bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica): Current Utilization and Future Threats as Cattle Forage in Raya-Azebo, Ethiopia
Authors: Abay Nigus Gebremedhn
Published: May 2018

The increased importance of cactus as livestock feed in arid and semiarid zone is due to its availability during critical dry months of the year. Availability of feeds for livestock is a major constraint to livestock production in drylands of Ethiopia, specifically Tigray region. This study was conducted in Maru dryland areas of Raya-Azebo, Tigray region of Ethiopia. The purpose of the study was to generate information on current and future utilization of cactus as cattle feed in minor and severe drought episodes. The study has employed multiple qualitative methods that include focus group discussion, key informant interview, field observation and review of relevant literature. The study result conveyed livestock feed shortage are caused by frequent drought, degradation of grazing land by increased number of animals and human population. Accordingly, in dry spells and drought times, mostly March to June the local farmers are highly depend on cactus as supplementary animal forage. Due to the increased frequency of drought and animal feed shortage draught oxen and lactating cow are primarily fed on cactus of other livestock types. The process of cactus preparation and cattle feeding is tough task because it takes enormous time and labor. Nevertheless of its role, the future use of Opuntia ficus-indica is threatened by farmland expansion, prevalence of cochineal insect, and increased number of camel. Therefore, for sustainable usage of Opuntia ficus-indica in the future further study on control of cochineal insect and promotion of cactus planting on degraded lands is recommended.
Too True to Be Good at the 1932 Malvern Festival
Authors: Ananisarab Soudabeh
Published: May 2018

The Malvern Festival was established in 1929 by the founder and then director of the Birmingham Repertory Theatre, Sir Barry Jackson. While the Festival began as an event solely dedicated to Shaw, Jackson's guiding philosophy of the Festival soon changed its direction in later seasons as Jackson sought to present a glorified sense of England's past to an audience of international visitors by means of an emphasis on lesser-known classics in English theater. This article explores the reception of Shaw's Too True to Be Good (1932) in this context to argue that Shaw's increasingly dystopian visions of England's future as depicted in his later plays clashed with Jackson's organization of the Festival and that Shaw's inclusion in the repertoire and presence in Malvern largely contributed to the Festival's failure in reconciling its images of the past and present.
Joined Together as One: The Animal Dances in Androcles and the Lion
Authors: Dorwick Keith
Published: May 2018

When directors begin work on a new production of Shaw's Androcles and the Lion, they must decide what exactly to make of the dances between Androcles and the lion in the Prologue and in Act II. These dances are not part of the well-known literary and visual adaptations of the Androcles legend; thus, they seem to be an innovation of Shaw's. Their likely source is the widely read Comic Almanack of 1846 that includes a poem and an image of Androcles and the lion dancing on facing pages. The Androcles legend in its well-known variants neatly fits into Shaw's beliefs concerning the need for human compassion toward animals as evidenced in his letters and other materials, but the Almanack's version is also an exploration of the idea of a real, if dangerous, unity that affirms the human as part of, not separate from, the animal kingdom.
John Wesley, Heterodoxy, and Dissent
Authors: Ditchfield G. M.
Published: May 2018

While John Wesley's opposition to Calvinism is well known, he also devoted much of his later life to counteracting what he regarded as serious threats to Christian orthodoxy, namely the denial of original sin and the rejection of the doctrine of the Trinity. As a result he became involved in controversy with several leading Protestant Dissenters, including John Taylor of Norwich and Joseph Priestley. This article examines the relationship, sometimes friendly but more frequently uneasy, between Wesley and his followers and the Dissenting denominations. When prominent ministers among those denominations promulgated heterodox teaching over original sin and the Trinity, Wesley responded with a degree of vehemence that emphasized and indeed widened the differences between Methodism and the older Dissent, and hence shaped the identity of Wesleyan Methodism in the early nineteenth century.
La política pública en investigación científica y tecnológica de la UNAH
Authors: Enriquez Lourdes , Corrales Rafael
Published: May 2018

La Política de investigación científica y tecnológica de la universidad es una herramienta fundamental para el desarrollo de la investigación en la institución, porque establece los lineamientos, las bases y las directrices sobre las cuales debemos desarrollar la investigación en la institución, y eso, desde toda perspectiva, fortalece a los investigadores, fortalece el proceso de investigación y las instancias de investigación.
Variación espacial y temporal de la diversidad y abundancia de cianobacterias del Lago de Yojoa (2014-2015)
Authors: Hernandez Oviedo Alba Isbela , Marin Mirna
Published: May 2018

El objetivo del estudio fue identificar y analizar las variaciones temporales y espaciales de la diversidad y abundancia de las cianobacterias en el lago de Yojoa entre mayo 2014 y marzo 2015. Se analizaron 184 muestras identificandose 9 familias y 48 especies de cianobacterias, dominando Microcystis aeruginosa, Aphanocapsa delicatissima y Oscillatoria limosa. El promedio de cel/ml de cianobacterias por muestreo disminuyeron progresivamente, el mayor 58,274 en muestreo1 y el menor 1,665 en muestreo 6.  Es posible que la floración algal haya ocurrido días antes del muestreo 1, ya que se observó una nata superficial color café verdoso correspondiente a Oscillatoria limosa y Lyngbya sp. en proceso de descomposición, muchos fitoflagelados y vorticelas entre las colonias de Microcystis; coincidiendo con valores altos de nitrógeno y ortofosfato de ese muestreo.La diversidad espacial y temporal fueron similares.  La dominancia temporal fue mayor que la espacial, dominando: Microcystis aeruginosa, Chrococcus limneticus, Chrococcus sp, Aphanocapsa delicatissima, Aphanocapsa mucicola, Aphanocapsa elachista, Lyngbya sp, Gleocapsa sp y Pseudoanabaena mucicola. Se recomienda un plan de monitoreo y manejo de floraciones de cianobacterias tóxicas.
Infancia callejera: aproximación crítica a sus investigaciones y perspectivas desde la teoría social
Authors: Roggenbuck Stefan
Published: May 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 49, 1996: 43-80
Marxismo analítico: ¿una alternativa a la crisis teórica del marxismo?
Authors: González Luis Armando
Published: May 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 49, 1996: 135-152
The Impact of Firm Financial Efficiency on Executive Compensation of United States Apparel Stores Industry: An Application of Panel Data Envelopment Analysis
Authors: Sahni Herman , Nsiah Christian
Published: May 2018

This study examines the effect of firm financial efficiency on executive compensation with an emphasis on the US apparel industry. We find that both annual efficiency levels and cumulative efficiency changes obtained from the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) are positively associated with CEO pay. The effect is stronger for technological changes and changes in scale efficiency. Our results seem to support the pay-for-efficiency paradigm, a stricter version of the pay-for-performance framework under the efficient contracting explanation for CEO pay.
Examining the Effect of Cultural Intelligence on the Internationalization of Swiss Small and Medium Enterprises
Authors: Fakhreldin Hadia
Published: May 2018

The study examines the relationship between cultural intelligence (CI) and the internationalization of Swiss Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). It also evaluates the role of internationalization motivators within that relationship. A self-administered survey was sent (by email) to the managers of 640 Swiss SMEs, identified from the Swiss SME database (Switzerland Global Enterprises-ge.com). The data analysis confirms that the internationalization process and the intention to internationalize depend to a large extent on the cultural intelligence of these managers. The analysis also identified access to information on foreign markets as the main motivator that affects this relationship. The study proposes solutions and recommendations to stakeholders and policy makers to enhance and support SME internationalization through developing specific individual and organizational aspects, mainly the cultural competencies of managers and more access to detailed information on foreign markets and their differing environments.
Drilling Strategy for Thick Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites (CFRP): A Preliminary Assessment
Authors: Ahmad Sobri Sharizal , Heinemann Robert , Whitehead David , Shuaib Norshah Afizi
Published: May 2018

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer or CFRP composites are the epitome of high-performance materials in lightweight design. However, their machinability can be problematic due to non-homogenous and anisotropic material properties. This preliminary assessment emphasizes drilling strategy by using mechanical drilling and laser machining on 25.4 mm thick CFRP, which has not been investigated so far. In mechanical drilling, three drilling strategies were applied with the same parameters in order to assess the feasibility of drilling thick CFRP. The laser machining experiments were conducted to identify the potential of fiber laser machines to cut thick CFRP due to their superior laser beam quality. The results showed that choosing the appropriate drilling strategy in mechanical drilling is essential for reducing damage when drilling thick CFRP. Significant damage occurred in all experiments. The results are useful to define the relationships between machining parameters related to mechanical/laser drilling and hole/cut quality.
Eksozomlar ve Kanserdeki Rolleri
Authors: BOZKURT Süreyya
Published: May 2018

Eksozomlar, vücutta bulunan hücrelerin neredeyse tamamı
tarafından salgılanan, 40-100 nanometre (nm) çapında ve çift fosfolipid tabaka
ile çevrili ekstrasellüler veziküllerdir. İçlerinde proteinler, lipitler, çok
çeşitli RNA molekülleri ve DNA fragmenleri gibi birçok biyomolekül taşırlar. Bu
biyomoleküller vasıtasıyla, alıcı hücrelerde gen ifadelerini düzenleyerek,
immün regülasyon, hücre farklılaşması, hücreler arası haberleşme, hücre göçü
gibi birçok biyolojik fonksiyonda rol alırlar. Tümör kökenli eksozomlar ise
içlerinde taşıdıkları biyomoleküller vasıtasıyla kanserin gelişimi ve
yayılımına yardım etmek için lokal ve sistemik çevreyi düzenlerler. Eksozom
içeriklerinin kanserin tanısında ve hastalık seyrinin izlenmesinde biyobelirteç
olarak kullanım potansiyellerini araştıran çalışmalar hızla artmaktadır. Ayrıca
son yıllarda kanser tedavisinde eksozomların hedeflendiği ya da kullanıldığı
yaklaşımlar da bulunmaktadır. Bu derlemenin amacı eksozomların yapısının,
kanser gelişimindeki ve metastazdaki rollerinin ve kanser tedavisindeki
kullanım potansiyellerinin ortaya konmasıdır.
Teaching Philosophy through a Role-Immersion Game
Authors: Joyce Kathryn E. , Lamey Andy , Martin Noel ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2018

A growing body of research suggests that students achieve learning outcomes at higher rates when instructors use active-learning methods rather than standard modes of instruction. To investigate how one such method might be used to teach philosophy, we observed two classes that employed Reacting to the Past (hereafter, Reacting), an educational role-immersion game. We chose to investigate Reacting because role-immersion games are considered a particularly effective active-learning strategy. Professors who have used Reacting to teach history, interdisciplinary humanities, and political theory agree that it engages students and teaches general skills like collaboration and communication. We investigated whether it can be effective for teaching philosophical content and skills like analyzing, evaluating, crafting, and communicating arguments in addition to bringing the more general benefits of active learning to philosophy classrooms. Overall, we find Reacting to be a useful tool for achieving these ends. While we do not argue that Reacting is uniquely useful for teaching philosophy, we conclude that it is worthy of consideration by philosophers interested in creative active-learning strategies, especially given that it offers a prepackaged set of flexible, user-friendly tools for motivating and engaging students.
Economic expenditure in low-cost fitness centers: Differences according to the loyalty and characteristics of the client
Authors: García Fernández J. , Gálvez Ruíz P. , Bernal García A. , Vélez Colón L.
Published: May 2018

Debido al incremento en el número de instalaciones y clientes, los centros de fitness están siendo examinados para comprender el comportamiento del consumidor que asiste a estas organizaciones deportivas. Por ello, el objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar si existían diferencias de gasto económico en base al perfil y a la fidelidad de clientes en centros de fitness low-cost. La muestra se compuso de 8462 clientes de los que el 50.9% (n=4303) fueron mujeresy el 49.1% (n=4159) hombres. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y de la varianza para dar respuesta al objetivo. Los principales resultados indican que existen diferencias significativas en cuanto al gasto económico según el género, la edad, la permanencia en la organización y las intenciones de comportamiento medidas con el Net Promoter Score. Estos hallazgos son de especial relevancia ya que favorecen el conocimiento detallado de los clientes, y de cuáles son las variables que se deberían gestionar adecuadamente para aumentar el gasto.
Impacto económico del XXI Campeonato de España “Open” de Invierno Master de Natación de Pontevedra 2015
Authors: Sánchez Fernández P. , Salgado Barandela J. , Rodríguez Rodríguez A. , Barajas Alonso A.
Published: May 2018

El presente artículo surge con el objetivo de analizar los efectos de la celebración de un evento deportivo en una localidad. En concreto, se presta atención al impacto económico de la celebración en el municipio de Pontevedra del XXI Campeonato de España “Open” de Invierno de Natación Master de Natación en febrero de 2015. Paralelamente se analiza el perfil de los asistentes a dicho evento desde un punto de vista del perfil de “turista deportivo” a partir de la realización de una encuesta específica para el evento.  
La construction de la parole du personnage dans le texte en cours de production
Authors: Lira Lidiane , Calil Eduardo
Published: May 2018

Cet article décrit les cas de discours rapporté (DR) pendant la production de contes étiologiques inventés par une dyade d’élèves (sept ans). Nous mettrons en évidence les types de DR pour un ensemble de dix manuscrits et nous illustrerons la genèse du DR d’un processus d’écriture, depuis sa formulation initiale jusqu’à sa textualisation. Dans le cadre théorique de la génétique textuelle et de la linguistique d’énonciation, nous verrons le contexte de la rédaction pendant sa construction, en observant le rôle de chacun des élèves. Nous soulignerons que le nombre plus important de DR, 113 à l’oral pour 29 à l’écrit, semble être lié à la complexité des formes graphiques et énonciatives du DR à l’écrit, étant donné la perte de leurs possibilités d’énonciation.
Rôle des habiletés visuospatiales dans l’apprentissage de la lecture : cas du syndrome de Williams
Authors: Pezzino Anne-Sophie , Marec-Breton Nathalie , Lacroix Agnès
Published: May 2018

Les travaux sur la lecture dans le syndrome de Williams (SW) suggèrent une installation difficile des automatismes. La littérature indique des difficultés phonologiques, mnésiques et, plus récemment, du traitement visuospatial. Nous cherchons à déterminer le rôle du traitement visuospatial dans la mise en place de la lecture chez les personnes SW. Quatorze individus SW ont été confrontés à des épreuves standardisées mesurant le niveau de lecture, les habiletés phonologiques, mnésiques et visuospatiales. Les résultats indiquent une implication des habiletés visuospatiales dans l’acquisition de la lecture chez les personnes SW appariées aux contrôles de même âge de lecture. Ces résultats seront discutés dans une visée de prise en charge et de remédiation des difficultés d’installation de la lecture.
Les réseaux de coauteurs : 40 ans de collaborations à la revue Criminologie
Authors: Décary-Hétu1 David , Vidal Sabrina
Published: May 2018

La recherche scientifique cherche la plupart du temps à comprendre la nature mais se tourne aussi à l’occasion vers elle-même pour mieux comprendre la genèse des connaissances scientifiques. Cette quête s’est traduite par une littérature importante portant sur les réseaux de collaborations entre auteurs pour produire des textes scientifiques. L’objectif général de cette branche de recherche est d’expliquer la structure des collaborations et de déterminer les corollaires de la performance dans le monde universitaire. Cet article vise à combler un manque de connaissance sur les réseaux de collaboration francophones en étudiant 40 ans de collaborations entre auteurs de la revue Criminologie. La méthodologie adopte une approche égocentrique et sociométrique et caractérise les liens entre les coauteurs de la revue. Nos résultats démontrent une augmentation des collaborations dans le temps, mais sans nécessairement la création d’une seule et unique communauté d’auteurs qui contrôlerait la diffusion des connaissances dans la revue. Les acteurs clés sont présentés mais ne montrent aucune stabilité dans le temps.
Cinquante années d’étude du crime dans la revue Criminologie
Authors: Boivin1 Rémi
Published: May 2018

Le crime est l’unité d’analyse de base des approches classique et néoclassique en criminologie. Cet intérêt pour l’acte délictueux a été mis de côté pendant une bonne partie de l’histoire de la criminologie, mais a été remis de l’avant avec la publication, en 1968, d’un texte marquant de Gary S. Becker. Le présent article vise à décrire la place du crime parmi les contributions publiées par la revue Criminologie depuis sa fondation, la même année. Après un bref rappel des grands principes de l’approche néoclassique, il est démontré que le crime a occupé une place marginale dans la revue ; les onze articles ayant spécifiquement analysé une forme de crime sont ensuite décrits de façon à déterminer les points communs entre les articles. L’article se conclut avec quelques remarques et observations sur l’avenir de la recherche sur le phénomène criminel diffusée par la revue Criminologie.
Un demi-siècle d’intervention en criminologie. Approche critique et enjeux actuels autour de la création de l’Ordre professionnel des criminologues du Québec
Authors: Quirion1 Bastien
Published: May 2018

En s’inspirant de l’analyse des articles de la revue qui ont traité de la question de l’intervention en criminologie et du contexte de la création récente d’un ordre professionnel des criminologues au Québec, cet article propose une réflexion approfondie autour de l’apport de la criminologie critique à une intervention qui soit à la fois humaniste et réflexive. L’objectif de cet article est triple. Dans un premier temps, présenter les résultats d’une analyse des articles de la revue Criminologie qui ont abordé la question de l’intervention au cours des cinquante dernières années. Dans un deuxième temps, proposer une définition de la criminologie critique et montrer comment cette approche peut contribuer de façon significative à l’élaboration de pratiques d’intervention qui puissent représenter une avenue féconde pour aider les personnes prises en charge par les institutions pénales. Et troisièmement, exposer de quelle façon l’ordre professionnel pourrait défendre cette idée d’une intervention criminologique dont la portée serait résolument critique.
Comment (la) Criminologie s’est approprié la police et la sécurité : émergence et diversification thématique
Authors: Fortin1 Francis , Bérubé Maxime , Dupont Benoit
Published: May 2018

La littérature scientifique sur la police et la sécurité a beaucoup évolué au cours des dernières décennies, et les articles et numéros spéciaux de la revue Criminologie offrent un important portrait de ce phénomène. Quatre grandes familles d’études ont traversé les 50 dernières années de cette revue alors que se chevauchent des études sur les fondements d’une criminologie critique de la police, son évaluation quantitative, les transformations du marché de la sécurité et le développement d’un policing plus diversifié et internationalisé. Dans cet article, nous analysons quantitativement et qualitativement le contenu des articles afin de mettre en lumière les principales influences et retombées associées à ces quatre aspects. Cette revue de la littérature permet de circonscrire ces différents champs d’études et de les remettre en contexte avec d’importants événements ayant influencé l’évolution de la police comme acteurs de contrôle social dans nos sociétés.
Prison : l’inamovible objet
Authors: Fenchel1 François
Published: May 2018

À l’occasion du cinquantième anniversaire de la revue Criminologie, le présent texte présente une rétrospective des articles consacrés à la prison, ayant comme objectif de souligner la contribution des auteurs au développement de la recherche sur les institutions carcérales. En utilisant les publications de la revue pour seules références, l’article propose un choix de différentes thématiques afin d’illustrer les tendances qui se dégagent de ce corpus. Sont ainsi présentés des textes portant sur les origines de la prison et ses incarnations au Québec et au Canada, la volonté de transformer le régime carcéral par la reconnaissance des droits des détenus, la reconstruction de la personne carcérale sous le prisme du risque, ainsi que la situation particulière des femmes incarcérées.
Face-enhancing compliments in informal conversations in Valencian Spanish
Authors: Barros García María Jesús
Published: May 2018

This article presents the results of an analysis conducted on politeness in informal conversations in Peninsular Spanish; more specifically, on the use of compliments in casual Valencian Spanish with face-enhancing effects. Face-enhancing compliments typically have the primary function of constituting and reinforcing the face of the addressee. The compliments that were analyzed consisted of positive comments about the complimentees’ belongings, people related to them, their actions, and their qualities. Most of these face-enhancing compliments were exchanged in situations defined by a high degree of communicative immediacy (Koch & Oesterreicher 1985) and conventionality. The settings where these compliments were produced, plus their discursive, structural and formal features, illustrate their formulaic nature. Among the most important of these features is the fact that there is a predominance of face-enhancing compliments (1) formulated as declarative, copulative and exclamatory sentences; (2) containing a short repertoire of adjectives with a positive meaning; (3) modified by intensifiers that help to reinforce and guarantee the face-enhancing effect of the speech act; (4) consisting of isolated utterances; (5) occupying a second turn position in adjacency pairs; and (6) that were rarely responded to with direct acceptances by their addressees.
Larval exposure to the neonicotinoid imidacloprid impacts adult size in the farmland butterfly Pieris brassicae
Authors: Whitehorn Penelope R. , Norville George , Gilburn Andre , Goulson Dave
Published: May 2018

Populations of farmland butterflies have been suffering from substantial population declines in recent decades. These declines have been correlated with neonicotinoid usage both in Europe and North America but experimental evidence linking these correlations is lacking. The potential for non-target butterflies to be exposed to trace levels of neonicotinoids is high, due to the widespread contamination of agricultural soils and wild plants in field margins. Here we provide experimental evidence that field realistic, sub-lethal exposure to the neonicotinoid imidacloprid negatively impacts the development of the common farmland butterfly Pieris brassicae. Cabbage plants were watered with either 0, 1, 10, 100 or 200 parts per billion imidacloprid, to represent field margin plants growing in contaminated agricultural soils and these were fed to P. brassicae larvae. The approximate digestibility (AD) of the cabbage as well as behavioural responses by the larvae to simulated predator attacks were measured but neither were affected by neonicotinoid treatment. However, the duration of pupation and the size of the adult butterflies were both significantly reduced in the exposed butterflies compared to the controls, suggesting that adult fitness is compromised through exposure to this neonicotinoid.
Fitness consequences of fish circadian behavioural variation in exploited marine environments
Authors: Martorell-Barceló Martina , Campos-Candela Andrea , Alós Josep
Published: May 2018

The selective properties of fishing that influence behavioural traits have recently gained interest. Recent acoustic tracking experiments have revealed between-individual differences in the circadian behavioural traits of marine free-living fish; these differences are consistent across time and ecological contexts and generate different chronotypes. Here, we hypothesised that the directional selection resulting from fishing influences the wild circadian behavioural variation and affects differently to individuals in the same population differing in certain traits such as awakening time or rest onset time. We developed a spatially explicit social-ecological individual-based model (IBM) to test this hypothesis. The parametrisation of our IBM was fully based on empirical data; which represent a fishery formed by patchily distributed diurnal resident fish that are exploited by a fleet of mobile boats (mostly bottom fisheries). We ran our IBM with and without the observed circadian behavioural variation and estimated selection gradients as a quantitative measure of trait change. Our simulations revealed significant and strong selection gradients against early-riser chronotypes when compared with other behavioural and life-history traits. Significant selection gradients were consistent across a wide range of fishing effort scenarios. Our theoretical findings enhance our understanding of the selective properties of fishing by bridging the gaps among three traditionally separated fields: fisheries science, behavioural ecology and chronobiology. We derive some general predictions from our theoretical findings and outline a list of empirical research needs that are required to further understand the causes and consequences of circadian behavioural variation in marine fish.
Digestibilidade total, ileal e cecal e variação pós-prandial da glicemia em ratos alimentados com amido gelatinizado de mandioca.
Authors: Silveira Gabriela Bicca da , Silva Alexandre Campos da , Socorro Eliomar Pereira do , Paule Bruno Jean Adrien
Published: May 2018

A digestibilidade total, ileal e cecal, a porcentagem de digesta chegando ao íleo e o valor de suas correlações com a glicose sangüínea são importantes informações para a estimativa do valor nutricional do amido e do regime alimentar do qual ele participa. Com o objetivo de determinar a digestibilidade total, ileal e cecal de um alimento e de seu amido, a porcentagem de digesta chegando ao íleo e a correlação entre esta e as variações da glicemia pós-prandial em ratos, nos mesmos intervalos de tempo, realizou-se um trabalho piloto com dez ratos Wistar alimentados com dieta composta de uma base protéica adicionada de amido gelatinizado de mandioca. Os resultados de digestibilidade total, ileal e cecal e a porcentagem de digesta chegando ao íleo foram obtidos pela análise das fezes e do conteúdo ileal e cecal com auxílio do Cr2O3. Nos mesmos intervalos de tempo (0, 30, 60, 90 e 120 minutos pós-prandiais), o sangue foi coletado e a dosagem de glicose foi obtida através de kit enzimático. Os resultados indicam uma alta correlação entre a porcentagem de digesta chegando ao íleo e a glicemia, bem como um alto valor de digestibilidade do amido gelatinizado de mandioca, condizendo com resultados de outros estudos de digestibilidade realizados com amidos gelatinizados.
Células-tronco: uma breve revisão
Authors: Souza Verônica Ferreira de , Lima Leonardo Muniz Carvalho , Reis Sílvia Regina de Almeida , Ramalho Luciana Maria Pedreira , Santos Jean Nunes
Published: May 2018

As células-tronco são células indiferenciadas ou com baixo grau de diferenciação, encontradas em tecidos embrionário e extra-embrionário. Podem permanecer em estado quiescente até a fase adulta, através da auto-replicação, ou diferenciar-se em diversos tecidos, a partir da expressão de determinados genes, e exercer funções específicas. Muitos estudos vêm sendo direcionados para a utilização dessas células na terapia de várias doenças, e os resultados obtidos até então são bastante promissores, o que faz muitos autores acreditarem que as células-tronco representam a terapia do futuro, podendo significar a cura de determinadas doenças, tais como diabetes, cardiopatias, câncer e mal de Alzheimer.
Caracterização de pectinases de Acrophialophora nainiana e Trichoderma harzianum linhagem T6
Authors: Celestino Sonia Maria Costa , Ferreira Filho Edivaldo Ximenes
Published: May 2018

Duas preparações de pectinases foram isoladas de culturas em estado líquido de Acrophialophora nainiana e Trichoderma harzianum linhagem T6, contendo pectina como a fonte de carbono. As atividades de pectina liase e pectina metilesterase foram somente detectadas nas preparações enzimáticas de A. nainiana. A exo-polymethylgalacturonase de A. nainiana foi mais ativa a pH 7,0 e 60oC, enquanto que a atividade ótima da exo-polymethylgalacturonase de T. harzianum linhagem T6 foi obtida a pH 4,3 e 40oC. As suas estabilidades a 40, 50 e 65oC diferiram, sendo que a atividade de exo-polymethylgalacturonase de A. nainiana apresentou maior estabilidade. Ambas preparações enzimáticas mostraram boa estabilidade em pH ácido. Os extratos brutos foram parcialmente parcialmente purificados por ultrafiltração e cromatografia de filtração em gel em coluna de Sephacryl S-100. Estudos de parâmetros cinéticos mostraram que os valores de Km mais baixos foram obtidos com exo-polimetilgalacturonase de T. harzianum linhagem T6. O tratamento de sucos de frutas com amostras de pectinase de A. nainiana e T. harzianum linhagem T6 resultou em um decréscimo na viscosidade. A pectinase de T. harzianum linhagem T6 parece ser mais eficiente na redução da turbidez de suco de maça. Somente a pectinase de T. harzianum linhagem T6 foi capaz de extrair suco da banana.
Prevalência e severidade das alterações oclusais em escolares de 12 a 15 anos de Salvador - BA, 2004
Authors: Lopes Laíra Sá , Cangussu Maria Cristina Teixeira
Published: May 2018

Apesar de haver uma evidente percepção do crescimento da demanda por tratamento ortodôntico na sociedade contemporânea, poucos ainda são os dados epidemiológicos sobre esse problema de saúde. Este trabalho buscou determinar a prevalência e a severidade de alterações oclusais em escolares de 12 a 15 anos de Salvador - Bahia, através de um levantamento epidemiológico de base populacional, utilizando-se como indicadores a classificação de Angle, o Índice de Estética Dentária (IED) e o registro dos desvios morfológicos dentários e faciais. Foram examinados por seis examinadores previamente calibrados 2100 escolares na faixa etária de 12 a 15 anos, selecionados através de uma amostra aleatória, representativa para o município de Salvador nessa faixa etária. Dentre os adolescentes, 899 eram do sexo masculino, 1211 do sexo feminino, e a etnia predominante foi a parda (70,76%). A média do IED neste estudo foi de 26, 06, com um desvio padrão de 7,67. Segundo as categorias de necessidade de tratamento, foram encontrados os seguintes valores: nenhum ou pouco, 54,31%; tratamento eletivo, 23,22%; tratamento altamente desejável, 11,33%; e tratamento mandatório, 11,14%. De acordo com a classificação de Angle, a maloclusão mais encontrada foi a Classe I (39,67%), seguida das Classes III e II (23,55% e 19,00%) respectivamente. Além disso, os desvios morfológicos clínicos de maior ocorrência nessa população foram o desvio de linha média e a sobremordida.
Timpanismo e empiema de bolsa gutural conseqüente a garrotilho
Authors: Borges Morgana Cardoso B. , Tinoco Antonio A.C. , Graça Filho Ulisses De C. , Leandro Eider E.S. , Lopes André Ricardo G de O. , Coutinho Daniel P. , Lopes Marco Aurélio Ferreira , Cerqueira Robson B.
Published: May 2018

Garrotilho é uma doença infecto-contagiosa do trato respiratório superior dos eqüídeos, freqüente e importante, que causa pirexia, descarga nasal e abscedação dos linfonodos adjacentes. Acomete basicamente equídeos jovens, e é causada pelo Streptococcus equi â-hemolítico. Ocasionalmente, o garrotilho pode deixar seqüelas como sinusites, empiema das bolsas guturais e formação de abcessos à distância, principalmente no mesentério. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o timpanismo e empiema de bolsa gutural, clínico e cirúrgico, conseqüente a garrrotilho, ocorrido num eqüino jovem.
Aspectos biológicos no processo de reparo mediante tratamento expectante
Authors: Silva Marcelo Filadelfo , Carvalho Lívia Reis , Mandarino Fernando , Centola André Luiz Barrachini
Published: May 2018

A busca pela preservação da vitalidade pulpar, através da realização de procedimentos mais conservadores, representa um importante campo de estudo na odontologia. O tratamento expectante representa um procedimento restaurador, baseado em conhecimentos biológicos sobre o processo de progressão da lesão de cárie, através do estudo da natureza e características das respostas dos tecidos dentários a esse processo destrutivo. Trata-se de uma forma de terapia que é prática e segura e que pode ser indicada na odontologia restauradora moderna. A proposta deste estudo é realizar uma sucinta revisão de literatura sobre aspectos biológicos do complexo dentina-polpa, envolvidos no processo de reparo do dente submetido ao tratamento expectante.
Osteoma Dérmico – Relato de Caso
Authors: Cancino Claudia Marcela , Machado Rosilene Andrea , Silveira Roger Lanes , Borges Hedelson Odenir Iecher , Oliveira Marília Gerhardt de
Published: May 2018

O osteoma é uma lesão osteogênica benígna que pode ser contituída por osso compacto ou esponjoso. A etiologia parece ser desconhecida, muito embora diversos autores tenham sugerido determinadas origens para justificar sua elucidação, entre as quais: congênita, infecciosa e traumática. Esta lesão apresenta crescimento lento, podendo ser encontrada, normalmente, na região crâniofacial, podendo ocorrer, raramente, em outros ossos. O diagnóstico é feito acidentalmente, uma vez que esta lesão não é acompanhada de alguma queixa de dor. O presente estudo se refere à ocorrência desta patologia em região dérmica, achado que não foi relatado até então na literatura científica. Um homem com 31 anos de idade, procurou o Serviço Bucomaxilofacial queixando-se de edema indolor na face. A combinação entre os achados clínicos e radiográficos fundamentou o diagnóstico de osteoma em região zigomática.
Dentes supranumerários dismórficos - relato de caso clínico
Authors: Klippel Rafael , Weingartner Eduardo , Ciparandi Maria Teresa Ortiz , Silva Taís Somacal Novaes , Hernandez Pedro Antonio Gonzalez , Silva Júnior Aurelício Novaes
Published: May 2018

A existência de dente supranumerário, ou hiperdontia, traduz um excesso no número de dentes, que pode ocorrer em ambas às dentições. Sua presença pode ocasionar a formação de cistos dentígeros, reabsorção de dentes adjacentes, ou ainda ser erroneamente diagnosticada como odontoma do tipo composto. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever um caso clínico em que dentes supranumerários dismórficos estão presentes na região de pré-molares, maxilar direito, assim como o seu diagnóstico e conduta frente ao caso.
Editorial
Authors: Moraes Flavio Fava de
Published: May 2018

Editorial
Evidence for Chemicals Intermingling at Silicon/Titanium Oxide (TiOx) Interface and Existence of Multiple Bonding States in Monolithic TiOx
Authors: Dwivedi Neeraj , Yeo Reuben J. , Tan Hui R. , Stangl Rolf , Aberle Armin G. , Bhatia Charanjit S. , Danner Aaron , Liao Baochen
Published: May 2018

Metal oxides (MOs) are used in photovoltaics and microelectronics as surface passivating layers and gate dielectrics, respectively. The effectiveness of MOs predominantly depends on their structure and the nature of the semiconductor/MO (S/MO) interface. While some efforts are made to analyze interface behavior of a few MOs, greater fundamental understanding on the interface and structural behaviors of emerging MOs is yet to be established for enhanced scientific and technological developments. Here, the structure of atomic layer deposited titanium oxide (TiOx) and the nature of the c‐Si/TiOx interface on the atomic‐ to nanoscale are probed. A new breed of mixed oxide (SiOx+TiOx) interfacial layer with a thickness of ≈1.3 nm at the c‐Si/TiOx interface is discovered, and its thickness further increases to ≈1.5 nm after postdeposition annealing. It is observed that both as‐deposited and annealed monolithic TiOx films comprise multiple bonding states at varying film thickness, with an oxygen‐deficient TiOx layer located close to the mixed oxide/TiOx interface. The stoichiometry of this layer improves when reaching the middle and near surface regions of the TiOx layer, respectively. This work uncovers several critical structural and interface aspects of TiOx, and thus creates opportunities to control and design improved photovoltaic and electronic devices for future development.
Biomimetic Supramolecular Fibers Exhibit Water‐Induced Supercontraction
Authors: Wu Yuchao , Shah Darshil U. , Wang Baoyuan , Liu Ji , Ren Xiaohe , Ramage Michael H. , Scherman Oren A.
Published: May 2018

Spider silk is a fascinating material, combining high strength and elasticity that outperforms most synthetic fibers. Another intriguing feature of spider silk is its ability to “supercontract,” shrinking up to 50% when exposed to water. This is likely on account of the entropy‐driven recoiling of secondary structured proteins when water penetrates the spider silk. In contrast, humidity‐driven contraction in synthetic fibers is difficult to achieve. Here, inspired by the spider silk model, a supercontractile fiber (SCF), which contracts up to 50% of its original length at high humidity, comparable to spider silk, is reported. The fiber exhibits up to 300% uptake of water by volume, confirmed via environmental scanning electron microscopy. Interestingly, the SCF exhibits tunable mechanical properties by varying humidity, which is reflected by the prolonged failure strain and the reversible damping capacity. This smart supramolecular fiber material provides a new opportunity of fabricating biomimetic muscle for diverse applications.
Virion‐Like Membrane‐Breaking Nanoparticles with Tumor‐Activated Cell‐and‐Tissue Dual‐Penetration Conquer Impermeable Cancer
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Xu Xianghui , Li Yachao , Hu Cheng , Zhang Zhijun , Gu Zhongwei
Published: May 2018

Poor drug penetration into tumor cells and tissues is a worldwide difficulty in cancer therapy. A strategy is developed for virion‐like membrane‐breaking nanoparticles (MBNs) to smoothly accomplish tumor‐activated cell‐and‐tissue dual‐penetration for surmounting impermeable drug‐resistant cancer. Tailor‐made dendritic arginine‐rich peptide prodrugs are designed to mimic viral protein transduction domains and globular protein architectures. Attractively, these protein mimics self‐assemble into virion‐like nanoparticles in aqueous solution, having highly ordered secondary structure. Tumor‐specific acidity conditions would activate the membrane‐breaking ability of these virion‐like nanoparticles to perforate artificial and natural membrane systems. As expected, MBNs achieve highly efficient drug penetration into drug‐resistant human ovarian (SKOV3/R) cancer cells. Most importantly, the well‐organized MBNs can pass through endothelial/tumor cells and spread from one cell to another one. Intravenous injection of MBNs into nude mice bearing impermeable SKOV3/R tumors suggests that the MBNs can recognize the tumor tissue after prolonged blood circulation, evoke the membrane‐breaking function for robust transvascular extravasation, and penetrate into the deep tumor tissue. This work provides the first demonstration of sophisticated molecular and supramolecular engineering of virion‐like MBNs to realize the long‐awaited cell‐and‐tissue dual‐penetration, contributing to the development of a brand‐new avenue for dealing with incurable cancers.
Nitrogen‐Doped CoP Electrocatalysts for Coupled Hydrogen Evolution and Sulfur Generation with Low Energy Consumption
Authors: Zhou Qingwen , Shen Zihan , Zhu Chao , Li Jiachen , Ding Zhiyuan , Wang Peng , Pan Feng , Zhang Zhiyong , Ma Haixia , Wang Shuangyin , Zhang Huigang
Published: May 2018

Hydrogen production is the key step for the future hydrogen economy. As a promising H2 production route, electrolysis of water suffers from high overpotentials and high energy consumption. This study proposes an N‐doped CoP as the novel and effective electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and constructs a coupled system for simultaneous hydrogen and sulfur production. Nitrogen doping lowers the d‐band of CoP and weakens the H adsorption on the surface of CoP because of the strong electronegativity of nitrogen as compared to phosphorus. The H adsorption that is close to thermos‐neutral states enables the effective electrolysis of the HER. Only −42 mV is required to drive a current density of −10 mA cm−2 for the HER. The oxygen evolution reaction in the anode is replaced by the oxidation reaction of Fe2+, which is regenerated by a coupled H2S absorption reaction. The coupled system can significantly reduce the energy consumption of the HER and recover useful sulfur sources.
Networked Cages for Enhanced CO2 Capture and Sensing
Authors: Wang Zhen , Ma Hui , Zhai Tian‐Long , Cheng Guang , Xu Qian , Liu Jun‐Min , Yang Jiakuan , Zhang Qing‐Mei , Zhang Qing‐Pu , Zheng Yan‐Song , Tan Bien , Zhang Chun
Published: May 2018

It remains a great challenge to design and synthesize a porous material for CO2 capture and sensing simultaneously. Herein, strategy of “cage to frameworks” is demonstrated to synthesize fluorescent porous organic polymer (pTOC) by using tetraphenylethylene‐based oxacalixarene cage (TOC) as the monomer. The networked cages (pTOC) have improved porous properties, including Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area and CO2 capture compared with its monomer TOC, because the polymerization overcomes the window‐to‐arene packing modes of cages and turns on their pores. Moreover, pTOC displays prominent reversible fluorescence enhancement in the presence of CO2 in different dispersion systems and fluorescence recovery for CO2 release in the presence of NH3·H2O, and is thus very effective to detect and quantify the fractions of CO2 in a gaseous mixtures.
A Sustainable Approach to Flexible Electronics with Zinc‐Tin Oxide Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Fernandes Cristina , Santa Ana , Santos Ângelo , Bahubalindruni Pydi , Deuermeier Jonas , Martins Rodrigo , Fortunato Elvira , Barquinha Pedro
Published: May 2018

Zinc‐tin oxide (ZTO) is widely invoked as a promising indium and gallium‐free alternative for amorphous oxide semiconductor based thin‐film transistors (TFTs). The main bottleneck of this semiconductor material compared to mainstream indium‐gallium‐zinc oxide (IGZO) is centered in the larger processing temperatures required to achieve acceptable performance (>300 °C), not compatible with low‐cost flexible substrates. This work reports for the first time flexible amorphous‐ZTO TFTs processed at a maximum temperature of 180 °C. Different aspects are explored to obtain performance levels comparable to IGZO devices at these low processing temperatures, such as hydrogen incorporation during ZTO sputtering and integration with a high‐κ multilayer/multicomponent dielectric. Close‐to‐zero turn‐on voltage, field‐effect mobility ≈5 cm2 V−1 s−1, and subthreshold slope of 0.26 V dec−1 are obtained. Stability under negative‐bias‐illumination stress is dramatically improved with hydrogen incorporation in ZTO and device performance is insensitive to bending under a radius of curvature of 15 mm. Inverters using the ZTO TFTs enable rail‐to‐rail operation with supply voltage V
DD as low as 5 V, while a differential amplifier with positive feedback loop provides a gain of 17 dB and unity gain frequency of 40 kHz, limited by the large gate‐to‐source and gate‐to‐drain overlaps used herein.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroarylation of Arenes with Olefins in Water
Authors: Mukherjee Kallol , Ramesh E. , Ghosh Koushik , Sahoo Akhila K.
Published: May 2018

A Ru‐catalyzed intramolecular hydroarylation of arenes in an aqueous medium is presented herein. With the aid of methyl phenyl sulfoximine or an amide directing group, this atom‐efficient hydroarylation of arenes ensued dihydrobenzofuran derivatives. Sequential double hydroarylation of arene motifs resulted in highly peripheral‐decorated heterocycles. Deuterium labeling studies and control experiments offer valuable information in understanding the reactivity and the mechanistic data.
Using kidney size for early detection of contrast‐induced nephropathy in the emergency department setting
Authors: Hongo Takashi , Tsuchiya Midori , Inaba Mototaka , Takahashi Kenji , Nozaki Satoshi , Fujiwara Toshifumi , Hiramatsu Makoto
Published: May 2018

Aim

We aimed to examine the relationship between kidney size and contrast‐induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients who underwent contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CT) in the emergency department.

Methods

This single‐center retrospective observational study was undertaken to evaluate risk factors for CIN at Okayama Saiseikai General Hospital (Okayama, Japan) from January 2014 through to December 2016. Contrast‐induced nephropathy was defined as an absolute increase in serum creatinine level of ≥0.5 mg/dL or ≥25% over the baseline value within 72 h after contrast‐enhanced CT. Independent risk factors for CIN were determined by multiple logistic regression analysis. The thickness of the kidney was evaluated as a predictor of CIN using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. We also analyzed CIN as an outcome using the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results

The incidence of CIN was 26/262 (9.9%). In the multivariate analysis, CIN was associated with renal thickness (odds ratio = 0.65; 95% confidence interval, 0.53–0.81). No patient underwent renal replacement therapy.

Conclusion

Renal thickness could be used as a reliable, simple, and easily obtainable marker for identifying CIN in patients undergoing contrast‐enhanced CT in the emergency department.