bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fatty acid composition in the wild boars muscles from different regions of Poland
Authors: Pietrzak-Fiecko Renata , Modzelewska-Kapitula Monika
Published: June 2020

Meat and meat products are one of the most relevant food groups in the human diet due to high content of protein. Meat from wild animals is considered a delicacy and commands a high price compared to other sorts of meat. Due to the characteristic sensory properties (taste), lower fat and cholesterol contents and higher share of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) a growing interest of this meat is noted(1,2).

The aim of the study was to compare fatty acid profile in wild boars muscles depending on the feeding grounds.

The research material consisted of 37 samples of wild boars (Sus scrofa) muscles from three different regions in Poland: Warmia and Mazury, Podlasie and Silesia. The fat was extracted from the muscle samples by the Folch method. The fatty acid (FA) composition was determined after the acids were trans-methylated according to the Peisker method. Chromatographic separation was performed using an Agilent Technologies 7890A gas chromatograph with a flame-ionization detector (FID).

The average share of sum of saturated fatty acids (ΣSFA) in wild boars fat from Warmia and Mazury, Podlasie and Silesia regions were 41.5%, 39.6% and 38.8%, respectively. In wild boars fat from Silesia the highest share of sum of monounsaturated fatty acids (ΣMUFA) was found (46.9%), while in wild boars fat from Warmia and Mazury, Podlasie it accounted for: 44.4% and 39.9%, respectively. A similar share of ΣPUFA (approx. 14%) was determined in wild boars fat from Warmia and Mazury, and Silesia region, whereas in those from Podlasie region ΣPUFA accounted for approx. 12%.

Meat fat from wild boars is a valuable source of fatty acids with a beneficial impact on human health. However, the fatty acids profile depends of the region, which indicated the predominant influence of the animal's feed on FA composition of meat fat.
Project for the prevention of caries in the developmental age: Experience in kindergartens of Northern Italy
Authors: Orlando Antonina , Brioschi Stefano , Macca' Luca , Gennaro Francesca , Cassera Alice , Panzeri Maria Cristina , Palestini Paola , Cazzaniga Emanuela
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Caries is one of the most widespread chronic diseases in the world and in Italy, only 78.4% of the 4 years children are caries free. Caries is defined as an infectious multifactorial pathology and between the etiological factors that contribute to its developing we find excessive sugar consumption. Correct behaviours adopted since the pediatric age will allow the child to learn how to improve their lifestyle, thus protecting health. Parents must therefore be properly educated to transmit healthy habits to their children from the early years. The main goal of our project is the prevention of caries in the developmental age by means of educational interventions on parents of children in the kindergarten (0–3 years). The study assesses the oral hygiene and food habits of the child and caregiver at baseline and after 3 months from the interventions (follow-up).

Materials and Methods: We have used a questionnaire to collect the oral hygiene and food habits of parents and children. Next, dental hygienists and nutritionists organized training sessions for parents about correct oral hygiene and eating habits (in particular to reduce the sugar consumption). After 3 months from the training, the same questionnaires reconfirmed to evaluate the improvement of family habits.

Results: The number of participants was reduce from 99 to 68 at the follow-up. With regards to eating habits, after training, almost the whole of the sample began to practice breakfast, indicating that the actual importance of this meal was understood. The habit of morning and afternoon snack, essential for a growing child, has increased (from 84% at baseline to 94% at follow-up and from 92% to 97% respectively). The bad habit of the after dinner snack, often even after teeth brushing, has decreased consistently (32% to 22%).

The most significant advances in oral hygiene are those concerning tooth washing (86% to 97%), the average daily washing (1.27/die to 1.57/die), self-washing (33% to 30%), the use of toothpaste (85% to 90%) and fluoridated toothpaste (48% to 62%).

Discussion: Starting from the data obtained from our pilot study, we think that it is essential to intervene already in the first years of life, when the subject is still “plastic” and can be trained to perform correct eating habits and oral hygiene. Furthermore, reducing the consumption of foods rich in sugar does not have a positive effect only on the onset of caries but also on the health of the individual.
Oranges as fruit and as juice
Authors: Stos Katarzyna , Przygoda Beata , Jarosz Miroslaw , Matczuk Ewa , Groele Barbara , Skapska Sylwia , Markowski Jaroslaw
Published: June 2020

Vegetables and fruits should form the basis of everyday diet. In some countries one of five recommended daily portions of vegetables and fruit can be a glass (200 ml) of juice. The aim of the study was to analyse the composition of orange juice from concentrate and compare it with the content of selected nutrients in oranges.

The study material were orange juices from concentrate, commercially available in Poland. The study was carried out in 2010–2018 at the Agriculture and Food Industry Biotechnology Institute and the Horticulture Institute in Skierniewice, Poland. The content of the following nutrients was investigated: vitamin C, folates, b-carotene, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, glucose, fructose, sucrose, dietary fiber as well as energy content.

The content of vitamin C in orange juice from concentrate was 35 mg/100 ml. Folate content was 23 mg/100 ml of juice. The studied juice contained the following amounts of minerals: sodium (3 mg/100 ml), potassium (185 mg/100 ml), calcium (13 mg/100 ml) and magnesium (11 mg/100 ml). The total amount of sugars contained in the analysed juice was 8.8 g/100 ml. Compared to fresh oranges, the content of sodium, potassium, magnesium, b-carotene and sugars was similar. The content of vitamin C, folates and calcium was slightly higher in fruits. Dietary fiber amount was much higher in orange fruit than in juice. The energy value of both products was similar: 42 kcal/100 ml in juice and 47 kcal/100 g in oranges.

The study showed that orange juice from concentrate is a source of important nutrients: vitamin C, folate and potassium. Their content in orange juice from concentrate is similar to that in fresh oranges. Dietary fiber amount was much higher in orange fruit than in juice.
Flexibility in work time impacts workers’ lunch habits
Authors: Massey Camille , Saulais Laure
Published: June 2020

Background: Workplaces have been highlighted as a promising place to promote healthy food choices because of the recurrence of eating occasions (Wanjek, 2005). Beyond interventional research promoting healthier food choices in workplace restaurants, much remains to be understood regarding the specificities of eating choices of individuals during their worktime. Specifically, although working conditions seem likely to play a key role in workers’ eating choices (Raulio et al., 2007), the nature and extent of this association are unclear. Worktime organisation and workers’ control over their own schedule have been proposed to account for differences in the way workers interact with their workplace food environment (Massey & Saulais, in press; Raulio et al., 2012).

Objectives: The objective of this research is to investigate the relationships between two time-related working conditions, schedule flexibility and control over one's schedule, and workers’ lunch habits.

Methodology: An ad-hoc online questionnaire was developed partly after the French Working Conditions survey. 1,139 French wage-earning workers, recruited from an online survey panel, were asked about their time-related working conditions, their behavior during lunch breaks over a two-week period (including non-food related behaviors such as taking care of personal matters during break) and their subjective experience of these lunch breaks in relation with time (such as feeling rushed during lunch break).

Results: Workers with more flexibility in their schedule were more likely to report using lunch breaks as an adjusting variable in their workday, either by reducing it to compensate for their workload (p = .0001) or to attend to personal matters (p = .04). Perceived control over worktime organization also affected eating strategies during lunchtime.

Conclusion: This research is one of the first to investigate possible relationships between working conditions and workers’ lunch habits. Although results provide support to a link between time-related working conditions and lunch behaviors, socioeconomic status (SES), which have been shown to impact workers’ behaviors, could be a confounding factor (Massey & Saulais, in press), whose effect needs to be further investigated in controlled conditions.
High sugar content of baby foods sold in Europe
Authors: Hutchinson Jayne , Rippin Holly , Threapleton Diane , Jewell Jo , Breda Joao , Cade Janet
Published: June 2020

WHO guidelines on sugars strongly recommend reducing free sugar intake to below 10% of total energy, also their guidance on ‘Ending the inappropriate promotion of foods for infants and young children (IYC)’ recommends avoiding free sugars. Information on the sugar content of commercially available complementary foods (CACFs) for infants is limited, and the levels of added, free, and total sugar in baby foods is not fully addressed in existing guidelines. Up-to-date data is needed to inform recommendations for revising European regulations and guidelines. Front and back of pack information for baby foods from countries across the WHO European Region was collected. Mean sugar content per 100 g product and percentage energy from total sugar by food category were determined. The percentage of products containing added sugars by food category was calculated; as was the percentage of savoury meals containing pureed fruit, which is often used to sweeten products. The creation of the product categories was part of WHO work to develop a Nutrient Profile Model for CACFs marketed as suitable for IYC aged 6–36 months. A literature review of current issues also informed the process. 2642 CACFs from 10 countries were summarised; 768 products sold in the UK; over 200 each from Denmark (319), Spain (241), Italy (430) and Malta (243) and between 100–200 from Hungry, Norway, Portugal and Slovenia. About a third of energy in CACFs in these European countries came from total sugar and the mean contribution of total sugar for most food categories in the countries was higher than 10%. The amount of added and free sugar content was not labelled. However, added sugars listed as ingredients were widespread across product categories, and the type varied across countries and products, though concentrated fruit juice was most common. Savoury meal purees did not contain added sugars except in UK and Malta; however fruit puree as an ingredient was found in 7% of those examined across Europe and were most likely in UK savoury meals: in 15% on average and 41% of pureed meals with meat as the first named food. In conclusion, the sugar content of baby foods across Europe is high and updated regulations and reformulation are needed. Sugars can be restricted in a variety of ways, but first consultation with WHO Europe Member States is required to support the establishment of effective legal and policy measures to avoid inappropriate manufacture and selling of infant foods.
Occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies and associated risk factors in women in selected districts of Punjab province, Pakistan
Authors: Ali Shahzad , Amjad Zona , Khan Tahir Mahmood , Maalik Abdul , Iftikhar Anam , Khan Iahtasham , Ahmed Haroon
Published: June 2020

Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic zoonotic disease caused by Toxoplasma (T.) gondii. Limited data are available on the occurrence of T. gondii in women especially pregnant women in Pakistan. The present study aimed to determine the occurrence and risk factors associated with T. gondii in pregnant and non-pregnant women in Punjab Province, Pakistan. A cross-sectional study was conducted and 593 samples were collected from pregnant (n = 293) and non-pregnant (n = 300) women of District Headquarter Hospitals of Chiniot, Faisalabad, Jhang and Okara, Pakistan. Data related to demographic parameters and risk factors were collected using a pretested questionnaire on blood sampling day. Serum samples were screened for antibodies (IgG) against T. gondii using ELISA. A univariant and binomial logistic regression was applied to estimate the association between seropositive and explanatory variables considering the 95% confidence interval. P value ⩽0.05 was considered statistically significant for all analysis. Out of 593, 44 (7.42%) women were seropositive for T. gondii IgG antibodies. Occupation, age, sampling location, socioeconomic status, contact with cat, pregnancy status and trimester of pregnancy were significantly associated with seropositivity for T. gondii antibodies. Location and trimester of pregnancy were identified as potential risk factors for T. gondii seropositivity based on binomial logistic regression. Toxoplasma gondii is prevalent in pregnant and non-pregnant women. Therefore, now a necessitated awareness is required to instruct the individuals about these infectious diseases (toxoplasmosis) and their control strategies to maintain the health of human population. Moreover, health awareness among public can help the minimization of T. gondii infection during pregnancy and subsequent risk of congenital toxoplasmosis.
HUMAN STRAINS: JAMES CLARKE AND THE MUTATING MUSICAL IDEA
Authors: Whittall Arnold
Published: June 2020

James Clarke, successfully completing a PhD in composition as he turned 60, has never been afraid of challenging convention. A recent piece for unaccompanied violin, 2017-V, takes a typically abrasive look at a long-established instrumental genre, and relishes the obvious restrictions – four strings, two hands – in a forceful exploration of a single, multivalent musical idea. That idea evolves through febrile transformations to promote a connected yet never entirely stable music discourse. Various appropriate contexts are referenced in order to define and underline the music's distinctiveness.
The Logic of Illicit Flows in Armed Conflict
Authors: Idler Annette
Published: June 2020

Why is there variation in how violent nonstate groups interact in armed conflict? Where armed conflict and organized crime converge in unstable regions worldwide, these groups sometimes enter cooperative arrangements with opposing groups. Within the same unstable setting, violent nonstate groups forge stable, long-term relations with each other in some regions, engage in unstable, short-term arrangements in others, and dispute each other elsewhere. Even though such paradoxical arrangements have intensified and perpetuated war, extant theories on group interactions that focus on territory and motivations overlook their concurrent character. Challenging the literature that focuses on conflict dynamics alone, the author argues that the spatial distribution of illicit flows influences how these interactions vary. By mapping cocaine supply chain networks, the author shows that long-term arrangements prevail at production sites, whereas short-term arrangements cluster at trafficking nodes. The article demonstrates through process tracing how the logic of illicit flows produces variation in the groups’ cooperative arrangements. This multiyear, multisited study includes over six hundred interviews in and about Colombia’s remote, war-torn borderlands.
Factors associated with the duration of hospitalisation among COVID-19 patients in Vietnam: A survival analysis
Authors: Thai Pham Quang , Toan Do Thi Thanh , Son Dinh Thai , Van Hoang Thi Hai , Minh Luu Ngoc , Hung Le Xuan , Toan Ngo Van , Hoat Luu Ngoc , Luong Duong Huy , Khue Luong Ngoc , Khoa Nguyen Trong , Huong Le Thi
Published: June 2020

Background

The median duration of hospital stays due to COVID-19 has been reported in several studies on China as 10−13 days. Global studies have indicated that the length of hospitalisation depends on different factors, such as the time elapsed from exposure to symptom onset, and from symptom onset to hospital admission, as well as specificities of the country under study. The goal of this paper is to identify factors associated with the median duration of hospital stays of COVID-19 patients during the second COVID-19 wave that hit Vietnam from 5 March to 8 April 2020.

Method

We used retrospective data on 133 hospitalised patients with COVID-19 recorded over at least two weeks during the study period. The Cox proportional-hazards regression model was applied to determine the potential risk factors associated with length of hospital stay.

Results

There were 65 (48.9%) females, 98 (73.7%) patients 48 years old or younger, 15 (11.3%) persons with comorbidities, 21 (16.0%) severely ill patients and 5 (3.8%) individuals with life-threatening conditions. Eighty-two (61.7%) patients were discharged after testing negative for the SARS-CoV-2 virus, 51 were still in the hospital at the end of the study period and none died. The median duration of stay in a hospital was 21 (IQR: 16–34) days. The multivariable Cox regression model showed that age, residence and sources of contamination were significantly associated with longer duration of hospitalisation.

Conclusion

A close look at how long COVID-19 patients stayed in the hospital could provide an overview of their treatment process in Vietnam, and support the country's National Steering Committee on COVID-19 Prevention and Control in the efficient allocation of resources over the next stages of the COVID-19 prevention period.
Encodings of Turing machines in linear logic
Authors: Clift James , Murfet Daniel
Published: June 2020

The Sweedler semantics of intuitionistic differential linear logic takes values in the category of vector spaces, using the cofree cocommutative coalgebra to interpret the exponential and primitive elements to interpret the differential structure. In this paper, we explicitly compute the denotations under this semantics of an interesting class of proofs in linear logic, introduced by Girard: the encodings of step functions of Turing machines. Along the way we prove some useful technical results about linear independence of denotations of Church numerals and binary integers.
A clustering framework for lexical normalization of Roman Urdu
Authors: Khan Abdul Rafae , Karim Asim , Sajjad Hassan , Kamiran Faisal , Xu Jia
Published: June 2020

Roman Urdu is an informal form of the Urdu language written in Roman script, which is widely used in South Asia for online textual content. It lacks standard spelling and hence poses several normalization challenges during automatic language processing. In this article, we present a feature-based clustering framework for the lexical normalization of Roman Urdu corpora, which includes a phonetic algorithm UrduPhone, a string matching component, a feature-based similarity function, and a clustering algorithm Lex-Var. UrduPhone encodes Roman Urdu strings to their pronunciation-based representations. The string matching component handles character-level variations that occur when writing Urdu using Roman script. The similarity function incorporates various phonetic-based, string-based, and contextual features of words. The Lex-Var algorithm is a variant of the k-medoids clustering algorithm that groups lexical variations of words. It contains a similarity threshold to balance the number of clusters and their maximum similarity. The framework allows feature learning and optimization in addition to the use of predefined features and weights. We evaluate our framework extensively on four real-world datasets and show an F-measure gain of up to 15% from baseline methods. We also demonstrate the superiority of UrduPhone and Lex-Var in comparison to respective alternate algorithms in our clustering framework for the lexical normalization of Roman Urdu.
Improving speech emotion recognition based on acoustic words emotion dictionary
Authors: Wei Wang , Cao Xinyi , Li He , Shen Lingjie , Feng Yaqin , Watters Paul A.
Published: June 2020

To improve speech emotion recognition, a U-acoustic words emotion dictionary (AWED) features model is proposed based on an AWED. The method models emotional information from acoustic words level in different emotion classes. The top-list words in each emotion are selected to generate the AWED vector. Then, the U-AWED model is constructed by combining utterance-level acoustic features with the AWED features. Support vector machine and convolutional neural network are employed as the classifiers in our experiment. The results show that our proposed method in four tasks of emotion classification all provides significant improvement in unweighted average recall.
Immunohistomorphometric and Hormonal Analysis of the Pituitary Gonadotropic Cells After Application of the Nandrolone Decanoate and Swimming Training in Adult Male Rats
Authors: Sretenovic Jasmina , Zivkovic Vladimir , Srejovic Ivan , Ajdzanovic Vladimir , Ristic Natasa , Trifunovic Miroljub , Pantovic Suzana , Jovic Slavoljub , Jakovljevic Vladimir , Bolevich Sergey , Milosavljevic Zoran , Milosevic Verica
Published: June 2020

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of chronic nandrolone decanoate treatment and/or swimming training on immunohistomorphometric parameters on rat pituitary gonadotropic cells. Male Wistar albino rats, 10 weeks old, were classified into four groups: control (T−N−), nandrolone (T−N+), swimming training (T+N−), and swimming training with nandrolone (T+N+). The T+ groups swam for 4 weeks, 1 h/day, 5 days/week. The N+ groups received nandrolone decanoate (20 mg/kg) once per week for 4 weeks. Pituitary tissue sections were processed and stained for immunohistochemical analysis and immunofluorescence. The volume density of luteinizing hormone (LH) cells was decreased by 48% in T−N+ and for 35% in the T+N+ group. The volume density of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) cells was decreased by 39% in T−N+ and for 30% in T+N+ compared to the control. Nandrolone alone, or combined with swimming training, decreased the number of LH/FSH cells compared to the control. The levels of the immunofluorescent signal of LH/FSH cells were increased in all experimental groups. Nandrolone alone decreased the serum level of LH by 17%, whereas swimming training alone increased FSH levels by 11% compared to the control. Serum levels of testosterone were increased in all experimental groups. Nandrolone alone, or combined with swimming training, decreased immunohistomorphometric parameters of gonadotropic cells, whereas the levels of immunofluorescent signal were increased.
Inheritance of mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) disease resistance in mungbean under natural infection conditions
Authors: Basanagouda G. , Ramesh S. , Nagaraju N. , Nagaraj  , Padmaja A.S.
Published: June 2020

Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) disease is one of the most devastating biotic constraints of mungbean production in India. Dependable knowledge on the number and mode of action of genes controlling resistance to MYMV disease is one of the keys to develop resistant cultivars. The F1s of four crosses derived from four MYMV resistant genotypes × one highly susceptible genotype, their parents, F2s and F3s along with a susceptible check were screened for responses to MYMV disease following the infector-row technique under natural infection conditions. A good fit of F2 population segregation to the hypothesized ratio of 15 susceptible:1 resistant and that of F3 population segregation to the expected ratio of 55 susceptible:9 resistant at 55 days after planting confirmed the involvement of two recessive genes in imparting resistance to MYMV disease.
Caught in the web: A tale of filament galaxies
Authors: Singh Ankit , Mahajan Smriti , Shobhana Devika
Published: June 2020

The Coma supercluster is one of the largest, nearby (∼100h−1Mpc) gravitationally bound structures known in the universe. It comprises two large clusters of galaxies and several galaxy groups intersected by a complex network of filaments, providing the perfect laboratory for studying the evolution of galaxies in a range of ‘continuous’ environments. We characterised the different components of the environment to study the properties of galaxies in the optical and ultraviolet (UV) wavebands. Our analysis shows that galaxies experience accelerated evolution as they approach the spine of the filament, suggesting that the intermediate-density environment prevalent in the filaments can accelerate the evolution of galaxies.
Dust mass and dust production efficiencies on the redshift frontier
Authors: Hirashita Hiroyuki , Burgarella Denis , Bouwens Rychard J.
Published: June 2020

In order to clarify the dust production in the early Universe, we constrain the dust mass in high-redshift (z ≳ 5) galaxies using the upper limits obtained by ALMA. We perform fitting to the rest-frame UV–far-infrared spectral energy distribution (SED) of a giant Lyα emitter, Himiko, at z = 6.6 and a composite SED of z > 5 Lyman break galaxies (LBGs). For Himiko, we obtain a high dust temperature > 70 K. This high dust temperature puts a strong upper limit on the total dust mass Md ≲ 2 × 106 M⊙, and the dust mass produced per supernova (SN) md,SN ≲ 0.1 M⊙. Such a low md,SN suggests significant loss of dust by reverse shock destruction or outflow. For the LBG sample, we only obtain an upper limit for md,SN as ∼2 M⊙. This clarifies the importance of observing UV-bright objects (like Himiko) to constrain the dust production by SNe.
ALMA detection of the [OIII] 88 μm line in a highly-magnified Lyman break galaxy at z = 6.1
Authors: Sunaga Kaho , Tamura Yoichi , Lee Minju , Mawatari Ken , Inoue Akio K. , Hashimoto Takuya , Matsuo Hiroshi , Taniguchi Akio
Published: June 2020

We present a 4.7σ detection of the [OIII] 88 μm line in a gravitationally-lensed Lyman break galaxy, RXC J2248-ID3, using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). We did not detect [CII] 158 μm and rest-frame 90 μm dust continuum emission, suggesting that the bulk of the interstellar medium (ISM) is ionized. Our two-component SED model combining the previous Hubble Space Telescope (HST) data and new photometry obtained from Very Large Telescope (VLT), Spitzer and ALMA suggests the presence of young (∼2 Myr) and mature (∼600 Myr) stellar components with the metallicity of Z = 0.2Z⊙. Our findings are in contrast with previous results claiming a very young, metal-poor stellar component.
Extreme variations in star formation activity in the first galaxies
Authors: Binggeli Christian , Zackrisson Erik , Ma Xiangcheng , Inoue Akio K. , Vikaeus Anton , Hashimoto Takuya , Mawatari Ken , Shimizu Ikkoh , Hopkins Philip F.
Published: June 2020

Recently, spectroscopic detections of O[III] 88 μm and Ly-α emission lines from the z ≍ 9.1 galaxy MACS1149-JD1 have been presented, and with these, some interesting properties of this galaxy were uncovered. One such property is that MACS1149-JD1 exhibits a significant Balmer break at around rest-frame 4000 Å, which may indicate that the galaxy has experienced large variations in star formation rate prior to z ∼ 9, with a rather long period of low star formation activity. While some simulations predict large variations in star formation activity in high-redshift galaxies, it is unclear whether the simulations can reproduce the kind of variations seen in MACS1149-JD1. Here, we utilize synthetic spectra of simulated galaxies from two simulation suites in order to study to what extent these can accurately reproduce the spectral features (specifically the Balmer break) observed in MACS1149-JD1. We show that while the simulations used in this study produce galaxies with varying star formation histories, galaxies such as MACS1149-JD1 would be very rare in the simulations. In principle, future observations with the James Webb Space Telescope may tell us if MACS1149-JD1 represents something rare, or if such galaxies are more common than predicted by current simulations.
Probing the ISM of Heiiλ1640 emitters at z = 2–4 via MUSE
Authors: Nanayakkara Themiya , Brinchmann Jarle ,   The MUSE Collaboration
Published: June 2020

Heiiλ1640 emission in the absence of other metal lines is the most sought-after emission line to detect and characterize metal free stellar populations. However, even recent stellar population models with sophisticated treatment of stellar evolution also lack sufficient He+ ionising photons to reproduce observed He 0.1em ii fluxes. We use VLT/MUSE GTO observations to compile a catalogue of 15 z ∼ 2–4 He ii λ1640 emitters from ∼10–30 hour pointings. We show that both He ii λ1640 detections and non-detections occupy similar distribution in UV absolute magnitudes. Rest-UV emission line analysis of our sample shows that the emission lines of our He ii λ1640 emitters are driven by star-formation in solar to moderately sub-solar (∼1/20th) metallicity conditions. However, we find that even after considering effects from binary stars, we are unable to reproduce the He ii λ1640 equivalent widths. Alternative mechanisms are necessary to compensate for the missing He+ ionising photons.
First galaxy SED: Contribution from pre-main-sequence stars
Authors: Mitani Hiroto , Yoshida Naoki , Omukai Kazuyuki , Hosokawa Takashi
Published: June 2020

We calculate the spectral energy distribution of the first galaxies which contain pre-main-sequence stars by using the stellar evolution code Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics, the spectra model BT-Settl, and the stellar population synthesis code PEGASE. We calculate the galaxy spectral energy distribution for Salpeter Initial Mass Function. We find that very young first galaxies are bright also in mid-infrared, and the contribution of pre-main-sequence stars can be significant over 0.1 Myr after a star-formation episode.
Census of and Lyα, [Oiii]5007, Hα, and [Ciii]158 μm line emission wiht ∼1000 galaxies atz= 4.9 – 7.0 revealed with Subaru/HSC, Spitzer, and ALMA
Authors: Harikane Yuichi
Published: June 2020

We investigate rest-frame UV to far-infrared emission lines and SEDs from 1124 galaxies atz= 4.9 – 7.0. Our sample is composed of 1092 Lyα emitters (LAEs) atz= 4.9–7.0 identified by Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) narrowband surveys and 34 galaxies atz= 5.148–7.508 with deep [Cii]158μm ALMA data. The SEDs clearly show flux excesses in the Spitzer/IRAC 3.6 and 4.5μm bands, suggesting strong rest-frame optical emission lines of [Oiii] and/or Hα. We model the galaxy SEDs with a flexible code combining stellar population and photoionization models (BEAGLE; Chevallard & Charlot 2016), and investigate relations between the emission lines of Lyα, [Oiii], Hα, and [CII]. We find 1) a positive correlation between the rest-frame Hα equivalent width (EW) and the Lyα, EW,${\EW {^0_Ly\alpha}} $, 2) an interesting turn-over trend that the [Oiii]/Hα flux ratio increases in${\EW {^0_Ly\alpha}} $≃ 0–30 Å, and then decreases out to${\EW {^0_Ly\alpha}} $≃ 130 Å, and 3) a > 99% anti-correlation between a [Cii] luminosity to star-formation rate ratioL[Cii]/SFR) and${\EW {^0_Ly\alpha}} $. Modeling with BEAGLE also suggests that a simple anticorrelation between${\EW {^0_Ly\alpha}} $and metallicity explains self-consistently all of the relations of Lyα, Hα, [Oiii]/Hα, and [Cii] in our study, indicative of detections of very metal-poor (∼0.03Z⊙) galaxies with${\EW {^0_Ly\alpha}} $∼200 Å.
Spatially resolved stellar mass buildup and quenching in massive disk galaxies over the last 10 Gyr revealed with spatially resolved SED fitting
Authors: Abdurro’uf  , Akiyama Masayuki
Published: June 2020

Despite decreasing cosmic star formation rate density over the last 10 Gyr, the stellar mass (M*) buildups in galaxies were still progressing during this epoch. About 50% of the current M* density in the universe was built over the last ∼8.7 Gyr. In this research, we investigated the stellar mass buildup and quenching of spatially resolved regions within massive disk galaxies over the last 10 Gyr. We apply the spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting method to SEDs of sub-galactic regions in galaxies to derive the spatially resolved distributions of SFR and M* in the galaxies. This namely pixel-to-pixel SED fitting method is applied to massive disk galaxies at 0.01 < z < 0.02 and 0.8 < z < 1.8. We found that massive disk galaxies tend to build their M* and quench their star formation progressively from the central region to the outskirts, i.e. inside-out stellar mass buildup and quenching.
Which attenuation curves for star-forming galaxies?
Authors: Buat Véronique , Corre David , Boquien Médéric , Małek Katarzyna
Published: June 2020

Dust attenuation shapes the spectral energy distributions of galaxies and any modelling and fitting procedure of their spectral energy distributions must account for this process. We present results of two recent works dedicated at measuring the dust attenuation curves in star forming galaxies at redshift from 0.5 to 3, by fitting continuum (photometric) and line (spectroscopic) measurements simultaneously with CIGALE using variable attenuation laws based on flexible recipes. Both studies conclude to a large variety of effective attenuation laws with an attenuation law flattening when the obscuration increases. An extra attenuation is found for nebular lines. The comparison with radiative transfer models implies a flattening of the attenuation law up to near infrared wavelengths, which is well reproduced with a power-laws recipe inspired by the Charlot and Fall recipe. Here we propose a global modification of the Calzetti attenuation law to better reproduce the results of radiative transfer models.
Stellar population synthesis of galaxies with chemical evolution model
Authors: Shen Shiyin , Yin Jun
Published: June 2020

The derivation of accurate stellar populations of galaxies is a non-trivial task because of the well-known age-metallicity degeneracy. We aim to break this degeneracy by invoking a chemical evolution model (CEM) for isolated disk galaxy, where its metallicity enrichment history (MEH) is modelled to be tightly linked to its star formation history (SFH). Our CEM has been successfully tested on several local group dwarf galaxies whose SFHs and MEHs have been both independently measured from deep colour-magnitude diagrams of individual stars. By introducing the CEM into the stellar population fitting algorithm as a prior, we expect that the SFH of galaxies could be better constrained.
Properties of LBGs with [OIII] detection at z > 3: The importance of including nebular emission data in SED fitting
Authors: Yuan Fang-Ting , Burgarella Denis , Corre David , Buat Veronique , Boquien Médéric , Shen Shiyin
Published: June 2020

At high redshift, the contribution of strong emission lines to the broadband photometry can cause large uncertainties when estimating galaxy physical properties. To examine this effect, we investigate a sample of 54 LBGs at 3 < zspec < 3.8 with detected [OIII] line emissions. We use CIGALE to fit simultaneously the rest-frame UV-to-NIR SEDs of these galaxies and their emission line data. By comparing the results with and without emission line data, we show that spectroscopic data are necessary to constrain the nebular model. We examine the K-band excess, which is usually used to estimate the emissions of [OIII]+Hβ lines when there is no spectral data, and find that the difference between the estimation and observation can reach up to > 1 dex for some galaxies, showing the importance of obtaining spectroscopic measurements of these lines. We also estimate the equivalent width of the Hβ absorption and find it negligible compared to the Hβ emission.
Tips learned from panchromatic modeling of AGNs
Authors: Dai Y. Sophia
Published: June 2020

I will review the tips learned from panchromatic modeling of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), based on our recent work to study the relationship between AGN and star formation (SF). Several AGN SED models are compared, and a significant AGN contribution is found in the IR luminosities and corresponding star formation rates (SFRs). I will review the AGN-SF relation and how different parameters and sample selections affect the observed correlation. I will then report on the constant ratio discovered between the SFR and the black hole mass accretion rate (BHAR), and their implications on the gas supply and galaxy formation history of these systems. Caveats and important questions to answer are summarized at the end.
Systematic errors in dust mass fits: The role of dust opacity
Authors: Fanciullo Lapo , Kemper Francisca , Srinivasan Sundar , Scicluna Peter , Simpson James M.
Published: June 2020

The estimation of interstellar dust masses is an important pursuit in our understanding of both local and early Universe – see e.g. the “dust budget crisis”. One of the most used methods of estimating dust masses – dust emission fitting – requires an estimate of the dust opacity at far-infrared and submillimeter wavelengths, but in most models this quantity is based on extrapolation rather than on actual measurements. It is becoming more and more evident that the opacity in typical dust models differs from that of dust analogs measured in the lab, meaning that astronomical dust mass estimations may need to be revised. To estimate the systematic errors introduced by this mismatch, we calculated dust emission for a model where dust far-infrared opacity is the same as that measured in lab samples, then we fit the synthetic emission with a typical (modified blackbody) dust model. Our results show that, if interstellar dust is indeed similar to the lab dust analogs, most fits may overestimate dust masses by as much as an order of magnitude.
The onset of star formation 250 million years after the Big Bang
Authors: Hashimoto Takuya
Published: June 2020

In this IAU symposium, we present results of our recent paper, Hashimoto et al. (2018a) focusing on its spectral energy distribution modeling. We present spectroscopic observations of MACS1149-JD1, a gravitationally lensed galaxy originally discovered by Zheng et al. (2012) via the dropout technique. Using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), we detect an emission line of doubly ionized oxygen, [Oiii] 88 μm, at a redshift of 9.1096±0.0006. This precisely determined redshift indicates that the red rest-frame optical colour observed with the Spitzer Space Telescope arises from a dominant stellar component that formed about 250 million years after the Big Bang, corresponding to a redshift of about 15. MACS1149-JD1 clearly demonstrates the importance and power of spectral energy distribution modeling to understand the earliest star formation history of the Universe.
CME-Sonografie 91: Differenzialdiagnose von Unterbauchschmerzen
Authors: Tuma Jan , Serra Andreas
Published: June 2020

Zusammenfassung. Unterbauchschmerzen sind ein häufiger Grund für eine weiterführende bildgebende Abklärung mittels Sonografie. Die häufigsten Ursachen sind Appendizitis und Divertikulitis, daneben auch Uretersteine, Ovarial- und Tubenpathologie sowie diverse Hernien. Die Appendizitis hat eine charakteristische Klinik und kann mit CT oder Ultraschall diagnostizieret werden, wobei bei Kindern differenzialdiagnostisch an die Lymphadenitis mesenterialis gedacht werden muss. Auch die Divertikulitis, meinst linksseitig, kann sicher mit CT oder Ultraschall nachgewiesen werden. Nicht zu vergessen ist die linksseitige Divertikulitis, die gehäuft bei asiatischen Personen auftreten kann. Die Appendizitis epiploica sollte erkannt werden, damit unnötige Operationen verhindert werden. Oft unerkannt bleibt das Iliopsoas-Syndrom, das mittels der Sonopalpation diagnostiziert wird.
High Production of Soluble Iron Promoted by Aerosol Acidification in Fog
Authors: Shi Jinhui , Guan Yang , Ito Akinori , Gao Huiwang , Yao Xiaohong , Baker Alex R. , Zhang Daizhou
Published: June 2020

The current poor understanding of soluble iron (Fe) yield in atmospheric aerosols leaves two observational facts having not yet been correctly simulated in numerical models: the high Fe solubility in aerosols with low Fe content and, hence, the wide range of observed Fe solubility. Our observation at Qingdao, a coastal city of China, revealed that soluble Fe was produced along with aerosol acidification much more efficiently in fog than under other weather conditions. The median Fe solubility in fog aerosols, 5.81%, was 3.3 times of that in haze aerosols, 5.2 times of that in clear days, and 21.5 times of that in dust aerosols. Involving fog processing in models may reduce the discrepancy in the atmospheric flux of soluble Fe to the ocean between numerical simulations and field observations.
The Potential of Marine Ferromanganese Nodules From Eastern Pacific as Recorders of Earth's Magnetic Field Changes During the Past 4.7 Myr: A Geochronological Study by Magnetic Scanning and Authigenic 10Be/9Be Dating
Authors: Yi L. , Medina‐Elizalde M. , Kletetschka G. , Yao H. , Simon Q. , Paterson G. A. , Bourlès D. L. , Deng X. , Du J. , Qin H. , Chen Y. , Xie Q. , Xiao J. , Wang Y. , Andreucci C. , Keddadouche K. , Aumaître G. , Liu Y. , Wang H. , Shen Z. , Gu X. , Smith T. , Dang H. , Jian Z. , Song T. , He H. , Deng C. , Zhu R.
Published: June 2020

The Clarion and Clipperton Fracture Zones in the Eastern Pacific are well known as a manganese nodule belt, which developed since the late Oligocene. The slow growth rate of these marine ferromanganese nodules implies that they have potentially recorded long‐term environmental changes. To produce environmental records from these nodules, their chronology needs to be established first. In order to achieve this objective, many dating methods have been applied; however, due to relatively low‐resolution temporal constraint, high‐resolution environmental signals recorded in marine ferromanganese nodules have not been well documented yet. In this paper, we present a geochronological study based jointly on magnetic scanning and analyses of the authigenic beryllium isotopes (authigenic 10Be/9Be) and the cobalt (Co) flux of a marine ferromanganese nodule. Results lead to the following observations: (1) The growth of the studied nodule resulted from a combination of hydrogenetic and diagenetic processes, and (2) a total of 24 magnetozones is recognized for the studied nodule. Correlation to the geomagnetic polarity timescale suggests that chrons from C3n.2r to C1n were recorded in the nodule, implying that the growth of this nodule initiated ~4.70 Ma, which agrees well with the authigenic 10Be/9Be and Co chronometers. Furthermore, a consistent pattern of broad paleomagnetic field variations was observed between the nodule's magnetic signal and the ocean‐floor magnetic fields of the South Atlantic, confirming the validity of our growth model. Overall, our study highlights the potential of marine ferromanganese nodules from the Eastern Pacific as recorders of changes in Earth's magnetic field.
Spaceborne Cloud and Precipitation Radars: Status, Challenges, and Ways Forward
Authors: Battaglia Alessandro , Kollias Pavlos , Dhillon Ranvir , Roy Richard , Tanelli Simone , Lamer Katia , Grecu Mircea , Lebsock Matthew , Watters Daniel , Mroz Kamil , Heymsfield Gerald , Li Lihua , Furukawa Kinji
Published: June 2020

Spaceborne radars offer a unique three‐dimensional view of the atmospheric components of the Earth's hydrological cycle. Existing and planned spaceborne radar missions provide cloud and precipitation information over the oceans and land difficult to access in remote areas. A careful look into their measurement capabilities indicates considerable gaps that hinder our ability to detect and probe key cloud and precipitation processes. The international community is currently debating how the next generation of spaceborne radars shall enhance current capabilities and address remaining gaps. Part of the discussion is focused on how to best take advantage of recent advancements in radar and space platform technologies while addressing outstanding limitations. First, the observing capabilities and measurement highlights of existing and planned spaceborne radar missions including TRMM, CloudSat, GPM, RainCube, and EarthCARE are reviewed. Then, the limitations of current spaceborne observing systems, with respect to observations of low‐level clouds, midlatitude and high‐latitude precipitation, and convective motions, are thoroughly analyzed. Finally, the review proposes potential solutions and future research avenues to be explored. Promising paths forward include collecting observations across a gamut of frequency bands tailored to specific scientific objectives, collecting observations using mixtures of pulse lengths to overcome trade‐offs in sensitivity and resolution, and flying constellations of miniaturized radars to capture rapidly evolving weather phenomena. This work aims to increase the awareness about existing limitations and gaps in spaceborne radar measurements and to increase the level of engagement of the international community in the discussions for the next generation of spaceborne radar systems.
Intercomparison of Magnitudes and Trends in Anthropogenic Surface Emissions From Bottom‐Up Inventories, Top‐Down Estimates, and Emission Scenarios
Authors: Elguindi N. , Granier C. , Stavrakou T. , Darras S. , Bauwens M. , Cao H. , Chen C. , Denier van der Gon H. A. C. , Dubovik O. , Fu T. M. , Henze D. K. , Jiang Z. , Keita S. , Kuenen J. J. P. , Kurokawa J. , Liousse C. , Miyazaki K. , Müller J.‐F. , Qu Z. , Solmon F. , Zheng B.
Published: June 2020

This study compares recent CO, NOx, NMVOC, SO2, BC, and OC anthropogenic emissions from several state‐of‐the‐art top‐down estimates to global and regional bottom‐up inventories and projections from five Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) in several regions. Results show that top‐down emissions derived in several recent studies exhibit similar uncertainty as bottom‐up inventories in some regions for certain species and even less in the case of Chinese CO emissions. In general, the largest discrepancies are found outside of regions such as the United States, Europe, and Japan where the most accurate and detailed information on emissions is available. In some regions such as China, which has recently undergone dynamical economic growth and changes in air quality regulations, the top‐down estimates better capture recent emission trends than global bottom‐up inventories. These results show the potential of top‐down estimates to complement bottom‐up inventories and to aide in the development of emission scenarios, particularly in regions where global inventories lack the necessary up‐to‐date and accurate information regarding regional activity data and emission factors such as Africa and India. Areas of future work aimed at quantifying and reducing uncertainty are also highlighted. A regional comparison of recent CO and NOx trends in the five SSPs indicate that SSP126, a strong pollution control scenario, best represents the trends from the top‐down and regional bottom‐up inventories in the United States, Europe, and China, while SSP460, a low‐pollution control scenario, lies closest to actual trends in West Africa. This analysis can be useful for air quality forecasting and near‐future pollution control/mitigation policy studies.