bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Fault Diagnosis Method of Support Vector Machine Based on Kernel Fuzzy C-Means Membership
Authors: Zheng Jin Chu , Qin Yong
Published: December 2014

The rolling bearing is widely used in rail vehicles. The detection and diagnosis of the bearing is of great theoretical value and practical significance. The fault diagnosis method of support vector machine (SVM) based on kernel fuzzy C-means (KFCM) membership degrees can have very good results. Support vector machine based on statistical learning theory do well in terms of classification .This method clusters according to the sample membership degrees and puts data into nuclear space. It can highlight samples of differences in features. The training sample size has been greatly reduced, while training speed and the rate of correct classification is improved. The experiment results show that this method is feasible.
Generator-Side Converter Control Strategies of Synchronous Wind Turbines Based on the MPPT
Authors: Chen Cong , Liu Hui , Li Shu Shan , Gao Shao Jie
Published: December 2014

Traditional wind turbine converter uses wind speed sensors to measure wind speed as a control conditioning signal, but it makes the measured wind speed have some delay, which affecting the response speed of motor control.For this purpose this paper presents a new control strategy of synchronous permanent magnet wind generator-side converter.By using the combination of hill-climbing searching algorithm and synchronous motor vector control of decoupling to realize the maximum wind capture and variable speed constant frequency control. The simulation results validate the rapidity and feasibility of the control method. And it shows that the control strategy can be quickly and accurately to achieve control objectives. It also omits wind speed measuring sensor and reduces cost compared with traditional control strategy.
Regional Wind Energy Resource Forecasting Based on SVD and Support Vector Machine
Authors: Zhou Hai , He Jie Qiong , Chen Zhi Bao
Published: December 2014

The aim of this paper is to forecast short term variation of the regional wind energy resource based on the data captured from several wind measuring stations. Firstly, the main spatial patterns are extracted by SVD (singular value decomposition) method, and then the time coefficient series corresponding to principal spatial patterns are processed and forecasted by SVM (support vector machine). Furthermore, according to the SVD method, the new forecasted time coefficient series are used to inversely calculate the wind speed in the future. Finally, the validity and performance of this forecasting method is tested in case study.
Detached Eddy Simulation of the Flow over Bolund
Authors: Liang Si Chao , Zhang Xiao Dong , Kang Shun , Zhao Yong Feng
Published: December 2014

Detached eddy simulation (DES) with wall function was used in the flow simulation over complex terrain. Bolund Island with an almost vertical upstream escarpment was simulated, which has abundant measurements. Different density grids with the same size domain were employed. Flow structure details and good results can be obtained when the grid size is a twentieth or smaller than the height of the island in large separation region, when using central scheme. DES has better performance than RANS in large separation region.
Time Sequence Coordination Frequency Control Strategy Design of Wind Farm
Authors: Xu Zhi , Wang Hong Tao , He Cheng Ming
Published: December 2014

For the rotor speed of variable speed wind turbine (VSWT) is decoupled from system frequency, the system equivalent rotary inertia and primary frequency control ability are decreased with wind power penetration growing continuously. To solve the problems, VSWT with additional frequency control was studied. The dynamic characteristics of input and output power of VSWT during participating in system frequency regulation are analyzed. The relationships between the active power increments and the duration of VSWT participating frequency control are quantified. A coordination frequency control strategy base on time sequence control is proposed. According to the control strategy, the VSWTs can participate in frequency regulation depending on the coordination of wind speed, power increments and duration. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy, which can make full use of the frequency regulation ability of VSWTs as well as minimize the negative effects on system frequency.
Strategy for Grid-Connection Control of Photovoltaic System
Authors: Wang Ju Bo , Yang Xiu , Bao Wei , Xu Wen Li
Published: December 2014

With more and more photovoltaic systems connected to the grid, a strategy for grid-connection control is proposed. The topology of PV inverter and photovoltaic inverter and the active and reactive power decoupling control of photovoltaic system are analyzed. The feasibility and effectiveness of the strategy for grid-connection control is verified by simulation and experiment by the case on the RTDS.
Research of Large LNG Tank Structure
Authors: Li Ting Ke , Li Jia Di , Xiao Li Fu , Li Wei
Published: December 2014

In recent years, the demand of Large LNG storage tank increases over time, but large LNG cryogenic storage tank has not yet established a series of standards and norms, and tank construction technology is also lagging behind. Aiming at the design of the tank form a single, smaller, did not tackle the issue of, this paper mainly discusses from Large LNG tanks, such as type, material selection, structure ,size optimization and so on, which can provide reference for independent construction of storage tank.
Investigation into the Application Prospects of Energy Storage Technologies Proposed for West Inner Mongolia Power Grid
Authors: Gong Wei Wei , Xin Dong Hao , Wang Bo , Cong Yu , Li Chao
Published: December 2014

Rapid increasing of installation capacity in west Inner Mongolia in the past years, especially in wind, PV and other renewable energy has bring new problem, such as accommodation ability of power market, the security and stability issues of the gird, etc. The energy storage technique is given more attention recently and proposed to apply to effectively improve the power resources redistribution and the accommodation ability of the intermittent energy, such as wind and solar power. Analysis suggest that the efficient use of energy storage technologies can help to enhance the stability of West Inner Mongolia power grid, reduce system spinning reserve, and help to improve grid management and power dispatch as well. It is of momentous significance for the development of West Inner Mongolia power grid.
The Study of Fuel-Saving Technology of GSI
Authors: Xu Jun Hui , Gao Ming Qiu , Gao Ji Qiang , Bao Xiang
Published: December 2014

In the background of the main technologies of fuel economy in automobiles developed to a certain stage, it is necessary to reduce fuel consumption and increase the engine efficiency by developing other auxiliary technologies such as improving the ratio of pure energy drive, low rolling resistance tires, tire pressure monitoring system and gear shift indicators (GSI). This article introduces the principle of GSI, analyses how GSI works in improving engine efficiency, and then evaluates the method for determination of the relative saving rate of fuel consumption, which method was introduced in the EU regulation EC No. 65/2012.
Efficiency Analysis of Low-Grade Energy Recovery System Based on Scroll Expander
Authors: Wang Ji Dai , Si Gang Tian , Wei Jun Ying
Published: December 2014

A new energy recovery system based on scroll expander is presented according to the characteristics of low-grade energy in this paper. It is discussed for the expression of the system efficiency and its influential factors with the method of Exergy Analysis. And the influence curves of relationship between the expander’s inlet pressure and system efficiency are obtained through computer simulation and laboratory experiments. The test result of the comparison of different the recycling system shows that the recycling method based on scroll expander is more efficiently than others in the area of recycling low-grade energy.
Research on Application of Energy Storage Technology in Renewable Energy Source Generation
Authors: Chen Jun , Guo Chun Lin
Published: December 2014

With the reserves of coal and other fossil energy decreasing, renewable energy sources (RES) will become the main power source of future power system. In order to ensure stable supply of RES generation and to improve efficiency of system, energy storage technology will play a more and more important role in power system. In this paper, we discussed the importance and characteristics of various energy storage technologies with battery and super capacitor energy storage technology as examples. Then we elaborated the principles and important effects of energy storage technologies in RES generation. Finally, using PSCAD to build the simulation model of grid connected RES generation and storage technology to obtain the effect of energy storage technologies. Results show that the energy storage devices can effectively alleviate the fluctuation of RES.
Study on Charging and Discharging Characteristics of Energy Storage System in Wind Storage Power Plant under the Condition of Black Start
Authors: Sun Feng , Zhao Yi , Wang Gang , Lu Xiao Xu
Published: December 2014

Grid black start refers to the process that power with self-start ability starts and leads the restart of the entire grid in "full blackout" status. In this paper, it selects the wind power plant containing energy storage device as the black-start power to study the charging/discharging problems of VRB in the self- start process in wind field.
Polyaniline@MnO2/Graphene Oxide Ternary Composites for Electrochemical Supercapacitors
Authors: Pan Chao , Dong Li , Gu Hai Teng
Published: December 2014

We introduced a facile method to construct new ternary hierarchical nanocomposites by combining MnO2coated one dimensional (1D) conducting polyaniline (PANI) nanowires with 2D graphene oxide sheets (GOs). The hierarchical nanocomposite structures of PANI@MnO2/Graphene oxide were further proved by XRD, SEM and TEM measurements. The ternary composites possessed higher electrochemical capacitance than each individual component as supercapacitor electrode materials.Such intriguing electrochemical performance is mainly attributed to the synergistic effects of MnO2, PANI and GOs. The hierarchical ternary nanocomposites show excellent electrochemical properties for energy storage applications, which evidence their potential application as supercapacitors.
Chemical Kinetic Research on Flame Characteristics of Ethylene under High CO2 Concentration Atmosphere
Authors: Zhou Dan Dan , Li Chong Jiu , Zhao Ran , Xia Dong Sheng
Published: December 2014

A numerical study was conducted to understand the flame characteristics of ethylene under O2/CO2 atmosphere by detailed chemical kinetic models. Special interest is focused on the effects of CO2 on flame propagation velocity and ignition delay. A modified reaction mechanism was established, and the ability of the reaction scheme was evaluated through comparison with well-defined laboratory data in the literature. A key result of the study is that the flame temperature and flame speed are significantly reduced because of the chemical and thermal effects of CO2. The most important reactions as well as the dominant reaction steps under both O2/CO2 atmosphere and air atmospheres were also studied. It can be concluded that although the main reaction paths of fuel oxidation under both atmospheres are quite similar, the most important elementary reactions are different from each other. Besides, the same reactions assume great importance for ignition under air atmosphere become less qualified under O2/CO2 atmosphere.
Corrosion Failure Analysis and Corrosion Performance Comparison of Condenser Copper Tubes
Authors: Zhang Jian Liang , Liang Lei , Li Xiao Li , Liu Shi Hong , Zhao Yang
Published: December 2014

This template analyzed the refrigerator condenser copper tube TP2 corrosion failure reason and compared the corrosion resistant performance of copper tube TP2, brass tube HSn70-1 and Cu-Ni tube B10. Copper tube corrosion is mainly caused by high concentrations of chloride, dirt and water scouring accelerated the corrosion process. The corrosion resistant performance of three copper tube is close to and unsuitable for the cooling water of the high salt content. A better corrosion resistance of stainless steel tube should be used as the replacement and needs to keep the purity of the heat exchange tube. For cooling water which easily causes fouling, the inside tubes should be smooth.
Study on Automatic Control Method of Photovoltaic Power Systems
Authors: Zhang Hua Long , Zhang Er Hong
Published: December 2014

Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm directly affect the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic power generation system independent of energy, the thesis of common strengths and weaknesses of the MPPT algorithm to summarize, the traditional method of perturbation and observation maximum power point tracking algorithm is improved and build a simulation model, the simulation model are direct and network controllers and input grid and grid-independent photovoltaic power generation system model of network simulation, and network time from both the grid conditions, and the impact of current network waveforms and grid voltage waveform analyzed. Simulation results observed with the conventional perturbation method were compared and analyzed to verify the effectiveness of the improved method.
Study on Solar Photovoltaic Tracking System Based on Servo Control
Authors: Zhang Wei Jing
Published: December 2014

The demand on resource is increasing when human beings have entered the 21st century, as the one-time fossil fuels get mined-out, such as coal, natural gas and petroleum the energy crisis has become a central issue. Because the solar energy density is small and the solar orientation changes over time, it’s difficult to collect, transmit and store the solar energy. Therefore, the utilization of solar energy is improved by using the technology of high-power condenser and automatic tracking, and the scope of solar energy application is also expanded. Tracking photovoltaic system be made of sun sensor, automatic tracking control system, the tracking actuator, solar panel, battery. With the guidance of the sensor, the control system can accurately track the position of the sun, so that the solar panel is always vertical to sunlight, to maximize use of eventually reaching solar efficiency. Data show that the utilization efficiency of solar energy can be improved about 10%.
Thermoelectric Performance of Twisted Graphene Nanoribbons
Authors: Liu Wen Jiang , Cai Shao Hong , Deng Ming Sen
Published: December 2014

We theoretically investigate the thermoelectric properties of twisted armchair graphene nanoribbons (TAGNR) with various rotation angles. We find that the twist engineering applied to AGNR can alter the thermoelectric transport properties by modifying the electronic structures and phonon dispersion relations. With twist angle increasing , the thermal conductance tend to decrease, and the can tunable with different twist angle. Our calculation results suggests a possible route to increase the ZT values of AGNR-N for potential thermoelectric applications.
The Effect of Digital Process of Single-Phase Photovoltaic Grid Connected Inverter
Authors: Shan Hong Tao , Zhou Bin
Published: December 2014

Digital control possesses evident advantages and has become a mainstream control of photovoltaic grid connected inverter.The mathematical model and parameter setting of the single phase photovoltaic grid connected inverter with L filter was introduced in the paper.It was analysed on the effect on system stability of digital process from the two aspects which were the zero-order-hold and one-step-delay control. The bode diagram was verified the theoretical analysis on system stability.The conclusions were made that the introduction of digital control reduces the critical stable gain of photovoltaic grid connected inverter system,system stability is varied with sample time, the parameters of L can affect the system stability range,zero-order-hold reduces the stability range and limits the performance improved of digital control system,one-step-delay control on photovoltaic grid connected inverter reduces again the stability range on the basis of the zero-order-hold control.
Research on the Depositon of CdS Quantum Dots on TiO2 Inverse Opal
Authors: Mei Xing An , Wan Xiang Yu , Cheng Qing Hua , Xu Da Hai , Xiong Yan
Published: December 2014

As the third generation solar cells, quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSSC) has received wide attention from researchers because of its high theoretical energy conversion efficiency and low production costs. The preparation of CdS quantum dots for TiO2 inverse opal based QDSSC by successive ionic layer absorption and reaction (SILAR) was investigated. The optimized number of SILAR cycle and ionic reaction time was obtained by the analysis of absorption spectra.
Optimal Allocation Research of Distributed Generation Based on Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Li Peng Cheng , Cong Zhong Xiao , Ou Jia Xiang , Peng Zhi Wei
Published: December 2014

Multi-objective optimization model on sitting and sizing of Distributed Generation (DG) was proposed in this paper, and it was based on the comprehensive consideration of total system network loss and total deviation of node voltage, aiming at the optimization of DG’s access, the simulation tests were carried out on the 13 bus test system using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm that belonged to swarm intelligence algorithm, receiving the improved network loss and node voltage as the evaluation index, the mutation operator was introduced into the basic PSO algorithm, which improved the possibility to find a more optimal value ,the results showed that IPSO algorithm had strong global searching ability and rapid convergence speed for optimal allocation of Distributed Generation in the distribution network, and it created a new idea for further Distributed Generation allocation.
An HBase-Based Platform for Massive Power Data Storage in Power System
Authors: Yan Zi Jian , Sun Peng , Liu Xiao Mei
Published: December 2014

With the rapid development of the grid scale, there are huge data generated in grid, which include many sample data, alarm data used for real-time monitor and analysis, the traditional dispatching system can’t meet the demands of big capacity storage very well. In recent years, big data technology develop very fast, among it the distributed column-oriented database system is rising gradually with the vigorous development of cloud computing. Considering the character of power data, this paper studies how to use distributed column-oriented database system in power application for storing massive increasing data. The paper design massive data storage structure of power data, design software frame and deployment of massive power data storage. Through experiment it is feasible for distributed column-oriented database to be applied in EMS system through experiment.
A Method of Dispatching Automation Master System Software Testing Based on Cloud Computing Technology
Authors: Li Yu Jia , Yang Qing Bo , Hua Jing , Di Fang Chun , Li Li Xin
Published: December 2014

Problems such as high cost of building a testing environment, low degree of automation and low rates of resource utilization are commonly met during the dispatching automation master system software testing. Cloud Computing technologies were introduced to solve these problems. Test methods based on the virtualization and other key technologies were studied and a testing platform includes user management module, testing resource management module, testing management module and man-machine interaction interface module was built. A method composed of three testing modes was presented which can be applied usefully in the static and dynamical testing of dispatching automation master system. Future research direction is prospected in the end of the paper.
Application of Modbus Protocol in the Automatic Safety Device
Authors: Si Qing Hua , Xu Hai Bo , Xu Jun , Xu Gao Yang , Ye Zhen Feng
Published: December 2014

The traditional HMI ( human-machine interface ) of automatic safety device is lack of beauty and friendship. With the development of smart grid, there are more and more high requirements of the HMI. The automatic safety device was divided into the HMI module and the device main body. An industrial touch screen which supports for Modbus protocol, was selected as the HMI module of the automatic safety device. The HMI data was extracted into the standard data of Modbus protocol, and mapped to the unified address space of Modbus protocol. Modbus RTU mode was used to achieve the data communication between the HMI module and the device main body. This method not only makes the display content richer, interface more user-friendly, but also makes the product development cycle shorter and the product more scalable.
Harmonic Analysis of Non-Sinusoidal Harmonic Signals in Electric Power System
Authors: Luo Dan , Xiao Yi , Zhou Jie Na
Published: December 2014

Harmonic Analysis and control is very important for the power system because harmonics have serious harm to its normal operation. Harmonic Analysis uses fast Fourier transform (FFT) to solve this problem though it causes the spectrum leakage which Increases the calculation error. To solve this problem, the interpolation algorithm combine with tapered time windows are used. The tapered time windows solve the long-range leakage and the interpolation algorithm solves the problem of short-range leakage.
Implementation of Newton Method for Power System Points of Collapse Evaluation
Authors: Shabalin Grigory S. , Taschilin Valery A.
Published: December 2014

The paper is devoted to implementation of Newton Method for evaluating power system points of collapse. Unlike conventional optimization procedures the proposed method doesn`t exploit loading parameter but allows to calculate Saddle-Node bifurcation point of power flow equations directly. The paper shows principal concept of the proposed method implementation to simplest power system model.
Fast Algorithms of Line Outage Distribution Factors with Cascading Failures
Authors: Fan Xiao Long , Zhao Jin Quan
Published: December 2014

The prominent role of cascading outages in recent blackouts has created a need in security applications for evaluating line outage distribution factors (LODFs) under the multiple-line outages. Two fast algorithms of LODFs with multiple-line outages are proposed in this paper. In the first method, the double-line outage LODFs are expressed in terms of single-line outage LODFs, and it can be extended to N-k (k≥2) contingencies without any complex matrix operation through the recursive theory. In the second method, a computationally efficient expression of LODFs based on power transfer distribution factors (PTDFs) in pre-contingency network is presented. Numerical simulations are carried out on IEEE 14 and 118-bus test systems. The results show that both methods can effectively improve the computation speed of multiple-line outage LODFs.
Development of the Straw Based Power Generation in China: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Lv Hao , Ding Hao , Zhou De Qun , Zhang Qin
Published: December 2014

The straw-based power generation, as a mature new energy utilization method, has been widely used in different countries. In this paper, we review the development of the straw-based power generation in China and divide it into three stages, namely, research and experimental stage, rapid developing stage and mature stage. Based on the analysis, it is found out that the straw-based power generation in China is now faced with profit loss. The underlying reasons include the high price of straw fuel, high operation and maintenance cost, large investment, low capacity utilization rate and high rate of power consumption in the production. We also propose the managerial suggestions to address the problems.
Study on Blackout Model for Power Grid Growth Process
Authors: Yu Qun , Ma Yi , Zhang Min , Shi Liang
Published: December 2014

In this paper a blackout AC power flow model considering the probability of line stoppage in the process of power grid growth is given,and the self-organized critical state in the process of power grid growth is studied with the power grid upgrade rate is equal、greater or less than the load growth rate.Simulation results show that power grid upgrading rate must meet the system's load growth, or the probability of failure will be greatly increased with the grid exceed the critical state while the load growth faster than the grid upgrading in the long process of building the power grid. The model and simulation results presented in this paper provide a theoretical basis for the planning and construction of the power grid.
Effect of Wind Power Integration on the Self-Excitation Risks in Weak Interconnection Power Grid
Authors: Mei Yi Lei , Teng Yu Fei , Lin Rui Xing , Zhou Bo , Ding Li Jie , Zhang Hua
Published: December 2014

To explore the self-excitation risks in weak interconnection power grid from the wind power flow, a vector control model of variable speed wind turbine based on doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is established using electromagnetic transient simulation software PSCAD/ EMTDC. Start from the basic circuit model, the self-excitation phenomenon is analyzed with wind power integration. Simulation results show that the effect of wind power integration on the self-excitation risk is mainly determined by DFIG’s operation method, and wind power integration will affect self-excitation engineering judgment method at the same time. When DFIG works in phase late operation or has no reactive power exchange with the main power grid, cutting the wind turbine after broken thread quickly can restrain the worsening trend to a certain extent. However cutting the wind turbine after broken thread when DFIG works in phase advance operation may cause a voltage jump of the hydraulic synchronous generator in parallel with the wind turbine.
The Application of Electronic Communication Relay Protection in Distribution Network with Distributed Generation
Authors: Zheng Shu , Xu Zhi Hua , Liu Jia Jia , Fu Qiang
Published: December 2014

A new relay protection based on electronic communication is presented for the access of distributed generation. After distributed generation access to the system, distribution network power flow direction and short-circuit current level will change. This paper describes the effects of distributed generation on distributed network by building feeder system simplified PSCAD/ EMTDC model. According to the analysis, the new relay protection can improve the stability and reliability of distributed network.
Research and Development of Disturbance Source Positioning System Based on WAMS Data
Authors: Shi Xiu Ping , Zhang Wen Chao , Chen Zhen , Chen Bo , Li Bo , Xi Jiang Hui , Shao De Jun
Published: December 2014

For increasingly complex often appear in the low frequency oscillation of interconnected power grid, rapid positioning disturbance source to ensure the rapid processing of the accident, reduce accident influence has become especially important, therefore in the national grid project of related study proposes a decomposition method and moment method based on the cut set energy partition layer and position of disturbance source theory, and success in the ground demonstration project construction disturbance source location system based on WAMS data sources; Disturbance source localization algorithm, this paper introduces the hardware structure and software structure of system, as well as the system functionality and performance, and use the actual power grid operation data and the simulation output case data validate the system to provide the source of disturbance in the practicality and accuracy of positioning function, system technical index has reached the requirement of demonstration project; For scheduling system was put into operation personnel to provide auxiliary decision becomes a powerful tool for rapid processing oscillation accident, to better ensure the safety of power grid operation stability.
Study on Overvoltage and Insulation Coordination of DC Filter for UHVDC Project
Authors: Huang Gang , Zhang Hui Yuan , Yang Yi Ming
Published: December 2014

Based on the UHVDC project from Hami to Zhengzhou, two typical faults for transient stress calculation of DC filter including ground fault on the DC line and incoming switching surge on the DC line are presented. The simulation steep-fronted models and factors including protective characteristics of arresters, parasitic inductances should be considered for these two faults are introduced. The protective level of arresters are obtained according to the calculated maximum according current of arresters, and the insulation levels of the filter equipment are defined according to the insulation margin. The research can provide technical supports for project construction.
Effect of Intracellular Carbon Resource on Competition between PAOs and GAOs for Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal
Authors: Kang Xiao Rong , Liu Ya Li
Published: December 2014

Batch tests were conducted to study the effect of internal carbon resource on the competition between phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs) and glycogen accumulating organism (GAOs) for simultaneous N and P removal. The result showed that the average P removal rate of PAOs was above 98.5%. Both PAOs and GAOs enriched sludge released P effectively on the anaerobic phase, and about 20 mg/L P was released. In the anoxic-P uptake process, 2.24 mmol/g-MLVSS and 2.44 mmol/g-MLVSS of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) were consumed by PAOs enriched sludge and GAOs enriched sludge, respectively. Simultaneously, the glycogen concentration of GAOs enriched sludge was higher than that of PAOs enriched sludge during the anoxic process, on the contrast, more glycogen was synthesized in PAOs enriched sludge than GAOs enriched sludge, and 0.95 mmol/g-MLVSS glycogen was synthesized in PAOs enriched sludge.
Stamen Movement and its Biological Significance in Compositae Plants
Authors: Zeng Jia Shi , Wang Dong Xu , Liu Yang , Lu Xiao Ping
Published: December 2014

There is a unique inflorescence composition and stamen structure in Compositae. Stamen structure, filament movement and its mechanism was analyzed and discussed, with cosmos and small sunflowers as experimental materials, by using morphological anatomy, microscopic measurement, tabletting observation. The results showed that: (1) There was a certain regularity in the opening of tubular floral organ in capitulum, of which their movements were initiated from outside to inside. (2) The mainly cause of stamen movement in Compositae came from the changes filaments length. (3) Stamen movement was not a simple physical movement-with filaments shortening, cell structure also has changed. (4) The filament movement in Compositae is not only beneficial to itself fully stretching, but also reduces the interference during pollen spreading.
The Comparison of Branch and Leaf Joining Force for Two Plants
Authors: Liu Peng Fei , Liu Jing , Nao Min , Liu Fu Quan , Zhu Hong Hui
Published: December 2014

Using the method of resisting vertical force for leaf, the leaves of Caragana microphylla Lam and Hippophae rhamnoides Linn were conducted to test the branch and leaf joining force. The results show that two plants leaves fracture in petiole, when they resist the vertical force, the branch and leaf joining force of the Caragana microphylla is greater than that of Hippophae rhamnoides, and ranges of joining force are 0.92-5.20N and 0.28-1.18N, respectively. The correlation is not obvious between the joining force and branch diameter of the leaf growth and petiole diameter for the two plants, and the correlation coefficient of Caragana microphylla is -0.1965 and 0.1418, respectively, the correlation coefficient of Hippophae rhamnoides is -0.0235 and 0.2655, respectively. But with Caragana microphylla rachis diameter increase, the joining force of its leaflet has a raising tendency. When the two shrubs are eroded by wind, compared with Hippophae rhamnoides, the leaves of Caragana microphylla are not easy to be blown off, that is give full play to the wind-break potency of shelter belt, so Caragana microphylla is the optimal wind-break plant.
Seedling Growth Characteristics of 24 Provenances of Larix principis-rupprechtii
Authors: Zhang Guo Jun , Wang Cheng He , Zhao Min Hua , Wang Wan Qi , Yang Jun Ming
Published: December 2014

Seedling growth traits of 24 provenances of Larix principis-rupprechtii were analyzed to select superior provenances. Variance and correlation on height, basal diameter, root length, root and stem fresh weight of 1-year old and 2-year old seedlings of those provenances were analyzed. Then correlation coefficients between these growth traits and membership value of height and basal diameter of 24 provenances were carried on. Results showed that variance on growth traits of 1-year old seedlings among 24 provenances were only significant for height, but for basal diameter, height, root and stem fresh weight of 2-year old seedlings. Based on correlation coefficients between growth traits, height and basal diameter were selected for comprehensive evaluation. The top 5 provenances of Larix principis-rupprechtii were Neimeng Balinzuo, Hebei Weichang 1-21, 7-46, 8-75, and Beijing, according to average of membership value of height and basal diameter.
Distribution of Acidophiles around Zijinshan Bioheapleaching Plant: Dispersal or Not?
Authors: Liu Xing Yu , Chen Bo Wei , Wen Jian Kang
Published: December 2014

The Zijinshan bioheapleaching plant started operating at the end of 2005. During four years of leaching operation, concern about migration of acidophiles from the heap into the nearby Ting river has arisen. A total of 44 soil samples, 49 water samples and 15 air samples were collected surround the heap at different spatial scales, and the quantitative distribution of acidophile around Zijinshan bioheap was studied. Chemical characteristics of the samples such as pH, copper content and iron content were analyzed. Real-time PCR assay was used to qualify acidophiles, included genus Acidithiobacillus, Leptospirillum, Ferroplasma and Sulfobacillus in all samples. The results showed that the four acidophiles displayed different biogeographic patterns. Geographic distance did not have a biogeographical effect on the experimental spatial scale for the genus Acidithiobacillus, Leptospirillum and Sulfobacillus. However, the geographic distance was a significant factor for genus Ferroplasma. The water soluble copper and iron concentrations of soil samples had crucial relevance for the existence of acidophiles. No significant variation was found among all the water samples regarding the concentation of acidophiles. The concentration of copper in the river met China National water quality II standard. These results indicated that: a) the dispersal of acidophiles from the heap may not be significant b) the adverse impact from the heap on the local environmental may not be significant.
Seed Germination and Seedling Growth Characteristics of Different Larix principis-rupprechtii Families
Authors: Yue Guo Zhong , Zhao Min Hua , Zhang Guo Jun , Wang Wan Qi , Yang Jun Ming
Published: December 2014

Phenotypic traits (thousand seed weight and plumpness, etc.), germination characteristics (germination rate and nursery germination rate, etc.), growth traits (seedling height, basal diameter, root length, etc.) and photosynthetic parameters of 8 superior families and 3 controls (seed orchard, seed production stand and planted forest) were measured and analyzed to determine the difference of seed germination and seedling growth among Larix principis-rupprechtii families. Results showed that families 7-46, 8-74 and 1-30 performed excellent in aspects of germination index, nursery germination rate, height, basal diameter and photosynthetic rate. Their membership function value was 4-5 times higher than planted forest, 35%-70% higher than the seed orchard and seed production stand.
Effect of Nitric Oxide on the Secondary Metabolites of Taxus chinensis var. mairei under UV-B Exposure
Authors: Li De Wen , Li Mei Lan , Liu Ying , Zu Yuan Gang
Published: December 2014

In this paper, the effect of nitric oxide (NO) on the secondary metabolites of Taxus chinensis var. mairei under elevated UV-B radiation was studied. The 5-year-old seedlings were used as test materials. The sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was as the NO donor and Carboxy-PTIO potassium salt (cPTIO) as the NO scavenger. The results showed that the SNP, UV, UV-B+SNP treatments significantly increased the contents of photosynthetic pigments (p<0.05). The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid and total chlorophyll exhibited CK < cPTIO < UV-B+cPTIO < UV-B < SNP < UV-B+SNP. SNP, cPTIO, UV-B, UV-B+SNP and UV-B+cPTIO significantly increased the concentrations of flavonoids, condensed tannins, total phenolics and taxol (p<0.05). Spraying SNP and cPTIO had significant effect on the taxol concentration (p<0.05). The concentrations of flavonoids, condensed tannins, total phenolics and taxol reached the maximum under the UV-B+cPTIO treatment. Spraying different concentrations of SNP or cPTIO might affect the NO content in plants, and then impact on the secondary metabolism, which mechanism needs further investigation.
A Study on Building Interpretation System of National Forest Park
Authors: Zhu Zhi , Li Mei , Zheng Ke
Published: December 2014

Interpretation system is an important part of the forest park overall planning, is an inevitably choice for forest landscape resources protection, spread of forest ecological culture and ecological tourism development. It has the function of tourist service, ecological civilization education, forest resource protection, visitor management and economic function. In view of the current problems of forest park interpretation system, pointing out that it is made up of forest ecological tourism resources, tourism media, forest management and forest tourist four subsystems, and for four subsystems in detail respectively in this paper.
Performance Appraisal of Eco-Environment Protection in Zhejiang Province Based on Entropy Weight Method
Authors: Yu Hai Su , Xue Ji Bin , Jia Ke Jing , Qi Fan
Published: December 2014

According to water environment protection, protection of the atmospheric environment, solid waste disposal, and improvement of ecological environment to construct performance appraisal index system of eco-environment protection. Take Zhejiang as an example, researched on the Performance appraisal of eco-environment protection from 2006 to 2012 based on entropy weight method. The results of this assessment were in good correspondence to the regional actual situations, indicating that entropy weight method was applicable and feasible in this field. Using entropy weight method to determine the weights of assessment indices could resolve the problem of many indices not having unique standard, reduce the disturbance of subjectivity in the course of assessment, and reflect the contribution of each index to regional eco-environment protection more objectively. This method offered a new research means to quantitatively assess eco-environment protection, and have certain practical value and popularization meaning in the related fields.
Application of Water Quality Modeling in Land-Use and Land-Cover Change
Authors: Li Zhe , Wang Li , Ma Fang , Xu Ya Nan , Jiang Xiao Feng , Liang Xiong Wei
Published: December 2014

Many factors can impact water quality, such as rainfall, topography and soil. These factors are usually naturally formed. In these factors, Land-Use is closely related with human production and living which people can change. It is one of the most key factors influencing the river water quality. With the development of computer technology, it is an important direction of researching Land-Use and Land-Cover Change (LUCC) in the application of water quality modeling. This paper analyzes the relationship between land-use change and the water quality, and introduces the common used water quality model.
A Case Study of Campus Building End Use of a University in Norway
Authors: Guan Jun , Nord Natasa , Chen Shu Qin
Published: December 2014

Energy use in university campus plays an important role in energy use of the society, because universities are complex infrastructure and they are similar to small towns. A university campus consisted of 35 buildings, with total area of approximately 300 000 m2 was analyzed. Six-year energy uses of electricity and heating of 24 buildings in one university campus in Norway were selected as case objects monitored by Building Energy Management System and web-based Energy Monitoring System. Descriptive statistics were applied to analyze energy use and influencing factors on energy use. The coincidence factors for both heating and electricity were calculated. The results indicate that the energy use of the whole campus were obtained as101 kWh/(m2a) for heating and 200 kWh/(m2a) for electricity, respectively. Regarding the individual buildings, the electricity use was 170± 89 kWh/(m2 a) and the heating use was 169± 115 kWh/(m2 a) for heating with a few exceptions of over 300 kWh/(m2 a). The influence of seasonal factor on heating was much higher than on electricity. The coincidence factors of heating were 0.96 in working day and 0.87 in weekend. The coincidence factors of electricity were 0.99 and 0.98, respectively. The results from the study could be used for energy planning of cities and other urban energy systems.
Study of the Taiwan Taoyuan Aerotropolis Sustainable Development Evaluation Indicator System
Authors: Chang An Pi , Chu Tih Ju , Hwang Chao Lung , Lin Jyh Dong
Published: December 2014

This research proposes a sustainable development evaluation index for the Taiwan Taoyuan Aerotropolis development project in response to related development strategy, planning, and future development needs. The framework for a Taiwan Taoyuan Aerotropolis Sustainable Development Index Evaluation System includes 8 aspects, 37 evaluation indices and 104 secondary evaluation indices. In determining what to include in the evaluation index, the writers referenced national sustainable development policies and invited governmental agencies involved with the project to engage in focused interviews with experts so as to enhance the drafting of the Taiwan Taoyuan Aerotropolis Sustainable Development Index Evaluation System Framework. The results of this research work can be used as a basis for evaluating the future efficacy of the Aerotropolis development.
The Effect of Urban Design on Outdoor Thermal Environment in a Central Business District Area in Singapore
Authors: Yang Wei , Lin Yao Lin , Wong Nyuk Hien
Published: December 2014

Outdoor thermal environment in urban spaces is important for people to enjoy the urban environment. This paper investigated the effect of urban design on outdoor thermal environment in an urban street in the central business district in Singapore, focusing on street orientation and height-to-width ratio. The microclimatic parameters of different street design scenarios were determined by ENVI-met numerical simulation. Field measurement was conducted to validate the results from the numerical simulation and they were in good agreement. For different design scenarios, it is found that (1) The air temperature differences did not exceed 0.8°C; (2) The mean radiant temperature differences could exceed 40°C; (3) The maximum wind speed difference was 0.6 m/s; (4) No distinct relative humidity differences could be found. The results show that shading is the key strategy for improving outdoor thermal environment in Singapore because it leads to reduction on the air temperature and mean radiant temperature simultaneously. N-S orientated street had the best thermal environment condition.Outdoor thermal environment in urban spaces is important for people to enjoy the urban environment. This paper investigated the effect of urban design on outdoor thermal environment in an urban street in the central business district in Singapore, focusing on street orientation and height-to-width ratio. The microclimatic parameters of different street design scenarios were determined by ENVI-met numerical simulation. Field measurement was conducted to validate the results from the numerical simulation and they were in good agreement. For different design scenarios, it is found that (1) The air temperature differences did not exceed 0.8°C; (2) The mean radiant temperature differences could exceed 40°C; (3) The maximum wind speed difference was 0.6 m/s; (4) No distinct relative humidity differences could be found. The results show that shading is the key strategy for improving outdoor thermal environment in Singapore because it leads to reduction on the air temperature and mean radiant temperature simultaneously. N-S orientated street had the best thermal environment condition. Shading achieved by means of high aspect ratios can improve thermal environment at street level.
Analysis on Characteristics of Saline Soil in Yanqing New Town
Authors: Wang Hao Dong , Gu Yan Hong , Lu Qing Xi , Huang Xiao
Published: December 2014

Saline soil disaster is one of the environmental geological problems in the construction of Yanqing new town. In this paper, the saline soil distribution area, chemical composition and causes of Saline soil in new town area were described, the types of saline soil were divided, and the salt expansion and corrosion were evaluated, which provides the basis for the planning and construction of Yanqing new town and the prevention of disasters.
A Study of Overall Plan of Circum-Lanzhou Urban Agglomeration Development Based on SWOT Analysis
Authors: Wang Guo Rong , Wang Ke Feng , Wang Nan
Published: December 2014

With the advancement of market economy and industrialization & urbanization, the urban agglomeration of China has been gradually formed and rapidly developed. The establishment of Lanzhou-centered Circum-Lanzhou Urban Agglomeration covering the 4 surrounded cities will actively promote the overall development of Lanzhou to play the important role in supporting economic development of northwest region and Gansu Pronvince. This paper has made detailed analysis on strength & weakness of interior environment and opportunity & threat of external environment of Circum-Lanzhou Urban Agglomeration by means of the latest international application--SWOT Model at present; therefore, it is possible to recognize the strength, overcome the weakness, seize the opportunity and strive for development, based on which this paper has put forward the thought and suggestions for overall plan of Circum-Lanzhou Urban Agglomeration development.
Comprehensive Regionalization Based on Evaluation of Resources Carrying Capacity in Hubei
Authors: Ma Sai , Li Jiang Feng , Wei Feng Juan
Published: December 2014

This study evaluated resources carrying capacity as a foundation to regionalize Hubei. Firstly, system dynamics was used to build the simulation model of resources carrying capacity to evaluate the population can be carried. We divided the man-earth system into four subsystem: land use, water resource, environmental and socio-economic system. It turns out that Hubei can carry a population of 76.43million in 2010, 105.92million in 2020. And water resource carrying capacity surpasses other carrying capacity in 11 municipalities among 17 districts of Hubei. Secondly, carrying capacity index and carrying capacity per hectare were put forward to revise the calculation, in order to eliminate the impact of land area and population and reveal local resources endowment. In addition, this research applied hierarchical clustering to class 17 municipalities of Hubei and brought out five comprehensive zones.