bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laporan Kasus: Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis pada Anjing Pomeranian disertai dengan Pansitopenia
Authors: Putra Putu Dian Purnama , Soma I Gede , Batan I Wayan
Published: December 2024

Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis merupakan penyakit parasit darah penting pada anjing disebabkan oleh Ehrlichia sp. melalui vektor caplak Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Ehrlichia sp. merupakan bakteri Gram negatif, obligat intraseluler, dan pleomorfik. Anjing pomeranian betina berumur tujuh tahun diperiksa di klinik Yuno Vet, Ubud, Gianyar dengan keluhan nafsu makan menurun hingga anoreksia, penurunan bobot badan, kulit kehitaman, berminyak, berbintik merah dan mengalami kebotakan, serta adanya caplak. Pemeriksaan fisik ditemukan adanya petekie pada kulit hingga ekimosis, alopesia di bagian leher, perut dan punggung, adanya infeksi caplak Rhipicephalus sanguineus hampir di setiap bagian tubuh, serta mukosa mulut dan mata pucat. Pemeriksaan hematologi lengkap dan apusan darah anjing kasus menunjukan adanya pansitopenia (anemia normositik normokromik, leukositopenia, trombositopenia) dan adanya intracytoplasmic body pada monosit. Pemeriksaan test kit menunjukan hasil positif Ehrlichia sp. sehingga anjing kasus didiagnosis canine monocytic ehrlichiosis dengan terapi kausatif diberikan doxycycline 5 mg/kg BB dua kali sehari secara peroral selama 21 hari, terapi simtomatif diberikan meloxicam 0,2 mg/kg BB sehari sekali secara peroral selama tujuh hari dan terapi suportif diberikan Vitamin B 12 100 mcg/hari secara peroral selama 21 hari dan Vitamin B kompleks secara peroral selama tujuh hari setelah evaluasi pengobatan di hari ke-14. Setelah pengobatan selama 14 hari, anjing kasus menunjukan perkembangan yang cukup baik yakni nafsu makan dan minum baik, serta anjing sudah kembali aktif dan lincah. Trombositopenia masih ditemukan pada hari ke-14, maka pengobatan tetap dilanjutkan hingga hari ke-21.
Kajian Pustaka: Kejadian Penyakit Anjing Gila yang Meletup Berkali-kali di Nusa Tenggara Timur
Authors: Dosom Kresensia Cyntia , Suprihatin Meiliani Herna , Dominika Kevin , Pranadinata I Gede Galyes , Batan I Wayan
Published: December 2024

Penyakit anjing gila atau rabies merupakan suatu penyakit infeksius akut yang bersifat zoonosis dan berakibat fatal bagi penderitanya. Penyakit anjing gila disebabkan oleh virus yang dapat dikeluarkan bersama dengan air liur hewan yang terinfeksi dan ditularkan melaui gigitan atau jilatan hewan penular rabies (HPR). Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur merupakan salah satu provinsi dengan kejadian rabies yang terus meningkat dari hari ke hari. Hal ini dapat disebabkan oleh kelalaian masyarakat dan kurangnya pengetahuan mengenai virus rabies. Budaya pemeliharaan anjing di Kabupaten Manggarai, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat di NTT kurang memahami akan pentingnya pencegahan dan vaksinasi rabies. Pencegahan penyakit anjing gila (rabies) adalah dengan mengendalikan populasi HPR dan melakukan vaksinasi hewan penular rabies dengan vaksin inaktif, dan menekan populasi HPR atau animal reservoir penyakit anjing gila di daerah wabah. Tujuan dilakukan vaksinasi rabies adalah untuk memberi kekebalan kepada hewan terhadap penyakit rabies. Dalam pencegahan penyakit rabies diperlukan kerja sama antara Dinas Peternakan, Dinas Kesehatan, serta pemerintah daerah setempat agar dapat mencapai hasil yang optimal dalam penanggulangan kejadian rabies. Selain itu perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih banyak lagi terkait berbagai penyebab yang menyebabkan maraknya penyakit anjing gila di NTT, mengingat sedikitnya literatur yang membahas hal tersebut. Mencari langkah pencegahan yang paling tepat untuk menanggulangi penyakit anjing gila di NTT merupakan suatu hal yang harus segera dilakukan.
Kajian Pustaka: Dampak Keracunan Sianida terhadap Kesehatan Sapi dan Langkah-langkah Pencegahannya
Authors: Pitriyawati Ni Kadek Deasy , Wahyudi Wahyudi , Partama Aminuddin Syfram , Ginting Brainna Kirayna , Wahyudi I Made Nanda , Batan I Wayan
Published: December 2024

Sianida merupakan senyawa kimia yang mengandung atom karbon dan nitrogen atau secara spesifik pada strukturnya mengandung kelompok gugus siano (–C?N). Secara alami, komponen ini berada pada tumbuhan dan makanan yang diproses. Keberadaannya pada tanaman bisa sebagai hasil produksi secara endogen atau akumulasi akibat terpaparnya tanaman oleh air atau elemen lain pada lingkungan yang tercemar sianida. Sianida dapat menjadi racun yang reaksinya paling cepat pada ternak dan umumnya keracunan terjadi setelah ternak mengonsumsi tanaman sianogenik. Sapi merupakan salah satu hewan ruminansia yang paling sering mengalami keracunan karena sifat ingin tahu dan perilaku makannya. Glikosida sianogenik yang terkandung dalam tanaman akan menjadi beracun apabila mendapatkan perlakuan seperti pembekuan, pemotongan, dan pengunyahan. Di dalam tubuh sapi, glikosida sianogenik diubah menjadi hidrogen sianida melalui proses hidrolisis. Sasaran utama dari toksisitas sianida adalah sistem kardiovaskuler dan sistem saraf pusat, sehingga gejala seperti kejang, mulut berbusa, dan pupil mata melebar umum ditemukan sebelum akhirnya mati. Sampai saat ini, belum ada gold standard untuk mendiagnosis kejadian toksikasi sianida. Namun, uji kualitatif dan kuantitatif kandungan sianida dari sampel jaringan ataupun sampel isi lambung hewan dapat membantu diagnosis. Temuan nekropsi yang khas pada kasus toksisitas sianida adalah perubahan warna darah menjadi merah terang. Kematian dapat dicegah dengan penanganan cepat berupa pemberian antidot, seperti hidroksokobalamin dan natrium tiosulfat. Kombinasi natrium tiosulfat dan natrium nitrit juga dapat digunakan guna memisahkan sianida kompleks menjadi tiosianat yang diekskresikan melalui urin. Tindakan pencegahan lain adalah dengan memantau tanaman yang tersedia pada tempat sapi merumput.
Laporan Kasus: Pengobatan Herbal untuk Bronkopneumonia Kronis pada Kucing
Authors: Widagdo Hagai Deosiddhanta , Batan I Wayan , Jayanti Putu Devi
Published: December 2024

Bronkopneumonia merupakan peradangan yang terjadi pada bronkus dan alveoli paru-paru. Bronkopneumonia dianggap sebagai penyakit utama dan dapat terjadi sebagai akibat dari kerusakan pada paru-paru. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk melaporkan kejadian bronkopneumonia kronis pada kucing serta penanganannya. Hewan kasus merupakan seekor kucing betina peliharaan bernama Cantik, berumur lima tahun, dengan bobot badan 2,7kg. Kucing kasus diperiksa di Laboratorium Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Veteriner, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Udayana dengan keluhan kesulitan bernapas, napas lambat dan dalam, dan kejadian ini telah berlangsung selama enam bulan belakangan ini. Kucing terlihat kerap batuk dengan frekuensi yang cukup sering. Hasil pemeriksaan fisik menunjukkan adanya suara wheezes atau mengi pada saat auskultasi. Pemeriksaan penunjang meliputi pemeriksaan hematologi rutin dengan hasil kucing mengalami trombositopenia, sitologi dengan sampel yang diambil melalui usap hidung dengan hasil ditemukan adanya sel radang, dan pemeriksaan radiografi yang difokuskan pada regio thoraks dengan hasil berupa perubahan opasitas menjadi radiopaque pada organ paru-paru. Dari hasil anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik dan pemeriksaan penunjang kucing kasus didiagnosis menderita bronkopneumonia kronik. Pengobatan dilakukan dengan memberikan nebulasi, antiradang Methylprednisolone dan antibiotik Doxycycline selama tujuh hari. Setelah tujuh hari pengobatan diganti menggunakan obat herbal dengan alasan obat herbal yang dipercaya memiliki efek samping yang lebih minimal pada hewan yang lebih tua. Pengobatan diganti dengan jamu yang mengandung kencur, daun akar kucing, lengkuas, jahe, dan bawang putih, minyak hati ikan kod yang kaya akan omega 3, curcuma plus, dan nebulasi tetap dilanjutkan. Tiga minggu pasca pengobatan kucing menunjukkan perbaikan secara klinis, yang dilihat dari berkurangnya frekuensi batuk dan cara bernafas yang normal. Hasil darah menunjukkan kembali normalnya kadar trombosit dalam darah.
Laporan Kasus: Skabiosis Disebabkan Notoedres cati pada Kucing serta Gambaran Histopatologi pada Kulitnya
Authors: Lestari Silvia Dwi , Batan I Wayan , Arjentinia I Putu Gede Yudhi
Published: December 2024

Notoedres catimerupakan tungaupenyebab skabiosisyang sangat menular pada berbagai jenis ras kucing.TungauN.catibersifat zoonosis dengan gejala klinis pada manusia dan kucing berupa gatal-gatal, rambut rontok(alopesia), dan terbentuknya keropeng. Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk memberikan informasi mengenai dampak infeksi skabiosis pada kucing, berdasarkan gambaran histopatologi kulit dan terapi yang diberikan pada kucing kasus skabiosis.Seekor kucing peliharaanbernama Panther,berumur empattahun,mengalami masalah kulit berupa hiperkeratosis, scale(sisik), alopesia, eritema, sertaerosi pada kepala, kedua telinga, leher,dan punggung. Dari hasil pemeriksaan kerokan kulit,ditemukanadanya tungau N.cati.Pemeriksaan histopatologi dari sampel biopsi kulit menunjukkan adanya hiperkeratosis, erosi epidermal, beberapa terowongan disertai radang denganN. catiyang memiliki eksoskeleton berkitin, dan terlihat banyak agregat sel inflamasi pada stratum korneum.Hasil pemeriksaan hematologi rutin mengindikasikan bahwa kucing tersebutmengalami anemia mikrositik normokromikyang ditandai dengan penurunan jumlah sel darah merah dan kadar hemoglobin.Berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan, kucing kasus didiagnosis mengalami skabiosisdengan prognosis fausta. Terapi yang diberikan meliputi ivermectindengan dosis 0,3 mg/kg BB, diphenhydramine HCldengan dosis 1 mg/kg BB, minyak ikan (fish oil), serta dimandikanmenggunakan sabun yang mengandung sulfur satu kali seminggu setelah pemberian ivermectin.Untuk pengobatan luka biopsi kulit, diberikan neomycin sulfatedan bacitracin zinc.Evaluasi pada hari ke-14 menunjukkan berkurangnya hiperkeratosis dan scalepada daerah telinga, kepala, leher, dan punggung dorsal, luka biositelah sembuh, dan rambut mulai tumbuh kembali pada kucing kasus. Injeksiivermectindiulang pada hari ke-14. Pada hari ke-21, kucing kasus tidak lagi menunjukkan gejala gatal dan rambut semakin tumbuh dengan baik
Kajian Pustaka: Infeksi Cacar Monyet pada Manusia
Authors: Rate I Made Bagi , Kumara I Dewa Made Upadana , Gupita Ardhita Nurma , Billa Ayu Talia Shalsa , Prayoko Rahma Anissa , Misa Makrina Weni , Batan I Wayan
Published: December 2024

Cacar monyet atau monkeypoxmerupakan penyakit zoonosis yang pertama kali diisolasi dari monyet ekor panjangdengan lesi mirip cacar.Cacar monyetdinyatakan sebagai "darurat kesehatan masyarakat yang menjadi perhatian internasional" oleh Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia(WHO).Beberapa mamalia, seperti tikus, diidentifikasi sebagai reservoir alami viruscacar monyet, sementara primata non-manusia juga dapat terinfeksi dengan manifestasilesi yang mirip seperti manusia yaitu dengan munculnya lesi kulitmakula, papula, vesikel, dan pustulayangberkembang menjadi kerak dan akhirnya mengelupas dengangejala sistemik dan prodromal seperti demam, kelelahan, penurunan nafsu makan,limfadenopati, mialgia, dannyerisakit kepala. Periode inkubasi viruscacar monyetberkisar antara 6-13 hari. Kasus pertamacacar monyetdi Asia Tenggara dilaporkan terjadi di Singapura pada Mei 2019. Penyakit cacar monyet atau monkeypoxbelum pernah ditemukan di Indonesia sejak pertama kali ditemukan pada manusia.Cacar monyet juga dapat ditularkan secara seksual dari laki-laki ke laki-lakisebagaimana terbukti dengan munculnya lesi di sekitar area anal atau genital.Vaksin smallpox memilikiperan dalam pencegahan infeksi monkeypoxakibat reaksi silang imunologis antarvirus dalam satu genus yang sama, dengan perkiraan tingkat keberhasilan 85%. Vaksin yang dipertimbangkan untuk digunakan merupakan vaksin berbasis virus vaccinia. NegaraIndia, melalui Serum Institute of India(SII), aktif mengembangkan vaksin cacar monyet dengan bermitra bersama organisasi internasional, seperti Novavax untuk menciptakan vaksin berbasis mRNA. Upaya ini memperlihatkan kemampuan negara India dalam produksi vaksinyang diperkuat oleh pengalaman dalam menangani penyakit menular seperti COVID-19. Upaya ini adalah bagian dari strategi yang lebih luas yang mencakup peningkatan kemampuan diagnostik dan eksplorasi pengobatan antivirus untuk cacar monyet atau monkeypox.
Analisis Etnosains dalam Tradisi Ngawuwuh di Kabupaten Garut untuk Pembelajaran IPA
Authors: Warliani Resti , Sriyati Siti , Liliawati Winny
Published: December 2024

This study aims to examine the Community Knowledge of the Ngawuwuh Tradition through an Ethnoscience Approach. Ethnoscience is an approach that involves the reconstruction of indigenous knowledge into scientific knowledge. The research method employed is descriptive qualitative research. Data collection was conducted through observation, interviews, and literature review. The results of the study indicate that the Ngawuwuh Tradition has various benefits and values of goodness. The indigenous knowledge of the community regarding the Ngawuwuh tradition is obtained from experiences passed down through generations. Based on the scientific analysis, the integration of the Ngawuwuh Tradition as a form of local wisdom is found to have relevance to the science curriculum at the junior high school level, thereby making it a meaningful learning resource for students.
Keyword: Ethnoscience; Science Education; Spice Beverage
The Analisis Keterampilan Komunikasi Ilmiah Siswa SMA melalui Pembelajaran Project Based Learning pada Materi Energi Alternatif
Authors: Afkarina Dina , Aminuddin Helmi , Lesmono Albertus Djoko , Nuraini Lailatul
Published: December 2024

Scientific communication skills are included in the 21st century skills, where this skill refers to an individual's ability to communicate clearly in orally and writing. To determine student’s scientific communication skills, we needed applied learning activities who support this skill and one of them is Project Based Learning learning model. Project based learning is a learning strategy that empowers students to gain new knowledge and understanding. The aim of this research is to analyze scientific communication skills for senior high school students' on alternative energy material. This research is a quantitative descriptive research with a case method design. This research was placed at SMAN 1 Jember in the odd semester of the 2023/2024 academic year. The data collection method used is through tests, observation and documentation. Research data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.The result of this research is known that students' scientific communication skills are included in the quite good category. The best indicator of scientific communication skills is the use of scientific language terms with an achievement of 80%, while the indicators of composing scientific topics, conveying natural phenomena specifically and representing findings or evidence have an achievement of 60%. When observations were made, students had carried out their roles well. Teachers guide and motivate students and students are active and enthusiastic when learning takes place.
Pengaruh Pengaruh Jenis Bahan Atap Terhadap Intensitas Medan Elektromagnetik ELF Oleh SUTET 500 KV
Authors: Wati Lisa Listyo , Prihandono Trapsilo , Sudarti
Published: December 2024

Based on initial observations, Kersikan Village is passed by the 500 kV SUTET transmission line which is very close to residents' homes. The purpose of this study is to analyze whether the type of roofing material and the distance of the study have an effect in reducing the intensity of the ELF electromagnetic field by the 500 kV SUTET. The type of research used is quantitative research using survey techniques. In this study, there are 2 dependent variables, namely ELF magnetic field intensity and ELF electric field intensity. Artificial houses are used to test the effect of roof type on ELF electromagnetic intensity. The research data was measured from morning to night and the measurement distance was getting farther from SUTET. Based on the results obtained, the intensity of the electric field and ELF magnetic field without a roof barrier around the SUTET decreased when compared to measurements under the roof and the biggest decrease occurred when under the galvalume roof. Measurements at a distance of 0 meters obtained greater intensity results than when measuring distances of 50 and 100 meters. The measurements in the morning produced a smaller magnetic field intensity and electric field than the measurements at night. So it can be concluded that there is an effect of roof type, distance and measurement time on the intensity of ELF electromagnetic fields around SUTET.
Identifikasi Cekungan Sumatera Tengah Berdasarkan Data Anomali Geomagnetik Reduce to The Pole dan Metode Half-Slope
Authors: Dewi Soraya Tiana , Safira Ayu , Valentino Manurung Andro , Rasimeng Syamsurijal , Rustadi
Published: December 2024

The Central Sumatra Basin is a back arc basin which is one of the largest oil-producing basins in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the magnetic anomaly in the Central Sumatra Basin using the Reduce to Pole and Half-Slope methods. The methods in this study include filtering magnetic data from Sumatran geological data, making a map of the total magnetic field anomaly, and carrying out a reduction transformation to the poles in the form of a monopole, followed by 3 slices of RTP data slices, then calculating Half-Slope using RTP data slices. using Matlab software. The total magnetic field value before Reduce to Pole (RTP) was in the range of -90 to 60 nT. The value after Reduce to Pole (RTP) is in the range of -140 to 190 nT. In the results of slice 1, the average depth value is 59.2 km. Slice 2 results obtained an average depth value of 35.2 km. The average depth value on slice 3 is 42.8 km. Determine the basin boundary and slice the data in the basin boundary area for analysis using the half-slope method. Obtained an average value of depth at the boundary of the Central Sumatra basin of 19.6 km.
Determination of chemical composition of some blackthorn genotypes (Prunus spinosa L.)
Authors: Bükücü Şakir Burak , Süslüoğlu Zahide , Özcan Akide , Yaşa Kafkas Nefise Ebru , Sütyemez Mehmet
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the chemical and functional properties of fruits from five selected Prunus spinosa L. genotypes grown in Seydişehir district of Konya province, and determine the differences among the genotypes.
Material and Methods: In the research, fruit properties such as fruit weight, pericarp color, flesh color were determined, while total soluble solids (TSS), pH, titratable acid (TA), total phenol content, antioxidant level and volatile organic compounds were analyzed. PCA analysis was employed to distinguish variations among the genotypes.
Results: Five different blackthorn genotypes were examined for fruit properties, revealing variations. Fruit weight ranged from 1.31 g to 2.67 g. TSS content was determined to be between 11.9% and 13.2%. pH values varied from 3.35 to 4.22, while TA ranged from 0.83% to 1.30%. Total phenol content ranged from 356.92 mg GAE/100 g to 387.56 mg GAE/100 g. Total antioxidant levels were determined to be between 65.13% and 77.06%. Thirty different compounds were detected in the analysis of volatile organic compounds, including seven different acids.
Conclusion: Significant diversity among the blackthorn genotypes has been identified. Statistical analyses have shown that B01T genotype has the highest total phenol content, while B05T genotype has the highest antioxidant level. The presence of various volatile organic compounds in blackthorn indicates the diversity of its chemical profile. The findings support the notion that blackthorn has a beneficial potential for health and is a valuable candidate for the development of health-focused food products.
Determination of the effect of magnesium applications on yield, fiber quality and chlorophyll content in cotton
Authors: Karademir Emine , Sebat Emine
Published: December 2024

Objective: The objective of this investigation was to determine the effects of different applications of magnesium (Mg) on yield, yield attributes, fiber quality traits, chlorophyll content, and normalized difference vegetative index in cotton.
Material and Methods: In this study 7 different Mg applications were applied, and MAY 455 cotton cultivar and Magnesium Sulphate were used.
Results: It was determined that seed cotton yield, number of nodes of first fruiting branches, number of vegetative branches, number of bolls, height/node ratio, boll weight, fiber strength, uniformity, elongation, and spinning consistency index were affected by magnesium applications. The highest value in terms of the number of bolls, number of vegetative branches and height/node ratio was observed with 200 cc/da Mg application at the squaring stage, while the highest seed cotton yield was recorded with 200 cc/da Mg at flowering stage and Mg application lead to increase 60 kg/da in seed cotton yield. The highest spinning consistency index and uniformity was obtained with 600 cc/da Mg application at the squaring stage, other quality traits were affected by different doses or application stages.
Conclusion: Applying green parts during the squaring or flowering period may be advantageous since magnesium has a positive impact on the yield and certain fiber quality of cotton.
Determination of germination and seedling characteristics of common grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.) genotypes under salt stress
Authors: Kaya Serhan , Açıkbaş Semih
Published: December 2024

Objective: In this study, the aim was to determine the germination and seedling development responses of common grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.) genotypes under salt stress and to identify genotypes sensitive or tolerant to salinity.
Materials and Methods: The research was conducted at the Field Crops Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Siirt University, under controlled conditions at 25±1°C. The plant material of the study consists of 2 cultivars and 8 genotypes. The study investigated the doses of NaCl at 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM. The laboratory experiment was conducted by a completely randomized factorial design with four replications.
Results: The increase in salt levels significantly (p<0.01) affected the germination and seedling characteristics of grasspea genotypes. It was determined that common grasspea genotypes were significantly affected by increasing salt concentrations with regard to germination parameters starting from the 50 mM salt dose. Regarding seedling parameters, grasspea genotypes were affected by salt concentrations beyond 50 mM in relation to seedling length and seedling dry weight, while other seedling parameters were negatively impacted even at the lowest salt dose.
Conclusion: When all examined parameters were considered together, the Sel 668 genotype stood out for its tolerance to salinity and its performance in germination and seedling development.
Exploring the Drivers of Bank Risk in State-Owned Commercial Banks
Authors: Bhowmik Probir Kumar , Sarker Niluthpaul , Sharif Md. Jamil
Published: December 2024

This paper investigates the factors that form bank risks in Bangladeshi state-owned banks. As a representation of bank risk, non-performing loans have been considered the dependent variable for this study. The relevant data have been extracted from six state-owned banks in Bangladesh from 2013 to 2022. The final dataset consists of 60 firm-year observations. The ordinary least square (OLS) regression with robust standard errors model is utilized to find the relationship of bank risks with determinants like asset size, efficiency, liquidity, profitability, leverage ratio, capital adequacy ratio, and loan to asset ratio. The findings say that bank size and loan-to-asset ratio have a highly significant positive relationship with bank risk, whereas profitability, capital adequacy ratio, and bank efficiency have a significant negative association with bank risk. On the other hand, leverage and liquidity are negatively and positively correlated with no statistical significance. To check the study's robustness, another proxy of bank risk, loan loss provision has been used and the results are almost similar. State-owned banks operate in every economy with a different mindset than the general commercial banks. Hence, policymakers should take necessary initiatives based on this study to bring down the high bank risks in state-owned banks in Bangladesh.
Phenotypic Characterization and Antibiotic Resistance of Strains of Staphyloccocus aureus Isolated from Food Sold in the Streets of N'Djamena, Chad
Authors: Atéba Djibrine Mayoré , Kuan A. T. , Alain Bodering , Tidjani Abdelsalam , Barro Nicolas
Published: December 2024

The preparation and sale of street food constitutes a socio-cultural and economic fact in all countries of the world. However, the hygienic failures observed during this activity constitute a source of contamination of these foods. The emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) noted at the beginning of the 1960s is now experiencing rapid spread across the world. The objective of this study was to determine the phenotypic resistance characteristics of strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from three types of food sold on public roads in the city of N'Djamena in Chad. A total of 115 food samples were collected in the city of N’Djamena between April 2015 and May 2017. The research and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus were carried out following ISO standardized methods. The overall prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus was 62.49%. The evaluation of the antibiogram showed that all Staphylococcus aureus isolates were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, Rifampicin, Ofloxacin, Teicoplanin and Fosfomycin. The isolates showed the highest resistance to Penicillin G (100%), Oxacillin (100%) and Erythromycin (60%). This resistance is the consequence of inadequate prescriptions and especially self-medication. The use of antibiotics on Chadian territory must be subject to strict control.
Studies on the Microbial Spoilage in Fruit Juice and Enhancing the Shelf Life using Bio-preservatives
Authors: Elamparithi P. , Hemapriya A. , Hemasruthi G. , Pooja G. , Priyadharshini V. , Sundarasan K. , Sakthi Pooja S. , Poovizhi V. , Prabhavadhani K. , Ilakkiya M.
Published: December 2024

A fruit juice contains essential nutrient, mineral, antioxidant and vitamins for overall health. However, food borne illness related to fruit and fruit product is increasing. So, the main objective of this study was to assess the bacteriological quality of fresh fruit juices available for the consumers in Thuraiyur town. The study was conducted from May 2024 to September 2024. A total of 20 samples was purchased from cafeteria, restaurants and supermarkets which consisted of 20 fresh juice samples 5 each of Apple, Pomegranate, Mango, and pineapple whereas from the total samples. Also, detection of pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted. All fresh fruit juice samples were found to harbor TVC, TCC, and TSC within the range between 2.95 ± 0.52-5.91 ± 0.52, 0.30 ± 0.10-4.65 ± 0.44 and 1.00 ± 0.15-2.86 ± 0.33 log10 cfu/ml, respectively. In this study the prevalence of E. coli, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus was detected for all fresh fruit juices samples of this Pomegranate was more dominated. Antibiotic susceptibility test for E. coli, Salmonella isolates and Staphylococcus aureus revealed completely resistant (100%) to a Biopreservatives (Ginger, Honey and Lactic acid bacteria (LAB). In general the study, especially exhibits the level of bacterial load found in fresh juice samples was unsatisfactory compared to gulf standards. This cause health problems and possible vehicle of foodborne outbreaks to the community. Therefore, good quality of water used; hygienic conditions related to washing of utensils, good personal and domestic hygiene during fresh fruit juice preparation can improve the bacterial quality and safety of the finished product.
Genetic Variability for Physical Parameters among Identified Distinct Genotypes of Tamarind
Authors: G. Laharia Pranjali , A. Raut Ujwal , Rajiv Hrishika , Bharad S. G. , Deshmukh Rutuja
Published: December 2024

An investigation entitled “Genetic variability for physical parameters among identified distinct genotypes of tamarind” was conducted at the Department of Fruit Science, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola during the years 2023-2024 with objectives to evaluate the different tamarind genotypes based on physical parameters. Fourteen genotypes were used in the study. Ripe fruits were harvested from specific tamarind trees, and among studied genotypes AKCHT-11 was found to be the superior genotype in pod length (cm), width (cm), and thickness (cm), as well as the highest pod weight (g), pulp weight (g), shell weight (g), rag weight (g), seed weight (g) and pulp recovery (%). The maximum number of pods/ kg and highest pulp to seed ratio are observed in the genotype AKCHT-6. The highest pulp to shell ratio is observed in the variety Pratishthan. The higher number of seeds per pod and yield per plant (kg) recorded in AKCHT-12 genotype.
Influence of Biochar Prepared from Different Crop Residues on Soil Properties and Yield of Maize
Authors: Dipak Wandhare Sakshi , Laharia G. S. , Bhoyar S. M. , Jadhao S. D. , Gawande M. N.
Published: December 2024

The field and laboratory study entitled, “Influence of biochar prepared from different crop residues on soil properties and yield of maize” was conducted on the Research Farm, Agriculture Technical School, Buldhana, Dr. PDKV, Akola during Kharif,2023-24. The experiment was laid out in a Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with seven treatments and three replications. The treatments comprised of Factor A including biochar levels (2.5 and 5.0 tha-1) and Factor B including biochar sources i.e sorghum stubble, pigeon pea stalk and cotton stalk with control (without biochar). Based on the result obtained biochar prepared from pigeon pea stalk was recorded highest total NPK content (0.61%, 0.25%, 1.32% respectively), whereas highest total carbon content (36.38%) was recorded in cotton stalk biochar. whereas highest C:N ratio (64.96) was recorded in cotton stalk biochar. Soil physical properties like lower bulk density (1.38 Mg m-3) and higher hydraulic conductivity (0.65 cm hr-1, water holding capacity (61.58%) as well as available NPK(253.02, 18.32, and 393 kg ha-1 respectively in the soil after harvest of maize were recorded significantly highest with the application of biochar@ 5tha-1 and the treatment with different sources of biochar was found non-significant but lower bulk density(1.39 dSm-1) and highest hydraulic conductivity (0.67 cm hr-1), water holding capacity (60.36 %) as well as available NPK (260.04, 17.80, 390 kgha-1) were g observed in pigeon pea stalk biochar. Incase of organic carbon (6.30 g kg-1), significantly highest values were recorded with the application of biochar @5tha-1 and the treatment with different biochar sources was found non-significant but the highest organic carbon (6.20 g kg-1) was observed in cotton stalk biochar. Application of biochar @5 tha-1prepared from pigeon pea and cotton stalk recorded high grain yield (90.15 q ha-1) and stover yield (129.40 q ha-1).
The Prevalence of Hepatitis C Among Health Care Providers – A Preliminary Study
Authors: Kingsley Chukwuka Amaihunwa , Ijeoma Eyemisan Onyinbe , Gabriel Chukwuka Apah , Felix Oghenemaro Enwa
Published: December 2024

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality worldwide, is a prominent cause of chronic liver disease, and is the most prevalent reason for adult US residents to get a liver transplant. The aim of the study is to carry out a preliminary study on the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) among health care providers. A total of 100 blood sample were collected intravenously using sterile disposable needles and syringes into clean dry test tubes, allowed to clot, then centrifuged and the serum separated into dry plain containers. The serum was screened for hepatic C – antibody using the immunodiagnostic HCV spot card. The results revealed that health care providers within the age of 18 – 27 years were reported to have contacted the hepatitis C virus with having HCV of 6, this was followed by those within the age range of 28 – 37. The least value was recorded for health care providers within the age range of 48 – 57 years. The results show that the prevalence of HCV among health care providers within the age range of 18 – 27 and 28 – 37 years revealed a percentage prevalence of 8.33% and 6.67% respectively. According to the study, there is a significantly high prevalence of HCV infection among teenagers and adult health care providers within the age range of 18 - 27 and 28 - 37 years old, respectively.
Performance and Preference of Broccoli Varieties Grown under District Fatehgarh Sahib
Authors: Preet Kaur Arvind , Kumar Rampal Vipan
Published: December 2024

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica. L.) is known for its better taste, flavour and high nutritive and medicinal value. In the world market, about 40 per cent is marketed as fresh and remaining 60 per cent as frozen. Different cultivars of broccoli may differ in the size of plant, size of clusters and buds and firmness of head. The market demand is more for a firm head with small dark green buds. Therefore, the present investigation was conducted at Krishi Vigyan Kendra Fatehgarh Sahib as well as at the farmers’ fields in district Fatehgarh Sahib during Rabi seasons of 2019-20, 2020-21 and 2021-22. An on-farm trial was conducted on three different broccoli genotypes i.e. Palam Samridhi, F1 Tahoe and F1 Fiesta for their performance and also their preference in the markets (mandis). The broccoli hybrid Tahoe yielded the highest (225.6 q/ ha) followed by Fiesta (220.8 q/ha). An average weight of terminal head of Tahoe was the highest i.e. 520.4 g, whereas, Palam Samridhi produced the earliest head under conditions of district Fatehgarh Sahib. As far as broccoli market preference is concerned, immature fully differentiated flower buds heads of Tahoe and Fiesta are preferred in the local market (mandis) of district and adjoining areas like Chandigarh, Ropar, Ludhiana etc. and fetch better prices. Whereas, Palam Samridhi variety developed loose head that deteriorates its quality and market acceptance drastically reduced.
Analysis of Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance of Yield and Associated Traits in F3 and F4 Generations of Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.)
Authors: Nirajan Band Sakshi , Sambhaji Jagtap Venkat , Diwakar Bele Pallavi , Devanand Satpute Vaibhav , Nagorao Gavhale Kirti , Sudhakar Malve Manjushree , Avinash Talhar Apurva , Barat Sarvade Paraji
Published: December 2024

The present investigation analyzed the genetic variability, heritability, and genetic advance across five genotypes of bottle gourd, as delineated in Tables 1 and 2. The results indicated highly significant differences among the genotypes for all traits examined, suggesting substantial variance conducive to effective selection within the studied material. Estimates of genetic coefficient of variability (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variability (PCV) were notably high for several traits, including vine length, number of branches per vine, number of nodes per plant, number of female flowers per vine, number of fruits per vine, fruit yield per vine, fruit yield per plot, and fruit yield per hectare. Most traits exhibited elevated heritability estimates however, significant genetic advance as a percentage of the mean was particularly observed for vine length, number of nodes per plant, Fruit yield per hectare (q).Conversely, traits such as the number of branches per vine, node of first female flower emergence, days to first female flower appearance, number of female flowers per vine, number of fruits per vine, and fruit yield per vine, Fruit yield per plot (kg)demonstrated lower genetic advance. The observed variability across all traits underscores the potential for simple selection methods to enhance these characteristics in future breeding programs.
Effect of Foliar Application of PDKV Grade II Micronutrients on Growth and Yield of Watermelon
Authors: S. Sharnagat Nikita , Sonkamble A. M. , Wagh A. P. , Bawkar S. O. , Hadole S. S.
Published: December 2024

This experiment evaluated the impact of foliar application of PDKV grade II micronutrients on growth and yield of watermelon. The experiment was conducted in Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with three time of foliar applications(30, 40, and 50 DAT) and four levels of micronutrients (control, 2.5 ml/L, 5.0 ml/L and 10.0 ml/L) having twelve treatment combinations replicated thrice. Results found that the growth parameters viz., maximum length of vine (236.47 cm), number of leaves per vine (238.33) and chlorophyll index (62.14), lowest node at which first male (2.53) and female (7.47) flower appeared, minimum days to first male (26.47 days) and female (36.13 days) flower appearance and narrow male to female flower ratio (9.11) were recorded significantly in foliar application of 5 ml/L micronutrients at 30 DAT (D1M2) and yield parameters viz., maximum number of fruits per vine (2.90), average fruit weight (3.39 kg), fruit yield per vine (9.84 kg) and yield per hectare (492.07 q/ha)whereas minimum days required for edible maturity (71.91 days) were recorded in treatment combination of foliar application of 5 ml/L micronutrients at 30 DAT (D1M2). The lowest values for growth and yield parameters were recorded in control (D1M0).
In vitro Screening of PPFM Isolates for Water Stress Tolerance in Paddy
Authors: Riyas N. K. , Meenakumari K. S. , K. Syriac Elizabeth , Beena R. , Shalini Pillai P.
Published: December 2024

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important field crop after wheat in the world providing staple food to the millions. Drought is the most important environmental stress on rice and many efforts have been made to improve crop yield under drought. The present study reveals the response of rice for the drought stress at germination to seedling stages. Mannitol was selected for inducing osmotic stress. For in vitro screening of PPFM isolates for water stress tolerance, 20 isolates of PPFM from paddy were selected from the previous study of M.Sc. (Ag.) thesis work conducted in the Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Vellayani during 2015-2017 on the basis of carotenoid pigment production, IAA production, proline content, seedling vigour index and yield. These isolates were screened by paper towel method for water stress tolerance under in vitro conditions using mannitol for inducing osmotic stress. There were 21 isolates (20 KAU isolates of PPFM and one TNAU isolate) and four water stress levels (1%, 2%, 3% mannitol and control).Osmotic stress was higher in 3 per cent mannitol treatment. Seeds treated with PPFM 26 recorded the highest germination percentage, shoot length and seedling vigour index. The highest root length and shoot dry weight were observed with the isolate PPFM 15 whereas the highest root dry weight was recorded with PPFM 9. Scoring was done to assess the best five isolates and those with higher ranks were selected as better water stress tolerance capacity. Consequently, PPFM 26, PPFM 15, PPFM 38, PPFM 37 and PPFM 35 which secured ranks from 1to 5 were selected as better water stress tolerance.
Natural Farming: A Strategic Tool for Climate Change Adaptation
Authors: Lakhani Hardik , Chinchure Shivakumar , Geete Mandar
Published: December 2024

This paper examines the potential of natural farming as a tactical instrument for mitigating and adapting to climate change. Natural farming practices provide a sustainable alternative to conventional chemical farming methods by focusing on ecological balance, soil health, biodiversity, and water conservation. Natural farming enhances carbon sequestration and greatly lowers greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by decreasing the use of synthetic fertilizers and agrochemicals. Techniques like crop rotation, mulching, and the use of chemical-free farm-made inputs lower the carbon footprint of agriculture while simultaneously improving soil fertility and water retention, which strengthens resilience to climate change. This paper summarizes findings from thirty scholarly studies that demonstrate the benefits of natural farming for increasing crop yields, improving soil organic matter, and advancing food security. Socially and culturally, natural farming improves social equity by lowering inequality, revitalizing traditional methods, and empowering smallholder farmers. Produce grown with natural farming practices has higher levels of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants according to nutritional analysis, improving public health. Furthermore, natural farming increases food safety by reducing pesticide residues in food. Research shows that natural farming methods are more resilient to climate shocks like floods and droughts, promoting steady food production in vulnerable areas. Natural farming offers a comprehensive approach to solving interconnected concerns of climate change, food security, and environmental sustainability by encouraging biodiversity, decreasing soil erosion, and promoting ecosystem restoration. This essay argues that natural farming, especially in smallholder agricultural systems, should be a key component of global climate adaptation plans.
Prevalence and Pattern of Antibiotic Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Poultry in Khartoum State, Sudan
Authors: Ahmed Fagir Nada Elsir , Moawia Ibrahim Hanan , El kamali Hatil Hashim , Mohamed Osama
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus contamination and assesses antimicrobial resistance patterns in chicken meat, chicken swabs, and farm workers in Khartoum State, Central Sudan. Four hundred samples were collected from the poultry sector. S. aureus was found in 27.8% of the samples, with 18.9% from chicken meat, 34.7% from chicken swabs, and 23.5% from farm workers. The prevalence did not significantly differ between sources (P>0.05). Among the 111 isolates, 102 (91.9%) were mecA gene positive, classified as MRSA, while nine isolates were mecA negative but still methicillin-resistant. Resistance patterns against seven antibiotics were tested. For mecA positive isolates, resistance rates were 15.7% for Penicillin G, 86.3% for Oxacillin, 88.2% for Cefoxitin, 100% for Methicillin, 9.8% for Vancomycin, 100% for Erythromycin, and 97.1% for Tetracyclines. For mecA negative isolates, resistance rates were 11.1% for Penicillin G, 11.1% for Oxacillin, 33.3% for Cefoxitin, 100% for Methicillin, 11.1% for Vancomycin, 100% for Erythromycin, and 88.9% for Tetracyclines. Sensitivity to Penicillin and Vancomycin was observed in 84.3% and 90.1% of mecA positive isolates, and 88.9% of mecA negative isolates. MICs for Penicillin ranged from 45 to 0.005 µg/ml for mecA-positive isolates and from 11.25 to 0.01 µg/ml for mecA-negative isolates. MICs for Vancomycin ranged from 12.5 to 0.17 µg/ml for mecA-positive isolates and from 6.25 to 0.35 µg/ml for mecA-negative isolates. The reference strain ATCC25923 showed MICs of 2.8 µg/ml for Penicillin and 6.25 µg/ml for Vancomycin. The highest isolation rate of S. aureus was from chicken swabs, followed by chicken meat and farm workers. The highest incidence of MRSA was also from chicken swabs, indicating a potential source of antimicrobial-resistant S. aureus infection. Emphasizing food hygiene is essential to sustain public health.
Study of Antimicrobial Resistance in Blood Isolates in Tropical Environment Burkina Faso
Authors: BELOUM Adjaratou , BA KY Absatou , TONDE Issa , OUEDRAOGO Aude Tundasida Danielle , HARDY Liselotte , BARBE Barbara , LOMPO Palpougni , TCHEKOUNOU Chanolle , ZIDA Adama
Published: December 2024

Sepsis is a serious infection and a major public health problem, with high patient morbidity and mortality. This severity is increased by antimicrobial resistance. The aim of this study was to identify the isolates involved in sepsis and to investigate their antibiotic susceptibilities. This was a prospective descriptive study conducted from January 1, 2023 to December 31, 2023 at the Centre HospitalierUniversitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo. Blood cultures collected were incubated in the BD BACTEX FX40 automated system. Identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed on the BD Phoenix M50. During the twelve (12) months of collection, 1,157 blood cultures were obtained. Positive blood cultures accounted for 17.89% (207/1157). Of the 207 germs isolated and identified, 43.96% (91/207) were Gram-positive cocci, and the most frequently isolated species were Staphylococcus aureus, with a rate of 19.80% (41/207), followed by Escherichia coli, which accounted for 15.45% (32/207). It should be noted that 100% of Staphylococcus aureus strains were resistant to penicillin G and 97% were sensitive to glycopeptides. On the other hand, 82.75% of Escherichia coli strains were resistant to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid and 84.84% were resistant to ceftriaxone. The study reports a positivity rate of 17.89% for blood cultures at CHU-YO. It is therefore important to maintain better sampling quality in order to improve the diagnostic sensitivity of blood cultures, and thus improve patient management.
The Role of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Food Processing, Nutrition and Human Health
Authors: Christianah Oladipo Iyabo , Oyewumi M. M.
Published: December 2024

Lactic acid bacteria have a long history of application in fermented foods because of their beneficial influence on nutritional, organoleptic and shelf-life enhancements. Lactic acid bacteria mainly from Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera and their bacteriocin are industrially used in food preservation. They are known to prevent growth of pathogens, degrade mycotoxins and have probiotic capabilities. Their common occurrence in foods along with long-lived uses contributes to their natural acceptance as GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe). This paper provides a review on the role of lactic acid bacteria in food, agricultural and clinical applications and numerous benefits of lactic acid bacteria in food industry and its key uses for fermentation and preservation.
To Study Bacteriological Profile and Antibiogram of Surgical Site Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Western Rajasthan, India
Authors: Beelwal Anjali , Gupta Ekta , Gupta Eshank , Ashopa Vishakha , Agarwal Richa , Prakash Prabhu
Published: December 2024

Surgical site infections (SSIs) are defined as infections occurring within 30 days after a surgery or within one year if an implant is left in place after the procedure. This was a hospital based Prospective Observational Study carried out at department of Microbiology, Dr S.N medical college, Jodhpur, Rajasthan. The study was done between December 2021 to December 2022. Total 210 wound samples were collected. 210 patients were enrolled in the present study. Age-wise distribution shows more SSI in age group of 21-30 (58.57%) years. Escherichia coli was most predominant isolate in 45.83% cases followed by Staphylococcus aureus39.25%.42.08 % MRSA and 55.55% ESBL were found in the present study. Appropriate preoperative, intra-operative and post operative patient care, proper infection control, sterilization protocols in OT and Post operative ICUs and juidicious use of antibiotic can decrease the risk of Surgical Site Infection and cost of treatment.