bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advances in Data‐Driven Analysis and Synthesis of 3D Indoor Scenes
Authors: Patil Akshay Gadi , Patil Supriya Gadi , Li Manyi , Fisher Matthew , Savva Manolis , Zhang Hao
Published: September 2023

This report surveys advances in deep learning‐based modelling techniques that address four different 3D indoor scene analysis tasks, as well as synthesis of 3D indoor scenes. We describe different kinds of representations for indoor scenes, various indoor scene datasets available for research in the aforementioned areas, and discuss notable works employing machine learning models for such scene modelling tasks based on these representations. Specifically, we focus on theanalysisandsynthesisof 3D indoor scenes. With respect to analysis, we focus on four basic scene understanding tasks – 3D object detection, 3D scene segmentation, 3D scene reconstruction and 3D scene similarity. And for synthesis, we mainly discuss neural scene synthesis works, though also highlighting model‐driven methods that allow for human‐centric, progressive scene synthesis. We identify the challenges involved in modelling scenes for these tasks and the kind of machinery that needs to be developed to adapt to the data representation, and the task setting in general. For each of these tasks, we provide a comprehensive summary of the state‐of‐the‐art works across different axes such as the choice of data representation, backbone, evaluation metric, input, output and so on, providing an organized review of the literature. Towards the end, we discuss some interesting research directions that have the potential to make a direct impact on the way users interact and engage with these virtual scene models, making them an integral part of the metaverse.
Aid is not development: The true character of Pacific aid
Authors: Taylor Dame Meg , Middleby Solstice
Published: September 2023

Motivation

You need not look far to read stories extolling the virtues, promises, and achievements of aid to the Pacific, but such stories are far from lived experience or empirical reality. There are other often silenced stories, stories that need to be heard. They speak of broken promises and obfuscation, oppressive bureaucratic conditions, and private contractors competing for profit off the back of the Pacific's poor and vulnerable people.

Purpose

This article seeks to uncover something of the true character of aid, how it has changed (over the past decade) and how donors, their intermediaries, and Pacific recipients have responded.

Methods and approach

We use our ethnographic and auto‐ethnographic insights to explore repressed stories; insights drawn from seven decades of collective experiences and observations of Australian aid, Australia being the region's largest and most significant donor.

Findings

We see three clear shifts in Australian aid over the last decade: (1) aid has become more politicized, deployed to support Australian interests; (2) aid has been increasingly privatized as much of the aid has been spent through four large Australian and international corporations—with local Pacific companies marginalized; and (3) aid has been increasingly contested by the peoples of the Pacific.

Such changes have encouraged donors to tighten their grip on power. They have encouraged intermediaries to act as their agents, performing high levels of “interpretive labour.” They compete for donor custom and favour.

Recipients of aid have been left with few options: they can comply with donors, thanking them for their generosity. They may resent the way they have been stripped of agency, perhaps looking to China for a different relationship.

Aid of this character is not development. Rather, it is an unchecked donor‐driven system, beset by excessive power and control to benefit the system and its agents. Such aid may result in some success, but it systematically fails to empower Pacific agency and to reduce aid dependency.

Policy implications

A magnitude of change is required. We recommend more space for reflection on the lived experience of aid and on those generative, transformative initiatives occurring outside the aid system.

We urge recipients of aid to take responsibility for development; to demand reform to see platitudes around listening, respect, and partnership become something more than words on a page; to ensure aid invests in long‐term development aligned to Pacific plans and priorities on Pacific terms—or to reject aid outright.
A simple technique to assess resource use in dung beetle breeding studies
Authors: Lewis Megan J. , Berson Jacob D. , Didham Raphael K. , Evans Theodore A.
Published: September 2023

Current methods for identifying resource preferences in dung beetles are based on above‐ground trials. Although useful, these methods do not directly investigate resource provisioning of offspring below ground, missing an important part of dung beetle ecology.

We tested the potential for UV‐fluorescent and non‐fluorescent coloured glitters to be used as markers for tracing the origin of dung incorporated into brood balls (dung shaped by parental beetles enclosing an egg), and so aid in a more complete understanding of resource use in dung beetles. We tested the effect of glitter addition on brood ball production in two species of tunnelling dung beetles, Onthophagus taurus and Euoniticellus fulvus.

There was no effect of glitter addition on brood ball production during no‐choice tests for each species: both species made a similar number of brood balls, regardless of glitter presence or glitter colour. In a separate choice trial, O. taurus showed no preference for dung when presented with four dung pats containing four unique glitter colours.

Here we show that glitter can be used as an effective marker of individual brood ball origin in tunnelling dung beetles. This method provides a useful tool for tracking below ground resource use and larval provisioning experiments in dung beetles.
Towards a mechanistic understanding of variation in aquatic food chain length
Authors: Guo Guanming , Barabás György , Takimoto Gaku , Bearup Daniel , Fagan William F. , Chen Dongdong , Liao Jinbao
Published: September 2023

Ecologists have long sought to understand variation in food chain length (FCL) among natural ecosystems. Various drivers of FCL, including ecosystem size, resource productivity and disturbance, have been hypothesised. However, when results are aggregated across existing empirical studies from aquatic ecosystems, we observe mixed FCL responses to these drivers. To understand this variability, we develop a unified competition‐colonisation framework for complex food webs incorporating all of these drivers. With competition‐colonisation tradeoffs among basal species, our model predicts that increasing ecosystem size generally results in a monotonic increase in FCL, while FCL displays non‐linear, oscillatory responses to resource productivity or disturbance in large ecosystems featuring little disturbance or high productivity. Interestingly, such complex responses mirror patterns in empirical data. Therefore, this study offers a novel mechanistic explanation for observed variations in aquatic FCL driven by multiple environmental factors.
No evidence that the widespread environmental contaminant caffeine alters energy balance or stress responses in fish
Authors: Tan Hung , Brand Jack A. , Clarke Bradley O. , Manera Jack L. , Martin Jake M. , Wong Bob B. M. , Alton Lesley A.
Published: September 2023

Anthropogenic sources of environmental pollution are ever‐increasing as urban areas expand and more chemical compounds are used in daily life. The stimulant caffeine is one of the most consumed chemical compounds worldwide, and as a result, has been detected as an environmental contaminant in all types of major water sources on all continents. Exposure of wildlife to environmental pollutants can disrupt the energy balance of these organisms, as restoration of homeostasis is prioritised. In turn, energy allocated to other key biological processes such as growth or reproduction may be affected, consequently reducing the overall fitness of an individual. Therefore, we aimed to investigate if long‐term exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of caffeine had any energetic consequences on wildlife. Specifically, we exposed wild eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) to one of three nominal concentrations of caffeine (0, 100 and 10,000 ng/L) and assayed individuals for metabolic rate, general activity, antipredator and foraging behaviour and body size as measures of energy expenditure or energy intake. We found no differences in any measured traits between any of the given exposure treatments, indicating that exposure to caffeine at current environmental levels may not adversely affect the energy balance and fitness of vulnerable freshwater fish.
White shirts as sacred amulets: “World‐making” and “self‐making” during the Burmese political festival
Authors: Thein‐Lemelson Seinenu M.
Published: September 2023

Drawing upon Stanley J. Tambiah's idea of “world conquerors” and “world renouncers,” this article examines the Burmese political festival (nainganyei pwe) as a ritual, affective, and material space where former political prisoners reinterpret violence and engage in forms of collective and personal “world‐making.” The article focuses on one practice in particular: the ritual wearing of white shirts by the 88 Generation. It is argued that there are psychological benefits to donning this symbolic attire. Like sacred amulets described by Tambiah, the white shirt provides ontological security to former political prisoners. For leaders (gaungzaungs) in the movement, the white shirts are integral to how they create and embody power, becoming conduits of charismatic authority. Within the context of the nainganyei pwe and when combined with other “technologies of the self,” the white shirts create a feeling of inviolability and allow survivors of political violence to reassert personal and collective agency.
Does it pay to invest in your couple relationship?
Authors: Bokek‐Cohen Ya'arit , Halamish‐Leshem Riki
Published: September 2023

Objective

The objective of the study is to examine the efficacy of relationship investment tactics in improving relationship satisfaction.

Background

Physical and mental health are affected by the quality of the couple relationship. Accordingly, bolstering the couple relationship and enhancing relationship satisfaction is of crucial importance for both partners' well‐being. Using relationship investment tactics may represent a behavioral solution for elevating the quality of the couple bond as well as their satisfaction from their relationship.

Method

A cross‐sectional research design was adopted. The associations between demographic characteristics, relationship investment tactics, and relationship satisfaction were tested using a path analysis.

Results

Employing tactics of emotional gestures, material and instrumental gestures, giving space, and shared activities were found to be positively associated with relationship satisfaction. Using tactics of sex and self‐beautification and helping the partner's family and friends did not entail heightened satisfaction.

Conclusion

Relationships can be improved and transformed by employing relationship investment tactics described in this research report.

Implications

The results indicate that behavioral tactics and patterns, which are easy, simple, and usually free, may be employed to enhance relationship satisfaction. Couple therapists may consider advising clients as to how to prevent relationship decline and helping clients when encountering relationship difficulties by employing these relationship investment tactics.
Parental financial socialization, financial behaviors, and well‐being among Hong Kong young adults amid COVID‐19
Authors: Khan Muhammad Aamir , Li Xiaomin , LeBaron‐Black Ashley B. , Serido Joyce
Published: September 2023

Objective

We investigated how parental financial socialization was related to Hong Kong young adults' financial behaviors and well‐being amid COVID‐19.

Background

We extended existing literature by including two types of financial behaviors: healthy money management (e.g., spending within budget) and financial enabling (i.e., overgiving and sharing financial resources). We focused on well‐being in financial and nonfinancial domains (i.e., financial well‐being and hopelessness, respectively). We also considered moderating roles of gender, family socioeconomic status (SES), and income changes during COVID‐19.

Methods

We collected cross‐sectional survey data from 604 Hong Kong young adults and conducted structural equation modeling.

Results

Parental financial socialization, on the one hand, promoted well‐being via healthier money management. On the other hand, parental financial socialization increased financial enabling and reduced well‐being. The examined associations varied across gender, family SES, and income changes during COVID‐19.

Conclusions

Parental financial socialization was a “double‐edged” sword, and the examined associations varied for young adults with diverse experiences across gender, family SES, and income changes during COVID‐19.

Implications

Efforts are needed to strengthen desired consequences and alleviate undesired ones of parental financial socialization. The different needs and experiences of young adults deserve attention.
The clinical characteristics and molecular epidemiology of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among very elderly people in Japan
Authors: Mitsumoto‐Kaseida Fujiko , Morinaga Yoshitomo , Sasaki Daisuke , Ota Kenji , Kaku Norihito , Sakamoto Kei , Kosai Kosuke , Hasegawa Hiroo , Hayashi Jun , Yanagihara Katsunori
Published: September 2023

Aim

Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major nosocomial infection‐causing pathogen. The clonal shift from staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type II MRSA to SCCmec type IV MRSA has occurred rapidly in acute‐care hospitals. However, the epidemiology and clinical impacts of MRSA in geriatric hospitals are poorly documented. We performed a molecular epidemiological analysis of the clinical isolates and retrospectively investigated the clinical characteristics of SCCmec type IV MRSA in elderly individuals.

Methods

MRSA isolates were grouped according to the SCCmec type and virulence genes (tst, sea, seb, sec, and lukS/F‐PV), and multi‐locus sequence typing (MLST) was performed.

Results

Of the 145 MRSA isolates obtained from patients with a median age of 85 years, 100 (69.0%) were obtained from sputum samples, 22 (15.2%) from skin and soft tissues, and seven (4.8%) from blood samples. The most prevalent clone was SCCmec type IV/clonal complex (CC)1/sea+ (59.3%), followed by SCCmec type I/sequence type (ST) 8 (17.3%). Of the 17 (11.7%) strains to which an anti‐MRSA drug was administered by a physician, only three were SCCmec type IV/CC1/sea+ (17.6%) and five were SCCmec type I/ST8 (29.4%). SCCmec type IV/CC1/sea+ MRSA was more frequently isolated in long‐term care wards than were SCCmec type I/ST8 strains (odds ratio: 2.85, 95% confidence interval: 1.08–7.54) and was less frequently treated as the cause of MRSA infections (odds ratio: 0.15, 95% confidence interval: 0.03–0.73).

Conclusions

SCCmec type IV/CC1/sea+ MRSA was the predominant clone and could be easily transmissible and be capable of colonization. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 744–749.
Implementing patient–public engagement for improved health: Lessons from three Ghanaian community‐based programmes
Authors: Ankomah Samuel E. , Fusheini Adam , Derrett Sarah
Published: September 2023

Background

Community‐based health interventions have been implemented as a key strategy for achieving improved health outcomes in Ghana. Effectiveness, however, largely depends on the successful implementation of patient–public engagement (PPE). Although several PPE studies have been conducted in Ghana, little research has been done to understand the specific role of PPE in the context of implementing community‐based health programmes. This paper, therefore, examines the extent of PPE implementation in three selected community‐based health programmes (Community‐based Health Planning and Service [CHPS], Community‐based Maternal and Child Health and Buruli Ulcer) to understand their specific effects on health outcomes.

Methods

Three focus groups, involving 26 participants, were held in three districts of the Ashanti region of Ghana. Participants were mainly health service users involving community health committee members/volunteers, residents and health professionals. They were invited to participate based on their roles in the design and implementation of the programmes. Participants focused on each of Rifkin's spider‐gram components. Data were transcribed and analysed descriptively using NVIVO 12 Plus.

Results

PPE implementation was found to be extensive across the three programmes in specific areas such as organisation and resource mobilisation. PPE was more restricted in relation to community needs assessment, leadership and management, particularly for the CHPS and Buruli Ulcer programmes.

Conclusion

Findings suggest that benefits from community‐based health interventions are likely to be greater if PPE can be widely implemented across all dimensions of the spider‐gram framework.
Barriers to connecting with the voluntary assisted dying system in Victoria, Australia: A qualitative mixed method study
Authors: White Ben P. , Jeanneret Ruthie , Willmott Lindy
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Voluntary assisted dying (VAD) is increasingly being legalised internationally. In Australia, all six states have now passed such laws, with Victoria being the first in 2019. However, early research in Victoria on the patient experience of seeking VAD shows that finding a connection to the VAD system is challenging. This study analyses the causes of this ‘point of access’ barrier.

Methods

We conducted semi‐structured qualitative interviews with family caregivers and a person seeking VAD, with participants recruited via social media and patient interest groups. Data were thematically analysed. We also undertook documentary analysis (content and thematic) of publicly available reports from the oversight body, the Voluntary Assisted Dying Review Board.

Results

We interviewed 32 family caregivers and one patient across 28 interviews and analysed six Board reports. Finding a point of access to the VAD system was reported as challenging in both interviews and reports. Four specific barriers to connecting with the system were identified: (1) not knowing VAD exists as a legal option; (2) not recognising a person is potentially eligible for VAD; (3) not knowing next steps or not being able to achieve them in practice; and (4) challenges with patients being required to raise the topic of VAD because doctors are legally prohibited from doing so.

Conclusion

Legal, policy and practice changes are needed to facilitate patients being able to find a connection to the VAD system. The legal prohibition on doctors raising the topic of VAD should be repealed, and doctors and institutions who do not wish to be involved in VAD should be required to connect patients with appropriate contacts within the system. Community awareness initiatives are needed to enhance awareness of VAD, especially given it is relatively new in Victoria.

Patient or Public Contribution

Families and a patient were the focus of this research and interviews with them about the experience of seeking VAD were the primary source of data analysed. This article includes their solutions to address the identified point of access barriers. Patient interest groups also supported the recruitment of participants.
The effectiveness of dental water jet in reducing dental plaque and gingival bleeding in orthodontic patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: AlMoharib Hani S. , AlAskar Mansour H. , AlShabib Abdulrahman N. , Almadhoon Hossam Waleed , AlMohareb Thamer S.
Published: September 2023

Introduction

This systematic review and meta‐analysis tests the effectiveness of dental water jet (DWJ) with manual toothbrushes (MTB) compared to MTB alone in oral health maintenance in orthodontic patients.

Methods

Four databases were systematically searched: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (WoS) and Cochrane Library until 6 January 2022 using a combination of medical subject heading (MeSH) terms and keywords. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were only included and critically appraised using the Cochrane Risk of Bias (ROB) tool. The mean difference (MD) effect measure was calculated using the Mantel‐Haenszel statistical test (95% confidence interval [CI]) to compare both study groups (p‐value < 0.05).

Results

After reviewing 5881 studies from a systematic search, six were selected for inclusion, with four involved in the quantitative analysis. The risk of bias was low in two studies, moderate in two studies and high in the remaining two studies. The meta‐analysis showed a significant improvement in plaque index and bleeding scores in DWJ + MTB group compared MTB alone group in orthodontic patients with generalized gingivitis (MD = −0.75, 95% CI [−1.29, −0.22], p = 0.006) and (MD = −0.17, 95% CI [−0.27, −0.08], p = 0.0003), respectively. However, no significant improvement was detected between both groups in the gingival index.

Conclusions

The use of DWJ as an adjunctive device in addition to MTB can be an effective strategy for maintaining oral hygiene in orthodontic patients with gingivitis. However, more high‐quality RCTs are needed to confirm the findings.
Advertorial: Creative Solution or Last Resort?
Authors: Goodlad Neil , Eadie Douglas R. , Kinnin Heather , Raymond Martin
Published: September 2023

In what is becoming an increasingly cluttered competitive environment, advertisers are being forced to identify alternative approaches with which to communicate their messages. This article focuses on one possible approach, the advertorial, a term typically used to describe a print advertisement where the execution, and in particular the copy, is in the editorial style of the host publication. Drawing on a preliminary review of the literature and an exploratory research study, comprising a press review and a series of in‐depth interviews with practitioners, the article considers the profile of the press advertorial and advertising feature within the present advertising environment and their potential as an effective communication tool.
The novel electrical properties in quasi‐2D hybrid improper ferroelectric Sr3Sn2O7 ceramic and the structural modulation
Authors: Xiao Zhifeng , Xiao Tianqi , Wang Shouyu , Huang Shan , Wei Boda , Liu Weifang
Published: September 2023

The quasi‐two‐dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper material, Sr3Sn2O7 with hybrid improper ferroelectricity, has gained significant scientific interest owing to its unique ferroelectric phase transition mechanism. However, its electrical behaviors near the phase transition temperature necessitate further investigation. In this study, high‐quality Sr3Sn2O7 ceramic was successfully prepared, and its temperature‐dependent electrical properties were systematically studied. The phase transition from ferroelectric to paraelectric of Sr3Sn2O7 ceramic near 160°C was evidenced by the varying electrical properties dependence of temperature. It is found that the space‐charge‐limited bulk conduction with deep traps is identified as dominant conduction mechanism for Sr3Sn2O7 ceramic that has high resistivity. An abnormal increasing trend of coercive field with temperature was observed and is discussed with trap‐filling process and octahedral rotation distortion. Interestingly, Sr3Sn2O7 ceramic exhibits negative piezoelectric effect and negative electrostriction responded to biased electric field, which is dramatically influenced by ferroelectric polarization. Overall, this study serves as a reference for exploring the electrical properties of other hybrid improper ferroelectrics, particularly near their Curie temperature.
Accountability focus and nurses' performance: A moderated‐mediation model by using experiment design simulations
Authors: Sharon Ira , Drach‐Zahavy Anat , Srulovici Einav
Published: September 2023

Aim

The aim of this study was to test a moderated‐mediation model, explaining how and under which circumstances a process‐ or an outcome‐accountability focus affects performance.

Design

Randomized controlled design, using screen‐based simulations.

Methods

Data were collected during 2021. Two screen‐based simulations of medication administration (for low‐ and high‐complexity tasks) were used. Each participant was randomly assigned to one of the six experimental conditions. Nurses completed validated questionnaires on strain levels and their perceptions of the simulated task complexity and accountability focus. Performance was assessed via validated checklists assessing nurses' performance of the simulation.

Results

Task complexity significantly moderated the relationship between accountability‐focus conditions and strain. For the process‐accountability‐focus condition, strain levels were lower during high‐complexity tasks compared with low‐complexity tasks, while for the outcome‐accountability‐focus condition, strain levels were lower during low‐complexity tasks compared with high‐complexity tasks. The highest strain levels were observed under the no accountability‐focus condition. Additionally, this interaction had an impact on performance, with nurses' strain playing a mediating role.

Conclusions

Any accountability focus reduces strain levels and enhances performance compared with having no accountability focus. The choice of accountability focus should be based on task‐complexity considerations.

Implications for the Profession and Patient Care

Managers can effectively reduce nurses' strain and improve performance by prioritizing outcome accountability focus for simpler tasks and process accountability focus for complex tasks.

Impact

The study addressed previous ambiguous findings regarding the type of accountability focus that better motivates nurses' performance. By considering accountability focus, nurse managers can balance nurses' strain levels with improved performance.

Reporting Method

We have adhered to the relevant EQUATOR guidelines: CONSORT.

Patient or Public Contribution

There is no patient or public contribution, as the study only concerns the providers of the service, that is the nurses themselves.
Artificial intelligence and digital health in improving primary health care service delivery in LMICs: A systematic review
Authors: Saif‐Ur‐Rahman KM , Islam Md Shariful , Alaboson Joan , Ola Oluwadara , Hasan Imran , Islam Nazmul , Mainali Shristi , Martina Tina , Silenga Eva , Muyangana Mubita , Joarder Taufique
Published: September 2023

Aim

Technology including artificial intelligence (AI) may play a key role to strengthen primary health care services in resource‐poor settings. This systematic review aims to explore the evidence on the use of AI and digital health in improving primary health care service delivery.

Methods

Three electronic databases were searched using a comprehensive search strategy without providing any restriction in June 2023. Retrieved articles were screened independently using the “Rayyan” software. Data extraction and quality assessment were conducted independently by two review authors. A narrative synthesis of the included interventions was conducted.

Results

A total of 4596 articles were screened, and finally, 48 articles were included from 21 different countries published between 2013 and 2021. The main focus of the included studies was noncommunicable diseases (n = 15), maternal and child health care (n = 11), primary care (n = 8), infectious diseases including tuberculosis, leprosy, and HIV (n = 7), and mental health (n = 6). Included studies considered interventions using AI, and digital health of which mobile‐phone‐based interventions were prominent. m‐health interventions were well adopted and easy to use and improved the record‐keeping, service deliver, and patient satisfaction.

Conclusion

AI and the application of digital technologies improve primary health care service delivery in resource‐poor settings in various ways. However, in most of the cases, the application of AI and digital health is implemented through m‐health. There is a great scope to conduct further research exploring the interventions on a large scale.
Neuroanatomical zones of human traumatic brain injury reveal significant differences in protein profile and protein oxidation: Implications for secondary injury events
Authors: Gowthami Niya , Pursotham Nithya , Dey Gourav , Ghose Vivek , Sathe Gajanan , Pruthi Nupur , Shukla Dhaval , Gayathri Narayanappa , Santhoshkumar Rashmi , Padmanabhan Balasundaram , Chandramohan Vivek , Mahadevan Anita , Srinivas Bharath M. M.
Published: September 2023

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes significant neurological deficits and long‐term degenerative changes. Primary injury in TBI entails distinct neuroanatomical zones, i.e., contusion (Ct) and pericontusion (PC). Their dynamic expansion could contribute to unpredictable neurological deterioration in patients. Molecular characterization of these zones compared with away from contusion (AC) zone is invaluable for TBI management. Using proteomics‐based approach, we were able to distinguish Ct, PC and AC zones in human TBI brains. Ct was associated with structural changes (blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption, neuroinflammation, axonal injury, demyelination and ferroptosis), while PC was associated with initial events of secondary injury (glutamate excitotoxicity, glial activation, accumulation of cytoskeleton proteins, oxidative stress, endocytosis) and AC displayed mitochondrial dysfunction that could contribute to secondary injury events and trigger long‐term degenerative changes. Phosphoproteome analysis in these zones revealed that certain differentially phosphorylated proteins synergistically contribute to the injury events along with the differentially expressed proteins. Non‐synaptic mitochondria (ns‐mito) was associated with relatively more differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) compared to synaptosomes (Syn), while the latter displayed increased protein oxidation including tryptophan (Trp) oxidation. Proteomic analysis of immunocaptured complex I (CI) from Syn revealed increased Trp oxidation in Ct > PC > AC (vs. control). Oxidized W272 in the ND1 subunit of CI, revealed local conformational changes in ND1 and the neighboring subunits, as indicated by molecular dynamics simulation (MDS). Taken together, neuroanatomical zones in TBI show distinct protein profile and protein oxidation representing different primary and secondary injury events with potential implications for TBI pathology and neurological status of the patients.

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Patient safety culture predictors and outcomes for sustainable oncology nursing practice: A cross‐sectional correlational study
Authors: Wazqar Dhuha Youssef , Attallah Dena Marwan
Published: September 2023

Aims and Objectives

To examine the predictors and outcomes of patient safety culture (PSC) among oncology nurses working in public Saudi hospitals according to participant characteristics and evaluate the relationship between PSC domains.

Background

PSC is crucial in healthcare systems, particularly in oncology and chemotherapy units, and its assessment can enhance the standard service provided and cancer care quality. There is currently limited research on the status, predictors and outcomes of PSC in cancer care settings in developing countries, including Saudi Arabia.

Design

A cross‐sectional correlational study.

Methods

A convenience sample of 101 oncology nurses working in two large Saudi tertiary care hospitals participated in this study. The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture validated instrument and demographic and work surveys were completed by the participants. The study methods were compliant with the STROBE checklist. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regressions were used to analyse the data.

Results

The areas of PSC strength were related to organizational learning–constant improvement, feedback and communication about errors, and transitions and handoffs. Manager/supervisor actions and expectations, hospital management support, communication openness, experience in the current unit and oncology unit/area were the predictors of PSC. In terms of PSC outcomes, the oncology nurses reported either no or one to two adverse events and a substantially good patient safety rating.

Conclusion

The level of PSC was lower than expected. Communication openness, experience in the current unit and oncology unit/area were the strongest predictors of PSC. Investing in oncology nursing practice that addresses these concerns and prioritizes patient safety is critical in Saudi cancer care settings to increase patient safety.

Relevance to clinical practice

The findings contribute to a better understanding of the predictors and outcomes of PSC, which should be considered when establishing effective nursing interventions or strategies for PSC in cancer care settings.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
Sea Change? Sensemaking, Firm Reactions, and Community Resilience Following Climate Disasters
Authors: Boe‐Lillegraven Siri , Georgallis Panikos , Kolk Ans
Published: September 2023

Communities around the world face increasing risks of climate disasters such as floods, hurricanes, and droughts. What drives firms’ heterogeneous responses to a climate disaster, and what could be the consequences for community resilience? To address these questions, we theorize how different aspects of sensemaking (sense of place, time, certitude, and loss) affect firm responses. Then, aided by an elaborate thought experiment – a narrative scenario of a future flood hitting the Dutch coast – we theorize how heterogeneity in firms’ initial responses can trigger sensemaking‐sensegiving cycles that spiral a community towards reconstruction or unplanned retreat. Our article advances understanding of firms’ heterogenous disaster responses, the drivers of community resilience, and uncovers potential tensions between organizational and community resilience. We also contribute to sensemaking theory by relaxing the popular assumption that sensegiving requires deliberation. Finally, our article showcases how narrative scenarios of future events can expand the methodological toolkit of organization theory and points to new opportunities for future interdisciplinary work.
Assessment of tooth positions of printed complete dentures with different designs and tooth positioning techniques
Authors: Thabet Yasmine Galaleldin , Sabet Marwa Ezzat , Nabil Muhammad Amr , El Saaedi Tarek Mohamed AL Sayed , Mohamed Hebatallah Tarek
Published: September 2023

Purpose

To evaluate the accuracy of tooth positions in printed complete dentures with different designs and teeth positioning techniques.

Materials and Methods

Five different designs of complete dentures and teeth positioning techniques were evaluated in this in vitro study. In Group I, the denture bases and teeth were designed as a single piece. In groups II and III, the denture bases were designed separately, and the denture teeth were designed as separate teeth. In groups IV and V, the denture bases were designed separately, and the denture teeth were designed as a single piece. Teeth positioning keys were designed for groups III and V. The dentures of all groups were scanned, and the data were imported to the surface matching software to evaluate the accuracy of the teeth positions. Statistical analysis was done using One ‐way ANOVA of Variance. The significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05.

Results

The results showed that the highest deviations of the positions of the canines (0.0781 ± 0.0154 mm) and the first molars (0.0611 ± 0.0055 mm) were found in Group II. On the other hand, Group I showed the least deviations of the positions of the canines (0.0287 ± 0.0054 mm) and molars (0.0354 ± 0.005 mm).

Conclusions

The most accurate tooth positions are obtained in monolithic printed complete dentures. Fewer deviations in tooth positions occur when denture teeth are designed as a single piece.
Social media opposition to the 2022/2023 UK nurse strikes
Authors: Kalocsányiová Erika , Essex Ryan , Brophy Sorcha A. , Sriram Veena
Published: September 2023

Previous research has established that the success of strikes, and social movements more broadly, depends on their ability to garner support from the public. However, there is scant published research investigating the response of the public to strike action by healthcare workers. In this study, we address this gap through a study of public responses to UK nursing strikes in 2022–2023, using a data set drawn from Twitter of more than 2300 publicly available tweets. We focus on negative tweets, investigating which societal discourses social media users draw on to oppose strike action by nurses. Using a combination of corpus‐based approaches and discourse analysis, we identified five categories of opposition: (i) discourse discrediting nurses; (ii) discourse discrediting strikes by nurses; (iii) discourse on the National Health System; (iv) discourse about the fairness of strikers' demands and (v) discourse about potential harmful impact. Our findings show how social media users operationalise wider societal discourses about the nursing profession (e.g., associations with care, gender, vocation and sacrifice) as well as recent crises such as the Covid‐19 pandemic to justify their opposition. The results also provide valuable insights into misconceptions about nursing, strike action and patient harm, which can inform strategies for public communication.
Evaluating feedback dynamics between poaching and population with an application to Indian tigers
Authors: Lopes Adrian A.
Published: September 2023

A cornerstone of conservation policy for endangered species subject to illegal harvest involves estimating their population and offtake numbers. Census enumerations are expensive to conduct on nationwide scales, especially in resource‐constrained countries housing such species. Resource and data limitations necessitate the estimation of population counts. The effect of poaching on species recruitment is often ignored in scientific population projections. Estimation of population counts should account for the interactive feedback between harvest and recruitment. Data on tiger population sizes and poaching from 51 reserves in India between 1994 and 2022 were obtained to calibrate a coupled ecological‐economic model of tiger population dynamics and poaching. Cobb–Douglas harvest functions with differing degrees of concavity and scale economies are used to characterize the economics of poaching. Population dynamics are evaluated using exponential and critical depensation growth functions. The predictive abilities of linked models and their parameter parsimony are evaluated using information criteria. Poaching is shown to substantially affect recruitment dynamics and is best characterized by a Schaefer function coupled with critical depensation growth. This paper provides a novel perspective of the interaction between tiger poaching and population dynamics in India. A systematic understanding of coupled ecological‐economic processes would improve the management of high‐value endangered species.
Impaired glycosylation of GmPAP15a, a root‐associated purple acid phosphatase, inhibits extracellular phytate‐P utilization in soybean
Authors: Zhu Shengnan , Guo Qi , Xue Yingbin , Lu Xing , Lai Tao , Liang Cuiyue , Tian Jiang
Published: September 2023

Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient, but easily fixed in soils. Therefore, most of soil P exists in the form of inaccessible organic phosphorus (Po), particularly phytate‐P. Root‐associated purple acid phosphatases (PAPs) are considered to play a crucial role in phosphate (Pi) scavenging in soils. However, evidence for regulating root‐associated PAPs in utilization of extracellular phytate‐P remain largely unknown in plants at both transcriptional and posttranslational levels. In this study, a Pi‐starvation responsive GmPAP15a was identified in soybean (Glycine max). Overexpressing GmPAP15a led to significant increases in root‐associated phytase activities, as well as total P content when phytate‐P was supplied as the sole P resource in soybean hairy roots. Meanwhile, mass spectrometry (MS) analysis showed GmPAP15a was glycosylated at Asn144 and Asn502, and its glycan structures of N‐linked oligosaccharide chains exhibited microheterogeneity. Moreover, two homologues of AtPHR1, GmPHR9 and GmPHR32 were found to activate GmPAP15a transcription through luciferase activity analysis. Taken together, it is strongly suggested that GmPAP15a plays a vital role in phytate‐P utilization in soybean, which might be regulated at both transcriptional and glycosylation modification levels. Our results highlight the GmPHR9/GmPHR32‐GmPAP15a signalling pathway might present, and control phytate‐P utilization in soybean.
Clinical course of post‐kidney transplant Schimke immuno‐osseous dysplasia
Authors: Woo Hyun Ah. , Kim Seong Heon , Ahn Yo Han , Min Sang Il , Ha Jongwon , Ha Il‐Soo , Cheong Hae Il , Kang Hee Gyung
Published: September 2023

Background

Schimke immuno‐osseous dysplasia (SIOD) is a rare systemic disease characterized by short stature, proteinuria, and recurrent infections. Patients usually have spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, and progressive steroid‐resistant nephropathy that leads to kidney failure. However, their clinical course after kidney transplantation (KT) is not yet well known. Here, we present our experience with cases of SIOD treated at our institute.

Case Presentation

Since 2014, three children have been diagnosed with nephropathy resulting from SIOD. They presented with proteinuria in the nephrotic range at 7, 5, and 3 years of age. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis was confirmed and progressed to kidney failure approximately 2 years after proteinuria was detected. These patients underwent living‐donor KT from their parents. After KT, Case 1 lost his graft within 7 months due to multi‐organ failure caused by disseminated adenovirus infection and died. Case 2 experienced graft failure 5 years after KT due to acute rejection from poor compliance. In Case 3, the allograft was still functioning 6 years after KT with low‐dose tacrolimus single medication (trough level < 5 ng/mL). Extra‐renal manifestations progressed regardless of KT, namely, right renal vein thrombosis and pulmonary hypertension in Case 1, severe bilateral hip dysplasia and Moyamoya syndrome in Case 2, and neutropenia and thrombocytopenia in Case 3, in addition to recurrent infection.

Conclusion

In SIOD patients, KT is complicated with recurrent infections due to their inherent immune dysfunction. Additionally, extra‐renal symptoms may render the patients morbid despite the recovery of kidney function.
Spread and control of medical rumors in a social network: A generalized diffusion model with a highly asymmetric network structure
Authors: Liao Chen‐Nan , Chen Ying‐Ju , Chen Vincent (Pei‐Ming)
Published: September 2023

Medical rumors have become a threat to modern society. To study the spread and control of rumors, nonlinear differential equations modeling with the well‐mixed assumption is commonly used. However, this approach ignores the underlying network structure which plays an important role in information spreading. We establish a generalized differential equations model to study the spread and control of medical rumors in a highly asymmetric social network. In our model, each node represents a group of people and a “weighted” and “directed” network describes the communications between these nodes. This network can be generated from real‐world data by community detection algorithms. We provide methods to numerically calculate the final size of a rumor in each node and its derivatives with respect to each parameter. With these methods, if the government has resources to influence the parameters subject to certain constraints or cost functions, one can obtain the optimal resources allocation easily through nonlinear programming algorithms. We show that the implications on the government's resources allocation from the well‐mixed special case in the literature or conventional wisdom may become inapplicable in the general situation. Therefore, the underlying network should not be ignored. Because the final size of a medical rumor is not always the best measure of its damage, we extend our results to a wide class of objectives and show that different objectives result in very different implications. While the lack of a rule of thumb may sound negative, our flexible framework provides a powerful workhorse for interested parties to work out the details in their specific situations. Finally, we provide a sufficient condition for no outbreak of rumors. This condition can serve as a heuristic that a government with abundant resources can use to prevent the outbreak of rumors.
Aquaponics nomenclature matters: It is about principles and technologies and not as much about coupling
Authors: Palm Harry W. , Knaus Ulrich , Kotzen Benz
Published: September 2023

The food production system ‘aquaponics’ has moved a long way from its inceptions in the 1970s and 1980s. This paper suggests that it is the principle of aquaponics that should define what aquaponics is and then the rest follows according to systems and technologies. This paper supports the Palm et al. (Aquac Int. 2018;26(3):813–42) position of having a nutrient supply threshold (>50%) from the feed via the aquatic organisms to the plants. We test the most recent alternative definitions (e.g. Baganz et al. Rev Aquac. 2021;14:252–64) that overcomplicate existing definitions and nomenclature. Any new definition needs to be referential to existing terms and properly tested. This paper does exactly that, concluding that several recent changes by Baganz et al. (Rev Aquac. 2021;14:252–64) are not needed. We also debate that the key principle behind aquaponics is ‘all about coupling’. Whilst coupling is an important aspect, existing technologies and those that will emerge are far more complex. Finally, this paper highlights the idiosyncrasies in the term aquaponics and we suggest an alternative term ‘aquaorganoponics’, which in essence better describes the principles of aquaponics (s.s.) which transfers natural organic compounds combined with microbes in water from the aquaculture unit to the plants.
Mathas, toward understanding the public religious, educational, and political ascetic institution in South Asian religions
Authors: Simmons Caleb
Published: September 2023

Themathais an important yet understudied public religious, political, and educational institution with wide‐ranging influence in the formation of the structures and theology of Hinduism and Jainism. Recently, scholars of South Asian religion have turned their attention to understand these institutions and their role in the creation of sectarian identity and theology, as educational and economic centers, and symbols of sovereign power. This essay is not attempting thorough historical account of ascetic institutions in India. Instead, its focus is to highlight the existing and recent scholarship on themathato encourage more research on the topic. Therefore, this essay provides an overview of recent trends in the scholarship ofmathasin India, focusing on exemplary works that have helped us to understand the history of these institutions more deeply, providing an overview of themathathrough an overview of recent work.