bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les collisions en 1987 et en 1999 : comparaisons entre les personnes
utilisatrices du téléphone mobile en 1999
et les toujours non-utilisatrices
Authors: Maag Urs , Laberge-Nadeau Claire , Angers Jean-François , Bellavance François , Poirier Louis François , Desjardins Denise , Messier Stéphane
Published: November 2023

Le téléphone mobile utilisé au volant constitue une distraction qui pourrait nuire à
une conduite sécuritaire. Une recherche sur 12 691 conducteurs utilisateurs(trices)
et 23 387 conducteurs non-utilisateurs(trices) a montré que les utilisateurs et utilisatrices
ont des risques relatifs de collision avec blessés et de toutes les collisions
de 38 % plus élevés que les non-utilisateurs et les non-utilisatrices (Laberge-Nadeau
et al., 2003).

Deux questions se posent : (i) Est-ce que ces deux cohortes sont comparables en terme
de taux de collision avant l’utilisation du téléphone mobile ? (ii) Comment répondre
à l’argument que l’utilisation des téléphones mobiles ne pose pas de risques car elle
augmente avec les années, mais les taux de collision diminuent ?

Parmi les 36 078 répondants de 1999 on trouve 18 707 personnes qui possédaient un
permis de conduire en 1987 : 5 107 hommes sont devenus utilisateurs, 7 779 sont restés non-utilisateurs, 1 365 et 4 438 respectivement pour les femmes. Les taux de
collision pour les deux groupes en 1987 ne sont pas significativement différents, ni
pour toutes les collisions, ni pour les collisions avec blessés. Entre 1987 et 1999 les
taux de collision des non-utilisateurs ont diminués significativement plus que ceux
des devenus utilisateurs. Le même résultat tient pour les femmes.

En conclusion : (i) Sur la base des collisions de 1987, on peut donc affirmer que la
cohorte des utilisateurs et celle des utilisatrices sont comparables, quoique légèrement
moins sécuritaires pour le groupe d’âge 16-34 ans, respectivement à la cohorte
des non-utilisateurs et celle des non-utilisatrices avant l’utilisation du téléphone
mobile, (ii) Les taux de collision diminuent de façon différentes pour les deux
cohortes; ils diminuent plus pour les non-utilisateurs et les non-utilisatrices que pour
les utilisateurs et les utilisatrices.
Étude par simulation mathématique
de l’efficacité d’un dispositif de retenue
pour enfant selon la configuration d’installation
Authors: Surcel Marius-Dorin , Gou Michel
Published: November 2023

L’objectif de la recherche présentée dans cet article était d’étudier par simulation
l’efficacité de diverses variantes d’installation d’un dispositif de retenue pour enfants
en cas de collision latérale, ainsi que frontale. Les auteurs ont donc utilisé le logiciel
MADYMO pour réaliser un modèle mathématique qui permettrait d’étudier, à peu
de frais, le résultat de diverses configurations d’installation. Le modèle a été construit
en utilisant principalement la méthode multicorps, tandis que la méthode des
éléments finis était utilisée pour construire les parties latérales du dispositif de retenue
et la carrosserie du véhicule, ce qui a permis de décrire plus précisément le
contact de l’enfant avec le dispositif de retenue et la structure du véhicule. Le modèle
une fois réalisé a été évalué par comparaison de ses résultats à ceux obtenus au cours
d’essais expérimentaux en collision latérale, ainsi qu’en collision frontale. L’étude
en simulation des différentes variantes d’installation a permis de conclure qu’en cas
de collision latérale, les ancrages ISOFIX offrent la meilleure protection pour la tête
alors que les ancrages flexibles et les ceintures du véhicule donnaient des résultats
globalement comparables mais moins bons. Par ailleurs, l’exploitation du modèle a
aussi permis de constater que l’utilisation d’une sangle supérieure diminue la possibilité
de blessure quand le dispositif de retenue est installé à l’aide des ceintures du
véhicule ou des ancrages flexibles, mais n’a pratiquement aucune influence pour la
collision latérale quand le dispositif est installé par les ancrages ISOFIX. Le modèle développé a donc permis de constater l’avantage des ancrages ISOFIX sur les autres
types d’ancrage et de plus de mesurer l’effet d’une mauvaise installation, par exemple
l’effet d’un jeu introduit dans les harnais à cause de vêtements d’hiver.
Bank Capital, Securitization and Credit Risk: An Empirical Evidence
Authors: Dionne Georges , Harchaoui Tarek M.
Published: November 2023

This paper is one of the first attempts to conduct an empirical investigation of the relationship between bank capital, securitization and bank risk-taking in a context of the rapid growth in off-balance-sheet activities. The data come from the Canadian financial sector. Evidence from the 1988-1998 period indicates that: (a) securitization has a negative statistical link with both current Tier 1 and Total risk-based capital ratios, and (b) there exists a positive statistical link between securitization and bank risk-taking. Profit-risk measure is more sensitive than loss-risk measure to the variation in securitization activity. These results seem to agree, during the studied period, with models indicating that banks might be induced to shift to more risky assets under the current capital requirements for credit risk because the regulatory capital levels are considered too high.
Using Alchian Allen Theorem to Explore Seafood Trade Connectivity in Indonesia
Authors: Amin Chairullah , Daud Nahu , Hadi Aswir , Achmad Abdul Chalid , Husen Amran , Sulistianto Erwan , Kamil Ikhsan , Caraka Rezzy Eko
Published: November 2023

The study empirically explored the Alchian-Allen proposition by applying it to Indonesia’s interregional seafood trade network. Seafood distribution center connectivity was analyzed by combining degree, betweenness, and accessibility indices with the Alchian-Allen theorem. Data were obtained from the Quarantine authority of the Indonesian Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries. Our results showed that Surabaya, Jakarta, and Makassar are highest connectivity nodes in the seafood distribution network, as well as the market centers of seafood trade based on high reachability index values. This result supports the assumption of the Alchian-Allen theorem, stating that more high-quality seafood products are marketed outside their area of origin than on the local market.
General Assessment of the Impact of the War in Ukraine on the Shipping Industry Using Parametric Methods
Authors: Stanivuk Tatjana , Lalić Branko , Amižić Zvonimir
Published: November 2023

The ongoing Ukrainian war has introduced significant uncertainty and crisis into the global economy, particularly in financial and stock markets. This study is a part of a larger research project that aims to assess the impact of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine on shipping companies, given the direct influence of rising gas and oil prices on the valuation of freight transport service providers. Economic sanctions were imposed on Russia, leading to the destabilization of the global economy. Industries such as the global shipping and tourism sectors experienced significant declines in share value. Investors began reallocating their portfolios, seeking safer and less risky investments, such as gold stocks. The riskiness of a particular stock can be assessed by various methods, including volatility measurement. This paper focuses on calculating and presenting the volatility value of the shares of A. P. Moller-Maersk, the world's largest operator of container lines and vessels. Additionally, the STOXX50 index, i.e. the Euro Zone stock market index, representing the overall European market, is used for comparison. Another risk measure discussed in this paper is Value at Risk (VaR), a quantitative method used to predict potential cash losses over a certain time period. The parametric method of calculating VaR was used, which assumes the normal distribution of stock value fluctuations. VaR was calculated using historical stock price data of A. P. Moller-Maersk. Findings indicate significant volatility and high-risk environment in the financial markets. The calculated VaR of 27.66% for a 30-day period with the 95% confidence level reflects the substantial potential losses associated with investing in Maersk shares during the crisis, surpassing typical risk levels. In conclusion, the war in Ukraine has disrupted the maritime industry, which was already recovering from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The sanctions imposed on Russia and the war situation in Ukraine have created uncertainty and turbulence in financial markets, prompting investors to seek safer investment options. The study emphasizes the need for continued monitoring of the impact of the war on the global maritime industry. The devastating effects of the war on the sector have significant implications for the global economy, human well-being, and future research in the field.
Impact of Seaport Competition on Technical Efficiency: Simar–Wilson Analysis of European Container Ports
Authors: Kammoun Rabeb , Abdennadher Chokri
Published: November 2023

This paper examines the effects of environmental factors (port-city GDP, population size, connectivity to hinterland, draught level and distance from the closest port Hub) and competition on the efficiency of a number of North and South European seaports. For this purpose, a bootstrap data envelopment analysis truncated regression approach was applied to 35 container ports, in the 2004 - 2018 period. Research findings indicate that the connectivity of a port’s country and draught level have a positive impact on the efficiency of both Northern and Southern European seaports. In addition, our results revealed that the efficiency of Southern European seaports tends to increase with competition intensity, whereas that of Northern European seaports seems to decrease with intensified competition, due to investment discrepancies, necessary for attracting a wider range of customers.
On the question of the linguistic and cultural features of the Eastern Argumentative Model in Political Ecology
Authors: Barebina Natal'ya Sergeevna , Fan Zhiyong
Published: November 2023

The article discusses the issues of argumentation of the environmental agenda, which occupies a significant place in the modern linguistic society and is implemented in various discursive practices. The authors proceed from the fact that the environmental problem is a universal topic that is approved by all people. Therefore, the discussion of environmental problems has a great unifying force. The reaction of the audience to the discussion of environmental plans is always predictable, this topic is approved by all segments of the population. It can be said that the media and politicians always make the most of environmental issues. The combination of political speech and ecology, covered in the media, is a synergistic effect when the sum of the components is greater than a simple addition: 1+1+1→5. The synergy of politics and ecology is the object of this work, and the subject of the study are argumentative structures that provide this synergy. The article contains a review of works showing the specifics of logic and the philosophical tradition of China, which were the basis for specific models of reasoning that make up the Eastern model of argumentation. The purpose of the work is to analyze the argumentation in the speeches of Chinese politicians on the environmental topic and to monitor the implementation of the Eastern or Western model of argumentation. The main conclusions of the article are conclusions about the universality of the Western style of argumentation, which is implemented in arguments about environmental problems. The authors also point out the undesirability of leveling argumentation styles. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that these conclusions, being projected on the field of political ecology, allow us to conclude that the linguistic and cultural characteristics of each country affect the implementation of environmental policy. The authors' contribution to the research of the topic consists in a comparative analysis of the Eastern and Western styles of argumentation and in observing the implementation of one of them in ecological topos in Chinese.
The influence of the first productions of S. S. Prokofiev's opera "War and Peace" on the composition. Birth of new versions of the work. (To the history of the production of "War and Peace" on the stage of the Maly Opera House, 1946-1947).
Authors: Ivanova Nadezhda Sergeevna
Published: November 2023

The subject of the study is the peculiarities of the formation of the canonical two-evening edition of S. S. Prokofiev's opera "War and Peace" and the influence on this process of the authors of the first production of the composition at the Maly Opera House in 1946 - the musical and stage version of conductor S. A. Samosud, director B. A. Pokrovsky and artist V. V. Dmitriev. The main purpose of the work is to identify the key aspects of the impact of the theater and the production process on the appearance of the legendary opera epic S. S. Prokofiev. The methodology of work is based on the principle of historicism in the study of musical drama and the stage fabric of the performance, developed by the domestic theater school. A study of the first edition of the 1943 opera, a detailed analysis of the rehearsal and staging process for preparing the premiere performance at the Maly Opera House, preserved letters and memoirs, periodicals, as well as a number of archival materials reveal a significant role for the authors of the production - conductor S. A. Samosud and director B. A. Pokrovsky - in a revision of the composer's originally created composition, explain the work of S. S. Prokofiev in order to create additional musical and dramatic episodes, which later became the climax of the canonical version of the opera. The author examines the little-known facts of the history of the creation of the opera "War and Peace" by S. S. Prokofiev - the influence of the theater on the appearance of the work formed as a result of work on the production of 1946-1947.
How hibernation in frogs drives brain and reproductive evolution in opposite directions
Authors: Liao Wen Bo , Jiang Ying , Jin Long , Lüpold Stefan
Published: November 2023

Environmental seasonality can promote the evolution of larger brains through cognitive and behavioral flexibility but can also hamper it when temporary food shortage is buffered by stored energy. Multiple hypotheses linking brain evolution with resource acquisition and allocation have been proposed for warm-blooded organisms, but it remains unclear how these extend to cold-blooded taxa whose metabolism is tightly linked to ambient temperature. Here, we integrated these hypotheses across frogs and toads in the context of varying brumation (‘hibernation’) durations and their environmental correlates. We showed that protracted brumation covaried negatively with brain size but positively with reproductive investment, likely in response to brumation-dependent changes in the socio-ecological context and associated selection on different tissues. Our results provide novel insights into resource allocation strategies and possible constraints in trait diversification, which may have important implications for the adaptability of species under sustained environmental change.
Gender Perspectives in the Study of Estonian Society and Culture: Current State and Challenges
Authors:   University of Tartu, Estonia, Marling Raili , Annuk Eve ,   Estonian Literary Museum, Tartu, Estonia
Published: November 2023

Gender issues have become increasingly compelling for both scholars and the general public in Estonia in the past twenty years. This can, for example, be seen in the March 2022 issue of the Estonian cultural magazine Vikerkaar which published a lengthy overview of the history of Estonian feminism (Karro 2022). The overview attempts to show the length of this history and its continuity under different political regimes, refreshing older surveys published by Vera Poska-Grünthal (1936) and Helmi Mäelo (1957 in Sweden, reprinted in Estonia in 1999). Such surveys list notable women and significant milestones, but do not usually delve into the nuances of gender history or feminist thought like in-depth case studies. This more nuanced work has been done in the past seven years by the gender studies research group within the Centre of Excellence in Estonian Studies. The present article reviews the state of Estonian research, both within the research group and more broadly, and points out the main challenges that scholars face.
Paisaje cultural hidrosocial en la cuenca del río Petorca: Red de infraestructura multifuncional para un desarrollo local sostenible
Authors:   , Maldonado Díaz Florencia Isidora
Published: November 2023

Las localidades emplazadas a lo largo de la cuenca del río Petorca se han convertido en el símbolo de la crisis hídrica en Chile. En los últimos 60 años la cuenca pasó de ser un conjunto de asentamientos rurales de agricultura familiar campesina a ser uno de los sectores de mayor producción frutícola de exportación. La intersección de una mega sequía con una intensa explotación agroindustrial y las falencias a nivel de gestión y fiscalización del uso del agua son los principales factores de degradación ambiental en la zona, y sus consecuencias se manifiestan no solo en los ecosistemas, sino también en la calidad de vida e identidad de los pobladores de estas comunas. Las transformaciones que ha sufrido el paisaje cultural de la cuenca encuentran su origen en la relación de la sociedad con el agua. La consolidación de un agroecosistema durante el desarrollo del modelo de hacienda, pasando por los procesos de reforma y contrarreforma agraria, y posteriormente un proceso de modernización que dio paso a la agroindustria de exportación, demuestran la relevancia de manejo hídrico en la construcción del paisaje. Estas transformaciones desembocaron en la condición actual de la cuenca, en la que reconocemos un paisaje cultural Hidrosocial, el cual se compone por tres variables: los agentes de control del agua y sus tecnologías, la relación multidimensional que se establece entre el agua y sociedad, y el carácter del Paisaje de Petorca. El objetivo de la investigación es proponer una red de infraestructura multifuncional, compuesta por estrategias a nivel de cuenca y estrategias locales, articulando la restauración ecológica y la conservación del paisaje cultural Hidrosocial. Mediante la metodología de caracterización de paisajes culturales, el proyecto determina los sitios prioritarios de restauración ecológica en las localidades del río Petorca y a la vez presenta un proyecto demostrativo de intervención local en el cementerio de Chincolco.
El edificio adaptable como alternativa a la demolición y remodelación profunda. Comparación de huella de carbono entre edificaciones de hormigón y madera en Santiago según escenarios de cambio
Authors:   , Galilea Brown Cristián
Published: November 2023

Dado el contexto en que la industria de la construcción es responsable de gran parte de la crisis climática mundial, se hace primordial que la sostenibilidad pase a ser considerada desde todas las aristas del rubro. Es esta sostenibilidad la que muchas veces se ve amenazada debido a que como sociedad estamos sujetos a constantes cambios que hacen que nuestro habitar se desarrolle de manera dinámica y cambiante. Es así como la adaptabilidad del vivir de los humanos se convierte en una herramienta esencial y necesaria para nuestro desarrollo en el espacio de forma sostenible. Esto significa que nuestro entorno construido debe ser capaz de adaptarse a nuestros hábitos cambiantes, por lo cual es importante considerar entonces como nuestras construcciones responden a estos factores e influencias que hacen necesario realizar un cambio en ellos. De no ser así, la modificación de los edificios y sus partes puede llevar a grandes volúmenes de desechos y una elevada huella de carbono. Debido a lo anterior, esta tesis busca evidenciar las elevadas emisiones que significa la rigidez que los edificios presentan ante cambios de usos y exigencias internas o externas, además de demostrar la falta de integración de un diseño para la adaptabilidad en estos. Esta se lleva a cabo mediante la propuesta de distintos escenarios de cambio para edificios de mediana altura en hormigón y madera, con los cuales se calcula y compara su huella de carbono. Para el estudio se consideran como eventos de cambio: la demolición de un edificio, su remodelación profunda y una alternativa basada en su desarrollo desde un inicio con criterios de adaptabilidad. La elección de la madera en comparación con el hormigón resulta en una disminución de emisiones a lo largo de la vida útil del edificio, como también de manera más específica, al enfrentarse este ante un escenario de cambio. De manera similar la integración de parámetros de adaptabilidad en el diseño de un edificio de madera ayuda en la reducción de emisiones al enfrentarse este a una situación de cambio. Es así como los resultados no solamente orientan hacia la elección de la madera como material constructivo principal, sino que además demuestran la necesidad de considerar criterios de adaptabilidad para así evitar situaciones que podrían llevar a altos niveles de desechos y emisiones.
Stress and deformation resulting from magma emplacement in Cordilleran crust
Authors:   , Clunes Squella Matías
Published: November 2023

En regiones que han experimentado procesos relacionados con la formación de montañas, como en la Cordillera de Los Andes, los edificios volcánicos suelen emplazarse sobre una corteza compuesta por capas de roca deformadas e inclinadas cuyo origen es diverso, y, por lo tanto, son mecánicamente heterogéneas. Incluso los mismos edificios volcánicos están formados a menudo por capas de roca inclinadas a distintos ángulos, como las que se encuentran en estratovolcanes o calderas. Sobre esta base, las intrusiones magmáticas (diques, sills e intrusiones laminares inclinadas) y los reservorios de magma que constituyen las raíces de los volcanes activos, se emplazan y propagan a través de una corteza que dista mucho de ser homogénea o isótropa, hipótesis que ha sido ampliamente utilizada para el estudio de campos de esfuerzos volcánicos y de deformación de volcanes. El objetivo de esta tesis es determinar la influencia de las capas heterogéneas de roca de la corteza sobre el campo de esfuerzos y la deformación en superficie inducida por el emplazamiento y propagación del magma en la corteza cordillerana. Para alcanzar este objetivo, se combinaron observaciones de campo de intrusiones magmáticas en capas de roca de la corteza con simulaciones numéricas mediante el Método de los Elementos Finitos y modelamiento análogo utilizando gelatina como análogo de la corteza y agua como análogo del magma. Los resultados muestran que una corteza formada por capas de roca heterogéneas inclinadas puede alterar el campo de esfuerzos inducido por intrusiones magmáticas, lo que influye en la geometría final de la intrusión y en la ubicación de nuevos centros eruptivos. Estas características de la corteza también alteran la magnitud, hasta en 40 veces, y la forma, desplazando hasta 1.4 km los perfiles de deformación en superficie relacionados con los periodos de inyección de magma, respecto de los valores esperados para una corteza homogénea. Este trabajo resalta la necesidad de conocer con precisión la geología de los volcanes para mejorar nuestras interpretaciones durante periodos de actividad volcánica y mejorar los esfuerzos de monitoreo volcánico.
Efectividad de las intervenciones en dieta y actividad física en mujeres con malnutrición por exceso durante el período preconcepcional sobre los resultados en la progenie: Una revisión de alcance.
Authors:   , Izurieta Repenning Javiera Paz
Published: November 2023

La obesidad es una enfermedad crónica no transmisible que predispone al desarrollo de otras enfermedades. Padecer esta condición al momento de la gestación aumenta el riesgo de desarrollar estas enfermedades en la descendencia. La evidencia disponible indica que las intervenciones en el periodo pregestacional en mujeres en edad fértil, especialmente aquellas que presentan malnutrición por exceso, tienen una magnitud de efecto positivo sobre la descendencia. A través de una revisión de alcance se recopiló evidencia del efecto de las intervenciones en dieta y actividad física en el periodo pregestacional en mujeres en edad fértil, que busquen o no un embarazo, que presenten malnutrición por exceso sobre los resultados perinatales en la progenie. Se utilizaron las bases de datos Web of Science y PubMed. Como resultado de esta investigación se concluyó que las intervenciones en actividad física y dieta en el período preconcepcional tienen efectos positivos en el feto y su vida postnatal. Intervenciones en dieta, además ayudan a disminuir el riesgo del bajo peso al nacer, niños pequeños y grandes para la edad gestacional. Tomar acciones sobre el cuidado preconcepcional es clave para combatir desde el inicio del ciclo de vida el riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles.
Population Dynamics of Mustard Aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) on Cauliflower in Relation to Biotic and Abiotic Factors
Authors: Choudhary Sushila , Meena Ram Kishor , Jat B. L. , Hussain Akhter , Sharma Pooja
Published: November 2023

The field experiment was conducted at Horticulture Farm, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner during Rabi 2021/22 to know the population dynamics of mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach). The incidence of aphid started in the first week of December and second week of December remained active throughout the crop season during both years. The population of aphid gradually increased and reached to its peak  in the second week of February  and first week of February  in Rabi, 2021/22, respectively. The correlation studies indicated that the aphid population had non-significant correlation with temperature, relative humidity and sunshine hours in both the years. Both the predators, ladybird beetle and syrphid fly had significant positive relationship with aphid population during both the years.
A Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Based Evaluation of Effectiveness of Chloroquick, 7% Maleic Acid, and Conventional Multistep Irrigating Solutions with Passive Ultrasonics in Removal of Root Canal Smear Layer
Authors: Dedania Meetkumar S. , Mahajan Sankalp , Shah Nimisha , Rathore Vishnu Pratap Singh , Bhavsar Anuja
Published: November 2023

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the effectiveness of three different irrigation solutions, namely Chloroquick, maleic acid, and a multi-step irrigation solution when used in combination with ultrasonics for the removal of smear layers in endodontic procedures.

Materials and Methods: Sixty single-rooted teeth that had been freshly extracted were gathered, disinfected, and stored in distilled water. To ensure uniform root length, each tooth was coronally removed below the Cementoenamel Junction (CEJ). The working length was meticulously determined, and F3 Protaper rotary files were employed for the biomechanical preparation of the root canals. Subsequently, the teeth were randomly assigned to one of three groups for the irrigation process: Group A (Chloroquick), Group B (Maleic Acid 7%), and Group C (Multistep Irrigation approach). Following the preparation, longitudinal sections of the specimens were obtained and examined under a scanning electron microscope. The obtained results were then subjected to statistical analysis.

Results: Group A demonstrated superior performance in terms of smear layer and debris elimination within all root canal thirds. Statistically, there was no significant distinction between Group C and B, both of which proved equally effective.

Conclusion: Chloroquick emerged as a highly efficient alternative to maleic acid and the traditional multistep irrigants commonly employed in endodontic procedures. The incorporation of ultrasonic agitation as a complementary technique significantly enhanced the efficacy of all three irrigants.
Early and mid-term results of endovascular repair for type B aortic dissections: A single tertiary center experience
Authors:   Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, Yigit Gorkem , Deniz Gokay ,   Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Cardiovascular Surgery Clinic, Ankara, Türkiye, Hasanzade Sabir ,   Clinic of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye, Gevrek Murat ,   Ankara City Hospital, Clinic of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ankara, Türkiye, Celikten Ayla Ece ,   Hitit University Erol Olçok Education and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Çorum, Türkiye, Tumer Naim Boran ,   Ankara City Hospital, Clinic of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ankara, Türkiye, Özen Anıl ,   Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, Iscan Hakki Zafer ,   Ankara City Hospital, Clinic of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ankara, Türkiye
Published: November 2023

Aim: The utility of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) in Type B Aortic dissections (TBAD) continues to advance at a growing rate. The purpose of this research was to investigate our management strategy and early-mid-term outcomes of endovascular procedures for TBAD, in a single tertiary center. Material and Methods: Sixty-six eligible TBAD patients (2 hyperacute complicated, 12 acute complicated and 52 uncomplicated) were enrolled in this single-center, retrospective cohort study between January 2016 and January 2023. The endpoints of the study were technical success, early and late morbidity and mortality, reinterventions throughout the follow-up period, as well as late open conversion. Results: Technical success was achieved in all cases. Early mortality was seen in only 3 patients (4.5%). Only patients with one hyperacute and two acute complicated TBAD (cTBAD) had early death. There was one late mortality in an acute cTBAD patient, who developed retrograde type A dissection two months after TEVAR. The median follow-up period was 26.1±13.7 months. Six reinterventions were performed for extension of dissection or covering the entries distally (9.1%). No endoleak, graft infection or migration were observed. Open surgical repair was performed; however, the patient did not survive. Conclusion: Early results of TEVAR in elective TBAD is trouble-free. Carrying the patients to the subacute phase seems to be the most suitable timing for TEVAR. Anti-stimulus and anti-hypertensive treatment with surveillance programme is mandatory for this patient cohort. Pre-emptive TEVAR has satisfactory results; however, long-term results are mandatory for further recommendations.
Mid-term results of combined medical and popliteal artery endarterectomy treatment in Buerger's disease
Authors:   Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, İzmir, Türkiye, Kahraman Umit , Karaca Sedat ,   Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, İzmir, Türkiye, Islamoglu Karya ,   Ege University School of Medicine, 6th grade, İzmir, Türkiye, Yaprak Engin Aysen ,   Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, İzmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey, Islamoglu Fatih ,   Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Türkiye
Published: November 2023

Aim: Our aim in this article is to present the mid-term results of the best preoperative and postoperative medical treatment and analgesia treatment in patients with advanced Buerger's disease who underwent saphenous patchplasty and saphenous distal bypass after endarterectomy to the popliteal artery or trifurcation area. Material and Methods: Between 2015 and 2023, we operated on 83 patients, diagnosed with Buerger's disease, who were in the chronic stage of the disease, and whose advanced imaging was performed. Preoperative, postoperative, and 1st year control evaluations were determined according to Rutherford, Fontaine classification, and Ankle-Brachial Indexes. Medical treatments of the patients were organized by the vascular surgery team and algology department. After determining the surgical approach strategy according to the imaging of the patients, saphenous patchplasty and anatomical bypass were performed. Results: The mean preoperative ankle-brachial index was 0.305, the mean postoperative ankle-brachial index was 0.644, and the mean 1-year ankle-brachial index was 0.629 in 83 patients included in the study. Statistically significant improvements were observed in the Rutherford and Fontaine classifications. (p-value < 0,001) Amputation was performed in 9.6% of patients within 1 year. Conclusion: Good clinical results and limb salvage can be achieved with a combined medical and surgical treatment approach in advancedstage patients who do not respond despite optimal medical treatment. Provided that patients quit smoking, good determination of the target surgical site, Saphenous patchplasty, and Saphenous distal bypass applied after endarterectomy in suitable patients are supported with good medical and analgesia treatment, the results will improve further.
Rapid artificial ventricular pacing for thoracic endovascular aortic repair
Authors:   Ankara University, School of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center, Ankara, Türkiye, Saricaoglu Mehmet Cahit , Yazicioglu Levent ,   Ankara University School of Medicine, Heart Center, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ankara, Türkiye
Published: November 2023

Aim: Rapid artificial ventricular pacing (RAVP) is a reproducible method for rapid and reversible reduction of transvascular flow during endovascular procedures. This method has the potential to increase patient tolerance, reduce operation duration, infection risk, X-ray dose and facilitate early patient mobilisation. The aim of this study to compare the efficacy, safety and impact of RAVP and pharmacological-induced hypotension in patients who underwent thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) procedures for aortic dissection and aneurysm. Material and Methods: This retrospective, observational, case-control study was conducted between January 2014 and December 2022. The adult patients who underwent TEVAR procedures for aortic dissection and aneurysm were enrolled in this study. Mean arterial pressure, heart rate, total operation duration, incidence of endoleak, duration of intensive care unit-hospitalization stay, and hospital mortality ratio were compared between nitroglycerin induced hypotension group and RAVP group. Results: A total of 279 patients who underwent TEVAR procedures were included in this study. The mean age of patients in this cohort was 65.6±5.7 years and 158 (56.6%) of the patients were male. Of these 279 patients, hypotension during stent-graft was achieved with nitroglycerin in 155 patients. There were no statistical differences between these two groups in terms of age, gender, body mass index, comorbidities and drugs. The blood pressure lowering effect and the heart rate during the intervention was significantly higher in RAVP. Endoleak and hospital mortality rates were similar in each group. Conclusion: RAVP is a feasible and safe method because it paves the way for agile maneuvers to maintain optimal hemodynamic conditions. Besides this, more meticulous, accurate deployment of endograft can be established with RAVP.
Rising From Ruin—Revitalizing Native Hawaiian Health
Authors: Taparra Kekoa , Apana Nikki Kalani
Published: November 2023

This Viewpoint offers insight into the health effects of the recent fires in Hawaiʻi and what culturally conscious approaches are needed to ensure the health of Native Hawaiians going forward.
Neighborhood Deprivation and DNA Methylation and Expression of Cancer Genes in Breast Tumors
Authors: Jenkins Brittany D. , Rossi Emily , Pichardo Catherine , Wooten William , Pichardo Margaret , Tang Wei , Dorsey Tiffany H. , Ajao Anuoluwapo , Hutchison Ruby , Moubadder Leah , McCullough Lauren E. , Bailey-Whyte Maeve , Ambs Stefan
Published: November 2023

Importance

The biological processes that underlie the association of neighborhood environment with chronic diseases, such as cancer, remain poorly understood.

Objective

To determine whether differences in breast tissue DNA methylation are associated with neighborhood deprivation among Black and White women with breast cancer.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study collected breast tissue from women undergoing surgery for breast cancer between January 1, 1993, and December 31, 2003. Participants were recruited through the University of Maryland Medical Center, with additional collection sites at Baltimore-area hospitals. Data analysis was performed from March 1 through December 1, 2022.

Exposure

Year 2000 census tract–level socioeconomic deprivation measured via neighborhood deprivation index (NDI) as a standardized score, with Black and White race being ascertained through self-report.

Main Outcome and Measures

The primary outcome was tissue DNA methylation using genome-wide measurements. The secondary outcome was tissue gene expression.

Results

Participants included 185 women with breast cancer (110 Black [59.5%], 75 White [40.5%]). Mean (SD) age at surgery was 56.0 (14.1) years. Neighborhood deprivation was higher for Black women than for White women (Mean [SD] NDI, 2.96 [3.03] for Black women and −0.54 [1.91] for White women; difference, −3.50; 95% CI, −4.22 to −2.79; P < .001). In unstratified analysis, 8 hypomethylated CpG sites were identified as associated with the NDI, including sites in 2 tumor suppressor genes, LRIG1 and WWOX. Moreover, expression of the 2 genes inversely correlated with neighborhood deprivation. In the race-stratified analysis, the negative correlation between the LRIG1 gene body CpG site cg26131019 and the NDI remained significant in Black women. A neighborhood deprivation–associated decrease in gene expression was also observed for LRIG1 and WWOX in tumors from Black women.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study, high neighborhood deprivation was associated with differences in tissue DNA methylation and gene expression among Black women. These findings suggest that continued investment in public health interventions and policy changes at the neighborhood level may help to remedy biological alterations that could make minoritized populations more susceptible to chronic diseases.
Comparison of Methods to Assess Adolescent Gender Identity in the ABCD Study
Authors: Dube Sarahjane L. , Johns Michelle M. , Robin Leah , Hoffman Elizabeth , Potter Alexandra S.
Published: November 2023

This cross-sectional study assesses the reliability and validity of methods used to capture gender identity in Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study participants.
Euopisthobranchs: Circulatory System
Authors: Bartolomaeu Thomas , Malaquias Manuel A. E. , Lobo‐da‐Cunha Alexandre
Published: November 2023

In euopisthobranchs, the circulatory system can be described as semi‐open. Propelled by the heart, hemolymph runs via aortas and arteries into larger or smaller anastomosing sinuses that are often subsumed under the term hemocoel. Collecting sinuses transport the hemolymph via gill and kidney veins into the heart. The heart consists of an auricle and a ventricle. The auricular epicardial lining consists of flat myoepithelial cells and podocytes, whereas the ventricle is strongly muscularized by an epicardium consisting of muscle cells and myoepithelial cells. Among euopisthobranchs, the circulatory system was mainly investigated in the Aplysiidae. Hemocyanins that are not bound to cells transport oxygen and different blood cells float in the hemolymph, mainly serving in immune response. Via neuronally controlled aortic and arterial sphincter muscles, larger euopisthobranchs use their circulatory system as hydraulic system to support behavioral activities.
Predictors of mTICI 2c/3 over 2b in patients successfully recanalized with mechanical thrombectomy
Authors: Wang Richard , Huang Jing , Mohseni Alireza , Hoseinyazdi Meisam , Kotha Apoorva , Hamam Omar , Gudenkauf Julie , Heo Hye Young , Nabi Mehreen , Huang Judy , Gonzalez Fernando , Ansari Golnoosh , Radmard Mahla , Luna Licia , Caplan Justin , Xu Risheng , Yedavalli Vivek
Published: November 2023

Objective

For patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) caused by large vessel occlusions (LVO), mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is the treatment standard of care in eligible patients. Modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) grades of 2b, 2c, and 3 are all considered successful reperfusion; however, recent studies have shown achieving mTICI 2c/3 leads to better outcomes than mTICI 2b. This study aims to investigate whether any baseline preprocedural or periprocedural parameters are predictive of achieving mTICI 2c/3 in successfully recanalized LVO patients.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective multicenter cohort study of consecutive patients presenting with AIS caused by a LVO from 1 January 2017 to 1 January 2023. Baseline and procedural data were collected through chart review. Univariate and multivariate analysis were applied to determine significant predictors of mTICI 2c/3.

Results

A total of 216 patients were included in the study, with 159 (73.6%) achieving mTICI 2c/3 recanalization and 57 (26.4%) achieving mTICI 2b recanalization. We found that a higher groin puncture to first pass time (OR = 0.976, 95%CI: 0.960–0.992, p = 0.004), a higher first pass to recanalization time (OR = 0.985, 95%CI: 0.972–0.998, p = 0.029), a higher admission NIHSS (OR = 0.949, 95%CI: 0.904–0.995, p = 0.031), and a lower age (OR = 1.032, 95%CI: 1.01–1.055, p = 0.005) were associated with a decreased probability of achieving mTICI 2c/3.

Interpretation

A lower groin puncture to first pass time, a lower first pass to recanalization time, a lower admission NIHSS, and a higher age were independent predictors of mTICI 2c/3 recanalization.
Hardware Implementation of Network Connectivity Relationships Using 2D hBN‐Based Artificial Neuron and Synaptic Devices
Authors: Jo Yooyeon , Woo Dong Yeon , Noh Gichang , Park Eunpyo , Kim Min Jee , Sung Yong Woo , Lee Dae Kyu , Park Jongkil , Kim Jaewook , Jeong YeonJoo , Lee Suyoun , Kim Inho , Park Jong‐Keuk , Park Seongsik , Kwak Joon Young
Published: November 2023

Brain‐inspired neuromorphic computing has been developed as a potential candidate for solving the von Neumann bottleneck of traditional computing systems. 2D materials‐based memristors have been exponentially investigated as promising building blocks of neuromorphic computing because of their excellent electrical performance, simple structure, and small device scale. However, while many researchers have focused on looking into individual artificial neuromorphic devices based on memristors, only few studies on the integration of artificial neuron and synaptic devices have been reported. In this work, both volatile and nonvolatile memristors are fabricated by using a 2D hexagonal boron nitride film for artificial neuron and synaptic devices, respectively. The leaky‐integrate‐and‐fire neuron performance and synaptic functions (e.g., synaptic weight plasticity and spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity) are well emulated with the fabricated volatile and nonvolatile devices. The MNIST image classification is conducted based on the experimental data. For the first time, an artificial neuron‐synapse‐neuron neural network is physically constructed using the artificial neuron and synaptic devices to mimic the biological neural networks. The synaptic connection strength modulation is experimentally demonstrated between the neurons depending on the conductance state of the synapse, paving the way for the development of large‐scale neural network hardware.
Ultrathin Co0.5NiS Nanosheets for Hydrazine Oxidation Assisted Nitrite Reduction
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Hui , Yuan Rou , Yin Shi‐Bin , Hong Qing‐Ling , Zhai Quan‐Guo , Jiang Yu‐Cheng , Chen Yu , Li Shu‐Ni
Published: November 2023

Nitrite (NO2−) and hydrazine (N2H4) are common N‐pollutants in groundwater. The electrochemical method can realize the treatment of N‐pollutants and the synthesis of energy substance ammonia (NH3). Designing and synthesizing efficient electrocatalysts is of great significance. Herein, ultrathin Co0.5NiS nanosheets attached on nickel foam (Co0.5NiS‐NSs/NF) are synthesized via cyanogel‐NaBH4 hydrolysis process and succedent sulfurization approach. Owing to the ultrathin nanosheet structure and the interaction between Ni and Co, Co0.5NiS‐NSs/NF exhibits high activity for NO2− reduction reaction (NO2−RR), in which the Faraday efficiency is 92.2% and the NH3 yield is 0.25 mmol h−1 cm−2 at −0.15 V potential. Meanwhile, Co0.5NiS‐NSs/NF also displays remarkable activity for N2H4 oxidation reaction in KOH electrolyte. Therefore, a symmetrical Co0.5NiS‐NSs/NF||Co0.5NiS‐NSs/NF electrolyzer is assembled, which only needs the operating voltage of 0.36 V to reach 10 mA cm−2 for NO2−‐to‐NH3 conversion in the presence of N2H4. This work reports a promising and efficient strategy for NH3 production at a small operating voltage and treatment of the N‐pollutants.
Light‐Induced Adaptive Structural Evolution in Gallium Nitride Nanowire/Nickel Hydroxide Symbiotic System in Photoelectrochemical Environment
Authors: Kang Yang , Wang Danhao , Wang Anyang , Chen Wei , Liu Boyang , Fang Shi , Liu Xin , Li Liuan , Ge Binghui , Liu Zhenghui , Zuo Chengjie , Fu Lan , Guo Yuzheng , Liang Kang , Liu Sheng , Sun Haiding
Published: November 2023

The adaptability of living organisms to dynamically adjust their biological behavior in response to fluctuating surroundings is a prerequisite for their evolutionary success. However, artificially‐synthesized materials, especially semiconductors, have not been able to replicate such adaptability due to their inherent physical rigidity and lack of intrinsic structural responsiveness to external stimuli. Herein, an adaptive structural evolution in group‐III‐nitride semiconductors is demonstrated by constructing an AlGaN‐nanowire/Ni(OH)2 symbiotic‐system, resulting in self‐improved optoelectronic characteristics. The mutualistic interplay between AlGaN and Ni(OH)2 nanostructure leads to the adaptive evolution of crystalline‐facets of AlGaN‐nanowires, along with self‐optimization of Ni(OH)2 nanocrystals upon photon‐irradiation during its operation. Specifically, the nanowire‐surfaces dynamically evolve during Ni(OH)2 photo‐deposition, removing the (000) plane while exposing the (10), which facilitates carrier transport at AlGaN/Ni(OH)2 interface. Moreover, light‐induced electrons generated from AlGaN‐nanowires then partially reduce Ni2+ ions in the Ni(OH)2 nanostructure into Ni0 nanometals, which further boosts the proton reduction thermodynamics, generating an unusual self‐improving photocurrent from −59.6 to −101.6 µA cm−2. Such a “symbiotic system,” which is barely observed in conventional semiconductors, provides a promising avenue toward realizing smart adaptive semiconductors that are capable of dynamic structural evolution to fully unleash their potential for emerging optoelectronic and artificial‐photocatalysis applications.