bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In-vitro and In-vivo Evaluation of Cevimeline HCl Fast Dissolving Films
Authors: Akash Vemuri , Shailaja P
Published: January 2024

The primary aim and objective of the present work was to formulate the cevimeline HCl fast-dissolving films and assess the films, a pharmaceutical compound utilized for the management of xerostomia symptoms linked to Sjogren’s disease. Fast-dissolving films of cevimeline HCl were formulated by utilizing the solvent casting technique and the sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, HPMC E5, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyvinyl pyrrolidone were used as film-forming agents. Additionally, polyethylene glycol 600 and sodium starch glycolate were used as a super disintegrant and plasticizers. The formulation contains citric acid and stevia powder, which serve the purpose of stimulating saliva and providing sweetness, respectively. This study focused mainly on the development and assessment of cevimeline HCl fast-dissolving films, specifically examining parameters such as film thickness, folding resistance, drug content, air bubble entrapment, and film curling. The obtained results were found to be consistent with the preset ranges established for these parameters. The drug release from the fast-dissolving films formulated with PVP K30 was 99.91% released within 5 minutes timeframe. The results indicates that the films prepared with PVP K30 show enhanced solubility, rate of dissolution, flexibility, and tensile strength in comparison to the films formulated with sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, HPMC E5 and Polyvinyl alcohol. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies were done to characterize the pure drug, polymers and to C11 the optimized formulation. These findings indicated, no observed incompatibilities among the drug and polymers utilized in this study. Moreover, in-vivo investigations were conducted on optimized formulation C11, which demonstrated its notable stability.
Development, Optimization and Characterization of Glimepiride Nanosuspension with Improved Solubility and Dissolution
Authors: . Padmnabh , Bhatt DC
Published: January 2024

Current work describes the development of nanoparticulate suspension (NPs) of glimeperide (GLMP) with enhanced solubility and bioavailability. Using the ultrasonication-assisted precipitation method, GLMP-NP was developed and optimized through the use of a three-factor two-level full factorial design methodology. Drug release, size of a particle, and encapsulation efficiency from nanoparticles were considered as dependent variables while the concentration of Hydroxy propyl cellulose (HPC SSL), Kollicoat IR, and sonication time were considered as independent variables. According to the study, every independent variable significantly affected the dependent variables (p <0.05). The size of the particle GLMP-NP ranged between 159 (F2) to 505 nm (F8) while EE varied from 32 (F8) to 75% (F2). The DR of the GLMP-NP observed at 10 min ranged between 35 (F8) to 100% (F2). A significant enhancement in dissolution rate was observed in GLMP-NPs (F1-F8) in comparison to pure GLMP. It was discovered that pure GLMP dissolved in 27.25 ± 6.8 μg/mL of double-distilled water, while GLMP-NP exhibited 3.50 to 6.58-fold enhancement in saturation solubility. FTIR and DSC analysis revealed excellent compatibility between GLMP and excipients. XRD study confirmed the amorphous nature of the nanoparticles while SEM analysis revealed a smooth surface. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the substantial improvement in dissolution rate and solubility of pure GLMP when formulated as nanoparticles.
Formulation and In-vivo Assessment of Topical Polyherbal Hair Serum to Promote Hair Growth
Authors: Singh Himani , Naidu M A
Published: January 2024

Male pattern baldness, or androgenic alopecia, is a term used to describe hair loss that results from the underlying sensitivity of hair follicles to androgenic shrinkage. Alopecia is caused by environmental factors, hormone imbalances, and/or inherited factors, according to research studies, however, many etiologies are still unclear. The purpose of treating androgenic alopecia is to slow down the thinning of hair and promote hair growth. A small number of natural treatments, along from allopathic medicines, have demonstrated effectiveness in the decades-long combat over alopecia. The main object of the present study was to develop and in-vivo evaluation of hair growth serum. Crude herbs extract of Hibiscus rosa-sinesis, Glycyrrhizza glabra, Eclipta alba, Withania somnifera and Bacopa monnieria were specifically weighed to make polyherbal serum and animal models are rats with induced androgen test to access for hair growth promoting activity. To assess the serum’s potential against alopecia, it was applied topically. Testosterone had been administered subcutaneously for 20 days to cause alopecia in albino rats. Serums made of herbal extracts were administered concurrently to prevent androgen from having the ability to cause baldness. A positive control was provided with finasteride. At the conclusion hair growth activity was assessed visually, follicular density was measured using an ocular micrometer, and the anagen/telogen ratio was measured using an animal skin sample.
Formulation and Evaluation of Mosquito Repellent Stick
Authors: Shriram Bobde K , Devhare Lalchand D , Mehrotra Archana , Deokar Savita S , Singh Surya P
Published: January 2024

Most of mosquito-repellent products and devices are made up of synthetic materials presenting market which causes various harmful effects on human beings. The resistance can be developed by the mosquito due to continuous exposure at high doses. Hence, the present research work represents the development and evaluation of mosquito repellent sticks with the help of various herbal products such as starch powder, wood powder, charcoal powder, eucalyptus oil, coconut oil, lavender oil, lemongrass and cinnamon oil, peppermint and citronella, neem oil making them ozone-friendly, financial effective, non-harmful.
Formulation Development and Characterization of Leonotis nepetaefolia Extract Niosomal Gel for Anti-inflammatory Activity
Authors: Sharma Pravin K , Sonntakke Rupali , Jadhav Sujit A , Chabra Gurmeet , Bhavsar Rupali , Dwivedi Sumeet
Published: January 2024

Inflammation is caused when the microorganism enters in our body and settles at specific tissue or sometimes may circulate into the bloodstream. Leonotis nepetaefolia (LN) flower extract contains various phytochemicals out of which saponins and flavonoids are main constituents. As such the phytochemicals have less permeability in the skin, therefore to enhance them these are loaded in niosomes. In the present work, the extract obtained from flowers of LN was taken to develop niosomal gel. The prepared niosomal gel was evaluated for to determine particle size, EE and zeta potential. Also, the anti-inflammatory activity was reported in the present paper. The study indicates that the niosomal gel possesses significant anti-inflammatory activity.
Design and Characterization of Calcipotriol Proniosomal Gel: In-vivo Exploration against Imiquimod-induced Psoriasis in Experimental Animals
Authors: Gudalwar Bhushan R , Shukla Tarkeshwar P
Published: January 2024

The present work focuses on the preparation and evaluation of calcipotriol proniosomal gel (CPG) and find out if the antipsoriatic formulation could prevent imiquimod (IMQ) induced psoriasis in experimental animals. CPG was designed and developed by the coacervation phase separation method. Cholesterol and soya lecithin was used as membrane modifiers and tween 80 and span 60 as non-ionic surfactants. The developed proniosomal gels were characterized which revealed that the optimized batch CPG3 presented excellent formulation characteristics like viscosity of 9690 ± 1.43 cps, rate of spontaneity as 14 ± 1.37, %entrapment efficiency of 82.71 ± 0.48, the average hydrodynamic diameter of niosomes as 739.1 nm, polydispersibility index as 0.360 and ZP of -2.8 mV. In-vivo animal study of the optimized batch CPG3 was performed along with biochemical estimations of oxidative parameters such as glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase; also, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) were estimated using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) sandwiched. Histopathological estimation along with psoriasis area severity index (PASI) scores in the IMQ-induced psoriatic model revealed a significant decline in the scoring after treatment with CPG3 compared with a psoriatic group. Primary dermal irritation scoring was also evaluated on Sprague Dawley rats. The results revealed a considerable decrease in skin irritation score compared with a psoriatic group. Also, the levels of GSH, SOD and catalase were raised in CPG3 treated group as compared with a psoriatic group. While MDA level was declined after topical treatment with CPG3 compared with a psoriatic group. In conclusion, the optimized CPG3 showed promising pharmacological effects in the treatment of psoriasis
Solubility Enhancement of Poorly Water-Soluble Drug Ritonavir using Polyvinylpyrrolidone and Chitosan-based Platform Technique
Authors: Nilima N Khakal , Nagesh H Aloorkar
Published: January 2024

The antiviral medication ritonavir (RTV) belongs to the biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS) class II drug category and is known for its high permeability and poor solubility. Therefore, the prime objective of this research was to increase the rate of dissolution and improve the solubility of RTV using a polymer system. Solid dispersions consisting of binary polymer components i.e., chitosan (CH) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were prepared using microwave microwave-assisted physical mixing technique and optimization of solid dispersion was performed with 32 factorial designs. Dispersions were analyzed for their physicochemical characteristics by the use of X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The polymeric dispersions prepared were evaluated for the release of RTV throughout 1 h in 0.1N sodium chloride in a USP class II dissolving device. The phase solubility study demonstrated a considerable improvement in the saturation solubility of RTV when CH and PVP K30 were present either individually or in combination. Virtual interaction studies between the drug and polymers revealed physical interactions driven by van der Waals and hydrophobic forces between RTV and excipients. Carbonyl, amine, and hydroxyl groups, among others, were probably present in both RTV and CH, which allowed for these interactions to take place. There was no discernible interaction between the RTV and the polymers included in the FTIR research. The dispersion strategies have improved the dissolving rate, according to the in-vitro drug release investigation. A formulation including a polymeric dispersion of the optimal concentration of PVP and chitosan may efficiently boost the release of RTV, according to the in-vitro release profile.
Optimization of the Photodegradation of Metoclopramide Drug using Super Nanoparticles in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Alhaidry Wesam AL H , Aloraibi Farah , Abbas Jasim M , Alhussein Hawraa AZ , Sattar Ruaa
Published: January 2024

In the present research carry out to remove pharmaceutical pollutants as a model metoclopramide (MCP) drug from an aqueous medium utilizing a photocatalytic degradation method with super nanoparticles called TiO2 nanoparticles (NP). synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles by utilizing the hydrothermal processes. The physical characterizations of materials by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results showed that the efficiency of the TiO2 nanoparticle increased by 88.88%. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation rate increased with decreasing concentration of MCP drug increasing the intensity of the light led to an increase in the rate of photocatalytic degradation. Study effect of several factors, concentration on the drug, mass of nanoparticle, light intensity that the best conditions for the photocatalytic degradation of 0.3 g of the nanocomposite, MCP drug concentration of 50 m/L, pH solution 8, and light intensity 1.7 mW/Cm2, Thus, the photocatalytic degradation increased with decreasing the concentration of MCP drug. The obtained TiO2 nanoparticle exhibits best photocatalytic degradation than the commercial photo-catalysts TiO2 NPs. Finally, it is essential to evaluate the recycled photocatalytic degradation efficiency, which is one of the utmost significant factors towards photodegradation.
Chronopharmacokinetic and Metabolite Studies of the Cardiovascular Medication Sacubitril
Authors: Umarkar Arvind , Panda Subhranshu , Suryavanshi Hemant
Published: January 2024

People with “heart failure with preserved ejection fraction” have heart failure, but their ejection fraction is still pretty normal (HFpEF). When it comes to heart failure, people with normal or nearly normal ejection fractions are more likely to get it than those with lower ejection fractions. In clinical trials with HFpEF, medications such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), aldosterone antagonists, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) did not yield any beneficial results. Sacubitril is prescribed to peritoneal dialysis patients with end-stage renal disease in order to manage their hypertension and heart failure. The concentrations of sacubitril and its primary metabolite in plasma, urine, and peritoneal dialysis fluid were determined using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). This method is effective because it doesn’t take much time but produces good results. Several samples of body fluids were taken with the help of protein precipitation. The positive ion mode of ionization from the UPLC-MS/electrospray MS was used to look at the extracts. With correlation values of 0.99991 for sacubitril, the suggested method was carefully tested. With this method, it is possible to find out exactly how much sacubitril are in plasma, urine, and peritoneal dialysis fluid. It is also honest, dependable, and nice. If the experiment works, we’ll know that peritoneal dialysis changed how sacubitril were cleared from the body.
In-vitro Evaluation and Optimization of Sacubitril and Valsartan Floating Tablet using Natural Polymer
Authors: Goyal Anil K , Kumar Vinesh
Published: January 2024

Oral systems have become gradually extensive for human consumption because of their numerous advantages, such as formulation efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and patient safety compliance. These systems offer a versatile platform for controlled drug release, allowing precise targeting of absorption site in the gastrointestinal tract. Accomplishing ideal therapeutic results for certain medications often requires precise control of drug release at specific locations within the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, our goal was to create a floating drug delivery system for two vital cardiovascular medications, sacubitril and valsartan. Our specific objectives were to extend floating time, prolong stomach residency, and reduce floating lag time. The strategy involved harnessing the synergistic potential of natural polymers in optimal proportions to enhance drug activity. Following the principles of quality by design (QbD), we systematically explored various formulation factors to optimize the drug delivery system. Analysis of tablet characteristics revealed significant variations in key parameters, such as swelling index, floating lag time (FLT), total floating time (TFT), and drug content for both sacubitril and valsartan. The enhanced formulation (F12) stood out with a remarkable swelling index of 93.4%, a floating lag time of 6.7 seconds, and an impressive total floating time of 12 hours. Furthermore, high drug content percentages were achieved, with sacubitril at 98.70% and valsartan at 94.65%. The successful development and optimization of the floating tablet formulation carry substantial clinical implications. The extended gastric retention, controlled drug release, and high drug content of the optimized formulation suggest enhanced bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy for both sacubitril and valsartan. The prolonged total floating time offers convenience to patients, potentially improving medication adherence in managing cardiovascular diseases. In conclusion, this study highlights the formulation and optimization of floating tablets as a noteworthy advancement in drug delivery technology, promising improved therapeutic outcomes and enhanced patient convenience.
Development of Vaginal Tablet of Clotrimazole Prepared by Applying the Concept of Percolatio Threshold
Authors: Rajan Hardikar S , Mustaqeem Shaikh N M , Akbar Ansari D M , Yasir Peerzade M
Published: January 2024

Clotrimazole is the drug of choice in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis and belongs to biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) class IIb. Therefore, it should be presented in appropriate form adopting a suitable formulation approach to ensure its fast and complete release in the vagina. Solid dispersion of clotrimazole was prepared using microcrystalline cellulose as a carrier material after confirming their miscibility into each other by the ‘melting point depression’ method. Vaginal tablets of the solid dispersion of clotrimazole were prepared by direct compression using co-processed crospovidone as a novel disintegrant (1.5% w/w) to ensure fast disintegration of the tablet. Co-processed crospovidone was selected as a novel disintegrant and its proportion in the formulation was decided by applying the concept of percolation threshold. The superior functionality of co-processed crospovidone as a disintegrant was because of its larger pore size i. e., 4.27Ao than the pore size of crospovidone 3.99Ao. The faster ingress of water through the larger pores leads to the fast disintegration of the tablet. Rapid release of the drug from the disintegrated tablet dosage form was confirmed by performing in-vitro antifungal studies. The statistical analysis of the data obtained after applying the student ‘t’ test indicated that there was a difference in the means of zone of inhibitions between the tablets of optimized composition and the tablets the plain clotrimazole at p less than 0.5.
Evaluation of Insulin Loaded Microspheres for Oral Delivery
Authors: Vishwakarma Rinki , Tare Harshal
Published: January 2024

Microsphere-based colon-specific medication delivery devices should improve bioactive chemical administration and residence periods. In the first step, insulin microspheres were made using Eudragit RL 100 and L-100 by quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion. Microspheres were made since prior research showed that colon tissue macrophages could take up drug carrier systems with a molecular weight of 956 m or less. The uptake process allows accurate medication delivery to the specified site. Microspheres’ longer residence time than conventional drug delivery methods may allow dosage reduction and therapeutic efficacy. Because microspheres are permeable, they may be compacted and used to make stronger tablets. Thus, the CPDRS1 formulation performs well, enabling insulin delivery via an anti-diabetic microsphere. Drug-polymer ratio affects microsphere size and form. Variations in emulsifying agent amounts affect microsphere sizes and manufacturing yield. Using appropriate polymer and emulsification agent concentrations improves insulin-loaded Eudrajit L microsphere (Eudrajit RL) formulation and manufacturing yield
Extraction and Characterization of Okra and Almond Gum as a Pharmaceutical Aid
Authors: Chaudhari SR , Dhuppad UR
Published: January 2024

This study centers on the retrieval and analysis of almond gum and okra for their possible use as medicinal additives. Various measures were used to evaluate the extracted gum, including micrometric analyses, flow properties, organoleptic qualities, swelling index, ash value, Carr’s index, and Hausner ratio. Extracted okra gum had outstanding flow properties, as shown by its total ash content of 0.56% w/w, Carr’s index of 71.10%, and Hausner’s ratio of 3.46. The measured pH value was 6.9. Although the gum could not dissolve in organic solvents, it was able to dissolve in warm water. This indicates that the formulation of the chemical may be used without experiencing any negative consequences.
Design and Discovery of Silmitasertib-based Drugs as a Potential Casein Kinase II Inhibitor for Cholangiocarcinoma through Hybrid In-silico Ligand-Based Virtual Screening with Molecular Docking Method
Authors: Tajane Pravin , Kayande Nandu , Bhosale Avinash , Deore Sumit , Tare Harshal
Published: January 2024

This research investigates the design and discovery of silmitasertib-based drugs as potential inhibitors of casein kinase II (CK2) for cholangiocarcinoma using hybrid in-silico methods. The study employs a two-fold approach, including ligand-based virtual screening and molecular docking, to assess the inhibitory potential of silmitasertib-based compounds. The ligand-based virtual screening involves the construction of a diverse compound library, followed by energy minimization and conformational analysis, revealing a set of compounds with varied similarities to silmitasertib. In parallel, the CK2 model undergoes meticulous selection, validation, and refinement through PDB REDO, showcasing significant improvements in model quality. Molecular docking results highlight promising candidates, with N-(2, 4, 6-trimethylphenyl) phenanthridin-6-amine (MCULE-1492185963-0) emerging as a lead compound with superior binding characteristics compared to silmitasertib. This hybrid in-silico approach demonstrates the potential of silmitasertib-based compounds as CK2 inhibitors for cholangiocarcinoma and identifies a lead compound for further experimental validation. The findings contribute valuable insights to the design of novel drugs for cholangiocarcinoma treatment, setting the stage for future experimental and clinical investigations
Design, Development and Physicochemical Evaluation of Effervescent Tablets of Antihistamine Drug
Authors: Nikam Vikrant , Bhosale Avinash
Published: January 2024

Purpose: Effervescent bilastine tablets were the focus of this investigation because of their ease of administration and the fact that some patients, especially younger ones or those with impaired swallowing abilities, have trouble ingesting oral dosage forms. Methods: Using the wet granulation process, 20 mg of effervescent bilastine tablets were produced. Pre-compression properties assessed for powder blend and granule combination. Here are some post-compression properties of the tablets that were examined: friability, hardness, drug content, pH, dissolution time, content uniformity, water content, X-ray, and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). We also measured carbon dioxide content and effervescence duration. To get the greatest results, we looked for effervescent systems that dissolved quickly in water and had the right properties before and after compression. Results: Based on their physicochemical properties, F2 formulations were determined to be best formulations, and the results demonstrated that the wet granulation process had greater flowability. Conclusion: Sweeteners such as mannitol, sodium saccharine, methylparaben, and citric acid were chosen for this investigation, along with sodium bicarbonate. If you want to hide the bitter flavor of bilastine, sodium saccharine is your best bet. From a physicochemical and physical property standpoint, the wet granulation process outshines the alternatives.
Donepezil and Quercetin Simultaneous Estimation in Rat Plasma Using Developed Bioanalytical HPLC Method: Relevance in Pharmacokinetic Studies
Authors: Sonawane D , Pokharkar V
Published: January 2024

The objective of this investigation was to create and apply a reliable reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) technique for the concurrent measurement of donepezil (DPZ) and quercetin (QT) in rat blood samples for pharmacokinetic research. This is the first publication that introduces a method for DPZ and QT simultaneous determination in rat plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Using a mobile phase of methanol and HPLC grade water (pH 2.8; adjusted with 0.05% v/v orthophosphoric acid) 45:55 v/v with 2-3 drops of triethylamine (TEA) in an isocratic elution mode at flow rate of 1.0ml/min, DPZ and QT were successfully separated chromatographically on a Hypersil gold C-18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5μm). The retention time for DPZ and QT was observed to be 6.3 and 12.3 minutes and was detected at an isobestic wavelength of 273 nm using a UV detector. The method was shown to be precise (%RSD < 2%), accurate (96–100%), and specific for the simultaneous detection of DPZ and QT. Several freeze-thaw cycles of the treated plasma samples did not significantly affect the analyte’s stability. The method’s applicability was subsequently confirmed through an oral pharmacokinetic investigation in rats. Since the results were deemed trustworthy, the validated RP-HPLC method may be used to simultaneously detect and quantify both drugs. The method worked well for evaluating the pharmacokinetic characteristics in wistar rats following a single oral dose of 5 mg/kg of QT and 10 mg/kg of DPZ. It is well acknowledged that the chromatographic process is straightforward, robust, accurate, exact, and repeatable.
Molecular and Cellular Expressions in Breast Cancer Responsible for Drug Resistance
Authors: Agrawal Surendra , Gurjar Pravina , Khobragade Deepak
Published: January 2024

Breast cancer continues to be a prevalent and highly lethal cancer affecting women globally. Despite significant advancements in early detection and the development of specific therapeutic approaches, the issue of medication resistance remains a prominent challenge in managing this intricate ailment. The study offers a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms behind the development of treatment resistance in breast cancer cells. The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms behind the occurrence of therapeutic ineffectiveness. This study elucidates several molecular subtypes of breast cancer and their pharmacological responses. The significance of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in the development of treatment resistance is emphasized. Additional research on the intricacies of innate and acquired drug resistance mechanisms, including genetic modifications, tumor heterogeneity, and the presence of cancer stem cells, has shed light on the multifaceted nature of drug resistance and its dynamic evolution throughout treatment. Furthermore, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the impact of microenvironmental variables, including hypoxia, immune evasion, and tumor-stroma connections, on the development of drug resistance. The investigation of the interplay between tumor suppressors and oncogenes in the emergence of drug resistance is now underway, yielding valuable insights into prospective targets for therapeutic intervention. Additionally, this study examines the limitations associated with conventional chemotherapy, endocrine therapies, and targeted medicines, while elucidating the mechanisms underlying treatment resistance and proposing potential strategies to overcome it. Emerging therapies like immunotherapies, epigenetic modulators, and new drug delivery methods are looked at to see if they have the potential to get around mechanisms of resistance and improve patient outcomes. This review aims to give clinicians, researchers, and other healthcare workers a full picture of breast cancer’s complex drug resistance mechanisms. By figuring out the molecular complexities and signaling pathways that lead to treatment resistance, we aim to speed up the development of new therapeutic approaches and personalized interventions. This will bring us closer to the long-awaited goal of beating drug resistance and making breast cancer a manageable, treatable condition.
Beyond skincare routines: Follow your gut to healthy skin – A review of the interplay between gut microbiome and skin
Authors: Criton V. J. Sebastian , Joy Sanjana
Published: January 2024

The gut microbiome, comprising trillions of microorganisms with diverse genetic material, plays a pivotal role in human health. Its impact on immunity, metabolism, and even psychological well-being has garnered significant attention. This review delves into the evolution of microbiome research, highlighting historic breakthroughs and modern revelations. The gut microbiota’s influence extends beyond digestion, impacting immune system development, hormone regulation, and maintenance of protective barriers. Disturbances in this balance, known as dysbiosis, can disrupt immune responses, fostering harmful bacteria over beneficial ones. Dysbiosis has been linked to various diseases, motivating exploration of the gut-skin axis. Research suggests that the gut microbiome significantly influences dermatological conditions. Imbalances can contribute to skin diseases like atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Short-chain fatty acids produced by gut bacteria have anti-inflammatory effects and maintain skin health. Gut dysbiosis can lead to systemic inflammation, affecting skin physiology. Ultraviolet (UV) damage and skin aging are also affected by the gut microbiome. Studies reveal that certain Lactobacillus strains, ingested orally, possess anti-inflammatory properties, mitigating UV-induced skin aging. Moreover, supplementation with specific bacteria enhances skin elasticity and hydration. Conditions such as rosacea, hidradenitis suppurativa, and chronic spontaneous urticaria have been linked to gut dysbiosis. Research indicates a potential for treatments that target the gut microbiome, such as fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotics, to alleviate dermatological disorders. In conclusion, the gut microbiome exerts a profound influence on skin health and diseases. Its intricate interactions with the immune system, systemic inflammation, and barrier maintenance underscore its significance. Harnessing these insights could lead to innovative therapies for various skin conditions, paving the way for enhanced well-being.
Peran Ibu Tunggal dalam Menjaga Kesehatan Mental Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Sri Wahyuni  , Raden Diana
Published: January 2024

The role of single mothers greatly influences children's mental health. The aim of this research is to find out the role of single mothers on children's mental health, the negative impact on children's mental health, and efforts to prevent mental health disorders in early childhood. The method used by this research is a case study which is presented as a qualitative descriptive research type with narrative data presentation, as well as data obtained through observation and interviews. In this study, the subject was a girl who experienced mental health problems aged 5-6 years due to the absence of a father figure in her life. The results of the research obtained are the role of single mothers who only provide physical needs without thinking about the psychological condition or mental health of the child. This gives rise to behavior that makes children become quiet, emotional, insecure, like to daydream due to lack of communication with the people around them. This mental health disorder in children requires serious efforts by single mothers or the adults around them, so that it does not have a negative impact on the child's development in the future.
Comparative Structure Based Virtual Screening Utilizing Optimized AlphaFold Model Identifies Selective HDAC11 Inhibitor
Authors: Baselious Fady , Hilscher Sebastian , Robaa Dina , Barinka Cyril , Schutkowski Mike , Sippl Wolfgang
Published: January 2024

HDAC11 is a class IV histone deacylase with no crystal structure reported so far. The catalytic domain of HDAC11 shares low sequence identity with other HDAC isoforms which makes the conventional homology modeling less reliable. AlphaFold is a neural network machine learning approach that can predict the 3D structure of proteins with high accuracy even in absence of similar structures. However the fact that AlphaFold models are predicted in absence of small molecules and ions/cofactors complicate their utilization for drug design. Previously we optimized an HDAC11 AlphaFold model by adding the catalytic zinc ion and minimization in the presence of reported HDAC11 inhibitors. In the current study we implement a comparative structure-based virtual screening approach utilizing the previously optimized HDAC11 AlphaFold model to identify novel and selective HDAC11 inhibitors. The stepwise virtual screening approach was successful in identifying a hit that was subsequently tested using an in vitro enzymatic assay. The hit compound showed an IC50 value of 3.5 µM for HDAC11 and could selectively inhibit HDAC11 over other HDAC subtypes at 10 µM concentration. In addition we carried out molecular dynamics simulations to further confirm the binding hypothesis obtained by the docking study. These results reinforce the previously presented AlphaFold optimization approach and confirm the applicability of AlphaFold models in the search for novel inhibitors for drug discovery.
Engineering Robust Battery Interphases with Dilute Fluorinated Cations
Authors: Hong Chulgi Nathan , Yan Mengwen , Borodin Oleg , Pollard Travis P. , Wu Langyuan , Reiter Manuel , Vazquez Dario Gomez , Trapp Katharina , Yoo Jimun , Shpigel Netanel , Feldblyum Jeremy I. , Lukatskaya Maria R.
Published: January 2024

Controlling solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) in batteries is crucial for their efficient cycling. Herein, we demonstrate an approach to enable robust battery performance that does not rely on high fractions of fluorinated species in electrolytes, thus substantially decreasing the environmental footprint and cost of high-energy batteries. In this approach, we use very low fractions of readily reducible fluorinated cations in electrolyte (~0.1 wt.%) and employ electrostatic attraction to generate a substantial population of these cations at the anode surface. As a result, we can form a robust fluorine-rich SEI that allows for dendrite-free deposition of dense Li and stable cycling of Li metal full cells with high-voltage cathodes. Our approach represents a general strategy for delivering desired chemical species to battery anodes through electrostatic attraction while using minute amounts of additive.
Evaluation of Point Group Symmetry in Lanthanide(III) Complexes – a New Implementation of the Continuous Symmetry Measure with Autonomous Assignment of the Principal Axis
Authors: Nielsen Villads R. M. , Le Guennic Boris , Sørensen Thomas Just
Published: January 2024

The structure of molecular systems dictates the physical properties, and symmetry is determining for all electronic properties. This makes group theory a powerful tool in quantum mechanics, when computing molecular properties. For inorganic compounds, the coordination geometry has been estimated as idealized polyhedra of high symmetry, which through ligand field theory provides predictive capabilities. However, real samples rarely have ideal symmetry, and even though continuous symmetry measures can be used to evaluate deviation form ideal symmetry, this often fails for lanthanide(III) complexes with high coordination numbers and no obvious principal axis. In lanthanide complexes, the unique electronic structures and the associated properties are intricately tied to the symmetry around the lanthanide center. Robust methodologies to evaluate and estimate point group symmetry is therefore instrumental for building structure property relationships. Here, we have demonstrated an algorithmic approach that determines the principal axis, and computes a deviation from ideal symmetry. This approach is based on the continuous symmetry measures and evaluates deviations from ideal symmetry for each symmetry operation in all relevant point groups. To demonstrate the methodology we have investigated the structure and symmetry of 8 and 9 coordinated lanthanide(III) aqua complexes, and correlated the luminescence from 3 europium(III) crystals to their actual symmetry. To document the methodology the approach has been tested on 26 molecules with different symmetry. It was concluded that the method is robust and fully autonomous.
Synthesis and Characterization of Naphthalimide Diazene-Based Fluorescence Turn-on Molecules Responsive to Sulfinates
Authors: Tanimoto Hiroki , Kyogaku Shogo , Otsuki Aoi , Tomohiro Takenori
Published: January 2024

The synthesis and characterization of sulfinate addition-responsive turn-on fluorescent molecules are described. Sulfinate addition to diazene-substituted naphthalimide under sulfonyl radical conditions afforded the sulfonyl hydrazides with high quantum yields (up to 0.91 in THF and 0.54 in methanol), which exhibited a large Stokes shift (105 nm) in protic methanol solvent.
THE ROLE OF DIGITAL SOCIAL MEDIA IN THE FORMATION OF ATTITUDES TOWARDS GREEN PRODUCTS AMONG THE INFORMATION LITERATE YOUTH
Authors: Oetomo Budi Sutedjo Dharma , Santoso Singgih
Published: January 2024

The use of social media as part of social interaction activities in society and at the same time as a medium for companies to promote their products is increasing. This condition opens opportunities for companies engaged in environmentally friendly products or often called green products to take advantage of social media in disseminating their products to consumers. This study aims to test whether understanding of green products, communication through electronic social media and value consciusness when buying a product will influence consumer behavior to buy environmentally oriented products. For the purposes of the survey, a questionnaire was designed using Google Form. The questionnaire was socialized to 200 students. The results obtained show that Green Product does not affect Attitude, but Social Media marketing and Value Consiouness are proven to affect consumer Attitude. Attitude is proven to affect Purchase Intention
ASSESSMENT ON ECONOMICS OF PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF MAIZE IN SHANTINAGAR, DANG, NEPAL
Authors: Poudel Prabin Sharma , yadav Pankaj Kumar , Bhujel Prabina , Subedi Ananta Prakash
Published: January 2024

The research was conducted to assess the production economics, different marketing channel and efficiency of resource use of maize farming in Shantinagar, Dang district of Nepal. The study was conducted with 60 farmers and 20 traders. Data was gathered using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire survey applied to the randomly selected samples. SPSS and Microsoft excel were used for entering the data and analysis of data. Resource use efficiency of maize production was determined by using Cobb-Douglas production function. Majority of respondents were engaged in agriculture (55%). Average maize cultivated land was 2.04 hectares. Maize production was profitable in the research area as indicated by benefit cost ratio of maize growing farmer was 1.52. Discovered different marketing channel were four. Price spread and producers share were in the range from 0-6.8 and 100-80.94% respectively. 10 % increase in cost of fertilizers, seed, FYM created in increase of outcome by 3.94, 5.24% and 0.04% respectively. The sum of coefficients was 0.933. For optimal allocation of resource, expenses on fertilizers, seed, pesticides and FYM were need to be increased by 84.89% 92.90%, 92.03%, 85.07% labour, tractor, bullock and thresher were found to be over utilized resource. The sum of coefficients was 0.933 which suggested return to scale is decreasing, factor of production included in the model if increased by 100% then it would result in 93.30% increase in maize production. Further, lack of timely availability of fertilizers, incidence of disease and pest/insects, lack of influence in price determination, improper coordination between market players, producers, and government agencies were the major difficulties in the production and marketing of maize in Shantinagar, Dang. This study has highlighted the maize production’s economic feasibility, marketing channels’s efficiency, Resource use efficiency and major difficulties in maize production and marketing in Shantinagar, Maize block, Dang.
ANALYSIS OF THE ECONOMIC OF RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) FARMING IN NEPAL’S KAPILVASTU DISTRICT
Authors: Banjade Dhurba , Shrestha Aman
Published: January 2024

Rice is an annual plant in the Poaceae family. It can be produced across Nepal, from the plains to the mountains, and is the country’s main food crop. A study was conducted to look at the production, economics, and factors affecting the gross return of rice production in 2022 in the Kapilvastu area of Nepal, where a rice super zone was created under the Prime Minister Agriculture Modernization Project. (PM-AMP). A sample of 300 rice growers was selected using a straightforward random selection process. While secondary data was gathered by reading relevant literature, primary data was gathered through an interview technique that has been thoroughly tested. The results showed that smaller farmers’ costs to produce rice were higher per hectare (NRS. 180431) than those of larger farmers (NRS. 127289 per hectare) . Because the overall B: C ratio was larger than 1, the study finds that investing in rice farming was economically viable in the studied area (1.19). The discovery will aid farmers in considering the necessity to replace human and bullock labor with farm machinery. As a result, the cost of cultivation would decrease as rice farming’s productivity and financial returns increased.
REVIEW ON NON-DESTRUCTIVE TECHNIQUES FOR EARLY FLAW DETECTION IN INSPECTIONS
Authors: Egbokhaebho Blessed Afeyokalo , Olalere Bolaji Ismail , Gidiagba Joachim Osheyor , Okparaeke Jonathan Izuchukwu , F awole Akeeb Adepoju , -Ehiobu Nwakamma Ninduwezuor
Published: January 2024

Non-destructive testing (NDT) is critical in ensuring various materials’ and structures’ integrity and safety by detecting flaws without causing damage. Early flaw detection is essential for preventing catastrophic failures, reducing maintenance costs, and enhancing operational efficiency. This research paper comprehensively reviews non-destructive techniques for early flaw detection in inspections. The paper begins with an introduction to the significance of flaw detection and the motivation behind employing non-destructive techniques. It proceeds with a thorough literature review, summarizing existing research and highlighting the strengths and limitations of different methods. The main section of the paper delves into the description and principles of common non-destructive techniques, including Ultrasonic Testing (UT), Radiographic Testing (RT), Magnetic Particle Testing (MPT), Liquid Penetrant Testing (LPT), Eddy Current Testing (ECT), Thermography, Acoustic Emission Testing (AET), and others. The efficacy of each technique is explored through various case studies and real-world applications across diverse industries. Advantages, limitations, and factors influencing technique selection in specific scenarios are critically analyzed. Furthermore, the paper discusses recent advancements and emerging technologies in non-destructive testing that offer potential improvements for early flaw detection. It also covers relevant international and industry-specific standards and regulations governing NDT, emphasizing their significance in enhancing inspection reliability. The conclusion reaffirms the importance of non-destructive techniques for early flaw detection. It proposes future research directions to overcome existing challenges. This review aims to provide engineers, researchers, and practitioners with valuable insights into the state-of-the-art NDT methods, fostering continuous improvement in early flaw detection and ensuring the safety and reliability of critical infrastructures and materials.
Mā te Whakarongo—a qualitative study exploring the impact of middle ear disease on New Zealand Māori
Authors: Buckthought Lance , Stairmand Jeannine , Garland Rebecca
Published: January 2024

aim: The study aimed to explore the impact of middle ear disease on the lives of New Zealand Māori. Ear disease is common, yet there is a paucity of research into the effect it has on people’s lives, particularly indigenous populations. method: The study used Kaupapa Māori-based qualitative methodology and involved a series of seven semi-structured interviews with Māori adults living with middle ear disease. results: All participants felt there were delays in recognition and treatment of their ear condition and that there were barriers to accessing healthcare. The ear condition prevented participation in cultural and recreational activities, particularly those involving water. The associated hearing loss affected education and employment opportunities, and together with ear discharge, resulted in social isolation and disconnection from Te Ao Māori (the Māori world). Overall, the condition impacted negatively on mental and spiritual wellbeing. Participants felt that funding for hearing aids, earlier recognition and treatment of the condition and healthcare staff with a better understanding of Te Ao Māori could reduce the morbidity associated with middle ear disease. conclusion: The study demonstrates that living with middle ear disease presents many challenges and disadvantages for Māori and the importance of early detection and referral to specialist care.
PERENCANAAN INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH (IPAL) PABRIK TEMPE DENGAN DIGESTER ANAEROBIK DAN BIOFILTER ANAEROBIK DI WILAYAH SEMARANG (Studi Kasus Pabrik Tempe Dampyak Gunung Pati Kota Semarang)
Authors: Rizani Mohammad Debby , Ikhwanudin Ikhwanudin , Lestiyanto Yoga , Anggraeni Yossi Dewi
Published: January 2024

The tempe industry is a food industry that has the potential to pollute the environment from the liquid waste it produces. Liquid waste from the tempe processing process if it is immediately disposed of without going through the management process first will have an impact on environmental pollution. In Semarang City, precisely in Gunung Pati District, there is a medium-scale tempe processing factory. So far, the tempe factory's liquid waste is directly disposed of into a ditch behind the factory without processing the liquid waste first.This research is a quantitative research presented in the form of numbers and then explained in the form of descriptions. From the results of the wastewater quality test, the pollutant parameters BOD = 369 mg/L; COD = 28,000 mg/L; TSS = 0.991 mg/L; and pH = 4,3. According to the Regional Regulation of the Province of Central Java Number 5 of 2012 concerning Amendments to the Regional Regulation of the Province of Central Java Number 10 of 2004 this value still does not meet the requirements. The wastewater treatment plant that the researchers are planning is in the form of a holding tank; Equalization Tub; Anaerobic Digesters; Gas Holder; Initial Settling Tub; Anaerobic Biofilter using bioball filter media and steel nets as a barrier for bioballs where bacteria are grown; and Final Settling Tank. With an estimated effluent from the processing of BOD, COD, and TSS of 7.47225 mg/L; 189mg/L; and 0.00669 mg/L which means it meets the quality standard. From the planning results, it was obtained that the total budget plan for planning the tempe factory wastewater treatment plant was Rp. 111.280.021,49.