bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PASSIVE RADIOLOCATION. DISTANCE ESTIMATION METHODS
Authors: PÎRJOL Pătru
Published: September 2021

Abstract: The timely discovery of existing threats in the airspace is a permanent concern of the relevant military powers of this century and sensor networks have been developed in this regard, arranged over very large geographical areas in order to achieve a permanent and continuous surveillance of the areas of interest. Research conducted by the scientific community has demonstrated the potential of bistatic (passive) radar as a means of surveillance, the efforts focusing on improving receiver parameters and signal processing algorithms. An important role in these scientific approaches is played by the geodetic distance estimation methods, as well as by the diversification of technical solutions that provide the necessary support for their application and the establishment of algorithms for refining the data provided.
NSOF AND ROTARY-WING PLATFORMS – INTEGRATED OR JOINT?
Authors: UNGUREANU Dan-Marian , MOLDOVAN Ioan
Published: September 2021

Abstract: There is today a burgeoning discussion about how Romanian Naval Special Operations Forces (RNSOF) is supported in maritime operations by the conventional means of the Romanian Navy rotary-wing platforms. As part of this approach, we set out to analyze the regulatory framework for ensuring the support of naval aviation in the execution of NSOF missions. Thus, we will study the evolution of the cooperation of the ROU Navy Helicopter Group and NSOF from the perspective of regulations on cooperation, training, common standard operating procedures, references on standardization and safety in the execution of training and missions in the maritime environment. This research addresses an aspect of special operations that has yet to be explained adequately. To achieve this goal, we will describe how these operations are conducted in NATO countries, which have integrated maritime aviation in support of naval forces for special operations in the maritime environment. According to the specified causes to achieve our objectives, we will search for solutions to compensate or reduce the gap between necessity and reality. Through comparative analysis and documentation on the strategies used by foreign military forces, with similar roles and missions, we will provide solutions that will cover an area that can vary from adapting procedures to establishing the need to develop certain regulations. Our study is addressed to persons involved or interested in the military field and special naval operations and aims to highlight the importance of developing the NSOF capacity to cooperate with integrated maritime aviation and adjusted to the requirements of the execution of special maritime operations. Taking these recommendations into account will increase the effectiveness of NSOF maritime operations with the support of rotary-wing platforms while ensuring the transition to a robust/ real joint NSOF capability in response to existing threats in the Black Sea.
DIVERS' ACTIONS IN THE RIVERINE AREA
Authors: VOINESCU Bogdan , POPESCU Ionel
Published: September 2021

Abstract: This approach proposes an analysis and a presentation of divers’ actions in the riverine area in order to combat the risks and the threats which can occur there, correlated with the features and the characteristics of the environment and with the objectives of the Navy. The identification of new insights and opportunities of involving the divers in this domain through concrete, focused actions having a maximum effect in the preservation of a security climate in the riverine area is the novelty of this approach. While analyzing the actual possibilities of divers’ actions in the riverine area, this article is pleading regarding the importance of using divers in this environment and it is structured on two directions. The actions of the military divers in the riverine area contain these directions that meet the national objectives regarding maintenance or getting the control over the main economic and military objectives concomitant with the research, capture or destruction of enemy`s forces. I am addressing this approach to the specialists and to those who are interested in divers’ way of actions in the riverine environment. Divers are an especially important tool among the whole range of military actions in the riverine area. The actions taken by divers usually offer depth to the campaign and they have a significant role in preserving the riverine area.
RUSSIAN MILITARY DIVERSION – MASKIROVKA, USED IN THE BLACK SEA AREA
Authors: ALEXANDRU Roxana , TOTIR Valentin-Costinel
Published: September 2021

Abstract: Taking into consideration the influence this doctrine has, being used in the maritime environment, over the Black Sea riparian countries, we consider that the analysis of its effects is an element of novelty and interest. The research methods used are observation, analysis and description. At the end of this article, we attempted to identify a pattern of the methods used to implement this doctrine in the Black Sea region. To this purpose, in order to identify the doctrine’s general framework, we will take into consideration threats and risks, indications and warnings. Through this approach, we wish to address specialists, researchers and students who want to analyze these issues and develop courses of action, in order to give an optimate response, in the conditions of a maritime or riverine threat.
VIRTUAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS FOR ESL COURSES
Authors: CHISEGA-NEGRILĂ Ana-Maria
Published: September 2021

Abstract: As the time in which online teaching and learning was still an element of novelty has long been gone, virtual learning environments have to be studied thoroughly so that they will provide students not only with the necessary knowledge, but also with the proper tools to meet their learning objectives. The advancement in information technology and the access to an almost inordinate number of learning and teaching tools should have already been fructified and, as a result, not only teachers, but also learners should have already picked up the fruit of knowledge grown in the vast virtual environment of the Internet. However, as education has recently moved almost entirely online, some questions have arisen. Are the Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs) enough to offer ESL students both motivation and knowledge? Will foreign languages benefit from this growing trend or will traditional, face-to-face interaction, prove to have been more efficient? The present article will look into some of these questions and into the benefits of VLEs in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic.
ARESIBO HORIZON 2020 EUROPEAN RESEARCH PROJECT – ENRICHED SITUATION AWARENESS FOR BORDER SURVEILLANCE
Authors: CHARISI Konstantinos , TSIGOPOULOS Andreas , KINTZIOS Spyridon , PAPATAXIARHIS Vassilis
Published: September 2021

Abstract. The paper aims to introduce the ARESIBO project to a greater but targeted audience and outline its main scope and achievements. ARESIBO stands for “Augmented Reality Enriched Situation awareness for Border security”. In the recent years, border security has become one of the highest political priorities in EU and needs the support of every Member State. ARESIBO project is developed under HORIZON 2020 EC Research and Innovation program and it is the joint effort of 20 participant entities from 11 countries. Scientific excellence and technological innovation are top priorities as ARESIBO enhances the current state-of-the-art through technological breakthroughs in Mobile Augmented Reality and Wearables, Robust and Secure Telecommunications, Robots swarming technique and Planning of Context-Aware Autonomous Missions, and Artificial Intelligence (AI), in order to implement user-friendly tools for border and coast guards. The system aims to improve the cognitive capabilities and the perception of border guards through intuitive user interfaces that will help them acquire an improved situation awareness by filtering the huge amount of available information from multiple sources. Ultimately, it will help them respond faster and more effectively when a critical situation occurs.
HONEYPOT TECHNOLOGIES FOR MALWARE DETECTION AND ANALYSIS
Authors: DRĂGHICESCU Dragoș , CARANICA Alexandru , FRATU Octavian
Published: September 2021

Abstract: In this paper, we offer a brief summary of latest developments in honeypot technologies, used for malware detection and analysis. This includes not only honeypot software, but also methodologies to analyze captured honeypot data. As such, our focus in this work is to keep track of current developments related to traffic analysis, especially honeypot technologies, as a means of data capture and interpretation of malicious traffic. Zero-day attacks are still very hard to predict, then handle, by any security platform. Means to successfully predict an attack is of paramount importance to the world of cybersecurity. Effective network security administration depends, to a great extent, on the understanding of existing and emerging threats propagated over the web. In order to protect information systems and its users, it is of crucial importance to collect accurate, concise, high-quality information about malicious activities, for security researchers to be able to reverse-engineer, then understand and stop a malicious actor.
INVESTIGATING PRIVACY LEAKS IN IOS APPLICATIONS
Authors: UDROIU Adriana-Meda
Published: September 2021

Abstract: The concern for protecting personal data has been raised many years ago and has been kept on sight ever since. People have to trust their devices and the applications they use so smartphone company survive on the market. Apple treats the security side very seriously and tries to reduce any malicious behaviour as early as possible. This is the main reason they introduced the vetting process to filter out the applications that seem suspicious and only publish legit applications on the App Store. Although the theory looks just fine, there have been multiple applications removed from the App Store because of malicious behaviours that couldn’t be found during the vetting process. In this paper we focus on finding personal data leaks through already published applications in the App Store.
USABLE SECURITY IN BIOMETRIC AUTHENTICATION SYSTEMS
Authors: UDROIU Adriana-Meda , DAN-ȘUTEU Ștefan-Antonio
Published: September 2021

Abstract: We introduce the term usable security to refer to security systems, models, mechanisms and applications that have as the main goal usability. Secure systems cannot exist without secure authentication methods. Thus we outline biometric authentication methods and we focus on iris recognition because is the most reliable and accurate method for human identification]. The most important advantage of iris biometric over other biometrics is that irises have enormous pattern variability meaning that the variation between individual is almost maximum and variation for any person across time or conditions is minimum. Taking into consideration this observations, this survey covers researches in this field, methods of technical implementation and the usability of this method as an authentication system on iOS environment.
THE EFFECT OF COVID-19 EPIDEMIC ON DIGITALIZATION
Authors: UDROIU Adriana-Meda , SANDU Ionuț
Published: September 2021

Abstract: When the COVID-19 epidemic hit Europe at the end of February 2020, most countries enforced a lock down period. In terms of public services, that means that citizens could rely only on digital services provided by the Government or local authorities. In countries with a low level of digitalization, the lock down generated a freeze of some public sectors. One of those countries was Romania, which since March 2020 has had a mixed approach to the bureaucratic challenges that were brought by COVID-19 global pandemic. In March 2020, with an almost nonexistent and underdeveloped digital infrastructure, Romania could only take emergency measure in terms of public services. More precisely, all non-urgent services were frozen or postponed while the validity date of official documents (e.g. medical certificates, identity cards) was extended. Starting with May, some public institution managed to provide some sort of digital services, though most of them do not comply with the data protection regulations.
ASPECTS REGARDING THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN IMPROVING DEFENSE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Authors: NICOARĂ Gabriela-Florina , BOGĂȚEANU Gergonia-Cristiana
Published: September 2021

Abstract: Regarding the society evolution dominated by a high-level technology, we consider this article a constructive approach. The aim of the paper is to highlight a few activities/places/spots in which competences of humans/soldiers interfere with different elements of the artificial intelligence. We deem that the technological progress in the past few years has been impressive. Nowadays, thousands of activities that were mostly or exclusively executed by people can be done faster and often with greater precision using digital systems. In this instance and considering the achievement of functional compatibility between Romanian Army and forces from NATO as being a priority, the development of the technology based on artificial intelligence is vital within the defense resource management.
THE HUMAN FACTOR – RESOURCE AND VULNERABILITY WITHIN THE ADMINISTRATION SECTOR
Authors: MANCAȘ Andreea Nicoleta , NEDELCU Cosmin-Daniel
Published: September 2021

Abstract: The public administration represents the subsector of one of the 12 sectors with critical infrastructures in Romania, namely the Administration sector. Its role is to ensure the organization and concrete execution of the law, in order to protect the rights and freedoms of citizens. The efficiency and performance of the public administration is mainly determined by the effectiveness of the civil servant. That is why the human factor is the main resource in the administration sector, being also the most vulnerable element of this sector. The unpredictability of human resources makes measures to reduce the vulnerabilities caused by it (human resources) the most difficult to manage.
Property and the State or ‘The Folly of Torrens’: A Comparative Perspective
Authors: Fitzpatrick Daniel , Compton Caroline , Foukona Joseph
Published: September 2021

Australian lawyers often extol the virtues of the Torrens system as a means to secure property in land. Yet, the comparative evidence of benefits is mixed and context-dependent, particularly in terms of the nature, provenance and capacity of the state. This article analyses ways in which positivist land laws, including Torrens systems of title by registration, create legal understandings of property that are tied closely to projections or assumptions of state territorial authority. The intertwining of property and sovereignty constructs allodial conceptions of property based on possession or custom as subordinate, if not illegal, simply because they exist in social orders that lie beyond the administrative systems of the state. As a result, there is a chronic fragmentation of legal and social understandings of property in areas of the world with Torrens law and large numbers of informal settlements. The case studies include the Philippines and the Solomon Islands.
The Vulnerability of Safe Haven Enterprise Visa Holders: Balancing Work, Protection and Future Prospects
Authors: Reilly Alexander
Published: September 2021

This article considers the policy settings of the Safe Haven Enterprise visa (‘SHEV’). It considers the merits of linking renewal of the visa to particular work requirements, and argues that the current requirements place visa holders in a position of extreme vulnerability both in the Australian workforce and in relation to their general health and well-being. The article outlines possible avenues for reform of the visa, ultimately concluding that there is a strong case for its repeal.
In Vital Need of Reform: Providing Certainty for Working Women Undergoing IVF Treatment
Authors: Hvala Thomas
Published: September 2021

Currently, leave for IVF treatment is not a legitimate use of personal leave under the Fair Work Act 2009 (Cth), as women undergoing treatment are neither ‘ill’ nor ‘injured’. As a result, there is significant uncertainty regarding the use of personal leave by women undergoing IVF. Drawing on stakeholder interviews and broader societal contexts, this article evaluates which legal framework most appropriately assists women seeking IVF treatment. Two areas of law are considered. First, this article argues that anti-discrimination frameworks, whilst applicable, are unconvincing. Second, looking to employment law, this article advocates amending the National Employment Standards to introduce paid leave provisions for women receiving IVF treatment. Modern awards and enterprise agreements are also discussed. This article concludes by identifying options for further exploration in order to ensure that the unconditional right for women to have children is not only recognised, but fulfilled.
From Safety Nets to Support Networks: Beyond ‘Vulnerability’ in Protection for Consumers with Cognitive Disabilities
Authors: Maker Yvette , Paterson Jeannie Marie , Arstein-Kerslake Anna , McSherry Bernadette , Brophy Lisa
Published: September 2021

This article considers the significance of the obligations in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (‘CRPD’) for consumer protection law and policy. The current legal response to consumers who require additional decision-making support is primarily focused on mechanisms to release consumers classified as ‘vulnerable’ from transactions tainted by concerns about a lack of genuine consent. While these legal responses provide an important safety net of protection against predatory and exploitative behaviour, they are limited in their ability to encourage social participation and equal access to goods and services for consumers with cognitive disabilities. We argue that the CRPD requires an approach to consumer protection that provides more meaningful support for consumers with cognitive disabilities and make suggestions about what this support might entail in terms of changes to both the legislative regime and contracting practices.
ANALISIS MANFAAT SELEKSI KARYAWAN TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS DAN EFEKTIVITAS KERJA KARYAWAN PADA BIDANG PERHOTELAN DI KOTA MAKASSAR
Authors: GUNAWAN HENDRA
Published: September 2021

Tujuan penelitian untuk mengkaji karakteristik seleksi karyawan terhadap produktivitas karyawan dan efektivitas. Populasi penelitian ini adalah karyawan hotel di Makassar, jumlah sampel , responden sebanyak 75orang karyawan hotel. Metode analisis yang digunakan aStatistik Deskriptif dan Analisis Regresi Linear. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan terdapat pengaruh positif antara variabel seleksi tenaga kerja terhadap produktivitas karyawan dan efektivitas. Hasil Pengujian koefisien determinasi diperoleh nilai adjusted R square adalah 0,440. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa sebesar 44% seleksi karwayan dipengaruhi oleh variasi kedua variabel, yaitu produktivitas karyawan (Y1), dan Efektivitas (Y2).Sedangkan sisanya sebesar 56% dipengaruhi oleh variabel-variabel lainnya yang tidak diteliti. Hasil perhitungan uji-t diketahui bahwa dari variabel produktivitas diperoleh nilai t-hitung sebesar 2,887, dimana t-tabel sebesar 1,666 berarti t-hitung > dari t-tabel sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan antara produktivitas karyawan sebagai veriabel yang berpengaruh terhadap seleksi tenaga kerja, hasil uji-t varibel efektivitas diperoleh nilai t-hitung sebesar 3,870, dimana t-tabelsebesar 1,666 berarti t-hitung > dari t-tabel sehingga disimpulkan terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan antara efektivitas sebagai veriabel yang berpengaruh terhadap seleksi tenaga kerja. Hasil perhitunganmenggunakan program SPSS Ver 22.00 diperoleh F-hitung sebesar 2,232. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa F-hitung > F-tabel yang berarti bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan secara serempak antara variabel penelitian Seleksi karyawan terhadap Produktivitas dan Efektivitas pada karyawan hotel Makassar.
First year student expectations: Results from a university-wide student survey
Authors: Crisp Geoffrey , Palmer Edward , Turnbull Deborah , Nettelbeck Ted , Ward Lynn , LeCouteur Amanda , Sarris Aspa , Strelan Peter , Schneider Luke
Published: September 2021

Although much has been written on the first-year experience of students at higher education institutions, less attention has been directed to the expectations of students when they enter an institution for the first time. This paper provides additional insights into the expectations of students at an Australian university and highlights areas in which students’ expectations may not necessarily align with the realities of common university practices. By providing opportunities for students to articulate their expectations, staff are able to use the responses for a constructive dialogue and work towards a more positive alignment between perceived expectations and levels of student satisfaction with their experience.
APPLICATION OF CHEMOMETRIC METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF CLOTRIMAZOLE AND BECLOMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE IN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM
Authors: Shah Umang , Desai Bhumika , Nandrubarkar Vyomesh
Published: September 2021

Chemometry is the use of mathematical and statistical methods to improve the understanding of chemical information and to correlate quality parameters or physical properties to analytical instrument data. In the present work, two chemometric methods, named as principal component regression (PCR) and (PLS) based on the use of spectrophotometric data, were developed for simultaneous determination of clotrimazole (CLO) and beclomethasone dipropionate (BE C) in bulk and cream form. The absorbance of zero order UV spectra of CLO and BE C in the range of 80-400 μg/mL and 2-10 μg/mL, respectively were recorded in the wavelength range 230-272 nm at 3 nm wavelength intervals. Twenty-five (25) mixed solutions were prepared for the chemometric calibration as training set and sixteen varied solutions were prepared as a validation set. The suitability of the models was decided based on the RMSECV, RMSEP and PRESS values of calibration and validation data. The % recovery study of both the methods was compared, and it was found near each other. The assay of CLO and BE C for both the methods was found to be in the range of 99.78 to 101.20%. Hence, the proposed methods can be used for simultaneous analysis of the mixture of the drugs, without chemical pre-treatment, with good speed of analysis.
A HERBAL CREAM FOR ACNE VULGARIS
Authors: Kashikar Vrushali , Tope Sonal
Published: September 2021

The present work deals with the development and evaluation of a herbal anti-acne cream. Ethanolic fruit and leaf extracts of Myristica fragrans (Nutmeg) and Ficus religiosa (Pipal) were used for preparing the cream. Three creams namely, F1 (Myristica fragrans), F2 (Ficus religiosa) and F3 i.e. combination of Myristica fragrans and Ficus religiosa, were prepared. F3 shows greater zone of inhibition against Propionibacterium acne, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus inhibition (24.60 mm, 21.66 mm and 23.66 mm respectively), as compared to F1 (22.33 mm, 19.0 mm and 23 mm) and F2 (23.33 mm, 20 mm and 22.33 mm) respectively. In vitro diffusion study showed that percentage of drug release from F3 was greater than from F1 and F2. The results indicated that the herbal cream formulation F3, with combination of two plant extracts had acceptable properties.
SYNTHESIS AND ANTI-HIV EVALUATION OF SUBSTITUTED INDOLE-3-CARBALDEHYDE DERIVATIVES
Authors: Wadhwa Pankaj , Jain Priti , Jadhav Hemant R
Published: September 2021

In the present study, a series of indole-3-carbaldehydes having substituted N-sulfonyl phenyl or Nphenacyl group was synthesized and evaluated for anti-HIV activity, in particular, in vitro and in silico HIV-1 integrase inhibition. Three compounds (8b, 8c and 8g) exhibited significant inhibition of HIV-1 IN (IC50 ≤5.32 μM). Molecular docking studies were also performed to justify the IN inhibition and in vitro in silico correlation was drawn. Compound 8b exhibited significant anti-HIV activity against HIV-1 strain IIIB (IC50 3.16 μM). HIV integrase inhibitors are also reported to inhibit reverse transcriptase. When 8b was further examined against various single and double mutant reverse transcriptase (RT) strains, it showed promising activity against E138K with IC50 value of 2.43 μM with safety index of 3. Therefore, compound 8b can be a starting point for the development of dual inhibitors of HIV integrase as well as reverse transcriptase.
Analisis Efisiensi Penggunaan Direct Route dari Poin JOG ke Poin CA Dibanding dengan ATS Route W17 Dan W17S di Yogyakarta MCA
Authors: Kurniawan Safrudin , Putri Ekapuja Rany Adiliawijaya
Published: September 2021

Rute penerbangan dari dan ke Jakarta – Yogyakarta menggunakan ATS route yang sama yaitu W17 dan W17S. Untuk menyikapi hal tersebut para air traffic controller di bandar udara Adi Sutjipto Yogyakarta melakukan pemecahan masalah dengan memberikan jalur alternatif untuk rute Yogyakarta – Jakarta melalui direct route JOG – CA.. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan perbandingan efisiensi atas penggunaan direct route JOG – CA dibandingkan jika menggunakan ATS route JOG - W – 17 – W17 S. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian komparasi, yaitu jenis penelitian dengan 2 variabel atau lebih yang bertujuan untuk membedakan atau membandingkan hasil penelitian antara dua kelompok penelitian. Dari survey yang dilakukan diketahui bahwa ada 83 % pesawat dari Yogyakarta tujuan Jakarta yang melalui direct route JOG - CA. Sedangkan dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa waktu tempuh melalui direct route JOG – CA dibandingkan dengan ATS route W 17 – W17 S rata – rata bisa menghemat 4,38 menit atau 19,5 % dan bisa menghemat bahan bakar paling sedikit 856.252 kg dan paling banyak 1.546.978 kg dalam setahun atau sebesar 5,33 % sampai dengan 16,35 %.Rute penerbangan dari dan ke Jakarta – Yogyakarta menggunakan ATS route yang sama yaitu W17 dan W17S. Untuk menyikapi hal tersebut para air traffic controller di bandar udara Adi Sutjipto Yogyakarta melakukan pemecahan masalah dengan memberikan jalur alternatif untuk rute Yogyakarta – Jakarta melalui direct route JOG – CA. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan perbandingan efisiensi atas penggunaan direct route JOG – CA dibandingkan jika menggunakan ATS route JOG - W – 17 – W17 S. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian komparasi, yaitu suatu jenis penelitian dengan 2 variabel atau lebih yang digunakan untuk membedakan atau membandingkan hasil perhitungan antara dua kelompok penelitian yang berbeda. Dari survey yang dilakukan diketahui bahwa ada 83 % pesawat dari Yogyakarta tujuan Jakarta yang melalui direct route JOG - CA. Sedangkan dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa waktu tempuh melalui direct route JOG – CA dibandingkan dengan ATS route W 17 – W17 S rata – rata bisa menghemat 4,38 menit atau 19,5 % dan bisa menghemat bahan bakar paling sedikit 856.252 kg dan paling banyak 1.546.978 kg dalam setahun atau sebesar 5,33 % sampai dengan 16,35 %.
Rancang Bangun Mekanisme Peningkat Putaran Bertenaga Sepeda Statis Dengan Keluaran 2700 Rpm Pada Sistem Alternator
Authors: Sindu Artha Gede Andhika , Herwanto Djoko , Amal Fatkhulloh
Published: September 2021

Dalam engine run, dapat disimulasikan memanfaatkan putaran roda sepeda statis untuk memenuhi kebutuhan putaran alternator. Namun, keterbatasan kayuhan otot kaki manusia belum mampu mencapai rpm yang diinginkan. Dengan demikian dibutuhkan mekanisme peningkat putaran. Berdasarkan beberapa identifikasi masalah yang akan menjadi batasan masalah adalah bagaimana merancang mekanisme peningkat putaran bertenaga sepeda statis dengan keluaran 2700 rpm. Dari hasil rancangan ini, didapatkan knurling wheel dengan permukaan diamond pattern knurling berdiameter 60 mm sebagai penerus putaran roda sepeda berdiameter 660 mm. Roda gigi yang dipilih adalah roda gigi lurus dimana roda gigi penggerak berjarak bagi 120 mm, jumlah gigi 60 dan roda gigi yang digerakkan berjarak bagi 60 mm dengan jumlah gigi 30 untuk menaikkan putaran dari knurling wheel.  Poros yang digunakan berdiameter 20 mm dengan ukuran pasak 7x7.  Bearing yang digunakan adalah tipe ball bearing dengan nomor bantalan 6004.  Pada sabuk dan puli, perancang memilih sabuk v tipe A nomor 35 dengan panjang keliling sabuk 889 mm dan puli penggerak berdiameter 127 mm.  Penyangga (roda gigi, puli dan alternator) yang digunakan bermaterial S45C dengan yield strength 343 N/mm2. Dari hasil perhitungan dan perancangan yang telah dilakukan, alat yang dibuat bekerja dengan baik sesuai kriteria perancang. Sehingga rancangan ini dapat digunakan untuk membantu menaikkan putaran dari input putaran roda sepeda.
Nilai Purnama Seruling Penataran Sebagai Representasi Pendidikan Karakter di Era Globalisasi
Authors: Nur Azizah Rika Safitri , Maisaroh Anisa Amalia , Muyasaroh Nuria , Hafida Mellina Nur , Inayah Laila
Published: September 2021

Modernization has shifted the existence of local wisdom which has become the national identity due to the influence of the entry of foreign cultures. Various traditions and cultures that are firmly held begin to fade and even disappear with a stronger cultural dominance. This proves the existence of cultural development requires a comprehensive approach, one of which emphasizes the value of preserving culture and character in education. This study aims to find out the philosophical values that are present in the Purnama Seruling Penataran performance through descriptive qualitative methods in order to overcome the significant impact outlined in the learning model. The combination of online and offline is used in collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data for the distribution of information so that young people as the next generation know the ins and outs of preserving the culture of Penataran Temple. The conclusion of this research is that the Purnama Seruling Penataran performance is an effort as well as a form of cultural preservation that saves historical stories and local character values that can be imitated and implemented in everyday life. Purnama Seruling Penataran's philosophical values in this finding are in the form of religious, global diversity, mutual  cooperation, creativity, critical reasoning, and independence.Tidak ada batasan yang jelas atas terjadinya pergeseran antara budaya lokal dan budaya asing, sehingga Indonesia memerlukan penerapan pembelajaran kearifan lokal sebagai upaya penguatannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui nilai filosofis yang hadir dalam pagelaran Purnama Seruling Penataran guna dituangkan dalam kurikulum pembelajaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif diskriptif dengan pendekatan studi etnopedagogi.  Hasil penelitian  menemukan bahwa nilai filosofis dalam pagelaran Purnama Seruling Penataran relevan dengan 5 karakter utama dalam Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter (PPK), yang meliputi religius, nasionalis, integritas, mandiri, dan gotong royong. Adanya penelitian ini dapat dijadikan bahan pembelajaran muatan lokal yang mengangkat potensi daerah. Selain itu, sebagai acuan dalam eksplorasi nilai-nilai karakter kebudayaan lokal lainnya yang nantinya diimplementasikan dalam pendidikan. Berbagai tradisi dan kebudayaan yang dipegang teguh mulai luntur bahkan menghilang dengan dominansi budaya yang lebih kuat. Hal ini membuktikan eksistensi perkembangan budaya diperlukan pendekatan secara komprehensif salah satunya melalui penggalian nilai dalam Purnama Seruling Penataran.
The Fossil Cypraeidae of the Fruitville Member (Unit 4) and Kissimmee River Valley Equivalent, Tamiami Formation of Southern Florida: (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Cypraeidae)
Authors: Daughenbaugh John
Published: September 2021

The disappearance of all Pinecrest and equivalent Cypraeidae species from most of their habitats was caused by the circa 200,000 year cooling period in the mid Piacenzian Pliocene, c. 3.2-3.0 mya, and the associated significantly lower sea levels and dry terrestrial conditions in southern Florida. The cooling period was followed by a warming period, which resulted in the Tamiami Subsea being flooded to its maximum size and produced wide-spread tropical conditions throughout southern Florida, roughly similar to today’s southwest Pacific. This resulted in the renewed radiation and speciation of the Cypraeidae populations. In the Myakka Lagoon System, the eight Pinecrest Member (Unit 7) Cypraeidae species in five genera were followed by ten new species in five genera which emerged in Fruitville (Unit 4) time. In the Kissimmee River Valley, the five Unit 7 equivalent species in three genera were followed by eight new species in three genera, which emerged in that area. The number of genera remains consistent at three with the only species previously assigned to Pseudadusta Petuch, 2004 placed into synonymy with Akleistotoma bairdi (Petuch, 2004). This represented a continuation of geographically separate, but parallel, evolutionary tracks.
A Review of the Carolinean Province Americoliva nivosa Complex (Gastropoda: Olividae) with the Description of a New Subspecies
Authors: Petuch Edward , Berschauer David
Published: September 2021

The common eastern North America and Gulf of Mexico olive shell, Americoliva nivosa (Marrat, 1871), is now known to comprise five separate subspecies that are distributed from Cape Hatteras to the Florida Keys, throughout the Gulf of Mexico to Isla Mujeres, and into the open Atlantic as far as Bermuda. The subspecies, which have disjunct distributions, include: Americoliva nivosa clenchi new subspecies (described here) which ranges from Cape Hatteras to Fort Pierce, Florida; Americoliva nivosa bollingi (Clench, 1934), which ranges from Palm Beach County, Florida south to the Florida Keys and Dry Tortugas; Americoliva nivosa choctaw Petuch and Myers, 2014, which ranges from Apalachicola to Pensacola along the Florida Panhandle of the northern Gulf of Mexico; Americoliva nivosa maya (Petuch and Sargent, 1986), which ranges from the Bay of Campeche to Isla Mujeres along the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico; and Americoliva nivosa nivosa (Marrat, 1871), which is endemic to the island of Bermuda. All five of these distinct subspecies may have evolved from a common ancestor, the mid-Pleistocene (Ionian Age) Americoliva nivosa murielae (Olsson, 1967) from the Bermont Formation of southern Florida. A type locality is also designated for Marrat’s non-localized Americoliva nivosa.
Spelling Correction of a Sumatran Subspecies of Amphidromus albers, 1850
Authors: Parsons Jeff , Abbas John
Published: September 2021

The following are spelling corrections to the names of two rare arboreal snails from Sumatra. The names as originally published by Parsons and Abbas (2016) are Amphidromus (Goniodromus) bulowi Fruhstorfer, 1905 from Mount Singgalang, West Sumatra; and Amphidromus (Goniodromus) bulowi malalakensis Parsons and Abbas, 2016 from Bukit Pandan western Malalak District, West Sumatra. The corrected names are Amphidromus (Goniodromus) buelowi and Amphidromus (Goniodromus) buelowi malalakensis.
Contribution to the knowledge of the Muricidae (Gastropoda) collected during Belgian explorations in Papua New Guinea with the description of a new muricopsine species
Authors: Houart Roland
Published: September 2021

A new muricid species assigned to the genus Favartia is described from Madang Province in Papua New Guinea and is compared with similar-looking species from the Indo-West Pacific. The Muricidae species, excluding Coralliophilinae, collected during several Belgian explorations in Papua New Guinea is listed in the appendix.
The Fossil Cypraeidae of the Fruitville Member (Unit 2) and Kissimmee River Valley Equivalent, Tamiami Formation of Southern Florida: (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Cypraeidae)
Authors: Daughenbaugh John
Published: September 2021

Unit 2 was the last member of the Tamiami Formation of the Late Piacenzian Pliocene. Its ending signaled the commencement of a two stage extinction event. The first stage wounding event resulted in the disappearance of the Akleistostoma (Gardner, 1948), Calusacypraea (Petuch, 1996) and Pseudadusta (Petuch, 2004) genera and the end of the Tamiami Formation.
Two unusual keyhole limpets (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Fissurellidae) from southern California
Authors: Powell Charles , Millard Cheryl
Published: September 2021

Two small keyhole limpets (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Fissurellidae) were collected live by the senior author and his father (Charles Powell) in the winters of 1967 and 1968 from the side/bottom of moderately flat rocks in the low intertidal zone at Doheny Beach State Park, Dana Point, Orange County, southern California. The larger specimen was collected in the winter of 1968 and the small specimen was collected in winter of 1967. These specimens resemble the genus Lucapinella yet do not quite match any of the known species. The shells are also somewhat similar to Dendrofissurella scutellum from South Africa and two species of Amblychilepas from Australia, however neither of the Dohney Beach specimens can be attributed to those species. This possible new species is assigned to the genus Lucapinella and remains unnamed until additional specimens can be located to determine if they are a new species, a rare exotic species, or a very unusual, miniature L. callomarginata.
A New Persicula (Gastropoda: Cysticidae) from Central Brazil
Authors: Coltro José
Published: September 2021

A new small translucid Persicula dredged off Southern Bahia State at depths of 20 up to 30 meters is described and compared to other species.
De dins cap enfora i a l’inrevés: espais geogràfics i activistes al voltant del World Pride 2017
Authors: Domínguez Ruiz Ignacio Elpidio
Published: September 2021

La celebració del World Pride 2017 a Madrid, una mena d’Orgull LGTBI global, va definir un nou equilibri entre els espais simbòlics i les organitzacions vinculades a l’esdeveniment. Aquest article es nodreix d’un treball de camp etnogràfic desenvolupat dins l’activisme LGTBI i l’administració local, amb accés íntim a l’organització del megaesdeveniment. L’anàlisi se centra en l’ampliació dels contextos activistes i geogràfics habituals de l’Orgull de Madrid al voltant de la festa del 2017. L’Ajuntament de Madrid 2015-2019, mitjançant noves eines de patrocini i de coordinació, va afavorir un esdeveniment on el conegut barri de Chueca i les organitzacions activistes habituals van continuar sent el territori i els agents principals, però alhora espais nous i associacions crítiques rebien també finançament i visibilitat, en desconcentrar conscientment les celebracions i les activitats.
Effects of accelerated aging cycles on resin cement-glass ceramic bond strength
Authors: Eskitaşçıoğlu Murat , Bozbay Rabia , Ünalan Değirmenci Beyza
Published: September 2021

Aim: A successful restoration is the result of the proper adhesion between dental tissue, cement and restoration material. The long-term durability of this bond is mandatory for clinical success. The aim of the present study is to investigate the influences of three different thermal cycle applications on resin cement-glass ceramic shear bond strength.

Methodology: In the present study, a single CAD/CAM glass ceramic block and five different resin cements (Panavia V5, RelyX U200, G-CEM LinkForce, RelyX Veneer,and Variolink Esthetic) were used. A total of 240 sections 2 mm in thickness were obtained under water cooling in a precision cutting machine with the aid of a diamond saw. Cementation of glass ceramic samples was conducted in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturer, and the cemented samples were incubated at 37 °C for 24 hours. Afterwards, samples were randomly divided into four groups according to thermal cycle: control group, 1750, 3500 and 7000 cycles (n = 12). Following aging procedures, the samples were tested for shear bond. Statistical analyses were done by using the IBM SPSS 20.0 program. While the ANOVA test was used for intra-group statistical analyses, LSD multi-comparison analysis was used for detection of the inter-group differences. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results: Although an overall reduction was seen in shear bond of all cement groups following thermal cycle applications, this reduction was found to be statistically significant for Panavia V5, RelyX Veneer and Variolink Esthetic (p<0.05). Following 1750 cycles of thermal cycle application, Panavia V5 and G-Cem LinkForce with dual-cure property showed higher shear bond strength than RelyX Veneer and Variolink Esthetic with light-cure structure (p<0.05).

Conclusion: The reduction in bond strength following the thermal cycle procedure is associated with water absorption in the resin cement-glass ceramic interface. So resin cement preferred for cementation of restorations is among the key parameters for clinical success.

 

How to cite this article: Eskitaşçıoğlu M, Bozbay R, Ünalan Değirmenci B. Effects of accelerated aging cycles on resin cement-glass ceramic bond strength. Int Dent Res 2021;11(2):121-8. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.no2.10

 

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
Perception of pain during initial fixed orthodontic treatment
Authors: Topal Refika
Published: September 2021

Aim: The present study aims to evaluate the pain experienced by individuals during the first days of fixed orthodontic treatment.

Methodology: One hundred and twenty patients (65 female; mean age: 18 ± 21 years) were given fixed orthodontic treatment, including the placement of a 0.014 Ni-Ti conventional arch wire (American Orthodontics, Sheboygan, Wisconsin, USA) after the bonding procedure with maxillary and mandibular rear 0.022” slot Roth brackets (Mini Master Series, American Orthodontics, Sheboygan, Wisconsin, USA). A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to assess the level of pain the patients experienced on the first, second, and seventh days of the treatment. The mean VAS scores of the male and female patients were compared using the student’s t-test, ANOVA, and the chi-square test.

Results: Males were found to have higher mean VAS scores on the first and second days of the treatment compared to the females (p = 0.001 and p = 0.038, respectively). A greater proportion of the patients (33.33%) experienced pain on the first day of the treatment compared to the second and seventh days (p <0.05).

Conclusion: It was determined that the patients experienced the highest level of pain on the first day of fixed orthodontic treatment. The male patients experienced a higher level of pain than the females on the first and second days of the treatment.

 

How to cite this article: Topal R. Perception of pain during initial fixed orthodontic treatment. Int Dent Res 2021;11(2):62-6. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.no2.2

 

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
Is there a relation between dental calculus and kidney stone?
Authors: Yıldırım Kadir , Talo Yıldırım Tuba , Acun Kaya Filiz
Published: September 2021

Aim: The purpose of this research is to investigate the frequency of dental calculus in patients with kidney stone and without kidney stone.

Methodology: Two hundred eighty-seven patients (143 men and 144 women) aged between 18 and 68 (mean age 38.38±13.74) were included in the study. Patients were divied two groups in which 143 subjects without kidney stones (group I) and 144 subject with kidney stones (group II). Intra-group and inter-group analyzes were performed in terms of periodontal status and dental calculus index according to educational level, frequency of toothbrushing and smoking. 

Results: The study sample consisted of 287 patients which 143 in group I, 144 in group II. The mean age of the group I was 36.77±12.81 years old, and group II was 39.98±14.47 years old. There was a statistically significant difference between periodontal status and education level, daily tooth brushing and smoking in group I and group II (p<0.05). Both in group I and group II there was a statistically significant difference periodontal calculus index and education level, smoking, daily tooth brushing (p<0.05). In addition, there were significant correlations between dental calculus index and size of the kidney stone.

Conclusion: There is a significant difference between the groups in terms of dental calculus index. There is a need for additional study on this subject in the future.

 

How to cite this article: Yıldırım K, Acun Kaya F, Talo Yıldırım T. Is there a relation between dental calculus and kidney stone? Int Dent Res 2021;11(2):93-8. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.no2.6

 

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
Die Gewalt des Rechts
Authors: Kalthöner Christian
Published: September 2021

The modern idea of the rule of law is based on the assertion that with the establishment of law as a central instrument of control, the incidence of violence within society could be reduced. This understanding of law is radically questioned by Walter Benjamin in his essay "Critique of Violence" and by certain poststructural authors; for them law itself is entangled in a violent momentum.

This study reconstructs the discourse between Walter Benjamin, Jaques Derrida, Giorgio Agamben, and Christoph Menke on the violence of law and reflects on it from a legal perspective. In doing so, it addresses both – the philosophy of law as well as jurisprudence interested in basic principles of law.
Einfluss der Landesverfassungen und ausländischer Verfassungen auf die Grundrechte des Grundgesetzes
Authors: Schulze Florian
Published: September 2021

The fact that the Western constitutional tradition and the Weimar Imperial Constitution had an influence on the emergence of the fundamental rights of the Basic Law is a commonplace that has always remained vague. This work goes beyond this commonplace. The key personalities are identified and the various constitutional texts and documents are compared and contrasted with the help of a methodical approach. From the interplay of personal continuity and material legal correspondences, a multitude of model effects can be demonstrated, whereby the – often misjudged – pre-basic state constitutions in particular play an essential role.
Sobre la casa desde casa: nueva experiencia docente en la asignatura Taller de Arquitectura
Authors: Millán Millán Pablo Manuel
Published: September 2021

El contexto de pandemia que estamos atravesando nos ha obligado a replantear modelos, metodologías, programas y actividades docentes. La docencia en arquitectura ha requerido, en un breve plazo de tiempo, importantes revisiones no solamente instrumentales, sino también de contenidos. Este texto muestra la experiencia desarrollada en Taller de Arquitectura, una asignatura que aglutina en sí varias disciplinas con el objetivo de desarrollar un único proyecto, en este caso el proyecto de una vivida unifamiliar. Desde el área concreta de Historia, Teoría y Composición Arquitectónicas se llevaron a cabo una serie de herramientas específicas para que el alumno pudiera, desde la individualidad de su domicilio, ejecutar una serie de activivades paralelas que lo dotaran de bases teóricas suficientes para poder afrontar el curso con solvencia teórica y práctica.

The context of the pandemic that we are going through has forced us to rethink models, methodologies, programmes, and teaching activities. In a short period of time, teaching architecture has called for important revisions not only of instruments, but also content. This text describes the experience gained in Taller de Arquitectura (Architecture Workshop), a course that brings together several disciplines in the development of one project, in this case the design of a single -family home. From the specific area of Architectural History, Theory and Composition, a series of specific tools were developed so that the student could, from the privacy of his or her own home, undertake a series of parallel activities that would provide him or her with sufficient theoretical bases to tackle the course with theoretical and practical competence.