bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First-principles study of defects and doping limits in CaO
Authors: Yuan Zhenkun , Hautier Geoffroy
Published: June 2024

Calcium oxide (CaO) is a promising host for quantum defects because of its ultrawide bandgap and potential for long spin coherence times. Using hybrid functional calculations, we investigate the intrinsic point defects and how they limit Fermi-level positions and doping in CaO. We find calcium and oxygen vacancies to be the most common intrinsic defects, acting as compensating acceptors and donors, respectively. Oxygen interstitials are also prevailing under O-rich conditions and act as compensating donors. Due to compensation by these defects, O-poor conditions are required to dope CaO n-type, while O-rich conditions are required for p-type doping. We find that, at room temperature, intrinsic CaO can only achieve Fermi-level positions between 1.76 eV above the valence-band maximum (VBM) and 1.73 eV below the conduction-band minimum (CBM). If suitable shallow dopants are found, the allowed range of Fermi levels would increase to between VBM + 0.53 eV and CBM − 0.27 eV and is set by the compensating intrinsic defects. Additionally, we study hydrogen impurities, and show that hydrogen will not only limit p-type doping but can also act as shallow donor when substituting oxygen (HO defects).
Synchronization transitions in phase oscillator populations with partial adaptive coupling
Authors: Chen Zhenyu , Zheng Zhigang , Xu Can
Published: June 2024

The adaptation underlying many realistic processes plays a pivotal role in shaping the collective dynamics of diverse systems. Here, we untangle the generic conditions for synchronization transitions in a system of coupled phase oscillators incorporating the adaptive scheme encoded by the feedback between the coupling and the order parameter via a power-law function with different weights. We mathematically argue that, in the subcritical and supercritical correlation scenarios, there exists no critical adaptive fraction for synchronization transitions converting from the first (second)-order to the second (first)-order. In contrast to the synchronization transitions previously deemed, the explosive and continuous phase transitions take place in the corresponding regions as long as the adaptive fraction is nonzero, respectively. Nevertheless, we uncover that, at the critical correlation, the routes toward synchronization depend crucially on the relative adaptive weights. In particular, we unveil that the emergence of a range of interrelated scaling behaviors of the order parameter near criticality, manifesting the subcritical and supercritical bifurcations, are responsible for various observed phase transitions. Our work, thus, provides profound insights for understanding the dynamical nature of phase transitions, and for better controlling and manipulating synchronization transitions in networked systems with adaptation.
Multi-type synchronization for coupled van der Pol oscillator systems with multiple coupling modes
Authors: Wang Shuai , Yang Xue
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we investigate synchronous solutions of coupled van der Pol oscillator systems with multiple coupling modes using the theory of rotating periodic solutions. Multiple coupling modes refer to two or three types of coupling modes in van der Pol oscillator networks, namely, position, velocity, and acceleration. Rotating periodic solutions can represent various types of synchronous solutions corresponding to different phase differences of coupled oscillators. When matrices representing the topology of different coupling modes have symmetry, the overall symmetry of the oscillator system depends on the intersection of the symmetries of the different topologies, determining the type of synchronous solutions for the coupled oscillator network. When matrices representing the topology of different coupling modes lack symmetry, if the adjacency matrices representing different coupling modes can be simplified into structurally identical quotient graphs (where weights can be proportional) through the same external equitable partition, the symmetry of the quotient graph determines the synchronization type of the original system. All these results are consistent with multi-layer networks where connections between different layers are one-to-one.
Broadband nonreciprocal gyromagnetic metasurface via magnetic Kerker-type dimers
Authors: Zhang Yujie , Jing Liqiao , Niu Chuanning , Zhao Jia , Wang Zuojia
Published: June 2024

Optical nonreciprocity, stemming from the deviation of the Lorentz reciprocity theorem, holds significant interest in the realm of optics and electromagnetics. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate broadband nonreciprocal transmission via a low-biased magnetic Kerker-type dimer metasurface. The designed magneto-optical metasurface comprises three layers of metal sandwiched between two gyromagnetic near-zero thickness slabs. The Kerker-type dimers broaden the isolation bandwidth utilizing multiple resonances where the double-stacked metallic disks act as Kerker-type dipoles, enhancing the transmissibility of the metasurface. The multipole decomposition reveals that the magnetic dipole contribution arising from magnetization is the primary cause of the metasurface's nonreciprocal response. Microwave measurement demonstrates that the bandwidth for an isolation ratio exceeding 10 dB is over 3 GHz. The broadband nonreciprocal performance remains relatively stable, exhibiting strong robustness against the bias disturbance. Our findings provide an alternative avenue for enhancing broadband nonreciprocity transmission under a low-biased magnetic field.
Double distribution function-based lattice Boltzmann flux solver for simulation of compressible viscous flows
Authors: Song Yuxin , Yang Liming , Du Yinjie , Xiao Yang , Shu Chang
Published: June 2024

In this work, a double distribution function-based lattice Boltzmann flux solver (LBFS) is proposed for simulating compressible viscous flows. This approach utilizes the double distribution function compressible lattice Boltzmann model and employs Chapman–Enskog expansion analysis to connect the lattice Boltzmann equation (LBE) with the Navier–Stokes (N–S) equations. Unlike conventional computational fluid dynamics methods that compute inviscid and viscous fluxes separately, the present method simultaneously evaluates both types of fluxes at the cell interface by locally reconstructing the solution of the LBE. Recognizing the significance of considering the non-equilibrium part of distribution functions for viscous flows, a straightforward method is introduced to calculate this component. This facilitates the derivation of computational expressions for macroscopic conservative variables and fluxes in the N–S equations. To validate the accuracy and stability of the present numerical scheme, various benchmark problems, including shock tube problem, Couette flow, lid-driven cavity flow, and flow around the NACA0012 airfoil, are tested. The obtained numerical results are compared with analytical solutions or existing reference data, confirming the capability of the proposed LBFS to deliver accurate and stable numerical results for compressible flows. Moreover, this method demonstrates effectiveness in handling viscous flow problems on non-uniform grids and with curved boundaries.
Regularized relativistic corrections for polyelectronic and polyatomic systems with explicitly correlated Gaussians
Authors: Rácsai Balázs , Ferenc Dávid , Margócsy Ádám , Mátyus Edit
Published: June 2024

Drachmann’s regularization approach is implemented for floating explicitly correlated Gaussians (fECGs) and molecular systems. Earlier applications of drachmannized relativistic corrections for molecular systems were hindered due to the unknown analytic matrix elements of 1/rix1/rjy-type operators with fECGs. In the present work, one of the 1/r factors is approximated by a linear combination of Gaussians, which results in calculable integrals. The numerical approach is found to be precise and robust over a range of molecular systems and nuclear configurations, and thus, it opens the route toward an automated evaluation of high-precision relativistic corrections over potential energy surfaces of polyatomic systems. Furthermore, the newly developed integration approach makes it possible to construct the matrix representation of the square of the electronic Hamiltonian relevant for energy lower-bound as well as time-dependent computations of molecular systems with a flexible and high-precision fECG basis representation.
Deciphering the guanidinium cation: Insights into thermal diffusion
Authors: Rudani Binny A. , Jakubowski Andre , Kriegs Hartmut , Wiegand Simone
Published: June 2024

Thermophoresis, or thermodiffusion, is becoming a more popular method for investigating the interactions between proteins and ligands due to its high sensitivity to the interactions between solutes and water. Despite its growing use, the intricate mechanisms behind thermodiffusion remain unclear. This gap in knowledge stems from the complexities of thermodiffusion in solvents that have specific interactions as well as the intricate nature of systems that include many components with both non-ionic and ionic groups. To deepen our understanding, we reduce complexity by conducting systematic studies on aqueous salt solutions. In this work, we focused on how guanidinium salt solutions behave in a temperature gradient, using thermal diffusion forced Rayleigh scattering experiments at temperatures ranging from 15 to 35 °C. We looked at the thermodiffusive behavior of four guanidinium salts (thiocyanate, iodide, chloride, and carbonate) in solutions with concentrations ranging from 1 to 3 mol/kg. The guanidinium cation is disk-shaped and is characterized by flat hydrophobic surfaces and three amine groups, which enable directional hydrogen bonding along the edges. We compare our results to the behavior of salts with spherical cations, such as sodium, potassium, and lithium. Our discussions are framed around how different salts are solvated, specifically in the context of the Hofmeister series, which ranks ions based on their effects on the solvation of proteins.
Current and emerging feral cat management practices in Australia
Authors: Dorph A. , Ballard G. , Legge S. , Algar D. , Basnett G. , Buckmaster T. , Dunlop J. , Edwards A. M. , Hine A. , Knight A. R. , Marshall E. , McColl-Gausden S. C. , Pauza M. D. , Penman T. D.
Published: June 2024

Context Feral cats are responsible for the decline and extinction of species globally. Predation by feral cats is identified in Australian legislation as a key threatening process. However, clear guidance to local land managers on feral cat management techniques and their impacts, limitations and potential costs can be difficult to find. Aims In this study, feral cat management experts from around Australia identified available management techniques and their average environmental, social, and economic impact for different ecoregions and land-use types. Methods We convened a 1-day structured elicitation workshop with 19 experts and five facilitators. Experts identified the techniques used for feral cat management; the effectiveness, impact, and cost of each method; and the key knowledge gaps associated with feral cat management. Facilitators aided in the design and format of the workshop, led the discussion at each stage and collated the results. Key results Experts identified the following 10 techniques currently used in Australia: aerial baiting; ground baiting; leghold trapping; cage trapping; shooting; tracking with detector dogs; tracking by Indigenous Rangers; habitat modification; resource modification; and exclusion fencing. In general, experts highlighted that permits, legislation and scale of application constrained many of these techniques. Aerial baiting was considered the most effective technique for reducing feral cat populations in natural and production systems. Cage trapping, shooting, or tracking with detector dogs were considered more effective in residential areas. For all techniques, efficacy estimates varied according to the following three broad vegetation structural regions: (1) deserts and xeric shrublands; (2) forests and woodlands; and (3) grasslands, savannas and shrublands. Techniques considered to have the lowest social tolerance and highest impact to non-target native species included aerial baiting, ground baiting and leghold trapping. Techniques considered to have high social tolerance and low impact on non-target species included tracking by Rangers, tracking with detector dogs, and habitat and resource modification. Conclusions Estimates of management action efficacy differ among land-use types and at least three vegetation structural regions. However, social licence, logistic and legislative constraints are the key drivers of the availability of methods for these areas. Implications Feral cat management programs should consider how program strategy can be prioritised on the basis of technique availability, region of use and expected impact.
Developmental hearing loss–induced perceptual deficits are rescued by genetic restoration of cortical inhibition
Authors: Masri Samer , Mowery Todd M. , Fair Regan , Sanes Dan H.
Published: June 2024

Even a transient period of hearing loss during the developmental critical period can induce long-lasting deficits in temporal and spectral perception. These perceptual deficits correlate with speech perception in humans. In gerbils, these hearing loss–induced perceptual deficits are correlated with a reduction of both ionotropic GABA
A
and metabotropic GABA
B
receptor–mediated synaptic inhibition in auditory cortex, but most research on critical period plasticity has focused on GABA
A
receptors. Therefore, we developed viral vectors to express proteins that would upregulate gerbil postsynaptic inhibitory receptor subunits (GABA
A
,
Gabra1
; GABA
B
,
Gabbr1b
) in pyramidal neurons, and an enzyme that mediates GABA synthesis (
GAD65
) presynaptically in parvalbumin-expressing interneurons. A transient period of developmental hearing loss during the auditory critical period significantly impaired perceptual performance on two auditory tasks: amplitude modulation depth detection and spectral modulation depth detection. We then tested the capacity of each vector to restore perceptual performance on these auditory tasks. While both GABA receptor vectors increased the amplitude of cortical inhibitory postsynaptic potentials, only viral expression of postsynaptic GABA
B
receptors improved perceptual thresholds to control levels. Similarly, presynaptic GAD65 expression improved perceptual performance on spectral modulation detection. These findings suggest that recovering performance on auditory perceptual tasks depends on GABA
B
receptor-dependent transmission at the auditory cortex parvalbumin to pyramidal synapse and point to potential therapeutic targets for developmental sensory disorders.
Variant patterns of sibilant debuccalization in Camuno
Authors: Blevins Juliette , Cresci Michela
Published: June 2024

Some varieties of Camuno, an Eastern Lombard variety spoken in Valcamonica, Italy, show clear evidence of what
appears to be an unconditioned sound change of S > h, where S had [s] and [θ] variants (Bonfadini 1995a; Cresci 2014). However,
neighboring varieties in the upper parts of the valley retain inherited S and, in at least one village, Cerveno,
debuccalization is limited to intervocalic position. In this study, we attempt to explain dialect variation in Camuno in terms of
s-debuccalization as a lenition process within the general framework of Evolutionary Phonology (Blevins 2004a, 2006, 2015) building on the typology established by Ferguson (1990).
The probability of articulatory undershoot is greatest in the V_V environment, and all dialects with S > h
show the sound change in this context. In medial clusters like rS, lS, nS, where there is articulatory overlap
and longer sustained constriction, articulatory undershoot is less likely, and S is most likely to be maintained, as it is in
Cerveno. A treatment of S > h as lenition implies that [s] and [θ] were produced with spread vocal folds in languages where
this sound change has been observed. Here we offer additional evidence for aspiration as an active feature in Camuno phonology and
suggest possible origins of this feature during the long period of contact with Longobardic. Another central issue explored in
this study are phonetic factors that might differentiate intervocalic s > h from s > h that originates in the syllable coda,
as in many varieties of Spanish.
Sustainable Tourism in Galapagos: The Perception of the Stakeholders
Authors: Soto-Navarrete Lady Maria , Saladié Òscar
Published: June 2024

The Galapagos Islands (Ecuador) are a living laboratory and a sensitive area where, among other activities, tourism is performed. The unique flora, fauna, and landscapes motivate thousands of people to visit the islands every year, generating economic benefits and various considerations regarding environmental issues.

Information

© The Authors 2024
Intraflagellar transport speed is sensitive to genetic and mechanical perturbations to flagellar beating
Authors: Gray Sophie , Fort Cecile , Wheeler Richard John
Published: June 2024

Two sets of motor proteins underpin motile cilia/flagella function. The axoneme-associated inner and outer dynein arms drive sliding of adjacent axoneme microtubule doublets to periodically bend the flagellum for beating, while intraflagellar transport (IFT) kinesins and dyneins carry IFT trains bidirectionally along the axoneme. Despite assembling motile cilia and flagella, IFT train speeds have only previously been quantified in immobilized flagella—mechanical immobilization or genetic paralysis. This has limited investigation of the interaction between IFT and flagellar beating. Here, in uniflagellate Leishmania parasites, we use high-frequency, dual-color fluorescence microscopy to visualize IFT train movement in beating flagella. We discovered that adhesion of flagella to a microscope slide is detrimental, reducing IFT train speed and increasing train stalling. In flagella free to move, IFT train speed is not strongly dependent on flagella beat type; however, permanent disruption of flagella beating by deletion of genes necessary for formation or regulation of beating showed an inverse correlation of beat frequency and IFT train speed.
Studying the breakdown electric field in uniform and non-uniform air gaps
Authors: Riba Jordi-Roger
Published: June 2024

High voltage is essential in power grids, but it inevitably leads to high electrical stress and the associated risk of electrical discharges. Due to the complexity of the phenomena involved in electrical discharges, there are no analytical formulas for predicting the electric field strength at which they initiate, so experimental data and numerical methods are required for this purpose. According to many sources, electrical discharges can occur in air at normal pressure and temperature when the electric field strength is approximately 3 kV mm−1 or greater. This paper analyzes and discusses this threshold in detail by examining relevant electrode geometries used in high voltage applications from experimental data found in the scientific literature and using 2D finite element analysis simulations. Uniform, quasi-uniform, and non-uniform field gaps are analyzed to help students draw conclusions and gain insight into the nature of gas breakdown and the applicability of the 3 kV mm−1 threshold. The approach proposed in this paper is well suited for a practical session or group project for undergraduate or even graduate courses. Despite the important effects and design implications of electrical discharges on high voltage equipment, apparatus and systems, this topic is often not covered in sufficient detail in regular courses.
Uncertainty quantification for goal-oriented inverse problems via variational encoder-decoder networks
Authors: Afkham Babak Maboudi , Chung Julianne , Chung Matthias
Published: June 2024

In this work, we describe a new approach that uses variational encoder-decoder (VED) networks for efficient uncertainty quantification for goal-oriented inverse problems. Contrary to standard inverse problems, these approaches are goal-oriented in that the goal is to estimate some quantities of interest (QoI) that are functions of the solution of an inverse problem, rather than the solution itself. Moreover, we are interested in computing uncertainty metrics associated with the QoI, thus utilizing a Bayesian approach for inverse problems that incorporates the prediction operator and techniques for exploring the posterior. This may be particularly challenging, especially for nonlinear, possibly unknown, operators and nonstandard prior assumptions. We harness recent advances in machine learning, i.e. VED networks, to describe a data-driven approach to large-scale inverse problems. This enables a real-time uncertainty quantification for the QoI. One of the advantages of our approach is that we avoid the need to solve challenging inversion problems by training a network to approximate the mapping from observations to QoI. Another main benefit is that we enable uncertainty quantification for the QoI by leveraging probability distributions in the latent and target spaces. This allows us to efficiently generate QoI samples and circumvent complicated or even unknown forward models and prediction operators. Numerical results from medical tomography reconstruction and nonlinear hydraulic tomography demonstrate the potential and broad applicability of the approach.
Impact of quantum size effects to the band gap of catalytic materials: a computational perspective*
Authors: Inico Elisabetta , Saetta Clara , Di Liberto Giovanni
Published: June 2024

The evolution of nanotechnology has facilitated the development of catalytic materials with controllable composition and size, reaching the sub-nanometer limit. Nowadays, a viable strategy for tailoring and optimizing the catalytic activity involves controlling the size of the catalyst. This strategy is underpinned by the fact that the properties and reactivity of objects with dimensions on the order of nanometers can differ from those of the corresponding bulk material, due to the emergence of quantum size effects. Quantum size effects have a deep influence on the band gap of semiconducting catalytic materials. Computational studies are valuable for predicting and estimating the impact of quantum size effects. This perspective emphasizes the crucial role of modeling quantum size effects when simulating nanostructured catalytic materials. It provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles governing the physics of quantum confinement in various experimentally observable nanostructures. Furthermore, this work may serve as a tutorial for modeling the electronic gap of simple nanostructures, highlighting that when working at the nanoscale, the finite dimensions of the material lead to an increase of the band gap because of the emergence of quantum confinement. This aspect is sometimes overlooked in computational chemistry studies focused on surfaces and nanostructures.
Impact of electrical polarization in the production of hydroxyapatite on ZnO substituted 45S5 bioglass
Authors: Singh Akanksha , Jaiswal Shubham , Singh Preetam , Pyare Ram
Published: June 2024

In the present investigation, we show the role of dielectric permittivity in the growth of hydroxyl carbonate apatite over ZnO-substituted 45S5 bioglass. ZnO is incorporated here in 45S5 bioglass because of its incipient dielectricity. Zinc is a necessary element for the formation, mineralization, development and maintenance of healthy bones. Here, the bioactive glass ZBG, having the general composition of 46.1 SiO2, 26.9 CaO, 2.6 P2O5, 24.4-X Na2O, and X ZnO (here X = 0 to 3 mole %), was synthesized using the traditional melting technique. The ZBG bioglass samples underwent electro-thermal poling with a voltage value of 10 kV at a temperature of 500 °C for 1 h. The impact of substituting Na2O with ZnO on the in-vitro bioactive property following submersion in simulated bodily fluid (SBF) was examined using the Fourier transform of infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). A comparison has been made between the dielectric constant (ε) and alternating current conductivity of unpolarized and polarized hydroxyl carbonate apatite (HCA) formed samples subjected to a 90 kV cm−1 polarisation field. Additionally, the influence of electrical poling on the ZBG samples that were created was examined via the use of XRD, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) research. The dielectric characteristics of bioactive glasses were improved by substituting Na2O with ZnO, as seen in the study. The ZBG samples immersed in SBF solution enhance the hydroxyl calcium phosphate precipitation process due to electrical interaction with the polarized sample. This result shows us that N-poled samples are more suitable for orthopaedic applications. Thus, our main aim of the present investigation is to increase the bioactivity of 45S5 glasses substituted with ZnO after polarization, which will be more suitable for orthopaedic implants.
Research on quantum correlations and Uhlmann phase in two-fermion mixed state system
Authors: Yao Wei-Min , Fan Xiao-Gang , Song Xue-Ke , Wang Dong , Ye Liu
Published: June 2024

Geometric phase, characterized by its unique properties has been an interesting subject since the discovery of Berry phase. A state inevitably becomes a mixed state in the environment. Uhlmann phase can be applied to mixed states and may be the generalization of Berry phase. In this paper, we use a pair of interacting spin-1/2 fermions, where one particle is influenced by an external magnetic field, while the other remains unaffected, to investigate quantum correlations and Uhlmann phase, we define g, p as the ratio of the particle coupling intensity to the magnetic field, and q as the depolarization parameter. Through calculation, we get the specific parameter range q of steering and Bell nonlocality under the depolarized noise channel,

q
∈

0
,
1
−

4
+

g

2

4
+
2

g

2

(steering) and

q
∈

0
,
1
−

4
+

g

2

4
+
3

g

2

(Bell nonlocality). Moreover, by using Uhlmann phase, we obtain a simple discrimination criterion of the steerability (Bell nonlocality) of the mixed system.
Memory effect of gravitational wave pulses in PP-wave spacetimes
Authors: Datta Sucheta , Guha Sarbari
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we study the gravitational memory effect in pp-wave spacetimes due to the passage of a pulse having the form of a ramp profile through this spacetime. We have analyzed the effect of this pulse on the evolution of nearby geodesics, and have determined analytical solutions of the geodesic equations in the Brinkmann coordinates. We have also examined the changes in the separation between a pair of geodesics and their velocity profiles. The separation (along x or y-direction) increases monotonically from an initial constant value. In contrast, the relative velocity grows from zero and settles to a final non-zero constant value. These resulting changes are retained as memory after the pulse dies out. The nature of this memory is similar to that determined by earlier workers using Gaussian, square, and other pulse profiles, thereby validating the universality of gravitational wave memory.
Automatic classification of multi-carrier modulation signal using STFT spectrogram and deep CNN
Authors: Tailor Anshul , Dua Mohit , Verma Pankaj
Published: June 2024

In the realm of communication systems, categorizing Multi-Carrier Modulation (MCM) signals without cooperative communication poses a significant technical challenge. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach for accurately categorizing five distinct MCM signals, including Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC), Filtered Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (FOFDM), Windowed Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (WOLA), and Universal Filtered Multicarrier (UFMC). Each signal is considered with two types of subcarrier waveforms, Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 16 (QAM16) and Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 64 (QAM64), resulting in a total of 10 unique MCM signals for classification. Our proposed methodology leverages Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) spectrograms for feature extraction at the frontend, while at the backend, we employ three variants of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models; CNN, CNN with Dropout (CNN_d), CNN with both Dropout and L1 Regularization (CNN_dL1) and one deep CNN model; Xception, individually. We aim to provide an efficient and reliable means of categorizing MCM signals, with practical applications in signal processing and communication systems. Extensive simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, achieving remarkable accuracies. Notably, the Xception model exhibits the highest accuracy among the four models considered. Specifically, we attain an accuracy of 98% at 10 dB SNR using the Xception model. These results underscore the efficacy of our proposed methodology and highlight the potential for its deployment in real-world scenarios.
Atmospheric turbulence recognition with deep learning models for sinusoidal hyperbolic hollow Gaussian beams-based free-space optical communication links
Authors: Elmabruk Kholoud , Adem Kemal , Kılıçarslan Serhat
Published: June 2024

The integration of artificial intelligence technology to improve the performance of free-space optical communication (FSO) systems has received increasing interest. This study aims to propose a novel approach based on deep learning techniques for detecting turbulence-induced distortion levels in FSO communication links. The deep learning-based models improved and fine-tuned in this work are trained using a dataset containing the intensity profiles of Sinusoidal hyperbolic hollow Gaussian beams (ShHGBs). The intensity profiles included in the dataset are the ones of ShHGBs propagating for 6 km under the influence of six different atmospheric turbulence strengths. This study presents deep learning-based Resnet-50, EfficientNet, MobileNetV2, DenseNet121 and Improved+MobileNetV2 approaches for turbulence-induced disturbance detection and experimental evaluation results. In order to compare the experimental results, an evaluation is made by considering the accuracy, precision, recall, and f1-score criteria. As a result of the experimental evaluation, the average values for accuracy, precision, recall and F-score with the best performance of the improved method are given; average accuracy 0.8919, average precision 0.8933, average recall 0.8955 and average F-score 0.8944. The obtained results have immense potential to address the challenges associated with the turbulence effects on the performance of FSO systems.
Performance optimization of AlGaAs and Al

x

Ga
1−x

As based SM-TM-DG-JL-TFET for an analog/RF applications
Authors: Tamilarasi R , Karthik S
Published: June 2024

This study aims to enhance the efficiency of the Double Gate-Junctionless-Tunnel Field Effect Transistor (DG-JL-TFET) by optimizing the utilization of AlGaAs and GaAs/Si/AlGaAs-based Single Material and Tri-Material (SM and TM) configurations.In order to overcome the drawbacks of present TFET architectures, such as their limited ability to drive current and their ambipolar behaviour, and to enhance the on-state current, To execute our suggested SM-TM-DG-JL-TFET configuration. The TM structure exhibits a greater on-state current (I

on
) and a lower SubthersholdSwing (SS) in comparison to SM structures. This study quantifies the Unit-gain-current-cut-off-frequency (f

t
) and Maximum oscillation frequency

f

max

by manipulating geometric parameters such as gate length(l

g
), gate-oxide thickness, and Channel thickness. The TM structure exhibits a significantly greater on-state current (I

on
) of 14 × 10−3 A. Compared to SM structures, while simultaneously reducing the off-state current (I

off
), subthreshold swing (SS), and threshold voltage (V

t
). TM structures exhibit higher values of f

t
and

f

max

in DG-JL-TFET due to their enhanced output conductance compared to SM structures. The device exhibits potential for future low-power-RF applications due to its significant values of f

t
and

f

max

.
Dust particle surface potential in an argon-helium plasma using the (r,q)-distribution function
Authors: Raffah Bahaaudin M , Abid A A , Khan Abdullah , Esmaeili Amin , Al-Hadeethi Yas , Qureshi M N S
Published: June 2024

In this paper, the dust particle surface potential for argon-helium plasma is evaluated analytically and numerically in the context of negatively charged dust particles by employing a power-law

r
,
q

-distribution function. Recent studies have reported the argon-helium plasma and conducted a brief theoretical and experimental survey. To deepen our understanding further, this study aims to analyze the argon-helium plasma comprehensively using the same pattern but with the

r
,
q

-distribution function. For this purpose, the current balance equations are derived for electron, helium and argon ions, when these charge species attain the quasineutrality condition. We numerically examined the currents of plasma species for a broad range of effective distribution function parameters

r

and

q
.

It is revealed that the surface potential of dust particles is significantly affected by the parameters

r

and

q
,

helium ion-to-electron temperature ratio, argon ion-to-electron temperature ratio, and helium ion to argon ion number density ratio. By incorporating the multi-ion (argon-helium) species, the significance of low-temperature non-Maxwellian dusty (complex) plasma is briefly examined.
CRB: A new rumor blocking algorithm in online social networks based on competitive spreading model and influence maximization
Authors: Dong 董 Chen 晨 , Xu 徐 Gui-Qiong 桂琼 , Meng 孟 Lei 蕾
Published: June 2024

The virtuality and openness of online social platforms make networks a hotbed for the rapid propagation of various rumors. In order to block the outbreak of rumor, one of the most effective containment measures is spreading positive information to counterbalance the diffusion of rumor. The spreading mechanism of rumors and effective suppression strategies are significant and challenging research issues. Firstly, in order to simulate the dissemination of multiple types of information, we propose a competitive linear threshold model with state transition (CLTST) to describe the spreading process of rumor and anti-rumor in the same network. Subsequently, we put forward a community-based rumor blocking (CRB) algorithm based on influence maximization theory in social networks. Its crucial step is to identify a set of influential seeds that propagate anti-rumor information to other nodes, which includes community detection, selection of candidate anti-rumor seeds and generation of anti-rumor seed set. Under the CLTST model, the CRB algorithm has been compared with six state-of-the-art algorithms on nine online social networks to verify the performance. Experimental results show that the proposed model can better reflect the process of rumor propagation, and review the propagation mechanism of rumor and anti-rumor in online social networks. Moreover, the proposed CRB algorithm has better performance in weakening the rumor dissemination ability, which can select anti-rumor seeds in networks more accurately and achieve better performance in influence spread, sensitivity analysis, seeds distribution and running time.
Detecting short-term gravitational waves from post-merger hyper-massive neutron stars with a kilohertz detector
Authors: Chen 陈 Yikang 奕康 , Zhu 朱 Zong-Hong 宗宏
Published: June 2024

Gravitational waves emanating from binary neutron star inspirals, alongside electromagnetic transients resulting from the aftermath of the GW170817 merger, have been successfully detected. However, the intricate post-merger dynamics that bridge these two sets of observables remain enigmatic. This includes if, and when, the post-merger remnant star collapses to a black hole, and what are the necessary conditions to power a short gamma-ray burst, and other observed electromagnetic counterparts. Our focus is on the detection of gravitational wave (GW) emissions from hyper-massive neutron stars (NSs) formed through binary neutron star (BNS) mergers. Utilizing several kilohertz GW detectors, we simulate BNS mergers within the detection limits of LIGO-Virgo-KARGA O4. Our objective is to ascertain the fraction of simulated sources that may emit detectable post-merger GW signals. For kilohertz detectors equipped with a new cavity design, we estimate that approximately 1.1%–32% of sources would emit a detectable post-merger GW signal. This fraction is contingent on the mass converted into gravitational wave energy, ranging from 0.01M
sun to 0.1M
sun. Furthermore, by evaluating other well-regarded proposed kilohertz GW detectors, we anticipate that the fraction can increase to as much as 2.1%–61% under optimal performance conditions.
Micron-sized fiber diamond probe for quantum precision measurement of microwave magnetic field
Authors: Lu 卢 Wen-Tao 文韬 , Xia 夏 Sheng-Kai 圣开 , Chen 陈 Ai-Qing 爱庆 , He 何 Kang-Hao 康浩 , Xu 许 Zeng-Bo 增博 , Chen 陈 Yi-Han 艺涵 , Wang 汪 Yang 洋 , Ge 葛 Shi-Yu 仕宇 , An 安 Si-Han 思瀚 , Wu 吴 Jian-Fei 建飞 , Ma 马 Yi-Han 艺菡 , Du 杜 Guan-Xiang 关祥
Published: June 2024

We present a quantitative measurement of the horizontal component of the microwave magnetic field of a coplanar waveguide using a quantum diamond probe in fiber format. The measurement results are compared in detail with simulation, showing a good consistence. Further simulation shows fiber diamond probe brings negligible disturbance to the field under measurement compared to bulk diamond. This method will find important applications ranging from electromagnetic compatibility test and failure analysis of high frequency and high complexity integrated circuits.
Observation of H i around three Satellite Galaxies of M31 with FAST: Andromeda II, NGC 205, and NGC 185
Authors: Liu Ziming , Wang Jie , Jing Yingjie , Xu Chen , Liang Tiantian , Chen Qingze , Liu Zerui , Hou Zhipeng , Wang Yougang
Published: June 2024

With the exceptional sensitivity of the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope, we conducted observations of the neutral hydrogen (H i) in the circumgalactic medium of Andromeda’s (M31) satellite galaxies, specifically Andromeda II, NGC 205, and NGC 185. Initially, three drift scans were executed for these satellites, with a detection limit of 4 × 1018 cm−2 (approximately 1.88 × 103
M
⊙ of H i mass), followed by a more in-depth scan of a specific region. We discovered a C-shaped H i arc structure sharing a position and line-of-sight velocity similar to a stellar ring structure around Andromeda II, hinting at a potential connection with Andromeda II. In the context of NGC 205, we identified two mass concentrations in the northeast direction, which could be indicative of tidal streams resulting from the interaction between this galaxy and M31. These new lumps discovered could be very helpful in solving the missing interstellar medium problem for NGC 205. Observations regarding NGC 185 are consistent with previous studies, and we did not detect any additional H i material around this galaxy. These observational results enhance our understanding of the evolution of these satellite galaxies and provide insight into their historical interactions with the galaxy M31.
Formation of Superthin Galaxies in IllustrisTNG
Authors: Hu Jianhong , Xu Dandan , Li Cheng
Published: June 2024

Superthin galaxies are observed to have stellar disks with extremely small minor-to-major axis ratios. In this work, we investigate the formation of superthin galaxies in the TNG100 simulation. We trace the merger history and investigate the evolution of galaxy properties of a selected sample of superthin galaxies and a control sample of galaxies that share the same joint probability distribution in the stellar-mass and color diagram. Through making comparisons between the two galaxy samples, we find that present-day superthin galaxies had similar morphologies as the control sample counterparts at higher redshifts, but have developed extended flat “superthin” morphologies since z ∼ 1. During this latter evolution stage, superthin galaxies undergo an overwhelmingly higher frequency of prograde mergers (with orbit-spin angle θ
orb ≤ 40°). Accordingly the spins of their dark matter halos have grown significantly and become noticeably higher than those of their normal disk counterparts. This further results in the buildup of their stellar disks at larger distances much beyond the regimes of normal disk galaxies. We also discuss the formation scenario of those superthin galaxies that live in larger dark matter halos as satellite galaxies therein.
Observation of Complex Organic Molecules Containing Peptide-like Bonds Toward Hot Core G358.93–0.03 MM1
Authors: Manna Arijit , Pal Sabyasachi
Published: June 2024

In star formation regions, the complex organic molecules (COMs) that contain peptide bonds (–NH–C(=O)–) play a major role in the metabolic process because –NH–C(=O)– is connected to amino acids (R-CHNH2–COOH). Over the past few decades, many COMs containing peptide-like bonds have been detected in hot molecular cores (HMCs), hot corinos, and cold molecular clouds, however, their prebiotic chemistry is poorly understood. We present the first detection of the rotational emission lines of formamide (NH2CHO) and isocyanic acid (HNCO), which contain peptide-like bonds toward the chemically rich HMC G358.93–0.03 MM1, using high-resolution and high-sensitivity Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array bands 6 and 7. We estimate that the column densities of NH2CHO and HNCO toward G358.93–0.03 MM1 are (2.80 ± 0.29) × 1015 cm−2 and (1.80 ± 0.42) × 1016 cm−2 with excitation temperatures of 165 ± 21 K and 170 ± 32 K, respectively. The fractional abundances of NH2CHO and HNCO toward G358.93–0.03 MM1 are (9.03 ± 1.44) × 10−10 and (5.80 ± 2.09) × 10−9. We compare the estimated abundances of NH2CHO and HNCO with the existing three-phase warm-up chemical model abundance values and notice that the observed and modeled abundances are very close. We conclude that NH2CHO is produced by the reaction of NH2 and H2CO in the gas phase toward G358.93–0.03 MM1. Likewise, HNCO is produced on the surface of grains by the reaction of NH and CO toward G358.93–0.03 MM1. We also find that NH2CHO and HNCO are chemically linked toward G358.93–0.03 MM1.
Inter-ELM pedestal turbulence dynamics dependence on q95 and temperature gradient
Authors: Yan Z. , McKee G.R. , Xia J. , Jian X. , Groebner R. , Rhodes T. , Barada K. , Haskey S. , Chen J. , Banerjee S. , Laggner F. ,   the DIII-D Team
Published: June 2024

A series of dedicated experiments from the DIII-D tokamak provide spatially and temporally resolved measurements of electron density and temperature, and multiscale and multichannel fluctuations over a wide range of conditions. Measurements of long wavelength density fluctuations in the type-I ELMing H-mode pedestals routinely reveal a coexistence of multiple instabilities that exhibit dramatic different dynamic behaviors as q95 and temperature gradients are varied, apparently responsible for limiting pedestal temperature profiles. Two distinct frequency bands of density fluctuations are modulated by an ELM cycle with frequency above 200 kHz propagating in the electron diamagnetic direction in the lab frame (electron mode) and below 200 kHz propagating in the ion diamagnetic direction (ion mode). The electron mode amplitude peaks near the electron temperature gradient region and increases with q95 which seems to be correlated with the increased χe
at higher q95, similar to the characteristics expected for the micro-tearing mode (MTM). At higher q95, during the inter-ELM period, the ion mode decays at the later phase of the ELM cycle. Consistently, the poloidal correlation length of the ion mode is also found to reduce, which suggests the possible E × B flow shear suppression of the ion mode at the later phase of the ELM cycle as the Er
well recovers. In contrast, the electron mode grows during the ELM cycle and reaches saturation at around 50%–60% of the ELM period. Linear gyrokinetic simulations find the MTMs to be the most unstable mode in the pedestal electron temperature gradient region. The higher q95 and lower magnetic shear destabilize the MTMs. These observations provide key insights into the underlying physics of multifield properties and a rich dataset of experimental ‘fingerprints’ that enable new tests of theoretical pedestal models and lead to the development of a predictive model for pedestal formation on the ITER and future burning plasma experiments.
An effort to distinguish the effects of cloud cover and aerosols on the decadal variations of surface solar radiation in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Jiao Boyang , Su Yucheng , Li Zichen , Liao Longshi , Li Qingxiang , Wild Martin
Published: June 2024

Surface solar radiation (SSR) serves as the primary energy source on Earth. However, a relative lack of research systematically quantifies long-term SSR variations and their driving factors based on complete and reliable baseline data. This paper presents a new assessment of the Northern Hemisphere/regional SSR variations and the influence of total cloud cover (TCC) on these variations, based on the latest reconstructed SSR gridded dataset. We also address multicollinearity among multiple aerosol types and quantify the effects of multiple aerosol/precursors on SSR variability using a partial least squares regression model. The results indicate that TCC is not the predominant driver of longer-term SSR variations, known as ‘dimming’ and ‘brightening’. The variations of NH3 and SO2 primarily drive inter-decadal SSR variations in North America, while the variations of SO2 and NO
X
mainly influence inter-decadal SSR variations in Europe.
Variations on the Choi–Jamiołkowski isomorphism
Authors: Frembs Markus , Cavalcanti Eric G
Published: June 2024

The Choi–Jamiołkowski isomorphism is an essential component in every quantum information theorist’s toolkit: it allows to identify linear maps between two quantum systems with linear operators on the composite system. Here, we analyse this widely used gadget from a new perspective. Namely, we explicitly distinguish between its kinematical and dynamical properties, that is, we study the isomorphism on two different levels: Jordan algebras and the different

C
∗

-algebras they arise from, which are distinguished by their order of composition. A number of important and novel insights stem from our analysis. We find that Choi’s theorem, which asserts that Choi’s version of the isomorphism (Choi 1975 Lin. Alg. Appl.
10 285) further maps the positive cone of completely positive linear maps (such as quantum channels) to the cone of positive linear operators (such as quantum states) on the composite system, crucially depends on the dynamical structure in

C
∗

-algebras. We explain in detail how this dependence gives rise to the mismatch between the basis-dependence of Choi’s version of the isomorphism, and the basis-independent version by Jamiołkowski (1972 Rep. Math. Phys.
3 275). We then overcome this subtle but pervasive issue in a number of ways: first, we prove a version of Choi’s theorem for Jamiołkowski’s isomorphism, second, we define a basis-independent variant of Choi’s isomorphism and, third, by making explicit the dynamical distinction between Jordan and

C
∗

-algebras, we combine the different variants of the isomorphism into a unified description, that subsumes their individual features. We also embed and interpret our results in the graphical calculus of categorical quantum mechanics.