bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A introdução da ideia de razão através da Resolução de Problemas
Authors: Teixeira Bruno Rodrigo , Rodrigues André Lima , Gardin Francielle Silva
Published: July 2019

Este trabalho apresenta o relato de uma experiência com o ensino do conteúdo matemático Razão através da Resolução de Problemas, trazendo aspectos das fases de planejamento da aula e da regência em sala de aula. A experiência ocorreu no contexto do Estágio Curricular Supervisionado do curso de Licenciatura em Matemática da Universidade Estadual de Londrina, com 15 alunos do 7º ano de uma escola pública da cidade, no ano de 2017. Teve como objetivo introduzir e explorar a ideia de razão e evidenciou que a escolha da abordagem de ensino, através da Resolução de Problemas, foi potencial para que o objetivo fosse atingido. Ainda, oportunizou que os alunos participassem ativamente da aula, e que os estagiários estudassem o conteúdo de maneira aprofundada, estabelecessem relações entre as diferentes estratégias dos estudantes e aprendessem mais sobre a abordagem de ensino e sobre o conteúdo matemático durante todo o processo, desde a elaboração do plano de aula até o momento da regência.
Improvement mechanism of sodium carbonate on traditional composite filler
Authors: Inazumi Shinya , Kuwahara Shuichi , Jotisankasa Apiniti , Chaiprakaikeow Susit
Published: July 2019

Certain issues may be encountered when traditional composite fillers are mixed with cement and bentonite (CF-CB) and applied to cavities in the ground. These issues include the bleeding and separating of water, cement and bentonite, and the long time needed for the strength development. In a series of studies, it has been shown that the suppression of bleeding, earlier gelling and earlier development of strength can be expected by mixing a suitable amount of sodium carbonate in the CF-CB, that is, creating a CF-CBS. The mechanisms of the various properties of CF-CBS and CF-CB were investigated by physical analyses. The following points were clarified from the results of this work. Earlier development of strength and gelling are brought about by the earlier formation of ettringite accompanying the promotion of the cement hydration reaction. The suppression of bleeding can be accomplished by earlier gelling due to the bentonite taking the Na+ ionised from sodium carbonate as an interlayer cation. The increase in strength is attributed to the calcium carbonate produced by CO32− ionising from the sodium carbonate bonding with the Ca2+ dissolved from the interlayer cations of the cement or bentonite.
Impacto de una experiencia interdisciplinaria para desarrollar la redacción de cuentos en el aula de historia desde la metodología a+s
Authors: Valdés León Gabriel , Ceballos Ortiz Francisca , Valdebenito Corail Ana , Farías San Martín Mariana
Published: July 2019

El trabajo que aquí se presenta da cuenta de los resultados obtenidos luego de la implementación de un proyecto de Metodología A+S que la Universidad Católica Silva Henríquez llevó a cabo en conjunto con el colegio municipal Los Bosquinos de Maipú. El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue evaluar el impacto de esta experiencia en el desarrollo de la producción de textos narrativos en el aula de historia, geografía y ciencias sociales mediante un trabajo interdisciplinario. Desde la perspectiva didáctica, se desarrolló un módulo didáctico que se sustenta en la escritura por proyectos desde un enfoque procesual. El estudio, de tipo preexperimental con análisis cuantitativo, considera la revisión textual—por parte de tres jueces expertos—de los cuentos realizados por 32 estudiantes de séptimo básico. Los resultados dan cuenta de una mejora considerable en la calidad de los textos narrativos, con énfasis en la competencia discursiva. Por su parte, se destaca el valor que esta experiencia de A+S representó no solo para la institución de educación superior, sino también para el socio comunitario.
Liderazgo distribuido en estudiantes de posgrado que laboran en instituciones educativas de contextos vulnerables
Authors: Aldoradin Rodríguez Athena Bertha , Flores Castañeda Rosalynn Ornella , Holguin-Alvarez Jhon
Published: July 2019

El liderazgo distribuido es un enfoque transaccional de gestión institucional que ha evolucionado a la concepción de una gestión interactiva entre el director y el profesorado, sin reportar evidencias actuales de su funcionalidad en contextos vulnerables. En razón de ello, la investigación planteó establecer diferencias en cuanto al contexto de vulnerabilidad, género, grado académico, formación posgradual, y años de permanencia laboral. Esto se desarrolló mediante un diseño comparativo – descriptivo transeccional, en una muestra de 154 docentes de instituciones educativas públicas, agrupados acorde al contexto (vulnerable = 86; no vulnerable = 68) del Callao, Perú, para cuyo efecto se utilizó el Cuestionario Multifactorial de Liderazgo Distribuido. El análisis permitió concluir que los profesores del contexto vulnerable, con el menos tiempo laboral en instituciones educativas, y con formación constante (desempeño de maestrías o doctorados), pueden distribuir el liderazgo en mayor medida que los docentes con más años en la carrera pública (nombrados o contratados), sin formación constante. El género no es un diferenciador de este tipo de liderazgo. Finalmente, es necesario hallar nuevas diferencias contextuales, de acuerdo al nivel de apego del docente hacia sus directivos en la gestión con bajos recursos.
Indicadores de evaluación de citas y referencias en tesis de maestría en educación: una muestra peruana
Authors: Hernández Ronald M. , Arias Chávez Dennis , Flores Sotelo Willian Sebastian , Arévalo Tuesta Jose Antonio , Antón De Los Santos Pedro Juan , Yépez Muñiz León Augusto , Lagos Videla Jessica
Published: July 2019

La presente investigación tuvo por objetivo determinar la calidad de citas y referencias de las tesis de Maestría en Educación de universidades peruanas. Se utilizó la técnica del análisis documental y como instrumento se recurrió a la “Guía de observación” propuesta por Martín y Lafuente (2017), compuesta por cinco indicadores de calidad para la revisión bibliográfica (exhaustividad, utilización crítica de la bibliografía, calidad, relevancia y revisión de investigaciones previas); y nueve para las referencias bibliográficas (actualización, cantidad de referencias, autocitación, idioma, tipología, soporte, referencias completas, exactitud y cumplimiento con una norma o estilo). El análisis se realizó a 562 referencias bibliográficas y 1209 citas extraídas de 14 tesis, digitalizadas y publicadas en el Repositorio Nacional Digital de Perú, durante el año 2017. Se evaluaron tanto los mecanismos de citado, como las referencias bibliográficas. Después del análisis estadístico descriptivo se pudo identificar que el nivel alcanzado para ambas variables fue “suficiente”.
Extramedular lesions of a small intestinum in acute myeloid leukemia: case report and literature review
Authors: Dokshina I. A. , Lyanguzov A. V. , Ignatyev S. V. , Sergunina O. Yu. , Kalinina S. L. , Prokopyev E. S. , Dyakonov D. A.
Published: July 2019

Currently, the diagnosis of acute myeloid lekemia is based on the standards of morphological studies and immunophenotyping of the bone marrow. The manifestation of the disease can be accompanied by extramedullary lesions, which are difficult to verify. The article presents a case of diagnosis of acute myeloid lekemia in an elderly w oman, occurring with a leukemic lesion of the small in - testine. Morphological studies and immunophenotyping of small intestine biopsy revealed acute myeloid lekemia blast tumor cells. Difficulties of examination in such cases lead to late revealing of leukemic infiltrates of rare localization and significantly worsen the prognosis.
EEG gamma-band spectral power changes during listening to the rock-music with reduced low-frequency level
Authors: Shpenkov O. , Tukaiev S. , Zyma I.
Published: July 2019

Among musicians, it is well known that depending on signals level of certain frequencies music can elicit different emotions and affect on its strength. Aim: In this study we investigate influence of low-frequency component in rock-music on emotional experience. Methods: 30 volunteers participated in this study. Four stimuli were presented: white noise, song of birds, instrumental rock-composition and rock-composition with reduced low-frequency level. EEGs were recorded during listening to the sounds and music. Results: During listening to the sounds and music the most significant EEG changes were observed mainly in beta and gamma-bands, which related to emotional and cognitive processes. There was general activation in gamma-band during listening to the rock-composition with normal frequency range, as well as during white noise session. Whereas there was increase of SP in gamma-band only in left posterior areas and in right frontal area during listening to the rock-composition with reduced low-frequency signal level. Conclusions: Lesser activation in gamma-band during listening to the second rockcomposition related to the lower level of emotional activation.
STUDYING OF PERSIAN ADVERTISING LANGUAGE IN EUROPEAN AND IRANIAN LINGUISTICS
Authors: Guliyev Anar
Published: July 2019

The article deals with the review of modern approaches to the analysis of advertising language existing nowadays in European Linguistics, the post-Soviet space and in Iranian linguistics as well. The theoretical foundations of the most popular methods of advertising discourse that is stylistic and pragmatic are described.
PHENOMENOLOGICAL CONCEPT IN THE SYNCHRONIC-DIACHRONIC APPROACH TO THE ANALYSIS OF SPAIN NATIONAL CONCEPTUAL SPHERE
Authors: Popova Natalia
Published: July 2019

The article is devoted to the relation and time-spatial dynamics research of the development of national conceptual sphere components’ lexical, pragmatic and grammatical meaning from the phenomenological point of view. Its role in the development of the synchronic-diachronic approach to Spanish national conceptual sphere concepts’ analysis is determined. The variability of concepts’ prototype nuclei is reflected in the lexical-pragmatic and grammatical meaning of the linguistic units. Changes in nationally-tagged concepts’ prototype core and the communicative context provoke a violation of the correlation among different types of linguistic units’ meaning, causing a chain reaction in the systems, which fact is confirmed by the postulate of the phenomenological concept that an individual perceives the surrounding world correlating himself/herself with objects of the surrounding reality. Logic-minded human brain operations, based on emotional and sensory experience, largely depend on historical layers of the prototype core of concepts determining the national identity of the individual. The everyday language use forms symbolic combination of semantic cognitive meaning and syntactic structure of the linguistic units representing the nationally-tagged concepts in the Spanish language world view according to the communicative context and is based on the philosophical theory of phenomenology, the provisions of which serve for both concepts’ actual state research and their historical development patterns investigation. The postulate on human thinking volatility and instability reflecting in the language determines the temporal and spatial development of the national conceptual sphere, the analysis of which components requires synchronic-diachronic approach.
FEATURES OF COHESION IN THE SYNTAX OF FRENCH «NEW NOVEL» (based on the work of A. Robbe-Grillet «In the Labyrinth»)
Authors: Stanislav Olga
Published: July 2019

The article deals with the main characteristics of syntactic cohesive connection in the structure of the textual fabric of the French «the new novel». The importance of implicit cohesive means that adequately reflects the individual author's picture of the world of the new-romanists and correlates with such ideological dominant epochs as anti-traditionalism, subjectivism, and intuition are established.
COOPERATION OF RUSSIA AND THE ORGANIZATION OF THE INCORPORATED NATIONS IN THE DECISION OF GLOBAL PROBLEMS
Authors: Shturba Evgeni
Published: July 2019

In article the review and the analysis of activity of the United Nations under the decision various global questions - from repayment of local conflicts, before activity on improvement of a situation is given in the field of ecology and a demography. Long-term practice of cooperation of the United Nations with the international, national, public and private research organizations is analyzed. In this cooperation the opportunity of development of such program which would serve the decision of modern global problems sees.
Uso de patrones de reconocimiento de las emociones para apoyar la didáctica de enseñanza aprendizaje
Authors: Mancilla Monsalve Jorge Luis
Published: July 2019

Se presenta el desarrollo de una investigación aplicada en el ámbito de la teoría educativa apoyado por procesos en comunicación, que permita el mejoramiento de las estrategias de enseñanza en el ámbito superior técnico profesional o nivel terciario en educación, considerando el uso de patrones de reconocimiento para la captura de las emociones a través de las reacciones faciales de las personas, mediante dispositivos de visión artificial o cámaras en el aula, enmarcados en técnicas biométricas. Este proceso permite la captura de datos del estado del ánimo y disposición; de aspecto cualitativo, ante un estilo de didáctica por parte de las y los estudiantes y con cuyo análisis se logre recabar información que permita ajustar los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje en el ámbito terciario de la educación, con el fin de mejorar su calidad e impactar en el aprendizaje. En la publicación se expone el planteamiento del problema, el marco teórico y los objetivos y las metodologías de desarrollo para la investigación aplicada, considerando la herramienta para la implementación del piloto o prototipo de reconocimiento y las conclusiones.
Exploring nanofibrous self-assembling peptide hydrogels using mouse myoblast cells for three-dimensional bioprinting and tissue engineering applications
Authors: Arab Wafaa , Kahin Kowther , Khan Zainab , A. E. Hauser Charlotte
Published: July 2019

Injured skeletal muscles which lose more than 20% of their volume, known as volumetric muscle loss, can no longer regenerate cells through self-healing. The traditional solution for recovery is through regenerative therapy. As the technology of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting continues to advance, a new approach for tissue transplantation is using biocompatible materials arranged in 3D scaffolds for muscle repair. Ultrashort self-assembling peptide hydrogels compete as a potential biomaterial for muscle tissue formation due to their biocompatibility. In this study, two sequences of ultrashort peptides were analyzed with muscle myoblast cells (C2C12) for cell viability, cell proliferation, and differentiation in 3D cell culture. The peptides were then extruded through a custom-designed robotic 3D bioprinter to create cell-laden 3D structures. These constructs were also analyzed for cell viability through live/dead assay. Results showed that 3D bioprinted structures of peptide hydrogels could be used as tissue platforms for myotube formation – a process necessary for muscle repair.
Anaemia in acute coronary syndrome: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Khan Muhammad Dilawaer , Qazi Jahan Tab , Maqsood Hamza , Qazi Shaheryar , Irshad Khurram , Shakeel Hassan Abdullah
Published: July 2019

Background: Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) are an imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand, and the presence of anaemia further potentiates this imbalance. The burden of anaemia in patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) is significant. Anaemia has the potential to worsen myocardial ischemic insult by decreasing the oxygen content of the blood supplied to the jeopardized myocardium. Present study investigates the prevalence of anaemia in ACS patients attending a tertiary health care institute.Methods: A total of 148 patients with ACS were recruited in the study from July 2018 to October 2018 in Multan institute of cardiology, Pakistan. All patients were subjected to a detailed history and thorough clinical examination and investigations after obtaining informed consent. Patient having any other diseases known to cause anaemia were excluded.Results: Mean age of patients was 49 years. Out of 148, 114 (77%) were males and 34(23%) were females. Prevalence of anaemia was 38% in Male and 58.8% in Female. Among Male, 18.8% were microcytic, 4.54% were macrocytic and 77.27% were normocytic. Among Female, 50% were microcytic and 50%% were normocytic. Prevalence of ACS was higher is patients with diabetes and hypertension combined (31%) than in patient with diabetes alone (17.56%) or hypertension alone (21.62%). 13.51% were pure vegetarians  while 78.37% were on mixed diet consisting of vegetables+meat+pulses.Conclusions: Higher incidence of anaemia was reported in subjects having acute coronary syndrome. Incidence of anaemia in STEMI patients was greater than NSTEMI and unstable angina patients. Severe form of acute coronary syndrome i.e. STEMI was associated with higher incidence of anaemia.
Vascular malformations: a hospital based study
Authors: Sunilkumar Komanapalli , Aithal Karthik , Jena Unmesh Kumar , Prasad Uma , Atla Bhagyalakshmi , Sudhakar P. V.
Published: July 2019

Background: Vascular anomalies comprise a widely heterogeneous group of lesions. Diagnosis and management of these lesions present challenges to the surgeons, radiologists and histopathologists. Accurate classification of these lesions results in appropriate therapy. Aim of the study is to study the role of histopathology and histochemical stain in the diagnosis of vascular malformationMethods: The present study is a hospital based observational study on vascular malformations over a period of three years from 2016 to 2018 done in department of Pathology and Plastic Surgery at tertiary care centre, Visakhapatnam.Results: Out of 107 specimens of vascular anomalies received, 72 cases were vascular neoplasms, 35 were vascular malformations. Majority of the vascular malformations were seen in the cervicofacial region (43%) followed by extremities (37.1%). Most common malformation in the present study was arterio venous malformations (60%) followed by venous malformations (22.8%). Verhoeff’s VanGieson stain demonstrated discontinuity of internal elastic lamina in cases of arteriovenous malformation and helped in differentiating the lesions from capillary malformation and vascular tumors.Conclusions: Histopathology, special histochemical stains along with imaging features can be used to reduce diagnostic difficulties and in helping proper management of vascular malformations.
Seasonal variations among admitted paediatric patients at tertiary care hospital, Gadap Town, Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Seema Nighat , Khan Hina , Jiskani Asad. R. , Saboohi Erum , Channa Yasmeen , Maqsood Syed , Tariq Anus , Khan Tooba
Published: July 2019

Background: In pediatrics, the season is one of the elements contributing to the etiological factors of community based diseases. Awareness of this variation can help the physicians for prevention and counseling of the patients. A cross-sectional observational study was designed with non-probability convenient sampling technique to determine the frequency of patients admitted to the paediatric ward of the hospital in a whole calendar year and to ascertain which disease presentation is most common. Methods: Study conducted at paediatric ward of Al-Tibri Medical College and Hospital Karachi, Pakistan having patients admitted during May 2018 to April 2019. After ethical approval and informed consent from their parents/ guardian, a total of 734 paediatric patients that were admitted from paediatric OPD/ emergency were selected for the study. Paediatric patients that were referred, in emergency/ ICU and surgical paediatric patients were excluded from the study. Chi-square test was applied to evaluate the statistical variation among the patients.Results: From the 734 patients, 357 (48.6%) patients were of acute gastroenteritis, 104 (14.2%) of respiratory illness, 86 (11.7%) of viral fever, 67 (9.1%) of urinary tract infection, 36 (4.9%) of neurological illness, 29 (4.0%) of protein calorie malnutrition, 25 (3.4%) of enteric fever, 20 (2.7%) of haematological illness and 10 (1.4%) patients were admitted due to sepsis.Conclusion: Our study concluded that majority of the patients admitted were of acute gastroenteritis / admitted due to gastric issues, therefore further studies in the vicinity would help to better understand the issues and help plan a strategy to combat the diseases.
Comparative study of electroencephalography changes in dementia
Authors: Singh Atar , Paliwal Abhay , Pal V. S.
Published: July 2019

Background: Dementia affected about 46 million people in 2015and this number will roughly triple within the next 40 years. In 2011 Alzheimer's Disease International argue that dementia has become one of the most urgent health and social care challenges of the 21st century and its potential effect on economies around the world is attracting global attention. Predicting dementia in the early stages would be essential for better treatment before significant brain damage occurs. Current difficulty is the lack of specific biomarkers. In some previous studies electroencephalography (EEG) have shown the capability to identify dementia early and even classify the degree of its severity at a lower cost for mass screening. The aim and objective of this study was to EEG changes in vascular dementia and Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (ADRD) or dementia where no cause is identifiable, to measure severity of dementia by using DSR scale in different subjects and to correlate DSRS with EEG findings.Methods: Study sample was the 40 patients in each three groups- Dementia patients without any known cause of dementia or Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (ADRD), Vascular dementia (VaD) patients and Controls (age and sex matched subjects scoring more than the cut of score on dementia Scale). Written informed consent will be taken after explaining the objectives and procedure of study in detail. EEG were recorded in eyes closed, on intermittent photic stimulation and hyperventilation, only eyes closed data was used in study and these data were entered in excel sheet and analyzed using SPSS Software, appropriate statistical test was applied wherever necessary.Results: Participants with VaD have theta waves while ADRD group have delta waves preponderance as compare to control.Conclusions: EEG can have additive value in diagnosing VaD as well as it alone can be helpful in differentiating healthy individuals from dementia patients.
Analysis of surgical outcome and review of literature of schwannomas arising from the extremities
Authors: Wahegaonkar Chandrashekhar , Patil Bhushan , Sharma Alok , Dogra Bharat Bhushan
Published: July 2019

Background: Schwannoma is a benign peripheral nerve sheath tumour derived from Schwann cells. Also known as Neurilemoma, it can affect any nerve in the body. They usually present as a painless swelling or paresthesia over the sensory distribution of the affected nerve. Although it is classically described that schwannomas are well encapsulated and can be completely enucleated during excision, many of them have fascicular involvement and could not be completely shelled out. The aim of this work is to present our experience in operative management of schwannomas located in extremities.Methods: Authors conducted a retrospective review for 18 adult patients with schwannoma, from June 2012 to June 2018.  There were 10 men and 8 women, ranging from 20 to 68 years of age, with a mean age of 46 years old. All patients had excision done for the tumour and histopathological examination confirmed schwannoma. All patients were preoperatively evaluated both clinically and radiologically. FNAC was also done to confirm the origin of the swelling.Results: The mean follow up period has been 2 years. Complete excision with preservation of nerve was done in all cases except for one case in which nerve graft was used.Conclusions: Use of preoperative MRI, magnification and good surgical technique will help to enucleate the tumour completely without any collateral damage or recurrence. The possibility and option of nerve graft should be discussed with patients prior to schwannoma excision, so that nerve grafting could be directly proceeded with patient consent in case there is fascicular involvement of tumour found intraoperatively.
Angiographic determinants for side branch treatment in distal unprotected left main coronary artery bifurcation percutaneous coronary intervention with single stent crossover technique
Authors: Bhupal V. S. R. , Kumar P. Sampath
Published: July 2019

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze angiographic parameters such as bifurcation angle, diameter at the polygon of confluence (POC) and SYNTAX score in predicting the need for side branch treatment with single-stent crossover technique from distal unprotected left main coronary artery (ULMCA) to the major side branch.Methods: This was a retrospective and observational study. A total of 83 patients with distal ULMCA lesions were enrolled. Patients who underwent provisional single-stent crossover technique were compared with patients that required side branch treatment though plain old balloon angioplasty (POBA) 5 (6.0%) or stenting 7 (8.4%). Angiographic parameters, bifurcation angle, diameter at the POC and the SYNTAX score were analyzed for their ability to predict the need for side branch treatment.Results: Mean age of patients was 58.2±5.3 years. Males constituted 61 (73.5%) patients. Post main branch stenting 5 (6.0%) and 7 (8.4%) patients required side branch treatment with POBA and stent implantation, respectively. Binary regression revealed bifurcation angle (Z: 1.15, OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.97-1.01, p=0.25), diameter at the POC (Z: 1.1, OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.32-2.13, p=0.272) and SYNTAX score (Z: 1.51, OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 0.95-1.45, p=0.132) did not correctly predict the requirement of side branch treatment.Conclusion: Left main coronary artery to main branch stenting can be performed safely with single-stent crossover technique, irrespective of presence of side branch disease across a wide range of bifurcation angles, diameters at the POC and SYNTAX scores.
Achromobacter: an emerging nosocomial pathogen
Authors: Pandey Kxitiza , Nautiyal Sulekha
Published: July 2019

Background: Achromobacter is a ubiquitous, non-fermenting, Gram-negative bacterium that lives in soil and aquatic environments. In recent years, many studies have shown its potential as opportunistic pathogen. It can colonize various items used in hospital and can survive various disinfectants. The infections get complicated due to its vast spectrum of intrinsic and extrinsic resistance to antimicrobial agents and disinfectants. Achromobacter spp. is an emerging pathogen and is becoming a reservoir for horizontal genetic transfer elements involved in spreading antibiotic resistance. This study was conducted to assess the extent of the Achromobacter related infection in our hospital setting and to set a baseline for future studies.Methods: This study was conducted over a period of one year (January to December 2018) in our tertiary care hospital. All specimens submitted for aerobic culture and sensitivity were analyzed and the bacterial identification and antibiotic sensitivity of the isolates was carried out using automated method (Vitek 2 Compact, bioMerieux).Results: Achromobacter species was reported from 0.46% (63/13831) specimens, 40% of them were isolated from suction tips. Achromobacter denitrificans amounted for 47/63 (74.6%) while Achromobacter xylosoxidans was identified in 16/63 (25.4%).Conclusions: Studying the organisms in order to observe their changing trends
Comparison between incremental shuttle run test and Harvard’s step test on peak exercise performance in healthy males: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Gondane Supriya , Retharekar Seemi A. , Kudalkar Swaroop V.
Published: July 2019

Background: Cardiovascular fitness is directly related to the physical health of the person. Aerobic capacity (VO2max) is one of the major criteria to decide the cardiovascular fitness of an individual. To help quantify the fitness level by calculating their VO2max, there are various indirect maximal tests available but out of these, which one would predict VO2max better, is a major concern. Hence the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of two indirect maximal tests i.e. Incremental Shuttle Run Test (ISRT) and Harvard’s Step Test (HST) on peak exercise performance in young healthy males.Methods: A cross-sectional study with purposive sampling was performed on healthy untrained 100 males of age group 18-25 years. Day 1 subjects performed ISRT on 20 m track and after a 48 hours rest period, on day 3 same subject performed Harvard’s step test. Pre and post-test parameters (Pulse rate, respiratory rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and RPE) were measured and predicted VO2max was calculated.Results: Post-test parameters i.e. PR, RR, SBP significantly increased (p=0.00*) by Harvard’s step test. The diastolic blood pressure did not change significantly (p=0.3) for both the tests. Rating of perceived exertion by both the test was of the range 17-19 (very hard to maximal). Calculated predicted VO2max was significantly more by ISRT than HST in males (p=0.00*).Conclusions: Incremental shuttle run test is more efficient in predicting VO2max than Harvard’s step test in healthy adult’s males.
Study of efficacy and safety of drug eluting stent versus bare metal stent in ST elevation MI
Authors: Bakhtar Vijay P. , Bakhtar Niyati V. , Chaudhari Sameer P.
Published: July 2019

Background: The present study was conducted with the aim of determining whether drug-elutingstents are superior to uncoated stents in the setting of primaryPCI in terms of occurrence of serious adverse cardiac events.Methods: In this prospective, single blind, randomized study, 20 to 80 years old patients with acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation with >30 minutes of chest pain and at least 1 mm of ST-segment elevation in at least two standard leads or a new LBBB or 2 mm of ST-segment elevation in at least two contiguous leads were included. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either drug eluting stent (DES) (Everolimus Eluting stent, Endevour-Medtronics) or bare metal stent (BMS, Cordis-Dx sonic) in a 1:1 ratio. During follow ups at 30 days and 12 months, all serious adverse cardiac events like death from cardiac or non-cardiac cause, recurrent MI, revascularization of target vessel, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or other intervention to target or non-target vessel etc. were recorded and compared between groups.Results: No significant differences were found between the two treatmentgroups for occurrence of adverse events during first 30 days after the intervention. At one year follow-up, trends were observed in favorof the DES group, none of the differences weresignificant.Conclusions: No significant benefit was observed with the use of Everolimus-eluting stents in primaryPCI for acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation,in comparison with baremetal stents.
Removal of entrapped rings from swollen fingers by a non destructive technique
Authors: Echem Richard C. , Eyimina Phillip D. , Adiela Vincent U. E.
Published: July 2019

Background: Ring entrapment is uncommon in our environment. It is necessary to remove entrapped rings and the removal techniques could be either destructive or non-destructive. The aim of this study is to present a non-destructive method of entrapped ring removal.Methods:   A prospective study of patients who presented to the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt between 1st October 2007 and 30th September 2018, with entrapped finger ring(s). The authors developed a non-destructive technique of entrapped ring removal utilizing 1.5-2.5 mm electric cables. The cables are passed under the ring and looped over it. The surgeon and his first assistant applies traction towards the distal aspect of the finger through the cables while moving the cables from side to side around the finger, with the second assistant maintaining a counter-traction.  Data obtained was analyzed using IBM’s Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.Results:  During the period, there were 25 patients who had entrapped ring(s) in their fingers. Mean age was 22.92±9.33 years. There were 10 males and 15 females. Mean duration of ring entrapment was 5.72±4.57 days. Mean duration of ring removal was 63.6±46.58 seconds. Abrasion was the most common complication following initial removal attempts as well as this technique. The entrapped rings were all successfully removed.Conclusion: The electric cable technique is a simple, inexpensive and readily available method of entrapped ring removal.
The need for assessing mental health literacy among teachers: an overview
Authors: Venkataraman Surendran , Patil Rajkumar , Balasundaram Sivaprakash
Published: July 2019

Background: The magnitude of mental disorders is a growing public health concern. According to World Health Organization (WHO) reports, one out of five children suffer from a disabling mental illness. Majority of mental illnesses start during the adolescent period. Management of mental illnesses start from recognizing the needy adolescent and providing appropriate therapy and support. Most of the children and adolescents are students who spend almost half of their active time in schools under observation of their teachers. Teachers interact with students daily and can spot the changes in their behavior before they develop full-blown symptoms. Hence, teachers can be a major resource of importance in providing basic mental health services. The teacher’s ability to identify the early signs of mental illness in adolescent students can be considered as the most critical and neglected area. Majority of the studies are conducted in the community or adolescent students and much less attention has been paid to the mental health literacy of educators, who are important role models and youth influencers in addressing mental health literacy. The scenario in India in this regard is highly disappointing with few studies done among teachers.
Evaluation of intracapsular total thyroidectomy as a safe method in benign thyroid diseases
Authors: Elgamaal Ahmed S. , Fayed Asem , Elbalshy Mohammed A. , Aziz Mohamed M.
Published: July 2019

Background: Intracapsular total thyroidectomy is a rising new technique in management of benign thyroid disease seeking for safety. Our aim in this study is to evaluate safety and effectiveness of intracapsular technique in treatment of benign thyroid disease.Methods: this prospective study was carried out in department of general surgery, Menoufia University hospital and department of general surgery, Tala central hospital; from June 2018 to April 2019 on 58 patients with benign thyroid disease all had undergone intracapsular total thyroidectomy.Results: 58 patients underwent intracapsular total thyroidectomy. There was no recurrent laryngeal nerve injury either transient or permanent and no external laryngeal nerve injury. There was no parathyroid injury or hypoparathyriod complications.Conclusions: Intracapsular total thyroidectomy is a safe method in treatment of benign thyroid disease and can be done easily in central hospitals and non-highly specialized centres.
Evaluation of partial wound closure in perforated appendicitis
Authors: Jaafar Al-Sa'adi Muhammed H. , Zamil Ali Laibi
Published: July 2019

Background: Perforated appendicitis is a serious complication of acute appendicitis that usually occurs due to over delay in presentation, diagnosis, and surgical treatment. Wound infection is one of the important sequelae of perforated appendicitis. Method of the wound closure in perforated appendicitis is a critical factor that affects the incidence of wound infection and there is continuing controversy about the best method.Methods: 362 patients with a diagnosis of acute appendicitis were enrolled in a prospective randomized study that extended over three years. The intraoperative gross pathological state of the appendix was recorded as either negative or uncomplicated or perforated appendicitis. The relationship between the wound infection with each one of the three methods of wound closure (primary closure, open wound with delayed primary closure and partial wound closure) had been reported. The hospital stays were recorded for each method.Results: 18.78% of appendectomy was appendicitis negative, 62.98% uncomplicated appendicitis and 18.23% with perforated appendicitis. In the perforated appendicitis cases, Primary wound closure was used in 36.36%, open method and delay primary closure in 18.18% and partial wound closure in 45.45%. The wound infection rates were 37.5%, 16.66% and 13.33% in primary wound closure, open wound with delayed primary closure and partial wound closure respectively. Length of hospital stays were 7 days, 8 days and 4 days respectively.Conclusions: partial wound closure is superior to other methods of wound closure, which are primary wound closure and open wound with delayed primary wound closure.
Prophylactic ilio-inguinal neurectomy following Lichtenstein tension free hernioplasty for inguinal hernia: a prospective study
Authors: Raj G. Preetham , A. L. Nagaraja , V. Surendran , Sharma Abhilash , Shariff Ibrahim , Kumar M. Anil
Published: July 2019

Background: The objective of the study was to evaluate effect of prophylactic ilio-inguinal neurectomy on incidence of chronic groin pain following the Lichtenstein tension free hernioplasty for inguinal hernia.Methods: This prospective study included male cases admitted with uncomplicated inguinal hernia. Patients were categorised into two groups: Group A: Ilioinguinal nerve preserved, Group B: Ilioinguinal nerve excision. Standard tension-free Lichtenstein mesh repair was adopted. Patients were followed up for assessment of chronic groin pain, hypoesthesia, and numbness at post-operative day (POD) 3, POD14, 1 month and 3 months. Visual analog scale (VAS) was used to assess severity of pain. Sensory assessment was done using standard Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test. Student t test was used and a 2-sided p<0.05 was considered significant.Results: A total of 60 patients with uncomplicated inguinal hernia underwent Lichenstein mesh Hernioplasty (mean age of patients in nerve preservation: 35.8±11.9 years and nerve excision group: 42.7±9.6 years). Postoperative pain significantly decreased in group B at POD 3 (65.5% vs. 89.7%, p=0.01) and 3 months (0% vs. 24.1%, p=0.003) when compared to group A. Prevalence of numbness reduced significantly in group A at 3 month (44.8% vs. 86.2%, p=0.001). Although post-operative hypo aesthesia was comparable between the groups at POD 3 (84.6% vs. 78.1%), it decreased significantly in group A at 3 months (27.6 % vs. 86.2%, p<0.001) when compared to group B.Conclusions: Prophylactic excision of ilio-inguinal nerve during Lichtenstein mesh hernia repair decreases the incidence of chronic groin pain after surgery, without additional morbidities.
An evaluation of open versus laparoscopic cholecystectomy in tertiary centre
Authors: Goel Kanwar Singh , Goel Sapna , Singla Sham L. , Tiwari Pawan
Published: July 2019

Background: Cholecystectomy is a method of treatment for acute or chronic cholecystitis with cholelithiasis or any other diseases of gall bladder. The diagnosis of gall stone disease depends on an accurate history, physical examination, supporting lab investigations and a proper ultrasound of abdomen. After the advent of lap cholecystectomy there is revolution in minimally invasive surgery. Because of better technological innovations, the lap cholecystectomy has become gold standard presently.Methods: This prospective observational study was performed in Surgery Department in SGT Medical College, Budhera, Gurugram, over a period of 2 years from January 2017 to January 2019. Patients were taken from both sexes and all age groups from different units of surgery. A total of 100 patients were taken for study who underwent cholecystectomy.Results: Mean age of patients in our study was 38.64 years. Most patients were females. Procedure adopted was open in 18% patients and lap cholecystectomy in 74% patients. Conversion from laparoscopic to open was done in 8% patients. In 8% patients there were operative complications. Average hospital stay was much less for lap cholecystectomy.Conclusions: After the advent of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, most of the surgeons are performing more and more of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Here incision is small, pain is less, and hospitalization is shorter. Even in acute cholecystitis, in experienced hand, lap cholecystectomy can be performed safely. The author’s inclination is totally in favour of lap cholecystectomy, except the cases where lap cholecystectomy is contraindicated.
Histopathological analysis of hysterectomy specimens in a tertiary care centre: study of 160 cases
Authors: Jandial Roopali , Choudhary Mehnaz , Singh Kuldeep
Published: July 2019

Background: Hysterectomy is the most commonly performed gynaecological surgery as the female reproductive system has been affected by various non-neoplastic and neoplastic conditions during the life time of a woman.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 160 hysterectomy specimens reported to Department of Pathology. They were compared in terms of age of the patients and pathology of hysterectomy specimens. The histopathological findings of hysterectomy specimens was noted and these findings were then correlated with clinical diagnosis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the wide range of pathological lesions, commonest pathology involved and correlation of the preoperative clinical diagnosis with the histopathological diagnosis in the hysterectomy specimens.Results: The most common type of hysterectomy was total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-ophorectomy with 102 cases (63.7%). Peak incidence at 5th decade of life in 92 cases (57.5%) was noted. The most common clinical indication was fibroid uterus in 81 cases (50.6%). Proliferative phase of endometrium was the commonest finding in 87 cases (54.3%). In case of myometrium, 95 leiomyomas were noted. On histomorphological study of cervical lesions, chronic cervicitis was commonest finding in 75 (46.8%) cases.Conclusions: Few double pathologies can be missed clinically so clinico-pathological correlation in all cases of hysterectomy has been proved to be important to improve the clinical outcome and post-operative management.
A prospective study of incisional surgical site infections in abdominal surgeries in Maheswara Medical College
Authors: Patil Santosh M. , Dharmapuri Augusty
Published: July 2019

Background: Infections that occur in the wound created by an invasive surgical procedure are generally referred to as surgical site infections (SSIs). SSIs are one of the most important causes of healthcare associated infections (HCAIs), second only to urinary tract infection (UTI) in incidence.Methods: These patients underwent elective surgeries and were followed up for superficial Incisional surgical site infections until complete wound healing occurred or on their discharge from the hospital. The inclusion criteria for superficial Incisional surgical site infections were: infections occurring within 30 days of operation involving only skin or subcutaneous tissue of the incision with purulent drainage, with or without laboratory confirmation from the superficial incision; organisms isolated from an aseptically obtained culture of fluid or tissue from the superficial incision. Infections occurring after 30 days of operation were excluded from the study.Results: The present study revealed 13.15% prevalence of SSI in department of general surgery, Maheswara Medical College, Hyderabad. Among the 3 types, superficial incision SSI was most prevalent followed by deep incisional SSI and finally by organ/space SSI. The surgical procedure most commonly associated with SSI was exploratory laparotomy. An alarming 19.42% of SSI was associated with emergency surgeries as compared to 7.05% of elective surgeries.Conclusions: The consequences of SSIs greatly impact patients and the healthcare systems. Prevention of SSI requires a multifaceted approach targeting pre, intra, and postoperative factors.
Diagnostic value of pre-operative upper GI endoscopy in gall bladder stone patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Srikantaiah Hiremath Chandrasekharaiah , Manjappa Vinay Bhadrapura
Published: July 2019

Background: Cholecystectomy does not offer all symptomatic relief in most of the patients because of an overlap in the symptomology of biliary and gasroduodenal pathologies. Thus, we aimed at evaluating the efficacy of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGE) in all patients with upper abdominal pain irrespective of ultrasound findings or symptoms.Methods: This prospective study was carried out from November 2015 – August 2017. Patients above 18 years, with ultrasonographically proven diagnosis of cholelithiasis, undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy by a single surgeon were studied. UGE was referred to all patients before surgery. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze pathological UGE findings and corresponding 95% confidence levels (CI) was calculated.Results: A total of 117 patients were included in this study with a mean age of 43.6±13.8 years. Majority of the patients were women (59.8%) and most of them presented atypical biliary colic symptoms (n=64, 54.7%). UGE of patients with biliary colic symptoms showed that 65.8% of patients had normal endoscopy findings when compared to 34.2% of patients had positive endoscopy findings. Significantly higher proportion patients with positive UGE findings presented atypical biliary (70%, n=28) when compared to typical biliary colic patients with positive findings (30%, n=12; p<0.05). Among patients being positive for UGE detected lesions, gastritis (~18%), followed by duodenal ulcer (10%) and reflux esophagitis (5%) were the common upper GI problems observed.Conclusions: Pre-elective and routine use of UGE before laparoscopic cholecystectomy helps in reducing persistence of symptoms and in treatment management.
A randomized controlled study of transinguinal pre peritoneal repair vs Lichtenstein repair for inguinal hernia
Authors: Patil Santosh M. , Dharmapuri Augusty
Published: July 2019

Background: Inguinal hernia repairs are one of most common surgeries performed world-wide. Inguinal hernias are present in 1.7% of the world population.Methods: Total of 100 patients was included in this study with 50 patients in each group. Group I (n=50): patients in this group underwent hernia repair using open preperitoneal mesh procedure. Group II (n=50): patients in this group underwent hernia repair using Lichtenstein procedure.Results: The proportion of patients with left inguinal hernia was higher in group I (48.00%) as compared to group II (46.00%), but this difference was not statistically significant. In overall study population (81.25%) as well as in group I (82.50%) and group II (80.00%) of the study, no history of straining was observed in the majority of the cases. Though the proportion of straining was higher in group I (32.00%) as compared to group II (26.00%), but this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.775). Chronic pain (see Table 4) was found in 28.75% of total patients, though the chronic pain was found in higher proportion of patients of group II (32.0%) as compared to group I (22.0%).Conclusions:In conclusion, this study shows that the TPT provides significant advantages over the Lichtenstein technique in case of repair of unilateral inguinal hernias. Patients in TPT group had less incidence of wound induration and chronic groin pain. They were also able to return to their jobs earlier.