bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Consecrated Sohpetbneng Peak (Navel of Heaven) - The Meaning and the Need for Protection, Preservation and Conservation
Authors: Swer Banbhalang
Published: February 2018

The Khasis like any other tribe or nation has its own civilization, different, unique and peculiar. Though it is an oral tradition in absence of writings, yet it had been manifested in the permanent objects of nature, this civilization is as old as that of Babylonian, Egyptian and Greek. The present world today with the progress of science and technology can be compared with the Khasi thought in the aspects of his religion (traditional), his social ways of life and the political aspect of regulating his people with a democratic essence of the highest order which the British as late as 1826 only admired without understanding the language. ‘Sohpetbneng’ literally means the navel between heaven and earth. However, in the philosophical thought of our ancestors, the word carries a different connotation. This can be seen and adjudged from the various ways of life of the Khasis as a race or tribe which cannot be effaced from the surface of the universe.The hillock (Lum) ‘Sohpetbneng’ is a divine manifestation of the essence of the Khasi thought which should be protected and preserved as a historical relic before any harm can come to it. The paper will further highlight the importance of the hillock to the Khasi Community and the kind of ritual rites and activities that are being perform on this place till date and the Architectural built components designed and supervised by the author in connection with the ritual rites and activities performed and the need to protect, conserve, preserve and recognized this hillock as one of the Heritage site.
Study on Urban Bridge Layout Oriented by Slow-Traffic and Lingering Space - Taking Shanghai Suzhou Creek as an Example
Authors: Yang Chun Xia , Lyu Cheng Zhe , Geng Hui Zhi
Published: February 2018

Through the investigation of bridges along Shanghai Suzhou Creek, we find a lot of problems. Firstly, Bridge layout is unreasonable. Secondly, mobiles occupy the main traffic volume. Thirdly, slow-traffic and lingering space isn’t comfortable. This study proposes the bridge planning and design idea oriented by slow-traffic and lingering space. Learning from overseas experiences, we put forward the bridge layout suggestions for Suzhou Creek from three aspects. First is to construct the reasonable distance between slow-traffic and lingering bridges. Second is to build the bridge system suitable for fast and slow-traffic. The last is to connect the cross-river attracted sources and bridges. Based on the above, we propose the bridges layout suggestion plan of Suzhou Creek.
Material and Cost Solutions Used for Construction of Upper Layers of the Road Pavement Structures
Authors: Ołdakowska Ewa
Published: February 2018

Availability and variety of materials and technologies used for construction of roads allows for searching for solutions which are the best and optimal in the economical range. The article presents the analysis of various design solutions (susceptible, semi-rigid, and rigid pavements) depending on material and cost solutions. In case of susceptible and semi-rigid pavements the first layer subjected to direct influence of traffic and weather conditions is the grindable layer. It may be made from various mineral and asphalt mixtures: stone mastic asphalt (SMA), asphalt concrete (AC), porous asphalt (PA), asphalt concrete for very thin layers (BBTM), and mastic asphalt (MA). The costs of realization of 4 cm of the grindable layer vary from 40.37 PLN to 50.65 PLN (1 PLN = 0.26 USD) depending on used mixture. Another layer in the susceptible and semi-rigid pavements is the binding layer, and the realization cost per 1m2 of the binding layer e.g. of type B is from 53.46 PLN to 71.37 PLN depending on used mixture and traffic category. The materials used for realization of the binding layer are the mineral and asphalt mixtures, in particular the asphalt concrete of three recommended graining - AC 11, AC 16, and AC 22. The material and cost optimization of the typical solutions of the pavement design, taking all layers into consideration, allowed for determining the “economical” solutions not only for a given traffic category, but also for a given type. Savings in case of the same design types are from approximately 11 PLN to over 12 PLN for the susceptible and semi-rigid design, and from 0.39 PLN to 0.49 PLN in case of realization of 1 m2 of the rigid design.
General Green Building Energy Efficiency
Authors: Yang Li , Qian Feng
Published: February 2018

General public has gradually realized the significance of building energy efficiency because of the increasing severity of environmental pollution and energy depletion issues during rapid societal and economic development. To achieve the goal of building energy efficiency requires the support from technical, economic, politic as well as social dimensions. Aiming to establish sustainable environmental and constructional development mechanism towards macro environment, this article has firstly presented the concept of general building energy efficiency, which is a general term of all energy-saving technologies in building lifecycle, from design and planning to operation and maintenance, and even demolishment.
Thermal Conductivity and Mechanical Properties of the Rubber Stopper Filled with ZnO Nanograins
Authors: Suntako Rudeerat
Published: February 2018

ZnO nanograins (nZnO) were synthesized by a precipitation method. The nZnO exhibited the average grain size of ~30 nm and the specific surface area of 28.24 m2 g-1. Then, it was incorporated into the ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber and produced to be a rubber stopper. This work studied the effect of nZnO and conventional ZnO (cZnO) as a cure activator on the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of the rubber stopper. As the content of nZnO increased, the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties are also increased. The obtained results could be reduced successfully from 5 to 2 parts per hundred parts of rubber (phr) compared with a cZnO because nZnO provides a satisfactory thermal conductivity and mechanical properties. Moreover, it also gives uniform completely vulcanized for thick rubber product due to swelling value (Q) between outer and inner portion of rubber stopper is less difference. In this work is concluded that the dosage, grain sizes and grain boundary of ZnO are effective parameter in the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of the rubber stopper.
New Identification Method for Power Transformer and Phase in Distribution Systems
Authors: Byun Hee Jung , Zheng Yan Pung , Choi Sang Jun , Shon Su Goog
Published: February 2018

In city, identification for 3 phase-4 wires power distribution lines is difficult due to compound installation of overhead and underground lines, transposition, bad view caused by trees or big buildings. It is necessary that the correct and fast identification method is required for load balancing among distribution lines. Tracing off-line method with high power impulse signal injection has been used recently. Our proposed method uses to identify live lines with very small power high frequency signal injection based on data communication technology. Two end communication terminals are required to be synchronized between them for determination on electrically same phases. Challenging issue is to achieve synchronization without GPS providing synchronizing time. A novel power transformer and phase identification system is designed and implemented. The system consists of a transmitter and a receiver with power-line communication module. Some experiments are conducted to verify the theoretical concepts in a big commercial building.
Research on Separation Reliability and Shock Response of a Non-Fracture Super-Zip Separation Device
Authors: Peng Fei , Yang Zhi Guang , Wang Li Peng , Sun Jing
Published: February 2018

The separation reliability and shock response of a state-of-the-art non-fracture Super-Zip separation device have been analyzed. The simulated results showed that the minimum peak value of the internal pressure for separating of the non-fracture Super-Zip separation device was quarter of the conventional Super-Zip separation device. At the same time, on account of the non-fracture separation mode, the structure near the state-of-the-art non-fracture Super-Zip separation device had lower impact acceleration responses comparing with the conventional Super-Zip separation device.
Application of Cast Steel Joint in Steel Structure Project of Big-Span Space
Authors: Wang Er Lei
Published: February 2018

Cast steel node is a new type of structure joint developed with the application of large-span steel space structure. The stress distribution is discussed of cast steel nodes under three-dimension load by the use of FEM, in the space grid structure of maintenance hall. By the measurement, the stress on the surface of the cast steel node under design load is obtained. Combined with the test on-the-spot and computation, the result proves FEM result.
Foreign direct investment, trade openness and growth nexus in Lesotho
Authors: Makhetha Leseko , Rantaoleng Joel
Published: February 2018

This paper examines the long-run relationship among FDI, trade openness and growth in Lesotho for the period 1980-2011. The results show a long-run relationship between output, FDI and trade openness. The VAR Granger causality shows a unidirectional causal relationship running from trade openness, FDI to output and from output, FDI to trade openness. FDI was found to be insignificant in explaining growth of output in both the long and short run. Trade openness was found to be significant with a negative impact on output growth in the long run but was found to be insignificant in the short run.
The accounting treatment of credit card rewards programmes: a South African perspective (Part 1)
Authors: Brink Sophia
Published: February 2018

Credit card rewards programmes are a common phenomenon in the South African market. On 1 July 2007 the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) issued IFRIC 13 Customer Loyalty Programmes to give specific guidance to suppliers on the accounting treatment of customer loyalty programme transactions. Although credit card rewards programmes are specifically included in the scope of this Interpretation, in practice not all credit card rewards programmes currently account for award credits under the revenue deferral model (IFRIC 13). During May 2014 the IASB and the United States Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) published IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers intended to replace six existing Standards and Interpretations, including IFRIC 13. Currently there is uncertainty whether or not a credit card rewards programme transaction falls within the scope of IFRS 15. Despite concerns raised the Boards decided against providing any additional guidance to credit card rewards programmes and indicated that they leave it up to management
The accounting treatment of credit card rewards programmes: a South African perspective (Part 2)
Authors: Brink Sophia
Published: February 2018

Most credit card issuers offer their card holders participation in a customer loyalty programme. On 1 July 2007 the IASB issued IFRIC 13 Customer Loyalty Programmes to give specific guidance to suppliers on the accounting treatment of customer loyalty programme transactions. Despite the fact that credit card rewards programmes are specifically included in the scope of this Interpretation, in practice not all credit card rewards programmes currently account for award credits under the revenue deferral model (IFRIC 13). These divergent practices make one question the relevance of the current guidance provided in IFRIC 13 to credit card rewards programmes; otherwise what is the reason behind credit card rewards programmes accounting for these transactions differently? During May 2014 the IASB and the United States Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), published IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers intended to replace six existing Standards and Interpretations, including IFRIC 13. The aim of IFRS 15 is to streamline accounting for revenue across all industries and to correct inconsistencies in existing Standards and practices. Credit card rewards programme respondents raised many queries and uncertainties based on the proposed model but despite these concerns the Boards decided against providing any additional guidance to credit card rewards programmes. They indicated that they leave it up to management
Assessing Reputational Risk: A Four Point Matrix
Authors: Swanepoel Ezelda , Esterhuysen J , Van Vuuren Gary , Lotriet Ronnie
Published: February 2018

Corporate strategies have been increasingly confronted with the need to measure and manage corporate reputation. Despite the importance associated with measuring and assessing reputational risk, the effectiveness of techniques that accomplish these tasks have not kept pace
Editorial
Authors: Els Gideon
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.
Long-run Accounting Conservatism and subsequent equity returns
Authors: Badenhorst Wessel M.
Published: February 2018

This paper investigates the impact of long-run accounting conservatism on subsequent equity returns. The accounting conservatism proxy used is based on prior research and considered for different possible specifications. In contrast to prior research, this study compensates for the impact of momentum and the accrual anomaly by using five-year subsequent buy and hold total returns. A three-factor Fama and French model finds that accounting conservatism does not have a significant impact on subsequent equity returns for a sample of US firms. Stratifying the sample into pre-crisis and crisis periods does not affect results. However, this study also reveals that firms within certain industries do benefit from increased accounting conservatism, during both pre-crisis and crisis sample periods.
The factors influencing the use of financial planners
Authors: Zeka Bomikazi , Goliath Jasmine , Antoni Xolile , Lillah Riyaadh
Published: February 2018

Individuals need to seek professional financial advice to achieve their financial goals. However, some do not see the value of consulting financial planners, and show little intention to use financial planners. Furthermore, there is a lack of research explaining why these individuals do not make use of financial planners. This study aims, therefore, to investigate the factors that could possibly influence individuals’ intentions to make use of a financial planner: awareness, perceived image, trust, and perceived rewards. To achieve this, a hypothesised model and hypotheses were developed and empirically tested. The results of the study indicated that there are significant relationships between perceived image and rewards, on the one hand, and intentions to use a financial planner, on the other. Thus financial planners must portray a positive image and deliver the perceived benefits of engaging in financial planning if individuals are to recognise the value in making use of their services.
Acceptance of the eletronic method of filing tax returns by South African taxpayers: An exploratory study
Authors: Jankeeparsad Raphael W. , Jankeeparsad Thanesha R. , Nienaber Gerhard
Published: February 2018

The South African government has benefited to date from information technology in many ways. The importance of understanding and influencing South African citizens’ acceptance of E-Government services is critical, given the substantial investment in government communication, information system technology and the potential for cost saving. One of the most successful E-Government initiatives, the electronic filing system (eFiling), allows tax returns to be filed electronically. Despite many taxpayers adopting this method, a large number are still using the traditional manual method of filing tax returns. This study utilised the decomposed theory of planned behaviour with factors adjusted specifically for South Africa as a developing country to identify the possible determinants of user acceptance of the eFiling system among taxpayers. This exploratory study was conducted by means of a questionnaire survey. For taxpayers using the manual method, lack of facilitating conditions such as access to computer and internet resources was the most significant barrier to eFiling usage, while taxpayers using the electronic method reported perceived usefulness as the primary determinant in their decision to use eFiling. Understanding these acceptance factors can extend our knowledge of taxpayers’ decision-making and lead to better planning and implementation of future E-Government initiatives in South Africa and other developing countries.
Capital structure determinants in South Africa: A quantile regression approach
Authors: Gwatidzo Tendai , Ntuli Miracle , Mlilo Mthokozisi
Published: February 2018

Using data on 239 listed South African firms and covering the period 1996-2010, we apply a quantile regression approach to investigate the effect of capital structure determinants on leverage. The paper’s main contribution is to assess the effect of the predictor variables across the distribution of leverage. That is, does the effect of a capital structure determinant vary at different levels of leverage? With the exception of asset tangibility and age, whose effect increased with leverage, our results suggest that the importance of leverage determinants does not vary with leverage. This is an important result, as it suggests that for the case of South Africa, studies that estimate the correlates of leverage at the mean are still valid and appropriate.
A comparative analysis of the level of competitiveness of the South African Clothing and Textile Industry
Authors: Van Zyl Gerhardus , Matswalela Kagiso
Published: February 2018

The aim of the article is to perform a comparative competitor benchmark analysis of the level of competitiveness of the South African clothing and textile industry (CAT industry). The article employs both Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) indices and fixed-effect panel data estimates in order to perform an analysis of the level of competitiveness of the South African CAT industry. The study includes export data from 1990-2013 for 18 sample emerging markets. The RCA indices indicate that the South African CAT industry has comparative disadvantages in both the clothing and textile sectors. Asian CAT industries are inclined towards a more dominant comparative advantage when compared to other emerging markets in both the clothing and textile sectors. The indices indicate a large and widening gap between the levels of competitiveness of the South African CAT industry and the CAT industries of sample countries (especially India and China). The fixed-effect panel data estimates suggest that increasing unit labour costs and declining export shares can be viewed as major determinants of the increasing lack of competitiveness of the South African CAT industry. The results of this article point to a mounting crisis in the South African CAT industry, most especially in terms of job losses and declining exports markets. Proper policy responses from the government, industrialist, retailers, labour unions and other stakeholders within the economy (such as banks and development finance institutions) are required.
Determining consumers' intention to use unit trusts
Authors: Rootman Chantal , Krüger Janine
Published: February 2018

The savings rate among South Africans is too low, and increasing the savings rate is critical for the financial wellbeing of citizens and for the country. Many South Africans do not make use of formal savings products, including unit trusts. However, there is a need to increase the use of unit trusts and thus the savings rate, and ultimately the financial wellbeing of consumers. Unit trusts are well-designed savings/investment vehicles, allowing for small investment amounts with affordable cost structures catering for consumers with different risk profiles. Therefore this study will focus on investigating consumers’ perceptions of unit trusts by identifying the factors which influence consumers’ intention to use unit trusts as an investment vehicle. A quantitative study was employed and for the empirical investigation a convenience sample of 509 respondents completed a self-administered, structured questionnaire. The data was quantitatively analysed and the main results showed that the Accessibility and Benefits of unit trusts are the most important factors influencing consumers’ Intention to use unit trusts. The strategies explained in this study may assist financial service providers in encouraging consumers to use unit trusts as an investment vehicle. This may increase the country’s savings rate and ultimately improve the financial wellbeing of South Africans.
Regional Impact of the Global Economic Crisis on the Free State Province in South Africa: A Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Assessment
Authors: Maisonnave Helene , Mahabir Jugal , Chitiga Margaret , Mabugu Ramos
Published: February 2018

The decline in the world economy that followed the 2008-2009 global economic crisis had detrimental effects on most economies. Not enough attention has been paid to the process through which crisis-related pressures affected regional economies and sub-national governments. A regional computable general equilibrium model was developed to analyse impacts of the crisis on the regional economy of the Free State province in South Africa. Key results included a general fall in prices in the province, a fall in demand in sectors that are more vulnerable to global conditions, falling wages and declining incomes for agents and provincial government.
Accounting students' experience of an improved strategy of feedback on assessment
Authors: Stegmann Nerine , Malan Marelize
Published: February 2018

Higher education institutions in South Africa are experiencing the effects of massification and diversification of the student body, necessitating students to take more responsibility for the management of their own learning. The education of chartered accountants in South Africa reflects this reality. Feedback on assignments and formative assessments is regarded as a key mechanism to facilitate students' development as independent learners. The practical logistics of providing one-on-one feedback to an ever-increasing number of students necessitate a concerted change in feedback practice. The goal of this article is to report on the experience of undergraduate accounting students regarding the revised and more detailed system of feedback on assignments and formative assessments that was introduced by the authors. The researchers are of the opinion that the questionnaire cannot be tested at other universities, unless the total approach to feedback is instituted and supported. The research is underpinned by the theoretical framework of self-directed learning. Pragmatism and a mixed methods methodology is the relevant research paradigm underlying this inquiry and the concurrent triangulation approach is considered appropriate to this investigation. The study found that students were of the opinion that the new form of feedback on assessment enabled them to identify typical mistakes, recognise their individual strengths and weaknesses, gain from constructive criticism and conduct regular self-assessment. The quantitative inquiry clearly showed that students were overwhelmingly satisfied and impressed with the features of the revised strategy of feedback. However, the peer-assessment feature of the strategy was not received as positively, as students expressed anxiety in assessing their peers. The study has proven that a concerted change in focus could assist in student self-assessment and self-directedness.
JSE listed companies in the food and drug retail sector: A content analysis of financial statements to determine their primary purpose
Authors: Gregory Vanessa , Chasomeris Mihalis
Published: February 2018

The overall purpose of the study is to analyse financial statements to determine the primary purpose of JSE listed companies in the food and drug retail sector. There were two parts to the analyses. First, the study examines the literature on the three models, namely: neoclassical, conscious capitalism and entity maximisation and sustainability in order to identify themes or major identifiers of each model. Second, it analyses the financial statements (over five years from 2010 to 2014) of JSE listed companies in the food and drug retail sector, in particular the non-financial information. The entire population was analysed as there were only four in the population, namely SPAR, Pick n Pay, Shoprite and Clicks. Annual integrated reports and sustainability reports (where separately published) were analysed using content analyses. Keywords and themes were used to link the attributes of the company to the attributes identified in the literature to determine the model the company used. The content analyses showed that the dominant model was the entity maximisation and sustainability model. However, each company appears to have chosen to focus on a different stakeholder: SPAR on employees, Pick n Pay on customers (with a differentiation strategy), Shoprite on customers (with a low cost strategy) and Clicks on shareholders.
Bolton’s Tooth Size Discrepancy in Malaysian Orthodontic Patients: Are Occlusal Characteristics Such as Overjet, Overbite, Midline, and Crowding Related to Tooth Size Discrepancy in Specific Malocclusions and Ethnicities?
Authors: Mulimani Priti Subhash , Binti Azmi Myra Innessa , Jamali Nabilah Rashida , Md Basir Nur Najaa Binti , Kyaw Soe Htoo Htoo
Published: February 2018

Introduction

Tooth size, occlusal traits, and ethnicity are closely interrelated, and their impact on desirable orthodontic treatment outcome cannot be underestimated. This study was undertaken to assess the occlusal characteristics and ethnic variations in occlusion of Malaysian orthodontic patients and evaluate their correlation with Bolton’s tooth size discrepancy.

Materials and Methods

On 112 pretreatment study models of orthodontic patients, molar relationship, overjet, overbite, spacing, crowding, midline shift, and Bolton’s ratios were assessed. ANOVA, one-sample t-test, Chi-squared test, and Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient were used for statistical analysis.

Results

Significant difference between anterior ratio of our study and Bolton’s ideal values was found, for the entire study sample and Chinese ethnic group. Differences between races and malocclusion groups were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Significant correlations were found as follows – in Angle’s Class I malocclusion between 1) anterior ratio and overbite, 2) overall ratio and maxillary crowding and spacing; in Angle’s Class II malocclusion between 1) anterior ratio and overjet and midline shift, 2) overall ratio and mandibular crowding; in Angle’s Class III malocclusion between 1) anterior ratio and mandibular crowding and both maxillary and mandibular spacing 2) overall ratio and mandibular crowding.

Conclusions

Significant differences in anterior ratio and Bolton’s ideal values for the Malaysian population were found, indicating variations in anterior tooth size as compared to Caucasians. Statistically significant correlations existed between Bolton’s ratios and occlusal traits. These findings can be applied clinically in diagnosis and treatment planning by keeping in mind the specific discrepancies that can occur in certain malocclusions and addressing them accordingly.
Correction of Gummy Smile in a Patient of Vertical Maxillary Excess Using Absolute Anchorage System
Authors: Lahoti Ekta , Choudhury Partha Pratim , Nakib Ali Asger , Kumar Mukesh
Published: February 2018

This article presents the orthodontic treatment of a 24-year-old female patient with gummy smile and proclination along with a hyperdivergent profile. The patient showed excessive gingival display in both the anterior and posterior areas in the maxilla. Such situation in an adult patient often demands surgical therapy. However, due to patient reluctance toward surgery, the gummy smile was treated by the intrusion of the whole maxillary arch. After alignment and leveling, absolute anchorage system as well as a modified transpalatal arch was designed to achieve posterosuperior movement of the entire upper dentition. The active treatment period was 2.3 years.
Pursuit of Excellence: A Forgotten Quest?
Authors: Wertheimer Mark B.
Published: February 2018

The article explores the current orthodontic landscape with respect to the challenges that affect the pursuit of excellence in the specialty. These challenges include marketing by manufacturing companies, financial pressures, marketplace competition, attaining practice efficiency, new product introduction with limited supporting evidence, attributing greater importance to patient experience than the best approach to treatment, and lack of public education regarding their best interests. Home or DIY treatment, bypassing office visits and the practitioner, have also emerged as a concerning trend with the public not clearly understanding the detrimental consequences that may ensue. An over reliance on technology may override individualized treatment and further compromise treatment results.
Distal Driving of Molar by Smart Distal-propeller Appliance
Authors: Vijayashree U. H. , Revankar Siddharth Shashidhar , Pinto Preema
Published: February 2018

In recent years, maxillary molar distalization with noncompliance mechanics has been an increasingly popular method for the resolution of Class II malocclusion. This communication describes one particular molar distalizing appliance, the Smart distal-propeller appliance which is simple, inexpensive, easily fabricated that can be used for unilateral or bilateral molar distalization.
Orthodontic Clockwise Rotation of Maxillomandibular Complex for Improving Facial Profile in Late Teenagers with Class III Malocclusion: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Liou Eric J. W. , Wang Yu-Chi
Published: February 2018

Objective

Orthodontic camouflage treatments improve occlusion but might worsen facial profile in patients with Class III malocclusion. It has been reported that surgical clockwise rotation of maxillomandibular complex (MMc) improves facial profile by reducing chin prominence and chin throat length in patients with Class III malocclusion. The purpose of this report was to illustrate two orthodontic techniques for clockwise rotation of the MMc in late teenagers with Class III malocclusion and preliminarily evaluate their clinical effects.

Patients and Methods

Six patients in late teenage with Class III malocclusion were included in this preliminary report. Bite raisers were first placed on the upper molars to open the bite and clockwise rotate the mandible. Intermaxillary elastics were then applied vertically between the upper and lower dentitions in 3 patients for bimaxillary extrusion (Technique-1) or between the upper dentition and the lower temporary anchorage devices (TADs) in another 3 patients (Technique-2) for upper dentition extrusion and closure of the anterior open bite. The three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography images taken before and after orthodontic treatment were superimposed to evaluate the treatment effects of MMc clockwise rotation for both techniques.

Results

The Technique-1 extruded the upper and lower dentitions, rotated the mandible clockwise 2.01°, moved chin down 2.98 mm, and back −1.64 mm, although the mandible grew 2.47 mm during the treatment period. The Technique-2 extruded the upper dentition, rotated the mandible clockwise 0.90°, moved chin down 1.78 mm, but slightly forward 0.47 mm due to the mandible grew 2.50 mm and lower dentition was not extruded.

Conclusions

The orthodontic clockwise rotation of MMc is an effective technique for orthognathic camouflage. The applications of bite raisers and bimaxillary dentition extrusion could be more effective than single dentition extrusion with TADs in the mandible for clockwise rotation of MMc and improvement of occlusion and facial profile in late teenagers with Class III malocclusion. However, the comprehensive clinical effects and long-term stability need further clinical studies.
A Guide to Reading Herodotus’ Histories
Authors: Sheehan Sean
Published: February 2018

Modern scholarship judges Herodotus to be a more complex writer than his past readers supposed. His Histories is now being read in ways that are seemingly incompatible if not contradictory. This volume interrogates the various ways the text of the Histories has been and can be read by scholars: as the seminal text of our Ur-historian, as ethnology, literary art and fable. Our readings can bring out various guises of Herodotus himself: an author with the eye of a travel writer and the mind of an investigative journalist; a globalist, enlightened but superstitious; a rambling storyteller but a prose stylist; the so-called ‘father of history’ but in antiquity also labelled the ‘father of lies’; both geographer and gossipmonger; both entertainer and an author whom social and cultural historians read and admire.

Guiding students chapter-by-chapter through approaches as fascinating and often surprising as the original itself, Sean Sheehan goes beyond conventional Herodotus introductions and instead looks at the various interpretations of the work, which themselves shed light on the original. With text boxes highlighting key topics and indices of passages, this volume is an essential guide for students whether reading Herodotus for the first time, or returning to revisit this crucial text for later research.
Seasonal ozone vertical profiles over North America using the AQMEII group of air quality models: model inter-comparison and stratospheric intrusions
Authors: Astitha Marina , Kioutsoukis Ioannis , Fisseha Ghezae Araya , Bianconi Roberto , Bieser Johannes , Christensen Jesper H. , Cooper Owen , Galmarini Stefano , Hogrefe Christian , Im Ulas , Johnson Bryan , Liu Peng , Nopmongcol Uarporn , Petropavlovskikh Irina , Solazzo Efisio , Tarasick David W. , Yarwood Greg
Published: February 2018

Abstract. This study evaluates simulated vertical ozone profiles produced in the framework of the third phase of the Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII3) against ozonesonde observations in North America for the year 2010. Four research groups from the United States (U.S.) and Europe have provided ozone vertical profiles to conduct this analysis. Because some of the modeling systems differ in their meteorological drivers, wind speed and temperature are also included in the analysis. In addition to the seasonal ozone profile evaluation for 2010, we also analyze chemically inert tracers designed to track the influence of lateral boundary conditions on simulated ozone profiles within the modeling domain. Finally, cases of stratospheric ozone intrusions during May–June 2010 are investigated by analyzing ozonesonde measurements and the corresponding model simulations at Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment Ozonesonde Network Study (IONS) experiment sites in the western United States. The evaluation of the seasonal ozone profiles reveals that at a majority of the stations, ozone mixing ratios are under-estimated in the 1–6 km range. The seasonal change noted in the errors follows the one seen in the variance of ozone mixing ratios, with the majority of the models exhibiting less variability than the observations. The analysis of chemically inert tracers highlights the importance of lateral boundary conditions up to 250 hPa for the lower tropospheric ozone mixing ratios (0–2 km). Finally, for the stratospheric intrusions, the models are generally able to reproduce the location and timing of most intrusions but underestimate the magnitude of the maximum mixing ratios in the 2–6 km range and overestimate ozone up to the first km possibly due to marine air influences that are not accurately described by the models. The choice of meteorological driver appears to be a greater predictor of model skill in this altitude range than the choice of air quality model.
Combined Impacts of ENSO and MJO on the 2015 Growing Season Drought over the Canadian Prairies
Authors: Li Zhenhua , Li Yanping , Bonsal Barrie , Manson Alan H. , Scaff Lucia
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Warm-season precipitation over the Canadian Prairies plays a crucial role in activities in environment and society and has particular importance to agricultural production over the region. This research investigates how a warm season precipitation deficit over the Canadian Prairies is related to tropical Pacific forcing in the early summer 2015 drought. The significant deficit of precipitation in May and June of 2015 were coincident with a warm phase of El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and a negative phase of Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO)-4 index as they both favor a positive geopotential height anomaly in western Canada. Further investigation during the instrumental record period (1979–2015) shows that the warm-season precipitation in the Canadian Prairies and the corresponding atmospheric circulation anomalies over western Canada teleconnected with the lower boundary conditions in the tropical western Pacific. MJO may play a crucial role in determining the summer precipitation anomaly in the western Canadian Prairie when equatorial central Pacific is warmer than normal (NINO4 > 0) and MJO is more active. The mechanism of this teleconnection may be due to the propagation of stationary Rossby wave that is generated in the MJO-4 index region. When the tropical convection around MJO-4 index regions (western tropical Pacific, centered over 140 E) is more active than normal when NINO4 > 0, a Rossby wave train originates from western Pacific and propagates into the midlatitude North America causing an anomalous ridge in the upper level over western Canada.
Preface: Current perspectives in modelling, monitoring, and predicting geophysical fluid dynamics
Authors: Mancho Ana M. , Hernández-García Emilio , López Cristóbal , Turiel Antonio , Wiggins Stephen , Pérez-Muñuzuri Vicente
Published: February 2018

Abstract. The third edition of the international workshop Nonlinear Processes in Oceanic and Atmospheric Flows was held at the Institute of Mathematical Sciences (ICMAT) in Madrid from 6 to 8 July 2016. The event gathered oceanographers, atmospheric scientists, physicists, and applied mathematicians sharing a common interest in the nonlinear dynamics of geophysical fluid flows. The philosophy of this meeting was to bring together researchers from a variety of backgrounds into an environment that favoured a vigorous discussion of concepts across different disciplines. The present Special Issue on Current perspectives in modelling, monitoring, and predicting geophysical fluid dynamics contains selected contributions, mainly from attendants of the workshop, providing an updated perspective on modelling aspects of geophysical flows as well as issues on prediction and assimilation of observational data and novel tools for describing transport and mixing processes in these contexts. More details on these aspects are discussed in this preface.
Las colaboraciones de Rubén Darío en la revista ilustrada "Elegancias: moda y monstruosidades" (sobre la “cabeza” de Delfina Bunge de Gálvez y la crónica Mimi Aguglia)
Authors: Torres Alejandra
Published: February 2018

En este artículo se toma en cuenta el texto Anticipos de moda que, con las iniciales R.D. se publicó en la revista Elegancias dirigida por Rubén Darío en París desde 1911 a 1914. En el texto, enumeramos las publicaciones del director y se analizan dos textos firmados por Darío, aún sin reeditar, la “cabeza” de “Delfina Bunge de Gálvez” y la crónica “Mimi Aguglia”.
Rubén Darío y Santiago Rusiñol: otro ejemplo de la pintura como escritura
Authors: Rovira José Carlos
Published: February 2018

La relación de la pintura y la poesía es de nuevo el argumento de este trabajo sobre Darío que se inicia con su formación en Chile en 1886 a través del joven Pedro Balmaceda, e indica su persistente penetración en la pintura europea y española a partir de su segundo viaje a España en 1899. Algunos encuentros con la pintura-paisaje-poesía abren su atracción por la obra de Santiago Rusiñol, a la que se acerca desde su llegada a España y a la que continúa prestando atención siempre, siendo Jardins d´Espanya (1902), del escritor y pintor catalán, el objeto de apreciaciones y valoraciones concretas que son relevantes para la escritura de quien sin duda, acorde con el modernismo que había definido en la tradición hispanoamericana, convirtió su producción poética y prosística en un conjunto de imágenes vinculado a la pintura y a modelos de la misma
Rubén Darío en la decadencia de las monarquías
Authors: Ruiz Barrionuevo Carmen
Published: February 2018

Las opiniones de Rubén Darío sobre la realeza se vierten de modo esporádico, pero significativo, en el conjunto de su obra. La poesía y la narrativa reúnen un tópico y un concepto en ocasiones crítico de la monarquía. Sin embargo son más interesantes los ensayos que tienen como protagonistas a Pedro II de Brasil, Amelia de Portugal, Alfonso XIII y la regente María Cristina. La figura de Eugenio de Montijo señala el aura de maldición y el esteticismo a los que se refiere el poeta
"En la verbena de Madrid": de ‘¡Rubén!’ a ‘Unamuno’, tópicos y escritores de la España finisecular en las crónicas de Ventura García Calderón
Authors: Valero Juan Eva María
Published: February 2018

La vinculación entre desarraigo y cosmopolitismo fue desarrollada con especial clarividencia por Ventura García Calderón en un ensayo que dedicó a Rubén Darío en el prólogo que escribió para el libro Pages Choisies, con textos del nicaragüense y publicado en 1918. Ese desarraigo es también revisitado por el peruano en sus crónicas sobre los escritores del 98 y, especialmente, en las dedicadas a Miguel de Unamuno. Gracias a los textos dedicados a uno y a otro, la figura de Darío y la de Unamuno quedan unidas bajo la mirada de García Calderón
Rubén Darío en la AECID: correspondencia de Leonidas Pallares y Leopoldo Díaz
Authors: Fernández Teodosio
Published: February 2018

La Biblioteca Hispánica de la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional y Desarrollo (AECID) custodia en Madrid un Archivo de Rubén Darío. El artículo estudia la correspondencia enviada al poeta nicaragüense por el ecuatoriano Leonidas Pallares y el argentino Leopoldo Díaz en los primeros años del siglo XX. Los documentos autógrafos analizados permiten avanzar en el conocimiento de la biografía de Darío y de las relaciones que entonces mediaban entre los escritores hispanoamericanos residentes en Europa.
Poesía hispanoamericana
Authors: Aridjis Homero
Published: February 2018

La figura de Rubén Darío como poeta de América permite rememorar a las grandes voces que el siguieron y que están en deuda con el vate nicaragüense
Influence of Corporate Transparency Disclosures on Financial Performance of Listed Companies in East Africa
Authors: Wanjau Boniface Muriithi , Muturi Willy Mwangi , Ngumi Patrick
Published: February 2018

With the decline in the financial performance of listed companies in East Africa and the rising trend of corporate failure in both global and local perspective. Stakeholders are increasingly becoming more concerned of the financial performance of their firms. This study aimed to find out whether corporate transparency disclosure can be used to address the decline in financial performance and corporate failures. Therefore, the current study sought to examine the influence of corporate transparency disclosure on financial performance among companies listed in East Africa. Specifically, the study sought to examine the influence of financial transparency, risk transparency, social transparency and governance transparency on financial performance of companies listed in East Africa. The study adopted both descriptive and correlation design. Purposive sampling was used to select the 65 listed companies in Nairobi securities exchange in Kenya, 16 companies quoted in Uganda securities exchange, 7 companies which are quoted in Rwanda Securities Exchange as well as 24 companies listed in Daresalaam securities exchange from 2006 to 2015. Secondary data was collected through the use of document check index retrieved from annual audited financial statements. Regression diagnostic and panel data diagnostic tests were carried out. Results of the study revealed that there was a positive and significant relationship between financial, governance, risk, social transparency and financial performance of listed companies in East Africa.
Following the Money: Cathars, Apostolic Poverty, and the Economy in Languedoc, 1237–1259
Authors: Shulevitz Deborah
Published: February 2018

Voluntary poverty was an important element of the apostolic way of life embraced by many Christian religious groups in medieval Europe, both those considered heretical and others that were not. This article shows that the so-called Cathar heretics of Languedoc, however, did not embrace apostolic poverty. In fact, they participated actively in the local economy, even borrowing and lending money on occasion. Using testimony of Cathar supporters contained in thirteenth-century inquisition registers, this article shows that believers made large bequests and contributed both goods and money to the Cathars. These assets were held and managed collectively and used to support the heretical clergy and, at times, believers as well. The article also demonstrates the existence of a network of Cathar practitioners, believers, and supporters through which money was collected, held, and circulated.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for English Language Teaching, Vol. 11, No. 3
Authors: Yu Gavin
Published: February 2018

Reviewer acknowledgements for English Language Teaching, Vol. 11, No. 3, 2018
Romeo and Juliet: Perceptions of love of stigmatized relationships
Authors: Brooks Thomas R. , Reysen Stephen , Katzarska-Miller Iva
Published: February 2018

We examined the connection between the perception of love and stigma in relationships and how much stigma needs to be present to elicit a heightened perception of love. Participants in the first study rated several relationships on the degree of stigma each one of them faced, and how much the individuals in each relationship loved each other—the perception of the Romeo and Juliet effect. In the second study, participants read a scenario of a male, gay relationship with various degree of stigma (none, one, two, or three sources), and rated how much the couple loved each other. The results suggest that there is a perception that the Romeo and Juliet effect exists, despite evidence that does not (Sinclair, Hood, & Wright, 2014). Individuals in relationships, which face stigma from multiple sources, are believed to love each other more than those with no stigma. Together, the results suggest that perceived stigma and love in a relationship are positively associated, which runs counter to better supported models of relationship satisfaction (Parks, Stan, & Eggert, 1983).
Bibliotecas y desigualdad social: explorando el estado del arte
Authors: Duque Cardona Natalia , Mazón Zuleta Viviana
Published: February 2018

El artículo tiene como propósito presentar el estado del arte realizado para el proyecto de investigación Doctoral La incidencia de la biblioteca en la reducción de las desigualdades sociales: el caso del Sistema de Bibliotecas Públicas de la ciudad de Medellín a partir del Acuerdo 079 de 2010. El texto presenta una introducción general del estado del arte, posterior a ello se expone la metodología de búsqueda realizada, para dar lugar a la presentación de los conceptos previos: biblioteca y desigualdad social; así como los conceptos emergentes. A continuación, se exponen las diversas disciplinas y sus aportes en el tema de biblioteca y desigualdad social, dando paso a los enfoques teóricos rastreados en el estado del arte. Finalmente, el artículo cierra con las tendencias y hallazgos generales en el campo de la biblioteca y la desigualdad social.