bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Informe de comisión. Procaína intravenosa y parto en primíparas viejas
Authors: De Obstetricia y Ginecología Federación Colombiana
Published: August 2020

Uno de los aspectos más interesante que a primera vista resalta en las historias presentadas por el doctor Ortiz, consiste en el efecto sedante e hipnótico que lo procaína intravenosa produce en las pacientes durante el trabajo del parto.
Tratamiento analgésico, antiflogístico y resolutivos en los procesos inflamatorios de los anexos
Authors: Wagner Helmut
Published: August 2020

Opina el autor, que el tratamiento inmediato de los procesos inflamato­rios de los anexos no se debe limitar a la mera terapéutica antibacterial, sino tiene que comprender a la vez medi­das analgésicas y antiflogísticas efica­ces. Por eso ha tratado 140 casos de anexitis y parametritis dolorosos con el nuevo preparado pirazólico Irgapirina, de notable acción analgésica y antipirética, que consiste en una combinación al 30% de Butazolidina  de pronunciado efecto antiflogístico, y dimetilaminofenil dimetilpirazolona.La interpretación crítica del efecto resolutivo de la Irgapirina fue dificul­tada en los casos agudos por el trata­miento simultáneo con sulfamidas y penicilina y en las salpingitis crónicas por el tratamiento de ondas cortas practicado a la vez. Por consiguiente fueron ante todo las indicaciones de las pacientes las que sirvieron para apreciar el efecto terapéutico.Una inyección intramuscular diaria de 5 c. c. de Irgapirina bastó por lo re­gular para dominar con seguridad hasta los dolores más intensos.Sólo en casos excepcionales fue ne­cesaria una segunda inyección para conseguir una analgesia de 24 horas.La mejor acción la tuvo la Irgapiri­na en los procesos agudos y sub-agudos de los anexos, en los que cesaron o disminuyeron considerablemente las molestias en muy poco tiempo. Pero también las salpingitis y parametritis crónicas reaccionaron bien a la tera­péutica por la Irgapiridina en el 80% de los casos. Este resultado tiene espe­cial significación porque el 70% de estas enfermas habían sido tratadas ya sin resultado con otros medicamen­tos. A causa del «estar enferma» en la constitución neuropática, a menudo el dolor se había «independizado» por decirlo así como entidad morbosa pro­pia. También este círculo vicioso se pudo romper con la Irgapirina.Como resultado de sus investiga­ciones, recalca el autor, que con la Irgapirina se pueden obtener resulta­dos satisfactorios tanto en los procesos inflamatorias agudos de los anexos como en los casos insidiosos y en las disfunciones vegetativas con algias, espasmos y rigidez del tejido conjun­tivo de la pelvis.
Parto en la Primípara de edad avanzada
Authors: Rodríguez Astie Ariel
Published: August 2020

El parto en la primípara de edad avanzada ha sido considerado difícil por todas las escuelas obstétricas. Diversas causas influyen en este hecho: un factor psicológico consistente en que la mujer ve pasar su vida genital activa sin la que esperanza de un hijo; las modificaciones que el transcurrir de la vida imprime en los tejidos y humores; la mayor exposición a enfermedades locales y generales (sífilis, afecciones cardio-renales, hipertensión, miomas); la deshidratación de los tejidos y su consiguiente endurecimiento.los autores están de acuerdo en casi la totalidad de los conceptos sobre primigestantes viejas, menos en uno: en la edad a la cual del  considerarse vieja una primípara. Así, Manuel Luis Pérez1 la considera como tal a partir de los 30 años; otros a los 35; hay quienes la dividen en años a cuando está entre los 30 y los 35 años, y vieja cuando tiene más de 35; Beruti la juzga vieja a los 28; Ahltel a los 32 y Mangiali a los 35. Profesionales de Loyola University de Chicago dicen: “La primigestante añosa es un concepto relativo, sin embargo la edad de 35 años es tomada como una medida” Thompson, de Dublin, la de­fine como “la mujer que estando por encima de los 35 años es embarazada por primera vez y que ha vivido antes alrededor de 20 años de su vida reproductiva”.Nosotros no prejuzgamos una edad determinada debido a la diversidad de conceptos acerca de este punto pero sí hemos iniciado nuestra investigación a partir de los 25 años, no es por creer viejas a las pacientes de esta edad en su primer parto, sino para establecer una edad medida entre nosotros, especialmente porque nuestras condiciones de clima, alimentación y costumbres son dile rentes a las de las pacientes estudiadas por los autores citados.Las historias base de este trabajo, que fueron consultadas en el Instituto de Protección Materna e Infantil —Servicio del Profesor Rodríguez Aponte corresponden a un lapso comprendido entre 1941 1952. En 17.772 partos encontramos 8.133 primíparas de las cuales 1.198 corresponden a primíparas de 25 años  en adelante (6,7%).
PENGAMANAN CITRA GRAYSCALE MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA AES 128 DENGAN KUNCI CITRA GRAYSCALE
Authors: Umam Ahmad Khoirul , Kamsyakawuni Ahmad , Riski Abduh
Published: August 2020

Cryptography is the science of maintaining or securing an information by scrambling or hiding information so that it is difficult to analyze. The algorithm used in this study is the AES 128 algorithm that has been changed using the grayscale image. The AES algorithm is a modern algorithm that replaces the DES algorithm, and is an algorithm that is chosen to secure a data / message because it is efficient and has strong security. In the process, the grayscale image key is divided into 16 blocks of pixels, pixels are operated on each block with XOR operations so that one character will be obtained for each block. From the XOR process of pixels in 16 blocks, 16 characters or 128 bits long will be obtained. The data used in this study are plain images in the form of grayscale images and keys in the form of grayscale images as well. Grayscale (plain image) images will be encrypted with an image key that is also a grayscale image. Initially, the key will be taken from a grayscale image by dividing 16 blocks to get a 128-bit long key, then generating the key with the key generator in the AES algorithm so that it will get 10 sub-keys. Then encryption is done with 10 subkeys that were obtained using the AES algorithm. The results of the encryption process will produce an encoded image or cipher image that does not contain information from the plain image. The results of this algorithm are fairly safe against attacks because they have varied and sensitive keys.

Keywords: Cryptography, AES, Rijndael Algorithm, Grayscale
PENGAMANAN IMAGE DENGAN MODIFIKASI ALGORITMA ELECTRONIC CODE BOOK (ECB)
Authors: Asti Melinda , Kamsyakawuni Ahmad , Santoso Kiswara Agung
Published: August 2020

Cryptography is knowledge of encoding data to ensure the confidentiality, security, validity and integrity of data. Cryptography is divided into two namely classical cryptography and modern cryptography. One example of modern cryptography is the Electronic Code Book (ECB). Electronic Code Book (ECB) is a modern cryptographic method used to encrypt and decrypt text, images and more. The image is formed from several pixels which consist of several bits in a pixel. Bits are divided into two namely Least Significant Bit (LSB) and Most Significant Bit (MSB).LSB is the four rightmost bits while MSB is the leftmost four bits of a pixel. The purpose of this study is to compare the level of security of Electronic Code Book (ECB) image security results with the results of securing an Electronic Code Book (ECB) modified image. The data used in this study are 8 RGB and Greyscale images also a key in the form of one ASCII character. The results obtained show that securing images with modified Electronic Code Book (ECB) is safer than securing images with Electronic Code Book (ECB) based on histogram analysis, differential analysis and correlation coefficients.

Keywords: ASCII, Electronic Code Book (ECB), Most Significant Bit (MSB)
IMPLEMENTASI ALGORITMA GREY WOLF OPTIMIZER (GWO) DI TOKO CITRA TANI JEMBER
Authors: Lestari Vidiyanti , Kamsyakawuni Ahmad , Santoso Kiswara Agung
Published: August 2020

Generally, optimization is defined as the process of determining the minimum or maximum value that depends on the function of the goal, even now there are many problems regarding optimization. One of them is the problem regarding the selection of goods to be included in a limited storage medium called Knapsack problem. Knapsack problems have different types and variations. This study will solve the problem of bounded knapsack multiple constraints by implementing the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) algorithm. The problem of bounded knapsack multiple constraints has more than one subject with the items that are inserted into the dimension storage media can be partially or completely inserted, but the number of objects is limited. The aim of this study is to determine the results of using the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) algorithm for solving the problem of multiple constraints bounded knapsack and compare the optimal solutions obtained by the simplex method using the Solver Add-In in Microsoft Excel. The data used in this study is primary data. There are two parameters to be tested, namely population parameters and maximum iteration. The test results of the two parameters show that the population parameters and maximum iterations have the same effect, where the greater the value of the population parameters and the maximum iteration, the results obtained are also getting closer to the optimal value. In addition, based on the results of the final experiment it is known that the comparison of the results of the GWO algorithm and the simplex method has a fairly small percentage deviation which indicates that the GWO algorithm produces results that are close to the optimal value.

Keywords: GWO algorithm, Knapsack, Multiple Constraints Bounded Knapsack.
APLIKASI KURVA BEZIER PADA DESAIN BOTOL MINUMAN
Authors: Triadi Muhammad Bagus Firman , Juliyanto Bagus , Ubaidillah Firdaus
Published: August 2020

The beverage bottle consists of several parts. There are mouth, neck, shoulders and body of the beverage bottle. This study aims to modeled the shape of the beverage bottles use Bezier curves with degrees less than or equal to six (n ≤ 6), for obtain a varied and symmetrical shape of the beverage bottles. This research method are divided into several stages. First, modeled the mouth of the beverage bottle. Second, modeled the neck of the beverage bottle. Third, modeled the body of the beverage bottle. Fifth, combined the parts of the beverage bottle. The results of this study was obtained a procedure for modeled varied and symmetrical beverage bottles using Bezier curves with degrees less than or equal to six (n ≤ 6). Keywords: Beverage Bottle, Bezier Curve, Computer Aided Geometric Design
VIGENERE CIPHER DENGAN MODIFIKASI PLAINTEXT
Authors: Gusti Dwi Rahmasari Kinasih , Santoso Kiswara Agung , Kamsyakawuni Ahmad
Published: August 2020

Cryptography is knowledge of encoding messages by observe to security aspects. Cryptography uses two types of keys, namely symmetric keys and asymmetric keys. Vigenere cipher is a technique to encrypt messages by symmetric key. Vigenere cipher can be combined by several patterns and ASCII code. The pattern used can vary as long as the text can be returned to original message (can be decrypted). On this paper, we will modified plaintext before encrypt using vigenere cipher. The way to modified the plaintext are flip and shift rows of bit. The effect of the algorithm changes can be seen based on the renewal value obtained. If the correlation value gets smaller, it means the algorithm is better. The results of this study is the correlation value using vigenere cipher with modified plaintext is better compared to vigenere cipher with original plaintext. Keywords: ASCII, Patterned, Bits, Vigenere Cipher
PENDETEKSIAN CITRA DAUN TANAMAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE BOX COUNTING
Authors: Juwitarty Novita Anggraini , Purnomo Kosala Dwidja , Santoso Kiswara Agung
Published: August 2020

Different types of plants make identification difficult. Therefore, we need a system that can identify the similarity of the leaves based on a reference leaf. Extraction can be done by taking one part of the plant and the most easily obtained part is the leaf part. Natural objects such as leaves have irregular shapes and are difficult to measure, but this can be overcome by using fractal dimensions. In this research, image detection of plant leaves will be carried out using the box counting method. The box counting method is a method of calculating fractal dimensions by dividing images into small boxes in various sizes. Image detection using fractal dimension values, we know which leaves the match with the reference. In this study,10 species of leave were tested, with each species 10 samples of plant leaves. Image testing of plant leaves uses a variety of r box size, namely 1/2 ,1/4 , 1/8 , 1/16 ,1/32 , 1/64 , 128which obtain an average match accuracy of 44%. Keywords: Box Counting, Fractal dimension
Plurals in Kaiowá and the case for obligatory implicatures
Authors: Guerra-Vicente Helena , Ramires Daiane
Published: August 2020

El enfoque de este artículo es la marcación nominal opcional de número en Kaiowá (Tupí-Guaraní), expresada por la afijación, en posición post-nominal, de -kuera, un elemento que, según defendemos, es un morfema que pertenece al sistema central de concordancia de número de la lengua. Con base en el examen de datos linguísticos originales, demostramos la amplia ocurrencia de ese morfema en la lengua, que no está restringido a contextos definidos, siendo también frecuente en contextos genéricos indefinidos y con nombres que denotan especie. Además, notamos en un análisis preliminar que -kuera también puede funcionar como un morfema asociativo plural. Desde una perspectiva teórica formal, nuestro objetivo es extender a los hechos de Kaiowá una propuesta que se ocupa de la lectura “más de uno” / “al menos dos”, expresada por la marcación manifiesta del marcador de plural, como derivada de una implicatura (cf. SPECTOR 2007). Dicha propuesta requiere que se tomen en cuenta las alternativas (cf. FĂLĂUŞ 2013) que se activen semánticamente, pero que no se realicen morfológicamente. Así, aunque la función singular no está disponible en la morfología de la lengua, puede activarse en la semántica como alternativa a uma construcción en la que -kuera está presente. Argumentamos, por lo tanto, que ese morfema opcional funciona en la lengua como un “activador de alternativas” y, una vez que se activa una alternativa, la implicatura escalar se vuelve obligatoria (cf. CHIERCHIA 2006). Las dos lecturas en competencia, es decir, de plural vs. singular, constituyen el conjunto de alternativas escalares que se pueden formalizar como kueraALT = {lP: *P = P.P, lP: AT(P) = P.P}
Regional collaborative forecast of primary energy consumption in China, Japan and South Korea based on multi-source data combination
Authors: Bingchun Liu , Zhang Peng , Wang Qingshan
Published: August 2020

This study aims at improving the forecast accuracy of primary energy consumptions in China, Japan and South Korea and verifying the correlation in primary energy consumptions among the neighboring countries. Considering the diversity of primary energy composition, this study selects 6 components of primary energy, including oil, coal, natural gas, nuclear energy, hydropower and renewable energy as characteristic variables. A collaborative prediction model based on SVR for primary energy consumption prediction is proposed to explore the correlation of primary energy consumption among three countries in China, Japan and South Korea. The results show that there is a strong correlation between primary energy consumption when multiple countries make collaborative prediction, among which the primary energy consumption of South Korea has the largest impact on the primary energy consumption of China and Japan. In the primary energy cooperation of China-Japan-South Korea, a primary energy cooperation system with the South Korea as the link should be established through regional coordination to alleviate the shortage of traditional fossil energy.
Islamic Education Politics Ambiguity of Policy Intepretation in Islamic Religious College: between Negotiation and Institutional Authority
Authors: Miftah Muhammad
Published: August 2020

The superior development priority of Human Resources (HR) is the answer to the twisted development of the Industrial Revolution Era 4.0 which is currently booming. Increasing the competitiveness of the Indonesian people through education is a logical and philosophical argument; which the demographic bonus that Indonesia has in 2020 more than 67% of the Indonesian population is in productive ages. Islamic Religious College is one of the locomotives that is believed to be able to deliver its demographic bonus in accordance with the Strategic Plan owned by the Indonesian. This opportunity has also been captured by the education world with the issuance of the Indonesian Qualification Framework (Kerangka Kualifikasi Nasional Indonesia, KKNI) policy and strategic policies issued by the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education (Kementerian Riset, Teknologi, dan Pendidikan Tinggi) and the Ministry of Religion (Kementerian Agama) in welcoming the rapid development. The policy product resulted by the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education and the Ministry of Religion at the upstream level has the same goal, but at the grassroots downstream level the policy implementation in each of Islamic Higher Education (Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam, PTKI) is very dynamic and sometimes also contradictory to the policies of this institution. The focus of this research is to examine the contradictory realities in implementing interrelated policies in various Islamic Religious Colleges using a qualitative approach. The findings of this research can be concluded that dynamics, contradictions in the policies implementation in various PTKIs due to social conditions, campus politics, academic culture and the authority leader who lead a university, become a trigger for multiple interpretations of a policy product.
Meningkatkan Kualitas Pelayanan Perpustakaan Terhadap Generasi Digital Native
Authors: Sulistyo Eko
Published: August 2020

Improving the Quality of Library Services for Digital Native Generations. The generation of Digital Natives, the younger generation born and living in the internet era, tends to use the internet in their daily lives. They are very master of this and of course require librarians to be able to provide access based communication technology. To improve service quality in addition to facilities and communication technology, libraries must provide collections that can be accessed through the internet, so that they can be read anytime and anywhere, including E-Book, E-Paper and E-Journal. Primarily is the collection of E-Journal.

 

Meningkatkan Kualitas Pelayanan Perpustakaan  Terhadap Generasi Digital  Native. Generasi Digital Natives, yaitu generasi muda yang lahir dan hidup pada era internet cenderung menggunakan dunia internet dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Mereka sangat menguasai akan hal ini dan tentunya menuntut pustakawan mampu menyediakan akses berbasis teknologi komunikasi tersebut. Untuk meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan selain fasiltas dan teknologi komunikasi, perpustakaan harus menyediakn koleksi yang sudah bisa diakses melalui internet, sehingga bisa dibaca kapan saja dan dimana saja, antara lain yaitu E-Book, E-Paper dan E-Journal.Utamanya adalah koleksi E-Journal.
Evaluasi Koleksi Berdasarkan pada Metode yang Berpusat pada Penggunaan (Use-Centered Method) Studi kasus pada Perpustakaan Universitas Muhammadiyah Tasikmalaya Provinsi Jawa Barat
Authors: Winoto Yunus , Nurmalia Rahmi , Yanto Andri
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan evaluasi koleksi. Jenis evaluasi yang digunakan yaitu metode yang berpusat pada penggunaan (use-centered method) yang meliputi evaluasi koleksi sirkulasi, evaluasi berdasarkan pendapat pengguna serta evauasi berdasarkan pengunaan koleksi di ruang baca perpustakaan. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di perpustakaan Universitas Muhammadiyah Tasikmalaya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa dari hasil evaluasi kajian sirkulasi diketahui  bahwa peminjaman koleksi lebih banyak didominasi oleh koleksi yang bersubjek kesehatan. Hal ini terlihat dari data statistik mengenai 10 judul terpopuler yang sering dipinjam hampir sebagian merupakan koleksi dengan subjek kesehatan yakni koleksi bidang kebidanan dan keperawatan; Untuk evaluasi berdasarkan pendapat pengguna  mengenai koleksi yang terdapat di UPT Perpustakaan Universitas Muhammadiyah Tasikmalaya menunjukkan bahwa dilihat dari aspek kelengkapan, keragaman dan relevansi koleksi dapat dikatakan sudah cukup lengkap. Namun untuk aspek kemutakhiran dan komposisi koleksi perlu lebih diperhatikan lagi. Sedangkan dari hasil evaluasi yang didasarkan pada penggunaan koleksi di ruang baca  oleh pemustaka terungkap bahwa pengguna perpustakaan lebih cenderung menggunakan subjek bidang ilmu terapan yakni bidang kesehatan.
Analisis Problematika Perpustakaan Perguruan Tinggi Islam Di Indonesia Menghadapi Era 4.0
Authors: Rodin Rhoni
Published: August 2020

Era 4.0 merupakan era revolusi industri teknologi yang secara fundamental akan mengubah paradigma berpikir dan cara kerja. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis apa saja problematika yang dihadapi perpustakaan perguruan tinggi Islam dalam menyongsong era 4.0. Jenis penelitian ini adalah studi literatur. Studi literatur bisa didapat dari berbagai sumber, jurnal, buku, dokumentasi, internet dan pustaka. sedangkan analisis data dengan metode analisis deskriptif. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa ada beberapa problematika yang dihadapi perpustakaan perguruan tinggi Islam di Indonesia yaitu bahwa perpustakaan perguruan tinggi Islam tidak hanya mengedepankan peran tradisional dengan menyediakan sarana fisik semata, tetapi lebih dari sekedar itu pihak perpustakaan harus juga memahami value perpustakaannya, berkaitan dengan value ini tentunya merupakan suatu hal yang belum diimplementasikan di perpustakaan perguruan tinggi Islam di Indonesia, hal ini diindikasikan dengan masih banyaknya perpustakaan yang mengedepankan pengembangan sarana fisik semata, akan tetapi valuenya masih dikesampingkan. Perpustakaan perguruan tinggi Islam di Indonesia selain menghadapi perkembangan teknologi yang amat pesat, juga perlu siap menghadapi perubahan dalam perilaku pengguna yang ikut berubah sesuai perkembangan zaman. Problematika lainnya adalah aspek dari misi perguruan tinggi, yaitu mengembangkan dan memajukan penelitian. Gerakan open access juga merupakan salah satu tantangan yang harus segera dijawab oleh pihak perpustakaan perguruan tinggi Islam. Kemudian tantangan untuk mengakomodasi perubahan pesat dalam pengajaran yang juga amat dipengaruhi oleh perkembangan penggunaan teknologi informasi seperti sekarang ini.  
Strategi Perpustakaan UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta Menghadapi Kebijakan Pemangkasan Anggaran
Authors: Hadna Ida Nor'aini
Published: August 2020

Pada bulan Agustus 2016 pemerintah melakukan kebijakan pemangkasan anggaran guna menanggulangi kondisi perekonomian di Indonesia. Kebijakan tersebut tentu saja harus diikuti oleh semua instansi pemerintah, termasuk Perpustakaan UIN Sunan Kalijaga. Perencanaan program kegiatan yang telah diajukan sebelumnya, otomatis harus direvisi guna menyesuaikan keadaan anggaran yang ada. Dari 16 program kegiatan yang telah dianggarkan, hanya 4 program kegiatan yang dapat  dilaksanakan.

Sebagai  lembaga penyedia informasi ilmiah yang mendukung program Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi, maka perpustakaan walau berada dalam keterbatasan anggaran, perlu tetap mengembangkan  diri  agar dapat meningkatkan layanannya kepada pemustaka.  Kebijakan pemangkasan anggaran tersebut telah memicu kreativitas SDM untuk tetap dapat menjalankan dan mengembangkan instansinya dengan anggaran yang minimalis atau bahkan dengan anggaran nol rupiah ( Rp 0,00). Perpustakaan UIN Sunan Kalijaga melakukan strategi dengan inovasi kegiatan yang tanpa menggunakan anggaran dari pemerintah. Oleh karena itu, kegiatan ini disebut ‘kegiatan nol rupiah.
COVID-19 У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ВИЧ-ИНФЕКЦИЕЙ (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ).
Authors: Долгова Нина , Рындич Антонина , Твердохлебова Татьяна , Суладзе Александр
Published: August 2020

Резюме:

Цель работы: изучение особенностей клинического течения новой коронавирусной инфекции у людей живущих с ВИЧ и некоторые аспекты их лечения.

Представлен анализ научных публикаций по вопросу клинико-эпидемиологических аспектов COVID-19 у больных ВИЧ-инфекцией. На основе имеющихся литературных данных проведена оценка наличия ВИЧ-инфекции, как предиктора тяжелого течения и высокого процента летальности от COVID-19. Людям с ВИЧ показано следовать стандартным мерам профилактики новой коронавирусной инфекции.
The Aesthetics of Linked-Verse Poetry in Yasunari Kawabata’s 'The Lake'
Authors: Trowell Haydn
Published: August 2020

The distinctive narrative style exhibited in Japanese author Yasunari
Kawabata’s literary works has frequently been associated with the
traditional Japanese art of linked-verse poetry (renga). However, the precise
compositional nature of these similarities has yet to be thoroughly explored.
In this article, I examine two fundamental principles of linked-verse poetry,
‘linking’ (tsukeai) and ‘flow’ (yukiyō), and use these as analytical tools to
explore the thematic and narrative structure for which Kawabata’s literary
technique is renowned. Considering the first chapter of his 1954 novel The
Lake (Mizuumi) as a case study, I identify notable correspondences between
linked verse and Kawabata’s prose writing in the form of a qualitative mode
of progression characterised by a rich use of sensory and emotive association,
and a wave-like sense of rhythm between moments of heightened and
reduced expressive and affective intensity. This article uses detailed textual
analysis to demonstrate a structural basis for comparing Kawabata’s prose
with linked verse, which in turn implies that Kawabata’s narrative style is
shaped by conscious aesthetic decisions to draw on linked-verse principles.
The Past is With Us and Yet to Come: A Hauntological Analysis of Tsutomu Mizushima’s Anime Series, 'Another'
Authors: Beattie Luke
Published: August 2020

Japanese director Tsutomu Mizushima’s 2012 animated television series,
Another, presents a narrative whereby one social group’s refusal to accept
an unexpected death triggers an intergenerational curse. This paper takes
a close reading of Mizushima’s anime, showing how its narrative contends
that the present—and by default the future—is not self-sufficient but instead
relies upon understandings of the past. The analysis uses the lens of Jacques
Derrida’s theory of hauntology, which opens up a space for discursive
accounts of the presence of the past in the present and its influence on the
future, and therefore serves as a powerful tool for interrogating questions of
war memory. I demonstrate that Another exemplifies the use of anime as a
critical medium, showing how it uses allegory to explore the motivations and
consequences of Japan’s lack of a dominant historical narrative about the war
and the resulting intergenerational effects of this historical consciousness
problem. As Japan continues to debate remilitarisation and the fate of Article
9 in its constitution, it seems particularly apt to revisit Mizushima’s Another,
which illustrates the dangers of ignoring the spectre of history.
Introduction
Authors: Brown Alexander
Published: August 2020

This essay introduces and contextualises the content of New Voices in Japanese Studies, Volume 12 from the perspective of the Guest Editor.
A Probabilistic View of EOR Lab Experiments: An Example of Low Salinity Flooding
Authors: Zechner Markus , Li Lewis , Kovscek Anthony R.
Published: August 2020

During implementation of an EOR technique, such as low salinity watearflooding, the first step generally consists of a coreflood to obtain an initial estimate of possible production and recovery rates. Most of the parameters believed to be relevant for recovery cannot be directly observed or measured. Instead, the physical response measured in the lab is used to infer these parameters. Mechanistic reservoir simulations provide the interconnection between the measured physical response and parameters thereby enabling us to estimate the parameter values. Due to the nonlinear nature of a displacement, multiple parameters may describe a given measurement. This inversion problem is generally addressed using manual or semi-automated history matching that can be difficult and time-consuming to employ, especially when chemical processes are involved because a significant number of additional parameters are added. This conventional approach is deterministic.

This paper presents an alternative stochastic formulation of the inversion problem for low-salinity waterflood based on Bayesian statistics. Instead of directly constructing a core model that matches the observed measurements, apriori information regarding the parameters obtained from expert opinion is used to construct a set of prior core models. By forward simulating these prior models, we obtain a set of predictions (or expectations) for given parameter values. While none of these prior predictions may match exactly our observed measurement, we use the predictions to infer a statistical relationship between the parameter and the measurements. Such relationships allow us to compute the conditional probability of a parameter given our observed measurement. One of the challenges associated with statistical modeling of time series measurements is the large dimensionality. We used Functional Data Analysis and Mixed Principal Component Analysis to reduce the dimensionality of the measurements. Kernel Density Estimation is then used to estimate a posterior distribution for each of the uncertain system parameters. The proposed workflow is applicable to any physical process where parameters of interest cannot be directly observed. To demonstrate the ability of the proposed workflow, a low salinity core flood is used as an example of an EOR process. The results show that the method is indeed able to reduce the uncertainty in parameter values when compared to the prior probability distribution.
Lab Investigation of EOR Potential for a Stack Pilot
Authors: Jiang Haifeng , Antle Ryan , Gao Panqing , Murrell Glen
Published: August 2020

Laboratory studies of unconventional reservoirs are faced with considerably more challenges than those of conventional reservoirs. The assessment of Enhanced Oil Recovery potential in unconventional reservoirs (UCR EOR) in particular needs to address the characterization of static and dynamic properties given the tightness of the rocks, available sample size and simulation of EOR under elevated pressure and temperature conditions. This paper summarizes a laboratory study designed and performed for a potential EOR pilot utilizing cyclic gas injection (Huff-n-Puff) in the Sooner Trend Anadarko Canadian Kingfisher (STACK) shale play in Oklahoma. The lab study focuses on characterizing the rock-fluid interactions as well as upscaling key parameters for the field-scale modeling and simulation.

A systematic approach was followed in the design of a laboratory program specific to the characteristics of rock/fluid interaction and the proposed injection scheme of a cyclic gas injection pilot. Digital Core Analysis (DCA) incorporating micro CT, SEM and FIB-SEM analyses were performed in order to determine basic petrophysical properties at micro scale, with capillary pressure and relative permeability curves simulated digitally. Porosity and relative permeability end points were also measured on preserved STACK core plugs. Minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) measurements of field separator gas and STACK crude oil was performed with a rising bubble apparatus (RBA). Finally, a huff-n-puff experiment was designed and performed within a custom pressure cell to study the recovery efficiency at the existing core sample scale.

Digital Core Analysis (DCA) has been shown to reliably produce petrophysical properties for tight STACK cores. Laboratory miscibility pressure measurements were conducted at reservoir conditions (4,500 psi and 183 °F) using field crude samples and the associated gas composition. Seven injection/production cycles were applied to a re-saturated standard core plug with oil production observed and measured in the effluent. Cyclic injection continued until no further oil could be visually observed in the effluent. A customized 2-stage drawdown was incorporated to provide input for the recovery process. The total recovery after seven cycles reached 82 %OOIP.

This work provides the first rock and fluid analysis integrating digital and traditional approaches for assessment of EOR potential in unconventional reservoirs such as those found in the STACK. This systematic approach presents properly designed and executed laboratory experiments without leaving out key formation and fluid variables. This workflow can be applied in similar UCR EOR studies to lay a solid foundation for appraising UCR EOR potential and providing reliable inputs for upscaling to the field level studies.
Alkali-Surfactant-Polymer ASP Flooding Field Test Using Horizontal Wells: Design, Implementation and Evaluation
Authors: Guo Hu , Jiang Guipu , Zhang Jin , Hou Jirui , Song Kaoping , Song Qingjia
Published: August 2020

An Alkali-surfactant-polymer (ASP) field test using 2 horizontal injectors and 3 horizontal producers (HASP) was conducted to check the combination of horizontal wells and ASP flooding technology as well as recovering remaining oil in higher position due to gravity effect. Designed chemical slug is 0.675PV with four slugs (0.0375PV pre-slug high concentration polymer+ 0.30 main ASP slug+0.15PV vice ASP slug+0.20PV post polymer slug). This four-slug design was very common in many previous field tests, although this practice remained to be optimized. ASP slug viscosity was designed 40 cP at injectors wellhead and ultra-low interfacial tension (IFT) between ASP and Daqing oil was basic requirement. Actual viscosity of chemical slugs was well implemented, while the chemical slug size was increased. Reference water flooding started in January 2008 until May 2009 when pre-slug started. ASP slug started in January 2010, and finished in April 2012. Post polymer slug started in April 2013 after vice ASP slug. As of December 2015, 0.919 PV chemical slug with dosage 1890.23 mg/LPV and 0.323 PV post water flooding have been injected. Incremental oil recovery factor (IORF) is 29.66% original oil in place (OOIP) and IORF in main ASP injection stage is 17.46%. Vice ASP and post polymer slug contributed an IORF of 4.63% and 3.64% OOIP respectively. HASP IORF was 10% larger than the other vertical well ASP (VASP) with an IORF of 20% OOIP. Water cut decrease was 3.7% higher than VASP. Injection index and fluid production index were higher than VASP. Chemicals breakthrough was later than VASP. Horizontal well pattern was predicted better than combination of vertical and horizontal wells. However, up to present, whether HASP has been widely used in Daqing remains unknown. This test indicated that horizontal wells can be used to recovery gravity caused bypassed remaining oil in the upper layers even separate layer injection is adopted. Gravity effect should be given more attention for thick layers or multiple layers. Incremental oil recovery in HASP can be as high as 30% OOIP under Daqing reservoir condition.
Development of Swelling-Rate Controllable Particle Gels to Control the Conformance of CO2 Flooding
Authors: Bai Baojun , Sun Xindi
Published: August 2020

This paper summarizes the work conducted for the project "Development of Swelling-Rate-Controllable Particle Gels to Enhance CO2 Flooding Sweep Efficiency and Storage Efficiency", a three-year project funded by the US Department of Energy. The overall objective of this project is to develop a novel particle- based gel technology that can be used to enhance CO2 sweep efficiency and thus improve CO2 storage in mature oilfields. In this paper, we first provide our classification of conformance problems in CO2 flooding fields, and addresses the importance of developing novel particle gels to efficiently control CO2 flooding conformance in oilfields. Then, we highlighted our research results about the three types of novel preformed particle gels (PPGs) that we successfully developed, including AMPS-based PPGs, CO2 responsive PPGs (CR-PPG) and CO2 resistance PPGs (CRG). The developed particles is size controlled from nanometer to millimeters, and the swelling time can be controlled from a few hours to three months, depending on the type of conformance problems to be solved. The millimeter-sized PPGs (10 um to a few millimeters) are obtained through bulk gel synthetization, cutting and drying, mechanically crushing and screening process, and they are mainly used to solve the conduits, fractures, or fracture-like channels problems. The nano- and micro-sized polymer particles are synthesized through either emulsion polymerization or dispersion polymerization process under scCO2, and they are mainly designed to solve the matrix problem for far-wellbore conformance control. Overall, the project has provided a series of reliable and cost-effective swelling-rate-controllable particle gel products that can be used to solve the different reservoir conformance problems for CO2 flooding, which will not only aid in improving oil recovery for CO2 flooding projects but can also help to improve CO2 storage efficiency for CO2 storage projects.
Enhanced Oil Recovery for Liquid-Rich Unconventional Shale Reservoirs Using Low-Salinity Surfactant and Wettability Altering Dilute Surfactants
Authors: Uzun Ozan , Torcuk Mehmet Ali , Kazemi Hossein
Published: August 2020

Classical waterflooding methods which rely on water displacing oil are not plausible in unconventional shale reservoirs because of the low permeability of such reservoirs because the pressure gradients required to push the water through the reservoir matrix rock is impractical. However, when the shale reservoir is stimulated via multistage hydraulic fracturing a large number of microfractures form which provides a preferred pathway when subsequently water is injected into the reservoir. If this water has low salinity compared to the salinity of the resident brine in the matrix pores, an osmotic pressure gradient establishes between microfractures and the matrix pores that would cause water to enter the matrix pores and pushing oil out. In oil-wet shale reservoirs, this osmotic pressure allows brine imbibition into the matrix that promotes counter-current flow of oil into the fractures. In our research, this phenomenon was studied via carefully designed osmotic imbibition experiments that used low- salinity brines. Furthermore, adding a simple surfactant, or a wettability altering chemical, not only could enhance imbibition of water into the matrix, it can also create a low-IFT environment that would break the oil droplets into smaller ones to facilitate oil movement out of the micro and macro fractures to enhance oil recovery from the matrix. To scale laboratory results and observations to the field conditions, a multi-component mass transport model that includes advective and diffusive transport of water molecules was developed and used to match experimental results. We will present the core imbibition and numerical modeling results that indicate that low salinity brine plus a dilute surfactant enhances oil production.

This paper pertains to a research effort conducted to assess the potential of a new EOR method, which involves the use of a mixture of low-salinity brine and low-concentrations of a surfactant or wettability altering chemical. In what follows, we will present the core flooding and numerical modeling results pertaining to the research objective. The results are intended to be used as the basis for designing economic EOR field applications in unconventional shale reservoirs.
Evaluation of Seawater Based Surfactant Polymer Formulation in a Single Well Test Offshore
Authors: Harris Robert R. , Paramanathan Subashini , Dickson Sara-Jane , Bouwmeester Ron C. , Southwick Jeffrey G. , Keijzer Efraim , van Rijn Carl H. , Batenburg Diederik W.
Published: August 2020

The effectiveness of a low complexity chemical flooding formulation that was developed for application in offshore environments was evaluated in a single well test offshore South China Sea. The SP formulation uses seawater with no additional water treatment beyond that which is normally performed for water flooding (filtration, de-oxygenation, etc.). The ability to use a formulation based on only seawater avoids water treatment and reduces complexity for commercial implementation.

The Single Well Test was conducted in an existing producer with its wellhead on an existing production platform offshore. The injection facilities were placed on work barge that also had accommodation to house the people that executed the injection test. The facilities on the barge consisted of seawater lift and filtering equipment, surfactant and polymer mixing capability, and high-pressure pumps to deliver the mixed fluids through a flexible high-pressure hose to the platform. A laboratory to support the QA/QC of the injected fluids was also installed on the barge. Standard Single Well Chemical Tracer test procedures were applied to determine the remaining oil saturation after waterflood and after injection of the SP formulation.

The Single Well Test was completed in accordance with the objective without any recordable HSSE cases ahead of schedule. The composition of the injected SP formulation was well within the specifications resulting in good injectivity of the formulation. The single well tracer tests conducted after the SP and polymer injection indicate that the residual oil saturation was reduced to values between 7-9% (Sorc).

The main contributions described in the paper are:

demonstration that a seawater-based SP formulation can be effectively mixed and injected from a barge offshore. the interpretation of the single well tracer tests conducted after the SP and polymer injection indicate that the residual oil saturation was reduced to values similar to those observed in core floods with the SP formulation in the laboratory.
Simulation of Advanced Waterflooding in Carbonates Using a Surface Complexation-Based Multiphase Transport Model
Authors: Abu-Al-Saud Moataz , Al-Saleh Salah , Ayirala Subhash , Yousef Ali
Published: August 2020

Understanding the injection water chemistry effect, in terms of both salinity and ionic composition, is becoming crucial to increase oil recovery from waterflooding in carbonate reservoirs. Various studies have shown that that surface charge alteration is the main mechanism behind favorable wettability changes toward water-wet conditions observed during the injection of controlled ionic composition water in carbonates. Therefore, the synergistic coupling between multiphase transport and electrokinetics of brine/calcite and brine/crude oil interfaces becomes important to optimize injection water compositions for enhanced oil recovery in carbonates.

In this investigation, the electrokinetic interactions of brine and crude oil in carbonates are accounted for and coupled with the multiphase Darcy flow model. The electrokinetic interactions are parametrized by the zeta-potential values of brine/calcite and crude-oil/brine interfaces, which are determined using a Surface Complexation Model (SCM). The SCM zeta-potential parameters are computed based on the local concentration of aqueous ions that follow the transport equation. The relative permeability and capillary pressure curves are altered based on zeta potential shifts, which resembles the wettability alteration process. The SCM zeta potentials are compared with the experimental zeta-potential measurements, while the multiphase transport model coupled with geochemistry is validated through a comparative coreflood experimental data reported in the literature.

The SCM results governed by specified surface geochemical reactions agreed well with zeta-potential measurements obtained at both calcite/brine and crude-oil/brine interfaces. The coupled geochemical SCM with multiphase transport model accurately matched both recovery and pressure drop data from forced imbibition tests reported by Yousef et al. (2011) in both secondary and tertiary modes. The generated relative permeability curves followed Craig's rules in shifting the wettability from oil-wet toward water-wet conditions for advanced waterflooding processes in carbonates. These results confirm the robustness of proposed model based on validated SCM electrokinetic interactions. The development of such a coupled geochemistry based multiphase transport model is an important step to simulate advanced waterflooding processes in carbonates at reservoir scale by taking into account of more representative physicochemical effects.

The novelty of this work is that it validates the SCM results with experimental zeta-potential data for different injection water compositions. Also, the applicability of coupled SCM with a multiphase transport model is successfully demonstrated by history matching the experimental coreflood data. The developed model and new findings shed some light on the importance of lower salinity and controlled ionic composition during fluid flow and oil recovery in complex carbonate formations.
CO2 Foam Pilot in a West Texas Field: Design, Operation and Results
Authors: Mirzaei Mohammad , Kumar Deepanshu , Turner Dwight , Shock Austin , Andel Derek , Hampton David , Knight Troy E. , Katiyar Amit , Patil Pramod D. , Rozowski Peter , Nguyen Quoc P.
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we describe the design, implementation and results of a CO2 foam pilot in a mature CO2 flood in West Texas. The objective of the pilot was to demonstrate improved conformance/sweep efficiency of the CO2 foam over CO2 WAG injection. Laboratory experiments to guide design of the flood and the monitoring program to understand and model flood performance are described. Monitoring included rate and pressure tracking, injection profiles and inter-well tracer programs before and during the foam flood. While changes in injection rate and injection profile confirmed the formation of strong foam near the wellbore and redistribution of fluids in the injectors, oil response was weak, with significant oil gain observed in one of the four patterns. The gas production rate also changed very slightly from the baseline conditions. The comprehensive monitoring program in this pilot provides new insights into effectiveness of CO2 foam in actual field applications. The results from this pilot may help to better screen and design future foam injection pilots.