The Genome Sequence of
Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Adams Mark D. , Celniker Susan E. , Holt Robert A. , Evans Cheryl A. , Gocayne Jeannine D. , Amanatides Peter G. , Scherer Steven E. , Li Peter W. , Hoskins Roger A. , Galle Richard F. , George Reed A. , Lewis Suzanna E. , Richards Stephen , Ashburner Michael , Henderson Scott N. , Sutton Granger G. , Wortman Jennifer R. , Yandell Mark D. , Zhang Qing , Chen Lin X. , Brandon Rhonda C. , Rogers Yu-Hui C. , Blazej Robert G. , Champe Mark , Pfeiffer Barret D. , Wan Kenneth H. , Doyle Clare , Baxter Evan G. , Helt Gregg , Nelson Catherine R. , Gabor George L. , Miklos  , Abril Josep F. , Agbayani Anna , An Hui-Jin , Andrews-Pfannkoch Cynthia , Baldwin Danita , Ballew Richard M. , Basu Anand , Baxendale James , Bayraktaroglu Leyla , Beasley Ellen M. , Beeson Karen Y. , Benos P. V. , Berman Benjamin P. , Bhandari Deepali , Bolshakov Slava , Borkova Dana , Botchan Michael R. , Bouck John , Brokstein Peter , Brottier Phillipe , Burtis Kenneth C. , Busam Dana A. , Butler Heather , Cadieu Edouard , Center Angela , Chandra Ishwar , Cherry J. Michael , Cawley Simon , Dahlke Carl , Davenport Lionel B. , Davies Peter , Pablos Beatriz de , Delcher Arthur , Deng Zuoming , Mays Anne Deslattes , Dew Ian , Dietz Suzanne M. , Dodson Kristina , Doup Lisa E. , Downes Michael , Dugan-Rocha Shannon , Dunkov Boris C. , Dunn Patrick , Durbin Kenneth J. , Evangelista Carlos C. , Ferraz Concepcion , Ferriera Steven , Fleischmann Wolfgang , Fosler Carl , Gabrielian Andrei E. , Garg Neha S. , Gelbart William M. , Glasser Ken , Glodek Anna , Gong Fangcheng , Gorrell J. Harley , Gu Zhiping , Guan Ping , Harris Michael , Harris Nomi L. , Harvey Damon , Heiman Thomas J. , Hernandez Judith R. , Houck Jarrett , Hostin Damon , Houston Kathryn A. , Howland Timothy J. , Wei Ming-Hui , Ibegwam Chinyere , Jalali Mena , Kalush Francis , Karpen Gary H. , Ke Zhaoxi , Kennison James A. , Ketchum Karen A. , Kimmel Bruce E. , Kodira Chinnappa D. , Kraft Cheryl , Kravitz Saul , Kulp David , Lai Zhongwu , Lasko Paul , Lei Yiding , Levitsky Alexander A. , Li Jiayin , Li Zhenya , Liang Yong , Lin Xiaoying , Liu Xiangjun , Mattei Bettina , McIntosh Tina C. , McLeod Michael P. , McPherson Duncan , Merkulov Gennady , Milshina Natalia V. , Mobarry Clark , Morris Joe , Moshrefi Ali , Mount Stephen M. , Moy Mee , Murphy Brian , Murphy Lee , Muzny Donna M. , Nelson David L. , Nelson David R. , Nelson Keith A. , Nixon Katherine , Nusskern Deborah R. , Pacleb Joanne M. , Palazzolo Michael , Pittman Gjange S. , Pan Sue , Pollard John , Puri Vinita , Reese Martin G. , Reinert Knut , Remington Karin , Saunders Robert D. C. , Scheeler Frederick , Shen Hua , Shue Bixiang Christopher , Sidén-Kiamos Inga , Simpson Michael , Skupski Marian P. , Smith Tom , Spier Eugene , Spradling Allan C. , Stapleton Mark , Strong Renee , Sun Eric , Svirskas Robert , Tector Cyndee , Turner Russell , Venter Eli , Wang Aihui H. , Wang Xin , Wang Zhen-Yuan , Wassarman David A. , Weinstock George M. , Weissenbach Jean , Williams Sherita M. , Woodage Trevor , Worley Kim C. , Wu David , Yang Song , Yao Q. Alison , Ye Jane , Yeh Ru-Fang , Zaveri Jayshree S. , Zhan Ming , Zhang Guangren , Zhao Qi , Zheng Liansheng , Zheng Xiangqun H. , Zhong Fei N. , Zhong Wenyan , Zhou Xiaojun , Zhu Shiaoping , Zhu Xiaohong , Smith Hamilton O. , Gibbs Richard A. , Myers Eugene W. , Rubin Gerald M. , Venter J. Craig 
Published: July 2002

The fly
Drosophila melanogaster
is one of the most intensively studied organisms in biology and serves as a model system for the investigation of many developmental and cellular processes common to higher eukaryotes, including humans. We have determined the nucleotide sequence of nearly all of the ∼120-megabase euchromatic portion of the
Drosophila
genome using a whole-genome shotgun sequencing strategy supported by extensive clone-based sequence and a high-quality bacterial artificial chromosome physical map. Efforts are under way to close the remaining gaps; however, the sequence is of sufficient accuracy and contiguity to be declared substantially complete and to support an initial analysis of genome structure and preliminary gene annotation and interpretation. The genome encodes ∼13,600 genes, somewhat fewer than the smaller
Caenorhabditis elegans
genome, but with comparable functional diversity.