bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insécurité et sentiment d’insécurité à Bruxelles
Authors: Mincke Christophe
Published: January 2017

Alors que les questions de sécurité ont à nouveau envahi l’agenda politico-médiatique ces derniers mois et que Bruxelles a été décrite comme la ville de tous les dangers, force est de constater que très peu d’attention a été accordée aux outils permettant d’évaluer rationnellement la situation vécue par les Bruxellois.Le présent texte consiste en une analyse partielle d’un de ces outils : le Moniteur de sécurité 2008, dernier en date. Quelles sont les infractions les plus rapportées par les Bruxellois interrogés ? Quels pourcentages de la population sont-ils touchés ? Les Bruxellois se sentent-ils insécurisés ? Telles sont quelques-unes des questions auxquelles nous tenterons d’apporter un début de réponse. Début de réponse seulement, d’une part, parce que les questions d’insécurité et de sentiment d’insécurité requièrent la plus grande prudence et, d’autre part, parce que le Moniteur de sécurité présente des limitations telles qu’il est malheureusement impossible de décrire précisément la situation de Bruxelles en matière d’insécurité. Où l’on se demande pourquoi Bruxelles ne semble pas être une échelle d’analyse pertinente pour les questions de sécurité.
Insecurity and the feeling of insecurity in Brussels
Authors: Mincke Christophe
Published: January 2017

Whilst security issues have once again invaded the political and media agenda these past months, with Brussels being described as a dangerous city, we are forced to recognise that very little attention has been given to the tools which allow a rational evaluation of the situation experienced by the inhabitants of Brussels. The present article consists in a partial analysis of one of these tools, namely the latest Security monitor, published in 2008. Which offences were reported most by the in-habitants of Brussels who were interviewed? What percentage of the population is affected? Do the inhabitants of Brussels feel insecure? These are some of the questions which we shall try to answer.But our answers are just a beginning, on the one hand because questions regarding insecurity and the feeling of insecurity require the utmost caution and, on the other, because the Security monitor has limitations, such as not being able to provide a precise description of the situation in Brussels in terms of insecurity. One therefore wonders why there does not appear to be a pertinent scale of analysis for Brussels as regards security issues.
Diversity at school as a lever for success?
Authors: Lenel Emmanuelle
Published: January 2017

This article examines the democratic ideal of diversity in the broad sense, in the field of education. Based on two case studies of schools in Brussels which meet the challenges of diversity in Brussels in two very different ways, the author uses ethnographic data to put universalist and communitarianist integration models into perspective. She attempts to show that these two types of school do not simply constitute an ethical and philosophical alternative, but that they contribute to shaping different students. Beyond their impact on educational success and segregation, each model of school favours the three logics differently – strategies for success, integration and personal growth – which students must combine within the school environment.
Kuregem: van afbraak naar herwaardering
Authors: Sacco Muriel
Published: January 2017

Dit artikel handelt over de veranderingen waartoe het nieuwe overheidsbeleid voor de herwaardering van de « achtergestelde » wijken de aanzet heeft gegeven. De analyse van de wijkcontracten voor Kuregem verschaft meer inzicht in de manier waarop de bestaande context zijn stempel op de institutionele vernieuwing drukt en in de wijze waarop een nieuw overheidsbeleid het politieke handelen stuurt. Met de invoering van de wijkcontracten zijn de gemeentelijke overheden van Anderlecht overgegaan van een afbraakproject naar een herwaarderingsproject voor Kuregem. Die overgang verliep evenwel geleidelijk. Bij het begin van de uitvoering van de wijkcontracten voor Kuregem was de gemeente passief en onverschillig ten gevolge van haar politieke en administratieve cultuur en haar gebrek aan betrokkenheid bij het nieuwe project. Dankzij een gedeeltelijke wijziging van het lokale politieke landschap en de leerprocessen in het kader van de wijkcontracten werden de doelstellingen van het gewestelijk beleid gerealiseerd. Het geval Kuregem toont aldus aan dat lokale actoren een cruciale rol spelen bij het uitvoeren van het overheidsbeleid.
Zijn gevoelens van discriminatie mede oorzaak van rellen in Brussel?
Authors: Vandezande Véronique , Phalet Karen , Swyngedouw Marc
Published: January 2017

In september 2009 en begin 2010 escaleerden samenlevingsproblemen in bepaalde wijken van het Brusselse. Vormen subjectieve gevoelens van discriminatie hiertoe een voedingsbodem? We bestuderen hoe wijd verspreid de percepties van discriminatie zijn bij de Belgische jongeren van Turkse en Marokkaanse origine van de 2e generatie, welke contexten van discriminatie men onderscheidt en wie van hen het meest discriminatie percipieert. Blijft deze perceptie bijvoorbeeld inderdaad beperkt tot de zogenaamde “probleemjongeren”, of worden dergelijke ervaringen ruimer gedeeld binnen de groepen? Om de situatie in het BHG te kunnen contextualiseren, vergelijken we met dezelfde gevoelens in dezelfde groepen in de stad Antwerpen. We concluderen dat de structuur van de gepercipieerde groepsdiscriminatie gelijkaardig in Brussel en Antwerpen en dit zowel voor de 2e generatie Belgen van Marokkaanse als Turkse origine. Er is geen verschil in niveau van ervaren groepdiscriminatie. Alleen de gepercipieerde groepsdiscriminatie in de publieke ruimte is hoger in Antwerpen. Het niveau van de gepercipieerde groepsdiscriminatie in de contacten met de politie verschilt dus niet significant in beide onderzochte steden. De confrontaties met de politie nemen in Brussel wel een sterkere plaats in het latente concept dan in Antwerpen.
Economische groei zonder sociale vooruitgang: stand van zaken in Brussel
Authors: Van Hamme Gilles , Wertz Isaline , Biot Valérie
Published: January 2017

Dit artikel bestudeert de economische en sociale evoluties van Brussel in de laatste twee decennia. Ondanks een gunstige economische conjunctuur in die periode, blijft de sociale situatie verslechteren met werkloosheidscijfers die steeds hoger liggen en met sociale ongelijkheden die almaar toenemen. Hoewel zulks ook het geval is in de andere Belgische grote steden, is die situatie meer uitgesproken in Brussel. Dat wordt verklaard door een veelvoud van dynamische factoren, waaronder de almaar hogere opleidingseisen die aan de arbeidskrachten worden gesteld en die laagopgeleiden uitsluiten van de arbeidsmarkt. Die evolutie wordt nog versterkt door de ruimtelijke concentratie van kansarme bevolkingsgroepen, die zeer groot is in Brussel. Het artikel sluit af met de vraag of het Gewest wel een pertinent beleid voert, daar het de nadruk legt op de internationale positionering van Brussel.
De Brusselse bevolking: een demografische doorlichting
Authors: Deboosere Patrick , Eggerickx Thierry , Van Hecke Etienne , Wayens Benjamin
Published: January 2017

Het Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest omvat 19 gemeenten op een oppervlakte van 161,4 km2. Het gewest vormt de kern van een veel bredere morfologische agglomeratie die in het totaal 36 gemeenten telt en een totale bevolking van meer dan anderhalf miljoen inwoners. Het officieel bevolkingsaantal van het Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest bedroeg op 1 januari 2008 1 048 491 inwoners. De Brusselse bevolking is de jongste van het land met een gemiddelde leeftijd van 37,8 jaar in 2006. De demografische ontwikkeling van Brussel is in de afgelopen anderhalve eeuw altijd sterk gedomineerd geweest door migratie. Dit is vandaag niet anders. De laatste jaren heeft de hoofdstad een bevolkingsgroei gekend en zoals alle grote Europese steden is de samenstelling van de bevolking sterk beïnvloed door internationalisering. De laatste volkstelling (socio-economische enquête van 2001) laat toe om rekening te houden met de nationaliteit van oorsprong. Volgens dit criterium telde Brussel 45 verschillende nationaliteitsgroepen met minstens 1 000 bewoners. Sindsdien is de samenstelling verder gediversifieerd en is er een toename van de bevolking afkomstig uit landen van de Europese Unie. Het Gewest is gekenmerkt door een duidelijke ruimtelijke differentiatie tussen de armere wijken, gemengde buurten en de welvarende stadsdelen. De basisstructuur van die ruimtelijke segregatie naar sociaal-economische status heeft diepe historische wortels en kent een vrij grote inertie. Maar de komst van nieuwe bewoners, grote bouwwerven in een aantal wijken, speculatie en stijgende woonprijzen veranderen stilaan de bevolkingssamenstelling in sommige wijken. We overlopen hieronder kort de belangrijkste demografische tendensen die de samenstelling van de stad in de nabije decennia mee zullen bepalen.
L’enseignement à Bruxelles
Authors: Janssens Rudi , Carlier Donat , Van de Craen Piet
Published: January 2017

C’est la situation de l’enseignement obligatoire en Région de Bruxelles-Capitale qui gît au cœur de cette contribution. Les écoles ne sont pas des entités isolées au sein desquelles se déroulerait l’apprentissage : elles ne peuvent être détachées de l’environnement de la grande agglomération urbaine au sein de laquelle elles fonctionnent. Pour y voir clair dans cet ensemble complexe de facteurs d’influence, nous résumons la relation existant entre l’école et la ville en quatre aspects : (i) le contexte politico-institutionnel (l’organisation de l’enseignement), (ii) le processus pédagogique et d’enseignement (qu’enseigner et comment le faire, dans quelles circonstances et avec quels résultats), (iii) les données démographiques et géographiques (population à laquelle l’enseignement est destiné), et (iv) le contexte socio-culturel (développement urbain) (Verlot, 2002). Bien que ces différents aspects soient fortement entremêlés l’un avec l’autre, leur division offre un angle d’approche intéressant pour une meilleure observation de la situation concrète à Bruxelles et une plus grande précision des constats à établir et des problèmes à formuler. Suivent un certain nombre de choix politiques envisageables.Étant donné l’ampleur de la problématique, nous avons choisi de ne pas approfondir ici les questions liées à l’enseignement supérieur ou à la formation professionnelle. Ces aspects sont abordés dans les publications ayant pour sujet « Bruxelles, ville de connaissance » et « le marché de l’emploi à Bruxelles ».
Young people in Brussels: social inequality and cultural diversity
Authors: Rea Andrea , Nagels Carla , Christiaens Jenneke
Published: January 2017

The murder of Joe Van Holsbeeck prompted many categories of young people to be defined: those who do well at school and who militate in favour of good causes; the eternal suspects whom we heap opprobrium on without warning; and the invisible youth revealed by surveillance cameras. Generosity and threat are two characteristics ascribed to young people. This dramatic news item cannot be reduced to the violence of youth. One must question the persistent tendency to bring discredit on certain young people in Brussels, their increasingly precarious existence, and the growing adversity between young people of various social and ethnic origins. In the 1989 work Réussir Bruxelles edited by Charles Picqué, the chapter on youth mentioned the lack of importance attached to the young population. Twenty years later, this observation has not changed. Certain aspects of the situation have, in contrast, worsened. However, the Brussels-Capital Region has a large youth population which constitutes a source of opportunities rather than a handicap, although this viewpoint does not prevail. Young people are too often dealt with in the prism of social problems. Unfortunately, this contribution will not entirely escape this tendency.
Informatics-Based Approaches for Accelerated Discovery of Functional Materials
Authors: Balachandran P. V. , Rondinelli J. M.
Published: January 2017

This chapter is aimed at readers interested in the topic of informatics-based approaches for accelerated materials discovery, but who are unfamiliar with the nuances of the underlying principles and various types of powerful mathematical tools that are involved in formulating structure–property relationships. In an attempt to simplify the workflow of materials informatics, we decompose the paradigm into several core subtasks: hypothesis generation, database construction, data pre-processing, mathematical modeling, model validation, and finally hypothesis testing. We discuss each task and provide illustrative case studies, which apply these methods to various functional ceramic materials.
Plastics and Priority during the Recycling
Authors: Krehula Ljerka Kratofil , Hrnjak-Murgić Zlata , Katančić Zvonimir
Published: January 2017

Increasing demand for post-consumer plastics recycling comes from growing environmental awareness and the need for sustainability as well as from legislative measures. Generally, the recycling of plastics is important in terms of natural resources preservation (oil, natural gas), energy conservation, saving of landfill spaces, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, overall environmental protection, and economical benefits. The different types of plastics recycling result in valuable raw materials (mechanical and chemical recycling) or in a notable quantity of energy when plastic waste is used as a fuel (energy recovery). A priority during recycling is to create high quality pretreatment processes of post-consumer plastics in order to obtain the best possible product and to minimize recycling expenses. This chapter gives a general overview of plastics recycling, especially of pretreatment procedures, with an emphasis on poly(ethylene-terephthalate), polyethylene, and tire recycling processes. It reveals the main problems during these processes and states their analysis and possible solutions.
Engineered Gellan Polysaccharides in the Design of Controlled Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Maiti Sabyasachi
Published: January 2017

Natural polysaccharides are getting increasing attention in the development of pharmaceutical dosage forms due to their encouraging reports on nontoxicity and biodegradability. Natural gums can also be engineered to have better materials for drug delivery system design. Gellan gum originates from microbial fermentation and has been declared as safe by US FDA for human consumption. It possesses gelling ability in presence of multivalent earth metal cations and thus enabled the design of mutiparticulate drug delivery systems in completely aqueous environment avoiding the use of organic solvents. Due to faster drug release profiles of divalent cation-induced gellan gum particles, nowadays chemically modified forms of gellan polysaccharide are currently being investigated for the controlled release of drugs. This chapter discusses the factors contributing to the varying gelling characteristics of gellan gum and the recent developments in its chemical modification towards the fabrication of novel controlled drug delivery devices.
Engineering of Microbes for Heavy Metal Tolerance
Authors: Bhatt Megha D. , Bhatt Deepesh
Published: January 2017

Use of microorganisms and their enzymes to degrade heavy metal contaminants from the environment, is termed as bioremediation. This chapter majorly deals with heavy metals, their toxicity and their ill effects upon the environment. It depicts how microbes can help to combat the side effect of heavy metal toxicity by stimulating their natural defensive mechanism. In spite of their natural defensive system against metal pollution, still there is an urgent need of utilizing advanced molecular tools to further exaggerate their resistance ability for bioremediation. Earlier accumulation of heavy metals was done through overproduction of various metal binding proteins located in the cytoplasm. Recently cell surface engineering of microbes appears an attractive technology for removal or recovery of metal ions from the environment. To expedite the degradation of pollutant, a number of different molecular tools have been established for improving the microbial strains at molecular and genetic level. Microbial engineering thus, seems a promising approach which elucidates the effect of biotechnological processes used for decontaminating the polluted environment and in the future, humans and animals might gain from these organisms in remediating environmental contamination. However, these genetic modifications should be stable and harmless towards the nature as well as for the microbes itself and any genetic alterations must always ensure the actual pros and cons behind it.
Applications of Nanomaterials in Construction Industry
Authors: Barbhuiya Salim
Published: January 2017

The application of nanomaterials in various applied fields has gained worldwide recognition. Nanomaterials have the ability to manipulate the structure at nano-scale. This leads to the generation of tailored and multifunctional composites with improved mechanical and durability performance. Recognizing this, the construction industry recently has started to use a variety of nanomaterials. The use of these materials is found to improve various fundamental characteristics of construction materials including the strength, durability, and lightness. In this chapter an attempt is made to review the use of various nanomaterials in cementitous system. This is followed by a discussion of the challenges related to their use. Finally, the strategies for using nanomaterials in construction industry for the next ten years are identified.
Applications of Nanomaterials for Activation and Suppression of Immune Responses
Authors: Shakya Akhilesh Kumar , Nandakumar Kutty Selva
Published: January 2017

Evaluation of immuno-modulating properties of nanomaterials is important to develop new potential therapeutics for inflammatory diseases and cancer. Activation and suppressive effects of nanomaterials on immune responses occur through various interactions with different host proteins. They can also be engineered as carriers and/or adjuvants for different proteins or antigens. Particles, emulsions, and tubes/rods are the major formats of nanomaterials currently used in biomedical applications. Sometimes, nanomaterials induce side effects like undesired immunosuppression and toxicities, which are major concerns at present in designing optimal nanotherapeutics. This chapter summarizes different types of nanomaterials and their effect on immune responses.
Mitigation of Wear Damage by Laser Surface Alloying Technique
Authors: Adebiyi Isaac Damilola , Popoola Patricia A. P. , Pityana Sisa
Published: January 2017

Today's increasingly extreme and aggressive production environments require that machine components be made with materials having specific surface properties such as good wear resistance. Unfortunately, nature does not provide such materials, and alloys having these specific properties are usually very expensive and their use drastically increases components and production costs. Moreover, the economic implications of wear, in form of detrimental effects – and waste, are severe. This includes replacement costs, and all downtime costs related to such replacement. Consequently, companies will increasingly need to look to wear reduction as a direct, immediate avenue for maintaining output quotas and for cutting production costs. Laser coating of engineering alloys with wear resistant materials is one efficient and economical means of increasing the wear resistance of these alloys. This work discusses laser coatings for wear prevention. Different wear mechanisms are discussed and the coatings for specific environment are identified. This will provide information for combating wear.
Applying a Coherent Academy Training Structure to Vertically Integrate Learning, Teaching and Personal Development in Materials Science and Engineering
Authors: Mabbett Ian
Published: January 2017

An innovative academy structure has been applied to materials education in Swansea University, UK. The Materials Academy has multiple levels and layers, from the basic outreach and public engagement required to attract new through to doctoral training. The academy offers multiple paths for progress to all levels. With a diverse mix of talent in the participants, a range of backgrounds and experiences must be catered for in the learning environment, with teaching cycles continuously evaluated to ensure they are appropriate. From the earliest stages of engagement with the academy, learning is student led and industry demand driven. The aim is to fill skills gaps to create an employable workforce for the materials science and engineering industry and contribute positively to economic growth. This chapter described the approach taken at Swansea University, the driving force behind it, explained the features of each stage and interaction of the levels.
Effect of Tempering Temperature on Microstructure, Texture and Mechanical Properties of a High Strength Steel
Authors: Jena Pradipta Kumar , Kumar K. Siva , Singh A.K.
Published: January 2017

This work describes the microstructure, texture and anisotropy in mechanical behavior of a high strength steel in various tempered conditions. The microstructures and mechanical properties change considerably with varying tempering temperatures. The material exhibits low in-plane anisotropy and low anisotropic index in terms of yield strength and elongation with increase in tempering temperature. The anisotropy of the material displays similar behavior to that of the yield strength.
Metacognition of Organization Members as the Basis of Learning Strategy in Higher School
Authors: Yakimanskaya Irina Sergeyevna , Molokostova Anna Mikhaylovna , Ibragimova Milyausha Yakubovna
Published: January 2017

The concept of metacognition is used to study knowledge of knowledge, and mainly in cognitive psychology. According to the content; metacognition is an intelligent process related to memory, reflection and motivation. The problem, we research, concerns the fact that the content and the mismatch of employees views can lead to non-constructive activity that violates the effectiveness of an organization as a whole. The outcome of this study is a model that describe the characteristics of the organization through determination of the metacognitive skills of employees at different levels. The model takes into account the emotional colouring, different levels of metacognition inconsistency, characteristic of the organization effectiveness and various inconsistencies of metacognitions.
Realizing Reliable Lithium-Ion Batteries for Critical Remote-Located Offshore Systems
Authors: Vedachalam Narayanaswamy , Ramadass Gidugu Ananda
Published: January 2017

AbstractOn-demand reliability is the key requirement for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) used for powering time-critical remote-located offshore systems. Based on the reported lithium-ion (li-ion) cell failure model, failure rate and on-demand reliability of a li-ion cell are
computed for a range of charge-discharge cycles and maintenance intervals. The results are extended to compute the on-demand reliability of LIB of industry-standard voltage ratings. Results indicate that, with present technical maturity, an LIB with 24V output, 500 annual charge-discharge
cycles, and with 6 months of maintenance intervals requires three and six parallel groupings for achieving IEC 61508 Safety Integrity Level 4 under low- and high-demand scenarios, respectively. The results presented could be directly extended to determine the on-demand reliability for LIBs
with higher capacities.
Optimization and Field Demonstration of a Passive Sampling Technology for Monitoring Conventional Munition Constituents in Aquatic Environments
Authors: Rosen Gunther , Wild Bill , George Robert D. , Belden Jason B. , Lotufo Guilherme R.
Published: January 2017

AbstractAs a result of military training and weapon testing activities, unexploded ordnance (UXO; including munitions such as bombs, projectiles, and mines that did not function as intended) are present in underwater environments. Munitions are also present at underwater sites as discarded military munitions (DMM). In addition to explosive safety considerations, regulators are increasingly concerned about potential ecological impacts on the aquatic environment following corrosion and breaching shells that may cause the slow release of the explosive material by dissolution to the surrounding sediments and water column. Challenges such as the high level of effort required to identify leaking munitions and potential for slow and intermittent release resulting in ultralow concentrations (i.e., part per trillion) may hinder the assessment of environmental exposures using traditional water sampling and analysis techniques. Recently, integrative passive samplers, specifically polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS), have been demonstrated by our team to be valuable tools for the environmental exposure assessment of munition constituents (MC) in aquatic environments. POCIS can be deployed for weeks to months and continuously sample the water, providing the opportunity to capture episodic events or fluctuations in contaminant release, even at low concentrations. The resulting time-weighted average (TWA) water concentration can then be compared with screening values in the context of ecological risk potential and relevance for remedial action. Our preliminary results from POCIS employed under field conditions indicate that it is a robust approach to understanding and validating the release and transport behaviors of MC and subsequent exposure characterization in the vicinity of potentially breached UXO or DMM in ocean environments.
Spectral Signatures of Carbonate Rocks Surrounding the Nanisivik MVT Zn-Pb Mine and Implications of Hyperspectral Imaging for Exploration in Arctic Environments
Authors: Budkewitsch P , Staenz K , Secker J , Rencz A , Sangster D
Published: January 2017

Spectral unmixing techniques of hyperspectral data have been developed together with endmember selection procedures to successfully map the distribution of minerals and alteration for mineral exploration. A particular challenge for mineral mapping in Canada is
the application of these techniques to arctic environments. The objective of this study is to validate the use of spectral unmixing techniques for creating mineral abundance maps of the exposed rock in the Borden Rift Basin of northern Baffin Island using hyperspectral imaging data. Results indicate
potential to distinguish limestone from dolostone using spectral reflectance properties in the 2050-2450 nm region of the Short-wave Infra-red (SWIR). Limestones (calcite-dominated) typically show strongest absorption near 2330 nm whereas dolostones (dolomite-dominated) exhibit greatest absorption
near 2310 nm. This ca. 20 nm difference raises the possibility that these two rock types can be distinguished in hyperspectral imaging data.
 A quantitative analysis is presented, describing the geological significance of endmembers extracted from Probe-1 hyperspectral data
as revealed in fraction maps from unmixing results. Validation of the unmixing results with ground reference information illustrates the potential of using hyperspectral units as an indicator for mapping the occurrence of limestone and dolostone and the mapping of dolomitized alteration
zones.
Chorea as unusual complication of fungicide poisoning
Authors: Paul BS , Paul G , Kaur J , Singh G
Published: January 2017

Chorea is a rare manifestation of poisoning. We report an index case of a young woman who developed generalized chorea following propiconazole toxin ingestion. As large series on neurological complications of toxic compounds are difficult to be compiled, it is of interest to report our experience. This report adds one more compound to the increasing list of toxic chorea.
Нетривиальные псевдохарактеры на группах с одним определяющим соотношением и нетривиальным центром
Authors: Kagan Dmitrii Zinov'evich
Published: January 2017

Полностью решен вопрос об условиях существования нетривиальных псевдохарактеров на группах с одним определяющим соотношением и нетривиальным центром. Доказано, что нетривиальные псевдохарактеры существуют на таких группах тогда и только тогда, когда они неаменабельные. Псевдохарактеры - это вещественные функции на группах, для которых множество $ \{f(xy)-f(x)-f(y); x, y\in F\}$ ограничено и $ f( x^n)=nf(x)$ для любого $n\in\mathbb{Z}$ и любого $x\in F$. Их существование связано со многими важными характеристиками и свойствами групп такими, как группы когомологий и ширина вербальных подгрупп. Из результатов о псевдохарактерах получены следствия о ширине вербальных подгрупп и второй группе ограниченных когомологий для рассматриваемых групп с одним определяющим соотношением и нетривиальным центром.
Библиография: 21 название.
Приближение функций и их сопряженных в пространствах Лебега с переменным показателем
Authors: Volosivets Sergei Sergeevich
Published: January 2017

При помощи односторонних средних Стеклова вводятся модули непрерывности натурального порядка в пространствах $L^{p(\cdot)}_{2\pi}$ с переменным показателем. Для функций из $L^{p(\cdot)}_{2\pi}$ устанавливаются прямая теорема типа Джексона-Стечкина и обратная теорема типа Салема-Стечкина. Аналогичные результаты получены для сопряженных функций.
Библиография: 24 названия.
The WHO* warns of outbreak of virulent new ‘Economic Reality’ virus
Authors: Keen Steve
Published: January 2017

A new virus, known as ‘Reality’, has started to afflict Mainstream Economists, causing them to reject the ‘as if’ arguments they used to use to justify their models. There is no known cure for the virus, and complete avoidance of ‘Reality’ is the only effective strategy to prevent infection.
Coastal ocean forecasting with an unstructured grid model in the southern Adriatic and northern Ionian seas
Authors: Federico Ivan , Pinardi Nadia , Coppini Giovanni , Oddo Paolo , Lecci Rita , Mossa Michele
Published: January 2017

Abstract. SANIFS (Southern Adriatic Northern Ionian coastal Forecasting System) is a coastal-ocean operational system based on the unstructured grid finite-element three-dimensional hydrodynamic SHYFEM model, providing short-term forecasts. The operational chain is based on a downscaling approach starting from the large-scale system for the entire Mediterranean Basin (MFS, Mediterranean Forecasting System), which provides initial and boundary condition fields to the nested system. The model is configured to provide hydrodynamics and active tracer forecasts both in open ocean and coastal waters of southeastern Italy using a variable horizontal resolution from the open sea (3–4 km) to coastal areas (50–500 m). Given that the coastal fields are driven by a combination of both local (also known as coastal) and deep-ocean forcings propagating along the shelf, the performance of SANIFS was verified both in forecast and simulation mode, first (i) on the large and shelf-coastal scales by comparing with a large-scale survey CTD (conductivity–temperature–depth) in the Gulf of Taranto and then (ii) on the coastal-harbour scale (Mar Grande of Taranto) by comparison with CTD, ADCP (acoustic doppler current profiler) and tide gauge data. Sensitivity tests were performed on initialization conditions (mainly focused on spin-up procedures) and on surface boundary conditions by assessing the reliability of two alternative datasets at different horizontal resolution (12.5 and 6.5 km). The SANIFS forecasts at a lead time of 1 day were compared with the MFS forecasts, highlighting that SANIFS is able to retain the large-scale dynamics of MFS. The large-scale dynamics of MFS are correctly propagated to the shelf-coastal scale, improving the forecast accuracy (+17 % for temperature and +6 % for salinity compared to MFS). Moreover, the added value of SANIFS was assessed on the coastal-harbour scale, which is not covered by the coarse resolution of MFS, where the fields forecasted by SANIFS reproduced the observations well (temperature RMSE equal to 0.11 °C). Furthermore, SANIFS simulations were compared with hourly time series of temperature, sea level and velocity measured on the coastal-harbour scale, showing a good agreement. Simulations in the Gulf of Taranto described a circulation mainly characterized by an anticyclonic gyre with the presence of cyclonic vortexes in shelf-coastal areas. A surface water inflow from the open sea to Mar Grande characterizes the coastal-harbour scale.
Some aspects of the deep abyssal overflow between the middle and
southern basins of the Caspian Sea
Authors: Babagoli Matikolaei Javad , AliAkbbari-Bidokhti Abbas Ali , Shiea Maryam
Published: January 2017

Abstract. This study investigates the deep gravity current between the middle and southern Caspian Sea basins, caused by density difference of deep waters. Oceanographic data, numerical model and dynamic models are used to consider the structure of this Caspian Sea abyssal overflow. The CTD data are obtained from UNESCO, and the three-dimensional ocean model COHERENS results are used to study the abyssal currents in the southern basin of the Caspian Sea. The deep overflow is driven by the density difference mainly due to the temperature difference between the middle and southern basins especially in winter. For this reason, water sinks in high latitudes and after filling the middle basin it overflows into the southern basin. As the current passes through the Absheron Strait (or sill), we use an analytic model for the overflow gravity current with inertial and frictional effects to consider its structure. The dynamical characteristics of this deep baroclinic flow are investigated with different initial and boundary conditions. The results show that after time passes, the flow adjusts itself, moving as a deepening gravity driven topographically trapped current. This flow is considered for different seasons and its velocity and width are obtained. Because of the topography of the Southern Caspian basin, the flow is trapped after the sill; thus, another simple dynamical model of the overflow, based on potential vorticity conservation similar to that of Bidokhti and Ezam (2009) but with the bottom friction included, is used to find the horizontal extent of the outflow from the western coast. The result of this model shows that the Rossby length (deformation radius) of the flow decreases when drag coefficient increases. Because of the importance of the overflow in deep water ventilation, a simple dynamical model of the boundary currents based on the shape of strait is used to estimate typical mass transport and flushing time which is found to be about 15 to 20 years for the southern basin of the Caspian Sea. This time scale is important for the possible effects of pollutions due to oil exploration on the ecosystem of this water body.
La arquitectura y el proceso de constitución nacional : los siglos XIX y XX en Chile, Ecuador, Bolivia y Perú
Authors: Cuadra K. Manuel
Published: January 2017

Este ensayo se refiere a la arquitectura de los países del grupo andino en el período republicano de su historia. Presenta una importante base informativa que sirve de fundamento a la interpretación histórica del autor, la cual constituye la parte central de su trabajo. La comprensión de las circunstancias políticas y económicas que acompañan la producción arquitectónica de interés, así como sus implicaciones ideológicas, son preocupación permanente del arquitecto Cuadra, quien, observando que en América Latina la mayoría de las construcciones se realizan sin la participación de los arquitectos, diferencia entre la arquitectura de arquitectos, en la que los aspectos de representación siguen siendo centrales, de la arquitectura de los sectores sociales bajos, donde los arquitectos casi no intervienen. El desarrollo en tres fases del período analizado, muestra cómo el ideal de la hispanización de América, impuesto por la Corona española en la Colonia, fue sustituido por el de la europeización impuesto por las nuevas élites al resto de la población, evolucionando, posteriormente, hacia una fase donde los modelos foráneos y las condiciones locales intentan la mutua adaptación. La tercera fase culmina en la constitución nacional y consiste en el logro de un desarrollo autónomo auto sostenido. Por cierto, esta fase no ha sido lograda y por ello el autor señala que el presente, es el relato de un proceso inconcluso, de un fragmento de proyecto nacional. A pesar de la creciente brecha entre los países del Tercer y Primer mundo, que tiende a consolidar las relaciones de dependencia actuales, ciertos indicios positivos al proceso de constitución nacional están emergiendo. Un esfuerzo de inteligencia y creatividad será necesario para diseñar un proyecto nacional que nos integre y nos dé identidad, sin el componente extranjerizante, e incorporando a los vastos sectores pobres de nuestras sociedades a mejores niveles de vida.
Un espectador excepcional en el Madrid Ilustrado : aproximación a la obra de Joaquín Toesca Ricci
Authors: Figueroa S. Jonás
Published: January 2017

La presencia y las actuaciones del arquitecto Joaquín Toesca Ricci en Chile, sólo pueden entenderse si se vinculan a las profundas reformas que enriquecieron el patrimonio cultural y material de España y de sus posesiones americanas, a partir de la ascensión de los Borbones. Los escasos antecedentes que disponemos de este arquitecto romano, sugieren que cualquier aproximación a su obra se efectué a través de la contextualización que nos brindan, por ejemplo, las obras urbanas ejecutadas durante el período que Toesca residió en Madrid.
Villarrica, imagen y desarrollo urbano
Authors: Hermosilla Patricio , Ortega S. Oscar
Published: January 2017

Villarrica, ciudad lacustre, en la búsqueda de elementos urbanos y arquitectónicos susceptibles de ser desarrollados o reforzados para el logro de una identidad propia.
Recursos naturales y proyectos de diseño urbano en Colina : proposiciones de estudiantes (Escuela Agrícola, Acueducto Energitérmico, Borde de Recreación Inundable, Cementerio)
Authors: Ramírez J. Francisco , Roco José M. , García José I. , Mandler Mauricio , Sánchez Carolina , Bannura Roberto , Lizana Loreto , Bertrán Francisca , Caulier Pilar , Arancibia Verónica
Published: January 2017

Se interviene en una comuna de caracter urbano-rural y vocación agro-industrial que presenta un fuerte deterioro en su medio ambiente urbano.
Galería de Arte calle Asunción
Authors: Pérez J. M. Isabel
Published: January 2017

Reciclaje de tres viviendas, en el contexto de un estudio urbano y arquitectónico del área de "La Chimba".
Vivienda de interés social en Escondido, California, U.S.A.
Authors: Davids Rene , Killory Christine
Published: January 2017

Proyectos de arquitectura residencial en U.S.A., para familias de bajos ingresos, en un contexto de crisis de oferta y problemas adicionales de acceso social.
Pensamiento y obra : entrevista al profesor Jorge Iglesis G.
Authors: De Arquitectura Revista
Published: January 2017

El desafío de descubrir la propia identidad, consolidar una cultura regional moderna, preocuparse del medio ambiente, valorar la arquitectura popular, comprometerse socialmente, recuperar vínculos con el pasado y desarrollar técnicas constructivas adaptables a los recursos de nuestro país requiere principios que dirijan la obra y la enseñanza
Lo que falta no daña : una indagación sobre la cultura y la crítica arquitectónica chilena del último tiempo
Authors: Torrent Horacio
Published: January 2017

La cultura arquitectónica chilena se presenta hoy como una de las más articuladas y autoreferentes de América Latina. Sus formas institucionales, definidas en los últimos tiempos, promueven en la academia, en la profesión y en la sociedad un conjunto de imágenes y tendencias. La crítica, en sus variados modos, actúa como uno de los componentes que definen la orientación de esta cultura arquitectónica; se indaga aquí sobre las obras y las ideas que muestra, sobre las presencias y las ausencias que deja expuestas, y en especial sobre los propios mecanismos de la crítica que poco dicen de valores o criterios de selección. Si el momento parece fértil para la arquitectura chilena, también lo es para la crítica.
1929 : la ciudad demostrativa
Authors: Figueroa S. Jonás
Published: January 2017

El año 1929, cuatro urbanistas europeos se encuentran en América del Sur. Dos en Río de Janeiro (Agache y Le Corbusier) y dos en Santiago de Chile (Lambert y Brunner). En dicho encuentro, cada uno de ellos nos propone un discurso demostrativo sobre la ciudad moderna. A veces académico, a veces ecléctico y otras tantas, renovador, este discurso demostrativo presta gran atención al contenido morfológico del plan de urbanismo.
¿Identidad por vias de diversidad? : actual perfil semiótico de identidad arquitectónica en Chile central
Authors: Letelier P. Sofía
Published: January 2017

Se aplica a la realidad de la zona central del territorio chileno apoyándose en el método semiótico para lenguajes no verbales, sobre un muestreo estadístico de campo, estableciendo indicadores de significación y comunicación entre legos y arquitectos. Detecta en la posible identidad arquitectónica de Chile central una baja respuesta a los "principios de identidad", especialmente en lo concebido como "chileno" y en el grado de vocación a la producción de "objetos / edificios" con identidad. Demuestra que existe una distancia entre el campo noético del arquitecto y el campo lego lo cual lleva a reconocer un estado de incomunicación o que sufre fuertes interferencias.
Santiago, ciudad de balcones
Authors: Pérez de Arce A. Rodrigo
Published: January 2017

Un recorrido por las arquitecturas de Santiago de Chile y algunos de sus antecedentes, muestran un nivel de persistencia y arraigo de la idea del espacio intermedio que, sin ser privativa de nuestra ciudad, en cierto modo la caracteriza.
Pensamiento y obra : entrevista al arqto. Jorge Lobos
Authors: De Arquitectura Revista
Published: January 2017

Tratando los temas de la inserción en Chiloé - la opción por la periferia -. y Chiloé, como un laboratorio de ideas, el antropólogo y poeta Juan Carlos Olivares, entrevista al Arqto. Jorge Lobos, quien estudió en la Universidad de Chile entre 1979 y 1984.
Brasilia transfer :las raíces clásicas del movimiento moderno
Authors: Figueroa S. Jonás
Published: January 2017

Manhattan Transfer es la novela que traduce desde una perspectiva callejera las vicisitudes que padece el anónimo provinciano que llega atraído por los brillos y fastos a la gran ciudad. Intentar la comprensión de Brasilia, desde una perspectiva urbanística, es una tarea un poco más complicada. Los mitos enfáticos que comporta la modernidad del discurso urbanístico de esta ciudad capital, después de cerca de cuatro décadas de su fundación, nos saben a retóricas en busca de autor. Los brillos y fastos que durante gran parte de la primera mitad del siglo XX, envolvieron este discurso para conferirle una nueva forma urbis a la ciudad, tienen buena parte de responsabilidad en ello.
El ladrillo recocido en la arquitectura de Santiago :una textura empleada en las décadas 1920-1940
Authors: Gómez L. Luis
Published: January 2017

Este ladrillo, de factura artesanal, se utilizó en Santiago cuando ya se tenía un dominio de las albañilerías confinadas ofreciendo una textura rugosa de color cálido que contrasta con las enmarcaciones de los estucos lisos que ocultan al hormigón armado. Han pasado más de 50 años y este ladrillo a la vista ha demostrado tener grandes ventajas ya que no es heladizo por lo que no presenta deterioros y cada unidad presenta una ligera deformación y colorido irregular que resaltan la piel en cada una de las obras donde se aplicó. Muchas de ellas tienen un english look por estar resueltas en estilo Tudor.
La ciudad de Iquique
Authors: Gurovich W. Alberto
Published: January 2017

Cuatro fases de evolución en el desarrollo de una ciudad-puerto, desde el comienzo de la actividad salitrera hasta nuestros días.
El revival griego en la arquitectura de Iquique
Authors: Pizzi K. Marcela
Published: January 2017

El precedente más probable de la arquitectura en madera de Iquique , producto del auge comercial del salitre y una estrecha vinculación con el mundo anglo-americano
Maderas pintadas: tectónica de Iquique
Authors: Hermosilla G. Patricios , Ortega S. Oscar
Published: January 2017

La tendencia a raspar la pintura de las fachadas en la arquitectura tradicional de Iquique está produciendo alteraciones estilísticas y daños materiales, frente a lo cual es necesario establecer normas.
Breve reflexión sobre los arquitectos y la cartografía cultural de Chile
Authors: Pávez R. María Isabel
Published: January 2017

A partir de la lectura de diversos estudios emprendidos por el Consejo Nacional de la Cultura y las Artes en el objetivo de establecer una “cartografía cultural de Chile”, se constata que en los momentos en que tiende a incrementarse significativamente el número de arquitectos ejerciendo en Chile, dichos estudios no incluyen a los arquitectos (y demás trabajadores que les acompañan en su labor) como actores culturales, aún cuando sus obras que han alcanzado cierto nivel de excelencia son registradas como productos culturales patrimoniales. A partir de esta constatación se reflexiona sobre algunas de las posibles causas de tal omisión.
Tiempo y certezas: del símbolo a la ausencia de la forma
Authors: Corvalán T. Felipe , Farrú A. Raúl
Published: January 2017

Certezas arquitectónicas, lenguaje y mecanismos de expresión. Cosmovisión e interacción social, entendimiento de la realidad. Ambas instancias, parecen finalmente trastocadas por la presencia inexorable del tiempo, removiendo definiciones, incorporando acentos yeliminando parámetros que parecían permanentes. Las respuestas arquitectónicas posteriores al movimiento moderno, nos confirman la movilidad de los patrones y el nexo inevitable entre la obra y su campo de inserción. Del reconocimiento del gusto común, a la valoración del gusto dictado por estrategias comerciales, de la reinvención de lo popular a la concepción de obras que navegan en busca de la sorpresa y desaparecen al abandonar la novedad. Del símbolo a la ausencia de la forma, de la recuperación simbólica y significante, a la voluntad del mercado.
Transversalidad inducida desde el caudal en la acción proyectual: "Docencia vernacular”, un camino hacia la autonomía
Authors: Hirmas Y. Andrés
Published: January 2017

El autor del siguiente artículo reflexiona sobre los modelos pedagógicos propios de la arquitectura, a partir de los cuales se puede construir una formación transversal.
Diseño paramétrico orientado a la performance
Authors: Cavieres Andrés
Published: January 2017

Este artículo presenta el concepto performance de edificios y cómo las tecnologías CAD/BIM pueden soportar el desarrollo de diseños orientados a su optimización. Se discute técnicas de modelamiento paramétrico que pueden ayudar a construir procesos colaborativos a partir de la explicitación de reglas de diseño, del análisis de alternativas y la selección de soluciones.
Estructuras elásticas
Authors: Honorato T. Matías
Published: January 2017

La idea de un entorno en el cual la estructura sea capaz de albergar y promover la ocupación del espacio por parte de ciertas comunidades de artistas locales en Berlín es el comienzo de este proyecto. Esta infraestructura propone formas de ocupación real y desplazamientos que no necesariamente corresponden a una delimitación por superficies. Por el contrario, la estructura (líneas) se disponen de manera de promover ciertos grados y escalas de uso, abriendo las posibilidades de generación artística desde la «institución patrocinadora» a una alternativa más espontánea.Este espacio de relativa ambigüedad se concibe como un campo de eventos simultáneos, y su diseño precede al de la estructura final visible. En otras palabras, es la relación y gradientes programáticas la que se activa por medio de la simulación termodinámica. Este «mapa» condiciona finalmente el ensamble de estas piezas divergentes y convergentes, expandiendo, contrayendo, torciendo y doblando debido a reacciones locales.