bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reading and Interpretation of Statistical Graphics by 2nd Year Students of High School
Authors:   Faculdade de Tecnologia de São Paulo, Pavan Perin Andréa , Ribeiro Campos Celso ,   Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo
Published: October 2022

This paper aims to analyze students' understanding about graphs and tables concerning the level of reading that is necessary for them to interpret and communicate information presented through these graphs and tables. A formative assessment attached to a didactic activity was carried out in a class of 29 high school students. The students' production was analyzed according to assumptions of the discursive textual analysis methodology. The results indicated that students recognize that the reading of graphs and tables passes through different levels, which range from literal reading to that which requires the search for implicit information. The students pointed out that certain information was clear in the graph, and they just needed to point them out, whereas other information required students to combine and integrate information so that it could be understood.
Statistical and Probabilistic Education in Brazil’S Primary Education: Where Do We Want to Go?
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Conti Keli Cristina , Vilas Bôas Sandra Gonçalves ,   Universidade de Uberaba
Published: October 2022

The objective of this article is to present, through the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC), the thematic unit “Probability and Statistics." The curricular issue in relation to the teaching of statistics and probability in Brazil, with respect to the initial years of primary school (1st to 5th grade children between 6 and 10 years old) and then follow this document regarding these contents, taking different paths ("Why," "What," and "How") we can put the prescribed curriculum in motion. The BNCC notes that all citizens need to develop skills to collect, organize, represent, interpret, and analyze data, as well as understand that not all phenomena are deterministic and that certain, impossible, unlikely, and probable events can exist. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar, a través de la Base Nacional Común Curricular (BNCC) la Unidad Temática “Probabilidad y Estadística." La cuestión curricular en relación con la enseñanza de Estadística y Probabilidad en Brasil, respecto a los Años Iniciales de la Escuela Primaria (1ero a 5to grado—niños entre 6 y 10 años) y después seguir este documento respecto a estos contenidos, tomando diferentes caminos ("Por qué," "Qué,” y “Cómo”) podemos poner el currículum prescrito en movimiento. La BNCC señala que todos los ciudadanos necesitan desarrollar habilidades para recolectar, organizar, representar, interpretar y analizar datos, así como, comprender que no todos los fenómenos son deterministas y que pueden existir eventos ciertos, imposibles, improbables, y probables.
Grouping and the Power of Hierarchical Data
Authors:   Epistemological Engineering, Erickson Tim
Published: October 2022

This paper explores what can happen if we organize data hierarchically instead of in a flat rectangular structure. We will see that, given a data analysis platform in which this is easy and natural, a hierarchical structure lets us perform many “data moves” (Erickson et al., 2019) dynamically and transparently. This is not limited to datasets that exhibit what we might call “natural hierarchy.” With many datasets, we can use hierarchy to group and regroup, create summaries, filter data, and even recode categorical values. We conjecture that students who work with hierarchical data will better understand underlying data moves, such as grouping, and be better equipped as advanced students and as informed citizens.
High School Students’ Probabilistic Reasoning When Interpreting Media News
Authors:   Universidad de Granada, Álvarez-Arroyo Rocío , Lavela José ,   IES Marqués de Comares (Lucena), Gea María ,   Universidad de Granada, Batanero Carmen ,   Universidad de Granada
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this research was to analyse high school students’ probabilistic reasoning when interpreting news from the media. To fulfil this goal, 76 high school students were given six questions related to a report on traffic accidents taken from the media news. The questions involved some conditional probabilities and the critical reading of the information presented. Although the computation of the complementary event probability was easy, there were more troubles in dealing with other conditional probability questions. Some students relied too much on the authority principle to interpret the data and did not reach a level of critical reading of the information. Finally, few students were able to identify the missing information needed to apply Bayes’ theorem.
The Role of Probability for Understanding Statistical Inference
Authors:   University of Klagenfurt, Borovcnik Manfred
Published: October 2022

Probability is the basis for intelligent actions and decisions in the face of uncertainty. That includes statistical inference as well as considerations of reliability, risk, and decision-making. Curricula have reduced approaches with respect to the nature of probability. With easy access to computer technology, simulation has become the predominant approach to teaching. Although simulation is an effective method to replace complicated mathematics, it reduces concepts to their frequentist part. This culminates in an approach to informal inference that makes probability and conditional probability redundant. However, the relevant properties of statistical inference require a comprehensive conception of probability to be shaped in the individual’s cognitive system.
Fostering Collaborative Learning Through Postgraduate Group Projects in Statistics Education
Authors:   University College London, Jendoubi Takoua , Abourashchi Niloufar ,   University College London
Published: October 2022

Master of Science (MSc) research projects are an important constituent of learning in the postgraduate journey for most curricula. This article reports on the implementation of MSc group work projects for the final postgraduate thesis. To evaluate and measure students' attitude towards this idea, a two-level approach was designed: first a focus group to gauge students’ attitudes and second, a detailed survey incorporating comments from the focus group. The survey addresses learning styles, attitudes, and issues of plagiarism and collusion. Results show that most students favour the group MSc project, whereas concerns have been raised about possible plagiarism/collusion issues and group arrangements. Results allowed us to develop detailed guidelines for MSc group projects that will be offered in the next academic year.
Introducing Statistics to Ultra-Orthodox Jewish Students by Examples From the Bible
Authors:   The Academic College of Tel Aviv Yaffo, Levy Sigal , Stukalin Yelena ,   The Academic College of Tel Aviv Yaffo
Published: October 2022

The Holy Bible is a source of many disputes and discussions. Some issues that are discussed may be reviewed considering the knowledge that modern science has to offer, specifically the principles of statistics. In this paper, we aim to examine a biblical story that is found in the Book of Daniel the prophet through the prism of statistics. The text describes the first documented clinical experiment conducted by Daniel and three of his friends. This story enables the calculation of p-value and can serve to present the principles of experiment design. We believe that this approach will make the study of statistics more understandable to the Ultra-Orthodox students and increase their motivation to engage in scientific studies.
Stochastic and Deterministic Views of Statistics: A Pedagogical Perspective
Authors:   University of Gothenburg, Innabi Hanan , Marton Ference ,   University of Gothenburg, Emanuelsson Jonas ,   University of Gothenburg
Published: October 2022

Learning and teaching statistics is a juxtaposition of two lines of reasoning—deterministic and stochastic. Research has shown that the deterministic line of reasoning is in a superior position to stochastic reasoning. Hence, the stochastic line of reasoning must be strengthened to create a better balance between the two lines in order to work toward better statistics learning and teaching. By placing greater emphasis on variability in the data, we will contribute to better stochastic reasoning. This paper adopts the variation theory of learning approach as a pedagogical tool to emphasize variability in statistics and to help students develop their stochastic reasoning. This, we claim, might lead to the sustainable learning of statistics.
Confidence Means What?!?: Lexical Ambiguity in the Interpretation of Confidence Intervals
Authors:   Middle Tennessee State University, Kaplan Jennifer , Roland Kristen ,   Appalachian State University
Published: October 2022

Associations of Statistics and Psychology recommend reporting interval estimates, such as confidence intervals, when communicating data-based results. Previous research in statistics education, however, has identified the word confidence as having lexical ambiguity for students learning statistics. This study investigates the nature of this ambiguity with the interpretation of confidence intervals. Analysis of transcripts from task-based interviews revealed four themes, (a) sureness/belief, (b) confident in outcome, (c) confusion of chance/probability, and (d) equivalence of chance/probability, none aligned with the statistical concept definition when the word is applied to confidence intervals. The results of this study identify confusion between the words confident, sureness, probability, and chance as areas for further research as well as classroom attention. Researchers should continue to investigate these issues while instructors exploit these ambiguities.
“Looks Okay to Me”: A Study of Best Practice in Data Analysis Code Review
Authors:   University of St Thomas, Abdel-Ghani Amal , Bodwin Kelly ,   California Polytechnic University, McNamara Amelia ,   University of St Thomas, Theobold Allison ,   California Polytechnic University, Flores Siaca Ian ,   Voltron Data
Published: October 2022

Education in statistical computing requires that we train students not only in programming skills and principles, but also in good data science habits. In this study, we investigate the question of how certain habits, routines, or intuitions contribute to quality analysis, in the context of identifying errors in an existing work. Volunteers from two populations—professional data scientists and mid-degree college students—were supplied with pre-populated R Markdown notebooks and asked to comb through the reports' code and discussion in search of errors. We then conducted a qualitative analysis of subject behavior during the study, based on video recordings of these sessions. Ultimately, we identified many common themes in how the subjects interacted with the code, text, and integrated development environment during their error-checking process.
Factors Influencing Students to Participate in Frontal Learning Post Corona
Authors:   The Academic College of Tel Aviv Yaffo, Mor Avihay , Levy Sigal ,   The Academic College of Tel Aviv Yaffo, Stukalin Yelena ,   The Academic College of Tel Aviv Yaffo
Published: October 2022

The unprecedented restrictions imposed due to the COVID-19 pandemic altered our daily habits and severely affected our well-being and physiology. Although the transition to online learning has brought some benefits to academic studies, it has also raised various challenges such as concentration challenges for students, gaps in available resources and equipment suitable for active participation, and anxiety related to physical distancing. The aim of the present study is to examine the relationship between a sense of loneliness, social support, and a sense of desire to learn frontally or remotely depending on the subject. Our research contributes to understanding how to adapt academic studies to student's needs. Examples are provided for incorporating group activities in statistics courses to enhance student interaction and reduce the sense of loneliness.
A VUELTAS CON LA INNOVACIÓN EN LA DÍDÁCTICA DE LA LENGUA
Authors: Ortiz Aguirre Enrique
Published: October 2022

Son ya demasiadas las aproximaciones a la lengua española desde presupuestos formulísticos o reglamentistas, inoperativos cuando se trata de fomentar una competencia comunicativa, capaz de desbordar los estudios estrictamente gramaticales y de convocar el concurso de lo multidisciplinar. En este sentido, la publicación de La lengua española en 100 preguntas constituye un pilar fundamental para promover nuevos enfoques en la mejora de los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la lengua materna. Convertir al estudiante en el protagonista del aprendizaje, desde lo motivacional y las muestras lingüísticas más cercanas y cotidianas, garantiza la dinamización de modelos indagatorios, investigadores y creativos, absolutamente identificados con la competencia comunicativa y su didáctica.
BALLET IN RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS: CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT TECHNIQUE AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR THE SPORT
Authors: Pizzol Vanessa , De Oliveira Mateus Henrique , Antualpa Kizzy Fernandes , Toledo Eliana
Published: October 2022

In its historical trajectory, rhythmic gymnastics (RG) has been influenced by Swedish Gymnastics, Dance  and  Theatrical  Arts,  being  today  a  sport  characterized  by  a strong artistic and aesthetic appeal. Thus, starting out as field study research, this manuscript aims to bring data, but mainly reflections about the way in which classical ballet classes have been conceived and used in the training of high-performance rhythmic gymnasts. This is field research, with qualitative and quantitative approach (quanti- quali). The sample consisted of nine participants (coaches and / or ballet instructors) who work with athletes in junior and senior categories in the São Paulo State, with indexes in national championships. A questionnaire tool was conducted in the period from May 1st to 15th, 2018, in loco. Data showed that the most used ballet methods are Royal, Vaganova, French and Cuban; that  the  structure  of  the classes  includes  the  bar  and  finalization, and that the planning of ballet classes is collaborative. The main goal of this practice is to learn and improve the implementation of the ballet movements in the RG Code of  Points  (CoP), and thus,  the  contents  are mostly the higher  valued body elements. It was concluded that there is still an accumulation of functions (coach and ballet   instructor in one person), a   strong   influence  of the CoP  in the training plan   of  classic ballet   classes, which unfortunately    reinforces    the    great    instrumentalization    of    this    practice, disregarding its    characteristics    as    an    art,    and    its creative, rhythmic, aesthetic and expressive aspects.
THE ROLE OF THE PREFECT IN THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION SYSTEM IN ROMANIA
Authors:   Academia de Administrare Publică, Republica Moldova, DULSCHI Ion , AROȘOAIE Mihaela Otilia ,   Academia de Administrare Publică, Republica Moldova
Published: October 2022

The Romanian state has established a local institution at the level of each county, to supervise the legality closer to the citizen with the role of permanently and authentically watching over the correct application of the law by the local public administration authorities in most of the specific fields of activity. In this article we propose to address the most important attributions of the prefect with the highlighting of their related role in the context of local public administration, as it results from the applicable legislative framework.
THE LEGAL PERSONALITY OF THE INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
Authors:   Academia de Administrare Publică, Republica Moldova, DULSCHI Silvia
Published: October 2022

The supremacy of the states in solving the various problems that the community faces international is put to the test by the existence of an important number of organizations international. The strength with which the international organizations manifest themselves today contributes to significantly undermining the authority of states in solving the problems they face today's world.
THE CULTURE OF TOLERANCE DEVELOPED IN THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
Authors:   Academia de Administrare Publică, Republica Moldova, CUROȘ Ludmila
Published: October 2022

Your reaction to tolerance and its promotion in the education system is unknown to me. Still, I am sure you will agree that in the traditional education system, the teacher is always right, and the student is not entitled to his or her opinion. This approach has no value and can not grow a developed society. Indeed, for the former USSR countries, this is something new because we are primarily accustomed to knowing only a few positions and not admitting that someone has other opinions or speaks like one or the other is wrong. But contemporary social processes characterized by trends of confrontation and disintegration that occur against the background of the spiritual crisis of society require a reflection in the field of education. In these circumstances, tolerance is more necessary than ever, as growing confrontations pose a potential universal threat to any person, family, society or region. This article addresses the issue of developing a culture of tolerance in education in response to the challenges of the contemporary world and European education systems. We will analyze the culture of tolerance, referring to the statistical data collected and interpreted in the ,,Study on Perceptions and Attitudes towards Equality in the Republic of Moldova", prepared by the Council for Prevention and Elimination of Discrimination and Ensuring Equality, and analysis of the project ,,Education for Democracy" in the Republic of Moldova", developed by the Council of Europe and funded by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation under the program ,,Moldova: Promoting Active Civic Involvement", a project carried out in cooperation with the Ministry of Education and Research of the Republic of Moldova 2019-2022. In this study, the position of some social groups in the Republic of Moldova compared to others is analyzed, starting from the premise that each social group is characterized by a specific worldview, operating with symbols and images inappropriate to other social groups, which it sometimes causes a chasm between the representatives of different social groups, manifested by distance, by a lack of understanding, acceptance and discrimination. Following the research, we draw attention to the need to conceptualize, design and achieve a culture of tolerance in the education system of the Republic of Moldova to train teachers to promote the values and ways of capitalizing on this new education.
SPOKEN LANGUAGE – THE PILLAR OF A NATION'S IDENTITY
Authors:   Academia de Administrare Publică, Republica Moldova, TULBU-FRUNZE Cristina
Published: October 2022

In this study, the author characterizes the ethnic groups that have been living together for many years in the space of Moldova, in peace and quiet, working together to solve everyday problems. Updating the data of the 2014 Population Census, the author recalls the discussions of politicians, who, using the formation of the two camps: Romanian speakers and those who continue to speak the Moldovan language and mainly Russian, promote their group political interests. Thus dividing society. The scientific interest of the author is: the integration of the representatives of the ethno-cultural groups in the national educational system, leads her to the conclusion: the knowledge of the Romanian language by the representatives of the minority groups, the advanced level of their culture, will contribute to the sustainable development of the Republic of Moldova, to the strengthening of the cohesion of the society
Application and evaluation of the effectiveness of tissue stimulators in the prevention of skin aging
Authors:   Wydział Medyczny, Akademia Górnośląska im. Wojciecha Korfantego, Kozłowiecka Marta , Malara Beata ,   Katedra Kosmetologii, Wydział Medyczny, Akademia Górnośląska im. Wojciecha Korfantego
Published: October 2022

Skin’s natural capability to regenerate and rebuild itself is widely used in aesthetic cosmetology. The activity of dermal fibroblasts is reduced with age, which leads to the degradation of collagen and elastin. Additionally, the proliferation ability diminishes, consequently affecting and weakening cell regeneration processes. Tissue stimulation leads to multiplication of fibroblasts, protein synthesis and production of extracellular matrix components. The study aimed to analyze the effect of tissue stimulators depending on the type of active substance used to improve the skin density, its hydration, depth of wrinkles, color and face oval. The additional goal was to evaluate respondents’ knowledge about the function and use of the tissue stimulators in the prevention of skin aging.
Hybrid low temperature plasma catalysis for converting stable molecules and the thoughts on the catalyst design
Authors: Fan Xiaolei
Published: October 2022

Non-thermal plasma (NTP), low-temperature plasma or non-equilibrium plasma is a plasma which is not in thermodynamic equilibrium, is a promising, effective, and efficient technique to promote chemical reactions, especially in presence of a catalyst, overcoming thermodynamic and/or kinetic barriers experienced by the conventional thermocatalysis, exemplified by the NTP-catalytic conversions of stable molecules such as CO2 and N2. However, activation of the catalytic systems under NTP conditions is fundamentally different from that under thermal conditions, and hence the catalyst design towards applications in NTP-catalysis needs to be considered with caution, and the common strategies developed for catalyst design in thermocatalysis may not be appropriate. In this presentation, our resent findings from the research of NTP-catalytic systems will be presented with the special focus on the thought of catalyst design for NTP-catalysis.
Rational Drug Therapy for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Mahmood Fawad , Anwar Shahid , Javaid Ayesha , Khan Moiz Inam , Ahmed Bilal , Khan Abad
Published: October 2022

Diabetes Mellitus is one of the major worldwide public health issues, along with socio-economic growth. Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic syndrome of several causes characterized by long-lasting hyperglycemia with the turmoil of carbohydrates. The study aimed to evaluate pharmacotherapy on rational grounds for drug-drug interactions, polypharmacy, and untreated conditions if any., For the recording of patient case histories, a standard questionnaire was designed, which includes age, sex, history, chief complaints, Clinical tests, diagnosis & patient’s family history, etc., the copy of which is appended. Considering 20 cases, different parameters were studied which showed that 17 out of 20 cases received rational therapy according to standard pharmacotherapy and the patients responded well to the prescribed therapy, 3 cases out of 20 received irrational therapy due to which they showed poor response. The percentage of the female patient was 40% and the male patient was 60%. In some of these cases, drug interactions were found and their percentage was 22.1%. The most prominent interaction occurrence was of Ramipril with metformin i.e. 18.75% and Ciprofloxacin interaction with glimepiride is 6.25% etc. In all cases, a total of 86 drugs related problems were reported. The percentage of untreated conditions was 9.3%, drug without indication 6.98%, and cost-related problems were 20.9%, etc. In some cases, concurrent diseases were also found i.e. hypertension at 37.5% and asthma at 25 was prominent. Patients with ages between 41-50 and 51-60 years have a high percentage of Diabetes Mellitus i.e. 40% and 40% respectively. The most prominent ADRs were insomnia, skin rashes, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, etc. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are more frequent with antibiotics. Keywords: Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathophysiology, Investigations, Complications and Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
Risk Factors Evaluation in Vitamin D Deficient Population
Authors: Rahman Mujeeb Ur , Khan Arooba , Mohammad Sajjad , Ahmed Bilal , Zubair Muhammad
Published: October 2022

Background: Vitamin D concentrations often change with season, latitude, ethinicity, and diet composition. Proportion of the apparently healthy population may suffer from hypovitaminosis D. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence and importance of vitamin D insufficiency, as well as the risk factors associated with it, in seemingly healthy persons. Materials and Methods: This was a survey-type research that took place between December 2013 and February 2014. Following their agreement, 100 people completed a questionnaire requesting demographics and clinical features of hypovitaminosis D. The vitamin D levels of 50 people were evaluated in the Excel Labs and Islamabad Diagnostic Center, Islamabad, Pakistan. Results: Data from 100 people was gathered. 25% are men and 75% are women. Questionaires were used to obtain information on their demographics, height, and weight. The threshold values for Vitamin D were 20 ng/mL inadequate, 21-29 ng/mL insufficient, and >30 ng/mL sufficient. It was discovered in 80% of the females and 71% of the men tested. Only 8% of those lacking in Vit. D had symptoms, whereas 92% had none. Conclusion: In conclusion, vitamin D insufficiency was widespread in our population. It is highly important to aware the health practitioners about the intervention techniques to rectify hypovitaminosis D. Keywords: Vitamin D, prevalence, NIH
Early Detection of Nonalcholic Fatty Liver (NAFLD) on Ultrasound
Authors: Ullah Rizwan , Zaman Aqal , Khan Arooba , Khan Moiz Inam , Rakha Zeeshan Allah , Mehmood Sheikh Atif
Published: October 2022

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver abnormality is more typical determination in clinical practice and around the world. Obesity and diabetic individuals play a basic role in the development and improvement of this disease. Purpose: This study was done to detect and find out the frequency of nonalcoholic fatty liver abnormalities on ultrasound at Al Noor Ultrasound and KTH hospital Peshawar Pakistan. To review the information of NAFLD and also the hazardous factors for its advancement and the regions where future research is important. Methods: Cross sectional study was done and overall 230 patients were taken from ultrasound examination. Results: Total 230 patients were examined on Color Doppler Ultrasound and confirmed 150 diseased patients. In total patients the males are 54.34% and females are 45.65%. The most frequent disease in this study was nonalcoholic fatty liver and detected in 104 (69.33%) patients (75 males, 29 females) and although the remaining diseases frequencies were liver hydated cyst 12 (8%) patients, hepatitis 11 (7.33%) patients, liver cirrhosis 10 (6.66%) patients, hepatomegaly 8 (5.33%) and least frequent liver hematoma in 5 (3.33%) patients. Conclusion: The most frequent disease found in this study was nonalcoholic fatty liver. The key cause of this disease is the obesity and diabetic patients. Ultrasound is the modality of choice for early detection of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
ANALISIS SEMANTIK KATA 'TAMKIN' DAN DERIVASINYA DALAM AL QURAN
Authors: Annafiri Ahmad Zaki
Published: October 2022

Semantik menjadi salah satu metode penafsiran Al Quran yang kini sedang banyak dibahas oleh para peneliti. Penelitian ini bertujuan Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui analisis semantik kata “Tamkin” dalam Al-Quran beserta derivasinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, yakni penelitian yang pengumpulan datanya bersifat kualitatif yang berupa lisan atau tulisan dan benda-benda yang diamati secara detail sehingga dapat ditangkap makna yang tersirat dalam dokumen atau benda tersebut. Sedangkan dilihat dari jenis penelitiannya merupakan penelitian kepustakaan. Sumber primer dalam penelitian ini adalah Tafsir Kementerian Agama RI, adapun sumber sekunder adalah berupa buku dan artikel berkaitan dengan judul.  Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan judul analisis semantik Alquran menunjukan bahwa penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis semantik atau konseptual terhadap bahan-bahan yang disediakan oleh kosakata Alquran. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan: 1)Tamkin dan derivasinya memiliki 6 pemaknaan menurut Tafsir Kementerian Agama RI, yaitu: memberikan ‘kekuasaan/kedudukan’, ‘meneguhkan kedudukan’, ‘kedudukan tinggi’, ‘menempatkan’, ‘kokoh’, dan ‘dianugerahkan’; 2) Kata Tamkin, diulang dalam Al-Quran sebanyak 16 kali dalam 12 surat yang berbeda, dalam bentuk gramatikalnya, diantaranya fi’l madhi, fi’l mudhari’, dan isim nakirah, selain itu juga dalam berbagai bentuk wazan, yaitu ???????, ????????, dan ????????.
Informe de la citología mamaria
Authors: Toro Morelva
Published: October 2022

La citología por biopsia por punción-aspiración con aguja fina (BPAF) forma parte de la triada de diagnóstico en la evaluación de la patología mamaria, junto con la clínica y la mamografía. El sistema internacional Yokohama ha sido propuesto para informar los hallazgos de la BPAF mamaria de forma estandarizada, mediante cinco categorías de diagnóstico: Inadecuada/insuficiente, Benigna, Atípica, Sospechosa para malignidad y Maligna, para una mejor comunicación entre el clínico y el citólogo. El objetivo de este artículo fue presentar un resumen del sistema internacional Yokohama para informar los hallazgos en la citología mamaria, a fin de que el personal involucrado se familiarice con éste, para su futura implementación en esta región.
Estudio fitoquímico preliminar y evaluación de la actividad antibacteriana del extracto metanólico de los bulbos de Crinum moorei Hook F.
Authors: Rojas Janne , Buitrago Alexis , Velasco Judith
Published: October 2022

La resistencia bacteriana es considerada un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial. Por esta razón existe un gran interés en la búsqueda de nuevas moléculas bioactivas de origen natural. En tal sentido, la presente investigación sobre el extracto metanólico concentrado de bulbos de Cricum moorei (BCm), permitió establecer de manera cualitativa la presencia de diversos compuestos oxigenados del tipo glicósidos, flavonoides, esteroides triterpenoides, taninos y saponinas, así como bajas proporciones de alcaloides y la ausencia de mucílagos. Además, el ensayo antibacteriano del extracto metanólico de BCm, realizado por el método de difusión en agar con discos frente a bacterias de referencia internacional, reveló efecto inhibitorio del desarrollo de las bacterias grampositivas, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 y Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, con valores de concentración inhibitoria mínima de 100 μg/mL y 500 μg/mL, respectivamente.
Calidad fisicoquímica de los lagos Colta y Cuicocha ubicados en la alta montaña del Ecuador.
Authors: González Marco , Vásquez Paola , Alarcón Diego , Araque Judith , Viteri Francisco , Villacis Luis , Pinto Gustavo , Escobar Sandra , Medina Gerardo , Andueza Félix
Published: October 2022

Los lagos de alta montaña son ecosistemas muy frágiles sujetos a variaciones en las características fisicoquímicas que influyen en sus condiciones biológicas y ecológicas. En Ecuador existe una gran diversidad de lagos de alta montaña que se han estado investigando en los últimos años. En este sentido, se realizó el presente trabajo para conocer los factores fisicoquímicos actuales en los lagos Colta y Cuicocha situados en las provincias del Chimborazo e Imbabura del Ecuador. Se realizaron mediciones de conductividad eléctrica, pH, sólidos totales disueltos y temperatura por un periodo de dos años utilizando un equipo multiparámetro. Los resultados obtenidos indican para el lago Colta un pH con valores entre 8,69 y 9,10 y valor promedio de 8,87, temperatura entre 17,36 y 18,31°C con un valor promedio de 17,91 °C, conductividad eléctrica con valores desde 1024 a 1123 μS/cm y valor promedio de 1085 μs/cm y para los sólidos totales disueltos valores entre 627 a 742 mg/L y valor promedio de 680 mg/L. Para el lago Cuicocha se obtuvo un pH con valores entre 7,88 y 7,99 y valor promedio de 7,96, temperatura entre 14,1 y 14,5°C y valor promedio de 14,2°C, conductividad eléctrica con valores desde 763 a 770 μS/cm y valor promedio de 766 μs/cm, sólidos totales disueltos entre 504 a 508 mg/L y valor promedio de 506 mg/L. Los resultados obtenidos indican características fisicoquímicas constantes a lo largo del espacio y del tiempo en ambos lagos, aunque difieren en algunas de ellas.
Análisis químico cualitativo y actividad ecotóxica de la especie Tristerix longebracteatus (Desr.) Barlow & Wiens (Loranthaceae) colectada en Chimborazo, Ecuador.
Authors: Espinoza Carlos , Rojas Janne , Buitrago Alexis , Morillo Marielba , Visbal Tomas
Published: October 2022

La familia Loranthaceae comprende aproximadamente 71 géneros y 1400 especies distribuidas en las regiones tropicales y subtropicales a nivel mundial. El género Tristerix consta de 11 especies las cuales se encuentran exclusivamente en Sudamérica donde habitan desde sectores adyacentes a la Cordillera de Los Andes en Chile y Argentina hasta el sub-páramo de Colombia y Ecuador. Las especies del género Tristerix son conocidas en la medicina popular principalmente, por su efecto hipotensor, pero, además se usan como agentes antioxidantes, para tratar úlceras estomacales y para bajar el colesterol, entre otros. El propósito de la presente investigación es realizar el análisis químico cualitativo y determinar la actividad ecotóxica del extracto etanólico de la especie Tristerix longebracteatus sobre nauplios de Artemia salina. El tamizaje fitoquímico reveló abundante presencia de antraquinonas, glicósidos, triterpenos, esteroides, xantonas, flavonas y taninos pirocatecólicos; presencia moderada de flavanonas, dihidrochalconas y taninos y, baja presencia de alcaloides y compuestos fenólicos, sin embargo, no se evidenció la presencia de cumarinas, saponinas y mucílagos. Por otro lado, la evaluación ecotoxicológica del extracto etanólico sobre nauplios de Artemia salina mostró que dicho extracto presenta una toxicidad moderada con un valor de CL50 de 350,70 μg/mL. Es importante destacar que hasta la presente fecha no se han encontrado reportes de la actividad ecotóxica de la especie T. longebracteatus sobre nauplios de A. salina por lo que se considera como un aporte al estudio de esta especie.
Calidad de vida autopercibida en usuarios de sobredentaduras de implante único
Authors: Andrade Ingrid , Abreu Mayara , Rodrigues Renata
Published: October 2022

A qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal (QVRSB) demonstra o impacto de um tratamento protético na qualidade de vida do paciente, segundo sua própria perspectiva. Este estudo clínico pareado avaliou, por meio de diferentes instrumentos, a QVRSB de idosos edêntulos após a inserção de novas próteses totais (PTs) convencionais e overdentures mandibulares retidas por implante único (OMRIs). A QVRSB de 22 idosos portadores de PTs antigas e desajustadas foi avaliada por aplicação do Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-EDENT), Dental Impact on Daily Living (DIDL) e Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). A seguir, novas PTs convencionais foram instaladas, e após 2 meses de uso a QVRSB foi novamente mensurada. Posteriormente, os idosos receberam um único implante na região de sínfise mentoniana, e após a osseointegração as novas PTs convencionais foram convertidas em OMRIs. Após mais 2 meses de uso das OMRIs, a QVRSB foi reavaliada usando os mesmos instrumentos. os resultados indicaram que a instalação de novas PTs convencionais e OMRIs melhoram (P<0,05) a QVRSB dos idosos quando comparadas às PTs antigas. Os índices globais do OHIP-EDENT e do GOHAI, assim como os domínios de desempenho geral e alimentação e mastigação do DIDL também melhoraram (P<0,05) com o uso das OMRIs. Conclui-se que novas PTs convencionais e OMRIs impactam positivamente na QVRSB autoreferida de idosos usuários de PTs insatisfatórias.
Is cowpea a ‘women’s crop’ in Mali? Implications for value chain development
Authors:   Department of Agriculture, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, Justin S Morrill Hall of Agriculture, East Lansing MI, USA, Smale* Melinda , Theriault1 Veronique ,   Department of Agriculture, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, Justin S Morrill Hall of Agriculture, East Lansing MI, USA, Allen1 Andrea ,   FtF Legume Systems Research Innovation Lab, Michigan State University, 310 Justin S Morrill Hall of Agriculture, East Lansing MI, USA., Sissoko2 Mamadou ,   Institut Universitaire de Gestion, Université des Sciences Sociales et de Gestion de Bamako, Bamako, Mali
Published: October 2022

Cowpea, which is produced primarily in West Africa, is valued locally for its agronomic benefits in dryland farming, nutritional content, and contribution to the livelihoods of farming families. Many feel that more investment in cowpea research and development is needed for the crop to achieve its economic potential. Cowpea has long been labelled a ‘women’s crop’. We tested whether this is the case in Mali by exploring five indicators with a combination of primary and secondary databases, and interpreting our results in the context of the regional literature. We conclude that, in Mali, cowpea is better characterised as a ‘women’s enterprise’. Men are more likely than women to plant cowpea as either a primary or secondary crop and tend to plant larger areas, with cowpea intercropped. In drier agro-ecologies, women are more likely to grow cowpea than other crops. Although subsample sizes are very small, women cowpea growers appear to earn more on average from selling the harvest from their individual plots than do men. Women represent 99% of traders of processed cowpea products in the open-air markets we surveyed. In the production segment of the value chain, investments to facilitate women’s access to improved cowpea seed and local markets would support their commercial orientation. Investments in women’s trade in processed cowpea products, including the provision of credit, storage, and training in organisational capacity, would enhance their incomes and their livelihood
Influence of proximity to and type of foraging habitat on value of insect pollination in the tropics, with applications to Kenya
Authors:   CASELAP, Faculty of Law & Department of Economics and Development Studies, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya., Mulwa Richard , Siikamaki Juha ,   IUCN Economics Unit, Washington DC, USA, Ndwiga Michael ,   Department of Economics and Development Studies, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya., Alvsilver Jessica ,   Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA), Stockholm, Sweden
Published: October 2022

Insect pollination improves the yield of most crop species and contributes to one-third of global crop production. The importance of this ecosystem service in improving agricultural production has largely been overlooked, however, in favour of practices that improve soil conditions such as fertiliser use and supplementary irrigation. Using economic modelling, this study estimates the value of insect pollination under different land-use types in Kenya. Our model assumes that a combination of land-use type and the foraging distance of insect pollinators influences the intensity of pollination and the value of agricultural output. To demonstrate the hypothesised relationships, areas under different land-use types, e.g. forest, grassland and cropland, and their distances from households were used as proxies for insect pollination. Concentric buffer zones representing foraging distances of pollinators from the land-use types were drawn at 250 m, 500 m, 1 000 m, 2 000 m and 3 000 m from the farms, and areas under each land use in the buffer zones were estimated for the years 2004, 2007 and 2010. Using the random-effects model and an output distance-function stochastic frontier model, the land-use areas, other factors of production and climate variables were regressed on the value of agricultural output in each buffer zone to determine their contribution to agricultural output resulting from insect pollination. The results indicate higher crop productivity on farms bordering forests and grasslands. This implies that insect pollinators are important for crop production, and increasing the number of pollinator habitats closer to the farms will increase food production in the tropics.
Hematoma subdural agudo traumático: uma análise sobre os fatores que impactam o prognóstico
Authors: Tostes Angelo Asssunção , Da Cruz Kaoany Antunes
Published: October 2022

O hematoma subdural agudo traumático (HSDA) é definido como uma lesão, na qual ocorre a aglomeração de sangue entre as camadas duramáter e aracnóidea. A lesão cerebral traumática (TCE) é acompanhada em cerca de 10-20% dos internados. Além disso, possui uma mortalidade descrita de até 60%. Esta mortalidade decorre de diversos fatores, dentre eles a literatura cita a idade, anormalidades pupilares, escala de coma de Glasgow (GCS), tamanho das lesões intracranianas, deslocamento da linha média, contagem de plaquetas e INR. O conhecimento de fatores que impactam no prognóstico dos pacientes HSDA é de suma importância, tendo em vista que estes fatores podem predizer o desfecho dos pacientes, indicando a conduta.
Productivity of Estuarine ecosystem
Authors: Gaykar B. , Supate A. , Bhosale L.
Published: October 2022

Estuarine ecosystem plays an important role in primary productivity. Phytoplanktons and mangroves show major contribution to balance ecosystem, on which many primary consumers are dependent. Primary productivity was investigated of three different estuaries, viz. Bhatye, Kalbadevi and Are as representatives of West Coast of Maharashtra. Productivity of phytoplankton was quantified via light-dark bottle experiments while mangrove productivity was measured by litterfall. Planktonic net primary productivity was high in the month of December- January (values ranged from 0.009 to 0.450 gC/m3/h). In Sonneratia alba maximum litter was contributed by fruits whereas in Rhizophora, it is the leaf which had major contribution. Though area under mangroves is comparatively less along West Coast, the ecosystem is vital and supports large variety of animal life.
Study on the Impact of Climate Change on Damage to National Roads in the Lapuko – South Konawe District/ Kendari City Boundary
Authors: Sutrisno Muhammad , Lakawa Irwan , Haryono Haryono , Syamsuddin Syamsuddin
Published: October 2022

Perubahan iklim juga memiliki dampak langsung dan tidak langsung pada infrastruktur jalan. Dampak langsung yang disebabkan oleh efek dari lingkungan, terutama air, yang melemahkan perkerasan lentur yang dapat membuat perkerasan menjadi lebih rentan terhadap kerusakan oleh kendaraan berat dan memperpendek umur rencana dari jalan itu sendiri. Ada efek lain yang juga mempengaruhi perkerasan yaitu, suhu. Suhu mempengaruhi penuaan aspal melalui oksidasi dan penguapan.
Environment and Emotion in The Revenant: A Cognitive Approach
Authors: Mikić Marijana
Published: October 2022

This paper investigates the role of the environment in cuing spectator emotions in The Revenant. In order to analyze how the environment is portrayed to evoke emotional responses, this article utilizes a cognitive approach toward film. One important way in which this process works is through the protagonist’s experience of his surroundings. By following Hugh Glass on his journey through the wilderness, the viewer shares his experience of it and responds emotionally in a congruent way: with terror, fear, and compassion as well as with curiosity and genuine interest in nature. However, The Revenant additionally encourages a different set of emotions toward the wilderness that are not connected to Glass’s fate or desires. Spectators are invited to feel emotions toward the environment per se, both in The Revenant and in real life. Cutaways to fascinating shots of unspoiled wilderness invite contemplation about the human impact on natural life and the lack of willingness to change harmful behavior ever since the beginnings of environmental exploitation as depicted in The Revenant. The latter emotions can nevertheless not be regarded as independent from the narrative but rather as part of the cinematic experience, since they are evoked within the context of the film.
Montessori Approach to Preschool Education: The Case of Educare Program in Naga City
Authors:   https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4265-6174, jtariman@gbox.adnu.edu.ph, mva.agrado@gmail.com, Ateneo de Naga University, Ateneo Avenue, Naga City 4400, Camarines Sur, Philippines, Hamoraon Elementary School, Minalabac, Camarines Sur, Philippines, D. Tariman Jeovanie , D. Agrado Ma. Verna
Published: October 2022

The study was conducted to describe the Montessori approach to preschool education in the case of the Educare program in Naga City. It was geared towards determining the extent of compliance of the Educare program to the Montessori standards in terms of the prepared environment, methods, outcomes, and institutional support. Mixed methods were employed to describe and analyze the compliance of the Educare program with the standards of the Montessori approach. The respondents were the 42 Educare teachers in Naga City and were determined through Random Sampling. The main instruments used were the survey questionnaire, observation tool, checklist, and interview guide in data gathering and analyzed through frequency counting, getting the percentage, and weighted mean. Findings of the study show that the compliance of the Educare program of Naga City was in a “Standard” of the Montessori approach in the prepared environment. The observation in methods garnered a rating of “Satisfactorily,” and the outcomes of Montessori education in sensorial and culture education obtained a “Highest percentage.” The institutional support mainly affected the performance of the Educare program, and it was aligned with the Montessori approach. It is recommended that collaboration from all stakeholders and the school personnel be sustained and strengthened to provide full support by allocating budget funds to improve the existing Educare program that would encourage the support of the community, stakeholders, and parents to achieve optimum success not just in terms of academic but building the social aspect of the learners. Keywords: Early childhood education, Montessori standards, Educare compliance, Mixed method, Philippines
Effects of Growth Temperature on Morphological and Structural Properties of ZnO Films
Authors: Truong Vo Doan Thanh , Nguyen Thi Thanh Truc , Vo Thanh Lan , Huynh Hoang Trung , Pham Thi Kim Hang
Published: October 2022

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is one of the most promising oxide possibilities for use in a number of industries due to its unique properties. Because of its broad direct bandgap (3.37 eV) and strong exciton binding energy (60 meV) at ambient temperature, ZnO not only conducts electricity well but also transmits visible light and emits UV light. Here, we investigated the effect of growth temperature on ZnO thin films by changing the growth temperatures from 400 oC to 450 oC. Radio-frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering was used to create ZnO thin films on Si(100) substrates. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) results show that the root-mean-square (RMS) roughness decreases from 6.1 ± 1.0 nm to 4.8 ± 0.6 nm as the growth temperatures increase. XRD patterns display the enhancement of ZnO’s structure when increasing the growth temperature. Our findings indicate that controlling growth temperature is the critical factor in producing high quality ZnO thin films.