bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crosslinking assay to study a specific cargo-coat interaction through a transmembrane receptor in the secretory pathway v1
Authors: Manzano-Lopez†* Javier , Rodriguez-Gallardo† Sofia , Sabido-Bozo Susana , Cortes-Gomez Alejandro , Maria Perez-Linero Ana , Lucena Rafael , Cordones-Romero Antonio , Lopez Sergio , Aguilera-Romero Auxiliadora , Muñiz* Manuel
Published: October 2021

Intracellular trafficking through the secretory organelles depends on transient interactions between cargo proteins and transport machinery. Cytosolic coat protein complexes capture specific luminal cargo proteins for incorporation into transport vesicles by interacting with them indirectly through a transmembrane adaptor or cargo receptor. Due to their transient nature, it is difficult to study these specific ternary protein interactions just using conventional native co-immunoprecipitation. To overcome this technical challenge, we have applied a crosslinking assay to stabilize the transient and/or weak protein interactions. Here, we describe a protocol of protein cross-linking and co-immunoprecipitation, which was employed to prove the indirect interaction in the endoplasmic reticulum of a luminal secretory protein with a selective subunit of the cytosolic COPII coat through a specific transmembrane cargo receptor. This method can be extended to address other transient ternary interactions between cytosolic proteins and luminal or extracellular proteins through a transmembrane receptor within the endomembrane system.
Vagus Nerve Recordings Using Carbon Fiber Microelectrode Array (CFMA) v1
Authors: Jiman Ahmad , Welle Elissa , Patel Paras , Ratze David , Bottorff Elizabeth , Richie Julianna , Ouyang Zhonghua , Yan Dongxiao , Seymour John , Chestek Cynthia , Bruns Tim
Published: October 2021

The carbon fiber microelectrode array (CFMA) has demonstrated promising results in recording single-unti neural activity. This protocol is for obtaining CFMA recordings from the cervical vagus nerve of rats in response to the application of potassium chloride (KCl) on the vagus nerve.
Requirements Engineering for Software Systems: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors:   Far Estern Federal University, Vladivostok, 690922, Russian Federation, Kodubets A. A. , Artemieva I. L. ,   Far Estern Federal University, Vladivostok, 690922, Russian Federation
Published: October 2021

This article contains a systematic literature review of requirements engineering for software systems. The literature published within last 5 years was included into the review. A research question was defined as requirements development process of large scale software system (with thousands of requirements) and an interaction problem during this process (communication, coordination and control). The problem is caused by the fact that large-scale software system requirements process is a cross-disciplinary task and it involves multiple parties — stakeholders, domain experts, and suppliers with own goals and constrains, and thus, the interaction between them seriously slows down the overall requirements development process than writing the requirements specification itself. The research papers were classified by several research directions: Natural Language Processing for Requirements Engineering (NLP4RE), Requirement Prioritization, Requirements Traceability, Quality of Software Requirements, Non-functional Requirements and Requirements Elicitation. Motivation and intensity of each direction was described. Each direction was structured and represented with the key references. A contribution of each research direction into the research question was analyzed and summarized including potential further steps. It was identified that some researchers had met a part of the described problem in different forms during their researches. At the end, other researches were described additionally in a short overview. To approach the research question further potential direction was described.
Device for Calculating Logical and Arithmetic Operations
Authors:   Southwestern State University, Kursk, 305040, Russian Federation, Shevelev S. S.
Published: October 2021

A device has been developed that performs logical and arithmetic operations, which can be used to create high-performance, high-speed computing systems. Specialized blocks perform logical operations: AND, OR, NOT, arith­metic operations: addition and subtraction of binary numbers. Arithmetic operations are performed in direct fixed-point codes. The device is presented in the form of a structural scheme, structural and functional schemes of blocks and an algorithm for the operation of the device.
Study of body mass index in physically active young people
Authors: Korolev Dmitry S. , Pustovalov Dmitry A. , Karazhelyaskov Oleg P. , Arkhangelskaya Anna N. , Zaborova Victoria A. , Gurevich Konstantin G.
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: One of the indicators for assessing the state of human health is the body mass index. But this indicator does not give an objective picture, for example, it does not reflect the features of a person's physique. To assess the type of obesity, the ratio of waist circumference to hip circumference is used. This can lead to an incorrect assessment of the nutritional status, and, accordingly, incorrect recommendations for the prevention of non-communicable human diseases.
АIMS: To evaluate the indicators: body mass index and the ratio of waist circumference to hips, the results were compared with the data of a bioimpedance study.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: 154 people of different physical fitness were examined (105 people are athletes, 49 are not engaged in sports). All the surveyed are men, from 15 to 25 years old. The results were obtained for the following indicators: body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, bioimpedance study (assessment of fat mass, lean mass, active cell mass, dry muscle mass, total, extracellular and intracellular water).
RESULTS: Тhe body mass index significantly correlates with such indicators as fat mass, lean mass, dry muscle mass, as well as the water content in the body. The correlation relationship with fat mass is positive, with other indicators ― negative. There is no reliable correlation with the active cell mass. The ratio of waist circumference to hips had a reliable relationship with all the indicators we evaluated. A negative correlation was noted with the fat mass, and a positive correlation was observed for the rest of the indicators.
In people who are actively engaged in sports, the relationship between the body mass index and the content of adipose tissue in the body is more pronounced.
The body mass index and the ratio of waist circumference to hip circumference in athletes are more correlated with the data of the bioimpedance study.
A reliable relationship between the body mass index and the ratio of the waist circumference to the hips has not been established. Thus, it is necessary to conclude that when assessing the state of the body, it is necessary to take into account both indicators. None of these parameters can be used to determine the risks of developing non-communicable diseases.
CONCLUSION: Body mass index indicators, as well as the ratio of waist circumference to hips, significantly correlate with the results of bioimpedance examination, with the exception of active cell mass.
It is advisable to use the body mass index and the ratio of waist circumference to hips as one of the simplest ways to determine risk groups for the development of non-communicable diseases during a mass screening study.
Assessment of hemodynamics in patients with hypertension using dry carbon dioxide baths and ozone therapy
Authors: Yashkov Alexandr V. , Statskaya Svetlana Y. , Popolitov Alexandr B.
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: Despite the wide prevalence of arterial hypertension in modern society, including in the Russian population, patients sometimes do not suspect the presence of the disease, and among patients with an established diagnosis, drug therapy has low effectiveness.
AIMS: Of the study was to study the effect of dry carbon dioxide baths and ozone therapy on heart rate variability and reocardiography in patients with hypertension.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We observed 71 patients with stage I hypertension and grade 12 arterial hypertension. Patients were randomly selected into three groups: in the control group (n=18), patients received complex spa treatment, including diet, physical therapy, massage of the collar area and aromatherapy; in the comparison group (n=20) basic spa therapy and dry carbon dioxide baths; in the main group (n=33) basic spa therapy, ozone therapy and dry carbon dioxide baths.
RESULTS: The combined use of dry carbon dioxide baths and ozone therapy in the complex treatment of patients with hypertension in sanatorium conditions is accompanied by a significant improvement in heart rate variability and central hemodynamics.
CONCLUSION: Complex spa treatment of patients with hypertension with the additional appointment of dry carbon dioxide baths and ozone therapy helps to reduce the tension of the central mechanisms of regulation of the cardiovascular system, restore vegetative balance and vascular tone.
Nitric oxide and regulators of its synthesis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Uryas'yev Oleg M. , Shakhanov Anton , Kanatbekova Zharkynai K.
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
The clinical picture and long-term prognosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) largely depend on comorbid conditions, thereby prompting a relevant search for predictive and preventive methods in the pathogenesis of the disease. Cardiovascular diseases are highly prevalent among patients with COPD. Cardiovascular risks in patients with COPD are associated with changes in the activity of vasoactive mediators, with nitric oxide (NO) being the most important. The important role of nitric oxide in the body prompts it being studied as a biomarker of many diseases; however, its short half-life and rapid clearance prevent its direct assessment in the blood. In the body, nitric oxide is formed from L-arginine with the help of enzymes of NO-synthase group. NO oxide synthesis depends on the concentration of L-arginine, arginase and asymmetric dimethylarginine (inhibitory effect on NO-synthase). The presented literature review highlights modern views on the importance of nitric oxide and regulators of its synthesis in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It also indicates their role in the formation of comorbid conditions, and highlights processes of NO formation in the body.
CONCLUSION: The components of the nitric oxide system (nitric oxide metabolites, L-arginine, arginase, dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase, asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine) can be considered as potential biomarkers of COPD, especially in conditions of cardiovascular comorbidity. Further studies on the nitric oxide system are recommended for assessing the prognosis of the course of diseases and the effectiveness of the current therapy.
Von Willebrand factor in patients with peripheral artery disease who undergo invasive treatment
Authors: Kalinin Roman E. , Suchkov Igor A. , Mzhavanadze Nina D. , Zhurina Olga , Klimentova Emma A. , Povarov Vladislav
Published: October 2021

AIM: To evaluate the level and activity of von Willebrand factor (vWF) in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) who underwent endovascular or open bypass grafting.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 115 patients with chronic lower limb ischemia due to PAD, stage IIb-IV according to A.V. PokrovskyFontaine. Fifty-five participants underwent endovascular treatment, while sixty underwent open bypass procedures using synthetic grafts. Peripheral blood samples were collected from all patients at baseline and three months after invasive treatment to determine the vWF antigen and activity. All patients were monitored every three months for a year to detect the development of unfavorable outcomes including disease progression, restenosis, graft thrombosis, oncology, myocardial infarction (MI), limb loss, stroke, and lethal outcomes.
RESULTS: The highest values of vWF antigen in patients who underwent endovascular treatment were detected in patients with multilevel lesions1.25 g/mL (vs 0.2 g/mL, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.723.21 mcg/mL p = 0.019); with a similar trend observed after a 3month follow-up. Baseline vWF antigen was higher in endovascular group patients who developed myocardial infarction (MI) within a year following the procedures as compared to those without MI: 1.15 mcg/mL (95% CI 1.051.175 mcg/mL) and 0.9 mcg/mL (95% CI 0.781.01 mcg/mL), respectively (p = 0.015). Moreover, vWF antigen was increased at the 3-month follow-up in patients with lethal outcomes1.06 mcg/mL (95% CI 0.961.18 mcg/mL, р = 0.031). vWF activity in endovascular group patients with developed MI was four times higher than those without MI (р = 0.022); a similar trend was detected in the development of lethal outcomes (р = 0.009). Those who underwent open bypass grafting presented with high activity of vWF with maximum values detected in participants with proximal iliofemoral lesions (1200%, 95% CI 640%1200%) and stage IV disease (770%, 95% CI 320%1200%, p 0.05). ROC analysis revealed that vWF activity at least 6.2 times higher in patients who underwent endovascular treatment associated with the development of lethal outcomes within one year after invasive treatments; sensitivity and specificity of the method were 83.3% and 75.5%, accordingly.
CONCLUSION: Patients with PAD presented with increased vWF antigen and activity with maximum values detected in patients with multilevel lesions and critical lower limb ischemia. Increased vWF antigen and activity was associated with development of MI and lethal outcomes within one year following endovascular procedures on lower extremity arteries.
Persistent dysuria in women: etiological diagnostics and treatment
Authors: Slesarevskaya Margarita N. , Ignashov Yuriy A , Kuzmin Igor V. , Al-Shukri Salman Kh.
Published: October 2021

INTRODUCTION: Dysuria is a painful urination combined with its frequency and/or difficulty. Dysuria is observed in many urological diseases and is one of the most common reasons for treatment for urological cause.
AIM: The aim of the study is to identify the etiological factors of dysuria in women and to evaluate a personalized approach to their treatment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed the data of 368 women with chronical cystitis. The inclusion criteria for the study were the presence of dysuria (painful and frequent urination more than 8 times a day with or without difficulty), the prescription of urination disorders over one year old and age 18 and over. All patients underwent a comprehensive urological examination to identify the causes of urinary disorders.
RESULTS: The Bacterial cystitis was confirmed only in 78 (21.2%) patients among all 368 women. In the remaining 290 (78.8%) patients, the causes of persistent dysuria were other diseases: bladder leukoplakia in 154 (41.8%), bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis in 38 (10.3%), viral cystitis in 34 (9.3%), paraurethral formations in 29 (7.9%), neurogenic urinary dysfunction bladder in 25 (6.8%), urethral pain syndrome in 5 (1.4%) patients. Dysuria was also caused by postradiation cystitis (2 patients), secondary stones in the urinary bladder (2 patients), and one patient had extragenital endometriosis.
CONCLUSIONS: The variety of reasons for the development of persistent dysuria in women requires careful examination of patients. Treatment should be carried out only after accurate verification of the diagnosis.
Migration Statecraft: Managing Migration Flows at a Bilateral Level
Authors: Pagani C.
Published: October 2021

This article assesses the theoretical contours and effectiveness of migration governance and diplomacy as an instrument of statecraft in interstate relations. The first part provides an overview of the stakes and challenges of migration within the fields of international relations and political theory. In particular, the category of migration defies the theoretical model of the nation­state, on which traditional IR and political theory are grounded. The second part highlights how the state, through the securitization of migration, uses migration as a tool to reaffirm its defining features: reinforcing its borders, legitimating state sovereignty, and building societal security. The third section demonstrates the usefulness of the category of statecraft within the context of migration governance at a bilateral level owing to the absence of a global normative framework. This relationship can serve different purposes, depending on the context: to harm, to deter, to bargain, to escalate. The last section presents contemporary case studies of the application of migration statecraft by the United States and Russia, as well as by member states along external border of the European Union and within the Schengen space. The elements of "migration statecraft" evidenced by these episodes focus on several objectives: trade blackmail, cooperation in an asymmetrical relation, political threat, and diplomatic escalation for electoral purposes. The variety of these cases illustrates the specificity of statecraft in comparison with foreign policy analysis. While the latter refers to a general and long­term strategy, the former is context­dependent and specific to achievement of a precise desired outcome.
RESULTS OF INTRODUCTION OF MOMORDICA CHARANTIA L. WHEN GRAFTING ON PUMPKIN VARIETIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE MIDDLE CIS-URAL REGION
Authors:   FSBEI HE “Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy", Musikhin S. A. , Fedorov A. V. ,   FSBIS “Udmurt Federal Research Center UB RA, Ardasheva O. A. ,   FSBIS “Udmurt Federal Research Center UB RA
Published: October 2021

In the context of tremendous changes in the world community, one of the main factors is introduction of new plant varieties for reliable development of agriculture. To improve the quality of adaptive capabilities of thermophilic pumpkin crops in the Middle Urals, grafting on resistant stocks can be used. The studies were carried out in 2018-2020 on protected ground, at Udmurt Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the city of Izhevsk. The soil is organo-mineral, humus content is 5.0 %, pH - 5.8. The total plot area is 24 m2, the record area is 16 m2. The repetition was fourfold, the placement of the plots was randomized. The experiment is one-factor. Experimental variants are: 1. Momordica charantia L. without grafting (control), stocks - 2. Cucurbita pepo L., 3. Cucurbita maxima Duch., 4. Cucurbita moschata Duch., 5. Cucurbita ficifolia Bouche., 6. Lagenaria siceraria Molina , Standl. This work presents the stages of the study on compatibility of Momordica charantia when it was grafted onto various types of stocks, based on the analysis of the characteristics of growth and development, survival and productivity of plants. Conclusions were made about the prospects of growing Momordica charantia indoors. The data obtained indicate a high survival rate of Momordica charantia - over 72 % of the studied stocks. At the same time, it should be noted that the highest survival rate among grafts had Cucurbita maxima variant. The dry matter and total sugar content in the fruits of Momordica charantia increased in all variants with grafting (to 26.8 % by dry matter and to 16.2 % by total sugar, respectively) compared to the control, and the accumulation of nitrates was maximum - 384.6 mg / kg in the variant of grafting on Lagenaria siceraria, while there was no excess of MAC.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE MONTH OF THE YEAR ON SPERM CULLING INTENSITY OF SERVICING BULLS
Authors:   Nizhny Novgorod Research Agricultural Institute – Branch of the FARC North-East, Rudenko O.V.
Published: October 2021

The article analyzes the influence of the season of the year on qualitative and quantitative sperm parametres of servicing bulls, it also considers the structure of reasons for culling of ejaculates. The research was carried out on bulls of Holstein, Black Spotted, brown Swiss and Hereford breeds at the age of 2-6 years in OOO “Nizhegorodskoe” for breeding work”. Statistically significant influence of the month of the year on concentration and activity of spermium, the ejaculate volume, the proportion of rejection of ejaculates that do not meet the requirements was established. The sperm concentration was 0.592 billion / ml at the beginning of the year. In spring, there was an increase in concentration and a sharp jump in June to 0.886 billion / ml, then it gradually decreased. The average volume of ejaculate at the beginning of the year was quite high 7.69-8.45 ml, in June there is a sharp decrease in volume, in subsequent months there was a gradual increase in volume to 7.68 ml. The sperm activity parametres change slightly during the year. At the beginning of the year, sperm activity was 5.98 points, in March there is an increase to 6.33 points, and in July to 6.47 points. After July, there is a decrease in activity to 5.95 points. The month influence on sperm concentration was 28.18 %, on the average volume of ejaculate - 19.73 %, on sperm activity - 6.36 %, on the number of frozen semen doses - 10.49 %. The most intensive culling of native sperm occurs in winter-spring months - 16-18 %, in summer culling is reduced to 3-8 %. Thus, in June, the maximum number of semen doses per a servicing bull was received - 887.4. The main reason for culling throughout the year was a low concentration of sperm in the ejaculate, more than half of the culled ejaculates (54.3 %) had this cause, 26.6 % - low activity, 13.6 % - both defects at the same time, 5.5 % were culled for other reasons
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL STATUS OF COWS IN CASE OF INTRODUCTION OF A SILICON-CONTAINING SUPPLEMENT INTO THEIR RATION
Authors:   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU, Dezhatkina S.V. , Zyalalov Sh.R. ,   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU, Dezhatkin M.E. ,   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU
Published: October 2021

The article raises questions about development of organic food market in Russia. One of the options for obtaining organic livestock products by using silicon-containing natural minerals as feed additives is proposed. The main carrier in the supplement is a highly activated natural zeolite, the filler is an amino acid complex of animal origin, the supplement is a 100 % natural product. The work was carried out in Ulyanovsk region at OOO “Agrofirma Tetyushskoye” on dairy cows of the black-and-white breed. There were two groups, 10 cows in each were selected: according to live weight, age, productivity, physiological state. The first group (control) received only the ration accepted on the farm. As for the second group (experimental), a silicon-containing additive based on modified zeolite enriched with amino acids was included in the ration once a day at a dose of 250 g per cow. All the animals were kept in the same conditions, there was stable housing. In the course of the experiment, improvement of morphological composition of cows’ blood and nitrogen metabolism parametres was revealed when an additive based on highly activated zeolite enriched with amino acids was introduced into the ration. The additive promoted an increase of: erythrocytes by 14.38 %, hemoglobin - by 12.17 % (p <0.05), leukocytes - by 20.44 % (p <0.01); total protein - by 11.84 %, albumin - by 11.11%, globulins - by 12.24 %; decrease of urea by 22.22 and ALT activity by 8.0%. In general, the parametres show protein metabolism intensification and effective usage of feed nitrogen for synthesis processes in the body, including milk synthesis.
MORPHO-BIOCHEMICAL STATUS OF YOUNG FATTENING PIGS WHEN USING «POLYSOL OMEGA-3» AND «OMEGA-3 ACTIVE» FEED ADDITIVES IN THEIR RATIONS
Authors:   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU, Semyonova Yu.V. , Ulitko V.E. ,   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU, Pykhtina L.A. ,   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU, Nazarov K.S. ,   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU
Published: October 2021

The article describes results of application of «Polysol Omega-3» and «Omega-3 Active» feed additives in rations of young pigs during fattening period and their influence on hematological and biochemical parameters of animals‘ blood. The research was carried out at the pig breeding complex SPK named after N.K. Krupskaya of Melekesskyi district of Ulyanovsk region. The basis of «Omega-3 Active» supplement is flaxseed oil, which contains 60% of polyunsaturated fatty acids and the prevailing proportion of Omega-3. The feed mixture «Polysol Omega-3» includes fatty acids in combination with a complex of biologically active and mineral substances. In addition to studying the productivity and quality of pig production, the study of the effect of these additives on morpho- biochemical status of blood and, in particular, lipid metabolism is of scientific interest. The results of the analysis showed that in case of application of these feed additives in the rations of young pigs, the concentration of erythrocytes in their blood was higher in comparison with control analogs by 1.13 ... 3.56 %, hemoglobin by 7.97 ... 14.15 % (P <0.01), the total protein content by 6 , 75 ... 7.88 %. This is confirmed by improvement of redox processes and metabolism in their bodies. The ration enrichment with the analyzed additives contributed to better usage of fats in feed, which is confirmed by the studied parametres of lipid metabolism (cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides). The activation of biosynthetic processes had a positive effect on average daily gain of pigs, as a result of which the early maturity of animals increased by 9 ... 23 days
Estudos de contato no GT de Sociolinguística
Authors: Savedra Mônica Maria Guimarães , Spinassé Karen Pupp
Published: October 2021

O presente artigo é parte do número especial sobre o Grupo de Trabalho (GT) de Sociolinguística da Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Letras e Linguística (ANPOLL) ao longo de seus 35 anos de existência. Buscamos traçar aqui um perfil das pesquisas feitas na área do multi/plurilinguismo e do contato linguístico que vêm sendo reportadas no GT, tentando fazer uma rápida explanação teórica de pontos basilares bem como um resgate histórico de momentos e temas desse âmbito. O objetivo é dar visibilidade às pesquisas e discussões sobre os assuntos elencados (multi/plurilinguismo e contato linguístico) e suas temáticas afins (variação, mudança, identidade, políticas linguísticas etc.), as quais, atualmente, estão reunidas no assim denominado Eixo 2 do GT, intitulado “Contato, Variação e Identidade”. Assim, pretendemos traçar um perfil histórico do Eixo e contribuir na divulgação das pesquisas em sociolinguística feitas nos programas de pós-graduação de universidades brasileiras.
Variação construcional – desvendando aspectos do conhecimento linguístico
Authors: Cappelle Bert , Fagundes Travassos Pâmela , Almeida Mota Nahendi , Gonçalves da Costa Mariana , Freitas Nunes Letícia , Martins Gabriel Lucas , Machado Vieira Marcia dos Santos
Published: October 2021

Entrevista com Bert Cappelle.
Bureaucrats First.
Authors: Oudenampsen Merijn , Mellink Bram
Published: October 2021

In the 1980s, a fundamental shift took place in Dutch economic policy: Keynesian demand-management was exchanged for a neoliberal supply-side approach. The single most influential account of this transformation has focused on consensus among corporatist policymakers as key to the reforms. It is the origin story of the Dutch ‘polder model’. The problem however, is that there is surprisingly little evidence for corporatist consensus in the 1980s. Instead of consensus, we argue that there has been a conflict of ideas between Keynesians and supply-siders. And instead of corporatism, we point to bureaucratic elites as a crucial factor in the Dutch policy shift. From the mid-1970s onwards, an influential group of senior public officials emerged that successfully advocated for a supply-side policy, inspired by the industrialization policies developed in the 1950s. In so doing, we believe the Dutch case exemplifies the pathbreaking role of administrative elites as highlighted by Skocpol, Weir and Heclo, rather than corporatist consensus.
Urbanized framework of the Volga-Ural macroregion: Assessment of the potential intensity of economic relations
Authors:   Saratov State University, Preobrazhenskiy Yuri V.
Published: October 2021

Identifying the spatial structures of economic activity within a supra-regional entity is an urgent scientific task. In this study, it is solved using a combination of a framework approach and a model analog of the gravitational interaction for the cities of the Volga-Ural macroregion. According to the cost of industrial production of cities with a population of more than 100 thousand inhabitants (i.e., the first and second cities of their regions) and the distance between them, an industrial-urbanized framework of the macroregion was built, demonstrating the potential of economic ties within it. The analysis of the strength of ties allowed us to identify the peripheral and central cities-industrial centers. Among the first ones there are the cities of Orenburg and Penza regions, among the second ones – Ufa, Samara and Tolyatti. In addition, the functions of the second cities of the regions were analyzed and the degree of industrial orientation of the first and second cities of the macroregion was revealed.
PROVISION OF EDUCATIONAL SERVICES BY HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN CONDITIONS OF COVID‑19 PANDEMIC (PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS)
Authors: Holodenko I. О. , Korneieva E. М.
Published: October 2021

The article is dedicated to the exploration of problematic aspects of the provision of educational services by higher education institutions in conditions of COVID‑19 pandemic. In conclusion, in conditions of COVID‑19 pandemic because of the sudden transition to distantce studying higher education institutions (in Ukraine and worldwide) faced with not only the issues of organisation and teaching distantly (including technical and communication issues), but also with the problem of keeping balance of the public interest and the principle of autonomy of higher education institutions. The attention is drawn to the fact that the solution of the problems of legal regulation of education in the context of the COVID‑19 pandemic should be carried out taking into account the fact that the activation of distance learning in Ukraine is not a learning strategy, but a necessity due to quarantine restrictions. In addition, in connection with the emergence of new pandemics in the modern world, it is necessary to establish special norms aimed at allowing education in higher education institutions in the context of the COVID‑19 pandemic. Furthermore, it is conclusion made about feasibility to apply of some measures needed for the successful realization of the distant learning programs in conditions of safe digital environment by making some changes to current laws and regulatory of Ukraine.
FEATURES OF MODERN JURISPRUDENCE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Authors: Prytchenko R. S.
Published: October 2021

This article identifies the main methods of jurisprudence research. Classical and new methodological approaches to understanding the essence and content of jurisprudence and defining existing forms of jurisprudence are analysed. The study of jurisprudence, taking into account classical and new methodological approaches, provides a more accurate understanding of jurisprudence; contributes to a more detailed analysis of the content of jurisprudence; allows for a more grounded identification of forms of jurisprudence. The evolutionary path of jurisprudence is directly linked at each stage to the state system, the economy, the legal culture and the legal consciousness in society. The regulation of social relations is achieved through customs, contracts, judicial precedents, and regulations. However, it is the responsibility of the courts to resolve conflict situations and, after consideration of the dispute, make a decision accordingly. Repeated application by the courts of the norms governing disputed social relations creates uniformity in the dispute resolution process and develops a uniform rule for the application of these norms in a certain disputed situation, i. e. creates jurisprudence. At present, only on the basis of dialectical materialism, using the principles of pluralism of opinion, comprehensiveness and complexity of knowledge, as well as the principles of determinism, correspondence and additionality, applying classical and modern methods of scientific inquiry, can one approach the study of judicial practice in an objective and harmonious way. This will allow to reveal general regularities in the emergence and development of judicial practice, to identify its content, forms, functions, interaction with other legal phenomena, to determine its influence on law-making and law-enforcement, to understand procedures of formation and process of practical application of its results, to develop a unified understanding of the nature of judicial practice.
Skladiščno-komisionirni sistemi
Authors: Lerher Tone
Published: October 2021

Učbenik obravnava skladiščno-komisionirne sisteme v intralogistiki, kjer so navedeni temeljni skladiščni procesi. Najbolj delovno intenzivni in zahtevni proces v skladiščih predstavlja proces komisioniranja, ki se še vedno najpogosteje izvaja ročno ali samo delno avtomatizirano. Procesu komisioniranja v literaturi in v praksi namenjamo največ pozornosti z vidika vpeljave učinkovitih komisionirnih metod in strategij ter avtomatiziranih in robotiziranih tehnologij pri zagotavljanju procesa komisioniranja paletiziranega blaga, kartonov ali posameznih artiklov. V učbeniku so posebej obravnavani avtomatizirani regalni skladiščni sistemi in analitični modeli za določitev manipulacijskega časa enojnega in dvojnega delovnega cikla ter pretočne zmogljivosti skladišča.
Metody stochastyczne w ekonometrii przestrzennej – nowoczesna analiza asymptotyczna
Authors: Olejnik Alicja , Olejnik Jakub
Published: October 2021

W monografii zostały zaprezentowane najnowsze i w dużej mierze autorskie osiągnięcia z zakresu teorii asymptotycznych stochastycznych modeli ekonometrii przestrzennej. Rezultaty pracy naukowej autorów zostały poprzedzone przeglądem klasycznych, choć przedstawionych w nowoczesnym ujęciu, zagadnień ekonometrii przestrzennej. Ważnym elementem omawianej teorii jest nowe Centralne Twierdzenie Graniczne dla form liniowo-kwadratowych .Pozwala ono na przeprowadzanie formalnych dowodów własności granicznych statystyk testowych autokorelacji przestrzennej oraz estymatorów parametrów modeli ekonometrycznych z zależnościami przestrzennymi.
Water Birds as Indicators of Ecological Conditions in a Ramsar Wetland (Sebkhet Bazer, East of Algeria)
Authors: Djerboua Sabrina , Djerdali Sofia , Guerrero-Casado José , Bachir Abdelkrim Si , Guendouz Ali
Published: October 2021

Background: Wetlands are the highly complex ecosystems due to various interactions between the components, where, the most iconic of ecological changes are the water birds. The current study was aimed to examine the interactions between the water birds diversity, abundance and the abiotic factors in Sebkhet Bazer. Methods: The investigation was conducted between March 2013 and December 2014 in Sebkhet Bazer (Sétif, Algeria, 36°05'N and 5°45'E), by monitoring water birds abundance (grouped into 4: Anatidae, Rallidae, Phoenicopteridae and Shorebirds) and measuring the physico-chemical water parameters (depth, temperature, pH, salinity and vegetation cover). All statistical analysis was performed using the InfoStat software (2017), it was carried out in two steps, by testing of fixed linear models; first of the seasonal differences in water body variables and second of the seasonal differences in bird abundance for the 4 water bird groups. Result: The results showed that the physico-chemical parameters of water varied considerably from season to season. The four groups of birds reached their lowest abundance in summer, with Rallidae and Phonicopteridae being more abundant in spring, Anatidae in winter and Shorebirds in autumn, suggesting that this variation is attributed to changes in water body characteristics between the four seasons. Therefore, the abundance of the different water bird group could be used as an ecological indicator of this wetland’s characteristics. If these features are altered by climate change, the water bird community would be also affected.
Ethno-veterinary Practices For Livestock Owners: A Study in Pithoragadh District of Uttarakhand
Authors: Sharma Arpita , Kumar Sunil , Kandpal Naresh Kumar
Published: October 2021

Background: Livestock plays a vital role in the farmer’s life. They provide farm power, rural transport, manure, fuel, milk and meat. It provides income and employment to the small farmers. Thus, livestock has major role in rural economy. In Uttarakhand, medical facilities are very less in number. Due to unavailability of modern health facilities, poverty, connectivity with urban centre, awareness, etc. people in hilly and rural areas are still depend on traditional medicines for their health care. Some of the communities are using wild plant parts for healthcare. The indigenous knowledge of the veterinary health care system acquired by traditional herbal healers and elderly learned farmers and is orally transformed from one generation to other. Methods: Thus, a study was conducted to document the medicinally important plants used in treatment of cattle diseases by rural people living in Pithoragadh District of Uttarakhand. Interview Schedule, Participatory Rural Appraisal, Group Discussion techniques were used to identify plants and their medicinal information. Out of 219 villages under tehsil Munsyari, total five villages viz; total three villages viz; Alam, Arkhet, Baidu Mahar were selected purposively. Participatory Rural Appraisal, Group Discussion techniques were used to document the medicinal plants. Result: The investigator recorded 30 plants species to have ethnoveterinary value. These medicinal plants are highly valuable and appropriate for animal health care and management. People are dependent upon food, fruits, fodder, and medicinal plants for their healthcare. Hilly people use these traditionally available medicinal plants for animal health and believe that these are easily available, less expensive and have no side effects as compare to modern medicine. Present scenario as deforestation, tourism affects medicinal plants. Thus, conservation of these species is necessary. Proper policies should be needed to conserve the forests and medicinal plants. Attention should be made on scientific validation and proper exploitation and utilization of these medicinally important plants in animal health care.
Economic Analysis of Integrated Farming Systems in Uttar Kannada District of Karnataka
Authors: Shruthi S.M. , Desai N.R. Mamle
Published: October 2021

Background: The present study was conducted in Uttar Kannada district of Karnataka as a project on integrated farming systems was implemented in this district by University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad during the year 2013-15. It was considered for study in master’s research. Methods: Under the study three taluks viz., Sirsi, Mundagod and Bhatkala were selected with an overall objective of identifying and analyzing and the economics of integrated farming systems. The relevant data collected from primary sources through personal interview method were analyzed by tabular and production function techniques. Four main integrated farming systems followed by majority of the farmers in the study area are selected for study, viz., Integrated Farming System-I,II,III,IV.
Result: The study revealed that the total cost under Integrated Farming Systems-III was highest with Rs. 129023, while it was Rs. 115388, Rs.115266 and Rs. 97434 respectively in Integrated Farming Systems-I,II and IV. net farm returns was highest under Integrated Farming Systems-I which was Rs. 86351. In all the different integrated farming systems, the labour and seed cost had significant influence on gross returns. The seed and feed were underutilized, fertilizer, FYM and land were over utilized.
Co-Financing Community-Driven Development Through Informal Taxation: Experimental Evidence from South-Central Somalia
Authors: van den Boogaard, Vanessa , Santoro Fabrizio
Published: October 2021

Community contributions are often required as part of community-driven development (CDD) programmes, with payment encouraged through matching grants. However, little remains known about the impact of matching grants, or the implications of requiring community contributions in order for communities to receive development funding. This paper describes research where we partner with two non-governmental organisations (NGOs) – one international and one Somali – and undertake a randomised control trial of a CDD matching grant programme designed to incentivise informal contributions for local public goods in Gedo region in south-central Somalia. We rely on household survey data collected from 1,297 respondents in 31 treatment and 31 control communities, as well as surveys of village leaders and data on informal contributions from the mobile money platform used by community leaders to collect revenue. Two key findings emerge. First, our research shows that working with communities and incentivising informal revenue generation can be an effective way to deliver public goods and to support citizens and communities. Second, building on research exploring the potential for development interventions to spur virtuous or adverse cycles of governance, we show that development partners may work directly with community leaders and informal taxing institutions without necessarily undermining – and indeed perhaps strengthening – state legitimacy and related ongoing processes of statebuilding in the country. Indeed, despite playing no direct role in the matching grant programme, taxpayer perceptions of the legitimacy of the local government improved as a result of the programme. These findings deepen our understanding of how community contributions may be incentivised through matching grant programmes, and how they may contribute to CDD and public goods provision in a context of weak institutional capacity.
Evidence on the Advantages of Low Carbon Growth in Jordan
Authors: Price Roz
Published: October 2021

There has been a considerable amount of research generally into the benefits associated with low carbon development, showing that it can be synergistic with development priorities – such as job creation, improved public health, social inclusion and improved accessibility (see for example, Gouldson et al., 2018). However, this rapid review finds limited evidence and information around these benefits specifically for the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. There has been much interest in green growth in Jordan in the last ten years, particularly as Jordan is seen as having a large renewable energy potential for solar and wind. International organisations have been working with Jordan to develop comprehensive national plans and strategies to encourage green growth investment. Within the Jordanian government, the green growth concept has mainly been promoted by the Ministry of Environment. The World Bank in particular has produced a number of reports that have fed into this review, that explore or touch on green growth in Jordan – however, they themselves recognise that there is a lack of research on the economic and job-generating impacts of a green growth pathway in Jordan, and emphasise the need for further analysis (see specifically Hakim et al., 2017). Many of the green growth statistics referenced are from single reports undertaken a number of years ago – for example, that environmental degradation costs Jordan 2% of its GDP per year comes from a World Bank report written in 2010 and based on data from 2006 (World Bank, 2010). No more recent reviews were found during this rapid review. This review draws on a mixture of academic and grey literature from government and international organisations.
Are Livestock Always Bad for the Planet? Rethinking the Protein Transition and Climate Change Debate
Authors: Houzer Ella , Scoones Ian
Published: October 2021

Urgent climate challenges have triggered calls for radical, widespread changes in what we eat, pushing for the drastic reduction if not elimination of animal-source foods from our diets. But high-profile debates, based on patchy evidence, are failing to differentiate between varied landscapes, environments and production methods. Relatively low-impact, extensive livestock production, such as pastoralism, is being lumped in with industrial systems in the conversation about the future of food. This report warns that the dominant picture of livestock’s impacts on climate change has been distorted by faulty assumptions that focus on intensive, industrial farming in rich countries. Millions of people worldwide who depend on extensive livestock production, with relatively lower climate impacts, are being ignored by debates on the future of food. The report identifies ten flaws in the way that livestock’s climate impacts have been assessed, and suggests how pastoralists could be better included in future debates about food and the climate.
Hubungan Motivasi, Harga Diri, dan Kepercayaan Diri Terhadap Keberhasilan Siswa Belajar Matematika [Correlation Between Motivation, Self-Esteem, and Self Confidence to Student’s Success in Studying Mathematics]
Authors: Rabay Hikmah Nata
Published: October 2021

The success of students learning Mathematics at “X” Junior High School is very low. Alike success of students learning Mathematics, the students also have low motivation, low self-esteem, and low self-confidence. According to this fact, guessed that there is correlation between motivation and success of students, between self-esteem and success of students, and between self-confidence and success of students learning Mathematics, so needed a research to see that correlation. Research method that was used to see that correlation is correlation method, with questionnaire as a tool to collect data from 131 students of “X” Junior High School. Technique used to analyze data are statistical techniques, which are descriptive and inferential statistic. The conclusions are 1) there is a significant correlation between motivation and success of students learning Mathematics at “X” Junior High School, 2) there is significant correlation between self-esteem and success of students learning Mathematics at “X” Junior High School, and 3) there is significant correlation between self-confidence and success of students learning Mathematics at “X” Junior High School.