bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Aphakic Refraction and Biometry-Based Formulae for Secondary In-The-Bag and Sulcus-Implanted Intraocular Lens Power Estimation in Children
Authors: Chang Pingjun , Li Zhangliang , Zhang Fan , Lin Lei , Kou Jiaojiao , Zhao Yun-e
Published: November 2020

Purpose: The aim of the study was to compare the accuracy of refractive outcomes in children undergoing secondary in-the-bag or cilliary sulcus intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, using aphakic refraction (AR)-based formulae (Hug and Khan) and biometry-based formulae (Holladay 1, Hoffer Q, SRK/T, and SRK II). Methods: In this retrospective study, a total of 65 eyes of 44 patients who underwent secondary in-the-bag or cilliary sulcus IOL implantation were included and divided into 2 groups: 39 eyes of the in-the-bag IOL group and the other 26 eyes of the sulcus-implanted IOL group. Holladay 1, Hoffer Q, SRK/T, and SRK II formulae were employed depending on the biometric data, while Hug and Khan formulae were used based on preoperative AR. The prediction error (PE) and the absolute value of predicted error (APE) were compared between the 2 groups and formulae. Results: In the in-the-bag IOL group, nonsignificant differences of APE were found among the 6 formulae, while the Holladay 1, Hoffer Q, SRK/T, and SRK II all demonstrated a significant hyperopic shift of median PE value compared to the Hug formula (p < 0.05, all), and Holladay 1 and SRK II also showed a significant hyperopic shift of PE compared to the Khan formula (p < 0.05, both). Higher percentages of eyes with PE <1 D were found using Hoffer Q and SRK/T. In the sulcus-implanted group, the Holladay 1, Hoffer Q, and SRK/T had a significantly smaller median value of APE than the Hug and Khan formulae (p < 0.05, all), and the SRK II had a significantly smaller median value of APE than the Hug formula (p < 0.05), while Holladay 1 had the lowest value of APE. Higher percentages of eyes within PE <1 D were found using Holladay 1, Hoffer Q, and SRK/T, while the highest one was SRK/T. Significantly larger hyperopic shifts of median PE value using all the 6 formulae were found in eyes with sulcus-implanted IOL than eyes with in-the-bag implanted IOL (p < 0.05, all). In the eyes of with in-the-bag implanted IOL, the Hug and Khan formulae had significantly smaller APE values when compared with the eyes with sulcus-implanted IOL (p < 0.05, both). Conclusions: Whether IOL was in the bag or implanted in the sulcus, almost all the formulae showed hyperopic shift, SRK/T showed the best accuracy. Biometry-based formulae were superior to AR-based formulae in accuracy of IOL power calculation, especially when IOL was implanted in the sulcus. In-the-bag IOL implantation should always be with higher priorities, especially when using AR-based formulae in IOL power calculation.
Need for Vitreous Surgeries in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy in 10-Year Follow-Up: India Retinal Disease Study Group Report No. 2
Authors: Khan Rehana , Surya Janani , Rajalakshmi Ramachandran , Rani Padmaja Kumari , Anantharaman Giridhar , Gopalakrishnan Mahesh , Sen Alok , Desai Abhishek , Roy Rupak , Natarajan Sundaram , Chen Lanin , Chawla Gajendra , Behera Umesh Chandra , Gopal Lingam , Muralidharan Vinata , Sivaprasad Sobha , Raman Rajiv
Published: November 2020

Introduction: To report the 10-year rate of vitrectomies and the associated factors in people with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) from a multicentric cohort of people with diabetes mellitus. Methods: Ten centres in India with established vitreoretinal (VR) services for over 10 years were invited to provide long-term data on PDR. People with Type 1 or 2 diabetes with a clinical diagnosis of active PDR in 1 or both eyes were included. Baseline data collected included age, sex, duration of diabetes, source of referral and best-corrected visual acuity, and diabetic retinopathy status in both eyes. Available follow-up data included the numbers of panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) sessions, cataract surgery, treatment of diabetic macular oedema, use of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy, vitrectomy with or without retinal surgeries over 10 years. Results: Over 10 years, 89% needed supplemental PRP after initial complete PRP. One-third required retinal surgery, 16% needed intravitreal injection. Men (74.5%) had significant higher risk for vitreous (VR) surgery. Of the group with low-risk PDR, 56.8% did not require VR surgery, p < 0.001. Of the patients who underwent cataract surgery and had intravitreal anti-VEGF injections, 78.5 and 28.2% needed subsequent vitreous (VR) surgery, p = 0.006 and <0.0001, respectively. Independent predictors of need for vitreoretinal surgery included those who underwent cataract surgery and those with poor baseline visual acuity (logMAR). Eyes at lower risk for VR surgery included the eyes previously treated with PRP and low-risk PDR at baseline. Conclusion: Despite initial “complete” PRP, one-third of our study cohort needed vitrectomies over 10 years, highlighting that these patients require regular follow-up for a long period of time.
Tree‐Based Machine Learning to Identify and Understand Major Determinants for Stroke at the Neighborhood Level
Authors: Hu Liangyuan , Liu Bian , Ji Jiayi , Li Yan
Published: November 2020

Background

Stroke is a major cardiovascular disease that causes significant health and economic burden in the United States. Neighborhood community‐based interventions have been shown to be both effective and cost‐effective in preventing cardiovascular disease. There is a dearth of robust studies identifying the key determinants of cardiovascular disease and the underlying effect mechanisms at the neighborhood level. We aim to contribute to the evidence base for neighborhood cardiovascular health research.

Methods and Results

We created a new neighborhood health data set at the census tract level by integrating 4 types of potential predictors, including unhealthy behaviors, prevention measures, sociodemographic factors, and environmental measures from multiple data sources. We used 4 tree‐based machine learning techniques to identify the most critical neighborhood‐level factors in predicting the neighborhood‐level prevalence of stroke, and compared their predictive performance for variable selection. We further quantified the effects of the identified determinants on stroke prevalence using a Bayesian linear regression model. Of the 5 most important predictors identified by our method, higher prevalence of low physical activity, larger share of older adults, higher percentage of non‐Hispanic Black people, and higher ozone levels were associated with higher prevalence of stroke at the neighborhood level. Higher median household income was linked to lower prevalence. The most important interaction term showed an exacerbated adverse effect of aging and low physical activity on the neighborhood‐level prevalence of stroke.

Conclusions

Tree‐based machine learning provides insights into underlying drivers of neighborhood cardiovascular health by discovering the most important determinants from a wide range of factors in an agnostic, data‐driven, and reproducible way. The identified major determinants and the interactive mechanism can be used to prioritize and allocate resources to optimize community‐level interventions for stroke prevention.
Baseline ECG and Prognosis After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: The Role of Interatrial Block
Authors: Vicent Lourdes , Fernández‐Cordón Clara , Nombela‐Franco Luis , Escobar‐Robledo Luis Alberto , Ayesta Ana , Ariza Solé Albert , Gómez‐Doblas Juan José , Bernal Eva , Tirado‐Conte Gabriela , Cobiella Javier , González‐Saldivar Hugo , López‐Otero Diego , Díez‐Villanueva Pablo , Sarnago Fernando , Armario Xavier , Bayés‐de-Luna Antonio , Martínez‐Sellés Manuel , Fadeuilhe Grau Edgar , Serra Antonio , Arzamendi Dabit , Millán Xavier , Díez‐delHoyo Felipe , Grigorian Lilian , Juárez Miriam , Vázquez M Eugenia , Sanz Ricardo , Gutiérrez Enrique , Elízaga Jaime , Fernández‐Avilés Francisco , Alvarado Casas Teresa , Alfonso Fernando , Albarrán González de Trevilla Agustín , García Tejada Julio , Gómez Blázquez Iván Tomás , Sarnago Fernando , Guerrero Morales Carme , Avanzas Pablo , Persia Yvan , Moris Cesar , Cobiella Javier , Sanmartin Pena Xoan Carlos , Lopez Pais Javier , Muñoz Antonio , Muñoz Erika , Hernández José María
Published: November 2020

Background

The clinical significance of conduction disturbances after transcatheter aortic valve implantation has been described; however, little is known about the influence of baseline ECGs in the prognosis of these patients. Our aim was to study the influence of baseline ECG parameters, including interatrial block (IAB), in the prognosis of patients treated with transcatheter aortic valve implantation.

Methods and Results

The BIT (Baseline Interatrial Block and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation) registry included 2527 patients with aortic stenosis treated with transcatheter aortic valve implantation. A centralized analysis of baseline ECGs was performed. Patients were divided into 4 groups: normal P wave duration (<120 ms); partial IAB (P wave duration ≥120 ms, positive in the inferior leads); advanced IAB (P wave duration ≥120 ms, biphasic [+/–] morphology in the inferior leads); and nonsinus rhythm (atrial fibrillation/flutter and paced rhythm). The mean age of patients was 82.6±9.8 years and 1397 (55.3%) were women. A total of 960 patients (38.0%) had a normal P wave, 582 (23.0%) had partial IAB, 300 (11.9%) had advanced IAB, and 685 (27.1%) presented with nonsinus rhythm. Mean follow‐up duration was 465±171 days. Advanced IAB was the only independent predictor of all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.48; 95% CI, 1.10–1.98 [
P
=0.010]) and of the composite end point (death/stroke/new atrial fibrillation) (HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.17–1.94 [
P
=0.001]).

Conclusions

Baseline ECG characteristics influence the prognosis of patients with aortic stenosis treated with transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Advanced IAB is present in about an eighth of patients and is associated with all‐cause death and the composite end point of death, stroke, and new atrial fibrillation during follow‐up.
Fibrin and Platelet-Rich Composition in Retrieved Thrombi Hallmarks Stroke With Active Cancer
Authors: Fu Chuan-Hsiu , Chen Chih-Hao , Lin Yen-Heng , Lee Chung-Wei , Tsai Li-Kai , Tang Sung-Chun , Shun Chia-Tung , Jeng Jiann-Shing
Published: November 2020

Background and Purpose:

We aim to investigate whether histopathologic examination of thrombi retrieved from acute ischemic stroke patients undergoing endovascular treatment could distinguish cancer-related stroke from other etiologies.

Methods:

Thrombi from patients undergoing endovascular treatment were analyzed. The etiology of stroke was divided into cardioembolism, large artery atherosclerosis, and active cancer groups. All selected thrombi were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin staining. The percentages of fibrin/platelets, red blood cells, and white blood cells within a thrombus were quantified.

Results:

One-hundred fifty-two patients (active cancer, 19; cardioembolism, 107; large artery atherosclerosis, 26) were included. Thrombi from the active cancer group exhibited a higher fibrin/platelet composition than did those from the cardioembolism and large artery atherosclerosis groups (median, 85.7% versus 43.9% and 42.5%;
P
<0.001). Fibrin/platelet composition was the only independent factor (odds ratio, 1.05 [95% CI, 1.02–1.08]) in differentiating cancer-related stroke from stroke caused by cardioembolism and large artery atherosclerosis. A fibrin/platelet proportion of ≥65% accurately predicted cancer-related stroke (area under the curve, 0.84;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions:

In thrombi retrieved from patients undergoing endovascular treatment, a high fibrin/platelet composition was a probable indicator of cancer-related stroke.
Iconicity and interpretability in language emergence
Authors: Hudson Kam Carla L. , Tkachman Oksana
Published: November 2020

The iconic potential of sign languages suggests that the establishment of a conventionalized set of form-meaning pairings should be relatively easy. However, even an iconic form has to be interpreted correctly for it to conventionalize. In sign languages, spatial modulations are used to indicate real spatial relationships (locative) and grammatical relations. The former is a more-or-less direct representation of how things are situated with respect to each other. Grammatical space, in contrast, is more abstract. As such, the former would seem to be more interpretable than the latter, and so on the face of it, should be more likely to conventionalize in a new sign language. But in at least one emerging sign language the grammatical use of space is conventionalizing first. We argue that this is due to the grammatical use of space being easier to understand correctly, using data from four experiments investigating hearing non-signers interpretation of spatially modulated gestures.
Two new species of Wedelia Jacq. (Asteraceae, Heliantheae) from Minas Gerais, Brazil

Authors: BUENO VINICIUS R. , FERREIRA SILVANA C. , NAKAJIMA JIMI N.
Published: November 2020

Two new species of Wedelia Jacq. are described and illustrated, and their morphological affinities with other species are discussed. Wedelia pauciflora is characterized by its solitary heads and a small number of flowers per head. Wedelia homogama is recognized by its shrubby habit, homogamous discoid heads, and purple corolla. These species were collected in Serra da Canastra National Park, São Roque de Minas, and in Rio Paranaíba; both areas are at Minas Gerais State, Brazil, occurring in “Cerrado” biome.
On the identity of some endemic SW Asian Cruciferae. II

Authors: GERMAN DMITRY A. , ÖZÜDOĞRU BARIŞ
Published: November 2020

The second part of revision of the identity and status of poorly known Cruciferae species treated as local endemics within SW Asia is presented. Six taxa (Camelina alpkoyensis, Draba anatolica, Fibigia yildirimlii, Matthiola subglabra, Rorippa edirnensis, and Thlaspi kilicii) described primarily during last decade from Turkey, with the exception of M. subglabra established much earlier based on a gathering from Iran, are dealt with. All are regarded as synonyms of Camelina laxa, Draba doerfleri, Fibigia clypeata subsp. eriocarpa, Eutrema renifolium, Noccaea (Neurotropis) platycarpa, and Rorippa amphibia, respectively. Lectotypes for Draba doerfleri, D. doerfleri var. aprica, D. doerfleri var. umbrosa, and Schivereckia bornmuelleri are designated.
Importance of genetic data in resolving cryptic species: A century old problem of understanding the distribution of Minervarya syhadrensis Annandale 1919, (Anura: Dicroglossidae)
Authors: PHUGE SAMADHAN , PATIL AJINKYA BHARATRAJ , PANDIT RADHAKRISHNA , KULKARNI NIRMAL U , CHENNAKESHAVAMURTHY B.H. , DEEPAK P. , DINESH K.P.
Published: November 2020

Frogs of the genus Minervarya are cryptic and widely distributed in South Asia. However, many of them lack information about the precise type locality, genetic data, and distribution range. The present study aimed to examine the genetic affinities of a widely distributed species Minervarya syhadrensis around its type locality in the northern Western Ghats (Pune, Maharashtra). We studied the type specimen of M. syhadrensis and collected similar sized Minervarya frogs from Pune district. In the field, we observed two different calls from morphologically similar (M. syhadrensis like) males suggesting the sympatric occurrence of two cryptic species (that we initially named Minervarya species A and Minervarya species B). We analyzed morphology, call pattern, and mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene sequence of both species. Minervarya species A has a long call with a low pulse repetition rate and higher dominant frequency compared to that of the Minervarya species B. These species cannot be differentiated based on morphometric data. However, they can be sorted out using morphological characters such as the presence of longitudinal skin folds on the dorsal side (Minervarya species A) and differences in foot webbing. DNA sequences of Minervarya species A and Minervarya species B are matching with those of M. caperata and M. agricola respectively. After studying the type specimens of M. syhadrensis and M. caperata, we found morphological similarities (longitudinal skin folds) with the samples of Minervarya species A collected during the present study. Based on the results of our study (morphology and genetic) and available literature, we propose to redefine M. syhadrensis as applying to the lineage initially named Minervarya species A, and to treat the species M. caperata as a junior synonym of M. syhadrensis. Our study will be helpful in further taxonomic revision of the genus, and provides natural history information for M. syhadrensis and M. agricola.
Molecular data reveal unexpected species diversity of tapeworms of Australasian reptiles: revision of Kapsulotaenia (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae)
Authors: DE CHAMBRIER ALAIN , BRABEC JAN , SCHOLZ TOMÁŠ
Published: November 2020

Species diversity and interrelationships of tapeworms of the genus Kapsulotaenia Freze, 1963 (Proteocephalidae: Acanthotaeniinae), parasites of lizards, especially monitors (Varanus spp.) in the Australasian region, were re-assessed using an interdisciplinary approach. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of newly characterized lsrDNA and cox1 sequences confirmed monophyly of the genus, which is typified by the presence of eggs in capsules, and also indicated a strict (oioxenous) level of host specificity of its species thus revealing unexpected species diversity. Diagnoses of insufficiently described species were amended based on a study of the types and freshly collected specimens and, in addition, three new species were described. A list of ten species of the genus recognized as valid is provided, including illustrations of taxonomically important structures of poorly known taxa. Kapsulotaenia beveridgei n. sp. from V. rosenbergi in Australia differs from all other species of Kapsulotaenia but K. frezei and K. saccifera by having a lower number of testes and an absence of banana-shaped clusters of eggs. Kapsulotaenia cannoni n. sp. from V. gouldii can be distinguished from all species but K. chisholmae by a smaller scolex diameter and from all remaining species by its bigger cirrus-sac ratio and a bigger Mehlis’ gland/proglottid width ratio. Kapsulotaenia cannoni n. sp. differs from K. chisholmae, by the presence of an armed cirrus and a lower number of eggs in cluster (3–7 versus 8–13). Kapsulotaenia nybelini n. sp., which also occurs in V. gouldii, differs from K. tidswelli, K. frezei and K. beveridgei by having a greater number of testes, and it differs from K. varia by having a smaller relative size of the ovary. It differs from K. saccifera by the absence of banana-shaped cluster, and from K. pythonis by the number of eggs in clusters. Identification keys for all species of Kapsulotaenia and genera of the Acanthotaeniinae are also provided, together with SEM micrographs of three species, including two newly described species.
Two new species of the Southeast Asian Dwarf tarantula genus Phlogiellus Pocock, 1887 (Theraphosidae, Selenocosmiinae) and a discussion on the taxonomic problem of the genus: Addendum
Authors: SIVAYYAPRAM VARAT , KUNSETE CHAWAKORN , SONGSANGCHOTE CHAOWALIT , THANOOSING CHAWATAT , TRAIYASUT PRAPUN , WARRIT NATAPOT
Published: November 2020

Sivayyapram et al. (2020) omitted to note the full type deposition of Phlogiellus daweiensis and Phlogiellus raveni; that is corrected herein
A 10-Year Climatology of Mesoscale Convective Systems and Their Synoptic Circulations in the Southwest Mountain Area of China
Authors: Meng Yanan , Sun Jianhua , Zhang Yuanchun , Fu Shenming
Published: November 2020

Hourly blackbody temperature data from the warm seasons (May–September) of 2009–18 were used to detect mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) generated in the southwest mountain area (elevation ≥ 500 m) of China. A total of 3059 MCSs were grouped into four categories (C1, C2, C3, and C4) according to their generation positions using K-means clustering. Major characteristics of the four types of MCSs and their synoptic environmental conditions were investigated. The MCSs had a peak in July and a minimum in May, and usually lasted from 3 to 21 h. The C1 MCSs generated in the northeast of the Tibetan Plateau developed faster, were largest, and had a longer lifespan. The C2 and C4 MCSs had greater intensity and were initiated in the southeast of the Tibetan Plateau and the west of the Yungui Plateau, and near the Wuling and Xuefeng Mountains, respectively. The C3 MCSs initiated in the Qinling, Ta-pa, and Wushan Mountains were smallest. The C1 and C2 MCSs contributed more than 30% to total precipitation, which was more than the C3 and C4 MCSs (<25%), and the contribution rate of MCSs to short-duration heavy rainfall affected by local MCSs was over 60%. Composite synoptic circulations of the four types of MCSs showed several factors, including the locations and intensities of cyclones in the Bay of Bengal and high pressure in the Indochina Peninsula in the low-to-middle troposphere, and vortexes or southwesterly winds in the low-level troposphere, regulate the location and intensity of convection.
Improved Prediction of Cold-Air Pools in the Weather Research and Forecasting Model Using a Truly Horizontal Diffusion Scheme for Potential Temperature
Authors: Arthur Robert S. , Lundquist Katherine A. , Olson Joseph B.
Published: November 2020

The terrain-following vertical coordinate system used by many atmospheric models, including the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model, is prone to errors in regions of complex terrain. These errors stem, in part, from the calculation of horizontal gradients within the diffusion term of the momentum or scalar evolution equations. In WRF, such gradients can be calculated along coordinate surfaces, or using metric terms that help account for grid skewness. However, neither of these options ensures a truly horizontal gradient calculation, especially if a grid cell is skewed enough that the heights of the neighboring grid points used in the calculation fall outside the vertical range of the cell. In this work, an improved scheme that uses Taylor series approximations to vertically interpolate variables to the level necessary for a truly horizontal gradient calculation is implemented in WRF for the diffusion of potential temperature. The scheme is validated using an atmosphere-at-rest configuration, in which spurious flows develop only as a result of numerical errors and can thus be used as a proxy for model performance. Following validation, the method is applied to the simulation of cold-air pools (CAPs), which occur in regions of complex terrain and are characterized by strong near-surface temperature gradients. Using the truly horizontal scheme, idealized simulations demonstrate reduced numerical mixing in a quiescent CAP, and a realistic case study in the Columbia River basin shows a reduction in positive wind speed bias by up to roughly 20% compared to observations from the Second Wind Forecast Improvement Project.
EXPRESS: Comparison of Spectroscopic Techniques for Determining the Peroxide Value of 19 Classes of Naturally Aged, Plant-Based Edible Oils
Authors: Ottaway Joshua M. , Carter J. Chance , Adams Kristl L , Camancho Joseph , Lavine Barry , Booksh Karl
Published: November 2020

The peroxide value (PV) of edible oils is a measure of the degree of oxidation, which directly relates to the freshness of the oil sample. Several studies previously reported in the literature have paired various spectroscopic techniques with multivariate analyses to rapidly determine PVs using field portable and process instrumentation; those efforts presented âbest-caseâ scenarios with oils from narrowly defined training and test sets. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the use of near- and mid-infrared absorption and Raman scattering spectroscopies on oil samples from different oil classes, including seasonal and vendor variations, to determine which measurement technique, or combination thereof, is best for predicting PVs. Following PV assays of each oil class using an established titration-based method, global and global-subset calibration models were constructed from spectroscopic data collected on the 19 oil classes used in this study. Spectra from each optical technique were used to create partial least squares regression (PLSR) calibration models to predict the PV of unknown oil samples. A global PV model based on near-infrared (8 mm optical path length â OPL) oil measurements produced the lowest RMSEP (4.9), followed by 24 mm OPL near infrared (5.1), Raman (6.9) and 50 Î¼m OPL mid-infrared (7.3). However, it was determined that the Raman RMSEP resulted from chance correlations. Global PV models based on low-level fusion of the NIR (8 and 24 mm OPL) data and all infrared data produced the same RMSEP of 5.1. Global subset models, based on any of the spectroscopies and olive oil training sets from any class (pure, extra light, extra virgin), all failed to extrapolate to the non-olive oils. However, the near-infrared global subset model built on extra virgin olive oil could extrapolate to test samples from other olive oil classes.
Gender differences in perceptions of policy advocacy activities among top executive leadership: Focusing on two types of South Korean social work organizations
Authors: Shin Junseob
Published: November 2020

This exploratory study examined gender differences in perceptions of policy advocacy activities performed by top executive leaders in social work organizations. A nationwide survey of 233 top executives from two types of social work organizations in South Korea revealed gender differences in the perception of the level of one’s policy advocacy activities, where male executives were more likely to recognize their policy advocacy performance activities than were female executives. These gender differences were also confirmed in multiple regression analyses, which showed that gender was the only significant determinant for all three dependent variables of policy advocacy activities.
IRT-Based Differential Item Functioning Analysis of the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory Across Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Youth
Authors: Huang Shiming , Peterson-Badali Michele , Jang Eunice Eunhee , Skilling Tracey A.
Published: November 2020

Even though risk assessments are routinely conducted in the criminal justice system to inform sentencing and case management, their cross-cultural applicability remains contested. This study investigated the generalizability of the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI), a widely implemented youth forensic risk assessment instrument, using an Item Response Theory framework, in a sample of Indigenous ( n = 205) and non-Indigenous ( n = 193) youth. Differential item functioning analyses demonstrated similar discrimination across groups. However, despite similar latent risk levels, non-Indigenous youth were more likely to have items from the Education domain endorsed, while Indigenous youth were more likely to have items from the Substance Abuse domain endorsed. Predictive accuracy analyses indicated that total YLS/CMI scores significantly predicted general recidivism (without administration of justice convictions) for non-Indigenous youth, but not for Indigenous youth. There is an urgent need for more research investigating the applicability of the YLS/CMI to diverse groups of Indigenous youth.
“The Land Is Mine” (Leviticus 25:23): Reimagining the Jubilee in the Context of the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict
Authors: Joseph Simon J.
Published: November 2020

The Jubilee tradition commemorates the release of slaves, the remission of debt, and the repatriation of property, a “day” of physical and spiritual restoration. The Jubilee tradition—originating in a constitutional vision of ancient Israel periodically restoring its ancestral sovereignty as custodians of the land—became a master symbol of biblical theology, a powerful ideological resource as well as a promise of a divinely realized future during the Second Temple period, when the Qumran community envisioned an eschatological Jubilee and the early Jesus tradition remembered Jesus’ nonviolence in Jubilee-terms. Jubilee themes can also be identified in ideals inscribed in the founding of America, the Abolition movement, the Women’s Liberation Movement, the Civil Rights movement, and Liberation Theology. This study seeks to extend the exploration of Jubilee themes by adopting a comparative methodological approach, re-examining Jubilee themes in the context of the contemporary Palestinian-Israeli conflict, where the dream of Peace in the Middle East continues to play out in predominantly politicized contexts.
Luke as the Master Architect of “God’s Plan”: An Analysis of a Distinctive Lucan Concept
Authors: Schmisek Brian
Published: November 2020

Luke is the singular evangelist to use the term “plan” ( boulē) (of God). He is also the only NT author to use the related terms horizō/ hōrismenos, and these he uses in a sense similar to “ boulē.” This article investigates Luke’s construction and use of the term “plan (of God)” to convey a fundamental proclamation of faith, namely, that the Jesus event fulfilled a predetermined divine plan. Primarily three examples from Luke (Peter’s Speech at Pentecost, Jesus’ words at the Last Supper, and the claim that the Messiah must suffer) demonstrate this claim. Luke’s use of this term reflects Greco-Roman concepts more than those in the LXX and would therefore have been readily understood by his predominantly Gentile audience. Luke may be properly understood as the master architect of God’s plan. This image and language that he forged was ultimately so effective it influenced centuries of Christian thought and catechetical formulae.
Barriers and Facilitators to Healthy Eating among Adult Food Bank Users
Authors: Bigand Teresa L. , Dietz Jeremy , Gubitz Hannah N. , Wilson Marian
Published: November 2020

Healthy eating relates to improved health, yet adult food bank users report difficulty accessing healthy foods. Registered nurses can promote healthy eating for food bank recipients by understanding perceived obstacles and facilitators. Urban food bank users completed a survey, and qualitative content analysis was used to analyze four open-ended questions regarding perceptions of healthy eating. In total, 196 adults were included in analysis. Two main categories were identified as perceived facilitators and barriers to healthy eating. Themes from the facilitator category included internal resources and external resources. Themes from the barrier category were personal challenges and environmental issues. Healthy eating is a complex behavior that requires personal motivation, skills, and social/environmental supports to be successfully executed among food bank recipients. Nurses should advocate to leverage food bank resources for healthier eating by offering nurtition counseling at events, optimizing access to fresh fruits and vegetables, and decreasing unhealthy food options.
Can we use smart-phones to increase physical affection, intimacy and security in couples? Preliminary support from an attachment perspective
Authors: Durbin Kerem Besim , Debrot Anik , Karremans Johan , van der Wal Reine
Published: November 2020

This study investigated whether physical affection is causally associated with momentary intimacy and security by manipulating physical affection. We used a GPS-based smart-phone application as ecological momentary intervention that prompted participants to show physical affection to their partner when they were in the same location. We also investigated whether attachment style and attachment functioning moderated the effects of the manipulation. Thirty-nine couples were assigned to experimental ( N = 20) and control ( N = 19) groups for 2 weeks. Multilevel dyadic data analysis revealed significantly higher momentary intimacy in the experimental group, even when spontaneous physical affection was controlled; there was no significant change for momentary security. While attachment style did not moderate the effect of manipulation for either outcome, attachment functioning significantly moderated the effect on security. This is the first study to show evidence that physical affection, when instructed by a device, is causally linked to increased momentary intimacy in daily life.
International Roughness Index Thresholds Based on Whole-Body Vibration in Passenger Cars
Authors: Múčka Peter
Published: November 2020

This study analyzed whole-body vibration (WBV) on a car seat (seat surface and feet) in passenger cars as a function of longitudinal road roughness. Measurements were provided on nine different cars in six categories and included a total travel distance of 1,860 km. The root mean square (RMS) of the frequency-weighted acceleration was used to quantify WBV. The relationship between seat acceleration response and comfort reactions according to the ISO 2631-1 and the International Roughness Index (IRI) was estimated. IRI thresholds were proposed as a function of vehicle speed and road category. Proposed IRI thresholds decreased with vehicle velocity and were similar with published IRI threshold proposals based on simulation. IRI thresholds as a function of speed limit should decrease with power by approximately –0.75. Substantially lower (by ~ 40%) IRI thresholds were calculated for the total vibration value (six signals) in comparison with vertical vibration on the seat surface.
Canadian Association of Radiologists White Paper on De-identification of Medical Imaging: Part 2, Practical Considerations
Authors: Parker William , Jaremko Jacob L. , Cicero Mark , Azar Marleine , El-Emam Khaled , Gray Bruce G. , Hurrell Casey , Lavoie-Cardinal Flavie , Desjardins Benoit , Lum Andrea , Sheremeta Lori , Lee Emil , Reinhold Caroline , Tang An , Bromwich Rebecca
Published: November 2020

The application of big data, radiomics, machine learning, and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in radiology requires access to large data sets containing personal health information. Because machine learning projects often require collaboration between different sites or data transfer to a third party, precautions are required to safeguard patient privacy. Safety measures are required to prevent inadvertent access to and transfer of identifiable information. The Canadian Association of Radiologists (CAR) is the national voice of radiology committed to promoting the highest standards in patient-centered imaging, lifelong learning, and research. The CAR has created an AI Ethical and Legal standing committee with the mandate to guide the medical imaging community in terms of best practices in data management, access to health care data, de-identification, and accountability practices. Part 2 of this article will inform CAR members on the practical aspects of medical imaging de-identification, strengths and limitations of de-identification approaches, list of de-identification software and tools available, and perspectives on future directions.
Dating Violence Among Rural Adolescents: Perpetration and Victimization by Gender
Authors: Taylor Sarah , Xia Yan
Published: November 2020

Adolescent dating violence (ADV) is a serious concern with various negative impacts on adolescent development. Research on ADV has predominantly been conducted in urban areas and has generally focused on physical and sexual forms of violence. The purpose of this study was to assess prevalence rates of various forms of ADV by gender in the rural context. A convenience sample of rural adolescents responded to an online survey. In total, 131 responses were used for this study. Participants reported perpetration and victimization experiences of physical abuse, sexual abuse, threatening behavior, relational aggression, verbal abuse, and cyber dating abuse. Descriptive statistics and chi-square analyses were used to determine gender differences in proportion and frequency of ADV. Results reveal that various forms of ADV are occurring in the rural context, with many of both males and females reporting perpetration and victimization. Overall, verbal and cyber ADV are the most common. Gender analysis reveals that males were significantly more likely to be victimized by physical abuse victimization, whereas females were significantly more likely to be victimized by sexual abuse. Though the proportion of adolescents reporting ADV were high in this study, most participants reported lower frequencies of ADV. Results support the urgent need in rural areas for education and prevention that target physical, sexual, and psychological components of healthy relationships. Rural dating violence prevention efforts must emphasize the importance of mutual respect across gender, rather than solely presenting this lesson to males in a traditional gendered manner. Results also suggest the need for rural areas to adopt comprehensive sex education that details sexual relationships that are consensual and healthy.
Specialized Pharmacist Roles and Perspectives in the Collaborative Management of COVID-19
Authors: Skoglund Erik , Ayoub Joelle , Nguyen Huan Mark
Published: November 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic poses a multitude of unprecedented challenges to the healthcare system and broader public policy arena. Comprehensive guidelines and recommendations have been slow to develop as each community and medical institution face unique challenges due to a dissimilarity in demographics and resources. We seek to describe the experience at our institution to highlight challenges that others may encounter with an emphasis on the value that specialized pharmacists can provide at various levels of the healthcare system.
Prescribing Pattern of Oral Anticoagulants in Patients With Obesity
Authors: Falk Kristina , McComb Meghan N. , Shapiro Nancy L. , Uppuluri Ellen M.
Published: November 2020

Introduction:

There is limited efficacy and safety data for direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in patients with obesity, and it has been suggested to avoid DOACs in this patient population.

Objective:

Describe the prescribing pattern of oral anticoagulants in obese patients in an urban university setting and assess efficacy, safety, and adherence.

Methods:

Retrospective, cohort study in patients ≥18 years with a history of VTE and/or atrial fibrillation. Patients with a BMI >40 kg/m2 and/or weight >120 kilograms and a prescription for warfarin or a DOAC from August 25, 2014 until August 25, 2017 are included. The primary outcome is the number of warfarin or DOAC prescriptions. Secondary outcomes include thromboembolism and bleeding events. Patient adherence was evaluated using time in therapeutic range (TTR), adherence rate to clinic appointments, and medication possession ratio (MPR).

Results:

Of the 276 patients who met eligibility criteria, 158 (57.2%) were prescribed warfarin and 118 (42.8%) were prescribed a DOAC. There was no difference in the rate of stroke or recurrent VTE between groups (3.2% vs. 3.4%, p = 0.944). There was also no difference in the rate of bleeding between groups (16.1% vs. 17.8%, p = 0.707). The TTR for the warfarin group was 44.8 ± 23%, and appointment adherence was 78.6 ± 20%. The MPR for the DOAC group was 0.93 ± 0.24.

Conclusions:

Despite limited data in obese patients, DOACs are prescribed in this population. Results suggest no difference in safety and efficacy compared to warfarin, but barriers to quality anticoagulation may exist in this population.
An integrated analysis of productivity, hole quality and cost estimation of single-pulse laser drilling process
Authors: Sarfraz Shoaib , Shehab Essam , Salonitis Konstantinos , Suder Wojciech , Niamat Misbah , Jamil Muhammad
Published: November 2020

Laser drilling is a well-established manufacturing process utilised to produce holes in various aeroengine components. This research presents an experimental investigation on the effects of laser drilling process parameters on productivity (material removal rate), hole quality (hole taper) and drilling cost. Single-pulse drilling was employed to drill a thin-walled Inconel 718 superalloy plate of 1 mm thickness using pulsed Nd:YAG laser. The experiments were designed using Box-Behnken statistical approach to investigate the impacts of pulse energy, pulse duration, gas pressure and gas flow rate on the selected responses. Multi-objective optimisation was performed using response surface methodology (RSM) based grey rational analysis (GRA) to identify optimal drilling conditions aiming to maximise the MRR and minimise hole taper and drilling cost. The optimal combination of drilling parameters was found as pulse energy of 20 J, pulse duration of 6 ms, gas pressure of 100 psi and gas flow rate of 40 mm3/s. A detailed cost analysis identified labour cost, gas consumption and machine costs as the major cost elements of the laser drilling process.
Dynamical properties about ultrasonic vibration assisted drilling of TiBw/TC4 composite
Authors: Feng Yong , Wang Haoxiang , Zhang Min , Zhu Zihao , Wang Xiaoyu , Jia Binhui , Jia Xiaolin
Published: November 2020

TiBw / TC4 composite material was used as the machining object of Ultrasonic vibration assisted drilling (UVAD), the single directional three-degree-of-freedom dynamical system model was established. The dynamic signal test and analysis system was used for modal experiment to identify the parameters in the model. Under the condition of dry cutting, the drilling axial force and tool vibration in the drilling process are studied. The results showed that the maximum values of the predicted and measured axial drilling force were 412.5N and 439.6N respectively, and the error rate was 6.165%, which verified the reliability of the predicted axial drilling force model. For cutting tools, the average amplitudes of simulated vibration and measured vibration were 0.1124mm and 0.1151mm respectively, with a difference of 2.402%, and the overall trends were the same, which verifies the reliability of the dynamical model. Finally, the stability of drilling process was analyzed, and the frequency and amplitude of ultrasonic vibration were analyzed. The results show that in order to expand the unconditional stability region, it is more efficient to increase the amplitude than to increase the frequency.
“Before I am biologically a male, I am me”: Exploring gender identity of South Korean male exotic polers
Authors: Kim Yunjung , Kwon Sun Yong
Published: November 2020

The field of sports has traditionally been a domain that practices and reinforces masculinity. However, in contemporary literature, observations and experiences of males in sports have expanded their ideas on masculinity as well as gender identity. Furthermore, there is an increase in males participating in non-orthodox masculine physical activities, most of which are known as “gender appropriate” for females such as cheerleading, dance, gymnastics, etc. Recently, pole dance – a stigmatized female-oriented activity – has become a newly introduced activity in the sports scene and one in which males are gradually engaging in worldwide. In the case of Korea, the phenomenon of men taking part in female-concentrated activities is not common; however, there are a rising number of male pole dancers visible through national competitions and media sources. Therefore, this study explores the experiences of Korean male exotic pole dance practitioners to understand how they define gender identity whilst participating in a highly female-oriented activity. It was found that research participants articulated beyond their biological sex and practice not to conform to social gender roles, and rather emphasized their manifested identity of individual self. Despite Korea’s cultural and traditional aspects of gender norms, this study establishes a broader segment of gender ideas and expands the understanding of various identities spoken among male polers.
A Pilot Study to Explore Novice Debriefers’ Post-Simulation Debriefing Experiences
Authors: Ng Grace , Lugassy Daniel M.
Published: November 2020

Introduction.

Effective debriefing of simulation-based experiences is critical for learning. Approximately 33% of health professions instructors are debriefing novices. However, specific faculty development needs of novice debriefers has not been studied. This study examines how health professions instructors approach debriefing when they are new to debriefing simulation-based experiences.

Methods.

This pilot qualitative study used a thematic analysis approach to explore novice debriefers’ experiences in conducting post-simulation debriefings. Eligible participants engaged in one-hour semi-structured interviews. Recruitment continued until data saturation was reached. We reviewed verbatim interview transcripts, hand-coded the data, and formed codes into themes.

Results.

Nine novice debriefers participated. The overarching theme “I’m on my own…and they’re on their own,” reflects debriefers’ view that they are on their own, without resources. Debriefers also believe learners should identifying their own errors. Three main themes emerged: “Deep divide between me and the learners” portrays a separation between debriefers and learners in terms of expectations, roles, and responsibilities. “Winging it” depicts debriefers’ making-up their own debriefing approaches. “Debriefing quality: missing pieces of the puzzle” portrays novice debriefers unaware of criteria for effective debriefing.

Conclusions.

Novice debriefers in this study perceived that they were on their own, having little to no debriefing training and mentorship. Study participants expressed debriefing struggles in several areas including discussing errors, facilitating learner participation, and assessing debriefing quality. Our findings shed light on simulation as a growing specialty by health profession educators and it is critical that resources are devoted to faculty development for debriefing skill acquisition. These findings can serve as a basis for future studies on debriefer skill acquisition.
A Clear and Consistent Focus on Students: Principals’ Perceptions of the Role of School Counselors
Authors: Lewis Travis , Jones Karen D. , Militello Matthew , Meisenhelder Randy
Published: November 2020

As greater emphasis is placed on addressing critical school issues such as school-based mental health, violence prevention, and the effects of trauma, the utilization of school counselors should be examined to ensure that these uniquely-trained professionals are mobilized by school administrators to engage these issues. Q methodology was employed to explore how a convenience sampling of 32 current principals across varying demographics and grade levels conceptualize the role of the school counselor. The results of this study provide a rich understanding of how principals view school counselors in relation to the needs of their respective school communities. Evident is a clear and consistent emphasis of principals on the need for school counselors to have a strong rapport with their students. Discussed are additional steps that may be considered in further advancing the relationships between these two types of professionals, as well as insights to inform school principal preparation programs in how school leaders can appropriately utilize student services personnel.