bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visual Perception during Mirror-Gazing at One’s Own Face in Patients with Depression
Authors: Caputo Giovanni B. , Bortolomasi Marco , Ferrucci Roberta , Giacopuzzi Mario , Priori Alberto , Zago Stefano
Published: November 2014

In normal observers, gazing at one’s own face in the mirror for a few minutes, at a low illumination level, produces the apparition of strange faces. Observers see distortions of their own faces, but they often see hallucinations like monsters, archetypical faces, faces of relatives and deceased, and animals. In this research, patients with depression were compared to healthy controls with respect to strange-face apparitions. The experiment was a 7-minute mirror-gazing test (MGT) under low illumination. When the MGT ended, the experimenter assessed patients and controls with a specifically designed questionnaire and interviewed them, asking them to describe strange-face apparitions. Apparitions of strange faces in the mirror were very reduced in depression patients compared to healthy controls. Depression patients compared to healthy controls showed shorter duration of apparitions; minor number of strange faces; lower self-evaluation rating of apparition strength; lower self-evaluation rating of provoked emotion. These decreases in depression may be produced by deficits of facial expression and facial recognition of emotions, which are involved in the relationship between the patient (or the patient’s ego) and his face image (or the patient’s bodily self) that is reflected in the mirror.
Effect of Fertilizer Types on the Growth and Yield ofAmaranthus caudatusin Ilorin, Southern Guinea, Savanna Zone of Nigeria
Authors: Adebayo Abayomi Olowoake , James Adebayo Ojo
Published: November 2014

Field experiment was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of Kwara State University, Malete, Ilorin, to evaluate the effect of compost, organomineral, and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield ofAmaranthus caudatusas well as its residual effects.Amaranthuswas grown with compost Grade B (unamended compost), organomineral fertilizer Grade A (compost amended with mineral fertilizer), and NPK 15-15-15 and no fertilizer (control). All the treatments except control were applied at the rate of 100 kg N/ha. The results indicated that theAmaranthusyield of 18.9 t/ha produced from Grade A was significantly (P<0.05) higher than 17.6 t/ha obtained from NPK fertilizer. Residual effect ofAmaranthusgrowth parameters such as plant height, number of leaves, and yield values obtained from Grade A was also significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of NPK, compost, and control values. Thus, organomineral fertilizer could be used in cultivation ofAmaranthus caudatusin Ilorin and in similar type of soil in similar agroecology.
Interactions between Ultraviolet Light and MC1R and OCA2 Variants Are Determinants of Childhood Nevus and Freckle Phenotypes
Authors: Barón Anna E. , Asdigian Nancy L. , Gonzalez Victoria , Aalborg Jenny , Terzian Tamara , Stiegmann Regan A. , Torchia Enrique C. , Berwick Marianne , Dellavalle Robert P. , Morelli Joseph G. , Mokrohisky Stefan T. , Crane Lori A. , Box Neil F.
Published: November 2014

Background: Melanocytic nevi (moles) and freckles are well known biomarkers of melanoma risk, and they are influenced by similar UV light exposures and genetic susceptibilities to those that increase melanoma risk. Nevertheless, the selective interactions between UV exposures and nevus and freckling genes remain largely undescribed.

Methods: We conducted a longitudinal study from ages 6 through 10 years in 477 Colorado children who had annual information collected for sun exposure, sun protection behaviors, and full body skin exams. MC1R and HERC2/OCA2 rs12913832 were genotyped and linear mixed models were used to identify main and interaction effects.

Results: All measures of sun exposure (chronic, sunburns, and waterside vacations) contributed to total nevus counts, and cumulative chronic exposure acted as the major driver of nevus development. Waterside vacations strongly increased total nevus counts in children with rs12913832 blue eye color alleles and facial freckling scores in those with MC1R red hair color variants. Sunburns increased the numbers of larger nevi (≥2 mm) in subjects with certain MC1R and rs12913832 genotypes.

Conclusions: Complex interactions between different UV exposure profiles and genotype combinations determine nevus numbers and size, and the degree of facial freckling.

Impact: Our findings emphasize the importance of implementing sun-protective behavior in childhood regardless of genetic make-up, although children with particular genetic variants may benefit from specifically targeted preventive measures to counteract their inherent risk of melanoma. Moreover, we demonstrate, for the first time, that longitudinal studies are a highly powered tool to uncover new gene–environment interactions that increase cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(12); 2829–39. ©2014 AACR.
Prevalence of Alcohol Consumption and Pattern of Use among the Elderly in the WHO European Region
Authors: Nuevo Roberto , Chatterji Somnath , Verdes Emese , Naidoo Nirmala , Ayuso-Mateos José Luis , Miret Marta
Published: November 2014

Background/Aims: Alcohol-related problems are relevant in the elderly, particularly in developed countries, but there is a lack of cross-country comparisons. The present work aims to examine the frequency and patterns of alcohol consumption in older adults across different European countries, and to analyze the relationship between socioeconomic status and gender with alcohol consumption. Methods: General population-based household surveys of randomly selected adults over 60 years of age in 14 European countries. Participants: 10,119 subjects [mean age: 70.4 (SD = 7.1)], 61.9% women. Results: There are marked differences in alcohol consumption across countries. Except for three countries from eastern regions, most people in all countries present moderate consumption regarding the amount of alcohol and pattern of use. However, there are marked gender differences, with a higher intake in men (effect sizes ranging from 0.57 to 1.27), although these differences are relatively proportional across countries. Finally, a higher socioeconomic status is positively related (B = 0.845, 95% CI: 0.30/1.40) with alcohol consumption after controlling for gender, age, health-functioning status and the country's development level. Conclusions: There are marked differences in consumption of alcohol in the elderly between the different countries, and male gender, as well as a higher SES, were associated with higher alcohol consumption.
A Close Association of Autoimmune-Mediated Processes and Autoimmune Disorders with Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia: Observation from a Single Institution
Authors: Peker Deniz , Padron Eric , Bennett John M. , Zhang Xiaohui , Horna Pedro , Epling-Burnette Pearlie K. , Lancet Jeffrey E. , Pinilla-Ibarz Javier , Moscinski Lynn , List Alan F. , Komrokji Rami S. , Zhang Ling
Published: November 2014

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), a clonal hematopoietic stem cell disease, may be linked to immune-mediated processes and/or autoimmune disorders (AID), although the exact pathogens are still elusive. We retrospectively analyzed 123 CMML patients in our institution. Twenty-four CMML patients (19.5%) had at least one immune-mediated disorder, most commonly idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, gout and psoriasis. Four of these 24 patients (15%) had more than one AID. We found that, in contrast to the general population with a prevalence rate of 3.2-5.2%, newly diagnosed CMML patients demonstrated a high prevalence and variety of immune-mediated processes and/or AID. When we compared the results with those of myelodysplastic syndromes published in the literature, the prevalence of AID in these two groups of patients is similar. Our results also showed that the presence of cytogenetic abnormalities was less in CMML patients with AID (6 of 21; 28.6%) than in those without AID (37 of 94; 39.4%), although there was no statistical significance (p = 0.334). A multicenter large cohort study of CMML with AID is recommended to illustrate the molecular relationship between the two distinct groups. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel
Equivalent Outcome of Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation and Reduced Intensity Conditioning Stem Cell Transplantation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients with t(8;21)
Authors: Eom Ki-Seong , Kim Hee-Je , Cho Byung-Sik , Lee Sung Eun , Yahng Seung-Ah , Yoon Jae-Ho , Shin Seung-Hwan , Jeon Young-Woo , Kim Jung-Ho , Kim Yoo-Jin , Lee Seok , Min Chang-Ki , Cho Seok-Goo , Kim Dong-Wook , Lee Jong-Wook , Min Woo-Sung , Park Chong-Won
Published: November 2014

We analyzed the outcome of stem cell transplantation (SCT) for 59 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with t(8;21). The 5-year overall and disease-free survival (OS and DFS) were 70.2 and 68.4%, respectively. The 5-year cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) and nonrelapse mortality were 16.9 and 13.6%, respectively. OS and DFS in the reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC)-SCT group (70.4%) were not different from in the autologous SCT (ASCT) group (72.4 and 69.0%, respectively). Age was a factor affecting OS (p = 0.007) and DFS (p = 0.008) in the ASCT group, but not in the RIC-SCT group. In the ASCT group, lack of the X chromosome (-X) and an age of >50 years were associated with inferior survival; however, these differences disappeared in the RIC-SCT group. CIR was significantly higher in patients with -X than in those without -X only in the ASCT group (p = 0.038), i.e. not in the RIC-SCT group. ASCT and RIC-SCT are equally effective for the intensification of postremission treatment of AML patients with t(8;21). The subgroups with advanced age or -X should be preferentially considered for RIC-SCT, rather than ASCT. Further investigations with randomized prospective trials of a sizeable study population are warranted. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel
Spinal Clear Cell Meningioma in a 3-Year-Old: A Case Report
Authors: Balogun James A. , Halliday William , Bouffet Eric , Kulkarni Abhaya V.
Published: November 2014

Clear cell meningioma (CCM) is an aggressive meningioma variant with a tendency to early recurrence posing a challenge to its treatment. Although spinal meningiomas are uncommon in children, this rare entity has been described as the most common variant of spinal meningiomas in the pediatric age group. We present the case of a 3-year-old with a confirmed lumbar spine CCM and discuss the problems encountered in the management of this disease.
A Case of Dermatomyositis with Esophageal Fistula in Whom Blind Mucosal Biopsy Detected Occult Oropharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Kabuto Miho , Fujimoto Noriki , Teramura Kazuya , Tateishi Midori , Hamaguchi Yasuhito , Fujimoto Manabu , Tanaka Toshihiro
Published: November 2014

We present a case of anti-transcription intermediary factor 1 (anti-TIF-1) antibody-positive dermatomyositis with concomitant esophageal fistula and extensive truncal erythema. The characteristic cutaneous features and presence of anti-TIF-1 antibodies were predictive for internal malignancy. However, repeated examinations for internal malignancy showed none, and blind mucosal biopsy was needed to diagnose oropharyngeal carcinoma. We should note the possibility of occult nasopharyngeal carcinoma and consider performing blind mucosal biopsy in dermatomyositis with esophageal fistula, especially with extensive truncal erythema.
Exploration of the Pathogenesis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis from the Perspective of Motor Neuron TDP-43 Protein Expression and ADAR2 Activity
Authors: Song Yu , Pan Weidong
Published: November 2014

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a common adult-onset nervous system degenerative disease, characterized by the progressive loss of upper and lower motor neurons. TDP-43 pathology in motor neurons is a hallmark of ALS. In addition, the reduced expression of an RNA-editing enzyme, adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 2 (ADAR2), increases the expression of GluA2 at an unedited glutamine/arginine (Q/R) site in the motor neurons of patients with sporadic ALS. The change in the amino acid residue at the Q/R site of GluR2 results in marked alterations in channel properties of AMPA receptors, which increases Ca2+ permeability, and this increase in Ca2+ influx plays a key role in the death of motor neurons. ADAR2 mRNA is a target RNA for TDP-43, and TDP-43 plays a regulatory role in the expression of ADAR2. Recently, researchers have explored the possibility of gene therapy for ALS by upregulating ADAR2 in mouse motor neurons using an adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) vector that enables gene delivery to a wide array of central neurons after peripheral administration and observed that the expression of exogenous ADAR2 in the central neurons effectively prevented progressive motor dysfunction. AAV9-ADAR2 rescued the motor neurons from death by normalizing TDP-43 expression. Therefore, this AAV9-mediated ADAR2 gene delivery may enable the development of a gene therapy for ALS. i 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel
Examining Rare and Low-Frequency Genetic Variants Previously Associated With Lone or Familial Forms of Atrial Fibrillation in an Electronic Medical Record System
Authors: Weeke Peter , Denny Joshua C. , Basterache Lisa , Shaffer Christian , Bowton Erica , Ingram Christie , Darbar Dawood , Roden Dan M.
Published: November 2014

Background—

Studies in individuals or small kindreds have implicated rare variants in 25 different genes in lone and familial atrial fibrillation (AF) using linkage and segregation analysis, functional characterization, and rarity in public databases. Here, we used a cohort of 20 204 patients of European or African ancestry with electronic medical records and exome chip data to compare the frequency of AF among carriers and noncarriers of these rare variants.

Methods and Results—

The exome chip included 19 of 115 rare variants, in 9 genes, previously associated with lone or familial AF. Using validated algorithms querying a combination of clinical notes, structured billing codes, ECG reports, and procedure codes, we identified 1056 AF cases (>18 years) and 19 148 non-AF controls (>50 years) with available genotype data on the Illumina HumanExome BeadChip v.1.0 in the Vanderbilt electronic medical record-linked DNA repository, BioVU. Known correlations between AF and common variants at 4q25 were replicated. None of the 19 variants previously associated with AF were over-represented among AF cases (
P
>0.1 for all), and the frequency of variant carriers among non-AF controls was >0.1% for 14 of 19. Repeat analyses using non-AF controls aged >60 (n=14 904), >70 (n=9670), and >80 (n=4729) years did not influence these findings.

Conclusions—

Rare variants previously implicated in lone or familial forms of AF present on the exome chip are detected at low frequencies in a general population but are not associated with AF. These findings emphasize the need for caution when ascribing variants as pathogenic or causative.
Quantification of viable eggs of the potato cyst nematodes (Globodera spp.) using either trehalose or RNA-specific Real-Time PCR
Authors: Beniers Johanna E. , Been Thomas H. , Mendes Odette , van Gent-Pelzer Marga P.E. , van der Lee Theo A.J.
Published: November 2014

Two novel methods for the quantitative estimation of the number of viable eggs of the potato cyst nematodes (Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis) were tested and compared with visual inspection. One is based on the loss of membrane integrity upon death and uses trehalose (a disaccharide) as a marker, the second test exploits the rapid degeneration of mRNA upon decease with a RNA-specific Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) assay. The viability of eggs in suspensions with different numbers of eggs was determined morphologically and was compared with both trehalose and elongation-factor-1-alpha (EF1α) mRNA measurements. The trehalose assay provided results that were close to those of the visual assessment using a microscope but only when samples contained low numbers of eggs. The lowest detectable value is 1.1 egg in the original sample and small differences in the number of viable eggs can be detected. Unfortunately, trehalose measurements reached a saturation limit at 1 cyst 10 μl−1; therefore, samples with nematode numbers above 262 eggs have to be diluted. The presence of dead cysts did not have a negative effect on the trehalose measurements. However, the use of egg suspensions instead of encysted eggs improved both the trehalose absorbance and the reliability of the measurements. When cysts were exposed to a treatment with allylisothiocyanate, the trehalose measurement detected the presence of more viable eggs than a hatching assay. The RT-PCR assay required a minimum of 30 eggs before detection occurred but can detect up to 8000 eggs in a 25 μl sample, which is an advantage when samples with high PCN infestations have to be processed. However, the confidence intervals (CI) of the RT-PCR assay are larger than those of the trehalose assay, which results in a high variation of single measurements. For example, at a density of 210 eggs in the original sample the 95% CI for the trehalose assay covers 191-228 eggs, and the 95% CI for the RT-PCR assay for G. pallida lies between 73 and 602 eggs and for G. rostochiensis between 59 and 745 eggs. Trials with field samples using both methods supported the laboratory tests. 95% of the field samples tested with the trehalose assay lie within the CI of the standard curve compared to 58% of the RT-PCR tested samples for G. pallida. The measurements of the field samples of G. pallida and G. rostochiensis populations using both methods resulted in larger numbers of viable eggs being detected compared to a hatching test. Neither of the investigated methods in their current state of development is optimal for use as a substitute for the visual inspection used in monitoring labs. The variance of the RT-PCR assay is too high if used for quantitative monitoring; the density range of eggs that can be detected using the trehalose assay is too small.
The phylogenetic relationships of three new species of the Cyrtodactylus pulchellus complex (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from poorly explored regions in northeastern Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: GRISMER L. LEE , WOOD PERRY L. , ANUAR SHAHRUL , QUAH EVAN S. H. , MUIN MOHD ABDUL , MOHAMED MAKETAB , ONN CHAN KIN , SUMARLI ALEXANDRA X. , LOREDO ARIEL I. , HEINZ HEATHER M.
Published: November 2014

An integrative taxonomic analysis of three newly discovered populations of the gekkonid genus Cyrtodactylus Gray from Merapoh, Pahang; Gunung Stong, Kelantan; and Gunung Tebu, Terengganu indicate they are part of the C. pulchellus complex and each is a new species and thusly named Cyrtodactylus sharkari sp. nov., C. jelawangensis sp. nov., and C. timur sp. nov., respectively. Each species bears a unique suite of morphological and color pattern characters separating them from each other and all other nominal species in the C. pulchellus complex. Their phylogenetic relationships to each other and other species in the C. pulchellus complex were unexpected in that they are not in accordance with the general distribution of the species in this complex, underscoring the intricate historical biogeography of the Thai-Malay Peninsula. These descriptions highlight our current lack of knowledge concerning the herpetological diversity and distribution of species in northeastern Peninsular Malaysia.
First fossil occurrence of a filefish (Tetraodontiformes; Monacanthidae) in Asia, from the Middle Miocene in Nagano Prefecture, central Japan
Authors: MIYAJIMA YUSUKE , KOIKE HAKUICHI , MATSUOKA HIROSHIGE
Published: November 2014

A new fossil filefish, Aluterus shigensis sp. nov., with a close resemblance to the extant Aluterus scriptus (Osbeck), is described from the Middle Miocene Bessho Formation in Nagano Prefecture, central Japan. It is characterized by: 21 total vertebrae; very slender and long first dorsal spine with tiny anterior barbs; thin and lancet-shaped basal pterygiophore of the spiny dorsal fin, with its ventral margin separated from the skull; proximal tip of moderately slender first pterygiophore of the soft dorsal fin not reaching far ventrally; soft dorsal-fin base longer than anal-fin base; caudal peduncle having nearly equal depth and length; and tiny, fine scales with slender, straight spinules. The occurrence of this fossil filefish from the Bessho Formation is consistent with the influence of warm water currents suggested by other fossils, but it is inconsistent with the deep-water sedimentary environment of this Formation. This is the first fossil occurrence of a filefish in Asia; previously described fossil filefishes are known from the Pliocene and Pleistocene of Italy, the Pliocene of Greece, and the Miocene and Pliocene of North America. These fossil records suggest that the genus Aluterus had already been derived and was widely distributed during the Middle Miocene with taxa closely resembling Recent species.
Revision of Pherusa Oken, 1807(Polychaeta: Flabelligeridae)
Authors: SALAZAR-VALLEJO SERGIO I.
Published: November 2014

Pherusa Oken, 1807 was the first genus of flabelligerids to be described and was regarded as having over 40 species. Following revision of all available material two morphological patterns are recognized: Pherusa is restricted to those species with eight branchial filaments of similar width, and anchylosed falcate neurohooks, shorter than body width. Species with the same number of branchial filaments but with neurochaetae mostly straight, distally foliose and often as long as body width are transferred to a new genus: Lamispina n. gen. Pherusa contains 14 species, including six newly described: P. plumosa (Müller, 1776), type-species, restricted, from Greenland, P. affinis (Leidy, 1855) from the NW Atlantic, P. andersonorum n. sp. from the NE Pacific (California), P. aspera (Stimpson, 1854) from the NW Atlantic, P. hobsonae n. sp. from the NE Pacific (Washington), P. incrustata Quatrefages, 1866, reinstated from the Mediterranean Sea, P. mikacae n. sp. from the Adriatic Sea, P. moorei n. sp. from the NW Pacific (Japan), P. neopapillata Hartman, 1961 from the NE Pacific (California), P. nipponica n. sp. from the NW Pacific (Japan), P. obscura Quatrefages, 1866 reinstated from the NE Atlantic (France), P. papillata (Johnson, 1901) from the NE Pacific (Washington), P. rullieri n. sp. from the Eastern tropical Atlantic (Benin), and Pherusa sibogae (Caullery, 1944) n. comb. from Western Timor, Indonesia. Lamispina n. gen. has 10 species with five newly described: L. schmidtii (Annenkova-Chlopina, 1924) n. comb., type-species from the Japan Sea (incl. P. negligens (Berkeley & Berkeley, 1950)), L. amoureuxi n. sp. from the NE Atlantic (off SW Ireland), L. carrerai n. sp. from the NE Pacific (Mexico), L. chilensis n. sp. from the SE Pacific (Chile), L. falcata (Støp-Bowitz, 1948) n. comb. from the Norwegian Sea, L. gymnopapillata (Hartmann-Schröder, 1965) n. comb. from the SE Pacific (Chile), L. horsti (Haswell, 1892) n. comb. from Southern Australia, L. keeli n. sp. from the Gulf of Mexico (Florida), L. kerguelarum (Grube, 1877) n. comb. from the Southern Indian Ocean (Kerguelen Islands), and L. milligani n. sp. from the NW Atlantic (Florida). Keys to identify these two genera and all species in each genus are also included.
Controls on Spatial and Temporal Variability in Northern Hemisphere Terrestrial Snow Melt Timing, 1979–2012
Authors: Mioduszewski J. R. , Rennermalm A. K. , Robinson D. A. , Wang L.
Published: November 2014

Spring snowmelt onset has occurred earlier across much of the Northern Hemisphere land area in the last four decades. Understanding the mechanisms driving spring melt has remained a challenge, particularly in its spatial and temporal variability. Here, melt onset dates (MOD) obtained from passive microwave satellite data are used, as well as energy balance and meteorological fields from NASA’s Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, to assess trends in the MOD and attribute melt onset across much of Arctic and sub-Arctic Eurasia and North America during the spring snowmelt season from 1979 to 2012. Across much of the Northern Hemisphere MOD has occurred 1–2 weeks earlier over this period, with the strongest trends in western and central Russia and insignificant trends across most of North America. Trends in MOD are reflected by those in energy balance terms, with energy advection providing an increasing proportion of melt energy in regions with the strongest MOD trends. Energy advection plays a larger role in melt onset in regions where snow begins melting in March and April, while insolation and longwave radiation drives melt where the MOD occurs in May and June. This implies that there is a potential shift in snowmelt drivers toward those involved in advective processes rather than radiative processes with an earlier MOD. As the high latitudes warm and terrestrial snow cover continues to melt and disappear earlier in the spring, it is valuable to elucidate regional snowmelt sensitivities to better understand regional responses to changing climatological processes.
Racial Inequality Trends and the Intergenerational Persistence of Income and Family Structure
Authors: Bloome Deirdre
Published: November 2014

Racial disparity in family incomes remained remarkably stable over the past 40 years in the United States despite major legal and social reforms. Previous scholarship presents two primary explanations for persistent inequality through a period of progressive change. One highlights continuity: because socioeconomic status is transmitted from parents to children, disparities created through histories of discrimination and opportunity denial may dissipate slowly. The second highlights change: because family income results from joining individual earnings in family units, changing family compositions can offset individuals’ changing economic chances. I examine whether black-white family income inequality trends are better characterized by the persistence of existing disadvantage (continuity) or shifting forms of disadvantage (change). I combine cross-sectional and panel analysis using Current Population Survey, Panel Study of Income Dynamics, Census, and National Vital Statistics data. Results suggest that African Americans experience relatively extreme intergenerational continuity (low upward mobility) and discontinuity (high downward mobility); both helped maintain racial inequality. Yet, intergenerational discontinuities allow new forms of disadvantage to emerge. On net, racial inequality trends are better characterized by changing forms of disadvantage than by continuity. Economic trends were equalizing but demographic trends were disequalizing; as family structures shifted, family incomes did not fully reflect labor-market gains.
The Role of Deployment Policies in Fostering Innovation for Clean Energy Technologies
Authors: Hoppmann Joern
Published: November 2014

In recent years, governments in a large number of countries have introduced so-called deployment policies to foster the diffusion of clean energy technologies. While there is little doubt that these demand-side measures have been very effective in raising the share of clean electricity generation, currently, much less is known about how deployment policies affect—and are affected by—technological innovation beyond the mere diffusion of existing technologies. Against this backdrop, this dissertation abstract and commentary presents the dissertation work of Dr. Joern Hoppmann. Based on a discussion of deployment policies as a means for addressing pressing societal issues, the dissertation abstract describes four essays that provide a detailed account of the role that these policies play for technological learning in the solar photovoltaic (PV) industry. The theoretical background, methods, and main findings of each of the essays are briefly summarized. Building on this, this abstract discusses implications for managers and policy makers in terms of how to improve the design of deployment policies and navigate businesses in policy-induced markets.
The 2013 Best Dissertation Winner and Runners-Up for the Academy of Management’s Organizations and the Natural Environment Division
Authors: Jennings P. Devereaux
Published: November 2014

The Organizations and the Natural Environment (ONE) Division of the Academy of Management, like most Academy divisions, has an annual dissertation competition to recognize and honor exemplary work in the field. This article, kindly invited by the Editor of Business & Society, provides an overview of the winner and runners-up of that competition, insights into the process for selecting this work, and some reflections on future dissertations in the area.
Leonard and Virginia Woolf: Writing against empire
Authors: Snaith Anna
Published: November 2014

This essay reconsiders the intellectual relationship between Leonard and Virginia Woolf by focusing on the congruence of their writings on empire. It argues for a trans-generic approach by reading Virginia Woolf’s first novel, The Voyage Out (1915), alongside Leonard’s Empire and Commerce in Africa (1920), for which Virginia carried out extensive research. Leonard has been recognized by scholars as one of the foremost anti-imperialists of the interwar period, but more nuanced attention to the resonance between their work reveals that Virginia anticipated the focus on economic imperialism so crucial to Empire and Commerce. Turning on a phrase that echoes across their writing — “buying cheap and selling dear” — the piece explores the ways in which the Woolfs, in the tradition of J.A. Hobson, exposed and explored the violent capitalist motivations behind colonialism in the search for cheap labour, new markets, and raw goods. Furthermore, in their differing ways, Leonard and Virginia Woolf were attuned to the connections between cultural production and imperial trade networks.
Gender, Job Authority, and Depression
Authors: Pudrovska Tetyana , Karraker Amelia
Published: November 2014

Using the 1957–2004 data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, we explore the effect of job authority in 1993 (at age 54) on the change in depressive symptoms between 1993 and 2004 (age 65) among white men and women. Within-gender comparisons indicate that women with job authority (defined as control over others’ work) exhibit more depressive symptoms than women without job authority, whereas men in authority positions are overall less depressed than men without job authority. Between-gender comparisons reveal that although women have higher depression than men, women’s disadvantage in depression is significantly greater among individuals with job authority than without job authority. We argue that macro- and meso-processes of gender stratification create a workplace in which exercising job authority exposes women to interpersonal stressors that undermine health benefits of job authority. Our study highlights how the cultural meanings of masculinities and femininities attenuate or amplify health-promoting resources of socioeconomic advantage.
Reacting to Genetic Risk
Authors: Almeling Rene , Gadarian Shana Kushner
Published: November 2014

Medical sociologists contend that we are living in an era of surveillance medicine, in which the emphasis on risk blurs the lines between health and disease. Yet, data to examine these claims are generally drawn from patients, raising questions about whether this modern experience of medical risk extends beyond the clinic to healthy people in the larger population. We use the specific case of genetic risk to construct a survey experiment designed to induce the conditions theorized by surveillance medicine. Each respondent in a nationally representative sample (N = 2,100) was assigned a genetic risk (20%, 30% . . . 80%) for a disease (colon cancer, heart disease, Alzheimer’s disease) and asked about many potential reactions. We find that people in the general population—regardless of health status or family history—respond to hypothetical genetic risk information by wanting to take action, and their reactions are stronger in domains related to self and family than to community and polity.
Bad Marriage, Broken Heart? Age and Gender Differences in the Link between Marital Quality and Cardiovascular Risks among Older Adults
Authors: Liu Hui , Waite Linda
Published: November 2014

Working from a life course perspective, we develop hypotheses about age and gender differences in the link between marital quality and cardiovascular risk and test them using data from the first two waves of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project. The analytic sample includes 459 married women and 739 married men (aged 57–85 in the first wave) who were interviewed in both waves. We apply Heckman-type corrections for selection bias due to mortality and marriage. Cardiovascular risk is measured as hypertension, rapid heart rate, C-reactive protein, and general cardiovascular events. Results suggest that changes in marital quality and cardiovascular risk are more closely related for older married people than for their younger counterparts and that the link between marital quality and cardiovascular risk is more pronounced among women than among men at older ages. These findings fit with the gendered life course perspective and cumulative disadvantage framework.
Medical Sociology as a Vocation
Authors: Bosk Charles L.
Published: November 2014

This article extends Weber’s discussion of science as a vocation by applying it to medical sociology. Having used qualitative methods for nearly 40 years to interpret problems of meaning as they arise in the context of health care, I describe how ethnography, in particular, and qualitative inquiry, more generally, may be used as a tool for understanding fundamental questions close to the heart but far from the mind of medical sociology. Such questions overlap with major policy questions such as how do we achieve a higher standard for quality of care and assure the safety of patients. Using my own research, I show how this engagement takes the form of showing how simple narratives of policy change fail to address the complexities of the problems that they are designed to remedy. I also attempt to explain how I balance objectivity with a commitment to creating a more equitable framework for health care.
Academic achievement, self-concept and depression in Taiwanese children: Moderated mediation effect
Authors: Wu Pei-Chen , Kuo Shin-Ting
Published: November 2014

The primary purpose of this study was to utilize a multidimensional perspective to examine whether children’s self-concept served as a mediator between academic achievement and depression, and to further investigate whether this mediation effect was moderated by the ages of children. The participants consisted of 632 Taiwanese children in the grades 3 to 6. In the mediation analyses, results found that self-concept, representing a multifaceted and hierarchical structure, was intermediate in the relationship between academic achievement and depression. In further moderated mediation analyses, results indicated that the mediation effect of academic achievement on depression was moderated by the ages or children, with a higher effect for younger children (grades 3–4) than older children (grades 5–6). Finally, this study discussed several empirical and methodological implications of the findings.
Print versus digital in Norwegian newspapers
Authors: Slaatta Tore
Published: November 2014

The conversion of newspapers from print to digital is not taking place in a simple and direct way. In Norway at least, digital news distribution is still developing on the basis of the print media order. But at the same time, it is increasingly becoming a diversified and strategically nuanced logic of online news distribution. What is remarkable in the Norwegian situation is the stability in the high number of outlets and annual sales. It is argued that the Norwegian subsidy system is the most important cause for the high and stable number of newspapers. Indirectly, it also seems to support the development of a competitive market for the development of digital strategies. There is a high rate of innovation in the Norwegian media system, and this article looks into the different digital strategies in different types of newspapers and shows the emergence of a complex pattern of digital news distribution in the Norwegian media order.
A Practical Measure of Student Motivation
Authors: Kosovich Jeff J. , Hulleman Chris S. , Barron Kenneth E. , Getty Steve
Published: November 2014

We present validity evidence for the Expectancy-Value-Cost (EVC) Scale of student motivation. Using a brief, 10-item scale, we measured middle school students’ expectancy, value, and cost for their math and science classes in the Fall and Winter of the same academic year. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the three-factor structure of the EVC Scale, as well as measurement invariance across gender, academic domain, and time. Predictions of the EVC Scale’s relationship with domain-specific future interest and prior achievement provide convergent and discriminant validity evidence. The practical utility of the survey is highlighted by the short administration time and the alignment between observed and latent means, indicating that practitioners can use raw scores rather than latent values. Finally, we discuss methods of how to use the EVC Scale to provide actionable information for educational practitioners, such as identifying which motivation interventions are most needed for students and if those interventions are working.
Interethnic Competition for Classroom Teacher, Assistant Principal, Principal, and Administrator Jobs in Multiethnic U.S. School Districts, 2002-2008
Authors: Kerr Brinck , Miller Will , Kerr Grace Rusk , Deshommes Renee
Published: November 2014

Previous research on interethnic competition has not examined public school jobs across the United States. We use U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission data to answer two research questions. What are the levels of under- and over-representation in various public school jobs among African Americans, Latinos, and White non-Latinos? And, is there interethnic competition for these positions? Answers to these questions have implications for resource distribution and the future of representational equity. Based on analysis of 267 multiethnic U.S. school districts for 2002 and 2008, we find that Latinos are underrepresented in all four job categories and that non-Latino Whites are overrepresented or achieve near-parity in all four categories. On average, Blacks are overrepresented among assistant principals and principals but underrepresented among classroom teachers and administrators. Competition between minorities and non-minorities is more prevalent than competition between Blacks and Latinos. Among districts in which we find competition between Blacks and Latinos, competition does not heavily favor one group over the other for assistant principal, principal, and administrator positions; however, among classroom teachers, districts with Latino gains and Black losses outnumber those with Black gains and Latino losses by greater than 2 to 1. In low Latino growth districts, Latinos outpace Blacks in competition for teacher positions, but in high Latino growth districts, Blacks outpace Latinos for administrator positions.
Coping With Confinement
Authors: Johnson Elizabeth I. , Easterling Beth A.
Published: November 2014

Theory and research suggest that parental incarceration is often a significant source of stress for children and adolescents. Understanding how young people navigate the stressors of parental incarceration can shed important light on well-being and inform intervention efforts, but little research exists on the coping strategies that young people use during and after a parent’s incarceration. Through in-depth interviews, this study explores how adolescents ( n = 10) cope with parental incarceration. Results suggest that most adolescents use some combination of three strategies: deidentification from the incarcerated parent, desensitization to incarceration, and strength through control. Results reveal variability in how young people cope with parental incarceration, and underscore the importance of future research on the implications of different strategies for well-being.
Role of Temperature in Mediating Morning and Evening Emergence Chronotypes in Fruit Flies Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Nikhil K. L. , Goirik Gupta , Ratna Karatgi , Sharma Vijay Kumar
Published: November 2014

Following decades of research under controlled laboratory conditions, there has been growing interest in the recent past to study circadian rhythms in nature. Recent studies conducted under natural conditions have been fruitful in exploring several characteristics of circadian rhythms that remained cryptic and previously masked under standard laboratory conditions, reemphasizing that the complexity of circadian rhythms in nature increases multifold under the influence of multiple zeitgebers. However, our understanding of the contributions of different zeitgebers in shaping various rhythm characteristics still remains elusive. Previously, Vaze et al. reported that chronotype differences between the morning emerging ( early) and evening emerging ( late) populations of Drosophila melanogaster are considerably enhanced under natural conditions compared to standard laboratory conditions. In the present study, we assess the role of 2 primary zeitgebers in nature—light and temperature—individually and in unison in driving chronotype differences. We report that when provided independently, temperature cycles enhance divergence between the early and late chronotypes more strongly than light, but when together, light and temperature appear to act antagonistically and that appropriate phase difference between light and temperature cycles is essential to promote chronotype divergence. Thus, our study highlights the importance of light and temperature, as well as their interaction with circadian clocks in mediating early and late chronotypes in fruit flies D. melanogaster.
Three misleading diaries: John Knyveton MD – from naval surgeon’s mate to man-midwife
Authors: Evans Martin H. , Hooper Geoffrey
Published: November 2014

This article re-examines three books published between 1937 and 1946: Diary of a Surgeon, Surgeon’s Mate and Man Midwife. They purported to have been edited and annotated by Ernest A. Gray from an old journal written by a John Knyveton (1729–1809) who had served as a surgeon’s mate in the Royal Navy between 1752 and 1762, after a short training in surgery in a London hospital. The books had been criticised and their authenticity doubted. Now additional errors have been revealed, making it certain that the books are essentially fictional and written in the twentieth century. Although drawing inspiration from a biography of the eighteenth century Dr Thomas Denman (1733–1815), and very readable, the stories are marred by errors, altered dates and events taken from other periods of time. These books have been cited by many writers and researchers who mistakenly believed them to be eighteenth century sources. We hope that this article will make their unreliability and fictitious content more widely known.
Cyberbullying
Authors: Bayraktar Fatih , Machackova Hana , Dedkova Lenka , Cerna Alena , Ševčíková Anna
Published: November 2014

Although the research on cyberbullying has increased dramatically in recent years, still little is known about how cyberbullying participant groups (i.e., cyberbullies, cybervictims, and cyberbully-victims) differ from one another. This study aims to discriminate between these groups at an individual and relational level by controlling for age and gender. Self-control, offline aggression, and self-esteem are analyzed as individual-level variables. Parental attachment and peer rejection are involved as relational-level variables. A total of 2,092 Czech adolescents aged 12 to 18 were enrolled from a random sample of 34 primary and secondary schools located in the South Moravian region of the Czech Republic. Discriminant function analyses indicated that the participant groups are discriminated by two functions. The first function increases the separation between cyberbullies and cyberbully-victims from cybervictims, indicating that cyberbullies and cyberbully-victims are similar to each other in terms of low self-control, offline aggression, and gender, and have higher scores on measures of low self-esteem and offline aggression. However, cyberbully-victims had the highest scores on these measures. The second function discriminates between all three groups, which indicates that those variables included in the second function (i.e., parental attachment, peer rejection, self-esteem, and age) distinguish all three involved groups.
The Intersection of Gender and Other Social Institutions in Constructing Gender-Based Violence in Guangzhou China
Authors: Thurston Wilfreda E. , Tam Dora M. Y. , Dawson Myrna , Jackson Margaret , Kwok Siu-Ming
Published: November 2014

Although violence against women is illegal in China, few studies have been published concerning this issue in that country. This article is part of a program of research undertaken in one province of China. The purpose of this study was to understand, from the perspectives of women who have experienced gender-based violence (GBV), the intersections of gender and other social institutions in constructing GBV in Guangzhou, China. The research question was as follows: For women who have been unfortunate enough to be with a partner who is willing to use abuse, how is gender revealed in their discussion of the experience? Women participants ( N = 13) were all over the age of 21, had experienced some form of abuse in an intimate relationship, and had lived in Guangzhou at least for a year prior to data collection. They had a variety of backgrounds and experiences. The majority spoke of GBV as common. “Saving face” was connected to fear of being judged and socially stigmatized which had emotional as well as material consequences. Eight situations in which social stigma existed and caused women to lose face were identified. Gender role expectations and gendered institutions played a part in family relationships and the amount of support a woman could expect or would ask for. The women in this study received very little support from systems in their society. A high proportion (67%) revealed symptoms of mental strain, and three talked about having depression or being suicidal. The results are discussed in terms of identifying the mechanisms by which systems interlock and perpetuate GBV.
Up through the cracks: Raoul Peck’s Moloch Tropical and the ghosts of Haitian history
Authors: Pressley-Sanon Toni
Published: November 2014

This article uses spatial metaphors that also hold political and cultural currency in Haiti as a lens through which to read Haitian filmmaker Raoul Peck’s 2009 feature film Moloch Tropical’s depictions of, and reflections and comments on Haiti’s socio-political and economic structures historically and contemporarily. The article posits that the film is very much about the ghosts of unresolved histories haunting the present. Through a reading of the gradual degeneration of the principle character, Jean de Dieu Théogène’s façade of control, the article argues that Peck uses the film as a pwen to not only expose past and current Haitian leaders’ usage of violence in the maintenance of power, but warn future ones against the practice.