bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pilar Godayol i Annarita Taronna, eds., Foreign Women Authors under Fascism and Francoism. Gender, Translation and Censorship
Authors: Iribarren Teresa
Published: February 2020

Ressenya: Pilar Godayol i Annarita Taronna, eds. 2018. Foreign Women Authors under Fascism and Francoism. Gender, Translation and Censorship. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 217 p.
Buildings, Faces, Songs of Alienation: How Interiority Transforms the Meaning Out There
Authors: De Kock Pieter Marthinus
Published: February 2020

This paper presents a theoretical framework that explores visual meaning in the design and use of interior space. It is comprised of three main parts. The first outlines the framework and draws on several key theories. The second introduces three very different constructs as case studies that in#uence (or are a product of) spatial quality, namely: buildings, faces, and songs of alienation. The third part is a discussion about how each of these three constructs are linked to each other as well as to the idea of interiority. While architectural forms are containers of meaning, the way in which interior space is curated is driven by deeper meaning–one that transcends form and function because people ultimately produce the meaning. And because each person is different, the conditions of interiority (in this case, the meaning that resides within each person) drives the meaning of external constructs that act as enclosures of meaning (buildings and their interiors). The findings are that the mind and body can be projected beyond the facade and into the spaces contained in the buildings we occupy. The role of technology is also important because changes in technology help mediate the process of linking the meaning inside with the meaning out there.
Urban Interiority in the Anthropocene
Authors: Feliz Arrizabalaga Nerea
Published: February 2020

This paper explores how interior design could amplify the current discourse on sustainability within urban public space. The consideration of a number of contemporary authors that are questioning the traditional notion of interiority situates this paper within an expansive understanding of interiority in the context of the Anthropocene. Interiority is considered as a transferable condition based on modes of interior occupation, that can take place on the outdoors, and is often found in public spaces within dense urban areas. In the face of an upcoming biodiversity crisis, this text advocates for a necessary disciplinary shift away from traditional anthropocentric views, towards a multispecies conception of the built environment. Both the ideas and the case studies in this article seek to expand the role of interior elements, both semiotics and performance, to foster inclusivity of non-human species, in particular insects, in city environments. Two design proposals illustrate how interior design tactics might positively contribute to raising awareness about this underacknowledged population, and at the same time, help cultivate a sense of intimacy between us and the multiple life forms that inhabit our public urban spaces.
Unpacking Middle School students’ perceptions regarding influences on academic success
Authors: Worthington Tracy
Published: February 2020

This single site case study examined influences on student success, as perceived by twelve selected sixth grade students (ages 11-12), at a mid-West U.S. middle school (grades 6-8). Using a strengths-based positivist approach, it examined how and why participants thought they had been
academically successful during their first year of secondary school. Analysis of the resulting student-centered narrative applied elements of ecological systems theory to determine home, school, and community influences on academic success. This study reinforces the importance of listening
to students, recognising the role student voice can have to improve the overall teaching and learning environment.
Transcriptional landscape of myogenesis from human pluripotent stem cells reveals a key role of TWIST1 in maintenance of skeletal muscle progenitors
Authors: Choi In Young , Lim Hotae , Cho Hyeon Jin , Oh Yohan , Chou Bin-Kuan , Bai Hao , Cheng Linzhao , Kim Yong Jun , Hyun SangHwan , Kim Hyesoo , Shin Joo Heon , Lee Gabsang
Published: February 2020

Generation of skeletal muscle cells with human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) opens new avenues for deciphering essential, but poorly understood aspects of transcriptional regulation in human myogenic specification. In this study, we characterized the transcriptional landscape of distinct human myogenic stages, including OCT4::EGFP+ pluripotent stem cells, MSGN1::EGFP+ presomite cells, PAX7::EGFP+ skeletal muscle progenitor cells, MYOG::EGFP+ myoblasts, and multinucleated myotubes. We defined signature gene expression profiles from each isolated cell population with unbiased clustering analysis, which provided unique insights into the transcriptional dynamics of human myogenesis from undifferentiated hPSCs to fully differentiated myotubes. Using a knock-out strategy, we identified TWIST1 as a critical factor in maintenance of human PAX7::EGFP+ putative skeletal muscle progenitor cells. Our data revealed a new role of TWIST1 in human skeletal muscle progenitors, and we have established a foundation to identify transcriptional regulations of human myogenic ontogeny (online database can be accessed in http://www.myogenesis.net/).
Identification of key genes associated with multiple sclerosis based on gene expression data from peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Shang Zhenwei , Sun Wenjing , Zhang Mingming , Xu Lidan , Jia Xueyuan , Zhang Ruijie , Fu Songbin
Published: February 2020

The aim of this study was to identify the potential key candidate genes of multiple sclerosis (MS) and uncover mechanisms in MS. We combined data from the microarray expression profile of three MS stages and performed bioinformatics analysis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified among the distinct stages of MS and healthy controls, and a total of 349 shared DEGs were identified. Gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses showed that the DEGs were significantly enriched in the biological processes (BPs) of purine-related metabolic processes and signaling, especially the common DEGs, which were enriched in some immunological processes. Most of the DEGs were enriched in signaling pathways associated with the immune system, some immune diseases and infectious disease pathways. Through a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and a gene expression regulatory network constructed with MS-related miRNAs, we confirmed FOS, TP53, VEGFA, JUN, HIF1A, RB1, PTGS2, CXCL8, OAS2, NFKBIA and OAS1 as candidate genes of MS. Furthermore , we explored the potential SNPs associated with MS by database mining. In conclusion, this study provides the identified genes, SNPs, biological processes, and cellular pathways associated with MS. The uncovered candidate genes may be potential biomarkers involved in the diagnosis and therapy of MS.
Exploring abnormal Cambrian-aged trilobites in the Smithsonian collection
Authors: Bicknell Russell D.C. , Pates Stephen
Published: February 2020

Biomineralised trilobite exoskeletons provide a 250 million year record of abnormalities in one of the most diverse arthropod groups in history. One type of abnormality—repaired injuries—have allowed palaeobiologists to document records of Paleozoic predation, accidental damage, and complications in moulting experienced by the group. Although Cambrian trilobite injuries are fairly well documented, the illustration of new injured specimens will produce a more complete understanding of Cambrian prey items. To align with this perspective, nine new abnormal specimens displaying healed injuries from the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History collection are documented. The injury pattern conforms to the suggestion of lateralised prey defence or predator preference, but it is highlighted that the root cause for such patterns is obscured by the lumping of data across different palaeoecological and environmental conditions. Further studies of Cambrian trilobites with injuries represent a key direction for uncovering evidence for the Cambrian escalation event.
EMT-related gene expression is positively correlated with immunity and may be derived from stromal cells in osteosarcoma
Authors: Peng Yin-xiao , Yu Bin , Qin Hui , Xue Li , Liang Yi-jian , Quan Zheng-xue
Published: February 2020

Background

Osteosarcoma is the most common type of bone cancer in children and young adults. Recent studies have shown a correlation between epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related gene expression and immunity in human cancers. Here, we investigated the relationship among EMT, immune activity, stromal activity and tumor purity in osteosarcoma.

Methods

We defined EMT gene signatures and evaluated immune activity and stromal activity based on the gene expression and clinical data from three independent microarray datasets. These factors were evaluated by single sample Gene Set Enrichment Analyses and the ESTIMATE tool. Finally, we analyzed the key source of EMT gene expression in osteosarcoma using microarray datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus and human samples that we collected.

Results

EMT-related gene expression was positively correlated with immune and stromal activity in osteosarcoma. Tumor purity was negatively correlated with EMT, immune activity and stromal cells. We further demonstrated that high EMT gene expression could significantly predict poor overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in osteosarcoma patients, while high immune activity cannot. However, combining these factors could have further prognostic value for osteosarcoma patients in terms of OS and RFS. Finally, we found that stromal cells may serve as a key source of EMT gene expression in osteosarcoma.

Conclusion

The results of this study reveal that the expression of EMT genes and immunity are positively correlated, but these signatures convey disparate prognostic information. Furthermore, the results indicate that EMT-related gene expression may be derived from stromal rather than epithelial cancer cells.
Optimization of the Performance of Hybrid Solar Biomass Dryer for Drying Maize Using ANSYS Workbench
Authors: Aukah Jackis , Muvengei Mutuku , Ndiritu Hiram , Onyango Calvin
Published: February 2020

In this paper ANSYS workbench was used to optimize the performance of hybrid solar biomass dryer for drying shelled maize in order to find the optimal operating input variables when the air temperature within the drying chamber set within the permissible range at reasonably high flow velocity. Hybrid Solar dryer with biomass as a source of fuel for auxiliary heating during absence or low solar insolation is a feasible option for small scale maize farmers [1]. At times high temperatures are induced in this dryer which may result in grain fissures and breakage during milling, thus reducing the grain quality. Optimization results indicate that in order to keep the air temperature within drying chamber to permissible range [2], the air velocity at collector inlet and biomass heat exchanger outlet should be improved to 3 m/s and 2.8 m/s respectively while the capacity of the biomass heat exchanger should also be enhanced to provide hot air at 85°C. It be concluded from the study that HSBD is suitable for drying maize as well as other agricultural products since continuous interrupted drying can be achieved. The capability of the dryer to maintain uniform temperature and air flow within the drying chamber enable high quality dried products within a short duration.
Die Attach Assembly Process Tool Advancement
Authors: Gomez Frederick Ray , Rodriguez Rennier , Gomez Nerie
Published: February 2020

Die attach film (DAF) voids detection is one of the challenges during the introduction of non-conductive adhesives for integrated circuit products affecting production control robustness and detection. In this paper, a specialized tool capable to distinguish and quantify the amount of DAF voids is presented wherein the implementation of semi-auto grid lines generates more precise measurement and correct defect call-out. The tool is proposed as an alternative option for x-ray inspection that is found to be incapable in proper detection and accurate measurement of gaps and un-occupied area within the adhesive thickness that produces over estimation of production rejects.
Receptor‐Interacting Protein Kinase 3 (RIPK3) inhibits autophagic flux during necroptosis in intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Otsubo Kana , Maeyashiki Chiaki , Nibe Yoichi , Tamura Akiko , Aonuma Emi , Matsuda Hiroki , Kobayashi Masanori , Onizawa Michio , Nemoto Yasuhiro , Nagaishi Takashi , Okamoto Ryuichi , Tsuchiya Kiichiro , Nakamura Tetsuya , Torii Satoru , Itakura Eisuke , Watanabe Mamoru , Oshima Shigeru
Published: January 2020

Autophagy is an intracellular process that regulates the degradation of cytosolic proteins and organelles. Dying cells often accumulate autophagosomes. However, the mechanisms by which necroptotic stimulation induces autophagosomes are not defined. Here, we demonstrate that the activation of necroptosis with TNF‐α plus the cell‐permeable pan‐caspase inhibitor Z‐VAD induces LC3‐II and LC3 puncta, markers of autophagosomes, via the receptor‐interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) in intestinal epithelial cells. Surprisingly, necroptotic stimulation reduces autophagic activity, as evidenced by enlarged puncta of the autophagic substrate SQSTM1/p62 and its increased colocalization with LC3. However, necroptotic stimulation does not induce the lysosomal‐associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) nor syntaxin 17, which mediates autophagosome–lysosome fusion, to colocalize with LC3. These data indicate that necroptosis attenuates autophagic flux before the lysosome fusion step. Our findings may provide insights into human diseases involving necroptosis.
Nugget Formation and Characterization of Effect of Cover Plate on the Formation of Solidification Defects in Resistance Spot Welding of Dissimilar Al6016/HC420LA Steel
Authors: Zhenkang Xiao , Jiangwei Ren , Youfeng Zhang , Xiying Zhou
Published: February 2020

Herein, 6016 aluminum alloy is joined to HC420LA high‐strength steel by resistance spot welding technology with two kinds of cover plates. The morphology and microstructure of the joint are observed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The formation mechanism and control methods of solidification defects such as shrinkage cavities and cracks are discussed. The results show that independent nuggets form on aluminum alloy and high‐strength steel side, respectively, when two kinds of cover plates are added. In some special conditions, the aluminum/steel interface presents a double‐peak shape because of the imbalance between the stress from molten aluminum and that from applied force. Meanwhile, a large shrinkage cavity and longitudinal crack originate from the shrinkage cavity form in the nugget on the aluminum side. All these defects generate in the process of solidification, and a model is established to explain the formation mechanism of solidification defects. Moreover, the control methods to prevent the solidification defects are discussed. Based on the model and control methods, a good joint without solidification defects is produced.
Evaporation‐Induced Vertical Alignment Enabling Directional Ion Transport in a 2D‐Nanosheet‐Based Battery Electrode
Authors: Zhu Yue , Ju Zhengyu , Zhang Xiao , Lutz Diana M. , Housel Lisa M. , Zhou Yangen , Takeuchi Kenneth J. , Takeuchi Esther S. , Marschilok Amy C. , Yu Guihua
Published: January 2020

2D nanosheets have been widely explored as electrode materials owing to their extraordinarily high electrochemical activity and fast solid‐state diffusion. However, the scalable electrode fabrication based on this type of material usually suffers from severe performance losses due to restricted ion‐transport kinetics in a large thickness. Here, a novel strategy based on evaporation‐induced assembly to enable directional ion transport via forming vertically aligned nanosheets is reported. The orientational ordering is achieved by a rapid evaporation of mixed solvents during the electrode fabrication process. Compared with conventional drop‐cast electrodes, which exhibit a random arrangement of the nanosheets and obvious decrease of rate performance with increasing thickness, the electrode based on the vertically aligned nanosheets is able to retain the original high rate capability even at high mass loadings and electrode thickness. Combined electrochemical and structural characterization reveals the electrode composed of orientation‐controlled nanosheets to possess lower charge‐transfer resistances, leading to more complete phase transformation in the active material.
Flourishing Self‐Healing Surface Materials: Recent Progresses and Challenges
Authors: Chang Tie , Panhwar Fazil , Zhao Gang
Published: February 2020

In the past few decades, the self‐healing surface materials with durable mechanical, functional, and structural properties have attracted enormous research interests, which exhibit great potential in energy conversion devices, sensors, electronic skins, superhydrophobic fabrics, medical/biological hydrogel, and a protective coating. Despite the remarkable progresses achieved in the self‐healing surface, the systematic and overall reviews that focus on self‐healing surface materials are still lacking and in urgent need. Herein, the recent advances in the development of self‐healing surface materials are summarized. The surface damage forms that composed of cracks, scratches, punctures, and surface wear, are systematically reviewed. The self‐healing mechanism and methods at interface are then introduced to briefly explain the basic design principle. The recent developments of functional surfaces including superhydrophobic, oleophobic, antifogging, anti‐icing, antibiofouling, and anticorrosion surfaces with self‐healing functions are further discussed. Finally, the contemporary challenges, and the future perspectives that motivate are proposed to create more innovative self‐healing materials for diverse fields.
Ferroelectric Behavior in Exfoliated 2D Aurivillius Oxide Flakes of Sub‐Unit Cell Thickness
Authors: Keeney Lynette , Smith Ronan J. , Palizdar Meghdad , Schmidt Michael , Bell Andrew J. , Coleman Jonathan N. , Whatmore Roger W.
Published: January 2020

Ferroelectricity in ultrasonically exfoliated flakes of the layered Aurivillius oxide Bi5Ti3Fe0.5Co0.5O15 with a range of thicknesses is studied. These flakes have relatively large areas (linear dimensions many times the film thickness), thus classifying them as 2D materials. It is shown that ferroelectricity can exist in flakes with thicknesses of only 2.4 nm, which equals one‐half of the normal crystal unit cell. Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) demonstrates that these very thin flakes exhibit both piezoelectric effects and that the ferroelectric polarization can be reversibly switched. A new model is presented that permits the accurate modeling of the field‐on and field‐off PFM time domain and hysteresis loop responses from a ferroelectric during switching in the presence of charge injection, storage, and decay through a Schottky barrier at the electrode–oxide interface. The extracted values of spontaneous polarization, 0.04(±0.02) C m−2 and electrostrictive coefficient, 2(±0.1) × 10−2 m4 C−2 are in good agreement with other ferroelectric Aurivillius oxides. Coercive field scales with thickness, closely following the semi‐empirical scaling law expected for ferroelectric materials. This constitutes the first evidence for ferroelectricity in a 2D oxide material, and it offers the prospect of new devices that might use the useful properties associated with the switchable ferroelectric spontaneous polarization in a 2D materials format.
A Glycosylated Cationic Block Poly(β‐peptide) Reverses Intrinsic Antibiotic Resistance in All ESKAPE Gram‐Negative Bacteria
Authors: Si Zhangyong , Lim Hui Wen , Tay Moon Y. F. , Du Yu , Ruan Lin , Qiu Haofeng , Zamudio‐Vazquez Rubí , Reghu Sheethal , Chen Yahua , Tiong Wen Shuo , Marimuthu Kalisvar , De Partha Pratim , Ng Oon Tek , Zhu Yabin , Gan Yunn‐Hwen , Chi Yonggui Robin , Duan Hongwei , Bazan Guillermo C. , Greenberg E. Peter , Chan‐Park Mary B. , Pethe Kevin
Published: February 2020

Carbapenem‐resistant Gram‐negative bacteria (GNB) are heading the list of pathogens for which antibiotics are the most critically needed. Many antibiotics are either unable to penetrate the outer‐membrane or are excluded by efflux mechanisms. Here, we report a cationic block β‐peptide (PAS8‐b‐PDM12) that reverses intrinsic antibiotic resistance in GNB by two distinct mechanisms of action. PAS8‐b‐PDM12 does not only compromise the integrity of the bacterial outer‐membrane, it also deactivates efflux pump systems by dissipating the transmembrane electrochemical potential. As a result, PAS8‐b‐PDM12 sensitizes carbapenem‐ and colistin‐resistant GNB to multiple antibiotics in vitro and in vivo. The β‐peptide allows the perfect alternation of cationic versus hydrophobic side chains, representing a significant improvement over previous antimicrobial α‐peptides sensitizing agents. Together, our results indicate that it is technically possible for a single adjuvant to reverse innate antibiotic resistance in all pathogenic GNB of the ESKAPE group, including those resistant to last resort antibiotics.
Mercaptothiacalixarenes Steer 24 Copper(I) Centers to form a Hollow‐Sphere Structure Featuring Cu2S2 Motifs with Exceptionally Short Cu⋅⋅⋅Cu Distances
Authors: Frank Nicolas , Dallmann André , Braun‐Cula Beatrice , Herwig Christian , Limberg Christian
Published: February 2020

Tetramercaptotetrathiacalix[4]arene (LH4) can be used as a coordination platform to bind four CuI ions at the thiolate and thioether S atoms. Donor ligands such as phosphanes can stabilize the resulting [LCu4] units, which then remain monomeric ([(Ph3PCu)4L]). In the absence of donor ligands, they aggregate, providing a hexamer ([LCu4]6) in high yields, with a hollow‐sphere structure formed by an unprecedented Cu24S48 cage that is surrounded by the organic framework of the calixarene chalices. Preliminary NMR experiments with regard to the host‐guest chemistry in solution showed that the compound represents a polytopic host for acetonitrile and methane.
Amidation‐Dominated Re‐Assembly Strategy for Single‐Atom Design/Nano‐Engineering: Constructing Ni/S/C Nanotubes with Fast and Stable K‐Storage
Authors: Yi Zheng , Jiang Song , Tian Jie , Qian Yong , Chen Shimou , Wei Shiqiang , Lin Ning , Qian Yitai
Published: January 2020

An amidation‐dominated re‐assembly strategy is developed to prepare uniform single atom Ni/S/C nanotubes. In this re‐assembly process, a single‐atom design and nano‐structured engineering are realized simultaneously. Both the NiO5 single‐atom active centers and nanotube framework endow the Ni/S/C ternary composite with accelerated reaction kinetics for potassium‐ion storage. Theoretical calculations and electrochemical studies prove that the atomically dispersed Ni could enhance the convention kinetics and decrease the decomposition energy barrier of the chemically‐absorbed small‐molecule sulfur in Ni/S/C nanotubes, thus lowering the electrode reaction overpotential and resistance remarkably. The mechanically stable nanotube framework could well accommodate the volume variation during potassiation/depotassiation process. As a result, a high K‐storage capacity of 608 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 and stable cycling capacity of 330.6 mAh g−1 at 1000 mA g−1 after 500 cycles are achieved.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Benzophenanthrosilines by C−H/C−H Coupling through 1,4‐Palladium Migration/Alkene Stereoisomerization
Authors: Tsuda Tomohiro , Kawakami Yuka , Choi Seung‐Min , Shintani Ryo
Published: January 2020

A new and efficient synthesis of 8H‐benzo[e]phenanthro[1,10‐bc]silines from 2‐((2‐(arylethynyl)aryl)silyl)aryl triflates under palladium catalysis has been developed. The reaction mechanism was experimentally investigated and a catalytic cycle involving C−H/C−H coupling through a new mode of 1,4‐palladium migration with concomitant alkene stereoisomerization is proposed.
Efficient and Stable Thin‐Film Luminescent Solar Concentrators Enabled by Near‐Infrared Emission Perovskite Nanocrystals
Authors: Wu Jiajing , Tong Jianyu , Gao Yuan , Wang Aifei , Zhang Tao , Tan Hairen , Nie Shuming , Deng Zhengtao
Published: January 2020

A novel triphenylphosphine (TPP) treatment strategy was developed to prepare the near‐infrared emission CsPbI3 nanocrystal (NC)‐polymer composite thin‐film luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) featuring high absolute photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), low reabsorption, and high stability. The PL emission of the LSCs is centered at about 700 nm with 99.4±0.4 % PLQY and narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 75 meV (30 nm). Compared with LSCs prepared with classic CsPbI3 NCs, the stability of the LSCs after TPP treatments has been greatly improved, even after long‐term (30 days) immersion in water and strong mercury‐lamp irradiation (50 mW cm−2). Owing to the presence of lone‐pair electrons on the phosphorus atom, TPP is also used as a photoinitiator, with higher efficiency than other common photoinitiators. Large‐area (ca. 75 cm2) infrared LSCs were achieved with a high optical conversion efficiency of 3.1 % at a geometric factor of 10.
Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Propargyl Amide with Vicinal Stereocenters through Ir‐Catalyzed Hydroalkynylation
Authors: Zhang Wen‐Wen , Zhang Su‐Lei , Li Bi‐Jie
Published: January 2020

Chiral propargyl amines are valuable synthetic intermediates for the preparation of biologically active compounds and functionalized amines. Catalytic methods to access propargyl amines containing vicinal stereocenters with high diastereoselectivity are particularly rare. We report an unprecedented strategy for the synthesis of enantioenriched propargyl amines with two stereogenic centres. An iridium complex, ligated by a phosphoramidite ligand, catalyzes the hydroalkynylation of β,β‐disubstituted enamides to afford propargyl amides in a highly regio‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselective fashion. Stereodivergent synthesis of all four possible stereoisomers was achieved using this strategy.
Retracted: A new class of copper(I) complexes with imine‐containing chelators which show potent anticancer activity
Authors: Choodari Milani Neda , Maghsoud Yazdan , Hosseini Mahdieh , Babaei Abouzar , Rahmani Hamidreza , Roe Stephen Mark , Gholivand Khodayar
Published: January 2020

Seven novel complexes (C1–C7) were synthesized by the interaction between Cu(I) metal cation, L1, L2, L3, X and PPh3, where L1–L3 are derivatives of ((pyridine‐2‐ylmethylene)amino)phenol imine ligands and X = Cl−, Br−, I−, NCS−. All the complexes were characterized using infrared, 1H NMR and 31P NMR spectroscopies. The crystal structures of C1–C7 were also determined using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The organization of the crystal structures and the intermolecular interactions are discussed. The supramolecular assemblies are driven by cooperative π…π interactions and hydrogen bonds, followed by CH…π linkages. The potential anticancer effect of C1–C7 was assessed for human glioblastoma cells using several anticancer experiments, which showed that these complexes have marked anticancer property against U87 cells. It was also found that the minimum and maximum anticancer effects are shown by C3‐ and C4‐treated samples, respectively. Furthermore, theoretical approaches were used to investigate the nature of metal–ligand interactions which suggest a closed‐shell and electrostatic character for Cu…N, Cu…P and Cu…X bonds.
Thermal and geometry impacts on the structure and mechanical properties of part produced by polymer additive manufacturing
Authors: Charlon Sébastien , Soulestin Jérémie
Published: January 2020

A relatively new additive manufacturing machine called Freeformer was employed as an alternative to common Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) machines. While FFF machines are fed with expensive and few commercially available filament feedstock, Freeformer is fed with cheap and common polymer pellets. In this study, more than 400 dumbbells made of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) were processed varying many processing conditions to evaluate their impacts on the structure and so on, the mechanical properties of 3D parts. Among processing parameter, nozzle temperature, manufacturing chamber temperature, discharge parameters, filling density, raster geometry, slicing distance, number of contour lines, processing speed, filling raster‐contour lines overlap, and processing angles were studied. Images obtained with a scanning electron microscope and 3D part density estimations reveal strong changes on the 3D part structure as a function of the processing parameters so that tensile tests exhibit high variations between the 3D part mechanical properties.
Improving the flame‐retardant property of bottle‐grade PET foam made by reactive foam extrusion
Authors: Bethke Christian , Goedderz Daniela , Weber Lais , Standau Tobias , Döring Manfred , Altstädt Volker
Published: February 2020

Upcycling of low intrinsic viscosity (IV) poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) grades, such as bottle‐ or recycled grades, by a reactive foam extrusion process, provides an appropriate alternative to high pricing, high IV grades commonly used for foaming applications. However, the drawback of bottle‐grade PET foams is its flame retardant (FR) performance. In this study, pyromellitic dianhydride was used as a chain extender to foam bottle‐grade PET. The influence of different FRs, containing halogenated (HFR) and four different phosphorous‐based types, on the processability and final foam properties was investigated. HFR showed better processability to achieve proper foams with fine morphology compared to P‐based FRs, where the FR content was adjusted between 2 and 5 wt%. However, HFR exhibited lower FR performance by cone calorimeter testing compared to the P‐based FRs and the commercial reference foam Kerdyn. Nonetheless, all of the FRs can only improve the time to ignition of the neat PET foams while the other values depend on the specific type of FR. In addition, all FR foams have improved mechanical properties more than twice in comparison to the neat PET foam.
The flame retardant and thermal performances of polypropylene with a novel intumescent flame retardant
Authors: Qi Hongsheng , Liu Sawen , Chen Xiuling , Shen Chunhui , Gao Shanjun
Published: February 2020

A novel mono‐component intumescent flame retardant(m‐IFR), called poly‐(spirocyclic pentaerythritol bisphosphonate‐1,3,5‐triazine‐O‐bicyclic pentaerythritol phosphate) (PSTBP) was synthesized and characterized. PSTBP was used in polypropylene (PP) to obtain PP/PSTBP mixture whose flame retardancy, thermostability, and water resistance were studied by limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL‐94 V) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). In addition, flame‐retardant mechanism of the PSTBP was investigated. The results showed that the residue of PSTBP reached 34.58% at 800°C and the volume of the PSTBP increased by dozens of times. When the content of PSTBP was 30.0 wt%, the PP/PSTBP mixture could achieve an LOI value of 32.5% and an UL‐94 V‐0 rating. Compared with PP/APP/PER system, PP/PSTBP mixture showed better water resistance. The TGA and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results showed that PSTBP could generate free radicals and capture the free radicals of the thermal decomposition of PP, and form a dense, strong, and thick intumescent char on the substrate, thus effectively retard the degradation and combustion of PP.
2‐nm‐Thick NiCo LDH@NiSe Single‐Crystal Nanorods Grown on Ni Foam as Integrated Electrode with Enhanced Areal Capacity for Supercapacitors
Authors: Lu Chengxing , Yan Yu , Zhai Tengfei , Fan Yuzun , Zhou Wei
Published: February 2020

It remains a great challenge to simultaneously guarantee the conductivity and high areal loading of active materials for integrated electrode of supercapacitors. Herein, we designed a hierarchical structure with cores of NiSe single‐crystal nanorods and sheaths of 2‐nm‐thick NiCo thin sheets grown on nickel foam (NiCo LDH@NiSe/NF) as integrated electrode. It reaches a high areal capacity of 1131 μAh cm−2 at a current density of 5 mA cm−2, which is 2.2 times of NiSe/NF (522 μAh cm−2) and 6.0 times of NiCo LDH/NF (189 μAh cm−2), superior to most reported integrated electrodes. The enhanced areal capacity can be ascribed to the high active material loading of 6.5 mg cm−2 (twice more than other reported values) and considerable conductivity of single‐crystal NiSe nanorods of 2630 S cm−1. The fabricated hierarchical integrated electrode of NiCo LDH@NiSe/NF assembled with activated carbon shows a maximum energy density of 0.454 mWh cm−2 and a maximum power density of 80 mW cm−2. This work presents supports of single‐crystal nanorods for thin LDH sheets to fabricate high‐density hierarchical structure for integrated electrode, which improves the conductivity and structural stability of active materials especially the LDHs, resulting in excellent electrochemical performance. It offers a promising approach to engineer and fabricate advanced supercapacitors with enhanced areal capacity.
Twenty‐First‐Century Climate Education: Developing Diverse, Confident, and Competent Leaders in Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Halliwell Philip , Whipple Sarah , Hassel Kelly N. , Bowser Gillian , Husic Diane White , Brown Mark A.
Published: February 2020

With climate change impacting systems globally at alarming rates, the need for educating the next generation of environmental stewards is necessary. The Rocky Mountain Sustainability and Science Network (RMSSN) is an immersive field experience for undergraduate and graduate students interested in climate change and sustainability within National Parks. The program was established to educate and cultivate a diverse audience of future leaders, environmental guardians, and sustainability advocates with a focus on engaging underrepresented minorities (URM) in science. Participants were evaluated through efficacy instruments and focus groups to determine how a short‐term research experience could impact a student's future outlook and perceived ability to impact science and sustainability. Findings indicate URM, and majority students were more confident in their abilities, and more motivated to continue within their studies. RMSSN provides a framework that is translatable to other field‐based curriculums. This paper addresses specific engagement mechanisms for educating future science leaders.
Engineering substrate and energy metabolism for living cell production of cytidine‐5′‐diphosphocholine
Authors: Ren Yanna , Liu Qi , Liu Haifeng , Zhou Xiangshan , Zhang Yuanxing , Cai Menghao
Published: January 2020

Cytidine‐5′‐diphosphocholine (CDP‐choline) is a widely used neuroprotective drug for multiple indications. In industry, CDP‐choline is synthesized by a two‐step cell culture/permeabilized cell biotransformation method because substrates often do not enter cells in an efficient manner. This study develops a novel one‐step living cell fermentation method for CDP‐choline production. For this purpose, the feasibility of Pichia pastoris as a chassis was demonstrated by substrate feeding and CDP‐choline production. Overexpression of choline phosphate cytidylyltransferase and choline kinase enhanced the choline transformation pathway and improved the biosynthesis of CDP‐choline. Furthermore, co‐overexpression of ScHnm1, which is a heterologous choline transporter, highly improved the utilization of choline substrates, despite its easy degradation in cells. This strategy increased CDP‐choline titer by 55‐folds comparing with the wild‐type (WT). Overexpression of cytidine‐5′‐monophosphate (CMP) kinase and CDP kinase in the CMP transformation pathway showed no positive effects. An increase in the ATP production by citrate stimulation or metabolic pathway modification further improved CDP‐choline biosynthesis by 120%. Finally, the orthogonal optimization of key substrates and pH was carried out, and the resulting CDP‐choline titer (6.0 g/L) at optimum conditions increased 88 times the original titer in the WT. This study provides a new paradigm for CDP‐choline bioproduction by living cells.
Liver resection with thrombectomy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and tumour thrombus in the inferior vena cava or right atrium
Authors: Matsukuma S , Eguchi H , Wada H , Noda T , Shindo Y , Tokumitsu Y , Matsui H , Takahashi H , Kobayashi S , Nagano H
Published: February 2020

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with tumour thrombus (TT) in the inferior vena cava (IVC) or right atrium (RA) is a rare advanced disease state with a poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to examine survival after surgical resection.

Methods

Patients with HCC and TT of either the IVC or RA, who underwent liver resection between February 1997 and July 2017, were included. Their short- and long-term outcomes and surgical details were analysed retrospectively.

Results

Thirty-seven patients were included; 16 patients had TT in the IVC below the diaphragm, eight had TT in the IVC above the diaphragm, and 13 had TT entering the RA. Twelve patients had advanced portal vein TT (portal vein invasion (Vp) greater than Vp3 and Vp4), ten had bilobar disease, and 12 had extrahepatic disease. There were no in-hospital deaths, although two patients died within 90 days. Median survival did not differ between patients who had resection with curative intent (18·7 months) and those with residual tumour in the lung only (20·7 months), but survival was poor for patients with residual tumour in the liver (8·3 months).

Conclusion

Liver resection with thrombectomy for advanced HCC with TT in the IVC or RA is safe and feasible, leading to moderate survival.
Police surveillance of cell phone location data: Supreme Court versus public opinion
Authors: Marshall Emma W. , Groscup Jennifer L. , Brank Eve M. , Perez Analay , Hoetger Lori A.
Published: January 2020

The Fourth Amendment to the US Constitution protects individuals from unreasonable searches and seizures. As technology evolves, courts must examine Fourth Amendment concerns implicated by the introduction of new and enhanced police surveillance techniques. Recent Supreme Court cases have demonstrated a trend towards reconsidering the mechanical application of traditional Fourth Amendment doctrine to define the scope of constitutional protections for modern technological devices and personal data. The current research examined whether public opinion regarding privacy rights in electronic communications is in accordance with these Supreme Court rulings. Results suggest that cell phone location data is perceived as more private and deserving of protections than other types of location data, but the privacy of other types of information recorded on cell phones is valued even more than location data. These results have implications for the police and courts considering how the Fourth Amendment will apply to smart phone technologies.
Feeding tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates improves lactate consumption and antibody production in Chinese hamster ovary cell cultures
Authors: Zhang Xiaolin , Jiang Rubin , Lin Henry , Xu Sen
Published: February 2020

Media components play an important role in modulating cell metabolism and improving product titer in mammalian cell cultures. To sustain cell productivity, highly active oxidative metabolism is desired. Here we explored the effect of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates supplementation on lactate metabolism and productivity in Chinese hamster ovary fed‐batch cultures. Direct addition of 5 mM alpha‐ketoglutarate (α‐KG), malic acid, or succinic acid in the basal medium did not have any significant impact on culture performance. On the other hand, feeding α‐KG, malic acid, and succinic acid in the stationary phase, either as a single solution or as a mixture, significantly improved lactate consumption, reduced ammonium accumulation, and led to higher cell specific productivity and antibody titer (~35% increase for the best condition). Delivering those intermediates as an acidic solution for pH control eliminated CO2 sparging and accumulation. Feeding TCA cycle intermediates was also demonstrated to be superior to feeding lactic acid or pyruvic acid in titer improvement. Taken together, feeding TCA cycle intermediates was effective in improving lactate consumption and increasing product titer, which is likely due to enhanced oxidative metabolism in an extended duration.
Circular RNA CCDC66 facilitates abdominal aortic aneurysm through the overexpression of CCDC66
Authors: Yang Rui , Wang Zhiwei , Meng Guangran , Hua Li
Published: January 2020

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is fatal meanwhile unpredictable asymptomatic cardiovascular disease. Available data suggests the potential participation of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in AAA pathogenesis. But direct evidence is limited. The present study is to functionally and mechanically characterize circRNA CCDC66 (circCCDC66) in AAA. Previous work indicated the differentially expressed circCCDC66 in AAA. At molecular level, circCCDC66, miR‐342‐3p and CCDC66 transcript were measured through real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. Functionally, we examined the cellular behaviours of circCCDC66‐depleted or CCDC66‐depleted vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) including proliferation and apoptosis. It elucidated that depletion of circCCDC66 induced proliferation facilitation and apoptosis reduction. Mechanically, we addressed the interplay among circCCDC66, miR‐342‐3p and CCDC66 transcript using RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA pull‐down and luciferase reporter experiments. Through mechanical validation, we discovered the positive regulation of circCCDC66 on its host gene CCDC66. Loss of CCDC66 mimicked the effects of circCCDC66 silencing on VSMC growth. Moreover, it uncovered that circCCDC66 regulated CCDC66‐dependent VSMC growth through sponging miR‐342‐3p. Rescue experiments aimed to address the functional role of regulatory network formed by circCCDC66, miR‐342‐3p and CCDC66 in VSMC growth and apoptosis. Suppressing miR‐342‐3p or overexpressing CCDC66 could reverse VSMC growth caused by circCCDC66 deficiency. Our study further emphasized and first unveiled the function of circCCDC66 in VSMC proliferation. CircCCDC66 upregulated its host gene through its role of miR‐342‐3p sponge, and hinted a novel molecular mechanism in AAA.

Significance of the study

It was firstly displayed in our study that depletion of circCCDC66 induced proliferation augmentation and apoptosis reduction of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Meanwhile, circCCDC66/miR‐342‐3p/CCDC66 axis was proved can play the function of modulating the cell proliferation and apoptosis of VSMCs, which provided us a novel molecular mechanism in AAA.
Characterization of a Self‐Sufficient Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase from Deinococcus apachensis for Enantioselective Benzylic Hydroxylation
Authors: Xie Lingzhi , Chen Ke , Cui Haibo , Wan Nanwei , Cui Baodong , Han Wenyong , Chen Yongzheng
Published: February 2020

A self‐sufficient cytochrome P450 monooxygenase from Deinococcus apachensis (P450DA) was identified and successfully overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). P450DA would be a member of the CYP102D subfamily and assigned as CYP102D2 according to the phylogenetic tree and sequence alignment. Purification and characterization of the recombinant P450DA indicated both NADH and NADPH could be used by P450DA as a reducing cofactor. The recombinant E. coli (P450DA) strain was functionally active, showing excellent enantioselectivity for benzylic hydroxylation of methyl 2‐phenylacetate. Further substrate scope studies revealed that P450DA is able to catalyze benzylic hydroxylation of a variety of compounds, affording the corresponding chiral benzylic alcohols in 86–99 % ee and 130–1020 total turnover numbers.
First in man study of a new semi‐open cell design Zephyr cobalt–chromium stent in large vessels and conduits
Authors: Sivakumar Kothandam , Anantharaj Avinash , Raghuram Palaparti , Krishna Kumar Raman , Vani Preeti , Neuss Malte
Published: January 2020

Objectives

We present a first‐in‐man clinical use of a new hybrid design stent in stenosed large vessels. Its unique C and S polylinks prevent foreshortening without compromising its strength. Its thin profile permits use of smaller introducer sheaths.

Background

Stent angioplasty is widely employed in large vessel and conduit stenosis. These procedures are associated with difficulties due to large stent profiles, stent fractures, foreshortening and recoil. Cobalt chromium stents have high tensile strengths compared to stainless steel stents.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of feasibility and safety of a new Cobalt chromium stent in large vessels namely aorta, pulmonary arteries and outflow conduits was done from two institutions. Demographic patient details, procedural results, complications and medium term follow‐up were analyzed. Stent recoil, foreshortening, fractures were assessed.

Results

Twenty patients including three with aortic coarctations, seven with stenosed conduits and 10 with pulmonary artery stenosis underwent stent angioplasty using 23 stents. Three stents were deployed to expand further a previously implanted stent. Procedure was successful in all patients, lumen increased by 150–300%, gradients reduced in all patients. There was no stent recoil, foreshortening or fractures. There were no complications. At a follow up of 3–27 months, there were no stent related complications and the gradients remained stable.

Conclusions

The new Zephyr stent was useful in a wide variety of stenotic lesions involving large vessels including those that were previously stented. Lack of stent recoil and foreshortening seems to be an advantage for this new stent that needs validation in larger multicenter studies.
Hierarchical ZSM‐5 Catalysts: The Effect of Different Intracrystalline Pore Dimensions on Catalyst Deactivation Behaviour in the MTO Reaction
Authors: Weissenberger Tobias , Machoke Albert G. F. , Bauer Jürgen , Dotzel Ralf , Casci John L. , Hartmann Martin , Schwieger Wilhelm
Published: February 2020

Abstract: We present the effect of different combinations of intracrystalline pore systems in hierarchical ZSM‐5 zeolites on their performance as MTO catalysts. We prepared ZSM‐5 zeolites with additional intracrystalline mesoporous, intracrystalline macropores and a novel ZSM‐5 type zeolite with intracrystalline meso and macropores. The catalytic results showed that both used catalysts with mesopores and macropores exhibited three times longer catalyst lifetime compared to a conventional catalyst. However, TGA analysis of the deactivated catalysts showed much larger coke content in the mesoporous catalyst than in the macroporous catalyst. Consequently, macropores predominantly led to reduced coke formation rate while additional mesopores predominantly enhanced the resistance against deactivation by coke. Combining both intracrystalline meso and macropores in one catalyst lead to a tenfold increase in catalyst lifetime. Besides the effect on the catalyst lifetime there was also a strong effect of the additional pore systems on the selectivity of the catalysts. The catalysts containing mesopores showed reduced selectivity to short chain olefins and increased selectivity to larger hydrocarbons in comparison to the catalysts without a mesopores system.