bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Constraining stochastic 3-D structural geological models with topology information using Approximate Bayesian Computation using GemPy 2.1
Authors: Schaaf Alexander , de la Varga Miguel , Wellmann Florian , Bond Clare E.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Structural geomodeling is a key technology for the visualization and quantification of subsurface systems. Given the limited data and the resulting necessity for geological interpretation to construct these geomodels, uncertainty is pervasive and traditionally unquantified. Probabilistic geomodeling allows for the simulation of uncertainties by automatically constructing geomodels from perturbed input data sampled from probability distributions. But random sampling of input parameters can lead to construction of geomodels that are unrealistic, either due to modeling artefacts or by not matching known information about the regional geology of the modeled system. We present here a method to incorporate geological information in the form of geomodel topology into stochastic simulations to constrain resulting probabilistic geomodel ensembles. Simulated geomodel realisations are checked against topology information using a likelihood-free Approximate Bayesian Computation approach. We demonstrate how we can learn our input data parameter (prior) distributions on topology information in two experiments: (1) A synthetic geomodel using a rejection sampling scheme (ABC-REJ) to demonstrate the approach; (2) A geomodel of a subset of the Gullfaks field in the North Sea, comparing both rejection sampling and a Sequential Monte Carlo sampler (ABC-SMC). We also discuss possible speed-ups of using more advanced sampling techniques to avoid simulation of unfeasible geomodels in the first place. Results demonstrate the feasibility to use topology as a summary statistic, to restrict the generation of model ensembles with additional geological information and to obtain improved ensembles of probable geomodels using stochastic simulation methods.
The Environment and Climate Change Canada Carbon
Assimilation System (EC-CAS v1.0): demonstration with simulated
CO observations
Authors: Khade Vikram , Polavarapu Saroja M. , Neish Michael , Houtekamer Pieter L. , Jones Dylan B. A. , Baek Seung-Jong , He Tailong , Gravel Sylvie
Published: August 2020

Abstract. In this study, we present the development of a new coupled weather and greenhouse gas (GHG) data assimilation system based on Environment and Climate Change Canada's (ECCC's) operational Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF). The estimated meteorological state is augmented to include three chemical constituents: CO2, CO and CH4. Variable localization is used to prevent the direct update of meteorology by the observations of the constituents and vice versa. Physical localization is used to damp spurious analysis increments far from a given observation. Perturbed flux fields are used to account for the uncertainty in CO due to error in the fluxes. The system is demonstrated for the estimation of 3-dimensional CO states using simulated observations from a variety of networks. First, a hypothetically dense uniformly distributed observation network is used to demonstrate that the system is working. More realistic observation networks based on surface hourly observations, and space-based observations provide a demonstration of the complementarity of the different networks and further confirm the reasonable behaviour of the coupled assimilation system. Having demonstrated the ability to estimate CO distributions, this system will be extended to estimate surface fluxes in the future.
Advances in Soil Moisture Retrieval from Multispectral Remote Sensing Using Unmanned Aircraft Systems and Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Araya Samuel N. , Fryjoff-Hung Anna , Anderson Andreas , Viers Joshua H. , Ghezzehei Teamrat A.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. We developed machine learning models to retrieve surface soil moisture (0–4 cm) from high resolution multispectral imagery using terrain attributes and local climate covariates. Using a small unmanned aircraft system (UAS) equipped with a multispectral sensor we captured high resolution imagery in part to create a high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) as well as quantify relative vegetation photosynthetic status. We tested four different machine learning algorithms. The boosted regression tree algorithm gave the best prediction with mean absolute error of 3.8 % volumetric water content. The most important variables for the prediction of soil moisture were precipitation, reflectance in the red wavelengths, potential evapotranspiration, and topographic position indices (TPI). Our results demonstrate that the dynamics of soil water status across heterogeneous terrain may be adequately described and predicted by UAS remote sensing data and machine learning. Our modeling approach and the variable importance and relationships we have assessed in this study should be useful for management and environmental modeling tasks where spatially explicit soil moisture information is important.
A monthly tidal envelope classification for semidiurnal regimes in terms of the relative proportions of the S2, N2, and M2 constituents
Authors: Byun Do-Seong , Hart Deirdre E.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Daily tidal water level variations are a key control on
shore ecology, on access to marine environments via ports, jetties, and
wharves, on drainage links between the ocean and coastal hydrosystems such
as lagoons and estuaries, and on the duration and frequency of opportunities
to access the intertidal zone for recreation and food harvesting purposes.
Further, high perigean spring tides interact with extreme weather events to
produce significant coastal inundations in low-lying coastal settlements such
as on deltas. Thus an understanding of daily through monthly tidal
envelope characteristics is fundamental for resilient coastal management and
development practices. For decades, scientists have described and compared
daily tidal forms around the world's coasts based on the four main tidal
amplitudes. Our paper builds on this “daily” method by adjusting the
constituent analysis to distinguish between the different monthly types of tidal
envelopes occurring in the semidiurnal coastal waters around New Zealand.
Analyses of tidal records from 27 stations are used alongside data from the
FES2014 tide model in order to find the key characteristics and constituent
ratios of tides that can be used to classify monthly tidal envelopes. The
resulting monthly tidal envelope classification approach described (E) is
simple, complementary to the successful and much used daily tidal form
factor (F), and of use for coastal flooding and maritime operation management
and planning applications in areas with semidiurnal regimes.
Game theory interpretation of digital soil mapping convolutional neural networks
Authors: Padarian José , McBratney Alex B. , Minasny Budiman
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The use of complex models such as deep neural networks has yielded large improvements in predictive tasks in many fields including digital soil
mapping. One of the concerns about using these models is that they are perceived as black boxes with low interpretability. In this paper we
introduce the use of game theory, specifically Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) values, in order to interpret a digital soil mapping model. SHAP
values represent the contribution of a covariate to the final model predictions. We applied this method to a multi-task convolutional neural network
trained to predict soil organic carbon in Chile. The results show the contribution of each covariate to the model predictions in three different
contexts: (a) at a local level, showing the contribution of the various covariates for a single prediction; (b) a global understanding of the
covariate contribution; and (c) a spatial interpretation of their contributions. The latter constitutes a novel application of SHAP values and also
the first detailed analysis of a model in a spatial context. The analysis of a SOC (soil organic carbon) model in Chile corroborated that the model is capturing sensible
relationships between SOC and rainfall, temperature, elevation, slope, and topographic wetness index. The results agree with commonly reported
relationships, highlighting environmental thresholds that coincide with significant areas within the study area. This contribution addresses the
limitations of the current interpretation of models in digital soil mapping, especially in a spatial context. We believe that SHAP values are a
valuable tool that should be included within the DSM (digital soil mapping) framework, since they address the important concerns regarding the interpretability of more
complex models. The model interpretation is a crucial step that could lead to generating new knowledge to improve our understanding of soils.
A regime view of future atmospheric circulation changes in Northern mid-latitudes
Authors: Fabiano Federico , Meccia Virna , Davini Paolo , Ghinassi Paolo , Corti Susanna
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Future wintertime atmospheric circulation changes in the Euro-Atlantic (EAT) and Pacific-North American (PNA) sectors are studied from a Weather Regimes perspective. The CMIP5 and CMIP6 historical simulations performance in reproducing the observed regimes is first evaluated, showing a general improvement of CMIP6 models, more evident for EAT. The circulation changes projected by CMIP5 and CMIP6 scenario simulations are analyzed in terms of the change in the frequency and persistence of the regimes. In the EAT sector, significant positive trends are found for the frequency and persistence of NAO+ for SSP245, SSP370 and SSP585 scenarios, with a concomitant decrease in the frequency of the Scandinavian Blocking and Atlantic Ridge regimes. For PNA, the Pacific Through regime shows a significant increase, while the Bering Ridge is predicted to decrease in all scenarios analyzed. The spread among the model responses is linked to different levels of warming in the Polar Stratosphere, the North Atlantic and the Arctic.
Reviews
Authors: Findlay L.M. , Ingalls Wayne , Smith Douglas , Lee Jo-anne , Battiste Marie , Bolender Merla , Smith Susan , Kachur J. , Randhawa B.S.
Published: August 2020

Bankrupt Education: The decline of liberal education in Canada by Peter C. Emberley and W.R. Newell, reviewed by L.M. Findlay.

International Education and the University edited by Jessica Kingsley and James Callej, reviewed by Wayne Ingalls.

Higher Education: The lessons of experience by The World Bank, reviewed by Wayne Ingalls.

First Nations Education in Canada: The Circle Unfolds edited by Marie Battiste and Jean Barman, reviwed by Douglas Smith.

Heritage Languages and Education edited by Marcel Danesi, Keith McLeod and Sonia Morris, reviewed by Jo-anne Lee.

Aboriginal Languages and Education: The Canadian Experience edited by Sonia Morris, Keith McLeod, and Marcel Danesi, reviewed by Marie Battiste.

Educational Management and Leadership: World, Spirit, and Deed for a Just Society by D.J. Thom, reviewed by Merla Bolender.

Literacy and Power: The Latin American Battleground by David Archer and Patrick Costello, reviewed by Susan E. Smith.

The Future of Literacy in a Changing World edited by Daniel Wagner, reviewed by J. Kachur.

New Directions for Equity in Mathematics Education edited by W.G. Secada, E. Fennema, and L.B. Adajian, reviewed by B.S. Randhawa.
El problema genético del concepto de convencionalidad
Authors: Acosta Yparraguirre Eduardo Martín
Published: August 2020

Este artículo detalla el recorrido jurisprudencial en la formación del concepto de control de convencionalidad y describe su vocación expansionista, desde su aparición periférica hasta su presentación actual, que exige adecuaciones de la normatividad interna, procedimientos, actuación de jueces y funcionarios, entre otros requerimientos. Hecho este análisis, el estudio se dirige a estudiar el concepto oficial y el carácter vinculante que se le ha pretendido conferir. En este examen se dilucidará si alegar el principio de pacta sunt servanda internacional es suficiente o si el error exime la exigencia. Asimismo, se estudia la naturaleza jurídica de la jurisprudencia en el derecho internacional a fin de conocer cuál es su verdadera ubicación jerárquica y, por tanto, su fuerza obligatoria. Puestos en este punto, se realizará una investigación desde la filosofía del lenguaje para conocer si el propio enunciado y sus términos son acertados. Seguidamente, se enfrenta al control de convencionalidad con conceptos fundamentales del derecho como soberanía estatal y supremacía constitucional en el derecho interno, y principio de subsidiariedad de las vías internacionales en el derecho internacional. Finalmente, se expone la recepción de estos conceptos en el derecho peruano.
Delitos imprudentes en el marco de las actividades empresariales. Una observación desde la cultura de la prevención
Authors: Cruz Palmera Roberto
Published: August 2020

La inclusión de los delitos imprudentes de cara a la responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas ha sido tratada escasamente por la doctrina. Esto, debido a que otros temas, como la culpabilidad, absorben la discusión en esa materia y dejan de lado algunos asuntos por tratar, como la sanción de los tipos imprudentes. En esta contribución expongo algunas razones por las cuales sancionamos acciones imprudentes cometidas en el marco de las actividades empresariales. Dicho de otra manera, pongo de manifiesto algunos motivos por los cuales se puede ver justificado el castigo de esta clase de conductas.
Implicancias normativas del rule of law y su relación con la exigencia de objetividad
Authors: Pedernera Allende Matías
Published: August 2020

El rule of law es una de las nociones fundamentales de la práctica jurídica contemporánea. Uno de los posibles interrogantes relativos a la vigencia de un ideal normativo como el rule of law tiene que ver con cuáles son las implicancias que se siguen para determinado sistema jurídico político. En otras palabras, qué estados de cosas deberían garantizarse en un Estado para afirmar que el rule of law se encuentra vigente. Ante ese interrogante, surge una pregunta conexa e implícita que indaga acerca de la relevancia y la conexidad de la objetividad en el campo jurídico, frente al ideal del rule of law. En este trabajo se explicará qué supone afirmar que el rule of law es una exigencia de naturaleza jurídica, política y ética. Asimismo, se sistematizarán las implicancias normativas del rule of law para determinado sistema jurídico político. Seguidamente, y a partir de lo anterior, se procurará identificar la conexión existente entre el rule of law y cierta idea de objetividad en el campo del derecho.
A self-management measurement: Validity of the Partners in Health Scale (PHS) instrument in Peruvian elderly population
Authors: Cordova Isabel Peñarrieta-de , Albornoz-Jiménez Carlos Francisco , Gutiérrez-Gómez Tranquilina , León-Hernández Rodrigo , Malibrán-Luque David de Jesús , Colmenares-Diaz Ricardo
Published: August 2020

The Partners and Health Scale Instrument has been validated in several countries, however, it has just been applied in Spanishspeaking countries to people with chronic conditions, allowing a self-management evaluation with wide clinical application and research. It is the first time it has been applied in elderly patients (60 or older) in Spanish-speaking countries. This study shows the instrument validity in this population - users of health services of the Ministry of Health in Lima-Peru. An intentional non-probabilistic sample of 152 subjects with Construction Validity was performed: 1) Factor Analysis and 2) Confirmatory with structural equations and Reliability: Cronbach’s Alpha presents construct validity in three factors with an explained variance of 0.597. From the results of the goodness of fit model measures obtained by AMOS 24.0 and FACTOR 10.10, it can be seen that 6 of the 7 measures obtained are acceptable. The reliability with the Cronbach Alpha coefficient was 0.845. Although the model may have high-quality goodness of fit, the possibility of another alternative model that meets a better fit cannot be rejected; the results allow us to conclude that this Instrument presents validity and reliability in the evaluation of self-management within three factors.
Response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic by the Spine Division at a Level-I Academic Referral Center
Authors: DeKeyser Graham J. , Brodke Darrel S. , Saltzman Charles L. , Lawrence Brandon D.
Published: August 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a ubiquitous health concern and a global pandemic. In an effort to slow the disease spread and protect valuable healthcare resources, cessation of nonessential surgery, including many orthopaedic procedures, has become commonplace. This crisis has created a unique situation in the care of spine patients as we must balance the urgency of patient evaluation, surgical intervention, and continued training against the risk of disease exposure and resource management. The spine division of an orthopaedic surgery department has taken an active role in enacting protocol changes in anticipation of COVID-19. In the initial 4 weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic the spine division went from an average of 60.4 cases to 10 cases during the same timeframe. Clinic visits decreased from 417.4 to 322 with new patient visits decreasing from 28% to 20%. Three hundred eighteen of the 322 (98.7%) clinic visits were performed via telehealth. Although these changes have been forced upon us by necessity, we feel that our division and department will emerge in a more responsive, agile, and stronger state. As we look to the coming months and beyond, it will be important to continue to adapt to the changing landscape during unprecedented times.
A Review of the Washback of English Language Tests on Classroom Teaching
Authors: Kuang Qi
Published: August 2020

Scholars have long recognized the Washback effect of English language tests on English teaching inside the classroom. However, the lack of scholarly reports in this area is also nonnegligible. Therefore, the present study intends to review some empirical researches that focus on the washback of some English language tests on different aspects of classroom teaching, including the washback on course content, teaching materials, and teaching activities. Both positive and negative washback are found on these aspects and can be attributed to a number of factors, including differences in features of the test content, differences in tests’ coordination to course syllabus, differences in teachers’ adoption of teaching methods, etc. The final discussion recognizes the complicated mechanism of washback of the English language test on classroom teaching and serves to bring out some scholarly and pedagogical implications. On the one hand, future studies could focus more on how to bring out positive washback of English language tests on classroom teaching. On the other hand, pedagogical practices could take advantage of the latest scholarly findings to maximize the efficacy of the aforementioned positive washback.
The Role of International Law in Protection against Attacks on Children’s Education Rights in Armed Conflict
Authors: Akbariavaz Khalil , Tehrani Pardis Moslemzadeh
Published: August 2020

This study was aimed to investigate issues associated with the education rights of children in international and non-international armed conflict and the influence of armed conflict on educational staff and facilities in war-torn countries. Relevant international conventions are reviewed to evaluate their effectiveness in curbing the influence of armed conflict on children's education. The study highlights the importance of international humanitarian law (IHL) in inhibiting attacks against students, educational staff, and educational facilities during armed conflict. It also reviews conventional and non-conventional methods of protection and suggests ways in which IHL may be clarified and developed to enhance the supervision of the provision of education during armed struggles. The article concludes that it is necessary to have specific international conventions, oversight bodies and relevant educational obligations in order to guarantee law enforcement and require countries or member states to implement articles or provisions properly so as to improve and reinforce the education rights of children whose lives are impacted by armed conflict. In emergency situations, legal provisions constitute a vital protective measure.
Relationele zorgrechtvaardigheid
Authors: Marshall Christopher D.
Published: August 2020

Restorative justice as a relational justice of care

As an approach to law and justice, restorative justice focuses squarely on addressing human needs; it acknowledges the equal dignity of all parties, irrespective of their role in the harmful act; it accepts responsibilities for addressing the disadvantages or inequities that crime has bequeathed to victims and that often have contributed to offending on the part of the perpetrator; and it derives its creative potential from the shared vulnerability and reciprocal exchange of concern that occurs through respectful face-to-face encounter. Therefore restorative justice constitutes a relational justice of care.
Moral injury en herstel
Authors: Duyndam Joachim
Published: August 2020

Moral Injury and Recovery

This paper examines moral injury, in relation to recovery from this kind of psychic damage and to restorative justice. In recent research the concept is developed in distinction from the psychiatric diagnosis PTSD. Whereas PTSD is rooted in anxiety, as it occurs during or after life-threatening situations, people suffering from moral injury are disruptively affected by guilt and shame, in the slipstream of which they may be tormented by remorse, self-loathing, anger and self-disgust – with symptoms similar to PTSD. Unlike PTSD, however, the risk of moral injury is part of ordinary life. It may happen to anyone. Therefore, this paper takes an ‘existential’ perspective by relating moral injury to the fundamental human condition of relationality. Moral injury is interpreted as the disturbance of the responsibility, the confidence and the security that fundamentally sustain the human relationships to the world, to each other, and to oneself. One way of recovering from moral injury is through empathy, primarily performed by caregivers or chaplains who guide the morally injured, and consequently accomplished by the injured themselves, in a narrative way.
Conflictbeslechting na misdaad bij de Marrons in Suriname
Authors: Claessen Jacques , Djokarto Rinette
Published: August 2020

Conflict-resolution among the Maroons in Suriname – Possible bridges between traditional and modern legal systems

In this article, we report on our initial findings (from the field) regarding conflict resolution among the Maroons in Suriname. After first providing some background information about the Maroons (section 2), we describe their manner of conflict resolution after a crime has taken place and we explain what justice within this context entails for them (section 3). Subsequently, we try to distil ‘the useful elements’ from the Maroons’ approach to crime, that is to say elements with which modern restorative justice, i.e. restorative justice that meets, inter alia, human rights and constitutional requirements, can be nourished and strengthened. We also discuss some of the challenges we have encountered, where the traditional legal system and the modern criminal justice system come together (section 4). Then we try to build some possible bridges between the two legal systems (section 5). The contribution concludes with providing a window on the future of the development of restorative justice in Suriname and the Netherlands.
Extraction of essential oil from the aerial parts of Artemisia frigida Willd by way of hydrodistillation
Authors: Borchuluun Saranchimeg , Wang Qinghu , Hao Junsheng
Published: August 2020

This study aims to determine the optimum conditions for extraction of essential oil compounds in the aerial parts of Artemisia frigida Willd. Method: the considered extraction method is hydro-distillation, using a Clevenger apparatus. The effect of particle size of raw material, soaking time, liquid to plant material ratio and extraction time on essential oil yield were investigated through both single factor and multi-factor experiments. Results: In the single factor experiment, the influences of the following factors on essential oil extraction were studied; particle size 0.825 mm, soaking time 2 h, and liquid to plant material ratio 12:1. Under the multi-factor experiment, the influences of multiple factors of extraction conditions on essential oil were considered, particularly, extraction time (C)>soaking time (A)>liquid to plant material ratio. Conclusion: For extraction of essential oil from the aerial parts of Artemisia frigida Willd, the following optimum extraction parameters were identified: 2h of soaking time, 10:1 liquid to solid ratio, and 8h of extraction time.
In the digital world of (dis)information – from manipulation to knowledge and wisdom
Authors: Borawska-Kalbarczyk Katarzyna
Published: August 2020

The aim of the article is to draw attention to the complexity and complicated process of conscious and responsible use of digital infosphere resources. The text presents selected threats related to the functioning of young Internet users in the world of digital information. In the article I develop the thesis that the source of the indicated difficulties and threats is the low level of information literacy, resulting, among others from an insufficient process of preparing students for conscious, reflective use of electronic media and co-creation of their content. I also point to the importance of digital wisdom understood as the prudent use of digital media in the process of obtaining, processing and creating information.
Children’s social interactions by means of digital media – Research report
Authors: Iwanicka Agnieszka
Published: August 2020

Children grow up surrounded by new technologies, which obviously affects their entire childhood. Observing the closest environment – family and school – children undergo digital socialization and learn that by means of new technologies you can interact with society. They quickly notice that new technologies make it easier to enter peer relationships, but they can also pose a kind of danger by generating negative phenomena. Early school age children's perception of such entering into social relations with the help of new technologies has become the subject of research presented in the article. To answer the research problems set out in the text, I used the method of focus interview conducted on a group of nine-year-olds (5 groups of 3 children in each group). Based on the data obtained, I came to the conclusion that the social relations in which the child enters with the help of new technologies are just as important and significant for a child as those that take place directly. They allow children to integrate on the basis of common interests and experiences, but at the same time they can also be the cause of social exclusion or can lead to giving a specific rank to a peer group. On the one hand, they prove to be helpful – by strengthening social skills acquired offline, they are also a place where a child rejected by peers finds support. On the other hand, for other children, they can cause a build-up of their problems: can cause exclusion and increase feelings of loneliness. Undoubtedly, they change the way children spend their free time, which increasingly takes place with the help of new technologies. However, the way of entering social interactions does not change – usually relationships are initiated in the offline world but developed and maintained in the online world thanks to new technologies.
Whose education is it? Social consequences of commercial advertising campaigns
Authors: Pawlak Agnieszka
Published: August 2020

The aim of the article is to analyze the potential educational consequences of commercial advertising campaigns. The author creates the hermeneutics of the selected visual element of the ”Join the Procession” campaign of the Converse brand present in public space. This is an analysis of the persuasion strength of this campaign in relation to knowledge of youth psychology and sociology. The author proves that there is a third education space important for shaping the attitudes of young people – beyond home and school control, which has all the means and conditions to deny or eliminate the fi rst two actions. The author postulates the restoration and enhancement of the educational function of the school.
Selfie culture
Authors: Zajdel Krzysztof
Published: August 2020

This article describes the cultural phenomenon of selfie. It describes psychological and social conditions as well as historical background. In addition, the theoretical aspect was enriched by research on a sample of 196 respondents from three universities. The questionnaire was aimed at finding answers to many questions, sometimes even controversial, such as the aspect of selfie in an intimate situation. The article aims to find the answer to the question: what is the cause of the phenomenon of selfie all over the world, including Poland. What is the meaning of selfie for the people I have examined (to a small extent) (singles, people who have a partner and are divorced). This is important because we know that such photos are posted in social media, but why and how often – we usually don't know that. I was interested in the frequency of posting photos by the respondents, processing photos with graphic programs, posting photos taken in an intimate situation as well as tracking “likes” in social media. The respondents enabled us to look at the phenomenon and draw some conclusions, which I described in detail in the summary.
Shaping the faces of the prism: Rights, supports, and quality of life for enhancing inclusive education opportunities in students with intellectual disability
Authors: Amor González Antonio M. , Fernández Sánchez María , Verdugo Alonso Miguel Á. , Aza Alba , Schalock Robert L.
Published: August 2020

Although inclusive education has evolved from a general principle to a recognized right, a quality inclusive education is still not a reality for students with intellectual disability. In this article, we discuss three approaches that can bridge the gap between “what is” current education of these students and “what should be”. First, we address the underpinnings of Article 24 of the United Nation’s Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities a nd its i mplication for educational systems concerning placement and goals to achieve in these students. Second, we provide a general overview of the supports paradigm and its conceptual and practical implications regarding inclusive education. Third, we present a quality of life model as a value-based and evidence-driven framework to enhance inclusive opportunities in students with intellectual disability and to support decision-making in education from a “whole child approach”. Finally, we provide a comprehensive, systematic framework that brings these three approaches together to improve students’ outcomes linked to the goals of access, participation, learning, and development.
The impact of opportunities to learn with grade-level classmates without disabilities on self-actualization and autonomy for students with extensive and pervasive support needs
Authors: Ryndak Diane L. (https://orcid.org/); , Taub Deborah J. , Cavanaugh Christie , Alberque Kari
Published: August 2020

Inclusive education encompasses both theoretical constructs (e.g., least dangerous assumption, presumed competence) and implementation variables (e.g., curriculum, settings, instructional practices). When these variables are addressed collectively, the complex and multilayered process of developing equitable schools and implementing evidence-based practices that facilitate inclusive education results in students with extensive and pervasive support needs demonstrating unpredicted progress in the acquisition and use of both academic and embedded essential skills across situations that are meaningful in their lives, as well as progress related to self-actualization and autonomy. These variables are discussed, and examples of how opportunities to learn with grade-level peers without disabilities impacted self-actualization and autonomy for one individual with extensive and pervasive support needs, following 15 years of educational segregation followed by 7 years of inclusion at school and in the community.
Professional functioning of people with visual impairment – determinants and possibilities of support
Authors: Szabała Beata
Published: August 2020

Work plays a significant role in every person’s life. In the literature of the subject it is highlighted that persons with visual impairment ascribe a greater role to it than persons without disabilities, which is undoubtedly related to a therapeutic function of work. Even though visually impaired persons or partly sighted ones are capable of performing many jobs and holding various positions, their professional activity may take different forms. Therefore, it is worth taking a closer look at the factors determining effective functioning of people with visual impairment in the researched area. Based on the bibliographic review, the article focuses on the analysis of factors such as socio-demographic and medical ones, personal resources and skills possessed, to name but a few. In addition, the emphasis is placed on the opportunities for the support of professional activities undertaken by visually impaired and partially sighted people.
Social support in developing verbal communication for hearing children in the narratives of deaf parents
Authors: Zaborniak-Sobczak Małgorzata
Published: August 2020

The article discusses the meaning of communication for family life, and then shows the importance of the social support process in developing this communication in the lingual environment created by deaf parents bringing up hearing children. The participation of third parties seems to be necessary here, above all the closest hearing relatives – such as grandparents, and also specialists – speech therapists and teachers.
The good treatment: a biopsychosocioethical proposition
Authors: Gabb Jens , Annoni Marco , Blease Charlotte , Gerger Heike , Locher Cosima
Published: August 2020

While there is undisputedly a great need to establish, maintain, evaluate, provide and disseminate good treatments, the consensus as to what constitutes a good treatment is far less established. Here, we deconstruct the phrase into its components, seeking to describe definitory elements of both what is to be considered a treatment and how this could be good. Thereby, we identify deliberateness in the context of an adequately empathic and humane relationship as being at the core of a good treatment. Thus, care becomes treatment when provided deliberately and treatment becomes good, when provided deliberately with care. Since this understanding encompasses biological, psychological and social treatment constituents in the context of ethical considerations, we propose a ‘biopsychosocioethical’ model for treatment as a conceptual frame, which is centred on a shared understanding of what should be achieved by the treatment and how this is achieved.
Medical Commentary on Pheby, J. (2020). yes. and no. EJPCH 8 (2) 265-267
Authors: Pheby Derek
Published: August 2020

No abstract
Chalk, Seeds, and Entropy in the NCAA Men's Basketball Tournament
Authors: Horowitz Ira
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT            Based on the results of the 63 games played in each of the 32 NCAA Men’s Basketball Tournaments held from 1985 through 2016 it is shown that the information content of the seeding of the 64 teams invited to participate as to the seed of the eventual winner, varies from year to year, but not in any consistent fashion. The paper thus concludes that the Selection Committee’s seeding process has not improved over time, notwithstanding the availability of more sophisticated metrics for evaluating the teams’ regular-season performance. The fact that a 1-seed wins some 60 percent of the time and a top-three-seed wins 88 percent of the time only reflects the fact that the committee is not seeding the teams at random, but rather is exercising a modicum of judgment, aided and abetted by the tournament’s design.
The Powerball Regressivity: An Evidence from the World's Largest Lottery Prize
Authors: Lee Sukhun , Han Ki , Suk David , Sung Hyunmo
Published: August 2020

On January 13, 2016, the largest jackpot prize in world history took place.  In this paper, we examied the Powerball's regressivity from the 16th drawing with a jackpot prize of $301.8 million to the 20th drawing with a jackpot prize of $1.5 billion.  These last five drawings allowed us to examine whether the regressivity continues to decline and turns progressive as jackpot levels approach the billion-dollar mark.  Our sample include Powerball sales from 44 states and the District of Columbia.  Since the cost of living varied across states/jurisdictions, we used real lottery and income data to estimate income elasticity.  For the 16th through 18th drawings, there is a positive relationship between jackpot level and income elasticity.  However, on the 19th drawing with a jackpot of $949.8 million, the income elasticity declined to 0.554 from 0.900.  On the 20th drawing, the income elasticity increased to 0.649 but remained below 0.900 reached on the 18th drawing.
The Impact of "Jet Lag" on the AFL Point Spread Wagering Market
Authors: Schnytzer Adi , HIZGILOV ALBERT
Published: August 2020

This paper examines the presence of "jet-lag" effects in the Australian Football League point spread betting market. Fodor and Krieger’s (2014) findings that bookmakers, in NFL betting markets, do not consider efficiently the possible impact of jet lag on team performance, and are unable to take into account the possible existence of a potentially confounding home team bias since in virtually all games in the NFL, one of the teams has an a priori home ground advantage. Schnytzer and Weinberg (2008) took advantage of the distinctive feature of the Australian Football League (AFL), that many fixtures take place on neutral grounds, to demonstrate the apparent existence of a home team bias and the absence of a favorite-longshot bias. We conduct standard econometric tests of market efficiency over games where the home team bias cannot, by definition, exist. We used the 2001-2016 AFL seasons including the final series matches, venues, and betting information data and found no statistically significant line inefficiency in the games played on neutral grounds, regardless of whether the visiting team travels across multiple time zones in either direction or whether neither team requires a flight to reach the relevant stadium. However, line inefficiencies were found in overall games in which the home team enjoys an a priori home ground advantage. Such inefficiencies occur both in games where the visiting team experiences time zone changes when traveling to the game, and in games where the visiting team experiences no such changes. The amalgamated results for both neutral games and home bias games makes clear that jet lag cannot serve as a sole factor leading to inefficiencies but merely if combined with the home team bias. We show that betting on games in various inefficient sub-groups yields returns between 1.26 and 8.07 percent.
Why has Macao attracted the world-record gaming revenue?
Authors: Lam Carlos Siu
Published: August 2020

Macao, located on the southeast coast of China, is perfectly situated to receive patrons from China about thirty years after its open-door policy in 1978 when they have accumulated significant amounts of wealth. With its gaming liberalization and the supply of such mainland Chinese patrons, Macao has become the world’s gambling capital since 2007. This article aims to analyze the major factors leading to this dominant economic performance.

 

The experience of the mainland Chinese in the Cultural Revolution and the Era of the Gang of Four has motivated them to get rich quick to enjoy the material comforts that they have been deprived. Given that baccarat has a low house edge and is easy to play, many mainland Chinese like to play baccarat in Macao. Moreover, the interaction with the card afforded by baccarat, makes patrons feel that that they can control over the gambling outcome, and this fits the mainland Chinese psychology in their attempt to win much and quick with their high stakes.

   

On the other hand, casinos have trained croupiers to make their patrons stay longer, including being polite, identifying the emotional status of patrons, managing patrons’ emotions and regulating the croupiers’ own emotions. In this way, casinos in Macao not only can make patrons experience sovereignty while in control of the staff-client interactions, but also help Macao attract the world-record gaming revenue.
What's the Difference Between the Stockmarket and the Racetrack?
Authors: Johnstone D J
Published: August 2020

There are many anecdotes likening the stockmarket to betting, often voiced from the perspective of an inexperienced investor or gambler to whom the risks seem the same in either marketplace. A fundamental aspect of the stockmarket that separates it from all forms of gambling is that a naive investor who carries a well diversified portfolio, and holds it long enough, is bound to win (based on historical evidence at least). In gambling markets, an unsophisticated player is bound to lose, the more so the longer he plays. For well informed or otherwise sophisticated traders, the racetrack and stockmarket are effectively analogous, in that both present opportunities to take money off less well informed players, albeit not so much that they lose interest. The stockmarket does not offer the recreational attractions of the racetrack, and must therefore return profits to most or all investors, at least in the long run, if they are to stay in the game.
The influence of market ecology on market efficiency: Evidence from a speculative financial market
Authors: Sung Ming-Chien , Johnson Johnnie E.V.
Published: August 2020

This paper explores differences in market ecology in a speculative financial market, the horserace betting market, and examines the impact these variations have on the information which returns seeking bettors need to incorporate in their subjective probability estimates. Conditional logit models are employed to demonstrate that different types of data influence the outcome of races distinguished by the degree to which the information environment is benign/hostile to bettors. The results suggest that the degree to which bettors use appropriate information in assessing horses’ winning probabilities is influenced by market ecology and that this in turn affects the degree of efficiency in different market segments.
The Link Between Information and the Favorite-longshot Bias in Pari-mutuel Wagering Markets
Authors: Weinbach Andy
Published: August 2020

This paper examines a database of more than 45,000 greyhound races over an eight year period at Dairyland Greyhound Park to test for and examine the nature of the favorite-longshot bias.  While the longest odds dogs are collectively found to be over-bet for the sample as a whole, the bias is found to diminish after the introduction of Off-Track Betting.  Further, maiden races, among inexperienced dogs, are shown to exhibit the traditional favorite-longshot bias, while non-maiden races do not.  These results may help explain why researchers have found the bias at some tracks, but not others.
Betting Markets Efficiency: Evidence from European Football
Authors: Deschamps Bruno
Published: August 2020

This paper uses data from up to 79 bookmakers in any one match to analyze the efficiency of European football betting markets during the 2005/2006 season. We first examine the empirical derivatives of the longshot bias, and find that the bias is much more pronounced for high-grade matches. This arguably supports the information-based explanation of the longshot bias. We also show that internet betting, by giving access to a large number of bookmakers, improves significantly bettors' potential return. Finally, we find that average odds do not provide the best estimate of the likelihood of a result. Indeed, the best available odds are informative as well, even after controlling for the average odds.
Competition and Monopoly in the Market for Pari-mutuel Bets - a theoretical Approach
Authors: Walther Herbert
Published: August 2020

An intertemporal state dependent expected utility model (generating S-shaped probability weighting by incorporating anticipated flows of utility from elation and disappointment) is used as a framework for analyzing the demand for various gambles. The analysis is extended to compare pari-mutuel bets under competitive and monopolistic conditions. The following conclusions can be drawn: (1) A monopoly fosters the `skeweness' of the pari-mutual bet: In equilibrium, the wager and the demand for probability to win are lower, while the wager per unit of probability to win and the prize are higher. (3) If prize expectations are endogenous, rollovers might be a necessary device to prevent instability. (4) Rational gamblers will be indifferent between `wager tax' and `bank holder' type methods of raising monopoly profits.I am grateful for helpful comments received from the participants at the `Conference on Gambling and Prediction Markets', organized by `Economica' and held at UCLA Riverside (20.-22 May 2007).
AN ONLINE SPORTS BETTING ADOPTION MODEL
Authors: Lee Chang Boon Patrick , Xia Lin Hammer
Published: August 2020

The objective of this research was to validate an online sports betting adoption model among students in a tertiary institution. The research model incorporated key constructs in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and two other constructs – gambling belief and subjective norm. Data collected from a questionnaire survey were used to test the model. The results, based on 212 survey returns, supported all the hypotheses proposed in this study. They showed that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude, gambling belief, and subjective norm had either direct or indirect influence on intention to bet online. The study discussed the implications of the results for industry practitioners and gambling counselors.
SEEDING IN THE NCAA MEN’S BASKETBALL TOURNAMENT: WHEN IS A HIGHER SEED BETTER?
Authors: Jacobson Sheldon H
Published: August 2020

A number of methods have been proposed for predicting game winners in the National Collegiate Athletic Association’s (NCAA) annual men’s college basketball championship tournament. Since 1985, more than 70% of the teams in the fourth, fifth, and sixth rounds of the tournament have been high-seeded teams (i.e., teams assigned seeds of one, two, or three); a method that can accurately compare two such teams is often necessary to predict games in these rounds. This paper statistically analyzes tournaments from 1985 to 2009. A key finding is that there is an insignificant difference between the historical win percentages of high-seeded teams in each of the fourth, fifth, and sixth tournament rounds, which implies that choosing the higher seed to win games between these seeds does not provide accurate predictions in these rounds, and alternate predictors or methods should be sought. Implications on gambling point spreads are discussed.