bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF MEANS OF CONNECTING THE RESERVE ON THE RELIABILITY INDICATORS OF THE DATA TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Ozirkovskyy L. , Pabyrivskyi V. , Mykytskyi S. , Velychko N. , Pryimak N. , Zhuk Y.
Published: May 2024

Structural redundancy is included in modern data transmission systems to ensure the specified reliability indicators. Structural redundancy gives the system fault tolerance and significantly increases its reliability. To manage the redundant resource, it is necessary to have additional tools that will connect the redundant equipment to the main configuration of the data transmission system. The redundant equipment is a separate technical means and, from the point of view of reliability, it is connected in series with other modules of the data transmission system. Thus, the inclusion of redundant connection facilities in the data transmission system reduces its reliability. In addition, even with perfect reliability, redundant connections may fail or malfunction and, under certain conditions, cause the transmission system to fail. To determine the impact of reserve connection facilities on the reliability of the transmission system, the article applies an original technology for building models of discrete-continuous stochastic systems. ASNA software was used as a software tool for modeling the reliable behavior of the data transmission system. This software provides automated construction of the model in the form of a graph of states and transitions based on a structural automaton model. Based on the graph of states and transitions, an analytical model is automatically generated in the form of a system of linear differential Kolmogorov-Chapman equations. Using the developed model, the article quantitatively analyzes the impact of redundant connection means (switches) on the reliability indicators of the data transmission system. In the study, the proposed models, unlike the existing ones, take into account both reliability indicators (probability of failure) and functionality indicators (probability of switching, speed) of the reserve connection means. On the basis of the developed model, the limit values of reliability and functionality of the redundant connection means (switches) were determined, at which they will minimize the reliability of the fault-tolerant data transmission system. Based on the analysis of the obtained results, practical recommendations for the selection of reliability indicators of the backup connection means, their speed and probability of switching are formed.
METHODOLOGY FOR CALCULATING THE COVERAGE AREAS OF DIGITAL TELEVISION BROADCASTING
Authors:   Institute of Special Communications and Information Protection National technical university of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Golovin Yu. , Nesterenko I. ,   Military Institute of Telecommunications and Informatization named after Heroes Krut, Vasylenko S. ,   Institute of Special Communications and Information Protection National technical university of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”
Published: May 2024

The introduction of DVB-T2 digital television broadcasting in the VHF waveband is currently underway, and test trials have already been conducted in some regions of Ukraine. To assess the effectiveness of the projects, it is of particular interest to compare the radio coverage areas of digital TV transmitters operating in the VHF and UHF wave bands. This requires extensive calculations for specific locations. For comparison, the city of Kyiv was chosen, where there is one multiplex MX-7 (8 TV channels) in the VHF band, and the following four multiplexes are represented in the UHF band: MX 1 (26 TV channels) and MX 3 (49 TV channels), which operate at the lowest and highest frequencies of the band. In this article, to predict the coverage areas of digital television broadcasting transmitters, the justification of the selected Longley-Rice radio wave propagation model is provided, which allows calculating the radio signal attenuation compared to free space propagation using terrain profiles (digital elevation maps) and the electrical characteristics of the Earth's surface, Taking into account the main mechanisms of radio wave propagation (interference on the line of sight, diffraction on irregular terrain, tropospheric scattering), it is more accurate and its results are closer to actual measurements. The calculations will be carried out using Radio Mobile software based on the Longley-Rice Irregular Terrain Model (ITM) and using Terrain Mission SRTM satellite maps with the possibility of further adding map data and roads from various sources. Based on the ITU R Recommendations on the design of DVB-T2 digital television broadcasting networks, the minimum required field strength to ensure reception with a given quality was calculated and the initial data for predicting the coverage areas of DVB-T2 digital television transmitters were prepared using the example of Kyiv. The proposed methodology and the data obtained will allow to calculate the boundaries of the coverage areas of DVB-T2 digital standard television transmitters in the VHF and UHF wave bands for selected television channels
ONE-DIMENSIONAL CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK MODEL FOR PROCESSING AMPLITUDE MODULATION ON MANY COMPONENTS SIGNALS
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Tsymbaliuk I.
Published: May 2024

The processing of radio signals using artificial neural networks (ANNs) has great potential for research, which can be explained by the adaptability of ANNs to various transmission conditions and the ability to detect abstract patterns of changes in signal parameters. The article reviews the works of other authors devoted to different ways of using ANNs for processing radio signals. Taking into account the information in the reviewed works, the research task was formed, which consists in developing an optimized ANN model for radio signal processing. Signals with amplitude modulation of many components (AMMC) were chosen to form training samples for ANN. The choice of modulation type is justified by greater energy efficiency compared to other widely used digital modulation types, such as quadrature amplitude modulation. Mathematic basis of AMMC signal generation is described. The process of finding the coordinates of three component 8-AMMC signal constellation is explained, the formation of signals in the time plane based on the found coordinates is explained as well as their discretization and the addition of white noise. An iterative algorithm for generating initial data for ANN based on the described ratios is proposed. The general structure of one-dimensional convolutional neural network is considered. Functions of individual neurons, connections between them, the formation of layers and the convolution operation are described mathematically. On the basis of the previously given ratios, a final display of the network was formed. Specific dimensions and activation functions for layers are selected. The use of convolutional layers is justified by time invariance. Based on the reviewed mathematical models, selected activation functions and dimensions, a neural model was formed. The process of validating the effectiveness of the formed neural model is described, which is based on comparing the symbolic error probabilities of the proposed and reference models at different signal-to-noise ratios. The validation results are presented. The advantages of the obtained model over the previously proposed purely recurrent model and the AMMC reference receiver are explained.
INVESTIGATION OF DYNAMIC TARGET SIGNALS PROCESSING IN ON-BOARD MOBILE PULSE RADIOLOCATORS
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Klymash M. , Kolodchak I. , Shpur O. , Ratych A.
Published: May 2024

The characteristic features of coherent (quasi-coherent) and incoherent accumulation and detection of signals received from the radio air (reflected from a passive dynamic target) are considered, which are an additive mixture of a useful component and a possible "noise-like" interference with the added "own" noise of the receiving path in airborne mobile pulse radars air base. It is assumed that the random components of the input signal are adequately described by a normal (or close to it) distribution law, and the signal (during the accumulation interval) is harmonic, the period of which is uniquely related to the Doppler frequency shift in the received signal. Necessary and sufficient conditions for coherent (quasi-coherent) and incoherent effective signal accumulation are formulated, analytical and graphical dependencies are given for determining the output ratio "signal /(noise+interference)" at different multiplicities of coherent and incoherent accumulation in both time and spectral domains. A mathematical model based on the system modeling package "System View" was developed and investigated, which demonstrates, by means of adequate simulation and statistical averaging, the peculiarities and quantitative differences of the results of coherent and incoherent accumulations at various, in particular low, but practically significant, input ratios "signal /( noise+interference)", as well as from the multiplicity of accumulation, that is, the number of received signals during the permissible interval of accumulation.
OPTIMIZATION OF GEOMETRY OF PIEZORESISTIVE EFFECT ON THE EXAMPLE OF CUBIC CRYSTALS
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Buryy O. , Olchovyk B. , Hrinchenko O. , Andrushchak A. , Andrushchak M.
Published: May 2024

On the example of semiconductor crystals Ge, Si, PbTe, PbS, InSb with different levels of doping and different types of conductivity, the geometry of the piezoresistive effect was optimized, namely, such directions of voltage measuring and uniaxial pressure applying were determined, which ensure the maximum achievable value of the effect. The optimization is based on an approach using the construction and analysis of extreme surfaces that represent all possible maxima of the objective function (the magnitude of the effect) under different spatial orientations of interacting factors. The optimization parameters were the angles that determine the directions of the unit vectors of the directions of current and uniaxial pressure applying. The directions of the radius vectors of the points on the extreme surface coincide with the ones in which the electric voltage is measured, and the length of this radius vector for each point was determined by setting such optimization parameters for which the magnitude of the effect for a given direction of voltage measuring would be maximal. It is shown that the optimal interaction geometry in most of the studied cases is longitudinal, and only for n-PbTe, p-InSb crystals it is transverse (although not identical), and the optimal directions for the studied crystals are <100>, <110> or <111> depending on the composition of the crystal and the type of doping. Despite the fact that all investigated crystals belong to the same point symmetry group (m3m), the shapes of the extreme surfaces for them are significantly different, which is caused by different ratios between the piezoresistive coefficients. Typical forms of extreme surfaces have been identified, and in order to explain the obtained results, an analysis of limiting cases that differ in the ratio of piezoresistive coefficients has been carried out. Based on this analysis, four main types of extreme surfaces were established. A scheme has been built that allows, in the case of cubic crystals, to estimate the type of extreme surface and the corresponding optimal directions of voltage measuring, current density (for cubic crystals, these directions coincide) and uniaxial pressure applying. On the basis of this scheme, the forms of extreme surfaces obtained for the investigated crystals are explained.
THE SIGNAL MACROMODEL OF OPTOCARBONS ON ORGANIC ELECTRONICS STRUCTURES
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Barylo H. , Holyaka R. , Brych M. , Adamiak O. , Markiv D.
Published: May 2024

The paper is devoted to the basic approaches to the realization of the macromodel of optocouplers on organic structures for sensor devices. It is shown that the use of such structures is largely limited due to the time drift of parameters and temperature instability. In the course of the research, the possibility of compensating for these parameters directly during the operation of organic optocouples by measuring and analyzing the parameter drift was established. For this purpose, specialized built-in in-situ diagnostic systems and controlled signal transducers are used. In order to verify the functioning and optimize the parameters of signal transducers of built-in in- situ diagnostic systems, the paper describes the main approaches and the result of the implementation of the optocouple macromodel. The macromodel provides the ability to specify the components of sensor electronics optocouplers in accordance with the approaches and syntax of SPICE modeling and reflects parametric modulation with changes in ambient temperature, time instability, and flicker noise. The macromodel consists of five modules that describe the processes and specify the characteristics of the optocoupler: the light emitter (LED), self-heating of the optocoupler structure by the supply current, the optical medium or active layer of the optosensor, time drift and flicker noise, and the light receiver (photodiode or photoresistor). The modules are represented by substitution schemes of electrical components in accordance with the principle of functional analogy. The main approaches to specifying the parameters of macromodel components and examples of parametric studies based on it are considered. The use of the developed model makes it possible to obtain the values of compensation parameters for operational adjustment, in accordance with the operating conditions and properties of organic structures.
GOLD PLASMONIC ARRAY STRUCTURES FOR SENSING APPLICATIONS
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Rokhiv V. , Akopian V. , Bulavinets T. , Yaremchuk I.
Published: May 2024

This article is devoted to the theoretical study of the plasmonic properties of periodically arranged arrays of gold nanoparticles. The Comsol Multiphysics software, which is based on the finite element method, was used to build 3D numerical models for the simulation and conduct research. In this work the electric field distribution and optical characteristics of the spherical gold nanoparticles array were studied. Individual localized surface plasmon resonance modes are influenced when metallic nanoparticles are in the close proximity and as a result the electric near- fields can couple, resulting in a new hybrid mode. We mainly focused here on the investigation of two crucial questions, particularly, influences of the gap between the nanoparticles and the refractive index of the surrounding medium on the resulting optical response of the gold nanoparticles arrays. The array of periodically arragement gold nanoparticles is characterized by an enhanced local electric field between the nanoparticles, which is inversely proportional to the gap between the particles. The field strength and optical properties (reflection, transmission, and absorption) can be conveniently manipulated by changing the gap between particles. In additional, their potential applications as sensetive plasmonic sensors element have been considered. The studied structure has a significant potential for practical applications due to its wide range of the operating wavelengths and ease of the high-throughput fabrication. In the course of the study, it was established that the change in the distance between the surface of nanoparticles by 1 nm leads to a significant shift in the spectral transmission and reflection curves on the spectral range. In addition, these studies showed that an increase in the distance between the surfaces of nanoparticles leads to the decrease in the near-field interaction between gold nanoparticles in the array. Therefore, the obtained results can be successfully used in the manufacture of highly sensitive plasmon sensors with the possibility of controlling the sensitivity and the working spectral range.
AUTOMATION OF MICROCLIMATE CONTROL PROCESSES IN RESIDENTIAL PREMISES
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Mykytyuk Z. , Shymchyshyn O. , Zvorskyi A. , Markiv D.
Published: May 2024

This paper is devoted to the research of the important issue of increasing the efficiency and optimization of microclimate management processes in residential premises. The purpose of this study is to create an automated system for accurate setting and control of the main parameters of the microclimate in the room, which will make it possible to increase comfort and energy efficiency. To achieve the task, the Arduino platform is used, which is an open hardware and software system with a wide range of opportunities for developing embedded systems. The study includes an analysis of the principles of creating a programmable timer using the Atmel AVR microcontroller, covering the selection of necessary hardware and modules, software development and user interface. The main functions of the programmable timer provide the ability to set a satisfactory microclimate according to the individual needs of the user and adjust parameters such as temperature, atmospheric pressure and humidity. The research results confirm that the developed programmable timer based on the Arduino platform provides effective control of the microclimate in the living room. Implementation of such a system will reduce heating and air conditioning costs, increase indoor comfort, and reduce overall energy consumption.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE PEROVSKITE SOLAR CELL STRUCTURE
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Kuzyk N. , Kutsiy S.
Published: May 2024

An experimental perovskite solar cell (PSC) with the structure Au/Spiro-MeOTAD/CH3NH3PbI3/PEDOT:PSS/ITO was fabricated. The measurements of main photovoltaic characteristics were provided. The current-voltage dependences (I-V curves) were measured conducted in the voltage range from -1V to 1V. During the measurements, the corresponding values were calculated of the short-circuit current density(Jsc) and open-circuit voltage(Uoc) were obtained as 1.23 mA/cm² and 0.19 V, respectively. Subsequently, an analytical model corresponding to this structure was formulated. For modeling the parameters of the perovskite solar cell, the Comsol Multiphysics environment was used, this environment is based on the finite element method. The relevant computations were provided to obtain the corresponding values of the short-circuit current density and open-circuit voltage as 3.29 mA/cm² and 0.2 V, respectively, with the maximum theoretically calculated power of this structure being 0.11 W. The experimental outcomes were juxtaposed with the predictions of the analytical computations, and the modeling results were empirically validated. An analytically accomplished model of the same structure was built by adding an electron transport layer (ETL). An organic material BCP (Bathocuproine) was used as an supplementary ETL layer. During the optimization of the PSC, the main datums were mathematically counted. Such values as the short-circuit current density of 10.17 mA/cm², open-circuit voltage of 1.2 V, and the maximum power value of Au/BCP/Spiro-MeOTAD/CH3NH3PbI3/PEDOT:PSS/ITO structure, which is 3.21 W were rated. A comparison of the volt-ampere characteristics of perovskite cells in dark and light modes was conducted for primary and optimized structures. The main parameters, obtained during the modeling of the experimental sample and subsequent model optimization, were compared. Specifically one of the key parameters of solar cell heterostructures the fill factor was evaluated and found to have increased from 16.52% to 25.00%, respectively. The light-sensitive behavior of the perovskite cell were visibly enhanced.
Clinicopathological Analysis of Pediatric Posterior Fossa Tumors: Insights from a National Neurosurgical Center
Authors: Mammadinova Iroda , Seitbekov Saparbek , Surdin Dmitriy , Abdykarimova Sayagul , Iskanov Abay , Isaeva Aizat , Ibatova Syrdankyz , Olenbay Gabit , Akshulakov Serik
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUNDː Pediatric posterior fossa tumors are the significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children and adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of the patient population and report the experience in managing and treating children with these tumors, as well as their survival outcomes in Kazakhstan.

METHODSː This retrospective study analysed data from the archives of the Pediatric Neurosurgery Department and included 214 pediatric patients with PFT in the period from January 2015 to December 2020.

RESULTSː The study included 214 patients with a mean age of 7.29 ± 4.26 years. The most common tumor pathology observed in this study was medulloblastoma (33.18%). Grade I tumors showed a notable median survival of 56.64 months (95% CI, 53.93-59.35), surpassing Grade II tumors at 50.38 months (95% CI, 40.57-60.2). Grade III and IV tumors had median survivals of 38.64 months (95% CI, 31.11-46.17) and 38.76 months (95% CI, 33.96-43.56). Multivariate analysis using Cox regression model revealed significant predictors of overall survival. Grade III-IV tumors (RR = 0.577, 95% CI 0.462-0.720, p = 0.000), delayed resection (RR = 0.950, 95% CI 0.717-1.104, p = 0.000), and brainstem tumors (RR = 2.454, 95% CI 1.791-5.751, p = 0.000) had poorer survival. Tumor volume, age, and adjuvant chemotherapy were not significant predictors of 5-year survival (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSː The study found similar death rates in children with pilocytic astrocytoma compared to other population studies. Regrettably, the 5-year survival rate for medulloblastoma and ependymoma indicates a poorer outcome compared to previous reports.
Mid-Term Outcome of the Hybrid Method of Ventricular Septal Defect Closure in Children.
Authors: Adilbekova Akkerbez , Nurkeev Bakhytzhan , Marassulov Shukhrat , Kozhakhmetov Saken
Published: May 2024

Objective: To describe the clinical experiences and mid-term follow-up results of the hybrid method of ventricular septal defect closure in children.

Methods: This study was a combined - multidirectional cohort. Between May 2016 and December 2020, 250 patients with isolated VSD (or residual VSD after a previous repair) underwent surgery by the hybrid method at the pediatric cardiac surgery department in the National Scientific Medical Center. This study adopted a combined and multidirectional cohort approach, initially starting as a retrospective cohort and later transitioning into a prospective cohort.

Results: A total of 250 patients in this cohort underwent hybrid VSD closure, of which 233 (93.2%) patients were successful, 16 (6.4%) patients were converted to the traditional method and 1 (0.4%) death occurred. New trivial or mild tricuspid regurgitation was detected in 35 patients (15%) and aortic regurgitation in 9 patients (3.9%) by intraoperative TEE. For the remaining 10 patients with incomplete right bundle branch blocks the sinus rhythm was restored in follow-up. In addition, the left ventricular ejection fraction improved over time. One of the important points after surgery is the deformation of the chest. In 122 (91%) patients, there is no deformation; unfortunately, in 12 (9%) patients, there is deformation. 

Conclusions: The hybrid method is a rapidly developing technique that has been safe and effective in a selected group of patients in recent years. The advantages of this method are minimum incision namely the size and length of the postoperative scar from 2 to 4 cm. Also, no myocardial injury, and reduces operation time, intensive care unit stay, and hospital stays.
Comprehensive pharmacoepidemiological and clinical-economic analysis of antibacterial drugs consumed during the pandemic at the hospital level in Aktobe, Kazakhstan
Authors: Balapasheva Aigerim Aldiyarovna , Mussina Aigul Zakarievna , Smagulova Gaziza Azhmagievna , Ziganshina Liliya Evgenievna
Published: May 2024

Aim: The study aimed to analyze the frequency and structure of antibacterial drug consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic at a dispensary hospital in Aktobe, Kazakhstan. It sought to identify the most frequently used and most costly antibacterial drugs, assessing their economic impact and usage patterns.

Methods: This descriptive, retrospective clinical, economic, and pharmacoepidemiological study was conducted using data from the dispensary hospital's pharmacy and patient records between March 13, 2020, and December 31, 2020. The ABC/VEN analysis and ATC/DDD methodology were applied to evaluate the consumption of antibacterial drugs. Antibiotics were classified according to WHO AWARe criteria.

Results: The study found that 27 different antibacterial drugs were used, representing 2.2% of all medications. The ABC/VEN analysis revealed that the majority of the budget was spent on a few high-cost drugs. Ceftriaxone was the most commonly used antibiotic, with a significant financial impact. According to the WHO AWaRe classification, most antibiotics fell into the Access and Watch categories.

Conclusion: The study highlights a high rate of antibacterial drug usage, with significant financial implications for the hospital. The predominance of certain high-cost antibiotics, like ceftriaxone, indicates a need for more rational and cost-effective use of these medications. The findings call for improved adherence to clinical guidelines, enhanced education for medical professionals, and optimized antibiotic utilization to prevent resistance development and ensure better patient outcomes, especially in pandemic situations.
Long-term outcomes of myocardial revascularization in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease and comorbid pathology
Authors: Madiyeva Maira Izmatovna , Aripov Marat Asanovich , Goncharov Alexey Yuryevich , Мansurova Jamilya Anvarovna
Published: May 2024

Objective: To assess the long-term outcomes of myocardial revascularization in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease and varying degrees of comorbidity.

Materials and methods: 406 patients with low and moderate Syntax scores (SS) (<33) underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (n=200) with a drug-eluting stent, and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) (n=206). Patients were stratified by the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) into 2 groups: 1) CCI ≤ 3(n=108/26.6%); 2) CCI ≥ 4(n=298/73.4%). The mean follow-up period was 9±1.9 years. The endpoints of the study were as follows: major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (МАССЕ), a repeat revascularization, decreased left ventricular ejection fraction, and high SS in dynamics.

Results: An increase in CCI of more than 4 points was significantly associated with the risk of developing a combination of MACCE (HR 1.3, CI 1.2 – 1.4, p<0.001), all-cause mortality (HR 1.3, CI 1.2 – 1.4, p<0.001), and cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) (HR 2.2, CI 1.4 – 3.4, p=0.001). Patients with CCI ≥4 required repeat revascularization more frequently after PCI than after CABG (HR 2.6, CI 1.8 – 3.7, p<0.001). Among patients with varying degrees of comorbidity, the risk of progression of coronary atherosclerosis (SS≥33) was higher after CABG compared with PCI.

Conclusion: A CCI score of more than 4 points was associated with an increased risk of developing of MACCE, all-cause mortality, and CVA. Among patients with varying degrees of comorbidity, PCI and CABG did not demonstrate significant advantages in terms of MACCE.
Potentially inappropriate prescribing among critically ill children: POPI-criteria in Russia
Authors: Vlasova AV , Kulichenko TV , Smirnova EV
Published: May 2024

The POPI criteria (Pediatrics: Omission of Prescriptions and Inappropriate prescriptions) for assessment of treatment of comorbidities, complications and underlying conditions in children that are accepted as the only existing instrument for detection of potentially inappropriate prescriptions, make it possible to evaluate prescriptions in children at the inpatient and outpatients stages of care provision, similar to the Beers criteria for adults. The study was aimed to assess the structure and rate of potentially inappropriate prescribing in the pediatric anesthesiology and resuscitation department of the multidisciplinary children's hospital based on the adapted version of POPI criteria for non-antibiotic concomitant therapy of nosocomial infections. We analyzed 305 cases of non-antibiotic medication prescription per 100 patients included. The rate of potentially inappropriate prescribing was 31 cases (10.5%), among which potentially inappropriate medication was prescribed in 29 cases (9.5%), and potentially missed medication took place in three cases (1%). The highest rate of potentially inappropriate prescribing was reported for respiratory diseases. Assessment of concomitant therapy in the critically ill children with infections revealed no significant effects on the rate of adverse reactions to antibiotics in children. In the context of implementing medical information systems (MIS) and prescription sheets, integration of the adapted POPI criteria is topical in terms of maintaining the quality and safety of drug therapy for treatment of concomitant diseases, conditions, and complications in children.
Potencial'no nepriemlemye naznacheniya lekarstvennyh preparatov u detej v kriticheskih sostoyaniyah: POPI-kriterii v Rossii
Authors: Власова А. В. , Куличенко Т. В. , Смирнова Е. В.
Published: May 2024

POPI-kriterii (Pediatrics: Omission of Prescriptions and Inappropriate prescriptions) dlya ocenki terapii soputstvuyushchih zabolevanij, oslozhnenij i fonovyh sostoyanij u detej, po analogii s kriteriyami Birsa u vzroslyh, priznany edinstvennym sushchestvuyushchim instrumentom vyyavleniya potencial'no nepriemlemyh naznachenij, pozvolyayut ocenit' naznacheniya lekarstvennyh preparatov u detej na stacionarnom i ambulatornom etape okazaniya medicinskoj pomoshchi. Cel'yu issledovaniya bylo izuchit' strukturu i chastotu potencial'no nepodhodyashchih naznachenij lekarstvennyh preparatov v detskom otdelenii AiR detskogo mnogoprofil'nogo stacionara na osnove adaptirovannoj versii POPI-kriteriev dlya soputstvuyushchej neantimikrobnoj terapii pri nozokomial'nyh infekciyah. Provodili analiz 305 sluchaev naznacheniya neantimikrobnyh lekarstvennyh preparatov na 100 vklyuchennyh pacientov. CHastota potencial'no nepriemlemyh naznachenij sostavila 31 (10,5%) sluchaj, iz nih potencial'no nenadlezhashchee lekarstvo naznacheno v 29 (9,5%) sluchayah i potencial'no propushcheno lekarstvo — v trekh (1%) sluchayah. Samyj vysokij uroven' potencial'no nepriemlemyh naznachenij vyyavlen pri respiratornyh zabolevaniyah. Ocenka soputstvuyushchej terapii u detej s infekciej v kriticheskih sostoyaniyah ne vyyavila statisticheski znachimyh vliyanij na chastotu nezhelatel'nyh reakcij na antibiotiki u detej. V usloviyah vnedreniya medicinskih informacionnyh sistem (MIS) i lista naznachenij integraciya adaptirovannyh POPI-kriteriev aktual'na dlya podderzhaniya kachestva i bezopasnosti lekarstvennoj terapii soputstvuyushchih zabolevanij, sostoyanij i oslozhnenij u detej.
ВРАЧЕБНАЯ ОШИБКА: НОМИНАЦИЯ БЕЗ ДЕФИНИЦИИ
Authors: Тихомиров Алексей
Published: May 2024

Врачебная ошибка (как и ее неправовые аналоги) – это неверно выбранная точка отсчета, мерой которой оценить действия (бездействие) врача в качестве правонарушения не получается. Поскольку врач может нести ответственность только за свои действия, ему нельзя вменять ответственность за несовершенство медицины и все причины неблагоприятных исходов сводить исключительно к врачебной ошибке. Врачебная ошибка – это фантом, на который можно списать все несовершенство законодательства и правоприменения, как и банальное юридическое невежество. Решением является поиск основания ответственности врача вовне такой сомнительной категории, как врачебная ошибка.
Análisis de la tendencia del crimen violento en la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México
Authors: Peña González Rodrigo
Published: May 2024

El objetivo de este artículo es estudiar la tendencia de los crímenes violentos en la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México (ZMVM), a partir de un análisis espacial y temporal. Para ello, se mapean y estudian tasas de tres delitos violentos que funcionan como variables de análisis: homicidios (en general y con arma de fuego), lesiones dolosas y extorsión. El principal hallazgo es que, en el periodo estudiado, la tendencia delictiva de la ZMVM tiene una considerable concentración en torno a las fronteras entre la Ciudad de México y el Estado de México. Además, los datos revelan hallazgos secundarios sobre tres temas: la ZMVM durante la guerra contra las drogas, las rutas metropolitanas y los mercados ilegales, y la relación entre el crimen violento y el recientemente inaugurado Aeropuerto Internacional Felipe Ángeles. Las conclusiones documentan tanto el peso de las citadas zonas fronterizas en la tendencia general del delito violento en la ZMVM, como la pertinencia de promover una visión metropolitana de la seguridad a lo largo de este espacio.
Comparison Of Capital Structure, Profitability, And Third-Party Funds (DPK) Between Bank Bri And Bank Syariah Indonesia: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Dayanti Mahesa
Published: May 2024

The banking sector plays a crucial role in the Indonesian economy, becoming the backbone that supports the country's economic growth and stability. In this dynamic landscape, two financial institutions stand out, namely Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI) as a representative of conventional banks, and Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) which is committed to Islamic financial principles. The purpose of this study is to determine the comparison of capital structure, profitability, and third party funds (DPK) between BRI banks and Indonesian Islamic banks. This research method uses the Mixed Methods Comparative method, this approach involves the collection and analysis of quantitative and qualitative data separately and at the same stage. The results of this study show that Â the comparative analysis between Bank BRI and Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) highlights the different dynamics in the capital structure, profitability, and deposits of both. BRI, with its conventional approach, demonstrates flexibility and excellence in diversifying financial resources. On the other hand, BSI, as an Islamic bank, provides evidence that Islamic principles can provide profitability and a sustainable financial foundation. These results provide a better understanding of each bank's role in meeting the needs of society, both in terms of financial services and business ethics principles. Stakeholders, including regulators, investors, and the general public, can use the results of this analysis to make informed decisions and support the sustainable growth of the banking sector in Indonesia.TRANSLATE with x EnglishArabicHebrewPolishBulgarianHindiPortugueseCatalanHmong DawRomanianChinese SimplifiedHungarianRussianChinese TraditionalIndonesianSlovakCzechItalianSlovenianDanishJapaneseSpanishDutchKlingonSwedishEnglishKoreanThaiEstonianLatvianTurkishFinnishLithuanianUkrainianFrenchMalayUrduGermanMalteseVietnameseGreekNorwegianWelshHaitian CreolePersianÂ // Â TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster PortalBack//
Economic Justice Through Al-Hisbah: Reviewing The Role And Performance Of Market Supervisory Institutions
Authors: Oktaviandi M. Rizky , Yogi Yogi
Published: May 2024

This research looks at the role and performance of market supervisory institutions in realizing economic justice through the concept of al-Hisbah. In its background, economic justice is stated as a central issue in sustainable social and economic development, with justice not only an ideal, but also a religious imperative in Islam. The aim of the study is to explore how market supervisory institutions based on al-Hisbah principles play a crucial role in ensuring that economic practices not only benefit a small part, but also support the welfare of society at large. The research method uses a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis, involving literature studies and interviews with economists and practitioners of Islamic law. The results showed that market supervisory institutions that apply the principles of al-Hisbah have a vital role in maintaining a balance between individual and general interests in economic activity. By ensuring that economic practices conform to Islamic principles that emphasize fairness, transparency, and sustainability, such institutions can be effective custodians in achieving the goals of economic justice. This research provides a deeper understanding of how the concept of al-Hisbah can form a solid foundation for creating a more inclusive, just, and sustainable economic system in accordance with Islamic values
İLKÖĞRETİM ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN ÖZEL ÖĞRENME GÜÇLÜĞÜ (ÖÖG) OLAN ÖĞRENCİLERE YÖNELİK TUTUMLARI ÖLÇEĞİNİN GELİŞTİRİLMESİ
Authors: Yaşar Sağlık Zehra
Published: May 2024

Bu çalışmada, ilköğretim öğretmenlerinin özel öğrenme güçlüğü (ÖÖG) olan öğrencilere yönelik tutumları ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Örneklemini 512 ilköğretim öğretmeninin oluşturduğu bu araştırmada tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın kapsam geçerliğini sağlamak amacıyla alan yazın incelenmiş ve uzman görüşlerinden faydalanılmıştır. Yapı geçerliliği için açımlayıcı (AFA) ve doğrulayıcı (DFA) faktör analizleri yapılmıştır. Güvenirlik çalışması kapsamında ise Cronbach alpha (α) güvenirlik katsayısı hesaplanmıştır. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliğinin sağlanması amacıyla yapılan AFA sonucunda, iki faktörlü, 19 maddeli bir ölçek elde edilmiştir. Faktörlerin özdeğerleri sırasıyla; 6.47 ve 5.57 iken açıkladıkları varyanslar %34.05 ve %29.31 olarak bulunmuştur. AFA ile elde edilen yapıya kanıt sağlamak amacıyla yapılan DFA sonucunda; χ2 /df=4.09, RMSEA= 0.07, GFI= 0.85, AGFI= 0.85, CFI=0.93, NFI= 0.91 uyum indeks değerleri elde edilmiştir. Ölçeğin güvenirliğinin sağlanması amacıyla ölçeğe ve alt faktörlere ilişkin güvenirlik analizleri yapılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda ölçeğin tamamı ve birinci faktör (kabullenme ve öğretim) için Cronbach alfa (α) değeri 0.91, ikinci faktör (duygu ve inanç) için ise 0.95 bulunmuştur. Diğer taraftan yapılan madde analiziyle de ölçeğin tüm maddelerinin üst ve alt gruplar açısından ayırt edici olduğu görülmüştür. Öğretmen tutumları ÖÖG’ye sahip öğrencilerin eğitimi üzerinde oldukça büyük bir etkiye sahiptir. Ancak öğretmenlerin bu öğrencilere karşı tutumları her zaman olumlu değildir. Bu nedenle ilköğretim öğretmenlerinin ÖÖG’ye sahip öğrencilere yönelik tutumlarının belirlenmesi ve öğretmen tutumlarının hangi sebeplerden dolayı farklılaştığının incelenmesi amacıyla bu araştırmada ilköğretim öğretmenlerinin ÖÖG olan öğrencilere yönelik tutumlarıyla ilgili geçerli ve güvenir bir ölçme aracı geliştirilmiştir.
Cartographic analysis of two centuries of map printing using copperplates – examples from the Czech Republic and Malta collections
Authors: Chrást Josef , Stachoň Zdeněk , Schiró Joseph
Published: May 2024

This paper provides a comprehensive description of preserved copper plates used for map printing in order to enrich the existing knowledge and, at the same time, contribute with new knowledge on the topic of the engraving of old maps. The dimensions, thickness, and weight of individual printing plates were measured. Qualitative indicators of the material were also examined. Printing plates originating from countries north of the Alps (former Czech lands) and from Mediterranean regions (Malta and Italy) are represented. For the purpose of the study, the term printing plate refers to a copperplate on which the engraving was made using the burin or line etching technique. These are some of the oldest reproduction techniques used for printing old maps. The period studied covers the 18th century, approximately. Studies dealing with a large set of printing plates and their classification are rather an exception (Hameleers 1989). The issue of the qualitative properties of printing plates has not yet been comprehensively addressed in the literature focusing on the history of cartography.
De haereticis an sint persequendi (1554) Von Ketzeren (1555) Traicté des heretiques (1557) - Synoptische Edition mit Kommentaren zu den Textauszügen
Authors: Castellio Sebastian
Published: May 2024

Das Manifest gegen Ketzerverfolgung, das dieser Band erstmals in einer dreisprachigen, kommentierten Edition bietet, begründet Sebastian Castellios Ruf als Kämpfer für religiöse Toleranz. Castellio und seine Mitstreiter bündeln in ihrer Anthologie von Texten der Kirchenväter, Reformatoren und zeitgenössischer Humanisten die Argumente gegen Glaubenszwang und zeigen, dass dieser im konstantinischen Staatskirchentum begründet ist. Sie lenken den Blick auf den Anfang der Reformation Luthers und seine Visionen einer universalen Kirche und des Laienpriestertums, die im Zeitalter der Konfessionalisierung verloren zu gehen drohten – nicht nur in Wittenberg, sondern auch in Genf, Zürich oder Strassburg. In der deutschen und französischen Fassung manifestiert sich zudem der anhaltende Widerstand gegen das kaiserliche Interim 1548. Die Edition zeigt die weite Ausstrahlung des Basler Castellio-Kreises nach der Hinrichtung Michel Servets 1553.
Pantheism, Panpsychism, and Secularization - Case Studies from Early Modernity
Authors: Blum Elisabeth , Blum Paul Richard
Published: May 2024

Pantheism and panpsychism view the divine as omnipresent in the world or declare everything to be animated. This book presents a small number of case studies that show how these theories arose in the Renaissance and were linked to the overall intellectual climate of early modernity that became increasingly secularized. Pantheism and panentheism (the view that God embraces the world) preluded modern secularism as the attitude that deems religion and theology irrelevant to science. One case is Renaissance magic as a comprehensive worldview. Cosmology debated the relation between the Creator and creation so that it could be relegated to either mythology or divine transcendence. The idea of universal ensoulment shaped a secular physics as visible in the theory of mind and in the modern development of monadology.
Sucessão rural na agricultura familiar no Médio Jequitinhonha, MG
Authors: Luiz Silva Daniela , Fernandes Macedo Rogério , Redin Ezequiel , Vasconcelos Melo Thiago
Published: May 2024

A manutenção do processo sucessão rural na agricultura familiar é um fato preponderante para sustentar o futuro do seguimento. O fato da juventude rural está cada vez mais abandonando o campo pode implicar em um profundo rompimento do processo geracional da agricultura familiar.  Diante disso, o presente trabalho procura analisar entre os jovens a existência de indícios que no futuro haverá sucessores na agricultura familiar do Médio Jequitinhonha em Minas Gerais. Para alcançar os objetivos foi realizada uma pesquisa de estudo de campo, com aplicação de questionários aos estudantes da Escolas Famílias Agrícolas de Araçuaí e Itinga. A decisão de sair do campo não é uma decisão fácil para os jovens, porque implica largar tudo, a família, a comunidade e todo o conhecimento que foi lhe transmitido. Dessa forma, foi percebido que os jovens, até tem a vontade de permanecer no campo, mas são desmotivados pela sociedade do meio urbano e pelos fatores condicionados pelo espaço que ocupa. Nesse sentido, com base nas intenções dos jovens não foi encontrado fortes indícios que as famílias dos estudantes terão um sucessor.
Educação na Reforma agrária e sustentabilidade: marcos do passado e horizontes do presente
Authors: Nascimento Santos Jamile , Cristina Fiamengue Elis , Valdanha Neto Diógenes
Published: May 2024

Este ensaio discute sobre o Programa Nacional de Educação na Reforma Agrária (PRONERA) recorrendo ao processo de formação desta política como uma conquista da Educação do Campo. O objetivo é relatar historicamente de que forma o PRONERA e a Educação do Campo vêm contribuindo para formação de educandos e educadores do campo com práticas de sustentabilidade ambiental. Fazemos, a princípio, um recorte desse processo de construção da educação no meio rural focando na luta e resistência da classe trabalhadora por uma educação que contemplasse as suas especificidades.  Posteriormente, apresentamos um breve relato do PRONERA e de que forma contribui para a formação dos sujeitos campesinos. O PRONERA visa implementar ações educativas para a população dos acampamentos e assentamentos da Reforma Agrária e é definido como política pública de educação, suas ações estão voltadas para a formação dos sujeitos Campo e nessas ações estão presentes a preocupação com a conservação e recuperação ambiental. Assim, finalizamos buscando apresentar como a educação do Campo a partir do PRONERA pode atuar frente as lutas pela sustentabilidade ambiental. Diante disso, chegamos à argumentação de que o PRONERA é uma política pública com potencial multidimensional para ações visando à sustentabilidade e tem lugar estratégico para a nação ter condições de cumprir os diversos compromissos que tem assumido na agenda ambiental global.
A espacialidade do envelhecimento em memória autobiográfica no Pontal do Paranapanema
Authors: Oliveira Fernando Henrique Ferreira de , Feliciano Carlos Alberto
Published: May 2024

O objetivo principal desta texto é compreender como se constrói a experiência do envelhecimento rural e identificar as estratégias de resistência e a espacialidade desenvolvidas pelos idosos no contexto de luta, conquista e formação do acampamento Gercina Mendes e do assentamento Água Sumida. Discute-se também como o envelhecimento é visto na geografia e sua relação com as dimensões espaciais e sociais dos sujeitos. Partindo de um referencial teórico para a geografia do envelhecimento, propomos uma compreensão de como os conceitos espaciais desempenham um papel no exame do envelhecimento em áreas de conflito agrários, justificando uma análise relacional, com foco em múltiplos sujeitos sociais, e para além do mundo dos adultos. Para tanto, tomamos como eixo central a relação entre envelhecimento e espaço na trajetória de pessoas idosas em situações de acampamento e assentamento no Pontal do Paranapanema – São Paulo. História oral, reconstrução de memórias e uso do caderno de campo foram estratégias para geração de dados de envelhecimento. Nossa tese levanta a hipótese de que o envelhecimento constrói espaços específicos relacionados ao uso espacial e temporal em acampamentos e assentamentos, onde o trabalho é a base para que os idosos do meio rural percebam a velhice. Esses sujeitos produzem espacialidade por meio de seus corpos, práticas e relações sociais espacialmente relacionadas. Casas e lotes são entendidos como espaços de memória e trabalho, e a terra como meio de reprodução da vida. De modo geral, o trabalho apresenta as múltiplas possibilidades de se estudar a idade por meio da geografia, buscando ampliar e aprofundar a compreensão do envelhecimento a partir das dimensões dos sujeitos sociais e do espaço, aqui entendido por meio de princípios de indissociabilidade e multidimensionalidade.