bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interactive Effects of PEG-induced Water Stress and CaCl2 on the Status of Calcium and Ca2+ Binding Proteins During Seedling Growth of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Cultivars
Authors: Sulochana Ch , Savithramma N.
Published: June 2010

Seedlings of two peanut cultivars (TPT-1 and TPT-4) grown in distilled water for 12 d were subjected to polyethylene glycal (PEG-6000) induced water stress. Twenty mM CaCl2 was added to the stressed seedlings to examine the ameliorative effect of PEG induced water stress. The seedlings were analysed for calcium content at 2-d intervals for 7 d. Calcium-binding proteins (CaBPs) were quantified in the seedlings of different treatments in the two cultivars. Water stressed seedlings had significantly lower calcium content. The seedlings of the two cultivars showed differences in the accumulation of calcium under treatments. CaBPs fractionated through DEAE cellulose columns. The pooled fractions of the proteins separated by SDS-PAGE contained different molecular weights of polypeptides. The polypeptides were resolved on the CaCl2-treated seedlings better than either control or water stressed and PEG + CaCl2 treated seedlings. Calmodulin isolated from the seedlings of both the cultivars showed a single band co-migrating with 15 kDa protein of Bovine brain calmodulin. Differences between the cultivars, treatments and interaction for the parameters were significant. The two cultivars showed differences in calcium-binding proteins under PEG-induced water stress and its alleviation by CaCl2 in peanut seedlings.
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Response to Cyclanilide and Prohexadione Calcium
Authors: Jordan D. L. , Beam J. B. , Lanier J. E. , Lancaster S. H. , Johnson P. D.
Published: June 2010

Excessive growth of Virginia market-type peanut affects row visibility and pod yield of peanut. Ten experiments were conducted from 2000 to 2002 in North Carolina to compare peanut response to cyclanilide and prohexadione calcium applied at 50% row closure followed by a repeat application 2 wk later. Cyclanilide and prohexadione calcium increased row visibility in all experiments. Main stem height was shorter at the end of the season when cyclanilide and prohexadione calcium were applied compared with non-treated peanut in all experiments except one. Prohexadione calcium improved row visibility compared with cyclanilide in three experiments and equaled cyclanilide in seven experiments. Main stem height was similar following application of cyclanilide and prohexadione calcium in eight of the 10 experiments. When pooled over experiments, pod yield ranged from 4210 to 4480 kg/ha and did not differ between non-treated peanut and peanut treated with either plant growth regulator. However, prohexadione calcium did increase pod yield of peanut compared with cyclanilide. Results indicate that cyclanilide is not as effective as prohexadione calcium in managing peanut vine growth because of inconsistent enhancement of row visibility and possible negative impacts on pod yield.
Improving Shelf Life of Roasted and Salted Inshell Peanuts Using High Oleic Fatty Acid Chemistry
Authors: Mozingo R. W. , O'Keefe S. F. , Sanders T. H. , Hendrix K. W.
Published: June 2010

Major markets for the large-seeded virginia-type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) include roasted inshell and salted inshell products with short shelf life being a common consumer complaint. Unlike many other peanut products, it is not economically possible to package these inshell peanuts in nitrogen flushed, oxygen barrier bags. A number of studies have shown that roasted runner-type peanuts with high contents of oleic fatty acid have improved oxidative stability and longer shelf life. A large-seeded, virginia-type peanut cultivar (AgraTech VC-2) with the high oleic trait has been released but no information is available on its shelf life stability. Therefore, this high oleic cultivar and the normal oleic cultivar VA 98R from the 2000 and 2001 crop were used for shelf life evaluations. Peanuts were sized into the fancy inshell grade for roasted inshell and salted inshell products. Peroxide value (PV) results for the roasted inshell peanuts indicated that normal oleic fatty acid (50% range) peanuts reached a PV of 20 meq/kg by the end of 4 wk of storage. On the other hand, the high oleic fatty acid (80% range) peanuts did not reach a value of 20 meq/kg until approximately 32 wk. When salted inshell the normal oleic peanuts exceed a PV of 20 meq/kg before the 2nd wk, whereas the high oleic peanuts still had not reached a PV of 20 meq/kg after 40 wk of storage. These results show a significant advantage of high oleic peanuts for extending shelf life of large-seeded, virginia-type peanuts for either roasted or salted inshell processing.
Field Evaluations of Peanut Germplasm for Resistance to Stem Rot Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii1
Authors: Gorbet D. W. , Kucharek T. A. , Shokes F. M. , Brenneman T. B.
Published: June 2010

Southern stem rot, caused by the soilborne fungus Sclerotium rolfsii, is a major disease of peanut (A. hypogaea) in the U.S. Advanced lines from the Univ. of Florida peanut breeding program were evaluated in field tests at the Marianna North Florida Res. and Educ. Center for resistance to stem rot. Breeding lines and cultivars were evaluated in irrigated field studies in 1999 to 2001. Plants were inoculated at 55 to 65 d after planting with aggressive isolates of S. rolfsii that were grown on grain-based (oats, corn) medium in the laboratory. Entries planted in three tests were grouped based on maturity (early, medium, late). Additional split-plot field tests were conducted to compare inoculated vs. uninoculated plants of selected lines. Late-maturing entries consistently showed the highest levels of resistance to stem rot and greatest pod yields. In general, early and medium entries had similar yields, but some medium-maturing entries had greater pod yields and better disease resistance than any of the early genotypes. The mean pod yields for the early, medium and late maturity groups were 2697, 2780, and 4301 kg/ha, respectively. The mean disease ratings on a 1–10 scale (1 ≤ 10% disease; 10 ≥ 90% of plants dead or dying) were 4.6, 4.4, and 3.4, for the early, medium, and late maturity groups, respectively. The mean yield loss to stem rot in the split-plot test was 706 kg/ha. New cultivars with resistance to stem rot were released from the Florida Agric. Exp. Sta. in 2002 and 2003 from material reported in these tests.
Effect of Cultivar and Plant Population on Spotted Wilt in Virginia Market-Type Peanut
Authors: Hurt C. A. , Brandenburg R. L. , Jordan D. L. , Kennedy G. G. , Bailey J. E.
Published: June 2010

Field experiments were conducted in North Carolina during 2001 and 2002 to evaluate the impact of cultivar and plant population on the incidence of symptoms of tomato spotted wilt virus, which is transmitted primarily by tobacco thrips [Frankliniellafusca (Hinds) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)]. Treatments included the Virginia market-type cultivars Gregory, NC-V 11, and Perry seeded at in-row plant populations of 7, 13, and 17 plants/m. In these experiments, there was a consistent trend for increased foliar injury from thrips as plant population decreased. Less thrips feeding injury was noted for Gregory and Perry than for NC-V 11. Incidence of visual symptoms of spotted wilt (SW) was recorded from mid-June through mid-September. A plant condition rating was recorded late in the season. Consistent with the results for thrips-induced injury, the percentage of plants infected with SW and the plant condition rating increased as plant population decreased. Gregory had the lowest SW incidence, while NC-V 11 was intermediate between Gregory and the most susceptible Perry. Establishing higher plant densities and planting Gregory rather than NC-V 11 or Perry reduced SW incidence and plant condition rating. Gregory had consistently the highest %ELK (extra large kernels) and %FP (fancy pods) across treatments and locations whereas no definitive trend in market grade characteristics were noted among treatments. In some cases, Perry had a higher incidence of SW, but still had higher pod yields than NC-V 11 with a lower incidence of SW. However, in most cases pod yield correlated with plant condition ratings, and as thrips injury increased, pod yield decreased.
Sexual intercourse and cerebral aneurysmal rupture: potential mechanisms and precipitants
Authors: Reynolds Matthew R. , Willie Jon T. , Zipfel Gregory J. , Dacey Ralph G.
Published: June 2010

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a significant cause of death in young and middle-aged individuals and causes tremendous morbidity in affected patients. Despite the identification of various risk factors, the series of events leading to the formation, growth, and rupture of intracranial aneurysms is poorly understood. Cerebral aneurysm rupture has been associated with sexual intercourse and other forms of physical exercise. In fact, multiple case series reported that coitus was the immediate preceding activity in 3.8–14.5% of patients suffering from aneurysmal SAH. This may be related to the large elevations in mean arterial blood pressure that occur in both males and females during sexual intercourse (130–175 and 125–160 mm Hg, respectively). While coitus and physical exercise share important physiological similarities, each may differentially affect the probability that a preformed aneurysm will rupture. In this literature review and synthesis, the authors analyze the physiological human response to sexual intercourse in an effort to delineate those factors that may precipitate aneurysmal rupture. The authors' analysis is based on the original data collected by Masters and Johnson. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first review to address the link between sexual intercourse and intracranial aneurysmal rupture. While actual measurements of the physiological variables relevant to SAH were not performed in this article, the authors make reasonable assumptions based on the available data to help elucidate the mechanism of sexually induced aneurysmal rupture.
Super Network on the Prairie: The Discursive Framing of Broadband Connectivity by Policy Planners and Rural Residents in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Bakardjieva Maria , Williams Amanda
Published: June 2010

This paper focuses on the case of the SuperNet, an infrastructure project designed and sponsored by the provincial government of Alberta, Canada with the objective of providing broadband connectivity to public facilities, businesses and residences in rural communities. The data were collected through individual interviews, focus groups, and town hall meetings in the course of a collaborative research initiative (The SuperNet Research Alliance) that investigated the social construction of the broadband network from multiple perspectives. The objective of the paper is to examine in parallel the discourses in which the concept of broadband connectivity acquired meaning and substance at the levels of 1) provincial government and industry policy planners and 2) the residents of the rural communities who were the intended beneficiaries of the SuperNet. Using actor-network theory as a departure point, this analysis takes stock of the framing devices employed in the two sets of discourses and of the distinctive worldviews that generated them. It looks for the meeting points and the disjunctions between the grand visions and the grounded projections underlying the positions taken by the two respective categories of actors. Differences in the interpretation and appropriation of broadband among rural Albertans themselves are discerned and related to social factors characterizing different situations within rural areas. Rural broadband connectivity thus emerges not so much as a one-dimensional access equalizer for rural people, but as a complex mediator of opportunity, participation and identity.
Mediatization, Spatial Coherence and Social Sustainability: The Role of Digital Media Networks in a Swedish Countryside Community
Authors: Jansson André
Published: June 2010

What does the implementation of new communication networks mean for the spatial coherence and social sustainability of rural communities? This paper takes its key from Wittel’s discussion of network sociality, understood as the opposite of Gemeinschaft. Wittel’s argument may inform our understanding of how communicative patterns in rural communities are partly reembedded through ongoing media transitions. But it must also be problematized. Relating Wittel’s discussion to Halfacree’s model of spatial coherence and Urry’s notion of network capital, as well as to findings from an ethnographic study in a Swedish countryside community, a more complex view is presented. It is argued that global communication networks under rural conditions contribute to the integration and sustainability of the community, as much as to processes of expansion and differentiation. The results show that network sociality and community constitute interdependent concepts. Through their capacity of linking people to external realms of interest, while simultaneously reinforcing their sense of belonging in the local community, online media promote ontological security at the individual level, thus operating as a social stabilizer.
Commercialization of Lesbian Identities in Showtime’s The L-word
Authors: Ladendorf Martina
Published: June 2010

The article discusses recent developments in media culture through one case study: The L-word, the first television series narratively centered around lesbian and bisexual characters. The business discourse surrounding the series’ production is examined together with the televised text itself and the merchandize connected to The L-word brand. The main research question is why lesbians, a target group previously deemed uninteresting by advertisers and international media conglomerates, have suddenly become demographically desirable. Media producers show increasing interest in the active audience, and encourage fans’ own creativity, for example through social web 2.0 media productions and events, and intermedia storytelling. This is made possible through the televised text’s discursive re-positioning of lesbian identities. The article argues that lesbian identity is a social construction and that it can be seen as an empty or floating signifier, which is filled with new meanings. It also analyzes the immersive online communities and various other merchandize connected to the series as an aspect of thingification, a process were the media is increasingly occupied with things and brands rather than stories and representations. The result is the branded lesbian, or the lesbian brand, which can be seen as an appropriation of lesbian identities.
Nostalgia Spaces of Consumption and Heterotopia: Ramadan Festivities in Istanbul
Authors: Karaosmanoglu Defne
Published: June 2010

Contemporary city cultures are often defined in relation to the processes of late-capitalism and commodification. Today, in various parts of the world, the previously dominant industrial cities have been replaced by cities of consumption (Urry 1995: 123). Cities are treated as sites for representation, masquerade and sociability (Featherstone and Lash 1999: 3). National and religious celebrations and culinary festivals are parts of the dynamism of city life where nostalgia becomes a marketing strategy. This article looks at the nostalgia industry in the contemporary city of Istanbul in connection to the Ramadan festivities and iftar tables as everyday spaces of spectacle and consumption. It examines the ways in which the Ramadan space is articulated in everyday practices not only as a site of spectacle formed by both global and local discourses, but also as a form of sociability that brings people together.
Rural Media Spaces: Communication Geography on New Terrain
Authors: Andersson Magnus , Jansson André
Published: June 2010

No abstract available.
Evaluation of Carbohydrates in Natural and Cultured Cordyceps by Pressurized Liquid Extraction and Gas Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Guan Jia , Yang Feng-Qing , Li Shao-Ping
Published: June 2010

Free and polymeric carbohydrates in Cordyceps, a valued edible mushroom and well-known traditional Chinese medicine, were determined using stepwise pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) extraction and GC-MS. Based on the optimized PLE conditions, acid hydrolysis and derivatization, ten monosaccharides, namely rhamnose, ribose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose, galactose, mannitol, fructose and sorbose in 13 samples of natural and cultured Cordyceps were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed and compared with myo-inositol hexaacetate as internal standard. The results showed that natural C. sinensis contained more than 7.99% free mannitol and a small amount of glucose, while its polysaccharides were usually composed of mannose, glucose and galactose with a molar ratio of 1.00:16.61~3.82:1.60~1.28. However, mannitol in cultured C. sinensis and cultured C. militaris were less than 5.83%, and free glucose was only detected in a few samples, while their polysaccharides were mainly composed of mannose, glucose and galactose with molar ratios of 1.00:3.01~1.09:3.30~1.05 and 1.00:2.86~1.28:1.07~0.78, respectively. Natural and cultured Cordyceps could be discriminated by hierarchical clustering analysis based on its free carbohydrate contents.
Symmetry in Boolean Satisfiability
Authors: Aloul Fadi A.
Published: June 2010

This paper reviews recent approaches on how to accelerate Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) search by exploiting symmetries in the problem space. SAT search algorithms traverse an exponentially large search space looking for an assignment that satisfies a set of constraints. The presence of symmetries in the search space induces equivalence classes on the set of truth assignments. The goal is to use symmetries to avoid traversing all assignments by constraining the search to visit a few representative assignments in each equivalence class. This can lead to a significant reduction in search runtime without affecting the completeness of the search.
«Suspects» in Etiology of Endemic Nephropathy: Aristolochic Acid versus Mycotoxins
Authors: Pepeljnjak Stjepan , Šegvić Klarić Maja
Published: June 2010

Despite many hypotheses that have been challenged, the etiology of endemic nephropathy (EN) is still unknown. At present, the implications of aristolochic acid (AA) and mycotoxins (ochratoxin A—OTA and citrinin—CIT) are under debate. AA-theory is based on renal pathohistological similarities between Chinese herbs nephropathy (CHN) and EN, findings of AA-DNA adducts in EN and in patients with urinary tract tumors (UTT), as well as the domination of A:T→T:A transversions in the p53 mutational spectrum of UTT patients, which corresponds with findings of such mutations in AA-treated rats. However, exposure pathways of EN residents to AA are unclear. Experimental studies attempting to deduce whether nephrotoxins OTA and CIT appear at higher frequencies or levels (or both) in the food and blood or urine of EN residents support the mycotoxin theory. Also, some molecular studies revealed the presence of OTA-DNA adducts in the renal tissue of EN and UTT patients. In this review, data supporting or arguing against AA and mycotoxin theory are presented and discussed.
Heterogeneous selection on trichome production in AlaskanArabidopsis kamchatica(Brassicaceae)
Authors: Steets Janette A. , Takebayashi Naoki , Byrnes Jeffrey M. , Wolf Diana E.
Published: June 2010

•Premise of the study: Environmental heterogeneity is thought to be one of the primary factors in the evolutionary maintenance of morphological variation. Here, we explore the role of environmental heterogeneity in the maintenance of variation in leaf hair (trichome) production inArabidopsis kamchatica.

•Methods: We investigate abiotic correlates of trichome production inA. kamchaticavia surveys of both herbarium specimens and wild populations. In addition, we examine patterns of phenotypic selection on trichome production among populations that differ in environmental characteristics.

•Key results: Trichome‐producing herbarium specimens were more likely to occur at lower latitudes and in locations with lower mean annual precipitation and less annual variation in temperature than glabrous specimens. In surveys of wild populations, frequencies of trichome‐producing plants were higher in drier habitats than in wetter environments. Using phenotypic selection analysis, we found divergent selection through female fitness (fruit production) on trichome number in populations that differ in environmental characteristics; there was selection for reduced trichome number in one population and selection for increased trichome number in another population. In a population containing both glabrous and trichome‐producing plants, glabrous plants produced significantly more fruits than trichome‐producing individuals, which indicates selection against the trichome morph.

•Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that there is heterogeneity in selection among populations, which could be responsible for the maintenance of trichome variation in Alaskan populations ofA. kamchatica.
Enhancing the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Skills of Preceptors: An Australian Perspective
Authors: Smedley Alison , Morey Peter , Race Paul
Published: June 2010

Within the context of nursing education in Australia, the registered nurse (RN) preceptor plays an invaluable role with nursing students; however, many are not specifically trained for this role. This study explored the perceptions of practicing preceptors from one health care facility after completion of a specially designed preceptor program. Results indicated that the participants perceived that the program had increased their knowledge of teaching and learning and increased their skills as preceptors. Further results suggested that when the RN preceptor’s knowledge of the teaching and learning process increased, it led to an increase in the RN preceptor’s generic preceptor skills. This increased the RN preceptor’s confidence, leading to a more positive attitude toward student nurses and a positive effect on preceptor functioning, enhancing the preceptor’s ability to include students more in daily nursing tasks.
Purpose of the Systematic Physical Assessment in Everyday Practice: Critique of a “Sacred Cow”
Authors: Zambas Shelaine Iris
Published: June 2010

Although considered an essential nursing skill, systematic physical assessment is rarely visible in everyday practice. Some nurses question whether systematic physical assessment is relevant to nursing, and others complain that they do not see it used in practice. Why is this, when these skills are considered so integral to nursing? This article challenges nurse educators to reflect on the purpose of the systematic physical assessment within nursing by analyzing the underlying assumptions of this apparent “sacred cow.”
Optic Nerve Aplasia in Aicardi Syndrome
Authors: Aziz Hassan A. , Sisk Robert A. , Berrocal Audina M. , Murray Timothy G.
Published: June 2010

Aicardi syndrome, first described by French neurologist Jean François Marie Aicardi in 1965, is a constellation of features characterized mainly by the triad of early infantile spasms, chorioretinal lacunae, and agenesis of the corpus callosum. The authors describe a 1-year-old child with Aicardi syndrome with previously unreported ophthalmic features of aplasia of the right optic nerve and bilateral iris colobomas.
Use of Anterior Segment OCT in the Evaluation and Management of Congenital Aphakia
Authors: Chow Vanissa W. S. , Wong Amy L. , Fan Dorothy S. P.
Published: June 2010

Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) is a noninvasive technology capable of capturing high-resolution images of the anterior segment. With AS-OCT, a 7-year-old boy with nystagmus was diagnosed as having secondary congenital aphakia. The presence of lens capsules on the AS-OCT was of significant prognostic and management value and the child later benefited from bilateral sulcus-fixated intraocular lens implantation surgery. AS-OCT also required less cooperation from the patient compared to ultrasound biomicroscopy. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of congenital aphakia diagnosed by AS-OCT.
Chorioretinal Lacunae: Pathognomonic Findings for Aicardi Syndrome
Authors: Guerriero Silvana , Sciruicchio Vittorio , De Blasi Roberto , Furino Claudio , Smaldone Giuseppe , Ciracì Lorenza , Galeone Dante
Published: June 2010

Aicardi syndrome is characterized by agenesis of the corpus callosum, chorioretinal lacunae, and infantile spasms. The authors describe the case of a girl with chorioretinal lacunae, seizures, and cerebral cyst, but a normal corpus callosum. Incomplete forms of Aicardi syndrome are reported in the literature, but typical choroidal lacunae are always present and are pathognomonic.
Esotropia in Kabuki Syndrome
Authors: Sharma Pradeep , Dave Vivek
Published: June 2010

Kabuki syndrome is a mental retardation–malformation syndrome affecting multiple organ systems. The typical facies resembles the make-up worn in Japanese Kabuki theater. Although there are several clinical findings, the ocular findings affecting vision have been underreported. The current patient shows esotropia and previously unreported nummular corneal opacities.
Congenital Absence of Salivary and Lacrimal Glands Accompanied by Growth and Development Retardation
Authors: Gok Faysal , Mutlu Fatih Mehmet , Sari Erkan , Demirkaya Erkan , Altinsoy Halil Ibrahim , Bernd Wollnik
Published: June 2010

Congenital absence or hypoplasia of some or all major salivary or lacrimal glands, nasolacrimal ducts, and puncta is a rare autosomal dominant disorder. Phenotypical expression may show great variability, and the diagnosis may be difficult. Only a few cases have been reported in the literature. This report describes a patient who has all of the essential features suggestive of aplasia of the lacrimal and salivary glands, as well as retardation of growth and development. Although the characteristic features of aplasia of the lacrimal and salivary glands have been described, an association with development and growth retardation has not been reported in the literature.
Linear Nevus Sebaceous Syndrome in a Patient With Atypical Associated Abnormalities
Authors: Lin Haotian , Yan Jianhua
Published: June 2010

A 3-year-old girl was diagnosed as having linear nevus sebaceous syndrome. The nevus sebaceous was located on the left side of the face and neck. An unusually large lacrimal gland was completely ectopic below the entire left conjunctiva, with secondary ectropion of the left upper eyelid. The patient had the unusual finding of dentigerous cysts in both maxillary sinuses. Computed tomography scan showed atrophy of the left cerebral hemisphere, accompanied by a history of seizures; furthermore, the patient was mentally retarded. This phenotypic pattern of linear nevus sebaceous syndrome is typical for patients with multiple associated abnormalities.
Limbal Stem Cell Transplantation with Amniotic Membrane for the Treatment of Uniocular Chemical Burn in Children
Authors: Canturk Silay , Akova Yonca , Oner Veysi
Published: June 2010

This study evaluated the outcome of corneal surface reconstruction with conjunctival limbal autograft and amniotic membrane transplantation in two children with unilateral ocular chemical burn who underwent surgery. Visual acuity improved from counting fingers at face to 20/60 in one patient and from counting fingers at 30 cm to 20/100 in the other. Both patients received simultaneous symblepharon lysis and regained deep fornices. When used in combination with amniotic membrane, conjunctival autograft allows correction of cicatricial abnormalities and early restoration of corneal surface integrity. Intervention within 6 months is desirable for rehabilitation of vision in the amblyogenic period.
High-Resolution Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Images of Alström Syndrome
Authors: Vingolo Enzo Maria , Salvatore Serena , Grenga Pier Luigi , Maffei Pietro , Milan Gabriella , Marshall Jan
Published: June 2010

Alström syndrome is a multisystemic disorder characterized by cone–rod dystrophy, hearing loss, obesity, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dilated cardiomyopathy, and progressive hepatic and renal dysfunction. The cone–rod retinal dystrophy usually develops within a few weeks after birth. The authors examined a young boy with Alström syndrome by means of microperimetry and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). Instead of the typical alterations observed in cone–rod dystrophies, the characteristics of the central foveal tissue suggest signs of retinal immaturity, with only a single layer of short, thick cones and rods and immature short outer segments. High-speed and high-resolution spectral domain OCT allowed a detailed analysis of retinal layers in a young patient with Alström syndrome for the first time.
Another Case of Congenital Pupillary-Iris-Lens Membrane With Goniodysgenesis
Authors: Chu Edward Rickie , Taranath Deepa Ajay
Published: June 2010

The authors present a case of congenital pupillary-iris-lens membrane with goniodysgenesis, a unilateral, sporadic, and congenital anomaly with the presence of a vascularized pupillary membrane on the iris surface that further adheres to the posterior embryotoxon. Early diagnosis and treatment is vital to prevent complications such as amblyopia and glaucoma.
Orbital Foreign Bodies: Expect the Unexpected
Authors: Gawdat Tamer I. , Ahmed Rania A.
Published: June 2010

Data of three pediatric patients with orbitofacial trauma were reviewed. Two patients presented with recurrent orbital inflammation with partial remission with antibiotics. One patient presented with diplopia. All patients underwent full opthalmic examination and computed tomography (CT) of the brain and orbit, followed by surgical intervention. The indication for surgery was either abscess evacuation, repair of blowout fracture, or mass excision. All of the patients had intraorbital wood foreign bodies that were not evident on CT and were not suspected from the history given by the parents. All were surgically removed. One patient had multiple wood foreign bodies (more than 10). Chronic or recurrent orbital inflammation, unexplained proptosis, or orbital masses following orbitofacial trauma in children should raise the suspicion of intraorbital foreign bodies even if not detected by CT studies. Presence of other sequelae of trauma such as blowout fracture does not exclude the possibility of associated foreign bodies.
Myofibroma of the Conjunctiva Invading the Cornea in Infancy
Authors: Lascaratos Gerassimos , Gupta Manish , Bridges Leslie , MacRae Mary
Published: June 2010

The authors report a novel case of solitary infantile myofibroma originating from the conjunctiva and encroaching over the limbus. This is an observational case report with clinicopathologic correlation. Immunostaining of the lesion was positive for vimentin and smooth muscle actin, and negative for pancytokeratin, desmin, myogenin, EMA, myoglobin, HMB45, and MelanA. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of myofibroma originating from the conjunctiva and this case highlights the importance of considering myofibromatosis in the differential diagnosis of unusual conjunctival lesions.
Severe Zone III Retinopathy of Prematurity in an Infant With a Birth Weight of More Than 1,500 Grams
Authors: Rutar Tina , Schwartz Daniel , Good William
Published: June 2010

The authors report zone III stage 3 retinopathy of prematurity requiring treatment in a former 1,692-g 30 6/7-week twin cared for in a modern intensive care nursery. This case highlights the need for identifying biomarkers that increase the risk of severe retinopathy of prematurity so that screening guidelines can be optimized.
Refractive Outcome of Keratoconus Treated by Combined Femtosecond Laser and Big-Bubble Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty
Authors: Buzzonetti Luca , Laborante Antonio , Petrocelli Gianni
Published: June 2010

Purpose:

To report 1-year follow-up in 11 of 13 eyes with keratoconus treated by deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty with a combined femtosecond laser lamellar resection followed by a big-bubble dissection.

Methods:

Thirteen eyes with keratoconus were treated. Recipient and donor were prepared with the 60-kHz IntraLase femtosecond laser (Abbott Medical Optics). In the recipient, the femtosecond laser, after performing a lamellar cut 100 μm above the thinnest corneal point (measured by Pentacam [Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH]), was used to make a mushroom-shaped resection (anterior diameter, 9 mm; posterior diameter, 8 mm) from the same depth. In the donor, the mushroom lamellar thickness was calculated according to an original model based on the recipient preoperative corneal thickness. Upon removal of the recipient lamella, air was injected into the residual stroma to achieve a big bubble. The keratectomy was continued up to Descemet membrane. The donor was fit into place and sutured using interrupted sutures, which were removed by 8 months postoperative. Corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) and refractive astigmatism were calculated by manifest refraction, whereas topographic astigmatism and corneal thickness were measured by Pentacam.

Results:

A big bubble was successfully achieved in 11 eyes. Twelve months after surgery, mean CDVA was 0.52±1.2 (decimal), and refractive sphere and cylinder were −1.50±1.70 diopters (D) and 2.00±2.60 D, respectively. Three (27%) of 11 eyes at 1 year had a manifest refraction spherical equivalent within 1.00 D of emmetropia. Topographic astigmatism was 2.90±1.60 D. The thinnest corneal point was 519±27 μm.

Conclusions:

This combination of a femtosecond laser lamellar dissection with a big-bubble technique can improve the standardization of deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty for keratoconus.
Bilateral Explantation of Visian Implantable Collamer Lenses Secondary to Bilateral Acute Angle Closure Resulting from a Non-Pupillary Block Mechanism
Authors: Khalifa Yousuf M. , Goldsmith Jason , Moshirfar Majid
Published: June 2010

Purpose:

To report a case of bilateral non-pupillary block angle closure glaucoma after Visian Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL, STAAR Surgical) surgery.

Methods:

A 35-year-old woman with high myopia, white-to-white measurements of 11.8 mm in the right eye and 11.9 mm in the left eye, and anterior chamber depths >3 mm in both eyes underwent simultaneous bilateral ICL implantation with 13.2-mm lenses.

Results:

Persistent, bilateral acute angle closure developed despite multiple patent peripheral iridotomies and iridectomies. Visante anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT, Carl Zeiss Meditec) revealed profound vaulting of the ICLs and angle closure. Both ICLs were explanted. After explantation, ultrasound biomicroscopy demonstrated a sulcus-to-sulcus diameter of 10.8 mm in the right eye and 11.2 mm in the left eye.

Conclusions:

The correlation between white-to-white and sulcus-to-sulcus measurements were poor in this patient, resulting in extreme vaulting of the ICL and angle closure from a non-pupillary block mechanism. Proper identification of the mechanism of angle closure is aided by AS-OCT. For non-pupillary block mechanisms, ICL extraction is necessary.
Initial Resident Refractive Surgical Experience: Outcomes of PRK and LASIK for Myopia
Authors: Wagoner Michael D. , Wickard Joseph C. , Wandling George R. , Milder Lisa C. , Rauen Matthew P. , Kitzmann Anna S. , Sutphin John E. , Goins Kenneth M.
Published: June 2010

Purpose:

To evaluate and compare the outcome of initial resident surgical experience with photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and LASIK.

Methods:

Retrospective review of all cases performed with the VISX Star S4 platform (Abbott Medical Optics) between July 1, 2003 and June 30, 2007. Inclusion criteria were spherical equivalent of −0.50 to −10.00 diopters (D), refractive astigmatic error of ≤3.00 D, intention to provide full distance correction, and minimum 3-month postoperative follow-up after initial ablation or retreatment (if performed).

Results:

A total of 153 cases performed by 20 different residents met the inclusion criteria; 38 eyes underwent PRK and 115 eyes had LASIK. After initial treatment, mean Snellen uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) after PRK was 20/17.3 and after LASIK was 20/19.5. Photorefractive keratectomy was associated with a significantly better approximation between preoperative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) and postoperative UDVA (ΔlogMAR 0.009 vs 0.091;
P
=.004) and a greater percentage of eyes that achieved UDVA of 20/20 or better (94.7% vs 78.3%;
P
=.02) or 20/30 or better (100% vs 87.8%;
P
=.02). There was a higher prevalence of retreatment in eyes that underwent LASIK (7.0% vs 0%;
P
=.20). One (0.9%) eye lost 2 lines of CDVA after LASIK.

Conclusions:

Supervised refractive surgery residents can achieve excellent visual outcomes in patients operated during their initial refractive experience. Photorefractive keratectomy was associated with better visual outcome than LASIK.
Successful Treatment of Recurrent Epithelial Ingrowth Associated with Interface Fluid Syndrome, Flap Necrosis, and Epithelial Defects Following LASIK
Authors: Elderkin Saba J. , Epstein Randy J. , Seldomridge Dianna L.
Published: June 2010

Purpose:

To report the successful treatment of two patients who developed flap necrosis preceded by recurrent epithelial ingrowth and interface fluid syndrome after LASIK.

Methods:

Patient 1 was treated with epithelial debridement and flap suturing. Patient 2 was initially treated with epithelial debridement and flap suturing, but developed recurrent epithelial ingrowth in the right eye and 2 weeks later in the left eye.

Results:

Patient 1 developed diffuse interface fluid accumulation in the left eye after epithelial debridement and flap suturing and was treated with timolol meleate 0.5% solution and methazolamide. The interface fluid resolved and the cornea and flap became clear. Slit-lamp examination identified a small area of epithelial ingrowth recurrence, which has remained stable for 3 years. Patient 2 was successfully retreated with epithelial debridement followed by fibrin tissue adhesive application. Five months after debridement and fibrin tissue adhesive, no recurrence of epithelial ingrowth or interface fluid accumulation was noted.

Conclusions:

Epithelial ingrowth and interface fluid syndrome may be associated with secondary flap necrosis following LASIK, which can be effectively treated with debridement and flap suturing or fibrin tissue adhesive application.
Unintended Epithelium-Only Flap Creation Using a Femtosecond Laser During LASIK
Authors: Kymionis George D. , Portaliou Dimitra M. , Krasia Maria S. , Karavitaki Alexandra E. , Grentzelos Michael A. , Panagopoulou Sophia I. , Kounis George A. , Pallikaris Ioannis G.
Published: June 2010

Purpose:

To present a patient in whom, during LASIK with the IntraLase femtosecond laser (Abbott Medical Optics), unintended epithelial (instead of anterior stromal) flaps were created in both eyes.

Methods:

A 28-year-old man underwent bilateral LASIK using the IntraLase femtosecond laser programmed to create 100-μm flaps. Flap creation was performed uneventfully in both eyes but flap thickness was thinner than attempted. The flaps were easily torn during flap lift because they appeared to consist of epithelium only. Therefore, the procedure was immediately converted to photorefractive keratectomy with the use of mitomycin C.

Results:

Re-epithelialization occurred 3 days after the procedure in both eyes. Three months after treatment, uncorrected distance visual acuity was 20/25 in the right eye and 20/20 in the left eye with no signs of corneal haze on slit-lamp examination.

Conclusions:

Despite the advantages of the IntraLase femtosecond laser in the creation of a LASIK flap, complications in terms of flap thickness may occur.
The influence of the géomorphologic heritage on present slope dynamics. The Gredos Cirque, Spain
Authors: Muñoz Julio , Palacios David , De Marcos Javier
Published: June 2010

La investigación se llevó a cabo en la cabecera de un valle en un área de origen glaciar: Circo de Gredos, situado en la cara Norte de la Sierra de Gredos (Sistema Central) a 40 ° de latitud Norte, bajo su pico más alto (Almanzor, 2592 m de altitud). Este trabajo analiza los diferentes paisajes y deduce a partir de ello la historia geomorfológica del Circo. Además, se estudia la acumulación y permanencia de la cubierta nival, como fuente fundamental de agua, principal agente actualmente de la erosión. Las conclusiones muestran la relación entre sedimentos antiguos y la distribución del manto meteorizado y la capacidad efectiva de la actividad erosiva actual en las laderas. Como resultado de este trabajo se propuso un modelo de dinámica de vertientes para áreas glaciadas en la península Ibérica. De acuerdo con este modelo, los glaciares pleistocenos acentuaron una significativa asimetría geomorfológica entre las laderas al Este y al Oeste de la cabecera del valle. El modelo actual de distribución de la nieve asemeja esta situación durante el Pleistoceno Aunque las cantidades de nieve son significativamente menores, éste es actualmente el principal agente de erosión y está acentuando este contraste. Esto es debido a que con la excepción de las altas temperaturas medias, especialmente en verano, continúa el mismo sistema de acumulación de nieve que durante el Pleistoceno. Este modelo permitirá que sean iniciados trabajos de investigación sobre la dinámica actual del Circo de Credos, donde nunca habían sido llevados a cabo anteriormente.
Typologie et dynamique forestières: Un exemple en Barousse (Hautes Pyrénées)
Authors: Mazars Jacqueline
Published: June 2010

[fr] L'analyse phytoécologique de hêtraies des Pyrénées Centrales (Barousse) montre que ce sont surtout les variations des conditions hydriques qui déterminent, sur un même substrat colluvial, les différentes unités stationnelles observées. Cette approche, complétée par des études historiques 'mettant en lumière le déterminisme anthropique de la disparition presque totale du Sapin de cette région, permet, en partie, de connaître les potentialités forestières réelles (hêtraiesapinière, sapinière). L'analyse structurale des peuplements, anciennement ouverts par surexploitation, indique une fermeture généralisée du couvert et une dynamique d'extension de ces formations souvent par l'intermédiaire de phases pionnières.
Activity rhythms and the influence of some environmental variables on summer ungulate behaviour in Ordesa-Monte Perdido National Park
Authors: Aldezabal A. , Garin I. , García-González R.
Published: June 2010

[es] Se estudian los ritmos de actividad diarios y la distribución del tiempo entre diferentes actividades, de cuatro grandes herbívoros (vacas, ovejas, cabras y rebecos) que utilizan durante el verano la misma unidad pastoral (Puerto de Góriz, Parque Nacional de Ordesa) en el Pirineo Central. Asimismo, se determina la influencia de diversas variables ambientales (altitud, pendiente y cobertura vegetal) sobre la conducta de dichos rumiantes. El pastoreo es la actividad a la que más tiempo dedican todas las especies: vacas 48%, ovejas 53%, cabras 55% y rebecos 68%. El ganado vacuno es la especie que más tiempo dedica al descanso (41%) y el ovino el que más tiempo emplea en desplazarse (35%). Los resultados sugieren la existencia de una relación inversa entre tamaño corporal y tiempo dedicado al pastoreo, ya apuntada por otros autores. Vacas y cabras presentan dos períodos máximos de pastoreo a primeras horas de la mañana y al atardecer, mientras que ovejas y rebecos presentan varios máximos de pastoreo a lo largo del día. Vacas y rebecos muestran claras relaciones entre varios tipos de actividad y los factores ambientales, mientras que la relación es menos aparente para ovejas y cabras.

[fr] Nous avons étudié les rythmes d'activité journaliers ainsi que la distribution temporelle des différents types de comportement de quatre ongulés {vaches, brebis, chèvres et isards); ils utilisent la même unité pastorale (estive de Goriz) dans les Pyrénées Centrales, au Parc National d'Ordesa. Aussi nous avons evalué l'influence de diverses variables environnenmentales (altitude, pente et recouvrement végétal) sur le comportement des rumiants. Le pâturage devient l'activité prépondérante chez toutes les espèces: vaches 58%, brebis 53%, chèvres 55% et isards 68% du temps diurne. Les bovins passent plus de temps que les autres au repos (41%) et les brebis dédient beaucoup de leur temps au déplacement (35%). Ces résultats suggèrent une relation inverse le poids vif et le temps du pâturage, phénomène déjà noté par d'autres. Bovins et caprins montrent deus périodes maximales de pâturage: le matin et la tombée du jour, tandis qu'ovins et isards présentent plusieurs pics du pâturage pendant la journée. Enfin bovins et isards montrent des relations significatives entre chacun des différents types de conduite et certains de l'environnement, tandis que ces rapports s'avèrent moins clairs pour les brebis et les caprins.
Sustainable Ecological Aquaculture Systems: The Need for a New Social Contract for Aquaculture Development
Authors: Costa-Pierce Barry A.
Published: June 2010

AbstractEcohistories of aquaculture suggest that aquaculture is a natural part of human development throughout history and that modern, industrial aquaculture could strengthen its social and ecological roots by articulating its evolution along a sustainability trajectory
and by adopting fully the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) ecosystems approach to aquaculture (EAA; Soto et al., 2008). The EAA creates a new code for global aquaculture development, combining into one common framework the two most
important social‐ecological trajectories for global aquaculture—aquaculture for the world’s rich and aquaculture for the world’s poor. Knowledge of the rich archeology and anthropology of aquaculture connects this FAO code to antiquity, creating a single development
pathway for aquaculture throughout human history. Without widespread adoption of an EAA, FAO (2009) projections of aquaculture development over the next 30 years may provide a far too optimistic scenario for its global growth. In this regard,
aquaculture over the last 20 years has been criticized as lacking adequate attention and investment in developing grassroots, democratic, extension processes to engage a broader group of stakeholders to evolve the “blue revolution.” As an example, there has been a failure of fisheries
and aquaculture to plan together to ensure sustainable supplies of seafood—the world’s most valuable proteins for human health—for seafood-eating peoples. Nonfed aquaculture (seaweeds, shellfish) has received worldwide attention for its rapid movement toward greater sustainability,
which has led to more widespread social acceptance. For fed aquaculture, recent trends analyses have suggested that aquaculture is turning from the ocean to land-based agriculture to provide its protein feeds and oils. As such, more sophisticated, ecologically planned and designed “aquaculture
ecosystems” will become more widespread because they better fit the social‐ecological context of both rich and poor countries. Ecological aquaculture provides the basis for developing a new social contract for aquaculture that is inclusive of all stakeholders and decision makers
in fisheries, agriculture, and ecosystems conservation and restoration.