bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk factors of arytenoid dislocation after endotracheal intubation: A propensity‐matched analysis
Authors: Kong Xiangyu , Song Yang , Wang Lijun , He Guili , Ma Changhong , Zhao Rui , Wang Minjun , Shi Lin , Cui Wanming
Published: November 2022

Objective

Arytenoid dislocation (AD) after general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation (EI) is an iatrogenic injury that impairs patient function and requires reduction. We aimed to investigate the risk factors of AD following EI.

Methods

This retrospective case‐control study involved surgical adults who received EI for general anesthesia at a single institution from June 2010 to June 2020. Cases included all the patients who had AD. We used a ratio of 1:5 to identify patients in the propensity‐matched control group.

Results

Multivariate analysis of 49 cases with AD and 245 controls without AD demonstrated that the use of a nasogastric (NG) tube (odds ratio [OR], 23.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.8–84.1), undergoing abdominal surgery (OR, 3.7; 95% CI, 1.2–11.9), and an operative time longer than 3 h (OR, 5.2; 95% CI, 2.1–12.9) were risk factors for AD. We did not find significant independent associations between AD and 40 years or older age, gender, body mass index, whether a laryngeal mask airway was used, endotracheal tube size, and EI performers' experience.

Conclusion

The use of an NG tube, abdominal surgery, and longer operative time were risk factors for AD. Among these, the NG tube application showed a strong association with AD. Preventive measures of informing the patients of the increased risk and providing high‐level patient monitoring can reduce the incidence of AD.

Level of Evidence

III
Nutrition labeling, numerosity effects, and vigilance among diet‐sensitive individuals
Authors: Greenacre Luke , Chan Eugene Y. , Cohen Justin
Published: November 2022

Numerosity effects have been investigated in the psychology and marketing literatures. While the effects are documented in outcomes including money and temperature judgments, the potential application and effects of numerosity for nutrition labeling remain unexplored. In this work, we propose that vigilance offers one circumstance when individuals might succumb to numerosity effects. Within the context of nutrition labeling, we propose that the increased vigilance that people with diet‐sensitive illnesses have for specific nutrients on nutrition labels, counter‐intuitively, exacerbates the numerosity effect. We demonstrate that those with diabetes and those with hypertension, for example, are more vigilant for information on nutrition labels relevant to their condition, sugar, and salt, and this greater vigilance counterintuitively leads them to exhibit greater numerosity effects for those nutrients, influencing their food perceptions. As an illustration, we find that a person with hypertension would consider a food product with, say, 3 g of sodium to have less sodium content and be more healthful than one with 3000 mg, although the quantities are equivalent. Our research highlights to policymakers that a “one‐size‐fits‐all” solution for nutrition labeling is not appropriate.
Global bifurcation analysis in a predator–prey system with simplified Holling IV functional response and antipredator behavior
Authors: Yang Yue , Meng Fanwei , Xu Yancong
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we study a predator–prey system with the simplified Holling IV functional response and antipredator behavior such that the adult prey can attack vulnerable predators. The model has been investigated by Tang and Xiao, and the existence and stability of all possible equilibria are determined. In addition, they performed a bifurcation analysis and showed that the system undergoes a Codimension 2 Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation. In this paper, for the same model, we further show that the cusp‐type Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation can be of Codimension 3, which acts as an organizing center for the whole bifurcation set. In addition, we propose the existence of Hopf bifurcation of Codimension 2 and the coexistence of stable limit cycle and unstable limit cycle. In particular, we show that the antipredator behavior has great effect on the dynamics of the model, it may cause the predator population to extinct while the prey population will increase up to the carrying capacity. Numerical simulations including bifurcation diagrams and phase portraits are performed to illustrate and confirm the theoretical results. These results may enrich the dynamics of predator–prey systems.
The early days of ex vivo 1H, 13C, and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance in the laboratory of Dr. Robert G. Shulman from 1975 to 1995
Authors: Rothman Douglas L. , Behar Kevin L. , Petroff Ognen A. C. , Shulman Robert G.
Published: November 2022

This paper provides a brief description of the early use of ex vivo nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies of tissue and tissue extracts performed in the laboratory of Dr. Robert G. Shulman from 1975 through 1995 at Bell Laboratories, then later at Yale University. During that period, ex vivo NMR provided critical information in support of resonance assignments and the quantitation of concentrations for magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies. The period covered saw rapid advances in magnet technology, starting with studies of microorganisms in vertical bore high‐resolution NMR studies, then by 1981 studies of small mammals in a horizontal bore magnet, and then studies of humans in 1984. Ex vivo NMR played a critical role in all these studies. A general strategy developed in the lab for using ex vivo NMR to support in vivo studies is presented, as well as illustrative examples.
Health systems responsiveness towards the Mentor Mother Program for preventing mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV in military hospitals
Authors: Ibu Josephine Moshe , Mhlongo Euphemia Mbali
Published: November 2022

Aim

This study explored health systems responsiveness towards the Mentor Mother Program for PMTCT in the Nigeria Department of Defence hospitals. Factors affecting quality service were also highlighted, which gave helpful insights into the strategies employed by stakeholders to ensure that health systems responsiveness was propagated responsibly.

Design

An exploratory qualitative interview study.

Methods

Six semistructured interviews were conducted with six key informants (three doctors and three nurses) and one focus group session with six Mentor Mothers. Open coding of data was done to formulate themes and subthemes. Thematic analysis was adopted for analysis.

Results

Four themes emerged—Service Quality, Basic Amenities, Patient‐oriented Strategies and Factors affecting service Quality. These showcased the nonmedical components of health systems responsiveness and accentuated how well they were utilized to achieve health systems responsiveness.
Prevention of bleomycin‐induced lung fibrosis via inhibition of the MRTF/SRF transcription pathway
Authors: Pawelec Kendell M. , Varnum Megan , Harkema Jack R. , Auerbach Bruce , Larsen Scott D. , Neubig Richard R.
Published: November 2022

Bleomycin‐induced lung fibrosis is a debilitating disease, linked to high morbidity and mortality in chemotherapy patients. The MRTF/SRF transcription pathway has been proposed as a potential therapeutic target, as it is critical for myofibroblast differentiation, a hallmark of fibrosis. In human lung fibroblasts, the MRTF/SRF pathway inhibitor, CCG‐257081, effectively decreased mRNA levels of downstream genes: smooth muscle actin and connective tissue growth factor, with IC50s of 4 and 15 μM, respectively. The ability of CCG‐257081 to prevent inflammation and fibrosis, measured via pulmonary collagen content and histopathology, was tested in a murine model of bleomycin‐induced lung fibrosis. Animals were given intraperitoneal bleomycin for 4 weeks and concurrently dosed with CCG‐257081 (0, 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg PO), a clinical anti‐fibrotic (nintedanib) or the clinical standard of care (prednisolone). Mice treated with 100 mg/kg CCG‐257081 gained weight vs. vehicle‐treated control mice, while those receiving nintedanib and prednisolone lost significant weight. Hydroxyproline content and histological findings in tissue of animals on 100 mg/kg CCG‐257081 were not significantly different from naive tissue, indicating successful prevention. Measures of tissue fibrosis were comparable between CCG‐257081 and nintedanib, but only the MRTF/SRF inhibitor decreased plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1), a marker linked to fibrosis, in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In contrast, prednisolone led to marked increases in lung fibrosis by all metrics. This study demonstrates the potential use of MRTF/SRF inhibitors to prevent bleomycin‐induced lung fibrosis in a clinically relevant model of the disease.
Developing the radiation‐based sterile insect technique (SIT) for controlling Aedes aegypti: identification of a sterilizing dose
Authors: Chen Chao , Aldridge Robert L. , Gibson Seth , Kline Jedidiah , Aryaprema Vindhya , Qualls Whitney , Xue Rui‐de , Boardman Leigh , Linthicum Kenneth J. , Hahn Daniel A.
Published: November 2022

Background

The sterile insect technique (SIT) is emerging as a tool to supplement traditional pesticide‐based control of Aedes aegypti, a prominent mosquito vector of microbes that has increased the global burden of human morbidity and mortality over the past 50 years. SIT relies on rearing, sterilizing and releasing large numbers of male mosquitoes that will mate with fertile wild females, thus reducing production of offspring from the target population. In this study, we investigated the effects of ionizing radiation (gamma) on male and female survival, longevity, mating behavior, and sterility of Ae. aegypti in a dose–response design. This work is a first step towards developing an operational SIT field suppression program against Ae. aegypti in St. Augustine, Florida, USA.

Results

Exposing late‐stage pupae to 50 Gy of radiation yielded 99% male sterility while maintaining similar survival of pupae to adult emergence, adult longevity and male mating competitiveness compared to unirradiated males. Females were completely sterilized at 30 Gy, and when females were dosed with 50 Gy, they had a lower incidence of blood‐feeding than unirradiated females.

Conclusion

Our work suggests that an ionizing radiation dose of 50 Gy should be used for future development of operational SIT in our program area because at this dose males are 99% sterile while maintaining mating competitiveness against unirradiated males. Furthermore, females that might be accidentally released with sterile males as a result of errors in sex sorting also are sterile and less likely to blood‐feed than unirradiated females at our 50 Gy dose. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Incipient empyema as an embolic complication of group A streptococcal septic arthritis in a patient with concomitant influenza B infection
Authors: Callum Jack , Hinde Darcy , Chew Rusheng
Published: November 2022

A 43‐year‐old healthy male presented with left ankle septic arthritis. Surgical specimens cultured Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus, GAS) and IV benzylpenicillin was commenced. In the setting of coryzal symptoms, a chest radiograph and nasopharyngeal swab revealed a left‐sided pleural effusion and influenza B infection, respectively. Persisting fevers, rising CRP, and increasing breathlessness led to repeat chest radiography showing a rapidly enlarging left‐sided effusion. Following intercostal catheter insertion with intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy, 6 L of haemorrhagic fluid was drained leading to defervescence and clinical improvement. At follow‐up 4 weeks later, he was asymptomatic with a normal chest radiograph. Similar to previous reported cases of GAS empyema, this case was associated with concurrent viral respiratory tract infection, but is unusual as it arose through haematogenous seeding from an extra‐thoracic source. This case reminds clinicians to be aware of the strongly pyogenic nature of GAS and its significance as a potential cause of pleural infection, especially in patients with concomitant viral respiratory infections.
Using genetic algorithms for automating automated lane‐keeping system testing
Authors: Klampfl Lorenz , Klück Florian , Wotawa Franz
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we outline an approach for automatically generating challenging road networks for virtual testing of an automated lane‐keeping system. Based on a set of control points, we construct a parametric curve representing a road network, defining the dynamic driving task an automated lane‐keeping system‐equipped vehicle must perform. Changing control points has a global influence on the resulting road geometry. Our approach uses search to find control‐point sets that result in a challenging road, eventually forcing the vehicle to leave the intended path. We apply our approach in different search variants to evaluate their performance regarding test efficiency and the diversity of failing tests. In addition, we evaluate different genetic algorithm control parameter configurations to investigate the most influential parameters and if specific configurations can be seen asoptimal, leading to better results than others. For both studies, we consider another search‐based test method and two different random test generators as a baseline for comparison. The empirical results indicate that specific control parameter settings increase the overall performance for each search variant. While the population size is the most influential control parameter for all methods, the performance improvement when usingoptimalsettings is only significant for one method.
An integral model for high‐accuracy and low‐accuracy experiments
Authors: Qi Guanying , Liu Min‐Qian , Yang Jian‐Feng
Published: November 2022

A growing trend in engineering and science is to use multiple computer codes with different levels of accuracy to study the same complex system. Strategies are needed to combine the simulation results obtained at different levels of accuracy to produce an efficient surrogate model for prediction. In this paper, we propose an integral model to borrow as much information as possible from the low‐accuracy experiment. We ignore the Markov property assumed before and model the high‐accuracy experiment based on an integral form of the low‐accuracy experiment. The proposed model is more general thus better predictions are expected. Two explicit forms of some matrices and vectors used in our predictions are given. The effectiveness of the proposed model is illustrated with several examples.
Therapeutic Effect of Chia Seed Oil‐Based Ice Cream against Coronary Heart Disease in Wister Rat Model
Authors: Amin Sabahat , Saeed Muhammad , Yasmin Iqra , Iqbal Muhammad Waheed , Khan Wahab Ali , Azam Muhammad
Published: November 2022

The present study is designed to explore the therapeutic effect of chia seed oil (CSO) based ice cream against Coronary heart disease (CHD). CSO based ice cream is developed by using different concentrations of CSO (G2 3%, G3 5%, and G4 7%). The incorporation of CSO improves the DPPH activity of ice cream along with the betterment in the level of total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid contet (TFC) without affecting the sensory attributes. The bio‐evaluation trials are carried out on male Wister rats by feeding them with CSO based ice cream for 45 days. Blood serum of rats is taken and analyzed after 0, 15, 30, and 45 day intervals for the determination of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL). The results show a significant (p < 0.05) decrease (51%) in TG level in G3 (109.88–104.74 mg dL−1). HDL level is increased (25.23–35.78 mg dL−1) and LDL level decreases (29.19–23.18 mg dL−1) for all the groups. It can be concluded that CSO based ice cream has therapeutic effect to improve the incidence of CHD and to better improve the serum lipid profile.
Photobiomodulation and visual stimulation against cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease pathology: A systematic review
Authors: Monteiro Francisca , Carvalho Óscar , Sousa Nuno , Silva Filipe S. , Sotiropoulos Ioannis
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Given the ineffectiveness of the available drug treatment against Alzheimer disease (AD), light‐based therapeutic modalities have been increasingly receiving attention with photobiomodulation (PBM) and, more recently, visual stimulation (VS) being among the most promising approaches. However, the PBM and VS light parameters tested so far, as well as their outcomes, vary a lot with conflicting results being reported.

Methods

Based on Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases search, this systematic review summarizes, compares, and discusses 43 cell, animal, and human studies of PBM and VS related to cognitive decline and AD pathology.

Results

Preclinical work suggests that PBM with 640±30‐nm light and VS at 40 Hz attenuates Aβ and Tau pathology and improves neuronal and synaptic plasticity with most studies pointing towards enhancement of degradation/clearance mechanisms in the brain of AD animal models. Despite the gap of the translational evidence for both modalities, the few human studies performed so far support the use of PBM at 810‐870 nm light pulsing at 40 Hz for improving brain network connectivity and memory in older subjects and AD patients, while 40 Hz VS in humans seems to improve cognition; further clinical investigation is urgently required to clarify the beneficial impact of PBM and VS in AD patients.

Discussion

This review highlights PBM and VS as promising light‐based therapeutic approaches against AD brain neuropathology and related cognitive decline, clarifying the most effective light parameters for further preclinical and clinical testing and use.

Highlights

Light‐based brain stimulation produces neural entrainment and reverts neuronal damage

Brain PBM and VS attenuate AD neuropathology

PMB and VS are suggested to improve cognitive performance in AD patients and animal models

Light stimulation represents a promising therapeutic strategy against neurodegeneration
Correction to: Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning
Authors: Gottlob Georg , Inclezan Daniela , Maratea Marco
Published: November 2022

Chapters [“Statistical Statements in Probabilistic Logic Programming“ and “Efficient Computation of Answer Sets via SAT Modulo Acyclicity and Vertex Elimination”] were previously published non-open access. They have now been changed to open access under a CC BY 4.0 license and the copyright holder updated to ‘The Author(s)’. The book has also been updated with these changes.
Crafting in Dialogue with the Material Environment
Authors: Mäkelä Maarit
Published: November 2022

The chapter discusses craft making as an embodied practice that enables a profound (re)consideration of the relationship between the human and non-human realms. The core idea is the relationship between a craftsperson and the material world, especially how the maker is able to identify the types of matter that are productive for creative practice. The chapter introduces the author’s recent creative practice in which soil matter is gathered from the natural environment, processed further in the studio context, and then used as a part of ceramics making. The presented case is related to the wider discourse in which humans are understood as playing a critical role in planetary wellbeing and survival. The chapter proposes that craft making can act as a sensitizer that helps us in realizing and appreciating non-human actants around us. Crafting can also help in comprehending the importance of the caring actions we need to take and maintain towards the non-human world. In the chapter, craft is understood as a philosophical space that enables thinking through the ethical and ecological concerns related to the environment by providing an opportunity to practise and nourish a dialogical relationship with a specific environment.
Late time acceleration in Palatini gravity
Authors: Antoniadis Ignatios , Guillen Anthony , Tamvakis Kyriakos
Published: November 2022

Abstract

We investigate the effect of the quadratic correction αR2 and non-minimal coupling ξϕ2R on a quintessence model with an exponential potential V(ϕ) = M4exp(−λϕ) in the Palatini formulation of gravity. We use dynamical system techniques to analyze the attractor structure of the model and uncover the possible trajectories of the system. We find that the quadratic correction cannot play a role in the late time dynamics, except for unacceptably large values of the parameter α; although it can play a role at early times. We find viable evolutions, from a matter-dominated phase to an accelerated expansion phase, with the dynamics driven by the non-minimal coupling. These evolutions correspond to trajectories where the field ends up frozen, thus acting as a cosmological constant.
A method for high dynamic range 3D color modeling of objects through a color camera
Authors: Zhang Yanan , Qiao Dayong , Xia Changfeng , Yang Di , Fang Shilei
Published: November 2022

This paper proposes a novel method for enhancing the dynamic range of structured-light cameras to solve the problem of highlight that occurs when 3D modeling highly reflective objects using the structured-light method. Our method uses the differences in quantum efficiency between R, G, and B pixels in the color image sensor of a monochromatic laser to obtain structured-light images of an object under test with different luminance values. Our approach sacrifices the resolution of the image sensor to increase the dynamic range of the vision system. Additionally, to enhance our system, we leverage the backgrounds of structured-light stripe pattern images to restore the color information of measured objects, whereas the background is often removed as noise in other 3D reconstruction systems. This reduces the number of cameras required for 3D reconstruction and the matching error between point clouds and color data. We modeled both highly reflective and non-highly reflective objects and achieved satisfactory results.
The prevalence and risk factors of Trichomonas vaginalis in Wuhan and the Tibetan area, China: a two-center study
Authors: Zhu Xiaowu , Liu Linlin , Yixi Lamu , Yang Yanan , Zhang Yan , Yang Zhen , Chen Huali , Dong Jinfeng , Yang Shouhua
Published: November 2022

Trichomonas vaginalis(T. vaginalis) infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide and is associated with several complications. However, the paucity of research regarding the prevalence ofT. vaginalisinfection in the Tibetan area limits control efforts. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence ofT. vaginalisinfection in the Tibetan area by a comparison with the prevalence ofT. vaginalisin Wuhan city and to unveil the potential risk factors in the Tibetan area. This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among adult women attending gynecology outpatient clinics in two public hospitals (one in Shannan city of Tibet and one in Wuhan city) in China in 2020. Data were retrieved from the medical record system and laboratory information management system, includingT. vaginalisinfection, bacterial vaginosis, and vulvovaginal candidiasis by wet mount microscopy or nucleic acid hybridization of vaginal secretions from patients. The associations of variables associated withT. vaginalisprevalence were quantified by odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. The overall prevalence rates ofT. vaginalisinfection in the Tibetan area and Wuhan city were 20.94% and 2.84%, respectively. The statistically significant factors for the higher prevalence ofT. vaginalisinfection in the Tibetan area included tertiary educational status (AOR: 0.36 [95% CI: 0.16–0.81]), yearly family income > ¥100,000 (AOR: 0.48 [95% CI: 0.26–0.91]), clinical symptoms (AOR: 4.58[95% CI: 2.32–9.04]), and III–IV grade vaginal cleanliness (AOR: 29.71 [95% CI: 3.95–223.56]) in the multivariate logistic analysis. Interventions targeting improved living standards as well as women’s educational level and promoting reproductive hygiene habits are recommended to contribute to the reduction inT. vaginalisinfection in the Tibetan area.
Mentalization-based treatment for adolescents with conduct disorder (MBT-CD): a feasibility study
Authors: Hauschild Sophie , Kasper Lea , Volkert Jana , Sobanski Esther , Taubner Svenja
Published: November 2022

Conduct disorder (CD) is a common psychiatric disorder in youth characterized by persisting norm-violating or aggressive behavior. Considering high individual and societal burden, feasible and effective psychotherapeutic treatment is desirable. Yet, treatments and research in this patient group are scarce. This study investigates the feasibility of mentalization-based treatment for adolescents with CD (MBT-CD) in terms of acceptability of MBT-CD and scientific assessments by participants as well as necessary organizational resources to conduct a consecutive randomized controlled trial (RCT). Recruitment, adherence and treatment session numbers were descriptively analyzed. Treatment evaluation interviews were qualitatively analyzed. A subset of sessions of therapists without prior MBT experience was rated for MBT adherence. Quantitative data were used to plan a consecutive RCT. Pre to post treatment changes in diagnosis and self-reported aggression, mentalizing and personality functioning were preliminarily analyzed. N = 45 adolescents with CD were recruited. 43% dropped out. Acceptance of scientific assessments was somewhat lower than therapy adherence (questionnaires filled out by ~ 80% of adolescents in treatment), and low at follow-up (25% of treatment completers). Mean session number was 30.3. Most treatment completers were satisfied with MBT-CD. Referrals mainly came from child and youth services and psychiatry. Nine of 16 sessions rated for MBT adherence were adherent. A priori sample size estimation for a prospective RCT with a drop-out rate of 43% yielded a sample of N = 158 to detect an effect f = .15 with 80% power in a repeated measures ANOVA. Pre–post analyses revealed diagnostic improvement in 68%. Of self-reported data, empathy pathology improved. Findings provide a sound basis for a consecutive feasibility and pilot RCT.

Trial registration

Clinicaltrials.gov, registration number NCT02988453, November 30, 2016, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02988453
Wissen und Fortbildungsbereitschaft bezüglich Reanimation
Authors: Nieth David , Henry A. Clara J. , Wunderlich Robert
Published: November 2022

Zielsetzung

Der plötzliche Herztod gehört europaweit zu den führenden Todesursachen, doch trotz intensiver Bemühungen ist die Laienreanimationsquote in Deutschland seit Jahren niedrig. In dieser Studie wurden der diesbezügliche Wissensstand sowie die Fortbildungsbereitschaft der Bevölkerung am Beispiel Berlin erhoben.

Methodik

Die Studienteilnehmer wurden zufällig ausgewählt. Eingeschlossen wurden 120 Personen im Alter von 40 bis 70 Jahren. Das Wissen über Reanimation wurde mittels eines Fragebogens mit 24 Items erhoben. Zusätzlicher Bestandteil des Fragebogens waren drei Videos mit unterschiedlichen Situationen die Laienreanimation betreffend. Diese mussten von den Teilnehmern mithilfe von 6 Antwortmöglichkeiten bearbeitet werden. Ein Item diente darüber hinaus zur Erhebung der Fortbildungsbereitschaft zu diesem Thema. Um etwaige Unterschiede aufzuzeigen, wurden eine Gruppe mit Erste-Hilfe-Kurs im zurückliegenden Jahr und eine Gruppe mit Erste-Hilfe-Kurs vor längerer Zeit getrennt betrachtet.

Ergebnisse

Von den Teilnehmern schlossen 74 % (n = 89) die Erhebung vollständig ab. Davon hatten 11 % (n = 10) innerhalb des letzten Jahres an einem Erste-Hilfe-Kurs teilgenommen. In dieser Gruppe trauten sich 90 % (n = 9) der Teilnehmer zu, einen Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand erkennen und versorgen zu können, dem gegenüber stehen 20 % (n = 16) in der Vergleichsgruppe mit Erste-Hilfe-Kurs vor längerer Zeit. Einen automatisierten externen Defibrillator anzuwenden, trauten sich 50 % (n = 5) bzw. 11 % (n = 9) der Teilnehmer zu. 92 % (n = 82) aller Teilnehmer bestätigten die Bereitschaft zu einer regelmäßigen Erste-Hilfe-Fortbildung.

Schlussfolgerung

Die Gruppe mit kürzlichem Erste-Hilfe-Kurs schneidet im Wissen zu Reanimation, Erkennen und Behandeln von Notfallsituationen besser ab als die Vergleichsgruppe. Um die herausgestellten Kenntnislücken zu schließen, sollte ein neuer Ansatz gefunden werden. Ein bundesweites, jährlich zu absolvierendes Kursprogramm für alle Erwachsenen in Deutschland könnte diese Lücke schnell und nachhaltig füllen.
Aerodynamic validation for compressor blades’ structural morphing concepts
Authors: Montano Rejas Zhuzhell , Seidler Marcel , Riemenschneider Johannes , Friedrichs Jens
Published: November 2022

For increasing an aircraft’s engine efficiency and reducing emissions, the use of adaptive blades capable of guaranteeing an optimal performance at different flight phases is researched. An aerodynamic design point blade shape and some exemplary possible morphed shapes for different operational conditions are introduced and analyzed from a structural as well as from an aerodynamic point of view. For this purpose, the structural design process developed to calculate the blade geometries that can be reached through structurally integrated actuation is introduced and explained with the help of three morphing blade example geometries. Furthermore, the aerodynamic methods used for the evaluation of the structurally achieved morphed geometries is also studied with the help of the introduced examples.
Human-centred design of robotic systems and exoskeletons using digital human models within the research project SOPHIA
Authors: Niehaus Susanne , Ajoudani Arash , Bianchi Matteo , Durandau Guillaume , Fritzsche Lars , Gaertner Christian , Refai Mohamed Irfan , Sartori Massimo , Wang Huawei , Wischniewski Sascha
Published: November 2022

Using a real workplace as an example, this paper describes how digital human modelling software facilitates planning and simulating work processes. This is closely connected to the ongoing activities and results from the SOPHIA project in which the inferred parameters are used for ergonomic assessments. Moreover, multiple options for digital human modelling, developed in the SOPHIA project, will be presented. In this context, the development process of personalized human models within the project to optimize the worker’s ergonomics when performing tasks with a robotic system or exoskeleton will be described. The paper closes with a short description of what still needs to be addressed to ensure personalized, reliable and robust digital human modelling for an industrial setting.

Practical Relevance:This paper shows the scientific process within the SOPHIA project on the subject of digital human models. This provides an overview of the current state of research, as well as available and innovative approaches for modelling people at the workplace. It is shown to what extent the goal of creating personalized human models to optimize the ergonomics of employees that work with robotic systems or exoskeletons has already been achieved. Therewith, it is displayed which developments can already be used and which components are still missing in order to better simulate and thus enrich the interaction between humans and robots/exoskeletons.
“Catholicism Is Getting to Be the Style”: White Women and the Making of Catholic Culture at the Catholic Summer School of America, 1892–1914
Authors: Mercado Monica L.
Published: November 2022

This article presents a new account of the Catholic Summer School of America (CSSA), founded in 1892 as the “Catholic Chautauqua.” Long relegated to the footnotes of book history and Catholic studies, the Summer School and its reading circle antecedents are here reclaimed for the study of women and American religion. As a Catholic institution, the Summer School was directed by clergy and laymen; men's names fill the published histories of the site as a religious and educational retreat. I argue, however, that it was Summer School women who nurtured a complementary vision of middle-class respectability and intimate association among a white Catholic elite that promoted theirs as the aspirational and ascendant U.S. Catholic “style” at the turn of the new century. Loosened from their parish boundaries, these summer Catholics traveled north to New York's Adirondack region and converged on the lakefront, lecture hall, and ballroom, extending their social networks, and creating an exclusive space of belonging that distinguished themselves from the diverse “immigrant church” at home. With close readings of the traces that Summer School visitors left behind in visual and textual sources—including photographs, postcards, local newspaper reports, and previously overlooked fiction and nonfiction by Catholic women writers—I draw attention to the Summer School during its first decades as a critical site for studying an upwardly mobile white Catholic leisure class concerned with its social and cultural reproduction.
Validating trends in olive ridley sea turtle nesting track counts in Guatemala in light of a national hatchery protection strategy
Authors: Morales-Mérida B. Alejandra , Muccio Colum , Girondot Marc
Published: November 2022

The olive ridley sea turtle Lepidochelys olivacea is the most abundant marine turtle species in Guatemala, representing > 99% of all nests. Along with other marine turtles, they are important both culturally and ecologically. Conservation efforts rely almost exclusively on an informal system whereby local residents can harvest olive ridley sea turtle nests on the condition they donate 20% of each nest to a hatchery, where the eggs are incubated and hatchlings later released. This system was initiated in the 1970s and, until recently, no effort has been made to determine its sustainability. In a 2020 publication based on tracks on a single beach in Guatemala and 15 years of egg incubation data from Guatemalan hatcheries, it was concluded that the population had increased. Several weaknesses were detected in this research. To verify the validity of the conclusion, we analysed data from 22 years (2 years are missing) and 11 beaches using several statistical models. We used an intraseasonal model of nesting phenology to fill in missing data for monitored periods during a nesting season, and a new method of spatial and temporal aggregation of nesting seasons. Based on our findings, we reject the hypothesis that olive ridley sea turtle nesting activity is increasing. The total nesting activity for these 12 beaches was stable over the 22-year period. Because of inconsistent hatchery management and the financial dependency of local communities on the sale of turtle eggs, the number of incubated eggs cannot be used as an indicator of the population trend of olive ridley sea turtles in Guatemala.
The Effect of Social Benefit Reform on Educational Inequality
Authors: Trinh Nhat An
Published: November 2022

Cross-country research argues that the design of welfare states and social protection systems shapes the intergenerational transmission of inequality. Studies that examine this relationship within a country are however lacking from the literature. Based on a quasi-experimental research design using difference-in-differences estimation and data from the Socio-Economic Panel, I analyse whether the educational disadvantage of children of long-term unemployment assistance recipients increased after changes to eligibility criteria, benefit levels, and conditionality were introduced in Germany in 2005. I find that differences in the probability to enter the academic secondary school track between children of parents receiving long-term unemployment assistance one year before the transition and children of parents not receiving unemployment or social benefits increased by 13 percentage points. In part, this was driven by the introduction of means-testing that changed the composition of unemployment assistance recipients. However, further decreases in the financial conditions of these already disadvantaged families following reductions in benefit levels appear as the main driver of the observed effect. Changes in parental subjective wellbeing due to increased benefit conditionality and stigma do not seem to play a significant mediating role. The findings highlight the important contribution of social policy to social mobility and equality of opportunity.
The Camp Fix: Infrastructural Power and the “Re-education Labour Regime” in Turkic Muslim Industrial Parks in North-west China
Authors: Byler Darren
Published: November 2022

Industrial parks in north-west China occupy a liminal space between labour camps and private industry. Drawing on worker interviews, government documents, industry materials and images this article shows that for-profit public-private industrial parks have been built as part of a “camp fix” mechanism centred on detaining and “re-educating” Uyghurs and Kazakhs at the periphery of the nation. It argues that these industrial parks concentrate forms of repressive assistance and “dormitory labour regimes” that operate at other frontiers of Chinese state power and point these strategies of disempowerment towards a seemingly permanent, ethno-racialized underclass, producing a “re-education labour regime.” It further argues that the material infrastructures of these surveiled and policed spaces themselves are productive in enforcing the goals of the “camp fix”: the creation of high-quality, underpaid, docile and non-religious Muslim workers who are controlled through the built environment.
The Adventures of an Oral History Archive in the Greek Public Domain
Authors: Antoniou Georgios
Published: November 2022

In December 2021 a famous Greek TV and radio journalist and well-known anti-vaxxer, Yiorgos Tragkas, passed away due to Covid-19 complications. In the previous two decades, Tragkas had become a controversial figure, employing an anti-elite, pro-Russian and anti-Western narrative that fed into the country's underdog culture. His ethnocentric, populist, toxic tabloid journalism had been a popular genre in Greek political culture since the early 1980s. However, the debt and migration crises that shook Greece fuelled populist politics and a wave of misinformation.1Tragkas jumped on the bandwagon of this new era by whitewashing the neo-Nazi Golden Dawn Party on national TV and by live appearances dressed up as a Second World War Nazi officer, with photos of Adolf Hitler and Angela Merkel on his desk.
Supercritical site percolation on the hypercube: small components are small
Authors: Diskin Sahar , Krivelevich Michael
Published: November 2022

We consider supercritical site percolation on the
$d$
-dimensional hypercube
$Q^d$
. We show that typically all components in the percolated hypercube, besides the giant, are of size
$O(d)$
. This resolves a conjecture of Bollobás, Kohayakawa, and Łuczak from 1994.
Was the VOC funding Mozart? The diaries of Wilhelm Buschman on Kharg Island
Authors: Martin Stephen
Published: November 2022

This article considers the evidence for the business practices, goods traded, and accounts of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) upper merchant, Wilhelm Buschman, on Kharg Island in the Persian Gulf during the 1760s. Previous scholarship indicates that his widow, Anna Maria Pack, had a large inheritance, acquired on her death by her second husband, the VOC surgeon Ferdinand Dejean, who commissioned most of Mozart's flute works. A historical audit of Buschman's reports in this article reveals that the existence and source of most of that wealth was hidden from the official diaries which Buschman sent to the VOC headquarters in Batavia, on Java. The dwindling profits of the VOC, at a time of military turbulence involving Mir Mohanna, do not support Buschman's money originating from bribes even factoring in rake-offs. There is, however, evidence for a private, ring-fenced pearl trade on Kharg, which provides a good explanation. Pearls were not just jewels, but an ideal cryptocurrency for concealing, storing, selling, or shifting private wealth. The findings substantiate that it was possible for the VOC to lose out hugely to private enterprise, which was part of the culture among senior merchants. That wealth could do intercontinental economic damage. Occasionally, it was put to lasting good use.
Pflegeexpert_innen in der Primärversorgung von chronisch kranken Menschen
Authors: Doppelfeld Silke , Sappok-Laue Henrike , Klein Stefanie , Faber Elena , Lauven Gunther
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Im Projekt HandinHand wird eine neue interprofessionelle Versorgungsform für chronisch kranke Menschen entwickelt und derzeit erprobt. Pflegeexpert_innen führen nach Zuweisung der Hausärzt_innen regelmäßige Konsultationen bei chronisch kranken Menschen über 60 Jahren durch. In diesem Rahmen findet eine klinische Überwachung statt, die seitens der Pflegeexpert_innen um die Förderung der Gesundheits- und Selbstmanagementkompetenz der Patient_innen ergänzt wird. Im Sinne einer erweiterten Pflegepraxis agieren die Pflegeexperten_innen in der Rolle von Berater_innen und Anleiter_innen für die Zielgruppe und deren Bezugspersonen. Methodik: In diesem Beitrag werden das Handlungsfeld und die berufliche Rolle der Pflegeexpert_innen beschrieben. Vor dem Hintergrund der Delegationsvereinbarung und der Organisationsentwicklung werden Chancen und Grenzen dieser neuen Versorgungsform diskutiert. Ergebnisse: Das Projekt HandinHand zeigt eine neue Rolle für Pflegefachpersonen im deutschen Gesundheitssystem auf. Schlussfolgerungen: Diese Form der berufsübergreifenden Zusammenarbeit ist ein Model of good practice. Es kann als Basis zur Entwicklung neuer Handlungsfelder und Rollen der erweiterten Pflegepraxis für akademisierte Pflegepersonen betrachtet werden.
Sources, Timing, Environmental and Tectonic Implications of Epigenetic Mineralization Along the Arabian‐African Plate Boundary
Authors: Ryb U. , Erel Y. , Matthews A. , Avni Y. , Stern D.
Published: November 2022

The formation of divergent plate boundaries involves the opening of continental basins and uplift of plate margins accompanied by seawater ingression and the reorganization of surface and groundwater drainage systems. These processes drive water‐rock reactions, resulting in the deposition of epigenetic minerals in the country rock adjacent to the plate boundary. Here, we study the isotopic geochemical record of epigenetic dolomite and ferric‐oxide minerals that occur along tectonic lines in the Negev (southern Israel), which border the Cenozoic rift system that developed between the African and Arabian plates. The observed ranges of new and published O, C, Sr, Mo, Fe, and Pb isotope compositions indicate mixing between the country rock, seawater and deep‐seated groundwater source‐solutions. We suggest that mineralization occurred as brines migrated from their marine source, mixed with groundwater in a deep siliciclastic aquifer environment, and subsequently upwelled along tectonic lines and reacted with the overlying carbonate rocks. Relative and U‐Pb dating of epigenetic minerals suggest that mineralization occurred at 31.4 ± 4.6 Ma in the central Negev sites and at 46 ± 12 Ma and again at 14.5 ± 2.3 Ma in the northeast Negev. The younger two ages overlap the timing of pre‐ Red Sea Rift doming of northeastern Africa and Arabia, driven by the Afar Plume, and lateral‐movement along the Dead Sea Transform (DST), respectively. We associate the youngest mineralization event with a time‐interval in which the DST already hosted a marine lagoon, while the transform's western margin has remained a low relief landscape.
Large-scale coherent Ising machine based on optoelectronic parametric oscillator
Authors: Cen Qizhuang , Ding Hao , Hao Tengfei , Guan Shanhong , Qin Zhiqiang , Lyu Jiaming , Li Wei , Zhu Ninghua , Xu Kun , Dai Yitang , Li Ming
Published: November 2022

Ising machines based on analog systems have the potential to accelerate the solution of ubiquitous combinatorial optimization problems. Although some artificial spins to support large-scale Ising machines have been reported, e.g., superconducting qubits in quantum annealers and short optical pulses in coherent Ising machines, the spin stability is fragile due to the ultra-low equivalent temperature or optical phase sensitivity. In this paper, we propose to use short microwave pulses generated from an optoelectronic parametric oscillator as the spins to implement a large-scale Ising machine with high stability. The proposed machine supports 25,600 spins and can operate continuously and stably for hours. Moreover, the proposed Ising machine is highly compatible with high-speed electronic devices for programmability, paving a low-cost, accurate, and easy-to-implement way toward solving real-world optimization problems.
Post-marketing surveillance study on influenza vaccine in South Korea using a nationwide spontaneous reporting database with multiple data mining methods
Authors: Lee Hyesung , Hong Bin , Kim SangHee , Kim Ju Hwan , Choi Nam-Kyong , Jung Sun-Young , Shin Ju-Young
Published: November 2022

Safety profiles of the influenza vaccine and its subtypes are still limited. We aimed to address this knowledge gap using multiple data mining methods and calculated performance measurements to evaluate the precision of different detection methods. We conducted a post-marketing surveillance study between 2005 and 2019 using the Korea Adverse Event Reporting System database. Three data mining methods were applied: (a) proportional reporting ratio, (b) information component, and (c) tree-based scan statistics. We evaluated the performance of each method in comparison with the known adverse events (AEs) described in the labeling information. Compared to other vaccines, we identified 36 safety signals for the influenza vaccine, and 7 safety signals were unlabeled. In subtype-stratified analyses, application site disorders were reported more frequently with quadrivalent and cell-based vaccines, while a wide range of AEs were noted for trivalent and egg-based vaccines. Tree-based scan statistics showed well-balanced performance. Among the detected signals of influenza vaccines, narcolepsy requires special attention. A wider range of AEs were detected as signals for trivalent and egg-based vaccines. Although tree-based scan statistics showed balanced performance, complementary use of other techniques would be beneficial when large noise due to false positives is expected.
Multi-sensory feedback improves spatially compatible sensori-motor responses
Authors: Dechaux A. , Haytam-Mahsoub M. , Kitazaki M. , Lagarde J. , Ganesh G.
Published: November 2022

To interact with machines, from computers to cars, we need to monitor multiple sensory stimuli, and respond to them with specific motor actions. It has been shown that our ability to react to a sensory stimulus is dependent on both the stimulus modality, as well as the spatial compatibility of the stimulus and the required response. However, the compatibility effects have been examined for sensory modalities individually, and rarely for scenarios requiring individuals to choose from multiple actions. Here, we compared response time of participants when they had to choose one of several spatially distinct, but compatible, responses to visual, tactile or simultaneous visual and tactile stimuli. We observed that the presence of both tactile and visual stimuli consistently improved the response time relative to when either stimulus was presented alone. While we did not observe a difference in response times of visual and tactile stimuli, the spatial stimulus localization was observed to be faster for visual stimuli compared to tactile stimuli.