bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Live Like Nobody Is Watching
Authors: Ho Anita
Published: March 2023

Respect for patient autonomy and data privacy is generally accepted as one of the foundational Western bioethical values. Nonetheless, as our society embraces expanding forms of personal and health monitoring, particularly in the context of an aging population and the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases, questions abound how artificial intelligence (AI) may change the way we define or understand what it means to live a free and healthy life. Drawing on different use cases of AI health monitoring, this book explores the socio-relational contexts that frame the promotion of AI health monitoring, as well as the potential consequences of such monitoring for people’s autonomy. It argues that the evaluation, design, and implementation of AI health monitoring should be guided by a relational conception of autonomy, which addresses both people’s capacity to exercise their agency and broader issues of power asymmetry and social justice. It explores how interpersonal and socio-systemic conditions shape the cultural meanings of personal responsibility, healthy living/aging, trust, and caregiving. These norms in turn structure the ethical space within which expectations regarding predictive analytics, risk tolerance, privacy, self-care, and trust relationships are expressed. Through an analysis of home health monitoring for older and disabled adults, direct-to-consumer health monitoring devices, and medication adherence monitoring, this book proposes ethical strategies at both the professional and systemic levels that can help preserve and promote people’s relational autonomy in the digital era.
Spine-Related Procedures
Authors: Ghaly Mary , Zaky Sherif
Published: March 2023

Neuraxial anesthesia types (i.e., epidural, spinal, and caudal anesthesia) are the most commonly used regional anesthetic techniques. These techniques not only provide means for anesthesia during surgery but also are commonly used for perioperative analgesia, in-labor analgesia, and chronic pain management. Preoperative evaluation is crucial and involves detailed history and examination as well as evaluation for contraindications. Different approaches are described and are dictated by a patient’s anatomy and medical condition. Midline is the most common approach used for spinal, epidural, and combined spinal epidural anesthesia. The paramedian approach has its advantages and can be used alternatively. The paramedian approach bypasses supraspinal and interspinal ligaments and provides direct access to the ligamentum flavum. The caudal epidural is commonly used in the pediatric population and chronic pain management. A transforaminal approach provides a more selective epidural spread in some painful conditions, such as lumbar radiculopathy and postlaminectomy syndrome. Axial low back pain due to facet arthropathy can be managed by facet joint injection or medial branch blocks, which are usually done under fluoroscopy. Ultrasound guidance is becoming more popular as it provides additional safety and improved accuracy during performance of regional anesthesia.
Clinical Pearls and Red Flags
Authors: Bernstein Carolyn , Begasse de Dhaem Olivia
Published: March 2023

A good history is crucial. Listen to the patient uninterrupted first. Assess whether the headache is new and/or different. Look for the presence of “red flags.” Red flags can be remembered with the SNNOOP10 and SAIL mnemonics. If any, obtain work-up such as brain MRI rapidly. Most of headache diagnoses are made based on history. Patients recording headache days, symptoms, and medication use on a calendar is very helpful longitudinal data for both diagnostic purposes and monitoring. Make sure you address the patients’ expectations of their visit. Screen for aura and ask about exogenous estrogen use. Evaluate for and address comorbidities and risk factors for migraine chronification.
“Why Do I Have So Many Headaches?”
Authors: Murinova Natalia
Published: March 2023

Chronic migraine (CM) is a disabling headache condition characterized by the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition (ICHD-3) as primary headache with at least 15 headache days a month for the past 3 months, of which at least 8 are migraine. The difference between episodic migraine and chronic migraine is how many days per month the headache occurs. In the United States, approximately 1 out of 100 adults suffer from CM. Patients with CM have lower health-related quality of life and higher comorbid medical conditions like anxiety and depression and sleep disorders compared to patients with episodic migraine. CM is a leading cause of suffering and disability. Since 2018 we have seen an explosion of new treatments for patients with CM, and more are on the way. We have new, exciting drugs such as anti-CGRP antibodies, gepants, and ditans, as well as many new neuromodulation options.
Half of My Head Hurts
Authors: Kanaan Saad
Published: March 2023

The chapter “Half of My Head Hurts” examines the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, evaluation, and management of hemicrania continua. Hemicrania continua is an uncommon headache disorder that belongs to the family of trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs) which all have many features in common including the location of the pain in the distribution of the V1 (ophthalmic) division of the trigeminal nerve, the side-locked nature of the pain, and the associated autonomic symptoms ipsilateral to the headache including conjunctival injection and/or lacrimation, nasal congestion and/or rhinorrhea, eyelid edema, forehead and facial sweating, and miosis and/or ptosis. The most important distinguishing feature of hemicrania continua is the constant, albeit fluctuating, nature of the pain, which differentiates it from other TACs. Another important distinguishing feature is its exquisite response to indomethacin, which can differentiate it from chronic migraine and chronic cluster headache. There are reports of secondary hemicrania continua due to cerebral vascular malformations or neoplastic etiologies, and head imaging should therefore be considered for all cases of hemicrania continua.
“Itis” Means There Is Inflammation Somewhere . . .
Authors: Orlova Yulia , Buchowicz Bryce
Published: March 2023

A new onset of headache in older individual should raise the concern for secondary cause, and when associated with transient visual loss and jaw claudication, giant cell arteritis (GCA) should be considered. CGA is a chronic systemic vasculitis that can involve cranial or extracranial vessels and is related to polymyalgia rheumatica. Clinical symptoms of GCA are related to inflammatory state and ischemic complications of medium and large arteries vasculitis. Cranial form GCA commonly affects temporal, ophthalmic, ciliary, and posterior occipital arteries. Headache is common in this form but is nonspecific and not sufficient to establish diagnosis. Patients with extracranial form of GCA are less likely to have headache. Diagnostic challenges, including role of inflammatory markers, temporal artery biopsy, and advanced vascular imaging are discussed. Treatment with steroids and indications for steroid-sparing therapies such as methotrexate and tocilizumab are reviewed.
In Search of a Durable Dural Patch
Authors: Haight Elena , Carroll Ian
Published: March 2023

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks are a cause of severe chronic headache, often accompanied by neck pain, hearing alterations, tinnitus, vertigo, nausea, difficulty with memory or concentration, and fatigue. When chronic, CSF leaks often appear quite different from acute post–dural puncture headaches. Most importantly, the orthostatic nature of the headache is less prominent. The varied presentation between acute and chronic CSF leaks, and low awareness for their ability to occur atraumatically and in the absence of a dural puncture, creates the opportunity for CSF leaks to evade diagnosis—typically for years before being accurately diagnosed. While an acute CSF leak typically presents as a severe orthostatic headache, chronic CSF leak may present as a second-half of the day headache, exertional headache, non-orthostatic chronic daily headache, thunderclap headache, or even a reverse orthostatic headache. The combination of severe head pain and nausea may cause the patient to be diagnosed with chronic migraine. Yet patients with CSF leaks can benefit from, and even find total resolution with, epidural blood patching or surgery. In this chapter we explore the case of a patient presenting with a chronic CSF leak characterized by persistent headaches, nausea and vomiting, and tachycardia following an unintended dural puncture.
Unexpected Findings in the Sella
Authors: Kaiser Eric A.
Published: March 2023

The book chapter “Unexpected Findings in the Sella” examines how to approach an incidental finding of pituitary adenoma in a patient presenting with headache. It reviews the epidemiology and differential diagnosis of pituitary lesions. It discusses the potential complications of pituitary adenomas, especially lesions >10 mm. The chapter provides recommendations on additional work-up including which hormones levels to measure to determine if the adenoma is oversecreting or causing hypopituitarism. It also reviews when to check visual fields, refer to endocrinology for further work-up and medical management, or refer to neurosurgery for transsphenoidal resection, as well as how to monitor for tumor growth with repeat MR imaging. It also discusses the challenges of determining whether the headache is secondary to the pituitary lesion, and how headache may present like a primary headache disorder such as migraine or trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TAC).
Improving Spatial and Elemental Associations in Analytical Field Ion Microscopy
Authors: F. Morgado Felipe , Stephenson Leigh , Rousseau Loic , Vurpillot François , Evertz Simon , Schneider Jochen M , Gault Baptiste
Published: March 2023

Chemically resolved atomic resolution imaging can give fundamental information about material properties. However, even today, a technique capable of such achievement is still only an ambition. Here, we take further steps in developing the analytical field ion microscopy (aFIM), which combines the atomic spatial resolution of field ion microscopy (FIM) with the time-of-flight spectrometry of atom probe tomography (APT). To improve the performance of aFIM that are limited in part by a high level of background, we implement bespoke flight path time-of-flight corrections normalized by the ion flight distances traversed in electrostatic simulations modeled explicitly for an atom probe chamber. We demonstrate effective filtering in the field evaporation events upon spatially and temporally correlated multiples, increasing the mass spectrum's signal-to-background. In an analysis of pure tungsten, mass peaks pertaining to individual W isotopes can be distinguished and identified, with the signal-to-background improving by three orders of magnitude over the raw data. We also use these algorithms for the analysis of a CoTaB amorphous film to demonstrate application of aFIM beyond pure metals and binary alloys. These approaches facilitate elemental identification of the FIM-imaged surface atoms, making analytical FIM more precise and reliable.
The Etymology of the ‘English’ Cadence
Authors: Chan Eleanor
Published: March 2023

One thing above others is known widely about the so-called ‘English’ cadence: that it is not English. Ever since musicologists of the mid-twentieth century named it, the cadence has laboured under the guise of its deceptiveness. However, as argued in this article, the cadence has much to tell us about the musical culture of England at the end of the sixteeenth and into the seventeenth century, during which period it was popular. The ‘English’ cadence shines a light on the movement towards tonality, the twilight period of solmization, and the understanding of false relations. An etymology of the cadence, making use of etymology’s older, more playful, punning role as the rhetorical trope etymologia, demonstrates that (English or not), the cadence has much to tell us about this poignant period of English history.
A critique of the Spite Plateau and the astration of primordial lithium
Authors: Norris J E , Yong D , Frebel A , Ryan S G
Published: March 2023

We investigate the distribution of the lithium abundances, A(Li), of metal-poor dwarf and subgiant stars within the limits 5500 K < Teff < 6700 K, −6.0 < [Fe/H] < −1.5, and log  g ≳ 3.5 (a superset of parameters first adopted by Spite and Spite), using literature data for some 200 stars. We address the problem of the several methods that yield Teff differences up to 350 K, and hence uncertainties of 0.3 dex in [Fe/H] and A(Li), by anchoring Teff to the infrared flux method. We seek to understand the behaviour of A(Li) as a function of [Fe/H] – small dispersion at highest [Fe/H], ‘meltdown’ at intermediate values (i.e. large spread in Li below the Spite Plateau), and extreme variations at lowest [Fe/H]. Decreasing A(Li) is accompanied by increasing dispersion. Insofar as [Fe/H] increases as the Universe ages, the behaviour of A(Li) reflects chaotic star formation involving destruction of primordial Li, which settles to the classic Spite Plateau, with A(Li) ∼ 2.3, by the time the Galactic halo reaches [Fe/H] ∼ −3.0. We consider three phases: (1) first star formation in C-rich environments ([C/Fe] > 2.3), with depleted Li; (2) silicates-dominated star formation and destruction of primordial Li during pre-main-sequence evolution; and (3) materials from these two phases co-existing and coalescing to form C-rich stars with A(Li) below the Spite Plateau, leading to a toy model with the potential to explain the ‘meltdown’. We comment on the results of Mucciarelli et al. on the Lower RGB, and the suggestion of Aguado et al. favouring a lower primordial lithium abundance than generally accepted.
Time-dependent visibility modelling of a relativistic jet in the X-ray binary MAXI J1803−298
Authors: Wood C M , Miller-Jones J C A , Bahramian A , Tingay S J , Russell T D , Tetarenko A J , Altamirano D , Belloni T , Carotenuto F , Ceccobello C , Corbel S , Espinasse M , Fender R P , Körding E , Migliari S , Russell D M , Sarazin C L , Sivakoff G R , Soria R , Tudose V
Published: March 2023

Tracking the motions of transient jets launched by low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) is critical for determining the moment of jet ejection, and identifying any corresponding signatures in the accretion flow. However, these jets are often highly variable and can travel across the resolution element of an image within a single observation, violating a fundamental assumption of aperture synthesis. We present a novel approach in which we directly fit a single time-dependent model to the full set of interferometer visibilities, where we explicitly parametrize the motion and flux density variability of the emission components, to minimize the number of free parameters in the fit, while leveraging information from the full observation. This technique allows us to detect and characterize faint, fast-moving sources, for which the standard time binning technique is inadequate. We validate our technique with synthetic observations, before applying it to three Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations of the black hole candidate LMXB MAXI J1803−298 during its 2021 outburst. We measured the proper motion of a discrete jet component to be 1.37 ± 0.14 mas h−1, and thus we infer an ejection date of MJD $59348.08_{-0.06}^{+0.05}$, which occurs just after the peak of a radio flare observed by the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) and the Atacama Large Millimeter/Sub-Millimeter Array (ALMA), while MAXI J1803−298 was in the intermediate state. Further development of these new VLBI analysis techniques will lead to more precise measurements of jet ejection dates, which, combined with dense, simultaneous multiwavelength monitoring, will allow for clearer identification of jet ejection signatures in the accretion flow.
Carbon stars as standard candles – III. Un-binned maximum likelihood fitting and comparison with TRGB estimations
Authors: Parada Javiera , Heyl Jeremy , Richer Harvey , Ripoche Paul , Rousseau-Nepton Laurie
Published: March 2023

In the second paper of this series, we developed a new distance determination method using the median J magnitude of carbon-rich asymptotic giant branch stars (CS) as standard candles and the Magellanic Clouds as the fundamental calibrators. The J-band CS luminosity function was modelled using a modified Lorentzian distribution whose parameters were used to determine whether the Large or Small Magellanic cloud was the most suitable calibrator. In this third paper of the series, we expand our sample of galaxies and introduce a more robust method to determine the parameters of the Lorentzian model. The new fitting method uses an un-binned maximum likelihood estimator to determine the parameters of the Lorentzian model resulting in parameter errors that are significantly smaller compared to the second paper. We test our method in NGC 6822, IC 1613, NGC 3109, and WLM. We also estimate the distances to the same sample of galaxies via the tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) detection method. Our results from the CS measurements agree well with those obtained from the TRGB.
CRISPRi-mediated tunable control of gene expression level with engineered single-guide RNA in Escherichia coli
Authors: Byun Gibyuck , Yang Jina , Seo Sang Woo
Published: March 2023

Precise control of gene expression is essential for flux redistribution in metabolic pathways. Although the CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) system can effectively repress gene expression at the transcriptional level, it has still been difficult to precisely control the level without loss of specificity or an increase in cell toxicity. In this study, we developed a tunable CRISPRi system that performs transcriptional regulation at various levels. We constructed a single-guide RNA (sgRNA) library targeting repeat, tetraloop, and anti-repeat regions to modulate the binding affinity against dCas9. Each screened sgRNA could regulate the gene expression at a certain level between fully-repressing and non-repressing states (>45-fold). These sgRNAs also enabled modular regulation with various target DNA sequences. We applied this system to redistribute the metabolic flux to produce violacein derivatives in a predictable ratio and optimize lycopene production. This system would help accelerate the flux optimization processes in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology.
String is a double slit
Authors: Hashimoto Koji , Matsuo Yoshinori , Yoda Takuya
Published: March 2023

We perform imaging of a fundamental string from string scattering amplitudes, and show that its image is a double slit.
Quantum modular forms from real-quadratic double sums
Authors: Bringmann Kathrin , Nazaroglu Caner
Published: March 2023

In 2015, Lovejoy and Osburn discovered 12 q-hypergeometric series and proved that their Fourier coefficients can be understood as counting functions of ideals in certain quadratic fields. In this paper, we study their modular and quantum modular properties and show that they yield three vector-valued quantum modular forms on the group $\Gamma_0 (2)$.
Nightmares: an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
Authors: Campbell Allison A , Taylor Kenneth A , Augustine Ann V , Sherwood Andrew , Wu Jade Q , Beckham Jean C , Hoerle Jeffrey M ,   VA Mid-Atlantic MIRECC, Ulmer Christi S
Published: March 2023

Study Objectives

Prior work has established associations between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), disrupted sleep, and cardiovascular disease (CVD), but few studies have examined health correlates of nightmares beyond risks conferred by PTSD. This study examined associations between nightmares and CVD in military veterans.

Methods

Participants were veterans (N = 3468; 77% male) serving since September 11, 2001, aged 38 years (SD = 10.4); approximately 30% were diagnosed with PTSD. Nightmare frequency and severity were assessed using the Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS). Self-reported medical issues were assessed using the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study Self-report Medical Questionnaire. Mental health disorders were established using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. The sample was stratified by the presence or absence of PTSD. Within-group associations between nightmare frequency and severity and self-reported CVD conditions, adjusting for age, sex, race, current smoking, depression, and sleep duration.

Results

Frequent and severe nightmares during the past week were endorsed by 32% and 35% of participants, respectively. Those endorsing nightmares that were frequent, severe, and the combination thereof were more likely to also evidence high blood pressure (ORs 1.42, OR 1.56, and OR 1.47, respectively) and heart problems (OR 1.43, OR 1.48, and OR 1.59, respectively) after adjusting for PTSD diagnosis and other covariates.

Conclusions

Nightmare frequency and severity among veterans are associated with cardiovascular conditions, even after controlling for PTSD diagnosis. Study findings suggest that nightmares may be an independent risk factor for CVD. Additional research is needed to validate these findings using confirmed diagnoses and explore potential mechanisms.
Strategies to improve access to physical activity opportunities for people with physical disabilities
Authors: Herbison Jordan D , Osborne Meaghan , Andersen Jessica , Lepage Pierre , Pagé Véronique , Levasseur Caroline , Beckers Mélissa , Gainforth Heather L , Lamontagne Marie-Eve , Sweet Shane N
Published: March 2023

Community-based physical activity opportunities have been shown to help adults with physical disabilities improve their participation in daily activities and reduce social isolation. Despite the known benefits, substantial barriers and challenges inhibit accessibility to these physical activity opportunities.

To facilitate the co-construction of strategies to overcome accessibility issues pertaining to community-based physical activity opportunities.

In total, 45 individuals with physical disabilities, patients at a rehabilitation hospital, staff members of disability organizations, staff of local or provincial government agencies/departments, kinesiologists, occupational therapists, graduate students, and peer mentors participated in one of four World Cafés held in their respective cities. World Café is a methodology for fostering collaborative, solution-focused conversation that aims to solve problems through collective intelligence. Participants were divided into groups of three to four people and invited to engage in evolving rounds of discussions responding to prompts about accessibility to physical activity in their communities. Transcripts were analyzed using content analysis.

In total, 17 strategies were identified, addressing 5 areas: representation and visibility (e.g., prioritize hiring people with a disability), finances (e.g., reduce direct costs for participants), connection and social support (e.g., foster social networks that provide informational support), education and programming (e.g., enhance awareness of existing services and resources), and government programs and policies (e.g., enforce accessibility standards for indoor and outdoor spaces).

The findings of this study provide strategies and practical applications for community programs and governments to consider for increasing access to physical activity opportunities for people with physical disabilities.
A multi‐organ analysis of the role of mTOR in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
Authors: Carabulea Alexander L. , Janeski Joseph D. , Naik Vishal D. , Chen Kang , Mor Gil , Ramadoss Jayanth
Published: March 2023

Alcohol exposure during gestation can lead to fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), an array of cognitive and physical developmental impairments. Over the past two and a half decades, Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) has emerged at the nexus of many fields of study, and has recently been implicated in FASD etiology. mTOR plays an integral role in modulating anabolic and catabolic activities, including protein synthesis and autophagy. These processes are vital for proper development and can have long lasting effects following alcohol exposure, such as impaired hippocampal and synapse formation, reduced brain size, as well as cognitive, behavioral, and memory impairments. We highlight recent advances in the field of FASD, primarily with regard to animal model discoveries and discuss the interaction between alcohol and mTOR in the context of various tissues, including brain, placenta, bone, and muscle, with respect to developmental alcohol exposure paradigms. The current review focuses on novel FASD research within the context of the mTOR signaling and sheds light on mechanistic etiologies at various biological levels including molecular, cellular, and functional, across multiple stages of development and illuminates the dichotomy between the different mTOR complexes and their unique signaling roles.
Adding Ketamine to Epidural Morphine Does Not Prolong Postoperative Analgesia After Lumbar Laminectomy or Discectomy
Authors: Prabhakar Prasadkanna , Mariappan Ramamani , Moorthy Ranjith K. , Nair Bijesh R. , Karuppusami Reka , Lionel Karen R.
Published: March 2023

Background:

Epidural opioids provide effective postoperative analgesia after lumbar spine surgery. Ketamine has been shown to reduce opioid-induced central sensitization and hyperalgesia. We hypothesized that adding ketamine to epidural opioids would prolong the duration of analgesia and enhance analgesic efficacy after lumbar spine surgery.

Methods:

American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status class I to II patients aged between 18 and 70 years with normal renal function undergoing lumbar laminectomy were recruited into this single-center randomized trial. Patients were randomized to receive either single-dose epidural morphine (group A) or epidural morphine and ketamine (group B) for postoperative analgesia. The primary objective was to compare the duration of analgesia as measured by time to the first postoperative analgesic request. Secondary objectives were the comparison of pain scores at rest and movement, systemic hemodynamics, and the incidence of side effects during the first 24 hours after surgery.

Results:

Fifty patients were recruited (25 in each group), of which data from 48 were available for analysis. The mean±SD duration of analgesia was 20±6 and 23±3 hours in group A and group B, respectively (P=0.07). There were 12/24 (50%) patients in group A and 17/24 (71%) patients in group B who did not receive rescue analgesia during the first 24-hour postoperative period (P=0.07). Pain scores at rest and movement, systemic hemodynamics, and postoperative complications were comparable between the groups.

Conclusions:

The addition of ketamine to epidural morphine did not prolong the duration of analgesia after lumbar laminectomy.
A3907, a systemic ASBT inhibitor, improves cholestasis in mice by multiorgan activity and shows translational relevance to humans
Authors: Caballero-Camino Francisco J. , Rodrigues Pedro M. , Wångsell Fredrik , Agirre-Lizaso Aloña , Olaizola Paula , Izquierdo-Sanchez Laura , Perugorria Maria J. , Bujanda Luis , Angelin Bo , Straniero Sara , Wallebäck Anna , Starke Ingemar , Gillberg Per-Göran , Strängberg Ellen , Bonn Britta , Mattsson Jan P. , Madsen Martin R. , Hansen Henrik H. , Lindström Erik , Åkerblad Peter , Banales Jesus M.
Published: March 2023

Background and Aims:

Cholestasis is characterized by intrahepatic accumulation of bile constituents, including bile acids (BAs), which promote liver damage. The apical sodium-dependent BA transporter (ASBT) plays an important role in BA reabsorption and signaling in ileum, bile ducts, and kidneys. Our aim was to investigate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacological activity of A3907, an oral and systemically available ASBT inhibitor in experimental mouse models of cholestasis. In addition, the tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of A3907 were examined in healthy humans.

Approach and Results:

A3907 was a potent and selective ASBT inhibitor in vitro. In rodents, orally administered A3907 distributed to the ASBT-expressing organs, that is, ileum, liver, and kidneys, and dose dependently increased fecal BA excretion. A3907 improved biochemical, histological, and molecular markers of liver and bile duct injury in Mdr2

−/−
mice and also had direct protective effects on rat cholangiocytes exposed to cytotoxic BA concentrations in vitro. In bile duct ligated mice, A3907 increased urinary BA elimination, reduced serum BA levels, and prevented body weight loss, while improving markers of liver injury. A3907 was well tolerated and demonstrated target engagement in healthy volunteers. Plasma exposure of A3907 in humans was within the range of systemic concentrations that achieved therapeutic efficacy in mouse.

Conclusions:

The systemic ASBT inhibitor A3907 improved experimental cholestatic disease by targeting ASBT function at the intestinal, liver, and kidney levels, resulting in marked clearance of circulating BAs and liver protection. A3907 is well tolerated in humans, supporting further clinical development for the treatment of cholestatic liver diseases.
Virological characterization of treatment failures and retreatment outcomes in patients infected with “unusual” HCV genotype 1 subtypes
Authors: Vo-Quang Erwan , Soulier Alexandre , Ndebi Mélissa , Rodriguez Christophe , Chevaliez Stéphane , Leroy Vincent , Fourati Slim , Pawlotsky Jean-Michel ,   the EPIRES-C ANRS/MIE Study Group
Published: March 2023

Background and Aims:

Suboptimal rates of sustained virological response have been reported in patients infected with an “unusual,” non-1a/1b HCV genotype 1 subtype. The objectives of this study were to assess the proportion of non-1a/1b genotype 1 subtypes in a population of HCV-infected patients who failed to achieve sustained virological response after first-line direct-acting antiviral treatment, to virologically characterize their failures and to assess their outcomes on retreatment.

Approach and Results:

Samples addressed between January 2015 and December 2021 to the French National Reference Center for Viral Hepatitis B, C, and D were prospectively analyzed by means of Sanger and deep sequencing. Among 640 failures, 47 (7.3%) occurred in patients infected with an “unusual” genotype 1 subtype. Samples were available in 43 of them; 92.5% of these patients were born in Africa. Our results show the presence at baseline and at treatment failure of NS3 protease and/or NS5A polymorphisms conferring inherent reduced susceptibility to direct-acting antivirals in these patients, together with the presence at failure of additional resistance-associated substitutions not naturally present as dominant species, but jointly selected by first-line therapy.

Conclusions:

Patients infected with “unusual” HCV genotype 1 subtypes are over-represented among direct-acting antiviral treatment failures. Most of them were born and likely infected in sub-Saharan Africa. “Unusual” HCV genotype 1 subtypes naturally carry polymorphisms that confer reduced susceptibility to the drugs currently used to cure hepatitis C, in particular the NS5A inhibitors. Retreatment with sofosbuvir plus an NS3 protease and an NS5A inhibitor is generally efficacious.
Supervisors’ Work Engagement Is Associated With Interactivity and Carefulness in Supporting Subordinates
Authors: Sakai Kosuke , Nagata Tomohisa , Odagami Kiminori , Nagata Masako , Mori Takahiro , Mori Koji
Published: March 2023

Objective

This study aimed to structure supervisory support and clarify the relationship between supervisors’ work engagement and support for their subordinates.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study in a manufacturing company using a questionnaire survey. Supervisors provided open-ended responses regarding the provision of support for their subordinates. Using text mining, we structured these descriptions into multiple categories, assigned words to them, and analyzed frequently mentioned categories by the level of work engagement.

Results

We obtained responses from 729 participants that included 13,968 words. We structured supervisory support by three categories (contents, direction, and attitude toward support) and 11 subcategories. As supervisors’ work engagement increased, the rates of mentioning information retrieval, information transmission, and carefulness increased.

Conclusions

Supervisors with work engagement could communicate with each other and be careful in providing support to their subordinates.
Excessive Dynamic Airway Collapse Severity Scoring System
Authors: Abia-Trujillo David , Yu Lee-Mateus Alejandra , Hernandez-Rojas Daniel , Pulipaka Sai Priyanka , Garcia-Saucedo Juan C. , Saifi Omran , Majid Adnan , Fernandez-Bussy Sebastian
Published: March 2023

Background:

Severe excessive dynamic airway collapse (EDAC) is defined as airway narrowing due to posterior wall protrusion into the airway lumen, >90%. We aimed to establish an overall severity score to assess severe EDAC and the need for subsequent intervention.

Methods:

A retrospective study of patients who underwent dynamic bronchoscopy for evaluation of expiratory central airway collapse between January 2019 and July 2021. A numerical value was given to each tracheobronchial segmental collapse: 0 points (<70%), 1 point (70% to 79%), 2 points (80% to 89%), and 3 points (>90%) to be added for an overall EDAC severity score per patient. We compared the score among patients who underwent stent trials (severe EDAC) and those who did not. Based on the receiver operating characteristics curve, a cutoff total score to predict severe EDAC was calculated.

Results:

One hundred fifty-eight patients were included. Patients were divided into severe (n = 60) and nonsevere (n = 98) EDAC. A cutoff of 9 as the total score had a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 74% to predict severe EDAC, based on an area under the curve 0.888 (95% CI: 0.84, 0.93; P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Our EDAC Severity Scoring System was able to discern between severe and nonsevere EDAC by an overall score cutoff of 9, with high sensitivity and specificity for predicting severe disease and the need for further intervention, in our institution.
von Willebrand Factor and Angiopoietin-2 are Sensitive Biomarkers of Pulsatility in Continuous-Flow Ventricular Assist Device Patients
Authors: Nguyen Khanh T. , Hecking Jana , Berg Ian C. , Kannappan Ramaswamy , Donoghue Leslie , Ismail Esraa , Cheng Xuanhong , Giridharan Guruprasad A. , Sethu Palaniappan
Published: March 2023

Nonsurgical bleeding occurs in a significant proportion of patients implanted with continuous-flow ventricular assist devices (CF-VADs) and is associated with nonphysiologic flow with diminished pulsatility. An in vitro vascular pulse perfusion model seeded with adult human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) was used to identify biomarkers sensitive to changes in pulsatility. Diminished pulsatility resulted in an ~45% decrease in von Willebrand factor (vWF) levels from 9.80 to 5.32 ng/ml (n = 5, p < 0.05) and a threefold increase in angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT-2) levels from 775.29 to 2471.93 pg/ml (n = 5, p < 0.05) in cultured HAECs. These changes are in agreement with evaluation of patient blood samples obtained pre-CF-VAD implant and 30-day postimplant: a decrease in plasma vWF level by 50% from ~45.59 to ~22.49 μg/ml (n = 15, p < 0.01) and a 64% increase in plasma ANGPT-2 level from 7,073 to 11,615 pg/ml (n = 8, p < 0.05). This study identified vWF and ANGPT-2 as highly sensitive to changes in pulsatility, in addition to interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and tumor necrosis-α (TNF-α). These biomarkers may help determine the optimal level of pulsatility and help identify patients at high risk of nonsurgical bleeding.
Associations between low birth weight and perinatal asphyxia: A hospital-based study
Authors: Li Zhao-na , Wang Shu-rong , Wang Ping
Published: March 2023

To investigate the associations between low birth weight (LBW) and perinatal asphyxia by a hospital-based study. The participants of this study were mothers who gave birth at our hospital in 2018. They were divided into case group and control group according to their children’s asphyxia status. The bivariable and multivariable logistics regression were used to identify maternal and newborn factors with perinatal asphyxia. A total of 150 participants were enrolled in this study, including 50 participants in the case group and 100 participants in the control groups. The bivariate logistic regression analysis showed the significant relationship of LBW, the mother’s age which was less than 20 years, and the gestational age with perinatal asphyxia (P < .05). The multivariate analysis was shown that LBW, male newborns, mothers who had preeclampsia/eclampsia, or mothers who were primipara or whose gestational age more than 37 weeks had higher risks of perinatal asphyxia (P < .05). However, there were no significant relationships of the age of mother or history of antenatal care with perinatal asphyxia. LBW of infants contributes to the higher risk of perinatal asphyxia.
Clinical significance of CT angiographic assessment of collateral circulation combined with serum NLRP1 levels in ischemic stroke patients
Authors: Tao Chong , Wang Yu , Xiao Shiyin
Published: March 2023

This research aimed to combine serum NLR-pyrin domain containing 1 (NLRP1) levels and collateral circulation to assess ischemic stroke patients and predict the prognoses of the patients. This present prospective observational study enrolled 196 ischemic stroke patients. All patients underwent CTA as well as digital subtraction angiography (DSA) to assess collateral circulation by American Society of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology/Society of Interventional Radiology (ASITN/SIR). In addition, we collected serum samples from 100 patients with carotid atherosclerosis as controls. The serum NLRP1, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The age, BMI, sex, smoke condition, diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scores (NIHSS), modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores, imaging indicators and the levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol (TC), low-density leptin cholesterol (LDLC), high-density leptin cholesterol of all subjects were recorded. All data used SPSS 18.0 to statistical analyses. The serum levels of NLRP1 were remarkably enhanced in the ischemic stroke patients compared with the carotid atherosclerosis patients. The NIHSS score, the mRS score after 90 days and the levels of NLRP1, CRP, TNF-α IL-6 and IL-1β of ischemic stroke patients in the ASITN/SIR grade 0 to 2 group were remarkably elevated than the ischemic stroke patients in ASITN/SIR grade 3 to 4 group. Spearman analysis supported that a positive correlation existed among the NLRP1, CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels. The NIHSS score, infarct volume and the levels of NLRP1, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β of ischemic stroke patients in the mRS score ≥ 3 group were remarkably elevated than the ischemic stroke patients in the mRS score ≤ 2 group. ASITN/SIR grade and NLRP1 could be potential diagnostic biomarkers of poor prognosis of ischemic stroke patients. It was found that NLRP1, ASITN/SIR grade, infarct volume, NIHSS, IL-6, and IL-1β were the risk factors for bad prognosis of ischemic stroke patients. This study showed that the serum NLRP1 levels were remarkably decreased in ischemic stroke patients. In addition, the serum NLRP1 levels and ASITN/SIR grade could predict the prognosis of ischemic stroke patients.
The Nation's Promise of Care
Authors: Prince Melanie A.
Published: March 2023

This Issue's Editorial is all about Veterans, written by Veterans. If you are an acute care case manager, the Veterans Administration (VA's) embrace of integrated case management affords excellent career opportunities. If you work in a health plan, transitions of care for veterans are seamless when you coordinate VA benefits and community resources. As a worker's compensation case manager, your skills are relevant for veterans who may benefit from vocational rehabilitation and work transition programs. If you are a life care planner, the VA has resources that address illness and wellness care throughout the life of a veteran, including mental health services. And when the end of life occurs, a veteran is honored with a dignified service in the national, or a state memorial cemetery. The resources are available and case managers must become aware of the plethora of services to address the rehabilitation, recovery and restoration of veterans. This Editorial addresses the resources that are available; case managers must become aware of the plethora of services to address the rehabilitation, recovery and restoration of veterans.
Reusable and Disposable Incontinence Underpads: Environmental Footprints as a Route for Decision Making to Decarbonize Health Care
Authors: Griffing Evan , Overcash Michael
Published: March 2023

Background:

Objectives of quality principles in the clinical setting present nursing with opportunities for quality patient care but at lower environmental footprint. This affects patients, hospital personnel, and community because choices reduce climate change and thus support an innovative nursing role.

Purpose:

This article aims to support nursing knowledge to include environment in decisions regarding patient care and reusable versus disposable incontinence underpads (IUPs).

Methods:

A life cycle analysis was conducted, including soiling, reusable cycles before removal, supply chains, laundry use, and end-of-life environmental impact.

Results:

The selection of reusable IUPs versus disposables reduced total natural resource energy consumption by 71%, greenhouse gas emissions by 61%, blue water consumption by 57%, and solid waste by 97%.

Conclusions:

The nursing community can use this information in its health care organizations regarding IUP to advocate for decisions to select reusable IUPs that benefit our environment (air, water, and land).
A Hostile Environment
Authors: Worman Dawn , Nimkar Swateja
Published: March 2023

Background:

The literature regarding the increased risk of violence toward registered nurses and health care workers is plentiful; yet, data on prelicensure nursing student exposure to violent patient behaviors are limited and did not exist for the university's nursing program.

Purpose:

The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine nursing student exposure to patient aggression or violent behavior in a prelicensure nursing program in the Midwestern United States.

Methods:

The research design was an exploratory study using surveys completed by nursing students in their junior and senior years.

Results:

Almost 74% of male students and 85% of female students experienced some form of verbal aggression from their patients, with a statistically significant difference between male and female nursing students on their exposure to sexual harassment. Students also experienced extreme emotions and feelings.

Conclusions:

The survey results reveal nursing students are exposed to patient aggression or violent behavior, do not feel prepared to manage these situations, and desire faculty mentoring.
Brief Report: How Do We Reach Men? Offering HIV Testing in Evenings and Weekends in the HPTN 071 (PopART) Community-Based Trial in South Africa
Authors: Yang Blia , Sloot Rosa , Floyd Sian , Awoniyi Dolapo , Griffith Sam , Ayles Helen , Fidler Sarah , Hayes Richard , Vermund Sten H. , Bock Peter ,   HPTN 071 (PopART) study team
Published: March 2023

Background:

Unknown HIV status and consequent low antiretroviral treatment coverage among men living with HIV combined with high-risk behavior is a key driver of the HIV epidemic in high-burden settings. We investigated whether conducting household visits during nontraditional shifts increased the number of men recruited for community-based HIV testing, compared with traditional weekday shifts in the HPTN 071 (PopART) trial in South Africa.

Methods:

We used data captured during household visits among individuals aged 15 years or older in 6 communities in South Africa from September 2016 to September 2017. Successful recruitment required community HIV care providers (CHiPs) accessing a household member and completing the study questionnaire. Linear regression analysis compared mean successful recruitments between the different shift types stratified by sex.

Results:

During 187 days, 62,455 successful household visits were completed. Recruitment of men and women was higher in weekends, for men highest on Sundays (Coef: 11.2, 95% CI: 8.7 to 13.7), for women highest on Saturdays (Coef: 11.3, 95% CI: 7.6 to 15.1), indicating a mean of 11.2 more men recruited on Sunday shifts, compared with traditional weekday shifts was similar when comparing traditional weekday shifts with nontraditional weekday shifts for both men and women.

Conclusion:

Conducting household visits during the weekends led to increased recruitment for participation in the PopART intervention among both men and women. This suggests that targeting households during the weekend can be an effective and easy-to-implement strategy to increase the number of men accessed for HIV testing that can be integrated into a wide range of community-based services.
Judicial Opinion 128
Authors: Arahal David R. , Bull Carolee T. , Christensen Henrik , Chuvochina Maria , Dedysh Svetlana N. , Fournier Pierre-Edouard , Konstantinidis Konstantinos T. , Parker Charles T. , Rossello-Mora Ramon , Ventosa Antonio , Göker Markus
Published: March 2023

Judicial Opinion 128 addresses nomenclatural issues related to the names of classes validly published under the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes. It is confirmed that the common ending -proteobacteria of some class names is not indicative of a joint taxonomic or phylogenetic placement; that the nomenclatural type of

Mollicutes

Edward and Freundt 1967 (Approved Lists 1980) is

Mycoplasmatales

Freundt 1955 (Approved Lists 1980); and that the placement of a name on the list of rejected names does not imply that another name with the same spelling but a distinct rank is also placed on that list. The names at the rank of class

Anoxyphotobacteria

(Gibbons and Murray 1978) Murray 1988,

Archaeobacteria

Murray 1988, Bacteria Haeckel 1894 (Approved Lists 1980),

Firmibacteria

Murray 1988,

Microtatobiotes

Philip 1956 (Approved Lists 1980),

Oxyphotobacteria

(ex Gibbons and Murray 1978) Murray 1988,

Photobacteria

Gibbons and Murray 1978 (Approved Lists 1980),

Proteobacteria

Stackebrandt et al. 1988,

Schizomycetes

Nägeli 1857 (Approved Lists 1980),

Scotobacteria

Gibbons and Murray 1978 (Approved Lists 1980) are placed on the list of rejected names. For three common nominative singular suffixes of genus names their genitive singular and nominative plural forms are confirmed: -bacter (-bacteris, -bacteres); -fex (-ficis, -fices); and -genes (-genis, -genes). The class names

Aquificae

Reysenbach 2002,

Chrysiogenetes

Garrity and Holt 2002,

Chthonomonadetes

Lee et al. 2011,

Gemmatimonadetes

Zhang et al. 2003,

Opitutae

Choo et al. 2007 and

Verrucomicrobiae

Hedlund et al. 1998 are orthographically corrected to Aquificia, Chrysiogenia, Chthonomonadia, Gemmatimonadia, Opitutia and Verrucomicrobiia, respectively.