bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Everyday Emotional Functioning in COVID-19 Lockdowns
Authors: Moeck Ella , Freeman-Robinson Rachel , O'Brien Sarah Taylor , Woods Jack , Grewal Komal , Bagnara Lachlan , Kostopoulos Joanne , Saling Yehudi , Greenaway Katharine Helen , Koval Peter , Kalokerinos Elise Katherine
Published: June 2022

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, policy makers have tried to balance the effectiveness of lockdowns (i.e., stay-at-home orders) with their potential mental health costs. Yet, several years into the pandemic, policy makers lack solid evidence about the toll of lockdowns on daily emotional functioning. Using data from two intensive longitudinal studies conducted in Australia in 2021, we compared the intensity, persistence, and regulation of emotions on days in and out of lockdown. Participants (N = 441, observations = 14,511) completed a 7-day study either entirely in lockdown, entirely out of lockdown, or both in and out of lockdown. We assessed emotions in general (Dataset 1) and in the context of social interactions (Dataset 2). Lockdowns took an emotional toll, but this toll was relatively mild: In lockdown, people experienced slightly more negative and less positive emotion; returned to a mildly negative emotional state more quickly; and used low-effort emotion regulation strategies (i.e., distraction). There are three interpretations for our findings, which are not mutually exclusive. First, people may be relatively resilient to the emotional challenges posed by repeated lockdowns. Second, lockdowns may not compound the emotional challenges of the pandemic. Third, because we found effects even in a mostly childless and well-educated sample, lockdowns may take a greater emotional toll in samples with less pandemic privilege. Indeed, the high level of pandemic privilege of our sample limits the generalizability of our findings (e.g., to people with caregiving roles).
Accessibility of Working Memory Representations in the Focus of Attention: Heightened or Reduced?
Authors: Hautekiet Caro , Langerock Naomi , Vergauwe Evie
Published: June 2022

When attention is concentrated on a particular piece of information in working memory, this information is assumed to be in the focus of attention. Many researchers agree that information residing in the focus of attention benefits from enhanced neural activity, protection from perceptual interference, and heightened accessibility for ongoing action. However, this heightened accessibility has been questioned by Johnson et al. (2013). More specifically, these authors found reduced accessibility for an item in the focus of attention compared to another item in working memory, which they referred to as an ‘inhibition-of-return-like’ effect. Our study aimed to provide a detailed examination of the accessibility of information in the focus of attention. Across a series of experiments, varying some important task characteristics, we repeatedly failed to find evidence for an inhibition-of-return-like effect. Instead, several task conditions showed heightened accessibility for an item in the focus of attention. Given that an inhibition-of-return-like effect seems to be limited to a very specific task condition, reduced accessibility of information in the focus of attention appears to be far from a general phenomenon. Therefore, based on our findings, we propose that information in the focus of attention generally benefits from heightened accessibility, although there are factors, most likely unrelated to the functioning of the focus of attention, that may sometimes mask this increased accessibility and even result in data patterns that are consistent with reduced accessibility. The theoretical implications for the focus of attention and working memory are discussed.
Eye movement behavior in a real-world virtual reality task reveals ADHD in children
Authors: Merzon Liya , Pettersson Kati , Aronen Eeva , Huhdanpää Hanna , Seesjärvi Erik , Henriksson Linda , MacInnes Joseph , Mannerkoski Minna , Macaluso Emiliano , Salmitaival Juha
Published: June 2022

Background: Recent developments in virtual reality (VR) provide considerable opportunities for identification of behavioral markers indexing deficits in attention and goal-directed behavior. Eye movements and other rich data obtained in VR resembling situations where symptoms are manifested could help in the objective detection of various symptoms in clinical conditions, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: We conducted a VR experiment using Pico Neo 2 Eye head-mounted display with inbuilt Tobii 90Hz eye tracker. Data was collected in 37 children with ADHD and 36 typically developing controls (9–13 y.o) while they were performing tasks related to everyday household chores in a virtual home. We used a saccade velocity threshold algorithm to extract fixations and saccades and mapped those to task-related objects with the Unity game engine. Moreover, saliency, attractiveness, and relevance of the perceived objects were modelled. A support vector machine (SVM) classifier was trained with either eye movement features or task performance data to predict participant’s group status. Findings: Eye movement patterns had prominent differences between ADHD and control groups. However, the group differences were dispersed across the full performance time, rather than associated with specific events or stimulus features. The SVM classifier trained on eye movement data during active task execution showed excellent discrimination ability with 0.91 area under curve, which was significantly higher than for task performance measures or for eye movements obtained in a VR visual search task.Interpretation: We have demonstrated that a naturalistic VR task combined with eye tracking allows accurate prediction of real-world attention deficits and detailed mapping of human-environment interaction during everyday goal-directed behavior. This novel approach paves the way for improved diagnostic precision.
Does method of closure effect cesarean wound healing? Stapler versus absorbable sub-cuticular closure done in a tertiary hospital, Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Reena , Pradhan Binita , Duwal Shrestha Sarada , Pradhan Malla Anagha
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Postoperative wound complications for women undergoing cesarean delivery constitute a major cause of morbidity. Data on wound healing based on the type of cesarean wound closure is limited. In this study, we assess the outcome of stapler versus absorbable sub-cuticular suture for skin closure of the cesarean wound.
Method: Prospective observational study. All cesarean section patients during the period of six months (Dec 2019 to May 2020) at Patan Hospital, Nepal, whose skin closure was done by sub-cuticular suture or stapler technique were recruited in the study. Ethical approval was obtained. These patients were followed up postoperatively on the 10th day for wound outcome (redness, edema, hematoma, seroma, discharge, gaping). Number and proportion were calculated, chi-square test, and Fisher’s exact test at 95% confidence interval were used to see the association and p<0.05 was considered significant.
Result: Out of 379 patients, 26(6.9%) were lost to follow-up. Among 353 patients, an unhealthy wound was seen in 7(1.98%) during follow-up. Of these unhealthy wounds, closure with stapler technique was 5(71.4%) and by sub-cuticular technique, 2(28.6%), statistically significant with a p-value of 0.014.
Conclusion: Cesarean wound closure by sub-cuticular technique had a better wound outcome compared to closure by staplers.
Accuracy of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreaticography in the diagnosis of benign and malignant cause of obstructive jaundice
Authors: Temba Sherpa Ngawang , Manandhar Sagun , Karki Anil , Karki Prabhat
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Obstructive jaundice is one of the most common hepatobiliary diseases. Though USG is very good screening and diagnostic tool for obstructive jaundice its role is limited in gaseous abdomen, recent meal and patient’s body habitus. ERCP has very high accuracy in diagnosis of biliary disease especially choledocholithiasis and CBD stricture. Since ERCP is minimal invasive procedure with certain morbidity and mortality risk MRCP is standard technique for overall assessment of obstructive jaundice. This study aims to compare diagnostic accuracy of MRCP in diagnosing benign and malignant cause of obstructive jaundice taking HPE and ERCP as Gold standard.

Method: This was a retrospective study reviewing MRCP findings of clinically diagnosed obstructive jaundice from 2018 to2021 at Patan Hospital, Kathmandu Nepal. Study was conducted after ethical clearance of the institutional review committee.

Result: Among 66 patient Sensitivity, Specificity, PPV and NPV of MRCP for biliary obstruction due to malignant pathology were 89.50%, 93.60%, 85.00% and 95.70% respectively. Similarly for benign etiology, Sensitivity, Specificity, PPV and NPV accounted for 93.60%, 89.50%, 95.70% and 85.00% respectively. The overall diagnostic accuracy was 92.40%. Choledocholithiasis  was the most common benign cause of obstructive jaundice 31 (46.97%) cases, while periampullary carcinoma was the most common malignant cause eight (12.12%).

Conclusion: MRCP is highly sensitive and specific test in the evaluation of benign and malignant biliary pathology. Being noninvasive and can have good diagnostic value despite use of contrast. So minimally invasive procedure ERCP can be reserved for therapeutic or diagnostic biopsy purpose only.
MR Imaging Evaluation of Perianal fistulae
Authors: Sharma Umesh Kumar , Thapaliya Suraj , Pokhrel Abishek , Shrestha Manmohan Bir , Baskota Bashu Dev , Thapa Dinesh Kumar , Rai Ujwal
Published: June 2022

Background: Perianal fistula is a troublesome condition both for patient and surgeon with significant morbidity and challenging treatment. MRI is considered as the technique of choice for preoperative evaluation of perianal fistulae, as it provides accurate anatomical information for appropriate surgical treatment, decreasing the incidence of recurrence and allowing side effects such as fecal incontinence to be avoided. The study aimed to describe the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis and classification of perianal fistulae.

Methods: This retrospective study looked at 52 patients referred to the radiology department with a clinical diagnosis of perianal fistula. MRI grading of anal fistula done according to St. James’s University Hospital classification.

Results: The MRI showed 46 internal openings in 44 patients; two patients had more than one. The internal opening was mostly at the 6 o’clock position in 59.9% patients, followed by 7 o’clock and 5 o’clock position in 11.3% of patients. According to the St. James’s University Hospital classification, 21 (47.7%) patients had grade 1, 11 (25%) patients had grade 2, 2 (4.5%) had grade 3, 7 (15.9%) had grade 4, and 4 (9%) had grade 5 fistulae. Twenty-five patients had associated abscesses. The most common location of the abscess was in the perianal region (8 patients).

Conclusions: MR imaging examinations is a highly accurate imaging method for preoperative evaluation perianal fistula. It provides precise information of the fistulous track, along with its relationship to pelvic structures and plays crucial role for surgical planning.
Status of Vitamin D Deficiency among the Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Sinha Amar Kumar , Shah Tirtha Narayan , Rai Ujwal
Published: June 2022

Background: It has been observed that one billion people in the world have vitamin D deficiency as a public health problem. This study aims to find out the status of vitamin D in the gender of male, females, and different age groups <15 to >62 years of age.

Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out at B&C Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Centre, Jhapa from 1st January to December 31st, 2021. Vitamin D3 levels were tested with Chemiluminescence Immuno Assay (CLIA) technique. The status of vitamin D was defined as deficient if vitamin D3 level was less than 20ng/ml. We focused to find out the pattern of increased or decreased serum vitamin D level as its deficiency and surplus have an adverse effect on our health. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee of B&C Medical College Teaching hospital and research Centre (Ref-0012022).

Results: A total of 7,402 healthy individuals (<15->62 years of age) females 4914 (66.4%) and males 2288 (33.6%). Vitamin D deficiency was observed high in females than males. It was also observed that in the age group 15-30 years vitamin D deficiency was 52.8% which was highest among the age group and sufficiency only 18.4% were in this group.

Conclusions: This study shows vitamin D deficiency was higher in females than males. If the deficiency can be deducted early, prompt management can be carried out and thus complications can be prevented.
Prevalence of acute coronary syndrome among patients presenting with chest pain in a tertiary care cardiac centre
Authors: Simkhada Rabindra , Budhathoki Arjun , Yadav Santosh Kumar , Neupane Keshab Raj , Koirala Manoj , Shrestha Bishal , Sharma Chitra Raj
Published: June 2022

Background and aims: Chest pain is one of the common reason for hospital visit. Acute coronary syndrome is an important cause of chest pain. We aimed to study the prevalence of acute coronary syndrome among patients presenting with the chest pain and its association with common cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods: Observational study conducted at Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre from 20th January 2022 to 25th March 2022 enrolling 112 participants consecutively. Participants were interviewed  focusing history of hypertension, diabetes, smoking and nature of chest pain. The diagnosis of participants whether it was acute coronary syndrome or not were recorded. Prevalence of acute coronary syndrome was calculated. Linear regression analysis was done to see the correlation with tested variables.    

Results:  Mean age was 53.83±15.23 years. Seventy-five (66.96%) were male.  Forty-two (37.5%) were hypertensive, 30 (26.78%) were diabetes and 26 (23.21%) were smoker. Fifty-six (50%) had nonspecific chest pain, 35 (31.25%) had atypical chest pain and 21 (18.75%) had typical chest pain. Among the participants 38 (33.93%) had acute coronary syndrome. Acute coronary syndrome showed positive correlation with age, gender, nature of chest pain, hypertension and smoking.

Conclusion: Acute coronary syndrome was one of the common cause of chest pain among participants. Age, gender, nature of chest pain, hypertension and smoking showed positive correlation with it. Patients with these risk factor needs strong suspicion of acute coronary syndrome and further workup for prompt diagnosis and management.
Medication Adherence in Post Myocardial Infarction Patients at Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre
Authors: Giri Madhu , Shakya Rajani , Bista Durga , Manandhar Aastha , Giri Dikshya
Published: June 2022

Background and Aims: Medication adherence among Post myocardial infarction (MI) patient is suboptimal all over the world. Although significant advances have been made in the diagnosis and management of Acute Myocardial Infraction, it is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and significant therapeutic challenges to the society. The purpose of the study was to study the medication adherence and to identify the effect of adverse drug reaction (ADR) on medication adherence.

Methods: The study was a single center, prospective study carried out in Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre (SGNHC) in Nepal. The enrolled patients were followed up at 6th weeks after discharge in outpatient department (OPD) visit. Patients were interviewed with Morisky Green Levine (MGL) adherence scale questionnaire to identify medication adherence. The ADR was assessed. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 20.

Results: A total of 134 patients were included in the study. The study showed post MI patient were highly adherent to medication (92.5%). ADR was not significantly associated with medication adherence.

Conclusion: Patients were highly adherent to medication and the effect of ADR on medication adherence was not significant.
Apolipoprotein B and Lipid Profile among Patients Diagnosed with Acute Myocardial Infarction.
Authors: Shrestha Deependra , Yadav Binod Kumar , Gajurel Ratna Mani , Sharma Vijay Kumar , Raut Mithlesh , Bhattarai Aseem , Shrestha Sweta , Ghimire Sapana , Shakya Basu , Tuladhar Eans Tara
Published: June 2022

Background and Aims: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a leading cause of death among men and women globally and often a sequelae to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease [ASCVD]. Atherosclerosis is linked with  abundance of Apolipoprotein B [ApoB] and the lipid constituents they are carrying. There are limited data of ApoB status and its usage alongside conventional lipid profile parameters among AMI patients of Nepal. The study aim estimate the blood level of ApoB and determine its usefulness alongside analysis of total cholesterol[TC], triglycerides[TG], high density lipoprotein cholesterol[HDL-C], low density lipoprotein cholesterol[LDL-C],non-HDL cholesterol, LDL/HDL ratio  in AMI patients .

Methods: This was a hospital based comparative cross-sectional study conducted in patients attending Manmohan Cardiothoracic Vascular and Transplant Centre [MCVTC]  and Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre[SGNHC] over a period of 1 year. Seventy three diagnosed AMI patients were enrolled using convenient sampling technique. Forty patients undergoing regular general health checkup in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital [TUTH ] were recruited as controls.  Laboratory analysis was carried by turbidimetric method for Apolipoprotein B and enzymatic methods for  lipid profile parameters in department of Biochemistry, TUTH. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 18.0.

Results: AMI was seen in the mean age of 56±11 years with male predominance. Mean level and standard deviation of ApoB was 99.2±17.7mg/dl in AMI which was significantly higher than controls. ApoB showed moderate correlation with non-HDL cholesterol [r=0.378,p<0.001] and HDL-C[r= -0.490,p< 0.001].

Conclusion: Our study found a significantly higher level of ApoB in AMI with moderate correlation with non HDL-C and HDL-C, necessitating its usage as a complementary marker to conventional lipid profile.
Left Main Atresia: Supply from the right coronary circulation- a rare coronary artery anomaly
Authors: Prajapati Dipanker , Sharma Deewakar , KC Man Bahadur , Sharma Jyotindra , Sharma Umesh C
Published: June 2022

Coronary artery anomalies are rare incidental findings, about 20% with clinical significance of possible increased risk of related adverse cardiac events including sudden death. Multi detector computed tomography has become the first-line imaging modality to visualize the origin and course of anomalous blood vessels, assisting the further categorization and treatment recommendations. We present a case of 52 years old woman with left main atresia and right coronary artery supplying the entire cardiac muscles through the connection of posterior lateral artery to the distal segment of the left circumflex artery.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF INDUCTION RHEOSTAT TWO COIL DESIGN
Authors: Kolychev S. , Malyuk V. , Sianov O.
Published: June 2022

The vast majority of research is devoted to induction rheostats (IR) of disk design with a single coil. IRs of this design have a number of disadvantages: increased resistance at low current frequencies and a significant aperiodic current component in transient conditions. The elimination of these shortcomings gives IR with two coils. In this design, the coil is divided by a ferromagnetic plate into two equal halves, which are included in the circuit in concert. With this connection of the coils, their magnetic fields are directed oppositely. At a current frequency of 50 Hz, the depth of field penetration into the metal is insignificant and the magnetic flux passes through the plate from both sides. With a decrease in the current frequency, the depth of penetration of the flow increases and the field of one coil displaces the field of the other. To study the electromagnetic parameters of ІR, their mathematical model in the field formulation has been developed. In this case, the following assumptions are made: there are no gaps at the joints of structural elements (the steel parts of the body are a ferromagnetic screen) and coil insulation, the influence of the temperature effect on the specific conductivity, magnetic permeability is neglected, and the hysteresis of steel is not taken into account. The relationship between magnetic induction and magnetic field strength appears to be a normal magnetization curve. Since the IR construction has the property of symmetry about the central axis of rotation, the equations are written in cylindrical coordinates relative to the vector magnetic potential. A mathematical model is presented in the form of a system of differential equations, for the solution of which the finite element method was used. Dependences of the current ІR on time and the distribution of magnetic induction in the cross section of the coils are obtained. A comparative analysis showed that a two-fold decrease in the thickness of the inner ring of the structure made it possible, at a frequency of 5 Hz, to reduce the total resistance of the rheostat by 1,74 times. To conduct experimental studies of IR, a laboratory installation was created, which made it possible to remove the dependences of resistance on the magnitude and frequency of the current in the coils. The experimentally obtained dependences of the impedance ІR on frequency at fixed values ​​of currents are compared with the calculated points. It is shown that the discrepancy between them is 510 %. The obtained accuracy is sufficient for engineering calculations.
ANALYSIS OF PARAMETERS AND MODELING OF WEAR ROLLS OF HIGH-SPEED WIRE BLOCKS
Authors: Samokhval V. , Stasko Ye.
Published: June 2022

Research on the study of features and modeling of wear of rolls remains relevant, due to the need to predict the stability of rolls and determine their costs. The importance of such research increases with the introduction of new roll materials, in particular tungsten carbide alloys.

The processes of hot rolling are characterized by the simultaneous action of several main mechanisms of wear. Various models for predicting wear are known for these mechanisms, but under current conditions there is a need to develop local models that take into account the peculiarities of technology. Such conditions include high-speed wire blocks.

The aim of this work is to analyze the parameters of high-speed rolling according to the level of their impact on the wear of the rolls and to develop a model of wear of the rolls of the unit based on the actual wear of several sets of rolls. For the analysis the results of measurements of wear of four sets of rolls which were executed by an optical method and calculated parameters of rolling on usual technology are used. Correlation analysis was performed, using the indicator of wear intensity, as the ratio of maximum wear to the amount of rolled metal in the caliber. A linear dependence was chosen to build the regression model.

According to the results of the analysis of the wear rate and rolling parameters in the high-speed wire block, it is established that the well-known tribological rolling parameters vary according to the block modules in a rather narrow range, which does not reveal their effect on wear. That is, the effect of these parameters is approximately the same for all modules of the unit, so it is not statistically confirmed.

The correlation analysis revealed the most significant parameters of rolling by the effect on the wear rate, namely the relative velocity of the cell, the elongation coefficient and the cell shape parameter. For these parameters, a regression model was obtained to determine the wear rate. The model confirms the adequacy and provides an acceptable level of accuracy in determining the wear of the rolls of the block.

The obtained regression model can be used to determine the durability grooves rolls of the block and predict the expense of rolls, as well as to adjust the technological parameters to reduce wear and expense of rolls.
TENSE CONDITION OF DEEP INSERT ROPES
Authors: Hupalo Yu. , Belmas I. , Bilous O. , Tantsura G.
Published: June 2022

The problem of determining the stress state of deep anchor rope anchors between structural elements is solved in the scientific work. The purpose of this work was to develop a method for determining the stress state of deep anchor rope anchors in order to increase the level of safety of mining operations and maximize the monolithic nature of the rock formation. According to the goal, the main task was to study the relationship between the elements of rope anchors and the nature of the load distribution.

An analysis of recent work and publications has shown that the use of a single anchor is uneven distribution of load fields, high concentration of stress forces around the perimeter of the structure and the formation of uneven zones of inelastic deformations. However, the stress forces are reduced by using several rope anchors, leaving local perturbations. Attempts to reduce local perturbations on the surface of the tectonic layer of the rock led only to an increase in current.

The model of interaction of an anchor through a layer of a fixer with an array of rock mass is formed. In the anchor, the cable is much smaller in diameter than the size of the array in the plane it is normal. As a result, the compressive stiffness of the array in the direction of the parallel cable can be assumed to be infinite. The cross section of the anchor cable will be considered round. The cable is located in a cylindrical bore. Assume that their axes coincide. There is a fastener between the array and the cable. Its outer surface is stationary and transmits only tangential stresses. The inner surface of the fastener interacts with the outer surface of the cable without the possibility of their mutual displacement.

According to this model, our proposed method of determining the stress state allows you to calculate the stress forces and set the allowable characteristics at the stage of manufacture of rope anchors. It is also possible to determine the stress state of the elements of the deep anchor rope anchors, in particular the tangential stresses on the surface of the adhesive bond of the cable and fastener. According to the results, the prospects of the study are analytical calculations of this design and derivation of optimal parameters of rope anchors.
CHANGES IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF HARDNESS AND MICROHARDNESS ACCORDING TO THE CROSS SECTION OF CONTINUOUS TRACK DETAILS AS A RESULT OF THEIR WEAR
Authors: Peremitko V. , Lee M. , Kriventsov D.
Published: June 2022

The performance of the “base-applied layer” system, that forms the contact surface of parts that are subject to intensive wear, significantly depends on the gradient of mechanical characteristics in depth in the near-surface areas of contact parts. That is why the initial data before the design of the technology determines the hardness of the base material and the requirements for the material of the layer that should be applied during restoration or strengthening. This usually takes into account the initial mechanical characteristics of the new part, without taking into account the changes that occur with the material during operation, which is often accompanied by prolonged thermal exposure. Ignoring this fact during the development of renovation technology can significantly reduce its effectiveness. It is also important to know the value of hardness and microhardness in order to adequately assess the processes that accompany the wear of parts and predict its intensity.

Therefore, when restoring each specific part after its wear, it is necessary to take into account the specific changes that have occurred in the surface layer of the contact surface. The aim of the study was to experimentally determine the hardness and microhardness of the surface layer material in the areas of greatest change in the initial geometry of the links and rollers of the continuous track to take into account the values obtained while developing their renovation technology.

Studies of the distribution of hardness in the cross section of the new links revealed the initial uneven, with a decrease in hardness to the sides, thermal hardening of only the working surface. During operation (as a consequence of friction-deformation hardening) there is a decrease in hardness in depth by HRC 3...5 and alignment in the width of the working area to the level of HRC 25...33 against initial HRC 12...20. Studies of static microhardness in the cross section of new and worn rollers revealed the initial state of the material as inhomogeneous, which in the process of wear can be stabilized due to repeated hardening-softening. According to these changes, the maximum allowable load is estimated and it is determined that the heat treatment mode in the manufacture of new parts does not provide the required properties of the surface layer. This should be taken into account when selecting the material of the surface layers, which should be welded when restoring worn-out links and rollers, as well as when appointing the next heat treatment.
How Does Cognitive Flexibility Associate with Depressive Symptoms? A Multiple Mediation Model Including Emotion Dysregulation and Problem-Solving
Authors: Kaçar Başaran Servet , Gökdağ Ceren , Erdoğan Yıldırım Zeynep
Published: June 2022

According to the cognitive-behavioral model of depression, inflexibility in thought processes increases symptoms by causing more negative emotions and behavioral problems. Previous studies have empirically shown that cognitive flexibility is negatively associated with difficulties in emotion regulation, inadequate problem-solving, and depressive symptoms. However, no research includes these variables together to the best of our knowledge. We aimed to clarify the relationships between these variables and test the mediating effect of emotion dysregulation and problem-solving between cognitive flexibility and depressive symptoms via multiple mediation analysis. 275 undergraduate students participated in this study. We used a self-report battery including the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, Problem Solving Inventory, and Beck Depression Inventory to collect the data. We tested the hypotheses via Pearson correlation analysis and multiple mediation analysis. According to the results, higher levels of cognitive flexibility were significantly associated with lower depression, inadequate problem solving, and emotion dysregulation. Moreover, emotion dysregulation has a mediating role in the relationships between depressive symptoms and cognitive flexibility. Inadequate problem-solving, however, was not a significant mediator. Consisted with previous findings, our results supported the importance of cognitive flexibility and emotion dysregulation for depression. Our study demonstrated the pathways of these variables. Also, results indicated that different therapy approaches that address cognitive flexibility and emotion regulation (e.g., cognitive-behavioral therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, and emotion-focused therapy) might effectively reduce depressive symptoms.
KAMPUS MERDEKA DALAM PENCAPAIAN PEMBELAJARAN DI ERA REVOLUSI INDUSTRI 4.0 DENGAN TANTANGAN COVID 19 DI UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH BANJARMASIN
Authors: Ngalimun Ngalimun , Agustina Anita , Suwandewi Alit
Published: June 2022

Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka yang membuka kesempatan kepada mahasiswa untuk belajar secara langsung dari dunia nyata dengan mempraktikkan experiential learning. Kegiatan AMSP dilaksanakan di satuan  pendidikan  mencakup  perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan penilaian pendidikan, dan pengembangan persekolahan, baik intrakurikuler maupun ekstrakurikuler. AMSP melibatkan sejumlah pihak, di antaranya mahasiswa, program studi, dan satuan pendidikan mitra. Agar pelaksanaan  kegiatan  dapat  berjalan  lancar, terencana, dan terukur, petunjuk teknis yang menguraikan proses dan peran setiap pihak sangat diperlukan. Tentu penyesuaian diperlukan dalam menerapkan Pendidikan era Revolusi 4.0. Akan tetapi tidak dapat dipungkiri adanya wabah Covid-19 menjadi salah satu pendorong penerapan sistem ini. Di sisi lain selain dituntut memahami teknologi dan informasi serta cara mengimplementasikannya, tentu terdapat permasalahan yang timbul yaitu terkait sarana prasarana yang memadai. Misalnya peserta didik dari keluarga yang kurang mampu tidak memiliki laptop/smartphone. Maka kebijakan sudah seharusnya memperhatikan hal tersebut. Pihak sekolah memiliki Surat Keputusan (SK) peserta didik kurang mampu dan melakukan pendampingan belajar bagi mereka yang telah didata dengan memperoleh subsidi silang atau pemecahan masalah lainnya.
STUDI LITERATUR KEPEMIMPINAN KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN MUTU SEKOLAH DI ERA REVOLUSI INDUSTRI 4.0
Authors: Sugiarti Yuli
Published: June 2022

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk membahas dan mengkaji mengenai kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan mutu sekolah di era revolusi industri 4.0. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam artikel ini yaitu studi literatur, yang mana data diperoleh dengan cara mengkaji berbagai sumber literatur. Studi literatur yang dilakukan mencakup tentang kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan mutu sekolah di era revolusi industri 4.0. Hasil dari studi literatur menunjukan bahwa kepemimpinan kepala sekolah pada era revolusi industri 4.0 dituntut untuk bisa mengikuti perkembangan teknologi dalam menjalankan kepemimpinanya karena ini sangat mempengaruhi kualitas atau mutu sekolah dalam menghadapi perkembangan zaman. Dalam meningkatkan   kualitas pendidikan di era revolusi industri 4.0, salah satu unsur yang sangat penting untuk merealisasikannya yaitu terdapat peran penting kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dalam lembaga pendidikan yang mana kepala sekolah mampu menjalankan kepemimpinan yang efektif dan efesien, oleh karena itu artikel ini akan membahas mengenai “ Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah Dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Sekolah di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0 “
Use of the phosphomannose isomerase (PMI) gene for agrobacteriummediated transformation of Prunus domestica L. leaf explants without the use of selective antibiotic resistance genes
Authors: Sidorova T. N. , Mikhaylov R. V. , Pushin A. S. , Miroshnichenko D. N. , Dolgov S. V.
Published: June 2022

We developed an efficient system for agro-bacterial transformation of plum (Prunus domestica L.) leaf explants using the PMI/mannose and GFP selection system. Th e variety `Startovaya` was transformed using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain CBE21 carrying the vector pNOV35SGFP. Leaf explants were placed onto a nutrient medium containing various concentrations and combinations of mannose and sucrose to develop an efficient selection system. Nine independent transgenic lines of plum plants were obtained on a regeneration medium containing 20 g/L sucrose and 15 g/L mannose. The highest transformation frequency (1.40 %) was produced using a delayed selection strategy. Starting from the 1st days after transformation and ending by regeneration of shoots from the transgenic callus, selection of transgenic cells was monitored by GFP fluorescence that allowed avoid ing formation of escapes. Integration of the manA and gfp transgenes was confi rmed by PCR and Southern blotting. On the whole, no direct correlation between the fluorescence level and the copy numbers of the transgenes was found in the present study, though the most intensive fluorescence was observed in line #9 with a single-copy insert. The difference of GFP expression level may have been caused by the integration site or by other factors such as DNA methylation and varying copy number. The described transformation protocol using a positive PMI/mannose system is an alternative selection system for production of transgenic plum plants without genes of antibiotic and herbicide resistance, and the use of leaf explants enables retention of variety traits of plum plants.
Contribution to the Study of the Effects of Quality Management "Involvement of personnel" on Organizational Performance in Moroccan Universities
Authors: EL AZIZI Mrs.Ouarda , ASRAOUI Mr.Otman , LAKHYAR Mr. Zouhair
Published: June 2022

The objective of this paper is to study the reliability and validity of the measurement scales as well as the effect of the variable staff involvement on the organizational performance of Moroccan public universities. The measures were constructed from a survey of 155 managers (Presidents, Deans, and General Secretaries), so the study consists of the verification of all the observations collected (71 questionnaires). The methodology adopted is based on the stages advocated by the Chrchill paradigm (1979). Our contribution focuses on the exploratory phase of the development of the scale allowing the emergence of a factorial structure of the theoretical organizational performance variable. After presenting the conceptualization of this construct, the article describes the procedures used to construct a multi-item scale for measuring organizational performance. The results reveal a factorial structure of the organizational performance perceived by the variable staff involvement with a total explained variance of 61.52%. The analysis of the reliability of the principal component scales shows that the items of each scale are correlated and consistent with each other with a reliability index (Cronbach's Alpha) of 75.7%. The same is true for the goodness of fit, which is very good at 72.6%.
Study of Effectof Technological Change on the Performance of Commercial Banks in Nairobi County of Kenya
Authors: Gababo Boru Golicha
Published: June 2022

The use of technological breakthroughs has made it possible for organizations to operate more effectively and efficiently. In order to provide banking services to its consumers, Kenya's banking sector has implemented several technological developments. Automated Teller Machines, Agency Banking, Electronic Funds Transfers, Real-Time Gross Settlements, and Mobile Banking are examples of these innovations. The general objective of this study was to establish how technological change affects the performance of commercial banks in Nairobi County in Kenya. A descriptive research design was adopted in this study. All management persons or their equivalents in all branches of commercial banks in Nairobi County were the target respondent. All of the commercial banks have a total of 126 managerial personnel. Closed-ended questions were used to acquire primary data. The study instrument was pre-tested to guarantee its validity and reliability. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages. The study discovered that technological changes have an impact on commercial bank performance. The researcher also established that most product changes occur due to technological changes. There is, therefore, a need for technology to ensure the changes is sustained and is not wasted.
Clinical characteristics, endovascular choices, and surgical outcomes of intracranial vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms: a consecutive series of 196 patients
Authors: Liu Peixi , Li Zongze , Hu Liuxun , Liu Yingjun , Li Peiliang , Zhu Wei , Tian Yanlong , Mao Ying
Published: June 2022

OBJECTIVE

The authors aimed to evaluate the clinical features, endovascular strategy selection, and outcomes of vertebral artery (VA) dissecting aneurysms (VADAs) near the origin of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA).

METHODS

Clinical data were obtained from 196 patients with 202 VADAs who had been surgically treated at the authors’ hospital between 2005 and 2021. The patients’ medical records, imaging data, and follow-up outcomes were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTS

All 196 patients (148 male, 48 female; mean age 53 years) underwent endovascular therapy for VADA. The most common chief complaints were headache (56.6%), dizziness (40.8%), and other occasional symptoms (18.4%). Twenty-six patients experienced posterior circulation ischemia, and 25 patients experienced subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). On DSA images, 37 aneurysms were found in the dominant VA, and 165 aneurysms were found on the nondominant side. Eighty-eight VADAs had stenosis. Regarding the VADA location, there were 59 distal, 51 proximal, 23 ventral, 64 PICA, and 5 obliteration types. Single-stent implantation (10.9%), overlapping stent implantation (23.8%), flow diverter (FD) implantation (11.9%), single stent-assisted coil (SAC) embolization (31.7%), overlapping SAC embolization (12.9%), parent artery occlusion (PAO) (8.4%), and FD-assisted coil embolization (0.5%) were chosen. The follow-up rate was 82.7%. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score was 0.5 ± 1.1. Ninety-six patients underwent DSA. The complete occlusion rates were 100%, 81.4%, 56.7%, and 76.5% in the PAO group, SAC reconstruction group, stent implantation group, and FD implantation group, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Young patients showed a higher probability of SAH, and elderly patients showed a higher probability of posterior circulation infarction. The surgical plan selection should be based on the SAH history, VA dominant side, and PICA origin location.
Machine learning for predicting hemorrhage in pediatric patients with brain arteriovenous malformation
Authors: Saggi Satvir , Winkler Ethan A. , Ammanuel Simon G. , Morshed Ramin A. , Garcia Joseph H. , Young Jacob S. , Semonche Alexa , Fullerton Heather J. , Kim Helen , Cooke Daniel L. , Hetts Steven W. , Abla Adib , Lawton Michael T. , Gupta Nalin
Published: June 2022

OBJECTIVE

Ruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) in a child are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Prior studies investigating predictors of hemorrhagic presentation of a bAVM during childhood are limited. Machine learning (ML), which has high predictive accuracy when applied to large data sets, can be a useful adjunct for predicting hemorrhagic presentation. The goal of this study was to use ML in conjunction with a traditional regression approach to identify predictors of hemorrhagic presentation in pediatric patients based on a retrospective cohort study design.

METHODS

Using data obtained from 186 pediatric patients over a 19-year study period, the authors implemented three ML algorithms (random forest models, gradient boosted decision trees, and AdaBoost) to identify features that were most important for predicting hemorrhagic presentation. Additionally, logistic regression analysis was used to ascertain significant predictors of hemorrhagic presentation as a comparison.

RESULTS

All three ML models were consistent in identifying bAVM size and patient age at presentation as the two most important factors for predicting hemorrhagic presentation. Age at presentation was not identified as a significant predictor of hemorrhagic presentation in multivariable logistic regression. Gradient boosted decision trees/AdaBoost and random forest models identified bAVM location and a concurrent arterial aneurysm as the third most important factors, respectively. Finally, logistic regression identified a left-sided bAVM, small bAVM size, and the presence of a concurrent arterial aneurysm as significant risk factors for hemorrhagic presentation.

CONCLUSIONS

By using an ML approach, the authors found predictors of hemorrhagic presentation that were not identified using a conventional regression approach.
Radiographic and MRI evidence of indirect neural decompression after the anterior column realignment procedure for adult spinal deformity
Authors: Tani Yoichi , Saito Takanori , Taniguchi Shinichirou , Ishihara Masayuki , Paku Masaaki , Adachi Takashi , Ando Muneharu
Published: June 2022

OBJECTIVE

The anterior column realignment (ACR) procedure, which consists of sectioning the anterior longitudinal ligament/annulus and placing a hyperlordotic interbody cage, has emerged as a minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for achieving aggressive segmental lordosis enhancement to address adult spinal deformity (ASD). Although accumulated evidence has revealed indirect neural decompression after lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF), whether ACR serves equally well for neural decompression remains to be proven. The current study intended to clarify this ambiguous issue.

METHODS

A series of 36 ASD patients with spinopelvic mismatch, defined as pelvic incidence (PI) minus lumbar lordosis (LL) > 10°, underwent a combination of ACR, LLIF, and percutaneous pedicle screw (PPS) fixation. This “MIS triad” procedure was applied over short segments with mean fusion length of 3.3 levels, and most patients underwent single-level ACR. The authors analyzed full-length standing radiographs, CT and MRI scans, and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores in patients with minimum 1 year of follow-up (mean [range] 20.3 [12–39] months).

RESULTS

Compared with the preoperative values, the radiographic and MRI measurements of the latest postoperative studies changed as follows. Segmental disc angle more than quadrupled at the ACR level and LL nearly doubled. MRI examinations at the ACR level revealed a significant (p < 0.0001) increase in the area of the dural sac that was accompanied by significant (p < 0.0001) decreases in area and thickness of the ligamentum flavum and in thickness of the disc bulge. The corresponding CT scans demonstrated significant (all p < 0.0001) increases in disc height to 280% of the preoperative value at the anterior edge, 224% at the middle edge, and 209% at the posterior edge, as well as in pedicle-to-pedicle distance to 122%. Mean ODI significantly (p < 0.0001) decreased from 46.3 to 26.0.

CONCLUSIONS

The CT-based data showing vertebral column lengthening across the entire ACR segment with an increasingly greater degree anteriorly suggest that the corrective action of ACR relies on a lever mechanism, with the intact facet joints acting as the fulcrum. Whole-segment spine lengthening at the ACR level reduced the disc bulge anteriorly and the ligamentum flavum posteriorly, with eventual enlargement of the dural sac. ACR plays an important role in not only LL restoration but also stenotic spinal canal enlargement for ASD surgery.