bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring inter-organizational relationships in automotive component remanufacturing
Authors: Lind Sebastian , Olsson David , Sundin Erik
Published: May 2014

One of the industry sectors with the longest history in remanufacturing is the automotive industry. Remanufactured parts include brake calipers, engines, servo pumps and alternators. A big challenge for automotive component remanufacturers is to achieve a steady flow of cores (parts that are used for remanufacturing). This flow could be secured by making agreements with core suppliers, such as an original equipment manufacturer (OEM), a core broker or another actor in the market. The remanufacturer can also choose to collect the cores without closer collaboration with the core suppliers. One crucial aspect in choosing how to collect the cores is that it has to be lucrative.

The aim of this paper is to explore how remanufacturers manage their inter-organizational relationships in the closed-loop supply chain. A case study was conducted within the European research project ‘CAN-REMAN’, and empirical data was collected from six participating companies within the project, all European small and medium-sized (SME) remanufacturers of automotive components. These companies were investigated, and their relationships, defined in earlier research with core suppliers, were evaluated.

A key finding of the research is that the most problematic parameter with supplier relationships is to receive the ordered quantity of cores from the supplier. This parameter is continually ranked as one of the most important, and the participating companies also claim to have problems with it. A successful relationship and take-back system was pointed out by one of the companies to never be the owner of the actual cores, and only perform the remanufacturing activity (service) for an OEM. This new relationship, called reman-contract, is where the OEM owns the core and the remanufacturer just performs remanufacturing including some sorting and storing. It was found that with this kind of relationship, the ordered quantity of cores was fulfilled to a higher degree, and thus the challenge of achieving a steady flow of cores was met.
Successful education for AEC professionals: case study of applying immersive game-like virtual reality interfaces
Authors: Pour Rahimian Farzad , Arciszewski Tomasz , Goulding Jack Steven
Published: May 2014

Background

Global competition and the transdisciplinary nature of evolving Architecture-Engineering-Construction (AEC) activities makes it progressively important to educate new AEC professionals with appropriate skill sets. These skills include the ability and capability of not only developing routine projects, but also delivering novel design solutions and construction processes (some of which may be unknown), to feasible, surprising, or potentially patentable solutions. For example, despite recent innovations in immersive visualisation technologies and tele-presence decision-support toolkits, the AEC sector as a whole has not yet fully understood these technologies, nor embraced them as an enabler.

Methods

Given this, this paper proposes a new approach for delivering education and training to address this shortcoming. This approach focuses on doing traditional (routine) work with creative thinking in order to address these challenges. This rationale is based on the principles of Successful Education as a new paradigm for engineering education, which is inspired by the Theory of Successful Intelligence, by the Medici Effect and Leonardo da Vinci’s Seven Principles. The paper presents the educating AEC professionals is presented the AEC sector. The Theory of Successful Intelligence and its three forms of intelligence (Practical, Analytical, and Creative), are supported by lessons learned from the Renaissance, including the Medici Effect and da Vinci’s Seven Principles.

Results

Based on these theoretical pillars, a new approach to educating AEC professionals is presented with a proof-of-concept prototype that uses a game-like virtual reality (VR) visualisation interface supported by Mind Mapping is introduced as an exemplar.

Conclusion

The developed interface in this study applies Game Theory to non-collocated design teams in accordance with Social Sciences Theory (social rules) and Behavioural Science Theory (decision making). It contributes by supporting new insights into AEC actor involvement, pedagogy, organisational behaviour, and the social constructs that support decision making.
Moving towards personalized medicine in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: de Jong Tamarah D , Vosslamber Saskia , Verweij Cornelis L
Published: May 2014

To develop personalized medicine strategies for improvement of patient management in rheumatoid arthritis, the clinical and molecular properties of the individual patients need to be well characterized. A crucial step in this approach is to discover subgroups of patients that are characterized by a good or poor treatment outcome. Dennis and colleagues have identified distinct pretreatment gene expression profiles in affected synovial tissue specimens and a tissue type-related systemic protein pattern which are associated with a positive or negative clinical outcome to monotherapy with adalumimab (anti-TNFα) and tocilizumab (anti-IL-6 receptor). These observations assign biological pathways associated with response outcome and provide evidence for the existence of systemic, easy-to-measure predictive biomarkers for clinical benefit of these biologics.
Seismic envelope inversion and modulation signal model
Authors: Wu Ru-Shan , Luo Jingrui , Wu Bangyu
Published: May 2014

We recognized that the envelope fluctuation and decay of seismic records carries ultra low-frequency (ULF, i.e., the frequency below the lowest frequency in the source spectrum) signals that can be used to estimate the long-wavelength velocity structure. We then developed envelope inversion for the recovery of low-wavenumber components of media (smooth background), so that the initial model dependence of waveform inversion can be reduced. We derived the misfit function and the corresponding gradient operator for envelope inversion. To understand the long-wavelength recovery by the envelope inversion, we developed a nonlinear seismic signal model, the modulation signal model, as the basis for retrieving the ULF data and studied the nonlinear scale separation by the envelope operator. To separate the envelope data from the wavefield data (envelope extraction), a demodulation operator (envelope operator) was applied to the waveform data. Numerical tests using synthetic data for the Marmousi model proved the validity and feasibility of the proposed approach. The final results of combined [Formula: see text] (envelope-inversion for smooth background plus waveform-inversion for high-resolution velocity structure) indicated that it can deliver much improved results compared with regular full-waveform inversion (FWI) alone. Furthermore, to test the independence of the envelope to the source frequency band, we used a low-cut source wavelet (cut from 5 Hz below) to generate the synthetic data. The envelope inversion and the combined [Formula: see text] showed no appreciable difference from the full-band source results. The proposed envelope inversion is also an efficient method with very little extra work compared with conventional FWI.
Leptin Monotherapy Rescues Spermatogenesis in Male Akita Type 1 Diabetic Mice
Authors: Schoeller Erica L. , Chi Maggie , Drury Andrea , Bertschinger Ashley , Esakky Prabagaran , Moley Kelle H.
Published: May 2014

Type 1 diabetes is associated with subfertility in humans. The current treatment for type 1 diabetes, insulin monotherapy, is suboptimal to fully stabilize glycemia, potentially leading to this subfertility. Recent work has demonstrated that treatment with the energy-regulating hormone leptin, alone or in combination with insulin, can more effectively control glycemia in mouse models of type 1 diabetes. Here, we sought to determine whether the fertility defects in a type 1 diabetic mouse model, the Akita mouse, can be rescued with leptin monotherapy in the absence of any exogenous insulin. Akita homozygous mice treated with leptin alone had a larger total body size, testes, and seminal vesicles than their untreated siblings. Leptin treatment prevented testicular degeneration and rescued sperm motility to wild-type levels. Furthermore, sperm obtained from leptin-treated mice could successfully fertilize ooctyes in vitro. Despite completely rescuing spermatogenesis, the critical reproductive hormones LH and testosterone were only modestly higher than in untreated mice, indicating that a minimum threshold of these hormones must be met to maintain spermatogenesis. Cumulatively, these findings implicate the importance of leptin in maintaining fertility and support the use of leptin therapy in the treatment of type 1 diabetes.
Sono-activatable Photosensitizer for Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Horiuchi Hiroaki , Kano Takayuki , Uehara Hiroki , Okutsu Tetsuo
Published: May 2014

A carboxy tetraphenylporphyrin derivative formed aggregate by decreasing its pH, and suppressed its fluorescence and sensitization of singlet oxygen. This indicates that ON/OFF switching of the photosensitization can be achieved by aggregation and disaggregation of photosensitizers. To induce disaggregation, ultrasound was applied to the solution of the aggregate of photosensitizers, and disaggregation was confirmed by studying the fluorescence of the photosensitizer and phosphorescence of singlet oxygen sensitized. Thus this system works as a sono-activatable photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy.
Palladium-catalyzed Cycloaddition of Aryl Silylethynyl Ethers with Isocyanates via o-C–H Cleavage
Authors: Minami Yasunori , Kanda Mayuko , Hiyama Tamejiro
Published: May 2014

Palladium-catalyzed cycloaddition of alkynyl aryl ethers with isocyanates proceeds through o-C–H activation to afford 2-methylidene-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one derivatives. Deuterium-labeling experiment shows that o-hydrogen is cleaved selectively and migrated to 2-methylidene moiety in the product. Various substrates are applied to this transformation to afford various substituted cycloadducts. 1,4-Bis(alkynoxy)benzenes can be used for the synthesis of multicondensed cycles to afford benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]bis[1,4]oxazine-3,8-dione derivatives.
Improving the Performance of MIQP Solvers for Quadratic Programs with Cardinality and Minimum Threshold Constraints: A Semidefinite Program Approach
Authors: Zheng Xiaojin , Sun Xiaoling , Li Duan
Published: May 2014

We consider in this paper quadratic programming problems with cardinality and minimum threshold constraints that arise naturally in various real-world applications such as portfolio selection and subset selection in regression. This class of problems can be formulated as mixed-integer 0-1 quadratic programs. We propose a new semidefinite program (SDP) approach for computing the “best” diagonal decomposition that gives the tightest continuous relaxation of the perspective reformulation of the problem. We also give an alternative way of deriving the perspective reformulation by applying a special Lagrangian decomposition scheme to the diagonal decomposition of the problem. This derivation can be viewed as a “dual” method to the convexification method employing the perspective function on semicontinuous variables. Computational results show that the proposed SDP approach can be advantageous for improving the performance of mixed-integer quadratic programming solvers when applied to the perspective reformulations of the problem.
A Linear-Programming Approximation of AC Power Flows
Authors: Coffrin Carleton , Van Hentenryck Pascal
Published: May 2014

Linear active-power-only power flow approximations are pervasive in the planning and control of power systems. However, AC power systems are governed by a system of nonlinear nonconvex power flow equations. Existing linear approximations fail to capture key power flow variables, including reactive power and voltage magnitudes, both of which are necessary in many applications that require voltage management and AC power flow feasibility. This paper proposes novel linear-programming models (the LPAC models) that incorporate reactive power and voltage magnitudes in a linear power flow approximation. The LPAC models are built on a polyhedral relaxation of the cosine terms in the AC equations as well as Taylor approximations of the remaining nonlinear terms. Experimental comparisons with AC solutions on a variety of standard IEEE and Matpower benchmarks show that the LPAC models produce accurate values for active and reactive power, phase angles, and voltage magnitudes. The potential benefits of the LPAC models are illustrated on two “proof-of-concept” studies in power restoration and capacitor placement.
Chance-Constrained Binary Packing Problems
Authors: Song Yongjia , Luedtke James R. , Küçükyavuz Simge
Published: May 2014

We consider a class of packing problems with uncertain data, which we refer to as the chance-constrained binary packing problem. In this problem, a subset of items is selected that maximizes the total profit so that a generic packing constraint is satisfied with high probability. Interesting special cases of our problem include chance-constrained knapsack and set packing problems with random coefficients. We propose a problem formulation in its original space based on the so-called probabilistic covers. We focus our solution approaches on the special case in which the uncertainty is represented by a finite number of scenarios. In this case, the problem can be formulated as an integer program by introducing a binary decision variable to represent feasibility of each scenario. We derive a computationally efficient coefficient strengthening procedure for this formulation, and demonstrate how the scenario variables can be efficiently projected out of the linear programming relaxation. We also study how methods for lifting deterministic cover inequalities can be leveraged to perform approximate lifting of probabilistic cover inequalities. We conduct an extensive computational study to illustrate the potential benefits of our proposed techniques on various problem classes.
Stress on the Ward: Evidence of Safety Tipping Points in Hospitals
Authors: Kuntz Ludwig , Mennicken Roman , Scholtes Stefan
Published: May 2014

Do hospitals experience safety tipping points as utilization increases, and if so, what are the implications for hospital operations management? We argue that safety tipping points occur when managerial escalation policies are exhausted and workload variability buffers are depleted. Front-line clinical staff is forced to ration resources and, at the same time, becomes more error prone as a result of elevated stress hormone levels. We confirm the existence of safety tipping points for in-hospital mortality using the discharge records of 82,280 patients across six high-mortality-risk conditions from 256 clinical departments of 83 German hospitals. Focusing on survival during the first seven days following admission, we estimate a mortality tipping point at an occupancy level of 92.5%. Among the 17% of patients in our sample who experienced occupancy above the tipping point during the first seven days of their hospital stay, high occupancy accounted for one in seven deaths. The existence of a safety tipping point has important implications for hospital management. First, flexible capacity expansion is more cost-effective for safety improvement than rigid capacity, because it will only be used when occupancy reaches the tipping point. In the context of our sample, flexible staffing saves more than 40% of the cost of a fully staffed capacity expansion, while achieving the same reduction in mortality. Second, reducing the variability of demand by pooling capacity in hospital clusters can greatly increase safety in a hospital system, because it reduces the likelihood that a patient will experience occupancy levels beyond the tipping point. Pooling the capacity of nearby hospitals in our sample reduces the number of deaths due to high occupancy by 34%.

This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
Antigen Presentation and T Cell Response in Umbilical Cord Blood and Adult Peripheral Blood
Authors: Grozdics Eniko , Toldi Gergely
Published: May 2014

The efficiency of the immune response is well-known to be decreased in the perinatal period compared to adulthood. Several factors may play a role in this finding, including immaturity of adaptive immune responses, as well as alterations in the prevalence and functionality in elements of humoral and cellular immune reactions compared to adult-type immunity. The process of antigen presentation and adequate T cell function are cornerstone features in coordinating the immune response already at this early age. Over the recent decades, several studies have revealed remarkable details that contribute to these alterations. However, many aspects of the exact mechanisms are still not fully understood.
In this review, we aim to summarize current knowledge of studies of altered cell prevalence and functionality that contribute to differences of antigen presentation and the T cell immune response between the perinatal and adult periods. Decreased level of antigen presentation, lower expression of costimulatory molecules, lower Th1 and Th17 response, and deficient function of regulatory elements are the most important differences in CB compared with adult peripheral blood. These differences are of practical importance from two distinct aspects. First, the decreased efficiency of the immune response plays an important role in the development of several diseases affecting preterm and term neonates, as well as in a higher incidence of infections compared to adults. Second, umbilical cord blood (UCB)-derived hematopoietic stem cells are widely used in the treatment of different hematological and immunological disorders. The prevalence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is lower upon UCB-derived stem cell transplantation compared to adult peripheral blood or bone marrow-derived stem cells. Therefore, the deeper understanding of the mechanisms contributing to a decreased T cell response is of importance in improving therapeutic efficiency in related disorders.
Aspectos etnoecológicos e implicações para a conservação de Tursiops truncatus (Cetartiodactyla: Delphinidae) no Arquipélago das Cagarras, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Authors: Lodi Liliane , Zappes Camilah Antunes , Santos Álvaro Samuel Guimarães dos
Published: May 2014

The objectives of this study were to understand the ecological aspects of the common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) in the Cagarras Archipelago, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and possible anthropogenic impacts by comparing the knowledge of local small-scale fishermen (GA) and the regulars in the archipelago (GB). The data obtained were compared with those available in the literature to propose strategies for monitoring and preservation. Between August and December 2010, we applied the methods of participant observation, interviews-questionnaires and use of illustrative posters. Sixty-one interviews were conducted, from which 83.6% were selected by considering correct answers about the identification of the species on posters (morphological characteristics) and description of time of occurrence in the archipelago (July to December) as reported for the species in the literature. Regarding the seven questions analyzed statistically, a significant difference was found between the accounts of the two groups with respect to anthropic threats to T. truncatus. Gill-nets and the decrease of fishing resources were the main causes identified by the GA group whereas the GB group pointed to the disorganized use of space, pollution and predatory fishing as the factors that have threatened the common bottlenose dolphins. The use of ethnobiological data in conservation programs brings opportunities for the collaboration and participation of the community that is directly inserted into the ecosystem as well as a chance for locals to get involved in issues concerning the sustainability of the archipelago.
Estrutura e composição do estrato herbáceo em um remanescente de Floresta Semidecidual Submontana no Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Viana Jéssica Lira , Barbosa Maria Regina De Vasconcellos
Published: May 2014

The vegetation of a Submontane Semidecidual Seasonal Forest in the Private Natural Heritage Reserve Pedra D’Anta Farm, in Pernambuco State, Brazil, was sampled with the following objectives: 1- to inventory the terrestrial herbs; 2- to characterize the structure of the herbaceous synusiae; 3- to characterize the geographic distribution of terrestrial herbs; and 4- to characterize the heliophyte and sciophyte herbs. Arbitrary walks were performed for a general survey of species, and 20 transects were used to sample the structure in 50 plots of 1 m² each. Frequencies and densities were calculated, with diversity measured by the indicator of specific richness (S) and the Shannon index (H'). A total of 107 species in 75 genera and 39 families were collected, with 25 of these species included in the phytosociological study. Poaceae was the family with the highest number of species in both floristic and phytosociological studies. The species Parodiolyra micrantha and Oplismenus hirtellus were the most frequent and abundant. Species diversity (H') was 2.85 nats. The herbaceous layer was found to be rich, having a composition consisting mostly of widely dispersed species, with a prevalence of herbal hemicryptophytes. Although the study area presents a fragmented landscape and occurrence of many ruderal species, it represents a refuge for rare species like Psilochilus modestus and Streptochaeta spicata.
Designing Digital Infrastructure: Four Considerations for Scholarly Publishing Projects
Authors: Kenner Ali
Published: May 2014

As we move discussions around publishing forward and adopt open-access models, social scientists need to consider how digital infrastructure opens and closes possibilities for scholarly production and engagement. Attention to changes in publishing infrastructure—which, like most infrastructure, is often rendered invisible—is needed, not only because it allows us to make sense of socio-technical transitions at various scales and for differently invested communities, but because we need more informed participants, users who can question the system in ways that make it more robust. This essay suggests that digital infrastructure design and development should be organized around (1) platform affordances, (2) support for labor, (3) emerging circulation practices, and (4) opportunities for collaboration. By tracing the long-term socio-technical work that made it possible for Cultural Anthropology to go open access earlier this year, this essay works to make visible some behind-the-scenes details to be considered when thinking about the future of scholarly publishing.
Dear Dr. Freud
Authors: Briggs Charles L.
Published: May 2014

Framed as a letter to Sigmund Freud, this text weaves precariously between psychoanalytic interpretations of mourning and laments sung during an epidemic of an unknown disease in the Delta Amacuro rain forest of Venezuela in 2008. This encounter extends reflection on the ways that Freud, Klein, Laplanche, Nasio, and other psychoanalysts have characterized “the work of mourning,” urging attention to the poetics, acoustics, and bodily materiality of lamentation. Focusing on a meeting that took place just before the burial of a young man, it explores claims made by lamenters on audiences, interpellating them into particular modes of listening and demanding attention to the politics of the circulation of images of lives and deaths. This intersection between psychoanalysis and lamentation provides a challenge to rethink the nature of anthropological research and writing.
Effect of Arthropod Repellents on the Mechanical Properties of Common Materials Used by U.S. Service Members
Authors: Leddy Michael T. , Langdale Evan R. , Jasper Louis E. , Belkoff Stephen M.
Published: May 2014

Arthropod-borne infectious diseases represent a serious threat to U.S. military personnel, and insect repellents are commonly used as the first line of defense against those illnesses. Recent feedback from the field suggests that currently provided repellents, which are based on N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), damage or alter some of the military-relevant materials. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of DEET and non-DEET repellents on the mechanical properties and appearance of commonly available synthetic materials (substrates) routinely used in military application. We measured the visual appearance, visible light transmittance, strength, and stiffness of four materials exposed or left unexposed to six repellents. Sheet materials were tested in four-point bending, and the thread material was tested in uniaxial tension. Some of the repellents significantly altered the strength and bending stiffness of the sheet material and reduced light transmission. The sheet materials tested are commonly used in lens applications, so the reduction in light transmission and visibility has practical implications. For the thread (Kevlar) material tested, two repellents significantly reduced thread strength. Kevlar is used in the manufacture of body armor, but it is unknown if a reduction in Kevlar strength reduces the protective value of the body armor.
Low Cycle Fatigue Behavior of AA2219-T87 at Room Temperature
Authors: Sharma V. M. J. , Rao G. Sudarshan , Sharma S. C. , George Koshy M.
Published: May 2014

The low cycle fatigue behavior of AA2219-T87 was studied at ambient temperature using fully reversed total strain controlled fatigue tests in longitudinal and transverse orientations. Tension-compression cyclic tests were carried out under total strain amplitude control with strain ratio Rε = −1 and at a frequency of 0.5 Hz. The total strain amplitude was varied from ±0.4 to ±1.5 %. The low cycle fatigue results were analyzed to determine the cyclic stress strain curves. The cyclic strain hardening parameters were evaluated from the cyclic stress–strain curves. Important fatigue parameters namely fatigue ductility coefficient, fatigue ductility exponent, and fatigue strength coefficient were evaluated. The material exhibited cyclic strain softening in both longitudinal and transverse directions. Analysis of the experimental results showed that the stress–strain hysteresis loops exhibited inflections in the first few cycles and the plastic strain amplitude versus fatigue-life plots exhibited bi-linear relationship. The geometry of hysteresis loops and the occurrence of Masing behavior are analyzed and found that the alloy in peak aged condition exhibited tendency towards Masing behavior.
Investigations of Nucleate Boiling Processes During Quenching Based on Possibilities of Noise Control System
Authors: Kobasko N. I. , Moskalenko A. A. , Deyneko L. N.
Published: May 2014

A new method for evaluating and control of the optimal concentration of water salt solutions is proposed which is based on the possibilities of sound control system. Water salt solutions as quenchants are used in the practice to intensify hardening processes. In this paper, it is shown that water salt solutions are used for low and medium carbon alloy steels to create high compressive residual stresses at the surface of steel parts and improve mechanical properties of steels. It is underlined that quenching in water salt solutions must be interrupted at the appropriate time to prevent crack formation during fast cooling. When interruption occurs at the surface of steel parts, compressive residual stresses are formed and self-tempering takes place. During this time, at the core, a bainitic structure is formed which has enough strength and high plastic properties to prevent crack formation at the core where tensile stresses could be. It is shown that salt solutions can be also used for quenching of big steel parts like rollers and rotors. The benefits from the technology proposed are discussed in this paper. In the future, organic salt solutions can be replaced by organic salt solutions which prevent corrosion completely.
Cooling Performance of Select Mineral Oil and Polymer Quenchants
Authors: Tiwary Vivek , Prabhu Narayan K.
Published: May 2014

In the present investigation, quench severity was determined for industrial oil quenchants and varying concentrations of PAG polymer. Viscosity, thermal conductivity, density, flash point, and fire point were measured for all quenchants. Cooling curve parameters were determined based on cooling curve analysis ISO/DIS 9950 technique. An Inconel 600 probe was used for this purpose. Severity of quenching was determined based on the Grossmann technique. Viscosity and thermal conductivity had a significant effect on quench severity. Heat flux and HTC at the metal/quenchant interface were computed by both lumped capacitance and Inverse modeling techniques. The effect of ultrasonic and Tensi agitation on cooling curve parameters was assessed. Polymer quenchants of lower concentrations showed marginally higher heat transfer rates compared to water particularly during unagitated condition.
Altering Infamy
Authors: Bond Sarah
Published: May 2014

This paper investigates the application of the legal stigma of infamia (disrepute) in Late Antiquity. The legal status is used as a lens through which to view the changing systemic, religious, and social landscapes between the reigns of Diocletian and Justinian, indicating the various uses and, ultimately, abuses of the status, as well as the marked consequences of expanding its definition. The use of the legal status to marginalize religious deviants in particular is inspected. This analysis reveals that the amendment of infamia to include heretics, apostates, and pagans signals the use of classical law to define orthodoxy and to articulate the anxiety over the pagan-Christian religious transition. The unforeseen consequences of infamia's expansion were the abetment of violence in the fourth and fifth centuries. Moreover, the disqualification of religious deviants from serving on curial councils had a noticeable impact on some municipalities in the later empire, and may have created a loophole with which to avoid curial service altogether.
Overseeing res publica
Authors: Nelsestuen Grant A.
Published: May 2014

This article examines a simile preserved in the fragmentary book 5 of Cicero's De Re Publica, which figures the ideal statesman (rector rei publicae) in terms of a farm bailiff (vilicus) and a household steward (dispensator). Through a philological, philosophical, and socio-cultural explication of these similes and their context within De Re Publica, this article argues that Cicero draws upon Greek philosophical treatments of household and political relations and reworks traditional Roman political ideology so as to refigure the conceptual relationship between the statesman and the state: from the farmer of res publica to its subservient, yet still overseeing, bailiff. By casting the ideal statesman in the decidedly servile role of a public bailiff, Cicero subordinates his statesman to res publica, yet also empowers him to act as its jurisprudential overseer, and this change marks a significant and perhaps strikingly original contribution to Roman political thought.
Roman Politics and the Fictional Narrator in Philostratus' Apollonius
Authors: Kemezis Adam
Published: May 2014

Philostratus' eight-book work on Apollonius of Tyana begins with an elaborate frame narrative in which the narrator describes how the empress Julia Domna commissioned him to edit a recently discovered authoritative account of that sage's career, written by one his disciples. This narrative has clear marks of conscious fictionality, and identifies the Apollonius with such pseudepigraphic works as Dictys Cretensis and The Wonders beyond Thule. This article will explore how this claim functions within Philostratus' larger narrative self-presentation. Philostratus in effect presents the reader with two models of how one obtains authoritative knowledge about cultural phenomena. The first is seen in the frame narrative, and involves single key texts authorized by politically powerful figures. The second is seen in the rest of the narrative, and involves wide-ranging research and critical argument by cultural professionals such as the narrator himself. Philostratus, although he would appear more to endorse the second model, ironically undercuts them both. The tension thus created is crucial to Philostratus' portrait of his protagonist's ambiguously human or divine status. It also has a key political component, however, inasmuch as various members of the Severan dynasty, like Philostratus' Julia, were claiming for themselves the power both to re-write political history and to redefine their status within Greco-Roman cultural discourse. The frame narrative and narratorial persona of the Apollonius are a uniquely sophistic reflection on the relationship of political power to Hellenic paideia.
Journal of Language Modelling
Authors: Przepiórkowski Adam
Published: May 2014

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Grammatical typology and frequency analysis: number availability and number use
Authors: Brown Dunstan , Corbett Greville G. , Fedden Sebastian , Hippisley Andrew , Marriott Paul
Published: May 2014

The Smith-Stark hierarchy, a version of the Animacy Hierarchy, offers a typology of the cross-linguistic availability of number. The hierarchy predicts that the availability of number is not arbitrary. For any language, if the expression of plural is available to a noun, it is available to any noun of a semantic category further to the left of the hierarchy. In this article we move one step further by showing that the structure of the hierarchy can be observed in a statistical model of number use in Russian. We also investigate three co-variates: plural preference, pluralia tantum and irregularity effects; these account for an item's behaviour being different than that solely expected from its animacy position.
Comparison of the clinical characteristics of myocardial infarction with and without ST-segment elevation in Hungary. National Registry of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Breuer Tamás , Jánosi András , Szüts Krisztina , Andréka Péter , Ofner Péter
Published: May 2014

Introduction: Afew data have been published on the clinical characteristics of different types of myocardial infarction in Hungary. Aim: To compare clinical data of patients with ST-segment elevation and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction based on the National Myocardial Infarction Registry database. Method: Data recorded in the National Myocardial Infarction Registry between January 1, 2010 and June 30, 2012 were included in the analysis. Results: Patients treated with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (n = 5237) were older and had more comorbidities compared to those with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (n = 6670). Coronarography and percutaneous coronary intervention were performed more frequently in the latter group. There was no significant difference in in-hospital mortality between the two groups (5.3% and 4.9%). Medication for secondary prevention after myocardial infarction was applied in nearly 90% of the patients in both groups. Dual antiplatelet therapy was more often applied after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Conclusions: The study confirmed important differences in the clinical characteristics and similar hospital prognosis between the two patient groups. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(21), 828–832.
Knowledge about basic life support in European students
Authors: Marton József , Pandúr Attila , Pék Emese , Deutsch Krisztina , Bánfai Bálint , Radnai Balázs , Betlehem József
Published: May 2014

Introduction: Better knowledge and skills of basic life support can save millions of lives each year in Europe. Aim: The aim of this study was to measure the knowledge about basic life support in European students. Method: From 13 European countries 1527 volunteer participated in the survey. The questionnaire consisted of socio-demographic questions and knowledge regarding basic life support. The maximum possible score was 18. Results: Those participants who had basic life support training earned 11.91 points, while those who had not participated in lifesaving education had 9.6 points (p<0.001). Participants from former socialist Eastern European countries reached 10.13 points, while Western Europeans had average 10.85 points (p<0.001). The best results were detected among the Swedish students, and the worst among the Belgians. Conclusions: Based on the results, there are significant differences in the knowledge about basic life support between students from different European countries. Western European youth, and those who were trained had better performance. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(21), 833–837.
Side-to-side growth discrepancies in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy: association with function, activity and social participation
Authors: Zonta Marise Bueno , Ramalho-Júnior Amâncio , Puppi Marilene , Bruck Isac , Magdalena Neiva , Muzzolon Sandra Regina B. , Carvalho-Neto Arnolfo de , Santos Lúcia H Coutinho dos
Published: May 2014

Objective:Evaluate side-to-side discrepancies in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (HCP), and investigate associations of these discrepancies with patients’ age at initiation of physical therapy, motor and cognitive function, and degree of activities and social participation.Method:We obtained eight side-to-side measurements from 24 HCP children with mean age 49.3±5.2 months.Results:Early initiation of physical therapy was associated with lower discrepancy in hand length (p=0.037). Lower foot length discrepancy was associated with lower requirement for caregiver assistance in activities related to mobility. Increased side-to-side discrepancy was associated with reduced wrist extension and increased spasticity. Discrepancy played a larger role in children with hemineglect and in those with right involvement.Conclusion:Increased discrepancy in HCP children was associated with reduced degree of activity/social participation. These results suggest an association between functional use of the extremities and limb growth.
Cluster analysis to identify elderly people's profiles: a healthcare strategy based on frailty characteristics
Authors: Fattori André , Oliveira Ivan Mazivieiro , Alves Rosalia Matera de Angelis , Guariento Maria Elena
Published: May 2014

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES: The new social panorama resulting from aging of the Brazilian population is leading to significant transformations within healthcare. Through the cluster analysis strategy, it was sought to describe the specific care demands of the elderly population, using frailty components.DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study based on reviewing medical records, conducted in the geriatric outpatient clinic, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp).METHODS: Ninety-eight elderly users of this clinic were evaluated using cluster analysis and instruments for assessing their overall geriatric status and frailty characteristics.RESULTS: The variables that most strongly influenced the formation of clusters were age, functional capacities, cognitive capacity, presence of comorbidities and number of medications used. Three main groups of elderly people could be identified: one with good cognitive and functional performance but with high prevalence of comorbidities (mean age 77.9 years, cognitive impairment in 28.6% and mean of 7.4 comorbidities); a second with more advanced age, greater cognitive impairment and greater dependence (mean age 88.5 years old, cognitive impairment in 84.6% and mean of 7.1 comorbidities); and a third younger group with poor cognitive performance and greater number of comorbidities but functionally independent (mean age 78.5 years old, cognitive impairment in 89.6% and mean of 7.4 comorbidities).CONCLUSION: These data characterize the profile of this population and can be used as the basis for developing efficient strategies aimed at diminishing functional dependence, poor self-rated health and impaired quality of life.
Incidence of postoperative dyspepsia is not associated with prophylactic use of drugs
Authors: Tsuchie Sara Yumi , Nani Fernando Souza , Vieira Joaquim Edson
Published: May 2014

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Preoperative fasting guidelines do not recommend H2 receptor antagonists or proton pump inhibitors. This study investigated prophylactic use of gastric protection and the incidence of dyspeptic symptoms in the immediate postoperative period.DESIGN AND SETTING: Non-randomized observational investigation in a post-anesthesia care unit.METHODS: American Society of Anesthesiologists risk classification ASAP1 and ASAP2 patients over 18 years of age were evaluated to identify dyspeptic symptoms during post-anesthesia care for up to 48 hours, after receiving or not receiving prophylactic gastric protection during anesthesia. History of dyspeptic symptoms and previous use of such medications were exclusion criteria. The odds ratio for incidence of dyspeptic symptoms with use of these medications was obtained.RESULTS: This investigation studied 188 patients: 71% women; 50.5% ASAP1 patients. Most patients received general anesthesia (68%). Gastric protection was widely used (n = 164; 87.2%), comprising omeprazole (n = 126; 76.8%) or ranitidine (n = 38; 23.2%). Only a few patients did not receive any prophylaxis (n = 24; 12.8%). During the observation, 24 patients (12.8%) reported some dyspeptic symptoms but without any relationship with prophylaxis (relative risk, RR = 0.56; 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.23-1.35; P = 0.17; number needed to treat, NNT = 11). Omeprazole, compared with ranitidine, did not reduce the chance of having symptoms (RR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.27-1.60; P = 0.26; NNT = 19).CONCLUSION: This study suggests that prophylactic use of proton pump inhibitors or H2 receptor antagonists was routine for asymptomatic patients and was not associated with postoperative protection against dyspeptic symptoms.
Clínica-escola: apoio institucional inovador às práticas de gestão e atenção na saúde como parte da integração ensino-serviço
Authors: Saldanha Olinda Maria de Fátima Lechmann , Pereira Ana Lúcia Bender , Medeiros Cássia Regina Gotler , Dhein Gisele , Koetz Lydia Christmann Espindola , Schwertner Suzana Feldens , Ceccim Ricardo Burg
Published: May 2014

O texto apresenta a implementação de um serviço-escola que tem como proposta a formação de profissionais da saúde em consonância com as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais. A Clínica Universitária Regional de Educação e Saúde (CURES) envolve cursos da área da saúde de um Centro Universitário situado na região do Vale do Taquari/RS, Brasil, articulando as redes de cuidado de quatro municípios. Neste trabalho relata-se o apoio institucional nas ações das equipes da rede de cuidados. A inserção no contexto locorregional tem se mostrado um potencial formativo para estudantes e docentes, ressaltando o compromisso e a corresponsabilização no cuidado. A “narrativa de formação” foi o recurso metodológico utilizado, problematizando as ações da CURES no apoio institucional às equipes. A indissociabilidade entre técnica e política / teoria e prática tem permeado as atividades e reflexões, resultando em modificações no processo ensino-aprendizagem em saúde.
Dental and skeletal changes in patients with mandibular retrognathism following treatment with Herbst and pre-adjusted fixed appliance
Authors: Vigorito Fabio de Abreu , Dominguez Gladys Cristina , Aidar Luís Antônio de Arruda
Published: May 2014

OBJECTIVE: To assess the dentoskeletal changes observed in treatment of Class II, division 1 malocclusion patients with mandibular retrognathism. Treatment was performed with the Herbst orthopedic appliance during 13 months (phase I) and pre-adjusted orthodontic fixed appliance (phase II). METHODS: Lateral cephalograms of 17 adolescents were taken in phase I onset (T1) and completion (T2); in the first thirteen months of phase II (T3) and in phase II completion (T4). Differences among the cephalometric variables were statistically analyzed (Bonferroni variance and multiple comparisons). RESULTS: From T1 to T4, 42% of overall maxillary growth was observed between T1 and T2 (P < 0.01), 40.3% between T2 and T3 (P < 0.05) and 17.7% between T3 and T4 (n.s.). As for overall mandibular movement, 48.2% was observed between T1 and T2 (P < 0.001) and 51.8% between T2 and T4 (P < 0.01) of which 15.1% was observed between T2 and T3 (n.s.) and 36.7% between T3 and T4 (P < 0.01). Class II molar relationship and overjet were properly corrected. The occlusal plane which rotated clockwise between T1 and T2, returned to its initial position between T2 and T3 remaining stable until T4. The mandibular plane inclination did not change at any time during treatment. CONCLUSION: Mandibular growth was significantly greater in comparison to maxillary, allowing sagittal maxillomandibular adjustment. The dentoalveolar changes (upper molar) that overcorrected the malocclusion in phase I, partially recurred in phase II, but did not hinder correction of the malocclusion. Facial type was preserved.
Comparison of friction produced by two types of orthodontic bracket protectors
Authors: Mendonça Steyner de Lima , Praxedes Neto Otávio José , Oliveira Patricia Teixeira de , Santos Patricia Bittencourt Dutra dos , Pinheiro Fábio Henrique de Sá Leitão
Published: May 2014

INTRODUCTION: Fixed orthodontic appliances have been regarded as a common causative factor of oral lesions. To manage soft tissue discomfort, most orthodontists recommend using a small amount of utility wax over the brackets in order to alleviate trauma. This in vitro study aimed at evaluating friction generated by two types of bracket protectors (customized acetate protector [CAP] and temporary resin protector [TRP]) during the initial stages of orthodontic treatment. METHODS: An experimental model (test unit) was used to assess friction. In order to measure the friction produced in each test, the model was attached to a mechanical testing machine which simulated maxillary canines alignment. Intergroup comparison was carried out by one-way ANOVA with level of significance set at 5%. RESULTS: The friction presented by the TRP group was statistically higher than that of the control group at 6 mm. It was also higher than in the control and CAP groups in terms of maximum friction. CONCLUSION: The customized acetate protector (CAP) demonstrated not to interfere in friction between the wire and the orthodontic bracket slot.
Heterotaxy syndrome: a case report
Authors: Gonçalves Caren Meneghetti , Noschang Julia , Silva Armidio Celeste Bertani da , Mello Renato José Kist de , Schuh Sandra Jungblut , Maciel Antonio Carlos
Published: May 2014

Heterotaxy syndrome is defined as an abnormal arrangement of some organs and vessels in association with dysmorphism. The authors describe the case of a patient with heterotaxy syndrome with poliesplenia incidentally diagnosed during imaging evaluation (computed tomography and small bowel barium study) of unrelated pathological condition.
La conformación del cáncer como objeto científico y problema sanitario en la Argentina: discursos, prácticas experimentales e iniciativas institucionales, 1903-1922
Authors: Buschini José D.
Published: May 2014

El trabajo analiza la conformación del cáncer como problema sanitario y como objeto científico en la Argentina en las dos primeras décadas del siglo XX. Se consideran la adquisición y circulación de conocimientos foráneos sobre el tema, el contexto en el que surgieron los primeros desarrollos experimentales, las iniciativas institucionales promovidas desde la profesión médica y el modo en que se logró interesar a las autoridades estatales y a la sociedad civil para darles curso. Se estudia de manera detallada el proceso de creación del Instituto de Medicina Experimental, un centro destinado enteramente al estudio y el tratamiento del cáncer, inaugurado en el año 1922 y que clausura simbólicamente la primera etapa de conformación del cáncer como problema en el país.