bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metabolic rewiring in MYC-driven medulloblastoma by BET-bromodomain inhibition
Authors: Graziani Vittoria , Garcia Aida Rodriguez , Alcolado Lourdes Sainero , Le Guennec Adrien , Henriksson Marie Arsenian , Conte Maria R.
Published: January 2023

Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumour in children. High-risk MB patients harbouring MYC amplification or overexpression exhibit a very poor prognosis. Aberrant activation of MYC markedly reprograms cell metabolism to sustain tumorigenesis, yet how metabolism is dysregulated in MYC-driven MB is not well understood. Growing evidence unveiled the potential of BET-bromodomain inhibitors (BETis) as next generation agents for treating MYC-driven MB, but whether and how BETis may affect tumour cell metabolism to exert their anticancer activities remains unknown. In this study, we explore the metabolic features characterising MYC-driven MB and examine how these are altered by BET-bromodomain inhibition. To this end, we employed an NMR-based metabolomics approach applied to the MYC-driven MB D283 and D458 cell lines before and after the treatment with the BETi OTX-015. We found that OTX-015 triggers a metabolic shift in both cell lines resulting in increased levels of myo-inositol, glycerophosphocholine, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, glycine, serine, pantothenate and phosphocholine. Moreover, we show that OTX-015 alters ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, inositol phosphate metabolism, phosphatidylinositol signalling system, glycerophospholipid metabolism, ether lipid metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, and glycine, serine and threonine metabolism pathways in both cell lines. These insights provide a metabolic characterisation of MYC-driven childhood MB cell lines, which could pave the way for the discovery of novel druggable pathways. Importantly, these findings will also contribute to understand the downstream effects of BETis on MYC-driven MB, potentially aiding the development of new therapeutic strategies to combat medulloblastoma.
Poverty from fetal life onward and child brain morphology
Authors: Koyama Yuna , Hidalgo Andrea P. Cortes , Lacey Rebecca E. , White Tonya , Jansen Pauline W. , Fujiwara Takeo , Tiemeier Henning
Published: January 2023

Poverty is a risk factor for impaired child development, an association possibly mediated by brain morphology. Previous studies lacked prospective poverty assessments during pregnancy and did not stratify by majority/minority status. We investigated the association of household poverty from fetal life forward with brain morphological differences at age 10 years, in 2166 mother–child dyads. Overall, the results showed no associations between any poverty exposure early in life and brain volumes. However, there was the evidence of timing effects: children exposed to poverty in utero had smaller amygdala volumes (B =  − 0.18, 95%CI − 0.30; − 0.07,pFDR-adjusted = 0.009). There were also differences in associations by majority/minority status (cerebral white matter: p for interaction = 0.04). Dutch children exposed to childhood poverty showed smaller cerebral white matter volumes than their control (B =  − 0.26, 95%CI − 0.45; − 0.06,pFDR-adjusted = 0.035). This association was not observed in the minority population (B =  − 0.05, 95%CI − 0.23; 0.12,pFDR-adjusted = 0.542). The smaller cerebral white matter volume mediated the association between childhood poverty and poorer school performance in Dutch children. Our findings point to the importance of poverty exposure in the fetal period and suggest different mechanisms and vulnerabilities across majority/minority groups.
Variation in allele frequencies in benzimidazole resistant and susceptible isolates of Haemonchus contortus during patent infection in lambs
Authors: Dolinská Michaela Urda , Königová Alžbeta , von Samson Himmelstjerna Georg , Várady Marián
Published: January 2023

We evaluated the variation in the frequency of benzimidazole (BZ) resistance-associated alleles at codons 200, 167 and 368 (F200Y, F167Y, V368L) of the β-tubulin isotype 1 gene during the patent period in isolates of Haemonchus contortus susceptible and resistant to BZ using pyrosequencing. Four lambs 5–6 months old were infected with 5000–6000 infective third-stage larvae (L3) of the susceptible MHco1 and the multi-resistant MHco4 isolates, respectively. Faecal samples were collected 28-times during 20–90 days post-infection (dpi). Coprocultures were subsequently prepared to produce L3 for genotyping. The frequency of the resistant allele (TAC) at codon 200 in MHco1 was lowest at 43 and 76 dpi with at each time point 0% and highest at 36 dpi with 10.85%, with a mean of 6.47% ± 2.39 and a coefficient of variation of 37.01%. The frequency of the TAC at codon 200 in MHco4 was lowest at 76 dpi with 25.6% and highest at 90 dpi with 49.25%, with a mean of 35.7% ± 4.42 and a coefficient of variation of 12.39%. No resistance alleles were detected in MHco1 at either codon 167 or 368. For MHco4 isolate, resistance alleles were detected only on codon 167 with a mean of 8.00% ± 4.83 and a mean coefficient of variation of 60.40%. Our results demonstrate the considerable variation in the frequency of resistant alleles in the susceptible and resistant isolates during the patent period. This variation should be considered when testing for the presence of BZ resistance in populations of gastrointestinal parasites, especially those with a low frequency of TAC.
Discovery of structural and functional transition sites for membrane-penetrating activity of sheep myeloid antimicrobial peptide-18
Authors: Jung Bomi , Yun Hyosuk , Min Hye Jung , Yang Sungtae , Shin Song Yub , Lee Chul Won
Published: January 2023

Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides have an extended and/or unstructured conformation in aqueous solutions but fold into ordered conformations, such as the α-helical structure, when interacting with cellular membranes. These structural transitions can be directly correlated to their antimicrobial activity and its underlying mechanisms. SMAP-18, the N-terminal segment (residues 1–18) of sheep cathelicidin (SMAP-29), is known to kill microorganisms by translocating across membranes and interacting with their nucleic acids. The amino acid sequence of SMAP-18 contains three Gly residues (at positions 2, 7, and 13) that significantly affect the flexibility of its peptide structure. This study investigated the role of Gly residues in the structure, membrane interaction, membrane translocation, and antimicrobial mechanisms of SMAP-18. Five analogs were designed and synthesized through Gly → Ala substitution (i.e., G2A, G7A, G13A, G7,13A, and G2,7,13A); these substitutions altered the helical content of SMAP-18 peptides. We found that G7,13A and G2,7,13A changed their mode of action, with circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance studies revealing that these analogs changed the structure of SMAP-18 from a random coil to an α-helical structure. The results of this experiment suggest that the Gly residues at positions 7 and 13 in SMAP-18 are the structural and functional determinants that control its three-dimensional structure, strain-specific activity, and antimicrobial mechanism of action. These results provide valuable information for the design of novel peptide-based antibiotics.
Maintenance intravenous iron in hemodialysis patients to minimize erythropoietin doses: a double-blinded, randomized controlled trial (the MAINTAIN IRON trial)
Authors: Anumas Suthiya , Chatkrailert Aphichat , Tantiyavarong Pichaya
Published: January 2023

In patients on chronic hemodialysis, there is no standard protocol for maintenance iron supplementation. This study aimed to compare two fixed-dose intravenous (IV) iron protocols to reduce erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA). We conducted a double-blinded, randomized controlled study on hemodialysis patients having ferritin levels between 200 and 700 ng/dl and transferrin saturation values between 20 and 40%. Patients were assigned to receive either 100 or 200 mg of IV iron each month. ESA was adjusted every month to keep Hb between 10 and 12 g/dl. ESA dose at 12 months was the primary outcome. The secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events, absolute iron deficiency anemia (IDA), blood transfusion, adverse events, and iron withholding rate. Of the 79 eligible patients, 40 received 100 mg of IV iron, while 39 received 200 mg. At month 12, the mean monthly ESA dose in the 100-mg IV iron group was 35,706 ± 21,637 IU, compared to 26,382 ± 14,983 IU in the 200-mg group (P = 0.03). IDA was found in twelve patients (30%) in the 100-mg group and four patients (10.5%) in the 200-mg group (P = 0.05). In each group, three patients died (P = 0.9). Hospitalization, venous access thrombosis, and infection rates were similar in both groups. The withholding rate of IV iron was higher in 200-mg group (25% vs. 64.1%), but the protocol compliance was found more in 100-mg group (50% vs. 28.2%) (P = 0.001). In conclusion, monthly 200-mg IV iron infusions significantly reduce ESA doses but have a higher withholding rate. (Funded by the Kidney Foundation of Thailand and the Research Group in Nephrology and Renal Replacement Therapy from the Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University).

Thai Clinical Trials Registry number, TCTR20190707001.
Breastfeeding competency and its influencing factors among pregnant women in third trimester pregnancy: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wu Yu , Liu Wenwen , Liu Xia , Li Yunfeng , Wang Ying , Chu Yanxin , Pi Qian , Zhao Xin , Lu Jinxiang , Wang Aihua
Published: January 2023

Competency is closely related to the occurrence of the behavior. Breastfeeding competence is the mastery of different breastfeeding factors which intervene in breastfeeding behavior. Breastfeeding competence could improve the breastfeeding behavior. However, few studies have paid attention to the status and the influencing factors of breastfeeding competency. The breastfeeding competency of pregnant women in third trimester pregnancy has the greatest impact on breastfeeding behavior after childbirth. Therefore, the objective of this study were to investigate the breastfeeding competency level and independent risk factors for breastfeeding competency among pregnant women in third trimester pregnancy. A cross-sectional survey method and convenience sampling method was used in the study. The general information questionnaire including age, gestational week, educational background, and so on were used to investigate the general information of pregnant women and their husbands. A breastfeeding competency scale (BCS) was used to investigate the breastfeeding competency of pregnant women. The total score of the BCS ranges from 38 to 190, with higher scores indicating greater breastfeeding competency. Lower level, medium level and higher level are 38–89, 90–140 and 141–190 respectively. Type-D Scale-14 (DS14) was used to investigate the type D personality of pregnant women. A multivariable linear regression was used to examine the independent predictors of breastfeeding competency. A total of 550 questionnaires were collected and finally 525 effective questionnaires were collected. The age of 525 pregnant women is (30.24 ± 3.954) years old. The breastfeeding competency score of pregnant women was (134 ± 19.741). Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that higher breastfeeding competency in pregnant women were reported among pregnant women who gestational age ≥ 256 days (37 weeks) (B = 8.494, p < 0.001), the previous breastfeeding experience were exclusive breastfeeding (B = 17.384, p < 0.001) and partial breastfeeding (B = 16.878, p < 0.001), participating in pregnant women school 2–3 times (B = 10.968, p = 0.013) and ≥ 5 times (B = 13.731, p = 0.034). Pregnant women with lower breastfeeding competency were found in women who were judged to have type D personality (B = − 6.358, p < 0.001). The result can explain 25.8% of the variation in the total breastfeeding competency score. This should be considered an important issue by maternal and child health care in the medical system that the moderate level of breastfeeding capacity among pregnant women. Differentiated and targeted breastfeeding support and services for pregnant women should be carried out based on influencing factors of breastfeeding competency.
Proposal of simplified CT syndesmophyte score (sCTSS) and comparison with CTSS in patients with ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Min Hong Ki , Kim Se Hee , Lee Sang-Heon , Kim Hae-Rim
Published: January 2023

The CT syndesmophyte score (CTSS) can evaluate spinal progression more precisely than mSASSS in ankylosing spondylitis (AS); however, it is complex and time consuming. Here, we propose a simplified CTSS (sCTSS) for measuring spinal structural changes in AS. Patients with AS were recruited from a single tertiary hospital. Baseline and 2-year follow-up whole spine CT images were used to calculate CTSS and sCTSS. The sCTSS used the anterior and posterior vertebral corners, and ranged 0–184. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated, as well as the smallest detectable changes. Fifty AS patients were included. For reader 1, the mean sCTSS at baseline and 2-year follow-up were 11.7 ± 14.6 and 15.8 ± 16.1, whereas those for reader 2 were 12.0 ± 12.5 and 15.8 ± 15.7, respectively. The ICCs for CTSS at baseline and at 2-year follow-up were 0.97 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.96–0.99) and 0.98 (0.97–0.99), respectively, and that for changes over the 2 years was 0.48 (95% CI 0.23–0.67). For sCTSS, the ICCs were 0.96 (95% CI 0.92–0.97), 0.97 (95% CI 0.94–0.98), and 0.58 (95% CI 0.36–0.74), respectively. Detection rates for syndesmophyte progression were comparable between CTSS and sCTSS. The detection rate for syndesmophytes on only lateral side was 13.2 and 11.4%, and 11.4 and 15.2% at baseline and 2-year follow-up (reader 1 and 2). sCTSS and CTSS showed similar detection rates for syndesmophyte progression. sCTSS may be a reliable method for evaluating spinal structural damage in AS.
Intrinsic chiral field as vector potential of the magnetic current in the zig-zag lattice of magnetic dipoles
Authors: Mellado Paula , Concha Andrés , Hofhuis Kevin , Tapia Ignacio
Published: January 2023

Chiral magnetic insulators manifest novel phases of matter where the sense of rotation of the magnetization is associated with exotic transport phenomena. Effective control of such phases and their dynamical evolution points to the search and study of chiral fields like the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction. Here we combine experiments, numerics, and theory to study a zig-zag dipolar lattice as a model of an interface between magnetic in-plane layers with a perpendicular magnetization. The zig-zag lattice comprises two parallel sublattices of dipoles with perpendicular easy plane of rotation. The dipolar energy of the system is exactly separable into a sum of symmetric and antisymmetric long-range exchange interactions between dipoles, where the antisymmetric coupling generates a nonlocal Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya field which stabilizes winding textures with the form of chiral solitons. The Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction acts as a vector potential or gauge field of the magnetic current and gives rise to emergent magnetic and electric fields that allow the manifestation of the magnetoelectric effect in the system.
Genomic landscape of 891 RET fusions detected across diverse solid tumor types
Authors: Parimi Vamsi , Tolba Khaled , Danziger Natalie , Kuang Zheng , Sun Daokun , Lin Douglas I. , Hiemenz Matthew C. , Schrock Alexa B. , Ross Jeffrey S. , Oxnard Geoffrey R. , Huang Richard S. P.
Published: January 2023

In this study, we report the clinicopathologic and genomic profiles of 891 patients with RET fusion driven advanced solid tumors. All patient samples were tested using a tissue-based DNA hybrid capture next generation sequencing (NGS) assay and a subset of the samples were liquid biopsies tested using a liquid-based hybrid capture NGS assay. RET fusions were found in 523 patients with NSCLC and in 368 patients with other solid tumors. The two tumor types with the highest number of RET fusion were lung adenocarcinoma and thyroid papillary carcinoma, and they had a prevalence rate 1.14% (455/39,922) and 9.09% (109/1199), respectively. A total of 61 novel fusions were discovered in this pan-tumor cohort. The concordance of RET fusion detection across tumor types among tissue and liquid-based NGS was 100% (8/8) in patients with greater than 1% composite tumor fraction (cTF). Herein, we present the clinicopathologic and genomic landscape of a large cohort of RET fusion positive tumors and we observed that liquid biopsy-based NGS is highly sensitive for RET fusions at cTF ≥1%.
Molecular mechanism of topoisomerase poisoning by the peptide antibiotic albicidin
Authors: Michalczyk Elizabeth , Hommernick Kay , Behroz Iraj , Kulike Marcel , Pakosz-Stępień Zuzanna , Mazurek Lukasz , Seidel Maria , Kunert Maria , Santos Karine , von Moeller Holger , Loll Bernhard , Weston John B. , Mainz Andi , Heddle Jonathan G. , Süssmuth Roderich D. , Ghilarov Dmitry
Published: January 2023

The peptide antibiotic albicidin is a DNA topoisomerase inhibitor with low-nanomolar bactericidal activity towards fluoroquinolone-resistant Gram-negative pathogens. However, its mode of action is poorly understood. We determined a 2.6 Å resolution cryoelectron microscopy structure of a ternary complex between Escherichia coli topoisomerase DNA gyrase, a 217 bp double-stranded DNA fragment and albicidin. Albicidin employs a dual binding mechanism where one end of the molecule obstructs the crucial gyrase dimer interface, while the other intercalates between the fragments of cleaved DNA substrate. Thus, albicidin efficiently locks DNA gyrase, preventing it from religating DNA and completing its catalytic cycle. Two additional structures of this trapped state were determined using synthetic albicidin analogues that demonstrate improved solubility, and activity against a range of gyrase variants and E. coli topoisomerase IV. The extraordinary promiscuity of the DNA-intercalating region of albicidins and their excellent performance against fluoroquinolone-resistant bacteria holds great promise for the development of last-resort antibiotics.
A high-throughput, 28-day, microfluidic model of gingival tissue inflammation and recovery
Authors: Gard Ashley L. , Luu Rebeccah J. , Maloney Ryan , Cooper Madeline H. , Cain Brian P. , Azizgolshani Hesham , Isenberg Brett C. , Borenstein Jeffrey T. , Ong Jane , Charest Joseph L. , Vedula Else M.
Published: January 2023

Nearly half of American adults suffer from gum disease, including mild inflammation of gingival tissue, known as gingivitis. Currently, advances in therapeutic treatments are hampered by a lack of mechanistic understanding of disease progression in physiologically relevant vascularized tissues. To address this, we present a high-throughput microfluidic organ-on-chip model of human gingival tissue containing keratinocytes, fibroblast and endothelial cells. We show the triculture model exhibits physiological tissue structure, mucosal barrier formation, and protein biomarker expression and secretion over several weeks. Through inflammatory cytokine administration, we demonstrate the induction of inflammation measured by changes in barrier function and cytokine secretion. These states of inflammation are induced at various time points within a stable culture window, providing a robust platform for evaluation of therapeutic agents. These data reveal that the administration of specific small molecule inhibitors mitigates the inflammatory response and enables tissue recovery, providing an opportunity for identification of new therapeutic targets for gum disease with the potential to facilitate relevant preclinical drug efficacy and toxicity testing.
TRPV3-ANO1 interaction positively regulates wound healing in keratinocytes
Authors: Yamanoi Yu , Lei Jing , Takayama Yasunori , Hosogi Shigekuni , Marunaka Yoshinori , Tominaga Makoto
Published: January 2023

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 (TRPV3) belongs to the TRP ion channel super family and functions as a nonselective cation channel that is highly permeable to calcium. This channel is strongly expressed in skin keratinocytes and is involved in warmth sensation, itch, wound healing and secretion of several cytokines. Previous studies showed that anoctamin1 (ANO1), a calcium-activated chloride channel, was activated by calcium influx through TRPV1, TRPV4 or TRPA1 and that these channel interactions were important for TRP channel-mediated physiological functions. We found that ANO1 was expressed by normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs). We observed that ANO1 mediated currents upon TRPV3 activation of NHEKs and mouse skin keratinocytes. Using an in vitro wound-healing assay, we observed that either a TRPV3 blocker, an ANO1 blocker or low chloride medium inhibited cell migration and proliferation through p38 phosphorylation, leading to cell cycle arrest. These results indicated that chloride influx through ANO1 activity enhanced wound healing by keratinocytes.
Combined metagenomic and metabolomic analyses reveal that Bt rice planting alters soil C-N metabolism
Authors: Li Peng , Ye Shuifeng , Chen Jun , Wang Luyao , Li Yujie , Ge Lei , Wu Guogan , Song Lili , Wang Cui , Sun Yu , Wang Jinbin , Pan Aihu , Quan Zhexue , Wu Yunfei
Published: January 2023

The environmental impacts of genetically modified (GM) plants remain a controversial global issue. To address these issues, comprehensive environmental risk assessments of GM plants is critical for the sustainable development and application of transgenic technology. In this paper, significant differences were not observed between microbial metagenomic and metabolomic profiles in surface waters of the Bt rice (T1C-1, the transgenic line) and non-Bt cultivars (Minghui 63 (the isogenic line) and Zhonghua 11 (the conventional japonica cultivar)). In contrast, differences in these profiles were apparent in the rhizospheres. T1C-1 planting increased soil microbiome diversity and network stability, but did not significantly alter the abundances of potential probiotic or phytopathogenic microorganisms compared with Minghui 63 and Zhonghua 11, which revealed no adverse effects of T1C-1 on soil microbial communities. T1C-1 planting could significantly alter soil C and N, probably via the regulation of the abundances of enzymes related to soil C and N cycling. In addition, integrated multi-omic analysis of root exudate metabolomes and soil microbiomes showed that the abundances of various metabolites released as root exudates were significantly correlated with subsets of microbial populations including the Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Gemmatimonadetes that were differentially abundant in T1C-1 and Mnghui 63 soils. Finally, the potential for T1C-1-associated root metabolites to exert growth effects on T1C-1-associated species was experimentally validated by analysis of bacterial cultures, revealing that Bt rice planting could selectively modulate specific root microbiota. Overall, this study indicate that Bt rice can directly modulate rhizosphere microbiome assemblages by altering the metabolic compositions of root exudates that then alters soil metabolite profiles and physiochemical properties. This study unveils the mechanistic associations of Bt plant-microorganism-environment, which provides comprehensive insights into the potential ecological impacts of GM plants.
Drawing liquid bridges from a thin viscous film
Authors: Garcia-Gonzalez Diana , Hack Michiel A. , Kappl Michael , Butt Hans-Jürgen , Snoeijer Jacco H.
Published: January 2023

A particle is trapped by the capillary forces in the meniscus after being brought into contact with a liquid film. We experimentally show that these capillary forces are time-dependent, highlighting the importance of dynamics on adhesion.
Harnessing the potential of oxygen-generating materials and their utilization in organ-specific delivery of oxygen
Authors: Nikolopoulos Vasilios K. , Augustine Robin , Camci-Unal Gulden
Published: January 2023

Oxygen-generating materials can be incorporated into three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds to enable the cells to receive and utilize oxygen efficiently.
Fruits and their phytochemicals in mitigating the ill effects of ionizing radiation: review on the existing scientific evidence and way forward
Authors: Raghu Shamprasad Varija , Rao Suresh , Kini Venkataramana , Kudva Avinash Kundadka , George Thomas , Baliga Manjeshwar Shrinath
Published: January 2023

Although helpful in treating cancer, exposure to ionizing radiation can sometimes cause severe side effects, negating its benefit.
Regulatory effect of dietary nitrate on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhang Yingrui , Zhang Haoyang , An Wei , Li Dan , Qin Lizheng
Published: January 2023

Dietary nitrate is beneficial for cardiovascular health. This meta-analysis included 19 randomized controlled trials that looked at the regulatory effect of inorganic nitrate on blood pressure in healthy people and hypertensive patients.
Effect of thermal treatments on the matrix components, inherent glycemic potential, and bioaccessibility of phenolics and micronutrients in pearl millet rotis
Authors: Ali Ansheef , Singh Tejveer , Kumar Ranjeet Ranjan , T. Vinutha , Kundu Aditi , Singh Sumer Pal , Meena Mahesh Chand , Satyavathi C. Tara , Praveen Shelly , Goswami Suneha
Published: January 2023

Pearl millet (PM) is a nutri-cereal rich in various macro and micronutrients required for a balanced diet.
l-Carnitine and synbiotic co-supplementation: beneficial effects on metabolic-endotoxemia, meta-inflammation, and oxidative-stress biomarkers in obese patients: a double blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial
Authors: Fallah Farnoush , Mahdavi Reza
Published: January 2023

l-carnitine and multi-strain synbiotic co-supplementation, ameliorated oxidative-stress, meta-inflammation, and metabolic-endotoxemia biomarkers in women with obesity. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
A stable superatomic Cu6(SMPP)6 nanocluster with dual emission
Authors: Wu Haiming , Anumula Rajini , Andrew Gaya N. , Luo Zhixun
Published: January 2023

We have synthesized single crystals of a highly stable Cu6 nanocluster protected by six ligands of 2-mercapto-5-n-propylpyrimidine (SMPP).
Recent advances in synthesis of stilbene derivativesviacross-coupling reaction
Authors: Doraghi Fatemeh , Yousefnejad Faeze , Farzipour Soghra , Aledavoud Seyedeh Pegah , Larijani Bagher , Mahdavi Mohammad
Published: January 2023

This review focuses on the methodology for the construction of stilbene and stilbene derivatives by C–C coupling reactions of organic compounds in the presence of transition metal catalysts or under metal-free conditions.
Hierarchical porous organic polymers via the in situ construction of the BINOL entity: versatile and efficacious adsorbents for multiple industrial toxic contaminants in water
Authors: Banerjee Flora , Samanta Suman Kalyan
Published: January 2023

A new synthetic protocol generates in situ BINOL moieties for novel BINOL-based porous polymers capturing multiple toxic micropollutants from water with ultrafast kinetics and maximum uptake of 1941 mg g−1.
Molecular layer-by-layer re-stacking of MoS2–In2Se3 by electrostatic means: assembly of a new layered photocatalyst
Authors: Ng Bryan K. Y. , Wong Cherie C. Y. , Niu Wentian , Garcia Hector P. , Li Yiyang , Ho Ping-Luen , Kuo Winson C. H. , Taylor Robert A. , Taniya Keita , Wei Qi , Li Mingjie , Stamatakis Michail , Tsang Shik Chi Edman
Published: January 2023

Selective assembly of monolayered MoS2 (A) and In2Se3 (B) in solution gives a controllable atomic AB-type layer stacking. A new class of photocatalysts can be tailor-made with high activity using this simple but inexpensive bottom-up solution method.
Application of LTA zeolite-modified electrode for sensitive detection of retinoic acid in tap water
Authors: Jiang Yuying , E Yifeng , Wei Pengyan , Wang Jia , Chen Peng , Wang Lei , Krenzel Thomas F. , Qian Kun , Tong Xiyuan
Published: January 2023

The LTA zeolite was coated on the GCE surface. RA was selectively adsorbed on the electrode and reacted on its surface, enhancing the electrochemical signal during the progress of DPV. The DPV results showed a good detection limit and recovery.
Fast and selective reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic separation of UO22+ and Th4+ ions using surface modified C18 silica monolithic supports with target specific ionophoric ligands
Authors: Kongasseri Aswanidevi , Madhesan Thirumalai , Mitra Suchashrita , Rao C. V. S. Brahmananda , Nagarajan Sivaraman , Chinaraga Pitchaiah Kancharlapalli , Deivasigamani Prabhakaran , Mohan Akhila Maheswari
Published: January 2023

Reprocessing nuclear-spent fuels is highly demanded for enhanced resource efficacy and removal of the associated radiotoxicity.
Serendipitous synthesis of cross-conjugated dienes by cascade deconstructive esterification of thiomorpholinone-tethered alkenoic acids
Authors: Farah Abdikani Omar , Garcia Jorge , Borg Claire , Beng Timothy K.
Published: January 2023

Versatile amino-1,3-dienes have been prepared in a stereocontrolled manner, by engaging thiomorpholinone-tethered alkenoic acids in a cascade process featuring base-mediated esterification, C–S bond cleavage, and concomitant 1,2-styryl migration.
Electrical transport properties of TiO2/MAPbI3 and SnO2/MAPbI3 heterojunction interfaces under high pressure
Authors: Li Yuqiang , Li Yuhong , Zhang Qiang , Liu Xiaofeng , Li Yuanjing , Xiao Ningru , Ning Pingfan , Wang Jingjing , Zhang Jianxin , Liu Hongwei
Published: January 2023

The electrical transport properties of SnO2(TiO2)/MAPbI3 (MA = CH3NH3+) heterojunction interfaces are investigated from ambient pressure to 20 GPa.
Dynamic response of red blood cells in health and disease
Authors: Hareendranath Sainath , Sathian Sarith P.
Published: January 2023

Recovery dynamics of healthy, schizont stage malaria-infected and type 2 diabetes mellitus cells revealing distinct mechanical responses, demonstrating applied forces to be a key biomarker in distinguishing healthy and diseased cells.
Recent progress in emulsion gels: from fundamentals to applications
Authors: Wan Chuchu , Cheng Quanyong , Zeng Min , Huang Caili
Published: January 2023

This article presents a systematic review of emulsion gels: from fundamentals to applications.
Water–alcohol–TiO2 dispersions as sustainable ink
Authors: Mikhailova Mariia A. , Tekle Tsegai H. , Bachinin Semyon V. , Smirnov Artyom A. , Pogosian Tamara N. , Milichko Valentin A. , Vinogradov Alexandr V. , Morozov Maxim I.
Published: January 2023

H2O–ROH–TiO2 dispersions cover a broad range of functional inks for several printing techniques.
Formation kinetics and physicochemical properties of mesoscopic Alpha-Synuclein assemblies modulated by sodium chloride and a distinct pulsed electric field
Authors: Wang Mengying , Thuenauer Roland , Schubert Robin , Gevorgyan Susanna , Lorenzen Kristina , Brognaro Hévila , Betzel Christian
Published: January 2023

Pulsed electric fields (EFs) and a NaCl gradient induce the formation of ordered mesoscopic Alpha-Synuclein (ASN) assemblies with red-shifted emission wavelengths and thermostability.
Stretchable superhydrophobic fluororubber fabricated by transferring mesh microstructures
Authors: Wang Jiwen , Zhang Yanbin , He Qiang
Published: January 2023

The prepared surface shows excellent superhydrophobicity and high water sliding angle even at large stretching strains.
Learning from mixed datasets: A monotonic image quality assessment model
Authors: Feng Zhaopeng , Zhang Keyang , Jia Shuyue , Chen Baoliang , Wang Shiqi
Published: January 2023

Deep learning based image quality assessment models usually learn to predict image quality from a single dataset, leading the model to overfit specific scenes. To account for this, mixed datasets training can be an effective way to enhance the generalization capability of the model. However, it is nontrivial to combine different image quality assessment datasets, as their quality evaluation criteria, score ranges, view conditions, as well as subjects are usually not shared during the image quality annotation. Instead of aligning the annotations, this paper proposes a monotonic neural network for image quality assessment model learning with different datasets combined.  In particular, this model consists of a dataset‐shared quality regressor and several dataset‐specific quality transformers. The quality regressor aims to obtain the perceptual quality of each image of each dataset and the quality transformer maps the perceptual quality to the corresponding annotation monotonically. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed learning strategy and the code is available at https://github.com/fzp0424/MonotonicIQA.
Temperature of quiet Sun small scale brightenings observed by EUI on board Solar Orbiter: Evidence for a cooler component
Authors: Dolliou A. , Parenti S. , Auchère F. , Bocchialini K. , Pelouze G. , Antolin P. , Berghmans D. , Harra L. , Long D. M. , Schühle U. , Kraaikamp E. , Stegen K. , Verbeeck C. , Gissot S. , Aznar Cuadrado R. , Buchlin E. , Mierla M. , Teriaca L. , Zhukov A. N.
Published: January 2023

Context. On May 30, 2020, small and short-lived extreme-UV (EUV) brightenings in the quiet Sun were observed over a four-minute sequence by the EUV channel of the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager – High Resolution Imager (EUIHRIEUV) on board the Solar Orbiter. The brightenings’ physical origin and possible impact on coronal or transition region (TR) heating are still to be determined.

Aims. Our aim is to derive the statistical thermal evolution of these events in order to establish their coronal or TR origin.

Methods. Our thermal analysis took advantage of the multithermal sensitivity of the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory. We first identified the HRIEUV events in the six coronal bands of AIA. We then performed a statistical time lag analysis that quantified the delays between the light curves from different bands, as these time lags can give significant insight into the temperature evolution of the events. The analysis was performed taking into account the possible contribution of the background and foreground emissions to the results.

Results. For all nine couples of AIA bands analyzed, the brightening events are characterized by time lags inferior to the AIA cadence of 12 s. Our interpretation for these short time lags is the possible copresence of events that reach or do not reach coronal temperatures (≈1 MK). We believe that the cool population dominates the events analyzed in this work.
Supercritical colliding wind binaries
Authors: Abaroa Leandro , Romero Gustavo E. , Sotomayor Pablo
Published: January 2023

Context. Particle-accelerating colliding-wind binaries (PACWBs) are systems that are formed by two massive and hot stars and produce nonthermal radiation. The key elements of these systems are fast winds and the shocks that they create when they collide. Binaries with nonaccreting young pulsars have also been detected as nonthermal emitters, again as a consequence of the wind–wind interaction. Black holes might produce nonthermal radiation by this mechanism if they accrete at super-Eddington rates. In such cases, the disk is expected to launch a radiation-driven wind, and if this wind has an equatorial component, it can collide with the companion star yielding a PACWB. These systems are supercritical colliding wind binaries.

Aims. We aim to characterize the particle acceleration and nonthermal radiation produced by the collision of winds in binary systems composed of a superaccreting black hole and an early-type star.

Methods. We estimated the terminal velocity of the disk-driven wind by calculating the spatial distribution of the radiation fields and their effect on disk particles. We then found the location of the wind collision region and calculated the timescales of energy gain and losses of relativistic particles undergoing diffusive particle acceleration. With this information, we were able to compute the associated spectral energy distribution of the radiation. We calculated a number of specific models with different parameters to explore this scenario.

Results. We find that the interaction of winds can produce nonthermal emission from radio up to tens of GeV, with luminosities in the range of ∼1033–1035 erg s−1, which for the most part are contributed by electron synchrotron and inverse Compton radiation.

Conclusions. We conclude that supercritical colliding wind binaries, such as some ultraluminous X-ray sources and some Galactic X-ray binaries, are capable of accelerating cosmic rays and producing nonthermal electromagnetic emission from radio to γ-rays, in addition to the thermal components.
Massive galaxy formation caught in action at z ∼ 5 with JWST
Authors: Jin Shuowen , Sillassen Nikolaj B. , Magdis Georgios E. , Vijayan Aswin P. , Brammer Gabriel B. , Kokorev Vasily , Weaver John R. , Gobat Raphael , Giménez-Arteaga Clara , Valentino Francesco , Brinch Malte , Gómez-Guijarro Carlos , Shuntov Marko , Toft Sune , Greve Thomas R. , Blanquez Sese David
Published: January 2023

We report the discovery of a compact group of galaxies, CGG-z5, at z ∼ 5.2 in the EGS field covered by the JWST/CEERS survey. CGG-z5 was selected as the highest overdensity of galaxies at z >  2 in recent JWST public surveys and it consists of six candidate members lying within a projected area of 1.5″ × 3″ (10×20 kpc2). All group members are HST/F435W and HST/F606W dropouts while securely detected in the JWST/NIRCam bands, yielding a narrow range of robust photometric redshifts 5.0 <  z <  5.3. The most massive galaxy in the group has a stellar mass log(M*/M⊙)≈9.8, while the rest are low-mass satellites (log(M*/M⊙)≈8.4–9.2). While several group members were already detected in the HST and IRAC bands, the low stellar masses and the compactness of the structure required the sensitivity and resolution of JWST for its identification. To assess the nature and evolutionary path of CGG-z5, we searched for similar compact structures in the EAGLE simulations and followed their evolution with time. We find that all the identified structures merge into a single galaxy by z = 3 and form a massive galaxy (log(M*/M⊙)> 11) at z ∼ 1. This implies that CGG-z5 could be a “proto-massive galaxy” captured during a short-lived phase of massive galaxy formation.
A neutron star candidate in the long-period binary 56 UMa
Authors: Escorza A. , Karinkuzhi D. , Jorissen A. , Van Eck S. , Schmelz J. T. , Verschuur G. L. , Boffin H. M. J. , De Rosa R. J. , Van Winckel H.
Published: January 2023

Context. 56 UMa is a wide binary system that contains a chemically peculiar red giant and a faint companion. Due to its surface chemical abundances, the red giant was classified as a barium (Ba) star. This implies that the companion has to be a white dwarf, since Ba stars form when mass is transferred to them from an s-process rich Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) star. However, in the case of 56 UMa, the companion might be too massive to be the progeny of an AGB star that efficiently produced s-process elements such as barium.

Aims. In this Letter, we revisit the orbital parameters of the system and perform a full spectral analysis with the goal of investigating the Ba-star classification of the giant and unravelling the nature of its faint companion.

Methods. We combined radial-velocity and astrometric data to refine the orbital parameters of the system, including the orbital inclination and the companion mass. Then, we re-determined the stellar parameters of the giant and its chemical abundances using high-resolution HERMES spectra. Finally, we investigated the morphology of the interstellar gas in the vicinity of the system.

Results. The faint component in 56 UMa has a mass of 1.31 ± 0.12 M⊙, which, together with the mixed s + r abundance profile of the red giant, confirms that the giant is not a standard barium star. Additionally, the clear identification of a cavity surrounding 56 UMa could indicate that a supernova explosion occurred about 105 years ago in the system, suggesting that the faint companion might be a neutron star. However, finding an evolutionary scenario that explains all the observables is not trivial, so we discuss different possible configurations of the system and their respective merits.
Approximate internal controllability and synchronization of a coupled system of wave equations
Authors: Li Tatsien , Rao Bopeng
Published: January 2023

Based on the uniqueness of solution to a coupled system of wave equations associated with incomplete internal observations, we establish the approximate internal synchronization by groups, the induced internal synchronization and the approximate internal synchronization in the pinning sense.
GIS preprocessing for rainfall-runoff modeling using HEC-HMS in Nekkor watershed (Al-Hoceima, Northern Morocco)
Authors: El Yousfi Yassine , Himi Mahjoub , El Ouarghi Hossain , Aqnouy Mourad , Benyoussef Said , Gueddari Hicham , Ait Hmeid Hanane , Alitane Abdennabi , Chahban Mohamed , Bourdan Soukaina , Riouchi Ouassila , Hamza Ngadi , Tahiri Ayoub
Published: January 2023

All Discharge data are among the most critical factors that must be considered when evaluating the management of water resources in a watershed. Simulation of rainfall-runoff is therefore an important element in assessing the impacts of serious flooding. In the present study, rainfall-runoff in the Nekkor watershed in Al Hoceima province was simulated using GIS, remote sensing and the Hydrologic Engineering Center Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) model. The applicability, capacity and suitability of this model for rainfall runoff in the watershed were examined. The watershed parameters were generated using (HEC-GeoHMS) and ArcGIS. The model was calibrated using a daily data set that occurred in the watershed between 2003 and 2007, the validation period was from 2009 to 2012. Model performance was evaluated using a variety of different statistical indices to study the response and impact of rainfall-runoff. Model parameters were changed and calibration was performed using the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number loss method. Consistent and satisfactory performance in terms of peak discharge, total flood volume, timing of peak discharge and overall hydrograph adjustment effect was found. The determination coefficient (R2) for the validation period reached 0.73 versus 0.71 for the calibration period. The root mean square error (RMSE) is within the acceptable range. The relative bias (RE) demonstrates an overestimation in the calibration period and an underestimation in the validation period in the peak flows. These results will help decision makers to better manage water resources in this watershed and mitigate flood risks.
A Mild Method for the Replacement of a Hydroxyl Group by Halogen: 4. Practical Synthesis of Cyclic β-Halovinylketones under Neutral Conditions
Authors: Ghosez Léon , Munyemana François
Published: January 2023

The replacement of a hydroxyl group by a halogen is a pivotal organic functional group transformation. Existing procedures often require acidic conditions or lack sustainability and atom economy. We have previously shown that tetramethyl-α-haloenamines (TMXE) or 2,2-dimethyl-1-halo-1-diisopropylamines (DIXE) react with a wide variety of hydroxyl-containing molecules to yield the corresponding halides under very mild conditions and with high atom economy. We now show that the deoxyhalogenation reactions of the enol tautomers of cyclic1,3-diketones and of 2-hydroxymethylene cycloketones can also be performed with TMCE or DIXE to yield β-halo-α,β-unsaturated ketones in excellent yields. The reactions are regioselective and in some cases stereoselective. The reaction is also successful with acetylacetone but the yield is only moderate. β-Ketoesters are not reactive. The method favorably compares to the best existing methods: It is more general, occurs under very mild conditions, which should allow acid-sensitive functional groups such as ketals, esters, ethers, etc., to be tolerated, and, above all, is quite sustainable (no toxic reagents or products).
Adhesive tapes: From daily necessities to flexible smart electronics
Authors: He Xuecheng , Wang Wenyu , Yang Shijie , Zhang Feilong , Gu Zhen , Dai Bing , Xu Tailin , Huang Yan Yan Shery , Zhang Xueji
Published: January 2023

Imprinting “sticky” features on the surfaces of common non-sticky flexible materials, such as paper, textile, and polymeric films produces a myriad of adhesive tapes that we use in our daily lives. Recently, the rise of flexible electronics has harnessed the distinct adhesive behavior of adhesive tapes to achieve special scientific and engineering purposes. In this review, recent advances including the structures, properties, mechanisms, and functionalities of adhesive tapes and relevant flexible smart electronics are summarized. We provide a key focus on how the distinct adhesive behavior of adhesive tapes contributes to the redesign and engineering of flexible electronics via physical and/or chemical modifications. The applications of these flexible smart electronics enabled by adhesive tapes are widespread, including high-performance sensors, energy storage/conversion devices, medical and healthcare patches, etc. Finally, we discuss unmet needs and current challenges in the development of adhesive tape-enabled materials and techniques for flexible electronics. With ongoing material and technical innovations, adhesive tape-related electronic products are expected to revolutionize our lifestyle and lead us into the era of artificial intelligence.
Experimental investigation of fountains in homogeneous fluid with coexistent temperature and concentration effects using PIV/PLIF
Authors: Xia Yaowen , Chen Juan
Published: January 2023

Fountains formed due to the injection into homogeneous fluids with the combined effect of temperature and concentration occur widely in nature and in environmental improvement and industrial applications such as brine water discharge, living sewage disposal, release of waste hot gases into the atmosphere from chimneys, solar desalination discharge, and sewage wastewater discharge for agriculture irrigation. In this study, the behavior of round fountains with salt water as a homogeneous ambient fluid in a transparent glass tank over 0.25 ≤ FrT ≤ 2.0, 0 ≤ N ≤ 5.0, and 47 ≤ Re ≤ 824 was studied using particle image velocimetry/planar laser-induced fluorescence (PIV/PLIF). The recorded PIV/PLIF images provide a better understanding of the transient behavior and intrinsic laws of buoyant jets in an ambient fluid and optimally use their transport mechanisms and entrainment characteristics in environmental improvement and industrial applications. Scaling for the initial maximum fountain height at the development stage, the obtained scaling correlation from the experimental results is consistent with previous results from direct numerical simulation results.
Herringbone micromixers for particle filtration
Authors: Binsley Jacob L. , Myers Thomas O. , Pagliara Stefano , Ogrin Feodor Y.
Published: January 2023

Herringbone micromixers are a powerful tool for introducing advection into microfluidic systems. While these mixers are typically used for mixing fluids faster than the rate of diffusion, there has been recent interest in using the device to enhance interactions between suspended particles and channel walls. We show how the common approximations applied to herringbone micromixer theory can have a significant impact on results. We show that the inclusion of gravity can greatly alter the interaction probability between suspended particles and channel walls. We also investigate the proposed impedance matching condition and the inclusion of imperfect binding using numerical methods, and investigate transient behaviors using an experimental system. These results indicate that while traditional methods, such as simple streamline analysis, remain powerful tools, it should not be considered predictive in the general case.