bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enterprise Transformation Projects-Cloud Transformation Concept Holistic Security Integration (CTC-HSI)
Authors: Trad Antoine
Published: January 2023

This chapter presents the fundaments of the Cloud Transformation Concept (CTC) and this concept is a basic component of the author’s transformation framework and in complex transformation projects, where a holistic security concept is a top priority. The implementation of CTC’s Holistic Security Integration (CTCHSI) is supported by the author’s Applied Holistic Mathematical Model (AHMM) for CTC (AHMM4CTC) and his various research works on Holistic Security Integration (HSI), Business Process Management (BPM), Artificial Intelligence (AI), AI Services (AIS), Compute Services (CS), Mathematical Models, cross-functional transformations projects. The AHMM4CTC is based on cross-functional research on an authentic and proprietary mixed research method supported by his own version of an AI learning model, a search tree, combined with an internal heuristic algorithm. In this chapter, the focus is on CTC-HSI’s integration concepts, requirements, services, data management, and corresponding transformation security strategies. The proposed AHMM4CTC-based CTC-HSI is a concept for secured environments, which use real-life cases of a transformation project, which needs scalable and secured Cloud Platform’s (CP) infrastructure and services layer, that are supported by the alignment of CP services, standards, enterprise architecture paradigm, and security development strategies. In a CP-based transformation project, the author recommends integrating a Private CP (PCP); which can use commercial CPs like the Google CP (GCP). The GCP was chosen as a sample CP, but there is a need to define a standardized security architecture and concept/procedures so that the organization builds its own CTC-HSI-based PCP and has to avoid locked-in commercial products.
A Study on the Effect of CPTED Factors on Residents' Housing Satisfaction
Authors:   Korea Real Estate Society, Han Hyung-ju , Kwan Dae-jung
Published: January 2023

Rapid urbanization is causing an increase in the poor, a breakdown in the sense of community, and anincrease in the crime rate, thereby lowering the level of housing welfare for residents. One of the socialefforts to solve these housing quality problems is 'Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design(CPTED)', an attempt to prevent criminal behavior through environmental improvement. In addition tothe study on the causal effect of persimmons, we tried to understand the effect of CPTED factors on'housing satisfaction'. To this end, the implications and empirical analysis of the CPTED project in Korea shown in thecurrent status and case studies were analyzed to analyze the impact of CPTED on housing satisfactionand future development plans as follows. First, the future direction of the CPTED project should not only improve physical facilities centered oncrime prevention but also link projects that can improve the quality of housing. Second, continuous policy support is needed so that CPTED is not a one-time policy or concentratedon specific areas and buildings. Third, as a result of the empirical analysis, it was possible to confirm the mediating effect of 'crimesafety' in each factor model. Therefore, it is necessary to induce the participation of residents, who arethe driving force for continuing and directly benefiting from the project effects, rather than being led bythe public or developer.
A Study on the Impact of the 1st New Town Reorganization Announcement on Apartment Prices in Ilsan New Town
Authors:   Korea Real Estate Society, Bae Wang , Lee Choonwon
Published: January 2023

This study empirically analyzed the impact of the announcement of the 1st new town redevelopmentplan on the price of apartments subject to redevelopment in Ilsan New Town. The actual transaction ofapartments over 30 years ago was turned into data, and a trend analysis and multiple regression analysiswere conducted. First, the transaction volume of Ilsan New Town is similar to that of the entire city of Goyang, but theactual transaction price is higher than the average of the entire city of Goyang. It seems that thelocation conditions, such as the subway station, are relatively good, and there are expectations forreorganization. Second, as a result of multiple regression analysis, the variables that have a positive (+) effect on theapartment price are the number of households, exclusive area, number of floors, and distance to thesubway station. Consistent with previous studies, it was found that the closer the apartment is, the moreit has a positive effect on the apartment price. The results of this study suggest that the announcement of the 1st phase of new town reorganizationis not a continuous factor influencing apartment sales prices in the Ilsan area, but appears to have beenreflected in housing price fluctuations as a short-term shock. It is presumed to be the reason for thecalm of anxiety and the return to wait-and-see attitude.
INVESTIGANDO EL APRENDIZAJE DOCENTE SITUADO Y MOVILIZADO EN LAS FASES DE DESARROLLO DE UNA COMUNIDAD DE PRÁCTICA
Authors: Tinti Douglas da Silva , Manrique Ana Lúcia
Published: January 2023

Este artículo tiene como objetivo investigar el aprendizaje docente situado y movilizado en las diferentes etapas de desarrollo de la Comunidad de Práctica (CoP). Esta es una investigación participativa que se consideró como un instrumento para la recolección de datos de audio de las reuniones y diferentes producciones escritas de los miembros de la CoP. Al exponer una investigación asumida en una perspectiva longitudinal, se optó por presentar los aprendizajes de enseñanza identificados en cuadros resumen. Los aprendizajes identificados en la Fase Potencial fueron movilizados por el compromiso de los miembros de la CoP con los proyectos que se propusieron. En la Fase de Expansión, se observa que el aprendizaje converge a un proceso de negociación de significados en relación a los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje de las Matemáticas. Y en la Fase de Madurez, los miembros se involucraron en un movimiento para retomar las experiencias vividas en la CoP, para transformarlas en Informes de Práctica. Así, concluimos que los aprendizajes situados y movilizados en las fases de desarrollo de la comunidad de práctica fueron múltiples y convergentes al concepto de aprender en y para la enseñanza.
LA ARGUMENTACIÓN EN LA ENSEÑANZA DE LAS MATEMÁTICAS: UN ESTUDIO A PARTIR DEL MANUAL DEL PROFESOR DEL LIBRO DIDÁCTICO
Authors: Silva Regina Coelly Mendes , Noronha Claudianny Amorim , Silva Marcia Gorette
Published: January 2023

La argumentación en la educación básica ha sido señalada como un objetivo relevante ya sea por diferentes autores o en documentos o pruebas oficiales como el ENEM. Por otro lado, existen diferentes perspectivas de la argumentación, ya sea como producto o como proceso. Wenzel (1990) propone una de ellas como retórica, dialéctica o analítica. Presentamos aquí un análisis realizado en los Manuales del Profesor de los libros de texto de matemáticas de secundaria utilizados en la ciudad de Rio Tinto, Paraíba-Brasil, con el fin de identificar la perspectiva teórica de la argumentación presente en las actividades. Para ello, se elaboró ​​un guion de análisis a partir del marco teórico adoptado. Los resultados muestran que las estrategias sugeridas al docente no son consistentes con los objetivos de la actividad con relación al desarrollo de la argumentación. Concluimos que, mientras los libros y documentos legales reconocen la importancia de desarrollar la argumentación en la escuela, no existen lineamientos para el trabajo del profesor de matemáticas en el aula.
ANÁLISIS ETNOMATEMÁTICO DE LAS FOTOGRAFÍAS DE AFICHES Y SU CONTRIBUCIÓN PARA LA ENSEÑANZA Y APRENDIZAJE DEL CONCEPTO DE DISTANCIA
Authors: Rodríguez-Nieto Camilo Andrés , Nuñez-Gutierrez Karina
Published: January 2023

Este artículo presenta un análisis de las fotografías de afiches que evidencian el potencial del concepto de distancia y actividades universales asociadas en el contexto de la pandemia generada por la COVID-19. Teóricamente se fundamentó en la Etnomatemática que valora las matemáticas implícitas en prácticas culturales e inmersas en artefactos u objetos elaborados por el ser humano. La metodología fue cualitativa basada en un análisis de contenido, donde se analizaron las fotografías tomadas en México, Colombia y Panamá, sobre las medidas de prevención de distanciamiento social. Los resultados muestran que la COVID-19 ha impactado en la cultura y educación del ser humano para mantener un buen estado de salud, lo cual se ha visto reflejado en los avisos o afiches pegados en diversos lugares, que manifiestan la importancia del concepto de distancia y conexiones entre unidades de medidas de longitud (convencionales y no convencionales). El uso de estos afiches puede ser útil para la enseñanza y aprendizaje de las matemáticas en especial para abordar el concepto de distancia, promover conexiones entre actividades universales y sistemas de medidas.
Combining the best of both worlds: radical-based divergent total synthesis
Authors: Gennaiou Kyriaki , Kelesidis Antonios , Kourgiantaki Maria , Zografos Alexandros L
Published: January 2023

A mature science, combining the art of the total synthesis of complex natural structures and the practicality of delivering highly diverged lead compounds for biological screening, is the constant aim of the organic chemistry community. Delivering natural lead compounds became easier during the last two decades, with the evolution of green chemistry and the concepts of atom economy and protecting-group-free synthesis dominating the field of total synthesis. In this new era, total synthesis is moving towards natural efficacy by utilizing both the biosynthetic knowledge of divergent synthesis and the latest developments in radical chemistry. This contemporary review highlights recent total syntheses that incorporate the best of both worlds.
Sobrevivencia de plantas nativas forestales para la reforestación en áreas perturbadas por actividades agropecuarias en el ejido de Arellano, Champotón, Campeche, México
Authors: Martín Canché Blanca del Rosario , Vanoye Eligio Maximiliano , Dzib Rangel Hulda Adassa , Avilés Ramírez Gerardo , Alavez Góngora José Alberto
Published: January 2023

Los pobladores de la comunidad de Arellano, perteneciente al municipio de Champotón, Campeche, tienen como actividades económicas principales la agricultura de temporal y la ganadería bovina y vacuna, generando suelos pobres y amplias zonas desprovistas de vegetación forestal, por lo que se hace necesario llevar a cabo acciones de reforestación para la recuperación de dichas áreas perturbadas. Por lo anterior, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue obtener plantas nativas de la regeneración natural del Cedro rojo, Passaque, Ramón y Ciricote en selva baja del Ejido de Arellano. Las especies seleccionadas fueron llevadas a vivero para aclimatarlas para determinar el porcentaje de sobrevivencia antes de ser llevadas a campo, de igual manera, la actividad de reforestación consistió utilizando dos tratamientos con diferentes sustratos, el primero a base de cosmopit orgánico y el segundo únicamente de tierra cernida. Se hicieron muestreos quincenales durante cinco meses (marzo-agosto), para evaluar el crecimiento de las plantas, en cuanto a la altura, grosor del tallo y copa foliar, así como determinar el porcentaje de sobrevivencia en campo. Los resultados indican que el Passaque tuvo un mayor índice de sobrevivencia presentando un porcentaje de un 24.68%, ramón con un 24.36%, ciricote con un 9.13% a diferencia de las demás especies. Asimismo, se observó que la especie que más creció y se desarrolló en campo fue el ciricote, presentando un 30 % en desarrollo foliar, que fue considerada como la especie con mejor adaptación y la más demandante en luz solar, a diferencia del cedro rojo que presentó un alto porcentaje de mortandad. Es importante mencionar que la participación comunitaria es fundamental, en la ejecución de este tipo de proyecto, ya que la comunidad participó satisfactoriamente en cada etapa, del proceso.
Estudio del desempeño docente mediante el desarrollo de las competencias digitales mediante las herramientas TIC en las escuelas del nivel primario
Authors: Cotohuanca Cruz Sujeidy Maria
Published: January 2023

El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la incidencia de la competencia digital y herramientas en el desempeño docente, para lo cual se empleó la metodología de enfoque cuantitativo, investigación tipo básica, diseño no experimental, de corte transversal y nivel descriptivo correlacional causal. Se empleó la técnica muestra no probabilística conformada por 85 docentes de instituciones educativas públicas de Chincha, los mismo que procedieron a responder los tres cuestionarios, cuyo resultado se empleó el estadístico de regresión lineal ordinal; las que establecen una relación positiva moderada de las variables predictoras competencia digital y herramientas tecnológicas en el desempeño docente. Concluyéndose la existencia incidencia significativa de la competencia digital y herramientas tic en el desempeño docente en instituciones educativas del nivel Primario, Chincha Alta – 2022.
Evaluation of Spleen Stiffness Using Point Shear Wave Elastography in Healthy Individuals
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Sevim , CAN Tuba Selçuk , YILMAZ Behice Kaniye , TURKAY Rüştü
Published: January 2023

Aim: Sonoelastography is a non-invasive imaging method used to evaluate the mechanical properties of any tissue. The clinical value of method, the usage of which is increasingly prevailing, is gradually increasing and on account of having newly entered the application field, it is becoming a potential in the research area. Shear wave (SW) propagates faster in stiffer and lower elastic tissues. Studies on liver fibrosis musculoskeletal, breast, prostate, testis, and thyroid nodules accept this principle. In this study, aimed to determine the average values using the point shear wave elastography (pSWE) technique in normal healthy individuals and to determine the relationship of these values with age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and the spleen dimensions.Method: In 2019, patients who had visited the internal medicine service and those who have been directed to this clinics for grayscale ultrasound (US) for various reasons are voluntarily included in the study. The research was carried out consecutively on the same day by two specialist doctors who had 10 and 15 years of experience in ultrasonography and 3-year experience in elastography.Results: 39 (39%) of the 100 patients who participated in the study were men, and 61 (61%) were women. And the ages varied between 32-75 years (y) (54,5±9,5). The average spleen stiffness was found to be 89,2±43,3 kilopascal (kPa) (14,2-152,3) by the first observer and 89,4±41,1 kPa (14,4-151,1) by the second observer.Conclusion: To facilitate the common clinical usage and to evaluate the change in the stiffness of the spleen in different patients, first of all, it is required to determine the normal values of the stiffness of the spleen in healthy individuals using sonoelastography. In this study, the average spleen parenchyma stiffness was detected as higher than in previous studies. The values obtained in this study can be used to function as a comparison to determine the spleen stiffness. They can be used as referential to examine the different spleen pathologies in the clinical environments that use Esaote myLab device and pSWE method.
Esnaf Lokantalarında Kullanılan Kesme/Doğrama Tahtalarının Gıda Güvenliği Açısından Değerlendirilmesi: İstanbul Örneği
Authors: ÇETİN Ayşe Seray , DOĞAN Murat
Published: January 2023

Amaç: Çalışma, gastronomi kültürünün vazgeçilmez bir unsuru olan esnaf lokantalarında gerçekleşmesi olası kritik halk sağlığı ve gıda güvenliği risklerinin başında gelen kesme/doğrama tahtalarından kaynaklı mikrobiyal risklerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Yöntem: Çalışma kapsamında İstanbul’un ilçeleri Büyükçekmece, Çatalca ve Silivri’de faaliyet gösteren esnaf lokantalarının mutfaklarında kullanılan kesme/doğrama tahtaların yüzeylerinden steril swap ile mikrobiyolojik numuneler alınmıştır. Numuneler uygun sıcaklık ve sürede inkübasyona bırakılarak, toplam mezofilik aerobik bakteri, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli ve küf-maya sayımı yapılmıştır.Bulgular: Kesme/doğrama tahtalarının yüzeylerinden alınan mikrobiyolojik numunelerde Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, toplam mezofil aerob bakteri sayısı ve küf - maya sayısının ortalamaları sırasıyla 0,74; 0,61; 1,53 ve 1,21 logkob/10 cm2 tespit edilmiştir. Numunelerde değişik sayılarda Staphylococcus aureus tespit edilmesi personel kaynaklı bir kontaminasyona ve yine değişik sayılarda Escherichia coli tespit edilmesi ise fekal kaynaklı bir kontaminasyona işaret etmektedir.Sonuç: Esnaf lokantalarının gıda güvenliği uygulamalarından biri olan iyi üretim uygulamalarına yeterince uyulmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Esnaf lokantalarında gıda güvenliğinin tamamen sağlanabilmesi için Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point - Tehlike Analizleri ve Kritik Kontrol Noktaları (HACCP) gibi gıda güvenliği kontrol sistemlerinin de etkin şekilde uygulanması gerektiğini ifade etmek mümkündür.
The Evaluation of Malignancy Rates of Nondiagnostic Cases in Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspirations
Authors: ERDEM Zeynep Betül , ERDOĞAN DURMUŞ Şenay , BARUT Hamit Yücel
Published: January 2023

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to investigate the malignancy rates of nondiagnostic (ND) thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) material by evaluating either the result of the second FNAC or resection/biopsy materials.Method: Among the 1165 thyroid FNAC cases evaluated in the Pathology Department of Başakşehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital within 9 months (October 2020-June 2021), 102 cases (8,7%) diagnosed with ND were included in the study. At the end of the 6-15 months follow-up period after the diagnosis of ND, the results of the second FNAC or resection (thyroidectomy, lobectomy)/biopsy of the cases were evaluated. Diameter and sonographic features of thyroid nodules (solid, cystic, mixed) were also noted.Results: 49% of the cases (n:50) had a second FNAC. Resection/biopsy was performed in only 12 (11,8%) cases. Of these 62 cases, 39 were diagnosed by second FNAC and 7 by resection/biopsy as benign (74,1%), and 5 cases were diagnosed as malignant by resection/biopsy. 7 cases were diagnosed as nondiagnostic again after the second FNAC. Final diagnosis (by resection) of the case whose second FNAC result was reported as suspicious for malignancy was papillary microcarcinoma. This case was included in the group ‘diagnosed as malignant only by resection/biopsy. In other words, malignancy was detected in 5 of 62 patients who underwent a second FNAC or resection/biopsy. The risk of malignancy was found to be 8% in the patient population included in the study with the diagnosis of ND.Conclusion: A low rate of NE results were found in this ultrasound-guided thyroid series (8,7%). After the second FNAC or resection, malignancy rates was found to be 8%. Although this result is compatible with the results of some studies, it is considerably lower than others. It would be appropriate to follow up on ND nodules with their clinical/sonographic features. Additional studies with large series will be more helpful in determining the malignancy rates of the ND group.
Sağlık Kurumlarında Personel Seçme Yöntemlerinin Önemi
Authors: KARALİNÇ Turgay
Published: January 2023

Sağlık kurumları, gelecek planlamalarını sağlıklı bir temele oturtabilmeleri için, doğru stratejiler belirlemeli ve bu yönde doğru kararlar almalıdır. Bunun için ise doğru insan kaynakları planlaması yapılmalı ve doğru insan kaynağı seçimi yapılmalıdır. Personel seçimi bütün işletmeler için büyük önem taşımaktadır. Personel seçiminde en büyük maliyet yanlış personel seçimidir. Yanlış seçilen personel işe alım, eğitim, oryantasyon ve bu süreçteki bütün maliyetlerin ikinci bir defa daha yaşanmasına ve bu süreçteki bütün ekiplerin zaman maliyetlerine tekrar katlanılmasına neden olmaktadır. Küreselleşmenin ve rekabetin hızla arttığı günümüzde işletmeler rekabete ayak uydurabilecek personel istihdamını yapmaları gerekmektedir. Rekabet avantajı sağlayabilecek personel seçimi için personel seçim yöntemleri önem arz etmektedir. İşletmeler doğru personel seçimi ile birlikte doğru stratejiler belirleyebilir ve rekabetin ve küreselleşmenin arttığı piyasa koşullarında rekabet sağlayabilir ve hayatta kalabilirler. İşletmelerde uzmanlaşmış insan kaynakları yönetimi, işletmelerin gelecek stratejilerini etkileyecek ve işletmelerin sistemlerini ve süreçlerini olumlu yönde etkileyecek doğru insan kaynağını temin etmekte önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu süreç, uzman insan kaynakları yönetiminin öngörüsünü ortaya koyması ile gerçekleşebilmektedir. Bundan dolayı insan kaynakları yönetimi personel seçimi yaparken sadece ihtiyaç olan bir pozisyonun işe alım süreci değil aynı zamanda işletmenin gelecek stratejilerinin belirlenmesinde ve sürdürülebilmesinde önemli rol oynayacak insan kaynağının teminini de sağlamaktadır.
20-55 Yaş Arası Kadınların Beden Algılarının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ERGÜN Can , MERAL KOC Bilge , KALEOĞLU Selin
Published: January 2023

Amaç: Beden algısı, algılanan ile sahip olunan vücut ağırlığı arasındaki uyum olup beden algısındaki bozulmalar duygu durum bozukluğu, depresyon, yeme bozuklukları, obezite, aşırı artmış fiziksel aktivite gibi olumsuz durumlara zemin oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı 20-55 yaş arası kadınların beden algısının ve beden memnuniyetinin değerlendirilmesidir.Yöntem: Çalışmaya 20-55 yaşları arasında 236 kadın katılmıştır. Çalışmada katılımcılardan antropometrik ölçümler, sosyodemografik özellikler ve obeziteye dair bilgi düzeyinin belirlenmesine yönelik bilgiler alınmıştır. Beden algılarının saptanması için belirli Beden Kütle İndeksi (BKİ) değerlerine sahip 1’den 6’ya kadar sıralanmış kimliksiz silüetler katılımcılar tarafından kişilik, sağlık, sosyal özelliklerine göre değerlendirilmiştir.Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan kadınların %65,3’ünde beden ağırlığı memnuniyetsizliği olduğu; memnun olmayanların %92,2’sinin ise ağırlık kaybetmek istedikleri gözlemlenmiştir. Katılımcılar düşük BKİ’ye sahip silüetleri kişilik, sosyal, sağlık yönünden daha olumlu özellikler ile eşleştirmiştir. Beden memnuniyetsizliğinin ve bozuk beden ağırlığı algısının artan BKİ, yaş, kronik hastalık durumu ile anlamlı bir biçimde ilişkili olduğu; eğitim düzeyi, meslek grubu, fiziksel aktivite düzeyi, obeziteye dair bilgi düzeyi ile anlamlı bir ilişkisi olmadığı saptanmıştır.Sonuç: Kadınların çoğunda bozuk beden algısı olduğu daha ince bir vücut görünümünü idealleştirdikleri, hafif şişman silüetleri obez olarak niteledikleri tespit edilmiştir.
Ameliyat Öncesi ve Sonrası Dönemde Yapılan Uygulamaların ERAS Protokolüne Uygunluğunun Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: YAYLA Ayşegül , ESKİCİ Vesile , AY Emrah , ÖZER Nadiye , KURT Gülfidan
Published: January 2023

Amaç: Bu çalışma, ameliyat öncesi ve sonrası dönemde yapılan uygulamaların ERAS (Enhanced Recovery After Surgery) protokolüne uygunluğunun değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır.Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı-kesitsel nitelikte tasarlanan araştırma, Ocak – Temmuz 2019 tarihleri arasında bir üniversitenin Sağlık Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezinin cerrahi kliniklerinde yürütülmüştür. Ameliyatı planlanan, çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden 863 hasta araştırma örneklemini oluşturmuştur. Veriler, araştırmacılar tarafından literatür doğrultusunda hazırlanan anket formu, Vizüel Analog Skala ve Bulantı Sayısal Ölçeği ile yüz yüze görüşme yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Veriler, SPSS 20.0 paket programında tanımlayıcı istatistikler kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir.Bulgular: Çalışmadaki hastaların tamamının ameliyat öncesi dönemde oral karbonhidrat almadığı, ameliyat öncesi aç kalma sürelerinin 10,55±6,91 saat olduğu ve hastalara premedikasyon uygulanmadığı belirlenmiştir. Hastaların ameliyat sonrası; ilk sıvı alma zamanı ortalamasının 10,45±15,44 saat, ilk katı gıda alma zamanı ortalamasının 18,70±29,23 saat olduğu, ilk mobilizasyon süresinin 19,02±21,39 saat, nazogastrik sonda kalış süresi ortalamasının 29,33±28,80 saat, drenin kalış süresi ortalamasının 54,30±28,06 saat, üriner kateter kalış süresi ortalamasının 49,51±27,40 saat olduğu saptanmıştır.Sonuç: Çalışma sonucunda ERAS protokollerine uyumun istenilen düzeyde olmadığı ve sağlık çalışanlarına ERAS’la uyumlu olmayan uygulamalarla ilgili eğitim verilmesi önerilebilir.
Desarrollo de un laboratorio automotriz inmersivo en realidad virtual y de un manual en realidad aumentada para la formación de estudiantes de ingeniería
Authors:   Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Campus Hidalgo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, Hernández Chávez Macaria , Fabila Bustos Diego Adrián ,   Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Campus Hidalgo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, Cortés Caballero José Miguel ,   Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Campus Hidalgo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, Pérez Martínez Ángel Admin ,   Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Campus Hidalgo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México
Published: January 2023

Se desarrolló una aplicación en Realidad Virtual de un Laboratorio Virtual Automotriz para ser utilizada como estrategia de enseñanza-aprendizaje virtual inmersiva para lentes de Realidad Virtual Oculus Rift S y a través de los sensores infrarrojos Leap Motion ControllerTM. También se desarrolló un Manual Interactivo 3D en Realidad Aumentada portable para ser utilizado en el Sistema Operativo Android de las partes de un motor de combustión de cuatro tiempos y de su funcionamiento con el ciclo termodinámico Otto. Estas aplicaciones están enfocadas a estudiantes de los primeros semestres del programa académico de Ingeniería en Sistemas Automotrices, como una herramienta de enseñanza-aprendizaje práctica en el contexto de la Educación 4.0 y bajo los pilares de la Industria 4.0; aplicables en el trabajo a distancia provocado por la pandemia provocada por la COVID-19 que mantiene cerradas las instituciones educativas desde marzo de 2020.
Lagarto: Un proyecto para el desarrollo de CPUps y aceleradores hardware con ISA de código abierto para la academia, la investigación y la industria
Authors:   Centro de Investigación en Computación-IPN, México, Ramírez Salinas Marco Antonio , Villa Vargas Luis Alfonso ,   Centro de Investigación en Computación-IPN, México, Moll Echeto Francesc ,   Universidad Politècnica de Catalunya, España, Terés Téres Lluís ,   Centro Nacional de Microelectrónica IMB-CNM (CSIC), España, Moretó Miquel ,   Centro Nacional de Supercomputación-BSC, España, Kestelman Adrian Cristal ,   Centro Nacional de Supercomputación-BSC, España, Valero Cortes Mateo ,   Centro Nacional de Supercomputación-BSC, España
Published: January 2023

Lagarto, es un proyecto para el diseño de CPU‘s que inicio en 2010 y que con- tinúa en desarrollo por profesores y estudiantes del laboratorio de Microtecno- logía y Sistemas Embebidos del Centro de Investigación en Computación del IPN, son varios los proyectos de investigación soportados por la Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado del IPN, 20211682, 20182219, 20150957 y 20101320, que han servido para ir incrementando el nivel de madurez tecnológica de la familia de procesadores lagarto . Aunque se sigue trabajando en nuevos desa- rrollos como: Arquitecturas Multithreading Multinúcleos, Vectoriales, y Acele- radores de IA, los dos productos de mayor madurez tecnológica son Lagarto Hun, un procesador escalar en orden y Lagarto Ka un procesador superescalar con ejecución fuera de orden, ambos procesadores se han modelado a nivel RTL (Register Transfer Level) con el lenguaje de descripción de hardware HDL, Verilog . En los últimos años, en 2019 en alianza con el Centro de Supercompu- tación de Barcelona BSC (Barcelona Supercomputing Center), el Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica de la Escuela de Ingeniería en Telecomunicaciones de la Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña (UPC) y el Centro Nacional de Microelec- trónica, se ha incrementado aún más su madurez tecnológica al fabricarse el primer chip de Lagarto Hun, en una tecnología de TSMC con transistores 65nm a través del programa europeo EURUPRACTICE . El proyecto y sus productos han inspirado a varias generaciones de estudiantes de la Maestría en Ciencias en Ingeniería de Cómputo, Maestría en Ciencias de la Computación y Doctorado en Ciencias de la Computación del CIC-IPN en México y del Master in Innovation and Research in Informatic (MIRI) y del Doctorado en Arquitectura y Tecnología de Computadoras de la UPC en Barcelona España, para seguir investigando y proponiendo ideas innovadoras en esta área de la ingeniería y la computación . A partir de 2021 la Red de Investigación y Posgrado en Computación del IPN, ha decidido como una estrategia institucional poner a disposición de las academias la tecnología desarrollada, como una plataforma para la impartición de cursos de las materias de Diseño de Sistemas Digitales, Diseño VLSI, Microprocesadores, Arquitectura de Computadoras, y Sistemas Operativos.
Archéologie de l’arbalète en al-Andalus : un bilan préliminaire
Authors: De Keukelaere Pauline
Published: January 2023

[fr] La multiplication des découvertes archéologiques dans la péninsule Ibérique et, dans une moindre mesure, au Maghreb Extrême, est l’occasion de réaliser un premier bilan actualisé des indices matériels de l’utilisation de l’arbalète en Occident musulman durant le Moyen Âge. Il s’avère nécessaire de croiser les données issues de sources variées pour dépasser les nombreuses limites inhérentes à l’étude des vestiges archéologiques, souvent fragmentaires et dans un mauvais état de conservation au moment de leur découverte.
“Por las treguas de butrón, no dejes el lorigón”. Armas, heridas de combate y muertes en el País Vasco bajomedieval
Authors: Etxeberria Gallastegi Ekaitz , Fernández de Larrea Rojas Jon Andoni
Published: January 2023

El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una primera aproximación a los resultados de la materialidad del combate en el escenario del País Vasco bajomedieval durante el fenómeno conocido como la Lucha de Bandos. Para ello, se observarán las heridas, la muerte y las armas que las causaban. Hemos procedido a un vaciado sistemático de las principales fuentes narrativas, los Anales Breves de Vizcaya y el Libro de las buenas andanças e fortunas, así como documentación archivística. La investigación ha permitido determinar el predominio de la ballesta como arma más utilizada. Por lo que se refiere a las heridas, la cabeza y el cuello aparecen como los lugares más afectados por los traumas e incisiones. Se ha establecido también la letalidad de las heridas y la posibilidad de supervivencia.
Ingenieros y fortificaciones en La Florida española. El presidio de San Agustín: 1565-1821
Authors: Llopis Verdú Jorge , Torres Barchino Ana , Serra Lluch Juan , Piquer Cases Juan Carlos
Published: January 2023

Los territorios de La Florida española constituyeron la frontera norte de las posesiones hispanas en el Nuevo Mundo desde 1513 hasta 1821. Situados al margen de las principales estructuras administrativas del Imperio, el Cuerpo de Ingenieros del Ejército se estableció como el único cuerpo especializado capacitado para el diseño y construcción, no solo de las estructuras defensivas y fortalezas, sino que bajo su responsabilidad recayeron también el control de la forma urbana y de la estructura territorial en su conjunto. El presente artículo analiza el papel del ingeniero militar en la ciudad de San Agustín, capital española de La Florida, a partir de las fuentes documentales conservadas en archivos españoles, británicos y franceses, analizando las características de las defensas erigidas entre los siglos XVI y XVIII, así como su relación con la tratadística impresa y con las bases conceptuales que constituían la base de su formación teórica.
A merced del otro: la experiencia del prisionero de guerra en el siglo del soldado (1625-1715)
Authors: Rodríguez Hernández Antonio José , Díaz Paredes Aitor
Published: January 2023

A día de hoy, todavía sabemos poco sobre la figura del prisionero de guerra en la Edad Moderna. En el presente trabajo de investigación, nos proponemos abordar la cuestión en sus dos fases. En primer lugar, nos centraremos en cómo los soldados caían en manos del enemigo —batallas, asedios, escaramuzas, etc.—. A continuación, nuestra atención se detendrá en su cautiverio. Es decir, en sus condiciones de vida, pero también en su utilidad y valía de cara a negociaciones, intercambios y reclutas. Todo ello nos ayudará a definir unas líneas generales sobre la experiencia del prisionero de guerra durante el conocido como siglo del soldado.
Ocupación británica de Manila en 1762: resistencia y diferentes tipos de cautivos
Authors: Martínez-Radío Garrido Evaristo C.
Published: January 2023

En 1762 Manila cae por sorpresa en manos británicas. A partir de ese momento comenzará una tenaz resistencia al invasor en un contexto de improvisada guerra irregular que incluyó nativos filipinos y religiosos. Tal confrontación dio pie a diferentes comportamientos respecto a los varios tipos de cautivos involucrados.
A Potent Non-Peroxidase Glycoprotein Immunogen in Commercial Horseradish Peroxidase
Authors: Moroz Leonard A. , Joubert James R. , Hogg James C.
Published: January 2023

Most commercial preparations of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) contain a glycoprotein contaminant which elicits precipitin responses in the majority of rabbits immunized. This non-peroxidase antigen (NPA) also elicits delayed hypersensitivity responses, but no reaginic antibody and no Arthus reaction at the test doses employed. It may be purified from commercial HRP or crude horseradish by ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sephadex G-100 gel filtration and DEAE cellulose chromatography. It is distinguished from HRP by 1) immunochemical non-identity, 2) electrophoretic mobility, 3) absence of peroxidase activity and spectrophotometric Soret band, 4) amino acid composition, and 5) marked tendency to aggregation. Cross-reacting determinants are detectable in turnip. Its existence indicates the need for caution when HRP is employed simultaneously as an antigen and histochemical marker.
The Effect of Age on the Response of Rat Lymphocytes in Mixed Leukocyte Culture, to Pha, and in the Graft-vs-Host Reaction
Authors: Nielsen Hans E.
Published: January 2023

The effect of age of donor rats on phytohemagglutinin (PHA), mixed leukocyte culture (MLC), and graft-vs-host (GVH) activity of blood and lymph node lymphocytes was examined by the culture technique of Sørensen et al. (1) and the popliteal lymph node assay for GVH activity (2). An MLC response against allogeneic cells was demonstrable in blood lymphocytes of some litters within 24 hr after birth. The MLC response increased during the 1st month of life. Between 1 and 16 months of age the MLC and PHA response decreased markedly when measured on day 4 and 2, respectively, whereas GVH activity measured on day 7 increased slightly. These results were accounted for by finding an increased lag period before DNA synthesis began in vitro. There was no difference between the rate of increase of DNA synthesis in young and old animals. It is concluded that the proportion of lymphocytes reactive to strong histocompatibility antigens does not decrease between 1 and 16 months of age.
Immunochemical Studies of the Major Internal Polypeptide of Woolly Monkey and Gibbon APE Type C Viruses
Authors: Gilden Raymond V. , Toni Robert , Hanson Michelle , Bova David , Charman Howard P. , Oroszlan Stephen
Published: January 2023

The major internal protein of the type C virus isolated from a Woolly monkey by Theilen and colleagues was purified by isoelectric focusing and used to raise specific antibody in guinea pigs. The protein has an isoelectric point of 6.5 to 6.6, and a molecular weight of 29,500 based on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Gel diffusion analyses showed a high degree of relationship to the type C virus isolated from a Gibbon ape by Kawakami and colleagues, while sera indicating this relationship were nonreactive with other mammalian type C viruses, except in highly sensitive radioimmunosassays. The “primate” viral proteins clearly contain determinants cross-reactive with the homologous protein in other mammalian type C viruses; however, heterogeneity of these cross-reactive determinants was indicated by differential reactivity of certain cross-reactive sera.
Immunochemical Quantitation of Cell Bound C4
Authors: Ohanian Sarkis H. , Borsos Tibor
Published: January 2023

A method is described for the determination of the absolute amounts of human (Hu) and guinea pig (GP) C4 bound to cell surfaces. The test is based on the inhibition of anti-C4 antibody by C4. The C4 to be measured is added to a standard amount of anti-C4 antibody and the residual activity determined by its capacity to sensitize appropriate indicator cells (EC4h or EC4gp) for lysis by GPC. By comparing the observed lysis with inhibition-of-lysis curves obtained with known C4 antigen, the amount of test antigen can be estimated. The method is simple, rapid and reproducible and can detect nanogram amounts of C4.

Guinea pig hepatoma cells harvested from the peritoneal cavity of guinea pigs contained approximately 105 GPC per cell whereas tumor cells sensitized with anti-Forssman antibody or specific antitumor antibody contained approximately 2 to 3 × 106 C4 per cell.

The C4 content of a Hu serum and a pool of GP sera was determined by quantitative precipitin analysis and was found to be 942 ± 260 µg and 1106 ± 106 µg/ml, respectively. Based on this Hu serum standard the average C4 content of 12 human sera was found to be 718 ± 61 µg/ml (range 577 to 942 µg/ml) by the inhibition method described in this paper.
Microenvironmental studies of pre-B and B cell development in human and mouse fetuses.
Authors: Kamps W A , Cooper M D
Published: January 2023

Immunofluorescence techniques were used to trace the development of cells expressing mu heavy chains in humans and mice. IgM B cells were distinguished from pre-B cells by their additional expression of kappa or lambda light chains. Generation of pre-B and progeny B cells was evident in hemopoietic fetal liver and bone marrow, but not in thymus, heart, lung, spleen, kidney, and placental tissues. Pre-B and B cells, in a ratio of 2 to 1, were abundant in sections of hemopoietic liver and in bone marrow from 12- to 15-wk-old human fetuses, whereas these cells were rare in nonhemopoietic liver samples obtained beyond the 34th week. In mouse fetal liver mu+ cells appeared first around the 12th day of gestation and increased in frequency throughout the third trimester. On day 17 of gestation, kappa light chain expression by 1% of mu+ cells was noted, and the percentage of kappa+/mu+ cells increased progressively to more than 80% by 5 days after birth. Pre-B and B cells were interspersed among myeloid and more abundant erythropoietic cellular elements in the extrasinusoidal areas adjacent to hepatic cords. A loose clustering or "starburst" distribution pattern of pre-B cells became evident around day 17. These observations suggest a model for in situ generation of pre-B and progeny B cells in the hemopoietic fetal liver. In the midst of more numerous erythropoietic elements, immunoglobulin-negative precursors divide to generate a loose colony of mu+ pre-B cells that divide again before giving rise to a wave of IgM B cells.
Inhibition of natural killer activity by human bronchoalveolar macrophages.
Authors: Bordignon C , Villa F , Allavena P , Introna M , Biondi A , Avallone R , Mantovani A
Published: January 2023

Mononuclear phagocytes were isolated by adherence from peripheral blood, peritoneal exudates, early lactation milk, ovarian carcinomatous ascites and bronchoalveolar lavages. Their capacity to modulate natural killer (NK) activity was assessed by mixing them with blood lymphocytes and by measuring lysis of 51Cr-labeled K562 cells. Unlike other mononuclear phagocyte populations, alveolar macrophages caused a marked dose-dependent inhibition of NK activity. Significant inhibition (40%) of the expression of cytotoxicity was evident at a ratio of alveolar macrophages to lymphoid cells of 0.12:1, and more than 80% suppression was usually observed at a ratio of 0.5:1. Blood monocytes, peritoneal and milk macrophages were consistently inactive up to the highest ratio tested, 2:1. Inhibition of the expression of NK activity by alveolar macrophages was observed at lymphocyte to K562 ratios ranging from 6:1 to 100:1 and over a 4 h or 20 h 51Cr release assay. Alveolar macrophages also inhibited interferon-stimulated cytotoxicity. Alveolar macrophages are unique among the mononuclear phagocyte populations studied in their capacity to inhibit the expression of NK activity effectively, and they could play a role in determining the low levels of NK activity associated with human pulmonary tissue.
Effects of immunoglobulin structure on Fc receptor binding: a mouse myeloma variant immunoglobulin with a gamma 2b-gamma 2a hybrid heavy chain having a complete gamma 2a Fc region fails to bind to gamma 2a Fc receptors on mouse macrophages.
Authors: Birshtein B K , Campbell R , Diamond B
Published: January 2023

We report here the primary structure of an immunoglobulin heavy chain synthesized by ICR 16, a variant of the MPC 11 mouse myeloma cell line. The ICR 16 heavy chain is a gamma 2b-gamma 2a hybrid, consisting of the CH1 domain of gamma 2b and the hinge, CH2 and CH3 domains of gamma 2a subclasses. The genetic mechanism by which ICR 16 occurred may be recombination, based on homologies in both coding and intervening sequences in gamma 2b and gamma 2a constant region genes. Although the Fc fragment of ICR 16 is completely gamma 2a-like and has been shown to bind to gamma 2a Fc receptors on mouse macrophages, the intact H2L2 molecules is unable to do so. Such an observation underscores the crucial role that conformation may play in the ability of immunoglobulins to carry out biologic functions.
Biosynthesis of C4 by mouse peritoneal macrophages. I. Characterization of an in vitro culture system and comparison of C4 synthesis by "low" vs "high" C4 strains.
Authors: Newell S L , Shreffler D C , Atkinson J P
Published: January 2023

C4 biosynthesis and secretion in mouse resident peritoneal macrophage cultures was examined by functional and antigenic analysis. The rate of secretion of functional and antigenic C4 decreased in parallel in short-term culture despite constant total protein secretion and increasing factor B secretion. Feedback inhibition and protease degradation did not account for the decreasing rate of C4 secretion. Despite a 10-fold difference in plasma C4 levels between high C4 (H-2d haplotype) and low C4 (H-2k haplotype) mouse strains, resident peritoneal macrophages from both strains synthesized and secreted similar amounts of antigenic and functional C4 in short-term culture. The C4 secreted by H-2d and H-2k macrophages was relatively stable, because it exhibited only approximately 2% loss of hemolytic activity per hour in culture. These data suggest that an unidentified environmental signal leads to the specific decrease in C4 synthesis and secretion by peritoneal macrophages and that a regulatory defect may not be present, at least in macrophages, to account for the low C4 levels in the H-2k haplotype.
Acute phase reactants of mice. I. Isolation of serum amyloid P-component (SAP) and its induction by a monokine.
Authors: Le P T , Muller M T , Mortensen R F
Published: January 2023

The acute phase reactant of mice, serum amyloid P-component (SAP), was purified and separated from C-reactive protein (CRP). The purified SAP is composed of identical M, 31 Kd polypeptide subunits, determined by SDS-PAGE. SAP levels increased five-fold by 24 hr after challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or thioglycollate. This response closely correlated with blood monocytosis and required new macromolecule (protein + RNA) synthesis and secretion by the liver. The induction of the SAP response was adoptively transferred by a serum factor produced in optimal concentrations only 90 min after an inflammatory stimulus, which preceded a detectable increase in SAP. A potent SAP inducer was identified in culture supernatants of LPS-activated macrophages. The rapid induction of SAP synthesis in LPS-unresponsive C3H/HeJ mice was dependent on the amount of lymphocyte-activating factor, LAF(IL 1), present in the macrophage culture supernatants. Partially purified human IL 1 also induced a rapid increase in SAP. Thus the induction of SAP in mice appears to be mediated by a product of macrophages, a cell population that is also expanded as part of the systemic inflammatory response.
Hybridomas specific for carbohydrates; synthetic human blood group antigens for the production, selection, and characterization of monoclonal typing reagents.
Authors: Bundle D R , Gidney M A , Kassam N , Rahman A F
Published: January 2023

A general method for the production of carbohydrate-specific hybridoma antibodies is illustrated by generation of monoclonal antibody to the antigenic determinant of human blood group B. This trisaccharide determinant was chemically synthesized and covalently coupled to bovine serum albumin and human blood group O red cells. Soluble protein antigen and the 'artificial' B red cells were used to immunize BALB/c mice before fusion of spleen cells with the Sp2/0 plasmacytoma cell line. ELISA screening of putative hybrids for B-specific binding activity was facilitated by the availability of a second synthetic conjugate, B-horse hemoglobin. IgM-producing clones were identified by class-specific ELISA reagents and by hemagglutination assay. In this way, clones suitable for blood typing were rapidly identified. The precise antigenic specificity and Ig class of such monoclonal antibodies were defined by inhibition of precipitation and by gel filtration. Hybridoma antibodies were obtained from two separate fusion experiments. One of these, clone 3E-4, was of the IgM class and possessed a binding site that was completely satisfied (100% inhibition) by the trisaccharide determinant of the B blood group. This antibody is shown to be suitable for use in blood typing.
T helper cells in immune mice amplify the primary anti-tumor cytotoxic response.
Authors: Yu A S , Bernstein I D
Published: January 2023

In this report we examine the influence of splenic helper cells in the primary cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against syngeneic murine leukemia virus-(MuLV) induced tumor cells. We identify an Lyt-1+ 800 R radiation-resistant helper T cell that will amplify the in vitro generation of CTL against syngeneic tumor cells from nonimmune spleen cells.
Ontogeny of Nk-1+ natural killer cells. I. Promotion of Nk-1+ cells in fetal, baby, and old mice.
Authors: Koo G C , Peppard J R , Hatzfeld A
Published: January 2023

Using anti-Nk-1.1 serum, the alloantiserum specific for murine natural killer (NK) cells, we followed the ontogenetic development of Nk-1+ cells in fetal thymus, liver, and spleen. A transient population of Nk-1+ cells in fetal thymus was observed on day 14 but not on day 16 of gestation. On day 16 of gestation, Nk-1+ cells were detected only in liver and spleen. The proportion of Nk-1+ cells in spleen remained high (20 to 30%) at birth and persisted until 2 to 3 wk old. The Nk-1+ cells in "baby" (1 to 2 wk old) spleen bound to YAC cells but failed to lyse them in 51Cr-release assay. Upon induction with interferon (IF), the proportion of Nk-1+ cells increased, but the lytic activity remained low, suggesting that the "baby" NK-1+ cells are immature in lytic function. In old mice (12 to 14 mo), Nk-1+ cells were also detectable, even though NK activities were lower compared with those of the young adult (6 to 8 wk old) mice. The Nk-1+ cells of old mice were readily induced by IF to exhibit activities, and the induced NK cells were Nk-1+. We have thus established Nk-1.1 antigen as an early hemopoietic differentiation antigen. Splenic Nk-1- cells could be induce by IF to become NK-1+ cells, which could be inactive or active in NK assays, dependent on the age of the mice.