bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uric acid and left ventricular hypertrophy: a gender-based meta-analysis of echocardiographic studies
Authors: Gherbesi Elisa , Faggiano Andrea , Sala Carla , Carugo Stefano , Grassi Guido , Tadic Marijana , Cuspidi Cesare
Published: September 2023

Aim:

Gender-based evidence on the association between serum uric acid (SUA) and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), as assessed by echocardiography, is still based on single studies. Thus, we performed a systematic meta-analysis of echocardiographic studies in order to provide an updated and comprehensive information on this issue.

Methods:

The PubMed, OVID-MEDLINE, and Cochrane library databases were analyzed to search English-language articles published from the inception up to March 31, 2023. Studies were identified by using MeSH terms and crossing the following search items: ‘uric acid’, ‘hyperuricemia’, ‘left ventricular mass’, ‘left ventricular hypertrophy’, ‘echocardiography’, ‘female’, ‘male’.

Results:

Six studies including 2791 normotensive and hypertensive individuals were considered for the analysis. In women, increasing values of SUA were associated with progressively higher values of age, body mass index (BMI) and systolic blood pressure (SBP). This was not the case for men. In women, the meta-analysis comparing LV mass index (LVMI) in low versus high SUA group showed a greater pooled LVMI in the high SUA group [standard means difference (SMD): 0.81 ± 0. 24, confidence interval (CI) 0.34–1.27, P < 0.0001]. On the contrary, in men no statistical difference was found between the low group and high SUA group (SMD: 0.27 ± 0.27, CI: −0.27/0.81, P = 0.32).

Conclusions:

Our meta-analysis suggests that hyperuricemia portends the likely presence of increased LVMI in women but not in men. However, as hyperuricemia in the female pooled population, different from men, was associated with older age, higher BMI and SBP, the present findings do not support an independent role of the SUA in LV remodelling process in women.
Clinical Investigation of Flat Pack Toric Contact Lenses and Wearer Attitudes to Environmental Impact
Authors: Ghorbani-Mojarrad Neema , Rountree Lindsay , Terry Louise , Bruce Heather , Hallam Emily , Jolly Louise , Retallic Neil , Evans Katharine
Published: September 2023

Objectives:

To investigate the performance of a novel flat pack toric daily disposable contact lens compared with traditionally packaged toric lenses in a randomized, crossover study. Environmental attitudes to contact lens wear were also explored.

Methods:

Habitual contact lens wearers were recruited to wear a hioxifilcon A (Miru 1 day Flat Pack Toric, Menicon, Nagoya, Japan) test lens and a control lens: either nelfilcon A (Dailies AquaComfort Plus, Alcon, Geneva, Switzerland) or etafilcon A (1-Day Acuvue Moist, Johnson & Johnson, New Brunswick, NJ). Objective lens performance was assessed at fitting, and participants wore lenses in a randomized order for three consecutive days. Subjective measures of lens performance (comfort, vision, and handling) were then assessed by a questionnaire, with further questions on overall lens preference and environmental perceptions.

Results:

Objective measures of lens fit were similar for the test and control lenses, except for distance VA which was better with the control lenses (P<0.05; difference of two logMAR letters). End of day comfort was greater with the test lens, but this did not reach significance. Both lenses demonstrated similar scores for overall satisfaction. 87.5% of participants indicated the environmental impact of contact lenses to be important/extremely important to them, with 100% of participants identifying the flat pack packaging as having a smaller environmental impact.

Conclusion:

Overall, the lenses used in the study performed to similar levels. Environmental credentials are important to contact lens wearers, which may contribute to overall lens preference.
Comparison of Effects of Prefabricated Soft Wrist Orthosis and Conventional Wrist Thermoplastic Splint on Symptoms of Carpel Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Chan Sam Chi Chung , Tsoi Tom Chun Wai , Yip Chiu Tai , Ho Lisa , Chen William Pang Wai , Cheung Don Hoi Lam , Ho Toby Sheung Lai , Ng Anthony Hoi Kwan , Ng Zeke Ka Hin , Wong Samuel Chi Ho
Published: September 2023

Introduction

The aim of this study was to examine the short-term effectiveness of a prefabricated wrist orthosis compared with a custom-made wrist orthosis and its long-term effectiveness on alleviating carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) symptoms.

Materials and Methods

A total of 109 patients with mild and moderate CTS were prescribed with either a prefabricated wrist or a custom-made wrist orthosis, and the changes in their mean scores on the Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Symptom Severity Scale (CTSSSS) at baseline and the eighth week follow-up. The changes in CTSSSS scores of those prescribed with the prefabricated wrist orthosis were compared with the 32nd week postintervention.

Results

Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant effect at both mean CTSSSS and subscale scores (P < 0.001). Both prefabricated wrist orthosis (n = 88) and custom-made wrist orthosis (n = 21) were shown to alleviate CTS symptoms at the first follow-up. Repeated-measures ANOVA showed significant differences after the long-term application of the prefabricated wrist orthosis (n = 62) in terms of CTSSSS score, daytime numbness, nighttime numbness, and nocturnal awakening (P = 0.005–0.029).

Clinical Relevance

Along with the conventional thermoplastic splint, the prefabricated soft wrist orthosis could serve as an appropriate alternative to alleviate neurological symptoms of CTS due to its better long-term compliance.
Re-sleeve gastrectomy is a safe and sensible intervention in selected patients - retrospective cohort study
Authors: El Khoury Lionel , Catheline Jean-Marc , Taher Malak , Roussel Joel , Bendacha Yasmina , Romero Rodolfo , Dbouk Rami , Cohen Regis
Published: September 2023

Introduction:

Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is a good treatment intervention to control metabolic syndrome in patients with obesity worldwide. However, weight regain is of great concern and would usually necessitate a re-intervention. In recent years, re-sleeve gastrectomy (ReSG) has been proposed to treat weight regain in the context of a large residual stomach. Our objective was to analyze the long-term results and safety profile of this intervention in a large case series.

Methods:

From September 2010 to March 2021, a retrospective cohort study in a tertiary non-university hospital was performed. Seventy-nine patients received a ReSG by laparoscopy. Pre-operative radiologic imaging showed a dilation of the gastric pouch exceeding 250 cc in all cases.

Results:

A total of seventy-nine patients (87% females) with a mean age of 44.8 years old and a mean Body Mass Index (BMI) of 40.0 kg/m2 were enrolled in the study. The mean follow-up was 44.8 months. The ReSG indication was insufficient weight loss in 37 patients (46.8%) and weight regain in 39 patients (53.2%). We noticed a 10.1% complications rate: gastric stenosis (5.1%), bleeding (2.5%), and incisional site hernia in 2.5%, with no death. There was no gastric fistula detected. The mean BMI decreased to 33.1 kg/m2 after ReSG (a decrease of 6.9 kg/m2).

Conclusion:

After insufficient weight loss or weight regain following sleeve gastrectomy and in presence of localized or global gastric tube dilation, ReSG seems to be a good treatment choice and a safe procedure.
The role of 18F-FDG-PET/CT in the management of differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Haidar Mohamad , Kassas Mutaz , Chehade Feras , Chahinian Rita , Abi-Ghosn Jean , Haddad Marwan M.
Published: September 2023

Introduction

In previous literature, 18F-FDG-PET/ CT imaging significantly impacted differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) therapy. Low thyroglobulin (Tg) levels and negative Iodine-131 (131I) whole-body scan (WBS), along with negative 18F-FDG-PET/ CT, suggested a lesser likelihood of active illness. Positive 18F-FDG-PET/CT findings, however, were associated with a variety of signs of local recurrence and regional or distant metastases in patients with suspected WBS. We aim to evaluate the utility of 18F-FDG-PET/CT in managing DTC patients with negative 131I post-therapy WBS and elevated Tg.

Material and methods

We retrospectively reviewed 55 patients with DTC (76% papillary and 24% follicular). Patients underwent total thyroidectomy or several radioactive iodine (RAI) treatments or both. WBS was performed 5–7 days after RAI treatment. Inclusion criteria were elevated serum Tg, negative anti-Tg auto-antibodies (AbTg) during long-term follow-up, presence of 18F-FDG-PET/CT images, and negative or suspicious WBS.

Results

54% of 18F-FDG-PET/CTs detected at least one lesion, mainly, cervical lymph nodes (49.9%), mediastinal lymph nodes (40.4%), local recurrence (34%), and bone or tissue metastasis (36.2%). The three major sites of metastasis were lung, bone, and liver. 18F-FDG-PET/CT identified recurrence or metastasis in 45% of patients with high serum Tg and negative WBS, modifying therapeutic management in half the patients for suitable treatment modality (surgery vs. tyrosine kinase inhibitor).

Conclusion

The findings redemonstrate that elevated Tg with negative or suspicious WBS necessitates 18F-FDG-PET/CT for localization of recurrence.18F-FDG-PET/CT is useful in managing locally recurrent or metastatic DTC with high Tg levels. It influences treatment and accurately assesses disease severity.
Whole Foods Introduction Associated With Symptomatic Anastomotic Ulceration in Children With Short Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Zong Wenjing , Salich Juan , Kastl Arthur , Kirsch Jacqueline , Albenberg Lindsey , Bales Christina
Published: September 2023

Objectives:

Anastomotic ulceration (AU) is a rare but life-threatening complication of pediatric short bowel syndrome (SBS). AUs may be challenging to detect and refractory to treatment. This study aimed to identify features associated with symptomatic bleeding AUs in children with SBS and factors that may impact resolution of bleeding. The relationship between dietary changes and symptomatic anastomotic hemorrhage was also explored.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective chart review of 381 patients cared for in the Intestinal Rehabilitation Program at our center from 2013 to 2022. Patients with symptomatic AUs were identified based on at least 1 endoscopic procedure showing AUs and evidence of clinically significant gastrointestinal bleeding. We collected patient demographics, clinical characteristics, dietary history, radiologic imaging, and histopathology. We used descriptive statistics to identify patterns of presentation.

Results:

AUs were identified in 22 patients who were followed for a median duration of 2.9 years after anastomotic ulcer identification. AUs uniformly evolved years after the initial anastomosis (median 3.2 years). Characteristics included bowel stricture (4/22), small bowel-colon anastomosis (19/22), partial colectomy (17/22), and an increase in whole foods fraction (12/18). Bleeding resolved with operative intervention in the majority with anastomotic stricture (3/4). Recurrent bleeding was common in those without stricture (13/18). In a subset of patients without stricture, whole food reduction was associated with improvement or resolution of bleeding (5/6).

Conclusions:

We observed a higher proportion of patients with AUs who responded to surgical intervention in the subset of children with definitive anastomotic strictures versus those without, suggesting that careful characterization of intestinal anatomy may be critical to predicting response to therapy. We also observed that bleeding from AU typically first manifested within 1 year of a shift from elemental or hydrolyzed enteral formula to a whole food-based diet (including commercial blenderized feeds), which may indicate that components of the enteral diet play a role in the pathogenesis of AU. Further studies are needed to validate these hypotheses.
Could trochanteric pelvic stabilization be removed from the adolescent idiopathic scoliosis brace? A prospective pilot study
Authors: Peuchot Charline , Cassoudesalle Hélène , David Romain , Jourdan Louca , Glize Bertrand , de Seze Mathieu
Published: September 2023

Background:

Idiopathic scoliosis is the most common musculoskeletal deformity in children. There is a dose-response relationship between compliance and improvement in scoliosis. The literature revealed that esthetic considerations have negative consequences on the quality of life (QOL) of patients and consequently on wearing time of the brace. To minimize esthetic problems and then increase QOL and wearing time, we proposed a new relay brace named “corset Collerette” without a pelvic-trochanteric base.

Methods:

A prospective cohort study was conducted in the rehabilitation department of Bordeaux University Hospital. Patients consulting for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis were registered in a prospective hospital database. The patients expressing unwillingness to wear the usual brace or who had decreased compliance were offered the corset Collerette and were included in a 3-month follow-up. Outcome measures assessed at baseline and at 3 months were Scoliosis Research Society Outcomes Questionnaire (SRS-22) and Brace Questionnaire scales and wearing time. Cobb's angle evolution since the start of bracing was also collected. The primary end point was the QOL assed by the SRS-22 scale at 3 months of follow-up.

Results:

The first 38 patients agreeing to wear the corset Collerette were included in the study. The QOL assessed by the SRS-22 was significantly improved with the corset Collerette (p < 0.05). There was no significant increase in wearing time and thoracic Cobb's angles between baseline and follow-up (p > 0.05).

Conclusion:

The switch to the corset Collerette allowed an improvement in the QOL of the patients and avoid a decrease in compliance with wearing the brace and maintain the same in-brace Cobb's angles.
Trends in Time Spent Viremic Among Persons Newly Diagnosed With HIV in San Francisco
Authors: Hughes Alison J. , Nimbal Vani , Hsu Ling , Schwarcz Sandra , Scheer Susan
Published: September 2023

Objective:

To examine trends in time spent viremic and initiation into antiretroviral treatment (ART) among persons newly diagnosed with HIV in San Francisco.

Methods:

Using HIV surveillance data, we included persons diagnosed with HIV during 2012–2020, a San Francisco resident at HIV diagnosis, alive 12 months after HIV diagnosis, and had ≥2 viral load tests within 12 months after diagnosis. Percent person-time spent (pPT) >200, pPT >1500, and pPT >10,000 copies per milliliter was calculated during the 12 months after HIV diagnosis. Multivariate regression models assessed the year of diagnosis and time spent above each viral threshold and year of diagnosis and ART initiation within 0–7 days (rapid), 8–365 days (delayed), or no ART initiation.

Results:

Of 2471 new HIV diagnoses in San Francisco from 2012 to 2020, 1921 (72%) were included. Newly diagnosed persons spent a mean of 40.4% pPT >200, 32.4% pPT >1,500%, and 23.4% pPT >10,000 copies per milliliter; 33.8% had rapid ART initiation, 57.3% delayed, and 9% had no ART initiation. After adjustment, persons diagnosed in years 2014–2015, 2016–2017, 2018–2019, and 2020 were associated with less time spent above all viral thresholds and lower risk of delayed or no ART initiation compared with those diagnosed in 2012–2013. Greater time above thresholds correlated with injection drug use, ages 25–29 and 30–39 years, and homelessness.

Conclusions:

Percent time spent above each viremic level decreased significantly, whereas rapid ART initiation increased among newly diagnosed persons from 2014 through 2020 compared with 2012–2013. Population differences in time spent unsuppressed highlight the need for targeted interventions to reduce new HIV infections and improve health.
Developing an Inclusive Generation of HIV Researchers Through Diversity and Community
Authors: Flores Justino J. , Huang Shihui , Sawyer Simone , Thomas Miracle , Venegas Luz , Burke Mark W. , Blankenship Kim M. , Wutoh Anthony K.
Published: September 2023

Background:

The DC Center for AIDS Research Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Pathway Initiative (CDEIPI) is designed to increase the number of underrepresented minority (URM) students engaged in HIV research by providing an opportunity to participate in research and developing a sense of self-efficacy and community.

Setting:

Currently in its second year, the program provides high school (HS) and undergraduate (UG) URM students (CFAR scholars) HIV mentored-research opportunities, and a range of professional development, outreach, and volunteer opportunities meant to build a sense of community and promote self-efficacy. A near-peer mentoring program, led by graduate students leads (GSL), was added in the second year to enhance community building.

Methods:

We conducted a descriptive evaluation of the program using both individual surveys distributed to program participants and a series of focus groups conducted with current HS and UG scholars, and GSL.

Results:

Based on initial evaluation results, this program was able to recruit a diverse group of scholars who have persisted in mentored HIV research, increased interests in pursuing careers in HIV research and care, developed research competencies, and increased confidence and self-efficacy.

Conclusion:

Our long-term goal is to build on this program by annually recruiting new cohorts, providing multiyear support to UG scholars, and developing additional evaluation tools to measure program impacts on the career trajectories of program participants, and identify program characteristics associated with those impacts.
An Overview of Miami CDEIPI and a Showcase of Team Science and Cutting-Edge Research Driven by Students
Authors: Pallikkuth Suresh , Andre Mickensone , Owens Florida , Davis Sheldon , Chavez Jennifer , McDonald Christian , Raymond Andrea , El-Hage Nazira , Carrico Adam , Shembade Noula , Chen Zhibin , Pahwa Savita
Published: September 2023

Background:

The Miami-CFAR Diversity, Equity & Inclusion Pathway Initiative (Miami CDEIPI) is designed to promote a diverse scientific workforce that reflects the communities at the highest risk of HIV in South Florida.

Setting and Methods:

The focus of the Miami CDEIPI is to help train the next generation of Underrepresented Minorities (URM) and Black, Indigenous, People of Color (BIPOC) in HIV/AIDS-related research through a team science experience. The Miami CDEIPI objectives are to facilitate the interaction of URM/BIPOC students with the network of CFAR-affiliated investigators and to enable these students to access the cutting-edge technologies at the Miami-CFAR and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and other resources at the University of Miami.

Results:

Five URM/BIPOC students supported by the program in year 1 have been carrying out projects in collaboration with mentors at their parent institution and Miami-CFAR investigators. The students used the state-of-the-art laboratories and core facilities. They began their research with a proposal designed to integrate the cutting-edge technologies now available to them. Their training included participation in Miami-CFAR–sponsored activities such as seminars, an annual conference, and a national HIV workshop. Candidates in the Miami CDEIPI are in the process of developing their research proposals, integrating cutting-edge technologies into their doctoral dissertation research. Their projects are now in the completion phase.

Conclusions:

The Miami CDEIPI focuses its resources on one of the conspicuous gaps in the career paths of URM/BIPOC researchers—the dearth of leading URM/BIPOC scientists in the field. The Miami CDEIPI provides a professional network that supports the participation of URM/BIPOC trainees in innovative research and career skill training.
RING Program: The CFAR Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Pathway Initiative
Authors: Sluis-Cremer Nicolas , Traverso Avilés Edwin E. , González Orestes Quesada , Ríos-Velázquez Carlos , Ortiz-Bermudez Patricia , Ross Robert , Levine Alan D.
Published: September 2023

Background:

Case Western Reserve University (CWRU)/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center in Cleveland, OH, and the University of Pittsburgh (Pitt) in Pittsburgh, PA, forged a strategic alliance to form the Rustbelt Center for AIDS Research. The Rustbelt Center for AIDS Research developed a National Institutes of Health–supported diversity, equity, and inclusion pathway initiative termed the “Rustbelt Investigators for the Next Generation (RING) Program” that provides research training experiences for Puerto Rican students that will help them pursue a biomedical research career in HIV.

Setting:

The RING Program provides 10-week research training experiences in different disciplines of HIV/AIDS for under-represented minority undergraduate and masters students from 4 campuses (Río Piedras, Mayagüez, Humacao, and Cayey) at the University of Puerto Rico. Mentors are drawn from both CWRU and Pitt.

Results:

The RING Program recently completed our first wave of recruitment. Recruitment sessions were either virtual or on site at the University of Puerto Rico campuses and included an overview presentation, a Q&A session, and in-person interviews. We interviewed 32 eligible applicants and accepted 10 into the program, of which 9 were female. Five students were matched with faculty at CWRU and 5 with faculty at Pitt.

Conclusions:

The RING Program is a comprehensive program in laboratory and implementation science that aims to enhance under-represented Hispanic undergraduate and masters students' passion for pursuing a biomedical research career in HIV.
Accelerating Research Careers in Science Through Early Mentored Research Experiences for Undergraduates and Masters' Students at the University of California, San Francisco Center for AIDS Research
Authors: Sauceda John A. , Watabe Joseph , Sterling Lauren , Fuchs Jonathan , Parangan-Smith Audrey , Uwaezuoke Kelechi , Gandhi Monica , Marquez Carina
Published: September 2023

Background:

Investments early in the academic pathway are essential to increasing the diversity of the HIV research workforce. Applied mentored research experiences can advance research skills, self-efficacy, and retention in science among scholars considered to be underrepresented minorities.

Setting:

The UCSF Center for AIDS Research Scholars Program is a 16-week program that pairs URM undergraduate and masters-level students from San Francisco State University with URM investigators from the UCSF. The program includes one-on-one mentorship on an independent research project, a core-curriculum on research methods and HIV-specific topics, and clinical shadowing.

Methods:

We evaluated program outcomes and areas for improvement with preprogram and postprogram survey and qualitative data from scholars and mentors from June to October 2022. Outcomes included interest in HIV research and growth on a 20-item measure of research skills, knowledge, and confidence.

Results:

Six URM scholars enrolled in the inaugural cohort and were paired with 6 mentors. Preprogram and postprogram evaluations showed gains in interest in HIV research, 0% preprogram and 100% of scholars postprogram reporting much or extensive interest in HIV research, and gains across all domains from self-confidence, skills, and clarification of a research career path. Qualitative findings noted the importance of peer support and interpersonal features of mentors, including treating them like equals. Areas for improvement included more opportunities for primary data collection and specific training around mentoring undergraduates for mentors.

Conclusions:

The UCSF Center for AIDS Research Scholars Program was successful in building foundational skills, knowledge, confidence, and interest in HIV research among URM undergraduates and masters-level students.
Early Engagement in HIV Research: Evaluation of the Penn CFAR Scholars Program Aimed at Increasing Diversity of the HIV/AIDS Workforce
Authors: Kreider Edward F. , Ortega-Burgos Yohaniz , Dumeng-Rodriguez Jeriel , Gesualdi James , O'Brien Caroline , Bracy Danny , Johnson Jeanene , Bowman Jacqui , Metzger David , Dine C. Jessica , Favor Kevin , Jordan-Sciutto Kelly L. , Momplaisir Florence
Published: September 2023

Background:

Demographic diversity is not represented in the HIV/AIDS workforce. Engagement of underrepresented trainees as early as high school may address this disparity.

Methods:

We established the Penn Center for AIDS Research (CFAR) Scholars Program, a mentored research experience for underrepresented minority (URM) trainees spanning educational stages from high school to medical school. The program provides participants with tailored educational programming, professional skill building, and mentored research experiences. We conducted qualitative interviews with scholar, mentor, and leadership groups to evaluate the program's impact.

Results:

Eleven participants were selected to partake in 1 of 5 existing mentored research programs as CFAR scholars. Scholars attended an 8-week HIV Seminar Series that covered concepts in the basic, clinical, behavioral, and community-based HIV/AIDS research. Program evaluation revealed that scholars’ knowledge of HIV pathophysiology and community impact increased because of these seminars. In addition, they developed tangible skills in literature review, bench techniques, qualitative assessment, data analysis, and professional network building. Scholars reported improved academic self-efficacy and achieved greater career goal clarity. Areas for improvement included clarification of mentor–mentee roles, expectations for longitudinal mentorship, and long-term engagement between scholars. Financial stressors, lack of social capital, and structural racism were identified as barriers to success for URM trainees.

Conclusion:

The Penn CFAR Scholars Program is a novel mentored research program that successfully engaged URM trainees from early educational stages. Barriers and facilitators to sustained efforts of diversifying the HIV/AIDS workforce were identified and will inform future program planning.
An Insight into Genes Responsible for Fosfomycin Resistance Among Uropathogens of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria during Pregnancy; A North Indian Study
Authors: Khatoon Sajda , Sultan Asfia , Khan Fatima , Khan Tamkin , Singh Anuradha
Published: September 2023

Purpose: Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is a common finding during pregnancy. Effective antibiotic treatment could reduce its adverse effects on both mother and fetus. However, emerging antimicrobial resistance limits the treatment options. Fosfomycin might be a promising drug in this regard, as its resistance is still low. The aim of the study was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of fosfomycin in isolates causing ASB by disc diffusion & agar dilution (in selected isolates), determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by agar dilution in isolates resistant by disc diffusion and detect the genes responsible for fosfomycin resistance.
Material & Methods: This was a 2-year study carried in the Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College & Hospital (JNMCH), Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), Aligarh. Total 10252 urine samples from asymptomatic pregnant females (18-45 years) attending the antenatal care (ANC) outpatient department (OPD) were submitted. Identification of pathogen & antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) done as per standard methods of CLSI. There was phenotypic detection of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Other Staphylococcus species (MRSS), High level aminoglycoside resistance (HLAR), Vancomycin resistant Enterococci (VRE) & Carbapenem resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) etc. All the fosfomycin resistant isolates (by disk diffusion) were tested by agar dilution. Conventional PCR was performed for murA, fosA, uhpT & glpT genes on all resistant isolates.
Result: In this study, the prevalence of ASB among pregnant females was 1173(11.4%), in which Escherichia coli 495(42%) being the predominant organism. The overall sensitivity of fosfomycin among gram-positive cocci (GPC) & gram-negative bacilli (GNB) was 99% & 97.6% respectively. MRSA and MRSS accounted for 50 (66.6%) & 71 (76%) respectively. Highest rate of MIC >2048 µg/ml were shown by most isolates (mainly E. coli) on agar dilution. PCR studies revealed four E. coli strains possessed both murA (also present in 1 K. pneumoniae strain) & glpT genes. While only one isolate (E. faecalis) was positive for fosA gene. But none of the strain possessed uhpT gene.
Conclusion: According to this study, murA and glpT genes were more frequent than fosA. We cannot comment on the prevalence & regional distribution of fosfomycin resistant genes based on this prelimanary study. Therefore, more Indian studies should be carried out to create awareness about the presence of genes in a particular area.
Klebsiella pneumoniae co-harbouring bla
NDM-1
, armA and mcr-10 isolated from blood samples in Myanmar
Authors: Tada Tatsuya , Oshiro Satoshi , Watanabe Shin , Tohya Mari , Hishinuma Tomomi , Htoon Thi Thi , Tin Htay Htay , Kirikae Teruo
Published: September 2023

Background. The spread of

Enterobacteriaceae

coproducing carbapenemases, 16S rRNA methylase and mobile colistin resistance proteins (MCRs) has become a serious public health problem worldwide. This study describes two clinical isolates of

Klebsiella pneumoniae

coharbouring bla
IMP-1, armA and mcr-10.

Methods. Two clinical isolates of

K. pneumoniae

resistant to carbapenems and aminoglycosides were obtained from two patients at a hospital in Myanmar. Their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by broth microdilution methods. The whole-genome sequences were determined by MiSeq and MinION methods. Drug-resistant factors and their genomic environments were determined.

Results. The two

K. pneumoniae

isolates showed MICs of ≥4 and ≥1024 µg ml−1 for carbapenems and aminoglycosides, respectively. Two K. pneumonaie harbouring mcr-10 were susceptible to colistin, with MICs of ≤0.015 µg ml−1 using cation-adjusted Mueller–Hinton broth, but those for colistin were significantly higher (0.5 and 4 µg ml−1) using brain heart infusion medium. Whole-genome analysis revealed that these isolates coharboured bla
NDM-1, armA and mcr-10. These two isolates showed low MICs of 0.25 µg ml−1 for colistin. Genome analysis revealed that both bla
NDM-1 and armA were located on IncFIIs plasmids of similar size (81 kb). The mcr-10 was located on IncM2 plasmids of sizes 220 or 313 kb in each isolate. These two isolates did not possess a qseBC gene encoding a two-component system, which is thought to regulate the expression of mcr genes.

Conclusion. This is the first report of isolates of

K. pneumoniae

coharbouring bla
NDM-1, armA and mcr-10 obtained in Myanmar.
Low-dose interleukin 2 antidepressant potentiation in unipolar and bipolar depression: Safety, efficacy, and immunological biomarkers
Authors: Poletti Sara , Zanardi Raffaella , Mandelli Alessandra , Aggio Veronica , Finardi Annamaria , Lorenzi Cristina , Borsellino Giovanna , Carminati Matteo , Manfredi Elena , Tomasi Enrico , Spadini Sara , Colombo Cristina , Drexhage Hemmo A. , Furlan Roberto , Benedetti Francesco
Published: September 2023

Immune-inflammatory mechanisms are promising targets for antidepressant pharmacology. Based on reported immune cell abnormalities, we defined an antidepressant potentiation treatment with add-on low-dose interleukin 2 (IL-2), a T-cell growth factor of proven anti-inflammatory efficacy in autoimmune conditions, increasing thymic production of naïve CD4+ T cells, and possibly correcting the partial T cell defect observed in mood disorders. We performed a single-center, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II trial evaluating the safety, clinical efficacy and biological responses of low-dose IL-2 in depressed patients with MDD or BD. 36 consecutively recruited inpatients at the Mood Disorder Unit were randomised in a 2:1 ratio to receive either aldesleukin (12 MDD and 12 BD) or placebo (6 MDD and 6 BD). Active treatment significantly potentiated antidepressant response to ongoing SSRI/SNRI treatment in both diagnostic groups, and expanded the population of Treg, Th2, and Naive CD4+/CD8+ immune cell counts. Changes in cell counts were rapidly induced in the first five days of treatment, and predicted the later improvement of depression severity. No serious adverse effect was observed. This is the first RCT evidence supporting the hypothesis that treatment to strengthen the T cell system could be a successful way to correct the immuno-inflammatory abnormalities associated with mood disorders, and potentiate antidepressant response.

Highlights

Immune-inflammatory mechanisms are promising targets for antidepressant pharmacology. In a randomized controlled trial low-dose IL-2 significantly improved antidepressant response. IL-2 rapidly expanded the population of Treg, Th2, and Naive CD4+/CD8+ immune cell counts. Strengthening in the T cell system predicted antidepressant response.
B Cells Promote T Cell Immunosenescence and Mammalian Aging Parameters
Authors: Khan Saad , Chakraborty Mainak , Wu Fei , Chen Nan , Wang Tao , Chan Yi Tao , Sayad Azin , Vásquez Juan Diego Sánchez , Kotlyar Max , Nguyen Khiem , Huang Yingxiang , Alibhai Faisal J. , Woo Minna , Li Ren-Ke , Husain Mansoor , Jurisica Igor , Gehring Adam J. , Ohashi Pamela S. , Furman David , Tsai Sue , Winer Shawn , Winer Daniel A.
Published: September 2023

A dysregulated adaptive immune system is a key feature of aging, and is associated with age-related chronic diseases and mortality. Most notably, aging is linked to a loss in the diversity of the T cell repertoire and expansion of activated inflammatory age-related T cell subsets, though the main drivers of these processes are largely unknown. Here, we find that T cell aging is directly influenced by B cells. Using multiple models of B cell manipulation and single-cell omics, we find B cells to be a major cell type that is largely responsible for the age-related reduction of naive T cells, their associated differentiation towards pathogenic immunosenescent T cell subsets, and for the clonal restriction of their T cell receptor (TCR). Accordingly, we find that these pathogenic shifts can be therapeutically targeted via CD20 monoclonal antibody treatment. Mechanistically, we uncover a new role for insulin receptor signaling in influencing age-related B cell pathogenicity that in turn induces T cell dysfunction and a decline in healthspan parameters. These results establish B cells as a pivotal force contributing to age-associated adaptive immune dysfunction and healthspan outcomes, and suggest new modalities to manage aging and related multi-morbidity.

One Sentence Summary

Insulin receptor signaling facilitates the induction of age associated B cell inflammatory changes, which drive phenotypic aging of the T cell compartment and adverse outcomes to mammalian healthspan parameters.
Changes in functional connectivity preserve scale-free neuronal and behavioral dynamics
Authors: Rabus Anja , Curic Davor , Ivan Victorita E. , Esteves Ingrid M. , Gruber Aaron J. , Davidsen Jörn
Published: September 2023

Does the brain optimize itself for storage and transmission of information and if so, how? The critical brain hypothesis is based in statistical physics and posits that the brain self-tunes its dynamics to a critical point or regime to maximize the repertoire of neuronal responses. Yet, the robustness of this regime, especially with respect to changes in the functional connectivity, remains an unsolved fundamental challenge. Here, we show that both scale-free neuronal dynamics and self-similar features of behavioral dynamics persist following significant changes in functional connectivity. Specifically, we find that the psychedelic compound ibogaine that is associated with an altered state of consciousness fundamentally alters the functional connectivity in the retrosplenial cortex of mice. Yet, the scale-free statistics of movement and of neuronal avalanches among behaviorally-related neurons remain largely unaltered. This indicates that the propagation of information within biological neural networks is robust to changes in functional organization of sub-populations of neurons, opening up a new perspective on how the adaptive nature of functional networks may lead to optimality of information transmission in the brain.
Determining multi-dimensional motivations driving e-WOM intention and purchase intention on WeChat: the significant role of active participation
Authors: Pang Hua , Wang Jingying
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Building upon uses and gratifications (UG) theory and social exchange theory, the current study establishes a theoretical model to examine the underlying relationship between customer motivations, active participation and electronic word-of-mouth (e-WOM) and purchase intentions on WeChat.

Design/methodology/approach

The data were gathered in a web-based survey of 301 WeChat users in mainland China. To empirically verify the proposed hypotheses, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) were employed using online data.

Findings

Path analysis outcomes demonstrate that functional, hedonic and social motivations positively affect WeChat users' active participation. In addition, active participation significantly influences e-WOM intention while showing no correlation with purchase intention.

Research limitations/implications

Theoretically, this article can enrich the extant system of relevant theories and offer a fresh perspective for further research on the generation of consumers' e-WOM intention and purchase intention in the WeChat context. Practically, the research outcomes provide insight for companies on how to motivate customers to participate in online activities, which subsequently improve WeChat users' willingness in conducting e-WOM communication and making purchase decisions.

Originality/value

Although mobile social media could serve as an influential marketing vehicle for individuals' engagement in social and commercial activities in today's mobile-matured environment, the substantial impact of active engagement on the relationship between customer motivation and purchase intention remains insufficiently explored. The outcomes not only contribute to the current body of knowledge, but also offer several managerial guidance for companies that pay attention to mobile social media marketing in a contemporary mobile media-saturated society.
The impact of CEO age on a firm’s choice of global reporting initiative: moderating role of board social capital
Authors: Hussain Muhammad Jameel , Tian Gaoliang , Yousaf Umair Bin , Li Junyan
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This study aims to explore the impact of the chief executive officer’s (CEO) age on adopting global reporting initiative (GRI) framework for corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting. It also underlines how board social capital moderates the relationship between CEO age and the adoption of the GRI framework.

Design/methodology/approach

Chinese A-listed companies during 2010–2018 were used. The authors applied a logistic regression model due to the binary nature of the dependent variable. For robustness, two-step generalized method of moments (GMM) and lagged independent variables are used.

Findings

The study finds that CEO age negatively impacts the firm’s choice of GRI reporting framework. The social capital of the board positively moderates this relationship. This finding is based on the notion that as a CEO grows older or headed toward retirement age, his/her interest in CSR diminishes due to a shorter career horizon. Boards with external links provide better advice on CSR issues and mitigate the negative impact of CEO age.

Practical implications

The study results are important for understanding the GRI framework’s development and implementation, particularly in China.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that deeply examines how CEO age affects GRI adoption in the Chinese context and how the board’s social capital moderates this relationship.
Design and modeling of partial knitting knitted fabric based on matrix transformation
Authors: Cheng Bilian , Jiang Gaoming , Zhao Junjie , Li Bingxian
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to conveniently and accurately design partial knitting knitted fabrics based on matrix transformation.

Design/methodology/approach

Using mathematical modeling, the pattern diagram block matrix and process design matrix of partial knitting knitted fabrics are established, and the process knitting diagram with parameter information is generated. Based on the establishment of the mathematical model of the process knitting diagram, a loop deformation method based on three-dimensional (3D) coordinate point matrix transformation is proposed.

Findings

The matrix transformation method can provide a suitable deformed loop mode for partial knitting knitted fabrics and helps to generate a 3D modeling diagram conveniently.

Originality/value

This paper proposed a method of design and modeling of partial knitting knitted fabric based on matrix transformation. Taking the 3D modeling effect of conventional partial knitting as an example to test the modeling method, the results show that after matrix transformation, the loop model can realize the rapid transformation and calculation of the coordinates of the control point and generate a 3D modeling diagram.
Does translocal vulnerability apply to labor migrants into the sesame production belt amid covid-19? Evidence from districts in Ethiopia
Authors: Abate Kibrom Adino , Derbe Libshwork Tegegne , Mersha Linger Ayele
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The outbreak of covid-19 has affected international migration and remittance and has also narrowed down the opportunities for internal labor migrants. The pandemic has also left internal migrants in a threatening situation due to the closure of job opportunities. Taking the migration of labor from the highland toward the sesame production belt into consideration, this study aims to examine the influencing factors of migration to the sesame belt amid covid-19 and ascertain the link between migration and translocal vulnerability.

Design/methodology/approach

The study followed a mixed approach that combines quantitative and qualitative methods. However, the quantitative approach tends to dominate due to the nature of the objectives of the study. The study was conducted in the central Gondar zone, using a cross-sectional survey design with a sample size of 150 households collected from January to March, 2021. Both descriptive and econometrics models such as binary logit model have been used.

Findings

Based on the study result, we came to understand that migration is part and parcel of the livelihoods of the farm household that accounts for 35% of migration status amid covid-19. Particularly, the study came to conclude that households’ decision to send family members heavily relied on their prior information and fear of transmission of the coronavirus to family members which are statistically significant. As a result, this piece of work can be a good witness for translocal vulnerability where studies are very limited in the area. For this, this study suggests that concerned bodies like social and labor affairs in consultation with the agriculture offices and bureaus at a different level and the investors in the migrant’s destination should facilitate the protection and awareness mechanisms so that the spread of covid-19 can be minimized and thereby both the migrants and the investors can be benefitted from the migrants’ work amid covid-19.

Originality/value

This study tries to connect the current spread of covid-19 with the translocal vulnerability context. Primarily, it empirically argued the translocal vulnerability factor is the main determinant for the farm households to send families’ labor as a livelihood diversification strategy. Very limited studies consider the translocal vulnerability implication of migration; notably to the best of the researchers’ knowledge, studies that linked covid-19 with translocal vulnerability context are scant. On top of that, many studies that link migration with covid-19 tend to be inclined to international migration with very limited attention to internal migration.
Manufacturer's sales format selection and information sharing strategy of platform with a private brand
Authors: Liu Peng , Zhang Rong , Wang Ya , Yang Hailong , Liu Bin
Published: September 2023

Purpose

In recent years, private brands for e-commerce platforms have experienced rapid growth. However, whether these platforms developing private brands should share their demand information with others and how such information sharing affects the sales format selection of national brand manufacturers have puzzled firm managers in practice. This paper aims to investigate the information-sharing strategy for the e-commerce platform and its influence on the sales format selection in the presence of the private brand.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use a game-theoretical model to examine the interaction between the information-sharing strategy and sales format selection in a supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and a platform that operates a private brand.

Findings

The equilibrium results show that when the commission rate is low, the manufacturer favors agency selling, and the platform shares demand information with the manufacturer; when the commission rate is high, the manufacturer prefers reselling, and the platform does not share the information. This preference is affected by information forecasting accuracy; as the information forecasting accuracy increases, the manufacturer prefers to adopt agency selling, and the platform tends to share the information. Interestingly, under agency selling, sharing information with the manufacturer can increase the platform’s profit from selling the private brand and achieve a win-win situation for them. Furthermore, we show that the manufacturer can inspire the platform to share the information with himself by adopting agency selling, whereas the platform sharing the information improves the probability that the manufacturer adopts agency selling. Moreover, the manufacturer may have a first-mover advantage. In particular, the manufacturer moving first increases the likelihood that the manufacturer chooses agency selling and the platform shares the information.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to sales format literature by exploring the effect of information sharing strategy on sales format selection in the presence of the private brand and can help manufacturers and platforms to make suitable decisions regarding information sharing and sales format selection.