bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cyclical Patterns of Systemic Risk Metrics
Authors: Iossifov Plamen , Schmidt Tomas Dutra
Published: March 2021

We analyze a range of macrofinancial indicators to extract signals about cyclical systemic risk across 107 economies over 1995–2020. We construct composite indices of underlying liquidity, solvency and mispricing risks and analyze their patterns over the financial cycle. We find that liquidity and solvency risk indicators tend to be counter-cyclical, whereas mispricing risk ones are procyclical, and they all lead the credit cycle. Our results lend support to high-level accounts that risks were underestimated by stress indicators in the run-up to the 2008 global financial crisis. The policy implications of conflicting risk signals would depend on the phase of the credit cycle.
Mali
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Published: March 2021

This staff report proposes the modification of the performance criteria for end-December 2020 for the economic program supported by the three-year Extended Credit Facility (ECF) arrangement that was approved by the Executive Board on August 28, 2019. The modifications aim to accommodate the needed response to combat the COVID-19 pandemic and to adjust the end-December 2020 targets to take account of the impact of the pandemic shock.
Judge Bias in Labor Courts and Firm Performance
Authors: Cahuc Pierre , Carcillo Stéphane , Patault Berengere , Moreau Flavien
Published: March 2021

Does labor court uncertainty and judge subjectivity influence firms’ performance? We study the economic consequences of judge decisions by collecting information on more than 145,000 Appeal court rulings, combined with administrative firm-level records covering the whole universe of French firms. The quasi-random assignment of judges to cases reveals that judge bias has statistically significant effects on the survival, employment, and sales of small low-performing firms. However, we find that the uncertainty associated with the actual dispersion of judge bias is small and has a non-significant impact on their average outcomes.
Capital Markets, COVID-19 and Policy Measures
Authors: ElFayoumi Khalid , Hengge Martina
Published: March 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic and associated policy responses triggered a historically large wave of capital reallocation between markets and asset classes. Using high-frequency country-level data, this paper examines if and how the number of COVID cases, the stringency of the lockdown, and the fiscal and monetary policy response determined the dynamics of portfolio flows. Despite more dominant global factors, we find that these domestic factors played an important role, particularly for emerging markets and bond flows, contributing to a global wave of reallocation to safer asset classes. Our results indicate that rising domestic COVID cases had a strong positive effect on portfolio flows, which responded to an increase in financing needs in affected economies. Lockdown and fiscal policy measures also led to an increase in portfolio flows; however, evidence from the CDS market suggests that the increase in flows was dominated by supply forces, reflecting investors' preference for stronger policy responses. In contrast, we find that interest rate cuts led to a decline in portfolio flows as investors searched for higher yield. Finally, we show that COVID policy responses also affected countries' exposure to the global shock and that pre-COVID macroeconomic conditions, such as lower sovereign risk and higher trade openness, contributed to larger flows during the COVID episode.
Regional Disparities, Growth, and Inclusiveness
Authors: Floerkemeier Holger , Spatafora Nikola , Venables Anthony
Published: March 2021

We discuss regional disparities in economic performance and living standards. We first set out some key facts, and provide a conceptual framework to help analyze whether such disparities are efficient, or instead reflect market and/or policy failures. We examine whether policy attempts to reduce regional disparities necessarily involve a trade-off between equity and efficiency. We then investigate whether policymakers should focus on boosting the economic performance of lagging regions—or, conversely, accept the presence of regional disparities, and instead assist households in lagging regions through transfer payments, investments in education, health, and other basic services, and by facilitating out-migration.
The Impact of r-g on the Euro-Area Government Spending Multiplier
Authors: di Serio Mario , Fragetta Matteo , Melina Giovanni
Published: March 2021

We compute government spending multipliers for the Euro Area (EA) contingent on the interestgrowth
differential, the so-called r-g. Whether the fiscal shock occurs when r-g is positive or negative
matters for the size of the multiplier. Median estimates vary conditional on the specification, but the
difference between multipliers in the negative and positive r-g regimes differs systematically from
zero with very high probability. Over the medium run (5 years), median cumulated multipliers range
between 1.22 and 1.77 when r-g is negative, and between 0.51 and 1.26 when r-g is positive. We
show that the results are not driven by the state of the business cycle, the monetary policy stance, or
the level of government debt, and that the multiplier is inversely correlated with r-g. The calculations
are based on the estimates of a factor-augmented interacted panel vector-autoregressive model. The
econometric approach deals with several technical problems highlighted in the empirical
macroeconomic literature, including the issues of fiscal foresight and limited information.
Evaluating the results of an all-inside arthroscopic posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using hamstring tendon autograft
Authors: Nguyen Anh Tuan ,   Nguyen Quoc Dung, Mai Dac Viet, Mai Duc Thuan
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Introduction: The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) are important to ensure the stability of the knee joint. Both PCL and ACL can be injured, but PCL injuries are much less common than ACL injuries. In order to summarize the experience and improve the quality of treatment, we conducted the research with the aim is to evaluate the results of arthroscopic all-inside posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using hamstring tendon autograft.

Materials and methods: From June 2018 to December 2019, all patients who had posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) rupture treated with all-inside arthroscopy PCL reconstructions using semitendinous and gracilis autograft at the Joint Surgery Department of 108 Military Central Hospital were enrolled. The results were evaluated according to the Lysholm - Gilquist and IKDC - 2000 score.

Results: 28 patients were enrolled. The mean age was 34,1 years (range: 20 – 55 years old), the mean follow-up time was 15,8 months, good results accounted for 35,7%, fair: 57,1%, average: 7,2%.

Conclusions: In patients with PCL rupture, who were treated with arthroscopy

PCL reconstruction by all - inside technique, the results were good prospects.

However, it needs to assess more patients and to follow-up for long term.
Endoscopic thyroidectomy versus conventional open thyroidectomy for early differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Phan Hoang Hiep ,   Tran Ngoc Luong, Dinh Ngoc Trieu
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Endoscopic thyroidectomy has been applied prudently for malignant thyroid tumors. The aim of our study was to compare the outcomes of endoscopic lobectomy and conventional open lobectomy for early differentiated thyroid cancer.

Materials and Methods: From October 2018 to October 2019, 485 patients with early differentiated thyroid cancer underwent thyroid lobectomy in National hospital of Endocrinology enrolled. Of them, 235 patients underwent endoscopic lobectomy (EL) and 250 patients underwent conventional open lobectomy (OL).

Results: The mean age of the patients was lower in the EL group (22,3 ± 3,6 years) than in the OL group (31,0 ± 5,8 years, P = 0,013). The ratio female/male was higher in the EL group than in the OL group (12/1 vs 7/1, P = 0,002). The operation time in the EL group was longer than in the OL group (58,4 ± 12,9 vs 42,3 ± 9 minutes, P = 0,014). However, there was no significant differences between EL group and OL group in tumor size (1,2 ± 0,2 vs 1,1 ± 0,6, P = 0,123), blood loss (12,5 ± 0,9 vs 13,6 ± 1,6ml, P = 0,457), postoperative hospital day (4,35 ± 1,4 vs 4,1 ± 1,1 days, P = 0,061), transient hypoparathyroidism (0,85% vs 0,8%, P = 0,431) or transient recurrent laryngeal nerve injury (1,27% vs 1,2%, P = 0,311). The drainage volume in the EL group was higher than in the OL group (75,5 ± 11,4 vs 54,1 ± 10,1ml, P = 0,046). Postoperative bleeding was similar in two groups (0,42% vs 0,4%, P = 0,457). There was no postoperative complications such as permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, tracheal perforation, conversion to open surgery, chyle leak, surgical site infection. Patients in the EL group experienced with less pain than those in the OL group at 1 and 2 days after operation according to a visual analog scale (VAS) (P = 0,047). Wound site numbness is significantly less pronounced in the OL group (p = 0,032). Cosmetically, patients in the EL group were more satisfied than in OL group according to the questionnaire we used (P = 0,021).

Conclusions: Endoscopic thyroidectomy for patients with early differentiated thyroid cancer is a safe and effective procedure with excellent cosmetic outcome. Postoperative hospital length stays and complications were similar to conventional open surgery.
Evaluating early results of minimally invasive esophagectomy in abdominal surgery department II at National K Hospital
Authors: Doan Trong Tu ,   Hoang Le Minh
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Introduction: To evaluate early results of minimally invasive esophagectomy for esophageal cancer in Abdominal Surgery Department II at National K Hospital.
Materials and methods: 130 patients with esophageal cancer underwent thoraco-laparoscopic esophagectomy - also was known as minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) - and gastric - tube reconstruction in Abdominal Surgery Department II at National K Hospital from 10/2017 to 7/2020. Descriptive study, patients were observed during hospitalization.

Results: Mean age 56,8 ± 6,77 (min 35 - max 72), lymph node metastasis was 17,8%, T1 was 35,6%, T2 was 48,9% and T3 was 15,5%, squamous cell carcinoma accounted for 97,7%. Mean operative time was 226 ± 6 minutes, mean hospital stay was 15,2 ± 4,6 days, anastomosis leakage accounted for 6,1%, anastomosis stenosis was 15,3%, vocal cord palsy was 4,6% and pneumonia happened in 13,8%.

Conclusions: Esophagectomy is a major surgery procedure that could be perform by thoraco-laparoscopy with good result.
Effect of mineral fertilizers on the variability of phytochemicals in kale
Authors:   ООО ", Saakian Alexander ,   БАЛАНС ПРОФИ"
Published: March 2021

The effect of five mineral nutrients on the variability of the content of biochemical compounds, such as flavonoids, phenolic compounds, vitamin C, carotenoids and the antioxidant activity of kale (Brassica Oleracea var. sabellica) collected at the edible maturity stage. Manipulation of the phytochemical composition of the kale cabbage using mineral fertilizers was evident in the results achieved. The various mineral nutrients used had different effects on the content of the studied phytochemicals. The content of flavonoids and carotenoids did not decrease with any of the various mineral nutrients used. Contrary to recent research suggesting that rare earth elements are good stimulators of secondary metabolite accumulation, our results showed a decrease in the content of phenolic compounds in plants fertilized with neodymium. The total antioxidant activity increased under the influence of NPK and humate, which correlated with the highest content of soluble phenolic compounds and flavonoids in kale leaves. Low doses of N have a positive effect on these indicators. Mineral supplements of trace elements also had a stimulating effect on the accumulation of the studied substances. However, in addition to trace elements, a significant role is played by the presence of humic acids (in humate), which together with trace elements have the maximum stimulating effect on the content of the substances under study. Keywords: MINERAL FERTILIZERS, ANTIOXIDANT PHYTOCHEMICALS, PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS, CAROTENOID, ANTIOXIDATIVE ACTIVITY, VITAMIN C, FLAVONOIDS, BRASSICA VEGETABLES
Mise au point de la technique PCR multiplex pour le diagnostic génoty-pique de la myopathie de Duchenne à Oran : Etude de 5 cas de l’Ouest Algérien
Authors: BOULENOUAR Houssam , MOGHTIT Fatima-Zohra , MELLOUK Amine , BENLHADJ-DJELLOUL Khaldia , OUHAIBI DJELLOULI Hadjira , BENMANSOUR Mohamed , LARJAM HETRAF Sarah , ZEMANI FODIL Faouzia , SAIDI MEHTAR Nadhira , MEDIENE BENCHEKOR Sounnia
Published: March 2021

La Dystrophie Musculaire de Duchenne (DMD) est la plus sévère et la plus fréquente des dystrophies musculaires, atteignant une naissance mâle sur 5000 dans la popu-lation mondiale. Elle se caractérise par une dégénérescence musculaire progressive dès le jeune âge et conduit à des défaillances graves de l’organisme qui aboutissent au décès du patient.Le gène responsable de la DMD est localisé sur le chromosome X. Il code pour une protéine du cytosquelette membranaire « la dystrophine ». Les altérations touchant ce gène sont essentiellement des délétions avec une proportion de 65%. C’est la rai-son pour laquelle nous nous sommes intéressés à la mise au point au niveau de notre laboratoire d’une technique qui nous permettra de mettre en évidence ce type de mutation chez 5 cas sporadiques atteints de myopathie de Duchenne et originaires de l’Ouest Algérien. L’étude a consisté à amplifier par PCR multiplex les 19 exons du gène DMD les plus fréquemment altérés. Cette étude nous a permis de mettre en évidence deux délétions différentes, la première touchant le promoteur du gène et la seconde l’exon 43. Ces premiers résultats confirment les données rapportées dans la littérature qui classent ces deux régions comme étant les régions les plus disposées aux délétions.Les résultats obtenus représentent une première au niveau de l’ouest algérien et pourraient aboutir à la généralisation du diagnostic génotypique et du conseil géné-tique en vue d’une amélioration de la prise en charge des malades en Algérie.
L’autogreffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques non cryopréservées, un exemple de recherche clinique permettant une plus value en matière de soins : expérience de l’EHU 1er novembre d’Oran
Authors: BEKADJA Mohamed Amine
Published: March 2021

L’autogreffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques (CSH) est une technique thérapeutique, permettant d’utiliser les cellules souches du patient afin de contourner l’écueil de l’aplasie sévère post chimiothérapie. Son coût de revient très élevé l’a rendue inaccessible dans de nombreux pays et en particulier en Afrique où on n’en compte que six pays avec 16 centres par rapport à 679 en Europe, ce qui représente un déficit de 98%. En Algérie, la première greffe de cellules a été effectuée en 1998 au niveau du CPMC d’Alger. Le 2ème centre de greffe de CSH a vu le jour en 2009 à l’EHU 1er Novembre d’Oran et est devenu un centre de greffe à vocation nationale. Nous présentons dans ce travail, le cheminement de la mise en place de la procédure de greffe de cellules à Oran, selon les recommandations internationales et leurs adaptations selon les conditions locales de travail.
Fibrodysplasie ossifiante progressive : à propos d’un cas et revue de littérature
Authors: CHENTOUF Amina
Published: March 2021

Introduction La fibrodysplasie ossifiante progressive (FOP) est une maladie génétique extrêmement rare, caractérisée par une ossification hétérotopique des tissus musculaires et conjonctifs évoluant par poussées, pouvant conduire à la création d’un véritable deuxième squelette. La rareté de cette maladie est à l’origine d’une errance diagnostique de plusieurs années. La FOP est décrite essentiellement chez le jeune enfant, les cas à début tardif sont extrêmement rares. Observation Nous rapportons un cas de Fibrodysplasie ossifiante progressive à expression tardive avec une revue de littérature des aspects cliniques, radiologiques, génétiques, évolutifs et thérapeutiques.
Clinical and surface electromyography evaluation pre and post orofacial myology therapy
Authors: Ferrer Luiza , Tessitore Adriana , Machado Almiro ,   Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Sakano Eulalia
Published: March 2021

Purpose: The objective of this study is to observe the efficacy of orofacial myofunctional therapy in children who breathe through their mouths “mouth breathers” using a clinical assessment and surface electromyography. Method: 30 nasal breath (control group) and 30 mouth breathers (study group) were evaluated initially, and the study group was re-evaluated after 12 sessions of orofacial myofunctional therapy. Assessments involved the MBGR protocol and surface electromyography. Results: The control group had significantly better scores on all nasal breathing tests compared to mouth breathers both before and after therapy. However, mouth breathers demonstrated statistically significant improvements over time with therapy. Conclusion: After twelve orofacial myology therapy sessions, the mouth breathers improved but not to normal levels. Inadequate muscular strength remained for the required tasks suggesting that additional therapeutic intervention is needed or that therapeutic success is inhibited by a vertical craniofacial growth pattern.
The effect of an anti-slip surface on objective measures of tongue strength in healthy adults
Authors:   Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Solomon Nancy , Clark Heather
Published: March 2021

Purpose: Instrumental assessments of tongue strength have provided clinicians with the ability to obtain quantitative measures to document lingual weakness. A technical challenge with a common instrument is that the surface of the of the bulb-shaped sensor is smooth and can be slippery when contacted by the tongue. This study evaluated whether adding a textured layer to the bulb leads to enhanced strength measures in neurologically normal adults. Methods: Maximum-effort maneuvers for anterior and posterior tongue elevation, right and left tongue lateralization, and tongue protrusion were available from 62 healthy adults using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI). The IOPI tongue bulb was either bare or covered with a single layer of gauze. The maximum pressure (Pmax) exerted on the bulb from three trials was used as the outcome variable for each task. Results: In addition to significant main effects for both bulb-cover and task, there was a significant interaction between the use of gauze and the direction of the tongue-strength maneuver. Pmax was significantly greater when a gauze-covered bulb was used for tongue lateralization and protrusion but not for tongue elevation maneuvers. Conclusion: Using a single-layer of gauze on the smooth tongue-bulb helped reduce slippage of the tongue and resulted in greater Pmax values when evaluating tongue strength in the lateral and protrusive directions, but not for tongue elevation. Efforts to develop a more permanent solution to texturizing the bulb’s surface are needed.
Orofacial myofunctional therapy with children ages 0-4 and individuals with special needs
Authors: Merkel-Walsh Robyn
Published: March 2021

Purpose: The purposes of this paper are to 1) define variations in terminology and treatment methodology for orofacial myofunctional disorders (OMDs) in children 0-4 years of age and in special populations, and 2) compare and contrast service delivery models for children ages 0-4 and individuals with special needs versus older children and children who are neurotypical. Method: A literature review of scholarly articles, professional presentations, poster presentations, blogs, and social media were analyzed using three tiers of evidence-based practice to include: 1) clinical expertise/expert opinion; 2) external and internal evidence and 3) client/patient/caregiver perspectives. Results: Professional texts and publications used consistent language when discussing treatment of OMDs in young children and children with special needs. Terminology and treatment approaches for young children and/or children with special needs who present with OMDs were inconsistent in social media and professional presentations. Discussion: The treatment modalities used in orofacial myofunctional therapy to stimulate oral motor responses depend upon age and cognitive status. OMDs should certainly be treated in infants, young children and individuals with special needs according to the methods of the pediatric feeding specialist. Orofacial myofunctional therapy requires volitional control and self-monitoring; as such, it is contraindicated for infants and toddlers as well as those individuals who cannot actively engage in therapeutic techniques.
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Gejala Sick Building Syndrome (SBS)
Authors: Karlina Putri Maysi , Maharani Rafiah , Utari Dyah
Published: March 2021

Abstrak

Latar Belakang: Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) merupakan kumpulan gejala yang dirasakan oleh orang-orang yang berada di dalam gedung. Manusia menghabiskan 70-80% waktunya di dalam ruangan, hal tersebut dapat menyebabkan masalah kesehatan seperti kelelahan dan berdampak pada efektifitas pada pekerjaan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pendingin ruangan atau AC, ventilasi, pencahayaan, suhu, kelembaban, bising, umur, jenis kelamin, psikososial dan masa kerja dengan SBS.

Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan Studi Literature Review. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara penelusuran data dengan topik faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan sick building syndrome seperti pencahayaan dan suhu. Penelusuran dilakukan melalui Google Scholar tahun 2013 – 2020.

Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa AC, ventilasi, psikososial, pencahayaan, suhu, kelembaban dan kebisingan, umur dan jenis kelamin, serta masa kerja merupakan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan secara signifikan dengan Sick building syndrome.

Kesimpula: hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara SBS dengan pendingin ruangan atau AC, ventilasi, pencahayaan, suhu, kelembaban, bising, umur, jenis kelamin, psikososial dan masa kerja. Saran pekerja melakukan olahraga secara teratur dan tidak melakukan pekerjaan yang berlebihan. Instansi terkait melakukan pemeriksaan dan perawatan secara rutin peralatan dan perlengkapan kerja.

Factors Related to Sick Building Syndrome (SBS)

Abstract

Background: Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) is a collection of symptoms felt by people living in a building. Indoors, people spend 70-80 per cent of their time, this can cause health issues like fatigue and affect productivity in the workplace. The purpose is determine whether a relationship exists between air conditioners, ventilation, lighting, temperature, humidity, noise, age, gender, psychosocial and work period with sick building syndrome.

Methods: This Study is a literature review study. The study that tracks data of factors related to sick building syndrome like lighting and temperature. The data tracking with Google Scholar published in 2013-2020.

Result: The results showed that air conditioning, ventilation, psychosocial conditions, lighting, temperature, humidity and noise, age and sex, and years of service were all factors that were significantly associated with Sick Building Syndrome.

Conclusion: The study showed a relationship between air conditioners, ventilation, lighting, temperature, humidity, noise, age, sex, psycho-social and work period with sick building syndrome. Reccomended to workers do daily exercise and do not unnecessary work. Routine inspection and repair of equipment and materials for work is carried out by the company.
Hubungan Pola Makan dan Pengetahuan Gizi Seimbang dengan Gizi Lebih Mahasiswa STIKes Mitra Keluarga
Authors: Sagala Cristin Octaviani , Noerfitri Noerfitri
Published: March 2021

Abstrak

Latar Belakang : Pada masa remaja diperlukan kebutuhan gizi yang berbeda dengan masa kanak-kanak. Pemenuhan kebutuhan gizi remaja dipengaruhi faktor seperti pola makan dan pengetahuan tentang gizi. Pola makan dan pengetahuan gizi yang tidak baik dapat mempengaruhi status gizi pada remaja. Prevalensi overweight pada remaja berdasarkan IMT/U pada 2018 naik menjadi 13,6% dibandingkan tahun 2013 (11,5%), sedangkan yang mengalami obesitas juga mengalami kenaikan dari tahun 2013 yaitu sebesar 14,8 menjadi 21,8% pada tahun 2018. Studi ini ditujukan untuk menganalisis hubungan pola makan dan pengetahuan gizi seimbang dengan kejadian gizi lebih pada mahasiswa di STIKes Mitra Keluarga Bekasi.

Metode: Studi cross sectional dilakukan pada 161 mahasiswa STIKes Mitra Keluarga yang dipilih menggunakan teknik consecutive sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu kuesioner pengetahuan gizi seimbang dan Food Frequency Questionare (FFQ). Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi Square.

Hasil : Mayoritas sampel berjenis kelamin perempuan (94,4%), berusia 19 tahun (50,3%) dan berasal dari program studi S1 Keperawatan (43,5%) dan analisis bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-Square menunjukkan bahwa nilai p-value pada masing-masing variabel penelitian yaitu Pola Makan (0,831) dan Pengetahuan Gizi Seimbang (0,952).

Kesimpulan: Tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pola makan dan pengetahuan gizi seimbang dengan kejadian gizi lebih pada mahasiswa STIKes Mitra Keluarga Bekasi.

 

Diet and Balanced Nutrition Knowledge with Overnutrition of STIKes Mitra Keluarga Students

Abstract

Background: In adolescence, different nutritional needs are needed from childhood. Nutritional needs of adolescents can influenced by factors such as diet and knowledge of nutrition. Poor diet and nutritional knowledge can affect the nutritional status of adolescents. The prevalence of overweight in adolescents based on BMI/age in 2018 increased to 13.6% compared to 2013 (11.5%), while those who are obese also experienced an increase from 2013, which 14.8 to 21.8% in 2018. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between diet and knowledge of balanced nutrition with the incidence of overnutrition among students at STIKes Mitra Keluarga Bekasi.

Methods: Cross sectional study was conducted on 161 STIKes Mitra Keluarga students who were selected using consecutive sampling technique. The instruments used were a balanced nutrition knowledge questionnaire and the Food Frequency Questionare (FFQ). Data were analyzed using the Chi Square test.

Results: Majority of the sample was female (94.4%), 19 years old (50.3%) and came undergraduate of Nursing program (43.5%). Chi-Square test result indicated that the p-value for each research variable for diet was 0.831 and balanced nutrition knowledge was 0.952.

Conclusion: There was no significant relationship between diet and knowledge of balanced nutrition with the incidence of overnutrition among STIKes Mitra Keluarga Bekasi students.
Infraestructura natural para recuperación de servicios ecosistémicos con fines de mitigación de riesgos de inundación y movimientos de masa
Authors: Dongo Gustavo
Published: March 2021

El objetivo general del estudio es determinar las acciones que involucren infraestructura natural y las áreas aptas con fines de mitigación de riesgos de inundación y movimientos de masa en la cuenca del Río Rímac. Se evaluaron los factores que influyen de manera directa en la determinación de intervenciones y áreas óptimas con fines de mitigación de riesgos de inundación y movimientos de masa en cuencas hidrológicas mediante Técnicas de Evaluación Multicriterio y Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG), trabajo de campo, consultas a pobladores y autoridades de las Comunidades Campesinas del ámbito de la cuenca. Con la información obtenida mediante el Modelo de Capacidad de Acogida y utilizando información oficial y de WorldClim – GlobalClimate Data; se construyó una base de datos digital vectorial que incluyó altitud, pendientes, cobertura vegetal, precipitación, vigor de la vegetación, vías, riesgos geológicos, susceptibilidad a movimientos de masa, áreas agrícolas, áreas potenciales para plantaciones. El mapa resultante muestra las superficies aptas para intervenciones de infraestructura natural con fines de mitigación de riesgos de inundaciones y movimientos de masa en la cuenca Rímac.
Control de erosión durante la construcción de proyectos mineros - estudio de caso
Authors: Portocarrero José , Reynel Carlos
Published: March 2021

El presente artículo muestra el estudio de caso sobre los trabajos de control de erosión y estabilidad superficial de suelos llevado a cabo durante las actividades de operación de la carretera Conococha Antamina, específicamente en el tramo comprendido en los km 92 y 97, lugar donde se ubica la laguna Canrash. El estudio se llevó a cabo con la data de los años 2005 al 2007. La Compañía Minera Antamina, implemento los distintos controles físicos tales como uso de muros de roca, mallas geo sintéticas, canales de derivación de aguas, berma de asentamiento y pozas de sedimentación; químicos con el uso de floculantes y coagulantes; biológicos, como la siembra manual e hidrosiembra para evitar que los sedimentos generados por el arrastre de la escorrentía superficial afecten la calidad del agua de la laguna. La eficiencia de estos sistemas de control, se midieron mediante el Total de Solidos Suspendidos (TSS) al ingreso como a la salida del sistema donde debía estar por debajo de 50mg/l de acuerdo con la normativa vigente. Los resultados mostraron una reducción en los niveles de TSS a la salida del sistema durante los años 2005, 2006 y 2007, los cuales en promedio se redujeron de 21.88 a 5.76 mg/l el 2005; de 19.60 a 6.95 mg/l el 2006 y de 40.84 a 10.52 mg/l, demostrando la eficiencia de los sistemas empleados Palabras clave: Erosión, floculantes hidrosiembra, berma de asentamiento, mallas geo sintéticas, revegetación.
COVID-19: ¿Acelera la transformación digital?
Authors: Velásquez Jimmy
Published: March 2021

El gobierno de cada país es promotor de emprendimientos y oportunidades para todos, que generen crecimiento económico igualitario en la sociedad, pero la realidad peruana y de muchos países es que el mayor porcentaje son micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas, las cuales son poco sostenibles en el tiempo y aún más sensibles a situaciones de coyuntura global como la pandemia del Covid-19 iniciada en el año 2,020. Desde antes de esta coyuntura creada por el Covid-19, en foros internacionales y nacionales bajo el marco de del Plan Nacional peruano de Competitividad y Productividad 2019-2030, señalan a las tecnologías de la información o tecnologías digitales como buena estrategia de innovación empresarial para promover un entorno competitivo menos desigual y con mayor productividad y por tanto más rentable para todas las empresas sin importar su tamaño.Ahora, en tiempos del Covid-19, está más vigente la adopción de tecnologías digitales y de implementar en toda organización sin importar el tamaño, la tan necesaria Transformación Digital que permitirá a las empresas no solo agregar valor a sus clientes sino sobrevivir como negocio y ser más rentable. Esta coyuntura definitivamente está promoviendo de forma acelerada la adopción de tecnologías de mejor manera en todas las empresas y ampliando la experiencia digital en los clientes.
Military Expenditures and Health Outcomes: A Global Perspective
Authors: Gillani Seemab , Shafiq Muhammad Nouman , Ahmad Tusawar Iftikhar
Published: March 2021

Health has a major contribution in attaining better human capital and wellbeing both at the individual as well as at country levels. Although military spending may boost economic growth through multiplier and spillover effects, yet tradeoffs exist between military expenditures and health outcomes. Grossman (1972) explains health as output which depends on many input variables. By covering a panel of 156 countries ranging from the time period 1970 to 2014, this study incorporates military expenditures, GDP per capita, urbanization, access to the improved drinking water source, number of physicians, and secondary school enrollment as determinants of health (life expectancy and infant mortality). OLS, fixed effects, random effects, and system GMM have been used as estimation techniques. The study reveals that countries with low military expenditures have a comparatively high life expectancy and low infant mortality as compared to countries with high military expenditures. Robustness of results was checked through sensitivity analyses performed on the bases of determinants of health, international geopolitical scenario, and the development status of the country. The evidence of sensitivity analysis suggests that overall results are robust in life expectancy model but somehow sensitive in case of infant mortality. The study affirms the explicit tradeoff between military expenditures and welfare spending and concludes that hefty defense expenditures lower life expectancy and enhance infant mortality.
The Role of Technological Advancement in Agriculture Sector on Economic Growth of Pakistan
Authors: Hashmat Afsheen , Ghouse Ghulam
Published: March 2021

This study is designed to explore the role of technological advancement in agricultural sector in the context of economy of Pakistan. The data set are based on the period from 1972 to 2019. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bound testing employed to identify the short run and long run relationships between the technological advancement in agricultural sector and gross domestic product. The Granger causality also applied to find out the direction of causal relationships. The ARDL cointegration results indicates that there is positive relationship between technological advancement in agricultural sector and gross domestic product in short run and long run. The Granger causality results also indicate that the GDP growth also Granger cause the agriculture technology. And stability tests show that the model CUSUM and CUSUM of squares indicate that models are valid. The results suggest that technological advancement in agricultural sector has positive impact on GDP in case of Pakistan economy. Technological advancement in agricultural sector strengthens the Pakistan’s economy. There is need to pay more attention by the government administration to provide technological facilities in agricultural sector, properly and efficiently to get more benefits which ultimately enhance the agriculture growth and development of Pakistan’s economy.
Factors Determining Poverty and Child Mortality in Pakistan
Authors: Latif Muhamamad Mehran , Ashraf Muhammad Farhan , Zeeshan Muhammad
Published: March 2021

The objective of the study was to check the factors determining poverty and child mortality in Pakistan. We used secondary data, collected from various economic surveys and the World Bank. OLS technique used to find the relationship between variables. Consumer Price Index (CPI), GDP growth, number of hospitals, and unemployment used as independent variables. For poverty, female literacy rate, male literacy rate, immunization, and GDP growth used as independent variables for child mortality. The study showed that CPI, GDP growth, and the unemployment rate have a positive relationship with poverty whereas the number of hospitals has a negative relationship with poverty. Furthermore, the study revealed that the female literacy rate has a negative impact on infant mortality while the male literacy rate has no significant impact on the infant mortality rate. Immunization has a negative and significant relationship with the infant mortality rate. GDP growth has a positive impact on the infant mortality rate due to high inequality in Pakistan. Authors recommended that parental education, water quality, and motivation to mothers to utilize health facilities can play an important role to reduce poverty and child mortality.
Sectorial growth, Exchange rate and Fiscal policy in Developing Economies: The Interlinkages
Authors: Fazal Snober , Bhatti Muhammad Azhar , Ahmad Tusawar Iftikhar
Published: March 2021

The study examined the interdependence of sectorial growth, exchange rate and fiscal policy by simultaneous equation model for 50 developing economies over the time period of 2000 to 2014. Industrial GDP, service sector GDP, exchange rate, tax revenue are endogenous variables, while capital formation, foreign direct investment, trade, inflation, foreign aid, external debt and money supply are instruments. The study has 4 system of equations and estimated by simultaneous equations models (SEMs) through three-stage least squares (3SLS) estimator presented by (Zellner & Theil, 1962), the result of the study indicates that sectorial growth and fiscal policy have positive relation because tax exemption or reduction generate great impact on sectoral growth. Sectorial growth and exchange rate have a positive relation. The study also indicates that the exchange rate and fiscal policy are negatively related. An increase in government expenditure (spending) shows a decrease in the exchange rate. So the government of developing economies should increase revenues from non-tax sources instead of taxes, an increase in taxes decrease the exchange rate and ultimately increased in the sectoral growth.
The Review of Management Control System, corporate Strategy and Firm Performance
Authors: Usman Aliyu Shehu , Masunda Tariro , Sabo Ahmed
Published: March 2021

Management control system (MCS) and corporate strategy play vital roles in achieving organization set objectives. For it to be effective, management must align and integrate these concepts in their business models. The study seeks to investigate whether a relationship exists between corporate strategy, MCS and organizational performance. To achieve these objectives, the study employs the use of literature review approach. The study found that a positive relationship does exist between these three variables. The consensus is that these three constructs complement each other to result in superior corporate performance. The study recommends that management must align its MCS to suit their business strategies in order to enhance organizational performance.
Does Social Media Advertising Features Matter An Investigation of Consumer Purchase Intention
Authors: Shah Hafiz Wajahat Ali , Khan Imran , Hameed Abdul
Published: March 2021

Social media is continuously used as a platform for marketing and advertising. Firms have spent a lot of seasons, cash and property on Social media ads. However, it is all the time stimulating how Firms can prepare Social media advertising to fortunately engage and inspire a consumer to purchase their brands. The purpose of this research is consequently to describe and check the key elements of Social media advertising that force anticipate the buy intention. The theoretical model was expected on the foundation of three factors from the expansion of the Unified Theory Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) (Performance expectancy, Hedonic motivation and Habit) along with Interactivity, Informativeness and Perceived relevance. The data was composed using a questionnaire survey of 260 participants. The most important results of structural equation modelling (SEM) mainly sustained the validity of the current model and the significant impact of Performance expectancy, Hedonic motivation and Interactivity, Informativeness, and Perceived relevance on purchase intentions. Confidently, this study will produce a set of theoretical and practical instruction on how marketers can successfully plan and apply their ads through Social media platforms.
Burnout Among Business Students and Its Impact On Academic Performance
Authors: Ahmed Habib , Shah Syed Moin ud Din
Published: March 2021

Purpose: Purpose of this research is to check the impact of Burnout among with Work Load and Stress on the Academic Performance of the university and thus then the ways to cope up with the burnout and then to get maximum academic performance.

Design/Methodology/Approach: Total of 750 students were taken as population of this research and sample of 250 students were taken and distributed the questionnaire.  The responses were get back from 150 students to analyze through the SPSS.

Findings: This study find out there exist a significant strong inverse relationship among Work Load, Stress, Burnout and Academic Performance. Like Academic performance will gets decrease if Burnout, Work Load and Stress will be more.

Limitations: The sample size chosen for this research is very small and the time taken for this study was very limited.
Reviving Fish Wealth in Oman Through Underwater Technology
Authors: Al_raiisi Laila said , Saqib Mohammad
Published: March 2021

This electronic paper looks to revive fish wealth through underwater technology in finding a suitable and efficient way of fishing and marine wealth, which involves a feasibility study after critical thinking, research interview methodology and shows research purpose. This paper also includes a theoretical framework based on the literature review and critical analysis of strategic decision-making models that may impact fisheries strategies. A development strategy is the ability to understand the nature of the problem and then evaluate it by analyzing and identifying the planned solutions as an active environment. Ultimately, in designing an adequate and efficient underwater technology system for exploiting fish wealth in Oman, I will provide living examples of best practices in the world about this aspect. There are some potential approaches and how to handle the future of fisheries.
Debt Financing Management: The Modes of Debt Financing for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SEMs) in Pakistan
Authors: Hameed Waseem Ul , Mohammad Hisham Bin , Iqbal Javed , Razzaq Shazma , Maqbool Nadeem
Published: March 2021

Purpose – The basic purpose of this paper is to analyze the debt financing of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Pakistan through different modes from conventional and non-conventional (Islamic) institutes.

Design/Methodology/Approach – Data is publicly available on databases and websites about debt financing of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) of Pakistan, thus data is collected from these databases and websites in the form of articles and handbooks about Pakistan.

Findings – It is found from the analysis that a lot of financing choices and modes are available for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Pakistan. These modes are provided by both conventional and non-conventional (Islamic) financial institutes. All the debt modes are discussed in the paper. In addition, there are some drawbacks of debt financing that arises from conventional and non-conventional (Islamic) financial institutes, which alleviate small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) from adopting these modes

Research Limitations/Implications – Some financial institutes, especially banks, lack knowledge and information about small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Pakistan. Banks could lessen it by acting as a mediator for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).

Originality/Value – This review paper's main contribution is to analyze the contribution of financial institutes in debt financing small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Pakistan. Paper discusses all the modes available for the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Pakistan thoroughly through conventional and non-conventional (Islamic) financial institutes.
The Impact of Human, Structural, and Relational Capital on Product Development Performance in Manufacturing Organizations in Indonesia: Mediating Role of Organizational Learning Capabilities and R&D Resources
Authors: Patwary Ataul Karim , Fauzan Fauzan
Published: March 2021

Recently, product development and its performance are the essential elements for the business organization that could enhance the firm performance and attains researchers' intentions. Therefore, the present study examines the impact of human, structural and relational capital on product development performance in manufacturing organizations in Indonesia. The goals also include examining the mediating role of organizational learning capabilities and R&D resources among the nexus of human, structural and relational capital and product development performance in manufacturing organizations in Indonesia. The study's quantitative data collection methods have been adopted and collect the data by using survey questionnaires. The smart-PLS, a useful statistical tool, has been employed for analysis purposes. The findings revealed that human, structural and relational capital have positive nexus with product development performance. The outcomes also show that organizational learning capabilities and R&D resources mediate the nexus of human, structural, and relational capital and product development performance in Indonesia's manufacturing organizations. These findings provide the guideline to the regulators that they should take valuable capital development and learning capabilities that could enhance the product development performance and firm performance.
Macroeconomic Determinants of Stock Price Variations: An Economic Analysis of Kse-100 Index
Authors: Hussain Altaf , Rafique Musrat , Khalil Ambar , Nawaz Maryam
Published: March 2021

The main objective of this study is to assess the macroeconomic determinants of stock price variability in Pakistan. The quarterly data on macroeconomic variables (Gross Domestic Product, Foreign Direct Investment, Interest Rates, Exports, Money Supply and Unemployment Rate) and KSE-100 Index as proxy of stock price variation for the period of 1992:01 to 2012:04 is taken for the empirical investigation. Johansen co-integration test and VECM is used for this purpose. The analysis of this study specifies that the foreign direct investment, interest rates, export and unemployment rate have significant and negative impact on KSE-100 index, while money supply has found to be a significant and positive determinant of stock prices. On the other hand gross domestic product have a positive but insignificant impact on stock prices in Pakistan.
MACROECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF NON-PERFORMING LOANS (NPL): EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN
Authors: Hussain Altaf , Khalil Ambar , Nawaz Maryam
Published: March 2021

This analytical study investigates the determinants of non-performing loan in Pakistan. Secondary data is used in this study. The data is collected through World Bank Databank, international financial statistics and various issues of economic survey of Pakistan. The issue of Non-Performing Loan is one of the clusters of financial problems in Pakistan. No one can deny the importance of financial sector in any economy. In this study we find the macroeconomic factor that surge the NPL. We also suggest some strategies to cutback the non-performing loans. Current study uses the time series data of Pakistan, ranging from 1990 to 2013. Ordinary least square (OLS) method is used to investigate the problem. The dependent variable is non-performing loan and independent variables are exchange rate, interest rate, GDP, share prices, energy crisis, exchange rate and energy crisis. GDP has significant relationship with NPL and interest rate, share prices have insignificant relationships with NPL. A positive link has established between non-performing loans and various independent variables like energy crisis, exchange rate, interest rate, share prices. But on the other hand a negative relationship has been found between dependent variable and GDP.