bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drama Adaptasi Korea: Suatu Analisis Terhadap Pemaparan Agama dan Adat dalam Drama ‘Alamatnya Cinta’
Authors:   Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Nazri Nazra Aliff , Ahmad Abdul Latiff ,   Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Published: January 2021

Pada masa kini, antara jenis penghasilan drama tempatan ialah drama adaptasi yang diambil dari negara luar. Namun, progam dari luar ini dilihat mampu memberikan pengaruh yang kurang baik khususnya terhadap khalayak tempatan dan berpotensi dalam menggantikan nilai-nilai budaya yang ada. Justeru itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana pemaparan agama dan adat tempatan diketengahkan dalam drama adaptasi dari negara Korea Selatan. Dari situ, akan diketahui tembusan dan silang budaya yang berlaku antara masyarakat Melayu dan Korea Selatan melalui penghasilan drama adaptasi ini dalam konteks tempatan. Kaedah yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah analisis tekstual ke atas drama ‘Alamatnya Cinta’ yang diadaptasi daripada siri popular Korea Selatan ‘Full House’ pada tahun 2018. Kaedah ini sesuai digunakan bagi mendalami mesej yang cuba disampaikan oleh pembuat teks melalui penggunaan elemen agama dan adat di dalam drama adaptasi ini. Hasil kajian mendapati walaupun drama ini merupakan sebuah drama adaptasi dari Korea Selatan namun elemen kebudayaan Melayu dan Islam itu masih banyak dipamer dan dipertontonkan kepada masyarakat. Ini sekaligus menunjukkan bahawa pembuat teks bagi drama adaptasi tempatan masih peka dan tidak memandang ringan kepada penggunaan elemen agama dan adat dalam menghasilkan sebuah naskah terutama karya adaptasi. Keywords: Drama, adaptasi, agama, adat, analisis tekstual.
The Images of Donald Trump on Online News Media in Indonesia Through Photojournalism: Media Construction and Readers’ Perception
Authors:   Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia, al Makmun Muhammad Taufiq , Kristina Diah ,   Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia, Kusciati Karunia Purna ,   Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia, Kusumastuti Fenty ,   Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia
Published: January 2021

This study aims to find out the representation of the President of the United States of America, Donald Trump, through photojournalism which is used to support the news coverage of the president in the Indonesian online news media. It is reader-response research examining photography representation in the Indonesian online news media: okezone.com, tribunnews.com, and detik.com in 2017-2020 to view the media construction and readers’ perception. The respondents consisted of the students of English Department, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia were chosen to represent the digital native online news readers in Indonesia. In order to get the readers’ perception, they were asked to “read” 15 photos of President Trump, 12 of them were taken from news coverages of three online news media: okezonecom, tribunnews.com, and detik.com; whereas the other three photos were taken from the White House official website. The finding shows that Donald Trump tends to be portrayed differently with those used by the White House official website. Furthermore, readers are able to recognize the official presidential photos among the photojournalism. Despite their awareness of the photo selections by the media, each photojournalism used in the survey is perceived both negatively and positively by the readers. Keywords: Photojournalism, online media, media construction, reader-response, Donald Trump.
Empowerment Communication in an Islamic Boarding School as a Medium of Harmonization
Authors:   Jenderal Soedirman Universitas, Indonesia, Sulaiman Adhi Iman , Ahmadi Dadi ,   Universitas Islam Bandung, Indonesia
Published: January 2021

The study aims to analyze empowerment communication in a cooperative of an Islamic boarding school as a medium of harmonization. The study used a qualitative research method for Participatory Learning and Action (PLA). Data were collected through interviews, documentation, observation, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Informants were selected purposively and snowball sampling, namely the organization committee and students at the Islamic Boarding School, the management of cooperatives, business groups in the community, and village government, as well as practitioners, and activists of community empowerment. The study location was determined in community and Al Muaddib Islamic boarding school at Cilacap district, Central Java Province of Indonesia. The study used data analysis of community development, namely identifying, categorizing problems, specific objectives, analyzing problems and preparing action plans, evaluating the entire process, and action plans. The results of research i.e. (1) The empowerment communication should be developed to perform a comprehensive economic empowerment program ranging from the identification of the problem, the potential of human resources, natural resources and the economy of rural communities up to the analytical solution of cooperative programs, assistance and partnerships to realize harmonization. (2) Empowerment communication should be carried out sustainably and comprehensively with a humanistic, dialogical, egalitarian and participatory approach starting from counselling to provide motivation, inspiration, knowledge, and then improving skills with training, monitoring, evaluation and partnership. (3) The study implication is that empowerment communication programs could be a medium for harmonization, eliminating traumatic and negative stigma against society and Islamic boarding school which are considered radical. Keywords: Boarding school, cooperative, empowerment communication, harmonization, negative stigma.
Community-Based Disaster Communication Management
Authors:   Universitas Islam Bandung, Indonesia, Rochim Mochamad , Bajari Atwar ,   Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia, Damayanti Ninis Agustini ,   Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia, Bakti Iriana ,   Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
Published: January 2021

Indonesia is a country that is prone to disasters. To this relation, the government has created the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) and the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) in almost all provinces. However, the magnitude of the potential for disaster causes the government to feel the need for community support in disaster mitigation efforts. Community participation is absolutely necessary. It is in this context that the emergence of the community, in this case, the Garda Caah, is important. With the motto "Hope for the best, prepare for the worst," this community tries to help residents in flood prevention efforts and minimize the impact of flooding by providing immediate and continuous information. The aspect of managing communication and information is the most important part of this community. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. The data collection techniques were carried out by interview, focus group discussion, and observation. There are two main results of this study namely (1) self-management of flood disaster anticipation based on the learning process, empowerment and volunteer activities, (2) the transition of traditional information systems that are modest to a new information system that is based on technology. Keywords: Community, Garda Caah, participatory communication management, disaster.
Social Media and Decision-Making Process among Tourist: A Systematic Review
Authors:   Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nor Azazi Noor Alyani , Mohammed Shaed Maslina ,   Universiti Sains Malaysia
Published: January 2021

Social media nowadays have a huge influence on the tourism sector. With the advancement of search engines, tourists can search for any information they need on their tourism preferences. Today, there are tons of social media websites (such as TripAdvisor, Trivago, Booking.com, Agoda.com) that can help the tourist to find and decide the best tourism places and activities around the world. Studies have shown that social media is one of the best tools that are used by a tourist in the decision-making process. This paper is written to have a better understanding and to find a gap in the studies related to this topic. Hence, this paper focuses on conceptual review using a systematic review based on 24 published journals and theses from 2015 to 2019 on the influence of social media and its impact on the decision-making process for the tourist. Based on the findings, the majority of the scholars supported that social media have a big impact on how people make the decision for their tourism destination. The gaps that derived from this review have proven that only limited studies have been conducted in Malaysia; most of the research used a quantitative approach; only a few studies have included the theory related to this issue, and the targeted respondents were mostly among young travellers. Therefore, further studies on the role of social media in the decision-making process can be done by focusing on these gaps, especially in the Malaysian context. Keywords: Decision-making, influence, social media, tourism, tourist.
Amalan Kesantunan Berbahasa dalam Komunikasi Formal dan Tidak Formal dalam Kalangan Pelajar Universiti
Authors:   Universiti Utara Malaysia, Mat Hassan Ahmad Fuad , Alimi Khairul Faiz ,   Universiti Utara Malaysia, Isam Hishamudin ,   Universiti Utara Malaysia, Abd. Mutalib Mashetoh ,   Universiti Utara Malaysia
Published: January 2021

Kesantunan berbahasa ketika berkomunikasi amat dititikberatkan oleh masyarakat di Malaysia khususnya orang Melayu. Amalan kesantunan berbahasa adalah perkara asas dalam sesebuah komunikasi yang menggambarkan aturan sosial dalam sesebuah masyarakat dan menjadi prasyarat bagi kerjasama dalam sesebuah komunikasi. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti amalan kesantunan berbahasa yang diamalkan oleh pelajar UUM dalam konteks komunikasi formal dan tidak formal, membandingkan elemen kesantunan berbahasa yang diamalkan oleh pelajar mengikut jantina dan membincangkan kesan terhadap amalan kesantunan berbahasa dalam komunikasi kepada pelajar. Sebanyak 1251 orang responden dipilih dan ditemu bual menggunakan borang soal selidik berstruktur yang dibina berdasarkan konteks formal dan tidak formal. Kajian ini mengaplikasikan teori kesantunan Brown dan Levinson (1987) sebagai landasan dalam membincangkan dapatan kajian. Hasil kajian mendapati, sebanyak 93.2 peratus (1166) orang pelajar UUM mengamalkan kesantunan berbahasa dalam konteks formal dan selebihnya sebanyak 6.8 peratus (85) orang responden sahaja yang kurang menitikberatkan elemen kesantunan berbahasa ketika berkomunikasi dalam konteks formal. Dari segi jantina pula, dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan terhadap amalan kesantunan berbahasa antara pelajar lelaki dan perempuan, iaitu t(1249) = 3.652, p < .05. Hal ini menunjukkan bahawa pelajar perempuan lebih mengamalkan kesantunan berbahasa ketika berkomunikasi berbanding dengan pelajar lelaki. Selain itu, amalan kesantunan berbahasa dalam komunikasi pelajar telah memberikan kesan yang positif kepada pelajar khususnya di UUM. Amalan kesantunan berbahasa perlu dilestarikan oleh setiap individu kerana amalan ini bukan sahaja dituntut dalam beragama malah ianya dapat menggambarkan nilai budi leluhur sesuatu bangsa dalam konteks di Malaysia. Kata kunci: Kesantunan berbahasa, komunikasi formal, komunikasi tidak formal, pelajar universiti, bangsa.
Keakraban dalam Persahabatan dan Corak Interaksi di Media Sosial
Authors:   Universiti Sains Malaysia, Ahmad Pazil Nur Hafeeza
Published: January 2021

Menerusi peluang penajaan daripada kerajaan, syarikat swasta atau agensi tertentu, pelajar-pelajar cemerlang di Malaysia berpeluang untuk belajar di universiti ternama dan tinggal di luar negara dalam tempoh tiga hingga lima tahun untuk melengkapkan pengajian mereka. Mobiliti sementara untuk meneruskan pengajian ke peringkat tinggi di luar negara telah menimbulkan pelbagai cabaran kepada pelajar-pelajar Malaysia yang perlu hidup bersendirian dalam persekitaran yang asing pada usia yang agak muda. Selain cabaran untuk beradaptasi di negara yang berbeza latar belakang budaya, pelajar-pelajar ini juga berhadapan dengan cabaran untuk mengekalkan hubungan akrab dengan sahabat dan keluarga yang berada jauh secara fizikal dari mereka. Persoalannya di sini adakah mobiliti geografi ini mempengaruhi amalan intimasi dalam persahabatan akrab dan adakah media sosial membantu untuk mendekatkan jarak fizikal antara pelajar dan sahabat akrab mereka di Malaysia? Menerusi penulisan diari persahabatan selama tiga minggu, peta persahabatan dan temu bual mendalam, interaksi lapan orang pelajar Malaysia dengan sahabat akrab mereka telah direkodkan dan dianalisa. Artikel ini membincangkan sejauh mana media sosial membantu untuk mengukuhkan atau melemahkan amalan intimasi dalam persahabatan akrab bagi pelajar Malaysia yang berhijrah ke United Kingdom dengan meneliti corak interaksi mereka. Empat corak interaksi yang telah dikenal pasti adalah: 1) penambahan atau penyingkiran nama sahabat akrab, 2) kekerapan hubungan, 3) tempoh dan medium interaksi, dan 4) kandungan interaksi. Kata kunci: Persahabatan akrab, intimasi, corak interaksi, mobiliti, media sosial.
Wanita dan e-Sukan di Malaysia: Sosialisasi dan Stereotaip Gender
Authors:   Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Yusoff Nur Hafizah , Tahir Zurinah ,   Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Lyndon Novel ,   Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Abu Hasan Norhafizah ,   Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Mohd Yunus Yuza Haiqal ,   Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Published: January 2021

Artikel ini membincangkan mengenai stereotaip gender yang dialami oleh pemain e-sukan wanita. Isu mengenai stereotaip gender terjadi kerana e-sukan dikategorikan sebagai sukan yang didominasi oleh kaum lelaki kerana majoriti pemain terdiri daripada kaum lelaki. Bagi wanita yang memilih untuk menjadi sebahagian daripada industri e-sukan, mereka tidak dapat lari daripada elemen stigma, label dan seterusnya stereotaip hanya disebabkan gender mereka berbeza. Bagi menjawab isu ini, pendekatan kualitatif menggunakan temu bual mendalam telah dilakukan ke atas tujuh orang wanita yang terlibat aktif di dalam e-sukan. Informan tersebut dipilih melalui persampelan bertujuan dengan ciri-ciri spesifik iaitu wanita, terlibat di dalam e-sukan dan menjadi pemain bagi sesebuah pasukan/kelab e-sukan dan terlibat dalam permainan jenis berperanan berganda (MMOPRGs). Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik dan dipersembahkan secara deskriptif dan naratif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan terdapat beberapa jenis stereotaip yang menjadi cabaran serta halangan kepada pemain wanita ini untuk terus berjaya di dalam kerjaya sebagai seorang professional ‘gamers’. Stereotaip gender seperti wanita tidak pandai bermain MMOPGRs, komen berbau seksis serta lucah juga pernah diterima, tiada komunikasi yang baik antara pemain lelaki dan wanita dan tanggapan bahawa wanita tidak sesuai bermain permainan tersebut kerana kebanyakan permainan berganda ini bersifat ekstrem, agresif dan maskulin. Ciri-ciri permainan tersebut lebih signifikan kepada lelaki berbanding dengan wanita yang seringkali dikaitkan dengan sifat feminin. Secara tidak langsung, tanggapan seperti itu sedikit sebanyak menyekat peluang wanita untuk bergerak lebih aktif dan maju di dalam e-sukan berbanding lelaki. Kata kunci: Wanita, e-sukan, sosialisasi, gender, stereotaip gender, sosiologi.
Influência da Densidade de Preenchimento e do Número de Perímetros nas Propriedades Mecânicas de Peças Fabricadas em PLA a Partir de Impressão 3D
Authors: Medeiros Magno , Da Silva Marlon , De Oliveira Daniella , Dos Santos Fábio , Rodrigues Luanda Kívia
Published: January 2021

With the dissemination of the additive manufacturing by deposition of molten material, popularly known as 3D printing, studies on the mechanical properties of the pieces manufactured through this process are necessary to increase the understanding of their behaviors, as well as to know how to expand the application horizons of the technology in the manufacture of items that will
work under mechanical stresses. Therefore, the aim of this article is to analyze the influence of two printing parameters (number of perimeters and filling density) on the mechanical properties of specimens manufactured in PLA from 3D printing. For the study, the specimens made of PLA filament with a diameter of 1.75 mm, using the FDM technique and a 3D Cloner DH Plus model machine, were submitted to tensile test. From the analyzes carried out, it was possible to verify that the number of perimeters is more relevant with regard to the mechanical resistance to traction. The results were satisfactory and allow to trace interesting parallels with the data obtained in other studies used as references in present work.

Key words: PLA; 3D printing; number of perimeters; filling density; mechanical properties.

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Com a disseminação da manufatura aditiva por deposição de material fundido, popularmente conhecida como impressão 3D, fazem-se necessários estudos a respeito das propriedades mecânicas das peças fabricadas por este processo a fim de aumentar a compreensão do comportamento destes objetos e expandir os horizontes de aplicação da tecnologia na fabricação de itens que irão trabalhar sob solicitações mecânicas. Portanto, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar a influência de dois parâmetros de impressão (número de perímetros e densidade de preenchimento) sobre as propriedades mecânicas de corpos de prova fabricados em PLA a partir da impressão 3D. Para o estudo, os corpos de prova foram confeccionados a partir do filamento de PLA com diâmetro de 1,75 mm, por meio da técnica FDM, utilizando uma máquina 3D Cloner, modelo DH Plus, e submetidos ao ensaio de tração. A partir das análises efetuadas, foi possível constatar que o parâmetro “número de perímetros” é mais relevante no que tange a resistência mecânica à tração. Os resultados foram satisfatórios e permitem traçar paralelos interessantes com dados obtidos em outros estudos utilizados como referência na elaboração deste artigo.

Palavras-chave: PLA; impressão 3D; número de perímetros; densidade de preenchimento; propriedades mecânicas
Expression of β-catenin in Minor Salivary Glands Adjacent to Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ibraheem Ban , Mohammad Dena , Hamied Marwa
Published: January 2021

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the expression pattern, localization, and stain intensity of β-catenin in minor salivary glands adjacent to surgically excised oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).          

Methods: A retrospective study was held with 16 samples of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks with minor salivary glands adjacent to OSCC. Sections were stained and evaluated immunohistochemically

with β-catenin. The staining expression was assessed according to cellular localization, stain intensity, and, lastly, the pattern of stain distribution throughout acini.

Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 24.0 software for Windows, and data analyzed by Fisher's exact test. P-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results: All minor salivary glands in the studied sample showed β-catenin staining with different expression in their functional units, as all had ductal and myoepithelial cells staining with a predominant cytoplasmic

localization. While the mucous acini showed β- catenin expression in 10 cases (62.5%), this marker was significantly less frequently detected in serous acini of two cases of poorly differentiated OSCC (p= .008).

A highly significant relation was found between the β-catenin cellular localization and stain distribution pattern in mucous and serous acini. 

Conclusions: β-catenin had altered cytoplasmic expression in all of the minor salivary glands adjacent to OSCC. Furthermore, the diffuse pattern of distribution throughout the acini could identify the multi-patches

pathological alteration of this area. The current study clarifies that the adjacent clinically normal-appearing salivary glands could harbor genetic aberrations of their subsequent malignant transformation.
The Effect of Oral-care Program and Mouthwash Useas a Prophylaxis in Minimizing the Incidence of Chemotherapy-Induced Oral Mucositis of Pediatric and Adolescent Cancer Patients
Authors: Anwer Delan , Ahmed Khadija , Abdulla Basil
Published: January 2021

Objective: The aim was to assess the effect of the oral-care program and Kin Care mouthwash on the rate and severity of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis (OM) in pediatric and adolescent cancer patients.          

Methods: A randomized clinical trial study was conducted from May 2018 through May 2019. It was held in the Children Cancer Center of Hiwa Oncology and Hematology Hospital and included 48 participants aged 5-17 years who received chemotherapy. They were randomly allocated into either intervention or control groups; 24 patients each. The control group did not receive oral-care protocol intervention except for symptomatic measures. In contrast, the intervention group was provided with oral-care instructions and Kin Care mouthwash. Clinical evaluations were performed before commencing chemotherapy and then, twice per week, for three consecutive weeks. The World Health Organization Mucositis grading, the visual analog scale, oral hygiene status, and drinking and eating abilities were assessed.

Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups concerning age, gender, and tumor type. The most severe grades of OM (Grade III-IV) among the intervention group were significantly less than the control group (2.1% versus 22.9%). Besides, the use of Kin Care mouthwash decreased the occurrence of OM into half. The risk ratio of developing OM (Grades II-IV) was 0.51. 

Conclusions: Regular oral-care program and Kin Care solution for children receiving chemotherapy effectively decreases the rate and severity of OM.
Evaluation of Salivary Biomarkers and Their Correlation to Periodontal Status and BMI
Authors: Mahmood Tarza , Zardawi Faraedon
Published: January 2021

Objective: This study aimed to determine the correlation between periodontal status and BMI by evaluating salivary biomarkers - Resistin, visfatin, and TNF-α.          

Methods: Among 580 screened subjects, 86 subjects (30 male and 56 female) aged 30-60 years recruited and grouped into four groups, Group 1 – non-obese with healthy periodontium, group 2 – non-obese with periodontitis, group 3 - obese with healthy periodontium, and group 4 - obese with periodontitis, according to their clinical periodontal parameters and BMI. (ELISA) was used to measure the salivary concentration of Resistin, Visfatin, and TNF-α. (SPSS, v.20.0) applied for statistical analysis, Shapiro-Wilk used to test the Normality of distribution. One-way ANOVA and Mann-Whitney U test were used to analyze the outcome data.

Results: Significant differences in the clinical variables (PI, BI, PPD, and CAL) between test and control groups, with and with no periodontitis (P<0.05). However, no significant differences (P>0.05) between the level of Resistin were detected in the four groups tested. TNF-α was and periodontitis obese groups (P-value< 0.05). No significant correlations were found between clinical periodontal parameters and BMI and the three biomarkers' levels in the four groups tested in this study.

Conclusions: The study failed to detect significant positive correlations between the salivary biomarkers' levels and clinical periodontal and obesity parameters.
Diagnostic Potential of Salivary Biomarker Profiles in Epidemiological Survey of Periodontitis
Authors: Mohammed Lona , Gul Sarhang
Published: January 2021

Objective: To assess the diagnostic value of salivary biomarker profiles in determining the prevalence of periodontitis in the adult population using the case definition for population-based surveillance of periodontitis (CDC/AAP) criteria.          

Methods: Eighty subjects with healthy periodontium, mild, moderate, and severe periodontitis were recruited (20 in each group) using CDC/AAP criteria. Clinical parameters of probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), plaque index (PI), and bleeding index (BI) were recorded. Salivary samples were analyzed to determine levels of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP8), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and total protein (TP). ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare clinical and salivary parameters. Multinomial regression analysis was used to identify each examined group.

Results: Clinical parameters were significantly higher in periodontitis groups compared to the healthy group (p< 0.0001) except in PPD and PI. Both MMP8 and IL-1β were significantly higher in the moderate and severe periodontitis groups compared to the healthy group. No statistically significant differences in TP levels were found between examined groups (p=0.9). Multinomial regression analysis showed that the combination of MMP8, IL-1β, and age could accurately identify health, mild, moderate, and severe periodontitis groups with the certainty of 90%, 65%, 60%, 70%, respectively.

Conclusions: This study suggests that age, salivary MMP8, and IL-1β levels offer a way to determine the prevalence of periodontitis using CDC/AAP criteria.
Prevalence of Apical Periodontitis by Cone Beam Computed Tomography: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Baban Mohammed , Talabani Ranjdar , Rashid Mardin , Abdulateef Darwn , Gul Sarhang , Abdulkareem Bamo , Salih Rishwan
Published: January 2021

Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of apical periodontics (AP) from a sample of Iraqi adult population by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.           Methods: Two hundred and fifty-one CBCT images (116 male and 135 female) were obtained, 6738 teeth were examined of these patients who attended for dental treatment from January 2017 to June 2018 in the B&R private dental clinic in Sulaimani, Kurdistan region/Iraq. Apical periodontitis was divided according to tooth types (anatomical) in both upper and lower jaw, root canal treatment (RCT) and non-root canal treatment (Non-RCT), affected root by AP, and quality of RCT. Pearson’s chi-square test was used to determine the level of significance (p<0.05). Results: Apical periodontitis was found in 294 teeth from 6738 examined teeth, of these, 59.9% of AP incidence was linked to RCT. The percentage of periapical lesions was not significantly different between male and female patients. Among RCT teeth, maxillary teeth were found to be most susceptible to AP (61.92%) compared to mandibular teeth (38.07%). Mesiobuccal root of upper first molar and mesial root of lower first molar were most commonly affected with AP (12.4%). The most reported defects where under filling, followed by missed canal, and pulpotomy which were 32%, 20% and 18 % respectively. Missed upper second mesiobuccal canal presented with a higher percentage of AP (40.6%) and palatal roots of maxillary molars showed the least AP (2.7%).  Conclusions: The prevalence of AP was low on population level; however, the prevalence of AP was high in inadequate endodontically treated teeth and increased in teeth with complex anatomy.
Enamel Integrity: Base Morphology and Clarity of Debonded Modern Ceramic Brackets
Authors: Mohammed Omar
Published: January 2021

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of base morphology and clarity of modern ceramic orthodontic brackets on adhesion of brackets with enamel surface and enamel surface integrity after debonding.         

Methods: The Scan Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used at high magnification 1000x, and the images were taken for a retentive base of three types of ceramic brackets (Pure, Encore, and Reflections). The degree of light transmission was evaluated, and shear bond strength and adhesive remnant index were evaluated.

Results: SEM exhibited differences in surface morphology of retentive base between tested ceramic brackets. Optical Characteristic showed Pure brackets were significant differences with all tested brackets but not significant between them. One-way ANOVA revealed a significant difference at (p < 0.05) in shear bond strength. The reflections and Encore gave the highest bond strength, while the Pure gave the lowest value. 

Conclusions:  The morphology of the base and clarity of ceramic brackets directly affect the adhesion brackets with enamel surface under the same condition. In addition, the mode of retention plays an important role in the damage of the enamel surface after debonding.
Clinicoradiographical Features of Jaw Bone Lesions in a Group of Patients Attended Two Maxillofacial Centers in Sulaimani City
Authors: Salih Renaz , Garib Balkees
Published: January 2021

Objective: This study aims to determine the distribution, clinical and radiographic features of different jaw lesions.          

Methods: A descriptive study included 110 cases of jaw bone lesions collected along seven years from two major maxillofacial centers in Sulaimani governorate-Iraq.

Results: The sample predominated by males (59.1%), male to female ratio of 1.4:1., the most affected age group 21-40 years (40.9%), the most common presenting sign was swelling (74.5%) besides, the swelling was the most common chief complain (with pain 30%; or without pain 59.1%). Systemic symptoms like fever and weight loss were present in only four patients (3.6%). One-third of cases (33.6%) presented for the 2-12months duration. The mandible was affected in 56.4% of cases. Regarding the radiographic features, 80% of lesions were ≤5cm in maximum dimension, 69.1% of the lesions were radiolucent. Ill or well-defined borders were equally presented (47.3%). 39.9% of lesions related to the teeth (root apices, impactions, displacement, and resorption). Concerning the diagnosis, 48.2% of the lesions were diagnosed as a cyst, followed by tumors 29.1%. 

Conclusions: Jaw lesions of different origins can share the same clinical and radiographic features; dental professionals should have information about the most common lesions to guide them toward proper investigations and management.
The Effect of Submucosal Injection of Plasma Rich Platelets on the Rate of Orthodontically Induced Canine Retraction in Subject with Bimaxillary Protrusion
Authors: Ali Trefa , Chawshli Omar
Published: January 2021

Objective: The present study aimed to reveal the effects of submucosal injection of Plasma Rich Platelets (PRP) on the rate of canine retraction.          

Methods: Eighteen females with bimaxillary protrusion were selected from patients seeking orthodontic treatment, College of the Dentistry/University of Sulaimani, whose maxillary and mandibular first premolars were decided to be extracted after proper diagnosis. It’s a split-mouth design; the upper left side was the control side while the upper right side served as the intervention side (submucosal injection of PRP); after aligning and leveling, the retraction phase was initiated on .017× .025 Stainless steel archwire with power chain from the canine bracket to temporary anchorage device inserted between the upper 2nd premolar and 1st molar at the same level for both sides. The elastomeric chains were changed every two weeks. Scanned intraoral images were obtained by intra- oral CEREC omnicam scanner before retraction and at the end of retraction to measure the amount of canine movement using inLab CAM 15.0 software 2015.

Results: A highly significant acceleration of canine retraction on the intervention side compared with the control side at p <.0001 with a rate of 29.1% higher overall retraction phase (108 days).  

Conclusions: Submucosal injection of PRP is a minimally-invasive and low-cost method that can be used for accelerating orthodontic tooth movement.
Effect of Some Disinfectant Solutions on the Adherence of Candida albicans to Three Types of Acrylic Resin Denture Base Materials
Authors: Ahmed Seeran , Jaffer Nadia
Published: January 2021

Objective: Microbial adhesion to denture surface is problematic for denture wearers, especially those with impaired dexterities. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of two plant extracts (clove and Basil) in addition to Chlorhexidine on candida Albicans adherence to (heat, cold, light) activated acrylic denture base materials.          

Methods: Two herbal extracted clove (Eugenia caryohyllata) and Basil (Ocimum basilicum) were prepared by drying, ground to powder, and extracted with ethanol chlorhexidine gluconate of 0.12% were used as three disinfectant solutions. One hundred and five square acrylic samples were prepared from (heat, cold, and light) activated acrylic resin denture base materials in dimensions of 10×10×2 mm for the study. The disk diffusion test was used to determine the susceptibility of C. Albicans to disinfectant solutions. The adhesion of yeast to the acrylic resin samples was measured with a light microscope by measuring the number of fungal cells in the corners of the square and expressed as no. of cells/mm2. Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA to compare the mean of readings between disinfectant solutions and post-hoc t-test in which the p-value is less than 0.05.

Results: Statistically significant differences (p<0.05) of adhesion of C.albicans were found on the surfaces of three types of activated acrylic resin materials with means of 19.18, 46.25, and 26.50 cell/mm2on heat, light, and cold cure respectively and after immersing the specimens on the disinfectant solutions regarding the highest effect of the disinfectant solutions was seen in chlorhexidine gluconate of 0.12% which demonstrate 3.11, 5.89 and 5.43 cell/mm2 followed by Basil with means of 6.75, 13.57 and 10.11 cell/mm2 on heat, light and cold cure acrylic resin specimens correspondingly, then the clove and finally distilled water. 

Conclusions:  Both clove buds and basil leaves extracted solutions exhibited high antifungal activity besides Chlorhexidine on the surface of denture base materials. The highest inhibition zone was seen in Chlorhexidine, followed by Basil, clove, and distilled water, respectively. The number of fungal cell adhesion to the three types of denture base was decreased in the three disinfectant solutions when compared to distilled water (control group).
Evaluation of Patient Satisfaction with Existing Complete Dentures for Those Patients Attending College of Dentistry/ University of Sulaimani
Authors: Saddq Tanya , Al-Kaisy Neda , Ibrahim Rawa
Published: January 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the impact on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) among complete denture wearers and to inspect any impact differences between males and females denture wearers.          

Methods: The study sample involved 100 complete denture wearers’ (55 males and 45 females) aged between 40-74 years, who attended the Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani. All of the participants Interviewed directly by the researcher to answer the Oral Health Impact Profile questionnaire (OHIP-EDENT-19) to assess the prevalence of impacts using three answering scales:1= never, 2= sometimes, 3=almost always. Socio-demographic information was gathered. Data were submitted to statistical analysis (chi-square test, P≤0.05).      

Results: The majority of participants chose score-2 (sometimes) in answering questions regarding functional limitation, physical pain, physical and psychological disability (58% - 72%). While score-1 (never) was the answer to social disability questions (69%) and score-3 (almost always) was the response of participants to consider wearing a complete denture is a handicap (46%). There were insignificant differences between both sexes in the majority of responses. However, Females were significantly more anxious than males (P>0.05) in answering specific questions regarding self-consciousness, embarrassment, and avoid going out.  

Conclusions: Conventional complete dentures bring negative impacts in the OHRQoL of elderly patients, mainly concerning physical pain and functional limitation, followed by handicap, physical disability, psychological discomfort. The least negative impact was on social and psychological disabilities. The most encountered problems by females than males were Psychological discomfort, psychological disability, and social disability.
Reliability of Expected Root Position in Two Different Bracket Bonding and Positioning Techniques (A Comparative Ex-Vitro Study)
Authors: Rashid Zhwan , Chawshli Omer
Published: January 2021

Objective: To measure the reproducibility of expecting root position (ERP) in various brackets bonding and positioning techniques.Methods: Twenty Angle’s Class-I typodont models were divided into four groups of five models each. The first two groups werebonded directly, and the other two groups were bonded indirectly. Intraoral scanning and CBCT were taken before and after simulation orthodontic treatment for each model. The pre-treatment CBCT of models was matched to the digital crown of the post treatment intraoral scanner of the models in order to put the root in the expected position. At the same time, the true root position was obtained from the CBCT of post-treated models. Finally, the true and ERPs were superimposed by part comparison analysis function in 3-Matic software to measure mm displacement between two compared parts. The intra-examiner reliability was tested by the Bland-Altman method. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the displacement means of true and ERP.Results: There was no significant difference between the mean of true and ERP among the study groups for maxillary and mandibulararches (P>0.05).Conclusions: Combining data from CBCT and the digital models, simulation of the root positions was statistically validated withdirect and indirect techniques of bracket positioning and bonding.
Knowledge and Practice of Orthodontists Regarding Prevention and Treatment of White Spot Lesions during Fixed Orthodontic Treatment Course in Kurdistan Region-Iraq: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Kareem Fadil , Ismail Hadi , Amin Anwar , Arf Awder
Published: January 2021

Objective: White spot lesions (WSL) are considered the most frequent complication during fixed orthodontic treatment. The aim of the present study was to assess the knowledge and practice levels of orthodontic professionals regarding the prevention and treatment of WSL in the Kurdistan region-Iraq.          

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted by distributing a validated self–administered questionnaire among orthodontic professionals and dentists practicing orthodontics. The questionnaire included ten questions about the knowledge and nine for the practice with regard to the prevention and treatment of WSL. Data were analyzed by descriptive tests, Kruskal-Wallis test, and the Mann Whitney test.      

Results: Sixty orthodontists and dentists practicing orthodontics participated in the study. Most participants (78.3%) had intermediate knowledge, and 66.7% recorded high practice scores. The knowledge and practice scores in female orthodontists and participants with postgraduate orthodontics degrees were significantly higher than in male orthodontists and those without a postgraduate degree (P = 0.0001).  

Conclusions: Participants exhibited good knowledge and experience and good practice in the prevention and treatment of WSL. It is recommended to have special practice guidelines for the prevention of WSL.
BİLİŞSEL ÇIRAKLIK YÖNTEMİNİN GÖRSEL SANATLAR DERSİNDE ALTINCI SINIF ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN SERAMİK EĞİTİMİNE YÖNELİK ÖZ YETERLİK İNANÇLARINA VE TUTUMLARINA ETKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Gökdemir Mehmet Ali , Daşdağ Evren
Published: January 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı, seramik eğitiminde bilişsel çıraklık yönteminin öğrencilerin seramik eğitimine yönelik öz yeterlik inançlarına ve tutumlarına etkisini belirlemektir. Araştırma nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden deneysel desen kullanılmış olup, öntest-sontest kontrol gruplu model kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 6. sınıf düzeyinde biri kontrol diğeri deney olmak üzere iki şubede bulunan 46 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Verilerin toplanmasında, araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen öz yeterlik inancı ölçeği ve tutum ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerinin analizinde parametrik testlerden bağımlı ve bağımsız örneklemler t-testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre, deney grubu ve kontrol gurubunda gruplar içi seramik eğitimine yönelik öz yeterlik inancında ve seramik eğitimine yönelik tutum öntest-sontest puan ortalamaları arasında sontest lehine anlamlı bir fark saptanmıştır. Deney ve kontrol gruplarına ait gruplar arası seramik eğitimine yönelik öz yeterlik inancı sontest puan ortalamaları arasında anlamlı bir fark saptanmamıştır. Deney ve kontrol gruplarına ait seramik eğitimine yönelik tutum sontest puan ortalamaları arasında deney grubunun lehine anlamlı bir fark saptanmıştır.Araştırma sonuçlarına dayanarak; bilişsel çıraklığın görsel sanatlar dersinde yapılan çalışmaların daha uzun süreli yapılması önerilmektedir.
Current stage of Russian advocacy development
Authors: Volodina S. I.
Published: January 2021

The paper considers the present time status of the Russian advocacy, the progress in digitalization of the legal profession and plans for the future development, as well as advocacy’s challenging issues and solu- tions. The article reviews criteria for division of advocacy’s challenging issues. The paper refers to the creation of a commemorative medal in honor of the 30th anniversary of the FSAR (Russian Federal Lawyers Union).The role in the integration of the legal profession of the famous attorney and the former head of the department of advocacy of the Kutafi n Moscow State Law University (MSAL) A. V. Kligman, in whose honor the medal was created, is described. Also, the article highlights the “Pashayev eff ect” as the legal profession antihero and shows the negative consequences to which his behavior led. Moreover, attention is paid to the Concept of the development of the legal aid market and the tasks of the legal profession. Besides topics discovered, the Author analyzes the problems of protecting the professional rights of attorneys, the example of violation of the rights is provided by the case of attorney Diana Tsipinova in 2020 and the advocacy’s attempts to achieve a positive result. The problem of creating a specialized advocacy is revealed. The question of the mandatory internship for the purpose to acquire the status of an attorney is discussed. Defenсe standards and Standards of proof are observed. An example of the successful practice in the fi eld of people’s mental health of attorney Y. L. Ershov and his role in changing the law enforcement in mentioned area is given. The role of professional development of advocacy is shown.
Formation of the conceptual and terminological basis of the information (digital) ecosystem of the legal profession
Authors: Gavrilov S. N.
Published: January 2021

The article substantiates the need to form and update the harmonized terminological conceptual apparatus of the legal profession in the context of its digital transformation.

The author believes that the presence of the goal of making information (digital) ecosystem of the legal profession in Russia is necessary to speak not only about the linguistic support of developed corporate information systems, but about creating an enterprise conceptual-terminological system of advocacy in which the linguistic support of information (digital) component of corporate life is only organic, integrated part of this system terms.

In this regard, the conceptual and terminological basis of the information (digital) ecosystem of the legal profession is considered as part of the General term system of the lawyer Corporation.

 The author defi nes corporate language as the lexicon used by representatives of the legal community in professional activities, corporate governance, and other interaction related to belonging to the bar.

The author highlights the following elements of the process of forming the conceptual and terminological basis of advocacy: organizing and conducting scientifi c research enterprise language advocacy; identify subject areas and sources conceptual and terminological system of advocacy; development of methodological and methodical bases for organization of corporate terminology work and the construction of a corporate terminology system; the development of a corporate terminology policy advocacy; development and implementation of enterprise systems (mechanisms, procedures) ensuring the formation of corporate terminological system and the maintenance of the single practice of its application; creating and updating corporate of the terminological dictionary of the legal profession; unifi cation of local normative base of the legal profession in terms of corporate usage.

The article describes the elements of the process of forming the conceptual and terminological basis of the legal profession.
Аdvocacy in protecting reproductive rights
Authors: Kruchinina N. V.
Published: January 2021

As the number of infertile couples is growing in Russia, the use of assisted reproductive technologies (In vitro fertilization, surrogacy, etc.) have been widely developed. Thus, there is the urgent need of proper legal regulation and measures to protect the rights of both surrogate mothers and genetic parents from diff erent abuses, including those of criminal nature. The legislation governing relations in this area needs further development. There are a review of foreign laws concerned, and the analysis of different positions on human reproductive rights in this article. An attempt has been made to determine the list of crimes against human reproductive rights. The necessity of advocacy in the sphere of assisted reproductive technologies is reasoned as a measure of protection of human reproductive rights.
Limits and variability of the use of digital forms (tools) in the legal profession and advocacy: approaches and methods
Authors: Pospelov O. V.
Published: January 2021

The article deals with the problem of ensuring human control over the digital environment, which penetrates into all spheres of society, and the role of the legal profession in solving this problem. The doctrinal elaboration of the topic of the article is presented by an analysis of the ethical traditions and ideas about proper law practice that have historically developed in the domestic legal profession, which form the basis of the generally accepted theory (methodology) of the legal profession, and are manifested in the use of the method of lawyer control over the state’s compliance with legal norms in the context of the massive introduction of information (digital) technologies that signifi cantly change the forms of implementation of law in Russia. The normative elaboration of the topic of the article is revealed through the analysis of the Concept for the development of regulation of relations in the fi eld of artifi cial intelligence and robotics technologies until 2024, approved in 2020 by the Government of the Russian Federation, which refl ects the basic provisions of the normative regulation of the digital transformation of public relations in our country. The most important aspects of the article are related to the comparison of the government’s risk-based approach and the lawyer’s safe approach to the introduction of information (digital) technologies, taking into account the general situation with IT solutions in Russia and the creation of the Integrated Information System of the Russian Advocacy (IIS RA), consisting of subsystems — digital forms (tools), the development of which is described in the article with an explanation of the transition from plurality (variability) to unifi cation in their use. The article explains the prerequisites for the manifestation of a set of approaches to the creation and use of digital forms (tools) in the framework of the CIS RB: universalization; unifi cation; authenticity; transparency; fi duciary, as well as appropriate methods of working with these tools.