bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Relocatable Code for Efficient Software Update in Networked Embedded Systems
Authors: Dong Wei , Chen Chun , Bu Jiajun , Liu Wen
Published: August 2014

Recent advances in Microelectronic Mechanical Systems (MEMS) and wireless communication technologies have fostered the rapid development of networked embedded systems like wireless sensor networks. System software for these self-organizing systems often needs to be updated for a variety of reasons. We present a holistic software update (i.e., reprogramming) system called R3 for networked embedded systems. R3 has two salient features. First, the binary differencing algorithm within R3 (R3diff) ensures an optimal result in terms of the delta size under a configurable cost measure. Second, the similarity preserving method within R3 (R3sim) optimizes the binary code format for achieving a large similarity with a small metadata overhead. Overall, R3 achieves the smallest delta size compared with other software update approaches such as Stream, Rsync, RMTD, Zephyr, Hermes, and R2 (e.g., 50%--99% reduction compared to Stream and about 20%--40% reduction compared to R2). R3’s implementation on TelosB/TinyOS is lightweight and efficient. We release our code at http://code.google.com/p/r3-dongw.
FLARES
Authors: Carlo Stefano Di , Galfano Salvatore , Indaco Marco , Prinetto Paolo , Bertozzi Davide , Olivo Piero , Zambelli Cristian
Published: August 2014

With the advent of solid-state storage systems, NAND flash memories are becoming a key storage technology. However, they suffer from serious reliability and endurance issues during the operating lifetime that can be handled by the use of appropriate error correction codes (ECCs) in order to reconstruct the information when needed. Adaptable ECCs may provide the flexibility to avoid worst-case reliability design, thus leading to improved performance. However, a way to control such adaptable ECCs' strength is required. This article proposes FLARES, an algorithm able to adapt the ECC correction capability of each page of a flash based on a flash RBER prediction model and on a measurement of the number of errors detected in a given time window.

FLARES has been fully implemented within the YAFFS 2 filesystem under the Linux operating system. This allowed us to perform an extensive set of simulations on a set of standard benchmarks that highlighted the benefit of FLARES on the overall storage subsystem performances.
Preventing STT-RAM Last-Level Caches from Port Obstruction
Authors: Wang Jue , Dong Xiangyu , Xie Yuan
Published: August 2014

Many new nonvolatile memory (NVM) technologies have been heavily studied to replace the power-hungry SRAM/DRAM-based memory hierarchy in today's computers. Among various emerging NVM technologies, Spin-Transfer Torque RAM (STT-RAM) has many benefits, such as fast read latency, low leakage power, and high density, making it a promising candidate for last-level caches (LLCs).
1
However, STT-RAM write operation is expensive. In particular, a long STT-RAM cache write operation might obstruct other cache accesses and result in severe performance degradation. Consequently, how to mitigate STT-RAM write overhead is critical to the success of STT-RAM adoption. In this article, we propose an obstruction-aware cache management policy called OAP. OAP monitors cache traffic, detects LLC-obstructive processes, and differentiates the cache accesses from different processes. Our experiment on a four-core architecture with an 8MB STT-RAM L3 cache shows a 14% performance improvement and 64% energy reduction.
A brief overview of the NEBULA future internet architecture
Authors: Anderson Tom , Birman Ken , Broberg Robert , Caesar Matthew , Comer Douglas , Cotton Chase , Freedman Michael J. , Haeberlen Andreas , Ives Zachary G. , Krishnamurthy Arvind , Lehr William , Loo Boon Thau , Mazières David , Nicolosi Antonio , Smith Jonathan M. , Stoica Ion , van Renesse Robbert , Walfish Michael , Weatherspoon Hakim , Yoo Christopher S.
Published: August 2014

Nebula is a proposal for a Future Internet Architecture. It is based on the assumptions that: (1) cloud computing will comprise an increasing fraction of the application workload offered to an Internet, and (2) that access to cloud computing resources will demand new architectural features from a network. Features that we have identified include dependability, security, flexibility and extensibility, the entirety of which constitute resilience. Nebula provides resilient networking services using ultrareliable routers, an extensible control plane and use of multiple paths upon which arbitrary policies may be enforced. We report on a prototype system, Zodiac, that incorporates these latter two features.
An internet census taken by an illegal botnet
Authors: Krenc Thomas , Hohlfeld Oliver , Feldmann Anja
Published: August 2014

On March 17, 2013, an Internet census data set and an accompanying report were released by an anonymous author or group of authors. It created an immediate media buzz, mainly because of the unorthodox and unethical data collection methodology (i.e., exploiting default passwords to form the Carna botnet), but also because of the alleged unprecedented large scale of this census (even though legitimate census studies of similar and even larger sizes have been performed in the past). Given the unknown source of this released data set, little is known about it. For example, can it be ruled out that the data is faked? Or if it is indeed real, what is the quality of the released data?

The purpose of this paper is to shed light on these and related questions and put the contributions of this anonymous Internet census study into perspective. Indeed, our findings suggest that the released data set is real and not faked, but that the measurements suffer from a number of methodological flaws and also lack adequate meta-data information. As a result, we have not been able to verify several claims that the anonymous author(s) made in the published report.

In the process, we use this study as an educational example for illustrating how to deal with a large data set of unknown quality, hint at pitfalls in Internet-scale measurement studies, and discuss ethical considerations concerning third-party use of this released data set for publications.
Dynamics of Leukemia Stem-like Cell Extinction in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
Authors: Werner Benjamin , Gallagher Robert E. , Paietta Elisabeth M. , Litzow Mark R. , Tallman Martin S. , Wiernik Peter H. , Slack James L. , Willman Cheryl L. , Sun Zhuoxin , Traulsen Arne , Dingli David
Published: August 2014

Many tumors are believed to be maintained by a small number of cancer stem–like cells, where cure is thought to require eradication of this cell population. In this study, we investigated the dynamics of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) before and during therapy with regard to disease initiation, progression, and therapeutic response. This investigation used a mathematical model of hematopoiesis and a dataset derived from the North American Intergroup Study INT0129. The known phenotypic constraints of APL could be explained by a combination of differentiation blockade of PML–RARα–positive cells and suppression of normal hematopoiesis. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) neutralizes the differentiation block and decreases the proliferation rate of leukemic stem cells in vivo. Prolonged ATRA treatment after chemotherapy can cure patients with APL by eliminating the stem-like cell population over the course of approximately one year. To our knowledge, this study offers the first estimate of the average duration of therapy that is required to eliminate stem-like cancer cells from a human tumor, with the potential for the refinement of treatment strategies to better manage human malignancy. Cancer Res; 74(19); 5386–96. ©2014 AACR.
Molecular Pathways: Translational Potential of Deubiquitinases as Drug Targets
Authors: D'Arcy Pádraig , Linder Stig
Published: August 2014

The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is the main system for controlled protein degradation and a key regulator of fundamental cellular processes. The dependency of cancer cells on a functioning UPS coupled with the clinical success of bortezomib for the treatment of multiple myeloma have made the UPS an obvious target for drug development. Deubiquitinases (DUB) are components of the UPS that encompass a diverse family of ubiquitin isopeptidases that catalyze the removal of ubiquitin moieties from target proteins or from polyubiquitin chains, resulting in altered signaling or changes in protein stability. Increasing evidence has implicated deregulation of DUB activity in the initiation and progression of cancer. The altered pattern of DUB expression observed in many tumors can potentially serve as a clinical marker for predicting disease outcome and therapy response. The finding of DUB overexpression in tumor cells suggests that they may serve as novel targets for the development of anticancer therapies. Several specific and broad-spectrum DUB inhibitors are shown to have antitumor activity in preclinical in vivo models with low levels of systemic toxicity. Future studies will hopefully establish the clinical potential for DUB inhibitors as a strategy to treat cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 20(15); 3908–14. ©2014 AACR.
Common and Distinctive Pathogenetic Features of Arteriovenous Malformations in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia 1 and Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia 2 Animal Models—Brief Report
Authors: Garrido-Martin Eva M. , Nguyen Ha-Long , Cunningham Tyler A. , Choe Se-woon , Jiang Zhihua , Arthur Helen M. , Lee Young-Jae , Oh S. Paul
Published: August 2014

Objective—

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia is a genetic disorder characterized by visceral and mucocutaneous arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Clinically indistinguishable hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia 1 and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia 2 are caused by mutations in
ENG
and
ALK1
, respectively. In this study, we have compared the development of visceral and mucocutaneous AVMs in adult stages between
Eng
- and
Alk1
-inducible knockout (iKO) models.

Approach and Results—

Eng
or
Alk1
were deleted from either vascular endothelial cells (ECs) or smooth muscle cells in adult stages using Scl-CreER and Myh11-CreER lines, respectively. Latex perfusion and intravital spectral imaging in a dorsal skinfold window chamber system were used to visualize remodeling vasculature during AVM formation. Global
Eng
deletion resulted in lethality with visceral AVMs and wound-induced skin AVMs. Deletion of
Alk1
or
Eng
in ECs, but not in smooth muscle cells, resulted in wound-induced skin AVMs. Visceral AVMs were observed in EC-specific
Alk1
-iKO but not in
Eng
-iKO. Intravital spectral imaging revealed that
Eng
-iKO model exhibited more dynamic processes for AVM development when compared with
Alk1
-iKO model.

Conclusions—

Both
Alk1
- and
Eng
-deficient models require a secondary insult, such as wounding, and ECs are the primary cell type responsible for the pathogenesis. However,
Alk1
but not
Eng
deletion in ECs results in visceral AVMs.
Long-Term Follow-Up Study of Endarterectomy Versus Angioplasty in Patients With Symptomatic Severe Carotid Stenosis Trial
Authors: Mas Jean-Louis , Arquizan Caroline , Calvet David , Viguier Alain , Albucher Jean-François , Piquet Philippe , Garnier Pierre , Viader Fausto , Giroud Maurice , Hosseini Hassan , Hinzelin Grégoire , Favrole Pascal , Hénon Hilde , Neau Jean-Philippe , Ducrocq Xavier , Padovani Raymond , Milandre Loic , Rouanet François , Wolff Valérie , Saudeau Denis , Mahagne Marie-Hélène , Sablot Denis , Amarenco Pierre , Larrue Vincent , Beyssen Bernard , Leys Didier , Moulin Thierry , Lièvre Michel , Chatellier Gilles
Published: August 2014

Background and Purpose—

We aimed at comparing the long-term benefit–risk balance of carotid stenting versus endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis.

Methods—

Long-term follow-up study of patients included in Endarterectomy Versus Angioplasty in Patients With Symptomatic Severe Carotid Stenosis (EVA-3S), a randomized, controlled trial of carotid stenting versus endarterectomy in 527 patients with recently symptomatic severe carotid stenosis, conducted in 30 centers in France. The main end point was a composite of any ipsilateral stroke after randomization or any procedural stroke or death.

Results—

During a median follow-up of 7.1 years (interquartile range, 5.1–8.8 years; maximum 12.4 years), the primary end point occurred in 30 patients in the stenting group compared with 18 patients in the endarterectomy group. Cumulative probabilities of this outcome were 11.0% (95% confidence interval, 7.9–15.2) versus 6.3% (4.0–9.8) in the endarterectomy group at the 5-year follow-up (hazard ratio, 1.85; 1.00–3.40;
P
=0.04) and 11.5% (8.2–15.9) versus 7.6% (4.9–11.8; hazard ratio, 1.70; 0.95–3.06;
P
=0.07) at the 10-year follow-up. No difference was observed between treatment groups in the rates of ipsilateral stroke beyond the procedural period, severe carotid restenosis (≥70%) or occlusion, death, myocardial infarction, and revascularization procedures.

Conclusions—

The long-term benefit–risk balance of carotid stenting versus endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis favored endarterectomy, a difference driven by a lower risk of procedural stroke after endarterectomy. Both techniques were associated with low and similar long-term risks of recurrent ipsilateral stroke beyond the procedural period.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00190398.
On Dependent Ergative Case (in Shipibo) and Its Derivation by Phase
Authors: Baker Mark C.
Published: August 2014

Focusing on the Shipibo language, I defend a simple ‘‘dependent case’’ theory of ergative case marking, where ergative case is assigned to the higher of two NPs in a clausal domain. I show how apparent failures of this rule can be explained assuming that VP is a Spell-Out domain distinct from the clause, and that this bleeds ergative case assignment for c-command relationships that already exist in VP and are unchanged in CP. This accounts for the apparent underapplication of ergative case marking with ditransitives, reciprocals, and dyadic experiencer verbs, as opposed to the applicatives of unaccusative verbs, which do have ergative subjects. Finally, I show how case assignment interacts with restructuring to explain constructions in which ergative case appears to be optional.
Labeling by Minimal Search: Implications for Successive- Cyclic A-Movement and the Conception of the Postulate ‘‘Phase’’
Authors: Epstein Samuel David , Kitahara Hisatsugu , Seely T. Daniel
Published: August 2014

We argue that Chomsky’s (2013) ‘‘label identification by minimal search’’ explains ‘‘obligatory exit’’ from intermediate positions, not only in the successive-cyclic Ā-movement phenomena that Chomsky analyzes, but also in (phase-internal) successive-cyclic A-movement. Moreover, it does so by employing simplest Merge and third-factor minimal search for label identification. Our extension of Chomsky’s analysis to A-movement operates without any appeal to Merge-over- Move or to lexical arrays or subarrays. This in turn renders the concept ‘‘phase’’ itself no longer necessary in analyzing the core cases of illicit A-movement, shown to reduce to labeling failure. Implications of this result and the nature of the long-standing evidence for strict cyclicity are discussed.
God the Almighty? Observations in the Psalms
Authors: Krawelitzki Judith
Published: August 2014

The fact that the Hebrew Psalter does not characterize God as “almighty” and that only a few post-exilic Psalms approach the notion of divine omnipotence does not represent a devaluation of God’s power, but rather a definition of this power in relational and soteriological terms.
Acantholimon riyatguelii (Plumbaginaceae), a threatened new unarmed species from Central Anatolia, Turkey
Authors: Yıldırım Hasan , Crespo Manuel B.
Published: August 2014

Acantholimon riyatguelii is described as a new species. Diagnostic morphological characters, a full description and detailed illustrations are provided on the basis of the type specimen and wild exemplars. This outstanding new species is a strict gypsophyte, which is characterized by the dwarf caespitose perennial habit, not forming dense thorny cushions; leaves are homomorphic, hairy, short and quite soft, not pungent but mucronate, swollen-fleshy and calcareous-punctate; spikes are unbranched, very compact, distichous, longer than leaves; spikelets are numerous and quite regularly imbricate; and the calyx is 5-lobed, with whitish limb. These combination of morphological characters in not known in any other Turkish Acantholimon species, and allows easy identification. The main morphological traits of A. riyatguelii suggest inclusion in A. sect. Staticopsis, though in an isolated position for which a new subsection, A. subsect. Exacantha, is described. Morphological affinities and divergences to other members of that section are dicussed. Furthermore, data are reported on the conservation status of A. riyatguelii, which is suggested to be labelled as CR according to the IUCN categories.
A Taxonomic Revision of Boas (Serpentes: Boidae)
Authors: PYRON R. ALEXANDER , REYNOLDS R. GRAHAM , BURBRINK FRANK T.
Published: August 2014

Large molecular datasets including many species and loci have greatly improved our knowledge of snake phylogeny, particularly within the group including boas (Table 1). Recent taxonomic revisions using molecular phylogenies have clarified some of the previously contentious nomenclature of the group (Wilcox et al. 2002; Lawson et al. 2004; Burbrink 2005; Noonan & Chippindale 2006), resulting in a robust taxonomy that is mostly concordant with the phylogeny as currently known, which includes ~85% of described, extant species (Pyron et al. 2013; Reynolds et al. 2014). However, a few unresolved issues remain, related primarily to the rules of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (the Code hereafter) and the application of Linnaean ranks (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature et al. 1999).
Two new species of quill mites of the family Syringophilidae (Acariformes: Cheyletoidea) associated with treronine doves (Columbiformes: Columbidae: Treroninae)
Authors: KASZEWSKA KATARZYNA , KAVETSKA KATARZYNA , SKORACKI MACIEJ
Published: August 2014

Two new species of quill mites (Acariformes: Syringophilidae) associated with doves of the subfamily Treroninae (Columbiformes: Columbidae) from the Oceanian realm are described: Gunabopicobia masalaje sp. nov. from six avian host species, Ptilinopus iozonus Gray (type host) Ducula pistrinaria (Bonaparte), D. rosacea (Temminck), D. rufigaster (Quoy and Gaimard), D. spilorrhoa (Gray), D. luctuosa (Temminck), and Peristerophila lature sp. nov. also from six host species Ducula luctuosa (type host ), D. spilorrhoa, Ptilinopus jambu Gmelin, P. melanospilus Salvadori, P. porphyreus Temminck, P. regina Swainson. Additionally, Treron waalia (Meyer) is noted as a new host species for Meitingsunes columbicus Glowska and Skoracki, 2010.
How might information bolster anti-discrimination laws to promote more family-friendly workplaces?
Authors: Smith Belinda
Published: August 2014

Anti-discrimination laws by themselves have proven ineffective at countering discrimination against women and workers with caring responsibilities. This paper recommends ways that anti-discrimination laws could be made more effective by combining them with tools of information such as guidance materials. It examines the possible reasons for non-compliance and how different types of guidance materials could help address each of these compliance barriers. Ultimately, however, to achieve equality, organisations have to look internally and produce local and contextual information about how discrimination manifests and can be addressed, and this requires more than the provision of information by external agencies.
Hybrid NSGA-II algorithm on robust multi-objective inventory management problem
Authors: Lin Lin , Song Shiji
Published: August 2014

Risk management and inventory cost control are key issues in supply chain management. Based on an ( r, Q) strategy, this paper formulates a multi-layer multi-period stochastic inventory problem as a robust multi-objective model. The novelty lies in the consideration of both perturbed variables and stochastic demand in the model. The goal is to minimize the expected cost and the risk measured by conditional value at risk (CVaR). To solve this model, we propose a hybrid Non-Dominated Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) where a polynomial time algorithm is designed to obtain the optimal CVaR for a given ( r, Q). Moreover, a local search method is tailored for the NSGA-II to improve solutions. This hybrid algorithm can significantly increase the number of optimal solutions and decrease the inventory cost. Numerical results validate the effectiveness of our robust multi-objective model and the hybrid algorithm.
Social Projection Increases for Positive Targets
Authors: Machunsky Maya , Toma Claudia , Yzerbyt Vincent , Corneille Olivier
Published: August 2014

Social projection denotes the attribution of characteristics of the self to others and, therefore, increases perceived self–other similarity. The present research tests the assumption that positive but not negative targets elicit social projection. Earlier research has attributed an effect of target valence to mere consistency principles of judgment and has, thus, questioned projection processes to be the origin of self–other similarity. Building on more recent evidence, we suggest that target valence influences self–other similarity above and beyond a consistent response behavior. The results of three experiments in which target valence was manipulated through evaluative conditioning and by smiling versus neutral facial expression support our hypothesis. We discuss how cognitive versus motivated processes can account for these findings and suggest a new conceptualization of social projection whereby projection is a means to regulate social distance.
Nitrile butadiene rubber-based heat-shielding insulations for solid rocket motors
Authors: Zhao Yuan , Hu Shihao , Liu Wei , An Guangliang , Wu Zhanpeng , Wu Dezhen , Jin Riguang
Published: August 2014

Chopped polyimide (PI) fiber-filled nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) insulations for solid rocket motors were fabricated by surface modification of chopped PI fibers treated under oxygen plasma and subsequently by mixing formulation of NBR insulations on a two-roll mill. The effects of chopped PI fibers’ surface modification on the mechanical and ablative properties were investigated. Results showed that excellent mechanical and ablative properties of the NBR insulations were attributable to the high thermal stability and unique interfacial interactions between fiber and the matrix because of the rougher surface character of modified chopped PI fibers. The microstructures of insulation and ablated charred layers were also characterized by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy.
The French-Canadian validation of a disease-specific, patient-reported outcome measure for lupus
Authors: Bourré-Tessier J , Clarke A E , Kosinski M , Mikolaitis-Preuss R A , Bernatsky S , Block J A , Jolly M
Published: August 2014

Objectives

The objective of this paper is to perform the cross-cultural validation of the French version of the LupusPRO, a disease-targeted patient-reported outcome measure, among systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients in Canada.

Methods

The French version of the LupusPRO and the MOS SF-36 were administered; demographic, clinical and serological characteristics were obtained. Disease activity (SELENA-SLEDAI and the Lupus Foundation of America definition of flare) and damage (SLICC/ACR SDI) were assessed. Physician disease activity and damage assessments were ascertained using visual analog scales. Internal consistency reliability (ICR), test-retest reliability (TRT), convergent and discriminant validity (against corresponding domains of the SF-36), criterion validity (against disease activity, damage or health status) and known group validity were tested.

Results

A total of 99 French-Canadian SLE patients participated (97% women, mean (SD) age 45.2 (14.5) years). The median (IQR) SELENA-SLEDAI and SDI were 3.5 (6.0) and 1.0 (2.0), respectively. The ICR of the LupusPRO domains ranged from 0.81 to 0.93 (except for lupus symptoms, procreation and coping), while TRT ranged from 0.72 to 0.95. Convergent and discriminant validity, criterion validity and known group validity against disease activity, damage and health status measures were observed. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit.

Conclusion

The LupusPRO has fair psychometric properties among French-Canadian patients with SLE.
Voiceless ends: Melville’s Benito Cereno and the translator in narrative discourse
Authors: Boyden Michael
Published: August 2014

The first part of this article confronts the ways in which translation scholars have drawn on insights from narratology to make sense of the translator’s involvement in narrative texts. It first considers competing metaphors for conceptualizing the translator’s involvement, arguing for a clearer differentiation between modes of framing and telling. Next, it evaluates the ways in which translation scholars have attempted to integrate the translator as a separate textual agent in governing models of narrative communication, concluding that the conceptual gains to be reaped from positing the translator as a separate enunciator or agent in narrative transactions are limited. The second part of the article analyzes two Dutch translations of Herman Melville’s novella Benito Cereno, by Johan Palm (1950) and Jean Schalekamp (1977) respectively. Rather than striving to isolate the translators as separate tellers or co-producers of narrative structure, the analysis reveals that their agency shows foremost in the ways the ‘voiceless’ narrative of New World slavery is perspectivized in view of changing readerly expectations.
Tenses in translation: Benveniste’s ‘discourse’ and ‘historical narration’ in the first-person novel
Authors: Mallier Clara
Published: August 2014

This article deals with Emile Benveniste’s theory of enunciation (see ‘Subjectivity in Language’ and ‘The Correlations of Tense in the French Verb’ in Problems in General Linguistics, 1971 [1966] and ‘L’appareil formel de l’énonciation’ in Problèmes de linguistique générale, tome 2, 1970), in particular his distinction between historical narration and discourse, and the way it applies to the translation of first-person fiction. In French narratives, the main tense of discourse is the passé composé, which is related to the time of enunciation, while the tense of historical narration is traditionally the passé simple, which is related to the moment of the events reported. The passé composé thus draws attention to the narrating I’s retrospective gaze, while the passé simple reflects the experiencing I’s perspective within the story. This raises complex issues of translation because the narrative use of the passé composé has no equivalent in English, so that the distinction between the perspectives of the retrospective narrator and of his former self are expressed differently in the two languages. This article explores the impact of this phenomenon on four different French translations of Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby (Llona, 1926; Tournier, 1996; Wolkenstein, 2011 and Jaworski, 2012).
Positioning translators: Voices, views and values in translation
Authors: Hermans Theo
Published: August 2014

Starting from a set of examples of translations in which translators use paratextual or code-switching devices to voice reservations about the works they are translating, I explore the similarities between this type of translation and what Dorrit Cohn calls discordant narration. I go on to argue in favour of viewing translation as a form of reported discourse, more particularly what Relevance theory calls echoic (and in some cases ironic) speech, a species of interpretive discourse in which the speaker’s attitude towards the words being reported is relevant. Viewing translation as reported discourse implies that the translated words are embedded in the translator’s reporting discourse. I conclude by suggesting that it is up to the reader to make a translator’s attitude relevant, and that deictic shifts from the framing to the framed discourse enable the reader to discern or construe the translator’s positioning.
Resilience in Work-Related Stress Among Female Sex Workers in Hong Kong
Authors: Yuen Winnie Wing-Yan , Wong William Chi-Wai , Holroyd Eleanor , Tang Catherine So-Kum
Published: August 2014

The literature on positive psychology and resilience demonstrates that individuals utilize their personal strengths and environmental resources to facilitate positive adaptation. Using a qualitative approach, we investigated how these frameworks operated as self-protective strategies for female sex workers to maintain their psychological and physical well-being under stressful socioeconomic and work-related conditions. Twenty-three female sex workers in Hong Kong participated in in-depth interviews. We used the grounded theory approach for data analysis. The informants reported negative feelings in response to financial burden, clients’ demands, threats to physical health, and stigma. Some female sex workers showed their resilience by being able to rationalize their role, believe their ability to make a change in life, and stay optimistic. They adopted strategies including emotional regulation and acceptance of their responsibility and limits to cope with stressful life events. The results help us understand the role of positive psychology and resilience in this vulnerable population.
Effects of surface texturing in steady-state and transient flow conditions: Two-dimensional numerical simulation using a mass-conserving cavitation model
Authors: Gherca A , Fatu A , Hajjam M , Maspeyrot P
Published: August 2014

This paper presents a numerical investigation on the influence of surface texturing on the hydrodynamic performance of a two-dimensional parallel slider bearing operating in both steady-state and transient lubrication. The tribological behavior of the bearing is evaluated by means of a mass-conserving cavitation model based on a finite element discretization of a modified version of the unstationary Reynolds equation. While considering the impact of the operating parameters, the influence of various geometrical features such as the texture ratio, the texture density, or the dimple depth is determined by means of an extended parametric study. Furthermore, particular attention is given to the lubrication mechanisms describing the potential effects produced by texturing the moving pad of the bearing. Thus, it is shown that a textured moving surface can contribute to the generation of hydrodynamic lift on the basis of a squeeze effect being produced at the leading edge of the textured region. Finally, the study reveals how texturing the stationary pad and/or the moving pad of the bearing affects hydrodynamic performance. The analyses show that, for an applied load, texturing the moving pad of the bearing instead of the stationary one leads to a decrease in film thickness, while texturing both pads produces optimum bearing performance.
Late-onset ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency: An under recognized cause of metabolic encephalopathy
Authors: Rush Eric T , Hartmann Julianne E , Skrabal Jill C , Rizzo William B
Published: August 2014

Introduction:

Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency is the most common inherited disorder of the urea cycle, has a variable phenotype, and is caused by mutations in the OTC gene. We report three cases of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency to illustrate the late-onset presentation of this disorder and provide strategies for diagnosis and treatment. The patients were maternal first cousins, presenting with hyperammonemia and obtundation. Urea cycle disorder was not initially suspected in the first patient, delaying diagnosis.

Results:

Sequencing of the OTC gene showed a novel missense mutation, c.563G > C (p.G188A). Numerous family members were found to carry this mutation, which shows a trend toward later onset. Each urea cycle disorder has its own unique pattern of biochemical abnormalities, which differ from non-metabolic causes of critical illness.

Conclusion:

Regardless of age, clinical suspicion of a urea cycle disorder is important in encephalopathic patients to ensure quick diagnosis and definitive treatment of the underlying inborn error of metabolism.
Recycling household waste: A classification of the logistics used by consumers
Authors: Monnot Elisa , Reniou Fanny , Rouquet Aurelien
Published: August 2014

This research classifies the logistics used by consumers when recycling their household waste. Through an analysis of 20 waste recyclers, we identify three types of logistics depending on the characteristics of the recycling context and the desired relationship to waste: stockpiling, just-in-time and pooling. Contributing to the field of consumer logistics, our research shows that for the consumer recycling is not just a question of motivation and context, but also of logistics.
Microstructural and mechanical study of PCL coated Mg scaffolds
Authors: Yazdimamaghani M. , Razavi M. , Vashaee D. , Tayebi L.
Published: August 2014

In recent years, attention has been focused on the magnesium (Mg) as a promising material in biodegradable metallic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Since an orthopedic scaffold is supposed to repair and regenerate fractured bones, its mechanical integrity is vital throughout the healing process. In this study, a biocompatible polymeric layer made of polycaprolactone (PCL) in different concentrations of 3% w/v and 6% w/v was coated on the surface of Mg scaffolds. The structural characteristics and mechanical behaviour of the Mg scaffolds during the immersion in physiological saline solution (PSS) were investigated. According to our results, the PCL coating hindered the diminution of mechanical stability of scaffolds to provide adequate support for bone healing. Specifically, scaffold coated with 3% w/v and 6% w/v PCL demonstrated 24 and 100% improvement in the elastic modulus and 41 and 83% enhancement in compressive strength respectively, after 24 h immersion in PSS, compare to the uncoated scaffold. Thus, PCL coating of Mg scaffolds may be a promising approach in the development of mechanically stable bone scaffolds.
Metallic hairpin inhalation: A healthcare problem facing young Muslim females
Authors: Rizk Nabil , Gwely Noor E , Biron Vincent L , Hamza Usama
Published: August 2014

Objectives

To perform an epidemiological assessment of metallic hairpin inhalation in young Muslim females and highlight the need for a health education program in this population.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of females with a history of metallic hairpin inhalation presenting to the Otolaryngology and Cardiothoracic Surgery Departments at Mansoura University Hospitals from January 2000 to October 2006.

Results

A total of 83 patients were identified with metallic hairpin inhalation, of which 2 were excluded as they were coughed and expelled by the patient. Ages ranged from 7 to 19 years. A history of inhaled foreign body (FB) was found in all cases but the majority of patients were asymptomatic, with only 6 patients (7%) presenting with cough. Chest x-rays confirmed the presence of metallic hairpin inhalation in all cases. The metallic hairpins were present in the trachea in 7 patients (9%), in the left bronchial tree in 43 patients (53%) and in the right bronchial tree in 31 patients (38%). Rigid bronchoscopy was performed in all patients with a retrieval rate of 80%. Repeat bronchoscopy was performed in 16 patients (20%), which was successful in 11 patients (14%). The remaining 5 patients required thoracotomy for removal of the metallic hairpin (6%).

Conclusion

The significant number of inhaled metallic hairpins in young Muslim females highlights the need for a health education program in this population. Rigid bronchoscopy remains the primary tool for retrieval of these inhaled foreign bodies. However, when repeat broncoscopy is necessitated, a thoracotomy may be required.
Preventing ‘deaths by indifference’: identification of reasonable adjustments is key
Authors: Tuffrey-Wijne Irene , Hollins Sheila
Published: August 2014

People with intellectual disabilities are at risk of premature death due to failings in healthcare provision. To prevent this, it is important for healthcare services to identify and flag not only vulnerable conditions (including intellectual disability, dementia and mental health problems), but also the specific adjustments needed by individual patients.
Stigma creating stigma: a vicious circle
Authors: Dinos Sokratis
Published: August 2014

Despite anti-stigma campaigns in the UK in recent years, the experiences of people with mental health problems indicate that stigma is still a major problem. The stigma of being a member of a socially excluded group, based on socioeconomic, personal or cultural/ethnic characteristics, should be considered alongside the stigma of mental illness. Membership of a stigmatised group (not based on mental illness) is often itself a risk factor for developing mental health problems. This article discusses the experiences of people from Black and minority ethnic and lesbian, gay and bisexual groups to explore how stigma can create more stigma.
Does Brand Licensing Increase a Licensor's Shareholder Value?
Authors: Robinson Adina Bărbulescu , Tuli Kapil R. , Kohli Ajay K.
Published: August 2014

This study examines 171 brand licensing announcements and subsequent changes in the licensor firms' shareholder values using the event study method. We find that although brand licensing announcements lead to positive abnormal returns on average, nearly 44% of the announcements in our sample are followed by negative abnormal returns. We argue that investors react more favorably to a brand licensing announcement when they believe (i) the brand has greater ability to stimulate licensee product sales (and thus generate higher royalties for the licensor) and (ii) the licensor firm has greater ability to limit licensee opportunism (and thus limit brand dilution and its adverse effect on sales of other products marketed under the brand name). In line with our hypotheses related to a brand's ability to stimulate licensee product sales, the study's findings suggest that investors react more favorably to announcements involving brands with greater brand fit and greater brand breadth. However, investors appear to react less favorably to announcements involving brands with higher advertising investments. In line with our hypotheses related to a licensor firm's ability to limit licensee opportunism, the study's findings suggest that investors react more favorably to announcements involving larger licensors; however, investors' reactions do not appear to be influenced by licensor firms' licensing experience.

This paper was accepted by Pradeep Chintagunta, marketing.
In Your Workplace
Authors: White Graham
Published: August 2014

NHS Trust HR director Graham White provides an insight into people and workplace issues
Impact on outcome of a targeted performance improvement programme in haemodynamically unstable patients with a pelvic fracture
Authors: Perkins Z. B. , Maytham G. D. , Koers L. , Bates P. , Brohi K. , Tai N. R. M.
Published: August 2014

We describe the impact of a targeted performance improvement programme and the associated performance improvement interventions, on mortality rates, error rates and process of care for haemodynamically unstable patients with pelvic fractures. Clinical care and performance improvement data for 185 adult patients with exsanguinating pelvic trauma presenting to a United Kingdom Major Trauma Centre between January 2007 and January 2011 were analysed with univariate and multivariate regression and compared with National data. In total 62 patients (34%) died from their injuries and opportunities for improved care were identified in one third of deaths.

Three major interventions were introduced during the study period in response to the findings. These were a massive haemorrhage protocol, a decision-making algorithm and employment of specialist pelvic orthopaedic surgeons. Interventions which improved performance were associated with an annual reduction in mortality (odds ratio 0.64 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.44 to 0.93), p = 0.02), a reduction in error rates (p = 0.024) and significant improvements in the targeted processes of care. Exsanguinating patients with pelvic trauma are complex to manage and are associated with high mortality rates; implementation of a targeted performance improvement programme achieved sustained improvements in mortality, error rates and trauma care in this group of severely injured patients.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:1090–7.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of patient-specific instrumentation for improving alignment of the components in total knee replacement
Authors: Thienpont E. , Schwab P. E. , Fennema P.
Published: August 2014

We conducted a meta-analysis, including randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies, to examine the effect of patient-specific instruments (PSI) on radiological outcomes after total knee replacement (TKR) including: mechanical axis alignment and malalignment of the femoral and tibial components in the coronal, sagittal and axial planes, at a threshold of > 3º from neutral. Relative risks (RR) for malalignment were determined for all studies and for RCTs and cohort studies separately.

Of 325 studies initially identified, 16 met the eligibility criteria, including eight RCTs and eight cohort studies. There was no significant difference in the likelihood of mechanical axis malalignment with PSI versus conventional TKR across all studies (RR = 0.84, p = 0.304), in the RCTs (RR = 1.14, p = 0.445) or in the cohort studies (RR = 0.70, p = 0.289). The results for the alignment of the tibial component were significantly worse using PSI TKR than conventional TKR in the coronal and sagittal planes (RR = 1.75, p = 0.028; and RR = 1.34, p = 0.019, respectively, on pooled analysis). PSI TKR showed a significant advantage over conventional TKR for alignment of the femoral component in the coronal plane (RR = 0.65, p = 0.028 on pooled analysis), but not in the sagittal plane (RR = 1.12, p = 0.437). Axial alignment of the tibial (p = 0.460) and femoral components (p = 0.127) was not significantly different.

We conclude that PSI does not improve the accuracy of alignment of the components in TKR compared with conventional instrumentation.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014; 96-B:1052–61.
Low velocity whiplash injury (LVWI)
Authors: Shah N. , Matthews S.
Published: August 2014

Whiplash injury is surrounded by controversy in both the medical and legal world. The debate on whether it is either a potentially serious medical condition or a social problem is ongoing. This paper briefly examines a selection of studies on low velocity whiplash injury (LVWI) and whiplash associated disorder (WAD) and touches upon the pathophysiological and epidemiological considerations, cultural and geographical differences and the effect of litigation on chronicity. The study concludes that the evidence for significant physical injury after LVWI is poor, and if significant disability is present after such injury, it will have to be explained in terms of psychosocial factors.
Approaching the Paranormal
Authors: Laycock Joseph P.
Published: August 2014

This issue of Nova Religio is devoted to “the paranormal,” focusing specifically on discourses rejected by mainstream religion and traditional science. The authors explore the historic and cultural significance of such topics as hauntings, séances, alien abductions, and more generally the concept of “paranormal” as a category of religious beliefs. These articles contribute to what may be a new focal area in the study of new and emerging religions.
Ulysses by Numbers
Authors: Bulson Eric
Published: August 2014

Why is James Joyce’s Ulysses as long as it is? Using word counts from the thirteen and a quarter episodes that appeared in the Little Review, this essay is one attempt to get into the novel’s numerical unconscious and explains how its genetic evolution was significantly shaped by the material constraints of serial production.
Theorizing Research Practices We Forgot to Theorize Twenty Years Ago
Authors: Underwood Ted
Published: August 2014

Quantitative methods have been central to the humanities since scholars began relying on full-text search to map archives. But the intellectual implications of search technology are rendered opaque by humanists’ habit of considering algorithms as arbitrary tools. To reflect more philosophically, and creatively, on the hermeneutic options available to us, humanists may need to converse with disciplines that understand algorithms as principled epistemological theories. We need computer science, in other words, not as a source of tools but as a theoretical interlocutor.
Conversion of Biomass-Derived Furfuryl Alcohol into Ethyl Levulinate Catalyzed by Solid Acid in Ethanol
Authors: Zhao Geng , Hu Lei , Sun Yong , Zeng Xianhai , Lin Lu
Published: August 2014

A green and efficient process was developed for the conversion of biomass-derived furfuryl alcohol to ethyl levulinate using eco-friendly solid acid catalysts (zeolites and sulfated oxides) in ethanol. Studies for optimizing the reaction conditions such as the substrate concentration, the reaction time, the temperature, and the catalyst loading dosage were performed. With SO42−/TiO2 as the catalyst, a high ethyl levulinate yield of 74.6 mol% was achieved using a catalyst load of 5 wt% at 398 K for 2.0 h. The catalyst recovered through calcination was found to maintain good catalytic activity (47.8 mol%) after three cycles, and it was easily reactivated by re-soaking in H2SO4 solution. Catalyst characterization was based on BET surface area, NH3-TPD, and elemental analysis techniques.
Disagreements between clients and family members regarding clients’ hearing and rehabilitation within audiology appointments for older adults
Authors: Ekberg Katie , Meyer Carly , Scarinci Nerina , Grenness Caitlin , Hickson Louise
Published: August 2014

Family members are significantly affected by the consequences of hearing impairment and can potentially play an important role in a client's hearing rehabilitation. This paper uses two types of interaction analysis (Roter Interaction Analysis System (RIAS) and Conversation Analysis (CA)) to examine family member participation in a corpus of 17 video-recorded initial audiology appointments. RIAS results demonstrated that family members’ primary active communication role in consultations involved information provision. The CA findings supported this, and additionally identified that when family members provided additional information, it was often in disaffiliation with clients’ descriptions. In particular, disaffiliation arose concerning the extent of the client's hearing difficulties and the client's hearing rehabilitation needs. These ‘disagreements’ between clients and family members are analysed in detail, including how they were typically responded to by the audiologist. The implications of these disagreements are discussed in relation to family-centred care and effective rehabilitation in audiology.