bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Employee Treatment Policies on Internal Control Weaknesses and Financial Restatements
Authors: Guo Jun , Huang Pinghsun , Zhang Yan , Zhou Nan
Published: September 2015

This study investigates the role of employment policies in reducing internal control ineffectiveness and financial restatements. We provide new evidence that employee treatment policies are an important predictor of ineffective internal control. We also find that employee-friendly policies significantly reduce the propensity for employee-related material weaknesses. These results suggest that greater employee benefits facilitate the acquisition, development, and motivation of the workforce and ameliorate the loss of valuable human capital, thereby mitigating employee failures to implement internal control tasks properly. Moreover, we document novel results that financial restatements, especially those caused by unintentional errors, are less likely to arise in firms that invest more in employee benefits. Collectively, our emphasis on the effect of employee treatment policies on the integrity of internal control and financial reporting distinguishes our paper from previous studies that focus on the role of top executives in accounting practices.

Data Availability: Data are available from public sources indicated in the text.
The Economic Consequences of Tax Service Provider Sanctions: Evidence from KPMG's Deferred Prosecution Agreement
Authors: Finley Andrew R. , Stekelberg James
Published: September 2015

This study investigates the effect of KPMG's Deferred Prosecution Agreement (DPA) on the accounting firm's ability to sell auditor-provided tax services (APTS) and its clients' tax avoidance. We document that following the DPA, clients were more likely to discontinue or reduce purchasing APTS from KPMG relative to the other Big 4 accounting firms. However, we do not find any evidence of a change in tax avoidance among KPMG clients continuing to purchase APTS following the DPA relative to other Big 4 clients. Broadly, our findings highlight how elevated reporting standards and external monitoring impose significant negative economic consequences on the service providers subject to these sanctions. At the same time, it appears clients do not suffer any observable tax costs by continuing to engage a sanctioned tax service provider.
Williams Community Hospital: An Internal Auditing Case
Authors: Shelton Sandra Waller , Trendell Michael , Whittington Ray
Published: September 2015

The internal audit function is a critical part of an organization's control and governance structure. This case introduces students to the complete internal audit process for a company, including identification of risk, audit planning, execution of fieldwork, and reporting. In this exercise students are asked to assume the role of an internal auditor for a community hospital and perform risk assessment, perform testing, and documentation based on an audit program, and prepare an audit report, detailing findings and recommendations. The case includes both testing for compliance with laws and regulations, and tests of compliance with internal control policies and procedures. In response to an ever-changing business environment and the expectations of stakeholders, the internal audit profession identifies compliance with laws and regulations as one of the top risks frequently cited by both audit committee and executive management. The hospital setting is one of particular interest for addressing this topic. This case is appropriate for undergraduate and graduate students in internal auditing and external auditing classes.
Relationships between the Congruence of Required and Perceived Leadership Behavior and Satisfaction in Athletes
Authors: Kao San-Fu , Chen Yu-Fang , Watson Jack C. , Halbrook Meghan
Published: September 2015

The purpose of the current study was to explore the relationship between the congruence of perceived and required leadership behavior and the effect of this relationship upon athlete satisfaction in a Chinese setting. Using a sample of volleyball players ( n = 233) and athletic directors ( n = 19), the present study examined the congruence between required and perceived leadership behavior and the resulting satisfaction of Taiwanese athletes. Analyses revealed athletes were more likely to be satisfied when their perceptions of their coaches' positive feedback behavior conformed to the expectations of their athletic directors. These results confirmed aspects of the multidimensional model of leadership in a cultural perspective.
Why Do Northeast Asians Win So Few Nobel Prizes?
Authors: Kura Kenya , Nijenhuis Jan te , Dutton Edward
Published: September 2015

Most scientific discoveries have originated from Europe, and Europeans have won 20 times more Nobel Prizes than have Northeast Asians. We argue that this is explained not by IQ, but by interracial personality differences, underpinned by differences in gene distribution. In particular, the variance in scientific achievement is explained by differences in inquisitiveness (DRD4 7-repeat), psychological stability (5HTTLPR long form), and individualism (mu-opioid receptor gene; OPRM1 G allele). Northeast Asians tend to be lower in these psychological traits, which we argue are necessary for exceptional scientific accomplishments. Since these traits comprise a positive matrix, we constructed a q index (measuring curiosity) from these gene frequencies among world populations. It is found that both IQ scores and q index contribute significantly to the number of per capita Nobel Prizes.
The Influence of Syllabification Rules in L1 on L2 Word Recognition
Authors: Choi Wonil , Nam Kichun , Lee Yoonhyoung
Published: September 2015

Experiments with Korean learners of English and English mono-linguals were conducted to examine whether knowledge of syllabification in the native language (Korean) affects the recognition of printed words in the non-native language (English). Another purpose of this study was to test whether syllables are the processing unit in Korean visual word recognition. In Experiment 1, 26 native Korean speakers and 19 native English speakers participated. In Experiment 2, 40 native Korean speakers participated. In two experiments, syllable length was manipulated based on the Korean syllabification rule and the participants performed a lexical decision task. Analyses of variance were performed for the lexical decision latencies and error rates in two experiments. The results from Korean learners of English showed that two-syllable words based on the Korean syllabification rule were recognized faster as words than various types of three-syllable words, suggesting that Korean learners of English exploited their L1 phonological knowledge in recognizing English words. The results of the current study also support the idea that syllables are a processing unit of Korean visual word recognition.
Endonasal endoscopic transsphenoidal chiasmapexy using a clival cranial base cranioplasty for visual loss from massive empty sella following macroprolactinoma treatment with bromocriptine: case report
Authors: Alvarez Berastegui G. Rene , Raza Shaan M. , Anand Vijay K. , Schwartz Theodore H.
Published: September 2015

Visual deterioration after dopamine-agonist treatment of prolactinomas associated with empty sella syndrome and secondary optic apparatus traction is a rare event. Chiasmapexy has been described as a viable treatment option, although few cases exist in the literature. Here, a novel endonasal endoscopic approach to chiasmapexy is described and its efficacy is demonstrated in a case report.

A 55-year-old female patient with a history of a giant prolactinoma and 14 years of treatment using dopaminergic agonist therapy presented to our institution with a 1-month history of visual changes. Neuroophthalmological examination confirmed severe bitemporal field defects, and MRI revealed a large empty sella with downward optic chiasmal herniation. Endoscopic endonasal chiasmapexy was performed by elevating the chiasm with lumbar drainage and filling the clival and sellar defect with an extradural liquid (HydroSet; a cranioplasty bone cement), and a piece of AlloDerm was used to cover and cushion the chiasm. Postoperative imaging demonstrated successful anatomical elevation of the optic apparatus, and the patient showed functional improvement in the visual field at 3 months postoperatively.

Although rare, massive empty sellar and chiasmal descent from macroadenoma treatment can result in progressive visual loss. Here, a novel technique of endonasal endoscopic extradural cranioplasty aided by lumbar drainage is reported, which appears to be an effective technique for stabilizing and possibly reversing anatomical and visual deterioration.
Long-term safety and efficacy of Gamma Knife surgery in classical trigeminal neuralgia: a 497-patient historical cohort study
Authors: Régis Jean , Tuleasca Constantin , Resseguier Noémie , Carron Romain , Donnet Anne , Gaudart Jean , Levivier Marc
Published: September 2015

OBJECT

Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) is one of the surgical alternatives for the treatment of drug-resistant trigeminal neuralgia (TN). This study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of GKS in a large population of patients with TN with very long-term clinical follow-up.

METHODS

Between July 1992 and November 2010, 737 patients presenting with TN were treated using GKS. Data were collected prospectively and were further retrospectively evaluated at Timone University Hospital. The frequency and severity of pain, as well as trigeminal nerve function, were evaluated before GKS and regularly thereafter. Radiosurgery using the Gamma Knife (model B, C, 4C, or Perfexion) was performed with the help of both MR and CT targeting. A single 4-mm isocenter was positioned in the cisternal portion of the trigeminal nerve at a median distance of 7.6 mm (range 4–14 mm) anterior to the emergence of the nerve (retrogasserian target). A median maximum dose of 85 Gy (range 70–90 Gy) was prescribed.

RESULTS

The safety and efficacy are reported for 497 patients with medically refractory classical TN who were never previously treated by GKS and had a follow-up of at least 1 year. The median age in this series was 68.3 years (range 28.1–93.2 years). The median follow-up period was 43.8 months (range 12–174.4 months). Overall, 456 patients (91.75%) were initially pain free in a median time of 10 days (range 1–180 days). Their actuarial probabilities of remaining pain free without medication at 3, 5, 7, and 10 years were 71.8%, 64.9%, 59.7%, and 45.3%, respectively. One hundred fifty-seven patients (34.4%) who were initially pain free experienced at least 1 recurrence, with a median delay of onset of 24 months (range 0.6–150.1 months). However, the actuarial rate of maintaining pain relief without further surgery was 67.8% at 10 years. The hypesthesia actuarial rate at 5 years was 20.4% and at 7 years reached 21.1%, but remained stable until 14 years with a median delay of onset of 12 months (range 1–65 months). Very bothersome facial hypesthesia was reported in only 3 patients (0.6%).

CONCLUSIONS

Retrogasserian GKS proved to be safe and effective in the long term and in a very large number of patients. Even if the probability of long-lasting effects may be modest compared with microvascular decompression, the rarity of complications prompts discussion of using GKS as the pragmatic surgical first- or second-intention alternative for classical TN. However, a randomized trial, or at least a case-matched control study, would be required to compare with microvascular decompression.
Dural incision in the petrosal approach with preservation of the superior petrosal vein
Authors: Haq Irwan Barlian Immadoel , Susilo Rahadian Indarto , Goto Takeo , Ohata Kenji
Published: September 2015

The petrosal approach has been applied for the treatment of many lesions in the posterior fossa, but the location and preservation of the superior petrosal veins (SPVs) during this approach are usually not particularly considered. The authors developed a technique of dural incision with special consideration of the location of the SPVto preserve venous flow during the petrosal approach. The authors describe technical details on how to cut the dura mater and superior petrosal sinus, with special attention to the location of SPV, so that the normal flow of the SPV to the lateral sinus can be preserved. Between July 2007 and March 2014, this technique was used in 45 patients, and no major complications were reported. The SPVs should be considered critical structures in the petrosal approach. Preoperative evaluation of the SPV anatomy should be performed in patients undergoing such surgical treatment, and the dural opening must be performed with special attention to the SPVto avoid intraoperative injury and postoperative complications.
A physical simulator for endoscopic endonasal drilling techniques: technical note
Authors: Tai Bruce L. , Wang Anthony C. , Joseph Jacob R. , Wang Page I. , Sullivan Stephen E. , McKean Erin L. , Shih Albert J. , Rooney Deborah M.
Published: September 2015

In this paper, the authors present a physical model developed to teach surgeons the requisite drilling techniques when using an endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) to the skull base. EEA is increasingly used for treating pathologies of the ventral and ventrolateral cranial base. Endonasal drilling is a unique skill in terms of the instruments used, the long reach required, and the restricted angulation, and gaining competency requires much practice. Based on the successful experience in creating custom simulators, the authors used 3D printing to build an EEA training model from post-processed thin-cut head CT scans, formulating the materials to provide realistic haptic feedback and endoscope handling. They performed a preliminary assessment at 2 institutions to evaluate content validity of the simulator as the first step of the validation process. Overall results were positive, particularly in terms of bony landmarks and haptic response, though minor refinements were suggested prior to use as a training device.
Outcome in patients undergoing surgery for spinal injury in an Ethiopian hospital
Authors: Lehre Martin Andreas , Eriksen Lars Magnus , Tirsit Abenezer , Bekele Segni , Petros Saba , Park Kee B. , Bøthun Marianne Lundervik , Wester Knut
Published: September 2015

OBJECT

The objective of this study was to investigate epidemiology and outcome after surgical treatment for spinal injuries in Ethiopia.

METHODS

Medical records of patients who underwent surgery for spine injuries at Myungsung Christian Medical Center in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, between January 2008 and September 2012 were reviewed retrospectively. Assessment of outcome and complications was determined from patient consultations and phone interviews.

RESULTS

A total of 146 patients were included (129 males, 17 females). Their mean age was 31.7 years (range 15–81 years). The leading cause of injury was motor vehicle accidents (54.1%), and this was followed by falls (26.7%). The most common injury sites were lumbar (41.1%) and cervical (34.2%) regions of the spine. In 21.2% of patients, no neurological deficit was present before surgery, 46.6% had incomplete spinal cord injury (American Spinal Injury Association [ASIA] Impairment Scale [AIS] Grade B-D), and 32.2% had complete spinal cord injury (AIS Grade A). Follow-up was hampered by suboptimal infrastructure, but information regarding outcome was successfully obtained for 110 patients (75.3%). At follow-up (mean 22.9 months; range 2–57 months), 25 patients (17.1%) were confirmed dead and 85 patients (58.2%) were alive; 49 patients (33.6%) underwent physical examination. At least 8 of the 47 patients (17.0%) with a complete injury and 29 of the 68 patients (42.6%) with an incomplete injury showed neurological improvement. The reported incidences of pressure wounds, recurrent urinary tract infections, pneumonia, and thromboembolic events were 22.5%, 13.5%, 5.6%, and 1.1%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients showed surprisingly good recovery considering the limited resources. Surgical treatment for spine injuries in Ethiopia is considered beneficial.
High-dose proton-based radiation therapy in the management of spine chordomas: outcomes and clinicopathological prognostic factors
Authors: Rotondo Ronny L. , Folkert Wendy , Liebsch Norbert J. , Chen Yen-Lin E. , Pedlow Frank X. , Schwab Joseph H. , Rosenberg Andrew E. , Nielsen G. Petur , Szymonifka Jackie , Ferreira Al E. , Hornicek Francis J. , Delaney Thomas F.
Published: September 2015

OBJECT

Spinal chordomas can have high local recurrence rates after surgery with or without conventional dose radiation therapy (RT). Treatment outcomes and prognostic factors after high-dose proton-based RT with or without surgery were assessed.

METHODS

The authors conducted a retrospective review of 126 treated patients (127 lesions) categorized according to disease status (primary vs recurrent), resection (en bloc vs intralesional), margin status, and RT timing.

RESULTS

Seventy-one sacrococcygeal, 40 lumbar, and 16 thoracic chordomas were analyzed. Mean RT dose was 72.4 GyRBE (relative biological effectiveness). With median follow-up of 41 months, the 5-year overall survival (OS), local control (LC), locoregional control (LRC), and distant control (DC) for the entire cohort were 81%, 62%, 60%, and 77%, respectively. LC for primary chordoma was 68% versus 49% for recurrent lesions (p = 0.058). LC if treated with a component of preoperative RT was 72% versus 54% without this treatment (p = 0.113). Among primary tumors, LC and LRC were higher with preoperative RT, 85% (p = 0.019) and 79% (0.034), respectively, versus 56% and 56% if no preoperative RT was provided. Overall LC was significantly improved with en bloc versus intralesional resection (72% vs 55%, p = 0.016), as was LRC (70% vs 53%, p = 0.035). A trend was noted toward improved LC and LRC for R0/R1 margins and the absence of intralesional procedures.

CONCLUSIONS

High-dose proton-based RT in the management of spinal chordomas can be effective treatment. In patients undergoing surgery, those with primary chordomas undergoing preoperative RT, en bloc resection, and postoperative RT boost have the highest rate of local tumor control; among 28 patients with primary chordomas who underwent preoperative RT and en bloc resection, no local recurrences were seen. Intralesional and incomplete resections are associated with higher local failure rates and are to be avoided.
Epilepsy surgery related to pediatric brain tumors: Miami Children’s Hospital experience
Authors: Fallah Aria , Weil Alexander G. , Sur Samir , Miller Ian , Jayakar Prasanna , Morrison Glenn , Bhatia Sanjiv , Ragheb John
Published: September 2015

OBJECT

Pediatric brain tumors may be associated with medically intractable epilepsy for which surgery is indicated. The authors sought to evaluate the efficacy of epilepsy surgery for seizure control in pediatric patients with brain tumors.

METHODS

The authors performed a retrospective review of consecutive patients undergoing resective epilepsy surgery related to pediatric brain tumors at Miami Children’s Hospital between June 1986 and June 2014. Time-to-event analysis for seizure recurrence was performed; an “event” was defined as any seizures that occurred following resective epilepsy surgery, not including seizures and auras in the 1st postoperative week. The authors analyzed several preoperative variables to determine their suitability to predict seizure recurrence following surgery.

RESULTS

Eighty-four patients (47 males) with a mean age (± standard deviation) of 8.7 ± 5.5 years (range 0.5–21.6 years) were included. The study included 39 (46%) patients with gliomas, 20 (24%) with dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors (DNETs), 14 (17%) with gangliogliomas, and 11 (13%) with other etiologies. Among the patients with gliomas, 18 were classified with low-grade glioma, 5 had oligodendroglioma, 6 had uncategorized astrocytoma, 3 had pilocytic astrocytoma, 3 had pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, 3 had glioblastoma, and 1 had gliomatosis cerebri. Seventy-nine (94.0%) resections were guided by intraoperative electrocorticography (ECoG). The mean time (± standard deviation) to seizure recurrence was 81.8 ± 6.3 months. Engel Class I outcome was achieved in 66 (78%) and 63 (75%) patients at 1 and 2 years’ follow-up, respectively. Patients with ganglioglioma demonstrated the highest probability of long-term seizure freedom, followed by patients with DNETs and gliomas. In univariate analyses, temporal location (HR 1.75, 95% CI 0.26–1.27, p = 0.171) and completeness of resection (HR 1.69, 95% CI 0.77–3.74, p = 0.191) demonstrated a trend toward a longer duration of seizure freedom.

CONCLUSIONS

ECoG-guided epilepsy surgery for pediatric patients with brain tumors is highly effective. Tumors located in the temporal lobe and those in which a complete ECoG-guided resection is performed may result in a greater likelihood of long-term seizure freedom.
Adult long-term health-related quality of life of congenital hydrocephalus patients
Authors: Kutscher Anja , Nestler Ulf , Bernhard Matthias K. , Merkenschlager Andreas , Thome Ulrich , Kiess Wieland , Schob Stefan , Meixensberger Juergen , Preuss Matthias
Published: September 2015

OBJECT

Congenital hydrocephalus has a major impact on the lives of patients and their relatives, as well as their long-term neurological development and social integration. The aim of this study was to assess the self-reported health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients after reaching adulthood.

METHODS

A total of 31 patients who required CSF shunt treatment for congenital hydrocephalus within the 1st year of life (between 1963 and 1987) agreed to undergo a structured SF-36 self-assessment. An age-matched German standard cohort was used as control. Additional parameters of surgical, social, and global neurological outcome were analyzed. The mean patient age was 35 years (range 26–51 years, 13 females and 18 males). Hydrocephalus etiologies were posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (n = 9), postinfectious hydrocephalus (n = 5), aqueductal stenosis (n = 10), myelomeningocele (n = 2), and unknown cause (n = 5).

RESULTS

The mean modified Rankin Scale score was 1.6 (range 0–4). Hydrocephalic patients achieved lower scores for the SF-36 items physical functioning (70.5 vs 93.5, p < 0.05), physical role functioning (74.2 vs 88.3, p < 0.05), and general health perceptions (64.5 vs 72.3, p < 0.05). Emotional, social role functioning, and mental health items did not differ between the groups. Assessment of vitality and pain resulted in a trend to worse values. Whereas the Physical Component Summary score was lower (46.1 vs 54.3, p < 0.05), the Mental Component Summary score was not significantly different (50.2 vs 48.7, p = 0.3). There was neither a statistically significant difference between subgroups of different etiologies nor an association with the number of subsequent hydrocephalus-related surgeries.

CONCLUSIONS

Adult HRQOL for patients with congenital hydrocephalus appears to be similar to that for healthy con with regard to mental health and social functioning aspects. Physical impairment is a predominant factor of compro quality of life.
Single-level lumbar pyogenic spondylodiscitis treated with mini-open anterior debridement and fusion in combination with posterior percutaneous fixation via a modified anterior lumbar interbody fusion approach
Authors: Lin Yang , Li Feng , Chen Wenjian , Zeng Heng , Chen Anmin , Xiong Wei
Published: September 2015

OBJECT

This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of mini-open anterior debridement and lumbar interbody fusion in combination with posterior percutaneous fixation for single-level lumbar pyogenic spondylodiscitis.

METHODS

This is a retrospective study. Twenty-two patients with single-level lumbar pyogenic spondylodiscitis underwent mini-open anterior debridement and lumbar interbody fusion in combination with posterior percutaneous fixation via a modified anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) approach. Patients underwent follow-up for 24 to 38 months. Clinical data, etiological examinations, operative time, intraoperative blood loss, American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grade, Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) lumbar function score, visual analog scale (VAS) score, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), postoperative complications, and the bony fusion rate were recorded.

RESULTS

The mean operative time was 181.1 ± 22.6 minutes (range 155–240 minutes). The mean intraoperative blood loss was 173.2 ± 70.1 ml (range 100–400 ml). Infection was found in lumbar vertebrae L2–3, L3–4, and L4–5 in 2, 6, and 14 patients, respectively. Bacterial cultures were positive in 15 patients, including 4 with Staphylococcus aureus, 6 with Staphylococcus epidermidis, 4 with Streptococcus, and 1 with Escherichia coli. Postoperative complications included urinary retention, constipation, and numbness in the thigh in 5, 3, and 2 patients, respectively. Compared with before surgery, the VAS scores and ODI were significantly lower at the final follow-up, the JOA scores were significantly higher, and the ASIA grades had improved. All patients achieved good intervertebral bony fusion.

CONCLUSIONS

Mini-open anterior debridement and lumbar interbody fusion in combination with posterior percutaneous fixation via a modified ALIF approach results in little surgical trauma and intraoperative blood loss, acceptable postoperative complications, and is effective and safe for the treatment of single-level lumbar pyogenic spondylodiscitis. This approach could be an alternative to the conventional open surgery.
Hypobaric Decompression Sickness Treatment Model
Authors: Conkin Johnny , Abercromby Andrew F. J. , Dervay Joseph P. , Feiveson Alan H. , Gernhardt Michael L. , Norcross Jason R. , Ploutz-Snyder Robert , Wessel James H.
Published: September 2015

INTRODUCTION: The Hypobaric Decompression Sickness (DCS) Treatment Model links a decrease in computed bubble volume from increased pressure (P), increased oxygen (O2) partial pressure, and passage of time during treatment to the probability of symptom resolution [P(SR)].
The decrease in offending volume is realized in two stages: 1) during compression via Boyles law; and 2) during subsequent dissolution of the gas phase via the oxygen window.METHODS: We established an empirical model for the P(SR) while accounting for multiple symptoms within subjects.
The data consisted of 154 cases of hypobaric DCS symptoms with ancillary information from tests on 56 men and 18 women.RESULTS: Our best estimated model is P(SR) 1/(1exp((ln(P) 1.510 0.795 AMB 0.00308 Ts)/0.478)), where P is pressure difference (psid); AMB 1 if ambulation took place
during part of the altitude exposure, otherwise AMB 0; and Ts is the elapsed time in minutes from the start of altitude exposure to recognition of a DCS symptom.DISCUSSION: Values of P as inputs to the model would be calculated from the Tissue Bubble Dynamics Model based on the
effective treatment pressure: P P2 P1 | P1 V1/V2 P1, where V1 is the computed volume of a bubble at low pressure P1 and V2 is computed volume after a change to a higher pressure P2. If 100% ground-level oxygen was breathed in place of air, then V2 continues to decrease through time at P2 at
a faster rate.Conkin J, Abercromby AFJ, Dervay JP, Feiveson AH, Gernhardt ML, Norcross JR, Ploutz-Snyder R, Wessel JH III. Hypobaric decompression sickness treatment model. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2015; 86(6):508517.
Dental Barotrauma in French Military Divers: Results of the POP Study
Authors: Gunepin Mathieu , Derache Florence , Dychter Leon , Blatteau Jean-Eric , Nakdimon Idan , Zadik Yehuda
Published: September 2015

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the POP (odontological problems among divers) study was to assess dental barotrauma among French military divers exposed to an underwater environment.METHODS: A questionnaire on dental barotrauma was completed by the divers who presented at the
SMHEP (Centre for Hyperbaric Medicine and Diving Expertise) for their quadrennial medical exam from March 2011 to July 2014.RESULTS: There were 1317 questionnaires completed, representing 60.6% of all French military divers. A total of 5.3% of divers had a dental barotrauma (70/1317),
mainly fracture and/or loss of dental restoration. Dental barotrauma disrupted diving in 34.3% of cases. A total of 76.4% of divers were informed by a military physician of the importance of maintaining good oral health and 88.5% of divers consult their dentist at least once a year. Of the
participants, 82.5% made their dentist aware they are divers, but only 4.9% of the dental practitioners advised their patient not to dive after some types of dental treatments and 12.8% indicated that, as divers, they need adapted dental treatments.CONCLUSIONS: Dental barotrauma
was experienced by 1 in 19 military divers. Nevertheless, a contradiction exists between the frequency of dental barotraumas and the rigorous medical and dental follow-up of military divers. We note that there is inadequate dental management of divers when dental issues are identified. To
avoid this unsatisfactory situation, “diving dentistry” should be taught to military and civilian dentists and physicians to make them aware of the potential dental complications and preventive measures associated with operating in a subaquatic environment.Gunepin M, Derache
F, Dychter L, Blatteau J-E, Nakdimon I, Zadik Y. Dental barotrauma in French military divers: results of the POP study. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2015; 86(7):652–655.
Challenges of Estimating Fracture Risk with DXA: Changing Concepts About Bone Strength and Bone Density
Authors: Licata Angelo A.
Published: September 2015

INTRODUCTION: Bone loss due to weightlessness is a significant concern for astronauts’ mission safety and health upon return to Earth. This problem is monitored with bone densitometry (DXA), the clinical tool used to assess skeletal strength. DXA has served clinicians well
in assessing fracture risk and has been particularly useful in diagnosing osteoporosis in the elderly postmenopausal population for which it was originally developed. Over the past 1–2 decades, however, paradoxical and contradictory findings have emerged when this technology was widely
employed in caring for diverse populations unlike those for which it was developed. Although DXA was originally considered the surrogate marker for bone strength, it is now considered one part of a constellation of factors–described collectively as bone quality–that makes bone
strong and resists fracturing, independent of bone density. These characteristics are beyond the capability of routine DXA to identify, and as a result, DXA can be a poor prognosticator of bone health in many clinical scenarios. New clinical tools are emerging to make measurement of bone strength
more accurate. This article reviews the historical timeline of bone density measurement (dual X-ray absorptiometry), expands upon the clinical observations that modified the relationship of DXA and bone strength, discusses some of the new clinical tools to predict fracture risk, and highlights
the challenges DXA poses in the assessment of fracture risk in astronauts.Licata AA. Challenges of estimating fracture risk with DXA: changing concepts about bone strength and bone density. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2015; 86(7):628–632.
Historical Review of Lower Body Negative Pressure Research in Space Medicine
Authors: Campbell Mark R. , Charles John B.
Published: September 2015

Cephalad redistribution of intravascular and extravascular fluid occurs as a result of weightlessness during spaceflight. This provokes cardiovascular, cardiopulmonary, and autonomic nervous system responses. The resulting altered functional state can result in orthostatic hypotension
and intolerance upon landing and return to a gravity environment. In-flight lower body negative pressure (LBNP) transiently restores normal body fluid distribution. Early in the U.S. space program, LBNP was devised as a way to test for orthostatic intolerance. With the development of the Skylab
Program and longer duration spaceflight, it was realized that it could provide a method of monitoring orthostatic intolerance in flight and predicting the post-landing orthostatic response. LBNP was also investigated not only as an in-flight cardiovascular orthostatic stress test, but also
as a countermeasure to cardiovascular deconditioning on Soviet space stations, Skylab, and the Shuttle. It is still being used by the Russian program on the International Space Station as an end-of-flight countermeasure.Campbell MR, Charles JB. Historical review of lower body negative
pressure research in space medicine. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2015; 86(7):633–640.
Educators who believe: understanding the enthusiasm of teachers who use digital games in the classroom
Authors: Stieler-Hunt Colleen , Jones Christian M.
Published: September 2015

This study used qualitative methods to explore why some educators embrace the use of digital game-play (DGP) in the classroom. The results indicated that these teachers had a very strong belief that DGP could be beneficial for learning which stemmed from experiencing their own form of subjective success with using DGP in the classroom, availing themselves of information and advocacy about using DGP in the classroom and personal experiences with DGP either through their own DGP or through watching their own children play games. They also shared positive attitudes towards information and communication technologies generally and had initially been invited to use DGP in the classroom by someone in authority. Their use of DGP was also something that they felt made them different to other teachers. Applying these findings to Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovations theory predicted that the diffusion rate of using DGP in the classroom will continue to be slow. Finally, this study indicates that teachers need to experience their own form of subjective ‘success’ in order to find DGP valuable and this subjective ‘success’ often goes beyond test score performance.Keywords: game-based learning; video games; elementary education; secondary education; educational beliefs; pedagogical issues(Published: 4 September 2015)Citation: Research in Learning Technology 2015, 23: 26155 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v23.26155
Development and characterization of microsatellite loci in the pantropical fern Hypolepis punctata (Dennstaedtiaceae)
Authors: Shang Hui , Wang Ying , Yan Yue‐Hong
Published: September 2015

Premise of the study:

Microsatellite loci were isolated in Hypolepis punctata (Dennstaedtiaceae) to further study the reproductive ecology of this species.

Methods and Results:

We developed 16 microsatellite loci from one sample of H. punctata using an enriched genomic library. These loci were characterized in 28 individuals. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to 10, and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.036 to 0.845.

Conclusions:

The results indicate that the microsatellite markers can facilitate further studies on inferring the phylogeography and population genetics of H. punctata and related species.
Ma pratique de la psychothérapie de groupe
Authors: Crespelle Isabelle
Published: September 2015

Si vous avez envie de savoir ce qui se passe dans un groupe de thérapie, Isabelle Crespelle vous invite généreusement à venir observer son groupe. Dans cet article, elle nous raconte ses différentes expériences de thérapie de groupe, elle nous montre comment elle travaille aujourd’hui, elle nous fait part de ses doutes et de ses questionnements. Pour tous ceux qui travaillent déjà comme thérapeutes de groupe, c’est une formidable occasion de confronter leur expérience à celle d’Isabelle. Pour ceux qui veulent se lancer, c’est un très bel enseignement. FB
Le processus relationnel de groupe : discussion du modèle de Richard Erskine pour la psychothérapie de groupe à partir des théories d’Éric Berne sur le traitement de groupe
Authors: Blondel Agnès
Published: September 2015

L’auteur s’inspire du modèle d’Éric Berne pour le processus de groupe et les interventions thérapeutiques dans une discussion de l’article d’Erskine « Le processus relationnel de groupe : avancées pour un modèle de psychothérapie de groupe en analyse transactionnelle ». Il souligne l’importance thérapeutique de l’interprétation et se penche sur les limites de l’empathie et du questionnement phénoménologique dans le processus de groupe.
La haine examinée selon le pictogramme pubertaire
Authors: Gutton Philippe
Published: September 2015

La haine comme signe d’un dysfonctionnement du pictogramme pubertaire dans lequel l’identifiant infantile est dissocié de l’identifié pubertaire. L’emprise infantile dans l’excès est source de cet affect primaire à situer au niveau psychopathologique du breakdown lauférien.
Le dégoût à l’adolescence, processus de créativité ?
Authors: Boisseuil Anne
Published: September 2015

Le dégoût tel qu’il est exprimé chez une adolescente sera étudié comme l’expression de mouvements subjectifs créatifs. Nous étudierons son évolution dans le processus thérapeutique. Le dégoût sera un moyen d’entendre l’intrication pulsionnelle de cette jeune fille. Nous examinerons le dégoût dans ses liens archaïques et génitalisés.
Haine entravée, destructivité endurée
Authors: Rosenblum Ouriel
Published: September 2015

Dans le cadre d’un suivi en deux temps (familial pendant l’enfance, individuel à l’adolescence), nous analyserons le cas de Julien, seul enfant de la fratrie à avoir été contaminé in utero par le VIH de sa mère. Nous nous attacherons à cerner la génèse d’une haine entravée, ainsi que le processus de mélancolisation de la transmission, témoin de la destructivité qui occupe la place de la haine.
Une haine qui masque un appel à être aimé : les faux signalements de maltraitance
Authors: Chapellon Sébastien
Published: September 2015

Cet article décrit une conséquence méconnue du mal-être adolescent : les faux signalements de maltraitance. Une situation dans laquelle un jeune homme a mensongèrement accusé son père, explique le sens de cet acte qui serait le corollaire d’une tendresse sans pitié. Selon l’auteur, les jeunes lanceurs d’alerte ont paradoxalement besoin d’être étayés par l’adulte qu’ils dénoncent.
Croisade de Franklin Graham au Soudan du Sud
Authors: Fath Sébastien
Published: September 2015

La création du Soudan du Sud le 9 juillet 2011 est une des aventures politiques les plus délicates de l’histoire africaine postcoloniale. Les acteurs religieux ont, à leur manière, tenté de souder la nation. Nul, parmi eux, n’est allé aussi loin que le prédicateur Franklin Graham, figure de proue de l’évangélisme américain. Pour évaluer cette offre de salut qui se greffe sur un soutien politique, l’observation de terrain s’est focalisée sur la croisade géante d’évangélisation « Hope for a New Nation » qui s’est tenue à Juba les 26 et 27 octobre 2012. L’enquête commence par un état des lieux des traumatismes et ruptures hérités par la population, puis se focalise sur la mise en forme rhétorique et scénique de l’offre conversionniste. L’analyse des effets sociaux de l’appel à la conversion invite à relativiser l’impact de l’offre évangélique « à l’américaine », dans un contexte marqué par le poids des héritages.
Les christianismes contemporains au Bénin au défi de la pluralisation
Authors: Mayrargue Cédric
Published: September 2015

Depuis plus d’une vingtaine d’années, le champ religieux béninois est travaillé par l’expansion de courants chrétiens évangéliques et pentecôtistes qui, bien que minoritaires, ont acquis une forte visibilité. Cet article propose d’appréhender ces dynamiques contemporaines sous l’angle de la pluralisation religieuse. Cette notion renvoie à un double processus de fragmentation et d’éclatement, mais aussi d’échanges et d’interactions renouvelés entre acteurs religieux. La grille de lecture mobilisée permet de souligner que ces mouvements chrétiens contribuent à la fragmentation religieuse, en favorisant un éclatement de l’offre et de la pratique, et aussi qu’ils nouent de nouvelles interactions avec les autres acteurs religieux avec qui ils sont en compétition. Ces relations se traduisent par un partage nouveau des territoires et des formes inédites de porosité religieuse.
Boko Haram : innovations guerrières depuis les monts Mandara
Authors: Seignobos Christian
Published: September 2015

Maître de la brousse, assiégeant et terrifiant les villes, Boko Haram s’implante inexorablement et par-dessus les frontières nationales dans toute l’aire d’extension du royaume du Bornou. La prise des monts Mandara sur la frontière du Cameroun en 2014 offre à la « secte » un sanctuaire de repli. Les populations montagnardes voient dans Boko Haram le retour des razzias précoloniales et la reprise d’anciennes rivalités. L’embrigadement au service de Boko Haram passe par une islamisation à outrance. Toutes les communautés sont sommées de choisir pour ou contre ce nouvel ordre islamique plongeant nombre de régions dans un climat de guerre civile.
Introduction
Authors: Morelle Marie , Zeneidi Djemila
Published: September 2015

Cette introduction revient sur l’émergence de recherches sur l’enfermement en géographie. Depuis la fin des années 2000, les études sur les prisons, les centres de rétention et les camps de travail en particulier se multiplient dans la discipline. Ces rapprochements entre différents types de lieux clos donnent d’ailleurs lieu dans le champ de la géographie anglophone à un nouveau courant, la carceral geography . Ce texte a donc pour objectif de présenter les différentes analyses de ce nouveau sujet en géographie, d’en faire apparaître les éventuelles filiations avec le reste des sciences sociales. Cette mise en perspective servira à situer les contributions du présent dossier. Toutes mettent en lumière la dimension éminemment spatiale des rapports de pouvoir et de domination, qui caractérise les processus d’enfermement.
L’enfermement ou la tentation spatialiste. De « l’action aveugle, mais sûre » des murs des prisons
Authors: Milhaud Olivier
Published: September 2015

La conception de l’espace carcéral semble avoir toujours trahi, en France, une pensée spatialiste illusoire, qui ferait de la prison un lieu apte à surmonter les contradictions sociales. Cet article entend le démontrer en s’attachant aux fonctions attribuées à l’espace carcéral, à la fois par une approche diachronique, allant de l’invention de la prison pénale sous la Révolution jusqu’à la période contemporaine, et par une approche sensible au surinvestissement du dispositif spatial de l’enfermement carcéral et tout particulièrement sa dimension architecturale dans bien des discours officiels. L’espace est érigé en véritable actant de l’enfermement, support de délégation de la peine de prison, censé fournir la solution ultime à la déviance. La confiance sans cesse mise dans le dispositif carcéral, la croyance des Révolutionnaires et de tant de nos contemporains en un espace carcéral apte à punir, soigner, réinsérer, dissuader, ou la légitimation toujours affirmée de la prison comme solution terminale au problème de la déviance, soulignent un surinvestissement des capacités spatiales aux dépens du rôle essentiel des interactions sociales.
Linking the carceral and the punitive state: A review of research on prison architecture, design, technology and the lived experience of carceral space
Authors: Moran Dominique , Jewkes Yvonne
Published: September 2015

Malgré une reconnaissance implicite ancienne de l’importance de l’espace de la prison, remontant au moins à la conception de Bentham datant de 1791 et selon laquelle la transformation morale et le bien être du prisonnier peuvent être réalisés en partie dans et par l’architecture, l’aménagement et les techniques architecturales déployées en milieu carcéral, demeurent sous investis et insuffisamment théorisés. Cet article exploratoire passe en revue la littérature sur l’espace carcéral, principalement issue de la géographie humaine, mais aussi de la criminologie et de la psychologie environnementale. Il questionne la pertinence de la recherche consacrée à la conception de la prison à un moment crucial où le ministre britannique de la justice déploie un programme déjà ancien, présenté comme nouveau cependant, et qui consiste à fermer six prisons historiques, à fermer partiellement trois autres sites et à planifier la construction de nouvelles structures de grande taille semblant augurer d’un retour aux prisons gigantesques sur le modèle « des dépôt de prisonniers ». Cet article démontre que l’intérêt de la géographie carcérale pour la dimension vécue des espaces d’emprisonnement peut fournir une contribution pertinente et originale dans ce champ d’analyses critiques et suggère de nouvelles pistes de recherche destinées à la production de nouvelles données empiriques sur ce sujet sensible.
L’espace intérieur de la rétention. Policiers et retenus : travailler et habiter dans un lieu d’enfermement des étrangers en Roumanie
Authors: Michalon Bénédicte
Published: September 2015

L’enfermement des étrangers, pratiqué entre autres dans les centres de rétention, se décline selon un ordre spatial multiscalaire qui donne à voir les rapports dissymétriques entre États et étrangers enfermés. Si les logiques qui sous-tendent la rétention aux échelles nationales et régionales ont fait l’objet de recherches conséquentes, le niveau micro de l’intérieur des centres a été peu pris en compte. Les rapports aux lieux, logiques d’appropriation, rituels, représentations et discours de l’espace qui s’y déploient interviennent pourtant dans la mécanique quotidienne du gouvernement des retenus. Cet article questionne donc les rapports à l’espace que développent les deux principaux groupes d’acteurs en présence, les policiers et les étrangers enfermés. Appuyée sur une enquête menée en Roumanie, la recherche démontre que l’espace intérieur des centres de rétention est un rouage déterminant de la politique de mise à l’écart des étrangers. Il est au cœur de l’action policière, tout comme il joue un rôle déterminant dans l’expérience des retenus. Non seulement l’espace contribue à faire advenir l’enfermement par l’ensemble de ses rôles – cadre, moyen, finalité – à l’échelle micro, mais il participe aussi de la production des figures du policier et du retenu.
Noncitizen Detention: Spatial Strategies of Migrant Precarity in US Immigration and Border Control
Authors: Martin Lauren
Published: September 2015

Les services d’immigration et de douane des États-Unis (ICE) sont à la tête du plus grand système d’enfermement national, fait peu anodin dans le pays détenteur du système carcéral le plus important au monde. Cet article analyse le système de rétention des étrangers des États-Unis comme un ensemble de stratégies spatiales à travers lesquelles l’État vise la gestion et la réorientation de la migration internationale. Si la rétention participe à la fois de l’enfermement, de la ségrégation, et de la catégorisation des corps des migrants, elle est aussi l’expression performative de l’État. En conséquence, elle a des effets qui dépassent l’expulsion. Cet article résumera en premier lieu la manière dont la rétention prend appui sur le système de justice pénale et contribue en même temps à son extension. Puis je m’appuierai sur mes recherches sur l’enfermement des non citoyens et les programmes de visite pour démontrer combien la rétention ne se réduit pas à l’immobilisation des corps dans l’espace, mais qu’elle relève d’un processus d’isolement, de criminalisation et de marginalisation. Je montre que la rétention ne peut être analysée et comprise seulement dans son lien à l’expulsion et qu’elle joue un rôle dans la production de la précarité des migrants et dans le contrôle de l’immigration et des frontières.