bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of histological and subclinical chorioamnionitis and funisitis on breathing effort in premature infants at birth: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Panneflek Timothy J. R. , Dekker Janneke , Kuypers Kristel L. A. M. , van der Meeren Lotte E. , Polglase Graeme R. , Hooper Stuart B. , van den Akker Thomas , Pas Arjan B. te
Published: October 2024

Antenatal inflammation in the form of chorioamnionitis (fetal membranes; HCA) and funisitis (umbilical vessels; FUN) is a major risk factor for preterm birth. Exposure to HCA + FUN affects infants by releasing mediators that may suppress respiratory drive. While the association between clinical chorioamnionitis (CCA) and (depressed) spontaneous breathing has been described, we have investigated the association between breathing and HCA + FUN. Infants born < 30 weeks’ gestation with available placental pathology assessments were included. Infants were compared at multiple levels: infants with vs without HCA + FUN (comparison 1) and infants with subclinical HCA + FUN vs infants without any chorioamnionitis (comparison 2). The primary outcome was breathing effort, defined as minute volume (MV) of spontaneous breathing in the first 5 min after birth. We also assessed tidal volume (Vt), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), oxygen saturation (SpO2) and oxygen requirement (FiO2). Regression analyses were performed to control for confounding factors. One hundred eighty-six infants were included (n = 75 infants with HCA + FUN vs. n = 111 infants without HCA + FUN). Comparison 1: Infants with HCA + FUN had lower gestational ages 26+5 (25+0–28+1; median (IQR) and lower birthweights (mean ± SD; 943 ± 264) compared to infants without HCA + FUN (28+4 (27+0–29+1) weeks, p < 0.001 and 1023 ± 270 g, p = 0.049). Comparison 2: Subclinical HCA + FUN was diagnosed in 46/75 HCA + FUN infants. Infants with subclinical HCA + FUN had lower gestational ages (26+6 (25+1–28+3) vs. 28+4 (27+2–29+1) weeks, p < 0.001) without significant differences for birthweights (987 ± 248 vs. 1027 ± 267 g, p = 0.389) compared to infants without any chorioamnionitis (n = 102 infants). After adjustment, HCA + FUN was associated with lower MV (p = 0.025), but subclinical HCA + FUN was not (p = 0.226). HCA + FUN and subclinical HCA + FUN were associated with lower Vt (p = 0.003; p = 0.014), SpO2 at 5 min (p = 0.021; 0.036) and SpO2/FiO2 ratio (p = 0.028; p = 0.040).

Conclusion: HCA + FUN and subclinical HCA + FUN are associated with reduced oxygenation and parameters that reflect breathing effort in premature infants at birth.

What is Known:

• Acute antenatal inflammation, in the form of chorioamnionitis (fetal membranes) and funisitis (umbilical vessels), affects a large proportion of premature infants.• Clinical chorioamnionitis is associated with reduced breathing effort and oxygenation in premature infants at birth.

What is New:

• Histological and subclinical chorioamnionitis and funisitis are associated with reduced breathing effort parameters and oxygenation in premature infants at birth.
Kidney volume and function of low-birth-weight children at 5 years: impact of singleton and twin birth
Authors: Konopásek Patrik , Kodytková Aneta , Korček Peter , Pecková Monika , Frantová Martina , Kočí Martin , Flachsová Eva , Kotaška Karel , Straňák Zbyněk , Janda Jan , Zieg Jakub
Published: October 2024

Background

Many studies have demonstrated the association between low birth weight (LBW) and chronic kidney disease, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and kidney volume (KV). However, studies on twins and those investigating numerous perinatal factors beyond LBW, and their associations with various kidney parameters are scarce.

Methods

A two-center cross-sectional study on five-year-old LBW children was conducted between 2021 and 2023. 110 children were enrolled (8 LBW, 58 very LBW (VLBW), 44 extremely LBW (ELBW)); 56 were twins. We examined associations between birth weight (BW), various prenatal, perinatal and postnatal factors, and eGFR, KV, tubular abnormalities and kidney ultrasound abnormalities, both in singletons and twins.

Results

In children with ELBW, eGFR correlated with BW (r = 0.55, P = 0.0018), while in those with BW ≥ 1000 g, eGFR remained constant. Other factors associated with decreased eGFR were hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (93.86 vs. 87.26 ml/min/1.73m2, P = 0.0285) in singletons, decreased growth velocity (β = 0.83, P = 0.0277) in twins, and lower total KV (tKV) and relative KV (rKV) in both singletons (r = 0.60, P < 0.0001 for tKV and r = 0.45, P = 0.0010 for rKV) and twins (β = 0.34, P < 0.0001 for tKV and β = 0.23, P = 0.0002 for rKV). Based on the multivariable models excluding KV, BW and gestational age were associated with eGFR in singletons, while male gender, BW, growth velocity, and coffee drinking during pregnancy were associated with eGFR in twins. However, in models that included KV, BW, gestational age and growth velocity were no longer significant. Total KV was associated with BW (r = 0.39, P = 0.0050 for singletons; β = 2.85, P < 0.0001 for twins), body mass index (r = 0.34, P = 0.0145 for singletons; β = 8.44, P < 0.0001 for twins), and growth velocity (β = 1.43, P = 0.0078). Twins born small for gestational age had lower tKV (70.88 vs 89.20 ml, P < 0.0001). Relative KV showed similar associations. Relative kidney volumes were significantly lower for both kidneys compared to the reference population (55.02 vs 65.42 ml/m2, P < 0.0001 for right kidney and 61.12 vs 66.25 ml/m2, P = 0.0015 for left kidney); however, only 8.6% of children had rKV below 10th percentile.

Conclusion

Many factors affect eGFR and KV, some of them differ between twins and singletons. Based on multivariable models, eGFR seems to be better predicted by KV than by BW and gestational age in LBW children. Relative kidney volumes were significantly lower in our cohort compared to the reference population, but only 8.6% of rKV were below 10th percentile.

Graphical Abstract
Eisenrückhalt in der Lausitz: Eine räumlich differenzierte Analyse der Spree
Authors: Frei Sven , Klostermann Laurin , Gilfedder Benjamin Silas
Published: October 2024

Neben den Auswirkungen des Klimawandels gestaltet sich die Beurteilung der Effekte der Post-Bergbau-Ära auf Wasserhaushalt und Qualität der Spree in der Zukunft als anspruchsvoll. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, das komplexe Zusammenspiel zwischen Oberflächen- und Grundwasser im Kontext der Verockerungs-Problematik der Spree besser zu verstehen. Dabei werden Ergebnisse einer kontrovers diskutierten Arbeit aus dem Jahr 2018 aufgegriffen und im Zusammenhang mit aktuellen Entwicklungen verglichen. Basierend auf einer räumlich differenzierten Bilanzierung beläuft sich die Gesamtmenge des im Einzugsgebiet der Spree und ihrer Zuflüsse immobilisierten Eisens auf etwa 30 t/Tag. Neben der Spree und ihrem Einzugsgebiet (39 %) spielen insbesondere die Tagebaurestseen (24 %) sowie die Zuflüsse zur Spree mit ihren jeweiligen Einzugsgebieten (34 %) eine bedeutende Rolle beim Rückhalt von Eisen. Die räumliche Verteilung der Grundwasserzuflüsse in die Spree, quantifiziert mithilfe von Radon als natürlichem Tracer, zeigt präferenzielle Eintritte entlang der Spreewitzer Rinne, die bis zu 70 % des gesamten Zuflusses (139.800 m3/d) ausmachen.
Measuring self-control in a wild songbird using a spatial discounting task
Authors: McCallum Ella , Shaw Rachael C.
Published: October 2024

Self-control allows animals to resist instant gratification and invest more time and/or energy in better outcomes. However, widespread temporal self-control tasks lack ecological validity for many species, and few studies have explored whether self-control can be measured in the wild. We used a spatial discounting task resembling natural foraging decisions to measure self-control in wild toutouwai (Petroica longipes), a songbird endemic to New Zealand. Birds chose between a near, low-quality food item and a high-quality food item further away. Toutouwai showed striking individual variation in their self-control abilities. Validation tests suggested that our task reliably measured self-control in a spatial foraging context. However, individual-level performance was confounded by food preferences and the satiation and/or learning effects associated with increasing trial number, limiting the applicability of this task as a measure of individual variation in self-control. Nonetheless, we found no correlation between an individual’s self-control and their inhibitory control measured using a detour task, suggesting that self-control is a distinct ability from the suppression of impulsive motor actions in toutouwai. This study demonstrates for the first time that a bird is capable of self-control in a spatial context and provides suggestions for how future researchers may robustly quantify individual differences in self-control in the wild.
Usability in human-robot collaborative workspaces
Authors: Schraick Lisa-Marie , Ehrlich-Sommer Florian , Stampfer Karl , Meixner Oliver , Holzinger Andreas
Published: October 2024

This study explores the usability of human-robot collaboration in the previously under-researched field of forestry and agroforestry. The robotic platforms used were Boston Dynamics Spot and the Agile X Bunker, the latter equipped with a movable arm. The research was conducted in an experimental robotic test park, simulating real-world scenarios relevant to forestry and agriculture. The focus of this study is on the use of these robots as collaborative robots (cobots). Usability, as a central characteristic in human-computer interaction, was evaluated using the well-established System Usability Scale (SUS). The results demonstrate the potential of these robotic systems to enhance productivity and safety, while also underscoring the importance of user-centered design in the development of collaborative tools. A key finding of this work is that successful integration of AI-driven technologies in sectors such as forestry and agriculture requires a focus on human-centered AI which includes good usability, and accessibility, emphasizing the importance of the concept of universal access.
Ultra-High-Resolution Photon-Counting Detector CT Benefits Visualization of Abdominal Arteries: A Comparison to Standard-Reconstruction
Authors: Zhang Huan , Xing Yue , Wang Lingyun , Hu Yangfan , Xu Zhihan , Chen Haoda , Lu Junjie , Yang Jiarui , Ding Bei , Hu Weiguo , Zhong Jingyu
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to investigate the potential benefit of ultra-high-resolution (UHR) photon-counting detector CT (PCD-CT) angiography in visualization of abdominal arteries in comparison to standard-reconstruction (SR) images of virtual monoenergetic images (VMI) at low kiloelectron volt (keV). We prospectively included 47 and 47 participants to undergo contrast-enhanced abdominal CT scans within UHR mode on a PCD-CT system using full-dose (FD) and low-dose (LD) protocols, respectively. The data were reconstructed into six series of images: FD_UHR_Br48, FD_UHR_Bv56, FD_UHR_Bv60, FD_SR_Bv40, LD_UHR_Bv48, and LD_SR_Bv40. The UHR reconstructions were performed with three kernels (Bv48, Bv56, and Bv60) within 0.2 mm. The SR were virtual monoenergetic imaging reconstruction with Bv40 kernel at 40-keV within 1 mm. Each series of axial images were reconstructed into coronal and volume-rendered images. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of seven arteries were measured. Three radiologists assessed the image quality, and visibility of nine arteries on all the images. SNR and CNR values of SR images were significantly higher than those of UHR images (P < 0.001). The SR images have higher ratings in image noise (P < 0.001), but the FD_UHR_Bv56 and FD_UHR_Bv60 images has higher rating in vessel sharpness (P < 0.001). The overall quality was not significantly different among FD_VMI_40keV, LD_VMI_40keV, FD_UHR_Bv48, and LD_UHR_Bv48 images (P > 0.05) but higher than those of FD_UHR_Bv56 and FD_UHR_Bv60 images (P < 0.001). There is no significant difference of nine abdominal arteries among six series of images of axial, coronal and volume-rendered images (P > 0.05). To conclude, 1-mm SR image of VMI at 40-keV is superior to 0.2-mm UHR regardless of which kernel is used to visualize abdominal arteries, while 0.2-mm UHR image using a relatively smooth kernel may allow similar image quality and artery visibility when thinner slice image is warranted.
Analyzing the posterior predictive capability and usability of landslide susceptibility maps: a case of Kerala, India
Authors: Pareek Tanuj , Bhuyan Kushanav , van Westen Cees , Rajaneesh A. , Sajinkumar K. S. , Lombardo Luigi
Published: October 2024

Landslide susceptibility maps serve as the basis for hazard and risk assessment, as well as risk-informed land use planning at various spatial scales. Researchers create these maps aiming to fulfil a variety of purposes, including infrastructure planning and restrictive land use zoning. These applications require accurate and specific information to fulfil these purposes, as decisions based on these maps have the potential to cost lives and cause infrastructure damage. The usability of the maps depends on whether they provide the required information and their accuracy to be utilized for the intended purpose. Therefore, assessing the usability and predictive accuracy of landslide susceptibility maps is of paramount importance. Typically, the accuracy of the maps is evaluated using the same landslide inventory that was used to create the map, which does not actually test the predictive ability of the maps in future situations. In this study, we briefly reviewed the purposes of the map creation using literature and stakeholder interviews and assessed the accuracy of three landslide susceptibility maps in a posterior manner. We generated a multi-temporal landslide event inventory after the creation dates of these landslide susceptibility maps. We devised a method to evaluate classified maps by making use of Unique Conditions Units (UCUs) to compare the posteriorly predicted susceptibility classes and the new landslide occurrences. Interviews with stakeholders revealed a disconnection between the aims set forth by map producers and the specific needs of the end users. Our posterior assessment shows that overall predictions of the maps provide plausible results; however, their interpretations for different use cases make them less likely to be used. When comparing the maps using UCUs, landslide densities overlap between the different susceptibility classes, indicating low predictive performance of the maps. Direct comparison of all maps shows a low agreement between susceptibility classes, which pinpoints the uncertainties in data and methods used to create different maps. This study highlights the need for purpose-oriented landslide susceptibility mapping and posterior assessment of the predictive capabilities of these maps aiming to fulfil respective purposes.
Population genomics of a specialized insect, Tetraopes texanus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), across a fragmented grassland system
Authors: Franzem Thomas P. , Bucholz Jamie R. , Lozier Jeffrey D. , Ferguson Paige F. B.
Published: October 2024

Specialist insects are especially susceptible to loss of genetic diversity in the face of habitat destruction and fragmentation. Implementing effective conservation practices for specialist insects will benefit from knowledge of population structure and genetic diversity. Because insects are hyper-diverse, characterizing the population structure of all species within the insect community is untenable, even if focused within a particular habitat type. Thus, concentrating on a single species specialized to a particular habitat type is needed to infer general trends. Here, we investigate the range-wide population genetics of Tetraopes texanus Horn 1878 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), which provides a useful model of grassland insects due to its’ habitat specificity and unique biology. Tetraopes texanus occurs primarily in Texas and Oklahoma, into Northern Mexico, and possibly into eastern New Mexico but also occurs in Black Belt prairies of Mississippi and Alabama. Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA (RAD-seq) analysis identified two distinct population clusters of T. texanus corresponding to the Texas and Oklahoma population and the Mississippi and Alabama population. Demographic models indicate ongoing, though incomplete, isolation of the two populations, with estimated dates of divergence in the mid-Pleistocene, coinciding with the end of a glacial period and a shift in glacial interval. These results can inform conservation of grassland adapted insects and offers insight to the biogeography of the Gulf Coastal Plain.
Linking land use and precipitation changes to water quality changes in Lake Victoria using earth observation data
Authors: Nakkazi Maria Theresa , Nkwasa Albert , Martínez Analy Baltodano , van Griensven Ann
Published: October 2024

Due to the continued increase in land use changes and changing climatic patterns in the Lake Victoria basin, understanding the impacts of these changes on the water quality of Lake Victoria is imperative for safeguarding the integrity of the freshwater ecosystem. Thus, we analyzed spatial and temporal patterns of land cover, precipitation, and water quality changes in the Lake Victoria basin between 2000 and 2022 using global satellite products. Focusing on chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and turbidity (TUR) in Lake Victoria, we used statistical metrics (correlation coefficient, trend analysis, change budget, and intensity analysis) to understand the relationship between land use and precipitation changes in the basin with changes in Chl-a and TUR at two major pollution hotspots on the lake, i.e., Winam Gulf and Inner Murchison Bay (IMB). Results show that the Chl-a and TUR concentrations in the Winam gulf increase with increases in precipitation. Through increases in precipitation, the erosion risks are increased and transport of nutrients from land to the lake system, promoting algal growth and turbidity. In the IMB, Chl-a and TUR concentrations decrease with an increase in precipitation, possibly due to dilution, but peak during moderate rainfall. Interestingly, changes in land use and land cover (LULC) at 5-year intervals showed no substantial correlation with water quality changes at selected hotspots even though a broader LULC change analysis over the past two decades indicated a notable 300% increase in built-up areas across the Lake Victoria basin. These findings underscore the dominant influence of precipitation changes over LULC changes on the water quality of Lake Victoria for the selected hotspot areas.
Rove beetle species diversity and the patterns of interactions with their host plants in primary and secondary tropical forests
Authors: Rojas Diana M. Méndez , Márquez Juan , Navarrete-Heredia José L. , Martínez Falcón Ana Paola , Lobato-García J. Manuel , Benítez Malvido Julieta
Published: October 2024

In tropical disturbed forests, it is relatively unknown the extent insect communities are experiencing shifts in species diversity and the consequences for ecosystem functions and services. In southern Mexico, we used the rove beetle community associated to Heliconia wagneriana bracts, as a model system, to investigate differences in community attributes and feeding habits between old-growth and human induced secondary forests. We tested if the beta diversity components of rove beetle communities were influenced by forest type and bract traits. Furthermore, we described the topology of individual-based heliconia-rove beetle ecological networks. Overall, we recorded 26 rove beetle species with significantly greater abundance in secondary forests. High compositional dissimilarity between forest types was observed with saprophagous species being more likely detected in old-growth forests; whereas predatory species in secondary forests. Heliconia-rove beetle networks showed a significant nested pattern with incidence data for old-growth forests and incidence and abundance data for secondary forests. Compared to old-growth forests, the rove beetle community in secondary forests showed strong shifts in species composition, diversity and differences in the detection probability of feeding habits, with consequences for ecosystem functioning. We further discuss these findings according to the forest disturbance and phytotelm systems. Implications for insect conservation: Individuals of H. wagneriana represent biodiversity reservoirs for invertebrates, especially in human-modified landscapes.
Selective Incivility Toward Black Employees Fuels Social Pain Minimization and Defensive Silence
Authors: Benbow Kyle L. , Sawhney Gargi , Kunstman Jonathan W.
Published: October 2024

Workplace incivility disproportionately impacts Black employees and sets the stage for employee silence, where workers deliberately withhold information out of fear of retaliation and mistreatment. Although silence can have devastating effects on organizational communication and effectiveness, little research has considered mechanisms linking it to incivility, particularly among Black employees. The current work addresses these and other gaps in the empirical literature to test whether emotion invalidation, termed social pain minimization mediates incivility’s effect on defensive silence. Results from three studies, employing multi-wave and experimental designs, and centering the perspectives of Black employees supported this hypothesis. Black employees reported greater incivility and social pain minimization than White employees. Furthermore, incivility mediated the effect of employee race on social pain minimization (Study 1). Experimental manipulations of uncivil treatment increased expected social pain minimization and defensive silence and social pain minimization mediated incivility’s effect on silence (Study 2). Across a 6-week period, incivility predicted social pain minimization, which then mediated the relationship between incivility and defensive silence. These results provide evidence that in incivility’s wake, emotion invalidation can lead employees to withdraw and engage in defensive silence.
A Local Macroscopic Conservative (LoMaC) Low Rank Tensor Method for the Vlasov Dynamics
Authors: Guo Wei , Qiu Jing-Mei
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we propose a novel Local Macroscopic Conservative (LoMaC) low rank tensor method for simulating the Vlasov-Poisson (VP) system. The LoMaC property refers to the exact local conservation of macroscopic mass, momentum and energy at the discrete level. This is a follow-up work of our previous development of a conservative low rank tensor approach for Vlasov dynamics (arXiv:2201.10397). In that work, we applied a low rank tensor method with a conservative singular value decomposition to the high dimensional VP system to mitigate the curse of dimensionality, while maintaining the local conservation of mass and momentum. However, energy conservation is not guaranteed, which is a critical property to avoid unphysical plasma self-heating or cooling. The new ingredient in the LoMaC low rank tensor algorithm is that we simultaneously evolve the macroscopic conservation laws of mass, momentum and energy using a flux-difference form with kinetic flux vector splitting; then the LoMaC property is realized by projecting the low rank kinetic solution onto a subspace that shares the same macroscopic observables by a conservative orthogonal projection. The algorithm is extended to the high dimensional problems by hierarchical Tuck decomposition of solution tensors and a corresponding conservative projection algorithm. Extensive numerical tests on the VP system are showcased for the algorithm’s efficacy.
Optically stimulated luminescence properties of chicken eggshell derived hydroxyapatite for dosimetry applications
Authors: Panda Madhusmita , Joshi Shailesh , Annalakshmi O. , Venkatraman B.
Published: October 2024

This study investigated the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) characteristics of hydroxyapatite (HAp) derived from chicken eggshells, a readily available bio-waste, for low-level radiation dosimetry applications which is less explored. The eggshells were employed as a calcium source in HAp synthesis. The X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results confirmed its purity and crystallinity. The OSL properties of the synthesized HAp demonstrated excellent reproducibility, reusability, and dose linearity up to 20 Gy, with a measurable dose range of 22 mGy. The favorable OSL characteristics, combined with the utilization of waste materials, offer significant advantages for environmental and medical radiation monitoring.
Unusual relaxation phenomena in the 57Fe Mössbauer spectra of FeX3 (X = Cl, NO3, ClO4, MnO4, 1/2(S2O8)) complex salts containing urea, methylated urea, chlorido or aquo ligands: studies on the influence of the ligand sphere and deuteration
Authors: Béres Kende Attila , Kótai László , Kuzmann Ernő , Machala Libor , Novák Petr , Pápai Mátyás , Kubuki Shiro , Homonnay Zoltán
Published: October 2024

Mössbauer spectra of FeIII complex salts with urea-related ligands show a broadened line due to magnetic relaxation. The origin of the relaxation is not known, mostly spin–spin type is considered. A study of a large number of compounds can be helpful to show differences in the Mössbauer parameters and to see the infuence of the chemical environment on the relaxation. We have evaluated the Mössbauer spectra of 13 compounds recorded at various temperatures with the Blume–Tjon two-state relaxation model and with the (unrestricted) Afanasev–Gorobchenko model. The latter showed significant differences between some salts, and proved the presence of spin–lattice relaxation.

Graphical abstract
Portrait of the Artist as a Non-Artist. Matryoshka Roles and the Heteronomization of the Italian Art Field
Authors: Sabetta Lorenzo
Published: October 2024

This paper examines how Italian visual artists are now structurally encouraged to be proficient in performing activities unrelated to field-specific criteria, or – to use the words of one respondent – why they are supposed to “be good at being incredibly good at doing stuff they don’t know how to do.” Drawing on qualitative data (N = 135), four dimensions of unartistic yet binding concerns are explored: networking relationality, bureaucratic “callification,” systemic politics, and outward visibility. To analyze this dynamic, the concept of “Matryoshka roles” is introduced. Although uncharacteristic of artists’ work and nested inside its surface depiction (Matryoshka), each dimension entails a set of injunctions and sanctioned behavior (roles) that reconfigure the reality of contemporary visual artists and vitiate the separation between internal vs. external principles of hierarchization. Reflecting on the autonomy of the field of visual art as a transitory historical phase, mechanisms of fields’ heteronomization are addressed. By considering a series of factors (e.g., differences among early- and late-career artists, presence on social media, perception of heteronomous practices, most distinctive accomplishments, career junctions), the increasing pressure of meta-fields of economics, power, and state is detailed.
Development of microflow ultra high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomic assays for analysis of mammalian biofluids
Authors: Harwood-Stamper Annie J. , Rowland Caroline A. , Dunn Warwick B.
Published: October 2024

Introduction and objectives

The application of untargeted metabolomics assays using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) to study metabolism in biological systems including humans is rapidly increasing. In some of these studies there is a requirement to collect and analyse low sample volumes of biofluids (e.g. tear fluid) or low cell and tissue mass samples (e.g. tissue needle biopsies). The application of microflow, capillary or nano liquid chromatography (≤ 1.0 mm column internal diameter (i.d.)) theoretically should accomplish a higher assay sensitivity compared to analytical liquid chromatography (2.1–5.0 mm column internal diameter). To date, there has been limited research into microflow UHPLC-MS assays that can be applied to study samples of low volume or mass.

Methods

This paper presents three complementary UHPLC-MS assays (aqueous C18 reversed-phase, lipidomics C18 reversed-phase and Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)) applying 1.0 mm internal diameter columns for untargeted metabolomics. Human plasma and urine samples were applied for the method development, with porcine plasma, urine and tear fluid used for method assessment. Data were collected and compared for columns of the same length, stationary phase and stationary phase particle size but with two different column internal diameters (2.1 mm and 1.0 mm).

Results and conclusions

All three assays showed an increase in peak areas and peak widths when applying the 1.0 mm i.d. assays. HILIC assays provide an advantage at lower sample dilutions whereas for reversed phase (RP) assays there was no benefit added. This can be seen in the validation study where a much higher number of compounds were detected in the HILIC assay. RP assays were still appropriate for small volume samples with hundreds of compounds being detected. In summary, the 1.0 mm i.d. column assays are applicable for small volume samples where dilution is required during sample preparation.
Der KiTa-Fachkräftebedarf – eine Vorausberechnung bis zum Jahr 2035
Authors: Meiner-Teubner Christiane , Böwing-Schmalenbrock Melanie , Olszenka Ninja , Rauschenbach Thomas
Published: October 2024

Kindertageseinrichtungen haben in Deutschland einen beachtlichen Ausbau zu verzeichnen, der noch nicht abgeschlossen ist. Dennoch ist es lange Zeit nicht gelungen, eine bedarfsdeckende Anzahl an Plätzen bereitzustellen; inzwischen kommt ein hoher Fachkräftemangel hinzu. Vorausberechnungen zur Abschätzung des künftigen Platz- und Personalbedarfs erweisen sich vor diesem Hintergrund mehr denn je als ein unverzichtbares Planungs- und Steuerungsinstrument für die Kindertagesbetreuung. Entsprechende Berechnungen bedürfen dabei einer stetigen Weiterentwicklung unter Einbeziehung sich kurzfristig ändernder Entwicklungen und Dynamiken.

Der vorliegende Beitrag skizziert zunächst das Geflecht aus politisch und gesellschaftlich ausgelösten Prozessen im Kontext der Kindertagesbetreuung sowie den sich parallel dazu weiterentwickelnden Instrumenten evidenzbasierter Vorausberechnungen, die wichtiges Steuerungswissen für die verantwortlichen Akteur:innen liefern. Im Anschluss daran werden aktuelle Ergebnisse vorgestellt und die Analyseschritte erläutert, bei denen der Fachkräftebedarf für die Kindertageseinrichtungen in Ost- und Westdeutschland bis zum Jahr 2035 vorausberechnet wird.
Applying liquisolid technique to enhance curcumin solubility: a central composite design study
Authors: Aghajanpour Sareh , Yousefi Jordehi Shabnam , Farmoudeh Ali , Negarandeh Reza , Lam Matthew , Ebrahimnejad Pedram , Nokhodchi Ali
Published: October 2024

Turmeric, specifically its curcuminoids such as curcumin (C21H20O6), possesses extensive therapeutic benefits including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and anti-aging properties. However, curcumin’s clinical effectiveness is significantly limited by its hydrophobic nature, leading to poor bioavailability. This study aims to enhance the solubility and bioavailability of curcumin through the development of liquisolid compact dispersion formulations. To address curcumin’s limited water solubility (3.12 mg/l at 25 °C) and high oil–water partition coefficient ($$\text{log}Kow=3.29$$

log
K
o
w
=
3.29

), we employed a central composite design (CCD) to optimize liquisolid compact dispersion formulations. The optimization focused on the tablet’s physical properties, such as hardness, disintegration time, and dissolution rate at 30 min. Critical formulation components included Tween 80 as the liquid vehicle and Aerosil 200 as the coating material, serving as independent variables in the optimization process. The optimized formulation, containing 30 mg of Tween 80 and 75 mg of Aerosil 200, significantly improved curcumin’s dissolution rate. Experimental results confirmed the formulation’s effectiveness, with a marked reduction in the time to dissolve 63.2% of the drug to 165 min, compared to 300 min for conventional formulations. Differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier-transform infrared spectra indicated a transformation of curcumin into a non-crystalline state and the formation of hydrogen bonds with Tween 80, contributing to enhanced solubility. This study successfully demonstrates a viable strategy to enhance the bioavailability of curcumin through liquisolid compact dispersion formulations. By addressing the solubility challenges of curcumin, this technique presents a significant advancement in improving the clinical applicability of BCS class II and IV drugs, potentially benefiting a wide range of therapeutic applications.

Graphical abstract
Delving into preschool teachers’ revenge – a mediated-moderated model that explores the deeper nuances of hot and cold revenge among preschool teachers
Authors: Itzkovich Yariv
Published: October 2024

While revenge has captured the attention of researchers, certain nuances have been disregarded. Some studies have recognized the existence of two distinct forms of revenge — “hot” or “cold” — but the specific conditions underlying these variants have been overlooked. The present two studies delve into the boundary conditions that differentiate hot and cold revenge. By analyzing data collected from 172 and 107 preschool teachers in studies one and two, respectively, this research confirms the presence of both emotional (hot) and calculated (cold) revenge responses. Furthermore, it uncovers the mechanisms driving these two revenge types and identifies a trade-off between vertical solidarity motivated by pragmatic ambitions and revenge, representing divergent resource acquisition strategies. The findings' relevance for decreasing vindictive behaviours and future research avenues are discussed.
On the Suitability of Process Mining for Enhancing Transparency of Blockchain Applications
Authors: Hobeck Richard , Klinkmüller Christopher , Bandara H. M. N. Dilum , Weber Ingo , van der Aalst Wil
Published: October 2024

Blockchain technology is known for its transparency properties due to its publicly available, immutable data. Yet, as data availability does not inherently ensure transparency, further analytical methods may be required for human interpretation of data traces. Process mining has emerged as a popular toolbox for understanding processes and how they are executed in practice. The paper studies process mining as a method to enhance the transparency of blockchain data. To this end, two popular Ethereum applications were analyzed using process mining: the prediction and betting marketplace Augur and the network marketing platform Forsage. Observations from the process-mining analyses are used to discuss if process mining can serve as a method to establish transparency of a blockchain. For both applications, new insights are generated for usage scenarios such as application redesign, security analysis, user behavior analysis, and revealing blind spots in Augur’s and Forsage’s documentation. The paper concludes that there is evidence that process mining can serve as a method to enhance transparency in blockchains at the cost of technical setup and knowledge acquisition.
Unveiling Cervical Cancer Inequities Among Georgia Immigrant Latinas: A Robust Qualitative Examination of the Facilitators and Barriers to Prevention, with Emphasis on the Impact of Community-Based Organizations
Authors: Hernandez Natalie D. , Wilson Nicholas , Abah Theodora , Contreras Olga , Franklin Cheryl
Published: October 2024

This qualitative study delves into the facilitators and barriers surrounding cervical cancer prevention among Latina women in Georgia, with a specific focus on the impact of community-based organizations (CBOs). Employing semi-structured interviews with healthcare providers and representatives from CBOs, faith-based organizations, and other key stakeholders, the study uncovers key themes and subthemes shaping cervical cancer disparities. Themes such as challenges in cross-cultural healthcare access, difficulties due to lack of US citizenship, and limited mobility emerge as significant barriers, while community and family support stand out as crucial facilitators to cancer prevention. Additionally, the study examines community intervention methods from CBOs to target cervical cancer disparity, highlighting the importance of public awareness campaigns, building trust within the Latina community, and providing medical support tailored to immigrant populations. Through this comprehensive examination, the study not only offers invaluable insights into the intricate web of issues surrounding cervical cancer prevention but also endeavors to serve as a catalyst for targeted interventions and evidence-based policies aimed at ameliorating cervical cancer disparities among immigrant Latinas in Georgia and beyond.
Data Architectures in Cloud Environments
Authors: Plazotta Maximilian , Klettke Meike
Published: October 2024

Data architectures are an integral part for developing robust data pipelines. Cloud computing offers various features to build modern data architectures to power data engineering pipelines on a scalable, cost-effective, and secure level.

In this article we describe how cloud computing works in the field of data management. We start with brief explanations on cloud computing, general data architectures, and how both worlds fit together by introducing design principles, tools, and services for cloud data architectures.
Clays as Micro-Electrodes in Environmental Detoxification
Authors: Pamukcu Sibel
Published: October 2024

In-situ reduction of contamination in soil and groundwater is an ongoing challenge that often requires a multi-pronged approach for effective and efficient clean-up. Spontaneous or assisted electrochemical reactions that break down certain pollutants held on clay surfaces can render natural clays a unique and powerful ally in environmental mitigation of contaminated soils. Application of a low-level DC electric field (mV/cm) has been shown to facilitate transformation of some compounds and ionic species through redox reactions in addition to transporting them through the pores in wet clay soils. Results from previous tests suggest that the natural electrochemical processes that promote pollutant sloughing or chemical breakdown can be enhanced for targeted treatment by applying low-level electric field to the contaminated soil with clay content. The central idea of this hypothesis is that clay, due to its surface charge and electrostatic interaction with adjacent pore fluid, acts as a “micro-electrode” through the diffused double layer (DDL) interactions when subjected to an external electric field. This hypothesis, proven viable, may unlock potential ability of natural clays to generate beneficial reactions for detoxification of contaminated sub-surfaces. Evidence from past laboratory experiments accompanied by a proposed electrical model of clay behaving as a micro-electrode are presented in this paper. The laboratory experiment results support the proposed electrical model.
Clinical Evaluation of Violet Light Filtration and High-Resolution Lathing on a Diffractive Extended Depth of Focus IOL
Authors: Chang Daniel H. , Kao Andrew A. , Huggins Laura K. , Albert Jacqueline N. , Whinery Jacqueline N. , Camirand Brittany M.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

This study is a prospective, randomized, subject/evaluator-masked clinical trial in a single-center clinical setting. The purpose of the study is to compare the clinical performance of Tecnis Symfony Optiblue IOL (models ZXR00V and ZXW150) with violet light filter (VLF) and manufacturing improvements versus Tecnis Symfony IOL (models ZXR00 and ZXT150) with ultraviolet light filter (UVF) in patients undergoing cataract surgery.

Methods

Patients with cataracts aged ≥ 22 years were randomly assigned 1:1 to bilateral implantation with ZXR00V/ZXW150 (VLF group) or ZXR00/ZXT150 (UVF group). Key endpoints at 6 months postoperative included patient reported nighttime dysphotopsia symptoms, 25% low contrast visual acuity with glare, and patient satisfaction.

Results

Sixty patients were implanted with ZXR00V/ZXW150 (30) or ZXR00/ZXT150 (30). At 6 months, the VLF group did not show a statistically significant differences in mean monocular photopic uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCDVA), best-corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA), uncorrected near visual acuity (UCNVA) (40 cm), or distance-corrected near visual acuity (DCNVA) (40 cm) compared to the UVF group. At 1 month, patients in the VLF group reported significantly less difficulty due to halo (p = 0.016) and starburst (p = 0.028) symptoms. By the 6 months, dysphotopsia complaints were no longer significantly different between the groups. Although the VLF group trended toward better low contrast visual acuity and patient satisfaction, statistical significance was not reached.

Conclusions

Managing the patients’ expectations is key to achieving success. At the 1-month visit the patients who reported dysphotopsia complaints in the VLF group had significantly less difficulty with starbursts and halos as compared to the UVF group. By the 6-month visit, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the difficulty with starbursts and halos.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT06567834.
La chirurgia di affermazione di genere nei soggetti transgender assegnati al sesso maschile alla nascita (AMAB)
Authors: Selvaggi Gennaro
Published: October 2024

Sommario

Per “incongruenza di genere” si intende la condizione della persona cui è stato assegnato un genere specifico alla nascita ma che, durante lo sviluppo psicosessuale, si identifica in un genere diverso; ne può derivare una condizione di disagio, che prende il nome di “disforia di genere”. In questo articolo si elucidano il percorso chirurgico e le tecniche chirurgiche utilizzate per la riduzione della disforia di genere nelle persone assegnate maschi alla nascita (assigned male at birth, AMAB). Nello specifico, si presenta un aggiornamento su: femminilizzazione facciale, condrolaringoplastica e chirurgica vocale, mastoplastica additiva, clitorolabioplastica e orchiectomia.
Five key actions for redesigning adult skills assessments from learners, employees, and educators
Authors: Suárez-Álvarez Javier , Oliveri María Elena , Zenisky April , Sireci Stephen G.
Published: October 2024

Summative assessments provide data to evaluate the effectiveness of schools, teachers, and educational policies, contributing to a robust accountability system worldwide. However, educators and scholars argue that summative assessments do not effectively promote ongoing learning, enhance teaching practices, or align with the skills required in the workplace. Furthermore, traditional summative testing approaches lack culturally responsive practices and overlook the diverse needs of adult learners. This article summarizes research conducted through focus groups, interviews, and listening sessions to gain insight into learners’, employees’, and educators’ perceptions of assessment needs in adult education and workforce development in the United States. We conducted six focus groups, four interviews with diverse learners and employees, and two listening sessions with educators and administrators. In-person and online formats were used in Spanish and English. The results indicate that the backgrounds and needs of learners, employees, and educators in this study are diverse, but all agree there is a strong need for open assessment resources for mid- and lower-skilled and culturally diverse learners that provide them with useful information to help them achieve their personal and occupational goals. Educators in this study needed assessment information connected to the standards and curriculum that guide their instruction, and employees and their employers needed tools to identify and train adult learners for in-demand skills within industries and occupations. Assessing adult skills requires addressing these needs by designing tests that focus on learners’ characteristics and goals and are integrated with educators’ and employers’ needs and goals. The research findings suggest that assessments should be personalized to learners, integrated with instruction or job training, and embrace the cultural diversity of the adult learner population better to serve learners, employees, and educators.
Nanocarbon and medicine: polymer/carbon nanotube composites for medical devices
Authors: Prioriello Anna , Fazi Laura , Morales Pietro , Duranti Leonardo , Morte Davide Della , Pacifici Francesca , Tesauro Manfredi , Soccio Michelina , Lotti Nadia , Capozzoli Laura , Romanelli Giovanni , Tortora Luca , Licoccia Silvia
Published: October 2024

In view of wide-ranging application to the biomedical field, this work investigates the mechanical and electrical properties of a composite made of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNT) bundles self-grafted onto a poly-dimethyl-siloxane (PDMS) elastomer, particularly Sylgard 184, that has well assessed biocompatible properties and is commonly used in prosthetics. Due to the potential risks associated with the use of carbon nanostructures in implanted devices, we also assess the viability of cells directly grown on such composite substrates. Furthermore, as the stability of conductive, stretchable devices made of such composite is also crucial to their use in the medical field, we investigate, by different experimental techniques, the grafting of SWCNT bundles deep into PDMS films. Our findings prove that penetration of SWCNT bundles into the polymer bulk depends on heating time and carbon nanotubes can be seen beyond 150 μm from the surface. This is confirmed by direct electron microscopy observation of large bundles as deep as about 20 μm. The composites exhibit reliable mechanical and electrical responses that are more suitable to large and repeated deformation of the polymer with respect to thermoplastic based composites, suggesting a wide potential for their application to stretchable biomedical devices. Aiming at the proposed application of artificial bladders, a bladder prototype made of poly-dimethyl siloxane endowed with a printed SWCNT-based strain sensor was developed.