bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kriz Yönetiminde Etkili Liderlik Tarzının Belirlenmesi: Erzurum İli Örneği
Authors: DÜZGÜN Aysegül
Published: December 2020

Küreselleşme ile birlikte krizlerin etkilerinin daha da hissedilir hale gelmesi günümüz işletme liderlerinin üzerine daha fazla sorumluluk yüklemektedir. Krizler hiç beklenmedik bir anda meydana çıkabilmekte kısa ya da uzun vadede devam etmekte ve işletmeleri daha fazla etkileyebilmektedir. Kriz durumunda işletme liderlerinden beklenen ise krizlerin olumsuz etkilerini azaltmak ya da krizi fırsata dönüştürebilecek şekilde yönetmektir. Bu çalışmada kriz yönetiminde hayati öneme sahip olan liderlik tarzlarından hangisinin daha etkili olabileceği belirlenmeye çalışılarak işletme liderlerine yol gösterilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini 2019 yılında Erzurum ilinde faaliyette bulunan iki çağrı merkezinin 103 çalışanı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada regresyon analiz yönteminden faydalanılmış olup araştırma sonucunda sadece kriz öncesi dönemde vizyoner liderliğin etkili olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Türkiye’de Elektronik Devletten Dijital Devlete Doğru
Authors: KARASOY Hasan , BABAOĞLU Pelin
Published: December 2020

Son elli yıldır gelişen iletişim teknolojileri kamu hizmetlerinin sunumunun da köklü değişimlere yol açmış ve küreselleşme sürecinde tetikleyici unsurlardan olmuştur. Kamu hizmetlerinin bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri aracılığıyla sunumu olarak ifade edilen e-devlet kavramı bu süreçte ortaya çıkmış bir kavramdır. Türkiye de 1990’lı yıllardan bu yana bu alandaki dönüşümünü gerçekleştirme çabalarının başladığı görülmektedir. İlk dönemlerde kamu hizmetlerinin internet üzerinden sunumuna odaklanan ve her kurumun bünyesinde yürütülen çabalarla hayata geçirilen uygulamaların günümüzde tek bir portal üzerinden toplanması, kamu kurumları arasındaki koordinasyonun sağlanması yolunda çalışmalar devam etmektedir. Öte yandan bu çalışmalar son yıllarda dünyadaki trendlere paralele olarak dijitalleşme adımlarına dönüşmektedir. Artık hizmet sunumu değil, hizmetin dijitalleşmesi yolunda adımlar atılmaktadır. Bu çalışmaların daha kurumsal bir hale getirilmesi amacıyla Türkiye’de Dijital Dönüşüm Ofisinin kurulduğu görülmektedir. Bu çatı altında devam eden birçok proje bulunmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında e-Devlet çabaları ve dijital dönüşüm projeleri Türkiye özelinde ele alınmıştır.
Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Anti-VEGF Treatment of Medical Retinal Conditions
Authors: Rahimzadeh Mana , Muniraju Ramu , Izadi Shahrnaz
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Ophthalmology services have been significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Frequency of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (Anti-VEGF) injections are important in visual outcomes.
Methods: We conducted an audit on intravitreal services in an NHS district general hospital in the UK including all new patients with diabetic macular oedema (CI-DMO) and wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) who were initiated on intravitreal injection of Aflibercept (EYLEA) between 1st January to 15th July 2020, and had subsequent injections until October 2020. Data on injection dates and visual acuity was extracted, and the total number of all intravitreal injections for all indications between January to September 2020 and the same period in 2019. Delay to treatment was defined as more than 14 days, according to the fixed dosing schedule.
Results: We found 31% (n=17) of patients initiated on treatment for wet AMD and 44% (N=11) for CI-DMO had delayed injections.  There was no correlation between total duration of delay and change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Similarly, we found no association between duration of delay and change in BCVA. The number of intravitreal injections declined during the COVID-19 pandemic by 17.8% compared to 2019.
Conclusion: Majority of patients initiated on anti-VEGF injections just before the pandemic or during the pandemic received injections on time. Where there were significant delays to treatment, there was no detected loss in vision over the short term. However, the long-term impact and impact of overall reduction in intravitreal injections are unknown.
HOW DO LAND USE REGULATIONS INFLUENCE INDUSTRIAL LAND PRICES? EVIDENCE FROM CHINA
Authors: Tu Fan , Zou Shuangling , Ding Ran
Published: December 2020

Due to low industrial land prices and inefficiently used industrial land, China’s central government has reformed land regulations in order to promote more market-oriented industrial land. Considering the differences in land management between developed and developing countries, this study aims to investigate the impact of land use regulations on industrial land prices in China and the effect of market-oriented reforms of industrial land policy. Measures that capture multiple dimensions of land use regulation tools are incorporated into OLS models based on a micro dataset from 1999 to 2016 that covers Jiaxing City in Eastern China. The results show that (1) The land policy implemented in 2006 to promote industrial land marketization has had a very limited effect; (2) The impact of land supply on industrial land prices was decreased for land transferred through listings after 2006, which implies an immature marketization; (3) Zoning instruments has obvious effects on industrial land prices; (4) The results imply that the effect of land use regulations varies with firm ownership and development zones. The findings in this paper clearly show that the industrial land market should be more open and competitive and combined with a rational land supply to promote the market-oriented price mechanism.
On the Existence of Shear-current Effects in Magnetized Burgulence
Authors: Käpylä Maarit J. , Vizoso Javier Álvarez , Rheinhardt Matthias , Brandenburg Axel , Singh Nishant K.
Published: December 2020

The possibility of explaining shear flow dynamos by a magnetic shear-current (MSC) effect is examined via numerical simulations. Our primary diagnostics is the determination of the turbulent magnetic diffusivity tensor
η
. In our setup, a negative sign of its component η

yx
is necessary for coherent dynamo action by the SC effect. To be able to measure turbulent transport coefficients from systems with magnetic background turbulence, we present an extension of the test-field method (TFM) applicable to our setup where the pressure gradient is dropped from the momentum equation: the nonlinear TFM (NLTFM). Our momentum equation is related to Burgers’ equation and the resulting flows are referred to as magnetized burgulence. We use both stochastic kinetic and magnetic forcings to mimic cases without and with simultaneous small-scale dynamo action. When we force only kinetically, negative η

yx
are obtained with exponential growth in both the radial and azimuthal mean magnetic field components. Using magnetokinetic forcing, the field growth is no longer exponential, while NLTFM yields positive η

yx
. By employing an alternative forcing from which wavevectors whose components correspond to the largest scales are removed, the exponential growth is recovered, but the NLTFM results do not change significantly. Analyzing the dynamo excitation conditions for the coherent SC and incoherent α and SC effects shows that the incoherent effects are the main drivers of the dynamo in the majority of cases. We find no evidence for MSC-effect-driven dynamos in our simulations.
Testing Disk Identification Methods through Numerical Simulations of Protostellar Evolution
Authors: Aso Yusuke , Machida Masahiro N.
Published: December 2020

We test whether the radii of circumstellar disks can be reliably determined in observations by applying the results of a numerical simulation. First, we execute a core-collapse simulation, which starts from a rotating magnetized spherical core, and continue the calculation until the protostellar mass reaches 0.5 M
⊙. Then, for each set of simulation data, we calculate the radiative transfer to generate the data cube for the synthetic observation. The spatial and velocity resolutions of the synthetic observation are 0.″15 (20 au) and 0.1 km s−1, respectively. We define seven different disk radii. Four radii are estimated from the synthetic observation, using the continuum image, continuum visibility, C18O channel map, and C18O position–velocity (PV) diagram. The other three radii are taken from the simulation and use the disk rotation, infall motion, and density contrast around the protostar to identify the disk. Finally, we compare the disk radii estimated from the systemic observation with those from the simulation. We find that the disk radius defined using the PV diagram can reliably trace the Keplerian disk when the protostellar mass is larger than M
* ≳ 0.2 M
⊙, independent of the inclination angle to the line of sight. In addition, the PV diagram provides an accurate estimate of the central stellar mass through the whole protostellar evolution. The simulation also indicates that the circumstellar disk is massive enough to be gravitationally unstable through the evolution. Such an unstable disk can show either a circular or spiral morphology on a similar timescale.
A Population of Compact Radio Variables and Transients in the Radio-bright Zone at the Galactic Center Observed with the Jansky Very Large Array
Authors: Zhao Jun-Hui , Morris Mark R. , Goss W. M.
Published: December 2020

Using Jansky Very Large Array data obtained from high-resolution observations at 5.5 GHz at multiple epochs in 2014 and 2019, we have detected a population of radio variables and transients in the radio-bright zone at the Galactic center. With observations covering a sky area of 180 arcmin2 at an angular resolution of 0.″4, we report new detections of 110 Galactic center compact radio (GCCR) sources with a size of <1″. The flux densities of GCCR sources exceed 70 μJy, with at least 10σ significance. Among these sources, 82 are variable or transient and 28 are nonvariable. About 10% of them are expected to be extragalactic background sources. We discuss the possible astrophysical nature of the detected sources. As compared to the Galactic disk (GD) population of normal pulsars (NPs) and millisecond pulsars (MSPs), a majority (80%) of the GCCR sources appear to fall within the high flux density tail of the pulsar distribution, as extrapolated from a sample of NPs in the GD. However, MSPs extrapolated from the GD population are too weak to have contributed significantly to the GCCR population that has been detected. We also cross-correlated the GCCR sources with X-ray sources in Chandra X-ray catalogs and found that 42 GCCR sources have candidate X-ray counterparts. Most of the GCCR sources having X-ray counterparts are likely to be associated with unresolved or slightly resolved radio jets launched from X-ray binaries with a compact object, either a black hole or a neutron star.
The Star-forming Main Sequence and the Contribution of Dust-obscured Star Formation since z ∼ 4 from the Far-UV+IR Luminosity Functions
Authors: Rodríguez-Puebla Aldo , Avila-Reese Vladimir , Cano-Díaz Mariana , Faber S. M. , Primack Joel R. , Franco José , Aretxaga I. , Santiago-Mayoral Eder
Published: December 2020

An analytical approach is proposed to study the evolution of the star-forming galaxy (SFG) main sequence (MS) and the fraction of dust-obscured star formation (SF) up to z ∼ 4. Far-ultraviolet (FUV) and infrared (IR) star formation rates (SFRs) are described as conditional probability functions of M
*. We convolve them with the galaxy stellar mass function (GSMF) of SFGs to derive the FUV and IR luminosity functions (LFs). The two SF modes formalism is used to describe starburst galaxies. By fitting observed FUV and IR LFs, the parameterization of SFRFUV−M
* and SFRIR− M
* is constrained. Our derived SFRFUV+IR−M
* reproduces the evolution of the MS as compared to other observational inferences. At any redshift, we find that the sSFRFUV+IR–M
* relation for MS SFGs approaches a power law at the high-mass end. At lower masses, it bends, and eventually, the slope sign changes from negative to positive at very low masses. At z ∼ 0, this change of sign is at M
* ∼ 5 × 108
M
⊙, close to the dust-obscured SF regime, M
* ∼ 6 × 108
M
⊙. The slope sign change is related to the knee of the FUV LF. Our derived dust-obscured fractions agree with previous determinations at 0 ≤ z ≤ 2.5. Dust-obscured fractions depend strongly on mass with almost no dependence on redshift at z ≳ 1.2. At z ≲ 0.75, high-mass galaxies become more “transparent” compared to their high-redshift counterparts. On the other hand, low- and intermediate-mass galaxies have become more obscured by dust. The joint evolution of the GSMF and the FUV and IR LFs is a promising approach to study mass growth and dust formation/destruction mechanisms.
Vegetation of the ﻿"﻿﻿﻿﻿Altipiani di Colfiorito" wetlands (central Apennines, Italy)
Authors: Tardella Federico Maria , Di Agostino Vincenzo Maria
Published: December 2020

The ﻿"Altipiani﻿ di Colfiorito" catchment basin in central Italy features a wetland system of great interest for conservation, composed of seven plains. Considering that most of the relevés conducted in the past refer to one plain and date back to the 1960s, the research aim was to widen and update the vegetation knowledge in the whole wetland system. Two hundred and thirty-nine phytosociological relevés were carried out using the Braun-Blanquet method. On the basis of cluster analysis of the species data set and phytosociological interpretation, 39 vegetation types were classified, most of which of high conservation interest in central Italy, referred to the Potamogetonetea (6 communities), Bidentetea (2), Phragmito-Magnocaricetea (﻿21), Molinio-Arrhenatheretea (9), and Epilobietea angustifolii (1) classes. The new subassociation Phalaridetum arundinaceae alopecuretosum bulbosi is also described. Twenty-two communities found in the past decades by other authors were confirmed, while 17 were new records for the study area. Ten communities were attributed to four habitats of community ﻿interest according to the 92/43/EEC Directive, coded as 3150, 3260, 3270, and 6510. Twenty-four communities were not confirmed (eight of Charetea, Lemnetea minoris, and Potamogetonetea, one of Bidentetea; seven of Phragmito-Magnocaricetea; three of Scheuchzerio-Caricetea fuscae, four of Molinio-Arrhenatheretea and one of Isoëto-Nanojuncetea). Three habitats of community interest (3140, 3170﻿*, and 7230) were not confirmed.
New national and regional Annex I Habitat records: from #16 to #20
Authors: Rivieccio Giovanni , Bagella Simonetta , Bazan Giuseppe , Bonini Federica , Caria Maria Carmela , Dagnino Davide , Mariotti Mauro , Turcato Claudia , Gianguzzi Lorenzo
Published: December 2020

New data on the distribution of the Annex I Habitats 3120, 3260, 6310, 9180* and 92A0 are reported in this contribution. In detail, 3 new occurrences in Natura 2000 Sites are presented and 5 new cells in the EEA 10 km x 10 km Reference grid are added. The new data refer to Italy and in particular to the Administrative Regions of Liguria, Sardinia, Sicily and Umbria. This issue of the section “Habitat records” includes an Errata corrige referring to the last released issue.
Thickness of the subgroup intersection graph of a finite group
Authors: Su Huadong ,   School of Science, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, 535011, P. R. China, Zhu Ling ,   School of Artificial Intelligence, Jiangxi University of Applied Science, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330100, P.R, China
Published: December 2020

Let $ G $ be a finite group. The intersection graph of subgroups of $ G $ is a graph whose vertices are all non-trivial subgroups of $ G $ and in which two distinct vertices $ H $ and $ K $ are adjacent if and only if $ H\cap K\neq 1 $. In this paper, we classify all finite abelian groups whose thickness and outerthickness of subgroup intersection graphs are 1 and 2, respectively. We also investigate the thickness and outerthickness of subgroup intersection graphs for some finite non-abelian groups.
“La Voz del Pueblo, una Canción, una Frase Notable, una Rima, lograron sobrevivir”. El nacimiento de la Estética Musical y el momento musicológico global
Authors: Bohlman Philip V.
Published: December 2020

En esta historia intelectual de la aparición de la estética musical global, trato del nacimiento de la estética como un campo filosófico moderno y la expansión de la historiografía musical hasta incluir el mundo entero. Estos momentos musicológicos globales son muy evidentes en los primeros escritos de Johann Gottfried Herder (1744-1803), quien canalizaría y mantendría esa confluencia a lo largo de su vasta obra publicada. El título de este artículo procede de Herder, específicamente de los volúmenes que llamó Volkslieder (Canciones populares, 1778/79), en los que conecta sus escritos fundacionales sobre estética, Kritische Wälder (Selvas críticas), con el primer concepto integral de estética musical global. La historia de la recepción de Herder es en sí un hilo conductor crítico en la historia intelectual de la estética musical que conecta el siglo XVIII con el XXI. Sigo este hilo conductor hasta el sur de Asia en el siglo XVIII a la búsqueda de una moderna estética musical hindú fundacional, particularmente en el género clásico kriti, del sur de la India, y el vasto dominio estético de la teoría de los rāga, que también dio un giro hacia lo moderno a finales del siglo XVIII. El artículo concluye volviendo al presente con ejemplos de principios estéticos de Herder aplicados a interpretaciones musicales en la actual crisis migratoria global. Es esa historia intelectual, con ejemplos del pasado y del presente, de la Ilustración en Europa y en el sur de Asia, especialmente sus dimensiones globales, la que da forma a la teoría de momentos musicológicos globales que constituye el núcleo de este artículo.
"Vejam bem". José Afonso, Brecht y la vía moderna a la Canção de Protesto
Authors: Rodríguez Campos César
Published: December 2020

El encuentro con la obra y pensamiento de Bertolt Brecht puede ser considerado un momento crucial para el desarrollo artístico del cantautor y poeta portugués José Afonso (Aveiro, 2 de agosto de 1929—Setúbal, 23 de febrero de 1987), dibujando un marco creativo que se ampliará a partir de 1967 como contexto teórico y práctico desde el que entender mucha de su producción. En este sentido, José Afonso lleva al terreno musical popular portugués la reivindicación de Brecht como modelo de intervención cultural que impregna la oposición socialista a la dictadura de Salazar. De este modo, es posible identificar tanto en sus ideas como en sus prácticas compositivas e interpretativas una apropiación consciente de las concepciones brechtianas. Esta apropiación se produce no solo en lo que concierne al papel cultural y político del músico y su música en la ruptura del monolítico orden cultural salazarista, sino también en una dimensión intrínsecamente estética, en la propia utilización de voces cronológica y estilísticamente múltiples para ensamblar artefactos de gran poder expresivo y movilizador. En las canciones de José Afonso, particularmente en las que compuso sobre textos de Brecht, están presentes muchos de los principios y procedimientos constructivos que sitúan al dramaturgo en una línea simultáneamente moderna y políticamente comprometida. Especialmente destacable es la transferencia a la música de los métodos de montaje y superposición de lenguajes, lo que se traduce en un juego ambivalente entre lo tradicional y lo urbano para promover una reconstrucción crítica de lo real. Esto permitiría definir su producción como moderna y popular.
Notas históricas sobre la capilla de música de la colegiata de Santa María de los Reales Alcázares de Úbeda, Jaén (siglos XVI-XVIII)
Authors: Almagro García Antonio , Perales Molada Rosa María , Segura Moreno Isabel
Published: December 2020

Este trabajo es un acercamiento al conocimiento de la capilla de música de la antigua colegiata de Santa María de los Reales Alcázares de Úbeda, Jaén (1258-1852), la primera de las tres existentes en la ciudad, a través del estudio y presentación de la documentación conservada en el Archivo Histórico Municipal de Úbeda —en las actas capitulares municipales conservadas de los siglos XVII y XVIII— y en el Archivo Ducal de Medinaceli (Sevilla), en donde recientemente se han localizado las únicas actas capitulares conocidas de la colegial. Las dificultades del estudio vienen marcadas por la lamentable escasez de fuentes documentales que a su vez lleva a la limitada, aunque importante, existencia de bibliografía sobre el tema. Con todo, se aportan datos de enorme interés sobre un aspecto de la historia musical ubetense muy desconocido —objetivo fundamental del estudio—, al tiempo que se abren caminos para nuevas investigaciones como objeto de futuros trabajos.
Hospitals as Social Brands
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Gupta Punam
Published: December 2020

Reputations of hospitals were traditionally built on the successful treatment of patients, but today advertising and promotions are used by hospitals as they brand themselves. Patients have become customers, and they are enticed by packaged rates and freebies. Hospitals are operating like airlines, advertising their special offers, package rates, and comfortable services. This approach begs the question: Is a hospital a brand like Gucci, which few can afford, or does it have a larger purpose in society? This chapter argues for hospitals to serve society. Their real branding must come from how they serve patients and not from advertising. The chapter draws on the success of the Aravind Eye Hospital and Narayana Hrudayalaya in India, which have adopted a Walmart approach to reduce costs of complex medical procedures, serving the larger society. Such hospitals represent highly successful branding that draws from an ethical rather than a marketing approach that arises from a genuine desire to fulfill human needs rather than frills and fancies that marketing practitioners are familiar with.
Pharmaceutical Promotion
Authors: R. M. Harindranath , Sivakumaran Bharadhwaj
Published: December 2020

The literature on promotional inputs has accumulated over time but continues to be fragmented. While there is a plethora of insights and findings, these are dispersed necessitating a one-stop-shop literature review to cover the ever-increasing research stream. This chapter addresses this gap by organizing and synthesizing the findings of the literature. This review paper covers all the important promotional instruments, such as “free drug samples,” “gifts,” “CME sponsor,” “journal advertising,” and “honorarium.” The chapter develops a novel strategic contribution called “promotional inputs distribution framework,” which gives tips to practitioners regarding promotional inputs; following this framework, salespeople can optimize the promotional cost and increase sales as well. Another novel contribution is the “detailing process” that characterizes the importance of information used to effectively develop the detailing story (or presentation) to physicians. This research also identifies a wider spectrum of research gaps available in the domain to advance knowledge development.
Medical Tourism
Authors: Garrote Andújar Silvia Adela , Araújo Vila Noelia , Brea José Antonio Fraiz , de Araújo Arthur Filipe
Published: December 2020

There is no general agreement within the academic community regarding where medical tourism fits within tourism types and segments. Considering this scenario, the present work conceptualises medical tourism as a sub-segment of health tourism. Medical tourism is generally not well developed, and consequently, not enough studies have addressed it in statistical terms. In this context, the empirical component of this study consists of producing a snapshot of medical tourism in the countries that first started to capitalise on it. Results indicate that the activity is still in an initial phase of development, and provided destinations and businesses continue to provide quality infrastructures and services, it will grow significantly within the following years.
The Importance of Happiness and Well-Being Experience in Health
Authors: Martins Carlos Alberto , Rodrigues Paula
Published: December 2020

This research explains the importance of happiness and well-being in unique health experience and the effect on satisfaction and loyalty in consumer's health thermal spa through a qualitative methodology. The brand chosen is the Vidago Palace Thermal Spa located in the north of Portugal. The combination of different options creates some unique health experiences, which follow the major trends of happiness and well-being, and contributes to a better health and lifestyle. Those attributes built great experiences and support consumer satisfaction and loyalty in health thermal spas.
The Age of Autonomous Internet of Things Devices
Authors: Nambobi Mutwalibi , Ruth Kanyana , Alli Adam A. , Ssemwogerere Rajab
Published: December 2020

The age of autonomous sensing has dominated almost every industry today. Our lives have been engaged with multiple sensors embedded in our smartphones to achieve sensing of all sorts starting from proximity sensing to social sensing. Our possessions (cars, fridges, oven) have sensors embedded in them. The art of autonomous IoT has shifted from a mere detection of events or changes in the environment to dominant systems for social sensing, big data analytics, and smart things. Recently, sensing systems have adapted connectivity resulting in input mechanisms for big data analytics and smart systems resulting in pervasive systems. Currently, a range of sensors has come to existence, for example, mobile phone sensors that measure blood pressure at patients' figure tip, or the sensors that be used to detect deforestation. In this chapter, the authors provide a technical view upon which autonomous IoT devices can be implemented and enlist opportunities and challenges of the same.
An IoT-Based Energy Meter for Energy Level Monitoring, Predicting, and Optimization
Authors: V. Sivakumar , R. Swathi , V. Yuvaraj
Published: December 2020

The current methods of energy monitoring and metering in India are extremely labor-intensive and prone to human errors. The system the authors propose will incorporate an automatic energy reading meter system (AERM) which will aid in the collection of data accurately and efficiently. Additionally, power companies find it hard to withstand the power requirement of a consumer because of a surge in industries, buildings, and population. The usage of electrical appliances has drastically increased over time. As per as energy balance maintains between the energy demand and supply for the power companies are bearing in mind an energy supervision technique. Therefore, there is adoption for load scheduling or load shifting to reduce the electricity bill. So consequently, the authors look into various optimization algorithms for load-shifting.
Machine and Deep Learning Techniques in IoT and Cloud
Authors: Naomi J. Fenila , M. Kavitha , V. Sathiyamoorthi
Published: December 2020

In establishing a healthy environment for connectivity devices, it is essential to ensure that privacy and security of connectivity devices are well protected. The modern world lives on data, information, and connectivity. Various kinds of sensors and edge devices stream large volumes of data to the cloud platform for storing, processing, and deriving insights. An internet of things (IoT) system poses certain difficulties in discretely identifying, remotely configuring, and controlling the devices, and in the safe transmission of data. Mutual authentication of devices and networks is crucial to initiate secure communication. It is important to keep the data in a secure manner during transmission and in store. Remotely operated devices help to monitor, control, and manage the IoT system efficiently. This chapter presents a review of the approaches and methodologies employed for certificate provisioning, device onboarding, monitoring, managing, and configuring of IoT systems. It also examines the real time challenges and limitations in and future scope for IoT systems.
Perspectives of Machine Learning and Deep Learning in Internet of Things and Cloud
Authors: Raju Preethi Sambandam , Rajendran Revathi Arumugam , Mahalingam Murugan
Published: December 2020

For centuries, the concept of a smart, autonomous learning machine has fascinated people. The machine learning philosophy is to automate the development of analytical models so that algorithms can learn continually with the assistance of accessible information. Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) methods are implemented to further improve an application's intelligence and capacities as the quantity of the gathered information rises. Because IoT will be one of the main sources of information, data science will make a significant contribution to making IoT apps smarter. There is a rapid development of both technologies, cloud computing and the internet of things, considering the field of wireless communication. This chapter answers the questions: How can IoT intelligent information be applied to ML and DL algorithms? What is the taxonomy of IoT's ML and DL and profound learning algorithms? And what are real-world IoT data features that require data analytics?
Survelliance of Type I and II Diabetic Subjects on Physical Characteristics
Authors: Rastogi Rohit , Chaturvedi Devendra Kumar , Singhal Parul
Published: December 2020

With the advancement of computation power and internet revolution, IoT, big data, and cloud computing have become the most prevalent technologies in present time. Convergence of these three technologies has led to the development of new opportunities and applications which solve the real time problems in the most efficient way. Though cloud computing and big data have an inherent connection between them, IoT plays a major role of a data source unit. With the explosion of data, cloud computing is playing a significant role in the storage and management. However, the main concern that accompanies IoT are the issues related to privacy, security, power efficiency, computational complexities, etc. Misinterpretation of data and security limitations are the bottlenecks of big data whereas the limitations of cloud computing involve network connection dependency, limited features, technical issues, and security. The chapter considers use cases to address their real time problems and discusses about how to solve these issues by combining these technologies.
Internet of Things and Robotic Applications in the Industrial Automation Process
Authors: G. Seeja , R. Obulakonda Reddy , Kumar Korupalli V. Rajesh , Mounika S. S. L. C. H. , K. Reddy Madhavi
Published: December 2020

The recent industrial scenarios project its advancements and developments with the intervention of integrated technologies including internet of things (IoT), robotics, and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. Industrial 4.0 revolutions have broken the barriers of all restricted industrial boundaries with the act of those interdisciplinary concepts and have taken a keen part in industrial development. Incorporation of these advancements considerably helps in improving product efficiency and in reducing the production cost. Based on categories of production, industrial automation processes may vary. In this regard, robots are playing a vital role to automate the production process at various levels of industrial operations. The combination of IoT, robotics, and AI technologies enhances the industrial productivity towards getting the success rate. This chapter focuses on how robotic technology with IoT and AI methods enhances the limitations of various industrial applications.
Voice-Controlled Biped Walking Robot for Industrial Applications
Authors: Pavitra B. , Narendar Singh D. , Hashmi Mohamamd Farukh
Published: December 2020

Mechanical IoT is proceeding to extend from assembling and keen homes to retail, nourishment bundling, social insurance, and other use cases. For the present makers, modern IoT is quickly turning into an unquestionable requirement on creation lines for reasons of adequacy and hazard relief. Checking sensors must coordinate with generation line gear, including robots. Information streams and checking/announcing modules can give basic way data, trigger reaction conventions, and influence different exercises being followed on different modern systems. Modern IoT can expand perceivability into the states of robots in a production line, ranch, stockroom, or emergency clinic. Data about parts and gear can consistently observe to augment profitability and to decrease line personal time. Voice assistant robot takes the commands of the operator or mentor sets the functionality accordingly which is stored in the database and then execute the given task.
Teaching and Learning Methods for Drug Information
Authors: Fernandez-Llimos Fernando , Borba Helena H. , Mendes Antonio M. , Pontarolo Roberto , Tonin Fernanda S.
Published: December 2020

Healthcare professionals, especially pharmacists, are constantly involved with drug information and should be able to properly select resources and keep updated on new literature and new tools to address a variety of drug information requests. The provision of accurate in-depth drug information requires the development of drug information skills through both didactic and experiential training programs. Considering the complexity of the drug information field and the expanding roles of pharmacists as information resources, this chapter will briefly introduce the main concepts of drug information and discuss the potential methods and challenges for teaching this subject while matching the variety of learning styles.
ICT Integration in Education
Authors: Tikam Madhuri
Published: December 2020

Information and communication technologies (ICT) are influencing every discipline under the sun including education. It is affecting every aspect of education from teaching-learning to assessment and evaluation. It improves the effectiveness of education. It aids literacy movements. It enhances scope of education by facilitating mobile learning and inclusive education. It facilitates research and scholarly communication. Impact of ICT and its potential for the education field is manifold. It positively affects all the stakeholders of the education field. The chapter discusses the same along with the various projects and schemes adopted by the country to spread ICT literacy and competency.
Online Collaborative Learning Tools and Types
Authors: Sawant Sarika
Published: December 2020

Online/web-based collaborative tools enable teachers and students to perform a wide range of tasks, such as interactive discussions, online collaboration activities, sharing and accessing electronic learning resources, and many more others. It not only promotes critical thinking and reflection in students but also encourages them to develop a sense of community, thus enabling the creation of an environment in which further collaborative work can take place. The author has categorised various tools into 11 types that deal with idea generation and brainstorming, live conference, robotics and coding tools, mapping, design, online group work and document collaboration, and online communication and content development. The chapter explains the online collaboration with its features, preparation required by institution and role of teacher presence in online learning. It also emphasizes that library consultations (i.e., librarians) directly boost student learning, so the active collaboration of librarians is a must.
Varieties of Sharing
Authors: Papsdorf Christian , Hertwig Markus
Published: December 2020

This chapter focuses on one element in the digitalisation of work: the forms and conditions of working in the so-called ‘sharing economy' (SE). Based on an analysis of 67 SE platforms, it distinguishes three segments, each of which constitutes a distinctive institutional sphere within the sharing economy: these are an ‘exchange and gift economy', a ‘niche and sideline economy', and the ‘platform economy'. In a further step, the study then identified and compared five dimensions of work within these segments: the type of activity, the form of compensation or recompense involved (monetary or non-monetary), skills and competencies required, the role of technology, and control mechanisms. Each segment is associated with a particular pattern of these dimensions. The chapter then discusses the shift in the traditionally understood determinants of work now observable in the sharing economy. While some of these determinants are being added to by new factors, others are being displaced by internet communities and the socio-technical structures and strategies of the platform providers.
Informational Model of Optical Signals and Images in Machine Vision Systems
Authors: Ryazantsev Oleksandr , Khoroshun Ganna , Riazantsev Andrii , Strelkova Tatyana
Published: December 2020

The rapid development and use of optical systems in measurement, navigation, and space technology to obtain accurate and detailed information about an object of observation is accompanied by the problems of transmitting high quality information through the optical system and processing of the obtained data. Integration of artificial intelligence systems in industry requires the creation and improvement of objective assessment and self-assessment systems. This is especially designed for automated recognition and classification systems. The problem of the object movement registration also contains some peculiarities such as background and main signal separation, noise influence and main objects selecting. Information about data quality is a set of properties that reflects the degree of suitability of specific information. It contains the data about objects and their relationship to achieve the goals of user requirements.
Indoor Navigation Aid Systems for the Blind and Visually Impaired Based on Depth Sensors
Authors: Merchan Fernando , Poveda Martin , Cáceres-Hernández Danilo E. , Sanchez-Galan Javier E.
Published: December 2020

This chapter focuses on the contributions made in the development of assistive technologies for the navigation of blind and visually impaired (BVI) individuals. A special interest is placed on vision-based systems that make use of image (RGB) and depth (D) information to assist their indoor navigation. Many commercial RGB-D cameras exist on the market, but for many years the Microsoft Kinect has been used as a tool for research in this field. Therefore, first-hand experience and advances on the use of Kinect for the development of an indoor navigation aid system for BVI individuals is presented. Limitations that can be encountered in building such a system are addressed at length. Finally, an overview of novel avenues of research in indoor navigation for BVI individuals such as integration of computer vision algorithms, deep learning for the classification of objects, and recent developments with stereo depth vision are discussed.
Technical Vision Model of the Visual Systems for Industry Application
Authors: Sytnik Oleg , Kartashov Vladimir
Published: December 2020

The problems of highlighting the main informational aspects of images and creating their adequate models are discussed in the chapter. Vision systems can receive information about an object in different frequency ranges and in a form that is not accessible to the human visual system. Vision systems distort the information contained in the image. Therefore, to create effective image processing and transmission systems, it is necessary to formulate mathematical models of signals and interference. The chapter discusses the features of perception by the human visual system and the issues of harmonizing the technical characteristics of industrial systems for receiving and transmitting images. Methods and algorithms of pattern recognition are discussed. The problem of conjugation of the characteristics of the technical vision system with the consumer of information is considered.
Exploring Personal Data Sensitivity
Authors: Alaimi Ali , Govind Malathi , Halaweh Mohanad
Published: December 2020

The aim of this exploratory research is to investigate people's perception of data sensitivity and their willingness to share such data. There has been little research within the UAE that identified the public/ordinary people's perspective of what is considered sensitive data and what is not, and which data can/not be shared with others such as social media applications, e-commerce websites, and friends. To achieve the aim of this research, empirical data was collected using a survey designed to evaluate the sensitivity of five categories of data types (personal, contact, online life, financial, and secure identifiers). The research findings revealed that the respondents tended to feel relatively low sensitivity to personal data, but they tended to feel a higher degree of sensitivity to financial-related data, and they are also not willing to share it. However, some personal data items like medical history records were largely deemed as not sensitive according to participants. This paper presents and discusses new insights and research implications based on findings from the UAE context.
Sustainopreneurship and E-Entrepreneurship
Authors: Ghosh Nitu , Prasad S. K.
Published: December 2020

The dynamism in millennial business environment has mandated focused attention to the relationship between entrepreneurship and sustainable development due to the ingenuity of the issues for continual sustainability of business, economics, and society. Sustainopreneurship has received much attention from different research domains recently. Sustainopreneurship can offer a strategic perspective towards further growth and sustenance of e-entrepreneurship that has dramatically revolutionized economic development, industrial growth, and sustainable development of society. This study examines how sustainopreneurship could transform e-entrepreneurship, e-entrepreneurship models, along with dimensions of sustainopreneurship have been highlighted. The research design adopted is conceptual and conclusions have been derived from data solicited through focus group interviews of entrepreneurs and delphi method. A sustaino-e-entrepreneurship model is proposed for accomplishment of SDGs and continual sustainability. The study has immense practical relevance in revolutionizing entrepreneurship.
Implications of Economic Decision Making to the Project Manager
Authors: Galli Brian J.
Published: December 2020

This paper aims to identify and assess the impact of the project manager's economic decision on a project's outcome. Therefore, this paper focuses on whether a project will be economically and financially viable and will meet the interests of both external and internal stakeholders, especially the project manager's attention. Thus, the objective is to find in the decision-making process how economic decisions can provide and ensure an appropriate level of financial return rate to external and internal stakeholders, such as the project manager. The literature review approach was used to identify this economic decision-making implications on the project's outcomes. Studies show how projects' future is associated with decision making. However, a literature review has shown a shortage of research on the impact of only economic decisions on the project manager and project outcome. This study aims to fill that gap.
Avoiding Project Failure and Achieving Project Success in NHS IT System Projects in the United Kingdom
Authors: Verner Carol Matirangana , Sarwar Dilshad
Published: December 2020

Although project success varies from business to business depending on different internally agreed success criteria, most organisations measure project success by analysing if the project delivered the planned project objectives within the set budget, schedule (project timelines), and quality. However, for some projects especially, development projects success goes beyond just meeting time frames and budget goals. In such projects and programmes, success refers to delivering the benefits coupled with the required expectations by stakeholders, beneficiaries, and funding bodies. This paper re-examines why the National Programme for IT (NPfIT), the largest public-sector IT programme that was ever undertaken in the UK, failed and how any future NHS National IT System implementations can be completed successfully.
Exploring the Profile and Behavior of Visitors to Crete
Authors: Mzoughi Oumayma , Baltas George , Baourakis George
Published: December 2020

Greece is one of the countries blessed by astonishing features of nature where tourism is predominately thought of as one of the most powerful sectors that a country could lean on, a key component seeking every pinch of development effort. Under this scope and for the sake of helping to sustain the Greek tourism industry growth, this study is dedicated to assessing tourists' profiles, behavior, and attitudes in Crete, the largest Greek island and the fifth largest in the Mediterranean. A survey method was adopted where 4,411 questionnaires were delivered directly to tourists at the international airport in Chania, Crete. Furthermore, by means of multivariate analysis, the authors will try to assess the occurrence of any meaningful relations between visitors' satisfaction, their perception of the island, and the incentive they show to revisit Crete. The implications will eventually be worthwhile for decision makers to set up pertinent strategic development plans.
Battling against Brown Planthopper in Rice: Genomic Selection in Backcross Breeding to Produce Resistant Cultivars - A Review
Authors: Rathnayake R. M. S. K. , Karunrathne S. I. , Ranaweera L. T. , Rathnayake P. G. R. G. , Sooriyapathirana S. D. S. S.
Published: December 2020

Brown Planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens Stål, imposes a significant threat to the rice cultivation in Sri Lanka, generating 5–10% of annual yield losses. Rice farmers mainly adopt chemical methods to control the BPH attacks. The intensive use of insecticides is a crucial trigger for the development of resistance and hence continuous BPH outbreaks. Thus, the chemical methods of control do not provide a permanent solution to the BPH. The most recommended strategy of resolving the BPH crisis in rice is the development of resistant cultivars. Most of the Sri Lankan rice germplasm has already been screened for BPH resistance; however, reliable molecular breeding strategies must be implemented to acieve this target. Development of BPH resistant cultivars relies on utilizing appropriate genomic selection protocols in breeding schemes such as marker-assisted backcrossing. Therefore, a literature survey was carried out to evaluate BPH control methods and to emphasize the employment of backcross breeding with the genomic selection approach as a precise tool to develop BPH resistant rice varieties. The genetic basis of BPH resistance has been unravelled for many rice cultivars however, further screening is required to identify locally available resistant sources. The polymorphic markers for the foreground and background selection must be developed for the introgression of the BPH resistant genes and recovery of the recurrent parent genome. The validation of the markers developed in the international breeding and genetics programmes for the local germplasm is also an essential step prior to the genomic selection of BPH resistant rice varieties.