bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Evolution of Porosity in Lower‐Crustal Faults During the Earthquake Cycle
Authors: Michalchuk Stephen Paul , Zertani Sascha , Renard François , Fusseis Florian , Chogani Alireza , Plümper Oliver , Menegon Luca
Published: August 2023

Earthquake‐induced fracturing of the dry and strong lower crust can transiently increase permeability for fluids to flow and trigger metamorphic and rheological transformations. However, little is known about the porosity that facilitates these transformations. We analyzed microstructures that have recorded the mechanisms generating porosity in the lower crust from a pristine pseudotachylyte (solidified earthquake‐derived frictional melt) and a mylonitized pseudotachylyte from Lofoten, Norway to understand the evolution of fluid pathways from the coseismic to the post‐ and interseismic stages of the earthquake cycle. Porosity is dispersed and poorly interconnected within the pseudotachylyte vein (0.14 vol%), with a noticeably increased amount along garnet grain boundaries (0.25–0.41 vol%). This porosity formed due to a net negative volume change at the grain boundary when garnet overgrows the pseudotachylyte matrix. Efficient healing of the damage zone by fluid‐assisted growth of feldspar neoblasts resulted in the preservation of only a few but relatively large interconnected pores along coseismic fractures (0.03 vol% porosity). In contrast, porosity in the mylonitized pseudotachylyte is dramatically reduced (0.02 vol% overall), because of the efficient precipitation of phases (amphibole, biotite and feldspars) into transient pores during grain‐size sensitive creep. Porosity reduction on the order of >85% may be a contributing factor in shear zone hardening, potentially leading to the development of new pseudotachylytes overprinting the mylonites. Our results show that earthquake‐induced rheological weakening of the lower crust is intermittent and occurs when a fluid can infiltrate a transiently permeable shear zone, thereby facilitating diffusive mass transfer and creep.
Improved Prediction of Local Significant Wave Height by Considering the Memory of Past Winds
Authors: Zhang Shaotong , Yang Zhen , Zhang Yaqi , Zhao Shangrui , Wu Jinran , Wang Chenghao , Wang You‐Gan , Jeng Dong‐Sheng , Nielsen Peter , Li Guangxue , Li Sanzhong
Published: August 2023

Wave and water depth were measured with an instrumented tripod in the Yellow River Delta from 9 December 2014 to 29 April 2015. Concurrent wind data were also collected from a nearby wind station. A high‐precision model for predicting local significant wave height (Hs) with wind speed (vw) is constructed using an improved data‐driven approach. The proposed model realized high accuracy as it solves the problem that the Hs falls too fast during the wind‐decreasing periods. It was tackled by considering the remaining influence of historical vw on the present Hs via incorporating a memory curve of the past wind effect. This innovative approach significantly improves the prediction (R2 from 0.60 to 0.83). The winds in the past 24 hr still left an influence on the waves at the observation site although the influence decreases with time. Physically, it is an implicit but simpler consideration of wind fetch/duration. Further data modeling experiments indicated that the decisive factor for the Hs at the site is the wind speed. Wind directions slightly improve the prediction, indicating that waves are slightly affected by the underwater seabed slope along different wind directions, and northwest winds cause the strongest waves at the site. Adding atmospheric pressure or water depth even reduces the accuracy, which indicated that storm surges and wave deformations under different tide levels have a weak impact on Hs. The proposed local wave model can be easily constructed with available wind and wave data, making it expandable to other regions dominated by wind waves.
Extending the Application of Connectivity Metrics for Characterizing the Dynamic Behavior of Water Distribution Networks
Authors: Marsili V. , Alvisi S. , Maietta F. , Capponi C. , Meniconi S. , Brunone B. , Franchini M.
Published: August 2023

Water distribution networks (WDNs) are complex combinations of nodes and links, and the current tendency is to modify their topological structure through the closure of isolation valves for monitoring and water quality reasons. For their analysis, several approaches based on graph theory have recently been proposed, mainly considering steady‐state flow conditions. However, in their real functioning, WDNs are continuously subjected to pressure transients generated by maneuvers on regulation devices or by users' activity. This study investigates the application of some metrics from graph theory, already used in the context of steady‐state analysis, for assessing the effects of changes in the topological structure of a network—due for example, to sectorization or branching operations—on its transient response when subjected to maneuvers on devices such as hydrants, pumps, etc. or users' activity. The analysis shows that some connectivity metrics can effectively reflect the dynamic pressure behavior of the network and, thus, provide useful indications for design and management operations taking into account unsteady flow features.
A C/ebpα isoform specific differentiation program in immortalized myelocytes
Authors: Garcia-Cuellar Maria-Paz , Akan Selin , Slany Robert K.
Published: August 2023

The transcription factor CCAAT-enhancer binding factor alpha (C/ebpα) is a master controller of myeloid differentiation that is expressed as long (p42) and short (p30) isoform. Mutations within the CEBPA gene selectively deleting p42 are frequent in human acute myeloid leukemia. Here we investigated the individual genomics and transcriptomics of p42 and p30. Both proteins bound to identical sites across the genome. For most targets, they induced a highly similar transcriptional response with the exception of a few isoform specific genes. Amongst those we identified early growth response 1 (Egr1) and tribbles1 (Trib1) as key targets selectively induced by p42 that are also underrepresented in CEBPA-mutated AML. Egr1 executed a program of myeloid differentiation and growth arrest. Oppositely, Trib1 established a negative feedback loop through activation of Erk1/2 kinase thus placing differentiation under control of signaling. Unexpectedly, differentiation elicited either by removal of an oncogenic input or by G-CSF did not peruse C/ebpα as mediator but rather directly affected the cell cycle core by upregulation of p21/p27 inhibitors. This points to functions downstream of C/ebpα as intersection point where transforming and differentiation stimuli converge and this finding offers a new perspective for therapeutic intervention.
Temporally resolved SMLM (with large PAR shift) enabled visualization of dynamic HA cluster formation and migration in a live cell
Authors: Basumatary Jigmi , Baro Neptune , Zanacchi Fancesca Cella , Mondal Partha Pratim
Published: August 2023

The blinking properties of a single molecule are critical for single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM). Typically, SMLM techniques involve recording several frames of diffraction-limited bright spots of single-molecules with a detector exposure time close to the blinking period. This sets a limit on the temporal resolution of SMLM to a few tens of milliseconds. Realizing that a substantial fraction of single molecules emit photons for time scales much shorter than the average blinking period, we propose accelerating data collection to capture these fast emitters. Here, we put forward a short exposure-based SMLM (shortSMLM) method powered by sCMOS detector for understanding dynamical events (both at single molecule and ensemble level). The technique is demonstrated on an Influenza-A disease model, where NIH3T3 cells (both fixed and live cells) were transfected by Dendra2-HA plasmid DNA. Analysis shows a 2.76-fold improvement in the temporal resolution that comes with a sacrifice in spatial resolution, and a particle resolution shift PAR-shift (in terms of localization precision) of $$\sim$$
∼
11.82  nm compared to standard SMLM. We visualized dynamic HA cluster formation in transfected cells post 24 h of DNA transfection. It is noted that a reduction in spatial resolution does not substantially alter cluster characteristics (cluster density, $$\#$$
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molecules/cluster, cluster spread, etc.) and, indeed, preserves critical features. Moreover, the time-lapse imaging reveals the dynamic formation and migration of Hemagglutinin (HA) clusters in a live cell. This suggests that $$short-SMLM$$

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using a synchronized high QE sCMOS detector (operated at short exposure times) is excellent for studying temporal dynamics in cellular system.
Nintedanib administration after the onset of acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease in the real world
Authors: Kato Motoyasu , Sasaki Shinichi , Mori Wataru , Kohmaru Makiko , Akimoto Takashi , Hayakawa Eri , Soma Soichiro , Arai Yuta , Matsubara Naho Sakamoto , Nakazawa Shun , Sueyasu Takuto , Hirakawa Haruki , Motomura Hiroaki , Sumiyoshi Issei , Ochi Yusuke , Watanabe Junko , Hoshi Kazuaki , Kadoya Kotaro , Ihara Hiroaki , Hou Jia , Togo Shinsaku , Takahashi Kazuhisa
Published: August 2023

Nintedanib reduces the decline in forced vital capacity and extends the time to the first acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease (AE-ILD). However, the effect of additional nintedanib administration after AE-ILD onset is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of nintedanib administration after AE-ILD development. We retrospectively collected the data of 33 patients who developed AE-ILD between April 2014 and January 2022. Eleven patients who received nintedanib after AE-ILD development and the remaining who did not were classified into the N and No-N groups, respectively. The survival time in the N group tended to be longer than that in the No-N group. The generalized Wilcoxson test revealed that the cumulative mortality at 90 days from AE-ILD onset was significantly lower in the N group. The time to subsequent AE-ILD development was significantly longer in the N group than that in the No-N group. The incidence of adverse gastrointestinal effects and liver dysfunction in the N group was 9–18%. Treatment without nintedanib after AE-ILD development and the ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen were significant independent prognostic factors in the multivariate analysis. Thus, nintedanib administration may be a treatment option for AE-ILD.
Physiological and proteomic changes of Castanopsis fissa in response to drought stress
Authors: Li Chaonan , Chen Sanxiong , Wang Yi
Published: August 2023

Castanopsis fissa is a native, broadleaf tree species in Guangdong with characteristics of barrenness and fast growth and is often used as a pioneer species for vegetation restoration with excellent ecological benefits. To explore the response of C.fissa to drought, this study investigated the drought tolerance mechanism of C.fissa using physiological and proteomic assessments. Using a potted continuous drought experimental method with normal water supply as a control, we measured photosynthetic parameters, antioxidant enzyme activities, and osmoregulatory substances of C. fissa in response to drought stress for 1 to 4 weeks, respectively. In addition, we used TMT quantitative proteomics to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between the drought-stress-treated C. fissa leaves and the control leaves. With the extension of drought stress time, the photosynthetic indexes and peroxidase (POD) activity of C. fissa leaves showed a decreasing trend. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content; superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities; and proline (Pro), soluble sugar (SS) and soluble protein (SP) contents showed an overall increasing trend, all of which reached significant differences at 4 w of stress. We identified 177 and 529 DEPs in the 2 and 4 weeks drought-stress leaves, respectively, in reference to the control leaves. These DEPs were closely related to physiological metabolic processes such as photosynthesis, energy and carbohydrate metabolism, stress response and defense, transcriptional regulation, and signal ion transduction. Drought stress mainly affects photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and protein synthesis and degradation in C. fissa leaves. At 2 weeks of stress, the expression of carbon metabolism, pyruvate metabolism and ribosome-related proteins was significantly changed, however, and at 4 weeks of stress, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum and spliceosome-related proteins were significantly increased in plant leaves. To alleviate the effect of water unavailability, the drought-stressed C.fissa leaves increased its oxidative protective enzyme system to eliminate excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and also increased its Pro and SP contents to maintain the intracellular osmotic potential balance.
First stage of labour duration and associated risk of adverse neonatal outcomes
Authors: Lundborg Louise , Åberg Katarina , Sandström Anna , Liu Xingrong , Tilden Ellen L. , Bolk Jenny , Ladfors Linnea V. , Stephansson Olof , Ahlberg Mia
Published: August 2023

Prior evidence evaluating the benefits and harms of expectant labour duration during active first stage is inconclusive regarding potential consequences for the neonate. Population-based cohort study in Stockholm-Gotland region, Sweden, including 46,040 women (Robson 1), between October 1st, 2008 and June 15th, 2020. Modified Poisson regression was used for the association between active first stage of labour duration and adverse neonatal outcomes. 94.2% experienced a delivery with normal neonatal outcomes. Absolute risk for severe outcomes increased from 1.9 to 3.0%, moderate outcomes increased from 2.8 to 6.2% (> 10.1 h). Compared to the reference, (< 5.1 h; median), the adjusted relative risk (aRR) of severe neonatal outcome significantly increased beyond 10.1 h (> 90th percentile) (aRR 1.53, 95% CI 1.26, 1.87), for moderate neonatal outcome the aRR began to slowly increase beyond 5.1 h (≥ 50 percentile; aRR 1.40, 95% CI 1.24, 1.58). Mediation analysis indicate that most of the association was due to a longer active first stage of labour, 13% (severe neonatal outcomes) and 20% (moderate neonatal outcomes) of the risk was mediated (indirect effect) by longer second stage of labour duration. We report an association between increasing active first stage duration and increased risk of adverse neonatal outcomes. We did not observe a clear labour duration risk threshold.
Bayesian reconstruction of magnetic resonance images using Gaussian processes
Authors: Xu Yihong , Farris Chad W. , Anderson Stephan W. , Zhang Xin , Brown Keith A.
Published: August 2023

A central goal of modern magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is to reduce the time required to produce high-quality images. Efforts have included hardware and software innovations such as parallel imaging, compressed sensing, and deep learning-based reconstruction. Here, we propose and demonstrate a Bayesian method to build statistical libraries of magnetic resonance (MR) images in k-space and use these libraries to identify optimal subsampling paths and reconstruction processes. Specifically, we compute a multivariate normal distribution based upon Gaussian processes using a publicly available library of T1-weighted images of healthy brains. We combine this library with physics-informed envelope functions to only retain meaningful correlations in k-space. This covariance function is then used to select a series of ring-shaped subsampling paths using Bayesian optimization such that they optimally explore space while remaining practically realizable in commercial MRI systems. Combining optimized subsampling paths found for a range of images, we compute a generalized sampling path that, when used for novel images, produces superlative structural similarity and error in comparison to previously reported reconstruction processes (i.e. 96.3% structural similarity and < 0.003 normalized mean squared error from sampling only 12.5% of the k-space data). Finally, we use this reconstruction process on pathological data without retraining to show that reconstructed images are clinically useful for stroke identification. Since the model trained on images of healthy brains could be directly used for predictions in pathological brains without retraining, it shows the inherent transferability of this approach and opens doors to its widespread use.
Development of a green metallochromic indicator for selective and visual detection of copper(II) ions
Authors: Minabi-Nezhad Mehran , Moeinpour Farid , Mohseni-Shahri Fatemeh S.
Published: August 2023

Heavy metal ions, i.e., copper(II) (Cu(II)), are harmful to the environment and our health. The current research established an eco-friendly and efficient metal-sensitive indicator, which can identify Cu(II) ions in both liquid and solid forms, by utilizing anthocyanin extract obtained from jambolao fruit (Syzgium cumini) that is incorporated within bacterial cellulose nanofibers (BCNF).The CIE Lab color parameters demonstrated that Cu(II) binding causes a sensible change in color. It was observed that the visible color altered with an increase in the Cu(II) concentration. The bacterial cellulose nanofibers that were altered with anthocyanin were analyzed using ATR-FTIR and FESEM. The sensor's selectivity was tested by using a range of metal ions such as lead (Pb2+), cobalt (Co2+), cadmium (Cd2+), nickel (Ni2+), aluminium (Al3+), barium (Ba2+), manganese (Mn2+), zinc (Zn2+), mercury (Hg2+) and sodium (Na+). The findings demonstrated that the suggested sensor showed excellent selectivity toward Cu(II) ion. Cu(II) can be accurately identified using the sensing technique, with detection limits ranging from 10–400 ppm and 50–500 ppm for liquid and solid samples, respectively, and through observation with naked eye. The fabricated green metallochromic sensor is promising to be a simple, cheap, mobile and easily operable for the real-time and on-site detection of Cu(II) ion.
Synthesis and characterization of lead-based metal–organic framework nano-needles for effective water splitting application
Authors: Eliwa Ayman S. , Hefnawy Mahmoud A. , Medany Shymaa S. , Deghadi Reem G. , Hosny Wafaa M. , Mohamed Gehad G.
Published: August 2023

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of porous materials characterized by robust linkages between organic ligands and metal ions. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) exhibit significant characteristics such as high porosity, extensive surface area, and exceptional chemical stability, provided the constituent components are meticulously selected. A metal–organic framework (MOF) containing lead and ligands derived from 4-aminobenzoic acid and 2-carboxybenzaldehyde has been synthesized using the sonochemical methodology. The crystals produced were subjected to various analytical techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and thermal analysis. The BET analysis yielded results indicating a surface area was found to be 1304.27 m2 g−1. The total pore volume was estimated as 2.13 cm3 g−1 with an average pore size of 4.61 nm., rendering them highly advantageous for a diverse range of practical applications. The activity of the modified Pb-MOF electrode was employed toward water-splitting applications. The electrode reached the current density of 50 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of − 0.6 V (vs. RHE) for hydrogen evolution, and 50 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 1.7 V (vs. RHE) for oxygen evolution.
Frictional melting mechanisms of rocks during earthquake fault slip
Authors: Woo Sangwoo , Han Raehee , Oohashi Kiyokazu
Published: August 2023

Rapid slip, at rates in the order of 1 m/s or more, may induce frictional melting in rocks during earthquakes. The short-lived melting has been thought to be a disequilibrium process, for decades. We conducted frictional melting experiments on acidic, basic, and ultrabasic silicate rocks at a slip rate of 1.3 m/s. The experiments and microstructural observations reveal that all minerals in the rocks are melted at temperatures below their known melting temperatures (Tm); e.g., quartz is melted at ~ 1000–1200 °C, not ~ 1720 °C, while olivine at ~ 1300 °C, rather than ~ 1700 °C. The low-temperature melting is incompatible with the conventional disequilibrium melting, and may be caused predominantly by grain size reduction and phase boundary reactions during the early and later stages of slip, respectively. The newly estimated Tmand the melting mechanisms should be considered for understanding the mechanics of earthquakes, landslides, and caldera collapses.
Hyperuricemia is accompanied by elevated peripheral CD4+ T cells
Authors: Yu Qiuyang , Sun Zhengyi , Wang Ying , Du Xue , Huang Jing , Wang Liying
Published: August 2023

Hyperuricemia (HUA) makes a chronic inflammation status, which affects immune cells. The association between HUA and immune cells, such as monocytes and neutrophils, has been extensively studied. However, studies on HUA and lymphocytes are still limited. We selected 1543 healthy participants and 258 individuals with HUA to analyze the correlation between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and immune cells, and 98 healthy participants and 16 individuals with HUA were used to study the relationship between SUA levels and cytokine levels. Then, we used soluble UA to stimulate peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro and examined lymphocyte subset counts and activation by flow cytometry. The results revealed that the number of lymphocytes in the HUA group was significantly increased, particularly CD4+ T cell numbers, which were higher than those in the total population (P = 0.0019), females (P = 0.0142), and males (P = 0.0199) of the healthy control group. Concomitantly, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 levels significantly increased in people with HUA (P = 0.0254; P = 0.0019). In vitro, soluble UA promoted the proliferation and activation of CD4+ T and CD19+ B cells. Thus, HUA is accompanied by elevated peripheral CD4+ T cells and may cause a Th2-dominant immune status.
A prophylactic TXA administration effectively reduces the risk of intraoperative bleeding during open management of pelvic and acetabular fractures
Authors: Kenmegne Guy Romeo , Zou Chang , Lin Yixiang , Yin Yijie , Huang Shenbo , Banneyake Erandathie Lasanda , Gunasekera Imani Savishka , Fang Yue
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of perioperative intravenous TXA in reducing blood loss in pelvic and acetabular fracture patients managed surgically. The study included 306 consecutive patients, divided as: group I, 157 patients who did not receive perioperative infusion of TXA and group II, 149 patients who received perioperative TXA. The perioperative blood test results and complication rates were compared between the two groups. The average perioperative hematocrit was higher during the preoperative period than during the first, second and third postoperative day in both groups. In the estimated blood loss between the two groups, there was a significant difference of 1391 (± 167.49) ml in group I and 725 (± 403.31) ml in group II respectively (p = 0.02). No significant difference was seen in the total of intraoperative transfusion units as well as in the total units of blood transfused. There was a reduced level of postoperative hemoglobin (9.28 ± 17.88 g/dl in group I and 10.06 ± 27.57 g/dl in group II compared to the values obtained in preoperative investigations (10.4 ± 2.37 g/dl in group I and 11.4 ± 2.08 g/dl in group II); with a significant difference in postoperative transfusion rates (p = 0.03). Therefore, the use of TXA effectively reduces the risk of intraoperative bleeding during open management of pelvic and acetabular fractures.
Dickkopf1 induces enteric neurogenesis and gliogenesis in vitro if apoptosis is evaded
Authors: Scharr Melanie , Scherer Simon , Hirt Bernhard , Neckel Peter H.
Published: August 2023

Neurogenesis in the postnatal enteric nervous system (ENS) is controversially discussed. Yet, deciphering the regenerative potential of the ENS is essential for our understanding and therapy of human enteric neuropathies. Dickkopf1 (DKK1) is a Wnt-antagonist and involved in the homeostasis of various tissues. We hypothesize that DKK1 could function as a negative regulator on the proliferation of ENS-progenitors in the postnatal gut of mice and human infants. Here, we provide evidence that DKK1 is expressed in the murine and human ENS. If applied to ENS-progenitors in vitro, DKK1 leads to an increased proliferation, however, followed by extensive apoptosis. Yet, once we block apoptosis, DKK1-stimulation markedly increases enteric neurogenesis in murine and human ENS-progenitors. Thus, DKK1 is a strong, ambivalent regulator of the ENS-progenitor cell pool in mice and humans. These results are fundamental steps to reshaping our understanding of the homeostasis of the ENS in health and disease.
Selection signatures and population dynamics of transposable elements in lima bean
Authors: Lozano-Arce Daniela , García Tatiana , Gonzalez-Garcia Laura Natalia , Guyot Romain , Chacón-Sánchez Maria Isabel , Duitama Jorge
Published: August 2023

The domestication process in lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) involves two independent events, within the Mesoamerican and Andean gene pools. This makes lima bean an excellent model to understand convergent evolution. The mechanisms of adaptation followed by Mesoamerican and Andean landraces are largely unknown. Genes related to these adaptations can be selected by identification of selective sweeps within gene pools. Previous genetic analyses in lima bean have relied on Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) loci, and have ignored transposable elements (TEs). Here we show the analysis of whole-genome sequencing data from 61 lima bean accessions to characterize a genomic variation database including TEs and SNPs, to associate selective sweeps with variable TEs and to predict candidate domestication genes. A small percentage of genes under selection are shared among gene pools, suggesting that domestication followed different genetic avenues in both gene pools. About 75% of TEs are located close to genes, which shows their potential to affect gene functions. The genetic structure inferred from variable TEs is consistent with that obtained from SNP markers, suggesting that TE dynamics can be related to the demographic history of wild and domesticated lima bean and its adaptive processes, in particular selection processes during domestication.
Skp2-mediated MLKL degradation confers cisplatin-resistant in non-small cell lung cancer cells
Authors: Zhou Huiling , Zhou Li , Guan Qing , Hou Xuyang , Wang Cong , Liu Lijun , Wang Jian , Yu Xinfang , Li Wei , Liu Haidan
Published: August 2023

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most prevalent type of cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death. Chemotherapeutic resistance is a major obstacle in treating NSCLC patients. Here, we discovered that the E3 ligase Skp2 is overexpressed, accompanied by the downregulation of necroptosis-related regulator MLKL in human NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of Skp2 inhibited viability, anchorage-independent growth, and in vivo tumor development of NSCLC cells. We also found that the Skp2 protein is negatively correlated with MLKL in NSCLC tissues. Moreover, Skp2 is increased and accompanied by an upregulation of MLKL ubiquitination and degradation in cisplatin-resistant NSCLC cells. Accordingly, inhibition of Skp2 partially restores MLKL and sensitizes NSCLC cells to cisplatin in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, Skp2 interacts and promotes ubiquitination-mediated degradation of MLKL in cisplatin-resistant NSCLC cells. Our results provide evidence of an Skp2-dependent mechanism regulating MLKL degradation and cisplatin resistance, suggesting that targeting Skp2-ubiquitinated MLKL degradation may overcome NSCLC chemoresistance.
The development of blood protein profiles in extremely preterm infants follows a stereotypic evolution pattern
Authors: Zhong Wen , Danielsson Hanna , Brusselaers Nele , Wackernagel Dirk , Sjöbom Ulrika , Sävman Karin , Hansen Pupp Ingrid , Ley David , Nilsson Anders K. , Fagerberg Linn , Uhlén Mathias , Hellström Ann
Published: August 2023

Background

Preterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. Early diagnosis and interventions are critical to improving the clinical outcomes of extremely premature infants. Blood protein profiling during the first months of life in preterm infants can shed light on the role of early extrauterine development and provide an increased understanding of maturation after extremely preterm birth and the underlying mechanisms of prematurity-related disorders.

Methods

We have investigated the blood protein profiles during the first months of life in preterm infants on the role of early extrauterine development. The blood protein levels were analyzed using next generation blood profiling on 1335 serum samples, collected longitudinally at nine time points from birth to full-term from 182 extremely preterm infants.

Results

The protein analysis reveals evident predestined serum evolution patterns common for all included infants. The majority of the variations in blood protein expression are associated with the postnatal age of the preterm infants rather than any other factors. There is a uniform protein pattern on postnatal day 1 and after 30 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA), independent of gestational age (GA). However, during the first month of life, GA had a significant impact on protein variability.

Conclusions

The unified pattern of protein development for all included infants suggests an age-dependent stereotypic development of blood proteins after birth. This knowledge should be considered in neonatal settings and might alter the clinical approach within neonatology, where PMA is today the most dominant age variable.
A survey of Earth-abundant metal oxides as oxygen evolution electrocatalysts in acidic media (pH < 1)
Authors: Yu Jiahao , Giancola Stefano , Khezri Bahareh , Nieto-Castro David , Redondo Jesús , Schiller Frederik , Barja Sara , Spadaro Maria Chiara , Arbiol Jordi , Garcés-Pineda Felipe A. , Galán-Mascarós José Ramón
Published: August 2023

A promising strategy to estabilize earth-abundant transition metal oxides during water electrolysis in acidic media to compete with noble metal water oxidation catalysts.
Metal-free, visible-light driven α-C(sp3)–H gem-difluoroallylation of glycine derivatives with trifluoromethyl alkenes and 1,3-enynes
Authors: Yuan Zi-Hang , Xin Hong , Zhang Lu , Gao Pin , Yang Xu , Duan Xin-Hua , Guo Li-Na
Published: August 2023

A metal free, visible-light driven α-C(sp3)−H gem-difluoroallylation of glycine derivatives with CF3-alkenes and 1,3-enynes is presented under redox-neutral conditions with good yields and excellent functional group compatibility.
α-Aminophosphonate inhibitors of metallo-β-lactamases NDM-1 and VIM-2
Authors: Palica Katarzyna , Deufel Fritz , Skagseth Susann , Di Santo Metzler Gabriela Paula , Thoma Johannes , Andersson Rasmussen Anna , Valkonen Arto , Sunnerhagen Per , Leiros Hanna-Kirsti S. , Andersson Hanna , Erdelyi Mate
Published: August 2023

α-Aminophosphonate inhibitors of the bacterial metallo-β-lactamases NDM-1 and VIM-2 have been developed and studied.
Recent advances in the rational design of alkaline OER catalysts: from electronic structures to industrial applications
Authors: Wang Ansheng , Wang Wanying , Xu Jinchao , Zhao Chunning , Yu Meng , Wang Lijing , Zhang Haijun , Zhou Xiaomeng , Bao Xiaolei , Wang Weichao
Published: August 2023

Rational design of high-performance OER catalyst based on the fundamental electronic structure to industrial requirements.
M1/M2 macrophages and their overlaps – myth or reality?
Authors: Strizova Zuzana , Benesova Iva , Bartolini Robin , Novysedlak Rene , Cecrdlova Eva , Foley Lily Koumbas , Striz Ilja
Published: August 2023

Macrophages represent heterogeneous cell population with important roles in defence mechanisms and in homoeostasis. Tissue macrophages from diverse anatomical locations adopt distinct activation states. M1 and M2 macrophages are two polarized forms of mononuclear phagocyte in vitro differentiation with distinct phenotypic patterns and functional properties, but in vivo, there is a wide range of different macrophage phenotypes in between depending on the microenvironment and natural signals they receive. In human infections, pathogens use different strategies to combat macrophages and these strategies include shaping the macrophage polarization towards one or another phenotype. Macrophages infiltrating the tumours can affect the patient’s prognosis. M2 macrophages have been shown to promote tumour growth, while M1 macrophages provide both tumour-promoting and anti-tumour properties. In autoimmune diseases, both prolonged M1 activation, as well as altered M2 function can contribute to their onset and activity. In human atherosclerotic lesions, macrophages expressing both M1 and M2 profiles have been detected as one of the potential factors affecting occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. In allergic inflammation, T2 cytokines drive macrophage polarization towards M2 profiles, which promote airway inflammation and remodelling. M1 macrophages in transplantations seem to contribute to acute rejection, while M2 macrophages promote the fibrosis of the graft. The view of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and M2 macrophages suppressing inflammation seems to be an oversimplification because these cells exploit very high level of plasticity and represent a large scale of different immunophenotypes with overlapping properties. In this respect, it would be more precise to describe macrophages as M1-like and M2-like.
Relationships Among Motor, First, and Second Language Skills Among Bilingual Children With Language Disorders
Authors: Sanabria Ashley , Restrepo Maria Adelaida , Peter Beate , Valentin Andrea , Glenberg Arthur
Published: August 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to determine the significance and directions of the relationships among oral and manual fine motor skills and language abilities among Spanish–English bilingual children. If such relationships exist, this would support a shared biological influence on motor and language development.

Method:

Participants included 56 bilingual children, 24 of whom met criteria for developmental language disorder (DLD), recruited based on teacher concern for language and/or reading comprehension abilities. Students participated in a battery of baseline tests to determine motor, language, and cognitive abilities. Correlations among all variables were examined for direction of relationships. Regression models explored the predictive power of motor skills with Spanish and English language ability as the outcome measure.

Results:

Oral fine motor abilities (diadochokinetic rate productions of /pa/ and /pata/) predicted Spanish (but not English) oral language abilities in the expected direction (i.e., faster rates were associated with better language). Manual fine motor performance on computer tapping tasks was not related to performance in either language.

Conclusions:

Oral fine motor abilities are related to language abilities in bilingual children, but only for the native language. We did not find reliable differences in oral and manual fine motor skills between groups of bilingual children with and without DLD. These findings support a limited role of shared biological influences on motor and language development.
Prevalence of Self-Reported Voice Concerns and Associated Risk Markers in a Nonclinical Sample of Military Service Members
Authors: Perry Trevor T. , Brungart Douglas S. , Myers Jennifer Rae , Cord Laura L. , Solomon Nancy Pearl
Published: August 2023

Introduction:

Difficult communication environments are common in military settings, and effective voice use can be critical to mission success. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of self-reported voice disorders among U.S. military service members and to identify factors that contribute to their voice concerns.

Method:

A nonclinical sample of 4,123 active-duty service members was recruited across Department of Defense hearing conservation clinics. During their required annual hearing evaluation, volunteers provided responses to voice-related questions including a slightly adapted version of the Voice Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10) as part of a larger survey about communication issues. Changepoint detection was applied to age and years of service to explore cohort effects in the reporting of voice concerns. Logistic regression analyses examined multiple available factors related to communication to identify factors associated with abnormal results on the VHI-10.

Results:

Among the respondents, 41% reported experiencing vocal hoarseness or fatigue at least several times per year, and 8.2% (
n
= 336) scored above the recommended abnormal cut-point value of 11 on the VHI-10. Factors independently associated with the greatest risk for self-reported voice concerns were sex (female), cadmium exposure, vocal demands (the need for a strong, clear voice), and auditory health measures (frequency of experiencing temporary threshold shifts; self-reported hearing difficulties).

Conclusions:

Based on self-reported voice concerns and false negative rates reported in the literature, the prevalence of dysphonia in a large sample of active-duty service members is estimated to be 11.7%, which is higher than that in the general population. Certain predictors for voice concerns were expected based on previous literature, like female sex and voice use, but frequency of temporary threshold shifts and exposure to cadmium were surprising. The strong link between voice and auditory problems has particular implications regarding the need for effective communication in high-noise military and other occupational environments.
A new radiation reaction approximation for particle dynamics in the strong field regime
Authors: Pétri J.
Published: August 2023

Context. Following particle trajectories in the intense electromagnetic field of a neutron star is prohibited by the large ratio between the cyclotron frequency ωB and the stellar rotation frequency Ω. No fully kinetic simulations on a macroscopic scale and with realistic field strengths have been performed so far due to the huge computational cost implied by this enormous scale of separation.

Aims. In this paper, we derive new expressions for the particle velocity subject to strong radiation reaction that are intended to be more accurate than the current state-of-the-art expression in the radiation reaction limit regime, the so-called Aristotelian regime.

Methods. We shortened the timescale hierarchy by solving the particle equation of motion in the radiation reaction regime, where the Lorentz force is always and immediately balanced by the radiative drag, and including a friction not necessarily opposite to the velocity vector, as derived in the Landau-Lifshitz approximation.

Results. Starting from the reduced Landau-Lifshitz equation (i.e., neglecting the field time derivatives), we found expressions for the velocity depending only on the local electromagnetic field configuration and on a new parameter related to the field strength that controls the strength of the radiative damping. As an example, we imposed a constant Lorentz factor γ during the particle motion. We found that for ultra-relativistic velocities satisfying γ ≳ 10, the difference between strong radiation reaction and the radiation reaction limit becomes negligible.

Conclusions. The new velocity expressions produce results similar in accuracy to the radiation reaction limit approximation. We therefore do not expect this new method to improve the accuracy of neutron star magnetosphere simulations. The radiation reaction limit is a simple but accurate, robust, and efficient way to follow ultra-relativistic particles in a strong electromagnetic field.
Long-period maser-bearing Miras in the Galactic center
Authors: Lewis M. O. , Bhattacharya R. , Sjouwerman L. O. , Pihlström Y. M. , Pietrzyński G. , Sahai R. , Karczmarek P. , Górski M.
Published: August 2023

We establish a sample of 370 Mira variables that are likely near the Galactic center (GC). The sources have been selected from the OGLE and BAaDE surveys based on their sky coordinates, OGLE classifications, and BAaDE maser-derived line-of-sight velocities. As the distance to the GC is known to a high accuracy, this sample is a test bed for reddening and extinction studies toward the GC and in Mira envelopes. We calculated separate interstellar- and circumstellar-extinction values for individual sources, showing that there is a wide range of circumstellar extinction values (up to four magnitudes in the Ks band) in the sample, and that circumstellar reddening is statistically different from interstellar reddening laws. Further, the reddening laws in the circumstellar environments of our sample and the circumstellar environments of Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) Miras are strikingly similar despite the different metallicities of the samples. Period-magnitude relations for the mid-infrared (MIR) WISE and MSX bands are also explored, and in the WISE bands we compare these to period-magnitude relationships derived from Miras in the LMC as it is important to compare these LMC relations to those in a higher metallicity environment. Emission from the envelope itself may contaminate MIR magnitudes altering the relations, especially for sources with thick envelopes.
Saprobic index of bivalve mollusks of families Unionidae and Sorbiculidae distributed in the aquatic ecosystems of Uzbekistan
Authors: Boymurodov Khusniddin T. , Yunusov Khudainazar B. , Egamkulov Azamat N. , Fayzullayev Umidjon R.
Published: August 2023

A correlation between the level of distribution of bivalve mollusks of the families Unionidae and Sorbiculidae and their saprobic characteristics was studied in this article. Polysaprob groups of bivalve mollusks were not found in the lower parts of the rivers during studies, but α-mesasoprobe species that stood close to the polysabrob group comprised 60% of the bivalve mollusks of the families Unionidae and Sorbiculidae. α-mesasoprobe species have been found to include Sinanodonta gibba, Sinanodonta puerorum, Colletopterum cyreum sogdianum, Colletopterum ponderosum volgense, Corbicula rigrigea, Corbiculina tibetensis, Corbiculina ferghanensis which are distributed in the lower Zarafshon and Sirdarya region.
Current information on the species composition of xylotrophic basidiomycetes in and around Cherepovets (Russia, Vologda region)
Authors: Shipovalov Alexey , Paklyashova Natalia
Published: August 2023

We describe the results of the study of taxonomic composition of xylotrophic basidiomycetes found during one growing season (August-November 2022) in the industrial city of Cherepovets and its surroundings. 30 species were identified, including Cyathus striatus, a new species for the Vologda region. Species on wounded and felling substrates were found to be predominant according to the nature of woody substrates. In terms of frequency of occurrence, frequent and very frequent species predominate are Schizophyllum commune, Flammulina velutipes, Pleurotus ostreatus.
Ambient air pollution level in the east African region based on satellite remote sensing of NO2, CO, and Aerosol optical depth
Authors: Baharane Valérien , Shatalov Andrey B.
Published: August 2023

This study used ten years (2013-2022) of satellite observations to assess the levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and aerosol optical depth (AOD) over Eastern Africa. NO2 vertical column density (VCD) varied between 3.17 × 1014 and 4.70 × 1014 molecules cm-2 with a seasonal variability reaching the peak in December every year. CO mixing ratio oscillated between 95.256 ± 15.480 ppbv and 76.011 ± 5.609 ppbv and demonstrated a bimodal seasonal variability. The level of AOD fluctuated between 0.126 ± 0.070 and 0.250 ± 0.165. Generally, the concentrations of these pollutants are comparable to the global levels, though the AOD increasing trend is an indicator of the deterioration of air quality in the east African region.
Satellite data spectral analysis under critical hydrogeological-amelioratory conditions of Golodnostepsky irrigation lands
Authors: Onglassynov Z.A. , Shagarova L.V. , Muratova M.M.
Published: August 2023

The article presents the analysis of widespread spectral indexes of the results of the Earth remote sensing data thematic processing to reveal the most representative one for applying under conditions of critical increase of groundwater level and salinity as well as salinized soil. Long-term monitoring data and multispectral images of the LandSat-8 satellite were collected for the Golodnostepsky irrigation land. Sites with the most disturbing ameliorative conditions were identified using GIS. 74 sites comply with this criterion where cotton, rice, and cucurbits crops are cultivated. Seasonal multispectral data of the region covering emphasised sites and spectral indexes were processed and calculated: NDVI, SAVI, MSAVI-2, GEMI, ARVI, IPVI, MTVI, TDVI, NDWI, MNDWI, NDSI. The following results turned out to be the most informative vegetation indexes: NDVI (yearly changes variation range 0.40) and SAVI (yearly changes variation range 0.44). At the same time the least informative vegetation indexes became IPVI (yearly changes variation range 0.19) and GEMI (yearly changes variation range 0.11). It was shown that vegetation indexes data are highly correlated with the amount of precipitation, an average air temperature and crop yield. Among water indexes, NDWI (yearly changes variation range 0.32) turned out to be more preferable than MNDWI (yearly changes variation range 0.15). The information value of the index of salinity NDSI for the sample turned out to be low (yearly changes variation range 0.17), which can be explained by agricultural and ameliorative activity at the site under research (ploughing, sprouting, vegetation, saline washing, etc.)
The rationale for the recovery of the territories contaminated by organomineral waste
Authors: Pystin Vitaliy , Sherstobitov Danil , Gubar Elena , Shushanyan Gor , Sysoeva Sofya , Chertes Konstantin
Published: August 2023

The article presents the results of surveys conducted on three areas contaminated with organomineral and petroleum-containing waste. The selected research sites included a location affected by a fuel oil spill, a geoenvironment contaminated with petroleum products, and a territory of unauthorized disposal of distillery waste. Comprehensive engineering surveys were carried out on all sites, with some of them including engineering-geophysical surveys. The areas of the contaminated territories and the volume of waste were determined. Additionally, data evaluation was performed using the TPT-cloud software suite, which allowed for optimizing the scope of the conducted studies and accurately interpreting the research results to enhance the quality of the restoration works. The study justifies the methods for conducting restoration measures based on the proposed methodology for assessing the feasibility of using biological methods in land reclamation and waste disposal.