bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tidally induced variations of pH at the head of the Laurentian Channel
Authors: Mucci Alfonso , Levasseur Maurice , Gratton Yves , Martias Chloé , Scarratt Michael , Gilbert Denis , Tremblay Jean-Éric , Ferreyra Gustavo , Lansard Bruno
Published: September 2017

The head of the Laurentian Channel is a very dynamic region of exceptional biological richness. To evaluate the impact of freshwater discharge, tidal mixing, and biological activity on the pH of surface waters in this region, a suite of physical and chemical variables was measured throughout the water column over two tidal cycles. The relative contributions to the water column of the four source-water types that converge in this region were evaluated using an optimum multiparameter algorithm (OMP). Results of the OMP analysis were used to reconstruct the water column properties assuming conservative mixing, and the difference between the model properties and field measurements served to identify factors that control the pH of the surface waters. These surface waters are generally undersaturated with respect to aragonite, mostly due to the intrusion of waters from the Upper St. Lawrence Estuary and the Saguenay Fjord. The presence of a cold intermediate layer impedes the upwelling of the deeper, hypoxic, lower pH and aragonite-undersaturated waters of the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary to depths shallower than 50 m.
Leeches (Annelida: Hirudinea) from the far north of Ontario: distribution, diversity, and diagnostics
Authors: Langer Sarah V. , Vezsenyi Kathryn A. , de Carle Danielle , Beresford David V. , Kvist Sebastian
Published: September 2017

Leeches have a worldwide distribution, yet numerous geographical regions remain to be adequately surveyed. Here, we present leech species records for one of these regions: the far north of Ontario, Canada. This region is primarily wetland habitat and includes two of Ontario’s three ecozones. Morphological examinations, as well as a single instance of successful DNA amplification with subsequent molecular identification, allowed us to identify representatives of 12 species from two predatory families (Erpobdellidae and Haemopidae) and one parasitic family (Glossiphoniidae) among samples of 130 individuals. To provide a more inclusive list of species records for this remote region, our data were also augmented by 25 largely unpublished collection records (for 102 individuals) from the Canadian Museum of Nature, which revealed the presence of an additional species. We comment on finds of particular interest in our sampling with comparison to relevant literature and provide new distribution data for these species.
Benefits and drawbacks of determining reproductive histories for black bears (Ursus americanus) from cementum annuli techniques
Authors: Allen Maximilian L. , Kohn Bruce , Roberts Nathan , Crimmins Shawn , Van Deelen Timothy R.
Published: September 2017

Recruitment is difficult to estimate but is essential for determining population trend. Recruitment in bears can be estimated from patterns in width of cementum annuli that indicate years with cubs. We evaluated reproductive history estimates from cementum annuli of 19 101 black bears (Ursus americanus Pallas, 1780) collected over 20 years to determine the benefits and drawbacks of this technique for management agencies. The technique only worked to estimate reproductive histories for 25% of submitted samples, and 49% of samples with estimates contained uncertain litters. Whether uncertain litters were counted or not caused significant variation in estimates of age at first litter, number of litters per female, and interbirth intervals. Hence, naive treatment of uncertain litters may bias analyses. A data set we optimized to reduce bias showed that litters per female ranged from 0 to 12, mean interbirth interval was 2.07 years, and both increased as females aged. Large samples of teeth collected from harvested bears over multiple decades potentially provides a wealth of information on reproductive parameters at a minimal cost compared with intensive field studies, but until uncertain litters are understood mechanistically and can be better quantified, reproductive estimates from this technique should be interpreted with caution.
Water purification in low background experiments
Authors: Giammarchi Marco
Published: September 2017

Water purification is an important technique in high-mass low radioactivity experiments in modern physics. Water is frequently used both as a shielding and as the sensitive part of a particle detector in underground arrangements, especially in the frame of Astroparticle Physics studies. In this paper, I will describe the main purification techniques and discuss some of its performances.
Conflict Management Styles and Interpersonal Conflict Between Marketing and R&D Personnel During the New Product Development Process
Authors: Darawong Chonlatis
Published: September 2017

This paper investigates the direct impact of conflict management style on two types of interpersonal conflict: task and relationship conflict between marketing and R&D personnel during the new product development (NPD) process. The findings add to the structural contingency perspective pertaining to the study of conflict and provide a wider view of the beneficial role of conflict at the interpersonal level. The results show that task conflict is positively influenced by dominating and integrating styles, but is negatively influenced by a compromising style. In addition, relationship conflict is positively influenced by a dominating style but negatively influenced by integrating, obliging, and compromising styles. Key implications for marketing and R&D personnel are that they should typically use an integrating style in order to gain benefit from task conflict. However, they should avoid or compromise with a dominating person in order to minimize destructive outcomes from relationship conflict.
A Novel Clustering Method Based on Quasi-Consensus Motions of Dynamical Multiagent Systems
Authors: Cai Ning , Diao Chen , Khan M. Junaid
Published: September 2017

This paper presents a novel approach for clustering, which is based on quasi-consensus of dynamical linear high-order multiagent systems. The graph topology is associated with a selected multiagent system, with each agent corresponding to one vertex. In order to reveal the cluster structure, the agents belonging to a similar cluster are expected to aggregate together. To establish the theoretical foundation, a necessary and sufficient condition is given to check the achievement of group consensus. Two numerical instances are furnished to illustrate the results of our approach.
Methotrexate and Valproic Acid Affect Early Neurogenesis of Human Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells from Myelomeningocele
Authors: Sahakyan Vardine , Pozzo Enrico , Duelen Robin , Deprest Jan , Sampaolesi Maurilio
Published: September 2017

Myelomeningocele (MMC) is a severe type of neural tube defect (NTD), in which the backbone and spinal canal do not close completely during early embryonic development. This condition results in serious morbidity and increased mortality after birth. Folic acid significantly reduces, and conversely, folate antagonist methotrexate (MTX) and valproic acid (VPA) increase the occurrence of NTDs, including MMC. How these pharmacological agents exactly influence the early neurulation process is still largely unclear. Here, we characterized human amniotic fluid-derived stem cells (AFSCs) from prenatally diagnosed MMC and observed an effect of MTX and VPA administration on the early neural differentiation process. We found that MMC-derived AFSCs highly expressed early neural and radial glial genes that were negatively affected by MTX and VPA exposure. In conclusion, we setup a human cell model of MMC to study early neurogenesis and for drug screening purposes. We also proposed the detection of early neural gene expression in AFSCs as an additional MMC diagnostic tool.
Existence and Globally Asymptotic Stability of Equilibrium Solution for Fractional-Order Hybrid BAM Neural Networks with Distributed Delays and Impulses
Authors: Zhang Hai , Ye Renyu , Cao Jinde , Alsaedi Ahmed
Published: September 2017

This paper investigates the existence and globally asymptotic stability of equilibrium solution for Riemann-Liouville fractional-order hybrid BAM neural networks with distributed delays and impulses. The factors of such network systems including the distributed delays, impulsive effects, and two different fractional-order derivatives between the U-layer and V-layer are taken into account synchronously. Based on the contraction mapping principle, the sufficient conditions are derived to ensure the existence and uniqueness of the equilibrium solution for such network systems. By constructing a novel Lyapunov functional composed of fractional integral and definite integral terms, the globally asymptotic stability criteria of the equilibrium solution are obtained, which are dependent on the order of fractional derivative and network parameters. The advantage of our constructed method is that one may directly calculate integer-order derivative of the Lyapunov functional. A numerical example is also presented to show the validity and feasibility of the theoretical results.
Hydroethanolic Extract of Strychnos pseudoquina Accelerates Skin Wound Healing by Modulating the Oxidative Status and Microstructural Reorganization of Scar Tissue in Experimental Type I Diabetes
Authors: Sarandy Mariáurea M. , Novaes Rômulo D. , Xavier Antônio A. , Vital Camilo E. , Leite João P. V. , Melo Fabiana C. S. A. , Gonçalves Reggiani V.
Published: September 2017

The effect of topical application of ointment based on Strychnos pseudoquina hydroethanolic extract in the cutaneous wounds healing in diabetic rats was evaluated. Samples of S. pseudoquina were submitted to phytochemical prospection and in vitro antioxidant assay. Thirty Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: Sal-wounds treated with 0.9% saline solution; VH-wounds treated with 0.6 g of lanolin cream (vehicle); SS-wounds treated with silver sulfadiazine cream (10 mg/g); ES5- and ES10-wounds treated with an ointment of S. pseudoquina extract, 5% and 10%, respectively. Fragments of wounds were removed for histological and biochemical analysis every 7 days during 21 days. ES showed equivalent levels per gram of extract of total phenols and flavonoids equal to 122.04 mg for TAE and 0.60 mg for RE. The chlorogenic acid was one of the major constituents. S. pseudoquina extract presented high antioxidant potential in vitro. ES5 and ES10 showed higher wound healing rate and higher amount of cells, blood vessels, and type III and I collagen. The oxidative stress markers were lower in the ES5 and ES10 groups, while the antioxidants enzymes levels were higher. Ointment based on S. pseudoquina extract promotes a fast and efficient cutaneous repair in diabetic rats.
TOP2A and EZH2 Provide Early Detection of an Aggressive Prostate Cancer Subgroup
Authors: Labbé David P. , Sweeney Christopher J. , Brown Myles , Galbo Phillip , Rosario Spencer , Wadosky Kristine M. , Ku Sheng-Yu , Sjöström Martin , Alshalalfa Mohammed , Erho Nicholas , Davicioni Elai , Karnes R. Jeffrey , Schaeffer Edward M. , Jenkins Robert B. , Den Robert B. , Ross Ashley E. , Bowden Michaela , Huang Ying , Gray Kathryn P. , Feng Felix Y. , Spratt Daniel E. , Goodrich David W. , Eng Kevin H. , Ellis Leigh
Published: September 2017

Purpose: Current clinical parameters do not stratify indolent from aggressive prostate cancer. Aggressive prostate cancer, defined by the progression from localized disease to metastasis, is responsible for the majority of prostate cancer–associated mortality. Recent gene expression profiling has proven successful in predicting the outcome of prostate cancer patients; however, they have yet to provide targeted therapy approaches that could inhibit a patient's progression to metastatic disease.

Experimental Design: We have interrogated a total of seven primary prostate cancer cohorts (n = 1,900), two metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer datasets (n = 293), and one prospective cohort (n = 1,385) to assess the impact of TOP2A and EZH2 expression on prostate cancer cellular program and patient outcomes. We also performed IHC staining for TOP2A and EZH2 in a cohort of primary prostate cancer patients (n = 89) with known outcome. Finally, we explored the therapeutic potential of a combination therapy targeting both TOP2A and EZH2 using novel prostate cancer–derived murine cell lines.

Results: We demonstrate by genome-wide analysis of independent primary and metastatic prostate cancer datasets that concurrent TOP2A and EZH2 mRNA and protein upregulation selected for a subgroup of primary and metastatic patients with more aggressive disease and notable overlap of genes involved in mitotic regulation. Importantly, TOP2A and EZH2 in prostate cancer cells act as key driving oncogenes, a fact highlighted by sensitivity to combination-targeted therapy.

Conclusions: Overall, our data support further assessment of TOP2A and EZH2 as biomarkers for early identification of patients with increased metastatic potential that may benefit from adjuvant or neoadjuvant targeted therapy approaches. Clin Cancer Res; 23(22); 7072–83. ©2017 AACR.
Does Breastfeeding Shape Food Preferences Links to Obesity
Authors: Ventura Alison K.
Published: September 2017

The first 2 years of life have been recognized as a critical window for obesity prevention efforts. This period is characterized by rapid growth and development and, in a relatively short period of time, a child transitions from a purely milk-based diet to a more varied solid-food diet. Much learning about food and eating occurs during this critical window, and it is well-documented that early feeding and dietary exposures predict later food preferences, eating behaviors, and dietary patterns. The focus of this review will be on the earliest feeding experiences - breast- and formula-feeding - and the unique role of breastfeeding in shaping children's food preferences. Epidemiological data illustrate that children who were breastfed have healthier dietary patterns compared to children who were formula-fed, even after controlling for relevant sociodemographic characteristics associated with healthier dietary and lifestyle patterns. These dietary differences are underlined, in part, by early differences in the opportunities for flavor learning and preference development afforded by breast- versus formula-feeding. In particular, the flavors of the mothers' diet are transmitted from mother to child through the amniotic fluid and breastmilk. The flavors experienced in these mediums shape later food preferences and acceptance of the solid foods of the family and culture onto which the infant is weaned. All infants learn from flavor experiences in utero, but only breastfed infants receive the additional reinforcement and flavor learning provided by continued repeated exposure to a wide variety of flavors that occurs during breastfeeding. Given the numerous benefits of breastfeeding, promotion of breastfeeding during early infancy is an important focus for primary prevention efforts and should be combined with efforts to ensure that mothers consume healthy, varied diets during pregnancy and lactation, and expose their infants to a wide array of foods during weaning and solid-food feeding.
Laparoscopic Resection of a Jejunal Mesenteric Pseudocyst
Authors: Yamabuki Takumi , Suzuoki Masato , Murakami Tsuzuku , Hirano Satoshi
Published: September 2017

An unusual case of a jejunal mesenteric pseudocyst treated by laparoscopic resection is reported. A 44-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with intermittent upper abdominal pain and diarrhea. Physical examination revealed slight periumbilical tenderness, and no masses were palpable. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed a 4-cm-sized nonenhancing high-density mass with a heterogeneous pattern on a proximal small bowel loop. Based on these findings, a gastrointestinal stromal tumor accompanied by hemorrhagic and cystic change, a mesenteric hematoma, or a desmoid tumor was diagnosed. Laparoscopy was performed to obtain an accurate diagnosis. Exploration of the abdominal cavity identified a 4-cm mass originating from the mesentery of the jejunum. Segmental resection of the jejunum and its mesentery, including the mass, was performed. Macroscopically, the mass appeared to be a cystic mass of the jejunal mesentery. The mass within the cyst lumen consisted of white clayish material with no specific pathology. The final pathological diagnosis was a mesenteric pseudocyst. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course.
Early Screening Parameters for Dysphagia in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Henke Christian , Foerch Christian , Lapa Sriramya
Published: September 2017

Background: Dysphagia is a frequent symptom in patients with acute stroke. It is associated with malnutrition, aspiration and mortality. The identification of early screening parameters for dysphagia promptly leading to a professional swallowing examination is therefore of utmost importance. This study aimed to detect early and easily assessable predictors of dysphagia in a large cohort of patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods: Our analysis was based on data from a prospective in-hospital registry. Patients with ischemic stroke were included over the course of 3 years. Patients were scheduled to undergo a clinical swallowing investigation within the first 24 h after hospital admission. Step-wise multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of dysphagia in general and of pneumonia in particular. Results: 1,646 patients with ischemic stroke were included. Stroke severity in terms of higher National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) values (p < 0.001), male gender (p = 0.006) and higher age (p < 0.001) independently predicted dysphagia. A receiver operating characteristics analysis revealed an NIHSS cut-off value of 4.5 for optimal differentiation between patients with and without dysphagia (sensitivity 0.77; specificity 0.77). Dysphagia (p < 0.001), male gender (p = 0.002), higher NIHSS scores (p < 0.001) and higher age (p = 0.002) were factors that were independently associated with pneumonia. The NIHSS cut-off value for differentiating between patients with and without pneumonia was 5.5 (sensitivity 0.91; specificity 0.67). Conclusions: Stroke severity in terms of NIHSS is a simple and reliable predictor of dysphagia. Patients with NIHSS values ≥5 should be quickly directed towards a professional swallowing examination. Dysphagia was confirmed to be a strong predictor of pneumonia.
Restoration of Circulating MFGE8 (Milk Fat Globule-EGF Factor 8) Attenuates Cardiac Hypertrophy Through Inhibition of Akt Pathway
Authors: Deng Ke-Qiong , Li Jing , She Zhi-Gang , Gong Jun , Cheng Wen-Lin , Gong Fu-Han , Zhu Xue-Yong , Zhang Yan , Wang Zhihua , Li Hongliang
Published: September 2017

Cardiac hypertrophy occurs in response to numerous stimuli like neurohumoral stress, pressure overload, infection, and injury, and leads to heart failure. Mfge8 (milk fat globule-EGF factor 8) is a secreted protein involved in various human diseases, but its regulation and function during cardiac hypertrophy remain unexplored. Here, we found that circulating MFGE8 levels declined significantly in failing hearts from patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Correlation analyses revealed that circulating MFGE8 levels were negatively correlated with the severity of cardiac dysfunction and remodeling in affected patients. Deleting
Mfge8
in mice maintained normal heart function at basal level but substantially exacerbated the hypertrophic enlargement of cardiomyocytes, reprogramming of pathological genes, contractile dysfunction, and myocardial fibrosis after aortic banding surgery. In contrast, cardiac-specific
Mfge8
overexpression in transgenic mice significantly blunted aortic banding–induced cardiac hypertrophy. Whereas MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathways were unaffected in either
Mfge8
-knockout or
Mfge8
-overexpressing mice, the activated Akt/PKB (protein kinase B)–Gsk-3β (glycogen synthase kinase-3β)/mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway after aortic banding was significantly potentiated by
Mfge8
deficiency but suppressed by
Mfge8
overexpression. Inhibition of Akt with MK-2206 blocked the prohypertrophic effects of
Mfge8
deficiency in angiotensin II–treated neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Finally, administering a recombinant human MFGE8 in mice in vivo alleviated cardiac hypertrophy induced by aortic banding. Our findings indicate that Mfge8 is an endogenous negative regulator of pathological cardiac hypertrophy and may, thus, have potential both as a novel biomarker and as a therapeutic target for treatment of cardiac hypertrophy.
Variation in Management of Patients With Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease: Insights From the Veterans Affairs Clinical Assessment and Reporting Tool (VA CART) Program
Authors: Sandhu Amneet , Stanislawski Maggie A. , Grunwald Gary K. , Guinn Kathryn , Valle Javier , Matlock Daniel , Ho P. Michael , Maddox Thomas M. , Bradley Steven M.
Published: September 2017

Background

Little is known about facility‐level variation in the use of revascularization procedures for the management of stable obstructive coronary artery disease. Furthermore, it is unknown if variation in the use of coronary revascularization is associated with use of other cardiovascular procedures.

Methods and Results

We evaluated all elective coronary angiograms performed in the Veterans Affairs system between September 1, 2007, and December 31, 2011, using the Clinical Assessment and Reporting Tool and identified patients with obstructive coronary artery disease. Patients were considered managed with revascularization if they received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting within 30 days of diagnosis. We calculated risk‐adjusted facility‐level rates of overall revascularization,
PCI
, and coronary artery bypass grafting. In addition, we determined the association between facility‐level rates of revascularization and post‐
PCI
stress testing. Among 15 650 patients at 51 Veterans Affairs sites who met inclusion criteria, the median rate of revascularization was 59.6% (interquartile range, 55.7%–66.7%). Across all facilities, risk‐adjusted rates of overall revascularization varied from 41.5% to 88.1%, rate of
PCI
varied from 23.2% to 80.6%, and rate of coronary artery bypass graftingvariedfrom 7.5% to 36.5%. Of 6179 patients who underwent elective
PCI
, the median rate of stress testing in the 2 years after
PCI
was 33.7% (interquartile range, 30.7%–47.1%). There was no evidence of correlation between facility‐level rate of revascularization and follow‐up stress testing.

Conclusions

Within the Veterans Affairs system, we observed large facility‐level variation in rates of revascularization for obstructive coronary artery disease, with variation driven primarily by
PCI
. There was no association between facility‐level use of revascularization and follow‐up stress testing, suggesting use rates are specific to a particular procedure and not a marker of overall facility‐level use.
What is Prophetic about Prophecies: Inspiration or Critical Memory?
Authors: Wenk Matthias
Published: September 2017

Books on ‘how to speak prophetically’ are flourishing. They mainly build on the assumption that ‘inspired speech’ defines the core of the prophetic self-understanding. This conjecture is also reflected in many scholarly works on prophecy. This articles argues that at the heart of prophecy in both the Old and the New Testament lays the identity-forming narrative of the people of God. Based on 1 Cor. 1.10–2.16 it shall further be argued that the Spirit’s role may also be described in disclosing the significance of this narrative. That inspired oracles are not pivotal to the New Testament’s understanding of prophecy is further evidenced in Mt. 7.15–34: False prophets are not criticised for the content of their speech but for their lack of obedience to the will of God. Therefore, Pentecostals today might listen carefully to their own identity-forming narrative and telling the story might in itself be a prophetic act.
Divine Moral Assistance and Modern Science: Kantian Ethics in Dialogue with Pentecostal Participatory Ontology and Theology of Divine Action
Authors: Charles Enoch S.
Published: September 2017

This paper contributes toward an interdisciplinary Renewal moral theology that deals with this (apologetic) question: how do we speak of divine assistance in human moral life in a modern scientific context that shuns the idea of God intervening and acting in this world? In answering this question, it is argued that, while John Hare’s Kantian ethics makes a persuasive and meaningful case for divine moral assistance as providence and grace against a naturalistic context, through James K.A. Smith’s Pentecostal participatory ontology that provides a robust framework for articulating any kind of divine action in the modern scientific world, divine assistance for human moral life, using the work of Amos Yong and Frank Macchia, is construed as non-interventionistic, miraculous, human moral transformation caused by the Spirit of God through free-willed, creaturely participation in God via faith, in step with the nature and ‘laws’ of God’s coming kingdom.
Annotated catalog of the type specimens deposited at the fish collection of the “Universidade Estadual Paulista, Câmpus de São José do Rio Preto”, São Paulo, Brazil (DZSJRP)
Authors: ANDRADE BRENO , ANGULO ARTURO , SANTOS ANA CLÁUDIA , CHEROBIM ARIELI M. , LANGEANI FRANCISCO
Published: September 2017

An annotated catalog of the type specimens deposited at the fish collection of the “Universidade Estadual Paulista, Câm-pus de São José do Rio Preto”, São Paulo, Brazil (DZSJRP), is herein presented for consultation and scientific information. The type fish collection of the DZSJRP is comprised by 154 lots and 4,993 specimens, 18 of which are holotypes, and include a total of 53 species in six families. For each species, the following data are provided: current valid name, authority and year of description, type locality and holotype catalog number (for those lots hosted at the DZSJRP), and list of paratypes deposited at DZSJRP. For each lot the following data are provided: total number of specimens, standard length (SL; in mm), number of cleared and stained specimens, number of tissue samples, collection locality, elevation, geographical coordinates, collectors and collection date, when appropriate or available. Photos of holotypes deposited at DZSJRP are presented, showing the current conservation condition of the specimens.
A new pedunculate barnacle (Cirripedia: Heteralepadidae) from the Mediterranean with notes on reproduction
Authors: BUHL-MORTENSEN LENE , MIFSUD CONSTANTINE
Published: September 2017

Twenty-six specimens of Heteralepas were discovered attached to a derelict nylon mooring line recovered from 100–150 m depth off Malta in the Mediterranean Sea. These shell-less barnacles could be distinguished from the 28 previously described species of Heteralepas by the following combination of morphological characters: the relative lengths of the capitulum and peduncle; the presence of a clear demarcation between the capitulum and the peduncle; the capitulum ovoid and wrinkled but lacking tubercles and ridges; and the aperture large with crenulate or flaring lips. COI 18S, and 12S ribosomal RNA gene sequences from three specimens were compared with information for Heteralepas japonica (Aurivillius, 1892) available from GenBank, and the calculated p-distances were 15% and 8% respectively. On the basis of both morphological and molecular criteria, the proposal of a new species is justified, and herein we name and describe Heteralepas newmani, sp. nov., which is the only known member of the family Heteralepadidae from the Mediterranean Sea. Complemental males were attached to nine (35%) of the 26 hermaphrodite specimens, and data on their incidence (usually one but up to four when present) and positioning on the hermaphrodites are given. Two males of a parasitic isopod (Crinioniscidae) and six females of the same, probably undescribed, species and representing different states of maturity, were found within the mantle cavity of one hermaphrodite.
Health Information Preferences of Parents in a Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Drent Adam M. , Brousseau David C. , Morrison Andrea K.
Published: September 2017

Parents of children seeking nonurgent care in the emergency department completed surveys concerning media use and preferences for health education material. Results were compiled using descriptive statistics, compared by health literacy level with logistic regression, adjusting for race/ethnicity and income. Semistructured qualitative interviews to elicit reasons for preferences, content preference, and impact of health information were conducted and analyzed using content analysis. Surveys (n = 71) showed that despite equal access to online health information, parents with low health literacy were more likely to use the internet less frequently than daily ( P < .01). Surveys and interviews (n = 30) revealed that health information will be most effective when distributed by a health care professional and must be made available in multiple modalities. Parents requested general information about childhood illness, including diagnosis, treatment, and signs and symptoms. Many parents believed that appropriate health information would change their decision-making regarding seeking care during their child’s next illness.
Measurement of surface parameters of three-dimensional braided composite preform based on curvature scale space corner detector
Authors: Xiao Zhitao , Pei Lei , Zhang Fang , Geng Lei , Wu Jun , Tong Jun , Xi Jiangtao , Ogunbona Philip O.
Published: September 2017

Surface braiding angle and pitch length are two important parameters for characterizing and evaluating the performance of three-dimensional braided composite preforms. In this paper a new method based on an improved curvature scale space corner detector with adaptive threshold is proposed for measuring these parameters, with applications to three-dimensional, four-directional carbon-fiber braided composite preforms. First, the original image is acquired using a system employing ‘dome light source + CCD camera + circular polarizing filter’. Second, the original image is processed using Lab transform and BM3D (block-matching and 3D filter). Third, the corners are detected using an improved curvature scale space corner detector with adaptive threshold. Finally, the pitch lengths and surface braiding angles are measured from the detected corners. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve automatic measurement of the pitch length and surface braiding angle with smaller average errors relative to manual measurements compared with alternative schemes.
Global justice: Shaped rather than found
Authors: Shapcott Richard
Published: September 2017

This article argues that global egalitarian accounts of global justice are insufficient and inappropriate to the task of thinking globally about justice. This article argues that the most pervasive approaches to cosmopolitanism, and in particular global egalitarian accounts, are of limited utility because they assume the existence of suitable preconditions which are absent, in particular the lack of a global reflective equilibrium. In so doing, they ignore the requisite precondition for their own thought to be either persuasive or possible as a basis for genuine conduct or institutional reform. This article argues that the task for cosmopolitan thought is to think about how cosmopolitanism can in the words of Richard Rorty be ‘shaped rather than found’ and what that would mean for how we construct accounts of global justice and other pressing cosmopolitan issues. It concludes that developing a theory of global justice requires at least a theoretical engagement with non-Western political thought.
Hitting two birds with one stone: An afterword on archeology and the history of science
Authors: Brusius Mirjam
Published: September 2017

This afterword comments on the articles gathered together in this special section of History of Science (“Disassembling Archaeology, Reassembling the Modern World”). Criticizing the consistent lack of institutional infrastructure for histories of archaeology in the history of science, the piece argues that scholars should recognize the commonality of archaeology’s practices with those of the nineteenth and twentieth century field sciences that have received more historical attention. The piece also suggests avenues to help take this approach further, such as combining expertise from historians of the biological sciences and of antiquarianism and archaeology to look at the history of the understanding of human variation and race. Finally, the afterword suggests that scholars should reconsider the idea of archaeology’s reliance on institutionalised practices, thinking about the use and re-use of material culture in more diverse and pragmatic social contexts.
Sensibility and Uncertainties Analysis method dedicated to home energy management problem
Authors: Le Minh-Hoang , Ploix Stephane
Published: September 2017

This paper focuses on the energy management problem applied to residential sector. The studied optimization problem is defined as the optimal management of production and consumption activities in buildings. A scheduling problem is identified to adjust the energy consumption to both the energy cost and the users’ comfort. The optimization procedure of energy management is based on available predictions (weather forecast, users habit, etc.). These predictions are not entirely known data of the optimization problem because of uncertainties. Parametric uncertainties are introduced in the home energy management problem in order to provide robust energy allocation. To improve the taking into account of uncertainties of prediction and the energy management problems, a Sensibility and Uncertainties Analysis method based on the procedure Branch & Bound and the multi-parametric linear programming is proposed. After a description of general principles and main steps, this algorithm is applied to various energy flow management problems in a smart platform.

Practical application: The problem of energy management in buildings is described as the optimization problem which is defined to adjust the energy consumption of buildings in order to reach equilibrium between production and consumption on the grid. This home energy management problem has been modeled with a lot of parameters that are uncertain data. This is generally the case in modeling. This is particularly true in the energy management problem because of the high sensitivity of the decision (the energy allocation) to the data. The proposed approach permits to analyze the sensitivity of the solutions according to uncertain parameters. Then the impact of an uncertainty can be analyzed. Each family of solutions can be used to quantify locally the stability of a robust solution over the uncertainties.
Adolescents’ and mothers’ temperament types and their roles in early adolescents’ socioemotional functioning
Authors: Hirvonen Riikka , Väänänen Johanna , Aunola Kaisa , Ahonen Timo , Kiuru Noona
Published: September 2017

The present study examined adolescents’ and mothers’ temperament types and their roles in the socioemotional functioning of early adolescents. A total of 869 sixth-grade students and 668 mothers participated in the study. The students rated their temperament and socioemotional functioning and the mothers rated their own temperament. Latent profile analyses identified four temperament types among the adolescents (resilient, reserved, average, and mixed) and three types among the mothers (resilient, average, and mixed). The results showed that the adolescents with resilient or reserved temperaments reported significantly fewer conduct problems and emotional symptoms, less hyperactivity, and higher prosociality than adolescents with a mixed temperament type. The most adaptive adolescent–mother temperament matches were between a resilient or reserved adolescent and a resilient or average mother; these adolescents reported the highest levels of socioemotional functioning. Mothers with mixed or average temperaments were related to fewer conduct problems and emotional symptoms and less hyperactivity among adolescents with a mixed temperament, while mothers with a resilient temperament type were beneficial for prosocial behavior among adolescents with a mixed temperament. These findings increase understanding of the role of temperament and the interplay between adolescents’ and mothers’ temperaments in the development of early adolescents’ socioemotional adjustment.
Sportswomen and Social Media: Bringing Third-Wave Feminism, Postfeminism, and Neoliberal Feminism Into Conversation
Authors: Thorpe Holly , Toffoletti Kim , Bruce Toni
Published: September 2017

In this article, we take seriously the challenges of making sense of a sporting (and media) context that increasingly engages female athletes as active, visible, and autonomous, while inequalities pertaining to gender, sexuality, race, and class remain stubbornly persistent across sport institutions and practices. We do so by engaging with three recent feminist critiques that have sought to respond to the changing operations of gender relations and the articulation of gendered subjectivities, namely, third-wave feminism, postfeminism, and neoliberal feminism, and applying each to the same concrete setting—the social media self-representation of Hawaiian professional surfer Alana Blanchard. In aiming to conceptually illustrate the utility of these three feminist critiques, we are not advocating for any single approach. Rather, we critically demonstrate what each offers for explaining how current discourses are being internalized, embodied, and practiced by young (sports)women, as they make meaning of, and respond to, the conditions of their lives.
Effect of Loading on In Vivo Tibiofemoral and Patellofemoral Kinematics of Healthy and ACL-Reconstructed Knees
Authors: Kaiser Jarred M. , Vignos Michael F. , Kijowski Richard , Baer Geoffrey , Thelen Darryl G.
Published: September 2017

Background:

Although knees that have undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) often exhibit normal laxity on clinical examination, abnormal kinematic patterns have been observed when the joint is dynamically loaded during whole body activity. This study investigated whether abnormal knee kinematics arise with loading under isolated dynamic movements.

Hypothesis:

Tibiofemoral and patellofemoral kinematics of ACLR knees will be similar to those of the contralateral uninjured control knee during passive flexion-extension, with bilateral differences emerging when an inertial load is applied.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

The bilateral knees of 18 subjects who had undergone unilateral ACLR within the past 4 years were imaged by use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Their knees were cyclically (0.5 Hz) flexed passively. Subjects then actively flexed and extended their knees against an inertial load that induced stretch-shortening quadriceps contractions, as seen during the load acceptance phase of gait. A dynamic, volumetric, MRI sequence was used to track tibiofemoral and patellofemoral kinematics through 6 degrees of freedom. A repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to compare secondary tibiofemoral and patellofemoral kinematics between ACLR and healthy contralateral knees during the passive and active extension phases of the cyclic motion.

Results:

Relative to the passive motion, inertial loading induced significant shifts in anterior and superior tibial translation, internal tibial rotation, and all patellofemoral degrees of freedom. As hypothesized, tibiofemoral and patellofemoral kinematics were bilaterally symmetric during the passive condition. However, inertial loading induced bilateral differences, with the ACLR knees exhibiting a significant shift toward external tibial rotation. A trend toward greater medial and anterior tibial translation was seen in the ACLR knees.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates that abnormal knee kinematic patterns in ACLR knees emerge during a simple, active knee flexion-extension task that can be performed in an MRI scanner.

Clinical Relevance:

It is hypothesized that abnormal knee kinematics may alter cartilage loading patterns and thereby contribute to increased risk for osteoarthritis. Recent advances in quantitative MRI can be used to detect early cartilage degeneration in ACLR knees. This study demonstrates the feasibility of identifying abnormal ACLR kinematics by use of dynamic MRI, supporting the combined use of dynamic and quantitative MRI to investigate the proposed link between knee motion, cartilage contact, and early biomarkers of cartilage degeneration.
Four-week dietary supplementation with 10- and/or 15-fold basal choline caused decreased body weight in Sprague Dawley rats
Authors: Bagley Bradford D , Chang Shu-Ching , Ehresman David J , Eveland Alan , Parker George A , Peters Jeffrey M , Butenhoff John L
Published: September 2017

Choline is an essential nutrient utilized for phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis and lipoprotein packaging and secretion. Recently, choline supplementation has been used by athletes and the public for weight loss. However, the potential toxicological impact of choline dietary supplementation requires further investigation. This study examined the effects of choline dietary supplementation in Sprague Dawley rats for 4 weeks. Rats were fed diets containing basal choline levels (control) or 5-, 10-, or 15-fold (5×, 10×, or 15×) basal diet concentration. In groups fed choline-supplemented diets, there were no toxicologically relevant findings in clinical observations, food intake, clinical chemistry, liver weights, or liver histopathology. However, decreased mean body weights (8.5–10.2%) and body weight gains (24–31%) were noted for the 10× choline-supplemented (females only) and 15× choline-supplemented (both sexes) groups relative to the control groups from day 3 onward. These body weight effects were not related to a persistent reduction in average food intake. Serum cholesterol was increased in the 15× choline-supplemented male rats relative to the controls, an expected effect of choline supplementation; however, there were no changes in the serum cholesterol of female rats. Serum choline concentrations were increased in female rats relative to the male rats across all treatment groups. The maximum tolerated dose for male and female rats were the 15× and 10× choline supplements, respectively, based on decreased mean body weight and body weight gains. This study supported the conclusions of a clinical trial that showed a high choline diet can decrease body weight in humans.
An on-machine error compensation method for an ultra-precision turning machine
Authors: Zou Xicong , Zhao Xuesen , Li Guo , Li Zengqiang , Hu Zhenjiang , Sun Tao
Published: September 2017

On-machine error compensation (OMEC) is efficient at improving machining accuracy without increasing extra manufacturing cost, and involves the on-machine measurement (OMM) of machining accuracy and modification of program code based on the measurement results. As an excellent OMM technique, chromatic confocal sensing allows for the rapid development of accurate and reliable error compensation technique. The present study integrated a non-contact chromatic confocal probe into an ultra-precision machine for OMM and OMEC of machined components. First, the configuration and effectiveness of the OMM system were briefly described, and the relevant OMEC method was presented. With the OMM result, error compensation software was then developed to automatically generate a modified program code for error compensation. Finally, a series of cutting experiments were performed to verify the validity of the proposed OMEC method. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed error compensation method is reliable and considerably improves the form error of machined components.
A new moving model test method for the measurement of aerodynamic drag coefficient of high-speed trains based on machine vision
Authors: Li Zhiwei , Yang Mingzhi , Huang Sha , Zhou Dan
Published: September 2017

A moving model test method has been proposed to measure the aerodynamic drag coefficient of a high-speed train based on machine vision technology. The total resistance can be expressed as the track friction resistance and the aerodynamic drag according to Davis equation. Cameras are set on one side of the track to capture the pictures of the train, from which the line marks on the side surface of the train are extracted and analyzed to calculate the speed and acceleration of the train. According to Newton’s second law, the aerodynamic drag coefficient can be resolved through multiple tests at different train speeds. Comparisons are carried out with the full-scale coasting test, wind tunnel test, and numerical simulation; good agreement is obtained between the moving model test and the full-scale field coasting test with difference within 1.51%, which verifies that the method proposed in this paper is feasible and reliable. This method can accurately simulate the relative movement between the train, air, and ground. The non-contact measurement characteristic will increase the test accuracy, providing a new experimental method for the aerodynamic measurement.
Precipitation reconstruction for the Khakassia region, Siberia, from tree rings
Authors: Kostyakova Tatiana V , Touchan Ramzi , Babushkina Elena A , Belokopytova Liliana V
Published: September 2017

A nested July–June precipitation reconstruction for the period AD 1777–2012 was developed from multi-century tree-ring records of Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine) for the Republic of Khakassia in Siberia, Russia. Calibration and verification statistics for the period 1948–2012 show a high level of skill and account for a significant portion of the observed variance (>50%) irrespective of which period is used to develop or verify the regression model. Split-sample validation supports our use of a reconstruction model based on the full period of reliable observational data (1948–2012). Thresholds (25th and 75th percentiles) based on the empirical cumulative distribution of 1948–2012 observed precipitation were used to delineate dry years and wet years of the long-term reconstruction. The longest reconstructed dry period, defined as consecutive years with less than 25th percentile of observed July–June precipitation, was 3 years (1861–1863). There was no significant difference in the number dry and wet periods during the 236 years of the reconstructed precipitation. Maps of geopotential height anomalies indicate that dry years differ from wet years primarily in the location of an anomalous 500-mb ridge approximately over the study area.