bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A blockchain‐based smart contract model for secured energy trading management in smart microgrids
Authors: Su Xiaole , Hu Yuanchao , Liu Wei , Jiang Zhipeng , Qiu Chan , Xiong Jie , Sun Ju
Published: September 2023

The extension of emerging renewable energy sources such as wind and water turbines, solar panels, and the increasing usage of electric vehicles requires the supply and distribution of energy in a small device on local scale and it has created new methods of supplying and selling electricity. Middle buyers and end users can obtain the local energy with the peer‐to‐peer trading method in this large and hierarchical market. This method enables market to manage and exchange the electricity between major suppliers and medium and local levels. Blockchain technology is developing in peer‐to‐peer exchange of electricity and acts as a reliable, efficient, and safe technology in the electricity trading market. In this method, while preserving the privacy of electricity users, by using smart contracts and by removing intermediaries in the energy supply and demand market, direct commercial interactions between energy suppliers and consumers are done. The blockchain technology, while creating trust between the parties in the energy market, reduces the cost of electricity trading and increases its scalability with using the intermediate energy aggregators. In this research, the blockchain‐based model, is presented for distribution and peer‐to‐peer transactions in the energy market. The suggested model provides the possibility of registration low‐cost instant transactions at the power grid in any specific period of time. The above method, unlike periodic payments, provides immediate access to bills and small payments. Since the transactions outside the blockchain chain are not recorded, this system guarantees its honest and independent operation without fraud and failure. The smart contract method based on blockchain, reduces the transaction fees and speeds up electricity trading. Also, the experimental investigation in 20 nodes shows the time required to determine the exchange contract in the blockchain method. The average is improved by 49.7% in this method. Also, the negotiation convergence time has become 47% faster.
Numerical Investigation of the Inner Profiles in Ironmaking Blast Furnace: Effect of the Ratio of Belly Diameter to Effective Height
Authors: Zhang Xinyang , Jiao Lulu , Li Junjie , Kuang Shibo , Yu Aibing
Published: September 2023

The elaborate and appropriate design of blast furnace (BF) inner profile is indispensable. In practice, in this work, dumpiness, quantified by the ratio of belly diameter to effective height (RD–H), primarily determines the inner profile and significantly affects the BF performance. However, the effects of RD–H on BF operation are not investigated thoroughly, and an optimal range of RD–H is not yet proposed. In this work, a numerical study on this topic is presented to recommend an RD–H range for BF designers. This is achieved by using a recently developed 3D multi‐fluid BF process model based on a 380 m3 industrial BF. In the results, it is shown that both too slender and too dumpy BFs do not favor BF production. Excessively slender BF leads to a dramatic increase in gas pressure drop; however, the saving of coke or the improvement of productivity is insignificant. In contrast, excessively dumpy BF leads to a dramatic increase in coke rate and a significant decrease in productivity. Under the current conditions, the recommended dumpiness exists in the value of RD–H at around 0.35, where a low coke rate, low gas pressure drop, high productivity, and high thermal energy utilization are all ensured.
Field application of a combined serological‐molecular testing protocol for diagnosing genital leptospirosis in naturally infected cows with gestational losses
Authors: Aymée Luiza , Zambrano José Azael , Escalona Rafael Pérez , Palhares Karina , Di Azevedo Maria Isabel Nogueira , Lilenbaum Walter
Published: September 2023

Background

Bovine genital leptospirosis (BGL) causes chronic reproductive disease in cattle. This study aimed to apply a combined serological‐molecular testing protocol under field conditions for diagnosing BGL in cows with gestational losses.

Methods

Three beef herds with reproductive failures were studied, and 60 cows with gestational losses (20 from each herd) were randomly selected for laboratory diagnosis of BGL. In addition, 40 cows with normal pregnancy were included as a control. Blood samples were collected from all 100 cows for microscopic agglutination testing, and cervicovaginal mucus (CVM) samples were collected from 28 cows with gestational losses and 20 control cows for lipL32‐PCR.

Results

All herds had high Leptospira seroreactivity (>65%), mainly against serogroup Sejroe. Ten of the 28 CVM samples from cows with gestational losses were PCR‐positive, while all samples from the control group were negative (p < 0.05).

Limitations

Unfortunately, the positive samples did not amplify in secY‐PCR for nucleotide sequencing, which would allow the identification of leptospiral strains.

Conclusion

Serology was sufficient to indicate leptospirosis at the herd level, but the definitive diagnosis of BGL was only possible using CVM PCR. Although seroreactivity against serogroup Sejroe has been associated with gestational losses, this is the first study to conduct CVM PCR as a confirmatory test for BGL diagnosis in extensive beef herds under field conditions.
A Bayesian theory of mind approach to modeling cooperation and communication
Authors: Stacy Stephanie , Gong Siyi , Parab Aishni , Zhao Minglu , Jiang Kaiwen , Gao Tao
Published: September 2023

Language has been widely acknowledged as the benchmark of intelligence. However, evidence from cognitive science shows that intelligent behaviors in robust social interactions preexist the mastery of language. This review approaches human‐unique intelligence, specifically cooperation and communication, from an agency‐based theory of mind (ToM) account, emphasizing the ability to understand others' behaviors in terms of their underlying mental states. This review demonstrates this viewpoint by first reviewing a series of empirical works on the socio‐cognitive development of young children and non‐human primates in terms of their capacities in communication and cooperation, strongly suggesting that these capacities constitute the origin of human‐unique intelligence. Following, it reviews how ToM can be formalized as a Bayesian inference of the mental states given observed actions. Then, it reviews how Bayesian ToM can be extended to model the interaction of minds in cooperation and communication. The advantage of this approach is that non‐linguistic knowledge such as the visual environment can serve as the contextual constraint for multiple agents to coordinate with sparse and limited signals, thus demonstrating certain cognitive architectures underlying human communication.

This article is categorized under:

Applications of Computational Statistics > Psychometrics

Statistical Models > Bayesian Models

Statistical Models > Agent‐Based Models
Two decades of heart regeneration research: Cardiomyocyte proliferation and beyond
Authors: Huang Herman , Huang Guo N. , Payumo Alexander Y.
Published: September 2023

Interest in vertebrate cardiac regeneration has exploded over the past two decades since the discovery that adult zebrafish are capable of complete heart regeneration, contrasting the limited regenerative potential typically observed in adult mammalian hearts. Undercovering the mechanisms that both support and limit cardiac regeneration across the animal kingdom may provide unique insights in how we may unlock this capacity in adult humans. In this review, we discuss key discoveries in the heart regeneration field over the last 20 years. Initially, seminal findings revealed that pre‐existing cardiomyocytes are the major source of regenerated cardiac muscle, drawing interest into the intrinsic mechanisms regulating cardiomyocyte proliferation. Moreover, recent studies have identified the importance of intercellular interactions and physiological adaptations, which highlight the vast complexity of the cardiac regenerative process. Finally, we compare strategies that have been tested to increase the regenerative capacity of the adult mammalian heart.

This article is categorized under:

Cardiovascular Diseases > Stem Cells and Development
Cost of Capital
Authors: Schoenmaker Dirk , Schramade Willem
Published: September 2023

A company’s value is determined not just by its expected cash flows, but also by its cost of capital, which we explore in this chapter. We start with the cost of financial capital rFV, which is the required minimum return on financial capital that is used in investment decisions. Subsequently, we consider the impact of S (social) and E (environmental) risks on the cost of financial capital. That is, to what extent do companies incur additional (or reduced) financial risk from their S and E exposures? We then address the cost of social capital rSV and the cost of environmental capital rEV in their own right. These tend to be much lower than a company’s cost of financial capital. The flip side is that the present value of assets and liabilities on E and S tends to be quite high, as discounting with a low discount rate reduces the present value of underlying value flows in a limited way. Finally, we put rFV, rSV, and rEV together to obtain the cost of integrated capital, rIV, which is the return on integrated assets that is demanded by the company’s stakeholders on aggregate. Interestingly, rIV gives an indication of the overall risk of the company, which can differ substantially from the risk picture that emerges from a purely financial perspective, even if that financial perspective is taken on an ESG integrated basis.
Capital Market Adaptability, Investor Behaviour, and Impact
Authors: Schoenmaker Dirk , Schramade Willem
Published: September 2023

The efficient markets hypothesis states that stock prices incorporate all relevant information instantaneously. However, investor behaviour is not always fully in line with theoretical predictions. The mechanism behind efficient markets is that a sufficient number of analysts pay attention to newly arriving information, judge it value relevant, and trade on that information. In that way, the new information gets priced in. But there is evidence that learning takes time and that adaptive markets are a better description than efficient markets. In particular, it seems that analysts have been slow to pick up sustainability-related information.

Moreover, stock prices only reflect the effects of (sustainability-related) information on the financial value of companies. There is no ‘market’ (yet) for the diffusion of information on the social and environmental value (impact) of companies. New regulations, scientific research, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and ratings agencies do produce information on companies’ social and environmental impact. They create implicit markets on impact information and price-setting that are continuously evolving. These markets can be used to determine the willingness to pay for impact (and thus derive prices for impact). At the same time, a new breed of impact investors is emerging. These investors look for financial return (profit) as well as impact and may be willing to sacrifice some part of their financial return for higher impact.
Calculating Social and Environmental Value
Authors: Schoenmaker Dirk , Schramade Willem
Published: September 2023

The previous chapters described the importance of balancing the various types of value, but how to calculate those types of value? The core model in corporate finance is the discounted cash flow (DCF) model, used to determine the financial value (FV) of a project or a company. This chapter explains how social (S) and environmental (E) issues can be expressed in value terms to arrive at social value (SV) and environmental value (EV). Recent advances in impact measurement enable companies to measure social and environmental quantities (such as life years saved by medical treatment or carbon emissions from using fossil fuels) and then to multiply these quantities by their respective shadow price, derived from welfare theory.

The reason for monetary valuation of (non-market priced) social and environmental impact is to make them visible, and part of the decision-making process, by integrating SV and EV in the accounting system and business language. A common unit ($, € or any other currency) for financial, social, and environmental aspects of business impacts enables managers (and stakeholders) to compare different value components and to analyse the interactions between these value components. The mental challenge for many managers is to start thinking, analysing, and acting in this way, in spite of data gaps and other hurdles.
Machine-Learned Premise Selection for Lean
Authors: Piotrowski Bartosz , Mir Ramon Fernández , Ayers Edward
Published: September 2023

We introduce a machine-learning-based tool for the Lean proof assistant that suggests relevant premises for theorems being proved by a user. The design principles for the tool are (1) tight integration with the proof assistant, (2) ease of use and installation, (3) a lightweight and fast approach. For this purpose, we designed a custom version of the random forest model, trained in an online fashion. It is implemented directly in Lean, which was possible thanks to the rich and efficient metaprogramming features of Lean 4. The random forest is trained on data extracted from – Lean’s mathematics library. We experiment with various options for producing training features and labels. The advice from a trained model is accessible to the user via the
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tactic which can be called in an editor while constructing a proof interactively.
gym-saturation: Gymnasium Environments for Saturation Provers (System description)
Authors: Shminke Boris
Published: September 2023

This work describes a new version of a previously published Python package — : a collection of OpenAI Gym environments for guiding saturation-style provers based on the given clause algorithm with reinforcement learning. We contribute usage examples with two different provers: Vampire and iProver. We also have decoupled the proof state representation from reinforcement learning per se and provided examples of using a known Python code embedding model as a first-order logic representation. In addition, we demonstrate how environment wrappers can transform a prover into a problem similar to a multi-armed bandit. We applied two reinforcement learning algorithms (Thompson sampling and Proximal policy optimisation) implemented in Ray RLlib to show the ease of experimentation with the new release of our package.
A Linear Perspective on Cut-Elimination for Non-wellfounded Sequent Calculi with Least and Greatest Fixed-Points
Authors: Saurin Alexis
Published: September 2023

This paper establishes cut-elimination for $$\mathsf {\mu LL^\infty }$$, $$\mathsf {\mu LK^\infty }$$ and $$\mathsf {\mu LJ^\infty }$$, that are non-wellfounded sequent calculi with least and greatest fixed-points, by expanding on prior works by Santocanale and Fortier [20] as well as Baelde et al. [3, 4]. The paper studies a fixed-point encoding of $$\textsf{LL}$$ exponentials in order to deduce those cut-elimination results from that of $$\mathsf {\mu MALL^\infty }$$. Cut-elimination for $$\mathsf {\mu LK^\infty }$$ and $$\mathsf {\mu LJ^\infty }$$ is obtained by developing appropriate linear decorations for those logics.
Proof Systems for the Modal $$\mu $$-Calculus Obtained by Determinizing Automata
Authors: Dekker Maurice , Kloibhofer Johannes , Marti Johannes , Venema Yde
Published: September 2023

Automata operating on infinite objects feature prominently in the theory of the modal $$\mu $$-calculus. One such application concerns the tableau games introduced by Niwiński & Walukiewicz, of which the winning condition for infinite plays can be naturally checked by a nondeterministic parity stream automaton. Inspired by work of Jungteerapanich and Stirling we show how determinization constructions of this automaton may be used to directly obtain proof systems for the $$\mu $$-calculus. More concretely, we introduce a binary tree construction for determinizing nondeterministic parity stream automata. Using this construction we define the annotated cyclic proof system $$\textsf{BT}$$, where formulas are annotated by tuples of binary strings. Soundness and Completeness of this system follow almost immediately from the correctness of the determinization method.
On Intuitionistic Diamonds (and Lack Thereof)
Authors: Das Anupam , Marin Sonia
Published: September 2023

A variety of intuitionistic versions of modal logic $$ K $$ have been proposed in the literature. An apparent misconception is that all these logics coincide on their $$\Box $$-only (or $$\Diamond $$-free) fragment, suggesting some robustness of ‘$$\Box $$-only intuitionistic modal logic’. However in this work we show that this is not true, by consideration of negative translations from classical modal logic: Fischer Servi’s $$ IK $$ proves strictly more $$\Diamond $$-free theorems than Fitch’s $$ CK $$, and indeed $$i K $$, the minimal $$\Box $$-normal intuitionistic modal logic.

On the other hand we show that the smallest extension of $$i K $$ by a normal $$\Diamond $$ is in fact conservative over $$i K $$ (over $$\Diamond $$-free formulas). To this end, we develop a novel proof calculus based on nested sequents for intuitionistic propositional logic due to Fitting. Along the way we establish a number of new metalogical results.
Testing the Satisfiability of Formulas in Separation Logic with Permissions
Authors: Peltier Nicolas
Published: September 2023

We investigate the satisfiability problem for a fragment of Separation Logic (SL) with inductively defined spatial predicates and permissions. We show that the problem is undecidable in general, but decidable under some restrictions on the rules defining the semantics of the spatial predicates. Furthermore, if the satisfiability of permission formulas can be tested in exponential time for the considered permission model then SL satisfiability isExptimecomplete.
Non-distributive Description Logic
Authors: van der Berg Ineke , De Domenico Andrea , Greco Giuseppe , Manoorkar Krishna B. , Palmigiano Alessandra , Panettiere Mattia
Published: September 2023

We define LE-$$\mathcal {ALC}$$, a generalization of the description logic $$\mathcal {ALC}$$ based on the propositional logic of general (i.e. not necessarily distributive) lattices, and semantically interpreted on relational structures based on formal contexts from Formal Concept Analysis (FCA). The description logic LE-$$\mathcal {ALC}$$ allows us to formally describe databases with objects, features, and formal concepts, represented according to FCA as Galois-stable sets of objects and features. We describe ABoxes and TBoxes in LE-$$\mathcal {ALC}$$, provide a tableaux algorithm for checking the consistency of LE-$$\mathcal {ALC}$$ knowledge bases with acyclic TBoxes, and show its termination, soundness and completeness. Interestingly, consistency checking for LE-$$\mathcal {ALC}$$ with acyclic TBoxes is in PTIME, while the complexity of the consistency checking of classical $$\mathcal {ALC}$$ with acyclic TBoxes is PSPACE-complete.
Torsion in cohomology and dimensional reduction
Authors: Casas Gonzalo F. , Marchesano Fernando , Zatti Matteo
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Conventional wisdom dictates that ℤN factors in the integral cohomology group Hp(Xn, ℤ) of a compact manifold Xn cannot be computed via smooth p-forms. We revisit this lore in light of the dimensional reduction of string theory on Xn, endowed with a G-structure metric that leads to a supersymmetric EFT. If massive p-form eigenmodes of the Laplacian enter the EFT, then torsion cycles coupling to them will have a non-trivial smeared delta form, that is an EFT long-wavelength description of p-form currents of the (n − p)-cycles of Xn. We conjecture that, whenever torsion cycles are calibrated, their linking number can be computed via their smeared delta forms. From the EFT viewpoint, a torsion factor in cohomology corresponds to a ℤN gauge symmetry realised by a Stückelberg-like action, and calibrated torsion cycles to BPS objects that source the massive fields involved in it.
Enhancing productivity and efficiency in conventional laser metal deposition process for Inconel 718 – Part II: advancing the process performance
Authors: Maffia Simone , Chiappini Federico , Maggiani Gianluca , Furlan Valentina , Guerrini Massimo , Previtali Barbara
Published: September 2023

This paper is the second part of a work focused on optimizing the performance of conventional Laser Metal Deposition (C-LMD) process for Inconel 718 (IN718). In Part I, through an extensive experimental campaign on single tracks, the interplay between process parameters and their impact on the deposition rate, powder catchment efficiency, and clad geometry is examined. The parameters investigated include laser power, scan speed, powder feed rate, and standoff distance. By systematically adjusting these parameters, the aim is to identify optimal conditions that maximize productivity while maintaining a favorable clad shape for multi-pass multi-layer depositions. Part II starts from the findings and results of Part I by continuing the optimization on thick wall structures. These are utilized to assess the effect of 3D geometrical process parameters, specifically hatch spacing and Z-step, on process performance and stability. Based on the findings, further optimization procedure is presented, pushing the boundaries of the C-LMD process for IN718. By fine-tuning the process parameters, the capability of the C-LMD process to deposit fully dense IN718 with a productivity of 1500 g/h and a powder catchment efficiency of 70% is demonstrated. These results highlight the potential of C-LMD as a viable manufacturing technique for efficiently fabricating large components. Overall, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the relationship between process parameters and performance in C-LMD for IN718. The insights gained from this research can guide the development of efficient and cost-effective LMD strategies, facilitating the practical implementation of this process in various industries.
Integrating experimental modeling techniques with the Pareto search algorithm for multiobjective optimization in the WEDM of Inconel 718
Authors: Hewidy Mahmoud , Salem Osama
Published: September 2023

Inconel 718 is a superalloy with a high nickel content that is widely used in applications requiring solid mechanical behavior and resistance to oxidation and corrosion at high temperatures. This alloy has numerous applications in manufacturing steam turbine and jet aircraft interiors, aviation sector manifolds, and rotary spindles. It can be classified as a difficult-to-cut material unsuitable for traditional machining. The purpose of this paper is to develop prediction models for a wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) process using response surface methodology (RSM), artificial neural networks (ANN), and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) and to determine which model is better at making accurate predictions. Pulse_ontime, pulse_offtime, servo voltage, flushing pressure, and wire feed were considered the main factors affecting volumetric material removal rate (VMRR) and arithmetic surface roughness (Ra), which were evaluated as WEDM performance characteristics. I-optimal design made with a computer algorithm was employed to develop experimental models. The results reveal that the wire feed and pulse_ontime were the most vital factors influencing VMRR, respectively, and the most significant factor influencing Ra is the pulse_ontime. The total percentage error of the three models demonstrated that the ANN and ANFIS models are more reliable and accurate than the RSM mathematical model. Finally, multiobjective optimization using the Pareto search algorithm was used to optimize mathematical, ANN, and ANFIS models to determine the optimum WEDM process parameters for machining Inconel 718 superalloy.
Analysis of the single reference coupled cluster method for electronic structure calculations: the full-coupled cluster equations
Authors: Hassan Muhammad , Maday Yvon , Wang Yipeng
Published: September 2023

The central problem in electronic structure theory is the computation of the eigenvalues of the electronic Hamiltonian—a semi-unbounded, self-adjoint operator acting on an $$L^2$$

L
2

-type Hilbert space of antisymmetric functions. Coupled cluster (CC) methods, which are based on a non-linear parameterisation of the sought-after eigenfunction and result in non-linear systems of equations, are the method of choice for high-accuracy quantum chemical simulations. The existing numerical analysis of coupled cluster methods relies on a local, strong monotonicity property of the CC function that is valid only in a perturbative regime, i.e., when the sought-after ground state CC solution is sufficiently close to zero. In this article, we introduce a new well-posedness analysis for the single reference coupled cluster method based on the invertibility of the CC derivative. Under the minimal assumption that the sought-after eigenfunction is intermediately normalisable and the associated eigenvalue is isolated and non-degenerate, we prove that the continuous (infinite-dimensional) CC equations are always locally well-posed. Under the same minimal assumptions and provided that the discretisation is fine enough, we prove that the discrete Full-CC equations are locally well-posed, and we derive residual-based error estimates with guaranteed positive constants. Preliminary numerical experiments indicate that the constants that appear in our estimates are a significant improvement over those obtained from the local monotonicity approach.
Feeding Jejunostomy Tube in Patients Undergoing Esophagectomy: Utilization and Outcomes in a Nationwide Cohort
Authors: Turner Kevin M. , Delman Aaron M. , Griffith Azante , Wima Koffi , Patel Sameer H. , Wilson Gregory C. , Shah Shimul A. , Van Haren Robert M.
Published: September 2023

Background

Feeding jejunostomy (JT) tubes are often utilized as an adjunct to optimize nutrition for successful esophagectomy; however, their utility has come into question. The aim of this study was to evaluate utilization and outcomes associated with JTs in a nationwide cohort of patients undergoing esophagectomy.

Methods

The NSQIP database was queried for patients who underwent elective esophagectomy. JT utilization was assessed between 2010 and 2019. Post‐operative outcomes were compared between those with and without a JT on patients with esophagectomy‐specific outcomes (2016–2019), with results validated using a propensity score‐matched (PSM) analysis based on key clinicopathologic factors, including tumor stage.

Results

Of the 10,117 patients who underwent elective esophagectomy over the past decade, 53.0% had a JT placed concurrently and 47.0% did not. Utilization of JTs decreased over time, accounting for 60.0% of cases in 2010 compared to 41.7% in 2019 (m = − 2.14 95%CI: [− 1.49]–[− 2.80], p < 0.01). Patients who underwent JT had more composite wound complications (17.0% vs. 14.1%, p = 0.02) and a higher rate of all‐cause morbidity (40.4% vs. 35.5%, p = 0.01). Following PSM, 1007 pairs were identified. Analysis of perioperative outcomes demonstrated a higher rate of superficial skin infections (6.1% vs. 3.5%, p = 0.01) in the JT group. However, length of stay, reoperation, readmission, anastomotic leak, composite wound complications, all‐cause morbidity, and mortality rates were similar between groups.

Conclusions

Among patients undergoing elective esophagectomy, feeding jejunostomy tubes were utilized less frequently over the past decade. Similar perioperative outcomes among matched patients support the safety of esophagectomy without an adjunct feeding jejunostomy tube.
Predictive Factors for Delayed Gastric Emptying After Pancreatoduodenectomy: A Swedish National Registry‐Based Study
Authors: Zdanowski A. Hörberg , Wennerblom J. , Rystedt J. , Andersson B. , Tingstedt B. , Williamsson Caroline
Published: September 2023

Background

Delayed gastric emptying (DGE) is a common complication after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD). DGE causes prolonged hospital stay and a decrease in quality of life. This study analyzes predictive factors for development of DGE after PD, also in the absence of surgical complications.

Method

Data from the Swedish National Pancreatic Cancer Registry for patients undergoing standard and pylorus preserving open PD from January 2010 until June 30, 2018, were collected. Data were analyzed in two groups, no DGE and DGE. A subgroup of patients with DGE but without surgical complications was compared to patients without DGE or any other surgical complication.

Results

In total, 2503 patients were included, of which 470 (19%) had DGE. In the DGE group, 238 had other coexisting surgical complications and 232 had not. Postoperative pancreatic fistula (OR = 4.22, p < 0.001), surgical infection (OR = 1.44, p = 0.013), heart disease (OR = 1.32, p = 0.023) and medical complications (OR = 1.35, p = 0.025) increased the risk for DGE. A standard PD compared with pylorus preserving resection (OR = 1.69, p = 0.001) and a reconstruction with a pancreaticojejunostomy compared with a pancreaticogastrostomy (OR = 1.83, p < 0.001) increased the risk. For patients without surgical complications, a standard PD and reconstruction with pancreaticojejunostomy still increased the risk for DGE.

Conclusion

DGE is more common after standard PD compared to pylorus preserving PD and after reconstruction with PJ compared to PG in this national cohort, both in the presence of other surgical complications as well as in the absence of other complications.
Hepatic Arteriography and C-Arm CT-Guided Ablation (HepACAGA) to Improve Tumor Visualization, Navigation and Margin Confirmation in Percutaneous Liver Tumor Ablation
Authors: Smits Maarten L. J. , Bruijnen Rutger C. G. , Tetteroo Philip , Vonken Evert-jan P. A. , Meijerink Martijn R. , Hagendoorn Jeroen , de Bruijne Joep , Prevoo Warner
Published: September 2023

Purpose

We present a technique that combines Hepatic Arteriography with C-arm CT-Guided Ablation (HepACAGA) to improve tumor visualization, navigation and margin confirmation for percutaneous ablation of liver tumors.

Materials and Methods

All consecutive patients scheduled for HepACAGA between April 20th, 2021, and November 2nd, 2021, were included in this retrospective, cohort study. HepACAGA was performed in an angiography-suite under general anesthesia. The hepatic artery was catheterized for selective contrast injection. C-arm CT and guidance software were then used to visualize the tumor and the microwave antenna was inserted during apnea. Pre- and post-ablation C-arm CTs were performed and ablation margins assessed. Technical success, antenna placement deviation, number of repositions, tumor recurrence, and safety were evaluated. Technical success was defined as a tumor that was ablated according to the HepACAGA technique.

Results

A total of 21 patients (28 tumors) were included. The main tumor type was colorectal cancer liver metastases (11/21, 52%), followed by hepatocellular carcinoma (7/21, 33%), neuroendocrine tumor metastases (1/21, 5%), and other tumor types (2/21, 10%). The technical success rate was 93% (26/28 tumors) with two small hypovascular lesions unable to be identified. A single microwave antenna was used in all patients. The median antenna placement deviation was 1 mm (range 0–6 mm). At a median follow-up time of 16 months (range 5–22 months), there was no tumor recurrence in any patient. Safety analysis showed a complication rate of 5% grade 2 and 5% grade 3.

Conclusion

HepACAGA was demonstrated to be a safe and effective percutaneous ablation technique, without any local tumor recurrence in this study.

Graphic Abstract
Block-pulse integrodifference equations
Authors: Gilbertson Nora M. , Kot Mark
Published: September 2023

We present a hybrid method for calculating the equilibrium population-distributions of integrodifference equations (IDEs) with strictly increasing growth, for populations that are confined to a finite habitat-patch. This method is based on approximating the growth function of the IDE with a piecewise-constant function, and we call the resulting model a block-pulse IDE. We explicitly write out analytic expressions for the iterates and equilibria of the block-pulse IDEs as sums of cumulative distribution functions. We characterize the dynamics of one-, two-, and three-step block-pulse IDEs, including formal stability analyses, and we explore the bifurcation structure of these models. These simple models display rich dynamics, with numerous fold bifurcations. We then use three-, five-, and ten-step block-pulse IDEs, with a numerical root finder, to approximate models with compensatory Beverton–Holt growth and depensatory, or Allee-effect, growth. Our method provides a good approximation for the equilibrium distributions for compensatory and depensatory growth and offers numerical and analytical advantages over the original growth models.
An engineered glove to follow finger function in rheumatoid arthritis: an observational prospective study
Authors: Sulli A. , Clini P. , Bruzzone G. , Signori A. , Vojinovic T. , Paolino S. , Gotelli E. , Hysa E. , Smith V. , Cutolo M.
Published: September 2023

The engineered Hand Test System (HTS) glove has shown high reliability in assessing the baseline functional status of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) hand. Starting from this achievement, the aim of the present observational prospective study was to assess the functionality of the single fingers of rheumatoid hand at follow-up. Eighty RA patients performed HTS glove tests at baseline and among these fifty-six patients were re-tested after 7 months. The HTS glove parameters [Touch Duration (TD), Movement Rate (MR), Inter Tapping Interval (ITI)] were correlated with disease activity and disability clinimetric indexes [Disease Activity Score 28 joint count—C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP), Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI), Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI), Health Assessment Questionnaire—Disability Index (HAQ-DI), grip strength, visual analogue scale of pain (VAS), patient global assessment (PGA)], and with laboratory values. HTS glove parameters (TD, ITI, and MR) showed statistically significant correlations with clinimetric and clinical indexes at both time points (p < 0.05). During follow-up, a statistically significant variation of all HTS glove parameters for the fingers that have performed both the worst or best HTS test at baseline was detected (p < 0.05), while the mean HTS glove parameter values by considering all fingers did not show a statistically significant variation over time, as well as the traditional clinimetric indexes. Besides the objective role in assessing the RA hand function by integrating the traditional clinimetric indexes, the HTS glove seems a useful tool for evaluating worst or best finger function during time by measuring the movement speed.
Prospective evaluation of return to work, health-related quality of life and psychosocial distress after radical cystectomy: 1-year follow-up in 230 employed German bladder cancer patients
Authors: Müller Guido , Butea-Bocu Marius Cristian , Beyer Burkhard , Tully Karl Heinrich , Berg Sebastian , Roghmann Florian , Noldus Joachim , Bahlburg Henning
Published: September 2023

Purpose

To evaluate return to work (RTW), health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and psychosocial distress (PD) after radical cystectomy (RC) and creation of an ileal conduit (IC) or an orthotopic ileal neobladder (NB) for bladder cancer.

Methods

The study relied on prospectively collected data for 842 patients, who underwent 3 weeks of inpatient rehabilitation (IR) after surgery between April 2018 and December 2019. HRQoL (EORTC QLQ-C30) and PD (Questionnaire on Stress in Cancer Patients [QSC-R10]) were evaluated at the beginning (T1) and end (T2) of IR as well as both 6 (T3) and 12 months after surgery (T4). Regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of HRQoL and RTW, respectively.

Results

Two hundred thirty patients (IC n = 51, NB n = 179) were employed before surgery (27.3%). HRQoL improved steadily, while high PD was present in 51.0% of patients at T4. RTW rate was 86.8 and 80.6% at T3 and T4, respectively. Linear regression analysis identified RTW as the only predictor for better HRQoL at T4 (OR [odds ratio] 12.823, 95% CI [confidence interval] 2.927–22.720, p = 0.012). Multivariate regression analysis identified age ≤ 59 years (OR 7.842; 95% CI 2.495–24.645; p < 0.001) as an independent positive predictor and lymph node metastasis (OR 0.220; 95% CI 0.054–0.893; p = 0.034) as an independent negative predictor of RTW at T4.

Conclusion

Global HRQoL improved steadily during the follow-up and RTW rates are high. However, patients often reported high PD, reflecting a need for additional psychosocial support within aftercare.
Geographic longitude in Latin Europe during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries
Authors: Nothaft C. Philipp E.
Published: September 2023

This article surveys surviving evidence for the determination of geographic longitude in Latin Europe in the period between 1100 and 1300. Special consideration is given to the different types of sources that preserve longitude estimates as well as to the techniques that were used in establishing them. While the method of inferring longitude differences from eclipse times was evidently in use as early as the mid-twelfth century, it remains doubtful that it can account for most of the preserved longitudes. An analysis of 89 different estimates for 30 European cities indicates a high degree of accuracy among the longitudes of English cities and a conspicuous displacement eastward (by 5°–7;30°) shared by most longitudes of cities in Italy and France. In both cases, the data suggest a high level of interdependence between estimates for different cities in the same geographic region, although the means by which these estimates were arrived at remain insufficiently known.
Novel algorithms for improved detection and analysis of fluorescent signal fluctuations
Authors: Stopper Gebhard , Caudal Laura C. , Rieder Phillip , Gobbo Davide , Stopper Laura , Felix Lisa , Everaerts Katharina , Bai Xianshu , Rose Christine R. , Scheller Anja , Kirchhoff Frank
Published: September 2023

Fluorescent dyes and genetically encoded fluorescence indicators (GEFI) are common tools for visualizing concentration changes of specific ions and messenger molecules during intra- as well as intercellular communication. Using advanced imaging technologies, fluorescence indicators are a prerequisite for the analysis of physiological molecular signaling. Automated detection and analysis of fluorescence signals require to overcome several challenges, including correct estimation of fluorescence fluctuations at basal concentrations of messenger molecules, detection, and extraction of events themselves as well as proper segmentation of neighboring events. Moreover, event detection algorithms need to be sensitive enough to accurately capture localized and low amplitude events exhibiting a limited spatial extent. Here, we present two algorithms (PBasE and CoRoDe) for accurate baseline estimation and automated detection and segmentation of fluorescence fluctuations.
Prevalence of mutations in common tumour types in Northern England and comparable utility of national and international Trial Finders
Authors: Rae S. , Plummer E. , Fitzgerald L. , Hogarth L. , Bridgewood A. , Brown-Schofield L. , Graham J. , Haigh S. , McAnulty C. , Drew Y. , Haris N. , Bashir S. , Plummer R. , Greystoke A.
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Tumour genomic profiling is of increasing importance in early phase trials to match patients to targeted therapeutics. Mutations vary by demographic group; however, regional differences are not characterised. This was investigated by comparing mutation prevalence for common cancers presenting to Newcastle Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC) to The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and utility of trial matching modalities.

Methods

Detailed clinicogenomic data were obtained for patients presenting September 2017–December 2020. Prevalence of mutations in lung, colorectal, breast and prostate cancer was compared to TCGA GDC Data Portal. Experimental Cancer (EC) Trial Finder utility in matching trials was compared to a Molecular Tumour Board (MTB) and commercial sequencing reports.

Results

Of 311 patients with advanced cancer, this consisted of lung (n = 131, 42.1%), colorectal (n = 44, 14.1%), breast (n = 36, 11.6%) and prostate (n = 18, 5.6%). More than one mutation was identified in the majority (n = 260, 84%). Significant prevalence differences compared to TCGA were identified, including a high prevalence of EGFR in lung (P = 0.001); RB1 in breast (P = 0.0002); and multiple mutations in prostate cancer. EC Trial Finder demonstrated significantly different utility than sequencing reports in identifying trials (P = 0.007).

Conclusions

Regional differences in mutations may exist with advanced stage accounting for prevalence of specific mutations. A national Trial Finder shows utility in finding targeted trials whilst commercial sequencing reports may over-report ‘actionable’ mutations. Understanding local prevalence and trial availability could increase enrolment onto matched early phase trials.
Influence of axis misalignments in stepped planetary gear stages on the excitation behavior—test rig development and simulative analysis
Authors: Westphal Christian , Brimmers Jens , Brecher Christian
Published: September 2023

One challenge in the design of automotive gearboxes is the combination of high power density, high efficiency and low noise emission. With the electrification of the powertrain, the requirements in terms of noise emission and efficiency increase additionally. Stepped planetary gear stages are a potential topology to solve the current challenges in gearbox technology. Current research shows the pronounced misalignment behavior of planetary gear stages, especially with manufacturing or assembly deviations. However, the effects of dynamic misalignment behavior on tooth contacts in stepped planetary gear stages have not been adequately investigated. This paper presents a test rig that allows the investigation of the excitation and displacement behavior of stepped planetary gear stages taking into account adjustable axis misalignments. The axis misalignment of the stepped planetary shafts is introduced with eccentric bushings in this test rig concept. To evaluate the excitation and displacement behavior the transmission error and the displacements of different components can be measured. The test rig is modeled in the dynamic multibody simulation. The tooth contact is modeled using the force module GearForce6D. The axis misalignment is varied in the simulation model and the influence on the excitation and displacement behavior is evaluated. The simulation results show that planet pin position errors have the highest influence on the sun trajectory and the load sharing. The misalignments occurring in the tooth contacts due to inclination and skew of the stepped planetary shaft lead to higher tooth flank pressures and an increase in the total transmission error.
Can mobile health apps with smartphones and tablets be the new frontier of cognitive rehabilitation in older individuals? A narrative review of a growing field
Authors: Maggio Maria Grazia , Luca Antonina , Calabrò Rocco Salvatore , Drago Filippo , Nicoletti Alessandra
Published: September 2023

Introduction

A recent interesting field of application of telemedicine/e-health involved smartphone apps. Although research on mHealth began in 2014, there are still few studies using these technologies in healthy elderly and in neurodegenerative disorders. Thus, the aim of the present review was to summarize current evidence on the usability and effectiveness of the use of mHealth in older adults and patients with neurodegenerative disorders.

Methods

This review was conducted by searching for recent peer-reviewed articles published between June 1, 2010 and March 2023 using the following databases: Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Database, and Web of Science. After duplicate removal, abstract and title screening, 25 articles were included in the full-text assessment.

Results

Ten articles assessed the acceptance and usability, and 15 articles evaluated the efficacy of e-health in both older individuals and patients with neurodegenerative disorders. The majority of studies reported that mHealth training was well accepted by the users, and was able to stimulate cognitive abilities, such as processing speed, prospective and episodic memory, and executive functioning, making smartphones and tablets valuable tools to enhance cognitive performances. However, the studies are mainly case series, case–control, and in general small-scale studies and often without follow-up, and only a few RCTs have been published to date.

Conclusions

Despite the great attention paid to mHealth in recent years, the evidence in the literature on their effectiveness is scarce and not comparable. Longitudinal RCTs are needed to evaluate the efficacy of mHealth cognitive rehabilitation in the elderly and in patients with neurodegenerative disorders.
Science, Not Black Magic: Metal and Glass Production in Africa
Authors: Bandama Foreman , Babalola Abidemi Babatunde
Published: September 2023

Ongoing research continues to show that ancient Africans had their own versions of science that were embedded in local contexts. The apparent lack of writing systems in most of the continent, especially south of the Sahara, was used to undermine the continent’s scientific achievements. Rather than relegate Africa to a simple receiver of science and technology, ancient Africans should be celebrated for their successful improvisation and experimentation. We discuss processes of metal and glass production in western and southern Africa to reveal key aspects of the scientific method in these ancient African technologies and situate the knowledge within an appreciation of inclusive education that embraces diverse ideas and practices of science and technology.
Dynamics of Cell Death Due to Electroporation Using Different Pulse Parameters as Revealed by Different Viability Assays
Authors: Peng Wencheng , Polajžer Tamara , Yao Chenguo , Miklavčič Damijan
Published: September 2023

The mechanisms of cell death due to electroporation are still not well understood. Recent studies suggest that cell death due to electroporation is not an immediate all-or-nothing response but rather a dynamic process that occurs over a prolonged period of time. To investigate whether the dynamics of cell death depends on the pulse parameters or cell lines, we exposed different cell lines to different pulses [monopolar millisecond, microsecond, nanosecond, and high-frequency bipolar (HFIRE)] and then assessed viability at different times using different viability assays. The dynamics of cell death was observed by changes in metabolic activity and membrane integrity. In addition, regardless of pulse or cell line, the dynamics of cell death was observed only at high electroporation intensities, i.e., high pulse amplitudes and/or pulse number. Considering the dynamics of cell death, the clonogenic assay should remain the preferred viability assay for assessing viability after electroporation.