bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Merger Motives and Technology Deployment: A Retrospective Evaluation
Authors: Majumdar Sumit K. , Moussawi Rabih , Yaylacicegi Ulku
Published: January 2020

The nature of post-merger technological progress outcomes is unclear, with theoretical and empirical literature being inconclusive and equivocal. We contend that merger motives materially drive post-merger outcomes and that post-merger outcomes vary significantly because merger motives vary. Hence, assessments of post-merger outcomes should take into account such motives, by the use of suitable statistical constructs. Our retrospective study has empirically assessed post-merger technology deployment patterns in the US telecommunications industry over a considerable recent historical period of major institutional changes. The events have provided information enabling us to conduct a detailed evaluation of the relative outcomes of differently motivated mergers under clean natural experiment conditions. Mergers have been classified as those undertaken for consolidation, financial, and market exploitation reasons. We have found consolidation and market exploitation motivated mergers to have had a positive impact, resulting in materially greater technology deployment outcomes for firms experiencing these mergers. The largest category of mergers that the firms have engaged in have been of the liquidity-seeking type, and such liquidity-seeking mergers have resulted in materially lower levels of technology deployment outcomes. On balance, we unequivocally conclude that negative lower technology deployment outcomes have outweighed the positive higher technology deployment outcomes. Such results should meaningfully influence agencies’ approaches in deciding whether or not to permit important sector mergers under review.
Some left to tell the tale: Finding perpetrators and understanding violence in Rwanda
Authors: Loyle Cyanne E , Davenport Christian
Published: January 2020

Scholars of political violence often face problems concerning data availability. Research on the perpetrators of that violence is no exception. Over the past 40 years we have made great strides in understanding who joins in violent action and why, yet have rarely probed the representative nature of the subjects queried or contemplated the implications of this sampling for our conclusions. It is generally assumed that those left to ‘tell the tale’ about what transpired are representative of those who participated in the violence. In this article, we use the context of the 1994 genocide in Rwanda to probe questions about which perpetrators of violence we include in our research and subsequently, who we miss. We theorize an often overlooked group of perpetrators, the ‘murderers in the middle’, who take orders from above, mobilize others to kill, and zealously participate themselves. We contend that this group of perpetrators is potentially unique from those generally captured, identified, and studied in that they are likely to have actively and willingly engaged in violence for personal gain as well as for ideological reasons. Systematically missing groups of perpetrators has potential implications for research on participation in mass violence as well as our understanding of why this behavior occurs.
L’Église, la femme et l’affect : récits sur la désirabilité du modèle laïc au Québec ou comment fabriquer un projet politique en contexte séculier?
Authors: Mossière Géraldine
Published: January 2020

This article is based on life stories collected between 2014 and 2018 among a population of baby boomers of French Canadian descent, whose personal path echoes the social and political history of the province. Following their socialization in a Catholic context, this generation has known a rapid phase of secularization, modernization and diversification that, since the end of the 1960s, have impacted the local social and political landscape of the province. The entanglement between individual and collective experiences shapes a particular rhetoric on the « laïc » (secularist) project in Quebec that hinges on memories of Catholicism, concern for gender equity and pluralist ethics. Drawing on Maclure and Taylor’s model of open and closed secularism, the author discuss the means and ends of the moral principles underlying baby boomers’ narratives.
Contractual arrangements and entrepreneurial governance: Flexibility and leeway in urban regeneration projects
Authors: van den Hurk Martijn , Tasan-Kok Tuna
Published: January 2020

Urban regeneration projects involve complex contractual deals between public- and private-sector actors. Critics contend that contracts hamper opportunities for flexibility and change in these projects due to strict provisions that are incorporated in legal agreements. This article offers contrary empirical insights based on a study of contractual arrangements for urban regeneration projects in the Netherlands, including an analysis of interviews and confidential documents. It zooms in on provisions on safeguarding and adaptation, finding that urban regeneration projects remain receptive to flexibility and change. Public-sector actors use their room to manoeuvre while operating contracts, seeking to secure social relations and keep projects going. This article taps into data sources that are difficult to access, addressing what is included in contracts and how they are used by practitioners, and presents questions for future research on contracts in the urban built environment.
What Do Undergraduate Students Learn From Participating in Psychological Research?
Authors: Zannella Lesley , Vahedi Zahra , Want Stephen
Published: January 2020

Researchers often rely on undergraduate students to participate in psychological studies and so ethical guidelines state that there must be educational value to their participation. In previous studies that have asked undergraduates whether they felt they learned something new from participating in research, students have generally said yes. However, we know relatively little about what specifically they are learning. The current study aimed to extend previous research by asking undergraduate participants ( N = 479), who had all taken part in at least one psychology study, to indicate whether and what they learned about the research process, themselves, or other people as a result of their participation. Participants were also asked to recommend ways to make participating in studies more educational. Our findings suggest that the majority of participants are learning from their participation, most often about the design or process of research but also sometimes about their own psychology or that of other people. Based on students’ feedback, we provide specific recommendations for further improving the educational potential of studies.
The Neglected Intelligence Course: Needs and Suggested Solutions
Authors: Burton Jared Z. , Warne Russell T.
Published: January 2020

Intelligence is a well-studied construct in psychology that has correlational relationships with many educational, employment, and health outcomes. However, prior research indicates that incorrect beliefs about intelligence are widespread. In an effort to discern the degree to which the psychology curriculum is responsible for these inaccuracies, we collected course descriptions and catalog information from 303 American colleges and universities. We found that college courses dedicated to mainstream intelligence science are rare. Because the lack of intelligence education within psychology is a plausible contributor to incorrect beliefs about intelligence, we present an outline for a college-level course on intelligence. We also provide advice for implementing a course, including course readings and advice for handling controversies.
Availability of home palliative care services and dying at home in conditions needing palliative care: A population-based death certificate study
Authors: Nakanishi Miharu , Ogawa Asao , Nishida Atsushi
Published: January 2020

Background:

Avoiding inappropriate care transition and enabling people with chronic diseases to die at home have become important health policy issues. Availability of palliative home care services may be related to dying at home.

Aim:

After controlling for the presence of hospital beds and primary care physicians, we examined the association between availability of home palliative care services and dying at home in conditions requiring such services.

Design:

Death certificate data in Japan in 2016 were linked with regional healthcare statistics.

Setting/participants:

All adults (18 years or older) who died from conditions needing palliative care in 2016 in Japan were included.

Results:

There were 922,756 persons included for analysis. Malignant neoplasm (37.4%) accounted for most decedents, followed by heart disease including cerebrovascular disease (31.4%), respiratory disease (14.7%) and dementia/Alzheimer’s disease/senility (11.5%). Of decedents, 20.8% died at home or in a nursing home and 79.2% died outside home (hospital/geriatric intermediate care facility). Death at home was more likely in health regions with fewer hospital beds and more primary care physicians, in total and per condition needing palliative care. Number of home palliative care services was negatively associated with death at home. The adjustment for home palliative care services disappeared in heart disease including cerebrovascular disease and reversed in respiratory disease.

Conclusion:

Specialised home palliative care services may be suboptimal, and primary care services may serve as a key access point in providing baseline palliative care to people with conditions needing palliative care. Therefore, primary care services should aim to enhance their palliative care workforce.
Endovascular Thrombectomy for Stroke Effectiveness Study—An Audit From a Small Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Virani Karim , Hu Sherry , Christian Christine , Simpkin Wendy , Phillips Stephen , Shankar Jai Jai Shiva
Published: January 2020

Purpose:

Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) treatment for acute ischemic stroke is now recommended as a standard of care. However, implementing EVT in routine clinical practice poses many challenges, even in countries with advanced health-care systems. The aim of the current study is to delineate if EVT at our institution is an effective treatment for acute ischemic stroke.

Methods:

All patients who underwent EVT at our institution between December 2011 and July 2017 were retrospectively assessed from our prospective registry. Clinical and imaging (including the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT [ASPECT] score, single-phase computed tomography angiography, and computed tomography perfusion) criteria were utilized to determine EVT suitability. Primary outcomes included modified Rankin score (mRS) at 90 days and recanalization determined by the modified Treatment in Cerebral Infarction score. Effectiveness was assessed by comparing our cohort with patients receiving EVT in the ESCAPE (Endovascular Treatment for Small Core and Proximal Occlusion Ischemic Stroke) trial.

Results:

Eighty-eight patients presented to our hospital after a median of 87 minutes last seen normal. Of these, median ASPECT score was 9. A majority (72%) also received intravenous alteplase. Successful recanalization (≥TICI 2b) was achieved in 79%. At 90 days, 48% (36/75) were functionally independent (mRS score of 0-2) and 28% (21/75) were disabled (mRS score of 3-5); 24% (18/75) died (mRS of 6) within 90 days.

Conclusions:

An audit of our initial experience with EVT for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke in a small tertiary care center yielded similar results compared to the ESCAPE trial, which is encouraging for implementing this treatment in routine clinical practice.
A Single-Institute Experience With Radioactive Seed Localization of Breast Lesions—A Retrospective Study
Authors: Jumaa Klaudia , Johani Badria Al , Brackstone Muriel , Kornecki Anat
Published: January 2020

Objectives:

To assess the benefits associated with radioactive seed localization (RSL) in comparison to conventional wire localization (WL) for nonpalpable breast lesions.

Methods:

Radioactive seed localization was initiated at our institution in July 2013. Retrospective review of all WL performed between June 2012 and July 2013 (2013) and all RSL performed during June 2015 and July 2016 (2016). Patients who received neoadjuvant therapy or did not undergo their planned surgeries and WL performed in 2016 were excluded. The following data were collected: final pathology, resection margins for malignant lesions, time to surgery, seed migration, and number of localized lumpectomies performed by each surgeon.

Results:

A total of 292 WL procedures (288 women) in 2013 and 194 RSL procedures (186 women) in 2016 were eligible for the study. All WLs were inserted the day of surgery. Mean time from RSL insertion to surgery was 4.0 ± 2.8 days (range: 1-17 days). There was no difference in specimen size for malignant lesions (6.8 ± 2.8 cm for WL and 6.9 ± 2.9 cm for RSL; P = .5). Specimen radiographs were obtained in 233 (80%) of 292 WL compared to 194 (100%) of 194 RSL ( P < .001). For malignant lesions, positive margins were present in 34 (17.2%) of 198 with WL compared to 15 (10.3%) of 146 with RSL ( P < .001). Close margins (≤1 mm) were present in 31 (15.6%) of 198 with WL compared to 1 (0.6%) of 146 with RSL ( P < .001). The seed fell out of the specimen during surgery in 6 (3.1%) of 194. No seed loss was recorded. The surgeons (n = 4) who transitioned to RSL increased the number of surgeries per month from a mean of 4.4 ± 2.6 in 2013 to 6.9 ± 3.5 in 2016, equivalent to a 41% increase ( P = .003).

Conclusions:

The use of RSL, as compared to conventional WL, resulted in a reduction in the number of pathologically involved surgical margins and was associated with an increased number of surgeries. Furthermore, RSL can be performed up to 14 days prior to surgery, which may improve scheduling flexibility in the radiology department.
Reducing the Volume of Low-Value Outpatient MRI Joint Examinations in Patients ≥55 Years of Age
Authors: Kandiah Joshua W. , Chan Vivian W. Y. , Luo Jing , Dong Flora , Nugent James P. , Forster Bruce B.
Published: January 2020

Purpose:

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is not beneficial in patients with joint pain and concomitant osteoarthritis (OA). We attempt to determine whether evaluation of OA via X-rays can reduce inappropriate MRI and computed tomography (CT) arthrogram use. In our jurisdiction, CT arthrograms are used as surrogate tests because of MRI wait times.

Materials and Methods:

Our intervention required patients ≥55 years of age scheduled for outpatient MRI of the knee/hip/shoulder at an urban hospital to have X-rays (weight bearing when appropriate) from within 1 year. Red flags (ie, neoplasm, infection) were identified for which MRI would be indicated regardless. Through review of radiographs on picture archiving and communication system/digital media and use of the validated Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) OA scale, radiologists assessed the presence and degree of OA. A finding of significant OA (KL > 2) without red flags would preclude MRI. Monthly averages of MRI and CT arthrogram examinations were measured 33 months before and 23 months following introduction of the intervention.

Results:

The proportion of protocoled MRI requisitions that were avoided was 21%. If extrapolated to the province of British Columbia, 2419 of 11 700 examinations could have been prevented in the past year. The average monthly number of knee/hip/shoulder MRI examinations as a percentage of total MRI examinations decreased from 4.9% to 4.3% ( P < .02) following the intervention. The average monthly number of knee/hip/shoulder CT arthrogram examinations decreased from 20.6 to 12.1 ( P < .0001).

Conclusion:

We were able to decrease the number of MRI and CT arthrogram examinations in patients ≥55 years of age with joint pain by implementing an evaluation for OA via recent X-ray imaging.
Extrahepatic Fat-Containing Lesions of the Abdomen and Pelvis: An Organ-Based Approach to Differential Diagnoses
Authors: Chung Andrew D.
Published: January 2020

The presence of intralesional fat provides an invaluable tool for narrowing the differential diagnosis for both benign and malignant neoplasms of the abdomen and pelvis. The ability to characterize intralesional fat is further expanded by the ability of magnetic resonance imaging to detect small quantities (intravoxel) of fat. While the presence of intralesional fat can help to provide a relatively narrow set of diagnostic possibilities, depending on the type of fat (macroscopic vs intravoxel) that is present and the organ of origin, radiologists must be aware of uncommon mimickers of pathology, both benign and malignant.
Modeling Women’s Need For Action in Violent Relationships
Authors: Katerndahl David A. , Burge Sandra K. , Ferrer Robert L. , Wood Robert , Montanez Villacampa Maria del Pilar
Published: January 2020

We are beginning to understand that intimate partner violence (IPV) and women’s decision-making about that violence are nonlinear phenomena. IPV and decision-making are influenced by variables feedforwarding upon themselves with multiple interconnected predictors and circularly causal relationships. Computer models can help us gain a systems perspective on these relationships and enable hypothesis-testing without engendering risk to women in these relationships. The purpose of this study was to develop a mathematical model of women’s decision-making concerning her violent relationship and assess the impact of random stress and her controllable behaviors on violence and decision-making. An agent-based model was created using data from couples with history of violence, based upon results of multiple time series of partner violence. To explore factors that may alter model results, eight continuous variable parameters were created based upon significant ( p ≤ .05) but discrepant (opposite directions) results from two prior time series studies. Overall, 13 unique patterns of violence in five categories were identified, but none of these categories included his violence alone without some additional influence (i.e., marital distance leading to marital distance the following day). To assess the potential impact that random stress and behaviors under her control (arguments, forgiveness, alcohol use, violence) could have on need-for-action and actions taken, the effects of variable parameter settings on these outcomes were also assessed. While random stress had little effect on outcomes, her interventions could have an impact but were pattern-specific. Her daily participation in arguments correlated with more violence. The need-for and actually taking action were at times independent of each other. This mathematical model yielded results that generally involved her violence with or without his violence. Thus, modeling partner violence and women’s decision-making is possible, yielding diverse patterns. However, the complexity of interdependent predictors unique to each relationship means that targeted interventions will need to be couple-specific.
Gender Politics and Radical Right Parties: An Examination of Women’s Substantive Representation in Slovakia
Authors: Rashkova Ekaterina R.
Published: January 2020

On the crossroads between preserving a nationalist rhetoric and adding ways in which it can offer an alternative to mainstream politics, the Slovak Radical Right has transformed itself from having an unsteady presence in parliament over the last two decades to having two nationalist parties with a significant portion of seats. This article examines the radical right parties’ (RRPs’) gender rhetoric and parliamentary activity, and in comparison to other parties evaluates the substantive representation of women within these parties. The study covers the period from 2006 to 2016 and shows that while women are still significantly outnumbered in RRPs, they are more active on women’s issues than any of their counterparts. Moreover, their activity can be characterized as “positive representation,” as opposed to the usually assumed “negative representation” of women by RRPs.
Uses and Gratifications of and Exposure to Nature 2.0 and Associated Interdependence With Nature and Pro-Environmental Behavior
Authors: Ng Yu-Leung
Published: January 2020

New media studies have begun to take environmental topics into consideration. However, there has been little research that explores the origins of human psychological needs that motivate people to get exposed to nature on the Internet and gain satisfaction via social media uses related to nature. This study intended to investigate the uses and gratifications of and exposure to “nature 2.0” (a nature that is humanly created on Web 2.0) and the associated interdependence with nature and pro-environmental behavior. The results found that the needs to affiliate with nature 2.0 can be satisfied through functional, relational, and emotional gratifications. Exposure to nature 2.0 was associated with commitment to nature and pro-environmental self-reported behavior. Functional gratification was correlated with pro-environmental behavior, while relational and emotional gratifications were related to interdependence with nature.
Testing a Moderated Mediation Model of Turnover Intentions With Chinese Employees
Authors: Zhu Linna , Flores Lisa Y. , Weng Qingxiong , Li Junyi
Published: January 2020

This study explores the role of organizational career growth on employees’ organizational identification and turnover intentions in the contemporary career era. We compare the impact of organizational career growth and perceived external prestige of organization on employees’ organizational identification and turnover intentions and probe whether perceived alternative job opportunities moderate the relations between perceived external prestige–organizational identification and organizational career growth–organizational identification. Using a sample of 644 Chinese employees, findings indicated perceived external prestige and organizational career growth negatively influenced turnover intentions via organizational identification. Perceived alternative job opportunities buffered the relation between perceived external prestige and organizational identification but not the relation between organizational career growth and organizational identification. Finally, organizational career growth contributed more to organizational identification and turnover intentions than perceived external prestige. Our results suggest future research should consider the role of individual career states in improving employees’ organizational identification and retaining them within an organization.
Becoming Precarious? Precarious Work and Life Trajectories After Retrenchment
Authors: Barnes Tom , Weller Sally A.
Published: January 2020

Much of the large literature on precarious work has largely tended to assume that precarity is shaped by job quality: that precarious work leads to precarious lives. This paper adds to the literature by questioning this line of causality and highlighting the broader range of influences shaping the lives of older workers who enter precarious work after retrenchment from secure, long-term careers. Drawing on a study of Australia’s automotive manufacturing industry, which closed in 2017, this article finds that for older retrenched workers, exposure to precarious employment sharpened life precarity for some but did not lead to precarious lives for others. Instead of a uniform transition from security to precarity, these workers’ life trajectories diverged depending on their household-scale financial security. Key issues influencing the likelihood of older workers’ lives becoming precarious were enterprise benefits and asset wealth accumulated through their previous careers.
Building Labour Internationalism ‘from Below’: Lessons from the International Dockworkers Council’s European Working Group
Authors: Fox-Hodess Katy
Published: January 2020

This article considers whether the efficacy of transnational unionism, a strategy for trade union movement revitalisation, might be increased by a second revitalisation strategy: rank-and-file trade union democracy. This question is examined through a study of the International Dockworkers Council (IDC), an exceptional case of institutionalised rank-and-file union democracy at the transnational level. A shadow comparison examines the work of the International Transport Workers Federation, a bureaucratic trade union organisation active in the same sector. The IDC’s structure is found to increase the efficacy of transnational unionism by removing layers of bureaucratic mediation that slow down action, fostering a culture of militant solidarity among participants. Nevertheless, participants noted the heavy personal burdens placed on activists under this model and some difficulties of operating without the assistance of paid professionals. Additionally, differing national legal and political contexts for unionism remain significant barriers to effective internationalism.
Solidarities In and Through Work in an Age of Extremes
Authors: Beck Vanessa , Brook Paul
Published: January 2020

This article introduces a special issue of Work, Employment and Society on solidarities in and through the experience of work in an age of austerity and political polarisation. It commences by discussing the renaissance of studies of solidarity in the workplace – and beyond. Debates on solidarity as a concept are reviewed in relation to moral economy, labour organising-mobilisation, emotional labour and public sociology. Each of the special issue articles assess the value of the solidarity concept under contemporary conditions. Between them they explore solidarity among gig economy delivery riders (Italy and UK), special needs teachers (England), volunteer lifeboat crews (UK and Ireland) and international ‘social factory’ activists. Two articles examine solidarity within organised labour: first, internationalism among dock workers and second, North American police unions’ construction of a divisive ‘blue solidarity’. The article concludes by calling for continued study of different forms of solidarity in and through work, especially among migrants and individualised workers.
Numerical prediction of rail wear development in high-speed railway turnouts
Authors: Wang Pu , Wang Shuguo , Si Daolin
Published: January 2020

Wear of rails in turnouts is a common problem during the operation of high-speed railways. It can seriously affect the running safety of trains and the service lives of wheels and turnout rails. In this study, a numerical prediction model for rail wear development in high-speed railway turnouts was established. According to the material wear theory developed by Archard, the wear depth distribution in the wheel–rail contact patch was calculated based on a vehicle–turnout coupling dynamics simulation and wheel–rail rolling contact analysis. For the dynamics model, various components of the vehicle and complex nonlinear interactions between the components were simulated in detail to guarantee consistency with reality. The combination relationship of the switch and stock rails and the irregular and variable cross-sections of the rails in the switch panel of the turnout were considered. Spatial interpolation was used to achieve three-dimensional transitions between adjacent irregular cross-sections to model the compromised rails in the turnout. In addition, the stiffness and damping characteristics of the track in the turnout zone were taken into account. The rail wear rates for every characteristic section of the switch panel were calculated by the superposition model for rail profile wear. An adaptive-step algorithm was adopted in the iterative computations to update the rail profiles for every characteristic section position, which could reduce the cumulative errors and effectively improve the stability and reliability of the numerical model. Finally, case studies were conducted to investigate the wear developments of the switch and stock rails of high-speed turnouts using the developed model. In addition, the rail wear status of turnouts in the Shanghai–Nanjing high-speed railway was measured. The numerical prediction results are consistent with those of the actual situations in the field, verifying the rationality of the established model. This work shows the potential for guiding the maintenance and optimal design of turnouts and improving the understanding of the formation mechanism and influencing factors of rail wear in turnouts.
A community-based model of HIV care for men who have sex with men and transgender women in Chicago
Authors: Brito Maximo O , Khosla Shaveta , Santana Lyanne , Lubrano Antonio , Martinez Tamara , Eugeni Alissa , Mehta Supriya D , Novak Richard M
Published: January 2020

Socioeconomically disadvantaged men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) share a disproportionate burden of the HIV epidemic. Providing care in the community may help improve retention and treatment outcomes of these clients. Our objective was to compare HIV outcomes between a community-based model (CBM) and a hospital-based model (HBM) of HIV care. This was a retrospective cohort study of MSM and TGW with HIV treated at community clinics or at a hospital-based clinic. The primary outcome was the cumulative probability of virologic failure (HIV viral load ≥200 copies/ml). We conducted multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression to identify differences in outcome by care setting. Of 258 MSM and TGW, approximately half received care in the CBM. They were more likely to be African American (71% versus 59%), uninsured (48% versus 39%), and used illicit drugs (40% versus 25%). There was no difference in virologic failure by setting (58% CBM, 53% HBM; cumulative incidence of virologic failure: 35% CBM, 25% HBM; adjusted HR = 1.11; 95% CI: 0.88–1.39). Despite serving clients at greater risk for failure, virologic failure in our CBM was similar to a traditional HBM for MSM and TGW living with HIV.
The madness of Princess Alice: Sigmund Freud, Ernst Simmel and Alice of Battenberg at Kurhaus Schloß Tegel
Authors: Nobus Dany
Published: January 2020

During the winter of 1930, Princess Alice of Battenberg was admitted to Kurhaus Schloß Tegel, where she was diagnosed with schizophrenic paranoia. When Freud was consulted about her case by Ernst Simmel, the Sanatorium’s Director, he recommended that the patient’s ovaries be exposed to high-intensity X-rays. Freud’s suggestion was not based on any psychoanalytic treatment principles, but rooted in a rejuvenation technique to which Freud himself had subscribed. In recommending that psychotic patients should be treated with physical interventions, Freud confirmed his conviction that the clinical applicability of psychoanalysis should not be extrapolated beyond the neuroses, yet he also asserted that a proper consideration of endocrinological factors in the aetiology and treatment of the psychoses should never be excluded.
Digital Sustainability and Entrepreneurship: How Digital Innovations Are Helping Tackle Climate Change and Sustainable Development
Authors: George Gerard , Merrill Ryan K. , Schillebeeckx Simon J. D.
Published: January 2020

We explore how digital technologies are helping address grand challenges to tackle climate change and promote sustainable development. With digital technologies, entrepreneurial organizations have adopted innovative approaches to tackle seemingly intractable societal challenges. We refer to these broadly as digital sustainability activities. By focusing on the digital toolbox employed by pioneering organizations, we propose a research agenda that generates novel questions for entrepreneurship, business models, and ecosystems as well as new ways of thinking about trust and institutional logics. We believe that digital sustainability can spur empirical advances in entrepreneurship, innovation, and strategy with potential for positive impact on society.
Factors Affecting Decisions Regarding Terminal Care Locations of Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Nogami Noriko , Nakai Katsuya , Horimoto Yoshiya , Mizushima Akio , Saito Mitsue
Published: January 2020

Background:

Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is generally incurable, but patients can survive longer than those with other cancer types. Treatment strategies for MBC are complex, and it is difficult to establish evidence of efficacy since symptoms and patient backgrounds vary markedly. Some patients struggle to decide where to receive end-of-life care, despite palliative care intervention, and some die in unexpected places. With the aim of ascertaining the best way to intervene on behalf of patients with end-stage breast cancer, we retrospectively examined interventions provided by our palliative care team. We investigated factors influencing the decision-making processes of patients with MBC regarding end-of-life care locations and where patients actually died.

Methods:

Clinical records of 44 patients with MBC, all Japanese women, who received palliative care interventions at our hospital, were retrospectively investigated. We examined factors, such as age, possibly impacting decision-making processes regarding the final location and actual place of death.

Results:

Thirty-five (80%) patients were able to decide where to receive end-of-life care, while the others were not. For these 35 patients, desired locations were the palliative care unit (77%), home palliative care (14%), and the hospital (9%). Age and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were factors influencing patients’ decision-making processes ( P = .030 and .044, respectively). Of the 35 patients, 25 (71%) were able to receive end-of-life care at their desired locations.

Conclusions:

Young patients and those with short RFS struggled with making decisions regarding where to receive end-of-life care. Such patients might benefit from prompt introduction of advanced care planning.
Association Between Substance Use and Insufficient Sleep in U.S. High School Students
Authors: Kwon Misol , Seo Young S. , Park Eunhee , Chang Yu-Ping
Published: January 2020

Multidimensional causes of insufficient sleep among adolescents are not fully explored, particularly, the association between substance use and sleep duration. The 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) of high school students ( N = 14,638; 51% female, 14–18 years old) was used to examine the association between substance use, namely cigarette, electronic vapor, alcohol, and marijuana use in the past 30 days, and insufficient sleep (<8 hr) using logistic regression analyses. Findings suggest that the use of alcohol (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.42; 95% CI [1.22, 1.65]) and marijuana (AOR, 1.19; 95% CI [1.00, 1.41]) was significantly associated with having insufficient hours of sleep adjusting for age, sex, race, and computer use ≥3 hr per day. Moreover, interaction effects were examined for sex and age, which revealed that the association between marijuana use and having insufficient sleep was stronger for male and younger students. It highlights the potential value of sleep assessment among adolescent substance users.
Pharmacokinetics of Trastuzumab After Subcutaneous and Intravenous Administration in Obese Patients
Authors: González García Jonathan , Gutiérrez Nicolás Fernando , Ramos Díaz Ruth , Nazco Casariego Gloria Julia , Viña Romero María Micaela , Llabres Martinez Matías , Llanos Muñoz Marta , Batista López José Norberto , Jiménez Sosa Alejandro , Ceballos Lenza Isaac , Cruz Jurado Josefina
Published: January 2020

Background: Subcutaneous trastuzumab (T-SC) administration does not allow the historical target concentration of 20 µg/mL for efficacy to be reached, from the start of treatment in patients with a body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m2. Objectives: To analyze the influence of the strategy of dosification (fixed vs adjusted patient’s body weight dose) on the initial minimum plasma concentration ( Cmin) of trastuzumab in obese patients. Methods: This was an observational, prospective study, which included patients with HER2-positive nonmetastatic breast cancer treated with trastuzumab. The determination of the Cmin of trastuzumab was performed on day +21 of the first cycle using the ELISA technique. Patients were stratified according to the strategy of dosification and BMI. Results: A total of 50 patients were included; 16 patients received the drug intravenously and 34 in a fixed dosage subcutaneous (T-SC) regimen. The proportion of patients who achieved an adequate plasma concentration since the beginning of treatment was significantly higher when the drug was administered intravenously (93.8% vs 67.6%, P = 0.042). These differences are especially greater in T-SC patients with BMI >30 kg/m2, with only 20% of patients exceeding the pharmacokinetic target. Conclusion and Relevance: Our study suggests that trastuzumab SC fixed dose of 600 mg is not equivalent to IV administration, especially in obese patients. An adequate trastuzumab exposure in this population needs patient weight–adjusted IV dosage in the first administration. The clinical relevance of these findings remains to be elucidated, and further research, including larger controlled trials, is warranted.
Topographical Evaluation of Penile Lichen Sclerosus Reveals a Lymphocytic Depleted Variant, Preferentially Associated With Neoplasia: A Report of 200 Cases
Authors: Piris Adriano , Sanchez Diego F. , Fernandez-Nestosa Maria José , Cañete-Portillo Sofía , Campagnoli Tania , Gonzalez Stark Lorena , Zarza Patricia , Oneto Sabrina , Lezcano Cecilia , Rodriguez Ingrid , Velazquez Elsa F. , Mihm Martin , Cubilla Antonio L.
Published: January 2020

Since the seminal study of Hart and Helwig in 1975, there are few detailed pathological studies of lichen sclerosus (LS). The aims of this study were to provide a detailed histopathological description of penile LS, as well as to explore its relationship with penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PeIN) or invasive carcinoma. We evaluated 200 patients and designed a topographical approach for the histological evaluation focusing in alterations of the following anatomical layers: squamous epithelium, lamina propria, dartos, and corpus spongiosum. We documented the quantity and topographical location of stromal lymphocytes. The prevalent lesions found were epithelial hyperplasia, atrophy, PeIN, basal cell vacuolization, lamina propria sclerosis, and variable patterns of lymphocytic infiltration. Various unique patterns of stromal sclerosis were described: perivascular, globular, linear, and solid fibrosis/hyalinization; any of them were found to be diagnostic for LS. The variation in the topography and density of lymphocytes was determinant for the identification of LS morphological variants: lichenoid, band-like, lymphocytic depleted, and mixed. A major finding was the identification of the variant designated as lymphocytic depleted LS, which we considered as the morphological prototype of LS associated with penile neoplasia. The detailed description of this complex lesion presented in this study may help pathologists in practice to identify and better define LS. The identification of the special variants suggests a role of the stromal lymphocytes in the process of carcinogenesis. Confirmation of the observations with more studies is necessary to determine the significance of these findings.
The Relevance of Media Studies Education to Industry: Insights From the Leading Media Schools of Pakistan
Authors: Hafeez Erum , Nauman Sarwat
Published: January 2020

This study provides valuable data comprising analysis of existing practices in the sampled media departments of the leading private and public sector universities of Karachi in the context of Wheeler’s conceptual model. The research looked into the aims and objectives, the curriculum, the faculty, and industry linkages of the media programs under study. For this purpose, four universities of Karachi where media programs were being offered were taken for the study. The data were collected through the analyses of the available documents open to the public and interviews of relevant heads of departments besides review of the relevant literature. The data were triangulated and themes were extracted that pointed toward the many areas in media education in Pakistan which require improvements.
Executive and Daily Life Functioning Influence the Relationship Between ADHD and Mood Symptoms in University Students
Authors: Mohamed Saleh M. H. , Börger Norbert A. , van der Meere Jaap J.
Published: January 2020

Objectives: Many studies have indicated a close relationship between ADHD and mood symptoms in university students. In the present study, we explore the role of daily functional impairments and executive functioning in the ADHD–mood relationship. Method: A total of 343 adults (126 males) filled out (a) the Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scale, (b) the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale, (c) the Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale, and (d) the Executive Function Index Scale. Results: The correlation between mood symptoms and ADHD was .48 (moderate correlation) and dropped to .15 (weak correlation) when controlling for functional problems and executive functioning. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that both functional impairments and executive functioning significantly explained 42% to 53% of the variance of mood symptoms. The addition of ADHD symptoms to the model slightly increased the explained mood variance by only 1%. Conclusion: These findings underline the role of experienced difficulties in triggering mood symptoms in ADHD symptomatology.
A systematic review of upper extremity neuropathy following total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Schwarzman Garrett R , Schwarzman Logan S , Macgillis Kyle J , Gonzalez Mark H
Published: January 2020

Background:

There is a paucity of literature describing upper extremity neuropathy following the procedure. We performed a systematic review of upper extremity neuropathy following total hip arthroplasty (THA) to provide characteristics regarding the incidence, suspected aetiology, and outcomes of such complications.

Methods:

A systematic review of the literature was performed which investigated the COCHRANE and Medline databases regarding “peripheral neuropathy total hip arthroplasty” and “nerve palsy associated total hip arthroplasty.” Studies were excluded if they were not Level I, II, or III of evidence or had incomplete reported data. Studies were evaluated and data was extracted for the analysis if they met all inclusion criteria. Data extracted was compiled to assess nerve injury, aetiology, and resolution of symptoms.

Results:

The search included 77 articles and 4 were selected for inclusion. A total of 21,346 patients underwent a THA with 40 of those cases resulting in an upper extremity nerve injury yielding a complication rate of 0.20%. The most likely aetiology of the upper extremity neuropathy was a compression neuropathy related to improper patient positioning of the contralateral/ipsilateral arm. Full resolution was reported in 74.42% of these cases (32 of 43 cases).

Conclusions:

Upper extremity neuropathy following THA is a rare complication that presents with variations of sensory and motor deficits. A thorough attention to proper positioning of the upper extremity is necessary to mitigate this risk.
Ableist contours of Down syndrome in Australia: Facebook attitudes towards existence and parenting of people with Down syndrome
Authors: Johnson Belinda , West Raelene
Published: January 2020

The emergence of online disability hate speech on social media platforms is the latest form of ableist expression. This was highlighted when an alarming amount of negative attitudinal responses emerged towards people with Down syndrome and their parents on the 60 Minutes Facebook platform to their segment ‘Does Australia really want to see the end of Down syndrome?’

This article analyses the varying contours of ableism within these responses. The responses could be categorised into three broad themes: the construction of Down syndrome as an economic burden on society and a drain on public resources; social attitudes to Down syndrome; and bias related to information provided by the medical profession to pregnant women with a high probability of a Down syndrome birth.

These findings allowed us to interrogate what this means in terms of how Australians view difference associated with Down syndrome, and to consider the operationalisation of ableism within the Australian social landscape.
Centralization of Pancreatic Surgery Improves Results: Review
Authors: Ahola R. , Sand J. , Laukkarinen J.
Published: January 2020

Background and Aims:

The effect of operation volume on the outcomes of pancreatic surgery has been a subject of research since the 1990s. In several countries around the world, this has led to the centralization of pancreatic surgery. However, controversy persists as to the benefits of centralization and what the optimal operation volume for pancreatic surgery actually is. This review summarizes the data on the effect of centralization on mortality, complications, hospital facilities used, and costs regarding pancreatic surgery.

Materials and Methods:

A systematic librarian-assisted search was performed in PubMed covering the years from August 1999 to August 2019. All studies comparing results of open pancreatic resections from high- and low-volume centers were included. In total 44, published articles were analyzed.

Results:

Studies used a variety of different criteria for high-volume and low-volume centers, which hampers the evaluating of the effect of operation volume. However, mortality in high-volume centers is consistently reported to be lower than in low-volume centers. In addition, failure to rescue critically ill patients is more common in low-volume centers. Cost-effectiveness has also been evaluated in the literature. Length of hospital stay in particular has been reported to be shorter in high-volume centers than in low-volume centers.

Conclusion:

The effect of centralization on the outcomes of pancreatic surgery has been under active research and the beneficial effect of it is associated especially with better short-term prognosis after surgery.
Determinants of cross-cutting discussion on Facebook: Political interest, news consumption, and strong-tie heterogeneity
Authors: Lu Yanqin , Lee Jae Kook
Published: January 2020

Scholarly debate persists as to whether the use of social networking sites (SNSs) encourages or discourages political discussion with people holding different opinions. Drawing on a national survey, this study focuses on Facebook and explores the predictors of cross-cutting discussion on this platform. The results reveal that political interest is positively associated with cross-cutting discussion and this relationship is mediated by the frequency of news consumption on Facebook, suggesting that Facebook use has the potential of exposing the politically attentive to dissonant views. Furthermore, the level of heterogeneity of a person’s strong-tie network is found to accentuate the mediating effect of Facebook news consumption. Implications are discussed for the impacts of Facebook use on deliberative democracy.
Ethnicity on the move: Understanding the ethnic identity construction of Zhuang university students experiencing educational mobility in China
Authors: Lu Juexuan , Guo Xiaoyan (Grace)
Published: January 2020

This qualitative study investigates a cohort of Zhuang university students’ perceptions of their ethnicity, and the way they construct and negotiate their ethnic identity as they migrate from an inland, ethnic, autonomous province to study in an eastern, coastal municipality. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The findings indicate that the construction of ethnic Zhuang identity is influenced by the interplay between institutional power, sociocultural environment and individual agency. Specifically, participants show three divergent patterns of ethnic identification, namely: receivers, who readily accept their official ethnic classification but have limited ethnic awareness; constructors, who have strong ethnic awareness and strive for ethnic language transmission and heritage culture protection; and utilizers, who are keen on the instrumental values brought by their ethnicity. It is further found that the Zhuang language does not facilitate or strengthen ethnic Zhuang identification due to differences among language varieties.