bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The journey of Heritage, the journey of Experience: a reflection on physical/virtual museums
Authors: Verdiani Giorgio , Arslan Pelin
Published: December 2024

In the XIXth and XXth centuries, archaeological exploration of monumental sites uncovered large urban scenarios, architectural masterpieces, and valuable artworks. Early musealization often involved removing and relocating these findings to museums far from their original locations. This led to the creation of specialized spaces that made collections accessible to visitors and scholars. The British Museum in London, the Pergamon useum in Berlin, and the Cloisters in Manhattan present architecture out of their original context, yet fully enjoyable without travelling to distant sites. This controversial approach left gaps in archaeological sites, while parts of buildings were treated as fascinating museal exhibition objects. Today, this legacy remains visible, but digital and advanced technologies offer new possibilities. Original sites can benefit from a “digital return,” allowing the virtual reconstruction of moved items, and enhancing the perception of long-abandoned cities. In the present paper, a series of reflections in the parallel between the Pergamon Museum in Berlin and the original archaeological site in Bergama, Turkey, will be developed reflecting on how digital representation may help in reconstructing a separated and disseminated heritage, defining new interactive spaces for the contemporary visitors.
La virtualizzazione degli spazi teatrali e della rappresentazione scenica
Authors: Cioli Federico , Lumini Andrea
Published: December 2024

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Export of book products, international exhibitions, the popularization of language and literature is an example of improving the image of the Kingdom of Spain on the world stage
Authors: Mylchenko Larysa
Published: December 2024

The article examines the factors that affect the image of Spain on the world stage, which allows the state to develop economically, conduct a powerful foreign policy and influence international processes.
As the main directions of this research, attention is focused on the export of book products of the Kingdom of Spain to the countries of the world, numerous international book fairs and events to popularize the Spanish language and culture in the world.
The article presents how a planned policy for learning the Spanish language is implemented in Spain, defines the role of various organizations in the preparation and implementation of events aimed at popularizing Spanish culture in the world. It is concluded that the Spanish model of spreading the national language and culture on the world stage is quite successful.
The experience of Spain's active participation in the work of international organizations can be useful for imitation in Ukraine, since our country lacks consistent and convincing steps to assert its own role and weight in modern world politics.
Study on Application Method of Soil Heavy Metal(loid) Pollution Indices for Urban Park Soils in Busan
Authors: Choi Seong-Hwa , Choi Seong-Woo , Lee Seo-I , Jeong Jae-Eun
Published: December 2024

This study evaluated the contamination of heavy metals (HMs) in the soil of 153 urban parks in Busan using soil pollution indices such as the single pollution index (PI), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), Nemerow pollution index (PIne), and potential ecological risk index (RI). The average concentration of each HM was 0–269.7% of the natural background concentration and 0–34.9% of the soil pollution warning standard. The artificial pollution level of cadmium (Cd) was higher than that of other HMs. The high degree of pollution of Cd may be related to emissions from industrial facilities and transport vehicles. Although the concentration of HMs are lower than the soil pollution warning standard, there is a possibility that HMs will accumulate due to point sources, such as various industrial activities, and non-point sources, such as vehicle pollution and import of soil from unknown sources. The PI and RI were used to determine the soil pollution levels of the urban parks. This study provides a policy basis for the management and hazard prevention of park soil pollution.
Influence of Molecular Structure on the Adsorption of Per - and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) to Activated Carbon in the Aqueous Phase
Authors: Seo Seonyeong , Han Junho , Na Seungmin , Lee Junghee , Kim Minhee
Published: December 2024

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) exhibit extreme biological, chemical, and physical stability due to the strong carbon–fluorine bond. Because of their unique chemical and physical properties, PFASs are not efficiently removed in wastewater treatment plants, leading these facilities to serve as point sources for PFASs entering the environment. However, the mechanisms of PFAS removal in treatment systems remain poorly understood, largely due to their unique chemical characteristics and the diverse structures of compounds with varying chain lengths and functional groups. This study examined how the structural characteristics of individual PFAS congeners, such as carbon-fluorine chain length and functional groups, affect their adsorption onto activated carbon during the removal process. Specifically, six PFCAs (F(CF2)nCOO-, where 3≤n≤8) and six PFSAs (F(CF2)nSO3-, where 4≤n≤8) were investigated. The interactions governing the mechanisms of PFAS removal by activated carbon were analyzed using thermodynamic and kinetic models. The adsorption of PFASs onto activated carbon was found to increase with the number of fluorinated carbons in the PFAS molecules. Furthermore, the adsorption of PFSAs was greater than that of PFCAs with the same number of fluorinated carbons. These findings suggest that long-chain PFASs exhibit increased hydrophobicity due to their extended hydrophobic tails, which enhance their adsorption capacity on the hydrophobic surface of activated carbon. Additionally, PFSAs, which possess larger steric hindrance and greater molecular size due to the sulfonate group, demonstrated higher hydrophobicity and, consequently, greater adsorption compared to PFCAs with an equivalent number of fluorinated carbons. Therefore, long-chain PFASs are more likely to compete aggressively for adsorption sites on activated carbon.
Evaluation of the Simultaneous Analytical Method and its Applicability for 43 Unregulated Trace Contaminants in Water Samples Using LC-MS/MS
Authors: Rho Hyojune , Moon Haeran , Lee Heon-Jun , Oh Jeong-Eun
Published: December 2024

River water contains numerous unregulated trace contaminants, primarily pharmaceuticals and pesticides. In this study, a solid-phase extraction (SPE) method with a multi-layer cartridge was employed for the simultaneous analysis of river water for 21 pharmaceuticals and 22 pesticides. Accuracy, precision and recovery of internal standards were satisfactory and met the requirements of the EPA Method 1694. In the case of amoxicillin, analytical conditions were optimized using methanol adduct as a precursor ion, resulting in higher analytical sensitivity than the original compound. The method detection limits (MDLs) were similar to or lower than those reported in domestic and international studies. When the simultaneous analytical method used in this study was applied to river water samples, 25 out of 43 target compounds were detected. Although their concentration levels are about 100 times lower than international water quality standards, continuous monitoring is required due to the high detection frequency of some compounds for which domestic research data are lacking.
Features of innovative investment in conditions of economic security
Authors: Zenova Elena , Suhodoeva Lyudmila
Published: December 2024

In our opinion, the most relevant issue in modern society is the study of conceptual approaches to the consideration of economic security and its interaction with the investment activities of organizations, its classification features, and structural elements. The trends of modern global globalization, internationalization and transnationalization of the economy, problems of a micro- and macroeconomic nature, contribute to the manifestation of serious attention to issues of ensuring economic security and outline the actualization of the problem of studying investment security raised by us both internationally and domestically. This problem of investment activity of organizations in conditions of uncertainty, risk and complexity of building economic relations under sanctions pressure and the severity of geopolitical relations is revealed more specifically. Thus, in the current situation of striving for the economic development of the regions, there is a need to build investment security mechanisms. They are presented in the article in two aspects: on the one hand, as a serious, strategically significant element of economic security, which allows for the prevention of sanctions threats in connection with a reduction in investment; on the other hand, as a relatively individualized socially significant direction that contributes to the sustainable development of the national regional economy while expanding the dynamics of the country’s development. At the same time, the study conducted by the authors examines the arguments regarding the need to develop an investment risk management mechanism that contributes to the development of the structure of operations to ensure investment attractiveness. The key development vectors for solving this problem are: the formation of a dynamic investment security system that reflects the attractiveness of the domestic market; as well as the implementation of strategic planning of the structure of an innovative, attractive for investment market of high-quality and competitive goods, which forms the possibilities of modern technological innovation in industrial industrial development.
Regional features of ensuring economic security in the context of internal and external threats
Authors: Sharipova Gul'nazym
Published: December 2024

In order to carry out successful economic activity, strengthening economic security seems to be one of the urgent problems of the national and regional economy. The author considers the problems of ensuring the economic security of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The review of scientific research by Russian and Kazakh economists studying national and regional economic security from different positions and approaches is presented. The article shows the peculiarities of the macro-regions of Kazakhstan, with their inherent internal threats. Using the example of the Karaganda region, regional peculiarities, factors reflecting the dynamics of development are highlighted, indicators reflecting the state of economic security of the region are given. Based on the above statistics, internal and external threats have been identified that have a negative impact on the level of economic security of the Karaganda region. The result of the study was the development of proposals to minimize the threats in the region, the implementation of which will ultimately contribute to sustainable and progressive national development.
Веб-архивы: классификация и способы организации
Authors: Редькина Н.С.
Published: December 2024

Идея веб-архивирования, как способ сохранения веб-контента для будущих исследователей, не утратила своего значения в XXI в. Рассмотрены способы организации веб-архивов и предложена их классификация по территориальному признаку, организации-создателю, тематике, видам веб-контента, способам сохранения и условиям предоставления. Классификация по выделенным основаниям позволит использовать веб-архивы более эффективно в решении исследовательских задач.

The idea of web archiving as a way to preserve web content for future researchers has not lost its importance in the 21st century. Methods of organizing web archives are considered and their classification according to territorial basis, creator organization, subject matter, types of web content, methods of preservation and conditions of provision is proposed. It seems that classification according to selected grounds will allow the use of web archives more effectively in solving research problems.
Analisis Sistem Dinamik Tingkat Permintaan dan Persediaan Bahan Baku pada UMKM Ayam Penyet X
Authors: Sihombing Richand , Sianipar Grace , Lumban Gaol Ivan
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dinamika sistem permintaan dan ketersediaan bahan baku pada UMKM Ayam Penyet X menggunakan pendekatan sistem dinamik. Masalah utama yang dihadapi adalah ketidaksesuaian antara ketersediaan bahan baku dan permintaan konsumen, yang menghambat efisiensi operasional dan mengurangi kepuasan pelanggan. Dengan memanfaatkan model simulasi, penelitian ini memvalidasi hasil menggunakan metode Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) untuk memastikan akurasi model. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan tiga skenario: kondisi awal, pemesanan berbasis permintaan, dan penyesuaian pemesanan dengan peningkatan pelanggan. Skenario kedua menunjukkan fleksibilitas yang lebih tinggi dalam memenuhi permintaan dibandingkan skenario lainnya. Rekomendasi kebijakan yang diberikan dapat membantu UMKM dalam meningkatkan pengelolaan stok bahan baku serta merespons permintaan konsumen secara lebih optimal.
Japanese University Students’ Self-Directed Learning Goals and Action Plans Elicited with the Use of a Reflection Tool
Authors: Ubukata Haruka , Ying Allen
Published: December 2024

Supporting learners in developing skills to manage their learning outside the classroom is not an easy task for teachers. One way to take on this challenge is through reflection activities designed to raise learners’ awareness of themselves and their learning and help them identify how to maximize their learning opportunities both in and outside the classroom. In this study, we report on 41 Japanese university students’ reflection entries elicited by a reflection tool called the Wheel of Language Learning (WLL) (Kato & Mynard, 2016) and follow-up reflective questions. We identified the language and learning skills they were interested in improving and the actions they believed would help them improve those skills. Results show that, while the students chose different skills to focus on, speaking, confidence, and vocabulary were the most popular areas. The students came up with a variety of strategies and resources to improve their target skills. However, there were also areas where teachers may need to provide support to raise students’ awareness. At the end of the article, we provide limitations and recommendations for teachers interested in supporting learners with their self-directed learning through reflection activities.
Awake Fiberoptic Intubation in a Patient with T4N2M1 Buccal Tumor and Pulmonary Metastasis: A Case Report and Anesthetic Challenges
Authors: Numbi Akhmadi Teguh  , Jeffri Prasetyo Utomo  , Taufiq Agus Siswagama
Published: December 2024

Background: Advanced buccal cancer with pulmonary metastasis presents significant challenges for airway management due to potential anatomical distortions and respiratory compromise. Awake fiberoptic intubation (AFOI) is often the preferred technique in these cases. This report describes the successful anesthetic management of a patient with a T4N2M1 buccal tumor and lung metastasis using AFOI.
Case presentation: A 64-year-old male with a T4N2M1 buccal tumor and pulmonary metastasis presented for an open biopsy and biopsy of the oral cavity. He had limited mouth opening (Mallampati 2), anemia, and hypoalbuminemia. AFOI was performed using dexmedetomidine and topical lidocaine. General anesthesia was induced with propofol and atracurium and maintained with sevoflurane. Postoperative pain was managed with paracetamol and ketorolac. The patient's recovery was uneventful.
Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of AFOI in securing the airway for patients with advanced buccal cancer and pulmonary metastasis. Meticulous preoperative planning, including optimization of comorbidities and vigilant perioperative monitoring, is essential for successful outcomes in these complex cases.
Smells like … no evidence that odors influence the attentional blink
Authors: Hackländer Ryan , Baess Pamela , Bermeitinger Christina
Published: December 2024

The attentional blink (AB) paradigm is frequently used to investigate temporal attention. Essentially, rapid serial visual streams of several distractors and two targets are presented. The accuracy in detecting the second target stimulus (T2) decreases in the time window between 100 and 500 ms following accurate detection of the first target stimulus (T1). In two experiments, Colzato et al. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 76, 1510–1515, (2014) reported evidence for a modulation of the AB effect depending on the presentation of different ambient odors: Peppermint increased the AB compared with lavender. In the current study, we tried to replicate their basic findings while using different methods and procedures to present the lavender versus peppermint odorants. In three experiments, we found no evidence that these odorants influence the AB effect. We discuss our findings in comparison with those from Colzato et al., in relation to other empirical research in this field as well as in regard to different hypotheses concerning how odorants may influence human cognition.
Modeling of soft connection of nonlinear load to high-voltage network by switch with phase-by-phase control of main contacts
Authors:   Branch of the National Research University "MPEI" in Smolensk, Rozhkov Vyacheslav V. , Lavrov Igor A. ,   Branch of the National Research University "MPEI" in Smolensk, Malashchenkov Ilya A. ,   Branch of the National Research University “MPEI” in Smolensk, Shulakova Daria A. ,   The Branch of National Research University MPEI in Smolensk
Published: December 2024

The article uses developed dynamic mathematical models to explore the problems of processes that arise during the uncontrolled connection of a reactive load to high-voltage three-phase networks with a solidly grounded neutral. When switching transformer or reactor electrical equipment to the network at an unfavorable moment, shock inrush currents can occur that are tens of times higher than the rated current. These currents contain aperiodic components that magnetize the steel cores of the devices. Then it is necessary to adjust the settings of the relay protection against current surges, which leads to a decrease in its sensitivity and performance when triggered in real short circuit modes. An effective technical solution to reduce shock currents is the use of a controlled phase-by-phase drive of the main contacts of switches. Simulation of circuit dynamics was carried out in the MatLab system and the MultiSim software to assess favorable switching moments. An analytical expression is derived for neutralizing the aperiodic component of the flux linkage of magnetic cores. Under this condition, non-sinusoidal surges of magnetizing currents do not exceed the specified values controlled by the protection. The difficulty of shock-free connection in practice of power transformers in idle mode, containing secondary windings in star and delta circuits, is noted. Then in the secondary windings, with the initial setting of the phase-by-phase switching of the main contacts of the switch, the symmetry of the phase flux linkages is broken. The results of the simulation confirmed a possible solution to the soft switching problem in this case. It consists of changing the design of the transformer by introducing high-voltage switches into the delta phases of the corresponding secondary winding, which must be open during the start-up of the transformer and then closed at a predictable moment. A block diagram of the operation algorithm of the information part for soft phase-by-phase switching of the main contacts of a high-voltage circuit breaker has been generated. The developed package of dynamic mathematical models allows, based on processing data on instantaneous values of network phase voltages, to form a shock-free phase-by-phase connection of a reactive load with the absence of aperiodic current components.
Orígenes de la Acción Integral de la Armada Nacional de Colombia
Authors: Guerra-La-Rotta Gustavo A. , Rondón-López Herley
Published: December 2024

Este estudio examina la estrategia multifacética de la Acción Integral Naval (AIN) y su papel crucial en abordar las necesidades de seguridad y desarrollo en las comunidades costeras y fluviales. A través de una mirada histórica, rastreamos los orígenes de la AIN en América Latina, enfatizando su evolución y el papel fundamental que ha desempeñado la Armada Nacional de Colombia en refinar y aplicar esta estrategia, estableciendo un paradigma para las fuerzas navales en la región. El estudio ilustra la efectividad de la AIN en contrarrestar amenazas como la insurgencia, el tráfico de drogas y el crimen organizado, al mismo tiempo que fomenta el desarrollo socioeconómico, mejorando el acceso a servicios esenciales y fortaleciendo los tejidos sociales. Se pone un énfasis particular en la capacidad de adaptación de la AIN a las demandas cambiantes del siglo XXI, con un enfoque creciente en la gobernanza, la protección del medio ambiente y la ayuda humanitaria.
Property and Its Fate: Hegel and Fichte on the Violence of Private Property Rights
Authors: Dumbliauskas Povilas
Published: December 2024

This paper argues that the issues of right and private property are pivotal to grasp the transformations in the development of Hegel’s thought that push Hegel from his ontological theory of re-unification through love, developed in his Frankfurt fragments as an explicit remedy against the dominion of law and its form, to a more complex ontological conception of unification as the unity of unity and difference that marks Hegel’s Jena thought, most notably in his essay on natural right, where he attempts to think the absolute ethical life as inclusive of differences in the sense of an atomistic civil society, thereby rethinking the status of law anew. The problem of private property will also allow us to raise the question of Hegel’s complex relationship to Fichte’s Wissenschaftslehre differently. It will be argued that despite Hegel’s harsh critique of Fichte’s theory of natural right and the state, both thinkers, nevertheless, agree that the crucial problem in thinking of right and the state is the inherent violence of civil society expressed in the notion of the contract, which, it will be furthermore argued, reveals a profoundly materialist thought. Finally, in relation to the problem of property, Hegel’s infamous conceptualization of sacrifice, a tragedy that the Absolute plays with itself, will be discussed. It will be suggested that war, for Hegel, pertains to the inherent violence of civil society as its self-relating negativity, which points to contingency at the very heart of his conception of the Absolute. Beginning with the Natural Law essay, Hegel already shows that neither the Absolute, nor the speculative unity he seeks to think, can remain a matter of indifference.
Politika u romanu Unterstadt Ivane Šojat
Authors: Tadić-Šokac Sanja
Published: December 2024

Ivana Šojat u romanu Unterstadt izmjenjuje priče o osobnim sudbinama s pričom o službenoj povijesti i time pripovjedačica naglašava da je raskorak između službene povijesti i sudbina junaka djela nepremostiv. Autorica tematizira ‘politička zla, zla političke moći/vlasti’ sukladno Ricouerovu stajalištu po kojemu se upravo »zahvaljujući politici razvijaju specifična zla, koja upravo i jesu politička zla, zla političke moći/vlasti.« Ona se ne mogu podvesti pod nešto drugo, posebno se ne mogu svesti na ekonomsko otuđenje. U romanu se Unterstadt eksplicitno pokazuje kako politika djeluje na članove nekoliko generacija jedne obitelji njemačkog podrijetla. U djelu je uspostavljena veza između književnosti i politike te političkog, a da se pri tome nije ugrozila autonomija dvaju polja. O tom književno-teorijskom pitanju pišu mnogi teoretičari. Među njima ističem stajalište J. Derridaa izneseno 1992. godine u intervjuu This Strange Institution Called Literature: an Interview with Jacques Derrida. U njemu književnost motri kao modernu instituciju neodvojivu od moderne institucije demokracije. On smatra da autor književnošću može izreći sve što želi, a da pritom ostane zaštićen od svakog tipa cenzure (političke, religijske, nacionalne). Ta je sloboda koju mu književnost nudi »moćno političko oružje, koje ipak može u trenutku biti neutralizirano kao fikcija.« U romanu Unterstadt prisutna je snažna kritika politike i zla koji se nemilosrdno obračunavaju s pojedincima i cijelim obiteljima u vihorima povijesnih zbivanja. Ovo se djelo Ivane Šojat daje u potragu za odsutnim temeljima društvenosti, a čitatelj se iz vlastite izloženosti društvenim pojavama i njihove nečitljivosti javlja kao subjekt koji krijumčari značenja preko interpretativnih granica. Unterstadt nas, još jednom, opominje i poziva da ne zaboravimo strahote koje je čovjek sposoban počiniti.
The Effect of Product Diversification and Company Size on Company Profitability Case Study on UD Setya Abadi D.M
Authors: FATMAWATI Vindi Atika , HARIYANA Nanik
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
Product diversification is how a business can develop types of products both related to the central business and as substitutes and contemporary products. According to Ansoff (1957), diversification is related to product and quantity changes. This research aims to prove whether prodct diversification and company size increase profits so that business actors can decide on the proper steps in future business steps.
Methodology:
The method used in this research is multiple linear regression using the SPSS for Windows version 26 application. In this research, there are two independent variables and one dependent variable. The independent variable comprises product diversification and company size, while the dependent variable is company profitability.
Findings:
According to the data processing results using the multiple linear regression method, company profitability was positively influenced by product diversification and company size.
Implication:
Product diversification is carried out by adding product variants from a company and by requiring innovation that can differentiate one's product from other companies' products, which can place one's product above competitors' products.
The Influence of Markov Chain and Properties of Principal Component Solutions in the Analysis of Share Price Movements for Stock Market
Authors: BISHOP Dagogo  Allen Wokoma , AMADI Innocent Uchenna , ISOBEYE George
Published: December 2024

Purpose: Stock market performance and operation have been widely recognized as a viable investment field in financial markets. Therefore, this paper studied the stochastic analysis of the Markov chain and PCA in the closing share price data of Access and Fidelity banks (2016-2022) through the Nigeria Stock Exchange. The share prices were transformed into a 3-step transition probability matrix solution to cover this number of years.Methodology:This research uses the Markov chain method, which defines a stochastic process. Mathematically, a stochastic process can be defined as a collection of random variables ordered in time and determined at a series of time points that may be continuous or discrete.Findings:The criteria for obtaining four share prices formed from the two merged banks' 2x2 matrices were given, and analytical solutions of principal components were considered for future stock price changes.Implication: The solution matrix of the two merged banks showed that they have the best probability of price increasing shortly: 12%, the best probability of reducing in the future by 22%, and the best probability of no-change shortly by 21%, which is a tool for proper decision making in the day-to-day management of the bank; which shows it is profit making organization and are hopeful for future investment plans both short or long term respectively.
Arrangements for Notary Leave in Urgent Circumstances According to the Notary Office Act
Authors: UTAMI I Dewa Ayu Listari , DHARSANA I Made Pria , SUKANDIA I Nyoman
Published: December 2024

Purpose:What is the mechanism for arranging the Notary's leave by the Notary's family in an urgent situation? 2. What are the legal consequences of a Notary's leave in an urgent situation on the performance of the position of a Notary based on the Notary Office Law?Methodology:The method chosen for this research is Notary Concept, Substitute Notary Concept, Supervisory Board Concept, Urgent Concept, and Legal Consequences Concept.Findings:The results of the study show that Article 28 of the Law on the Position of a Notary Public shows a blurring of the norms of urgent criteria and only provides a limited and brief explanation, that is, a husband/wife or a straight line from a Notary can submit a request for leave to the Supervisory Board as stated in Article 27 paragraph ( 2), and an urgent situation there are many thoughts of multiple interpretations giving rise to a lack of legal certainty, there is a need for more detailed guidelines or rules regarding Notary leave in urgent circumstances so that it can be carried out following the policy of the Notary Supervisory Board.Implication:The government needs to pay attention to the causes and effects that occur in the regulations that apply at this time so that requests for leave can be implemented in urgent situations so that legal institutions can carry out their duties according to existing law.
Implementation of the Legality Principle in the Criminal Justice System of Indonesia
Authors: AMIR Firman , MEIFANI Marina Tresna Ayu , SATRIADI  , SETIYONO Aries , MIKO  , KRISTHY Mutia Evi
Published: December 2024

Purpose:The legality principle, a fundamental concept in Indonesian criminal law, underpins the legal framework for societal order. Originating from historical roots, it ensures justice, human rights protection, and transparent law enforcement. Article 1 Paragraph 1 of the Criminal Code solidifies its significance in Indonesian positive law. By examining the historical evolution, implications, and challenges of the legality principle, this article aims to deepen the comprehension of its impact on Indonesian criminal law. The ultimate goal is to contribute to a just and effective judicial system.Methodology:This study employs standard research methods, including a legal literature review and analysis of court decisions, to explore the application of the legality principle in the Indonesian criminal justice system.Findings:The principle enshrined in Article 1 Paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code emphasizes that punishment must align with pre-existing laws. It prohibits retroactive application and analogy use and ensures adherence to formal legal principles. In the Indonesian context, the legality principle is crucial for protecting citizens' rights, maintaining justice, and upholding societal values. Its application intersects with legal concepts like "nulla crimen sine lege," highlighting its significance in shaping the nation's legal landscape.Implication:The study highlights key findings on legal principles in the Indonesian criminal system, emphasizing the centrality of the legality principle, a formalistic approach, and ongoing efforts to integrate material aspects. Challenges include incorporating customary law and potential conflicts between legal systems.
Financial Relations Between Central Government and Regional Government in Regional Autonomy
Authors: JENERIO Rio , WATI Wilna , JAMILAH Fitria Lailan , TUAHNU Bernandus , KRISTHY Mutia Evi
Published: December 2024

Purpose: Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government shows a division of authority between the Central Government, Provincial Government, and City Regency Government. Mapping or classification of central and local government affairs is regulated in Article 9 to Article 26.Methodology:The method used in research for writing this paper is to use the type of research "Normative," namely by using secondary data. Normative Law Research is research conducted on laws and regulations related to the legislation in this paper. In addition, by conducting a literature review of related literature.Findings: With regional autonomy, the government in the region in running the government requires costs to take care of its household for the region to get money; a source of regional income is needed.Implication:The Financial Relationship between the Central Government and Regional Government has been established by Law Number 1 of 2022 concerning Financial Relations between Central and Regional Governments, which repealed Law Number 28 of 2009 concerning Regional Taxes and Regional Levies and Law Number 33 of 2004 concerning Financial Balance between the Central Government and Regional Governments.
Angol környezetvédelmi büntetőjog
Authors: Julesz Máté
Published: December 2024

The author provides an overview of English environmental criminal law.
Exploring Reading Comprehension Challenges in the Setswana Home Language Classroom: Learners’ and Techers’ Perspectives
Authors: Mahoro Paulinah M. , Makgato Mary M. , Olifant Tilla
Published: December 2024

Learners’ poor reading comprehension levels have plunged South Africa into a reading crisis. Despite the government’s initiatives to improve learners’ reading levels and redress their lack of reading comprehension skills, it is still a serious problem, particularly in rural areas. It is for this reason, that this study investigated the teachers’ and learners’ perspectives on learners’ reading comprehension challenges in the Grade 10 Setswana Home Language classroom in two high schools in the North-West Province of South Africa. Through a qualitative approach informed by a case study design involving semi-structured interviews and focus group interviews, four Grade 10 Setswana home language teachers and 39 Grade 10 learners were selected to participate in this study using purposive sampling. The thematic analysis revealed several key challenges: poor foundational reading skills, lack of Setswana reading materials, negative attitudes towards Setswana, limited reading practice outside of school, and difficulties with complex language features like idioms and proverbs. The teachers emphasized systemic issues such as inadequate primary school preparation, while learners focused on specific linguistic difficulties. The findings highlight a critical need for earlier literacy interventions, increased investment in Setswana reading resources, efforts to promote positive attitudes towards African languages in education, and strategies to engage parents and communities in supporting Setswana literacy development. This research contributes to the broader discourse on language-in-education in multilingual contexts and emphasizes the importance of addressing reading comprehension challenges to improve academic outcomes and support learners’ cognitive development and cultural identity.

Keywords: Reading Comprehension, Setswana Home Language, Reading Challenges, Grade 10 Learners, Grade 10 Teachers
North American red fox rabies immunity gene drive for safer (sub)urban rewilding
Authors: Douglas Vixey
Published: December 2024

Animal-transmitted diseases such as rabies represent a barrier to successful rewilding and threaten continued human-wildlife co-existence. In North America, population growth and human settlement expansion lead to encounters with wild mammals which have the potential to transmit rabies to domestic dogs and humans. The recent development of gene drives mediated by CRISPR-Cas9 allows for ecosystem engineering at unprecedented scales given the potential to spread new traits through wild populations with biased inheritance exceeding the pattern of classical Mendelian dominant genes. This study of a possible red fox rabies immunity gene drive project contributes a novel proposal to the existing academic conversation about suitable applications of gene drive technology in wild animal populations, such as projects to fight malaria and Lyme disease. Noting the unique characteristics of rabies, such as the dire mortality rate in humans once symptoms arise, as well as the tendency for rabid wild animals to lose their fear of humans, it appears to be a suitable target for eventual eradication via gene drive to spread immunity through wild mammal reservoir populations. Introducing heritable rabies immunity into North American red fox populations through gene drive represents a strategy to both battle rabies and adjust the ecology of (sub)urban environments. Given this review of the project's possible implementation and expected outcomes, providing inherited rabies immunity to wild red fox populations in North America via gene drive appears both feasible and sensible. Similar projects may be used to eradicate comparable infectious diseases from other wild animal populations, with likely benefits to human patients, wildlife and ecosystems.
Un ancrage pour l’engagement
Authors: Duplatre Charles
Published: December 2024

Le programme Kairos , mis en place par le pôle formation du Centre de recherche et d’action sociales (Ceras), veut accompagner les catholiques de 18 à 35 ans désireux de s’engager en politique, à partir de la doctrine sociale de l’Église. Premier bilan, un an après son lancement.
Emergency Department Use Within 90 Days After Single-Level Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy
Authors: Jayaram Rahul H. , Oghenesume Oghenewoma P. , Day Wesley , Kammien Alexander J. , Grauer Jonathan N.
Published: December 2024

Background

This study sought to characterize the incidence of, timing of, predictive factors for, and reasons for emergency department (ED) visits within 90 days of single-level posterior cervical foraminotomy (PCF). These visits, after PCF, have received limited attention.

Materials and Methods

The 2010–2022 M161 PearlDiver database was queried for elective single-level PCFs, excluding multilevel procedures, midline laminectomies, fusions, or other posterior/anterior procedures, as well as indications of trauma, infection, or neoplasm. Patient age, sex, Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (ECI), insurance, and region were extracted. Weekly ED use after PCF was calculated. Multivariate analyses were used to identify predictive factors for ED use, and primary ED diagnoses were categorized.

Results

Of 10,588 PCF patients, 9.09% (n=962) visited the ED within 90 days after surgery, mostly in the first 4 weeks. Multivariate analysis identified that predictors included younger age (odds ratio [OR], 1.02 per decade decrease), female sex (OR, 1.19), higher ECI (OR, 1.28 for ECI 1–2; OR, 1.41 for ECI 3–4; OR, 1.51 for ECI ≥5), Midwest (OR, 1.16) or Northeast (OR, 1.19) region, and Medicare (OR, 1.09) or Medicaid (OR, 1.57) coverage. In the first 4 weeks, 69.9% of ED visits were related to the surgical site; this decreased to 27.1% thereafter.

Conclusion

Almost one-tenth of PCF patients visited the ED within 90 days after surgery. Specific patient characteristics were associated with ED visits, with surgical site-related diagnoses predominating in the acute postoperative period. Tailoring health care interventions based on timing of, risk factors for, and causes of ED visits may enhance outcomes and reduce costs. [
Orthopedics
. 2025;48(1):51–56.]
Upravljanje inovacijama u javnoj upravi
Authors:   Pravni fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Đulabić Vedran
Published: December 2024

U radu se analizira koncept inovacija, posebice inovacija u javnoj upravi (upravnih inovacija) kao novi koncept koji nalazi sve više mjesta u znanstvenoj literaturi, ali i praktičnim nastojanjima međunarodnih organizacija oko popularizacije inovacija u javnoj upravi. Također se pravi razlika između nekoliko temeljnih vrsta upravnih inovacija te pitanja povezana s upravljanjem inovacijama, poput prepreka, neočekivanih rezultata do kojih dovode i drugih sličnih pitanja. Nakon uvodnog poglavlja prvo se ukratko objašnjavaju temeljni pojmovi koji su se rabili i rabe se još uvijek za razumijevanje promjena i upravljanja promjenama u javnim organizacijama i cjelokupnoj javnoj upravi. Nakon toga se posebna pozornost posvećuje upravnim inovacijama i konceptu opakih problema (tzv. wicked problems). Posebno je poglavlje posvećeno praktičnim nastojanjima u vezi s primjenom koncepta inovacija u javnoj upravi. U tom se dijelu primarno obrađuje aktivnost OECD-a u vezi s primjenom i popularizacijom inovacija u javnom sektoru. U zaključnom se poglavlju razmatra mogućnost primjene inovacija u hrvatskoj javnoj upravi. Posebno se analiziraju prednosti i barijere uvođenju inovacija u javnu upravu u Hrvatskoj.
Uloga (ne)promjenjivosti svrhe zaklade za razvoj zakladništva u Republici Hrvatskoj
Authors:   Pravni fakultet Sveučilišta u Rijeci, Braut Filipović Mihaela , Pahljina Mateo ,   Pravni fakultet Sveučilišta u Rijeci
Published: December 2024

Zaklade, posebice obiteljske, u komparativnoj se praksi koriste kao model prijenosa poslovanja trgovačkog društva. S obzirom na to da de lege lata u Republici Hrvatskoj nije moguće osnovati privatnu, a time ni obiteljsku zakladu, potrebno je izmijeniti postojeći zakonodavni okvir kako bi se potaknulo daljnji razvoj zakladništva i u području prijenosa poslovanja trgovačkih društava. U analizi njemačkog, austrijskog, danskog i nizozemskog prava ispitat će se uloga svrhe zaklade i njene (ne)promjenjivosti u kontekstu očuvanja volje osnivača kada prijenosom kontrolnog paketa dionica ili poslovnih udjela na zakladu želi očuvati poslovanje svojeg društva i nakon smrti. Iznijet će se de lege ferenda prijedlozi o unaprjeđenju zakladničkog prava u RH kojim bi se hrvatski okvir zaklada približio uspješnim primjerima iz promatrane komparativne prakse.
Koncept zajedničkih voditelja i obrada osobnih podataka u sekundarne svrhe prema Općoj uredbi o zaštiti podataka (EU) 2016/679
Authors:   Pravni fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Lisičar Hrvoje , Jurić Marko ,   Pravni fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu
Published: December 2024

Iako je mogućnost sudjelovanja dvaju ili više subjekata u obradi osobnih podataka kao zajedničkih voditelja bila predviđena još u Direktivi 95/46/EZ, te unatoč tumačenjima Suda Europske unije koji u svojim presudama jasno upućuje na nužnost šire primjene navedenog koncepta, do donošenja Opće uredbe o zaštiti podataka, u praksi taj koncept nije u potpunosti zaživio. Tek nakon stupanja na snagu Opće uredbe, koja ima za cilj postizanje veće razine zaštite prava ispitanika te nameće odgovornim subjektima veću odgovornost za postupanje u obradi osobnih podataka, otvara se šira rasprava o primjeni koncepta zajedničkih voditelja. Cilj je ovog rada razmotriti bitne elemente u razgraničenju uloge zajedničkih voditelja i izvršitelja obrade, na temelju postojeće sudske prakse utvrditi koje je kriterije potrebno uzeti u obzir pri procjeni zajedničkog voditeljstva te konačno, na temelju dostupne literature, odluka nadzornih tijela i sudske prakse Suda Europske unije razmotriti koje su mogućnosti sekundarne uporabe osobnih podataka od strane jednog od voditelja obrade a koji je u svojstvu zajedničkog voditelja obrade sudjelovao u primarnoj obradi osobnih podataka.
Prikaz knjige: Nenad Dimitrijević, Moderno ustavotvorstvo – tri priče o odnosu istorijskih slučajnosti i normativnih principa, Fabrika knjiga, Peščanik, Beograd, 2024.
Authors:   Hrvatska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti, Bačić Arsen ,   Pravni fakultet Sveučilišta u Splitu
Published: December 2024

Radi zahtjevnih pretpostavki istraživanja i adekvatne analize modernog ustavotvorstva, recentna literatura o suvremenim ustavnim demokracijama poznaje tek malobrojna djela koja zaslužuju dužnu pozornost konstitucionalista i šire javnosti. Izvanrednu i dobrodošlu pojavu u tom smislu predstavlja najnovija knjiga Nenada Dimitrijevića Moderno ustavotvorstvo – Tri priče o odnosu istorijskih slučajnosti i normativnih principa. Ovaj dugogodišnjiprofesor ustavne i političke teorije na Pravnom fakultetu Sveučilišta u Novom Sadu i budimpeštanskom Central European University objavio je prije niz važnih, odvažnih i zapaženih naslova (Slučaj Jugoslavija: Socijalizam, nacionalizam, posledice, 2001.; Ustavna demokratija shvaćena kontekstualno, 2007.; Duty To Respond: Mass Crime, Denial, and Collective Responsibility, 2011. i dr.). Ukupnošću svojih radova, knjiga, časopisnih članaka, osvrtima kao i javnim nastupima, Nenad Dimitrijević pozitivni je i konstruktivni glas one strane srpske javnosti koja ne odustaje i još je u potrazi za ustavnim izborom koji oslobađa demokratske potencijale postsocijalističke srpske države i društva u nastajanju. Zato ne iznenađuje interes za njegove nove poglede i stavove o ustavotvorstvu. To treba naglasiti jer je tema ustavotvorstva, odnosno sami proces stvaranje ustava, “izrazito…politički čin”…; i koji nas, “pravilno shvaćen, … vraća na (samu) suštinu političkog” (D. Elazar). U tom smislu ova je knjiga “sažeta analiza ustavne demokracije” i ultimativno zauzimanje stava o tome: zašto je ustav važan općenito, i pod kojim bi to uvjetima ustav zaista mogao postati važan za državu Srbiju i njezino društvo.
Le lexique médiéval de la cicatrisation dans les dictionnaires et encyclopédies de médecine des xviiie et xixe siècles. Une enquête dans le Métadictionnaire
Authors: Bazin-Tacchella Sylvie
Published: December 2024

Cet article présente l’apport du Métadictionnaire médical multilingue pour l’étude historique d’un champ sémantique médical en français, celui de la cicatrisation, notion clé des chirurgies savantes médiévales, écrites en latin, puis traduites en langue vernaculaire. Notre corpus de termes provient de la traduction française du traité des plaies de la Chirurgia Magna de Guy de Chauliac (vers 1470). L’interrogation du Métadictionnaire permet de cerner différents types d’aboutissements : disparition ou maintien avec évolution sémantique ou non. Quand le terme recherché est absent de la nomenclature, il peut apparaître à l’intérieur d’autres articles ou dans des listes. Nous avons étudié successivement les termes de cicatrisation, inviscation, conglutination, consolidation, incarnation et sigillation, ainsi que les mots de la même famille. La disparition demeure exceptionnelle. Les dictionnaires peuvent maintenir un vocabulaire en usage, bien que périmé au regard de la science contemporaine. Mais l’examen des articles révèle également les changements doctrinaux et l’évolution des modèles descriptifs.
L’organisation des savoirs au prisme du Métadictionnaire : les eaux minérales dans l’Encyclopédie méthodique (1787-1830)
Authors: Zanetti François
Published: December 2024

En se concentrant sur le Dictionnaire de médecine de l’Encyclopédie méthodique, l’article étudie les dispositifs de l’organisation des savoirs sur les eaux minérales à la charnière des xviiie et xixe siècles. La tension entre l’ordre alphabétique, l’ampleur chronologique de l’entreprise éditoriale et l’évolution des savoirs médicaux représente un défi important qui apparaît dans les textes liminaires successifs. Les notices relatives aux eaux minérales rendent compte de l’importance du domaine pour un public qui ne se réduit pas aux médecins, ce dont témoigne notamment la place accordée à l’histoire. L’article propose de mettre en regard les contraintes et les choix éditoriaux des projets encyclopédiques de la fin du xviiie siècle et le contexte dans lequel se déploie le Métadictionnaire.
Textes savants et pratiques numériques : le projet Poésie biblique latine antique et médiévale (PoBLAM)
Authors: Bureau Bruno , Burri Inès
Published: December 2024

Cet article vise à partager les réflexions qu’ont suscitées certaines composantes numériques du projet Poésie biblique latine antique et médiévale (PoBLAM) financé par l’Agence nationale de la recherche (ANR) et la Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). Il s’agit de présenter, à partir de questions plus générales que pose l’utilisation dans ce contexte des humanités numériques, la manière dont les aspects techniques ont influencé nos plans de réalisation. Bien que tous les projets portent sur un sujet commun, la poésie biblique latine et médiévale, nous avons été contraints d’adopter des approches très diverses en raison de leurs différences de nature : ce sont en effet un hypertexte, une édition savante et une base de données. La deuxième partie de l’article offre une explication détaillée et argumentée de nos choix techniques dans le contexte précis des attentes de PoBLAM.