bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vibration of effects from diverse inclusion/exclusion criteria and analytical choices: 9216 different ways to perform an indirect comparison meta-analysis
Authors: Palpacuer Clément , Hammas Karima , Duprez Renan , Laviolle Bruno , Ioannidis John P. A. , Naudet Florian
Published: September 2019

Background

Different methodological choices such as inclusion/exclusion criteria and analytical models can yield different results and inferences when meta-analyses are performed. We explored the range of such differences, using several methodological choices for indirect comparison meta-analyses to compare nalmefene and naltrexone in the reduction of alcohol consumption as a case study.

Methods

All double-blind randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing nalmefene to naltrexone or one of these compounds to a placebo in the treatment of alcohol dependence or alcohol use disorders were considered. Two reviewers searched for published and unpublished studies in MEDLINE (August 2017), the Cochrane Library, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov and contacted pharmaceutical companies, the European Medicines Agency, and the Food and Drug Administration. The indirect comparison meta-analyses were performed according to different inclusion/exclusion criteria (based on medical condition, abstinence of patients before inclusion, gender, somatic and psychiatric comorbidity, psychological support, treatment administered and dose, treatment duration, outcome reported, publication status, and risk of bias) and different analytical models (fixed and random effects). The primary outcome was the vibration of effects (VoE), i.e. the range of different results of the indirect comparison between nalmefene and naltrexone. The presence of a “Janus effect” was investigated, i.e. whether the 1st and 99th percentiles in the distribution of effect sizes were in opposite directions.

Results

Nine nalmefene and 51 naltrexone RCTs were included. No study provided a direct comparison between the drugs. We performed 9216 meta-analyses for the indirect comparison with a median of 16 RCTs (interquartile range = 12–21) included in each meta-analysis. The standardized effect size was negative at the 1st percentile (− 0.29, favouring nalmefene) and positive at the 99th percentile (0.29, favouring naltrexone). A total of 7.1% (425/5961) of the meta-analyses with a negative effect size and 18.9% (616/3255) of those with a positive effect size were statistically significant (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The choice of inclusion/exclusion criteria and analytical models for meta-analysis can result in entirely opposite results. VoE evaluations could be performed when overlapping meta-analyses on the same topic yield contradictory result.

Trial registration

This study was registered on October 19, 2016, in the Open Science Framework (OSF, protocol available athttps://osf.io/7bq4y/).
A novel biotinylated nanobody-based blocking ELISA for the rapid and sensitive clinical detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus
Authors: Ma Zhiqian , Wang Tianyu , Li Zhiwei , Guo Xuyang , Tian Yangsheng , Li Yang , Xiao Shuqi
Published: September 2019

Background

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), which is characterized by severe watery diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration and a high mortality rate in piglets, leads to enormous economic losses to the pork industry and remains a large challenge worldwide. Thus, a rapid and reliable method is required for epidemiological investigations and to evaluate the effect of immunization. However, the current diagnostic methods for PEDV are time-consuming and very expensive and rarely meet the requirements for clinical application. Nanobodies have been used in the clinic to overcome these problems because of the advantages of their easy expression and high level of stability. In the present work, a novel biotinylated nanobody-based blocking ELISA (bELISA) was developed to detect anti-PEDV antibodies in clinical pig serum.

Results

Using phage display technology and periplasmic extraction ELISA (PE-ELISA), anti-PEDV N protein nanobodies from three strains of PEDV were successfully isolated after three consecutive rounds of bio-panning from a high quality phage display VHH library. Then, purified Nb2-Avi-tag fusion protein was biotinylated in vitro. A novel bELISA was subsequently developed for the first time with biotinylated Nb2. The cutoff value for bELISA was 29.27%. One hundred and fifty clinical serum samples were tested by both newly developed bELISA and commercial kits. The sensitivity and specificity of bELISA were 100% and 93.18%, respectively, and the coincidence rate between the two methods was 94%.

Conclusions

In brief, bELISA is a rapid, low-cost, reliable and useful nanobody-based tool for the serological evaluation of current PEDV vaccines efficacy and indirect diagnosis of PEDV infection.
LncRNA DNM3OS promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis through modulating IGF1 expression by sponging MiR-126 in CHON-001 cells
Authors: Ai Di , Yu Fang
Published: September 2019

Background

As a degenerative disease, osteoarthritis (OA) greatly affects aged population. The human chondrocyte cell line CHON-001, derived from normal human articular cartilage, has been widely used in vitro in osteoarthritis models. In order to better understand the underlying mechanism of OA pathogenesis, this study was conducted to explore the effects of LncRNA dynamin 3 opposite strand (DNM3OS) on CHON-001 cells.

Methods

The expression levels of and correlation between DNM3OS and miR-126 that derived from OA and non-OA tissues were determined by quantitative real time (qRT)-PCR and Spearman’s correlation analysis. Cell viability, clone, migration, invasion and apoptosis were respectively determined by cell counting kit-8, colony formation, wound healing assay, transwell and flow cytometry. The target genes were predicted by starbase V2 and targetscan 7.2 and confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. The expressions of apoptosis-related factors were detected by Western blot.

Results

The expression of DNM3OS was down-regulated in OA patients. Functional assays demonstrated that ectopic expression of DNM3OS promoted the proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of CHON-001 cells, and that knocking down DNM3OS suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. Mechanistic investigation revealed that DNM3OS physically bound to the promoter of miR-126 and suppressed miR-126 expression. Decreased expression of DNM3OS was negatively correlated with miR-126 in OA patients. Furthermore, the effects of siDNM3OS on inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis were partially reversed by miR-126 inhibitor. Meanwhile, type insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) was identified as a target gene for miR-126 and was negatively associated with the miR-126 expression. Overexpressed IGF1 restored the effects of miR-126 mimic in suppressing cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis.

Conclusion

Our results showed that DNM3OS could affect the CHON-001 cell proliferation and apoptosis by regulating IGF1 by sponging miR-126.
Adoption of Zai technology for soil fertility management: evidence from Upper East region, Ghana
Authors: Danso-Abbeam Gideon , Dagunga Gilbert , Ehiakpor Dennis Sedem
Published: September 2019

Zai is a conventional soil rehabilitation management practice where organic matter is buried in a small pit to help restore fertility and conserve water in the soil. However, adoption of this environmentally-friendly technology is low. This study makes two key contributions. First, it identifies the determinants of adoption and intensity of adoption of Zai technology for soil fertility management. Second, it performs diagnostic tests to show that Cragg’s double-hurdle as compared to the Heckman and the standard Tobit regression models is the best econometric approach to identify factors influencing farmers’ decision to adopt and the extent of adoption of the Zai in the Upper East region, Ghana. Results from the Cragg’s double-hurdle model revealed that different set of variables affect the probability and the intensity of adoption of Zai technology. The paper concludes that farm households should be encouraged to engage in non-farm economic activities to complement their farm income and enhance the purchase of productive farm inputs. Moreover, farm-level policies oriented towards increasing access to agricultural extension services, credit facilities, and the facilitation of farmer groups are essential to improving the adoption of farm innovations such as the Zai technology.
Normalized and color-filled logarithmic gamma-ray logs to enhance subsurface stratigraphic interpretation of carbonates and siliciclastics
Authors: De Keyser Thomas , Saeid Essam , Kendall Christopher G. St. C. , Kellogg James
Published: September 2019

Modern petrophysical software has broad capabilities for the display and manipulation of subsurface digital log data and for its integration with core data. Color and scale are two of the most important display attributes that can be used to enhance the visualization and interpretation of rock properties. The gamma-ray (GR) log, the most important log used in subsurface interpretation, is conventionally displayed on a linear scale of American Petroleum Institute (API) units. This makes it difficult to interpret in very clean lithologies with low API values or where the range of values is very large. We determine how displaying GR values on a logarithmic scale enhances the recognition of cyclicity in lithofacies with low GR values concurrently with rocks with very high API values. We further enhance the GR curve with a color-fill pattern that is intuitive and suggests the lithofacies. We calibrate the core-derived lithofacies data to the color-fill pattern, interactively “tuning” it to match lithofacies boundaries, further increasing the value of the methodology. Because of the many factors that cause variation in recorded API values, we normalized the GR curves, either by bulk shifts or statistical means, so that they display the same colors for equivalent lithologies in all wells in a cross section. We have developed two integrated studies demonstrating techniques to improve the display and interpretation of borehole logs, specifically those of Mesozoic carbonates and evaporites of the Middle East and Cenozoic siliciclastic fluvial and marginal marine systems of the Llanos Foothills of Colombia. Many examples of custom color-fill patterns for petrophysical logs could be suggested, the possibilities being limited only by the data available and the interpretation being presented.
Seismic methods for fluid discrimination in areas with complex geologic history — A case example from the Barents Sea
Authors: Lehocki Ivan , Avseth Per , Haque Mondol Nazmul
Published: September 2019

We have developed a new scheme for calculation of density ratio, an attribute that can be directly linked to hydrocarbon saturation, and applied it to seismic amplitude variation with offset (AVO) data from the Hoop area in the Barents Sea. The approach is based on the inversion of Zoeppritz’s equation for PP-wave. Furthermore, by using interval velocities, we quantified uplift magnitude for a given interval beneath Base Cretaceous unconformity (BCU) horizon in the Hoop area. Depending on the temperature gradient, the maximum burial depth can be estimated, a crucial factor affecting the elastic properties of the rocks. Coupling uplift map with temperature history for key stratigraphic units from basin modeling enabled us to extend the training data away from well control. By doing so, we created nonstationary AVO probability density functions (PDFs) for calibration and classification of seismic attributes in the test area. This decreases the likelihood of misclassification of pore fluid type as opposed to the case where the training data are created based only on sparse well-log data. We tested and compared the methods on the Barents Sea seismic data set, and the results were validated at four well locations. Finally, maps of fluid distribution obtained from stochastic rock-physics modeling honoring burial history were compared against the density ratio map. Four maps revealed the same anomalous zones, the major difference being the detection of the down-flank presence of oil associated with some of the predicted gas anomalies in the prospect area, in the case of density ratio map. Possible gas caps were detected/predicted only for certain temperature constraints during the AVO classifications and were most obvious in the density ratio map.
Intellectual disability and autism: socioeconomic impacts of informal caring, projected to 2030
Authors: Schofield Deborah , Zeppel Melanie J. B. , Tanton Robert , Veerman J. Lennert , Kelly Simon J. , Passey Megan E. , Shrestha Rupendra N.
Published: September 2019

Background

Intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) influence the interactions of a person with their environment and generate economic and socioeconomic costs for the person, their family and society.

Aims

To estimate costs of lost workforce participation due to informal caring for people with intellectual disability or autism spectrum disorders by estimating lost income to individuals, lost taxation payments to federal government and increased welfare payments.

Method

We used a microsimulation model based on the Australian Bureau of Statistics' Surveys of Disability, Ageing and Carers (population surveys of people aged 15–64), and projected costs of caring from 2015 in 5-year intervals to 2030.

Results

The model estimated that informal carers of people with intellectual disability and/or ASD in Australia had aggregated lost income of AU$310 million, lost taxation of AU$100 million and increased welfare payments of AU$204 million in 2015. These are projected to increase to AU$432 million, AU$129 million and AU$254 million for income, taxation, and welfare respectively by 2030. The income gap of carers for people with intellectual disability and/or ASD is estimated to increase by 2030, meaning more financial stress for carers.

Conclusions

Informal carers of people with intellectual disability and/or ASD experience significant loss of income, leading to increased welfare payments and reduced taxation revenue for governments; these are all projected to increase. Strategic policies supporting informal carers wishing to return to work could improve the financial and psychological impact of having a family member with intellectual disability and/or ASD.

Declaration of interest

None.
Telomerase Is a Prognostic Marker of Poor Outcome and a Therapeutic Target in Neuroblastoma
Authors: Roderwieser Andrea , Sand Frederik , Walter Esther , Fischer Janina , Gecht Judith , Bartenhagen Christoph , Ackermann Sandra , Otte Felix , Welte Anne , Kahlert Yvonne , Lieberz Daniela , Hertwig Falk , Reinhardt H. Christian , Simon Thorsten , Peifer Martin , Ortmann Monika , Büttner Reinhard , Hero Barbara , O’Sullivan Roderick J. , Berthold Frank , Fischer Matthias
Published: September 2019

PURPOSE

Telomere maintenance is a hallmark of high-risk neuroblastoma; however, the contribution of telomerase and alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) to clinical phenotypes has remained unclear. We aimed to determine the clinical relevance of telomerase activation versus ALT as biomarkers in pretreatment neuroblastoma and to assess the potential value of telomerase as a therapeutic target.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The genomic status of TERT and MYCN was assessed in 457 pretreatment neuroblastomas by fluorescence in situ hybridization. ALT was examined in 273 of 457 tumors by detection of ALT-associated promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies, and TERT expression was determined by microarrays in 223 of these. Cytotoxic effects of telomerase-interacting compounds were analyzed in neuroblastoma cell lines in vitro and in vivo.

RESULTS

We detected TERT rearrangements in 46 of 457 cases (10.1%), MYCN amplification in 93 of 457 cases (20.4%), and elevated TERT expression in tumors lacking TERT or MYCN alterations in 10 of 223 cases (4.5%). ALT activation was found in 49 of 273 cases (17.9%). All these alterations occurred almost mutually exclusively and were associated with unfavorable prognostic variables and adverse outcome. The presence of activated telomerase (ie, TERT rearrangements, MYCN amplification, or high TERT expression without these alterations) was associated with poorest overall survival and was an independent prognostic marker in multivariable analyses. We also found that the telomerase-interacting compound 6-thio-2′-deoxyguanosine effectively inhibited viability and proliferation of neuroblastoma cells bearing activated telomerase. Similarly, tumor growth was strongly impaired upon 6-thio-2′-deoxyguanosine treatment in telomerase-positive neuroblastoma xenografts in mice.

CONCLUSION

Our data suggest telomerase activation and ALT define distinct neuroblastoma subgroups with adverse outcome and that telomerase may represent a promising therapeutic target in many high-risk neuroblastomas.
Physicochemical Profiling of Baicalin Along with the Development and Characterization of Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes
Authors: Jakab Géza , Bogdán Dóra , Mazák Károly , Deme Ruth , Mucsi Zoltán , Mándity István M. , Noszál Béla , Kállai-Szabó Nikolett , Antal István
Published: September 2019

Baicalin is a flavone glycoside extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Numerous pharmacological effects of baicalin were reported (e.g. antioxidant, anxiolytic); nevertheless, the most important physicochemical properties influencing the pharmacokinetic behaviour and the concomitant oral bioavailability have not yet been described in a comprehensive study. The aim of this project was to characterize the acid-base, lipophilicity, biorelevant solubility and permeability properties of the drug substance and providing scientific data to support the dosage form design. Another important objective was the comparative evaluation of six various baicalin-cyclodextrin (CD) inclusion complexes along with the creation of a suitable Drug Delivery System (DDS) for this BCS IV drug. Biorelevant profiling was carried out by NMR-pH titrations, saturation shake-flask and distribution coefficients (logP) measurements, while CD inclusion studies were fulfilled by experimental methods (phase solubility, 1H/13C NMR, 2D ROESY) and computational approaches. Due to low aqueous solubility (67.03 ± 1.60 μg/ml) and low permeability (Papp = 0.037 × 10−6 cm/s), baicalin is classified as BCS IV. The γ-CD complexation significantly increased the solubility of baicalin (~ 5 times). The most promoted chemical shift change occurred in baicalin-γ-CD complex. Computational studies showed disparate binding pattern for baicalin in case of β- and γ-CD; furthermore, the calculated complexation energy was − 162.4 kJ mol−1 for β-CD, while it was significantly stronger for γ-CD (− 181.5 kJ mol−1). The physicochemical and structural information of baicalin and its CD complexes introduced herein can create molecular basis for a promising DDS with enhanced bioavailability containing a bioactive phytopharmacon.
The Story of Untold Displacements
Authors: Fuhrmann Arnika
Published: September 2019

This essay investigates Buddhist-Muslim intimacies and coexistence in Thailand in order to complicate recent discussions of the relation of religion to gender and sexual freedoms. It is concerned with contributing a new, Southeast Asian perspective to a prominent strain of contemporary criticism that traces the anti-Islamic bent of European and US public discourses to biases inherent in liberal thought. Authors such as Saba Mahmood, Jasbir Puar, and Judith Butler have tracked how, under the assumption of Islam’s sexual illiberalism, the figure of “the Muslim” has become liberalism’s paradigmatic other. Although it builds on these critiques, the essay asks how these logics play out quite differently in a majority Buddhist society and in a modernity that is not understood only as secular. The essay investigates how contemporary globally circulating Thai films furnish a radically different approach to multiethnic coexistence, emancipatory sexual politics, the temporalities of modernity, and the domain of the law that is so closely connected to sexual and religious freedoms. The essay thereby analyzes the problem of liberalism in the context of multiply constituted notions of freedom, belonging, and coexistence beyond European and North American contexts. Like Butler, the author relies on a claim about temporality but argues that the plural temporalities of Southeast Asian modernities allow for different relations between minority and majority populations and between notions of gender equality or sexual freedom and religious belonging.
Η Συμβολή της Μεντορικής Σχέσης στην Προσωπική και Επαγγελματική Ανάπτυξη των Υποψήφιων Εκπαιδευτικών
Authors: Βλάχου Ελισάβετ , Μάνεσης Νικόλαος
Published: September 2019

Ο/Η μέντορας είναι αυτός/αυτή που καθοδηγεί, εμψυχώνει, στηρίζει πολλαπλά τον/την καθοδηγούμενο/καθοδηγούμενή του/της. Απαντάται σε διάφορους τομείς, μεταξύ των οποίων κι η εκπαίδευση. Τα τελευταία χρόνια στην Ελλάδα, ο θεσμός του/της μέντορα νομοθετήθηκε για την υποστήριξη των νεοδιόριστων εκπαιδευτικών. Η μεντορική σχέση μεταξύ μέντορα και νέου/νέας στο επάγγελμα εκπαιδευτικού έχει μελετηθεί εκτενώς, όμως δεν πρέπει να παραγνωριστεί η σπουδαιότητα ύπαρξης και διερεύνησης αυτής της σχέσης σε προπτυχιακό επίπεδο. Οι υποψήφιοι/υποψήφιες εκπαιδευτικοί χρειάζονται έναν/μία μέντορα για την προσωπική κι επαγγελματική τους βελτίωση. Κατά το ακαδημαϊκό έτος 2017-2018, 64 φοιτητές του Δ΄ έτους του Π.Τ.Δ.Ε. του Πανεπιστημίου Πατρών κλήθηκαν να αναστοχαστούν πάνω στην προσφορά των εργαστηρίων των Πρακτικών Ασκήσεων του έτους τους, όταν αυτό ολοκληρώθηκε, στο πλαίσιο της ανατροφοδοτικής αξιολόγησης των εργαστηρίων. Από το ερώτημα αυτό και μέσω ποιοτικής ανάλυσης των δεδομένων, αναδύθηκε η συμβολή του υπεύθυνου των εργαστηρίων στην προσωπική και επαγγελματική τους ανάπτυξη. Η συμβολή αυτή φαίνεται πως υπήρξε εξαιτίας της δράσης του υπεύθυνου ως μέντορα, χαρακτηριστικά της οποίας, εντοπίστηκαν στις απαντήσεις των μελλοντικών εκπαιδευτικών. Με την παρούσα μελέτη αναδεικνύεται η αναγκαιότητα διερεύνησης, αλλά και ύπαρξης της μεντορικής σχέσης σε προπτυχιακό επίπεδο, όσον αφορά στους/στις υποψήφιους/υποψήφιες εκπαιδευτικούς. Τέλος, μέσω αυτής, ανακύπτουν και προτάσεις για μελλοντική έρευνα.
The yield of continuous EEG monitoring in the intensive care unit at a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia: A retrospective study
Authors: Tayeb Haythum O.
Published: September 2019

Background: The practice of continuous EEG monitoring (CEEG) in the intensive care unit (ICU) has spread over the past decade. Building an effective ICU CEEG program demands adequate EEG equipment and human resources. This may not be available in developing healthcare systems. This study sought to shed light on the real-life utility of CEEG at a tertiary healthcare center in the developing healthcare system of Saudi Arabia,.

Methods: This is a retrospective review of CEEG findings, along with mortality and duration of hospitalization of patients who had CEEG during a 12-month period at the adult ICU at the King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Results: A total of 202 CEEG records were identified. A total of 52 patients had non-convulsive seizures (NCS); 10 clearly fulfilled criteria for non-convulsive status epilepticus. There were 120 patients that had clinical seizures upon presentation. Among them, 36 (30%) had NCS on EEG. The proportion of patients who were deceased at 60 days was higher in patients with NCS than those who didn’t have NCS (42% vs 27%, χ2 = 4.4, df=2, p=0.03). The proportion with long hospitalization was higher in those who had periodic or rhythmic CEEG patterns (33.3% vs 28.1%, χ2 = 8.02, df=2, p=0.02) but there was no significant relationship with mortality at 60 days.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates a real-world experience from a tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia, a developing healthcare system. Findings are consistent with prior experience that ICU CEEG is effective in detecting potentially harmful subclinical patterns, supporting the need to develop ICU CEEG programs. However, the incurred excesses in morbidity and mortality associated with CEEG patterns were relatively modest. Further studies are needed to delineate how the practice of CEEG may be developed to provide meaningful data to clinicians with regards to patient outcomes.
How shall we treat locally advanced triple negative breast cancer?
Authors: Luz Paulo , Dias David , Fortuna Ana , Bretes Luis , Gosalbez Beatriz
Published: September 2019

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has been shown to respond to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). It has been established that achieving pathological complete response (pCR) for certain aggressive subtypes of breast cancer, including HER-2 (over-expressed) and TNBC, provides an important surrogate marker for predicting long-term clinical response and survival outcomes.

How to increase the number of patients that achieve pCR remains challenging. Platinum-based NACT seems to be part of the solution and capecitabine, an active drug in metastatic breast cancer, but not a standard one in earlier stages may have found its place in the adjuvant setting.
Prediction of mosquito species and population age structure using mid-infrared spectroscopy and supervised machine learning
Authors: González Jiménez Mario , Babayan Simon A. , Khazaeli Pegah , Doyle Margaret , Walton Finlay , Reedy Elliott , Glew Thomas , Viana Mafalda , Ranford-Cartwright Lisa , Niang Abdoulaye , Siria Doreen J. , Okumu Fredros O. , Diabaté Abdoulaye , Ferguson Heather M. , Baldini Francesco , Wynne Klaas
Published: September 2019

Despite the global efforts made in the fight against malaria, the disease is resurging. One of the main causes is the resistance that Anopheles mosquitoes, vectors of the disease, have developed to insecticides. Anopheles must survive for at least 10 days to possibly transmit malaria. Therefore, to evaluate and improve malaria vector control interventions, it is imperative to monitor and accurately estimate the age distribution of mosquito populations as well as their population sizes. Here, we demonstrate a machine-learning based approach that uses mid-infrared spectra of mosquitoes to characterise simultaneously both age and species identity of females of the African malaria vector species Anopheles gambiae and An. arabiensis, using laboratory colonies. Mid-infrared spectroscopy-based prediction of mosquito age structures was statistically indistinguishable from true modelled distributions. The accuracy of classifying mosquitoes by species was 82.6%. The method has a negligible cost per mosquito, does not require highly trained personnel, is rapid, and so can be easily applied in both laboratory and field settings. Our results indicate this method is a promising alternative to current mosquito species and age-grading approaches, with further improvements to accuracy and expansion for use with wild mosquito vectors possible through collection of larger mid-infrared spectroscopy data sets.
Hardware and software information protection
Authors: Хорев Павел , Horev Pavel
Published: September 2019

The manual is devoted to methods and means of software and hardware protection of information in computer systems.
Methods and means of identification and authentication of subjects of computer systems, differentiation of their access to objects of computer systems, audit of their actions in computer systems, cryptographic protection of information in computer systems are considered.
The paper describes software and hardware and software protection of information resources of computer systems from malware and unauthorized copying.
Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation.
It is intended for students of higher educational institutions studying in the areas of "Information security", "Applied mathematics and Informatics" and "Informatics and computer engineering". It can also be useful for students studying in other areas of training, graduate students, students of systems of training and retraining of specialists interested in information security.
Institutional and legal reforms aimed at increasing the export competitiveness of Russian goods and overcoming restraining restrictions
Authors: Ручкина Гульнара , Ruchkina Gul'nara , Демченко Максим , Demchenko Maksim , Дахненко Светлана , Dahnenko Svetlana , Фрумина Светлана , Frumina Svetlana , Шайдуллина Венера , Shaydullina Venera , Ефимова Нина , Efimova Nina , Венгеровский Евгений , Vengerovskiy Evgeniy
Published: September 2019

The monograph is based on the results of research of the scientific school of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation "State regulation of entrepreneurial activity", carried out at the expense of budgetary funds under the state task of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation for 2018.
The article is devoted to the development of practical recommendations of institutional and legal nature aimed at improving the export competitiveness of Russian goods and overcoming restraining restrictions. Contains scientific and practical proposals aimed at improving the export competitiveness of goods of the Russian Federation; factor matrix, including a description of the legal, institutional and administrative barriers to the export of Russian industrial products; proposals to improve the system of export support in the Russian Federation, geographical and sectoral diversification of international trade and economic relations and proposals for the participation of the Russian Federation in the concept of "goods of the EAEU", taking into account the implementation of the project "Made in Russia".
It is intended for teachers, students and anyone interested in improving the export competitiveness of Russian goods and overcoming constraints.
Biotechnology. Workshop on cell culture
Authors: Азаев Мамедьяр , Azaev Mamedyar , Ильичева Татьяна , Il'icheva Tat'yana , Бакулина Людмила , Bakulina Lyudmila , Дадаева Александра , Dadaeva Aleksandra , Олейникова Екатерина , Oleynikova Ekaterina , Лебедев Леонид , Lebedev Leonid , Гуреев Вадим , Gureev Vadim , Нетёсов Сергей , Netesov Sergey , Агафонов Александр , Agafonov Aleksandr
Published: September 2019

The manual presents the main methodological approaches to working with cell cultures: management of cell cultures, their passirovanie, counting cells per unit volume, preparation of antibiotic solutions, dispersing solutions and nutrient media for working with cell cultures, contamination of cell cultures and methods of its detection, cryopreservation of cells, safety when working in a box room with cell cultures, Biosafety when working with cell cultures.
Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation.
Designed for professionals and undergraduate students qualified in the field of biotechnology and Virology to solve a wide range of problems.
Whose Voice Do We Hear in the Marketplace? Evidence from Consumer Complaining Behavior
Authors: Raval Devesh
Published: September 2019

Victims from heavily minority areas complain to the government much less than those from nonminority areas, relative to their degree of victimization.
A Noncompact Formulation for Job-Shop Scheduling Problems in Traffic Management
Authors: Lamorgese Leonardo , Mannino Carlo
Published: September 2019

Vehicle scheduling is a central problem in transportation. As railways and the airspace become increasingly congested, it is crucial to develop mathematical tools to better schedule trains and airplanes off-line (timetabling) and online (dispatching). These traffic-management problems can be modeled as job-shop scheduling problems, which, in turn, can be solved using mixed-integer linear programming (MILP). The two most successful and widespread formulations in the past decades are the big-M and the time-indexed methods, each with its strengths and weaknesses. However, there have been few advancements in either approach in recent years. In this paper, we introduce an alternative formulation, obtained by strengthening and lifting the Benders' reformulation of a natural initial formulation. This new approach improves performances on our real-life test bed and opens up interesting research directions.
Some misconceptions about diagnostic anaesthesia administered during lameness evaluation
Authors: Schumacher Jim , Schramme Michael , Schumacher John
Published: September 2019

The notion that the accuracy of a nerve block correlates well with cutaneous sensation in the nerve's dermatome is false. A positive response to direct anaesthesia of a joint does not prove that the source of pain is within that joint or, conversely, that a negative response eliminates the joint as a source of pain. Local anaesthetics do appear to have the potential to cause long-term deleterious effects to joints when administered intra-articularly, in addition to the transient inflammatory response some are known to elicit. Administering epinephrine perineurally in combination with a local anaesthetic agent has been thought to have the potential to result in skin necrosis, subcutaneous swelling, and growth of white hair at the site of injection, but experience indicates that these complications are unlikely when epinephrine is administered at a concentration of 1:200 000 or less. The extent to which a local anaesthetic can migrate proximally following perineural injection can be underestimated.
Autumn poisoning hazards
Authors: Bates Nicola
Published: September 2019

The main poisoning hazard of autumn is the abundance of fruits and seeds following summer growth, but if the summer has seen extreme weather conditions, then pasture may be poor and horses may eat plants they would normally avoid. Usually the most significant hazard for horses in the autumn is atypical myopathy from repeated ingestion of sycamore seeds. Dried or wilted leaves of a related species, red maple, can cause haemolysis and methaemoglobinaemia in equines. Other potential risks in the autumn include yew; autumn crocus; oak (acorns); horse chestnut (conkers); plants containing cyanogenic glycosides, such as Prunus species; and ragwort. The fruit bodies of fungi (that is, mushrooms) are also abundant in warm, wet weather and although rarely reported (and possibly underreported), mushroom poisoning is a potential risk in horses. Depending on the type of mushroom there is risk of gastrointestinal, neurological, renal and liver effects. Treatment of plant and mushroom poisoning in horses will depend on the clinical signs and the plant or mushroom involved, but should include identification and removal of the plant or mushroom, and symptomatic care.
Equine Review
Authors: Crabtree James
Published: September 2019

Introduction: This edition of Equine Review has a flavour of equine reproduction and considers papers with practical application. Topics include diffusion of enrofloxacin into fetal fluids and effects on fetal cartilage; the effect of artificial vagina lubricants on sperm quality; the use of slow-release oxytocin for oestrus suppression in mares; and activity of ceftiofur and penicillin with gentamicin in postpartum uterine disease.
Breast‐feeding During Pregnancy and the Risk of Miscarriage
Authors: Molitoris Joseph
Published: September 2019

CONTEXT

Breast‐feeding rates and durations have been increasing among U.S. women in recent decades. As a result, women may be more likely to practice breast‐feeding during pregnancy (BDP), which has been hypothesized to increase the risk of miscarriage, yet there has been little research into the issue.

METHODS

Data on 10,661 pregnancies from several waves of the National Survey of Family Growth, covering the years 2002–2015, were used to calculate unadjusted miscarriage rates according to BDP status. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were employed to investigate the association between BDP and the risk of miscarriage.

RESULTS

BDP was practiced for 6% of the total time at risk of miscarriage. The miscarriage rate was higher when mothers exclusively breast‐fed during pregnancy (35%) than when they practiced either complementary BDP (i.e., the child also consumed other food) or did not breast‐feed (14% and 15%, respectively). After adjustment for maternal and pregnancy characteristics, the risk of miscarriage was greater when mothers exclusively breast‐fed than when mothers did not breast‐feed (hazard ratio, 3.9), but no increased risk was found with complementary BDP. The miscarriage risk during exclusive BDP was similar to that for women who conceived when they were 40 or older (3.2).

CONCLUSIONS

Exclusive BDP is associated with an elevated risk of miscarriage, but it remains unclear whether and how the practice is associated with health outcomes for the mother and breast‐fed child. Research is needed to further explore these outcomes to inform recommendations regarding BDP.
Perfil del Paciente Ambulatorio en Tratamiento con Ansiolíticos y/o Antidepresivos
Authors: Oyague López Laína , Mateos Campos Ramona
Published: September 2019

Tanto los fármacos ansiolíticos, benzodiacepinas hipnóticas como antidepresivos han experimentado un notable aumento en su consumo durante los últimos años. Debido a su actividad a nivel central son ampliamente utilizados en el tratamiento de patologías como insomnio, ansiedad o depresión. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer el perfil del paciente ambulatorio en tratamiento con alguno de estos principios activos. Para ello se ha llevado a cabo un estudio epidemiológico descriptivo transversal, para el que fue necesaria la resolución de un cuestionario por parte de aquellos pacientes que cumplieran los criterios de inclusión del estudio. Para su elaboración se consultaron las fichas técnicas de todos los principios activos comercializados en España pertenecientes al grupo de ansiolíticos, benzodiacepinas hipnóticas o antidepresivos. Se recogieron un total de 104 cuestionarios cuyos datos fueron almacenados y analizados en una base de datos. Se observó como el consumo de ansiolíticos y antidepresivos es más frecuente en mujeres y aumenta con la edad, siendo mayor el consumo de ansiolíticos en personas jubiladas y el de antidepresivos en trabajadoras en activo, y, en general, los tratamientos son de larga duración. Lorazepam es el fármaco ansiolítico más prescrito, mientras que Escitalopram lo es para el grupo de antidepresivos.
Residual quantification and oxidative stress induced by malachite green after subacute and sublethal exposure in red tilapia
Authors: Kwan Penz Penz , Banerjee Sanjoy , Shariff Mohamed , Yusoff Fatimah Md.
Published: September 2019

Background and Aim: Malachite green (MG) is an effective antiparasitic and antifungal chemical for treatment of fish. However, MG is reported to be a potential carcinogen. Yet, it is widely used in aquaculture despite its prohibition for use in food-producing animals by the EU and USFDA. The present study quantified MG residues and evaluated the oxidative stress in red tilapia when exposed to subacute and sublethal concentrations of MG.

Materials and Methods: Red tilapia exposed to subacute (0.105 mg/L for 20 days) and sublethal (0.053 mg/L for 60 days) concentrations were evaluated for total plasma protein, total immunoglobulin, nitroblue tetrazolium activity, malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT) activity levels. The residues of MG and leuco-MG (LMG) were also quantified in the fish muscles using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Results: Fish exposed to subacute concentration showed higher CAT on day 10 in the liver and days 5 and 15 in the spleen, whereas in fish exposed to the sublethal concentration, higher levels of GSH were observed on day 1 in the kidney and day 50 in the spleen. Fish muscle was able to accumulate the sum of MG and LMG of 108.04 μg/kg for subacute (day 20) and 82.68 μg/kg for sublethal (day 60).

Conclusion: This study showed that red tilapia was able to adapt to the stress caused by exposure to MG at sublethal concentration.
The state of erection in a patient with craniopharyngioma, panhypopituitarism and diencephalic obesity
Authors: Sidneva Yuliya G. , Astafyeva Ludmila I. , Kadashev Boris A. , Kalinin Pavel L. , Kutin Maxim A. , Dzeranova Larisa K.
Published: September 2019

The article presents a clinical case from the practice of a patient with craniopharyngioma. The man of reproductive age with diencephalic obesity (BMI 35 kg/m2), recurrent craniopharyngioma, a long history of endocrine disorders (panhypopituitarism, including secondary hypogonadism, with the corresponding sexual function disorders and the lack of sexual activity), with visual disorders and psychiatric symptoms in the early postoperative period after shunting surgery and reducing the volume of the craniopharyngioma cyst, erection conditions arose against the background of episodes of disorders of consciousness within the framework of sleep dissociation.
After the operation (installation of the Ommaya system), the patient had a state of spontaneous erection lasting up to 30 minutes against the background of dream-oneiric states of impaired consciousness with erotic experiences. These states were observed for 3 nights, the patient remembered the experiences and events that occurred to him in a dream, and could tell about them to others on the next morning. The identity of the patient remained intact, he was active in the department, ordered in behavior; memory for current events and new information was intact. These disorders in the patient did not require specialized treatment, regressed independently on the 6th day of the postoperative period.
Correlation between body weight and postural control in healthy individuals using sway meter
Authors: G Tharani , M G Vedha Varshini , C V Senthil Nathan , G Mohan Kumar , K Kamatchi
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND: Postural control is critical for ensuring a safety activity of daily living. Individuals with poor stability are more prone to fall while doing activities of daily living. A certain level of sway is essentially present due to small perturbation within the body during shifting body weight from one to other foot, breathing, etc. The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between body mass and postural control in normal, lean and obese individual.
AIMS: to analyze the correlation between body mass and postural control in healthy individuals using sway meter.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is an observational study done with 75 participants. Both male and female healthy individuals between 18-23 years were included in this study. Individuals with any musculoskeletal injuries, neurological conditions, peripheral artery disease and pregnant women were excluded from the study. BMI of each participant was calculated and assigned into three groups. Group A-lean, group B-normal and group C-obese. Postural control was analyzed for each group by using sway meter; level of postural sway was compared between groups A, B C.
RESULTS: On comparing mean values of groups A, B and C there was a positive association and strong correlation between body mass index and postural control with eye open and eye closed in anterior, posterior and postural sway towards left between the groups at (P 0.05). However, there was a negative association and weak correlation between BMI and postural control with eye open eye closed in postural sway towards right between the groups at (P 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals that there is strong correlation between BMI and postural control. Subjects in eyes closed and eyes opened conditions showed sway in anterior, posterior and left directions but there was less sway towards right side direction.
The efficacy of high-dose cabergoline treatment of prolactinomas resistant to standard doses: a clinical observation
Authors: Kalmykova Zilya A. , Vorotnikova Svetlana Y. , Fedorova Natalia S. , Dzeranova Larisa K. , Pigarova Ekaterina A. , Vorontsov Aleksandr V.
Published: September 2019

Hyperprolactinemia (HP) is one of the most common neuroendocrine disorders. In 60% of cases, pathological HP is caused by pituitary prolactin-secreting adenoma. Therapy with agonists of dopamine type 2 receptors (D2 receptor agonists) is a method of choice for the treatment of pathological HP which allows to achieve prolactin normalization and reduction of pituitary adenoma in most cases. However, 15-20% of patients are resistant to D2 receptor agonists, and the question of overcoming this resistance is highly relevant. Different approaches are considered to solve this problem, one - is to increase the dose of D2 receptor agonists up to the maximally tolerated. In this article, we present a clinical observation of a patient with a partial resistance to D2 receptor agonists who demonstrated a good response to treatment with high doses of cabergoline.
Comparison of the accuracy of resting metabolic rate in children with simple obesity using calculation formulas and indirect respiratory calorimetry
Authors: Okorokov Pavel L. , Vasyukova Olga V. , Shiryaeva Tatiana Y.
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND: A prerequisite for planning a diet for weight loss in obese children is to determine the level of resting metabolic rate (RMR). The gold standard for estimating the daily energy consumption of rest is indirect respiratory calorimetry. However, given its high cost and labor intensity, various calculation formulas are widely used in clinical practice.
AIMS: to determine the accuracy of resting metabolic rate estimated by calculation formulas and indirect respiratory calorimetry in children with simple obesity.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 100 children aged 9 to 18 years, with a simple constitutional-exogenous obesity, which assessed the resting metabolic rate estimated by calculation formulas and indirect respiratory calorimetry.
RESULTS: The Molnar formula most accurately estimates resting metabolic rate, comparable to the results of indirect respiratory calorimetry in 64% of cases. The Harris-Benedict and IOM formulas yield an accurate result in 53 and 51% of the cases, respectively. The least accurate result is shown by WHO formula (22%). The minimum mean difference between the calculated and actual basal metabolic rate in obese boys for the Molnar formula is 18 kcal (CI: -53 to 90, 95% LOA from -490 to 527), in girls: -0.7 kcal (CI) : -65 - 63, 95% LOA from -435 to 434). Attention is drawn to the large mean difference and wide spread of the boundaries of the agreement of the studied indicators in obese children. In the evaluation, depending on the degree of obesity, it is shown that the formula Molnar has the highest accuracy, however, in children with morbid obesity, the accuracy of the evaluation is significantly reduced.
CONCLUSIONS: Indirect respiratory calorimetry is the preferred method of assessing resting metabolic rate in children with simple obesity.
Obesity and infection. Another comorbidity?
Authors: Dvoretskii Leonid I.
Published: September 2019

A literature review is devoted to the problem of comorbidity of obesity (Ob) and infections. At present, extensive material has been accumulated about the increased propensity of patients with Ob to various infections (respiratory, urinary, viral, nosocomial, postoperative). One of the pathogenetic mechanisms of infection development in patients with Ob is dysfunction of cellular and humoral immunity, induced by adipose tissue production of cytokines (adipokines), which have an immunomodulating effect in various directions. Further research is needed in the field of epidemiology, mechanisms of development and course of infections in patients with Ob, as well as developing tactics for conducting this category of patients (diagnosis, antibiotic therapy, preoperative preparation, etc.).