bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formulating and teaching a course in international social work: Some curriculum and pedagogical insights from the Indian context
Authors: Bodhi Sainkupar Ranee
Published: August 2021

This article engages with International Social Work education. The subject is new, and in many countries, especially in India, content for teaching has only begun to be formulated. While many attempts are being made across the world to provide international social work with a sound theoretical base, these efforts are only beginning to take shape in India. This article traverses the thinking, experience, and insights of a social work educator who has engaged in such a process – the development and teaching of a course on international social work for postgraduate students of an institute in Mumbai.
Thermal and electrical conduction of AL/CNT composite
Authors: Billah Md Muktadir , Jiang Jingyin , Shiraz Nayab , Chen Quanfang
Published: August 2021

Authors have investigated the thermal and electrical conduction behavior of Al/MWCNT composite fabricated by powder metallurgy method in which CNTs were pre-encapsulated with Ni. The thermal and electrical conductivity values were found proportional to the addition of CNTs. For 2.5% wt. CNTs addition with HIP treatment, the Al/CNT composite showed thermal conductivity of 476 W/m-k which is about 85% higher than the value of pure Al. Also, the resultant electrical conductivity was 0.405 × 10−8 S which is about 14% higher than the value of pure Al. The increased thermal and electrical conductivity can be attributed mainly to the well dispersion of CNTs through Ni-encapsulation and the enhanced interfacial bonding of Ni-coated CNTs with the matrix. Due to having good electrical conductivity of nickel itself, electrical conductivity of the composite was also enhanced which was further confirmed from First Principle study.
Impact response of nanoparticle reinforced 3D woven spacer/epoxy composites at cryogenic temperatures
Authors: Yıldırım Ferhat , Tatar Ahmet Caner , Eskizeybek Volkan , Avcı Ahmet , Aydın Mustafa
Published: August 2021

Fiber-reinforced polymer composites serving in harsh conditions must maintain their performance during their entire service. The cryogenic impact is one of the most unpredictable loading types, leading to catastrophic failures of composite structures. This study aims to examine the low-velocity impact (LVI) performance of 3D woven spacer glass-epoxy composite experimentally under cryogenic temperatures. LVI tests were conducted under various temperatures ranging from room temperature (RT) to −196°C. Experimental results reveal that the 3D composites gradually absorbed higher impact energies with decreasing temperature. Besides, the effect of multi-walled carbon nanotube and SiO2 nanofiller reinforcements of the matrix on the impact performance and the damage characteristics were further assessed. Nanofiller modification enhanced the impact resistance up to 30%, especially at RT. However, the nanofiller efficiency declined with decreasing temperature. The apparent damages were visually examined by scanning electron microscopy to address the damage formation. Significant outcomes have been achieved with the nanofiller modification regarding the new usage areas of 3D woven composites.
Is It Possible to Measure the Role of the Bystander and the Victim of Bullying in Children? Construct Validity of Two Brief Pictorial Scales With IRT and CFA Models
Authors: Vilca Lindsey W. , Herrera Rocio E. , Caycho-Rodríguez Tomás , Tomás José M. , Herrera-López Mauricio
Published: August 2021

The study's objective was to develop and validate the psychometric properties of two brief pictorial scales to evaluate the roles of bystanders and victims of bullying. A sample of 910 students was considered (49.6%, boys; 50.4%, girls) between the ages of 7 and 13 (M = 10, SD = 1.4). Both instruments present nine pictorial items representing two dimensions: physical bullying (items 1 to 4) and psychological bullying (items 5 to 9). An additional measure of anxiety was used to assess convergent validity. The Confirmatory Factorial Analysis shows that the two-dimensional oblique model, physical bullying and psychological bullying, presents a better fit to the bystander scale data (RMSEA = .040; CFI = .984; SRMR = .033) and in the victim scale (RMSEA = .051; CFI = .978; SRMR = .040) in comparison to other competitor models. From the perspective of the Item Response Theory (IRT), it was found that the items adequately discriminate the levels of the latent variable; therefore, items 1 (physical bullying) and 7 (psychological bullying) are the most accurate on the bystander scale, and items 3 (physical bullying) and 7 (psychological bullying), on the victim scale. It was also found that the degree of difficulty on both scales is lower for the psychological bullying dimension than for the physical bullying dimension. Both instruments demonstrated good psychometric properties; therefore, they can detect school bullying in classrooms.
L’igname et le fruit du nôôle. Plantes, animaux, personnes et collectifs dans le système socio-cosmique d’Arama (Kanaky Nouvelle-Calédonie)
Authors: Monnerie Denis
Published: August 2021

The yearly first fruit ceremony for yams has been described in most societies of Kanaky New Caledonia. In the far north of the country, however, Arama society’s special feature is that a few weeks before the yam ceremony a small ceremony is held which revolves around the fruit of a tree, the nôôle. This ceremony concerns ad hoc collectives of people acting together. Classically in Kanaky New Caledonia, the yam ceremony concerns a localized social configuration, here the Great House and its ancestors. It is made up of four hamlets conceptualized as Houses organized by an order of precedence. This ceremony also concerns kinship groups (and relations with the Catholic Church). This article analyses both ceremonies in relation to their environments, to horticulture and to their sequential unfoldings. Its perspective is a dynamic, processual description of aspects of the Kanak world construed as a socio-cosmic space and system.
Influence of fineness, length and hollow section of fibers on acoustic absorption
Authors: Atiénzar-Navarro Roberto , Bonet-Aracil M , Gisbert-Payá J , del Rey Romina , Picó Rubén
Published: August 2021

A fibrous material is characterized by its fineness, flexibility and high length/fineness ratio and it is used to reduce noise in indoor rooms due to their porous structure. The aim of this work is focused on investigating the structure of two different fibers (acrylic and polyester) from the analysis of the macrostructural parameters, such as fineness, length and cross-section (solid or hollow). Furthermore, the degree of influence of these parameters on the average sound absorption has been investigated. The sound absorption coefficient of fibers is measured at normal incidence in the impedance tube. In acrylic fibers, results showed that the fineness of the fiber has a significant influence on the sound absorption compared to the length of the fiber. In polyester fibers, hollow fibers have a better acoustic behavior compared to solid fibers.
An Examination of the Influence of Emotional Solidarity on Value Cocreation with International Muslim Travelers
Authors: Chua Bee-Lia , Al-Ansi Amr , Han Heesup , Loureiro Sandra Maria Correia , Guerreiro João
Published: August 2021

Given the rising Muslim travel market and the scarcity of research on Muslim inbound market, it is important to elucidate how international Muslim travelers are perceived through the lens of residents in non-Islamic countries. This study provided an insight into how value cocreation is created through emotional solidarity and attitudes in the context of the Muslim travel market. Results of the structural model for American residents were comparatively similar to those of their Korean counterparts, which is indicative of both countries’ acceptance and tolerance of international Muslim travelers. In particular, residents’ openness to experience and the perceived benefit of international Muslim travelers for development of the tourist destination were significant predictors of emotional solidarity. Residents’ emotional solidarity subsequently explained their attitude toward international Muslim travelers. Attitude toward international Muslim travelers would lead to a positive attitude toward Muslim tourism, which in turn, triggered value cocreation behavior with international Muslim travelers.
Linking Organizational Justice to Organizational Commitment Among Nigerian Police Officers
Authors: Sun Ivan Y. , Wu Yuning , Otu Smart E. , Aro Gilbert C. , Akor Ikechukwu Charles , Nnam Macpherson U.
Published: August 2021

Organizational commitment is an imperative aspect of occupational attitudes as it signals employees’ willingness to stay with their organization and effectively achieve collective goals. Although recent studies have assessed factors influencing police officers’ organizational commitment, very little is known about the antecedents of police commitment in African countries. Based on a survey of Nigerian police officers, the study assesses the linkage between organizational justice and organizational commitment directly and indirectly through organizational trust and job satisfaction. Structural equation modeling (SEM) indicates that the relationship between organizational justice and organizational commitment is principally indirect through the mediating mechanisms of supervisory trustworthiness and job satisfaction. Officers who express greater organizational justice report higher trust in their management and supervisors and, subsequently, stronger job satisfaction, leading to higher organizational commitment. Implications for future research and policy are discussed.
Development of the National Otolaryngology Interest Group: Conception to Implementation
Authors: Farsar Cameron J. , Sperling Jared , Quesada Pompeyo R. , Solis Roberto N. , Ojeaga Macaulay , Bowe Sarah N. , Carlson Matthew L. , Brown Jason R. , Levi Jessica R.
Published: August 2021

Otolaryngology is a small and highly sought‐after surgical subspecialty with sparse residency positions, making it competitive to match into. Allopathic (MD) students without home otolaryngology residency programs, osteopathic (DO) medical students, and underrepresented minorities have historically faced additional challenges in matching into otolaryngology. These specific populations generally experience limited opportunities in establishing mentors, engaging in scholarly activity, and gaining early exposure to clinical settings. Even though the American Osteopathic Association and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education merger was in part established to create equity among applicants, there remains a substantial disparity among the match rates of medical students of various educational and cultural backgrounds. The National Otolaryngology Interest Group is a student‐led interest group created to provide all medical students, especially those facing barriers, with the resources needed to best prepare for matching into an otolaryngology residency program and ultimately a career in otolaryngology.
Retrospective Investigation of Contralateral Hearing Thresholds of Patients With Sporadic Vestibular Schwannoma
Authors: Peter Nicole , Huber Alexander , Egli Simon , Held Ulrike , Steigmiller Klaus , Röösli Christof
Published: August 2021

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the contralateral hearing of patients with sporadic vestibular schwannoma (VS).

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Pure‐tone audiograms of the contralateral ear from patients with a wait‐and‐scan strategy were compared to the ones who received therapy. Due to a possible bias caused by the therapy, hearing thresholds before and after radiotherapy or surgery were compared separately with the wait‐and‐scan group.

Methods

From 1979 to 2017, 508 patients with sporadic VS could be included in the study. Of these, 240 received regular controls in the sense of wait‐and‐scan, 72 underwent radiotherapy (63 audiograms before and 43 after radiotherapy), and 196 had a surgery (186 audiograms before and 146 after surgery). Age‐normalized hearing thresholds of the contralateral ear from patients with a wait‐and‐scan strategy were compared to ones who received therapy. In addition, hearing thresholds were compared to norm values.

Results

There was no evidence for a difference in the contralateral hearing of patients with sporadic VS between the wait‐and‐scan and therapy groups. The mean difference of hearing thresholds in our sample to norm values was found to be larger for the high frequencies and more pronounced in male patients.

Conclusion

There was no evidence for a difference in the contralateral hearing loss of patients with sporadic VS between the wait‐and‐scan and therapy groups. However, there was some indirect indication of poorer contralateral hearing in all patients with sporadic VS compared to normative values.
The Legacy of Conflict: Reconstruction and Migration in the Aftermath of Civil War in Tajikistan
Authors: O’Brien Michelle L.
Published: August 2021

How do civil war and subsequent reconstruction efforts affect international migration? Although a wealth of evidence points to violent conflict’s effects on contemporaneous migration and although a rich body of literature examines development’s effects on migration, we know less about the intersection of conflict, development, and migration. This article examines the intersection of these factors nearly a decade after the 1992–1997 civil war in Tajikistan, combining data from the 2007 Tajikistan Living Standards Survey, the Uppsala Conflict Data Program, and original interviews. In a series of logistic regression models, I show that conflict fatalities do not have a direct effect on subsequent migration, while the number of years a district has had a development resource center directly increases the likelihood of migrating. However, the interaction between development and conflict is negative and significant. These findings suggest that conflict’s legacy does not directly impact the likelihood of respondents migrating but instead changes the nature of the relationship between development and migration. This finding illuminates conflict’s potential long-term consequences for migration and extends the migration-development nexus by addressing the role of conflict in the relationship between development and migration. In particular, it suggests that migration research in conflict-affected countries should incorporate measures of both conflict and development, even after a given conflict has ended.
Biosemiotics and Religion: Theoretical Perspectives on Language, Society and the Supernatural
Authors: Alter Joseph S.
Published: August 2021

An anthropological perspective on biosemiosis raises important questions about sociality, ecology and communication in contexts that encompass many different forms of life. As such, these questions are important for understanding the problem of religion in relation to social theory, as well as understanding our collective, biosocial animal history and the development of human culture, as an articulation of power, on an evolutionary time scale. The argument presented here is that biosemiotics provides a framework for extending Talal Asad’s genealogical critique of religion to culture more broadly, providing an important perspective on power in relation to communication and in relation to the ‘supernatural’ attributes of language in a multi-species environment of signs and sign relationships.
Institutional Work and Brand Strategy in the Contested Cannabis Market
Authors: Coskuner-Balli Gökçen , Pehlivan Ekin , Üçok Hughes Mine
Published: August 2021

How can brands adopt institutional work towards establishing themselves in a highly contested market? Defining contested markets as fields in which the plural logics of the market are in tension with each other and/or with societal level logics, our research explores the institutional work of one pioneer brand – MedMen – in the legal cannabis market in the United States. Analysis of MedMen's marketing communication campaigns and corporate press releases between 2018 and 2020 reveal vesting, mimicry, and constructing consumer identities as the main types of institutional work the brand has adopted. Our findings inform extant research on market dynamics by documenting the types of institutional work brands can strategically adopt to establish themselves in contested markets.
Retiform hemangioendothelioma: a rare lesion of the vulva
Authors: Zhang Mingyue , Yin Xiaojiao , Yao Weikai , Liu Ning , Yue Ying
Published: August 2021

Retiform hemangioendothelioma (RH) is a rare borderline-malignant vascular tumor with specific histological characteristics, usually occurring in the limbs and trunk. We report the case of a 63-year-old woman who presented with a painless, oval nodule that had been growing slowly on her left vulva for 3 years. Magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvic cavity revealed a 4.4- × 2.7- × 1.8-cm cystic lesion in the subcutaneous fat of the left vulva. Resection beyond the macroscopic border was performed. Pathology revealed vascular structures with elongated and narrow arborizing vascular channels that were arranged in a retiform pattern resembling rete testis tissue. Immunohistochemical endothelial staining was positive for CD31, CD34, and Friend leukemia integration-1 (FLI-1). The above features confirmed a diagnosis of RH. There was no local recurrence or metastasis during the 26-month follow-up. RH of the vulva is rare, and its diagnosis is supported by specific histological characteristics and immunohistochemical staining for CD31, CD34, and FLI-1. Wide surgical resection with tumor-free margins is important for a favorable prognosis.
Snare-assisted precutting and dual-knife fistulotomy performed during difficult biliary cannulation in a patient with an ectopic papilla of Vater
Authors: Liu Hui , Jiang Chun-Meng , Qu Bo , Wang Zhi-Guo
Published: August 2021

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatobiliary diseases; however, successful biliary cannulation is a prerequisite for this operation. We herein present a new method in a patient in whom cannulation was difficult. A 56-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with choledocholithiasis. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was performed, and duodenoscopy revealed that the patient’s duodenal papilla was located at the initial part of the horizontal segment of the duodenum. Because of the ectopic location of the duodenal papilla, the guidewire could not be inserted into the biliary and pancreatic duct. Therefore, we performed a new method to resolve the problem of difficult cannulation. A polypectomy snare was used to excise the mucosa covering the surface of the intramural segment of the common bile duct, and a dual knife was used to form a fistula. A guidewire was then inserted through the stoma into the bile duct. After the procedure, the bile duct was successfully cannulated and the stones were removed. No complications occurred. This new method may be an alternative treatment to precutting for difficult biliary cannulation in patients with a protruded papilla of Vater.
Analyzing the Newest Interchange Connection at Cairo Metro Network Pertaining to Passenger Flow
Authors: Eldakdoky Soha
Published: August 2021

The French standard governing occupanckes dedicated for gatherings of individuals and institutions receiving the public, including railway stations and tunnels was used in the design of Cairo’s transit network, which consists of three lines connected through three existing interchange connections and one that is currently under construction. There is a lack of studies quantifying passenger evacuation in relation to Cairo transit, especially with regard to the interchange connections. This study assessed the viability of the evacuation methods applied to the design of interchange connections in Egypt. The emergency evacuation procedures for the future interchange connection layout between Lines 1 and 3 were assessed using the French standard and NFPA 130 Standard for Fixed Guideway Transit and Passenger Rail Systems analytical methods. The analysis accounts for the traffic forecast as presented in the Egyptian company for operation and maintenance report for Line 1 and the feasibility study of Line 3. The results demonstrated that the connection was compliant with the French standard, but it did not fully meet NFPA requirements. It was concluded that there is still room for enhancement and for gaps to be considered. Recommendations include undertaking investigations into passenger characteristics and behavior in the context of passenger flow in emergency situations using approaches such as virtual research and field surveys, and simulation techniques.
Modeling Bus Capacity for Bus Stops Using Queuing Theory and Diffusion Approximation
Authors: Wang Chao , Chen Weijie , Xu Yueru , Ye Zhirui
Published: August 2021

For bus service quality and line capacity, one critical influencing factor is bus stop capacity. This paper proposes a bus capacity estimation method incorporating diffusion approximation and queuing theory for individual bus stops. A concurrent queuing system between public transportation vehicles and passengers can be used to describe the scenario of a bus stop. For most of the queuing systems, the explicit distributions of basic characteristics (e.g., waiting time, queue length, and busy period) are difficult to obtain. Therefore, the diffusion approximation method was introduced to deal with this theoretical gap in this study. In this method, a continuous diffusion process was applied to estimate the discrete queuing process. The proposed model was validated using relevant data from seven bus stops. As a comparison, two common methods— Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) formula and M/M/S queuing model (i.e., Poisson arrivals, exponential distribution for bus service time, and S number of berths)—were used to estimate the capacity of the bus stop. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the diffusion approximation method is 7.12%, while the MAPEs of the HCM method and M/M/S queuing model are 16.53% and 10.23%, respectively. Therefore, the proposed model is more accurate and reliable than the others. In addition, the influences of traffic intensity, bus arrival rate, coefficient of variation of bus arrival headway, service time, coefficient of variation of service time, and the number of bus berths on the capacity of bus stops are explored by sensitivity analyses.
Acute chlorine poisoning caused by an accident at a swimming pool
Authors: Na Wu , Wang Yiran , Li An , Zhu Xiaoli , Xue Changjiang , Ye Qiao
Published: August 2021

Chlorine is an irritant gas that is widely used in water purification. Several previous reports had reported accidents of inhalation injuries at swimming pools. However, there have been limited data on the detection of on-site chlorine concentration. This study aims to report a chlorine leakage accident at a swimming pool caused by improper disinfection operations. Calculation using the gas diffusion simulation software showed that the on-site chlorine concentration was 221.45 ppm. When the accident occurred, there were 92 individuals at the swimming pool and the gym, among which 61 were referred to the emergency department of five different hospitals for feeling ill. Among them, 22 patients underwent chest high-resolution computed tomography scans in our hospital. According to the findings, 4 (18.2%) patients had peribronchitis, 3 (13.6%) had tracheobronchitis, 4 (18.2%) had pneumonia, 4 (18.2%) had interstitial pulmonary edema, and 3 (13.6%) had alveolar pulmonary edema. The symptoms of 22 patients who visited our hospital significantly improved after comprehensive treatment. Three months after the accident, 8 of 17 patients presented obstructive ventilation defects or small airway dysfunction. The accidental exposure to chlorine may induce acute poisoning with various respiratory injuries and prolonged lung dysfunction.
Components and Correlates of Personality Coherence in Action, Agency, and Authorship
Authors: Fournier Marc A. , Dong Mengxi , Quitasol Matthew N. , Weststrate Nic M. , Di Domenico Stefano I.
Published: August 2021

Personality coherence is an individual difference capturing the extent to which a person’s psychological characteristics are coordinated, unified, and integrated. The present research addressed the extent to which coherence indicators inter-correlate and predict relevant outcomes over and above the effects of the Big Five among midlife adults ( N = 446). Coherence indicators loaded onto four components: actor coherence, which captured the extent to which people were consistent in their interpersonal values, traits, and behavior; agent coherence, which captured the extent to which people’s goals were coordinated and need-congruent; author coherence, which captured the extent to which people’s self-defining stories were well composed and theme laden; and controlled coherence, which captured the extent to which people experienced their goals as pressured or compelled and as leading them to need-detracting futures. Although actor coherence correlated with both agent and author coherence, agent and author coherence were not correlated. Nevertheless, the actor-, agent-, and author-coherence composites each predicted at least one of the outcome variables (i.e., well-being, autonomy, and ego development) over and above the Big Five. The present findings suggest that the coherence of personality constitutes an individual difference domain of consequence beyond the established content dimensions of personality.
Research on the torsional vibration performance of a CVT powertrain with a dual-mass flywheel damper system
Authors: Yan Zhengfeng , Yin Dale , Chen Lei , Shen Weilei
Published: August 2021

Continuously variable transmissions (CVTs) can achieve continuous changes in speed ratio and can better improve the ride comfort of the car. However, the torque fluctuation of the engine will reduce its transmission efficiency, and the torsional damper is usually matched to improve transmission efficiency and reduce vibration noise. In this paper, the model of a complete vehicle power transmission system was established by using the bond graph method. The relationships between each state variable were obtained according to the system causality and the direction of the power flow, based on which the dynamic model of the entire vehicle power transmission system was derived. A simulation of the powertrain with dual-mass flywheel-continuously variable transmission (DMF-CVT) was carried out, and the torsional stiffness of the dual-mass flywheel (DMF) was optimized. Taking a certain sport-utility vehicle (SUV) as the test bench, the vehicle road testing of the DMF before and after improvement was carried out, and the test results before and after the improvement were compared to verify the correctness of the optimization direction, which provided a reference for the matching and optimization design of the DMF-CVT power transmission system.
The changing status of European Union nationals in the United Kingdom following Brexit: The lived experience of the European Union Settlement Scheme
Authors: Barnard Catherine , Fraser Butlin Sarah , Costello Fiona
Published: August 2021

Following Brexit, European Union citizens now find their rights to live and work in the UK have changed and they had to make an application under the European Union Settlement Scheme, established under the terms of the Withdrawal Agreement, by 30 June 2021 to enable them to continue to live in the UK lawfully. This article examines the experience and perceptions of those navigating the European Union Settlement Scheme and how they feel about life in the UK post-Brexit. It raises questions about identity and belonging. We also examine the other routes European Union nationals, and their family members, are choosing to use to secure their status in the UK. Our research highlights how the impacts of Brexit and European Union Settlement Scheme are unevenly felt and experienced by different European Union national groups. The article concludes that it is likely that we will only be able to measure the true extent of the ‘success’ of the European Union Settlement Scheme after the application gateway has closed on 30 June 2021, by learning what happens to those who fall between the gap, especially those more vulnerable.
Brexucabtagene Autoleucel: A Novel Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Therapy for the Treatment of Mantle Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Anderson Mary Kate , Torosyan Annie , Halford Zachery
Published: August 2021

Objective:

To identify and assess the current literature surrounding the safety, efficacy, and practical considerations of brexucabtagene autoleucel (brexu-cel) for the treatment of relapsed or refractory (r/r) mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).

Data Sources:

An English-based literature search was conducted using the terms “ brexucabtagene autoleucel” AND “ mantle cell lymphoma” OR “ KTE-X19”in PubMed (inception through May 1, 2021), EMBASE (inception through May 1, 2021), and ClinicalTrials.gov.

Study Selection and Data Extraction:

All studies evaluating the use of brexu-cel in MCL were considered for inclusion.

Data Synthesis:

In the pivotal ZUMA-2 trial, brexu-cel demonstrated objective response and complete response rates of 85% and 59%, respectively. These results were consistent among high-risk subgroups. Noteworthy treatment-related adverse effects included grade ≥3 cytopenias (94%), immune effector cell–associated neurotoxicity syndrome (31%), and cytokine release syndrome (15%). Brexu-cel elicited a toxicity profile similar to that of other novel chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell products, with no new safety signals.

Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice:

There are currently no head-to-head clinical trials evaluating brexu-cel against other approved subsequent-line options in r/r MCL. In a relatively small phase II trial, brexu-cel demonstrated impressive response rates in heavily pretreated patients, with few viable alternatives. Long-term safety and efficacy outcomes with brexu-cel are unknown. The prevention, identification, and management of unique CAR T-cell toxicities requires expert care from a well-trained interdisciplinary team.

Conclusion:

Brexu-cel has emerged as a viable treatment option in MCL. Additional studies are required to determine the optimal sequencing and place in therapy for brexu-cel in this highly heterogeneous, pathobiologically distinct, and incurable malignancy.
The Authoritarian Predisposition and American Public Support for Social Security
Authors: Macdonald David
Published: August 2021

Authoritarianism, an individual-level predisposition that favors security, conformity, and certainty, has been powerfully linked with cultural conservatism and support for “strongman” politicians but weakly and inconsistently linked with public opinion toward economic issues. In examining this latter relationship, past work has tended to pose a dichotomous question, is authoritarianism associated with economic liberalism/conservatism or not? Here, I diverge from this approach and argue that authoritarianism is associated with support for one specific program—Social Security. I argue that the unique framing of this program, which emphasizes rule-following, certainty, and deservingness, should resonate with authoritarian-minded individuals. I test this with survey data, primarily from the American National Election Studies (ANES). Overall, I find a positive and substantively significant relationship between authoritarianism and support for Social Security but not for other types of domestic social welfare spending. These findings help us better understand the correlates of mass support for Social Security as well as the policy consequences of authoritarianism. These findings also suggest that Social Security will likely remain popular in an increasingly authoritarian Republican Party.
Respectability Politics and Straight Support for LGB Rights
Authors: Jones Philip Edward
Published: August 2021

Marginalized groups frequently adopt a respectability politics strategy, presenting themselves as adhering to dominant norms to gain public support. The LGBTQ movement, for example, has consciously portrayed same-gender relationships as exemplifying heteronormative values to win over straight Americans. But how effective is this strategy? Two survey experiments show that presenting LGB people as adhering to, or violating, norms of monogamy and exclusivity has null to minimal effects on straight respondents’ views of them or support for their rights. Furthermore, there is no evidence that the effects are moderated by (1) respondents’ political predispositions; or (2) the race, ethnicity, or gender of the LGB people being highlighted. Emphasizing the respectability of same-gender relationships is not as effective as the movement has assumed. More broadly, these results call into question the assumption that highlighting “respectable” members of marginalized groups is an effective way to change public opinion.
Identifying the Assumptions and Bias That Affect Screening and Brief Interventions for Harmful Alcohol Use
Authors: Johnston Brenda
Published: August 2021

Background:

Screening for harmful alcohol use (HAU) is standard in clinical settings; however, self-reports of the quantity/frequency of use are often inconsistent with population survey data and objective assessment. Inaccuracies of self-reported alcohol use prompt exploration of patients’ reluctance to share this information with their health care providers.

Objectives:

The purpose of this article is to identify the assumptions and biases that affect screening and brief interventions for HAU.

Method:

A total of 22 research articles were selected for a systematic review of the literature. The studies included prospective and retrospective studies, randomized controlled trials, case studies, and quantitative and qualitative research from 2015 to 2021.

Results:

This systematic review identified alcohol health literacy, the inherent bias of surveys and screening tools, stigma, avoidance bias, and the normalization/villainization of alcohol use as contributors to the assumptions and biases that affect screening and brief interventions for HAU.

Conclusions:

Exploring these assumptions and biases presents opportunities to develop strategies that promote positive change.
Engaging With Program Adaptations in Evaluation: A Range of Existing Options and a New Opportunity
Authors: Mark Melvin M.
Published: August 2021

Premised on the idea that evaluators should be familiar with a range of approaches to program modifications, I review several existing approaches and then describe another, less well-recognized option. In this newer option, evaluators work with others to identify potentially needed adaptations for select program aspects in advance. In describing this approach, I note the general steps involved and present alternative techniques for identifying, a priori, adaptations that may come to be needed. In the final section, I discuss implications of the a priori adaptation planning approach for the fidelity–adaptation trade-off, past criticism of logic models as overly fixed and linear, potential research and evaluation questions, the development of more detailed views of programs in evaluation theory and training, and possible resistance to adaptation planning. Discussion also considers the potential future of program adaptations in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Effects of Middle School Teachers’ Praise-to-Reprimand Ratios on Students’ Classroom Behavior
Authors: Caldarella Paul , Larsen Ross A. A. , Williams Leslie , Wills Howard P.
Published: August 2021

Middle school teachers frequently struggle with positively managing student behavior. However, praise-to-reprimand ratios (PRRs) have received little research attention. PRRs studied in elementary school have been positively associated with improvements in on-task and prosocial behavior, but limited research has been conducted on optimal PRRs in middle schools. We conducted this study in the context of a randomized control trial of Class-wide Function-related Intervention Teams Middle School (CW-FIT MS) to isolate the effects of one of the main components of the intervention, PRR. After controlling for the intervention, we examined the effects of PRRs in 28 U.S. middle school classrooms on (a) class-wide on-task behavior, (b) on-task behavior of students at risk for emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD), and (c) disruptive behavior of students at risk for EBD. Multivariate regressions revealed a statistically significant linear relationship between middle school PRRs and the variables of interest: As PRRs increased, on-task behavior of the entire class improved, on-task behavior and grades of students at risk for EBD increased, and disruptive behavior of students at risk for EBD decreased. We discuss the implications of our findings and suggest areas for future research.
Online journaling and language learning in intensive summer study abroad programs
Authors: Schenker Theresa
Published: August 2021

In spite of the superior effects of semester- or year-long educational experiences abroad, the majority of students prefers short-term study abroad for which participation numbers are steadily rising. Due to the increased student interest in short-term study abroad options, investigations into how a short stay abroad can be designed to maximize learning outcomes for participants are important. While some studies suggest that technology can have negative impacts on language learning during study abroad, effective inclusion of technology can maximize learning. This article summarizes the results of three years of research investigating the effects of daily online journaling during an intensive German summer program on second language (L2) learners’ writing skills during an intensive German summer program. The context of the program will be described along with the rationale for including online journaling assignments. The study investigates whether there is a relationship between the amount students wrote in their daily blogs and their writing development, and whether students’ linguistic progress can be traced in their journal posts. Lastly, the article will provide a pedagogical evaluation of the benefits of incorporating journaling or blogging in short-term study abroad programs and present suggestions for successful projects. The terms journaling and blogging are used interchangeably in this manuscript; while a blog was used as the journal platform in this project, a different format than a blog can serve the same purpose of providing a space for reflective journaling for students.
Stand out of my sunlight: The mediating role of climate change conspiracy beliefs in the relationship between national collective narcissism and acceptance of climate science
Authors: Bertin Paul , Nera Kenzo , Hamer Katarzyna , Uhl-Haedicke Isabella , Delouvée Sylvain
Published: August 2021

Despite the scientific consensus about the anthropogenic nature of climate change, there are still obstacles hindering society from acknowledging the severity of the situation. Notably, previous research suggests that climate change threats can cause people to display ethnocentric reactions to preserve the ingroup’s interests. In this research, we investigate the relation between collective narcissism and attitudes towards climate science. We argue that national collective narcissism is negatively associated with the acceptance of climate science. We further hypothesized that this relation might be mediated by conspiracy beliefs about climate change, because narcissistic identifiers are prone to hold conspiracy beliefs. In a pilot study ( N = 409), we found that national collective narcissism was significantly associated with climate change conspiracy beliefs. In Study 1 ( N = 295), climate change conspiracy beliefs mediated the negative relation between national collective narcissism and acceptance of climate science. In Study 2 ( N = 375), this mediation was replicated when controlling for other forms of climate skepticism. Lastly, general conspiracy mentality did not mediate this relation, which emphasizes the importance of considering the specificity of climate change conspiracy theories (rather than generic propensity to believe in conspiracy theories) in understanding distrust of climate science.
Dynamics of Youth and Gender Divide in Technology in Bangladesh
Authors: Raihan Selim , Uddin Mahtab , Ahmmed Sakil
Published: August 2021

This article identifies the nature of gendered digital divides between male and female youth (aged 15–29) in the context of Bangladesh. As a measuring indicator for technology inclusiveness, this study examines whether a young male or female owns a mobile phone, the most basic means of accessing the Internet. As observed in the descriptive analysis, on average, 46% of young females have a mobile phone, compared to 79% young males. However, such disparity varies across age cohorts and the divides of rural–urban, poor–non-poor, richer–poorer income deciles, etc. To understand whether there is any significant discrimination against women in terms of technology inclusiveness, this study applies the Blinder–Oaxaca (B–O) decomposition technique. The decomposition analysis shows statistically significant discrimination against women in terms of mobile ownership at both the household and the individual level. The factors such as remittances, average years of schooling of the household members, urban residence, household’s income status, etc., significantly reduce discriminatory behaviour towards young females.

JEL: D63, O33, I21
Flow directed spark stretch and flame propagation in a high-tumble production engine
Authors: Kim Dongchan , Rao Lingzhe , Kook Sanghoon , Oh Heechang , Lee Seung Woo , Baek Hong-kil
Published: August 2021

This study performs endoscopic high-speed imaging to enhance the fundamental knowledge of in-cylinder flow structure and flame development process in a selected high-tumble production engine. The endoscopic high-speed particle image velocimetry (eHS-PIV) was performed for varied engine speeds and intake valve closing (IVC) timings to evaluate their impact on the in-cylinder flow structure in a motored engine condition. On another endoscope engine sharing the same hardware, high-speed flame imaging was conducted to visualise spark stretch and flame propagation. The flow and flame measurements were repeated for over 100 cycles and the ensemble-averaged results are compared. The eHS-PIV showed that a strong tumble vortex is generated during the piston compression with the flow directed towards the exhaust side. As the piston reaches top dead centre (TDC), however, a complex flow breakup involving multiple flow components occurs. This is followed by lateral flow vectors travelling back towards the intake side, which is termed as the bounce-back flow. For a tested engine speed range of 1700–2700 revolutions per minute (rpm), 2500 rpm shows the most significant bounce-back flow as a result of competition between the remaining exhaust-ward tumble flow strength and the newly formed bounce-back flow strength. At a retarded IVC timing, the flow loss leads to a weakened tumble flow and subsequently no bounce-back flow formation to maintain the exhaust-ward TDC flow direction. From the comparison between the flow results and spark/flame high-speed images, a strong positive correlation is found between the TDC flow direction and spark plasma stretch, and subsequently the flame propagation direction. The findings indicate that the TDC flow direction should be considered as a key parameter in the engine design and operating condition settings.
Informal caregiver experiences at the end-of-life of individuals living with dementia with Lewy bodies: An interview study
Authors: Armstrong Melissa J , Alliance Slande , Corsentino Pamela , Lunde Angela , Taylor Angela
Published: August 2021

Individuals with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) commonly die from dementia-related causes, but little is known regarding caregiver experiences during the end-of-life period in DLB. This reflects a critical knowledge gap given the high frequency of informal caregiving for individuals with dementia, high caregiver burden in DLB, and the fact that most individuals with DLB die from this disease. Investigators conducted telephone interviews with family members of individuals who died with DLB in the last 5 years. Investigators used a qualitative descriptive approach to analyze interview transcripts. Participants included 15 children, 13 spouses, and 2 other family members. Interviews averaged 31 min. Major themes included caregivers as the main drivers of care for individuals with DLB throughout the disease course and at the end of life, the impact of DLB features (e.g., fluctuations, hallucinations, and delusions) on end-of-life experiences, experiences relating to the caregiving role, death and post-death experiences, and supports employed by caregivers in the end-of-life period. End-of-life experiences for caregivers of individuals with DLB built on the accumulated burden of the disease course, where caregivers were often responsible for driving DLB care—from making the diagnosis to educating healthcare professionals and double-checking medical decisions. While some end-of-life experiences were consistent with those described in dementia palliative care more generally (e.g., financial stresses, poor sleep, being overwhelmed, and needing increased education and support), many DLB features specifically affected end-of-life caregiver experiences, such as the presence of delusions. Improving caregiver experiences at the end of life in DLB will require improved diagnosis and care for individuals with DLB throughout the disease course and also better strategies for treating behavioral symptoms. More research is needed regarding drivers of quality end-of-life experiences for individuals with DLB and their families and how drivers and strategies may differ between dementias.
# Me Too: Global Progress in Tackling Continued Custodial Violence Against Women: The 10-Year Anniversary of the Bangkok Rules
Authors: Van Hout Marie Claire , Fleißner Simon , Stöver Heino
Published: August 2021

On any given day, almost 11 million people globally are deprived of their liberty. In 2020, the global female population was estimated to be 741,000, an increase of 105,000 since 2010. In order to investigate progress in the adoption of the Bangkok Rules since 2010, we conducted a legal realist assessment based on a global scoping exercise of empirical research and United Nations (UN) reporting, using detailed MESH terms across university and UN databases. We found evidences in 91 documents which directly relate to violations of the Bangkok Rules in 55 countries. By developing a realist account, we document the precarious situation of incarcerated women and continued evidence of systemic failures to protect them from custodial violence and other gender-sensitive human rights breaches worldwide. Despite prison violence constituting a complex and multifaceted phenomenon, very little research (from the United States, Canada, Brazil, Mexico, and Australia) has been conducted on custodial violence against women since 2010. Although standards of detention itself is a focus of UN universal periodic review, special procedures (violence against women) and concluding observations by the UN committees, very few explicitly mentioned women, and the implications of violence against them while incarcerated. We highlight three central aspects that hinder the full implementation of the Bangkok Rules; the past decade of a continued invisible nature of women as prisoners in the system; the continued legitimization, normalization, and trivialization of violence under the pretext of security within their daily lives; and the unawareness and disregard of international (Bangkok and others) rules.