bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Faktor Penentu Niat Menggunakan Paylater Dengan Kepercayaan Sebagai Variabel Moderasi
Authors: Afandi Ahmad , Sari Dia Purnama , Fadhillah Annessa , Farizal Nando , Arif Muhammad
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study is to measure effort expectancy, habit, price value, hedonic motivation, and social influence on the intention to use paylater with trust as a moderating variable. This research is a descriptive quantitative type and data collection method using a questionnaire. This research involved a total of 100 respondents who were all residents of North Sumatra. Structural Equation Model (SEM) and SmartPLS are used in data analysis techniques to test hypotheses and identify factors that influence people's intention to use Paylater. The research findings show that the social influence variable has a positive and significant effect on the intention to use Paylater. Meanwhile, effort expectancy, habit, price value, and hedonic motivation have no effect on the intention to use Paylater. Then the trust variable cannot moderate effort expectancy, habit, price value, hedonic motivation and social influence on the intention to use Paylater, maybe because Paylater has several risks so that trust cannot moderate these variables. This proves that the people of North Sumatra who use paylater are due to social influences without thinking about anything that is at risk for the user. It is hoped that the results of this study can be used as a reference for prospective Paylater users in using them and become information for related institutions. This research is expected to be information in developing further research by adding risk variables that influence the intention to use Paylater.
Upaya Peningkatan Kemampuan Guru dalam Implementasi Kebijakan Merdeka Belajar di Pondok Pesantren
Authors: Pawero Abdul Muis Daeng , Luma Meiskyarti , Danial Zelan Tamrin , Salim Arhanuddin
Published: January 2023

Merdeka belajar merupakan kebijakan untuk memberikan kesempatan bagi sekolah, guru, dan peserta didik untuk berinovasi, berimprovisasi, dan bernegosiasi untuk belajar secara bebas, mandiri dan kreatif. Kebijakan merdeka belajar pertama kali diterapkan secara nasional pada tahun 2021 untuk memberikan ruang gerak kepada lembaga pendidikan khususnya guru-guru untuk melakukan inovasi dalam melaksanakan proses pendidikan di sekolah. Merdeka belajar merupakan suatu kondisi yang memberikan kepercayaan penuh kepada pihak sekolah, khususnya guru dan peserta didik dalam pembelajaran, sehingga peserta didik dapat berkembang secara optimal di bawah bimbingan guru. Merdeka belajar merupakan terobosan untuk menciptakan suasana belajar yang bebas dan menyenangkan, baik bagi peserta didik maupun para guru. Pelatihan implementasi kebijakan merdeka belajar ini, dilaksanakan di Pondok Pesantren Al-Luthfi Desa Lolanan Kecamatan Sangtombolang, Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Tujuan pelatihan implementasi merdeka belajar di pondok pesantren ini adalah memberikan bekal kemampuan secara paradigmatik kepada segenap unsur pondok pesantren al-luthfi serta keterampilan mengajar para guru di pondok pesantren terkait implementasi merdeka belajar pada satuan pendidikan dasar dan menengah, khususnya di pondok pesantren, serta meningkatkan motivasi guru di pondok pesantren dalam melaksanakan tugasnya dalam membangun paradigm pendidikan yang menyenangkan dalam rangka peningkatan mutu pendidikan di pondok pesantren. Dengan demikian, pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian dengan judul “Upaya Peningkatan Kemampuan Guru Dalam Implementasi Kebijakan Merdeka Belajar Di Pondok Pesantren Al-Luthfi Desa Lolanan Kecamatan Sangtombolang, Bolaang Mongondow” memberikan manfaat yang signifikan bagi peningkatan kemampuan guru dalam implementasi kebijakan merdeka belajar serta para santri di lingkungan pondok pesantren.
Interaksi Edukatif Guru PAI dalam Membangun Sikap Kesadaran Sosial Siswa di SD IT Nurul Islam
Authors: Wasito Wasito , Afif Rokhmad , Nursikin Mukh
Published: January 2023

Praktik pembelajaran PAI yang masih sering menitikberatkan pada persoalan-persoalan teoretis kognitif yang berkaitan dengan pengembangan nilai-nilai Islam dengan mengabaikan pengembangan aspek afektif dan kognitif-volatif, seperti kemauan dan tekad untuk mengamalkan nilai-nilai Islam, menjadi konteks bagi pembelajaran PAI. Akibatnya seringkali terjadi keterputusan antara bagaimana agama dipahami dan bagaimana agama itu dipraktikkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Banyak orang yang beragama secara individu saleh tetapi tidak saleh secara sosial. Penelitian lebih lanjut dilakukan pada interaksi edukatif guru PAI dan implementasinya terhadap sikap. Kesalehan sosial siswa berdasarkan masalah ini. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif berbasis sosiologi pendidikan. Observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi adalah semua metode pengumpulan data. Analisis kualitatif data penelitian meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, verifikasi, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Triangulasi data, atau triangulasi teknis, sumber, dan waktu, berfungsi sebagai uji validasi data penelitian. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan sebagai berikut: Pola interaksi pendidikan pertama yang digunakan guru PAI adalah pola interaksi satu arah. Guru PAI menggunakan metode ceramah untuk menerapkan pola interaksi satu arah ini.2) Pola interaksi dua arah, yang dilakukan melalui format tanya jawab oleh instruktur PAI.3) Guru PAI menggunakan metode pembelajaran diskusi kelompok dan berbagai kegiatan keagamaan yang berkaitan dengan kesalehan sosial sebagai bagian dari pola interaksi multi arah. Kedua, proses KBM PAI digunakan untuk mengimplementasikan interaksi edukatif guru PAI di SD IT Nurul Islam Tengaran, termasuk membiasakan siswa untuk berdoa terlebih dahulu. dan setelah pembelajaran, memahami materi pembelajaran sebelumnya, menguasai dan menyampaikan materi pembelajaran yang baik, menghubungkan dengan isu-isu masyarakat, menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang menyenangkan dengan bantuan media dan strategi pembelajaran, bersikap terbuka, inklusif, objektif, dan tidak diskriminatif terhadap siswa, dan memberikan evaluasi untuk mengukur pemahaman siswa terhadap materi pembelajaran. Di luar KBM PAI yaitu mengenalkan siswa pada ajaran Islam menanamkan nilai-nilai melalui kegiatan keagamaan berbasis sekolah.
Komunikasi Politik Kepala Daerah di Media Sosial (Studi pada Akun Facebook Anies Baswedan, Ridwan Kamil dan Ganjar Pranowo)
Authors: Habibi Mulkan , Muksin Nani Nurani , Kurniawan Donny , Perdanaraya Adetya
Published: January 2023

Penggunaan media sosial sebagai media komunikasi politik bagi kepala daerah sangat penting, karena media sosial memiliki jangkauan yang meliputi skala khalayak kecil dan khalayak global. Media sosial relatif lebih mudah digunakan karena tidak memerlukan keterampilan dan pelatihan khusus. Gubernur DKI Jakarta Anies Baswedan, Gubernur Jawa Barat Ridwan Kamil dan Gubernur Jawa Tengah Ganjar Pranowo saat ini cukup aktif menggunakan media sosial facebook. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat dari keaktifan membagikan pesan komunikasi politik pada postingan akun facebook. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pesan komunikasi politik yang dimunculkan dan gaya komunikasi politik ketiga kepala daerah pada postingan akun facebook masing-masing. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif tipe deskriptif dengan metode analisis isi. Analisis ini untuk membuat generalisasi dari pesan dan memberikan gambaran umum karakteristik dari suatu isi atau pesan. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa ketiga kepala daerah ini sangat aktif menggunakan media sosial facebook, terdapat 2 hingga 3 kali postingan yang dibagikan setiap hari nya. Pesan yang dibagikan diantaranya, kebijakan daerah, fasilitas publik milik daerah, aktifitas bersama dengan tokoh politik dalam dan luar negeri. Masing-masing kepala daerah memiliki gaya komunikasi politik yang berbeda, Anies Baswedan memiliki Bahasa yang formal dengan narasi yang panjang, Ridwan Kamil menggunakan gaya bahasa non formal dan disertai dengan campuran bahasa khas sunda dan bahasa pantun serta video yang menghibur. Ganjar Pranowo memiliki gaya komunikasi politik yang khas bahasa masyarakat Jawa dengan narasi yang sederhana dan singkat, namun aktifitas Ganjar Pranowo dikemas dengan video yang diedit dengan durasi yang singkat, lucu, menghibur dan terlihat ada kebersamaan dan hiburan yang dimunculkan.
Implementasi Nilai Agama dan Budaya dalam Upaya Memperkuat Moderasi Beragama di Sekolah Adat Ammatoa Kajang
Authors: Risfaisal Risfaisal , Haniah St.
Published: January 2023

ABSTRAKTergerusnya Pemahaman nilai-nilai budaya lokal pada siswa yang merupakan bagian dari nilai-nilai moderasi beragama telah mengakibatkan siswa menurunnya pemahaman budaya lokal sehingga sebahagian siswa kehilangan identitasnya para siswa sudah kehilangan rasa malu (siri?) dan rasa empati kepada negaranya (pacce?). Selain itu pula di era sekarang para remaja mengalami degradasi moral. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (i) Untuk mengetahui bagaimana peran sekolah adat ammatoa kajang dalam upaya penanaman nilai agama dan budaya pada guru dan siswa sebagai upaya memperkuat moderasi beragama (ii) Untuk mengetahui bagaimana implementasi nilai agama dan budaya pada guru dan siswa sebagai upaya memperkuat moderasi beragama. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang bertujuan memahami upaya implementasi nilai agama dan budaya dalam upaya memperkuat moderasi beragama di sekolah adat ammatoa kajang. Informan ditentukan secara purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi dan partisipatif. Teknik analisis data melalui berbagai tahap yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan, sedangkan teknik keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi sumber, teknik dan waktu.?Adapun hasil penelitian ini adalah bahwa siswa di Sekolah Adat Ammatoa Kajang perlu mendapatkan perhatian dari pihak sekolah yakni guru untuk mendapatkan edukasi penanaman nilai agama dan budaya sesuai mata pelajaran agama dan budaya berbasis moderasi agama yang dikonsepkan oleh kementerian agama. Upaya menanamkan nilai budaya yaitu 1) mengenalkan budaya-budaya yang ada di Indonesia melalui bacaan buku dan literasi digital 2) menceritakan nilai-nilai budaya lokal daerah 3) mengenalkan sejak dini budaya-budaya dari setiap daerah yang berbeda. Upaya menanamkan nilai keagamaan pada siswa dimulai dengan memberikan kepada mereka nilai-nilai yaitu: 1) nilai ketauhidan 2) nilai moral, dan (3) nilai akhlak/perilaku.
THE ROLE OF PRODUCTIVE ZAKAT IN REDUCING THE INCOME DISCREPANCY IN SOUTH KALIMANTAN PROVINCE
Authors: Asyahri Yusuf , Wafa Faqih El
Published: January 2023

This article aims to analyze the distribution of zakat funds, the impact of zakat funds on income, and the distribution of zakat in reducing income inequality in South Kalimantan Province. The analytical method used is the sample Paired t-test and the Lorenz Curve and Gini Ratio, with aÂ mixed method. The results of the study provide findings,Â First, the distribution of zakat funds toÂ MustahikÂ has gone through the stages of indicators including Goal Setting; Planning; Organizing; Staff Filling; Briefing; Supervision; Control; and Coordination.Â Second, distinguishing income before and after the existence of productive zakat assistance for economic empowerment.Â Third, the Gini coefficient shows that income inequality can be reduced by a reduction index of 0.1493 after the existence of productive zakat.Â Thus, it can be concludedÂ that there is a difference in income before and after the distribution of productive zakat for economic empowermentÂ andÂ income inequality can be reduced by a reduction index of 0.1493 after the existence of zakat.
PEMETAAN LOKASI PEMBUANGAN SAMPAH ILEGAL MENGGUNAKAN SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS KELURAHAN KAMBU KOTA KENDARI BERBASIS WEB
Authors: Tenriawaru Andi , Surimi La , Bahri Samsul , Saidi La Ode , Ransi Natalis , Hamundu Ferdinand Murni
Published: January 2023

This project intends to develop a web-based geographic information system design for mapping the location of illegal waste disposal, by taking the coordinates in Kambu Village, Kendari City. Kendari City is one of the cities that has a problem with illegal dumping sites. This is due to the large population, resulting in an increase in waste that is not managed properly. However, not all people, especially migrants, know the location of illegal waste disposal in Kambu Village. This system is intended to assist users by providing details of the distribution of illegal trash bins in Kambu Village. The waterfall technique is used for system development in this study. The process of designing information systems is easier to understand with this method. This technology can display a map of the distribution of illegal landfills. Black box testing and usability testing are used in the system testing process. According to the test findings, the system functions well and produces a usability value of 3.77 – 4.43.

Keywords:  GIS, waterfall, website, LPSI, Black box testing, and usability

 

ABSTRAK

Proyek ini bermaksud untuk membangun sebuah desain sistem informasi geografis pemetaan lokasi pembuangan sampah ilegal berbasis web, dengan mengambil titik koordinat di Kelurahan Kambu Kota Kendari. Kota Kendari termasuk kota yang memiliki masalah lokasi pembuangan sampah ilegal. Hal ini disebabkan oleh jumlah penduduk yang banyak sehingga mengakibatkan bertambahnya sampah yang tidak dikelola dengan baik. Namun, tidak semua masyarakat khususnya pendatang mengetahui lokasi pembuangan sampah ilegal yang ada di Kelurahan Kambu. Sistem ini dimaksudkan untuk membantu pengguna dengan memberikan rincian distribusi tempat sampah ilegal di Kelurahan Kambu. Teknik waterfall digunakan untuk pengembangan sistem pada penelitian ini. Proses perancangan sistem informasi lebih mudah dipahami dengan metode ini. Teknologi ini dapat menampilkan peta persebaran tempat pembuangan sampah ilegal. Black box testing dan usability Nielsen digunakan dalam proses pengujian sistem. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian diperoleh bahwa sistem berfungsi dengan baik dengan nilai usabilty sebesar 3.77 – 4.43.

 Kata kunci:  SIG, waterfall, website, LPSI, black box testing, dan usability
PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT DAN ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE DALAM MEMBENTUK OCCUPATIONAL COMMITMENT
Authors: Wibowo Danan Satriyo
Published: January 2023

Work is a form of self-actualization effort, where work requires support and a supportive environment so that the performance can be carried out productively and has a commitment to work, this condition cannot be separated from the existence of organizational support (perceived organizational support) and organizational climate ( organizational climate) which provides perceptions for employees at work and involvement in the work they do (occupational commitment. The purpose of this study is to reveal and explain how perceived organizational support (POS) and organizational climate in forming occupational commitment in the education profession (teachers and lecturers) and medical personnel (nurses). The method used is quantitative with a cross sectional survey design model, with a sample of educators (teachers and lecturers) and health workers (nurses). The results show that perceived organizational support affects on in forming occupational commitment. While the results of organizational climate research have no effect in forming occupational commitment. Perceived organizational support and organizational climate together have an influence in forming occupational commitment.
Analysis of Procurement and Demand for Raw Materials of Dried Fish Making Business in Bengkulu City
Authors: Sumantri Bambang , Sriyoto Sriyoto , Nabilasari Melysa
Published: January 2023

This study is intended to analyze the source of fresh fish and the quantity of fresh fish used in the business of making dried fish in Bengkulu City and analyze what factors affect the quantity of demand for fresh fish in the business of making dried fish in Bengkulu City. This research was conducted from January to February 2022 in Bengkulu City, more precisely, Sumber Jaya Village, Kampung Melayu District. The research location was determined purposively, and 86 dried fish makers were selected using the census method. The data used are primary and secondary, and the data analysis used is qualitative and quantitative. Sources of raw materials in dried fish are divided into three: self-catch, buy, and self-catch and buy. The largest percentage of sources of raw materials is to buy, where the place to get the most comes from fishermen directly. The quantity of raw material used is 10,563 Kg per production process. The factors that partially affect the quantity of demand for fresh fish by dried fish makers are the price of ice and the dummy of the business scale at the 95% confidence level.
Comparison of Palm Oil and Rice Business Feasibilities: Study of Land Function Conversion Lubuk Pinang District, Mukomuko Regency
Authors: Siagian Alex Robinson , Sukiyono Ketut , Reswita Reswita
Published: January 2023

This study aims to (1) analyze the level of financial and non-financial feasibility of oil palm and rice farming, (2) analyze the sensitivity level of oil palm and rice farming, (3) determine the comparability of the feasibility of oil palm and rice farming and to know what is the most profitable in Lubuk Pinang District, Mukomuko Regency, Bengkulu Province. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. The sampling of oil palm farmers in this study used a stratified random sampling technique, while the rice farmers used accidental sampling techniques. The data analysis technique used in this study is the analysis of the Present Net Value (NPV) and Net B / C Ratio. The results showed that from a financial perspective, oil palm and rice farming in Lubuk Pinang District, Mukomuko Regency, Bengkulu Province, were declared feasible to continue; this can be seen from the NPV and B / C Ratio values. The NPV value in oil palm farming is IDR 44,682,270.66, while the NPV in rice farming is IDR 168,218,082.21. The Net B / C Ratio in oil palm farming was 2.31, while the Net B / C Ratio value in rice farming was 6.94. From a non-financial perspective, oil palm and rice farming are considered feasible due to the availability of production factors for both farms, such as seeds, labor, and other production inputs.
Environmental Manipulations to Increase Hatching Rate of Catfish Eggs (Pangasius sp.): A Review
Authors: Waspodo Rubi Jalu
Published: January 2023

Catfish is the primary commodity of freshwater consumption fish that is widely cultivated with a high protein content of 68.6% and a high selling price. In addition, catfish meat is believed to be capable of preventing heart and cardiovascular disease because its unsaturated fats. Catfish skin can be used as a source of collagen in the culinary, cosmetic, and health fields. Catfish spawn all year round because of the abundance of food. The environment can help stimulate the synthesis of reproductive hormones in the reproductive activity of catfish. Environmental manipulations such as temperature, pH and salinity have different effects on the hatchability of catfish (Pangasius sp.) eggs. High temperatures can speed up the hatching time of the eggs but drop the hatching percentage and survival rate because high temperature activates the chorionase enzyme containing pseudokeratin which softens fish egg shells. In contrast to the pH treatment, a pH that is too acidic will deactivate the work of the chorionase enzyme so that the shells of fish eggs are difficult to break, resulting in a low percentage of hatching and survival rate with the longest hatching time. Salinity works by balancing the osmoregulatory pressure in the shell with the environment. A high salinity concentration can damage the egg by breaking into and swelling the eggshell, causing a low survival rate. On the other hand, eggs not treated with salinity were reported to have the lowest hatching percentage due to fungi attacking the eggs causing embryos to die. Salinity does not affect egg hatching time.
Weeds Associated with Papaya Plants (Carica Papaya L.) in Bengkulu
Authors: Marpaung Nia Kurniati , Sutrawati Mimi , Novanda Ridha Rizki , Ganefianti Dwi Wahyuni , Pamekas Tunjung
Published: January 2023

Papaya crops associated with weeds are commonly found in Kepahiang and Rejang Lebong district, Bengkulu. The presence of weeds can affect the development and productivity of papaya. Until now, the species and diversity of weeds associated with papaya crops have not been reported. This study aimed to identify and determine weed density around papaya crops. Sampling was conducted to measure and calculate weed density using the quadratic method measuring 1 m x 1 m. The data collection was done by randomly taking the weeds on the plots at as many as 10 points. Based on the result of weed identification, there were 16 species of weeds spread over 9 families. The calculation of the highest relative density in Padang Lekat, Durian Depun Village, and Dua Jalur Road was Ageratum conyzoides (0,584%), Claytonia perfoliata (0,306%), and Eleusine indica (0,274%).
Pertumbuhan dan Frekuensi Panen Tanaman Cabai Merah pada Kondisi Suboptimal secara Terapung
Authors: Susilawati Susilawati , Ammar Muhammad , Irmawati Irmawati , Harun Muhammad Umar , Sodikin Erizal , Ichwan Budiyati
Published: January 2023

Penelitian bertujuan mendapatkan data pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman cabai merah pada kondisi suboptimal secara terapung dengan berbagai dosis pupuk NPK. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Embung Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sriwijaya Kecamatan Indralaya Ogan Ilir selama 5 bulan pada tahun 2022. Bahan yang digunakan adalah cabai merah varietas Gada F1, pupuk NPK, tanah jenis alluvial,  rakit bambu serta bahan pendukung lainnya.  Penelitian disusun berdasarkan  Rancangan Acak Kelompok  menggunakan  satu faktor  perlakuan yaitu dosis pupuk NPK yang terdiri dari empat dosis perlakuan, yakni P0 = 0 g NPK/polybag;  P1 = 5 g NPK/polybag; P2 = 10 g NPK/polybag dan P3 = 15 g NPK/polybag dan tiga kelompok. Pupuk diberikan satu minggu sebelum tanam. Peubah yang diamati adalah karakter pertumbuahn meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, diameter tajuk, panjang buah, diameter buah, berat buah per buah, berat buah per panen, dan Total berat buah per tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanaman cabai merah secara terapung belum menunjukkan respon dengan penggunaan pupuk NPK. Data tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun dan diameter belum optimal serta terjadi penurunan masa produktif tanaman sehingga frekuensi panen lebih sedikit dan hasil yang diperoleh tidak optimal. Kesimpulan tanaman cabai merah varietas Gada F1 mengalami penurunan pertumbuhan dan hasil jika dibudidayakan secara terapung sehingga masih diperlukan penelitian untuk mendapatkan varietas cabai dataran rendah yang dapat dibudidayakan secara  terapung.
DETEKSI MOLEKULER DAN ANALISIS GENETIK BEGOMOVIRUS PADA TANAMAN CABAI DI DESA PEMATANG DONOK
Authors: Aulia Ewa , Sutrawati Mimi , Pamekas Tunjung
Published: January 2023

The chili cultivation center in Bengkulu Province, which is located in Pematang Donok Village, Kepahiang Regency, has found many symptoms of yellow curly leaf disease, but there have been no reports of viral species that infect the chili plantations. Sampling was done by purposive sampling method based on the symptoms of chili plants infected with Begomovirus. Virus detection using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method using general primer Begomovirus (SPG 1/2). The PCR product was sent to First Base, Malaysia for DNA sequencing. Sequencing data were analyzed using MEGA 6 (Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis) software for phylogenetic tree construction. Based on field observations, the incidence of disease ranged from 96.4%-100% and the whitefly vector insect (Bemisia tabaci) was found. PCR using general primers Begomovirus obtained DNA bands measuring 912 bp according to the primary target. Based on the Blastn results, the nucleotide sequences of 3 Begomovirus samples from Pematang Donok Village had nucleotide similarities with the Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus (PYLCIV) isolates from Bali and Java contained in the GenBank database, with a nucleotide similarity value of 91.77%-98.99%.
Tugas uas laina zahra
Authors: zahra Laina
Published: January 2023

Pakai abstrak di paper
AVİM On The Eleventh Anniversary Of Its Founding
Authors: Tulun Teoman Ertuğrul
Published: January 2023

The Center For Eurasian Studies (AVİM), on 2 January 2020, as an Ankara-based non-profit think tank, has left behind an eleven-year working period in its activities. Although the start date of its corporate identity is January 2, 2009, the studies made by AVİM within the framework and understanding of a think tank date back to the first years of the twenty-first century ...
Characterization of Starch from Duckweeds and Its Conversion Into Reducing Sugars Via Enzymatic Saccharification
Authors: Sembada Anca Awal , Faizal Ahmad
Published: January 2023

Background and Objective: Bioethanol derived from plants is a renewable energy source and promising alternative to fossil fuels. It can be produced from plant starch by fermentation, but the starch must first be broken down to sugars, a process known as saccharification. Duckweeds are small, fast-growing plants that are easy to cultivate and accumulate high levels of starch and hold promise as a bioethanol source. Here, the growth parameters and starch content of three species of duckweeds were examined and assessed the efficiency of enzymatic saccharification. Materials and Methods: The duckweeds used in this study were Landoltia punctata, Lemna aequinoctialis and Wolffia arrhiza. The saccharification process was performed at 50°C for 24 hrs. Three starch-degrading enzymes were assessed in the saccharification process, specifically, α-amylase, β-amylase and glucoamylase, in equal amounts (1 mL per mg starch) but four different combinations. Results: The measured doubling times were, respectively, 3.57±0.02, 3.77±0.07 and 3.94±0.04 days and the initial starch contents were 0.28±0.02, 0.26±0.01 and 0.24±0.02 g/g. The greatest percentage of starch conversion to sugar was observed when all three enzymes were used in saccharification. The conversion percentages were 82.0±1.3%, 80.8±1.9% and 81.4±1%, for L. punctata, L. aequinoctialis and W. arrhiza, respectively. Conclusion: Results concluded that duckweeds have the potential to serve as a substrate in the fermentation process to produce bioethanol and other products.
Supplement to the Historiography I:10 - part two
Authors: Akmut Camille
Published: January 2023

Web sites : underground, Bugtraq, cDc...
Facing the facts about test score gaps v2
Authors: Connor Gregory
Published: January 2023

I review a diverse collection of research findings on differences in average intelligence test scores across socially-defined racial groups and argue that these test score gaps are partly attributable to genetic variation across biogeographic ancestries such as African, East Asian, and European ancestries. I focus on the U.S. Black-white test score gap, for which the available evidence is most comprehensive. The strictly enforced public dogma that the causes of the Black-white test score gap are entirely environmental is not empirically plausible given this evidence. Other race-related test score gaps may also have a genetic component. I then confront the sensitive public policy question of whether these findings should be acknowledged or suppressed. I argue that society needs to find a democratically legitimate method to decide whether it is best social policy to impose the false but hegemonic doctrine that the sources of racial test score gaps are entirely environmental.
Explaining the curvature effect
Authors: Clemente Ana , Penacchio Olivier , Vila-Vidal Manel , Pepperell Robert C , Ruta Nicole
Published: January 2023

Preference for curvature, the curvature effect, seems to transcend cultures, species and stimulus kinds. However, its nature and psychological mechanisms remain obscure because studies often overlook the complexity of contour characterisation and disregard personal and contextual factors. To investigate the curvature effect, we propose a continuous and multidimensional manipulation and contrasting experimental conditions examined at the group and individual levels that unveil a complex picture, not reducible to monotonous relationships: Perceptual and hedonic evaluations relied on multiple geometric features defining contour and shape. These features were specifically weighted to characterise each construct, depending on the individual and contingent on whether evaluating perceptually or hedonically. Crucially, the curvature effect was not robust to preference with respect to the median and continuous manipulations of contour for varying shapes. As curved contours are more easily perceived and processed than polygons, we hypothesised that perceived contour might explain liking for a figure beyond the effect of geometric features, finding that this association was subordinated to shape categorisations. Finally, domain-specific, personality and cognitive-preference traits moderated how people used each geometric feature in their perceptual and hedonic evaluations. We conclude that research on perception and appreciation of contour and shape should factor in their complexity and defining features. Additionally, embracing individual sensitivities opens potential avenues to advance the understanding of psychological phenomena. In summary, our approach unpacks a complex picture of contour preference that prompts critical reflections on past research and advice for future research, and it is applicable to other psychological constructs.
Analisis Strategi Komunikasi Layanan Perpustakaan Universitas Riau Di Era Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Nurasmi  , Deliza Zakir  , Sumarni
Published: January 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the entire order of life, and has forced all libraries to innovate in order to continue to exist by implementing library communication strategies. This study aims to find out how the communication strategy of the Riau University library during the COVID-19 pandemic. The method used is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques were conducted by interview, observation, documentation, and literature study. Interviews were conducted with three internal library informants plus four external informants from among students. Data analysis was carried out with the stages of data reduction, data display, and finally data verification. The results showed that the communication strategy of the University of Riau library during the COVID-19 pandemic included three things, namely: 1) Running existing programs, 2) Developing applications for services in the form of e-forms, optimizing the use of social media in communication and information dissemination. . 3) Reducing sanctions. The conclusion of this study is that the service communication strategy carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic at the Riau University Library can have a positive impact on meeting the information needs of users.
Strategi Optimalisasi Pelayanan Sirkulasi Dengan Pendekatan Model Harapan Sosial: Studi Pada Perpustakaan UNRI Pascagangguan Alam
Authors: Ajir Ajir , Susanti Evi , Setiawan Yasin
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran optimalisasi perbaikan ruangan sirkulasi paska kerusakan infrastruktur akibat gangguan alam. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Research And Development (R&D). Metode analisis ini banyak digunakan dalam riset pengembangan sebuah produk inovasi, termasuk di dalamnya dapat digunakan dalam optimalisasi pelayanan sirkulasi.  Secara teknis, Konsep ini merupakan metodologi penelitian riset pengembangan yang dilakukan pada CRDS (Center for Research and Development Strategy) di negara Jepang. Gambaran ringkas dari konsep ini adalah tahapan penelitian yang digambarkan melalui diagram “Fase riset harapan sosial”. Berdasarkan hasil riset yang telah dilakukan diperoleh gambaran bahwa gangguan alam berupa gangguan binatang telah menyebabkan kerusakan pada bagian atas perpustakaan terutama pada bagian ruang sirkulasi. Akibat kejadian tersebut terjadi kerusakan infrastruktur ruang sirkulasi yang harus segera dilakukan penanganan segera. Hasil akhir penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengguna merasa puas dengan pengembangan yang dilakukan, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa pelayanan sirkulasi paska kerusakan infrastruktur gangguan alam telah berjalan dengan optimal.
Pengarsipan Web (Web Archiving) Terhadap Web Terkait Pandemi COVID-19 di Indonesia
Authors: Ahmad Nuraini
Published: January 2023

Web saat ini menjadi media komunikasi dan informasi yang banyak digunakan oleh masyarakat Indonesia, namun mempunyai sifat bawaan mudah hilang. Untuk itu, web yang menyimpan informasi dan merekam aktivitas masyarakat Indonesia perlu dilestarikan karena dapat dinilai sebagai dokumen yang bernilai sejarah dan warisan budaya. Pelestarian web dalam format arsip agar tetap dapat diakses pada masa mendatang disebut pengarsipan web. Peristiwa pandemi COVID-19 yang melanda Indonesia dianggap merupakan kejadian luar biasa. Sehingga, informasi tentang pandemi COVID-19 yang banyak disebarkan melalui web dipandang penting untuk dapat dilestarikan melalui pengarsipan web, agar generasi mendatang dapat tetap mengaksesnya. Persoalannya, di Indonesia pengarsipan web dalam lingkup nasional tidak aktif lagi, meski pernah diselenggarakan oleh Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia pada 2010-2015. Selain itu, bidang kajian pengarsipan web juga belum banyak diteliti oleh para akademisi Indonesia. Hal tersebut mendorong penulis untuk mengadakan penelitian ini yang bertujuan untuk memulai langkah pengarsipan web terhadap web terkait pandemi COVID-19 di Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk melakukan pengarsipan web adalah metode model daur hidup pengarsipan web (the web archiving life cycle model/WALCM) yang dikembangkan oleh tim Archive-It. Metode WALCM dapat diterapkan untuk melakukan pengarsipan web terkait pandemi COVID-19 di Indonesia. Simpulan kajian ini adalah sejumlah web telah berhasil diarsipkan sesuai kebijakan. Namun, jumlahnya belum signifikan karena kendala keterbatasan sumber daya.
Kredibilitas dan Daya Tarik Pustakawan Sebagai Komunikator Terhadap Kepuasan dan Loyalitas Pemustaka
Authors: Nurasmi  , Nurjanah  , Zurkarnain
Published: January 2023

Untuk dapat mengelola perpustakaan dengan baik, diperlukan pustakawan yang kredibel dan kompeten dalam menjalankan tugasnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh kredibilitas pustakawan dan daya tarik pustakawan terhadap kepuasan dan loyalitas pengunjung. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Metode analisis digunakan adalah Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Alat analisis statistik yang digunakan adalah PSPP dan aplikasi LISREL. Jumlah sampel penelitian 200 orang. Analisis akhir menggunakan Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kredibilitas pustakawan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan pengunjung (nilai T = 4,34), daya tarik pustakawan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan pengunjung (nilai T = 3,302). Kredibilitas pustakawan secara langsung tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan (T-values = 1,22) tetapi secara tidak langsung berpengaruh signifikan (T-values = 2,129), daya tarik pustakawan tidak secara langsung berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan (T-values). = 1,07), tetapi melalui intervensi (secara tidak langsung daya tarik pustakawan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan (nilai T = 2,354), kepuasan pelanggan juga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan (nilai T = 2,42). kredibilitas dan daya tarik pustakawan berpengaruh langsung signifikan terhadap kepuasan pengunjung dan secara tidak langsung terhadap loyalitas pengguna perpustakaan di Perpustakaan Universitas Riau.
Future Sediment Transport Ability and its Consequences in the Urbanized River Basin
Authors: Lamichhane Suraj , Devkota Nirajan
Published: January 2023

The urbanization process of the Kathmandu Valley has a significant impact on LULC change, river runoff, and sediment transport capability. The historical sediment flow pattern indicates that the sediment transport capacity of the basin has increased even when precipitation and river discharge decreased. So, the sediment regression model is developed in this study in relation to discharge, precipitation, and built-up area change. Model parameters are calibrated and validated through the measured sediment discharge of the basin and the performance of the model is evaluated through NSE, PBIAS, and R2. In the future, the sediment transport capacity of the channel is projected for average monthly, maximum, and minimum flow conditions by +4.33%, +6%, and -2.66% respectively per decade due to the rise in the urban area (+6% per decade). Increasing the rigid ground surface through urbanization reduces the sediment generation through the watershed and balances the sediment transport capability, excess erosion is produced in the river channel causing a change in the river morphology. The findings of this study will be useful for planning and management of the river basin and the river structures.
A Pilot Study on the Effect of Daylighting and Orientation in the Office Building: A Case of Kathmandu
Authors: Basnet Bimala , Uprety Sanjaya
Published: January 2023

Illuminance results in visibility of objects and daylighting is the major source of light for perceiving and carrying out certain function. Office blocks hold the space for people to perform economic task for 7-8 hours daily and humans seek comfort. Lighting the interior is a mindful job, as the space can be over lit or under lit resulting in visual discomfort and high use of energy to maintain human comfort. Quality and quantity of natural light in the indoor is guided by several factors such as climate, latitude, sky condition, site obstructions, orientation, opening design, surface reflectivity, space function etc. The study shows that the best orientation for Kathmandu is 175°N and for the building with window wall ratio greater than 60%, orientation does not play a vital role. Autodesk Ecotect 2011, has been used to simulate the building with the real case scenario in the urban context for the outmost result. The finding adds value during the early design phase and also to prepare guidelines, policies and bylaws relating to wellbeing of occupant for visually and functionally friendly interior.
Simulation of Propeller Runner for Cylindrical Basin of Gravitational Water Vortex Power Plant
Authors: Pandey Shankar Nath , Chaulagain Raj Kumar , Pandey Bimal
Published: January 2023

The gravitational water vortex power plant is an emerging technology of power generation from water vortex in a small amount. It can generate electricity in a low head of range (0.7-2m). This system is very simple and requires less keep-up. This research aims to develop the propeller type runner which gives optimum efficiency and cylindrical basin suitable for this propeller runner in GWVPP. The research has been conducted by developing a new propeller runner and cylindrical basin considering the top surface open as the atmosphere. Blade angle, discharge hole diameter of the basin, the position of runner, and rpm are optimized on CFD-based optimization. After the CFD analysis, the optimum blade angle was 43º, exit hole diameter of this basin was found 175 mm which is 20% of the basin diameter. The optimum height was found 785mm which is 65.42% of the total height. And the efficiency of the optimized system was 23.639 % at 40 rpm.
Development and Implementation of Portable Ultrasonic Sensor Circuit with USB Interface and Signal Processing to Detect Damages in the Mild Steel Structure
Authors: Shrestha Manish Man , Ropakheti Bibek , Bhattarai Uddhav , Shakya Amit
Published: January 2023

Mild steel is one of the widely used structures for commercial use. In this paper, we present a PZT-based portable ultrasonic wave interfacing circuit with a USB interface to detect the damages in the mild steel structure. The designed circuit amplifies and shifts the level of the ultrasonic waves. The wave is then digitized by the microcontroller with a sampling rate of 2 MHz. The digitized wave is then transferred to the PC via USB communication. The CDC class was used in USB communication to generate a virtual com port and capture the data in real-time. The wave was then filtered and processed in the PC to detect damage to the structure. The dimension and weight of the used mild steel are 570mm x 205mm x 10mm and 10 kg respectively. To detect the damage to the structure, the 200 kHz tone-burst signal was induced in it through the PZT actuator. The ultrasonic wave was then captured in both intact and damaged conditions of the structure. The induced damage was of dimension 1mm x 10mm x 5mm. The RMS value of the captured wave in intact condition and the undamaged condition was calculated. This run-in of the RMS values in the intact and damaged condition of the structure solidifies the capability of the device to gather the ultrasonic wave correctly.
The impact of macroeconomic determinants on the banking sector development in Nepal
Authors: Gautam Prakash Kumar , Kafle Prabin
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the vulnerability caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on the overall operations and profitability of star hotels in Nepal and to explore their survival strategies. This study used both qualitative and quantitative approaches based on descriptive research design. The required primary data were collected through questionnaires and interviews with the hotel operators and managers, while the secondary data was from annual reports of sample hotels. For the analysis of qualitative information, thematic analysis was used based on grounded theory. Descriptive statistics were used for analyzing the secondary data. Results revealed an intensely negative effect of the pandemic on one-star and two-star hotels, followed by three-star, four-star, and five-star hotels, respectively. Operations were badly affected, and hence the net profits decreased; the cost of inbound materials increased significantly along with their unavailability. Hotels followed the diversification strategy with cost-focused differentiation. The research identified small but insufficient support from the government for necessary operations. This study provides essential insights to the policymakers, hotel entrepreneurs and readers to fulfill the knowledge gap in the field of study in the last section of the paper.
Effects of mergers in financial performance of Nepalese Commercial Banks
Authors: Adhikari Pitri Raj
Published: January 2023

Purpose- This paper attempts to evaluate the synergistic effect of the merger on financial performance, market share, and the wealth of the shareholders of the selected BFIs.
Methodology- Two cases of mergers of commercial banks have been taken as samples for the study. First is the merger between Prabhu Bank Limited and Grand Bank Limited (forming Prabhu Bank Limited) and second is the merger between Lumbini Bank Limited and Bank of Kathmandu Limited (forming Bank of Kathmandu Limited). Both the mergers happened in 2016. To analyze the mentioned variables of the selected BFIs, pre-merger (2011–2015) and post-merger (2016–2020) data have been compared using a t-test and regression analysis.
Findings- The result of the study reveals that there is a significant relationship between financial performance and shareholder value and the merger, whereas there is no relationship between the market share of the BFIs and the merger.
Practical implication- The study concludes that to achieve improved post-merger financial efficiency and reap the benefits of an improved financial position, merged BFIs should be more aggressive in their profit drive and maintain better asset qualities.
Originality/ Value- This study can become a foundation for future studies in the Nepalese context of the merger of BFIs.
Determinants of road traffic accidents in Nepal
Authors: Manandhar Raju Bhai
Published: January 2023

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship of poor road condition, drunk driving and weather condition on road traffic accidents in Nepal. Another purpose is to evaluate the effect of gender on over speed, poor road condition, drunk driving, weather condition and road traffic accidents.
Design/methodology/ approach – The study targeted to drivers of two-wheeled and four-wheeled vehicle as population. 100 respondents were selected through a simple random sampling technique based on the police report list during last 5 years of Kathmandu valley. Primary data was sources of information for the study. It was collected by applying a well-structured survey questionnaire. Cronbatch’s Alpha coefficients were used to examine the internal consistency of the factors and an independent sample t- test was adopted to analyze differences in road traffic accidents, poor road condition, drunk driving and weather condition in terms of gender. Mean standard deviation, variance, and correlation were adopted to analyze the data in a systematic way to derive the findings for the study. Findings - The study found that there is a relationship between poor road conditions, drunk driving, and weather conditions on road traffic accidents in Kathmandu valley. The study also found that gender has no impact on poor road conditions, weather conditions, and road traffic accidents except for drunk driving. It can be concluded that poor road conditions and weather conditions are major factors causes of road traffic accidents.
Research limitation/ implications - The study evaluated only three explanatory variables i.e., poor road conditions, drunk driving, and weather conditions in the entire study so that future researchers can study other factors impacting the road traffic accident of the general public with a larger sample size with new analytical tools.
Originality/value –The list of the drivers who had got at least one time accident was obtained from police report. The study based on domino theory developed by Heinrich in 1980 to have outputs.
Diaspora Digitalized in Michelle De Kretser’s 'Questions of Travel' and Kiran Desai’s 'The Inheritance of Loss'
Authors: Khadka Uwaraj
Published: January 2023

The research work explores the diasporic aspect of immigrants’ lives while living on the digital platform. Then, it attempts to investigate how digital technologies have assisted diasporic individuals to consider their new acquired time and space as comfort zone. All Diasporas in today’s world live in the transnational location which makes them get connected digitally with their roots at the same time. So, diasporic individuals are supported and assisted by the digital technologies. The more the immigrants make use of these technologies while living in the transnational location the more they go global and at the same time get connected with the local.

To demonstrate this argument, the research examines and analyzes Kiran Desai’s novel “The Inheritance of Loss” and Michelle de Kretser’s novel “Questions of Travel” in order to show how immigrants being assisted by the digital technologies, despite the cultural wilderness and oddities encountered in the alien lands, celebrate their comfort zone, and live on the transnational location. The analysis part is reached through by referring to the works on identity; digital technologies, nationalism and trans-nationalism that help assess validity of the argument proposed herein.
A Test of the Ricardian Equivalence Hypothesis for Nepal
Authors: Pandey Bhanu Bhakta , Poudel Priyanka
Published: January 2023

This study is undertaken to verify the application of Ricardian Equivalence Hypothesis (REH) for Nepal by using annual time-series data covering from 1975 to 2019. The study employs Augmented Dickey–Fuller unit root test, Engel Granger causality test, the long run multiple regression model, Error correction model (ECM) in estimating the systems equations to examine the objectives of the study. From the perspective of this study, the empirical findings demonstrated that the Ricardian Equivalence Hypothesis (REH) doesn’t hold for Nepal invalidating the proposition of the Ricardian Hypothesis.