bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diameter Optimization of No-Core Fiber for High Refractive Index Sensing
Authors: Zaidi Nurul Farah Adilla , Saris Nur Najahatul Huda , Mohd Noor Muhammad Yusof , Salim Mohd Rashidi , Ambran Sumiaty
Published: September 2024

This study presents a simulation-based modal analysis to optimize the no-core fiber (NCF) sensor design for high refractive index (HRI) applications. The goal is to improve the sensitivity of the sensor towards HRI by solving problems in conventional optical fiber sensors (OFS), such as sophisticated fabrication methods, high fragility, and potential effects on long-term reliability. Furthermore, in previous work, most OFS applications focused on detecting mediums with a low refractive index (LRI). Hence, the goal of this study is to overcome these constraints. For this research, the Wave Optics module in COMSOL Multiphysics® software was used to optimize the NCF diameter, which ranged from 100 μm to 150 μm. Simulations include changes in the refractive index (RI) of the analyte in the surrounding medium of the sensor to analyse the efficiency of the NCF in HRI sensing completely, ranging from 1.46 RIU to 1.56 RIU. The performance is then assessed by monitoring the intensity change in the power spectrum, which reflects the reaction of leaky modes to various HRI conditions. The findings indicate that decreasing the size of the NCF sensor enhances sensitivity in detecting HRI mediums by amplifying the leakage loss of each order leaky mode, as opposed to a larger NCF diameter. This effect is due to the reduced confinement of modes in a smaller diameter NCF. The 100 μm diameter NCF has exceptional refractive index (RI) sensitivity and linearity, measuring 88.996 dB/RIU and 0.7783, respectively. Accordingly, NCF proves to be a promising candidate for utilization in HRI sensing applications, given its high sensitivity and straightforward fabrication, making it easily implementable and practical for real-world use.
Analysis of the Form Three Science Textbook on the Aspect of NOS / Analisis Buku Teks Sains Tingkatan Tiga Dari Aspek NOS
Authors: Ali Marlina , Rosdi Ahmad Adib , Si Jie Angela Ee , Ridzuan Kok Izzah Shahmimi , Justtin Jane Reachel , Azmin Suhaili Muhammad Suhail
Published: September 2024

The nature of science (NOS) represents a way of viewing the scientific method, encompassing various systematic stages and methodologies in acquiring knowledge and new discoveries. Thus, this study was conducted to identify the aspects of NOS in the Malaysian Science textbook. The analysis focuses on the Form 3 Science textbook, specifically from Chapter 6 to Chapter 10, covering topics such as 'Electricity and Magnetism,' 'Energy and Power,' 'Radioactivity,' 'Space Weather,' and 'Space Exploration.' The study used a document analysis method based on a rubric to assess NOS aspects. Findings were gathered by calculating the frequency of NOS aspects within each chapter. Based on the study's findings and discussion according to these NOS aspects, it was concluded that the textbook is suitable and aligned with the learning levels of Form 3 students. The results of the study show that, empirical, inferential, tentative, scientific theory and scientific law are the dominant aspects of NOS in Form 3 Science textbooks.
Simulating the Growth of TATA-Box Binding Protein-Associated Factor 15 Inclusions in Neuron Soma
Authors: Kuznetsov Andrey V.
Published: September 2024

To the best of the author's knowledge, this paper presents the first attempt to develop a mathematical model of the formation and growth of inclusions containing misfolded TATA-box binding protein associated factor 15 (TAF15). It has recently been shown that TAF15 inclusions are involved in approximately 10% of cases of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). FTLD is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is characterized by a progressive loss of personality, behavioral changes, and a decline in language skills due to the degeneration of the frontal and anterior temporal lobes. The model simulates TAF15 monomer production, nucleation and autocatalytic growth of free TAF15 aggregates, and their deposition into TAF15 inclusions. The accuracy of the numerical solution of the model equations is validated by comparing it with analytical solutions available for limiting cases. Physiologically relevant parameter values were used to predict TAF15 inclusion growth. It is shown that the growth of TAF15 inclusions is influenced by two opposing mechanisms: the rate at which free TAF15 aggregates are deposited into inclusions and the rate of autocatalytic production of free TAF15 aggregates from monomers. A low deposition rate slows inclusion growth, while a high deposition rate hinders the autocatalytic production of new aggregates, thus also slowing inclusion growth. Consequently, the rate of inclusion growth is maximized at an intermediate deposition rate of free TAF15 aggregates into TAF15 inclusions.
Combining Machine Learning, Embedded Sensor Networks and Additive Burner Design for Combustor Structural Health Monitoring
Authors: Giuliani Fabrice , Paulitsch Nina , Hofer Andrea , Petrovic-Filipovic Vojislav , Meier Benjamin , Bailer Werner , Winter Martin , Unterberger Roland , Schricker Alexander
Published: September 2024

The crystAIr project is about sensitizing burners for flame monitoring based on a discrete number of dynamic pressure sensors and a machine learning approach. The context is the development of better aircraft engines and the prospect of technical solutions for hydrogen-fuelled gas turbines. The combination of sensors and appropriate signal processing is designed to mimic a “feel” for the state of the flame. The idea is to monitor the gas turbine's correct operation in real-time and anticipate impending problems such as flame blowout, combustion instability or flashback. Compared to conventional flame monitoring based on signal sampling, thresholding, bandpass analysis and time-lag measurement, this method should be less computationally intensive, more sensitive and more robust to artifacts. Not only should it be more responsive, but it should also anticipate problems based on a lessons-learned approach and outperform the conventional precursors. An unassisted machine learning method is used to achieve this. A custom-built AM burner designed for this experiment provides multiple instrumentation options. A powerful data acquisition system is setup to collect data on multiple channels, over a long time duration and at high speed to collect the learning signal chunks. The focus is on the detection of flames and, more specifically, the moment of their ignition and extinction, the operating conditions that are prone to flashback and the stability of the combustion. Additional measurement techniques are used to refine the learning method. The paper covers all these points and presents the first results.
Temperature Field Measurements in Swirl Spray Flames Using Two-Line Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence Thermometry
Authors: Tao Chao , Zhang Chi , An Qiang , Xue Xin
Published: September 2024

This paper investigates the temperature fields in a centrally staged swirl spray combustor using two-line OH planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) thermometry at elevated inlet pressures and temperatures up to 0.62 MPa and 650 K. The pilot and main stages of the combustor were supplied with RP-3 kerosene. OH radicals were excited using the Q1(5) and Q1(14) transitions within the A2Σ←X2Π (1,0) band. Two laser excitation systems were operated simultaneously, where the two beams were spatially combined and separated by a small interval in time. The PLIF signals excited at the two wavelengths were captured by two identical sets of imaging system. The calibration coefficient needed for quantitative conversion from fluorescence ratio to temperature was determined based on results from independent coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) measurements. A joint threshold mask was developed to remove the noise and weak signals in the raw PLIF images. The high temperature zones in the temperature field were then obtained, and the pilot and main stage flames were identified. In addition, the radial position of the pilot flame showed marked variations at a nominally fixed condition. By extracting the radial profiles, a consistency between the peaks of PLIF intensity and temperature was found, suggesting that PLIF images could be a qualitative substitute for the high temperature zones in the temperature fields of these swirl spray flames. This study demonstrates the feasibility of temperature field measurements using two-line OH PLIF in aero-engine model combustors.
Turning a negative into a positive
Authors: Foley John F.
Published: September 2024

Negatively charged lipid bilayers enhance the interaction between a chemokine and an atypical chemokine receptor.
Large $$N_c$$ QCD phase diagram at $$\mu _B=0$$
Authors: Cohen T. D. , Glozman L. Ya
Published: September 2024

Lattice studies suggest that at zero baryon chemical potential and increasing temperature there are three characteristic regimes in QCD that are connected by smooth analytical crossovers: a hadron gas regime at $$T < T_{ch}\sim 155$$

T
<

T

ch

∼
155

 MeV, an intermediate regime, called stringy fluid, at $$T_{ch}< T < \sim 3 T_{ch}$$

T

ch

<
T
<
∼
3

T

ch

, and a quark-gluon plasma regime at higher temperatures. These regimes have been interpreted to reflect different approximate symmetries and effective degrees of freedom. In the hadron gas the effective degrees of freedom are hadrons and the approximate chiral symmetry of QCD is spontaneously broken. The intermediate regime has been interpreted as lacking spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking along with the emergence of new approximate symmetry, chiral spin symmetry, that is not a symmetry of the Dirac Lagrangian, but is a symmetry of the confining part of the QCD Lagrangian. While the high temperature regime is the usual quark-gluon plasma which is often considered to reflect “deconfinement” in some way. This paper explores the behavior of these regimes of QCD as the number of colors in the theory, $$N_c$$

N
c

, gets large. In the large $$N_c$$

N
c

limit the theory is center-symmetric and notions of confinement and deconfinement are unambiguous. The energy density is $$\mathcal{O}(N_c^0)$$

O
(

N
c
0

)

in the meson gas, $${{\mathcal {O}}}(N_c^1)$$

O
(

N
c
1

)

in the intermediate regime and $${{\mathcal {O}}}(N_c^2)$$

O
(

N
c
2

)

in the quark-gluon plasma regime. In the large $$N_c$$

N
c

limit these regimes may become distinct phases separated by first order phase transitions. The intermediate phase has the peculiar feature that glueballs should exist and have properties that are unchanged from what is seen in the vacuum (up to $$1/N_c $$

1
/

N
c

corrections), while the ordinary dilute gas of mesons with broken chiral symmetry disappears and approximate chiral spin symmetry should emerge.
Conformal symmetry in quantum gravity
Authors: Oda Ichiro
Published: September 2024

We study the problem of how to derive conformal symmetry in the framework of quantum gravity. We start with a generic gravitational theory which is invariant under both the general coordinate transformation (GCT) and Weyl transformation (or equivalently, local scale transformation), and then construct its BRST formalism by fixing the gauge symmetries by the extended de Donder gauge and scalar gauge conditions. These gauge-fixing conditions are invariant under global GL(4) and global scale transformations. The gauge-fixed and BRST invariant quantum action possesses a huge Poincaré-like IOSp(10|10) global symmetry, from which we can construct an extended conformal symmetry in a flat Minkowski background in the sense that the Lorentz symmetry is replaced with the GL(4) symmetry. Moreover, we construct the conventional conformal symmetry out of this extended symmetry. With a flat Minkowski background $$\langle g_{\mu \nu } \rangle = \eta _{\mu \nu }$$

⟨

g

μ
ν

⟩

=

η

μ
ν

and a non-zero scalar field $$\langle \phi \rangle \ne 0$$

⟨
ϕ
⟩
≠
0

, the GL(4) and global scale symmetries are spontaneously broken to the Lorentz symmetry, thereby proving that the graviton and the dilaton are respectively the corresponding Nambu–Goldstone bosons, and therefore they must be exactly massless at nonperturbative level. One of remarkable aspects in our findings is that in quantum gravity, a derivation of conformal symmetry does not depend on a classical action, and its generators are built from only the gauge-fixing and the FP ghost actions. Finally, we address a generalized Zumino theorem in quantum gravity.
Non-perpetual eternal inflation and the emergent de Sitter Swampland conjecture
Authors: Guleryuz Omer
Published: September 2024

We introduce a novel correlation, $$n_{\text {s}}$$

n
s

- $$\Delta N$$

Δ
N

, connecting CMB parameters to the required total e-folds for eternal inflation. This correlation provides a robust tool for evaluating eternal (string) inflation models using CMB data and explores the impact of quantum fluctuations on non-attractor phases. By generalizing eternal inflation criteria, our parameterization simplifies rigorous testing of predictions and reveals a link between refined de Sitter conjecture parameters and the eternal nature of the cosmic landscape. This points to a general tendency towards eternal behavior in low-energy effective field theories within the landscape, opening the possibility for our cosmic stage to potentially embrace a ’multiverse’ scenario.
A Survey on Stability of Learning with Limited Labelled Data and its Sensitivity to the Effects of Randomness
Authors: Pecher Branislav , Srba Ivan , Bielikova Maria
Published: September 2024

Learning with limited labelled data, such as prompting, in-context learning, fine-tuning, meta-learning, or few-shot learning, aims to effectively train a model using only a small amount of labelled samples. However, these approaches have been observed to be excessively sensitive to the effects of uncontrolled randomness caused by non-determinism in the training process. The randomness negatively affects the stability of the models, leading to large variances in results across training runs. When such sensitivity is disregarded, it can unintentionally, but unfortunately also intentionally, create an imaginary perception of research progress. Recently, this area started to attract research attention and the number of relevant studies is continuously growing. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive overview of 415 papers addressing the effects of randomness on the stability of learning with limited labelled data. We distinguish between four main tasks addressed in the papers (investigate/evaluate, determine, mitigate, benchmark/compare/report randomness effects), providing findings for each one. Furthermore, we identify and discuss seven challenges and open problems together with possible directions to facilitate further research. The ultimate goal of this survey is to emphasise the importance of this growing research area, which so far has not received an appropriate level of attention, and reveal impactful directions for future research.
Automating Government Report Generation: A Generative AI Approach for Efficient Data Extraction, Analysis, and Visualization
Authors: Gupta Rajan , Pandey Gaurav , Pal Saibal Kumar
Published: September 2024

This application paper introduces a transformative solution to address the labour-intensive manual report generation, data searching and report revision process in government entities. Traditional methods of data extraction, analysis, and graph creation for annual reports are not only time-consuming but also prone to human errors. To mitigate these challenges, we propose an innovative system leveraging Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI), with a specific focus on large language models (LLMs). Our solution incorporates automated data extraction from diverse sources designated as internal knowledge base, text analysis, summarization using advanced language models, and the generation as well as revisions of informative graphs. Different LLMs like Google's Gemini Pro and OpenAI's GPT 4.0 have been used to read different data visualisation graphs and fetch the information from the internal knowledge base, respectively, to update the graphs in an automated manner. Solution implementation using Python language on the World Economic Situation and Prospects report by the Department of Economic & Social Affairs, United Nation shows that the early result produces almost 0.87% to 17.46% average error rates in the task of factual data visualisation graph. Key benefits of this approach include improved time efficiency, consistency in report format, enhanced insights, and a user-friendly interface. A review and approval workflow facilitate user feedback, contributing to continuous model performance improvement.
Loss of glucose-stimulated β-cell Nr4a1 expression impairs insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis
Authors: Herring Jacob A. , Crabtree Jacqueline E. , Hill Jonathon T. , Tessem Jeffery S.
Published: September 2024

Nr4a1 has a key role in fuel metabolism and β-cell function, but its exact role is unclear. Nr4a1 expression is regulated by glucose concentration using cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway. Nr4a1 regulates Glut2, Ndufa4, Ins1, In2, Sdhb, and Idh3g expression in response to glucose treatment. These results suggest that Nr4a1 is necessary for proper insulin secretion both through glucose uptake and metabolism machinery.
Association of SNP-SNP interactions of surfactant protein genes with severity of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children
Authors: Gandhi Chintan K. , Depicolzuane Lynnlee C. , Chen Chixiang , Roberts Catherine M. , Sicher Natalie , Johnson Wegerson Katelyn , Thomas Neal J. , Wu Rongling , Floros Joanna
Published: September 2024

Although surfactant protein (SP) genetic variants are associated with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) severity, the impact of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-SNP interactions of SP genes remained unexplored. Using advanced statistical models, we uncovered 22 SNP-SNP interactions associated with RSV severity, with notable involvement of SFTPA1 and SFTPA2 SNPs. This highlights the comprehensive role of all SPs in genetic susceptibility to RSV severity, shedding light on potential avenues for targeted interventions.
The Regulative Effect and Mechanism in a MetS Mice Model of Functional Components in Freeze‐Dried Powder from Phyllanthus emblica L. Fruit
Authors: Wei Yvping , Huang Yongping , Huang Yisheng , Hu Lei , Zou Xianghui , Liu Yaqun , Luo Qiulan , Zheng Yuzhong , Fang Fang , Nie Ying
Published: September 2024

The medicinal plant Phyllanthus emblica Linn. has been recognized for its health‐beneficial properties and has a long history of cultivation in ancient China and India. However, its effects and main mechanism in high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced metabolic syndrome (MetS) have not been revealed yet. According to our findings, emblica fruit powder (EFP) through the freeze‐drying process was able to modulate the composition of the intestinal microbiota, with a significant increase in the beneficial bacteria genera Lactobacillus and Turicibacter. In addition, fecal metabolite profiling revealed that 20 metabolites were deferentially expressed, which were mainly organic acids, amino acids, and their derivatives. They are primarily enriched in the biological process of lipid metabolism, including the metabolism process of cholic acid, glycerophospholipid, and α‐linoleic acid. Subsequent qPCR testing of the liver tissue suggested that the regulatory effects of EFP in HFD mice may stem from its influence on the expression levels of over 20 key genes involved in host metabolic processes. In conclusion, EFP is able to alleviate the MetS caused by HFD, and this positive impact may be partially through the regulation of the “gut‐liver axis.” Consequently, EFP holds potential as a functional food ingredient for the prevention and management of MetS.
A Manifold‐Guided Gravitational Search Algorithm for High‐Dimensional Global Optimization Problems
Authors: Su Fang , Wang Yance , Yang Shu , Yao Yuxing
Published: September 2024

Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) is a well‐known physics‐based meta‐heuristic algorithm inspired by Newton’s law of universal gravitation and performs well in solving optimization problems. However, when solving high‐dimensional optimization problems, the performance of GSA may deteriorate dramatically due to severe interference of redundant dimensional information in the high‐dimensional space. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a Manifold‐Guided Gravitation Search Algorithm, called MGGSA. First, based on the Isomap, an effective dimension extraction method is designed. In this mechanism, the effective dimension is extracted by comparing the dimension differences of the particles located in the same sorting position both in the original space and the corresponding low‐dimensional manifold space. Then, the gravitational adjustment coefficient is designed, so that the particles can be guided to move in a more appropriate direction by increasing the effect of effective dimension, reducing the interference of redundant dimension on particle motion. The performance of the proposed algorithm is tested on 35 high‐dimensional (dimension is 1000) benchmark functions from CEC2010 and CEC2013, and compared with eleven state‐of‐art meta‐heuristic algorithms, the original GSA and four latest GSA’s variants, as well as three well‐known large‐scale global optimization algorithms. The experimental results demonstrate that MGGSA not only has a fast convergence rate but also has high solution accuracy. Besides, MGGSA is applied to three real‐world application problems, which verifies the effectiveness of MGGSA on practical applications.
Ziziphora tenuior L. Essential Oil as a Bio‐Based Antimicrobial and Plant‐Based Preservative for Increasing the Shelf Life of Mayonnaise
Authors: Khankeshizadeh Samiyeh Sadat , Rahman Alireza , Naderi Fereshteh , Khorshidian Nasim , Mohammadi Mehrdad
Published: September 2024

The food industry is seeking alternatives to chemical additives and preservatives due to the increasing consumers’ demand for healthier food products. Ziziphora tenuior L. (Z. tenuior) is an aromatic medicinal plant that exhibits various biological properties such as antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of Z. tenuior essential oil (ZTEO) incorporation (700 μg/g) into mayonnaise on its stability, as well as to investigate the potential for replacing synthetic preservatives. The results demonstrated that the ZTEO extraction yield by the Soxhlet method was 3%. The GC‐MS analysis of ZTEO showed the presence of 36 different components, with pulegone (27.5%), borneol (16.5%), 1, 8‐cineole (9.8%), camphor (8.37%), β‐pinene (5.31%), and α‐pinene (4.64%) as the major compounds. Results of antimicrobial activity showed that the highest and the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were obtained for Escherichia coli (700 μg/mL) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (10 μg/mL). Also, the inhibition zone diameter increased by increasing the level of ZTEO, and Staphylococcus aureus (33 mm) and S. cerevisiae (36 mm) had the highest inhibition zone at level of 75%. Incorporation of ZTEO into mayonnaise prevented the growth of all microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, and yeast) during three months of storage. This indicates the potential of ZTEO as a natural preservative to replace synthetic preservatives. The results indicated the potential for incorporating ZTEO into mayonnaises and demonstrated the possibility of replacing commonly used preservatives with a natural alternative, offering consumers healthier food.
Supplementary Figure S1 from An Analysis of PIK3CA Hotspot Mutations and Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy in Patients with Breast Cancer from Four Prospective Clinical Trials
Authors: Jank Paul , Karn Thomas , van Mackelenbergh Marion , Lindner Judith , Treue Denise , Huober Jens , Engels Knut , Solbach Christine , Diebold Kurt , Marmé Frederik , Müller Volkmar , Schneeweiss Andreas , Sinn Hans-Peter , Fehm Tanja , Schem Christian , Stickeler Elmar , Fasching Peter , Budczies Jan , Felder Bärbel , Nekljudova Valentina , Holtschmidt Johannes , Untch Michael , Denkert Carsten , Loibl Sibylle
Published: September 2024

PIKCA mutation frequency in study
Table S2 from Blockade of IL1β and PD1 with Combination Chemotherapy Reduces Systemic Myeloid Suppression in Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer with Heterogeneous Effects in the Tumor
Authors: Oberstein Paul E. , Dias Costa Andressa , Kawaler Emily A. , Cardot-Ruffino Victoire , Rahma Osama E. , Beri Nina , Singh Harshabad , Abrams Thomas A. , Biller Leah H. , Cleary James M. , Enzinger Peter , Huffman Brandon M. , McCleary Nadine J. , Perez Kimberly J. , Rubinson Douglas A. , Schlechter Benjamin L. , Surana Rishi , Yurgelun Matthew B. , Wang S. Jennifer , Remland Joshua , Brais Lauren K. , Bollenrucher Naima , Chang Eugena , Ali Lestat R. , Lenehan Patrick J. , Dolgalev Igor , Werba Gregor , Lima Cibelle , Keheler C. Elizabeth , Sullivan Keri M. , Dougan Michael , Hajdu Cristina , Dajee Maya , Pelletier Marc R. , Nazeer Saloney , Squires Matthew , Bar-Sagi Dafna , Wolpin Brian M. , Nowak Jonathan A. , Simeone Diane M. , Dougan Stephanie K.
Published: September 2024

Supplemental Table 2: Patient sample information and types of experimental data collected from each patient.
Table S1 from MYBL2 Drives Prostate Cancer Plasticity: Inhibiting Its Transcriptional Target CDK2 for RB1-Deficient Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer
Authors: German Beatriz , Alaiwi Sarah A. , Ho Kun-Lin , Nanda Jagpreet S. , Fonseca Marcos A. , Burkhart Deborah L. , Sheahan Anjali V. , Bergom Hannah E. , Morel Katherine L. , Beltran Himisha , Hwang Justin H. , Freedman Matthew L. , Lawrenson Kate , Ellis Leigh
Published: September 2024

Summary of Peak calls following H3K27ac ChIPseq with Atacseq integration.
Figure 5 from MYBL2 Drives Prostate Cancer Plasticity: Inhibiting Its Transcriptional Target CDK2 for RB1-Deficient Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer
Authors: German Beatriz , Alaiwi Sarah A. , Ho Kun-Lin , Nanda Jagpreet S. , Fonseca Marcos A. , Burkhart Deborah L. , Sheahan Anjali V. , Bergom Hannah E. , Morel Katherine L. , Beltran Himisha , Hwang Justin H. , Freedman Matthew L. , Lawrenson Kate , Ellis Leigh
Published: September 2024

Mybl2 is a genetic dependency associated with CDK2 expression in NEPC. A, Tumoral growth curve of murine DKO Ctl and DKO Mybl2 KO cells and (B) PPKO Ctl cells and PPKO Mybl2 KO cells in NOD SCID mice. Tumor growth was monitored by serial caliper measurements every second day for 16 days (D16). Tumor weight was measured at D16 after dissection (n = 5 mice per treatment group (±1 SEM). C, Top responses from the cancer therapeutics response portal analysis using a MYBL2 gene signature. DEMETER gene dependency of CDK family members 2, 5, and 7 across human prostate cancer cell lines indicating as significant, as outlined in Fig. 3A. D, Box plot graphs summarizing the RNA-seq analysis from published prostate cancer GEMMs (first and second graphs, including wild-type, SKO, DKO, NP:Nkx3.1CreERT2:Ptenf/f and NPp53:Nkx3.1CreERT2:Ptenf/f:Trp53f/f), and human samples (third graph, including CRPC and NEPC samples) indicate CDK2 upregulation in NEPC mouse models and human patients. E, Immunofluorescent IHC staining for CDK2 in DKO and (F) PPKO murine tumors indicates a significant loss of CDK2 expression following MYBL2 KO.
Figure 3 from MYBL2 Drives Prostate Cancer Plasticity: Inhibiting Its Transcriptional Target CDK2 for RB1-Deficient Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer
Authors: German Beatriz , Alaiwi Sarah A. , Ho Kun-Lin , Nanda Jagpreet S. , Fonseca Marcos A. , Burkhart Deborah L. , Sheahan Anjali V. , Bergom Hannah E. , Morel Katherine L. , Beltran Himisha , Hwang Justin H. , Freedman Matthew L. , Lawrenson Kate , Ellis Leigh
Published: September 2024

Mybl2 supports tumoral proliferation and promotes self-renewal in prostate cancer cell line models. A, Normalized gene expression of MYBL2 in human prostate cancer cell lines. DEMETER gene dependency of MYB family members across human prostate cancer cell lines indicating MYBL2 as a significant dependency compared with other family members. B, Schematic representation of the DKO Ctl and DKO Mybl2 KO and PPKO Ctl and PPKO Mybl2 KO cell line generation using the two-step CRISPR/Cas9 method. Western blot indicating Mybl2 protein levels in the DKO Ctl, DKO Mybl2 KO, PPKO Ctl, and PPKO Mybl2 KO generated cell. C, Growth kinetics representation using relative luminescence intensity of DKO Clt vs. DKO Mybl2 KO spheroids and PPKO Ctl vs. PPKO Mybl2 KO spheroids cultured from day 0 (D0) to day 5 (D5) in a low-attachment round-bottom 96-well plate. D, Spheroid diameter and pictures of the DKO vs. DKO Mybl2 KO and PPKO vs. PPKO Mybl2 KO cells for 21 days postseeding of 500 or 350 cells/well, respectively. E, Flow cytometry analysis of the EdU-positive cells in DKO vs. DKO Mybl2 KO and PPKO vs. PPKO Mybl2 KO cells after 2 hours of EdU labeling in vitro.
MYC is Sufficient to Generate Mid-Life High-Grade Serous Ovarian and Uterine Serous Carcinomas in a p53-R270H Mouse Model
Authors: Blackman Alexandra , Rees Amy C. , Bowers Robert R. , Jones Christian M. , Vaena Silvia G. , Clark Madison A. , Carter Shelby , Villamor Evan D. , Evans Della , Emanuel Anthony J. , Fullbright George , O’Malley Matthew S. , Carpenter Richard L. , Long David T. , Spruill Laura S. , Romeo Martin J. , Orr Brian C. , Helke Kristi L. , Delaney Joe R.
Published: September 2024

Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) have fundamentally changed how ovarian cancer etiology, early detection, and treatment are understood. MYC, an oncogene, is amongst the most amplified genes in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), but it has not previously been utilized to drive HGSOC GEMMs. We coupled Myc and dominant-negative mutant p53-R270H with a fallopian tube epithelium (FTE)-specific promoter Ovgp1 to generate a new GEMM of HGSOC. Female mice developed lethal cancer at an average of 14.5 months. Histopathologic examination of mice revealed HGSOC characteristics, including nuclear p53 and nuclear MYC in clusters of cells within the FTE and ovarian surface epithelium. Unexpectedly, nuclear p53 and MYC clustered cell expression was also identified in the uterine luminal epithelium, possibly from intraepithelial metastasis from the FTE. Extracted tumor cells exhibited strong loss of heterozygosity at the p53 locus, leaving the mutant allele. Copy-number alterations in these cancer cells were prevalent, disrupting a large fraction of genes. Transcriptome profiles most closely matched human HGSOC and serous endometrial cancer. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the Myc and Trp53-R270H transgenes were able to recapitulate many phenotypic hallmarks of HGSOC through the utilization of strictly human-mimetic genetic hallmarks of HGSOC. This new mouse model enables further exploration of ovarian cancer pathogenesis, particularly in the 50% of HGSOC which lack homology-directed repair mutations. Histologic and transcriptomic findings are consistent with the hypothesis that uterine serous cancer may originate from the FTE.

Significance:

Mouse models using transgenes which generate spontaneous cancers are essential tools to examine the etiology of human diseases. Here, the first Myc-driven spontaneous model is described as a valid HGSOC model. Surprisingly, aspects of uterine serous carcinoma were also observed in this model.
The Association between Ventricle Ratio in Preterm Infants and Motor Developmental Delay
Authors: Shin Hyun Iee , Lee Na Mi , Kim Sun Mi , Hwang Hyunchan , Choi Gangta , Han Doug Hyun , Kim Don-Kyu
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Early prediction and timely intervention are particularly essential for high-risk preterm infants. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (BMRI) is frequently used alongside functional evaluations to improve predictions of developmental outcomes. This study aimed to assess voxel-based brain volumetry in extremely preterm infants using BMRI at term equivalent age (TEA) and investigate its association with developmental outcomes. Methods: From March 2016 to December 2019, high-risk preterm infants (birth weight <1,500 g or gestational age <32 weeks) with BMRI at TEA and follow-up developmental data assessed by Bayley-III were included. For BMRI volumetry, manual tracing and segmentation were performed on T1-weighted scans, and after smoothing, voxels were calculated for each brain segment. Forty-seven subjects were enrolled and categorized into typical/delayed motor groups. Results: Results revealed a significant difference in ventricle size and ventricle ratio in BMRI at TEA between the groups. Even after controlling for other factors that could influence developmental outcomes, ventricle ratio emerged as a robust, single predictor for future motor development. Conclusion: This study suggests the potential clinical utility of BMRI volumetry in predicting motor development outcomes.
Impact of Clinical Consequences of Pulp Involvement due to Caries on Oral Health‐Related Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Reis Patricia Papoula Gorni , Jorge Roberta Costa , Marañón-Vásquez Guido Artemio , Fidalgo Tatiana Kelly da Silva , Maia Lucianne Cople , Soviero Vera Mendes
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Dental caries with pulp involvement potentially impacts the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate whether clinical consequences of pulp involvement due to dental caries impacts OHRQoL of children and adolescents. Methods: Observational studies evaluating whether children/adolescents (population) with pulp involvement due to caries (exposition) compared with those without it (comparison) have more negative impact on their OHRQoL (outcome) were included. A systematic search was undertaken in August 2022 in seven databases. Alerts were set until August 2023. JBI Critical Appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies was used for methodological quality assessment. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to calculate mean differences (MD) or standardized mean differences (SMD) of impact on OHRQoL. For studies with dichotomous outcome, meta-analysis calculated the odds ratio (OR). Robustness, heterogeneity, certainty of evidence, and publication bias were evaluated. Results: From 29 included studies, 14 assessed preschoolers, nine assessed schoolchildren, four assessed adolescents, and two assessed children/adolescents. PUFA was the main index used to assess the exposure. ECOHIS (preschoolers) and CPQ (children/adolescents) were the main tools used to assess the outcome. Only five articles fully adhered to the quality criteria. The meta-analyses found the following main results: (a) preschoolers: MD −10.79 (−16.50; −5.09); (b) schoolchildren: MD −5.12 (−7.51; −2.72); (c) adolescents: MD −1.86 (−4.59; 0.87); (d) overall impact: SMD −2.18; (CI: −3.21;−1.15) and OR 0.52 (CI: 0.30; 0.90). Conclusion: Pulp involvement impacted OHRQoL of children negatively. In adolescents, this impact was not observed. Results must be interpreted with caution due to very low certainty of evidence.
Dynamic Peripheral T-Cell Analysis Identifies On-Treatment Prognostic Biomarkers of Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Han Ji Won , Kang Min Woo , Lee Soon Kyu , Yang Hyun , Kim Ji Hoon , Yoo Jae-Sung , Cho Hee Sun , Jang Eun Ji , Seo Deok Hwa , Kwon Jung Hyun , Nam Soon Woo , Bae Si Hyun , Jang Jeong Won , Choi Jong Young , Yoon Seung Kew , Sung Pil Soo
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Variability in response to atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (AB) treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) underscores the critical need for the development of effective biomarkers. We sought to identify peripheral blood biomarkers reflecting response to AB treatment. Methods: We analyzed dynamic changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a prospective, multicenter cohort of 65 patients with HCC, using flow cytometry to evaluate the T-cell population before and 3 weeks after the first AB treatment. Results: We found a unique response of the CD8+ T cells in terms of both frequency and phenotype, in contrast to CD4+ T cells and regulatory T cells. Notably, CD8+ T cells showed significant changes in expression of Ki-67 and T-cell immunoreceptors with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT). These distinct responses were observed particularly in the programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1)+ subpopulation of CD8+ T cells. Interestingly, the baseline differentiation status of PD-1+CD8+ T cells, particularly the central memory T-cell subset, correlated positively with greater proliferation (higher Ki-67 expression) of PD-1+CD8+ T cells after treatment. Moreover, effector memory cells expressing CD45RA correlated negatively with the increase in TIGIT+/PD-1+CD8+ T cells. The increase in TIGIT+/CD8+ T cells was associated with the development of immune-related adverse events, whereas increase in Ki-67+/PD-1+CD8+ T cells was associated with the better objective response rate. Importantly, dynamic shifts of Ki-67+/PD-1+CD8+ T cells and TIGIT+/CD8+ T cells significantly predicted progression-free survival and overall survival, as confirmed by multivariate analysis. Conclusion: These findings highlight the potential of dynamic changes in CD8+ T cells as an on-treatment prognostic biomarker. Our study underscores the value of peripheral blood profiling as a noninvasive and practical method for predicting the clinical outcomes of AB treatment in patients with HCC.
Severe Itch Related to Hard Workload Treated with Acupuncture: Unexpected Results – A Case report
Authors: Dahlin Lisbeth , Finn Anja
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The effects of work-related stress (WRS) on occupational health often lead to reduced well-being and long-term sick leave. Itching or pruritus, a skin inflammation with a rash that provokes the desire to scratch, often occurs during stressful periods in patients with a history of atopic dermatitis (AD). Case Presentation: This patient suffered from severe WRS together with long-term therapeutically resistant pruritus for 8 years, resulting in severe itching. He was provided with an intervention with acupuncture treatment (AT) to prevent a long-term sick leave. The results showed an unexpected reduction in itching, skin inflammation, and eczema. Additionally, the treatment enhanced the patient’s emotional and cognitive well-being and eliminated the need for sick leave. Conclusion: Acupuncture can be an effective complementary treatment for severe itching related to WRS, in addition to standard medical treatments.
The Association between Preserved Ratio Impaired Spirometry and Depression: Results from a Prospective Population-Based Study
Authors: Lin Ping , Li Xiaoqian , Jiang Faming , Liang Zongan
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The relationship between preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) and depression remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the bidirectional relationship between PRISm and depression using data from a national cohort. Methods: Data from wave 2 (2004–2005) to wave 4 (2008–2009) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) were analyzed. Lung function and depressive symptoms were measured at baseline and follow-up. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) of PRISm with depression (study 1) and depression with PRISm (study 2). Results: Studies 1 and 2 included 2,934 and 2,277 participants, respectively. The follow-up period extended from wave 2 to wave 4. In univariate analyses, a bidirectional association between PRISm and depression was observed, with unadjusted HRs of 1.49 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12–1.99; p = 0.007) in study 1 and 1.69 (95% CI, 1.13–2.52; p = 0.010) in study 2. However, in multivariable Cox models, baseline PRISm was not associated with subsequent depression development (adjusted HR 1.26; 95% CI, 0.94–1.69; p = 0.128). Conversely, participants with depression had a significantly higher risk of developing PRISm compared to those without depression (adjusted HR 1.54; 95% CI, 1.03–2.32; p = 0.038). These findings were consistent with z-score-based interpretive strategies, with an adjusted HR of 1.30 (95% CI, 0.95–1.77; p = 0.105) in study 1 and 1.59 (95% CI, 1.03–2.47; p = 0.038) in study 2. Conclusions: Depression was associated with an increased risk of developing PRISm, whereas PRISm did not increase the risk of developing depression. Physicians should be vigilant for potential PRISm development in patients with depression.
ПІСЛЯОПІКОВІ ХОНДРИТИ ВУШНИХ РАКОВИН
Authors: ЗАПОРОЖАН С. Й. , САВЧИН В. С. , АНДРЮЩЕНКО Д. В. , ТУЗЮК Н. В.
Published: September 2024

Мета роботи: проаналізувати результати лікування пацієнтів з хондроперихондритом, викликаним опіковим ураженням.
Матеріали і методи. Проліковано 18 пацієнтів, які перенесли опіки голови, у 12 (66,66 %) з них перебіг захворювання ускладнився перихондритом, хондроперихондритом – у 6 (33,34 %) хворих. Вік пацієнтів становив від 18 до 67 років. Чоловіків було 16 (88,88 %), жінок – 2 (11,12 %). У 15 (83,33 %) пацієнтів було одностороннє ураження, у 3 (16,67 %) – двостороннє.
Результати. У всіх пацієнтів лікування перихондриту починали з місцевого застосування антисептиків (хлоргексидин, розчин бетадину, октенісепт, декасан, мазі з левомеколем, сульфодіазином срібла та інші). Пацієнтам із поширеними опіками тіла проводили інфузійну терапію для покращення мікроциркуляції в рані сольовими, безсольовими і, за показаннями, білковими препаратами, пацієнти отримували реосорбілакт, рінгер-лактат пентоксифілін, трентал, актовегін, антибактеріальні препарати. При вираженому набряку проводили раннє дренування розрізом із видаленням некротичних тканин. При формуванні некротичного струпа виконували некректомію з видаленням частини хряща в межах здорових тканин. При оголених хрящах, коли формування грануляційної тканини було неможливим, проводили реваскуляризацію оголеного хряща клаптем темпоральної фасції на судинній ніжці. Найпоширенішою причиною глибокого опіку вушної раковини був опік полум’ям. В усіх пацієнтів, у яких розвинувся перихондрит, було діагностовано глибокі опіки. Перихондрит і хондроперихондрит вушної раковини – це дуже складне захворювання, яке вимагає комплексного медикаментозного лікування і швидкого оперативного втручання – дренування. В усіх випадках намагалися зберегти оголений хрящ і закрити його місцевими тканинами, наскільки це було можливо.
O patrimônio cultural e a contribuição do antropólogo: esquemas de percepção e algumas práticas
Authors: Zacchi Marina Sallovitz
Published: September 2024

The aim of this article is to review the main legal devices and normative instruments that regulate the policy of valuing and promoting of the in-tangible cultural heritage by  Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional – IPHAN, in order to identify the main categories by which it was sought to print an anthropological orientation, as well as to reflect on the potentialities, limits, and tensions implied in the transposition of the theoretical-conceptual framework of this discipline. The identification of these categories of thought aimed to serve as a substrate for the analysis of the discourses of anthropologists in the elaboration of dossiers that techni-cally instruct the processes of registration as cultural patrimony of Brazil, in order to understand the implications of the variations observed in their uses in terms of positions, particularly with regard to the meanings attributed to the differences in our social actuality.
Psicanálise e saúde mental infanto-juvenil: uma reflexão sobre o lugar da subjetividade nos CAPSi
Authors: Souza Daniela Marras Dias de , Kyrillos Neto Fuad , Calzavara Maria Gláucia Pires
Published: September 2024

The aim of this article is to discuss the work of the mental health teams in the Child and Adolescent Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPSi), in order to consider subjectivity as a factor of inclusion. The methodology used was based on applied psychoanalysis. Franco Basaglia's contributions were revisited in order to understand his influence on the Psychiatric Reform in Brazil and to elucidate the current practice of CAPSi. The current impasses in the field of subjectivity in the Psychiatric Reform are discussed and it is proposed to locate transversal surfaces  that  articulate  the  presence  of  a  psychoanalytic  approach  to  subjectivity  in  psychosocial  care.  The conclusion is that it is important to discuss a psychoanalytic approach to subjectivation in public mental health services, so that treatment in these services is not polarized between biological reductionism and psychosocial care.
A crise das narrativas é também a crise do sujeito em comunidade
Authors: Costa David
Published: September 2024

Este texto é uma resenha do livro A crise da narração do filósofo Byung-Chul Han. Nesta obra, lançada em 2023 pela Editora Vozes, o autor discorre sobre o desaparecimento das narrativas autênticas na modernidade. Para Han, o excesso de informações que surge com as plataformas digitais ocasiona um consumo desenfreado de “narrativas” em mídias sociais, fenômeno que leva os indivíduos a perderem o senso de comunidade e de empatia entre si.
Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of Annona Senegalensis Extracts (Leaves and Stem Bark) Collected from Three Regions of Senegal
Authors: Diallo Diawo , Dramé Abdoulaye , Niang Lahat , Badock Edmond , Diallo Ibrahima , Sow Salif , Ayessou Nicolas
Published: September 2024

The main objective of the present study is to focus on evaluation of the secondary metabolites composition and antioxidant activity of hydro – ethanolic extracts of Annona senegalensis leaves and stem bark which used in traditional medicine against several kind of diseases. The yields of hydro-ethanolic extracts of organs (leaves and Stem bark) were determined, followed by phytochemical screening and amount of secondary metabolites, by using conventional analytical methods. Anti-radical activity was carried out by DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl) reduction tests. The best extraction rates, whatever the plant organ or origin, were obtained with leaves (15.5% on average). Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins. The highest levels of total polyphenols were obtained with leaves extracts [83.931 ± 0.018 g EGA/100 g Dry Matter (DM)] compared with stem bark (77.886 ± 1.001 g EGA/100 g DM). The highest tannin and flavonoid contents are 1.093 ± 0.006 g EC/100 g DM and 0.195 ± 0.004 g EC/100 g DM, respectively. Moreover, the extracts have a high antioxidant capacity with high inhibition percentages of 95.06 ± 0.10% for the leaves and 92.87 ± 0.10% for the bark. These results highlight the presence of bioactive compounds and potential antioxidant activity that have been shown to be efficient in the treatment of certain diseases, in accordance with ethno - botanical survey.