bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Possibilities of combined nasal drugs in symptomatic therapy of allergic rhinitis in adolescent children
Authors: Karpova E. P. , Tulupov D. A.
Published: August 2021

This article provides an overview of current views on the problem of allergic rhinitis (AR) in children. Modern data on the epidemiology of AR and the main comorbid conditions are highlighted. It has been noted that adolescence is the peak incidence of AR. Despite the similar clinical manifestations of AR in adolescent children, it should be borne in mind that patients in this age group represent a unique population with needs and perceptions of problems that are different from those of adults and young children. Mental perception of the symptoms of the disease is more often more pronounced in adolescents than in other age groups. This manifests itself in a large negative impact on both sleep and rest patterns, as well as on learning activity and exam results. The work of a doctor with patients of this age group requires the most rationalized approach. Based on the data of the latest consensus documents, the role of I and II generation antihistamines, intranasal antihistamines and intranasal glucocorticosteroids was assessed. The possibilities of symptomatic therapy of symptomatic moderate and severe AR with the help of nasal sprays based on a fixed combination of intranasal glucocorticosteroids and antihistamines have been evaluated in more detail. The available data from clinical studies of the use of a nasal spray based on a fixed combination of mometasone furoate and olopatadine are reviewed. Based on the above material, it was concluded that nasal sprays of a fixed combination of mometasone furoate and olopatadine are effective means of starting therapy for moderate to severe seasonal and perennial AR in children over 12 years of age. Such combination drugs can reduce the severity of AR symptoms with a relatively low risk of developing adverse events.
Description of a clinical case of combination of celiac disease and ichthyosis in a girl
Authors: Kamilova A. T. , Geller S. I. , Ubaykhodjaeva X. T.
Published: August 2021

Abstract Introduction. Celiac disease, or gluten-sensitive enteropathy, can be defined as a persistent intolerance of wheat gliadins and other cereal prolamines in the small intestinal mucosa of genetically susceptible individuals. The clinical picture of the disease can often be misleading because it varies greatly from patient to patient, resulting in delayed diagnosis.To analyze the clinical case of a child with celiac disease and acquired ichthyosis.

Results.The disease, until a final diagnosis was established, had a severe course due to gastrointestinal and dermatological disorders. From the age of 1.5 years, the child had frequent diarrhea, bloating, which is why she was repeatedly hospitalized in the hospital at the place of residence. However, there was no effect from the ongoing therapeutic measures, and other symptoms such as vomiting, peripheral edema, deficiency of height and weight, and severe peeling of the skin joined in. The diagnosis was finally confirmed at the age of 2.5 years after the test for antibodies to tissue transglutaminase IgA (fifty-fold excess relative to the norm). A genetic study revealed alleles of genes responsible for predisposition to celiac disease. The results of a biopsy of the mucous membrane of the duodenum had signs of atrophy, lymphoid infiltration, corresponding to a lesion of the small intestine according to the classification Marsh III. Microscopic examination of the skin – hyperkeratosis with a decrease in the granular layer. On the basis of the obtained data, the diagnosis was made: Celiac disease, active phase, severe course, complicated by proteinenergy insufficiency severe degree, exudative enteropathy syndrome, 2 degree anemia, concomitant diagnosis: acquired ichthyosis. The girl was prescribed a gluten-free diet, and symptomatic drug therapy was carried out. In dynamics, the condition has improved. After 6 months, at the second visit, gastrointestinal and skin symptoms were absent, physical development was age-appropriate.

Conclusions.The classic form of celiac disease usually manifests itself with several major symptoms, such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss, and nutritional deficiencies. In this article we wanted to talk about a rare combination of celiac disease with ichthyosis, therefore, practitioners should be wary of a combination of skin and gastrointestinal symptoms.
Urinary tract infections and vitamin D: prospects for use in prevention and treatment
Authors: Zakharova I. N. , Tsutsaeva A. N. , Dolbnya S. V. , Kuryaninova V. A. , Klimov L Ya. , Minasyan А. Ke. , Bobryshev D. V. , Eryomenko A. I.
Published: August 2021

Urinary tract infections are a common global problem among physicians of various specialties, including therapists, pediatricians, nephrologists and urologists. Today UTI is one of  the  leading bacterial infections in  both adult and child populations. The main type of therapy and prevention of recurrent UTI is the use of drugs with an antibacterial effect (antibiotics, uroseptics). An urgent problem in modern medical practice is the increasing antibiotic resistance, which requires the development of new approaches to therapy and prevention, including UTI. In recent years, special attention has been paid to the study of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms as a possible risk factor determining the predisposition to a number of infectious and noninfectious diseases. More than 200 polymorphisms of the VDR gene have been identified, four of which – FokI, BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI – are particularly common. Different VDR alleles can cause small changes in receptor function, which can affect resistance or susceptibility to a particular infection. The review presents data from modern studies demonstrating the relationship between vitamin D supply and development, the frequency of recurrence and the nature of the course of UTI. In one study, vitamin D has been shown to enhance the cathelicidin-mediated antibacterial action of bladder epithelial cells. It also demonstrated the currently known defense mechanisms of vitamin D against urinary tract infections, including its effect on components of the innate immune system.
Intestinal microbiota and immunity. Possibilities of multistrain probiotics in the correction of immune status in children
Authors: Chebotareva T. A.
Published: August 2021

On the basis of the analysis of foreign and Russian scientific studies the current data on the role of the intestinal microbiota in the formation of immunity and changes in its qualitative composition in the formation of various diseases are presented: For example, a decrease or absence of Helicobacter pylori is associated with bronchial asthma and reflux esophagitis in childhood, a change in Firmicutes/Actinobacteria ratio in psoriasis, and Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio in the gastrointestinal tract in obesity, inflammatory bowel diseases are accompanied by an increase in Enterobacteriaceae, functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract by a growth of Veillonella bacteria. The article shows the mechanisms of influence of the microbiota of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts on reducing the frequency of repeated infections by induction of antiviral defense genes, which in studies of probiotic therapy is confirmed by significant clinical effects. A discussion of the benefits of multistrain probiotics with comprehensive effects on the intestinal microbiota is provided. The importance of including probiotic strains in the complex therapy of acute respiratory infections is confirmed by the studies proving their positive effect on the child’s immunity, reducing the severity of the disease and the frequency of complications and relapses. The results of modern scientific research prove the importance of the optimal ratio of probiotic strains in the combination of lactoand bifidobacteria, as well as their strain specificity. The article presents information on a synbiotic created using an innovative protective technology of each sachet microgranule including a combination of 9 probiotic strains of lactoand bifidobacteria. The presence of fructooligosaccharide in the prebiotic component enhances the effect of the probiotic component.
Impairment of carbohydrate metabolism in children and adolescents with obesity
Authors: Vitebskaya A. V. , Popovich A. V.
Published: August 2021

Obesity is one of the socially significant diseases of our time and is a generally recognized risk factor for the development of carbohydrate metabolism disorders, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), the prevalence of which in the pediatric population is rapidly increasing.

Aim of the study. To demonstrate the most frequent types of carbohydrate metabolism disorders in children and adolescents with obesity.

Materials and methods. 123 obese patients under 18 years old were examined and the structure of obesity complications was analyzed.

Results. Carbohydrate metabolism disorders were identified in 24 patients (19%): impaired fasting glycemia (IFG) (8 girls, 6 boys (11%)), type 2 DM (6 girls, 3 boys (7%)), and type 1 DM (1 boy (1%)). Descriptions of 4 clinical cases are given: 1) patient, 17 years old, with constitutional-exogenous obesity of 3rd degree, arterial hypertension (AH), dyslipidemia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and a history of transient IFG; 2) patient, 16 years old, with morbid obesity, NAFLD, AH, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), type 2 DM, compensated on metformin therapy; 3) patient, 17 years old, with constitutional-exogenous obesity of the 3rd degree, AH, dyslipidemia, NAFLD, type 2 DM (on insulin pump therapy), complicated by diabetic nephropathy and diabetic polyneuropathy; 4) patient, 12 years old, with type 1 DM, manifested against the background of obesity.

Conclusion. When screening for obesity complications in children and adolescents, carbohydrate metabolism disorders may be detected in one in five patients. Prediabetes in childhood can be transient. When a child with obesity is identified, differential diagnosis of type 1 and type 2 DM should be made. It is necessary to teach patients with type 2 DM the skills of self-monitoring on a par with patients with type 1 DM and motivate them to control glycemia regularly at home.
Surgical treatment of children with complications of foreign bodies of the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Sokolov Yu. Yu. , Korovin S. A. , Donskoy D. V. , Tumanyan G. T. , Dzyadchik A. V.
Published: August 2021

Introduction. At the present time the expansion of the spectrum of urgent diseases of the abdominal cavity organs is registered due to the patients with complications of foreign bodies of the gastrointestinal tract. Development of rational treatment-diag nostic algorithm will promote to improve the results of surgical treatment of children with complications of foreign bodies of gastrointestinal tract.

Aim. To determine the efficacy of laparoscopic techniques in children with complications of foreign bodies of the gastrointestinal tract..

Materials and methods. 38 children with foreign bodies of the gastrointestinal tract of different characteristics, which required surgical treatment, were included in the study.

Results and discussion. On the basis of analysis of clinical and medical history data, results of instrumental methods of preoperative diagnostics and laparoscopy three clinical stages of the disease were distinguished. Statistically reliable differences of the presented indicators in different terms of the disease were proved. Surgical intervention involved laparoscopy, during which the volume of surgical intervention was specified. Laparoscopic techniques were effective in the groups of patients with I, II and III stages of the disease in 100, 46 and 20% of observations, respectively.

Conclusions. Clinical manifestations in complications of foreign bodies of the gastrointestinal tract are determined by the characteristics of the latter and the clinical stage of the disease. Laparoscopic techniques can be effective at initial stages of the disease. At a complicated course of the disease the required volume of surgical intervention can be performed during laparotomy. The variety of clinical manifestations of foreign bodies of the gastrointestinal tract complications is determined by the characteristics of the damaging agents and the clinical stage of the disease. Laparoscopic techniques of surgical treatment may be a priority in the absence of a complicated course of the disease; in late stages of the disease laparotomy is the operation of choice.

Conclusion. Analysis of treatment results of children with complications of FBs of GIT revealed statistically significant differences in some clinical and anamnestic data, results of instrumental methods of preoperative diagnosis and intraoperative manifestations, which allowed us to define three clinical stages of the disease.
Сare pathways of children with acute rhinological symptoms
Authors: Karpova E. P. , Tulupov D. A.
Published: August 2021

Acute respiratory diseases are one of the most common reasons for visiting a doctor in pediatric practice. Most episodes of this pathology have a viral etiology, signs of inflammation from the upper respiratory tract and proceed with symptoms of acute rhinitis (acute nasopharyngitis). The most of episodes of acute rhinitis last no more than 10 days and end with the patient’s recovery. The most common complications of acute rhinitis in children are acute rhinosinusitis and acute otitis media. These diseases are often mild and rarely have complications. However, a large number of patients with acute respiratory diseases increases the likelihood of a situation in which the doctor will encounter a problem patient. The article proposes care pathways for practitioners to manage patients with acute rhinological symptoms lasting up to 10 days and from 10 days to 3 months. The care pathways are based on several key points. No1: each patient must be analyzed for the presence of alarming symptoms, upon detection of which the patient should be urgently hospitalized. No2: all patients should be dynamically observed by a doctor until complete recovery, the patient should not receive treatment without the supervision of a doctor. No3: the basis of treatment is drugs for symptomatic therapy, which are selected depending on the dominant symptom that has the greatest impact on the patient’s well-being. To eliminate nasal mucosal edema, it is rational to use nasal decongestants (original oxymetazoline) for children of all ages; the course and dosages are determined according to the age of the child. Antibacterial drugs should be prescribed strictly according to indications in the presence of convincing data for the bacterial etiology of the disease.
The effectiveness of the combination of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and prebiotics in the treatment of atopic dermatitis in children
Authors: Malanicheva T. G. , Ziatdinova N. V. , Serdinskaya I. N.
Published: August 2021

Introduction.Traditional antiallergic therapy for atopic dermatitis, including allergen elimination, therapeutic cosmetic skin care, external anti-inflammatory therapy and antihistamines, does not always lead to the desired result. On this basis, the search for new methods of treatment is urgent and promising

Aim.To study the clinical efficacy of a combination of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and prebiotics in children in the first years of life with atopic dermatitis (AD).

Materials and methods. The observed children were divided into 2 parts: 30 children aged from 1 month to 3 years old, patients with AD constituted the main group, it differed in that these patients were synbiotic (combination of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and prebiotics) – 1 sachet per day for 14 days. This drug was prescribed as part of complex therapy. The remaining 25 children with AD made up a comparison group, which was characterized by the fact that children received only antiallergic therapy without symbiotic. Clinical methods of blood pressure examination, laboratory instrumental and specific allergological methods were carried out.

Results and discussion. Against the background of the therapy in children with blood pressure in the main group, общий overall treatment effect was higher and amounted to 86.6 + 4.0%, and in the comparison group – 76.0 + 3.9%, p < 0.05. This was manifested in a decrease in the duration of the exacerbation period by 1.4 times, the prevalence of a high individual therapeutic effect by 1.5 times, a decrease in the SCORAD index by 4 times against the background of an increase in the number of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the intestine. The revealed clinical efficacy was noted against the background of an increase in the number of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the intestine.

Conclusions.The obtained results allow us to recommend a combination of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and prebiotics in children in the first years of life as part of complex therapy to increase the effectiveness of treatment.
What we should know about the carbohydrate component of infant formula
Authors: Zakharova I. N. , Davydovskaya A. A.
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the discussion of the carbohydrate component of infant formula for feeding healthy and sick children. The role of glycemic and non-glycemic carbohydrates is shown. In addition to lactose, the following glycemic carbohydrates can be used in infant formulas: maltose, sucrose, glucose, glucose syrup, maltodextrins, pretreated starch and gelatinized starch. Resistant oligosaccharides, nonstarch polysaccharides, and resistant modified starches are also used in child nutrition. The composition and amount of lactose, the main carbohydrate of women’s milk, is discussed. The article presents data on the role of galactose, which is conditionally essential for children in the first months of life due to the rapid growth rate of the infant. Information is presented on the lactose breakdown, the importance of enzymes in the digestion and assimilation processes, the prebiotic effects of lactose, and its effect on the absorption of calcium and other minerals. Advantages of lactose include its low glycemic index, as well as its reduced sweetness, which affects the proper development of taste and low risk of dental caries compared to other fermentable sugars. Specific requirements for the carbohydrate composition of low-lactose and lactose-free formulas are discussed because of the often unwarranted increase in the frequency of their use. Evidence is presented using the Cochrane Systematic Review (2018) that reducing or eliminating lactose from infant formulas in infants with infantile colic is not always appropriate. Special low-lactose and lactose-free formulas replace lactose with glucose polymers such as maltodextrin, glucose syrup, and solid glucose syrup, which are produced by hydrolyzing starches (corn, rice, or potato). The article discusses the data on the effect of maltodextrin on the state of the intestinal mucosa, the microbiota of the large intestine and the possible role of this ingredient in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. The results of various studies regarding the effect of maltodextrin on the intestinal microbiota are contradictory. However, special low-lactose or lactose-free products are prescribed in the presence of symptoms of lactase deficiency in an artificially fed baby. It is a major mistake to prescribe lactose-free mixtures on the basis of intact protein or partially hydrolysed ones for secondary lactase deficiency caused by an allergy to cow’s milk proteins. The carbohydrate component of Friso therapeutic hydrolysates contains no maltodextrin, and lactose is partially or completely replaced with glucose syrup.
Is it possible to enhance immune response after vaccination? The role of a probiotic with a proven positive effect on all components of the immune system
Authors: Kanner E. V. , Maksimov M. L. , Kanner I. D. , Lapkin N. M. , Gorelov A. V.
Published: August 2021

Preventive vaccination is currently the most affordable and economical way to reduce morbidity and mortality from many infections, improve quality and human life expectancy with an almost ideal balance of benefits and risks among all medical procedures. The article deals with the reasons for variability of the immune response caused by vaccines, between individuals and between populations, which is of fundamental importance for human health. The authors have presented data indicating a key role of the gut microbiota in the control of the immune response to vaccination. Particular attention is paid to the microbial diversity in different loci of the body. The role of microorganisms in the proper functioning of the body and the formation of a number of pathological conditions is described. Most modern vaccines are live-attenuated, killed / inactivated or subunit (recombinant) vaccines, and they are designed for the parenteral route of administration. Most of these vaccines elicit a weak immune response, especially in the mucous membranes, due to the route of administration and are associated with weak cell-mediated immunity. Therefore, mechanisms that can enhance virus-specific vaccine immunity in infants and children are required, such as the use of more potent or selective immunity-enhancing adjuvants. Some probiotic strains may be considered as promising vaccine adjuvants. This article evaluates the recent clinical studies of probiotics used to enhance vaccine-specific immunity in adults and infants. The present-day knowledge on the role of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG with the aim of activating immunity after vaccination are presented.
Importance of immunodiagnostics in dynamic observation of tuberculosis treatment in children
Authors: Romanova M. A. , Mordyk A. V. , Kurieva K. B. , Churyak K. I.
Published: August 2021

The use of recombinant tuberculosis allergen (ATR) expands the possibilities of detecting tuberculosis. Nevertheless, the issue of the predictive value of the ATR test for assessing the result of tuberculosis therapy remains insufficiently studied.

Purpose.Тo clarify the information content of changes in the results of a test with a recombinant tuberculosis allergen against the background of chemotherapy for tuberculosis in children.

Materials and methods. We used the data of patients with active tuberculosis aged 0 to 14 years who were hospitalized. The main group in the study (1st) included 280 children with a pronounced reaction to ATR, the comparison group (2nd) consisted of 42 children with a moderate, mild and doubtful reaction to ATP at the time of tuberculosis detection.

Results.After 6 months from the beginning of the intensive phase of tuberculosis treatment, a hyperergic reaction to the administration of ATR was diagnosed in 74 (38.7%) children of the 1stgroup and 4 (16.7%) children of the 2nd group (p = 0.025). A twofold decrease in the sample size was observed in children of the 1st group (121 children – 63.4%) than the 2nd(7 children – 29.2%) (χ2 = 8.97, p = 0.003; OR = 4.198; 95% CI 1.66–10.62). The increase in the sample is 2.9 times higher in children of the 2nd group (44 children – 23%) than in children of the 1st (χ2 = 20.17, p = 0.000).

Conclusions.The extinction of sensitivity to the ATR test after specific therapy is 2 times higher in children who initially had a pronounced reaction. In the same group, a hyperergic reaction to the sample often persists or occurs after the intensive phase of anti-tuberculosis therapy.
Protecting, promoting, and supporting breastfeeding practices and the introduction of complementary foods
Authors: Zakharova I. N. , Abolyan L. V. , Sugyan N. G. , Kuchina A. E.
Published: August 2021

Breastfeeding is the gold standard of optimal nutrition and largely determines the health of the child not only at an early age, but also in subsequent periods of his life. Due to the optimal composition of breast milk, the child forms such features of lipid, carbohydrate, mineral and energy metabolism, which provide not only the best conditions for physical and intellectual development of the child, but also its social adaptation. Prolonged breastfeeding reduces the subsequent risk of developing socially significant diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Since the 1970s, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) have been active in reviving the culture of breastfeeding. In 1989, they developed a joint declaration Protection, Promotion and Support of Breastfeeding Practices: the Special Role of Obstetric Services, which is based on Ten Principles of Successful Breastfeeding (training of medical personnel, antenatal preparation of pregnant women for breastfeeding, early breastfeeding in the delivery room, keeping mother and baby together and feeding a healthy baby on demand, helping mothers in difficult situations, exclusive breastfeeding, informing mothers about the dangers of pacifiers in initiating breastfeeding, follow-up assistance to mothers after discharge from the maternity hospital). The duration of exclusive breastfeeding (feeding only breast milk) is important for the health of the infant. According to the 2003 WHO recommendations, which are reflected in the Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding, exclusive breastfeeding should last 6 months. The national program for optimizing the feeding of children of the first year of life in the Russian Federation (2009, 2019) defines recommended periods of exclusive breastfeeding in the range of 4-6 months, and they depend on the health status of the infant. Modern industrially produced complementary foods are created taking into account the principles of healthy eating and contribute to the formation of proper nutritional behavior in children from an early age, which undoubtedly has a favorable effect on the child’s health in the future.
Age-related evolution of bronchial asthma in pediatric practice and approaches to improving prognosis
Authors: Kamaev A. V. , Trusova О. V. , Kamaeva I. A.
Published: August 2021

The main high-risk group for a diagnosis of bronchial asthma (BA) are children with recurrent obstructive bronchitis, complicated by a widespread form of acute respiratory viral infections. Basic therapy of BA is aimed at suppressing inflammation of the bronchial wall. In addition to inhaled glucocorticosteroids, the antileukotriene drug montelukast has a proven anti-inflammatory effect. This article discusses published work on the effect of montelukast on inflammation biomarkers in real clinical practice and remodeling of the bronchial wall in the experiment. A comparative study of the clinical efficacy of an antileukotriene drug and inhaled glucocorticosteroids in patients of different age groups and asthma phenotypes is presented. The use of montelukast in children at high risk of developing BA, with an indication for allergic rhinitis, is discussed. Presented current information on the risk of psychiatric AE against the background of using an antileukotriene drug. Literature review is illustrated by our own observation: a cohort of 127 patients was formed on the basis of the dispensary group of the City Allergy Cabinet of the Children’s City Polyclinic No. 44 in St. Petersburg in 2018, a prospective observation was conducted, which lasted 2 years. The inclusion criteria were age of 5 years to 5 years 11 months (5 ± 0.5 years) and an established diagnosis of mild BA. The patients were followed up for 2 years with evaluation of the change of basic therapy, control of the disease and functional indices achieved with therapy with the original drug montelukast. This observation showed high clinical efficacy of montelukast monotherapy in the group of preschool-age patients, which was expressed by a significant proportion of patients who had no exacerbations of BA for a year, a high score on the Asthma Control Test, statistically insignificant increase in forсed expiratory volume in 1 second after bronchodilator. Today Montelukast is a safe, effective and widely prescribed component of therapeutic regimen in patients with varying degrees of severity of bronchial asthma over the age of 2 years.
Cocriação de Valor e Satisfação do Cliente na Educação Profissional: O Caso do Senac-RS
Authors: De Paula Leonardo , Schmidt Serje , Bohnenberger Maria Cristina
Published: August 2021

No contexto da cocriação de valor, o desenvolvimento de um ambiente educacional não se restringe à sala de aula, mas envolve todos os setores de uma escola, com transparência e atenção no atendimento ao cliente. O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar como a cocriação de valor em serviços de educação profissional influencia na satisfação dos clientes. Identificou-se na literatura, as dimensões de cocriação de valor (busca de informações, compartilhamento de informações, feedback, planejamento das aulas e engajamento e satisfação e recomendação da escola) aplicáveis ao processo de elaboração e desenvolvimento de cursos de educação profissional, possibilitando a construção de instrumentos para análise. A metodologia utilizada foi um estudo de caso, abordando dois cursos de qualificação profissional. Os resultados contribuem para um melhor entendimento da cocriação de valor no contexto da educação profissional, auxiliando na compreensão de como acontece a cocriação de valor nas experiências de sala de aula e no ambiente educacional em que o cliente está inserido.
Ecodesign e Logística Reversa na Indústria Calçadista
Authors: Vier Margarete Blume , Schreiber Dusan , Jahno Vanusca Dalosto , Froehlich Cristiane
Published: August 2021

O setor calçadista causa impacto ambiental, principalmente pela quantidade de resíduos poluentes gerados, e pelo pouco reaproveitamento do material. Parte dos resíduos gerados no processo produtivo, tem como destinação final os aterros industriais e o coprocessamento. Portanto, não basta reduzir a geração, é necessário alternativas para a não geração de resíduos, sendo que a Economia Circular é um meio para se alcançar este objetivo. Dentre os pilares da economia circular, o ecodesign e a Logística Reversa são os mais importantes para que se tenha a circularidade dos produtos, e o reaproveitamento do material. Neste contexto, o estudo tem por objetivo analisar a logística reversa no setor calçadista e a aplicação do conceito de ecodesign no desenvolvimento do calçado. Quanto a metodologia, o estudo é de natureza aplicada, a abordagem do problema é qualitativa. Em relação aos procedimentos técnicos, o trabalho consiste na realização de pesquisa bibliográfica e estudo de caso múltiplo. Os resultados evidenciam que o setor calçadista não adota a logística reversa, e também não aplica o conceito de ecodesign no desenvolvimento do calçado. A percepção do setor é que o calçado não apresenta impactos ambientais, além disso, em função da dificuldade de reaproveitamento do produto, não há o interesse por parte das empresas em viabilizarem o retorno do calçado ao fabricante.
O Aglomerado Produtivo da Indústria Salineira do Rio Grande do Norte
Authors: Silva Sergio Luiz Pedrosa , Nascimento Italo Carlos Soares do , Melo Géison Calyo Varela de
Published: August 2021

O tema desta pesquisa é o aglomerado produtivo da indústria salineira do RN, o estudo teve por objetivo analisar se a indústria salineira possui os processos necessários para se promover o desenvolvimento do seu aglomerado produtivo, para referendar a pesquisa evidenciou-se as principais práticas dos aglomerados produtivos que obtiveram êxito ao longo da história A metodologia de pesquisa é descritiva; a abordagem do problema de natureza quantitativa; o objeto de estudo foi Indústria Salineira do Rio Grande do Norte; utilizou-se de um questionário aplicado com 115 gestores, em 2019; a ferramenta estatística utilizada foi a análise fatorial. Os principais resultados, no fator inovação tecnológica, apresentou-se com baixa tecnologia, com inexistência de polos tecnológicos e baixo nível de cooperação; no polo empresa-comunidade, evidenciou a não inclusão da comunidade local nas estratégias empresarias e a não observância da cultura local; no fator atuação institucional, constatou-se a carência da inserção do ator público; e no polo competitividade, destacou-se a necessidade de desconcentração e descentralização no setor salineiro, nesse fator observou-se um maior equilíbrio em relação as práticas dos aglomerados estudados. Conclusões, a indústria salineira carece-se de organização na sua indústria, destacadamente com a participação do ator institucional para promover as políticas para desenvolvimento do setor. Esse estudo contribui com o setor empresarial, apresentando um panorama da indústria salineira do RN relacionado com a prática dos aglomerados de sucesso e contribui para academia como modelo de como se analisar um setor. Destaca-se em estudos futuros, que sejam inseridos outros atores na pesquisa.
XX Aniversario de la Escuela de Comunicación.
Authors: Navarro Mariano
Published: August 2021

Tengo el gusto de presentar el segundo número de nuestra Revista Panamericana de Comunicación. Es un hecho que me llena de alegría por muy diversos motivos. Esperamos que la Escuela de Comunicación, de fiesta por su vigésimo aniversario, siga sirviendo a la sociedad formando profesionales que tengan claridad sobre la responsabilidad de sus decisiones y su actuar en el marco de la ética. Este número monográfico abona, indudablemente, a la consecución de nuestra misión institucional.
Fotografía, ética y medios de comunicación:
Authors: Colorado Nates Óscar
Published: August 2021

Resulta paradójico que en la era de lo visual, cuando más imágenes estamos realizando todos los días, la reflexión sobre el fenómeno fotográfico resulte mucho menos vertiginosa. Es cierto que hoy se escribe más acerca de la fotografía y lo fotográfico que hace algunos años. Sin embargo, asombra que textos clásicos como Sobre la fotografía de Susan Sontag o La Cámara Lúcida de Barthes se publicaran apenas a finales del siglo XX. En este contexto, el Consejo Editorial de nuestra Revista Panamericana de Comunicación vio la pertinencia de dedicar este ejemplar al tema monográfico de la fotografía en el marco de la ética y los medios de comunicación.
La fotografía artística en los nuevos medios:
Authors: Mena Macedo Margarita
Published: August 2021

La fotografía, como medio y técnica de producción de imágenes, transformó la comprensión y aprensión del mundo; actualmente, gracias a la masificación de la fotografía y las redes sociales, estamos viviendo en una época en la que se registra absolutamente todo y desde muy variadas perspectivas. A través de un recuento de las posibilidades de la fotografía en sus cualidades tanto documentales como artísticas a lo largo de los años, y del análisis de tres proyectos artísticos, se pone sobre la mesa la posibilidad de una captura documental de la realidad a través de la imagen fotográfica construida.
Sistema de información histórico fotográfico para el estudio de los oficios:
Authors: Vivas Moreno Agustín , Rubiano Montaño Penélope , Sanz Caballero Isabel María
Published: August 2021

La presente investigación tiene como objeto presentar un sistema metodológico para la creación de los Sistemas de Información Histórico Fotográficos (SIHF). Para ello, se presentan los recursos empleados, documentales y tecnológicos, para la creación de un SIHF aplicado al estudio de los oficios municipales en la historia local. La creación de un corpus documental, el tratamiento documental, la confección de un gestor documental automatizado y la extracción de los datos, elementos básicos del análisis, son los elementos que sustancian nuestro SIHF. Se concluye afirmando que los SIHF son el resultado de vincular los recursos metodológicos documentales a los tecnológicos, siendo ambos imprescindibles para el cumplimiento de los objetivos propuestos.
Presentación del Observatorio de Cultura Fotográfica
Authors: Redacción de la Revista Panamericana de Comunicación
Published: August 2021

Frente a una realidad actual construida en gran parte por información visual a través de redes sociales, nació la idea de crear un Observatorio de Cultura Fotográfica (OCF) para tener un espacio de observación y análisis de fenómeno fotográfico a nivel individual y de comunidad. El OCF, arrancó labores, el día 24 de septiembre del 2019, a iniciativa del Dr. Óscar Colorado Nates y con el apoyo de la Escuela de Comunicación de la Universidad Panamericana y sustentado por un conjunto de académicos, intelectuales y profesionales de la fotografía en México y en el mundo. El Observatorio busca responder a un cuestionamiento central: ¿Cómo nos estamos articulando como colectivo humano a través de la fotografía? La respuesta es fundamental apra responder a esa necesidad de entender cómo influye la fotografía a la cultura y a los sistemas de pensamiento contemporáneos.
Methodical development "Outdoor games, relay races - TRP path to health and success"
Authors: Levcov Anton Nikolaevich
Published: August 2021

Methodological development on health care of students for a physical culture lesson. In this lesson, students perform tasks from famous athletes of Russia.
Study on the Effects of Kuanxiong Aerosol on the Isolated Artery and
Rabbits Acute Myocardial Ischemia Model
Authors: Zhu Wanping , Liu Xia , Huang Feihua , Lu Xiao , Wang Yuji , Cai Tingting , Peng Aiping
Published: August 2021

Background:

Kuan Xiong aerosol (KXA) is a Chinese herbal compound used to regulate
qi-flowing to relieve pain and improve angina. However, only a few pharmacological studies
on this traditional Chinese medicine preparation have been reported to confirm these activities.

Objective:

This article aims to observe the effect of resisting acute myocardial ischemia (AMI) in
vivo and dilating vessel in vitro of KXA.

Materials:

The AMI model involves intravenously injecting pituitary (2 U.kg-1) into the ear of rabbits. Electrocardiograph (ECG) T waves were then recorded after administration and the falling range was calculated. Following this, the level of serum Cardiac troponin T (cTn-T) and the histopathology of the cardiac muscle tissue was evaluated. In vitro, the effect of KXA on vasodilation of isolated aortic rings that had been pre-contracted with KCl (30 mM) was observed.

Results:

The AMI model involves intravenously injecting the pituitary (2 U.kg-1) into the ear of
rabbits. Electrocardiograph (ECG) T waves were then recorded after administration, and the falling
range was calculated. Following this, the level of serum Cardiac troponin T (cTn-T) and the histopathology
of the cardiac muscle tissue were evaluated. In vitro, the effect of KXA on vasodilation
of isolated aortic rings that had been pre-contracted with KCl (30 mM) was observed.

Conclusions:

These results suggest that KXA protects against AMI, contributes to the dilation of
blood vessels, and has long-acting effectiveness.
Correlation between Intrapartum Cardiotocogram Findings and Cord
Blood pH in Term and Preterm Labors
Authors: Rao Shubha , Jain Himanshi , Suneel Anjali , Shivananda Roopa Padavagodu , Vasudeva Akhila
Published: August 2021

Background:

The purpose of intrapartum fetal monitoring by cardiotocograph (CTG) is
to identify early signs of developing hypoxia so that appropriate action can be taken to improve the
perinatal outcome. Although CTG findings are well known to monitor the progress of the labor due
to the paucity of recommendations, there has always been a clinical dilemma as the term fetuses respond
differently than a preterm fetus. However, umbilical cord blood pH can distinguish the infant
at high risk for asphyxia and related sequel. Therefore, because of differences in fetal physiology
in term and preterm fetuses, CTG findings vary, and hence the validity of CTG to determine fetal
acidosis should be different.

Aims and Objectives:

This study aimed to correlate abnormal intrapartum CTG findings with umbilical
cord blood pH in term and preterm labor and thus evaluate the success of CTG in predicting
fetal acidosis during labor.

Methods:

The present study included 210 women in labor (70 preterm and 140 term) with abnormal
intrapartum CTG that was classified as per 2015 revised International Federation of Gynecologists
and Obstetrician (FIGO) guidelines. Immediately after delivery, 2 ml Umbilical artery cord
blood sample was taken in a pre-heparinized syringe for analysis, pH <=7.2 was taken as acidosis
and pH >7.2 was taken as normal. The measured data were general maternal characteristics which
included gravida status, associated comorbidities, method of induction and character of liquor, the
intrapartum CTG tracings recorded, the cord arterial blood pH and the neonatal characteristics such
as APGAR score and neonatal outcome.

Results:

Data from 70 preterm labor was compared with 140 term labor. In this study, 20.9% of the
babies had acidosis. Suspicious CTG due to decreased variability were more common in the
preterm group than in the term group (21.4% vs. 8.6% p<0.05). Positive predictive value (PPV) of
abnormal CTG for fetal acidosis in the preterm group was found to be higher than that in the term
group, PPV of pathological CTG being even higher than suspicious CTG. Women with suspicious
CTG had 82% less risk of fetal acidosis as compared to pathological CTG. Women with Bradycardia
had 5.9 times the risk of fetal acidosis as compared with normal and tachycardia.

Conclusion:

Abnormal CTG should be managed appropriately without any delay to prevent acidosis
and cord blood pH should be done in all labors with abnormal CTG. However, our findings of a
higher incidence of lower cord blood pH and suspicious CTG due to decreased variability alone
highlight the limitation of criteria currently used for interpretation of CTG in preterm labors.
SDF-1 Molecularly Imprinted Biomimetic Scaffold as a Potential Strategy to Repair the Infarcted Myocardium
Authors: Rosellini Elisabetta , Madeddu Denise , Barbani Niccoletta , Frati Caterina , Lagrasta Costanza , Quaini Federico , Cascone Maria Grazia
Published: August 2021

Background:

In situ cardiac tissue engineering aims to heal the infarcted myocardium by guiding tissue regeneration within the patient body. A key step in this approach is the design of a bioactive scaffold, able to stimulate tissue repair at the site of damage.

In the development of bioactive scaffolds, molecular imprinting nanotechnology has been recently proposed as a new functionalization strategy.

Objectives:

In this work, Molecularly Imprinted Particles (MIP) with recognition properties towards the stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) were synthesized, characterized and used for the functionalization of a biomimetic scaffold. MIP are expected to favor the enrichment of the SDF-1 bioactive molecule within the scaffold, thereby promoting myocardial regeneration.

Methods:

MIP were obtained by precipitation polymerization, using the SDF-1 molecule as a template. Alginate/gelatin/elastin sponges were fabricated by freeze-drying and functionalized by MIP deposition. Morphological, physicochemical and functional analyses were performed both on MIP and on MIP-modified scaffolds. A preliminary biological in vitro investigation was also carried out using rat cardiac progenitor cells (rCPCs).

Results:

Imprinted nanoparticles with an average diameter between 0.6 and 0.9 µm were obtained. Infrared analysis of MIP confirmed the expected chemical structure. Recognition and selectivity tests showed that MIP were able to selectively recognize and rebind the template, even after their deposition on the scaffold. In vitro biological tests showed that cell adhesion to the scaffold was promoted by MIP functionalization.

Conclusion:

Results obtained in the present study suggest that biomimetic alginate/gelatin/elastin sponges, functionalized by MIP with recognition properties towards SDF-1, could be successfully used for tissue engineering approaches to repair the infarcted heart.
Epidemiology of Orbital Fractures in a Large Hospital in the Netherlands: Results of Implementation of a Multidisciplinary Orbital Trauma Team
Authors: Kooger Tamar J. A. , Joosse Maurits V. , van Minderhout Ellen M. , Hergaarden Kenneth , Khouw Yu-Lan
Published: August 2021

Introduction:

This study aims to describe the epidemiology, aetiology and therapy of orbital fractures in a large municipal hospital in The Hague, the Netherlands, and to demonstrate the effectiveness of an integrated approach of orbital trauma care with a team consisting of an ophthalmologist, an orthoptist and an oral and maxillofacial (OMF) surgeon.

Methods:

We obtained data from patients with an orbital fracture between June 2015 until July 2018. Primary outcomes were the classification of orbital fractures and treatment (conservative or surgical).

Results:

182 patients were included in this study. The most common type of orbital fracture was an isolated orbital floor fracture (n=56, 30.8%). In most cases, therapy was conservative (69.2%). When surgical repair was indicated, a polydioxanone (PDS) plate was most commonly used (11.5%). The main cause of an orbital fracture was a fall accident (38.5%), followed by assault (32.4%). 32.4% of the patients were intoxicated with alcohol.

Conclusion:

In our study population, almost 70% (69.2%) of the patients were treated conservatively in our study. Compared to the international literature, this percentage is considerably higher than in other studies. In our opinion, our integrated approach to orbital trauma has led to a justifiable reduction of the proportion of cases receiving surgical intervention in orbital fractures. We would like to advocate the implementation of a similar team in other hospitals to improve the quality and cost-effectiveness of treatment in patients with orbital fractures.
The Therapeutic Effect and Mechanism of Qishen Yiqi Dripping Pills on
Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases and Diabetic Complications
Authors: Zhao Chunlai , Wang Wenjia , Yan Kaijing , Sun He , Han Jihong , Hu Yunhui
Published: August 2021

The alterations in vascular homeostasis are deeply involved in the development of numerous
diseases, such as coronary heart disease, stroke, and diabetic complications. Changes in
blood flow and endothelial permeability caused by vascular dysfunction are the common mechanisms
for these three types of diseases. The disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism can bring
changes in the energy production patterns in endothelium and surrounding cells which may consequently
cause energy metabolic disorders, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses. Traditional
Chinese medicine (TCM) follows the principle of the “treatment by the syndrome differentiation.”
TCM considers coronary heart disease, stroke, and diabetes complications all as the type of
Qi-deficiency and blood stasis syndrome, which mainly occurs in the vascular system. Therefore,
the common pathogenesis of these three types of diseases suggests that the treatment strategy by
TCM should be in a close manner and referred to as “treating different diseases by the same treatment.”
Qishen Yiqi dripping pill is a modern Chinese herbal medicine that has been widely used
for the treatment of patients with coronary heart disease characterized as Qi-deficiency and blood
stasis in China. Recently, many clinical reports have demonstrated the potential therapeutic effects
of Qishen Yiqi dripping pills on ischemic stroke and diabetic nephropathy. Based on these reports,
we will summarize the clinical applications of Qishen Yiqi dripping pills on coronary heart disease,
ischemic stroke, and diabetic nephropathy, including the involved mechanisms discussed in
various research works.