bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lesiones dentales no cariosas: etiología y diagnóstico clínico. Revisión de literatura
Authors: Ramírez Cortez Cesar E. , Dubón Vásquez Stephanie , Madrid Castro María A. , Sánchez Rivera Isby M.
Published: March 2021

Las lesiones dentales no cariosas comprenden un conjunto de procesos que se caracterizan por la pérdida o el desgaste pa- tológico de los tejidos duros del diente, como ser el esmalte y la dentina. En la etapa inicial es difícil el diagnóstico, cuando la lesión va en aumento y si no es tratada a tiempo ni se modifican los factores de riesgo pueden llegar afectar de manera progresiva la pulpa dental. Estas lesiones han aumentado en los últimos años, debido al mayor tiempo de dien- tes en boca, acompañado de hábitos parafuncionales y dietas altamente acidas, a esto se le agrega el estrés que también provoca perdida de estructura dental. Por lo que no toda perdida de tejido mineralizado de los diente es provo- cada por una carga bacteriana. Estas lesiones no cariosas difieren en su etiología, se debe ser muy minucioso en su evaluación clínica y descripción, ya que muchas características clínicas pueden generar un diagnóstico erróneo y por ende un tratamiento no predecible, se debe tomar en consideración la existencia de combinaciones entre lesiones.
Objetivo: Conocer la etiología y características clínicas propias de cada lesión, para poder realizar un diagnóstico oportuno y seguro. La revisión se realizó por medio de una búsqueda en internet en los buscadores de Hinari, Science Direct, Google académico, revisando artículos originales y revisiones bibliográficas entre los años de 2014- 2019. Conclusiones: Las lesiones dentales no cario- sas tienen etiologías multifactoriales, características clínicas diferenciales y puede haber una combinación de varias patologías.
Neurocisticercosis Parenquimatosa
Authors: Paredes Moreno Felipe Alejandro , Mejía Verdial Diana Alejandra , Mejía Verdial Karen Gabriela
Published: March 2021

La NCC puede presentarse con una variedad de signos y síntomas, pero lo hace frecuentemente con crisisepilépticas, por lo cual es una de las causas mas comunes de epilepsia ad quirida postinfecciosa en los países en vías de desarrollo.
El Teatro de la década de 1960 en la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras: La Asociación Civil de Teatro Universitario (1963-1968) tres grupos de la Sección de Arte Dramático (1968-1970)
Authors: Cardona Amaya José Manuel
Published: March 2021

La década de 1960 es fundamental para comprender el establecimiento de la disciplina teatral en el ámbito universitario de Honduras. A inicios de esta década se experimentaría administrativamente, la independencia institucional al Teatro Universitario fundado en (1959) y, a finales, se emprendería una iniciativa de impulso teatral bajo el amparo de la Sección de Arte Dramático, creada en (1968). Estos proyectos mezclaban el profesionalismo con el amateurismo. Así, actores experimentados con formación académica en teatro, como Francisco Salvador, actuaban junto a estudiantes sin experiencia previa sobre un escenario y, de la misma manera, estos conjuntos asistían tanto a festivales internacionales como escuelas públicas locales. En el presente artículo se analiza descriptivamente la trayectoria de cuatro grupos teatrales de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras: la Asociación Civil de Teatro Universitario y tres de los cinco grupos constituyentes de la Sección de Arte Dramático, con el propósito de encontrar características comunes que expliquen su funcionamiento y devenir. Los datos de la investigación se recabaron en el Archivo General de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, utilizándose para su elaboración las memorias institucionales, los programas e invitaciones sobrevivientes de la época y las actas del Consejo Universitario.
Fortalecimiento de las capacidades de resiliencia mediante la academia, caso de estudio: Programa de Liderazgo y Resiliencia ante Desastres, Honduras 2019
Authors: Torres Bernhard Lidia Elizabeth
Published: March 2021

De acuerdo al Panel Intergubernamental de Cambio Climático la resiliencia se define como: “la capacidad de los sistemas sociales, económicos y ambientales de afrontar un suceso, tendencia o perturbación peligrosos respondiendo o reorganizándose de modo que mantengan su función esencial, su identidad y su estructura, y conservando al mismo tiempo la capacidad de adaptación, aprendizaje y transformación” (IPCC, 2018). Por otro lado, el liderazgo es definido por Hunter (1996:38) como el “arte” de influir sobre la gente para que trabaje con entusiasmo en la consecución de un objetivo en pro del bien común; es así, que este Programa se concibe con el objetivo de fomentar el liderazgo para la resiliencia frente a desastres, dado que en los momentos de atención a emergencias, como en todos los procesos de recuperación se pone en evidencia que los lideres deberán procurar ese entusiasmo en las comunidades que les permita poder recuperarse y crear resiliencia. Este artículo busca resumir las acciones desarrolladas y los resultados alcanzados mediante la ejecución del Programa de Liderazgo y Resiliencia ante Desastres que fue impulsado por la Universidad de George Washington y el Institute for for Disaster & Fragility Resilience (IDFR) a través del Instituto Hondureño de Ciencias de la Tierra; en él, encontrarán detalladamente los objetivos que se plantearon, la metodología desarrollada para su alcance y los resultados obtenidos. Cabe mencionar que este Programa es un ejemplo de las acciones de vinculación desde la academia hacia la sociedad, haciendo aportes en formación de capacidades a través de la educación no formal y apoyando el proceso de rediseño curricular del Posgrado en Gestión del Riesgo y Manejo de Desastres de la UNAH.
Are office hours obsolete?
Authors: Fowler Karen R.
Published: March 2021

Office hours are a higher-education tradition. Unchanged for past-decades, the upheaval due to the COVID pandemic, transitioned office hours in many institutions from face-to-face to virtual and other formats. Historically office hours are a resource underused by students. Faculty-student interactions are considered a high-impact activity aimed at promoting student success. One purpose of office hours is to increase student access to faculty. It is time to revitalize and revamp this tradition. Increasing student engagement, clarifying course requirements, and role modeling professional behavior are potential goals for office hours and student-faculty interactions. To meet these goals, faculty will need to undertake activities that are much more active than the typical passive activity of office hours.
18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is accurate for high-grade prostate cancer bone staging when compared to bone scintigraphy
Authors: Otis-Chapados Samuel , Ringuette Goulet Cassandra , Dubois Gabriel , Lavallée Étienne , Dujardin Thierry , Fradet Yves , Lacombe Louis , Lodde Michele , Tiguert Rabi , Toren Paul , Fradet Vincent , Beauregard Jean-Mathieu , Buteau François-Alexandre , Pouliot Frédéric
Published: March 2021

Introduction: In this study, we compared 18F-FDG-postron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and bone scintigraphy accuracies for the detection of bone metastases for primary staging in high-grade prostate cancer (PCa) patients to determine if 18F-FDG-PET/CT could be used alone as a staging modality.

Methods: Men with localized high-grade PCa (n=256, Gleason 8–10, International Society of Urological Pathology [ISUP] grades 4 or 5) were imaged with bone scintigraphy and 18F-FDG-PET/CT. We compared on a per-patient basis the accuracy of the two imaging modalities, taking intermodality agreement as the standard of truth (SOT).

Results: 18F-FDG-PET/CT detected at least one bone metastasis in 33 patients compared to only 26 with bone scan. Of the seven false-negative bone scintigraphies, four (57.1%) were solitary metastases (monometastatic), three (42.9%) were oligometastatic (2–4 lesions), and none were plurimetastatic (>4 lesions). Compared to SOT, 18F-FDG-PET/CT showed higher sensitivity and accuracy than bone scintigraphy (100% vs. 78.8%, and 98.7% vs. 98.2%) for the detection of skeletal lesions.

Conclusions: 18F-FDG-PET/CT appears similar or better than conventional bone scans to assess for bone metastases in patients newly diagnosed with high-grade PCa. Since intraprostatic FDG-uptake is also a biomarker of failure to radical prostatectomy and that FDG-PET/CT has been shown to be accurate in detecting PCa lymph node metastasis, FDG-PET/CT has the potential to be used as the sole preoperative staging modality in high-grade PCa.
Floating Islands, Frontiers, and Other Boundary Objects on the Edge of Oceania’s Futurity
Authors: Mawyer Alexander
Published: March 2021

Technological advances have challenged numerous social and political domains over recent decades, including the materialities and imaginaries of islands and islandness in Oceania. Since the early 2000s, a plurality of schemes, discourses, politics, anxieties, and hopes have coalesced
around the possible construction of artificial islands, referred to as floating islands, floating nations, floating cities, or seasteads, depending on the new islands’ imagined purposes and peoples. If achieved, these new, de novo, islands will contribute to an ongoing regional
geopolitical remaking that requires urgent attention. However, in examining floating islands as boundary objects, this article suggests that, even if never realized, they are exceptional points of focus for perceiving and reflecting on the uncanny, disruptive character of capital at work in
the contemporary Pacific Islands in tension with multi-state regional policy initiatives for collective governance and sustainable ocean management. Moreover, this article argues that floating islands are not the only “artificial islands” producing tensions between communities,
states, and international ocean governance frameworks. Deep-sea concessions for mineral exploitation, the spatialization of high-seas fishing rights, and large- and small-scale conservation zones similarly raise issues of the fixity or fluidity of territoriality, sovereignty, rights of access
and restriction to common or uncommon marine spaces and their resources, as well as conflicting imaginaries and ideologies around the ocean and Oceania as an open frontier.
Policy-Research Nexus: The Case of Pacific Studies in China
Authors: Zhang Denghua
Published: March 2021

China has substantially increased its engagement with Pacific Island countries since 2006, driving heightened geostrategic competition between traditional powers and China in the region. Research on Pacific Island countries by Chinese scholars has grown rapidly in recent years, but
this development and its relationship with policy needs are little-known outside China. By analyzing the 129 journal articles published by Chinese scholars on Pacific studies between 2006–2019, with supporting interviews, this research aims to expand the debate on the policy-research
nexus, especially in the Chinese context, by introducing Pacific studies in China. It argues that official policy needs have largely shaped Pacific studies in China, and that researchers who seek to influence policy-making tend to find the process slow and indirect. This research will also
improve our understanding of Chinese scholars’ intellectual support of China’s Pacific diplomacy on certain topics.
Unfair Competition in the Field of Intellectual Property Rights: Analyzing Concepts, Acts of Unfair Competition and Laws
Authors: Elizabeth Yongyeh Ngalim , Yu Lu Ming , Palmer Dagadu Prince , Anyomi Bright
Published: March 2021

This study aims to analyze Unfair Competition in the field of Intellectual property rights. This research seeks to explore and show how the concept of unfair Competition interferes in the area of intellectual property rights. Furthermore, we have investigated how competition law and intellectual property rights interfere with each other. The research evaluates unfair competition practices in the scope of intellectual property rights, referring to specific international laws directly related to each course. Finally, it examines the regulatory system that governs these sectors. Reference is made particularly to the Chinese Anti-Unfair Competition Law and other international laws on trademark practices. As far as the study's methodology is concerned, qualitative data analysis is applicable alongside with comparative legal method for analyzing "de lege lata" and "de lege feranda" situations in a range of the concluded topic. The study finds out that Unfair Competition in the domain of Intellectual Property rights involves actions by an operator that infringe the legislation's rules, harm operators' legitimate rights and interest on the market, thereby threatening socio-economic order. The study concluded that Unfair Competition acts in the field of Intellectual Property rights (like Industrial espionage, infringement of trade secrets, trademark infringement) impede innovation, stifle, and affect Competition in the real market. And the occurrence of these Unfair Competition practices is common, even though there are existing legal frameworks that regulate this sector. The research reveals an international regulatory system such as the Paris Convention 1883, the Patent Act 1977, and the Espionage Act 1996 have specific and statutory laws that target unfair competition practices. The Chinese Anti-Unfair Competition Act 1993 forbids unfair Competition in intellectual property rights and defends operators and citizens from unfair competition practices. The study also deduces that the existing legal framework regulating this sector is practical to a small extent because these Unfair Competition Practices are still very much detectable in the trade sector. As most legal frameworks dwell on civil liabilities instead of criminal penalties, operators can easily violate the law by relying on whether they can afford the civil penalties. There are recent amendments to adjust and adapt to the evolution of patterns and daily market innovations (Example: Amendment of the Chinese Anti-Unfair Competition Law in 2003). We concluded the study by bringing in suggestions and recommendations. Qualitative research methodology applies to the following article.
10 Jahre AMNOG: Eine Erfolgsgeschichte mit angezogener Handbremse
Authors: Haas Antje , Tebinka-Olbrich Anja , Zentner Annette , Pietsch Kerstin , Erdmann Daniel , Henck Susanne , Nickel Andreas , Hastedt Martin , Hönzke Stefan , Müller Gerrit
Published: March 2021

Kaum ein regulatorischer Bereich im Arzneimittelmarkt ist von so hoher Reformdynamik geprägt wie das AMNOG-Verfahren. Seit Verabschiedung des Arzneimittelmarktneuordnungsgesetzes Ende 2010 verging nahezu kein Jahr ohne mehr oder weniger einschneidende Veränderungen der rechtlichen Grundlagen. Nach zehn Jahren zieht der GKV-Spitzenverband in diesem Beitrag Bilanz und richten den Blick auf die Herausforderungen der Zukunft.
Zurück in die Zukunft: Zur Modernisierung der Arzneimittel-versorgung durch Apotheken
Authors: Grunenberg Markus , Bäumler Michael
Published: March 2021

Die Diskussion über die Weiterentwicklung der Arzneimittelversorgung durch Apotheken fokussiert auf die Beibehaltung des Status quo. Seit mehr als einem Jahrzehnt hat sich regulatorisch wenig getan. Auch das Apothekenstärkungsgesetz hält nur wenige Impulse für eine Modernisierung bereit und zielt faktisch vor allem darauf, den Zustand vor der europäischen Rechtsprechung zum Versandhandel aus dem Jahr 2016 wiederherzustellen. Für eine zukunftsorientierte Ausrichtung der Arzneimittelversorgung bedarf es einer Modernisierung der Apothekenvergütung und Versorgungsstrukturen.
Anstupsen zu mehr Nachhaltigkeit
Authors: Bockstahler Milena
Published: March 2021

Das »Green Office« gilt als das Zukunftsmodell fortschrittlicher Unternehmen. Die lange vernachlässigte und unterschätzte Komponente »Nachhaltigkeit« rückt im betrieblichen Klimaschutz immer weiter in den Vordergrund.
»Anderer Leistungsanbieter« als verkannte Option
Authors: Senner Anton
Published: March 2021

Auch drei Jahren nach der gesetzlichen Ermöglichung führen Alternativen zur Werkstatt für behinderte Menschen ein Schattendasein. Dabei stellt diese Option eine Möglichkeit der Angebotsentwicklung für soziale Organisationen dar.
Preis-Kosten-Scheren im Telekommunikationssektor
Authors: Haucap Justus , Heimeshoff Ulrich , Gösser Niklas
Published: March 2021

For competition in telecommunications markets, tests for price–cost squeezes have become increasingly important, as both price differentiation between end users and product bundling based on regulated and unregulated inputs are on the rise. This study first summarises the theory of predatory pricing and European and German case practice regarding price–cost squeezes. On this basis, it suggests ways to pragmatically adapt the existing test procedure in order to better identify price–cost squeezes in specific tariffs/rate bundles.
Stellenwert Nachbarsprache Deutsch und Tschechisch in Tschechien und Österreich.
Authors: Sorger Brigitte , Káňa Tomáš
Published: March 2021

Die Europäische Union vertritt in ihrem Mehrsprachigkeitskonzept u.a. die These, dass speziell die Nachbarsprachen besonders gefördert werden sollten. Die Untersuchung trägt Daten zur Grenzregion Tschechien-Österreich aus der Vergangenheit und Gegenwart zusammen, um die reale Umsetzung dieser sprachenpolitischen Ziele zu beleuchten.
Sprachen-Kontakt und regionale Schriftsprachlichkeit. Bohemismen im Prager Standarddeutsch um 1920
Authors: Blahak Boris
Published: March 2021

Mit dem Terminus ‚Prager Deutsch‘ bezeichnete man im frühen 20. Jh. die deutschen Soziolekte der Prager Unterschichten, die zahlreiche tschechische Interferenzen aufwiesen. Bemüht um (soziale) Abgrenzung distanzierte sich das deutschsprachige Prager Bürgertum von diesen Idiomen und wies hierzu (überspitzt) auf die besondere ‚Reinheit‘ der eigenen Gruppensprache Deutsch hin. Beim Blick in Franz Kafkas Schriften stößt man jedoch auf zahlreiche Erscheinungen, die scheinbar tschechischem Muster folgen. Die Untersuchung versucht zu klären, ob diese Phänomene einen Einfluss der Prager Soziolekte auch auf die (angeblich abgezirkelte) Sprache der Prager deutschen Bildungsschicht dokumentieren. Zu diesem Zweck wird auch das Deutsch von Schriftstellern aus Kafkas Umfeld auf Übereinstimmungen untersucht. Zugleich soll ein Blick auf andere zeitgenössische Prager Printmedien (Tageszeitungen, Wörterbücher) die Frage beantworten, ob sich solche Phänomene diachron sogar als regional standardsprachlich erweisen.
Förderung der Textkompetenz anhand der Textsorte Arbeitszeugnis.
Authors: Káňa Tomáš , Kirchner Justina
Published: March 2021

Der Artikel beschreibt die Struktur und einige Formulierungen der Textsorte Arbeitszeugnis und zeigt, wie diese Textsorte im Deutschunterricht eingesetzt werden kann, um die Textkompetenz zu fördern. Die Beschreibung der Textsorte enthält auch rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen für die Erstellung von Arbeitszeugnissen in Österreich, Deutschland und in Tschechien. Die Umsetzung im Unterricht folgt Schmölzer-Eibingers 3-Phasen-Modell zur Förderung der Textkompetenz und zeigt, wie man mit Texten umgehen kann, die selbst für Muttersprachler/-innen relativ kompliziert sind. Die Textsorte Arbeitszeugnis sollte ein Thema im Deutschunterricht sein, weil es sich um eine spezifische Textsorte handelt und sie ein fester Bestandteil des Berufslebens im deutschsprachigen Raum ist.
A Case for How Eschatological and Soteriological Considerations Strengthen the Plausibility of a Good God
Authors: Breitenbach Zachary ,   Evangelical Philosophical Society
Published: March 2021

This article contends that considerations of continued human existence beyond this earthly life are advantageous both for defending against a key challenge to the existence of a good God (the evidential problem of evil) and for making a positive moral case for theism. On the defensive side, I address the charge that the amount and alleged gratuitousness of evil render God’s existence unlikely. On the offensive side, I leverage postmortem considerations to bolster a positive case for a good God by offering new arguments that God and an afterlife are key to making sense of moral rationality and morality’s overridingness.
Molinism and the Person-Will Paradigm
Authors: Johnson Randall K. ,   Evangelical Philosophical Society
Published: March 2021

The traditional Molinist scheme implies that God is one center of consciousness, knowledge, and will. The person-will paradigm, however, claims there are three centers of consciousness, knowledge, and will in the Godhead. I argue that the Molinist ought to reject the person-will paradigm, and thus reject both monothelitism and social trinitarianism. I begin by presenting standard accounts of Molinism, monothelitism, and social trinitarianism. Then I consider three approaches to reconciling Molinism and the person-will paradigm. I show that each approach is fraught with difficulties.
Poverty and Health State in Poland: Evidence From Regional Perspective
Authors:   University of Lodz, Jewczak Maciej , Korczak Karol ,   University of Lodz
Published: March 2021

Purpose: The main goal of the paper is to investigate the association between poverty and health and to assess the Polish NUTS-2 level differentiation with time points of the analysis set for 2013 and 2018. Design/methodology/approach: In order to collate poverty and health state, two separate data sets have been created, consisting of determinants that describe the various aspects of combined phenomena, differentiated among Polish regions. We use data on poverty and health across Polish voivodships. Our data sets are obtained from Local Data Bank (LDB) of the Polish Central Statistical Office (CSO). On the basis of the proposed indicators, the multidimensional character of the phenomena is examined, and the degree of their intensity and changes in tendencies over time are assessed. Health State Index (HIS) and Poverty Index (PoI) individual measures were further compiled in the development matrix. Findings: The results indicate a link between health and poverty at the regional level, while the usage of the development matrix technique allows the assessment of opportunities and threats for selected spatial units. The results confirm both positive as well as negative changes in indices levels in the analysed period. Moreover, the strength of this relationship decreases slightly over the selected time points. The identified changes originate mainly in recorded levels of poverty, while the situation of spatial objects in 2018 (compared to 2013) deteriorates mainly due to reasons related to the state of health. Research limitations/implications: Because of the design of the development matrix, it is not advised to use the technique for a high number of objects/units. The proposed approach could give certain information on the rate of changes, indicating the increases/decreases in the combined indicator levels. Although the results are summarised by an image of coordinates in the development matrix space diagram, the identification of a unique object might be limited. Hence, only overall tendencies, like for the correlation scatterplot, could be illustrated by the graph. However, this does not diminish the importance of this technique, and by applying appropriate sampling, the in-depth study of both poverty and health state could be easily achieved. Originality/value: The research study assumed to use several groups of indicators for the construction of synthetic indices. The proposed measures highlight a multidimensional concept of the analysed phenomena. The research can be an example of a supportive tool for planning regional strategies that are aimed at improving the health condition or reducing poverty intensity.
Forming Ecomasculinities through Deep Ecology in Gravity's Rainbow
Authors: Addis Victoria
Published: March 2021

This article examines the concept of ecomasculinity--how masculinities and ecologies interact--through the lens of deep ecology, arguing (following Serpil Oppermann) that Pynchon's postmodernist boundary collapsing informs deep-ecological interconnections for male characters previously embroiled in negative cycles of patriarchal dominance. Ecomasculinity is an important emerging concept within ecocriticism, and recognising links between the positive iterations of masculinity and ecology that the ecomasculine seeks to express and the philosophy of deep ecology furthers the conversation about the utility of deep ecology to contemporary society.
Vitíligo, una enfermedad cutánea convertida en rasgo estético
Authors: Freire Sánchez Alfonso , Vidal Mestre Montserrat
Published: March 2021

En el ámbito de la comunicación de marca, concretamente en lo referente a campañas publicitarias del sector de la moda, el vitíligo ha irrumpido drásticamente, sobre todo en los aspectos que se relacionan con el plano visual y estético, y no tanto en lo concerniente a la fase de desarrollo creativo y narrativo de la propia campaña. La cuestión de fondo es: ¿desestigmatiza o contribuye a la despersonalización?
Enhanced insulin signalling ameliorates C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion toxicity in Drosophila
Authors: Atilano Magda L , Grönke Sebastian , Niccoli Teresa , Kempthorne Liam , Hahn Oliver , Morón-Oset Javier , Hendrich Oliver , Dyson Miranda , Adams Mirjam Lisette , Hull Alexander , Salcher-Konrad Marie-Therese , Monaghan Amy , Bictash Magda , Glaria Idoia , Isaacs Adrian M , Partridge Linda
Published: March 2021

G4C2 repeat expansions within the C9orf72 gene are the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). The repeats undergo repeat-associated non-ATG translation to generate toxic dipeptide repeat proteins. Here, we show that insulin/IGF signalling is reduced in fly models of C9orf72 repeat expansion using RNA sequencing of adult brain. We further demonstrate that activation of insulin/IGF signalling can mitigate multiple neurodegenerative phenotypes in flies expressing either expanded G4C2 repeats or the toxic dipeptide repeat protein poly-GR. Levels of poly-GR are reduced when components of the insulin/IGF signalling pathway are genetically activated in the diseased flies, suggesting a mechanism of rescue. Modulating insulin signalling in mammalian cells also lowers poly-GR levels. Remarkably, systemic injection of insulin improves the survival of flies expressing G4C2 repeats. Overall, our data suggest that modulation of insulin/IGF signalling could be an effective therapeutic approach against C9orf72 ALS/FTD.
Tuning self-renewal in the Arabidopsis stomatal lineage by hormone and nutrient regulation of asymmetric cell division
Authors: Gong Yan , Alassimone Julien , Varnau Rachel , Sharma Nidhi , Cheung Lily S , Bergmann Dominique C
Published: March 2021

Asymmetric and self-renewing divisions build and pattern tissues. In the Arabidopsis stomatal lineage, asymmetric cell divisions, guided by polarly localized cortical proteins, generate most cells on the leaf surface. Systemic and environmental signals modify tissue development, but the mechanisms by which plants incorporate such cues to regulate asymmetric divisions are elusive. In a screen for modulators of cell polarity, we identified CONSTITUTIVE TRIPLE RESPONSE1, a negative regulator of ethylene signaling. We subsequently revealed antagonistic impacts of ethylene and glucose signaling on the self-renewing capacity of stomatal lineage stem cells. Quantitative analysis of cell polarity and fate dynamics showed that developmental information may be encoded in both the spatial and temporal asymmetries of polarity proteins. These results provide a framework for a mechanistic understanding of how nutritional status and environmental factors tune stem-cell behavior in the stomatal lineage, ultimately enabling flexibility in leaf size and cell-type composition.
Visualizing anatomically registered data with brainrender
Authors: Claudi Federico , Tyson Adam L , Petrucco Luigi , Margrie Troy W , Portugues Ruben , Branco Tiago
Published: March 2021

Three-dimensional (3D) digital brain atlases and high-throughput brain-wide imaging techniques generate large multidimensional datasets that can be registered to a common reference frame. Generating insights from such datasets depends critically on visualization and interactive data exploration, but this a challenging task. Currently available software is dedicated to single atlases, model species or data types, and generating 3D renderings that merge anatomically registered data from diverse sources requires extensive development and programming skills. Here, we present brainrender: an open-source Python package for interactive visualization of multidimensional datasets registered to brain atlases. Brainrender facilitates the creation of complex renderings with different data types in the same visualization and enables seamless use of different atlas sources. High-quality visualizations can be used interactively and exported as high-resolution figures and animated videos. By facilitating the visualization of anatomically registered data, brainrender should accelerate the analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of brain-wide multidimensional data.
Enzymatic and transcriptomic analysis reveals the essential role of carbohydrate metabolism in freesia (Freesia hybrida) corm formation
Authors: Ma Li , Ding Suqin , Fu Xueqing , Yan Zi , Tang Dongqin
Published: March 2021

Starch and sucrose metabolism plays a crucial role in the formation and development of bulbs in bulbous plants. However, these mechanisms remain unclear and unexplored in the corms of Freesia hybrida. Herein, we investigated the dynamics of the major form of carbohydrates and related enzyme activities and profiled the transcriptome of freesia corms at four developmental stages with the aim to reveal the relation between the expression of genes involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates and the accumulation of carbohydrates in corm developmental stages for further exploring the mechanism on the starch and sucrose metabolism regulating the formation and development of corms in F. hybrida. The content of starch, sucrose and soluble sugars followed an overall upward trend across the corm developmental stages. Activities of the adenosine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase, starch branching enzyme and β-amylase generally followed the pattern of the starch and sucrose levels. Activities of sucrose phosphate synthase increased from corm formation till the initial swelling stage and subsequently reached a plateau. Activities of invertase and sucrose synthase peaked at the later rapid swelling stage. These suggested that the starch and sucrose dynamics paralleled corm swelling under the action of metabolic enzymes. A total of 100,999 unigenes were assembled in the transcriptomic analysis, and 44,405 unigenes of them were annotated. Analysis based on Clusters of Orthologous Groups suggested that carbohydrate transport and metabolism (9.34% of the sequences) was prominent across the corm developmental process. In total 3,427 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and the enrichment analysis detected starch and sucrose metabolism as a critical pathway in corm development, especially at the rapid swelling stage. Further, DEGs encoding key carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes were identified and correlated to enzyme activities and carbohydrate accumulation. The results construct a valuable resource pool for further molecular-level studies, which are helpful for metabolic regulation of carbohydrates and improvement in F. hybrida.
Network based multifactorial modelling of miRNA-target interactions
Authors: Ari Yuka Selcen , Yilmaz Alper
Published: March 2021

Competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulations and crosstalk between various types of non-coding RNA in humans is an important and under-explored subject. Several studies have pointed out that an alteration in miRNA:target interaction can result in unexpected changes due to indirect and complex interactions. In this article, we defined a new network-based model that incorporates miRNA:ceRNA interactions with expression values. Our approach calculates network-wide effects of perturbations in the expression level of one or more nodes in the presence or absence of miRNA interaction factors such as seed type, binding energy. We carried out the analysis of large-scale miRNA:target networks from breast cancer patients. Highly perturbing genes identified by our approach coincide with breast cancer-associated genes and miRNAs. Our network-based approach takes the sponge effect into account and helps to unveil the crosstalk between nodes in miRNA:target network. The model has potential to reveal unforeseen regulations that are only evident in the network context. Our tool is scalable and can be plugged in with emerging miRNA effectors such as circRNAs, lncRNAs, and available as R package ceRNAnetsim: https://www.bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/ceRNAnetsim.html.
Impact of National Debt on Economic Growth in Tanzania: 1980-2019
Authors: Lelya Lemada Lesamana , Ngaruko Deus D.
Published: March 2021

This paper is based on the study that examined the impact of external and domestic debt on economic growth of Tanzania over the period 1980-2019. The study’s specific objectives were; to examine trends of external and domestic debts from 1980 to 2019, to determine long run relationship between external debt stock and economic growth in Tanzania from 1980 to 2019, and to examine the long run relationship between domestic debt and economic growth in Tanzania from 1980 to 2019. The study used time series data of Tanzania collected from the Bank of Tanzania (BOT), National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and the World Bank indicators. The study used Vector error correction model (VECM) for estimation of the time series since all the variables’ data were stationary in first difference I (1), and there was cointegration within the variables. To ensure the validity and reliability of the data; the study carried out normality test, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, and unit root tests. The empirical findings reveal that both   external and domestic debt significantly affects the economic growth of Tanzania.  The study recommends that the government should promote moderate levels of domestic borrowing which can be sustained as it promotes economic growth if used in productive and efficient avenues. The study further recommends that policymakers should efficiently allocate and develop constraints that will ensure the external borrowing is utilized on more productive and  development expenditures, so that the finance is a source of increase in net investment in the country.
Organizational Performance and its Effects to Employee Recognition and Job Satisfaction in Some Selected Public Universities in the South East, Nigeria
Authors: Orajaka Ugochukwu Paul
Published: March 2021

The study expressed the effect of job satisfaction and employee recognition to the reward of Management performance in some selected organizations in south East Nigeria. The application of descriptive statistics, correlation tools and mean likert was employed to evaluate the significant relationship and coefficient of determination of the variables. However, the tools show that there is a strong positive relationship association between the job satisfaction and employee recognition in public university. The correlation shows that there is a significant values of 0.000 with relationship of 0.942. This explained that there is a strong positive significant relationship in the system. These results conclude that job satisfaction and employee recognition has a strong positive effect to organizational performance in the study areas selected.
Fraudulent Financial Statements Detection in Indonesian Shariah Bank
Authors: Anan Edy
Published: March 2021

This study aims to detect fraudulent financial statements using the S.C.O.R.E. model in Indonesian Sharia Commercial Banks. This research uses quantitative research methods—hypothesis testing using a logistic regression analysis model. The research sample is 11 Shariah commercial banks registered with the Indonesian Financial Services Authority. These research results are financial targets, financial stability, external pressures, changes in directors, ineffective monitoring, and external auditors' changes who cannot detect fraudulent financial statements. However, the number of CEO pictures engraved in the annual report can detect fraudulent financial statements. The results of this study again show inconsistencies with the results of various previous studies. The research results confirm that the most common driving factors in cheating are feelings of rights and a desire for power/ego.
Specimens of Aquatic Bird Deposited at Mosul Natural History Museum, Mosul, Iraq
Authors: Rahemo Zohair I. F. , Al-Hassani Owayes M. , Abood Senan K.
Published: March 2021

There are (11) aquatic Birds specimens deposited at Mosul natural history Museum, these belong to five orders namely: order Ciconiiformes, Phoenicopteriformes, Pelecaniformes, Anseriformes and Caradiformes. Ciconiformes include Ardea purpurea, Egretta garzetta, Ciconia ciconia, Nycticorax nycticorax, Ixobrychus minitus. Order Phoenicopteriformes include Phoenicopterus aguorum, order Pelecaniformes include Pelecanus onocrotalus, order Anseriformes include Anas crecca and Anas platyrhynchos, Casarca ferruguinea and order Charadriiformes include ,Larus canus.
Zinc Biofortification of Cereal Crops: A Review Article
Authors: Ali Nooruldeen S.
Published: March 2021

Micronutrient deficiency can be considered as one of the yield "quantity and quality" limiting factor in arid calcareous lands and can be considered as the troubling component of hunger. Therefore, enriching food products through adding nutrients to a food product or through increasing soil fertility and breeding crop for nutrient efficiency are alternatives available to improve food quality. However, poor people have no excess to food additives and can benefit from naturally enriched food products or what being called Biofortification. The existence of a general geographical overlap between soil Zn deficiency and human Zn deficiency has been already postulated. As agriculture-based food products are the major source of human nutrition, the relationship between the nutrient status of soils, food crops, and human health is understandable. poor but also deliver all the essential nutrients needed for adequate nutritional health. Sustainable solutions to malnutrition will only be found by closely linking agriculture to nutrition and health. The undergoing review would discuss these concepts and their implementation and uses with special concern on Iraqi conditions.
Progressive Recovery of a Marine Gastropod Community Following Atmospheric Nuclear Tests in French- Polynesia: A Socio-ecological Interpretation
Authors: Béguinot Jean
Published: March 2021

Aims: The way species-richness is accommodated and how species-abundance distribution is organized in a hierarchic pattern is central to community ecology. Yet, the process by which species-richness and species-abundances are progressively accommodated can hardly be monitored, in practice, at a sufficiently large spatial scale. Fortunately, the progressive recovery of marine communities, after their complete destruction by atmospheric nuclear tests, yet offered unique opportunity to monitor the full process of accommodation of increasing species-richness and the associated, transient development of strong interspecific competition, all along the process of recovery.

Methods: Taking full advantage of such monitoring yet requires, first, to relevantly overcome two important practical issues: 1) achieving reliable numerical extrapolations of the usually unavoidably incomplete samplings in order to accurately estimate both the true species-richness and the completed distribution of species-abundances, including the abundance of undetected species and 2) disentangling (i) the positive contribution of improved niche-diversification to species-richness and species-abundance evenness from (ii) the negative contribution of increasing interspecific-competition, all along the recovery progress. This, indeed, is a rather tricky challenge, yet relevantly solved by using the newly developed “standardized unevenness index”, conceptually based upon MacArthur approach to interspecific-contest at niche overlaps.

Results: Applying both tools above to the monitored recovery of a reef-associated Gastropod community, entirely wiped-out previously by severe nuclear blasts, had allowed a deeper understanding of the dynamic interplay between species-recruitment, niche-diversification and interspecific-competition in the regeneration of the community. In particular, along the recovery process, a transient, metastable phase – involving severe interspecific-competition at niche-overlaps – precedes a gradual return to dynamic stability, with the virtual extinction of interspecific competition
Evaluation of the Sub Acute Toxicity of the Stem Bark of Andira inermis
Authors: Egua Maxwell Osaronowen , Nwinyi Florence Chimezie , Okwoche Ode Julius , Monday Onakpa Micheal , Ganiyat Akande Motunrayo , Abalaka Samson Eneojo , Garba Mikail Hudu , Dezi Akumka David , Mohammed Adamu
Published: March 2021

The aqueous methanolic Andira inermis stem bark extract was screened in evaluation of its potential for its toxic effect in a 28 days study using the oral route only. The sub acute study was carried out in Wistar rats divided into 4 groups of 5 rats each; control group (a) received distilled water while the aqueous methanolic Andira inermis stem bark extract treatment groups (b), (c), and (d), received 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of the extract respectively, for a period of 28 days, with their intake of feeds, water and signs of abnormality observed. At the end of the sub acute study, the rats were anaesthetized with chloroform and blood collected by cardiac puncture for biochemical and haematological evaluation. And the visceral organs (liver, kidneys, lungs, heart and spleen) excised for weighing and patho-morphological examination. The aqueous methanolic Andira inermis stem bark extract was found to; reduce the intake of water weekly, drop intake of feeds; significantly increased the red blood cell count (RBC), the haemoglobin concentration (HB), as well as the pack cell volume (PCV). The renal indices, showed the electrolytes sodium and chloride of the treatment groups (b, c and d) to be significantly different from the control. Urea was noticed to have reduce significantly and creatinine insignificantly. The organs weights across the Andira inermis treatment groups were noticed to be insignificantly (P › 0.05) different from the control for all the organs sampled (Lungs, Liver, Heart and Spleen) except for the kidney (organ weight which was noticed to have increased significantly). The patho-morphologies of the organs showed the heart to be normal, the kidney was normal in the control and the other treatment groups 100 mg 400 mg and 200 mg but a rat (an outlier) in one of the 200 mg group was noticed with tubular necrosis; the liver indicated a non concentration-dependent hepatitis while the lungs and the spleen presented an infective process.  It was concluded that, the aqueous methanolic extract of Andira inermis is a safe medicinal plant with the capacity to; raise red blood cell count (RBC), haemoglobin concentration (HB) as well as the pack cell volume (PCV); proffers a nephro- protective property; shrunken spleen; have a hepato-protective property and as well was non toxic to the heart and lungs. These findings warrants further pharmacognostic efficacy experimental research to harness the array of benefits of Andira inermis as discovered in this study.
An Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants used in the Management of Dermatological Disorders in Buyende and Kayunga Districts, Uganda
Authors: Namukobe Jane , Lutaaya Anthony , Asiimwe Savina , Byamukama Robert
Published: March 2021

This study was done to document medicinal plants used in the management of dermatological disorders. Documentation of plants is important for conservation especially of rare and endangered plant species. The study was done in Buyende and Kayunga districts in Uganda, between April and July 2017. Data was obtained using semi-structured questionnaires and group discussions, performed on 63 respondents (33 females; 30 males) who were purposively selected because of their expertise in plant use. The study recorded 111 plant species that belong to 46 plant families for treatment of 30 skin disorders. The dominant life form was herb (41%), while leaves were the most used parts (59 %). Majority of plants (72%) were harvested from their natural habitats. Family Fabaceae contributed the highest number of species (20). Milicia excelsa was recorded to be threatened with extinction. The most cited diseases were skin rash (14%), wounds (12%), syphilis (9%), allergy (9%) and ring worm (7%). The plant species with high percent respondent knowledge were Hoslundia opposita, cited by 83% of the people; Bidens pilosa (76%) and Jatropha carcus (56%) all for treating wounds. Topical application (90%) was the common mode of administering herbal remedies, while decoction was least used to prepare remedies. Plants are important in the management of dermatological disorders by local communities in the study areas. The diversity of medicinal plant species used in these areas is based on the rich traditional knowledge of the local communities. There is need to domesticate the rare and threatened medicinal plant species to avoid extinction. Plant species with high percent respondent knowledge can be considered for further studies to identify key active compounds important to develop natural based skin care products.
Evaluation of the Phytochemical and Nutritional Profiles of Cnidoscolus chayamansa (Mc Vaugh) Leaf Collected in Jos, North Central, Nigeria
Authors: Jiyil M. K. , Kutshik R. J. , Mafuyai C. E. , Dalong V. P. , Edward D. H. , Okoyeukwu C. N.
Published: March 2021

Background: Plants could either be ornamental, medicinal, as well as nutritional, hence there has been a high level of reliance on plants as a whole by both man and animals for survival.

Aim of the Study: This study aimed to evaluate the Phytochemical contents and Nutritional Profiles of Cnidoscolus chayamansa  Leaf Collected in Jos, North Central, Nigeria.

Study Duration: This study was conducted on 30th June, 2019 at the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria.

Methodology: The proximate and phytochemical compositions were investigated in accordance with standard procedures. Mineral concentrations were determined by using flame photometer, atomic absorption spectrophotometer, calorimetry.  Crude protein content was determined by Kjeldahl method and amino acid profile were analyzed using Technicon sequential Multi-Sample Amino Acid Analyzer (TSM).

Results: The preliminary qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoids, tanins, saponins, terpenes and steroids, balsam and phenol with the absence of cardiac glycosides, and resin. The proximate analysis showed high carbohydrate (27.48±0.02), crude fibre (25.18±0.02) and protein (18.63±0.01), moderate concentration of moisture content (12.62±0.00) and ashes content (11.68±0.01), low concentration of crude lipid (4.40±0.01). The minerals detected were calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, iron, manganese, cobalt, sulphur, aluminium, zinc, molybdenum, and Phosphorus. Seventeen amino acids were analysed; nine essential amino acids namely; Leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, trptophane, valine, threonine, arginine, methionine and histidine and Eight non-essential amino acids namely; proline, tyrosine, cysteine, alanine, glutamate, gycine, serine and aspartic. Glutamic and leucine acids were found in higher concentration as 10.14+ 0.016 and 8.99+ 0.000 respectively.

Conclusion: This investigation shows that Cnidoscolus chayamansa leaf from Jos, Nigeria contains high medicinal and nutritional compositions which could be exploited for the treatment of diseases as well as nutritional supplements.