bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Group-Based Interventions for Adolescents with Gaming Disorder or Problematic Gaming Behavior: A Systematic Review
Authors: Boonen Huub , Vanderplasschen Wouter , Sinclair Deborah L. , Flayelle Maèva , Billieux Joël
Published: May 2024

Purpose of Review

Although gaming disorder (GD) is prevalent during adolescence and group-based interventions (GBIs) prove highly beneficial for substance use disorders, much remains unknown regarding their utility for addressing problematic gaming (PG) and GD. This systematic review thus explores the potential value of GBIs for adolescents with PG/GD.

Recent Findings

With the inclusion of PG/GD as a potential diagnosis by the American Psychiatric Association in 2013 and the acceptance of GD as a psychological disorder by the World Health Organization in 2019, research on this topic has proliferated. Although reviews to date have accorded attention to cognitive behavioral therapy, technology-based interventions, or focused on broader conditions such as “Internet addiction,” none has exclusively focused on GBIs or adolescent populations.

The findings from the eight retained studies suggest a positive impact of GBIs on adolescent PG/GD. Nonetheless, the particular benefits of “the group” as a modality remained largely unaddressed. Future research should adopt more rigorous designs to understand its underlying mechanisms.
Soziale Eingebundenheit im individualisierten Unterricht: Eine Experience-Sampling Studie
Authors: Ohl Simon , Dumont Hanna
Published: May 2024

Das Bedürfnis nach sozialer Eingebundenheit gilt als fundamentales Motiv menschlichen Handelns und ist auch für das schulische Lernen von Bedeutung. In einem individualisierten Unterricht, der sich durch einen hohen Anteil selbstgesteuerter Einzelarbeit und eine starke Ausdifferenzierung von Methoden, Materialien und Aufgaben auszeichnet, könnte es sich als Herausforderung gestalten, alle Schüler:innen sozial einzubinden. Ein an den Schüler:innen orientierter individualisierter Unterricht sollte jedoch sowohl die unterschiedlichen Lernvoraussetzungen wie auch das Bedürfnis nach sozialer Eingebundenheit der Schüler:innen im Blick haben. Die vorliegende Studie setzt hier an und untersucht anhand der Experience-Sampling-Methode, inwiefern die Schüler:innen sich im individualisierten Unterricht an Grundschulen, die den Deutschen Schulpreis gewonnen haben, sozial eingebunden fühlen und ob dies mit einer individualisierten Unterrichtsgestaltung auf der Oberflächenstruktur des Unterrichts (Differenzierung der Aufgaben, autonome Aufgabenbearbeitung und selbstgesteuertes Lernen) und Merkmalen der Tiefenstruktur des Unterrichts (kognitive Aktivierung, Klassenführung, konstruktive Unterstützung und Gemeinschaftsgefühl) zusammenhängt. Dazu wurden 237 Schüler:innen der dritten und vierten Jahrgangsstufe aus 22 Klassen mit Tablet-Computern ausgestattet und über eine Woche hinweg durchschnittlich ~10,12-mal nach einer Unterrichtsstunde gefragt, wie wohl sie sich mit ihren Mitschüler:innen fühlten, um die situative soziale Eingebundenheit zu erfassen. Die Lehrkräfte entschieden dabei selbst, wann die Testung durchgeführt wurde. Zunächst wurde untersucht, inwiefern die soziale Eingebundenheit innerhalb und zwischen Schüler:innen sowie zwischen Unterrichtsstunden und zwischen Klassen variiert. Es zeigte sich, dass die meiste Varianz innerhalb und zwischen Schüler:innen lag. Darüber hinaus konnten positive Zusammenhänge zwischen der sozialen Eingebundenheit und Merkmalen einer individualisierten Unterrichtsgestaltung (autonome Aufgabenbearbeitung) sowie Merkmalen der Unterrichtsqualität (konstruktive Unterstützung und Gemeinschaftsgefühl) auf Ebene der Schüler:innen sowie der Klassen gefunden werden. Die Studie liefert erste Erkenntnisse über die Variabilität der sozialen Eingebundenheit im individualisierten Unterricht und hebt die Bedeutung einer positiven Beziehung zwischen der Lehrkraft und den Schüler:innen sowie den Schüler:innen untereinander hervor.
Parametric Dynamic Simulation and Bayesian Design Optimization of a Front-Loading Washing Machine
Authors: Hashemian Fatemeh , Yang Haizhou , Wang Yi , Deng Xiaomin , Kim Seungoh , Vaidhyanathan Raveendran
Published: May 2024

Objective

This paper presents the dynamic modeling and design optimization of a fully parametrized front-loading washing machine.

Methods

 A thorough mathematical analysis is performed to capture the effect of nine design variables (including rotation speed, spring stiffness, weight balancer mass density, damping coefficient, spring and damper angles) on vibrational characteristics of the washing machine. The parametric simulation reveals a complex relationship between the vibrational dynamics and design variables, entailing a computationally efficient optimization approach. A Bayesian Optimization (BO) framework is developed, in which a Gaussian process model and Genetic Algorithm (GA) are utilized along with carefully selected acquisition functions to enable adaptive sampling and search for optimal design values. The objective function is to minimize the maximum amplitude of the tub displacement inside the washing machine body. Two case studies are performed to consider a different number of design variables and choices of various infill methods.

Results

Results show that the fully parametrized front-loading washing machine model is applicable for parametric simulation and design optimization. The proposed BO is able to successfully find a set of design variable values corresponding to the lowest maximum displacement for vibration reduction. A comparison analysis is also carried out to exhibit the difference in optimization convergence and computational cost caused by the choice of acquisition functions.

Conclusion

It is shown that the fully parametrized washing machine model yields a lower maximum displacement than the model with fewer design variables. Of the two acquisition functions studied for optimization, the Expected Improvement function converges more rapidly than the Lower Bound criterion.
A Preliminary Analysis of Incidental Bidirectional Naming and Derived Listener and Speaker Relations for Literacy Responses
Authors: Abdool-Ghany Faheema , Fienup Daniel
Published: May 2024

In the realm of behavioral research, significant contributions have greatly advanced reading studies, influencing educational practices. We explored the relationship between the degrees of incidental bidirectional naming (Inc-BiN) capabilities and children's derived relations for literacy responses. Inc-BiN is a repertoire whereby a child acquires listener and speaker responses from observation alone. Incidental unidirectional naming (Inc-UniN) occurs when observation of object-names produces listener, but not speaker behavior. Students who did not demonstrate listener and speaker components were classified as having No Incidental Naming (NiN). Across two studies, we evaluated how component skills involved in Inc-BiN are connected to emergent literacy responses in preschoolers with a disability. In Study 1, participants completed two conditions: (1) directly reinforcing speaker responses and testing for the emergence of listener responses, and (2) directly reinforcing listener responses and testing for the emergence of speaker responses. Results suggested that participants with Inc-BiN readily derived both speaker and listener responses, participants with Inc-UniN readily derived listener, but not speaker responses, and participants with NiN had difficulty acquiring directly reinforced responses and deriving responses. In Study 2, we established Inc-BiN with participants and readministered Study 1 tests. Our results suggest overlap between incidental bidirectional naming and derived responses and point to how one can incorporate derived relations instruction and differentiate instruction for children with varying repertoires.
Analysis of Maternal and Fetal Oxidative Stress During Delivery with Epidural Analgesia
Authors: Yuba Tomoo , Koyama Yoshihisa , Kinishi Yuki , Uokawa Reiko , Ootaki Chiyo , Shimada Shoichi , Fujino Yuji
Published: May 2024

Childbirth is a stressful event for mothers, and labor epidural analgesia (LEA) may reduce mental stress. Mental stressors include labor pain, fear, and anxiety, which induce oxidative stress. In this study, we focused on oxidative stress during delivery and conducted a cross-sectional analysis of maternal and fetal oxidative stress. The participants included 15 women who received LEA (LEA group) and 15 who did not (No LEA group). Participants with a gestational age of < 37 weeks, BMI of ≥ 35 kg/m2, cerebrovascular or cardiovascular complications, multiple pregnancies, gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, chronic hypertension, thyroid disease, birth weight of < 2,500 g, emergency cesarean section, or cases in which epidural anesthesia was re-administered during delivery were excluded from the study. Maternal blood was collected on admission, and immediately after delivery, and umbilical artery blood was collected from the fetus. The oxidative stress status was assessed by measuring diacron-reactive oxygen metabolite (an index of the degree of lipid peroxide oxidation), biological antioxidant potential (an index of antioxidant capacity) and calculating the ratio of BAP/d-ROMs (an index of the oxidative stress). The results showed that maternal oxidative stress immediately after delivery was lower in the LEA group than in the No LEA group. Moreover, the fetuses experienced less oxidative stress in the LEA group than in the No LEA group. Taken together, these results suggest that LEA may reduce maternal and fetal oxidative stress associated with childbirth.
Impact of E-leadership on organizational citizenship behaviour of faculty members in higher education: information and communication technology as a mediator
Authors: Abuowda Abdallatif , Iwidat Hani , Alawnah Marwan
Published: May 2024

Several leadership studies have linked e-leadership behaviours to individual, team, and organizational outcomes, but the magnitude of the link across settings and levels of analysis is still unclear. This association may be affected by various causes and mechanisms. Therefore, additional research is needed to determine how e-leadership behaviours are more effective. This study explored how e-leadership affects faculty members’ organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB). Information and communication technology (ICT) was proposed as a developmental mechanism to mediate the link between e-leadership and OCB. This study used quantitative methods. Researchers obtain data using basic random sampling. Google Forms were used to distribute the questionnaires. The proposed model was evaluated with 355 respondents from 11 Palestinian universities. This study employed the structural equation model partial least squares (SEM-PLS) technique utilizing SmartPLS 4 software. This study used validity, reliability, and hypothesis tests. This study has one second-order construct and all reflective variables. Thus, the three latent variables affect the indicators. The results showed that e-leadership is linked to high faculty OCB and that ICT usage mediates this relationship. Additionally, this study examined the theoretical and practical consequences, limitations, and future research areas and suggestions.
Quantum Measurement
Authors: Jordan Andrew N. , Siddiqi Irfan A.
Published: May 2024

This book adopts a novel, physics-first approach to quantum measurement, using physical experiments as the basis to describe the underlying mathematical formalism. Topics covered include weak measurements, quantum measurement reversal, quantum trajectories and the stochastic path integral formalism. The theory of quantum measurement is also covered in detail, including discussion of how it can be tested and demonstrated in a laboratory: how to build quantum-limited amplifiers, fundamental noise limits imposed on measurement by quantum mechanics, and the design of superconducting circuits. This text is an excellent introduction for students with a basic understanding of quantum mechanics wanting to learn more about measurement theory, and the inclusion of a wide selection of end-of-chapter exercises make this book ideal for emerging courses on the topic. Key chapters introducing the foundations of quantum computing and the history of measurement theory are equally accessible to a broader, less specialised audience.
Music in Edwardian London
Authors: McVeigh Simon
Published: May 2024

Traversing London's musical culture, this book boldly illuminates the emergence of Edwardian London as a beacon of musical innovation.
Secular Foundations of the Liberal State in Victorian Britain
Authors: Lubenow William C.
Published: May 2024

Examines the entanglement of secularity and liberality in the foundation of the modern state in Britain.
The British Country House Revival
Authors: Cowell Ben
Published: May 2024

Explore the contributions of British country houses to the nation's cultural life since their early 1970s renaissance.
Economic Analysis of Calving Assistance on Western Canadian Cow-Calf Operations
Authors: Lucio Cecilia , Windeyer M. Claire , Larson Kathy , Pajor Edmond A. , Pearson Jennifer M.
Published: May 2024

The objective was to estimate the difference in cost, revenue, and profit between unassisted and assisted calvings on western Canadian cow-calf operations. Historical records of individual animal production measures from 2015 to 2020 and industry-described inputs were used in a modified decision tree model. The incidence of assisted calvings in heifers and cows was 4.6 and 2%, respectively. Assisted heifers and cows had an expected profit of −$227.43 and −$67.06 CAD per calving, respectively, while unassisted heifers and cows had an expected profit of −$76.11 and $120.12 CAD per calving, respectively. Calving assistance can impact the profitability of western Canadian cow-calf operations.
O’Grady tenfolds as moduli spaces of sheaves
Authors: Felisetti Camilla , Giovenzana Franco , Grossi Annalisa
Published: May 2024

We give a lattice-theoretic characterization for a manifold of

$\operatorname {\mathrm {OG10}}$

type to be birational to some moduli space of (twisted) sheaves on a K3 surface. We apply it to the Li–Pertusi–Zhao variety of

$\operatorname {\mathrm {OG10}}$

type associated to any smooth cubic fourfold. Moreover, we determine when a birational transformation is induced by an automorphism of the K3 surface, and we use this to classify all induced birational symplectic involutions.
Perioperative cefazolin prescribing rates following suppression of alerts for non-IgE-mediated penicillin allergies
Authors: Bogus Ashley , McGinnis Kelley , Vergin Joshua , May Sara M. , Hankins Richard J. , Stohs Erica , Van Schooneveld Trevor C. , Bergman Scott J.
Published: May 2024

Background:

Cefazolin is the preferred antimicrobial for the prevention of surgical site infections (SSIs) in many procedures. The presence of penicillin allergies can influence prescribing of alternative agents like vancomycin. In April 2022, Nebraska Medicine implemented a suppression of alerts for non-IgE-mediated and nonsevere penicillin allergies in the electronic medical record (EMR) upon cephalosporin prescribing. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in perioperative cefazolin for SSI prophylaxis.

Methods:

This was a quasi-experimental study of patients undergoing procedures for which cefazolin was the preferred agent per institutional guidance. Education on the change was distributed via e-mail to surgical staff and pharmacists. Pre- and post-intervention data were collected from April 2021 through March 2022 and April 11, 2022, through October 2022, respectively. Chart review was performed on patients with reported penicillin allergies for the top surgical procedures with <50% cefazolin utilization pre-intervention. The primary outcome was the administration of perioperative cefazolin in patients with penicillin allergies, including unknown reactions.

Results:

A total of 6,676 patients underwent surgical procedures (pre-intervention n = 4,147, post-intervention n = 2,529). Documented penicillin allergies were similar between the pre- and post-intervention group (12.3% vs. 12.6%). In individuals with documented penicillin allergies, cefazolin prescribing increased from 49.6% to 74.3% (p < 0.01). Chart review for safety outcomes identified no difference in new severe reactions, rescue medication, SSIs, acute kidney injury, postoperative Clostridioides difficile infection, or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections.

Conclusion:

Following the suppression of EMR alerts for non-IgE-mediated and nonsevere penicillin allergies, cefazolin prescribing rates for SSI prophylaxis significantly improved.
Branching processes in nearly degenerate varying environment
Authors: Kevei Péter , Kubatovics Kata
Published: May 2024

We investigate branching processes in varying environment, for which
$\overline{f}_n \to 1$
and
$\sum_{n=1}^\infty (1-\overline{f}_n)_+ = \infty$
,
$\sum_{n=1}^\infty (\overline{f}_n - 1)_+ < \infty$
, where
$\overline{f}_n$
stands for the offspring mean in generation n. Since subcritical regimes dominate, such processes die out almost surely, therefore to obtain a nontrivial limit we consider two scenarios: conditioning on nonextinction, and adding immigration. In both cases we show that the process converges in distribution without normalization to a nondegenerate compound-Poisson limit law. The proofs rely on the shape function technique, worked out by Kersting (2020).
Investigating the relationship between heat load and shade seeking behaviour in dairy buffaloes
Authors: Hussain Syed I. , Rashid Muhammad A. , Shahid Muhammad Q.
Published: May 2024

The study presented in this Research Communication aimed to investigate the relationship between physiological responses, body surface temperature and shade-seeking behaviour in Nili Ravi dairy buffaloes during summer months. We enrolled 60 buffaloes, and each animal was observed for three consecutive days starting before sunrise until they moved towards the shade structures. A repeated measures ANOVA was employed to assess the changes in physiological parameters and body surface temperature between the early morning and the occurrence of shade-seeking behaviour. The average temperature humidity index and heat load index during the behavioural monitoring period (0400 to 1200 h) were 81.3 ± 6.5 and 92.9 ± 17, respectively (mean ± sd). There was no significant difference in core body temperature between sunrise and the time of shade-seeking event. However, the buffaloes had a slightly higher respiration rate at the time of shade-seeking (19.2 vs. 22.4 breaths/min). In addition, body surface temperature, measured at the flank region, shoulder, base of the ear and forehead was significantly higher at the occurrence of shade-seeking behaviour compared to the early morning. On average, the buffaloes sought shade when the surface temperature was 2°C higher than the temperature recorded before sunrise. Overall, the current findings suggest that body surface temperature, rather than core body temperature was strongly associated with shade-seeking behaviour in dairy buffaloes. These findings could be useful in developing strategies to mitigate the effects of heat stress in dairy buffalo herds and thereby improve animal welfare.
Reduction of electrostatic turbulence in a quasi-helically symmetric stellarator via critical gradient optimization
Authors: Roberg-Clark G.T. , Xanthopoulos P. , Plunk G.G.
Published: May 2024

We present a stellarator configuration optimized for a large threshold (‘critical gradient’) for the onset of the ion temperature gradient (ITG) driven mode, which achieves the largest critical gradient we have seen in any stellarator. Above this threshold, gyrokinetic simulations show that the configuration has low turbulence levels over an experimentally relevant range of the drive strength. The applied optimization seeks to maximize the drift curvature, leading to enhanced local-shear stabilization of toroidal ITG modes, and the associated turbulence. These benefits are combined with excellent quasi-symmetry, yielding low neoclassical transport and vanishingly small alpha particle losses. Analysis of the resulting configuration suggests a trade-off between magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and ITG stability, as the new configuration possesses a vacuum magnetic hill.
The Public Prosecutor’s Office’s experience using Global Forest Watch to monitor and deter deforestation in the Cerrado
Authors: Correa Gonzaga Claudio Angelo , Roquette José Guilherme , Angeoletto Fabio , Freitas Silgueiro Vinicius De , Bau Macedo Luis Otávio , Valdiones Ana Paula , Matos da Silva Normandes
Published: May 2024

The Cerrado biome is a global biodiversity hotspot, and more than half of its area has been devastated in recent decades. Nevertheless, environmental enforcement agencies have a low capacity for monitoring and curbing illegal deforestation and fires. In this context, the local unit of the Public Prosecutor’s Office in Itiquira, Mato Grosso, has been experimenting since mid-2018 with the Global Forest Watch platform to detect illegal deforestation at its onset and notify landowners by electronic means (WhatsApp, email, etc.). With this remote inspection there has been a significant increase in the number of infraction notices, criminal actions, agreements for civil reparation of damage and public civil suits. By seeking to identify illegal deforestation in progress (in flagrant situations), the Public Prosecutor’s Office has prevented such events from turning into major deforestation. Preliminary data indicate that the practice of monitoring and notifications by the Public Prosecutor’s Office and environmental control agencies has increased law enforcement on deforestation and fires in that municipality and halted infractions at their inception. The challenge now is to determine the extent to which this method can be replicated in broader territories and other biomes such as Amazonia and Pantanal.
T. rex is Fierce, T. rex is Charismatic, T. rex is Litigious: Disruptive Objects in Affective Desirescapes
Authors: Yates Donna , Peacock Emily
Published: May 2024

In this paper we present T. rex fossils as disruptive objects that can drastically influence the actions and reactions of humans that encounter them. We present a vision of the T. rex as being a key node within a web of human and object associations that ultimately produces, first, extreme desire in humans, and then a breakdown in human relationships resulting in disagreements, disputes, lawsuits, and the committing of crime. From there we bring these T. rex fossils into the concept of desirescape which sees a network of object/object and object/human reactions provoking irresistible desire in humans. We argue that this desire can push humans to violate law or social norms or, in several T. rex cases, sue each other. How then should we humans approach T. rex and other disruptive objects? Cautiously, and with the knowledge that these objects may be more powerful than we are.
Re St Anselm's Church, Kennington Cross
Authors: Stuart Jack
Published: May 2024

This petition concerned proposals for major re-ordering works to this Grade II listed church, consecrated in 1933. Of particular interest was the fate of two substantial paintings based on Pilgrim's Progress by Norman Adams, installed in 1972, whose removal was required by the main works proposed. Each painting covered a substantial part of one side of the church above the nave arcades. They were described as being of national importance.
In defence of the Chancellor: a personal perspective
Authors: Etherington David
Published: May 2024

The origins of this comment lie in Charles George KC's article: ‘Do we still need the faculty system?’1 which came towards the end of his tenure of office as Dean of the Arches and Auditor (2009–2020). George himself acknowledged that his conclusion, namely that a no-holds-barred review of the faculty system would now be appropriate, might come as ‘rather a surprise’ and that some might have expected his answer to his own question to be in the affirmative: namely, that we do still need a faculty system.
The actuarial sources of the rise in unfunded liabilities in America's defined benefit plans in the 21st century
Authors: Fuchsman Dillon , Hengerer David , Moody Jonathan , Randazzo Anthony
Published: May 2024

Despite a decade-long bull market between the financial crisis and the COVID-19 recession, state defined benefit pension plans had accrued more than $1.37 trillion in unfunded liabilities. However, little work has investigated the actuarial sources of these unfunded liabilities. This paper uses original data hand collected from publicly available financial reports between 2000 and 2020 for 145 state-administered pension plans to determine the sources of unfunded liabilities. The largest unfunded liability contributor is investment experiences (when actual investment returns do not match assumed returns). The second and third largest contributors are changes to actuarial assumptions and expected changes (or interest accruing on existing unfunded liabilities). Benefit experience and legislative changes, demographic experience, and explicit funding shortfalls account for relatively little of the growth in unfunded liabilities. Moreover, the specific sources of unfunded liabilities are heterogeneous over time and across plans.
Development and characterization of novel EST-SSR markers for Gentiana straminea Maxim., a traditional Tibetan herb in China and cross-amplification in related species
Authors: Cheng Tingfeng , Lin Pengcheng , Zhou Dangwei , Wang Huan , Shi Shengbo , Shen Jianwei , Meng Jing , Ye Xing , Zheng Kun , Hu Xingqiang , Zhuang Yuanwen
Published: May 2024

Gentiana straminea Maxim. (Gentianaceae) is an important traditional Tibetan herb that is mainly distributed on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Despite its agricultural and pharmacological importance, there remains a paucity of microsatellite markers, particularly expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers, available for this local endemic species. In this study, based on previous Illumina transcriptome data of G. straminea, a total of 96 EST-SSR markers were initially designed and tested. Thirty-two of 96 loci (33.33%) were successfully amplified and verified for validation. Among them, 10 were polymorphic and had clear bands. The polymorphism information content values were 0.09–0.799, the number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 14, and the levels of observed and expected heterozygosity were 0.078–0.722 and 0.238–0.884, respectively, which suggested a high level of information. Moreover, cross-amplification was successful for 10 loci in two other related species, Gentiana macrophylla Pallas and Gentiana dahurica Fischer. These EST-SSR markers provide a valuable tool for investigating the genetic diversity related to quantitative traits and population genetic studies on G. straminea and related species in sect. Cruciata Gaudin.
Reconstruction Analysis of Global Ionospheric Outflow Patterns
Authors: Liemohn Michael W. , Jahn Jörg‐Micha , Ilie Raluca , Ganushkina Natalia Y. , Welling Daniel T. , Elliott Heather A. , Burleigh Meghan , Doublestein Kaitlin , Colon‐Rodriguez Stephanie A. , Dredger Pauline , Valek Philip W.
Published: May 2024

Ionospheric outflow supplies nearly all of the heavy ions observed within the magnetosphere, as well as a significant fraction of the proton density. While much is known about upflow and outflow energization processes, the full global pattern of outflow and its evolution is only known statistically or through numerical modeling. Because of the dominant role of heavy ions in several key physical processes, this unknown nature of the full outflow pattern leads to significant uncertainty in understanding geospace dynamics, especially surrounding storm intervals. That is, global models risk not accurately reproducing the main features of intense space storms because the amount of ionospheric outflow is poorly specified and thus magnetospheric composition and mass loading could be ill‐defined. This study defines a potential mission to observe ionospheric outflow from several platforms, allowing for a reasonable and sufficient reconstruction of the full outflow pattern on an orbital cadence. An observing system simulation experiment is conducted, revealing that four well‐placed satellites are sufficient for reasonably accurate outflow reconstructions. The science scope of this mission could include the following: reveal the global structure of ionospheric outflow; relate outflow patterns to geomagnetic activity level; and determine the spatial and temporal nature of outflow composition. The science objectives could be focused to be achieved with minimal instrumentation (only a low‐energy ion spectrometer to obtain outflow reconstructions) or with a larger scientific scope by including contextual instrumentation.
Possible Mechanisms for Tsunami‐Like Surge Deposits Due To the Chicxulub Impact at the K‐Pg Boundary at the Tanis Site, North Dakota
Authors: LeVeque Randall J. , DePalma Robert A. , Garrison‐Laney Carrie , Maurya Satish , Smit Jan , Richards Mark A.
Published: May 2024

At Tanis, a unique bi‐directional sediment package occurs precisely at the Cretaceous‐Paleogene (K‐Pg) boundary, recording the first hours of the Paleogene in uncommonly fine temporal detail. The impact ejecta‐bearing sediment package was rapidly emplaced by two massive, ∼10‐m‐high, potentially impact‐triggered surges, that inundated a steep, deeply incised paleo river valley from the direction of the contemporaneous Western Interior Seaway (WIS). Intermingling of fresh‐ and salt‐water fossils at Tanis, coeval brackish water indicators in the nearby region, and historical tsunami observations, suggest that the WIS paleoshoreline was nearby Tanis at K‐Pg time. The interpreted timing for deposition (including ejecta infall) of ∼1–2‐hr immediately post‐impact precludes a direct tsunami from the Chicxulub impact site, which would have required much more than 10 hr to reach Tanis. Seismic waves from the Mw ∼ 11 Chicxulub earthquake, arriving just minutes post‐impact, might have triggered the surge, for example, via seismic excitation of large water waves in the WIS, as proposed by DePalma et al. (2019, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1817407116). Here, we explore this mechanism via a simple mathematical model of seismic excitation and propagation of a water wave into a shallow river and upstream. Matching the observations implies a relatively long source process time of many minutes, such as generated by Chicxulub crater rebound processes, in order to explain sufficient upriver amplitudes and advective transport. Atmospheric waves due to the expanding Chicxulub ejecta curtain might have provided a smaller, secondary contribution during triggering. Thus, the mechanism(s) for the surges at Tanis are now better‐constrained, yet remain incompletely resolved.
Spatiotemporal Patterns and Environmental Drivers of Particulate Inorganic Carbon (PIC) Variability in the Southern Waters of Sumatra‐Java Islands
Authors: Zhao Meihan , Wang Zhenyan , Song Xinling , Jia Yijia , Fu Yujie
Published: May 2024

The southern waters of the Sumatra‐Java Islands, within the Indo‐Pacific Warm Pool, are highly susceptible to global climate change impacts. Understanding particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) dynamics and environmental responses in this region is critical for assessing climate change effects on marine ecosystems. Utilizing two decades of remote sensing PIC data (2003–2022), we identified five sub‐regions via K‐means clustering: the Sunda Strait, southern coastal/offshore waters of Sumatra Island, and southern coastal/offshore waters of Java Island. Self‐Organizing Map explored interannual PIC variations, while Generalized Additive Models delineated driving factors. In the Sunda Strait, PIC dynamics are influenced by water exchanges between the Indonesian Seas (ISs) and eastern Indian Ocean (EIO). Seasonally, PIC concentrations peak during the east monsoon (boreal summer); decreasing during positive Indian Ocean Dipole (+IOD) and El Niño events. Along the southern Sumatra, PIC variations positively correlate with rainfall and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Along the southern Sumatra, upwelling drives PIC variations, with higher concentrations during mature summer monsoon induced upwelling periods. PIC increases during +IOD and decreases during El Niño. Our study highlights the nexus between nutrients, physical factors (e.g., rainfall), and climatic events (e.g., El Niño) on PIC concentrations. Climate‐induced changes in oceanic physical processes modulate nutrient concentrations, thereby governing PIC variations. We propose a mechanistic model to elucidate PIC variations in upwelling areas. Findings suggest that prospective climate variability, encompassing alterations in climate events, rainfall, and temperature, may escalate PIC concentrations within the study area, advocating PIC as a forward‐looking climate change indicator.
Estimation of Spectral Solar Irradiance in the Ecliptic Plane Using Synthetic Solar Surface Magnetograms
Authors: de Oliveira I. , Sowmya K. , Nèmec N.‐E. , Shapiro A. I.
Published: May 2024

The primary external energy input to planetary atmospheres comes from solar radiation. Accurate estimates of solar irradiance are needed in order to understand atmospheric conditions at other planets. Many studies have interpolated Earth‐based irradiance measurements at other planets, disregarding the evolution of solar features, which are responsible for the irradiance variability. We present an approach for assessing solar irradiance at other planets by using synthetic full surface magnetograms of the Sun, generated by the Surface Flux Transport Model, and then converted into sunspots and faculae areas. Following the Spectral And Total Irradiance REconstruction approach, we compute the irradiance as the sum of contributions from sunspots, faculae, and the quiet Sun. We calculate the S‐index, which is a proxy for near‐ultraviolet irradiance, and the total solar irradiance (TSI), which is the wavelength‐integrated value. We demonstrate that a simple phase shift of the Earth‐observed TSI does not produce reliable estimates in the ecliptic. By comparing and correlating our results with the interpolated measurements, we find that the two models agree in the S‐index variability, because faculae have a long lifetime, so the effect of the solar rotation becomes less important. Conversely, the methods disagree strongly in the TSI, since sunspots have a short lifetime, and the interpolation does not take into account their emergence and evolution on the far‐side of the Sun, as it only uses the information of the disc visible for an Earth‐bound observer.
Thank You to Our 2023 Peer Reviewers
Authors: East Amy E. , Attal Mikael , (Ton) Hoitink A. J. F. , Sergienko Olga V.
Published: May 2024

Editors of the Journal of Geophysical Research—Earth Surface express their appreciation to those who served as peer reviewers for the journal in 2023.
Acoustofluidic scanning fluorescence nanoscopy with a large field of view
Authors: Jin Geonsoo , Upreti Neil , Rich Joseph , Xia Jianping , Zhao Chenglong , Huang Tony Jun
Published: May 2024

Large-field nanoscale fluorescence imaging is invaluable for many applications, such as imaging subcellular structures, visualizing protein interactions, and high-resolution tissue imaging. Unfortunately, conventional fluorescence microscopy requires a trade-off between resolution and field of view due to the nature of the optics used to form the image. To overcome this barrier, we developed an acoustofluidic scanning fluorescence nanoscope that simultaneously achieves superior resolution, a large field of view, and strong fluorescent signals. The acoustofluidic scanning fluorescence nanoscope utilizes the superresolution capabilities of microspheres that are controlled by a programmable acoustofluidic device for rapid fluorescence enhancement and imaging. The acoustofluidic scanning fluorescence nanoscope resolves structures that cannot be resolved with conventional fluorescence microscopes with the same objective lens and enhances the fluorescent signal by a factor of ~5 without altering the field of view of the image. The improved resolution realized with enhanced fluorescent signals and the large field of view achievedviaacoustofluidic scanning fluorescence nanoscopy provides a powerful tool for versatile nanoscale fluorescence imaging for researchers in the fields of medicine, biology, biophysics, and biomedical engineering.
Effect of plateletcrit and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T genotypes on folic acid efficacy in stroke prevention
Authors: Shi Yuncong , Zhang Zhengzhipeng , Wang Binyan , Wang Yu , Kong Xiangyi , Sun Yong , Li Aimin , Cui Yimin , Zhang Yan , Li Jianping , Huo Yong , Huang Hui
Published: May 2024

Previous studies have shown that low platelet count combined with high plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) increased stroke risk and can be lowered by 73% with folic acid. However, the combined role of other platelet activation parameters and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T genotypes on stroke risk and folic acid treatment benefit remain to be examined. This study aimed to investigate if platelet activation parameters and MTHFR genotypes jointly impact folic acid treatment efficacy in first stroke prevention. Data were derived from the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial. This study includes a total of 11,185 adult hypertensive patients with relevant platelet activation parameters and MTHFR genotype data. When simultaneously considering both platelet activation parameters (plateletcrit, platelet count, mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width) and MTHFR genotypes, patients with both low plateletcrit (Q1) and the TT genotype had the highest stroke incidence rate (5.6%) in the enalapril group. This subgroup significantly benefited from folic acid treatment, with a 66% reduction in first stroke (HR: 0.34; 95% CI: 0.14–0.82; p = 0.016). Consistently, the subgroup with low plateletcrit (Q1) and the CC/CT genotype also benefited from folic acid treatment (HR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.23–0.70; p = 0.001). In Chinese hypertensive adults, low plateletcrit can identify those who may greatly benefit from folic acid treatment, in particular, those with the TT genotype, a subpopulation known to have the highest stroke risk.
Research progress on morphology and mechanism of programmed cell death
Authors: Chen Yao , Li Xiaohua , Yang Minfeng , Liu Song-Bai
Published: May 2024

Programmed cell death (PCD) is a basic process of life that is closely related to the growth, development, aging and disease of organisms and is one of the hotspots of life science research today. PCD is a kind of genetic control, autonomous and orderly important cell death that involves the activation, expression, and regulation of a series of genes. In recent years, with the deepening of research in this field, new mechanisms of multiple PCD pathways have been revealed. This article reviews and summarizes the multiple PCD pathways that have been discovered, analyses and compares the morphological characteristics and biomarkers of different types of PCD, and briefly discusses the role of various types of PCD in the diagnosis and treatment of different diseases, especially malignant tumors.
Drivers and implications of alternative routes to fuels decarbonization in net-zero energy systems
Authors: Mignone Bryan K. , Clarke Leon , Edmonds James A. , Gurgel Angelo , Herzog Howard J. , Johnson Jeremiah X. , Mallapragada Dharik S. , McJeon Haewon , Morris Jennifer , O’Rourke Patrick R. , Paltsev Sergey , Rose Steven K. , Steinberg Daniel C. , Venkatesh Aranya
Published: May 2024

Energy transition scenarios are characterized by increasing electrification and improving efficiency of energy end uses, rapid decarbonization of the electric power sector, and deployment of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies to offset remaining emissions. Although hydrocarbon fuels typically decline in such scenarios, significant volumes remain in many scenarios even at the time of net-zero emissions. While scenarios rely on different approaches for decarbonizing remaining fuels, the underlying drivers for these differences are unclear. Here we develop several illustrative net-zero systems in a simple structural energy model and show that, for a given set of final energy demands, assumptions about the use of biomass and CO2 sequestration drive key differences in how emissions from remaining fuels are mitigated. Limiting one resource may increase reliance on another, implying that decisions about using or restricting resources in pursuit of net-zero objectives could have significant tradeoffs that will need to be evaluated and managed.
Pretreatment with IL-15 and IL-18 rescues natural killer cells from granzyme B-mediated apoptosis after cryopreservation
Authors: Berjis Abdulla , Muthumani Deeksha , Aguilar Oscar A. , Pomp Oz , Johnson Omar , Finck Amanda V. , Engel Nils W. , Chen Linhui , Plachta Nicolas , Scholler John , Lanier Lewis L. , June Carl H. , Sheppard Neil C.
Published: May 2024

Human natural killer (NK) cell-based therapies are under assessment for treating various cancers, but cryopreservation reduces both the recovery and function of NK cells, thereby limiting their therapeutic feasibility. Using cryopreservation protocols optimized for T cells, here we find that ~75% of NK cells die within 24 h post-thaw, with the remaining cells displaying reduced cytotoxicity. Using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing and confocal microscopy, we find that cryopreserved NK cells largely die via apoptosis initiated by leakage of granzyme B from cytotoxic vesicles. Pretreatment of NK cells with a combination of Interleukins-15 (IL-15) and IL-18 prior to cryopreservation improves NK cell recovery to ~90-100% and enables equal tumour control in a xenograft model of disseminated Raji cell lymphoma compared to non-cryopreserved NK cells. The mechanism of IL-15 and IL-18-induced protection incorporates two mechanisms: a transient reduction in intracellular granzyme B levels via degranulation, and the induction of antiapoptotic genes.
The STING agonist IMSA101 enhances chimeric antigen receptor T cell function by inducing IL-18 secretion
Authors: Uslu Ugur , Sun Lijun , Castelli Sofia , Finck Amanda V. , Assenmacher Charles-Antoine , Young Regina M. , Chen Zhijian J. , June Carl H.
Published: May 2024

As a strategy to improve the therapeutic success of chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CART) directed against solid tumors, we here test the combinatorial use of CART and IMSA101, a newly developed stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist. In two syngeneic tumor models, improved overall survival is observed when mice are treated with intratumorally administered IMSA101 in addition to intravenous CART infusion. Transcriptomic analyses of CART isolated from tumors show elevated T cell activation, as well as upregulated cytokine pathway signatures, in particular IL-18, in the combination treatment group. Also, higher levels of IL-18 in serum and tumor are detected with IMSA101 treatment. Consistent with this, the use of IL-18 receptor negative CART impair anti-tumor responses in mice receiving combination treatment. In summary, we find that IMSA101 enhances CART function which is facilitated through STING agonist-induced IL-18 secretion.
Deciphering complexity in Pd–catalyzed cross-couplings
Authors: Clarke George E. , Firth James D. , Ledingham Lyndsay A. , Horbaczewskyj Chris S. , Bourne Richard A. , Bray Joshua T. W. , Martin Poppy L. , Eastwood Jonathan B. , Campbell Rebecca , Pagett Alex , MacQuarrie Duncan J. , Slattery John M. , Lynam Jason M. , Whitwood Adrian C. , Milani Jessica , Hart Sam , Wilson Julie , Fairlamb Ian J. S.
Published: May 2024

Understanding complex reaction systems is critical in chemistry. While synthetic methods for selective formation of products are sought after, oftentimes it is the full reaction signature, i.e., complete profile of products/side-products, that informs mechanistic rationale and accelerates discovery chemistry. Here, we report a methodology using high-throughput experimentation and multivariate data analysis to examine the full signature of one of the most complicated chemical reactions catalyzed by palladium known in the chemical literature. A model Pd-catalyzed reaction was selected involving functionalization of 2-bromo-N-phenylbenzamide and multiple bond activation pathways. Principal component analysis, correspondence analysis and heatmaps with hierarchical clustering reveal the factors contributing to the variance in product distributions and show associations between solvents and reaction products. Using robust data from experiments performed with eight solvents, for four different reaction times at five different temperatures, we correlate side-products to a major dominant N-phenyl phenanthridinone product, and many other side products.
Global musical diversity is largely independent of linguistic and genetic histories
Authors: Passmore Sam , Wood Anna L. C. , Barbieri Chiara , Shilton Dor , Daikoku Hideo , Atkinson Quentin D. , Savage Patrick E.
Published: May 2024

Music is a universal yet diverse cultural trait transmitted between generations. The extent to which global musical diversity traces cultural and demographic history, however, is unresolved. Using a global musical dataset of 5242 songs from 719 societies, we identify five axes of musical diversity and show that music contains geographical and historical structures analogous to linguistic and genetic diversity. After creating a matched dataset of musical, genetic, and linguistic data spanning 121 societies containing 981 songs, 1296 individual genetic profiles, and 121 languages, we show that global musical similarities are only weakly and inconsistently related to linguistic or genetic histories, with some regional exceptions such as within Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Our results suggest that global musical traditions are largely distinct from some non-musical aspects of human history.
Discovering allatostatin type-C receptor specific agonists
Authors: Kahveci Kübra , Düzgün Mustafa Barbaros , Atis Abdullah Emre , Yılmaz Abdullah , Shahraki Aida , Coskun Basak , Durdagi Serdar , Birgul Iyison Necla
Published: May 2024

Currently, there is no pesticide available for the selective control of the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa-specific), and conventional methods typically rely on mechanical techniques such as pheromone traps or broad-spectrum larvicidal chemicals. As climate change increases the range and dispersion capacity of crop and forest pests, outbreaks of the pine processionary occur with greater frequency and significantly impact forestry and public health. Our study is carried out to provide a T. pityocampa-specific pesticide targeting the Allatostatin Type-C Receptor (AlstR-C). We use a combination of computational biology methods, a cell-based screening assay, and in vivo toxicity and side effect assays to identify, for the first time, a series of AlstR-C ligands suitable for use as T. pityocampa-specific insecticides. We further demonstrate that the novel AlstR-C targeted agonists are specific to lepidopteran larvae, with no harmful effects on coleopteran larvae or adults. Overall, our study represents an important initial advance toward an insect GPCR-targeted next-generation pesticide design. Our approach may apply to other invertebrate GPCRs involved in vital metabolic pathways.