bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between Innovative Development and the Quality of Life of the Countries of the Asia-Pacific Region and the Subjects of the Far East
Authors: Egorov Nikolay
Published: October 2022

The subject of the study is the socio-economic system "innovation activity—the quality of life of the population". The purpose of the work is to determine the degree of interrelation of innovative development and the standard of living of the population in the regions. The research is based on the application of standard methods of data collection and processing, correlation analysis and rating assessment. The official data of statistical collections, foreign and domestic sources of ratings on the global innovation Index (GII), the Human Development Index (HDI), the Quality of life index (QLI) and the value of the Russian Regional Innovation Index (RRII) were used as an information base. Comparative analyses and assessments were carried out for the regions of the Far East and neighboring countries of the Asia-Pacific Region (APR). According to the GII-2021 rating, the APR countries are among the top 15, Russia ranks 45th out of 132 countries, and according to the HDI-2019: Hong Kong is among the top five, the rest of the countries are ranked 11th, Russia occupies 52 position. Khabarovsk and Primorsky Territory, the Republic of Buryatia occupy the leading positions according to the RRII rating. On the basis of the author's econometric model “Triple Helix”, the shares of the actors' contribution to the overall innovative development of the regions of the Far East are determined. It is shown that the three leaders (Sakhalin Region, Khabarovsk and Kamchatka Territory) QLI values than in Russia as a whole, and six regions of the Far East are characterized by an average level of quality of life of the population. The results of the study of the relationship between innovative development and quality of life confirm the existence of a certain correlation between the indicators of RRI/QLI and GII/HDI, which allows us to use standard regression formulas for modeling predictive estimates of the impact of innovative development on improving the level and quality of life of the population in the regions. The results of the work can be useful to the executive bodies of the state authorities of the regions for strategic planning and management of the development of the innovative economy and civil society of the macroregions.
DAMPAK DANA OTONOMI KHUSUS DAN DANA PERIMBANGAN TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN INDEKS PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA DENGAN BELANJA MODAL SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING PADA PEMERINTAHAN KABUPATEN/KOTA DI PROVINSI ACEH TAHUN 2013-2017
Authors: Kamarni Neng , Ginting Chris Yohanes , Septya Maulini
Published: October 2022

Dana Perimbangan dan Dana Otonomi Khusus merupakan jenis dana transfer yang diterima Pemerintah Aceh dari Pemerintah Pusat untuk menjalankan sistem pemerintahannya. Dana transfer tersebut seharusnya dapat menjadi stimulus bagi perkembangan kemajuan daerah dan mendorong peningkatan pembangunan manusia di Provinsi Aceh melalui pengalokasian belanja modal. Namun data dari Biro Pusat Statistik (BPS) tahun 2020 menunjukkan bahwa diantara provinsi-provinsi penerima dana otonomi khusus, yaitu Aceh, Papua Barat, dan Papua, Provinsi Aceh cenderung memiliki nilai pertumbuhan IPM yang paling rendah. Penelitian ini menganalisis dampak penerimaan dana perimbangan dan dana otonomi khusus terhadap perkembangan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) dengan memasukkan variable intervening yaitu belanja modal. Penelitian ini menggunakan populasi pemerintah kabupaten/kota se-Provinsi Aceh sebanyak 23 Kabupaten/Kota. Data yang menjadi rujukan merupakan data sekunder dengan rentang waktu selama 5 tahun (2014-2017). Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan regresi data panel dengan metode Moderated Regression Analysisi (MRA). Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan variable dana otonomi khusus, dana bagi hasil, dana alokasi umum, dana alokasi khusus, dan belanja modal berpengaruh positif terhadap indeks pembangunan manusia. Kemudian variable belanja modal tidak signifikan dalam memoderasi pengaruh dana otonomi khusus dan dana alokasi umum terhadap indeks pembangunan manusia.
PERUBAHAN WARNA RESIN AKRILIK HEAT CURE SETELAH DIRENDAM DENGAN LARUTAN DESINFEKTAN: SCOPING REVIEW
Authors: Ferdina Resa , Surya Leny Sang , Putri Afsyah
Published: October 2022

Gigi tiruan merupakan suatu piranti yang digunakan untuk menggantikan permukaan struktur pengunyahan. Bahan dasar basis yang sering digunakan adalah resin akrilik jenis heat cure. Gigi tiruan yang tidak dibersihkan secara teratur maka akan mengakibatkan menumpuknya sisa makanan pada permukaan gigi tiruan, terdapat berbagai cara untuk merawat gigi tiruan, salah satunya dengan merendam gigi tiruan di dalam larutan desinfektan (khlorheksidin dan sodium hipoklorit). Penggunaan larutan desinfektan dalam jangka waktu yang lama dan terus menerus maka akan timbul permasalahan yaitu dapat terjadi perubahan warna pada basis gigi tiruan. Tujuan dari scoping review ini adalah untuk mengetahui perubahan warna yang terjadi pada resin akrilik heat cure setelah direndam dengan larutan desinfektan, konsentrasi larutan desinfektan yang digunakan, serta waktu yang digunakan pada saat perendaman resin akrilik heat cure sampai terjadi perubahan warna. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode studi pustaka (library searching). Data didapatkan melalui pencarian pada database google scholar, willey on library dan science direct. Hasil pada scoping review ini adalah perubahan warna yang terjadi pada resin akrilik heat cure pada saat perendaman dengan larutan khlorheksidin dan sodium hipoklorit disebabkan karena pada kedua larutan tersebut mengandung zat klorin yang dapat bereaksi dengan resin akrilik heat cure sehingga menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan warna pudar atau putih pucat pada permukaan resin akrilik heat cure. Kesimpulan dari scoping review ini adalah perendaman resin akrilik heat cure dalam konsentrasi lebih dari 0,5% dan dalam jangka waktu lebih dari 15 menit dapat menimbulkan perubahan warna. Perubahan warna pada permukaan resin akrilik ini dapat menggangu estetis pada gigi tiruan serta rasa yang tidak nyaman pada saat digunakan.

Kata Kunci : Stabilitas warna, gigi tiruan, resin akrilik heat cure, desinfektan
ANALISIS INDIKATOR MUTU PELAYANAN KESEHATAN DI INSTALASI GAWAT DARURAT RSUD ARIFIN ACHMAD PADA MASSA PANDEMI COVID 19
Authors: Prasetio Imam Slamet , Marlina Hastuti , Jepisah Doni
Published: October 2022

Rumah sakit mempunyai tugas memberikan pelayanan kesehatan perorangan secara paripurna salah satunya pelayanan gawat darurat. Pelayanan gawat darurat sebelum Pandemi COVID 19 dan saat Pandemi Covid 19 harus tetap dipertahnkan mutunya sehinggga pasien yang membutuhkan tindakan medis segera guna penyelamatan nyawa dan kecacatan lebh lanjut dapat dicegah. Mutu pelayanan di rumah sakit adalah kemampuan memberikan pelayanan yang sesuai standart profesi dan standart pelayanan dengan mengunakan potensi sumber daya yang tersedia di rumah sakit dan dapat diterima pasiennya, tolak ukur yang digunakan untuk menilai tingkat keberhasilan pelayanan difasilitas kesehatan adalah indikator mutu .Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui analisis indikator mutu pelayanan kesehatan di instalasi gawat darurat RSUD Arifin Achmad pada massa pandemi COVID 19, dengan jumlah informan kunci 3, informan utama 3, informan pendukung 3, Penelitian kualitatif bersifat deskriptif , penelitian ini dilakukan secara holistik , mencari data dengan wawancara mendalam, observasi dan telah dokumen,untuk menjaga validitas data dalam penelitian ini , peneliti mengunakan teknik triangulasi data , hasil dari penelitian adalah dari hasil input, proses, dan output didapatkan penurunan jaminan mutu pelayanan kesehatan di instalasi gawat darurat RSUD Arifin Achmad pada massa Pandemi COVID 19, karena kurangnya monitor dan evaluasi/pengawasan terhadap indikator mutu pelayanan kesehatan oleh assesor internal/komite mutu, komite medik dan komite keparawatan dan kebijakan tidak masuknya indikator mutu wajib kepuasan pasien,kepatuhan alur klinis/Clinical pathway, operasi seksio sesaria emergencie dan indikator mutu unit keterlambatan waktu memperbaiki kerusakan alat di Instalasi Gawat darurat RSUD Arifin Acmad pada massa Pandemi COVID 19
KEBIJAKAN PENGELOLAAN PARIWISATA DAN EKONOMI KREATIF SUMATERA BARAT MENGHADAPI GLOBAL VILLAGE
Authors: Asri Silsila , Setiawan Husni , Krisnawansyah Yahya
Published: October 2022

Global village adalah konsekuensi dari globalisasi yang didukung oleh perkembangan teknologi komunikasi, informasi dan digital. Global villagers di negara yang sedang berkembang dihadapkan pada tantangan untuk membentuk ‘kampung baru’, yang mampu bersaing dalam rantai nilai global. Ekonomi kreatif dan pariwisata adalah dua sektor ekonomi yang saling mendukung satu sama lain, dan kedua sektor ini dalam era globalisasi 4.0 membutuhkan inovasi-inovasi kebijakan yang mendukung untuk peningkatan (up grading) baik upgrading produk maupun upgrading sosial. Dalam konteks global village, sektor pariwisata dan ekonomi kreatif akan mampu bersaing secara global ketika memiliki keunikan dan didukung oleh tata kelola yang berstandar global. Inovasi kebijakan dan kepemimpinan akan menjadi cirtical succes factor yang menentukan apakah suatu wilayah mampu bersaing dalam era global village menjadi tourist (pemenang), bukan vagabond (gelandangan). Critical succes factor tersebut adalah proses upgrading produk yang menciptakan nilai tambah sehingga mampu berpartisipasi dan bersaing dalam rantai nilai global dan upgrading sosial yang melahirkan ‘creative people’. Untuk itu diperlukan sebuah ekosistem dimana terjadinya partnership yang produktif antara publik, swasta dan masyarakat. Sumatera Barat memiliki potensi untuk berkembang menajdi global village dalam sektor pariwisata buda dan ekonomi kreatif. Pemerintah daerah Provinsi Sumatera Barat telah menjalankan berbagai kebijakan pengembangan sektor pariwisata dan ekonomi kreatif meliputi upgrading kualitas pelayanan pariwisata dan upgrading sosial berupa peningkatan kemampuan para pelaku ekonomi kreatif dan pariwisata melalui berbagai kegiatan pelatihan dan pendidikan. Namun demikian inovasi-inovasi pada level pemerintahan ditingkat kabupaten/kota dan nagari/desa masih perlu ditingkatkan.

Kata Kunci : Global Village, Pariwisata, ekonomi Kreatif, inovasi, kebijkan
Pembelajaran Matematika Berbantuan Video Pembelajaran untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik
Authors: Yulianto Agus , Sisworo Sisworo , Hidayanto Erry
Published: October 2022

Kemampuan guru memilih media dan mengemas proses belajar mengajar sangat menentukan keberhasilan belajar. Sebab, minat siswa dalam menggunakan buku teks masih kurang. Penelitian bertujuan menerpakan video pembelajaran guna meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar. Video pembelajaran dibuat untuk mendampingi LKPD. Subyek penelitian adalah 36 siswa kelas X Akuntansi salah satu SMKN di Trenggalek. Data hasil penelitian di olah dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Siswa pada awalnya diberikan Vidio pembelajaran dan LKPD melalui WAG, selanjutnya sesuai jadwal masuk ke googlemeet yang sudah disediakan untuk pembahasan apa saja yang kurang jelas dari video pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan motivasi belajar dan hasil belajar siswa, meliputi: Siswa aktif dalam mengikuti kegiatan pembelajaran daring, menyelesaikan LKPD yang diberikan tepat waktu sesuai dengan petunjuk yang diberikan, dan prestasi siswa meningkat dengan bantuan Vidio Pembelajaran. Pada siklus 1 tingkat ketuntasan peserta didik mencapai 77,8 % dan pada siklus II mencapai 92%. Video pembelajaran terbukti bermanfaat dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar.The teacher's ability to choose the media and package the teaching and learning process will determine success in learning. That was because students' interest to use textbooks is still lacking. This study aims to apply a learning video to increase motivation and learning outcomes. Learning videos made to accompany LKPD. The research subjects were 36 X student's Accounting at one of the Vocational High Schools in Trenggalek. Data from the research were processed and analyzed descriptively. Students are initially given learning videos and LKPD through WAG, then, according to the schedule enter the google meet that has been provided to discuss anything that is not clear from the learning video. The results showed an increase in motivation and student learning outcomes, including students being active in participating in online learning activities, students completing the LKPD given on time according to the instructions given, and student achievement increased with the help of learning videos. In cycle 1, the level of completeness of students reached 77.8%, and in cycle II, it reached 92%. Learning videos are proven to be useful in increasing learning motivation.
Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Siswa SMA pada Materi Jarak pada Bangun Ruang
Authors: Ulfa Yoshe Larissa , Roza Yenita , Maimunah Maimunah
Published: October 2022

Keterampilan pemecahan masalah merupakan salah satu kemampuan kognitif dasar matematis yang perlu dikuasai oleh siswa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui serta menganalisis kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Subjek dari penelitian ini adalah 23 siswa kelas XII MIPA SMA Cendana Pekanbaru. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah tes kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis. Analisis terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa dilihat berdasarkan indikator kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis. Rata-rata hasil pengujian soal pada indikator memhami masalah adalah 90, rata-rata pada indikator membuat rencana pemecahan masalah adalah 62,4, rata-rata pada indikator pelaksanaan rencana pemecahan masalah adalah 35, dan rata-rata pada indikator menafsirkan solusi pemecahan masalah yang diperoleh ialah 14,46. Upaya dalam meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa, guru sebaiknya menggunakan media pembelajaran dalam proses pembelajaran yang dapat menyeimbangkan persepsi siswa dalam memvisualisasikan proyeksi jarak titik dengan garis pada bangun ruang.Problem-solving skills are one of the basic mathematical cognitive abilities that need to be mastered by students. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze students' mathematical problem-solving abilities. This type of research is qualitative research. The subjects of this study were 23 students of class XII MIPA SMA Cendana Pekanbaru. The data collection technique is a mathematical problem-solving ability test. Analysis of students' mathematical problem-solving ability is seen based on indicators of mathematical problem-solving ability. The average test results on the problem-understanding indicator are 90, the average problem-solving plan indicator is 62.4, the average problem-solving plan implementation indicator is 35, and the average indicator for interpreting the problem-solving solution obtained is 14.46. To improve students' mathematical problem-solving skills, teachers should use learning media in the learning process that can balance students' perceptions in visualizing the projection of the distance of the point with the line on the shape of the space.
Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Teknologi Augmented Reality
Authors: Sungkono Sugeng , Apiati Vepi , Santika Satya
Published: October 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan media pembelajaran berbasis teknologi Augmented Reality pada materi limas dan mengetahui kelayakan pengunaannya. Penelitian ini berdasarkan hasil observasi di sekolah peserta didik masih kesulitan dalam menentukan bentuk, luas dan volume limas. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, perlu dikembangkan sebuah media pembelajaran yang mampu membuat peserta didik merasakan secara real dalam proses belajarnya.  Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode Research & Development (R&D) dengan model Assessment/Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation & Evaluation (ADDIE). Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar angket. Instrumen yang digunakan angket penilaian kualitas media pembelajaran. Sumber data penelitian ini peserta didik kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Cikoneng yang berjumlah 15 orang. Hasil penelitian ini berupa media pembelajaran berbasis Tekonologi Augmented Reality pada materi limas bernama GEO3DAR. Kelayakan kualitas isi dan tujuan berada pada kategori layak. Kelayakan kualitas intruksional berada pada kategori sangat layak.This study aims to produce learning media based on Augmented Reality technology on pyramid material and determine the feasibility of its use. This research is based on observations in schools, students still have difficulty in determining the shape, area, and volume of the pyramid. To overcome this, it is necessary to develop a learning media that can make students feel real in the learning process. The method used is the Research & Development (R&D) method with the Assessment/Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation & Evaluation (ADDIE) model. The data collection technique used a questionnaire sheet. The instrument used is a questionnaire to assess the quality of learning media. The data sources for this research were 15 students of class VIII SMP Negeri 1 Cikoneng. The results of this study are learning media based on Augmented Reality Technology on pyramid material called GEO3DAR. The feasibility of the quality of the content and objectives are in the appropriate category. The feasibility of the instructional quality is in the very decent category.
The impact of land use practice on the spatial variability of soil physicochemical Properties at Wondo Genet, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Molla Mikias Biazen
Published: October 2022

The present research deals with changes that occurred in physical, chemical, and microbiological soil qualities due to different land-use practices. Soil samples were taken from three nearby soil plots with varying land uses, including natural forest, plantation forest, and agricultural land at both 0–30 and 30-60 cm soil depth and at each land-use category, fifteen samples were taken for each land use type. Total nitrogen, soil organic carbon, and microbial biomass were determined by the micro-Kjeldahl method, and fumigation extraction method, respectively. Using kriging interpolation techniques in a GIS framework, geostatistical analysis was done to depict the spatial variability of soil parameters. The result shows that among all land use patterns the highest bulk density was recorded from agricultural land /Khate farm (0.96±0.018%) followed by plantation forest /Cupressus (0.93±0.012%) and NF (0.81±0.03%). Soil organic carbon was found to be higher in Natural forest (4.25±0.28%) followed in decreasing order by plantation forest/Podocarpus (2.77±0.49%) and agricultural land/Coffee (2.92±0.16%). Soil Total nitrogen was higher in Natural forest (0.37±0.024 μg/g) in the soil's uppermost layer and significant with PF and agricultural land. Microbial biomass carbon was higher in Natural forest (939.84±46.0μg/g) and plantation forest /Grevillea (712.8±48.4μg/g) and agricultural land /Enset (570.2± 38.8μg/g). Similarly, microbial biomass N was higher in Natural forest (81.0.4±3.9μg/g) and significant with plantation forest /Gravellea (60.08±4.2μg/g) and agricultural land /Enset (40.96± 3.3μg/g). The result of the present study indicates that the microbial biomass and physicochemical properties of soil are highly correlated with the type of vegetation and soil depths.
Una propuesta tomista para ir más allá de lo posthumano y hacia la perfección humana
Authors: Baggot Michael
Published: October 2022

La búsqueda de la perfección humana como un afán de mejora constante es compartida tanto por la tradición ética de la virtud de la ley natural tomista como por el movimiento transhumanista. Sin embargo, nociones divergentes de la naturaleza humana y de su telos diferencian profundamente ambos esfuerzos por transformar positivamente la humanidad. El presente trabajo aclara el significado de la tradición de la ley moral natural y la distingue de los malentendidos que podrían surgir de una reducción de la naturaleza a procesos biológicos no racionales. A continuación, el artículo examina cómo una noción adecuada de la naturaleza humana y de los bienes que satisfacen dicha naturaleza pueden orientar un debate constructivo sobre qué tipos de mejora biomédica han de aceptarse como útiles para el florecimiento humano y cuáles deben ser dejados de lado por ser perjudiciales para el auténtico crecimiento. Sin una norma objetiva de la naturaleza humana con la cual juzgar las propuestas de mejora, los cambios biotécnicos ya no pueden distinguirse en categorías de mejora o disminución. El texto muestra por qué tanto los críticos bioconservadores de la mejora humana como los defensores transhumanistas de las alteraciones biotecnológicas radicales presentan visiones empobrecidas de las capacidades de transformación y perfección de la naturaleza humana. En contraste, el tomismo tiene los recursos intelectuales para superar las nociones estáticas de la naturaleza humana y puede corregir las imprecisiones filosóficas del discurso transhumanista contemporáneo sobre la posthumanidad. Este trabajo, por tanto, proporciona los fundamentos antropológicos necesarios para explorar el papel que las virtudes pueden desempeñar en el cumplimiento de la orientación dinámica de la naturaleza humana hacia la perfección.
Intraoperative Awareness During Cesarean Delivery Under General Anesthesia
Authors:   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Health Research Center, School of Medicine, Alzahra Hospital,Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, Ghanaie Mandana Mansour , Hosseinzadeh Fatemeh ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Health Research Center, School of Medicine, Alzahra Hospital,Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, Soltanipour Soheil ,   Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, Rafiei Sorouri Zahra ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Health Research Center, School of Medicine, Alzahra Hospital,Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, Hamidi Madani Zahra ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Health Research Center, School of Medicine, Alzahra Hospital,Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, Biazar Gelareh ,   Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Alzahra Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, Dalir Haniye ,   Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, Tayefeh Ashrafiyeh Mahin ,   Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Alzahra Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Published: October 2022

Background: General anesthesia (GA) for caesarean section (CS) has distinctive characteristics that may increase the risk of awareness during GA (AGA). Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of unintended awareness during GA (AGA) in CS. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed in Alzahra Hospital in Rasht City, Iran. Eligible women with term pregnancy candidates for CS under GA were enrolled in this survey from May 2018 to August 2021. After delivery, a questionnaire including demographic data and questions related to different stages of anesthesia was completed via a faceto- face interview. The collected data were analyzed using repeated measurement, the Chi-square, Fisher exact, and t-test in SPSS v. 21. Results: The data from 174 women were analyzed, and 12 (6.9%) experienced AGA. Among them, dreaming and feeling the manipulation of the surgical area (27.8%) were the most common reported awareness states. Body mass index had a significant (P=0.034) relationship with AGA, but age (P=0.843), the level of education (P=0.714), history of anesthesia (P=0.552), 5-minute Apgar score (P=0.49), and surgery time (P=0.686) had no significant relationship with AGA. Conclusion: The incidence of AGA during CS was almost close to the high limit established by the credible evidence, and a significant number of the women were not in completely acceptable conditions. Therefore, the management of GA for CS should be revised in this academic hospital.
Computational Pattern Separation Models of Dentate Gyrus Neural Subpopulation in the Hippocampus
Authors:   Department of Computer Engineering, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran., Modhej Nazal , Bastanfard Azam ,   Department of Computer Engineering, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran., Teshnehlab Mohammad ,   Department of Control and System, Electrical and Computer Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran., Raiesdana Somayeh ,   Department of Biomedical Engineering, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran.
Published: October 2022

Hippocampus is a part of the brain that has an essential role in memory and learning. It is involved in many cognitive and behavioral phenomena, including the pattern separation process: the ability to distinguish patterns with very high similarity. The present study compared the models of pattern separation in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and aimed to investigate the significant cells and factors affecting pattern separation. In this review, we intend to describe the anatomy of the dentate gyrus as a part of the hippocampus, which has an essential role in pattern separation. Other adjacent neural populations are further addressed, too. Models of the dentate gyrus, including neurocomputation and functional, that represent the process of separating patterns in the dentate gyrus are reviewed and analyzed. In this regard, five major models were highlighted and compared from several perspectives. While some models are based on the entorhinal cortex and dentate gyrus regions, others point to the mediation of cornu ammonis (CA3) as well. Models with the lowest cells for pattern separation are addressed first. Finally, inhibition is discussed in the comparison of pattern separation models.
Effect of Sulpiride on Dopaminergic Synapse of Dorsal Hippocampus of Morphine-Treated Rats
Authors:   Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran, Hashemi Marziyeh-Sadat , Karami Manizheh ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran, Jafarpour Fard Mahdiyeh ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
Published: October 2022

Background: As previous studies show, several effects of morphine are induced by the dopaminergic system. Sulpiride is a dopamine D2 receptor (DAD2) antagonist widely used in clinics to treat DArelated disorders. DAD2 receptors are abundant at hippocampal cornu ammonis (CA1). Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the possible interaction of morphine and sulpiride on DA synapses in CA1. Materials & Methods: In this study, 48 Wistar rats weighing 220 to 250 g were used. These animals were classified into eight groups (6 rats per group): saline control group (1 mL/kg), morphine group (5 mg/kg), sulpiride groups alone (1, 2, and 4 mg/kg) and sulpiride groups (1, 2, and 4 mg/ kg)+morphine (5 mg/kg). Saline or substances were injected once intraperitoneally. After 48 h, the animals’ brains were removed under anesthesia and placed in 10% formalin for fixation. Then, 3- to 4-μm slices were cut from these tissues, and the DA synapse was examined by histochemistry and immunohistochemistry techniques. The data were statistically analyzed by the analysis of variance. Results: The control group had DA synapses and healthy neurons. A relative increase in DA synapses compared to the control group was observed in the morphine and single sulpiride groups. However, in sulpiride+morphine groups, DA synapses were reduced compared to morphine or sulpiride alone, but neurons were not destroyed. Conclusion: The interaction effect of sulpiride and morphine in the CA1 region may decrease DA synapses.
Physicians’ Skills in Breaking Bad News to Patients With Cancer Using SPIKES Protocol
Authors:   Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Alzahra Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Naderi Nabi Bahram , Rafiei Sorouri Zahra ,   Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Reproductive Health Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Alzahra Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Pourramzani Ali ,   Cognitive and Addiction Research Center (Kavosh), Shafa Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Mirpour Seyyed Hossein ,   Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Biazar Gelareh ,   Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Alzahra Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Atrkarroushan Zahra ,   Department of Statistic, Faculty of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, Mortazavi Morteza ,   Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Ahmadi Mohadese ,   Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Alzahra Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Published: October 2022

Background: Breaking bad news is an unpleasant task for physicians, especially for patients with cancer. In this regard, the SPIKES protocol, which is prevalent in several countries, has not been discussed in Iran. Objectives: This study evaluated how the SPIKES protocol was followed by physicians. Materials & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Guilan academic hospitals from December 2021 to April 2022. Patients with cancer participated in the survey who were referred to the oncology academic centers for follow-ups or radiotherapy and chemotherapy. They were over 18 years old with the ability of proper communication. The SPIKES questionnaire consists of 12 questions with 6 subscales (settings, invitation, perception, knowledge, emotion, and strategy). It was filled out through a direct interview. Results: The data from 280 patients were analyzed. Everyone stated that at the time of receiving the diagnosis, the doctor was not in a hurry and made appropriate eye contact. About 61.1% believed they were emotionally supported, and 65.4% were satisfied with their final knowledge about the disease and treatment planning. Patients with older ages and lower levels of education were significantly more likely to state that physicians’ language was not comprehensive; physicians did not understand them, and the patients were not emotionally supported (P=0.0001). Conclusion: This study showed that more attention should be paid to older patients with lower levels of education. They needed more time for conversation and simpler dialect. Some areas, such as “invitation” are required to be improved
Relationship Between Cognitive Flexibility, Attention Shifting, and Planning With Accuracy, Speed, and Reading Comprehension in Normal Children and Children With Dyslexia
Authors:   Department of Speech Therapy Educational, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Dadgar Hooshang , karimzadegan Aida ,   Department of Speech Therapy Educational, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Soleymani Zahra ,   Research Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Tehranidoost Mahdi ,   Department of Psychiatry Educational, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: October 2022

Background and Aims Dyslexia is a type of learning disorder that causes problems in reading. Children with dyslexia are affected by various problems, including executive functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between executive functions and components of reading (comprehension, speed, and accuracy). Methods In this study, 22 normal students and 22 dyslexic students between the age of eight and nine years participated in order to evaluate their executive function and reading skills. Diagnosis of dyslexia was determined by reading and dyslexia test (NEMA). To evaluate the components of reading (speed, accuracy, and comprehension), the comprehension text of the test was used. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) for cognitive flexibility assessment, the Tower of London (TOL) test for the evaluation of planning, and the Color Trail Test (CTT) was used to evaluate attention transmission. Results The average score of dyslexic children in attention shifting, cognitive flexibility, planning, comprehension, speed, and reading accuracy was significantly lower than normal children (P<0.001). A significant correlation was observed between reading accuracy and speed and attention shifting (P<0.05). There was no significant correlation between reading components and other executive function factors (P<0.05). Conclusion Attention shifting, planning, cognitive flexibility, comprehension, speed, and accuracy of reading in dyslexic students are weaker than in normal students, and recovering these factors will lead to an overall improvement in reading. It seems that enhancing the ability of attention shifting in a particular way for students with a major weakness in reading speed or accuracy will be effective.
Effect of Different Vibration Frequencies on Improving Sports Performance: A Review Article
Authors:   Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran., Nazari Maryam , Boozari Sahar ,   Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran., Torkaman Giti ,   Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran., Sanjari Mohammad Ali ,   Biomechanics Laboratory, Rehabilitation Research Center and Department of Basic Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: October 2022

Background and Aims Whole body vibration (WBV) is one of the relatively new interventions that is widely used in physiotherapy and sports physiotherapy. It is becoming more common due to its positive effects on the neuromuscular system. The WBV device produces oscillations and its intensity is determined based on the parameters of frequency, amplitude, and duration of vibration. According to the previous studies, some parameters of this device results in increased muscle activity, strength, and power. Muscle strength and power are the two most important factors in musculoskeletal efficiency. As a result, sports performance variables such as jump height and running speed are affected by WBV. According to previous studies, if the vibration is applied with appropriate parameters, it can be effective in improving the performance of individuals in activities such as jumping and running. Furthermore, it has been shown that frequency parameter is more important than other vibration parameters since it has a greater effect on musculoskeletal performance. As a result, this study aims to review the studies on the effects of various WBV frequencies on functional variables in sports activities. Methods A search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases to find studies about the effect of WBV frequencies on jumping and running. Results According to previous studies, the frequency of 30-50 Hz resulted in an immediate increase in countermovement jump and squat jump heights. The frequencies of 18-35 Hz and 40 Hz, when used for a long time, also increased the heights of countermovement and squat jumps, respectively. In a few studies, the 26 and 20-Hz frequencies improved the heights of horizontal, countermovement, and squat jumps. Moreover, 30-Hz frequency increased running speed and step length and reduced the running duration in a certain distance. The frequency of 45-Hz immediately reduced the step length and increased the step rate during running on a treadmill. Conclusion The 30-Hz frequency is the most common WBV frequency with a positive effect on jumping and running abilities. In both acute and chronic conditions, this frequency may have a positive impact on the kinetic and kinematic variables of jumping and running. As a result, this frequency is suggested for improving an individual's neuromuscular performance in sports activities.
Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Consequences of Diastasis of Rectus Abdominis in Women: A Narrative
Authors:   Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Ghadiri Harati Parisa , Hosseini Seyed Majid ,   Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Javaheri Atiyeh ,   Department of Women, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran., Dehghan Manshadi Farideh ,   Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: October 2022

Background and Aims Diastasis of Rectus Abdominis (DRA) is defined as the separation of two bulks of the Rectus Abdominis Muscle and is highly related to pregnancy and childbirth. Because of the lack of enough knowledge about DRA, the present study aimed to review the articles on the prevalence, risk factors, and consequences of DRA in women. Methods A search strategy using Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus from 2000 to 2021 was developed with keywords related to DRA and its prevalence, risk factors, consequences, and evaluation methods. Results Finally, 28 articles were selected. A literature review showed that the most common site for DRA is above the navel and its prevalence in pregnant women is 30-70%. Increasing maternal age and more deliveries increase the risk of DRA. However, factors, such as type of delivery, multiple births, and lack of exercise have also been suggested as risk factors. Consequences of DRA include changes in the appearance of protruding abdomen and decreased strength of the trunk muscles. Pelvic floor dysfunction and low back pain can also be associated with DRA. Conclusion A significant percentage of women experience DRA after childbirth. This condition can cause problems for the mother, such as pain, deformity, or decreased strength of the trunk muscles.
Effect of Solitary and Group Purposeful Movement Plays on Various Aspects of Theory of Mind in Girls Aged 8 years
Authors:   Department of Motor Behavior, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Borhani Dizaji Narges , Parvinpour Shahab ,   Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran., Rafiee Saleh ,   Department of Motor Behavior, Institute of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: October 2022

Background and Aims Solitary movement plays have been reported to be effective in improving the primary aspects of Theory of Mind (ToM), and the design of interventions based on interpersonal interactions has been emphasized to influence the advanced aspects of ToM. To test this hypothesis, the effect of solitary and group purposeful movement plays on various aspects of ToM in girls aged eight years was compared. Methods In this quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design, 40 girls with a mean age of 8.53 years from two elementary schools in Tehran were selected and randomly assigned to solitary play (n =13), group play (n = 12), and control (n = 15) groups after preliminary evaluations. The Test of Theory of Mind (Ghamrani et al., 2006) was completed immediately before and after an experimental period (eight weeks, 16 sessions of 60 minutes) and one month after the end of the intervention. The 3 (time) × 3 (group) mixed analysis of variance and related post hoc tests at a 95% confidence level were used to analyze the data. Results Recognition of emotions and pretense (ps < 0.001), understanding of false belief (ps <0.001), and total level of ToM (ps < 0.001) significantly improved in both experimental conditions, but second-order false belief and understanding of humor improved only in the group play condition (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the scores of the recognition of emotions and pretense (ps < 0.05), understanding of false belief (ps < 0.05), second-order false belief and understanding of humor (ps < 0.001), and the total level of ToM (ps < 0.001) in the play condition group were significantly higher than solitary play in the post-test and follow-up. Conclusion Although solitary movement plays improve the primary aspects of ToM, to facilitate the development of more advanced aspects, such as understanding of humor and second-order false belief, the use of group-based interactive-cooperative plays seems to be essential for eight-year-old girls.
The Effect of Ramadan Fasting Combined With Regular Aerobic Exercise on Cortisol Level and Trait-State Anxiety in Female Professional Athletes
Authors:   Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran., Momenifar Fahimeh , Raji Amin ,   Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran., Jafarnezhadgero Amir Ali ,   Department of Sport Management and Biomechanics, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran., Yousefi Bilehsavar Omid ,   Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
Published: October 2022

Background and Aims Fasting during Ramadan causes changes in the body’s metabolism, but there are contradictory results regarding the effect of fasting on the psychological and physiological status of professional athletes. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of Ramadan fasting combined with regular aerobic exercise on cortisol levels and anxiety in female professional athletes. Methods This applied study was performed with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population included all female professional athletes in Qom in 2019. By available sampling method, 50 people were selected and divided into experimental (n=25) and control (n=25) groups. The experimental group performed aerobic exercises according to the defined intensities and three sessions per week. The control group did not intervene. Data were collected using the State-Trait Anxiety Scale and cortisol was measured by blood sampling using a Tosoh 360-AIA device. Data were analyzed by independent and paired t-test and multivariate analysis of covariance. The significance level was considered 0.05. Ethical considerations were observed in this study. Results The findings showed that Ramadan fasting program combined with regular aerobic exercise had a positive and significant effect on reducing total anxiety and its components, including trait anxiety and state anxiety in the experimental group. There was a significant difference between the mean scores of cortisol levels in the two groups in the post-test. Conclusion The research findings showed that fasting during Ramadan combined with regular aerobic exercise is effective in reducing anxiety and cortisol in athletes. The researcher suggests that in order to achieve more reliable results, the study should be performed on larger populations.
The Static Balance Performance Prediction Based on Arousal and Activation in Circadian Rhythm
Authors:   Department of Sport Science, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran., Sabzi Amir Hamzeh , Vaez Mousavi Mohammad ,   Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran., Mokhtari Pouneh ,   Department of Physical Education, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: October 2022

Background and Aims Time-of-day is a factor that could affect balance performance. On the other hand, arousal fluctuates throughout the day. The aim of this study was to investigate the static balance performance prediction based on arousal and activation in circadian rhythm. Methods In the current study, 30 healthy subjects (age= 21± 0.5 years) participated. Static balance performance was measured three times: 10:00 am, 15:00 pm, and 8:00 pm. Arousal was recorded continuously during the performance of the balance task. A balance scoring test (BESS) and a Bioderm device were used to measure static balance and arousal. Repeated measures ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Results Results indicated that balance performance was greater at 3:00 pm than at 8:00 pm and 10:00 am (P<0.05). The relationship between activation and static balance performance was significant (P<0.05), while no significant relationship was found between arousal and static balance performance. Also, the intensity of activation correlation and static balance performance was higher at 3:00 pm (P<0.05, r=-0.46). The regression results showed that activation was a significant predictor at three different times of the day. Conclusion According to the results, these findings can provide evidence for differentiation between arousal and activation as separable aspects of the energetics of physiological and behavioral function. It also introduces activation as a factor that raises the static balance in the afternoon to morning and evening.
Government Support Mechanisms and Open Innovation: An Empirical Look at Korean Manufacturing Firms
Authors:   The Institute of Management and Economy Research, Chung Jiyoon
Published: October 2022

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to examine how a broad palette of government support measures and firms' membership in government-developed clusters are related to firms' openness in innovation processes. Design/methodology/approach - Empirically, this study analyzes the Korea Innovation Survey 2018 data on the innovation activities of 1,450 Korean R&D-active manufacturing firms in a three-year period from 2015 through 2017. Findings - The results suggest that firms engage in open innovation to a greater extent--as measured by the breadth of external collaborating partners and of the utilized external sources of knowledge--when they are provided with a broader palette of government support measures and are located in government-developed clusters. However, the effect of diverse government support measures is attenuated for firms located in these clusters. Research implications or Originality - This study contributes to the innovation literature by illuminating how firms' open innovation can be understood in a national innovation system. Moreover, it provides valuable implications for firms seeking to obtain government support and collaborate with others.