bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breakthrough Host Defense: UTI in Pregnant Women in Comparsion to Non-Pregnant
Authors: Ali Al Kabe Muhamed , Th. Nadhaif Al-Fatlawy Eman
Published: July 2021

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in pregnant women and provide a substantial therapeutic challenge due to the high potential of serious effects for both the mother and the baby. Pregnancy affects the urinary system physiologically, anatomically, and functionally, which can lead to infections emerging from the urethra. Unlike the general population, all pregnant women should have their urine cultures examined for bacteriuria, and any cases of asymptomatic bacteriuria should be treated, as it is a major risk factor for pyelonephritis in this group. Both the mother and the fetus should be safe from the antibiotic administered. To determine the prevalence of UTI in pregnancy in compare to non-pregnant woman in Wasit province to roll out the impact of pregnancy on the frequency of UTI. A case–control study between 2019 July and 2019 September was carried out on 30 pregnant women in compare to 30 matched non pregnant women were attending Al-Zahraa teaching hospital. A randomized (Every member of a population has the same probability of being picked for the sample, as do all possible samples of a given size) age, employment, present history, previous history, obstetric history, sex partner, frequency of sexual intercourse, and peeing frequency were all analyzed separately utilizing a plate form questioner. Urine samples, as well as a regular urine examination and urine culture, were obtained from the women who were being studied. Bacteriouria was shown to be prevalent in 13.3% of women, 16.7% of pregnant women, and 10% of non-pregnant women in this research. Asymptomatic bacteriuria in all women was 5/60 cases 8.3%. This indicates that about 16.7% of pregnant women are at risk of development of acute episode of UTI during pregnancy if they are not properly treated. In pregnant women, urinary tract infections (UTIs) are still a prevalent concern, particularly in the second trimester. During the prenatal period, urinalysis is necessary for all pregnant women. Early diagnosis and treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria will be aided by the screening, preventing complications for both mother and child. The most prevalent risk factors for UTI during pregnancy were poor personal cleanliness, a history of UTI, diabetes mellitus, and anemia. As a result, the study suggests that pregnant women get health education on personal sanitary cleanliness, be advised not to overuse antibiotics, and undergo frequent comprehensive urine analysis.
Hypertension as Three Systematic Dysregulations of Na+ Homeostasis in Terrestrial Mammal, and Salt in Gut Might Cause Brain Inflammation
Authors: Mifune Mizuo , Kanno Yoshihiko
Published: July 2021

Although Na+ homeostasis in vivo is essential for mammals, it is known that excessive salt (NaCl) intake has played a major role in the development of hypertension. In vivo, there is a hormonal system, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), that specializes in regulating Na+ retention, especially the amount of Na+ in plasma. Na+ homeostasis in vivo has been achieved mainly by the RAAS, through regulation of vascular tonus (blood pressure) and Na+ handling in the kidney (Na+ diuresis). Recent studies have revealed a third mechanism of Na+ homeostasis in vivo: regulation of interstitial Na+ levels in tissues, such as subcutaneous tissues, by tissue macrophage immunity. In the pathogenesis of salt-sensitive hypertension, Recent research have been revealed that three molecular axes (Ang II - Rho/NOX-eNOS system, Aldosterone-rac1 -ENaC system, and tissue Na+ − TonEBP in macrophage -VEGF-c) are significantly involved in maintaining Na+ homeostasis in salt induced hypertension. Furthermore, the mechanism by which salt causes hypertension via the immune system (intestinal, local mucosal, and tissue immunity) has also been reported. In this article, we would like to propose that three molecular dysfunctions are involved in the development of salt-sensitive hypertension through three immunological mechanisms in the maintenance of Na+ homeostasis. Next, I would like to explain the importance of gut-RAAS and abnormality of intestinal microflora (dysbiosis) in salt-sensitive hypertension. It has been known that the metabolites (e.g., short-chain fatty acid neural amino) produced by microflora are deeply involved in central (CNS) and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity. In addition, we would like to explain of the importance of brain-RAAS and cerebral inflammation in salt-sensitive hypertension. Moreover, recent research have revealed that the detection-mechanism in the brain for Na+ concentration([Na+]) in vivo and in the tongue for [Na+] in diet. These finding suggests that excessive salt intake may cause brain dysfunction, most delicate organ, before the onset of salt sensitive hypertension, and may also destroy brain structure after the onset of salt sensitive hypertension. Thus, we would like to insist that excessive salt intake might not only induce hypertension, but also be toxic especially for brain. Finally, we would like to explain that The DASH diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) is one of the universal diets for adult human, not only by reducing salt, but also by reducing metabolic stress and improving of dysbiosis.
The Physiology of Tear Film
Authors: Kayal Abraham
Published: July 2021

The precorneal tear film is a thin layer, about 2–5.5 μm thick, which overlays the corneal and conjunctival epithelium. It functions to lubricate and protect the corneal and eyelid interface from environmental and immunological factors as well as provide an optical medium. The tear film is depicted as a three-layered structure: lipid, aqueous, and mucous layers. Within each layer possesses a different composition which dictates its function. In common between the three layers are their homeostatic process of evaporation and drainage. Any dysfunction in either of the layers can result in Dry Eye Syndrome (DES). The composition, regulation, and pathology of tear film will be discussed in this chapter.
Potential Natural Product from Tropical Fruits: A Mixture Young Coconut Fruit and Kaffir Lime Fruit as Immunonutrition for the Treatment of Sepsis by Lipopolysaccaride Escherichia coli (Infectious Disease)
Authors: Rusnedy Rahmayati
Published: July 2021

The high number of cases reported of antibiotic resistance use and mortality due to gram-negative sepsis, triggered the development of natural agents to be used in the prevention and treatment of sepsis. Studies continue to be developed on the use of tropical fruits such as coconut fruit and kaffir lime fruit which contain high antioxidants and many potential compounds. Recent experimental data has proven that the high antioxidant activity found in the coconut fruit mixture, namely processed fruit flesh and coconut water and added kaffir lime juice, can be used as an immunonutrition agent that can improve body physiology and can increase the survival rate of test animals from endotoxemia lipopolysaccharide induced by Eschercia coli intraperitoneally. This chapter provides an overview of the potential of natural products that can be used as immunonutrition preparations. Finally, this provides information showing the importance of the intake of immunonutrition in conditions of sepsis infection.
Neanthes goodayi sp. nov. (Annelida, Nereididae), a remarkable new annelid species living inside deep-sea polymetallic nodules
Authors: Drennan Regan , Wiklund Helena , Rabone Muriel , Georgieva Magdalena N. , Dahlgren Thomas G. , Glover Adrian G.
Published: July 2021

A new species of abyssal Neanthes Kinberg, 1865, N. goodayi sp. nov., is described from the Clarion-Clipperton Zone in the central Pacific Ocean, a region targeted for seabed mineral exploration for polymetallic nodules. It is a relatively large animal found living inside polymetallic nodules and in xenophyophores (giant Foraminifera) growing on nodules, highlighting the importance of the mineral resource itself as a distinct microhabitat. Neanthes goodayi sp. nov. can be distinguished from its congeners primarily by its distinctive, enlarged anterior pair of eyes in addition to characters of the head, pharynx and parapodia. Widespread, abundant, and easily recognisable, N. goodayi sp. nov. is also considered to be a suitable candidate as a potential indicator taxon for future monitoring of the impacts of seabed mining.
Hydronymy of the right basin of the Middle Ibar
Authors: Nikolić Jovana
Published: July 2021

The subject of this work are the names of springs, streams and rivers which make up a tributary of the right basin of the Middle Ibar at the territory of the municipality Leposavić. The research covers hydronyms from Šaljska Bistrica all over to Bistrica which, in some way, represent a natural mark over which this municipality spreads around. The material is collected with the use of the field exploration and each of the hydronyms has an accent, so each is determined by a dialect. There have been three classifications according to the collected material. The first division, having in mind the shape of hydronyms, differentiates between those that are liquid and those that are still. The second one, called the structural, divides the hydronyms into single membered, two-membered and three-membered. A criterion of motivation for the third division divides hydronyms into those which are of physiogenic origin (natural names) and into those of anthropogenic origin (names created by men). Single membered hydronyms derived from nouns or derivation, most commonly by adding suffixes to the end of a stem. A greatest number of the two-membered hydronyms was created in the process of derivation with the adjectival suffix where the most productive suffix is that on -ski. Three-membered hydronyms have a well established structure: in the first place there is hydronymic appellative, in the second there is a preposition and in the third some of the appellatives. Hydronyms with natural names imply the use of hydronymic and geographical appellations. Due to the origin of motivation, a group of hydronyms of anthroponimic origin differentiates much more than the others and even contains more subgroups. Diverse motivation when naming hydronyms is absent in all the groups while the most numbered hydronyms of toponymic origin have been created in the process of metonymy at the relation of place-name-hydronym.
Analysis of USS Frank Cable (AS-40) Boiler Casualty
Authors: Burnside Phillip H. , Larson Brandon J.
Published: July 2021

The USS Frank Cable (AS-40) was conducting steam testing of boiler safety valves in December 2006. While conducting this test, two generating tubes failed above the water drum causing rapid expansion of the boiler water. Subsequently, the boiler casing failure above the economizer resulted in three deaths and two critical injuries. This failure was directly caused by poor fabrication of a reinforcing plate to the corner seam weld of the exhaust stack transition piece above the economizer of No. 1A Boiler. Structural analysis showed that if the boiler had been constructed per design, the loss of boiler water flashing to steam, and subsequent pressure increase in the boiler casing, would have contained the rapidly expanding steam and would not resulted in a failure of the boiler casing. The analysis of the as-built structure was unable to resist the pressure increase from the tube failure.
Breakwaters on containerships: case study to estimate loads and strength
Authors: Adegeest L. J. M. , Hoogerbrugge B. E. , Schiere M.
Published: July 2021

A case study was carried out of the failure of a breakwater onboard a container vessel. The particular interest was to identify possible measures to avoid new failures in the future. The investigation was done for a ship crossing the North Atlantic in heavy weather in which it suffered severe breakwater damage. After the storm, the breakwater was found bent afterwards by about 20 degrees. The analysis involved linear and nonlinear seakeeping theory and a green water load calculation by adopting a 2D slamming theory developed for wedges. The breakwater was modelled in a nonlinear FEM program, and pressures were applied to see when failure occurs. In general, good accordance with rules was found concerning calculated water pressures. Furthermore, the FEM calculations confirmed the experienced failure of the breakwater when subjected to the calculated pressures. Several studies of breakwater constructions and possible configurations were carried out. Finally, it has been demonstrated that the criterion for breakwater damage could be implemented in an onboard seakeeping advisory system with the objective to reduce the risk for breakwater damage.
Hull Girder Strength of a Composite Patrol Boat
Authors: Ditzler M. S. , Wadia M. D .F.
Published: July 2021

The longitudinal strength determination of any vessel over 30m is an important consideration but even more critical for composite vessels made with relatively low modulus materials. The effect of features such as a topside door, deck hatches, a discontinuous deck, and the superstructure on the hull girder strength and stiffness of a composite 140 foot (38 meter) patrol boat was investigated through finite element analysis. The results were compared to different classification societies’ section modulus and moment of inertia requirements.
Construction of a Preliminary Simulation System for Real-time Prediction of Ship Ballasting Process
Authors: Nam Jong-Ho , Kim Dae-Hyeon
Published: July 2021

Ships use the ballast system to maintain stability. The ballast system greatly influences loading capacity and navigation of a ship as well as the ocean environment. Therefore, it is necessary to select an adequate ballast system not only to increase the efficiency of ship operation but also to protect the ocean from undesirable results of current ballasting process. The ship ballast system can be optimized by performance during the period of ship design and production. Until now most shipbuilders have implemented a ballast system based on similar data from previously built ships or experts' knowledge. If previous ballast data is unavailable, however, it is necessary to determine the most appropriate ballast system by trial-and-error. To have efficient ship design and production process, this time-consuming and expensive bottleneck should be avoided. In this paper, a ballast simulation system that predicts the ballasting and deballasting processes using a computer model is introduced. The amount of fluid flowing through a ballast system is analyzed considering friction losses in pipe's inner walls, junctions, and valves. The developed system uses the graphic user interface approach for convenient interaction between the user and the system. The results of real-time simulation will help the user to foretell the ballasting process with efficiency and accuracy.
A Ship Design and Construction Methodology for Enhanced Conversion/Modification Flexibility: Part I - Concepts Development and Analytical Framework
Authors: Douglas I. E.
Published: July 2021

The conversion of ships to perform functions different from the primary functions could be a difficult and time consuming task by conventional practice. This paper presents a ship design approach that is capable of providing enhanced flexibility for conversion. The concept is based on re-structuring the traditional design process by modifying the structural and hydrodynamic analysis to cover the various load cases for the primary design and all the anticipated conversion options. For the structural analysis, the hull structure capable of supporting the extreme load cases are determined and an analytical method based on an iterative- incremental scheme presented and shown as appropriate for the hull progressive collapse analysis. Stability and sea keeping analyses are integrated into the formulation of the design methodology.
Potencial de vegetais para produção de coagulantes visando aplicação no tratamento de água: revisão sistemática
Authors: Soares Emanuel Júnior Silva , Barbosa Maria Gabriella Negromonte , Andrade Taís Cristina da Silva , Santos Whelton Brito dos , Silveira Thyago Nóbrega , Ferreira Weruska Brasileiro
Published: July 2021

Atualmente, estudos relatam a necessidade da otimização dos processos de tratamento de água quando se adota os coagulantes de origem inorgânica, por terem em sua base elementos como alumínio e ferro, sendo estes associados a diversos malefícios à saúde humana. Além disso, estes produtos apresentam aspectos econômicos e ecológicos negativos, o que enfatiza a ineficácia dos mesmos. Dentro desta problemática, tecnologias vêm sendo desenvolvidas, entre elas tem-se os coagulantes de origem orgânica que por terem como base recursos naturais renováveis, serem assimiláveis pelo meio ambiente, eficientes em ampla faixa de pH, promoverem a redução de lodo gerado no processo e não estarem associados à problemas de saúde pública configuram uma alternativa para substituição dos coagulantes inorgânicos. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão sistemática em bases de pesquisa on-line sobre a potencialidade de espécies vegetais para a produção de coagulantes orgânicos. Nesta perspectiva, tem-se que estes coagulantes podem remover até 97,80% da cor aparente e 100% de turbidez; sendo a Moringa oleífera e Acacia mearnsii as espécies que apresentaram resultados mais expressivos; além do mais, a literatura confirma a eficiência destes em aspectos relacionados aos custos e sustentabilidade para produção e utilização tanto em pequenas comunidades quanto em larga escala.
Sistema de esgotamento sanitário e casos de diarreia em Macapá/AP
Authors: Viegas Clezio Junior Teixeira , Sousa Taís Silva , Cunha Helenilza Ferreira Albuquerque , Cunha Alan Cavalcanti da
Published: July 2021

Macapá-AP é uma das capitais brasileiras que detém um dos piores indicadores de qualidade no sistema de esgotamento sanitário (SES). Além disso, há uma profunda escassez de estudos que tratem especificamente de correlacionar indicadores sanitários e ambientais com os de saúde pública, como o número de casos de diarreia (NOCD) nas cidades da Amazônia. Neste contexto, o objetivo da presente pesquisa foi correlacionar estatisticamente NOCD com alguns índices e sub índices de salubridade ambiental (ISA), entre outras variáveis ambientais na cidade de Macapá/Amapá/Brasil, considerando diferentes períodos sazonais. A metodologia de investigação seguiu três etapas: 1) quantificação de NOCD, categorizadas em dois períodos sazonais, o seco e o chuvoso, entre 2017 e 2018; 2) quantificação de variáveis sanitárias e ambientais disponíveis na literatura, tais como ISA, qualidade microbiológica da água de poços subterrâneos, condições sanitárias e ambientais, presença/ausência de redes de esgoto nos bairros (RE) e outras; 3) uso de sistema de informação (SIG) e análise estatística multivariada para correlacionar NOCD com as variáveis independentes. Os resultados, disponibilizados em forma de mapas espaço-sazonais e tabelas estatísticas, mostraram correlações significativas entre NOCD e as variáveis independentes, com significância para ISA (e sub índices) e RE (p<0,05), independentemente do período sazonal. Sazonalmente, observaram-se oscilações características significativas de NOCD. Concluiu-se que, paradoxalmente, NOCD se correlaciona negativamente com ISA e RE. Portanto, rejeita-se a hipótese de que a existência de RE aumentaria ISA e reduziria NOCD em Macapá. Desta forma, percebeu-se um efeito contrário, sugerindo estatisticamente a obsolescência do SES.
Metodologia de dosagem e viabilidade em estudo do potencial de aplicação do resíduo de concreto como agregado graúdo para concretos permeáveis sem uso de aditivos
Authors: Paula Junior Adilson Campos de , Oliveira Thais Mayra de , Polisseni Antonio Eduardo , Marques Geraldo Luciano de Oliveira , Bastos Pedro Kopschitz Xavier
Published: July 2021

O emprego do concreto permeável como pavimento representa um excelente artifício no combate ao fenômeno da impermeabilização superficial urbana. Esta pesquisa envolve a avaliação pioneira sobre a influência da utilização desses resíduos reciclados em substituição à 100% do agregado convencional de origem pétrea no comportamento mecânico e hidráulico do concreto permeável por meio de ensaios preconizados pela ABNT NBR 16416:2015, sem a utilização de aditivos. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo de metodologia de dosagem com o intuito de determinar o traço mais adequado para confecção do compósito drenante enquanto pavimento, esperando-se obter um material em conformidade com os requisitos normativos de resistência e permeabilidade, a partir de procedimentos tecnicamente viáveis. Todos os coeficientes de permeabilidade obtidos em laboratório superaram o limite normativo de 0,1 cm/s, chegando a alcançar valores de até 2,36 cm/s. Do mesmo modo, obtiveram-se valores médios de resistência característica à compressão das peças ensaiadas próximos ao limite de 20 MPa estipulado pela norma (23,98 MPa e 19,57 MPa, referentes às peças de 60 mm e 80 mm, respectivamente) e a resistência à tração na flexão foi igualmente atendida: média de 2,08 MPa, superior ao mínimo preconizado (2 MPa). Em vista da perspectiva favorável, os produtos finais poderão ser fabricados em série, reduzindo direta e indiretamente os dispêndios associados ao resíduo da construção civil e à impermeabilização dos pavimentos urbanos.
Avaliação dos resíduos de construção e demolição no dimensionamento de camada reforço de pavimentos flexíveis
Authors: Rocha Marcos Lamha , Marques Geraldo Luciano de Oliveira , Oliveira Thaís Mayra de
Published: July 2021

A produção global de resíduos de construção e demolição tem aumentado significativamente ao longo das décadas recentes, causando problemas ambientais devido a sua disposição irregular. O uso de materiais reciclados então tem aumentado neste período, principalmente visando o desenvolvimento sustentável e a proteção do meio ambiente. Ao mesmo tempo, a indústria de pavimentação está sendo afetada com a diminuição da disponibilidade de recursos naturais e têm-se buscado uma alternativa para substituição desses. Diante deste contexto, o presente artigo avalia a utilização de resíduos de construção e demolição (RCD) como agregados de misturas asfálticas no dimensionamento da camada de reforço de pavimentos flexíveis. Neste estudo foram utilizados resíduos provindos de obras da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF) que foram empregados como agregados em misturas asfálticas do tipo pré-misturado à frio (PMF). Os materiais foram inicialmente caracterizados e as misturas asfálticas produzidas com os agregados de RCD foram avaliadas mecanicamente, por meio de ensaios de resistência, rigidez e fadiga. Posteriormente, as propriedades das misturas produzidas juntamente com dados de retroanálise do pavimento do anel viário da UFJF foram inseridos em um software de dimensionamento de pavimentos flexíveis (MeDiNa) e comparadas com uma mistura com agregados naturais, afim de se analisar a possibilidade de tais materiais como camada de reforço do pavimento. Baseado nos resultados, os agregados reciclados utilizados na pesquisa por meio de misturas à frio apresentaram qualidades de caracterização e mecânicas satisfatórias. Duas das misturas estudadas apresentaram aplicabilidade como possível camada de reforço do pavimento flexível do anel viário da UJFJ, mostrando-se uma boa alternativa em relação a misturas quentes e com agregados naturais, uma vez que apresentam potencial econômico e ecológico.
Fotocatálise heterogênea para remoção de azul brilhante FCF: cinética via redes neurais sob baixa incidência solar
Authors: Dantas Érica Janaina de Moraes , Tschoeke Isabelle Cristine Prohmann , Silva Josivan Pedro da , Melo James Correia de , Sales Filho Romero Luiz Mendonça , Souza Werônica Meira de , Lima Marilene da Silva , Souza Thibério Pinho Costa
Published: July 2021

A indústria têxtil é uma das que mais geram efluentes que poluem corpos hídricos. Corantes azóicos são difíceis de serem degradados naturalmente do ambiente e são bastante encontrados em águas residuais. Esses contaminantes são na grande maioria tóxicos, mutagênicos e carcinogênicos. Os mesmos afetam a qualidade da água e impactam do desenvolvimento da fauna e da flora que compõe esse ecossistema. Por essa razão, surge a necessidade de tratar os efluentes têxteis antes de serem lançados no corpo receptor. Dentre diversas técnicas de tratamento de efluentes a fotocatálise heterogênea é eficaz na remoção de poluentes orgânicos. Neste trabalho, foi avaliada a degradação do corante têxtil azul brilhante FCF por meio de fotocatálise heterogênea utilizando como catalisador o ZnO. Foram utilizadas como fontes de radiação a luz solar em condições climáticas de baixa luminosidade e luz de lâmpada UVC potência 60W. Foi proposto o uso de um reator operando em batelada com sistema supervisório de controle onde foi coletado as amostras de forma automática. Como parâmetros da degradação, foram avaliados por planejamento fatorial a dosagem de catalisador e o tipo de radiação aplicada. Um modelo cinético utilizando redes neurais artificiais também foi desenvolvido onde o mesmo se mostrou adequado ao processo, tanto sob radiação UVC como em radiação solar, apresentando um coeficiente de correlação superior a 0,967 para o conjunto de experimentos realizados. A aplicação do estudo fotocatalítico em cidades mais frias e com menor teor de radiação por conta das condições climáticas ambientais, proporcionou um bom resultado para o ajuste cinético aplicado ao corante azul brilhante FCF. Dessa forma, a baixa radiação UV não é uma limitação para a aplicação de tratamentos desse componente químico via reações fotocatalíticas visando a remoção de contaminantes orgânicos.
Addition Probiotics on Captive Fish Nutrition the benefits, water quality and productive performance: a review
Authors: Vieira Lucimar Rodrigues , Ferreira Milena Wolff , Barbosa Guilherme Ribeiro Capibaribe , Kreutz Franciele Itati , Costa Celso Soares , Silveira Ulisses Simon , Andrade Gisele Braziliano de
Published: July 2021

The processes of technological innovation influence the great advances in the world agribusiness sector. These progresses are the result of scientific and technological studies. In this context, fish farming appears as an alternative to diversify agricultural production, being the most responsible system in the world for food security. In addition, the practice of fish farming is a potential strategy for environmental conservation since it contributes to capture fisheries reduction. However, the traditional management commonly adopted in fish farming results in innumerable environmental consequences such as: pollution of water bodies and introduction of exotic species, generation of effluents, emergence of diseases in man and animals. Probiotics as a dietary supplement for captive-bred fish appear as an alternative resource, aiming to improve the zootenic and sanitary performance of fish, healthy conditions and increase production with efficiency. It should be noted that diets are related to ethological aspects, structural integrity, sanity, physiology, reproduction, growth, and sanitary or environmental conditions. The present study aimed to revise assessments on the use of functional food additives in captive-bred fish diet and the results obtained by their administration. A qualitative approach was used with a descriptive and documentary method. The data analysed here contribute to further studies and to glimpse the potentials of nutrition of captive fish, considerating that negative impacts to the environment, production and quality of fish can be mitigated.
A segurança de barragens no Tocantins: implicações a partir das UHE, PCH e barragem de rejeitos
Authors: Alves Erisvaldo de Oliveira , Milazzo Cristhyan Martins Castro
Published: July 2021

O Artigo pretende tecer considerações sobre a Segurança em Barragens no Estado do Tocantins, pela perspectiva da Defesa Civil. Os tipos de uso das barragens analisadas foram as que produzem energia elétrica (Usinas Hidrelétricas e Pequenas Centrais Elétricas) e as Barragens de Rejeitos. A pesquisa é um estudo exploratório que utiliza método indutivo alicerçado em uma revisão de literatura e pesquisa documental. Aspectos não explícitos na legislação que dizem respeito à responsabilidade dificultam a transição entre fase interna e fase externa, outro ponto é que os municípios onde existem esses empreendimentos ainda não possuem seus Planos de Contingência e muitos não possuem suas defesas civis constituídas, soma-se a isso, a necessidade da defesa civil estadual apoiar tecnicamente os municípios. Esse cenário representa as falhas de mercado que geram insegurança e abrem espaço para problemas como a disseminação de Fake News. Constatou-se a necessidade de criar um plano mais preciso de gestão e necessidade de melhoria na eficiência em segurança de barragens no Tocantins, além da necessidade de se estabelecer um gerenciamento voltado a atender de forma preventiva, mediante a promoção do monitoramento das estruturas e do sistema. Fortalecendo o discurso institucional e as práticas de defesa civil no Estado do Tocantins.
Inseticida biológico no controle de lagarta Spodoptera Eridania no cultivo da soja
Authors: Evangelista João Gabriel Véras Nascimento , Andrade Ana Paula dos Santos , Santos Adilson Moraes , Silva Fabiana das Chagas Gomes , Carmo Andreza Sousa , Alves Gustavo Antonio Ruffeil , Freitas Luis de Souza , Borges Luciana da Silva
Published: July 2021

O controle químico não tem apresentado eficiência em determinadas regiões brasileiras, devido ao hábito de lagartas Spodoptera eridania permanecer na região inferior das folhas, dificultando que a molécula química atinja o alvo. Diante disso, o objetivo do trabalho foi verificar a eficiência do produto biológico a base de Bacillus thuringiensis no controle da lagarta Spodoptera eridania. O trabalho foi realizado na fazenda Água Boa localizada no município de Paragominas-PA. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com 4 tratamentos e 4 repetições, os tratamentos foram: 1 - Testemunha; 2 -  Xentari + Klorpan  (biológico); 3 - Dimax + Klorpan; 4 - Prêmio + Brutos. Os parâmetros avaliados foram nível de largatas e controle, desfolha, fitotoxicidade, peso de mil grãos, umidade, custo x benefício e produtividade. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA) e comparados pelo teste de Tukey, a 5% de probabilidade. O Inseticida biológico à base Bacillus thuringiensis, Xentari + Klorpan proporcionou um maior controle de lagartas Spodoptera eridania, melhor produtividade e rendimentoda soja, no município de Paragominas. Destaca-se que esse inseticida biológico proporcionou benefícios tanto para o produtor, no que se refere à produtividade e lucro, como para o meio ambiente.
Estudos sobre os solos do pantanal: contribuições ao entendimento dos aspectos morfopedológicos da planície pantaneira
Authors: Souza Celso de Arruda , Silva Rosimeire Vilarinho da , Raymundi Verônica Martinez de Oliveira , Gomes Josiane de Brito , Pierangeli Maria Aparecida Pereira
Published: July 2021

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo realizar o levantamento de dados sobre estudos desenvolvidos acerca dos solos do Pantanal, apresentando os principais temas abordados, resultados e contribuições para a compreensão das propriedades pedológicas, potencialidades e fragilidades dos solos deste ecossistema. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida por meio de consultas nas bases Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO) e Web of Science utilizando os descritores ‘Solos do Pantanal’, ‘Fragilidades dos solos do Pantanal’ e ‘Potencialidades dos solos do Pantanal’, suas combinações e variantes em inglês. O estudo contemplou artigos publicados a partir de 2012. Na base de dados SCIELO foram encontrados 20 artigos, sendo 15 em Língua Portuguesa e 05 em Língua Inglesa, apenas 10 foram selecionados por estarem relacionados a proposta de estudo. Na base de dados Web of Science foram encontrados 14 artigos sendo 9 escolhidos por tratarem especificamente sobre os ‘solos do Pantanal’. Não foram encontrados artigos com os descritores ‘fragilidades do solo do Pantanal’ e ‘potencialidades do solo do Pantanal’ em ambas as bases. Dos 17 artigos pesquisados: 6 tratavam da classificação dos solos, 4 da variação de solos em diferentes áreas, 3 dos efeitos das inundações sobre a concentração de CO2 e 1 abordagem referente à gênese dos solos em diferentes áreas, aos efeitos das mudanças no uso do solo, à influência da serrapilheira e solos afetados pelo sal. Os artigos pesquisados possibilitaram o estudo dos dados relevantes publicados nos últimos anos permitindo maior compreensão sobre o bioma do Pantanal, com vista a sua sustentabilidade.
Aplicações do empreendedorismo na conservação ambiental dos recursos naturais
Authors: Guimarães Carlos Sérgio da Silva , Vaz Marcos André Braz , Silva Rafael Bel Prestes da
Published: July 2021

A relação sociedade/natureza utilizando a metodologia do materialismo histórico e dialético, bem como essas relações e a questão ambiental mediante o conhecimento do processo de produção do espaço, considerou a produção como um processo pelo qual o homem, por intermédio de seu trabalho, modifica as formas de satisfazer suas necessidades, criando assim, valores de uso. Identificar os benefícios econômicos sociais e ambientais gerados a partir do conhecimento dos produtos florestais gera benefícios aos atores envolvidos ao estimular novas relações, propiciando a criação de novos negócios na região, impulsionando ações voltadas ao desenvolvimento sustentável gerando mútuos benefícios. A pesquisa aponta que o empreendedorismo aplicado a análises econômicas bem planejadas e um estudo da melhor utilização dos recursos naturais podem ser trabalhados à medida que as dimensões da sustentabilidade são consideradas. A cadeia produtiva de um determinado produto extrativista, no caso o açaí (Euterpe oleraceae), pode ser um bom indicativo de que o produtor/empreendedor consiga aumentar sua renda e conservar o meio ambiente em que vive. O estudo de potencialidades regionais propalado pela Superintendência da Zona Franca de Manaus indica a possibilidade de se operar um bom estudo de viabilidade econômica que potencialize a oportunidade de geração de renda e melhor distribuição de riquezas com foco no empreendedorismo e na melhor utilização dos produtos extrativos.
Toxoplasmose: análise do conhecimento em mulheres na cidade de Guaraí/TO
Authors: Santos Mateus Silva , Correa Isalara Cespedes , Oliveira Jean da Silva
Published: July 2021

A toxoplasmose é causada pelo protozoário Toxoplasma gondii, e alcança altos índices de infecção no Brasil. O parasita possui formas infectantes que permitem que o homem e outras espécies de animais se contaminem de diversas formas como, a congênita ou transplacentária, por manuseio de fezes de gatos, ingestão de carne crua ou malpassada, entre outras. No entanto, a infecção pode ser combatida através de medidas preventivas, e estas estão intimamente ligadas a higiene e hábitos da população. Dessa forma o estudo teve como objetivo, analisar o conhecimento sobre a toxoplasmose e consequentemente abordar as medidas preventivas em mulheres, em idade reprodutiva (10 a 49 anos), que residem em Guaraí – TO, porem somente mulheres acima dos 18 anos participaram da pesquisa. A escolha da análise ser feita somente com mulheres em idade reprodutiva, foi dado pelo fato de que estas possuem alto risco de infecção por toxoplasmose, considerando que a forma mais grave de contração é a congênita. As mesmas foram submetidas a um questionário composto por 12 questões relacionadas a toxoplasmose. Constatou-se que as pesquisadas em sua maioria desconhecem a doença e que o fator escolaridade influencia de maneira positiva, visto que mulheres com maior nível de escolaridade apresentaram melhores resultados quando questionadas sobre a temática, além de  demostrar a  falta de orientação  médica, pelo  fato de  muitas  desconhecerem  os testes laboratoriais de diagnóstico.
STUDY OF DIRECT CURRENT POWER TOPOLOGIES AND TECHNOLOGY APPLIED ON HIGH VOLTAGE CHARGING SYSTEMS
Authors: RODRIGUEZ CALVO CARLOS , LOPEZ DIAZ CARLOS
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
This article describes the actual state of art of the current battery charging systems, with a special focused on its technical, technological features and its operation modes.
The most important factors considered for this functional and theoretical study are from the following points of view:
State of the art: This article reviews the technological division between lithium batteries and the most suitable power topology for each one.
Technological factor: The article reviews the technological state from the point of view of the power components as: MOSFET transistors, diodes, with special focused in the power ranges, technological limits and costs.
Theoretical factor: This factor is focused in the description of the power topologies and its preferred selection depending on the voltage and the current range of its potential application. This chapter also shows the basic theoretical approach and the key differences between uni-directional and bi-directional power architectures.
Control Theory: The current control systems have a lot of similarities between each other, either in alternating current or direct current. However The operation of battery charging systems has common and functional drifts in its behaviours with standard direct current converters. This article describes and analyses their similarities and their differences.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor
Authors: Dranga Mihaela , Mihai Catalina , Cijevschi Cristina , Bejinariu Iulian , Andronic Andrei , Gavrilescu Otilia
Published: July 2021

Stromal tumors are the most common mesenchymal tumors in the digestive tract. Epidemiological data have shown
an incidence of 11-20 per million people, the average age of diagnosis being 58 years. The location of these tumors
can be anywhere on the gastrointestinal tract. The positive diagnosis is established by histopathological and
immunohistochemical examination. The evolution of patients is correlated with the size of the initial tumor, the
mitotic index and the topographic location. We present the case of a patient with an old anemic syndrome,
considered deficiency anemia, with multiple hospitalizations, without response to substitution therapy that suddenly
developed ascites. CT scan of the abdomen revealed a large abdominal tumor with jejunal origin. The positive
diagnosis was established postoperatively by correlating the histopathological aspects with the
immunohistochemical tests. The postoperative evolution was marked by complications, and one week later, the
patient died secondary to a jejuno-colic fistula.
Co-circulation of multiple influenza A reassortants in swine harboring genes from seasonal human and swine influenza viruses
Authors: Ryt-Hansen Pia , Krog Jesper Schak , Breum Solvej Østergaard , Hjulsager Charlotte Kristiane , Pedersen Anders Gorm , Trebbien Ramona , Larsen Lars Erik
Published: July 2021

Since the influenza pandemic in 2009, there has been an increased focus on swine influenza A virus (swIAV) surveillance. This paper describes the results of the surveillance of swIAV in Danish swine from 2011 to 2018. In total, 3800 submissions were received with a steady increase in swIAV-positive submissions, reaching 56% in 2018. Full-genome sequences were obtained from 129 swIAV-positive samples. Altogether, 17 different circulating genotypes were identified including six novel reassortants harboring human seasonal IAV gene segments. The phylogenetic analysis revealed substantial genetic drift and also evidence of positive selection occurring mainly in antigenic sites of the hemagglutinin protein and confirmed the presence of a swine divergent cluster among the H1pdm09Nx (clade 1A.3.3.2) viruses. The results provide essential data for the control of swIAV in pigs and emphasize the importance of contemporary surveillance for discovering novel swIAV strains posing a potential threat to the human population.
Twisting of the zebrafish heart tube during cardiac looping is a tbx5-dependent and tissue-intrinsic process
Authors: Tessadori Federico , Tsingos Erika , Colizzi Enrico Sandro , Kruse Fabian , van den Brink Susanne C , van den Boogaard Malou , Christoffels Vincent M , Merks Roeland MH , Bakkers Jeroen
Published: July 2021

Organ laterality refers to the left-right asymmetry in disposition and conformation of internal organs and is established during embryogenesis. The heart is the first organ to display visible left-right asymmetries through its left-sided positioning and rightward looping. Here, we present a new zebrafish loss-of-function allele for tbx5a, which displays defective rightward cardiac looping morphogenesis. By mapping individual cardiomyocyte behavior during cardiac looping, we establish that ventricular and atrial cardiomyocytes rearrange in distinct directions. As a consequence, the cardiac chambers twist around the atrioventricular canal resulting in torsion of the heart tube, which is compromised in tbx5a mutants. Pharmacological treatment and ex vivo culture establishes that the cardiac twisting depends on intrinsic mechanisms and is independent from cardiac growth. Furthermore, genetic experiments indicate that looping requires proper tissue patterning. We conclude that cardiac looping involves twisting of the chambers around the atrioventricular canal, which requires correct tissue patterning by Tbx5a.
RTN3 inhibits RIG-I-mediated antiviral responses by impairing TRIM25-mediated K63-linked polyubiquitination
Authors: Yang Ziwei , Wang Jun , He Bailin , Zhang Xiaolin , Li Xiaojuan , Kuang Ersheng
Published: July 2021

Upon viral RNA recognition, the RIG-I signalosome continuously generates IFNs and cytokines, leading to neutrophil recruitment and inflammation. Thus, attenuation of excessive immune and inflammatory responses is crucial to restore immune homeostasis and prevent unwarranted damage, yet few resolving mediators have been identified. In the present study, we demonstrated that RTN3 is strongly upregulated during RNA viral infection and acts as an inflammation-resolving regulator. Increased RTN3 aggregates on the endoplasmic reticulum and interacts with both TRIM25 and RIG-I, subsequently impairing K63-linked polyubiquitination and resulting in both IRF3 and NF-κB inhibition. Rtn3 overexpression in mice causes an obvious inflammation resolving phenomenon when challenged with VSV, Rtn3-overexpressing mice display significantly decreased neutrophil numbers and inflammatory cell infiltration, which is accompanied by reduced tissue edema in the liver and thinner alveolar interstitium. Taken together, our findings identify RTN3 as a conserved negative regulator of immune and inflammatory responses and provide insights into the negative feedback that maintains immune and inflammatory homeostasis.
In vivo analysis reveals that ATP-hydrolysis couples remodeling to SWI/SNF release from chromatin
Authors: Tilly Ben C , Chalkley Gillian E , van der Knaap Jan A , Moshkin Yuri M , Kan Tsung Wai , Dekkers Dick HW , Demmers Jeroen AA , Verrijzer C Peter
Published: July 2021

ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers control the accessibility of genomic DNA through nucleosome mobilization. However, the dynamics of genome exploration by remodelers, and the role of ATP hydrolysis in this process remain unclear. We used live-cell imaging of Drosophila polytene nuclei to monitor Brahma (BRM) remodeler interactions with its chromosomal targets. In parallel, we measured local chromatin condensation and its effect on BRM association. Surprisingly, only a small portion of BRM is bound to chromatin at any given time. BRM binds decondensed chromatin but is excluded from condensed chromatin, limiting its genomic search space. BRM-chromatin interactions are highly dynamic, whereas histone-exchange is limited and much slower. Intriguingly, loss of ATP hydrolysis enhanced chromatin retention and clustering of BRM, which was associated with reduced histone turnover. Thus, ATP hydrolysis couples nucleosome remodeling to remodeler release, driving a continuous transient probing of the genome.
The Nansen Legacy
Authors: Reigstad Marit , Eldevik Tor , Gerland Sebastian
Published: July 2021

The scientific investigation of a rapidly changing northern environment leads to research questions of such intellectual, empirical and logistical complexity—and of such importance to the management of national resources and associated international obligations—that they can only be addressed properly through national and prioritized cooperation, with the highest scientific standards.
Development of the breastfeeding support scale to measure breastfeeding support from lay and professional persons, and its predictive validity in Japan
Authors: Nanishi Keiko , Green Joseph , Hongo Hiroko
Published: July 2021

Background

International and national organizations recommend exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life, but many women stop earlier. Lay and professional persons can support mothers’ efforts to overcome breastfeeding difficulties. Considering breastfeeding support to comprise emotional support, practical help, and information offered to women who desire to breastfeed (by professionals, family members, and others), we developed and tested a scale to measure it in Japan.

Methods

A total of 31 items were generated by literature review and from the authors’ clinical experiences. Those items were tested with 243 mothers who visited public health centers in Tokyo for their infant’s health check-up 3 months after birth. Breastfeeding support and infant feeding status were then assessed 5 months after birth. All the data were collected by using self-administered questionnaires.

Results

On the basis of the results of factor analysis, the number of items was reduced to 11. There were three factors: support from breastfeeding peers and from people in specifically named healthcare professions, practical help, and support from people the mother can rely on to help meet emotional needs and address breastfeeding concerns. Internal-consistency reliability (alpha) of scores on the 11-item scale was 0.83 when measured 3 months postpartum and 0.85 when measured 5 months postpartum. Higher scores on the 11-item scale 3 months postpartum were associated with more breastfeeding exclusivity both at that time (Kruskal–Wallis test, chi-squared = 14.871, df = 3, n = 211, p = 0.002, eta-squared = 0.071) and also 5 months postpartum (Kruskal–Wallis test, chi-squared = 8.556, df = 3, n = 159, p = 0.036, eta-squared = 0.054). Further, the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve was 0.73 (95% CI [0.57–0.88]), which indicates that scores on the 11-item scale 3 months postpartum may be useful to predict which mothers will be less exclusive in breastfeeding 5 months postpartum. In conclusion, scores on this 11-item scale were reasonably reliable and valid for measuring breastfeeding support provided by lay and professional persons to mothers in Japan. Further research is required to evaluate this scale’s applicability in other settings.