bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of physical loading on behavioral reactions of rats in cerebral hypoperfusion
Authors: Сhrishtop V. V. , Rumyantseva T. A. , Nikonorova V. G. , Fateev I. V.
Published: October 2022

A number of clinical studies demonstrate that individual characteristics such as stress tolerance and cognitive ability can be considered not only as diagnostic variables but also as risk factors for severe cerebral hypoperfusion. The aim of the study was to identify the typological features of the effect of physical activity on the behavioral reactions of rats during cerebral hypoperfusion. Material and methods. Cerebral hypoperfusion was modeled by bilateral carotid artery ligation. The study involved 280 rats, divided into equal subgroups, according to sex, stress tolerance and learning capacity. Of these, 112 animals were subjected to daily short-term swimming as a rehabilitation model. Before the simulation, and at 6, 8, 14, 21, 28, 35, 60 and 90 days postoperatively, the animals were tested using a Morris water maze and an “open field” test. Results and discussion. The dynamics of stress resistance and learning ability are related to the periodicity of inflammatory, necrotic, circulatory and reparative remodeling in the model used. After 2-3 months of study, cerebral hypoperfusion causes stabilization of indices characterizing stress resistance and cognitive functions below control values. A decrease in stress resistance begins earlier from day 6 of the study, while the index characterizing cognitive functions first decreases significantly after 3 weeks of study. Factors reducing the damaging effects of cerebral hypoperfusion were female gender, high baseline stress tolerance and learning ability. When assessing learning ability under physical load, animals with high baseline cognitive development showed earlier recovery dynamics during urgent adaptation and a significant increase during long-term adaptation.
Effect of benzoyl taurine dipotassium salt on coagulation, hemostasis and vascular activity in the microvasculature of the brain in violation of cerebral circulation
Authors: Pustynnikov V. E. , Tsaruk S. S. , Fomichev E. A. , Miloserdova E. A. , Kurkin D. V. , Bakulin D. A. , Andriashvili T. M. , Sokolova A. A. , Atapina N. V. , Brel A. K. , Budaeva Yu. N. , Tyurenkov I. N.
Published: October 2022

Cerebral circulation disorders (CCD) are one of the most common causes of mortality and disability in the population. Improving the microcirculation of brain tissue is one of the main directions in the treatment and prevention of CCD.Aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of a new derivative of hydroxybenzoic (salicylic) acid on neurological deficit, hemostasis and functional state of arterial pial vessels in the study of prostacyclin-synthetic activity and evaluation of NOmediated endothelial dysfunction in rats under experimental CCD conditions. Material and methods. The experiment was carried out on 50 Wistar rats, which were simulated for CCD by occlusion of common carotid arteries. Within 7 days after the operation, the animals received treatment according to the group: saline, C-60 (N-(3-hydroxybenzoyl)taurine dipotassium salt) and acetylsalicylic acid. After treatment, the activity of the prostacyclin-synthetic system was assessed by the reaction of pial vessels to indomethacin, endothelial dysfunction was estimated by tests with acetylcholine and L-NAME. The parameters of plasma and platelet hemostasis were also studied, and behavioral tests (open field, adhesion test, rotarod, Morris water maze, passive avoidance task) were used to assess neurological deficits in animals. Results. When studying the level of neurological deficit in animals with brain ischemia after a course of administration of the test compound, it was noted that in the treated groups, compared with the control group, there was a significant increase in motor and exploratory activity, improvement in sensory-motor function and coordination of movements (p < 0.05). Also, in the group treated with the salicylic acid derivative, normalization of the parameters of platelet and plasma hemostasis, improvement of the functional state of the vascular endothelium was observed. According to the results of assessing the prostacyclin-synthesizing activity of the endothelium of the cerebral vessels, it follows that the test compound inhibits cyclooxygenase at a level comparable with effect of acetylsalicylic acid. Conclusions. A new derivative of salicylic acid, the dipotassium salt of N-(3-hydroxybenzoyl)taurine, reduces the severity of neurological deficit, improves hemostasis parameters and the functional state of cerebral vessels in rats with brain ischemia in the experiment.
Risk factors for osteoporosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Akhverdyan Yu. R. , Papichev E. V. , Zavodovsky B. V. , Polyakova J. V. , Seewordova L. E.
Published: October 2022

Aim of the study was to investigate risk factors for osteoporosis (OP) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Material and methods. We observed 110 patients with a verified diagnosis of RA. RA was diagnosed based on the 2010 EULAR/ACR clinical classification. All patients with RA were divided into 2 groups: with ОP (53 patients) and without ОP signs (57 patients). Bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed by dual-energy X-ray densitometry (DEXA), the diagnosis was made on the basis of WHO recommendations. All patients underwent a standard clinical and laboratory examination, in addition the following parameters were studied: 25-OH vitamin D, C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-1), N-terminal propeptide of procollagen I (P1NP) content in the blood, the ratio of calcium to urine creatinine. Results. We found a statistically significant relationship between the presence of ОP and the following clinical signs: patient weight (р = 0.014), duration of RA course (р = 0.024), and the presence of erosive changes (р = 0.014). In addition, a relationship was found between the presence of OP and lower BMD in the Ward area (Ward) and the greater trochanter area (Troch) (р < 0.0001). It was also shown that taking glucocorticosteroid drugs for more than 3 months significantly increases the risk of developing ОP (р < 0.0001). Conclusions. Identification of risk groups for patients at risk for the development of OP is of great practical importance. The factors given in the article can be adjusted towards normalization in order to reduce the degree of possible risk, which is quite feasible in practice.
Freeganin w kłopotach. Aksjologiczny stosunek do brudu i pożywienia
Authors: Pelska Agata
Published: October 2022

Niniejszy artykuł opiera się na badaniach etnograficznych przeprowadzonych w środowisku freegan w 2021 roku. Porusza kwestie wartościowania związanego z kulturowymi kategoriami pożywienia i brudu, które w zaskakujący sposób łączą się ze sobą w zjawisku freeganizmu. Główne pytania stawiane w artykule to: dlaczego podejmowane w ramach freeganizmu praktyki budzą społeczne kontrowersje, a nawet obrzydzenie? Jak uczestnicy ruchu radzą sobie z aksjologicznym pomieszaniem brudu i jedzenia, które rażąco narusza porządek kulturowy? Posługując się teorią brudu Mary Douglas (wyłożoną głównie w książce Czystość i zmaza) i moimi materiałami terenowymi, prezentuję powiązania między freegańską etyką, zjawiskiem marnotrawstwa oraz statusu śmiecia w kulturze, który freeganie często uznają za przydzielony arbitralnie i bezpodstawnie.
Regulators of angiogenesis in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Bazarnyi Vladimir V. , Kovtun Olga P. , Koryakina Oksana V. , Kopenkin Maksim A. , Fechina Larisa G.
Published: October 2022

Background: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral polyneuropathy is a major neurotoxicity of treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children. Pathophysiological mechanisms of the injury of peripheral neural system are not fully investigated; however, some studies have shown the involvement of vascular endothelial growth factors.
Aim: To evaluate plasma levels of angiogenic growth factors in children with ALL and to identify their association with the development of vincristine-induced peripheral polyneuropathy.
Materials and methods: This single center prospective study included 41 patients with ALL aged 3 to 17 years. All patients were given the ALL-MB 2015 chemotherapy regimen. Depending on the vincristine-induced peripheral polyneuropathy, the patients were divided into two groups: the main group (n = 22) comprised of the patients with neurological signs and symptoms of peripheral neuropathy and the control group (n = 19), those without clinical signs of the peripheral nervous system involvement. The levels of angiogenic growth factors (VEGF-A, VEGF-D, PlGF-1, and PDGF-BB) were measured in plasma by multiparameter immunofluorescent analysis.
Results: During 3 months of the follow up the chemotherapy-induced signs of peripheral polyneuropathy developed in 53.6% (n = 22) of the children. In 72.7% (n = 16) of the patients the chemotherapy-induced peripheral polyneuropathy was characterized by a combination of neurologic abnormalities with prevailing motor symptoms. The comparative analysis of plasma angiogenic growth factors in children with ALL depending on the presence or absence of the vincristine-induced peripheral polyneuropathy showed that there was a significant decrease of the VEGF-A in those with chemotherapy-induced peripheral polyneuropathy, compared to those without (Me [Q1; Q3]: 178.20 [138.40; 228.45] and 558.50 [160.10; 650.0], respectively, p 0.017). This parameter had diagnostic sensitivity of 77.7% and specificity of 76.9%.
Conclusion: We have shown a high clinical value of plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) level, which makes it possible to consider it as a significant biological marker of neurotoxicity in vincristine-induced peripheral polyneuropathy.
Bir Fransız Elçisinin Çıraklık Dönemi: İstanbul Elçiliği Öncesinde Charles Gravier de Vergennes
Authors: TOPAL DOĞAN Kadriye
Published: October 2022

Charles Gravier de Vergennes 18. yüzyılın en önemli Fransız diplomatlarından biridir. Diplomatik hayatının ilk basamaklarını, amcası Chavigny’nin yanında, conseiller d’ambassade (elçilik danışmanı) olarak yer aldığı Fransa’nın Lizbon ve Frankfurt elçilikleri oluşturmuştur. Vergennes, daha sonrasında Koblenz, Hannover ve Stockholm’e Fransa adına elçi olarak görevlendirilmiştir. Fransız monarşisinin savunucusu olması, yürüttüğü başarılı diplomasi faaliyetleri ve etrafında nüfuzlu dostlar barındırması gibi kazanımlar sonucu Fransa Kralı 16. Louis (1774-1792) tarafından Dışişleri Bakanı olarak görevlendirilmiştir. Vergennes, 1774 yılında atandığı bu görevi öldüğü 1787 yılına kadar sürdürmüştür. Ancien Régime’in son büyük bakanlarından olan Vergennes, mevcut İstanbul Elçisi Roland des Alleurs’ün ani ölümü üzerine de 1755 yılında İstanbul’a gönderilmiştir. On üç sene süren ve 3. Osman ve 3. Mustafa’nın hükümdarlığına denk gelen İstanbul elçiliğindeki görevi diplomatik hayatının önemli bir kısmını oluşturmaktadır. Öncesinde Avrupa’nın önemli merkezlerinde yürüttüğü diplomasi faaliyetlerinin ve edindiği tecrübelerin onun İstanbul elçiliğine seçilmesinde belirleyici olduğu açıktır. Bu çalışmada Vergennes’in amcası Chavigny’ye eşlik ettiği Lizbon ve Frankfurt görevleri sırasında Avrupa diplomasisine ve diplomatlık mesleğine dair öğrendikleri, dönemin siyasi olayları çerçevesinde değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca Vergennes’in çıraklık dönemi diyebileceğimiz süreci kapsayan bu görevleri esnasında üstlendiği mali konulardaki sorumluluklar, arabuluculuk faaliyetleri, Alman prenslerini Fransa lehinde etkilemek için yapılan maddi yardımların yürütücülüğü ve gizli fonların idaresi ve zaman zaman elçilik yazışmalarını yürütmesi onun danışmanlık görevinin ötesinde bir rolü olduğunu göstermektedir.
Osmanlı’dan Erken Cumhuriyet’e Türk-İngiliz Ticari İlişkileri
Authors: ARSLAN Lütfi
Published: October 2022

İngiltere, XV yüzyıla kadar dünyanın diğer kıtalarıyla ticari, siyasi ve kültürel ilişkisi olmayan bir tarım ülkesiydi. Coğrafi keşiflerle birlikte okyanus ötesi ticaretin yoğunlaşması İngiltere’yi de etkilemiştir. XVI yüzyıldan itibaren Osmanlı Devleti ile Kuzey Avrupa ülkeleri arasında politik ve ticari ilişkiler artmaya başlamıştır. Resmi olarak XVI. yüzyılda Osmanlı-İngiltere ilişkilerinin başlamasında siyasi ve ticari kaygılar ön planda. İngiliz tüccarları Levant adını verdikleri Doğu Akdeniz’e ulaşarak Girit, Kıbrıs, Trablus, Sakız, Şam gibi ticaret merkezleriyle alışveriş yapmaya başlamıştır. XVIII. yüzyıla kadar İngiltere ve Osmanlı Devleti’nin jeostratejik hedeflerinin farklı olması ülkelerin birbirlerine rakip olmalarını da engellemiştir. Levant Kumpanyasının sahip olduğu imtiyazlar İngiltere’nin Osmanlı ülkesinde tekelleşmeye başlamasına yol açmıştır. 1838 Balta Limanı Ticaret Antlaşması’yla İngiltere’ye verilen imtiyazlar Osmanlı ekonomisini olumsuz etkilemiştir. Türk-İngiliz ilişkilerinin stratejik şartlar neticesinde 1875’ten sonra çatışmaya dönüşmesi ticari ilişkilere de olumsuz yansımıştır. İngiltere, XIX. yüzyıl sonları ve XX. yüzyıl başlarında Osmanlılarla olan ticaretinde Fransa ve Almanya’nın gerisinde kalmıştır. Millî Mücadelenin kazanılması ve Cumhuriyetin ilanıyla birlikte yabancı sermaye konusunda açık ve pozitif yaklaşımlar sergilenmesi İngilizleri Türkiye’ye yaklaştırmıştır. İngiltere Türkiye’yi yönünü Batıya dönen bir ülke çizgisine çekmeye çalışmıştır. Türk-İngiliz ticari ve siyasi münasebetleri 1923’ten sonra liberal çizgide gelişme göstermiştir. Türkiye 1920-1930 arası dönemde devamlı surette dış ticaret açığı vermiştir. Türkiye’nin İngiltere’ye olan ihracatı 1930’a kadar giderek azalırken ithalatı artmıştır. 1929 Dünya ekonomik krizi ile Almanya ve İtalya’nın anti statükocu politikaları İngilizleri Türkiye’ye yaklaştırmıştır. İngiltere Türkiye’yle ticaretinde istediği yere ancak 1936’dan sonra gelebilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Osmanlı Devleti ile İngiltere arasında XVI. yüzyılda başlayan ticari ilişkiler Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemine kadar ki süreçte ekonomi-politik eksende ele alınmıştır.
Hatip Çayı Havzası’nın (Ankara) Doğal Coğrafya Özellikleri ve Arazi Kullanımı
Authors: GÖZTEPE Seda , BAHADIR Muhammet , ŞEN Halithan
Published: October 2022

Bu çalışmada Hatip Çayı Havzası’nda arazi kullanımı üzerinde etkili olan doğal ve beşerî ortam özellikleri değerlendirilmiştir. Hatip Çayı, Ankara ili sınırları içerisinde yer alıp, Ankara’nın önemli akarsu havzalarından birini oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı havza genelinde doğal ve beşerî ortam özelliklerinin arazi kullanımı üzerine etkilerini ortaya koymak ve karşılaşılan sorunlar için çözüm önerileri sunmaktır. Çalışma süresi boyunca farklı yıllarda ve havzanın farklı yerlerinde arazi gözlemleri ve incelemeler yapılmıştır. Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri yardımıyla konu amacına uygun haritalar üretilmiş, Uzaktan Algılama tekniklerinden yararlanılarak havzanın yıllar içerisindeki arazi kullanımı değerlendirilmiştir. Hatip Çayı Havzası’nda en geniş alanı (15000 ha) tarım arazileri kaplarken, ikinci sırada en geniş alanı (13500 ha) yerleşme alanları kaplamaktadır. Bu durum havzada yanlış arazi kullanımına neden olmakta ve gelecek adına tehdit oluşturmaktadır. Yerleşme alanlarının yoğun ve düzensiz şekilde konumlanması tarım ve orman alanları üzerinde baskı oluşturmuştur. Havza genelinde yanlış arazi kullanımı söz konusu olup, tarım alanlarının verimsiz alanlarda kurulduğu, ormanlık alanların ise tahrip edildiği görülmüştür. Ayrıca havzada her beş yılda yaklaşık 100.000 nüfus artışı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu artış göz önünde bulundurulduğunda gelecek yıllarda nüfus ve yerleşme baskısının araziler üzerindeki etkisinin daha da artıracağı öngörülmektedir. Hatip Çayı Havzası’nda yanlış arazi kullanımının önüne geçmek için havzada bulunan tüm arazi türlerini kapsayan bir planlama yapılması gerekmektedir. Yapılacak planlamada coğrafi faktörler göz önünde bulundurularak arazi ve toprak kaybı engellenmelidir.
Aldous Huxley’nin Cesur Yeni Dünya’sı ya da Bilimin İktidarında Hakikat Mühendisliği
Authors: HAKKIOĞLU Mümin
Published: October 2022

Son iki yüz yıl, bilimin, toplumdaki algıyı evirebilme becerisiyle ve başka odaklarla kurduğu ilişkileri lehine çevirebilme kapasitesiyle, mutlak hakikati temsil eden bir güç olarak varoluşuna tanıklık etmiştir. Bu dönemde bilim kendisini dayatan dolaylı bir iktidara dönüşmüştür. Sözü edilen dolaylılık, bilimin bir ideoloji olarak toplumsal yapıyı düzenleyen siyasal erki kuşatmasındandır. Refleksif ve süreğen bir seyir izleyen bilim-iktidar ilişkisinin bilimin kontrolünde ilerlediği söylenebilir. Bilgiye kaynaklık eden ve hakikati biçimlendirebilen bilim, bu gücünü yalnızca yaptığı çalışmalardan, elde ettiği sonuçlardan ve başka erklerle kurduğu ilişkilerden değil hakikate yönelik oluşturduğu algıdan da alır. Bu yönüyle düzenleyici, kolaylaştırıcı fakat aynı zamanda insan doğasını bozacak potansiyele sahip korkutucu bir güçtür. XX. yüzyıl İngiliz yazınının önde gelen yazarlarından olan Aldous Huxley de bilimin bu yanına dikkati çekmiş, söz konusu çalışmaların kontrolden çıkınca insanlık için büyük bir tehdide dönüşebileceğini göstermiştir. Cesur Yeni Dünya Huxley’nin olası tehlikeye karşı okurlarını uyardığı en bilinen yapıtıdır. Baştan sona bilimsel süreçlerle tasarımlanmış bir toplumu resmeden roman, insanlığa refah ve mutluluk getirmek amacıyla çıkılan yolda bireylerin bir proje nesnesine indirgenerek yapaylığa mahkûm edilişini anlatır. Bu çalışma, Cesur Yeni Dünya’daki bilim, iktidar ve hakikat ilişkisini sorgulamakta ve romanda anlatılan distopik düzenin işleyişini belirleyenin siyasal iktidarın araçsallaştırdığı bilim değil bizzat o iktidarı kuşatan bilimin kendisi olduğunu savlamaktadır. Öte yandan, bilimin, bu dolaylı iktidarında, hakikati tekelleştirmesine bağlı olarak alternatifleri nasıl hiçleştirdiğini ve kendi hakikatini nasıl inşa ettiğini göstermeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda, bilimin mutlaklaştırıldığı romanın fütüristtik dünyasında, insan dâhil yaşamın her formunun projelendirildiğine vurgu yapılmakta ve hakikatin de “hakikat mühendisliği” diye adlandırılabilecek benzer bir sürece tabi tutulduğu ileri sürülmektedir.
تطبيق طريقة الاستجابة الجسدية الكاملة في تعليم اللغة العربية
Authors: Mustapa Mustapa , Ningsih Anita Andriya , Munir Muhammad Mubasysyir
Published: October 2022

The TPR (Total Physical Response) method in its implementation through speech instructions given to learners can be played through real examples that are meaningful and understandable. The nature of this study is descriptive analysis, which is the regular parsing of data that has been obtained, then given understanding and explanation in order to be well understood by readers. So that the steps taken are 1) learners must actively listen well to what is demonstrated by the teacher with the vocabulary keywords mentioned and the commands given by the teacher with examples of the use of such vocabulary in everyday life or phenomena that are around, 2) the student's task in listening to the teacher's demonstration explanation explaining the existing vocabulary must be in some time and not just once and thoroughly,  3) The next stage is to deify and imitate, 4) the teacher tries to order students without keywords or demonstrations or other stimulus, 5) Students act or demonstrate teacher commands, 6) creative and innovative demonstrations are carried out by teachers so that students are more understanding and able to imitate well, 7) teachers give varied command models without demonstrations or demonstrations, and 8) then in the final stages students are able to protest to colleagues in turn.
Ta'tsiiru Kholfiyyati al-Tholabah al-Dirosiyyah wa Kafaatihim fi Ta'allumi al-Lughoh al-Arobiyyah lada Tholabati al-Madaaris al-Tsaanawiyyah al-Islaamiyyah bi Malang
Authors: Hamzah Hadi Nurdi , Fikri Shofil
Published: October 2022

Learning Arabic at Madrasah Aliyah in the city of Malang faces various difficulties, including: (1) Non-linearity in student education. Students from Islamic Junior High School (MTs) do not always continue their studies to Islamic Senior High School (MA) and similarly students from Junior High School (SMP) do not always continue their studies to Senior High School (SMA). (2) The second problem is the language competence of each student which is also an important thing in the Arabic learning process. This research is very important to do to find out the relationship between students' background and their learning ability. The two researchers used quantitative research to determine the effect of students' background and competence on the motivation to learn Arabic among Islamic Senior High School (MA) students in Malang. The results of this study are R = 0.317 R Table 0.113 which means it has a weak correlation and the results of multiple regression tests are obtained by chi square 0.100, which means that students' background (X1) and competence (X2) have an effect = 1.00% on motivation to learn Arabic in Indonesia among students of Islamic Senior High School Malang (Y). There are other factors that affect the motivation to learn Arabic in Madrasah Aliyah students except the academic background and proficiency of students by 99.00%, and this result is greater than the influence of background and language proficiency of students.
Splątane gałęzie Drzewa Opowieści. Struktury baśniowe w „Berenie i Lúthien” J.R.R. Tolkiena
Authors: Żurek Agnieszka
Published: October 2022

The article analyses the impact of folktales on J.R.R. Tolkien’s story about Beren and Lúthien. The story was numerously rewritten and modified by the author, so the article focuses on three versions: The Tale of Tinúviel (written c. 1917), The Lay of Leithian (written 1925–1931) and Quenta Silmarillion (written c. 1937), the last of which is the textual base for The Silmarillion (1973). The major instruments of analysis are the Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index and Vladimir Propp’s folk-tale characters functions.

Beren and Lúthien emerges from several folktale types, along with numerous mythological and literary sources. The dominant type is ATU 460–499 (“Supernatural Task”), especially ATU 461 (“Three Hairs of the Devil”), but there are also references to ATU 550 (“The Golden Bird”) and ATU 551 (“The Water of Life”). The functions of the hero, the princess, and the helper are performed by, respectively, Beren, Lúthien, and Huan. However, the functions of the hero and the princess are distributed between the two protagonists and Lúthien assumes the hero’s function because she actively takes part in performing the supernatural task. The reason is that gender roles are subordinated to more important division between the human (Beren) and the divine (Lúthien, who resembles both a solar deity and a Christological figure). The convention of the folktale is also alluded to by stereotypical characteristics and moral values ascribed to the dog, the wolf, and the cat. The Tale of Tinúviel can be recognized as an etiological tale of the type ATU 200 (“The Dog’s Certificate”).
„Cordel” — brazylijska literatura „sznurkowa”. Zastosowanie dydaktyczne
Authors: Chmiel Eliasz
Published: October 2022

In Letramento literário e cordel: o ensino de literatura por um novo olhar [Literary literacy and cordel literature: literature teaching from a new perspective], Gilles Villeneuve Souza Nascimento presents the literary literacy through the cordel genre as a potential solution to the reading and literature teaching crisis in Brazil.

Initially, the author dialogues with the theoretical findings of Regina Zilberman, Ângela Kleiman, Rildo Cosson, Ana Cristina Marinho, and Hélder Pinheiro (among others) regarding the reader formation, literacy, literary literacy, and the use of the cordel in literature teaching. The most interesting part, however, is the practical one, which contains a description of the school workshop which proved the appropriateness of the proposal.

Although its conclusions are based on results of an experiment on merely 16 students from one school, from a region where cordel literature is particularly popular, Letramento literário e cordel… is a valuable publication which presents very interesting possibilities of making use of a literature often considered — due to its simplicity — as “second-class art.” Moreover, despite the local character of the research, the majority of the author’s observations have a universal application.
Szekspir i Dorothy L. Sayers — od zabawy cytatami do rekonstrukcji „przemilczanych opowieści”
Authors: Szurek Agnieszka
Published: October 2022

This paper outlines the evolution in Sayers’ use of Shakespeare — from merely playing with quotes to deeper and more sophisticated relations. Sayers frequently uses quotations as mottos or titles, she also intertwines them to her heroes’ utterances, mainly to achieve comical effect. Tossing quotes around in this manner may seem rather shallow when compared to other ‘golden age’ authors, such as for example Josephine Tey (Daughter of Time) or Agatha Christie (Taken at the Flood). Shakespearean quotes in Sayers’ crime stories are mainly ornamental and rarely have an important function in the plot. In her two last novels, however, Sayers begins using Shakespeare’s plays in a different way: she tries to find ‘untold’ stories behind the text or tell an alternative, ‘better’ version. From this point of view, Gaudy Night may be considered an ‘improved’ version of The Taming of the Shrew, and Busman’s Honeymoon of Coriolanus and Hamlet. In certain aspects such practice resembles that of J.R.R. Tolkien and Charles Williams, although Sayers’ attention turned to different matters and different kind of stories.
Szekspir z kryminałem w tle (albo odwrotnie)
Authors: Walc Krystyna
Published: October 2022

The author concentrates on two thrillers by Jennifer Lee Carrell: Interred with Their Bones (2007) and Haunt Me Still (2010). The protagonists, Katharine Stanley (theater director with a reputation as an expert in both Shakespeare and the Renaissance occult) and Benjamin Pearl (founder of an elite British security firm), are conducting a double investigation. They are trying to find the murderer who kills his victims in a manner resembling Shakespearean characters. The investigation leads them to literary riddles — in the first novel, they hunt for the lost play Cardenio, in the second — they try to find an unknown version of Macbeth. These are, of course, real murders and there are police officers who try find the killers. But only the people who are connected with Shakespeare (actors, scholars, etc.) can solve all the puzzles. The protagonists wander a maze of university libraries, dark museum rooms, theater scenes, and even caves with 17th- and 19th-century corpses. They visit a settlement named Shakespeare in the New Mexico desert, where an eccentric millionaire has built a replica of Elsynor.

The author of the article pays attention to the pieces of Shakespearian puzzle which are not widely known, such as Macbeth as a famously cursed play and Shakespeare authorship theories.

The most important element in both novels (in the author’s opinion) is that Shakespeare’s plays are still a value some people are ready to kill for or even die for.
Kryminały (są) dla dziewczyn… — refleksje wokół cyklu detektywistycznego Karen Karbo o Minervie Clark
Authors: Has-Tokarz Anita
Published: October 2022

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in detective literature among the youngest readers. The appeal of this type of literature is confirmed not only by a kind of “publication overproduction” observable in the segment of books for children and young adults, but also by reader rankings. The latter also show two significant trends: firstly — the declining age of the youngest readers who choose detective stories, secondly — girls are beginning to prevail among the young recipients of this literature.

The goal of the article is to seek an answer to the question why young girls increasingly often choose detective literature and what makes it attractive from the reception perspective. The example which is the focus of attention is the mystery-type trilogy written by American author Karen Karbo about the adventures of an eccentric teenager Minerva Clark. The series consists of the following volumes: Minerva Clark Gets a Clue, Minerva Clark Goes to the Dogs, and Minerva Clark Gives Up the Ghost, all of which can be categorized as classical detective stories.

The latest detective fiction for young girls, which readily utilizes gender and feminist topics, features more and more characters of brave and independent female amateur detectives. Minerva Clark has joined this colorful gallery of characters, who appeared in the twentieth-century literature thanks to Miss Marple novels authored by Agatha Christie. The literary character of Minerva Clark arouses associations with another fictional character meant for female teenage readers — Nancy Drew, the titular hero of American novels Nancy Drew Mystery Series, published in the USA since the 1930s.

Minerva Clark has become part of the contemporary discourse on femininity and the role of gender in popular culture. The popularity of the trilogy in question as well as the whole trend of detective stories for girls can be explained in several ways. Apart from the feminine topic repertoire, the literary factors are of significance: suspense-keeping stories, captivating plots, young people’s slang, and most of all — humor, highly thought of by the young audience. In Karen Karbo’s series we are dealing with verbal-intellectual and situational comedy as well as that of characters. The content-related comedy-making factors in the trilogy about Minerva Clark also include humorous narration (play on words), situational scenes, and a happy ending. Books about female teenage detectives such as Minerva evoke a substantial response among their gender also because they are written with present-day girls and their needs in mind.
Buddyzm dla młodego czytelnika. O kilku realizacjach w języku polskim
Authors: Kalinowski Daniel
Published: October 2022

The article presents contemporary examples of Polish literature for young readers which are thematically related to Buddhism. Among this type of publications, three groups can be distinguished: books with collections of Buddhist fairy tales, a socio-moral novel, and a comic book. The novel Zenek i mrówki [Zenek and the Ants] by Andrzej Grabowski is particularly interesting. Here, Buddhism is presented in a very original way, with understanding of the needs of the Polish reader and with a sensitivity in presenting information about Buddhism. On the contemporary Polish publishing market, literature for young readers concerning non-Christian religions is rare, but the development of Buddhism in Europe means that one can expect further development of local Buddhist literature.
Człowiek — to brzmi… marnie. Pesymistyczna antropologia „weird fiction”
Authors: Wróbel Łukasz
Published: October 2022

The article is focused on discussing the anthropological dimension of weird fiction. This type of literature presents the characteristic picture of a man which the author defines as homo victus. The pessimism and the vanity of existence are typical elements of weird fiction poetics. The authors often structure their writing in such a way so that the characters, when confronted with the uncanny nature of the world, can understand their insignificance and fragility. With the aim of advocating this thesis, stories of three remarkable authors who wrote in this convention will be discussed: Howard Phillips Lovecraft, Stefan Grabiński, and Thomas Ligotti.
Estado de mal convulsivo. Protocolo terapêutico.
Authors: Bentes Carla C , Pimentel José G
Published: October 2022

Convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) in a medical emergency with a prognosis associated to its duration, claiming an early and effective treatment. The authors present the treatment protocol proposed at the Hospital de Santa Maria. The chosen definition of CSE allows its rapid treatment, and the electroencephalographic record the monitoring of its real efficacy. The treatment protocol is initiated whenever there are: continuous seizures persisting for more than 5 min, or two or more seizures surveying without regain of consciousness between them. The goal is stopping convulsive activity in less than 30 min and interrupting any epileptiform electroencephalographic activity. The initial pharmacological treatment of CSE includes lorazepam and fosphenitoin, a phenitoin prodrug. The first is chosen by the longer duration of its antiseizure effect as compared with diazepam; the second allows the administration of an identical dose but in a shorter period of time as compared to the mother drug; besides, it has few local and systemic effects and can be given intramuscularly after stopping the CSE. Drugs with a rapid clinical effect and rapid clearance, as midazolam and propofol should be used for treating refractory SE. Pentobarbital is the last anesthetic drug to be used because of its adverse cardiovascular effects and long-lasting action which can delay weaning from ventilatory support.
Renovando a Acta Médica Portuguesa...
Authors: Marinho Rui Tato , Fernandez-Llimos Fernando
Published: October 2022

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Sistemas de Derivação de Fluxo no Tratamento de Aneurismas Intra-cranianos – resultados aos seis Meses de Seguimento
Authors: Baptista Tiago , Fragata Isabel , Ribeiro Clara , Reis João
Published: October 2022

A reconstrução endoluminal com sistemas de derivação de fluxo (flow diverter devices) constitui uma técnica inovadora no tratamento de aneurismas intra-cranianos. Estes novos stents, auto-expansíveis e de reduzida porosidade, são libertados através de microcateterização da artéria portadora do aneurisma, reconstruindo assim a sua parede e excluindo a formação aneurismática da circulação arterial. Neste trabalho mostramos os resultados preliminares obtidos no tratamento de 10 doentes no Hospital de São José, Lisboa. Estes doentes, com aneurismas de colo largo (> 4mm) ou ratio saco/colo não favorável (< 1,5), foram tratados com o sistema PIPELINE®, e estudos angiográficos de controlo foram efectuados aos três e seis meses. Novo controlo será feito aos 12 meses. A idade media dos doentes envolvidos é de 54,3 anos, oito doentes são do sexo feminino e dois doentes do sexo masculino. Os aneurismas foram incidentalmente descobertos em dois doentes e os restantes foram diagnosticados no contexto de investigação imagiológica por cefaleias (n = 3), defeito de campo visual (n = 1), vertigens (n = 1) e parésia de pelo menos um par craniano (n = 2). Em apenas dois doentes foi observada hemorragia subaracnoideia e outros dois doentes foram submetidos a terapêutica endovascular prévia, com espiras metálicas. As localizações dos aneurismas tratados são o segmento M1/M2 da artéria cerebral média (n = 1) e os segmentos da artéria carótida interna para-oftálmico (n = 6), oftálmico (n = 2) e cavernoso (n = 4). Treze aneurismas intra-cranianos foram tratados uma vez que três doentes apresentavam múltiplos aneurismas. Os estudos de controlo efectuados demonstram um grau de oclusão médio aos três meses de 74% e aos seis meses de 86%. Não se observou qualquer redução das dimensões do saco de um dos aneurismas para-oftálmico. A experiência deste serviço é muito favorável a utilização de sistemas de derivação de fluxo no tratamento de aneurismas seleccionados, tendo obtido taxas de oclusão elevadas dados os desafios existentes na terapêutica deste tipo de aneurismas.
Hiperintensidade Bilateral do Pulvinar e Núcleo Dorso-medial do Tálamo na Forma Esporádica da Doença de Creutzfeldt-Jakob
Authors: Casimiro Carlos , Martins Joana , Parreira Tiago , Baldeiras Inês , Ribeiro Helena , Batista Sónia , Machado Egídio , Maduro Ana , Rebelo Olinda , Freitas Pedro
Published: October 2022

Introdução: A doença de Creutzfeldt-Jakob (DCJ) é uma patologia neurodegenerativa rapidamente progressiva causada por priões. O diagnóstico precoce e a determinação da sua forma revestem-se de importância epidemiológica, com forte impacto na saúde pública. A hiperintensidade bilateral do pulvinar, isoladamente (pulvinar sign) ou em associação com o núcleo dorso-medial dos tálamos (double hockey stick sign), no estudo de difusão, sequências ponderadas em T2 e fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), é critério para o diagnóstico provável da forma variante da DCJ (vDCJ). A hiperdensidade bilateral dos caudados, putamina e córtex é o padrão habitualmente encontrado na forma esporádica da DCJ (eDCJ). Objectivo: Análise das alterações imagiológicas encontradas numa doente com eDCJ e hiperintensidade do pulvinar e núcleo dorsomedial dos tálamos, para avaliar a capacidade da RM diferenciar a vDCJ da eDCJ, na presença deste padrão lesional. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma ressonância magnética (RM) cerebral a uma doente do sexo feminino, 62 anos, com diagnóstico definitivo de eDCJ por estudo anatomopatológico do tecido cerebral. Análise qualitativa das imagens obtidas por RM, incluindo estudo de difusão e sequências ponderadas em T2 e FLAIR, bem como dos padrões lesionais encontrados. Resultados: A RM cerebral revelou hiperintensidade dos núcleos caudados, putamina, pulvinar e núcleo dorso-medial dos tálamos no estudo de difusão (com diminuição do coeficiente de difusão aparente), e sequências ponderadas em T2 e FLAIR, sendo que o hipersinal dos caudados e putamina revelou ser mais exuberante que a intensidade de sinal dos tálamos; hiperintensidade dos hipocampos e córtex frontal, temporal e parietal, mais exuberantes em FLAIR e no estudo de difusão. Comentário: A presença de hiperintensidade do pulvinar e núcleo dorso-medial dos tálamos na eDCJ poderá suscitar dúvidas no diagnóstico diferencial com a vDCJ. Só deverão ser considerados como verdadeiros pulvinar sign e double hockey stick sign, sugestivos de vDCJ, se a sua hiperintensidade for mais marcada que a intensidade de sinal dos caudados e putamina.
Utilização de uma pequena calculadora programavel como auxiliar do planeamento em radioterapia.
Authors: Valente Fernando Pulido
Published: October 2022

Apresenta-se um método para obter curvas, de isodose em campos fixos tanto para fontes de radiação de Co6o, como para feixes de raios X de 8MeV, produzidos por aceleradores lineares, utilizando uma pequena calculadora programável. Fornecem-se indicações concretas sobre OS algoritmos utilizados e alguns detalhes sobre a programação. Comparam-se os resultados obtidos com valores experimentais e indicam-se as possibilidades e limitações do método. Considera-se finalmente a possibilidade de extender este método ao cálculo dos valores da relação tecido/ar (Tar) para a radiação do Co6o e sua consequente aplicação ao cálculo de dose no centro de rotação em terápia rotativa.
Osteogénese Imperfeita – Experiência do Serviço de Ortopedia do Hospital Dona Estefânia
Authors: Escobar Carlos , Malveiro Duarte , Salgado António , Santos Maria Inês , Lameirão Campagnolo João , Cassiano Neves Manuel
Published: October 2022

Introdução/Objectivos: A osteogénese imperfeita (OI) é uma doença genética caracterizada por fragilidade óssea e osteopenia. O tratamento implica uma abordagem multidisciplinar e tem como objectivo a melhoria da qualidade de vida. Os autores pretendem descrever as características de uma amostra de crianças com OI, avaliar o tratamento realizado e a evolução clínica pré e pós terapêutica. Material e Métodos: Estudo observacional, longitudinal, retrospectivo e analítico, com base nos dados obtidos da consulta dos processos de todos os doentes com OI incluídos no protocolo de tratamento com pamidronato no Hospital Dona Estefânia. As variáveis estudadas foram: sexo, idade de diagnóstico, antecedentes familiares de OI, idade de fractura, localização da fractura, número de fracturas, terapêutica médica/cirúrgica, idade de início do tratamento médico, número de ciclos de terapêutica médica, idade da terapêutica cirúrgica, complicações da terapêutica cirúrgica. Adoptou-se um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: De 21 doentes, 61,9% eram do sexo masculino e 11 tinham registado o diagnóstico do tipo de OI (cinco do tipo I, três tipo III, três tipo IV). A idade média de diagnóstico foi de 20,6 meses, verificando-se dois picos diagnósticos: no primeiro mês – 37%, e aos 24 meses - 26%. Em média os doentes apresentaram 0,62 fracturas/doente/ano, 17,4% das quais no período perinatal e 62% antes dos três anos de idade. A maioria das fracturas ocorreu nos membros inferiores (55,6%). Todos os doentes realizaram tratamento médico, com início em média aos 4,3 anos. Na amostra com seguimento (n=14) verificou-se diminuição no número de fracturas após o início do tratamento com pamidronato (de 0,76 para 0,35 fracturas/doente/ano). Foram colocadas cavilhas endomedulares em nove doentes (64,3%). Em oito doentes foram colocadas nos fémures, quatro unilaterais e quatro bilaterais, não existindo antecedentes de fractura em três casos. Não se registaram novas fracturas nos ossos encavilhados. Conclusão: A OI é uma doença com uma ampla variabilidade clínica que depende maioritariamente do seu tipo. Apesar de não existir tratamento curativo, o tratamento médico com bifosfonatos e o tratamento cirúrgico, com colocação de cavilhas endomedulares, parece reduzir a incidência de novas fracturas.
Síndrome de Hiperestimulação Ovárica: Experiência de um Centro de Medicina da Reprodução 2005-2011
Authors: Lima Mariana , Sousa Mário , Oliveira Cristiano , Silva Joaquina , Teixeira Da Silva José , Cunha Mariana , Viana Paulo , Barros Alberto
Published: October 2022

Introdução: A Síndrome de Hiperestimulação Ovárica é uma complicação da hiperestimulação controlada do ovário realizada nos ciclos de reprodução medicamente assistida . O objetivo deste trabalho foi efetuar uma análise desses ciclos, para melhor compreensão daquela patologia, nomeadamente fatores de risco, formas de prevenção e tratamento da mesma e suas consequências. Materiais e Métodos: Análise retrospetiva de 4870 ciclos de reprodução medicamente assistida (2005 - 2011) com Síndrome de Hiperestimulação moderado (27) e grave (24). Foram estudados, os dados das características dos doentes, protocolos de estimulação, resultados embriológicos e clínicos, e tratamento efetuado. Resultados: No grupo com Síndrome de Hiperestimulação Ovárica a idade média foi inferior, a dose de rFSH + HMG foi mais baixa e os níveis de estradiol foram mais elevados. Nos grupos com Síndrome de Hiperestimulação, as taxas foram significativamente superiores para o número médio de ovócitos e blastocistos obtidos, de gravidez bioquímica e clínica, de implantação e de recém-nascidos. O parto muito pré-termo e a proporção de recém-nascidos com peso baixo e muito baixo foram superiores no grupo com Síndrome de Hiperestimulação Ovárica. As doentes com Síndrome de Hiperestimulação Ovárica grave foram hospitalizadas tendo apenas sido necessária medicação de suporte. Discussão: A Síndrome de Hiperestimulação Ovárica foi associada a condições de risco para o feto, nomeadamente prematuridade e baixo peso ao nascimento, devendo manter-se uma vigilância apertada da gravidez nestes casos. Conclusão: A idade jovem constitui um fator de risco de Síndrome de Hiperestimulação Ovárica e o nível de estradiol elevado foi preditor do mesmo, devendo levar à adoção de estratégias de prevenção.
Referente ao Artigo: C Almeida, D Moreira, Machado A, Terra I, Vieira L, Cunha J. Gastrenterite a Salmonella em idade pediátrica. Acta Med Port 2012;25:219-23
Authors: Gouveia Lopes Ana Isabel
Published: October 2022

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Esperando o Sucesso
Authors: Marinho Rui Tato
Published: October 2022

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Diagnóstico e tratamento do nódulo solitário da tiróide: estudo de avaliação em Portugal
Authors: Vilar Helena , Carrilho Francisco , Borges Fátima , Limbert Edward , Rodrigues Fernando , Oliveira Maria João , Jácome De Castro João , Grupo de Estudos da Tiróide .
Published: October 2022

Introdução – A melhor estratégia diagnóstica e terapêutica em relação à abordagem da doença nodular da tiroideia, continua a ser um assunto controverso. Objectivos – Este estudo teve como objectivo caracterizar a prática médica, relativamente ao diagnóstico e tratamento da patologia nodular da tiroideia, de endocrinologistas e cirurgiões, em Portugal, em 2002. Métodos – Foi elaborado um questionário baseado no já utilizado pela European Thyroid Association e pela American Thyroid Association. Este questionário foi distribuído pela Sociedade Portuguesa de Endocrinologia, a médicos endocrinologistas e cirurgiões, tendo em conta um caso clínico bem definido, de uma mulher de 42 anos com nódulo solitário da tiróide com 2 x 3 cm, sem história de disfunção ou sintomas dolorosos. Cada médico deveria responder quais os procedimentos diagnósticos e terapêuticos que adoptaria no caso em referência. Onze variações ao caso inicial foram propostas de forma a avaliar as alterações efectuadas para cada alteração introduzida. Resultados – Foram enviados 1492 questionários, 163 a médicos endocrinologistas e 1329 a cirurgiões, tendo-se recebido um total de 104 respostas. A taxa de respostas global foi de 7%. A taxa de respostas dos endocrinologistas foi de 27% e dos cirurgiões de 4,5%. Dos 104 questionários recebidos, 42% provinham de endocrinologistas e 58% de cirurgiões. Em relação aos exames analíticos pedidos, os cirurgiões utilizaram mais analises do que os endocrinologistas para o caso clínico em estudo. As principais diferenças em termos laboratoriais consistiram num maior número de pedidos de T4 e T3 totais e tiroglobulina pelos cirurgiões, e mais pedidos de AATPO pelos endocrinologistas. O número médio de análises foi de 4,6, sendo de 4,1 para os endocrinologistas e 5,1 para os cirurgiões. Quanto à imagiologia e citologia, 32% dos médicos inquiridos advogaram uma cintigrafia para o estudo do caso clínico, não se registando diferenças significativas entre endocrinologistas e cirurgiões. A ecografia foi utilizada por mais de 85% dos inquiridos. 90% pediram uma citologia, dos quais 83% orientada por palpação e 18% eco-guiada. Em relação ao tratamento, 33% dos médicos preconizaram tratamento com levotiroxina, sendo a cirurgia proposta por 16,3% dos endocrinologistas e 36,6% dos cirurgiões. No entanto, a maioria dos médicos (68%) optaria por não efectuar qualquer tratamento mantendo apenas a doente em vigilância. Conclusões – Existem diferenças importantes na forma de abordagem da doença nodular tiroideia, entre os vários médicos e os vários especialistas, sublinhando-se a dificuldade existente em atingir um consenso diagnóstico e terapêutico.
Achados de Angio-TC Aórtica Típicos de Arterite de Takayasu
Authors: Lourenço Cândida Sofia , Basso Susana Patricia , Dionisio Maria Assunção
Published: October 2022

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