bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hot Electrons Induced by Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance in Ag/g-C3N4 Schottky Junction for Photothermal Catalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Jiang Peng , Wang Kun , Liu Wenrui , Song Yuhang , Zheng Runtian , Chen Lihua , Su Baolian
Published: August 2024

Converting carbon dioxide (CO2) into high-value-added chemicals using solar energy is a promising approach to reducing carbon dioxide emissions; however, single photocatalysts suffer from quick the recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs and poor photoredox ability. Herein, silver (Ag) nanoparticles featuring with localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) are combined with g-C3N4 to form a Schottky junction for photothermal catalytic CO2 reduction. The Ag/g-C3N4 exhibits higher photocatalytic CO2 reduction activity under UV-vis light; the CH4 and CO evolution rates are 10.44 and 88.79 µmol·h−1·g−1, respectively. Enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction performances are attributed to efficient hot electron transfer in the Ag/g-C3N4 Schottky junction. LSPR-induced hot electrons from Ag nanoparticles improve the local reaction temperature and promote the separation and transfer of photogenerated electron–hole pairs. The charge carrier transfer route was investigated by in situ irradiated X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (3D-FDTD) method verified the strong electromagnetic field at the interface between Ag and g-C3N4. The photothermal catalytic CO2 reduction pathway of Ag/g-C3N4 was investigated using in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectra (DRIFTS). This study examines hot electron transfer in the Ag/g-C3N4 Schottky junction and provides a feasible way to design a plasmonic metal/polymer semiconductor Schottky junction for photothermal catalytic CO2 reduction.
Covalent–Organic Frameworks for Selective and Sensitive Detection of Antibiotics from Water
Authors: Hao Ying , Xia Yanjie , Huang Jingjing , Zhong Chenglin , Li Guizhen
Published: August 2024

As the consumption of antibiotics rises, they have generated some negative impacts on organisms and the environment because they are often unable to be effectively degraded, and seeking effective detection methods is currently a challenge. Covalent–organic frameworks (COFs) are new types of crystalline porous crystals created based on the strong covalent interactions between blocked monomers, and COFs demonstrate great potential in the detection of antibiotics from aqueous solutions because of their large surface area, adjustable porosity, recyclability, and predictable structure. This review aims to present state-of-the-art insights into COFs (properties, classification, synthesis methods, and functionalization). The key mechanisms for the detection of antibiotics and the application performance of COFs in the detection of antibiotics from water are also discussed, followed by the challenges and opportunities for COFs in future research.
Testing Protocol Development for the Fracture Toughness of Parts Built with Big Area Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Garcia J. P. , Camacho L. A. , Villegas A. I. , Hasanyan A. , Espalin D.
Published: August 2024

The mechanical testing of additively manufactured parts has largely relied on the existing standards developed for traditional manufacturing. While this approach leverages the investment made in current standards development, it inaccurately assumes that the mechanical response of additive manufacturing (AM) parts is identical to that of parts manufactured through traditional processes. When considering thermoplastic, material extrusion AM, the differences in response can be attributed to an AM part’s inherent inhomogeneity caused by porosity, interlayer zones, and surface texture. Additionally, the interlayer bonding of parts printed with large-scale AM is difficult to adequately assess, as much testing is performed such that stress is distributed across many layer interfaces; therefore, the lack of AM-specific standards to assess interlayer bonding is a significant research gap. To quantify interlayer bonding via fracture toughness, double cantilever beam (DCB) testing has been used for some AM materials, and DCB has been generally used for a variety of materials including metal, wood, and laminates. Mode I DCB testing was performed on thermoplastic matrix composites printed with Big Area Additive Manufacturing (BAAM). Of particular interest was the notch shape and deflection speed during testing. The results examine the differences when using two notch types and three deflection speeds. The testing method introduced by the following paper differentiates itself from the ones described in the standards used by modernizing the methodology. This was conducted with the introduction of Digital Image Correlation (DIC) to gather displacement and load data simultaneously without human intervention.
Ultraviolet Grafting of Bismuth Oxide Enhances the Photocatalytic Performance of PVDF Membrane and Improves the Problem of Membrane Fouling
Authors: Liu Chang , Kong Yuxuan , Xia Guojiang , Ren Xiancheng , Zhang Jing
Published: August 2024

Photocatalytic membranes are crucial in addressing membrane fouling issues. However, the grafting amount of the catalyst on the membrane often becomes a key factor in restricting the membrane’s self-cleaning capability. To address the challenge, this manuscript proposes a method for solving membrane fouling, featuring high grafting rates of bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) and acrylic acid (AA), significant contaminant degradation capability, and reusability. A highly photocatalytic self-cleaning microfiltration membrane made of polyvinylidene fluoride bismuth oxide and acrylic acid (PVDF-g-BA) was prepared by attaching nano Bi2O3 and acrylic acid onto the polyvinylidene fluoride membrane through adsorption/deposition and UV grafting polymerization. Compared with pure membranes and pure acrylic grafted membranes (PVDF-g-AA), the modified membrane grafted with 0.5% bismuth oxide not only improves the grafting rate and filtration performance, but also has higher self-cleaning ability. Furthermore, the degradation effect of this membrane on the organic dye methyl violet 2B under visible light irradiation is very significant, with a degradation rate reaching 90% and almost complete degradation after 12 h. Finally, after repeated filtration and photocatalysis, the membrane can still significantly degrade contaminants and can be reused.
Color-Stable Formulations for 3D-Photoprintable Dental Materials
Authors: Bassenheim David , Rist Kai , Moszner Norbert , Catel Yohann , Liska Robert , Knaack Patrick
Published: August 2024

Color stability is crucial for dental materials to ensure they perfectly match a patient’s tooth color. This is particularly challenging in photoresist-based additive manufacturing. Although some studies have addressed this issue, the exact causes of discoloration and ways to minimize it remain unclear. In this study, the intrinsic causes of discoloration in materials intended for 3D printing are investigated by examining thin-film samples (1200 µm) of various compositions, which are stored under different conditions. The samples are evaluated by measuring the UV-Vis absorption spectra at regular intervals to monitor changes. The findings reveal that both the composition of the formulations and the storage conditions significantly influence the discoloration behavior. Furthermore, methods have been developed to reduce or completely prevent discoloration. The use of photoinitiators with sterically demanding benzoyl moieties, as well as the addition of stabilizers, effectively decreases the intensity of emerging discoloration. Furthermore, incorporating the oxidizing agent cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) results in materials that maintain color stability.
Performance Enhancement of Biopolyester Blends by Reactive Compatibilization with Maleic Anhydride-Grafted Poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate)
Authors: Samaniego-Aguilar Kerly , Sanchez-Safont Estefania , Pisa-Ripoll Ignacio , Torres-Giner Sergio , Flores Yaiza , Lagaron Jose M. , Cabedo Luis , Gamez-Perez Jose
Published: August 2024

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) is a very promising biodegradable copolyester of high interest in food packaging. Its inherent brittleness and narrow processing window make it necessary to blend it with flexible biopolyesters, such as poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA). However, the resultant biopolyester blends are thermodynamically immiscible, which impairs their performance and limits their applications. This study is the first to explore the use of poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) grafted with maleic anhydride (PBS-g-MAH) as a novel reactive additive to compatibilize PHBV/PBSA blends. The compatibilizer was prepared by a reactive melt-mixing process of PBSA and maleic anhydride (MAH) using dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as an organic radical initiator, achieving a grafting degree (Gd) of 5.4%. Biopolyester blend films were thereafter prepared via cast extrusion and their morphological, thermal, mechanical, and barrier properties were characterized. Compatibilization by PBSA-g-MAH was confirmed by observing an improved phase interaction and lower dispersed domain sizes in the blends with 15 wt% PBSA. These compatibilized PHBV/PBSA blends were thermally stable up to 285 °C, showed enhanced ductility and toughness, as well as providing an improved barrier against water and limonene vapors and oxygen. These findings suggest that the use of MAH-grafted biopolyesters can represent an effective strategy to improve the properties of biopolyester blends and open up new opportunities for the application of PHBV-based formulations for food packaging.
Research on the Identification Method of Respiratory Characteristic Parameters during Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Zhang Yuxin , Bai Jing , Ma Xingyi , Xu Yu
Published: August 2024

In order to enhance the accuracy of ventilator parameter setting, this paper analyzes two identification methods for respiratory characteristic parameters of non-invasive ventilators and invasive ventilators. For non-invasive ventilators, a respiratory characteristic parameter identification method based on a respiration model is established. In this method, the patient’s respiratory sample set is obtained through non-invasive measurements. Experimental results demonstrate that the mean relative error of pulmonary elastance identification was 14.25%, and the mean relative error of intrapulmonary pressure identification was 12.33% using the Romberg integral algorithm. For chronic patients using non-invasive ventilators, the fault-tolerant space for ventilator parameter setting is large; this method meets the requirement of auxiliary setting of non-invasive ventilator parameters. For invasive ventilators, a respiratory characteristic parameter identification method based on the AVOV–BP neural network is established. In this method, the patient’s respiratory sample set is obtained through real-time invasive measurements. Even with small sample datasets, experimental results show that the mean relative error of pulmonary elastance identification and intrapulmonary pressure identification were both 0.22%. For critically ill patients using invasive ventilators, the fault-tolerant space for ventilator parameter setting is small; this method meets the requirement of auxiliary setting of invasive ventilator parameters.
Reliability Analysis and Structural Optimization of Circuit Board Based on Vibration Mode Analysis and Random Vibration
Authors: Tian Jing , Shi Enyu , Zhong Jiaxi , Chen Yushen , Deng Xiaolei , Li Guohua
Published: August 2024

As the core component of electronic equipment, vibration load has an important effect on the reliability of circuit boards. However, construction machinery has high requirements for construction efficiency and safety performance, and also has high maintenance costs. In this paper, a vibration reliability analysis and structural optimization of the control circuit board of a drilling rig are conducted. First, Failure Mode, Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) qualitative and quantitative analysis were used to find the weak links in the circuit board. The quantitative and qualitative analysis results of FMECA and FTA show that the critical probability importance values of the chip inductor and TVS diode short circuit are the highest, at 0.249 and 0.173, respectively. They are up to 0.239 higher than those of the other components. Then, according to the analysis results, a precise simplified model is established for the core components, including the weak links, and modal simulations and modal tests are carried out. The key influencing parameters are obtained through comparative analysis and research on natural frequency and frequency response curves. Finally, the position of the stress–strain sensitive source in the real working environment is determined by a dynamic simulation analysis of the random vibration performance of the finite element model. The results can provide an optimization basis for an anti-vibration design of circuit boards.
Prophet Elijah as a Weather God in Church Slavonic Apocryphal Works
Authors: Santos Marinas Enrique
Published: August 2024

The prophet Elijah took over the role of the Slavic pre-Christian god Perun as a weather god among the East and South Slavs in the period of syncretism just after the Christianization. We can find several examples of this in the twelfth-century Primary Chronicle or Tale of Bygone Years. However, unlike other characters from the Old Testament, Elijah was not honored with extensive translations of full apocryphal works, except for a group of Church Slavonic apocryphal fragments. Nonetheless, some original works devoted to the prophet Elijah were composed, such as the encomium attributed to St. Clement of Ohrid (9th–10th c.) or the Chants from the Orthodox Soul devoted to the Apocalyptic role of the prophet (15th c.). Along these lines, we will compare the latter with the extant apocryphal fragments in order to establish the possible influence of the apocryphal works, as well as identify original Slavic motifs that could date back to the pre-Christian period.
A Hypothesis Test for the Long-Term Calibration in Rating Systems with Overlapping Time Windows
Authors: Kurth Patrick , Nendel Max , Streicher Jan
Published: August 2024

We present a statistical test for the long-term calibration in rating systems that can deal with overlapping time windows as required by the guidelines of the European Banking Authority (EBA), which apply to major financial institutions in the European System. In accordance with regulation, rating systems are to be calibrated and validated with respect to the long-run default rate. The consideration of one-year default rates on a quarterly basis leads to correlation effects which drastically influence the variance of the long-run default rate. In a first step, we show that the long-run default rate is approximately normally distributed. We then perform a detailed analysis of the correlation effects caused by the overlapping time windows and solve the problem of an unknown distribution of default probabilities.
Estimating Aboveground Biomass of Wetland Plant Communities from Hyperspectral Data Based on Fractional-Order Derivatives and Machine Learning
Authors: Li Huazhe , Tang Xiying , Cui Lijuan , Zhai Xiajie , Wang Junjie , Zhao Xinsheng , Li Jing , Lei Yinru , Wang Jinzhi , Wang Rumiao , Li Wei
Published: August 2024

Wetlands, as a crucial component of terrestrial ecosystems, play a significant role in global ecological services. Aboveground biomass (AGB) is a key indicator of the productivity and carbon sequestration potential of wetland ecosystems. The current research methods for remote-sensing estimation of biomass either rely on traditional vegetation indices or merely perform integer-order differential transformations on the spectra, failing to fully leverage the information complexity of hyperspectral data. To identify an effective method for estimating AGB of mixed-wetland-plant communities, we conducted field surveys of AGB from three typical wetlands within the Crested Ibis National Nature Reserve in Hanzhong, Shaanxi, and concurrently acquired canopy hyperspectral data with a portable spectrometer. The spectral features were transformed by applying fractional-order differentiation (0.0 to 2.0) to extract optimal feature combinations. AGB prediction models were built using three machine learning models, XGBoost, Random Forest (RF), and CatBoost, and the accuracy of each model was evaluated. The combination of fractional-order differentiation, vegetation indices, and feature importance effectively yielded the optimal feature combinations, and integrating vegetation indices with feature bands enhanced the predictive accuracy of the models. Among the three machine-learning models, the RF model achieved superior accuracy using the 0.8-order differential transformation of vegetation indices and feature bands (R2 = 0.673, RMSE = 23.196, RPD = 1.736). The optimal RF model was visually interpreted using Shapley Additive Explanations, which revealed that the contribution of each feature varied across individual sample predictions. Our study provides methodological and technical support for remote-sensing monitoring of wetland AGB.
Development of a Neural Network for Target Gas Detection in Interdigitated Electrode Sensor-Based E-Nose Systems
Authors: Kaya Kadir , Ebeoğlu Mehmet Ali
Published: August 2024

In this study, a neural network was developed for the detection of acetone, ethanol, chloroform, and air pollutant NO2 gases using an Interdigitated Electrode (IDE) sensor-based e-nose system. A bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS)-based interface circuit was used to measure sensor responses in the e-nose system. The sensor was fed with a sinusoidal voltage at 10 MHz frequency and 0.707 V amplitude. Sensor responses were sampled at 100 Hz frequency and converted to digital data with 16-bit resolution. The highest change in impedance magnitude obtained in the e-nose system against chloroform gas was recorded as 24.86 Ω over a concentration range of 0–11,720 ppm. The highest gas detection sensitivity of the e-nose system was calculated as 0.7825 Ω/ppm against 6.7 ppm NO2 gas. Before training with the neural network, data were filtered from noise using Kalman filtering. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to the improved signal data for dimensionality reduction, separating them from noise and outliers with low variance and non-informative characteristics. The neural network model created is multi-layered and employs the backpropagation algorithm. The Xavier initialization method was used for determining the initial weights of neurons. The neural network successfully classified NO2 (6.7 ppm), acetone (1820 ppm), ethanol (1820 ppm), and chloroform (1465 ppm) gases with a test accuracy of 87.16%. The neural network achieved this test accuracy in a training time of 239.54 milliseconds. As sensor sensitivity increases, the detection capability of the neural network also improves.
A Memo on Factors Associated with Perception of Stigma Attached to PrEP: Evidence from the Keeping It LITE Study
Authors: Davoudpour Shahin , Phillips II Gregory L. , Serrano Pedro A. , French Audrey L. , Hosek Sybil G.
Published: August 2024

Although perception of stigma (PS) has been dubbed as a key barrier to the optimal uptake of PrEP, research on PS is sparse. More specifically, no scholarly work has explored factors associated with the expression of PS toward PrEP use. This study addresses the literature gap by investigating factors associated with PS toward PrEP use. Data were drawn from the baseline survey (2017–2019) of the “Keeping It LITE Study”, involving a large cohort (n = 3330) of young sexual minority men, transgender men and women, and non-binary individuals in the US. Participants’ ages ranged from 13 to 34 years, with the majority (87%) assigned male at birth. The racial composition of the sample was diverse, with 53.9% identifying as white, 19.8% as Latinx, 10.7% as Black or African American, and smaller proportions as Asian, American Indian or Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, and another race/ethnicity. Logistic regression models were utilized to examine two common measures of PS in PrEP use: (1) the perception that PrEP users are seen as promiscuous and (2) the perception that PrEP users are assumed to be HIV-positive. Two sets of models were developed to account for the correlation between gender identity and sex assigned at birth. The results suggest strong PS among current PrEP users, which can explain the weak PrEP adherence reported among this group. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to mitigate PS and enhance PrEP uptake and adherence in vulnerable populations. Social and practical implications of the results and directions for future research are discussed.
A Survey of Attitude on Sperm Banking and Barriers to Its Use among Testicular Cancer Patients in a Multicultural Asian Population
Authors: Tan Jin Rong , Goh Yue Keng , Lei Chang Moh , Shamsudin Nurul Murni , Omar Shamsuddin , Lim Meng Shi , Teh Guan Chou
Published: August 2024

Introduction and Objectives: In the modern context, where fertility is crucial for couples, male factors contribute 40–50% to subfertility. Testicular cancer survivors facing subfertility due to treatments like orchidectomy and chemotherapy can benefit from sperm banking. However, awareness is lacking, especially in culturally sensitive Asian populations where sex and fertility discussions are taboo. This study aims to assess attitudes and utilization of sperm banking, evaluate its impact on pregnancy outcomes, and identify implementation obstacles. Materials and Methods: A phone interview survey targeted testicular cancer patients treated at Hospital Sultanah Aminah Johor Bahru and Sarawak General Hospital in Malaysia (2019–2023). Of the 102 identified patients, 62 participated. Investigators, using contact details from medical records, conducted interviews with a blend of quantitative and qualitative inquiries. Bivariate analysis identified factors linked to the decision to pursue sperm banking. Results: Out of 62 participants, 58.1% were aware of sperm banking, yet 90.3% chose not to utilize it. Reasons for declining included physician non-offer (41.1%), cost concerns (21.4%), a desire for prompt treatment (16.1%), lack of interest (14.3%), and other factors (7.1%). Among six patients opting for sperm banking, 50% utilized banked sperm, resulting in successful progeny for two-thirds. Notably, one case led to multiple pregnancies. Ethnicity (p = 0.046) and religion (p = 0.026) significantly influenced decisions, with Muslim Malays being the least likely to utilize sperm banking. Conclusion: Sperm banking emerges as a cost-effective strategy for safeguarding fertility in testicular cancer patients. Healthcare providers should proactively offer this option before treatment, ensuring patients are well-informed and addressing concerns to foster informed decisions.
Uro-Oncology Multidisciplinary Team Meetings at an Australian Tertiary Centre: A Detailed Analysis of Cases, Decision Outcomes, Impacts on Patient Treatment, Documentation, and Clinician Attendance
Authors: Shanmugasundaram Ramesh , Buckby Alex , Miller John , Kahokehr Arman
Published: August 2024

Objectives: There is currently limited local and international literature on the characteristics of uro-oncology multi-disciplinary team meetings (MDTMs) and their impact on clinical decision making. The aims of this study were to provide a comprehensive descriptive analysis of MDTMs at an Australian tertiary hospital over a 12-month period and their impacts on patient management, and to evaluate adherence to MDTM plans. Methods: We conducted a review of a prospectively maintained database of all uro-oncology MDTMs held within the Northern Adelaide Local Health Network (NALHN) over a 12-month period in 2020–2021. Results: During this 12-month period, 24 MDT meetings were conducted, in which 280 patients were discussed. Overall, MDTMs resulted in modifications to the management of 25.7% of patients, which was consistent across all three major tumour streams (24% for prostate cancer, 29% for renal cell carcinoma, and 22% for urothelial carcinoma). MDTMs also facilitated cross referrals between specialties for 105 patients (37.5%), including 5 patients who were considered for entry into clinical trials. There was a high acceptance rate, with adherence to MDT recommendations for 270 of the 278 patients discussed (96.4%). MDTM plans were fully implemented within a 6-month period. Conclusions: We provided a detailed analysis of uro-oncology MDTMs at an Australian tertiary referral centre, demonstrating that MDTMs facilitate optimal cancer management for patients with urological cancers.
Individual Resilience and Disaster-Specific Adaptation and Resilience Following a Bushfire Event in Regional Queensland
Authors: Rockloff Susan F. , Anderson Carina C. , Burton Lucinda P. , Terry Victoria R. , Jensen Sally K. , Nolan Anne , Terry Peter C.
Published: August 2024

Natural disasters such as bushfires are a test of individual and group resilience, and in extreme cases, threaten the sustainability of communities. Bushfires have long been common in Australia, although anthropogenic climate change has exacerbated their prevalence and severity. The aim of the present study was to assess the individual resilience and disaster-specific adaptation and resilience of community members in the wake of a bushfire event. Using a quantitative, cross-sectional design, an adult community sample of 165 residents of Noosa Shire in regional Queensland, Australia completed the 25-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC©) and the 43-item Disaster Adaptation and Resilience Scale (DARS). Mean scores for the CD-RISC© indicated significantly greater resilience (p < 0.001) than reported previously for a large Australian community cohort. Similarly, the DARS scores indicated significantly greater adaptation and resilience (p < 0.001) than that of a comparable cohort in the USA. The two oldest groups of residents (66+ years and 51–65 years) reported significantly greater adaptation and resilience than the group of younger residents (≤50 years; p < 0.001). The study findings provide the Noosa Shire community with an objective baseline from which they can assess the efficacy of future resilience-building initiatives and, more broadly, offer a valuable point of reference for future disaster-related research.
Investigating School Principals’ Burnout: A Cross-Cultural Perspective on Stress, Sustainability, and Organizational Climate
Authors: Sibisanu Remus , Cseminschi Stanislav , Ionica Andreea , Leba Monica , Draghici Anca , Nassar Yunis
Published: August 2024

Chronic stress, culminating in burnout, evolves gradually and is notoriously difficult to detect due to vague symptoms and individuals’ hesitances to acknowledge their struggles. To expedite the identification and recognition of this condition, enabling timely psychological intervention, the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly being considered. This research does not assert the feasibility of an AI system managing all aspects of chronic stress’s impact. However, it highlights the capability of current technology to detect stress indicators based on quantifiable data like Heart Rate (HR) and organizational climate dimensions. Although other physiological markers such as oximetry, skin galvanic response, and EKG have been explored, they have not shown reliable differentiation between stress and joy. Focused on the unique context of school principals in the Bedouin region of Israel, this study investigates the interplay between HR, organizational climate, and stress levels. It introduces a novel application of a fuzzy logic tool that combines HR and organizational climate metrics to aid in stress diagnosis. This tool incorporates the psychologist’s expertise to provide real-time data crucial for developing effective coping strategies. While the AI-supported fuzzy system does not replace professional psychological intervention, it significantly enhances the speed of condition identification and intervention planning, thus shortening the response time to stress-related issues in educational leadership within culturally specific settings. The application of such AI-driven tools is pivotal for sustaining the well-being and effectiveness of educational leaders, thereby supporting the broader goal of educational sustainability.
Knowledge Transfer within Enterprises from the Perspective of Innovation Quality Management: A Decision Analysis Based on the Stackelberg Game
Authors: Wang Shumei , Sun Ming , Xu Yaoqun
Published: August 2024

It is of great significance to study the effectiveness of knowledge transfer between the new and the veteran employees within enterprises for promoting sustainable innovation from the perspective of innovation quality management. However, few studies have examined the impact of innovation quality on the effectiveness of knowledge transfer between the new and veteran employees. In addition, knowledge of how reward and punishment incentives affect the effectiveness of knowledge transfer in innovation quality management remains insufficient. Since the amount of knowledge transfer is an important aspect of the effectiveness of knowledge transfer, this paper constructs a Stackelberg game model with an innovation-quality-oriented threshold of the knowledge transfer amount and investigates the amount of knowledge transfer between new and veteran employees in the collaborative innovation of research and development (R&D) projects within enterprises. A case study was used to reveal that the innovation-quality-oriented threshold for the knowledge transfer amount can effectively promote the amount of knowledge transfer between the new and the veteran employees in collaborative innovation. Moreover, reward is more effective than punishment in promoting the amount of knowledge transfer to exceed the innovation-quality-oriented threshold. This study enriches the theories of knowledge transfer games under quality management. By virtue of end-to-end project management strategies, modern multimedia technologies, and reward incentives this study can be used to conduct quality control during project execution, to promote knowledge retention in R&D projects, the innovation quality of projects, and the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The research methodology employed in this paper was limited to a case study, and the data utilized are not empirical data.
Spatio-Temporal Evolution and Multi-Scenario Prediction of Ecosystem Carbon Storage in Chang-Zhu-Tan Urban Agglomeration Based on the FLUS-InVEST Model
Authors: Sun Weiyi , Liu Xianzhao
Published: August 2024

Land use/land cover change has a significant indicative effect on the carbon storage of terrestrial ecosystems. We selected Chang-Zhu-Tan urban agglomeration as the research object, coupled FLUS and InVEST models to explore the changes in land use and carbon storage in the region from 2010 to 2020, and predicted their spatiotemporal evolution characteristics under three scenarios in 2035: natural development (S1), ecological development priority (S2) and urban development priority (S3). Spatial autocorrelation was used to analyze the spatial distribution of carbon storage. The results revealed a rapid urban expansion encroaching on cultivated land and forest from 2010 to 2020, resulting in a total urban area of 1957.50 km2 by 2020. Carbon storage experienced a total loss of 6.86 × 106 t, primarily between 2010 and 2015. The InVEST model indicated a spatial distribution in a pattern of “low in the middle and high around”, with areas of low carbon storage showing large-scale faceted aggregate distribution by 2035. Under different regional development scenarios, the S3 exhibited the highest carbon storage loss, reaching 150.93 × 106 t. The S1 experienced a decline of 136.30 × 106 t, while the S2 only experienced a reduction of 24.26 × 106 t. The primary driving factor of carbon storage reduction is the conversion of forest and cultivated land into urban areas. It is recommended that the implementation of regional ecological protection policies and the optimization of land use structures effectively minimize the loss of carbon storage.
Sensitivity Analysis of Urban Landscape Lake Transparency Based on Machine Learning in Taiyuan City
Authors: Zhou Yuan , Lv Yongkang , Dong Jing , Yuan Jin , Hui Xiaomei
Published: August 2024

This article addresses the challenge of maintaining water quality in urban landscape lakes in water-scarce cities using transparency as the key indicator. The sensitivity of water transparency to nine water quality parameters, including chlorophyll a and inorganic suspended solids, in 16 urban landscape lakes of the city of Taiyuan was evaluated using the Sobol and Morris sensitivity analysis methods. The results indicate that for water bodies supplied by surface water, critical factors include chlorophyll a and hydraulic retention time. For water bodies supplied by tap water, inorganic suspended solids and total phosphorus are more significant. Water bodies with a dual function of urban flood control should focus on dissolved oxygen, ammonium nitrogen, and chemical oxygen demand. Based on these findings, targeted management strategies are proposed to enhance algae management, control suspended solids input, and adjust water retention times, aiming to improve the transparency and quality of Taiyuan’s urban landscape.
Effect of Soil Erosion on Soil and Plant Properties with a Consequence on Related Ecosystem Services
Authors: Kanianska Radoslava , Kizeková Miriam , Jančová Ľubica , Čunderlík Jozef , Dugátová Zuzana
Published: August 2024

Erosion is a process often driven by land management deteriorating or changing soil properties along the slopes, with consequences on ecosystem services. In a model area with Stagnic Cambisol, with two different types of land use (grassland—GL and arable land—AL), on an erosion transect in three different hillslope positions (upper, middle, and lower), in two different depths (0–10 and 35–45 cm), we observed the impact of soil erosion on soil and plant properties and ecosystem services by use of direct measurements and models. In GL, soil available potassium (SK), soil available phosphorus (SP) and pH increased both downward along the slope and in soil depth. A significantly (p < 0.01) higher content of plant nutrients (PN, PP, and PK) and shoot biomass was recorded in the lower part of the hillslope. In AL, soil parameters (pH, SOC, SN, and SOC/SN) reached the lowest values at the middle hillslope position at the shallowest depth. A relatively negligible annual average soil loss was recorded for GL (0.76 t/ha/yr). To the contrary, a very high rate of soil erosion was found for AL with maize silage. The actual soil moisture was 50% higher in GL compared to AL, which was reflected also in the soil water deficit index (SWDI) being more favorable for GL.
Exploring Food Waste from a Segmentation and Intervention Perspective—What Design Cues Matter? A Narrative Review
Authors: Norton Victoria , Lignou Stella , Oloyede Omobolanle O. , Vásquez Geraldine , Arreola Paulina Anguiano , Alexi Niki
Published: August 2024

Food waste is a global challenge and fits within the remit of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 12; hence, strategies to promote engagement, especially at an individual level, are key to maximise societal benefits. Accordingly, it is important to understand the relevant design cues from a segmentation and intervention viewpoint for food waste. This review aims to explore (i) common characteristics associated with food waste segmentation and (ii) delivery formats typically utilised in food waste interventions. Overall, it was apparent that food waste encompasses a broad term per se, resulting in varying quantification approaches, which subsequently contribute to heterogenicity of the findings. However, key themes emerged, such as gender, age, food waste level, motivation, engagement and environment as common components from the food waste segmentation. Visual (text, infographic, booklets), audio/oral (videos, door stepping, coaching), interactive (recipe, community engagement, diary/notepad) and touch (magnet, bins, stickers) were the dominant delivery formats used in food waste interventions; suggesting that a combination of senses is required to successfully promote engagement and behavioural effects. Going forwards, more consistency in measuring food waste is needed to enable comparison (within and between countries), coupled with the consideration of design cues, so that toolkits can be developed to meet the needs of differing consumer segments.
Secondary School Students’ Engagement with Environmental Issues via Teaching Approaches Inspired by Green Chemistry
Authors: Koulougliotis Dionysios , Paschalidou Katerina , Salta Katerina
Published: August 2024

Green chemistry refers to the design and application of practices that prevent pollution and promote environmental sustainability. A set of 12 principles make up the core of the green chemistry philosophy, and, since their emergence, they have been implemented in the educational practice of tertiary education. Over the past few years, the green chemistry approach has started expanding among secondary education as well. This review discusses green chemistry teaching experiences in secondary education as reported in 70 scientific publications (from 2002 to the present) that were identified via a literature search. All identified documents were examined and analyzed to map their green chemistry content and relevant environmental issues, the degree of the connection between the chemistry concepts and environmental issues (“environmentalization”), the implemented teaching-learning approaches, and, when applicable, the achieved learning outcomes. Analysis showed that all 12 green chemistry principles were covered within the identified publications, with the ones referring to prevention and the use of renewable feedstocks being the most frequent. The publications touch upon several environmental issues, with the most frequent being those referring to hazardous chemical waste, alternative energy resources, and recycling. Most of the publications correspond to a medium degree of environmentalization. The inquiry-based, hands-on-based, problem-based, context-based, and socio-scientific issues-based teaching approaches were shown to be the most widely used. Regarding the achieved learning goals, those mostly explored were related to the cognitive and affective domains. This comprehensive review may provide a solid foundation for the organization and design of novel curricula that will integrate green chemistry into education for sustainable development programs in secondary education.
Analysis, Assessment, and Mitigation of Stress Corrosion Cracking in Austenitic Stainless Steels in the Oil and Gas Sector: A Review
Authors: Vakili Mohammadtaghi , Koutník Petr , Kohout Jan , Gholami Zahra
Published: August 2024

This comprehensive review examines the phenomena of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking (Cl-SCC) in materials commonly used in the oil and gas industry, with a focus on austenitic stainless steels. The study reveals that SCC initiation can occur at temperatures as low as 20 °C, while Cl-SCC propagation rates significantly increase above 60 °C, reaching up to 0.1 mm/day in environments with high chloride concentrations. Experimental methods such as Slow Strain Rate Tests (SSRTs), Small Punch Tests (SPTs), and Constant-Load Tests (CLTs) were employed to quantify the impacts of temperature, chloride concentration, and pH on SCC susceptibility. The results highlight the critical role of these factors in determining the susceptibility of materials to SCC. The review emphasizes the importance of implementing various mitigation strategies to prevent SCC, including the use of corrosion-resistant alloys, protective coatings, cathodic protection, and corrosion inhibitors. Additionally, regular monitoring using advanced sensor technologies capable of detecting early signs of SCC is crucial for preventing the onset of SCC. The study concludes with practical recommendations for enhancing infrastructure resilience through meticulous material selection, comprehensive environmental monitoring, and proactive maintenance strategies, aimed at safeguarding operational integrity and ensuring environmental compliance. The review underscores the significance of considering the interplay between mechanical stresses and corrosive environments in the selection and application of materials in the oil and gas industry. Low pH levels and high temperatures facilitate the rapid progression of SCC, with experimental results indicating that stainless steel forms passive films with more defects under these conditions, reducing corrosion resistance. This interplay highlights the need for a comprehensive understanding of the complex interactions between materials, environments, and mechanical stresses to ensure the long-term integrity of critical infrastructure.
A Momentum Map for the Heisenberg Group
Authors: Cushman Richard
Published: August 2024

We look at a momentum map associated with the Heisenberg group. We show that the cocycle associated with its momentum mapping is the value of a modulus of an associated coadjoint orbit.
AI-Enabled 6G Internet of Things: Opportunities, Key Technologies, Challenges, and Future Directions
Authors: Maduranga Madduma Wellalage Pasan , Tilwari Valmik , Rathnayake R. M. M. R. , Sandamini Chamali
Published: August 2024

The advent of sixth-generation (6G) networks promises revolutionary advancements in wireless communication, marked by unprecedented speeds, ultra-low latency, and ubiquitous connectivity. This research paper delves into the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in 6G network applications, exploring the challenges and outlining future directions for this transformative synergy. The study investigates the key AI technologies for 6G: the potential of AI to optimize network performance, enhance user experience, and enable novel applications in diverse domains and AI-enabled applications. Analyzing the current landscape, the paper identifies key challenges such as scalability, security, and ethical considerations in deploying AI-enabled 6G networks. Moreover, it explores the dynamic interplay between AI and 6G technologies, shedding light on the intricate relationships that underpin their successful integration. The research contributes valuable insights to the ongoing discourse surrounding the convergence of AI and 6G networks, laying the groundwork for a robust and intelligent future communication infrastructure.
Patient Characteristics and Real-World Use of Botulinum Toxins for the Treatment of Cervical Dystonia, Blepharospasm, and Hemifacial Spasm
Authors: Hast Michael A. , Kong Amanda M. , Desai Shaina , Back Soo , Syed Sahar , Holmes Jordan
Published: August 2024

Movement disorders such as cervical dystonia, blepharospasm, and hemifacial spasm negatively impact the quality of life of people living with these conditions. Botulinum toxin (BoNT) injections are commonly used to treat these disorders. We sought to describe patient characteristics, BoNT utilization, and potential adverse events (AEs) among patients with cervical dystonia, blepharospasm, and hemifacial spasm using Optum’s de-identified Clinformatics® Data Mart Database. Patients were required to have a diagnosis of the specific condition plus evidence of treatment with BoNT between 8/1/2010 and 5/31/2022. Cervical dystonia patients were commonly females (76%) and aged 45 and older (78%); both blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm patients were commonly females (both 69%) and aged 65 and older (61% and 56%, respectively). Anticholinergics were commonly used (65–82% across cohorts), as were peripheral muscle relaxants for cervical dystonia patients specifically (31%). The median number of injections per year was 2 with the median weeks between injections being between 13 and 15. Of the AEs evaluated, dyspnea was identified frequently across all the cohorts (14–20%). The findings were similar for different BoNT formulations. More research is needed to thoroughly describe BoNT utilization, such as the doses injected, and to optimize treatment for patients with these conditions.
Centenary of Alexander Friedmann’s Prediction of Universe Expansion and the Prospects of Modern Cosmology
Authors: Klimchitskaya Galina L. , Mostepanenko Vladimir M. , Sushkov Sergey V.
Published: August 2024

In this Editorial to the Special Issue “The Friedmann Cosmology: A Century Later”, we consider an outstanding character of Friedmann’s prediction of Universe expansion, which laid the foundation of modern cosmology. The list of the main discoveries made in cosmology during the last one hundred years is followed by a formulation of the standard cosmological model. The articles contributing to the Special Issue are considered in relation to this model, and to several alternative theoretical approaches. Special attention is paid to unresolved problems, such as the nature of dark matter and dark energy, Hubble tension and the pre-inflationary stage of the Universe evolution. The conclusion is made that astrophysics and cosmology are on the threshold of new fundamental discoveries.
Membrane Retention of West Nile Virus NS5 Depends on NS1 or NS3 for Enzymatic Activity
Authors: Tseng Alanna C. , Nerurkar Vivek R. , Neupane Kabi R. , Kae Helmut , Kaufusi Pakieli H.
Published: August 2024

West Nile virus (WNV) nonstructural protein 5 (NS5) possesses multiple enzymatic domains essential for viral RNA replication. During infection, NS5 predominantly localizes to unique replication organelles (ROs) at the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), known as vesicle packets (VPs) and convoluted membranes (CMs), with a portion of NS5 accumulating in the nucleus. NS5 is a soluble protein that must be in the VP, where its enzymatic activities are required for viral RNA synthesis. However, the mechanistic processes behind the recruitment of NS5 from the cytoplasm to the RER membrane remain unclear. Here, we utilize high-resolution confocal microscopy and sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation to investigate whether the association of NS5 with other NS proteins contributes to its membrane recruitment and retention. We demonstrate that NS1 or NS3 partially influences the NS5 association with the membrane. We further demonstrate that processed NS5 is predominantly in the cytoplasm and nucleus, indicating that the processing of NS5 from the viral polyprotein does not contribute to its membrane localization. These observations suggest that other host or viral factors, such as the enwrapment of NS5 by the RO, may also be necessary for the complete membrane retention of NS5. Therefore, studies on the inhibitors that disrupt the membrane localization of WNV NS5 are warranted for antiviral drug development.