bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Der digitale Euro aus einer historischen Perspektive
Authors: Greitens Jan
Published: December 2023

The introduction of a digital currency is part of the continuous evolution of the financial system, which has always been driven by technological innovations. For the first time in many years, Western central banks are exposed to potential currency competition. But a digital euro also has the potential to affect the two-tier structure of the grown financial system. The ECB should not engage in an interest rate competition with commercial banks and the digital currency should remain non-interest-bearing. Instead of imposing holding limits, notice periods could also be used to reduce the risk of bank runs. The ECB should limit itself and implement a hybrid digital central bank currency.
Attraktive Finanzbildung für junge Menschen mit CashCoach
Authors: Ambacher Thorben , Cziriak Marius , Dorn Georg , Franz Viola , Härtweg Leonie , Keller Antonia Katharina , Nothdurft Hannah , Uhlig Carolin , Vogler Manuel , Voronkoff Boris
Published: December 2023

Financial education can sustainably improve the financial behaviour of young adults, empower them in their decisions and help them recognise opportunities and risks. Digital tools linking financial content with innovative learning methods have an outstanding potential to be an attractive offer for younger individuals. An app that includes interactive game elements was developed by students from St. Michael Schwäbisch Hall high school for the YES! – Young Economic Solutions student competition and won the “Best Scientific Analysis Award”.
Politökonomische Reaktivierung des Ruhrgebiets durch neue staatliche Institutionen
Authors: van de Loo Kai , Hanske Julia
Published: December 2023

The Ruhr area is not only the former heartland of industry in Germany, but still the largest urban agglomeration and now the region with the highest density of universities. Yet, after decades of deep structural change leading away from coal and steel, the region is still marked by ongoing structural weaknesses and chronically high unemployment rates. At the same time, it has relatively poor public institutions. Therefore, it is time to think outside the box. We propose a new approach with ten concrete ideas for regional support by the establishment of new public institutions in the Ruhr area.
Diagnosis and management of erythroderma; a systematic review
Authors: Albalawi Hani , Altemani Abdulaziz , Alhweiti Abdulrahman , Alatawi Mazen , Albalawi Abdulaziz , Alharthi Faisal , Alatawi Saleh , Alghamdi Mohammed , Alamrani Bandar , Algrani Maram
Published: December 2023

Erythroderma, a condition characterized by diffuse erythema and scaling covering at least 90 percent of the skin\'s surface, poses a serious and potentially life-threatening threat. This systematic study aimed to establish diagnosis and management guidelines for erythroderma. Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive review was conducted using PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Embase databases focusing on English-language articles from 2010 to 2023. From 279 studies, seven articles were included, mainly comprising surveys and analyses of national databases. Erythroderma, as a clinical sign, can manifest as a consequence of various cutaneous and systemic diseases, drug hypersensitivity reactions, and rarely, Sezary syndrome. In pediatric patients, the clinical presentation encompasses a spectrum of acquired and inherited diseases, including infections, inflammatory skin conditions, ichthyoses, and congenital immunodeficiencies. Diagnosing erythroderma proves challenging due to its syndromatic nature, presenting with nonspecific clinical features. Dermatologists must diligently seek cause-oriented clues, employing multiple biopsies to enhance diagnostic accuracy. Initial management should include nutritional expert evaluation, assessment of fluid imbalance, skin barrier maintenance, sedative anti-histamines, and exclusion of secondary bacterial infection. Given its life-threatening potential, erythroderma might necessitate hospitalization. This study provides valuable insights into the complexities of erythroderma diagnosis and highlights essential considerations for effective management.
Gambaran Tipe Sel Kanker Paru Berdasarkan Usia, Jenis Kelamin, dan Paparan Rokok di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang Tahun 2018-2020
Authors: Salsabila Syifa , Intan Shinta Ayu , Fitrina Dewi Wahyu
Published: December 2023

Latar Belakang: Karsinoma paru adalah keganasan yang terdapat pada paru-paru, mencakup karsinoma paru primer yang berasal dari paru sendiri dan sekunder yang berasal dari metastasis organ lain. Karsinoma paru menjadi penyebab utama kematian akibat kanker. Karsinoma paru terbagi atas dua bentuk berdasakan subtipe sel yaitu small cell lung cancer (SCLC) dan non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Objektif: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran tipe sel karsinoma paru primer berdasarkan klasifikasi WHO tahun 2021 pada usia, jenis kelamin, dan paparan rokok di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang tahun 2018-2020.
Metode: Penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan mengambil data sekunder berupa rekam medis pasien karsinoma paru primer di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang tahun 2018-2020 menggunakan teknik total sampling. Variabel yang diambil adalah jenis sel, usia, jenis kelamin, dan riwayat merokok.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian didapatkan total kasus Karsinoma Paru Primer adalah 372 kasus dengan 192 kasus yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Jenis sel terbanyak adalah adenokarsinoma (60,4%), kelompok usia ≥40 tahun (96,4%) jenis kelamin laki-laki (75%), dan merokok (74%). Gambaran jenis sel karsinoma paru primer berdasarkan klasifikasi WHO tahun 2021 menunjukkan adenokarsinoma sebagai tipe sel terbanyak pada setiap variabel yaitu pada laki-laki, perempuan, usia <40 tahun, usia ≥40 tahun, perokok, terpapar asap rokok, dan bukan perokok.
Kesimpulan: Jenis sel karsinoma paru primer terbanyak adalah adenokarsinoma, mayoritas usia ≥40 tahun, sebagian besar laki-laki, sebagian besar merokok.
Kata Kunci: Karsinoma paru primer, jenis sel, usia, jenis kelamin, paparan rokok.
Hubungan Kualitas Antenatal Care dengan Kejadian Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah di Puskesmas Andalas Tahun 2021
Authors: Najla Azarine Shidqi , Afdal Afdal , Muhammad Syamel
Published: December 2023

Latar Belakang: Bayi berat lahir rendah adalah suatu kondisi ketika bayi lahir dengan berat di bawah 2.500 gram tanpa menghitung usia gestasi. Banyak faktor yang dapat menyebabkan bayi berat lahir rendah, salah satunya adalah kualitas antenatal care ibu selama kehamilan.
Objektif: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan kejadian bayi berat lahir rendah dengan kualitas antenatal care di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Andalas tahun 2021.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan desain cross sectional pada 43 ibu yang melahirkan tahun 2021 di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Andalas yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni 2023. Subjek pada penelitian ini dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan melakukan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner antenatal care dan observasi buku KIA. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan frekuensi bayi berat lahir rendah sebesar 16,3%, dan pada umumnya ibu mendapatkan kualitas antenatal careyang baik. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan antara kejadian bayi berat lahir rendah dengan kualitas antenatal care di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Andalas tahun 2021.
Kesimpulan: Tidak ada hubungan antara kualitas antenatal care dengan berat lahir rendah, sehingga perlu diperhatikan faktor penyebab berat lahir rendah lainnya agar kejadian bayi berat lahir rendah dapat dicegah.
Kata Kunci: berat lahir rendah, antenatal care, ibu
AVOA and ALO Algorithm for Energy-Efficient No-Idle Permutation Flow Shop Scheduling Problem: A Comparison Study
Authors: Risma Yolanda Mega , Utama Dana Marsetiya
Published: December 2023

Global energy consumption is a pressing issue and is predicted to continue increasing between 2010 and 2040. Among the various sectors, the industrial sector, particularly manufacturing, is the main driver of this increase. To effectively address this growing problem and support energy conservation efforts, reducing idle time on production-related machines is critical. The No-Idle Permutation Flow Shop Problem (NIPFSP) and, indirectly, the need to reduce energy consumption in manufacturing processes are the driving forces behind this study. The African Vultures Optimization Algorithm (AVOA) and the Ant Lion Optimizer (ALO) are two novel meta-heuristic algorithms designed to achieve this goal. The effectiveness of both AVOA and ALO was rigorously evaluated across three distinct scenarios: small, medium, and large. Statistical analysis, in the form of independent sample t-tests, was employed to compare the performance of these algorithms. We found that, while both algorithms yielded similar results in the small case, AVOA demonstrated a superior capability in optimizing the NIPFSP in the medium and large cases and, consequently, in curbing energy consumption. This implies that AVOA offers a more promising approach to addressing energy consumption concerns in the manufacturing sector, particularly in scenarios involving medium- to large-scale production processes. The implementation of such innovative meta-heuristic algorithms holds the potential to significantly contribute to global energy conservation efforts while enhancing the efficiency of industrial operations.
Eye Tracking-based Analysis of Customer Interest on The Effectiveness of Eco-friendly Product Advertising Content
Authors: Khairunnisa Ghalda , Sari Hasrini
Published: December 2023

Amid the escalating environmental crisis that has prompted consumers to adopt eco-friendly lifestyles, the popularity of eco-friendly personal care products is increasing significantly. Nevertheless, marketing these products presents challenges that include inadequate product information, perceived unaffordable prices, and relatively low consumer trust. These challenges present an opportunity for the marketing field to increase consumer interest, particularly through advertising, an important medium for disseminating product information. Recognizing the importance of advertising components in influencing consumer preferences, this study uses eye-tracking to identify critical elements in promoting eco-friendly personal care products. The components examined include information on environmental and personal benefits, the presence or absence of price information, and the presentation of an environmental label (logo and text) in advertising. Each of the 43 participants is confronted with eight carefully crafted advertising stimuli. The results of the study highlight the significant influence of clear benefits and price information on consumer preferences, while indicating that eco-label display does not have a significant impact on consumer preference. This research is intended to serve as a source of actionable marketing strategies and is intended to help promote eco-friendly products and increase consumer interest through targeted and effective advertising.
Aerodynamic Characteristics of Circular and Noncircular Cross-Sectional Missile Configurations
Authors: Ghoreyshi Mehdi , Shumway Nathan M. , Aref Pooneh , Jirasek Adam , Seidel Jürgen
Published: December 2023

This paper summarizes an investigation of the aerodynamic performance of missile configurations with axisymmetric and nonaxisymmetric cross sections. Configurations have either a circular, oval, pentagonal, triangular, or square cross section and were tested at three different flight conditions: [Formula: see text] and Reynolds number per inch of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and Reynolds number per inch of [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] and Reynolds number per inch of [Formula: see text]. The influence of Mach number, shape, and fin deflection was investigated. A prescribed body motion was used to expedite the prediction of the missile aerodynamic forces and moments at different angles of attack compared to many static computational fluid dynamics simulations. The results show that the oval missile model is the most aerodynamically efficient body at all the tested speeds. At higher speeds, all nonstandard configurations produce more normal force and better aerodynamic efficiency than the circular body. The triangular configuration is much less stable than the other models.
Surface Properties of Double-Fin Generated Shock-Wave/Boundary-Layer Interactions
Authors: Seçkin Serdar , Mears Lee J. , Song MyungJun , Alvi Farrukh S. , Zigunov Fernando
Published: December 2023

Shock-Wave/Boundary-Layer Interaction (SBLI) is ubiquitous in high-speed air vehicles. SBLI surface flowfield properties of crossing shocks induced by symmetric Double-Fins (DFs) at fin angles of 8° and 10° at Mach 2 are experimentally investigated; a 10° Single-Fin (SF) is also explored as a comparison. Surface visualization is used to capture distinct flowfield structures such as separation and upstream influence. Steady and unsteady Pressure-Sensitive Paints (PSPs) are used to obtain global surface pressure fields. Characteristics of DF-SBLI surface topology are discussed by comparing the corresponding SF-SBLI. The effect of fin angle on DF-SBLI is characterized, and unsteady dynamics of the pressure field are examined. Spectral Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (SPOD) is performed on unsteady PSP, and traveling surface pressure waves and their frequency-dependent behavior are discussed. Dispersion relation of surface pressure waves is revealed by performing two-dimensional space–time Fourier transform on unsteady PSP, and the results are compared with the phase velocity distributions obtained from SPOD. Accompanying group velocity behavior is examined for distinct SBLI regions wherein wave propagation is found dependent on its frequency. Steady surface pressures along the centerline are compared with previous experimental data. Fin-tip spacing is found to be an essential parameter for scaling of upstream influence length.
Analysis of Cold/Hot Spot Effect in Flight Test Heat Flux Measurement
Authors: Qiu Bo , Zeng Lei , Yang QingTao , Ou Chao , Zhou Yu , Chen Qun
Published: December 2023

In model flight tests, the cold/hot spot effect often occurs due to the difference in thermal response between the heat flux sensor and surrounding thermal protection materials, which affects the heat flux measurement. In severe cases, the measurement deviation may even exceed 100%. This article analyzes the flight data of the space model flight test MF-1 and finds that there is a significant hot spot effect. This paper reproduces the temperature measurement process of MF-1 thin-skin structure along the trajectory through aerodynamic thermal/heat transfer coupling calculations. The difference between the flight data and the coupling calculation results is compared and analyzed. Based on the flight test of MF-1, the formation mechanism of the cold/hot spot effect and its impact on wall heat flux are studied. It is found that local temperature discontinuities can generate an additional wall-normal velocity near the wall, which will generate an additional wall-normal convective heat transfer, further increasing the measurement deviation of wall heat flux. The research results of this paper have important guiding significance for the development of heat flux sensors for aerospace model flight tests and correctly conducting heat flux measurements.
Characterization of Particle-Surface Impacts on a Sphere-Cone at Hypersonic Flight Conditions
Authors: Habeck Joseph B. , Kroells Michael D. , Schwartzentruber Thomas E. , Candler Graham V.
Published: December 2023

This study utilizes in-situ data of stratospheric particle size distributions to understand particle-surface impacts at hypersonic flight conditions. Particle diameters range from 0.2 to [Formula: see text]. Simulations are performed to track Lagrangian particles through the flowfield and statistically gather the characteristics of particles that impact the surface. Probability density functions in terms of surface-impact locations, particle sizes, velocities, incident angles, and kinetic energies are presented. The results indicate that sub-micrometer-diameter particles most frequently impact the nosetip of the vehicle at a range of velocities that tend toward the freestream velocity at higher altitudes. However, it does not appear that sub-micrometer particles significantly contribute to the net surface-impact kinetic energy. It is shown that larger particles between 6 and [Formula: see text] are responsible for the majority of net surface-impact kinetic energy, despite these surface-impact events being infrequent.
Κασ(σ)-, Κασσι- y Καστι- en la antroponimia griega y sus cognados indoeuropeos
Authors:   Universidad de Salamanca (España), Medrano Duque Marcos
Published: December 2023

The etymology of the proper name Κασσιέπεια and its variants Κασσιόπεια and Κασσιόπη has not been elucidated so far. Thus, abandoning the idea of a pre-Greek anthroponym, this paper will attempt to prove that it is a bahuvrīhi consisting of a nomen actionis *k̂n̥s-ti- ‘announce’ and u̯éku - ‘word, voice’, hence ‘that of voice/words containing announces’. It will also be argued that the first member of the compound, *k̂n̥s-ti-, is not only found on many occasions in Greek anthroponymy but can also be found in at least four other historical dialects of Indo-European comprising several toponomastic categories and constituting an important formant of proper names which, given its distribution and extension, could date back to the time of the Indo-European common period.
Intensitas Pembelian Makanan Online Tidak Berpengaruh Signifikan terhadap Kualitas Diet dan Status Gizi Mahasiswi IPB
Authors: Sardi Lorita Amanda , Aries Muhammad
Published: December 2023

Meningkatnya intensitas penggunaan aplikasi pesan antar makanan online tidak hanya memberikan dampak positif namun juga dampak negatif pada gaya hidup dan kesehatan. Sistem penggunaan aplikasi yang memberikan akses sebesar-besarnya dapat berdampak pada tidak terkontrolnya jenis dan jumlah makanan yang dibeli. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan intensitas pembelian makanan secara online dengan kualitas diet serta status gizi mahasiswi IPB. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Februari-Maret 2023 dengan menggunakan desain penelitian cross sectional, melibatkan 95 subjek mahasiswi aktif IPB yang dipilih secara purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dan self-administered secara online. Data antropometri diperoleh melalui pengukuran langsung. Analisis data menggunakan Microsoft Excel 2010 dan IBM SPSS Statistics 21. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara intensitas pembelian makanan secara online dengan kualitas diet dan status gizi (p>0,05). Mahasiswi disarankan untuk memperhatikan pola makannya dengan mengonsumsi makanan sesuai prinsip gizi seimbang dan memperhatikan variasi, kecukupan, serta mengurangi konsumsi makanan berdensitas energi tinggi untuk menjaga kualitas diet dan status gizi.
Clinical and Economic Impact of Implementing HealthPathways at a Musculoskeletal Radiology Department
Authors: Davies Simon , Lyons Kathleen , Mukherjee Kausik , Kishore Ramakrishna , Hashmi Khurram , Dyban Maria , Kuczynska Anna
Published: December 2023

Simon R. Davies, MBBCh, and colleagues investigate the impact of HealthPathways on management and primary care clinicians in a musculoskeletal radiology department.
The 40th Swiss Group for Mass Spectrometry Meeting
Authors: Bohni Nadine , Janssen Elisabeth , Kern Susanne , Klee Sonja , Knochenmuss Richard , Prost Jean-Christophe , Rubi Bertran , Tsybin Yury
Published: December 2023

The Swiss Group for Mass Spectrometry (SGMS) is a society dedicated to fostering collaboration among scientists across diverse mass spectrometry fields, ranging from gas-phase ion chemistry to life sciences. SGMS has a strong commitment to educating and supporting the next generation of mass spectrometrists pursuing MSc and PhD degrees. Our membership comprises about two hundred individuals, predominantly from Switzerland, representing academia, industry, and regulatory bodies.[1] SGMS is an Associate Member Society of the Swiss Chemical Society (SCS).
NEFU training geological polygons as unique sites for forming general professional competencies in the field of geology, prospecting and exploration of solid minerals
Authors: Tretyakova O. G. , Tretyakova N. M.
Published: December 2023

In the modern world; geology is one of the most important scientific disciplines that can provide key knowledge about the structure and processes of our planet. Applied geology; in particular; requires high qualifications and practical experience; and field training geological practices play a key role in the formation of not only theoretical knowledge of students but also of their practical skills. Educational geological practices permit students of the Faculty of Geology and Survey; North-Eastern Federal University; to master basic methods in field geological research; including the analysis of rock formations; the identification of geological boundaries; and the recognizing of relief-faults.

This article provides an overview of the structure and specifics of field training geological practices; involving multiple stages from preparatory to fieldwork period. The article considers not only essence and significance of field research in terms of formation practical geological skills but also analyze the key aspects that make these practices an integral part of the education of future geologists.
An assessment of seasonal changes in forests using the segmentation and cluster analysis of Landsat space images
Authors: Rozhkov Yu. F. , Kondakova M. Yu.
Published: December 2023

For the purposes of monitoring the state of forest ecosystems, it is most effective to use the capabilities of remote methods. On multispectral Landsat satellite images (a time series of summer and autumn images for 2000, 2001, 2013, 2014) of the territory of the Olekminsky State Nature Reserve, fragments of forests dominated by Gmelin larch (Larix gmelinii Rupr.) with an area of 250 km2 (scale 1:5000). Then the polygons were saved at three levels of segmentation (scaling) – 4, 16, 64 with scales of 1:2500, 1:1250, 1:625. During decryption, uncontrolled classification of polygons using the ISODATA (Iterative Self-Organizing Data Analysis Technigue) method into 2,4,10 classes was carried out. Classification into two classes was used to calculate the forest cover index. Seasonal changes were determined by the difference in the forest cover index values of the polygons in summer and autumn. It has been shown that the greater the difference, the greater the proportion of larch in mixed forest stands. Distribution curves of forest cover index values were constructed for polygons of the 3rd scaling level. Based on the results of classification into 4, 10 classes, statistical processing was carried out with the calculation of indicators of difference and similarity of polygons - dispersion of the general population and Fisher's test (F-test). The results of changes in population dispersion and F-test at different levels of segmentation and in different years are considered.
Structural Disorder Determines Capacitance in Nanoporous Carbons
Authors: Liu Xinyu , Lyu Dongxun , Merlet Céline , Leesmith Matthew , Hua Xiao , Xu Zhen , Grey Clare , Forse Alexander
Published: December 2023

The difficulty in characterizing the complex structures of nanoporous carbon electrodes has led to a lack of clear design principles with which to improve supercapacitors. While pore size has long been considered the main lever to improve capacitance, our study of a large series of commercial nanoporous carbons finds a lack of correlation between pore size and capacitance. Instead nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements and simulations reveal a strong correlation between structural disorder in the electrodes and capacitance. More disordered carbons with smaller graphene-like domains show higher capacitances due to the more efficient storage of ions in their nanopores. Our findings will stimulate a new wave of research to understand and exploit disorder to achieve highly energy dense supercapacitors.
Lead-based paint detection using perovskite fluorescence and X-ray fluorescence
Authors: van Geen Alexander , Helmbrecht Lukas , Ritter Eric , Ahoussi Ernest Kouassi , Soro Petanki , Gardon Jacques , Noorduin Willem
Published: December 2023

Ingestion of flakes of Pb-based paint by infants remains a health hazard with life-long consequences throughout the world. Pb-based paint was banned for residential use in the US and Western Europe decades ago but is still sold in many countries. This study evaluates the performance of a new kit for detecting exposed Pb-based paint. The kit relies on the formation of Pb-halide perovskite that fluoresces bright green under a UV flashlight after spraying a non-toxic reagent. Tests with the Lumetallix kit were conducted in parallel with X-fluorescence and inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission analysis upon acid digestion using paint currently sold in Ivory Coast and samples of older US paint. Comparison of the three different methods indicates a detection limit for the Lumetallix kit of approximately 500 ppm Pb in paint, with a sensitivity of 95% and a selectivity of 94% relative to that threshold (n=76). This detection limit is an order of magnitude below the US definition of Pb-based paint of 0.5% Pb by weight. Because the kit is easy to use, exposed paint posing a risk could therefore reliably be screened at scale by the general public. Any follow-up for confirmation and mitigation based on XRF measurements will need to consider that Pb-based paint covered with paint without Pb will not respond to the kit but will be detected through the upper layer by XRF.
Effects of Surface Area and Particle Size of Graphite and Graphene Nanoplatelets on Their Oxidation and Subsequent Use in the Modification of Asphalt Binder
Authors: Sengottuvelu Dineshkumar , Khaled Almashaqbeh Hashem , Majdoub Mohammed , Pramanik Avijit , Rushing Grace , Doyle Jesse , Nouranian Sasan , C. Ray Paresh , G. Ucak-Astarlioglu Mine , Al-Ostaz Ahmed
Published: December 2023

Graphene oxide (GO) has gained significant attention for its unique physical and chemical properties. GO finds application in a wide range of fields, including biomedicine, electronics, energy, and the environment. It also plays a significant role in the modification of infrastructure materials, such as asphalt and cement, in civil engineering. In this study, we report on the synthesis of GOs from graphite (Gr) powder and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) using an improved Hummers’ method. We extensively investigated the effects of particle size and specific surface area of the Gr and GNP precursors on their oxidation, which have not been addressed in literature. The results from Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses show that the GO made from Gr powder with a large surface area and small size has a higher degree of oxidation with about 9.8% carboxyl functional groups. This provides more opportunities for interactions with different molecules, including asphalt components. In this regard, we investigated the impact of carboxyl-rich GO (higher oxidation percentage) on the high-temperature performance of asphalt binder through rotational viscosity, rheology, multiple stress creep and recovery (MSCR), and anti-aging property measurements. Our experimental results indicate that GO obtained from the Gr powder precursor (designated ox-Gr) can significantly improve the high-temperature performance of asphalt binder. For example, the introduction of only 2 wt.% GO to a performance grade asphalt binder (PG 67-22) can dramatically increase its complex shear modulus (G*), as well as decrease the phase angle (δ), at high temperatures. The MSCR tests showed that the addition of GO to asphalt binder effectively mitigates its permanent deformation and improves its elastic response, as demonstrated by about 39% reduction in the creep compliance (J_nr) and an impressive 297% increase in the percent recovery (εR) of the GO-modified binder. Furthermore, the measured viscosity aging index and G* ratio of the GO-modified asphalt binder confirm the significant effect of GO on the improvement of the anti-aging properties of the binder.
Balancing Group I Monoatomic Ion-Polar Compound Interactions for Condensed Phase Simulation in the Polarizable Drude Force Field
Authors: Nan Yiling , MacKerell Alex
Published: December 2023

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are a commonly used method for investigating molecular behavior at the atomic level. Achieving reliable MD simulation results necessitates the use of an accurate force field. In the present work, we present a new protocol to enhance the quality of group 1 monoatomic ions (specifically Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, and Cs+) with respect to their interactions with common polar model compounds in biomolecules in condensed phases in the context of the Drude polarizable force field. Instead of adjusting pre-existing individual parameters for ions, model compounds, and water, we employ atom-pair specific LJ (known as NBFIX in CHARMM) and through-space Thole dipole screening (NBTHOLE) terms to fine-tune the balance of ion-model compound, ion-water, and model compound-water interactions. This involved establishing a protocol for the optimization of NBFIX and NBTHOLE parameters targeting the difference between molecular mechanical (MM) and quantum mechanical (QM) potential energy scans (PES). It is shown that targeting PES involving complexes that include multiple model compounds and/or ions as trimers and tetramers yields parameters that produce condensed phase properties in agreement with experimental data. Validation of this protocol involved the reproduction of experimental thermodynamic benchmarks, including solvation free energies of ions in methanol and N-methyl acetamide, osmotic pressures, ionic conductivities, and diffusion coefficients within the condensed phase. These results show the importance of including more complex ion-model compound complexes beyond dimers in the QM target data to account for many-body effects during parameter fitting. The presented parameters represent a significant refinement of the Drude polarizable force field, which will lead to improved accuracy for modeling ion-biomolecular interactions.
Effect of Pre-Damage on the Fracture Energy of Double-Network Hydrogels
Authors: Zheng Yong , Wang Yiru , Nakajima Tasuku , Gong Jian Ping
Published: December 2023

Double-network (DN) hydrogels are tough soft materials and the high fracture resistance can be attributed to the formation of a large damage zone (internal fracture of the brittle first network) around the crack tip. In this work, we studied the effect of pre-damage in the brittle network on the fracture energy Γc of DN hydrogels. The pre-damage of the first network was induced by pre-stretching the DN gels to prestretch ratio λpre. Depending on the λpre in relative to the yielding stretch ratio λy, above which the brittle first network starts to break into discontinuous fragments inside DN gels, two regimes were observed: Γc decreases monotonically with λpre in the regime of λpre < λy, mainly due to the decreasing contribution from the bulk internal damage; while Γc increases with λpre in the regime of λpre > λy, The latter can be understood by the release of hidden length of the stretchable network strands by the rupture of the brittle network, whereby the broken fragments of brittle network could serve as sliding crosslinks to further delocalize the stress concentration near the crack tip and prevent chain scissions.
Isotope-edited variable temperature infrared spectroscopy for measuring transition temperatures of single A-T Watson-Crick base pairs in DNA duplexes
Authors: Peng Hao-Che , Mohan Shrijaa , Huq Muhammad T. , Bull Julie A. , Michaud Troy , Piercy Turner C. , Hilber Stefan , Wettasinghe Ashan , Slinker Jason , Kreutz Christoph , Stelling Allison L.
Published: December 2023

Experimental methods to determine transition temperatures for individual base pair melting events in DNA duplexes are lacking despite intense interest in these thermodynamic parameters. Here, we determine the dimensions of the thymine (T) C2=O stretching vibration when it is within the DNA duplex via iso-topic substitutions at other atomic positions in the structure. After determining that this IR difference probe was localized enough to measure sub-molecular scale structures in high molecular weight complexes, we used this probe to develop a new isotope edited variable temperature infrared method to measure melting at various locations in a DNA structure. As an initial test of this “sub-molecular-scale thermometer”, we first applied our T13C2 difference infrared signal to measure location-dependent melting temperatures (TmL) in a DNA duplex via variable temperature attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (VT-ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. We report that the TmL of a single Watson-Crick A-T base pair at the end of an A-T rich duplex is ~34.9±0.7˚C. This is slightly lower than the TmL of a single base pair at the middle position of the duplex (TmL ~35.6±0.2˚C), providing direct physical evidence for end fraying in A-T-rich DNA sequences.
العوامل المؤثرة في اختيار البنك وفق وجهة نظر الزبون
Authors: سلمان شيماء
Published: December 2023

يتناول البحث احد اهم المواضيع الحيوية في الحقل المالي ويتمحور حول تشخيص اهمية العوامل المؤثرة في اختياره البنك من وجهة نظر الزبون، يعتمد البحث على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، من خلال وصف حالة معينة ليتم بعدها تحليل الظاهرة، ويتضمن البحث تقديما نظريا عن العمل المصرفي واهميته اضافة الى الاشارة لبعض العوامل المهمة بالنسبة للزبون في اتخاذ قراراته عند اختياره للتعامل مع احدى البنوك، ويهدف البحث الى التعرف على اهمية هذه العوامل ومستوى اهميتها . اعتمد البحث على استمارة الاستبيان التي اعدت لغرض جمع البيانات والمعلومات عن اراء العينة ، وتم اختيار التدريسيين والموظفين في كلية الادارة والاقتصاد-جامعة زاخو كمجتمع للبحث وتم اختيار عينة عشوائية وبلغ عدد افراد العينة (80) فردا، استنادا الى عدد الاستمارات المرجعة والصالحة للتحليل، تم استخدام بعض الادوات الاحصائية منها النسب المئوية والمتوسطات الحسابية والانحرافات المعيارية، وتوصل البحث الى مجموعة من النتائج منها وجود تباين في تأثير تلك العوامل على سلوك الزبون وان هناك عوامل اكثر اهمية بالنسبة للزبون مقارنة بالعوامل الاخرى، اذ اظهرت النتائج بان سمعة البنك كانت من الاكثر العوامل اهمية لدى الزبون في اختياره للبنك، بينما لم يظهر ل موقع البنك ووجود المستشارين الماليين والخمات الاجتماعية التي تقدمها البنك اهمية عند اختيارهم البنك، وقدم البحث مجموعة من المقترحات التي من شأنها ان تكون مفيدة للبنوك في تعاملاتهم مع الزبائن بالاضافة الى اقتراح بعض الدراسات المستقبلية للعوامل التي  لم يشمله البحث الحالي.
ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ НАДМОЛЕКУЛЯРНОЙ СТРУКТУРЫ СЫВОРОТОЧНОГО АЛЬБУМИНА
Authors: Волкова А. В. , Бузоверя М. Э.
Published: December 2023

В работе представлены результаты экспериментальных исследований водно-солевых растворов сывороточного альбумина человека (САЧ), который рассматривается как аналог биожидкостей организма. Наблюдаемые структурные эффекты в дегидратированных пленках рассмотрены с учетом концепции надмолекулярной организации полимерного тела и его многоуровневой структуры. Для изучения образцов была разработана и опробована единая комплексная методика, включающая в себя исследования надмолекулярной структуры (НМС) всей капли на оптическом уровне (микроуровень) и морфологии глобулярных структурных элементов альбуминовой пленки (наноуровень) методом атомно-силовой микроскопии (АСМ). Обработка фаций САЧ с помощью программно-аппаратного комплекса «Морфо» позволила установить зависимости НМС фации от концентрации альбумина.  На оптическом уровне удалось наблюдать сложно-ступенчатый механизм изменения надмолекулярной структуры водно-солевых фаций альбумина. Исследование показало, что с повышением концентрации белка площадь области кристаллизации дендритов падает. При концентрации 10 % САЧ происходит структурный переход: дендритно-фрактальная морфология сменяется системой трещин и отдельных конкреций. Методом атомно-силовой микроскопии была выявлена глобулярная структура белковой матрицы. Проведена оценка размеров единичной глобулы и белковых ассоциатов, и плотности их упаковки в зависимости от концентрации.
ТОЧНЫЕ РЕШЕНИЯ ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЛЬНЫХ, ИНТЕГРАЛЬНЫХ, ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ И ДРУГИХ МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКИХ УРАВНЕНИЙ
Authors: Аксенов А. В.
Published: December 2023

Рассматриваются точные решения различных математических уравнений (алгебраических, тригонометрических, обыкновенных дифференциальных, с частными производными первого порядка, математической физики, интегральных, функциональных, дифференциальных с запаздыванием, функционально-дифференциальных и др.). Особое внимание уделяется уравнениям, которые встречаются в различных областях естественных и инженерных наук (в теории тепло- и массопереноса, теории волн, гидродинамике, газовой динамике, теории горения, теории упругости, общей механике, теоретической физике, нелинейной оптике, биологии, химической технологии, и др.), и уравнениям достаточно общего вида, которые зависят от нескольких свободных параметров или произвольных функций. Рассматриваются также уравнения, которые изучаются в университетах и технических вузах.
Testing and evaluation of roadbounce - Mobile phone app based technology for road roughness measurement
Authors: V. V. Pattabhiram Yegulla , Sravana P.
Published: December 2023

Road Roughness/Unevenness is an important parameter for the evaluation of the surface condition of a road. Roughness affects the vehicle operating cost, speed, riding comfort, safety, fuel consumption, and tire wear and tear. Every road user desires to have a smooth and comfortable riding. Roughness measurement is an important activity on highways based on which maintenance decisions are taken. IRC (Indian Road Congress) manual specifies roughness measurements to be taken at every 6 months on highways and based on the roughness index the functional overlay requirements are decided on highways. Roughness measurements using profilometers, namely Rod and Level, Dipstick, Merlin, Profiler, LiDAR, etc., give detailed surface profile measurements but are time-consuming. An alternative to profilometers is Response Type Road Roughness Measurement Systems (RTRRMS) which are installed on vehicles and measure how the vehicle responds to the pavement profile. A car-mounted fifth wheel Bump Integrator developed by CRRI in India is commonly used to measure roughness. The fifth wheel bump integrator system works through mechanical instruments producing 'bumps,' a binary, 'true or false' information, instead of 'range based' analog information produced by digital accelerometers commonly found in smartphones. Due to the difficulty in the calibration process, towing for longer distances, and complexity in recording, analyzing, and possible manual errors in recording the data, Cell Phone-based systems are becoming popular for their simplicity in measuring roughness using accelerometers embedded in the cell phone. RoadBounce is one such technology using Cell phone-based mobile Apps to measure roughness. This paper intends to present the findings of testing and evaluation of App-based roughness measurement technology for its accuracy and usability using different vehicles and mobile phones under different speeds, tire pressures, gradients, etc.
Social Structure and Epistemic Privilege
Authors: Stahl Titus
Published: December 2023

Lukács is widely recognized as being the first critical theorist to have explicitly developed the idea of a “standpoint theory”. According to such a theory, members of oppressed groups enjoy an epistemic privilege regarding the nature of their oppression. However, there is no agreement regarding what precise argument Lukács offers for his claims regarding the alleged epistemic privilege of the working class. Additionally, it remains unclear whether later feminist standpoint theories share any continuity with Lukács’s argument. In this analysis, I identify four arguments for the epistemic privilege of oppressed groups that could be attributed to Lukács. I argue that, although Lukács does not consistently endorse any specific argument, the most promising interpretation suggests that epistemic privilege arises from a contradiction between the norms that guide the self-understanding of such groups and the effects of the social practices they are socially obligated to engage in.
Comparação entre Estimativa da Precipitação Observada pela Técnica Cmorph e Estações Meteorológicas do Inmet em Diferentes Regiões do Brasil (Comparison Between the Observed Precipitation Estimates and Technical CMORPH Weather Stations of INMET in ...)
Authors: Sodré Giordani Rafael Conceição , Rodrigues Letícia Lorena Moreira
Published: December 2023

A Técnica CMORPH é uma das fontes atuais de dados de precipitação mais completas, onde, seu uso no meio científico é cada vez maior. Assim, nesse trabalho buscou-se avaliar as observações do CMORPH em comparação com estações meteorológicas do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET) em diferentes regiões do Brasil, observou-se que as informações do CMORPH possuem uma acurácia muito boa, exceto na região nordeste do Brasil, onde essa técnica não consegue acompanhar as curvas pluviométricas subestimando muito a precipitação, mostrando não ser uma informação confiável para essa localidade.     A B S T R A C T The Technical CMORPH is one of the current sources of precipitation data more complete, where its use in the scientific community is increasing. Thus, this study aimed to assess the remarks of CMORPH compared with meteorological stations of the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) in different regions of Brazil, noted that the information CMORPH have a very good accuracy, except in northeastern Brazil, where this technique can not follow the curves very underestimating rainfall precipitation, showing not a reliable information for that location.   Keywords: Technical CMORPH, INMET Stations, comparison.
Análise Espaço-Temporal do Uso da Terra na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Tabuas, Norte de Minas Gerais, com Aplicação das Geotecnologias (Temporal-Spatial Analysis of the Use Of Soil in the Hydrographic Basin of the Tabuas River, North of Minas Gerais, ...)
Authors: Leite Marcos Esdras , Freitas Maykon Fredson
Published: December 2023

Nas últimas décadas o Norte de Minas Gerais vem passando por um processo de mudança do uso da terra. Observa-se nesta região, uma substituição crescente da vegetação nativa por áreas antropizadas. Diante disso, o presente trabalho analisou o uso da terra na Bacia Hidrográfica do rio Tabuas, no município de Montes Claros, Norte de Minas Gerais, com a intenção de identificar a evolução dos componentes antrópicos e suas conseqüências. Para isso, utilizou-se como suporte ao procedimento metodológico da pesquisa, ferramentas das geotecnologias, como o Sensoriamento Remoto e SIG. Estes são os meios pelos quais foi possível obter dados de uso da terra, permitindo elaborar mapas e gráficos temáticos nos anos de 1995 e 2010. Com isso, constatou-se que a Bacia Hidrográfica do rio Tabuas está sofrendo mudanças no uso da terra, uma vez que, a mata nativa está sendo substituída, principalmente, pela pastagem. Essa transformação afeta diretamente o sistema ambiental da Bacia, trazendo conseqüências danosas para o meio natural. Sinteticamente, observa-se a perda dos horizontes do solo, criação de voçorocas e ravinas, menor diversidade da fauna e flora, e a diminuição da quantidade de água e também sua qualidade.      A B S T R A C T In the last decades, the North of Minas Gerais come passing by a process of change in the use of soil. Can be observed in this region an increasing substitution of native vegetation by anthropized areas. In front of this, the present article analyzed the use of soil in the hydrographic basin of Tabuas River, in the city of Montes Claros, with the intention of identifying the evolution of anthropic components and its consequences. For this, it used as a support for methodological procedure of search, tools of geotechnology, as the Remote Sensing and GIS. These are the ways in which it was possible to obtain information of the use of soil, permitting to elaborate maps and thematic graphics in the years of 1995 and 2010. With this, it noticed which the hydrographic basin of Tabuas River is suffering changes in the use of soil, since, native forest is being substituted mainly by pasture. This transformation affect directly the environmental system by the basin, bringing detrimental consequences for the environment. To sum up, it observes the loss of horizons of soil , creation of gully and ravine, less diversity of fauna e flora and the reduction of the amount of water  and also its quality. Key words: Hydrographic Basin of Tabuas River, Remote Sensing, use of soil.
Detecção de Tendências Climáticas no Estado de Alagoas (Tend detection of climatic in Alagoas State)
Authors: Da Silva Djane Fonseca , De Sousa Aline Bezerra
Published: December 2023

Nesse estudo foram utilizados dados de precipitação, temperatura máxima e mínima obtidos através da Agência Nacional das águas (ANA) para o período de 1961-2010 e através do INMET. Todas as séries foram submetidas ao teste de Mann-Kendall para identificar tendências e depois os valores das tendências serão submetidas ao teste de T-Student para verificar se os valores de tendência encontrados são significativos estatisticamente ou não. O norte do estado de Alagoas apresentou tendência de diminuir as precipitações e aumentar as temperaturas máximas. Com essas conclusões, políticas públicas devem ser adotadas, pois a região ficará mais quente e com menos chuvas, o que pode levar a conflitos devido disponibilidade hídrica, ao déficit hídrico, à fuga da população local, à diminuição de atividades agropecuárias etc.   A B S T R A C T In this study were used data of precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature obtained through the National Water Agency (ANA) for the period 1961-2010 and by INMET. All series were subjected to the Mann-Kendall test for trends and then the values ​​of the trends will be submitted to the Student's t-test to see if the trend values ​​found are statistically significant or not. The northern state of Alagoas tended to decrease precipitation and increase the maximum temperatures. With these findings, public policy should be adopted, since the region will be warmer and less rainfall, which can lead to conflicts because of water availability, water deficit, the escape of the local population, the decrease of agricultural activities etc.   Keywords: Mann-Kendall test, T-Student student, Climate variations, Semi-arid