bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inhibition performance of halogen-substituted benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazones as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution
Authors: Zhang Honghong , Yang Zhongnian , Zhang Li , Yue Wu , Zhu Yanfeng , Zhang Xian
Published: October 2022

Halogen-substituted benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone derivatives were synthesized and applied as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in 1 M HCl using experimental and computational methods.
Emergence of the super antenna effect in mixed crystals of ytterbium and lutetium complexes showing near-infrared luminescence
Authors: Masuya-Suzuki Atsuko , Goto Satoshi , Nakamura Rika , Karashimada Ryunosuke , Kubota Yasuhiro , Tsunashima Ryo , Iki Nobuhiko
Published: October 2022

In mixed crystals of Yb and Lu complexes, the Lu complex acts as a light-harvesting antenna for the Yb luminescence.
Alkali halides as nucleophilic reagent sources for N-directed palladium-catalysedortho-C–H halogenation ofs-tetrazines and other heteroaromatics
Authors: Daher Ahmad , Abidi Oumaima , Hierso Jean-Cyrille , Roger Julien
Published: October 2022

A general palladium-catalysed selective C–H halogenation reaction is reported, which was successfully achieved for a large variety of functionalized aromatic rings incorporating diverse N-directing groups.
Continuous stirred tank reactors in fine chemical synthesis for efficient mixing, solids-handling, and rapid scale-up
Authors: Cherkasov Nikolay , Adams Samuel J. , Bainbridge Edward G. A. , Thornton Jonty A. M.
Published: October 2022

CSTRs and series: what are the typical applications, strengths and limitations in continuous process chemistry
A long-lived charge-separated state of spiro compact electron donor–acceptor dyads based on rhodamine and naphthalenediimide chromophores
Authors: Xiao Xiao , Kurganskii Ivan , Maity Partha , Zhao Jianzhang , Jiang Xiao , Mohammed Omar F. , Fedin Matvey
Published: October 2022

Spiro compact rhodamine-naphthalenediimide electron donor–acceptor dyads show a long-lived charge separated state (lifetime: 0.72 μs) based on the electron spin control effect were reported.
A manganese(i)tricarbonyl-catalyst for near room temperature alkene and alkyne hydroarylation
Authors: Choudhary Shweta , Cannas Diego M. , Wheatley Matthew , Larrosa Igor
Published: October 2022

A Mn(i)-catalyst for hydroarylation reactions, MnBr(CO)3(MeCN)2, avoids the formation of the off-cycle manganacycle-(CO)4 species responsible for low catalyst activity typical of MnBr(CO)5, leading to mild and broad scope hydroarylation.
Carrier gas triggered controlled biolistic delivery of DNA and protein therapeutics from metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Wijesundara Yalini H. , Herbert Fabian C. , Trashi Orikeda , Trashi Ikeda , Brohlin Olivia R. , Kumari Sneha , Howlett Thomas , Benjamin Candace E. , Shahrivarkevishahi Arezoo , Diwakara Shashini D. , Perera Sachini D. , Cornelius Samuel A. , Vizuet Juan P. , Balkus Kenneth J. , Smaldone Ronald A. , De Nisco Nicole J. , Gassensmith Jeremiah J.
Published: October 2022

We can alter the release kinetics of highly stabilized biomacromolecules in both skin and plant tissues to allow for either instant release or slow release simply by changing the typeof gas used in a pneumatic delivery jet.
Fluorescence turn-on by photoligation – bright opportunities for soft matter materials
Authors: Truong Vinh X. , Holloway Joshua O. , Barner-Kowollik Christopher
Published: October 2022

Photochemical ligations that form fluorescent products provide valuable visual feedback for use in biology and material science.
Rapid scalable fabrication of roll-to-roll slot-die coated flexible perovskite solar cells using intense pulse light annealing
Authors: Chandrasekhar P. S. , Chapagain Sashil , Blake Martin , Armstrong Peter J. , Grapperhaus Craig , Druffel Thad L.
Published: October 2022

Schematic illustration of custom-built roll-to-roll machine setup showing the continuous processing between the unwind and rewind stations including CDT surface preparation, deposition by slot die, drying by an air knife and thermal processing using IPL.
Gas–liquid phase separation at zero temperature: mechanical interpretation and implications for gelation
Authors: Shimada Masanari , Oyama Norihiro
Published: October 2022

We numerically studied the relationship between glasses and gels in the zero-temperature limit by molecular dynamics simulations and normal mode analysis.
Automated analysis of soft material microindentation
Authors: Symons Henry E. , Galanti Agostino , Surmon Joseph C. , Trask Richard S. , Rochat Sebastien , Gobbo Pierangelo
Published: October 2022

A new algorithm is developed to automate the analysis of microindentation measurements by removing data which deviates from elastic contact models. This approach is demonstrated to facilitate the macroscale mechanical mapping of soft materials.
Coexistence of ergodicity and nonergodicity in the aging two-state random walks
Authors: Liu Jian , Jin Yuliang , Bao Jing-Dong , Chen Xiaosong
Published: October 2022

The ergodic property and the ultimate diffusive behavior of the aging two-state random walks is studied. Results reveal that ergodicity and nonergodicity can coexist in the aging two-state random walks.
Modelling viscoelastic relaxation mechanisms in thermorheologically complex Fe(iii)–poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels
Authors: Lenoch Arthur , Schönhoff Monika , Cramer Cornelia
Published: October 2022

Time-temperature scaling procedures for thermorheologically complex Fe(iii)–PAA hydrogels are introduced. The evolution of both, chain and crosslink relaxation dynamics during the gelation process is modelled by a fractional-generalized Maxwell constitutive model.
Ni-free high-entropy rock salt oxides with Li superionic conductivity
Authors: Biesuz Mattia , Chen Jixi , Bortolotti Mauro , Speranza Giorgio , Esposito Vincenzo , Sglavo Vincenzo M.
Published: October 2022

The first NiO-free high entropy rocksalt oxide was successfully synthesized within the system (Mg, Co, Mn, Cu, Zn)O–Li2O. The material shows promising electrochemical properties.
Succinyl-carrageenan on a localised surface plasmon resonance fiber sensor for ammonium ion assays
Authors: Abu Bakar Mohd Hafiz , Azeman Nur Hidayah , Mobarak Nadhratun Naiim , Nazri Nur Afifah Ahmad , Sulaiman Rozita , Arsad Norhana , Mahdi Mohd Adzir , A Bakar Ahmad Ashrif
Published: October 2022

This paper reports on the development of a highly sensitive and selective NH4+ tapered fiber optic Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) sensor coated with succinyl-carrageenan as the sensing material.
Unveiling the uncommon blue-excitable broadband yellow emission from self-trapped excitons in a zero-dimensional hybrid tellurium-based double perovskite
Authors: Mao YiLin , Zhang Jian , Ren Qiqiong , Molokeev Maxim S. , Zhou Guojun , Zhang Xian-Ming
Published: October 2022

Low-dimensional metal halides with ns2 lone-pair electrons have been recognized as new generation luminescent emitters for various optoelectronic applications.
The GaPS2Se2 monolayer: a novel stable 2D Janus semiconductor with anisotropic properties for spontaneous water splitting under the irradiation of solar light
Authors: Zhang Yuefei , Liu Xuefei , Wang Zhen , Chen Xihao , Xiao Wenjun , Liu Tianyun , Gong Wei , Zhou Xun , Pei Xianglin , Zhang Zhaofu
Published: October 2022

Considering the issues of energy shortage and global warming in the near future, developing sustainable and CO2 emission-free energy sources is necessary for industrialization and civilization.
Atomic layer deposition of silicon oxide films using bis(dimethylaminomethylsilyl)trimethylsilylamine and ozone: first-principles and experimental study
Authors: Choi Yeongchan , Son Heeju , Khumaini Khabib , Han Hyunmin , Roh Hyeonsu , Kim Hye-Lee , Lee Sang-Ick , Lee Won-Jun
Published: October 2022

We report high growth rates of the atomic layer deposition of silicon oxide films using a chlorine-free silylamine precursor containing three silicon atoms.
Highly stable and isomorphic donor–acceptor stacking in a family of n-type organic semiconductors of BTBT–TCNQ derivatives
Authors: Matsuoka Satoshi , Ogawa Kazuma , Ono Ryota , Nikaido Kiyoshi , Inoue Satoru , Higashino Toshiki , Tanaka Mutsuo , Tsutsumi Jun'ya , Kondo Ryusuke , Kumai Reiji , Tsuzuki Seiji , Arai Shunto , Hasegawa Tatsuo
Published: October 2022

Unsymmetrically substituted donor–acceptor type compounds exhibit an isomorphous layered packing structure, which is discussed in terms of DFT-based quantum chemical calculations.
Tryptophan metabolism and disposition in cancer biology and immunotherapy
Authors: Badawy Abdulla A.-B.
Published: October 2022

Tumours utilise tryptophan (Trp) and its metabolites to promote their growth and evade host defences. They recruit Trp through up-regulation of Trp transporters, and up-regulate key enzymes of Trp degradation and down-regulate others. Thus, Trp 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), IDO2, N′-formylkynurenine formamidase (FAMID) and Kyn aminotransferase 1 (KAT1) are all up-regulated in many cancer types, whereas Kyn monooxygenase (KMO), kynureninase (KYNU), 2-amino-3-carboxymuconic acid-6-semialdehyde decarboxylase (ACMSD) and quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase (QPRT) are up-regulated in a few, but down-regulated in many, cancers. This results in accumulation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligand kynurenic acid and in depriving the host of NAD+ by blocking its synthesis from quinolinic acid. The host loses more NAD+ by up-regulation of the NAD+-consuming poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) and the protein acetylaters SIRTs. The nicotinamide arising from PARP and SIRT activation can be recycled in tumours to NAD+ by the up-regulated key enzymes of the salvage pathway. Up-regulation of the Trp transporters SLC1A5 and SLC7A5 is associated mostly with that of TDO2 = FAMID > KAT1 > IDO2 > IDO1. Tumours down-regulate enzymes of serotonin synthesis, thereby removing competition for Trp from the serotonin pathway. Strategies for combating tumoral immune escape could involve inhibition of Trp transport into tumours, inhibition of TDO and IDOs, inhibition of FAMID, inhibition of KAT and KYNU, inhibition of NMPRT and NMNAT, inhibition of the AhR, IL-4I1, PARPs and SIRTs, and by decreasing plasma free Trp availability to tumours by albumin infusion or antilipolytic agents and inhibition of glucocorticoid induction of TDO by glucocorticoid antagonism.
Protecting glomerulus: role of angiotensin-II type 2 receptor
Authors: Patel Sanket , Kulkarni Kalyani , Hussain Tahir
Published: October 2022

Podocyte injury due to either drug, toxin, infection, or metabolic abnormality is a great concern as it increases the risk of developing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and proteinuric kidney diseases. The direct podocyte injury due to doxorubicin is associated with an increase in proinflammatory cytokines and induction of cathepsin L. The increased activity of cathepsin L in turn may degrade the glomerular slit diaphragm resulting in proteinuric kidney injury. The angiotensin-II type 2 receptor (AT2R) has earlier been reported to be associated with the preservation of slit diaphragm proteins and prevention of proteinuria. Recent in vivo findings by Zhang and colleagues further support the anti-proteinuric role of AT2R in preventing podocyte injury via down-regulating cytokines ccl2, and hence, cathepsin L, thereby, limiting the progression of FSGS.
Set7 deletion attenuates isoproterenol-induced cardiac fibrosis and delays cardiac dysfunction
Authors: Lunardon Guilherme , de Oliveira Silva Tábatha , Lino Caroline A. , Lu Yao Wei , Miranda Juliane B. , Asprino Paula F. , de Almeida Silva Amanda , Nepomuceno Gabrielle T. , Irigoyen Maria Cláudia Costa , Carneiro-Ramos Marcela S. , Takano Ana Paula C. , Martinho Herculano da Silva , Barreto-Chaves Maria Luiza M. , Wang Da-Zhi , Diniz Gabriela P.
Published: October 2022

Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death worldwide. Recent studies have revealed the influence of histone-modifying enzymes in cardiac remodeling and heart dysfunction. The Set7 methyltransferase regulates the expression of several genes through the methylation of histones and modulates the activity of non-histone proteins. However, the role of Set7 in cardiac remodeling and heart dysfunction remains unknown. To address this question, wild-type (WT) and Set7 knockout (KO) male mice were injected with isoproterenol or saline. WT mice injected with isoproterenol displayed a decrease in Set7 activity in the heart. In addition, WT and Set7 KO mice injected with isoproterenol exhibited cardiac hypertrophy. Interestingly, Set7 deletion exacerbated cardiac hypertrophy in response to isoproterenol but attenuated myocardial fibrosis. Echocardiograms revealed that WT mice injected with isoproterenol had lowered ejection fractions and fractional shortening, and increased E′-wave deceleration time and E/A ratio compared with their controls. Conversely, Set7 KO mice did not show alteration in these parameters in response to isoproterenol. However, prolonged exposure to isoproterenol induced cardiac dysfunction both in WT and Set7 KO mice. Both isoproterenol and Set7 deletion changed the transcriptional profile of the heart. Moreover, Set7 deletion increased the expression of Pgc1α and mitochondrial DNA content in the heart, and reduced the expression of cellular senescence and inflammation markers in response to isoproterenol. Taken together, our data suggest that Set7 deletion attenuates isoproterenol-induced myocardial fibrosis and delays heart dysfunction, suggesting that Set7 plays an important role in cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in response to stress.
Overview of monitoring methods of press‐pack insulated gate bipolar transistor modules under different package failure modes
Authors: Liu Renkuan , Li Hui , Yao Ran , Lai Wei , Xiao Wang , Tan Hongtao
Published: October 2022

Press‐pack insulated gate bipolar transistor modules (PP‐IGBTs) have been widely used in high‐voltage and high‐power‐density applications, such as high‐voltage direct‐current (HVDC) converters, because of their advantages of low thermal resistance, double side cooling, and short‐circuit failure mode. Package failure is one of the main reasons for IGBT module failure. Package condition monitoring is the key to realizing modules fault diagnosis, condition prediction, and intelligent operation and maintenance. At present, a variety of characteristic parameters, such as on voltage and junction temperature, are used in package condition monitoring. However, the characteristic parameters show different variation laws under different package degradation modes. Therefore, the relationship between package degradation modes and characteristic parameters is the key to realizing the condition monitoring, so as to improve the reliability of the power electronic system. In this paper, first, the package structure of a PP‐IGBT is analyzed. Second, the mechanisms of fretting wear degradation, gate‐oxide degradation, spring degradation, lid warping degradation, micro arcing degradation, short‐circuit failure, and open‐circuit failure are reviewed. The variation laws of characteristic parameters under each degradation and failure mode are then investigated. Finally, three difficult problems including characteristic parameter measurement, especially pressure monitoring, high‐sensitivity detection, and characterization and evaluation, are discussed and analyzed.
A puzzling 2-hour X-ray periodicity in the 1.5-hour orbital period black widow PSR J1311−3430
Authors: De Luca Andrea , Marelli Martino , Mereghetti Sandro , Salvaterra Ruben , Mignani Roberto , Belfiore Andrea
Published: October 2022

Time-domain analysis of an archival XMM-Newton observation unveiled a very unusual variability pattern in the soft X-ray emission of PSR J1311−3430, a black widow millisecond pulsar in a tight binary (PB = 93.8 min) with a very low-mass (M ∼ 0.01 M⊙) He companion star, known to show flaring emission in the optical and in the X-rays. A series of six pulses with a regular recurrence time of ∼124 min is apparent in the 0.2−10 keV light curve of the system, also featuring an initial, bright flare and a quiescent phase lasting several hours. The X-ray spectrum does not change when the pulses are seen and it is consistent with a power law with photon index Γ ∼ 1.5, also describing the quiescent emission. The peak luminosity of the pulses is of several 1032 erg s−1. Simultaneous observations in the U band with the Optical Monitor onboard XMM and in the g′ band from the Las Cumbres Observatory do not show any apparent counterpart of the pulses and only display the well-known orbital modulation of the system. We consider different hypotheses to explain the recurrent pulses: we investigate their possible analogy with other phenomena already observed in this pulsar and in similar systems and we also study possible explanations related to the interaction of the energetic pulsar wind with intra-binary material, but we found none of these pictures to be convincing. We identify simultaneous X-ray observations and optical spectroscopy as a possible way to constrain the nature of the phenomenon.
Polarimetric signatures of hot spots in black hole accretion flows
Authors: Vos J. , Mościbrodzka M. A. , Wielgus M.
Published: October 2022

Context. The flaring events observed in the Sagittarius A* supermassive black hole system can be attributed to the nonhomogeneous nature of the near-horizon accretion flow. Bright regions in this flow may be associated with density or temperature anisotropies, corresponding to so-called “bright spots” or “hot spots.” Such orbiting features may explain observations at infrared wavelengths, as well as recent findings at millimeter wavelengths.

Aims. In this work, we study the emission from an orbiting equatorial bright spot, imposed on a radiatively inefficient accretion flow background, to find polarimetric features indicative of the underlying magnetic field structure and other system variables, including inclination angle, spot size, black hole spin, and more. Specifically, we investigate the impact of these parameters on the Stokes 𝒬 − 𝒰 signatures that commonly exhibit a typical double loop (pretzel-like) structure.

Methods. Our semi-analytical model, describing the underlying plasma conditions and the orbiting spot, is built within the framework of the numerical radiative transfer code ipole, which calculates synchroton emission at 230 GHz.

Results. We showcase the wide variety of 𝒬 − 𝒰 loop signatures and the relation between inner and outer loops. For the vertical magnetic field topology, the inner 𝒬 − 𝒰 loop is explained by the suppression of the synchrotron emission as seen by the distant observer. For the radial and toroidal magnetic field topologies, the inner 𝒬 − 𝒰 loop corresponds to the part of the orbit where the spot is receding with respect to the observer.

Conclusions. Based on our models, we conclude that it is possible to constrain the underlying magnetic field topology with an analysis of the 𝒬 − 𝒰 loop geometry, particularly in combination with circular polarization measurements.
Platelets and Sera from Donors of Convalescent Plasma after Mild COVID-19 Show No Procoagulant Phenotype
Authors: Uzun Günalp , Singh Anurag , Abou-Khalel Wissam , Pelzl Lisann , Weich Karoline , Nowak-Harnau Stefanie , Althaus Karina , Bugert Peter , Klüter Harald , Bakchoul Tamam
Published: October 2022

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is associated with increased thromboembolic complications. Long-term alteration in the coagulation system after acute COVID-19 infection is still a subject of research. Furthermore, the effect of sera from convalescent subjects on platelets is not known. In this study, we investigated platelet phenotype, coagulation, and fibrinolysis in COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) donors and analyzed convalescent sera-induced effects on platelets. We investigated CCP donors who had a history of mild COVID-19 infection and donors who did not have COVID-19 were used as controls. We analyzed phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization, CD62p expression, and glycoprotein VI (GPVI) shedding both in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and after incubation of washed healthy platelets with donors' sera using flow cytometry. Coagulation and fibrinolysis systems were assessed with thromboelastometry. Forty-seven CCP donors (22 males, 25 females; mean age (±SD): 41.4 ± 13.7 years) with a history of mild COVID-19 infection were included. Median duration after acute COVID-19 infection was 97 days (range, 34–401). We did not find an increased PS externalization, CD62p expression, or GPVI shedding in platelets from CCP donors. Sera from CCP donors did not induce PS externalization or GPVI shedding in healthy platelets. Sera-induced CD62p expression was slightly, albeit statistically significantly, lower in CCP donors than in plasma donors without a history of COVID-19. One patient showed increased maximum clot firmness and prolonged lysis time in thromboelastometry. Our findings suggest that procoagulant platelet phenotype is not present after mild COVID-19. Furthermore, CCP sera do not affect the activation status of platelets.
Berufliche Teilhabe nach einer medizinischen Rehabilitation aufgrund
von Erkrankungen des Verdauungssystems. Repräsentative Analysen auf
Basis der Routinedaten der Deutschen Rentenversicherung
Authors: Streibelt Marco , Hüppe Angelika , Langbrandtner Jana , Steimann Gero , Zollmann Pia
Published: October 2022

Ziel Erkrankungen des Verdauungssystems wie Morbus Crohn (MC) oder Colitis
Ulcerosa (CU) gehen mit Problemen in der beruflichen Teilhabe einher, machen
aber nur einen kleinen Teil aller Rehabilitationsleistungen der Deutschen
Rentenversicherung (DRV) aus. Die medizinische Rehabilitation ist eine gute
Behandlungsoption, ihre Wirksamkeit hinsichtlich berufsbezogener
Zielgrößen ist jedoch unklar. Ebenso liegen bislang keine
repräsentativen Befunde zur Rückkehr in Arbeit nach einer
gastroenterologischen Rehabilitation sowie zu relevanten Einflussfaktoren vor.
Diese Lücke zu schließen ist Ziel der vorliegenden Analyse.

Methodik Verwendet wurde die Reha-Statistik-Datenbasis der DRV.
Eingeschlossen wurden Rehabilitand*innen, die in 2017 eine medizinische
Rehabilitation aufgrund einer Erkrankung des Verdauungssystems abgeschlossen
haben. Die Analysen wurden für die Gesamtgruppe sowie differenziert nach
den Diagnosegruppen MC, UC, Divertikelkrankheiten (DI) sowie Erkrankungen des
Pankreas (PA) durchgeführt. Berufliche Teilhabe wurde sowohl
über eine monatliche Zustandsvariable bis 24 Monate nach der
Rehabilitation als auch als Quote aller Personen, die nach 12 respektive 24
Monaten im Erhebungsmonat und den 3 vorhergehenden Monaten
sozialversicherungspflichtig beschäftigt waren, operationalisiert.
Für die Analyse der Einflussfaktoren auf stabile berufliche Teilhabe
wurden multiple logistische Regressionsmodelle mit schrittweisem Einschluss,
getrennt für die Quoten nach 12 und 24 Monaten, kalkuliert.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt flossen 8.795 Datensätze in die Analyse ein
(darunter MC: n=1.779, 20%; CU: n=1.438, 16%;
DI: 1.282, 15%; PA: n=761, 9%). Der Altersdurchschnitt
in den Gruppen lag zwischen 44 (MC) und 54 (DI) Jahren, der Anteil der Frauen
zwischen 28% (PA) und 57% (MC). Zwischen 16% (DI) und
32% (PA) der Rehabilitand*innen wiesen Fehlzeiten von 6 und mehr
Monaten im Jahr vor der Leistung auf. Zwei Jahre nach der Rehabilitation lagen
die Rückkehrquoten in Arbeit bei 69% (MC), 71% (CU),
68% (DI) und 58% (PA). Die stärksten Einflussfaktoren
auf stabile berufliche Teilhabe waren die Fehlzeiten und das Entgelt vor
Rehabilitation sowie die Arbeitsfähigkeit bei Aufnahme.

Schlussfolgerung Zwei Jahre nach der Teilnahme an einer
gastroenterologischen Rehabilitation in Deutschland befinden sich 6 bis 7 von 10
Betroffenen in stabiler beruflicher Teilhabe. Relevante Einflussfaktoren auf die
Entwicklung sind Arbeitsunfähigkeit und Entgelthöhe im Vorfeld
der Rehabilitation. Die Ergebnisse unterstützen eine Erweiterung des
Reha-Konzeptes um arbeitsbezogene Aspekte.
Kreislaufstillstand nach Geschlechtsverkehr
Authors: Kozlov Anton , Hoffmann Ina , Ridwan Hani , Schröder Stefan
Published: October 2022

Die akute aneurysmatische Subarachnoidalblutung (SAB) ist ein oft junge, beruflich tätige Menschen treffendes Krankheitsbild mit hoher Morbidität und Mortalität. Obwohl kardiologische
Komplikationen wie ischämietypische EKG-Veränderungen oder eine Stresskardiomyopathie häufig beobachtete Epiphänomene einer SAB darstellen, tragen sie häufig zu einer Fehltriage und
verzögerten Behandlung der SAB bei. Wir schildern die Schwierigkeiten der prä- und innerklinischen Entscheidungsfindung in diesem klinischen Setting am Fall eines 48-jährigen Patienten,
welcher sich im Rettungsdienst mit Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand präsentierte und in der innerklinischen Diagnostik das Bild einer Tako-Tsubo-Kardiomyopathie bot.
Radiological Spectrum of Pseudoangiomatous Stromal Hyperplasia of Breast—A Case Series
Authors: Parameswaran Prathiba Rajalakshmi , Renganathan Rupa , Subramaniam Prema , Thakur Vinita
Published: October 2022

Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) is a benign mesenchymal tumor-like lesion of the breast. It is commonly seen as incidental background changes of the intralobular stroma in biopsy specimens performed for other breast lesions. Less frequently, it presents as a nodular form that has a benign morphology on imaging, mimicking fibroadenoma or as a diffuse form causing progressive massive gigantomastia. Diagnosis is established by biopsy. Knowledge of the imaging appearance of PASH not only facilitates proper assessment of radiopathological correlation but also helps in deciding further management of these lesions. Occasionally, nodular PASH may have a suspicious appearance on imaging wherein excision biopsy is indicated to exclude a coexisting carcinoma.
Neuroaudiological Considerations for the Auditory Brainstem Response and Middle Latency Response Revisited: Back to the Future
Authors: Musiek Frank E. , Baran Jane A.
Published: October 2022

The auditory brainstem response (ABR) and middle latency response (MLR) are two sets of evoked potentials that have made major contributions to the field of diagnostic audiology. Many of these contributions were guided by clinical research audiologists. Though many of these auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) are still being used diagnostically by audiologists, there has been a steep decline in their popularity both clinically and in the research laboratory. This is indeed most unfortunate because these AEPs could and should be advancing our field and benefitting many patients. In this article, some critical research is overviewed that addresses some of the reasons why these AEPs (ABR and MLR) are not being utilized as frequently as they should be for neuroauditory assessments. Reflecting on our past when ABR and MLR were more commonly used can serve as a model for our future. Multiple applications and the diagnostic value of these AEPs are presented in an effort to convince audiologists that these electrophysiologic procedures should be revisited and reapplied in the clinic and research settings. It is argued that the dwindling use of ABR and MLR (and AEPs in general) in the field of audiology is not only remarkably premature but also lacks good scientific grounding. While on the other hand, if applied clinically, the value of these AEPs is both substantial and promising.
Emerging Bacterial Pathogens in the COVID-19 Era: Chryseobacterium gleum—A Case in Point
Authors: Angrup Archana , Sharma Bhawna , Sehgal Inderpaul Singh , Biswal Manisha , Ray Pallab
Published: October 2022

Introduction In the ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic, a long hospital stay and empirical broad-spectrum antibiotics make the patients prone to acquire nosocomial infections especially with unconventional organisms, and Chryseobacterium gleum is one such rare nosocomial pathogen.

Methods The given study is a case-series-based study conducted from September 2020 to April 2021 in which clinically suspected pneumonia patients who recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were included.

Results Seventeen C. gleum isolates were obtained in pure culture from the tracheal aspirates of nine COVID-19 patients (including repeat samples to rule out colonization) within a period of eight months (September 2020–April 2021). Our records showed that there has been an increase in the number of isolates of C. gleum obtained in respiratory samples in 2020. We also did a review of literature of all the cases of C. gleum pneumonia reported till now.

Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the isolation of this rare pathogen from COVID-19 patients with clinical significance in a large cohort of patients. Therefore, it becomes important to consider this pathogen as a significant cause of respiratory infections, especially in patients recovered post COVID-19.
Supramolecular Tools for the Stabilisation of Blue-Phase Liquid Crystals
Authors: Kraus Felix , Giese Michael
Published: October 2022

Blue phases (BPs), a unique manifestation of chirality in the liquid crystalline state, have gained considerable attention due to the unusual combination of properties such as sub-millisecond response times to electrical fields and Bragg reflection of circularly polarised light. Initially they were regarded as promising materials for the development of the next-level display technologies. However, in recent years, they have gained increasing attention as responsive photonic materials with sensing or optoelectronics properties (photonic mirrors and filters). A major limitation so far has been their narrow temperature range in which they usually exist. The aim of the present review is to summarise the recent efforts made to stabilise BPs by employing specific non-covalent bonds and the principles of supramolecular chemistry.

1 Introduction

2 Stabilisation of Blue Phases by Supramolecular Methods

2.1 Doping Approach

2.2 Design Approach

3 Conclusions and Outlook
Pyrene-Based Macrocrosslinkers with Supramolecular Mechanochromism for Elastic Deformation Sensing in Hydrogel Networks
Authors: Rasch Dustin , Göstl Robert
Published: October 2022

Excimer-containing polymers with supramolecular mechanochromism are an attractive and well-investigated class of mechanoresponsive materials. However, only recently steps toward mechanophore-like mechanochromic systems that are anchored within the parent polymer structure and that show defined optical transitions on the molecular scale have been reported. However, the multi-step syntheses of these constructs are tedious. Here we report the development of a series of pyrene-based macrocrosslinkers that display supramolecular mechanochromism and are readily synthesized from mostly commercial reagents. We incorporate the water-soluble macrocrosslinkers in hydrogel networks and demonstrate their reversible mechanochromic behavior in the elastic deformation regime.
Are healthful behavior change policies ever unethical?
Authors: Braithwaite R. Scott
Published: October 2022

Public health experts often assume that any policy promoting healthful behavior change is inherently and self-evidently ethical. This assumption is incorrect. This Viewpoint describes why evaluating the ethics of a policy to promote healthful behavior change should require (1) valuing consequences for wellbeing proportionately to consequences for health, (2) valuing changes to the distributional equity of health and wellbeing together with their aggregate improvement, and (3) anticipating and surveilling for unintended consequences sufficiently important to offset benefits. I illustrate these three requirements through a hypothetical salt restriction policy, which is unethical if it evokes strong preferences that detract from wellbeing, disproportionately confers health benefits to those who are already healthy, or elicits unintended consequences that offset health benefits. I discuss why analogies of salt restriction mandates are inappropriate. In summary, public health decision-makers should employ more structured, explicit and comprehensive criteria when considering the ethical consequences of policies.
Culture and poverty from a lifeworld stance: rehabilitating a controversial conceptual pair
Authors: Erhard Franz
Published: October 2022

This paper picks up Oscar Lewis’s controversial culture of poverty theorem and shows that it has analytical potential, if applied with a rigorous, dispassionate and actor-bound concept of “culture”. Based on Alfred Schutz’s socio-phenomenological model of the lifeworld, “culture” is understood as the interpretive und pragmatic ways in which actors approach the world. Staying true to this framework, I argue that people in scarce living conditions are deprived of institutionalized possibilities to live out their intentionality. This demoralizes and disorients them, which results in the loss of inner drive and pessimistic attitudes. Fatalism and passiveness infiltrate their action planning. Phenomenology helps to systematize these results into spatial, temporal and social aspects: people in poverty lose opportunities for the appropriation of space, their biographies appear to stagnate and they are preoccupied with securing their social reputation. My results therefore show that poverty should not be understood as a self-isolated subculture. Instead, people in poverty are heavily oriented towards the dominant middleclass and its life models. The interview data that provided these insights were collected in North England and South Wales, in the facilities of subsidiary and counseling bodies, between 2016 and 2019. They were analyzed using methods of hermeneutic text interpretation.
Temperature distribution in a laser-heated diamond anvil cell as described by finite element analysis
Authors: Farah Frederick , Lee Kanani K. M. , Akin Minta C.
Published: October 2022

Finite element analysis (FEA) is a powerful tool for numerically solving partial differential equations over complex geometries and is thus useful for analyzing heat transport in laser-heated diamond anvil cell (LHDAC) experiments. Our models expand on previously published simulations by calculating the volume-averaged temperatures of both the sample and insulation/pressure media under steady-state heating to determine the thermal pressure of the hot sample. Our goal is to produce an accurate relationship between the measured surface temperature of the absorbing sample and the temperature of the transparent insulating media, which is used to determine thermal pressure but susceptible to steep temperature gradients. We find that in doing so, our FEA models of temperature within the pressure/insulation media can differ from simplified estimates of temperature gradients by more than a factor of 2. We also explore temperature-dependent and temperature-independent thermal conductivity models and find that the volume-averaged temperatures differ by up to a factor of 1.3, forcing the predicted thermal pressures determined to also differ by up to a factor of 1.5 at a temperature of 2000 K at 50 GPa for neon. Higher temperatures exacerbate this difference. We also find that unintentional asymmetric sample insertion and sample heating, which are common in LHDAC experiments, do not have a first-order effect on volume-averaged temperatures. The FEA models, available in both Python and FlexPDE, are versatile across different sample geometries, materials, and heat source laser shapes.
Differential evolution optimization of Rutherford backscattering spectra
Authors: Heller René , Klingner Nico , Claessens Niels , Merckling Clement , Meersschaut Johan
Published: October 2022

We investigate differential evolution optimization to fit Rutherford backscattering data. The algorithm helps to find, with very high precision, the sample composition profile that best fits the experimental spectra. The capabilities of the algorithm are first demonstrated with the analysis of synthetic Rutherford backscattering spectra. The use of synthetic spectra highlights the achievable precision, through which it becomes possible to differentiate between the counting statistical uncertainty of the spectra and the fitting error. Finally, the capability of the algorithm to analyze large sets of experimental spectra is demonstrated with the analysis of the position-dependent composition of a SrxTiyOz layer on a 200 mm silicon wafer. It is shown that the counting statistical uncertainty as well as the fitting error can be determined, and the reported total analysis uncertainty must cover both.
Optical properties of polar and nonpolar GaN/AlN multiquantum well systems—DFT study
Authors: Ahmad Ashfaq , Strak Pawel , Sakowski Konrad , Piechota Jacek , Kempisty Paweł , Kamińska Agata , Krukowski Stanisław
Published: October 2022

Ab initio simulations were applied for nonpolar GaN/AlN superlattices of various widths for the first time giving band diagrams and optical transition oscillator strengths. The results confirmed the absence of electric fields in m-plane GaN/AlN multiquantum well (MQW) systems leading to drastically different properties of polar and nonpolar systems, narrow polar and nonpolar GaN/AlN well properties, such as bandgap or oscillator strength. Wider wells show drastic differences related to the presence of electric fields in polar systems. Wide nonpolar wells have bandgaps following parabolic dependence resulting from localization energy. Polar wide well gaps are determined by spontaneous and piezoelectric fields that reduce bandgap for wider wells and barriers. Oscillator strength shows a more dramatic difference between polar and nonpolar wells. Drastic reduction in the oscillator strength is observed for wide polar MQWs. The decrease in the oscillator strength by several orders of magnitude is observed for the increase in the width of wells and barriers. The wide polar wells should have extremely ineffective radiative emission from both direct and across the barrier overlap of electron–hole wavefunctions.
The phase-2 particle x-ray temporal diagnostic for simultaneous measurement of multiple x-ray and nuclear emission histories from OMEGA implosions (invited)
Authors: Kabadi N. , Adrian P. , Stoeckl C. , Sorce A. , Sio H. W. , Bedzyk M. , Evans T. , Ivancic S. , Katz J. , Knauer J. , Pearcy J. , Weiner D. , Betti R. , Birkel A. , Cao D. , Johnson M. Gatu , Regan S. P. , Petrasso R. D. , Frenje J.
Published: October 2022

Electron-temperature (Te) measurements in implosions provide valuable diagnostic information, as Te is negligibly affected by residual flows and other non-thermal effects unlike ion-temperature inferred from a fusion product spectrum. In OMEGA cryogenic implosions, measurement of Te(t) can be used to investigate effects related to time-resolved hot-spot energy balance. The newly implemented phase-2 Particle X-ray Temporal Diagnostic (PXTD) utilizes four fast-rise (∼15 ps) scintillator-channels with distinct x-ray filtering. Titanium and stepped aluminum filtering were chosen to maximize detector sensitivity in the 10–20 keV range, as it has been shown that these x rays have similar density and temperature weighting to the emitted deuterium–tritium fusion neutrons (DTn) from OMEGA Cryo-DT implosions. High quality data have been collected from warm implosions at OMEGA. These data have been used to infer spatially integrated Te(t) with <10% uncertainty at peak emission. Nuclear and x-ray emission histories are measured with 10 ps relative timing uncertainty for x rays and DTn and 12 ps for x rays and deuterium-He3 protons (D3Hep). A future upgrade to the system will enable spatially integrated Te(t) with 40 ps time-resolution from cryogenic DT implosions.
Proton damage in (Y,Lu,Gd)3(Al,Ga)5O12:Ce mixed garnet scintillators
Authors: Tafoya L. , Geppert-Kleinrath V. , Smith E. , McClellan K. , Pestovich K. , Richards C. , Wiggins B.
Published: October 2022

Scintillators are vital components for nuclear instrumentation and its applications, including plasma diagnostics and imaging. As yields in controlled fusion experiments increase, the radiation tolerance of scintillator candidates for use in instrumentation is of particular importance. High radiation exposure can damage scintillating materials and alter the optical properties. The effects of radiation damage in Ce-doped mixed garnet ceramics over the compositional range (Y,Gd,Lu)3(Al,Ga)5O12 are investigated using optical techniques. The samples were exposed to 200 keV protons to an accumulated fluence of 1016 protons per square centimeter, then characterized using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). DRS with visible light can assess the radiation tolerance of opaque poly-crystalline samples, which can be easily sintered from powders and thus offer distinct advantages in characterization compared to single crystals. Qualitative trends in induced absorption are presented as a function of composition, and the ideal cerium dopant concentration for Y2LuAl5O12 is determined to be 0.60–0.75 mol. %.
Determination of laser entrance hole size for ignition-scale octahedral spherical hohlraums
Authors: Chen Yao-Hua , Li Zhichao , Cao Hui , Pan Kaiqiang , Li Sanwei , Xie Xufei , Deng Bo , Wang Qiangqiang , Cao Zhurong , Hou Lifei , Che Xingsen , Yang Pin , Li Yingjie , He Xiaoan , Xu Tao , Liu Yonggang , Li Yulong , Liu Xiangming , Zhang Haijun , Zhang Wei , Jiang Baibin , Xie Jun , Zhou Wei , Huang Xiaoxia , Huo Wen Yi , Ren Guoli , Li Kai , Hang Xudeng , Li Shu , Zhai Chuanlei , Liu Jie , Zou Shiyang , Ding Yongkun , Lan Ke
Published: October 2022

A recently proposed octahedral spherical hohlraum with six laser entrance holes (LEHs) is an attractive concept for an upgraded laser facility aiming at a predictable and reproducible fusion gain with a simple target design. However, with the laser energies available at present, LEH size can be a critical issue. Owing to the uncertainties in simulation results, the LEH size should be determined on the basis of experimental evidence. However, determination of LEH size of an ignition target at a small-scale laser facility poses difficulties. In this paper, we propose to use the prepulse of an ignition pulse to determine the LEH size for ignition-scale hohlraums via LEH closure behavior, and we present convincing evidence from multiple diagnostics at the SGIII facility with ignition-scale hohlraum, laser prepulse, and laser beam size. The LEH closure observed in our experiment is in agreement with data from the National Ignition Facility. The total LEH area of the octahedral hohlraum is found to be very close to that of a cylindrical hohlraum, thus successfully demonstrating the feasibility of the octahedral hohlraum in terms of laser energy, which is crucially important for sizing an ignition-scale octahedrally configured laser system. This work provides a novel way to determine the LEH size of an ignition target at a small-scale laser facility, and it can be applied to other hohlraum configurations for the indirect drive approach.
Detection of an internal solitary wave by the underwater vehicle based on machine learning
Authors: Zhang Miao , Hu Haibao , Du Peng , Chen Xiaopeng , Li Zhuoyue , Wang Chao , Cheng Lu , Tang Zijian
Published: October 2022

A new hydrodynamic artificial intelligence detection method is proposed to realize the accurate detection of internal solitary waves (ISWs) by the underwater vehicle. Two deep convolution neural network structures are established to predict the relative position between the underwater vehicle and ISW and the flow field around the underwater vehicle. By combining field observation data and the computational fluid dynamics method, accurate numerical simulation of the motion of the underwater vehicle in a real ISW environment is achieved. The training process for the neural network is implemented by building a dataset from the above results. It is shown that the position prediction accuracy of the network for ISW is larger than 95%. For the prediction of the flow field around the underwater vehicle, it is found that the addition of the convolutional block attention module can increase the prediction accuracy. Moreover, the reduction of the number of sensors by the dynamic mode decomposition method and k-means clustering method is realized. The accuracy can still reach 92% even when the number of sensors is reduced. This study is the first to use hydrodynamic signals for the detection of ISW, which can enhance the navigation safety of underwater vehicles.
Unsupervised deep learning of spatial organizations of coherent structures in a turbulent channel flow
Authors: Sayyari Mohammad Javad , Hwang Jinyul , Kim Kyung Chun
Published: October 2022

We examined the capability of an unsupervised deep learning network to capture the spatial organizations of large-scale structures in a cross-stream plane of a fully developed turbulent channel flow at Reτ≈180. For this purpose, a generative adversarial network (GAN) is trained using the instantaneous flow fields in the cross-stream plane obtained by a direct numerical simulation (DNS) to generate similar flow fields. Then, these flow fields are examined by focusing on the turbulent statistics and the spatial organizations of coherent structures. We extracted the intense regions of the streamwise velocity fluctuations (u) and the vortical structures in the cross-stream plane. Comparing the DNS and GAN flow fields, it is revealed that the network not only presents the one-point and two-point statistics quite accurately but also successfully predicts the structural characteristics hidden in the training dataset. We further explored the meandering motions of large-scale u structures by measuring their waviness in the cross-stream plane. It is shown that as the size of the u structures increases, they exhibit more aggressive waviness behavior which in turn increases the average number of vortical structures surrounding the low-momentum structures. The success of GAN in this study suggests its potential to predict similar information at a high Reynolds number and, thus, be utilized as an inflow turbulence generator to provide instantaneous boundary conditions for more complicated problems, such as turbulent boundary layers. This has the potential to greatly reduce the computational costs of DNS related to a required large computational domain at high Reynolds numbers.
Paying the price – out-of-pocket payments for mental health care in Australia
Authors: Rosenberg Sebastian , Park Shin Ho , Hickie Ian
Published: October 2022

Objective This study set out to present data on out-of-pocket payments for Medicare mental health services provided by general practitioners (GP), psychiatrists, clinical psychologists and other psychologists, to explore how much is spent on out-of-pocket payments for mental health; if any trends could be seen; and what variations exist across regions. Methods We performed secondary analysis of publicly available data on Medicare-subsidised GP, allied health and specialist health care across Australia. We merged and interrogated data covering the period 2013–19 and 2019–21 to create a data set covering eight full years of Medicare mental health services, arranged by profession and by region. Results Out-of-pocket payments for mental health care in Australia have been rising consistently over the period 2013–21, at a considerably faster rate than overall expenditure on mental health care. There is wide variation in out-of-pocket payments depending on where you live. Conclusions The impact of out-of-pocket payments on community access to mental health care is growing. This has implications, especially in poorer communities, for access to care. This should be an important consideration taken as the Australian Government considers next steps in national mental health reform, including the Better Access Program, currently under evaluation.