bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variations in cochlea shape reveal different evolutionary adaptations in primates and rodents
Authors: del Rio Joaquin , Taszus Roxana , Nowotny Manuela , Stoessel Alexander
Published: February 2023

The presence of a coiled cochlea is a unique feature of the therian inner ear. While some aspects of the cochlea are already known to affect hearing capacities, the full extent of the relationships between the morphology and function of this organ are not yet understood—especially when the effect of body size differences between species is minimized. Here, focusing on Euarchontoglires, we explore cochlear morphology of 33 species of therian mammals with a restricted body size range. Using μCT scans, 3D models and 3D geometric morphometrics, we obtained shape information of the cochlea and used it to build phylogenetically corrected least square models with 12 hearing variables obtained from the literature. Our results reveal that different taxonomic groups differ significantly in cochlea shape. We further show that these shape differences are related to differences in hearing capacities between these groups, despite of similar cochlear lengths. Most strikingly, rodents with good low-frequency hearing display “tower-shaped” cochleae, achieved by increasing the degree of coiling of their cochlea. In contrast, primates present relatively wider cochleae and relative better high frequency hearing. These results suggest that primates and rodents increased their cochlea lengths through different morpho-evolutionary trajectories.
Description of allergic phenotype in patients with eosinophilic oesophagitis: management protocol proposal
Authors: Domenech Witek Joan , Gonzalez Mendiola Rosario , Jover Cerdá Vicente , Pereira González Javier , Carballas Vázquez Clara , Villas Martínez Felicitas , Rodríguez Pacheco Ramón
Published: February 2023

There is a profile of patient with eosinophilic oesophagitis and atopic background, marked by the existence of IgE-mediated sensitizations. Our aim is to report the observed sensitivities to environmental and food allergens and panallergens in patients with eosinophilic oesophagitis with atopic background as well as characterizing other markers or analytical parameters. We suspect that the prevalence of sensitization to panallergens will be high and this will probably be relevant in terms of the onset and clinical course of the disease. We collated clinical and analytical data from 160 adult patients with a reported diagnosis of eosinophilic oesophagitis. These patients were studied between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2020. During an initial visit skin tests were performed with full batteries of routine aero-allergens and foodstuffs. Patients were subsequently referred for blood test and determination of specific IgE, blood count and total IgE (in all cases), as well as eosinophilic cation protein and IMMUNOISAC in the centres in which this was available. We were able to detect a broad spectrum of sensitizations to environmental, foodstuffs and panallergens. The most common allergic disease was rhinoconjuntivitis. The sensitizations observed to foodstuffs were atypical for the adult population and were not responsible for manifestations compatible with immediate allergy. An important percentage of patients presented seasonal worsening of choking symptoms. We should be able to identify patients with eosinophilic oesophagitis and atopic background. Identifying this phenomenon would enable giving dietary and environmental recommendations as well as more specific and effective treatments to our patients.
Simultaneous quantification of microplastic particles by non-deuterated (NoD) 1H-qNMR from samples comprising different polymer types
Authors: Günther Marcel , Imhof Wolfgang
Published: February 2023

The usability of homopolymer-based external calibration is investigated by 1H-qNMR for PS, PVC, BR, PA and PET. Respective experiments are conducted in the context of copolymer quantification and the quantification of corresponding polymer mixtures.
An Au/SnO–SnO2 nanosheet based composite used for rapid detection of hydrogen sulphide
Authors: Zou Hao-Yun , Li Lin-Xuan , Huang Ying , Tang Yi , Wu Jian-Ping , Xiao Zhong-Liang , Zeng Ju-Lan , Yu Donghong , Cao Zhong
Published: February 2023

The Au/SnO–SnO2 nanosheets based sensor showed good gas-sensitive performance to H2S, not only by reducing the operating temperature, but also by accelerating the response-recovery time, with a long-term monitoring stability in actual atmosphere.
Nitric oxide scavengers based on o-phenylenediamine for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Lee Yeong Mi , Lee Sanggi , Kim Won Jong
Published: February 2023

We discovered an o-PD-based NO scavenger that is highly reactive with NO as an agent for RA treatment. We believe that the N-Me has potential applications for developing anti-inflammatory disease treatments targeting NO.
Self-assembly of guanosine into carbon-based multilayer materials
Authors: Xia Miao , Li Shuchun , Xie Zailai
Published: February 2023

We report the utilization of guanosine as a supramolecular precursor that unprecedentedly renders the formation of carbon-based multilayer materials with naturally high-level nitrogen doping.
Acceleration of the thermal back-reaction and the finding of a non-photochromic isomer for a negative photochromic binaphthyl-bridged imidazole dimer
Authors: Mutoh Katsuya , Moriyama Natsuho , Abe Jiro
Published: February 2023

Our study revealed that incorporating the phenylethynyl group into negative photochromic binaphthyl-bridged imidazole dimers results in a significant acceleration of the thermal back-reaction.
Co(ii) coordination polymers supported by a benzenetetracarboxylate and bis-pyridyl-bis-amides with different flexibilities
Authors: Liao Tsung-Te , Lin Shu-Yu , Chen Jhy-Der
Published: February 2023

Combination of flexible bpba and benzenetetracarboxylate ligands showing various coordination modes is important in forming interesting structures, and the porosity of the CPs may govern the structural transformation.
A theoretical study of M–M′ polar-covalent bonding in heterobimetallic multinuclear organometallic complexes of monovalent group 11 metal centres
Authors: Rabaâ Hassan , Sundholm Dage , Omary Mohammad A.
Published: February 2023

Complexes with closed-shell (d10–d10) interactions have been studied for their interesting luminescence properties in organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices.
Parity-time symmetry transition and exceptional points in terahertz metal–graphene hybrid metasurface with switchable transmission and reflection characteristics
Authors: Li Zhenkai , Yang Weikui , Wang Kun , Jiang Chunyang , Sang Xiaotong , Wang Jian , Lv Xinyu , Zhang Huiyun , Zhang Yuping
Published: February 2023

A terahertz metal–graphene hybrid metasurface capable of achieving PT symmetry transition and exceptional points in the transmitted and reflected polarization channels was designed.
Thermochemical energy storage in barium carbonate enhanced by iron(iii) oxide
Authors: Williamson Kyran , Møller Kasper T. , D’Angelo Anita M. , Humphries Terry D. , Paskevicius Mark , Buckley Craig E.
Published: February 2023

A thermochemical battery can store various energy sources and provide heat on demand to generate electricity.
Molecular dynamics and Raman optical activity spectra reveal nucleotide conformation ratios in solution
Authors: Schrenková Věra , Para Kkadan Mohammed Siddhique , Kessler Jiří , Kapitán Josef , Bouř Petr
Published: February 2023

Using combined computational methods, high-quality Raman optical activity spectra of model nucleotides are analyzed, revealing their molecular structure in solution.
The molecular mechanism of light-induced bond formation and breakage in the cyanobacteriochrome TePixJ
Authors: Ruf Jeannette , Bindschedler Flavia , Buhrke David
Published: February 2023

The photoreaction of the cyanobacteriochrome TePixJ was studied with advanced IR-spectroscopic methods to gain insights into the molecular mechanism of its intricate photochemistry.
Double solvent synthesis of ultrafine Pt nanoparticles supported on halloysite nanotubes for chemoselective cinnamaldehyde hydrogenation
Authors: Cui Rongqian , Zhou Jiaqi , Wang Dan , Zhao Yafei , Xiang Xu , Shang Huishan , Zhang Bing
Published: February 2023

The development of highly active, low cost and durable catalysts for selective hydrogenation of aldehydes is imperative and challenging.
A “gold standard” computational proof for the existence of gold(iii) aurophilicity
Authors: Blasco Daniel , Reboiro Félix , Sundholm Dage , Olmos M. Elena , Monge Miguel , López-de-Luzuriaga José M.
Published: February 2023

“Gold standard” calculations for gold(iii) interactions: a stabilizing interaction between the gold(iii) atoms of molecule [AuIII(CH3)3(NH3)]2 is found at the CCSD(T)/def2-TZVP level of theory.
Equivalent chemical substitution in double–double perovskite-type ALaLiTeO6:Mn4+ (A = Ba2+, Sr2+, Ca2+) phosphors enabling wide range crystal field strength regulation and efficient far-red emission
Authors: Huang Jinmei , Jiang Pengfei , Cheng Zien , Qin Jie , Cong Rihong , Yang Tao
Published: February 2023

A small A-cation in the ALaLiTeO6:Mn4+ phosphors leads to a compact structure and MnO6-octahedron, further resulting in a redshift in luminescence spectra and a remarkable enhancement in quantum efficiency and thermal stability.
Graphene oxide-supported nickel(ii) complex as a reusable nano catalyst for the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes
Authors: Kumar Gautam , Srivastava Ananya , Singh Vinod P.
Published: February 2023

A novel catalytic system of Ni(ii) complex tagged on graphene oxide has been developed and utilized in the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes under mild reaction conditions.
All-round supramolecular zwitterionic hydrogel electrolytes enabling environmentally adaptive dendrite-free aqueous zinc ion capacitors
Authors: Fu Qingjin , Hao Sanwei , Zhang Xinrui , Zhao Haonan , Xu Feng , Yang Jun
Published: February 2023

An all-round supramolecular zwitterionic hydrogel electrolyte with the advantages ofin siturepair, H2O-poor interface, and boosting the desolvation of hydrated Zn2+is proposed to enable the fabrication of environment-adaptive dendrite-free zinc ion capacitors.
Towards a surface metric to measure the dustiness of nanomaterial powders
Authors: Dazon Claire , Bau Sébastien , Payet Raphaël , Fierro Vanessa , Witschger Olivier
Published: February 2023

This work shows that the dustiness index could be a reliable criterion for nanomaterial risk assessment in occupational exposure context and environment safety.
Chlorogenic acid combined with epigallocatechin-3-gallate mitigates d-galactose-induced gut aging in mice
Authors: Wei Ran , Su Zhucheng , Mackenzie Gerardo G.
Published: February 2023

CGA plus EGCG improve the gut barrier injury in aging mice induced by d-galactose through modulating the tight junctions, inflammation, oxidative stress and dysbiosis.
Effects of phytosterol supplementation on lipid profiles in patients with hypercholesterolemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Gao Yusi , Xun Ruilong , Xia Jiayue , Xia Hui , Sun Guiju
Published: February 2023

Meta-analysis results showed that dietary phytosterols can help reduce TC and LDL-C concentrations in hypercholesterolemia patients without affecting HDL-C and TG, which were related to many factors. Dose is an important factor affecting LDL-C level.
The synergic effects and mechanism of KGM–DMY complex in the prevention of obesity and enhancement of fatigue resistance in mice
Authors: Ruan Shulan , Gao Xuefeng , Li Bin , Tian Jing
Published: February 2023

Diagram illustrating that mice were treated with KGM, DMY and KGM-DMY complex under normal and high-fat diet. Lipid metabolisms and fatigue resistances were evaluated. The underlying mechanisms including antioxidant pools, energy conversion and gut microbiota were analyzed.
Schrock molybdenum alkylidene catalyst enables selective formation of macrocyclic unsaturated lactones by ring-closing metathesis at high-concentration
Authors: Sytniczuk Adrian , Milewski Mariusz , Dąbrowski Michał , Grela Karol , Kajetanowicz Anna
Published: February 2023

High yielded and selective synthesis of macrocyclic unsaturated musk compounds from unbiased dienes using reactive distillation at high concentration.
Stabilization of alkaline 5-HMF electrolytes via Cannizzaro reaction for the electrochemical oxidation to FDCA
Authors: Krebs Moritz Lukas , Bodach Alexander , Wang Changlong , Schüth Ferdi
Published: February 2023

This work investigates the degradation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in an alkaline electrolyte, enabling “indirect” electrooxidation of HMF at unprecedentedly high substrate and base concentrations at improved atom economy.
Enhancing the photovoltaic performance of planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells via introducing binary-mixed organic electron transport layers
Authors: Wang Shiqi , Wang Binbin , He Shilong , Wang Yaowu , Cheng Jiawei , Li Yao
Published: February 2023

Binary-mixed organic electron transport layers exhibit suitable energy level alignment, prevent moisture intrusion, alleviate aggregation, and thus improve the photovoltaic performance of inverted perovskite solar cells.
Temperature dependent model for the quasi-static stick–slip process on a soft substrate
Authors: Giordano Stefano
Published: February 2023

The Prandtl–Tomlinson model describes stick–slip between a slider and an undeformable substrate. Using statistical mechanics, we introduce a modification, useful for biophysical applications, able to consider soft substrate and temperature effects.
Syneresis of self-crowded calcium–alginate hydrogels as a self-driven athermal aging process
Authors: Da Silva Pinto Bruno , Ronsin Olivier , Baumberger Tristan
Published: February 2023

Syneresis of alginate hydrogels is accounted for by a closed-loop mechanism coupling network collapse events with the global solvent flow.
Promoting photothermal antibacterial activity through an excited-state intramolecular proton transfer process
Authors: Yao Wanni , Deng Tian , Huang Arui , Zhang Yufeng , Li Qianqian , Li Zhen
Published: February 2023

Through the introduction of excited-state intramolecular proton transfer as a non-radiative transition to promote a photothermal effect, the DPVA platform showed excellent antibacterial behaviour against drug-resistant bacteria.
Fluorescent hydrogels with emission enhancement and CPL-activity depending on gelation states
Authors: Zhang Yongjie , Sun Yu-Ming , Li Gonghui , Du Meiyan , Sheng Ning , Shen Jinglin
Published: February 2023

Different gelation states of a peptide amphiphile lead to distinct emission and chiroptical properties of co-assembled fluorescent hydrogels.
A review on a novel method for aging evaluation of transformer insulating paper based on methanol
Authors: Chen Qingguo , Sun Wei , Cheng Song , Huang Guokai
Published: February 2023

The insulation paper is a crucial factor for evaluating the insulation status of transformers. The traditional evaluation methods for insulation paper are dissolved gas component content analysis (CO and CO2) and furfural (2‐FAL) content analysis in oil. The detection principle of the former leads to its low accuracy, while the field application effect of the latter is not ideal due to the easy oxidation of furfural and low content. Methanol, result of its good stability and high production compared with other marker products (CO, CO2, 2‐FAL) has been investigated as a novel marker for aging evaluation of transformer insulating paper in recent years. The results of the investigation indicated that there is a good correlation between the content of methanol in oil and the degree of polymerization under laboratory conditions, which reflected the insulation aging state of the transformer insulating paper more accurately. This paper summarizes the current research status of methanol formation mechanism, detection methods and aging evaluation in insulating oil, and points out the key problems to be solved and development prospects, hoping to provide relevant reference for aging evaluation of oil immersed power transformer.
Retinex‐inspired contrast stretch and detail boosting for lowlight image enhancement
Authors: Lu Haoxiang , Liu Zhenbing , Lan Rushi , Pan Xipeng , Gong Junming
Published: February 2023

Lowlight images with low brightness and contrast, blurry details usually bring us an uncomfortable visual experience. To promote the quality of these deviation images, this paper presents a new and efficient approach, named MFMR, for enhancing lowlight images in the hue‐saturation‐value (HSV) colour space. Concretely, the multi‐angle filter is first applied to estimate the artifact‐free illumination and reflection component of the V‐channel. Afterward, the adaptive bi‐interval histogram with human visual characteristics and morphological operations is employed to process the former, adaptive gamma correction to process the latter for generating various feature maps. In the end, these feature maps are united via adaptive multi‐scale fusion strategy to reconstruct high‐quality images, which are characterized by high contrast and brightness, vivid colour, and clearer details. Extensive experiments show that this method is a well‐proven low‐light image enhancement approach, which outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art comparison methods. Furthermore, the proposed method also can yield satisfying images in the heavy foggy, yellow sand, underwater, and other severe conditions.
Manta ray foraging optimization algorithm‐based load frequency control for hybrid modern power systems
Authors: Sobhy Mohamed A. , Hasanien Hany M. , Abdelaziz Almoataz Y. , Ezzat Mohamed
Published: February 2023

The regulation of the frequency and line power flow in interconnected power networks is considered to be a key aspect of load frequency control (LFC). This article broaches a modern power network composed of three interconnected control areas including traditional generation units taking into account non‐linearities, also renewable energy sources (RESs) and energy storage (ES) units are involved in the power grid paradigm. Two forms of RESs are included in the analysis, which are photovoltaic (PV) and wind power plants. In addition, the study framework involves three types of ES units, which are batteries of plug‐in electric vehicles (PEVs), flywheel energy storage system (FESS) and capacitive energy storage system (CESS). In this analysis, LFC is accomplished by the use of proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) controllers in the system control loops. A recent optimization algorithm called Manta Ray Foraging optimization (MRFO) is employed to obtain the optimal gain configuration of the controllers. Real site measurements are imported to the RESs involved in the study aiming to examine the proposed control scheme under realistic conditions. Compared with other rival algorithms, the effectiveness of the MRFO‐based PID controller is validated. Simulation results confirm the efficacy of the proposed control scheme. The findings also ensure the role of ES units in optimizing the time‐domain responses. The main contributions of this paper are applying a new metaheuristic optimization algorithm to solve the LFC problem and introducing a new criteria for judging the system performance in compliance with the harmonic spectrum of the responses in the frequency domain. The results of the simulation are retrieved through a MATLAB model.
New multi‐operational multi‐port DC–DC converter with bidirectional capability
Authors: Jalilzadeh Tohid , Rostami Naghi
Published: February 2023

A new triple‐input DC–DC converter with bidirectional ability is proposed in this paper. This converter is an interface between two unidirectional ports, one bidirectional port for the battery, and a DC link. This makes the proposed converter suitable for hybrid energy systems (HES). The load power can be provided by each input source separately or simultaneously. Also, the battery can be charged by input sources as well as with the energy returned from the output. These features provide a high degree of flexibility for the proposed converter. Boost and buck‐boost operation and low‐voltage stress on semiconductors are other advantages of the proposed converter. The performance of the converter in continuous conduction mode (CCM) is given along with the governing mathematical equations. The experimental results on a laboratory prototype confirm the theoretical calculations.
Using the “least-deflected” subsamples of ultra-high energy cosmic rays to constrain source population(s)
Authors: Sotomayor Webar Matías , Nagar Neil M. , Finlez Carolina
Published: February 2023

Context. The source population(s) of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) with energies of ≥57 × 1018 eV (57 EeV) are still unknown and continue to be a subject of debate. The published arrival directions and energies of 303 UHECRs from the Pierre Auger Observatory and Telescope Array enable correlations with astronomical sources. However, deflections of UHECRs in the Galactic Magnetic Field (GMF) can be considerable, especially for heavy UHECR compositions.

Aims. We aim to constrain the source(s) of UHECRs by focusing on the subset of UHECRs that experience minimal deflections by the Galactic magnetic field (GMF).

Methods. We used Monte Carlo simulations of UHECR trajectories in a total of eight posited GMF models (and six UHECR compositions from H to Fe) to identify two subsamples of about 40 UHECRs. The H compositions of these subsamples suffer deflections of less than a few degrees in one (or most) of the GMFs. Both the total UHECR sample and the “least-deflected” (vs. the remaining “more-deflected”) subsamples of UHECRs were cross-correlated with catalogs of astronomical sources (at D ≲ 100 Mpc) and neutrino arrival directions.

Results. For H compositions, the full sample of UHECRs is most closely correlated with Cen A, nearby (< 75 Mpc) radiogalaxies, and optically selected active galactic nuclei (AGNs); the least-deflected sub sample shows a most consistent correlation with nearby (D ≲ 25 Mpc) galaxies, although some GMF models show a preference for the IceCube muon-neutrino arrival detections. For oxygen compositions, the out-of-galaxy arrival directions of least-deflected UHECRs fall on the extragalactic plane (and thus close to nearby galaxies) in many GMFs. For Fe compositions, the out-of-galaxy UHECR arrival directions typically originate in a region ∼30 deg offset from Cen A, except in the case of the JF12 model; this offset can be decreased by re-scaling (by ∼50%) the magnitudes of the dipole and disk fields of the relevant GMFs.
ThePlanckclusters in the LOFAR sky
Authors: Bruno L. , Brunetti G. , Botteon A. , Cuciti V. , Dallacasa D. , Cassano R. , van Weeren R. J. , Shimwell T. , Taffoni G. , Russo S. A. , Bonafede A. , Brüggen M. , Hoang D. N. , Rottgering H. J. A. , Tasse C.
Published: February 2023

Context.Extended radio sources in the sky require a dense sampling of short baselines to be properly imaged by interferometers. This problem arises in many areas of radio astronomy, such as in the study of galaxy clusters, which may host megaparsec-scale diffuse synchrotron sources in the form of radio halos. In clusters where no radio halos are detected, owing to intrinsic absence of emission or extrinsic (instrumental and/or observational) effects, it is possible to determine upper limits.

Aims.We consider a sample ofPlanckgalaxy clusters from the Second Data Release of the LOFAR Two Meter Sky Survey (LoTSS-DR2) where no radio halos are detected. We aim to use this sample to test the capabilities of LOFAR to recover diffuse extended emission and derive upper limits.

Methods.Through the injection technique, we simulated radio halos with various surface brightness profiles. We then predicted the corresponding visibilities and imaged them along with the real visibilities. This method allows us to test the fraction of flux density losses owing to inadequateuvcoverage and obtain thresholds at which the mock emission becomes undetectable by visual inspection.

Results.The denseuvcoverage of LOFAR at short spacings allows us to recover ≳ 90% of the flux density of targets with sizes up to ~15′. We find a relation that provides upper limits based on the image noise and extent (in terms of number of beams) of the mock halo. This relation can be safely adopted to obtain upper limits without injecting when artefacts introduced by the subtraction of the discrete sources are negligible in the central region of the cluster. Otherwise, the injection process and visual inspection of the images are necessary to determine more reliable limits. Through these methods, we obtain upper limits for 75 clusters to be exploited in ongoing statistical studies.
Polarisation of molecular lines in the circumstellar envelope of the post-asymptotic giant branch star OH 17.7–2.0
Authors: Vlemmings W. H. T. , Tafoya D.
Published: February 2023

Context. The role of magnetic field in shaping planetary nebulae (PNe), either directly or indirectly after being enhanced by binary interaction, has long been a topic of debate. Large-scale magnetic fields around pre-PNe have been inferred from polarisation observations of masers. However, because masers probe very specific regions, it is still unclear if the maser results are representative of the intrinsic magnetic field in the circumstellar envelope (CSE).

Aims. Molecular line polarisation of non-maser lines can provide important information about the magnetic field. A comparison between the magnetic field morphology determined from maser observations and that observed in the more diffuse CO gas can reveal if the two tracers probe the same magnetic field.

Methods. We compared observations taken with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) of molecular line polarisation around the post-asymptotic giant branch (post-AGB) or pre-PN star OH 17.7−2.0 with previous observations of polarisation in the 1612 MHz OH maser region. Earlier mid-infrared observations indicate that OH 17.7−2.0 is a young bipolar pre-PN, with both a torus and bipolar outflow cavities embedded in a remnant AGB envelope.

Results. We detect CO J = 2 − 1 molecular line polarisation at a level of ∼4% that displays an ordered linear polarisation structure. We find that, correcting for Faraday rotation of the OH maser linear polarisation vectors, the OH and CO linearly polarised emission trace the same large-scale magnetic field. A structure function analysis of the CO linear polarisation reveals a plane-of-the-sky magnetic field strength of B⊥ ∼ 1 mG in the CO region, consistent with previous OH Zeeman observations.

Conclusions. The consistency of the ALMA CO molecular line polarisation observation with maser observations indicate that both can be used to determine the magnetic field strength and morphology in CSEs. The new observations indicate that the magnetic field has a strong toroidal field component projected on the torus structure and a poloidal field component along the outflow cavity. The existence of a strong, ordered, magnetic-field around OH 17.7−2.0 indicates that the magnetic field is likely involved in the formation of this bipolar pre-PN.
Research on a tubeless tire for a mobile robot
Authors: Zinko Roman , Polishchuk Oleh , Demchuk Igor , Shpak Olexsand , Wilczarska Joanna
Published: February 2023

Airless tires are used not only in cars, but also in vehicles used in the construction, road, forestry, and robotics industries. In order to develop the construction of an airless tire, its optimization at the stage of their design, a comprehensive method of researching the operational properties of an airless tire is proposed. The methodology includes stress-strain analysis, modal and thermal analysis of an airless tire using three-dimensional modeling using the finite element method. The airless tire was studied in the following modes of uniform movement of the wheel on a solid base: driven wheel; driving wheel; free wheel; neutral wheel; brake wheel. An example of the study of an airless tire of a mobile robot is given.
Diagnosing of the Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Material High Performance Drilling Process State
Authors: Polasik Robert , Troszyński Adam , Nowinka Bartosz , Matiukh Serhii
Published: February 2023

The article presents the results of works on the analysis of using cutting forces and torque measurements to determine the state of dry fiberglass matrix polyester resin composite high performance drilling process. The research and analyzes were carried out for the different states of tool state and the process state itself. GFRP - Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer was used to perform the experiment. As a result of the conducted analyzes, it was determined that booth the forces and torque generated in drilling process can constitute a good diagnostic signal, on the basis of which it is possible to conclude about the state of the process and tool.
Dynamic balancing of the mineral wool drum saw by correcting the knives masses
Authors: Szyca Mikołaj , Martynyuk Valeriy
Published: February 2023

The article focuses on the process of balancing mineral wool drum saw. The saw had had tendency to lose balance in short period of time. Balancing parameters was analysed in terms of velocity and acceleration parameters. The route of correcting mass was designed by using knives with different weights. It’s necessary to realise balancing by addition and subtraction the knives with incorrect masses. Most of balancing processes over the world are based on constant mass with additions or substations of masses, but it hadn’t possibility to realise it in that case. The aim of this article is to present an alternative method of balancing atypical rotor, which has a tendency to frequently and spontaneously change the weight distribution. The presented balancing method is also interesting, because it can be an inspiration for the correction of some rotor solutions that are not adapted to balancing, but still need this procedure.
Interferon-γ-Treated Mesenchymal Stem Cells Modulate the T
Cell-Related Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors in an Animal Model of
Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Ahmadifard Reza , Jafarzadeh Abdollah , Mahmoodi Merat , Nemati Maryam , Rahmani Mehdi , Khorramdelazad Hossein , Ayoobi Fatemeh
Published: February 2023

Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) modulate immune responses, and
their immunomodulatory potential can be enhanced using inflammatory cytokines.
Here, the modulatory effects of IFN-γ-licensed MSCs on expression of T
cell-related chemokines and chemokine receptors were evaluated using an
experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model.

Material and Methods EAE was induced in 3 groups of C57bl/6 mice
and then treated with PBS, MSCs and IFN-γ-treated MSCs. The EAE
manifestations were registered daily and finally, the brain and spinal cords
were isolated for histopathological and gene expression studies.

Results The clinical scores were lowered in MSCs and
IFN-γ-licensed MSCs groups, however, mice treated with
IFN-γ-licensed MSCs exhibited lower clinical scores than MSCs-treated
mice. Leukocyte inﬁltration into the brain was reduced after treatment
with MSCs or IFN-γ-licensed MSCs compared to untreated group
(P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). In comparison with untreated
EAE mice, treatment with MSCs reduced CCL20 expression (P<0.001) and
decreased CXCR3 and CCR6 expression (P<0.02 and P<0.04,
respectively). In comparison with untreated EAE mice, treatment with
IFN-γ-licensed MSCs reduced CXCL10, CCL17 and CCL20 expression
(P<0.05, P<0.05, and P<0.001, respectively) as well as
decreased CXCR3 and CCR6 expression (P<0.002 and P<0.02,
respectively), whilst promoting expression of CCL22 and its receptor CCR4
(P<0.0001 and P<0.02, respectively). In comparison with
MSC-treated group, mice treated with IFN-γ-licensed MSCs exhibited lower
CXCL10 and CCR6 expression (P<0.002 and P<0.01, respectively),
whereas greater expression of CCL22 and CCR4 (P<0.0001 and
P<0.01, respectively).

Conclusion Priming the MSC with IFN-γ can be an efficient approach
to enhance the immunomodulatory potential of MSCs.
The Influence of Daily Exercise on Muscle Echo Intensity and Stiffness in Young Women
Authors: Yoshiko Akito , Mitsuyama Hirohito , Kuramochi Rieko , Ohta Megumi
Published: February 2023

This study aimed to investigate the effect of daily exercise on skeletal muscle function, size, and quality in young women. Twenty-six young women participated in this study, categorized into daily exercise and non-exercise groups. The exercise group had performed exercise or training three times a week for more than six months. Knee extension and flexion, plantar flexion, and dorsiflexion peak torques were measured for muscle function. B-mode ultrasound images were taken from the thigh and calf, and muscle thickness and echo intensity were measured in the vastus lateralis and medial gastrocnemius. Shear modulus at different joint angles of the knee (0° [full extended], 40°, and 90°) and ankle (40 °plantarflexion, 0° [neutral], and 10° dorsiflexion) was measured from the vastus lateralis and medial gastrocnemius to determine muscle stiffness. Peak torque and echo intensity did not significantly differ between the exercise and non-exercise groups. Shear modulus in the medial gastrocnemius at 10° dorsiflexion was significantly lower in the exercise group compared with the non-exercise group (34.2±7.7 vs. 46.5±13.1 kPa, P<0.05). These results suggest that daily exercise and training could affect muscle stiffness, but do not lead to an increase in muscle function.
Effectiveness and safety of cold snare polypectomy and cold endoscopic mucosal resection for nonpedunculated colorectal polyps of 10-19 mm: a multicenter observational cohort study
Authors: Mangira Dileep , Raftopoulos Spiro , Vogrin Sara , Hartley Imogen , Mack Alexandra , Gazelakis Kathryn , Nalankilli Kumanan , Trinh Andrew , Metz Andrew J. , Appleyard Mark , Grimpen Florian , Elliott Timothy , Brown Gregor , Moss Alan
Published: February 2023

Background Cold snare polypectomy (CSP) is the standard of care for the resection of small (< 10 mm) colonic polyps. Limited data exist for its efficacy for medium-sized (10–19 mm) nonpedunculated polyps, especially conventional adenomas. This study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of CSP/cold endoscopic mucosal resection (C-EMR) for medium-sized nonpedunculated colonic polyps.

Methods A prospective multicenter observational study was conducted of all morphologically suitable nonpedunculated colonic polyps of 10–19 mm removed by CSP/C-EMR between May 2018 and June 2021. Once resection was complete, multiple biopsies were taken of the margins circumferentially and centrally. The primary outcome was the incomplete resection rate (IRR), based on residual polyp in these biopsy specimens. Secondary outcomes were recurrence rate at first surveillance colonoscopy and rates of adverse events (AEs).

Results CSP/C-EMR was performed for 350 polyps (median size 15 mm; 266 [76.0 %] Paris 0-IIa classification) in 295 patients. Submucosal injection was used for 87.1 % (n = 305) of polyps. Histology showed 68.6 % adenomas, 26.0 % sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) without dysplasia, 4.0 % SSL with dysplasia, and 1.4 % hyperplastic polyps. The IRRs based on margin or central biopsies being positive were 1.7 % (n = 6) and 0.3 % (n = 1), respectively. The polyp recurrence rate was 1.7 % (n = 4) at first surveillance colonoscopy – completed for 65.4 % (n = 229) of polyps at a median interval of 9.7 months. AEs occurred in 3.4 % (n = 10) of patients: four with post-polypectomy pain; three self-limiting post-polypectomy bleeds; two post-polypectomy-syndrome-like presentations; and one intraprocedural bleed treated with clips. There were no perforations.

Conclusion CSP/C-EMR for morphologically suitable nonpedunculated colonic polyps of 10–19 mm is effective and safe, including for conventional adenomas. Rates of incomplete resection and recurrence were low, with few AEs. Studies directly comparing this method with hot snare resection are required.
Synthesis of 2‑Boryl Allylboronates by a Bimetallic Platinum/Zinc-Promoted Diborylation of Propargylic Amines
Authors: Zhuo Chun-Xiang , Shi Xiao-Nan , Wang Jia-Le , Wu Jiang-Bin
Published: February 2023

2‑Boryl allylboronates, which contain both a C(sp2)–B bond and a C(sp3)–B bond, are attractive synthetic intermediates due to their diverse reactivity profiles toward a wide range of organic transformations. We report a facile approach to (Z)-2‑boryl allylboronates through a Pt/Zn-promoted diborylation reaction of readily available propargylic amines. An array of valuable (Z)-2‑boryl allylboronates were obtained in up to 73% yield in the presence of 2.5 mol% of Pt(PPh3)4 and 50 mol% of ZnBr2.
Deep learning-based clinical decision support system for gastric neoplasms in real-time endoscopy: development and validation study
Authors: Gong Eun Jeong , Bang Chang Seok , Lee Jae Jun , Baik Gwang Ho , Lim Hyun , Jeong Jae Hoon , Choi Sung Won , Cho Joonhee , Kim Deok Yeol , Lee Kang Bin , Shin Seung-Il , Sigmund Dick , Moon Byeong In , Park Sung Chul , Lee Sang Hoon , Bang Ki Bae , Son Dae-Soon
Published: February 2023

Background Deep learning models have previously been established to predict the histopathology and invasion depth of gastric lesions using endoscopic images. This study aimed to establish and validate a deep learning-based clinical decision support system (CDSS) for the automated detection and classification (diagnosis and invasion depth prediction) of gastric neoplasms in real-time endoscopy.

Methods The same 5017 endoscopic images that were employed to establish previous models were used for the training data. The primary outcomes were: (i) the lesion detection rate for the detection model, and (ii) the lesion classification accuracy for the classification model. For performance validation of the lesion detection model, 2524 real-time procedures were tested in a randomized pilot study. Consecutive patients were allocated either to CDSS-assisted or conventional screening endoscopy. The lesion detection rate was compared between the groups. For performance validation of the lesion classification model, a prospective multicenter external test was conducted using 3976 novel images from five institutions.

Results The lesion detection rate was 95.6 % (internal test). On performance validation, CDSS-assisted endoscopy showed a higher lesion detection rate than conventional screening endoscopy, although statistically not significant (2.0 % vs. 1.3 %; P = 0.21) (randomized study). The lesion classification rate was 89.7 % in the four-class classification (advanced gastric cancer, early gastric cancer, dysplasia, and non-neoplastic) and 89.2 % in the invasion depth prediction (mucosa confined or submucosa invaded; internal test). On performance validation, the CDSS reached 81.5 % accuracy in the four-class classification and 86.4 % accuracy in the binary classification (prospective multicenter external test).

Conclusions The CDSS demonstrated its potential for real-life clinical application and high performance in terms of lesion detection and classification of detected lesions in the stomach.
Hemostasis in the Pregnant Woman, the Placenta, the Fetus, and the Newborn Infant
Authors: Warren Beth Boulden , Moyer Genevieve C. , Manco-Johnson Marilyn J.
Published: February 2023

The hemostasis system is composed of procoagulant, anticoagulant, and fibrinolytic proteins that interact with endothelial and blood cells and with each other in a complex system of checks and balances to maintain blood flow while preventing both hemorrhage and thrombosis. Pregnancy is a unique physiological state in which biological alterations predispose both mother and fetus to both bleeding and clotting. The placenta is a vascular interface for maternal and fetal blood exchange which predisposes the mother to hemorrhage. Maternal hemostasis presents a compensatory hypercoagulability including elevated factor VIII, von Willebrand factor, fibrinogen and thrombin generation, decreased thrombin regulation with resistance to activated protein C and decreased free protein S, and decreased fibrinolysis with increased plasminogen activator inhibitors. The placental vascular surface is of fetal trophoblastic origin that derives many characteristics of endothelium but differs in that tissue factor is constitutively expressed. Ontogeny of fetal hemostasis is characteristic. Platelets, von Willebrand factor, factor VIII, and fibrinogen are expressed and mature early in gestation, while vitamin K–dependent and contact factors exhibit delayed development. The fetal hemostatic system has a decreased capacity to generate or regulate thrombin, resulting in a fragile balance with little capacity to compensate under stress conditions, particularly in the infant born prematurely. Dysfunction of the maternal/placental/fetal unit gives rise to gestational disorders including preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, placental abruption, and premature delivery. Knowledge of normal hemostasis levels and function are critical to evaluate bleeding or clotting syndromes in the pregnant woman and her fetus or newborn infant.
Thrombus Signal on T1-Weighted Black-Blood MR Predicts Outcomes of Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis in Acute Deep Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Huang Chen , He Xueping , Xie Yueyuan , Chen Hanwei , Ye Yufeng , Sun Yi , Dharmakumar Rohan , Ryu Robert K. , Li Debiao , Xie Guoxi , Fan Zhaoyang
Published: February 2023

Objectives Catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) is an effective therapy for acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT). However, predicting the CDT outcomes remains elusive. We hypothesized that the thrombus signal on T1-weighted black-blood magnetic resonance (MR) can provide insight into CDT outcomes in acute DVT patients.

Methods A total of 117 patients with acute iliofemoral DVT were enrolled for T1-weighted black-blood MR before CDT in this prospective study. Based on the signal contrast between thrombus and adjacent muscle, patients were categorized into the iso-intense thrombus (Iso-IT), hyper-intense thrombus (Hyper-IT), and mixed iso-/hyper-intense thrombi (Mixed-IT) groups. Immediate treatment outcome (i.e., vein patency) and long-term treatment outcome (i.e., the incidence rate of postthrombotic syndrome) were accessed by the same expert. Histological analysis and iron quantification were performed on thrombus samples to characterize the content of fibrin, collagen, and the ratio of Fe3+ to total iron.

Results Compared to Mixed-IT and Hyper-IT groups, the Iso-IT group had the best lytic effect (90.5 ± 1.6% vs. 78.4 ± 2.6% vs. 46.5 ± 3.3%, p < 0.001), lowest bleeding ratio (0.0 vs. 11.8 vs. 13.3, p < 0.001), and the lowest incidence rate of postthrombotic syndrome on 24 months (3.6 vs. 18.4 vs. 63.4%, p < 0.001) following CDT. The Iso-IT group had a significantly lower ratio of Fe3+ to total iron (93.1 ± 3.2% vs. 97.2 ± 2.1%, p = 0.034) and a higher content of fibrin (12.5 ± 5.3% vs. 4.76 ± 3.18%, p = 0.023) than Hyper-IT.

Conclusion Thrombus signal characteristics on T1-weighted black-blood MR is associated with CDT outcomes and possesses potential to serve as a noninvasive approach to guide treatment decision making in acute DVT patients.

Key Points
Quality of Life Outcomes in Stage IV Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Feizpour Cyrus Ali , Turk Anita , Mohanty Sanjay
Published: February 2023

With improvements across the colorectal cancer care continuum, from screening and earlier detection to better systemic options, patients are living longer with the disease. Given these improvements over the last several decades, quality of life outcomes have become important components when evaluating treatment efficacy and adverse effects. This article reviews quality of life measurement generally, discusses tools currently being used in colorectal cancer patients, and reviews outcomes following both surgical and nonsurgical management from clinical trials, observational studies, and meta-analyses.
Credit for Truly Novel Ideas? A Critical Approach to the Intellectual Authorship in Surgery
Authors: Ferreira Miguel Gonçalves , Gubisch Wolfgang , Pearlman Steve , Sykes Jonathan , Özmen Selahattin
Published: February 2023

The formation of new ideas and techniques in medicine and surgery is crucial to bettering the medical field and the quality of medical care. The transmission of these new ideas is a source of pride and recognition for physicians who devote their lives to patient care. The quality and integrity of the medical literature that results from seminal medical ideas are an essential but unregulated field. From time to time, there are discussions in the medical literature about the authorship of an idea/strategy/technique. In this digital era, where communication works at an unmeasurable speed, the authenticity of medical communication requires honesty and verification. The possibility of unreliable or false information exists, and the need to verify “new” information as accurate and honest is crucial. Rhythm, genuine, and fake (fair/unfair) information circulates at high speed, and suddenly everything one encounters is represented as “true and often represented as new.” Regarding medical science and particularly surgery - we are overloaded daily with new techniques, new names, new strategies, and everything. Several questions regarding the authenticity of any publication or scientific communication exist. A critical approach is done in this article.
The Efficacy of Topical Lactoferrin on Wound Healing in an Experimental Animal Model of Nasal Septum Perforation
Authors: Uşaklıoğlu Semih , Çakan Doğan
Published: February 2023

The aim of the present experimental animal study was to investigate the efficacy of bovine lactoferrin (LF) on wound healing in an animal model of nasal septum perforation (NSP).Twenty-two, 8 to 10 weeks of age, male Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into two groups. Nasal septum perforation was created in each rat. The saline (control) and 0.05 mg LF (study) groups were delivered locally for 14 days. On the 14th day of the study, after the sacrifice, the cartilage nasal septa of the animals were excised. The degeneration and regeneration observed in the nasal septum epithelium and cartilage, the number of acute inflammatory cells, the number of eosinophils, the amount of new vessel formation, the amount of granulation, and the collagen density were examined microscopically. The microscopic parameters and macroscopic healing of NSPs were analyzed. The epithelium regeneration, the fibroblast number, the granulation tissue formation, the collagen density, and the macroscopic healing were significantly higher in the LF group (p < 0.05). Besides, the acute inflammatory cell count was lower in the LF group (p = 0.034). In conclusion, the topically delivered LF can improve wound healing in an experimental rat model of NSP.
The Future of Interventions for Stage IV Colorectal Cancers
Authors: Lloy Samantha , Lin Mayin , Franko Jan , Raman Shankar
Published: February 2023

Future options for the management of stage IV colorectal cancer are primarily focused on personalized and directed therapies. Interventions include precision cancer medicine, utilizing nanocarrier platforms for directed chemotherapy, palliative pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC), adjunctive oncolytic virotherapy, and radioembolization techniques. Comprehensive genetic profiling provides specific tumor-directed therapy based on individual genetics. Biomimetic magnetic nanoparticles as chemotherapy delivery systems may reduce systemic side effects of traditional chemotherapy by targeting tumor cells and sparing healthy cells. PIPAC is a newly emerging option for patients with peritoneal metastasis from colorectal cancer and is now being used internationally, showing promising results as a palliative therapy for colorectal cancer. Oncolytic virotherapy is another emerging potential treatment option, especially when combined with standard chemotherapy and/or radiation, as well as immunotherapy. And finally, radioembolization with yttrium-90 (90Y) microspheres has shown some success in treating patients with unresectable liver metastasis from colorectal cancer via selective arterial injection.