bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifikasi pisang apuy sebagai kultivar unggul lokal kabupaten Majalengka
Authors: Wijaya Acep Atma
Published: April 2020

The development of local cultivars is one of the activities that must be carried out in promoting their respective regions. Majalengka Regency is a developing Regency so there is a need for a commodity that characterizes the area. One commodity that can be developed for tourist attraction is the local Apuy Banana. The existence of Apuy bananas is increasingly pushed every year due to the presence of other superior banana cultivars, besides that the public's knowledge of the characteristics of Apuy's local bananas is still very diverse so it needs information about the characteristics of local Apuy bananas, so that the community can be uniform. The purpose of this study is to explore and identify local Apuy bananas as superior banana ingredients in Majalengka Regency. This study uses a census method of local Apuy cultivars, Pisang Raja Dakit and Pisang Raja Lemongrass. The results showed there was diversity between Apuy Local Bananas, Raja Dengkel Bananas and Raja Sereh Bananas in terms of Morphological characters. Based on the results of relationship analysis, the level of similarity between genotypes observed was in the range of 77 to 92,51.
Pengaruh fortifikasi ekstrak kulit buah naga super merah (Hylocereus costaricensis) terhadap kandungan antioksidan tape singkong kuning (Manihot utilissima Pohl)
Authors: Ni’matusyukriyah Ni’matusyukriyah , Swasono Muh. Aniar Hari
Published: April 2020

The super red dragon fruit peels waste that is under utilized by the people and prefers to be thrown away, has a lot of nutrient content over the fruit flesh, and the decline in people's interest in fermented cassava causes the loss of cassava farmers. Therefore, it is necessary to do research on the innovation of fermented cassava which also adds value to the nutritional content. This study aims to determine the effect of the addition of super red dragon fruit peels percentage and the addition of yeast percentage to antioxidant activity. The method used in the study of the manufacture of antioxidant fortified yellow cassava using factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of 2 factors, the first factor consists of 3 levels and the second factor consists of 3. Of the two factors obtained 6 combinations of treatments. Each treatment was repeated three times, so that 18 treatment combinations were obtained. Tests carried out include physicochemical tests (antioxidant activity, pH, color intensity) and organoleptic tests (color, aroma, taste and texture). Analysis of physicochemical test using ANOVA. If it is significantly different, then it is followed by the Tukey method and to find the best treatment according to physicochemical parameters using the Zelleny method. Organoleptic test analysis uses the Friedman test and to find the best treatment according to organoleptic parameters using Effectiveness Index. The results of this study indicate that the combination treatment of the addition of super red dragon fruit peels by 30% w/v and the percentage yeast of 0.4% w/w is the best results according to physicochemical test parameters with the following characteristics: DPPH% Inhibition (83.115%), pH (4.53), L color intensity (50.2), Color intensity a + (47.7), Color intensity b + (12,32). The best treatment organoleptic test was obtained from a combination of treatment the percentage of the addition of super red dragon fruit peels by 30% b / v and the percentage of yeast 0.4% b / b provided that the average color organoleptic test score was 3.97 (likes), flavor 3 , 77 (likes), texture 2.77 (enough), taste 3.5 (likes).
Crisis renal de esclerodermia en una paciente transplantada renal: reporte de un caso
Authors: Nieto-Ríos John Fredy
Published: April 2020

La crisis renal es una complicación con importante morbilidad y mortalidad en pacientes con esclerodermia y una rara entidad en trasplante renal, que se puede presentar con manifestaciones clínicas muy variables, principalmente hipertensión arterial, falla renal aguda y compromiso multisistémico. A continuación se reporta el caso de una paciente con recurrencia tardía de la crisis esclerodérmica en el trasplante renal, que recibió tratamiento exitoso con inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina
Pendampingan Siswa SMP Dan SMA Dalam Memainkan Alat Musik Tradisional Sasando Daun Untuk Melestarikan Alat Musik Tradisional Etnik Nusa Tenggara Timur
Authors: Basri Muntasyir , Jutomo Lewi , Edon Caro David Hadel , Mayners Marline , Awaluddin Sri Prilmayanti
Published: April 2020

This community service aims to empower junior and senior high school students to improve their knowledge, abilities and skills in playing NTT ethnic traditional musical instruments as an effort to preserve local culture, especially traditional musical instruments. Implementation methods are designed based on community empowerment methods including identification of schools and target participants, preparation of training tools and materials, provision of materials, introduction of sasando daun traditional musical instruments, recognition of tone and sound, training and use of playing sasando daun traditional musical instruments and monitoring and evaluation and sustainability. This activity is carried out on St. Catholic Catholic Middle School students Familia and Kupang Superior Generation Christian High School, each 20 students. The results of the activity showed that as many as 40 participants were able to play the Sasando Daun  traditional musical instrument skillfully, skillfully and well. It is expected that with the presence of 40 students the students will be able to direct and motivate other students to play the traditional Sasando Daun musical instrument so as to be able to preserve the NTT ethnic culture, especially maintaining the ability to play this instrument. For the continuation of the activities of all these students will be included in the appearance of the traditional Sasando Daun musical instrument play in various events in Kupang and outside Kupang and formed the Sasando Traditional Music Art Unit.
ANALISIS PERSEPSI KUALITAS, KEPUASAN PELANGGAN DAN REPUTASI PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP MINAT ULANG MENGGUNAKAN JASA TRANSPORTASI
Authors: Wolok Tineke
Published: April 2020

The concept of customer satisfaction is important for marketing managers where customer satisfaction can encourage repeat purchases. Consumer satisfaction is an important asset for the company because it can be used as an indicator of the company's quality and income in the future. The population of this study was 137 passengers a month. Determination of the number of samples in this study using a statistical approach, the sample size in the study amounted to 58 respondents. the results of the analysis and discussion above, the conclusions that can be drawn in this study are as follows: (1) Simultaneous problems between the influence of perceived quality, customer satisfaction and company reputation simultaneously have a significant effect on re-interest in using Gorontalo Tour & Travel transportation services. The partial problem between the influence of perceived quality, customer satisfaction and company reputation has a significant effect on re-interest in using Gorontalo Tour & Travel transportation services.

Keywords: Quality Perception, Customer Perception, Company Problems, Retention using Transportation
Kesulitan Siswa Kelas XII MIA SMA Negeri Di Kota Palangka Raya Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019 Dalam Memahami Konsep Sel Elektrolisis Yang Ditelusuri Menggunakan Instrumen Two Tier Multiple Choiche
Authors: Febyanti Anastasia Dimas , Sidauruk Suandi , Fatah Abdul Hadjranul
Published: April 2020

Sel elektrolisis merupakan ilmu yang mempelajari proses perubahan energi listrik menjadi energi kimia. Sel elektrolisis khususnya sangat berkaitan dengan kehidupan sehari-hari sehingga menjadi salah satu hal penting dalam bidang kimia, namun konsep ini sendiri memiliki tingkat keabstrakan yang cukup tinggi. Keabstrakan ini merupakan salah satu penyebab siswa mengalami kesulitan dalam memahami konsep kimia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kesulitan siswa kelas XII MIA SMA Negeri di kota Palangka Raya tahun ajaran 2018/2019 dalam memahami konsep sel elektrolisis yang ditelusuri menggunakan instrumen two tier multiple choice. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XII MIA yang berjumlah 265 siswa. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada semester genap tahun ajaran 2018/2019. Data kesulitan siswa dijaring menggunakan Tes Pemahaman Konsep Sel Elektrolisis (TPKSE) dan dilakukan wawancara terhadap siswa yang mengalami kesulitan. Data yang telah diperoleh kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa presentase jumlah siswa yang mengalami kesulitan dalam memahami konsep elektrolisis sebesar 68,39%.
Radionuclide therapy with alpha-emitters
Authors: Dzhuzha D. , Myasoyedov S.
Published: April 2020

In this review the main streams of using alpha-emitters radium-223, actinium-225, bismuth-213, astatine-211 in complex treatment of malignant tumors are reviewed. The features of radiobiological actions of alpha-emission make its more effective in hundred times than beta-emission. The efficacy of this kind of radionuclide therapy does not dependent from chemoresistance and radioresistance to beta-emitters. The results of experimental and initial clinical investigation, which indicate on promising further investigations in this direction, were revealed.
Key words: radionuclide therapy of malignant tumors, alpha-emitters, radium-223, actinium-225, bismuth-213, astatine-211.
As ciências sociais fazem as malas e contribuem para o estudo das viagens e do turismo
Authors: Brito Francisco Emanuel Matos
Published: April 2020

Este artigo analisa a viagem e o turismo, entendidos como empreendimentos nos quais as pessoas buscam distinção e status, engajam-se em atividades recreativas e até de aprendizado sobre a realidade dos locais visitados. Neste processo, utilizo o aporte teórico das ciências sociais, evidenciando a importância desta contribuição para a análise da atividade turística Abordo, também, a implementação desenfreada do turismo de massa induzida pelos empréstimos das instituições multilaterais e as críticas a este dirigidas pelos estudiosos e pelas populações dos destinos. Analiso o surgimento de algumas formas alternativas de turismo – enquanto resultantes deste processo – que, decorridos alguns anos de implementação, repetem muitos dos problemas causados pelo turismo de massa, tornando-se também alvo de muitas críticas.
The articulated peasant:
Authors: Menezes Marilda Aparecida de
Published: April 2020

Sem resumo.
Ancoragem institucional do desenvolvimento territorial rural na América Latina:
Authors: Gómez Jorge Montenegro
Published: April 2020

Ao longo da última década, o desenvolvimento territorial rural se constitui na principal orientação das políticas de desenvolvimento rural, especialmente na América Latina. Instituições internacionais e regionais importantes (como BM, BID, IICA ou agências de cooperação internacional de países como EUA, Alemanha e Espanha), reunidas no Grupo Interagencial para o Desenvolvimento Rural em América Latina e Caribe, apóiam a elaboração, implementação e difusão deste novo modelo de desenvolvimento por todos os países latino-americanos. Este trabalho objetiva entender esse processo como uma poderosa estratégia de controle social, fundamentada em generosos recursos financeiros, em uma intelligentsia bem treinada e em uma hegemonia sem contestação. Uma rede de saberes, práticas e poderes ao serviço da reificada utopia capitalista: o desenvolvimento.
Pesquisa e agricultura familiar
Authors: Mota Dalva Maria da , Schmitz Heribert , Freitas Minelvina Nascimento
Published: April 2020

O artigo objetiva incentivar o debate sobre a relação entre pesquisa e agricultura familiar num contexto de reconhecimento desse segmento como categoria social e de ação política. Argumenta quanto à necessidade de políticas e ações especiais para a agricultura familiar, particularmente, da pesquisa “para” e “com” os agricultores, segundo arranjos variáveis.
When Does the Onset of Multiple Stellar Populations in Star Clusters Occur? III. No Evidence of Significant Chemical Variations in Main-sequence Stars of NGC 419
Authors: Li Chengyuan , Wang Yue , Tang Baitian , Milone Antonino P. , Yang Yujiao , Ji Xin
Published: April 2020

Recent studies have revealed that the onset age for the presence of multiple stellar populations (MPs) in star clusters seems to correspond to the disappearance of the extended main-sequence turnoff in young clusters, a pattern associated with stellar rotations. A speculative suggestion is that MPs might be caused by the magnetic brake, a stellar evolutionary effect linked to rotation. In this work, we use the young massive cluster NGC 419 as a testbed. We examined if its magnetically baked MS stars would exhibit MPs. Using the deep ultraviolet and visible images observed through the Hubble Space Telescope, combined with a specific color index that is sensitive to the nitrogen (N) abundance, we examined if its late G- and K-type MS stars are affected by N variation. Our analysis reports that the morphology of its GK-type MS is most likely a simple stellar population, and only a negligible probability, which indicates a N variation up to 0.4 dex is present. We therefore conclude that there is no significant N variation among its GK-type MS stars. The absence of a significant chemical variation among the late-type MS stars indicates that MPs might not be a specific pattern of magnetically braked stars.
Proxima Centauri b: A Strong Case for Including Cosmic-Ray-induced Chemistry in Atmospheric Biosignature Studies
Authors: Scheucher M. , Herbst K. , Schmidt V. , Grenfell J. L. , Schreier F. , Banjac S. , Heber B. , Rauer H. , Sinnhuber M.
Published: April 2020

Due to its Earth-like minimum mass of 1.27 M
E and its close proximity to our solar system, Proxima Centauri b is one of the most interesting exoplanets for habitability studies. Its host star, Proxima Centauri, is however a strongly flaring star, which is expected to provide a very hostile environment for potentially habitable planets. We perform a habitability study of Proxima Centauri b assuming an Earth-like atmosphere under high stellar particle bombardment, with a focus on spectral transmission features. We employ our extensive model suite calculating energy spectra of stellar particles, their journey through the planetary magnetosphere, ionosphere, and atmosphere, ultimately providing planetary climate and spectral characteristics, as outlined in Herbst et al. Our results suggest that together with the incident stellar energy flux, high particle influxes can lead to efficient heating of the planet well into temperate climates, by limiting CH4 amounts, which would otherwise run into antigreenhouse for such planets around M stars. We identify some key spectral features relevant for future spectral observations: First, NO2 becomes the major absorber in the visible, which greatly impacts the Rayleigh slope. Second, H2O features can be masked by CH4 (near-infrared) and CO2 (mid- to far-infrared), making them nondetectable in transmission. Third, O3 is destroyed and instead HNO3 features become clearly visible in the mid- to far-infrared. Lastly, assuming a few percent of CO2 in the atmosphere, CO2 absorption at 5.3 μm becomes significant (for flare and nonflare cases), strongly overlapping with a flare related NO feature in Earth’s atmosphere.
NuSTAR and Chandra Observations of the Galactic Center Nonthermal X-Ray Filament G0.13–0.11: A Pulsar-wind-nebula-driven Magnetic Filament
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Zhu Zhenlin , Li Hui , Pasham Dheeraj , Li Zhiyuan , Clavel Maïca , Baganoff Frederick K. , Perez Kerstin , Mori Kaya , Hailey Charles J.
Published: April 2020

One of the most unique phenomena in the Galactic center region is the existence of numerous long and narrow filamentary structures within a few hundred parsecs of Sgr A⋆. While more than 100 radio filaments have been revealed by MeerKAT, only about two dozen X-ray filaments have been discovered so far. In this article, we report our analysis of deep Chandra and NuSTAR observations of a nonthermal X-ray filament, G0.13–0.11, which is located adjacent to the Radio Arc. Chandra revealed a unique morphology of G0.13–0.11, which is an elongated (0.1 pc in width and 3.2 pc in length) structure slightly bent toward the Radio Arc. A pulsar candidate (Γ ∼ 1.4) is detected in the middle of the filament, with a tail of diffuse nonthermal X-ray emission on one side of the filament. The filament is detected by NuSTAR up to 79 keV, with the hard X-ray centroid consistent with the pulsar candidate. We found that the X-ray intensity decays along the filament farther away from the pulsar candidate, dropping to half of its peak value 2.2 pc away. This system is most likely a pulsar wind nebula (PWN) interacting with the ambient interstellar magnetic field, where the filaments are kinetic jets from the PWN as recently proposed. The nature of this filament adds to the complex origin of X-ray filaments, which serve as powerful tools for probing local and global powerful particle accelerators in the Galactic center.
“Defense of the Ancients”, Gamification in Learning: Improvement of Student’s Social Skills
Authors: Ratnawati Nurul , Sukamto Sukamto , Ruja I Nyoman , Wahyuningtyas Neni
Published: April 2020

This article introduces a learning innovation called the Dota learning model. Dota (Defense of the Ancients) actually is a game or fortress defense game that is in great interest among various groups. This game inspires the researcher to adapt and adopt into a learning model. The Dota learning model provides an opportunity for students to train critical thinking, train cooperation, improve competitive spirit between teams, and be able to play the emotions of students. The research method used in this study is a research and development with an ADDIE (Analyze-Design-Development-Implementation-Evaluation) model. The feasibility of the Dota learning model is validated by learning design expert, educator, and students. The learning design validation score is 85%, the educator validation score is 95%, and the student’s validation score is 80%. Based on the result, it can be concluded that the Dota learning model that developed has been valid and feasible to use
O programa de educação tutorial educação física do CEFD/UFES: desmontando monumentos e construindo uma história (1994 – 2018)
Authors: Gama Jean Carlos Freitas , Santos Wagner dos , Schneider Omar
Published: April 2020

Objetiva compreender a configuração e os impactos do Programa de Educação Tutorial Educação Física do/no Cefd/Ufes, entre os anos de 1994 a 2017. Buscamos entender qua(is) proposta(s) formativa(s) se constituíram em diferentes momentos no programa. Como fontes, faz uso do acervo de materiais localizados no arquivo do PET EF e no Cefd/Ufes, das produções do grupo, dos documentos externos de regulamentação e legislação do programa. Percebemos que o grupo realizou atividades que englobaram ensino, pesquisa e extensão e sofreu diversas mudanças, passando de Programa Especial de Treinamento à Programa de Educação Tutorial. Além disso, o PET EF se desenvolveu em meio às lutas de representação e resistiu taticamente em frente às estratégias impostas.
Effect of Electroless Ni-P Plating on the Bonding Strength of PbTe Thermoelectric Module Using Silver Alloy-Based Brazing
Authors: Bae Sung Hwa , Choi Joon Young , Son Injoon
Published: April 2020

This study investigates a brazing method for manufacturing PbTe thermoelectric modules using a Ag-based filler metal with a melting point of about 650 °C. To improve the bonding strength between the Ag-based brazing layer and the PbTe thermoelectric module, an electroless Ni-P plating layer is formed on the surface of the thermoelectric module as a diffusion barrier layer. The bonding strength of the PbTe thermoelectric module manufactured by the electroless Ni-P plating and Ag-based brazing has a high value of approximately 8.3 MPa. No defects such as pores or cracks were observed at the bonding interface between the thermoelectric element and the brazing layer. Furthermore, because of the high bonding strength of the manufactured thermoelectric module, fractures occur inside the thermoelectric element rather than at the bonding interface. Accordingly, the electroless Ni-P plating and Ag-based brazing method proposed in this study is found to be effective in manufacturing PbTe-based thermoelectric modules with high bonding strength.
Simultaneous Synthesis and Densification of Carbon Nano-Materials Dispersed Boron Carbide Composites Using Pulsed Electric-Current Pressure Sintering (PECPS)
Authors: Hirota Ken , Hirahara Hironobu , Masaki Kato , Nishimura Toshiyuki
Published: April 2020

Dense [boron carbide (B4C)]/[carbon nanomaterials] composites were synthesized and sintered simultaneously using pulsed electric-current pressure sintering (PECPS) at 2173 K for 6.0×102 s (10 min) under 50 MPa in a vacuum. The starting powders were amorphous B and C nanopowders and nanocarbons. The latter were acid-treated carbon nanofiber CNF and carbon nanotube CNT. The sintered composites were evaluated from the viewpoints of mechanical properties at high temperatures up to ~ 2023 K in inert atmosphere. Thus fabricated composites with 10vol%CNF maintained high bending strength σb around 750 MPa even at 1973 K; this temperature is 100 K higher than that of conventional B4C/CNF composites, and furthermore 600 MPa at 2023 K. These high σb at elevated temperatures might be explained by both the low content of catalytic Fe particles and the rough surface of CNF after the acid-treatment. On the other hand, B4C/CNT composites displayed 770 MPa at 1723 K. The stress-strain curves demonstrate that B4C/CNF composite deformed elastically until 1273 K and plastically up to 1973 K, however, the B4C/CNT composites displayed elastic deformation up to around 1873 K.
Miguel Aguayo e as mudanças no saber profissional do professor que ensina aritmética
Authors: Ferreira Jefferson Dos Santos , Valente Wagner Rodrigues
Published: April 2020

A ultrapassagem da vaga pedagógica intuitiva pelo movimento da Escola Nova, especificamente no que se refere à pedagogia científica, promoveu mudanças na formação de professores. Há uma transição entre o uso de materiais que visavam desenvolver as faculdades mentais da criança, para o uso dos experimentos realizados em laboratórios, principalmente por psicólogos, os responsáveis por determinar o que e em que ordem deveriam ser ministrados os ensinos. Desse modo, tendo em conta esse contexto de transição e os escritos de Hofstetter & Schneuwly (2017), referencial teórico-metodológico acerca da formação de professores, neste artigo foi tomado como objeto de análise um manual de Miguel Aguayo um autor best-seller da formação de professores em tempos de pedagogia científica. Tomado como documento para a pesquisa, interrogou-se o texto: que elementos do saber profissional do professor que ensina matemática estão postos em Aguayo (1936)? Como resultado é possível destacar que nesse manual, a proposta era que a aritmética deveria visar um fim prático, o qual seria obtido por meio da seriação dos exercícios, feita a partir dos testes psicológicos, o que, pela proposta, retiraria do professor parte de sua autonomia para o exercício profissional.
From canals to the coast: dissolved organic matter and trace metal composition in rivers draining degraded tropical peatlands in Indonesia
Authors: Gandois Laure , Hoyt Alison M. , Mounier Stéphane , Le Roux Gaël , Harvey Charles F. , Claustres Adrien , Nuriman Mohammed , Anshari Gusti
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Worldwide, peatlands are important sources of dissolved organic
matter (DOM) and trace metals (TMs) to surface waters, and these fluxes may
increase with peatland degradation. In Southeast Asia, tropical peatlands
are being rapidly deforested and drained. The blackwater rivers draining these
peatland areas have high concentrations of DOM and the potential to be
hotspots for CO2 release. However, the fate of this fluvial carbon
export is uncertain, and its role as a trace metal carrier has never been
investigated. This work aims to address these gaps in our understanding of
tropical peatland DOM and associated elements in the context of degraded
tropical peatlands in Indonesian Borneo. We quantified dissolved organic
carbon and trace metal concentrations in the dissolved and fine colloidal
(<0.22 µm) and coarse colloidal (0.22–2.7 µm)
fractions and determined the characteristics (δ13C, absorbance,
fluorescence: excitation-emission matrix and parallel factor – PARAFAC – analysis) of the
peatland-derived DOM as it drains from peatland canals, flows along the
Ambawang River (blackwater river) and eventually mixes with the Kapuas Kecil
River (whitewater river) before meeting the ocean near the city of Pontianak in
West Kalimantan, Indonesia. We observe downstream shifts in indicators of
in-stream processing. An increase in the δ13C of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), along
with an increase in the C1∕C2 ratio of PARAFAC fluorophores, and a decrease in
SUVA (specific UV absorbance) along the continuum suggest the predominance
of photo-oxidation. However, very low dissolved oxygen concentrations also
suggest that oxygen is quickly consumed by microbial degradation of DOM in
the shallow layers of water. Blackwater rivers draining degraded peatlands show
significantly higher concentrations of Al, Fe, Pb, As, Ni and Cd compared
to the whitewater river. A strong association is observed between DOM, Fe, As, Cd
and Zn in the dissolved and fine colloid fraction, while Al is associated
with Pb and Ni and present in a higher proportion in the coarse colloidal
fraction. We additionally measured the isotopic composition of lead released
from degraded tropical peatlands for the first time and show that Pb
originates from anthropogenic atmospheric deposition. Degraded tropical
peatlands are important sources of DOM and trace metals to rivers and a
secondary source of atmospherically deposited contaminants.
On the assimilation of environmental tracer observations for model-based decision support
Authors: Knowling Matthew J. , White Jeremy T. , Moore Catherine R. , Rakowski Pawel , Hayley Kevin
Published: April 2020

Abstract. It has been advocated that history matching numerical models to a diverse range of observation data types, particularly including environmental tracer concentrations and their interpretations and derivatives (e.g., mean age), constitutes an effective and appropriate means to improve model forecast reliability. This study presents two regional-scale modeling case studies that directly and rigorously assess the value of discrete tritium concentration observations and tritium-derived mean residence time (MRT) estimates in two decision-support contexts; “value” is measured herein as both the improvement (or otherwise) in the reliability of forecasts through uncertainty variance reduction and bias minimization as a result of assimilating tritium or tritium-derived MRT observations. The first case study (Heretaunga Plains, New Zealand) utilizes a suite of steady-state and transient flow models and an advection-only particle-tracking model to evaluate the worth of tritium-derived MRT estimates relative to hydraulic potential, spring discharge and river–aquifer exchange flux observations. The worth of MRT observations is quantified in terms of the change in the uncertainty surrounding ecologically sensitive spring discharge forecasts via first-order second-moment (FOSM) analyses. The second case study (Hauraki Plains, New Zealand) employs paired simple–complex transient flow and transport models to evaluate the potential for assimilation-induced bias in simulated surface-water nitrate discharge to an ecologically sensitive estuary system; formal data assimilation of tritium observations is undertaken using an iterative ensemble smoother. The results of these case studies indicate that, for the decision-relevant forecasts considered, tritium observations are of variable benefit and may induce damaging bias in forecasts; these biases are a result of an imperfect model's inability to properly and directly assimilate the rich information content of the tritium observations. The findings of this study challenge the advocacy of the increasing use of tracers, and of diverse data types more generally, whenever environmental model data assimilation is undertaken with imperfect models. This study also highlights the need for improved imperfect-model data assimilation strategies. While these strategies will likely require increased model complexity (including advanced discretization, processes and parameterization) to allow for appropriate assimilation of rich and diverse data types that operate across a range of spatial and temporal scales commensurate with a forecast of management interest, it is critical that increased model complexity does not preclude the application of formal data assimilation and uncertainty quantification techniques due to model instability and excessive run times.
Study of the fractality in a magnetohydrodynamic shell model forced by solar wind fluctuations
Authors: Domínguez Macarena , Nigro Giuseppina , Muñoz Víctor , Carbone Vincenzo , Riquelme Mario
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The description of the relationship between interplanetary plasma and geomagnetic activity requires complex models.
Drastically reducing the ambition of describing this detailed complex interaction and, if we are interested only in the
fractality properties of the time series of its characteristic parameters, a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) shell model
forced using solar wind data might provide a possible novel approach. In this paper we study the relation between
the activity of the magnetic energy dissipation rate obtained in one such model, which may describe geomagnetic activity,
and the fractal dimension of the forcing. In different shell model simulations, the forcing is provided by the solution of a Langevin equation where a
white noise is implemented. This forcing, however, has been shown
to be unsuitable for describing the solar wind action on the model.
Thus,
we propose to consider the fluctuations of the product between the velocity and the magnetic field solar wind data
as the noise in the Langevin equation,
the solution of which provides the forcing in the magnetic field equation. We compare the fractal dimension of the magnetic energy dissipation rate
obtained, of the magnetic forcing term, and of the fluctuations of v⋅bz, with the activity of the magnetic energy dissipation rate.
We examine the dependence of these fractal dimensions on the solar cycle. We show that all measures of activity have a peak near solar maximum. Moreover, both the fractal dimension computed for the fluctuations of v⋅bz time series and the fractal dimension of the magnetic forcing have a minimum near solar maximum. This suggests that the complexity of the noise term in the Langevin equation may have a strong effect on the activity of the magnetic energy dissipation rate.
Volume de calda e concentração de retardantes do fogo em queimas controladas em área de eucalipto na transição Cerrado-Amazônia
Authors: Lima Daiane Cristina de , Souza Adilson Pacheco de , Cabeceira Fernando Gonçalves , Keffer Josiane Fernandes , Pizzatto Mariana , Borella Daniela Roberta
Published: April 2020

Os aceiros químicos consistem em faixas com aplicações de retardantes do fogo utilizados no combate indireto de incêndios florestais. Embora eficiente, a inexistência de recomendações de uso prático restringe a aplicação e eficácia dos produtos. Objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência de retardantes do fogo em queimas controladas em área de Eucalyptus urograndis (Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla) (clone H13) com 6,0 anos de idade, por meio da aplicação de diferentes concentrações e volumes de calda, considerando 1,0 h como tempo pós-aplicação. Foram avaliados três retardantes do fogo: dois comerciais (Phos-Chek WD881® e Hold Fire®) e um alternativo (polímero hidrorretentor: Nutrigel®) com cinco concentrações e nos volumes de calda de 0,5; 1,0 e 2,0 L m-2 (apenas água e sem aplicação de calda foram as referências). O comportamento do fogo foi avaliado pela velocidade de propagação do fogo, comprimento das chamas (e suas respectivas taxas de reduções) e material combustível remanescente e consumido. Para todos os retardantes, o aumento do volume de calda propiciou redução das variáveis do comportamento do fogo, sendo recomendado a aplicação de calda equivalente a 2,0 L m-2. As eficiências do Phos-Chek WD881® e do Hold Fire® apresentaram comportamentos lineares crescentes indicando que o aumento da concentração propiciou maior do controle do fogo, todavia, o Nutrigel® apresentou eficiência com resposta quadrática ao incremento das concentrações. A concentração ideal variou de acordo com o produto, sendo recomendado 1,0 mL L-1; 1,5 mL L-1; 0,0060 g L-1 para Phos-Chek WD881®, Hold Fire® e Nutrigel®, respectivamente.
Jornadas «Televisión por Internet, retos y oportunidades»
Authors: Rodríguez René
Published: April 2020

«Televisión por Internet: retos y oportunidades» fue el título de las jornadas que tuvieron lugar el pasado 29 de noviembre de 2006 en la sala de actos del edificio Imagina en Barcelona. La Fundación i2Cat, organizadora de este evento, reunió a representantes del sector de la investigación, de la industria de Internet y del gobierno con el objetivo de debatir cuál es la situación actual y el futuro de la IP TV frente al modelo clásico de televisión.
Adapting a multi‐species tool for single‐species impact assessments: Managing fishes at risk in Canada
Authors: Montgomery Fielding A. , Minns Charles K. , Mandrak Nicholas E.
Published: April 2020

To assess the impacts of human activity on fishes and fish habitat, impact assessment tools use single‐ and multi‐species approaches depending on the ecological and socio‐economic objectives. In Canadian aquatic ecosystems, single‐ and multi‐species impact assessments are guided by the Species at Risk Act and Fisheries Act, respectively. Yet, for species protected under the Species at Risk Act, the sparse data often require alternative approaches to risk assessment.

The goal of this study was to evaluate whether a database‐derived multi‐species tool – the Habitat Ecosystem Assessment Tool (HEAT) – can be used for single‐species impact assessments. Using an empirical example of proposed drain maintenance in a tributary of Lake St. Clair, the net loss of suitable habitat was evaluated across six conservation targets, ranging from single species, such as the pugnose shiner (Notropis anogenus) and the yellow perch (Perca flavescens), to the entire fish assemblage. Model outcomes were compared across various habitat suitability indices, spatial resolutions, and environmental habitat layers.

The net loss of suitable habitat varied widely across conservation targets and was greatest for the rare specialist species (pugnose shiner). Single‐species conservation targets were more sensitive to variation in spatial resolution and uncertainty in model input parameters. The results of this study emphasize that single‐ and multi‐species conservation targets should not be considered equal, especially when species differ in abundance and niche breadth.

This study demonstrates the flexibility of HEAT for evaluating potential impacts of human disturbance on fishes and their habitat. Future development of this tool should expand beyond physical habitat, to include other factors relevant to species distribution and survival (e.g. biotic interactions).
Less may be more for stage I epithelial Wilms tumors
Authors: Gessler Manfred , Graf Norbert
Published: April 2020

A retrospective analysis of the Children's Oncology Group AREN03B2 study has revealed that stage I epithelial‐predominant favorable‐histology Wilms tumors have excellent outcomes, and this suggests that primary treatment with surgery alone should be investigated in future protocols.
In search of common developmental and evolutionary origin of the claustrum and subplate
Authors: Bruguier Hannah , Suarez Rodrigo , Manger Paul , Hoerder‐Suabedissen Anna , Shelton Andrew M. , Oliver David K. , Packer Adam M. , Ferran José L. , García‐Moreno Fernando , Puelles Luis , Molnár Zoltán
Published: April 2020

The human claustrum, a major hub of widespread neocortical connections, is a thin, bilateral sheet of gray matter located between the insular cortex and the striatum. The subplate is a largely transient cortical structure that contains some of the earliest generated neurons of the cerebral cortex and has important developmental functions to establish intra‐ and extracortical connections. In human and macaque some subplate cells undergo regulated cell death, but some remain as interstitial white matter cells. In mouse and rat brains a compact layer is formed, Layer 6b, and it remains underneath the cortex, adjacent to the white matter. Whether Layer 6b in rodents is homologous to primate subplate or interstitial white matter cells is still debated. Gene expression patterns, such as those of Nurr1/Nr4a2, have suggested that the rodent subplate and the persistent subplate cells in Layer 6b and the claustrum might have similar origins. Moreover, the birthdates of the claustrum and Layer 6b are similarly precocious in mice. These observations prompted our speculations on the common developmental and evolutionary origin of the claustrum and the subplate. Here we systematically compare the currently available data on cytoarchitecture, evolutionary origin, gene expression, cell types, birthdates, neurogenesis, lineage and migration, circuit connectivity, and cell death of the neurons that contribute to the claustrum and subplate. Based on their similarities and differences we propose a partially common early evolutionary origin of the cells that become claustrum and subplate, a likely scenario that is shared in these cell populations across all amniotes.
Ritonavir and Lopinavir Suppress RCE1 and CAAX Rab Proteins Sensitizing the Liver to Organelle Stress and Injury
Authors: Khalatbari Atousa , Mishra Pratibha , Han Hui , He Yuxin , MacVeigh‐Aloni Michelle , Ji Cheng
Published: April 2020

Organelle stress and Liver injuries often occur in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients under anti‐HIV therapies, yet few molecular off‐targets of anti‐HIV drugs have been identified in the liver. Here, we found through total RNA sequencing that the transcription of a host protease Ras converting CAAX endopeptidase 1 (RCE1) was altered in HepG2 cells treated with anti‐HIV protease inhibitors, ritonavir and lopinavir. Levels of RCE1 protein were inhibited in HepG2 and primary mouse hepatocytes and in the liver of mice treated with the anti‐HIV drugs, which were accompanied with inhibition of two potential substrates of RCE1, small GTP binding protein Rab13 and Rab18, which are with a common CAAX motif and known to regulate the ER‐Golgi traffic or lipogenesis. Neither Rce1 transcription nor RCE1 protein level was inhibited by Brefeldin A, which is known to interfere with the ER‐Golgi traffic causing Golgi stress. Knocking down Rce1 with RNA interference increased ritonavir and lopinavir‐induced cell death as well as expression of Golgi stress response markers, TFE3, HSP47 and GCP60, in both primary mouse hepatocytes and mouse liver, and deteriorated alcohol‐induced alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and fatty liver injury in mice. In addition, overexpressing Rab13 or Rab18 in primary human hepatocytes reduced partially the anti‐HIV drugs and alcohol‐induced Golgi fragmentation, Golgi stress response, and cell death injury. Conclusion: We identified a mechanism linking a host protease and its substrates, small guanosine triphosphate–binding proteins, to the anti‐HIV drug‐induced Golgi dysfunction, organelle stress response, and fatty liver injury.
Versatility and Reliability of Islanded Pedicled Nasolabial Flap in Head and Neck Cancer Reconstruction
Authors: Chakrabarti Swagnik , Gupta Devendra Kumar , Gupta Monika , Daga Dipti , Mishra Aseem , Sharma Sudhendu Shekhar , Chugh Rajeev , Singh Sanajeet Kumar
Published: April 2020

Objectives

Reconstruction of head and neck cancer ablative defects is challenging. A modification of the nasolabial flap (islanded pedicled nasolabial flap [ipNLF]) is an easy and reliable option for reconstruction of small‐ to medium‐sized defects of the head and neck, especially in resource‐constrained and high‐volume centers.

Study Design and Methods

We present the retrospective analysis of 27 consecutive patients reconstructed with ipNLF at two high‐volume cancer centers, Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital, Varanasi, India; and Army Hospital Research and Referral, New Delhi, India. The functional outcomes measured were duration of weaning of feeding and tracheotomy tubes and speech assessment (speech intelligible rating score [SIR]) postsurgery. Complications assessed were flap loss, orocutaneous fistula, donor site wound dehiscence, oral incompetence, and angle of mouth deviation.

Results

The most common ablative defect was of the oral cavity (22 patients), followed by the oropharynx (4 patients) and hypopharynx (1 patient). The mean operating time for flap harvesting and insetting was 57.7 minutes. The mean durations for postoperative feeding tube and tracheotomy removal were 10 and 5 days, respectively. Twenty‐four subjects had SIR scores of I or II. None of the subjects had flap loss, orocutaneous fistula, or donor site wound dehiscence. Twenty‐five subjects had no oral incompetence, and 26 subjects had no or minimal angle of mouth deviation.

Conclusion

This is the largest series of ipNLF to date and emphasizes the versatility, reliability, reproducibility and excellent functional and acceptable cosmetic outcomes of this flap for the reconstruction of judiciously chosen head and neck ablative defects.

Level of Evidence

2C Laryngoscope, 130: 1967–1972, 2020
Accretive growth kinematics via null evolution curve
Authors: Özdemir Zehra , Tuğ Gül
Published: April 2020

It is known that the kinematics on the Lorentzian surfaces changes according to the casual characters of the vector fields. Suspicions, the character of the generator curve affects the surface growth. Therefore, we determine the model of the growth function in the three‐dimensional Minkowski spacetime with a null generating curve. Moreover, the proposed method is illustrated with various examples.
Development of polylactide composites with improved thermomechanical properties by simultaneous use of basalt powder and a nucleating agent
Authors: Barczewski Mateusz , Mysiukiewicz Olga , Matykiewicz Danuta , Skórczewska Katarzyna , Lewandowski Krzysztof , Andrzejewski Jacek , Piasecki Adam
Published: April 2020

In the course of the study, polylactide (PLA)/basalt powder (BP) composites were fabricated, incorporating micrometric particle‐shaped waste filler into the biodegradable polyester matrix to obtain improved thermomechanical stability of the final products. The mechanical, thermomechanical, and thermal properties of PLA‐based composites were evaluated, accounting for the influence of the simultaneous incorporation of 1 wt% of the potassium salt of 3,5‐bis(methoxycarbonyl) benzenesulfonate (LAK) used as the nucleating agent and 5‐20 wt% of basalt powder. As each of the applied modifying agents improves the thermomechanical stability of PLA, a beneficial effect of the co‐modification on thermal properties was expected to widen the temperature range of application of the composites. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements showed an increase of crystallinity up to 55% in the case addition of both additives (BP and LAK) on the PLA. The thermomechanical stability of the composites was determined as a heat deflection temperature (HDT) test. High modification efficiency of BP was obtained only with the simultaneous addition of the LAK nucleating agent. The synergistic effect of both modifiers allowed us to achieve a more than 100% increase in the HDT value to almost 160°C. The mechanical properties were assessed by the static tensile test, Dynstat impact measurements, and a ball indentation hardness evaluation. Even though a 10 MPa decrease in tensile strength was observed due to the addition of 20 wt% of BP and 1% of LAK, the tensile modulus increased from 2.5 to 3.25 MPa and hardness rose from 140 to 175 MPa. The addition of 5 wt% of basalt powder caused a 2 kJ/m2 increase in impact strength. The modification of PLA with the filler and the nucleating agent improved not only thermal stability but also the mechanical properties of the material.
Nonclinical regulatory immunotoxicity testing of nanomedicinal products: Proposed strategy and possible pitfalls
Authors: Giannakou Christina , Park Margriet V. D. Z. , Bosselaers Irene E. M. , de Jong Wim H. , van der Laan Jan Willem , van Loveren Henk , Vandebriel Rob J. , Geertsma Robert E.
Published: April 2020

Various nanomedicinal products (NMPs) have been reported to induce an adverse immune response, which may be related to their tendency to accumulate in or target cells of the immune system. Therefore, before their market authorization, NMPs should be thoroughly evaluated for their immunotoxic potential. Nonclinical regulatory immunotoxicity testing of nonbiological medicinal products, including NMPs, is currently performed by following the guideline S8 “Immunotoxicity Studies for Human Pharmaceuticals” of the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH). However, this guideline does not cover all the immunotoxicity endpoints reported for NMPs in the literature, such as complement activation related pseudo allergy, hypersensitivity and immunosuppression. In addition, ICH‐S8 does not provide any nanospecific testing considerations, which is important given their tendency to interfere with many commonly used toxicity assays. We therefore propose a nonclinical regulatory immunotoxicity assessment strategy, which considers the immunotoxicity endpoints currently missing in the ICH‐S8. We also list the known pitfalls related to the testing of NMPs and how to tackle them. Next to defining the relevant physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of the NMP and its intended use, the proposed strategy includes an in vitro assay battery addressing various relevant immunotoxicity endpoints. A weight of evidence evaluation of this information can be used to shape the type and design of further in vivo investigations. The final outcome of the immunotoxicity assessment can be included in the overall risk assessment of the NMP and provide alerts for relevant endpoints to address during clinical investigation.

This article is categorized under:

Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Regulatory and Policy Issues in Nanomedicine

Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials