bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High‐Resolution Fault‐Rupture Imaging by Combining a Backprojection Method With Binarized MUSIC Spectral Image Calculation
Authors: Oshima Mitsutaka , Takenaka Hiroshi , Matsubara Makoto
Published: November 2022

Backprojection (BP) methods are widely used for estimating the fault rupture processes; however, they are inherently susceptible to noise. Hence, noise suppression is an important research target. In this paper, we develop a fault rupture imaging method by combining beamforming‐based BP and MUltiple Signal Classification (MUSIC), which realizes artificial noise suppression at a high spatial resolution. The stations are grouped into arrays according to the SH wave radiation coefficients, and MUSIC analysis is performed on each array. The MUSIC spectral images of these arrays are binarized and then multiplied by the BP images. Spatial filtering is also applied to the images based on the possible range of the rupture velocity and rise time. When tested using synthetic test data, the proposed method worked as expected. We then applied this method to the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake by interpolating the travel times from the observed travel times of relocated hypocenters using a 3‐D velocity structure model. In the area of large slip and slip rate approximately 30–50 km from the hypocenter on the Futagawa fault, the spatiotemporal evolution of the fault ruptures and waveform inversion results were generally in harmony. The distributions of the low‐ and high‐frequency seismic radiations are complementary, as is understood in the context of fault rupture physics. This method can aid in understanding and modeling the details of seismic radiation sources, enabling the accurate prediction of strong ground motion even in near‐fault areas.
Crustal Seismic Anisotropy Along the Continental Margin in Western Canada From Receiver Function Analysis
Authors: Tracey Kyryliuk T. , Audet P. , Gosselin J. M. , Schaeffer A. J.
Published: November 2022

Coastal British Columbia (BC), Canada, has the highest seismic hazard in the country due to convergent and transpressive deformation at offshore plate boundaries between the Pacific, Juan de Fuca (JdF) and North American (NA) plates. Further landward, the crust of the NA plate is made up of several geologically unique exotic terranes and is unusually thin. Investigating the geophysical features in this area can help us better constrain its tectonic history and the geophysical processes that are currently underway. Here, we conduct an analysis of teleseismic body‐wave scattering data (i.e., receiver functions [RFs]) recorded at stations across western coastal BC including northern Vancouver Island and southeastern Alaska. Using these RFs, we perform a harmonic decomposition with respect to earthquake back‐azimuths to determine the orientation of seismic anisotropy over a series of depth ranges, attributable to either mineral alignment or dipping structures. We find a coherent pattern of margin‐parallel orientations at upper crustal depths that persist onto the mainland at distances 420 km from the margin. Furthermore, dominant receiver function orientations at depth are attributed to dipping faults and interfaces, and fabrics due to lower crustal shearing or inherited from tectonic assembly along the margin. This work supports models for the tectonic assembly of this region that involve a combination of plate subduction and transpressive motion along crustal scale faults that pervade a wide portion of the margin. This work also helps to constrain the current geometries of the subducting Pacific and JdF slabs.
Aeolian Erosion Thresholds for Cohesive Sand
Authors: Besnard J.‐B. , Dupont P. , El Moctar A. Ould , Valance A.
Published: November 2022

Moisture is known to affect sand cohesion and therefore transport threshold and rate of aeolian sand transport. Aeolian sand transport has been widely documented for dry sand beds, but much more sparsely in the context of moist sand beds. One major challenge in the collection of reliable field or laboratory data for moist sand is to have an accurate control of the moisture level within the sand bed, which is prone to strongly vary over time and space due to evaporation. To suppress the variability of moisture content due to evaporation, we devised a new approach based on the use of a non‐volatile liquid (namely silicon oil instead of water) which ensures a proper control of the liquid content. We thus conducted wind‐tunnel experiments employing this approach and observed that the aerodynamic threshold friction velocity increases linearly with liquid content, while the dynamic threshold is found to be unchanged in the range of cohesion strength investigated in this study. These outcomes indicate that the difference between the static and dynamic threshold increases with increasing cohesion. This may have strong implications on aeolian transport of moist sand, and in particular on hysteretic behaviors.
Tulp1 deficiency causes early-onset retinal degeneration through affecting ciliogenesis and activating ferroptosis in zebrafish
Authors: Jia Danna , Gao Pan , Lv Yuexia , Huang Yuwen , Reilly James , Sun Kui , Han Yunqiao , Hu Hualei , Chen Xiang , Zhang Zuxiao , Li Pei , Luo Jiong , Shu Xinhua , Tang Zhaohui , Liu Fei , Liu Mugen , Ren Xiang
Published: November 2022

Mutations in TUB-like protein 1 (TULP1) are associated with severe early-onset retinal degeneration in humans. However, the pathogenesis remains largely unknown. There are two homologous genes of TULP1 in zebrafish, namely tulp1a and tulp1b. Here, we generated the single knockout (tulp1a−/− and tulp1b−/−) and double knockout (tulp1-dKO) models in zebrafish. Knockout of tulp1a resulted in the mislocalization of UV cone opsins and the degeneration of UV cones specifically, while knockout of tulp1b resulted in mislocalization of rod opsins and rod-cone degeneration. In the tulp1-dKO zebrafish, mislocalization of opsins was present in all types of photoreceptors, and severe degeneration was observed at a very early age, mimicking the clinical manifestations of TULP1 patients. Photoreceptor cilium length was significantly reduced in the tulp1-dKO retinas. RNA-seq analysis showed that the expression of tektin2 (tekt2), a ciliary and flagellar microtubule structural component, was downregulated in the tulp1-dKO zebrafish. Dual-luciferase reporter assay suggested that Tulp1a and Tulp1b transcriptionally activate the promoter of tekt2. In addition, ferroptosis might be activated in the tulp1-dKO zebrafish, as suggested by the up-regulation of genes related to the ferroptosis pathway, the shrinkage of mitochondria, reduction or disappearance of mitochondria cristae, and the iron and lipid droplet deposition in the retina of tulp1-dKO zebrafish. In conclusion, our study establishes an appropriate zebrafish model for TULP1-associated retinal degeneration and proposes that loss of TULP1 causes defects in cilia structure and opsin trafficking through the downregulation of tekt2, which further increases the death of photoreceptors via ferroptosis. These findings offer insight into the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of early-onset retinal degeneration.
Stereoisomeric engineering of aggregation-induced emission photosensitizers towards fungal killing
Authors: Zhu Wenping , Li Ying , Guo Shaoxun , Guo Wu-Jie , Peng Tuokai , Li Hui , Liu Bin , Peng Hui-Qing , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: November 2022

Fungal infection poses and increased risk to human health. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an alternative antifungal approach garners much interest due to its minimal side effects and negligible antifungal drug resistance. Herein, we develop stereoisomeric photosensitizers ((Z)- and (E)-TPE-EPy) by harnessing different spatial configurations of one molecule. They possess aggregation-induced emission characteristics and ROS,viz.1O2and O2−•generation capabilities that enable image-guided PDT. Also, the cationization of the photosensitizers realizes the targeting of fungal mitochondria for antifungal PDT killing. Particularly, stereoisomeric engineering assisted by supramolecular assembly leads to enhanced fluorescence intensity and ROS generation efficiency of the stereoisomers due to the excited state energy flow from nonradiative decay to the fluorescence pathway and intersystem (ISC) process. As a result, the supramolecular assemblies based on (Z)- and (E)-TPE-EPy show dramatically lowered dark toxicity without sacrificing their significant phototoxicity in the photodynamic antifungal experiments. This study is a demonstration of stereoisomeric engineering of aggregation-induced emission photosensitizers based on (Z)- and (E)-configurations.
The evolution of reproductive modes and life cycles in amphibians
Authors: Liedtke H. Christoph , Wiens John J. , Gomez-Mestre Ivan
Published: November 2022

Amphibians have undergone important evolutionary transitions in reproductive modes and life-cycles. We compare large-scale macroevolutionary patterns in these transitions across the three major amphibian clades: frogs, salamanders, and caecilians. We analyse matching reproductive and phylogenetic data for 4025 species. We find that having aquatic larvae is ancestral for all three groups and is retained by many extant species (33–44%). The most frequent transitions in each group are to relatively uncommon states: live-bearing in caecilians, paedomorphosis in salamanders, and semi-terrestriality in frogs. All three groups show transitions to more terrestrial reproductive modes, but only in caecilians have these evolved sequentially from most-to-least aquatic. Diversification rates are largely independent of reproductive modes. However, in salamanders direct development accelerates diversification whereas paedomorphosis decreases it. Overall, we find a widespread retention of ancestral modes, decoupling of trait transition rates from patterns of species richness, and the general independence of reproductive modes and diversification.
Patterned mechanical feedback establishes a global myosin gradient
Authors: Gustafson Hannah J. , Claussen Nikolas , De Renzis Stefano , Streichan Sebastian J.
Published: November 2022

Morphogenesis, the coordinated execution of developmental programs that shape embryos, raises many fundamental questions at the interface between physics and biology. In particular, how the dynamics of active cytoskeletal processes are coordinated across the surface of entire embryos to generate global cell flows is poorly understood. Two distinct regulatory principles have been identified: genetic programs and dynamic response to mechanical stimuli. Despite progress, disentangling these two contributions remains challenging. Here, we combinein totolight sheet microscopy with genetic and optogenetic perturbations of tissue mechanics to examine theoretically predicted dynamic recruitment of non-muscle myosin II to cell junctions duringDrosophilaembryogenesis. We find dynamic recruitment has a long-range impact on global myosin configuration, and the rate of junction deformation sets the rate of myosin recruitment. Mathematical modeling and high frequency analysis reveal myosin fluctuations on junctions around a mean value set by mechanical feedback. Our model accounts for the early establishment of the global myosin pattern at 80% fidelity. Taken together our results indicate spatially modulated mechanical feedback as a key regulatory input in the establishment of long-range gradients of cytoskeletal configurations and global tissue flow patterns.
Cooperative binding of T cell receptor and CD4 to peptide-MHC enhances antigen sensitivity
Authors: Rushdi Muaz Nik , Pan Victor , Li Kaitao , Choi Hyun-Kyu , Travaglino Stefano , Hong Jinsung , Griffitts Fletcher , Agnihotri Pragati , Mariuzza Roy A. , Ke Yonggang , Zhu Cheng
Published: November 2022

Antigen recognition by the T cell receptor (TCR) of CD4+ T cells can be greatly enhanced by the coreceptor CD4. Yet, understanding of the molecular mechanism is hindered by the ultra-low affinity of CD4 binding to class-II peptide-major histocompatibility complexes (pMHC). Here we show, using two-dimensional (2D) mechanical-based assays, that the affinity of CD4–pMHC interaction is 3-4 logs lower than that of cognate TCR–pMHC interactions, and it is more susceptible to increased dissociation by forces (slip bond). In contrast, CD4 binds TCR-pre-bound pMHC at 3-6 logs higher affinity, forming TCR–pMHC–CD4 tri-molecular bonds that are prolonged by force (catch bond), and modulated by protein mobility on the cell membrane, indicating profound TCR-CD4 cooperativity. Consistent with a tri-crystal structure, using DNA origami as a molecular ruler to titrate spacing between TCR and CD4 we show that 7-nm proximity optimizes TCR–pMHC–CD4 tri-molecular bond formation with pMHC. Our results thus provide deep mechanistic insight into CD4 enhancement of TCR antigen recognition.
Feedforward growth rate control mitigates gene activation burden
Authors: Barajas Carlos , Huang Hsin-Ho , Gibson Jesse , Sandoval Luis , Del Vecchio Domitilla
Published: November 2022

Heterologous gene activation causes non-physiological burden on cellular resources that cells are unable to adjust to. Here, we introduce a feedforward controller that actuates growth rate upon activation of a gene of interest (GOI) to compensate for such a burden. The controller achieves this by activating a modified SpoT enzyme (SpoTH) with sole hydrolysis activity, which lowers ppGpp level and thus increases growth rate. An inducible RelA+ expression cassette further allows to precisely set the basal level of ppGpp, and thus nominal growth rate, in any bacterial strain. Without the controller, activation of the GOI decreased growth rate by more than 50%. With the controller, we could activate the GOI to the same level without growth rate defect. A cell strain armed with the controller in co-culture enabled persistent population-level activation of a GOI, which could not be achieved by a strain devoid of the controller. The feedforward controller is a tunable, modular, and portable tool that allows dynamic gene activation without growth rate defects for bacterial synthetic biology applications.
Azide-functionalized ligand enabling organic–inorganic hybrid dielectric for high-performance solution-processed oxide transistors
Authors: Lee Juhyeok , Hassan Syed Zahid , Lee Sangjun , Sim Hye Ryun , Chung Dae Sung
Published: November 2022

We propose a highly efficient crosslinking strategy for organic–inorganic hybrid dielectric layers using azide-functionalized acetylacetonate, which covalently connect inorganic particles to polymers, enabling highly efficient inter- and intra-crosslinking of organic and inorganic inclusions, resulting in a dense and defect-free thin-film morphology. From the optimized processing conditions, we obtained an excellent dielectric strength of over 4.0 MV cm−1, a high dielectric constant of ~14, and a low surface energy of 38 mN m−1. We demonstrated the fabrication of exceptionally high-performance, hysteresis-free n-type solution-processed oxide transistors comprising an In2O3/ZnO double layer as an active channel with an electron mobility of over 50 cm2 V−1 s−1, on/off ratio of ~107, subthreshold swing of 108 mV dec−1, and high bias-stress stability. From temperature-dependent I–V analyses combined with charge transport mechanism analyses, we demonstrated that the proposed hybrid dielectric layer provides percolation-limited charge transport for the In2O3/ZnO double layer under field-effect conditions.
New C3H KitN824K/WT cancer mouse model develops late-onset malignant mammary tumors with high penetrance
Authors: Klein-Rodewald Tanja , Micklich Kateryna , Sanz-Moreno Adrián , Tost Monica , Calzada-Wack Julia , Adler Thure , Klaften Matthias , Sabrautzki Sibylle , Aigner Bernhard , Kraiger Markus , Gailus-Durner Valerie , Fuchs Helmut ,   German Mouse Clinic Consortium, Aguilar Pimentel Juan Antonio , Becker Lore , Garrett Lillian , Hölter Sabine M. , Prehn Cornelia , Rácz Ildikó , Rozman Jan , Puk Oliver , Schrewe Anja , Schulz Holger , Adamski Jerzy , Busch Dirk H. , Esposito Irene , Wurst Wolfgang , Stoeger Claudia , Gründer Albert , Pahl Heike , Wolf Eckhard , Hrabe de Angelis Martin , Rathkolb Birgit
Published: November 2022

Gastro-intestinal stromal tumors and acute myeloid leukemia induced by activating stem cell factor receptor tyrosine kinase (KIT) mutations are highly malignant. Less clear is the role of KIT mutations in the context of breast cancer. Treatment success of KIT-induced cancers is still unsatisfactory because of primary or secondary resistance to therapy. Mouse models offer essential platforms for studies on molecular disease mechanisms in basic cancer research. In the course of the Munich N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis program a mouse line with inherited polycythemia was established. It carries a base-pair exchange in the Kit gene leading to an amino acid exchange at position 824 in the activation loop of KIT. This KIT variant corresponds to the N822K mutation found in human cancers, which is associated with imatinib-resistance. C3H KitN824K/WT mice develop hyperplasia of interstitial cells of Cajal and retention of ingesta in the cecum. In contrast to previous Kit-mutant models, we observe a benign course of gastrointestinal pathology associated with prolonged survival. Female mutants develop mammary carcinomas at late onset and subsequent lung metastasis. The disease model complements existing oncology research platforms. It allows for addressing the role of KIT mutations in breast cancer and identifying genetic and environmental modifiers of disease progression.
Analysis on the temporal and spatial characteristics of the shallow soil temperature of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Authors: Li Yujie , Zhang Cunjie , Li Zhenchao , Yang Liwei , Jin Xiao , Gao Xiaoqing
Published: November 2022

Shallow soil refers to the soil layer within the 50 cm depth. Shallow soil temperature (ST) directly or indirectly affects many processes in the soil, such as seed germination, plant growth, and water evaporation. Therefore, the study of shallow ST is of great significance in understanding the surface energy, water cycle, ecology and climate change. This work collected observational data from 141 meteorological stations on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 1981 to 2020 and ERA5 reanalysis data, used the “Moving Surface Spline Interpolation Algorithm Based on Green’s Function” and “Fuzzy C-means algorithm”, and analyzed the temporal and spatial change characteristics of ST at different levels. The results showed that 1) the temperature increase of 0–20 cm (the surface layer of the shallow soil) was roughly the same. The average annual ST was 9.15–9.57°, and the interdecadal variabilities were 0.49–0.53 K/10a. The average annual ST of 40 cm (the bottom layer) was 8.69°, and the interdecadal variability reached 0.98 K/10a. 2) Considering the 7 regions, the warming trend was obvious, and there were certain regional differences. The average annual ST in different regions ranged from 5.2 (northeastern Plateau) to 17.1 °C (western Sichuan Plateau), with a difference of nearly 12 K. The standard deviation ranged from 0.40 (western Sichuan Plateau) to 0.61 K (Qiangtang Plateau), with a difference of 0.21 K. 3) The errors of the obtained grid data were basically less than 3%, which were much smaller than the errors obtained from the ERA5 reanalysis data. This work is significant for understanding the characteristics of ST evolution and land‒atmosphere interactions on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and provides important data support for improving the underlying surface boundary conditions of models.
Influence of dietary fiber intake and soluble to insoluble fiber ratio on reproductive performance of sows during late gestation under hot climatic conditions
Authors: Moturi Joseph , Hosseindoust Abdolreza , Tajudeen Habeeb , Mun Jun Young , Ha Sang Hun , Kim Jin Soo
Published: November 2022

This study evaluated dietary fiber (DF) level and the ratio of soluble fiber (SF): insoluble fiber (ISF) impact on sows’ reproductive performance under heat stress. Forty sows at day 90 of gestation were assigned to four treatments. HH diet had, 20% DF, 1:4, SF:ISF ratio; HL, 20% DF, 1:6, SF:ISF ratio; LH, 14% DF, 1:4, SF:ISF, LL, 14% DF, 1:6, SF:ISF. Results showed that; lactation back-fat loss was lower (P < 0.05) in HH . Feed intake was higher (P < 0.05) in HH and HL. Farrowing duration shorter (P < 0.05) in HH. Constipation index was higher (P < 0.05) in HH and LH. Weaning piglets’ body weight was greater (P < 0.05) in HH than LH and LL. Hair cortisol was lower (P < 0.05) in HH than HL, and LL. Acetate, propionate, isovalerate, and butyrate was higher (P < 0.05) in HH and LH. Plasma zonulin, fecal lipocalin-2 were lower (P < 0.05) in HH, and HL. Superoxide dismutase tended to be higher (P = 0.056) and malondialdehyde tended to be lower (P = 0.069) in HH and HL. We opined that higher levels of dietary fiber and soluble fiber could ameliorate heat stress in gestating sows.
DLGAP4 acts as an effective prognostic predictor for hepatocellular carcinoma and is closely related to tumour progression
Authors: Dong Cairong , Huang Shenglan , Sun Liang , Yao Jinping , Yan Jinlong , Yin Xiangbao
Published: November 2022

Disc large associated protein 4 (DLGAP4) plays an important role in neurological diseases, but the role and mechanism of DLGAP4 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. In this study, the prognostic effect of DLGAP4 on HCC patients was investigated by means of bioinformatics. The correlation of DLGAP4 expression with the prognosis of HCC patients was evaluated by TCGA data analysis, and the correlation between DLGAP4 expression and the clinical characteristics of HCC patients was evaluated by the Wilcoxon signed rank test and logistic regression analysis. Kaplan‒Meier and Cox regression methods were used to assess the effect of DLGAP4 expression level on overall survival, and nomograms were used to illustrate the correlation between DLGAP4 gene expression and HCC risk. The genes related to DLGAP4 in HCC were screened, and GO/KEGG enrichment analysis was performed. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to detect the effect of DLGAP4 expression on the proliferation, migration and metastasis of HCC cells. We also examined the effect of DLGAP4 expression on enriched pathway proteins to explore the possible mechanism. The expression levels of DLGAP4 were significantly higher in HCC cell lines and tissue samples than in normal liver cell lines and tissues. The expression of DLGAP4 was significantly associated with clinical characteristics. Survival analysis showed that high expression of DLGAP4 was associated with a poor prognosis in HCC. Multivariate analysis showed that high expression of DLGAP4 was an independent risk factor affecting the overall survival rate in HCC patients. By means of ROC curve analysis and nomograms, we determined the value of DLGAP4 expression in the diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of HCC. GO/KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the PPAR signalling pathway was differentially enriched in patients with high expression of DLGAP4. According to in vitro and in vivo experiments, DLGAP4 knockdown inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells and decreased the expression of PPARβ/δ protein. In contrast, overexpression of DLGAP4 promoted the proliferation and metastasis of HCC cell, and increased the expression of PPARβ/δ protein.In contrast, overexpression of DLGAP4 promoted the proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells and increased the expression of PPARβ/δ protein. The results show a close correlation between DLGAP4 expression and clinicopathological features of HCC, and DLGAP4 can be used as a prediction biomarker of HCC.
Influence of tillage systems and sowing dates on the incidence of leaf spot disease in Telfairia occidentalis caused by Phoma sorghina in Cameroon
Authors: Kpu Kebei Andrew , Annih Mbong Grace , Ambang Agyingi Lucy , Agwah Ebile Dayan
Published: November 2022

The production and leaf quality of Telfairia occidentalis in Cameroon are gravely threatened by leaf spot disease. A field study was conducted in July 2019 and 2020 to determine the influence of tillage systems and sowing dates on the incidence of Telfairia occidentalis leaf spot caused by Phoma sorghina. A randomized block design with three replications and four planting dates was used. The soil physicochemical properties were also determined. Data for disease incidence were registered once every two weeks and submitted to generalized linear model for statistical analysis. The means were separated by Duncan’s multiple range test at a 95% confidence interval. Calculations for disease incidence and statistical analysis were conducted using the Microsoft Excel program and SPSS version 23, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed that the zero tilled field generally registered a lower leaf spot disease incidence than the tilled field, which was highly significant (p ≤ 0.05). In addition, the second sowing date in the zero tilled field proved to be better in terms of low disease incidence than other sowing dates employed in the study. Therefore, to minimize the devastating effects of leaf spot disease, zero tillage coupled with the second sowing date could be exploited.
Hall current effect in bioconvection Oldroyd-B nanofluid flow through a porous medium with Cattaneo-Christov heat and mass flux theory
Authors: Khan Noor Saeed , Sriyab Somchai , Kaewkhao Attapol , Thawinan Ekkachai
Published: November 2022

Bioconvection due to microorganisms is important area of research, considerably importance for environment and sustainable fuel cell technologies. Buongiorno nanofluid model for Cattaneo-Christov heat and mass flux theory taken into account the Oldroyd-B nanofluid and gyrotactic microorganisms in a rotating system with the effects of Hall current, and Darcy porous medium is scrutinized. The constitutive equations of the problem are transformed into nondimensional equations with the help of similarity transformations. Homotopy analysis method is used to obtain the solution. Graphs and table support the comprehesive representation of the achieved results. Radial velocity is reduced with the increasing values of relaxation time, retardation time and magnetic field parameters while heat transfer is augmented with thermal relaxation time parameter. The nanoparticles concentration is reduced with the increasing values of Schmidt number and the gyrotactic microorganisms concentration is enhanced with the increasing values of Peclet number. A nice agreement is obtained while comparing the present results numerically with the published results. The proposed mathematical model is used in biochemical engineering, meteorology, power and transportation production, optoelectronic and sensing microfabrication.
Ultimate figures of merit broadband self-powered obliquely deposited antimony thin film laser detectors
Authors: Hamoudi Walid K. , Ismail Raid A. , Ismail Munaf R.
Published: November 2022

Fabrication of a fast and high detectivity infrared detector operating at room temperature represents a big challenge. Due to the small energy gap of the semiconducting materials used for infrared detectors, the noise becomes considerable factor and the possibility of operating the detector at room temperature is very limited. A study of the figures of merit antimony thin films detector grown by oblique angle deposition technique is presented. Polycrystalline antimony thin films were thermally evaporated on the glass substrates at a angles of 0, 10, 30, and70°. The aim was to develop a wideband (0.649–10.6) µm self-powered laser detectors; operating at room temperature. The deposition angle had a decisive role in the detector specifications, namely, its detectivity, responsivity, linearity, and response time. At θ = 70° deposition angle; maximum detectivity and fastest response were achieved. The variation of rise time with deposition angle was linear, and the rise time was around 50 ns at 70°. The antimony detectors showed about the same specific detectivity ~ 109 Jones at 300 k for the wavelength range of 1.064–10.6 µm.
Adsorption of Carvone and Limonene from Caraway essential oil onto Tunisian montmorillonite clay for pharmaceutical application
Authors: Agougui Chaima , Cecilia Juan Antonio , Saad Houda , Franco-Duro Francisco , Essid Rym , Khabbouchi Mohamed , Frini-Srasra Najoua
Published: November 2022

To explore a novel kind of green composite material having excellent antibacterial, antifungal ability and specific-targeting capability for pharmaceutical uses, a novel kind of bio-composite was prepared using sodium purified clay as carrier of Caraway essential oil (CEO). Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) analyses of CEO reveals that Carvone (68.30%) and Limonene (22.54%) are the two major components with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value equal to 125 mg/mL against Staphylococcus (S) aureus bacteria and Candida albicans fungi. Clay from Zaghouan was purified and characterized by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and N2 adsorption–desorption (BET method). Results obtained by chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) show that the concentration of 130 mg/mL of essential oil and 5 h of contact with the purified clay are the optimal conditions for the bio-hybrid formation. The pseudo-second-order model can describe the kinetic study of the adsorption of Carvone and Limonene on sodium montmorillonite, and the adsorption isotherms have been established to the Langmuir type. Limonene registers a maximum adsorption value equal to 3.05 mg/g of clay however Carvone register the higher amount of adsorption (19.98 mg/g) according to its polarity and the abundance of this compound in the crude CEO. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, elemental analyses (CHN) and X-ray fluorescence characterization valid the success adsorption of CEO in sodium montmorillonite surface. The purified clay/CEO hybrid (purified clay/CEO) combined the advantages of both the clay and the essential oil used in exerting the antibacterial and antifungal activity, and thus, the composite has a double antibacterial and antifungal activity compared to the separately uses of inactive clay and CEO, suggesting the great potential application in pharmaceutical treatments.
Fluorescent silica nanoparticles as an internal marker in fruit flies and their effects on survivorship and fertility
Authors: Songvorawit Nut , Phengphuang Photchara , Khongkhieo Thitinat
Published: November 2022

Tracking and differentiating small insects at the individual levels requires appropriate marking materials because of their small size. This study proposes and investigates the use of fluorescent silica nanoparticles (FSNPs) as an internal marker owing to their good optical properties and biocompatibility. FSNPs were prepared using the water-in-oil reverse microemulsion technique with Rubpy dye as a fluorophore. The obtained particles were spherical, monodispersed in nanosize and exhibited bright orange luminescence under ultraviolet (UV) light. Internal marking was accomplished in fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) through feeding. The result shows that the fruit flies exhibit bright luminescence in their abdomen when exposed to UV light. The marking persistence duration of FSNPs in the fruit fly bodies is longer than those of other fluorescent dyes. Fruit flies fed with FSNPs have a longer lifespan than those fed with Rubpy dye. There was no difference in fertility and negative geotaxis response among the treatment and control groups. These findings demonstrate that FSNPs can be used as an internal marker in fruit flies, and are possibly applied with other small insects with a translucent abdomen.
Prevalence and correlation of C-shaped root canals of mandibular premolars and molars in Eastern Chinese individuals
Authors: Chen Cheng , Zhu Tingting , Wu Huili , Zhao Xiao , Leng Diya , Wang Jingyan , Yang Lianfeng , Wu Daming
Published: November 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, correlation, and differences of C-shaped root canals (CSRCs) morphology in permanent mandibular premolars and molars in Eastern Chinese individuals using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). A total of 8000 mandibular first premolars (MFPs), mandibular second premolars (MSPs), mandibular first molars (MFMs), and mandibular second molars (MSMs) CBCT images from 1000 patients (692 females and 308 males) were collected. The prevalence, correlation, bilateral/unilateral presence, the morphology of CSRCs, level of canal bifurcation, gender differences, and location of radicular grooves (RGs) were evaluated. The prevalence of CSRCs in MFPs, MSPs, MFMs and MSMs were 10.25%, 0.25%, 0.55% and 47.05%, respectively. The prevalence of CSRCs in MFPs of males was higher than that in females, while the prevalence of CSRCs in MSMs of females was higher than that in males (P < 0.05). The bilateral symmetry presence of CSRCs in MSMs was significant but not in MFPs, MSPs, and MFMs. RGs were predominantly found on the mesiolingual (ML) surface of premolars and the lingual surface of molars. There was a high prevalence of CSRCs in MFPs and MSMs in the Eastern Chinese population, but there was no correlation. The prevalence of CSRCs in MFPs and MSMs differ significantly by gender (P < 0.05).
Strain and thickness effects on the electronic structures of low-energy two-dimensional CdxTey phases
Authors: Ali Asad , Shin Young-Han
Published: November 2022

Two-dimensional CdTe has a robust direct band gap unaffected by thickness and strain, while CdTe2 has a strain-tunable indirect band gap.
First-principles study on bilayer SnP3 as a promising thermoelectric material
Authors: Song Hongyue , Zhang Xuehua , Yuan Peiling , Hu Wencheng , Gao Zhibin
Published: November 2022

The bilayer SnP3 is recently predicted to exfoliate from its bulk phase, and motivated by the transition of the metal-to-semiconductor when bulk SnP3 is converted to the bilayer, the thermoelectric performance of bilayer SnP3 is studied in our work.
SnTe thermoelectric materials with low lattice thermal conductivity synthesized by a self-propagating method under a high-gravity field
Authors: Su Haojian , Miao Zhicong , Peng Yuan , Zhao Yalin , Wu Shanshan , Jiang Mingyue , Zhou Min , Huang Rongjin , Li Laifeng
Published: November 2022

SnTe thermoelectric materials with low lattice thermal conductivity synthesized by a self-propagating method under a high-gravity field.
On the vibrations of formic acid predicted from first principles
Authors: Kelemen Anna Klára , Luber Sandra
Published: November 2022

In this article, we review recent first principles, anharmonic studies on the molecular vibrations of gaseous formic acid in its monomer form.
Coincidence study of core-ionized adamantane: site-sensitivity within a carbon cage?
Authors: Ganguly Smita , Gisselbrecht Mathieu , Eng-Johnsson Per , Feifel Raimund , Hervieux Paul-Antoine , Alfaytarouni Zeinab , Fink Reinhold F. , Díaz-Tendero Sergio , Milosavljević Aleksandar R. , Rousseau Patrick , Maclot Sylvain
Published: November 2022

Can we observe site-sensitivity after X-ray core-ionisation of a symmetric molecule composed of the same heavy atom such as the carbon cage adamantane? We investigate this question using electron-ion coincidence spectroscopy and theoretical methods.
The influence of the Li+ addition rate during the hydrothermal synthesis of LiFePO4 on the average and local structure
Authors: Thiebaut Michelle , Billing Caren , Naidoo Deena , Billing David G.
Published: November 2022

In hydrothermal synthesis of LiFePO4 a slower addition of Li+ to a mixture of Fe2+ + PO43- increased Fe2+ oxidation, defects within the LiFePO4 structure and iron impurities in the product. No link was seen between Li3PO4 formation and addition rate.
Mapping boron catalysis onto a phosphorus cluster platform
Authors: Réant Benjamin L. L. , van IJzendoorn Bono , Whitehead George F. S. , Mehta Meera
Published: November 2022

Lewis acidic boron arms are tethered to an innocent phosphorus cluster and used in hydroboration catalysis.
Facile and selective N-alkylation of gentamicin antibiotics via chemoenzymatic synthesis
Authors: Stojanovski Gorjan , Hailes Helen C. , Ward John M.
Published: November 2022

A two-step chemoenzymatic route to enable regioselective modification of aminoglycoside antibiotic analogues was developed without the use of protecting groups. This approach allows rapid generation of novel antibiotic analogues.
High-precision double-spike Sn isotope analysis of geological materials by MC-ICP-MS
Authors: She Jia-Xin , Li Weiqiang , An Shichao , Cai Yuanfeng
Published: November 2022

This study proposes a new robust protocol for stable Sn isotope measurements using the double-spike method in geological reference materials with a range of sample matrices.
Development and mechanism of a fluorescent probe for a Mn(ii) ionic complex capable of recognizing chloroform vapor molecules
Authors: Wu Yu-Li , Hou Guo-Liang , Cui Hai-Xia , Chen Lei , Zhou Hui-Di , Chen Jian-Min
Published: November 2022

The monoclinic [PPh3(Me)]2[MnBr4] complex readily develops ion-dipole interactions with chloroform vapor molecules, causing reversible structural transitions and fluorescence changes.
Facile synthesis and size-dependent optical properties of luminescent ZnIn2S4 nanocrystals derived from metal xanthates
Authors: Kushwah Nisha , Kedarnath G. , Sudarsan V. , Srivastava A. P.
Published: November 2022

Luminescent ZnIn2S4 NCs with PLQYs up to 11% have been isolated by a simple route involving metal xanthates co-thermolysis. Also, size dependent PL emission, optical band gap properties and carrier life time measurements of these NCs are presented.
Correction: Effect of LiH on the fast hydrolysis and hydrogen generation of MgH2 by ball milling
Authors: Qiu Hongwei , Han Xingbo , Zang Shuyan , Liu Wei , Yang Guo , Lv Lijun , Wang Xiaofeng , Duan Jiaqi , Wang Shuangyu
Published: November 2022

Correction for ‘Effect of LiH on the fast hydrolysis and hydrogen generation of MgH2 by ball milling’ by Hongwei Qiu et al., New J. Chem., 2022, 46, 19900–19908, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2NJ03496D.
Electronic transport in quantum-dot-in-perovskite solids
Authors: Erwin Steven C. , Efros Alexander L.
Published: November 2022

We investigate theoretically the band transport of electrons and holes in a “quantum-dot-in-perovskite” solid, a periodic array of semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dots embedded in a matrix of lead halide perovskite.
An insight into embryogenesis interruption by carbon nitride dots: can they be nucleobase analogs?
Authors: Zhou Yiqun , Chen Jiuyan , Kirbas Cilingir Emel , Zhang Wei , Gonzalez Lemay , Perez Samuel , Davila Arjuna , Brejcha Nicholas , Gu Jun , Shi Wenquan , Domena Justin B. , Ferreira Braulio C. L. B. , Zhang Fuwu , Vallejo Frederic A. , Toledo Daniela , Liyanage Piumi Y. , Graham Regina M. , Dallman Julia , Peng Zhili , Agatemor Christian , Catenazzi Alessandro , Leblanc Roger M.
Published: November 2022

The carbon nitride dot (CND) is an emerging carbon-based nanomaterial. It possesses rich surface functional moieties and a carbon nitride core. Spectroscopic data have demonstrated the analogy between CNDs and cytosine/uracil. Recently, it was found that CNDs could interrupt the normal embryogenesis of zebrafish. Modifying CNDs with various nucleobases, especially cytosine, further decreased embryo viability and increased deformities. Physicochemical property characterization demonstrated that adenine- and cytosine-incorporated CNDs are similar but different from guanine-, thymine- and uracil-incorporated CNDs in many properties, morphology, and structure. To investigate the embryogenesis interruption at the cellular level, bare and different nucleobase-incorporated CNDs were applied to normal and cancerous cell lines. A dose-dependent decline was observed in the viability of normal and cancerous cells incubated with cytosine-incorporated CNDs, which matched results from the zebrafish embryogenesis experiment. In addition, nucleobase-incorporated CNDs were observed to enter cell nuclei, demonstrating a possibility of CND–DNA interactions. CNDs modified by complementary nucleobases could bind each other via hydrogen bonds, which suggests nucleobase-incorporated CNDs can potentially bind the complementary nucleobases in a DNA double helix. Nonetheless, neither bare nor nucleobase-incorporated CNDs were observed to intervene in the amplification of the zebrafish polymerase-alpha 1 gene in quantitative polymerase chain reactions. Thus, in conclusion, the embryogenesis interruption by bare and nucleobase-incorporated CNDs might not be a consequence of CND–DNA interactions during DNA replication. Instead, CND–Ca2+ interactions offer a plausible mechanism that hindered cell proliferation and zebrafish embryogenesis originating from disturbed Ca2+ homeostasis by CNDs. Eventually, the hypothesis that raw or nucleobase-incorporated CNDs can be nucleobase analogs proved to be invalid.
Hot hole transfer at the plasmonic semiconductor/semiconductor interface
Authors: Gutiérrez Mario , Lian Zichao , Cohen Boiko , Sakamoto Masanori , Douhal Abderrazzak
Published: November 2022

Femtosecond to millisecond transient absorption studies of plasmon induced transit hole transfer in CuS/CdS hetero nanocrystals in solid thin films in the presence of different ligands.
Stepwise synthesis of 2,6-difunctionalized ethyl pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylate via site-selective cross-coupling reactions: experimental and computational studies
Authors: Messaoudi Chaima , Jismy Badr , Jacquemin Johan , Allouchi Hassan , M'Rabet Hédi , Abarbri Mohamed
Published: November 2022

A variety of novel disubstituted 2-(alknyl, aryl and arylamine)-6-alkynylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives was prepared via sequential site-selective cross-coupling reactions from 2,6-dibromopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine 3.
Photocatalyst-free visible light driven synthesis of gem-dihaloenones from alkynes, tetrahalomethanes and water
Authors: Zhang Fuqing , Wei Zixiang , Wu Wei , Liu Na , Li Xinhan , Zou Luqian , Wang Kaiming , Xu Jianbin , Fan Baomin
Published: November 2022

A photocatalyst-free, simple and green method for visible light driven photocatalytic synthesis of gem-dihaloenones from alkynes, tetrahalomethanes and water has been developed.
Diastereoselective reversible C–C bond exchange of oxindole–thiazolidienediones for dynamic combinatorial chemistry
Authors: Gorai Ananta , Chakraborti Gargi , Basak Soumya Jyoti , Dash Jyotirmayee
Published: November 2022

A metal and organic catalyst free diastereoselective aldol exchange under physiological conditions, suitable for the generation of dynamic combinatorial libraries (DCLs) has been described.
Equilibrating parent aminomercaptocarbene and CO2 with 2-amino-2-thioxoacetic acid via heavy-atom quantum tunneling
Authors: Bernhardt Bastian , Schauermann Markus , Solel Ephrath , Eckhardt André K. , Schreiner Peter R.
Published: November 2022

A novel heterosubstituted carbene spontaneously binds CO2 in a tunneling reaction under cryogenic conditions.
Disentangling the nature of the prototype radio weak BL Lac
Authors: Marchesini E. J. , Reynaldi V. , Vieyro F. , Saponara J. , Andruchow I. , López I. E. , Benaglia P. , Cellone S. A. , Masetti N. , Massaro F. , Peña-Herazo H. A. , Chavushyan V. , Combi J. A. , Acosta-Pulido J. A. , Agís González B. , Castro-Segura N.
Published: November 2022

Context. The γ-ray emitting source WISE J141046.00+740511.2 has been associated with a Fermi-LAT detection by crossmatching with Swift/XRT data. It has shown all the canonical observational characteristics of a BL Lac source, including a power-law, featureless optical spectrum. However, it was only recently detected at radio frequencies and its radio flux is significantly low.

Aims. Given that a radio detection is fundamental to associate lower-energy counterparts to Fermi-LAT sources, we aim to unambiguously classify this source by performing a multiwavelength analysis based on contemporaneous data.

Methods. By using multifrequency observations at the Jansky Very Large Array, Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope, Gran Telescopio Canarias, Gemini, William Herschel Telescope and Liverpool observatories, together with Fermi-LAT and Swift data, we carried out two kinds of analyses. On one hand, we studied several known parameters that account for the radio loudness or weakness characterization and their application to blazars (in general) and to our source (in particular). And, on the other hand, we built and analyzed the observed spectral energy distribution (SED) of this source to try to explain its peculiar characteristics.

Results. The multiwavelength analysis indicates that WISE J141046.00+740511.2 is a blazar of the high-frequency peaked (HBL) type that emits highly polarized light and that is likely located at a low redshift. In addition, the one-zone model parameters that best fit its SED are those of an extreme HBL (EHBL); this blazar type has been extensively predicted in theory to be lacking in the radio emission that is otherwise typical of canonical γ-ray blazars.

Conclusions. We confirm that WISE J141046.00+740511.2 is indeed a highly polarized BL Lac of the HBL type. Further studies will be conducted to explain the atypical low radio flux detected for this source.
The high-energy limit of perturbative QCD: Theory and phenomenology
Authors: Giovanni Celiberto Francesco , Fucilla Michael , Papa Alessandro
Published: November 2022

After a brief introduction of formal and phenomenological progresses in the study of the high-energy limit of perturbative QCD, we present arguments supporting the statement that the inclusive emission of Higgs bosons or heavy-flavored hadrons acts as fair stabilizer of high-energy resummed differential distributions. We come out with the message that the hybrid high-energy and collinear factorization, built in term of the next-to-leading logarithmic resummation à la BFKL and supplemented by collinear parton distributions and fragmentation functions, is a valid and powerful tool to gauge the feasibility of precision analyses of QCD in its high-energy limit.
Latest results from NA62 and NA48/2 experiments
Authors: Corvino Michele ,   on behalf of the NA48/2 and NA62 Collaborations
Published: November 2022

Kaon physics at CERN has a long tradition, started in 1980s by the NA31 experiment and continued by the current NA48/2 and NA62 collaborations. New results have been presented by both, namely a new measurement of the branching ratio of K± → π0π0μ±ν from NA48/2 and a set of new results from the broad physics programme of NA62.
Spectroscopy of the excited Ds mesons
Authors: Debernardis Francesco ,   on behalf of the LHCb Collaboration
Published: November 2022

The discoveries of the Ds0*(2317)+ and Ds1(2460)+ mesons challenge our understanding of quantum chromodynamics. After almost 20 years, the nature of these hadrons is still subject of debate and many models have been proposed to explain their unexpected masses: standard charmed-strange mesons, DK molecules and tetraquarks. The LHCb experiment has studied the production of excited Ds+ meson in prompt proton-proton collisions and from b-hadron decays. Precise measurement of their properties and observation of new Ds+ states have been reported. The latest results on the spectroscopy of the charmed-strange mesons and the prospect to investigate their nature will be presented.
Electromagnetism in quark matter at intermediate densities
Authors: Ferrer Efrain J.
Published: November 2022

Several anomalous electromagnetic effects that can take place in quark matter at low temperatures and intermediate densities will be discussed. The anomalous transport properties of the spatially inhomogeneous phase of quark matter known as the Magnetic Dual Chiral Density Wave (MDCDW) phase will be reviewed. Going beyond mean-field approximation, it will be shown how linearly polarized electromagnetic waves that penetrate the MDCDW medium mix with the phonon fluctuations to give rise to two hybridized modes of propagation called axion polaritons. Finally, some possible implications of these results for the astrophysics of neutron stars will be indicated.