bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of ROE on the PBV of Toll Road, Airport, Port, and Sub-Sector Companies in the Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors: Andy Andy , S. H. Hengky
Published: October 2021

This research has been conducting before and during the Covid 19 pandemic and aims to test the effect of the Return on Equity (ROE) to the Price Book Value (PBV) of toll road subsector’s companies, airports, and the like on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (ISE) for 6 years in Indonesia. This type of research uses quantitative research and is equipped with verification with an explanatory survey method. The sampling method used a purposive. It took from five sample companies. Data analysis in this study used panel data regression with the results: The results of this study indicate that ROE has a strong effect on firm value.
Methods to analyze spatio-temporal rainfall variability: application to the Pajeú river basin, Pernambuco, Brazil
Authors: Assis Janaina Oliveira Maria de , Menezes Athos Farias , De Souza Werônica Meira , Sobral Maria do Carmo Martins
Published: October 2021

This paper addresses a methodology for analyzing spatio-temporal rainfall variability as a tool to support action planning that could mitigate negative impacts and reduce conflicts over water use in the Pajeú river basin, located in the semi-arid region of the state of Pernambuco. We used daily rainfall data from 11 rainfall stations, between 1964 and 2016, provided by the Pernambuco Water and Climate Agency (Agência Pernambucana de Águas e Clima — APAC) and the National Water Agency (Agência Nacional de Águas — ANA). This analysis employed the RClimDex software to calculate rainfallrelated climate extremes indices, aiming at monitoring and detecting climate changes and alterations in the regional rainfall pattern. The results indicated a change in the rainfall pattern in the Pajeú river basin, and all climate indices obtained converge toward the increase in water scarcity in the area, contributing to the recurrent droughts that impact the region.
Exogenous Factors Affecting Multifocal Electroretinogram: A mini review
Authors: Chen Ai-Hong , Mohamad Rafiuddin Muhamad Syukri , Coupland Stuart
Published: October 2021

Multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) is an important diagnostic tool in the clinical evaluation of central electro-retinal function of the macula. To enhance the diagnostic values and to improve its accuracy and internal consistency, it is crucial to examine carefully the endogenous and exogenous factors that affect mfERG recordings and clinical interpretations. This mini review focuses on three aspects of exogenous factors including (1) physiological variations pertaining to age and gender; (2) systemic changes owing to oxygen, blood pressure and glucose levels; (3) individual variables due to refractive status, pupil size,  luminance and viewing condition.
La reincorporación en clave del fortalecimiento de capacidades territoriales para la construcción de paz: una mirada desde la academia
Authors: Sierra Pardo Claudia Patricia , Castro Vergara María Clemencia , Luna García Jairo Ernesto , Fresneda Ortíz David Alejandro , Muñoz Garzón Ana Milena
Published: October 2021

Resumen: El artículo presenta la síntesis analítica de un proceso de diálogo entre la comunidad académica de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia; los firmantes y garantes del Acuerdo de Paz en La Habana, Cuba; y representantes de las FARC-EP y del Estado colombiano alrededor de con- versatorios, seguidos de un análisis del proceso de reincorporación para identificar sus alcances y limitaciones, encaminado a visualizar propuestas para su fortalecimiento en nueve ejes: compren- sión de la reincorporación; enfoque territorial en la implementación de la reincorporación; acceso a la tierra; nueva geografía de la reincorporación; seguridad en los territorios y protección de la vida de personas en proceso de reincorporación; proyectos productivos, asociatividad y vínculo con procesos comunitarios; fortalecimiento de capacidades de las personas firmantes del Acuerdo; incorporación política; y nuevas dinámicas familiares, comunitarias y colectivas.

Reincorporation Process in the Sense of the Strengthening of Local Capacities for Peace- building: A view from the Academy

Abstract: Through a dialogue between the academic community of the National University of Colombia, the signatories and guarantors of the Peace Agreement between the FARC-EP and the Co- lombian State signed in Havana, Cuba, an analysis of the reincorporation process was carried out in order to identify its scope and limitations. It aims at visualizing proposals for the strengthening of the agreement in nine axes: understanding of the reincorporation process; access to land; new geography of the reincorporation; security in the territories and protection of the lives of people in the process of reincorporation; productive projects, association and linkage to community pro- cesses; capacity-building of the signatories; political incorporation; and new family, community and collective dynamics.

Keywords: Peace Agreement, Reincorporation Process, National University, Colombia.
Type 2 Fuzzy Logic based Unequal Clustering algorithm for multi-hop wireless sensor networks
Authors:   Department of Computer Science, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India, Sariga A. ,   Department of Computer Science, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India, Uthayakumar J.
Published: October 2021

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is an integral part of IoT and Maximizing the network lifetime is a challenging task. Clustering is the most popular energy efficient technique which leads to increased lifetime stability and reduced energy consumption. Though clustering offers several advantages, it eventually raises the burden of CHs located in proximity to the Base Station (BS) in multi-hop data transmission which makes the CHs near BS die earlier than other CHs. This issue is termed as hot spot problem and unequal clustering protocols were introduced to handle it. Presently, some of the clustering protocols are developed using Type-2 Fuzzy Logic (T2FL) but none of them addresses hot spot problem. This paper presents a Type-2 Fuzzy Logic based Unequal Clustering Algorithm (T2FLUCA) for the elimination of hot spot problem and also for lifetime maximization of WSN. The proposed algorithm uses residual energy, distance to BS and node degree as input to T2FL to determine the probability of becoming CHs (PCH) and cluster size. For experimentation, T2FLUCA is tested on three different scenarios and the obtained results are compared with LEACH, TEEN, DEEC and EAUCF in terms of network lifetime, throughput and average energy consumption. The experimental results ensure that T2FLUCA outperforms state of art methods in a significant way.
Managing a Secure Refresh Token Implementation with JSON Web Token in REST API
Authors:   Associate Professor of Information Technology, Faculty of Computers & Informatics, Zagazig University, Egypt, .. Ehab ,   Professor of Information Technology, Faculty of Computers & Informatics, Zagazig University, Egypt,   Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computers & Informatics, Zagazig University, Egypt, .. Walid , Salah Nihal
Published: October 2021

JSON Web Token (JWT) is a compact and self-contained mechanism, digitally authenticated and trusted, for transmitting data between various parties. They are mainly used for implementing stateless authentication mechanisms. The Open Authorization (OAuth 2.0) implementations are using JWTs for their access tokens. OAuth 2.0 and JWT are used token frameworks or standards for authorizing access to REST APIs because of their statelessness and signature implementation and JWT tokens are based on JSON and used in new authentication and authorization protocols in OAuth 2.0 because of their small size. When refresh tokens are stored in cookies, the size limit of a cookie or URL may be quickly exceeded. There may be refresh tokens for accessing users and getting the refresh token is a bit more complicated and refresh tokens in the browser require additional security measures and the attacker steals a refresh token and attempts to use it after the application has already used it. This implies that the attacker was able to steal a refresh token from the application. If the refresh token can be stolen, then so can the access token, even short token lifetimes can still lead to major abuse scenarios. In this article, we discuss the security properties of refresh tokens in the browser and the pattern to secure JWT tokens in the web front-end better. We propose a Backend for Frontend (BFF) pattern, where the token handling is deferred to the server-side component to a secure token that provides a lot of flexibility to the client-side.
Optimal Algorithm for Shared Network Communication Bandwidth in IoT Applications
Authors:   Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia, Al-Masri Ahmed N. Al ,   mhmed.algrnaodi.1@ens.etsmtl.ca,   College of Computer Information Technology, American University in the Emirates, Dubai, UAE, .. Mhmed , Al-Masri Ahmed N. Al
Published: October 2021

In recent years, a variety of wired and wireless network communication protocols in the field of industrial control have become increasingly mature. The purpose of this paper is to provide a Shared network communication bandwidth optimization management algorithm for large-scale industrial networked control systems in Internet of things applications. This algorithm is based on the generalized geometric convex optimization method and can realize the optimal allocation of Shared network communication bandwidth resources. L2 networked control systems is used in this paper for the establishment of various numerical relations between the control performance and the communication network parameters. Based on the generalized geometric convex optimization method for the numerical relationship between convex analysis and fitting, convexity, and with the convex analysis and the numerical relationship between convexity fitting as constraint conditions, the results of integrity for networked control systems with large-scale resource allocation target will share the optimal management of network resources as a generalized geometric convex optimization problem. Using convex optimization software package for optimizing the optimal global solution of management problem, i. e. the optimal allocation of resources, the algorithm realizes the stability of each networked control system and achieve optimal L2 control performance. It is concluded that the predetermined transmission rate between the network node one and network node two, the data flow information sent by the network node two to the network node one is read, the delay time and packet loss rate between the two nodes are determined, the delay time is reduced by about 8 seconds, and the packet loss rate is greatly reduced by 78%.
An Overview of Cloud-Based Secure Services for Enterprise Drug–Drug Interaction Systems
Authors:   Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computers and Informatics, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt, admin admin
Published: October 2021

Cloud computing has brought a new paradigm shift to the technology industry and has become increasingly popular. Cloud communication is an emerging technology that can be combined with traditional healthcare management used to provide better healthcare services. Today, the adoption rate of cloud computing by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) is much higher than that of large companies. This triggered a debate about whether this cloud computing technology will penetrate the entire IT industry. Small and midsize enterprises are using cloud computing to deploy general IT infrastructure and software systems at low-cost, while large enterprises rely on their own infrastructure to ensure data security, privacy, and flexibility. One of the most demanded healthcare services that needs the cloud privileges is Drug-Drug Interaction – DDI. In this article, we have investigated different traditional systems compared to cloud-based systems, and as a privilege of providing system solutions to the public, what features the cloud brings to improve health management software.
An Improved Group Teaching Optimization based Localization Scheme for WSN
Authors:   College of Computer Science and Engineering, Hail University , Hail, Saudi Arabia, Ramadan Rabie A.
Published: October 2021

Localization is widely employed in wireless sensor networks (WSN) to detect the present position of the nodes. Generally, WSN comprises numerous sensors, which makes the deployment of GPS in all nodes cost and fails to provide precise localization outcomes in several cases. The manual configuration of the position reference of the sensors is not feasible under dense networks. Therefore, the NL process can be treated as an NP-hard problem and solved by metaheuristic algorithms. In this aspect, this paper presents an improved group teaching optimization algorithm-based NL technique called IGTOA-NL for WSN. The IGTOA technique is derived by integrating the basic concepts of GTOA with the β-hill-climbing technique to improve the overall node localization process. The IGTOA-NL technique can effectually localize the nodes in WSN under varying anchor node count. To showcase the productive outcome of the IGTOA technique, a series of simulations take place under a diverse number of anchors. The resultant values highlighted the proficient NL outcome of the IGTOA technique over the current state of art NL techniques in terms of different measures.
Development of a cake rich in resistant starch with good sensory acceptance
Authors:   Faculdade Maria Milza, Guedes Iohana Scarlet Almeida , Viana Eliseth de Souza ,   Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Reis Ronielli Cardoso ,   Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Santos Fabrine Dias ,   Faculdade Mariz Milza, Mesquita Paulo Roberto Ribeiro ,   Faculdade Mariz Milza
Published: October 2021

The objective of this study was to develop a cake rich in resistant starch, with green banana flour (GBF), of good sensory acceptance. In step 1, four cake formulations were prepared with increasing concentrations of GBF and evaluated for acceptability and purchase intention. In step 2, four new formulations were made by modifying the most accepted formulation in step 1, in addition to the formulation without GBF (control). The resistant starch content, proximate composition, total calorific value, and sensory acceptance data were obtained. The formulation with cocoa powder and dried banana (E1F4) achieved 97.78% overall acceptance and higher purchase intent. In step 2, the formulations with 14% and 18% GBF were the most accepted for flavor, texture/softness, and overall acceptance. Adding the categories of “would certainly buy” and “would probably buy”, 53.33% of consumers would buy the cake with 14% GBF and 48.89% would buy the cake containing 18% GBF. The incorporation of GBF increased the resistant starch contents of the formulations as compared with the control. Ash content was highest in the formulation with 26% GBF (2.22%) and lipid content in the control formulation (11.58%). The treatments did not differ in terms of moisture content. Protein content decreased as the GBF content in the formulations was increased. The total dietary fiber content of the formulations was 9.30%. Carbohydrate content and calorific value also did not vary. The mean values of L*, a*, b*, C*, and h* showed that the cakes had an intense dark brown color. In conclusion, the addition of 14% and 18% GBF to the cake resulted in a product of high sensory acceptance, with high purchase intent, a resistant starch content 7.21 and 8.34 times higher than those in the control cake.
Evaluation of traditional Brazilian sausage (linguiça calabresa) elaborated with oregano and basil extracts as natural antioxidants
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Savoldi Daniele Cristina , Mendonça Fernanda Jéssica ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Vicenzi Bárbara Geremia ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Marchi Denis Fabrício ,   Instituto Federal do Paraná, Marchi João Francisco ,   Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Tonial Ivane Benedetti ,   Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Soares Adriana Lourenço ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina
Published: October 2021

This study aimed to evaluate traditional Brazilian sausage (linguiça calabresa) elaborated with oregano and basil extracts as natural antioxidants. Hydroalcoholic extracts of dried oregano and basil leaves were prepared, freeze-dried, and evaluated for antioxidant activity by Folin-Ciocalteu, DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS assays. Freeze-dried oregano extract showed higher (p < 0.05) antioxidant activity than freeze-dried basil extract by all methods. Extracts were used in preparations of seven sausage formulations, as follows: F1, 0.05% oregano extract and 0.05% basil extract; F2, 0.1% oregano extract and 0.05% basil extract; F3, 0.05% oregano extract and 0.1% basil extract; F4, 0.075% oregano extract and 0.075% basil extract, F5, 0.1% oregano extract and 0.1% basil extract; F6 (control), without extract; and F7, 0.01% butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Sausage formulations were analyzed for chemical composition, pH, acidity, water activity, lipid oxidation, color, and texture. Formulations showed differences in pH at different storage periods. F1, F2, F3, and F7 had the lowest (p < 0.05) lipid oxidation values at 53 days of storage. F1, F2, F6, and F7 showed higher a* values and lower b* values. Hardness and chewiness decreased (p < 0.05) during storage for all formulations. F1, F2, and F3 had similar efficiency to that with synthetic antioxidant BHT (F7), therefore, oregano and basil extracts have potential application as natural antioxidants in the food industry.
Effects of insulin on sperm cell quality in ram semen cooled at 5°C
Authors:   Universidade Estadual do Ceará, van Tilburg Maurício Fraga , Oliveira Rodrigo Vasconcelos de ,   Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Gadelha Carla Renata Figueiredo ,   Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fagundes Bruno ,   Universidade Iguaçu, Dias Angelo Jose Burla ,   Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Quirino Célia Raquel ,   Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Silva José Frederico Straggiotti ,   Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro
Published: October 2021

Insulin is present in the seminal plasma and is involved in sperm activities like motility and capacitation. However, the effects of insulin on the viability of cooled ram sperm are not fully understood. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of insulin addition on ram sperm maintained at 5ºC. Sperm samples were collected from six healthy, mature Santa Inês rams. The ejaculates were divided into two aliquots with (insulin group) or without (control group) insulin (3 IU mL-1) in the semen extender, and then cooled at 5°C for 48 hours. Subsequently, the sperm cells were evaluated for motility and kinetics using computer-assisted semen analysis. The samples were evaluated for acrosomal integrity by fluorescein using isothiocyanate combined with peanut agglutinin (FITC-PNA) and membrane functionality by the hypoosmotic swelling test. The semen analysis was performed after 24 or 48 hours of cooling. There was an increased percentage of progressive sperm motility (%), straightness (%), linearity (%) and beat caudal frequency (Hz) in the insulin group after 24 and 48 hours of cooling (p < 0.05). However, insulin did not affect total sperm motility, sperm velocities (VSL, VAP and VCL) (μm seg-1), acrosomal integrity and membrane functionality during cooling (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the addition of 3 IU mL-1 insulin to ram semen extender improved the quality of sperm motility after cooling.
Multidrug resistance in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) isolated from broiler chickens at slaughter
Authors:   Universidade Federal Fluminense, Ornellas Rodrigo Pacheco , Lopes Hugo Peralva ,   Universidade Federal Fluminense, Baptista Daniela de Queiroz ,   Universidade Federal Fluminense, Dias Thomas Salles ,   Universidade Federal Fluminense, Figueira Arthur de Almeida ,   Universidade Federal Fluminense, Costa Gisllany Alves ,   Universidade Federal Fluminense, Machado Leandro dos Santos ,   Universidade Federal Fluminense, Cunha Nathalie Costa da ,   Universidade Federal Fluminense, Pereira Virginia Léo de Almeida ,   Universidade Federal Fluminense, Abreu Dayse Lima da Costa ,   Universidade Federal Fluminense
Published: October 2021

Broiler chickens and derived products are a key source of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in humans. This pathotype is responsible for causing severe episodes of diarrhea, which can progress to systemic complications. A rapid and accurate diagnosis of the disease, and early treatment of the infection with antimicrobials, can prevent it worsening. However, multidrug-resistant strains have potentially negative implications for treatment success. In this context, the aim of the present study was to isolate and identify multidrug-resistant STEC strains from broiler chickens and carcasses. Of 171 E. coli strains, isolated by conventional microbiological techniques and submitted to Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), for detection of stx1 and stx2 genes, 21.05% (36/171) were STEC pathotype, and most of them (66.67% - 24/36) carried both stx1 and eae genes. The multidrug resistance pattern was observed in 75% (27/36) of STEC strains. The presence of STEC in broiler chickens and carcasses reinforces that these sources may act as reservoirs for this pathotype. Multidrug-resistant bacteria contaminating animal products represent a public health issue because of the possibility of spread of multidrug-resistant determinants in the food chain and a higher risk of failure in human treatment when antimicrobials are needed.
Rhetorical and Postcolonial Readings of John 4 and 8: its Hermeneutical Application in Korea
Authors: Oh-Young Kwon
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article explores rhetorical and postcolonial readings of John 4 and 8. These Johannine chapters contain rhetorical characteristics and the rhetorical technique of “comparison” that is implicitly indicated in John 4:3-9 and 8:48-58. These approaches suggest that the Johannine author deliberately employed them in order to present Jesus as Christ/Messiah who embraced nations—Jews, Samaritans, and all Gentile nations, just as Abraham is seen as the father of all nations. Rhetorical and postcolonial readings further highlight Jesus’s messianic act of passing through Samaria, which challenged and decolonized the Jews’ (pre)dominant claim of their religious and ethnic superiority over Samaritans under the colonization of the Roman Empire and the hegemony of Roman imperialism. Furthermore, the highlight is reread and re-evaluated for Koreans in the Korean peninsula, which is in a difficult political and diplomatic position that requires reconciliation and reunification between the two Koreas. All these hermeneutical attempts and outcomes encourage and motivate one to go beyond religious and ritual readings of the Gospel of John and place more emphasis on political and ideological readings of Jesus’s interactions with Samaritans and Jews in the gospel.
Pembentukkan Nilai Ketawadhu’an Santri Melalui Penyebaran Stiker UW
Authors: Kholik Moh. , Azizah Mar'atul , Ramadhan Muhammad
Published: October 2021

This research describes the implementation of stickers distribution in forming students' humble at al Urwatul Wutsqo Islamic Boarding School, Jombang. This research is qualitative research, data collected through interviews, observation and documentation. The data then analyzed by Miles and Huberman model such as, reduction, display and verification data. The results of this study are the distribution of stickers is carried out at least twice a year, during semester holidays and the boarder orders from, the distribution of stickers to maintain the existence of the Islamic boarding school, inviting others to look for knowledge at al Urwatul Wutsqo Islamic boarding school, for boarding, studying, training students to be better humble either to Allah, to religion, to prophet to theologian, and to their peers. The students are also given guidance in distributing stickers, as a means of practicing the prophet nature in seeking people and spreading the religion of Allah. The technic of distribution are the students have stickers and all schools destination data that will be given. Then, the students come to the school to see the principal or representative to get out recommendations; the next, students distribute the stickers.
Metode-Metode Dalam Pembelajaran Keterampilan Bahasa Arab Reseptif
Authors: Baroroh R. Umi , Rahmawati Fauziyah Nur
Published: October 2021

There are four main components in learning Arabic language, as the basis .They are listening (istima), reading (qiroah), speaking (kalam), and writing skills (kitabah). Istima 'and qiroah skills are receptive skills. This research is aimed to find out how to choose suitable methods to be applied in Arabic learning in receptive skills. This research is library research (literature study) that relies on books or journals, and then the data was analyzed using the content analysis method. The findings of this study indicate that there are many methods in learning Arabic, including direct method, aAl-sam'iyah al-syafawiyah, qiroah, and teacher silent method. This research also discusses how to use a good method to make students do not find difficulties and boring in the learning and the aim learning is achieved. In selecting a method, the teacher should know how the students’ condition and development.
DELIVERY OF PUBLIC SERVICES BY LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT UNITS SUPPORTED BY PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP
Authors: Szczepańczyk Marta
Published: October 2021

Contents included in this paper relate to problematic of delivery of public services on the principles of cooperation between public party and private party. The aim of this article comes down to assessment of development of public-private partnership in Poland from the realization of public services point of view. At the beginning of this consideration the role of self-government in process of satisfying common citizens’ needs has been highlighted. In this area particular attention has been paid to issue of public services, within which definition and their classification have been shown. Possibility of external
entities’ participation in the process of public services realization has been also underlined. Emphasis has been placed on public-private partnership. In this context theoretical assumptions of this cooperation form have been presented, moreover current, national regulation and cooperation categories widespread in EU countries have been highlighted. Analysis of public-private partnership market in Poland with regard to contracts concluded in order to delivery of public services by local governments has been carried out. At the end conclusions and directions of further research have been indicated.
ENTERPRISE CYBERSECURITY RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE ERA OF THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC THREAT
Authors: Kucia Katarzyna
Published: October 2021

Risk management is one of the most important areas in modern business management. Risk is an integral part of the functioning of all economic entities, including enterprises. At a time of intense development of information technology, cybersecurity can be considered an important determinant of risk, which has a significant impact on all activities undertaken by the company. In the COVID-19 emergency, most organizations were forced to move some areas of their operations into cyberspace, increasing their exposure to cybersecurity risks. The purpose of this article is to identify methods and techniques to protect against the negative consequences of cyber security risks in Polish companies in the era of COVID-19 epidemic threat.
Skepticism, Revisionary Metaphysics, and Why Epistemic Akrasia May Be Good for You
Authors: Shatz David ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2021

One of the most salient features of epistemology in the past two decades—in fact, perhaps the most salient—is the explosion of literature on how higher-order evidence impacts the rationality of one’s first-order beliefs. Higher-order evidence is, primarily, evidence about what one’s evidence supports. An important concept in the debate is epistemic akrasia. Roughly, the akrates believes: “p, but my evidence does not support p.” Criticisms of epistemic akrasia have focused on certain sorts of mundane examples. They have generally scanted the role that akrasia plays in large classical epistemological issues concerning “Grand Epistemic Narratives,” notably skepticism and relativism. Additionally, akrasia may enter into the enterprise of revisionary metaphysics; and, finally, into the practice of philosophers who hold beliefs in the face of wide peer disagreement. This paper thus illustrates the relevance of epistemic akrasia to important philosophical issues. It leaves us, moreover, with a significant measure of puzzlement.
A Racionalidade da Fé no Proslogion de Santo Anselmo
Authors: Martines Paulo ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2021

It can be said that the Proslogion is a meditation on the being of God, which is carried out by a spirit that seeks to understand what it initially believes. Its conceptual articulation is commanded by the presence of the unique argument, which, at the moment it recognizes the existence of God, it points the way by which the creature can conceive something appropriate about Him. The Proslogion will offer us a path to think over the sense of searching for “reasons” in the exclusive domains of faith, the effort of the human word to find that which was said before by someone else. The objective of this paper is to consider the sense of this rationality, the roles it performs inside the intelligence of faith. In the first part, I indicate the constitution of the Proslogion, as a waming (excitatio), a proof (probatio) and the final gladness (gaudium) hoped by man. In the second part, I indicate the debate regarding the human cogitatio, formulated in the Graunilo’s review to the argument and the consequent Anselm’s reply.
Anselmo, Crítico de Roscelino
Authors: Rodrigues Vera ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2021

Anselmo foi, como o seria um pouco mais tarde Abelardo, um dos mais eminentes adversários de Roscelino de Compiègne, considerado geralmente como o iniciador da posição dita vocalista no que diz respeito ao estatuto ontológico dos termos universais. É sobretudo no De incarnatione verbi que Anselmo desenvolve os seus argumentos contra as implicações teológicas e trinitárias das doutrinas de Roscelino, «herético da dialéctica», que defende que «as substâncias universais são simples palavras» (flatus voeis). Distante embora dos termos em que, desde o final do século XI, se configura a chamada «querela dos universais» (tributária do corpus da logica vetus, e designadamente das Categorias e do Peri hermeneias de Aristóteles, a que se juntam as Institutiones de Prisciano), a crítica de Anselmo a Roscelino, em si mesma e nos seus pressupostos, incide no entanto sobre alguns dos aspectos, dialécticos e semânticos, a que o debate nas escolas dará maior relevo. A essa luz, analisaremos aqui a crítica anselmiana à posição de Roscelino - que não distingue «o cavalo da sua cor», e que «não compreende como vários homens são um único homem na espécie» -, em particular no que diz respeito à relação entre substância e acidente (ou qualidade, segundo a gramática de Prisciano) e à semântica do nome.
Agostinho, Anselmo e Kilwardby Sobre a Linguagem Mental
Authors: Silva José Filipe ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2021

In the present article I examine Robert Kilwardby’s reading of Augustine’s and Anselm’s theories of the verbum mentis. The article is divided into three sections. In the first, I examine how Kilwardby’s criterion for personal distinction within the divine Trinity (by way of origin) is applied to the powers of the rational soul. Kilwardby considers Anselm’s understanding of the Augustinian solution unable to support the real distinction of persons. In the two remaining sections, I inspect the two models of thinking: thinking as speaking (section two) and thinking as seeing (section three). It will be argued that Kilwardby accepts the seeing model and rejects the speaking model.
As Teorias da Visão no Ocidente Medieval Até ao Século XII
Authors: Camps Maria da Conceição ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2021

Calcidius’ Commentary and translation of Plato’s Timaeus established a long tradition in the study and knowledge of Optics that continued until the 13th Century. However, the 12th Century will be known for the sake of a new sight on that subject occasioned by a new interest in quadrivium and by the approaching of Arabic science and philosophy. Adelard of Bath’s translations from Arabic and Natural Quaestions became an exemplar contribution to the spirit of scientific revolution in Optics that will take place throughout the 13th Century.
Dos Possíveis ao Necessário - Os Percursos de Anselmo de Aosta e de Tomás de Aquino
Authors: Bolinhas Maria Inês ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2021

O estudo que apresentamos consiste numa análise das terceiras vias anselmiana e tomista, duas vias existenciais, já que nelas a existência é o ponto de partida e o de chegada. O percurso de ambas é essencialmente idêntico, conduzindo a existência do ente possível a conclusão da existência do primeiro ente necessário. A sua leitura comparada revela um maior número de convergências do que de divergências quer quanto à estrutura argumentativa quer quanto à fundamentação metafisica. Com efeito, os principios metafisicos que as sustentam - identidade e não contradição, razão de ser, causalidade, participação - são os mesmos, ainda que formulados de modo diverso.
A Posição de Anselmo Face ao Uso do Poder Civil
Authors: Rocha Martins António ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2021

The present paper investigates Anselm’s position regarding the use of the civil power (secular authority), especially in the period between his nomination for Archbishop of Canterbury (1093) and the reconciliation with Henry I (1105) based on some of his Letters. Three points are articulated: 1. The configuration of the historical and juridical, the Cluniac Reform (as a model of translocal, hierarchical, corporate govemment) and the Papal Revolution (as a fundamental break in the historical continuity of the church). 2. The apprehension of Anselm conceming issue the justification of the power: insistently reaffirms his fidelity to the apostolic authority, but it also recognises certain legitimacy out of the ecclesiastical domain. In the continuity of Gregory VII, it would be impossible to ignore the distinction between the two powers («Investiture Struggle»). However, the polarisation of the spiritual power above all demands the reason (sola ratione), not the fideism. That is why Anselm could not have a negative or secular view of the constituted real determination and source of meaning which he gave to the civil power. 3. Relationship between theology and politics: the separation, concurrence, and interaction of the spiritual and secular jurisdictions were the true source of Anselm’s conception of power. The essay concludes with the positive implications of Anselm’s notion of the power.
A Razoabilidade da Vontade em Duns Escoto
Authors: Figueiredo Gonçalo ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2021

Since intelligence and will are component parts of the soul, they do not oppose, but collaborate in the happiness of man. In the sequence of their masters and the franciscan school, Scotus gives priority, in the execution order, to the will over the intelligence, without diminishing the role of the reason which is a sine qua non condition of the will. A previous and necessary condition, since without knowing there is no want, and the one who wants, wants something that intelligence gives to know as an object. In a particular way intelligence makes clear the end of volition, which is the infinite good. Being the will defined as “free rational appetite”, the freely tendency, and therefore in contingent way for the good, according to the right reason, it can not be violated, even if it has to be ordained by an affection for justice.
Total anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies measured 6 months after Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccination in healthcare workers
Authors: Salvagno Gian , Henry Brandon , Pighi Laura , de Nitto , Lippi Giuseppe
Published: October 2021

Background: This study aimed at monitoring the kinetics of serum total anti-SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) antibodies in a cohort of healthcare workers after voluntary vaccination with Pfizer-BioNTech coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA-based vaccine. Methods: The study population consisted of 787 healthcare workers (mean age 44±12 years; 66% females), who received two 30 mg doses of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine, 3 weeks apart. Venous blood was drawn before the first vaccine dose, immediately before the second vaccine dose, and then at 1, 3 and 6 months after the second vaccine dose. Serological testing employed the total antiSARS-CoV-2 antibodies measurement with Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S chemiluminescent immunoassay. Results: The median serum levels of total anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies reached the peak (1762 kU/L) 1 month after the second vaccine dose, but tended to progressively decline at the 3-month (1086 kU/L) and 6-month (802 kU/L) follow-up points. Overall, the values after 3and 6months were 37% and 57% lower than the corresponding concentrations measured at the peak. No healthcare worker had total anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies below the method-dependent cut-off after 6 months. The decline compared to the peak was more accentuated in baseline seropositive persons than in those who were baseline seronegative (74% vs. 52%) cohort. The 6-month post-vaccination anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in subjects aged <65 years remained over 2-fold higher than in those aged ≥65 years (813 vs. 343 kU/L) and also remained consistently higher in women than in men. Conclusions: Gradual decline of total anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies occurred 6 months after Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccination, though values remained higher than the method-dependent cut-off, with no case of sero-negativization.
Rapid-onset oral isotretinoin-induced acne fulminans without systemic symptoms in a male adolescent
Authors: Incel Uysal Pinar
Published: October 2021

Isotretinoin-induced acne fulminans without systemic symptoms (IIAF-WOSS) is an uncommon clinical variant of acne, not exhibiting systemic symptoms but with potentially severe skin lesions. Some authors believe that its occurrence is dose-dependent. Herein, we present the case of a sixteen-year-old boy with IIAF-WOSS, which developed two weeks after starting treatment with isotretinoin 0.6 mg/kg/day. The patient was successfully treated with a systemic steroid. IIAF-WOSS may cause significant disfiguring scarring, thus the physician needs to be aware of this condition, even early with low doses of isotretinoin.
Eosinopenia: An early diagnostic marker of COVID-19
Authors: Taj Farhana Tahseen , Devipriya S.
Published: October 2021

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic that has affected over two hundred countries and led to the increasing challenge of identifying, diagnosing, and treating patients. An effective early diagnostic marker is necessary for the identification of affected individuals, which would further aid in helping the prognosis. Objective: The aim was to study the diagnostic role of the eosinophil count in COVID-19 infection. Methodology: Thirty-five COVID-19 cases, confirmed either by RT-PCR or HRCT (high-resolution CT scan) were included in this cross-sectional study. Results: Out of the 35 patients, 26 (74.3%) had an eosinophil count of 0, six (17.1%) had a count of 1–2 eosinophils, and one had a count of 4. Conclusion: The absence of eosinophils in the routine complete blood count examination may certainly help in the early identification of a COVID-19 infection. Early identification may help in early therapeutic management and hence prevent further deterioration of the patient’s health.
Fecal microbiota transplantation mitigates bone loss by improving gut microbiome composition and gut barrier function in aged rats
Authors: Ma Sicong , Wang Ning , Zhang Pu , Wu Wen , Fu Lingjie
Published: October 2021

Background

Gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis is closely related to bone loss and the occurrence of osteoporosis in animals and human. However, little is known about the effect and the mechanisms of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on bone in the treatment of senile osteoporosis.

Methods

Aged female rats were randomly divided into the FMT group and the control group. 3-month-old female rats were used as fecal donors. The rats were sacrificed at 12 and 24 weeks following transplantation and the serum, intestine, bone, and feces were collected for subsequent analyses.

Results

The bone turnover markers of osteocalcin, procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), and carboxy-terminal peptide (CTX) decreased significantly at 12 and 24 weeks following FMT (P < 0.05). At 12 weeks following transplantation, histomorphometric parameters including the bone volume (BV), trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb.N), and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) of the FMT group were comparable to the control group. However, at 24 weeks following transplantation, these parameters of the FMT group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). Besides, the GM aggregated at 12 and 24 weeks following FMT, and the ecological distance was close between the rats in the FMT group and the donor rats. Alpha diversity, shown by the Shannon index and Simpson index, and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio decreased significantly after FMT at 24 weeks. Furthermore, FMT restored the GM composition in aged rats at the phylum and family level, and the intestinal microbiota of the aged rats was similar to that of the donor rats. Correlation network analysis indirectly suggested the causality of FMT on alleviating osteoporosis. FMT improved the intestinal structure and up-regulated the expression of tight junction proteins of occludin, claudin, and ZO-1, which might be associated with the protective effects of FMT on bone.

Conclusions

GM transplanted from young rats alleviated bone loss in aged rats with senile osteoporosis by improving gut microbiome composition and intestinal barrier function. These data might provide a scientific basis for future clinical treatment of osteoporosis through FMT.
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of auxin response factors in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Li Peipei , Ma Qian , Qu Chengxin , Zhu Shuliang , Zhao Kunkun , Ma Xingli , Li Zhongfeng , Zhang Xingguo , Gong Fangping , Yin Dongmei
Published: October 2021

Auxin response factors (ARFs) are transcription factors that regulate the expression of auxin response genes, and have important functions in plant growth and development. In this study, available genome data for peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) were used to identify AhARF genes. In total, 61 AhARFs and 23 AtARFs were divided into six groups (I–VI). Molecular structural analysis revealed that the protein members of AhARF contain at least two domains, the B3 domain and the Auxin-resp domain, and that some have a C-terminal dimerisation domain. Screening of the transcriptome data of 22 tissues of A. hypogaea cv. Tifrunner in a public database showed high expression levels of AhARF2 and AhARF6. AhARF6 was expressed more highly in the stem and branch than in the root and leaf of the wild species Arachis monticola (A. mon) and cultivated species H103. After treatment with exogenous auxin (NAA), the expression of AhARF6 was inhibited, and this inhibition was greater in A. mon than in H103. The transcriptome map revealed that the expression of AhARF6 was higher in the larger pods of H8107 and ZP06 than in the medium pods of H103 and small pods of A. mon. Moreover, AhARF6-5 was proven to be localised in the nucleus, consistent with the location of AtARF6. These results suggest that AhARF6 may play an important role in pod development in peanut.
Treatment Modalities for Rehabilitation of Mutilated Primary Anterior Teeth
Authors: Srivastava Rashi , Thosar Nilima
Published: October 2021

Early childhood caries commonly affects the primary maxillary anterior teeth, in which extensive post- endodontic rehabilitation has always been a challenge. This is due to the small size of the crown, relatively large pulp chambers, and the age of the child. The remaining inadequate sound tooth structure renders restorations more prone to fractures. Among the available treatment modalities which include extraction of the grossly destructed tooth structure, use of semipermanent crowns and intracanal posts, the posts can be used effectively, to restore the lost function and anatomy. They also enhance the quality of the final coronal restoration by providing additional support for retention. The available methods for intracanal reinforcement for anterior teeth include the metal posts fabricated using orthodontic wires, short composite posts fabricated directed in the primary root canal, prefabricated glass fiber posts and posts utilising polyethylene fibers (Ribbond). Recently certain advanced techniques such as the biologic dentin and zirconia have also come into use. The various advantages and disadvantages for these have been summarised in this review along with the standardised clinical protocol for their placement in the primary root canals. Various in-vivo and in-vitro studies have concluded that the glass-fiber short intracanal posts provide the most suitable esthetics, strength, elastic modulus, and resilience. However, further qualitative research is required to certify it as a standard treatment modality.
Validation of a diode‐based phantom for high temporal and spatial measurements in a 1.5 T MR‐linac
Authors: Oolbekkink Stijn , Wolthaus Jochem W. H. , van Asselen Bram , van den Dobbelsteen Madelon , Raaymakers Bas W.
Published: December 2024

Background

For the development and validation of dynamic treatment modalities and processes on the MR‐linac, independent measurements should be performed that validate dose delivery and linac behavior at a high temporal resolution. To achieve this, a detector with both high temporal and spatial resolution is necessary.

Purpose

This study investigates the suitability of a Delta4 Phantom+ MR (Delta4) detector array for time‐resolved dosimetry in the 1.5 T MR‐linac and characterizes the Delta4's performance with dynamic dose delivery, such as beam gating and field modulation during radiation.

Methods

A Delta4 detector was used, including software for time‐resolved dosimetry. First validation experiments were performed and compared to reference measurements. Subsequently, demonstrator measurements were performed to show use cases of the Delta4's time‐resolved dose readouts. An example of such an experiment is the determination of the field speed during a sliding window experiment, traveling between 0.7 and 6.8 cm/s in the cranial‐caudal direction.

Results

Validation experiments of the dose reproducibility and dose rate dependency showed no difference relative to the standard static delivery. The field speed measured by the Delta4 showed an average field speed difference of −0.3% relative to MR‐linac log files. The Delta4 was capable of measuring the dose with high accuracy and temporal resolution during dynamic radiation delivery.

Conclusion

The Delta4 can be used for time‐resolved dosimetry in a 1.5 T MR‐linac.