bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Editing of StSR4 by Cas9-RNPs confers resistance to Phytophthora infestans in potato
Authors: Moon Ki-Beom , Park Su-Jin , Park Ji-Sun , Lee Hyo-Jun , Shin Seung Young , Lee Soo Min , Choi Gyung Ja , Kim Sang-Gyu , Cho Hye Sun , Jeon Jae-Heung , Kim Yong-Sam , Park Youn-Il , Kim Hyun-Soon
Published: September 2022

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivation is threatened by various environmental stresses, especially disease. Genome editing technologies are effective tools for generating pathogen-resistant potatoes. Here, we established an efficient RNP-mediated CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing protocol in potato to develop Phytophthora infestans resistant mutants by targeting the susceptibility gene, Signal Responsive 4 (SR4), in protoplasts. Mutations in StSR4 were efficiently introduced into the regenerated potato plants, with a maximum efficiency of 34%. High co-expression of StEDS1 and StPAD4 in stsr4 mutants induced the accumulation of salicylic acid (SA), and enhanced the expression of the pathogen resistance marker StPR1. In addition, increased SA content in the stsr4 mutant enhanced its resistance to P. infestans more than that in wild type. However, the growth of stsr4_3-19 and stsr4_3-698 mutants with significantly high SA was strongly inhibited, and a dwarf phenotype was induced. Therefore, it is important to adequate SA accumulation in order to overcome StSR4 editing-triggered growth inhibition and take full advantages of the improved pathogen resistance of stsr4 mutants. This RNP-mediated CRISPR/Cas9-based potato genome editing protocol will accelerate the development of pathogen-resistant Solanaceae crops via molecular breeding.
Diagnostics and clinical usability of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Aiello Edoardo Nicolò , Solca Federica , Torre Silvia , Carelli Laura , Ferrucci Roberta , Priori Alberto , Verde Federico , Silani Vincenzo , Ticozzi Nicola , Poletti Barbara
Published: September 2022

Background

The present study aimed at (1) assessing the diagnostic properties of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in non-demented ALS patients and at (2) exploring the MoCA administrability according to motor-functional status.

Materials

N = 348 patients were administered the MoCA and Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen (ECAS). Administrability rates and prevalence of defective MoCA scores were compared across King’s and Milano-Torino clinical stages. Regression models were run to test whether the non-administrability of the MoCA and a defective score on it were predicted, net of the ECAS-Total, by disease duration, ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R) and progression rate, computed as (48: ALSFRS-R)/disease duration. Intrinsic and post-test diagnostics were tested against a below-cut-off ECAS-total score.

Results

The 79.9% of patients successfully underwent the MoCA, whose administrability rates decreased with advanced clinical stages, at variance with its defective score prevalence. The probability of the FAB not being administrable was predicted only by lower ALSFRS-R-bulbar and-upper-limb scores; no motor features, but the ECAS-Total, predicted a defective MoCA performance. The MoCA showed high accuracy (AUC = 0.82) and good intrinsic and post-test properties—being slightly more specific than sensitive.

Discussion

In non-demented ALS patients, the MoCA is featured by optimal diagnostics as a screener for cognitive impairment, especially for ruling-out its occurrence, as long as patients are in the early stages of the disease and have sufficiently spared bulbar and upper-limb functions.
The Effectiveness of the Digital Environment and Perfectionism on Anxiety and Depression in the Light of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Northern Iraq
Authors: Ahmed Shahla Ali , Cerkez Yagmur
Published: September 2022

This investigation is intended to explore the effect of the digital environment as well as perfectionism during the COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety and depression. The study used a mixed-methods design; a mixed research methodology was used regarding explanatory design by using a qualitative sub-sample from quantitative sample data. The researcher conducted the study on a sample of 980 students and non-students smartphone and internet users using both qualitative (self-reported) and quantitative (questionnaires) approach. Three different questionnaires were used: The Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, Beck Depression (BD), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BA). On the other hand, the researcher designed a self-reported interview for the qualitative part that included 5 major questions and 10 sub-questions. The gathered data were investigated using SPSS version 22 to analyze the collected data for this study, and simple descriptive statistics and coding were used. The results denote that the digital environment is significantly correlated with multidimensional perfectionism in a low positive manner for students. However, the correlation effects for non-students are significantly high as evidenced by a significant positive correlation. Another finding suggests that there is a positive significant association between perfectionism and being depressed and anxious.
Comparison of graph and animation: An unbalanced battle over two decades
Authors: Zhuang Qianhong , Liu Xiaobin
Published: September 2022

Numerous studies have produced contradictory findings about whether static or animated format is the better instructional tool. With a comparison between graphs and animations that has a genuine impact on learning and teaching, this review provides a comprehensive examination of (a) the theoretical foundations of visualized learning, (b) influencing factors, and (c) prospective future studies.
The biobehavioral family model with a seminarian population: A systems perspective of clinical care
Authors: Smith Kaitlin , Wang David , Canada Andrea , Poston John M. , Bee Rick , Hurlbert Lara
Published: September 2022

Seminary students remain unstudied in the research literature despite their eminent role in caring for the wellbeing of congregants. This study aimed to conduct baseline analysis of their family of origin health, psychological health, and physiological heath by utilizing the Biobehavioral Family Model (BBFM) as a conceptual framework for understanding the associations between these constructs. Statistical analysis utilizing structural equation modeling provided support that the BBFM was a sound model for assessing the relationships between these constructs within a seminary sample. Additionally, seminarians were found to have higher rates of anxiety and depression when compared to the general population. Together, findings indicate that clinical care for seminarians may be best if implemented from a global systemic perspective.
Environmental integration tool approach: Self-determined commitment and the adoption of pro-environmental behaviors
Authors: Henin Vincent , Uglione Paula
Published: September 2022

This paper discusses the role of self-determined commitment in the methodological dynamics of the Environmental Integration Tool Producer (EIT Producer) and its potential impact on the adoption of pro-environmental behaviors by local economy actors in the Global South. This tool is part of the EIT Approach developed by Louvain Coopération, the NGO associated with Université Catholique de Louvain (Belgium), which aims to support social actors in productivity and consumption activities in Africa, Andean America, and Asia. The aim is to highlight the conceptual and methodological elements of the OIE Producer, in order to understand the role of self-determined commitment in the expected ends and in the impact of the tool. The integration between economic development and the environment is a central issue in the challenges of contemporary global society. This article intends to contribute with answers to such challenges, especially with regard to the development of methodologies that are effective in governmental and non-governmental cooperation programs engaged for sustainable development.
Psychological readiness to return to sports practice and risk of recurrence: Case studies
Authors: Gomez-Espejo Veronica , Olmedilla Aurelio , Abenza-Cano Lucia , Garcia-Mas Alejandro , Ortega Enrique
Published: September 2022

Returning to sport after the sports injury is a difficult decision because it’s multicausal and the fact that a rash decision can result in numerous negative consequences. Given the importance of psychological variables for the correct rehabilitation of the injured athlete and his or her optimal return to sports practice, there seems to be little information on this subject. In this sense, the objective is to determine the relationship between the subjective psychological disposition of the athlete in the process of Return to Play (RTP) with the type of mood profile and his mental health. This is based on the fact that each athlete evaluates his or her recovery differently and has different levels of anxiety, depression, and stress. For this purpose, four athletes participated in the study. Two males and two females from the sports of indoor soccer and soccer, who had just returned to sports after a moderate or severe injury. The average age was 24.25 years. Various measurements were taken after practices and after matches, to assess mood, psychological readiness, anxiety, stress, and depression. The results confirm Morgan’s iceberg profile and the influence that subjective psychological perceptions and assessed emotional states have on athletes’ incorporation into their sports practice with a guarantee of success.
Customer’s decision and affective assessment of online product recommendation: A recommendation-product congruity proposition
Authors: Liu Yu , Khan Muhammad Bashir , Ashraf Muhammad , Orangzab  , Sharif Wareesa , Ahmad Jamil
Published: September 2022

Online product recommendation (OPR) systems have gained prominence in the context of e-commerce over the past years. Despite the increased research on OPR use, less attention has been paid to examining how decision and affective assessment of the OPR are contingent upon the product type. This study proposes and examines a recommendation-product congruity proposition based on cognitive fit and schema congruity theories. The proposition states that when the content (i.e., a stimulus-based schema) of the OPR [either system-generated recommendation (SGR) or a consumer-generated recommendation (CGR)] matches the brain-stored schema initiated by a particular product (either a search product or an experienced product), then a consumer would use a schema-based information assessment strategy and experience favorable decision and affective assessment of the OPR. This then affects consumers’ intentions to purchase and reuse OPR. The proposition is tested via a 2 × 2 between-respondents factorial design of a cross-sectional survey with 482 Amazon customers. The results support the following two matching conditions of the proposition: (1) SGR describing a search product and (2) CGR explaining an experienced product, which might lead customers to perceive lower decision effort, greater decision quality, and higher enjoyment with the OPR that subsequently have a significant impact on their intentions to purchase and reuse OPR. This study expands our understanding of how recommendation-product congruence influences the consumer’s decision and affective assessment behavior and provides practical implications for the identification and presentation of the recommendation type and product type for a better customer decision.
The mediating role of personal values between COVID-19-related posttraumatic growth and life satisfaction among Chinese college students: A two-wave longitudinal study
Authors: Xie Jia-Qiong , Zhang Hua , Zhang Xiang , Yin Ming-Ze , Yang Jing , Chen Ke , Xiong Jian-Ru , Chen Yi-Qiang
Published: September 2022

Despite considerable disruption of social order caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, it has also been said to contribute to positive psychological changes and influence on the perception of public life satisfaction. The present study aimed to explore the association between the COVID-19 related posttraumatic growth and life satisfaction and the mediating role of personal values. A two-wave longitudinal design was used. 226 self-quarantined Chinese college students (58.8% male) completed post traumatic growth inventory (Time 1), satisfaction with life scale (Time 2), personal values questionnaire (Time 2) between February 2020 and May 2021. Results showed that more than half of self-quarantined Chinese college students reported moderate to high levels of the COVID-19 related posttraumatic growth. A structural equation model revealed that COVID-19 related posttraumatic growth was positively associated to life satisfaction, and self-transcendence and self-enhancement values partially mediated this association. These findings shed light on whether and how pandemic-related posttraumatic growth influenced personal life satisfaction, supporting the outcome and process perspectives of posttraumatic growth as well as Schwartz’s value theory. Based on the findings, some positive psychology interventions, such as online rumination activities and mindfulness practice, were proposed to enhance self-quarantined college students’ posttraumatic growth and life satisfaction.
Emotional context can reduce the negative impact of face masks on inferring emotions
Authors: McCrackin Sarah D. , Ristic Jelena
Published: September 2022

While face masks prevent the spread of disease, they occlude lower face parts and thus impair facial emotion recognition. Since emotions are often also contextually situated, it remains unknown whether providing a descriptive emotional context alongside the facial emotion may reduce some of the negative impact of facial occlusion on emotional communication. To address this question, here we examined how emotional inferences were affected by facial occlusion and the availability of emotional context. Participants were presented with happy or sad emotional faces who were either fully visible or partially obstructed by an opaque surgical mask. The faces were shown either within an emotionally congruent (e.g., “Her cat was found/lost yesterday afternoon”) or neutral (“Get ready to see the next person”) context. Participants were asked to infer the emotional states of the protagonists by rating their emotional intensity and valence. Facial occlusion by masks impacted the ratings, such that protagonists were judged to feel less intense and more neutral emotions when they wore masks relative to when their face was fully visible. Importantly, this negative impact of visual occlusion by mask was reduced but not fully eliminated when the faces were presented within a congruent emotional context. Thus, visual occlusion of facial emotions impairs understanding of emotions, with this negative effect of face masks partially mitigated by the availability of a larger emotional context.
Research on body image cognition, social support and illness perception in breast cancer patients with different surgical methods
Authors: Liu Yuhan , Liu Wanli , Ma Yinglu , Yang Xiaoyue , Zhou Han , Zhang Tingting , Shao Shuhong
Published: September 2022

In parallel with the rapid rise in breast cancer incidence, there is also a noticeable rise in the number of patients who experience persistent negative body image cognition after breast cancer surgery. This study aimed to explore the differences in illness perception, social support, and body image cognition among breast cancer patients with different surgical methods, and the correlation, regression, and mediation among the three variables. The Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ), the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) and the Body Image Cognition after Breast Cancer Questionnaire (BIBCQ) were used to evaluate breast cancer patients’ illness perception, social support and body image cognition. Data analyses were performed by descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson correlation, and linear regression. The mediation was explored by the PROCESS V3.3. The study found that breast cancer patients undergoing radical mastectomy (RM) and modified radical mastectomy (MRM) demonstrated more negative illness perception, body image cognition, and lower social support compared with the patients receiving nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM; p < 0.05). The subscale cognitive representation (CR) of BIPQ was strongly positively correlated with BIBCQ (p < 0.05). Illness perception positively predicted body image cognition (p < 0.01), while social support negatively predicted body image cognition. Social support partially mediated illness perception and body image cognition, exhibiting a positive role in post-operative body image cognition.
How does job insecurity cause unethical pro-organizational behavior? The mediating role of impression management motivation and the moderating role of organizational identification
Authors: Xu Lin , Wen Ting , Wang Jigan
Published: September 2022

This study aims to examine the effect of quantitative and qualitative job insecurity on unethical pro-organizational behavior (UPB), focusing on the mediating effect of impression management motivation and the moderating effect of organizational identification. A two-wave questionnaire survey is conducted, and data from 254 employees of Chinese enterprises are used to test the research hypotheses. Empirical results show that: (1) Quantitative job insecurity has a significant positive effect on UPB, while positive effect of qualitative job insecurity on UPB is insignificant. (2) Quantitative job insecurity positively affects impression management motivation and increases UPB. Although the direct effect of qualitative job insecurity on UPB is insignificant, it positively affects UPB through impression management motivation. (3) Organizational identification plays a positive moderation role in the relationship between impression management motivation and employees’ UPB, that is, high-degree organizational identification leads to a strong effect of impression management motivation on UPB; furthermore, organizational identification moderates the mediating role of impression management motivation in the relationships between quantitative, qualitative job insecurity, and UPB, such that the effect is strong when organizational identification is high, rather than low. This study compares the effect of quantitative and qualitative job insecurity on employees’ UPB, reveals that impression management motivation is the key mechanism of quantitative and qualitative job insecurity affecting UPB, and points out the moderating effect of organizational identification, which offers implications for organizational management practices.
Envisioning the Role of Educators’ Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge and Self-Regulated Learning in an English as a Foreign Language Context
Authors: Li Wenjie
Published: September 2022

In recent decades, more and more research has been conducted on the competencies of educators in improving the role of technology in academic activities. These competencies are based on a clear platform of technological knowledge, together with the recognized aspects of vast pedagogical knowledge and rich content knowledge. In such a modern era, the knowledge of technology, pedagogy, and content knowledge (TPACK) is quite vital in getting the educators ready to turn into qualified educators to cope with the difficulties of the 21st-century. Moreover, it is considered that self-regulation is a significant factor in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) educators’ learning and professional development. In line with the literature, nurturing and boosting self-regulated learning (SRL) capabilities assist individuals to gain complicated knowledge and manage challenging problems in the process of teaching. Consequently, this review makes an effort to inspect teachers’ TPACK growth by enhancing their SRL capabilities in the process of technology-based instruction. In a nutshell, the implications of the present review were presented together with suggestions.
Factors influencing secondary school students’ reading literacy: An analysis based on XGBoost and SHAP methods
Authors: Liu Hao , Chen Xi , Liu Xiaoxiao
Published: September 2022

This paper constructs a predictive model of student reading literacy based on data from students who participated in the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA 2018) from four provinces/municipalities of China, i.e., Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang. We calculated the contribution of influencing factors in the model by using eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm and sHapley additive exPlanations (SHAP) values, and get the following findings: (1) Factors that have the greatest impact on students’ reading literacy are from individual and family levels, with school-level factors taking a relative back seat. (2) The most important influencing factors at individual level are reading metacognition and reading interest. (3) The most important factors at family level are ESCS (index of economic, social and cultural status) and language environment, and dialect is negative for reading literacy, whereas proficiency in both a dialect and Mandarin plays a positive role. (4) At the school level, the most important factors are time dedicated to learning and class discipline, and we found that there is an optimal value for learning time, which suggests that reasonable learning time is beneficial, but overextended learning time may make academic performance worse instead of improving it.
Se-duction is not sex-duction: Desexualizing and de-feminizing hysteria
Authors: Mancini Milena , Scudiero Martina , Mignogna Silvio , Urso Valentina , Stanghellini Giovanni
Published: September 2022

The psychopathological analysis of hysteria is a victim of narrow conceptualizations. Among these is the inscription of hysteria in the feminine sphere, about body and sexuality, which incentivized conceptual reductionism. Hysteria has been mainly considered a gendered pathology, almost exclusively female, and it has been associated with cultural and/or religious features over time rather than treated as a psychopathological world. Further, hysteria has been dominated by conceptual inaccuracies and indecision, not only in terms of clinical features but also in terms of its definition. For this reason, it seems necessary to “undress” hysteria from this feminization, sexualization, and corporealization with which it has been abundantly clothed over the years. “Undressing” hysteria will make possible a reconfiguring and deconstructing of the explanatory-causal model of Charcot and Freud. However, if we take out this cultural heritage, the stigma accompanying this diagnosis, and the weight of the enormous historical tradition that hysteria carries, the world of hysteria continues to constitute a domain full of complexity and nosographic challenges. Hysteria has been considered a sum of psychological behaviors and states illustrated by drama, mystery, or falsity. The difficulty in understanding the multiple somatic manifestations which characterize this clinical condition created several controversies and much confusion. In the current nosography, the personological component of hysteria has been separated from its symptomatic manifestation, in the Histrionic Personality Disorder and Conversion Disorder categories, respectively. This segmentation by descriptive nosography does contribute to a unitary understanding of the phenomenon and, consequently, of daily clinical practice. Clinical complexity can be grasped and deciphered only if the symptom is inscribed in the patient’s lifeworld and his/her subjective life history. Clinical practice is thus thought of in terms of a structural aggregation of a homogeneous set of phenomena, together constituting a specific way of being in the world. The starting point of this article is the evident modalities characterizing this life-world, taking care not to confuse the point of origin with the point of expression.
Unmet needs of the Iranian mothers of the children with cancer and the identification of the related factors: A descriptive-correlational study
Authors: Khanali Mojen Leila , Rassouli Maryam , Ashrafizadeh Hadis , Fathollah Zadeh Ensieh , Dadashi Nasrin , Khoubbin Khoshnazar Tahereh Alsadat , Pourazarhagh Parand , Nasrabadi Tahereh
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Parents’ caring responsibilities lead to imbalances in roles, functions, and emotions, confronting them with new needs that, if left unaddressed, have adverse consequences for the lives of all family members. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the significant unmet needs of the mothers of the children with cancer.

Materials and methods

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Tehran in 2019–2020 on 215 mothers of the children with cancer visiting the hospitals affiliated with medical universities. The study population was selected through convenience sampling method and according to the inclusion criteria. The FIN questionnaire consisting of two subscales, FIN-Import and FIN-Fulfillment, with 40 items, was used to collect data.

Results

The mean age of the mothers participating in the study was 34.77 ± 7.91 years, and the mean age of the children with cancer was 9.77 ± 14.37 years. The mean scores of FIN-Import and FIN-Fulfillment were 92.88 ± 7.97 and 70.82 ± 17.89, respectively. The phrase “To know the facts concerning my child’s prognosis” with 23%, and the phrase “To be told about the people who could help with problems” with 22.8% were the most common unmet needs reported by the parents.

Conclusion

The present study indicated that caring for a child with cancer had confronted mothers with new needs to be met; however, not all of these needs had been satisfied. Awareness about the unmet needs of these mothers and planning to manage those needs can lay the groundwork to improve their health.
Mixed competition and technology licensing in a supply chain
Authors: Zhang Huaige , Zhang Yu , Zhou Menghuan
Published: September 2022

Technology licensing as a vital part of business behavior in many industries has drawn a fair amount of attention in industrial organization literature. Most existing literature on licensing decisions assumes that all firms engage in Cournot or Bertrand competition, while the type of mixed competition may affect the choice of the licensor. In this context, what decision will the licensor make faced with different mixed competitions? This paper studies the optimal technology licensing contract of a licensor firm engaging in different mixed competitions (Cournot-Bertrand or Bertrand-Cournot) with a potential licensee in a differentiated duopoly market considering one upstream firm (supplier) that provides key inputs. We find that if either the royalty or fixed-fee licensing is applied, the licensor favors royalty licensing under Bertrand-Cournot competition when the degree of substitution is small and prefers the fixed-fee licensing no matter under what kind of mixed competition as the degree of substitution increases. In the case of fixed-fee licensing, the result shows that the profits of licensors are the same under different types of mixed competition. Besides, fixed-fee licensing is not always the optimal choice for consumers, and they would prefer royalty licensing when the degree of substitution is very small.
Construction of talent training mechanism for innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities based on data fusion algorithm
Authors: Liu Yuanbing
Published: September 2022

Nowadays, innovation and entrepreneurship courses occupy a very important place in universities and colleges and have also become an important teaching position in the process of building a new science. Colleges and universities actively respond to the challenge of “mass entrepreneurship and innovation” and define the goals and specifications of the talent training mechanism based on data fusion algorithms to cultivate as much high-quality applied talent as possible. In view of some shortcomings and problems in the current talent training mechanism in universities and colleges, this paper proposes a data fusion algorithm based on information fusion theory and proof theory. The aim is to verify the feasibility of establishing a talent training mechanism for innovation and entrepreneurship education in universities and colleges. And this paper analyzes and explores the data fusion algorithm and the elements of innovation and entrepreneurial talent training, and forms an operating mechanism for entrepreneurial talent training according to social needs. Among them, the efficiency of the data fusion algorithm used by the GM(1,1) model plays a significant role in the final result, and the minimum relative error value is 3.2%. Finally, it is concluded that we should focus on establishing a perfect talent training system for college students’ innovation and entrepreneurship education to improve students’ own comprehensive quality and various abilities, and to solve some social problems that are difficult to find employment in essence.
An examination of task factors that influence the associative memory deficit in aging
Authors: Endemann Ricarda , Kamp Siri-Maria
Published: September 2022

Aging is accompanied by a decline in associative memory, whereas item memory remains relatively stable compared to young adults. This age-related associative deficit is well replicated, but its mechanisms and influencing factors during learning are still largely unclear. In the present study, we examined mediators of the age-related associative deficit, including encoding intentionality, strategy instructions, the timing of the memory test (immediate vs. 24 h delayed) and the material being learned (words vs. pictures) in a within-subject design. Older and younger adults performed seven encoding tasks on word pairs and picture pairs on two consecutive days, followed by item and associative recognition tests. The associative deficit was evident after all encoding tasks. We found no evidence for a difference in the magnitude of the associative deficit between incidental vs. intentional learning conditions. However, there was some evidence for a larger associative memory deficit with pictures versus words when the encoding task was held equal. Sentence generation and interactive imagery instructions in which participants generated their own mediators reduced the magnitude of the associative deficit. However, increased encoding guidance through the provision of mediators did not lead to an alleviation of the deficit, potentially because the specified mediators were implausible or difficult for the older adults to reconcile with prior knowledge. Finally, we found some evidence for a reduced age-related associative deficit with a test delay of 24 h. These results contribute to a better understanding of the factors affecting the relative difficulty of older adults with encoding and retrieving novel associations.
“Always opening and never closing”: How dialogical therapists understand and create reflective conversations in network meetings
Authors: Sidis A. E. , Moore A.R. , Pickard J. , Deane F. P.
Published: September 2022

Tom Andersen’s reflecting team process, which allowed families to witness and respond to the talk of professionals during therapy sessions, has been described as revolutionary in the field of family therapy. Reflecting teams are prominent in a number of family therapy approaches, more recently in narrative and dialogical therapies. This way of working is considered more a philosophy than a technique, and has been received positively by both therapists and service users. This paper describes how dialogical therapists conceptualise the reflective process, how they work to engage families in reflective dialogues and how this supports change. We conducted semi-structured, reflective interviews with 12 dialogical therapists with between 2 and 20 years of experience. Interpretative Phenomenological analysis of transcribed interviews identified varying conceptualisations of the reflecting process and descriptions of therapist actions that support reflective talk among network members. We adopted a dialogical approach to interpretation of this data. In this sense, we did not aim to condense accounts into consensus but instead to describe variations and new ways of understanding dialogical reflecting team practices. Four themes were identified: Lived experience as expertise; Listening to the self and hearing others; Relational responsiveness and fostering connection; and Opening space for something new. We applied these themes to psychotherapy process literature both within family therapy literature and more broadly to understand more about how reflecting teams promote helpful and healing conversations in practice.
Flipped classroom: Challenges and benefits of using social media in English language teaching and learning
Authors: Han Shujun
Published: September 2022

Due to the emergence of new technologies, reforms in higher education require changes in traditional education. The flipped classroom approach can be a solution to such educational changes to create a student-centered individual learning environment. This approach, which is a type of blended learning, has effectively integrated traditional education and social networks using both environments inside and outside the classroom. The current review is to provide an overview of flipped classroom studies in language teaching contexts. Particularly, the study put emphasis on revealing and addressing the potential benefits and challenges of flipped classroom approach for teaching using social media. It focused on learning environments that students were exposed to the lecture content before the class in a collaborative and interactive learning environment using well-known social media applications. Twenty-five journal publications of flipped classrooms were analyzed in terms of their flipped learning activities, learner achievement, learner attitude, and challenges encountered. The analysis of the selected studies showed that the flipped classroom approach has a positive effect on learning, reducing cognitive load, involvement, accuracy, motivation, attitude, and satisfaction with the course and self-efficacy in higher education, and one of the most important challenges of the flipped classroom is the lack of familiarity and appropriate adaptation of students. With the inversion method, there was an increase in teachers’ workload. According to the analysis of the selected research findings, it is concluded that higher education can effectively use this method.
Analysis of the effect of cognitive ability on academic achievement: Moderating role of self-monitoring
Authors: Shi Yueqi , Qu Shaowei
Published: September 2022

In this study, cognitive ability was classified into memory ability, representational ability, information processing ability, logical reasoning ability, and thinking conversion ability, and analyzed the effects of these five ability values on academic achievement. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the moderating effect of Self-monitoring between cognitive ability and Academic Achievement, using students’ Self-monitoring as moderating variables. The results of the study showed that cognitive ability can significantly and positively affect academic achievement, while Self-monitoring can significantly moderate the effect of cognitive ability on academic performance, with a significant moderating effect on math subjects and English subjects among achievement subjects, and the higher the value of cognitive ability, the stronger the moderating effect.
Sex differences in personality disorders in a Chinese clinical population
Authors: He HongZhen , Xu Mei , Fei ZhangYing , Xie Yuou , Gu XinYi , Zhu HongLiang , Wang JunJie
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Sex differences in the frequency and severity of personality disorders (PDs) have been widely reported in Western countries. However, limited literature suggests a similar sex distribution in the Chinese clinical population. This study investigated sex differences in self-reported and interviewed patients with PDs in a clinical population in China.

Materials and methods

The participants were 1,389 consecutive outpatients with a mean age of 30.5 years, including 634 (45.6%) males and 755 (54.4%) females. Self-reported PD traits were assessed using the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire Fourth Edition Plus (PDQ-4+). PDs were diagnosed according to the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) Axis II (SCID-II).

Results

Male outpatients reported more paranoid, schizotypal, antisocial, and passive-aggressive PD traits, whereas females reported more borderline PD traits on the PDQ-4+. Self-reported PD traits in male outpatients were more likely to reach the positive threshold of antisocial PD than in females (χ2 = 5.293, p = 0.021). Males were more likely to meet the criteria for schizoid (χ2 = 5.050, p = 0.025), narcissistic (χ2 = 27.244, p < 0.001), antisocial (χ2 = 11.430, p = 0.001), avoidant (χ2 = 5.098, p = 0.024), and obsessive-compulsive PD (χ2 = 5.496, p = 0.019) diagnoses in the SCID-II. In contrast, females were more likely to meet the criteria of histrionic (χ2 = 12.327, p = 0.001), borderline (χ2 = 28.538, p < 0.001), and dependent (χ2 = 4.919, p = 0.027) diagnoses.

Discussion

These findings indicate gender differences in the traits, frequency, and pattern of PDs when assessed in a Chinese clinical population.
The Relationship Between Smoker Identity and Smoking Cessation Among Young Smokers: The Role of Smoking Rationalization Beliefs and Cultural Value of Guanxi
Authors: Chen Haide , Fan Yumeng , Li Xinwei , Gao Lingfeng , Li Weijian
Published: September 2022

Although the relationship between smoker identity and smoking cessation behavior has been confirmed, the role of smoking-related beliefs and cultural values in this relationship for young smokers is little known. The present study aimed to examine whether the relationship between smoker identity and smoking cessation behavior would be mediated by smoking rationalization beliefs and/or intention to quit smoking and whether the effect of smoker identity on smoking cessation behavior was moderated by cultural value of guanxi. A total of 708 young smokers participated in the study and completed questionnaires that measured smoker identity, smoking rationalization beliefs, intention to quit smoking, smoking cessation behavior and cultural value of guanxi. The results showed: (1) the relationship between smoker identity and smoking cessation behavior was negative and significant. (2) The mediating effect of intention to quit smoking and the serial mediating effect of “smoking rationalization beliefs → intention to quit smoking” on the relationship between smoker identity and smoking cessation behavior was significant. (3) Both the serial mediating effect of “smoking rationalization beliefs → intention to quit smoking” and the direct effect of smoker identity on smoking cessation behavior were moderated by cultural value of guanxi. The current findings increased understanding of psychosocial mechanisms underlying the hindering effect of smoker identity on smoking cessation and suggested the role of smoking rationalization beliefs and cultural value of guanxi should be considered in smoking cessation interventions for young smokers.
Potential Circumstances Associated With Moral Injury and Moral Distress in Healthcare Workers and Public Safety Personnel Across the Globe During COVID-19: A Scoping Review
Authors: Xue Yuanxin , Lopes Jillian , Ritchie Kimberly , D’Alessandro Andrea M. , Banfield Laura , McCabe Randi E. , Heber Alexandra , Lanius Ruth A. , McKinnon Margaret C.
Published: September 2022

Healthcare workers (HCWs) and public safety personnel (PSP) across the globe have continued to face ethically and morally challenging situations during the COVID-19 pandemic that increase their risk for the development of moral distress (MD) and moral injury (MI). To date, however, the global circumstances that confer risk for MD and MI in these cohorts have not been systematically explored, nor have the unique circumstances that may exist across countries been explored. Here, we sought to identify and compare, across the globe, potentially morally injurious or distressful events (PMIDEs) in HCWs and PSP during the COVID-19 pandemic. A scoping review was conducted to identify and synthesize global knowledge on PMIDEs in HCWs and select PSP. Six databases were searched, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, PsychInfo, CINAHL, and Global Health. A total of 1,412 articles were retrieved, of which 57 articles were included in this review. These articles collectively described the experiences of samples from 19 different countries, which were comprised almost exclusively of HCWs. Given the lack of PSP data, the following results should not be generalized to PSP populations without further research. Using qualitative content analysis, six themes describing circumstances associated with PMIDEs were identified: (1) Risk of contracting or transmitting COVID-19; (2) Inability to work on the frontlines; (3) Provision of suboptimal care; (4) Care prioritization and resource allocation; (5) Perceived lack of support and unfair treatment by their organization; and (6) Stigma, discrimination, and abuse. HCWs described a range of emotions related to these PMIDEs, including anxiety, fear, guilt, shame, burnout, anger, and helplessness. Most PMIDE themes appeared to be shared globally, particularly the ‘Risk of contracting or transmitting COVID-19’ and the ‘Perceived lack of support and unfair treatment by their organization.’ Articles included within the theme of ‘Stigma, discrimination, and abuse’ represented the smallest global distribution of all PMIDE themes. Overall, the present review provides insight into PMIDEs encountered by HCWs across the globe during COVID-19. Further research is required to differentiate the experience of PSP from HCWs, and to explore the impact of social and cultural factors on the experience of MD and MI.
The Relationship Between 5-Hydroxytryptamine and Its Metabolite Changes With Post-stroke Depression
Authors: Gu Simeng , He Zhengming , Xu Qiuyue , Dong Jie , Xiao Tingwei , Liang Fei , Ma Xianjun , Wang Fushun , Huang Jason H.
Published: September 2022

Post-stroke depression (PSD) is the most common and serious sequelae of stroke. Approximately 33% of stroke survivors were affected by PSD. However, many issues (e.g., incidence, diagnostic marker, and risk factor) related to PSD remained unclear. The “monoamine hypothesis” is a significant hypothesis for depression, which suggests that three monoamines play a key role in depression. Therefore, most current antidepressants are developed to modulate the monoamines on PSD treatment, and these antidepressants have good effects on patients with PSD. However, the potential mechanisms of three monoamines in PSD are still unclear. Previously, we proposed “three primary emotions,” which suggested a new model of basic emotions based on the three monoamines. It may provide a new way for PSD treatment. In addition, recent studies have found that monoamine-related emotional intervention also showed potential effects in the treatment and prevention of PSD. This study discusses these issues and attempts to provide a prospect for future research on PSD.
Bidirectional Relationship Between Body Pain and Depressive Symptoms: A Pooled Analysis of Two National Aging Cohort Studies
Authors: Qiu Yujia , Ma Yanjun , Huang Xuebing
Published: September 2022

Aims

To investigate the bidirectional longitudinal association between pain and depressive symptoms and explore whether gender modifies the association.

Methods

This study used data of 17,577 participants without depressive symptoms and 15,775 without pain at baseline from waves 1–8 (2002/2003 to 2016/2017) of the English Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSA) and waves 1 to 3 [2011–2015] of the China Health Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Cox regression models were performed at the cohort level to evaluate the potential longitudinal associations, and then random-effect meta-analyses were conducted to pool the results. The potential modifying effect was detected by Z-test.

Results

During 103,512 person-years of follow-up in participants without depressive symptoms, baseline pain intensity was associated with incident depressive symptoms. Compared with individuals who reported no pain at baseline, the pooled adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of incident depressive symptoms for participants with mild to moderate pain and for those with severe pain was 1.37 (95% CI: 1.22–1.55, p < 0.001) and 1.52 (95% CI: 1.34–1.73, p < 0.001), respectively. During 81,958 person-years of follow-up in participants without pain, baseline depressive symptoms were associated with a significantly higher incidence of pain, and the pooled adjusted HR of incident pain was 1.71 (95% CI: 1.60–1.82, p < 0.001). These associations were not modified by gender.

Conclusions

A bidirectional longitudinal association between pain and depressive symptoms was demonstrated, not modified by gender. Family doctors should be aware of the bidirectional association and advice individuals with pain or depressive symptoms to be screened for both kinds of symptoms.
Association between depressive symptoms and diagnosis of diabetes and its complications: A network analysis in electronic health records
Authors: Wan Cheng , Feng Wei , Ma Renyi , Ma Hui , Wang Junjie , Huang Ruochen , Zhang Xin , Jing Mang , Yang Hao , Yu Haoran , Liu Yun
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Diabetes and its complications are commonly associated with depressive symptoms, and few studies have investigated the diagnosis effect of depressive symptoms in patients with diabetes. The present study used a network-based approach to explore the association between depressive symptoms, which are annotated from electronic health record (EHR) notes by a deep learning model, and the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications.

Methods

In this study, we used anonymous admission notes of 52,139 inpatients diagnosed with T2DM at the first affiliated hospital of Nanjing Medical University from 2008 to 2016 as input for a symptom annotation model named T5-depression based on transformer architecture which helps to annotate depressive symptoms from present illness. We measured the performance of the model by using the F1 score and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). We constructed networks of depressive symptoms to examine the connectivity of these networks in patients diagnosed with T2DM, including those with certain complications.

Results

The T5-depression model achieved the best performance with an F1-score of 91.71 and an AUROC of 96.25 compared with the benchmark models. The connectivity of depressive symptoms in patients diagnosed with T2DM (p = 0.025) and hypertension (p = 0.013) showed a statistically significant increase 2 years after the diagnosis, which is consistent with the number of patients diagnosed with depression.

Conclusion

The T5-depression model proposed in this study can effectively annotate depressive symptoms in EHR notes. The connectivity of annotated depressive symptoms is associated with the diagnosis of T2DM and hypertension. The changes in the network of depressive symptoms generated by the T5-depression model could be used as an indicator for screening depression.