bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Greedy Load Balancing Energy Efficient Routing Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Maratha Priti , Gupta Kapil
Published: April 2019

Background:

Despite so many constraints, the limited battery power of the sensor nodes
is the core issue in Wireless Sensor Networks. This compels how to extend the lifetime of the network
as long as possible. One of the ways to solve the problem is to balance the relay traffic load to
extend the lifetime.

Objective:

In this paper, a load balancing algorithm is suggested that selects the best possible relay
node so that uniform consumption of the battery power of the sensor nodes can be ensured.

Methods:

After random deployment, sensor nodes collect information about their neighbors and
their expected load. The selection of new next hop starts from maximum hop count. Next hop of the
nodes having a single parent is set first. Remaining nodes select their next hop in the non-increasing
order of their load.

Results:

Simulation results verify that packet delivery ratio for proposed work is up to 50% till 72%
of total time duration and no nodes getting dead till 48% of total time duration, while for others,
nodes start getting dead around 36% of total time duration. Also, it is proved that the solution obtained
by proposed work can be at most 1.5 times imbalanced as compared to the optimal solution
which implies our solution is quite near to the optimal one.

Conclusion:

Load balancing done in our work has shown more positive results in comparison to
others in terms of network lifetime and first node death and which is also verified with F-test with α-
value to be 0.05.
A Review of Multi-Objective Evolutionary Based Fuzzy Classifiers
Authors: Dwivedi Praveen Kumar , Tripathi Surya Prakash
Published: April 2019

Background:

Fuzzy systems are employed in several fields like data processing, regression,
pattern recognition, classification and management as a result of their characteristic of handling
uncertainty and explaining the feature of the advanced system while not involving a particular mathematical
model. Fuzzy rule-based systems (FRBS) or fuzzy rule-based classifiers (mainly designed
for classification purpose) are primarily the fuzzy systems that consist of a group of fuzzy logical
rules and these FRBS are unit annexes of ancient rule-based systems, containing the "If-then" rules.
During the design of any fuzzy systems, there are two main objectives, interpretability and accuracy,
which are conflicting with each another, i.e., improvement in any of those two options causes the
decrement in another. This condition is termed as Interpretability –Accuracy Trade-off. To handle
this condition, Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms (MOEA) are often applied within the design
of fuzzy systems. This paper reviews the approaches to the problem of developing fuzzy systems
victimization evolutionary process Multi-Objective Optimization (EMO) algorithms considering
‘Interpretability-Accuracy Trade-off, current research trends and improvement in the design of
fuzzy classifier using MOEA in the future scope of authors.

Methods:

The state-of-the-art review has been conducted for various fuzzy classifier designs, and
their optimization is reviewed in terms of multi-objective.

Results:

This article reviews the different Multi-Objective Optimization (EMO) algorithms in the
context of Interpretability -Accuracy tradeoff during fuzzy classification.

Conclusion:

The evolutionary multi-objective algorithms are being deployed in the development of
fuzzy systems. Improvement in the design using these algorithms include issues like higher spatiality,
exponentially inhabited solution, I-A tradeoff, interpretability quantification, and describing the
ability of the system of the fuzzy domain, etc. The focus of the authors in future is to find out the
best evolutionary algorithm of multi-objective nature with efficiency and robustness, which will be
applicable for developing the optimized fuzzy system with more accuracy and higher interpretability.
More concentration will be on the creation of new metrics or parameters for the measurement of
interpretability of fuzzy systems and new processes or methods of EMO for handling I-A tradeoff.
A Weighted Assignment Approach Using Recommendation Routing for Congestion Control in Wireless Sensor Networks-WEAR
Authors: Somayaji Siva Rama Krishnan , Thangavelu Arun Kumar
Published: April 2019

Background:

Congestion can happen in WSNs while congregating the information and sending it
towards the sink. It leads to increased packet delay, indiscriminate packet loss, severe fidelity degradation
and wasted node energy.

Objective:

The aim of the proposed work is to suppress congestion using a dynamic weight assignment
scheme, where each sensor node transmits the data in accordance to the weight assigned to it, thus ensuring
priority fairness and minimizing packet loss. The proposed congestion control technique shall boost the
overall performance of the system by supporting assured delivery of high importance events to sinks.

Methods:

Weights are assigned to each record based on two things, the delay in sending and receiving, and
the change in value of the variables passed by the nodes. If the difference in timestamp is below a threshold
(alpha) and the difference in the values is above a threshold (Beta), it gets a weight of W1, which is like a
high priority data record. Similarly, if the difference in timestamp is above a threshold (gamma) and the values
passed by the nodes have changed a negligible amount, that record is assigned a weight of W3, which is
the least priority.

Results:

From the analysis, it is inferred that proposed method had a higher throughput and the throughput
was equally distributed among all the participating nodes.

Conclusion:

The proposed method endeavours to avoid congestion by implementing an effective queuing
mechanism to reinforce definitive wireless communication.
IoT of Nextion X TFT ILI9341: Experimental Results and Comparative Survey
Authors: Bento Antonio Carlos
Published: April 2019

This study presents the results obtained in experimental and comparative research, between the Nextion and TFT devices ILI9341, carried out in 2017, focusing mainly on the positive and negative points presented by the different devices when using a touch screen display for Arduino. The methodology used to obtain the data was experimental research with the devices, applying for the systematic review, considering personal experience when using these types of equipment. After obtaining the data was proceeded to consolidate, categorize and analyze the quantitative and qualitative results. There was a perception about the results that point out the pros and cons on the different technologies, among these areas: the ease of creating interfaces to the screen; the ease of configuration and installation, as well as the quality of the products and their prices. In counterpoint, the Nextion device presented a higher cost compared to the TFT devices ILI9341, the main difference between the two devices is in: their prices; ease of solutions creation. In addition to the use of Arduino board resources, in these requirements, the devices Nextion presented better results, as presented in this study.
Internet of Things: An Applied Research on Automation for Lock Shield
Authors: Bento Antonio Carlos
Published: April 2019

This study presents results obtained in applied research, involving controller boards (Arduino), at the Nove de Julho higher education institution, in the courses of Computer Science in São Paulo. In 2018, focusing mainly on the positive and negative points presented by the statistical data of the public security office. The methodology used to obtain the data was experimental research based on results obtained in the newspaper Estadão of June 25, 2017. Every hour, a house is invaded in the State of São Paulo, according to data of the Public Security Secretariat, focusing mainly in the qualitative and quantitative results, seeking greater security for homes with tilting gates, avoiding fraud and cloning of locks. Creating new automation equipment, focused on security, its assembly is more complex and more structured than the simple control boards and controls for swing gates. Thus obtaining a safer drive with a high power against fraud, since the system is mounted on top of the controller boards (Arduino), this system achieved a higher degree of reliability than conventional systems.
El desarrollo de la democracia colombiana y sus efectos en el binomio Fuerzas Militares-ciudadanía
Authors: García Suárez Alba Lucia
Published: April 2019

El sistema democrático colombiano ha recorrido un largo camino desde los tiempos de la instauración de la República —pasando por la Constitución de 1991— hasta nuestros días. A partir del análisis del proceso de consolidación del sistema democrático a lo largo de la historia del Estado colombiano, se busca identificar la actual relación entre democracia, Fuerzas Militares y ciudadanía, en el marco de un Estado social de derecho. Para ello, se propone una explicación de los conceptos de democracia, Estado y soberanía (esta última, representada por la ciudadanía) y se muestran las complejidades y los retos implicados por la participación de esta última y del control civil en relación con las Fuerzas Militares (institución reconocida jurídicamente en la Constitución).
Revisión sistemática de la repercusión fisiológica de los cursos militares operacionales cortos para el soldado
Authors: Aparicio Gomez Daniel Fernando , Castro Jiménez Laura Elizabeth , García Muñoz Ana Isabel , Cubides Amézquita Jenner Rodrigo , Puentes Salazar Angélica María
Published: April 2019

Con el fin de identificar la repercusión fisiológica que tienen los cursos de combate en el soldado, se realizó una revisión sistemática de estudios sobre entrenamiento militar, tanto analíticos como experimentales, publicados entre 2008 y 2018 en revistas indexadas. Como resultado de la búsqueda, se encontraron 483 artículos, de los cuales, conforme a los criterios de inclusión, solo quedo un total de 48. Se concluyó que los cambios fisiológicos del soldado en cursos cortos evidencian, a nivel mundial, la importancia y beneficios del ejercicio en su vida como combatiente: el entrenamiento aumenta y mejora con frecuencia las condiciones biomecánicas y motoras. No obstante, la deprivación de sueño, el aporte hipocalórico y las sobrecargas exageradas afectan negativamente las condiciones biomecánicas y conllevan lesiones o enfermedades.
La expansión, intensificación y seducción del terrorismo islamista a través de internet: análisis criminológico
Authors: Cano Paños Miguel Ángel
Published: April 2019

La presencia del terrorismo islamista en internet ha cambiado cuantitativa y cualitativamente en los últimos años. Nunca, hasta ahora, había resultado tan fácil acceder a toda clase de propaganda extremista a través de la red, en general, y las redes sociales, en particular, gracias a la web 2.0. El objetivo declarado por parte de organizaciones como Estado Islámico es difundir una ideología y una subcultura de naturaleza extremista que justifica la violencia. Este grupo dirige su atención, sobre todo, a jóvenes musulmanes que habitan en la diáspora occidental. En tal contexto, este trabajo analiza la evolución de la presencia del terrorismo islamista en internet, para lo cual se enfoca en las medidas recientemente aprobadas en Europa para enfrentar esta amenaza de carácter ubicuo, difuso y, a la vez, tremendamente peligroso.
Psikologi Peluang Kewirausahaan: Proses Kognitif Pengusaha Startup Digital dalam Opportunity Recognition
Authors: Aruni Sadida Fatin , Hidayat Rahmat
Published: April 2019

Developed countries have at least 2% entrepreneurs from the total population of the country. However, Indonesia have a very low number of entrepreneurs as well as an increasing unemployment rate over the years. Recently, the development of entrepreneurship in Indonesia dominated by the growing number of digital startup. Moreover, Indonesia is a country with the largest number of digital startup in Southeast Asia. Initial psychological studies on entrepreneurship are focused on the personal characteristics of the entrepreneurs. However, conclusions from more than 30 years of research indicate that there are no special personality characteristics of entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs. In essence, the heart of entrepreneurship lies in the ability to recognize an opportunity. Opportunity recognition is a mechanism that happens in an individual’s cognitive process. Therefore, this study intended to reveal the cognitive processes that take place when entrepreneurs, in particular the founders of digital startups, in the identification of entrepreneurial opportunities. This research use think aloud protocol method with protocol analysis. Based on this research, we found that in the process of opportunity recognition, entrepreneurs focus their cognitive efforts on the market (demand) and technology (supply) as well as build relationships and meaningful patterns in these two aspects through structural relationship processing. This study provides an in-depth description of the cognitive processes that occur when entrepreneurs recognize entrepreneurial opportunities through structural alignment processes.
A PROSPECTIVE SURVEY OF APPROPRIATENESS OF PAIN PHARMACOTHERAPY MANAGEMENT IN POST-CESAREAN SECTION PATIENTS IN CIPTO MANGUNKUSUMO HOSPITAL
Authors: JOHAN  , INSTIATY  , NAFRIALDI  , PURWOSUNU YUDITIYA
Published: April 2019

Objective: In this study, we sought to assess the pattern of analgesic usage, adequacy of pain management, side effects, and analgesic drug interactionsin the post-emergency cesarean surgery setting.Methods: This was a prospective observational study of 80 patients who underwent emergency cesarean surgery at the Obstetrics and GynecologyDepartment of the Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSUPN-CM) between July 2015 and January 2016. Adequacy of painmanagement during the first 3 post-operative days was assessed using Pain Management Index. Relation between pain intensity during activities andrest with patient characteristic was assessed using Chi-squared test and Fischer’s exact test.Results: Nineteen patients (8.7%) were prescribed two types of nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs concomitantly, and 41.8% received inappropriateanalgesics at a lower frequency. Most patients experienced pain with numerical rating scale score >3 in the first 24 h post-surgery: 59 patients(73.75%) experienced pain during activities and 7 patients (8.75%) during rest.Conclusion: Post-emergency cesarean surgery pain management at RSUPN-CM was not optimal. Most patients did not receive adequate painmanagement in the first 24 h post-surgery.
IN VITRO ANTIMALARIAL POTENCY OF ELEUTHERINE BULBOSA AND ITS EFFECT ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM
Authors: N LUH SESOTYANING , LOUISA MELVA , ASTUTY HENDRI , SYAFRUDDIN DIN , ASIH PUJI BUDI SETIA
Published: April 2019

Objective: This study aimed to determine the potential inhibitory effects of Eleutherine bulbosa on the growth of Plasmodium falciparum and its toxiceffects on lymphocyte cells.Methods: We performed a 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) test of E. bulbosa against P. falciparum, used transmission electron microscopy (TEM)to observe Plasmodium morphology after exposure to E. bulbosa, and determined E. bulbosa’s cytotoxic concentration 50% (CC50) against lymphocytes.Results: The IC50 value of E. bulbosa was 0.62 μg/ml. We observed crystals in the mitochondria of parasites under TEM. CC50 values at 24 h and 72 hwere 851.14 μg/ml and 707.94 μg/ml, respectively.Conclusion: The main content of E. bulbosa is naphthoquinones that are suspected of having a mitochondrial target on the malaria parasite. E. bulbosais not toxic to lymphocytes; therefore, it has a potential as an antimalarial therapeutic.
EFFECT OF JAVANESE TURMERIC ETHANOL EXTRACT ON THE ERADICATION OF CANDIDA ALBICANS BIOFILMS IN EARLY, INTERMEDIATE, AND MATURATION PHASES
Authors: BELATRIX BETA , PUSPITAWATI RIA , DJAIS ARIADNA ADISATTYA
Published: April 2019

Objectives: The aim of this research was to observe the effect of Javanese turmeric ethanol extract (JTEE) on the eradication of Candida albicans invarious phases of biofilm development.Methods: C. albicans biofilms were exposed to JTEE at a concentration 1–45% for 1 h. Cell viability was tested by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, and the wavelength was read at 570 nm.Results: The results showed that the 50% minimal biofilm eradication concentration was 30% in the early phase, 20% in the intermediate phase, and25% in the maturation phase of the biofilm. The eradication percentage increased along with increasing JTEE concentration, but decreased with theage of the biofilm.Conclusion: We concluded that JTEE has the potential to eradicate C. albicans biofilms in various phases of development.
EFFECTIVENESS OF IDENTIFIED JAVANESE TURMERIC ETHANOL EXTRACT FOR THE INHIBITION OF BIOFILM FORMATION BY STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS AND PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS
Authors: MARPAUNG LIZA NOAH FEBRIANA , SUNIARTI DEWI FATMA , SARWONO AGOENG TJAHAJANI
Published: April 2019

Objective: To study the effectiveness of identified Javanese turmeric ethanol extract (IJTEE) against single and combined biofilm formation byStreptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis.Methods: S. mutans ATCC 25175 and P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 were tested for the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidalconcentration (MBC) of IJTEE using microdilution technique. The inhibition of biofilm formation by IJTEE was analyzed using crystal violet assay.Results: MIC and MBC of IJTEE for S. mutans were 5% and 15%, respectively. MIC of IJTEE for the biofilm of S. mutans was 1% and for that ofP. gingivalis was 15%; the MIC of IJTEE for the combined biofilm was 0.5%.Conclusion: IJTEE was effective in inhibiting single and combined biofilm formation by S. mutans and P. gingivalis.
COMPARISON OF HUMAN PLATELET LYSATE AND FETAL BOVINE SERUM IN CULTURE MEDIA FOR HUMAN DENTAL PULP STEM CELL PROLIFERATION
Authors: ASRIANTI DINI , MARGONO ANGGRAINI , SWASTININGTYAS SILVIANA , ASRI ILMILDA SANDY RATNA , USMAN MUNYATI
Published: April 2019

Objective: Ex vivo and in vitro cell cultures require a basal medium with added supplements containing growth factors, proteins, and enzymes tosupport attachment, growth, and proliferation. Fetal bovine serum (FBS) is used to supplement cell culture media. However, human platelet lysate(hPL) represents an attractive alternative as it is nonxenogeneic.Methods: Human third molars were collected from six healthy donors (19–35 years old) with no history of regular alcohol consumption or smoking.Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) at the second passage were divided into two culture media groups, 10% FBS and 5% hPL, as well as a controlgroup after 24 h of serum starvation. A flow cytometry analysis was conducted to measure CD90, CD105, CD73, CD34, CD45, and Human LeukocyteAntigen-DR isotype (HLA-DR). Cellular proliferation was evaluated on days 1, 3, and 5.Results: The flow cytometry analysis revealed that the majority of the cells expressed positive mesenchymal stem cell surface markers, includingCD73 (98.5%), CD90 (98.3%), and CD105 (71.0%), and lacked CD34, CD45, and HLA-DR. There were significant differences among the 5% hPL, 10%FBS, and control groups on days 1, 3, and 5.Conclusion: For a nonxenogeneic culture, 5% hPL can be used as an alternative in culture media for hDPSC proliferation.
EFFECTIVENESS OF SILVER DIAMINE FLUORIDE AND PROPOLIS FLUORIDE VARNISH APPLICATION ON DENTIN WITHIN 60 DAYS
Authors: SOEKANTO SRI ANGKY , DAYANARA PRISCILLA , DAVIQ HABLI , SARWONO AGOENG TJAHAJANI , SAHLAN MUHAMAD
Published: April 2019

Objective: This study sought to analyze the effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and propolis fluoride (PPF) varnish application on dentinwithin 60 days.Methods: We divided 60 blocks (4 mm × 4 mm × 2 mm) of human permanent teeth dentin specimens into six time-based groups: 0 days, 1 day, 7 days,14 days, 30 days, and 60 days. We then applied 20 μL SDF and PPF varnish to the specimens’ occlusal surfaces. For the fluoride test, all specimenswere submerged in deionized water, while for the flavonoid test, specimens were submerged in a solution of 20% ethanol. In the treatment group,specimens were shaken for 30 min at 45 rpm (every day) for 0–60 days, depending on group assignment. An ion selective electrode was used tomeasure fluoride ions and a spectrophotometer with 425 nm wavelength absorbance measured flavonoid absorbance. Dentin microhardness wasmeasured for 30 and 60 days sample using the Vickers microhardness tester.Results: There was an increase in fluoride ion concentration after SDF and PPF application to the dentin samples, while SDF released more fluorideions than PPF. Increased flavonoid absorbance was observed after PPF application. Dentine microhardness increased after SDF and PPF application.Conclusion: SDF and PPF application on dentin is effective within 60 days.
BIOFILM FORMATION OF CANDIDA ALBICANS EXPOSED TO ETHANOL EXTRACT OF PROPOLIS
Authors: DJAIS ARIADNA ADISATTYA , . JEMMY , PUTRI NADHIFA , PUTRI ANDIN RAHMANIA , DARWITA RISQA RINA , BACHTIAR BOY MUCHLIS
Published: April 2019

Objective: Propolis extract showed an excellent in vitro performance against yeast and was additionally found to be fungistatic and fungicidal. Propolisextract is also used for treatment and prevention of fungal infections. However, its effectiveness against Candida albicans biofilm formation requiresinvestigation. The study evaluated the ability of propolis to inhibit C. albicans while the fungus is growing as a biofilm in vitro.Methods: Two reference strains, C. albicans ATCC 25923 and a clinical strain (laboratory stock), were used in this study. For the biofilm experiment,the fungi were cultured in Tryptic Soy Broth medium with 1% sucrose and incubated at 37°C for 24 h, and different concentrations of ethanol extractof propolis were used as the inhibitor agents. Biofilm assays were performed in 96-well microtiter plates, quantification of the total biofilm biomasswas performed using a crystal violet staining method, and the Student’s t-test was chosen for statistical analyses.Results: Our data showed that 3 h incubation with propolis did not affect the biomass in the experimental group compared to the control. When theincubation time was extended to 18 h, the biomass increased significantly compared to the control.Conclusion: This study showed that several concentrations of propolis did not inhibit biofilm. However, in each incubation time, we observed nohyphal morphology in the biofilm mass. Propolis might attenuate the opportunistic virulence of fungus growing as a biofilm in vitro. Further studiesare necessary to confirm this phenomenon.
BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN-2 AND COLLAGEN TYPE 1 FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES OF DEMINERALIZED DENTINE MATRIX: RELEASE KINETIC AND CHEMOTAXIS POTENTIAL FOR OSTEOPROGENITOR CELLS
Authors: BAO JIBO , HE JUN , LI ZILIANG , YANG RONGQIANG , ZOU JINYANG , DING YIXIN , NIU TAO , XIE ZHIGANG , SERIWATANACHAI DUTMANEE
Published: April 2019

Objective: To investigate the release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and collagen type I proteins (COL1) from different sources ofdemineralized dentine matrix (DDM) and their chemotaxis to mouse osteoprogenitor cells.Methods: The release kinetic of BMP-2 and COL1 was measured from custom-made DDM (CMDDM) and commercially available DDM (CADDM).Using Urist physicochemical method, CMDDM was collected from the extracted teeth in a certified dental clinic. Levels of BMP-2 and COL1 releasedwere measured at days 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13. Next, mouse osteoprogenitor cells, MC3T3-E1, were cultured with a variety of materials as follows:CMDDM, CADDM, Bio-Oss®, and blank control in transwell system. The number of cell migration was determined by crystal violet staining to explorechemotaxis of different DDMs to mouse osteoprogenitor cells.Results: BMP-2 was detected at 588.32 ± 14.53 pg/ml from 5 g of CMDDM. In the release kinetic assay, the concentration of BMP-2 in the CMDDMgroup increased rapidly and peaked at 113.9 pg/ml on day 5, almost four times higher than that of CADDM. The release of COL1 showed similarpattern in both CMDDM and CADDM; however, the amount was significantly higher in the CMDDM group. In cell culture experiment, the number ofmigrated MC3T3-E1 was ranked as the highest in CMDDM, followed by CADDM and Bio-Oss® (p<0.05).Conclusion: CMDDM released BMP-2 and COL1 greater than CADDM, which can induce more osteoblast-like cell migration. These results demonstrateda release kinetic of proteins and osteoinductivity of CMDDM, which supports a benefit of using autogenous bone graft.
HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF L-CITRULLINE AGAINST DOXORUBICIN-INDUCED LIVER DAMAGE IN RATS: AN ANALYSIS OF SERUM BIOMARKERS
Authors: GOTAMA KELVIN THEANDRO , SOETIKNO VIVIAN , LOUISA MELVA , AROZAL WAWAIMULI
Published: April 2019

Objective: The antineoplastic agent doxorubicin (DOX) is known for causing liver toxicity. Its metabolism in hepatocytes causes oxidative stress, which,in turn, induces DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, ATP depletion, and apoptosis. L-citrulline (CIT), a commonly found agent in fruits like watermelon,has piqued interest due to its antioxidant properties. In the body, CIT is converted to nitric oxide, which has been shown to mitigate hepatic injuryby scavenging free radicals, improving hepatic sinusoidal microcirculation, and inhibiting neutrophilic infiltration. This study aims to investigate CITability to prevent DOX-induced hepatotoxicity.Methods: A total of 20 Wistar rats were randomized to receive either DOX (10 mg/kg BW) or NaCl 0.9%. DOX-intoxicated group was further randomizedto either received low-dose CIT (300 mg/kg BW), high-dose CIT (600 mg/kg BW), or aquadest. CIT was given orally for 6 days and DOX throughintraperitoneal injection on days 4 and 5. Serum was obtained and hepatotoxicity was assessed with serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). Statistical analysis was done with one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test.Results: Serum ALT, AST, and GGT were increased significantly compared to that of normal group. CIT administration in both the doses could decreasethe serum levels of ALT and AST significantly compared to that of DOX group. In this study, CIT in both the doses could reduce the serum levels of GGTcompared to that of DOX group though not statistically significant.Conclusions: This study suggests that CIT exerts hepatoprotective effect, as evident by the attenuation of serum biomarkers.
ANALYSIS OF BONE IMPLANT TO CONTACT VALUE USING SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE IN POST IMMEDIATE IMPLANTS WITH ADDITION OF GEL-EXTRACTED ROSELLA FLOWER
Authors: DHARMAUTAMA MOHAMMAD , THALIB BAHRUDDIN , SUSANIAWATY YULI , DAMMAR IRFAN , MIR ANDI ADYTHA
Published: April 2019

Objective: The objective of the study was to analyze the difference of bone to implant contact (BIC) value post-immediate implants with or withoutinjecting rosella flower extracts gel in mongrel.Methods: A total of 18 implants were inserted in 9 mongrel’s dog. The implant was divided into two groups. The first one (test implant) was implantedimmediately after injection of gel-extracted rosella flower 10%, while another group (control implant) was implanted immediately after the toothextraction. The histomorphometry analysis was done after 14, 28, and 56 days to find out the BIC value.Result: The mean value of BIC rosella group was 63.44% and the mean value of the control group was 52.11%, with p=0.041.Conclusion: Rosella flower extract is able to shorten the inflammatory phase after implantation, accelerate and expand bone growth by spurringcollagen deposition as well as inhibiting osteoclast activity.
EFFECTIVENESS OF A JAVANESE TURMERIC ETHANOL EXTRACT FOR ERADICATING STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS AND PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS BIOFILMS
Authors: SUNIARTI DEWI FATMA , SARWONO AGOENG TJAHAJANI , ROSYANA MARINA
Published: April 2019

Objective: We aimed to determine the effectiveness of an identified Javanese turmeric ethanolic extract (IIJTEE) for eradicating biofilms formed byStreptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, or both.Methods: Such biofilms during different growth phases were exposed to various concentrations of an IJTEE to determine its effects on bacterialproliferation.Results: The effectiveness of the IJTEE in eradicating the S. mutans biofilm was concentration-dependent but not when used to treat P. gingivalis andS. mutans - P. gingivalis biofilms.Conclusion: The effectiveness of the IJTEE for eradicating biofilms formed by S. mutans, P. gingivalis, and S. mutans plus P. gingivalis biofilms dependedon the growth phase of the biofilm. Thus, IJTEE eradicated biofilms formed by S. mutans, P. gingivalis, or both.
EFFECTS OF HONEY PROPOLIS CANDY CONSUMPTION ON MYELOPEROXIDASE ACTIVITY IN UNSTIMULATED SALIVA
Authors: SEPTIANI RATU ANNISA , SOEDARSONO NURTAMI , SOEKANTO SRI ANGKY
Published: April 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the effect of honey propolis candy consumption on myeloperoxidase activity in unstimulatedsaliva.Methods: Myeloperoxidase activity was analyzed in saliva using the absorbance value measured with a microplate reader at a wavelength of 450 nm.Measurements were carried out by observing the color change from the oxidation reaction of 3,3-diaminobenzidine and guaiacol.Results: The honey propolis candy and honey candy groups showed an increase in myeloperoxidase activity after treatment, although the change didnot reach the level of statistical significance. The mean change in myeloperoxidase activity was not significantly different between the three groups.Conclusions: Honey propolis candy does not have a strong effect on myeloperoxidase activity.
THE EFFECT OF MOUTHWASH COMBINATION OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN-Y ANTI-COMD STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS AND CHITOSAN ON THE FORMATION OF STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS BIOFILM
Authors: BACHTIAR ENDANG WINIATI , APRITANTIA DETA , SARWONO AGOENG TJAHAJANI , BACHTIAR BOY M , SOEJOEDONO RETNO D , WIBAWAN I WAYAN TEGUH
Published: April 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of immunoglobulin Y (IgY) antibodies as a dental caries vaccine by utilizingIgY specific to the quorum-sensing signaling receptor ComD of Streptococcus mutans combined with chitosan in the form of mouthwash.Methods: The effects of a mouthwash containing IgY anti-ComD S. mutans with and without chitosan on biofilm-forming isolates of S. mutans wereinvestigated. Subjects were assigned to rinsing twice daily for 6 days with 15–20 ml mouthwash solution for 30 s. Biofilm formation of S mutansisolated from the patiens was measured using a crystal violet method to determine the optical density at 490 nm.Results: The results indicated that mouthwash containing IgY anti-ComD S. mutans and chitosan significantly enhanced the biofilm formation ofS. mutans. In mouthwash containing IgY anti-ComD S. mutans without chitosan, a reduction in biofilm formation was observed; however, this was notstatistically significant.Conclusions: The mouthwash combination of IgY anti-ComD S. mutans and chitosan enhanced the biofilm formation ability of S. mutans isolated fromcaries and caries-free subjects. Further, research is needed to determine the appropriate concentrations of IgY anti-ComD S. mutans and chitosanrequired to effectively inhibit dental caries.
EFFECT OF PROPOLIS HONEY CANDY CONSUMPTION ON THE ACTIVITY OF LACTOPEROXIDASE IN STIMULATED SALIVA
Authors: RAHMI SYARIFAH , SARWONO AGOENG TJAHAJANI , SOEKANTO SRI ANGKY
Published: April 2019

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effect of propolis honey candy consumption on lactoperoxidase (LPO) activity in stimulated saliva.Methods: Stimulated saliva samples were collected from subjects before and after propolis honey candy consumption twice a day for 7 days, and theLPO activity was measured by optical density using a microplate reader.Results: The LPO activity before and after propolis honey candy consumption was found to be 0.010 and 0.013, respectively.Conclusions: A statistically significant increase in the LPO activity after propolis honey candy consumption was observed (Wilcoxon test; p <0.05).
EFFECT OF NIGELLA SATIVA SEED EXTRACT ON THE VIABILITY OF CANDIDA GLABRATA
Authors: DIBA FARAH , FARIDA RATNA , REDJEKI SRI
Published: April 2019

Objective: Candidiasis is a common opportunistic infection of the oral cavity caused by a yeast-like fungus called Candida. Candida glabrata is thesecond most frequently isolated species from this condition, after Candida albicans. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Nigella sativa (blackcumin), known to possess antifungal properties, on the viability of C. glabrata.Methods: C. glabrata was added to a 96-microwell plate that was coated with artificial saliva and exposed to various concentrations (6.25%, 12.5%,25%, and 50%) of N. sativa seed extract; amphotericin B (250 mg/mL) was used as the positive control and 200 μL of yeast nitrogen base medium asthe negative control. The viability percentage of C. glabrata was determined by MTT assay.Results: The results showed that the viability values of C. glabrata were lower after exposure to the N. sativa seed extract when compared with thenegative control.Conclusion: The viability of Candida glabrata was decreased with increasing concentrations of the extract.
OBSERVATIONAL STUDY ON POISON CASES IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: A. RAMYA , G. ANDHUVAN , V. RAGHUPATHI
Published: April 2019

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence, pattern, and cause of poisoning. To characterize the poisoning cases admitted in a tertiary care hospital; followed by the outcome and to observe the antidote given for the poison cases.

Methods: This observational study was undertaken in emergency departments (EMD) and Medical Record Department (MRD). Totally 557 poison cases was recruited in this study. Grade of poison was assessed by using poison severity score. Statistical analysis was done by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).

Results: A total of 557 poison cases were identified in 2, 39, 828 patients out of which 360(64%) were suicidal and 189(34) cases admitted were accidental. The patients who were admitted between 2-5 h after exposed to poison were found to be more followed by 0-1 hr,>1-2 h,>6-24 h,>24 h and>5-6 h. More number of cases were seen in the others (Synthetic cow dung powder and medicine) type of poison 296(53%) followed by household poisoning 93(17%), bites 86 (15%), insecticide poisoning 64(12%) and food poisoning 16(3%). Activated charcoal was the maximum used antidote.

Conclusion: Through this study, it was found that suicidal poisoning was the most common type.
MEDICINES WASTE POLICIES AND THE POPULATION KNOWLEDGE IN BRAZIL
Authors: ROCATTO ELISANGELA MORAIS , BELARDO THAIS MOURA GASCON , ANDRADE ISMAEL FERNANDES , FONSECA FERNANDO L. A. , REIS MIRIAM MARQUETE , RAMOS ODAIR , AMARAL JOICE ANAIZE TONON DO , AZZALIS LIGIA AJAIME , JUNQUEIRA VIRGINIA , SALATINI RENATA , RAIMUNDO RODRIGO DAMINELLO , CARVALHO TATIANA DIAS DE
Published: April 2019

Objective: To investigate the degree of knowledge of the patients enrolled in the Unified Health System of the Medicine School of ABC (Faculdade de Medicina do ABC) regarding the proper use and disposal of medicaments.

Methods: Participants were recruited for convenience, during their medical appointments at the clinic of the Medical School of ABC (Santo André, Sao Paulo, Brazil) in the period from 04 August to 30 September 2014. Data collection was conducted through a self-administered poll designed specifically for the purpose of this study, which consisted of 25 questions multiple choice about socioeconomic issues and the subject disposal of drugs, consumption and environmental pollution.

Results: We selected the 140 patients’ polls. Most of them is of white ethnicity (58%) and female (58%). Level of education: 31% have completed secondary education (31%) or incomplete graduation (19%). Most of the participants (76%) buy drugs without a prescription, and most families (76%) seek understanding by reading the labels. 71.43% reported knowing that incorrect disposal of drugs could contaminate the environment, but 78% reported never having seen or received information about these. After using, 22.15% maintains the medication at home for future use, 55% of subjects reported improper disposal sites and 13% are delivered in health care institutions.

Conclusion: Our study has showed that most participants inappropriately use and dispose of drugs, even though they know they can contaminate the environment.
Esculturas de acero: observaciones de corrosión e inhibición mediante una cámara de niebla salina, sensores y un microscopio de bajo costo
Authors: Novoa Jerez José Enrique , Alfaro Guerra Marco Antonio , Alfaro Alcaíno Ignacio Antonio
Published: April 2019

La presencia de partículas de NaCl en el aerosol marino produce corrosión en esculturas de acero de interés patrimonial, valor artístico y arquitectónico. Es aquí donde la observación de la corrosión utilizando una cámara de neblina, sensores y un microscopio de bajo costo  podría permitir su estudio, junto con  la ventaja de poder desarrollar proyectos en conjunto entre carreras de Pedagogía en Química con carreras de Pedagogía en Historia y Geografía y Pedagogía en Matemáticas y Computación, además del estudio de las propiedades anticorrosivas de Metamizol frente al acero al carbono sometido al aerosol marino en la cámara de neblina mediante la utilización de fotomicrografías.
The influence of plasticizers on the properties of gypsum binders activated in vortex layer apparatus
Authors: Ibragimov Ruslan A. , Korolev Evgeny V. , Deberdeev Timur R.
Published: April 2019

Introduction. The article presents the results of a study to determine the influence of introduction method, type and concentration of plasticizing additives on the structure parameters and properties of gypsum stone obtained using gypsum cement treated in a vortex layer apparatus. Materials and methods. The G-5 BII gypsum cement was used for the investigation. The physicomechanical properties of the gypsum stone were determined in accordance with standard procedures, specific surface area was determined by air permeability, X-ray patterns were taken by means of the D2 Phaser diffractometer. Results. The data were obtained from 11 compositions of gypsum binder processed in the vortex layer apparatus and compared with a reference composition in the sense of the specific surface of the binder, mineralogical composition and physicomechanical characteristics of the gypsum stone. Conclusions. As a result of the investigation, it was revealed that the processing of the gypsum binder in the vortex layer apparatus leads to an increase in the specific surface up to 2 times. Modification of gypsum with MF superplasticizer significantly increases the ultimate compression strength (by 323 %) and bending strength (by 218 %) of the gypsum stone, as compared with the initial composition. Meanwhile the combined activation of gypsum with superplasticizers leads to a sharp decrease in strength and a significant slowdown in hydration. The greatest increase in the strength of the gypsum stone is observed when modifying activated gypsum. So, depending on the type of superplasticizer, the compression strength increases by 100 to 302 %, and bending strength by 86 to 218 %. Also this significantly reduces the gypsum stone overall porosity (down to 23 %) and softening coefficient (down to 51%).
A RARE CASE OF EWING’S SARCOMA OF THE THORACIC SPINE
Authors: Andropova P. L. , Gavrilov P. V. , Makogonova M. E. , Malamashin D. B.
Published: April 2019

Ewing’s sarcoma is a malignant tumor, with an extremely aggressive growth pattern and a high risk of metastasis. In our work we demonstrated a case of primary lesion of Ewing’s sarcoma of the thoracic vertebra in a 10-year-old girl. Localization, in this situation, the tumor poses a serious threat to the development of neurological deficits, which is associated with a high need for early recognition of this neoplasia with the help of modern methods of radiation diagnosis (computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, SPECT).
Glucose Variables in Type 1 Diabetes Studies With Dapagliflozin: Pooled Analysis of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Data From DEPICT-1 and -2
Authors: Mathieu Chantal , Dandona Paresh , Phillip Moshe , Oron Tal , Lind Marcus , Hansen Lars , Thorén Fredrik , Xu John , Langkilde Anna Maria ,   on behalf of the DEPICT-1 and DEPICT-2 Investigators
Published: April 2019

OBJECTIVE

This pooled analysis assessed continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in patients with inadequately controlled type 1 diabetes (HbA1c ≥7.7 to ≤11.0% [≥61 to ≤97 mmol/mol]) who received dapagliflozin as an adjunct to adjustable insulin.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

CGM data were pooled from two 24-week, double-blind, randomized, phase 3 studies: Dapagliflozin Evaluation in Patients with Inadequately Controlled Type 1 Diabetes (DEPICT-1 and DEPICT-2). These studies comprised 1,591 patients receiving dapagliflozin 5 mg (n = 530), dapagliflozin 10 mg (n = 529), or placebo (n = 532).

RESULTS

Baseline characteristics were balanced between treatment groups. Patients receiving dapagliflozin 5 mg or 10 mg both spent more time with blood glucose in the range >3.9 to ≤10.0 mmol/L (>70 to ≤180 mg/dL) over 24 h than those receiving the placebo. The adjusted mean (SE) change from baseline at week 24 was 6.48% (0.60) with dapagliflozin 5 mg, 8.08% (0.60) with dapagliflozin 10 mg, and −2.59% (0.61) with placebo. At week 24, the mean amplitude of glucose excursion over 24 h, mean 24-h glucose values, and postprandial glucose values were also improved in patients receiving dapagliflozin over those receiving placebo. No marked differences were found at week 24 between dapagliflozin 5 or 10 mg and placebo in the percentage of glucose values ≤3.9 mmol/L (≤70 mg/dL) or ≤3.0 mmol/L (≤54 mg/dL) over 24 h, or in nocturnal (0000–0559 h) glucose values ≤3.9 mmol/L (≤70 mg/dL).

CONCLUSIONS

In patients with type 1 diabetes, treatment with dapagliflozin over 24 weeks improved time in range, mean glucose, and glycemic variability without increasing the time spent in the range indicating hypoglycemia.
Three-dimensional analysis of biological systems via a novel laser ablation technique
Authors: Hall Benjamin , Lanba Asheesh
Published: April 2019

Current technology and methods are not feasible for the rapid three-dimensional visualization of complex biological systems. Magnetic resonance imaging and x-ray tomography are slow and costly, with significant tradeoffs between resolution, speed, and volume. Additionally, contrasting agents are required to differentiate features. Here, the authors present a novel 3D imaging and analysis technique, Laser Ablation Tomography (LATscantm). An ultrafast, ultraviolet pulsed laser is utilized to continuously ablate thin surface layers of samples, and these surfaces are simultaneously imaged as the sample is fed into the laser ablation plane. The resulting data are processed using machine learning techniques to identify structural and compositional features at micron resolution. The images are then stacked, further processed, and reconstructed into high-resolution volume renderings that can be analyzed, quantified, segmented, and virtually dissected. The 3D renderings obtained are in full, natural color that results from the interaction of the materials with the ultraviolet laser during ablation. The application of LATscan to both biological and nonbiological samples has shown excellent results in the fields of botany, entomology, life sciences, material science, and pharmacology, among many others. The most successful roll-out of the technology has been in the agrochemical industry, specifically in studies involving high-throughput phenotyping, root–soil, and plant–pest interactions, biomimetics, and pesticide efficacy. The technology has also offered exciting results in the life sciences, and the combination of the visualization with 3D chemical mapping could be a fundamental research and diagnostic tool.
Upaya Peningkatan Motivasi Belajar Melalui Pembelajaran Inkuiri Teams Games Tournament
Authors: Yuliana Nabila , Wardani Naniek Sulistya , Prastyo Tego
Published: April 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) apakah peningkatan motivasi belajar tematik dapat diupayakan melalui PI-TGT yang diterapkan pada siswa kelas II SD, (2) bagaimanakah langkah-langkah PI-TGT dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar tematik siswa kelas II. Subyek penelitian adalah siswa kelas II sejumlah 28 siswa yang terdiri dari 9 siswa laki-laki dan 19 siswa perempuan. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Prosedur penelitian menggunakan 2 siklus, setiap siklus terdiri dari 3 tahap yaitu, 1) perencanaan, 2) tindakan dan observasi, 3) refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah observasi dengan instrumen lembar observasi motivasi belajar. Teknik analisis data adalah teknik persentase yakni membandingkan motivasi belajar melalui PI-TGT antar siklus. Hasil penelitian terdapat peningkatan motivasi belajar, yang diupayakan melalui PI-TGT, yakni siswa yang memiliki motivasi belajar sebanyak 54% pada siklus 1 dan meningkat menjadi 77% dari seluruh siswa di siklus 2. Peningkatan motivasi belajar sebesar 25% dari seluruh siswa. Motivasi belajar meningkat melalui PI-TGT dengan langkah (1) menyimak tujuan pembelajaran, (2) menyimak materi pembelajaran, (3) membentuk 4 kelompok @7 siswa, (4) diskusi untuk mengidentifikasi masalah, (5) mempresentasikan dan memberikan tanggapan rumusan masalah, (6) mengajukan hipotesis, (7) mendemonstrasikan dalam game, (8) turnamen untuk menguji hipotesis, (9) membuat kesimpulan, dan (10) memberi penghargaan kelompok. Saran yang diberikan diharap guru dalam mendesain pembelajaran mengunakan PI-TGT agar motivasi belajar siswa meningkat
Penerapan Problem Based Learning Berbantuan LKS untuk Meningkatkan Self-Efficacy dan Hasil Belajar Matematika
Authors: Bawa I Ketut
Published: April 2019

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan self efficacy dan hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas XI Bahasa SMA Negeri 1 Singaraja pada semester genap tahun pelajaran 2018/2019, melalui penerapan model problem based learning berbantuan LKS. Penelitian ini melibatkan 22 orang siswa kelas XI Bahasa SMA Negeri 1 Singaraja pada semester genap tahun pelajaran 2018/2019. Penelitian tindakan ini dilaksanakan mengikuti prosedur penelitian tindakan yang dikemukakan oleh Hopkins sebanyak 2 siklus, Setiap akhir siklus dikumpulkan data hasil belajar siswa dengan tes hasil belajar dengan tujuan untuk melihat perkembangan hasil belajar matematika siswa. Di samping itu sebelum dan sesudah tindakan, dikumpulkan data self-eficacy siswa melalui kuisioner self efficacy. Setelah semua data terkumpul dan dianalisis secara deskriptif, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa model problem based learning berbantuan LKS dapat meningkatkan self efficacy dan hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas XI Bahasa SMA Negeri 1 Singaraja pada semester genap tahun pelajaran 2018/2019. Hal ini dibuktikan dari adanya peningkatan skor rata-rata self efficacy siswa sebesar 39,68% dari rata-rata skor 92,65 (kategori cukup) sebelum tindakan menjadi 129,41 pada akhir siklus II (kategori tinggi). Demikian juga hasil belajar matematika siswa meningkat sebesar 7,73% yakni dari rata-rata nilai 64,00 pada siklus I, menjadi 68,95 pada siklus II. Dilihat dari ketuntasan belajar siswa secara klasikal juga mengalami peningkatan sebesar 59,96% yakni dari 22,73% pada siklus I menjadi 36,36% pada siklus II