bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality Control of Sunscreen Products: A Validated HPLC Method for the Analysis of Avobenzone and Oxybenzone
Authors: Novy Inti Fauziah  , Aqnes Budiarti  , Khoirul Anwar
Published: December 2024

Avobenzone and oxybenzone are commonly used ultraviolet (UV) filters in sunscreen products, offering broad-spectrum protection against harmful solar radiation. Accurate determination of these compounds in sunscreen formulations is crucial for quality control and ensuring consumer safety. This study aimed to develop and validate a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of avobenzone and oxybenzone in commercial sunscreens. The HPLC method utilized a C₁₈ column with a mobile phase of methanol:aquabidest (93:7, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and a detection wavelength of 320 nm. The method was validated for linearity, sensitivity, selectivity, precision, and accuracy. The validated method was then applied to quantify avobenzone and oxybenzone in three different brands of commercial sunscreen products. The developed HPLC method demonstrated excellent linearity for both avobenzone (r = 0.9998) and oxybenzone (r = 0.9995). The method was also highly sensitive with low limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) for avobenzone (0.13 μg/mL and 0.43 μg/mL, respectively) and oxybenzone (0.35 μg/mL and 1.15 μg/mL, respectively). The method exhibited good selectivity and precision (%RSD ≤ 2%). Accuracy, as determined by recovery experiments, was within the acceptable range (100.01%-100.77% for avobenzone and 99.66%-100.81% for oxybenzone). The levels of avobenzone and oxybenzone in the analyzed sunscreen brands (A, B, and C) were found to be within the regulatory limits. In conclusion, the validated HPLC method provides a reliable and efficient means for the simultaneous quantification of avobenzone and oxybenzone in sunscreen products, contributing to the quality control and safety of these widely used formulations.
Evaluation of Air Quality Status Near the Industrial Zone of Brega City Using Pollution Indicators
Authors: A.M. Alghamq Mona , A.M. Falani Tawfig
Published: December 2024

Air pollution has grown to be a serious environmental problem in recent years, having an impact on both the environment and human health. Air quality indicators were calculated using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency procedure in order to assess the state and quality of air surrounding Brega city. The study examined the air quality during the period of February 2020 to June 2021, using an average standard of 24 hours to measure pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, respirable suspension particles, and suspended particles in four different locations. The findings showed that the levels of air pollution for sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, PM10, and PM2.5 were consistently above the allowable limit at all sampling sites and that the relative air quality index fell within the severe air pollution range.
The Effect of Iron Deficiency Anemia on HbA1C among Non-Diabetic Adults in Benghazi, Libya
Authors: F. Idris Basma , Kaziri Ibtisam , Suliman Meelad Ghada , Mohamed Saad Saad , Suliman Meelad Tamim , H. A. Amer Abeer
Published: December 2024

Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) is the most common hematological disorder that has an impact on various physiological processes in the body. This research aims to investigate the relation between IDA and HbA1c levels, a marker of long-term glycemic control. Data from 100 patients with IDA and 100 as a control group were collected from the First Medical Tech Laboratory in Benghazi, Libya, and analyzed using SPSS version 21. The distribution of age and sex among the groups was described using frequency and summary statistics. The statistical analysis showed that the data follows a normal distribution. However, it was not homogenous. Consequently, the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test was employed. The results indicated no statistically significant correlation between IDA and HbA1c levels (p = 0.08), suggesting that IDA may not have a significant impact on long-term glycemic control. These findings contribute to the existing body of literature on the relationship between IDA and HbA1c levels, and many researchers suggest the fact that IDA increases HbA1c levels; others align with our results by showing no correlation; some even suggest that IDA decreases HBA1c levels. These conflicting results highlight the need for further research to shed light on the underlying mechanisms involved.
Examining the Subjective Reasons Leading to Disparities in Academic Achievement among Students in the Architectural Design course at the University of Tripoli.
Authors: M. Shibub Mariam
Published: December 2024

Architectural education plays a vital role in developing and advancing the urban structure and raising the level of performance of technical departments to achieve a better standard of living for the country’s people within international standards. Architectural design is considered one of the most important basic subjects in the crystallization and formation of an architect's personality. Therefore, the disparity and sometimes weakness of the scientific achievement of students in the Department of Architecture in this subject undoubtedly leads to the inability of graduates to contribute to the process of construction effectively in practical life. This research aims to find out the reasons for the disparity in educational achievement among students of the architectural design subject in the Department of Architecture and Urban Planning at the University of Tripoli. The Descriptive Analytical method was employed to identify key challenges hindering students' educational progress in architectural design courses AR 302 and AR 403. The study examined a sample that comprised over 25% of the students across the two courses. The results were that all reasons for lack of achievement related to the students themselves. They were represented in order and according to importance in the degree of intelligence; hobbies; method of reading; access to books and references and the extent of benefiting from them; and attention and concentration during lectures. The study found that students did not have the moral courage to answer questions due to shyness (91.7%) and fear of the professor (8.3%). The research resulted in a set of recommendations, the most important of which is that professors should invest in the first meeting with students when presenting the course program. The study also recommends professors provide students with advice and guidance in developing their IQ, aim to reduce or eradicate the effects of shyness, and encourage and motivate students to participate in discussions and ask questions. Implementation of these recommendations will increase the likelihood of fostering an integrated educational institution that is constructive and capable of graduating confident scientific cadres.
Reviving the Ruins of Berenice in the Sidi Khrebish Area of Benghazi Old City by Using Holographic Technology
Authors: A. Gumma Fathea , G. Trabelsi Zoha
Published: December 2024

The city of Benghazi contains rich archaeological and historical monuments that form the spirit of the city, its civilization, and its ancient history, which needs to be preserved and revived in order to preserve the cultural and historical heritage of the city and its buildings and sites. Sometimes preservation involves many different aspects, such as celebrating events, people, places, and ideas that we are proud of. It also sometimes involves recognizing moments in our history that can be painful or uncomfortable to remember. Sidi Khreibish is an archaeological area of important historical value for the Old City of Benghazi in particular and for the city of Benghazi in general. Through the lighthouse, which constitutes the main landmark, it needs to be revived and presented again. With the technical development in the use of technology in architecture, especially in virtual reality and simulation applications, it has become possible to create a virtual environment using technology to reformulate the architectural and urban heritage. This is done by illusioning the recipient’s eye with non-existent 3D models or surfaces that are shaped in a vacuum using advanced hologram techniques and presenting it as a default model. The current study included an integrated analysis of the study area and how the holographic imaging technique could be used, which has a unique feature that enables it to recreate the image of the original objects in its three dimensions to a very high degree, in order to re-embody the Old City and highlight its features of great historical value for the region and revive it within the fabric of the urban city.
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Soaking and Cooking Techniques: A Study on Nutritional Enhancement of Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Libyan Cuisine
Authors: M. Abdel-Gader Zienab , Al-Ghatmi Najat , A. Sharif Abubaker , Al-kamoushy Zenab
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the effect of soaking duration, cooking time, and the type of water used on the mineral and nutritional content of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) available in the Libyan market. Common beans are a significant source of essential minerals, making them a staple food in Libya. The research involved preparing beans through various methods: uncooked (control), unsoaked, boiled in desalinated water, and soaked for 12 hours in four different types of water (distilled, desalinated, artificial river, and well water) before boiling. Samples were measured using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results demonstrated that soaking beans significantly reduced cooking time and enhanced the retention of vital minerals. The concentrations of minerals (mg/100 ml) in the cooked beans were as follows: sodium (Na) ranged from 2.8 to 49.3, calcium (Ca) from 8.4 to 20.8, potassium (K) from 189.0 to 742.8, zinc (Zn) from 1.1 to 2.1, barium (Ba) from 159.1 to 300.9, and iron (Fe) from 1.2 to 37.7, depending on the soaking and cooking conditions. Additionally, the type of water used for soaking and cooking influenced the mineral content, with artificial river and well water yielding higher concentrations of beneficial nutrients such as Na ranged from 400 to 628 mg/100 ml and Ca ranged from 50 to 73 mg/100 ml. The measured concentration of heavy metals in the samples is low and falls within the normal range according to the Libyan food specifications. This research contributes to the understanding of how traditional cooking practices can be improved for better health outcomes. The findings highlight the importance of proper soaking and cooking techniques in maximizing the nutritional value of common beans, providing practical recommendations for consumers and food preparers.
Genetic Stability Assessment of Three Tomato Hybrids (Lycopersicon esculentum) grown in the Libyan Green Mountains Using SRAP and RAPD Techniques
Authors: Emsaed Amani , Elkagkheg Abdelrezk , Elmeer Khaled
Published: December 2024

The genetic diversity of F1 tomato hybrid (Nada, Mona, and Dania) grown in Libyan Green Mountain (LGM) was investigated using SRAP and RAPD molecular marker techniques while the coefficient of variation C.V was used to investigate F1 seed purity. The coefficient of variation C.V., in the three cultivars Nada, Mona and Dania are 31.88, 51.66 and 44.18, respectively, indicating the homogeneity of Nada cultivar over Dania and Mona. The SRAP marker provided a total number of 29 amplified DNA bands with an average of 9.67 bands per primer, 26 of which were polymorphic (67% polymorphism), while the RAPD marker provided a total of 73 bands with an average of 14.6 bands per primer; all of them were 100% polymorphic. The genetic diversity for the three studied cultivars was 0.31, whereas Nada cultivar was the most homogeneous recording a genetic diversity of 0.24 compared with Mona 0.25 and Dania 0.28 Dania. Principal coordinate analysis (PcoA) divided tomato F1 hybrid samples into two main groups, the first (A) includes all the plants of a Nada hybrid cultivar, while group (B) consists of overlapping of Dania and Mona cultivars, reflecting the genetic relatedness.
Optimizing Quality Control: A Comprehensive Analysis of Computer Vision Methods for Assessing Vegetables and Fruits
Authors: Muftah Khamees Zahow , Aboubaker Abdusalam Abdusalam
Published: December 2024

Efficient quality control in the agriculture sector, particularly regarding the inspection of vegetables and fruits, stands as a critical necessity in today's health-focused industry. Conventional fruit grading methods, ill-suited for large-scale production, demand an automated, non-invasive, and economically feasible substitute. Computer vision emerges as a promising avenue, leveraging image analysis and machine learning algorithms to evaluate the quality of produce. The convergence of computer vision and image processing technologies in contemporary agriculture has brought about a substantial transformation in quality assessment methodologies. This paper conducts an in-depth exploration of the amalgamation of computer vision and image processing techniques for the evaluation of agricultural produce quality. Through a comprehensive review, this scientific analysis investigates the integration of computer vision and image processing techniques in agricultural quality assessment. It scrutinizes key studies, their practical implementations, outcomes, and the research voids they reveal. Technological progressions within the agricultural domain have the potential to amplify productivity and curtail the circulation of flawed or substandard products. Moreover, this study deliberates on the forthcoming trends in computer vision technology applications, accentuating their prospective influence on the vegetables and fruits industry.
Implementation of Statistical Control Processes in Benghazi's Food Industry
Authors: Abdelwanis Naji , Alkshir Asma , Al-Amami Eman , AlWarfali Sondos , Badi Abdelaziz
Published: December 2024

Quality control is a crucial aspect of any organization aiming to reach a high-quality level by providing products or services that satisfy customer needs. Control charts are among the most effective tools used to detect the occurrence of defects in the manufacturing process so they can be fixed before being delivered to the customers. This paper aims to assess the filling machine's performance in the Al-WAHA factory. In this investigation, a control chart and process capacity were implemented. Comprehensive details on the control chart and process capacity are discussed, along with an overview of the literature on related subjects. 33 samples of 800-gram jars' worth of data were examined. The metrics for performance were computed. Through the control charts S and X, it was found that there were ten out-of-control samples in the mean chart (3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 21, 23, 32, 33) and one observation in the variance chart (30) due to assignable reasons. After excluding the samples that caused the variance in the mean chart, the control charts. Both the S and X charts are within the control limits. Filling process capacity = 0.59, the process is unable to meet the specifications, and about 23.48% of the fillings are above 810 grams and 1.51% are below 790 grams. The CPK value describes the process as decentralized.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПРОЯВУ ІДЕНТИЧНОСТЕЙ ОСВІТЯН ПІД ВПЛИВОМ ВІЙНИ
Authors: Korobka Larysa
Published: December 2024

Російсько-українська війна як війна ідентичностей актуалізує питання формування громадянської та проєвропейської ідентичності як ключового чинника національного розвитку й безпеки. Освітянська спільнота є провідником змін у цій царині. Дослідження, проведене у травні-червні 2023 року охопило оцінку ідентичностей педагогів у Сумській, Рівненській, Запорізькій, Дніпропетровській областях.Результати показали, що найважливішими для освітян є національна (96,6 %) та громадянська (96,6 %) ідентичності, значними є також професійна (86,3 %), регіональна (81,7 %) та європейська (76,4 %) ідентичності. Представленість радянської ідентичності залишається низькою (3,5 %). Порівняльний аналіз регіонів засвідчив значущі відмінності у зміні ставлення до українських символів, Євросоюзу та НАТО, що підкреслює зростання національної свідомості.Загалом дослідження підтвердило тенденцію до укріплення національної та громадянської ідентичностей, формування відчуження від радянської спадщини та російського впливу. Війна виступила каталізатором переосмислення цінностей і належності до української нації. Освітяни відіграють провідну роль у процесах консолідації суспільства, формуванні соціальної ідентичності та утвердженні демократичних і європейських цінностей.
SHELLS, SHELL STRUCTURES, AND CURVILINEAR ERECTIONS IN THE FORM OF ALGEBRAICAL SURFACES OF THE SECOND ORDER
Authors:   the Engineering Academy of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Krivoshapko S.N.
Published: December 2024

Geometricians, architects, and engineers used the real second order surfaces always. In a
presented review paper, interesting information and results of research published at the last 20 years and devoted to strength, stability, and vibration of thin and thick, one-layered and many-layered shells, made of different constructive materials, were collected. Illustrations of erections and products of the last years are presented. The real surfaces of the second order form the separate class but all of them can be distributed between other classes of surfaces. It was proved in a paper. The presented materials show that interest of researchers for considered surfaces, shell structures, shells, and curvilinear erections outlined on the second order surfaces does not go out. In this paper, the information containing in 67 used references is exploited.
NONLINEAR SEISMIC RESPONSE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE FRAME BUILDINGS
Authors:   Vladikavkaz Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Abaev Z.K.
Published: December 2024

A methodology for seismic performance evaluation of a 10-story reinforced concrete frame
building is presented. The comparison between the results of nonlinear dynamic analysis and simplified modal nonlinear static method is carried out. The proposed methodology can be used to correctly estimate the maximum expected moments during a maximum considered earthquake. It is noted that traditional methods of analysis strongly underestimate seismic demands in comparison with nonlinear methods, especially in the middle part of the height of structures.
Visions of a Game
Authors:   Municipal Department of Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Baroni Nunes Palmyra , Azevedo Cunha Maria Isabel ,   Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, PUC-Rio, Brazil, Kayon de Miller Inés ,   Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, PUC-Rio, Brazil
Published: December 2024

Based on our beliefs that teachers and students are life-long learners and knowledge-makers in the field, this collaborative and exploratory inquiry aims at understanding how sixth-grade students and their teacher work in their English classes at a public sector school in the outskirts of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Within the framework of Exploratory Practice (EP), an inclusive modality of Practitioner Research (PR), we intend to find out how and why the interaction between Palmyra and her students is creatively interwoven in their everyday classroom activities. During classes, the students and their teacher creatively negotiate how to carry out the activities proposed in the adopted course book materials by making changes according to their interests and needs. Within EP, we view these adaptations as Potentially Exploitable Pedagogic Activities (PEPAs) and as chances for practitioners to investigate, express, and share their understandings of what they do. We believe that the construction of PEPAs by students and their teachers prioritizes the work to understand their quality of classroom life thus promoting mutual support and development. This collaborative autoethnographic text includes contributions of all the practitioners involved, their drawings, posters, and photos.
Com base em nossas crenças de que professores e alunos são aprendizes ao longo da vida e criadores de conhecimento na área, esta investigação colaborativa e exploratória visa compreender como os alunos do sexto ano e sua professora trabalham em suas aulas de inglês em uma escola do setor público na periferia, do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. No âmbito da Prática Exploratória (PE), uma modalidade inclusiva da Pesquisa do Praticante (PP), pretendemos descobrir como e por que a interação entre Palmyra e seus alunos está criativamente entrelaçada em suas atividades cotidianas de sala de aula. Durante as aulas, os alunos e sua professora negociam criativamente como realizar as atividades propostas nos materiais do livro didático adotado, fazendo alterações de acordo com seus interesses e necessidades. Na PE, vemos estas adaptações como Atividades Pedagógicas com Potencial Exploratório (APPE) e como oportunidades para os profissionais investigarem, expressarem e partilharem a sua compreensão do que fazem. Acreditamos que a construção das APPE pelos alunos e sua professora prioriza o trabalho de compreensão da sua qualidade de vida em sala de aula, promovendo assim o apoio e o desenvolvimento mútuo. Este texto autoetnográfico e colaborativo inclui contribuições de todos os envolvidos, os seus desenhos, cartazes e fotos.
Reshaping the Secondary ESL Classroom: Using Exploratory Practice to Promote Student Participation at an All-Girls’ School in Japan
Authors:   Kamakura Women’s University Senior and Junior High School, Japan, Minami Annie
Published: December 2024

In this exploratory inquiry, I consider the use of Teacher-Initiated Exploratory Practice (TEP) as a tool in examining and investigating student participation in class activities at an all-girls’ secondary English Conversation classroom in Kanagawa, Japan that I was teaching at in 2023. Beginning with a description of my journey as a native English speaking teacher (NEST) in Japan, I reflect upon starting a new job and how I could inspire my students to speak more in class. TEP influenced the framework of this research, in particular, the principles of getting everyone involved, bringing people together, and conducting the work in the spirit of mutual development (Allwright & Hanks, 2009). I then consider the puzzles I faced and how I came to use translanguaging and comprehension checks to achieve these goals. Initially, weekly classroom procedures are discussed as well as learner’s reactions to these procedures including a flipped classroom approach, student-led greetings, and pair comprehension checks. In the final part of this inquiry I look in depth at learner feedback received via student surveys and an interview, particularly at how and why these contributed to an overall improvement in the student’s output, which not only increased learner confidence but the quality of life of the classroom.
本探索的調査では、2023年に神奈川県の女子中等教育機関で担当した英会話のクラスにおける生徒の活動参加を高めることを目的とした教師主導の探索的実践(TEP)の活用について述べる。はじめに、日本でのネイティブスピーカーの英語教師(NEST)としての著者の経緯を紹介し、新しい職場で生徒がより積極的に授業に参加する方法を模索した経験を振り返る。この研究の枠組みはTEPの影響を受けており、クラス全員を巻き込み、生徒同士が協力し合って主体的に授業を進めるという原則が反映されている(Allwright & Hanks, 2009)。次に、直面した課題と、それらの解決に向けてトランスランゲージングと理解度チェックの具体的な活用方法について言及する。毎週、このクラスでは、反転授業のアプローチ、生徒主導の挨拶、ペアでの理解度チェックなどの取り組みが含まれる。生徒からのアンケートやインタビューによるフィードバックを考察し、これらの取り組みがアウトプットの向上にどのように貢献したか、また、生徒の自信とクラス内の学習環境の質の向上について考察する。
Determination of the threat of insolvency of business entities in bankruptcy procedures
Authors: Danilov Artem
Published: December 2024

The article analyzes the problems of the methodology of determining the threat of insolvency of the debtor in bankruptcy cases, as a basis for imposing joint and several liability on the head of the insolvent debtor for failure to satisfy the demands of creditors. The purpose of the article is a critical analysis and assessment of regulatory definitions and existing approaches in judicial law enforcement practice to determining the state of the threat of insolvency of the debtor in bankruptcy procedures, identifying their shortcomings, developing recommendations for improving regulatory and legal regulation and judicial interpretation of this concept. The author comes to the conclusion that the idea of the threat of insolvency as a static phenomenon established in modern judicial practice needs to be revised based on the reinterpretation of this phenomenon as a dynamic process. The existing approaches in law enforcement practice to determining the threat of insolvency are unreasonably limited in nature, since they operate with an insufficient number of factors (initial data) that do not take into account the variability of the financial situation of economic entities and do not allow to adequately assess the degree of risk of insolvency, and, as a result, to correctly determine the presence or absence of a state of threat of insolvency. It is emphasized the need to use more flexible and adaptive economic methodological approaches, based on the dynamic nature of the threat of insolvency, taking into account a wide range of indicators of the debtor's activity and their relationship over time. The need to apply a rebuttable presumption of insolvency in cases of failure of the debtor to provide the arbitration manager and the court with information about his own financial situation and the documents necessary for their verification is substantiated during the consideration of bankruptcy cases, provided that the fact of insufficient funds to fulfill obligations is established during the consideration of the bankruptcy case. the term of which has come.

Key words: bankruptcy, arbitration manager, financial analysis, threat of insolvency.
Court Ruling on Supplementary Period for Accepting Inheritance in Terms of Martial Law
Authors: Kukhariev Alexander
Published: December 2024

The article is focused on identifying the peculiarities of hearing civil cases on taking the ruling about supplementary period for accepting inheritance in terms of the martial law, taking into account the provisions of the current legislation of Ukraine, developments in legal doctrine and modern case-law.

The author has substantiated the argumentativeness of the position expressed in legal literature regarding the expediency of hearing cases on taking the ruling about supplementary period for accepting inheritance in terms of a separate proceeding related to the absence of a dispute about the right.

Despite the introduction of the martial law in Ukraine, supplementary period for accepting inheritance can be determined by the court only if there are valid reasons for its expiration. Optimal balance of the rights and interests of a plaintiff and other lawful heirs, who exercised their right to accept inheritance in a timely manner, is achieved in such a way. The most common circumstances that plaintiffs use to explain the reason for missing the deadline for accepting inheritance in terms of the martial law are: 1) a lawful heir’s stay outside of Ukraine at the moment of inheritance release, which is mostly not recognized by the court as a reason for satisfying the corresponding claim; 2) residence of a lawful heir in the area that was under occupation or in the zone of active hostilities at the moment of inheritance release, which is a valid reason in the context of Part 3 of the Art. 1272 of the Civil Code; 3) illness of a plaintiff, which is recognized as a valid reason, if the plaintiff underwent in-patient treatment in a health care facility for a long period of time within the terms established for accepting inheritance, provided that such illness made it impossible to timely apply to a notary public or an official of a local self-government agency on accepting inheritance; 4) a lawful heir’s ignorance of the last will and testament’s existence, which is classified as a valid reason for missing the deadline for accepting inheritance, if the last will and testament was drawn up in favor of a person, who is nota lawful heir under the law.

The duration of missing the deadline for accepting inheritance is a valid reason for taking such a ruling.

Key words:succession, hereditary legal relations, lawful heir, individual, parties, martial law, plaintiff, acceptance of inheritance, term for the acceptance of inheritance.
Cyber Law as an Institute of Criminal Law
Authors: Tsymbalyuk Vitaly
Published: December 2024

The article offers for consideration separate results of research on cyber law as an institution of criminal law. On the basis of comparative studies and constructive criticism, separate norms of the special legislation of Ukraine on cyber security are considered in relation to Articles 2 and 259 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, as well as the Convention on Cybercrime (Council of Europe, dated 23.11.2001).

At the doctrinal-scientific level of jurisprudence, it is proposed to consider an important aspect of the further development of cyber law as a direction of scientific research, in connection with institutes with similar names in other branches of legal science, in particular in criminal law. At the same time, methodologically, jurisprudence should consider the definition and conditional delimitation of sectoral institutes of cyber law in the leading branches of law, including criminal law, precisely on the basis of management, how it will differ from a number of other institutes of leading, complex and special branches of law, as well as such certain modern legal phenomena in the legal system, such as: telecommunications law, in particular in its composition – the law of electronic communications; IT law; informatization law; Internet law; legal informatics, legal cybernetics and others.

A new version of Part 2 of Article 259 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine is proposed for consideration by the relevant, drafters of bills responsible bill drafters and legislators.

The title of the Law of Ukraine «On the Basic Principles of Ensuring Cyber Security of Ukraine» is proposed to be worded as follows: «The Law of Ukraine «On Cyber Security». it is also proposed to revise the category «critical information infrastructure» in this Law.

It is determined that in the historical perspective, the formation of cyber law as an institution of criminal law in the national law of Ukraine and separate of states, as well as in international law, is closely related in the system, with the context of the object and subject signs of the manifestation of cybercrimes.

Keywords: law, cyber security legislation, cybercrime, computer crime.
The force of law and its validity іn the context of dialectical legal comprehesion
Authors: Teplyuk Mykhailo , Yushkyk Oleksii
Published: December 2024

The article examines the question of the relationship between the concepts of "validity of law" and "force of law", which is key, in particular, for supporting processes of development, improvement and functioning of the informational base of legislation.

There is no doubt that access to the text of the law in its control state, which means the version of the law that is valid on the relevant calendar date, should be understood as a necessary condition for the correct application of the laws of Ukraine in solving any legal issues. We would like to highlight: the version of the certain law valid not at the time of application, but at a specific determined moment. From this arises need to form an informational base of the legislation, which would guarantee that every subject of legal relations could find an answer to the question: what is the valid (or not valid) text of the certain law at any given moment of time.

At the same time, the formation of such an informational base, as seen in practice, requires not only appropriate knowledge of legal techniques, but also a clear understanding of some general theoretical concepts, in particular, the concepts of "force of the law" and "validity of the law", as well as an understanding of their correlation. Meanwhile, legal science has not yet formed such an understanding based on a scientifically proven general theory of law.

Thus, the specific technical and legal problem of maintaining the current legislation of Ukraine in a control state requires, as a necessary condition for its proper solution, clarification of the concepts of validity and effect of the law from the point of view of a scientifically proven general theory of law. The article describes new scientific approaches to the correlation of these concepts. They are based on the previous research of the authors and can be used both for developing the general theory of law (concerning legal normative act as a cornerstone element of the legal system), and for the specific purpose of futher improvement of the informational base of legislation of Ukraine.

Key words: validity of law, force of law, legal force of law, informational base of legislature, control state of law.
Implementasi Pengawasan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten Sambas dalam Mewujudkan Aparatur yang Bersih dan Bebas dari Korupsi, Kolusi dan Nepotisme
Authors: Harista Fajar
Published: December 2024

DPRD Kabupaten Sambas sudah beberapa kali dalam melakukan pengawasan dalam mewujudkan aparatur pemerintah yang bebas dari korupsi, kolusi, dan nepotisme. Adapun fokus masalah dalam penelitian ini yaitu bagaimana implementasi pengawasan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah terhadap pemerintah daerah yang bersih dan bebas dari korupsi, kolusi, dan nepotisme. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan konteks melalui pengumpulan data dari lapangan serta berinteraksi secara langsung dengan para informan dan Pendekatan Normatif Empiris. Sumber data penelitian berasal dari wawancara kepada anggota DPRD Kabupaten Sambas. Teknik analisis data berupa Observasi, Wawancara, dan Dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, disimpulkan bahwa implementasi pengawasan dari Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah adalah pengawasan 4 kali dari BPK, dan pengawasan melalui degitalisasi pihak KPK. Kedua Kendala yang dihadapi yaitu ialah tidak ada keterbukaan terkait dengan pengawasan sehingga akan mempersulit dalam mengumpulkan data-data.
Alanlar Arasında Bir Çeviri Yolculuğu: Tarihçi ve Çevirmen Kimliğiyle Reşat Ekrem Koçu
Authors: Erdoğan Özgür Bülent
Published: December 2024

Çeviri tarihi araştırmalarında metinlerden ziyade insani unsurlara, yani çevirmen ve çeviri sürecine katılan toplumsal çevreye odaklanmanın önemi vurgulanmaktadır (Pym, 2014). Bu makalede, Cumhuriyet Dönemi'nin önemli figürlerinden olan Reşat Ekrem Koçu'nun, tarihçi, üretken bir yazar, koleksiyoncu ve daha az bilinen çevirmen kimliğiyle çok yönlü edebi ve çeviri serüveni ele alınmaktadır. İki aşamadan oluşan çalışmanın ilk aşamasında 1930-1950 arası dönemde Koçu’nun özellikle Fransızcadan yaptığı seyahatname çevirileri incelenmektedir. İkincisinde 2023’de Salt Galata’da düzenlenen “Başka Kayda Rastlanmadı: Reşat Ekrem Koçu ve İstanbul Ansiklopedisi Arşivi” sergisi ve sonrası ele alınmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Pierre Bourdieu’nün “yörünge”, “alan”, “habitus” kavramları ile Venuti’nin (1995) “yerlileştirme” ve “yabancılaştırma” kavramlarından yararlanılmıştır. Koçu’nun Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi'ndeki ulus inşa sürecinde ve 1930’lardan 1950’lere kadar olan değişen siyasi ortamda şekillenen kişisel tarihi analiz edildikten sonra, yazarın dilsel habitusu ve çeviri stratejilerinin sosyo-politik bağlam ve ekonomik gerekliliklerle nasıl örtüştüğü incelenmektedir. Çalışmanın Koçu’nun yarım kalan magnum opus’u olan İstanbul Ansiklopedisi için topladığı metin ve görsellerden oluşan seçki, 2023 yılında düzenlenen sergi kapsamında İngilizceye çevrilerek uluslararası dolaşıma girmiştir. Bu sayede, yazarın üslubu ve kültürel sermayesi, kent hafızasının ve eşsiz bir kültürel mirasın yeni nesillere aktarılmasına katkıda bulunmaktadır. Bu serginin Koçu’nun kültürel üretim alanındaki konumunu 21. yüzyılda meşrulaştırdığı söylenebilir. Bu bağlamda, sergide kullanılan materyallerin kentsel hafızanın korunması ve kültürel mirasın gelecek kuşaklara aktarılmasındaki rolü değerlendirilmekte, ayrıca kültür ve sanat kurumlarının bu süreçteki önemi (Simon, 2019) vurgulanmaktadır.
PROFITABILITY OF DAIRY CATTLE PRODUCTION AMONG SMALLHOLDER DAIRY CATTLE FARMERS IN CHEPALUNGU SUBCOUNTY, BOMET COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: SIELE JOSPHAT , K. NG’ENO ELIJAH , KIBET NOAH
Published: December 2024

Smallholder farmers in Kenya are the majority players in the dairy sector, contributing to the country's economic performance. However, smallholder dairy cattle performance in the country is still low despite concerted efforts for improvement in recent decades. In Chepalungu Sub-County, Bomet County, dairy farming has remained a major concern for the smallholders who experience low milk production and prices. Smallholder dairy farmers produced an average of 4.3 litres of milk per cow per day, which is way below the potential national average of 8-10 litres. Besides the low milk production, smallholder dairy farmers in the study area also receive very low milk prices of about Kenya Shillings 25 to 30 per litre. Therefore, this study’s objective was to estimate the profitability of smallholder dairy cattle enterprises in Chepalungu Sub-County, Bomet County, Kenya. The study was guided by the theory of the firm, and descriptive and cross-sectional research designs were used. A sample of 155 smallholder dairy cattle farmers was selected using purposive, stratified, and simple random sampling techniques. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect primary data, while secondary data was collected through a literature review. Data were analysed using Gross Margin Analysis with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 software. Analysed data was presented using tables, graphs, charts, and figures. Gross Margin results showed that smallholder dairy enterprises were profitable with an average monthly gross margin of Ksh 2,192.40 per cow. To enhance dairy profitability, the study recommends that policymakers advance policies and strategic dairy production investments significantly reduce dairy production costs. Moreover, the study recommends the development and implementation of policies and programs that facilitate skill improvement and those that will stimulate and bolster the performance of dairy cattle production among dairy farmers. Additionally, the study recommends investments in relevant dairy infrastructure that can help reduce transaction costs and streamline the market for farm inputs and outputs.
THE EDUCATION AS A LEVER FOR SOCIAL CHANGE: THE HISTORY OF REFORMS AND INEQUALITIES IN MODERN GREECE
Authors: KARAOULAS APOSTOLOS
Published: December 2024

Education serves as a cornerstone of social structure, influencing individual development and the collective consciousness of society. This paper focuses on the significance of education in promoting social values, enhancing social mobility, and shaping political culture in modern Greece up to the present day. Through a critical review of existing literature, it analyses the historical reforms of the education system and their impact on social reproduction and inequalities. The study reveals that educational policies and reforms are not isolated from broader political and social conditions. Rather, they are a response to the challenges that the education system faces in its efforts to adapt to ever-changing social needs. There is an urgent need for educational policies that reflect the principles of social justice and equality to build a truly democratic society. Moreover, this work aims to analyze the impact of social inequalities on access to and quality of education, highlighting deficiencies arising from structural inequalities and the need for programs that enhance social cohesion. In this context, innovative approaches to education are proposed, which would allow for overcoming historical inequalities and promoting social change. Finally, the critical importance of education as a driving force for social change is emphasized. It is concluded that ongoing reforms must incorporate a holistic approach that promotes equality and access for all. Only then can a sustainable and just future for Greek society be ensured.
STAKEHOLDERS' PERCEPTIONS OF THE BENEFITS, CHALLENGES STRATEGIES OF IMPLEMENTING CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT IN BUSINESS EDUCATION PROGRAMMES IN SELECTED COLLEGES OF EDUCATION
Authors: OBA RASAK Dr. BOLANTA, , RASHEED O DAUDA, , TUNDE A Dr. AJADI
Published: December 2024

This paper determine stakeholders perception of the benefits, challenges and strategies of implementing continuous assessment in business education programmes in selected Colleges of Education in North Central Nigeria. The objective of the paper was to examining benefits, challenges and strategies of implementing continuous assessment in business education programmes in Colleges of Education. Questionnaire was used for the collection of data while frequency count and percentage was used to analyze the demographic data of the respondents, mean and standard deviation was used to analyze the data collected to answer the research questions, One-way ANOVA was used for the research hypotheses The findings show that benefits of implementing continuous assessment in business education programmes in Colleges of Education needs comprehensive training, Challenges of implementing continuous assessment needs robust infrastructure, Strategies for implementing continuous assessment needs gradual implementation, Recommendations, Government should organize, seminars, conferences and workshop for lecturers on correct implementations of continuous assessment in schools, Maintain ongoing communication with stakeholders to address their concerns and provide updates on the progress and outcomes of the implementation. conducting pilot tests to gather feedback from stakeholders and identify any potential challenges or areas for improvement, Encourage collaboration and engagement among stakeholders, including educators, students, parents, and administrators and Establish mechanisms for monitoring and evaluating the implementation process and outcomes regularly.
IMPORTANCE OF HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE IN NIGERIAN HEALTHCARE EDUCATION AND PRACTICE
Authors: OGUNDEJI BOLARINWA , DESMOND OLAFISOYE OLAWALE
Published: December 2024

History plays a crucial role in understanding and addressing contemporary issues in medicine. Despite its importance, history has been neglected in Nigeria, leading to challenges in statenation building and medicine. This paper explores the relationship between history and medicine, emphasizing the importance of medical history in enhancing patient care, diagnostic accuracy, and treatment efficacy.
Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Yöntemleri ve Firma Performansı
Authors: Abacıoğlu Yeşiltepe Seda , Timor Mehpare
Published: December 2024

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Acoplamiento ventriculoarterial derecho. Un nuevo parámetro en el estudio de la función del ventrículo derecho.
Authors: Gómez de Diego José Juan , García Fernández Miguel Ángel
Published: December 2024

El estudio del ventrículo derecho con el ecocardiograma puede ser todo un reto. El acoplamiento entre el ventrículo derecho y la arteria pulmonar es un parámetro sencillo que permite valorar de forma elegante la carga hemodinámica que soporta el ventrículo derecho en todo tipo de escenarios clínicos. En este artículo revisamos de forma breve cómo se calcula y cómo se interpreta el resultado.
Perforación de la valva anterior y desgarro de la valva posterior asociadas al desprendimiento parcial de un dispositivo mitraclip
Authors: Rivera Hermosillo Julio Cesar , Alanís Naranjo José Martin
Published: December 2024

Para abordar a los pacientes no tratados con insuficiencia mitral (IM) severa y alto riesgo quirúrgico, se introdujo la reparación transcateter de borde a borde (TEER) con mitraclip (MC). La mejora continua del sistema MC permite un tratamiento eficaz incluso en anatomías complejas; sin embargo, cruzar los limites puede conducir a un aumento de los fallos del dispositivo y del procedimiento, y se necesita un intervencionista experimentado para elegir el clip correcto que se adapte a la anatomía individual. El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar las complicaciones tardías asociadas a la implantación de un mitraclip.
Factors Affecting Fraudulent Financial Statements Using Fraud Triangle Analysis (Study of Manufacturing Companies Listed on the Bursa Efek Indonesia)
Authors: Annisa Nada , Kuntadi Cris
Published: December 2024

This research aims to determine the influence of the fraud triangle on the influence of existence financial statement fraud. The factors in the fraud triangle consist of three indicators these include (1) Preasure is proxied by financial targets (ROA) and financial stability (ACchange), (2) Opportunity is proxied by Nature of Industry (Receivable) and Ineffective Monitoring (IND), (3) Rationalization is proxied by Change in auditor (CiA). There are 5 (five) independent variables that are hypothesized to influence financial statement fraud and The dependent variable fraud (F-score) is used to determine the presence of fraudulent reports finance. This research uses a quantitative approach with a sample consisting of 180 people manufacturing companies listed on the Bursa Efek Indonesiafor the observation period 2019 - 2023 using the purposive sampling method and multiple linear analysis using SPSS software version 16. The research results show that the financial stability variable (ACchange) has a positive effect, Nature of Industry (Receivable) has a negative effect, and Ineffective Monitoring (IND), has an effect negative, towards fraudulent financial statements. Meanwhile, the financial target (ROA) and variables change in auditor (CiA), has no effect on fraudulent financial statements in the company manufacturers listed on the Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) for the period 2019 -2023.
Analysis of Payroll Accounting Information Systems at The Ministry of Religious Affairs Office in Surabaya City
Authors: Wulansari Yuli Yanti , Nurromadhoni Dewi , Azhari Muhammad
Published: December 2024

The Surabaya City Ministry of Religion Office is responsible for managing governmental duties in the religious sector. This research aims to analyze how the accounting information system for State Civil Apparatus (ASN) employee payrolls is applied in this office. This study is qualitative in nature, utilizing both primary and secondary data sources. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation to provide a certain challenges remain. Common issues include outdated data in employee decrees and insufficient updates from employees, particularly regarding their children’s education status. The research suggests several improvements, including enhancing human resources involved in the payroll system to facilitate a quicker understanding and application of updated government regulations related to ASN payroll. Additionally, conducting regular training for system users and scheduling routine audits on employee data could improve system efficiency. Improving the payroll accounting information system at the Surabaya Ministry of Religion Office is essential, and one recommendation is to implement a notification system to remind employees to update relevant data, such as decree information and children’s educational status, to maintain data accuracy effectively.