bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les projets « art et science », de puissants outils de médiation scientifique : Donvor, une immersion poétique dans les abysses
Authors: Sarrazin Jozée , Cloarec Thomas , Wahl David , Sarradin Pierre-Marie
Published: August 2023

Le projet Donvor questionne l’importance d’une collaboration entre scientifiques et artistes pour susciter un dialogue entre science, art et société sur des sujets d’actualité : l’environnement, l’écologie, la transition énergétique. Ce projet est le résultat d’une expérience au long cours entre deux scientifiques de l’Ifremer, un auteur et plusieurs artistes de Teatr Piba autour d’une thématique commune : les écosystèmes marins profonds et les enjeux autour de l’exploitation potentielle de leurs ressources minérales. Il s’est articulé autour d’immersions réciproques. Cet article traite de la genèse de ce projet, de sa méthodologie, des résultats obtenus et analyse l’approche toute particulière qui a été mise en œuvre. Enfin, il cherche à comprendre comment ces approches « art et science » sont de réels déclencheurs de dialogue et, de ce fait, de puissants outils de médiation scientifique.
Sachkostencontrolling: So lassen sich Kosten und Erlöse in einer Klinik besser verknüpfen
Authors: Buchhart Susann
Published: August 2023

Wie können Sachkosten und DRG-Erlöse vernünftig verknüpft werden, damit Kliniken nicht auf Materialkosten sitzen bleiben? Hierfür ist eine Kosten-Erlös-Übersicht unter Berücksichtigung der fallbasierten Materialverwendung erforderlich. Bei der Implementierung sollten einige Herausforderungen berücksichtigt werden.
Überblick: Health-Start-ups für den Krankenhauseinkauf
Authors: Schlüchtermann Jörg , Schedel Isabell
Published: August 2023

Der Markt der jungen Unternehmen ist fortwährend in Bewegung. In diesem Beitrag finden Sie einen aktuellen Stand und Perspektiven der Health-Start-up-Szene.
Buchtipp: Supply it
Authors: Goldschmidt Andreas J. W.
Published: August 2023

Das neue Buch „Supply it.“ ist ein „Praxisguide“ durch die äußerst spannenden und vielseitigen Herausforderungen im Einkauf und in der Logistik im Krankenhaus. Weitere Themen sind Digitalisierung und rechtliche Rahmenbedigungen.
Osteosynthese – Nägel, Schrauben, Platten: Verbindungen, die Brüche heilen
Authors: Güray Daniel , Geßlein Markus
Published: August 2023

Die Osteosynthese ist ein chirurgisches Verfahren, das zur Stabilisierung von Knochenbrüchen eingesetzt wird. Sie hat sich als effiziente Methode zur Förderung des Heilungsprozesses etabliert, um Patienten eine schnellere Belastung und eine komplikationsfreiere Heilung zu ermöglichen.
Quenching of a no-insulation high-temperature superconducting magnet
Authors: Ahn Moohyun , Yang Byeongsu , Lee Youngjae , Yoon Hojin , Park Heejun , Kim DongLak , Yoo Jonghee
Published: August 2023

We report details on the quenching incident of an 18 T high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnet, which occurred in December 2020. It has been received that the no-insulation (NI) design of an HTS magnet is relatively safe in quenching. However, the NI design could not completely prevent the magnet from quenching and damaging the associated system. Due to significant vibrations and fast energy dissipation during quenching, the magnet and the detector components are seriously damaged. The manufacturer inspected the magnet after the incident and repaired it in the spring of 2021. The magnet showed stable and consistent performance after the repair. It is evident that the NI-HTS magnet still requires quench protection circuits to secure the magnet and associated system.
Neural potentials of proteins extrapolate beyond training data
Authors: Wellawatte Geemi P. , Hocky Glen M. , White Andrew D.
Published: August 2023

We evaluate neural network (NN) coarse-grained (CG) force fields compared to traditional CG molecular mechanics force fields. We conclude that NN force fields are able to extrapolate and sample from unseen regions of the free energy surface when trained with limited data. Our results come from 88 NN force fields trained on different combinations of clustered free energy surfaces from four protein mapped trajectories. We used a statistical measure named total variation similarity to assess the agreement between reference free energy surfaces from mapped atomistic simulations and CG simulations from trained NN force fields. Our conclusions support the hypothesis that NN CG force fields trained with samples from one region of the proteins’ free energy surface can, indeed, extrapolate to unseen regions. Additionally, the force matching error was found to only be weakly correlated with a force field’s ability to reconstruct the correct free energy surface.
A voltage-controlled current source for temporal interference stimulation: Analysis, design, and study
Authors: Qian Rui , Cao Zhenqian , Li Bo , Bu Junjie , Zhang Shengzhao
Published: August 2023

The temporal interference stimulation is a new technique to modulate brain activity by applying multiple channels of voltage-controlled current source (VCCS) simultaneously to the receptor surface. In this paper, the envelopes of the overlapped current waves at several areas of the receptor were analyzed and discussed with different circuit structures of VCCS. A complementary differential current source (CDCS) was designed to fit the best circuit topology based on the analysis of the enhanced Howland current source structure. Experiments were conducted by injecting current to a swine tissue using the CDCS and conventional VCCS and acquiring the voltage waveform data from different parts of the tissue. The waveforms were compared and analyzed, revealing that the conventional VCCS may generate an interference envelope in unexpected regions, while the CDCS did not. The CDCS design approach in this paper provides a new solution for temporal interference stimulation VCCS.
Carrier transport mechanism of Mg/Pt/Au Ohmic contact on p-GaN/AlGaN/GaN platform with ultra-low resistivity
Authors: Tang Chuying , Fu Chun , Jiang Yang , He Minghao , Deng Chenkai , Wen Kangyao , He Jiaqi , Wang Peiran , Du Fangzhou , Zhang Yi , Hu Qiaoyu , Tao Nick , Wang Qing , Yu HongYu
Published: August 2023

In this work, the carrier transport mechanism of Mg/Pt/Au Ohmic contact on p-GaN/AlGaN/GaN with a very low specific contact resistivity of 1.98 × 10−5 Ω cm2 is investigated. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy measurement results show that the Mg concentration near the p-GaN surface increases form 8 × 1019 to 7 × 1020/cm3 for Mg/Pt/Au contact after annealing. It indicates that Mg atoms from the Mg/Pt/Au metal stack diffuse into the p-GaN during annealing, forming a heavily Mg doped p++-GaN layer with a depth of about 3 nm. The sheet resistance Rsh depends on temperature for Mg/Pt/Au contacts on p-GaN/GaN, indicating that the influence of 2DHG on carrier transport mechanisms at the metal/p-GaN interface was eliminated. For Mg/Pt/Au contacts at ≥360 K, specific contact resistivity reasonably follows T−1, which indicates that the band conduction of Schottky theory dominates the carrier transport. For Mg/Pt/Au contacts at 200–360 K, the electrical resistivity reasonably follows T−1/4, indicating variable-range hopping (VRH) conduction through Mg-related deep-level defects (DLD). Based on the VRH conduction model, the effective barrier height (qφ) of the Mg-related DLD band is extracted as 0.265 eV, which well matches the excellent Ohmic contact.
Dynamic stall flow control with multistage dielectric-barrier discharge actuation under light stall conditions
Authors: Zhang Yixing , Gao Chao , Wu Bin , Yan Rihua , Tian Yao , Wang Na
Published: August 2023

This study employs a numerical simulation method that combines the plasma body force model based on electrostatics with the Navier–Stokes equations to investigate the coupling mechanism of flow fields induced by multistage dielectric-barrier discharge (MDBD) actuation. Compared to conventional single-stage alternating-current DBD (AC-DBD) actuation, MDBD actuation provides higher actuation intensity and larger flow control region, which are advantageous for improving the flow control effect of DBD actuation. Numerical simulations are conducted based on the established MDBD flow control technology to study the flow control of the dynamic stall of an airfoil. The mechanism by which MDBD actuation-induced vortices delay dynamic stall and accelerate flow reattachment under unsteady conditions is analyzed. A control effect comparison with single-stage AC-DBD actuation validates the technical advantages of MDBD actuation in improving the average aerodynamic force, delaying lift and momentum stall, reducing the hysteresis effect, suppressing negative aerodynamic damping, and accelerating flow reattachment.
Tailing phenomenon in high voltage solid-state pulse modulators: Analyzing and modeling
Authors: Li Bo , Bai Jie , Fan Lei , He Jinhang , Tu Jingxin , Yang Fang , Wang Hao , Liu Shifeng , Zhang Zhiqing
Published: August 2023

In many applications of high-voltage solid-state pulse modulators (SSPMs), the expected square pulsed shape is difficult to be generated and also there exists a long falling edge (also known as the “tailing”). In some fields that strictly need squared pulses, tailing will restrict the application of SSPMs. Although topological solutions have been proposed to eliminate the tail, its formation and regulatory factors are still not clear. Based on the classic switch–capacitor circuit, the tailing model is discussed and established for stacked and non-stacked SSPMs in this paper, which can help predict the pulsed tailing of SSPMs under various loads. The circuital factors (stage number, parasitic inductance, etc.) of the pulsed tail are studied. Meanwhile, the suggested tailing criteria for different load scenarios are proposed. The experiment verifies the accuracy of the tailing model. Finally, the applicable conditions of the tailing model are discussed. This model can not only help explain the mechanism of tailing but make predictions of tailing in SSPMs.
Phase-field simulations of polarization variations in polycrystalline Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 based MFIM: Voltage dependence and dynamics
Authors: Koduru Revanth , Ahmed Imtiaz , Saha Atanu K. , Lyu Xiao , Ye Peide , Gupta Sumeet K.
Published: August 2023

In this work, we investigate the device-to-device variations in the remanent polarization of metal–ferroelectric–insulator–metal stacks based on ferroelectric hafnium–zirconium–oxide (HZO). Our study employs a 3D dynamic multi-grain phase-field model to consider the effects of the polycrystalline nature of HZO in conjunction with the multi-domain polarization switching. We explore the dependence of variations on various design factors, such as the ferroelectric thickness and voltage stimuli (set voltage, pulse amplitude, and width), and correlate the trends to the underlying polarization switching mechanisms. Our analysis reveals a non-monotonic dependence of variations on the set voltage due to the coupled effect of the underlying polycrystalline structure variations and the voltage dependence of polarization switching mechanisms. We further report that collapsing of oppositely polarized domains at higher set voltages can lead to an increase in variations, while ferroelectric thickness scaling lowers the overall device-to-device variations. Considering the dynamics of polarization switching, we highlight the key role of voltage and temporal dependence of domain nucleation in dictating the trends in variations. Finally, we show that using a lower amplitude pulse for longer duration to reach a target mean polarization state results in lower variations compared to using a higher amplitude pulse for shorter duration.
Structural, mechanical, and thermodynamic properties of Ni–Ti intermetallic compounds: First-principle calculation
Authors: Liu Zeen , Zhang Le , Fu Chongyang , Zeng Chongyang , Wu Xiao , Li Weiqi , Ma Xiaojuan
Published: August 2023

Intermetallic compounds were applied widely in the fields of automotive and aerospace because of its excellent shape memory effect. In this work, the structural, mechanical, and thermodynamic properties of Ni–Ti intermetallic compounds are studied by first-principle calculation. The results show that Ti, NiTi3, NiTi2, NiTi, Ni4Ti3, Ni3Ti, Ni4Ti, and Ni are stable based on Born stable criterion. On the mechanical aspect, the bulk modulus of Ni–Ti intermetallic compounds increases with the rising electron density. Their ductility is ranked as follows: NiTi3 > Ni4Ti3 > NiTi2 > Ni4Ti > NiTi > Ni3Ti. And when the ratio of Ni and Ti is 3:1, it is the hardest. In addition, the Ni–Ti intermetallic compounds in this work are anisotropy, except NiTi2. On the thermodynamic aspect, the Debye temperature θD, melting point Tm, and minimum thermal conductivity kmin of Ni–Ti intermetallic compounds increase first and then decrease with the rising content of Ni. The θD and kmin of NiTi3 are the minimum among the Ni–Ti ICs mentioned above, and θD of Ni3Ti and kmin of NiTi are both the maximum. The melting point of Ni3Ti is 1940 K, it is the highest temperature.
A design of ultra-short-term power prediction algorithm driven by wind turbine operation and maintenance data for LSTM-SA neural network
Authors: You Hong , Jia Renyuan , Chen Xiaolei , Huang Lingxiang
Published: August 2023

Due to factors such as meteorology and geography, the generated power of wind turbines fluctuates frequently. In this way, power changes should be predicted in grid connection to take control measures in time. In this paper, an operation and maintenance data-driven LSTM-SA (long short-term memory with self-attention) prediction algorithm is designed to predict the ultra-short-term power of wind turbines. First, the wind turbine operation and maintenance data, including wind speed, blade deflection angle, yaw angle, humidity, and temperature, are subjected to feature selection by using the Pearson correlation coefficient method and the Lasso algorithm, thereby establishing the correlation between wind speed, blade deflection angle, and out power. Then, full-connect neural network is trained to establish a mapping model of wind speed, blade deflection angle, and out power. The power change rate k is calculated by the derivative of output power to wind speed. Finally, based on the historical power data and the power change rate k, the LSTM neural network power prediction model is trained to calculate the output power prediction value. In order to increase the training efficiency and reduce the delay, the self-attention mechanism is used to optimize the hidden layer of the LSTM model. The test results show that, compared with similar prediction algorithms, this algorithm has higher prediction accuracy, faster convergence speed, and better stability, which can solve the problem of accurately predicting ultra-short-term power when wind power training data is inadequate.
Synchronization transitions and sensitivity to asymmetry in the bimodal Kuramoto systems with Cauchy noise
Authors: Kostin V. A. , Munyaev V. O. , Osipov G. V. , Smirnov L. A.
Published: August 2023

We analyze the synchronization dynamics of the thermodynamically large systems of globally coupled phase oscillators under Cauchy noise forcings with a bimodal distribution of frequencies and asymmetry between two distribution components. The systems with the Cauchy noise admit the application of the Ott–Antonsen ansatz, which has allowed us to study analytically synchronization transitions both in the symmetric and asymmetric cases. The dynamics and the transitions between various synchronous and asynchronous regimes are shown to be very sensitive to the asymmetry degree, whereas the scenario of the symmetry breaking is universal and does not depend on the particular way to introduce asymmetry, be it the unequal populations of modes in a bimodal distribution, the phase delay of the Kuramoto–Sakaguchi model, the different values of the coupling constants, or the unequal noise levels in two modes. In particular, we found that even small asymmetry may stabilize the stationary partially synchronized state, and this may happen even for an arbitrarily large frequency difference between two distribution modes (oscillator subgroups). This effect also results in the new type of bistability between two stationary partially synchronized states: one with a large level of global synchronization and synchronization parity between two subgroups and another with lower synchronization where the one subgroup is dominant, having a higher internal (subgroup) synchronization level and enforcing its oscillation frequency on the second subgroup. For the four asymmetry types, the critical values of asymmetry parameters were found analytically above which the bistability between incoherent and partially synchronized states is no longer possible.
Traveling waves in a model for cortical spreading depolarization with slow–fast dynamics
Authors: Reyner-Parra David , Bonet Carles , Seara Teresa M. , Huguet Gemma
Published: August 2023

Cortical spreading depression and spreading depolarization (CSD) are waves of neuronal depolarization that spread across the cortex, leading to a temporary saturation of brain activity. They are associated with various brain disorders such as migraine and ischemia. We consider a reduced version of a biophysical model of a neuron–astrocyte network for the initiation and propagation of CSD waves [Huguet et al., Biophys. J. 111(2), 452–462, 2016], consisting of reaction-diffusion equations. The reduced model considers only the dynamics of the neuronal and astrocytic membrane potentials and the extracellular potassium concentration, capturing the instigation process implicated in such waves. We present a computational and mathematical framework based on the parameterization method and singular perturbation theory to provide semi-analytical results on the existence of a wave solution and to compute it jointly with its velocity of propagation. The traveling wave solution can be seen as a heteroclinic connection of an associated system of ordinary differential equations with a slow–fast dynamics. The presence of distinct time scales within the system introduces numerical instabilities, which we successfully address through the identification of significant invariant manifolds and the implementation of the parameterization method. Our results provide a methodology that allows to identify efficiently and accurately the mechanisms responsible for the initiation of these waves and the wave propagation velocity.
The mechano-chemical circuit drives skin organoid self-organization
Authors: Lei Mingxing , Harn Hans I-Chen , Li Qiwei , Jiang Jingwei , Wu Wang , Zhou Wei , Jiang Tin-Xin , Wang Mengyue , Zhang Jinwei , Lai Yung-Chih , Juan Wen-Tau , Widelitz Randall Bruce , Yang Li , Gu Zhong-Ze , Chuong Cheng-Ming
Published: August 2023

Stem cells in organoids self-organize into tissue patterns with unknown mechanisms. Here, we use skin organoids to analyze this process. Cell behavior videos show that the morphological transformation from multiple spheroidal units with morphogenesis competence (CMU) to planar skin is characterized by two abrupt cell motility–increasing events before calming down. The self-organizing processes are controlled by a morphogenetic module composed of molecular sensors, modulators, and executers. Increasing dermal stiffness provides the initial driving force (driver) which activates Yap1 (sensor) in epidermal cysts. Notch signaling (modulator 1) in epidermal cyst tunes the threshold of Yap1 activation. Activated Yap1 induces Wnts and MMPs (epidermal executers) in basal cells to facilitate cellular flows, allowing epidermal cells to protrude out from the CMU. Dermal cell–expressed Rock (dermal executer) generates a stiff force bridge between two CMU and accelerates tissue mixing via activating Laminin and β1-integrin. Thus, this self-organizing coalescence process is controlled by a mechano-chemical circuit. Beyond skin, self-organization in organoids may use similar mechano-chemical circuit structures.
Unconditional cash transfers reduce homelessness
Authors: Dwyer Ryan , Palepu Anita , Williams Claire , Daly-Grafstein Daniel , Zhao Jiaying
Published: August 2023

Homelessness is an economic and social crisis. In a cluster-randomized controlled trial, we address a core cause of homelessness—lack of money—by providing a one-time unconditional cash transfer of CAD$7,500 to each of 50 individuals experiencing homelessness, with another 65 as controls in Vancouver, BC. Exploratory analyses showed that over 1 y, cash recipients spent fewer days homeless, increased savings and spending with no increase in temptation goods spending, and generated societal net savings of $777 per recipient via reduced time in shelters. Additional experiments revealed public mistrust toward the ability of homeless individuals to manage money and demonstrated interventions to increase public support for a cash transfer policy using counter-stereotypical or utilitarian messaging. Together, this research offers a new approach to address homelessness and provides insights into homelessness reduction policies.
Urbanization and edge effects interact to drive mutualism breakdown and the rise of unstable pathogenic communities in forest soil
Authors: Tatsumi Chikae , Atherton Kathryn F. , Garvey Sarah M. , Conrad-Rooney Emma , Morreale Luca L. , Hutyra Lucy R. , Templer Pamela H. , Bhatnagar Jennifer M.
Published: August 2023

Temperate forests are threatened by urbanization and fragmentation, with over 20% (118,300 km2) of U.S. forest land projected to be subsumed by urban land development. We leveraged a unique, well-characterized urban-to-rural and forest edge-to-interior gradient to identify the combined impact of these two land use changes—urbanization and forest edge creation—on the soil microbial community in native remnant forests. We found evidence of mutualism breakdown between trees and their fungal root mutualists [ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi] with urbanization, where ECM fungi colonized fewer tree roots and had less connectivity in soil microbiome networks in urban forests compared to rural forests. However, urbanization did not reduce the relative abundance of ECM fungi in forest soils; instead, forest edges alone led to strong reductions in ECM fungal abundance. At forest edges, ECM fungi were replaced by plant and animal pathogens, as well as copiotrophic, xenobiotic-degrading, and nitrogen-cycling bacteria, including nitrifiers and denitrifiers. Urbanization and forest edges interacted to generate new “suites” of microbes, with urban interior forests harboring highly homogenized microbiomes, while edge forest microbiomes were more heterogeneous and less stable, showing increased vulnerability to low soil moisture. When scaled to the regional level, we found that forest soils are projected to harbor high abundances of fungal pathogens and denitrifying bacteria, even in rural areas, due to the widespread existence of forest edges. Our results highlight the potential for soil microbiome dysfunction—including increased greenhouse gas production—in temperate forest regions that are subsumed by urban expansion, both now and in the future.
Stalled but not forgotten: Bacterial exotoxins inhibit translation to activate NLRP1
Authors: Tibble Ryan , Yonemitsu Marisa A. , Mitchell Patrick S.
Published: August 2023

In this issue of JEM, companion articles from Pinilla et al. (2023. J. Exp. Med.https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20230104) and Robinson et al. (2023. J. Exp. Med.https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20230105) demonstrate that ribotoxic stress induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Corynebacterium diphtheriae EEF2-targeting exotoxins leads to NLRP1 inflammasome activation, representing a new mechanism of effector-triggered immunity.
Coexistence of Zero-Dimensional Electride State and Superconductivity in AlH2 Monolayer
Authors: Yang 杨 Qiuping 秋萍 , Jiang 蒋 Xue 雪 , Zhao 赵 Jijun 纪军
Published: August 2023

Electrides, which confine “excess anionic electrons” in subnanometer-sized cavities of a lattice, are exotic ionic crystals. We propose a non-stoichiometric strategy to realize intrinsic two-dimensional (2D) superconducting electride. AlH2 monolayer, which is structurally identical to 1H-MoS2, possesses zero-dimensionally confined anionic electrons in the interstitial sites of Al triangles, corresponding to a chemical formula of [AlH2]+e−. The interaction between interstitial anionic electrons (IAEs) and host cation lattice mainly accounts for stabilization of 1H-AlH2 electride. Impressively, 1H-AlH2 monolayer is an intrinsic Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer superconductor with T
c = 38 K, which is the direct consequence of strong coupling of the H-dominated high electronic states with Al acoustic branch vibrations and mid-frequency H-derived phonon softening modes caused by Kohn anomalies. Under tensile strain, IAEs transform into itinerant electrons, favoring the formation of stable Cooper pairs. Therefore, T
c reaches up to 53 K at a biaxial fracture strain of 5%. Our findings provide valuable insights into the correlation between non-stoichiometric electrides and superconducting microscopic mechanisms at the 2D limit.
Accurate determination of stiffness and strength of graphene via AFM-based membrane deflection
Authors: Bahrami Farzaneh , Malik Mohammad W , Van Loock Frederik , Raskin Jean-Pierre , Pardoen Thomas , Nysten Bernard
Published: August 2023

The Young’s modulus and fracture strength of single and bilayer graphene (BLGr) grown by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) were determined using atomic force microscopy-based membrane deflection experiments. The uncertainty resulting from instrument calibration and the errors due to the experimental conditions like tip wear, loading position, and sample preparation were investigated to estimate the accuracy of the method. The theoretical estimation of the uncertainty on the Young’s modulus linked to the calibration is around 16%. Finite element simulations were performed to determine the effects of membrane shape and loading position on the extraction of the Young’s modulus. Off-centre loading results in the overestimation of the Young’s modulus while deviation from the circular shape leads to an underestimation of the stiffness. The simulated results were compared with experiments. With all these sources of errors taken into account, the Young’s modulus and fracture strength of CVD-grown single layer graphene are found equal to 0.88 ± 0.14 TPa and 134 ± 16 GPa, respectively. For CVD BLGr, the mean values of the Young’s modulus and fracture strength are equal to 0.70 ± 0.11 TPa and 95 ± 11 GPa, respectively.
Rapid retrieval of femtosecond and attosecond pulses from streaking traces using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Hajivassiliou G , Kassapis M , Tisch J W G
Published: August 2023

Attosecond streaking is a powerful and versatile technique that allows the full-field characterisation of femtosecond to attosecond optical pulses. It has been instrumental in the verification of attosecond pulse generation and probing of ultrafast dynamics in matter. Recently, machine learning (ML) has been applied to retrieve the fields from streaking data (White and Chang 2019 Opt. Express
27 4799; Zhu et al 2020 Sci. Rep.
10 5782; Brunner et al 2022 Opt. Express
30 15669–84). This offers a number of advantages compared with traditional iterative algorithms, including faster processing and better resilience to noise. Here, we implement a ML approach based on convolutional neural networks and limit the search to physically realistic pulses that can be specified with a small number of parameters. This leads to substantial reductions in both training and retrieval times, enabling near kHz retrieval rates. We examine how the retrieval performance is affected by noise, and for the first time in this context, study the effect of missing data. We show that satisfactory retrievals are still possible with signal to noise ratios as low as 10, and with up to

40
%

of data missing.
Camouflaged cryptosystem based on optical diffractive imaging
Authors: Zou Lin , Zhang Zhiying , Yu Haitao , Zhong Zhi , Shan Mingguang , Liu Lei
Published: August 2023

A camouflaged cryptosystem based on optical diffractive imaging is proposed in this paper. During the encryption process, a camouflaged image is first encoded into an intensity image by optical diffractive imaging, which is stored and transmitted as a fake ciphertext. Then a secret image is encoded into two generated phase masks(GPMs) with the fake ciphertext as the amplitude constraint by cascading phase encoding. The ciphertext and random phase masks(RPMs) used in the optical diffractive imaging are transmitted to the receivers via a common channel, while GPMs are transmitted via a private channel. The common channel can be accessed by both authorized receivers and potential illegal intruders. Therefore, illegal intruders can just obtain the camouflaged image by the fake ciphertext and RPMs, while only authorized receivers with the fake ciphertext and GPMs can retrieve the secret image. The decoded camouflaged image would confuse the illegal users and provide additional security protection for the secret image. The feasibility and security of this cryptosystem would by verified by several simulation experiments.
Dissipative inflation via scalar production
Authors: Creminelli Paolo , Kumar Soubhik , Salehian Borna , Santoni Luca
Published: August 2023

We describe a new mechanism that gives rise to dissipation during cosmic inflation. In the simplest implementation, the mechanism requires the presence of a massive scalar field with a softly-broken global U(1) symmetry, along with the inflaton field. Particle production in this scenario takes place on parametrically sub-horizon scales, at variance with the case of dissipation into gauge fields. Consequently, the backreaction of the produced particles on the inflationary dynamics can be treated in alocalmanner, allowing us to compute their effects analytically. We determine the parametric dependence of the power spectrum which deviates from the usual slow-roll expression. Non-Gaussianities are always sizeable whenever perturbations are generated by the noise induced by dissipation:fNLeq≳O(10).
Performance of entanglement-assisted quantum codes with noisy ebits over asymmetric and memory channels
Authors: Fan 樊 Ji-Hao 继豪 , Xia 夏 Pei-Wen 沛文 , Dai 戴 Di-Kang 迪康 , Chen 陈 Yi-Xiao 一骁
Published: August 2023

Entanglement-assisted quantum error correction codes (EAQECCs) play an important role in quantum communications with noise. Such a scheme can use arbitrary classical linear code to transmit qubits over noisy quantum channels by consuming some ebits between the sender (Alice) and the receiver (Bob). It is usually assumed that the preshared ebits of Bob are error free. However, noise on these ebits is unavoidable in many cases. In this work, we evaluate the performance of EAQECCs with noisy ebits over asymmetric quantum channels and quantum channels with memory by computing the exact entanglement fidelity of several EAQECCs. We consider asymmetric errors in both qubits and ebits and show that the performance of EAQECCs in entanglement fidelity gets improved for qubits and ebits over asymmetric channels. In quantum memory channels, we compute the entanglement fidelity of several EAQECCs over Markovian quantum memory channels and show that the performance of EAQECCs is lowered down by the channel memory. Furthermore, we show that the performance of EAQECCs is diverse when the error probabilities of qubits and ebits are different. In both asymmetric and memory quantum channels, we show that the performance of EAQECCs is improved largely when the error probability of ebits is reasonably smaller than that of qubits.
Different wave patterns for two-coupled Maccari’s system with complex structure via truncated Painlevé approach
Authors: Ma 马 Hongcai 红彩 , Qi 戚 Xinru 心茹 , Deng 邓 Aiping 爱平
Published: August 2023

We focused on the two-coupled Maccari’s system. With the help of truncated Painlevé approach (TPA), we express local solution in the form of arbitrary functions. From the solution obtained, using its appropriate arbitrary functions, we have generated the rogue wave pattern solutions, rogue wave solutions, and lump solutions. In addition, by controlling the values of the parameters in the solutions, we show the dynamic behaviors of the rogue wave pattern solutions, rogue wave solutions, and lump solutions with the aid of Maple tool. The results of this study will contribute to the understanding of nonlinear wave dynamics in higher dimensional Maccari’s systems.
Strong gravitational lensing of rotating regular black holes in non-minimally coupled Einstein-Yang-Mills theory*
Authors: Zhang 张 Ruanjing 软静 , Jing 荆 Jiliang 继良 , Peng 彭 Zhipeng 志鹏 , Huang 黄 Qihong 启洪
Published: August 2023

The strong gravitational lensing of a regular and rotating magnetic black hole in non-minimally coupled Einstein-Yang-Mills theory is studied. We find that, with the increase of any characteristic parameters of this black hole, such as the rotating parameter a, magnetic charge q and EYM parameter λ, the angular image position

and relative magnification

decrease while deflection angle

and image separation s increase. The results will degenerate to that of the Kerr case, RN case with magnetic charge and Schwarzschild case when we take some specific values for the black hole parameters. The results also show that, due to the small influence of magnetic charge and EYM parameters, it is difficult for current astronomical instruments to tell this black hole apart from a General Relativity one.
Mitigation of divertor edge localised mode power loading by impurity seeding
Authors: Komm M. , Faitsch M. , Henderson S. , Bernert M. , Brida D. , Février O. , Järvinen A. , Silvagni D. , Tskhakaya D. , Upgrade Team the ASDEX , MST1 Team the EUROfusion
Published: August 2023

One of the major challenges for the design of future thermonuclear reactors is the problem of power exhaust—the removal of heat fluxes deposited by plasma particles onto the plasma-facing components (PFCs) of the reactor wall. In order for the reactor to work efficiently, the power loading of the PFCs has to stay within their material limits. A substantial part of these heat fluxes can be deposited transiently during the impact of edge localised modes (ELMs), which typically accompany the high confinement mode, a regime foreseen for tokamak ITER and next-step devices. One of the possible ways to mitigate the deposition of localised heat fluxes during ELMs is injection of impurities, which could similarly to inter-ELM detachment dissipate part of the energy carried by plasma particles, the so-called ELM buffering effect. In this contribution, we report on experimental observations in impurity seeded discharges in ASDEX Upgrade, where injection of argon is capable of reducing the ELM energy by up to 80

%

(60

%

without degradation of confinement). A simple model of ELM cooling is in some cases capable of providing quantitative prediction of this effect. The ELM peak energy fluence

ϵ

|

|

,

p
e
a
k

was reduced by a factor 8 without a degradation of the pedestal pressure. Should such mitigation be achieved in ITER, the resulting power loading would satisfy the material limits of divertor tungsten monoblocks (Eich et al 2017 Nucl. Mater. Energy
12 84–90) and as such avoid the risk of their melting. The most favourable results in terms of confinement and divertor heat flux mitigation were achieved by use of a mixture of argon and nitrogen, where the later impurity helped to improve the confinement. The ELM frequency was identified as a scaling factor for

ϵ

|

|

,

p
e
a
k

in discharges with impurity seeding, suggesting that high frequency ELMs are favourable for future devices.
The state of art of μ-RWELL technology
Authors: Bencivenni G. , de Oliveira R. , De Lucia E. , Felici G. , Gatta M. , Giovannetti M. , Morello G. , Poli Lener M.
Published: August 2023

The μ-RWELL is a single-amplification stage resistive Micro-Pattern Gaseous Detector
(MPGD). The detector amplification element is realized with a single copper-clad polyimide foil
micro-patterned with a blind hole (well) matrix and embedded in the readout PCB through a thin
Diamond-Like-Carbon (DLC) sputtered resistive film. The introduction of the resistive layer,
suppressing the transition from streamer to spark, allows to achieve large gains (≥ 104)
with a single amplification stage, while partially reducing the capability to stand high particle
fluxes. The simplest resistive layout, designed for low-rate applications, is based on a
single-resistive layer with edge grounding. At high particle fluxes this layout suffers of a
non-uniform response. In order to get rid of such a limitation different current evacuation
geometries have been designed. In this work we report the study of the performance of several
high rate resistive layouts tested at the CERN H8-SpS and PSI πM1 beam test facilities and
with a high intensity 5.9 keV X-ray tube. These layouts fulfill the requirements for the
detectors upgrades at the HL-LHC and for the experiments at the next generation colliders
FCC-ee/hh and CepC.The possibility to realise the detector on flexible elements opens the way to
use the technology for non-planar geometry such as the instrumentation of the Inner Tracker at
future Charm-Tau factories. In addition, it must be stressed that the μ-RWELL device can be
manufactured with full sequential-build-up technology, thus allowing a straightforward technology
transfer of the manufacturing process to the industry.
Stable isotopes contain substantial additive information about terrestrial carbon and water cycling
Authors: Li Bonan , Good Stephen P , Fiorella Richard P , Finkenbiner Catherine E , Bowen Gabriel J , Noone David C , Still Christopher J , Anderegg William R L
Published: August 2023

Stable isotope ratios of H (δ
2
H), O (δ
18O), and C (δ
13C) are linked to key biogeochemical processes of the water and carbon cycles; however, the degree to which isotope-associated processes are reflected in macroscale ecosystem flux observations remains unquantified. Here through formal information assessment, new measurements of δ
13C of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) as well as δ
2H and δ
18O of latent heat (LH) fluxes across the United States National Ecological Observation Network (NEON) are used to determine conditions under which isotope measurements are informative of environmental exchanges. We find all three isotopic datasets individually contain comparable amounts of information about NEE and LH fluxes as wind speed observations. Such information from isotope measurements, however, is largely unique. Generally, δ
13C provides more information about LH as aridity increases or mean annual precipitation decreases. δ
2H provides more information about LH as temperatures or mean annual precipitation decreases, and also provides more information about NEE as temperatures decrease. Overall, we show that the stable isotope datasets collected by NEON contribute non-trivial amounts of new information about bulk environmental fluxes useful for interpreting biogeochemical and ecohydrological processes at landscape scales. However, the utility of this new information varies with environmental conditions at continental scales. This study provides an approach for quantifying the value adding non-traditional sensing approaches to environmental monitoring sites and the patterns identified here are expected to aid in modeling and data interpretation efforts focused on constraining carbon and water cycles’ mechanisms.
Enhancing Building Energy Efficiency with Aluminum Composite Material Facade: A Performance Simulation Study using Building Energy Modeling and Building Information Modeling
Authors: Luong Duc Long , Truong Ngoc-Son , Ngo Ngoc-Tri , Nguyen Quang Trung
Published: August 2023

Building facade is an integral piece to the overall design of a building, which not only ensures adequate interior thermal comfort, minimizing cooling load rate but also lowering overall building energy consumption. In recent years, aluminum composite material wall (ACM) is a new decorative material that is increasingly being used by developers, designers, and architects, which led to many innovative building facade designs. It is a straightforward and versatile product that provides a weather-resistant, sound-insulation, heat-insulation, earthquake-resistant, and shock-resistant façade that is simple to install. As a result, this study proposes a perfomance of energy simulation with ACM material applied in building design using Building Energy Modeling (BEM). Energy simulation in buildings using a Building Information Modeling (BIM) system is proposed to reduce the Energy Use Intensity (EUI) and energy cost of building in its construction process. The results of this study are expected to assist architects and building managers in improving and enhancing the energy efficiency of buildings. These significant findings demonstrate the potential of using ACM wall to improve building energy efficiency.
A stability range for topological 4-manifolds
Authors: Hambleton Ian
Published: August 2023

We introduce a new stable range invariant for the classification of closed, oriented topological

4
4

-manifolds (up to

s
s

-cobordism), after stabilization by connected sum with a uniformly bounded number of copies of

S
2

×

S
2

S^2\times S^2

.
SLC6A1 variant pathogenicity, molecular function and phenotype: a genetic and clinical analysis
Authors: Stefanski Arthur , Pérez-Palma Eduardo , Brünger Tobias , Montanucci Ludovica , Gati Cornelius , Klöckner Chiara , Johannesen Katrine M , Goodspeed Kimberly , Macnee Marie , Deng Alexander T , Aledo-Serrano Ángel , Borovikov Artem , Kava Maina , Bouman Arjan M , Hajianpour M J , Pal Deb K , Engelen Marc , Hagebeuk Eveline E O , Shinawi Marwan , Heidlebaugh Alexis R , Oetjens Kathryn , Hoffman Trevor L , Striano Pasquale , Freed Amanda S , Futtrup Line , Balslev Thomas , Abulí Anna , Danvoye Leslie , Lederer Damien , Balci Tugce , Nouri Maryam Nabavi , Butler Elizabeth , Drewes Sarah , van Engelen Kalene , Howell Katherine B , Khoury Jean , May Patrick , Trinidad Marena , Froelich Steven , Lemke Johannes R , Tiller Jacob , Freed Amber N , Kang Jing-Qiong , Wuster Arthur , Møller Rikke S , Lal Dennis
Published: August 2023

Genetic variants in the SLC6A1 gene can cause a broad phenotypic disease spectrum by altering the protein function. Thus, systematically curated clinically relevant genotype-phenotype associations are needed to understand the disease mechanism and improve therapeutic decision-making.

We aggregated genetic and clinical data from 172 individuals with likely pathogenic/pathogenic (lp/p) SLC6A1 variants and functional data for 184 variants (14.1% lp/p). Clinical and functional data were available for a subset of 126 individuals. We explored the potential associations of variant positions on the GAT1 3D structure with variant pathogenicity, altered molecular function and phenotype severity using bioinformatic approaches.

The GAT1 transmembrane domains 1, 6 and extracellular loop 4 (EL4) were enriched for patient over population variants. Across functionally tested missense variants (n = 156), the spatial proximity from the ligand was associated with loss-of-function in the GAT1 transporter activity. For variants with complete loss of in vitro GABA uptake, we found a 4.6-fold enrichment in patients having severe disease versus non-severe disease (P = 2.9 × 10−3, 95% confidence interval: 1.5–15.3).

In summary, we delineated associations between the 3D structure and variant pathogenicity, variant function and phenotype in SLC6A1-related disorders. This knowledge supports biology-informed variant interpretation and research on GAT1 function. All our data can be interactively explored in the SLC6A1 portal (https://slc6a1-portal.broadinstitute.org/).
Ankyrin B promotes developmental spine regulation in the mouse prefrontal cortex
Authors: Murphy Kelsey E , Duncan Bryce , Sperringer Justin E , Zhang Erin , Haberman Victoria , Wyatt Elliott V , Maness Patricia
Published: August 2023

Postnatal regulation of dendritic spine formation and refinement in cortical pyramidal neurons is critical for excitatory/inhibitory balance in neocortical networks. Recent studies have identified a selective spine pruning mechanism in the mouse prefrontal cortex mediated by class 3 Semaphorins and the L1 cell adhesion molecules, neuron-glia related cell adhesion molecule, Close Homolog of L1, and L1. L1 cell adhesion molecules bind Ankyrin B, an actin-spectrin adaptor encoded by Ankyrin2, a high-confidence gene for autism spectrum disorder. In a new inducible mouse model (Nex1Cre-ERT2: Ank2flox: RCE), Ankyrin2 deletion in early postnatal pyramidal neurons increased spine density on apical dendrites in prefrontal cortex layer 2/3 of homozygous and heterozygous Ankyrin2-deficient mice. In contrast, Ankyrin2 deletion in adulthood had no effect on spine density. Sema3F-induced spine pruning was impaired in cortical neuron cultures from Ankyrin B-null mice and was rescued by re-expression of the 220 kDa Ankyrin B isoform but not 440 kDa Ankyrin B. Ankyrin B bound to neuron-glia related CAM at a cytoplasmic domain motif (FIGQY1231), and mutation to FIGQH inhibited binding, impairing Sema3F-induced spine pruning in neuronal cultures. Identification of a novel function for Ankyrin B in dendritic spine regulation provides insight into cortical circuit development, as well as potential molecular deficiencies in autism spectrum disorder.
Modeling the initial development dynamics for two native Brazilian forest tree species
Authors: Fagundes Flávia Fernanda Azevedo , Martins Fabrina Bolzan , Reis Fernando Yuri da Silva , da Costa Haroldo Felipe
Published: August 2023

Development models are used to quantify the dynamics and rate of initial development, the seedling phase duration, and global warming impacts on forest species. Such models relate the physiological age of the plant, through air temperature functions, to its morphological appearance, given by the cumulative leaf number on the main stem. Despite their potential, studies on initial development dynamics are still scarce, especially for native forest species. Thus, this study calibrated and evaluated the performance of two development models—Phyllochron and Wang and Engel—in estimating the cumulative leaf number and seedling phase duration of two Brazilian native forest species—Cybistax antisyphilitica (Mart.) Mart. (Bignoniaceae) and Platycyamus regnellii Benth. (Fabaceae). Cumulative leaf number and seedling phase duration data from outdoor experiments carried out during the 2017 and 2018 growing seasons with 12 sowing dates in Itajubá, Minas Gerais, Brazil, were used. These experiments provided a rich dataset for calibrating and evaluating the Phyllochron and Wang and Engel development models. Both development models were capable of predicting cumulative leaf number with low and acceptable errors for both species and produced less accurate estimates for seedling phase duration. For C. antisyphilitica, both models were remarkably similar in estimating cumulative leaf number and seedling phase duration, with a root-mean-square error of 3.3 leaves and 25 days, respectively. For P. regnellii, the Wang and Engel model was slightly better than the Phyllochron, with an error of fewer than 2.06 leaves and 13.1 days. Using the coefficients calibrated in this study and, preferably, the Wang and Engel model, it is possible to project the development of both forest species under climate change scenarios.