bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea, Glucose Tolerance and Liver Steatosis in Obese Women
Authors: Acartürk G , Ünlü M , Yüksel S , Albayrak R , Köken T , Peker Y
Published: February 2013

In this study of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), glucose tolerance and liver steatosis in females from an obesity unit, 45 patients (mean age 46.8 years, mean body mass index 39.4 kg/m2, all non-diabetic and alcohol abstainers) underwent nocturnal polysomnography, a 2 h oral glucose tolerance test and abdominal ultrasonography. OSA, defined as an apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI) of ≤ 10 events/h, was present in 20 patients (44%). Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was found in eight patients (40%) with OSA and three patients (12%) without OSA; there was a positive linear relationship between AHI and post-load glucose levels. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, IGT was predicted by OSA independently of age, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure and current smoking. Liver steatosis was present in 37 women (82.2%), of whom six had grade III steatosis. Of the variables tested, IGT was the only predictor of grade III steatosis. In conclusion, OSA is an independent predictor of IGT which, in turn, is associated with severe liver steatosis in an obesity unit-based sample of women.
Lesion Detectability and Clinical Effectiveness of Dual-head Coincidence Gamma Camera Imaging in Comparison with Dedicated PET Systems in Tumour Patients
Authors: Narin Y , Urhan M , Canpolat N , Vardereli E , Bayhan H
Published: February 2013

The lesion detection capability and clinical effectiveness of dual-head coincidence gamma camera imaging (c-PET) were compared with those of dedicated positron emission tomography (d-PET) in 37 cancer patients who underwent whole-body c-PET and d-PET imaging after administration of 370 − 540 MBq 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose. Eighty-nine lesions were detected on c-PET whereas 133 lesions were seen with d-PET imaging. The relative sensitivity of c-PET compared with d-PET was 62% and 73% for lesions < 15 and ≤ 15 mm, respectively, and the relative concordance rate was 84% when the patients were restaged. Since the lesion detection rate of c-PET imaging was lower than that of d-PET, the detection of small lesions, therefore, requires care. The clinical effectiveness of c-PET, however, was similar to that of d-PET and, therefore, it is concluded that c-PET can be used as an alternative to d-PET, particularly considering the high cost and limited availability of d-PET cameras.
Telmisartan, an Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blocker, Inhibits Advanced Glycation End-product (AGE)-induced Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Expression in Mesangial Cells through Downregulation of Receptor for AGEs via Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor-γ Activation
Authors: Matsui T , Yamagishi S , Ueda S , Nakamura K , Imaizumi T , Takeuchi M , Inoue H
Published: February 2013

Interaction between advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and their receptor (RAGE) plays a central role in diabetic nephropathy pathogenesis. Pathophysiological crosstalk between the AGEs–RAGE system and angiotensin II (Ang II) is also involved in this disease. This study investigated the role of proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ)-modulating activity on inhibition of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) expression. Telmisartan, an Ang II type 1 receptor blocker, downregulated RAGE mRNA and inhibited superoxide generation and MCP-1 gene expression in mesangial cells; these processes were blocked by GW9662, a PPAR-γ inhibitor. Candesartan, an Ang II type 1 receptor blocker, did not suppress AGEs-induced superoxide generation. Telmisartan and the antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine, completely inhibited AGEs-induced MCP-1 overproduction by mesangial cells. These results suggest that telmisartan inhibits AGEs-signalling to MCP-1 expression in mesangial cells by downregulating RAGE gene expression and subsequent oxidative stress generation via PPAR-γ activation. This study has demonstrated a unique benefit of telmisartan in that it may function as an anti-inflammatory agent against AGEs via PPAR-γ activation and may play a protective role in diabetic nephropathy.
Features of Stroke in Chinese Diabetes Patients: A Hospital-based Study
Authors: Zhang X-D , Chen Y-R , Ge L , Ge Z-M , Zhang Y-H
Published: February 2013

In this study, demographic characteristics, risk factors, stroke subtypes and outcome were compared in 2532 patients with and without diabetes hospitalized for first-ever stroke. Diabetes was present in 471 (18.6%) of the patients. Patients with diabetes presented more frequently with ischaemic stroke (92.1% versus 71.3%), especially lacunar infarction (41.2% versus 35.2%), compared with non-diabetics. Cerebral haemorrhage was less frequent in diabetics than non-diabetics (4.2% versus 18.1%). In-hospital mortality rates from ischaemic stroke were similar in the two groups (18.2% in diabetics and 16.9% in non-diabetics). Predictors of in-hospital mortality in diabetic patients included decreased consciousness, congestive heart failure and atrial fibrillation. In conclusion, stroke in diabetic patients was different to stroke in non-diabetic patients: in diabetics the frequency of cerebral haemorrhage was lower and the rate of lacunar infarct syndrome was higher, but in-hospital mortality from ischaemic stroke was not increased. Clinical factors evident at the onset of stroke have a major influence on in-hospital mortality and may help clinicians provide a more accurate prognosis.
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Han and Mongolian Rural Population with Hypertension
Authors: Zhang X , Sun Z , Zhang X , Zheng L , Li J , Liu S , Xu C , Li J , Zhao F , Hu D , Sun Y
Published: February 2013

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome, as defined by the International Diabetes Federation, was compared in two rural populations with hypertension in China. A total of 6326 subjects aged ≤ 35 years were included: 5043 Han and 1283 Mongolian. Metabolic syndrome was identified in 33.9% (men: 16.1%; women: 47.8%) of the Han and 37.6% (men: 14.7%; women: 55.0%) of the Mongolian populations. In men, prevalence of metabolic syndrome showed no obvious ethnicity differences; however, in women, prevalence was significantly higher in the Mongolian than in the Han population. This study showed high prevalence and ethnic differences in prevalence of metabolic syndrome in these two Chinese hypertensive populations.
Hyperactive Delirium and Blood Glucose Control in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Heymann A , Sander M , Krahne D , Deja M , Weber-Carstens S , MacGuill M , Kastrup M , Wernecke KD , Nachtigall I , Spies CD
Published: February 2013

Delirium is a common complication of critically ill patients and is often associated with metabolic disorders. One of the most frequent metabolic disorders in intensive care unit (ICU) patients is hyperglycaemia. The aim of this retrospective study of 196 adult ICU patients was to determine if there is an association between hyperactive delirium and blood glucose levels in ICU patients. Hyperactive delirium was diagnosed using the delirium detection score. Blood glucose levels were monitored by blood gas analysis every 4 h. Hyperactive delirium was detected in 55 (28%) patients. Delirious patients showed significantly higher blood glucose levels than non-delirious patients Higher overall complication rates, length of ventilation, ICU stay and mortality rates were seen in the delirium group. In a multivariate analysis, glucose level, alcohol abuse, APACHE II score, complication by hospital-acquired pneumonia and a diagnosis of polytrauma on-admission all significantly influenced the appearance of delirium.
Advanced Glycation End Products Inhibit Production and Activity of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
Authors: Gao L , Kang L , Chen Q , Chen C , Xu B , Jiang S
Published: February 2013

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Cultured HUVECs were incubated with various concentrations of AGEs-modified albumin or unmodified albumin for different time periods. Protein and gene expression of MMP-2 and the receptor for AGEs (RAGE) were measured by Western blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. The activity of MMP-2 in the conditioned medium was measured by gelatin zymography. The AGE-modified albumin inhibited MMP-2 but increased RAGE protein and gene expression in HUVECs in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. An inhibition of MMP-2 activity was also detected in the conditioned medium of HUVECs incubated with AGEs-modified albumin. In conclusion, AGEs inhibited the expression and activity of MMP-2 in HUVECs; this may be mediated through upregulation of RAGE.
Intramuscular Haemangioma of the Extensor Pollicis Brevis Muscle with Periosteal Reaction of the Radius: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Kayias EH , Drosos GI , Kazakos KI , Iatrou C , Blatsoukas KS , Verettas D-A
Published: February 2013

We report the rare case of a histologically proven mixed-type intramuscular haemangioma, adjacent to the periosteum of the radius, that caused a periosteal reaction. We also carried out a review of the literature relevant to this case. A 28-year-old male professional drummer presented with an 8-month history of pain and swelling of the dorsal aspect of the right radius. Diagnosis was established on the basis of plain radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging, and was confirmed by histology. The lesion was treated solely by resection of the soft-tissue mass. The patient remained asymptomatic 4 years post-operatively, with no radiographic signs of recurrence. From a review of the literature, it is evident that the terminology for haemangiomas causing regional bone changes is unclear. A new classification of the intramuscular haemangiomas is proposed in order to distinguish between lesions that, according to current knowledge, exhibit radiological and clinical areas of overlap.
High Tibial Osteotomy for Medial Compartment Osteoarthritis: A Comparison of Clinical and Radiological Results from Closed Wedge and Focal Dome Osteotomies
Authors: Bilgen MS , Atici T , Bilgen OF
Published: February 2013

This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiological results of closed wedge osteotomy (11 knees) and focal dome osteotomy (14 knees) in cases of high tibial osteotomy undertaken for varus knee with medial compartment osteoarthritis. Clinical evaluation was performed using the Knee Society Score and no significant difference was seen between the two groups at final follow-up. Radiological evaluation was made on the basis of the pre- and postoperative mechanical axis, postoperative movement of the tibial axis, loss of correction at final follow-up and patellar height measured using the Insall-Salvati index. Statistically significant differences were seen with focal dome osteotomy compared with closed wedge osteotomy in the Insall-Salvati index at final follow-up, the amount of correction loss and the change in tibial axis location. It is concluded that, in the treatment of medial compartment osteoarthritis by high tibial osteotomy, focal dome osteotomy is more beneficial than closed wedge osteotomy in not creating any additional deformity.
Effect of Ongoing Inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis on P-Wave Dispersion
Authors: Yavuzkir M , Ozturk A , Dagli N , Koca S , Karaca I , Balin M , IŁik A
Published: February 2013

It has been emphasized recently that there is a strong association between atrial fibrillation and inflammation. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), characterized by ongoing inflammatory activity, can increase the risk of atrial arrhythmia. P-wave dispersion has been encountered as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation and the effect of inflammation on P-wave dispersion has not been studied thoroughly. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of ongoing inflammatory activity in RA on P-wave dispersion. The study comprised 82 patients diagnosed with RA and 41 healthy volunteers as controls. Systolic functions of all participants were evaluated by echocardiography. Maximum P-wave duration and dispersion were calculated and found to be significantly increased in the RA group compared with the healthy controls. These parameters were also significantly correlated with C-reactive protein levels. The findings of this study suggest that RA may be associated with increases in P-wave dispersion and maximum P-wave duration, and that this association may result from ongoing inflammation.
Mutation Analysis of the Vangl2 Coding Region Revealed No Common Cause for Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Erdal E , Erdal C , Bulut G , Kunter İ , Kir M , Atabey N , Açikel Ü
Published: February 2013

Vangl2 (Van Gogh-like 2) protein acts via non-canonical Wnt signalling to regulate polarized cell movements during development of the proximal outflow tract in vertebrate embryos. Recently, it has been shown that mutations of the Vangl2 gene cause aortic arch defects that are characteristic of the loop-tail (Lp) mouse and they have also became a strong candidate for causing congenital outflow tract defects in humans. Thus, in this study Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF), which comprises a group of syndromes that constitutes the most frequent cause of congenital cardiac outflow abnormalities in humans, was analysed for mutations within all coding regions of the Vangl2 gene. Based on direct sequencing data from a combination of 20 patients with ToF and 22 healthy people, three polymorphisms have been identified in exon 6 and exon 7 which do not change the amino acid sequence. It was concluded, therefore, that there is no specific mutation responsible for the ToF phenotype in the Vangl2 gene.
Bowel Perforation Secondary to Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt: Case Report and Clinical Analysis
Authors: Zhou F , Chen G , Zhang J
Published: February 2013

Bowel perforation is an unusual complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunting. This article describes a case of bowel perforation associated with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt inserted in an 8-month-old male infant for meningocoele and hydrocephalus. Ten months after insertion of the shunt the infant presented with the shunting tube protruding through the anus. There were no signs of meningitis or peritonitis. At laparotomy the tube was seen to enter the transverse colon and was encapsulated by the greater omentum. The tube was cut and the distal end removed via the anus. The transverse colon was repaired. The catheter continued to function effectively and the patient remained asymptomatic. The literature on this rare complication is reviewed and the therapeutic options are discussed.
Role of Erythropoietin in Cancer-related Anaemia: A Double-edged Sword?
Authors: Guan X , Chen L
Published: February 2013

Anaemia often occurs in cancer patients and its origin is multifactorial, resulting from either bone marrow infiltration of cancer cells or cytotoxic effects produced by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Anaemia impacts significantly on quality of life and appears markedly to limit disease control. Erythropoietin stimulates erythrocyte formation and the human recombinant form is useful in treating anaemia in cancer patients. Over the past decade erythropoietin has been associated with amelioration of anaemia and reduced need for blood transfusions. Nevertheless, several pre-clinical and clinical trials, employing relatively high doses of erythropoietin, have been halted recently following increased mortality and morbidity, primarily due to thrombotic events and possible tumour growth stimulation. It is, therefore, too early to know whether erythropoietin is useful in controlling morbidity and mortality in cancer-related anaemia. The risk–benefit of erythropoietic agents should be studied in carefully controlled trials. This review discusses prevalent issues and addresses key questions concerning the use of erythropoietic agents for the treatment of cancer-related anaemia.
Comparison of Short-term Results of Bone Tunnel Enlargement between EndoButton™ CL and Cross-pin Fixation Systems after Chronic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with Autologous Quadrupled Hamstring Tendons
Authors: Kuskucu SM
Published: February 2013

We performed arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions of chronic ACL rupture with autologous hamstring tendon grafts in males (mean age 23.9 years). Thirty-two cross-pin fixations and 24 EndoButton™ CL fixations were performed on the femoral side. Distal fixations on the tibial side were maintained with interference screws plus a staple. Tunnel enlargement was evaluated using X-rays. Femoral and tibial tunnels were measured at three levels 5 mm apart, and average enlargement was calculated after correction for magnification. Tunnel enlargement 12 months after surgery was greater for the EndoButton™ CL system (femoral side 43.71%, tibial side 51.11%) than for the cross-pin system (femoral side 32.61%, tibial side 25.62%);the difference was significant only on the tibial side. Both proximal fixation techniques were judged clinically successful (follow-up 16–36 months). The far fixation point in the EndoButton™ CL group may be related to mechanical loosening.
The Sensitivity of Clinical Diagnostic Methods in the Diagnosis of Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Onde ME , Ozge A , Senol MG , Togrol E , Ozdag F , Saracoglu M , Misirli H
Published: February 2013

This study assessed the sensitivity of various methods for the clinical diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. A total of 147 randomly selected patients with diabetes mellitus and 65 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were evaluated by various clinical (the neuropathy symptom score [NSS], the neuropathy disability score [NDS], vibration perception thresholds [VPTs], Tinel's sign and Phalen's sign), laboratory (fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin levels) and electrophysiological (nerve conduction studies, H-reflex and F-wave measurements) methods. In the patient group, 8.2% had an abnormal NSS, 28.5% had a positive Phalen's sign, 32.6% had a positive Tinel's sign, 42.8% had an abnormal VPT and 57.1% had an abnormal NDS. Significant correlations were found between electrophysiologically confirmed neuropathy and the two provocation tests and abnormal VPTs. In conclusion, assessment with a complete neurological examination and standard electrophysiological tests is very important for the diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and the prevention of morbidity in patients with or without symptoms.
Adiponectin and Insulin Resistance in Obesity-related Diseases
Authors: Ebinç H , Ozkurt ZN , Ebinç FA , Yilmaz M , Caglayan O
Published: February 2013

The relationship between insulin resistance and serum adiponectin levels in 400 subjects with different obesity-related diseases was studied. Lean subjects with body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m2 were placed in one group and the other five groups of overweight/obese subjects with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 were grouped according to disease profile. The homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index and adiponectin levels were similar in the lean, metabolically normal (MNO) and hypertensive groups, but were different when the dyslipidaemic group was compared with the lean and MNO groups. The type 2 diabetic (DMO) and hypertensive, type 2 diabetic (DMHTO) groups were significantly different from other groups with respect to HOMA-IR index and adiponectin levels. Adiponectin levels were lower in the DMHTO than the DMO group. In multiple regression analysis, adiponectin levels correlated with group categorization independently of age, sex, BMI and HOMA-IR. Hypoadiponectinaemia may play a role in the development of complications of obesity.
Effects of Sympatholytic Therapy with Moxonidine on Serum Adiponectin Levels in Hypertensive Women
Authors: Ebinç H , Ozkurt ZN , Ebinç FA , Ucardag D , Caglayan O , Yilmaz M
Published: February 2013

We examined whether moxonidine influences lipid profile, insulin resistance, adiponectin levels, renal function and microalbuminuria in women with essential hypertension in a study of 55 non-diabetic hypertensive patients and 53 normotensive women. Hypertensive patients received moxonidine for 12 weeks. At baseline the hypertensive group had significantly higher mean blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, total cholesterol, fasting glucose, urinary albumin excretion and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), together with significantly lower mean high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, creatinine clearance and serum adiponectin than the normotensive group. Moxonidine significantly decreased blood pressure, fasting glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HOMA-IR and albumin excretion, but significantly increased serum adiponectin. The change in adiponectin level was negatively correlated with the change in HOMA-IR. Moxonidine treatment may improve unfavourable metabolic status related to insulin resistance by increasing adiponectin levels in patients with essential hypertension. Since it can improve adiponectin levels, it may be used in the antihypertensive treatment of patients at high risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Cerebral White Matter Lesions and Cognitive Function in a Non-demented Chinese Veteran Cohort
Authors: Zhou G , Ren S , Chen N , Duan L , Zhang Z , Fang S , Zhao W
Published: February 2013

This study examined the association between cerebral white matter lesions (WMLs) and cognitive function in a male, non-demented Chinese veteran cohort. A total of 662 participants underwent CT scan and cognitive function assessments; 51 were excluded from the analysis because they exhibited non-lacunar infarcts or suspected dementia. Subjects were allocated to one of four groups according to WML status and between-group comparisons were made for seven cognitive function tests. Logistic regression was used to assess odds ratios for impaired performance associated with WML status. In all cognitive tests, subjects with severe WMLs differed significantly from those without WMLs or with mild WMLs, and in three tests subjects with severe WMLs differed significantly from those with moderate WMLs. For each cognitive test severe WMLs were strongly associated with increased risk of impaired performance. Severe WMLs were associated with greater diminished cognitive function and there may be a WML threshold after which, in elderly Chinese subjects, an impact on cognitive function occurs.
Adenoid Hypertrophy in Adults: Clinical and Morphological Characteristics
Authors: Yildirim N , Şahan M , Karslioğlu Y
Published: February 2013

This study compared the aetiology and pathological characteristics of adult and childhood adenoid hypertrophy (AH). Clinical and morphological features and accompanying otolaryngological pathologies were recorded in 40 adults and 23 children undergoing adenoidectomy for obstructive AH. Both AH forms were similar in terms of symptomatology and associated inflammations. There were, however, significant differences in otitis media rate, with effusion and dullness, and retraction in the eardrum both more prevalent in childhood AH. Adult AH was associated with nasal septum deviation in 25.0% of patients. Histopathological features of adenoidal lymphoid tissue were dissimilar in the two groups: numerous lymph follicles with prominent germinal centres was the chief finding in childhood adenoids, whereas adult adenoids showed chronic inflammatory cell infiltration and secondary changes (e.g. squamous metaplasia). These results underline the importance of considering AH as a cause or contributing factor in nasal obstruction and related pathologies in adults and supports the theory that it represents a long-standing inflammatory process rather than being a novel clinical entity.
Effect and Mechanism of Andrographolide on the Recovery of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Susceptibility to Several Antibiotics
Authors: Wu CM , Cao JL , Zheng MH , Ou Y , Zhang L , Zhu XQ , Song JX
Published: February 2013

Effectiveness and mechanism of action of andrographolide on the recovery of Pseudomonas aeruginosa susceptibility to antibiotics was investigated. In the presence of andrographolide, the Mueller-Hinton broth dilution method measured minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of ceftazidine, cefpirome, chloramphenicol, l-ofloxacin, kanamycin, imipenem and meropenem. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to determine mexB mRNA expressions in P. aeruginosa PAO1 strain and MexAB-OprM overexpressing strain. Relative mexB mRNA expression was detected in both strains incubated for 3 and 9 h. When andrographolide-treated groups were compared with controls, the MIC of ceftazidine, cefpirome, l-ofloxacin and meropenem for both strains decreased, and the relative mexB mRNA expression was significantly lower, although between andrographolide groups there were no significant differences. Compared with the inactivated quorum-sensing system, relative amounts of mexB mRNA in the PAO1 strain and MexAB-OprM overexpressing strain in the activated quorum-sensing system increased 10- and 30-fold, respectively. Andrographolide recovered P. aeruginosa susceptibility to antibiotics and reduced the MexAB-OprM efflux pump expression level.
MRI Screening of Dysbaric Osteonecrosis in Hyperbaric-chamber inside Attendants
Authors: Ozkan H , Uzun G , Yildiz S , Sonmez G , Mutlu H , Aktas S
Published: February 2013

Inside attendants are medical staff who accompany patients during hyperbaric oxygen treatments. Dysbaric osteonecrosis (DON) is a well-known consequence of hyperbaric exposure. The aim of this study was to evaluate DON in inside attendants using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The bilateral shoulder, hip and knee joints of 12 inside attendants (four men, eight women; mean age 29 years; age range 22–36 years) were investigated. The mean ± SD duration of employment as an inside attendant was 3.8 ± 3.0 years (range 1–9 years) and the mean ± SD number of hyperbaric exposures was 198 ± 267 (median 96; range 30–950). None of the inside attendants had a history of decompression sickness. The MRIs of the attendants did not reveal bone lesions consistent with DON. This study failed to find an increased risk for DON in inside attendants. Additional multicentre epidemiological studies are warranted to investigate the occupational safety of inside attendants.
Using 100% Oxygen does not Alter the Cardiovascular Autonomic Regulation during Non-invasively Simulated Haemorrhage in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Kim YK , Jun IG , Kim SR , Hwang JH , Cho SK , Han SM , Hwang GS
Published: February 2013

We tested the effect of 100% oxygen on heart rate (HR), arterial blood pressure (ABP), cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), total peripheral resistance (TPR), HR variability (HRV), systolic blood pressure variability (SBPV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) in 20 healthy volunteers during simulated haemorrhage induced by −40 mmHg lower body negative pressure (LBNP). HRV in the high frequency region (HRVHF), BRS, ABP and TPR were significantly increased, SBPV in the low frequency region (SBPVLF), CO and SV were unchanged, and HR was significantly decreased by 100% oxygen administration during normovolaemia. HRVHF, BRS, CO and SV were significantly decreased, SBPVLF and ABP were unchanged, and HR and TPR were significantly increased by LBNP during 21% or 100% oxygen administration. There were no significant differences in cardiovascular autonomic and haemodynamic responses to LBNP during 21% or 100% oxygen administration, suggesting that 100% oxygen does not alter normal cardiovascular autonomic responses during simulated haemorrhage.
Treatment of Intracerebral Glioblastomas with G422 Tumour Cell Vaccine in a Mouse Model
Authors: Ma YH , Yu JB , Yao HP , Zhan RY , Zheng JS
Published: February 2013

The aim of this study was to develop a tumour vaccine with the ability to induce and expand higher affinity cytotoxic T lymphocytes and stimulate an effective antitumour immune response. The hypothesis tested was that G422 glioblastoma cells modified with B7-1 and interferon (IFN)-γ genes could serve as a tumour vaccine. It was found that therapeutic subcutaneous immunizations with this tumour vaccine significantly induced a cytotoxic T-cell response and prolonged the survival of female Kuming mice with intracerebral G422 tumour isografts. The data collectively suggested that G422 glioblastoma cells genetically modified with B7-1 and IFN-γ genes could serve as a tumour vaccine.
Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Isolated Systolic Hypertension in the Rural Adult Population of Liaoning Province, China
Authors: Xu C , Sun Z , Zheng L , Zhang D , Li J , Zhang X , Liu S , Li J , Zhao F , Hu D , Sun Y
Published: February 2013

The prevalence of and associated risk factors for isolated systolic hypertension, as defined by the Joint National Committee (JNC)-6 classification, were investigated in the rural population of Liaoning Province, China. A total of 45 925 people aged 35 years or older were examined in a cross-sectional study. Overall, the prevalence of isolated systolic hypertension was 10.6% (males 10.1%; females 11.2%). The prevalence of isolated systolic hypertension was positively correlated with age, gender, smoking status, alcohol intake, body mass index, salt intake and Mongolian race. This study showed that isolated systolic hypertension was very common in rural Chinese people and that many risk factors are linked with isolated systolic hypertension.
Primary Malignant Myoepithelioma of the Left Maxillary Sinus: A Case Report
Authors: Zhou SH , Ruan LX , Gong L , Wang SQ
Published: February 2013

We describe the case of a 41-year-old woman who presented with a malignant myoepithelioma (MME) in her left maxillary sinus. Exploratory biopsy of the left maxillary sinus was performed and pathological examination demonstrated that the tumour was positive for calponin and cytokeratin 14, which are indicative of MME. Lateral rhinotomy and left total maxillectomy were undertaken and the patient received radiotherapy and chemotherapy post-surgery. Primary recurrence and metastasis to the left angle of the mandible occurred 9 months after the surgery. The patient died of cachexia 13 months after the surgery.
QuantiFERON®-TB Gold in the Diagnosis of Active Tuberculosis
Authors: Bartu V , Havelkova M , Kopecka E
Published: February 2013

QuantiFERON®-TB Gold (QFT) is an indirect diagnostic test for latent tuberculosis (TB) infection and active TB. This study aimed to evaluate and compare QFT and the tuberculin skin test (TST) for the diagnosis of active TB disease, not bacteriologically verified at the time of therapy initiation. Seventy-three patients with suspected active TB were examined. Further diagnostic steps confirmed the diagnosis of active TB in 53 persons. QFT was positive in 43 persons (81%), negative in seven (13%), and indeterminate results were found in three (6%). The sensitivity of the test was 86% in those with valid results, significantly higher than that for the TST (62%), and the correlation between the two tests was not high (55%). The QFT test is a useful addition to existing methods for the diagnosis of active TB.
Effect of Chronic Arsenic Exposure from Drinking Waters on the QT Interval and Transmural Dispersion of Repolarization
Authors: Yildiz A , Karaca M , Biceroglu S , Nalbantcilar MT , Coskun U , Arik F , Aliyev F , Yiginer O , Turkoglu C
Published: February 2013

This study investigated the effects of chronic arsenic exposure on QT- and QTc-interval prolongation, QTc dispersion (QTcd) and transmural dispersion of repolarization (TDR). We compared cardiac parameters from 40 male subjects chronically exposed to arsenic (group A) with those of 40 male subjects not exposed to arsenic (group B). Although subjects in both groups had non-corrected QT intervals within normal limits, subjects in group A had significantly longer QTc and QTcd intervals compared with group B. A total of 70% of group A compared with 10% of group B had QTcd values > 50 ms. The mean TDR value was also significantly higher in group A compared with group B. Although non-corrected QT intervals were within normal limits, those subjects chronically exposed to arsenic had a slight QT prolongation and a higher prevalence of subtle repolarization abnormalities, which might be clinically relevant.
Genetic Polymorphisms in the DNA Repair Enzyme ERCC2 and Breast Tumour Risk in a Chinese Population
Authors: Li J , Jin W , Chen Y , Di G , Wu J , Shao Z-M
Published: February 2013

DNA repair systems enable our cells to respond to carcinogens and mutagens. The ERCC2 gene encodes a DNA repair protein that has multiple regulatory cellular functions including nucleotide excision repair, basal transcription, cell cycle control, and apoptosis. The ERCC2 polymorphism Lys751Gln may alter the capacity for DNA repair, which could affect the risk of certain cancers. We examined whether the Lys751Gln polymorphism was associated with the risk of breast cancer in Chinese women by analysing the genotype frequencies in 486 patients with breast cancer and 479 cancer-free control subjects. At least one variant allele (Lys/Gln or Gln/Gln) was associated with a 44% decreased risk of breast cancer. Patients with breast cancer with the 751Lys/Gln or 751Gln/Gln genotypes were less likely to be hormone receptor positive. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that ERCC2 polymorphisms might be potential risk markers for breast cancer in the Chinese population.
Impact of Adenovirus-mediated Local Expression of Human Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor on Vascular Smooth Muscular Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis in the Stent-implanted Femoral Artery of the Rabbit
Authors: Zhang Z-Y , Yin X-H
Published: February 2013

This study examined the effect of gene transfer of local tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in stent-implanted arteries. Rabbit femoral arteries were balloon-injured, stent-implanted and infected with the replication-defective recombinant adenovirus-mediated TFPI gene (Ad-TFPI) or the β-galactosidase gene (Ad- LacZ), or treated with saline solution. Expression of TFPI at the site of the stent was confirmed after 3 days using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). After 7 days, proliferating cells were visualized by immunostaining with antibodies to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and apoptotic cells were detected using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl mediated nick end labelling (TUNEL) technique. Cell proliferation was significantly decreased and apoptosis significantly increased in the media in the Ad-TFPI group compared with the other two groups. In conclusion, Ad-TFPI gene transfer can significantly suppress VSMC proliferation and induce its apoptosis in the media at the site of an implanted stent and may have potential for the treatment of instent re-stenosis.
The Impact of Clinical Risk Factors in the Conversion from Acute Lung Injury to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Severe Multiple Trauma Patients
Authors: Wu JS , Sheng L , Wang SH , Gu J , Ma YF , Zhang M , Gan JX , Xu SW , Zhou W , Xu SX , Li Q , Jiang GY
Published: February 2013

Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are different stages of the same disease, the aggravated stage of ALI leading to ARDS. Patients with ARDS have higher hospital mortality rates and reduced long-term pulmonary function and quality of life. It is, therefore, important to prevent ALI converting to ARDS. This study evaluated 17 risk factors potentially associated with the conversion from ALI to ARDS in severe multiple trauma. The results indicate that the impact of pulmonary contusion, APACHE II score, gastrointestinal haemorrhage and disseminated intravascular coagulation may help to predict conversion from ALI to ARDS in the early phase after multiple-trauma injury. Trauma duration, in particular, strongly impacted the short- and long-term development of ALI. Being elderly (aged ≥ 65 years) and undergoing multiple blood transfusions in the early phase were independent risk factors correlated with secondary sepsis, deterioration of pulmonary function and transfusion-related acute lung injury due to early multiple fluid resuscitation.
Novel Double-superior-trunk Injury of the Brachial Plexus: A Case Report
Authors: Xu S , Wang X , Lou X , Du J , Gong L , Lin X
Published: February 2013

Brachial plexus injuries are generally rare and a double-superior-trunk injury of the brachial plexus has never been reported before. We report the first case of a brachial plexus injury in a 43-year-old Chinese male with a double superior trunk. This was observed incidentally during an operation 1 month after initial traction injury sustained in a car accident. The double superior trunk of the brachial plexus was formed by the double roots of C5 and C6, respectively. Six months after discharge, the patient reported the recovery of most of the function of his left arm except the muscles innervated by the radial nerve. Two years after discharge, he reported almost full functional recovery of his left arm. We discuss what is known about anatomical variations of the brachial plexus, and the possible association between this novel brachial plexus anatomy and the almost complete functional recovery of the arm.
Achondroplasia Associated with Gonadal Dysgenesis
Authors: Gokce C , Atabek ME , Kaynar L , Torun E , Kurtoglu S , Bayram F
Published: February 2013

A 45-year-old woman with short stature and primary amenorrhoea was admitted during a health-screening programme. Physical examination revealed a shortness of proximal legs and arms, short stature and other clinical properties of achondroplasia. Secondary sexual characteristics assessment showed axillary hair stage 5, breast stage 4 and pubic hair stage 5 (Tanner staging). Chromosomal analysis showed a 46XX karyotype. Skeletal X-ray showed small iliac wings and narrow sciatic notches. On pelvic ultrasound examination, the uterus appeared infantile and the ovaries were not visualized. Physical examination and laboratory parameters revealed a diagnosis of hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case of achondroplasia with gonadal dysgenesis discussed in the literature.
Effects of Milk Casein-derived Peptides on Absolute Oxyhaemoglobin Concentrations in the Prefrontal Area and on Work Efficiency after Mental Stress Loading in Male Students
Authors: Nakamura H , Iwamoto M , Ogata T , Washida K , Sekine K , Takase M , Park BJ , Morikawa T , Miyazaki Y
Published: February 2013

This study examined the influence of milk casein-derived peptides on cerebral activity after mental stress loading. In a crossover study, 16 male students were given a drink containing peptides (peptide group), or water (control group) before stress loading. The oxyhaemoglobin (HbO2) concentration in the prefrontal area of the brain and work efficiency were measured as indicators of cerebral activity and differences in these parameters were examined according to type A or type B personality. Type A behaviour was defined as: aggression–hostility, hard-driving—time-urgency and speed–power, whereas type B behaviour did not have these characteristics. Peptide intake resulted in a significant increase in both HbO2 concentration and work efficiency, whilst a similar increase was not seen in the control group. When divided into type A or type B personality, the changes in HbO2 concentration for the control group differed significantly in the right prefrontal area. Moreover, in type A subjects the HbO2 concentration in the right prefrontal area following intake was significantly different between the peptide and control groups.
Natriuretic Peptides, Antidiuretic Hormone and Hyponatraemia after Acute Craniocerebral Injury
Authors: Zhang W , Li S , Visocchi M , Jiang J , Wang X
Published: February 2013

We investigated the physiological mechanisms involved in central hyponatraemia in patients with acute craniocerebral injury (ACI). We measured blood concentrations of natriuretic peptides, antidiuretic hormone (ADH), and endogenous digitalis-like substance (EDLS), blood and urine sodium concentrations, and the plasma and urine osmolality in 68 patients with ACI and 24 healthy control subjects. A total of 27 ACI patients were hyponatraemic and the majority of these had grievous or severely grievous craniocerebral injuries. Blood concentrations of EDLS and ADH in hyponatraemic ACI patients were significantly higher compared with normonatraemic ACI patients and control subjects. Blood EDLS and sodium concentrations were negatively correlated with each other, whereas EDLS was positively correlated with urine sodium concentration and with urine osmotic pressure. Hyponatraemic ACI patients require different treatment based on the cause of their central hyponatraemia, so it is important to undertake a comprehensive analysis of each patient's physiological status.
The Nucleus Accumbens Core has a More Important Role in Resisting Reactivation of Extinguished Conditioned Place Preference in Morphine-addicted Rats
Authors: Wang J , Zhao Z , Liang Q , Wang X , Chang C , Wang J , Gao G
Published: February 2013

We investigated the roles of the core and shell subfields of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in drug- or foot-shock-induced reactivation of extinguished conditioned place preference (CPP) in morphine-addicted rats. Rats were given electrolytic lesions to either the core or shell after CPP was established. After surgery, a reduction of CPP scores to morphine was observed in all groups. During the reacquisition of morphine-seeking behaviour, rats in the shell and sham lesion groups regained their CPP, while the CPP in core lesion rats remained severely impaired. Similarly, foot-shock-induced reactivation of CPP in the core lesion group was significantly lower than that of the shell and sham lesion groups, and there was no significant difference between these latter groups. Our results demonstrate that NAc core and shell lesions elicited dissociable effects on reactivation of extinguished CPP in rats, suggesting that the NAc core might play a more important role in resisting reactivation of extinguished CPP in morphine-addicted rats.
Relationship between Protein Expression of VEGF-C, MMP-2 and Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Tian X , Cong M , Zhou W , Zhu J , Liu Q
Published: February 2013

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is a common malignancy and has a good prognosis after appropriate treatment. PTC cells spread mainly by lymph node metastasis (LNM), but the mechanism is not well understood. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) protein was studied immunohistochemically from the archived specimens of 65 PTC patients who initially presented without LNM. In this retrospective study, the frequency of expression differed significantly between thyroid cancer tissue and adjacent normal follicular epithelium (VEGF-C 78.5% and 20.0%, respectively; MMP-2 81.5% and 36.7%, respectively). LNM developed in 35 of the patients during 5–15 years of follow-up, by the end of which the frequencies of expression of VEGF-C and MMP-2 protein expression were 91.4% and 94.3%, respectively. Both VEGF-C and MMP-2 protein expression were significantly more frequent in PTC with LNM than without LNM. VEGF-C and MMP-2 protein expression levels were significantly correlated with LNM and it is, therefore, feasible that VEGF-C and MMP-2 may be useful as tumour markers of PTC with cervical LNM.
Expression of Reversion-inducing Cysteine-rich Protein with Kazal Motifs in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Links to Disease Activity, Damage Accrual and Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Secretion
Authors: Hou C , Zhang Y
Published: February 2013

We studied the expression of reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), the serum concentration of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and the MMP-9 secretion ability of PBMCs in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and clinical features were assessed. Compared with PBMCs from healthy donors, PBMCs from SLE patients expressed less RECK protein and mRNA but secreted more MMP-9. The serum concentration of MMP-9 was, however, lower in SLE patients than in healthy donors. The level of RECK protein was inversely associated with the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) Damage Index (SDI) and MMP-9 secretion in SLE, but no relationship was found between serum MMP-9 concentration and the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). In conclusion, the level of RECK protein expressed in PBMCs could be used to predict organ or system damage in SLE and this might help in developing new therapies for SLE targeted at MMP-9.
The Importance of Paraoxonase 1 Activity, Nitric Oxide and Lipid Peroxidation in Hepatosteatosis
Authors: Atamer A , Bilici A , Yenice N , Selek S , Ilhan N , Atamer Y
Published: February 2013

This study evaluated the changes in oxidative status in hepatosteatosis patients in terms of lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide (NO) and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity. A total of 49 patients with hepatosteatosis (29 males and 20 females, mean age 47.2 ± 3.6 years) and 25 healthy subjects (15 males and 10 females, mean age 46.1 ± 3.2 years) were enrolled in the study. Serum PON1 was measured spectrophotometrically, malondialdehyde (MDA), an end-product of lipid peroxidation, was determined using the thiobarbituric acid method, and NO was assessed using the Griess reaction. Lipid and other biochemical parameters were determined by routine laboratory methods. PON1 activity and NO levels were significantly decreased and MDA levels significantly increased in hepatosteatosis patients compared with healthy subjects. PON1 activity was correlated with MDA level and NO level. In conclusion, oxidative stress seems significantly to suppress PON1 synthesis in hepatosteatosis patients. In addition, oxidative stress and oxidant–antioxidant imbalance may be part of the cytotoxic mechanisms leading to liver cell injury.
Expression of the Water Channel Protein Aquaporin-9 in Human Astrocytic Tumours: Correlation with Pathological Grade
Authors: Tan G , Sun SQ , Yuan DL
Published: February 2013

This study investigated the expression of the water channel protein aquaporin-9 (AQP9) in 100 cases of human astrocytic tumour compared with normal brain tissue. AQP9 mRNA and protein were assessed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, respectively. The expression of both AQP9 mRNA and protein in astrocytic tumours was significantly greater than in normal brain tissue and was positively correlated with pathological grade. No significant correlations were found between the level of AQP9 mRNA or protein expression and gender, age, tumour size or tumour site. This study indicates that AQP9 may play an important role in the malignant progression of brain astrocytic tumours and may, therefore, be useful as a biomarker in its diagnosis and as a new target for gene therapy. The molecular mechanisms by which AQP9 affects the proliferation and apoptosis of astrocytic tumours need to be studied further.
Dental Panoramic Radiography in the Diagnosis of Osteoporosis
Authors: Çakur B , Şahin A , Dagistan S , Altun O , Çaglayan F , Miloglu Ö , Harorli A
Published: February 2013

Osteoporosis is common in the elderly and the dentist is often the only healthcare professional that they visit regularly. Since dental panoramic radiographs (DPRs) are widely used for routine examinations when planning treatment, this study evaluated whether the presence of osteoporosis might be apparent in a population of patients who underwent DPR. The mandibular cortical index (MCI) and a new method of measuring the mandibular radiographic density (m-RD), which used DPR that incorporated an aluminium step-wedge, were compared with the total vertebral bone mineral density (v-BMD) of the lumbar vertebrae measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 25 osteoporotic women. Although there was only a weak correlation between m-RD and v-BMD, significant correlation was found between MCI and v-BMD. Since both m-RD and MCI were related to v-BMD, dental radiographic density and MCI may be useful in clinical dental practice to identify osteoporotic women with previously undetected low BMD.