Emergency department revisits at thirty days are modestly explained by caregiver burden: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Germain Nathalie , Toulouse-Fournier Annie , Samb Rawane , Côté Émilie , Couture Vanessa , Turcotte Stéphane , Morin Michèle , Couturier Yves , Chartier Lucas B. , Sourial Nadia , Sinha Samir , Melady Don , Hardy Marie-Soleil , Fleet Richard , Légaré France , Roy Denis , Witteman Holly O , Mercier Éric , Chouinard Josée , Rivard Josée , Sirois Marie-Josée , Robitaille Joanie , Archambault Patrick M. ,   LEARNING WISDOM investigators,   Network of Canadian Emergency Researchers
Published: September 2024

Structured Abstract

Importance

Caregivers play a protective role in emergency department (ED) care transitions. When the demands of caregiving result in caregiver burden, ED returns can ensue.

Objective

We developed models describing how caregiver burden may predict ED revisits and admissions up to thirty days after discharge.

Design

This prospective cohort study nested within the LEARNING WISDOM clinical trial included older adults and their caregivers who underwent a transition of care from one of four EDs in Québec, Canada between January 1st, 2019, and December 21st, 2021.

Setting

This study occurred within an integrated health multi-site organization consisting of four acute care hospitals.

Participants

Patients aged 65 years or older who were discharged back to the community from the ED observation unit after being triaged to a stretcher on their index visit.

Exposure

Caregiver burden, as collected using the brief twelve-item Quebec French version of the Zarit Brief Burden Interview (ZBI).

Main Outcomes and Measure

Revisits to the ED were defined as a return to any ED in the 4-hospital network within 3, 7, or 30 days of the index visit. Admissions were return visits to the ED within 30 days resulting in hospitalization.

Results

Among 1,409 caregiver-patient dyads, ZBI scores averaged 7.33 (SD = 7.11). Most caregivers were women (69%). Caregivers were most often spouses (48%) of patients or children of patients (38%). Among all patients, 5.3% returned to the ED within 3 days, 9.4% returned within 7 days, 20.7% returned within 30 days and 6.2% were admitted within 30 days. Each point increase on the ZBI scale was associated with a 2.8% increase in the odds of a 30-day revisit to the ED (p = 0.03), but not in models with shorter time windows, nor for admissions. ZBI scores on 30-day ED revisits were moderated by the COVID-19 pandemic waves: the first inter-wave period attenuated the association.

Conclusions and Relevance

Caregiver burden may modestly predict ED revisits over 30 days. Future studies may enhance the management of ED revisits by predicting the longitudinal impact of caregiver burden on ED use in older adults.

Trial Registration

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04093245

Key points

Question:Can caregiver burden predict emergency department (ED) revisits and admissions within 30 days of discharge among older adults?

Findings:In this prospective cohort study, higher caregiver burden was associated with a modest increase in the likelihood of 30-day ED revisits, though not with shorter-term revisits or admissions.

Meaning:Reducing caregiver burden may help prevent returns to the ED within 30 days among community-dwelling older adults.