEAM learning.
What is an emergency? Neonicotinoids and emergency situations in plant protection in the EU
Authors: Epstein Yaffa , Chapron Guillaume , Verheggen François
Published: January 2022

Actions potentially harmful to the environment that are otherwise illegal are sometimes permitted in cases of emergency. How to define an emergency can therefore be both controversial and highly consequential. In this article, we explore one such contemporary controversy: when the use of neonicotinoid pesticides, banned in the EU, can nevertheless be granted an emergency authorization. We analyse several questions, currently before the EU Court of Justice in the ongoing Pesticide Action Network Europe and Others case, that will determine the scope of an “emergency” in the context of derogating from the Pesticide Regulation, and that may impact how “emergencies” are defined in other legal contexts. We argue that the circumstances do not support a legal finding that emergency authorization is justified in this case, and that, in general, “emergencies” must be narrowly defined when justifying measures that involve risks to human health and the environment.
Classical vs. non-Archimedean analysis: an approach via algebraic genericity
Authors: Fernández-Sánchez J. , Maghsoudi S. , Rodríguez-Vidanes D. L. , Seoane-Sepúlveda J. B.
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we show new results and improvements of the non-Archimedean counterpart of classical analysis in the theory of lineability. Besides analyzing the algebraic genericity of sets of functions having properties regarding continuity, discontinuity, Lipschitzianity, differentiability and analyticity, we also study the lineability of sets of sequences having properties concerning boundedness and convergence. In particular we show (among several other results) the algebraic genericity of: (i) functions that do not satisfy Liouville’s theorem, (ii) sequences that do not satisfy the classical theorem of Cèsaro, or (iii) functionals that do not satisfy the classical Hahn–Banach theorem.
Time-based evaluation of bioavailable phosphorus in a calcareous soil after the application of anaerobically digested sewage sludge
Authors: Cristina G. , Camelin E. , Garofalo S. Fraterrigo , Salomone F. , Pugliese M. , Gullino M. L. , Tommasi T. , Fino D.
Published: January 2022

Nowadays, phosphorus natural reserves are being depleted, while P fertilizers demand is increasing. Phosphorus is well contained in waste materials such as sewage sludge. Only a small amount (1–3%) of the soil total phosphorus is bioavailable for plant nutrition. More in detail, the present study focuses on the determination of the kinetics of bioavailable phosphorus concentrations in a sandy calcareous soil after the application of sewage sludge. A centrifuged (C) and dried (D) anaerobic digestate from sewage sludges obtained from the same wastewater treatment plan were separately tested to fertilize a calcareous sandy soil. Falcon tubes (50 mL) containing negative control (T) and soil treated with C and D were incubated from 1 to 90 days. Soil phosphorus fractionation was performed with the SMT method and bioavailable-P was extracted through the Olsen method. Phosphorus was spectrophotometrically quantified by the molybdovanadate method. Lastly, kinetics of bioavailable-P on soils were evaluated using four kinetic models. Phosphorus fractions were constant throughout the experiment. Conversely, the bioavailable-P significantly decreased from day 1 to day 90 in C treatment (from 34.9 ± 2.9 to 23.8 ± 1.5 ppm) and T treatment (from 4.2 ± 1.2 to 0.3 ± 0.6 ppm). This decrease might be due to the precipitation of P with calcium; in fact, high concentration of Ca2+ ions and the alkaline soil pH can induce the sequential formation of calcium phosphates, even less soluble over time. Whereas D treatment showed a peak of bioavailable-P concentration on day 14 (26.6 ± 3.0). This trend could be due to organic carbon compounds, competitive sorption and metal bridging. The fitting of experimental data revealed that the Elovich model best described the adsorptive-precipitate process of bioavailable-P in T (r2 = 0.90) and C (r2 = 0.93). Conversely, none of the models satisfactorily described the behavior of bioavailable-P in D samples. This study increases the knowledge on P-related phenomena for designing and optimizing fertilizers and reducing their drawbacks such as eutrophication.
Well-posedness for a stochastic 2D Euler equation with transport noise
Authors: Lang Oana , Crisan Dan
Published: January 2022

We prove the existence of a unique global strong solution for a stochastic two-dimensional Euler vorticity equation for incompressible flows with noise of transport type. In particular, we show that the initial smoothness of the solution is preserved. The arguments are based on approximating the solution of the Euler equation with a family of viscous solutions which is proved to be relatively compact using a tightness criterion by Kurtz.
Dynamic characteristics of a switch and crossing on the West Coast main line in the UK
Authors: Shih Jou-Yi , Weston Paul , Entezami Mani , Roberts Clive
Published: January 2022

Railway switches and crossings constitute a small fraction of linear track length but consume a large proportion of the railway track system maintenance budget. While switch and crossing (S&C) faults rarely prevent trains from running, switches and crossings are the source of many faults and need continual attention. On the rare occasions when trains are prevented from running the cost of the disruption is very high. Condition monitoring of the point operating equipment that moves the switchblades has been in use for many years but condition monitoring of the state of the switch in terms of the support and mechanical damage as trains pass over has only recently started to become possible. To this end, it is important to understand the correlation between S&C faults and sensor data that can detect those faults. This paper assesses some of the data collected from multiple sensors variously positioned on and around a switch and crossing on the UK mainline for a few days of normal train operation. Accelerometers, geophones, and strain gauges were installed at the locations where they were anticipated to be most useful. Forces at the load transfer point on the crossing nose were estimated from two separate strain gauge bridges and possible use of acceleration on the crossing is discussed. Correlations between different data are analysed and assessed and correlation between peak estimated load transfer forces and accelerations is presented. Based on the analysis, conclusions are drawn about the different types of dynamic information around S&Cs that can be obtained from a variety of sensor types.
SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-associated subacute thyroiditis: insights from a systematic review
Authors: Ippolito S. , Gallo D. , Rossini A. , Patera B. , Lanzo N. , Fazzino G. F. M. , Piantanida E. , Tanda M. L.
Published: January 2022

Purpose

To perform a systematic review on published cases of subacute thyroiditis (SAT) secondary to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, to highlight main features and increase the awareness of this condition.

Methods

Original reports of SAT developed after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (mRNA, viral vector, or inactivated virus vaccines) were retrieved from a search of electronic databases. Individual patient data on demographics, medical history, type of vaccine, workup and therapies were collected. Wilcoxon rank-sum, Kruskal–Wallis and chi-squared tests were employed for comparisons.

Results

30 articles including 48 reports were retrieved, 3 additional cases evaluated by the Authors were described and included for analysis. Of the 51 patients, 38 (74.5%) were women, median age was 39.5 years (IQR 34–47). Patients developed SAT after a median of 10 days (IQR 4–14) after the vaccine shot. Baseline thyroid exams revealed thyrotoxicosis in 88.2% of patients, decreasing at 31.6% at follow-up. Corticosteroids were used in 56.4% of treated patients. Patients undergoing non-mRNA vaccines were most frequently Asian (p = 0.019) and reported more frequently weight loss (p = 0.021). All patients with a previous diagnosis of thyroid disease belonged to the mRNA vaccine group.

Conclusion

SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-associated SAT is a novel entity that should be acknowledged by physicians. Previous history of thyroid disease may predispose to develop SAT after mRNA vaccines, but further studies and larger cohorts are needed to verify this suggestion. SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-associated SAT is usually of mild/moderate severity and could be easily treated in most cases, thus it should not raise any concern regarding the need to be vaccinated.
Self-Healing, Self-Adhesive and Stable Organohydrogel-Based Stretchable Oxygen Sensor with High Performance at Room Temperature
Authors: Liang Yuning , Wu Zixuan , Wei Yaoming , Ding Qiongling , Zilberman Meital , Tao Kai , Xie Xi , Wu Jin
Published: January 2022

With the advent of the 5G era and the rise of the Internet of Things, various sensors have received unprecedented attention, especially wearable and stretchable sensors in the healthcare field. Here, a stretchable, self-healable, self-adhesive, and room-temperature oxygen sensor with excellent repeatability, a full concentration detection range (0-100%), low theoretical limit of detection (5.7 ppm), high sensitivity (0.2%/ppm), good linearity, excellent temperature, and humidity tolerances is fabricated by using polyacrylamide-chitosan (PAM-CS) double network (DN) organohydrogel as a novel transducing material. The PAM-CS DN organohydrogel is transformed from the PAM-CS composite hydrogel using a facile soaking and solvent replacement strategy. Compared with the pristine hydrogel, the DN organohydrogel displays greatly enhanced mechanical strength, moisture retention, freezing resistance, and sensitivity to oxygen. Notably, applying the tensile strain improves both the sensitivity and response speed of the organohydrogel-based oxygen sensor. Furthermore, the response to the same concentration of oxygen before and after self-healing is basically the same. Importantly, we propose an electrochemical reaction mechanism to explain the positive current shift of the oxygen sensor and corroborate this sensing mechanism through rationally designed experiments. The organohydrogel oxygen sensor is used to monitor human respiration in real-time, verifying the feasibility of its practical application. This work provides ideas for fabricating more stretchable, self-healable, self-adhesive, and high-performance gas sensors using ion-conducting organohydrogels.
Ultra-Low-Dose Pre-Metallation Strategy Served for Commercial Metal-Ion Capacitors
Authors: Song Zirui , Zhang Guiyu , Deng Xinglan , Zou Kangyu , Xiao Xuhuan , Momen Roya , Massoudi Abouzar , Deng Wentao , Hu Jiugang , Hou Hongshuai , Zou Guoqiang , Ji Xiaobo
Published: January 2022

Highlights

Interfacial bonding strategy has been successfully applied to address the high overpotential issue of sacrificial additives, which reduced the decompositon potential of Na2C2O4 from 4.50 to 3.95 V.

Ultra-low-dose technique assisted commercial sodium ion capacitor (AC//HC) could deliver a remarkable energy density of 118.2 Wh kg−1 as well as excellent cycle stability.

In-depth decomposition mechanism of sacrificial compound and the relative influence after pre-metallation were revealed by advanced in situ and ex situ characterization approaches.

Sacrificial pre-metallation strategy could compensate for the irreversible consumption of metal ions and reduce the potential of anode, thereby elevating the cycle performance as well as open-circuit voltage for full metal ion capacitors (MICs). However, suffered from massive-dosage abuse, exorbitant decomposition potential, and side effects of decomposition residue, the wide application of sacrificial approach was restricted. Herein, assisted with density functional theory calculations, strongly coupled interface (M–O–C, M = Li/Na/K) and electron donating group have been put forward to regulate the band gap and highest occupied molecular orbital level of metal oxalate (M2C2O4), reducing polarization phenomenon and Gibbs free energy required for decomposition, which eventually decrease the practical decomposition potential from 4.50 to 3.95 V. Remarkably, full sodium ion capacitors constituted of commercial materials (activated carbon//hard carbon) could deliver a prominent energy density of 118.2 Wh kg−1 as well as excellent cycle stability under an ultra-low dosage pre-sodiation reagent of 15–30 wt% (far less than currently 100 wt%). Noteworthily, decomposition mechanism of sacrificial compound and the relative influence on the system of MICs after pre-metallation were initially revealed by in situ differential electrochemical mass spectrometry, offering in-depth insights for comprehending the function of cathode additives. In addition, this breakthrough has been successfully utilized in high performance lithium/potassium ion capacitors with Li2C2O4/K2C2O4 as pre-metallation reagent, which will convincingly promote the commercialization of MICs.
Data-Based Interpretable Modeling for Property Forecasting and Sensitivity Analysis of Li-ion Battery Electrode
Authors: Liu Kailong , Peng Qiao , Li Kang , Chen Tao
Published: January 2022

Lithium-ion batteries have become one of the most promising technologies for speeding up clean automotive applications, where electrode plays a pivotal role in determining battery performance. Due to the strongly-coupled and highly complex processes to produce battery electrode, it is imperative to develop an effective solution that can predict the properties of battery electrode and perform reliable sensitivity analysis on the key features and parameters during the production process. This paper proposes a novel tree boosting model-based framework to analyze and predict how the battery electrode properties vary with respect to parameters during the early production stage. Three data-based interpretable models including AdaBoost, LPBoost, and TotalBoost are presented and compared. Four key parameters including three slurry feature variables and one coating process parameter are analyzed to quantify their effects on both mass loading and porosity of battery electrode. The results demonstrate that the proposed tree model-based framework is capable of providing efficient quantitative analysis on the importance and correlation of the related parameters and producing satisfying early-stage prediction of battery electrode properties. These can benefit a deep understanding of battery electrodes and facilitate to optimizing battery electrode design for automotive applications.
Deep Neural Network Based Real-Time Intrusion Detection System
Authors: Thirimanne Sharuka Promodya , Jayawardana Lasitha , Yasakethu Lasith , Liyanaarachchi Pushpika , Hewage Chaminda
Published: January 2022

In recent years, due to the rapid growth in network technology, numerous types of intrusions have been uncovered that differ from the existing ones, and the conventional firewalls with specific rule sets and policies are incapable of identifying those intrusions in real-time. Therefore, that demands the requirement of a real-time intrusion detection system (RT-IDS). The ultimate purpose of this research is to construct an RT-IDS capable of identifying intrusions by analysing the inbound and outbound network data in real-time. The proposed system consists of a deep neural network (DNN) trained using 28 features of the NSL-KDD dataset. In addition, it contains the machine learning (ML) pipeline with sequential components for categorical data encoding and feature scaling, which is used before transmitting the real-time data to the trained DNN model to make predictions. Moreover, a real-time feature extractor, which is a C++ program that sniffs data from the real-time network traffic and derives relevant data related to the features of the NSL-KDD dataset using the sniffed data, is deployed between the gateway router and the local area network (LAN). Together with the trained DNN model, the ML pipeline is hosted in a server that can be accessed via a representational state transfer application programming interface (REST API). The DNN has revealed outstanding testing performance results achieving 81%, 96%, 70% and 81% for accuracy, precision, recall and f1-score accordingly. This research comprises a comprehensive technical explanation concerning the implementation and functionality of the complete system. Moreover, leveraging the extensive explanations provided in this paper, advanced IDSs capable of identifying modern intrusions can be constructed.
Latitude, Elevation, and Mean Annual Temperature Predict Peat Organic Matter Chemistry at a Global Scale
Authors: Verbeke Brittany A. , Lamit Louis J. , Lilleskov Erik A. , Hodgkins Suzanne B. , Basiliko Nathan , Kane Evan S. , Andersen Roxane , Artz Rebekka R. E. , Benavides Juan C. , Benscoter Brian W. , Borken Werner , Bragazza Luca , Brandt Stefani M. , Bräuer Suzanna L. , Carson Michael A. , Charman Dan , Chen Xin , Clarkson Beverley R. , Cobb Alexander R. , Convey Peter , Pasquel Jhon del Águila , Enriquez Andrea S. , Griffiths Howard , Grover Samantha P. , Harvey Charles F. , Harris Lorna I. , Hazard Christina , Hodgson Dominic , Hoyt Alison M. , Hribljan John , Jauhiainen Jyrki , Juutinen Sari , Knorr Klaus‐Holger , Kolka Randall K. , Könönen Mari , Larmola Tuula , McCalley Carmody K. , McLaughlin James , Moore Tim R. , Mykytczuk Nadia , Normand Anna E. , Rich Virginia , Roulet Nigel , Royles Jessica , Rutherford Jasmine , Smith David S. , Svenning Mette M. , Tedersoo Leho , Thu Pham Q. , Trettin Carl C. , Tuittila Eeva‐Stiina , Urbanová Zuzana , Varner Ruth K. , Wang Meng , Wang Zheng , Warren Matt , Wiedermann Magdalena M. , Williams Shanay , Yavitt Joseph B. , Yu Zhi‐Guo , Yu Zicheng , Chanton Jeffrey P.
Published: January 2022

Peatlands contain a significant fraction of global soil carbon, but how these reservoirs will respond to the changing climate is still relatively unknown. A global picture of the variations in peat organic matter chemistry will aid our ability to gauge peatland soil response to climate. The goal of this research is to test the hypotheses that (a) peat carbohydrate content, an indicator of soil organic matter reactivity, will increase with latitude and decrease with mean annual temperatures, (b) while peat aromatic content, an indicator of recalcitrance, will vary inversely, and (c) elevation will have a similar effect to latitude. We used Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy to examine variations in the organic matter functional groups of 1034 peat samples collected from 10 to 20, 30–40, and 60–70 cm depths at 165 individual sites across a latitudinal gradient of 79°N–65°S and from elevations of 0–4,773 m. Carbohydrate contents of high latitude peat were significantly greater than peat originating near the equator, while aromatic content showed the opposite trend. For peat from similar latitudes but different elevations, the carbohydrate content was greater and aromatic content was lower at higher elevations. Higher carbohydrate content at higher latitudes indicates a greater potential for mineralization, whereas the chemical composition of low latitude peat is consistent with their apparent relative stability in the face of warmer temperatures. The combination of low carbohydrates and high aromatics at warmer locations near the equator suggests the mineralization of high latitude peat until reaching recalcitrance under a new temperature regime.
Uncertainties of GRACE‐Based Terrestrial Water Storage Anomalies for Arbitrary Averaging Regions
Authors: Boergens Eva , Kvas Andreas , Eicker Annette , Dobslaw Henryk , Schawohl Lennart , Dahle Christoph , Murböck Michael , Flechtner Frank
Published: January 2022

The application of terrestrial water storage (TWS) data observed with GRACE and GRACE‐FO often requires realistic uncertainties. For gridded TWS data, this requires the knowledge of the covariances, which can be derived from the formal, i.e., formally estimated in the parameter estimation, variance‐covariance matrix provided together with the Stokes coefficients. However, the propagation of monthly variance‐covariance matrices to TWS data is computationally expensive, so we apply a spatial covariance model for TWS data. The covariance model provides non‐homogeneous (location depending), non‐stationary (time depending), and anisotropic (orientation depending) covariances between any two given points. Further, the model accommodates wave‐like behavior of East‐West‐directed covariances, which residuals of GRACE striping errors can cause. The main application of such spatial covariances is the estimation of uncertainties for mean TWS time series for arbitrary regions such as river basins. Alternatively, regional uncertainties can be derived from the above mentioned formal variance‐covariance matrices of the Stokes coefficients. This study compares modeled basin uncertainties for GFZ RL06 and ITSG‐Grace2018 TWS data with the formal basin uncertainties from the ITSG‐Grace 2018 solution. The modeled and formal uncertainties fit both in the spatial and temporal domain. We further evaluate the modeled uncertainties by comparison to empirical uncertainties over arid regions. Here, again the appropriateness of the modeled uncertainties is shown. The results, namely the TWS uncertainties for global river basins, are available via the GravIS portal. Further, we provide a Python toolbox, which allows computing uncertainties and covariance matrices.
The Evolution of Ancient Fluvial Systems in Memnonia Sulci, Mars: Impact Crater Damming, Aggradation, and a Large Water Body on the Dichotomy?
Authors: Davis Joel M. , Aranos Liliana , Dickeson Zachary I. , Fawdon Peter
Published: January 2022

There is conflicting evidence for an ancient ocean which occupied the northern hemispheric basin on Mars. Along different regions of the dichotomy boundary, sediment fans have been interpreted as either forming into a large water body or a series of smaller paleolake basins. Here, we investigate fluvial systems in the Memnonia Sulci region of Mars, set along the dichotomy, which comprise erosional valley networks, paleolake basins, inverted channel systems, and sediment fans. We focus our analysis on the evolution of the upslope catchment and characterizing the ancient environment of a large, downslope basin, bound by the topographic dichotomy and the Medusae Fosse Formation. The catchment fluvial systems comprise highly degraded valley networks and show a complex history of incision and filling, influenced by paleolake basin overflow, impact crater damming, aggradation, and possibly a downstream water body. The morphology of the sediment fans is consistent with either fluvial fans or deltas and they form at discrete elevations, rather than a common elevation plane. Our analysis is consistent with the sediment fans forming into a series of paleolake basins set along the dichotomy, rather than into a large inner sea or ocean‐sized water body. The fluvial systems were likely active between the mid Noachian and early Hesperian periods. Our results demonstrate the complex, multi‐phase evolution of fluvial systems on ancient Mars and highlight the importance of regional and local studies when characterizing ancient regions of the dichotomy.
Renal denervation for atrial fibrillation: a comprehensive updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nawar Khaled , Mohammad Ahmed , Johns Edward J. , Abdulla Mohammed H.
Published: January 2022

The study aims to compare clinical outcomes following renal denervation (RDN) in hypertensive patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Three online databases were searched (MEDLINE, EMBASE and PubMed) for literature related to outcomes of RDN on hypertension and AF, between January 1, 2010, and June 1, 2021. Where possible, risk ratios (RR) and mean differences (MD) were combined using a random effects model. Significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Seven trials were included that assessed the effect of adding RDN to pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) in patients with hypertension and AF. A total of 711 patients (329 undergoing PVI + RDN and 382 undergoing PVI alone), with an age range of 56 ± 6 to 68 ± 9 years, were included. Pooled analysis showed a significant lowering of AF recurrence in the PVI + RDN (31.3%) group compared to the PVI-only (52.9%) group (p < 0.00001). Pooled analysis of patients with resistant hypertension showed a significant mean reduction of systolic blood pressure (SBP) (−9.42 mm Hg, p = 0.05), but not diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (−4.11 mm Hg, p = 0.16) in favor of PVI + RDN. Additionally, the pooled analysis showed that PVI + RDN significantly improved estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (+10.2 mL/min per 1.73 m2, p < 0.001) compared to PVI alone. RDN procedures in these trials have proven to be both safe and efficacious with an overall complication rate of 6.32%. Combined PVI and RDN is beneficial for patients with hypertension and AF. Combined therapy showed improvement in SBP and eGFR, reducing the risk of AF recurrence. RDN may serve as an innovative intervention in the treatment of AF.
Histone H3 dopaminylation in ventral tegmental area underlies heroin-induced transcriptional and behavioral plasticity in male rats
Authors: Fulton Sasha L. , Mitra Swarup , Lepack Ashley E. , Martin Jennifer A. , Stewart Andrew F. , Converse Jacob , Hochstetler Mason , Dietz David M. , Maze Ian
Published: January 2022

Persistent transcriptional events in ventral tegmental area (VTA) and other reward relevant brain regions contribute to enduring behavioral adaptations that characterize substance use disorder. Recent data from our laboratory indicate that aberrant accumulation of the newly discovered histone post-translational modification (PTM), H3 dopaminylation at glutamine 5 (H3Q5dop), contributes significantly to cocaine-seeking behavior following prolonged periods of abstinence. It remained unclear, however, whether this modification is important for relapse vulnerability in the context of other drugs of abuse, such as opioids. Here, we showed that H3Q5dop plays a critical role in heroin-mediated transcriptional plasticity in midbrain regions, particularly the VTA. In rats undergoing abstinence from heroin self-administration (SA), we found acute and persistent accumulation of H3Q5dop in VTA. Attenuation of H3Q5dop during abstinence induced persistent changes in gene expression programs associated with neuronal signaling and dopaminergic function in heroin abstinence and led to reduced heroin-seeking behavior. Interestingly, the observed changes in molecular pathways after heroin SA showed significant yet reversed overlap with the same genes altered in cocaine SA. These findings establish an essential role for H3Q5dop, and its downstream transcriptional consequences, in heroin-induced functional plasticity in VTA.
METTL3 promotes intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma progression by regulating IFIT2 expression in an m6A-YTHDF2-dependent manner
Authors: Xu Qiong-Cong , Tien Yi-Chih , Shi Yin-Hao , Chen Siyun , Zhu Ying-Qin , Huang Xi-Tai , Huang Chen-Song , Zhao Wei , Yin Xiao-Yu
Published: January 2022

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation has recently been found involving in regulatory mechanism of the tumor progression. Our aim was to explore the biological function and clinical significance of the m6A methyltransferase METTL3 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). In this study, we revealed that METTL3 was upregulated and predicted poor prognosis of patients with ICC. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that METTL3 expression was an independent predictor for overall survival in patients with ICC. Moreover, METTL3 knockdown inhibited ICC progression, while METTL3 overexpression showed the opposite effect. METTL3 inhibitor STM2457 also showed anti-tumor effect in ICC. Mechanistically, METTL3 transcription was driven by H3K4me3 activation. Upregulation of METTL3 mediated m6A modification of IFIT2 mRNA and accelerated IFIT2 mRNA decay in a YTHDF2-dependent manner, which promoted the development of ICC and lead to poorer prognosis. In summary, our findings revealed that H3K4me3 activation-driven METTL3 transcription promotes ICC progression by YTHDF2-mediated IFIT2 mRNA degradation, suggesting that METTL3 may serve as a potential target for human ICC therapy.
Excellent catalytic properties of luminescent Cu@Cu2S nanozymes and their antibacterial applications
Authors: He Yuezhen , Yin Manyue , Sun Jian , Chen Jie , Jiao Kuimin , Wen Jiantao , Chen Yan , Wang Baojuan , Gao Feng , Wang Lun
Published: January 2022

The luminescent Cu@Cu2S nanozymes prepared by a one-pot method show enhanced catalytic properties in peroxidase- and oxidase-like catalysis and offer an opportunity to visualize the antibacterial process.
Copper(i) activation of C–X bonds: bimolecularvs.unimolecular reaction mechanism
Authors: Marcos-Ayuso Guillermo , Lledós Agustí , Casares Juan A.
Published: January 2022

Two monomeric copper(i) complexes participate in the activation of an Ar–I bond. One of them weakens the C–I bond, while the other inserts in the bond. Paradoxically, only one copper(i) complex participates in the breaking of stronger Ar–Br bonds.
Sustainable nitrogen fixation with nanosecond pulsed spark discharges: insights into free-radical-chain reactions
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Zong Lijun , Zeng Xin , Zhou Renwu , Liu Yun , Zhang Cheng , Pan Jie , Cullen Patrick J. , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken) , Shao Tao
Published: January 2022

Sustainable plasma-driven N2 oxidation for NOx formation by a nanosecond pulsed spark discharge is proposed to approach the zero-carbon emissions target with new insights into free-radical-chain reactions by kinetics modeling and optical diagnosis.
Smart DEA–QCGM–CNT hydrogels with temperature- and NIR-responsive behavior achieved by the synergy between CNT and QCGM for wound dressing
Authors: Zhong Qing , Li Gen , Long Hui , Zhang Jingxian , Deng Suiping , Huang Langhuan , Tan Shaozao
Published: January 2022

The multifunctional smart hydrogels with temperature and NIR light triggering CIP release to inactivate bacteria have considerable practicability in the fields of drug delivery and wound dressing.
ALD oxygen vacancy-rich amorphous Ga2O3 on three-dimensional urchin-like ZnO arrays for high-performance self-powered solar-blind photodetectors
Authors: Ni Dangwu , Wang Yijie , Li Aoshuang , Huang Lin , Tang Huili , Liu Bo , Cheng Chuanwei
Published: January 2022

A high-performance photoelectrochemical (PEC)-type heterojunction-driven solar-blind detector was constructed by atomic layer deposition (ALD) oxygen vacancy-rich amorphous Ga2O3 on three-dimensional urchin-like ZnO nanorod arrays (3D VO-Ga2O3/ZnO).
An efficient and straightforward approach for accessing thionoesters via palladium-catalyzed C–N cleavage of thioamides
Authors: Liu Yinbo , Mo Xiaofeng , Majeed Irfan , Zhang Mei , Wang Hui , Zeng Zhuo
Published: January 2022

This is the first example of the synthesis of a variety of thionoesters containing alkyl/aryl substituents using a palladium-catalyzed pathway to activate inert thioamide C–N bonds.
Realization of an anion insertion mechanism for high-rate electrochemical energy storage in highly crystalline few-layered potassium manganese dioxide nanosheets
Authors: Zhang Yifan , Zhang Shicong , Chen Zhang , Li Tao , Zhao Yaoyao , Huang Fuqiang , Lin Tianquan
Published: January 2022

Layered potassium manganese dioxide nanosheets as a cathode material exhibit unique anion insertion, evidenced by in situ XRD and EQCM measurements.
A flexible copper sulfide composite membrane with tunable plasmonic resonance absorption for near-infrared light-driven seawater desalination
Authors: An Lu , Wang Chengbin , Feng Qunfeng , Xu Zhenmin , Tian Qiwei , Chai Wei , Yang Shiping , Bian Zhenfeng
Published: January 2022

A flexible CuS/Matrimid composite membrane with tunable near-infrared absorption is constructed. The composite membrane exhibits good near-infrared light-driven photothermal vapor evaporation and seawater desalination effects.
Extensions of the locational marginal price theory in evolving power systems: A review
Authors: Tan Zhenfei , Cheng Tong , Liu Yuchen , Zhong Haiwang
Published: January 2022

The locational marginal price (LMP) theory is the foundation of nowadays electricity markets. With the rapid growth of intermittent renewable generation, new features are emerging in power systems, such as the uncertainty of power supply, the scarcity of flexibility, and the increase of distributed generation. In this situation, the electricity pricing scheme needs to be augmented with new features to meet requirements of incentive compatibility, cost causation‐awareness, revenue adequacy, and transparency in a new market environment. Though a broad spectrum of literature has investigated extensions of the LMP addressing different challenges, a panorama of these extension directions is absent. To this end, this paper provides a systematic review of existing LMP extension research from four aspects, including pricing with non‐convexity, pricing with multiple intervals, pricing with uncertainty, and pricing in distribution systems. These extension directions are derived from the impacts of the power system evolution on dispatch and pricing models. For each extension direction, the motivation and basic problem setup are introduced, followed by a critical survey of related research progress. Future directions and research gaps of the LMP extension are also indicated in this paper.
Hybrid frequency control strategies based on hydro‐power, wind, and energy storage systems: Application to 100% renewable scenarios
Authors: Sarasua José Ignacio , Martínez‐Lucas Guillermo , García‐Pereira Hilel , Navarro‐Soriano Gustavo , Molina‐García Ángel , Fernández‐Guillamón Ana
Published: January 2022

Over the last two decades, variable‐speed wind turbines (VSWTs) have gradually replaced conventional generation. However, the variable and stochastic nature of wind speed may lead to large frequency deviations, especially in isolated power systems with high wind energy integration, where this integration causes a lack of inertia. This paper proposes a hybrid hydro‐wind‐flywheel frequency control strategy for isolated power systems with 100% renewable energy generation, considering both variable wind and a generator tripping. VSWTs and flywheels include a conventional inertial frequency control. The frequency control strategy involves VSWTs rotational speed and State of Charge (SOC) of flywheels variations that may affect the wear and tear of mechanical elements and reduce the efficiency of the frequency control action. The hydro‐power controller also tracks the VSWTs' rotational speed deviation and the flywheel SOC to modify the generated power accordingly. This hybrid frequency strategy significantly reduces frequency excursions, the rotational speed deviations of VSWTs and the SOC of flywheels. To reduce the hydro‐power plants' wear, an additional control strategy is proposed by the authors and evaluated. Results from a case study based on an isolated power system located in El Hierro (Canary Islands, Spain) are included, and extensively discussed in the paper.
Study on the oscillation transmission paths in direct‐drive wind farm transmitted via flexible dc system based on dynamic energy flow
Authors: Ma Jing , Yang Zhenmiao , Zhou Yiqing , Jie Hetong , Cheng Peng
Published: January 2022

Concerning the sub‐synchronous oscillation induced by the interaction among wind power converter, flexible DC converter and multiple control links, a method to study the oscillation transmission path based on dynamic energy flow is proposed. First, the system is divided into several subsystems according to different control links, and the dynamic energy model of each subsystem is built by using the first integration method. Then, the energy flows induced by different control links are determined according to the corresponding oscillation components. On this basis, the intersection of energy flows in each dynamic energy model is defined as an energy converging point. Thus, the energy flows between different energy converging points are obtained, and the oscillation transmission path of the interconnected system between different subsystems is determined. Finally, combining the parameters of a real direct‐drive wind farm transmitted via flexible DC system, a test system is built in RT‐LAB for simulation verification. The results show that the proposed method can describe the oscillation transmission paths between different control links quantitatively, and reveal the control links that make against the stability of system. Besides, studying the energy distribution in the oscillation transmission paths can contribute to further research on the control parameter setting and energy suppression, and lay the theoretical foundation for the design of supplementary compensation branches.
Performance of the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool Associated with Muscle Mass Measurements and Handgrip to Screen for the Risk of Osteoporosis in Young Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Sonnenfeld Marina Martinelli , Pimentel Fernanda Lellis , Nasser Elizabeth Jeha , Pompei Luciano de Melo , Fernandes Cesar Eduardo , Steiner Marcelo Luis
Published: January 2022

Objective To evaluate the improvement in screening accuracy of the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) for the risk of developing osteoporosis among young postmenopausal women by associating with it clinical muscle mass measures.

Methods A sample of postmenopausal women was submitted to calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS), application of the FRAX questionnaire, and screening for the risk of developing sarcopenia at a health fair held in the city of São Bernardo do Campo in 2019. The sample also underwent anthropometric measurements, muscle mass, walking speed and handgrip tests. A major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) risk ≥ 8.5% on the FRAX, a classification of medium risk on the clinical guideline of the National Osteoporosis Guideline Group (NOGG), and a QUS T-score ≤ -1.8 sd were considered risks of having low bone mass, and QUS T-score ≤ -2.5sd, risk of having fractures.

Results In total, 198 women were evaluated, with a median age of 64 ±  7.7 years, median body mass index (BMI) of 27.3 ±  5.3 kg/m2 and median QUS T-score of −1.3 ±  1.3 sd. The accuracy of the FRAX with a MOF risk ≥ 8.5% to identify women with T-scores ≤ -1.8 sd was poor, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.604 (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 0.509–0.694) for women under 65 years of age, and of 0.642 (95%CI: 0.571–0.709) when age was not considered. Including data on muscle mass in the statistical analysis led to a significant improvement for the group of women under 65 years of age, with an AUC of 0,705 (95%CI: 0.612–0.786). The ability of the high-risk NOGG tool to identify T-scores ≤ -1.8 sd was limited.

Conclusion Clinical muscle mass measurements increased the accuracy of the FRAX to screen for osteoporosis in women aged under 65 years.