bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial peptide-conjugated phage-mimicking nanoparticles exhibit potent bactericidal action against Streptococcus pyogenes in murine wound infection models
Authors: Olesk Johanna , Donahue Deborah , Ross Jessica , Sheehan Conor , Bennett Zach , Armknecht Kevin , Kudary Carlie , Hopf Juliane , Ploplis Victoria A. , Castellino Francis J. , Lee Shaun W. , Nallathamby Prakash D.
Published: January 2024

Modularly assembled, antimicrobial peptide capped phage-mimicking nanoparticles are highly biocompatible, rapidly bactericidal, and clear wound infections without the emergence of antibacterial resistance.
The potential of graphene coatings as neural interfaces
Authors: Lopes Vicente , Moreira Gabriel , Bramini Mattia , Capasso Andrea
Published: January 2024

Graphene coatings hold transformative potential for brain interfaces. This review explores the physico-chemical aspects of chemical vapor deposited graphene coatings in neurological applications, highlighting the key properties of an ideal interface.
Solvent-free synthesis of stable heterostructured-CsPbBr3/Cs2PbBr5 assisted by SiO2 for white light-emitting diodes
Authors: Yao Jisong , Yao Tianliang , Zhang Kaishuai , Fan Wenxuan , Yang Zhi , Xu Leimeng , Wang Shalong , Song Jizhong
Published: January 2024

We developed a facile synthesis for preparation of stable CsPbBr3/Cs2PbBr5 heterostructures at room temperature, which could be used to scale up production of perovskite phosphors without compromising their performance. This process used SiO2 nanospheres to avoid using hazardous organic solvents.
Pyridine 3,5-dicarboxylate-based metal–organic frameworks as an active electrode material for battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage devices
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Zahir , Khizar Asma , Shaheen Misbah , Afzal Amir Muhammad , Ahmad Zubair , Wabaidur Saikh Mohammad , Al-Ammar Essam A.
Published: January 2024

Battery–supercapacitor hybrid: merging of battery and supercapacitor electrodes for hybrid energy storage devices.
Investigating the effects of ultrafine bubbles on bacterial growth
Authors: Vu Mai Phuong , Le Hanh Tran Nguyen , Lam Thien Quang , Quynh Tran Anh Thi , Anh Le Thu Phan , Nguyen Khoi Tan
Published: January 2024

Several previous studies have considered ultrafine bubbles as a potential research target because their properties can be applied in many different research areas.
Methylation of softwood and hardwood kraft lignins with chloromethane
Authors: Beaudoin Daniel , Palus Ernest , Konduri Mohan K. R. , Gagné Alain
Published: January 2024

A green methodology for the methylation of kraft lignins with chloromethane has been developed.
Interaction of SO2 with a Cu–Mn oxide oxygen carrier during chemical looping with oxygen uncoupling
Authors: Barua Turna , Padak Bihter
Published: January 2024

During chemical looping combustion with oxygen uncoupling (CLOU) fuel-sulfur species impact the reactivity of Cu–Mn oxide oxygen carrier with CH4. SO2 oxidation to SO3 competes with fuel for available O2 and lowers CH4 conversion.
Titanium nitride supported ternary metal phosphides for hydrogen evolution
Authors: Zhao Jia , Liao Nan , Fung Cheung Daniel Wun , Luo Jingshan
Published: January 2024

A heterostructure of FeCoNiPx-decorated TiN nanowires was fabricated towards the HER both in alkaline and acidic electrolytes. Furthermore, an alkaline electrolyzer (NiFe LDH//AEM//TFCNP) could remain stable for more than 150 h at 300 mA cm−2.
Variability in Receptive Language Development Following Bilateral Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Illg Angelika , Adams Doris , Lesinski-Schiedat Anke , Lenarz Thomas , Kral Andrej
Published: January 2024

Objectives:

The primary aim was to investigate the variability in language development in children aged 5–7.5 years after bilateral cochlear implantation (CI) up to the age of 2 years, and any impact of the age at implantation and additional noncognitive or anatomical disorders at implantation.

Design:

Data of 84 congenitally deaf children that had received simultaneous bilateral CI at the age of ≤ 24 months were included in this retrospective study. The results of language comprehension acquisition were evaluated using a standardized German language acquisition test for normal hearing preschoolers and first graders. Data on speech perception of monosyllables and sentences in quiet and noise were added.

Results:

In a monosyllabic test, the children achieved a median performance of 75.0 ± 12.88%. In the sentence test in quiet, the median performance was 89 ± 12.69%, but dropped to 54 ± 18.92% in noise. A simple analysis showed a significant main effect of age at implantation on monosyllabic word comprehension (
p
< .001), but no significant effect of comorbidities that lacked cognitive effects (
p
= .24). Language acquisition values correspond to the normal range of children with normal hearing. Approximately 25% of the variability in the language acquisition tests is due to the outcome of the monosyllabic speech perception test.

Conclusions:

Congenitally deaf children who were fitted bilaterally in the 1st year of life can develop age-appropriate language skills by the time they start school. The high variability in the data is partly due to the age of implantation, but additional factors such as cognitive factors (e.g., working memory) are likely to influence the variability.
NICER views moderate, strong, and extreme photospheric expansion bursts from the ultracompact X-ray binary 4U 1820–30
Authors: Yu Wenhui , Li Zhaosheng , Lu Yongqi , Pan Yuanyue , Yang Xuejuan , Chen Yupeng , Zhang Shu , Falanga Maurizio
Published: January 2024

Type I X-ray bursts in the ultracompact X-ray binary 4U 1820–30 are powered by the unstable thermonuclear burning of hydrogen-deficient material. We report the detection of 15 type I X-ray bursts from 4U 1820–30 observed by NICER between 2017 and 2023. All these bursts occurred in the low state for the persistent flux in the range of 2.5–8 × 10−9 erg s−1 cm−2 in 0.1–250 keV. The burst spectra during the tail can be nicely explained by blackbody model. However, for the first ~5 s after the burst onset, the time-resolved spectra showed strong deviations from the blackbody model. The significant improvement of the fit can be obtained by taking into account of the enhanced persistent emission due to the Poynting–Robterson drag, the extra emission modeled by another blackbody component, or by the reflection from the surrounding accretion disk. The reflection model provides a self-consistent and physically motivated explanation. We find that the accretion disk density changed with 0.5 s delay in response to the burst radiation, which indicates the distortion of the accretion disk during X-ray bursts. From the time-resolved spectroscopy, all bursts showed the characteristic of photospheric radius expansion (PRE). We find one superexpansion burst with the extreme photospheric radius rph > 103 km and blackbody temperature of ~0.2 keV, 13 strong PRE bursts for rph > 102 km, and one moderate PRE burst for rph ~ 55 km.
Augmenting the power of time-delay cosmography in lens galaxy clusters by probing their member galaxies
Authors: Bergamini P. , Schuldt S. , Acebron A. , Grillo C. , Meštrić U. , Granata G. , Caminha G. B. , Meneghetti M. , Mercurio A. , Rosati P. , Suyu S. H. , Vanzella E.
Published: January 2024

We present a novel approach to measuring the expansion rate and the geometry of the Universe, which combines time-delay cosmography in lens galaxy clusters with pure samples of ‘cosmic chronometers’ by probing the member galaxies. The former makes use of the measured time delays between the multiple images of time-varying sources strongly lensed by galaxy clusters, while the latter exploits the most massive and passive cluster member galaxies to measure the differential time evolution of the Universe. We applied two different statistical techniques, adopting realistic errors on the measured quantities, to assess the accuracy and the gain in precision on the values of the cosmological parameters. We demonstrate that the proposed combined method allows for a robust and accurate measurement of the value of the Hubble constant. In addition, this provides valuable information on the other cosmological parameters thanks to the complementarity between the two different probes in breaking parameter degeneracies. Finally, we showcased the immediate observational feasibility of the proposed joint method by taking advantage of the existing high-quality spectro-photometric data for several lens galaxy clusters.
An Exploratory Study on New and Emerging Occupational Safety and Health Risks Associated with the Digital Market
Authors: Ghindescu Negură Florina , Popescu-Stelea Mihai , Toma Adrian , Dregan Cătălin Valentin , Cepreaga Moldoveanu Raluca
Published: January 2024

Europe wants to prepare its businesses and citizens for a sustainable and more prosperous human-centric digital future.The path to the translation into reality of the digital objectives will bring a complement to the existing rights and principles regarding the protection of data and private life, the digital rights of citizens as well as guidelines for companies regarding new technologies.Globally, the occupational health and safety risk assessment process is implemented using hundreds of dedicated tools, used in a flexible and complementary way, according to clearly specified criteria. Customized concepts offer a major potential for improving the management of safety and health at work in economic organizations, regardless of their size, form of ownership or other conditioning categories, sectors of activity or public institutions. This paper aims to make contributions regarding the forecasting and identification of new and emerging OSH challenges related to how digitization would change automated systems, work equipment and tools used, how work is organized, business models, hierarchies and relationships, the characteristics of the force of work, responsibilities for OSH management, skills, knowledge and information needed to work.
Control system for suction valves within gas compressors skids located in potentially explosive zones
Authors: Nechifor Cristian , Roman Mihaela , Lale Daniel , Stoica Remus , Vasile Mirela
Published: January 2024

The paper presents the implementation of a feedback loop controller for the suction valves used within the gas compressors skids manufactured by Romanian Research and Development Institute for Gas Turbines COMOTI. These compressors are installed at beneficiaries, in potentially explosive environments (e.g., gas extraction and transportation applications). The proposed solution addresses the problems observed due to the high suction pressures of screw compressors, which may occur at start-up or during operation, leading to failed start-ups or emergency shutdowns. An automatic sequence implemented in the control software and displayed on the operating panel, could assist the operator during high suction pressures (above 1.2 bar). These pressure conditions normally lead to alarm limits and to performing an automatic shutdown sequence for protecting the compressor. The paper herein discusses the implementation of a start-up sequence in the programmable logic controller’s software, which can be applied without critical interventions on the compressor packages, only through minor control software modifications which can safely extend the inlet pressure range and the exploitation of the compressors. Thus, since no hardware modifications are required, we also ensure maintaining the ATEX certifications of equipment and assemblies.
Transition metals concentration within the PM10 fraction of atmospheric suspended particulate matter – case study, Craiova, 2021
Authors: Moldovan Clementina Sabina , Sbîrnă Sebastian , Sbîrnă Liana-Simona
Published: January 2024

The current case study had the main purpose of determining and reporting the concentrations of the most toxic transition metals present in the composition of the particles suspended in the atmosphere, namely: lead, nickel, arsenic and cadmium. In the collection of experimental data, the fraction of suspended particulate matter represented by inhalable particles with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10 microns (PM10) was studied, by taking, during two weeks within different seasons of the year 2021, two set of seven filters, each used for one day – from an area of heavy traffic, on one of the main arteries of the municipality of Craiova, near a continuous air quality monitoring station capable of monitoring PM10. Thus, it was possible to permanently compare the results obtained through this application with the official data – registered during the same time intervals – by the local division of the EPA, founding a remarkable data concordance.
Variation of air condition parameters, in the conditions of the presence of carbon dioxide, in the duct of ventilation installations
Authors: Cămărășescu Alexandru , Drăgoescu Răzvan
Published: January 2024

Industrial ventilation takes into account the quality of the air inside the IAQ (Indoor Air Quality) and the degree of exposure of workers. In industrial targets the emission regime of contaminants can be 10–100 times higher than in non-industrial targets, but for many pollutants the IAQ levels can be the same.

The parameters of the state of the air which are of interest for the technique of ventilation and air conditioning are: air temperature and humidity, atmospheric pressure and air speed. For the study on the variation of the air state parameters inside the industrial ventilation installations, in the experiment laboratory, on the study of the industrial ventilation systems, the experiment was performed on the variation of the air state parameters in the conditions of circulation through the ventilation duct. an amount of carbon dioxide.

Prior to the introduction of carbon dioxide into the duct, the ventilation system was started, at nominal parameters. During the experiment, the operating parameters of the drive motor were changed using a frequency converter on levels 50; 40; 30; 20; 10 and 5 Hz. The ventilation system used was structured by means of flow converters which were fixed in the open position. The ventilation system as well as the flow variators were operated by the SCADA type command and control system

The paper will present the analysis of the variation of state parameters (temperature, humidity, absolute pressure and air speed) by introducing a constant amount of carbon dioxide in the ventilation duct.
Establishing the necessary measures for carrying out the activity in security conditions during the execution of work on the Iernut - Chetani highway alignment, Mures county
Authors: Matei Adrian , Chiuzan Emeric
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this work is to establish the regime of methane releases (explosive gas) following the execution of the underpass works of the Sibiu-Pitesti highway in the Curtea de Argeș-Pitesti sector.

INSEMEX Petroșani executed during the period 01-04.11.2022 on-site measurements at four highway underpasses with a total length of 843m as well as in the areas adjacent to these underpasses, noting that these underpasses are from wells in operation and are connected to the SRM Merișani Station. Based on the measurements and observations made, the analysis of the elements taken into study, as well as the existing records and documentation, INSEMEX Petroșani made the present work.
Safety and compatibility requirements for types of protection to explosion applied to electrical equipment intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres
Authors: Csaszar Tiberiu , Grecea Danut , Beldiman Alexandru , Munteanu Laurentiu
Published: January 2024

The principles of protection for electrical equipment against the ignition of a potentially explosive atmosphere differ from one type of equipment to another and they can be combined, but only if the principles clearly defined in the literature are respected. There are situations where two or more principles of protection applied to the same equipment are not compatible with each other in order to ensure a level of protection appropriate to the classification of the area endangered by the presence of a potentially explosive atmosphere. In this case, an appropriate selection of technical solutions is required to ensure the explosion protection requirements for designated equipment.

This paper is intended to be a synthesis of the requirements imposed by the technical standards in the specific field of potentially explosive atmospheres - ATEX, as well as highlighting some situations of incorrect application of the types of explosion protection chosen, during commissioning, but also during the exploitation of equipment in installations operating in areas endangered by the presence of potentially explosive atmospheres.
Considerations regarding the impulse ignition test for level of protection “eb” and ignition test for protection levels “eb” and “ec” stator insulation systems of Ex-proof electric motors
Authors: Magyari Mihai , Moldovan Lucian , Rad Marcel
Published: January 2024

According to the provisions of the 5th edition of the standard IEC 60079 – 7, equipment protection by increased safety “e”, for Level of protection “eb” and “ec” electrical machines, if the rated voltage exceeds 1 kV, type tests in explosive mixtures have to be carried out, in order to certify such an electrical machine. The purpose of this paper is to provide some considerations regarding the impulse ignition test for level of protection “eb” and ignition test for levels of protection “eb” and “ec” stator insulation systems of explosion proof electric motors and also to present a case study regarding such tests conducted in the specialized laboratory of INSEMEX Petrosani, on a stator insulation winding system of a 6 kV electric motor type of protection Ex eb IIC Gb, case study which will assist manufacturers in designing appropriate stator winding insulation systems for increased safety type of protection electric motors.
Aspects Regarding the Surface Temperature for Electric Motors used in Potentially Explosive Atmosphere
Authors: Fotău Dragoş , Sălășan Diana , Păsculescu Dragoș , Lazăr Teodora
Published: January 2024

Most of the equipment operating in potentially explosive atmospheres in oil and gas industry is represented by electric motors, which in most situations act on various other elements (e.g. pumps, valves, fans etc.).

Evaluation of explosion-proof protected electrical equipment in scope of certification is extremely important considering the risk of explosion that has to be minimized in order to ensure life safety and health of workers and to prevent damaging of property and the environment, as well as free movement of goods when they meet the essential safety requirements at European level.

Even if electric motors for explosive atmospheres are designed and manufactured following some of the same principles as the ones used for other electric machinery, they have certain particularities related to their field of use. Thus, a series of specific restrictions and tests are required to be considered in their case.

A very important component on which the explosion protection depends is the surface temperature of the equipment. This is the highest temperature reached in operation under the most unfavorable conditions (but within the tolerances set), by any part or surface of the electrical equipment (in the case of gaseous explosive atmospheres which may occur in technical installations operating in oil and gas industry, this temperature may appear on an internal component or on the outer surface of the case , depending on the type of protection used).

To prevent an explosion it is very important that the tests performed on the equipment are done correctly and in the most unfavorable conditions. The purpose of this paper is to present the importance of performing tests to determine the surface temperature for electric motors designed to be used in explosive atmosphere generated by gases and vapors.
Passive blast protection of buildings by ductile steel-based envelopes
Authors: Laszlo Robert , Ghicioi Emilian , Dinu Florea , Neagu Calin , Dubina Dan
Published: January 2024

The growth of industrialization and the rapid expansion of densely populated urban areas have increased the risk caused by technological and man-made hazards. In particular, the accidental or intentional detonation of high explosives (e.g., improvised explosive devices IEDs), can cause damages to buildings and infrastructures and severe harm people. These risks can be minimized by a better planning, design, and construction, e.g., avoiding brittle construction materials, especially within the building envelope, and adopting more robust construction techniques. The study presented in the paper investigates the capacity of light steel-based wall panels to resist the effects of external explosions. The experimental results showed the ultimate capacity of the wall panels is strongly dependant on the initial design conditions and panel-to-structure fastening solution. A numerical model has been also calibrated using Etabs program.
Modern training methods and technique in the field of occupational safety – a literature review
Authors: Trifu Alina , Darabont Doru Costin , Ciocîrlea Vicentiu , Ivan Iulian
Published: January 2024

The growing diversity of the workforce and the changing context of employment in the world present significant challenges for developing and implementing occupational safety and health training. New approaches to content development, format, and implementation need to be developed, as traditional training methods are often not effective with workers or do not account for changes in employment patterns and the way work is organized today. This paper reviews modern training methods from computer games to virtual reality, as found in the specialized literature published in the last 10 years. The article presents the results of a state of art literature review realized with the new version of PRISMA methodology, for systematic reviews, as a part of National Institute for Research and Development for Occupational Safety INCDPM Alexandru Darabont ongoing project "Development of informative content and online training system of occupational safety and health information in the context of intelligent specialization".
Psychosocial risks and new emerging technologies in dangerous environments
Authors: Kovacs Izabella , Găman George Artur , Pupăzan Daniel , Irimia Alin
Published: January 2024

Work represents the interaction of different components such as work environment, human factor and equipment. Occupational risks assessment associated with each workplace has the role of preventing work accidents and diseases. Among occupational risks, the psychosocial ones mainly refer to stress, being greatly influenced by individual perceptions. Work related stress represents an ongoing challenge, that occupational health and safety specialists have to deal with. As any other occupational health and safety risk, stress and psychosocial risks can be effectively managed. Many experts in the filed have pointed out the need to make the issue of protecting emergency workers against occupational health and safety risks a priority. As new technologies emerge and develop, so do occupational health and safety risks resulted from new demands on personnel, including intervention and rescue personnel. The current paper will discuss work-related stress issues and how occupational stress should be managed in the context of emerging technologies in toxic / flammable / explosive environments.
Abandoned Mine Methane Development of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin in the Light of the New EU Regulation on Methane Emission Reduction in the Energy Sector
Authors: Hadro Jerzy , Jureczka Janusz , Suszka Grzegorz , Strzemińska Katarzyna
Published: January 2024

More than 40 coal mines have been abandoned in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB) since the 1980s. Several of these mines were gassy but only seven have been selected as prospective for abandoned mine methane (AMM) production. The newly developed methodology, which is based on the post-mining emission prognosis, was used to estimate the AMM resource potential of the USCB. Based on this study, conclusions and recommendations for the future development of AMM in the USCB have been formulated. Appropriate changes in the law, proper planning of AMM recovery and estimating AMM resources before closing the mine are considered the most critical factors. Also, AMM development in Poland may be impacted by the new EU Regulation on Methane Emission Reduction. The provisions of this regulation require enormous inventory, record-keeping and logistic work as well as large financial expenditures for measuring methane concentrations for all mines, including non-gassy mines. The regulation applies to all coal mines, as long as 50 years have not passed since their closure, while it is assumed that methane emission from gobs in closed mines lasts approximately 15 years in the USCB mining conditions.
Treatment in Certified Breast Cancer Centers Improves Chances of Survival of Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Schoffer Olaf , Wimberger Pauline , Gerken Michael , Bierbaum Veronika , Bobeth Christoph , Rößler Martin , Dröge Patrik , Ruhnke Thomas , Günster Christian , Kleihues-van Tol Kees , Link Theresa , Scharl Anton , Inwald Elisabeth C. , Kast Karin , Papathemelis Thomas , Ortmann Olaf , Klinkhammer-Schalke Monika , Schmitt Jochen
Published: January 2024

Certified breast cancer centers offer specific quality standards in terms of their structure, diagnostic and treatment approaches with regards to breast surgery, drug-based cancer therapy,
radiotherapy, and psychosocial support. Such centers aim to improve treatment outcomes of breast cancer patients. The question investigated here was whether patients with primary breast cancer
have a longer overall survival if they are treated in a certified breast cancer center compared to treatment outside these centers.

We used patient-specific data (demographics, diagnoses, treatments) obtained from data held by mandatory health insurance companies (gesetzliche
Krankenversicherung, GKV) and clinical cancer registries (KKR) for the period 2009–2017 as well as hospital characteristics recorded in standardized quality reports. Using multivariable
Cox regression analysis, we investigated differences in survival between patients treated in hospitals certified as breast cancers centers by the German Cancer Society (DKG) and patients
treated in hospitals which had not been certified by the DKG.

The sample population consisted of 143720 (GKV data) and 59780 (KKR data) patients with breast cancer, who were treated in 1010 hospitals across Germany (280 DKG-certified, 730 not
DKG-certified). 63.5% (GKV data) and 66.7% (KKR data) of patients, respectively, were treated in DKG-certified breast cancer centers. Cox regression analysis for overall survival which
included patient and hospital characteristics found a significantly lower mortality risk for patients treated in DKG-certified breast cancer centers (GKV data: HR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.74–0.81;
KKR data: HR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.85–0.92). This result remained stable even after several sensitivity analyses including stratified estimates for subgroups of patients and hospitals. The effect
was even more pronounced for recurrence-free survival (KKR data: HR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.74–0.82).

Patients who are treated by an interdisciplinary team in a DKG-certified breast cancer had clear and statistically significantly better survival rates. Certification is therefore an
effective means of improving the quality of care, and more patients should be treated in certified breast cancer centers.
Elevated liver enzymes in a German tertiary-care hospital: Distribution, diagnostic steps and diagnosis groups
Authors: Mederacke Young-Seon , Mederacke Ingmar , Bock Kilian , Wedemeyer Heiner
Published: January 2024

Background The determination of liver blood tests is frequently performed in hospitalized patients, and abnormal values require further diagnostics. Yet, analyses considering the management of elevated liver enzymes are missing. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the distribution of abnormal liver function tests and the subsequent diagnostic steps across different medical specialties.

Methods From our Hannover liver-injury database, we identified 63,300 cases of patients who were hospitalized between January 2008 and July 2021 with AST or ALT > 3 ULN or AP or TBI > 2 ULN at any time point during hospitalization. Of these, 29,547 cases fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were subjected to further analysis. Cases were analyzed according to the three groups: internal medicine, surgery and others. Analyses were performed regarding baseline characteristics, liver-related diagnostics and factors influencing hospital mortality.

Results Elevated liver blood tests were mainly observed in internal medicine (n=17,762, 60.1%), followed by the surgery department 34.2% (n=10,105). Notably, 40.2% (n=11,896) developed liver enzyme elevation above the cut-offs during the hospital stay. Testing for hepatitis B and C was more often performed in the surgery department compared to in internal medicine. In total, 5.6% of the cases (n=1,640) had a liver biopsy. Hyperbilirubinemia (total bilirubine ≥ 2ULN) and AST/ALT ratios >2 were associated with in-hospital mortality.

Conclusion Clinicians are often faced with elevated liver enzymes. However, diagnostic steps differ between different specialties. Physicians should be aware of the increased in-hospital mortality in cases with hyperbilirubinemia or elevated AST/ALT ratios.
Synthetic Approaches to Gliflozins: A Comprehensive Overview
Authors: Nahide Pradip D. , Annapragada Ratnamala , Bandichhor Rakeshwar , Sasikala Ch. V. A. , Beesu Mallesh , Biswas Sayantan , Basu Debjit , Achanta Srinivas
Published: January 2024

Diabetes mellitus, commonly referred to as diabetes, is a persistent medical condition that contributes to a significant global mortality rate and various associated complications in individuals. To address the needs of those diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, the pharmaceutical market offers a range of antidiabetic medications. Among these options, gliflozins stand out as highly efficacious therapeutic agents for the management of type 2 diabetes. These medications inhibit the function of sodium–glucose linked transporter (SGLT) enzymes in the kidneys, effectively halting the reabsorption of sugar and leading to a reduction in the overall glucose load within the bloodstream. This review aims at providing a comprehensive overview of the various syntheses for each of the gliflozin drugs reported in the literature and also summarizes the synthetic advancements in this area to date.

1 Introduction

2 Synthesis of Gliflozins

2.1 Canagliflozin

2.2 Dapagliflozin

2.3 Ipragliflozin

2.4 Empagliflozin

2.5 Luseogliflozin

2.6 Tofogliflozin

2.7 Ertugliflozin

2.8 Sotagliflozin

2.9 Licogliflozin

2.10 Remogliflozin

2.11 Henagliflozin

2.12 Bexagliflozin

2.13 Janagliflozin

2.14 Velagliflozin

2.15 Sergliflozin Etabonate

2.16 Enavogliflozin

3 Conclusion
Effect of Repeated Moist Heat Sterilization on Titanium Implant–Abutment Interface—An In Vitro Study
Authors: Morsy Mohamed S.M. , Hassan Ali Abdel-Halim Abdel-Azim , Alshawkani Hamed A. , Mattoo Khurshid A. , Mathur Ankita , Fiorillo Luca
Published: January 2024

Objectives Sterilization eliminates microbial viability by decreasing the biological load, but likewise have the ability to deteriorate the mechanical properties of an implant material. This study intended to evaluate the effect of repeated moist heat sterilization on implant–abutment interface using two different implant systems.

Materials and Methods Forty screw-retained titanium implant–abutment combinations (fixture 3.5 ×10 mm, abutment 2 mm diameter), twenty each from Genesis (Aktiv Implant Systems, United States) and Bredent (SKY, Germany), were divided into four different groups (n = 10) and placed in a computer-aided diagnostic model. The abutments from each group were exposed to first and second autoclave cycle (121°C for 30 minutes), connected back to the fixture and analyzed under scanning electron microscope for marginal gap and surface roughness.

Results Genesis group showed higher marginal gaps on both sides (buccal/mesial [2.8 ± 0.47]; lingual/distal [2.8 ± 0.33]), while Bredent implant–abutment system (IAS) did not show any changes in marginal gaps after autoclaving. Differences within and between the group were found to be statistically significant. Surface roughness for Genesis (243.7 ± 70.30) and Bredent groups (528.9 ± 213.19) was highest at second autoclave, with Bredent implant–abutment showing higher values for surface roughness than Genesis IAS.

Conclusion Marginal vertical gap increased with autoclaving for Genesis IAS, while Bredent implant abutments were more stable. Surface roughness increases with autoclaving for both Genesis and Bredent group of IAS.
Pituitary Adenoma Coexistent with Sellar Clear Cell Meningioma Unattached to the Dura: Case Report and Treatment Considerations
Authors: Chatain Grégoire P. , Chee Keanu , Driscoll Meghan , Kleinschmidt-DeMasters B.K. , Lillehei Kevin O.
Published: January 2024

Collision tumors involving the sella are rare. Intrasellar collision tumors are most commonly composed of a combination of pituitary adenomas and pituitary neuroendocrine tumors; however, collision tumors consisting of a pituitary adenoma and intrasellar meningioma are exceedingly rare. The authors present the case of a 47-year-old man who presented with progressive right eye vision loss. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a large, heterogeneously enhancing sellar mass with suprasellar extension. Using a transcranial approach with a right subfrontal craniotomy, near-total resection of the mass was achieved. Histologic analysis confirmed a diagnosis of a gonadotroph adenoma with concomitant clear cell meningioma (CCM). This patient was discharged with improvement in visual acuity and no signs of diabetes insipidus. Given the indistinguishable radiographic characteristics of pituitary adenoma and CCM, a preoperative diagnosis of a collision tumor was difficult. This case was uniquely challenging since the CCM component lacked the classic dural attachment that is associated with meningiomas on neuroimaging. CCMs are classified as central nervous system (CNS) World Health Organization (WHO) grade 2 tumors and tend to behave more aggressively, therefore warranting close surveillance for signs of tumor recurrence. This is the first case to report a collision tumor consisting of pituitary adenoma and CCM.
Treatment Options for Infantile Spasms Syndrome with SCN8A: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Oikawa Shizuka , Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Hanafusa Hiroaki , Ye Ming Juan , Tokumoto Shoichi , Tomioka Kazumi , Nishiyama Masahiro , Morisada Naoya , Nozu Kandai , Nagase Hiroaki
Published: January 2024

“Infantile spasms syndrome (IS),” previously known as “West syndrome (WS),” is characterized by epileptic spasms (ES), abnormal electroencephalography (EEG) patterns such as hypsarrhythmia, and developmental stagnation or regression in infancy. IS has various etiologies, including genetic abnormalities. SCN8A variants are associated with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, characterized by developmental delay, seizures starting from infancy, and refractory epilepsy with multiple seizure types. However, previous studies have not focused on the treatment of IS caused by SCN8A variants. We report a case of a previously healthy boy who presented ES and developmental regression at 6 months of age. His EEG revealed hypsarrhythmia, leading to the diagnosis of IS. After admission, the patient was treated with hormonal therapy using intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy (MPT). ES and hypsarrhythmia on EEG disappeared in the early stages of MPT administration with no observed treatment complications. Furthermore, we observed no recurrence of EEG abnormalities or seizures at 17 months of age. Genetic testing revealed a novel de novo SCN8A variant (NM_001177984.2:c.2882T > G:p. M961R). The literature review confirmed that 13 patients, including our described patient, were reported to have ES owing to missense variants of SCN8A. While the previous articles do not mention intravenous MPT for ES with SCN8A, our case findings suggest that intravenous MPT therapy may be effective for short-term suppression of ES caused by the SCN8A variant in IS.
An assessment of traffic education and its examination system—an extended House of Quality approach
Authors: Buics László , Horváth Zsolt Csaba , Földesi Péter , Eisinger Boglárka Balassa
Published: January 2024

The goal of this article is to examine traffic education and its examination system, using a new approach based on the House of Quality method. While every country has its own legal rules and requirements regarding how traffic education and examinations are conducted, there is a direct relationship between traffic education, its examination system and road safety. Therefore the quality of such a complicated process is of great interest for both stakeholders: the authorities and the citizens. These stakeholders both have their own objectives regarding the system, consequently increasing its complexity. This article investigates, as its case study, the system in Hungary. The House of Quality method has been expanded to provide a unique approach to examine the goals and objectives of both stakeholders, revealing similarities and differences and their interrelationships. Secondary data on the effectiveness of the traffic education and examination system are also analysed. Based on the HOQ model representations of the goals and objectives of the stakeholders regarding the traffic education and exam system, it can be established that the stakeholder points of view are closer to each other in the case of the test system than that of the education system. However, there are unsolved contradictions between the stakeholders that have to be handled, as opinions regarding the quality of the service and the criteria of the stakeholders’ satisfaction are very diverse.
Harmonic analysis on line bundles over the exceptional domain E7(−25)/U(1)E6
Authors: El Wassouli Fouzia
Published: January 2024

Let DVI be an exceptional domain of tube type and let Hν the associated generalized Hua operator. In this paper, we determine the explicit formula of the action of the group E7(−25) on DVI. We compute explicitly the value of the generalized Hua operator on DVI. Also, we characterized the Lp-range, 1 ≤ p < ∞ of the generalized Poisson transform on the Shilov boundary for the domain DVI. We prove that this range is a Hua–Hardy type spaces for functions satisfying a Hua system of differential equations.
Non-Lyapunov annealed decay for 1d Anderson eigenfunctions
Authors: Macera Davide
Published: January 2024

In Exact dynamical decay rate for the almost Mathieu operator by Jitomirskaya et al. [Math. Res. Lett. 27(3), 789–808 (2020)], the authors analysed the dynamical decay in expectation for the supercritical almost-Mathieu operator in function of the coupling parameter, showing that it is equal to the Lyapunov exponent of its transfer matrix cocycle, and asked whether the same is true for the 1d Anderson model. We show that this is never true for bounded potentials when the disorder parameter is sufficiently large.
Assessing the influence of non-thermal plasma treatment on sprouting of mosaic yard long beans (Vigna unguiculata)
Authors: Guragain Rajesh Prakash , Baniya Hom Bahadur , Guragain Deepesh Prakash , Subedi Deepak Prasad
Published: January 2024

This study examined the impact of non-thermal plasma (NTP) treatment on the germination of mosaic yard long beans (MYLB) (Vigna unguiculata). The NTP discharge utilized 5.01 W of power and had an estimated electron density of 2.5 × 1011 cm−3. Optical emission spectra analysis confirmed the generation of nitrogen ions using the dielectric barrier discharge system. Seeds exposed to NTP for varying durations exhibited enhanced germination rates and higher vigor, with the highest percentage observed for 120 s of treatment. Seeds treated for 60 and 120 s displayed faster and more synchronized germination based on the Mean Germination Time and Coefficient of Velocity of Germination values. The NTP treatment resulted in mass loss in the seeds, with the greatest loss occurring after 120 s of treatment. NTP-treated seeds demonstrated improved water uptake capacity compared to untreated seeds. Water contact angle measurements indicated a shift from hydrophobic to hydrophilic behavior in NTP-treated seeds, indicating enhanced surface wettability. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed erosion and roughening of the seed coat following NTP treatment. These findings suggest that NTP treatment enhances the germination performance of MYLB by promoting faster and more uniform germination, improving water uptake capacity, and modifying the seed coat surface.
Full-F turbulent simulation in a linear plasma device using a gyro-moment approach
Authors: Frei B. J. , Mencke J. , Ricci P.
Published: January 2024

Simulations of plasma turbulence in a linear plasma device configuration are presented. These simulations are based on a simplified version of the gyrokinetic (GK) model proposed by Frei et al. [J. Plasma Phys. 86, 905860205 (2020)], where the full-F distribution function is expanded on a velocity-space polynomial basis allowing us to reduce its evolution to the solution of an arbitrary number of fluid-like equations for the expansion coefficients, denoted as the gyro-moments (GM). By focusing on the electrostatic and neglecting finite Larmor radius effects, a full-F GM hierarchy equation is derived to evolve the ion dynamics, which includes a nonlinear Dougherty collision operator, localized sources, and Bohm sheath boundary conditions. An electron fluid Braginskii model is used to evolve the electron dynamics, coupled to the full-F ion GM hierarchy equation via a vorticity equation where the Boussinesq approximation is used. A set of full-F turbulent simulations are then performed using the parameters of the LArge Plasma Device (LAPD) experiments with different numbers of ion GMs and different values of collisionality. The ion distribution function is analyzed illustrating the convergence properties of the GM approach. In particular, we show that higher-order GMs are damped by collisions in the high-collisional regime relevant to LAPD experiments. The GM results are then compared with those from two-fluid Braginskii simulations, finding qualitative agreement in the time-averaged profiles and statistical turbulent properties.
Fabrication of gallium nitride waveguide resonators by high-power impulse magnetron sputtering at room temperature
Authors: Wu Shih-Hsin , Chen Zhi-Guang , Liu Hung-Sheng , Chen Sheng-Hui , Wang Pei-Hsun
Published: January 2024

In this work, we demonstrate gallium nitride (GaN) waveguide resonators by sputtering amorphous GaN films on the silicon-based substrate. With the aid of high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS), high-quality, high-deposition-rate, and high-flatness GaN films can be deposited directly onto the silicon substrate with a 4 μm buried oxide layer at room temperature. Waveguide resonators with a quality factor of up to 4 × 104 are demonstrated, and closely critical coupling is achieved at a 0.2 μm gap by optimizing the gap sizes, showing a high extinction ratio of waveguide resonators at ≈24 dB. The fabrication process of HiPIMS-GaN waveguide resonators utilizes CMOS-compatible techniques and operates at a low thermal budget. Compared to conventional GaN films fabricated using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition, this study offers the potential to produce low-cost GaN waveguides on amorphous substrates and realize integrated GaN photonics in optical communication, nonlinear photonics, and quantum photonics by high-quality HiPIMS films.
Collective octahedral tilting in ultrathin Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite under terahertz light
Authors: Liu Kun , Zhou Jian
Published: January 2024

Perovskites have been applied in a wide range of fields such as solar cells and nonvolatile memories due to their multiferroic nature and excellent photo-electric conversion capabilities. Recently, two-dimensional perovskites with a few atomic layers have been successfully synthesized, attracting significant attention for potential applications. In this work, we perform first-principles calculations to investigate an ultrathin prototypical Ruddlesden−Popper phase, Bi2FeO4, with its thickness down to one unit cell. We show that this compound could exist in two (meta-)stable octahedral tilting phases, belonging to P21/c and C2/m space groups, respectively. Using the optomechanical theory, we suggest that reversible and nonvolatile phase switching can be triggered using nondestructive terahertz light. In addition, the two phases show distinct optical reflectance spectrum in the visible light range, which can be used as an optical probe for phase transformation. This enables both “write” and “read” in an all-optical route.
Mitigation of electromagnetic pulses interfering with Thomson parabola ion spectrometers at XG-III laser facility
Authors: Li Zihao , Kang Ning , Teng Jian , Zhang Zhimeng , Xie Jiajie , Niu Aihui , Liu Huiya , Sun Mingying , Zhou Weimin , Li Tingshuai
Published: January 2024

The Thomson parabola ion spectrometer is vulnerable to intense electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) generated by a high-power laser interacting with solid targets. A metal shielding cage with a circular aperture of 1 mm diameter is designed to mitigate EMPs induced by a picosecond laser irradiating a copper target in an experiment where additionally an 8-ns delayed nanosecond laser is incident into an aluminum target at the XG-III laser facility. The implementation of the shielding cage reduces the maximum EMP amplitude inside the cage to 5.2 kV/m, and the simulation results indicate that the cage effectively shields electromagnetic waves. However, the laser-accelerated relativistic electrons which escaped the target potential accumulate charge on the surface of the cage, which is responsible for the detected EMPs within the cage. To further alleviate EMPs, a lead wall and an absorbing material (ECCOSORB AN-94) were added before the cage, significantly blocking the propagation of electrons. These findings provide valuable insights into EMP generation in large-scale laser infrastructures and serve as a foundation for electromagnetic shielding design.