bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Forestry Residues Potential for Off-Grid Electrification in The Republic of Benin (West Africa)
Authors: Balagueman Rodrigue Ogoulonou , Assèdé Eméline Sêssi Pélagie , Agassounon Bill Mahougnon , Moumouni-Moussa Ismail , Effah Bernard , Honoré Biaou Samadori Sorotori
Published: March 2024

This study assessed the potential of forestry residues for off-grid electrification in the Republic of Benin while accounting for the spatial variation of residues potential and their use impact on local biodiversity. We found significant spatial variation of residues potential, with a much higher surplus residues in the north (3,599.05 tons/year) compared to the south (457.79 tons/year). This discrepancy might result from the spatial difference in geographical variables across the two regions. A maximum electricity potential of 100,259,786 kWh can be generated from the theoretical potential of residues which falls short of satisfying the estimated national off-grid electricity demand of 443,916,975 kWh. The research also highlighted the positive influence of wood processing technology and diversity of processed wood species on residues potential. The two variables may be targeted by policymakers to tailor actions for enhancing local transition towards renewable energy. Using scenarios-based projections, our study prompt the conclusion that forestry residues can be used sustainably for off-grid electrification with a minimal impact on biodiversity. Combining the surplus residues from wood processing industries with energy plantations may optimize forestry residues mobilization for off-grid electrification.

Keywords: wood residues, biomass-electricity, off-grid power, sustainability
Antioxidant Activity of Alcoholic Beverages Made From Various Cereal Grains Using Koji Made with Thai Amylomyces Rouxii YTH3 as Saccharifying Agent
Authors: Kawano Yoshitsugu , Saigusa Noriaki , Yuwa-amornpitak Thalisa , Teramoto Yuji
Published: March 2024

Microbial starter called koji in Japanese was made with fungal strain Amylomyces rouxii YTH3 isolated from Thai microbial starter, loog pang. Koji made with A. rouxii YTH3 was applicable for saccharifying agent for ethanol fermentation. Novel alcoholic beverage was made from various cereal grains and this koji, and analyzed. Ethanol concentration, pH and acidity were 8.2 to 10.8% (v/v), 3.5 to 4.4 and 3.0 to 5.2 ml. An alcoholic beverage made from black rice (Oryza sativa var. Japonica cv. Shiun) having anthocyanin showed brilliant red color. An alcoholic beverage made from black rice showed rather a higher antioxidant activity comparing other alcoholic beverage. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the alcoholic beverage made from black rice was around 1800 µM Trolox equivalent, while other alcoholic beverages were 300 to 600 µM Trolox equivalent.

Keywords: Amylomyces rouxii, loog pang, black rice, alcoholic beverage, koji
Biodiesel Production Using Metal Oxide Catalysts under Microwave Heating
Authors: Ikenaga Kazuhiro , Hamada Ayaka , Inoue Takahiro , Kusakabe Katsuki
Published: March 2024

Biodiesel has been commercially produced by transesterification of triglyceride with homogeneous base catalyst, where the separation of catalysts, glycerol and biodiesel from the product is troublesome. The solid catalyst can be used to resolve the separation problem and available to be reused. In this study metal oxide catalysts (PbO2, MnO2, Bi2O3, Fe3O4, TiO2, Fe2O3) were selected for the transesterification. Purity of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) in the products, which is equivalent of FAME yield, was determined for these catalysts under pressurized microwave heating condition (200oC and 1.9 MPa). More than 89% of FAME purity was achieved with PbO2 and MnO2 catalyst for 30 minutes.

Keywords: microwave, biodiesel, high pressure, solid catalyst, metal oxide
Adsorption Behavior of Aromatic Carboxylic Acids on A Cyclodextrin-Based Metal-Organic Framework
Authors: Nagai Anna , Michida Wataru , Sakuragi Mina , Nishida Masashi , Guan Guoqing , Abudula Abuliti , Kusakabe Katsuki
Published: March 2024

A cyclodextrin-based metal-organic framework (CD-MOF) was crystallized by methanol vapor diffusion. The performance of CD-MOF was compared with commercial available adsorbents (faujasite zeolite, activated carbon and activated clay) for the adsorption of ferulic acid at 298 K in methanol. The adsorption behavior of aromatic carboxylic acids on the CD-MOF was also investigated. The initial adsorption rate of ferulic acid in methanol on the CD-MOF was lower than that for activating carbon and faujasite zeolite, due to the alternating passage of ferulic acid through hydrophilic pore and hydrophobic pore in CD-MOF. The saturated adsorption amount on the CD-MOF was highest among those on the other adsorbents. The high adsorption amount was obtained for aromatic carboxylic acids with high values of pKa(W). A single saturation state of benzoic acid on the CD-MOF was obtained at a concentration of more than 1.0 mmol/L. The molar ratio of benzoic acid to the (γ-CD)6 unit was evaluated to be 4.4 from the saturated adsorption amount.

Keywords: Adsorption, Aromatic Carboxylic Acid, Cyclodextrin, Porous Crystal, Adsorbent
Recent Development and Sustainability of Wind Power Sector in Pakistan
Authors: Bilal Hazrat , Siwar Chamhuri , Mokhtar Mazlin , Ahmad Shakeel
Published: March 2024

In Pakistan, the wind power sector has gained considerable attention over recent years. However, instead of sufficient renewable energy resources, the share of wind power within the national power generation mix is negligible. The gap between supply and demand has increased significantly (6,000 MW) over the last decade, resulting in an urgent need to assess future supply and demand and consider a feasible, if not sustainable power generation mix. For this reason, the most recent developments in wind power and sustainability were assessed against the selected environmental economic and social indicators. Notably, the wind power sector in Pakistan has gained considerable foreign and local attention in the last five years. Many projects are presently in progress and operational at various stages and locations. Furthermore, it is expected that by 2030, wind power energy generation will constitute more in the country’s power generation mix, more than the planned target of 5% by 2030. There is a high possibility that the utilization of wind for power generation can enhance overall climate change resilience.

Keywords: Power generation, wind power, renewable energy, sustainability
Prospects of Union Based Biogas Plant Model for the Generation of Electricity in Bangladesh
Authors: Zaman Md. Abdullah Al , Amin Rifat , Hasan Tanvir Md. Mehedy , Khalid Ovi Mustofa , Rakhaine Nea Jaw , Nayem Kamrul Hasan , Sifty Sobhana , Barua Sadip , Al Faysal Abdullah , Islam Mazharul , Akhter Tanjina
Published: March 2024

Biogas is one of the popular forms of renewable energy in Bangladesh. In this paper, the potential of livestock for the generation of biogas has been illustrated. The history of biogas plants, related activities and electricity generation from biogas in Bangladesh has also been discussed. Based on the potential, the union based biogas plant model has been presented and described how it would work. Three different divisions of Bangladesh have been considered for evaluating the potential and viability of this model. Under this model, each union can contribute 0.09 MW of electricity, and in total 161 MW of electricity can be generated in those divisions. This model can be handy for rural development but will be very challenging to implement and several factors required to be checked before the installations.

Keywords: energy, history, biogas, unions, livestock, conversion, challenges
An Evaluation Of Offshore Wind Renewable Energy Performance In Malaysia
Authors: Sharuddin Nor Nadia Syahidah , Ng Cheng Yee , Tuhaijan Siti Nor Adha , John Kurian V , Wong Li Wah
Published: March 2024

The effort in finding the potential of renewable energy in Malaysia is essential due to the problem of global warming and the rise of energy demand. As time passes, these problems become severe and start to create a significant concern. This study aims to evaluate the performance of wind energy in Malaysia as a step ahead for the application of renewable energy to overcome the problems mentioned above. A software simulation using ANSYS was performed to evaluate wind energy performance by adopting the wind speed profile data for offshore locations in Malaysia. Based on these data, the potential sites for offshore wind energy development were assessed and proposed by the criteria of wind pressure in the rotor, wind velocity in the rotor, and the total power generation. The results show that Kijal, Kuala Terengganu, Kudat and Kota Kinabalu measure the greatest wind energy by the high wind pressure and velocity.

Keywords: Offshore wind energy, Offshore Malaysia, Wind energy performance
Social Practices Required for the Recovery of Cassava Waste for Heat Generation in Thailand
Authors: Prakobboon Natikorn , Vahdati Maria M , Shahrestani Mehdi
Published: March 2024

Thailand is a dominant supplier of cassava to world markets, supplying around 67% of the global market, resulting in abundant cassava waste. However, farmers typically discard this waste in cassava fields, and thus, it is underutilised as an energy resource. Besides, Thailand’s domestic cassava-based bioethanol plants depend on imported coal to produce heat. To address this challenge, this research investigated the potential for the collection and recovery of cassava waste from farms. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with Thai cassava farmers. Social practice theory was applied to evaluate the effects of cassava waste collection on Thai cassava farmers’ current agricultural practices. Three Thai cassava agricultural activities— land preparation, fertilisation application and waste management— would be impacted by this new strategy. The connections between each of these potentially affected activities have been discussed and, ultimately, cassava waste collection by Thai cassava growers was proposed as a new practice. This study concluded that the enhanced use of cassava waste for the production of heat and power could potentially help Thailand meet its renewable energy targets in future.

Keywords: cassava waste, farming practices, Thailand
Harvesting of Chlorella Vulgaris Biomass by Using Different Bio-Flocculants: A Comparison Study
Authors: Ying Teh Huey , Suparmaniam Uganeeswary , Lam Man Kee , Uemura Yoshimitsu , Wei Lim Jun , Shi Tan Inn , Kansedo Jibrail , Lim Steven
Published: March 2024

In the present study, several natural flocculants were extracted from natural resources to harvest Chlorella vulgaris. Jar tests were carried out to evaluate the flocculation efficiencies of the extracted flocculants in harvesting C. vulgaris cells. Chitosan and maize seeds were proven to be effective flocculants as they achieved more than 80 % efficiency after one(1) hour and four (4) hours of sedimentation time, respectively. Under the optimum flocculation conditions of pH 7, 2 mg/L dosage, 120 rpm of stirring speed for chitosan; and pH 3, 450 mg/L of dosage, 15 rpm of stirring speed for maize seeds flocculant; the flocculation efficiencies up to 97.9 % and 84.7 % are able to achieved, respectively. A scale-up study was done to test the flocculation ability of chitosan and maize seeds extracts to harvest 1 L of C. vulgaris. Approximately 97 % and 82 % of flocculation efficiencies were achieved by chitosan and maize seeds flocculants, respectively, under their optimum flocculation conditions. Comparatively, chitosan offer superiority in flocculating C. vulgaris than maize seeds extract in terms of floc size, dosage and sedimentation time.

Keywords: natural flocculant, chitosan, maize seed, microalgae, harvest
One Pot Synthesis of Pineapple Juice Derived - Carbon Quantum Dots and TiO2 Composite for Solar Light Active Photocatalysis
Authors: Sim Lan Ching Lan , Lee Jie Yet , Leong Kah Hon , Chin Yik Heng , Saravanan Pichiah
Published: March 2024

CDs/TiO2 composites were prepared using pineapple juice as a green precursor through one pot hydrothermal method. The obtained CDs exhibited green-blue fluorescence under UV radiation and abundant of surface functional groups. The absorption spectra of CDs/TiO2-200 and CDs/TiO2-120 was red shifted towards visible and NIR region after loading with CDs. Pure anatase and graphite phase were detected in CDs/TiO2. Insignificant emission peak was observed when CDs were excited with wavelength above 540 nm which demonstrated the absence of upconversion photoluminescence (UCPL) properties in CDs. Both of CDs/TiO2-200 and CDs/TiO2-120 fully degraded BPA solution in 150 and 180 mins, respectively. The photocatalytic performance of both CDs/TiO2-200 and CDs/TiO2-120 were 2.5 times of that using P25 under solar irradiation. The presence of CDs in TiO2 composite effectively suppressed the charge recombination and enhanced visible and NIR light absorption.

Keywords: carbon quantum dots, TiO2, solar light, Bisphenol A, pineapple, green precursor.
Co-pyrolysis of Palm Empty Fruit Bunch and Palm Kernel Shell with Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Sludge
Authors: Teoh Jia Yun , Chong Yen Yee , Vasu Harvindran , Chow Li Wen , Lim Chu Gen , Tio Shu Anne , Vijiaretnam Navin Raj , Wong Choon Fai , Thangalazhy-Gopakumar Suchithra
Published: March 2024

In Malaysia, the largest contributor to biomass is from the palm oil sector. Therefore, palm-based biomass has been extensively studied for bioenergy applications. Fast pyrolysis of biomass provides a liquid fuel called bio-oil, which has many potential uses. However, a low pH of bio-oil made a challenge to utilize as it is. Therefore, in this study, empty fruit bunch (EFB) and palm kernel shell (PKS) were subjected to co-pyrolysis with POME sludge individually. The reason behind this was that the bio-oil derived from EFB and PKS are acidic, whereas bio-oil from POME sludge is basic. Hence, it was hypothesised that through the co-pyrolysis, bio-oil with lower acidity might be obtained. Chemical characterization revealed that POME sludge contains alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs), which may play a significant role in influencing the weight loss of EFB and PKS, also the bio-oil yield. The co-pyrolysis of EFB and PKS with POME sludge at different ratios were initially carried out via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Results showed that for the co-pyrolysis of PKS, a positive synergistic effect was observed when 50 wt.% of POME sludge was employed. Then, pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis experiments were carried out in a fixed bed reactor at 600°C. The bio-oil yield obtained from PKS was 44.5 ± 0.7 wt.%. In contradiction to TGA studies, the bio-oil yield for co-pyrolysis of PKS and POME sludge showed a negative synergistic effect.
Kinetic Study of Lignocellulosic Biomasses Pyrolysis Using Thermogravimetric Analysis
Authors: Aouled Mhemed Hiba , Largeau Jean-francois , Kordoghli Sana , Marin Gallego Mylène , Zagrouba Fethi , Tazerout Mohand
Published: March 2024

In this work, a kinetic analysis was performed to investigate the energy potential of abundant agricultural residues: date residues, olive stones, and spent coffee grounds. The TGA experiments were carried out from room temperature to 700°C under an inert atmosphere at different heating rates of 5, 10, 15 and 20°C.min-1. Friedman’s method seems to be the most appropriate because it contains no mathematical approximation that reduces the systematic error. The average activation energies obtained with the Friedman model are 159, 168, 201, and 170 kJ.mol-1 for date stems, date seeds, olive stone, and spent coffee grounds, respectively.

Keywords; agricultural residues, pyrolysis, TGA, model-free, activation energy
Recent Advance in Extraction of Prebiotics from Plants: A Review
Authors: Shie-Lih Tang , Chen-Chung Koh , Siew Ling Hii
Published: March 2024

Prebiotics are termed as substrates that can confer health benefits with selective utilisation by host microbiota. They are oligosaccharides that can withstand gastric and enzymatic digestions in the small intestine. Prebiotics can be selectively fermented by probiotics in the large intestine to produce short-chain fatty acids, vitamins, and other compounds. These compounds can enhance the host immunity against diseases, normalise bowel movements, improve mineral absorption, and lower blood cholesterol level. Inulin, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), galactooligosaccharides (GOS), lactulose, and xylooligosaccharides (XOS) are some examples of prebiotics. Prebiotics may be incorporated as nutritional ingredients into various functional foods or presented as nutraceuticals in the form of tablets or capsules, sometimes with probiotic cultures, for the benefit of consumer’s health. Most naturally occurring prebiotics can be found in some fruit and vegetables such as beans, cereals, asparagus, onion, raw garlic, tomatoes, and legumes which can be extracted through several techniques. This review paper provides the theoretical background on traditional extraction techniques such as chemical extraction, enzymatic hydrolysis, autohydrolysis and several novel extraction techniques including microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The operating conditions, advantages and disadvantages are also discussed.Keywords: Prebiotics, traditional extraction, novel extraction, lignocellulosic and plant materials
Activated Carbons from Shredded Waste Tire for Malachite Green Adsorption
Authors: Hasbollah Aisyah Ahmad , Lin Zhi Lee , Tang Shu Hui , Ali Asmadi , Che Yunus Mohd Azizi , Ahmad Zaini Muhammad Abbas
Published: March 2024

This work aimed to evaluate the adsorptive properties of shredded waste tire-based activated carbons prepared through zinc chloride or potassium hydroxide activation. The activated carbons were characterised for specific surface and functional groups, and malachite green was used to probe the removal performance at different dye concentrations and contact times. Potassium hydroxide-activated carbon with a 319 m2/g surface area displayed a higher adsorption capacity of 102 mg/g as compared to zinc chloride-activated carbons for the concentration range studied. The adsorption data obeyed pseudo-second-order model, indicating the chemically driven adsorption. The experimental results show the feasibility of shredded waste tire to be converted into activated carbon for dyes removal.Keywords: Activated carbon, adsorption, chemical activation, malachite green, shredded waste tire
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HUSBAND'S KNOWLEDGE AND SUPPORT WITH FE TABLET CONSUMPTION COMPLIANCE IN PREGNANT WOMEN IN THE WORKING AREA OF CIREUNDEU PUSKESMAS IN 2022
Authors: Alma Alfianti  , Dewi Purnamawati  , Nurfadhilah  , Luqman Efendi
Published: March 2024

According to data from the Indonesian Ministry of Health, the prevalence of anemia or lack of blood in pregnant women in Indonesia in 2019 is still relatively high, namely 48.9%(1). Anemia in pregnant women can increase the risk of premature birth, antepartum bleeding, postpartum bleeding which causes death in mother and child and infectious diseases.(2) This study aims to determine the relationship of husband's knowledge and support with adherence to consumption of Fe tablets in pregnant women in the Working Area of ​​the Cireundeu Health Center. This study used quantitative analytic methods with a cross sectional study design and used a purposive sampling technique. The number of respondents was 46 pregnant women in the Working Area of ​​the Cireundeu Health Center. The data analysis in this study used the chi-square statistical test (α = 0.05) in the SPSS statistical software. Pregnant women who have good knowledge are 25 (54.3%). There were 28 (60.9%) pregnant women who received support from their husbands. There were 26 (56.5%) pregnant women who adhered to the consumption of Fe tablets. The variable associated with Fe Tablet Adherence in pregnant women in the Cireundeu Health Center Work Area was Husband's Support (P Value 0.025 OR = 5,000) The variable that was not related was Knowledge (P Value 0.413 OR = 1.956). Husband's support is related to adherence to consumption of Fe tablets while knowledge is not related to adherence to consumption of Fe tablets in pregnant women in the Working Area of ​​the Cireundeu Health Center. Suggestions for the health center namely monitor routinely the compliance of pregnant women in consuming Fe tablets and provide education to husbands as well as involving the education of husbands and pregnant women regarding the importance of Fe tablets during pregnancy so as to avoid iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women.
SCALP COMPLICATIONS OF CRANIOFACIAL SURGERY: A COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Nur Afiati Shabrina , Marini Dini , Sendikamas Hernawan Lucky
Published: March 2024

Methods: By the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020, this study was able to show that it met all of the requirements. This search approach, publications that came out between 2014 and 2024 were taken into account. Several different online reference sources, like Pubmed, SagePub, and Google Scholar were used to do this. It was decided not to take into account review pieces, works that had already been published, or works that were only half done.
Result: In the PubMed database, the results of our search get 21 articles, whereas the results of our search on SagePub get 87 articles, on Google Scholar 2350 articles. Records remove before screening are 1983, so we get 475 articles fos screening. After we screened based on record exclude, we compiled a total of 10 papers. We included five research that met the criteria.
Conclusion: For craniofacial surgery, understanding the surgical anatomy, identifying risk factors, adequate surgical planning, and interdisciplinary cooperation between neurosurgeons, plastic surgeons, and the interdisciplinary team are essential to prevent and treat scalp complications.
GENDER DISPARTIES IN THE IMPACT OF TEACHERS’ PSYCHOLOGICAL ABUSE ON STUDENTS’ MENTAL HEALTH
Authors: Anam Arshad  , Hoorain  , Aeman Ayyub
Published: March 2024

The aim of this article was to explore the Gender disparities in the impact of Teachers’ Psychological abuse on students’ mental health is considered a key to success and failure in every educational institute. So, every college need to be overcome the impact of teachers’ psychological abuse. It is obvious that mental health is essential to overall health. It is a necessary component of a person's ability to live a happy and meaningful life. Psychological abuse is a type of child maltreatment that can seriously affect a child's mental health.   This study was descriptive as well as inferential in nature and categorized survey technique. The questionnaire was used to collect data from participants. The population of this research was students of Public Higher secondary institutes. Sample of this study was 800 students’ male (394) and female (406) female from five Public Higher Secondary institutes. The research scale was developed by the researcher in the light of literature review, peer review, discussion of the supervisor and consultation with subject matter experts.  The pilot study was contained 80 students and revealed that the participants did not face any major problem about comprehension of the scale. In the current study the data was utilized of descriptive measures using SPPS version 26 to determine the Descriptive statistics, t-test, least significant Difference (LSD), ANOVA, Regression and Correlations. So, the results are statistically significant. Researchers conclude that the Gender disparities in the impact of Teachers’ Psychological abuse on students’ mental health is significant.
Cooperativism in cultural and tech sectors: Promises and challenges
Authors: de Peuter Greig , Dreyer Bianca , Sandoval Marisol , Szaflarska Aleksandra
Published: March 2024

This paper reports on a survey of co-operatives in the cultural and technology sectors in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Creative industries are a growth area for new cooperativism, with more than a quarter of surveyed co-operatives in operation for less than five years. While the findings show that co-operation is a promising strategy for countering individualised experiences of work, for democratising workplaces, and for facilitating satisfying work in creative industries, they also reveal significant challenges which individual co-operatives and the wider co-operative movement must confront for cooperativism to have a sustainable and inclusive future in the cultural and technology sectors.
Workers co-operatives — Some prospects. Rescue for small co-op shops
Authors: Birchall R Johnston
Published: March 2024

This article responds to closures of over 2000 co-operative shops. It considers some of the reasons for and causes of the closures and considers blueprint for posssible conversion to worker co-operatives.
Johnston Birchall - An appreciation
Authors: May Ed
Published: March 2024

Ed Mayo is chief executive of Pilotlight. An earler version of this appraciation of the life and contribution of Johnston Birchall first appeared in Co-op News shortly after Johnston's death.
Chlorpromazine-Induced Neurological Symptoms Mimicking Stroke in an Elderly Patient with Intractable Hiccups: A Case Report
Authors: Nasir Huma , Zahid Muhammad Arslan
Published: March 2024

Background: Chlorpromazine, a widely utilized antipsychotic medication, has been recognized for its efficacy in treating intractable hiccups through its antagonistic action on histamine H1, dopamine D2, and muscarinic M1 receptors. Despite its therapeutic benefits, there is a spectrum of potential side effects, including neurological symptoms such as drug-induced stuttering, which poses diagnostic challenges and may lead to unnecessary investigations.
Objective: This case study aims to explore the paradoxical effect of chlorpromazine, which, while effectively treating an 80-year-old male patient's intractable hiccups, induced slurred speech and drowsiness, symptoms that resolved upon cessation of the drug.
Methods: A comprehensive evaluation was conducted, involving the patient's clinical presentation, treatment regimen, and the temporal relationship between medication administration and symptom onset. Investigations included a complete blood count, C-reactive protein, liver function tests, COVID-19 antigen test, cardiac workup, and brain MRI. Treatment response and side effects were meticulously documented, with follow-up to assess the resolution of symptoms.
Results: Following the administration of chlorpromazine (50mg orally), the patient's hiccups ceased, but he subsequently developed slurred speech and drowsiness. These symptoms were not present upon initial examination and resolved completely following the discontinuation of chlorpromazine. The brain MRI conducted to explore potential neurological causes was found to be insignificant, reinforcing the diagnosis of drug-induced neurological symptoms.
Conclusion: While chlorpromazine remains a valuable treatment for intractable hiccups, healthcare providers must be vigilant about its potential to induce neurological symptoms. This case highlights the importance of recognizing drug-induced side effects to avoid unnecessary diagnostic procedures and emphasizes the need for ongoing research into the mechanisms underlying such adverse reactions.
Determining the Level of Occupational Performance and its Association with Depression among Patients with Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Saeed Mahnoor , Khan Humaira , Safoora  , Jan Khushboo , Saeed Sara , Qadir Nazish Abdul
Published: March 2024

Background: Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) presents a significant challenge to healthcare systems worldwide, often leading to severe physical disability and psychological distress, including depression. The rehabilitation process for SCI patients is complex, necessitating a multidimensional approach that addresses both the physical and psychological aspects of recovery. The interplay between occupational performance and mental health among individuals with SCI remains a critical area of investigation, particularly in regions like Peshawar, Pakistan, where such studies are scarce.
Objective: The primary objective of this study was to explore the association between occupational performance and depression among individuals with SCI in Peshawar, with a secondary aim of comparing occupational performance levels and their relationship with depression in this demographic.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Paraplegic Centre Peshawar over a six-month period, utilizing convenience sampling to recruit 120 participants. Depression and occupational performance were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory and the Barthel Index Scale, respectively. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 22, with statistical significance set at p<0.05.
Results: The study found that 35.8% of participants experienced moderate depression, while mild mood disturbances and borderline clinical depression were reported by 21.7% and 12%, respectively. Severe and extreme depression were less common, observed in 9.8% and 1.1% of the sample. Regarding occupational performance, 37% were totally dependent, 50% were severely dependent, and 13% were moderately independent. Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between occupational performance and depression levels (Pearson Chi-Square = 17.986, p=.05; Likelihood Ratio = 18.683, p=.04; Fisher Exact Test = 9.214, p=.002).
Conclusion: The study highlights a notable correlation between occupational performance and depression among SCI patients, emphasizing the need for integrated rehabilitation programs that address both physical disabilities and mental health concerns. Enhancing occupational performance through targeted interventions may reduce depression levels, thereby improving overall quality of life for SCI patients.
Prevalence of Late Antenatal Booking and its Complications at Hayatabad Medical Complex
Authors: Iqbal Madiha , Akhter Naheed , Muhammad Zia , Iqbal Sana , Safdar Sabah , Khan Shandana
Published: March 2024

Background: Timely initiation of prenatal care is pivotal for maternal and fetal health, facilitating the early detection and management of potential pregnancy-related complications. Despite the known benefits, late antenatal booking remains a significant challenge, potentially leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study investigates the prevalence of late antenatal booking and its associated complications, contributing to a broader understanding of its determinants and impacts.
Objective: To explore the prevalence of late antenatal booking among pregnant women attending Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, and to identify the associated complications and factors contributing to late booking.
Methods: This descriptive research study was conducted from August 2021 to July 2023, involving 1920 pregnant women aged 18 years and above, receiving antenatal care at the Gynaecology & Obstetric Department of Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar. Participants were selected through systematic sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires covering demographic information, medical history, timing of antenatal care initiation, reasons for late booking, and awareness of potential complications. Late antenatal booking was defined as the initiation of care beyond 24 weeks of gestation. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0, employing descriptive statistics, Chi-squared tests, or Fisher's exact tests, with statistical significance set at p ≤ 0.05.
Results: The study found a late antenatal booking prevalence of 16.67%. Preterm birth occurred in 26% of cases with late booking, and low birth weight was observed in 15.9% of infants born to these women. The highest rate of late booking was among women aged 36+ (25%) and those with higher education (22.1%). Major barriers to timely antenatal care included a lack of awareness (42.5%), financial constraints (31.2%), and fear of healthcare facilities (20.9%). Conditions such as maternal anemia and hypertension were more prevalent among women with late bookings, at rates of 12.5% for hypertension and significant incidences of placental abruption and intrauterine death.
Conclusion: Late antenatal booking is associated with significant adverse pregnancy outcomes, highlighting the need for targeted public health campaigns and healthcare system improvements to promote early and regular antenatal care access. Addressing educational, economic, and perceptual barriers is essential for improving prenatal care utilization.
Embracing Inclusion: Private School Teachers' Perspective
Authors: Gohar Maria , Akmal Aqsa , Javed Javeria , Ullah Sajid , Qadir Nazish A , Burki Subhan Ur Rehman
Published: March 2024

Background: The concept of inclusive education, which integrates students with and without special needs, is pivotal for fostering equitable learning opportunities. Teacher attitudes are a significant determinant of the success of inclusive education policies.
Objective: To ascertain the perspectives of private school teachers in Peshawar regarding the inclusion of children with disabilities in mainstream educational settings.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out over six months at seven private schools in Hayatabad, Peshawar, following IRB and ethical approval from KMU. The sample of 200 teachers was determined using a confidence level of 95% and a margin of error of 5%. Data were collected using the Attitudes Towards Mainstreaming Scale and analyzed using SPSS Version 25 to provide descriptive statistics, including frequencies and mean±SD values.
Results: Teachers generally regarded inclusive education as a favorable practice (mean 2.03±0.89), with a significant number expressing strong agreement to the inclusion of learners in regular classrooms. The acceptance varied based on the type of disability, with physical disabilities (mean 2.40±1.12 for wheelchair-bound learners) receiving more agreement than behavioral issues (mean 2.36±0.95 for learners who stutter).
Conclusion: Most private school teachers in Peshawar exhibit a supportive stance towards inclusive education. This positive attitude is crucial for fostering an inclusive environment that benefits all students.
Demographic Characteristics, Stress and Emotion Regulation in the Caregivers of Elderly Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Nasim Bushra , Kausar Sania , Zaheer Sana , Bashir Amna , Fareed Sadia
Published: March 2024

Background: Caregiving for elderly hemodialysis patients is a complex, multifaceted experience that demands considerable emotional and physical resources. The role of caregivers, predominantly female, involves managing the stress and emotional turmoil associated with the patient's chronic illness, which significantly impacts their well-being. Understanding the dynamics of caregiving is essential for developing supportive interventions that enhance caregiver and patient outcomes.
Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationship between demographic characteristics, stress, and emotion regulation in caregivers of elderly hemodialysis patients. It sought to identify key factors that contribute to caregiver stress and to evaluate how prolonged caregiving affects caregivers' ability to regulate emotions.
Methods: Employing a correlational research design, the study analyzed data from 60 caregivers of elderly hemodialysis patients. Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used to examine the relationships among variables, while demographic characteristics were assessed through descriptive statistics. The Kingston Caregiver Stress Scale (KCSS) and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) were administered to evaluate stress levels and emotion regulation capabilities, respectively.
Results: The majority of caregivers were women (62%), with a significant proportion married (68%) and primarily in the age range of 35-50 years. A strong negative correlation was found between the duration of caregiving and KCSS total scores (r = -0.872, p < .001), indicating higher stress levels associated with longer caregiving durations. Conversely, a positive correlation was observed between the duration of caregiving and ERQ total scores (r = 0.380, p = .003), suggesting improved emotion regulation over time. The study also noted no significant relationship between family system types and stress levels.
Conclusion: The study highlights the significant impact of caregiving on stress and emotion regulation among caregivers of elderly hemodialysis patients. It underscores the need for comprehensive support systems that address both the informational and emotional needs of caregivers, thereby enhancing their coping mechanisms and overall well-being.
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome and its Association with Balance and Proprioception: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Wahab Hira , Gulalai  , Rahat Amina , Khan Azmat , Haleem Farhan , Khalid Zohaib
Published: March 2024

Background: Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) is a prevalent condition characterized by anterior knee pain, significantly affecting individuals' balance and proprioception. Despite its commonality, the relationship between PFPS and these functional impairments remains inadequately explored. Previous studies have suggested a link, but comprehensive analyses incorporating balance, proprioception, and PFPS are scarce.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between PFPS and deficits in balance and proprioception, emphasizing the potential for rehabilitation focused on these areas to improve patient outcomes.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 103 participants diagnosed with PFPS, utilizing non-probability convenience sampling at the Out-Patient Department of Physical Therapy, Akbar Medical Complex, Mardan, Pakistan. Participants underwent assessments for balance (using static and dynamic balance tests) and proprioception (via joint position sense testing). Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 22, with chi-square tests to assess statistical associations between PFPS and the measured variables.
Results: Among the participants, 60.2% were males, and 39.8% were females, with an injured limb distribution of 30.1% for both the left and right legs and 39.8% for both legs. The duration of symptoms varied, with 51.5% experiencing symptoms for 1-3 months. Proprioception degree angles showed mean values of 37.5728 (SD=3.76933) for the right limb and 38.4272 (SD=5.81681) for the left limb. Chi-square tests revealed significant impairments in balance and proprioception among individuals with PFPS (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The study confirmed a significant association between PFPS and impairments in balance and proprioception. These findings support the integration of balance and proprioceptive training into rehabilitation programs for PFPS patients, potentially improving symptoms and functional outcomes.
Complications Associated with Metal Ceramic Prosthesis in Fixed Partial Denture used in Peshawar
Authors: Khan Rehman , Shahzadi Almas , Gul Mehwish , Naz Naseema , Faisal  , Faryal Syeda
Published: March 2024

Background: Fixed Partial Dentures (FPDs) are a cornerstone in the restoration of missing teeth, offering both functional and aesthetic benefits. Metal-ceramic FPDs, in particular, have gained popularity due to their durability and mechanical properties. However, their associated complications can significantly impact patient satisfaction and prosthesis longevity.
Objective: This study aims to investigate the complications associated with metal-ceramic FPDs in a Pakistani population, focusing on their prevalence, types, and distribution across different dental arches and locations.
Methods: Conducted at Sardar Begum Dental College, Peshawar, Pakistan, this descriptive cross-sectional study involved 183 participants, selected via non-probability convenience sampling over 4 to 6 months. Participants aged 15 to 60 years, who had been wearing metal-ceramic FPDs for more than a month, were included. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire, with complications categorized into biological and technical issues. SPSS version 25 was utilized for data analysis, employing descriptive statistics to quantify the prevalence and distribution of complications.
Results: The study identified pain on chewing (46.4%) and de-cementation (23.5%) as the most frequent complications. The distribution of complications was nearly even between the maxillary (49.1%) and mandibular (50.9%) arches, with a higher incidence in the posterior regions. Specifically, the mandibular posterior region recorded the most problems (45.4%), followed by the maxillary posterior (28.4%), maxillary anterior (20.8%), and mandibular anterior (5.5%) regions.
Conclusion: The prevalence of complications associated with metal-ceramic FPDs, particularly pain on chewing and de-cementation, underscores the need for meticulous case selection, precise treatment planning, and enhanced patient education on oral hygiene. These measures are essential to improving the longevity of FPDs and patient satisfaction, highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in dental care.
Unveiling the Impact of Nandrolone Decanoate on Kidney and Heart of Rattus Norvegicus
Authors: Abbas Afshan Syed , Akram Muhammad Naseem , Nisa Waqar Un , Liaqat Muhammad Farhan , Tariq Muhammad Abdullah , Bakar Muhammad Abu , Sattar Aamir
Published: March 2024

Background: The use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) like Nandrolone Decanoate (ND) for enhancing physical performance and muscle growth is prevalent among athletes and non-athletes. However, the adverse effects of AAS on organ systems, particularly the kidney and heart, have been a growing concern within the medical and scientific community. Previous studies have highlighted the potential nephrotoxic and cardiotoxic effects of these substances, necessitating further research to elucidate the extent of organ damage.
Objective: This study aims to investigate the histopathological effects of ND on the kidney and heart tissues of Rattus norvegicus and to draw comparisons with control groups to assess the severity of organ damage.
Methods: A total of 15 Rattus norvegicus were divided into three groups: a control group, an olive oil group (positive control), and a steroid group (ND treated). The animals were housed under controlled conditions with a 12-hour light/dark cycle at 23±2°C. The steroid and olive oil groups received 50mg/ml intramuscular injections of ND and olive oil, respectively, twice weekly for six weeks. Following treatment, the animals were euthanized, and their kidney and heart tissues were extracted for histological examination. Tissues were fixed in 10% formalin, processed, and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) for microscopic evaluation.
Results: Histological analysis revealed significant alterations in the ND-treated group compared to controls. Kidney tissues from the ND group exhibited tubular dilation, epithelial degeneration, and necrosis with a noticeable increase in Bowman's space and vascular congestion. Quantitatively, tubular atrophy and degeneration were observed in 80% of the ND-treated animals, compared to none in the control and olive oil groups. Heart tissues in the ND group showed evidence of myocardial fibrosis and necrosis, with myocardial fibrosis observed in 70% of the steroid-treated animals, significantly higher than the control groups.
Conclusion: The administration of Nandrolone Decanoate in Rattus norvegicus significantly impacts kidney and heart histology, underscoring the potential health risks associated with AAS use. These findings contribute to the growing body of evidence on the nephrotoxic and cardiotoxic effects of steroids, emphasizing the need for caution and further research in human healthcare to develop safer therapeutic alternatives.
Factors Associated with the Nutritional Status of Mechanically Ventilated Patients in Intensive Care Unit: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Khan Atif , Bashir Shahzad , Kumar Santosh , Haq Fazal
Published: March 2024

Background: Nutritional status significantly impacts the outcomes of critically ill patients in intensive care units (ICU), with malnutrition being a common complication that can exacerbate morbidity and mortality rates. The Nutrition Risk in the Critically ill (NUTRIC) score is a valuable tool for identifying patients at risk of malnutrition and guiding nutritional interventions.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the factors influencing the nutritional status, as assessed by the NUTRIC score, of mechanically ventilated patients in ICUs across tertiary care hospitals, and to explore the association between nutritional risk and patient outcomes.
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in five tertiary care hospitals in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, from August to December 2023. The study included patients aged 18 and above, who were mechanically ventilated for more than 48 hours. The NUTRIC score was calculated based on data collected on demographics, clinical characteristics, and laboratory investigations. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify factors affecting the NUTRIC score using SPSS version 25.
Results: Out of 335 patients, 75.2% were male, and 51.3% were aged between 50-75 years. A high NUTRIC score (indicating higher risk of malnutrition) was found in 25% of patients, while 74.9% had a low NUTRIC score. Factors significantly affecting the NUTRIC score included ventilation status (invasive/non-invasive), number of comorbidities, age, status of life (alive/deceased), and length of stay in ICU. The mortality rate was 3.9%, with a higher prevalence in older age groups.
Conclusion: The study highlights the prevalence of nutritional risk among mechanically ventilated ICU patients and underscores the importance of early nutritional assessment and intervention. Targeted nutritional support, especially for patients with higher risk profiles, is crucial for improving outcomes and reducing mortality rates in this vulnerable population.
Incidence of Opportunistic Infections in HIV Patients at Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) Adherence Unit, Islamabad Pakistan
Authors: Qayyum Shah Fahad , Khan Hamza , Rukh Gul
Published: March 2024

Background: Opportunistic infections (OIs) pose a considerable threat to HIV-infected individuals, especially in regions with varied environmental exposures and healthcare resources. The prevalence and severity of these infections are influenced by factors such as local pathogen profiles, host genetics, and the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART).
Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and types of opportunistic infections among male HIV-positive patients at an ART adherence unit in Islamabad, Pakistan, and to compare these with regional trends.
Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study design was utilized, encompassing a review of medical records from 533 male HIV-positive patients over a seven-month period. Data collection focused on demographic details, infection types, and treatment regimens. Exclusion criteria included incomplete files and unspecified OIs. The analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, with frequencies and percentages calculated to assess the prevalence of each infection type.
Results: Out of 533 patients, 149 (27.95%) developed at least one opportunistic infection. Respiratory infections were most common, with tuberculosis (TB) found in 25 (16.77%) patients. Skin-related infections were observed in 37 (24.83%) patients, primarily associated with intravenous drug use. Oral thrush was present in 11 (7.38%) patients. Other infections included urinary tract infections in 5 (3.35%) patients and various less common OIs.
Conclusion: The study revealed that OIs remain a significant health challenge for HIV-positive individuals, with a notable prevalence of respiratory and skin infections. Early and sustained ART, along with preventive healthcare measures, are crucial in managing and reducing OIs.