bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Speed-adaptive dynamic surface attitude control for a satellite with moving masses under input constraints
Authors: Hu Yuandong , Lu Zhengliang , Liao Wenhe
Published: July 2020

This paper investigates an attitude control technique for a low Earth orbit nanosatellite with moving masses based on the active use of aerodynamic forces. A speed-adaptive dynamic surface control scheme is designed to comprehensively solve the practical problems of aerodynamic model error, the dynamic effect of movement, stroke limitation, and slow convergence. Multiple constraints are imposed on the inputs to reduce the fast-varying dynamic effect of the masses to be negligible. Other slow-varying disturbances are precisely estimated by a nonlinear observer. In particular, to resolve the contradiction between the overshoot and the attitude convergence speed, a novel adaptive law is designed based on the smooth hyperbolic tangent function to adjust the convergence parameter within the given boundary. Moreover, considering the actual physical limitation, hard constraints are imposed on two actuators. Finally, by using the Lyapunov approach, it is proven that, despite uncertain dynamics, unknown disturbances and input constraints, the attitude error can be adjusted to be arbitrarily small by choosing the proper parameters. A semi-physical simulation platform is built to verify the feasibility of the moving mass actuator and the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control scheme.
Assessing the Practice Characteristics of Otolaryngology Same‐Day Appointments in an Academic Center
Authors: Geelan‐Hansen Katie , Were Vega , Granger Kleve , Jones Dwight
Published: July 2020

Objectives

to Examine the practice characteristics of same‐day clinic appointments and the use of same‐day appointment scheduling to provide access to care in an otolaryngology–head and neck surgery clinic.

Methods

Retrospective chart review of same‐day clinic appointments from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2018, in patients aged >19 years at a single academic center. Demographic data, diagnoses, procedures completed, and operations completed were analyzed.

Results

There were 2696 visits by 2324 patients during the 3‐year study period. More men than women (57% vs 43%) made same‐day appointments. The mean age was 50.7 years (range, 19‐99 years). Sinonasal and otologic diagnoses were the most frequently coded. A total of 1452 procedures were completed on the day of the visit, and 239 operations were completed as a result of the visit. Overall, a broad spectrum of otolaryngology care was delivered within the organizational new patient access goals.

Discussion

Access to otolaryngology–head and neck surgery care can be challenging. Many patients will seek care when they feel they need it, and patient conditions can change unexpectedly. Offering same‐day scheduling can allow patients timely health care and appropriate care.

Implications for Practice

Same‐day appointment scheduling can provide access to care and urgent care for patients. The department of otolaryngology–head and neck surgery has been able to maintain a high rate of providing new patient appointments within 10 days with this method. Further considerations for the impact of same‐day scheduling on no‐show rates and patient satisfaction can be evaluated.
Word Use as an Unobtrusive Predictor of Early Departure From Organizations
Authors: Baek Young Min , Ihm Jennifer
Published: July 2020

Past studies have emphasized members’ personality as an important predictor of departure from organizations, but the measurement of this factor has mostly relied on self-judged personality. As alternatives to self-judged personality, our study examines how two unobtrusive measures—others-judged personality and computerized text analytic results through Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count 2015 (Pennebaker et al., 2015)—are related to members’ departure from organizations ( N = 49). Drawing from internal personnel evaluations (i.e., others-judged personality), text (i.e., self-introduction documents that applicants submitted when applying to the organization), and behavioral data (i.e., actual stay in the organization), this study indicates that unobtrusive measures significantly predict members’ length of stay and that simultaneous use of both measures better predicts members’ length of stay in the organization than either one separately. However, text analytic results through Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count 2015 predict members’ departure more robustly. This study expands the theoretical meaning of personality and provides practical ways to predict people’s organizational behaviors.
Signals, strongholds, and support: Political party protests in South Africa
Authors: Lewis Jacob S
Published: July 2020

South African politics are in a period of transition: the dominant African National Congress (ANC) is in decline, support for opposition parties has been rising, and voters have been disengaging rapidly from the electoral process. As protest movements have become more common and more powerful, established political parties have increasingly led their own protests, often addressing the same issues that citizens rise up about. This phenomenon has been understudied but has important ramifications for the future of South African politics. This article addresses this gap in the literature, arguing that party-led protests can be interpreted as costly signals of credible commitments to address the very issues that citizens are upset about. In a time when established parties are losing support, they may turn to these costly protests to demonstrate their commitment to addressing the needs of the people. Using counts of party-led protests and riots as well as election outcomes in the 2004, 2009, 2014, and 2019 national elections, this article demonstrates that party-led protests primarily target stronghold municipalities. In doing so, they positively correlate with vote-shares during elections. This boon accrues primarily to the opposition parties, but not the incumbent ANC.
Myomectomy scar pregnancy: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Zhu Linling , Yang Xinyun , Sun Wenchao , Qian Liang , Li Songyi , Li Dingheng
Published: July 2020

Myomectomy scar pregnancy (MSP) is a rare disease, which is defined as a gestational sac located within a previous myomectomy scar. MSP is an uncommon late complication of uterine fibroids after myomectomy. We report a case where the implantation site matched the site of the previous myomectomy, and review the existing literature. A 28-year-old pregnant woman presented with vaginal bleeding. She was diagnosed with MSP by ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, and then underwent laparotomic enucleation. The patient’s postoperative course was uneventful. Taking into account the findings in our case and the seven other reported cases of MSP, we propose that MSP can be divided into three types and that surgical enucleation of the pregnancy mass is an effective treatment.
Meta-analysis of the association between MALAT1 rs619586 A>G polymorphism and cancer risk
Authors: Ni Wenwen , Wang Xinyu , Sun Yuqi , Gao Xueren
Published: July 2020

Objective

This study aimed to systematically assess the effect of the metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 ( MALAT1) long noncoding RNA rs619586 polymorphism on cancer risk.

Methods

We conducted a literature search of the PubMed, Embase, and China National Knowledge Internet databases to identify relevant studies, and calculated the pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the retrieved studies using RevMan software.

Results

Nine eligible studies including 5968 cases and 7439 controls were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled results showed that MALAT1 rs619586 polymorphism was significantly associated with cancer risk [(AG + GG) vs. AA: OR = 0.88; GG vs. (AG + AA): OR = 0.64; GG vs. AA: OR = 0.63; AG vs. AA: OR = 0.91; G vs. A: OR = 0.87]. However, subgroup analyses based on ethnicity and cancer type showed significant associations between MALAT1 rs619586 polymorphism and cancer risk in Asians and for cancers other than hepatocellular carcinoma, but not for Caucasians and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Conclusions

MALAT1 rs619586 polymorphism may play a role in cancer risk. However, further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Lack of associations between lactoferrin (LTF) and mannose-binding lectin 2 (MBL2) gene polymorphism and dental caries susceptibility
Authors: Hu Xiao-Pan , Zhou Hai-jing , Li Zhi-Qiang , Song Tian-Zhu , Zhu Yan-Yan
Published: July 2020

Objective

With the development of human genomics, the genetic factors associated with dental caries have receiving increasing attention. This study was performed to evaluate the relationship between lactoferrin ( LTF) and mannose-binding lectin 2 ( MBL2) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and dental caries susceptibility in Chinese children.

Methods

This prospective case–control study included 360 unrelated children (aged 12–15 years) who received oral health examinations and questionnaire surveys. The children were divided into two groups by counting the numbers of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT/dmft): case group (n = 162, DMFT/dmft ≥ 1) and control group (n = 198, DMFT/dmft = 0); non-invasive saliva samples were collected to extract genomic DNA. Six SNPs ( rs2073495C/G, rs1042073C/T, rs10865941C/T, and rs1126477A/G in LTF; rs7096206C/G and rs7095891G/A in MBL2) were tested by mass spectrometry.

Results

The study included 360 individuals with (85 boys and 77 girls) and without a history of caries (96 boys and 102 girls). There were no statistically significant differences in alleles and genotypes among the six SNPs between the two groups.

Conclusion

There is no evidence that polymorphisms of LTF and MBL2 genes are associated with dental caries susceptibility in populations from northwest China; further confirmation is needed with larger sample sizes.
‘Where chaos was, there shall be a matrix’ (de Maré). The large analytic group between chaos and creativity—reflections on the concept, its history and further evolution
Authors: Potthoff Peter
Published: July 2020

The author presents a survey of the development of large group theory. Older publications (e.g. Kreeger, Turqet, also drawing on Freud, M. Klein, Bion) describe the chaotic-aggressive, near-psychosis character of the large group, a certain contrast between the seemingly ‘benign’ small group and the ‘destructive’ large group and a predominantly dyadic relationship between the conductor and the large group. More recent publications (Wilke, Island, formerly also de Maré) underline the creative-constructive potential of the large group and the intersubjective interweaving of the conductor and the large group. Experiences with a conductor-pair in the daily large group of the Altaussee workshop instead of one conductor are discussed. The author pleads for the application of modern intersubjective theorizing to the large group. The analytic attitude and intervention technique would be changed: the traditional position of strict neutrality, anonymity and abstinence as well as the emphasis on whole-group interpretations would be substituted by a more open stance that does not hide the subjectivity of the conductor(s) but rather reveals and uses the conductor’s subjectivity to promote the analytic process.
Destination unknown: The geography of Baltic shipping and the registration system of the Sound Toll Registers in the eighteenth century
Authors: Demchenko Pavel
Published: July 2020

This research note explores the specifics of the Sound Toll Registers as a historical source. It accounts for the shipmasters who sailed into the Baltic but are largely absent from the Sound Toll Registers because they were not attributed to a port. A method of detecting these shipmasters is proposed, together with an explanation as to why this administrative practice developed.
Controlling Norwegian natural ice imports into the fishing port of Boulogne-sur-Mer, 1870-1910
Authors: Dorovitsa Effie
Published: July 2020

From the 1870s until roughly the outbreak of the First World War, cargoes of Norwegian ice were shipped to numerous French ports. The ice was crucial for the smooth operation of many industries, especially those in the alimentation sector. The Northern French port of Boulogne-sur-Mer, with its thriving fishing industry, became one of the main entry points for imported Norwegian natural ice blocks. This Research Note is based on the holdings of Boulogne Municipal Archives and the Departmental Archives of the Pas de Calais region. It highlights the significant role that Norwegian ice imports could play in a port whose economy was largely based on the fisheries. It further reveals how concerns about the hygienic quality of natural ice dictated a series of regulations aimed at safeguarding public health in nineteenth-century France, and how these measures were introduced and tackled in Boulogne-sur-Mer. With a regulatory framework that strictly controlled inflows of Norwegian ice into French ports, a few Boulonnaise hygiene officials had to step in to protect the interests of the local fishing industry.
Maritime history at maritime museums
Authors: Scholl Lars U.
Published: July 2020

All museums do research into their collections. Some maritime museums, however, have started co-operations with adjacent universities and formed research bodies that initiated multidisciplinary research projects, as well as inaugurating PhD programmes and joining the transnational academic discourse. These initiatives are dependent on active promotion by research directors. Once these directors retire, their research initiatives are often jeopardised.
Dynamic behavior of the nonlinear planetary gear model in nonstationary conditions
Authors: Hammami Ahmed , Mbarek Ayoub , Fernández Alfonso , Chaari Fakher , Viadero Fernando , Haddar Mohamed
Published: July 2020

The nonlinear effects in gearboxes are a key concern to describe accurately their dynamic behavior. This task is difficult for complex gear systems such as planetary gearboxes. The main aim of this work is to provide responses to overcome this difficulty especially in nonstationary operating regimes by investigating a back-to-back planetary gearbox in steady conditions and in the run-up regime. The nonlinear Hertzian contact of teeth pair is modeled in stationary and nonstationary run-up regime. Then it is incorporated in to a torsional model of the planetary gearbox through different mesh stiffness functions. In addition, motor torque and external load variation are taken into account. The nonlinear equations of motion of the back-to-back planetary gearbox are computed through the Newmark- β algorithm combined with the method of Newton–Raphson. An experimental validation of the proposed numerical model is done through a test bench for both stationary and run-up regimes. The vibration characteristics are extracted and correlated to speed and torque. Time–frequency analysis is implemented to characterize the transient regime during the run-up.
Dynamics of a beam with multiple spring/mass attachments using binary asymptotic admissible functions
Authors: Vijay Kumar S , Sarkar Abhijit , Padmanabhan Chandramouli
Published: July 2020

The dynamics of an Euler–Bernoulli beam, with multiple spring/mass attachments, is investigated in this paper. A novel analytical approach for determining the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the system is presented. The formulation is applicable for any parameter value of the attached mass or spring stiffness. The calculation is performed using a minimal binary set of admissible functions for each spring/mass connection, with extremal values (zero or infinity) of the parameter. For example, to study a beam with n intermediate spring/mass connections, only 2 n admissible functions are required. These functions are used in a Rayleigh–Ritz-based energy formulation. The small number of functions used in the formulation leads to an efficient computational procedure. The results from the proposed formulation are compared with those from a finite element simulation, for different boundary conditions. The results obtained by the two methods are in excellent agreement for all boundary conditions as well as for different parameter ranges. Detailed design studies, on the effect of spring stiffness and lumped mass values, as well as their locations, on the natural frequencies and mode shapes, have been carried out. Design charts have also been generated to aid the designer of such structures.
Possibilities for Co-Creation in Adolescents’ Alcohol Prevention
Authors: Parder Mari-Liisa
Published: July 2020

The aim of the current study is to pilot methods for the involvement and empowerment of adolescents in regard to alcohol consumption and situational abstinence and the possibilities of adolescent-created narratives in alcohol abuse prevention. Alcohol consumption is analysed from the practice theory perspective, where alcohol consumption is an independent practice shared through various personal stories. Action research and co-creation methods were used in workshop sessions with adolescents in one school in Estonia. Adolescents aged 13–15 participated in the workshops and engaged in storytelling and the co-creation of stories. During five meetings, participants shared their views and experiences regarding alcohol party culture and situational abstinence. Short and informal participatory action research meetings made it possible for adolescents to express their thoughts regarding alcohol culture, especially norms. The participants did not consider alcohol consumption to be problematic, and they found videos showing immediate consequences to be the best way to reach adolescents. Two different types of parties were discussed, and insight was provided on how a planned alcohol-free party turned into an alcohol party. However, action research and the co-creation method presented challenges, since the highly structured school context leaves adolescents little unstructured time that can be used for this kind of research, and fitting these activities into their tight schedules was complicated.
COVID-19 Pandemic Response: Development of Outpatient Palliative Care Toolkit Based on Narrative Communication
Authors: Roberts Benjamin , Wright Scott M. , Christmas Colleen , Robertson Mariah , Wu David Shih
Published: July 2020

Context:

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic laid bare the immediate need for primary palliative care education for many clinicians. Primary care clinicians in our health system reported an urgent need for support in advance care planning and end-of-life symptom management for their vulnerable patients. This article describes the design and dissemination of palliative care education for primary care clinicians using an established curriculum development method.

Objectives:

To develop a succinct and practical palliative care toolkit for use by primary care clinicians during the COVID-19 pandemic, focused on 2 key elements: (i) advance care planning communication skills based on the narrative 3-Act Model and (ii) comfort care symptom management at the end of life.

Results:

The toolkit was finalized through an iterative process involving a team of end-users and experts in palliative care and primary care, including social work, pharmacy, nursing, and medicine. The modules were formatted into an easily navigable, smartphone-friendly document to be used at point of care. The toolkit was disseminated to our institution’s primary care network with practices spanning our state. Early feedback has been positive.

Conclusion:

While we had been focused primarily on the inpatient setting, our palliative care team at Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center pivoted existing infrastructure and curriculum development expertise to meet the expressed needs of our primary care colleagues during the COVID-19 pandemic. Through collaboration with an interprofessional team including end-users, we designed and disseminated a concise palliative care toolkit within 6 weeks.
Peanut Allergen Powder-dnfp: A Novel Oral Immunotherapy to Mitigate Peanut Allergy
Authors: Dougherty John A. , Wagner Justin D. , Stanton Megan C.
Published: July 2020

Objective

To review data on efficacy and safety of peanut allergen powder-dnfp (PAP; Palforzia), a novel oral immunotherapy for peanut allergy, a common food allergy.

Data Sources

A PubMed/CINAHL search in English was performed from inception to June 30, 2020, using the search words peanut allergy, desensitization, ARA101, and peanut oral immunotherapy.

Study Selection and Data Extraction Quantification

Published phase 2 and 3 clinical trials, documents presented to the Food and Drug Administration, and supplemental study documentation were reviewed. Articles evaluated PAP’s pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, mechanism of action, efficacy, and safety.

Data Synthesis

PAP was efficacious and safe for treatment of peanut allergy in mostly Caucasian children, 4 to 17 years old. A key phase III clinical trial showed a statistically significant difference (primary end point) between PAP 600 mg and placebo groups (67.2% vs 4%; P < 0.001). During initial dose escalation and updosing phases, gastrointestinal and respiratory tract allergic reactions (ARs) were more common in the PAP group. More epinephrine rescue was used in the PAP group.

Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice

Oral immunotherapy for desensitization of peanut allergy was shown to reduce the severity of reactions if accidental allergen exposure occurs. Risk evaluation and mitigation strategy certification is required for pharmacies, health care providers, and clinics. More data in real-world populations will enhance its effectiveness.

Conclusions

In patients 4 to 17 years old, PAP mitigated ARs, including anaphylaxis, that may occur with accidental peanut exposure. Although there are risks, it was efficacious in more than two-thirds of participants in phase 2 and phase 3 efficacy trials.
A Theoretical Lens Through Which to View the Facilitators and Disruptors of Nurse-Promoted Engagement With Families in the ICU
Authors: McAndrew Natalie S. , Schiffman Rachel , Leske Jane
Published: July 2020

The theory of nurse-promoted engagement with families in the intensive care unit (ICU) was developed to describe the dynamic and complex interplay between factors that support or impair nurses’ efforts to promote family engagement. Theory construction involved theory derivation and theory synthesis. Concepts and relationships from ecological theory, the Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment and Adaptation, moral distress theory, and the healthy work environment framework informed the initial formation of the emerging theory. The synthesis of findings from the literature further expanded the scope of the relationships and propositions proposed in the theory. This middle-range theory can set direction for theory-informed focused nursing research that can advance the science of family nursing and guide ICU clinicians in overcoming challenges in family nursing practice. Recommendations are provided for applying this new theoretical lens to guide family nursing curriculum development, practice improvements, and policy changes to support nurses in promoting family engagement.
Contribution of Training to Scientists’ Public Engagement Intentions: A Test of Indirect Relationships Using Parallel Multiple Mediation
Authors: Copple Jacob , Bennett Nichole , Dudo Anthony , Moon Won-Ki , Newman Todd P. , Besley John , Leavey Nicole , Lindenfeld Laura , Volpe Chris
Published: July 2020

This article investigates the impact science communication training has on engagement intentions through a parallel multiple mediation model. Theory of planned behavior variables for internal efficacy, response efficacy, norms, and attitudes are examined as potential mediators. Based on a survey of randomly selected scientists from universities in the Association of American Universities, results indicate indirect effects for internal efficacy and attitudes toward the audience and consistent direct effects found in earlier research. This research provides a more comprehensive examination of how communication training contributes to scientists’ public engagement activity.
Friction in vacuum and under different gaseous environment of magnetized sliding ferromagnetic contact
Authors: Amirat M , Zaïdi H , Beloufa A
Published: July 2020

The direct metal/metal sliding contact causes a severe wear with a high friction coefficient and an important wear rate. Applying magnetic field into the rotating sliding steel Fe360 B/steel Fe360 B modifies the friction and the wear behavior of the contact. The experimental tests were conducted in three different environments such as: ambient air, pure oxygen at 105 Pa and high vacuum at 5.10−5 Pa. In ambient air and without magnetic field, the metal/metal contact is ductile. When a magnetic field is applied, the formation of oxide layer evolves progressively with the number of sliding cycles. This contact has a low friction and mild wear. Under oxygen, the oxide film appears in wear track with and without applied magnetic field. The wear rate under oxygen is lower than that in ambient air with a ratio roughly equals to 10. In oxygen, the average value of friction coefficient µ decreases from µ = 0.41 to µ = 0.30. In vacuum, the increase of surface hardness causes a transfer of particles from the disc towards the pin. This transfer modifies the morphology of the wear track, increases the surfaces roughness and leads to a strong adhesive wear. The different analysis obtained with: microscopy, micro-harness, wear losses, EDX and friction evolution explains the effect of applied magnetic field on the friction behavior of Fe360 B steel.
Cross-linguistic lexical effects in different-script bilingual reading are modulated by task
Authors: Allen David , Conklin Kathy , Miwa Koji
Published: July 2020

Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions:

Bilingual lexical processing is non-selective, which allows for activation of the non-target language, even when reading in a different script. However, while the influence of cross-script L1 lexical knowledge has been demonstrated in isolated word reading, it is unknown whether it survives in more natural reading tasks. We investigated whether crosslinguistic facilitation due to phonological similarity, semantic similarity, and L1 cognate frequency, is observed when different-script bilinguals read cognate words in their L2 in sentence context and in isolation.

Design/methodology/approach:

Two tasks were conducted with the same Japanese-English bilinguals and target items: A self-paced English reading task with non-highlighted target items embedded in sentence context; and an English lexical decision task. A monolingual control group also completed both tasks.

Data and analysis:

108 cognate items were embedded in sentence context and read by 23 Japanese-English bilinguals and 23 English monolinguals for meaning comprehension. The same items were then responded to by the same participants in lexical decision. Linear mixed-effects models were used to investigate the impact of continuous measures of L1–L2 phonological and semantic similarity, L1 cognate frequency, and L2 proficiency, while controlling for L2 lexical characteristics.

Findings/conclusions:

Cross-linguistic phonological and semantic similarity, as well as cognate frequency, partially determined reading times of words in both tasks but only in bilingual, not monolingual, reading. These effects were modulated by task, revealing reduced cross-linguistic facilitation in sentence reading relative to lexical decision.

Originality:

This is the first study to investigate different-script cognate processing in sentence context and compare it with isolated word reading.

Significance/implications:

Although bilinguals do not switch off their L1 during L2 reading, the type of task partially determines how cross-linguistic effects impact reading times. The degree of overlap of Japanese-English cognates is less influential in natural reading tasks compared with isolated word reading tasks.
Vibration-based damage detection for bridges by deep convolutional denoising autoencoder
Authors: Shang Zhiqiang , Sun Limin , Xia Ye , Zhang Wei
Published: July 2020

One of the main challenges for structural damage detection using monitoring data is to acquire features that are sensitive to damages but insensitive to noise (e.g. sensor measurement noise) as well as environmental and operational effects (e.g. temperature effect). Inspired by the capabilities of deep learning methods in representation learning, various deep neural networks have been developed to obtain effective damage features from raw vibration data. However, most of the available deep neural networks are supervised, resulting in practical difficulties owing to the lack of damage labels. This article proposes a damage detection strategy based on an unsupervised deep neural network, referred to as deep convolutional denoising autoencoder, which accepts multi-dimensional cross-correlation functions as input. The strategy aims to extract damage features from field measurements of undamaged structures under the influence of noise and temperature uncertainties. In the proposed strategy, cross-correlation functions of vibration data are first calculated as basic features; then deep convolutional denoising autoencoder is developed to reconstruct cross-correlation functions from their noise-corrupted versions to extract desired features; exponentially weighted moving average control charts are finally established for these features to identify minor structural damages. The strategy is evaluated through a numerical simply supported beam model and an experimental continuous beam model. The mechanism of deep convolutional denoising autoencoder to extract damage features is interpreted by visualizing feature maps of convolutional layers in the encoder. It is found that these layers perform rough estimations of modal properties and preserve the damage information as the general trend of these properties in multiple extra frequency bands. The results show that the proposed strategy is competent for structural damage detection under the exposed environment and worth further exploring its capabilities in applications of real bridges.
The “Cinderella Effect”: The Value of Unexpected March Madness Runs as Advertising for the Schools
Authors: Collier Trevor , Haskell Nancy , Rotthoff Kurt W. , Baker Alaina
Published: July 2020

This study looks at the impact of a university making a surprise (“Cinderella”) run in the men’s NCAA basketball tournament. Our results suggest that surprise success in the tournament has little to no impact on the quantity of applications in subsequent years. However, we find that freshmen enrollments increase for private schools two academic years after a Cinderella run (with mixed results on the quality of freshmen—although not worse). Given an average private school, with 1,253 freshmen and paid tuition of $24,428 (each year) plus room and board, a Cinderella run is worth approximately $7.3 million in 2012-dollars.
Evaluation of Delta4DVH Anatomy in 3D Patient-Specific IMRT Quality Assurance
Authors: Tang Du , Yang Zhen , Dai Xunzhang , Cao Ying
Published: July 2020

Purpose:

To evaluate the performance of Delta4DVH Anatomy in patient-specific intensity-modulated radiotherapy quality assurance.

Materials and Methods:

Dose comparisons were performed between Anatomy doses calculated with treatment plan dose measured modification and pencil beam algorithms, treatment planning system doses, film doses, and ion chamber measured doses in homogeneous and inhomogeneous geometries. The sensitivity of Anatomy doses to machine errors and output calibration errors was also investigated.

Results:

For a Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) plan evaluated on the Delta4 geometry, the conventional gamma passing rate was 99.6%. For a water-equivalent slab geometry, good agreements were found between dose profiles in film, treatment planning system, and Anatomy treatment plan dose measured modification and pencil beam calculations. Gamma passing rate for Anatomy treatment plan dose measured modification and pencil beam doses versus treatment planning system doses was 100%. However, gamma passing rate dropped to 97.2% and 96% for treatment plan dose measured modification and pencil beam calculations in inhomogeneous head & neck phantom, respectively. For the 10 patients’ quality assurance plans, good agreements were found between ion chamber measured doses and the planned ones (deviation: 0.09% ± 1.17%). The averaged gamma passing rate for conventional and Anatomy treatment plan dose measured modification and pencil beam gamma analyses in Delta4 geometry was 99.6% ± 0.89%, 98.54% ± 1.60%, and 98.95% ± 1.27%, respectively, higher than averaged gamma passing rate of 97.75% ± 1.23% and 93.04% ± 2.69% for treatment plan dose measured modification and pencil beam in patients’ geometries, respectively. Anatomy treatment plan dose measured modification dose profiles agreed well with those in treatment planning system for both Delta4 and patients’ geometries, while pencil beam doses demonstrated substantial disagreement in patients’ geometries when compared to treatment planning system doses. Both treatment planning system doses are sensitive to multileaf collimator and monitor unit (MU) errors for high and medium dose metrics but not sensitive to the gantry and collimator rotation error smaller than 3°.

Conclusions:

The new Delta4DVH Anatomy with treatment plan dose measured modification algorithm is a useful tool for the anatomy-based patient-specific quality assurance. Cautions should be taken when using pencil beam algorithm due to its limitations in handling heterogeneity and in high-dose gradient regions.
Vienna’s Ringstrasse: A Spatial Manifestation of Sociopolitical Values
Authors: Winkler Tanja
Published: July 2020

If we agree with Ananya Roy’s claim that planning’s epistemic roots are grounded in liberalism—which is riddled with inherent ethicopolitical tensions—then it might be worth our while to explore some of the spatial consequences of this grounding. The implementation of Vienna’s Ringstrasse serves as an excellent case example for such an exploration. On the one hand, it consists of an array of monumental public buildings that resemble material expressions of freedom and individuality. Yet, for this development to be realized in the first place, some form of intervention was necessary despite liberalism’s subscription to noninterventionism. Lessons learned from revisiting the Ringstrasse project might then prove illuminating for our contemporary era of “hyperliberalism.”
Safety and Feasibility of Transradial Access in Patients Presenting With Traumatic Injuries: A Single Urban Center Experience
Authors: Patel Aesha , Sare Antony , Shahid Muhammad U. , Kumar Abhishek , Shukla Pratik A.
Published: July 2020

Purpose:

To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and feasibility of transradial approach (TRA) for endovascular management of traumatic bleeding.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective review was performed at a single level 1 trauma institution from August 2018 to July 2019. Patients presented to the interventional radiology department who were intended to be treating using TRA for the management of trauma-induced bleeding were selected. Demographics, indication for embolization, embolization site, preprocedural labs, hemodynamic stability, technical success, and complications were recorded.

Results:

Transradial approach was attempted in 29 (74.4%) of the 39 patients identified by operators who prefer TRA. Four patients received treatment using TRA on 2 separate occasions, for a total of 33 procedures completed with a technical success of 97% (32/33). Transradial approach was safely completed in 9 patients (27.3%) with preprocedural hemodynamically unstable status. For the 10 patients who received treatment via a transfemoral approach (TFA), traumatic disfiguration of the left upper extremity, preexisting arterial lines placed by the trauma team, and external iliac artery injuries requiring covered stent placement were the most common indications for TFA over TRA. There were no procedural or access site–related complications.

Conclusion:

Transradial approach for the endovascular management of bleeding in a trauma setting is safe and effective with a high technical success rate and no complications.
Safety and Efficacy of Arterial Closure Devices Following Antegrade Femoral Access: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Barrette Louis-Xavier , Vance Ansar Z. , Mantell Mark P. , Kratz Kathleen M. , Redmond Jonas W. , Clark Timothy W. I.
Published: July 2020

Purpose:

Vascular closure device (VCD) use following antegrade femoral access may present unique challenges relative to retrograde access. We retrospectively compared safety and efficacy of these devices between antegrade and retrograde patient cohorts undergoing percutaneous intervention.

Materials and Methods:

Over a 5-year period, a consecutive series of 107 limbs in 84 patients underwent VCD arteriotomy closure following percutaneous revascularization using an antegrade approach (VCD-A). Device deployment success rates, time to ambulation, and complication rates were compared to a contemporaneous control group of 401 limbs in 305 patients who underwent closure following retrograde access (VCD-R) during revascularization or embolization procedures.

Results:

Closure was attempted in VCD-A using 53 StarClose, 35 Perclose, and 19 Angio-Seal devices. Hemostasis (without supplemental manual compression) was achieved in 86/107 (80.4%) limbs. Closure was attempted in VCD-R using 215 StarClose, 119 Perclose, and 67 Angio-Seal devices with hemostasis in 357/401 (89.0%) limbs. Device deployment failure occurred in 7/107 (6.5%) of VCD-A and 20/401 (5.0%) of VCD-R ( P = .52), independent of specific device type. Femoral pseudoaneurysm developed in 1/107 and 1/401 of VCD-A and VCD-R ( P = .31), and minor hematoma developed in 3/107 and 8/401 of the VCD-A and VCD-R ( P = .61). Mean time to ambulation was 204.1 minutes in VCD-A and 204.8 minutes in VCD-R ( P = .97).

Conclusion:

Antegrade femoral closure was associated with high rates of technical success and low complications, similar to retrograde closure. Time to ambulation was the same in both groups despite higher heparin doses in the antegrade patients.
A Local Researcher’s Experiences of the Insider–Outsider Position: An Exercise of Self-Reflexivity During Ethnographic GBV and HIV Prevention Research in South Africa
Authors: Shai P. Nwabisa
Published: July 2020

Examining the researcher’s position during the research process is important to enhance the representation of research participants and the local context where knowledge is produced. This article aims to reflect the experiences of a local researchers’ insider–outsider position during a qualitative study drawing on ethnographic methods. Familiarity with the research community can be advantageous for an insider researcher position while an outsider researcher position may be enable more observance of aspects of daily life to which insiders may be blinded during the inquiry, interpretation, and data analysis. Researchers who often strive for a balance between the two positions can find it challenging yet rewarding. In this study, research participants played a critical role in shaping the local researcher’s dual identity as the outsider position remained at the forefront of interactions with the research process despite familiarity with the local language, culture, and research setting. This view, however, shifted after the local researcher seemed to have “earned” the insider position. Local researchers need to invest in extensive self-reflexivity, acknowledge the vulnerabilities of dual positionality, and capitalize on the shared qualities and differences with research participants to enhance the representation of research participants in the process of knowledge production.
A rare atypical chronic myeloid leukemia BCR-ABL1 negative with concomitant JAK2 V617F and SETBP1 mutations: a case report and literature review
Authors: Gao Tianqi , Yu Changhui , Xia Si , Liang Ting , Gu Xuekui , Liu Zenghui
Published: July 2020

Atypical chronic myeloid leukemia (aCML) BCR-ABL1 negative is a rare myelodysplastic syndromes/myeloproliferative neoplasm (MDS/MPN) for which no standard treatment currently exists. The advent of next-generation sequencing has allowed our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of aCML to be expanded and has made it possible for clinicians to more accurately differentiate aCML from similar MDS/MPN overlap syndrome and MPN counterparts, as MPN-associated driver mutations in JAK2, CALR, or MPL are typically absent in aCML. A 55-year old male with main complaints of weight loss and fatigue for more than half a year and night sweats for more than 2 months was admitted to our hospital. Further examination revealed increased white blood cells, splenomegaly, and grade 1 bone marrow fibrosis with JAK2 V617F, which supported a preliminary diagnosis of pre-primary marrow fibrosis. However, in addition to JAK2 V617F (51.00%), next-generation sequencing also detected SETBP1 D868N (46.00%), ASXL1 G645fs (36.09%), and SRSF2 P95_R102del (33.56%) mutations. According to the 2016 World Health Organization diagnostic criteria, the patient was ultimately diagnosed with rare aCML with concomitant JAK2 V617F and SETBP1 mutations. The patient received targeted therapy of ruxolitinib for 5 months and subsequently an additional four courses of combined hypomethylating therapy. The patient exhibited an optimal response, with decreased spleen volume by approximately 35% after therapy and improved symptom scores after therapy. In diagnosing primary bone marrow fibrosis, attention should be paid to the identification of MDS/MPN. In addition to basic cell morphology, mutational analysis using next-generation sequencing plays an increasingly important role in the differential diagnosis. aCML with concomitant JAK2 V617F and SETBP1 mutations has been rarely reported, and targeted therapy for mutated JAK2 may benefit patients, especially those not suitable recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplants.
Life-threatening and major cardiac events during long-distance races: updates from the prospective RACE PARIS registry with a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gerardin Benoît , Guedeney Paul , Bellemain-Appaix Anne , Levasseur Thomas , Mustafic Hazrije , Benamer Hakim , Monsegu Jacques , Lamhaut Lionel , Montalescot Gilles , Aubry Pierre , Collet Jean-Philippe ,   for the Groupe de Réflexions sur la Cardiologie Interventionnelle
Published: July 2020

Aims

Limited data exist regarding the incidence and aetiology of life-threatening events such as major cardiac events or exertional heat stroke during long-distance races. We aimed to provide an updated incidence, etiology and prognosis of life-threatening events during long-distance races.

Methods

The prospective RACE PARIS registry recorded all life-threatening events/fatal events occurring during 46 marathons, half-marathons and other long-distance races in the Paris area between 2006 and 2016, comprising 1,073,722 runners. Event characteristics were determined by review of medical records and interviews with survivors.

Results

The incidence of life-threatening events, exertional heat stroke and major cardiac events was 3.35 per 100,000, 1.02 per 100,000 and 2.33 per 100,000, respectively, including 18 sudden cardiac arrests (1.67 per 100,000). The main aetiology of sudden cardiac arrest was myocardial ischaemia (11/18), due to acute coronary thrombosis (6/11), stable atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (2/11), coronary dissection (1/11), anomalous connection (1/11) or myocardial bridging (1/11). A third of participants with ischaemia-related major cardiac events presented with pre-race clinical symptoms. Major cardiac events were more frequent in the case of a high pollution index (6.78 per 100,000 vs. 2.07 per 100,000, odds ratio 3.27, 95% confidence interval 1.12–9.54). Case fatality was low (0.19 per 100,000). Similarly, we report in a meta-analysis of eight long-distance race registries comprising 16,223,866 runners a low incidence of long-distance race-related sudden cardiac arrest (0.82 per 100,000) and fatality (0.39 per 100,000). Death following sudden cardiac arrest was strongly associated with initial asystole or pulseless rhythm.

Conclusion

Long-distance race-related life-threatening events remain rare although serious events. Better information for runners on the risk of pre-race clinical symptoms, outside air pollution and temperature may reduce their incidence.
The first study in pediatric: Population pharmacokinetics of sirolimus and its application in Chinese children with immune cytopenia
Authors: Cheng Xiaoling , Zhao Yiming , Gu Hao , Zhao Libo , Zang Yannan , Wang Xiaoling , Wu Runhui
Published: July 2020

The narrow therapeutic index and large inter-individual variability in sirolimus pharmacokinetics (PK) make therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) necessary. Factors responsible for PK variability are not well understood, and published PK studies do not include pediatric patients with immune cytopenia. The objective of this study was to characterize the PK of sirolimus in pediatric patients with immune cytopenia and to develop a population PK model in Chinese children and evaluate its utility for dose individualization. A total of 27 children with either acquired or congenital immune cytopenia aged 8.16 ± 3.60 years (range: 1–15 years) were included. TDM data for sirolimus were collected. The population PK model of sirolimus was described using the nonlinear mixed-effects modeling (Phoenix NLME 1.3 software) approach. Covariate analysis was applied to select candidate factors associated with PK parameters. The final model was validated using bootstrap (1000 runs) and visual predictive check (VPC) method. A one-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination was developed. The outcome parameters were as follows: apparent clearance (CL/F) 5.63 L/h, apparent distribution volume (V/F) 144.16 L. Inter-individual variabilities for CL/F and V/F were 3.53% and 7.27%, respectively. The intra-individual variability of proportional error model was 22.45%. The covariate test found that body weight and total bilirubin were strongly associated with clearance; however, we did not find the relevance between the covariate and volume of distribution of sirolimus. Personalized dosage regimens were provided based on Bayesian method. The oral dose should be adjusted according to weight and total bilirubin. This is the first study to describe a population PK model of sirolimusin pediatric patients with immune cytopenia. Population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model–based dose individualization of sirolimus and the design of future clinical studies in children will be facilitated by the developed model in this study.