bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unusual coloration pattern in juveniles of Stegastes fuscus (Actinopterygii: Pomacentridae)
Authors: DE ARAÚJO MARIA ELISABETH , MARANHÃO HENRIQUE A. , VÉRAS DRÁUSIO P. , HAZIN FÁBIO
Published: July 2019

The diversity of color patterns in reef fishes, associated with the investigation of areas that had never been studied before, has resulted in a growing number of new species being described (Rocha, 2004; Lima et al. 2005; Rocha et al. 2007). However, the contrary is also true and in some cases recognized species are in reality populations or subspecies with fragile diagnoses (Wiley, 1981). This seems to be the case for Stegastes fuscus and other species of the same genus. Stegastes trindadensis (Gasparini et al. 1999) was separated from S. fuscus because it presents a yellow area in the dorsal fin, during its juvenile phase. Nevertheless, Gasparini and Floeter (2001) recognized that S. trindadensis should be reclassified as a subspecies. Juveniles of S. fuscus with a different color pattern described for the species have been found in natural reefs of Porto de Galinhas and Tamandaré (B.P. Ferreira, pers. comm. 2007), as well as in shipwrecks located along the coast of Pernambuco, with records also for Paraiba (L.A. Rocha, pers. comm. 2007) and the southeastern Brazilian coast (Carvalho-Filho, 1999). Besides the bluish color with scintillating spots, these specimens also have a dorso-anterior band in yellowish and reddish colors (Fig. 1), which is not present on the common color pattern (Fig. 2). This color pattern was previously unknown for this species, and further genetic investigation is necessary to determine if it differs from the normal color morph. The authors thank Dr. George and Mathews Burguess for their suggestions, and Dr. L.A Rocha for the valuable discussion.
Notes on the morphology, taxonomy, and natural history of the genus Platycerus Geoffroy from China, with the description of a new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)
Authors: HUANG HAO , CHEN CHANG-CHIN
Published: July 2019

A checklist of the genus Platycerus Geoffroy is updated. A method for the observation of endophallus is introduced and used for the study of four species of Platycerus from China. The morphology of Chinese species of Platycerus is reviewed, and all the useful morphological characters are clarified. A character matrix is made to accumulate all the current information on morphology of Chinese species. Platycerus yingqii sp. nov. is described from the northern slope of Mount Taibaishan, southern Shaanxi, China. This new species is similar to Platycerus rugosus, but can be distinguished by male with a browner dorsal surface, remarkably shorter tarsi, lighter and redder ventrites, shorter gap between incisor teeth and mola, male genitalia with different endophallus, female with shorter metatarsi, and female genitalia with the inner apex of hemisternite not protruding beyond the outer apex. The morphological characters of the other three species from China are also studied. A key to the geographical species groups of Platycerus is presented. Keys to the Chinese species are provided for both males and females. Finally some natural history notes are given for some species of Platycerus from China.
Rediscovery of Calisto israeli Torre, with nomenclatural notes on the larger species of Cuban Calisto (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)
Authors: AGUILA RAYNER NÚÑEZ
Published: July 2019

Thirty-five years after its original description, Calisto israeli Torre has been rediscovered. The species is redescribed using traditional characters and others little or never used before within this genus such as morphology of labial palpi, legs and shape of male androconial patch. Diagnostic characters include the large triangular patch of white scales on the underside of hindwing anal margin, the shape of androconial patch and the male genitalia having an arched aedeagus with a swollen base. New localities are added to its distribution and notes on its habitat and potential hostplants are given. The possible role of Nipe–Sagua–Baracoa Mountains as a center of evolution for the genus Calisto in Cuba is evaluated. The larger species of Calisto from the mountains of Cuba are compared to the Bahamian Calisto sibylla Bates. The isolation of Calisto species on the islands, their low over–water dispersal capacity, as well as habitat and morphological differences support ranking the Cuban species as distinct from C. sibylla.
A new species of dink frog (Anura: Eleutherodactylidae: Diasporus) from Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica
Authors: CHAVES GERARDO , GARCÍA-RODRÍGUEZ ADRIÁN , MORA ALEJANDRA , LEAL ALEJANDRO
Published: July 2019

A new dink frog species of the genus Diasporus (Eleutherodactylidae) is described from the Cordillera de Talamanca in Costa Rica. The new species shows an amazing polymorphism in the dorsal and ventral coloration that varies from red to black and white that is unique in the genus. Here we include the description of its mating call, sexual dimorphism relative to coloration, and comments on its distribution and conservation status. In addition, molecular data that complement the morphological taxonomy are shown.
First record of Pterygodermatites (Pterygodermatites) (Nematoda: Rictulariidae) in South America, with the description of a new species from the Atlantic Forest, southeast Brazil
Authors: SIMÕES MARIANA BRANDÃO , MOREIRA NARCISA IMACULADA BRANT , LEITE YURI LUIZ REIS
Published: July 2019

Pterygodermatites are parasitic nematodes found in mammals worldwide, except Australia. There are 38 described species, which are found parasitizing bats, rodents, marsupials, carnivores and primates. We present taxonomic notes on nematodes collected from the digestive tract of bats from the Atlantic Forest in southeast Brazil. Two species previously recorded in marsupials in this region, Pterygodermatites (Paucipectines) elegans and Pterygodermatites (Paucipectines) jagerskioldi, were found parasitizing molossid and vespertilionid bats, respectively. A new species Pterygodermatites (Pterygodermatites) atlanticaensis found in phyllostomid bats is here described. Despite earlier work based on females, taxonomic work on this group of nematodes is usually based on male characters, such as position and number of caudal papillae, which is a problem because males are short-lived and not easily found. Here we also describe in detail female characters, such as position of the last pair of cuticular processes relative to the posterior end. This is the first record of P. (Pterygodermatites) in South America and the first record of P. (Paucipectines) jagerskioldi in bats.
Why Central Neck Dissection Works (and Fails) for Recurrent Thyroglossal Duct Remnants
Authors: Isaacson Glenn , Kaplon Adam , Tint Derrick
Published: July 2019

Objective:

To review the patient characteristics and outcomes for children and undergoing central neck dissection for control of recurrent thyroglossal duct cysts and fistula following prior Sistrunk procedures and children requiring surgery for refractory infection.

Methods:

We performed a computerized review of all children who were evaluated for thyroglossal duct cysts during the years 1999-2018 by a single surgeon operating at an urban children’s hospital and an outpatient surgical center. Those requiring a central neck dissection for control of recurrent disease or intractable infection were identified. Age at time of surgery, sex, surgical procedure, and postoperative complications were recorded. These data were combined with similar data from a published report by the same surgeon in the years 1990-1998 to complete a 28-year review.

Results:

18 central neck dissections were performed including 13 for recurrent thyroglossal duct remnants after Sistrunk procedures and 5 primary surgeries for intractable infection. Ages ranged from 3 to 19 years (median = 10 years) and 13 of 18 were girls (72%). Four children had their first Sistrunk surgery performed by the senior author. Three children operated elsewhere had intact hyoid bones at the time of revision surgery, suggesting less-than-Sistrunk primary surgeries. Central neck dissection controlled disease in the lower neck in all cases. One child re-fistulized at the level of the hyoid.

Conclusions:

Central neck dissection in combination with a Sistrunk-type dissection of the tongue base is effective in the control of recurrent infection following unsuccessful Sistrunk surgery and aids in dissection for children with intractable infection. Although this technique reliably controls infrahyoid disease and improves access to the hyoid and posterior hyoid space, it does nothing to address the difficulties of following the thyroglossal tract into the tongue base.
Direct Visualization of Laryngeal Mucociliary Clearance in Adults
Authors: O’Neil Luke M. , Jefferson Niall D.
Published: July 2019

Objectives:

Mucociliary clearance is a protective mechanism of the respiratory tract that facilitates the removal of foreign particles and microorganisms. There is a paucity of data on the mucociliary clearance in the adult larynx. Our study aims to visualize and describe the mucociliary clearance of the adult larynx in healthy subjects.

Methodology:

Subjects were identified from a volunteer database. Exclusion criteria included laryngeal disease, previous laryngeal surgery, recent upper respiratory infection, and current smoking. A high-definition videolaryngoscope was used to visualize the larynx. The larynx was topicalised with local anesthetic. Methylene blue was placed on both false vocal cords and at the petiole of the epiglottis. Dye clearance was recorded and analyzed.

Results:

In total, 10 participants participated, 7 men and 3 women, with a mean age of 42 ± 15.7 years (range: 25-71). The average reflux symptom index score was 1.4. Clearance of the dye from the false vocal cords followed a uniform lateral flow, up onto the aryepiglottic folds. The dye from the petiole had minimal vertical movement. Swallowing cleared dye from the aryepiglottic folds. The average time for dye clearance to the aryepiglottic fold was 2.21 ± 1.14 minutes.

Conclusions:

This is the first study visualizing the mucociliary clearance of the larynx. Ciliary directionality was consistent in the participants studied, with dye moving superolateral from the false cords to the aryepiglottic fold. Swallowing was an effective mechanism for clearance from the endolarynx, when the dye had reached the aryepiglottic fold. Future research can study potential alterations in laryngeal mucociliary clearance in chronic disease states.
Expressive Writing Intervention With Cuban-American and Puerto Rican Parents of LGBTQ Individuals
Authors: Abreu Roberto L. , Riggle Ellen D. B. , Rostosky Sharon S.
Published: July 2019

Acceptance by parental figures is one of the most important protective factors for the mental health of LGBTQ individuals. To date, little is known about the experiences of Latinx parental figures of LGBTQ children. Thirty Latinx parental figures (19 Cuban-Americans; 11 Puerto Ricans) completed an expressive writing intervention focusing on cultural strengths and challenges that influenced their journey toward accepting their LGBTQ child. Thematic analysis revealed Latinx-specific cultural strengths and challenges, such as familismo, caballerismo, machismo, and marianismo that influenced the process toward acceptance of their child. Parental figures reported feelings of happiness, pride, peace, satisfaction and relief, as well as mixed feelings and emotions following the writing intervention. Strength-based approaches to working with Latinx parental figures of LGBTQ individuals are discussed.
Vocabularies of Spatiality in French Colonial Urbanism: Some Covert Rationales of Street Names in Colonial Dakar, West Africa and Saigon, Indochina
Authors: Njoh Ambe J. , Chie Esther P.
Published: July 2019

The study analyses toponymic practices in two colonial spaces on two continents. The colonial spaces, Dakar and Saigon, were capitals of the Federation of French West Africa and French Indochina, respectively. Toponymy is used as a tool to articulate socio-cultural and political power in both spaces; also, streets were christened after French military, politico-administrative and religious personalities. Two differences are noted. First, streets in colonial Saigon were named after French military heroes and clergymen, while streets in Dakar were named after French political luminaries. Second, post-colonial Saigon witnessed efforts to re-appropriate the city’s identity, but not so in Dakar.
Evaluation of boron nitride nanoparticles on delamination in drilling carbon fiber epoxy nanocomposite materials
Authors: Burak Kaybal Halil , Unuvar Ali , Kaynak Yusuf , Avcı Ahmet
Published: July 2019

The reinforcements of nanoparticles have an important role in improving the machinability of nanocomposite materials. Except for the known nanoparticles such as carbon nanotube, graphene, nanoclay, etc., the effect of boron nitride reinforcement on the machinability of composite materials are a recent research topic. In this study, boron nitride nanoparticle was introduced to the matrix resin that brings about additional strength and enhancement in thermal and mechanical properties of the composite. Though it was confirmed that this composition enhances the focused properties, it is necessary to investigate drilling performance of these composite and identify the effects of this boron nitride nanoparticle on machinability of carbon fiber epoxy nanocomposite considering thrust force, delamination factor, etc. Accordingly, while the thrust force is increased by reinforcement of the boron nitride nanoparticles, on the contrary of literature, delamination factor is tend to reduce as compared with reference composite. This experimental study shows the addition of boron nitride nanoparticles help to reduce delamination factor of carbon fiber epoxy nanocomposite. In addition, hole surfaces and drilling mechanism analyzed with optical and scanning electron microscope about damage estimation.
Thermally stimulated depolarization current characteristic of EVA–conductive PPy composites
Authors: Thabet F. S. , AbdElbary A. M. , Nasr G. M.
Published: July 2019

Thermally stimulated depolarization current in pure poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) and poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) composites with different amounts of polypyrrole/carbon nanoparticles (of various weight ratios, 100:0, 95:5, 90:10, 85:15, 80:20, and 70:30) have been investigated at poling temperature 363 K using different polarizing voltage. Thermograms of pure and composite samples have two or three peaks over all temperature ranges depending on the polarizing voltage. The decrease in peak height with increased polarized voltage is observed in pure poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) samples loaded with 5%, 10%, 15%, and 30% polypyrrole due to the detrapping of the large amounts of charge results in electrode blocking and decrease in thermally stimulated depolarization current in those samples. The molecular parameters, such as activation energy E, charge released Q, and relaxation times τ0 and τ m for thermally stimulated depolarization current peaks have been estimated.
Burkinabe Children’s Acquisition and Construction of Astronomical Knowledge
Authors: Frède Valérie , Frappart Sören , Jmel Saïd
Published: July 2019

Knowledge acquisition and construction in astronomy is a difficult process, as the scientific concepts are mainly counterintuitive. Few studies in this domain have sought to understand children’s conceptual development by focusing on the characteristics of their developmental context. Our aim was thus to enhance current understanding of knowledge development in astronomy by studying children in a cultural context where the scientific worldview is not the dominant one. To this end, we interviewed 120 middle-class children from Burkina Faso (approximately 50% girls) in Grades 1, 3, 5, and 8 about their understanding of the Earth’s shape and the day–night cycle. Our results showed that first and third graders’ responses mainly relied on everyday observations of the Earth (i.e., flat) and a geocentric vision of the day–night cycle, but some scientific elements did appear in the fifth and eighth graders’ answers, probably owing to the science lessons they received at school. The present study shows that (a) when they are congruent, everyday observations, initial knowledge and everyday testimony, constitute a strong basis for children’s knowledge construction in astronomy and (b) even in Grade 8, after they have been exposed to classroom teaching of astronomy that promotes a scientific worldview, Burkinabe children have a mainly hybrid knowledge, mixing the scientific worldview with their own initial one. We can therefore confirm Jegede’s assertion that, for some non-Western children, nothing short of a revolution is needed to acquire a full scientific understanding and put aside traditional beliefs.
The Moral Dangers of Technocratic Medicine
Authors: Travaline John M.
Published: July 2019

Current healthcare practices are becoming increasingly threatened by technocracy, and the influence of technocratic oversight of medicine as a profession compromises good, compassionate care. A real-life case illustrating how technocratic oversight in health care threatens the practice of medicine and health care in general serves as a basis for discussing some of the common perils inherent in a technocratic model of medicine. This article suggests antidotes and concludes with alternate pathways to practice medicine amid technocratic challenges.

Summary: This article discusses technocracy in current U.S. healthcare in order to raise awareness of its potentially negative effects. It then offers an overview of remedies based on Christian anthropology.
Living with difference: Refugee education and school segregation processes in Greece
Authors: Vergou Pinelopi
Published: July 2019

Global challenges and recent changes in conflict areas in the Middle East, Asia and Africa are reasons for the contemporary forced migration into European countries, which have become places of destination or transit posts for a great number of refugees. Cities have become the focus of the socio-spatial debate, as the main units for receiving refugees, either in state camps or in social housing in city centres. In this article, the focus is on the social-spatial configuration of refugee accommodation in local communities and the way these formations generate urban and school segregation. We argue that the placement of urban refugees in large, camp-like structures with low housing standards, mainly in areas outside cities or in rural areas, provides ground not only for social exclusion and ‘territorial stigmatisation’ but also for de facto school segregation. Furthermore, the attempts to house refugees in small cities, through United Nations and NGO-supplied houses, may also raise concerns about the way dispersal policies are implemented, with the distribution of refugee children in specific schools as a result of territorial social-spatial segregation. In both cases, the school segregation of refugees is connected not only with the implications of immigration and education policies but also with the social practices of local communities and the social-spatial characteristics that determine school education. The empirical material of this study is based on information on the socio-economic profiles of neighbourhoods at the census tract level and on qualitative research, through in-depth semi-structured interviews in two different cities in Greece.
Green gentrification or ‘just green enough’: Do park location, size and function affect whether a place gentrifies or not?
Authors: Rigolon Alessandro , Németh Jeremy
Published: July 2019

Recent research shows that the establishment of new parks in historically disinvested neighbourhoods can result in housing price increases and the displacement of low-income people of colour. Some suggest that a ‘just green enough’ approach, in particular its call for the creation of small parks and nearby affordable housing, can reduce the chances of this phenomenon some call ‘green gentrification’. Yet, no study has tested these claims empirically across a sample of diverse cities. Focusing on 10 cities in the United States, we run multilevel logistic regressions to uncover whether the location (distance from downtown), size and function (active transportation) of new parks built in the 2000–2008 and 2008–2015 periods predict whether the census tracts around them gentrified. We find that park function and location are strong predictors of gentrification, whereas park size is not. In particular, new greenway parks with an active transportation component built in the 2008–2015 period triggered gentrification more than other park types, and new parks located closer to downtown tend to foster gentrification more than parks on a city’s outskirts. These findings call into question the ‘just green enough’ claim that small parks foster green gentrification less than larger parks do.
Field Partitioning: The Emergence, Development and Consolidation of Subfields
Authors: Faulconbridge James , Muzio Daniel
Published: July 2019

This paper develops the concept of the subfield as a key feature of field-level change. In particular, it analyses how a subfield emerges, develops and consolidates itself over time. It does this through the concept of field partitioning whereby a formerly established field generates a distinct subfield with its own institutional infrastructure. Three mechanisms are identified (focusing on new opportunities; inter-organization studies and intra-subfield networking; and distinction) through which field partitioning occurs. Each mechanism is shown to contribute to the development of specific aspects of the subfield’s institutional infrastructure, as part of a dynamic process that differentiates the subfield from its parent field.
Animal Models of Peripheral Pain: Biology Review and Application for Drug Discovery
Authors: Kaliyaperumal Saravanan , Wilson Kristin , Aeffner Famke , Dean Charles
Published: July 2019

Pain is a complex constellation of cognitive, unpleasant sensory, and emotional experiences that primarily serves as a survival mechanism. Pain arises in the peripheral nervous system and pain signals synapse with nerve tracts extending into the central nervous system. Several different schemes are used to classify pain, including the underlying mechanism, tissues primarily affected, and time-course. Numerous animal models of pain, which should be employed with appropriate Institutional Animal Care and Use approvals, have been developed to elucidate pathophysiology mechanisms and aid in identification of novel therapeutic targets. The variety of available models underscores the observations that pain phenotypes are driven by several distinct mechanisms. Pain outcome measurement encompasses both reflexive (responses to heat, cold, mechanical and electrical stimuli) and nonreflexive (spontaneous pain responses to stimuli) behaviors. However, the question of translatability to human pain conditions and potential treatment outcomes remains a topic of continued scrutiny. In this review we discuss the different types of pain and their mechanisms and pathways, available rodent pain models with an emphasis on type of pain stimulations and pain outcome measures and discuss the role of pathologists in assessing and validating pain models.
Transition-to-U.S. Practice Experiences of Internationally Educated Nurses: An Integrative Review
Authors: Ghazal Lauren V. , Ma Chenjuan , Djukic Maja , Squires Allison
Published: July 2019

Internationally educated nurses (IENs) are an important part of the U.S. nursing workforce. Optimizing their transition-to-practice (TTP) experiences in the United States is crucial for ensuring high-quality patient and IENs’ outcomes. The purpose of this integrative review is to analyze and synthesize the current evidence surrounding IEN TTP experiences in the United States from 2000 to 2018 to inform improvements in TTP. Eighteen studies were included. TTP was defined through IENs’ description of facilitators and barriers of the transition process and presented in seven themes. Two themes were facilitators: support from family and nursing colleagues, and perceptions of self-efficacy. The remaining five themes were barriers: (a) the stigma associated with educational preparation, (b) communication and language, (c) differences in culture, (d) differences in nursing practice, and (e) legal issues. Findings are important for improving TTP programs. Further research focusing on the outcomes of transition programs is needed to inform policymaking surrounding IEN recruitment and retention.
Complexity and coordination in London’s Silvertown Quays: How real estate developers (re)centred themselves in the planning process
Authors: Brill Frances
Published: July 2019

This paper contributes to existing research on the relational work of real estate developers to demonstrate how internal corporate complexities create opaqueness in governance settings and limit potential community engagement. This work is particularly pertinent at a time when there is renewed interest in the private sector, yet very little analysis that begins from the perspective of the developer. Drawing on the example of London’s Silvertown, this paper shows how the strategies of development organizations evident in existing research, including their work with the public sector, communities and experts, require multiple levels of internal coordination. I argue that because of these sub-centres of power, developers are able to maintain a more deeply entrenched centrality in urban governance.
Identification of mechanical prosthetic heart valves based on distinctive cinefluoroscopic and echocardiographic markers
Authors: Kalçık Macit , Güner Ahmet , Yesin Mahmut , Bayam Emrah , Kalkan Semih , Gündüz Sabahattin , Gürsoy Mustafa Ozan , Karakoyun Süleyman , Cerşit Sinan , Özkan Mehmet
Published: July 2019

The past 65 years have witnessed remarkable progress in the development of safe, hemodynamically favorable mechanical heart valves. Today, there are a large number and variety of prostheses in use and many prostheses have been used for a while and then discontinued. When patients lack reliable information about their heart valve prostheses, identification of valve model becomes difficult even for specialized physicians in this area. A combination of cinefluoroscopy and echocardiography makes it possible to provide accurate and detailed information regarding identification of prosthetic valve models. Fluoroscopic examination is a useful technique to evaluate patients following mechanical heart valve replacement. However, transthoracic echocardiography and transesophageal echocardiography have almost replaced cinefluoroscopy in the evaluation of prosthetic heart valves. Especially, real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography provides distinctive images of prosthetic heart valves, particularly for those in the mitral position. A large body of literature has been published to familiarize physicians with the radiological appearance of numerous mechanical prostheses. However, there is a lack of data regarding the identification of prosthetic valve models based on echocardiographic appearance. In this review, we aimed to describe distinctive echocardiographic and cinefluoroscopic markers for identifying the type and brand of several commonly used mechanical prosthetic heart valves.
Section 1983 Civil Liability Against Prison Officials and Dentists for Delaying Dental Care
Authors: Nolasco Claire Angelique , Vaughn Michael S.
Published: July 2019

Many prisoners enter correctional facilities in the United States with little history of good dental hygiene and even less history of access to dentists. Thus, the incarceration experience presents opportunities for inmates to receive quality dental care, often for the first time. Dental care delivered by correctional dentists is complicated, however, by the array of serious dental conditions and difficult to treat dental problems in clinical settings. These conditions exist within a legal environment that mandates adequate dental care be provided to prisoners by the state. This article examines prisoners’ Section 1983 lawsuits, claiming that delays in the delivery of dental care violate inmates’ federally guaranteed rights. The analysis focuses on what the U.S. Circuit Courts of Appeals have required of correctional officials and dentists in the form of dental care, concluding with nine best practices for correctional dental practitioners to follow to avoid Section 1983 liability.
Cold Winds and Warm Attachments: Interrogating the Personal Attachment to Neoliberal Work and Economy
Authors: Musílek Karel , Jamie Kimberly , McKie Linda
Published: July 2019

The question of personal attachment to work in neoliberalism is subject to debate. Some scholars postulate that personal attachment to work based on durability, collectivity and predictability is weakening because of changes in its organisation; work ceases to provide the basis of subjectivity and identity. Conversely, others claim work, and neoliberal economic logic generally, pervades ever deeper into our lives, shapes our subjectivity, and incites personal and individualised attachments. This article describes four ways social scientists have understood personal attachments: entrepreneurship discourse; biocracy; approaches emphasising desire, lack and affect; and approaches highlighting the normative justifications and ethics of the self. It interrogates their theoretical underpinnings, empirical focus and points of confluence and difference.
Harnessing Neurogenesis and Neuroplasticity with Stem Cell Treatment for Addictive Disorders
Authors: Tsai Sheng-Tzung , Liew Hock-Kean , Li Hao-Ming , Lin Shinn-Zong , Chen Shin-Yuan
Published: July 2019

Drug and alcohol addiction has become an emerging public health issue and is a great burden to patients, their families, and society. It is characterized by high relapse rates and significant morbidity and mortality, and most available treatments result in only modest improvement. These findings highlight the necessity for new approaches to treat addiction. Scientific reports in the past two decades suggest that addiction involves impaired neural plasticity and decreased hippocampal neurogenesis. Stem cell therapy and its derived neurotrophic factors can potentially target the underlying pathophysiology of addiction. Stem cell applications are showing promise in several preclinical studies and may provide new and noninvasive treatment strategies. Future clinical research is warranted to investigate whether stem cell-based therapy could support the treatment of addiction.
A reader response method not just for ‘you’
Authors: Bell Alice , Ensslin Astrid , van der Bom Isabelle , Smith Jen
Published: July 2019

This article contributes to empirical literary studies by offering a new reader response method for examining targeted textual features. With the aim of further establishing the new paradigm of reader response research in stylistics, we utilise a Likert scale – a tool that is usually used to generate data that is analysed quantitatively – to elicit qualitative data and, crucially, show how that data can be synthesised with an analysis of the primary text to provide empirically based conclusions relevant to particular textual features for cognitive narratology and stylistics. While we offer a new method that can be used to investigate textual features in all kinds of text, we exemplify our approach via the investigation of second-person narration in geniwate and Larsen’s digital fiction The Princess Murderer and provide a new understanding of the experiential nature of ambiguous forms of ‘you’ in fiction. Our stylistic analyses show how responses can be generated by linguistic features in the text. We then analyse reader responses to those examples and show that this can provide a more nuanced account of ‘you’ narratives than a stylistic analysis alone because it affords insight into how different readers do or do not psychologically project into and/or assume the role of ‘you’. Our results represent the first time that current typologies of the second person have been empirically tested and we are the first study to find an empirical basis for doubly deictic ‘you’. We therefore contribute a new empirically based understanding of how readers experience ambiguous forms of ‘you’ in fiction.
Kids Are Moving: A Physical Activity Program for Children With Cancer
Authors: Hooke Mary C. , Hoelscher Amy , Tanner Lynn R. , Langevin Mary , Bronas Ulf G. , Maciej Alexis , Mathiason Michelle A.
Published: July 2019

Children undergoing cancer treatment are less active than healthy peers. Inactivity persists into survivorship, negatively influencing health and quality of life. Fatigue is one of the most prevalent symptoms during treatment yet children with increased physical activity (PA) have less fatigue. This pilot study evaluated the impact of coaching on PA and fatigue in children undergoing cancer treatment delivered by pediatric oncology nurse practitioners (NPs) during routine clinic visits. NPs used motivational interviewing during clinic visits to coach children and their families on strategies to increase PA at home. Self-report measures of PA and fatigue were completed at treatment months 2, 4, and 6. PA was also measured using actigraphy. Among 30 children ages 6 to 18 years, 7 had acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 11 had lymphoma, and 12 had solid tumors. Patterns of fatigue were different by disease group with trends to fatigue decreasing during treatment in the patients with ALL ( p = .09) and lymphoma ( p = .13) but increasing in those with solid tumors ( p = .06). Self-report PA was unchanged. Actigraph measurements remained stable for the group. NPs reported time challenges in implementing coaching during the clinic visit and in providing coaching continuity. The intensive, repeating chemotherapy cycles in solid tumor treatment may contribute to increasing fatigue. Treatment intensity decreases during ALL and lymphoma treatment, which may allow for improvement in fatigue. Inactivity persisted during treatment but did not progress. Future research is needed to evaluate more “dose-intensive” PA interventions in larger samples of specific disease groups.
A Systematic Literature Review of the Current State of Knowledge Related to Interventions for Bereaved Parents
Authors: Dias Nancy , Hendricks-Ferguson Verna L. , Wei Holly , Boring Elizabeth , Sewell Kerry , Haase Joan E.
Published: July 2019

Aims:

The purpose of this systematic literature review is to describe the interventions for bereaved parents, evaluate intervention effectiveness through study methodology rigor, replicability, and theoretical foundations.

Methods:

We searched MEDLINE via PubMed (1966-2018), CINAHL (1937-present), PsycINFO (1887-present), and Embase (1947-present) using various search words and MeSH terms related to the study purpose. A blinded screening of title/abstract was performed, with conflicting inclusion decisions resolved through group discussions. Matrices for remaining articles were created and discussed among the team. The levels of evidence of the 9 records were rated from very low to high based on the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation guidelines.

Results:

Our initial pool included 1025 articles. After the screening of titles/abstracts, 63 articles were retained for full-text reviews. Evaluated based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 9 records met the review criteria. Of the 9 records, 1 was graded as very low, 3 low, and 5 low to moderate. The interventions for bereaved parents varied from using single-model interventions such as expressive arts therapy and telephone support to multimodal interventions that combined resources (ie, peer support, resource packets, and health-care support). Only 1 study explicitly illustrated how its bereavement intervention was designed based on the proposed theoretical model.

Conclusions:

This review highlights the need for individualized, well-tested, and effective bereavement care interventions to support bereaved parents. In summary, the state of the science on interventions for bereaved parents is poor and much work needs to be done to effectively address the needs of bereaved parents, including both their physical and emotional health needs.
Transformational Leadership: Perceptions of Building-Level Leaders
Authors: Metz Stephanie , Piro Jody S. , Nitowski Helena , Cosentino Patricia
Published: July 2019

This research explored the transformational leadership traits of principal participants in the Northeast of the United States. The mixed methods case study utilized two data sources: The Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI; n = 110) and individual interviews ( n = 28). Descriptive statistical data analyses highlighted the five pillars of transformative leadership and suggested that the human component of leadership was essential to participant perceptions. Three finding statements emerged from the qualitative data analysis. First, participant principals believed themselves to be transformational leaders. Second, participants considered change to be a central tenet to their understanding of transformational leadership. Finally, the intangible, human elements of leadership were fundamental to participants’ perceptions of transformational leadership. Implications and recommendations are discussed.
Investigation on the validity of creep damage mechanics for the life time prediction of T92 welded joint
Authors: Wang Xiao , Wang Xue , Xu Qiang , Wang Chuang , Zhang Ya-lin , Xiao De-ming
Published: July 2019

This paper reports the damage evolution in ASME T92 welded joints during creep process. The creep test was conducted at 650℃ with applied stress of 90 MPa. The creep specimen was ultimately fractured at the fine-grained heat affected zones after creep for 1560 h. The metallographic results show that the cavity number and size in fine-grained heat affected zones increase with the creep time. The coalescence of creep cavities happened at the late stage of the creep life, which depending on the adjacent voids grows and propagates into the micro-crack. Besides, the deterioration in fine-grained heat affected zones of T92 steel welded joint with various creep time can be simulated based on the continuum damage mechanics with modified Kachanov-Rabotnov constitutive equation. The result of simulated creep rupture life is in good agreement with the experimental value, which indicates that the continuum damage mechanics can be used to predict creep life and evaluate creep deterioration in a T92 steel welded joint.
Vibration analysis of magnetically affected graphene oxide-reinforced nanocomposite beams
Authors: Ebrahimi Farzad , Dabbagh Ali , Civalek Ömer
Published: July 2019

The present article is majorly arranged to survey the vibration problem of a nanocomposite beam reinforced by graphene oxide powder (GOP) whenever the structure is subjected to a nonuniform magnetic field. A higher-order trigonometric refined beam model is extended to achieve the governing equation of the problem according to Hamilton’s principle. The effect of a nonuniform magnetic field is applied to the governing equations by combining the magnetic induction relations of Maxwell with the displacement field equations. Then, the achieved equations are solved by implementing Galerkin’s method to consider the influence of different boundary conditions on the vibrational responses of the beam. On the other hand, the accuracy and efficiency of the presented model is verified by comparing the results from this work with that of published researches. Finally, effects of different variables on the dimensionless frequency of GOP reinforced composite beams are highlighted in the framework of tables and diagrams.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adults: A Population Survey on Public Beliefs
Authors: Speerforck Sven , Hertel Johannes , Stolzenburg Susanne , Grabe Hans J. , Carta Mauro G. , Angermeyer Matthias C. , Schomerus Georg
Published: July 2019

Objective: To investigate beliefs and attitudes of the public toward attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adults. Method: In a representative population survey in Germany ( N = 1,008) using computer-assisted telephone interviews, we asked participants about causal beliefs, illness recognition, treatment recommendations, and beliefs about ADHD, presenting an unlabelled vignette of a child or an adult with ADHD. Results: The most frequently endorsed causal beliefs for the depicted child with ADHD were “TV or Internet,” “lack of parental affection,” and “broken home.” In comparison with the child vignette, biological causal beliefs were endorsed more often after the adult vignette. In the child vignette, 66% advised against a treatment with stimulant medication. About 90% of respondents had heard of ADHD. Of those, 20% said they believed ADHD to be not a real disease. Conclusion: Beliefs of the German public partly contradict evidence and should be considered in therapeutical and public contexts.
Omalizumab as a Provoking Factor for Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Oblitas Crhistian-Mario , Galeano-Valle Francisco , Vela-De La Cruz Laura , Del Toro-Cervera Jorge , Demelo-Rodríguez Pablo
Published: July 2019

A 43-year-old man with a history of severe extrinsic allergic asthma treated with once-monthly omalizumab (600 mg) for the last 15 months. He presented to the emergency room with a 2-week history of right lower limb pain and chest pleuritic pain. Computed tomography pulmonary angiography showed bilateral pulmonary embolism with right-sided pulmonary infarction and ultrasound of right lower limb confirmed distal deep vein thrombosis. No other known risk factors were identified. Treatment with omalizumab was stopped during hospitalization. The Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) Probability Scale classifies this as a probable ADR (score of 6). Omalizumab is a humanized monoclonal anti-IgE antibody indicated for the treatment of persistent moderate-to-severe asthma and certain chronic refractory urticaria. The EXCELS study (The Epidemiologic Study of Xolair (omalizumab): Evaluating Clinical Effectiveness and Long-term Safety in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Asthma), a postmarketing observational cohort study to assess clinical safety profile of omalizumab, showed a significant increase in venous thromboembolism. In conclusion, omalizumab has been associated with arterial and venous thromboembolic events, although the evidence is not definitive.
Challenges of Implementing an Individual Randomized Controlled Trial (Women First: Preconception Maternal Nutrition Study) in a Rural Study Site: A Case Study From Pakistan
Authors: Ali Sumera Aziz , Khan Umber , Abrejo Farina , Saleem Sarah , Hambidge Michael K , Krebs Nancy F , Westcott Jamie E , Goldenberg Robert L , McClure Elizabeth M , Pasha Omrana
Published: July 2019

Persistent global disparities in maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with poor maternal nutrition provided the genesis of the Women First (WF) study, an individually randomized controlled trial on preconceptional maternal nutrition. This article describes the challenges that arose in implementing this trial related to nutrition or diet of the mother, in District Thatta-Pakistan. During different phases of the study, we encountered problems in identifying the eligible participants, taking consent from couples, randomizing participants in different arms, conducting biweekly follow-up visits on time, ensuring compliance to the intervention, and measuring the primary outcome within the 24 hours of birth. Each challenge was itself an opportunity for the research team to address the same through effective coordination and teamwork. Moreover, with adequate resources and dedicated staff with diverse backgrounds, it was possible to implement the WF study across the widely scattered geographic clusters of District Thatta. In addition, there are some broad strategies that could be applied to other studies such as very close contact either in person or at least by talking to mothers via phones and rapport with the study participants, the study leadership of country coordinator and the field supervisors to build trust between those on front lines and the study leadership. Moreover, continuous monitoring and supervision with frequent training and refreshers were also found to be more important to assure the data quality and to meet the study targets. Community meetings were also found to be very helpful and effective to follow the participants for a long time. Researchers conducting a similar type of studies particularly in rural areas can learn many lessons from such experiences. Thus, the process of implementing the study in one of the rural areas of Pakistan provides an insight into where and how similar individual randomized trials might be deployed.
Motivation and self-regulated strategy use: Relationships to primary school students’ English writing in Hong Kong
Authors: Bai Barry , Guo Wenjuan
Published: July 2019

This study was to examine the individual differences in primary school students’ motivation (i.e. growth mindset, self-efficacy, and interest), self-regulated learning strategy use in English writing and the relationships between motivation, strategy use and English writing competence. Participants were 523 4th grade primary school students in Hong Kong. Although the findings showed a general pattern that the high achievers reported higher levels of motivation (i.e. growth mindset, self-efficacy, and interest) and self-regulated learning (SRL) strategy use than the average achievers, who in turn outperformed the low achievers, all the students showed quite a low level of interest in English writing. Interestingly, motivation impacted SRL strategy use very differently for students of different writing competence groups on the whole. Three-group Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) suggested that growth mindset had the strongest and most significant correlations with all students’ use of SRL strategies. However, interest and self-efficacy had different relationship patterns with SRL strategy use among the high, average and low achievers. Interest had no significant relations with the high achievers’ SRL strategy use, while self-efficacy had no significant relations with the low achievers’ SRL strategy use. Implications for English teachers to improve differentiated instruction are discussed.