bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The first Japanese biobank of patient‐derived pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia xenograft models
Authors: Tanaka Kuniaki , Kato Itaru , Dobashi Yuu , Imai Jun‐ichi , Mikami Takashi , Kubota Hirohito , Ueno Hiroo , Ito Mamoru , Ogawa Seishi , Nakahata Tatsutoshi , Takita Junko , Toyoda Hidemi , Ogawa Chitose , Adachi Souichi , Watanabe Shinya , Goto Hiroaki
Published: July 2022

A lack of practical resources in Japan has limited preclinical discovery and testing of therapies for pediatric relapsed and refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), which has poor outcomes. Here, we established 57 patient‐derived xenografts (PDXs) in NOD.Cg‐Prkdcscidll2rgtm1Sug/ShiJic (NOG) mice and created a biobank by preserving PDX cells including three extramedullary relapsed ALL PDXs. We demonstrated that our PDX mice and PDX cells mimicked the biological features of relapsed ALL and that PDX models reproduced treatment‐mediated clonal selection. Our PDX biobank is a useful scientific resource for capturing drug sensitivity features of pediatric patients with ALL, providing an essential tool for the development of targeted therapies.
LRFN2 binding to NMDAR inhibits the progress of ESCC via regulating the Wnt/β‐Catenin and NF‐κB signaling pathway
Authors: Zhou Yu , Xu Lijuan , Wang Jiru , Ge Beibei , Wang Qiuzi , Wang Tao , Liu Chang , Wei Bin , Wang Qilong , Gao Yong
Published: July 2022

As a neuronal transmembrane protein, leucine‐rich repeat and fibronectin type‐III domain‐containing protein 2 (LRFN2) can recruit and combine with N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptors (NMDARs) to promote nerve growth. Genetic studies suggest that mutations in LRFN2 are associated with various cancers. However, the role and mechanism of LRFN2 in the progression of ESCC have not been elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that LRFN2 was significantly downregulated in ESCC tissues by qRT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry. Low LRFN2 expression was an adverse prognostic factor in patients with ESCC. Overexpression of LRFN2 effectively suppressed the proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that Wnt/β‐catenin signaling regulation was one of the most potential mechanisms and studies confirmed that overexpression of LFRN2 obviously downregulated the expression of β‐catenin, c‐Myc, and cyclin D1 in ESCC cells and tumor tissues. Further studies revealed that LRFN2 plays an anti‐ESCC role by binding with NMDAR‐GRIN2B and this effect can be weakened by NR2B‐selective NMDA antagonist‐NMDA‐IN‐1. Moreover, the bioinformatics analysis showed that the interaction of GRIN2B and GSK3β affects the NF‐κB pathway, which was demonstrated by western blot experiments. Collectively, our results indicate that LRFN2 binding to NMDARs inhibits the progression of ESCC by regulating the Wnt/β‐catenin and NF‐κB pathway, which provides a new therapeutic target for improving the prognosis of patients with ESCC.
Structuring of the effects of oral health literacy on dental caries in 12‐year‐old adolescents
Authors: Neves Érick Tássio Barbosa , da Costa Dutra Laio , de Lima Larissa Chaves Morais , Perazzo Matheus França , Ferreira Fernanda Morais , Paiva Saul Martins , Granville‐Garcia Ana Flávia
Published: July 2022

Objectives

To explore the pathways by which oral health literacy is associated with dental caries in adolescents, assessing direct and indirect effects of family cohesion and socioeconomic status.

Methods

A population‐based, representative cross‐sectional study was conducted with 740 12‐year‐old adolescents in Campina Grande, Brazil. Parents/guardians answered a sociodemographic questionnaire. Adolescents answered validated questionnaires addressing family cohesion and oral health literacy. Dental caries was diagnosed using Nyvad criteria. Two dentists underwent training exercises for the diagnosis and administration of the questionnaires (k > 0.80). Descriptive analysis was followed by the use of structural equation modelling to determine direct and indirect associations between the variables incorporated into the theoretical model of the study (95% CI).

Results

Oral health literacy (standardized coefficient: −3.472, p < .01) and mother's schooling (standardized coefficient: −0.405, p < .01) were directly associated with dental caries, whereas family cohesion and socioeconomic status exerted an indirect effect on the occurrence of dental caries in the adolescents.

Conclusions

Sociodemographic factors, family characteristics and oral health literary are associated with dental caries in 12‐year‐old adolescents.
Association between dental caries and molar‐incisor hypomineralisation in first permanent molars: A hierarchical model
Authors: Oreano Marcela D'avila , Santos Pablo Silveira , Borgatto Adriano Ferreti , Bolan Michele , Cardoso Mariane
Published: July 2022

Objective

To assess whether the prevalence of dental caries is associated with the presence of molar‐incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) in first permanent molars (FPMs).

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted with a sample of 5368 FPMs from 1342 children aged 8–10 years from Florianopolis, Brazil. Dental caries was evaluated with the Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index and MIH was assessed according to the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) criteria. The sociodemographic data were obtained with a questionnaire sent to caregivers. A hierarchical repeated measures Poisson regression, considering dependency among observations, was performed, since the unit of analysis was the tooth.

Results

The presence of MIH was associated with a 6.15 times higher prevalence of dental caries in FPMs (PR: 6.15; 95%CI: 4.18–9.04). A monthly family income ≤2 minimum wages and the caries experience in the primary teeth were also significantly associated with greater prevalence rates of dental caries in FPMs.

Conclusion

The presence of MIH showed a significant association with the prevalence of dental caries in FPMs. Thus, dentists should be alert to cases of MIH. Once the condition is detected, preventive measures should be taken to prevent enamel breakdown and the development of dental caries lesions.
Monoclonal antibody drugs for the treatment of multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Authors: Murata Hisashi , Sugiyama Yasuko , Shiraishi Naoyuki , Kihara Keigo , Kinoshita Makoto , Okuno Tatsusada
Published: July 2022

In recent years, remarkable advances have been made in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). In particular, several monoclonal antibody drugs have been approved for the treatment of MS and NMOSD, significantly expanding the therapeutic options for treating these diseases. This article provides an overview of the monoclonal antibodies available to treat patients with MS and NMOSD, including drugs that are not yet approved in Japan.
Einflussfaktoren auf oberflächliche und tiefe Beinvenenthrombosen nach Schaumverödung von Krampfadern
Authors: Danneil Olivia , Dörler Martin , Stockfleth Eggert , Stücker Markus
Published: July 2022

Hintergrund

Bei einer Schaumsklerosierungstherapie von Varizen können als Nebenwirkungen sowohl tiefe (TVT) als auch oberflächliche Beinvenenthrombosen (OVT) auftreten. Noch weitgehend unklar sind die Risikofaktoren, welche die Entstehung einer OVT oder TVT nach Schaumsklerosierung begünstigen. Das Ziel dieser retrospektiven Analyse war, anhand eines größeren Kollektivs von Patienten mit thromboembolischen Komplikationen sowohl patienten‐ als auch eingriffsbezogene Risikofaktoren für thromboembolische Komplikationen durch eine Schaumsklerosierung herauszuarbeiten.

Patienten und Methodik

Insgesamt wurden 170 Patienten untersucht, die eine Schaumsklerosierung erhielten. Vor dem Stichtag 17. März 2020 wurden die letzten 85 Patienten mit thromboembolischen Komplikationen als Studiengruppe A und die letzten 85 Patienten ohne thromboembolische Komplikationen als Kontrollgruppe B nach Sklerosierung mit aufgeschäumtem Sklerosierungsmittel erfasst und verglichen.

Ergebnisse

Patienten mit thromboembolischen Komplikationen hatten häufiger eine Thrombophilie (11/85 vs. 3/85). Die mittleren BMI‐Werte waren in Gruppe A (25,9 ± 5,1) signifikant niedriger als in Gruppe B (28,0 ± 7,2) (P = 0,034). Thromboembolische Komplikationen zeigen sich nach Schaumsklerosierung eher am Unterschenkel (61/105) als am Oberschenkel (1/13) (P < 0,001) dabei häufiger nach dorsaler als nach ventraler Schaumsklerosierung (39 von 47 vs. 5 von 40, P < 0,001). Von den 39 thromboembolischen Komplikationen am dorsalen Unterschenkel waren 23 Muskelvenenthrombosen.

Schlussfolgerung

Das Risiko für Muskelvenenthrombosen nach Schaumsklerosierung ist vor allem bei schlanken Patienten, welche am dorsalen Unterschenkel sklerosiert werden, erhöht.
Perioperatives Management von Antithrombotika in der Dermatochirurgie – Eine Umfrage unter Dermatologen in Deutschland
Authors: Scherer Fabian David , Nast Alexander , Gaskins Matthew , Werner Ricardo Niklas , Dressler Corinna
Published: July 2022

Hintergrund und Zielsetzung: Wir haben in zwei Querschnittsumfragen in den Jahren 2012 und 2017 eine erhebliche Heterogenität im perioperativen Management von Antithrombotika unter Dermatologen in Deutschland festgestellt. Die erste deutsche Leitlinie zu diesem Thema wurde 2014 veröffentlicht und im Jahr 2021 aktualisiert. Wir wollten herausfinden, wie sich der Umgang mit Antithrombotika verändert hat.

Methodik: Wir haben eine papierbasierte Umfrage an 1115 Dermatologen in ganz Deutschland versandt und sie zu ihrem perioperativen Management von Antithrombotika bei Operationen an der Haut sowie zu ihrer Vertrautheit mit der Leitlinie befragt.

Ergebnisse: Wir erhielten Antworten von 65 stationär tätigen und 202 niedergelassenen Dermatologen. Die meisten Dermatologen gaben an, Antithrombotika bei kleineren Operationen fortzuführen. Ein nennenswerter Anteil der Dermatologen gab an, bei invasiveren Operationen die Behandlung mit Phenprocoumon perioperativ zu pausieren und mit Heparin zu überbrücken. Bei Kombinationstherapien war das Fortführen der Behandlung weniger verbreitet.

Schlussfolgerungen: Der Anteil der Dermatologen in Deutschland, die angaben, Antithrombotika bei Operationen an der Haut leitlinienkonform zu managen, ist seit 2012 gestiegen. Das Fortführen von Antithrombotika bei großen Exzisionen und Wächterlymphknotenexstirpationen, der Verzicht auf die Überbrückung von Phenprocoumon mit Heparin und das perioperative Fortführen antithrombotischer Kombinationstherapien müssen jedoch weiterhin propagiert werden, insbesondere unter niedergelassenen Dermatologen.
Ultraschall in der Dermatochirurgie: Enthüllen des Verborgenen für optimierte chirurgische Planung
Authors: Crisan Diana , Wortsman Ximena , Alfageme Fernando , Catalano Orlando , Badea Alexandru , Scharffetter‐Kochanek Karin , Sindrilaru Anca , Crisan Maria
Published: July 2022

Die Sonographie ist ein modernes bildgebendes In‐vivo‐Verfahren, das in der Dermatologie zunehmend als ergänzendes Instrument zur klinischen Untersuchung und Dermatoskopie eingesetzt wird. Bei höheren Frequenzen (≥ 15 MHz) ist die Ultraschalldiagnostik eine etablierte Methode zur Beurteilung gutartiger und bösartiger Hautläsionen, lokoregionärer Lymphknoten, Überwachung der therapeutischen Wirksamkeit bei verschiedenen entzündlichen Hauterkrankungen und zur Patientennachsorge. Ein Bereich, der zunehmend von leistungsfähigen, bildgebenden Verfahren wie den Ultraschallsystemen profitieren könnte, ist die Dermatochirurgie. Die präoperative sonographische Darstellung von Hauttumoren, entzündlichen Hauterkrankungen (zum Beispiel Akne inversa, Abszesse) oder unterschiedlicher Nageltumoren liefert dem Chirurgen relevante präoperative Informationen und eine genaue anatomische Zuordnung für eine optimale chirurgische Planung. Zudem ermöglicht es die Identifizierung von potenziell komplexen Aspekten, die bei einer OP‐Planung berücksichtigt werden müssen, welche manchmal ein interdisziplinäres Vorgehen erfordern könnten. Dies kann unnötige operative Schritte vermeiden und somit die Patienten‐Compliance erhöhen.

In dieser Übersicht diskutieren wir die zunehmende Bedeutung der Ultraschalldiagnostik in der Dermatochirurgie sowie das Spektrum der Hauterkrankungen, bei dem die präoperative Sonographie eine präzisere, individuellere Operationsplanung zur besseren Beratung unserer Patienten ermöglicht.
Pure natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery resection of a huge peritoneal cyst: First clinical experience
Authors: Liu Dan , Tu Qiuyue , Liu Bingrong
Published: July 2022

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Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided jejunojejunostomy using a novel lumen‐apposing metal stent for treatment of afferent loop syndrome
Authors: Lee Kyong Joo , Park Se Woo
Published: July 2022

Watch a video of this article.
Highly rapid and diverse sex chromosome evolution in the Odorrana frog species complex
Authors: Katsumi Taito , Shams Foyez , Yanagi Hiroaki , Ohnishi Taku , Toda Mamoru , Lin Si‐Min , Mawaribuchi Shuuji , Shimizu Norio , Ezaz Tariq , Miura Ikuo
Published: July 2022

Sex chromosomes in poikilothermal vertebrates are characterized by rapid and diverse evolution at the species or population level. Our previous study revealed that the Taiwanese frog Odorrana swinhoana (2n = 26) has a unique system of multiple sex chromosomes created by three sequential translocations among chromosomes 1, 3, and 7. To reveal the evolutionary history of sex chromosomes in the Odorrana species complex, we first identified the original, homomorphic sex chromosomes, prior to the occurrence of translocations, in the ancestral‐type population of O. swinhoana. Then, we extended the investigation to a closely related Japanese species, Odorrana utsunomiyaorum, which is distributed on two small islands. We used a high‐throughput nuclear genomic approach to analyze single‐nucleotide polymorphisms and identify the sex‐linked markers. Those isolated from the O. swinhoana ancestral‐type population were found to be aligned to chromosome 1 and showed male heterogamety. In contrast, almost all the sex‐linked markers isolated from O. utsunomiyaorum were heterozygous in females and homozygous in males and were aligned to chromosome 9. Morphologically, we confirmed chromosome 9 to be heteromorphic in females, showing a ZZ‐ZW sex determination system, in which the W chromosomes were heterochromatinized in a stripe pattern along the chromosome axis. These results indicated that after divergence of the two species, the ancestral homomorphic sex chromosome 1 underwent highly rapid and diverse evolution, i.e., sequential translocations with two autosomes in O. swinhoana, and turnover to chromosome 9 in O. utsunomiyaorum, with a transition from XY to ZW heterogamety and change to heteromorphy.
Evaluation of split‐cast techniques for remounting casts on a dental articulator: A survey and an in vitro study
Authors: Sayed Mohammed E. , Ramireddy Naveen R. , Nandalur Kulashekar R. , Ahmed Walaa Magdy
Published: July 2022

Introduction

This study aimed to investigate the difference between senior dental students and prosthodontic faculty members regarding their opinions, attitudes and adoption of six split‐cast techniques for remounting complete dentures. The accuracy of each technique for measurements of the vertical and the anteroposterior dimensions was assessed.

Materials and Methods

Six split‐cast techniques to remove the casts were compared. A total of 115 participants removed a set of casts on six different articulators, and a questionnaire survey was administered. A digital Vernier caliper was used to measure the linear dimensional changes between the laterally pindexed references on each cast. The data were statistically analysed at α = 0.05.

Results

There were significant differences between senior dental students and prosthodontic faculty members in their responses regarding adoption of daily practice and techniques requiring more skill (p = .001). To adopt a specific technique in daily practice, most students and faculty members chose long round die pins (36.4%) and central groove indexing (CGI; 40.7%), respectively. For techniques requiring more skills, most students and faculty members chose long rectangular die pins (30.7%) and short round dowel pins (33.3%), respectively.

Conclusion

Dental students preferred ShRP, whilst faculty members preferred LReP. All participants considered CGI to be the easiest amongst the techniques. For comparison with baseline measurements, both senior dental students and prosthodontic faculty members considered side notch indexing and double dowel pins to be the most accurate techniques for vertical measurements, and CGI for anteroposterior measurements.
Lessons from the Field. Caregivers supporting marginalized people receiving social service support from street outreach workers
Authors: Rauwerdink‐Nijland Evelien , van den Dries Linda , Metz Judith , Verhoeff Arnoud , Wolf Judith
Published: July 2022

Objective

In this Lesson from the Field, we examine changes in the burden experienced by caregivers of persons who experience homelessness associated with lack employment, employability or education, and mental health challenges when the care recipient receives support from an outreach professional known as a social street worker (herein identified as worker). In addition, we focus on caregivers' perception of change in the quality of their relationship with the person for whom they care and whether the caregivers receive support from the worker.

Background

In the Netherlands, due to the transformation toward a participation society, persons living in compromised circumstances must increasingly rely on caregivers for support and shelter instead of relying on services, such as support from social community teams.

Methods

Workers provided by a Dutch organization covering the northwest of the Netherlands gained the consent of their clients to contact the clients' caregivers. Caregivers were invited to participate in the research and completed consent. A total of 111 caregivers of persons receiving support from workers completed surveys.

Results

Caregivers who had more contact with the worker worried less about the person for whom they provided care. No changes were found regarding tension between caregivers and the person for whom they cared. Most caregivers (73%) perceived positive changes in the quality of the relationship with the person for whom they provided care, and 52% received support from the worker.

Conclusion

Most carers did not perceive changes in their burden, but did perceived positive changes in the quality of the relationship with the person for whom they cared and received support themselves.

Implications

Our study underpins the need to recognize the caregiver's burden of caregivers who support marginalized people, to connect with these caregivers, and to support them.
Structure and functional composition of macroinvertebrate communities in coastal plain streams across a precipitation gradient
Authors: Carvallo Fernando R. , Strickland Bradley A. , Kinard Sean K. , Reese Brandi Kiel , Hogan James Derek , Patrick Christopher J.
Published: July 2022

Climate change is expected to alter rainfall and temperature regimes across the world. The hydrology and riparian zone vegetation of lotic ecosystems are tightly linked to rainfall and a mechanistic understanding of the effects of rainfall on lotic ecosystems is needed to forecast the ecological impacts of climate change. However, it is difficult to isolate rainfall effects from other environmental variables that covary across climates. To address this, we leveraged a unique steep rainfall gradient with few covarying changes in elevation, temperature, and geology to evaluate the effects of rainfall on stream invertebrate communities.

We surveyed nine streams in the Texas Gulf Coast Prairie distributed along a 550–1,350 mm/year rainfall gradient. Four sites were classified as drier semi‐arid streams (<750 mm annual rainfall) and five sites were classified as wetter sub‐humid streams (>750 mm annual rainfall). A suite of characteristics including benthic invertebrate community metrics, flow conditions, and water quality variables were assessed monthly for 14 months at each site to relate precipitation regime to stream structure and function.

Precipitation regime was observed to be a master explanatory variable. As annual rainfall increased, the flow environment became more stable within seasons and predictable across seasons, influencing spatial structure and temporal variability of invertebrate community composition. Wetter streams were dominated by slower growing taxa without adaptions for desiccation resistance and strong dispersal. Wetter sites displayed seasonal variation in community composition and species richness, whereas temporal variation in communities in drier streams was controlled by stochastic variation in flow conditions.

These observations show that differences in local annual rainfall correlated with major changes to community structure and functional composition. We hypothesise that this association is related to the connection of rainfall to hydrological stability, particularly the frequency of low flow disturbances, and the subsequent effects on riparian vegetation and temporally available niches to stream invertebrates. Our work adds to evidence that alterations in precipitation patterns associated with climate change have sweeping impacts on lotic fauna.
Thermal regime, together with lateral connectivity, control aquatic invertebrate composition in river floodplains
Authors: Marle Pierre , Riquier Jérémie , Timoner Pablo , Mayor Hélène , Slaveykova Vera I. , Castella Emmanuel
Published: July 2022

Large river floodplains are dynamic environments, where alternating low and high flows are key ecological processes shaping aquatic biota. As a result of fluctuations in flow in floodplain channels, the diversity of benthic assemblages is assumed to result from the balance between surface flow connections, which are dominant during high flows, and groundwater inputs, which are dominant during low flows. However, the relative importance of these inputs in explaining aquatic invertebrate diversity has never been tested.

The response of aquatic invertebrates to hydrological changes of a river floodplain was investigated in seven braided and six braided–anastomosed floodplain channels of the French upper Rhône River that are fed by three different processes: groundwater supply (which controls the thermal inertia of the water bodies), surface slow flow connections (i.e. diffuse overbank flows; passive overflow), and surface shear stress‐related connections (i.e. condensed flows; active overflow) during high flows.

Generalised dissimilarity models indicated that floodplain invertebrate composition had complex relationships with the three processes considered. The relative importance of the latter appeared dependent upon the morphology of the floodplain channels. In the braided channels, the effects of shear stress‐related connections were more prominent than in the anastomosed ones, for which the effects of the three processes were more similar.

Overall, the diversity of flow connections, that is, lateral surface water connections (both shear stress‐related and slow, as defined above) and vertical connection with groundwater (inferred through thermal inertia) enhanced the species turnover at the reach scale. Thermal inertia influenced invertebrate composition when, during low flow periods, surface flow connections had limited effect.

Our results highlighted that the role of hydrologic connectivity upon floodplain diversity cannot be reduced to a single process. They also indicate the importance of vertical connectivity for maintaining biodiversity in floodplain habitats where surface flow connectivity is neither frequent nor constant.
The important impact of dental care on haemostatic treatment burden in patients with mild haemophilia
Authors: Raso Simona , Napolitano Mariasanta , Sirocchi Davide , Siragusa Sergio , Hermans Cedric
Published: July 2022

Background

Mild haemophilia (MH) is mainly characterized by haemorrhages secondary to surgery/invasive procedures or trauma. Haemostatic treatment in MH ranges from on demand to short prophylaxis according to the type of bleeding events and the basal clotting factor level. Oral surgery and dental extractions can represent a frequent haemostatic challenge in MH requiring appropriate treatment. However, only few studies on limited numbers of patients are available in the literature regarding the implications of dental management in patients with MH.

Objectives

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of dental care on the burden of haemostatic treatment in patients affected by MH.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective multicentre study evaluating adult patients with MH regularly examined at the Haemophilia Treatment Centres (HTCs) of the Saint‐Luc University Hospital, Brussels (Belgium) and of Paolo Giaccone Hospital, Palermo (Italy). The population consisted of 107 male patients with MH, with a mean age of 39 years (range 18–81 years).

Results

The majority of patients (86/107, 79%) needed at least one treatment within the study period, and 44% (38/86) of them received haemostatic therapy for dental care. Haemostatic therapy in our study varied from antifibrinolytic therapy alone and perioperative factor replacement to the absence of treatment at all. The great majority of oral interventions (27/42, 64%) were managed with clotting factor concentrate.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that dental care currently represents a major reason for haemostatic treatments in patients with MH. Maintaining good oral health appears as a priority to minimize avoidable replacement therapy and optimize resources.
Building cultural intelligence through supervisor support: Social exchange and subjective career success as mediators and organisational support as a moderator
Authors: Le Huong , Jiang Zhou , Greenhaus Jeffrey
Published: July 2022

This study offers a new perspective on how organisational factors influence migrant workers' cultural intelligence (CQ) by examining a moderated mediation model of the mechanism underlying the relationship between perceived supervisor support and CQ. We tested our model using a survey on a sample of 462 migrants. We found that employees' social exchange and subjective career success mediated the relationship between their perceptions of supervisor support and CQ. Furthermore, perceived organisational support moderated the social exchange–CQ relationship, and this relationship was stronger among workers with perceived high organisational support than for those with perceptions of low support. We also found that the indirect effect of employees' perceived supervisor support on CQ via social exchange was stronger for those with perceived high organisational support than for those with perceptions of low support. This study contributes to a better understanding of factors that foster migrant workers' abilities to navigate diverse workplaces.
The relationship between pancreatic cancer and type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase I
Authors: Davis Timothy M. E. , Davis Wendy A.
Published: July 2022

Pancreatic cancer incidence was double (incidence rate ratio 2.06) in community‐based adults with (n = 1291) versus without (n = 5158) type 2 diabetes followed for up to 25 years in the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase 1. Sustained higher fasting plasma glucose reflecting insulin resistance and fewer comorbidities were statistically significant risk factors in the cohort with diabetes. Past pancreatitis was an aetiologically significant determinant in the cohort as a whole.
The emergence of the calvarial hematopoietic niche in health and disease
Authors: Mills William A. , Coburn Morgan A , Eyo Ukpong B.
Published: July 2022

The diploë region of skull has recently been discovered to act as a myeloid cell reservoir to the underlying meninges. The presence of ossified vascular channels traversing the inner skull of cortex provides a passageway for the cells to traffic from the niche, and CNS‐derived antigens traveling through cerebrospinal fluid in a perivascular manner reaches the niche to signal myeloid cell egress. This review will highlight the recent findings establishing this burgeoning field along with the known role this niche plays in CNS aging and disease. It will further highlight the anatomical routes and physiological properties of the vascular structures these cells use for trafficking, spanning from skull to brain parenchyma.
Acute radiation dermatitis among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with proton beam therapy: Prognostic factors and treatment outcomes
Authors: Fang Ko‐Chun , Lee Chih‐Hung , Chuang Hui‐Ching , Huang Tai‐Lin , Chien Chih‐Yen , Tsai Wen‐Ling , Fang Fu‐Min
Published: July 2022

A high incidence of severe acute radiation dermatitis (ARD) has been reported for cancer patients treated by proton beam therapy (PBT). This observational study investigated the prognostic factors and treatment outcomes of ARD among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with PBT. Fifty‐seven patients with newly diagnosed NPC and treated with PBT were enrolled. ARD was recorded weekly based on the criteria of Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0 at treatment visits (1st to 7th weeks) and 1 week (8th week) and 1 month (11th week) after the completion of PBT. The maximum ARD grade was 1, 2, and 3 in 26 (45.6%), 24 (42.1%), and 7 (12.3%) of the patients, respectively. The peak incidence of grade 2 and 3 ARD was observed during the period of the 6th to 8th weeks. Treatment of ARD included topical corticosteroid alone in 24 (42.1%) patients, topical corticosteroid plus silver sulfadiazine in 33 (57.9%) patients, and non‐adhering silicone dressing to cover severe skin wound area in 25 (43.8%) patients. In the 11th week, most grade 2 and 3 ARD had disappeared and 93.0% of the patients had ARD of grade 1 or lower. In the binary logistic regression model, we identified habitual smoking (odds ratio [OR]: 5.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3‐18.8, P = .012) and N2 to N3 nodal status (OR: 4.9, 95% CI: 1.6‐15.4, P = .006) as independent predictors of grade 2 and 3 ARD. The results show ARD is a major concern for patients with NPC treated with PBT, especially those with habitual smoking or advanced nodal status. Topical corticosteroid, silver sulfadiazine, and non‐adhering silicone dressing are effective for treating ARD induced by PBT.
Intense UV absorbers in fluorite‐type rare‐earth cerates for sunscreen formulations
Authors: Raj Athira K. V. , Rao P. Prabhakar
Published: July 2022

Intense UV absorbers are developed in fluorite‐type rare‐earth cerate solid solutions: RE2O3 + 2CeO2 = RE2Ce2O7 (RE = La, Gd, and Y) by the conventional ceramic route. X‐ray diffraction analysis corroborates the formation of fluorite structure with lattice expansion from Y to La compound. Further, Raman analysis elucidates that the defect oxygen vacancies increased in concentration from Y‐ to Gd‐substituted ones. The defect concentration of Ce3+ is dependent on the rare earth used and it is more for Y than the other two. The UV–vis spectra exhibit strong absorption in the UVA and UVB wavelength regions (210–400 nm) due to an increased polarizability of oxygen ions bound to cerium in the order of La > Gd > Y. The absorption edge is sharp, and the absorbance of La compound is 2.5 times higher than that of the existing titania UV absorber and is also far higher than that of the pure CeO2. Additionally, methylene blue photodegradation and photoluminescence studies show negligible photocatalytic activity for these compositions. Thus, the rare‐earth cerates can be considered possible sun screen formulations that can be blended with other organic products to provide effective, safe, and desirable UV protection without surface coatings to shield the photocatalysis.
Foodservice systems and mealtime models in rehabilitation: Scoping review
Authors: Pashley Alice , Young Adrienne , Wright Olivia
Published: July 2022

Aims

To describe current foodservice systems and mealtime care utilized in the rehabilitation setting. A secondary aim was to identify commonly used outcome measures in foodservice research in the rehabilitation setting.

Design

A scoping review.

Data sources

PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Embase, PsycINFO and Cochrane were searched until January 2022.

Review methods

The review was conducted according to Joanna Briggs Institute's methodology for scoping reviews. Included studies were conducted in the inpatient rehabilitation setting, adult population ≥18 years old and provided a description of at least one element of the foodservice system, food and menu, waste and/or eating environment.

Results

Of 5882 articles screened, 37 articles were included, reporting 31 unique studies. Most rehabilitation units had cook‐fresh production methods (50%), used decentralized bulk delivery methods (67%) had a communal dining room (67%) and had a 3‐week menu cycle (71%). Mealtime care was predominantly provided by nursing staff, however few studies reported on specific activities. Nutritional intake was a key outcome measure across included studies (43%), with only six papers reporting on rehabilitation outcomes. Of the intervention studies (n = 9), all were aimed at improving nutritional intake through menu or mealtime care modifications; few (n = 3) studied changes in rehabilitation outcomes.

Conclusion

This scoping review identified a considerable lack of reporting of foodservice and mealtime care systems used in rehabilitation settings in the available literature. Further investigation is required to understand what models of mealtime care are provided to patients and to understand the impact of changes to foodservice and mealtime systems on patient outcomes.

Patient or public contribution

No patient or public contribution was necessary for this review.
Early blood pressure changes during systemic thrombolysis and its association with unexplained early neurological deterioration in small subcortical infarct
Authors: Wei Xiu'e , Duan Zuowei , Zhai Yujia , Zhang Cuicui , Zhang Jun , Hu Ting , Liu Tengfei , Liu Zhenqian , Xu Jiang , Liu Haiyan , Rong Liangqun
Published: July 2022

Early neurological deterioration (END), observed in the acute phase of small subcortical infarct treated with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT), is not uncommon in these patients. However, in over half of the END cases, the exact cause is yet incompletely understood, which is so‐called unexplained END (unEND). Our aim was to investigate the association of early blood pressure (BP) changes with unEND in patients with small subcortical infarct in the perforator territory of middle cerebral artery treated with IVT. Consecutive patients with acute small subcortical infarct treated with IVT were enrolled in this study. unEND was defined as≧2‐point increase of NIHSS from baseline to 24 hours, without straightforward causes. BP excursions and BP variability were calculated and compared between patients with unNED and those without. A total of 168 patients with acute small subcortical infarct were included. Of them, there were 29 patients with unEND and 139 without END. During the first 24 hours following IVT, 66 (39.29%) patients had at least one BP excursion. Logistic regression analyses indicated that BP excursion presence (OR = 3.185, 95% CI: 1.238‐8.198), SBP excursion presence (OR = 3.535, 95% CI: 1.366‐9.143), and number of SBP excursion (OR = 1.466, 95% CI: 1.090‐1.973) were independently associated with unEND. Although SBPSD (P < .001) and SBPCV (P < .001) were higher in patients with unEND than those without END, none of the parameters of BP variability predicted unEND in multivariate analyses. BP excursions above guideline thresholds during the first 24 hours following IVT for small subcortical infarct are common and are independently associated with unEND.
SARS‐CoV‐2 infection impacts carbon metabolism and depends on glutamine for replication in Syrian hamster astrocytes
Authors: de Oliveira Lilian Gomes , de Souza Angelo Yan , Yamamoto Pedro , Carregari Victor Corasolla , Crunfli Fernanda , Reis‐de‐Oliveira Guilherme , Costa Lícia , Vendramini Pedro Henrique , Duque Érica Almeida , dos Santos Nilton Barreto , Firmino Egidi Mayara , Paiva Isadora Marques , Almeida Glaucia Maria , Sebollela Adriano , Polonio Carolina Manganeli , Zanluqui Nagela Ghabdan , de Oliveira Marília Garcia , da Silva Patrick , Davanzo Gustavo Gastão , Ayupe Marina Caçador , Salgado Caio Loureiro , de Souza Filho Antônio Francisco , de Araújo Marcelo Valdemir , Silva‐Pereira Taiana Tainá , de Almeida Campos Angélica Cristine , Góes Luiz Gustavo Bentim , dos Passos Cunha Marielton , Caldini Elia Garcia , D'Império Lima Maria Regina , Fonseca Denise Morais , de Sá Guimarães Ana Márcia , Minoprio Paola Camargo , Munhoz Carolina Demarchi , Mori Cláudia Madalena Cabrera , Moraes‐Vieira Pedro Manoel , Cunha Thiago Mattar , Martins‐de‐Souza Daniel , Peron Jean Pierre Schatzmann
Published: July 2022

COVID‐19 causes more than million deaths worldwide. Although much is understood about the immunopathogenesis of the lung disease, a lot remains to be known on the neurological impact of COVID‐19. Here, we evaluated immunometabolic changes using astrocytes in vitro and dissected brain areas of SARS‐CoV‐2 infected Syrian hamsters. We show that SARS‐CoV‐2 alters proteins of carbon metabolism, glycolysis, and synaptic transmission, many of which are altered in neurological diseases. Real‐time respirometry evidenced hyperactivation of glycolysis, further confirmed by metabolomics, with intense consumption of glucose, pyruvate, glutamine, and alpha ketoglutarate. Consistent with glutamine reduction, the blockade of glutaminolysis impaired viral replication and inflammatory response in vitro. SARS‐CoV‐2 was detected in vivo in hippocampus, cortex, and olfactory bulb of intranasally infected animals. Our data evidence an imbalance in important metabolic molecules and neurotransmitters in infected astrocytes. We suggest this may correlate with the neurological impairment observed during COVID‐19, as memory loss, confusion, and cognitive impairment.

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Efficacy of non‐pharmacological interventions to reduce pain in people with dementia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Saragih Ita Daryanti , Suarilah Ira , Son Nguyen Thi , Lee Bih‐O.
Published: July 2022

Aims and objectives

To identify the efficacy of non‐pharmacological interventions designed to reduce pain in people with dementia.

Background

Pain is prevalent among patients with dementia but frequently remains untreated. Although non‐pharmacological interventions have been used to reduce pain in people with dementia, the efficacy of these interventions for pain management in people with dementia has not been thoroughly synthesised.

Design

Systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Methods

The study was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and Cochrane criteria for systematic reviews. A comprehensive search was performed using the Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, OVID and Web of Science databases, from databases inception to 13 March 2022. The modified Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool (ROB‐2) was used to evaluate the methodological quality of each included study. Standardised mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were synthesised using a random‐effects model to assess the efficacy of non‐pharmacological interventions for reducing pain in people with dementia (using Stata 16.0).

Results

The final analysis assessed 12 studies, including 989 persons with dementia. Non‐pharmacological interventions were found to reduce pain in 4–8 weeks after the interventions (SMD: −0.32; 95% CI: −0.62 to −0.02). However, the effects of intervention frequency and patient age remain unknown.

Conclusions

Non‐pharmacological interventions are effective for reducing pain in people with dementia. Further investigations remain necessary to explore the effectiveness of specific non‐pharmacological therapies for pain reduction in people with dementia (e.g. aromatherapy, play activity, singing or robotic care).

Relevance to clinical practice

The findings of this study can guide healthcare practitioners when considering the use of non‐pharmacological pain management methods for people with dementia and may improve the implementation of these methods in clinical practice.

Patient or public contributions

The study suggests non‐pharmacological interventions to reduce pain and underlines the relevance of health provider's viewpoints. The types, duration and length of follow‐up of non‐pharmacological interventions can be offered based on patient's conditions and the standard of clinical practice.
Clinical judgement in nursing – An evolutionary concept analysis
Authors: Connor Justine , Flenady Tracy , Massey Deb , Dwyer Trudy
Published: July 2022

Aims

The aim of this concept analysis was to develop a contemporary operational definition of Clinical Judgement in nursing.

Design

Concept analysis.

Methods

Rodgers' evolutionary method of concept analysis. Throughout the study, the authors followed the SRQR checklist.

Results

This concept analysis guided the development of an operational definition of clinical judgement, within the context of nursing, articulated as Clinical judgement is a reflective and reasoning process that draws upon all available data, is informed by an extensive knowledge base and results in the formation of a clinical conclusion.

Conclusion

The purpose of this concept analysis was to propose a detailed definition of clinical judgement in nursing, that reflected its theoretical base within today's contemporary healthcare system. Using Rodgers' evolutionary method of concept analysis, surrogate terms, attributes, antecedents and consequences were identified, and a contemporary definition was developed.

No patient or public contribution was required to design or undertake this research.
‘biogeom’: An R package for simulating and fitting natural shapes
Authors: Shi Peijian , Gielis Johan , Quinn Brady K. , Niklas Karl J. , Ratkowsky David A. , Schrader Julian , Ruan Honghua , Wang Lin , Niinemets Ülo
Published: July 2022

Many natural objects exhibit radial or axial symmetry in a single plane. However, a universal tool for simulating and fitting the shapes of such objects is lacking. Herein, we present an R package called ‘biogeom’ that simulates and fits many shapes found in nature. The package incorporates novel universal parametric equations that generate the profiles of bird eggs, flowers, linear and lanceolate leaves, seeds, starfish, and tree‐rings, and three growth‐rate equations that generate the profiles of ovate leaves and the ontogenetic growth curves of animals and plants. ‘biogeom’ includes several empirical datasets comprising the boundary coordinates of bird eggs, fruits, lanceolate and ovate leaves, tree rings, seeds, and sea stars. The package can also be applied to other kinds of natural shapes similar to those in the datasets. In addition, the package includes sigmoid curves derived from the three growth‐rate equations, which can be used to model animal and plant growth trajectories and predict the times associated with maximum growth rate. ‘biogeom’ can quantify the intra‐ or interspecific similarity of natural outlines, and it provides quantitative information of shape and ontogenetic modification of shape with important ecological and evolutionary implications for the growth and form of the living world.
Parental atopy and risk of atopic dermatitis in the first two years of life in the BASELINE birth cohort study
Authors: O'Connor Cathal , Livingstone Vicki , Hourihane Jonathan O'. B. , Irvine Alan D. , Boylan Geraldine , Murray Deirdre
Published: July 2022

Background

Atopic dermatitis (AD) has a strong genetic basis. The objective of this study was to assess the association between parental atopy and AD development by 2 years.

Methods

A secondary data analysis of the BASELINE Birth Cohort study was performed (n = 2183). Parental atopy was self‐reported at 2 months. Infants were examined for AD by trained health care professionals at 6, 12, and 24 months. Variables extracted from the database related to skin barrier function, early skincare, parental atopy, and AD. Statistical analysis adjusted for potential confounding variables.

Results

Complete data on AD status were available for 1505 children at 6, 12, and 24 months. Prevalence of AD was 18.6% at 6 months, 15.2% at 12 months, and 16.5% at 24 months. Adjusted odds ratios (95% CIs) following multivariable analysis were 1.57 (1.09–2.25) at 6 months and 1.66 (1.12–2.46) at 12 months for maternal AD; 1.90 (1.28–2.83) at 6 months and 1.85 (1.20–2.85) at 24 months for paternal AD; 1.76 (1.21–2.56) at 6 months and 1.75 (1.16–2.63) at 12 months for maternal asthma; and 1.70 (1.19–2.45) at 6 months, 1.86 (1.26–2.76) at 12 months, and 1.99 (1.34–2.97) at 24 months for paternal asthma. Parental rhinitis was only associated with AD with maternal rhinitis at 24 months (aOR (95% CI): 1.79 (1.15–2.80)).

Conclusion

Parental AD and asthma were associated with increased risk of objectively diagnosed AD in offspring in this contemporary cohort.
Characterization and differentiation of pollen lipidomes and proteomes from different intrafloral stamens in heterantherous Senna bicapsularis
Authors: Huang H. , Gong Z.
Published: July 2022

Numerous compounds in pollen can affect the foraging decision‐making of bees. Clarification of phytochemical components and identification of key substances for bee foraging preference in pollen are essential steps for apiculture and developing a conservation strategy.

Senna bicapsularis, a heterantherous plant that possesses three different stamen types in the same flower, among which bees forage selectively, provides us with an ideal research model for identification of potential substances of bee foraging preference. The lipid and protein compositions of pollen from the anthers of different stamens of S. bicapsularis were investigated and compared.

The polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) were highest among lipid molecules in pollen from short (S) stamens than from long (L) and medium (M) stamens. This result is consistent with the FA content measurement, showing the highest FAs and UFAs content in S pollen, especially α‐linolenic acid. We inferred that α‐linolenic acid might be one of the key substances for bee foraging preference in pollen. Moreover, proteomic analysis showed that several differentially expressed proteins involved in lipid biosynthesis were highly accumulated in S pollen, such as choline kinase 2, 3‐oxoacyl‐ACP synthase‐like protein and choline/ethanolamine phosphotransferase 1, in line with the highest FA content of S pollen. Additionally, DEPs involved in ‘starch and sucrose metabolism’, ‘phenylpropanoid biosynthesis’ and ‘cyanoamino acid metabolism’ were more represented in S compared with L and M pollen.

The study suggests that differences in proteomic and lipidomic profiling among the three different stamen types might affect foraging decision‐making of bumblebees.