bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differential effects of larval and adult nutrition on female survival, fecundity, and size of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti
Authors: Yan Jiayue , Kibech Roumaissa , Stone Chris M.
Published: December 2020

Background: The yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, is the principal vector of medically-important infectious viruses that cause severe illness such as dengue fever, yellow fever and Zika. The transmission potential of mosquitoes for these arboviruses is largely shaped by their life history traits, such as size, survival and fecundity. These life history traits, to some degree, depend on environmental conditions, such as larval and adult nutrition (e.g., nectar availability). Both these types of nutrition are known to affect the energetic reserves and life history traits of adults, but whether and how nutrition obtained during larval and adult stages have an interactive influence on mosquito life history traits remains largely unknown. Results: Here, we experimentally manipulated both larval and adult diets to create four nutritional levels, that is, a high amount of larval food plus poor (weak concentration of sucrose) adult food: HL+PA, high larval plus good (normal sucrose concentration) adult food: HL+GA, low larval plus poor adult food: LL+PA and low larval plus good adult food: LL+GA. We then compared the size, survival and fecundity of female mosquitoes reared from these nutritional regimes. We found that larval and adult nutrition affected size and survival, respectively, without interactions, while both larval and adult nutrition synergistically influenced fecundity. There was a positive relationship between size and fecundity. In addition, this positive relationship was not affected by nutrition. Conclusions: These findings highlight how larval and adult nutrition differentially influence female mosquito life history traits, suggesting that studies evaluating nutritional effects on vectorial capacity traits should account for environmental variation across life stages.
Prevalence and associated factors for Alcohol Use Disorder among tuberculosis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis study.
Authors: Necho Mogesie , Tsehay Mekonnen , Seid Muhammed , Zenebe Yosef , Belete Asmare , Gelaye Habitam , Muche Amare
Published: December 2020

Background: Alcohol use disorders (AUD) in tuberculosis patients are complicated with poor compliance to anti-tuberculosis treatment and poor tuberculosis treatment outcomes. However, aggregate data concerning this problem is not available. Therefore, this review aimed to fill the above gap by generating an average prevalence of AUD in tuberculosis patients.Method: Our electronic search for original articles was conducted in the databases of Scopus, PubMed, and EMBASE, African Index Medicus, and psych-info. Besides, the reference list of selected articles was looked at manually to have further eligible articles for the prevalence and associated factors of AUD in tuberculosis patients. The random-effects model was employed during the analysis. MS-Excel was used to extract data and stata-11 to determine the average prevalence of AUD among tuberculosis patients. A sub-group analysis and sensitivity analysis were also run. A visual inspection of the funnel plots and an Eggers publication bias plot test were checked for the presence of publication bias.Result: A search of the electronic and manual system resulted in 1970 articles. After removing duplicates and unoriginal articles, only 28 articles that studied 30854 tuberculosis patients met the inclusion criteria. The average estimated prevalence of AUD in tuberculosis patients was 30% (95% CI: 24.00, 35.00). This was with a slight heterogeneity (I2 = 57%, p-value < 0.001). The prevalence of AUD in tuberculosis patients was higher in Asia and Europe; 37% than the prevalence in the US and Africa; 24%. Besides, the average prevalence of AUD was 39%, 30%, 30%, and 20% in studies with case-control, cohort, cross-sectional and experimental in design respectively. Also, the prevalence of AUD was higher in studies with the assessment tool not reported (36%) than studies assessed with AUDIT. AUD was also relatively higher in studies with a mean age of ≥ 40 years (42%) than studies with a mean age < 40 years (24%) and mean age not reported (27%). Based on a qualitative review; the male gender, older age, being single, unemployment, low level of education and income from socio-demographic variables, retreatment and treatment failure patients, stigma, and medication non-adherence from clinical variables were among the associated factors for AUD. Conclusion: This review obtained a high average prevalence of AUD in tuberculosis patients and this varies across continents, design of studies, mean age of the participants, and assessment tool used. This implied the need for early screening and management of AUD in tuberculosis patients.
The Proportion of Blue Light from Light-emitting Diodes Alters Microgreen Phytochemical Profiles in a Species-specific Manner
Authors: Ying Qinglu , Jones-Baumgardt Chase , Zheng Youbin , Bozzo Gale
Published: December 2020

Microgreens are specialty vegetables that contain human health-promoting phytochemicals. Typically, microgreens are cultivated in controlled environments under red and blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs). However, the impact of varying the proportions of these light qualities on the composition of diverse phytochemicals in indoor-grown microgreens is unclear. To address this problem, the levels of chlorophylls, carotenoids, ascorbates, phenolics, anthocyanins, and nitrate were examined in arugula (Eruca sativa L.), ‘Red Russian’ kale [Brassica napus L. subsp. napus var. pabularia (DC.) Alef.], ‘Mizuna’ mustard (Brassica juncea L.), and red cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata f. rubra) microgreens following cultivation under LEDs supplying varying proportions of blue light (5% to 30%) and red light (70% to 95%). Varying the proportion of blue light did not affect the extractable levels of total chlorophyll, total carotenoids, or nitrate in all four microgreen species. Generally, the levels of reduced and total ascorbate were greatest in arugula, kale, and mustard microgreens at 20% blue light, and a minor decrease was apparent at 30% blue light. These metabolite profiles were not impacted by the blue light percentage in red cabbage. Kale and mustard accumulated more total phenolics at 30% blue light than all other blue light regimens; however, this phytochemical attribute was unaffected in arugula and red cabbage. The total anthocyanin concentration increased proportionally with the percentage of supplied blue light up to 30% in all microgreens, with the exception of mustard. Our research showed that 20% blue light supplied from LED arrays is ideal for achieving optimal levels of both reduced and total ascorbate in all microgreens except red cabbage, and that 30% blue light promotes the greatest accumulation of total anthocyanin in indoor-grown Brassicaceae microgreens, with the exception of mustard.
Swine influenza: Newer data on diagnosis, interpretation of the results, and control
Authors: PEJSAK ZYGMUNT , TARASIUK KAZIMIERZ
Published: December 2020

Influenza viruses are among the major causes of acute respiratory disease outbreaks in pigs. In most cases, infections are subclinical. Until 2009, three subtypes of IAV-S circulated in the pig population in Europe, with some geographical restrictions regarding their prevalence: avian-like (av) H1N1, reassortant (r) H3N2, and human (hu) H1N2. Viruses of the H1N1av lineage appeared to be responsible for the majority of swine infections in Europe. In 2009, a fourth subtype entered the pig population: the human pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza A virus (H1N1pdm). Due to the expression of receptors with α-2-6 or α-2-3-linked terminal sialic acids in the porcine upper respiratory tract, swine appear to be susceptible to influenza A viruses of both avian and human origin. A clinical diagnosis of swine influenza is not easy, since there are no observable pathognomonic clinical signs, and the disease must be distinguished from a variety of other respiratory conditions in pigs. A final diagnosis can be made by the following methods: detection of viral proteins or nucleic acid, isolation of virus, or demonstration of virus-specific antibodies. IAV-S is most likely to be found in nasal and pharyngeal secretions during the fever period of illness. Serological tests are used to demonstrate the presence of influenza-specific antibodies. Serology is the most useful technique to determine the immune status of the herd, to assess the levels of maternally derived antibodies in young piglets and their profile, as well as post-vaccination antibody titers, and to perform pre-movement testing of pigs. The interpretation of serological data is often complex and may be further confounded by concurrent circulation of different virus subtypes and gene lineages. In control of IAV-S, vaccination appears to be the primary tool for preventing influenza. The efficacy of vaccination may be various and is correlated with homology between vaccine and field IAV-S strains. There is no treatment available for IAV-S. The administration of aspirin via the water system or of paracetamol in feed may play a role as a support therapy. To avoid subsequent bacterial infections, treatment with an antibiotic is essential.
CYBERBULLYING: INTIMIDAÇÃO SISTEMÁTICA, CONSTRANGIMENTO VIRTUAL E CONSEQUÊNCIAS JURÍDICAS
Authors: Fornasier Mateus De Oliveira , Spinato Tiago Protti , Ribeiro Fernanda Lencina
Published: December 2020

Este artigo tem o escopo de compreender a relevância jurídica da discussão sobre o cyberbullying. Sua hipótese é de que as atuais formas relações sociais digitais acarretam a possibilidade de abuso, de forma similar ao que ocorre presencialmente — porém, de modo potencializado pela complexidade, pelo alcance e pela velocidade que as redes sociais oferecem. Como resultados, tem-se que as relações nas redes sociais replicam práticas abusivas que ocorrem também fisicamente, causando danos morais e existenciais. Frente a isso é necessário que existam análises e práticas cuidadosas desse tipo de prática, em um esforço conjunto entre Estado, escolas, famílias e administradores de redes sociais, para que possam ser coibidas. Metodologia: método de procedimento hipotético-dedutivo, com abordagem qualitativa e técnica de pesquisa bibliográfico-documental.
APLICABILIDADE APGAR FAMILIAR: SÉRIE DE CASOS
Authors: Rosário Letícia Aires do , Boaventura Talisson , Lechmann Emylie , Freitas Aline Isabelle , Gonçalves Milene , Silva Junior Manoelito Ferreira
Published: December 2020

Introdução: Nesse aspecto, os serviços de saúde devem ser cada vez mais capazes de atender as necessidades de saúde, e incluir a família e a articulação nos relacionamentos interpessoais no ambiente familiar pode ser fundamental no entendimento do processo saúde-doença. Objetivo: Relatar a experiência da aplicação do APGAR familiar em diferentes indivíduos com finalidade de demonstrar as principais variáveis individualmente, levantar os diagnósticos de enfermagem e planejar intervenções integral e individual. Método: O estudo qualitativo, descritivo, através do relato de série de casos, foi realizado com uso do APGAR familiar, constitui um desses instrumentos, por meio do resultado obtido identifica e classifica a funcionalidade familiar. Relato de Experiência: Foi utilizado o questionário do instrumento APGAR em seis indivíduos distintos, individualmente, por meio de entrevista ao paciente pré-selecionado, agrupar os dados e analisá-los, entrevistados com seus principais obstáculos identificados, a fim de promover assistência à saúde com segurança e qualidade. Desse total de indivíduos, obtivemos resultados de idade média de 63,8. Desses 66,6% são do sexo feminino, 33,3% são do sexo masculino, 50% apresentaram como resultado, família com moderada disfunção, 33,3% família com disfunção acentuada e 16,6% apresentou sugestivo família altamente funcional. Por fim, os participantes apresentavam média de 3,8, de problemas relacionados a saúde, sendo exemplos desses: diabetes, hipertensão, tabagismo, uso de álcool entre outros. Conclusão: A obtenção de dados por meio do instrumento APGAR familiar tornou-se possível identificar alguns aspectos sobre cada indivíduo entrevistado, e de como ele se insere no contexto familiar, e qual seu grau de satisfação em alguns quesitos. Sendo possível identificar a importância do convívio social e de como se desenvolve as relações interpessoais.
Оценка амплитуды внешнего периодического воздействия при помощи малой спайковой нейронной сети в радиофизическом эксперименте
Authors: Пономаренко В.И. , Кульминский Д.Д. , Андреев А.В. , Прохоров М.Д.
Published: December 2020

A method is proposed that allows to estimate the amplitude of external periodic forcing using a small spiking neural network consisting of oscillators with neuron-like dynamics. The method is based on the dependence of the number of spikes generated by the network on the amplitude of external forcing. The method efficiency is shown in a radio engineering experiment using the example of a network consisting of FitzHugh–Nagumo generators.
Осаждение фторполимерных покрытий на вращающиеся цилиндрические поверхности методом химического осаждения из газовой фазы, активированной горячей нитью
Authors: Сафонов А.И. , Старинский С.В. , Суляева В.С.
Published: December 2020

The Hot Wire Chemical Vapor Deposition method has been adapted to deposit fluoropolymer coatings onto rotating cylindrical surfaces with a small radius (less than 20 mm). The effect of the surface rotation frequency on the structure of a thin fluoropolymer coating deposited on it has been investigated. A significant change in the morphology of the formed fluoropolymer coating was found depending on the rotational frequency of the cylindrical surface. One more parameter has been established that makes it possible to change the structure of the formed fluoropolymer coating during the deposition process.
Subjective Well-Being of Chinese Sina Weibo Users in Residential Lockdown During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Machine Learning Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Wang Yilin , Wu Peijing , Liu Xiaoqian , Li Sijia , Zhu Tingshao , Zhao Nan
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

During the COVID-19 pandemic, residential lockdowns were implemented in numerous cities in China to contain the rapid spread of the disease. Although these stringent regulations effectively slowed the spread of COVID-19, they may have posed challenges to the well-being of residents.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to explore the effects of residential lockdown on the subjective well-being (SWB) of individuals in China during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS

The sample consisted of 1790 Sina Weibo users who were residents of cities that imposed residential lockdowns, of which 1310 users (73.18%) were female, and 3580 users who were residents of cities that were not locked down (gender-matched with the 1790 lockdown residents). In both the lockdown and nonlockdown groups, we calculated SWB indicators during the 2 weeks before and after the enforcement date of the residential lockdown using individuals’ original posts on Sina Weibo. SWB was calculated via online ecological recognition, which is based on established machine learning predictive models.

RESULTS

The interactions of time (before the residential lockdown or after the residential lockdown) × area (lockdown or nonlockdown) in the integral analysis (N=5370) showed that after the residential lockdown, compared with the nonlockdown group, the lockdown group scored lower in some negative SWB indicators, including somatization (F1,5368=13.593, P<.001) and paranoid ideation (F1,5368=14.333, P<.001). The interactions of time (before the residential lockdown or after the residential lockdown) × area (developed or underdeveloped) in the comparison of residential lockdown areas with different levels of economic development (N=1790) indicated that the SWB of residents in underdeveloped areas showed no significant change after the residential lockdown (P>.05), while that of residents in developed areas changed.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings increase our understanding of the psychological impact and cost of residential lockdown during an epidemic. The more negative changes in the SWB of residents in developed areas imply a greater need for psychological intervention under residential lockdown in such areas.
A Meaningful Interface for Integrating Patient-reported Outcomes in Electronic Health Records: A Proof of Concept Study (Preprint)
Authors: Wang Panzhang , Zhou Liang , Yan Tao , Jiang Peng
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are getting more attention to be integrated in electronic health records (EHR). Application programming interfaces (APIs) are widely used for integration between PRO collection module and EHR system. However, API-based interface has some barriers hindering widespread adoption.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to describe the architecture of a novel interface to facilitate PRO collection and integration.

METHODS

We used JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) to describe a PRO measurement (PROM). With the specification of JSON, we developed an algorithm to put PRO data collected on patient’s mobile device into a Quick Response (QR) code. At the point of care, we utilized a QR code reader as an interface to transfer scanned data into EHR. We developed an open-source framework to validate the interface. We used the Net Promoter Score (NPS) to evaluate user satisfaction.

RESULTS

The JSON designed for a PROM can contain up to 45,360 questions with optional answers for a specific screening purpose. Our algorithm showed a QR code can store up to 672 questions with answered results. Our framework demonstrated the interface feasible for implementation. NPS survey showed 89.6% patients, 92.3% clinicians and 100% developers are satisfied.

CONCLUSIONS

Collecting PRO over QR code appears to be an optimal interface by simplifying integration. Our study provides new insights to collect PRO with interoperability and big-data in mind. Further evaluations are warranted to validate these findings in routine clinical setting.
Exploring Usage of COVID Coach, a Public Mental Health App Designed for the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evaluation of Analytics Data (Preprint)
Authors: Jaworski Beth K , Taylor Katherine , Ramsey Kelly M , Heinz Adrienne , Steinmetz Sarah , Pagano Ian , Moraja Giovanni , Owen Jason E
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted mental health and well-being. Mobile mental health apps can be scalable and useful tools in large-scale disaster responses and are particularly promising for reaching vulnerable populations. COVID Coach is a free, evidence-informed mobile app designed specifically to provide tools and resources for addressing COVID-19–related stress.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to characterize the overall usage of COVID Coach, explore retention and return usage, and assess whether the app was reaching individuals who may benefit from mental health resources.

METHODS

Anonymous usage data collected from COVID Coach between May 1, 2020, through October 31, 2020, were extracted and analyzed for this study. The sample included 49,287 unique user codes and 3,368,931 in-app events.

RESULTS

Usage of interactive tools for coping and stress management comprised the majority of key app events (n=325,691, 70.4%), and the majority of app users tried a tool for managing stress (n=28,009, 58.8%). COVID Coach was utilized for ≤3 days by 80.9% (n=34,611) of the sample whose first day of app use occurred within the 6-month observation window. Usage of the key content in COVID Coach predicted returning to the app for a second day. Among those who tried at least one coping tool on their first day of app use, 57.2% (n=11,444) returned for a second visit; whereas only 46.3% (n=10,546) of those who did not try a tool returned (P<.001). Symptoms of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were prevalent among app users. For example, among app users who completed an anxiety assessment on their first day of app use (n=4870, 11.4% of users), 55.1% (n=2680) reported levels of anxiety that were moderate to severe, and 29.9% (n=1455) of scores fell into the severe symptom range. On average, those with moderate levels of depression on their first day of app use returned to the app for a greater number of days (mean 3.72 days) than those with minimal symptoms (mean 3.08 days; t1=3.01, P=.003). Individuals with significant PTSD symptoms on their first day of app use utilized the app for a significantly greater number of days (mean 3.79 days) than those with fewer symptoms (mean 3.13 days; t1=2.29, P=.02).

CONCLUSIONS

As the mental health impacts of the pandemic continue to be widespread and increasing, digital health resources, such as apps like COVID Coach, are a scalable way to provide evidence-informed tools and resources. Future research is needed to better understand for whom and under what conditions the app is most helpful and how to increase and sustain engagement.
A Data-Free Digital Platform to Reach Families With Young Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Online Survey Study (Preprint)
Authors: Richter Linda Marleine , Naicker Sara Naomi
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 pandemic and containment measures have severely affected families around the world. It is frequently assumed that digital technologies can supplement and perhaps even replace services for families. This is challenging in conditions of high device and data costs as well as poor internet provision and access, raising concerns about widening inequalities in availability of support and consequent effects on child and family outcomes. Very few studies have examined these issues, including in low- and middle-income countries.

OBJECTIVE

The study objectives were two-fold. The first objective was to gather data on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on families of young children using an online survey. The second objective was to assess the feasibility of using a data-free online platform to conduct regular surveys and, potentially, to provide support for parents and families of young children in South Africa.

METHODS

We used a data-free mobile messenger platform to conduct a short digital survey of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on caring for young children in South Africa. We report on the methodological processes and preliminary findings of the online survey.

RESULTS

More than 44,000 individuals accessed the survey link and 16,217 consented to the short survey within 96 hours of its launch. Respondents were predominantly from lower classes and lower-middle classes, representing the majority of the population, with urban residential locations roughly proportionate to national patterns and some underrepresentation of rural households. Mothers comprised 70.2% (11,178/15,912) of respondents and fathers comprised 29.8% (4734/15,912), representing 18,672 children 5 years of age and younger. Response rates per survey item ranged from 74.8% (11,907/15,912) at the start of the survey to 50.3% (8007/15,912) at completion. A total of 82.0% (12,729/15,912) of parents experienced at least one challenge during the pandemic, and 32.4% (2737/8441) did not receive help when needed from listed sources. Aggregate and individual findings in the form of bar graphs were made available to participants to view and download once they had completed the survey. Participants were also able to download contact details for support and referral services at no data cost.

CONCLUSIONS

Data-free survey methodology breaks new ground and demonstrates potential not previously considered. Reach is greater than achieved through phone surveys and some social media platforms, men are not usually included in parent surveys, costs are lower than phone surveys, and the technology allows for immediate feedback to respondents. These factors suggest that zero-rated, or no-cost, services could provide a feasible, sustainable, and equitable basis for ongoing interactions with families of young children.
Questions to the Article of research output and international cooperation among countries during the COVID-19 pandemic (Preprint)
Authors: Kuo Shu-Chun , Chien Tsair-Wei , Chou Willy
Published: December 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

We read with great interest the study by Grammes et al. on research output and international cooperation among countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper is a quantitative study using scientometric analysis instead of a qualitative research using citation analysis. A total of 7,185 publications were extracted from Web of Science Core Collection (WoS) with keywords of “covid19 OR covid-19 OR sarscov2 OR sars-cov-2” as of July 4, 2020. We replicated a citation analysis study to extract abstracts from Pubmed Central(PMC) with similar keywords mentioned above and obtained 35,421 articles relevant to COVID-10 matching their corresponding number of citation in PMC. one hundred top-cited atricles were selected and compared on diagrams. Social network analysis combined with citation numbers in articles was performed to analyze international cooperation among countries. The results were shown on a world map instead of the circle diagram in the previous study. A Sankey diagram was applied to highlight entities(e.g., countries, article types, medical subject headings, and journals) with the most citations. Authors from Chian dominated citations in these 100 top-cited articles rather than the US in publications addressed in the previous study. Both visual representations of the world map and Sankey diagram were provided to readers with a better understanding of the research output and international cooperation among countries during the COVID-19 pandemic
World-class university in the era of digitalization
Authors: Pavlov Pavel V. , Zashchitina Elena K.
Published: December 2020

The article examines the tendencies and prospects for the development of universities wishing to occupy leading positions in world and national rankings that appeared in connection with digitalization, which has the most noticeable impact in the field of education since 2020. In this regard, the most urgent is to consider the identification of the main factors by which universities are assessed by leading international and national ratings, evolutionary and meaningful models of creating a world-class university, vectors for the development of digital transformation in relation to higher education, as well as analysis of existing ones, internship at world-class universities in the field of digitalization. The presented results of the study allow to draw conclusions about the attitude of representatives of educational organizations (students and teachers) and the business community of a number of cities in Russia, Poland and Italy to the ongoing digital transformation of universities and the formation of new world-class universities.
Analysis of the national health system of Cuba
Authors: Pupo Ochoa Yarima
Published: December 2020

This article discusses a set of issues relevant to the current state of the health care system of the Republic of Cuba. The purpose of the study is to give an idea of the dynamics of national health development and compare the results achieved in this sector from 2010 to 2018. The consideration of these problems begins with a description of the demographic context that reflects the general health status of the population. The basic structure of the health system, beneficiaries and benefits in the field of health, sources of financing and expenditures on health, available resources and user satisfaction with the services received were also taken into account. The paper also provides an assessment of the main problems that the Ministry of Health will have to solve in the short and medium term, which will entail the need to develop and implement new management strategies for health institutions. The study was based on a theory of analysis of the health sector adapted to the specifics of Cuban public health, providing guidance to the work of the Ministry of Health and health managers in order to achieve a higher level of satisfaction and quality.
Micro-business in France: specificity, role in the national economy, system of state support
Authors: Komissarova Zhanna N.
Published: December 2020

Micro-business functioning has a significant impact on the state of the economy and social sphere of any country. The French pattern is noteworthy because a country, that had been aiming at the development of large groups for a long time earlier, only in two decades managed to build a successful system of governmental support for micro-business that includes both specific and common measures for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The study attempts to identify current development trends of the micro-business in France and also to analyse the effectiveness of the state support system provided for the activities of the considered category of the economic entities. Depending on the nature of the subject matter, the author used such methods and approaches of scientific knowledge as induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, system-structural, comparative and statistical analysis. The study analyses in detail the current development trends of the micro-business in France, including its sectorial and regional specifics, estimates the contribution of micro-enterprises to the economic and social development of the country and deeply examines the system of state support. Micro-enterprises take an important place in the French economy by providing one fifth of the employment in the country and the same share of value added. Meanwhile, micro-enterprises are quite weakly oriented towards export because their activities are targeted mainly at the local markets and concentrated in the services sector. Micro-enterprises contribute little to research and development (considering the percentage of total expenditure on research and development and the percentage of total employment in scientific research sector). However, micro-business remains an absolute leader in terms of research and development intensity by spending almost one third of its turnover on researches and considering the share of the direct financial assistance from the state in total expenditures on scientific researches. To date, a sufficiently effective system of public support to micro-business has been formed in France. Apart from providing financial assistance, the system includes substantial tax benefits and simplified taxation schemes, easy reporting system and simple procedures for filing tax return, facilitated social regime, simplification of major bureaucratic formalities and strong information support in all stages of functioning of an enterprise.
Foreign trade relations between the Republic of Korea and the United States in the context of the development of integration processes
Authors: Andronova Inna V. , Dyuzheva Natalia V. , Andronov Kirill A.
Published: December 2020

The article examines the process of concluding, implementing and updating the Free Trade Agreement between the USA and South Korea, highlights the main problematic aspects of the functioning of the free trade area and the consequences for the bilateral trade of countries. The study found that South Korea benefited significantly from the negotiated liberal trade regime with the USA. The trade balance surplus of South Korea with the USA sharply increased - to a historic maximum of 25 billion dollars (in 2015), also South Korean exports of high-tech goods and high value-added goods increased significantly. For the USA, participation in the agreement led to an increase in the trade balance deficit and in the export of resources, agricultural goods and low value-added products. The observed consequences led to the use of a tough discriminatory policy by the USA, to the revision of the provisions of the Free trade agreement and to the military and political concessions from South Korea. As a result, the deficit of the US trade balance with South Korea decreased by 17.3% over the year, changes in the commodity structure of the countries' mutual trade are expected. The analysis proves the formation of a unified approach in US foreign trade policy towards partner countries within the framework of Free trade agreements, which lies in the mainstream of new protectionism and aimed at ensuring American geopolitical and economic interests.
Formation Specifics of Language Personality in a Multicultural Environment
Authors: Bashieva Svetlana K. , Dokhova Zalina R. , Shogenova Marina Ch.
Published: December 2020

The article considers the specificity of modern linguistic personality formation in KabardinoBalkaria, a social space of which develops as a multidimensional and multifaceted multicultural environment characterized by the expansion of the boundaries of cultural communication; updating the cultural significance of belonging to the Russian world; the intensification of tendencies towards the assertion of national identity; the proliferation of ideas and views faith communities; expansion of the modern media discourse, activation of the processes of information intensity and mass digital accessibility, which generally forms the media culture of society, etc. It is noted that in the multicultural space of the Republic, the culture of Russian society with the basic culture of the Russian people, the national cultures of the titular peoples (Kabardins and Balkars), and religious (mainly Islamic) culture occupy dominant positions that determine the cultural preferences of the modern language personality, the formation and development of which is significantly influenced by social, ethnic and psychological factors.
Algunos datos del comercio precolombino en Colombia
Authors: Wassén S. Henry
Published: December 2020

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Investigaciones arqueológicas en la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Parte 4
Authors: Reichel-Dolmatoff Gerardo , Reichel-Dolmatoff Alicia
Published: December 2020

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Structure of the Coastal Current Direction Bimodality at the Southern Coast of Crimea in 2002–2008
Authors: Kuznetsov A. S. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Sevastopol, Russia
Published: December 2020

This paper aims at improvement of knowledge about the structure of bimodal distribution of coastal current direction repeatability at Cape Kikineiz of the Southern coast of Crimea as per monitoring data obtained at the stationary oceanographic platform of the Black Sea hydrophysical sub-satellite testing area of the MHI RAS. Used for monitoring, a vertical measuring antenna with a fixed aperture of Euler testers of the current horizontal component provided verifiable and synchronic isolation of the current's structural characteristics with a vertical velocity shift and multiscale coherent oscillations of the current. New results of analysis of in situ data are presented regarding characteristics of the coastal current and its variability. The data were obtained within the period from November 2001 to 2008. Change patterns of the long-term coastal current regime are noted. The current's characteristics are matched to the results obtained at Cape Kikineiz of the Southern coast of Crimea for the period from September 2008 to 2019. Regular intense oscillations of the coastal current at the local inertial (17 hrs) and daily component as well as current oscillations with a period of 11.6 day are defined. Evolution is analyzed of probability density distribution of the velocity module and current vector direction after calculations, during which a corresponding vector distribution of intensive inertial-gravitational, mesoscale and synoptic oscillations was excluded in the original vector series of dynamics using a digital filtration method. When excluding the contribution of daily and inertial oscillations, the backward and primary mode ratio in the histograms of the coastal current direction repeatability decreases by more than three times. When excluding the contribution of mesoscale and synoptical oscillations, the backward mode of current is almost absent and there exists only a large-scale coastal current coinciding with a cyclonic direction of the coastal edge of the Black Sea Rim Current. Bimodal distribution of the coastal current direction repeatability is a result of superposition of velocity vectors of a large-scale current and variable contribution of existing orbital velocities of multiscale wave and vortex formations present in the coastal-shelf area.
Prevalência de Blastocystis spp. provenientes de amostras fecais de moradores de dois biomas mato-grossenses
Authors: Zorzan Wilma Nunes Martins , Moreira Luciana Melhorança , Silva Samuel Laudelino , Castrillon Solange Kimie Ikeda , Lima Marília Ferreira , Da Silva Maria Eugênia Villarruel , Cabral Stephany Seraglio Santos , De Barros Lucas França , Shaw Jeffrey Jon , Malheiros Antonio Francisco
Published: December 2020

Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o percentual de positividade de Blastocystis spp. na população de quatro municípios de dois biomas do estado de Mato Grosso. As coletas de fezes foram realizadas nos municípios de Barão de Melgaço, Cáceres, Nova Xavantina e Cuiabá, nos biomas Pantanal e Cerrado. Foram coletadas 708 amostras fecais, o grupo amostral foi dividido em duas categorias sendo 350 provenientes do grupo I, o qual compreendia uma população composta por integrantes com idade entre 5 a 15 anos e 358 provenientes do grupo II, composto por integrantes com idade de 16 anos acima, destas 17,93% estavam positivas para Blastocystis spp, sendo que 11,15% eram amostras de pertencentes ao primeiro grupo e 6,77% referentes ao segundo grupo. Barão de Melgaço foi o município que apresentou a maior positividade (25,5%), e Cáceres a menor (7%). O bioma Cerrado apresentou um percentual maior de amostras positivas na população geral (21,10%) em relação ao Pantanal (15,5%). Houve diferença significativa para o percentual de positividade com relação à faixa etária, não havendo diferença entre os indivíduos por sexo ou por biomas. Este trabalho possibilitou um maior conhecimento sobre a realidade mato-grossense quanto à infecção por Blastocystis spp.
Práticas e saberes: as várias faces que permeiam o uso de plantas na medicina popular
Authors: Jaýne Santos Borges  , Aumeri Carlos Bampi  , Maria Antonia Carniello
Published: December 2020

O uso de plantas medicinais no cuidado humano é uma prática antiga, presente desde os primórdios das civilizações. Desse modo, o objetivo do presente estudo consolida-se em realizar uma análise socioeconômica, socioambiental e sociocultural dos componentes etnobotânicos utilizados como medicamentos nos quintais da Comunidade do Distrito de Vila Aparecida no município de Cáceres-MT. O estudo etnobotânico foi realizado com moradores da Comunidade do Distrito de Vila Aparecida, Cáceres – MT, entre os meses de junho e novembro de 2018 e desenvolvido em três etapas: Identificação dos participantes; Entrevista estruturada e não estruturada gravadas e Coleta de material botânico. Foram estudados 16 quintais nos quais foram registradas 94 espécies distribuídas em 40 famílias botânicas utilizadas pela comunidade para fins medicinais. Essas, são usadas frequentemente para o combate de um conjunto de 80 afecções diferentes, que estão distribuídas em 11 sistemas do corpo humano. É de fundamental importância o desenvolvimento de ações educativas junto à sociedade que visem a sensibilização da população intencionando a conservação e manutenção desses saberes, bem como o uso sustentável dos recursos naturais presentes em quintais.
Índice de satisfação da limpeza urbana na zona urbana de Pau dos Ferros/RN
Authors: Da Costa Talita Tássia , Medeiros Bezerra Joel , Monallize Duarte Moura Bruna , Ticiane Alves do Rêgo Alana , Silva de Souza Rafael , Batista de Queiroz Júnior Antônio , Soares Roque Francisco , Brito Nobre Samilly , Clerverton Guerra Costa Helves
Published: December 2020

O processo de urbanização tem se intensificado devido o crescimento econômico e inserção social que propiciaram a ocupação desenfreada e não planejada. Com o aumento no consumo e na geração dos resíduos sólidos se estabeleceu um cenário preocupante quanto sua destinação e disposição. Diante esse contexto, o presente trabalho propõe a análise do Índice de Satisfação de Limpeza Urbana como uma ferramenta norteadora para gerenciamento deste serviço no município de Pau dos Ferros- RN. Aplicou-se 398 questionários em 17 bairros diferentes, em uma pesquisa de opinião quanto à frequência de coleta e limpeza urbana. Estipulou-se pesos nas alternativas de acordo com a relevância e com o uso de média ponderada e delimitou-se o índice geral e por bairro. Os resultados apontam que 70,6 % dos bairros possuem o nível baixo de satisfação e 29,4 % classificaram como média satisfação, onde se destacam com maior e menor valor, respectivamente, João Catingueira e Beira Rio. O índice de satisfação demonstrou que o sistema de limpeza urbana se apresenta predominantemente com indicadores que variam entre médio e baixo desempenho. Esse cenário difere das principais zonas urbanas brasileira, onde áreas mais centrais acabam sendo mais assistidas pelo poder público, o que não foi possível verificar no município de estudo.
ACUTE MYELOID LEUKAEMIA WITH DOWN SYNDROME: A CASE SERIES ON THE USE OF VINCRISTINE
Authors: Joey Gregory , Mantik Max , Gunawan Stefanus , Haas Valerie , Kaspers Gertjan
Published: December 2020

Myeloid Leukemia with Down Syndrome (ML-DS) is a unique entity of AML
with superior treatment response and overall survival compared to
children with AML. Despite all of it, ML-DS survival rates for children
in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remain poor. We described
three ML-DS cases, which were treated with vincristine, cytarabine and
daunorubicin plus triple intrathecal drugs. All of our three patients
successfully finished the treatment, with two patients were still
complete remission until now, and one died two days after finishing the
chemotherapy. ML-DS is treatable in our limited-resources setting in
Manado, Indonesia.
SOUND DESIGN EM GAMES E UX: ESTUDO DE CASO DA RELAÇÃO ENTRE EFEITOS SONOROS E AÇÕES DE JOGO NO SUPER MARIO BROS
Authors: Sel Franco Marisa , Raposo Felipe , Vale João Vitor , Carvalho Flávia , Demaison André
Published: December 2020

Considerados como mídias interativas, os jogos eletrônicos têm suas características sonoras como fortes auxiliadoras para se obter uma UX (experiência de usuário) expandida: quer como feedback de ações dos jogadores ou como elemento construtor da atmosfera imersiva. As interfaces auditivas são pontes de comunicação designer-usuário que extrapolam os elementos visuais das telas. Os efeitos sonoros e trilhas têm ainda um papel importante para construção identitária do jogo, possibilitando ao jogador ter pleno conhecimento das ações. O presente trabalho buscou avaliar a capacidade do usuário de identificar ações do jogo apenas por seus respectivos efeitos sonoros, com o objetivo de estudar o papel do sound design na UX. Para isso, optou-se pelo estudo de caso da interface sonora do jogo Super Mario Bros., lançado pela Nintendo para o console NES, em 1985, e que deu origem a uma das mais importantes franquias de games da história. O estudo é relevante para o desenvolvimento de novos projetos sonoros em videogames, principalmente levando em consideração a possibilidade de se trabalhar aspectos inclusivos por meio da interface sonora.
DESIGN ESTRATÉGICO, COMMUNITY CENTERED DESIGN E GESTÃO POR MANDALAS: UMA PROPOSTA TEÓRICO-METODOLÓGICA PARA PROCESSOS DE CODESIGN
Authors: Bittencourt Gustavo Berwanger , Freire Karine De Mello
Published: December 2020

Este artigo propõe uma articulação teórico-metodológica para processos de design que buscam potencializar a participação de pessoas afetadas pelo projeto. Para isso, realiza um resgate teórico do Design Estratégico, do Community Centered Design e da Gestão por Mandalas, e descreve como tais insumos foram utilizados em um processo de codesign realizado para uma pesquisa de Mestrado voltada à inovação social no âmbito das associações de pessoas envolvidas com doenças raras. Por fim, são apresentados tanto resultados empíricos quanto reflexões teóricas que reforçam a necessidade de alinhar o tema da participação em processos de design a metodologias e ferramentas comprometidas com a autonomia dos sujeitos e com a construção de ambientes democráticos.
A note on polylogarithms and incomplete gamma function
Authors: Aygüneş Aykut
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we firstly introduce the polylogarithms and incomplete gamma function. Then, we claim that there is a relation between polylogarithms and a generalization of incomplete gamma function. Secondly, we give a formula related to polylogarithms. Also, we obtain a relation between incomplete gamma function and the derivatives of polylogarithms. Finally, we find a generating function for the values of incomplete gamma function.
Association of Baseline Characteristics With Insulin Sensitivity and β-Cell Function in the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness (GRADE) Study Cohort
Authors: Rasouli Neda , Younes Naji , Utzschneider Kristina M. , Inzucchi Silvio E. , Balasubramanyam Ashok , Cherrington Andrea L. , Ismail-Beigi Faramarz , Cohen Robert M. , Olson Darin E. , DeFronzo Ralph A. , Herman William H. , Lachin John M. , Kahn Steven E. , Group the GRADE Research
Published: December 2020

Objective: We
investigated sex and racial differences in insulin sensitivity, β-cell function
and HbA1c, and the associations with selected phenotypic characteristics.

Research
Design and Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of baseline
data from 3,108 GRADE participants. All had type 2 diabetes diagnosed <10
years and were on metformin monotherapy. Insulin sensitivity and β-cell
function were evaluated using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin
sensitivity (HOMA2-S) and estimates from oral glucose tolerance tests including
the Matsuda index, insulinogenic index (IGI), C-peptide index (CPI) and oral
disposition index (DI).

Results: The
cohort was 56.6±10 years of age (mean±SD), 63.8% male, with BMI 34.2±6.7 kg/m2,
HbA1c 7.5±0.5% and type 2 diabetes duration 4.0±2.8 years. Women had higher DI than
men but similar insulin sensitivity. DI was the highest in Black/African
Americans, followed by American Indians/Alaska Natives, Asians and Whites in
descending order. Compared to white, American Indian/Alaska Native had
significantly higher HbA1c but Black/African Americans and Asians had lower
HbA1c. However, when adjusted for glucose levels, Black/African Americans had
higher HbA1c than whites. Insulin sensitivity correlated inversely with BMI, waist
to hip ratio, triglyceride to HDL cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL- C) and the presence
of metabolic syndrome; whereas DI was associated directly with age and
inversely with BMI, HbA1c and TG/HDL-C.

Conclusion: In
the GRADE cohort, β-cell function differed by sex and race and was associated
with the concurrent level of HbA1c. HbA1c also differed among the races, but
not sex. Age, BMI and TG/HDL-C were associated with multiple measures of β-cell
function and insulin sensitivity.