bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Manual compression technique improves the success rate in the treatment of thrombosed aneurysmal arteriovenous fistula: A single‐center experience
Authors: Ko Cheng‐Yu , Yu Li‐Ying , Chen Po‐Wei , Ko Chih‐Chang , Lin Tian‐Xi , Lee Cheng‐Han , Liu Ping‐Yen , Chang Hsien‐Yuan
Published: October 2022

Objective

Endovascular intervention for thrombosed aneurysmal arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is still a challenge. Manual compression technique (MCT)‐assisted angioplasty may be helpful, but there is no evidence or data to support it.

Methods

From January 2018 to May 2021, patients with thrombosed aneurysmal AVFs were retrospectively enrolled. The patients were separated into the MCT group or the traditional group according to the procedure received. Technical failure, clinical failure, 90‐day patency, and safety were analyzed.

Results

A total of 159 cases (64 ± 12 years old, 60% male) were enrolled, of which 87 cases received MCT and 72 underwent traditional angioplasty. No technical failure was observed in the MCT group, while five technical failures were observed in the traditional group (0% vs. 7%, p = 0.02). There were no differences in the clinical failure rate (3% vs. 7%, p = 0.30), 90‐day patency rate, or procedure time between the MCT group and the traditional group. There was no symptomatic pulmonary embolism or other complication in the two groups.

Conclusion

MCT is a low‐cost, less invasive, and safe procedure for thrombosed aneurysmal AVF, and it achieves a higher technical success rate than traditional angioplasty.
Identification of the novel HLA‐DPA1*01:03:01:64 allele in an individual from Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Pinto Andrea S. , Tambe Manisha , D'Silva Selma Z. , Singh Meenakshi
Published: October 2022

The novel HLA‐DPA1*01:03:01:64 allele was detected during routine HLA typing.
Aerodynamic Design of Cooling Guide for Electrical Machine in Electric Ducted Fan
Authors: Hu Xuanyang , Qian Yuping , Yang Bijie , Dong Chaofan , Zhang Yangjun , Zhuge Weilin
Published: October 2022

Electric ducted fan has newly emerged as the most compact type of propulsion fan for flying cars, because of its flexible configuration arrangement, low noise level and high safety level operation. Typically, an electric ducted fan is composed of a hub-driven fan and a hub-mounted inner rotor electrical machine. The thermal management of the hub-mounted electrical machine is essential because it determines the machine's continuous output power and reliability, as well as the fan thrust force. The heat transmitted from the stator winding to the cooling guide vane (CGV) is dissipated by introducing the air flow at hub region to the CGV. Therefore, in order to better improve the thermal performance of the CGV, an aerodynamic design of CGV is proposed in this paper for better thermal management of stator end-windings. First, for a certain desired power output of electrical machine under temperature constraints of stator winding, lumped thermal network is established to derive the requirement of heat transfer coefficients of the CGV. Then, from engineering feasibility, three different CGVs including straight type, arc-shape type and airfoil-shape type are tested by computational fluid dynamics. The evaluation of the CGV designs include the flow characteristics, power requirements, and thermal characteristics for stator winding cooling purposes. In comparison with the conventionally straight type CGV, improvements are gained from the designed arc-shape type and airfoil-shape type cooling configurations, whereas the fan thrust force remains the same simultaneously. It is verified that the arc-shape type and airfoil-shape type CGVs are promising in enhancing the thermal management performance of the electrical machine stator winding without power requirement.
The Flutter Stability of Mistuned Bladed Disks Subjected to the Coriolis Effect
Authors: Tacher Anthony , Thouverez Fabrice , Armand Jason
Published: October 2022

Intentional frequency mistuning referred to as detuning is known to be an effective mean to prevent aeroelastic flutter in gas turbines. The Coriolis effect, which is usually discarded, can reduce the mistuning effects and therefore compromise the stabilizing effect of detuning with respect to flutter. This paper presents an original study of the influence of the Coriolis effect on the aeroelastic stability of a single-piece bladed disk (blisk), which made it possible to highlight for the first time the complex interactions between flutter, mistuning, and the Coriolis effect. The blisk is modeled with a lumped parameter model and the aeroelastic self-excitations using Whitehead's theory. A genetic algorithm is used to determine the best detuning pattern to stabilize the flutter-prone blisk. The results show that if the detuning pattern is identified without taking the Coriolis effect into account, the detuned blisk can still be prone to flutter. The key driver of this loss of stability is the frequency separation of the modes resulting from the Coriolis effect, which decreases the mode interactions that are required to stabilize the system. This article demonstrates the need to consider the Coriolis effect when studying the aeroelastic stability of cyclic structures with flexible disk and blade-disk coupling. By doing so, it is shown that a higher level of detuning is needed to compensate the adverse effects of Coriolis and ensure stability to flutter.
Experimental Verification of Pulse Shaping in Elastic Metamaterials Under Impact Excitation
Authors: Dorgant Greg , Johnson William R. , DeLima Washington , Leamy Michael J.
Published: October 2022

We present experimental verification of pulse shaping in elastic metamaterials together with a procedure to design, fabricate, and verify metamaterial pulse shapers under impact excitation. The split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test, a fundamental dynamic test introduced more than 70 years ago, often incorporates pulse shaping as a means to alter a stress wave, providing the primary motivation for the presented study. Elastic metamaterials hold promise for enhancing conventional pulse shaping abilities and improving capabilities of the SHPB test. We first design the pulse shaper by numerically optimizing its response using finite element analysis. The pulse shaper consists of repeated unit cells based on a combination of a phononic crystal and a local resonator. Then, we fabricate and test pulse shaper candidates to validate the procedural efficacy. An iterative element corrects inaccuracies in input force and material properties and allows convergence on an appropriate pulse shaper. We carry out this procedure by designing pulse shapers fabricated from 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) to achieve an extended dwell acceleration pulse shape. In experimental impact tests, the procedure results in rise, dwell, and fall behaviors comparable to that predicted, effectively confirming the efficacy of the presented procedure and verifying the performance of metamaterial-based pulse shapers.
What Influences Children’s Physical Activity? Investigating the Effects of Physical Self-Concept, Physical Self-Guides, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation
Authors: Henning Lena , Dreiskämper Dennis , Pauly Hannah , Filz Steffen , Tietjens Maike
Published: October 2022

Physical fitness self-concept (PFSC) is an important predictor of motivation and physical activity in children. Recent studies revealed that not only PFSC but also its interplay with perceptions of one’s ideal and ought physical fitness self are related to motivation and physical activity. As the meaning of ideal and ought selves in children is yet unclear, this study aimed to investigate how PFSC, ideal physical fitness self, and ought physical fitness self are related to children’s motivation and physical activity. Six hundred forty-five children (Mage = 8.87 years) filled out questionnaires twice with an interval of approximately 8 months. Polynomial regression with response surface analyses and mediation analyses was conducted. Results showed that PFSC, rather than ideal and ought self-perceptions, is associated with autonomous motivation, self-efficacy, and physical activity. The relationship between PFSC and physical activity was mediated by self-efficacy. Findings indicate that physical activity promotion programs should include PFSC and self-efficacy enhancement in childhood.
Structure of the hepatitis C virus E1E2 glycoprotein complex
Authors: Torrents de la Peña Alba , Sliepen Kwinten , Eshun-Wilson Lisa , Newby Maddy L. , Allen Joel D. , Zon Ian , Koekkoek Sylvie , Chumbe Ana , Crispin Max , Schinkel Janke , Lander Gabriel C. , Sanders Rogier W. , Ward Andrew B.
Published: October 2022

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma in humans and afflicts more than 58 million people worldwide. The HCV envelope E1 and E2 glycoproteins are essential for viral entry and comprise the primary antigenic target for neutralizing antibody responses. The molecular mechanisms of E1E2 assembly, as well as how the E1E2 heterodimer binds broadly neutralizing antibodies, remain elusive. Here, we present the cryo–electron microscopy structure of the membrane-extracted full-length E1E2 heterodimer in complex with three broadly neutralizing antibodies—AR4A, AT1209, and IGH505—at ~3.5-angstrom resolution. We resolve the interface between the E1 and E2 ectodomains and deliver a blueprint for the rational design of vaccine immunogens and antiviral drugs.
Mammalian oocytes store mRNAs in a mitochondria-associated membraneless compartment
Authors: Cheng Shiya , Altmeppen Gerrit , So Chun , Welp Luisa M. , Penir Sarah , Ruhwedel Torben , Menelaou Katerina , Harasimov Katarina , Stützer Alexandra , Blayney Martyn , Elder Kay , Möbius Wiebke , Urlaub Henning , Schuh Melina
Published: October 2022

Full-grown oocytes are transcriptionally silent and must stably maintain the messenger RNAs (mRNAs) needed for oocyte meiotic maturation and early embryonic development. However, where and how mammalian oocytes store maternal mRNAs is unclear. Here, we report that mammalian oocytes accumulate mRNAs in a mitochondria-associated ribonucleoprotein domain (MARDO). MARDO assembly around mitochondria was promoted by the RNA-binding protein ZAR1 and directed by an increase in mitochondrial membrane potential during oocyte growth. MARDO foci coalesced into hydrogel-like matrices that clustered mitochondria. Maternal mRNAs stored in the MARDO were translationally repressed. Loss of ZAR1 disrupted the MARDO, dispersed mitochondria, and caused a premature loss of MARDO-localized mRNAs. Thus, a mitochondria-associated membraneless compartment controls mitochondrial distribution and regulates maternal mRNA storage, translation, and decay to ensure fertility in mammals.
Delocalized photonic deep learning on the internet’s edge
Authors: Sludds Alexander , Bandyopadhyay Saumil , Chen Zaijun , Zhong Zhizhen , Cochrane Jared , Bernstein Liane , Bunandar Darius , Dixon P. Ben , Hamilton Scott A. , Streshinsky Matthew , Novack Ari , Baehr-Jones Tom , Hochberg Michael , Ghobadi Manya , Hamerly Ryan , Englund Dirk
Published: October 2022

Advanced machine learning models are currently impossible to run on edge devices such as smart sensors and unmanned aerial vehicles owing to constraints on power, processing, and memory. We introduce an approach to machine learning inference based on delocalized analog processing across networks. In this approach, named Netcast, cloud-based “smart transceivers” stream weight data to edge devices, enabling ultraefficient photonic inference. We demonstrate image recognition at ultralow optical energy of 40 attojoules per multiply (<1 photon per multiply) at 98.8% (93%) classification accuracy. We reproduce this performance in a Boston-area field trial over 86 kilometers of deployed optical fiber, wavelength multiplexed over 3 terahertz of optical bandwidth. Netcast allows milliwatt-class edge devices with minimal memory and processing to compute at teraFLOPS rates reserved for high-power (>100 watts) cloud computers.
Babbling bats and raucous reefs
The Sounds of Life
Karen Bakker
Princeton University Press, 2022. 368 pp.
Authors: Gottesman Benjamin
Published: October 2022

Bioacoustics can aid in understanding and conserving species and ecosystems
A neurosurgeon’s climate fight
Minding the Climate: How Neuroscience Can Help Solve Our Environmental Crisis
Ann-Christine Duhaime
Harvard University Press, 2022. 336 pp.
Authors: Aron Adam R.
Published: October 2022

Cutting greenhouse emissions will require less brain and more (collective) brawn
An ultraminiaturized spectrometer
Authors: Quereda Jorge , Castellanos-Gomez Andres
Published: October 2022

Scaling down spectrometers could allow their application in consumer devices
Making trouble
Authors: Kaiser Jocelyn
Published: October 2022

The United States is moving to tighten oversight of studies that could make viruses more dangerous. But how far should it go?
Subinhibitory Concentrations of Antibiotics Alter the Response of Klebsiella pneumoniae to Components of Innate Host Defense
Authors: Opoku-Temeng Clement , Freedman Brett , Porter Adeline R. , Kobayashi Scott D. , Chen Liang , Kreiswirth Barry N. , DeLeo Frank R.
Published: October 2022

The extent to which commensal bacteria are altered by exposure to subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics (outside resistance) remains incompletely determined. To gain a better understanding of this phenomenon, we tested the ability of selected antibiotics (at subinhibitory concentrations) to alter survival of ST258 clinical isolates in normal human serum.
Retinoic Acid Increases Cellular Cholesterol in Leishmania donovani-Infected Macrophages in an mTOR-Independent Manner
Authors: Prakash Satya , Rai Ambak Kumar
Published: October 2022

People who reside in regions where leishmaniasis is endemic and who lack proteins, iron, zinc, and vitamin A in their diet are more prone to develop visceral leishmaniasis (VL) as a full-blown disease. Vitamin A deficiency favors the development of a parasitic infection in the human host, and the WHO recommends administering 200,000-IU doses to VL patients on admission.
Fault surface morphology as an indicator for earthquake nucleation potential
Authors: Eijsink Agathe M. , Kirkpatrick James D. , Renard François , Ikari Matt J.
Published: October 2022

Laboratory measurements can determine the potential for geologic materials to generate unstable (seismic) slip, but a direct relation between sliding behavior in the laboratory and physical characteristics observable in the field is lacking, especially for the phyllosilicate-rich gouges that are widely observed in natural faults. We integrated laboratory friction experiments with surface topography microscopy and demonstrated a quantitative correlation between frictional slip behavior and fault surface morphology of centimeter-scale samples. Our results show that striated, smooth fault surfaces were formed in experiments that exhibited stable sliding, whereas potentially unstable sliding was associated with rougher, isotropic fault surfaces. We interpret that frictional stability and fault surface morphology are linked via the evolution of asperity contacts on localized slip surfaces. If fault surface roughness obeys a fractal relationship over a large range of length scales, then we infer that the morphological characteristics observed in the laboratory could indicate the earthquake nucleation potential on natural fault surfaces.
Molybdenum isotopes in mafic igneous rocks record slabmantle interactions from subarc to postarc depths
Authors: Fang Wei , Dai Li-Qun , Zheng Yong-Fei , Zhao Zi-Fu
Published: October 2022

Arc volcanic rocks erupted above oceanic subduction zones generally have heavy molybdenum (Mo) isotopic compositions, which are attributed to contributions from oceanic slab–derived fluids with isotopically heavy Mo at subarc depths. Given that mafic igneous rocks with light Mo isotopic compositions have been rarely identified, it is unclear where light Mo isotope reservoirs reside, as these must exist due to oceanic subduction through geologic time. We present Mo isotope data from Mesozoic–Cenozoic mafic igneous rocks from the eastern North China craton, which were affected by continuous subduction of the oceanic slab. The Mesozoic mafic igneous rocks have island-arc basalt (IAB)–like features and high δ98Mo values of –0.15‰ to +0.09‰. In contrast, the Cenozoic mafic igneous rocks have ocean-island basalt (OIB)–like features and low δ98Mo values of –0.53‰ to –0.19‰. In addition, these two suites of rocks exhibit systematic differences in Sr-Nd isotopic compositions and fluid- and melt-mobile element contents, indicating that their mantle sources contained crustal components derived from different depths. The heavy Mo and weakly enriched Sr-Nd isotopic compositions and IAB-like trace-element signatures were inherited from slab fluids (including oceanic crust–derived aqueous solutions and seafloor sediment–derived hydrous melts) liberated at subarc depths. The light Mo and depleted Sr-Nd isotopic compositions and OIB-like trace-element signatures were inherited from dehydrated slab–derived melts (with rutile breakdown) at postarc depths. Therefore, Mo isotope systematics of mafic igneous rocks are a powerful means with which to trace the geochemical fluxes from subducting oceanic slabs to the mantle wedge at different depths.
Maternal hypertensive disorder of pregnancy and mortality in offspring from birth to young adulthood: national population based cohort study
Authors: Huang Chen , Wei Kecheng , Lee Priscilla Ming Yi , Qin Guoyou , Yu Yongfu , Li Jiong
Published: October 2022

Objective

To examine the association of maternal hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (HDP) with overall and cause specific mortality in offspring from birth to young adulthood.

Design

Nationwide population based cohort study.

Setting

Danish national health registers.

Participants

All 2 437 718 individuals live born in Denmark, 1978-2018, with follow-up from date of birth until date of death, emigration, or 31 December 2018, whichever came first.

Main outcome measures

The primary outcome was all cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were 13 specific causes of death in offspring from birth to young adulthood (age 41 years). Cox regression was used to assess the association, taking into consideration several potential confounders. The role of timing of onset and severity of pre-eclampsia, maternal history of diabetes, and maternal education were also studied.

Results

102 095 mothers had HDP: 67 683 with pre-eclampsia, 679 with eclampsia, and 33 733 with hypertension. During follow-up to 41 years (median 19.4 (interquartile range 9.7-28.7) years), deaths occurred in 781 (58.94 per 100 000 person years) offspring born to mothers with pre-eclampsia, 17 (133.73 per 100 000 person years) born to mothers with eclampsia, 223 (44.38 per 100 000 person years) born to mothers with hypertension, and 19 119 (41.99 per 100 000 person years) born to mothers with no HDP. The difference in cumulative incidence in overall mortality between cohorts exposed and unexposed to maternal HDP was 0.37% (95% confidence interval 0.11% to 0.64%), and the population attributable fraction for maternal HDP was estimated as 1.09% (95% confidence interval 0.77% to 1.41%). Maternal HDP was associated with a 26% (hazard ratio 1.26, 95% confidence interval 1.18 to 1.34) higher risk of all cause mortality in offspring. The corresponding estimates for maternal pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, and hypertension were 1.29 (1.20 to 1.38), 2.88 (1.79 to 4.63), and 1.12 (0.98 to 1.28). Increased risks were also observed for several cause specific mortalities, such as deaths from conditions originating in the perinatal period (2.04, 1.81 to 2.30), cardiovascular diseases (1.52, 1.08 to 2.13), digestive system diseases (2.09, 1.27 to 3.43), and endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (1.56, 1.08 to 2.27). The increased risks were more pronounced among offspring of mothers with early onset and severe pre-eclampsia (6.06, 5.35 to 6.86) or with both HDP and diabetes history (1.57, 1.16 to 2.14) or HDP and low education level (1.49, 1.34 to 1.66).

Conclusion

Maternal HDP, particularly eclampsia and severe pre-eclampsia, is associated with increased risks of overall mortality and various cause specific mortalities in offspring from birth to young adulthood.
NCAPG2 contributes to the progression of malignant melanoma through regulating proliferation and metastasis
Authors: Feng Zhang , Zhang Linfeng , Liu Yanxin , Zhang Wei
Published: October 2022

Malignant melanoma is a highly aggressive cutaneous neoplasm with increasing incidence worldwide. Non-SMC condensin II complex subunit G2 (NCAPG2) exerts import biological function in the pathogenesis of several tumors. In this study, the functional roles of NCAPG2 knockdown in malignant melanoma were revealed in in vitro and in vivo experiments. In vitro study demonstrated that NCAPG2 depletion could inhibit proliferation and migration and promote apoptosis of malignant melanoma cells. Our in vivo date further confirmed that NCAPG2 knockdown attenuated tumor growth of malignant melanoma. Interestingly, NCAPG2 drove tumor development of malignant melanoma through activating the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). In conclusion, this study elaborated the tumor-promoting effects of NCAPG2 on malignant melanoma, and NCAPG2 may be a potential therapeutic target for malignant melanoma therapy.
Tadpole domination number of graphs
Authors: Prebhath Vinny Susan , Sangeetha V.
Published: October 2022

The graph obtained by joining cycle [Formula: see text] to a path [Formula: see text] with a bridge is called Tadpole graph denoted by [Formula: see text]. A subset [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] is said to be a tadpole dominating set of [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] is a dominating set and the set of vertices of [Formula: see text] spans a tadpole graph [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we find the tadpole domination number of cartesian product of certain graphs, namely, paths, cycles and complete graphs. Also the tadpole domination number for the Mycielskian of cycles and paths is obtained.
On k-restricted connectivity of direct product of graphs
Authors: Cheng Huiwen , Varmazyar Rezvan , Ghasemi Mohsen
Published: October 2022

Let [Formula: see text] be a graph. A vertex-cut [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] is said to be k-restricted if every component of [Formula: see text] has at least [Formula: see text] vertices, and cyclic if [Formula: see text] has at least two components which contain a cycle. The minimum cardinality over all [Formula: see text]-restricted vertex-cuts of [Formula: see text] is called the k-restricted connectivity of [Formula: see text] and is denoted by [Formula: see text]. Also the minimum cardinality over all cyclic vertex-cuts of [Formula: see text] is called the cyclic connectivity of graph [Formula: see text] and is denoted by [Formula: see text]. In this paper, the [Formula: see text]-restricted connectivity and cyclic connectivity of the direct product of two graphs [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is obtained for some [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a complete graph, and [Formula: see text] is a complete graph, a complete bipartite graph or a cycle.
Ordovician geology of Alaska
Authors: Dumoulin Julie A. , Strauss Justin V. , Repetski John E.
Published: October 2022

Ordovician rocks, found in northern, east-central, interior and southern Alaska, formed in a variety of depositional and palaeogeographic settings. Shallow- and deep-water strata deposited along the northwestern Laurentian margin occur in east-central Alaska (Yukon River area) and probably correlative rocks crop out to the north in the Porcupine River area. Ordovician strata elsewhere in Alaska are parts of continental or island arc fragments that, as indicated by faunal and detrital zircon data, have been variously displaced. In northern Alaska, Ordovician rocks are included in the Arctic Alaska–Chukotka Microplate (AACM), a composite tectonic entity with a complex history. Some Ordovician strata in the AACM (parts of the North Slope subterrane) represent displaced fragments of the northern Laurentian margin. Coeval strata in southwestern parts of the AACM (York and Seward terranes, Hammond subterrane) share distinctive lithologic and biotic features with Ordovician rocks in interior Alaska (Farewell and related terranes). Ordovician strata in southeastern Alaska (Alexander terrane) also likely compose a composite crustal fragment that accumulated in a complex arc system. Shared features between many of these units suggest similar origins as part of one or more crustal fragments situated in the palaeo-Arctic between Laurentia, Baltica and Siberia during early Paleozoic time.
Intent-based networking for the enterprise
Authors: Falkner Matthias , Apostolopoulos John
Published: October 2022

IBN promises to better align network operations with enterprise intent, but several challenges must be resolved before it can reach its full potential.
Mobile-app privacy nutrition labels missing key ingredients for success
Authors: Cranor Lorrie Faith
Published: October 2022

Android and iOS privacy labels confuse developers and end users.
What must all post-secondary students learn about computing?
Authors: Barr Valerie
Published: October 2022

Expanding students' understanding of computing's potential.
Mutual Supervised Fusion & Transfer Learning with Interpretable Linguistic Meaning for Social Data Analytics
Authors: Zhang Yuanpeng , Jiang Yizhang , Alireza Jolfaei
Published: October 2022

Social data analytics is often taken as the most commonly used method for community discovery, product recommendations, knowledge graph, and so on. In this study, social data are firstly represented in different feature spaces by using various feature extraction algorithms. Then we build a transfer learning model to leverage knowledge from multiple feature spaces. During modeling, since the assumption that the training and the testing data have the same distribution is always true, we give a theorem and its proof which asserts the necessary and sufficient condition for achieving a minimum testing error. We also theoretically demonstrate that maximizing the classification error consistency across different feature spaces can improve the classification performance. Additionally, the cluster assumption derived from semi-supervised learning is introduced to enhance knowledge transfer. Finally, aTagaki-Sugeno-Kang (TSK)fuzzy system-based learning algorithm is proposed, which can generate interpretable fuzzy rules. Experimental results not only demonstrate the promising social data classification performance of our proposed approach but also show its interpretability which is missing in many other models.
Multi-scale Edge-guided Learning for 3D Reconstruction
Authors: Li Lei , Zhou Zhiyuan , Wu Suping , Cao Yongrong
Published: October 2022

Single-view three-dimensional (3D) object reconstruction has always been a long-term challenging task. Objects with complex topologies are hard to accurately reconstruct, which makes existing methods suffer from blurring of shape boundaries between multiple components in the object. Moreover, most of them cannot balance learning between global geometric structure information and local detail information. In this article, we propose a multi-scale edge-guided learning network (MEGLN) to utilize the global edge information guiding the network to better capture and recover local details. The goal is to exploit the multi-scale learning strategy to learn global edge information and local details, thus achieving robust 3D object reconstruction. We first design a multi-scale Gaussian difference block (MGDB) to extract global edge geometry features for input images of different scales and adopt the attention mechanism to aggregate the extracted global edge geometry features of different scales. Second, we design a multi-scale feature interaction block (MFIB) to learn local details, which utilizes the multi-scale feature interaction to capture the features of multiple objects or components at multiple scales. The MFIB can learn and capture better as much local detail information as possible under the guidance of global edge information. Finally, we dynamically fuse the predicted probabilities of the MGDB and MFIB to obtain the final predicted result, which makes our MEGLN able to recover 3D shapes with global complex topological structures and rich local details via the multi-scale learning strategy. Extensive qualitative and quantitative experimental results on the ShapeNet dataset demonstrate that our approach achieves competitive performance compared with state-of-the-art methods. Code is available at
https://github.com/Ray-tju/MEGLN
.
Hierarchical Multi-Attention Transfer for Knowledge Distillation
Authors: Gou Jianping , Sun Liyuan , Yu Baosheng , Wan Shaohua , Tao Dacheng
Published: October 2022

Knowledge distillation (KD)
is a powerful and widely applicable technique for the compression of deep learning models. The main idea of knowledge distillation is to transfer knowledge from a large teacher model to a small student model, where the attention mechanism has been intensively explored in regard to its great flexibility for managing different teacher-student architectures. However, existing attention-based methods usually transfer similar attention knowledge from the intermediate layers of deep neural networks, leaving the hierarchical structure of deep representation learning poorly investigated for knowledge distillation. In this paper, we propose a
hierarchical multi-attention transfer framework (HMAT)
, where different types of attention are utilized to transfer the knowledge at different levels of deep representation learning for knowledge distillation. Specifically, position-based and channel-based attention knowledge characterize the knowledge from low-level and high-level feature representations, respectively, and activation-based attention knowledge characterize the knowledge from both mid-level and high-level feature representations. Extensive experiments on three popular visual recognition tasks, image classification, image retrieval, and object detection, demonstrate that the proposed hierarchical multi-attention transfer or HMAT significantly outperforms recent state-of-the-art KD methods.
Pre-trained Language Model-based Retrieval and Ranking for Web Search
Authors: Zou Lixin , Lu Weixue , Liu Yiding , Cai Hengyi , Chu Xiaokai , Ma Dehong , Shi Daiting , Sun Yu , Cheng Zhicong , Gu Simiu , Wang Shuaiqiang , Yin Dawei
Published: October 2022

Pre-trained language representation models (PLMs) such as BERT and Enhanced Representation through kNowledge IntEgration (ERNIE) have been integral to achieving recent improvements on various downstream tasks, including information retrieval. However, it is nontrivial to directly utilize these models for the large-scale web search due to the following challenging issues: (1) the prohibitively expensive computations of massive neural PLMs, especially for long texts in the web document, prohibit their deployments in the web search system that demands extremely low latency; (2) the discrepancy between existing task-agnostic pre-training objectives and the ad hoc retrieval scenarios that demand comprehensive relevance modeling is another main barrier for improving the online retrieval and ranking effectiveness; and (3) to create a significant impact on real-world applications, it also calls for practical solutions to seamlessly interweave the resultant PLM and other components into a cooperative system to serve web-scale data. Accordingly, we contribute a series of successfully applied techniques in tackling these exposed issues in this work when deploying the state-of-the-art Chinese pre-trained language model, i.e., ERNIE, in the online search engine system. We first present novel practices to perform expressive PLM-based semantic retrieval with a flexible poly-interaction scheme and cost-efficiently contextualize and rank web documents with a cheap yet powerful Pyramid-ERNIE architecture. We then endow innovative pre-training and fine-tuning paradigms to explicitly incentivize the query-document relevance modeling in PLM-based retrieval and ranking with the large-scale noisy and biased post-click behavioral data. We also introduce a series of effective strategies to seamlessly interwoven the designed PLM-based models with other conventional components into a cooperative system. Extensive offline and online experimental results show that our proposed techniques are crucial to achieving more effective search performance. We also provide a thorough analysis of our methodology and experimental results.
Static and Streaming Tucker Decomposition for Dense Tensors
Authors: Jang Jun-Gi , Kang U
Published: October 2022

Given a dense tensor, how can we efficiently discover hidden relations and patterns in static and online streaming settings? Tucker decomposition is a fundamental tool to analyze multidimensional arrays in the form of tensors. However, existing Tucker decomposition methods in both static and online streaming settings have limitations of efficiency since they directly deal with large dense tensors for the result of Tucker decomposition. In a static setting, although few static methods have tried to reduce their time cost by sampling tensors, sketching tensors, and efficient matrix operations, there remains a need for an efficient method. Moreover, streaming versions of Tucker decomposition are still time-consuming to deal with newly arrived tensors.

We propose D-Tucker and D-TuckerO, efficient Tucker decomposition methods for large dense tensors in static and online streaming settings, respectively. By decomposing a given large dense tensor with randomized singular value decomposition, avoiding the reconstruction from SVD results, and carefully determining the order of operations, D-Tucker and D-TuckerO efficiently obtain factor matrices and core tensor. Experimental results show that D-Tucker achieves up to 38.4 × faster running times, and requires up to 17.2 × less space than existing methods while having similar accuracy. Furthermore, D-TuckerO is up to 6.1× faster than existing streaming methods for each newly arrived tensor while its running time is proportional to the size of the newly arrived tensor, not the accumulated tensor.
Mechanism Analysis of Megasonic and Brush Cleaning Processes for Silicon Substrate after Chemical Mechanical Polishing
Authors: Li Kun , Li Changkun , Wang Tongqing , Zhao Dewen , Lu Xinchun
Published: October 2022

Cleaning processes draw considerable attention in integrated circuit manufacturing because of the rapid development of technology nodes. Bare silicon wafer cleaning after chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is one of the most difficult processes used to meet the extremely strict industrial requirements. Herein, the silicon wafer cleaning mechanism is studied in detail. The effects of megasonic and brush cleaning on nanoparticle removal are both analysed through experiments and simulations. The experimental results show that chemical concentration, megasonic vibration power, and brush clamp gap all significantly affect the cleaning performance, and that excessive megasonic power reduces the cleaning performance because more defects are introduced. A model of megasonic nozzle trajectory is also proposed, and optimized parameters, especially the relative velocity between the wafer rotation and nozzle movement, are critical to removing nanoparticles effectively. Furthermore, analysis of combining megasonic and brush cleaning shows that including megasonic cleaning improves the wafer cleaning performance by several orders of magnitude. Based on the optimized cleaning conditions, an ultraclean wafer surface is achieved after CMP.
Opto-Dielectric Properties of TeO2-Li2O-LiCl-Eu2O3 Glasses
Authors: Mahraz Zahra Ashur Said , Jupri Siti Aishah , Sazali E.S. , Sahar M. R. , Samah K. A.
Published: October 2022

Europium oxide (Eu2O3) doped lithium tellurite glasses were prepared via melt quenching method. The effects of Eu2O3 doping at varying concentrations on the physical, electrical and optical properties of tellurite glasses were determined. The physical properties utilizing density and molar volume are determined. Electrical and dielectric constant in the 0.01–10 MHz frequency range was monitored as a function of temperature (298–398 K). At room temperature, the conductivity and activation energy increase with an increase in Eu2O3 concentration. Small polaron hopping (SPH) is used to explain the conduction mechanism. The density of the localized state is found to decrease with increasing Eu2O3 concentration in the range of 21.3

×

10

20

to 17.3

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1
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eV−1 cm−3. Dielectric parameters which are dielectric constant and loss tangent are found to increase with the increase in the concentration of Eu2O3. To study the spectroscopic properties of fabricated glasses, absorption and emission spectroscopy have been performed. UV–vis-NIR absorption spectra of glass samples divulged two significant peaks. Under the excitation of a 393 nm laser diode, six emission bands were observed in the Eu3+ single-doped glasses of which the peak at 613 nm corresponding to the transition 5D0 → 7F2 is highly intense for such glasses. Increasing intensity ratio ranging from 1.13 to 2.13 with increased Eu2O3 concentration is attributed to the low symmetry environment around Eu3+ ions. The findings of the current study can be used in advanced functional optoelectronic applications.
Collectrin (Tmem27) deficiency in proximal tubules causes hypertension in mice and a TMEM27 variant associates with blood pressure in males in a Latino cohort
Authors: Chu Pei-Lun , Gigliotti Joseph C. , Cechova Sylvia , Bodonyi-Kovacs Gabor , Wang Yves T. , Chen Luojing , Wassertheil-Smoller Sylvia , Cai Jianwen , Isakson Brant E. , Franceschini Nora , Le Thu H.
Published: October 2022

The findings of our study are significant in several ways: 1) loss of an amino acid chaperone in the proximal tubule is sufficient to cause hypertension, 2) the results in global and proximal tubule-specific collectrin knockout mice support the notion that vascular dysfunction is required for salt sensitivity or that impaired renal tubule function causes hypertension but is not sufficient to cause salt sensitivity, and 3) our study is the first to implicate a role of collectrin in human hypertension.
Hopeful News for Physicians Who Involved in the Treatment of Critical Aluminum Phosphide (Rice Pill) Poisoning Patients
Authors: Vafapour Fatemeh , Sedaghattalab Moslem
Published: October 2022

Introduction. Aluminum phosphide (rice tablet) was first introduced as a pesticide in India. Rice tablets are commonly used in Iran due to their high efficacy against rodents and insects, low cost, and availability. Aluminum phosphide is a lethal poison without antidote and causes cardiocirculatory collapse and has negative inotropic cardiac effect. Human and animal studies showed that high dose insulin had positive cardiac inotropic effects. GIK (glucose, insulin, and potassium) assists heart uptake of carbohydrates that are the major fuel substrate of the myocard muscle under stressed conditions and leading to correction of acidosis, increased myocardial contractility, and peripheral vascular resistance. Case Presentation. In this manuscript, a young woman with aluminum phosphide poisoning was described to have presented with hypotension, hypoxemia, and severe metabolic acidosis. In contrast to our previous experiences that approximately all rice tablet poisoning patients with shock were dead despite full conservative treatment, this patient miraculously was saved with high dose intravenous regular insulin infusion and was discharged from the hospital with good condition and without any complications. Conclusion. Rice tablet poisoning has high fatality rate, and to date, no antidote is available. GIK is suggested as a potential life saving treatment for critical rice tablet poisoning patients with symptoms and signs of shock.
Fast COVID-19 Detection from Chest X-Ray Images Using DCT Compression
Authors: Taher Fatma , Haweel Reem T. , Al Bastaki Usama M. H. , Abdelwahed Eman , Rehman Tariq , Haweel Tarek I.
Published: October 2022

Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is a new strain of coronavirus, first identified in a cluster with pneumonia symptoms caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus. It is fast spreading all over the world. Most infected people will develop mild to moderate illness and recover without hospitalization. Currently, real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (rqRT-PCR) is popular for coronavirus detection due to its high specificity, simple quantitative analysis, and higher sensitivity than conventional RT-PCR. Antigen tests are also commonly used. It is very essential for the automatic detection of COVID-19 from publicly available resources. Chest X-ray (CXR) images are used for the classification of COVID-19, normal, and viral pneumonia cases. The CXR images are divided into sub-blocks for finding out the discrete cosine transform (DCT) for every sub-block in this proposed method. In order to produce a compressed version for each CXR image, the DCT energy compaction capability is used. For each image, hardly few spectral DCT components are included as features. The dimension of the final feature vectors is reduced by scanning the compressed images using average pooling windows. In the 3-set classification, a multilayer artificial neural network is used. It is essential to triage non-COVID-19 patients with pneumonia to give out hospital resources efficiently. Higher size feature vectors are used for designing binary classification for COVID-19 and pneumonia. The proposed method achieved an average accuracy of 95% and 94% for the 3-set classification and binary classification, respectively. The proposed method achieves better accuracy than that of the recent state-of-the-art techniques. Also, the time required for the implementation is less.
The Pessimistic Diagnosability of Folded Petersen Cubes
Authors: Kang Yingli , Ye Shuai , Fu Weidong , Zhu Jing
Published: October 2022

Diagnosability is an important metric parameter for measuring the reliability of multiprocessor systems. The pessimistic diagnosis strategy is a classic diagnostic model based on the PMC model. The class of folded Petersen cubes, denoted by FPQn,k, wheren,k≥ 0 and (n,k) ≠ (0, 0), is introduced as a competitive model of the hypercubes, which is constructed by iteratively applying the Cartesian product operation on the hypercubeQnand the Petersen graphP. In this paper, by exploring the structural properties of the folded Petersen cubes FPQn,k, we first prove that FPQn,kis (n+ 3k) diagnosable under the PMC model. Then, we completely derive that the pessimistic diagnosability of FPQn,kis 2n+ 6k− 2 under the PMC model. Furthermore, the diagnosability and the pessimistic diagnosability of the class of folded Petersen cubes, including the hypercube, folded Petersen graph, and hyper Petersen graph, are obtained.
Marine Algae Extract (Grateloupia Sparsa) for the Green Synthesis of Co3O4NPs: Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Anticancer, and Hemolytic Activities
Authors: Hajri Amira K. , Albalawi Marzough A. , Alsharif Ifat , Jamoussi Bassem
Published: October 2022

The aqueous extract of red algae was used for bio‐inspired manufacturing of cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co3O4NPs) and for antioxidant, antibacterial, hemolytic potency, and anticancer activity. Typical, characterization techniques include UV‐Vis, SEM, EDAX, TEM, FTIR, XRD, and TGA. Using an X‐ray diffraction assay, the size of the Co3O4NPs crystal was determined to range from 23.2 to 11.8 nm. Based on TEM and SEM pictures, biosynthesized Co3O4NPs’ had a homogeneous spherical morphology with a 28.8 to 7.6 nm average diameter. Furthermore, Co3O4NPs biological properties were investigated, including determining the antibacterial potency using the zone of inhibition (ZOI) method and determining the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). The antibacterial activity of Co3O4NPs was higher than that of the ciprofloxacin standard. Alternatively, scavenging of DPPH free radical investigation was carried out to test the antioxidant capacitance of Co3O4NPs, revealing significant antioxidant ability. The biosynthesized Co3O4NPs have a dose‐dependent effect on erythrocyte viability, indicating that this technique is harmless. Furthermore, bioinspired Co3O4NPs effectively against HepG2 cancer cells (IC50: 201.3 μg/ml). Co3O4NPs would be a therapeutic aid due to their antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer properties.
An Approach to Improving Homogeneous Cross-Project Defect Prediction by Jensen-Shannon Divergence and Relative Density
Authors: Ren Jiajia , Peng Chunyu , Zheng Shang , Zou Haitao , Gao Shang
Published: October 2022

Homogeneous cross-project defect prediction (HCPDP) aims to apply a binary classification model built on source projects to a target project with the same metrics. However, there is still room for improvement in the performance of the existing HCPDP models. This study has proposed a novel approach, including one-to-one and many-to-one predictions. First, we apply the Jensen-Shannon divergence to select the most similar source project automatically. Second, relative density estimation is introduced to choose the suitable instance of the selected source project. Third, one-to-one and many-to-one prediction models are trained by the selected instances. Finally, two benchmark datasets are used to evaluate the proposed approach. Compared to the state-of-the-art methods, the experimental results demonstrated that the proposed approach could improve the prediction performance in the F1-score, AUC, and G-mean metrics and exhibit strong adaptability to the traditional classifiers.
Improved YOLOX Foreign Object Detection Algorithm for Transmission Lines
Authors: Wu Minghu , Guo Leming , Chen Rui , Du Wanyin , Wang Juan , Liu Min , Kong Xiangbin , Tang Jing
Published: October 2022

It is quite simple for foreign objects to attach themselves to transmission line corridors because of the wide variety of laying and the complex, changing environment. If these foreign objects are not found and removed in a timely manner, they can have a significant impact on the transmission lines’ ability to operate safely. Due to the problem of poor accuracy of foreign object identification in transmission line image inspection, we provide an improved YOLOX technique for detection of foreign objects in transmission lines. The method improves the YOLOX target detection network by first using Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling to increase sensitivity to foreign objects of different scales, then by embedding Convolutional Block Attention Module to increase model recognition accuracy, and finally by using GIoU loss to further optimize. The testing findings show that the enhanced YOLOX network has a mAP improvement of around 4.24% over the baseline YOLOX network. The target detection SSD, Faster R-CNN, YOLOv5, and YOLOV7 networks have improved less than this. The effectiveness and superiority of the algorithm are proven.
Non-Abelian Aether-Like Term and Applications at Finite Temperature
Authors: Santos A. F. , Khanna Faqir C.
Published: October 2022

The Yang-Mills-aether theory is considered. Implications of the non-Abelian aether-like term, which introduces violation of the Lorentz symmetry, are investigated in a thermal quantum field theory. The thermofield dynamics formalism is used to introduce the temperature effects and spatial compactification. As a consequence, corrections due to the non-Abelian aether term are calculated for the non-Abelian Stefan-Boltzmann law and for the non-Abelian Casimir energy and pressure at zero and finite temperature.