bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Investigation on Exhaustion of SAP ERP Users: Influence of Pace of Change and Technostress
Authors: Roy Prashanta Kumar , Mahmud Imran , Jahan Nusrat , Sadia Farzana
Published: December 2018

Despite recent growing research interest on ERP research, the understanding on ERP induced exhaustion is still limited. This study examines how the pace of change of ERP functionalities and interface causes exhaustion in workplace. For this purpose, we conducted an investigation on 128 ERP users from two different organizations in Bangladesh. We extended theory of technostress by integrating pace of change of ERP system. Result suggests that pace of change on ERP system significantly affect work-overload, work-life conflict and role ambiguity on ERP users. Result also shows that work-overload and role ambiguity are strong predictors for ERP induced exhaustion.
Ideal Node Enquiry Search Algorithm (INESH) in MANETS
Authors: Belgaum Mohammad Riyaz , Soomro Safeeullah , Alansari Zainab , Alam Muhammad
Published: December 2018

The different routing protocols in Mobile Ad hoc Networks take after various methodologies to send the data starting from one node then onto the next. The nodes in the system are non-static and they move arbitrarily and are inclined to interface disappointment which makes dependably to discover new routes to the destination. During the forwarding of packets to the destination, various intermediate nodes take part in routing, where such node should be an ideal node. An algorithm is proposed here to know the ideal node after studying the features of the reactive routing protocols. The malicious node can be eliminated from the networking function and the overhead on the protocol can be reduced. The node chooses the neighbor which can be found in less number of bounces and with less time delay and keeping up the QoS.
Big Data Analytics and Its Applications
Authors: Memon Mashooque A. , Soomro Safeeullah , Jumani Awais K. , Kartio Muneer A.
Published: December 2018

The term, Big Data, has been authored to refer to the extensive heave of data that can't be managed by traditional data handling methods or techniques. The field of Big Data plays an indispensable role in various fields, such as agriculture, banking, data mining, education, chemistry, finance, cloud computing, marketing, health care stocks. Big data analytics is the method for looking at big data to reveal hidden patterns, incomprehensible relationship and other important data that can be utilize to resolve on enhanced decisions. There has been a perpetually expanding interest for big data because of its fast development and since it covers different areas of applications. Apache Hadoop open source technology created in Java and keeps running on Linux working framework was used. The primary commitment of this exploration is to display an effective and free solution for big data application in a distributed environment, with its advantages and indicating its easy use. Later on, there emerge to be a required for an analytical review of new developments in the big data technology. Healthcare is one of the best concerns of the world. Big data in healthcare imply to electronic health data sets that are identified with patient healthcare and prosperity. Data in the healthcare area is developing past managing limit of the healthcare associations and is relied upon to increment fundamentally in the coming years.
Applications of Blockchain Technology beyond Cryptocurrency
Authors: Miraz Mahdi H. , Ali Maaruf
Published: December 2018

Blockchain (BC), the technology behind the Bitcoin crypto-currency system, is considered to be both alluring and critical for ensuring enhanced security and (in some implementations, non-traceable) privacy for diverse applications in many other domains - including in the Internet of Things (IoT) eco-system. Intensive research is currently being conducted in both academia and industry applying the Blockchain technology in multifarious applications. Proof-of-Work (PoW), a cryptographic puzzle, plays a vital rôle in ensuring BC security by maintaining a digital ledger of transactions, which is considered to be incorruptible. Furthermore, BC uses a changeable Public Key (PK) to record the users’ identity, which provides an extra layer of privacy. Not only in cryptocurrency has the successful adoption of BC been implemented but also in multifaceted non-monetary systems such as in: distributed storage systems, proof-of-location, healthcare, decentralized voting and so forth. Recent research articles and projects/applications were surveyed to assess the implementation of BC for enhanced security, to identify associated challenges and to propose solutions for BC enabled enhanced security systems.
Autism Children’s App using PECS
Authors: Soomro Nareena , Soomro Safeeullah
Published: December 2018

Since autistic children suffers from learning disabilities and communication barriers, this research aim to design, develop and evaluate an Android based mobile application (app) providing better learning environment with inclusion of graphical representation in a cost effective manner. This research evaluate various supporting technologies and finds Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) to be better choice for integrating with the app. Evaluation results reveal that the inclusion of PECS helped the children suffering from Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) to better communicate with others. The study included autistic children who do not speak, who are unintelligible and who are minimally effective communicators with their present communication system. The evolution results showed encouraging impacts of the Autism App in supporting autistic children to adapt to normal life and improve the standard of their life.
A Congestion Control System Based on VANET for Small Length Roads
Authors: Jain Ruchin
Published: December 2018

As vehicle population has been increasing on a daily basis, this leads towards increased number of accidents. To overcome this issue, Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) has come up with lot of novel ideas such as vehicular communication, navigation and traffic controlling. In this study, the main focus is on congestion control at the intersections which result from unclear ahead. For this purpose, a city lane and intersection model has been proposed to manage vehicle mobility. It shows the actual vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to traffic infrastructure communication. The experiment was conducted using Network Simulator 2 (NS 2). The implementation required modelling the road side unit, traffic control unit, and on-board unit along the roadside. In the simulation, including traffic volume, the distance between two signals, end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio, throughput and packet lost were taken into consideration. These parameters ensure efficient communication between the traffic signals. This results in improved congestion control and road safety, since the vehicles will be signalled not to enter the junction box and information about other vehicles.
Audio Networking in the Music Industry
Authors: Kuzmics Glebs , Ali Maaruf
Published: December 2018

This paper surveys the rôle of computer networking technologies in the music industry. A comparison of their relevant technologies, their defining advantages and disadvantages; analyses and discussion of the situation in the market of network enabled audio products followed by a discussion of different devices are presented. The idea of replacing a proprietary solution with open-source and freeware software programs has been chosen as the fundamental concept of this research. The technologies covered include: native IEEE AVnu Alliance Audio Video Bridging (AVB), CobraNet®, Audinate Dante™ and Harman BLU Link.
A Comparative Study of Data Mining Algorithms for High Detection Rate in Intrusion Detection System
Authors: Ashraf Nabeela , Ahmad Waqar , Ashraf Rehan
Published: December 2018

Due to the fast growth and tradition of the internet over the last decades, the network security problems are increasing vigorously. Humans can not handle the speed of processes and the huge amount of data required to handle network anomalies. Therefore, it needs substantial automation in both speed and accuracy. Intrusion Detection System is one of the approaches to recognize illegal access and rare attacks to secure networks. In this proposed paper, Naive Bayes, J48 and Random Forest classifiers are compared to compute the detection rate and accuracy of IDS. For experiments, the KDD_NSL dataset is used.
A Novel Approach for Network Attack Classification Based on Sequential Questions
Authors: Onik Md Mehedi Hassan , Al-Zaben Nasr , Hoo Hung Phan , Kim Chul-Soo
Published: December 2018

With the development of incipient technologies, user devices becoming more exposed and ill-used by foes. In upcoming decades, traditional security measures will not be sufficient enough to handle this huge threat towards distributed hardware and software. Lack of standard network attack taxonomy has become an indispensable dispute on developing a clear understanding about the attacks in order to have an operative protection mechanism. Present attack categorization techniques protect a specific group of threat which has either messed the entire taxonomy structure or ambiguous when one network attacks get blended with few others attacks. Hence, this raises concerns about developing a common and general purpose taxonomy. In this study, a sequential question-answer based model of categorization is proposed. In this article, an intrusion detection framework and threat grouping schema are proposed on the basis of four sequential questions (“Who”, “Where”, “How” and “What”). We have used our method for classifying traditional network attacks in order to identify initiator, source, attack style and seriousness of an attack. Another focus of the paper is to provide a preventive list of actions for network administrator as a guideline to reduce overall attack consequence. Recommended taxonomy is designed to detect common attacks rather than any particular type of attack which can have a practical effect in real life attack classification. From the analysis of the classifications obtained from few infamous attacks, it is obvious that the proposed system holds certain benefits related to the prevailing taxonomies. Future research directions have also been well acknowledged.
Stereoscopic Human Detection in a Natural Environment
Authors: Davies Ross , Wilson Ian , Ware Andrew
Published: December 2018

The algorithm presented in this paper is designed to detect people in real-time from 3D footage for use in Augmented Reality applications. Techniques are discussed that hold potential for a detection system when combined with stereoscopic video capture using the extra depth included in the footage. This information allows for the production of a robust and reliable system. To utilise stereoscopic imagery, two separate images are analysed, combined and the human region detected and extracted. The greatest benefit of this system is the second image, which contains additional information to which conventional systems do not have access, such as the depth perception in the overlapping field of view from the cameras. We describe the motivation behind using 3D footage and the technical complexity of human detection. The system is analysed for both indoor and outdoor usage, when detecting human regions. The developed system has further uses in the field of motion capture, computer gaming and augmented reality. Novelty comes from the camera not being fixed to a single point. Instead, the camera is subject to six degrees of freedom (DOF). In addition, the algorithm is designed to be used as a first filter to extract feature points in input video frames faster than real-time.
Intra-building People Localisation Using Personal Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Devices
Authors: Kuzmics Glebs , Ali Maaruf
Published: December 2018

This paper discusses the conceptual implementation of a system to locate people inside buildings using their personal Bluetooth® low energy device(s) in situations of a crisis. Various aspects of BLE technology are covered with regard to their usage for emergency management. Legal, social, ethical and professional issues are also discussed in using this technology, especially in matters of safeguarding information privacy. The plan of the proposed system is then discussed and concluded.
Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL) – A Brief Survey
Authors: Ali Maaruf , Miraz Shayma K.
Published: December 2018

This research article presents a brief survey of language learning applications implemented on mobile computing devices, such as cellular mobile phones. The corpus of the literature show the efficacy and effectiveness of using mobile devices to disseminate, train, retain and improve the linguistic ability of non-native speakers.
Cross-cultural Usability Issues in E/M-Learning
Authors: Miraz Mahdi H. , Ali Maaruf , Excell Peter S.
Published: December 2018

This paper gives an overview of electronic learning (E-Learning) and mobile learning (M-Learning) adoption and diffusion trends, as well as their particular traits, characteristics and issues, especially in terms of cross-cultural and universal usability. E-Learning and M-Learning models using web services and cloud computing, as well as associated security concerns are all addressed. The benefits and enhancements that accrue from using mobile and other internet devices for the purposes of learning in academia are discussed. The differences between traditional classroom-based learning, distance learning, E-Learning and M-Learning models are compared and some conclusions are drawn.
Optimising Differentiated Services Strategies under IMS
Authors: Osei-Aboagye David K. , Excell Peter S.
Published: December 2018

The evolving standards of mobile communications, the wide variety of services they offer and the rapid growth of the Internet have made a merger of the two network technologies inevitable. One of the most prominent platforms that has been developed to facilitate this is the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) concept. Many mobile communications standards integrate IMS as the main core network architecture and Quality of Service (QoS) is the main concern for customer satisfaction. A major approach to optimisation of QoS is the Differentiated Services scheme, and a simulation study of implementations of this is presented. The study covered an IMS core network architecture modelled with discrete-event network simulator software, with a Differentiated Services QoS scheme run over it with differing bearer traffic scenarios. Implications for core network architectures are discussed.
A Survey of Distributed Certificate Authorities in MANETs
Authors: Chaudhry Junaid , Saleem Kashif , Haskell-Dowland Paul , Miraz Mahdi H.
Published: December 2018

A Certificate Authority (CA) provides the critical authentication and security services for Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) which are used for the Internet and wired networks. In MANETs (wireless and ad hoc) there is an inability to offer a centralized CA to provide these security services. Recent research has looked to facilitate the use of CAs within MANETs through the use of a Distributed Certificate Authority (DCA) for wireless and ad hoc networks. This paper presents a number of different types of DCA protocols and categorizes them into groups based on their factors and specifications. The paper concludes by proposing the best DCA security services in terms of performance and level of security
A Technique to Measure Students’ Mental Approach using Web and Game Based E-Learning Application
Authors: Jumani Awais K. , Memon Mashooque A. , Kartio Muneer A.
Published: December 2018

With the advent of E-Learning (Electronic Learning) and M-Learning (Mobile Learning), many educational software or tools have been developed, a major part of which are game-based applications. Even though, most of which are freely available on the web, there are only few intuitions make practical and effective use of these learning applications. Because these applications utilises various elements of multimedia such as audio, video, image and animation, they help visualise the learning materials and hence have higher span of at attention. To investigate the effect of web and game based E-Learning and M-Learning, an experiment was conducted amongst the students of three different schools in Pakistan and the results were analysed. The results of our research reveal that utilisation of such web and game based learning tools are much more effective compared to the traditional teaching methods without applying any ICT (Information and Communication Technology) tools.
Hardening CISCO Devices based on Cryptography and Security Protocols - Part One: Background Theory
Authors: Waheed Faisal , Ali Maaruf
Published: December 2018

Network Security is a vital part of any corporate and enterprise network. Network attacks greatly compromise not only the sensitive data of the consumers but also cause outages to these networks. Thus inadequately protected networks need to be “hardened”. The hardening of network devices refers to the hardware and software components, device operating system’s features, management controls, access-list restrictions, operational configurations and above all making sure that the data and credentials are not stored or transferred in ‘plaintext’ over the network. This article investigates the use of cryptography and network protocols based on encryption, to meet the need for essential security requirements. Use of non-secure protocols, underrating and misconfigurations of management protection are reasons behind network devices not properly being hardened; hence leaving vulnerabilities for the intruders. The gap identified after conducting intense search and review of past work is used as the foundation to present solutions. When performing cryptography techniques by encrypting packets using tunnelling and security protocols, management level credentials are encrypted. These include password encryption and exceptional analysis of the emulated IOS (Internetwork Operating System). Necessary testing is carried out to evaluate an acceptable level of protection of these devices. In a virtual testing environment, security flaws are found mainly in the emulated IOS. The discoveries does not depend on the hardware or chassis of a networking device. Since routers primarily rely on its Operating System (OS), attackers focus on manipulating the command line configuration before initiating an attack. Substantial work is devoted to implementation and testing of a router based on Cryptography and Security Protocols in the border router. This is deployed at the core layer and acts as the first point of entry of any trusted and untrusted traffic. A step-by-step hardening approach is adopted to secure the proposed network framework’s border router. Encrypted services coupled with best practice configurations are implemented and tested in an emulated environment. The use of protocol analysers, CISCO Configuration Professional’s Audit and penetration testing tools corroborated the success of the project.
The British Electronics and Computing Industries: Past, Present and Future
Authors: Excell Peter S.
Published: December 2018

A brief review of key milestones in the development of the British Electronics and Computing industries is presented, together with some thoughts about future directions.
Hardening CISCO Devices based on Cryptography and Security Protocols - Part II: Implementation and Evaluation
Authors: Waheed Faisal , Ali Maaruf
Published: December 2018

This second part covers the implementation, testing, critical evaluation, conclusion and further study. It concentrates on the actual implementation details of hardening of network devices by referring to the hardware and software components, device operating system’s features, management controls, access-list restrictions, operational configurations and critically making sure that the data and credentials are not stored or transferred in ‘plaintext’ over the network by detailed testing and evaluation. It investigates the commands used to enable cryptography and network protocols based on encryption, in order to meet the need for essential security requirements. Substantial work is devoted to the command line details and testing of a router based on Cryptography and Security Protocols in the border router. A step-by-step hardening approach is detailed using the commands used to secure the proposed network framework’s border router. Encrypted services coupled with best practice configurations are explained and tested in an emulated environment. The use of protocol analysers, CISCO Configuration Professional’s Audit and penetration testing tools corroborated the success of the project.
Sensor Networks Attacks Classifications and Mitigation
Authors: Daia Ahmed S. Abu , Ramadan Rabie A. , Fayek Magda B.
Published: December 2018

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are exposed to many security attacks, and it can be easily compromised. One of the main reasons for these vulnerabilities is the deployment nature, where sensor nodes are deployed without physical guarding duty. That makes the network susceptible to physical attacks. The communication nature between sensor nodes is another reason, where intruders can easily send/receive information if they are located in the network communication range. In this paper, most of the possible WSN attacks are discussed, different security services expected in WSN are explained, and trust-based solutions proposed in the literature are listed. Moreover, the state-of-the-art of the attacks’ mitigation and avoidance techniques are presented. Besides, this paper is enriched with a new classification of the WSNs attacks regarding attacks’ characteristics. It will be beneficial to researchers in the field of WSNs security if they can distinguish between different attacks that have common characteristics.
Potentials of Internet of Things (IoT) in Malaysian Construction Industry
Authors: Mahmud Syamsul H. , Assan Laromi , Islam Rashidul
Published: December 2018

IoT is a man-made technology conceptualized by intelligent virtual objects, which capable of knowing all things and allows the devices around themselves to interact automatically without human control. Every year, the number of IoT devices usage is exponentially increasing and estimated as much as 75.44 billion devices will be connected in IoT network. In line with the expansion of the IoT network, the construction industry should take into consideration as otherwise the construction industry will be left behind by other industries. This is because the construction industry should utilize the applications offered by IoT to ensure the smoothness of the construction industry in the project. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify the types of IoT applications used in the construction industry in Malaysia. The research method used to identify the types of IoT applications used is through the questionnaire method. The questionnaire was analysed using nominal analysis. A study was conducted on construction industry players which comprising of government agencies, developers, architects, engineers, quantity surveyors and class G7 contractors covering all states in Malaysia. The findings show that among the many types of IoT applications used by construction industry players are social media such as WhatsApp, Telegram and Facebook for discussion and communication purposes, the use of email for information and communication exchange and website usage as a source of reference to obtain data on company profiles, acts and policy, price quotes and so on.
Inherent Flaws in Login Systems of Facebook and Twitter with Mobile Numbers
Authors: Mangnejo Jawaid A. , Khuhawar Arif R. , Kartio Muneer A. , Soomro Saima S.
Published: December 2018

There are many social networking websites that provide online networking opportunities; all of these platforms require creating an account, then logging in and updating information to maintain a profile. Our research investigates mobile number based log in feature of both Facebook and Twitters - two exemplary social networking sites – for degree of seamlessness and other security features. Our research reveals that there are major dissimilarities as well as flaws in the deployment of mobile number based login on these two platforms. It has been observed that Twitter allows creation of multiple accounts using one single mobile number, however, logging out from one such account automatically logs out all other accounts associated with the same number. On the contrary, Facebook allows creation of multiple accounts using one single mobile number without deactivation of the previously created ones, however, if same password is used for more than one accounts associated with the same number, only one account can be accessed at any given time. This paper also provides probable solutions to address the security loopholes as identified by our research.
Facile synthesis of oriented zinc oxide seed layer for the hydrothermal growth of zinc oxide nanorods
Authors: Farhad SFU , Tanvir NI , Bashar MS , Hossain MS , Sultana M , Khatun N
Published: December 2018

Oriented zine oxide (ZnO) seed layers were deposited by simple drop casting of zinc acetate dihydrate (ZAD) solution on glass substrates at room temperature followed by a post-heat treatment at 250 oC. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses revealed that ZAD solutions with concentration 0.0025 – 0.0100 M produced amorphous type thin films, whereas 0.0200 M ZAD solutions produced ZnO seed layers with a preferential c-axis texturing.The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyses evident that the morphology of ZnO seed layer surface is compact and coherently carpets the underlying glass substrate. ZnO nanorods were then grown by hydrothermal method atop the ZnO seeded and non-seeded substrates. The presence of ZnO seeding layers was found to be beneficial for growing ZnO NRs films vertically. The optical bandgap of ZnO seed and ZnO NR were estimated to be in the range of 3.40 – 3.95 eV and 3.20 – 3.25 eV respectively by using UV-VIS-NIR diffuse reflection spectroscopy. The room temperature photoluminescence analyses revealed that nanostructured ZnO films exhibit a sharp near-band-edge luminescence peak at ~380 nm consistent with the estimated optical band gap and the ZnO nanorod arrays are notably free from defect-related green-yellow emission peaks.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.53(4), 233-244, 2018
Effects of drying pattern on aflatoxin in stored paddy rice
Authors: Masood S , Nisa Alim Un , Hina S , Ahmad I
Published: December 2018

This study was done to evaluate the impact of drying pattern on the accumulation of aflatoxin in paddy rice during storage. Two drying pattern includes, 1) single step drying to reduced the moisture content of paddy rice 11-12 % within 6 hours and stored for long time; and 2) two steps drying to reduce the moisture up to 18%, in its first step and stored for short term (2 weeks) and in the second step, dried again to reduce the moisture content up to 11-12% and stored for longer time, with twenty five different paddy rice samples having moisture content ranging from 24-22 % were evaluated for the accumulation of aflatoxins in paddy rice during storage. In addition, this study also evaluated the best drying method that can control the accumulation of aflatoxin during prolong storage. The study results revealed that one step drying is safer than that of two steps drying in accumulating aflatoxins in paddy rice during 210 days of storage. The maximum total aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1,G2) was recorded as 27 ppb in paddy rice sample in two steps drying process, on the other hand, non-detectable level or <10 ppb level of aflatoxins was recorded in all the 25 paddy rice s amples analyzed.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.53(4), 253-258, 2018
Effect of arsenic on Amaranthus gangeticus
Authors: Hossain MZ , Dey Sushmita , Islam MS
Published: December 2018

Groundwater arsenic contamination has become a threat to the crop production potential in the soils of vast areas of Bangladesh. Situation is grave in some districts of the country, particularly the southern part. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of arsenic treated irrigation water (0, 1, 2, 5 and 10 mgL-1), where a total of ten (10) irrigations were provided thus the treatments received 0, 10, 20, 50, and 100 mg arsenic (As) pot-1. Effects of applied levels of arsenic on Amaranthus gangeticus (Lal shak) were evaluated in terms of the growth, yield, major nutrients’ content, and their translocation in the plant. As treatments significantly reduced (p≤0.05) the dry weight of shoot and root by 19.31% and 44.03% respectively. Both total and available concentrations of nitrogen (N), potassium (K) and sulfur (S) were significantly (p≤ 0.05) suppressed by the As treatments, while only higher three doses significantly (p≤ 0.05) affected both levels of concentrations of phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg). Translocation coefficients for soil to root for P, K, S, and Mg were significantly reduced (p≤ 0.05), while translocation coefficients for root to shoot were significantly increased (p≤ 0.05) for K and S by 5 and 10 mgL-1 of arsenic treatments.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.53(4), 259-264, 2018
Antioxidant properties of Ageratum conyzoides L. Asteraceae leaves
Authors: Adetuyi FO , Karigidi KO , Akintimehin ES , Adeyemo ON
Published: December 2018

In vitro antioxidative and anti-lipid peroxidative properties of aqueous and methanol extracts of Ageratum conyzoides leaves were studied in controlling erectile dysfunction caused by oxidative stress. Methanol extract gave a significantly (P ˂ 0.05) higher content of total phenolic (61.4 mgGAE/g), total flavonoid (42.2 mgQE/g), ascorbic (10.1 mgAAE/100g) and phosphomolybdate (45.8 mgAAE/g) than the aqueous extract. The result showed that the extracts have high antioxidant activities. However, the methanol extract showed a higher DPPH and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities over aqueous extract but the aqueous extract had a higher reducing power. The methanol extract exhibited a greater inhibition against lipid peroxidation induced by Fe2+ in rat pancreas and penile tissue homogenate exemplified by their least IC50 (94.21 μg/ml in pancreas) and (75.95 μg/mL in penile tissue) while in rat brain homogenate the aqueous extract exhibited a greater inhibition against lipid peroxidation induced by Fe2+ with least IC50 of 91.74 μg/mL. Hence, these extracts can be used as a potent natural antioxidant against free radicals and as a natural source of combating erectile dysfunction caused by oxidative stress. The extracts of Ageratum conyzoides leaves could be useful therapeutically as erectogenic agent.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.53(4), 265-276, 2018
In vitro micropropagation of Jasminum grandiflorum L.
Authors: Rahman Md S , Mouri NJ , Nandi NC , Akter S , Khan Md S
Published: December 2018

An efficient protocol was developed for in vitro plant regeneration of Jasminum grandiflorum L. The highest elongated shoots (60%) were achieved from axillary meristems using MS (Murashige and Skoog ) basal medium supplemented with 1 mg/l 6-benzyladenine (BAP) and 60 mg/l coconut water. After adding 1.0 mg/l BAP and 45 mg/l coconut water in the culture medium, the highest rate of shoot proliferation was exhibited after 4 weeks of culture. Rooting was found within 14-23 days after the cut end of shoots was soaked in 1.5 mg/l IBA solution for 3-7 minutes. The regenerated healthy rooted plantlets were transferred to small plastic pot containing garden soil and compost in a ratio of 2:1. Maximum (75%) in vitro rooted plants were survived in the shade house and finally survived naturally in soil condition. The successful protocol for in vitro regeneration was developed which will facilitate the conservation and propagation of the important medicinal plant.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.53(4), 277-282, 2018
Integrated humification of poultry waste
Authors: Mushtaq Maryam , Iqbal MK , Nadeem A , Khan RA
Published: December 2018

In this study effects of adding chemical and microbial agents in the humification process of poultry wastes were carried out. Chemicals and microbes play a vital role to accelerate the humification process. Salmonella and lime were applied individually to observe the variation in maturity and stability parameters like degree of polymerization (DP), C/N, humification rate (HR), humification index (HI), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and nitrate nitrogen concentration of the humified poultry wastes. Thus it was acclaimed that the microorganisms Salmonella encourage the compost formation where as humification with lime proceeded relatively with a lesser time than Salmonella. Furthermore, the decline in carbon and nitrogen ratio and increase in CEC, DP, HR, HI, potassium and phosphorous were recognized in a higher scale in chemically treated wastes compared to that of microbial one. It was concluded that use of chemicals reduce the quantum of waste in minimum time.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.53(4), 283-288, 2018
Effects of inorganic and organic nutrients combindly used on yield and quality of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Seran Thayamini H
Published: December 2018

This experiment was done to study the effects of combined use of inorganic and organic nutrients on yield and quality of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Treatment were full doses of NPK fertilizers (N:P2O5:K2O @ 16:45:45 kg/ha) alone, Farmyard manure (FYM) @ 15 ton/ha alone and half doses of NPK fertilizers with FYM @ 7.5 ton/ha as basal application with or without N @14 kg/ha as top dressing. The results show that highest seed yield (2558.02 kg/ha) was obtained in NPK @ 22.0:22.5:22.5 kg/ha plus FYM @ 7.5 ton/ha followed by FYM @15 ton/ha with N @ 14 kg/ha (2521.98 kg/ha). The highest protein (29.9 g) and oil (45.6%) contents were recorded in plot treated with FYM alone. It can be concluded that when compared to the standard control, NPK fertilizers @ 22.0:22.5:22.5 kg/ha with FYM @ 7.5 ton/ha gave higher seed yield as well as protein (28.8 g) and oil (38%) contents with less environmental impact.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.53(4), 289-296, 2018
Mulches enhanced growth and yield of onion
Authors: Rachel MG , Mondal MMA , Pramanik MHR , Awal MA
Published: December 2018

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of mulches on soil nutrients and microclimate status, growth and bulb yield of onion cv. Taherpuri. The experiment was comprised of six mulches viz., i) Control (no mulch), ii) Black polythene sheet, iii) White polythene sheet, iv) Rice straw, v) Water hyacinth and vi) Saw dust. Application of different mulches improved soil microclimates, increased plant growth and bulb yield over control. Among the mulches, black polythene mulch showed superiority in growth and yield contributing characters compared to other mulches, resulting the highest bulb yield.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.53(4), 305-310, 2018
Effect of germination on biochemical changes in high yielding barley (Hordium vulgare L.) varieties
Authors: Rahman MM , Salam SS Binte , Shahjadee U Fatema , Rupa A Zerin , Rahman M Mashiar , Azad A Kalam
Published: December 2018

The effect of germination was evaluated on the nutritional properties and enzyme activities of three barley (Hordium vulgare L.) varieties namely BARI Barley-4, BARI Barley-5 and BARI Barley-7 produced by Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI). The nutritional compositions and enzymatic activities (α-amylase and protease) in both raw and germinated seeds were changed gradually with germination period. Protein content of germinated seeds for BB-4, BB-5 and BB-7 was recorded as 13.65%, 14.34% and 13.95% respectively. Maximum increase of protein was 20.81% for BB-5 at 48 hours of germination. Gradual decrease was observed at 72 hours of germination and maximum decrease was 7.66% for BB-5 but protein content was higher than non germinated seeds. Enzyme activity of α-amylase and protease showed the results 2.20 U/g BB-5 and 1.16 U/g BB-4. Highest increase of α-amylase and protease activity were found 125.53% for BB-7 and 107.55% for BB-5 at 48 hours of germination. The highest amount of total and reducing sugar was 12.58% for BB-5 and 1.97% for BB-7 respectively at 72 hours of germination. The maximum increase of total sugar was 240.00% and in reducing sugar it was 79.09% for BB-5 and BB-7 respectively. Highest calcium, phosphorus and iron contents were 39.70 (mg/100g), 273.91 (mg/100g) and 8.37 (mg/100g) for BB-4 and BB-7 respectively. The maximum increases of calcium and iron contents were 33.26% and 85.58% for BB-4 and BB-7 respectively at 48 hours of germination. Germinated barley seeds contain more protein with other easily digestible biomolecule than non germinated seeds.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.53(4), 311-318, 2018
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples from a Nigerian bitumen seepage: Gas chromatography- mass spectrometry quantification
Authors: Itodo AU , Sha’Ato R , Arowojolu MI
Published: December 2018

Bitumen exploration was flagged off at Irele, a Nigerian field in 2003. The relationship between the seepage pollutants and receiving water bodies is the focus of this study. We hereby present the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) level in two categories of bitumen contaminated waters; source (RS) and delivery (RD) points. Results were compared with uncontaminated water (RC) as control experiment. The PAHs were extracted by Liquid-Liquid extraction using dichloromethane and analyzed by Gas chromatography with mass spectrometer detector (GC-MS). The mean concentration of PAHs was 8.39, 3.93 and 0.57 ppb for source, delivery point and control respectively. The Benzo[e]pyrene concentrations obtained were higher than 1-10 ppb in most samples, indicating anthropogenic and petrogenic sources of the pollutants. Most of the PAH concentrations obtained were within natural concentrations, However, Benzo (e) pyrene and Indenol (1, 2, 3 – cd) pyrene exceeded the expected limit. The predominance of 4-6 member ring showed that the PAHs were more of pyrolytic than mixed sources. Method validation gave the Limit of Detection (LOD) and Limit of Quantification values in the range of 0.03-0.12 and 0.10-0.61 respectively. The Pearson product moment correlation (PPMC) coefficient (r) was used to determine the interactions of the PAHs detected with parametric factors. All the physicochemical parameters studied except pH shows positive correlation. Statistical test at P <0.05 indicated that the difference in PAHs concentrations is not significant when compared with maximum acceptable PAHs concentration (MAC) for water, which is an indication that the water is safe.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.53(4), 319-326, 2018
Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Evaluation of the Etiology of Non-Traumatic Myelopathies in Bangladesh: A Hospital-based Observational Cross-sectional Study from Two Tertiary Care Centers of Dhaka
Authors: Haleem Mohammad Aftab , Islam Mohammad Shahidul , Quraishi Firoz Ahmed , Hossain Shakhawat , Gosh LC , Wadud Md Saheen , Mohammed Shoab Abul Kalam
Published: December 2018

Background: Non-traumatic myelopathies has several etiologies.Objectives: The aim of the study was to see the etiology of non-traumatic myelopathy based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes in the context of Bangladesh.Methodology: Patients clinically diagnosed as non-traumatic myelopathy in the department of neurology of Sir Salimullah Medical College and Hospital (SSMCH), and in the inpatient wards of the National Institute of Neurosciences (NINS), considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled as the study population from May 2014 to December 2015. Age, gender, clinical presentations and type of lesion based on MRI changes were collected. All the data were analyzed statistically.Results: Total 100 cases satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria in this study. Among them, there were 62 males and 38 females with a male to female ratio of 1.63:1. The mean age was found to be (mean ± SD) 45.80 ±15.28 with age ranges from 15 to 74 years. The highest number of patients (26.0%) was in the age group 51-60 years, followed by 24% patients in the age group 31-40 years. Based on MRI scan, most common etiologies that commonly diagnosed are cervical spondylotic myelopathy (31%), transverse myelitis (26%), primary spinal tumour (13%), spinal tuberculosis(12%), spinal metastatic disease (12%), and unclassified (6%). MRI scan also detect the common sites of involvements of these causes.Conclusion: In this study cervical spondylotic myelopathy, transverse myelitis, and spinal tuberculosis are the most common cause of non-traumatic myelopathy in the context of Bangladesh.Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2018;4(2): 87-91
Changing Disease profile of medical inpatients on the first post admission day of a Tertiary Care hospital
Authors: Bala Chandra Shekhar , Biswas Sarmistha , Sarkar Md Mahfuze , Sarkar Prodip Kumar , Chowdhury Joybayer Anam , Ahasan HAM Nazmul
Published: December 2018

Background: Population demography of the world including Bangladesh is on transition. The increasing number of elderly persons has a direct impact on the demand for health services due to the consequent rise in degenerative diseases of aging and changing life style.Objective: The objective was to know the disease pattern of the geriatric group of medical inpatients on the first post admission day.Methodology: This was a cross sectional observational study. It was conducted in the wards of Medicine department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital from the 1st of March to 15th March, 2016.Results: Total 552 patients admitted in the study period. Of them 286 patients were male (51.8%) and 266 were female (48.2%). 176 patients (31.88%) were over the age of 60 years. Median age of the admitted patients is 44.5 years. In geriatric age group regardless of primary diagnosis 78(44.32%) patients had diabetes, 103(58.52%) cases were hypertensive; 31(17.61%) cases were ischemic heart diseases; 26(14.77%) cases were chronic kidney disease, 24(13.64%) cases were presented with stroke; another 24(13.64%) cases were suffering from COPD.Conclusion: In conclusion most common geriatric diseases are diabetes mellitus, hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, and chronic kidney disease.Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2018;4(2): 113-115
Pattern of Skin Diseases in Patients Attending OPD of Dermatology and Venereology in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Alahi Mohammad Niamat , Hossain Md Anowar , Mohammad Abu Sayeed
Published: December 2018

Background: Skin diseases account for a higher proportion of outpatient department in developing countries including Bangladesh.Objective: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the pattern of skin diseases in patients attending OPD of Dermatology and venereology in a tertiary care hospital.Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the outpatient department of medical college hospital of Kishoreganj in Bangladesh from 2013 to 2016 for a period of four (4) years. All the patients at any age and sex who were attended in the OPD of the hospital selected as study population. Only newly diagnosed cases were included in the study. The socio-demographic profiles and diseases pattern were recorded in a data sheet. Diagnosis was made on clinical basis by expert dermatologist. Lab investigations were restricted to the cases where it carried diagnostic importance.Result: A total number of 119228 patients (near about 82/day) were recruited for this study. Out of them 57825 (48.5%) cases were male and 61403 (51.5%) cases were female. Infective diseases were more common than non-infective diseases which were (65409; 54.9%) and (53819; 45.1%) cases respectively. In cases of infective diseases; parasitic, fungal, bacterial, viral, sexually transmitted infection and other nonspecific infections were 20408(31.2%), 17464(26.7%), 12166(18.6%), 8503(13.0%), 3597(5.5%) and 3271(5.0%) respectively. Out of 20408 parasitic diseases of which 20061(98.3%) cases were scabies and 1347(1.7%) cases were pediculosis. Out of 17464 fungal diseases tinea capitis, tinea corporis, tinea cruris, candidiasis, onychomycosis and pityriasis versicolor were found in 2655(15.2%) cases, 3737(21.4%) cases, 3423(19.6%) cases, 3127(17.9%) cases, 1031(5.9%) cases and 3492(20.0%) cases respectively. Out of 12166 bacterial diseases Impetigo was found in 4745(39.0%) cases, pyoderma in 4282(35.2%) cases, folliculitis in 3103(25.5%) cases, leprosy in 24(0.2%) cases and skin TB in 12(0.1%) cases. Among the viral diseases verruca was found in 4056(47.7%) cases. In case of non-infective diseases, eczema, papulo-squamous disease, acne, urticarial, drug reaction, vitiligo, chronic arsenicosis, neoplastic skin disorder, genodermatoses and others were 16953(31.5%), 9903( 18.4%),7696( 14.3%), 8019( 14.9%), 4682( 8.7%), 2099( 3.9%), 269(0.5%), 161(0.3%), 431(0.8%) and 3606( 6.7%) respectively.Conclusion: In conclusion, we found that a huge burden of skin diseases are present in the OPD. Infective skin diseases mostly bacterial and parasitic still predominant in Bangladesh though it is less frequent in developed countries.Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2018;4(2): 116-122
Age Related Change of Inner Diameter of Ampulla of Fallopian Tube in Bangladeshi Female Cadaver
Authors: Hena Hasna , Ara Shamim , Qasim Rubina , Siddiqua Dilruba , Johora Fatema , Perven Hosna Ara
Published: December 2018

Background: The fallopian tubes act as conduit for spermatozoa to reach the oocyte and to convey the fertilized (egg) to enter the uterine cavity following fertilization. Problems with the fallopian tubes can lead to infertility. Detailed morphological and histological knowledge is essential for the diagnosis and management of fallopian tube disease.Objective: The purpose of the present study was to identify the inner diameter of ampulla of the fallopian tube and its changes with advancing age.Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy at Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2008 to June 2009 for a period of one (01) year. This present study was performed on post mortem fallopian tubes of Bangladeshi female. Among them lowest age was 12 years and highest age was 50 years. Samples were divided into three differential age groups named asgroup A (10 to 13 years), group B (14 to 45 years), and group C (46 to 50 years). All samples were studied morphologically and histologically.Results: The mean inner diameter of the ampulla of the right and left fallopian tubes ranged from 1.99±0.08 to 3.24±0.27 mm. The difference between all the groups were statistically significant (p < 0.001).Conclusion: The mean difference of the inner diameter of the ampulla of the right and left fallopian tubesbetween groupA and groupB and groupB and groupC were statistically significant; however, there was no significant difference between right and left fallopian tube.Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2018;4(2): 137-140
Juvenile Metachromatic Leukodystrophy: A Case Report from Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin Mohammad Ala , Islam Ariful , Hoque SK Azimul , Saha Narayan
Published: December 2018

Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is the neurometabolic disease caused by deficiency of enzyme arylsulfatase a resulting in deficiency of sulfatide degradation. The responsible gene is arylsulfatase A gene and is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. MLD is characterized by three clinical subtypes, defined primarily by age at presentation such as late infantile MLD, juvenile MLD, adult onset MLD. Here we report a case of Juvenile form of MLD that was identified by means of typical history, clinical findings and supported by nerve conduction study, typical MRI of brain findings and confirmed by enzyme assay.Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2018;4(2): 154-157