bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methyl Donor Ameliorates CCl4‐Induced Nephrotoxicity by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Fibrosis Through the Attenuation of Kidney Injury Molecule 1 and Neutrophil Gelatinase‐Associated Lipocalin Expression
Authors: Manhar Nirmal , Singh Sumeet Kumar , Yadav Poonam , Bishnolia Manish , Khurana Amit , Bhatti Jasvinder Singh , Navik Umashanker
Published: February 2025

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), a volatile organic compound, is harmful to multi‐organs, including the liver, lungs, muscles, and kidneys. Methyl donors, such as methionine, choline, betaine, and folic acid, are vital to one‐carbon metabolism and have great potential to alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation, thus mitigating disease onset. Hence, the current study aims to examine the therapeutic effect of methyl donors against CCl4‐induced nephrotoxicity. Nephrotoxicity was developed in male Sprague Dawley rats using CCl4 at a dose of 1 mL/kg (4‐week model induction) twice a week via the intraperitoneal route. Thereafter, methyl donor treatments through oral gavage were given for the next 6 weeks with a continuation of CCl4 administration. Biochemical, oxidative stress parameters, histopathological, and qRT‐PCR analyses were done at the completion of the 10‐week. Biochemical analyses revealed that CCl4 induces nephrotoxicity, as evidenced by increased urea and creatinine levels and decreased albumin levels. These detrimental effects were significantly ameliorated by methyl donor treatment. Moreover, CCl4 decreased the antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase; SOD and catalase; CAT) while increasing oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde; MDA and nitrite). Methyl donor treatment effectively mitigated these oxidative changes. Histopathological analysis demonstrated the nephroprotective effect of methyl donors against CCl4‐induced nephrotoxicity, showing reduced tissue damage and protection of renal architecture. At the molecular level, methyl donor treatment alleviated the CCl4‐induced increase in kidney injury biomarkers (Kidney injury molecule 1; KIM‐1 and Neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin; NGAL), as well as inflammatory (IL‐6 and TNF‐α) and fibrosis‐related genes (Acta‐2 and TGF‐β). In conclusion, our findings suggest that methyl donors possess anti‐inflammatory and anti‐fibrotic properties. They protect against CCl4‐induced oxidative damage to renal cells, likely due to their reactive oxygen species scavenging capabilities and their ability to restore key early renal injury biomarkers (KIM‐1 and NGAL). Methyl donors hold great promise as a cutting‐edge therapy approach for preventing CCl4‐induced nephrotoxicity.
Low‐Power Blue LED Modulates NF‐κB and Proinflammatory Cytokines in Doxorubicin‐Treated MDA‐MB‐231 Cells
Authors: Fonseca Teixeira Adilson , Pires Bruno Ricardo Barreto , Panis Carolina , Monte‐Alto‐Costa Andréa , da Fonseca Adenilson de Souza , Mencalha Andre Luiz
Published: February 2025

Doxorubicin is a crucial chemotherapy used in the treatment of triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients, but elevated doxorubicin doses may induce therapeutic resistance. To overcome this limitation, we have previously established a photodynamic therapeutic (PDT)‐like strategy that irradiates doxorubicin‐treated cells with a low‐power nonionizing blue LED device. This combined treatment increases the production of reactive oxygen species to promote cell death, consequently enabling reduced doxorubicin dosages. Yet, precisely determining the molecular mechanisms that drive this outcome is still required for advancing such PDT‐like approach. Here, we aimed to correlate the expression of the inflammatory markers NF‐κB, IL‐8, IL‐6, and IL‐1β with the survival of TNBC cells submitted to our PDT‐like protocol. Our results show that NF‐κB/p65 nuclear levels were enhanced in MDA‐MB‐231 cells treated with doxorubicin and blue LED. Moreover, this PDT‐like strategy increased IL‐6 mRNA levels in MDA‐MB‐231 cells. IL‐1β and IL‐8 mRNA were upregulated in samples incubated with doxorubicin regardless of concomitant irradiation with blue LED. These results show that our PDT‐like protocol is effective in elevating inflammatory signals, shedding light on the molecular mechanisms that underlie the efficacy of this innovative anticancer therapeutic approach.
Decoding SARS‐CoV‐2 Inhibition: Insights From Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Condensed Amino Thiourea Scaffold Small Molecules
Authors: Shen Xiaoli , Zhang Hao , Zhang Pengyin , Zhao Xuerui , Liu Chang , Ju Jianan , Liu Aijun , Wang Song
Published: February 2025

The main protease (Mpro) of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) plays a crucial role in viral replication. In this study, the binding modes and inhibitory mechanisms of eight condensed amino thiourea scaffold inhibitors of Mpro in proteins were investigated using a combination of molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and MM/PBSA binding free energy calculations. The results indicated that the para‐hydroxyl group on the benzene ring at the head of the inhibitor has a decisive influence on the initial docking pose and binding free energy strength of the inhibitor. Additionally, the position and length of the hydrophobic side chain on the tail six‐membered ring significantly impacted the final binding pose of the inhibitor. The presence of a long hydrophobic side chain in the ortho position of this ring, through its interaction with the P4 hydrophobic pocket, led to an opposite binding mode in the protein compared with when it was present with or without the para‐side chain. Different lengths of para‐substituted side chains affected the positioning of the inhibitors in the enzyme. These different binding modes led to variations in the binding free energy between the inhibitor and the protein, which in turn gave rise to differences in inhibitory capability.
A comprehensive review on progression and innovations in microwave assisted extraction technology for essential oils
Authors: Dhotre Irsha
Published: February 2025

This Review Paper provides a comprehensive analysis of extraction methods for essential oils, focusing particularly on the innovative Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) technology. Essential oils, derived from various plant parts, are highly valued for their aromatic and therapeutic properties, finding applications in industries such as perfumery, aromatherapy, cosmetics, and food flavoring. Traditional extraction methods often face challenges, including prolonged extraction times, excessive solvent usage, and the risk of degrading sensitive compounds. In contrast, MAE has emerged as a superior alternative, offering significant advantages such as expedited extraction processes, reduced solvent consumption, and enhanced preservation of volatile compounds. This study highlights key findings, including the optimal parameters for MAE, such as microwave power, extraction time, and solvent‐to‐raw material ratios, which collectively influence the yield and quality of essential oils. Notably, findings of this survey, indicates that MAE can achieve up to a 40% increase in essential oil yield compared to conventional methods. The review also discusses the evolution of MAE techniques, from initial simple heating methods to advanced systems incorporating infrared temperature sensors and magnetic stirrers, which improve precision and efficiency. By elucidating these advancements, this paper underscores the transformative impact of MAE on the extraction of essential oils, paving the way for future research and development in this field. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
On the Fila Olfactoria and the Cribriform Region of the Crocodylia
Authors: Dille Matthew , Cramberg Michael , DeLeeuw Hadyn , Pick Emily , Thompson Mary , Young Bruce A.
Published: February 2025

In mammals the fila olfactoria, fascicles of axons coursing from sensory neurons in the olfactory epithelium to the glomeruli of the olfactory bulb, not only have a topographic projection pattern but also serve as routes for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage from around the brain. Les is known about the fila olfactoria in nonmammalian taxa. This work explores the fila olfactoria of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) using a combination of gross dissection, histology, Diffusible Iodine‐based contrast‐enhanced computed tomography, latex corrosion casting, and India ink tracers. In Crocodylians, as in other nonmammalian vertebrates, the fila olfactoria courses through a foramen in the nasal capsule rather than an ethmoidal cribriform plate. In Alligator this foramen is filled by dense connective tissue; prominent perineural spaces extend through the connective tissue, effectively making it perforate like the cribriform plate. Latex or India ink introduced into the cranial CSF pass through the dense connective to reach the submucosa of the olfactory epithelium, suggesting that Crocodylians have the same cranial CSF drainage pattern as mammals. In Alligator, the fila olfactoria is asymmetric, with more fascicles entering the ventral and lateral surfaces of the olfactory bulb than the dorsal or medial surfaces. If individual fascicles of the fila olfactoria are traced in Alligator, a clear topographic projection emerges; with medial and lateral polarity maintained between olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb, and a rostral‐caudal polarity projecting as dorsal‐ventral on the olfactory bulb.
A Novel Forecasting Approach to Schedule Electric Vehicle Charging Using Real‐Time Data
Authors: Singh Arpana , Nangia Uma , Rizwan M.
Published: February 2025

The rapid adoption of electric vehicle (EV) has increased the need for precise demand estimates to ensure grid stability, reduce operational costs, and strategically plan the expansion of charging stations. Existing forecasting approaches struggle to capture the complexity and change of the EV load patterns, especially over time. The effective development and optimization of the charging infrastructure are critically dependent on accurate EV load forecasting. This paper proposes a hybrid forecasting approach that combines long short‐term memory models with advanced decomposition methods like empirical mode decomposition, ensemble empirical mode decomposition, and complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition using adaptive noise and seasonal‐trend decomposition to address this challenge. The proposed framework is tested for 15, 30, 60, and 120 min to show its adaptability and robustness. Statistical evaluations show that decomposition approaches using long short‐term memory increase predicting accuracy across all time intervals. STL‐LSTM reduces the forecast error by 52.38% between hybrid methods. Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Shapiro–Wilk, and t‐tests confirm the results, improving consistency and dependability. This paper shows that hybrid decomposition‐based forecasting models can scale and accurately manage future EV charging demands, overcoming the limits of traditional techniques.
Metabolomic Profiling and Genome‐Wide Analysis of Bacillus subtilis NBAIR‐BSWG1 Reveals Cyclic Lipopeptides as Key Antagonists
Authors: Surendra Ankitha Karegowdru , Kumaraswamy Radha Tumkur , Seegenahalli Ruqiya , Kukreti Aditya , Manjunatha Lavanya Siddanahalli , Aravindaram Kandan , Gopalsamy Sivakumar , Syamala Ramya Ramesan , Channappa Manjunatha
Published: February 2025

Understanding bacterial genetics and metabolism is vital for developing biopesticides. This study investigates Bacillus subtilis NBAIR‐BSWG1, a strain well known for its antagonistic potential. Crude lipopeptides extracted from the strain were evaluated for in vitro activity, showing complete inhibition of Rhizoctonia solani at a concentration of 50 μL/mL potato dextrose agar. To delve deeper into its antagonistic mechanisms, we conducted whole‐genome sequencing of NBAIR‐BSWG1 using Illumina NextSeq 500. Subsequent analysis with the BlastX diamond tool revealed 19 key biosurfactant genes, including surfactin (srfAA, srfAC, srfAD, srfP), fengycin (ppsE, ppsD, ppsC, ppsB), and putisolvin (dnaK), which were further confirmed by PCR using specific primers. Meanwhile, antiSMASH analysis revealed gene clusters with 100% similarity to those responsible for the synthesis of fengycin, bacilaene, bacillibactin, subtilosin A, and bacilysin, as well as clusters with 82% similarity to surfactin synthesis genes. Additionally, liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry was performed to analyze the cell‐free extract produced by NBAIR‐BSWG1, revealing the presence of various cyclic lipopeptides, including multiple peaks corresponding to surfactin, iturin, and several novel lipopeptide compounds. This study highlights B. subtilis NBAIR‐BSWG1 cyclic lipopeptides as a key to broad‐spectrum bio‐control and establishes the strain as highly potent.
Human Blood Investigation of Ta‐Coated 316L Stainless Steel to Evaluate Corrosion and Wear Behaviour Against Other Artificial Fluids for Orthopaedic Implants
Authors: Pathote Dileep , Ranjan Ashwani , Mandal Abhijit , Kumar Sandeep , Gautam R. K. , Behera C. K.
Published: February 2025

Stainless steel (316L) is widely used in biomedical applications, but concerns persist regarding its long‐term surface properties, particularly in varying patient environments over time. This study aims to enhance the surface properties of 316L stainless steel through a 1.504 μm tantalum (Ta) coating applied via DC magnetron sputtering. The corrosion and wear behaviours were evaluated in different mediums, including human blood (HB), artificial saliva (AS), Ringer's solution (RS), and simulated body fluid (SBF). The Ta‐coated 316L SS exhibited a shift toward nobler corrosion behaviour, with a corrosion rate of 0.146 × 10−2 mm/year in human blood, compared to the uncoated 316L SS, which showed corrosion rates of 0.325, 0.556, 0.779, and 1.425 × 10−2 mm/year in HB, RS, AS, and SBF, respectively. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results indicated higher corrosion resistance of Ta‐coated 316L SS in human blood than in other fluids. Potentiodynamic polarisation (PDP) results reveal that corrosion rate and current increased as the fluid environment shifted from human blood to simulated body fluid. Wear tests further demonstrated the superior wear resistance of the Ta‐coated 316L SS, with a minimum wear rate of 0.086 × 10−5 mm³/Nm, compared to the uncoated 316L SS, which exhibited a maximum wear rate of 0.25 × 10−5 mm³/Nm. The microstructural analysis confirmed significant improvements in the surface properties of Ta‐coated 316L SS, particularly in the human blood environment.
ARMC10 Drives Glioblastoma Progression Through Activating Notch Pathway
Authors: Feng Bin , Gao Taihong , Chen Lin , Xing Yi
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to check the biological functions and uncover the mechanism of armadillo repeat protein C10 (ARMC10) in glioblastoma (GBM). The expression and potential mechanisms of ARMC10 in GBM were analyzed by bioinformatics analysis. In GBM cells, function‐loss experiments were used to evaluate the influences of ARMC10 on cell proliferation, cell invasion, lipid levels, and cell migration by colony formation assay, 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine staining, cell counting kit‐8 assay, transwell assay, BODIPY staining, and wound healing assay. Mouse xenograft models were constructed to validate the influences of ARMC10 in vivo. ARMC10 levels in GBM were upregulated, and patients with low ARMC10 levels displayed a better prognosis. ARMC10 knockdown resulted in a decrease of GBM cell invasion, migration, and proliferation. GSEA showed that ARMC10 was positively associated with the Notch pathway and fatty acid metabolism. ARMC10 knockdown reduced the levels of triglyceride, cholesterol, and lipid, and inhibited the expression of proteins related to fatty acid metabolism and Notch pathway. Moreover, notch receptor 1 (Notch1) overexpression reversed the inhibition of cell proliferation, fatty acid metabolism, and invasion induced by ARMC10 knockdown. In vivo, ARMC10 knockdown suppressed tumor growth. RMC10 knockdown suppressed GBM malignant progression, which had a bearing on Notch pathway.
CircDIAPH1 Promotes Liver Metastasis and Development of Colorectal Cancer by Initiation of CEACAM6 Expression
Authors: Wang Wei , Li Xu , Wang Hantao , Huang Cheng , Zhu Laicheng , Wang Hao , Zhang Wei
Published: February 2025

Liver metastasis is a critical factor influencing the 5‐year survival rate in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the biological function of most circRNAs in liver metastasis of CRC is still unknown. In this study, we identified differentially expressed circRNAs associated with liver metastasis (LM‐DE‐circRNAs). A total of 247 LM‐DE‐circRNAs were identified, and crucial signaling pathways, including the regulation of actin cytoskeleton, were significantly enriched, featuring six LM‐DE‐circRNAs. Notably, circDIAPH1 (hsa_circ_0074323), with the highest AUC value, emerged as a potential biomarker for CRC liver metastasis (CRLM). Functional assays following circDIAPH1 knockdown demonstrated induced apoptosis, suppressed proliferation, reduced metastasis, and invasion in CRC cell lines in vitro. The circDIAPH1 knockdown attenuated tumor growth in a cell‐derived xenograft model. Furthermore, circDIAPH1 knockdown lessened the liver metastasis. Transcriptome profiling revealed that CEACAM6 was the most downregulated gene while circDIAPH1 was knocked down, and possesses high expression value in CRC. Most importantly, we found that circDIAPH1 recruited transcription factor FOXA1 to bind in the promoter region of CEACAM6 and initiated CEACAM6 expression. Additionally, the study identified the transcription factor BRD4 as a regulator of circDIAPH1 expression in CRC. In conclusion, this study reveals that circDIAPH1 recruits FOXA1 to initiate CEACAM6 expression, promoting liver metastasis and development of CRC.
Being Prodromal: Current Criteria in the Context of Isolated REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
Authors: Ophey Anja , Röttgen Sinah , Reichrath Julia , Kalbe Elke , Fink Gereon R. , Sommerauer Michael
Published: February 2025

Background

Isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) indicates an early α‐synucleinopathy with approximately 90% of individuals pheno‐converting to Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), or multiple system atrophy (MSA). Recently, prodromal disease definitions (pPD, pDLB, pMSA) have been introduced.

Objective

To investigate the overlap of prodromal definitions in an established iRBD cohort.

Methods

We applied the current diagnostic criteria for pPD, pDLB, and pMSA to N = 55 individuals from the local iRBD cohort.

Results

All except two individuals fulfilled at least one of the prodromal disease definitions; most individuals were classified as pPD (94.5%). 56% of the individuals fulfilled more than one definition: 32.7% pMSA&pPD, 10.9% pDLB&pPD, and 12.7% all three (pPD&pDLB&pMSA). The cognitive screening [(pPD = pMSA) > pDLB], motor symptoms [pPD < (pDLB = pMSA)], and olfactory testing [(pPD = pDLB) < pMSA] significantly differed between groups.

Conclusions

The observed overlap leads to challenges in patient counseling and risk disclosure. Better discrimination will facilitate research in early α‐synucleinopathy phases.
Tic Disorders Care Gaps in Spanish‐Speaking Latin America
Authors: Escobar Alex Medina , Munoz Daniela , Gautreau Sylvia , Rossi Malco , Pringsheim Tamara
Published: February 2025

Background

Primary tic disorders (TD) are common movement disorders in childhood. However, it is unclear if international guidelines are applied in Latin America.

Objectives

To investigate the applicability of TD guidelines in Latin America.

Methods

An online survey was developed and distributed to healthcare professionals treating TD across Latin America.

Results

Healthcare providers from 15 countries participated. TD are mainly diagnosed by general neurologists (85%). There is limited access to public clinics for movement disorders or TD, and 80% do not utilize a protocol. Rating scales are rarely used. More than half reported being unaware of resources for psychoeducation. Non‐pharmacological interventions for TD and alpha agonists are unavailable in several countries. Consequently, antipsychotics are the first line treatment.

Conclusions

The ubiquity of TD diagnosis throughout Latin America is a positive aspect, however barriers like limited referral pathways, lack of awareness about tics and treatment options do exist. This highlights the need for more effective pathways for TD in Latin America.
Epigenetic Clock Analysis for National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale in Patients With Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Jiang Wenshan , Shirai Toshiyuki , Otsuka Ikuo , Okazaki Satoshi , Tanifuji Takaki , Horai Tadasu , Minami Haruka , Miyachi Masao , Okada Shohei , Hishimoto Akitoyo
Published: February 2025

Aim

Strokes are the second most common cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Ischemic strokes account for the main part of strokes. Recently, the epigenetic changes that occur during biological aging through DNA methylation have gained attention. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores measure physical and cognitive function. We hypothesized that there are associations between acute changes in the NIHSS score and biological aging in patients with ischemic stroke. We conducted epigenetic clock analyses to investigate the association between the difference in NIHSS (dNIHSS) and epigenetic clock in patients with ischemic stroke.

Methods

We used two publicly available DNA methylation data sets from Caucasian patients with ischemic stroke in Spain. The discovery data set consists of 59 patients with ischemic stroke, and the replication dataset consists of 62. Acceleration of several epigenetic clocks (HorvathAge, HannumAge, SkinBloodAge, PhenoAge, GrimAge, GrimAge2, DNA methylation‐based telomere length, and DunedinPACE), GrimAge components, and GrimAge2 components was analyzed with standard multiple regression analyses with dNIHSS. We obtained information on dNIHSS between discharge and baseline for each patient. We integrated these results from the two data sets using meta‐analyses.

Results

There was no significant association in the epigenetic age acceleration. The predictive value of only Cystatin C showed a significant association with dNIHSS in the GrimAge components.

Conclusions

We could not find a significant association between the severity during the acute phase of ischemic stroke and epigenetic clocks. We may be able to find different findings with a larger sample size and longitudinal data such as NIHSS scores at fixed intervals.
Reproductive Health Care Inequities by Disability Status: Experiences With Providers and Barriers to Care
Authors: Brace Margaret , Copel Linda , McKeever Amy , Smeltzer Suzanne C.
Published: February 2025

The literature has documented that many women with disability (WWD) report barriers to obtaining reproductive health care as well as poor experiences with providers when care is received. This project sought to compare barriers and experiences in reproductive health care for WWD to those of women without disability in the United States. Using representative data from the National Survey of Family Growth (2017–2019), we present weighted estimates of poor or fair experiences with providers by disability status, as well as weighted estimates of the proportion of women reporting types of barriers to services by disability status, among individuals identifying as women between the ages of 15 and 49. We then used weighted logistic regressions to compare barriers and experiences with providers by disability status. After controlling for potential confounders, women with any disability had 2.6 times higher odds as women without disability to rate their providers' respect for them as “poor” or “fair” (95% CI: 1.1–6.2). WWD did not significantly differ from women without disability in whether they reported more than one type of barrier (AOR = 1.3, 95% CI: 0.8–2.1), yet WWD had higher odds of reporting financial barriers compared to women without disability (AOR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.02–2.2). While access to reproductive health care and experience with providers needs to be improved for all, these findings suggest that targeted efforts are needed to eliminate inequities for WWD in the reproductive health care system.
Possibilistic Robot Localization Using Visual Landmarks
Authors: Könecke Tom , Ebel Henrik , Hanss Michael
Published: February 2025

This contribution introduces a novel camera‐based localization method for omnidirectional mobile robots using fisheye lenses to capture images of landmarks to estimate robot position and orientation. In this work, the landmarks are red poles that are indistinguishable from one another. Ambiguity is purposefully allowed for ease of installation. In order to face challenges like landmark detection ambiguity and noisy camera feeds, the proposed localization method employs possibility theory for robust state estimation, embracing the inherent uncertainties. This approach diverges from traditional precise localizations by considering a robust range of possible robot positions, presenting the opportunity of enhancing safety in applications such as collision avoidance. Early integration into a possibilistic filter algorithm shows promise for improving dynamic state estimation, marking an advancement in applying possibility theory to real‐world scenarios.
Strategies to Detect Chromosomal Anomalies Not Identified by NIPT
Authors: Scott Fergus , Han May Phoo , Gomes de Melo Tavares Ferreira Ana Elizabeth , Elhindi James , McLennan Andrew C.
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Genome‐wide non‐invasive prenatal testing (gwNIPT) has screening limitations for detectable chromosomal conditions and cannot detect microdeletions/microduplications (MD) or triploidy. Thickened nuchal translucency (NT) only detects around 10% of these cases.

Methods

A 4‐year retrospective study of singleton pregnancies undergoing first‐line gwNIPT screening with subsequent CVS or amniocentesis. All MD cases, with or without gwNIPT screening, were also analyzed.

Results

Among 919 pregnancies with gwNIPT and invasive testing, 338 had a single chromosomal abnormality, with 9 false negative gwNIPT results (2.9%) and 26 undetectable abnormalities (18 MD, 8 triploidy) (7.7%). Twelve cases had a dual chromosomal abnormality and 4 returned a low‐risk gwNIPT result. Only three (9%) of the “missed cases” had a large NT and two of these also had a structural abnormality. Approximately 90% of chromosomal anomalies missed by gwNIPT were detected by invasive prenatal testing indicated by one or more of the following: failed NIPT (9%), low PAPP‐A (12%), early growth restriction (37%) and structural anomalies at pre‐NIPT, 13‐ or 20‐week ultrasounds (51%).

Conclusion

Most chromosomal abnormalities missed or unable to be found by gwNIPT are detected due to growth restriction or structural anomalies, not an enlarged NT. Failed NIPT and low PAPP‐A concentrations contributed to detection.
Influence of Vent Area on Aluminized Explosive Behavior in Fast Cook‐off
Authors: Song Saichao , Han Zhiwei , Li Yaning , Li Jian , Wang Jingyan , Zhao Yunfei , He Guibiao , He Biao , Wang Boliang
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the effect of the venting ratio on the responding intensity of aluminized explosives using a fast cook‐off test vessel with adjustable venting areas. The venting ratio is defined as the ratio of vent area to explosives surface area, and is represented by the variable R. Using a polymer‐bonded explosive TB‐1 (RDX/Al/KP/Binder = 55/35/5/5) as the test subject, we recorded overpressure, reaction temperatures, heating times, and optical signals generated during the tests. The damage to the vessel and the residue of explosives were also analyzed. The recorded results indicated that heating time and reaction intensity exhibit similar patterns. As the R increased, both firstly decreased sharply and then increased gradually. The minimum values for both occur when R is 0.012. At this point, the ignition of the charge damages the explosive matrix, causing the aluminum powder to melt and accumulate at the sidewalls. This quickly compromised the vessel shell in these areas. Reducing the R‐value exacerbated the matrix damage, significantly speeding up the reaction to a high consumption rate. Enlarging the R‐value mitigated matrix damage, which was insufficient to concentrate the aluminum powder, resulting in longer heating times and a greater amount of explosive participating in the reaction. Reactions were classified as combustion based on shock wave overpressure, optical signal strength, and shell damage when the R‐value exceeded 0.012. The non‐monotonic relationship between the vent hole area and the intensity of the explosive reaction is crucial for the design of thermally insensitive munitions.
Data‐driven approach to weekly forecast of the western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande) population in a pepper greenhouse with an ensemble model
Authors: Chan Kin Ho , Moerkens Rob , Brenard Nathalie , Huysmans Marlies , Leirs Herwig , Sluydts Vincent
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

Integrated pest management (IPM) in European glasshouses has substantially advanced in automated insect pest detection systems lately. However, transforming such an enormous data influx into optimal biological control strategies remains challenging. In addition, most biological control forecast studies relied on the single‐best model approach, which is susceptible to overconfidence, and they lack validation over sufficient sampling repetitions where robustness remains questionable. Here we propose employing an unweighted ensemble model, by combining multiple forecasting models ranging from simple models (linear regressions and Lotka–Volterra model) to machine learning models (Gaussian process, Random Forest, XGBoost, Multi‐Layer Perceptron), to predict 1‐week‐ahead population of western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis), a notorious pest in glasshouses, under the influence of its biological control agent Macrolophus pygmaeus in pepper‐growing glasshouses.

RESULTS

Models were trained with only 1 year of data, validated over 3 years of monitoring of multiple compartments to evaluate their robustness. The full ensemble model outperformed the Naïve Forecast in 10 out of 14 compartments for validation, with around 0.451 and 26.6% increase in coefficient of determination (R2) and directional accuracy, respectively. It also extended 0.096 in R2 from the best single model, equivalent to a 27% increase in accuracy, while maintaining a 75% directional accuracy.

CONCLUSION

Our results demonstrated the benefits of the ensemble model over the traditional ‘single‐best model’ approach, avoiding model structural biases and minimizing the risk of overconfidence. This showcased how an ensemble model with minimal training data can assist growers in fully utilizing the pest monitoring data and support their decision‐making on IPM. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Disease–Drug–Drug Interaction of Imatinib in COVID‐19 ARDS: A Pooled Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis
Authors: Said Medhat M. , Schippers Job R. , Atmowihardjo Leila , Li Yingxue , van der Plas Mick S. , Bogaard Harm J. , Bos Lieuwe D. J. , Mathôt Ron A. A. , Aman Jurjan , Swart Eleonora L. , Bartelink Imke H.
Published: February 2025

Prior pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis revealed that increased alpha‐1‐acid glycoprotein (AAG) levels are associated with decreased imatinib unbound fraction in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients. This study aimed to investigate the PK of total and unbound concentrations of imatinib and the metabolite N‐desmethyl imatinib in hospitalized patients with different severities of COVID‐19, and to assess the impact of critical illness and the potential drug–drug interaction with IL‐6R inhibitors on imatinib exposure. Imatinib, N‐desmethyl imatinib, and AAG were quantified from collected plasma samples. The PK data was further combined with previous data from COVID‐19 patients and chronic myelogenous leukemia/gastrointestinal stromal tumor (CML/GIST) patients who received imatinib. A population PK analysis was conducted using a standard sequential approach. Unbound fraction in COVID‐19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and treated with IL‐6R inhibitors was significantly elevated compared to CML/GIST patients (4.66% vs. 3.54% [1.08%–8.51%]; p < 0.001), despite twofold increased AAG levels. Our findings on total and unbound concentration show that cotreatment with IL‐6R inhibitor can lead to changes in metabolism and protein binding, suggesting similar implications for other highly protein bound drugs. Consequently, total concentrations may not accurately reflect unbound target site concentrations.
Structural, Optical, Magnetic, Dielectric, and Ferroelectric Properties of BiFe1−xCoxO3 Nanoferrites
Authors: Sarkar Kakali , Kumar Hemant , Kumari Ritu , Kumar Vivek
Published: February 2025

The present study emphasizes the fabrication of nanostructured BiFe1−xCoxO3 (x = 0.03, 0.05) via a wet chemical route. X‐Ray diffraction confirms the hexagonal crystalline structure of the ferrite and an increase in crystallite size from 33 to 45 nm with a rise in x. The particle size, determined using high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, increases from 30 to 42 nm with higher cobalt content. The direct band gap is evaluated using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, showing a decrease from 2.47 to 2.35 eV. The prepared ferrites exhibit broad and strong room‐temperature photoluminescence, with emission wavelengths ranging from 418 to 595 nm, indicating near‐band emissions and oxygen vacancies. Physical property measurement system reveal a decrease in magnetic coercivity from 924 to ≈759 Oe as x increases. Unlike coercivity, an increase in saturation magnetization is found. An increase in the ferroelectric behavior of the prepared ferrites is observed, where both polarization and coercive field increase with cobalt substitution. Moderate magnetic coercivity and a broad P–E loop area suggest the use of these materials in permanent magnets and charge storage. Additionally, these materials may be employed to develop hydroelectric cells due to enhanced defect states, porous structures, and oxygen deficiencies.
Surface Integrity of NiTi Alloy by Femtosecond Laser Shock Peening
Authors: Yang Qibiao , Jiang Yuanlin , Zeng Qingdong , Cheng Jian , Chen Lie , Lou Deyuan , Li Qianliang , Liu Dun
Published: February 2025

Aerospace engines made of the NiTi alloy exhibit fatigue damage after a period of service, significantly impacting the reliability of aircraft engines. To address this issue, femtosecond laser surface strengthening treatment is applied to the NiTi alloy. The surface structure and mechanical properties of the laser‐treated NiTi alloy are observed using the white light interference, the Vickers microhardness tester, the X‐ray diffractometer, and the metallographic optical microscope. The results indicate that with the increase of the laser fluence, the surface roughness and microhardness initially increases and then decreases, and the regular ripple structure on the surface gradually disappears. The residual stress increases with the increase of the laser fluence, and it gradually decreases along the depth direction inside the material. The samples after laser shock processing, the X‐ray diffraction peaks exhibit varying degrees of broadening, attributed to the grain refinement and the increased microstress. Under the low‐energy laser‐induced shock waves and interaction with the NiTi alloy surface, plastic deformation and grain refinement occur in the surface layer of the specimen. Under the high‐energy laser irradiation, the laser shock wave becomes more intense, the grain grow abnormally after refinement and deformation.
Temperature‐Mediated Dielectric Relaxation and Charge Transfer Mechanism in Cs3Bi2I9 Single Crystals
Authors: Yadav Jitendra , Sharma Anil K. , Kumar Manvendra , Rajput Parasmani , Mathur Sanjay , Chaudhary Dhirendra K.
Published: February 2025

Lead‐free metal halide perovskite materials have received significant attention for optoelectronic devices due to their excellent properties and ecofriendly composition. Utilizing the inverse temperature crystallization technique, the Cs3Bi2I9 bismuth‐based ternary halide perovskite single crystals measuring ≈5 mm are successfully grown. This study investigates dielectric relaxation and conduction mechanism using temperature‐dependent impedance spectroscopy correlated with modulus spectroscopy across a frequency range (102–106 Hz) at temperatures ranging from 288 to 408 K. Negative temperature coefficient of resistance‐type characteristics and temperature‐dependent relaxation behavior in Cs3Bi2I9 lead‐free single crystals with an estimated activation energy of 30 ± 1 meV is observed. Furthermore, significant temperature‐dependent changes in dielectric properties, loss factor, electric modulus, and conductivity are observed and discussed. Notably, a pivotal transition of relaxation from non‐Debye type to Debye type with increasing temperature is observed.
Impact of Eccentricity on the Performance of Nanotube Phase‐Change Memory Devices
Authors: Singh Arvind Kumar , Durai Suresh , Raj Srinivasan , Manivannan Anbarasu
Published: February 2025

Phase‐change memory (PCM) has emerged as a promising nonvolatile memory candidate due to low power, high speed, and excellent scalability. However, imprecise fabrication processes make these nanoscale devices susceptible to process variation. The process variation can introduce deviations in the structural parameters and even lead to modification in the shape of cylindrical structures. In this aspect, eccentricity is the key parameter that quantifies the irregularity in the cylindrical‐based device structures. Herein, the eccentricity can significantly influence the thermal efficiency and RESET current (IRESET) of PCM devices. Hence, this study investigates the impact of eccentricity on the performance of low‐power nanotube PCM (NT‐PCM) devices using 3D TCAD simulations. The results reveal that eccentricity alters the NT‐PCM devices transitioning from circular to elliptical cross sections, strongly affecting the Ge2Sb2Te5/heater contact area and heat distribution. Among the three configurations (common eccentric [CE], confocal [CF], and concentric), CE and CF exhibit pronounced sensitivity, i.e., 83% increase in IRESET for CE and 75% increase in IRESET for CF configurations when eccentricity is 0.83. The results of this study suggest that eccentricity would play a crucial role in the modeling and simulation of the programming characteristics of cylindrical‐based PCM device architectures.
Control Charts for Overdispersed Count Data: Exploring the Poisson Chris‐Jerry Distribution in Agriculture and Medicine
Authors: Sindhu Tabassum Naz , Shafiq Anum , Atangana Abdon , Abushal Tahani A. , Alkhathami Alia A.
Published: February 2025

Statistical process control (SPC) is vital for overseeing processes and ensuring quality standards, with control charts being key tools in this process. As manufacturing systems and components become more complex, there is an increasing demand for control charts built on advanced statistical distributions. The Poisson‐based count chart is commonly used to monitor nonconformities in production, but its use depends on the assumption that the mean and variance of the data are equal. In many cases, particularly in fields such as biology and medicine, overdispersion occurs, where the variance surpasses the mean. In such cases, the Poisson Chris‐Jerry (PSNCJ) distribution offers a more suitable approach for modeling count data. This study explores the development and characteristics of the PSNCJ distribution and presents control charts specifically designed for datasets that conform to this model. Its effectiveness is evaluated through both simulations and real‐world applications. Moreover, the PSNCJ count chart is applied to datasets from agriculture and biology, demonstrating its practical significance in these fields. The results validate the utility and accuracy of the proposed control charts.
A Path Planning Algorithm for UAV 3D Surface Inspection Based on Normal Vector Filtering and Integrated Viewpoint Evaluation
Authors: Wang Yunlong , Wan Shaoke , Qiu Rongcan , Li Xiaohu
Published: February 2025

The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for three‐dimensional (3D) surface inspection has become an important tool in the field of large‐scale structure maintenance. However, the commonly used UAVs inspection path planning (IPP) algorithms for 3D surface suffer from problems, such as path quality‐dependent model accuracy, path inspection efficiency, and low inspection quality. To address these issues, this paper proposes a UAV 3D surface IPP algorithm based on normal vector filtering and integrated viewpoint evaluation (IVE). Generate a safe and effective set of viewpoints through uniform sampling and normal vector viewpoint filtering, and then use an IVE method combined with Monte Carlo tree search to select viewpoints, thereby generating a safe, efficient, and complete UAV surface inspection path. Simulation results show that the proposed method reduces path length by up to 72.5%, inspection time by up to 80.6%, planning time by up to 54.3%, and defective coverage ratio by up to 55.8% compared with existing algorithms. Real‐world experiments on the sail sculpture and the Terracotta Warrior sculpture further illustrate the efficiency of the algorithm, successfully collecting high‐quality surface data and validating its practical applicability for 3D structural inspections.
Efficacy of zinc fertilizers on potato performance in an acid alfisol
Authors: Baghla Devanshi , Butail Nagender Pal , Sharma Upinder , Thakur Praveen , Thakur Pratibha , Anjali  , Shukla Arvind Kumar , Sharma Munish , Kumar Praveen , Behera Sanjib K. , Kumar Pardeep
Published: February 2025

Zinc (Zn) has been recognized as the most deficient micronutrient globally, and its deficiency hinders numerous metabolic processes in plants. Irrespective of the Zn fertilizer sources, availability is very low. To test the hypothesis that chelated Zn products applied as foliar feeding would enhance the potato productivity and its uptake in a Zn‐deficient soil, a field experiment was conducted using three Zn sources (zinc sulfate [ZS], zinc metalosate [ZM], and zinc‐EDTA [ZE]) with graded foliar applications and evaluated against the conventional Zn fertilization method (basal application of 25 kg ZS ha−1). Application of Zn at 0.10% through ZM registered the highest tuber (14.4 t ha−1) and haulm yields (5.14 t ha−1), followed by soil Zn application at 25 kg ha−1 with corresponding values of 14.0 and 5.00 t ha−1, respectively. The highest total Zn uptake was also registered in ZM at 0.10% Zn (265 g ha−1), while the least was reported in the Zn‐devoid treatment (141 g ha−1), followed by ZE treatments. The partial factor productivity, agronomic efficiency, agro‐physiological efficiency, and apparent recovery efficiency were highest with 0.025% Zn supplied through ZM, with corresponding values ranging from 2.79 to 52.81, 0.41 to 5.16, 10.54 to 25.83, and 1.95 to 20.93 kg g−1. The most productive treatment (Zn at 0.10% through ZM) was, however, not found economically viable, with the highest cost of cultivation of $1650 ha−1 and the lowest benefit‐cost ratio (B:C) of 1.25. Soil application of Zn at 25 kg ha−1 was most profitable (1.53 B:C) and among foliar sources, ZS at 0.10% Zn stood out to be the most economical with a B:C of 1.48.
Efficient Removal of Aqueous Heavy Metal Cd2+ by Alanine Intercalation of MgAl–LDH: Adsorbent Preparation, Characterization, Adsorption Performance, and Mechanisms
Authors: Shi Dandan , Ren Yinmei , Wang Xingquan , Han Xing , Zhu Xiang , Xu Naicai
Published: February 2025

In this work, MgAl‐NO3‐LDH was prepared by co‐precipitation method, and the alanine intercalation of MgAl‐Ala‐LDH was prepared by roasting and recovery method. The structure, morphology and pore size of prepared materials were systematically characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, BET, XPS, TG‐DTG and FTIR. The (003) diffraction peak of MgAl‐Ala‐LDH shifted from 11.29° to 6.17° and the interlayer spacing of d(003) expanded from 0.79 nm to 1.33 nm, indicating that alanine was successfully inserted into the hydrotalcite interlayer. The effects of solution pH, initial concentration of Cd2+, time, temperature and quality of the adsorbent on Cd2+ adsorption performance were studied. The results indicate that when the pH value of CdCl2 solution is 5–6 and the temperature is 45℃, the Cd2+ adsorption capacity of MgAl‐NO3‐LDH and MgAl‐Ala‐LDH are 39.7 mg/g and 135.5 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption data conforms to the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic and Langmuir model, indicating that the adsorption process is monolayer adsorption and controlled by chemisorption. Thermodynamic investigations indicated that higher temperatures facilitated Cd2+ adsorption and strengthened the affinity with MgAl‐Ala‐LDH. The mechanisms of Cd2+ adsorption mainly include surface complexation, chelation and isomorphic substitution. MgAl‐Ala‐LDH may have a good application prospect in the removal of heavy metal ions.
Dual‐Functional High‐Entropy Polymer Exhibiting Giant Cross‐Energy Couplings at Low Fields
Authors: Rui Guanchun , Zhu Wenyi , Li Li , Lee Jongcheol , Guo Yiwen , Zou Qin , Wu Siyu , Li Ruipeng , Lannuzel Thierry , Domingues Dos Santos Fabrice , Aubart Mark A. , Kim Seong H. , Chen Long‐Qing , Zhu Lei , Liu Zi‐Kui , Zhang Q. M.
Published: February 2025

A key component of cooling devices is the transfer of entropy from the cold load to heat sink. An electrocaloric (EC) polymer capable of generating both large electrocaloric effect (ECE) and substantial electroactuation can enable EC cooling devices to pump heat without external mechanisms, resulting in compact designs and enhanced efficiency. However, achieving both high ECE and significant electroactuation remains challenging. Herein, it is demonstrated that poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene‐chlorofluoroethylene‐double bond) [P(VDF‐TrFE‐CFE‐DB)] tetrapolymers can simultaneously generate high electrocaloric effects and electroactuations under low fields. These P(VDF‐TrFE‐CFE‐DB) tetrapolymers are synthesized through the dehydrochlorination of P(VDF‐TrFE‐CFE) terpolymer. By facile tuning the composition of the initial terpolymer to avoid pure relaxor state, tetrapolymers with optimal DB compositions are achieved, near the critical endpoint of normal ferroelectric phase with diffused phase transition. The nearly vanishing energy barriers between the nonpolar to polar phases result in a strong electrocaloric response and significant electroactuation. Specifically, the P(VDF‐TrFE‐CFE‐DB) tetrapolymer exhibits an EC entropy change ΔS of 100 J kg−1 K−1 under 100 MV m−1: comparable to state‐of‐the‐art (SOA) EC polymers, while delivering nearly twice the electroactuation of the SOA EC polymers. This work presents a general strategy for developing EC materials that combine large electrocaloric effect and electroactuation at low electric fields.