bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Timonius eremiticus (Rubiaceae), a new species from the Philippines
Authors: Chavez J.G. , Banag-Moran C.I. , Meve U.
Published: August 2020

Timonius eremiticus, a new species from Mount Pulgar, Palawan Island, the Philippines, is here described and illustrated. It is morphologically close to T. flavescens but is characterized by membranous to chartaceous leaves with 2–4 pairs of lateral nerves, ivory-white
corolla, bracteate staminate inflorescences bearing bracteolate flowers, 5-petaled pistillate flowers, (sub)globose fruits that are round and not 4-angled, and pyrenes being obliquely radiated in cross-section of fruits. Timonius eremiticus is assessed as Critically Endangered following
IUCN criteria.
 Buod (Wikang Filipino) Inilarawan at iginu hit sa lathalaing ito ang Timonius eremiticus na isang bagong espesye ng halaman na matatagapuan sa Bundok Pulgar sa pulo ng Palawan sa Pilipinas. Ito ay kawangis ng T. flavescens subalit natatangi dahil
sa mga malalamad o malapapel nitong mga dahon na may dalawa o hanggang apat na pares ng nerbiyong lateral, kulay garing na mga talulot, brakteadong istaminate na mga inflorescence at bulaklak, mga pistiladong bulaklak na may limang talulot, (mala)bilugang mga bunga na hindi nakalundo sa apat,
at mga pyrene na oblikong naka-radiate sa pahalang na hati ng mga bunga. Ang Timonius eremiticus ay itinataya rin na lubos nang nanganganib na maubos alinsunod sa mga pamantayan ng IUCN.
Francisco de Tójar (traductor) La filósofa por amor, ed. Joaquín Alvarez Barrientos, Universidad de Cádiz, 1996, 240 páginas
Authors: Fuente Ballesteros Ricardo de la
Published: August 2020

Reseña del libro "La filósofa por amor, ed. Joaquín Álvarez Barrientos".
The Implementation of Vulva Hygiene Treatment in Postpartum Women to Prevention of Rupture Perineum Infection
Authors: Sangkala Fitriani , Sriwardana Andi
Published: August 2020

Perineal rupture or tear of the birth canal is usually experienced by postpartum mothers or mothers in labor. Either because of the episiotomy or naturally due to the pressure of the fetal head. Perineal rupture affects women’s physical. The impact of perineal rupture in women who are not properly treated is infection perineum. As the treatment efforts that can be done to prevent infection, namely by performing vulva hygiene care. The research explores quantitative evidence published in an electronic database, Google Scholar. Studies have shown that proper care of vulva hygiene can be 10 times greater in preventing infection in perineal rupture. The results showed that vulva hygiene treatment was able to prevent infection in perineal rupture.
Study of the Modulating Interactions of Multitrait Rhizobacteria Using Zea Mays L. as the Host Plant
Authors: Shakeel Sana , Javaid Ifrah , Ahmed Ambreen
Published: August 2020

Background: Rhizosphere is a soil region closest to roots of the plants inhabiting different types of microorganisms including rhizobacteria. Chemical fertilizers which are conventionally used for increasing crop production are dangerous in terms of minimizing the nutritional value of crops and may also be hazardous for biological agents. Therefore, the use of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) are favorable for improved crop production over chemical fertilizers.

Objectives: The current study highlights the growth promoting traits of bacterial isolates through isolation of rhizospheric bacterial strains from different plants.

Methodology: In this study, ten rhizospheric bacterial isolates were used, which were morpho-physiologically characterized and then tested for plant growth-promoting traits i.e., HCN production, ammonification and auxin production. Most of the bacterial strains gave positive results for these plant growth-promoting traits. To study the beneficial effects of these bacteria on plants, plant-microbial interaction assay was conducted using Zea mays.

Results: Results revealed that these bacteria enhanced the growth as compared to control plants. Bacterial isolates Streptomyces lydicus (Cn6), Staphylococcus aureus (Cn7) and Bacillus pumilus (PP3) showed strong ammonia producing effects. The isolates Bacillus subtilis (Cn2), PP2 and PP5 exhibited strong potential of HCN production whereas only Streptomyces lydicus (Cn6) and Bacillus pumilus (PP3) were observed to be auxin producers. A maximum increase in fresh weight of the plants was observed in treatment with PP2 showing 94.36% increase over controls. Cn1 showed an increase (26.12%) in shoot length while Cn5 revealed a prominent increase (64.95%) in root length compared to the control plant. The isolates Cn5 and Cn4 showed improvement in the total chlorophyll content of the treated plants with a percentage increase of 100% and 99.82%, respectively compared to the control.

Conclusion: In conclusion, these PGPR may be further used in agriculture research for growth improvement.
Dependencia e independencia en Venezuela
Authors: Parra Contreras Reyber
Published: August 2020

El editor de la Revista Latinoamericana de Difusión Científica analiza la historia reciente de Venezuela en el marco de la conmemoración de la independencia de esta nación. Afirma, al respecto, que la realidad del país da cuenta de su dependencia económica y política en relación con factores externos, ajenos al interés nacional.
Fundamentos filosóficos e ideológicos de la democracia en los siglos XIX y XX
Authors: Márquez Ramírez Jesús Alberto
Published: August 2020

Se analizan algunos fundamentos filosóficos e ideológicos de la democracia en los siglos XIX y XX, a partir del estudio de los postulados de varias doctrinas modernas acerca de este sistema de gobierno. Para ello se toma en cuenta la doctrina del positivismo, liberalismo, socialismo, anarquismo y la doctrina social de la Iglesia. También se toma como referencia, concretamente en el siglo XX, los aportes de Sartori para la comprensión del sistema democrático en Occidente. Se concluye que la mutación discursiva de la democracia no significa necesariamente una distorsión de sus postulados básicos: se trata de la simbiosis que se da entre las mentalidades o paradigmas dominantes de la política de una época determina, las mutaciones ideológicas adelantadas por los teóricos de la democracia y las condiciones materiales donde se insertan estos procesos objetivos y subjetivos.
DEVELOPMENT OF A METHODOLOGY FOR MANAGING OF SERVICE PACKAGES SUPPLY DIFFERENTIATION IN THE MODERN TOURIST MARKET
Authors: Ganski Uladzimir , Tsybouski Viktar , Kazlovski Vital , Zhou Weidi
Published: August 2020

The modern tourism market is characterized by an increased struggle of tour operators for consumers and meeting their needs. Today a condition for the successful functioning of travel companies is the increasing differentiation of supply and the expansion of the range of package tours and services. However, any solutions should be preceded by their theoretical development. During the course of article writing, the authors set themselves as a goal is an analytical understanding of the methodology for managing the differentiation of package tours and services in order to solve the problem of ensuring high consumer value based on their differentiation by consumer characteristics, regardless of the type of services package and the purpose of travel. The article substantiates the feasibility of managing the differentiation of package tours as a source of increasing their consumer value in the dynamics of consumer expectations, and also presents a new author’s methodology for studying the process of differentiation of package tours. The results of study are of theoretical and practical significance. They can be used as a basis for further scientific research, and they can also be used in the practical activities of tour operators to differentiate their offer in the market and thereby increase their competitiveness and increase profits.
GRB 200415A: A Short Gamma-Ray Burst from a Magnetar Giant Flare?
Authors: Yang Jun , Chand Vikas , Zhang Bin-Bin , Yang Yu-Han , Zou Jin-Hang , Yang Yi-Si , Zhao Xiao-Hong , Shao Lang , Xiong Shao-Lin , Luo Qi , Li Xiao-Bo , Xiao Shuo , Li Cheng-Kui , Liu Cong-Zhan , Joshi Jagdish C. , Sharma Vidushi , Chakraborty Manoneeta , Li Ye , Zhang Bing
Published: August 2020

The giant flares of soft gamma-ray repeaters (SGRs) have long been proposed to contribute to at least a subsample of the observed short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). In this paper, we perform a comprehensive analysis of the high-energy data of the recent bright short GRB 200415A, which was located close to the Sculptor galaxy. Our results suggest that a magnetar giant flare provides the most natural explanation for most observational properties of GRB 200415A, including its location, temporal and spectral features, energy, statistical correlations, and high-energy emissions. On the other hand, the compact star merger GRB model is found to have difficulty reproducing such an event in a nearby distance. Future detections and follow-up observations of similar events are essential to firmly establish the connection between SGR giant flares and a subsample of nearby short GRBs.
Gigayear-timescale Destruction of High-eccentricity Asteroids by Spin and Why 2006 HY51 Has Been Spared
Authors: Makarov Valeri V. , Goldin Alexey , Veras Dimitri
Published: August 2020

Asteroids and other small celestial bodies have markedly prolate shapes, and the perturbative triaxial torques that are applied during pericenter passages in highly eccentric orbits trigger and sustain a state of chaotic rotation. Because the prograde spin rate around the principal axis of inertia is not bounded from above, it can accidentally reach the threshold value corresponding to rotational breakup. Previous investigations of this process were limited to integrations of ∼103 orbits because of the stiff equation of motion. We present here a fast 1D simulation method to compute the evolution of this spin rate over ∼109 orbits. We apply the method to the most eccentric solar system asteroid known, 2006 HY51 (with e = 0.9684), and find that for any reasonably expected shape parameters it can never be accelerated to breakup speed. However, primordial solar system asteroids on more eccentric orbits may have already broken up from this type of rotational fission. The method also represents a promising opportunity to investigate the long-term evolution of extremely eccentric triaxial exo-asteroids (e > 0.99), which are thought to be common in white dwarf planetary systems.
Comparative analysis of morphological and molecular approaches integrated into the study of the dinoflagellate biodiversity within the recently deposited Black Sea sediments – benefits and drawbacks
Authors: Dzhembekova Nina , Rubino Fernando , Nagai Satoshi , Zlateva Ivelina , Slabakova Nataliya , Ivanova Petya , Slabakova Violeta , Moncheva Snejana
Published: August 2020

One of the assets, assigned to the phytoplankton resting stages, is that of serving as the “memory” of the aquatic ecosystems and preserved biodiversity in the course of time. However, an accurate cyst identification proves to be a more difficult and extremely challenging process, even today. In order to gain a better taxonomic coverage of cyst assemblages in the Black Sea, an integrated approach of the classical morphological identification with metabarcoding methods (MySeq sequencing of V7-V9 regions of the 18S rDNA) was applied on thirteen surface sediment samples collected from different sites. A total number of 112 dinoflagellate taxa was detected at the species level and ascribed to 51 genera. In general, it is the molecular analysis that yields a higher number of taxa as compared to those obtained through the morphological taxonomy (66 taxa based on the DNA sequences versus 56 morphologically-identified taxa). Besides, it should be pointed out that the integrated dataset includes 14 potentially toxic dinoflagellate species. Discerned, subsequently, was a good dataset consistency for ten species, followed by some discrepancies as to a number of taxa, identified with one of the methods only, due to specific methodological biases. On the whole, it could be concluded that the combination of morphological and molecular methods is likely to increase the potential for a more reliable taxonomic assessment of phytoplankton diversity in marine sediments which, in turn, proves conclusively the utmost importance of the integrated approach.
Australia’s wish list of exotic pets: biosecurity and conservation implications of desired alien and illegal pet species
Authors: Toomes Adam , Stringham Oliver C. , Mitchell Lewis , Ross Joshua V. , Cassey Phillip
Published: August 2020

Globalisation of the live pet trade facilitates major pathways for the transport and introduction of invasive alien species across longer distances and at higher frequencies than previously possible. Moreover, the unsustainable trade of species is a major driver for the over-exploitation of wild populations. Australia minimises the biosecurity and conservation risk of the international pet trade by implementing highly stringent regulations on the live import and keeping of alien pets beyond its international CITES obligations. However, the public desire to possess prohibited alien pets has never been quantified and represents a number of species that could be acquired illegally or legally under different future legislative conditions. As such, highly desirable species represent an ongoing conservation threat and biosecurity risk via the pet-release invasion pathway.

We aimed to characterise the Australian desire for illegal alien pets and investigate potential sources of external information that can be utilised to predict future desire. Using public live import enquiry records from the Australian Commonwealth Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment as a proxy for alien pet desire, we tested for differences in the proportion of species with threatened listings and records of invasions, after accounting for taxonomy. Additionally, we used a United States of America (U.S.) live imports dataset to infer pet demand in another Western market with less stringent regulations and determined whether species highly desired in Australia had higher U.S. trade demand than would be expected by chance.

The Australian public desire for alien pets is heavily and significantly biased towards species threatened with extinction, species popular in the U.S. trade and species with a history of successful invasions. Not only does this indicate the potential impacts of pet desire on invasion risk and the conservation of threatened species, but we also highlight the potential role of the U.S. trade as an effective predictor for Australian desire. Our research emphasises the value of novel datasets in building predictive capacity for improved biosecurity awareness.
« Se faire un film » ou réaliser un film avant de rédiger un texte. Deux expériences en classe
Authors: Galissier Céline , Tricot André
Published: August 2020

L’objectif est de comprendre dans quelle mesure la représentation imagée ou concrète d’une histoire peut améliorer la production écrite des élèves. Autant, dans le champ de la lecture, il est admis que la capacité à « se faire un film » témoigne de la qualité de la compréhension, autant, en écriture, cette hypothèse n’a pas été explorée. Dans une première expérience, nous avons réparti aléatoirement les élèves de deux classes de 6 e dans deux conditions expérimentales : écrire après avoir imaginé un film dans leur tête vs. sans cette consigne d’imagination. Dans une seconde expérience, les élèves devaient écrire après avoir réalisé un court-métrage vs. sans cette tâche de réalisation. Dans la première expérience, les résultats montrent un effet de la consigne d’imagination sur la présence de descriptions dans le texte. Dans la seconde expérience, la réalisation du film produit le même effet sur les descriptions, ainsi qu’un effet sur les indicateurs qui traduisent l’expérience des personnages, leur point de vue. Le fait de visualiser, par l’imagination ou concrètement, l’histoire que l’on doit écrire aurait donc un effet sur le contenu de la production écrite.
Infant emotional engagement in face-to-face and video chat interactions with their mothers
Authors: McClure Elisabeth , Chentsova-Dutton Yulia , Holochwost Steven , Parrott W. Gerrod , Barr Rachel
Published: August 2020

De nombreuses familles utilisent aujourd’hui le chat vidéo pour aider leur bébé à développer ou à maintenir des relations avec des membres de la famille éloignés ; cependant, il existe très peu de recherches qui comparent de façon systématique l’engagement émotionnel du nourrisson lors d’interactions en face à face et par vidéo. Une expérience a été réalisée en laboratoire avec 49 nourrissons âgés de 6 à 12 mois. Les bébés et les mères ont joué à coucou soit en face à face, soit par chat vidéo, soit par vidéo sans contenu. L’engagement des bébés a été évalué par le temps passé à sourire et à regarder, et l’activité physiologique a été simultanément enregistrée. Les résultats montrent des niveaux d’engagement similaires dans les trois conditions de présentation. Les bébés sourient tout aussi fréquemment et regardent leur mère pendant le même laps de temps, et leurs réponses physiologiques sont différenciables. Les sourires des bébés apparaissent de façon légèrement plus rapide lors d’une interaction en face à face que lors d’un chat vidéo. Enfin, les estimations globales de la sensibilité maternelle pendant les interactions semblent jouer un rôle plus important dans l’obtention de réponses positives de la part des bébés que le moyen par lequel ils interagissent. Ces résultats et les orientations futures de recherche sont discutés.
Après-propos. L’approche développementale, une voie vers des environnements numériques capacitants
Authors: Forestier Florian
Published: August 2020

Cet article souligne l’intérêt de l’approche développementale du numérique pour trois sujets (liés) que l’auteur a été amené à traiter. 1) Le débat actuellement en cours dans le champ des sciences humaines et qui veut faire de l’éducation une « thérapeutique » du numérique. 2) La conception d’une politique publique de l’Intelligence artificielle en éducation, en particulier en faveur d’une école plus inclusive. 3) L’utilisation plus particulière des outils numériques pour l’accompagnement des personnes autistes.
Les mots des résistants. Essai lexicographique
Authors: Marcot François
Published: August 2020

Sous l’Occupation la presse clandestine se donne pour mission de « rendre l’identité des mots et des choses » ( Combat , décembre 1942). Le corpus de 169 tracts et journaux clandestins diffusés en Franche-Comté entre 1940 et 1944, s’il emprunte aux grands organes nationaux, traite plus directement des relations entre la Résistance et la population. L’utilisation des techniques de la lexicologie permet ainsi de saisir comment varie le processus d’autodésignation : la Résistance pour les tracts et journaux des Mouvements (Combat, MUR, Libération-Nord, Lorraine, Défense de la France), la France pour ceux des communistes de la mouvance communiste (PCF, Front national, CGT, comités divers…), qui n’emploient presque jamais le terme de Résistance. De même pour la désignation de leurs lecteurs : la population dans son ensemble du côté des Mouvements, des catégories très particulières (femmes, jeunes ouvriers, paysans…) du côté des communistes. Les tracts clandestins des uns et des autres n’ont donc pas la même fonction : ceux des Mouvements informent, ceux des communistes veulent mobiliser. Leur analyse révèle des différences de cultures et de stratégies – proclamées ou masquées – qui évoluent avec le temps.
Pierre Laborie : le cinéma ou le souffle de l’histoire
Authors: Laurent Natacha
Published: August 2020

Si le cinéma ne constitua pas l’objet principal des recherches de Pierre Laborie, il n’en occupa pas moins une place importante et originale dans son travail, son parcours, sa pratique et sa conception de l’histoire. Au-delà de l’intérêt qu’il ne cessa de porter à l’œuvre de Marcel Ophuls, Le chagrin et la pitié , il choisit très tôt d’intégrer des films dans son univers de chercheur, et à une époque où cette démarche n’avait rien d’évident. Mû par la volonté d’explorer la complexité du social, il trouva ainsi dans le cinéma un exceptionnel réservoir où pouvaient se condenser les représentations. Passionné par le processus de fabrication des images animées, il exerça le rôle de conseiller historique à plusieurs reprises, ce qui le conduisit à réfléchir au décalage entre histoire et écriture cinématographique. Le cinéma devint ainsi son allié pour revenir, inlassablement, aux enjeux posés par l’écriture de l’histoire.
Gouverner le désir de rivage. La fondation du Conservatoire du littoral, 1972-1978
Authors: Bécot Renaud , Parrinello Giacomo
Published: August 2020

Alors que le Conservatoire du littoral est une organisation emblématique de l’action publique environnementale, sa fondation fut initiée par les acteurs qui étaient à l’origine de l’expansion du tourisme de masse pendant les Trente Glorieuses. Au début des années 1970, les milieux de l’aménagement du territoire et de l’économie des loisirs estiment que la colonisation des rivages érode leur attractivité. Dès lors, le Conservatoire du littoral devient un dispositif de correction des impensés écologiques d’une pression anthropique croissante, en articulant les démarches de protection et de valorisation des littoraux. L’écologisation graduelle de l’organisation se produit dans le travail des agents qui entreprennent une requalification environnementale de dispositifs qui avaient été forgés à des fins d’aménagement du territoire. En s’appuyant sur des archives inédites, cet article retrace la création de cette institution de sa première conception en 1972 à sa consolidation en 1978.
Les entreprises globales face à l’environnement, 1988-1992. Engagements volontaires, management vert et labels
Authors: Pestré Dominique
Published: August 2020

L’attitude de la plupart des entreprises globales vis-à-vis des questions environnementales change vers 1990. L’article défend l’idée qu’il y a là deux nouveautés. À travers leurs organisations, comme la Chambre de commerce internationale, les entreprises globales se positionnent au centre du jeu environnemental. Mais il s’agit aussi de refuser les modes de management mis en place par les États et de promouvoir l’autonomie de partenaires s’engageant librement sur des contrats. L’article détaille d’abord comment les entreprises ont organisé ce mouvement. Il regarde ensuite comment le management et les audits devinrent environnementalistes, et comment les labels devinrent privés. Il se clôt sur les nouvelles formes d’hégémonie que représentent ces propositions, et sur les formes alternatives apparues en parallèle, notamment aux États-Unis, et qui reposent sur la négation du changement climatique.
« Nous ne sommes pas en vacances, nous voulons réformer l’enseignement » : 68 à hauteur d’élèves
Authors: Neuville Elsa
Published: August 2020

Les mobilisations des élèves de l’enseignement secondaire en mai et juin 1968 sont principalement connues pour Paris. Cet article les envisage du point de vue des élèves de l’académie de Lyon, en prenant en compte autant que possible tous les types d’enseignement (technique long ou court, général, mixte ou non). Les archives utilisées permettent de proposer un tableau de leur participation aux mobilisations en termes de progression chronologique, de nombre d’établissements touchés et de modalités de mobilisations. Une plongée dans le quotidien de ces deux mois est ensuite esquissée – cette approche au ras du sol permettant de mesurer ce que se mobiliser a pu signifier pour des élèves qui connaissent un encadrement social fort. Enfin, envisager de leur point de vue l’après-mai permet de percevoir pourquoi certains élèves en ressortent avec le sentiment de victoire, alors que les conséquences de ces deux mois sont souvent présentées comme mineures pour l’enseignement secondaire.
Le vote de la communauté algérienne à l’étranger : Quels enjeux pour les partis politiques ?
Authors: Benzenine Belkacem
Published: August 2020

Depuis la réforme du code électoral en 1996, la communauté algérienne à l’étranger participe aux élections législatives pour élire ses représentants. Bien qu’il s’agisse de huit sièges seulement réservés aux Algériens à l’étranger, ces élections ont permis pour la première fois aux partis politiques de solliciter les voix de la communauté algérienne établie à l’étranger. L’objectif de l’article est de mettre l’accent sur la représentation des partis politiques algériens à l’étranger en tenant compte des résultats des élections législatives organisées depuis 1997. Le nombre important d’électeurs algériens à l’étranger (presque un million) constitue pour les partis politiques, malgré le nombre restreint de sièges à pourvoir, une opportunité de se rapprocher des citoyens algériens à l’étranger. L’organisation de ces élections depuis vingt ans montre qu’il est question d’une représentation partisane très diversifiée, mais qui reflète les clivages entre partis politiques algériens. Quels sont les enjeux qui se profilent derrière la décision d’associer les Algériens à l’étranger à voter aux élections législatives ? Quelle est la stratégie mise en œuvre par les partis politiques pour gagner les voix des électeurs algériens établis à l’étranger ? Quels sont les enjeux qui mobilisent les partis politiques algériens à solliciter leurs voix ? Comment la compétition partisane se déroule-t-elle dans un territoire étranger ?
Development of Sunscreen Products Containing Titanium Dioxide and Aloe vera Gel
Authors: Kanthik Tatsanan , Lokham Sirilak , Sungthongjeen Srisagul
Published: August 2020

This study aimed to develop sunscreen emulsion from natural sunscreening agents, titanium dioxide and Aloe vera gel extract that have good sun protection efficacy. The effects of formulation variables i.e., particle size and amount of titanium dioxide, amount of Aloe vera gel extract (spray dried powder) and combination of sunscreening agents (titanium dioxide and Aloe vera gel extract) on physical properties and sun protection efficacy (e.g., SPF, UVA/UVB ratio, critical wavelength) of sunscreen products were evaluated. The results showed that the smaller particle size of titanium dioxide improved the sun protection efficacy and increased the UVB absorption edge of the products. SPF of the formulations could be ranked as Nanofine TiO2 (particle size 25–30 nm) > Kingruti T-01 TiO2 (particle size 200 nm) > Pigment TiO2 (particle size < 45,000 nm) and UVA/UVB ratio and critical wavelength of the formulations could be arranged in order as follows: Nanofine TiO2 < Kingruti T-01 TiO2 < Pigment TiO2. Increasing amount of titanium dioxide from 5 to 15 %w/w increased significantly viscosity and SPF of formulations. Aloe vera gel extract itself did not significantly affect SPF, however, combination of Aloe vera gel extract and titanium dioxide seemed to have synergistic effect on sun protection efficacy and decreased viscosity of the formulation. According to the results, the good sunscreen formulation consisted of 15 %w/w Nanofine TiO2, 5 %w/w Aloe vera gel spray dried powder in emulsion base because it was broad spectrum sunscreen and showed high SPF (27.53±1.92), high UVA/UVB ratio with critical wavelength higher than 370 nm.
Effect of Emulsifiers on Physical Properties and Stability of Oral Rice Bran Oil Nanoemulsions
Authors: Nongnuan Punnarut , Charnvanich Dusadee
Published: August 2020

The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of emulsifier types and concentrations on the physical properties and stability of rice bran oil O/W nanoemulsions for oral administration. The nanoemulsions were formulated by using 10% of rice bran oil (RBO) as an oil phase and either single emulsifier (1,3,5% sodium caseinate (SC) or 4,6,8% polysorbate 80 (P80)) or mixed emulsifiers (1,3,5% SC and 4,6,8% P80). The nanoemulsions were prepared by Microfluidizer® at 1,500 bar for five cycles and evaluated for droplet size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, pH, and viscosity. Their physical stability was tested under heating-cooling cycles for six cycles. The results indicated that the nanoemulsions with SC (162.50-163.48 nm) had a larger droplet size than those with P80 (90.11-105.94 nm). The concentration of SC had no significant effect on the droplet size, whereas increasing the P80 concentration resulted in a significant decrease in the droplet size. For the formulations with mixed emulsifiers, an increase in the concentration of the second emulsifier leaded to a decrease in the droplet size. All nanoemulsions had narrow size distribution (PDI < 0.2), negative charge, neutral pH value, and low viscosity. The nanoemulsions with alone SC showed a larger negative charge value as compared to those with alone P80 and mixed emulsifiers. All formulations with a single emulsifier were physically stable under heating-cooling cycles for six cycles, whereas the nanoemulsions with mixed emulsifiers showed good stability for only those with the low SC concentration (1%). The rice bran oil O/W nanoemulsions obtained from this study could be developed as oral delivery systems for further applications in the pharmaceutical and food industries.
Types of Solid Lipids on Physical Stability of Resveratrol-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers
Authors: Chamsai Benchawan , Samprasit Wipada , Opanasopit Praneet , Benjasirimongkol Pontip , Sriamornsak Pornsak
Published: August 2020

Resveratrol (Res) loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) were prepared by high shear homogenization and ultrasonication technique. Caprylic/capric glyceride (IM) was used as a liquid lipid, while glyceryl monostearate (GMS), beeswax (BW), palmitic acid (PA) and myristic acid (MA) at various concentrations (5, 10, 15, and 20 %w/w) were solid lipids. Polyoxyethylene 20 sorbitan monooleate or polysorbate 80 (Tween® 80) was use as a surfactant. The results showed that all concentration of PA and MA can be prepared the smaller particle NLC than that using GMS and BW according to the small molecule of MA and PA. The zeta potential of Res loaded NLCs were negative charge (-24.30 to -37.80 mV), which could be considered as a stable system. The stability studies revealed that NLCs with MA and PA showed a - high stability in particle size and zeta potential after storage at 40 ± 2°C /75 %RH for 3 months. These results suggested the MA and PA were suitable solid lipids for the NLCs preparation which have potential to be a nanoparticulate carrier for Res delivery.
Shelf-Life Extension of Dried Kaempferia parviflora Rhizomes by Gamma Irradiation
Authors: Krongrawa Wantanwa , Limmatvapirat Sontaya , Limmatvapirat Chutima
Published: August 2020

Kaempferia parviflora rhizomes exposed to gamma irradiation at doses of 0, 5, and 7.5 kGy were evaluated every 3 months for their microbial loads, contents of 5,7-dimethoxyflavone (DMF), total phenolic contents, and antioxidant activities (DPPH and FRAP assays) during 12 months of storage at 25 °C. After gamma irradiation, microbial loads were reduced below acceptable limits. Phytochemical contents in irradiated samples were significantly increased as compared to those of the control (0 kGy) while DPPH radical scavenging activities were significantly decreased. However, gamma irradiation had no effect on FRAP values. During storage of irradiated samples, phytochemical contents and antioxidant activities were gradually decreased whereas microbial loads were progressively increased. Even so, microbial quality of irradiated samples was less than acceptable limits through 12 months' storage. Gamma irradiation at doses of 5 and 7.5 kGy was sufficient to control microbial growth and T. castaneum infestation of K. parviflora rhizomes within acceptable limits for at least 12 months at 25 °C. Additionally, 5 and 7.5 kGy were effective doses to retain DMF and phenolics in K. parviflora rhizomes.
Combination Effects of Gambogic Acid on Imatinib Mesylate Cytotoxicity in Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Khaing Ei Mon , Saenpunya Thanika , Kerdklai Pittawas , Pangpongma Sornsawan , Vongvijit Sarisa , Phaechamud Thawatchai , Intaraphairot Torsak
Published: August 2020

Imatinib mesylate (IM) is a kinase inhibitor with inhibitory effect on colon cancer cell proliferation. However, some adverse effect of imatinib and drug resistance are challenges for maintenance the therapeutic effect with lowering the dose; thus, the combination with other substances was of interest. Gambogic acid (GA), a natural compound from gamboge, was revealed for inhibition of cell proliferation in many types of cancers. This research aimed to investigate the effect of GA on IM response in colorectal cancer cells, HT29 and HCT116. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of IM and GA was determined. Concentrations which lower than IC50 of each compound were combined and tested for the combination effects on HT29 and HCT116 cells. The results were analyzed using isobologram to assess the types of interaction. The combination index (CI) of the tests was calculated at the 3 different percentages of inhibition (IC50, IC60 and IC70). The finding indicated that IC50 and IC60 of the combination of 5 and 7 μM IM with 0.2-1.2 μM GA showed antagonism while IC70 showed additive effect in HT29 cell line. In HCT116 cell line, IC50 of 10 μM IM with 0.1-0.8 μM GA showed antagonism while IC60 and IC70 expressed additive effect. For the studies with IC50 and IC60 of 12 μM IM with 0.1-0.8 μM GA showed antagonistic result while IC70 showed additive effect. The result indicated that, at the lower IC studied, the CI obtained from the experiments indicated the inhibitory effects, while the higher IC, the results showed the changing trend from antagonistic to additive and synergistic effects of GA on IM.
Response Surface Optimization on Microencapsulation of Lemongrass Essential Oil Using Spray Drying
Authors: Boonsom Teerawat , Dumkliang Ekachai
Published: August 2020

Microencapsulation by spray drying is offered to prevent volatilization or degradation of lemongrass essential oil as food additives and ingredients in traditional medicines. In this process, oil is contained in microcapsules by enclosing with wall material. Although gum arabic is commonly used according to its encapsulation efficiency and stability, its cost is more expensive. This experiment used cassava starch for wall material because it was cheaper than gum and could get optimized condition for microencapsulation of lemongrass essential oil. The 3 factors of microcapsulation consisting of the mass ratio of CS:GA, mass ratio of wall: core materials, and inlet temperatures were optimized for maximum response, the process yield (PY) and encapsulation efficiency (EE) using response surface methodology. The results concluded that the highest weight replacement of cassava starch and gum arabic at 2.4:1, wall:core ratio 3.4-4.0:1 with inlet air temperature about 180 °C for spray drying was the optimal condition for was higher than 70 % PY and 85 % EE.
Effect of Modified Hydroxypropyl Tapioca Starch and Percentage of Drug Loading on Physical Property of Paracetamol Tablet
Authors: Patomchaiviwat Vipaluk , Limmatvapirat Sontaya , Sirisapaya Chaisai , Kolae Rohanee , Anantakul Kulmanee , Piriyaprasarth Suchada
Published: August 2020

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of modified hydroxypropyl tapioca starch (HPTS) and % drug loading on physical property of tablet. Paracetamol was used as model drug because of its poor compressibility. The filler ability of modified HPTS such as hydroxyl propyl oxidized tapioca starch (HPOTS), hydroxyl propyl crosslinked tapioca starch (HPCTS) and pregelatinized tapioca starch (PTS) were evaluated and compared with the commercial starch (Starch 1500®). Tablets were prepared by direct compression method and the percent drug loading were 15, 30, 45, 60, 75%. For modified HPTS, the hardness of the tablets tended to decrease when the concentration of paracetamol increased. At drug concentrations of 15-30%, HPOTS exhibited good performance of tablet as indicated by the high hardness, low friability and acceptable disintegration time. The obtained results were better than HPTS and comparable to Starch 1500®. Moreover, the results revealed that tablet containing PTS provided the highest hardness and prolonged disintegration time (>30 min) while tablet containing HPCTS showed rapid disintegration time (<2 min). Therefore, modified HPTS disclosed promising properties for application as tablet filler
Coates Lake Group in the Arctic Red River area, northern Mackenzie Mountains, Northwest Territories
Authors: Fallas K M
Published: August 2020

The Neoproterozoic Coates Lake Group is a known host for copper mineralization in the central Mackenzie Mountains. The previously documented 300 km long northwest-southeast trending outcrop belt of Coates Lake Group is extended by approximately 85 km to the
northwest based on mapping observations from the Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals program of the Geological Survey of Canada. Two units of the Coates Lake Group, Thundercloud Formation and Coppercap Formation, are herein documented from the Bonnet Plume Lake (NTS 106B) and Ramparts River (NTS
106G) map areas, including the region around Arctic Red River. No evidence of copper mineralization within the Coates Lake Group was observed in the Bonnet Plume Lake or Ramparts River map areas; however, observations in the region are limited.
Epidemiological & clinical characteristics & early outcome of COVID-19 patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital in India
Authors: Kayina Choro Athiphro , Haritha Damarla , Soni Lipika , Behera Srikant , Nair Parvathy Ramachandran , Gouri M. , Girish Kavitha , Deeparaj L. , Maitra Souvik , Anand Rahul Kumar , Ray Bikash Ranjan , Baidya Dalim Kumar , Subramaniam Rajeshwari
Published: August 2020

Background & objectives:

In this study we describe the epidemiological data, comorbidities, clinical symptoms, severity of illness and early outcome of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from a tertiary care teaching hospital in New Delhi, India.

Methods:

In this preliminary analysis of a prospective observational study, all adult patients admitted to the screening intensive care unit (ICU) of the institute who fulfilled the WHO case definition of COVID-19 and confirmed to have SARS-CoV-2 infection by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were included. Demographics, clinical data and 24 h outcome were assessed.

Results:

The preliminary analysis of 235 patients revealed that the mean age was 50.7±15.1 yr and 68.1 per cent were male. Fever (68.1%), cough (59.6%) and shortness of breath (71.9%) were the most common presenting symptoms. Hypertension (28.1%) and diabetes mellitus (23.3%) were the most common associated comorbid illnesses. Patients with mild, moderate, severe and critical illness were 18.3, 32.3, 31.1 and 18.3 per cent, respectively, at the time of ICU admission. The proportions (95% confidence interval) of patients requiring any form of oxygen therapy, oxygen therapy by high-flow nasal cannula and invasive mechanical ventilation were 77, 21.7 and 25.5 per cent, respectively, within 24 h of hospital admission. The 24 h ICU mortality was 8.5 per cent, and non-survivors had higher respiratory rate (P<0.01, n=198) and lower baseline oxyhaemoglobin saturation (P<0.001, n=198) at presentation and higher baseline serum lactate (P<0.01, n=122), total leucocyte count (P<0.001, n=186), absolute neutrophil count (P<0.001, n=132), prothrombin time (P<0.05, n=54) and INR (P<0.05, n=54) compared to survivors.

Interpretation & conclusions:

Nearly half of the patients presented with severe and critical disease and required high-flow nasal oxygen or invasive mechanical ventilation at admission. Severity of the presenting respiratory illness, haematological parameters and lactate rather than age or presence of comorbidity predicted early death within 24 h.
Clinical Application of Targeted Deep Sequencing in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients: Actionable Genomic Alteration in K-MASTER Project
Authors: Lee Youngwoo , Lee Soohyeon , Sung Jae Sook , Chung Hee-Joon , Lim Ah-reum , Kim Ju Won , Choi Yoon Ji , Park Kyong Hwa , Kim Yeul Hong
Published: August 2020

PurposeNext-generation sequencing (NGS) can facilitate precision medicine approaches in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. We investigated the molecular profiling of Korean mCRC patients under the K-MASTER project which was initiated in June 2017 as a nationwide precision medicine oncology clinical trial platform which used NGS assay to screen actionable mutations. Materials and MethodsAs of 22 January 2020, total of 994 mCRC patients were registered in K-MASTER project. Targeted sequencing was performed using three platforms which were composed of the K-MASTER cancer panel v1.1 and the SNUH FIRST Cancer Panel v3.01. If tumor tissue was not available, cell-free DNA was extracted and the targeted sequencing was performed by Axen Cancer Panel as a liquid biopsy.ResultsIn 994 mCRC patients, we found 1,564 clinically meaningful pathogenic variants which mutated in 71 genes. Anti-EGFR therapy candidates were 467 patients (47.0%) and BRAF V600E mutation (n=47, 4.7%), deficient mismatch repair/microsatellite instability–high (n=15, 1.5%), HER2 amplifications (n=10, 1.0%) could be incorporated with recently approved drugs. The patients with high tumor mutation burden (n=101, 12.7%) and DNA damaging response and repair defect pathway alteration (n=42, 4.2%) could be enrolled clinical trials with immune checkpoint inhibitors. There were more colorectal cancer molecular alterations such as PIK3CA, KRAS G12C, atypical BRAF, and HER2 mutations and even rarer but actionable genes that approved or ongoing clinical trials in other solid tumors.ConclusionK-MASTER project provides an intriguing background to investigate new clinical trials with biomarkers and give therapeutic opportunity for mCRC patients.
Emmanuel Levinas in predsokratiki
Authors: Rebula Tanja , Kovač Edvard
Published: August 2020

Levinas se kljub številnim antičnim mitološkim in širšim literarnim reminiscencam in kljub svoji zakoreninjenosti v judovskem duhovnem izročilu vedno znova vrača k izražanju, ki bi lahko doseglo vsakega človeka in ki bi bilo torej v tem smislu univerzalno, ker bi ga bilo mogoče izraziti z razumsko opredeljivimi pojmi. To pa ne pomeni, da bi želel omejiti filozofijo na golo formo logičnih kategorij in jo prikrajšati za njeno pravico do legitimnih vprašanj, ki od samih izvorov dalje ostajajo srčika filozofije v njenem etimološkem pomenu, torej ljubezni do modrosti, ki je veliko več kot samo razum. Ali še bolje – Levinas bo širil polje razuma z novo pojmovnostjo, a njegova modrost ostaja še vedno razumna. V kakšnem smislu pa gre pri Levinasu za »drugačno razumost«, je mogoče odkrivati le postopoma, skozi plasti njegovega »palimpsesta«.
Quod ore simul et opera docuit Hieronymus confessor, doctor maximus: Evhološka besedila na čast svetemu Hieronimu ter variabilnost njihovih prevodov
Authors: Aracki Rosenfeld OCist Nikolaj
Published: August 2020

Prispevek predstavi sklop evholoških besedil na čast svetemu Hieronimu: od prvih omemb v Gelazijevem zakramentarju do prenovljenega rimskega misala Pavla vi. Orisan je potek kompozicije temeljnih zakramentarjev in misalov rimskega obreda, ki so vir, iz katerega se je bogato razširil obstoječ misal. Predstavljeni so vidiki, ki bi jih za zvest prenos misli, izraženih v latinski evhologiji, v drug jezik, lahko upoštevali. Razširjeni konteksti umeščenega besedila namreč v bogoslužju omogočajo liturgičnemu besedilu, da lahko postane učinkovit dogodek vere. Njihovo neupoštevanje pa učinkovitost besedila omejuje. Zaradi pretežno filološke metode prevedeno evhološko besedilo uporabnika lahko doseže šele s katehezo, homilijo ali komentarjem. Tak pristop je neprimerljivo hitrejši in zaradi še neizdelanih študij za vsak posamezni formular se ohranja vtis, da je zahtevni proces inkulturacije rimskega obreda nujno potrebno centralno nadzorovati. Predstavljena so tudi obvezujoča navodila, s katerimi Cerkev že desetletja usmerja prevajanje in iz katerih postaja še bolj očitna teža in preroškost odločitev, ki jih je v korist vernikov naredila na drugem vatikanskem koncilu.
Stuck on the wrong track: 20 years of euro disillusion, denial, and delusion*
Authors: Bibow Jörg
Published: August 2020

This contribution assesses the functioning of Europe's Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) during the first 20 years of the euro's existence. It argues that two formative intellectual currents converged at Maastricht to shape the design and reception of the euro regime: ordoliberalism and neoliberalism. Germany's ordoliberalism inspired and shaped the euro regime design. Neoliberalism fashioned the reception of what was agreed at Maastricht under the influence of Bundesbank dogma and power. As a product of the zeitgeist, Europe got stuck with a deeply flawed euro regime. The Maastricht Treaty institutionalized an asymmetric (growth-unfriendly) policy regime. This suited the macroeconomic mainstream well, fighting the ‘1970s stagflation war’ for the past 40 years. Twenty years of euro disillusion have produced the exact opposite: ‘stagdeflation.’
La educación ambiental y el fortalecimiento de la conciencia ambiental en el estudiante universitario
Authors: Hernández Vigil Elver Piter
Published: August 2020

En el presente ensayo, se describen y proponen estrategias de educación ambiental integral para la universidad, con el objetivo de que formen parte de su programación y ambientalización curricular. Lo que conllevaría, a incrementar el nivel de conciencia ambiental y la conducta ambiental habitual del estudiante universitario. En ese contexto, se incluirían a todos los agentes de la comunidad universitaria y en especial a la población del entorno inmediato. El presente estudio ha tomado como referencia, los resultados de las investigaciones que se han hecho en los últimos años sobre educación ambiental, en la universidad peruana. Asimismo, los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible (ODS) de la ONU al 2030, organización global, que compromete a la universidad en la educación ambiental, como uno de sus roles fundamentales. Los resultados obtenidos en la actualidad, demuestran que la educación ambiental desarrollada por la universidad es de medio a bajo nivel de desarrollo. Lo que conlleva, a la relevancia de este tema, en donde existe la necesidad de la sociedad y de sus organizaciones públicas y privadas de contar con líderes profesionales con una formación integral ambiental, en el marco de universidades sostenibles como lo propone la ONU.
Knowledge of Forms of Address in Polish Heritage Speakers
Authors: Wolski-Moskoff Izolda
Published: August 2020

Limited knowledge of formal registers has been deemed one of the common characteristics of heritage speakers (Polinsky & Kagan, 2007). Because their exposure to the heritage language is generally limited to contact with immediate family, the language of heritage speakers may lack the elements normally acquired in formal settings. Polish formal forms of address, i.e., addressing all strangers and non-relative adults as pan “mister” or pani “madam,” as well as all the grammatical rules governing their use, such as third-person verbal morphology and the vocative case, are examples of such elements.
The present study investigated receptive knowledge of formal forms of address in Polish heritage speakers in the United States. In this study, nine heritage speakers, four L2 learners, and six native speakers of Polish judged the acceptability of utterances addressed to various persons in various formal situations. The results indicate that heritage speakers exhibit limited knowledge of formal forms of address, both in terms of the grammar involved and the social contexts that call for them – with the latter divergence, in particular, potentially attributable to transfer from English. The responses of heritage speakers differ significantly not only from those of native speakers, but also of L2 learners of Polish, who outperformed heritage speakers in this task. Since the use of formal forms of address and the vocative case in contemporary Polish is limited to formal settings, the limited knowledge of these forms in heritage speakers may result from the
insufficient input they receive.