bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CEPHALOMETRIC SKELETAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN LEFT AND RIGHT SIDE OF SKULL FOR TWO AGE GROUPS PATIENTS WITH CLASS ONE MALOCCLUSION BY THREE DIMENSIONAL CONE-BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Ebrahem Hezam Al-cablany , Makarova O.M. , Kuroiedova V.D.
Published: March 2020

Objective: The purpose of our research was to study comparative cephalometric analysis between left and right sides of head and evaluate the skeletal facial symmetry in patients with class 1 malocclusion by 3D Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: Pre-treatment by 3D Cone-beam computed tomography radiographs for 20 patients of two age groups with class 1 malocclusion was undergone for 11 angular and 4 liner measurements from right and left sides, anteroposterior, vertical and frontal view by hand except the hard landmarks determination. Chi-test was used to compare the result of both sides (P < 0.05). Results: No difference was found between left and right analysis for linear measurements as for the angular cephalometric measurements. Conclusion: Measurements of skeletal analysis by 3D CBCT cephalograms from right side were found to be similar to left side. So, we can use the left analysis for orthodontics diagnosis as right side. Also, the both sides analysis can be used for symmetric analysis reasons.
The Values of Sacred Swamps: Belief-Based Nature Conservation in a Secular World
Authors: Hegde Narasimha , Ziegler Rafael , Joosten Hans
Published: March 2020

Global forest loss is highest in the tropical region, an area with high biological biodiversity. As some of these forests are part of indigenous forest management, it is important to pay attention to such management, its values and practices for better conservation. This paper focuses on sacred freshwater swamp forests of the Western Ghats, India, and with it a faith-based approach to nature conservation.

Drawing on fieldwork and focus groups, we present the rituals and rules that structure the governance of sacred swamps. We also discuss in depth the ecological, socio-cultural and economic valuation of these freshwater swamps by various local groups. In this way, we show overlaps and differences of valuation among different groups. In the context of a secular state with a diversity of faith groups and migration dynamics, we propose that faith-based governance of sacred swamps can benefit from the emphasis of faith-independent, ‘accessible’ ecological, socio-cultural and economic values to foster a dialogue around sacred swamps and their place for livelihoods and nature conservation.
Prediksi Jumlah Calon Mahasiswa Baru Tahun 2018-2022 di Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang
Authors: Windari Adhani , Murniati Emi
Published: March 2020

Campus managers must be sensitive to consumers in the marketing process, students are importantassets in college life, strategies and regular promotions have a correlation with the number of registrants.Data analysis for 5 years from 2013 to 2017 provides precise accuracy every year and can be used as areference for predicting new student admissions in the following year. The growth in the number of newstudent admissions has an impact on providing lecture halls and improving services. One method forresearch related to the right prediction is to use non linear regression analysis.The results of predictions with non linear regression analysis indicate an increase in the number ofregistrants and decreases each year.AbstrakPengelola kampus harus sensitif terhadap konsumen pada proses pemasaran, mahasiswa adalah asetpenting dalam kehidupan Perguruan Tinggi, strategi dan promosi reguler mempunyai korelasi terhadapjumlah pendaftar. Analisis data selama 5 tahun dari tahun 2013 sampai dengan 2017 memberikan akurasiyang tepat setiap tahunnya dan bisa dijadikan acuan prediksi penerimaan mahasiswa baru pada tahunsetelahnya. Pertumbuhan jumlah penerimaan mahasiswa baru berdampak pada penyediaan ruang kuliahdan peningkatan pelayanan. Salah satu metode untuk penelitian berkaitan dengan prediksi yang tepatadalah menggunakan analisis regresi non linear.Hasil prediksi dengan analisis regresi non linier menunjukkan adanya peningkatan jumlahpendaftar maupun penurunan setiap tahunnya.
Open Textbooks as an innovation route for open science pedagogy
Authors: Farrow Robert , Pitt Rebecca , Weller Martin
Published: March 2020

The paper introduces the UK Open Textbook project and discusses its success factors with regards to promoting open practice and open pedagogy. Textbooks remain a core part of educational provision in science. Open Textbooks are openly licensed academic textbooks, wherein the digital version is available freely, and the print version at reduced cost. They are a form of Open Educational Resource (OER). In recent years a number of openly-licensed textbooks have demonstrated high impact in countries including the USA, Canada and South Africa. The UK Open Textbooks project piloted several established approaches to the use and promotion open textbooks (focusing on STEM subjects) in a UK context between 2017 and 2018. The project had two main aims: to promote the adoption of open textbooks in the UK; and to investigate the transferability of the successful models of adoption that have emerged in North America. Through a number of workshops at a range of higher education institutions and targeted promotion at specific education conferences, the project successfully raised the profile of open textbooks within the UK. Several case studies report existing examples of open textbook use in UK science were recorded. There was considerable interest and appetite for open textbooks amongst UK academics. This was partly related to cost savings for students, but more significant factors were the freedom to adapt and develop textbooks and OER. This is consistent with a range of research that has taken place in other countries and suggests the potential for impact on UK science education is high.
Training-induced changes in muscle contraction patterns enhance exercise performance after short-term neuromuscular electrical stimulation
Authors: Umutlu Gökhan , Demirci Nevzat , Acar Nasuh Evrim
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND:

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is a complementary tool for therapeutic exercise for muscle strengthening and may potentially enhance exercise performance.

OBJECTIVE:

To determine whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and continuous aerobic training (CA) coupled with NMES enhance the changes in the eccentric/concentric muscle contraction patterns of hamstring and quadriceps.

METHODS:

Forty-five healthy sedentary male participants performed cycling training 3 times per week for 8 weeks combined with/without NMES performed at a load equivalent to 65% and 120% of [Formula: see text]VO[Formula: see text] (intensity associated with the achievement of maximal oxygen uptake). Anthropometrics, blood lactate measurements, [Formula: see text]VO[Formula: see text], T[Formula: see text]VO[Formula: see text] (time-to-exhaustion) and isokinetic strength parameters were measured at baseline and post-training using a randomized controlled trial.

RESULTS:

The conventional hamstring-to-quadriceps-ratio (HQR: Hcon/Qcon) at 60[Formula: see text]/s and the Dynamic Control Ratio (DCR: Hecc/Qcon) at 180[Formula: see text]/s significantly increased both in the dominant (D) and non-dominant (ND) limb in the HIIT [Formula: see text] NMES group ([Formula: see text] 0.05). There was a positive significant correlation between the individual changes in D HQR at 60[Formula: see text]/s and [Formula: see text]VO[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] 0.94, [Formula: see text] 0.005) and the DCR at 180[Formula: see text]/s and T[Formula: see text]VO[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] 0.90, [Formula: see text] 0.015), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

The increases in the eccentric muscle contraction and DCR following HIIT [Formula: see text] NMES seem to improve fatigue tolerance, cause less fatigue and oxidative stress on the lower limb during pedaling at high intensities.
Examining the Association of Academic Rank and Productivity with Metrics of Twitter Utilization Amongst Kidney Cancer Specialists
Authors: Salgia Nicholas J. , Feng Matthew , Prajapati Dhruv , Harwood Richard , Nissanoff Michael , Dara Yash , Ruel Nora , Salgia Meghan M. , Pal Sumanta K.
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND:

Twitter has emerged as an important platform for conversation surrounding cancer-related topics. As use has proliferated, a better classification of physicians engaging in cancer discussions on Twitter is warranted.

OBJECTIVES:

To better characterize the medical specialists involved in disseminating kidney cancer information on social media through academic and Twitter metrics.

METHODS:

Clinical practitioners with an expertise in kidney cancer were identified. Demographics, metrics of academic rank and productivity, and Twitter usage data were collected. Correlations were calculated for the generation of a model predictive of the number of Twitter followers. Analysis of the experts’ Twitter content was performed.

RESULTS:

Among 59 kidney cancer experts identified, 14 (23.7%) were assistant professors, 24 (40.7%) were associate professors, and 21 (35.6%) were full professors. A total of 5424 tweets were analyzed, 86% of which were medically-related. We identified several differences between academic rank and Twitter variables. Associate professors registered a greater median number of followers subscribed to their Twitter accounts (2360) versus assistant professors (1253) and full professors (934) ( p = 0.03) and a greater median number of accounts they themselves followed (752 vs. 290 vs. 235, respectively; p = 0.0009). Use of a more generalized approach (ANCOVA) showed that the most predictive variables for the number of followers are number of tweets, H-index, and percentage of medical tweets ( R2 = 0.70).

CONCLUSIONS:

This study supported correlations between metrics of academic and Twitter activity. The generation of a model to predict the number of followers on Twitter is novel – future work will validate this in other disease types.
Food literacy can described adequate? Optimizing cut-off scores for the short food literacy questionnaire (SFLQ)
Authors: Gökler Mehmet Enes , Durmuş Hasan , Havlioğlu Suzan
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND:

Preventing obesity and non-communicable disease is possible by making the right eating habits from early ages, therefore increasing food literacy level might be enforced in the preventive programs.

OBJECTIVE:

The objective of this study is to measure university students’ food literacy level using “A short food literacy questionnaire (SFLQ) for adults” and determining cut-off point compared with health literacy.

METHODS:

Questionnaire was about Newest Vital Sign (NVS) test, Turkey Health Literacy SCALE-32 (TSOY-32) and Short Food Literacy Questionnaire (SFLQ). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed by calculating the specificity and sensitivity of the scale cut-off values, and the area under the curve (AUC) was computed.

RESULTS:

The score from SLFQ increased with the improvement of general health perception and having food label reading habit (respectively; p = 0.003; p < 0.001). The mean SFLQ score increases with the increased level of TSOY-32 health literacy ( P < 0.001). Finally, according to the results, classification of individuals with SFLQ is≥31 points as Adequate-Excellent food literacy and < 31 points as Inadequate-Limited food literacy.

CONCLUSION:

Describing food literacy in two categories will be easy to demonstrate the connection between food literacy and healthy food consumption behaviors.
Mediterranean diet adherence, social capital and health related quality of life in the older adults of Crete, Greece: The MINOA study
Authors: Apostolaki Ioanna , Pepa Aleks , Magriplis Emmanuella , Malisova Olga , Kapsokefalou Maria
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND:

Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD), a sustainable dietary pattern with multiple benefits to health, environment, economy and society is decreasing even in the older adults in rural Crete; the prototype pattern from the 7 Country Study.

OBJECTIVE:

Investigate social and health related factors that may be perceived as barriers to adherence to the MD, among older adults, living in rural region of Crete, Greece.

METHODS:

Evaluate a) adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern using the MedDietScore b) dietary intake using the Water Balance Questionnaire (WBQ) c) social connections using the Social Capital Questionnaire including the Physical and Mental Component of Health (PCS and MCS, respectively) and d) health-related quality of life (HRQL) using the SF-36 Questionnaire, among older adults residing in the Municipality of Minoa; a Cretan rural area. A total of 436 older adults (>65 years, 58% men) were enrolled.

RESULTS:

Mean MedDietScore was moderate (31.9±3.6) and was found higher in males (32.9±3.4 vs 30.6±3.4; p < 0.001). Total social capital was 75 (68,80) with no significant differences between genders. The PCS was 45 (37,52) and the MCS 47 (40,54), males achieving a higher score ( p < 0.0001 and p < 0.01 respectively). Results of linear regression, for adherence of the MD, showed sex ( p < 0.0001), marital status ( p = 0.039), “growing vegetables-fruits” ( p = 0.014) and car ownership ( p = 0.044), associated with MedDietScore.

CONCLUSIONS:

Older adults living in Crete, adhere moderately to the MD, with potential barriers being lower PCS and MCS and weak support provided by family and community structures as quantified by low scores in social capital and health-related quality of life.
Vulnerability of Women in the Lebanese Wars
Authors: Karam Elie G. , Saliba Sabah , Al Atrash Rima
Published: March 2020

For a man going to war, home, land and honor all become deposited in the last glimpse of the faces he left behind, among them, women's faces.
The Word of a Woman: Feminist Dispatches 1968-1992
Authors: Accad Evelyne
Published: March 2020

Robin Morgan. The Word of a Woman: Feminist Dipatches1968-1992. New York/London. Norton & Company. 1992. ISBN0-393-03427-5
The Lebanese Woman and the Labor Market
Authors: Khalaf Mona
Published: March 2020

Ladies, I do not want to educate girls to take over the labor market or compete with men in that market, but rather to enable them to manage more efficiently their households and give their children a better education. A lot of activities could take place within the household selling and could be resorted to in case of economic need" (as quoted in Saade,1984)
Women Participate in Political Decisions
Authors: Abul-Husn Randa
Published: March 2020

Women Participate in Political Decisions
The Lebanese Imbroglio
Authors: Ghurayyib Rose
Published: March 2020

In the introduction of a book he wrote about the Lebanese war, the well-known journalist, Joseph AbuKhalil, says: "Some countries are called ill-fated because their misfortunes come from natural catastrophes such as floods, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tornadoes, etc
The Image of Women in Television Commercials and Drama: Media as Creator or Mirror of reality
Authors: Abul-Husn Randa
Published: March 2020

The question of mass media as creator versus mirror of culture is one of the most debated issues in the relationship between mass media and society. Some critical media sociologists emphasize the value producing function of mass media, whereas others are foremost interested in demonstrating how social reality is reflected in the media.
Janine Rubeiz
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Al-Raida pays tribute to Ms. Janine Rubeiz who passed away on August 2, 1992. Ms. Rubeiz, a refined and active woman worked for the cause of women for many years.
A Background to the Feminist Movement in Egypt
Authors: Hoodfar Homa
Published: March 2020

The discussion of feminist movements in the so-called "Third World" often explicitly or implicitly assumes that such movements are not indigenous, but rather merely recent imitations of the West. This mistaken view is then echoed by third world conservatives with the intention of discrediting local women's movements. In fact, feminism has not been imposed on the Third World by the West, nor is it so new.
Miscellaneous
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Miscellaneous news about feminism from around the world
Environmental Terrorism in the Arab Gulf
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Excerpts from The Middle East, a regional magazine, March, April and August 1991 issues.
Women in Education and Work in Beirut
Authors: Azar Gladys Saade
Published: March 2020

Recently, Dr. Gladys Saadeh Azar completed her Ph.D in Sociology at the Sorbonne University in Paris. The following article is a brief summary of her Doctoral Dissertation. Her work was based on a field study conducted in Beirut concerning the relationship between education and work among women in Beirut.
The Right Step
Authors: Awar Nada
Published: March 2020

The Right Step, by Nada Awar
Women's International Day March 8, 1991
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Miscellaneous news from around the world regading feminism.
The Demonstration of The Saudi Arabian Women
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

History teaches us that every crisis produces positive and negative side-effects. Maybe one of the positive side-effects of the Gulf Crisis is the unexpected outburst of seventy Saudi Arabian women demanding a simple and basic right: the right to drive in public.
Marie Therese Arbid
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Monday editions of «L'Orient Ie Jour» (daily French Lebanese newspaper) were the usual appointment of readers with Marie Therese Arbid's writings for the past twenty five years. However, on this January Monday, her readers read the news of her death.
The Aunt of Rafiq
Authors: Al Amir Daisy
Published: March 2020

The following s~ory was published in Women and the Family in the Middle East, edited by Elizabeth Fernea. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1985.
Health News
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

World Health Day / Education of Women and Health
Health News
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Mercury and birth defects / The fifth international women and health meeting
The Status of Arab Women
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

The stated goal of the International Women's Year, held in Mexico City in 1975 was «The integration of women in the development process as equal partners with men».
To Usama
Authors: Jayyusi Salma Khadra
Published: March 2020

SALMA KHADRA JAYYUSITranslated from the Arabic by Patricia Alanah with the author and Christopher Middleton
Social-Emotional Relationship of Preschool Children in Two Family Structures
Authors: Khoury Randa Azzam
Published: March 2020

An Abstract of Master of Arts Thesis on Social-Emotional Relationship of Preschool Children in Two Family Structures.
Education and Employment in Kuwait
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

In Kuwait, education and work are the most essential and determinant factors in society. Dr. al-Rumeihi, in the introduction of a book on «Kuwait», quoted this statement from al-Rihani who observed these two characteristics in the Kuwaiti society fifty years ago.
Advocates of Women's Political Rights
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Advocates of Women's Political Rights
AI-Makassed: The Impact of Education
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

«Education of women is the most potent factor in enhancing their integration in the process of social and economic development».
Women's Integration in Development an Imperative of our Time
Authors: Ghurayyib Rose
Published: March 2020

A characteristic of our time is the emergence of a longer life expectancy for people in general. Due to physical and social factors, women’s longevity, as indicated by statistics, is considered to be generally higher than that of men.
Dr. Jamal Karam Harfouche: Pediatrician
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Dr. Harlouche is Professor Emeritus of Maternal and Child Health at the American University of Beirut and advisor to many local and international health organizations. See Al-Raida. No. 25 . p.2.
Nuha Salib Salibi: On Car-Bombs and People
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

On the 5th of February 1983 a car bomb exploded outside the offices of the Palestinian Research Centre in Beirut. Many of people were killed and wounded. They called it the massacre of Hamra. Many were to follow, more devastating and violent, but in the collective memory of Beirut, this particular incident remained horrific as the first of its kind.
Nadia Hamza: The First Woman Film Director in Egypt
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Nadia Hamza's love for the cinema goes back to her childhood days when she used to live in the city of Port Said, on the Mediterranean Sea, North of Cairo.
Inventory in Black and Grey
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

This poem was published by the G.R.F. A. (Groupe de Recherches sur les Femmes Algeriennes - see Al- RaidaNos :no8 , p. 9 - in their revue VOIES - LA , No.2. Thismagazine , according to its editors, was created in order "to gather women's words under diverse forms:. poetry, prose, theatre ... and reveal the multiple paths that feminine in sp iration can take."
Rural Women in Egypt
Authors: Ghurayyib Rose
Published: March 2020

This pocket size book gives in 164 pages a survey of the conditions of rural women in Egypt. The author, Atef Adli el-Abed, is a researcher who has to his credit a number of field studies on the topic.
Sexual Equality, Constitution and Islamic law in Algeria
Authors: Babadji Ramdane
Published: March 2020

Woman's status in Algerian law carries the mark of ambivalence. While she enjoys full rights in political law her personal status reduces her to a second class citizen.
The Personality of Khalil Gibran: A Psychological Study of his life and Work
Authors: Stephan Wafa
Published: March 2020

Among the numerous books published this year on the occasion of the "International Year of Gibran", Nahida Taweel Ferzli's study of the life and work ot this renowned writer, poet, and artist stands out.
Factors Affecting the Education and Employment of Women in the Arab World
Authors: Samara Wafa
Published: March 2020

"Factors Affecting the Education and Employment of Women in the Arab World" is the title of a study written by Dr. Hassan Hammoud  under the auspices of the Institute for Women's Studies in the Arab World.
Women's Literary Output in Arabia and the Arab Gulf
Authors: Salih Layla Muhammad
Published: March 2020

The Kuwaiti author of this book, Layla Muhammad Salih, started writing at an early age. She has contributed to Kuwaiti newspapers, magazines and radio and television programs.
Woman's Image in School Books in Lebanon
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Dr. Ilham Kallab's study on woman's image in school books in Lebanon, funded by IWSAW, has been abridged in publication into 260 pages, with illustrations, indexes and references.
What is Development?
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

The concept of Development is appearing more and more in the feminist literature. Integration of women in the development process is now considered an essential first step toward their liberation, an important element in national build-up and a necessary prerequisite to the fulfillment of world needs.
Women in Senegal: Toward the elimination of polygamy and repudiation
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Extracts from Socialist International Women's Bulletin, no. 6/82 and 1/83, p. 23).
Women and Peace
Authors: Khoury Nada
Published: March 2020

Under the title: "Women's Role in Peace Movements", the Asian Woman - the official publication of the Asian Women's Institute - has recently been running a series of articles dealing with the role that women from different nations around theworld have been playing in peace movements.
You Cannot Set the Clock Back
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

The Women's Liberation Movement has invaded almost all the countries of the world but in a highly uneven proportion. The volume of material published about women's status and needs in the principal languages of humankind is really amazing. It covers developing as well as developed areas.
Demographic Structure of the Lebanese Population
Authors: Farah Dr. Francois
Published: March 2020

Under the above title, Dr. Francois Farah, of the Lebanese University, gave a lecture in which he made use of statistics showing certain anomalies in the Lebanese "age pyramid".
Equal Rights Questionnaire in Great Britain
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

In 1980, The National Labour Women's Committee in Great Britain conducted a survey on women's rights which gave the following results.
What Is the LFPA
Authors: Osseiran Dr. Toufiq
Published: March 2020

Abstract of a report given by Mr. Toufiq Osseiran, GeneralSecretary of the Lebanon Family Planning Association (LFPA) at the conference organized by the Association on demographicpolicies in Lebanon.
Development of Rural Pioneers Role in Egypt
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

A study of "Operative Suggestions for Strengthening the Role of Rural Pioneers in Family Planning and Development" was prepared (in Arabic) by Dr. Haifa AI-Shanawany, at the request of the Supreme Council for Population and Family Planning in Cairo, Research Office, 1981.
STAR (Stop The Arms Race)
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Star is the abbreviation of the slogan, " Stop the Arms Race". It is also the emblem of the peace campaign organized by WILPF (Women's International League for Peace and Freedom), which aims to register one million women who wish to stop the arms race.
Women's Share in a Development Strategy
Authors: Hilmi Dr. Ijlal Ismail
Published: March 2020

Condensed from a paper presented at the Second RegionalCOAference for Women of the Gulf Countries and the ArabianPeninsula, 28-31 March 1981. See AI Raida, Feb. 1, 1982, vol.V, no. 19, p. 11
A Strategy for the Integration of Arab Women in the Arab Unity Movement
Authors: Saadawi Dr. Nawal
Published: March 2020

SUmmary of a paper presented by Dr. Nawal Saadawi at theSeminar 01 the Center lor Arab Unity Studies: 21-24 September, 1981 , Beirut, Lebanon (See elsewhere in this issue).
Technology and Human Affairs
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Edited by Larry Hickman and Azizah al-Hibri, the C.V. MosbyCompany, SI. Louis, Missouri, 1981 .
Lycge Girl Students of Oran Between Tradition and Modernism
Authors: Bentabet Yamina
Published: March 2020

Abstract of a study on the above topic, by Yamina Bentabet,published in Cahiers du C.D.S.H. (Centre de Documentation des Sciences Humaines), " Actes des Journees d'Etude et de Reflexion sur les Femmes Algeriennes ", 3,4,5, and 6 Mai, 1980, no. 3, Oran , Algeria.
Abortion in Tunisia
Authors: Jemai Yolande
Published: March 2020

From an article by Yolande Jemai, published in PopulationStudies, (Dirasat Sukkaniyya), a quarterly periodical issued inArabic and English by "Population and Family Planning Board",Research Office, Cairo, no. 49 April·June, 1979, pp. 30-49(Arabic), 16-18 (English) .
Zahia Salman: Promoter of Child Welfare in Lebanon
Authors: Husni Nagla
Published: March 2020

In the field of child welfare, Mrs. Zahia Salman's name represents . a highlight. Ever since the foundation of the Lebanese Child Welfare Association in 1936, she has striven to organize and pool the efforts and means of both government and non-governmental organizations through private initiative as well as through legislation .
The Ninth Congress of the General Federation of Iraqi Women
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

An international congress which brought together women delegates of 75 countries and gave them the opportunity to set forth their activities and their claims which represent those of a majority of women all over the world.
Development Planning for Women
Authors: Sharif Thoraya
Published: March 2020

In defining "development planning" the lecturer says that it does not necessarily mean westernization. She defines it as a "creative process to liberate men and women and equip them with the necessary skills to be both partici· patants and beneficiairies of development."
Triple Tensions: Somali Refugee Women in Yemen
Authors: De Regt Marina
Published: March 2020

Since the outbreak of the Somali civil war in 1991 a burgeoning flow of Somali refugees has spread all over the world. Ethiopia and Kenya have received the highest numbers of Somali refugees; however, Yemen has also received hundreds of thousands. Yemen is the only country on the Arabian Peninsula that has signed the Refugee Convention of 1951 and Somali refugees are accepted on a prima facie basis. Yet, the living and working conditions of Somali refugees in Yemen are far from ideal. Their social status in Yemeni society is low; they are often discriminated against and are blamed for the increasing unemployment rates, levels of crime, prostitution, presence of AIDS, and the loosening of moral values.
Edma Bayouth
Authors: Husni Najla
Published: March 2020

Edma Bayouth's name is not only I inked to that of the Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) in Lebanon. It also recalls Lebanese social work at the stage when it tried to evolve into an organized or systematic activity based on study, inquiry, cooperation and dedication, four characteristics adopted by this militant woman who gave to extensive social work more than fifty years of her I ife and has become so identified with it that now, after two years of retirement, she maintains contact with her work, moved by the same enthusiasm that characterized her when she started it at the age of twenty.
Family Planning in Lebanon
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

The Lebanese Family Planning Association (LFPA) was founded in 1969. It is one of nine associations established in countries of the Middle East and North Africa between 1965 and 1971, and affiliated with the International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF). The nine countries are: Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Tunisia, Sudan, Morocco, Afghanistan, Iraq and Cyprus. The Family Planning Associations of Bahrain, the Arab Republic of Yemen and the Yemen Democratic Republic joined in 1976.
Do You Have Senile Symptoms?
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

I met her after 30 years of absence. Thirty years she spent in a Western city where a mixture of cultures and races and a veriety of dynamic activities contributed to make of it an international cultural center.
Real Freedom is Freedom from Harmful Stereotypes
Authors: Abu Nasr Julinda
Published: March 2020

The process of awareness regarding woman's problems and demands has not achieved any significant progress, either on the cultural or on the social level.
Just a Housewife
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Ques. Are you married?Ans. Yes.Ques. Does your wife work?Ans. Oh, no!Ques. How does she spend her time 7Ans. Oh! she gets up early to prepilre the children's breakfast and send them to school. Then she goes to fetch water from the village well, gathers wo,)d from the near-by grove, then she kneads the dough, prepares the bread, cooks the noon meal; cleans the house, and does some sewing; after which she waters the house garden, milks the cow, etc ...Ques. How can you say that she does not work?Ans. Oh! she is just a housewife. She does not perform any real work!
Margaret Thatcher, "The Iron Lady"
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

• Behind her stand 200 years of struggle for liberation waged by English women.• A self-made woman who was not spoiled by her good looks nor prevented by her marriage and family from reaching the highest political position in England.• Her triumph represents a highlight in women's march toward equality.
Professional Women and National Development
Authors: Saleh Saneya
Published: March 2020

In a paper presented by Mrs. Saneya Saleh, from the Department of Sociology - Anthropology - Psychology at A.U.C. she tries to analyze "the inner world view of Egyptian professional women who have confronted the dil emmas of the brain drain phenomenon." In short, she brings out the motives that induced those women to leave Egypt as contrasted with those that preferred to stay .
The Visibility of Palestinian Refugees: Women in Revolutionary Narratives A Gender Discourse
Authors: El-Hussari Ibrahim
Published: March 2020

In the following critique El-Hussari discusses three of Ghassan Kanafani’s books: Rijal fil-Shams (Men in the Sun), Ma tabaqqa la-Kum (All That’s Left to You), and Umm Sa’ad. Kanafani. As a Palestinian refugee himself, Kanafani has fathered a genre of literature known as ‘Resistance Literature’. His literary works have continued to have a reverberating influence on the political and social discourse of Palestinian refugees throughout the Arab world. Though he does not focus specifically on gender issues, his analysis of Palestinian nationalism highlights the complex social and political context in which refugee women exist. El-Hussari’s critique of Kanafani’s novels focuses on the transformation of the female characters in their shift from passivity to political and social awareness and engagement.In so doing, El-Hussari suggests that Kanafani’s female characters represent the Palestinian refugee population in their political and social struggle to regain a voice and an ownership of destiny. Though the Palestinian refugee situation is unique, Kanafani’s focus on the Palestinian refugees struggle with engagement and activism resonates with other refugee communities in the Arab world. El-Hussari draws attention to the issue of refugee women who not only face discrimination as refugees but who also struggle with the gendered tension between voicelessness and engagement within the home and in the broader Arab society.
Back to Female Circumcision and Infibulation
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

On the front page of the world·renowned magazine Ie Monde a report was published bearing the title: "30 "million mutilated girls and women in Africa". It was the report of a seminar on "Traditional practices affecting the health of women and children" held by the World Health Organization in Khartoum, Sudan, Feb. 10·15, 1979.
Study on a Woman Pioneer Writer: May Ziadeh
Authors: Ghurayyib Rose
Published: March 2020

Since May Ziadeh's works, twelve or more in number, have been reedited by Naufal Publishing House in Beirut, Rose Ghurayyib has prepared a study analyzing the personality and works of this famous Lebanese author who spent most of her life (1886-1941) in Egypt and who distinguished herself as an orator, essayist, critic and stylist.
Family Planning Association Conference
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

The "Family Planning Association:' in Lebanon which, was founded in 1969, organized an important conference on May 12-14, 1977, at the Carlton Hotel, Beirut, to discuss the general topic of "Demographic Policies in Lebanon".
IWSAW's Activities in the Arab World
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

IWSAW's Activities in the Arab World
Feminist and Islamic Perspectives: New Horizons of Knowledge and Reform, Edited by Omaima Abou-Bakr. Published by Women and Memory Forum.
Authors: Abou-Bakr Omaima
Published: March 2020

The production of this volume spanned various stages, beginning with the idea of holding a conference that gathers Muslim women researchers from the Arab region and Europe interested in the cause of Islamic feminist knowledge and reform, to the event itself, the publications, and their launch.
Beirut / Blue Hours
Authors: Handal Nathalie
Published: March 2020

I walk away with your eyes, half-way realize,I didn’t know their color. The way their lashesmove, the color lipstick that makes them stare.I beg for the shape of glow to reveal itself,for any presence, for absence we’ve discoveredhas no wind nor song
Negotiating Identity Across Boundaries Arab-American: An Identity in the Making
Authors: Osseiran Ghia
Published: March 2020

“Once I claimed a past, spoke my history, told my name, the walls of incomprehension and hostility rose, brick by brick: unfunny ‘ethnic’ jokes, jibes about terrorists and Kalashnikovs, about veiled women and camels … Searching for images of my Arab self in American culture I found only unrecognizable stereotypes,” says Lisa Suhair Majaj (1994, p. 67), depicting her experience of what it is like to be a Palestinian living in the US. This paper strives to shed light on precisely this search for the self in the “Other,” focusing on the discursive formation of an anti-essentialist Arab-American subjectivity entrenched in the Arab-American experience, through a close analysis of the delineation of the individual and communal selves in the works of three Arab-American writers: Suheir Hammad, Mohja Kahf, and Diana Abu-Jaber.
Muslim Women in Southern Spain between Discrimination and Empowerment
Authors: Dietz Gunther , El-Shohoumi Nadia
Published: March 2020

In the last two decades, Spain has experienced a remarkable increase in its immigrant population (Cornelius,2004), of which North Africans make up a significant percentage. Concurrent and concomitant to this increase, since the end of the Franco regime, a strong tendency for conversion to the Islamic religion has been observable in Andalusian cities like Granada and Cordoba. In the face of these two phenomena, anti-Islamic and anti-“Moorish” attitudes reflecting the combination of ethnical, religious, and nationalist dimensions of discriminationnow prevail amongst large segments of the Spanish public. These attitudes are deeply-rooted and can be interpretedin one sense as historically transmitted stigmatizations of “the other”.
Setting the Record Straight: The Literary History of Women Writers in the Arab World
Authors: Morsy Faten
Published: March 2020

Is there a distinctive women's tradition in Arabic literature?To what extent are Arab women writers engaged in the process of social and political change in their respective countries? What are the cultural and politicalforces that helped shape the female literary tradition in the Arab world? These are some of the questions addressed in this extensive and informative reference onthe literary history of Arab women writers.
Opening Speech
Authors: Sfeir Abdallah
Published: March 2020

Ladies and gentlemen, dear friends and colleagues, A couple of years ago the decoding of the human genome was completed. The number of human genes turned out to be one third of what was anticipated and it was also foundthat an infinitesimal part of this code differs between one person and another, irrespective of gender, race, ethnicity, and geographical location.1 This rather surprising discovery led many scientists to recognize that humans are much lesscoded than we initially thought, and that in itself may well be the secret behind intelligence and the development of mankind.
Not so Notorious: Crimes Committed by Bahraini Women in the Kingdom of Bahrain
Authors: Strobl Staci
Published: March 2020

A notorious female criminal captures the public's attention. She is discussed over tea and coffee, and is the subject of editorials and letters in the local press. The serious nature of criminal behavior shocks and – for better or worse – simultaneously fascinates and entertains. As psychologist Jack Katz has suggested, consumption of crime-related media acts as a “ritual moral exercise” in which people work out their own moral issues vicariously.  From this phenomenological perspective, news reports of crime become sites in public life where the moral meaning of crime and punishment is created, consumed, and recreated.
Women Behind Bars: Three Cases from Lebanon
Authors: Hammoud Farah
Published: March 2020

The testimonies below were collected directly by Farah Hammoud, the social worker in charge of overseeing the implementation of the project entitled “Rehabilitation, Vocational Training, and Reinsertion Programs for Women in Tripoli Prison” jointly organized by the Institute for Women's Studies in the Arab World and Dar Al-Amal.
Arguments Valid for Once Only
Authors: Beydoun Azzah Shararah
Published: March 2020

More than a year has passed since Lebanon submitted its second periodic report to the CEDAW Committee (Convention on the Elimination of all Forms ofDiscrimination Against Women)1 at the United Nations in New York. The National Commission for LebaneseWomen (NCLW)2 was assigned the task of preparing thatreport, and NCLW in turn appointed a committee of its members to monitor the process of this preparation. The report is essentially an overview of the conditions of Lebanese women within the legislative, political, economic, educational, health, social, and cultural sectors. Moreover, it briefly highlights the geographical, political, administrative, institutional, social, and cultural environment of the country.3
Workshop/Sixth Annual Film Festival
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

WorkshopJune 22, 2005, LAU – BeirutOn June 22, 2005, a workshop on Linking Universities and NGOs in the Fight Against Child Labor project, funded by the Catholic Relief Service (CRS) and conducted by Caritas Lebanon since November 2004, was held at LAU, Irwin Hall. Sixth Annual Film FestivalJune 28–30, 2005, LAU – Beirut
Disabled Women and Body Image
Authors: El-Helou Roula
Published: March 2020

The disabled woman is faced with a lot of challenges in society. Despite that, she remains strong given that she pays the price first for being a woman and second for being a disabled woman. All she is armed with in this difficult and problematic journey for survival is her self-confidence and self-contentment. The disabled woman’s family also plays an important role in building her personality and improving her life conditions.
Young Arab Women
Authors: Fayad Mona
Published: March 2020

Youth represent an important sector of the Arab population. More than half the 250 million people in the Arab world today are under the age of 25. Given that the youth are the future and are a force to be reckoned with, identifying their problems and needs is a key element in ameliorating their conditions. Arab youth are plagued by very many ills, namely high unemployment rates, deteriorating public education, wars, social marginalization, health and reproductive problems, gender oppression, and sexual violence against young women to mention a few. The purpose of this issue of Al-Raida is to highlight the situation of youth in the Arab world.
What Moves the Young?
Authors: Harb Ali
Published: March 2020

Of what do the young dream now? How do they think? What do they look to? What motivates them in the midst of those rapid changes, sudden mutations and radical transformations?I will not be simplistic by saying that things are as they should be, nor by welcoming every change that takes place. But I am not an alarmist lamenting past values, as some do. Nor am I blind to the changes so as to deny what is taking place, nor to judge whatever is new as being decadent, degenerate, or negative and nihilistic.
‘Urfi marriage, an Egyptian Version of Cohabitation?
Authors: Eum Ikran
Published: March 2020

In Egypt, the term ‘urfi2 in relation to marriage means literally “customary” marriage, something that has always existed in Egypt but nowadays tends mostly to be secretly practiced among young people. Traditionally, according to Abaza,3 ‘urfi marriage took place not only for practical purposes (such as enabling widows to remarry while keeping the state pension of their deceased husbands), but also as a way of matchmaking across classes (since men from the upper classes use ‘urfi marriage as a way of marrying a second wife from a lower social class). In this way a man could satisfy his sexual desires while retaining his honor by preserving his marriage to the first wife and his position in the community to which he belonged, and keeping his second marriage secret.
Working towards the Globalization of Peace
Authors: Saliba Nadine
Published: March 2020

I want to speak about women under occupation in Palestine and Iraq. As we are caught in the clutches of war, speaking about ending violence against women means combating violence not only at the local and national level but also at the global level. Global forms of violence range from capitalist globalization to occupation, wars and militarization, and women in the ‘third world are the primary victims of these forms of violence.
Adolescent Boys’ Response to Gender Equitable Programming in Rural Upper Egyptian Villages: Between ‘Ayb and Haram
Authors: Zibani Nadia , Brady Martha
Published: March 2020

In the Middle East, as elsewhere, gender roles are transformed in response to a number of influences. The changing socioeconomic conditions in much of the Arab world have created economic disparities, and, at the  same time, have meant an increased participation of women in the labor force in many countries. These changes, along with the overall increase in female education, have threatened the “traditional” organization of  households and are beginning to redefine female space and boundaries (Ali 1996).
Masculinity as Violence in Arab Women’s Fiction
Authors: Abdel-Malek Angela
Published: March 2020

Feminist literary theorists have, until recently, focused on the treatment of women as Other in texts written by men. Although this is an extremely important project for feminists, especially because of the weight that men’s writing continues to have in the canon, I feel that in order to decentre men’s writing and to understand the roles men play in women’s lives, it is also important to analyze how women authors are representing men. In this paper, I have examined some of the writings by Arab women authors who have managed to be accepted into the Arabic literary canon and how men and masculinity are represented in their texts.
Masculine Identity in Hoda Barakat’s The Stone of Laughter
Authors: Katawi Mona
Published: March 2020

Since masculinity is “historically changing and politically fraught”any attempt at defining it remains deficient and incomplete. As R.W. Connell puts it, masculinities “come into existence at particular times and places, and are always subject to change” (Connell, 3). In Lebanon, the civil war had an enormous impact on the manner masculinity is perceived. The war polarized people according to their gender; the masculine ideal was reflected in courageous men killing and fighting inthe name of patriotism, whereas women were frequently associated with passivity.
Thorny Issues and Perilous Coalitions
Authors: M. Ali Nada Mustafa
Published: March 2020

When people [at the National Democratic Alliance conference in Asmara in 1995] started talking about democratic laws, the issue of women was raised. Of course [a member of a sectarian party] jumped up and said “so women’s [issues] have come here as well? Just like that from the start? So what do women have to do with that issue? Why do you want to mess up the story?” A party representative actually said that! (Interview with a former  member of the NDA Executive Office and delegate to theAsmara 1995 Conference).
Women Fighting Against War Amnesia
Authors: Maalouf Lynn
Published: March 2020

In July 2003, as the Lebanese ministers met for their weekly session to discuss taxes, electricity, and cellular phone companies, two women were standing alone in the scorching heat, at the steps of the cabinet headquarters, desperately trying to get a word with anyone inside. But no one would let them in. The only response they got to their screams and shouts was to be dragged away by the security forces, before any of the ministers even knew they were there. They had walked from around the corner, from where a group of families were holding one of their weekly sit-ins before the National Museum, in one of their many efforts to keep their cause alive - that of the missing - their sons, husbands, and brothers.