bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical Classes Models for Three-Way Three-Mode Binary Data: Interrelations and Model Selection
Authors: Ceulemans Eva , Van Mechelen Iven
Published: July 2005

Several hierarchical classes models can be considered for the modeling of three-way three-mode binary data, including the INDCLAS model (Leenen, Van Mechelen, De Boeck, and Rosenberg, 1999), the Tucker3-HICLAS model (Ceulemans, Van Mechelen, and Leenen, 2003), the Tucker2-HICLAS model (Ceulemans and Van Mechelen, 2004), and the Tucker1-HICLAS model that is introduced in this paper. Two questions then may be raised: (1) how are these models interrelated, and (2) given a specific data set, which of these models should be selected, and in which rank? In the present paper, we deal with these questions by (1) showing that the distinct hierarchical classes models for three-way three-mode binary data can be organized into a partially ordered hierarchy, and (2) by presenting model selection strategies based on extensions of the well-known scree test and on the Akaike information criterion. The latter strategies are evaluated by means of an extensive simulation study and are illustrated with an application to interpersonal emotion data. Finally, the presented hierarchy and model selection strategies are related to corresponding work by Kiers (1991) for principal component models for three-way three-mode real-valued data.
Emotionserkennung in Gesichtern und emotionales Gesichtergedächtnis
Authors: Hoheisel Birgit , Kryspin-Exner Ilse
Published: July 2005

Zusammenfassung: Bei der Fähigkeit, Emotionen in Gesichtern zu erkennen, handelt es sich um eine angeborene und kulturübergreifende Leistung, die eine wesentliche evolutionäre sowie soziale Bedeutung hat. Über das Gedächtnis für emotionale Gesichter ist dagegen weniger bekannt. Aus diesem Grund wurden 278 Probanden mittels neu entwickeltem Emotionserkennungsverfahren (VERT 160) und emotionalem Gesichtergedächtnisverfahren (VIEMER) untersucht, um Einflussfaktoren wie Geschlecht und Alter auf die emotionale Diskriminationsfähigkeit und das emotionale Gedächtnis zu analysieren. Die Ergebnisse lassen keinen signifikanten Geschlechtereffekt erkennen. Das Alter zeigt einen hoch signifikanten Einfluss zugunsten der jüngeren Teilnehmer. Freude wurde am besten erkannt und Personen, die zuvor mit freudigem Gesicht zu sehen waren, auch besser wiedererkannt. Zusammenfassend unterstreichen die Ergebnisse die Notwendigkeit, soziodemografische Einflussvariablen auf emotionale Prozesse zu beachten.
Schlafstörungen bei hyperkinetischen Kindern - polysomnografische Untersuchungen zur Schlafstruktur und -architektur
Authors: Frölich Jan , Lehmkuhl Gerd , Wiater Alfred
Published: July 2005

Zusammenfassung: Fragestellung: In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurde der Frage nachgegangen, ob bei hyperkinetischen Kindern spezifische Auffälligkeiten in der Schlafstruktur und -architektur gefunden werden können und ob sie ein erhöhtes Risiko für das Auftreten einer schlafbezogenen Atmungsstörung vorweisen. Methoden: In einer Schlaflaboruntersuchung bei hyperkinetischen Kindern und schlafgestörten Kindern im Alter zwischen 6 und 12 Jahren wurde die polysomnografisch gemessene Schlafstruktur von hyperkinetischen Kindern (n = 36) verglichen mit den Ergebnissen nicht schlafgestörter Kinder (n = 87) sowie von Kindern mit Schlafstörungen (n = 15). Des Weiteren erfolgten gruppenvergleichende kardiorespirografische Analysen. Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse der Studie weisen aus, dass die Schlafstruktur nicht-schlafgestörter Kinder mit hyperkinetischen Störungen gegenüber unauffälligen Kindern nur geringe Abweichungen aufweist. Die festgestellten Auffälligkeiten schlafgestörter Kinder mit hyperkinetischen Störungen entsprechen dagegen in hohem Maße denen schlafgestörter Kinder ohne hyperkinetische Störung. Schlussfolgerungen: Unsere Studienergebnisse lassen deshalb vermuten, dass Schlafstörungen bei hyperkinetischen Kindern eher einer sich unabhängig von der hyperkinetischen Störung entwickelnden Schlafstörung zuzuordnen sind. Die Ergebnisse der Arbeit lassen außerdem erkennen, dass schlafgestörte hyperkinetische Kinder ein erhöhtes Risiko aufzuweisen scheinen im Hinblick auf eine komorbid bestehende oder - wahrscheinlich seltener - eine zugrunde liegende schlafbezogene Atmungsstörung.
Soziale und individuelle Determinanten des Tabakkonsums im frühen Jugendalter
Authors: Hohm Erika , Laucht Manfred , Schmidt Martin H.
Published: July 2005

Zusammenfassung: Fragestellung: Der Tabakkonsum von Jugendlichen soll hinsichtlich des Wirkungsgefüges individueller und sozialer Einflussfaktoren untersucht werden. Methodik: In einer prospektiven Längsschnittstudie an einer Geburtskohorte von 384 Kindern mit Risiken für die Entwicklung psychischer Auffälligkeiten wurden im Alter von 15 Jahren der jugendliche Tabakkonsum, mit dem Rauchen verbundene Erwartungen bezüglich Instrumentalität und Selbstwirksamkeit sowie der Tabakkonsum im Elternhaus und Freundeskreis erhoben. Ergebnisse: Etwa 60% der 15-Jährigen gaben an, jemals Zigaretten konsumiert zu haben, ca. 16% rauchten täglich. Eine geringe rauchbezogene Selbstwirksamkeit und eine hohe Anzahl tabakkonsumierender Freunde waren bei beiden Geschlechtern am engsten mit dem jugendlichen Zigarettenkonsum verbunden. Besonders gefährdet waren Jugendliche mit einem hohen Tabakkonsum im Freundeskreis, die sich als wenig selbstwirksam beschrieben. Während elterliches Rauchen einen direkten, aber geringen Einfluss auf den Tabakkonsum der Jugendlichen ausübte, erstreckte sich der deutlich stärkere Einfluss der Peers auch auf die individuellen rauchbezogenen Einstellungen. Schlussfolgerungen: Raucherfahrungen und rauchbezogene Einstellungen im frühen Jugendalter stehen in einem engen Zusammenhang mit den Konsumgewohnheiten des Freundeskreises.
Long-Term Memory Trace Activation for Vowels Depends on the Mother Tongue and the Linguistic Context
Authors: Peltola Maija S. , Aaltonen Olli
Published: July 2005

Abstract. The perception of native speech sounds is based on the automatically responding long-term memory traces. In second language (L2) learning, the perception of the target language speech sounds is filtered through the first language (L1) system, but new memory traces for L2 sounds may also evolve in cases of immigration. However, it seems that these new native-like memory traces are not formed in the context of classroom learning or early immersion. In experimental procedures, the language of the experimental setting is rarely varied systematically. We tested the effects of linguistic context on two groups of advanced Finnish students of English to see whether automatic and preattentive perception could also be affected by the linguistic context and explicit instructions. The first group was not informed as to whether the vowels were Finnish or English while the second group received explicit information in English that they were listening to English vowels. The results showed, firstly, that the latency of the mismatch negativity (MMN) response is affected by the mother tongue and, secondly, that the elicitation of the response seems to depend upon the linguistic context or explicit knowledge, i.e., on whether the subjects knew to which language they were listening. This implies that there may be two independent phonological systems, with the L1 system being primary, in advanced language learners, and that the preattentive perception may also be affected by contextual factors.
Eye-Fixation-Related Potentials: Insight into Parafoveal Processing
Authors: Baccino Thierry , Manunta Yves
Published: July 2005

Abstract. This paper presents a new methodology for studying cognition, which combines eye movements (EM) and event-related potentials (ERP) to track the cognitive processes that occur during a single eye fixation. This technique, called eye-fixation-related potentials (EFRP), has the advantage of coupling accurate time measures from ERPs and the location of the eye on the stimulus, so it can be used to disentangle perceptual/attentional/cognitive factors affecting reading. We tested this new technique to describe the controversial parafoveal-on-foveal effects on reading, which concern the question of whether two consecutive words are processed in parallel or sequentially. The experiment directly addressed this question by looking at whether semantic relatedness on a target word in a reading-like situation might affect the processing of a prime word. Three pair-word conditions were tested: A semantically associated target word (horse-mare), a semantically nonassociated target word (horse-table) and a nonword (horse-twsui); EFRPs were compared for all conditions. The results revealed that early ERP components differentiated word and nonword processing within 119 ms postfixation (N1 component). Moreover, the amplitude of the right centrofrontal P140 varied as a function of word type, being larger in response to nonassociated words than to nonwords. This component might index a spatial attention shift to the target word and its visual categorization, being highly sensitive to orthographic regularity and “ill-formedness” of words. The P2 consecutive component (peaking at 215 ms) differentiated associated words and nonassociated words, which can account for the semantic parafoveal effect. The EFRP technique, therefore, appears to be fruitful for establishing a time-line of early cognitive processes during reading.
Morphological variation in a toroid generated from a single polymer chain
Authors: Takenaka Y. , Yoshikawa K. , Yoshikawa Y. , Koyama Y. , Kanbe T.
Published: July 2005

A single semiflexible polymer chain folds into a toroidal object under poor solvent conditions. In this study, we examined the morphological change in such a toroidal state as a function of the cross-sectional area and stiffness of the chain together with the surface energy, which characterizes the segmental interaction parameter. Changes in the thickness and outer/inner radius on a toroid are interpreted in terms of these parameters. Our theoretical expectation corresponds to the actual morphological changes in a single giant DNA molecule as observed by electron microscopy.
Disorder scattering effect on the high-temperature lattice thermal conductivity of TiCoSb-based half-Heusler compounds
Authors: Zhou Min , Chen Lidong , Zhang Wenqing , Feng Chude
Published: July 2005

The lattice thermal conductivities of TiCoSb-based half-Heusler alloys are presented in the temperature range between 300 and 900K. A phenomenological model calculation of the high-temperature lattice thermal conductivities of these alloys was derived based on the Klemens–Callaway theory [Phys. Rev. 119, 507 (1960); ibid. 113, 1046 (1959)]. Good agreement was obtained between the calculated and the experimental data for TiCoSb, TiCo0.5Rh0.5Sb, and Ti0.5Zr0.5CoSb. Furthermore, the model predicts that simultaneously isoelectronic alloying on both Ti and Co sublattices could reduce the lattice thermal conductivity, and a κL value of 0.3W∕mK is predicted for Ti0.5Zr0.5Co0.5Rh0.5Sb at 900K.
Small-angle neutron scattering of dilute polystyrene chains at the protein limit of a colloid-polymer mixture
Authors: Kramer Thomas , Schweins Ralf , Huber Klaus
Published: July 2005

The present work investigates the structure of large polystyrene (PS) chains in solutions of small poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA) microgel particles in toluene. Toluene is a good solvent for the PS chains. The PEMA colloids have an outer radius of R=11nm which is much smaller in size than the radius of gyration Rg=58nm of the PS chains. The system is considered to represent the protein limit of polymer-colloid mixtures. Structural investigation is performed by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) using an appropriate contrast matching. This could be achieved by dissolving fully deuterated PS chains (D8-PS) in solutions of hydrogenated PEMA colloids in hydrogenated toluene (H-toluene). It is first demonstrated that PEMA colloids are satisfactorily contrast matched for SANS in H-toluene if the PEMA concentration does not exceed 200g∕l. Based on these findings, D8-PS is investigated by SANS in pure H-toluene and three different PEMA concentrations in H-toluene. The results indicate a drastic shrinking of D8-PS chain dimensions with increasing PEMA content. Comparison with model curves of star-branched Gaussian chains and Gaussian rings suggest a striking similarity of the respective density–density correlation of those models with the shrunken D8-PS chains. Along with this, a shrinking as large as 0.5 was estimated when the PEMA content reached 200g∕l.
Compact high-Q filters based on one-dimensional photonic crystals containing single-negative materials
Authors: Jiang Haitao , Chen Hong , Li Hongqiang , Zhang Yewen , Zhu Shiyao
Published: July 2005

A mechanism to design compact high-Q filters is proposed in this paper, based on the properties of a defect mode in a one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystal composed of alternating layers of negative-permeability material and negative-permittivity material. The eigenfrequency equation for the defect mode is derived by means of the transfer-matrix method, and then, the dependence of the eigenfrequency on the thicknesses of the two host layers and the defect layer is calculated. In contrast to the case for a filter based on a conventional 1D photonic crystal (with positive refractive indices), we find that the quality factor Q of the filter involved in this paper can be boosted noticeably while the volume of the filter decreases.
Bosonic color-flavor transformation for the special unitary group
Authors: Wei Yi , Wettig Tilo
Published: July 2005

We extend Zirnbauer’s color-flavor transformation in the bosonic sector to the color group SU(Nc). Because the flavor group U(Nb,Nb) is noncompact, the algebraic method by which the original color-flavor transformation was derived leads to a useful result only for 2Nb⩽Nc. Using the character expansion method, we obtain a different form of the transformation in the extended range Nb⩽Nc. This result can also be used for the color group U(Nc). The integrals to which the transformation can be applied are of relevance for the recently proposed boson-induced lattice gauge theory.
Nanoscale polarization relaxation in a polycrystalline ferroelectric thin film: Role of local environments
Authors: Nagarajan V. , Aggarwal S. , Gruverman A. , Ramesh R. , Waser R.
Published: July 2005

In this letter, we report on the study of nanoscale polarization relaxation phenomena in polycrystalline PbZr0.4Ti0.6O3 films. Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) images of the as-grown sample reveal grains with a range of contrast, from fully white to gray to fully black. It is shown that this local change in the contrast (magnitude) of the piezoresponse from grain to grain can be attributed to the crystallographic orientation within each grain. PFM-based relaxation experiments show that the rate of relaxation is different for each grain, furthermore it is strongly dependent on the tilt of individual crystallographic orientation with respect to the polar axis. Strongly tilted away nonpolar axis grains show a much stronger decay of the polarization compared to polar axis-oriented grains. Therefore, for an ensemble of grains under a common top electrode, the relaxation events would first take place in grains, which are nonpolar axis oriented.
Strongly temperature-dependent free-energy barriers measured in a polycrystalline semiconductor
Authors: Young David L. , Crandall Richard S.
Published: July 2005

We measured temperature-dependent changes in free-energy barriers for emission of holes and electrons from metastable defects in polycrystalline CuIn1−xGaxSe2 using transient capacitance techniques. The free-energy barrier for holes increases by 17 meV, while the barrier for electrons decreases by 30 meV as the temperature increases from 380 to 400 K. The usual relation between thermal emission time and activation energy is reversed in this temperature range (we find a shorter emission time for the larger activation energy). Large entropy changes of +15kB and −21kB for the electron and hole emission, respectively, are calculated using transition-rate theory. These entropy terms in the free energy barrier account for the temperature dependences and the emission time inversion.
Photographic surveying of minority carrier diffusion length in polycrystalline silicon solar cells by electroluminescence
Authors: Fuyuki Takashi , Kondo Hayato , Yamazaki Tsutomu , Takahashi Yu , Uraoka Yukiharu
Published: July 2005

Photographic surveying of the minority carrier diffusion length distribution in polycrystalline silicon solar cells was proposed. Light emission from the cell under the forward bias was captured by a charge coupled device camera. We have found that the intensity distribution of light emission clearly agreed with the mapping of minority carrier diffusion length in polycrystalline silicon active layers. The emission intensity had a one-to-one relationship with the minority carrier diffusion length, which yielded a semiquantitative analysis method of the diffusion length mapping and the detection of the deteriorated areas.
Room-temperature epitaxial growth of ferromagnetic Fe3Si films on Si(111) by facing target direct-current sputtering
Authors: Yoshitake T. , Nakagauchi D. , Ogawa T. , Itakura M. , Kuwano N. , Tomokiyo Y. , Kajiwara T. , Nagayama K.
Published: July 2005

Ferromagnetic Fe3Si thin films with an extremely smooth surface morphology can be epitaxially grown on Si(111) at room temperature by facing target direct-current sputtering. The epitaxial relationship is Fe3Si(111)‖Si(111) with Fe3Si[11¯0]‖Si[1¯10]. By the application of the extinction rule of x-ray diffraction, the generated Fe3Si was confirmed to possess a B2 structure and not a DO3 one. The film showed a saturation magnetization value of 960emu∕cm3, which was slightly lower than that of bulk DO3-Fe3Si. It was observed that the magnetization easy axis was along the [11¯0] direction in the film plane.
Highly sensitive strain detection in strained silicon by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Hayazawa Norihiko , Motohashi Masashi , Saito Yuika , Kawata Satoshi
Published: July 2005

We used surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy to observe selective amplification of the vibration mode of Si–Si in strained silicon. By covering the silver island film on a strained silicon layer, the Raman signal from the strained silicon can be detected with a high sensitivity compared with the overwhelming background signal from the underlying silicon layer. This technique allowed us to carry out micro-Raman spectroscopy on strained silicon. This technique can be a precursor for nano-Raman spectroscopy using a tip-enhanced Raman microscope with a sharpened metallic probe tip.
Ultrafast carrier dynamics in ZnO nanorods
Authors: Sun Chi-Kuang , Sun Shih-Ze , Lin Kung-Hsuan , Zhang Kenneth Yi-Jie , Liu Hsiang-Lin , Liu Sai-Chang , Wu Jih-Jen
Published: July 2005

Free exciton and above-band-gap free carrier dynamics in ZnO nanorods have been investigated at room temperature with a femtosecond transient transmission measurement. Following the photoexcitation of above-band-gap free carriers, an extremely fast external thermalization time on the order of 200 fs can be observed. Under high excitation, hot phonon effects were found to delay the carrier cooling process. While the photoexcitation energy was tuned to match the free exciton transition, stable exciton formation can be uncovered while no evident exciton ionization process can be found unless the photoexcited exciton density exceeded the Mott density.
Controlled band offset in (Gd2O3)1−x(SiO2)x(0⩽x⩽1)∕n–GaAs (001) structure
Authors: Yang Jun-Kyu , Park Hyung-Ho
Published: July 2005

This letter investigates the chemistry and energy band structure of (Gd2O3)1−x(SiO2)x(0⩽x⩽1) films grown on n-GaAs (001). Dielectric band gap and interfacial band alignment of Gd2O3 films were modified by compounding with SiO2. Binding energy shift of core level was observed from different electronegativity of second nearest-neighbor element. Controlled parameters of energy band structure were systematically characterized by valence band, absorption, and energy loss spectra. Assuming no Fermi level pinning in the midgap of n-GaAs, band offset values represent almost linear dependency on the concentration of SiO2. The correlation of band offset with the electrical properties, as probed by capacitance and leakage current measurements, was also discussed.
Ferromagnetism and metal-like transport in antiferromagnetic insulator heterostructures
Authors: Padhan P. , Murugavel P. , Prellier W.
Published: July 2005

Strained Pr0.5Ca0.5MnO3∕La0.5Ca0.5MnO3∕Pr0.5Ca0.5MnO3 trilayers were grown on (001)-SrTiO3 substrates using the pulsed-laser deposition technique. The coupling at the interfaces of several trilayers has been investigated from magnetization and electronic transport experiments. An increase of La0.5Ca0.5MnO3 layer thickness induces a magnetic ordering in the strain layers and at the interfaces, leading to ferromagnetic behavior and enhanced coercivity, while resistivity shows metal-like behaviors. These effects are not observed in the parent compounds, which are antiferromagnetic insulators, opening a path to induce artificially some novel properties.
Thermally stable visible-blind diamond photodiode using tungsten carbide Schottky contact
Authors: Liao Meiyong , Koide Yasuo , Alvarez Jose
Published: July 2005

We have developed a thermally stable, deep-ultraviolet (DUV) photodiode using tungsten carbide (WC) Schottky and Ti/WC ohmic contacts for a boron-doped homoepitaxial p-diamond epilayer. Effects of thermal annealing in an argon ambient on the electrical and photoresponse properties were investigated. Annealing at temperatures up to 550°C improves the rectifying current-voltage characteristics, resulting in a dramatic enhancement of DUV responsivity at 220nm by a factor of 4×103. A blind ratio as large as 105 between DUV and visible light has been achieved at a reverse bias as small as 1V. Development of the thermally stable WC-based Schottky and ohmic contacts provides a route for stable operation of a diamond photodetector at high temperatures.
Eu locations in Eu-doped InGaN∕GaN quantum dots
Authors: Andreev Thomas , Monroy Eva , Gayral Bruno , Daudin Bruno , Liem Nguyen Quang , Hori Yuji , Tanaka Mitsuhiro , Oda Osamu , Le Si Dang Daniel
Published: July 2005

We report on the photoluminescence and photoluminescence excitation studies of Eu-doped wurtzite InGaN quantum dots (QDs) embedded in a GaN matrix grown by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy. The location of Eu3+ ions either in InGaN QDs or in the GaN spacing layer is assigned by comparing the different behaviors of the D05→F27 emission around 620nm under various photoexcitation energies and temperatures to those observed in Eu-doped GaN∕AlN QDs and a Eu-doped GaN thick layer.
Low-temperature metalorganic chemical vapor deposition of luminescent manganese-doped aluminum nitride films
Authors: Sato A. , Azumada K. , Atsumori T. , Hara K.
Published: July 2005

Mn-doped AlN films have been prepared at a substrate temperature of 400°C by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition using bismethylcyclopentadienyl manganese as a Mn source. The Mn concentration in the films (CMn) was controlled extensively in the region from 2×1018to1×1021cm−3. The samples showed red-orange photoluminescence (PL) and cathodoluminescence (CL) originated from the transition of 3d-electrons in Mn ions incorporated in AlN. The maximum emission intensities were observed at different CMn for PL and CL, which was discussed in terms of the excitation mechanism of the Mn center. The electroluminescence (EL) property was also investigated by fabricating thin-film EL devices with the AlN:Mn active layer on glass substrates.
Highest conductivity oxide SrMoO3 grown by a floating-zone method under ultralow oxygen partial pressure
Authors: Nagai Ichiro , Shirakawa Naoki , Ikeda Shin-ichi , Iwasaki Ryusuke , Nishimura Hiroshi , Kosaka Masashi
Published: July 2005

Single crystals of a highly conductive oxide SrMoO3 have been grown by a floating-zone method under argon atmosphere with ultralow oxygen partial pressure p(O2)∼10−25atm. The obtained single crystals of SrMoO3 reveal quite low resistivity at 300 K ρ(300K)=5.1μΩcm, which is the lowest to date in the values of ρ(300K) of all the oxides. Resistivity and specific heat data suggest that electrons in SrMoO3 behave as the Fermi liquid (correlated electron), and that its low resistivity is due to the extremely small electron-phonon interaction in SrMoO3.
Rapid switching in a dual-frequency hybrid aligned nematic liquid crystal cell
Authors: Jewell S. A. , Taphouse T. S. , Sambles J. R.
Published: July 2005

We report the optical characterization of a dual-frequency hybrid aligned nematic (HAN) liquid crystal cell driven between two states using a multiple-frequency sinusoidal pulse. The complex dynamic director structure formed during the fast switching process is resolved in unprecedented detail on a submillisecond time scale. The results reveal backflow effects and a total switching time that is substantially faster than that achievable with conventional HAN cells.
Electrode and grain-boundary effects on the conductivity of CaCu3Ti4O12
Authors: Zhang Lei
Published: July 2005

The ac conductivity of CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) ceramics was studied in the temperature range 173<T<443K. The dc conductivities containing the components of electrodes (σe) and grain boundaries (σgb) were measured, from which a thermal activation energies of ∼0.54eV was inferred. Different behaviors of dielectric relaxations are responsible for the two contributing components.
Effects of growth temperature on the structural and optical properties of 1.55μm GaInNAsSb quantum wells grown on GaAs
Authors: Bank Seth R. , Yuen Homan B. , Wistey Mark A. , Lordi Vincenzo , Bae Hopil P. , Harris James S.
Published: July 2005

We investigate the effects of growth temperature on the structural and optical properties of GaInNAsSb single quantum wells grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Peak room-temperature photoluminescence occurred at 1.65μm as-grown and at 1.55μm under optimal annealing conditions. Excellent room-temperature optical efficiency was observed from samples grown between 420 and 460 °C, with a maximum at 440 °C. However, luminescence was degraded approximately two orders of magnitude for a sample grown at 470 °C. High-resolution x-ray diffraction showed substantial structural degradation and a reduction in strain for the 470 °C sample. Low temperature photoluminescence measurements were also employed to study localization and quenching effects; both became more severe with increasing growth temperature.
Size dependence, nucleation, and phase transformation of FePt nanoparticles
Authors: Ding Yi , Majetich Sara A.
Published: July 2005

Monolayers of chemically prepared FePt nanoparticles were deposited on silicon nitride membrane windows, and annealed under different conditions. Hysteresis loops showed a bimodal distribution of switching fields. The size dependence determined from transmission electron microscopy was correlated with the magnetic switching field distribution, assuming that all particles above a threshold size d* had high anisotropy. This simplified model yielded a common value of d*, independent of the annealing conditions. The dependence of d* on the initial particle size indicated the importance of grain boundaries as nucleation sites, and supports the hypothesis that the fcc-to-fct phase transformation is kinetically limited.
Electrical detection of immobilized proteins with ungated AlGaN∕GaN high-electron-mobility Transistors
Authors: Kang B. S. , Ren F. , Wang L. , Lofton C. , Tan Weihong W. , Pearton S. J. , Dabiran A. , Osinsky A. , Chow P. P.
Published: July 2005

Ungated AlGaN∕GaN high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) structures were functionalized in the gate region with aminopropyl silane. This serves as a binding layer to the AlGaN surface for attachment of fluorescent biological probes. Fluorescence microscopy shows that the chemical treatment creates sites for specific absorption of probes. Biotin was then added to the functionalized surface to bind with high affinity to streptavidin proteins. The HEMT drain-source current showed a clear decrease of 4μA as this protein was introduced to the surface, showing the promise of this all-electronic detection approach for biological sensing.
Perovskite manganite magnetic tunnel junctions with enhanced coercivity contrast
Authors: Ishii Y. , Yamada H. , Sato H. , Akoh H. , Kawasaki M. , Tokura Y.
Published: July 2005

We have fabricated (La,Sr)MnO3 (LSMO)-based magnetic tunnel junctions with Ru-doped LSMO (LSMRO) film used as one of the electrodes. The Ru doping enhances the coercivity of LSMO, resulting in a sharp steplike tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) response with a high contrast in the coercive field (Hc) for magnetization reversal. Although the difference of the Hc between the top LSMRO and the bottom LSMO electrodes decreases with increasing the temperature, it is large enough to give a clear TMR response even at a relatively higher temperature region of around 200K. By changing the dimensions of the top LSMRO electrode, the Hc is found to have no dependence on the geometric aspect variations of the top electrode but slightly on the junction area.
Replication and packaging of Norwalk virus RNA in cultured mammalian cells
Authors: Asanaka Miyuki , Atmar Robert L. , Ruvolo Vivian , Crawford Sue E. , Neill Frederick H. , Estes Mary K.
Published: July 2005

Human noroviruses, the most common cause of nonbacterial gastroenteritis, are characterized by high infectivity rate, low infectious dose, and unusually high stability outside the host. However, human norovirus research is hindered by the lack of a cell culture system and a small animal model of infection. Norwalk virus (NV) is the prototype strain of human noroviruses. We report here replication of NV viral RNA and its packaging into virus particles in mammalian cells by intracellular expression of native forms of NV viral RNA devoid of extraneous nucleotide sequences derived from the expression vector by the use of replication-deficient vaccinia virus MVA encoding the bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase (MVA/T7). Expressed genomic RNA was found to replicate; NV subgenomic RNA was transcribed from genomic RNA by use of NV nonstructural proteins expressed from genomic RNA and was subsequently translated into NV capsid protein VP1. Viral genomic RNA was packaged into virus particles generated in mammalian cells. The cesium chloride (CsCl) density gradient profile of virus particles containing genomic RNA was similar to that of NV purified from stool. These observations indicate that the NV cDNA constructed here is a biologically infectious clone, and that mammalian cells have the ability to replicate NV genomic RNA. This work establishes a mammalian cell-based system for analysis of human norovirus replication and, thus, makes it feasible to investigate antiviral agents in mammalian cells.
Altered axonal architecture by removal of the heavily phosphorylated neurofilament tail domains strongly slows superoxide dismutase 1 mutant-mediated ALS
Authors: Lobsiger Christian S. , Garcia Michael L. , Ward Christopher M. , Cleveland Don W.
Published: July 2005

Eliminating assembled neurofilaments (NFs) from axons or misaccumulating NFs in motor neuron cell bodies strongly slows disease in mouse models of mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1)-induced amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. One proposal for how reducing axonal NFs can increase survival is that the multiphosphorylated tail domains of the two larger NF subunits act in motor neuron cell bodies as phosphorylation sinks where they mitigate cyclin-dependent kinase 5 dysregulation induced by mutant SOD1. Elimination by gene targeting in mice of the NF medium and NF heavy tail domains and their 58 known phosphorylation sites accelerates aberrant phosphorylation of other neuronal substrates while leaving overall NF content unaltered. However, disease onset is significantly delayed and survival is extended, inconsistent with the ameliorative property of altered NF content protecting by serving as substrates for dysregulation of any NF kinase. Moreover, at comparable disease stages significantly more surviving motor neurons and axons were found in SOD1 mutant mice deleted in the NF tails than in similar mice with wild-type NFs. This finding supports noncell autonomous toxicity in SOD1 mutant-mediated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: removal of the NF tails slows damage developed directly within motor neurons, but SOD1 mutant damage within nonneuronal supporting cells reduces motor neuron functionality.
The chaperones MPP11 and Hsp70L1 form the mammalian ribosome-associated complex
Authors: Otto Hendrik , Conz Charlotte , Maier Philipp , Wölfle Tina , Suzuki Carolyn K. , Jenö Paul , Rücknagel Peter , Stahl Joachim , Rospert Sabine
Published: July 2005

Soluble Hsp70 homologs cotranslationally interact with nascent polypeptides in all kingdoms of life. In addition, fungi possess a specialized Hsp70 system attached to ribosomes, which in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
consists of the Hsp70 homologs Ssb1/2p, Ssz1p, and the Hsp40 homolog zuotin. Ssz1p and zuotin are assembled into a unique heterodimeric complex termed ribosome-associated complex. So far, no such specialized chaperones have been identified on ribosomes of higher eukaryotes. However, a family of proteins characterized by an N-terminal zuotin-homology domain fused to a C-terminal two-repeat Myb domain is present in animals and plants. Members of this family, like human MPP11 and mouse MIDA1, have been implicated in the regulation of cell growth. Specific targets of MPP11/MIDA1, however, have remained elusive. Here, we report that MPP11 is localized to the cytosol and associates with ribosomes. Purification of MPP11 revealed that it forms a stable complex with Hsp70L1, a distantly related homolog of Ssz1p. Complementation experiments indicate that mammalian ribosome-associated complex is functional in yeast. We conclude that despite a low degree of homology on the amino acid level cooperation of ribosome-associated chaperones with the translational apparatus is well conserved in eukaryotic cells.
Ultraviolet vision and foraging in dip and plunge diving birds
Authors: Håstad Olle , Ernstdotter Emma , Ödeen Anders
Published: July 2005

Many fishes are sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) light and display UV markings during courtship. As UV scatters more than longer wavelengths of light, these signals are only effective at short distances, reducing the risk of detection by swimming predators. Such underwater scattering will be insignificant for dip and plunge diving birds, which prey on fishes just below the water surface. One could therefore expect to find adaptations in the eyes of dip and plunge diving birds that tune colour reception to UV signals. We used a molecular method to survey the colour vision tuning of five families of dip or plunge divers and compared the results with those from sister taxa of other foraging methods. We found evidence of extended UV vision only in gulls (Laridae). Based on available evidence, it is more probable that this trait is associated with their terrestrial foraging habits rather than piscivory.
Interaction strength and extinction risk in a metacommunity
Authors: Guichard Frédéric
Published: July 2005

Species interactions and connectivity are both central to explaining the stability of ecological communities and the problem of species extinction. Yet, the role of species interactions for the stability of spatially subdivided communities still eludes ecologists. Ecological models currently address the problem of stability by exploring the role of interaction strength in well mixed habitats, or of connectivity in subdivided communities. Here I propose a unification of interaction strength and connectivity as mechanisms explaining regional community stability. I introduce a metacommunity model based on succession dynamics in coastal ecosystems, incorporating limited dispersal and facilitative interactions. I report a sharp transition in regional stability and extinction probability at intermediate interaction strength, shown to correspond to a phase transition that generates scale-invariant distribution and high regional stability. In contrast with previous studies, stability results from intermediate interaction strength only in subdivided communities, and is associated with large-scale (scale-invariant) synchrony. These results can be generalized to other systems exhibiting phase transitions to show how local interaction strength can be used to resolve the link between regional community stability and pattern formation.
Nocturnal life of young songbirds well before migration
Authors: Mukhin Andrey , Kosarev Vlad , Ktitorov Pavel
Published: July 2005

In songbirds, nocturnal activity is believed to be a characteristic feature of migration. However, unlike experimental conditions where the onset of nocturnal restlessness is defined as a shift of activity leading up to the dark period, this behaviour has, until now, not been observed in natural conditions. Here we studied the nocturnal behaviour of radio-tagged juvenile Eurasian reed warblers (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) during the pre-migratory period. The birds started nocturnal flights at the age of 38 days, whereas migration did not commence until they were at least 50 days old. The birds left their natal site by nocturnal flights and repeatedly returned to it. Such shuttle movements suggest the existence of a previously unknown period of nocturnal activity. Motivation to perform such night flights gradually increases with age. We relate the function of these nocturnal pre-migratory flights to the development of a stellar compass, necessary for detecting the compass direction towards winter quarters and for the formation of a navigational target, which will be used during return (spring) migration.
Digital library services at the Indian Statistical Institute
Authors: Krishnamurthy M.
Published: July 2005

Purpose

Aims to share the experience of the design of digital library in relation to digitise of database and making use of user community with a view to give an efficient library practice.

Design/methodology/approach

Presents a case study approach to the design of digital library service to provide insight in to the development of online resources.

Findings

Important services like online resource, online public access catalogue (OPAC), consortium and how these sources are helpful in building digital collection in Indian Statistical Institute Bangalore library are discussed.

Practical implications

In a short period, considerable progress has been made in consortium project in the Indian Statistical Institute libraries. To meet the vision of the academic environment, the library has set up in place strategies that will enable it to provide new information services by which more users of the institution will benefit.

Originality/value

Gives an introduction to the digitations of the Indian Statistical Institute Library, Ban galore. Focuses on the key initiatives of the various databases.
Temple of the computer
Authors: Falk Howard
Published: July 2005

Purpose

Aims to investigate the new use of libraries by the public.

Design/methodology/approach

Begins by describing the facilities at Seattle Central Library which represents a general escalation of public interest in libraries. Goes on to examine how other libraries are making use of computers and the internet.

Findings

It appears that computer‐based services are the force behind the increase in library use. Discovers that there is an increase in the use of e‐books and that library circulation and maintenance has been improved by the use of radio frequency identification (RFID) tags.

Originality/value

This paper provides a useful insight into how computer‐based services can be used to benefit libraries.
TQM and QFD: exploiting a customer complaint management system
Authors: González Bosch Verónica , Tamayo Enríquez Francisco
Published: July 2005

Purpose

To present a simple yet comprehensive customer complaint management system (CCMS) which includes tools and concepts from total quality management (TQM) and quality function deployment (QFD) proposed by the authors.

Design/methodology/approach

A comprehensive CCMS model based on the Deming cycle that integrates practice‐tested methodologies such as QFD, problem solving and failure mode effect analysis (FMEA) was developed. In order to provide an example of the application, possibilities and limitations of our proposed CCMS model, a project developed for a major Latin American transportation company is presented.

Findings

Excellent service can only be achieved with a profound knowledge of evolving customer needs. Functional CCMS should be implemented in every company, regardless of its size, structure or products. QFD, FMEA and problem‐solving tools are very useful but, rather than the tools themselves, the fundamental element to develop a successful CCMS is the spirit of improvement towards total customer satisfaction energized by top management's leadership and commitment. A successfully implemented CCMS can change the perspective of complaint management and transform the process of answering complaints from a trivial activity to a more exciting process‐design and learning experience, renovating the spirit of continuous improvement towards service excellence.

Research limitations/implications

The model may not be useful to some major companies that already have their own database systems for storing and analyzing customer complaints in real time. The results were only validated in a single project with its particular characteristics.

Practical implications

In a service economy, comprehensive systems for capturing, analyzing and translating customer complaints into adequate actions for focused improvement are required for competitiveness. Simple CCMS can be implemented without significant investment, in order to exploit customer complaints.

Originality/value

This paper presents a simple, yet comprehensive CCMS based on practice‐tested methodologies successfully implemented in an improvement project. Companies that do not have formal CCMS can find efficiency in the model because of its simplicity.
Jerusalem Conference on the Digitisation of Cultural Heritage
Authors: Frank Rivkah
Published: July 2005

Purpose

To report on the 2004 Jerusalem Conference on the Digitisation of Cultural Heritage, in October 2004.

Design/methodology/approach

Provides a brief review of the two day conference, which included participants from the USA, Italy, France and other European Union countries.

Findings

The conference addressed the digital concerns of archivists, librarians and museum personnel and provided a forum for the interchange of ideas and problem areas among these three professional groups.

Originality/value

Gives a useful summary of the main sessions of a conference of interest to information management professionals.
EDUCAUSE: A Conference Summary
Authors: Riggs Colby , Cohen Barbara
Published: July 2005

Purpose

To report on the 2004 EDUCAUSE Conference held in October in Denver, Colorado.

Design/methodology/approach

Provides a review of some of the events of the conference.

Findings

EDUCAUSE is a nonprofit association whose mission is to advance higher education by promoting the intelligent use of information technology. The programs were designed to help participants tackle current issues and prepare them for future challenges. The conference focused on the theme “IT From a Higher Vantage Point,” and the program included pre‐conference seminars; track sessions; poster sessions; small group meetings; and corporate exhibits, presentations, and workshops.

Originality/value

A conference report of interest to information management professionals, especially those involved with higher education.
How We Enhance Information, and How We Are Enhanced . . . Conference Report: Managing and Enhancing Information: Cultures and Conflicts, the ASIST Annual Conference, Providence, Rhode Island, November 12‐17, 2004
Authors: O’Connor Penny
Published: July 2005

Purpose

Aims to report on the 2004 Annual Conference of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIST), which had the theme of Managing and Enhancing Information: Cultures and Conflicts. The conference was held in November in Providence, Rhode Island.

Design/methodology/approach

Reviews some of the events of the conference.

Findings

Finds that the hot topics of the conference were: Google, blogs, wikis, virtual reference and the Semantic Web.

Originality/value

A report that will be of interest to library and information management professionals.
When the Tsunami Struck Sri Lanka
Authors: Warnasuriya Dilmani
Published: July 2005

Purpose

To describe some first‐hand experiences of the tsunami and earthquakes which hit the region of Sri Lanka, Indonesia and Thailand at the end of 2004.

Design/methodology/approach

A personal reflection shared by a librarian gives special meaning to first‐hand experiences and how libraries as well as people are faring.

Findings

Communication around the globe was frantic as it became clear that this was a huge catastrophe with great human loss.

Originality/value

This report is of interest to all those interested in how the environment can affect humanity.
New Technologies: A New Reference Search Service and a Couple of Web Browsers
Authors: Riggs Colby
Published: July 2005

Purpose

To provide a summary of the main features of some new web technologies.

Design/methodology/approach

Reviews, contextualizes and provides a summary of new web technologies.

Findings

The new web technologies include a new reference search engine Answers.com, and two web browsers, Firefox and Netscape 8.0

Originality/value

Provides a useful summary for information professionals.
The Wireless Librarian: Using Tablet PCs for Ultimate Reference and Customer Service: A Case Study
Authors: Hibner Holly
Published: July 2005

Purpose

To provide an overview of the reference services provided through the use of Tablet PCs at the Salem‐South Lyon District Library.

Design/methodology/approach

A detailed description of what Tablet PCs are and how they work, including information about the benefits Tablet PCs present to reference transactions and tips for librarians to successfully integrate Tablet PCs into their reference service.

Findings

Tablet PCs allow reference librarians to provide quality customer service to their patrons by saving them time. Librarians who use Tablet PCs during reference transactions have access to online resources from any point in a library’s wireless network.

Research limitations/implications

There are new models of Tablet PCs available on the market that may not have been tested by librarians. New, improved features of Tablet PCs may enhance their usefulness to librarians.

Practical Implications

This paper provides useful information and advice for librarians who are considering using Tablet PCs, or who are searching for a way to enhance their current reference service.

Value

This paper provides insight from librarians who are currently using Tablet PCs in their reference service. This will inspire other librarians to consider using Tablet PCs in their libraries and help them be successful in the integration of Tablets into their reference routines.
Monitoring new product introductions with sell‐through data from channel partners
Authors: Salmi Laura , Holmström Jan
Published: July 2005

Manufacturers of consumer goods need to see the market situation and end customer demand in order to efficiently allocate production capacity and procure materials. However, the difficulty to obtain timely and accurate demand data from the point‐of‐sales (POS) calls for alternative solutions to be developed. This paper presents a solution that is based on readily available sell‐through data from channel partners, such as distributors, to monitor what happens on the market in product introduction situations. The difficulty with using demand information from distributors rather than the POS is the bullwhip effect that distorts demand as you move upstream in the supply chain. The paper presents how this problem can be overcome by using market mix views of product categories and simple smoothing techniques.