bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advanced methods of practical training of intervention and rescue personnel in toxic / explosive / flammable environments
Authors: Nicolescu Cristian , Gireadă Andrei , Ilie Cosmin
Published: January 2024

In the activity of intervention and rescue, practical training has the primary role, thereby making it possible for rescuers to be permanently prepared to intervene in case of major incidents, accidents or events. In addition to classic training methods, namely training carried out in installations within production platforms, equipment endowment of the Rescue Risks Laboratory, allows different modern training scenarios to be developed using virtual reality or the mobile training ground. Virtual reality is increasingly present in training in many fields of activity, considering the fact that in the virtual environment dangers that cannot be created in reality (explosions, fires, falls from great heights) can be easily simulated and, thus, fear of such dangers can be outrun. Endowments of mobile training ground allow training scenarios to be created that emphasize the degree of physical preparation of rescuers, taking into account their physiological parameters that are monitored throughout the entire training. The paper aims to highlight the practical training of rescuers through modern training means resulting in their occupational selection and training of rescue teams that will intervene in critical situations.
Design of an experimental stand for hydrogen explosions
Authors: Florea Gheorghe Daniel , Petrilean Dan Codruț , Vlasin Nicolae Ioan , Păsculescu Vlad Mihai
Published: January 2024

Hydrogen, with its remarkable potential as a clean and abundant energy carrier, has gained significant attention as a promising solution for a sustainable future. However, the handling, storage, and utilization of hydrogen come with inherent risks, particularly the potential for explosions. The present work deals with the design of an experimental stand for hydrogen explosions in interconnected spaces, based on previous experience in the field of air-methane mixtures explosions. Considering the explosive properties of hydrogen, much more aggressive than methane gas, a comparative analysis is carried out between the results of a physical experiment of a methane explosion carried out on a spiral stand and the results obtained from a computational simulation of a hydrogen explosion on a similar geometry. The purpose of the comparative analysis is to highlight the vulnerable points of the future construction, bringing improvements to the new experimental model in the sense of increasing operational safety, while preserving, at the same time, the possibilities of recording the explosion parameters (pressures, velocities, flame front behavior) at a higher level of accuracy.
Aspects regarding the impact of cloth waste burning in the historical residential areas of the Petroșani municipality
Authors: Lorinț Csaba , Danciu Ciprian , Traistă Eugen , Florea Adrian , Rezmerița Evelina
Published: January 2024

The restructuring of the mining sector in the Jiu Valley basin in the context of decarbonization has as its main goal the reduction of atmospheric pollution. Despite the fact that previous studies suggest an overall improvement in air quality as a result of this process, most ignore the lack of an immediate alternative to the use of coal as a primary energy resource both locally and regionally. This lack of alternatives has been found to have a negative influence on air quality through the noxious gases and Particulate Matter released into the atmosphere following the burning of some fuels, cloth and footwear waste, especially in the historical residential areas of the cities. In this paper, some of the results obtained from the instrumental determinations carried out in different areas of the Petroșani Municipality are presented, with special regard to the air quality in the Historical Center of this city.
Das Einschleusen nach der WHO Surgical Safety Checklist
Authors: Lang Marika
Published: January 2024

Im zweiten Teil unserer Miniserie erfahren Sie, wie ein Patient bei einem elektiven Eingriff eingeschleust wird.
Elf Tipps für respektvolle und gesunde Kommunikation – Kritikgespräche
Authors: Holtmeier Lisa
Published: January 2024

Sie sind ein wichtiger Bestandteil der Führungskommunikation: Kritikgespräche. Sie ermöglichen es, Probleme anzusprechen, Verbesserungen anzuregen und das Leistungsniveau im Team zu steigern. Doch oft werden Kritikgespräche als unangenehm empfunden und es können Konflikte entstehen, wenn sie nicht richtig geführt werden. In diesem Artikel bekommen Sie wertvolle Tipps, wie Sie Kritik respektvoll, gesund und konkret kommunizieren können, um positive Veränderungen herbeizuführen.
Erste Hilfe für die Seele – Mental Health First Aid
Authors: Teetz Christiane
Published: January 2024

Körperliche Beschwerden gehören in der Physiotherapie zum Alltag. Doch wie reagiert man auf die psychischen Nöte von Patientinnen und Patienten? Das Projekt „MHFA Ersthelfer“ gibt psychologischen Laien Anleitung für schwierige Situationen.
Implantate in der Unfallchirurgie und Orthopädie
Authors: Wagenhäuser Kirsten
Published: January 2024

In unserer neuen Serie lernen Sie Implantate aus speziellen Fachgebieten kennen: Aus welchen Materialien bestehen sie? Bei welchen Indikationen kommen sie zum Einsatz? Welche Besonderheiten, Vor- und Nachteile sowie Risiken oder Komplikationen gibt es? Im ersten Teil stellen wir Implantate vor, die in der Unfallchirurgie und Orthopädie verwendet werden.
Modeling mit MetaLog
Authors: Rewer Ellen
Published: January 2024

Achten Sie bei Ihrer Praxisanleitung auf Ihre Körpersprache, denken Sie dabei laut und beziehen die Patient*innen mit ein? Wenn ja, dann machen Sie entweder intuitiv alles richtig – oder Sie kennen bereits die Anleitungsmethode „Modeling mit MetaLog“. Für alle, die sich jetzt fragen, was das ist, gibt es hier einen ersten Einblick.
Belastungsbedingte Schmerzsyndrome – Multidisziplinäre Behandlungsleitlinie für Unterschenkelbeschwerden
Authors: Janssen Ingrid T.J.A. , Zimmermann Wes O. , Bakker Eric W.P.
Published: January 2024

Belastungsbedingte Schmerzsyndrome des Unterschenkels gehören zu den drei häufigsten Verletzungen bei Menschen, die im Beruf oder beim Sport viel stehen, schnell gehen und/oder viel laufen und springen müssen. Die niederländische multidisziplinäre Leitlinie „Belastungsbedingte Schmerzsyndrome des Unterschenkels“ gibt neue Einblicke in den optimalen Diagnose- und Behandlungspfad.
Die Transanale Endoskopische Mikrochirurgie (TEM) ist eine chirurgische Option zur Erhaltung der Stuhlkontinenz bei ausgewählten tiefsitzenden Rektumkarzinomen
Authors: Schaffitzel Katrin Marlene , zu Putlitz Stephanie , Gölder Stefan Karl , Kurek Ralf , Siech Marco
Published: January 2024

Einleitung Trotz der Erfindung vor über 40 Jahren hat sich die TEM nicht flächendeckend durchgesetzt. Gründe sind vor allem hohe Anschaffungskosten, die anspruchsvolle Technik und alternative Therapiemöglichkeiten (radikale Resektionsverfahren), die eine größere onkologische Sicherheit bieten. Allerdings kann die Vermeidung großer Bauchoperation mit Stomaanlage und häufigeren Komplikationen das höhere Rezidivrisiko für einige Patienten aufwiegen.

Wir untersuchten die Resultate der modifizierten und in der Anschaffung kostengünstigeren V-TEM bei der Resektion von Adenomen und Karzinomen und diskutieren den heutigen Stellenwert des Verfahrens anhand der Literatur.

Methode Zwischen 2003 und 2019 wurden 154 Patienten an 170 Befunden mittels V-TEM operiert. Die Daten zu Operation und Follow-up wurden retrospektiv erhoben und ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Das mediane Alter betrug 67 Jahre, 89 Patienten waren männlich und 65 weiblich. Die V-TEM wurde bei 79 Karzinomen, 77 Adenomen und 14 sonstigen Befunden eingesetzt. Die Komplikationsrate betrug 21,1%, eine R0-Resektion gelang in 78,8% der Fälle. Die Adenomrezidivrate betrug 7,3%, die Gesamtrezidivrate bei Karzinomen 11,9%, Lokalrezidive traten bei 6,8% auf. Das krankheitsspezifische Überleben betrug 100% nach 5 und 94,2% nach 10 Jahren.

Diskussion Der erfolgreiche Einsatz der TEM bei Adenomen und Frühkarzinomen ist unumstritten. Bei Karzinomen ab einem T1 high risk-Stadium muss jedoch mit Rezidivraten von über 10% gerechnet werden, wohingegen mit radikalen Verfahren bessere Ergebnisse erzielt werden können, weshalb diese als Therapie der Wahl in diesen Fällen gelten. Es gibt jedoch kaum Unterschiede bezüglich der Überlebensraten, zudem bietet die TEM eine bessere postoperative Lebensqualität. Insbesondere auch die Kombination neoadjuvanter Verfahren mit der TEM konnten in der Vergangenheit vielversprechende Ergebnisse bei fortgeschritteneren Stadien liefern. Weitere Studien und die geringeren Anschaffungskosten durch Modifikation zur V-TEM könnten der Methode in Zukunft größere Popularität verleihen.
Schröpfen – Ein Überblick
Authors: Veit Katrin , Zumhasch Rainer
Published: January 2024

Schröpfen ist eine traditionelle und komplementärmedizinische Praxis. In jüngster Zeit mehren sich Hinweise auf einen potenziellen Nutzen in der Behandlung von schmerzbedingten Krankheitsbildern.
Special Characteristics of Alpha Generation Children Behavior in Dentistry: A Literature Review
Authors: Hutajulu Jose Mario , Agustiani Hendriati , Setiawan Arlette Suzy
Published: January 2024

Technological developments and advances have influenced the emergence of a new generation, known as Generation Alpha. This generation comprises those born between 2010 and 2025. Born into a digital-savvy era, this generation has different characteristics from previous generations. This study aims to identify their special characteristics so that an approach can be taken, especially in managing children of the alpha generation in dentistry. A systematic search for articles, published between 2013 and 2023 analyzing the characteristics and behavior of the alpha generation and management behavior found in dentistry was conducted through PubMed, Google Scholar, SCOPUS, and EBSCO. The final analysis was carried out on 47 articles consisting of 10 articles discussing the characteristics of the alpha generation in general and 37 articles discussing the management of their behavior in dentistry. All the published articles found that an alpha child's characteristics are closely related to behavior management in dentistry. The ease with which alpha children adapt to technology is one of the strategies for managing the behavior of alpha children. However, apart from this, the alpha children tend to be unappreciative of the process, which can affect dental behavior management. Specific characteristics of the alpha generation, such as increased exposure to technology, digital media consumption habits, and lack of respect for the process, have important implications for communication and adaptation to patient behavior management in dentistry. Understanding these characteristics is crucial for designing an effective communication strategy and adjusting appropriate behavior management to maintain the quality of dental care for this generation in the dentistry environment.
Effect of Surface Treatment and Resin Cement on the Bond Strength of an Advanced Lithium Disilicate
Authors: Lu Yuqing , Bierman Thera Elisa , Dal Piva Amanda Maria de Oliveira , Tribst João Paulo Mendes , Feilzer Albert J. , Kleverlaan Cornelis J.
Published: January 2024

Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of surface treatment and resin cement on the bond strength of conventional and advanced lithium disilicates (ALDs).

Materials and Methods Ceramic slices (2 × 13 × 15 mm) of conventional lithium disilicate (LD) (IPS e.max CAD) and ALD (CEREC Tessera) were sectioned, polished, and divided into 16 groups (n = 10) according to the factors: ceramic, surface treatment, and resin cement (Panavia V5 and Variolink Esthetic DC). Surface treatments consisted of hydrofluoric acid 4.9% etching for 20 seconds (Hf20) or 30 seconds (Hf30), self-etching ceramic primer (Se), and sandblasting (Sb). Then, a resin cement cylinder (Ø = 2.5 mm) was manufactured on each specimen's surface. The specimens were then submitted to a shear bond strength (SBS) test. Surface roughness was evaluated through a contact profilometer, and surface morphology was evaluated under scanning electron microscopy for qualitative analysis.

Statistical Analysis Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data of SBS and surface roughness. For bond strength, the effects of surface treatment, resin cement, and the interaction were analyzed for each ceramic. For roughness, analyzed factors include ceramic and surface treatment.

Results ANOVA revealed that ceramic (p = 0.047) and surface treatment (p < 0.001) factors affected the bond strength, while the cements performed similarly. Both materials showed adequate bond strength (ALD 19.1 ± 7.7 MPa; LD 17.1 ± 7.9 MPa). Sb protocol showed the lowest mean value (9.6 ± 2.9 MPa) compared with Hf20 (22.0 ± 7.1 MPa), Hf30 (21.7 ± 7.4 MPa), and Se (19.3 ± 6.0 MPa).

Conclusion For both ceramics, the highest performance was obtained after applying Se and Hf20 or Hf30. Therefore, longer etching time is unnecessary. Sb protocol must be avoided.
Antifungal Resistance in Pulmonary Aspergillosis
Authors: Verweij Paul E. , Song Yinggai , Buil Jochem B. , Zhang Jianhua , Melchers Willem J.G.
Published: January 2024

Aspergilli may cause various pulmonary diseases in humans, including allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA), and acute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). In addition, chronic colonization may occur in cystic fibrosis (CF). Aspergillus fumigatus represents the main pathogen, which may employ different morphotypes, for example, conidia, hyphal growth, and asexual sporulation, in the various Aspergillus diseases. These morphotypes determine the ease by which A. fumigatus can adapt to stress by antifungal drug exposure, usually resulting in one or more resistance mutations. Key factors that enable the emergence of resistance include genetic variation and selection. The ability to create genetic variation depends on the reproduction mode, including, sexual, parasexual, and asexual, and the population size. These reproduction cycles may take place in the host and/or in the environment, usually when specific conditions are present. Environmental resistance is commonly characterized by tandem repeat (TR)-mediated mutations, while in-host resistance selection results in single-resistance mutations. Reported cases from the literature indicate that environmental resistance mutations are almost exclusively present in patients with IA indicating that the risk for in-host resistance selection is very low. In aspergilloma, single-point mutations are the dominant resistance genotype, while in other chronic Aspergillus diseases, for example, ABPA, CPA, and CF, both TR-mediated and single-resistance mutations are reported. Insights into the pathogenesis of resistance selection in various Aspergillus diseases may help to improve diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Microbiology of Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia and the Role of Rapid Molecular Techniques
Authors: Pickens Chiagozie I. , Gao Catherine A. , Morales-Nebreda Luisa , Wunderink Richard G.
Published: January 2024

The microbiology of severe community acquired pneumonia (SCAP) has implications on management, clinical outcomes and public health policy. Therefore, knowledge of the etiologies of SCAP and methods to identify these microorganisms is key. Bacteria including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacteriaceae continue to be important causes of SCAP. Viruses remain the most commonly identified etiology of SCAP. Atypical organisms are also important etiologies of SCAP and are critical to identify for public health. With the increased number of immunocompromised individuals, less common pathogens may also be found as the causative agent of SCAP. Traditional diagnostic tests, including semi-quantitative respiratory cultures, blood cultures and urinary antigens continue to hold an important role in the evaluation of patients with SCAP. Many of the limitations of the aforementioned tests are addressed by rapid, molecular diagnostic tests. Molecular diagnostics utilize culture-independent technology to identify species-specific genetic sequences. These tests are often semi-automated and provide results within hours, which provides an opportunity for expedient antibiotic stewardship. The existing literature suggests molecular diagnostic techniques may improve antibiotic stewardship in CAP, and future research should investigate optimal methods for implementation of these assays into clinical practice.
Expecting the Unexpected: Schistosomial Appendicitis in Nonendemic Area
Authors: Aravessery Abdul Rasak , Raza Maroof , Azfar Mohammad
Published: January 2024

Background Schistosomiasis is a granulomatous disease prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas. Appendicitis secondary to schistosomiasis is a rarely encountered presentation, even in endemic areas. Most acute intestinal schistosomiasis presents with abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea. Other atypical clinical presentations include intestinal obstruction, peritonitis, and acute appendicitis.

Case Description We report a case of a 37-year-old male from the Philippines who presented with the clinical picture of acute appendicitis and was treated with laparoscopic appendectomy. Pathological study revealed calcified Schistosomia japonicum's egg in a background of acute inflammation.

Conclusion Worldwide increase in immigration and tourism resulted in an increased number of schistosomiasis in nonendemic areas. Considering this, we are faced with the uncommon etiology of acute appendicitis.
Local and dynamic regulation of neuronal glycolysis in vivo
Authors: Wolfe Aaron D. , Koberstein John N. , Smith Chadwick B. , Stewart Melissa L. , Gonzalez Ian J. , Hammarlund Marc , Hyman Anthony A. , Stork Philip J. S. , Goodman Richard H. , Colón-Ramos Daniel A.
Published: January 2024

Energy metabolism supports neuronal function. While it is well established that changes in energy metabolism underpin brain plasticity and function, less is known about how individual neurons modulate their metabolic states to meet varying energy demands. This is because most approaches used to examine metabolism in living organisms lack the resolution to visualize energy metabolism within individual circuits, cells, or subcellular regions. Here, we adapted a biosensor for glycolysis, HYlight, for use in
Caenorhabditis elegans
to image dynamic changes in glycolysis within individual neurons and in vivo. We determined that neurons cell-autonomously perform glycolysis and modulate glycolytic states upon energy stress. By examining glycolysis in specific neurons, we documented a neuronal energy landscape comprising three general observations: 1) glycolytic states in neurons are diverse across individual cell types; 2) for a given condition, glycolytic states within individual neurons are reproducible across animals; and 3) for varying conditions of energy stress, glycolytic states are plastic and adapt to energy demands. Through genetic analyses, we uncovered roles for regulatory enzymes and mitochondrial localization in the cellular and subcellular dynamic regulation of glycolysis. Our study demonstrates the use of a single-cell glycolytic biosensor to examine how energy metabolism is distributed across cells and coupled to dynamic states of neuronal function and uncovers unique relationships between neuronal identities and metabolic landscapes in vivo.
BRCA1 and ELK-1 regulate neural progenitor cell fate in the optic tectum in response to visual experience in
Xenopus laevis
tadpoles
Authors: Huang Lin-Chien , McKeown Caroline R. , He Hai-Yan , Ta Aaron C. , Cline Hollis T.
Published: January 2024

In developing Xenopus tadpoles, the optic tectum begins to receive patterned visual input while visuomotor circuits are still undergoing neurogenesis and circuit assembly. This visual input regulates neural progenitor cell fate decisions such that maintaining tadpoles in the dark increases proliferation, expanding the progenitor pool, while visual stimulation promotes neuronal differentiation. To identify regulators of activity-dependent neural progenitor cell fate, we profiled the transcriptomes of proliferating neural progenitor cells and newly differentiated neurons using RNA-Seq. We used advanced bioinformatic analysis of 1,130 differentially expressed transcripts to identify six differentially regulated transcriptional regulators, including Breast Cancer 1 (BRCA1) and the ETS-family transcription factor, ELK-1, which are predicted to regulate the majority of the other differentially expressed transcripts. BRCA1 is known for its role in cancers, but relatively little is known about its potential role in regulating neural progenitor cell fate. ELK-1 is a multifunctional transcription factor which regulates immediate early gene expression. We investigated the potential functions of BRCA1 and ELK-1 in activity-regulated neurogenesis in the tadpole visual system using in vivo time-lapse imaging to monitor the fate of GFP-expressing SOX2+ neural progenitor cells in the optic tectum. Our longitudinal in vivo imaging analysis showed that knockdown of either BRCA1 or ELK-1 altered the fates of neural progenitor cells and furthermore that the effects of visual experience on neurogenesis depend on BRCA1 and ELK-1 expression. These studies provide insight into the potential mechanisms by which neural activity affects neural progenitor cell fate.
Community-Based Ecotourism and Conservation in Tboli, Philippines
Authors: Alampay Ramon Benedicto A.
Published: January 2024

This case study narrates the story of Lake Holon and the choices made by the Municipality of Tboli (and the indigenous people whose name it bears) in opening their sacred lake to tourism. Until 2013, tourism to the lake had been limited to occasional expeditions and outreach activities by local mountaineering groups. The municipal government chose to adopt a community-based tourism strategy as a means of empowering the resident Tboli – especially those in the villages leading to, and around, Lake Holon. From 2014 to 2018, the municipality worked with five rural villages to develop ecotourism attraction sites, while also preparing the residents to operate and manage the attractions themselves.

This narration of the Tboli experience comes primarily from direct interviews and published quotes from two persons directly involved in establishing the tourism program: Rodel Hilado, the municipal tourism officer of Tboli since 2013, and Nelly Nita Dillera, regional director for the Department of Tourism (DOT) from 2013 to 2019. Both have graciously granted permission for their names and statements to be cited in this case study. Additional details on the program and the subsequent outcomes come from local government documents and other secondary sources.

Information

© The Author 2024
Experiment investigation of CO2 regeneration properties for JLOX500 and 13X in various ways
Authors: Sun Yongbiao , Tang Jianfeng , Sun Yunbing , Wen Xiaojin , Su Hexin
Published: January 2024

This work presented a comparative study of CO2 regeneration for two kinds of X zeolites (JLOX500 and 13X) in different ways, such as vacuum, CH4 purge and heating regeneration. The materials characteristics of samples were determined by EDS and BET. The adsorption capacities of CO2 for original and regenerated samples were identified as the single-point adsorption dosing CO2 at 800 kPa. The results showed that JLOX500 had larger original adsorption capacity (OAC) of CO2 (4.83 mmol/g) than that of 13X (4.10 mmol/g). In vacuum regeneration, the regenerated adsorption capacities (RAC) of CO2 for both samples were almost same at all vacuum pressures (1 ~ 100 kPa); in CH4 purge regeneration, the regeneration degree (RD) for both samples were identical to each other with the flowrates (50 ~ 300 mL/min); in heating regeneration, JLOX500 had larger RACs than 13X at temperatures (50 ~ 300 °C), but had less RDs. The RACs and RDs for JLOX500 and 13X both increased as the regeneration time was prolonged. 13X would be more efficient adsorbent in the vacuum regeneration, whereas JLOX500 performed better in purge and heating regeneration.
CFD simulation of flyash fluidized-bed pulverization with superheated steam
Authors: Zhang Hongyang , Hong Yun , Liu Lin , Hu Bin , Li Jun
Published: January 2024

The supersonic pulverization technology uses superheated steam generated by the boiler to generate supersonic airflow through the Laval nozzle, and accelerates the flyash fed into the crushing chamber by the screw feeder, and then the flyash can be crushed in mutual collision and friction process. The present paper conducted CFD simulation of fluidized-bed pulverization with superheated steam, and both the velocity filed and the particle tracks are obtained. Convergence test was performed firstly to verify the numerical results, and three different meshes and several different numbers of particles are employed here to show the average velocity of the particles through a certain horizontal plane. The effect of some key parameters, such as distance between the two opposite nozzles and feeding locations of the flyash to the velocity filed and the particle velocity are also numerically investigated. Results show that, the best distance between the two opposite nozzles of the four-nozzle case is 142 mm and the average particle velocity distribution varies little with the flyash feeding position for the present jet mill model.
Strategies for maintaining indoor temperature in rural residences in highland pastoral areas
Authors: Sun Chang , Ju Xiaolei , Hao Wengang , Li Chunying , Zhang Jingyuan , Dong Xu
Published: January 2024

Previous studies on improving indoor thermal environments focus on plain areas. However, the scattered rural residences in highland pastoral areas have special climatic conditions and living habits. This article presents an approach to utilize the abundant renewable energy in the local area to create an indoor thermal environment that residents need. A rural village in Qinghai province of China was taken as the target; we used field investigation and questionnaire survey to explore typical layout. Combined with local building codes, two envelope and two heating systems were proposed to achieve indoor thermal comfort. We also introduce building simulation models and field tests to discover four combinations’ energy-saving effects in maintaining indoor thermal comfort. The average energy-saving rate in the heating season of the four schemes is 89.31%, and the mean temperature is 16.64 °C. The results suggest the heating system has a more significant influence on energy consumption than the enclosure structure, which needs attention under the same budget situation. The solar air heating system has better indoor temperature maintenance effects than the carbon fiber floor heating system. Regarding construction, the prefabricated integrated enclosure structures improve thermal insulation performance significantly.
Analysis of students’ scientific reasoning ability on static fluid topics
Authors: Fernando T J , Parno  , Diantoro M
Published: January 2024

The aim of the research was to identify the Scientific Reasoning abilities of high school students on the topic of Static Fluids. This type of research is a quantitative survey design. This survey research involved 78 class XII students at a private high school in East Java, Indonesia who had taken the material. This research uses a Scientific Reasoning Test instrument in the form of an essay with 7 questions at the HOTS level with Cronbach’s Alpha reliability of 0.77. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics followed by classification based on the Static Fluid subtopic and level of Scientific Reasoning ability. The survey results show that the average score of students is 20.15 with a concrete operational level. The results of other studies indicate that the subtopics all at the concrete operational level. Meanwhile, if we look at the scientific reasoning indicators, it is found that the proportional reasoning indicators are the most problematic, with an average of 18.43 level 1. Scientific reasoning abilities are related to the mastery of concepts and learning experienced by students, therefore it is necessary to use learning that can explore these abilities such as Science, Technology, Engineering, Art and Mathematics (STEAM).
Exploration of students’ scientific literacy in work and energy through STEM-based 7E learning cycle with formative assessment
Authors: Parno  , Putri M K , Munfaridah N , Khusaini  , Fitri N , Ali M
Published: January 2024

21st century education requires students to have scientific literacy competencies to overcome problems in society in the globalization era. The low scientific literacy is closely related to students’ difficulties in work and energy topic. Solution is needed to improve scientific literacy by designing appropriate learning model. This study has a purpose to analyze students’ scientific literacy on work and energy through STEM-based 7E learning cycle with formative assessment. This study used embedded experimental mixed method design. The subjects were 27 of tenth grade students of Laboratory UM high school, Indonesia. Data were collected using essays of scientific literacy test with 0.657 reliability and interviews. Data were analyzed quantitatively using paired sample t-test, N-gain, and d-effect size. While the qualitative using data collection procedures, data reduction, coding, presentation, and building a conclusion. The results indicated STEM-based 7E learning cycle with formative assessment was able to increase significantly students’ scientific literacy in medium category. The results showed that majority of students at Conceptual Level which students are able to answer related with the main concept of kinetic and potential energy but but did not go beyond the concepts of scientific discipline. However, students have difficulties on indicator of creating and evaluating the experiments. For future studies, 9E Learning Cycle or aspects of ‘Art’ could be added in STEM to gain even higher students’ scientific literacy.
Thermal conductivity measurement experiment of metal using heat sensor and Arduino
Authors: Damaira Y A , Muninggar J , Setiawan A
Published: January 2024

The characteristics of metals are very important to know in order to get optimal utilisation. In this research, a system for measuring the heat propagation of various types of metals is developed. Measurements will be made using a number of LM35 sensors placed scattered on the metal to be tested. In this research, Arduino is used to read the data through ADC which then sends the data to the computer. The data is then processed simultaneously for several metal samples so that the heat propagation of each can be compared. The fixed parameters used in this research are the area of each plate and also the distance between the plates. Finally, the success of the method to measure the heat propagation of different metals is reported. Further results can be developed to identify different types of metals and their purity.
Policy as a catalyst in shaping mobility sector transition for developing countries
Authors: Butt Muhammad Huzaifa , Roy Joyashree , Some Shreya
Published: January 2024

This paper presents a modified technology innovation system (MTIS) approach applicable to developing countries. Evidence collected over three decades 1992–2022, shows how policy plays a catalytic role in managing multidimensional low-emission mobility transitions in developing countries such as Pakistan. This paper follows policy and the network of actors, institutions and technology in compressed natural gas (CNG)-based mobility transition in Pakistan. Event-based analysis helped in mapping the development of respective functions, which is later validated by expert consultation. Between 1992 and 2002, deliberate policies for early adoption were put in place to strategically manage a desired transition path. This involved providing guidance and knowledge diffusion through demonstration to increase entrepreneurial activities and market formation. The accelerated diffusion during the take-off period during 2003–2012 was due to the entry of private businesses and multinational companies speeding up entrepreneurial activity and market-formation functions. However, there was a clear policy-driven roll-back and deceleration during 2013–2022. Policies designed to ban CNG licence issuance and renewal resulted in detrimental effects on market and entrepreneurial activities. Social struggle arising from roll-back is now caught in a dilemma if policy innovation will lead to re-emergence of CNG or will support a new transition cycle through the emergence and adoption of electric vehicles in the mobility space of Pakistan. Rapid shifts in the global landscape of innovation and market conditions are creating a need for the effective handling of cascading transition management in developing countries. This paper outlines how lessons learnt from Pakistan’s CNG-MTIS can help in shaping electric vehicle MTIS not only in Pakistan, but also in many other developing countries. It is recommended that, in order to manage cascading transitions in developing countries, new approaches and strategies for reskilling, retraining and redirecting finances to address stranded assets be employed. This can mitigate the negative impacts on those affected by transformation and create an environment for a just transition that restores trust in policy and accelerates transformative change.
Does ERA5-land capture the changes in the terrestrial hydrological cycle across the globe?
Authors: Dutta Riya , Markonis Yannis
Published: January 2024

Changes in the terrestrial hydrological cycle determine the future water availability across the globe with profound impacts in different facets of society. Precise estimation of such changes is vital for the effective implementation of water management policies. Among the numerous data products that describe the hydrological cycle components, ERA5-Land is one of the most increasingly used dataset. Still, there has been no assessment of its ability capacity to represent the water cycle shifts variability over land. This study endeavors to bridge this gap by comparing the magnitude and direction of change in precipitation minus evaporation (P—E) and runoff, as estimated globally by the ERA5-Land data product. Our findings reveal significant inconsistencies in the changes identified, with the climatological mean of P—E decreasing more substantially than runoff for numerous regions. Consequently, ERA5 presents a declining water availability for most of the regions, but the magnitude of change is incompatible to the change between P—E and runoff. To further validate, the estimates provided by the ERA5-Land product, two different hydrologic models (TerraClimate and Global Land Data Assimilation System, GLDAS-Noah) are also utilized. TerraClimate demonstrates a more reasonable alignment between changes in P—E and runoff, followed by GLDAS-Noah, particularly for the arid regions lying in the parts of Northern Africa and Southern Asia, the European continent, and the northern parts of Asia. Inconsistencies remain high for the tropical regions for both data products. Still, the estimates of change in water availability are better represented by the hydrologic model-based data sources for most parts of the globe, especially for the regions with low precipitation, such as the regions with arid and continental climates. Our results imply that ERA5-Land should be used with extreme caution when assessing the long-term changes in the terrestrial water cycle. Additionally, pinpointing the regions of the highest bias can help to improve the hydrological coupling of ERA5-Land in future versions of the reanalysis.
Breakdown of the Meissner effect at the zero exceptional point in non-Hermitian two-band BCS model
Authors: Taira Takano
Published: January 2024

The spontaneous symmetry breaking of a continuous symmetry in complex field theory at the exceptional point (EP) of the parameter space is known to exhibit interesting phenomena, such as the breakdown of a Higgs mechanism. In this work, we derive the complex Ginzburg–Landau model from a non-Hermitian two-band Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer model via path integral and investigate its spontaneous symmetry breaking. We find that analog to the Higgs mechanism, the Meissner effect of the complex Ginzburg–Landau model also breaks down at the EP while the gap parameters stay finite.
Bioassembly of multicellular spheroids to mimic complex tissue structure using surface-modified magnetized nanofibers
Authors: Byun Hayeon , Lee Sangmin , Shin Heungsoo
Published: January 2024

Advancements in biofabrication have led to major strides toward creating authentic organ models; however, replicating intricate organ structures without scaffolds remains challenging. In this study, we introduce a method utilizing surface-modifiable magnetic nanofibers to achieve precise control over spheroid functions and geometrical features, allowing the creation of multiple functional domains within a single microtissue. We generated magnetized nanofibers by electrospinning magnetic nanoparticles dispersed in poly-L-lactic acid solution. These fibers were then coated with polydopamine (PD) to enhance their biological functions, particularly reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging. These PD-coated magnetic fibers (PMFs) had magnetic-responsive properties when incorporated into human dermal fibroblast spheroids (0.019 ± 0.001 emu g−1). Furthermore, PMFs within the spheroids effectively regulated ROS levels by upregulating the expression of key anti-oxidative genes such as superoxide dismutase-1 (2.2 ± 0.1) and glutathione peroxidase-1 (2.6 ± 0.1). By exploiting the magnetic responsiveness of spheroids, we were able to assemble them into various structures such as linear, triangular, and square structures using remotely applied magnetic forces. Within the assembled three-dimensional constructs, the cells in spheroids incorporating PMFs demonstrated resistance to ROS regulatory activity in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, while spheroids composed of bare fibers exhibited high ROS levels. Furthermore, we assembled spheroids containing fibroblasts and endothelial cells into complex tissue structures resembling vessels under magnetic manipulation. This innovative method holds tremendous promise for organ modeling and regenerative medicine due to the unprecedented control it allows in developing microtissues that closely emulate real organs.
Tuning the atomic and electronic structures of mirror twin boundaries in molecular beam epitaxy grown MoSe2 monolayers via rhenium doping
Authors: Yu Zhoubin , Xia Yipu , Komsa Hannu-Pekka , Zhang Junqiu , Xie Maohai , Jin Chuanhong
Published: January 2024

Interplay between defects like mirror twin boundaries (MTBs) and dopants may provide additional opportunities for furthering the research on two-dimensional monolayer (ML) transition metal dichalcogenides. In this work, we successfully dope rhenium (Re) into molecular beam epitaxy grown ML MoSe2 and confirm the formation of a new type of MTBs, named 4|4E-M (M represents metal, Mo/Re) according to the configuration. Data from statistic atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy also reveals a preferable MTB enrichment of Re dopants, rather than intra-domain. In conjunction with density functional theory calculation results, we propose the possible routes for Re doping induced formation of 4|4E-M MTBs. Electronic structures of Re doped MTBs in ML MoSe2 are also predicted theoretically and then preliminarily tested by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy.
Asymmetric tethering by exocyst in vitro requires a Rab GTPase, an R-SNARE and a Sac1-sensitive phosphoinositide lipid
Authors: Rossi Guendalina , Puller Gabrielle C. , Brennwald Patrick
Published: January 2024

Tethering factors play a critical role in deciphering the correct combination of vesicle and target membrane, before SNARE complex formation and membrane fusion. The exocyst plays a central role in tethering post-Golgi vesicles to the plasma membrane, although the mechanism by which this occurs is poorly understood. We recently established an assay for measuring exocyst-mediated vesicle tethering in vitro and we have adapted this assay to examine the ability of exocyst to tether vesicles in an asymmetric manner. We demonstrate that exocyst differs from another post-Golgi vesicle tethering protein, Sro7, in that it is fully capable of tethering vesicles with a functional Rab GTPase, Sec4, to vesicles lacking a functional Rab GTPase. Using this assay, we show that exocyst requires both the Rab and R-SNARE, Snc1, to be present on the same membrane surface. Using Sac1 phosphatase treatment, we demonstrate a likely role for phosphoinositides on the opposing Rab-deficient membrane. This suggests a specific model for exocyst orientation and its points of contact between membranes during heterotypic tethering of post-Golgi vesicles with the plasma membrane.
To normalize or not?: Dilute Russell viper venom time testing
Authors: Zhang Yong , Creer Michael , Oladipo Olajumoke O
Published: January 2024

Objectives

We conducted a comparison between the nonnormalized dilute Russell viper venom time (dRVVT) screen/confirm ratio (SCR) in patient plasma and the normalized SCR obtained using reference pooled plasma. The aim was to assess the impact of normalization on the lupus anticoagulant (LA) status in our patient population.

Methods

In our retrospective analysis, we included a total of 464 patients who underwent dRVVT testing. For those with positive screens, mixing studies were performed, followed by confirmatory testing. Additionally, the dRVVT of reference pooled plasma was measured. A positive conventional (nonnormalized) or normalized SCR was defined as an SCR greater than or equal to 1.2.

Results

In total, 5.6% (26) of the 464 samples tested were confirmed positive for LA by both methods, out of which 12 had a clinical history of thrombosis. Although a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (P = .0096) was found, the magnitude of absolute mean SCR differences (bias) was 0.04 (2.51%). There was 100% concordance of testing results between the 2 groups.

Conclusions

The lupus anticoagulant status by the dRVVT assay was not changed based on normalization. Normalization was of no clinical benefit in our patient population; therefore, there was no need for the extra calculation step. Normalization may be useful for intermethod and interlaboratory studies and not for within-method LA detection.
Personalized differential expression analysis in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Cai Hao , Chen Liangbo , Yang Shuxin , Jiang Ronghong , Guo You , He Ming , Luo Yun , Hong Guini , Li Hongdong , Song Kai
Published: January 2024

Identification of individual-level differentially expressed genes (DEGs) is a pre-step for the analysis of disease-specific biological mechanisms and precision medicine. Previous algorithms cannot balance accuracy and sufficient statistical power. Herein, RankCompV2, designed for identifying population-level DEGs based on relative expression orderings, was adjusted to identify individual-level DEGs. Furthermore, an optimized version of individual-level RankCompV2, named as RankCompV2.1, was designed based on the assumption that the rank positions of genes and relative rank differences of gene pairs would influence the identification of individual-level DEGs. In comparison to other individualized analysis algorithms, RankCompV2.1 performed better on statistical power, computational efficiency, and acquired coequal accuracy in both simulation and real paired cancer-normal data from ten cancer types. Besides, single sample GSEA and Gene Set Variation Analysis analysis showed that pathways enriched with up-regulated and down-regulated genes presented higher and lower enrichment scores, respectively. Furthermore, we identified 16 genes that were universally deregulated in 966 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) samples and interacted with Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs or antineoplastic agents, indicating notable therapeutic targets for TNBC. In addition, we also identified genes with highly variable deregulation status and used these genes to cluster TNBC samples into three subgroups with different prognoses. The subgroup with the poorest outcome was characterized by down-regulated immune-regulated pathways, signal transduction pathways, and apoptosis-related pathways. Protein–protein interaction network analysis revealed that OAS family genes may be promising drug targets to activate tumor immunity in this subgroup. In conclusion, RankCompV2.1 is capable of identifying individual-level DEGs with high accuracy and statistical power, analyzing mechanisms of carcinogenesis and exploring therapeutic strategy.
Quantification of biases in predictions of protein–protein binding affinity changes upon mutations
Authors: Tsishyn Matsvei , Pucci Fabrizio , Rooman Marianne
Published: January 2024

Understanding the impact of mutations on protein–protein binding affinity is a key objective for a wide range of biotechnological applications and for shedding light on disease-causing mutations, which are often located at protein–protein interfaces. Over the past decade, many computational methods using physics-based and/or machine learning approaches have been developed to predict how protein binding affinity changes upon mutations. They all claim to achieve astonishing accuracy on both training and test sets, with performances on standard benchmarks such as SKEMPI 2.0 that seem overly optimistic. Here we benchmarked eight well-known and well-used predictors and identified their biases and dataset dependencies, using not only SKEMPI 2.0 as a test set but also deep mutagenesis data on the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike protein in complex with the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. We showed that, even though most of the tested methods reach a significant degree of robustness and accuracy, they suffer from limited generalizability properties and struggle to predict unseen mutations. Interestingly, the generalizability problems are more severe for pure machine learning approaches, while physics-based methods are less affected by this issue. Moreover, undesirable prediction biases toward specific mutation properties, the most marked being toward destabilizing mutations, are also observed and should be carefully considered by method developers. We conclude from our analyses that there is room for improvement in the prediction models and suggest ways to check, assess and improve their generalizability and robustness.
GRIM-19 deficiency promotes macrophage polarization to the M1 phenotype partly through glycolysis in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion
Authors: Wang Bingyu , Yang Yang , Ye Jinwen , Han Xiaojuan , Yang Lin , Huang Yufei , Chao Lan
Published: January 2024

The occurrence of unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA) is closely related to immune system disorders, however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of GRIM-19 in URSA and the possible pathogenesis of URSA according to macrophage polarization. Here, we showed that GRIM-19 was downregulated in the uterine decidual macrophages of patients with URSA and that GRIM-19 downregulation was accompanied by increased M1 macrophage polarization. Furthermore, the expression levels of glycolytic enzymes were substantially enhanced in the uterine decidual macrophages of URSA patients, and glycolysis in THP-1-derived macrophages was further enhanced by the downregulation of GRIM-19. Additionally, the increase of M1 macrophages resulting from the loss of GRIM-19 was significantly reversed in cells treated with 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG, an inhibitor of glycolysis). To provide more direct evidence, GRIM-19 deficiency was shown to promote macrophage polarization to the M1 phenotype in GRIM-19+/- mouse uteri. Overall, our study provides evidence that GRIM-19 deficiency may play a role in regulating macrophage polarization in URSA, and that glycolysis may participate in this process.