bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influenţa jurisprudenţei europene
asupra dreptului penal naţional în domeniul corupţiei
Authors: VLĂDUŢ Carmen Lorena
Published: February 2025

The article analyzes the influence of European jurisprudence, especially that of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) on romanian criminal law in the field of corruption. The CJEU issued significant judgments that require the member states to harmonize the rules in the field of corruption and the application of effective and dissuasive sanctions for acts of corruption. Through notable cases such as „C‑105/14 Taricco and others”, the CJEU emphasized the need for adequate national legislation in the fight against corruption. Instruments such as the European Arrest Warrant (EA) and the „ne bis in idem” principle have been strengthened by CJEU rulings, facilitating judicial cooperation and the protection of fundamental rights. However, the effective implementation of these European standards presents challenges, requiring continuous collaboration. The jurisprudence of the CJEU has a profound impact on national criminal law, contributing significantly to the fight against corruption within the European Union.
Influenţa jurisprudenţei europene asupra cadrului autohton
al măsurilor preventive
Authors: TROFIN Bogdan , ADOCHIŢEI Alexandru-Cristian
Published: February 2025

In judicial practice, criminal preventive measures attract attention that could be used for better purposes, moving away from their complementary role in per se criminal proceedings and deepening the sensitive border crack between private and societal interests. The current Code of Criminal Proceedure establish a series of criteria that must be observed by the judge, criteria developed over a decade of national jurisprudence and augmented by the supervision of the Council of Europe and European Union judicial institutions. The study hereby analyzes these criteria and follows up with a few reasonable conclusions, observing the balance between the fracture of contemporary jus puniendi: individual freedom and public security. The risk of automatic judicial sentencing regarding preventive measures is a concrete and current phenomenon exposing Romania to breaches of conventional rights. Obviously, these conclusions can be challenged using the same reasoning applied to judicial rulings: subjectivity, discretionary power and unpredictibility.
Harnessing Renewable Energy for Sustainable Building Cooling Systems
Authors: Bawa John Agmada , Ukaa-Ikuan Abraham , Gimba Shuaibu
Published: February 2025

The integration of renewable energy technologies into building cooling systems has become a critical component in advancing sustainability and reducing reliance on traditional energy sources. This case study explores the role of renewable energy, specifically solar cooling, geothermal cooling, and wind-assisted ventilation, in enhancing the performance and efficiency of building cooling systems. By analyzing real-world examples where these technologies have been successfully implemented, this study evaluates their technical feasibility, economic viability, and environmental impact. Through an in-depth examination of selected projects, the research highlights how the integration of renewable energy not only reduces carbon emissions but also enhances energy independence across various architectural environments. The cases explored provide valuable insights into the design, operation, and long-term maintenance of these systems, shedding light on the challenges encountered and best practices adopted during implementation. This study aims to equip architects, engineers, and energy managers with practical knowledge that can guide the adoption of renewable-based cooling solutions in modern building designs. Ultimately, the findings underscore the critical role of renewable energy-driven cooling systems in achieving net-zero energy goals and advancing green architecture.
Consumer Readiness on the Sustainable Practices of Green Technology in Fast Food Restaurant
Authors: Sher Mohamad Mohamad Alif Akmar , Shahril Zurena@Rena
Published: February 2025

This research delves into the dynamics of consumer readiness to adopt sustainable green technologies in the fast-food industry, a sector noted for its significant environmental impact due to rapid expansion and global reach. The study specifically examines how various factors of consumer readiness, such as role clarity, skill availability, and motivational drivers, influence their willingness to support and participate in sustainable practices. To comprehensively assess these relationships, the research utilizes a detailed survey targeting a broad demographic spectrum of fast-food consumers. The survey questions are designed to gauge participants’ understanding of their roles in sustainable practices, their skills and knowledge relevant to these practices, and their intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. Intrinsic motivations include personal values and environmental concerns, whereas extrinsic motivations encompass social influence and perceived benefits, such as cost savings or social approval. The findings from this study indicate a strong correlation between well-defined role clarity, sufficient skills, and high motivational levels with increased consumer readiness for engaging in green initiatives. Specifically, consumers who perceive a clear long-term impact and benefit from sustainable practices show greater willingness to adopt such practices. Moreover, the research suggests that effective educational programs that enhance consumers’ knowledge and skills, combined with motivational strategies that address both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, can significantly advance the adoption of green technologies in the fast-food industry. These insights are crucial for policymakers and business leaders who aim to foster a more sustainable future, emphasizing the need for strategic consumer engagement and targeted educational efforts to drive substantial environmental improvements in this high-impact sector.
A Study of Teachers’ Perceptions on Economic Factors Influencing Boys’ Dropout in Secondary Schools in Kericho County, Kenya
Authors: Koech Evaline Chelangat , Momanyi John Motari
Published: February 2025

School dropout is a major hindrance in attaining the goals of education in Kenya. Following the implementation of Free Primary Education (FPE) and Free Day Secondary Education (FDSE) by the Kenyan government, several report reveal more boys drop out of school than girls. Boy-child school dropouts is a concern, not only in Kenya but also in the world over. Numerous researches have been conducted in various regions of Kenya; however, few have specifically examined the factors contributing to the escalating rate of male students dropping out of secondary schools, specifically in Kericho County. The objective of this study was to examine the perceptions of teachers regarding economic factors that contribute to the dropout rates of male students in public mixed-day secondary schools in Kericho County. The study aimed to find out the perceptions of teachers regarding the impact of economic factors on the dropout rates of boys from school. A descriptive research design was adopted. The research was conducted under the framework of Gibson’s Theory of Direct Perception. The multistage sampling technique was used, where 121 schools were sampled to participate. The sample size was based on the Krejcie and Morgan sample size determination table. A purposive sampling technique was employed to select a total of 136 form four class teachers. Piloting of the instrument was conducted to determine its reliability using the Spearman-Brown prophecy formula. The validity of the instrument was determined with respect to the established objectives. Data collection involved the use of questionnaire for the teachers. Quantitative data was analysed using the Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS) software version 27. The findings of the study revealed that economic factors such as low parental income, high cost of remedial teaching, and high cost of transportation to and from school (F = 2.689, p < .05), had a significant impact on the dropout rates of boys. The results of the regression analysis indicated that economic factors were found to contribute 22.4% (R2 = .224) to the drop-out rate among boys. Male individuals who drop out of school may potentially involve themselves in crimes, thereby posing a significant risk to the welfare of the community. The findings hold substantial importance for educators, parents, and students, as they shed light on the determinants impacting male students’ educational persistence.
Buyer-Supplier Relationship and World Class Manufacturing as Correlates of Supply Chain Performance: A Literature Review
Authors: Sy, Jr. Melecio A.
Published: February 2025

This literature review explores the critical roles of Buyer-Supplier Relationships (BSR) and World-Class Manufacturing (WCM) in enhancing supply chain efficiency. BSR is the collaborative relationship between buyers and suppliers and is shown to improve supply chain performance by fostering trust, commitment, and effective communication. Key elements such as relationship continuity, power-sharing, and strategic supply management enable organizations to streamline their sourcing processes, reduce costs, and drive innovation. On the other hand, WCM focuses on process excellence, including practices like lean manufacturing, Six Sigma, and Total Quality Management (TQM), which optimize production, reduce waste, and improve product quality. The integration of these two frameworks provides a comprehensive approach to supply chain management, ensuring flexibility, resilience, and long-term sustainability. This review highlights the significant contributions of both BSR and WCM in industries such as automotive, electronics, and consumer goods, where their synergy leads to competitive advantage and improved supply chain performance. Furthermore, it identifies gaps in current research and offers opportunities for future studies to explore the deeper integration of these practices to drive further advancements in supply chain resilience and innovation.
Determining Factors that Cause Seminarians Not to Pursue Life in the Seminary
Authors: Gerardo Chrispin A. , Villaruel Chez Lorenz I. , Rosales Leonor S.
Published: February 2025

The study focuses on factors that cause seminarians of not pursuing life in the seminary. The research objectives are to identify the following: (1) The Challenges faced by former seminarians during seminary years, (2) the reasons why former seminarians go out of the seminary, and (3) the values that the seminary has instilled in them, even in their journey outside the seminary.

The study utilized the descriptive method as a qualitative research design, which utilizes a method that describes the characteristics of the population or phenomenon studied. This type of research provides a detailed and accurate picture of the characteristics and behaviors of a population or subject, which allowed the researchers to better determine the approaches used by the former seminarians to overcome the challenges faced while in formation in the seminary.

The researchers interviewed five (5) respondents, all former students and graduates from St. Pius X Seminary, Roxas, Capiz, and Sto. Niño Seminary, Numancia, Aklan.

The results of the study uncovered that the former seminarians faced spiritual, academic, and personal challenges. The result of the study discovered that seminarians desired to receive higher education outside the seminary and realized they needed other paths for personal growth and fulfillment. The study showed that despite not pursuing the seminary life, former seminarians recognize the vital role of prayer and values instilled by the seminary in their lives outside.
Mathematical Approaches to Strategic Resource Allocation in Crisis Management
Authors: Akpalu Robert
Published: February 2025

Crises, such as pandemics and natural disasters, demand efficient resource allocation, yet traditional methods often result in inefficiencies, delays, and inequities. This study explores mathematical approaches, including optimization models and scenario planning, to address these challenges in crisis management. Through a systematic review of recent peer-reviewed literature, key findings reveal the ability of linear programming, game theory, and scenario-based models to enhance efficiency, equity, and scalability. Integration with digital tools, such as IoT and real-time analytics, further strengthens decision-making. However, challenges like computational complexity and organizational inertia limit widespread adoption. This study contributes theoretical insights, policy recommendations, and actionable strategies, while outlining future research needs in hybrid modeling and socio-political analysis.
Transition Experiences of Filipino Licensed Professionals from Non-Academic Practice to Academic Practice in the Eastern Province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Abdulcader Amerah Bama , Bantugan Brian
Published: February 2025

The study examined the experiences of Filipino licensed professionals transitioning from non-academic to academic roles in Saudi Arabia’s Eastern Province, focusing on the reasons for their move, challenges faced, cultural aspects, satisfaction with their new positions, and intentions within the educational sphere. This study examined the transition of Filipino professionals to teaching roles in Saudi Arabia, using interpretivism and phenomenology to explore their lived experiences. Interpretivism helps understand their cultural and professional shifts, while phenomenology uncovers how they perceive their identity transformation. The research, based on in-depth interviews, highlights challenges like cultural adaptation and acculturation. Nine participants with diverse backgrounds were purposively selected for their insights. Ethical considerations, such as informed consent and confidentiality, were integral to the study. The findings offer valuable perspectives on the career transition process, providing insights into the emotional and transformative journey of Filipino teachers in Saudi Arabia’s academic setting.
The Impact of Critical Factors on the Adoption of Green Building Technologies in Sri Lanka
Authors: Thangaraj Kirubashalini , D.M.T.D Dissanayake
Published: February 2025

At present, the building and construction industries have become crucial due to the growing challenges of climate change, natural disasters, and socio-economic uncertainties worldwide. Green building technologies are one of the most effective solutions, promoting sustainable development in the environment, economy, and society within the construction industry. To effectively adopt green building technologies, it is crucial to identify and explore the key critical factors that influence successful implementation. This paper aims to explore the adoption of Green Building Technologies, focusing on the perspectives of specialists in the construction industry. While global implementation has shown success in the adoption of green building technologies within the construction industry, their application in developing countries, particularly in Sri Lanka, remains limited. In this study, a quantitative review was conducted, focusing on key factors derived from the Theory of Planned Behaviour. The current research is completely focused on the stakeholders’ adoption behavior and solely uses descriptive statistical analysis to find out the critical factors influencing the application of Green Building Technologies. Findings revealed the strategies for overcoming barriers and enhancing the uptake of sustainable building practices in Sri Lanka, ultimately contributing to the environmental and economic development goals of the country. The article provides professionals and other industry stakeholders useful insights about the foreseeable future of the country’s construction sector.
Factors Affecting Online Purchase Behavior of Generation Z and Millennials
Authors: Noh Nurul Afiqah binti Mohd , Azlan Nuralina binti
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the variables affecting Malaysian Generation Z and Millennials’ online buying habits. Using a theoretical framework, the study looks at important factors such brand orientation, quality orientation, online trust, impulse purchase orientation, and online purchasing experience. Convenience sampling was used to choose a sample from the target demographic as part of a survey-based approach. Multiple linear regression and descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data, guaranteeing adherence to important statistical presumptions including residual normality, independence, and linearity. The findings show that all five characteristics have a considerable impact on online purchasing behaviour, with trust and online purchase experience having the biggest effects. The results highlight how crucial it is to modify e-commerce tactics to suit the tastes of these technologically advanced generations. Businesses may maintain competitiveness in the quickly changing digital marketplace by addressing these aspects and improving customer engagement, loyalty, and satisfaction.
POLÍTICAS DE EDUCAÇÃO INCLUSIVA NO SISTEMA NACIONAL DE EDUCAÇÃO MOÇAMBICANO
Authors: Zuze Matias Nhamaguiraze , Tomo Cristina Daniel Matere
Published: February 2025

A educação inclusiva é um tema objecto de muitas pesquisas e bastante discutido em eventos científicos, na academia e em outros fóruns para além de constituir agenda de governação dos Estados e o quarto Objectivo de Desenvolvimento Sustentável da Agenda 2030 da Organização das Nações Unidas. A realização da pesquisa justifica-se pela necessidade de compreender as políticas de educação inclusiva vigentes no Sistema Nacional de Educação em Moçambique a partir dos documentos legais nacionais e protocolos internacionais de promoção de educação para todos de que Moçambique é signatário. Ademais, em Moçambique a educação é um direito e dever fundamental de todos os cidadãos consagrado na Constituição. É objectivo da pesquisa discutir as políticas de educação inclusiva em Moçambique. O estudo adopta uma pesquisa bibliográfica que consiste na análise de documentos nacionais e internacionais relativos à Educação Inclusiva.
Estimation of sST2 and CXCR3 levels in serum of patients with chronic and acute pyelonephritis caused by E. coli
Authors: Dhafer Rahman Abed Aljanabi
Published: February 2025

Background: Pyelonephritis is a serious and widespread infection of the kidneys, commonly caused by Gram negative bacteria.This study aims to evaluate the immunomodulatory roles of sST2 and CXCR3 in the blood serum of patients suffering from acute and chronic pyelonephritis. Objectives: The main objectives of this study were to: Investigate the serum levels of sST2 and CXCR3 in patients with acute and chronic pyelonephritis. Compare the levels of these biomarkers between pyelonephritis patients and healthy controls. Determine the potential of sST2 and CXCR3 as diagnostic indicators for pyelonephritis.
Importance of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP)
Authors: Bin Sazali Mohd Fazeli
Published: February 2025

Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) is one of the essential public health interventions to ensure food safety and quality. Industries' role in adhering to the requirements assures the consumers, which subsequently helps protect public health and the economy. Increasing awareness of the importance of the HACCP is vital to ensure adherence to the HACCP standards. Therefore, this article aims to describe the importance of HACCP. Infectious agent ability; host vulnerability; public awareness; behaviour; methodological advancement; environmental contamination; urbanization and industrialization; and the impact of globalization are among the importance of the HACCP. Adherence to HACCP is indispensable and should be adopted by every level of the food industry to enhance the food safety and quality for the public
Factors Related to Air Pollution and Impacts on Respiratory Health in Malaysia
Authors: Anwar Zainib Amirah , Jaafar Safirah Jaan , Ramdzan Abdul Rahman
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Air pollution is a major public health risk, especially for respiratory diseases. Urban and industrial areas in Malaysia often have high pollutant levels, increasing respiratory health issues. This scoping review assesses existing literature on factors related to air quality and respiratory diseases in Malaysia.
Objective: This review maps research on factors related to air pollution and respiratory diseases in Malaysia, noting regional air quality variations and identifying areas needing more research.
Methods: We systematically searched databases like ScienceDirect, Scopus, ProQuest, and Google Scholar for studies published from 2019 to 2024 on air quality trends and respiratory diseases in Malaysia. Data extracted included study design, location, pollutant types, weather parameters, respiratory outcomes, and main findings, synthesized using a descriptive-analytical method.
Results: Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria. They found significant links between high levels of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, and O3 and increased asthma, bronchitis, and COPD. The Klang Valley, Johor Bahru, and Penang had poor air quality. Air pollution adversely affected respiratory health nationwide. There is a lack of research on rural and remote areas, especially in East Malaysia, and on long-term health impacts.
Conclusion: The review highlights the need for better air quality monitoring and stricter regulations in Malaysia to reduce health impacts. Future research should focus on underrepresented regions and long-term pollution effects, emphasizing comprehensive air quality management to protect public health.
Wie lässt sich dem Energiehunger begegnen?
Authors:   Thomas Schov
Published: February 2025

Zeitenwende in Aussicht: Die Energieversorgungder deutschen Industrie steht vor einemfundamentalen Wandel. Dabei reichen dieHerausforderungen von der Sicherstellung einerstabilen Versorgung über die Reduzierungvon Emissionen bis hin zur Modernisierungder Infrastruktur. Wie kann es gelingen, dieEnergieversorgung langfristig zu sichern undgleichzeitig die Klimaziele zu erreichen?
"Wir haben eine erfolgreiche Transformation durchlaufen."
Authors:   Winfried Bauer
Published: February 2025

„Die Zukunft ist nicht etwas, worauf man wartet,sondern etwas, das man schafft“, sagte PeterDrucker* einmal. Die Demag Cranes &Components GmbH, Wetter/Ruhr, lebt diesenLeitgedanken. Im Interview hat uns KlausHoffmann (l. im Bild), Geschäftsführer vonDemag Cranes & Components und VicePresident von Demag Distribution, einen Einblickin die aktuelle Lage des Unternehmens und dieZukunftspläne gegeben. Dabei hat er nicht nurdie Umstrukturierungsmaßnahmen im WerkWetter vorgestellt, sondern auch einen Ausblickauf die neuesten Produktinnovationen gegeben.
The relationship between isolated head trauma during pregnancy and preterm birth
Authors: Esercan Alev , Şahin Yusuf
Published: February 2025

Aims: Traumatic brain injury is classified into three types. Blunt head trauma is the most common type. Studies found that
after trauma high cortisol levels could cause preterm birth. In the literature, there was no study with isolated head trauma and preterm birth prediction. Our study aims to predict preterm birth in pregnancies with isolated head trauma.
Methods: In this prospective study, pregnant patients who applied to the emergency department of Şanlıurfa Training and
Research Hospital with isolated head trauma between January 2018 and January 2024 were included in the study and followed up until the time of pregnancy termination (birth). All of the pregnant women with isolated head trauma (closed blunt trauma) over 18 years of age, and whose birth records are available in our hospital were included in the study. Their medical records and prognosis after blunt head trauma were followed up until birth.
Results: Out of a total of 2580 patients, 30 patients and 60 control group patients who experienced isolated head trauma during pregnancy were included. The initial mean gestational age of the patients included in the study was 26.43±6.53 in the trauma group and 24.32±6.09 gestational weeks in the control group. There was no statistical difference between groups according to the gestational age (p:0.13). Preterm birth was defined as birth before 37 gestational weeks. In the trauma group, 12 (40%) and 23 patients in the control group (38.3%) gave birth as preterm birth. No statistical difference was found (p:0.87) between the groups according to the preterm birth.
Conclusion: In mild head trauma, as all of the patient’s Glasgow Coma Scale was 15, there was no risk increase in preterm birth. Studies with severe head trauma in pregnancy may be needed.
Novel markers for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease monitoring: Glasgow Prognostic Score and Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio
Authors: Acun Pınar Merve , Öztürk Önder , Bircan Hacı Ahmet
Published: February 2025

Aims: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a common, preventable, and treatable disease characterized by persistent airflow limitation, frequent exacerbations, and respiratory symptoms. In this study, the usability of Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS) as markers to determine exacerbation patients, exacerbation severity and length of hospital stay in COPD patients was investigated.
Methods: 56 patients hospitalized for COPD exacerbation and 17 stable COPD patients evaluated in the outpatient clinic were included in the study. NLR and GPS were calculated for all patients. The relationship between NLR and GPS with the duration of hospitalization due to COPD exacerbation and the severity of exacerbation and the relationship between NLR with stable COPD patients and exacerbation patients were examined.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 64.9 years, and the mean cigarette consumption was 40.8 packs/year. The patients’ mean FEV1, FVC, and FEV1 / FVC values were 46.2±21.6%, 67.6±26.4%, and 53.7±14.1%, respectively. NLR and GPS were determined to be statistically different between exacerbation patients and stable patients, and as the severity of exacerbation increased, the average NLR level increased significantly. When the relationship between NLR and GPS levels with the length of hospitalization was examined, a statistically significant relationship was found between both parameters with the length of stay.
Conclusion: It is thought that NLR and GPS levels can be used as an essential parameter in differentiating stable and exacerbation patients in COPD, determining the severity of exacerbation, and predicting hospitalization durations due to exacerbation.
Adenocarcinoma of the lung mimicking interstitial lung disease
Authors: Duygulu Serra , Yılmaz Demirci Nilgün , Çelik Ali , Türktaş Haluk
Published: February 2025

Although benign reactive conditions can be misinterpreted as malignancies, a number of malignant lesions can in turn be mistaken for interstitial lung disease. A nonsmoking male aged 66 years who presented with multifocal dispersed, parenchymal and subpleural nodules, most of them cavitated or pseudocavitated, and that radiologically mimicked non-malignant conditions, such as pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis or peribronchiolar organising pneumonia with bronchiectasis on computed tomography scan, was hospitalised. Microbiological and immunological tests were negative. Since sufficient tissue could not be obtained via bronchoscopy, the patient was scheduled for video-assisted thoracic surgery. The final diagnosis revealed invasive adenocarcinoma with a predominant lepidic pattern.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome developed during tuberculosis treatment: a case report
Authors: Özilice Özden , Çelik Deniz
Published: February 2025

The aim of this study is to present the clinical effects and management of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, which developed during the fourth month of anti-tuberculosis treatment, specifically during the second month of maintenance treatment with Isoniazid and Rifampicin. This case report describes a 50-year-old male patient who developed Stevens-Johnson Syndrome while undergoing tuberculosis treatment. The patient was treated with a combination of Isoniazid and Rifampicin. The clinical features, treatment adjustments, and patient outcomes are detailed. Stevens-Johnson Syndrome developed in the fourth month of treatment, manifesting as widespread bullous erythematous lesions on the hands and feet, covering less than 10% of the body surface area. After discontinuing anti-tuberculosis treatment, the lesions improved within two days. When treatment with Isoniazid and Rifampicin was resumed after a 15-day drug-free period, lesions reappeared within three days, confirming the association of the syndrome with Rifampicin. The treatment regimen was subsequently changed to Moxifloxacin and Ethambutol, resulting in complete resolution of the lesions within two days. Rifampicin-induced Stevens-Johnson Syndrome requires prompt recognition and discontinuation of the causative drug. Healthcare providers, particularly in primary care settings, should be vigilant for cutaneous adverse reactions to anti-tuberculosis medications to ensure timely intervention and management. Further retrospective studies are needed to better understand the incidence and management of these reactions.
Comparative Evaluation of the Physicochemical and Sensory Assessment of Selected Plant Milks
Authors: Clara Nneka Okoroafor , Nnaemeka Nwachukwu Chijioke , Godswill Kodili Elemuo , Ezinne Prisca Obinwa , Onoriode Odehowho Salomi , Immaculata Nwakanma Chidiebere
Published: February 2025

Soybeans, coconuts, tiger nuts and groundnuts were processed into natural fresh milk respectively. These milk samples were evaluated for their physicochemical and sensory qualities and for possible consumption as milk. Significant difference (p< 0.05) existed in sensory scores of texture, flavour, taste and general acceptability but there was no significant (p> 0.05) difference in appearance; although all the samples were generally accepted in terms of sensory quality. It was concluded that milk from coconut, groundnut, soymilk and tiger-nut be encouraged due to the high nutrient contents. It was also observed that tiger nut milk without sugar can be used by diabetic patients judging by their low carbohydrate content. The results from sensory evaluation revealed that the consumer acceptability of the plant milk samples varied based on the opinion of the panelists with soymilk and tiger nut milk recording the highest level of acceptability while groundnut milk recorded the lowest score for most of the parameters analyzed. These observations further support most of the earlier revelations on milk analogue from vegetable source as means of alleviating malnutrition in most developing countries such as Nigeria. It was observed that tiger nut milk without sugar can be used by diabetic patients judging by their low carbohydrate content.
IMPLEMENTATION OF KOKURIKULER LEARNING IN THE INDEPENDENT CURRICULUM AT THE DRIVING SCHOOL OF SMA NEGERI 2 BATU CITY
Authors: Rofiq Ahmad Ainur , Z Riza Arif M , Ikhwan Ari Afiful , Ali M. Makhrus
Published: February 2025

Kokurikuler learning is a learning activity in the independent curriculum, this learning is carried out with an interdisciplinary learning strategy, namely by combining several knowledge groups in a learning project. The aim of this kokurikuler learning activity is to develop the potential of students, therefore this learning activity is carried out through the Strengthening Pancasila Student Profile Project activity. This research was carried out at SMA Negeri 2 Batu City driving school using a qualitative approach, this type of research is a case study. This research aims to understand the procedures for implementing co-curricular learning at SMA Negeri 2 Batu City which includes aspects of planning, implementation and evaluation of co-curricular learning. The results of this research are 6 stages in learning planning and are carried out with interdisciplinary learning, assessment and formative assessments are carried out to see the extent of students' development, this assessment is carried out with the facilitation team having provided a rubric called the observation rubric.
PENGARUH KURIKULUM MERDEKA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN: SEBUAH KAJIAN LITERATUR
Authors: Hadi A. Ikhlas Muhtar , Pahrudin Agus , Jatmiko Agus , Koderi Koderi
Published: February 2025

The aim of this research is to analyze and find out the general picture of the influence of the independent curriculum on learning. The research method used in this research is a literature review, where this method is research that uses secondary data sources. Based data was obtained using the help of the Publish or Perish reference search tool with the keyword "the influence of the independent curriculum on learning" on Google Scholar with a maximum number of results of 100 and then obtained 26 articles with high cites, 3 articles and 4 articles cited so there were 7 articles. which can be used as a data source and can be analyzed. The research results show the importance of the role of learning media and the application of modern learning models in the Independent Curriculum in the era of globalization and Industry 4.0. Technology that continues to develop has a big influence in the world of education, making learning media an effective means of delivering material. The Independent Curriculum gives schools, teachers and students the freedom to adapt learning models according to individual needs and characteristics so that they are able to adapt to current developments.
ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dan mengetahui gambaran umum dari pengaruh kurikulum merdeka dalam pembelajaran. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah literatur review dimana metode ini merupakan penelitian yang menggunakan sumber data sekunder. Data based diperoleh dengan menggunakan bantuan alat pencarian referensi Publish or Perish dengan kata kunci “pengaruh kurikulum merdeka dalam pembelajaran” pada Google Scholar dengan maximum nubmer of result 100 dan kemudian diperoleh 26 artikel dengan high cites 3 artikel dan 4 artikel yang disitasi sehingga terdapat 7 artikel yang dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber data dan dapat dianalisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pentingnya peran media pembelajaran dan penerapan model pembelajaran modern dalam Kurikulum Merdeka di era globalisasi dan Industri 4.0. Teknologi yang terus berkembang memberikan pengaruh besar dalam dunia pendidikan, menjadikan media pembelajaran sebagai sarana yang efektif dalam menyampaikan materi. Kurikulum Merdeka memberikan kebebasan kepada sekolah, guru, dan siswa untuk menyesuaikan model pembelajaran sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan karakteristik individu sehingga mampu beradaptasi dengan perkembangan zaman.
Reviews and syntheses: Variable inundation across Earth's terrestrial ecosystems
Authors: Stegen James , Burgin Amy J. , Busch Michelle H. , Fisher Joshua B. , Ladau Joshua , Abrahamson Jenna , Kinsman-Costello Lauren , Li Li , Chen Xingyuan , Datry Thibault , McDowell Nate , Tatariw Corianne , Braswell Anna , Deines Jillian M. , Guimond Julia A. , Regier Peter , Rod Kenton , Bam Edward K. P. , Fluet-Chouinard Etienne , Forbrich Inke , Jaeger Kristin L. , O'Meara Teri , Scheibe Tim , Seybold Erin , Sweetman Jon N. , Zheng Jianqiu , Allen Daniel C. , Herndon Elizabeth , Middleton Beth A. , Painter Scott , Roche Kevin , Scamardo Julianne , Vander Vorste Ross , Boye Kristin , Wohl Ellen , Zimmer Margaret , Hondula Kelly , Laan Maggi , Marshall Anna , Patel Kaizad F.
Published: February 2025

Abstract. The structure, function, and dynamics of Earth's terrestrial ecosystems are profoundly influenced by how often (frequency) and how long (duration) they are inundated with water. A diverse array of natural and human-engineered systems experience temporally variable inundation whereby they fluctuate between inundated and non-inundated states. Variable inundation spans extreme events to predictable sub-daily cycles. Variably inundated ecosystems (VIEs) include hillslopes, non-perennial streams, wetlands, floodplains, temporary ponds, tidal systems, storm-impacted coastal zones, and human-engineered systems. VIEs are diverse in terms of inundation regimes, water chemistry and flow velocity, soil and sediment properties, vegetation, and many other properties. The spatial and temporal scales of variable inundation are vast, ranging from sub-meter to whole landscapes and from sub-hourly to multi-decadal. The broad range of system types and scales makes it challenging to predict the hydrology, biogeochemistry, ecology, and physical evolution of VIEs. Despite all experiencing the loss and gain of an overlying water column, VIEs are rarely considered together in conceptual, theoretical, modeling, or measurement frameworks and approaches. Studying VIEs together has the potential to generate mechanistic understanding that is transferable across a much broader range of environmental conditions, relative to knowledge generated by studying any one VIE type. We postulate that enhanced transferability will be important for predicting changes in VIE function in response to global change. Here we aim to catalyze cross-VIE science that studies drivers and impacts of variable inundation across Earth's VIEs. To this end, we complement expert mini-reviews of eight major VIE systems with overviews of VIE-relevant methods and challenges associated with scale. We conclude with perspectives on how cross-VIE science can derive transferable understanding via unifying conceptual models in which the impacts of variable inundation are studied across multi-dimensional environmental space.
ITS_LIVE global glacier velocity data in near real time
Authors: Gardner Alex S. , Greene Chad A. , Kennedy Joseph H. , Fahnestock Mark A. , Liukis Maria , López Luis A. , Lei Yang , Scambos Ted A. , Dehecq Amaury
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Glaciers and ice sheets cover some 15 million square kilometres of the Earth’s surface, shaping continental landscapes and modifying climate on a global scale. Recent decades of atmospheric and oceanic warming have induced rapid glacier loss worldwide that has caused sea level rise, flooding, changes to Earth’s overall energy balance and changes in water resources. Accounting for the total impact of glacier change requires observations on a global scale, and planning for future change will require improved understanding of the physical controls that govern glacier change. One key factor that dictates glacier and ice sheet loss is changes in rates of ice flow, the physics of which remain poorly constrained. Our physical understanding of ice flow can be advanced with high resolution monitoring of glacier flow, in near real time. Automated tracking of glacier flow from space became possible with the launch of Landsat 4 in 1982. Since then, an increasing number of optical and radar satellite sensors have now provided a full decade of year-round, global data coverage. This recent plethora of data has introduced new challenges for efficiently processing such large and myriad data streams, in a standardized manner, with low latency. Here we present the NASA MEaSUREs Inter-mission Time Series of Land Ice Velocity and Elevation (ITS_LIVE) global glacier velocity dataset, which is freely available to the public and is currently on major release version 2.0. ITS_LIVE has computed surface velocities using every, excluding those with high cloud cover, available image from Landsat 4 through 9 and Sentinel 1 & 2, creating a global glacier velocity record of over 36 million image pairs dating back to 1982. The ITS_LIVE processing chain automatically performs feature tracking on more than 20,000 image pairs per day, within minutes of image availability, and will soon include data from Sentinel 1C and NISAR satellites. This paper describes the ITS_LIVE processing chain and provides guidance for working with the cloud-optimized velocity data it produces. All ITS_LIVE velocity data can now be accessed freely, without login credentials or any other barriers, through https://its-live.jpl.nasa.gov/.
Comparative Evaluation of Boundary Layer Height Estimation Using Multi-Source Observations and WRF Simulations under Complex Topography
Authors: Zhong Jinhua , Su Debin , Zheng Zijun , Xu Yunong , Kong Wenyu , Fang Peng , Mo Fang
Published: February 2025

Abstract. The planetary boundary layer (PBL) height determines the vertical scale of transport and mixing, making it a critical parameter in air pollution studies, weather forecasting, climate modelling, and many other applications. However, the accuracy of boundary layer height (BLH) representation by models in complex terrain conditions still requires further in-depth research. To address this critical scientific issue, the present study investigates the BLH from various simultaneous observations of multi-remote sensing instruments radiosonde (RS), wind profiler radar (WPR), and microwave radiometer (MWR) and six PBL parameterization schemes (Asymmetrical Convective Model version 2 (ACM2), Yonsei University (YSU), Mellor-Yamada-Janjic (MYJ), Mellor-Yamada-Nakanishi-Niino Level 2.5 (MYNN2), Mellor-Yamada-Nakanishi-Niino 3 (MYNN3) and Bougeault-Lacarrère (BouLac)) within the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model from the Liangshan Prefecture (LSP) region during complex mountainous conditions. The findings are as follows: (1) The continuous wavelet transform (CWT) method is suitable for retrieving daytime convective boundary layer height (CBLH) in complex terrain, although aerosol layers interfere with the retrievals, and results from traditional threshold methods using MWR closely simulate the diurnal variation of BLH in the LSP. (2) WRF model simulates potential temperature and mixing ratio (𝜃 and R) profiles well, but shows discrepancies in wind speed simulation, particularly in capturing the weak near-surface inversion layer, leading to biases in BLH estimation. (3) Among the various PBL schemes, ACM2 and MYNN3 perform best in simulating BLH, with ACM2 recommended for convective conditions and MYNN3 for stable boundary layers, while YSU and MYJ consistently underestimate BLH. (4) The daytime atmosphere in mountainous regions typically exhibits a multi-layered structure, with mountain-induced exchange processes transporting high-suspended aerosol layers, causing discrepancies between thermodynamic-determined CBLH and actual BLH. In valleys and urban areas where BLH is higher than in the surrounding mountains.
The atmospheric settling of commercially sold microplastics
Authors: Reininger Alina Sylvia Waltraud , Tatsii Daria , Bhowmick Taraprasad , Bagheri Gholamhossein , Stohl Andreas
Published: February 2025

Abstract. The atmosphere plays a major role in the dispersion of microplastics in the environment. The atmospheric transport of large microplastics is strongly influenced by their settling behavior, which depends on their physical properties, including size and shape. However, experimental data on the settling behavior of commercially available microplastics with complex, nonspherical shapes in air are rare. Here we present experiments on the gravitational settling velocity of commercially available glitters (nominal diameters between 0.1 and 3 mm) and fibers (lengths between 1.2 and 5 mm). We observed that glitters and fibers settle up to 74 % and 78 % slower compared to volume-equivalent spheres, respectively. The atmospheric transport of fibers has been studied previously; however, there are no studies on the atmospheric transport potential of glitters. Therefore, we used an atmospheric transport model constrained by our experimental results to assess the transport potential of glitters. Our results reveal that glitters exhibit transport distances 12–261 % greater than volume-equivalent spheres, highlighting their elevated atmospheric transport potential. As a result, the environmental impact of glitter particles, especially following their use in entertainment events, warrants attention and mitigation.
On the reconstruction of ocean interior variables: a feasibility data-driven study with simulated surface and water column observations
Authors: García-Espriu Aina , González-Haro Cristina , Aguilar-Gómez Fernando
Published: February 2025

Abstract. This work uses data-driven approaches to study the feasibility of reconstructing ocean interior variables (temperature and salinity) from surface observations provided by satellites and interior observations provided by buoys. The feasibility of the approach is based on an Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) in which we use the outputs from an ocean numerical model as the ground truth, and simulate a real observing system of the ocean, taking the surface of the model as a simulation of satellite observations, and vertical profiles in the same locations as the real buoys. We implemented different models based on Random Forest Regressors and Long-Short Term Memory networks which were trained with the simulated observations and validated against the complete numerical model results. We obtain high spatial and temporal correlation using both technologies and an accurate description of the annual variability of the data accompanied by small biases.
ICON ComIn – the ICON Community Interface (ComIn version 0.1.0, with ICON version 2024.01-01)
Authors: Hartung Kerstin , Kern Bastian , Dreier Nils-Arne , Geisbüsch Jörn , Haghighatnasab Mahnoosh , Jöckel Patrick , Kerkweg Astrid , Loch Wilton Jaciel , Prill Florian , Rieger Daniel
Published: February 2025

Abstract. In 2021, a team of developers from the Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), the German Aerospace Center (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, DLR), the German Climate Computing Center (Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum, DKRZ), and the Forschungszentrum Jülich (FZJ) started the ICOsahedral Non-hydrostatic (ICON) model system Community Interface (ComIn) project: ICON ComIn is a library with multi-language support for connecting third-party modules (“plugins”) to the ICON model using the dynamic loader of the operating system. ComIn is intended for a wide range of use cases, from the integration of simple diagnostic Python scripts to chemistry model components into ICON. ICON ComIn is distributed with the ICON model code under an open-source license. Its application programming interface (API) provides a low barrier for code extensions to ICON and reduces the migration effort in response to new ICON releases. ComIn's main design principles are that it is lightweight, interoperable (Fortran, C/C++, Python), and flexible, and required changes in ICON are minimised. During the development of ComIn the ease of getting started and the experience during plugin development were guiding principles to provide a convenient tool. The extensive documentation and a variety of test and example plugins are results of this process. This paper motivates the underlying design principles and provides some concrete reasoning for their selection. Further, current limitations are discussed and the vision for the future is presented.
A Survey of Experimental Mathematics for Education
Authors: Jungic Veselin , Borwein Naomi
Published: February 2025

This paper offers a historical account of Experimental Mathematics education, a survey of Experimental Mathematics courses, research laboratories and environments, and interviews with luminaries in the field and including an unpublished interview with the late Jonathan M. Borwein (circa 2016).