bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The issue of security in the Balkans in the context of the Soviet-French negotiations on the Eastern Pact (1933-1935)
Authors: Aleksandrovič-Veršinin Aleksandr
Published: April 2023

The author argues that the Balkans, although not a direct participant in the negotiations on the Eastern Pact between the USSR and France in 1933-1935, played an important role in its final realization. Paris considered the Balkans the cornerstone of a complex system of collective security, ensuring the interconnection of its Mediterranean and Eastern European zones. Moscow saw the Balkan region as a potential door for anti-Soviet intervention and was interested in strengthening its positions there by penetrating the French system. At the same time, the normalization of relations between the USSR and the Balkan countries enabled the Soviet leadership to exert diplomatic pressure on France. By the end of 1933, both sides found a mutually acceptable scenario of diplomatic rapprochement, which made it possible to plan the long-term stabilization of relations in Eastern and Southeastern Europe in 1934. However, the murder of J. L. Barthou in October 1934, as well as the new course of his successor, prevented the successful completion of the process, although it enabled the USSR to gain diplomatic recognition from a number of Balkan states.
Russian politics in the Balkans and the 1903 crisis
Authors: Rudol'fovič-Ajrapetov Oleg
Published: April 2023

After the suppression of the Boxer Rebellion, the situation in the Far East became increasingly dangerous. The contradictions between Russia and Japan in Manchuria and Korea were growing. To activate its policy in the Far East, Saint Petersburg needed a calm rear in Europe and the Balkans. Meanwhile, the situation in Macedonia threatened to put this rear in jeopardy. Russian-Ottoman relations were threatened by the actions of the VMRO activists and acts of terror committed by Albanians against Russian diplomats. Neither Constantinople nor Saint Petersburg wanted further complications. Nevertheless, Russia was forced to organize a naval demonstration and send its Black Sea Fleet Squadron to the European coast of Turkey. That did not lead to further development of the crisis. Faced with the prospect of a common European diplomatic front, which was based on the Russian-Austrian agreement in Mürzsteg, the Ottoman government took a number of measures against the organizers of terror and accepted a reform program in Macedonia, proposed by Russia and Austria-Hungary
Austro-Hungarian cultural and ecclesiastical policy in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the late 19th century as evaluated by the Russian academic and slavist P. A. Lavrov
Authors: Vladimirovič-Ševčenko Kirill
Published: April 2023

The article analyses the views of the famous Russian academic, expert in the Balkan Studies, P.A. Lavrov on the situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the second half of the 19th century after the occupation of this territory by Austria-Hungary. Particular attention is paid to the influence of the ecclesiastical and cultural policy of the Austrian authorities on the situation in that region as well as to the consequences of this policy. P.A. Lavrov stressed the injustice of the occupation of Bosnia by Austria-Hungary and noted that from the very beginning of Austrian domination in this region of the Balkans, the Austrian administration pursued a policy aimed at systematic suppressing of the Orthodox Church, wide-scale support for the Catholic Church and the spreading of the Croatian national identity among the local Slavic population. For example, school textbooks in Bosnia were written by Croatian scholars who interpreted the local Slavic population of the Catholic faith as Croats. To more effectively implement this policy, the Austrian authorities have established effective control over the Orthodox Church and over the school system in Bosnia. In addition, the Austrian authorities facilitated the resettlement of Czechs and Poles loyal to Austria to the region, providing them with jobs as officials, police and gendarmerie employees, and entrepreneurs. This policy, carried out systematically and consistently for decades, contributed to a sharp strengthening of the position of the Catholic Church in the region and the spread of Croatian identity among the local Slavic population.
Avances en el tratamiento de las leucemias agudas
Authors: Picos-Contreras Javier Alejandro
Published: April 2023

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Diagnóstico de hemoglobinopatías y talasemias
Authors: Guevara-Moreno Salma Paloma , Ramírez-Fernández Marielisa
Published: April 2023

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Asociación entre disfunción eréctil y funcionalidad del subsistema conyugal en pacientes con hiperplasia prostática benigna
Authors: Ramos-Silva Jesús A. , Velazquez-Farias Hugo , Álvarez-Martínez Carlos D. , Aguilar-Romero Diego , Arriaga-Aguilar Juan
Published: April 2023

Introducción: La Hiperplasia Prostática Benigna (HPB) es una patología frecuente en pacientes mayores de 40 años. El uso de medicamentos como tamsulosina y finasterida disminuyen considerablemente los síntomas obstructivos e irritativos, por lo que solo un pequeño porcentaje amerita tratamiento quirúrgico. Entre los efectos secundarios que tiene el tratamiento farmacológico se encuentra la disfunción eréctil, la cual puede afectar la calidad de vida de quienes lo utilizan y también la funcionalidad del subsistema conyugal. El objetivo principal es determinar si existe asociación entre disfunción eréctil y funcionalidad del subsistema conyugal en pacientes con hiperplasia prostática benigna.

Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, transversal y descriptivo que se llevó a cabo en 143 pacientes con diagnóstico de HPB que reciben tratamiento con tamsulosina y finasterida, seleccionados a través de muestreo no probabilístico por casos consecutivos. Para el grado de disfunción eréctil se utilizó el cuestionario IIEF-5 y para el grado de funcionalidad del subsistema conyugal la escala de Chávez[1]Velasco. El análisis de los resultados se llevó a cabo mediante estadística descriptiva y para la asociación de las variables dependiente e independiente Chi cuadrada, con un IC del 95% y una significancia estadística ≤ 0.05.

Resultados: El rango de edad fue de 45 a 65 años, 73% casados, el resto en unión libre. 135 presentaron algún grado de disfunción eréctil y 73 disfunción del subsistema conyugal.

Conclusiones: Existe una asociación positiva entre disfunción eréctil y funcionalidad del subsistema conyugal (p=0.027).
Generalidades de genómica y medicina de precisión
Authors: Guevara-Moreno Salma Paloma , Ramírez-Fernández Marielisa
Published: April 2023

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Aplicación de la genética médica en la práctica clínica e importancia del asesoramiento genético
Authors: Aguilera-Duarte Luis José
Published: April 2023

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Diagnóstico perinatal y teratogénesis
Authors: Hernández-Sánchez Ana María
Published: April 2023

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Genética multifactorial: Obesidad, DM2, HTA esencial y enfermedad hepática grasa
Authors: Acuña-Montaño Carmen Daniela
Published: April 2023

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Genética y bioética
Authors: Espinoza-Molina Ana Karen
Published: April 2023

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Obesidad y enfermedad hepática grasa asociada a disfunción metabólica: correlación de aspectos genéticos y epigenéticos implicados.
Authors: Leverda González Diana Judith
Published: April 2023

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Hipertensión y enfermedad renal crónica
Authors: Leal-Alegre Gustavo , León-Duarte Alesandra
Published: April 2023

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Técnica de operatividad de problemas en investigaciones jurídicas cualitativas y cuantitativas
Authors: Mendizábal Walter
Published: April 2023

El artículo pretende esquematizar las técnicas operativas a los problemas del fenómeno objeto de estudio en la investigación jurídica, desde la perspectiva de los enfoques cualitativos y cuantitativos, en las ciencias sociales. Cabe destacar que el fenómeno jurídico, esta desde la percepción de una herramienta de control social combinado por normas (leyes) que mandan y tutelan temporal y espacialmente hechos, sujetos y valores, obteniendo un cúmulo de saberes jurídicos, para su aplicación, interpretación y sanción. Proyecta establecer un abordaje sobre la teoría fundamentada en concordancia con las técnicas y métodos propios de la investigación, para establecer un matiz conceptual sobre el papel que juega la exploración legislativa bajo los paradigmas del tejido metodológico de la investigación científica; así como la aplicación actual de la misma en función de resaltar la eficacia de los conocimientos jurídicos sociales en el campo del derecho en su transdisciplinariedad. La teoría fundamentada es un componente valioso en el aporte a las ciencias sociales, destacando principalmente a la investigación cualitativa, por ofrecer herramientas para construir teoría, por su parte, la teoría fundamentada provee instrucciones precisas y rigurosas que los investigadores deben examinar, depurar, para desarrollar nuevas ideas y conocimientos acerca de los datos o fenómeno de estudio. Con respecto a la investigación cuantitativa, las nociones se podrán contar con elementos más aceptados por la doctrina, como el tipo experimental y no experimental, tomando en cuenta los aspectos técnicos, financieros, y protocolares del contexto en precisar, definir y limitar el objeto de estudio.
Manejo del examen de proporcionalidad en la prisión preventiva en tiempos de Covid - 19. Una Revisión sistemática
Authors: Temoche William , Mendizábal Walter
Published: April 2023

El objetivo de la investigación es determinar la importancia del manejo del examen de proporcionalidad en la prisión preventiva en emergencias sanitarias en una revisión sistemática de literatura, ello en cuanto a cómo el virus COVID – 19, con letal manifestación especialmente en los centros penitenciarios donde el hacinamiento y la escasa higiene han aumentado el riesgo de contagio y puesto en riesgo la vida de las personas vulnerables. Este trabajo siguió un rigor científico que exigió aplicar un método inductivo, se basó en un estudio cualitativo de tipo básico, de revisión de literatura, reafirmado con guías de entrevista aplicadas a dos especialistas, una juez y un abogado. La conclusión más importante está relacionada con la ineficaz aplicación de medidas alternativas al internamiento en carcelería y el mal uso de los subprincipios de la proporcionalidad para aplicar la prisión preventiva.
TMS-evoked responses are driven by recurrent large-scale network dynamics
Authors: Momi Davide , Wang Zheng , Griffiths John D
Published: April 2023

A compelling way to disentangle the complexity of the brain is to measure the effects of spatially and temporally synchronized systematic perturbations. In humans, this can be non-invasively achieved by combining transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (EEG). Spatiotemporally complex and long-lasting TMS-EEG evoked potential (TEP) waveforms are believed to result from recurrent, re-entrant activity that propagates broadly across multiple cortical and subcortical regions, dispersing from and later re-converging on, the primary stimulation site. However, if we loosely understand the TEP of a TMS-stimulated region as the impulse response function of a noisy underdamped harmonic oscillator, then multiple later activity components (waveform peaks) should be expected even for an isolated network node in the complete absence of recurrent inputs. Thus emerges a critically important question for basic and clinical research on human brain dynamics: what parts of the TEP are due to purely local dynamics, what parts are due to reverberant, re-entrant network activity, and how can we distinguish between the two? To disentangle this, we used source-localized TMS-EEG analyses and whole-brain connectome-based computational modelling. Results indicated that recurrent network feedback begins to drive TEP responses from 100 ms post-stimulation, with earlier TEP components being attributable to local reverberatory activity within the stimulated region. Subject-specific estimation of neurophysiological parameters additionally indicated an important role for inhibitory GABAergic neural populations in scaling cortical excitability levels, as reflected in TEP waveform characteristics. The novel discoveries and new software technologies introduced here should be of broad utility in basic and clinical neuroscience research.
A robust NIfTI image authentication framework to ensure reliable and safe diagnosis
Authors: Basheer Shakila , Singh Kamred Udham , Sharma Vandana , Bhatia Surbhi , Pande Nilesh , Kumar Ankit
Published: April 2023

Advancements in digital medical imaging technologies have significantly impacted the healthcare system. It enables the diagnosis of various diseases through the interpretation of medical images. In addition, telemedicine, including teleradiology, has been a crucial impact on remote medical consultation, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, with the increasing reliance on digital medical images comes the risk of digital media attacks that can compromise the authenticity and ownership of these images. Therefore, it is crucial to develop reliable and secure methods to authenticate these images that are in NIfTI image format. The proposed method in this research involves meticulously integrating a watermark into the slice of the NIfTI image. The Slantlet transform allows modification during insertion, while the Hessenberg matrix decomposition is applied to the LL subband, which retains the most energy of the image. The Affine transform scrambles the watermark before embedding it in the slice. The hybrid combination of these functions has outperformed previous methods, with good trade-offs between security, imperceptibility, and robustness. The performance measures used, such as NC, PSNR, SNR, and SSIM, indicate good results, with PSNR ranging from 60 to 61 dB, image quality index, and NC all close to one. Furthermore, the simulation results have been tested against image processing threats, demonstrating the effectiveness of this method in ensuring the authenticity and ownership of NIfTI images. Thus, the proposed method in this research provides a reliable and secure solution for the authentication of NIfTI images, which can have significant implications in the healthcare industry.
Evaluation of waterlogging tolerance and responses of protective enzymes to waterlogging stress in pumpkin
Authors: Liu Zhenwei , Qiao Dandan , Liu Zhenyu , Wang Pengwei , Sun Li , Li Xinzheng
Published: April 2023

Waterlogging caused by short and severe, or prolonged precipitation can be attributed to global warming. Pumpkin plants are drought-tolerant but not tolerate to waterlogging stress. Under frequent rain and waterlogging conditions, the production of pumpkins is of lower quality, sometimes rotten, and harvest failure occurs in severe cases. Therefore, it is of great significance to assess the waterlogging tolerance mechanism of pumpkin plants. In this study, 10 novel pumpkin varieties from Baimi series were used. The waterlogging tolerance level of pumpkin plants was evaluated by measuring waterlogging tolerance coefficient of biomass and physiological indices using waterlogging stress simulation method. The criteria to evaluate the waterlogging tolerance capacities of pumpkin plants were also explored. Using principal component and membership function analysis, waterlogging tolerance levels of the pumpkin varieties were ranked as follows: Baimi No. 10>; Baimi No. 5>; Baimi No. 1>; Baimi No. 2>; Baimi No. 3>; Baimi No. 7>; Baimi No. 9>; Baimi No. 6>; Baimi No. 4>; Baimi No. 8. Based on the results, Baimi No. 10 was identified with strong waterlogging tolerance and Baimi No. 8 with weak waterlogging tolerance. The responses of malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, key enzymes responsible for anaerobic respiration, and antioxidant enzymes to waterlogging stress were studied in pumpkin plants. The relative expression levels of related genes were determined using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR technique. The aim of our study was to assess the waterlogging tolerance mechanism of pumpkin plants, thus laying a theoretical foundation for breeding waterlogging-tolerant varieties in the future. After flooding stress treatment, the antioxidant enzyme activities, contents of proline and alcohol dehydrogenases of Baimi No. 10 and Baimi No. 8 displayed an increase followed by a decrease. All indices of Baimi No. 10 were higher than Baimi No. 8. MDA contents gradually increased, with the content being higher in Baimi No. 8 than Baimi No. 10. The activities of pyruvate decarboxylases (PDCs) in Baimi No. 8 and Baimi No. 10 exhibited a decrease initially, followed by an increase, and then a decrease again. The PDC activity in Baimi No. 8 was generally higher than Baimi No. 10. The relative expression levels of genes encoding superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase were consistent with their corresponding enzyme activities. During the early stage of flooding stress, pumpkin plants waterlogging tolerance was improved by enhancing the expression levels of antioxidant enzyme encoding genes and increasing the antioxidant enzyme activities.
Captive breeding in the endangered alpine tree frog, Litoria verreauxii alpina
Authors: Brannelly Laura A. , Sharma Preeti , Wallace Danielle K.
Published: April 2023

Amphibians are experiencing dramatic worldwide declines and many species are reliant on captive breeding programs to ensure continued survival. However, captive breeding in amphibians is not always successful because many species, especially ones in decline, have particular and specific breeding needs. The endangered alpine tree frog, Litoria verreauxii alpina, has never been bred in captivity before. Due to its dramatic declines across the Australian Alps caused by the global pandemic chytridiomycosis, the species is a potential candidate for captive assurance colonies, which rely on captive breeding. For this study we tested hormone induction using two hormones that have had some success in other amphibian species, to no avail. We then tried outdoor breeding mesocosms during the winter/spring at temperatures similar to their natural breeding season, which was successful. Sixty-five percent of the egg masses laid successfully hatched tadpoles. Females laid more than one clutch over the experiment indicating either a shorter than annual ovulation cycle, or that females are capable of partial ovulation during breeding events. Outdoor breeding mesocosms are a possibility outside the native climate of a species, provided that temperatures overlap with their natural environment. Here, we highlight that troubleshooting is essential before embarking on a captive breeding program of a species that has not been bred before. Hormonal induction of breeding is not always successful; therefore, outdoor mesocosms might be required to achieve healthy tadpoles.
Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses identify three structural dimensions for measuring physical function in community-dwelling older adults
Authors: Jiang Guiping , Tan Xiaohuan , Wang Hailong , Xu Min , Wu Xueping
Published: April 2023

Background

Physical function is a strong indicator of biological age and quality of life among older adults. However, the results from studies exploring the structural dimensions of physical function are inconsistent, and the measures assessed vary greatly, leading to a lack of comparability among them. This study aimed to construct a model to identify structural dimensions that are suitable and best assess physical function among community-dwelling adults 60–74 years of age in China.

Method

This study was conducted in 11 communities in Shanghai, China, from May to July 2021. A total of 381 adults 60–74 years of age were included in the study. Measured physical function data were used in factor analyses. Data collected from individuals were randomly assigned to either exploratory factor analysis (EFA) (n = 190) or confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) (n = 191). The statistical software used in the study was SPSS for EFA and AMOS for CFA. To test the properties of the structural dimension model of physical function, various fit indices, convergent validity, and discriminant validity were calculated.

Results

The EFA results derived seven indicators in three factors, with 58.548% of the total variance explained. The three factors were mobility function (three indicators), which explained 26.380% of the variance, handgrip strength and pulmonary function (two indicators), which explained 19.117% of the variance, and muscle strength (two indicators) which explained 13.050% of the variance. The CFA indicated that this model had an acceptable fit (χ2/df ratio, 2.102; GFI, 0.967; IFI, 0.960; CFI, 0.959; and RMSEA, 0.076), and the criteria for convergent validity and discriminability were also met by the model.

Conclusion

The constructed structural dimension model of physical function appeared to be a suitable and reliable tool to measure physical function in community-dwelling adults aged 60–74 years in China. The structural dimension indicators identified by this model may help sports medicine experts and healthcare providers offer more targeted interventions for older adults to reverse or slow the decline of physical function and to offer actionable targets for healthy aging in this population.
Sistema de controle interno: um estudo na controladoria geral do estado da paraíba área temática: contabilidade aplicada ao setor público e terceiro setor
Authors: Da Silva Claudimar Andrews Batista Alves , Echternacht Tiago Henrique de Souza , Da Silva Jussara Mary Ribeiro
Published: April 2023

O presente estudo buscou avaliar a utilização do controle interno na Controladoria Geral do Estado, localizada em João Pessoa - Paraíba. A pesquisa em questão se classificou como qualitativa. Já para coleta e tratamento dos dados foram utilizados como base os estudos metodológicos de forma aplicada de Costa (2019), Santos (2016) e Teixeira (2008), onde houveram análises quanto o gerenciamento de risco e controle e o controle interno em uma organização pública, bem como sua importância na gestão da entidade. Os resultados obtidos da presente pesquisa foram relacionadas às atividades de controle onde se pode afirmar que as informações sobre a gestão, normas e diretrizes de controle são divulgadas a maioria dos servidores do órgão, existe de um modo geral segregação de funções, conciliação, análise de relatórios, manual de políticas e procedimentos em cada setor.
Assessment of Micronutrients of Solanum aethiopicum and Solanum melongena Fruits Consumed in Burkina Faso
Authors: Yaméogo Charles W. , Garanet Franck
Published: April 2023

Aim: In Burkina Faso, low micronutrients intake is one of factors responsible of under five years children malnutrition. Research on local food to find best vegetables rich in micronutrients is a way to improve children nutrition. The aim of this study is to assess micronutrients content of Solanum aethiopicum and Solanum melongena grown in Burkina Faso.

Methodology: From three markets of Ouagadougou city, fresh samples of fruits of the two plants have been purchased. After one month drying in laboratory at 25°C, the dried samples were used to determine content of of Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Potassium (K) , Sodium (Na), Phosphor (P), Iron (Fe) and Zinc (Zn) using flam photometer and atomic absorption spectrophotometer.

Results: The results showed high content of K, Mg and Ca in the fruits. The content of Na, P is also satisfying. Fe and Zn known as trace elements are also well represented in the two fruits. The values were 3582, 187, 126, 87, 29, 21 and 2 mg/100 g for K, Mg, Ca, Na, P, Fe and Zn, respectively for the fruits of S. aethiopicum. S. melongena fruits had 2991, 317, 207, 135, 30, 6 and 4 mg/100 g for K, Ca, Mg, Na, P, Fe and Zn, respectively. 

Conclusion: These two fruits are important sources of micronutrients and must be included in children diet to improve their nutritional status.
Risk Factors Associated with Pneumonia among under 5 Years Children at Banadir Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia
Authors: Adawe Mohamed Osman , Odongo Alfred Owino , Kariuki John Gachuki
Published: April 2023

Aims: Pneumonia burden among children aged five years and below in Somalia remains one of big health problems. Higher risk factors of child Pneumonia in Somalia includes child stunting, child wasting and indoor air pollution. The main objective of this study was to investigate the risk factors associated with pneumonia among under 5 years children attending Banadir Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia. The specific objectives were to determine the prevalence of pneumonia among children aged under 5 years; to establish the socio-demographic factors, environmental factors                             and health facility related factors associated with Pneumonia among children aged under                5 years.

Study Design: The study adopted cross-sectional study design.

Place and Duration of Study: Banadir Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia in 2022.

Methodology: The study used a systematic random sampling technique to select 188 under 5 children with pneumonia. A structured questionnaire and interview guide were employed in collecting data. Qualitative data was analyzed using content technique. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The inferential statistics entailed the multivariable logistic regression analysis to determine the risk factors that predict pneumonia among the under 5 years children.

Results: The results indicated that the social demographic factors that were protective and decreased the odds of prevalence of pneumonia among under 5 years children were age of 4 - 5 years (Odds= 1.125, P=0.008<0.05); caretakers who had attended university (0.964;P=0.010<0.05); caretakers who earned 300-400$ (Odds=1.315; P=0.006<0.05); birth weight over 3kgs (Odds=2.422; P=0.014<0.05); permanent housing (Odds= 0.810; P=0.007<0.05). The environmental factors that were associated with high prevalence of pneumonia among under 5 years children were living in an environment without safe air quality (Odds= 1.402; P=0.033<0.05); and living in an environment where firewood is used for cooking (Odds=0.704;P=0.038<0.05). The health related factors that were protective and decreased the odds of prevalence of pneumonia among under 5 years children were pneumonia vaccination (Odds=0.948; P=0.008<0.05).

Conclusion: The study concluded that the risk factors for pneumonia among children aged under 5 years were age, level of education, income, birth weight, exclusive breast feeding, pneumonia vaccination, postnatal care, and history of acute respiratory tract infection. The study recommends that the health centres should equip the mothers and the caregivers with the basic knowledge regarding health and the hospitals to conduct post-natal training programs to the mothers and caregivers.
Biochar: A Black Carbon for Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Banu M. R. Fida , Rani B. , Kavya S. R. , Nihala Jabin P. P.
Published: April 2023

Biochar refers to the black carbon that is produced by the process of slow pyrolysis and act as a vehicle of carbon sequestration from renewable and sustainable biomass. This review describes the ability of biochar to improve the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil and thus increase crop yield and productivity. Benefits of application of biochar also includes lowering of bulk density, improving porosity, aggregation, water infiltration and water holding capacity of soils. It also darkens the soil colour which affects soil surface reflectance and thus helps to moderate soil temperature. Biochar addition enhances cation exchange capacity, increases soil pH, improves the supply and uptake of nutrients, reduces nutrient leaching losses, captures NH3 and leads to reduction in volatilization loss of nitrogen thus improving nutrient availability in soils. Application of biochar can also remediate soils contaminated with heavy metals and organic pollutants. It can also facilitate microbial colonisation in soil, enhance soil microbial biomass carbon, enzyme activity and the activity of mycorrhizal fungi.
The Effect of Sponsor-Event Congruence on Sponsor Credibility, Attitude toward the Sponsor, and Purchase Intention: A Study of Implora Brand
Authors: Maretta Angelia , Purnamaningsih Purnamaningsih , Kurniasari Florentina
Published: April 2023

Aims: This research was conducted to find out the effect of sponsorship on one of the biggest beauty events in Indonesia, namely Jakarta x Beauty 2022 through sponsor-event congruence, sponsor credibility, and attitudes towards the sponsor to purchase intention of a local beauty brand, namely Implora.

Study Design:  Cross-Sectional Descriptive Quantitative Research with a non-probability sampling technique.

Place and Duration of Study: The population consisted of Indonesians who had visited the Jakarta x Beauty 2022 beauty event held by the Female Daily Network. The samples used as respondents who participated in this study were women and men with a minimum age of 17 years who like to pay attention to appearance, know about the Female Daily Network, know about the Jakarta x Beauty program, attend the Jakarta x Beauty 2022 event, know about a beauty brand called Implora, know about Implora is a sponsor at the Jakarta x Beauty 2022 event, and has never purchased beauty products from Implora.

Methodology: There are three hypotheses tested through the structural equation model (SEM) method with a total sample of 112 respondents.

Results: In this study, it is proven that event-sponsor congruence has a positive influence on sponsor credibility. Furthermore, sponsor credibility has a positive influence on attitude toward the sponsor, as well as purchase intentions which are positively influenced by attitude toward the sponsor.

Conclusion: This research can be considered by Implora in conducting sponsorship in the future, as well as contributing to further similar research so it can obtain a maximum research result.
Association of Health-Related Social Needs With Quality and Utilization Outcomes in a Medicare Advantage Population With Diabetes
Authors: Ryan Jessica L. , Franklin Stephanie M. , Canterberry Melanie , Long Charron L. , Bowe Andy , Roy Brandy D. , Hessler Danielle , Aceves Benjamin , Gottlieb Laura M.
Published: April 2023

Importance

Recent research highlights the association of social determinants of health with health outcomes of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Objective

To examine associations between health-related social needs (HRSNs) and health care quality and utilization outcomes in a Medicare Advantage population with T2D.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study used medical and pharmacy claims data from 2019. An HRSN survey was given between October 16, 2019, and February 29, 2020, to Medicare Advantage beneficiaries. Inclusion criteria were diagnosis of T2D, age of 20 to 89 years, continuous Medicare Advantage enrollment in 2019, and response to the HRSN survey. Data were analyzed between June 2021 and January 2022.

Exposures

Enrollment in Medicare Advantage, diagnosis of T2D, and completion of a survey on HRSNs.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Quality outcomes included diabetes medication adherence, statin adherence, completion of a glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) laboratory test in the past 12 months, and controlled HbA1c. Utilization outcomes included all-cause hospitalization, potentially avoidable hospitalization, emergency department discharge, and readmission.

Results

Of the 21 528 Medicare Advantage beneficiaries with T2D included in the study (mean [SD] age, 71.0 [8.3] years; 55.4% women), most (56.9%) had at least 1 HRSN. Among the population with T2D reporting HRSNs, the most prevalent were financial strain (73.6%), food insecurity (47.5%), and poor housing quality (39.1%). In adjusted models, loneliness (odds ratio [OR], 0.85; 95% CI, 0.73-0.99), lack of transportation (OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.69-0.92), utility insecurity (OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.76-0.98), and housing insecurity (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67-0.91) were each associated with lower diabetes medication adherence. Loneliness and lack of transportation were associated with increased emergency visits (marginal effects of 173.0 [95% CI, 74.2-271.9] and 244.6 [95% CI, 150.4-338.9] emergency visits per 1000 beneficiaries for loneliness and transportation, respectively). Food insecurity was the HRSN most consistently associated with higher acute care utilization (marginal effects of 84.6 [95% CI, 19.8-149.4] emergency visits, 30.4 [95% CI, 9.5-51.3] inpatient encounters, and 17.1 [95% CI, 4.7-29.5] avoidable hospitalizations per 1000 beneficiaries).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study of Medicare Advantage beneficiaries with T2D, some HRSNs were associated with care quality and utilization. The results of the study may be used to direct interventions to the social needs most associated with T2D health outcomes and inform policy decisions at the insurance plan and community level.
Ingestion of Illicit Substances by Young Children Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Raffa Brittany J. , Schilling Samantha , Henry M. Katherine , Ritter Victor , Bennett Colleen E. , Huang Jeannie S. , Laub Natalie
Published: April 2023

Importance

Information about the trend in illicit substance ingestions among young children during the pandemic is limited.

Objectives

To assess immediate and sustained changes in overall illicit substance ingestion rates among children younger than 6 years before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and to examine changes by substance type (amphetamines, benzodiazepines, cannabis, cocaine, ethanol, and opioids) while controlling for differing statewide medicinal and recreational cannabis legalization policies.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Retrospective cross-sectional study using an interrupted time series at 46 tertiary care children’s hospitals within the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS). Participants were children younger than 6 years who presented to a PHIS hospital for an illicit substance(s) ingestion between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2021. Data were analyzed in February 2023.

Exposure

Absence or presence of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s)

The primary outcome was the monthly rate of encounters for illicit substance ingestions among children younger than 6 years defined by International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis code(s) for poisoning by amphetamines, benzodiazepines, cannabis, cocaine, ethanol, and opioids. The secondary outcomes were the monthly rate of encounters for individual substances.

Results

Among 7659 children presenting with ingestions, the mean (SD) age was 2.2 (1.3) years and 5825 (76.0%) were Medicaid insured/self-pay. There was a 25.6% (95% CI, 13.2%-39.4%) immediate increase in overall ingestions at the onset of the pandemic compared with the prepandemic period, which was attributed to cannabis, opioid, and ethanol ingestions. There was a 1.8% (95% CI, 1.1%-2.4%) sustained monthly relative increase compared with prepandemic trends in overall ingestions which was due to opioids. There was no association between medicinal or recreational cannabis legalization and the rate of cannabis ingestion encounters.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study of illicit substance ingestions in young children before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an immediate and sustained increase in illicit substance ingestions during the pandemic. Additional studies are needed to contextualize these findings in the setting of pandemic-related stress and to identify interventions to prevent ingestions in face of such stress, such as improved parental mental health and substance treatment services, accessible childcare, and increased substance storage education.
The Muscle‐Gut‐Brain Axis and Psychiatric Illness
Authors: Scriven Mary , McSweeney Angela , O'Carroll Therese , Morkl Sabrina , Butler Mary I
Published: April 2023

The microbiota‐gut‐brain axis (MGBA) has been the subject of much research over the past decade, offering an exciting new paradigm for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. In this review, the MGBA is extended to include skeletal muscle and the potential role of an expanded “muscle‐gut‐brain axis” (MuGBA) in conditions such as anxiety and depression is discussed. There is evidence, from both preclinical and human studies, of bidirectional links between the gut microbiome and skeletal muscle function and structure. The therapeutic role of exercise in reducing depressive and anxiety symptoms is widely recognised, and the potential role of the gut microbiota‐skeletal muscle link is discussed within this context. Potential pathways of communication involved in the MuGBA including the tryptophan‐kynurenine pathway, intestinal permeability, immune modulation, and bacterial metabolites such as short‐chain‐fatty‐acids are explored.
Atom Rearrangement by Cyclic Electron “Shaking”
Authors: Toku Yuhki , Kizawa Kurama , Kimura Yasuhiro , Ju Yang
Published: April 2023

The arrangement of atoms comprising a material determines its properties. Thus, atom arrangement controllability can substantially facilitate the creation of new materials such as functional materials. Relevant materials science research has relied heavily on heat treatments. This study investigates the phenomenon of atom rearrangement by applying a high‐frequency alternating current without heating. The proposed method spontaneously rearranges atoms to produce a dense crystal plane oriented parallel to the electron flow. The atoms are “shaken” by generating mechanical interaction between electrons and atoms. Transmission electron microscopy reveals the enlarged crystal grains and an increase in close‐packed planes resulting from the self‐alignment of the atoms along the direction of electron flow. Conventional heat treatments cannot result in such phenomena because heat treatments induce random vibration of the atoms. In contrast, the current flow in the high‐frequency alternating current enables direction‐specific vibration of the atoms. This novel technique could be applied to develop new functional materials that are difficult to obtain via conventional heat treatment methods. Furthermore, this atom rearrangement technology can be applied to expand the field of materials science research.
Sonodynamic Bacterial Inactivation Enhanced by an Actuator‐Integrated Mechanism
Authors: Sun Xiang , Wei Mengshi , Pang Xin , Lin Lin , Gao Qiang , Su Lichao , Liu Ting , Yao Youliang , Song Jibin , Wang Wei , Yan Xiaohui
Published: April 2023

Sonodynamic bacterial inactivation, a reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐empowered approach featuring high penetration depth and low health risk, is explored for antibiotic‐free antibacterial treatment. However, the low yield and insufficient diffusion of ROS negatively affect the antibacterial efficacy of sonodynamic treatment, thus hindering its further development. Here an actuator‐integrated mechanism is proposed for enhancing the sonodynamic efficacy of loaded sonosensitizers through motion‐induced hydrodynamic effects, demonstrated by a porphyrin‐decorated gold nanomotor, which can produce ROS for bacterial inactivation while performing multimodal motion via actuation using low‐frequency ultrasound. Corroborated by numerical simulation, the experimental results show that the motor's stirring motion significantly increases the yield and diffusion of ROS through fluid flow and frequent interactions between the motor and bacterial targets, resulting in doubled antibacterial efficiency in comparison to a stationary motor. Furthermore, the flow‐induced shear forces combined with the frequent interactions constitute a source of mechanical damage and can form a synergy with the antibacterial properties of ROS, enabling an efficient biofilm eradication that is inaccessible by freely suspended porphyrin. In conclusion, this study reports a motion‐based strategy to enhance sonodynamic efficacy and provides proof of concept using a sonodynamic gold nanomotor powered by ultrasound.
Micro‐/Nanohierarchical Structures Physically Engineered on Surfaces: Analysis and Perspective
Authors: Ahn Junseong , Han Hyeonseok , Ha Ji‐Hwan , Jeong Yongrok , Jung Young , Choi Jungrak , Cho Seokjoo , Jeon Sohee , Jeong Jun‐Ho , Park Inkyu
Published: April 2023

The high demand for micro‐/nanohierarchical structures as components of functional substrates, bioinspired devices, energy‐related electronics, and chemical/physical transducers has inspired their in‐depth studies and active development of the related fabrication techniques. In particular, significant progress has been achieved in hierarchical structures physically engineered on surfaces, which offer the advantages of wide‐range material compatibility, design diversity, and mechanical stability, and numerous unique structures with important niche applications have been developed. This review categorizes the basic components of hierarchical structures physically engineered on surfaces according to function/shape and comprehensively summarizes the related advances, focusing on the fabrication strategies, ways of combining basic components, potential applications, and future research directions. Moreover, the physicochemical properties of hierarchical structures physically engineered on surfaces are compared based on the function of their basic components, which may help to avoid the bottlenecks of conventional single‐scale functional substrates. Thus, the present work is expected to provide a useful reference for scientists working on multicomponent functional substrates and inspire further research in this field.
LSM14B is an Oocyte‐Specific RNA‐Binding Protein Indispensable for Maternal mRNA Metabolism and Oocyte Development in Mice
Authors: Li Hui , Zhao Hailian , Yang Chunhui , Su Ruibao , Long Min , Liu Jinliang , Shi Lanying , Xue Yuanchao , Su You‐Qiang
Published: April 2023

Mammalian oogenesis features reliance on the mRNAs produced and stored during early growth phase. These are essential for producing an oocyte competent to undergo meiotic maturation and embryogenesis later when oocytes are transcriptionally silent. The fate of maternal mRNAs hence ensures the success of oogenesis and the quality of the resulting eggs. Nevertheless, how the fate of maternal mRNAs is determined remains largely elusive. RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) are crucial regulators of oogenesis, yet the identity of the full complement of RBPs expressed in oocytes is unknown. Here, a global view of oocyte‐expressed RBPs is presented: mRNA‐interactome capture identifies 1396 RBPs in mouse oocytes. An analysis of one of these RBPs, LSM family member 14 (LSM14B), demonstrates that this RBP is specific to oocytes and associated with many networks essential for oogenesis. Deletion of Lsm14b results in female‐specific infertility and a phenotype characterized by oocytes incompetent to complete meiosis and early embryogenesis. LSM14B serves as an interaction hub for proteins and mRNAs throughout oocyte development and regulates translation of a subset of its bound mRNAs. Therefore, RNP complexes tethered by LSM14B are found exclusively in oocytes and are essential for the control of maternal mRNA fate and oocyte development.
Mechanically Adaptative and Environmentally Stable Ionogels for Energy Harvest
Authors: Zhao Wei , Lei Zhouyue , Wu Peiyi
Published: April 2023

Converting building and environment heat into electricity is a promising strategy for energy harvest to tackle global energy and environmental problems. The processing challenges, mechanical brittleness, and low environmental tolerance of typical thermoelectric materials, however, prevent them from realizing their full potential when employed in outdoor building systems. Herein, a general concept based on synergistic ionic associations to significantly improve the mechanical properties and harsh environment stability for high‐performance ionic‐type thermoelectric (i‐TE) gels is explored. They demonstrate extraordinarily high stretchability (1300–2100%), fast self‐healing (120 s), temperature insensitivity, and great water‐proof performance, and could be painted on a variety of surfaces. The n‐type ionic Seebeck coefficient is up to −8.8 mV K−1 and the ionic conductivity is more than 0.14 mS cm−1. Both exhibit remarkable thermal and humidity stability (293–333 K, 20–100 RH%), which are rarely achieved in previous studies. Even on a cloudy day, the open‐circuit thermovoltage for a painted i‐TE array with an area of about 8.5 × 10−3 m2 is above 2 V. This research offers a promising approach for gathering significant waste heat and even solar energy on outside building surfaces in an effective and sustainable manner.
Transrectal Absorber Guide Raster‐Scanning Optoacoustic Mesoscopy for Label‐Free In Vivo Assessment of Colitis
Authors: Buehler Adrian , Brown Emma , Paulus Lars‐Philip , Eckstein Markus , Thoma Oana‐Maria , Oraiopoulou Mariam‐Eleni , Rother Ulrich , Hoerning André , Hartmann Arndt , Neurath Markus F. , Woelfle Joachim , Friedrich Oliver , Waldner Maximilian J. , Knieling Ferdinand , Bohndiek Sarah E. , Regensburger Adrian P.
Published: April 2023

Optoacoustic imaging (OAI) enables microscale imaging of endogenous chromophores such as hemoglobin at significantly higher penetration depths compared to other optical imaging technologies. Raster‐scanning optoacoustic mesoscopy (RSOM) has recently been shown to identify superficial microvascular changes associated with human skin pathologies. In animal models, the imaging depth afforded by RSOM can enable entirely new capabilities for noninvasive imaging of vascular structures in the gastrointestinal tract, but exact localization of intra‐abdominal organs is still elusive. Herein the development and application of a novel transrectal absorber guide for RSOM (TAG‐RSOM) is presented to enable accurate transabdominal localization and assessment of colonic vascular networks in vivo. The potential of TAG‐RSOM is demonstrated through application during mild and severe acute colitis in mice. TAG‐RSOM enables visualization of transmural vascular networks, with changes in colon wall thickness, blood volume, and OAI signal intensities corresponding to colitis‐associated inflammatory changes. These findings suggest TAG‐RSOM can provide a novel monitoring tool in preclinical IBD models, refining animal procedures and underlines the capabilities of such technologies to address inflammatory bowel diseases in humans.
Pearl‐Structure‐Enhanced NASICON Cathode toward Ultrastable Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhao Xin‐Xin , Fu Wangqin , Zhang Hong‐Xia , Guo Jin‐Zhi , Gu Zhen‐Yi , Wang Xiao‐Tong , Yang Jia‐Lin , Lü Hong‐Yan , Wu Xing‐Long , Ang Edison Huixiang
Published: April 2023

Based on the favorable ionic conductivity and structural stability, sodium superionic conductor (NASICON) materials especially utilizing multivalent redox reaction of vanadium are one of the most promising cathodes in sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). To further boost their application in large‐scale energy storage production, a rational strategy is to tailor vanadium with earth‐abundant and cheap elements (such as Fe, Mn), reducing the cost and toxicity of vanadium‐based NASICON materials. Here, the Na3.05V1.03Fe0.97(PO4)3 (NVFP) is synthesized with highly conductive Ketjen Black (KB) by ball‐milling assisted sol‐gel method. The pearl‐like KB branch chains encircle the NVFP (p‐NVFP), the segregated particles possess promoted overall conductivity, balanced charge, and modulated crystal structure during electrochemical progress. The p‐NVFP obtains significantly enhanced ion diffusion ability and low volume change (2.99%). Meanwhile, it delivers a durable cycling performance (87.7% capacity retention over 5000 cycles at 5 C) in half cells. Surprisingly, the full cells of p‐NVFP reveal a remarkable capability of 84.9 mAh g−1 at 20 C with good cycling performance (capacity decay rate is 0.016% per cycle at 2 C). The structure modulation of the p‐NVFP provides a rational design on the superiority of others to be put into practice.