bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Breath Velocity and Volume on Speaking, and Performance of Local Exhaust System as Prevention Measure of Infection
Authors: Yoshihara Jun , Yamanaka Toshio , Kobayashi Tomohiro , Choi Narae , Kobayashi Noriaki , Zhang Ren
Published: June 2023

This study proposes a novel approach combining a local exhaust ventilation system (LEV) and a whole underﬂoor air distribution system (WUFAD) in the consulting room. This study assumes that two persons (doctor and patient) are sitting face to face and talking without a mask in a simple room regarded as a consulting room. To model people talking, exhaled air velocity and volume from talking were required, so we estimated velocity speed using an ultrasonic anemometer and volume using a PET bag and mask. Then CFD steady analyses were carried out, setting various parameters (hood height, hood ﬂow rate, horizontal hood position, and ACH) using the breath experiment results. Capture eﬃciency and contribution distribution for the hood (SVE5: scale for ventilation eﬃciency 5) for tracer gas have been calculated. Infection risk for the doctor also has been calculated using the Wells-Riley model.

The estimation’s results showed that exhaled air velocity was 0.30m/s and volume was 5.2L/min from talking. The CFD results showed that hood flow rate significantly affected capture efficiency. SVE5 showed that ACH greatly inﬂuenced the hood’s eﬀective area. The infection risk for the doctor revealed that the combination of the LEV and WUFAD could protect doctors from infection risk under low supply conditions: 60 m3/h/person (6 ACH).
Experimental study on augmentation of mixing within a stratified indoor environment by erosion of density interface
Authors: Kabanshi Alan , Chocarro de Erauso Borja , Sandberg Mats
Published: June 2023

The current study aims to address the problem associated with warm air heating in passive houses. Warm air eating is cheaper and easy to operate in passive houses, however, this creates problems of shortcut ventilation and thermal discomfort due to stratification as warm air is confined to the ceiling. In the current study, we explore a new method of creating resonance between stratification frequency and the periodic variation of the ventilation supply frequency to increase mixing of the supplied warm air and the room air consequently destratifying the room conditions. A basic water model study is used to understand the interaction between the frequency variations and the resulting standing waves with stratification characteristics in a room. Measurements at three different input frequencies and at three input paddle locations have been performed, gathering vertical temperature gradients and visualization data from them. The results show the shift in the inversion point because of an increase augmentation across the inversion between the fluids with different densities close to resonance. There is also a dependency on paddle location showing that the type of ventilation system will have different mixing rates due to different fluid energetic behaviours.
Buoyancy-driven natural ventilation: The role of thermal stratification and its impact on model accuracy
Authors: Chew Lup Wai
Published: June 2023

Since the invention of mechanical ventilation systems, natural ventilation has been deemed inferior compared to active systems for ventilation of buildings. The recent COVID-19 pandemic and raising awareness of climate change issues have rekindled the interests in natural ventilation as a sustainable method for ventilation and pollutant removal. Modelling natural ventilation is challenging due to uncontrollable outdoor conditions. Simple models such as the well-mixed air model assume uniform indoor air temperature. However, thermal stratification can induce significant temperature differences in the vertical direction, thereby violating the well-mixed assumption. This study evaluates the performance of the well-mixed model, the two-layer stratification model, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models in predicting the indoor air temperature under buoyancy-driven displacement ventilation. Compared to experimental measurements, the well-mixed model significantly overpredicts the indoor air temperature without thermal stratification since it assumes a uniform indoor air temperature. The two-layer stratification model overpredicts the upper layer air temperature and underpredicts the lower layer air temperature. The CFD models can capture the trend of the thermal stratification of a gradual increase in temperature with height. However, the CFD models underpredict the indoor air temperature, possibly due to errors introduced by the assumption of adiabatic indoor surfaces. Since simplified models cannot resolve thermal stratification, high-fidelity models, such as CFD models, should be used to model natural ventilation. Experimental studies of natural ventilation should include measurements of the thermal stratification, as well as the temperatures or heat fluxes on the indoor surfaces so the results can be used to develop and evaluate numerical models.
Ceiling-Fan-Integrated Air Conditioning (CFIAC): Age-of-air, Air Pollution, and Airflow Distribution
Authors: Li Lu , Chen Wenhua , Zhang Hui , He Yingdong , Arens Edwards , Fung Jimmy C.H. , Lau Alexis K.H.
Published: June 2023

Ceiling-Fan-Integrated-Air Conditioning (CFIAC) is a heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) design approach that jets supply air into the vicinity of ceiling fans to be mixed and distributed within the room. This eliminates terminal ductwork and diffusers and provides very efficient cooling for the occupants. Two previously published papers have described the air velocity, temperature, and thermal comfort fields in a space conditioned by CFIAC. This paper is the third in this series, to evaluate CFIAC ventilation effectiveness and its effect on air pollution. In a test chamber, HVAC supply air was jetted from a high-sidewall vent into the centreline of a ceiling fan. The ceiling fan was operated at various conditions (off, level 2-downward, level 4-downward, and blowing upward). Carbon dioxide (CO2) was used as a tracer gas for the age-of-air evaluation, and as a proxy for an indoor air pollutant. For the age-of-air measurement, the CO2 source was injected into the side wall jet, and the age-of-air was monitored in various locations in the chamber. For the air pollution test, CO2 as the pollution source was released near a thermal manikin’s nose that was located in the middle of the chamber. The CO2 concentrations were measured at different locations around the ceiling fan and the thermal manikin. The ventilation effectiveness and health exposure are represented by the age-of-air and intake fraction (IF). At level 2 and level 4 downward fan operations, the age-of-air is reduced in the measured locations compared to the fan-off operation. The age-of-air for upward fan operation is equal to the age-of-air in fan-off operation, except for one location that is farthest from the fan. The IF results are very similar among all 4 fan operations, with level-4-downward and upward-fan operations slightly lower than the fan level-2 downward and fan-off operations. The study is considered preliminary, but at this point, we can say that fans reduce age-of-air and cross-infection risk.
Simulation case study of stack pressure impact on thermal load in high-rise buildings
Authors: Joe Jaewan , Choi Kwangwon , Park Semi , Park Jinhyung , Talib Abu
Published: June 2023

The reference building models in the EnergyPlus tool do not consider the stack effect. This is not an issue for small and low-rise buildings. However, this is significant in evaluating the heating and cooling load of high-rise buildings. This study evaluates and quantifies this stack effect in building energy simulation, EnergyPlus. The high-rise commercial building model in the EnergyPlus reference building set was used as a simulation test bed. The vertical multi-stories shaft zones were added inside the core zone in the existing building model. Then, the airflow network model was set in EnergyPlus so the internal airflow including the vertical and horizontal directions through the shaft zone as well as the core and perimeter zones were configured. The simulation model was calibrated against the actual pressure distribution between the core and perimeter zones in all floors of high-rise buildings from the literature. This model calibration was conducted manually by changing the discharge coefficient of the openings between thermal zones. The heating and cooling load of the proposed model were compared to the existing model which does not consider the vertical airflow through the shaft zones. The quantification with relative load mismatch was analyzed by floors and environment including the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor, and wind speed. Moreover, the impact of the air mixing and infiltration on the heating and cooling load was quantified. The result of this study reveals the significance of the stack effect in calculating the heating and cooling load.
Numerical approach to improve UVC radiation for air disinfection and investigation of the scalability
Authors: Brockmann Gerrid , Brandt Stefan , Kriegel Martin
Published: June 2023

This study simulates the inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 viruses by UVC radiation. A reference case is simulated with computational fluid dynamics, which is designed the same way as the experimental decentral air purifier test device to use valid boundary data. The UVC radiation sources are small LEDs. They are implemented on the inside faces of two penetrable baffles in the airway. The distance between the two baffles and the slots in the baffles will be altered. The number of open slots determines the flow structure in the light chamber. IF all slots are open the flow is straight through the chamber. In two other cases the flow is forming a vortex. The simulations have three goals: First, validate the CFD-model with experimental data. Second, maximizing the radiation on each simulated aerosol and reducing the pressure difference of the device. Third, is to show the scalability to larger HVAC devices. In this study a maximum UVC dose is reached with partly closed slots and short distance between the baffles. Generally, more slots reduce the pressure loss. Extending the light chamber increase the radiation dosage for straight flows, in the case of vortex flow the dosage decreases. The problem is scalable, the solution is only partly scalable.
Strategic schematic design process for realization of ultra-low-carbon buildings
Authors: Yoshioka Saya , Yoon Gyuyoung
Published: June 2023

The goal of the present research is to support decision-making in the schematic design phase for the realization of ultra-low-carbon buildings by improving the design procedures. Therefore, this research attempts to build an energy model that allows the designer to determine the equipment and specifications based on energy performance at the schematic design stage. Based on the schematic design outline, the present paper investigates whether the numerical targets that represent the energy performance of the building and the evaluation indexes that can be used at the schematic design stage are examined. In addition, recent system trends, decision specifications, and functions are investigated at the schematic design stage for each equipment item, thereby clarifying the decision level.
Research on Power Consumption Calculation Method for Refrigerating and Space Conditioning Considering Heat Balance in a Grocery store
Authors: Fujita Miwako , Narumi Daisuke
Published: June 2023

In grocery stores, spatial coordination and refrigerated display cases interact, making it difficult to study energy conservation through architectural ideas. The purpose of this research is to find the indoor enthalpy from the leaked heat of the display case and the space conditioning load, and to devise a method to calculate the energy of the store by combining the space conditioning load calculation and the refrigeration load calculation. In this study, we devised the following three points. 1. Store cooling load prediction method and power consumption calculation method using display case cooling load characteristics. 2. A generalized model for grocery store vertical temperature gradient using CFD analysis results. 3. Energy consumption calculation method considering the balance of the three loads of cooling, building and space conditioning. Then, we confirmed the validity by comparing with the measured values, and performed simulations under various conditions.
Energy-saving Renovation of Kyo-machiya Considering the Moisture Buffering Effect of Soil Walls
Authors: Liu Pei , Iba Chiemi
Published: June 2023

Kyo-machiya, a type of traditional townhouse in Kyoto, is considered as cultural heritage that needs to be preserved. However, the high air leakage due to its unique structure and poor thermal insulation because of its traditional appearance may lead to high heating energy consumption. Therefore, an appropriate energy-saving renovation technique is proposed. However, the lack of quantitative analysis hinders the establishment of effective renovation guidelines focused on the energy-saving and healthy indoor environments of Kyo-machiya. Previously proposed retrofits were conducted using conventional methods with limited effectiveness. The soil wall in Kyo-machiya has an impact on indoor environments and is considered as a significant feature, and its appearance is crucial for the residents. Also, the soil wall has a moisture-buffering effect. Therefore, the adoption of interior insulation should be considered with caution. In addition, high air leakage is not fully resolved via the conventional methods. In this study, we used a numerical model of a typical traditional Kyo-machiya to evaluate different renovation designs, including interior and exterior insulation, vapour/moisture proof solutions, and effectiveness of enhancing air tightness. Finally, we proposed a renovation plan based on the conventional methods, considering the balance between energy-saving and hygrothermal risk.
Fundamental Study on System Efficiency of Vacuum-based Membrane Dehumidification System
Authors: Kida Shion , Yoon Gyuyoung , Suzuki Shougo , Cheon Seong-Young , Cho Hye-Jin , Jeong Jea-Weon
Published: June 2023

In recent years, the sensible heat load of buildings has been decreasing due to the promotion of energy conservation, and the sensible heat factor is expected to decrease. In response, the conventional dehumidification method using overcooled condensation is likely insufficient to handle latent heat, and an advanced dehumidification method is required. The authors have focused these issues and development on a dehumidification method using membranes. Membrane dehumidification systems (MDS) are relatively simple, then it is expected to be next-generation dehumidification system. Therefore, to evaluate the energysaving performance of MDS, this study developed an energy consumption balance equation for a system that uses overcooled & reheating and MDS, and verified energy-saving performance under different conditions. The results of the study quantitatively showed the system efficiency (Specific energy consumption, vacuum pump consumption per unit of dehumidification) of MDS, which is the amount of energy saved by MDS compared to the conventional system under the specified COP of the cooled heat source equipment and reheating equipment. The system efficiency at which MDS is superior under different room sensible heat factors and membrane utilization methods are also clarified. This enables determining the required system efficiency when considering the introduction of a MDS, and understanding the conditions for introducing a system in which MDS is competitive.
Energy consumption characteristics in residential houses in Danang, Vietnam
Authors: Le Dung , Tanaka Ineko , Zhang Qingyuan
Published: June 2023

Residential energy consumption has been increasing significantly in Danang, Vietnam, in recent years due to improvement in living standards. In order to plan housing energy conservation measures, it is necessary to clarify housing information, people's lifestyles, energy consumption style and usage of energy equipment. The purpose of this study is to clarify the energy consumption characteristics for further energy simulation analysis in the next step. For this purpose, a questionnaire survey of 300 households in Son Tra district, Danang was conducted in March 2022. The power consumption data during 2019 - 2021 were obtained through the local Department of Electricity (EVN). An analysis was performed on the information collected to provide insight into the current energy usage in Son Tra. The results showed that the main factors of household that effect the energy consumption were number of air conditionners, outdoor temperature, number of storeys and family size. Through this study, basic documents for energy saving measures and policy making have been obtained; Energy saving measures will be considered through simulation in the near future as the next step.
Development of Sky-source Heat Pump System
Authors: Shioya Masaki , Shimo Taizo , Shiba Yoshiro , Masaki Ichiro , Ooka Ryozo , Tanaka Hideki , Ukai Makiko , Tsuchida Chisato , Yuzawa Hideki , Kondo Takesi , Tsurumi Ryuta
Published: June 2023

In order to realize a decarbonized society, which is an urgent global issue, the introduction of renewable energy is being expanded. Currently, renewable energy is mainly used to create electricity, such as via photovoltaic cells and wind turbines, while the high introductory costs of other renewable energy sources, such as solar and geothermal, is an impediment to its popularization. We have developed a high-efficiency, low-cost “Sky-sourced Heat Pump SystemⓇ (SSHPⓇ)” that utilizes renewable heat, and is operating at a demonstration site in eastern Japan. Unlike conventional air conditioning systems, our SSHPⓇ system is a unique water heat-sourced heat pump system which connects various renewable energy heat sources, such as solar, air, and geothermal heat, with air conditioning units and hot water heat pumps via a heat source water loop. Based on measurements taken from March 19 to August 28, 2022, and system simulations, primary energy consumption and CO2 emissions were significantly reduced by about 22%, or 32% when compared to typical electric heat pumps. The results indicate that the introduction of SSHP is highly effective.
Comparing the thermal performance of Living Lab monitoring and simulation with different level of input detail
Authors: Zinzi Michele , Botticelli Martina , Fasano Francesca , Grasso Paolo , Chiesa Giacomo
Published: June 2023

Dynamic envelope solutions are critical to achieve comfort conditions minimizing the need of active air conditioning systems, emphasizing the potential of thermal adaption of the building occupants. Dynamic systems are, however, difficult to be implemented in European building energy certification schemes, based on semi-stationary calculation method, standard uses and reference boundary conditions. In the attempt to develop a flexible and dynamic method able to reduce the performance gap between real and expected performance, this paper presents the comparison between measurements and simulations of a Living Lab office operated in thermal free floating, with different strategies for the solar protection and the night ventilative cooling. Simulations were performed using the dynamic platform PREDYCE, which allows for manipulating monitored and simulated data. The first phase was dedicated to the model calibration using the indoor air temperature as relevant indicator against monitored data. The coefficient of variation of the root mean squared error is in the 8-9% range. Building simulations of the calibrated model demonstrated a large variation of the results as a function of the input data, with increase of discomfort hour up to a factor 20 and a reduction of discomfort hours up to 95%.
Life Cycle Cost Assessment and Retrofit in Community Scale: A Case Study of Jordan
Authors: Hamdan Mohammad , Mirzaei Parham , Gillott Mark
Published: June 2023

In the last few years, the renovation and refurbishment of existing buildings have been recognized as one of the main strategies to achieve energy efficiency and sustainability goals. However, the current studies have mainly focused on the retrofit, life cycle assessment (LCA), and Life Cycle Cost (LCC) of buildings in isolation without envisaging the impact of microclimate and the surrounding buildings on the outcome of energy simulation. Specifically, many energy simulation software needs to include the environmental responses when buildings are treated with outdoor conditions based on weather data from the nearest metrological site. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impact of microclimate on retrofit and LCC of a community of buildings rather than a single isolated building. For this purpose, a coupling method is developed to integrate building energy simulation (BES) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD), which exchange parameters on a dynamic time step basis using Envi-met to create weather files from microclimate parameters and use it on energy simulation through DesignBuilder software. Furthermore, this study interlinks the life cycle cost assessment and retrofit strategies on a community scale. A case study of Amman – Jordan, is selected in this paper by one a residential building with two floors and an area of 450. At the same time, the retrofit strategy is considered as implementing green roofs for community areas, which are implemented in the context around the buildings. In addition, this study calculates the net present value and the pack period regarding the life cycle cost study. The initial result shows that there is an impact for microclimate parameters on the temperatures gained on the building's envelope as a result of the effect of airflow through context parameters, which in turn affect the value of energy consumption used for cooling inside the buildings. Moreover, this paper demonstrates that using green roofs on one of the neighbourhood buildings will decrease energy consumption by 28% in the simulated time while the payback period is 9.5 years.
Parametric Urban optimization by balancing energy performance and environmental quality applied to Residential Buildings in four different climates in Morocco
Authors: Nait-Taour Abdellah , Mghazli Mohamed Oualid , Idrissi Kaitouni Samir , Chafik Mustapha , Kourar Said , El Mankibi Mohamed
Published: June 2023

As a developing country, Morocco has maintained the same definition for social housing in the past decades. A definition where housing affordability triumphs over efficiency in both the building and exploitation phases. This paper aims to put together a rational design approach to minimize energy demands in social housing residential complexes. Thus, the project aims to improve on the quality of the subsidized social houses in the country. The analysis focuses on 4 thermal zones of the national thermal map, by working on 4 cities which are Agadir, Driouch, Marrakech and Meknes. Our main objective is to explore the trade-offs of different urban distributions on the overall energy performance in a residential complex. Henceforth, this approach puts together a parametric design methodology which allows automating the process of thermal and lighting simulation, using Grasshopper. The approach resulted in a total number of 5 994 iterations for each of the chosen regions of analysis. The project therefore explored the impact of chosen discrete values of various factors (Building Typology, Orientation, distance between buildings, Window/Wall Ratio) on the overall energy consumption and the natural light performance, by evaluating annual energy consumption, Monthly Load Matching Index, LMI, and Spatial Daylight Autonomy, SDa.
Study on development of EV charging services coupled with power system conditions using IoT technology
Authors: Imanaka Masaki , Baba Hiroyuki , Ogimoto Kazuhiko , Matsumura Jun
Published: June 2023

Deployment of electric vehicles (EVs) has been accelerated in many countries. However, for further deployment of EVs and their contribution to electrical power systems, various new services need to be implemented related to EVs and their charging, called “Place of Use” (PoU) services. The combined menu of the charging services has been proposed which bundles EV charging fees with home electricity bills. Settlement will be needed for such combined menu. This paper proposes the combined menu of EV charging with settlement of electricity. Technical feasibility of the settlement has been tested by EV charging testbed with the IoT-HUB technology. IoT-HUB is the virtual infrastructure which interconnects various connected devices and application by using “drivers” for each device. This paper also proposes a forecast method of EV charging demand for the settlement after the charging starts. The proposed method has reduced the forecast error of total charged energy compared to the simple method, but some of the forecast error has remained because of the variability of the charging time at the final step of state of charge.
Assessment of overhead environments on pedestrian thermal comfort in a dense urban district
Authors: Xu Lei , Gopalakrishnan Srilalitha , Schroepfer Thomas
Published: June 2023

Outdoor thermal comfort in urban environmental settings is often investigated at a small scale, e.g., in street canyons. Yet, pedestrian thermal comfort in a district is scarcely assessed, especially in terms of the comprehensive overhead environments such as sky openness, green coverage, and sun exposure. This study provides a systematic methodology to quantify the district-scale pedestrian thermal comfort performance considering overhead environments. Mobile transects were designed for data collection during peak hot hours within a medium-scale district. A portable weather station was used to measure outdoor thermal environments and a fisheye lens was to capture hemispherical images of overhead environments. A universal thermal comfort index, Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET), was subsequently calculated with the collected thermal environment data. Meanwhile, hemispherical images were segmented into areas of visible sky, overhead greenery, and sun, which were further weighed into corresponding view factors. Eventually, a multiple regression model was developed between PET and view factors together with meteorological variables. The results showed that a decrease in the sky view factor of 0.17 or an increase in the green view factor of 0.21 could reduce PET by 0.5°C. The findings scientifically support resilient urban planning in greening and cooling urban dense spaces for comfortable and liveable environments.
Investigation of outdoor thermal comfort and psychological adaptation in hot-humid climate of Qatar
Authors: Alattar Deema , Indraganti Madhavi
Published: June 2023

In the last few years, tremendous changes have taken place in Doha, the capital city of Qatar. These include rapid population growth, great improvements in education, the hosting of international events, and diverse economic development. All of these factors have led to an increase in the number of private cars in the city, leading to significant traffic congestion. To solve this problem, meet the goals of Qatar National Vision (QNV) 2030, and successfully sponsor the FIFA World Cup 2022, the Transport Master Plan for Qatar (TMPQ) 2006-2026 was developed. This includes introduction of a metro and rail system. Most of the people in Qatar have private cars, which they generally consider necessary for door-to-door trips. The currently existing public transportation system is mostly used by blue-collar workers. Therefore, in order to develop a successful public transportation system, it is crucial to examine people’s thermal perception of outdoor spaces, particularly in terms of microclimate, and people’s adaptive actions in response to Qatar’s hot climate. In this research paper, the thermal comfort issue was explored by considering both microclimatic measurements and people’s self-described perception of microclimate, as determined via questionnaire. The outcomes of the research reveal that psychological adaptation improves people’s thermal tolerance to the outdoor climate in Qatar, so that they are largely able to adapt successfully to the heat. However, the findings also show that people’s thermal comfort could be further enhanced through minor modifications to the outdoor environment.
Determination of individual I(V) characteristics of each sub-cell of a triple junction device
Authors: Longeaud Christophe , Alvarez José , Fanevamampiandra Herinirina , Bidaud Thomas , Hamon Gwenaëlle , Darnon Maxime , Gueunier-Farret Marie-Estelle
Published: June 2023

Very high conversion efficiency is reached with triple junction solar devices integrated in concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) modules. However, reduction of the active area for micro-CPV applications increases the perimeter/area ratio, enhancing losses linked to the edges. It is therefore important to characterize the perimeter influence on the final conversion efficiency. For this purpose, I(V) characterization under dark and/or light could be used as a test of the sidewalls influence. We have designed an experiment to perform I(V) curves using the light of three lasers with adjustable powers at 405, 785, and 980 nm, preferentially absorbed by the top, middle or bottom junction of the device, respectively. This experiment was applied to commercial devices made from a stack of GaInP/GaAs/Ge. In parallel we have developed a numerical calculation modeling the device to reproduce the behaviors observed during I(V) experiments. Junction parameters and influence of leakage resistances are deduced from the fit of experimental results with the numerical calculation. The I(V) experiment as well as the numerical calculation are presented in details. It is also underlined that, combining both experiment and calculation, the I(V) characteristic of each junction as if it was isolated can be determined.
The parasites of a successful invader: monogeneans of the Asian topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva, with description of a new species of Gyrodactylus
Authors: Ondračková Markéta , Seifertová Mária , Tkachenko Maria Yu. , Vetešník Lukáš , Liu Huanzhang , Demchenko Viktor , Kvach Yuriy
Published: June 2023

Monogenean parasites are often co-introduced with their fish hosts into novel areas. This study confirmed co-introduction of two dactylogyrids, Dactylogyrus squameus Gusev, 1955 and Bivaginogyrus obscurus (Gusev, 1955), and a newly described gyrodactylid species, Gyrodactylus pseudorasborae n. sp. into Europe along with their fish host, the invasive topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck & Schlegel) from East Asia. All three species were observed in the lower Dnieper and middle Danube basin regions and had slightly larger haptoral hard parts than the same parasites in their native range. While dactylogyrids occurred sporadically, we recorded regular infection by G. pseudorasborae n. sp. at relatively high prevalence and abundance. This latter species was observed in both the native and non-native range of topmouth gudgeon, and resembles Gyrodactylus parvae You et al., 2008 recently described from P. parva in China. Both species were distinguished based on genetic analysis of their ITS rDNA sequence (6.6% difference), and morphometric differences in the marginal hooks and male copulatory organ. Phylogenetic analysis of dactylogyrid monogeneans showed that B. obscurus clustered with Dactylogyrus species parasitising Gobionidae and Xenocyprididae, including D. squameus, supporting recent suggestions of a paraphyletic origin of the Dactylogyrus genus. In addition to co-introduced parasites, topmouth gudgeon was infected with a local generalist, G. prostae Ergens, 1964, increasing the number of monogeneans acquired in Europe to three species. Nevertheless, monogenean infections were generally lower in non-native host populations, potentially giving an advantage to invading topmouth gudgeon.
Malperfusion nach Aortendissektion - Management und Techniken
Authors: Öz Tugce , Rantner Barbara , Stana Jan , Stavroulakis Konstantinos , Peterß Sven , Pichlmaier Maximilian , Fernandez Prendes Carlota , Tsilimparis Nikolaos
Published: June 2023

Malperfusion stellt eine häufige Komplikation der Aortendissektion dar und erhöht die Letalität dieser tödlichen Erkrankung weiter. Eine effektive Behandlungsstrategie erfordert eine zeitnahe Diagnose anhand der Klinik und der verfügbaren Instrumente, das Verständnis des Pathomechanismus der Erkrankung und das Erkennen der leitliniengerecht empfohlenen Therapieoptionen sowie der diagnostischen und therapeutischen Innovationen des Forschungsgebiets. Die letztendliche Therapieentscheidung soll patienten- bzw. fallspezifisch gefällt werden. In dieser Arbeit haben wir die Malperfusion nach Aortendissektion nicht nur als Komplikation der Aortendissektion, sondern als eigenständiges Krankheitsbild betrachtet und wichtige Informationen zusammengefasst, die zu effizienten Therapieentscheidungen im klinischen Alltag beitragen können.
Erreichbarkeit der kardiologischen Versorgungsinfrastruktur im
Bundesland Brandenburg in Abhängigkeit des lokalen
Versorgungsbedarfs
Authors: Bergholz Andreas , Jaehn Philipp , Böckmann Robert , Reibis Rona , Spallek Jacob , Rapp Michael A. , Ritter Oliver , Demmerer Niklas , Holmberg Christine
Published: June 2023

Ziel der Studie Im bundesweiten Vergleich weist Brandenburg eine der
höchsten Morbiditäts- und Mortalitätsraten
ischämischer Herzerkrankungen auf. Die Erreichbarkeit der medizinischen
Versorgungsinfrastruktur gilt dabei als eine
Erklärungsmöglichkeit für regionale gesundheitliche
Ungleichheit. Demnach verfolgt die Studie das Ziel, die Distanzen zu
verschiedenen Versorgungsarten der kardiologischen Versorgung auf Gemeindeebene
zu berechnen und diese im Zusammenhang mit dem lokalen Versorgungsbedarf zu
betrachten.

Methodik Präventive Sportangebote, Hausärzte,
kardiologische Praxen, Krankenhäuser mit Herzkatheterlabor und
Einrichtungen ambulanter Rehabilitation wurden als wesentliche Einrichtungen
für die kardiologische Versorgung herangezogen und kartiert. Daraufhin
wurden die Distanzen über das Straßenverkehrsnetz vom
Mittelpunkt jeder Brandenburger Gemeinde zum nächsten Standort der
jeweiligen Versorgungseinrichtung berechnet und in Quintile eingeteilt. Mediane
und Interquartilsabstände des deutschen sozioökonomischen
Deprivationsindex und des Anteils der Bevölkerung über 65 Jahre
wurden als Proxys für den Versorgungsbedarf herangezogen und mit den
Distanzquintilen je Versorgungsart in Zusammenhang gesetzt.

Ergebnisse Für 60% der Brandenburger Gemeinden sind
Hausärzte innerhalb von 2,5 km, präventive Sportangebote
innerhalb von 19,6 km, kardiologische Praxen innerhalb von
18,3 km, Krankenhäuser mit Herzkatheterlabor innerhalb von
22,7 km und Einrichtungen ambulanter Rehabilitation innerhalb von
14,7 km erreichbar. Der Median des deutschen Deprivationsindexes steigt
bei allen Versorgungsarten mit zunehmender Distanz an. Der Median des Anteils
über 65-Jähriger zeigt keine nennenswerte Variation zwischen den
Distanzquintilen.

Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse zeigen für hohe
Bevölkerungsanteile teilweise große Distanzen zu spezialisierten
kardiologischen Versorgungsangeboten, während hausärztliche
Praxen für einen hohen Anteil erreichbar scheinen. In Brandenburg
scheint eine regionale und an lokalen Bedarfen orientierte
sektorenübergreifende Versorgung notwendig.
Recent Advances in Catalysis Using Organoborane-Mediated Hydride Abstraction
Authors: Melen Rebecca L. , Morrill Louis C. , Pulis Alexander P. , Gillions Joseph P. , Elsherbeni Salma A. , Winfrey Laura , Yun Lei
Published: June 2023

C–H functionalization is widely regarded as an important area in the development of synthetic methodology, enabling the design of more time- and atom-efficient syntheses. The ability of electron-deficient organoboranes to mediate hydride abstraction from α-amino C–H bonds is therefore of great interest, as the reactive iminium and hydridoborate moieties generated are able to participate in a range of synthetically useful transformations. In this review, we cover the recent advances made in organoborane-mediated hydride abstraction, and focus on the catalytic applications of electron-deficient boranes in α- or β-functionalization, α,β-difunctionalization, and the dehydrogenation of amines.

1 Introduction

2 α-Functionalization of Amines

3 β-Functionalization of Amines

4 α,β-Difunctionalization of Amines

5 Dehydrogenation of Amines

6 Summary and Future Prospects
Birmingham Royal Orthopaedic Hospital (BROH) Femoral Offset—An Ancillary Measure of Adult Dysplasia of the Hip
Authors: Iyengar Karthikeyan P. , Fitzpatrick John D. , Michalos Michail , McBryde Callum , Politis Angelos , Bache Ed , Wall Peter , Botchu Rajesh
Published: June 2023

Introduction Adult dysplasia of the hip (ADH) is a disorder of abnormal development of the hip joint resulting in a shallow acetabulum and uncovering of the femoral head. Several radiological measurements such as the Tönnis angle (acetabular index), lateral center edge angle of Wiberg, and cross-sectional imaging parameters exist to calculate hip dysplasia.

Aims The aim of this article was to describe a new ancillary linear measure of ADH on cross-sectional imaging, the Birmingham Royal Orthopaedic Hospital (BROH) Femoral offset.

Patients and Methods Anteroposterior radiographs of the pelvis and computed tomography imaging of 100 consecutive patients with suspected hip dysplasia were reviewed. Demographic details and clinical indications were recorded. Tönnis angle was utilized to measure hip slope on radiographs and the BROH femoral offset was calculated for each patient. Student's t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed. Intraclass correlation coefficient analysis was evaluated to assess the reliability between observers.

Results There was a total of 100 patients (128 hips) included in the study (60 with normal Tönnis angle, 53 had dysplasia, and 15 had decreased Tönnis angle). The average BROH femoral offset in the dysplastic cohort was increased in comparison to the normal cohort with a statistically significant p-Value of 0.0001. The p-value was 0.00031 on ANOVA. The BROH femoral offset calculation revealed good intra- and interobserver reliability of 0.9 and 0.9, respectively.

Conclusion The BROH femoral offset can be an additional index for measuring ADH that is easier to calculate, and reproducible with good intra- and inter-observer reliability on cross-sectional imaging.
Restraints Practices on Patients of the Psychiatric Wards in a Selected Hospital, Mangalore
Authors: Jayaprakash C S , Sequera Sonia Karen Liz , Battacharya Chanu
Published: June 2023

Background Restraints are one of the common procedures performed in various medical settings, especially intensive care units, and psychiatric wards. There are various forms of restraints, including chemical, physical, and mixed restraints. The primary reasons for using restraints are to prevent injury to the patient and others, and to reduce violent behavior in psychotic patients.

Objectives The aim of this article was to identify the types of restraints used for psychiatric patients and current restraint practices for patients in psychiatric wards of selected mental health facilities.

Methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among 100 psychiatric patients selected using purposive sampling techniques. An observational checklist was used to assess restraint practice in patients who met study criteria.

Results The majority of patients (44%) received chemical restraints, some (28%) received physical restraints, but a minority (28%) used mixed restraints. In terms of practice, most patients (91%) received reasonably safe restraint care. An association was found between practice of restraints and restraints type with a p-value (0.001) less than 0.05 at a significance level of 0.05.

Conclusions The development of mandatory practice protocols is critical for better nursing care.
Efficacy of Communication Skill Training on Knowledge and Skill of Nursing Students in Conveying Diagnosis to Patients with Cancer: A Pilot Study Approach
Authors: Prasad Viji , Naik Poonam , Ancheril Alphonsa
Published: June 2023

Introduction Procuring communication skills that enable nurses to be effective yet person-centeredness is increasingly a hallmark of quality cancer care. The growing importance of patient outcomes and experiences in health care may mean that communication skill training is finally getting the attention it so clearly deserves.

Objectives The main objectives of the study were to assess the efficacy of communication skill training on knowledge and skills of nursing students in conveying diagnosis to patients with cancer.

Materials and Methods Quasi-experimental pretest–posttest with control group research design was adopted for the study. A total of 32 third-year BSc nursing students (intervention group, 16; control group, 16) were selected by nonprobability purposive sampling technique from two selected colleges at Mangaluru. Baseline proforma, self-administered knowledge questionnaire, and breaking bad news assessment schedule were used for data collection. Tools were validated by 11 subject experts. Communication skill training was provided for 8 hours (2 hours of theory and 6 hours of skill training on conveying diagnosis). A blinding method was adopted to assess the skill of the students that enable to avoid subjectivity.

Results The mean age of participants in the intervention group was 20.56 and of participants in the control group was 20.94. All participants (100%) of both the intervention and control groups were females. The results showed there was a significant difference found in knowledge scores (t = 8.52, p = 0.000) between the intervention and control groups after the intervention. There was a significant improvement found in conveying diagnosis skills among students between the intervention and control groups in different time periods. There was a slight positive correlation found between pretest knowledge scores and eliciting concerns domain of conveying diagnosis skill (r = 0.57, p = 0.023).

Conclusion The study results revealed that communication skill training session was very effective for improving the knowledge and skills of students, and it enables them in providing quality care to patients with cancer through effective communication.
Does Adding the Pulmonary Infarction and Right Ventricle to Left Ventricle Diameter Ratio to the Qanadli Index (A Combined Qanadli Index) More Accurately, Predict Short-Term Mortality in Patients with Pulmonary Embolism?
Authors: Akhoundi Neda , Sedghian Sonia , Siami Alireza , Yazdani nia Iman , Naseri Zahra , Ghadiri Asli Seyed Mohammadsadegh , Hazara Reza
Published: June 2023

Background The Qanadli index can be used to assess the severity of pulmonary arterial involvement in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. However, it seems that considering pulmonary infarction and right ventricle/left ventricle (RV/LV) ratio along with this index (called the combined Qanadli index) can provide a more accurate view of changes in cardiovascular parameters in these patients and help predict mortality in a better manner. In this regard, we evaluated the ability of the combined Qanadli index versus the Qanadli index in predicting short-term mortality in patients with pulmonary embolism.

Methods This retrospective study enrolled 234 patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Patients were divided into two groups: those who expired in 30 days and who survived. Then they were evaluated by computed tomography angiography of pulmonary arteries. The RV/LV diameter ratio and also pulmonary artery obstruction index (PAOI) were calculated. The patient's computed tomography scans were reviewed for pulmonary infarction. By adding the RV/LV ratio and pulmonary infarction to PAOI, a new index called the modified Qanadli score was made. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression was done for finding predictors of mortality.

Results Nine cases (40%) of patients in the mortality group and 42 (20%) of survivors had ischemic heart disease and the difference was significantly meaningful. The mean Qanadli index in the mortality group was 16.8 ± 8.45 and in survivors was 8.3 ± 4.2. By adding the pulmonary infarction score and PAOI score to RV/LV ratio score, the odds ratio (OR) for predicting mortality increased significantly to 13 and 16, respectively, which were significantly meaningful. Based on our findings, the highest OR for predicting short-term mortality was obtained through a combined Qanadli index (PAOI score + pulmonary infarction score + RV/LV score) that was 17 in univariable and 18 in multivariable logistic regression analysis (p-value = 0.015).

Conclusion The new combined Qanadli index has more ability than the Qanadli index and RV/LV ratio for predicting changes in cardiovascular parameters and short-term mortality in patients with pulmonary embolism.
German Heart Surgery Report 2022: The Annual Updated Registry of the German Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
Authors: Beckmann Andreas , Meyer Renate , Lewandowski Jana , Markewitz Andreas , Blaßfeld Daniela , Böning Andreas
Published: June 2023

Based on a longtime voluntary registry, founded by the German Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (GSTCVS/DGTHG) in 1980, well-defined data of all cardiac, thoracic, and vascular surgery procedures performed in 78 German heart surgery departments during the year 2022 are analyzed. Under the decreasing interference of the worldwide coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, a total of 162,167 procedures were submitted to the registry. A total of 93,913 of these operations are summarized as heart surgery procedures in a classical sense. The unadjusted in-hospital survival rate for the 27,994 isolated coronary artery bypass grafting procedures (relationship on-/off-pump 3.2:1) was 97.5%. For the 38,492 isolated heart valve procedures (20,272 transcatheter interventions included) it was 96.9%, and for the registered pacemaker/implantable cardioverter-defibrillator procedures (19,531) 99.1%, respectively. Concerning short- and long-term circulatory support, a total of 2,737 extracorporeal life support/extracorporeal membrane oxygenation implantations, respectively 672 assist device implantations (L-/ R-/ BVAD, TAH) were registered. In 2022, 356 isolated heart transplantations, 228 isolated lung transplantations, and 5 combined heart-lung transplantations were performed. This annually updated registry of the GSTCVS/DGTHG represents voluntary public reporting by accumulating actual information for nearly all heart surgical procedures in Germany, constitutes advancements in heart medicine, and represents a basis for quality management for all participating institutions. In addition, the registry demonstrates that the provision of cardiac surgery in Germany is up to date, appropriate, and nationwide patient treatment is always available.
Stereotactic Radiosurgery as Treatment for Brain Metastases: An Update
Authors: Peña-Pino Isabela , Chen Clark C.
Published: June 2023

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a mainstay treatment option for brain metastasis (BM). While guidelines for SRS use have been outlined by professional societies, consideration of these guidelines should be weighed in the context of emerging literature, novel technology platforms, and contemporary treatment paradigms. Here, we review recent advances in prognostic scale development for SRS-treated BM patients and survival outcomes as a function of the number of BM and cumulative intracranial tumor volume. Focus is placed on the role of stereotactic laser thermal ablation in the management of BM that recur after SRS and the management of radiation necrosis. Neoadjuvant SRS prior to surgical resection as a means of minimizing leptomeningeal spread is also discussed.