bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Démocratie et risque de conflits internes : une nouvelle perspective empirique
Authors: Yabré Tobignaré , Semedo Gervasio
Published: May 2022

Cet article adopte une approche d’équations simultanées pour analyser la relation entre démocratie et risque de conflits internes. En effet, il intègre une relation souvent avancée mais peu explorée dans la littérature d’une causalité inverse du risque de conflits sur la démocratie. Les résultats obtenus sur un panel de 108 pays montrent que les régimes fortement démocratiques ou autocratiques ont un faible risque de conflits internes par rapport aux régimes moyennement démocratiques, pour lesquels le risque est plus élevé. Plus encore, l’étude montre que le risque de conflits internes ne favorise pas le renforcement de la démocratie. En particulier, les institutions politiques dans les régimes partiellement démocratiques sont généralement incapables d’adoucir les contradictions sociales en générant parfois des conflits qui, à leur tour, nuisent aux efforts de consolidation démocratiques. Ainsi, les mesures visant à renforcer les règles démocratiques réduiront le risque de conflits internes. Toutefois, des facteurs économiques comme l’accroissement du revenu par tête, l’inflation et des facteurs sociaux ou géographiques, affectent le risque de conflits internes.
L’anthropomorphisme, enjeu de performance pour les chatbots
Authors: Curiale Thierry , Acquatella François , Gros Laetitia , Cosquer Mathilde , Tisseron Serge
Published: May 2022

Dans cet article, nous nous intéressons aux déterminants psychiques, d’ordre projectif, qui sont à l’œuvre dans l’interaction entre l’humain et les agents conversationnels dits chatbots. Nous nous situons à l’intersection de la psychologie appliquée aux rapports des humains aux machines (cyberpsychologie) et des technologies persuasives (captologie). Ces deux disciplines présentent des approches complémentaires des chatbots. Il s’agit, pour l’une, de déterminer en quoi les usages de ces artefacts peuvent affecter l’esprit humain et, pour l’autre, d’identifier les conditions interactives permettant d’influencer les attitudes et les comportements des humains. Ainsi nous nous demandons sur quels mécanismes projectifs la captologie peut s’appuyer pour être plus performante. Une enquête quantitative d’envergure (n = 1019) est effectuée à partir d’une sélection de quatre types de chatbot. Une majorité de répondants projettent des contenus de nature anthropomorphe dans le chatbot qu’ils ont choisi. Cet anthropomorphisme rend possible un attachement à la machine facilitant les mécanismes de persuasion et d’influence comportementale. Mais une majorité de répondants n’identifient pas le chatbot aux projections anthropomorphes dont il fait l’objet et nous en faisons une interprétation psychanalytique originale. Celle-ci permet de relativiser le pouvoir de persuasion affiché de la captologie et, paradoxalement, de faire de l’éthique le vecteur d’une performance accrue. Des recommandations aident les professionnels du marketing conversationnel et de la captologie à améliorer la perception et l’acceptabilité des chatbots.
Like father, like son: Occupational choice, intergenerational persistence and misallocation
Authors: Lo Bello Salvatore , Morchio Iacopo
Published: May 2022

We develop a dynamic quantitative model of occupational choice and search frictions with multiple channels of intergenerational transmission (comparative advantage, social contacts, and preferences), and use it to decompose the occupational persistence observed in the UK. In the model, workers who choose their father's occupation find jobs faster and earn lower wages, which is consistent with patterns found in UK data. Quantitatively, parental networks account for 79% of total persistence. Shutting down parental networks or the transmission of preferences improves the allocation of workers, and thus yields welfare gains, while removing the transmission of comparative advantage generates welfare losses.
Centering on Structural and Individual Employment Barriers for Human–Social Development
Authors: Hong Philip Young , Gumz Edward , Choi Sangmi , Crawley Brenda , Ah Cho Jeong
Published: May 2022

This paper examines structural and individual employment barriers as forms of social exclusion resulting from the US social policy’s labor-market dependency and its heavy reliance on individual agency and the market forces to address poverty and inequality. Using large-scale community-based survey data, the study finds evidence of perceived employment barriers—at both structural and individual levels—affecting employment and economic self-sufficiency outcomes. A latent profile analysis identified three subpopulations with one representing an intersectional overlap of both structural and individual barriers. We suggest rebuilding of the social contract by centering on structural and individual barriers toward social and human development—freedom, justice, diversity, equity, and inclusion.
Global Airline THY's Advertising and Corporate Communication Activities on YouTube During COVID-19 and After
Authors: Erol Ebru Gülbuğ , Gülsün Mustafa
Published: May 2022

During the COVID-19 pandemic, which has been going on since March 2020, advertising and corporate communication activities had to aim to influence the masses with more effective and creative methods than before. In this process, advertising not only introduces the features of the product or service, but also aims to increase the purchase and consumption of the product by finding the common point of the product and the consumer and has made an effort to persuade the consumer to buy by ascribing a cognitive meaning to the product or service. When considered in terms of civil aviation, advertising is both a promotional tool and a source of income that ensures the survival of the business. Civil aviation organizations make their advertisements on a corporate basis by using advertising channels such as newspapers, magazines, and television. From this point of view, advertising is considered one of the important components of the marketing mix.
Aviation Safety and Risk Management During COVID-19
Authors: Erceylan Nusret , Atilla Gaye
Published: May 2022

Ensuring flight safety has always been the primary task of the air transport sector. Aviation safety management includes formal methods for identifying hazards, risk mitigation, and promotion of a positive safety culture in aviation organizations, and this approach made the air travel the safest mode of transportation. In the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, additional and radical measures had to be taken to recover airline companies from the impacts of pandemic and protect the successful safety records. This chapter provides a framework for aviation risk management, safety management systems, current effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on aviation safety, and the strategies implemented by International Civil Aviation Organization.
The Effects of COVID-19 on Human Resource Management in Aviation Companies
Authors: Alkan Ali Davut
Published: May 2022

Within the scope of the study, general information about the world aviation sector and specific information about the European aviation sector are given. The position and predictions of the aviation industry before and after COVID-19 were shared. Human resources management practices that continue to be implemented in the aviation industry and human resources management practices that are expected to be implemented after COVID-19 are mentioned. In this context, general information is given about the areas that are expected to affect the need for human resources in the use of digitalization and electronic devices. It has been evaluated that the use of existing human resources, both within the scope of digitalization and in line with the expectations after COVID-19, will both preserve the current position of the human resource and contribute to the efficiency of the aviation industry.
Critical Thinking Through Game Prototyping
Authors: Vieth Sabrina , Lewis Miranda
Published: May 2022

The authors developed a game prototyping approach that allows learners to collectively conceptualize, create, and test a game prototype by completing a series of formative problem-solving tasks alongside a designated Sprint process. It is positioned at the intersection of design thinking and gamification, building on their mutual focus on constructivism and problem-based learning. With the help of focus group data, this chapter investigates how game prototyping enhances critical thinking in learners. Findings suggest that game prototyping can contribute to the development of critical thinking skills such as social skills, reflection, and entrepreneurial thinking through the application of structured teamwork, milestone planning, and bricolage. The gradual development of these skills ultimately leads to confidence building, which can trigger changes in critical thinking dispositions that turn learners into confident decision-makers and problem solvers. The authors also aim to make recommendations for the adaptation of game prototyping beyond the context of this chapter.
Digital Assessment Practices in Indian Higher Education
Authors: Prakasha G. S. , Lhawang Tenzin
Published: May 2022

Digital assessment practices in higher education gained importance in the 21st century due to upsurge in the technological integration in the field of education. Its application further increased in face of COVID-19. The present study aims to narrate the digital assessment practices prevailing in the Indian higher education system and suggests the way forward. The study employs qualitative research with a narrative analysis of the semi-structured interview of 10 teachers teaching in universities. The study employed a convenient snowball sampling technique to select the interview participants. The results of the study revealed four themes and 12 sub themes indicating the perception of university teachers on digital assessment, prevailing digital assessment practices, and a way forward to the future applications. The study is limited to qualitative analysis. Future research may focus on strategies and technologies to enhance its use with an optimum secured online environment.
The Economic Anomie and Crime in Turkey
Authors: Abanoz Ismet Nezih
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study is to investigate the anomic situation and crime in Turkey. For this, it has been tested whether there is a correlation between crimes and poverty, gini coefficients, and crude divorce rates. According to the results found by the panel data analysis method, there has been a linear correlation between the crime rates and variables such as crude divorce rate, gini coefficient, and poverty in Turkey between 2008-2019. In the study, when there is a one-unit increase in the crude divorce rate, the average number of crimes per thousand people increases by 0.68.
The Anatomy of Phishing Attacks and the Detection and Prevention of Fake Domain Names
Authors: Şen Erkan , Tuna Gurkan
Published: May 2022

Internet technology and its infrastructure are getting more and more into our lives. In parallel with this, there is an increase in the number of phishing attacks that rely on fake/deceptive domain names. Web-based phishing attacks aim at obtaining users' (individual/corporate) personal and/or financial information by using fake domain names. Within the scope of this chapter, firstly, phishing attacks are explained. How they are prepared and implemented is examined. Then, the steps to be taken to detect fake domain names to which users are directed are examined.
Blue Economy and Foreign Direct Investment to Maritime Nations
Authors: Amodu Taoreed Alaba
Published: May 2022

For policy enrichment, this chapter discusses the opportunities available to maritime nations in the blue economy and explicates the roles of policymakers in achieving an improved economy by encouraging and attracting foreign investors and grants, which is a catalyst to achieving a blue economy. First, the author argues that the transition to the blue economy has encouraged maritime nations to look inward and diversify their economies by harnessing ocean resources and other economic potentials. Second, the proximity to the seas and oceans has made maritime nations realize the possibility of converting ocean resources to boost their national GDPs. However, this opportunity comes with enormous responsibilities. Third, policymakers must ensure proper conservation and management measures so that living creatures in the exclusive economic zones (EEZ) are not endangered. Finally, maritime nations need to exercise their jurisdiction for the protection and preservation of the marine environment.
Women's Blue Entrepreneurship Economic Empowerment Strategy
Authors: Raheem Shefiu
Published: May 2022

There is a growing attestation from development scholars and policymakers across the globe that blue entrepreneurship is a powerful tool for furthering economic empowerment, poverty alleviation, employment creation, sustainable development, among others. To enrich the discourse of blue entrepreneurship beyond conjecture, this chapter discusses the phenomenon of women blue entrepreneurship as a novel economic empowerment strategy in the developing context. It explicates that abundant oceanic resources in coastal countries have for long been used sustainably by women entrepreneurs for augmenting Earth's future prosperity, promoting welfare enhancement and tackling growing gender inequalities. Overall, the chapter outlines the contributions of women in onshore fisheries, aquaculture, processing of marine products, managing plastic on the sea through waste recycling, eco-tourism, conservation, and disaster-risk reduction initiatives in marine and coastal areas.
Conceptualization of an Air-Extraction System to Mitigate COVID-19 Transmissions Inside Public Transportation Buses
Authors: Estrada Omar Eduardo Sánchez
Published: May 2022

Data collected by the United Nations (UN) suggest that infections arise after a close contact with infected people through nasal and oral secretions released when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. In public transportation buses, an important amount of people gather every day for long periods of time, making the air pollution inside these transportation systems a major risk for transmission. Therefore, the objective of this chapter is to know criteria and strategies for a conceptualization of an air-extraction system inside public transportation buses, based on the detailed study applicability of the 1) product-user interaction (technical data, dimensional relationship, and evaluation); 2) creative process, ideation, definition, evaluation, and structuration; and 3) sustainability, technical specifications, ergonomics, and production by means of understanding the design's limits and effects.
Landscape and Water Networks
Authors: Cantarero-García Guadalupe
Published: May 2022

Historically, water has played an essential role in choosing the location and settlement of a habitat and, consequently, in the configuration of the landscape, building, and urban context. The quality of the inhabitants' hygiene and health depends on water and sewage treatment. Water supply and sanitation are crucial to achieving end-user quality and enjoyment of the home and the city. This case study focuses on the city of Madrid, intrinsically related to water from its origin and name. Therefore, the “mayra” abounds in Madrid and is the “mother of water.” The latter refers to Madrid's location surrounding a large fountain that produced a stream that flowed into the Manzanares River. It recovers photographs of the landscape found in unpublished historical and military archives with the intention of showing certain excavations that affected the El Pardo Woodlands, such as Janini's artesian wells and other missing projects in the Manzanares River Basin.
Geochemical and Mineralogical Studies of Gneiss-Charnockite Rocks of Schirmacher Region, East Antarctica
Authors: Rao D. Rameshwar
Published: May 2022

The studies of multifaceted problems of gneiss-charnockite rocks in the Schirmacher region of East Antarctica suggest a retrograde clockwise isobaric cooling P-T history of the terrain involving an early granulite phase, a late granulite phase, and a retrograde amphibolite phase metamorphism in the region. Also, a good correlation between fluid and mineral data is observed. The high-density CO2 fluids fall well within the P-T box estimated by mineral thermobarometers, envisaging a pervasive influx of deep-seated CO2 rich fluid from the mantle resulting in the formation of the granulites, followed by decrease CO2 density fluids along with progressive influx of hydrous fluids leading to the generation of retrograde amphibolite facies rocks. The geochemical studies helped trace two-phase evolution of the region (basic magmatism around ~1200 Ma) involving a depleted mantle source implying an accretion of the juvenile crust during the late Mesoproterozoic period and major felsic magmatism around ~880 Ma involving partial melting of mafic-intermediate crust.
India's GeoScience Pursuit in the Antarctica
Authors: Khare Neloy
Published: May 2022

India made her maiden entry in the Antarctic realm way back in 1981 by launching her first scientific expedition to the icy continent. Previous chapters dealt with many significant geoscientific studies of the past Indian scientific expeditions to Antarctica. However, few geoscientists participated for a short duration but carried out essential Antarctic studies. This chapter highlights and briefly collates such short geoscientific investigations that are otherwise significant and add to the knowledge base about the icy continent.
Health Promotion and Wellness in Aging
Authors: Faria Maria Cristina Campos de Sousa
Published: May 2022

The older population is growing and living longer than ever. That is why we must create more and more services suitable for this age group, so that it can grow old with quality of life. In order to better understand their needs and the type of intervention which can be implemented in the community to protect the health and wellbeing in this age group, from the age of 65, the authors have sought to identify and understand the synergies they can establish between health promotion and wellness in aging. To take this task forward, they focused their attention on five axes: principles of health promotion, social representations of aging, the focus on gender in the analysis of aging and health, empowering and wellbeing of older adults, and healthy aging in place. In this work they start from a bio-psycho-social-environmental view of aging and present the contributions of the psychological view for promoting health in aging. At the end, a reflexive synthesis will be carried out on the topics covered and suggestions will be presented to improve the health and wellbeing of aging in place.
Promoting Successful Positive Aging Across the Health Continuum
Authors: Kaushik Pratima
Published: May 2022

The increase of human lifespans and the aging has brought increased attention to what factors contribute to aging healthy. People are not only interested in longevity but how to remain in the best health in their later years. Therefore, the aim of this chapter is to (a) understand the concept of positive aging (b) identifying the factors contributing to successful positive aging across health continuum (c) review strategies that promotes management healthy aging in elderly, and (d) identify future directions to promote successful population health management programs/interventions. The holistic approach, therefore provide an opportunity to improve the situation of older people in society.
Rehabilitation Nursing Program for Elderly Functional Independence
Authors: Ferreira Rogério Ferrinho , Ribeiro Luís Amador , Fonseca César João
Published: May 2022

To identify the gains in elderly functional independence through the implementation of the rehabilitation nursing program, a pilot study involving the quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional case study methodology was applied to an accidental sample of elderly people, with only two persons having completed the previously defined intervention program. The Rikli and Jones functional fitness test for older adults exercises, such as a rehabilitation nursing exercise program and the Barthel scale, were used to measure the functional independence of the elderly in the performance of activities of daily living. From the implementation of the rehabilitation nursing program to the elderly who concluded it in its entirety, the results show global gains in the functional aptitude program and an improvement in functional independence with gains in most activities of daily living. An improvement in the functional independence of elderly people who participated in the rehabilitation nursing program involving the functional fitness exercises of Rikli and Jones was verified.
Community-Led Ecosystem
Authors: Bobrowicz-Campos Elzbieta , Couto Filipa Costa , Teixeira-Santos Luísa , Apóstolo João
Published: May 2022

In this chapter, the triangulation analysis of connections between older adults, relevant stakeholders, and community will be made in order to acknowledge the challenges resulting from demographic changes, identify the gaps in current health and social policy in the field of geriatric care, and outline the pathways for joint actions to achieve successful aging. This analysis will also consider health and health equity drivers, highlighting the relevance of the community-led ecosystem in the spreading and scaling up of the person-centered and integrated healthcare model. By focusing on frailty and frailty-related consequences, this chapter will reflect on the need for implementing joint actions that promote health throughout the lifecycle and that empower citizens for informed decision making. It will also discuss the role of modern societies in creating innovative solutions for successful aging.
Social-Architectural Design of Community-Based Embedded Comprehensive Elderly Centers in China
Authors: Ma Yuanhong , Zou Guangtian , Siu Kin Wai Michael , Wong Yi Lin
Published: May 2022

The community-based embedded comprehensive elderly center (CECEC) was proposed in 2015 to address ageing population issues in China in existing communities. However, there is as yet no satisfactory solution for how to design the CECEC to properly integrate resources and create social inclusion. Synthesizing the social design and architectural design literature, this study proposes a CECEC architectural design that incorporates the approach, content, and design steps of social design. This study argues that social-architectural CECEC design goes beyond traditional architectural design. It is not limited to the construction of material space; it also focuses on the participation of different stakeholders. Considering the needs of the people and the potential of existing communities, the proposed social-architectural CECEC design process involves architectural-social problem definition, project establishment, architectural programming, design ordering, strategy confirmation, and architectural design.
Comprehensive Ontological Model for Senior Wellness Activity Recognition in Smart Homes
Authors: Khallouki Hajar , Benlamri Rachid , Yassine Abdulsalalm
Published: May 2022

There are several works in the field of smart homes for healthcare, with different types of sensors used to monitor medical, behavioral and environmental parameters for patients. In the context of smart home for the elderly, the use of sensors needs to be adapted to respect the privacy of elders and to work passively without the need for caregiver assistance. Most research in this area focused on activity recognition (e.g. eating, sleeping, watching TV, etc.) which may be defined as the identification of a sequence of actions (e.g. using microwave, lying down, etc.). In this chapter, we propose a comprehensive ontological model for well-being activity recognition in smart home. Our approach takes into account different aspects of the well-being context such as patient profile, object being used to perform the activity, the time of running the activity, its location, etc. In order to validate the proposed ontology and reason on it, we perform a set of queries and inference rules.
Investigating the Educational Needs of Elderly People Within the Scope of an Educational Program on the Use of Social Media Networks by Smartphones
Authors: Kanakaris Venetis , Korres Maria Pavlis
Published: May 2022

Social media networks are becoming increasingly popular as a means for social interaction. A number of studies have found that elderly people have a difficulty in using social media platforms while exist a number of barriers that discourage them from using technology. This chapter investigates the educational needs of older people, who are members of two elderly care centers in Northern Greece, intending to attend an educational program on using smartphones as a communication tool to join social media networks. Research findings indicate that elderly women are more willing to attend an educational program than men and key areas of their interest include access to the internet (e.g., online payments), how to create and use an e-mail account, and how to join social media networks in order to feel less isolated by communicating with other individuals or groups with the same interests.
Ageing
Authors: Tannous Wadad Kathy , Quilty Kathleen
Published: May 2022

In 2019, the number of people in the world aged over 65 was 703 million. By 2050, this number is projected to be 1.5 billion. However, it is not only the number of older persons but the proportion that is changing. Italy was the first country to experience a demographic milestone known as the ‘Historic Reversal', reporting in 1995 that the population of people aged 65 years and older outnumbered children under the age of 15 for the first time ever. By 2050, this number is expected to reach 90 countries. This social ‘megatrend' collides with another shifting paradigm: technological advancement, accelerating every year at an extraordinary pace. While this trend of continuous technological evolution is not developing uniformly around the world, the scope of potential support that new and emergent technologies can bring to older adults is enormous. This chapter explores key areas of consideration to ensure that the promise of the digital future is realised for older people and that it is an enabling force, rather than a barrier to enjoying a longer, more supported later life.
Major Metrics, Concerns, and Assessment Strategy for Mobility Assistive Devices
Authors: Koumpouros Yiannis
Published: May 2022

The ageing of the population is one of the major societal and financial problems. The prevalence of disability increases dramatically by age. The loss of mobility can be devastating to the elderly. Mobility aids are a one-way street to maintain independent mobility. The performance of daily activities is restrained by a series of factors related to the assistive device limitations, or the ones emerged from environmental causes. A literature review reveals minimal tools for assessing mobility assistive devices able to capture users' satisfaction. The chapter presents an assessment methodology in order to investigate assistive mobility devices' limitations, dissatisfaction reasons, and identifies the most appropriate tools to study such limitations and conclude in valid outcomes. One of the valuable characteristics of the study presented in its generalizability since it is not disease oriented. A summary of the results from both the literature review and the real case study on a mixed group of end users are presented in the chapter.
Fall Prevention and Management App Prototype for the Elderly and Their Caregivers
Authors: Imoukhome Eseohen , Weeks Lori E. , Abidi Samina
Published: May 2022

The objective of this article is to develop a validated mobile app prototype to empower the elderly and caregivers to manage falls that provides personalized and actionable educational materials at the point of care and improves the engagement of the elderly and caregiver in adopting validated fall management practices; To determine the usefulness and suitability of a fall management mobile app to the elderly and caregivers. The method used is a knowledge management approach is used to implement the app based on 2 validated models: Patient Health Engagement Model and Rockwood frailty index. A mixed method evaluation including a cognitive walk through is used to collect end-user feedback from the elderly and caregivers, on the usability, usefulness, and suitability of the app. The app was deemed easy to use, informative and understandable. Potential improvement areas include: larger print; less wordy interfaces; better navigation features; data sharing functionalities; and voice readers. These suggestions will be incorporated in the future. The conclusion of this article is that smartphones have vast potential in providing relevant and creditable fall management information to elderly and caregivers.
Remote Monitoring and Recognition of Physical Activities of Elderly People Using Smartphone Accelerometer Sensor Data Using Deep Learning Models
Authors: Gupta Govind P. , Gaur Shubham
Published: May 2022

Remote monitoring and recognition of physical activities of elderly people within smart homes and detection of the deviations in their daily activities from previous behavior is one of the fundamental research challenges for the development of ambient assisted living system. This system is also very helpful in monitoring the health of a swiftly aging population in the developed countries. In this chapter, a framework is proposed for remote monitoring and recognition of physical activities of elderly people using smart phone accelerometer sensor data using deep learning models. The main objective of the proposed framework is to provide preventive measures for the emergency health issues such as cardiac arrest, sudden falls, dementia, or arthritis. For the performance evaluation of the proposed framework, two different benchmark accelerometer sensor datasets, UCI and WISDM, are used. Results analysis confirms the performance of the proposed scheme in terms of accuracy, F1-score, root-mean square error (RMSE).
Critical Factors Influencing the Intention to Adopt m-Government Services by the Elderly
Authors: Talukder Md. Shamim , Chiong Raymond , Corbitt Brian , Bao Yukun
Published: May 2022

While the elderly population is growing rapidly, acceptance and use of m-government services by them are far below expectation. Previous studies on acceptance and use of m-government services have predominantly focused on younger citizens with skills and experience of information technologies. Drawing upon the dual factor model, this study investigates the enablers and inhibitors of the elderly's m-government service adoption behavior. Four constructs from the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT), namely, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, social influence; and self-actualization are treated as enablers, while user resistance to change, technology anxiety, and declining physiological conditions are regarded as inhibitors. Results show that adoption of m-government by the elderly is significantly influenced by all tested enablers and inhibitors, except for social influence. This study contributes by providing an integrative model of technology acceptance for the elderly along with practical implications for policy makers.
Big Data, Machine Learning, and Health Knowledge Discovery in the Elderly in China
Authors: Ding Bin , Gu Dongxiao , Jiang Zheng
Published: May 2022

According to the national strategic plan for healthy aging and the construction of the pension system in China, it is expected that by 2020 the population of elderly aged 60 and above will reach 255 million, accounting for about 17.8% of the total population. Currently, population aging is a serious social problem in China, and thus, health status of the elderly becomes increasingly critical. The present research uses machine learning to identify factors influencing elderly's health status and life satisfaction with data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. The results show that some common factors are important for both self-rated health status and life satisfaction for elderly, namely positive and optimistic attitudes, a healthy diet, and economic status. Health status and life satisfaction also have their unique predicting factors, such as mobility ability for health status and living conditions for life satisfaction. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Effects of Spaceflight, Aging, and Bedrest on Falls
Authors: Goswami Nandu
Published: May 2022

With the increasing proportion of older persons globally, healthcare issues are becoming more complex. Older persons often spend substantial time confined to bed, which leads to physiological deconditioning and increased risk of falls. Fall-related injuries lead to higher hospitalization costs and worsening of the quality of life of older persons. Thus, monitoring of falls and reducing the risk of falls is an increasingly important element of geriatric care. Examined in this chapter will be aspects related to falls induced by immobilization (bedrest confinement). Interestingly, spaceflight-induced physiological deconditioning predisposes astronauts to higher risk of orthostatic intolerance and, consequently, falls. Since bedrest confinement is an established model for studying the deconditioning effects of spaceflight, knowledge drawn from bedrest studies can provide insights into the underlying mechanisms leading to falls in astronauts and in bed confined patients and in particular in bed-confined older persons who are typically dealing with the deconditioning effects of aging.
Elderly Grandparents as Caregivers of Children Affected or Infected by HIV and AIDS in Namibia
Authors: Kalomo Eveline N. , Taukeni Simon George
Published: May 2022

Kinship care is one of the most prevalent forms of placement that is used for children affected and/or infected by HIV and AIDS in Namibia. However, the literature lacks a systematic theory-informed understanding with respect to what is currently known about caregivers generally and specifically, elderly caregivers of orphans, and vulnerable children (OVC) in sub-Saharan Africa. This foundational chapter attempts to provide readers with content to assist in their understanding of the characteristics, role, and experiences of kinship elderly caregivers of children affected and/or infected by HIV and AIDS. In addition, the chapter highlights what is known about children living with HIV in Namibia. Finally, the chapter offers suggestions for policy and practice.
Loneliness Among Rural Elderly
Authors: Jiménez Borja Rivero , Perales Nuria María García , Caballero David Conde , González Beatriz Muñoz , García Julián F. Calderón , Juarez Lorenzo Mariano
Published: May 2022

Population aging is a great challenge for modern societies at the future and is a central issue in the development of public policies. In Spain, in rural regions, the demographic problem of aging must be added to the problem of migration. In this context, a direct consequence of the union of aging and depopulation appears: loneliness of the elderly rural populations. Several studies indicate that loneliness has a significant association with increased use of medical services. These medical analyses need to be complemented with conceptualizations that integrate them into broader views that analyze structural causes and consequences. This text reviews the types of measurement scales proposed by the academy and lists some of the campaigns carried out by the administrations. The authors will attempt to take a critical approach, analyzing how individualized and medicalized visions of loneliness have been led.
Examining the Variables Affecting the Social Networks of the Elderly
Authors: Demir Erbil Didem , Hazer Oya
Published: May 2022

This study was carried out to examine the variables affecting the social networks of the elderly. A simple random sampling method was used as a data collection method in the research. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews. The participants of the study are 500 individuals aged 60 and over from members of the Ankara branch of the Turkish Pensioners Association. According to the results of the study, there is a considerable negative correlation between social network and depression (r=-0.40, p <0.001) and loneliness (r=-0.49, p <0.001). Also, social loneliness and depression is the stronger negative predictor of the social network. Moreover, there is a considerable positive correlation between social network and perceived available support (r=-0.52, p <0.001). In addition, there is a moderate positive correlation between social network and successful aging behavior (r=-0.30, p <0.001) and life satisfaction (r=-0.35, p <0.001).
The Social Effects of Climate Change on the Health Outcomes of Vulnerable Older Adult Populations in the Global Community
Authors: Kaplan Mitchell Alan
Published: May 2022

As life expectancy rates continue to increase and fertility rates continue to decline globally in the 21st century, the demographics of aging populations are undergoing an unprecedented change that will have significant consequences for the health outcomes of older adults-at-risk. According to demographic data in a joint report authored by five federal agencies, 8.5% of the world's population is currently age 65 and older, a figure projected to double by 2050. This chapter presents an analysis of the impact of climate change on the health outcomes of aging populations worldwide. It examines how the collaborative efforts of the federal government and the public health system can be utilized to create policies and programs that can prepare aging communities to deal effectively with the health consequences of our changing environment.
Quality of Life and Aging of Women
Authors: Ghosh Soma
Published: May 2022

Aging is the process of becoming older. It represents the accumulation of changes in a human being over time, encompassing physical, psychological, and social changes. Both men and women experience some sexual changes with age, but they experience aging differently. For women, it's commonly known as menopause, starting around in the age of 50. For men, aging is more gradual, with testosterone levels declining slowly over time. Unlike menopause, which brings fertility to an end, men can still reproduce and create sperm well into old age. The effects of aging on social relations, existence, and identity are more alarming and often dreadful. Despite the influence of the aging process on women's lives, very few feminist insights analyzed the interconnectedness of gender and aging. Hence, the impact of aging on gender inequalities requires more serious discussions and analysis. Only through these efforts can new visions of the plight and contributions of older women grow and policies be developed to remedy the problems.
Religiosity and Attitude in the Face of Death in Brazilian Elderly
Authors: Freitas Marta Helena , Fukuda Claudia Cristina , Alves Vicente Paulo , Gomes Lucy de Oliveira
Published: May 2022

This chapter investigated possible links between religious motivations, attitudes, and coping in the face of death in Brazil. The participants included 478 people aged between 41 and 100 years, most of them women (77.82%). It employed the religious orientation scale (31 items), religious coping scale (33 items), and scale of attitudes in the face of death (46 items). Data were analyzed by means Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (Pearson), analysis of variance (ANOVA), exploratory factor analysis and internal consistency analysis (Cronbach's alpha). The overall survey results are presented in two large blocks. The first describes the correlations between the factors of religious coping, religious orientation, and attitudes in the face of death. The second presents the relationship between elderly's socio-biographical characteristics (age, income, education, gender, religion, and marital status), guidance and religious coping factors, and attitudes in the face of death. Finally, the authors discuss the results and their implications for the elderly.
Precaution or Stigma?
Authors: Kılıç Nilüfer Pınar
Published: May 2022

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has led to an increase in stigmatizing and discriminatory discourses against older individuals in the community. Explaining that older adults are the highest risk group, labeling individuals based on chronological age instead of personal characteristics, restrictive measures taken, and the way these measures are framed and presented in mass media resources for these individuals reinforced negative stereotypes such as “illness,” “mental decline,” “uselessness,” “isolation,” and “poverty.” In this chapter, news media, as one of the sources leading to the circulation of negative messages about individuals of older age, is reviewed; stigmatizing and discriminatory statements and applications upon the appearance of older adults in Turkey in the national press (Sozcu, Hurriyet, and Sabah newspapers) are discussed, and solution have been made.
Frailty in the Elderly and Interventions Supported by Information and Communication Technologies
Authors: Reis Gorete Mendonça , Sousa Luís Manuel Mota , Silva Paulo , Pereira Patricia , Sim-Sim Margarida
Published: May 2022

Fragility affects the ability to recover from stress conditions as the use of information and communication technologies in health care grows. The objective of this chapter is to identify evidence on interventions using ICT technology to prevent or delay frailty. A systematic review of the literature was used. Search was performed in April 2019 through B-on and EBSCO host, in databases Academic Search Complet, with Full Test in MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus®, and MedicLatina. Boolean equation ((Telemedicine) OR (mobile health) OR (computer reality) OR (virtual reality)) AND (Frail Elderly) AND (randomized controlled trial), from 2013 to 2017. Articles followed PRISMA flowchart. Results show that 2946 articles were selected, and 17 met the criteria. The used ICT were virtual-augmented reality, multidisciplinary home-telehealth and telemonitoring, nurse home visits, Wii Fit, and other interactive video games. The chapter conclude that the implementation of ICT to manage self-care at home requires an interdisciplinary, collaborative, and user-centered approach to improve the viability, acceptability, and usability of innovations.
Training Strategies for Organic Agriculture as a Pathway to Achieve the SDGs
Authors: de Porras Miguel , Haller Lisa , Alexander Sigrid
Published: May 2022

The current agricultural and food system needs to become more sustainable. Scientific evidence shows that organic agriculture is particularly environmental beneficial and can contribute to the achievement of the SDGs. Yet, it is a knowledge intensive practice and all actors along the value chain need to be accordingly trained. Focusing on farmers, this chapter assesses available training initiatives in the sector. In order to become more effective, public bodies should engage more in capacity building and training on organics. Moreover, additional training initiatives should focus on specific crops or agricultural systems, which also addresses the training need of farmers in conversion. The use of ICT has the potential to facilitate the development of more efficient training interventions. The further development of training initiatives is a vehicle to promote organic agriculture and ultimately to contribute to achieving the SDGs and climate mitigation and adaptation in particular.
Climate-Smart Approach for Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Suvorov Nicolae , Stancu Alina Mădălina
Published: May 2022

The 21st century comes with a great challenge in terms of sustainable agriculture and food security, which is also a worldwide debated issue due to problems such as population growth, degradation of natural resources including loss of biodiversity and considerable soil degradation, and last but not least, climate change. In fact, climate change poses the greatest threat to agricultural systems and the health of ecosystems and natural balance. The green revolution comes as a lifesaver for the environment, streamlining the allocation of natural resources but at the same time involves huge costs in term of money, time, and labor. Due to the intensive use of fossil fuels, chemical treatments in agriculture, and animal husbandry, environmental problems such as climate change tend to become more pronounced resulting in negative environmental externalities globally. A smart approach to sustainable agriculture is to reinvent and innovate traditional agricultural practices in order to identify ways and possibilities to reduce the risks related to the use of pesticides in close connection with the health of ecosystems.
An Overview of Internet of Things Technology Applied on Precision Agriculture Concept
Authors: França Reinaldo Padilha , Monteiro Ana Carolina Borges , Arthur Rangel , Iano Yuzo
Published: May 2022

The internet of things (IoT) is characterized by devices that communicate without human interference, sending and receiving data online, to which they have shaped the way of connecting household appliances, machines, and equipment, cars, among other things, also arriving at the field through characterized by the communication between devices, sensors, drones, and machines. They have great potential to improve production processes, making agriculture increasingly digital, creating solutions, connectivity, and training for specialist labor. As well as irrigation systems and other intelligent machines with the ability to talk to each other enabling management in the use of energy, resources, and inputs making the production process more efficient. Precision agriculture encompasses a series of components and factors from which the best procedures can be chosen that are appropriate in a given agricultural operation that effectively meets your needs, also related to the application of inputs at the right time and in the right place, following the growth and productivity over the entire length of a plantation by controlling pests, among other technologies, providing a reduction in production costs and spending on inputs, reducing the pollution of nature by the pesticides used, making it possible to reduce operating costs, increasing precision in obtaining results in the same way as less variability in production. Therefore, this chapter aims to provide an updated overview and review of the use of the internet of things in the precision agriculture system showing and approaching its success relation, with a concise bibliographic background, categorizing and synthesizing the potential of both technologies.
Fostering Organic Farming Sustainability Throughout Alternative Food Networks (AFNs)
Authors: De Bernardi Paola , Tirabeni Lia , Scagnelli Simone Domenico
Published: May 2022

This chapter presents the preliminary results of an ongoing research that empirically investigates the role of alternative food networks (AFNs) in supporting the development of the organic farming sector; moreover, it contributes in fostering sustainability approaches by small farmers. Specifically, the authors focus on how AFNs can boost sustainability in food consumption models and create an integrated way to support long-term competitiveness of organic farmers and, at the same time, satisfy consumers' expectations. By adopting a mixed case-based methodology, the authors propose an analysis of the sustainability dimensions of organic farming and the sustainability characteristics of AFNs as agro-food systems alternatives to the conventional supply chains of modern distribution. Moreover, the authors identify customers' perceptions on organic products and sustainability as well as their purchasing rationale and motivation into a wide range of innovative AFN, such as “food assembly.”