bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Socio-Spatial Variations in Commuting Patterns in Suburban Beijing
Authors: Zheng Wei , Wong Cecilia , Qiao Miao
Published: December 2019

With rapid urbanization and suburbanization in China, there is clear evidence of the decoupling of home-work locations in cities which is in contrast to the socialist danwei system where workers were housed in workplace compounds. This paper examines the diverse commuting patterns of
suburban neighbourhoods in the Beijing metropolitan region. The research first examines the relationship between the characteristics of commutes in terms of time, distance, and mode, and the socio-economic attributes of residents. The analysis allows us to examine how different socio-economic
groups, via latent class analysis, are often spatially concentrated in marginalized neighbourhoods, and further disadvantaged in their commuting experience. The socio-spatial variations in commuting patterns are analysed via GIS mapping analysis, statistical testing, and multiple regression
analysis. Major variations were found in the commuting patterns in terms of time, distance and mode across different socioeconomic groups and across various suburban neighbourhood types. The results from regression models further suggest that personal resources have the strongest influence
on commuting time but less so on distance, regardless of the type of neighbourhoods in which they live. The findings call for integrative planning and major transport measures, at different spatial scales, to shape commuting behaviour. Despite the unique institutional and cultural context
of China, the lessons learnt from the need to have integrative strategic planning are relevant to other cities, and especially those in the developing world which are undergoing rapid urbanization.
STILL RECORDING AFRICAN MUSIC IN THE FIELD
Authors: Roux Gerhard
Published: December 2019

Field sound recordings are an indispensable source of data for ethnomusicologists. However, to my knowledge there are no standards or guidelines of how this data should be captured and managed. With the progress made in machine learning, it has become vital to record data in a way that also supports the retrieval of information about the music. This article describes a model developed for field recordings that aims to aid an objective data gathering process. This model, developed through an action research process that spanned multiple field recording sessions from 2009–2015, include recording equipment, production processes, the gathering of metadata as well as intellectual property rights. The core principles identified in this research are that field recording systems should be designed to provide accurate feedback as a means of quality control and should capture and manage metadata without relying on secondary tools. The major findings are presented in the form of a checklist that can serve as a point of departure for ethnomusicologists making field recordings.
Local forms of diclofenac in the treatment of acute and chronic pain
Authors: Imametdinova G. R. , Igolkina E. V. , Chichasova N. V.
Published: December 2019

According to modern ideas, pain is a multidisciplinary problem with serious medical and socio-economic importance. The most common pain occurs in various structures of the musculoskeletal system. It is noted that the universal mechanism of acute and chronic pain is inflammation, which requires therapy with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Data on the effectiveness and good tolerability of local NSAIDs are presented. The latest recommendations of the international Committee ESCEO 2019 on the management of patients with osteoarthritis (OA), which confirms the effectiveness and safety of local forms of NSAIDs, in connection with which, ESCEO recommends their use in elderly patients, in patients with comorbid conditions and at high risk of adverse reactions. It is also envisaged to use these drugs for the treatment of OA before the appointment of systemic NSAIDs. The results of randomized clinical trials (RCTS) and meta-analyses confirming clinical efficacy and safety in the treatment of acute and chronic pain by one of the representatives of local NSAIDs-diclofenac sodium gel are presented. Diclofenac sodium gel has been shown to be more effective than placebo in the treatment of acute and chronic pain. Good tolerability of the drug was observed in patients in different age groups, including patients older than 65 years, and in patients with comorbid conditions. The results obtained indicate the effectiveness and good tolerability of diclofenac sodium gel, including long-term, and allow the drug to be widely used as symptomatic therapy for the treatment of acute and chronic pain, including in elderly patients and patients with comorbid conditions.
Evaluation of the clinical and anti-destructive effect of an anti-B cell preparation depending on concomitant therapy with basic anti-inflammatory drugs and glucocorticoids in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Kudryavtseva A. V. , Lukina G. V. , Smirnov A. V. , Glukhova S. I.
Published: December 2019

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness, safety and anti-destructive effect of anti-B-cell therapy (rituximab) in various combinations (RTM-mono, RTM + DMARD, RTM + GK) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in real clinical practice.

Materials and methods: Clinical and radiological evaluation of 110 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who received rituximab therapy (RTM) as monotherapy (group 1), in combination with methotrexate (group 2), leflunomide (group 3), and group 4 with other basic anti-inflammatory drugs.

Results: When assessing at 48 weeks of treatment with these regimens, the achievement of remission and a low degree of activity was observed in 22.36% of patients. An X-ray evaluation showed the absence of progression in the total score in 60.9%. When assessing progression in the monotherapy group, there was no progression in 76.92%, in the group of PTM + MT – in 54.29%, in the group of PTM + LEF – 65.0%, in the group of other DMARDs – 50% of patients. When assessing the clinical effect in the group receiving GK – remission and a low degree of activity – 19.67% of patients, in the group without GK – 21.05%. Assessing the radiological dynamics, it was shown that in the group not receiving GK – inhibition by the total score occurred in 54.55%, receiving – 61.54%.

Conclusion: This work has demonstrated the high therapeutic efficacy of RTM in real clinical practice. There were no significant differences in the degree of progression depending on the concomitant therapy of DMARDs or GK. In the treatment of RTM, inhibition of articular destruction is possible even against the background of clinical deterioration.
The use of melatonin as a neuroprotector in the therapy of ischemic stroke
Authors: Poluektov M. G. , Narbut A. M. , Shuvakhina N. A.
Published: December 2019

Statistics of the World Health Organization (WHO) show that the cerebrovascular disease is the second most frequent cause of death and the third – as the main disabling factor in the working age population. Timely treatment is the key to quickly recovering ischemic tissue. According to the different ischemic cascade stages, the variety of the treatment combinations are proposed. American Stroke Association guidelines 2018 contains no neuroprotectors. In this regard, there remains a need for a biochemical agent successfully blocking one or more stages of the ischemic cascade, preventing cell apoptosis. Melatonin is also considered as such substance due to its neuroprotective properties. The main function of melatonin is the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle. The nuclear and membrane receptors in various organs determines other biological effects of this hormone. The ability of melatonin to regulate the blood pressure, oncogenesis, ovaries cycle, retina function and differentiation of osteoblasts was found. The significant neuroprotective potential of melatonin is realized through the antioxidant, anti-excitotoxic and anti-inflammatory properties. The positive effect on the ischemic lesion size and stroke-related pathological conditions (delirium, insomnia) has been demonstrated both in animal experiments and in clinical studies.
Experience of using vasoactive therapy in patients with stage I-II venous discirculatory encephalopathy
Authors: Bel’skaya G. N. , Stepanova S. B. , Lukashevich I. G. , Luzanova E. I.
Published: December 2019

Introduction. We present the results of our own observational cohort study of patients with stage I-II discirculatory encephalopathy treated with a combination of dihydroergocriptine and caffeine (Vazobral®). Interest in this issue is due to the fact that cerebrospinal venous insufficiency plays a role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative and vascular diseases of the brain, leading to the development of cognitive impairment, the formation of secondary headaches, and reducing the quality of life of patients.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the drug Vazobral® in patients with stage I-II discirculatory encephalopathy due to venous discirculation in the presence of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency.

Material and methods: 102 outpatients (average age 63.5 ± 3.74 years, 25 (25.5%) men and 77 (74.5%) women) suffering from chronic cerebral ischemia and having signs of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency . Stage I dyscirculatory encephalopathy with mild cognitive impairment was diagnosed in 58 (59.2%) patients, stage II dyscirculatory encephalopathy with mild cognitive impairment was diagnosed. All observed had a duplex scan of the branches of the aortic arch, jugular and vertebral veins, with a measurement of the linear velocity of blood flow; the intensity of headaches, cognitive status, the severity of affective syndrome using special questionnaires were evaluated. For 3 months, patients took Vazobral® 8/80 mg per day. The data obtained were analyzed using computer programs SPSS and Statistica. Significance of differences – with a 95% CI, p <0.05.

Results. Significant positive dynamics was observed in patients with Vazobral®: a decrease in headache intensity (from 4.11 to 0.67 points), cognitive function assessment increased by 14% from the initial level, the severity of the anxiety-depressive symptom complex, significantly decreased by 38–56%

Conclusion. The drug Vazobral® can be recommended to increase the effectiveness of the treatment of patients suffering from stage I-II discirculatory encephalopathy with venous discirculation phenomena.
Inhibitor of biological effects of interleukin-6 sarilumab in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Karateev D. E. , Luchikhina E. L.
Published: December 2019

Despite progress in pharmacotherapy, there still are urgent needs in the development of new methods of drug therapy of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). New prospects for drug therapy are currently associated with sarilumab (SAR), recently registered in the Russian Federation for the treatment of moderate to highly active RA in adult patients. SAR binds to both membrane and soluble interleukin-6 receptors (IL-6r), blocking its pro-inflammatory effect. SAR has certain differences from its predecessor, tocilizumab: it is a fully human, not humanized, antibody, it is injected subcutaneously once every 2 weeks, it has a more pronounced affinity for IL-6r. SAR is a highly effective treatment for patients with RA, it has shown higher efficacy in monotherapy compared to the representative of the class of TNF inhibitors adalimumab. Clinical studies have shown approximately equal clinical efficacy parameters and a safety profile for SAR and tocilizumab. Sarilumab should be considered as a first-line biologic drug in patients with high inflammatory activity, as well as in patients resistant to anti-TNF.
Identifikasi Tumbuhan Paku di Hutan Penggaron Kecamatan Ungaran Kabupaten Semarang
Authors: Abadiyah Auliya Saadatul , Wahidah Baiq Farhatul , Hariz Anif Rizqianti
Published: December 2019

Indonesia has a strategic geographical area with high biodiversity potential, it is located in the equatorial region which causes Indonesia have a tropical climate. The biodiversity of forests in Indonesia includes ferns. Nail plants can be found with a variety of types in various environments, especially in shady areas such as forests. Ferns are plants that have an important role in the forest ecosystem as a source of germplasm. Besides that, ferns also have the potential as a source of food and medicine for the Penggaron Forest, or who is familiarly called the Penggaron Tourism Area, is one of the natural tourism objects located in Semarang Regency, precisely in Susukan Village, Ungaran District, Semarang Regency. This study aims to identify the species of ferns in the Penggaron Forest. Data collection techniques used in identifying plant ferns are: 1) orientation and exploration of locations; 2) gathering ferns by exploring along the main road to the location of the campsite; 3) record and document the ferns found in the field. The results of the identification of ferns in the Penggaron Forest there are 2 families of ferns consisting of 23 species of plants. The Scizaeaceae family consists of 4 types of plants namely Lygodium flexuosum, Lygodium japonicum, Lygodium palmatum, and Lygodium circinatum. While the Polypodiaceae family consists of 19 types namely Nephrolepis hirsutula, Nephrolepis biserrata, Dryopteris scotii, Adiantum, Adiantum raddianum, Mickelopteris cordata, Pteris ensiformis, Pteris asperula, Pteris biaurita, Pteris vittata, Adiantum, Adiantum raddianum, Mickelopteris cordata, Pteris ensiformis, Pteris asperula, Pteris biaurita, Pteris vittata, Adiantum, Adiantum raddianum, Mickelopteris cordata, Pteris ensiformis, Pteris asperula, Pteris biaurita, Pteris vittata crenata, Tectaria angulata, Tectaria maingayi, Tectaria heracleifolia, Pleocnemia irregularis.
Study of arsenic (V) removal of water by using agglomerated alumina
Authors: Romero Toledo Rafael , Ruiz Santoyo Víctor , Anaya Esparza Luis M. , Pérez Larios Alejandro , Martínez Rosales Merced
Published: December 2019

Arsenic is a toxic element for human health. It persists in the environment as a result of natural and anthropic contamination, generating nocive effects for consumers. Some of them can be cancer, cardiovascular disorders, hypotension, metabolic disease and peripheral neuropathy. Adsorption is considered to be one of the most effective technologies widely used in global environmental protection areas. The objective of this study was to generate a low cost agglomerated alumina adsorbent (A-1) for the effective removal of arsenic (V) from water and its comparison with a commercial agglomerated alumina (A-2). Both of them of 5 mm of diameter. The physicochemical properties of the adsorbents were characterized by various techniques, such as: XRF, zeta potential, XRD, adsorption-desorption of N2 and FE-SEM/EDS. Batch experiments were performed to evaluate the efficiency of removal of As (V) from water by A-1 and A-2. The point of zero charge of A-1 and A-2 was at pH 8.5 and 8.1, respectively. The experimental results in batches indicated that agglomerate A-1 has a higher adsorption capacity than A-2 (1.212 mg∙g-1; 1.058 mg∙g-1) in similar conditions, concentration of 15 mg∙L-1 of As (V), temperature (20± 2 °C) and pH 7. The adsorption processes of As (V) in A-1 and A-2 followed the kinetics of Pseudo-first order kinetic and the Freundlich isotherm. The results showed that the agglomerate A-1 is an attractive adsorbent for the effective removal of As (V) from water.
Estimación de parámetros operativos eficientes enfocados a la fabricación de bobinas eléctricas empleando un diseño experimental 2k
Authors: Ruelas Santoyo Edgar Augusto , Cardiel Ortega José Jovani
Published: December 2019

Introducción: Ante la importancia de la industria eléctrica del país por incidir en la mayoría de los procesos productivos de la economía, los retos en los cambios en el mercado energético y las nuevas regulaciones para los productores, surge la necesidad, desde el aspecto de la manufactura de ofrecer herramientas para mejorar los procesos de fabricación de productos eléctricos, la calidad del servicio y aumentar la confiabilidad del sistema. El transformador es uno de los elementos más importantes en el sistema de transmisión de energía, fabricarlo con bajos estándares de calidad representa problemas importantes tanto para los consumidores finales como para el sistema en general. El propósito de este trabajo es establecer condiciones de operación eficientes para la manufactura de bobinas eléctricas, minimizando la variabilidad de las dimensiones y permitir un correcto ensamble de los componentes que integran el transformador monofásico.Método: Se utilizó el análisis de capacidad para evaluar la habilidad del proceso al cumplir con las especificaciones antes y después de las mejoras, además, se desarrolló un Diseño de Experimentos Factorial 2k que permitió establecer condiciones de operación adecuadas en el proceso de manufactura además de determinar la influencia de la tensión del alambre y el proveedor del papel dieléctrico sobre las variables dimensionales de la bobina. Resultados: Con el estudio se encontró que los factores considerados tienen influencia significativa sobre las dimensiones de las bobinas, los niveles altos de cada factor permitieron minimizar las dimensiones, con ello fue posible cumplir con los límites de especificación, se logró mejorar el centrado del proceso en las variables del largo y ancho de la bobina al incrementar sustancialmente los índices de capacidad reales del proceso.Discusión o Conclusión: Los métodos estadísticos utilizados en este trabajo fueron una herramienta eficaz para estudiar el proceso, minimizar las dimensiones, mejorar la eficiencia del producto y los costos por re-trabajos.
Food Species of Collection and Culinary Culture: Biocultural Heritage of the popoloca community Todos Santos Almolonga, Puebla, Mexico
Authors: Santos Tanús Araceli , Aldasoro Maya Elda Miriam , Rojas Serrano Coral , Morales Helda
Published: December 2019

The Food Collection Species (EAR) are the set of foods (herbs, fruits, seeds, flowers and animals) that grow naturally and are part of the diet of different cultural groups. These foods allow the conservation of biodiversity, offer the possibility of diversifying the consumption of food and have healthier diets. Mexico is one of the countries with the greatest biological and cultural diversity: biocultural, which has originated the creation and conservation of biocultural kitchens. Of these, rural people, indigenous communities and women cooks, who reproduce their food practices and appropriate their natural riches through them, are primarily guardians. The biocultural kitchens are the essence of the preservation of the food culture. The analysis of this is relevant because through it the common dietary patterns are determined. The present investigation analyzes the alimentary culture between the settlers of Todos Santos Almolonga from the Biocultural Heritage focus, which contributes to the permanence of the consumption of 23 EAR; as well as the assessment and perception. The study was qualitative with mixed methods, for this a survey was carried out to 59 domestic units, two routes to the collection areas, 9 semi-structured interviews were applied, informal talks and activities were carried out to prepare local stews with the EAR The surveys, interviews, field notes and field diary were coded. It was found that there is a food culture based on the consumption of EAR, which is found in families that are engaged in field activities (52.5%), are those who mainly conserve local knowledge, produce-collect and present the highest consumption of collection food. There are two forms of access to these foods: by direct harvesting given their proximity and access and by commercial exchange for their remoteness or laborious harvesting. The forms of consumption of the EAR are primarily raw, roasted and boiled. The two factors that contribute most to the EAR are present in the diet of the inhabitants are: the sociocultural factor, reinforces the part of the collective identity and social fabric, and the health factor, where the population identified its importance from the nutritional, wellness and in the prevention of diseases. In the community, the sociocultural factor in the consumption of EARs on the economic criterion that is the dominant discourse in recent times and that downplays the entire cultural construction and view of indigenous peoples and communities was highlighted.
Determinación de la parábola de la vasculatura de la retina mediante un algoritmo computacional de segmentación
Authors: Jaime Giacinti David , Cervantes-Sanchez Fernando , Cruz Aceves Ivan , Hernández González Martha Alicia , López Montero Luis Miguel
Published: December 2019

El análisis cuantitativo de la arquitectura de las venas temporales superior e inferior y su monitoreo sobre el tiempo puede facilitar el diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno de la retinopatía diabética. En este trabajo se presenta un novedoso método que consiste de dos etapas correspondientes a la segmentación automática y modelado parabólico de las venas temporales superior e inferior en imágenes de fondo de ojo. En la primera etapa, el detector lineal multiescala (DLM) es empleado para detectar estructuras de tipo arterial en imágenes de la retina. Debido a que DLM es un método de realzado arterial, es necesario aplicar una estrategia de umbralización para clasificar pixeles de tipo arterial con respecto al fondo de la imagen, donde un valor de umbral determinado de forma experimental es comparado con cinco métodos de umbralización del estado del arte. En esta etapa, el método de segmentación propuesto es comparado con seis métodos especializados del estado del arte en términos de eficiencia de segmentación. En la segunda etapa, se desempeña un modelado parabólico mediante una estrategia de optimización utilizando un Algoritmo de Distribución Marginal Univariada sobre las arterias previamente segmentadas, y los resultados son comparados con dos métodos paramétricos del estado del arte y con las delineaciones realizadas por especialistas. Los resultados de segmentación arterial utilizando el detector lineal multiescala demostraron una alta eficiencia de segmentación obteniendo un valor de 0.9618 utilizando la base de datos DRIVE de imágenes de fondo de ojo. De igual forma, los resultados de modelado parabólico entregaron una eficiencia promedio de 0.825 con respecto a las delineaciones realizadas por especialistas oftalmólogos de las venas temporales superior e inferior. En base a los resultados de eficiencia y al tiempo computacional (5.62 segundos), el método propuesto puede considerarse como altamente apropiado para desempeñar diagnóstico asistido por computadora en el área de oftalmología.
Respuesta ambiental de poblaciones nativas de maíz del sureste de Coahuila, México
Authors: Espinosa Tamayo Lino Cesar , Rincon Sanchez Froylan , Ruiz Torres Norma Angélica , Martínez Reyna Juan Manuel , Benavides Mendoza Adalberto
Published: December 2019

Introducción: Las consecuencias del cambio climático se manifiestan en la modificación de las condiciones del ambiente (temperatura, precipitación, heladas, sequía, salinización de los suelos), por lo que se sugiere el estudio de la diversidad genética del maíz y su interacción con factores del ambiente. Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron evaluar el rendimiento, así como la respuesta a diferentes ambientes de 63 poblaciones nativas de maíz representativas de la variación genética en el sureste de Coahuila, México.Método: La evaluación agronómica de las poblaciones nativas de maíz de ocho grupos raciales se llevó a cabo en el ciclo primavera-verano de 2013 en dos localidades contrastantes y representativas de las condiciones ambientales del sureste de Coahuila. En cada localidad se establecieron los experimentos separando los bloques en áreas independientes, y en una localidad, en fechas de siembra diferentes. Las combinaciones de localidades × bloques fueron considerados como ambientes diferentes para explorar e interpretar la interacción genotipo × ambiente. En el presente documento se analiza la respuesta al ambiente de evaluación con base en el rendimiento de grano y los días a floración masculina.Resultados: Se identificaron ocho poblaciones con un potencial de rendimiento promedio sobresaliente a través de ambientes, con valores entre 7.4 y 8.5 t ha-1, representativas principalmente de las razas Tuxpeño, Ratón y Tuxpeño Norteño. Las poblaciones adaptadas a las áreas de transición-altura tuvieron un abatimiento promedio de 4.1 t ha-1 (55.0 %) en el rendimiento al ser expuestas a condiciones ambientales de altitud intermedia.Discusión o Conclusión: La interpretación gráfica de la interacción genotipo × ambiente permitió identificar y agrupar a los genotipos con adaptación específica en los ambientes de evaluación, así como aquellos con un comportamiento promedio a través de ambientes. Se identificaron y agruparon 22 poblaciones con adaptación a las condiciones de transición-altura, 14 a áreas de altitud intermedia y 27 poblaciones con un comportamiento promedio a través de ambientes.
Influencia del estiércol composteado y micorriza arbuscular sobre la composición química del suelo y el rendimiento productivo de maíz forrajero (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Jiménez Ortiz Manuela Margarita , Gómez Álvarez Regino , Oliva Hernández Jorge , Granados Zurita Lorenzo , Pat Fernández Juan Manuel , Aranda Ibañez Emilio Manuel
Published: December 2019

Introducción: El estiércol composteado (E) es una alternativa al reciclaje de nutrientes, y puede mejorar o mantener la fertilidad del suelo sustituyendo a la fertilización convencional. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar las características y composición química del suelo, porcentaje de infección del hongo micorrízico arbuscular (M) en raíz, características agronómicas de la planta, tasa de crecimiento en el cultivo, acumulación de nutrientes y rendimiento productivo, en respuesta del E y del Glomus intraradices (M) en maíz forrajero.Método: Se evaluaron seis niveles de fertilización orgánica (15, 30 y 45 t ha-1 de E, 15, 30 y 45 t ha-1 de EM), uno de fertilización química (FQ: 160-60-30 kg ha-1 de NPK), y un testigo (sin fertilizar: SF), en dos ciclos de cultivos (Ciclo, PV: primavera-verano y OI: otoño-invierno). Se utilizó E y G. intraradices. Las variables estudiadas en el suelo fueron: pH, conductividad eléctrica (CE), materia orgánica (MO), N, P, K, Ca, capacidad de intercambio catiónico (CIC), numero de esporas; en la planta: acumulación de nutrientes (N, P, K, Ca), porcentaje de infección en raíz, altura, numero de hojas y materia seca (MS); en el cultivo: tasa de crecimiento del cultivo (TCC), rendimiento de forraje en materia verde (MV t ha-1) y materia seca (MS t ha-1).Resultados: Con excepción del K en suelo y la CIC, el Tratamiento, Ciclo y la interacción de ambos factores afectaron (P<0.05) las variables que definieron la composición química del suelo (pH, CE, MO, N, P, Ca), la acumulación de nutrientes en planta (N, P, K, Ca) y el rendimiento de forraje en MV y MS. En OI, FQ presentó el menor contenido de MO; en PV, un incremento en el E (de 15E a 45E) permitió aumentar la MO (P>0.05). El N en suelo fue mayor en OI con relación a PV en todos los tratamientos (P>0.05). En OI, 30EM presentó la mayor acumulación de nutrientes en planta (N, P, K y Ca) con respecto al resto de los tratamientos (P>0.05). En ambos ciclos, PV y OI, 30EM tuvo el mayor rendimiento de forraje en MS (P>0.05).Discusión o Conclusión: La composición química del suelo, planta y el rendimiento de maíz forrajero fueron afectados por el uso de E solo o en combinación con M durante los ciclos PV y OI. El uso de 30EM representa una mejor opción de fertilización con relación SF y FQ debido a que la planta tuvo mayor producción de forraje en MS durante la PV y OI. El uso de G. intraradices en combinación con E contribuye a optimizar la utilización de nutrientes del suelo por la planta. Los resultados obtenidos son importantes para incrementar la calidad y cantidad de maíz forrajero.
Standard Definitions for Water Losses
Authors: Pearson David
Published: December 2019

A compendium of terms and acronyms and their associated definition in common use in the field of water loss management

SIBN: 9781789060874 (Paperback)

ISBN: 9781789060881 (eBook)
Real time controlled sustainable urban drainage systems in dense urban areas
Authors: Kändler Nils , Annus Ivar , Vassiljev Anatoli , Puust Raido
Published: December 2019

Stormwater runoff from urban catchments is affected by the changing climate and rapid urban development. Intensity of rainstorms is expected to increase in Northern Europe, and sealing off surfaces reduces natural stormwater management. Both trends increase stormwater peak runoff volume that urban stormwater systems (UDS) have to tackle. Pipeline systems have typically limited capacity, therefore measures must be foreseen to reduce runoff from new developed areas to existing UDS in order to avoid surcharge. There are several solutions available to tackle this challenge, e.g. low impact development (LID), best management practices (BMP) or stormwater real time control measures (RTC). In our study, a new concept of a smart in-line storage system is developed and evaluated on the background of traditional in-line and off-line detention solutions. The system is operated by real time controlled actuators with an ability to predict rainfall dynamics. This solution does not need an advanced and expensive centralised control system; it is easy to implement and install. The concept has been successfully tested in a 12.5 ha urban development area in Tallinn, the Estonian capital. Our analysis results show a significant potential and economic feasibility in the reduction of peak flow from dense urban areas with limited free construction space.
An Overview of Computational Tools of Nucleic Acid Binding Site Prediction for Site-specific Proteins and Nucleases
Authors: Wan Hua , Li Jian-ming , Ding Huang , Lin Shuo-xin , Tu Shu-qin , Tian Xu-hong , Hu Jian-ping , Chang Shan
Published: December 2019

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Understanding the interaction mechanism of proteins and nucleic acids is one of the most fundamental problems for genome editing with engineered nucleases. Due to some limitations of experimental investigations, computational methods have played an important role in obtaining the knowledge of protein-nucleic acid interaction. Over the past few years, dozens of computational tools have been used for identification of nucleic acid binding site for site-specific proteins and design of site-specific nucleases because of their significant advantages in genome editing. Here, we review existing widely-used computational tools for target prediction of site-specific proteins as well as off-target prediction of site-specific nucleases. This article provides a list of on-line prediction tools according to their features followed by the description of computational methods used by these tools, which range from various sequence mapping algorithms (like Bowtie, FetchGWI and BLAST) to different machine learning methods (such as Support Vector Machine, hidden Markov models, Random Forest, elastic network and deep neural networks). We also make suggestions on the further development in improving the accuracy of prediction methods. This survey will provide a reference guide for computational biologists working in the field of genome editing.
Design of Carbon-carbon and Carbon-heteroatom Bond Formation Reactions under Green Conditions
Authors: Kerru Nagaraju , Maddila Suresh , Jonnalagadda Sreekantha B.
Published: December 2019

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The development of C-C and C-heteroatom (C-N, C-O and C-P) bond reactions is a field of significant interest and has received momentous attention in modern organic chemistry. These reactions have been exploited in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and molecules of interest in materials science. With the increasing awareness of global warming and the use of renewable energies, it is of paramount importance to reduce the usage of hazardous chemicals in both industrial and academic research and to achieve a healthier environment through green practices. Green chemistry is a rapidly emerging approach that shows us a path for the sustainable growth of future science and technologies. In the recent past, healthy growth has been recorded in a number of organic reactions in aqueous media, which are environment-friendly and energy conserving. This review documents the literature on the development of green methodologies involving the design of C-C, C-O, C-N and C-P bond formations of coupling and condensed reactions. It emphasizes the exceptional practices and important advances achieved using alternative green tools, such as microwave (MW), high-speed ball milling (HSBM) and ultrasound irradiation techniques, and a variety of reusable catalysts and green solvents, with attention to water.
Chemical Compositions and Anti-cancer Activities of the Volatile Oils of Leaves and Rhizomes of Three Polianthes Species
Authors: Khang Pham Van , Hiep Hoang Phu , Lei Ma , Sida Shen
Published: December 2019

We report the isolation and determination of the essential oil composition from the leaves
and rhizomes of Polianthes tuberosa (P. tuberosa), Polianthes sessiliflora (P. sessiliflora) and Polianthes
longiflora (P. longiflora) species. These essential oils were extracted using supercritical CO2
extraction method, and their structures were characterised by GC-FID and GC/MS approaches. Methyl
2-aminobenzoate, isoeugenol, 5-octadecene, benzyl benzoate, 1-nonadecene, and diisobutylphthalate
were identified as their major chemical compositions. Moreover, the anti-cancer activity
of the total essential oils from these three Polianthes species was evaluated against five cancer cell
lines.
A Case of Small Bowel Obstruction During Labour: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges in a Resource-limited Setting: A Case Report and Review of Management
Authors: Mbonda Aimé Gilbert , Norbert Lemonge , Moutlen Ben Patrick
Published: December 2019

Background:

Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is defined as the partial or complete interruption
of intestinal content progression in the oral to the aboral sense. It is the third leading cause
of non-obstetrical surgical condition on pregnancy. It is a real emergency that requires early diagnosis
and adequate management to reduce maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality, which remain
high in developing countries.

Case Presentation:

This is the case of a 32-year-old black female refugee. She had a history of
abdominal surgery indicated for splenic rupture during a road accident some 10years ago. She was
admitted to the emergency unit for abdominal pain, vomiting and constipation persistent 4 hours
after home delivery. On admission, the patient was hemodynamically unstable with abdominal distention.
Abdominal ultrasonography revealed dilated loops. After intensive fluid resuscitation, the
patient underwent an emergency laparotomy.

Results:

The findings were a small bowel adhesion obstruction. The postoperative evolution was good.

Conclusion:

Intestinal obstruction on pregnancy is usually diagnosed late. This delays its management
and thus increases the rate of fetal and maternal mortality. The presentation of this case should
appeal to clinicians in emergency rooms (ED) who receive pregnant women to think about nonobstetrical
surgical conditions on pregnancies.
The Effect of Stem Cell Transplantation Therapy for Post Viral Chronic Liver Cell Failure on Associated Type II Diabetes Mellitus: A Pilot Study
Authors: Haydara Tamer , Gabr Mostafa , Abofreikha Mohamed , Bahnasy Abeer , Salama Hosny , Elhendawy Mohammed , Elkadeem Mahmoud , Abd-Elsalam Sherief
Published: December 2019

Background:

It was observed that type II diabetes mellitus associated with chronic liver
failure improved after stem cell transplantation. However, there were no adequate studies regarding
this issue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of stem cell transplantation on associated
type II diabetes mellitus and on the liver function tests.

Methods:

This pilot study included 30 patients of post-hepatitis chronic liver failure who were classified
into two groups: Group I included patients with chronic liver cell failure associated with type 2
diabetes. Group II included patients without type II diabetes. Autologous CD34+ and CD133+ stem
cells were percutaneously infused into the portal vein. Responders (regarding the improvement of diabetes
as well as improvement of liver condition) and non-responders were determined. Patients were
followed up for one, three and six months after the intervention evaluating their three-hour glucose
tolerance test, C- peptide (Fasting and postprandial), Child-Pugh score and performance score one
month, three months, and six months after stem cell therapy.

Results:

Both synthetic and excretory functions of the liver were improved in 10 patients (66.66 %) of
group I and in 12 patients (80 %) of group II. Significant improvement in the Oral Glucose Tolerance
Test in the responders of both the groups was well defined from the 3rd month and this was comparable
to changes in liver function tests and Child-Pugh score.

Conclusions:

Successful stem cell therapy in chronic liver cell failure patients can improve but not cure
the associating type 2 diabetes by improving insulin resistance.
Method of scheduling channel resources for onboard SpaceWire networks with TDMA
Authors: Korobkov I. L.
Published: December 2019

The article presents a new method for scheduling channel resources in SpaceWire onboard networks with support for TDMA technology. The network features based on the SpaceWire network standard and the STP-ISS transport protocol, which provides TDMA technology in the form of the «Scheduling» mechanism, were considered. This mechanism is used in networks with the goal of providing determinism, resolving conflicts and blocks when two or more devices are simultaneously trying to transmit data, occupying a limited channel resource. A comparative analysis of existing methods and algorithms for scheduling channel resources to design a schedule table was conducted. A new method of scheduling channel resources in SpaceWire onboard networks was presented and substantiated. A performance evaluation was carried out using the parameters significant for the space industry. It demonstrates the effectiveness of the developed method.
The Rationale for Industrial and Innovation Policy
Authors: Cimoli Mario , Dosi Giovanni , Stiglitz Joseph
Published: December 2019

The evolution of industries in the last two centuries in all countries has been closely supported by a wide range of public policies addressing the patterns of capital accumulation, trade rules, the organisation of markets, innovative efforts and the process of knowledge creation and diffusion. Specific institutions have been created supporting such developments and have played a key role in economic growth. The protection of infant industries, the definition of trade and intellectual property regimes, the distribution of rents and the coherence with macroeconomic policies are key elements of such policies. The current challenges of industrial and innovation policies are discusses in the light of recent experiences in emerging countries.Keywords: secondary sector, public policy, industrial policy, market/commercialpolicy, industrialization, international trade, intellectual property, macroeconomics
Coordenação, competição e estabilidade: lições da ‘reforma’ da política de ciência, tecnologia e inovação brasileira
Authors: De Oliveira Joelmo Jesus
Published: December 2019

Apresentamos uma discussão sobre os esforços de mudança da trajetória da política de ciência, tecnologia e inovação do Brasil por meio da investigação de uma política específica que era a síntese do modelo institucional que se pretendia alterar. A tentativa de mudança foi dirigida para os aspectos normativos da implementação. Conjugamos a análise desses aspectos com o uso de indicadores para o nível de competição e de priorização institucional da alocação orçamentária entre as diferentes macrorregiões do país. Com essa proposta metodológica, conseguimos argumentar sobre as influências de uma provável competição vertical, sobre a formação de capacidades para a coordenação federativa e sobre o papel das instituições e dos atores para a produção tanto de estabilidade quanto de mudança das políticas.Palavras-chave: orçamento público, gestão orçamentária e financeira, investimento, instituição de pesquisa, ciência e tecnologia, inovação, pesquisa científica, bolsa de estudo, administração federal.
Perspectivas teóricas da corrupção no campo da administração pública brasileira: características, limites e alternativas
Authors: Oliveira Júnior Temístocles Murilo , Lustosa da Costa Frederico José , Mendes Arnaldo Paulo
Published: December 2019

Este trabalho tem como objetivos investigar as perspectivas teóricas que vêm orientando a análise do fenômeno da corrupção no campo da administração pública brasileira e estudar a possibilidade da aplicação da teoria da ação social de Bordieu. Sobre as primeiras, estas se relacionam entre duas principais vertentes, relacionadas à modernização e ao neo-institucionalismo econômico. Encontram-se na literatura sobre o tema vários apontamentos acerca de determinados limites nos modelos de compreensão engendrados por tais vertentes, principalmente no que concerne ao reducionismo deles resultantes, cujo efeito seria a desconsideração de aspectos políticos, econômicos e culturais que seriam fundamentais para a compreensão da corrupção no Brasil. Na busca por alternativas que ultrapassem tais limites, encontrou-se proposta baseada na teoria da ação social de Bourdieu, mas sobre ela não se verificou a existência de experiências acerca de sua aplicação em casos concretos.
A governança corporativa em empresas estatais brasileiras frente à Lei de Responsabilidade das Estatais (Lei nº 13.303/2016)
Authors: Fontes-Filho Joaquim Rubens
Published: December 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é alinhar argumentos e informações para avaliar a situação das empresas estatais no Brasil, em particular quanto aos limites para seu desenvolvimento com base nas práticas de governança corporativa. A implementação dos comandos da nova Lei de Responsabilidade das Estatais (Lei nº 13.303/2016) trouxe perspectivas otimistas para o fortalecimento da governança dessas empresas, ampliando sua autonomia, a profissionalização da administração e a explicitação dos compromissos de consecução de objetivos de políticas públicas. Com base no referencial da teoria da agência e principal-principal, é descrita a situação das empresas estatais no Brasil nos vários entes federativos e elaborado o mapa das pressões e interesses dos stakeholders, com vistas a elencar potenciais desafios e exigências para o desenvolvimento das empresas estatais, segundo suas configurações de governança.
Teoria do Equilíbrio Pontuado: uma análise da execução orçamentária no Brasil no período de 1980-2014
Authors: Carvalho Daniel Izaias de
Published: December 2019

Este estudo analisa o comportamento de estabilidade e mudança na execução orçamentária da União, entre 1980 e 2014, buscando verificar a aderência da Teoria do Equilíbrio Pontuado na execução das políticas públicas por meio do orçamento federal. A análise descritiva da execução orçamentária por função indicou um padrão de distribuição das variações com períodos de estabilidade e pequenas interrupções. As maiores amplitudes de variações ocorreram nos anos 1986, 1989 e 1990, coincidindo com períodos de significativas mudanças institucionais. Da mesma forma, a redução na amplitude das variações observadas a partir de 1996 pode indicar alinhamento com a estabilização monetária como fator institucional que contribui para o equilíbrio da execução orçamentária.
Planos diretores e instrumentos de gestão urbana e ambiental no Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Nazareth Paula Alexandra
Published: December 2019

No contexto de expansão urbana desordenada, são fundamentais as ações dos governos para combater o avanço das desigualdades sociais. O plano diretor municipal, instrumento básico da política urbana, a ser elaborado e executado de forma participativa, possibilita a articulação com outros instrumentos de planejamento, financiamento e gestão públicos. Alguns indicadores, quantitativos e qualitativos, são apresentados buscando oferecer uma interpretação dos limites da implementação desses instrumentos nos municípios do Rio de Janeiro. A análise, com base na literatura pesquisada, indica que, em geral, os planos diretores tendem a não enfatizar a promoção do acesso à moradia; não há vinculação com os instrumentos orçamentários; e os objetivos e diretrizes para a política ambiental são genéricos, sem metas concretas, e não são autoaplicáveis. Conclui-se que as expectativas de um desenvolvimento socioambiental sustentável não são atingíveis com a utilização apenas formal, não efetiva, desse instrumento.
Política de gestão de riscos corporativos: o caso de uma agência reguladora da saúde
Authors: Martins Mary Anne Fontenele , Dos Santos Wildenildo Oliveira , De Brito Rodrigo Lino , Alves Gustavo de Freitas
Published: December 2019

Estudo qualitativo e descritivo-exploratório que objetiva relatar a experiência da elaboração da Política de Gestão de Riscos Corporativos da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa), no período de 01 de novembro de 2016 a 31 de maio de 2017, como ferramenta estratégica de governança corporativa. A fundamentação teórica envolveu a ISO 31000, COSO ERM e normas de referências em gestão de riscos. Por meio da técnica de triangulação, utilizando a pesquisa documental, a pesquisa-ação e a de levantamento, verificou-se que a política foi desenvolvida em cinco grandes etapas inter-relacionadas: 1) sensibilização da alta liderança, 2) desenvolvimento de competências e benchmarking, 3) consulta interna, 4) comunicação e disseminação interna e 5) discussão aprovação da política pela diretoria colegiada. Conclui-se que a experiência da agência foi bastante satisfatória, uma vez que superou as recomendações dos órgãos de controle. Quando há uma política amplamente discutida, que busca potencializar o alcance da missão institucional e fortalecer o modelo de governança, essa experiência pode ser replicada por outros órgãos reguladores, observando as suas devidas especificidades.
Papel do fiscal de contratos administrativos: uma análise sob a ótica gerencial na administração pública brasileira
Authors: Santos Vinicius Carvalho
Published: December 2019

O modelo de gestão pública implementado pela reforma gerencial trouxe umamodificação na forma estática de administração de necessidades públicas em comparaçãoa antigos modelos estruturais (patrimonialista e burocrático). Passou que a administraçãobusque melhores formas de realizar uma mesma função, porém com vistas sempre aoaprimoramento organizacional. Dessa forma, a máquina pública deve buscar melhoramentonas formas de planejamento e controle a fim de que o contrato seja voltado à defesa dosinteresses públicos, tendo como basilar que o principal objetivo do Estado é o atendimentodos serviços a ele demandados. Foi realizada uma pesquisa com vistas a mapear o papel dofiscal de contratos nesse novo Estado. A pesquisa tem caráter exploratório e bibliográfico.Por meio de análise documental, buscou-se destacar os problemas trazidos pelos antigosmodelos estruturais e as formas pelas quais poderiam ser implementadas na função dofiscal de contratos, para que o mesmo aprimore o planejamento e o controle efetivado peloEstado. Tendo na conclusão da pesquisa a constatação de que as atribuições do fiscal estãofocadas na ótica do Estado Gerencial na prevenção de vícios e no papel de fornecedor deinformações gerenciais para que o gestor tome decisões mais bem embasadas.