bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Household Expenditure on Tobacco Consumption in a Poverty-Stricken Rural District in Sri Lanka
Authors: Perera K. Manuja N. , Guruge G. N. Duminda , Jayawardana Pushpa L.
Published: February 2017

Tobacco is a determinant of poverty and a barrier for development. Monaragala, a rural, agricultural district, reports the highest poverty-related indicators in southern Sri Lanka. A cross-sectional study was used to describe the household expenditure on tobacco and its association with food- and education-related expenditures at household level. This study used a 4-stage cluster sampling method to recruit a representative sample of 1160 households. Response rate was 98.6%. Median monthly household income was LKR 20 000 (interquartile range [IQR] = LKR 12 000-30 000). The median monthly expenditure on tobacco was LKR 1000 (IQR = LKR 400-2000) with the highest spending tertile reporting a median of LKR 2700 (IQR = LKR 2000-3600).The proportionate expenditure from the monthly income ranged from 0.0% to 50% with a median of 5.0% (IQR = 2.0-10.0) and a mean of 7.4% (7.6). The poorest reported the highest mean proportionate expenditure (9.8%, SD = 10) from the household income. Household expenditure on tobacco negatively associated with expenditure on education.
Histochemical study of Encephalitozoon cuniculi spores in the kidneys of naturally infected New Zealand rabbits
Authors: Rodríguez-Tovar Luis E. , Villarreal-Marroquín Alejandra , Nevárez-Garza Alicia M. , Castillo-Velázquez Uziel , Rodríguez-Ramírez Heidi G. , Navarro-Soto Magda C. , Zárate-Ramos Juán J. , Hernández-Vidal Gustavo , Trejo-Chávez Armando
Published: February 2017

Encephalitozoon cuniculi is an important microsporidian pathogen that is considered an emergent, zoonotic, and opportunistic. It infects both domestic and laboratory rabbits, generating severe chronic interstitial and granulomatous nephritis with fibrosis and granulomatous encephalitis. Encephalitozoonosis is diagnosed in paraffin-embedded sections by examining the spores in the host tissues. The spores are difficult to observe when the samples are stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), particularly when there is an inflammatory reaction and tissue damage. The spores are easily mistaken for other microorganisms, such as fungi (yeasts), protozoa, and bacteria. In our study, we used kidney samples from E. cuniculi–positive rabbits and employed 14 recommended histologic stains for detecting microsporidia spores: alcian blue, calcofluor white, Giemsa, Gram, Grocott, H&E, Luna, Luxol fast blue, Masson trichrome, modified trichrome stain (MTS), periodic acid–Schiff reaction (PAS), Van Gieson, Warthin–Starry (WS), and Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN).We concluded that MTS and Gram stain, detected by light microscopy, and calcofluor white stain, detected by ultraviolet light microscopy, are the best stains for detecting spores of E. cuniculi in paraffin-embedded tissues from infected rabbits. These stains were superior to WS, ZN, Giemsa, and PAS for identifying spores without background “noise” or monochromatic interference. Also, they allow individual spores to be discerned in paraffin-embedded tissues. MTS allows observation of the polar tube, polaroplast, and posterior vacuole, the most distinctive parts of the spore.
Atypical chronic myeloid leukemia in a German Shepherd Dog
Authors: Marino Christina L. , Tran Jimmy N. S. N. , Stokol Tracy
Published: February 2017

A 4-y-old neutered male German Shepherd Dog was presented with a 3-d duration of lethargy, restlessness, and vomiting. Physical examination revealed generalized lymphadenopathy, pale mucous membranes, systolic heart murmur, dehydration, and fever. Hematologic abnormalities included moderate-to-marked leukocytosis, characterized by neutrophilia with a left shift to progranulocytes and 2% presumptive myeloid blasts, marked anemia that was nonregenerative, and marked thrombocytopenia. Dysplasia was evident in neutrophils and platelets. Bone marrow examination revealed marked myeloid and megakaryocytic hyperplasia with 7% blasts, erythroid hypoplasia, and trilineage dysplasia. Flow cytometric analysis confirmed that bone marrow cells were mostly of neutrophil lineage, with reduced expression of common leukocyte antigens (CD45, CD18) and neutrophil-specific antigen. Bone marrow cells were cytogenetically analyzed for the breakpoint cluster region–Abelson oncogene using multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization. The genetic aberration was present in 7% of cells, which was a negative result (>10% of cells is considered positive). Euthanasia was elected. Histologic examination showed extensive infiltration of multiple organs by neoplastic myeloid cells, with effacement of lymph node and splenic architecture. The final diagnosis was atypical chronic myeloid leukemia (aCML), an uncommon myeloproliferative disorder with features of myelodysplastic syndromes (dysplasia) and chronic leukemia (neutrophilic leukocytosis with <20% marrow blasts, extramedullary infiltrates). The trilineage dysplasia, lack of monocytosis, and supporting cytogenetics distinguish aCML from CML, chronic neutrophilic leukemia, and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia.
Nomenclature, classification, and documentation of catastrophic fractures and associated preexisting injuries in racehorses
Authors: Stover Susan M.
Published: February 2017

Racehorses are susceptible to bone fractures when damage from repetitive, high-magnitude loads incurred during training and racing exceed concurrent damage removal and replacement, resulting in transient periods of focal osteoporosis and bone weakening. Clinically, these events correspond to cortical stress fractures and subchondral bone stress remodeling. Evidence of these preexisting lesions include periosteal callus, endosteal callus, and intracortical focal hyperemia for cortical stress fractures; and subchondral focal hyperemia located superficial to sclerotic compacted trabecular bone tissue for subchondral stress remodeling. These findings must be in direct physical association with an acute fracture to infer that the abnormalities precipitated complete bone fracture. Recognition of preexisting lesions must be conveyed in the autopsy report to the racehorse industry audience because this is the mechanism for education of racehorse trainers, veterinarians, and owners. Standardized anatomic nomenclature, fracture classification, and documentation of gross autopsy findings specific to catastrophic bone fractures in racehorses provides information to empower changes in management of racehorses for the detection and management of mild injuries and prevention of catastrophic fractures.
Reexamining ADHD-Related Self-Reporting Problems Using Polynomial Regression
Authors: Sibley Margaret H. , Campez Mileini , Raiker Joseph S.
Published: February 2017

Individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) underreport symptoms compared with informants and objective measures. This study applied enhanced statistical methodology (polynomial regression) to the study of ADHD self-reporting to clarify what contributes to symptom underreporting by adolescents with ADHD ( N = 107; ages = 11-15 years). Polynomial regression models were conducted to test competing hypotheses about the nature of self-reporting problems. Traditional difference score models were nested within polynomial regression models to examine how modeling strategy influences results. Sixty-six percent of the sample substantially underreported symptoms compared with parents and 23.6% denied all symptoms. Polynomial regression models provided no evidence that the size of the discrepancy between parent and adolescent symptom reports possessed meaningful linear associations with any of the hypothesized predictors. Nested models indicated that the difference score approach led to very poor model fit and increased risk for Type I errors when examining underreporting among youth with ADHD. This finding suggests that past evaluations using a difference score approach should be replicated using polynomial regression to ensure that significant effects do not represent statistical artifact.
“Reason to Hope?”: The White Savior Myth and Progress in “Post-Racial” America
Authors: Maurantonio Nicole
Published: February 2017

On April 4, 2015, White North Charleston, South Carolina, Police Officer Michael Slager shot and killed Black motorist Walter Scott. Upon the release of a bystander video of the deadly shooting, Mayor Keith Summey and Police Chief Eddie Driggers denounced Slager’s actions and announced his arrest for Scott’s death. This article argues that journalists’ use and subsequent circulation of White savior mythology to narrativize the work of the two leaders offered a message of hope, progress, and White redemption, anchored in a vision of a “post-racial” United States.
Maternal ADHD Symptoms and Parenting Stress: The Roles of Parenting Self-Efficacy Beliefs and Neuroticism
Authors: Williamson David , Johnston Charlotte
Published: February 2017

Objective: ADHD symptoms in adults are consistently related to stress in a variety of domains, although whether the link between ADHD symptoms and stress is direct, or accounted for or moderated by other variables, is little studied. We used a cross-sectional design to examine whether parenting self-efficacy accounts for the relation between maternal ADHD symptoms and parenting stress, and whether levels of maternal neuroticism moderate this relation. Method: A nonclinical sample of mothers of 120, six- to 12-year-old children completed surveys online. Results: Maternal ADHD symptoms were associated with parenting stress, but this relation was accounted for by parenting self-efficacy beliefs. Neuroticism did not moderate the relations among these variables. Covariate analyses indicated that although parenting self-efficacy beliefs remain a robust predictor of parenting stress, the relation between maternal ADHD symptoms and parenting stress can be better accounted for by other variables. Conclusion: The results highlight the importance of self-efficacy beliefs and demonstrate that ADHD symptoms are not sufficient to understand the experience of parenting.
(Re)Invigorating family and community leadership in Inuit bilingual education
Authors: Anoee Nunia Qanatsiaq , Tulloch Shelley , Arreak-Kullualik Jeannie , Wheatley Kerri , McAuley Sandy
Published: February 2017

This article contextualizes community discourse about promising practices in Inuit bilingual education within the findings of Canada’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Arviat, Nunavut (Canada), is recognized as a success story in English-Inuktitut bilingualism. It has also been a nexus of elder- and Inuit-driven curriculum reform for strong bilingual education. A community-based research team facilitated conversations with 17 elders, teachers, and parents in Arviat, and 10 Inuit leaders elsewhere, about what is supporting bilingual education. Grounded theory analysis revealed family and community leadership as a key theme. Participants attributed successful bilingual education outcomes to family- and community-based language policies and practices that prioritize Inuktitut and support lifelong language learning. Their emphasis is echoed in discourse in other Inuit and Indigenous contexts. We argue that reclaiming the family leadership that was interrupted by residential schooling is a key to achieving or sustaining bilingualism and school success, and is also one aspect of achieving reconciliation.
Yuntuwarrun: Learning on Country
Authors: Nicholls Ron , Steen Tangikina Moimoi
Published: February 2017

This article explores the notion of “learning on country” as a pedagogical approach through engagement with Aboriginal communities and organisations in the context of a masters sustainable design course. Offered at the University of South Australia since 2013, experiential learning provides an educational praxis whereby skills and knowledges are acquired through processes of participation and the transformative nature of reflection. Students engage with Ngarrindjeri worldviews, beliefs and values, and an awareness of their cultural positionality provides broader contexts for learning outcomes. Staff and students participate in cultural activities and share perspectives and design ideas with Ngarrindjeri elders. Learning interactions between students and elders also strengthens an understanding of Ngarrindjeri relationships to country and further enhances knowledge of the socio-cultural environment of Aboriginal people. Transferable to other disciplines and contexts, the program offers further opportunities for collaborative engagement with Aboriginal communities and highlights the significance of multiple ways of being and knowing.
Validity of low-contrast letter acuity as a visual performance outcome measure for multiple sclerosis
Authors: Balcer Laura J , Raynowska Jenelle , Nolan Rachel , Galetta Steven L , Kapoor Raju , Benedict Ralph , Phillips Glenn , LaRocca Nicholas , Hudson Lynn , Rudick Richard ,   Multiple Sclerosis Outcome Assessments Consortium
Published: February 2017

Low-contrast letter acuity (LCLA) has emerged as the leading outcome measure to assess visual disability in multiple sclerosis (MS) research. As visual dysfunction is one of the most common manifestations of MS, sensitive visual outcome measures are important in examining the effect of treatment. Low-contrast acuity captures visual loss not seen in high-contrast visual acuity (HCVA) measurements. These issues are addressed by the MS Outcome Assessments Consortium (MSOAC), including representatives from advocacy organizations, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), European Medicines Agency (EMA), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), academic institutions, and industry partners along with persons living with MS. MSOAC goals are acceptance and qualification by regulators of performance outcomes that are highly reliable and valid, practical, cost-effective, and meaningful to persons with MS. A critical step is elucidation of clinically relevant benchmarks, well-defined degrees of disability, and gradients of change that are clinically meaningful. This review shows that MS and disease-free controls have similar median HCVA, while MS patients have significantly lower LCLA. Deficits in LCLA and vision-specific quality of life are found many years after an episode of acute optic neuritis, even when HCVA has recovered. Studies reveal correlations between LCLA and the Expanded Disability Status Score (EDSS), Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell layer plus inner plexiform layer (GCL + IPL) thickness on optical coherence tomography (OCT), brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), visual evoked potential (VEP), electroretinogram (ERG), pupillary function, and King-Devick testing. This review also concludes that a 7-point change in LCLA is clinically meaningful. The overall goal of this review is to describe and characterize the LCLA metric for research and clinical use among persons with MS.
Analyses of children’s mathematics proficiency from ECLS-K 1998 and 2010 cohorts: Why early mathematics?
Authors: Lee Joohi , Pant Mohan D.
Published: February 2017

This article presents the correlation analyses of mathematics item response theory scores from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998 and 2010 data, and proposes the critical need for systematic efforts to improve the quality of pre- and in-service teachers of young children in teaching mathematics.
Turkish Adult Children as Caregivers of Parents with Alzheimer’s Disease: Perceptions and Caregiving Experiences
Authors: Ar Yagmur , Karanci A Nuray
Published: February 2017

There is substantial evidence suggesting that Western and non-Western caregivers of patients with Alzheimer’s disease have different caregiving experiences depending on the cultural values they adopt. Although family-centered constructs such as familism and filial piety have taken some attention, there is still a paucity of research on how cultural values and norms shape caregiving appraisals, coping strategies, and formal service use specifically in Eastern-oriented contexts. The aim of this study was to investigate Turkish adult children caregivers’ perceptions of Alzheimer’s disease and caregiving experience. Researchers conducted in-depth interviews with 20 primary caregivers and analyzed data with interpretative phenomenological analysis. First, most caregivers viewed family disharmony as the main cause of the disease. Second, although burden is evident in their accounts, caregivers reported positive changes during their caregiving experiences, as well. Third, caregivers employ religious/fatalistic coping and they benefit from social support during their caregiving experiences. Forth, most caregivers opposed to nursing home placement because they view it as a morally improper act; they are afraid of neighborhood pressure; they perceive caregiving as a child’s responsibility; they do not want their children to do so; and they do not trust conditions of care facilities in Turkey. Findings indicated that Eastern norms and values might have differential impacts on Alzheimer’s disease caregiving outcomes. Hence, we invite mental health professionals to integrate culturally sensitive aspects into the possible intervention programs targeting Alzheimer’s disease caregivers from non-Western contexts.
The Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Different Obesity Phenotype in Iranian Male Military Personnel
Authors: Payab Moloud , Hasani-Ranjbar Shirin , Merati Yaser , Esteghamati Alireza , Qorbani Mostafa , Hematabadi Mahboobeh , Rashidian Hoda , Shirzad Nooshin
Published: February 2017

Obesity, especially when concentrated in the abdominal area, is often associated with the presence of metabolic syndrome. Stress, particularly occupational stress, is one of the most important factors contributing to the increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome components among different populations. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity as well as the criteria for metabolic syndrome and its risk factors and different obesity phenotype in a population of military personnel aged 20 to 65 years. This study is a retrospective cross-sectional study in which data are extracted from the database of a military hospital (2,200 participants). The records of participants contained information such as age, marital status, educational level, weight, height, body mass index, blood pressure, waist circumference, history of drug use and smoking, as well as the results of tests including lipid profile and fasting blood glucose. The Adult Treatment Panel III criteria as well as two national criteria were used to identify metabolic syndrome among participants. Data analysis was p1erformed using SPSS version 16. The average age of participants was 33.37 (7.75) years. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome according to Iranian cutoff was 26.6% for the waist circumference >90 cm (585 persons) and 19.6% for the waist circumference >95 cm (432 persons). The rate of metabolic syndrome was identified as 11.1% (432 cases) according to Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Results of the current study identified that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among military individuals is less than other populations, but the prevalence of the syndrome is higher than other military personnel in other countries.
Bone Marrow Progenitor Cells Isolated from Young Rabbit Trochlea Are More Numerous and Exhibit Greater Clonogenic, Chondrogenic, and Osteogenic Potential than Cells Isolated from Condyles
Authors: Dwivedi Garima , Chevrier Anik , Hoemann Caroline D. , Buschmann Michael D.
Published: February 2017

Objective. Bone marrow stimulation procedures initiate repair by fracturing or drilling subchondral bone at base of cartilaginous defect. Earlier studies have shown that defect location and animal age affect cartilage repair outcome, suggesting a strong influence of structural and biological characteristics of subchondral bone. Here, we analyzed comprehensive biological characteristics of bone marrow progenitor cells (BMPCs) in subchondral bone of young and old rabbit condyle and trochlea. We tested the hypothesis that in vitro biological properties of BMPCs are influenced by location, age of donor and method of their isolation. Design. In vitro biological properties, including cell yield, colony-forming unit fibroblasts (CFU-f), surface marker expression, and differentiation potential were determined. Comparisons were carried out between trochlea versus condyle and epiphyseal versus metaphyseal bone using old ( N = 5) and young animal knees ( N = 8) to generate collagenase and explant-derived BMPC cultures. Results. CFU-f, cell yield, expression of stem cell markers, and osteogenic differentiation were significantly superior for younger animals. Trochlear subchondral bone yielded the most progenitors with the highest clonogenic potential and cartilaginous matrix expression. Trochlear collagenase-derived BMPCs had higher clonogenic capacity than explant-derived ones. Epiphyseal cells generated a larger chondrogenic pellet mass than metaphyseal-derived BMPCs. All older pellet cultures and one non-responder young rabbit failed to accumulate glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Conclusion. Taken together, these results suggest that properties intrinsic to subchondral progenitors could significantly influence cartilage repair potential, and could partly explain variability in cartilage repair outcomes using same cartilage repair approach.
Validity and test–retest reliability of a novel simple back extensor muscle strength test
Authors: Harding Amy T , Weeks Benjamin Kurt , Horan Sean A , Little Andrew , Watson Steven L , Beck Belinda Ruth
Published: February 2017

Objectives:

To develop and determine convergent validity and reliability of a simple and inexpensive clinical test to quantify back extensor muscle strength.

Methods:

Two testing sessions were conducted, 7 days apart. Each session involved three trials of standing maximal isometric back extensor muscle strength using both the novel test and isokinetic dynamometry. Lumbar spine bone mineral density was examined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Validation was examined with Pearson correlations ( r). Test–retest reliability was examined with intraclass correlation coefficients and limits of agreement. Pearson correlations and intraclass correlation coefficients are presented with corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Linear regression was used to examine the ability of peak back extensor muscle strength to predict indices of lumbar spine bone mineral density and strength.

Results:

A total of 52 healthy adults (26 men, 26 women) aged 46.4 ± 20.4 years were recruited from the community. A strong positive relationship was observed between peak back extensor strength from hand-held and isokinetic dynamometry ( r = 0.824, p < 0.001). For the novel back extensor strength test, short- and long-term reliability was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.983 (95% confidence interval, 0.971–0.990), p < 0.001 and intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.901 (95% confidence interval, 0.833–0.943), p < 0.001, respectively). Limits of agreement for short-term repeated back extensor strength measures with the novel back extensor strength protocol were −6.63 to 7.70 kg, with a mean bias of +0.71 kg. Back extensor strength predicted 11% of variance in lumbar spine bone mineral density ( p < 0.05) and 9% of lumbar spine index of bone structural strength ( p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Our novel hand-held dynamometer method to determine back extensor muscle strength is quick, relatively inexpensive, and reliable; demonstrates initial convergent validity in a healthy population; and is associated with bone mass at a clinically important site.
A failure of preoperative duplex imaging to diagnose a lower extremity venous aneurysm in a patient with severe chronic venous insufficiency
Authors: Jones Roy Wesley , Parkerson Godfrey Ross , Ottinger Mary , Rodriguez Eduardo , Park Brian
Published: February 2017

Objective:

We present a case of recurrent bilateral lower extremity venous stasis ulcers in association with a superficial venous aneurysm at the right saphenofemoral junction that was misdiagnosed on preoperative duplex scanning.

Methods:

A 53-year-old female presented to our clinic with 6-year history of bilateral lower extremity venous stasis ulcers. Her past medical history was significant for refractory venous stasis ulcers of the bilateral lower extremities present for 6 years and morbid obesity.

Results:

Preoperative venous duplex demonstrated severe venous insufficiency of the superficial and deep systems, but a venous aneurysm was not appreciated. During the high ligation of the right saphenofemoral junction, a 3 × 4 × 5 cm aneurysm was encountered. Repair consisted of aneurysm resection, high ligation of the greater saphenous vein, dissociation of the great saphenous and anterior saphenous veins, and stab phlebectomy of large varicose veins of the thigh and lower leg. The patient recovered uneventfully and experienced complete healing of the venous stasis ulcer in several weeks.

Conclusion:

Superficial venous aneurysms of the lower extremity are rare and can be often missed on preoperative duplex ultrasound imaging. Large diameter measurements of the proximal greater saphenous vein and obesity increase the risk of misdiagnosing venous aneurysms with duplex imaging; therefore, clinical suspicion must remain high. These aneurysms can be associated with significant symptoms for which repair is indicated.
Measuring Student Learning in Technical Programs
Authors: Domingue Benjamin W. , Lang David , Cuevas Martha , Castellanos Melisa , Lopera Carolina , Mariño Julián P. , Molina Adriana , Shavelson Richard J.
Published: February 2017

Technical schools are an integral part of the education system, and yet, little is known about student learning at such institutions. We consider whether assessments of student learning can be jointly administered to both university and technical school students. We examine whether differential test functioning may bias inferences regarding the relative performance of students in quantitative reasoning and critical reading. We apply item response theory models that allow for differences in response behavior as a function of school context. Items show small yet consistent differential functioning in favor of university students, especially for the quantitative reasoning test. These differences are shown to affect inferences regarding effect size differences between the university and technical students (effect sizes can fall by 44% in quantitative reasoning and 24% in critical reading). Differential test functioning influences the rank orderings of institutions by up to roughly 5 percentile points on average.
Adsorption of actinides within speleothems
Authors: Sengupta P. , Sanwal J. , Dudwadkar N. L. , Tripathi S. C. , Gandhi P. M.
Published: February 2017

Stalagmites and stalactites, as observed within natural caves, may develop inside geological repositories during constructional and post-operational periods. It is therefore important to understand actinide sorption within such materials. Towards this, experimental studies were carried out with233U,238Np (VI),238Np (IV),239Pu and241Am radiotracers using natural speleothem samples collected from the Dharamjali cave of the Kumaon Lesser Himalayas, India. Petrological/mineralogical studies showed that natural speleothems have three general domains: (1) columnar calcite; (2) microcrystalline calcite; and (3) botryoidal aragonite – each with ferruginous materials. Results showed that all domains of speleothems can take up >99% actinides, irrespective of valence state and pH (1–6 range) of the solution. However, distribution coefficients were found to be at a maximum in aragonite for most of the actinides. Such data are very important for long-term performance and safety assessments of the deep geological repositories planned for the disposal of high-level nuclear wastes.
Structural parameters of Cr-bearing spinels and pleonaste from the Cuillin Igneous Complex (Isle of Skye, Scotland): Implications for metamorphic and cooling history
Authors: Lenaz D. , Velicogna M. , Hålenius U. , O'Driscoll B.
Published: February 2017

The Outer Layered Suite of the Cuillin Igneous Complex (Isle of Skye, NW Scotland) comprises a Peridotite Series and a younger Allivalite Series (the latter comprising troctolites, eucrites and gabbros). Close to the junction between the Peridotite and the Allivalite Series (but wholly contained within the latter), an ultramafic breccia unit containing abundant peridotite xenoliths crops out. In the Peridotite Series, reddish-brown Cr-bearing spinels are present as disseminated crystals in the peridotite and also as chromitite seams, while in the peridotite xenoliths of the breccia unit, green pleonaste occurs in both of these modes of textural occurrence. Optical absorption spectroscopy reveals that the colour difference between the two spinel phases is related mainly to variable Al, Cr and Fe contents, while crystal structural analysis shows that the cooling rate calculated utilizing the oxygen positional parameter is comparable for all samples. The intracrystalline closure temperature for the Cr-spinel in the Peridotite Series is different for the disseminated and seam textural occurrences of the spinels, while the temperatures yielded by pleonaste in the peridotite xenoliths are the same for both textural occurrences. Our dataset suggests that the pleonaste in the peridotite xenoliths has been heated and equilibrated under subsolidus conditions, probably during breccia formation. During this heating, homogenization of the closure temperatures of pleonaste spinels occurred.
Oscarkempffite, Ag10Pb4(Sb17Bi9)∑26S48, a new Sb-Bi member of the lillianite homologous series
Authors: Topa Dan , Paar Werner H. , Makovicky Emil , Stanley Chris J. , Roberts Andy C.
Published: February 2017

Oscarkempffite, ideally Ag10Pb4(Sb17Bi9)∑=26S48, is a new mineral species found in old material (1929–30) from the Colorada vein, Animas mine, Chocaya Province, Department of Potosi, Bolivia. It is associated with aramayoite, stannite, miargyrite, pyrargyrite and tetrahedrite. Oscarkempffite forms anhedral grains and grain aggregates up to 10 mm across. The mineral is opaque, greyish black with a metallic lustre; it is brittle without any discernible cleavage. In reflected light oscarkempffite is greyish white, pleochroism is distinct, white to dark grey. Internal reflections are absent. In crossed polars, anisotropism is distinct with rotation tints in shades of grey. The reflectance data (%, air) are: 39.9, 42.6 at 470 nm, 38.6, 41.7 at 546 nm, 38.1, 41.2 at 589 nm and 37.3, 40.6 at 650 nm. Mohs hardness is 3–3½, microhardness VHN50 exhibits a range 189–208, with a mean value 200 kg mm–2. The average results of four electron-microprobe analyses in a grain are: Cu 0.24(7), Ag 14.50(8), Pb 11.16(14), Sb 28.72(16), Bi 24.56(17), S 20.87(5), total 100.05(6) wt.%, corresponding to Cu0.24Ag9.92Pb4.00Sb17.36Bi8.64S47.84 (on the basis of Me + S = 88 apfu). The simplified formula, Ag10Pb4Sb17Bi9S48, is in accordance with the results of a crystal-structure determination. The density, 5.8 g cm–3, was calculated using the ideal formula. Oscarkempffite has an orthorhombic cell with a = 13.199(2), b = 19.332(3), c = 8.249(1) Å, V = 2116.3(5) Å3, space group Pnca and Z = 1. The strongest eight lines in the (calculated) powder-diffraction pattern are [d in Å(I)hkl]: 3.66(35)(122), 3.37(70)(132), 3.34(100)(250), 2.982(55)(312), 2.881(86)(322), 2.733(29)(332), 2.073(27)(004) and 2.062(31)(182). Comparison with gustavite, andorite and roshchinite confirms its independence as a mineral species.
Airway dynamics in COPD patients by within-breath impedance tracking: effects of continuous positive airway pressure
Authors: Lorx András , Czövek Dorottya , Gingl Zoltán , Makan Gergely , Radics Bence , Bartusek Dóra , Szigeti Szabolcs , Gál János , Losonczy György , Sly Peter D. , Hantos Zoltán
Published: February 2017

Tracking of the within-breath changes of respiratory mechanics using the forced oscillation technique may provide outcomes that characterise the dynamic behaviour of the airways during normal breathing.

We measured respiratory resistance (Rrs) and reactance (Xrs) at 8 Hz in 55 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and 20 healthy controls, and evaluatedRrsandXrsas functions of gas flow (V′) and volume (V) during normal breathing cycles. In 12 COPD patients, additional measurements were made at continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) levels of 4, 8, 14 and 20 hPa.

TheRrsandXrsversus V′ andVrelationships displayed a variety of loop patterns, allowing characterisation of physiological and pathological processes. The main outcomes emerging from the within-breath analysis were theXrsversus Vloop area (AXV) quantifying expiratory flow limitation, and the tidal change inXrsduring inspiration (ΔXI) reflecting alteration in lung inhomogeneity in COPD. With increasing CPAP, AXV and ΔXIapproached the normal ranges, although with a large variability between individuals, whereas meanRrsremained unchanged.

Within-breath tracking ofRrsandXrsallows an improved assessment of expiratory flow limitation and functional inhomogeneity in COPD; thereby it may help identify the physiological phenotypes of COPD and determine the optimal level of respiratory support.
Controls on pore types and pore-size distribution in the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin, China: Implications for pore-evolution models of lacustrine mudrocks
Authors: Ko Lucy T. , Loucks Robert G. , Milliken Kitty L. , Liang Quansheng , Zhang Tongwei , Sun Xun , Hackley Paul C. , Ruppel Stephen C. , Peng Sheng
Published: February 2017

Our main objectives are to (1) learn if pore-evolution models developed from marine mudrocks can be directly applied to lacustrine mudrocks, (2) investigate what controls the different pore types and sizes of Chang 7 organic matter (OM)-rich argillaceous mudstones of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation, and (3) describe the texture, fabric, mineralogy, and thermal maturity variation in the Chang 7 mudstones. Lacustrine mudstones from nine cored wells along a depositional dip in the southeastern Ordos Basin, China, were investigated. Helium porosimetry, nitrogen adsorption, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy of Ar-ion milled samples were applied. Measured average total porosity of samples from a proximal to distal transect ([Formula: see text]) is higher than those from the two adjacent cored wells ([Formula: see text]). This difference in porosity partly caused by differences in the clay mineral content implies that in the fluvial-deltaic-lacustrine depositional environment, reservoir quality can vary significantly in a short distance. Owing to the uneven distribution of the sample set from proximal to distal area, we mainly evaluate variations in the proximal setting. Results from nitrogen-gas adsorption experiments show that there are four distinct patterns of pore-size distribution within the Chang 7 member of the Yanchang Formation with no particular correlation with mineralogical composition and thermal maturity. The pore network within Chang 7 mudstones is dominated by OM-hosted pores, with a lesser abundance of interparticle and intraparticle pores. The size distribution of mineral-hosted pores within these mudstones is found to be closely related to the rock texture (sorting and grain size) and fabric. Mudstones with well-sorted grains and a higher percentage of coarser grains have more abundant mineral pores. The sizes of OM-hosted pores in these compaction-dominated lacustrine mudstones were one to two orders of magnitude smaller than those in the marine mudstones that display abundant early cementation.
Chemostratigraphic insights into fluvio-lacustrine deposition, Yanchang Formation, Upper Triassic, Ordos Basin, China
Authors: Rowe Harry , Wang Xiangzeng , Fan Bojiang , Zhang Tongwei , Ruppel Stephen C. , Milliken Kitty L. , Loucks Robert , Shen Ying , Zhang Jianfeng , Liang Quansheng , Sivil Evan
Published: February 2017

A chemostratigraphic study of a 300 m long core recovered from the southeastern central Ordos depocenter reveals thick ([Formula: see text]) intervals of fine-grained, organic-rich lacustrine strata, interpreted to represent deepwater deposition under meromictic conditions (incomplete watermass overturn) during lake highstand phases, interspersed with thick (10–30 m) intervals of arkosic sandstones, reflective of fluvio-deltaic deposition during lake lowstand phases. Along with elevated concentrations of %Al, traditionally a proxy for clay content, maximum total-organic-carbon (TOC) values in the deepwater lacustrine facies reach 8%, with average values of approximately 3%. The fine-grained, organic-rich facies is also characterized by elevated S (up to 6%) and As concentrations, both proxies for pyrite, an indicator of more stagnant, reducing conditions in the hypolimnion (the volume of the lake below the surface mixing zone) during lake highstand phases. Enrichment factors for redox-sensitive trace elements (RSTEs) are not significantly elevated throughout the TOC-rich intervals, but they are punctuated in thinner intervals. Punctuated enrichments in RSTEs reflect episodes of enhanced suboxia/anoxia in the hypolimnion during lake highstand phases resulting from sustained meromixis (protracted episodes of incomplete watermass turnover). Although dramatic shifts between fluvio-deltaic and deepwater lacustrine deposition are recorded in the Yanchang strata, no evidence indicates that the lacustrine system ever built up a significant salt concentration, suggesting that an outlet was maintained throughout much of the depositional history. A chemofacies framework for the Yanchang Formation is developed based on hierarchical cluster analysis and ranking of major element chemostratigraphic results. The outcome of chemofacies analysis is similar to the lithofacies analysis, subdividing the stratigraphic record of calcite-cemented sandstone/siltstone lithologies (fluvio-deltaic facies) and silty to finer grained mudstone lithologies (deep-water lacustrine facies) based on changes in elemental concentrations that equate to shifts in the relative abundance of mineral contents (e.g., clays, quartz, feldspars, pyrite, and carbonates).
Using High-Technology Simulators to Prepare Anesthesia Providers Before Implementation of a New Electronic Health Record Module: A Technical Report
Authors: Weintraub Ari Y. , Deutsch Ellen S. , Hales Roberta L. , Buchanan Newton A. , Rock Whitney L. , Rehman Mohamed A.
Published: February 2017

Learning to use a new electronic anesthesia information management system can be challenging. Documenting anesthetic events, medication administration, and airway management in an unfamiliar system while simultaneously caring for a patient with the vigilance required for safe anesthesia can be distracting and risky. This technical report describes a vendor-agnostic approach to training using a high-technology manikin in a simulated clinical scenario. Training was feasible and valued by participants but required a combination of electronic and manual components. Further exploration may reveal simulated patient care training that provides the greatest benefit to participants as well as feedback to inform electronic health record improvements.
Delayed Detection of Esophageal Intubation in Anesthesia Malpractice Claims: Brief Report of a Case Series
Authors: Honardar Marzieh R. , Posner Karen L. , Domino Karen B.
Published: February 2017

This retrospective case series analyzed 45 malpractice claims for delayed detection of esophageal intubation from the Anesthesia Closed Claims Project. Inclusion criteria were cases from 1995 to 2013, after adoption of identification of CO2 in expired gas to verify correct endotracheal tube position as a monitoring standard by the American Society of Anesthesiologists. Forty-nine percent (95% confidence interval 34%–64%) occurred in the operating room or other anesthesia location where CO2 detection equipment should have been available. The most common factors contributing to delayed detection were not using, ignoring, or misinterpreting CO2 readings. Misdiagnosis, as with bronchospasm, occurred in 33% (95% confidence interval 20%)
Between Ooru, Area, and Pettai: The Terms of the Local in Tamil Cinema of the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Vasudevan Nitya
Published: February 2017

This article focuses on films that star the young Tamil cinema actor Dhanush and that are set in Madurai and surrounding nonmetropolitan locations in the state of Tamil Nadu. Through these films, the article examines the construct of the area or the pettai as a production of the local in the age of so-called globalization, and what implications this formation has for an understanding of the relationship between cinema and space in the context of Tamil films produced in the first decade of the twenty-first century. This construct of the pettai is viewed through questions on regionality, globalization, mobility, and gender, in an effort to understand the contemporariness of these films.
Toward a New Junk Aesthetics? Narratorial Predicaments in Contemporary Alternatives in/to Bollywood
Authors: Chatterjee Subhajit
Published: February 2017

This article examines a variety of sardonic interventions into the global flow of mainstream Bollywood's overbearing and complacent self-image. A resurgence of the familiar coinage “new wave” often attends to the urbane crop of film industry mavericks like Anurag Kashyap, Sriram Raghavan, or Dibakar Banerjee, extending to innovative independent ventures associated with figures like Ashim Ahluwalia, Pawan Kumar, or Q. On the one hand, such endeavors often flaunt the influence of contemporary world cinema accessed through new cinephilic networks. On the other hand, they claim to undertake authentic forays into indigenous sociocultural experience through the provocative undermining of established commercial as well as art/parallel film conventions in India. The article traces certain ambiguous stylistic propensities underneath such subversive cinematic aspirations as probable symptoms of a crucial predicament in Indian cinema's bid for alternative expressions in the realm of popular culture and spectatorial customs. Analyses of select films such as Oye Lucky! Lucky Oye! (2008), Pankh and Gandu (both 2010) draw attention to a certain tendency in contemporary narrative drama that renders cityscapes as symbolic witness to cultural ruin while dispensing with the technique of melodramatic italicization as expressive device. The author's discussion mobilizes an analytical category called “new junk aesthetics” to characterize these disparate urban fables whose narratorial logic seeks to eschew the circulation of value in the domain of mainstream cultural production as well as an alternative imagination.
Cultura, interculturalidade e globalização nas grades curriculares da Administração: um olhar baseado nos cursos com nota máxima no Enade 2012, no estado de Minas Gerais
Authors: Ferreira Raissa Amaral , Oliveira Michele Morais , Oliveira Leilane Morais , Ferreira Michelle Cristina , Silva Francielih Dorneles
Published: February 2017

Gestores e colaboradores devem estar preparados para se relacionar dentro das organizações nas quais atuam, em um contexto globalizado como o atual. Assim, são necessários currículos que contemplem cultura e interculturalidade a fim de que adquiram conhecimentos e possam desenvolver capacidades relativas ao estabelecimento de relações mais positivas e saudáveis entre os que compartilham o ambiente organizacional. Nesse sentido, este estudo objetivou avaliar se as instituições de ensino superior de Minas Gerais estão formando administradores aptos a lidarem com a questão intercultural. A abordagem qualitativa foi escolhida como perspectiva metodológica. Os dados foram coletados por meio de pesquisa documental e de questionário. O estudo focalizou os cursos de Administração que obtiveram nota máxima no Enade de 2012 e os resultados demonstraram que, entre as instituições que participaram do estudo, nenhuma delas parece priorizar a temática da globalização e interculturalidade na formação dos futuros administradores, sendo um tema abordado, mas com um patamar de segundo plano nos currículos.
Combinatorial Mixtures of Multiparameter Distributions: An Application to Bivariate Data
Authors: Edefonti Valeria , Parmigiani Giovanni
Published: February 2017

We introduce
Adrenarche unmasks compound heterozygous 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency: c.244G>A (p.Ala82Thr) and the novel 931C>T (p.Gln311*) variant in a non-salt wasting, severely undervirilised 46XY
Authors: Teasdale Stephanie Louise , Morton Adam
Published: February 2017

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The Duty of the Patient to Cooperate
Authors: Löschke Jörg
Published: February 2017

In discussing the normative implications of the doctor-patient relationship, medical ethics has mostly focused on the duties of doctors to their patients. This focus neglects an important normative dimension of the doctorpatient- relationship, namely the duties of patients to doctors. Only few authors have discussed the content and ground of the moral duties of patients, and each of these accounts are wanting in some way. This paper discusses patients’ duties and argues that patients have a relationship-dependent obligation to cooperate with the doctor, because doctors have a morally justified interest in fulfilling their moral role obligations as doctors, and by not cooperating, patients make it more difficult for doctors to fulfill their moral obligations. In some cases, failing to cooperate might even create an avoidable moral dilemma for the doctor.
Ethische Aspekte des Off-Label-Use
Authors: Heinrichs Bert , Pinsdorf Christina , Staab Thea
Published: February 2017

Unter Off-Label-Use versteht man den zulassungsüberschreitenden Einsatz eines Arzneimittels außerhalb der von Zulassungsbehörden genehmigten Anwendungsgebiete. Er ist in der medizinischen Praxis weit verbreitet und fächerübergreifend zu beobachten. Der Beitrag gibt eine Einschätzung der Off-Label-Anwendung aus ethischer Sicht. Dazu wird die Off- Label-Anwendung zunächst von anderen, sachlich verwandten Anwendungsweisen abgegrenzt. Danach wird über die aktuelle Verbreitung des Off-Label- Use informiert. Sodann wird gezeigt, dass sich bekannte Problemlagen aus der Medizinethik bei der Off-Label-Anwendung in spezifischer Weise verschärfen. Schließlich wird diskutiert, wie eine ethisch akzeptable Off-Label-Anwendung von Arzneimitteln ausgestaltet werden könnte und auf welchen Ebenen sie ansetzen müsste.
Zur Ethik (intergenerationeller) Risikoauferlegung
Authors: Schuppert Fabian
Published: February 2017

Unter welchen Bedingungen, falls überhaupt, ist es moralisch gerechtfertigt anderen Menschen ohne deren Einverständnis Risiken aufzuerlegen? Diese Frage spielt gerade im Zuge der Klimaethik eine zentrale Rolle, da viele mit dem anthropogenen Klimawandel verknüpfte Probleme zunächst als Risiken gesehen werden müssen. In diesem Beitrag werden einige der wichtigsten gängigen Positionen zur Ethik der Risikoauferlegung kritisch hinterfragt und mit einer im Lichte aufgezeigter Probleme ergänzten, neuen Position kontrastiert. Demnach hängt die moralische Rechtfertigbarkeit von Risikoauferlegungen stark von der Schwere, Wahrscheinlichkeit und Vermeidbarbarkeit des jeweiligen Risikos ab. Anschließend wird diese neue Theorie auf Fälle intergenerationeller Risikoauferlegung angewandt.