bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cheese Consumption and Risk of All-Cause Mortality: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies
Authors: Tong Xing , Chen Guo-Chong , Zhang Zheng , Wei Yu-Lu , Xu Jia-Ying , Qin Li-Qiang
Published: January 2017

The association between cheese consumption and risk for major health endpoints has been investigated in many epidemiologic studies, but findings are inconsistent. As all-cause mortality can be viewed as the final net health effect of dietary intakes, we conducted a meta-analysis to examine the long-term association of cheese consumption with all-cause mortality. Relevant studies were identified by a search of the PubMed database through May 2016. Reference lists from retrieved articles were also reviewed. Summary relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model. Pre-specified stratified and dose-response analyses were also performed. The final analysis included nine prospective cohort studies involving 21,365 deaths. The summary RR of all-cause mortality for the highest compared with the lowest cheese consumption was 1.02 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.06), and little evidence of heterogeneity was observed. The association between cheese consumption and risk of all-cause mortality did not significantly differ by study location, sex, age, number of events, study quality score or baseline diseases excluded. There was no dose-response relationship between cheese consumption and risk of all-cause mortality (RR per 43 g/day = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.99–1.07). No significant publication bias was observed. Our findings suggest that long-term cheese consumption was not associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality.
Sensory Acceptability of Infant Cereals with Whole Grain in Infants and Young Children
Authors: Haro-Vicente Juan , Bernal-Cava Maria , Lopez-Fernandez Amparo , Ros-Berruezo Gaspar , Bodenstab Stefan , Sanchez-Siles Luis
Published: January 2017

In many countries, infant cereals are one of the first foods introduced during the complementary feeding stage. These cereals are usually made with refined cereal flours, even though several health benefits have been linked to the intake of whole grain cereals. Prior evidence suggests that food preferences are developed at early stages of life, and may persist in later childhood and adulthood. Our aim was to test whether an infant cereal with 30% of whole grain was similarly accepted both by parents and infants in comparison to a similar cereal made from refined flour. A total of 81 infants between 4 and 24 months old were included in the study. Parent-infant pairs participated in an 8-day experimental study. Acceptance was rated on hedonic scales (4-points for infants and 7-points for parents). Other attributes like color, smell, and taste were evaluated by the parents. Acceptability for infant cereals with whole grain and refined cereals was very similar both for infants (2.30 ± 0.12 and 2.32 ± 0.11, p = 0.606) and parents (6.1 ± 0.8 and 6.0 ± 0.9, p = 0.494). Therefore, our findings show that there is an opportunity to introduce whole grain cereals to infants, including those who are already used to consuming refined infant cereals, thereby accelerating the exposure of whole grain in early life.
Assessment of Mono- and Split-Window Approaches for Time Series Processing of LST from AVHRR—A TIMELINE Round Robin
Authors: Frey Corinne , Kuenzer Claudia , Dech Stefan
Published: January 2017

Processing of land surface temperature from long time series of AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) requires stable algorithms, which are well characterized in terms of accuracy, precision and sensitivity. This assessment presents a comparison of four mono-window (Price 1983, Qin et al., 2001, Jiménez-Muñoz and Sobrino 2003, linear approach) and six split-window algorithms (Price 1984, Becker and Li 1990, Ulivieri et al., 1994, Wan and Dozier 1996, Yu 2008, Jiménez-Muñoz and Sobrino 2008) to estimate LST from top of atmosphere brightness temperatures, emissivity and columnar water vapour. Where possible, new coefficients were estimated matching the spectral response curves of the different AVHRR sensors of the past and present. The consideration of unique spectral response curves is necessary to avoid artificial anomalies and wrong trends when processing time series data. Using simulated data on the base of a large atmospheric profile database covering many different states of the atmosphere, biomes and geographical regions, it was assessed (a) to what accuracy and precision LST can be estimated using before mentioned algorithms and (b) how sensitive the algorithms are to errors in their input variables. It was found, that the split-window algorithms performed almost equally well, differences were found mainly in their sensitivity to input bands, resulting in the Becker and Li 1990 and Price 1984 split-window algorithm to perform best. Amongst the mono-window algorithms, larger deviations occurred in terms of accuracy, precision and sensitivity. The Qin et al., 2001 algorithm was found to be the best performing mono-window algorithm. A short comparison of the application of the Becker and Li 1990 coefficients to AVHRR with the MODIS LST product confirmed the approach to be physically sound.
Cluster-Based Maximum Consensus Time Synchronization for Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Wang Zhaowei , Zeng Peng , Zhou Mingtuo , Li Dong , Wang Jintao
Published: January 2017

Time synchronization is one of the key technologies in Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks (IWSNs), and clustering is widely used in WSNs for data fusion and information collection to reduce redundant data and communication overhead. Considering IWSNs’ demand for low energy consumption, fast convergence, and robustness, this paper presents a novel Cluster-based Maximum consensus Time Synchronization (CMTS) method. It consists of two parts: intra-cluster time synchronization and inter-cluster time synchronization. Based on the theory of distributed consensus, the proposed method utilizes the maximum consensus approach to realize the intra-cluster time synchronization, and adjacent clusters exchange the time messages via overlapping nodes to synchronize with each other. A Revised-CMTS is further proposed to counteract the impact of bounded communication delays between two connected nodes, because the traditional stochastic models of the communication delays would distort in a dynamic environment. The simulation results show that our method reduces the communication overhead and improves the convergence rate in comparison to existing works, as well as adapting to the uncertain bounded communication delays.
Energy Saving in Public Transport Using Renewable Energy
Authors: Franzitta Vincenzo , Curto Domenico , Milone Daniele , Trapanese Marco
Published: January 2017

Hydrogen produced by renewable sources represents an interesting way to reduce the energetic dependence on fossil fuels in the transportation sector. This paper shows a feasibility study for the production, storage and distribution of hydrogen in the western Sicilian context, using three different renewable sources: wind, biomass and sea wave. The objective of this study is the evaluation of the hydrogen demand, needed to replace all diesel supplied buses with electrical buses equipped with fuel cells. An economic analysis is presented with the evaluation of the avoidable greenhouse gas emissions. Four different scenarios correlate the hydrogen demand for urban transport to the renewable energy resources present in the territories and to the modern technologies available for the production of hydrogen. The study focuses on the possibility of tapping into the potential of renewable energies (wind, biomass and sea wave) for the production of hydrogen by electrolysis. The use of hydrogen would reduce significantly the emissions of particulate and greenhouse gases in the urban districts under analysis.
Mapping Social Vulnerability to Air Pollution: A Case Study of the Yangtze River Delta Region, China
Authors: Ge Yi , Zhang Haibo , Dou Wen , Chen Wenfang , Liu Ning , Wang Yuan , Shi Yulin , Rao Wenxin
Published: January 2017

Many frequent and severe air pollution incidents have emerged across the vast parts of China recently. The identification of factors and mapping social vulnerability has become extremely necessary for environmental management and sustainable development. However, studies associating social vulnerability with air pollution remain sparse. With reference to research achievements of social vulnerability, this study made a new trial regarding social vulnerability assessment to air pollution. With the projection pursuit cluster (PPC) model, the top three factors contributing to social vulnerability index (SVI) were discovered and SVI and SVI dimensions (susceptibility, exposure, and adaptability) were evaluated. Results revealed that adaptability values are higher than susceptibility and exposure values. SVI is in a poor condition as, for the whole region, most values belong to the high-medium level. High SVI values mainly appear in the northern and the southern ends of study area. SVI in Shanghai is lower than in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. On the scale of prefecture-level city, it can be found that the low-value centers of SVI always occurred in urban core areas. The spatial variation and inequality in social vulnerability provide policy-makers a scientific basis for air pollution prevention and sustainable management.
System-of-Systems Design Thinking on Behavior
Authors: Stary Christian
Published: January 2017

Due to the increasing digitalization of all societal systems, informed design of services and systems becomes pertinent for various stakeholders. This paper discusses the design of digital systems in a user-centered way with the help of subject-oriented design. The approach follows a communication-driven and network-centric perspective on a System-of-Systems, whereby system specifications encapsulate behavior and exchange messages, including relevant data, such as business objects. Systems can represent activities of human actors, as well as artefacts. Stakeholders can be actively involved in their roles in the design of a System-of-Systems. In the course of design, they identify and refine role-specific behavior, based on communication to other actors or systems. A System-of-Systems specification evolves as a network of cooperating behavior entities. It develops according to communication needs and system-specific capabilities, on the level of synchronized execution agents, or as an overlay mechanism on existing applications or sub networks. Since certain behavior sequences, such as decision-making procedures, are re-occurring in organizations or eco-systems, the design of complex systems can be facilitated by behavior patterns stemming from existing modeling experiences.
Auranofin Inhibits the Enzyme Activity of Pasteurella multocida Toxin PMT in Human Cells and Protects Cells from Intoxication
Authors: Carle Stefan , Brink Thorsten , Orth Joachim , Aktories Klaus , Barth Holger
Published: January 2017

The AB-type protein toxin from Pasteurella multocida (PMT) contains a functionally important disulfide bond within its catalytic domain, which must be cleaved in the host cell cytosol to render the catalytic domain of PMT into its active conformation. Here, we found that the reductive potential of the cytosol of target cells, and more specifically, the activity of the thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is crucial for this process. This was demonstrated by the strong inhibitory effect of the pharmacological TrxR inhibitor auranofin, which inhibited the intoxication of target cells with PMT, as determined by analyzing the PMT-catalyzed deamidation of GTP-binding proteins (G-proteins) in the cytosol of cells. The amount of endogenous substrate levels modified by PMT in cells pretreated with auranofin was reduced compared to cells treated with PMT alone. Auranofin had no inhibitory effect on the activity of the catalytic domain of constitutively active PMT in vitro, demonstrating that auranofin did not directly inhibit PMT activity, but interferes with the mode of action of PMT in cells. In conclusion, the results show that TrxR is crucial for the mode of action of PMT in mammalian cells, and that the drug auranofin can serve as an efficient inhibitor, which might be a starting point for novel therapeutic options against toxin-associated diseases.
Comparing Sprinkler and Surface Irrigation for Wheat Using Multi-Criteria Analysis: Water Saving vs. Economic Returns
Authors: Darouich Hanaa , Cameira Maria , Gonçalves José , Paredes Paula , Pereira Luis
Published: January 2017

Coping with water scarcity using supplemental irrigation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the semi-arid northeast Syria is a great challenge for sustainable water use in agriculture. Graded borders and set sprinkler systems were compared using multi-criteria analysis. Alternative solutions for surface irrigation and for sprinkler systems were developed with the SADREG and the PROASPER design models, respectively. For each alternative, two deficit irrigation strategies were considered, which were characterized using indicators relative to irrigation water use, yields and water productivity, including farm economic returns. Alternatives were ranked considering two contrasting priorities: economic returns and water saving. A first step in ranking led to a selection of graded borders with and without precise land levelling and of solid set and semi-permanent sprinkler systems. Precise-levelled borders were better for water saving, while non-precise ones ranked higher for economic returns. Semi-permanent set systems have been shown to be better in economic terms and similar to solid set systems when water saving is prioritized. Semi-permanent sprinkler systems rank first when comparing all type of systems together regardless of the considered deficit irrigation strategy. Likely, border irrigation is appropriate when wheat is in rotation with cotton if the latter is surface irrigated. When peace becomes effective, appropriate economic incentives and training for farmers are required to implement innovative approaches.
Farm Typology in the Berambadi Watershed (India): Farming Systems Are Determined by Farm Size and Access to Groundwater
Authors: Robert Marion , Thomas Alban , Sekhar Muddu , Badiger Shrinivas , Ruiz Laurent , Willaume Magali , Leenhardt Delphine , Bergez Jacques-Eric
Published: January 2017

Farmers’ production decisions and agricultural practices directly and indirectly influence the quantity and quality of natural resources, some being depleted common resources such as groundwater. Representing farming systems while accounting for their flexibility is needed to evaluate targeted, regional water management policies. Farmers’ decisions regarding investing in irrigation and adopting cropping systems are inherently dynamic and must adapt to changes in climate and agronomic, economic and social, and institutional, conditions. To represent this diversity, we developed a typology of Indian farmers from a survey of 684 farms in Berambadi, an agricultural watershed in southern India (state of Karnataka). The survey provided information on farm structure, the cropping system and farm practices, water management for irrigation, and economic performances of the farm. Descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis (Multiple Correspondence Analysis and Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering) were used to analyze relationships between observed factors and establish the farm typology. We identified three main types of farms: (1) large diversified and productivist farms; (2) small and marginal rainfed farms, and (3) small irrigated marketing farms. This typology represents the heterogeneity of farms in the Berambadi watershed.
Laser acupuncture improves skin color deformation by cupping: A pilot study
Authors: Kim Soo-Byeong
Published: January 2017

Negative pressure of cupping induces skin deformation such as ecchymosis and purpura in a circular shape. Thus, there is a desire to treat skin before depigmentation and scarring occurs. Therefore, we introduce laser therapy, a widely used technique treat pigmentation in dermatology.
Various parameters of laser therapy can be applied, so to determine the optimal exposure parameters that do not damage the surrounding tissues, the subjects were divided into four groups: a non-stimulation group and three laser groups (4 J/cm2 group, 6 J/cm2 group, and
8 J/cm2 group). We selected the wavelength and output of laser as follows: 660nm and 50mW. The 40 were divided into four groups of 10. In the first experiment, we measured skin temperature using Digital infrared thermography in order to observe whether the laser could cause heat
damage. In the second experiment, each group received the assigned laser therapy protocol every 24 hours for 72 hours. We obtained a skin image using a cross polarization technique. Previous studies have shown that a* and E.I (erythema index) represent the degree of skin erythema
(hemoglobin content). M.I (melanin index) indicates the degree of skin pigmentation (melanin content). Hence, skin color information was analyzed with the a*, erythema index (E.I), and melanin index (M.I) for 72 hours. None of the laser exposure parameters led to skin damage by
heating or energy dissipation. The results of a*, E.I, and M.I of all groups showed the different recovery rates towards the normal skin color information before cupping. As energy density increases, the result of a* and E.I showed the fast recovery rate. There was no
significant different between M.I at non-stimulation group and M.I at 4 J/cm2. Therefore, the least energy density as 6 J/cm2 is need for the recovery of melanin content. The a*, E.I, and M.I at 8 J/cm2 group rather than other groups were significantly
recovered to normal skin color. In conclusion, the laser therapy (energy density: 8 J/cm2) has a significant recovery of the skin erythema and skin pigmentation except to skin damage.
Five species, many genotypes, broad phenotypic diversity: When agronomy meets functional ecology
Authors: Prieto Ivan , Litrico Isabelle , Violle Cyrille , Barre Philippe
Published: January 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Current ecological theory can provide insight into the causes and impacts of plant domestication. However, just how domestication has impacted intraspecific genetic variability (ITV) is unknown. We used 50 ecotypes and 35 cultivars from five grassland species to explore how selection drives functional trait coordination and genetic differentiation.

METHODS:

We quantified the extent of genetic diversity among different sets of functional traits and determined how much genetic diversity has been generated within populations of natural ecotypes and selected cultivars.

KEY RESULTS:

In general, the cultivars were larger (e.g., greater height, faster growth rates) and had larger and thinner leaves (greater SLA). We found large (average 63%) and trait‐dependent (ranging from 14% for LNC to 95.8% for growth rate) genetic variability. The relative extent of genetic variability was greater for whole‐plant than for organ‐level traits. This pattern was consistent within ecotypes and within cultivars. However, ecotypes presented greater ITV variability.

CONCLUSIONS:

The results indicated that genetic diversity is large in domesticated species with contrasting levels of heritability among functional traits and that selection for high yield has led to indirect selection of some associated leaf traits. These findings open the way to define which target traits should be the focus in selection programs, especially in the context of community‐level selection.
An endangered West African rattan palm: Eremospatha dransfieldii
Authors: Cosiaux Ariane , Gardiner Lauren , Ouattara Doudjo , Stauffer Fred , Sonké Bonaventure , Couvreur Thomas
Published: January 2017

Eremospatha dransfieldii is a robust rattan palm, climbing up to 40 m in length. It is only known to occur in the south-western region of Ghana, south-eastern part of Côte d'Ivoire and in Sierra Leone. The species' Area of Occupancy (AOO) is restricted to just 40 km². This species is confined to moist-evergreen forests with high rainfall. It is known to be facing habitat loss and over-harvesting of its stems. We assess Eremospatha dransfieldii as Endangered based on criteron B2ab(iii), according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (ver 3.1).
Madrid Km 0. La intervención franquista en la construcción de algunos paisajes simbólicos de la capital
Authors: Canosa Zamora Elia , García Carballo Ángela
Published: January 2017

Durante la década de 1950 finalizan en Madrid algunos de los proyectos más significativos del Régimen franquista destinados a crear una nueva imagen de la capital. Su ejecución se lleva a cabo en un periodo de transición, cuando irrumpen junto a ideólogos y profesionales falangistas, figuras representativas del capital inmobiliario y especulativo que triunfarán en los años del desarrollismo posterior. En este contexto, la investigación se centra en la intervención realizada entonces en algunos espacios públicos especialmente emblemáticos de la ciudad. Se trata de desvelar la carga simbólica todavía presente en ellos y contribuir a la lectura coherente de sus paisajes. Después de un planteamiento inicial, en la primera parte se presenta el marco teórico utilizado. La segunda parte se destina a revisar la aportación franquista a la construcción de seis paisajes emblemáticos de la capital. Por último, se destacan unas valoraciones finales.
Claves paisajísticas de la conformación de algunos parques nacionales muy significativos en Estados Unidos y México, y su relación con la política española de parques nacionales
Authors: Ruiz-Gómez Manuel Mollá
Published: January 2017

Estados Unidos fue la nación pionera en la creación de parques nacionales e influyó, con sus decisiones y leyes, en un proceso que, en pocos años, se extendería por el resto del mundo. Unas décadas después, en los años diez del siglo XX , México y España seguirían el ejemplo, influidos de diferentes maneras por la política conservacionista norteamericana. Este artículo pretende ofrecer la historia de los orígenes de los parques nacionales en los tres países, su vinculación con las ideas de paisaje que en aquellos momentos se imponían en Occidente, y las diversas vicisitudes que se dieron hasta que la figura del parque nacional se impuso como elemento fundamental para la conservación de la naturaleza, amenazada por distintas circunstancias en los tres países mencionados y en la mayor parte del planeta.
Los paisajes patrimoniales de la Sierra de Huelva. Ensayo metodológico
Authors: Silva Pérez Rocío , Jover Báez Jaime
Published: January 2017

A partir del debate sobre la complejidad conceptual del paisaje y los paisajes patrimoniales este artículo propone algunas claves metodológicas para la aprehensión de los paisajes (centrada en el «carácter») y de los paisajes patrimoniales (apoyada en los procesos y vectores de patrimonialización). Como ámbito de ensayo y ejemplificación se ha elegido la Sierra de Huelva, una comarca muy variada en términos paisajísticos y con múltiples valores que han merecido diversos y complejos reconocimientos institucionales y sociales. Se concluye en que la patrimonialización es territorialmente selectiva, pudiéndose identificar distintas áreas en lo que a densidad de vectores e intensidad de reconocimientos patrimoniales se refiere.
Transformación de usos agrícolas tradicionales en superficies construidas. Cambios en los usos y coberturas del suelo en el municipio de Valencia (1956-2012)
Authors: Valera Lozano Antonio , Añó Vidal Carlos , Sánchez Díaz Juan
Published: January 2017

El objetivo principal de este artículo es analizar la dinámica espacial y temporal de los usos y coberturas del suelo entre 1956 y 2012 en Valencia. El área de estudio es un ejemplo paradigmático de las intensas transformaciones experimentadas en los llanos aluviales mediterráneos. Mediante la fotointerpretación de fotografías aéreas de distintas fechas (1956, 1984, 2006 y 2012) y análisis cartográfico con SIG, se han establecido los cambios a escala detallada (1:10.000). Los resultados muestran el crecimiento de las superficies construidas sobre el resto de usos. En 1956 las superficies agrícolas y naturales ocupaban un total de 11.112 hectáreas. A lo largo de cincuenta y cinco años, se han sellado 2.396 hectáreas. En 2012 la superficie construida suponía el 33% del área de estudio. Hay que destacar que en el municipio de Valencia la mayor parte de los suelos urbanizados han sustituido a tierras agrícolas de alta capacidad productiva.
Study on Tensile Mechanical Behavior of Composite T-Joints
Authors: Liu Zhi Lin , Jia Pu Rong , Peng Tao , Yao Zheng Lan
Published: January 2017

Based on three kinds of composite T-joints with different connection way for tension test outside the plane, it was obtained contrastively that how the ordinary adhesive, Z-pin reinforcement and stitching reinforcement three different fitting influence tensile strength, damage failure process and failure mode of composite T-joints. The test results showed that compared with ordinary adhesive connection mode, tensile strength of the Z-pin reinforcement and stitching reinforcement T-joints increased by 13.6% and 11.4%, respectively; and the largest deformation increased by 19.2% and 15.1%, respectively. After reaching maximum load condition, the ordinary adhesive T-joints had brittle failures, but Z-pin reinforcement and stitching reinforcement T-joints all showed that the ductile damage behavior, corresponding to the load-displacement curve appeared saw-tooth wave platform. Obviously, the Z-pin reinforcement T-joints had the most significant reinforcement effect on tensile properties of composite laminates T-joints.
Effects of Meso-Structure in Grinding of 2.5D Woven Fiber-Reinforced Ceramic Composites
Authors: Wang Y.G. , Ding Chao , Lin Bin
Published: January 2017

Fiber-reinforced ceramic composites are relatively promising materials in aerospace and other high-tech area. In this work, the grinding mechanism of 2.5-dimensional woven quartz fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites was researched by experimental analysis. The acoustic emission (AE) combined with wavelet analysis was adopted to evaluate the grinding process. The ratio of energy which may indicate the mode of fracture of the composites was used for analyzing each of the AE signals levels. The effects of meso-structure on AE frequency distribution have been discussed. It was found that that specific frequency band is corresponding to the specific fracture mode, such as fiber fracture, interface debonding and matrix fracture. It indicates that grinding mechanism is highly dependent on the meso-structure of the composites.
The Study of Preparation Technology of the Material Saving Plastic Building Moulding Board
Authors: Qu Jian , Zhang Wei Dong , Jia Ru Feng , Zhang Qi Rong , Qin Jie , Li Yan Wen
Published: January 2017

The effects of glass fiber content and the molding parameters on the mechanical properties of the material saving plastic building molding board were studied in this paper. The flexural strength and flexural modulus increase with the increment of glass fiber content; but as the molding temperature, molding pressure, molding time, or cooling pressing time increases, the flexural strength and flexural modulus initially increase and subsequently decrease or remain constant. The optimum content of glass fiber is 40%, and the production process is as follows: the hot pressing temperature is 200 oC, the hot pressing pressure is 4 MPa, the hot pressing time is 5 min and the cooling pressing time is 5 min.
An Experimental Research on Basic Properties of Ceramsite Cellular Concrete
Authors: Zhang Yan Gang , Shi Yun Xing , Shi Jing Bin , Wang Qing Xuan , Ni Kun , Zhang Fa Sheng
Published: January 2017

Ceramsite cellular concrete (CCC for short) is a kind of lightweight aggregate concrete. In this paper, the selection of materials and design of mix proportion have been discussed, and basic property tests has been done. The compressive strength was proved up to the National Standards of P. R. GB50003-2001(code for design of masonry structures), furthermore, elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio were also introduced. Questions remain regarding the quality control of the product, and further work is needed to resolve this contradiction.
Numerical Simulation of Gun Bore Damage during Engraving Process of Driving Band
Authors: Sun He Yang , Jia Chang Zhi , He Yao Xin , Cui Tian Xiao
Published: January 2017

A Damage mechanics finite element numerical computation method was established based on HLC microscopic damage model to solve the problem of damage, crack initialization and growth inside bore during the firing process. The damage and failure process of the bore surface was simulated numerically during multiple rounds of firing. The law of the barrel material performance changing with the number of firing rounds was analyzed during the engraving process of the driving band and compared with the experimental results. It is proved that HLC microscopic damage model can show the complicate damage behavior and predict the cracking defect, which provides a reference for safety design of the gun barrel.
Thermodynamic Calculation of the Heavy Rare Earth Permanent Magnets: Fe-RE (RE=Gd, Tb, Dy, Lu) Binary Systems
Authors: Chen Xiao Long , Wang Jiang , Chen Tai Li , Rong Mao Hua , Rao Guang Hui , Zhou Huai Ying
Published: January 2017

The Fe-RE (RE=Gd, Tb, Dy, Lu) binary systems with the experimental data of phase equilibria and thermodynamic properties in the published literature were reviewed firstly. Based on available phase equilibria data and thermodynamic data, the Fe-RE (RE=Gd, Tb, Dy, Lu) binary systems were assessed thermodynamically using the CALPHAD method. As a result, further experimental investigations and thermodynamic calculations would be both required in order to develop thermodynamic database of the RE-Fe-B ternary systems, which is very useful to study the relations between alloy compositions, microstructure and magnetic properties of novel Nd-Fe-B-based permanent magnets.
One-Pot Synthesis of Carbon Dots-Based Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Material and its Application in Fe3+ Detection
Authors: Dang Yong Qiang , Zhou Yu Jing , Cai Jiang Tao , Liu Guo Yang , Zhang Ya Ting , Qiu Jie Shan
Published: January 2017

In this work, an efficient Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) system has been prepared using carbon dots (CDs). A one-step method has been developed using β-cyclodextrin and tryptophan to synthesize the novel CT-CDs with FRET properties. The FRET was found to occur within the CT-CDs from the tryptophan moiety to the CDs. The FRET efficiency of the system increased with excitation time, reaching a maximum efficiency after 120 min. The CT-CDs were then evaluated in Fe3+ detection application, and showed selective and sensitive detection of Fe3+ over 14 other metal ions.
A Comparative Numerical Study of Junctionless and p-i-n Tunneling Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor
Authors: Molaei Imen Abadi Rouzbeh , Sedigh Ziabari Seyed Ali
Published: January 2017

In this paper, a gate-all-around junctionless tunnel field effect transistor (JL-TFET) based on carbon nanotube (CNT) material is introduced and simulated. The JL-TFET is a CNT-channel heavily n-type-doped junctionless field effect transistor (JLFET) which utilizes two insulated gates (Control-Gate, P-Gate) with two different metal workfunctions in order to treat like tunnel field effect transistor (TFET). In this design, the privileges of JLTFET and TFET are mixed together. The numerical comparative study on the performance characteristics of JL-TFET and conventional p-i-n TFET demonstrated that the proposed JL-TFET has a higher ON-state current driveability (ION), a larger ON/OFF-current ratio (ION/IOFF), a lower drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL), a shorter delay time (τ), and also a superior cut-off frequency (ƒT). Moreover, in order to further performance improvement of proposed JLTFET, three novel device structures namely as junctionless linear descending gate workfunction TFET (JL-LDWTFET), junctionless linear ascending gate workfunction TFET (JL-LAWTFET) and junctionless triple metal gate TFET (JL-TMGTFET) are proposed by gate workfunction engineering approach. According to simulation results, the JL-TMGTFET with the gate composed of three segments of different work functions shows excellent characteristics with high ION/IOFF ratio, a superior ambipolar characteristic, a shorter delay time and a better cut-off frequency compared to conventional p-i-n TFET and other proposed junctionless-based features. All the simulations are done with the full quantum mechanical simulator for a channel length of 60-nm using nonequilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) method.
Effect of Ag, Cu, and ZnO Nanoparticle Suspensions on the Antimicrobial Activity of Tribulus Terrestris Herbal Extracts
Authors: Albalawi Marzough A. , Eldiasty Jayda , Khasim Syed , Badi Nacer
Published: January 2017

In this study, the antimicrobial growth inhibition and mechanistic activities of silver (Ag NPs), zinc oxide (ZnO NPs), and copper (Cu NPs) nanoparticles were investigated in presence of medicinal plant extracts of TribulusTerrestris. The extract in different concentrations (5, 10, 20, and 30%) along with nanoparticles suspension mixture was used for antimicrobial activity testing against some human pathogenic microorganisms. Among the bacterial strains tested, Escherichia coli and Proteus sp were most susceptibile at 30% concentration followed by moderate activity against Morganellasp, EntrococcusFaecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans.TribulusTerrestris had no effect on Acetobacterspand Streptococcus agalactia. The nanoparticles used in the present investigation have shown excellent antimicrobial activity in the presence of TribulusTerrestris, hence they can be used as potent sources for antibacterial agents.
An Introduction to Dynamic Load Test on Photovoltaic Modules
Authors: Wang Dong , Wei Chen Guang
Published: January 2017

The front cover of solar photovoltaic modules is mostly made of 3.2mm, 2mm or thinner glass. When under wind or other dynamic loading stress, the performance of the PV modules might be affected. This article analyzed data of dynamic load test on several different types of PV modules, and got the conclusion that the dynamic load stress could harm the string ribbon or interior circuits of the PV modules, and would therefore lead to capacity reduction and less insulation.
Effects of Fiber Pre-Oxidation on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of T700 Carbon Fiber Reinforced Mini C/SiC Composites
Authors: Chen Zhi Hua , Chen Si'an , Wu Jin Tai , Hu Hai Feng , Zhang Yu Di
Published: January 2017

The reainforcement of T700 carbon fiber was oxidized at 400°C, as-received and treated carbon fiber reinforced mini Cf/SiC matrix composites were fabricated by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) method. The mechanical properties of the composites were determined and compared. The results showed that with the time of oxidation increased, the flexural strength of composites decreased. The flexural modulus and tensile modulus were increased by the 87.8 GPa to 92.9 GPa and 131 GPa to 150 GPa. Without oxidation pretreatment, the composites represented maximum flexural strength of 649 MPa. For 1h oxidation, the composites reached the maximum tensile strength of 821 MPa. However, carbon fiber pre-oxidation for 2h, C/SiC composites mechanical properties appeared to reduce seriously.
Research of Nominal Operating Temperature Testing Method of BIPV Module
Authors: Wei Chen Guang , Pan Rui Na , Wang Dong
Published: January 2017

There is no national standard and international standard of nominal module operating temperature (NMOT) test methods for Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) modules. An in-lab testing method for measuring NMOT of BIPV modules is proposed. Based on the real operation condition of solar cells, the effect of ambient temperature, wind speed and optimal load resistor to operate temperature was analyzed. The surface temperature, interior temperature and back temperature of BIPV module were measured and the NMOT was determined. This method was demonstrated to be valid and convenient for long-term experiments in out-door testing environment.
Synthesis of Silica Aerogel Using Silica Sol by Ambient Drying Method
Authors: Sun Da , Sui Xue Ye , Zhou Chang Ling , Han Nai Hong , Liu Fu Tian
Published: January 2017

In this experiment, silica sol was used as raw material, the mixture of ammonium chloride and ammonia was used as coagulant. After replacing the solvent with n-hexane, silica aerogel was obtained under the condition of normal pressure. The influence of sol pH and coagulating temperature on the gel time was studied. According to the SEM photographs, the influence of drying temperature from 30 °C to 60 °C on the microstructure of silica aerogel was analyzed. This study showed that when sol pH was 6.5, coagulating temperature was 80 °C and the concentration of ammonia was 0.4 mol/L, the gel time was the shortest. The average size of silica aerogel particles was 10-20 nm, the average size of apertures was 20-50 nm. When the drying temperature was 40 °C, the specific surface area was 402.41 m2/g, the pore volume was 2.33 cm3/g, the density was 0.18 g/cm3.
Effect of Nd2O3 on the Microwave Dielectric Properties of 0.67CaTiO3-0.33LaAlO3 Ceramics
Authors: Dou Zhan Ming , Wang Gan , Jiang Juan , Zhang Tian Jin
Published: January 2017

0.67CaTiO3-0.33LaAlO3 ceramics doped with Nd2O3 were prepared using a conventional two-step solid-state reaction, and the effect of Nd2O3 doping on the microwave dielectric properties were studied. A single phase of perovskite structure was confirmed with the Nd2O3 doping. The results showed that the addition of Nd2O3 obviously improved the density and Q×f values of CTLA ceramics. The dielectric constant were almost not affected and the τf values were close to zero with the increase of the doping amount. CTLA ceramics with 0.2 wt% Nd2O3 doping sintered at 1380 °C for 4 h exhibited the optimal microwave dielectric properties of εr = 45.36, Q×f = 37,890 GHz, τf = 7.80 ppm/°C.
Domain Walls and Thermal Aging Stability of (K,Na)NbO3-Based Ceramics in Tetragonal Phase
Authors: Gao Yong , Zhao Hong Yi , Liu Fu Tian , Zhao Xiao Bo , Zhu Kong Zan , Song Nan Jing
Published: January 2017

Thermal depoling behaviors of (K0.50Na0.50)0.94Li0.06NbO3 and (K0.50Na0.50)0.96Li0.04(Nb0.85Ta0.15)O3 ceramics possessing tetragonal crystalline structure at room temperature have been studied. By comparing the difference in these two compositions during annealing treatment, we provide visual evidence that different types of ferroelectric domain walls play different roles in the thermal depoling. The study results show that the drop in piezoelectric properties can be mainly attributed to the motion of 180o domain walls below the Curie temperature. When the thermal aging temperature is close to the Curie temperature, the reduction of piezoelectric properties is caused by the movement of 90o domain walls. The (K0.50Na0.50)0.96Li0.04(Nb0.85Ta0.15)O3 ceramic with fewer 180o domains shows very good thermal ageing stability from the low experimental temperature limit of −60 °C up to high temperatures close to TC.
The Analysis of Influence Factors in Cement Strength Test
Authors: Yan Xiao Bo , Wang Xu Fang , Wang Chan Gan
Published: January 2017

A broad experimental study had been carried out to characterize the effects of personnel operation and apparatus on cement strength test in this paper. The experimental results illustrated that wipe method of bowl influenced cement strength test result through changing water to cement ratio. In addition, cement strength results compacted by vibrating table were lower than that compacted by jolting apparatus. Also, it found that the installation way of jolting apparatus and the conditions of clamps had a significant effect on cement strength test result. Moreover, the use of ejector would reduce specimens’ damage in the demolding process, which ensured cement strength test accuracy.
Reflectivity and Laser Ablation Behavior of La1-xSrxTiO3+δ Coating
Authors: Kong Jing , Gao Li Hong , Ma Zhuang , Wang Fu Chi , Yue Li Ao
Published: January 2017

La1-xSrxTiO3+δ (LST) has been studied in many fields due to its excellent physical and chemical properties. However, there are rare reports on its optical properties, especially reflectivity. Our previous work has prepared LST coatings by atmospheric plasma spraying technique, but the reflectivity is much lower than that of LST powder itself. In this paper, LST coating was prepared by knife coating which is a traditional convenient method. The phase structure and surface morphology of the coating were examined by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The optical property was characterized by UV-visible-near infrared spectroscopy and the laser ablation tests were carried out by YSL-2000 Fiber Laser (IPG Co) with the wavelength of 1070 nm and the spot size of 10 mm×10 mm. Results show that the reflectivity of the LST coatings depends on the weight ratio of LST and binder. A high-reflectivity coating can be prepared by knife coating with appropriate content of LST.
Measurement and Characterization of CeO2-TiO2 Ion Storage Films for Electrochromic Devices
Authors: Wu Wei Shan , Liang Xiao Ping , Wang Jun , Chen Peng , Zhang Wei , Zhong Kai , Sun Wei Jian , Fan Xiao Wei , Li Jian Xin
Published: January 2017

CeO2-TiO2 sols and films were prepared by sol-gel method. The precursor sols consist of a mixture of cerium nitrate hexahydrate Ce(NO3)3·6H2O, butyl titanate Ti(OC4H9)4 and anhydrous ethanol CH3CH2OH. The films were deposited using the dip-coating technique and calcined at 310 °C in an oxygen atmosphere. The effects of the molar ratios of cerium to titanium（0.55:1, 0.70:1, 0.85:1, 1:1）on the microstructure and properties of (CeO2)x-TiO2 films were investigated. The surface morphology, electrochemical performance and optical property were characterized by FE-SEM, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and UV-Visible spectrometer, respectively. The results show that the properties of the films are tightly related to cerium to titanium ratio. When the molar ratio of cerium to titaniumis 0.85:1, the ion storage capacity value of CeO2-TiO2 film is 19.99mC/cm2, whereas the pure TiO2 film is 11.52mC/cm2. The stability tests and optical measurements confirm that the developed CeO2-TiO2 films can be use as ion storage-counter eletrodes in electrochromic devices.
TA Assisted Synthesis and Properties of Porous ZnO
Authors: Li Yang Yang , Liu Ting Zhi , Duo Shu Wang , Xu Hai Ming , Zhong Rui Fang
Published: January 2017

Multihole ZnO hierarchical architectures were prepared by tartaric acid assisted hydrothermal synthesis, TA acts as a capping agent and structure-directing agent during the synthesis. Hydrazine acts as alkali source. XRD confirmed that that all ZnO possess the hexagonal wurtzite structure, and the crystalline of the sample turns better after annealed. The PL spectra can be tuned by changing TA concentration. The FTIR spectra of ZnO nanostructures shows the main absorbance peaks of all samples are located at about 547 cm−1, which are attributed to the vibrations of elongation of ZnO without any other bonds.
Influence of CeO2 Doping on Property of SnO2 Ceramics
Authors: Wang Qi Lin , Huang Xin You , Yin Jia , Sun Jing Feng , Feng Meng Xian , Chen Lei
Published: January 2017

The tin dioxide ceramics were prepared by the traditional solid phase sintering method. Influence of different CeO2 doping amount on the microstructure, electrical resistivity and density of the tin dioxide ceramics by SEM and XRD and other analytical instrument. The relationship between composition, properties and structure were obtained. The results showed that when CeO2 doping quantity increased, the electrical resistivity of tin dioxide ceramics decreased firstly and then increased, the density of tin dioxide ceramics increased. When sintered temperature was 1430°C and the doping quantity of CeO2 was 0.7wt.%,the properties of tin dioxide ceramics was good, crystal growth was most complete,the electrical resistivity was 966.68mΩ·cm and the density was 5.72g/cm3.
Facile Synthesis and Photocatalytic Performance of W18O49 Nanorods
Authors: Wang Shuo , Bai Xia Xia , Zhang Hui
Published: January 2017

W18O49 nanorods photocatalyst was successfully synthesized by a facile pyrolyzing ammonium metatungstate in a reductive atmosphere of H2 (5 vol %)/Ar. The synthesized W18O49 nanorods were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectrum, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy. The results show that W18O49 nanorods are about 190 nm in diameter and around 4.8 μm in length, and they possess the band-gap energy of 2.32 eV. Moreover the photocatalytic activity of W18O49 nanorods was evaluated by degrading methylene blue (MB) under visible light irradiation. The result illustrates that the W18O49 nanorods have a photodegradation efficiency of 60% for MB under the irradiation of xenon lamp (250 W, λ > 420 nm) for 2 h.
Analyze of the Stress-Birefringence of the Fused Silica with Large Aperture
Authors: Shao Zhu Feng , Wang Jia Jia , Wang Hui , Wang Hong Jie , Nie Lan Jian , Zhang Xin , Bao Yi Wang
Published: January 2017

Because of its excellent optical performance, photo-physical properties, thermal stability, the fused silica is widely used in laser and aerospace industry. Fused silica can be made to the large-aperture lens for high power laser facilities or the windows for detecting devices. In order to meet the applications, the surface shape of the fused silica must be polished to better than 1/3λ(P-V). If the result of stress-birefringence is big, it is hard to control the surface shape. The permanent stress of a large-aperture fused silica was measured with digital stressmeter and analyzed from manufacturing process stand point.The forming reason and the removing way of different types of stresses were also analyzed in this article. The structure stress is the permanent one in all the types, which also affects the result and the morphology of optical homogeneity.
Analysis of the Test Method of Quartz Glass Optical Homogeneity
Authors: Fu Bo , Wang Hui , Shao Zhu Feng
Published: January 2017

The optical quartz glass is widely applied in optical system , photo communications，inertial navigation，etc.It must have high optical homogeneity. Optical homogeneity of the optical quartz glass directly affects the wavefront quality of the optical transmission system, and changes the wavefront aberration of the system. How to accurately determine the optical homogeneity of the quartz glass is especially important. Currently，the method of test for optical homogeneity mainly used by interference principle. This paper analyzes various existing interference measurement method and test equipment. Summarized the advantages and disadvantages of various test methods，using range and measurement accuracy.
Application of Molten Salt Method in Hercynite Composite Powder Synthesis at Elevated Temperature
Authors: Chai Yan , Zhang Mei Jie
Published: January 2017

With molten salt method, a series of the hercynite powders were prepared using FeCl2·4H2O, active alumina and iron powder as raw material and KCl molten salt as reaction medium. The phase composition and micro-morphology were studied by techniques of XRD and SEM. The results showed that a high purity hercynite-alumina powder can be synthesized by molten salt synthesis method after heat treatment at 1000 °C in reducing atmosphere, the main phases were hercynite and α-Al2O3, and the increasing iron powder content can raise hercynite production quantity with developed crystal grain, the grain size was increased from 6μm to 10μm.