bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Double-Cuff Bidirectional Branch in Endovascular Aortic Repair: A New Way of Increasing the Flexibility of Inner Branch Endografting
Authors: Dias Nuno V. , Karelis Angelos , Oderich Gustavo S. , Sonesson Björn
Published: December 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of the study was to describe the design and implantation of a branched stent-graft during endovascular aortic repair incorporating double-cuff bidirectional inner branch.

Technique:

A new double-cuff bidirectional antegrade and retrograde inner branched stent-graft with large diamond-shaped fenestration was designed for incorporation of a splenic artery. The inner cuffs of the branch were accessible using brachial and/or femoral access. The splenic artery was originating from an aortic segment with narrow inner aortic luminal diameter in a patient with extent IV thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm with bilobed configuration. The retrograde, more distal inner cuff of the branch was extended into the splenic artery using a self-expandable bridging stent-graft from the femoral approach, whereas the antegrade, more proximal inner cuff of the branch was intentionally occluded using an endovascular plug. The recovery was uneventful and a computed tomography angiography 30 days postoperatively showed patency of all the target vessels without signs of endoleaks.

Conclusion:

This is the first design of a double-cuff bidirectional inner branched stent-graft. The technique can potentially expand the applications of directional branches to patients with more difficult anatomy in the thoracoabdominal or aortic arch segments. Potential indications are patients with target arteries that are not ideally suited for caudally-oriented branches, patients with accessory vessels, or targets with early branch bifurcations.

Clinical Impact

This report describes the use of a branched endograft with a new double-cuff bidirectional branch that can potentially address many of the limitations of current BEVAR solutions, such as early bifurcations, double arteries with adjacent origins and arteries with less favorable trajectories for the traditional caudally-oriented branches.
The Impact of Maternal Depression on Internet-Parent–Child Interaction Therapy for Child Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Case Study
Authors: Druskin Lindsay R. , Victory Erinn J. , Han Robin C. , Phillips Sharon T. , Aman Emily , McNeil Cheryl B.
Published: December 2022

Conduct disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are highly comorbid, with an estimated prevalence rate of 51.5% for children between 2–17 years of age (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020). Parent–Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) is an empirically supported behavioral parent training program for children with disruptive behavior. PCIT research consistently demonstrates decreases in disruptive behaviors and increases in positive parenting strategies among families of young children with ADHD; however, PCIT has yet to become widely recognized as a treatment for ADHD. This case study presents the treatment of a 6-year-old boy with ADHD and severe behavior problems. The case was further impacted by the single mother’s depressive symptoms and internet delivery of PCIT during the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings from this case report documented an improvement in disruptive child behaviors and emotion regulation and increased positivity during parent–child interactions, despite worsening maternal depressive symptoms. This case study highlights the utility of PCIT to improve child disruptive behaviors and ADHD symptoms in the midst of several complicating factors.
Rejoinder to Commentaries on Woo et al. (2022)
Authors: Woo Sang Eun , Keith Melissa G. , Tay Louis , LeBreton James M.
Published: December 2022

In this rejoinder, we discuss several areas of agreement as well as some noteworthy divergence in perspectives that are worth exploring further. We also note a few areas where immediate clarifications may be necessary. Next, we discuss practical solutions and challenges for improving the validity and fairness of graduate admissions. We conclude with a call for intellectual humility and openness in further advancing the field’s discussions on this critical topic as well as for authenticity and persistence in effecting real changes to the system.
First-line treatments for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a network meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis in China and the United States
Authors: Sun Ke-Xin , Cao Shan-Shan , Shi Feng-Hao , Guan Yue , Tang Meng , Zhao Mei-na , Jian Yu-Fan , Cui Bin , Li Zhi-Yan , Wang Jing-Wen , Yu Feng , Ding Yi
Published: December 2022

Background:

Various therapeutic strategies are available for the first-line treatment of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (aHCC). But which approach is the most cost-effective remains uncertain.

Objectives:

This study aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of first-line strategies in aHCC patients from the perspective of Chinese and US payers.

Design:

A network meta-analysis (NMA) and cost-effectiveness study.

Data sources and methods:

A NMA was conducted to collect all first-line strategies with aHCC from 1 October 1 2018 until 1 January 2022. The relevant randomized controlled trial literature in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library for the last 3 years were searched. The abstracts of meetings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, European Society of Medical Oncology, and American Association for Cancer Research were also reviewed. A Markov model that included three states was developed. One-way sensitivity and probabilistic sensitivity analysis were performed to investigate the uncertainty of the economic evaluation. Scenario analysis was conducted to explore the economic benefits of treatment strategies in low-income populations.

Results:

Base-case analysis in China included 1712 patients showed that atezolizumab combined with bevacizumab, sintilimab combined with bevacizumab, lenvatinib (LEVA), and sorafenib (SORA) added 0.46, 1.25, 0.77, and −1.08 quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), respectively, compared with donafenib, resulting in an incremental cost-effective ratio of $85607.88, $12109.27, and $1651.47 per QALY at a willingness-to-pay (WTP) of $11101.70/QALY. In the United States, only the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) of SORA was higher that were lower than the WTP threshold ($69375/QALY), and LEVA was the most cost-effective strategy with the ICERs were 25022.13/QALY.

Conclusion:

The NMA and cost-effectiveness analysis revealed that LEVA is the favorite choice in the first-line treatment of Chinese aHCC patients and US payers’ perspective when the WTP was $11101.70/QALY in China and $69375.0/QALY in the United States.

Registration:

This study has been registered on the PROSPERO database with the registration number CRD42021286575.
Preserved T-cell response in anti-CD20-treated multiple sclerosis patients following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination
Authors: Faissner Simon , Heitmann Neele , Rohling Ricarda , Ceylan Ulas , Bongert Marielena , Plaza-Sirvent Carlos , Marheinecke Corinna , Pedreiturria Xiomara , Ayzenberg Ilya , Hellwig Kerstin , Schmitz Ingo , Pfaender Stephanie , Gold Ralf
Published: December 2022

Background:

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has tremendous implications for the management of patients with autoimmune conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS) under immune therapies targeting CD20+ B cells (aCD20).

Objectives:

Here, we investigated humoral and cellular immune responses, including anti-spike titers, neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 wild-type (WT), delta, and omicron variant and T cell responses of aCD20-treated relapsing–remitting MS patients following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination compared with healthy controls.

Methods:

Blood samples were collected within 4–8 weeks following the second vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Sera were analyzed for anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies and neutralization capacity against pseudovirus for wild-type (WT), delta, and omicron variant. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stimulated with a SARS-CoV-2 peptide pool and analyzed via flow cytometry.

Results:

The aCD20-treated MS patients had lower anti-SARS-CoV-2-spike titers, which correlated with B cell repopulation. Sera of aCD20-treated patients had reduced capacity to neutralize WT, delta, and omicron pseudoviruses in vitro. On the contrary, PBMCs of aCD20-treated patients elicited higher frequencies of CD3+ T cells and CD4+ T cells and comparable response of cytotoxic T cells, while Th1 response was reduced following restimulation with SARS-CoV-2.

Conclusion:

In summary, aCD20-treated patients have a reduced humoral immune response, depending on B cell repopulation, in accordance with preserved cellular immune response, suggesting partial cellular protection against SARS-CoV-2.
Harvest Technique Does Affect the Quality of Osteochondral Grafts: Histologic Evaluation Comparing Commercial Standards versus Scalpel Blade Technique
Authors: Merkely Gergo , Leite Chilan B.G. , Farina Evan M. , Gomoll Andreas H. , Lattermann Christian
Published: December 2022

Objective

While the percentage of viable cells is a major determinant of graft performance during osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation, the baseline chondrocyte viability at the periphery of osteochondral plugs is defined at the time of harvest. In this laboratory study, we aimed to determine the optimal technique for OCA plug harvest by evaluating commercial standard techniques compared to sharp blade harvest technique.

Design

Osteochondral explants were harvested from bovine and human samples using 3 different techniques: (1) standard OATS manual punch device (Osteochondral Autograft Transplant System OATS; Arthrex, Naples, FL), (2) powered trephine device, and (3) fresh scalpel blade. Chondrocyte viability and the dead area at the periphery of the tissue were evaluated by LIVE/DEAD staining. Safranin-O and fast-green were performed for structural evaluation.

Results

For both bovine and human samples, the dead area at the periphery of the explant was significantly smaller after scalpel blade preparation compared to harvest with OATS ( P < 0.001) and powered trephine devices ( P < 0.001). In addition, while powered device had a smaller remaining dead area compared to the OATS device ( P < 0.001), there was significantly greater tissue loss and peripheral contour change for plugs harvested with the powered trephine device.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated that OCA plugs harvested with OATS and powered device lead to a significant mechanical injury at the periphery of the explants compared to a scalpel. We propose that the optimal technique for OCA harvest utilizes a combined approach incorporating a scalpel blade/circular scalpel to prepare the chondral surface and a powered trephine to prepare the osseous surface.
An immersive virtual reality-based application for treating ADHD: A remote evaluation of acceptance and usability
Authors: Zangiacomi Andrea , Flori Valeria , Greci Luca , Scaglione Arianna , Arlati Sara , Bernardelli Giuseppina
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Virtual reality (VR) is a digital technology currently considered to implement rehabilitation programs for children with ADHD, a disorder characterised by inattention, overactivity and impulsiveness. This study presents the results of the acceptance and usability of a VR application developed for children with ADHD aiming to provide an environment capable of supporting the development of the different attentional components. Due to COVID-19 restrictions, this study had the secondary aim of assessing whether a remote evaluation was feasible and meaningful.

Methods

A sample of 20 clinical experts (neuro and psychomotor therapists of the developmental age) was involved in assessing the proposed environment. Two different tools have been applied: the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM-3) questionnaire and a semi-structured interview were self-administered. Six sessions were planned in total, and each one lasted 30 min.

Results

With respect to the acceptance of the system, the mean of the answers given is for most of the constructs greater than 4, showing agreement among experts. Cronbach alpha and correlations of subscales seem to confirm the reliability of measures. According to results from the interviews, the developed application has shown versatility in being able to be applied to the heterogeneity of the disorder and it was also possible to obtain valuable insights on possible additional features and functionalities. Regarding the secondary aim, the collected outcomes were positive: all the participants were satisfied with what they could perceive about the application.

Conclusions

The results of this work pave the way for a future validation study with children due to the active participation of clinicians and their unanimous positive judgement confirming that the application was considered user-friendly and well accepted.
Making Sense of Interdisciplinary General Education Curriculum Design: Case Study of Common Core Curriculum at the University of Hong Kong
Authors: Lam (林文灏) Adrian Man-Ho
Published: December 2022

Purpose

This research is an interview-based study that captures the academics’ perspectives toward the planning and design of an interdisciplinary General Education Curriculum for undergraduate students in the Chinese context, using the Common Core Curriculum at the University of Hong Kong as a case study.

Design/Approach/Methods

A total of 28 academics with various levels of academic ranking, disciplinary context, proven teaching excellence, and research productivities were individually invited for and consented to a semi-structured and face-to-face interview.

Findings

This article suggests four fundamental and interrelated dimensions for consideration when structuring an interdisciplinary General Education Curriculum, namely, how to design, what is worth learning, how to learn and teach, and how to know students have learned. It is suggested that the ideal curriculum should remain coherent and coordinated, broad and balanced, as well as open and flexible, ensuring the capture of knowledge, skills, and attitudes, with the facilitation of active, authentic, and contextualized pedagogies and assessments.

Originality/Value

This article has the potential of providing insight for policymakers and educators around the world to better structure an interdisciplinary General Education Curriculum by creating an overall springboard for future discussion. They can also integrate these evidence-based elements and strategies into their everyday practices.
Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Lateral Meniscal Lesions: A Consensus Statement by the Chinese Society of Sports Medicine
Authors: Zhang Shurong , Chen Gang , Li Ruixin , Yang Chunxi , Zheng Jiapeng , Wang Cheng , Lu Jun , Zhang Zhengzheng , Shang Xiliang , Zhang Hui , Wang Weiming , Li Weiping , Huang Jingmin , Zhang Yadong , Wang Jianquan , Wang You , Zheng Xiaofei , Chen Shiyi , Li Jian , Hua Yinghui
Published: December 2022

Background:

The lateral meniscus is a unique structure of the knee joint, and its anatomy, function, pathological process, and treatment are distinct from those of the medial meniscus. To date, no consensus on the management of lateral meniscal lesions has been published, and clinical decision-making is challenging. To facilitate this, consensus and practice guidelines for lateral meniscal lesions were developed and endorsed by the Chinese Society of Sports Medicine.

Study Design:

Consensus statement.

Methods:

This project followed the Delphi approach to the consensus process, involving steering, rating, and peer review groups. A total of 61 experts in the fields of sports medicine and arthroscopic surgery were invited to participate in the compilation of a consensus statement on lateral meniscal lesions. (The discoid lateral meniscus was addressed by separate consensus.) To begin, the steering group drafted a set of questions and replies regarding lateral meniscal lesions. An online panel discussion was then held to provide initial agreement and comments on the statements, followed by a round of anonymous voting. Results and feedback were sent to the steering group for a second draft. A second round of voting was then held, and each statement was discussed during a combined meeting of the steering and rating groups. Finally, a consensus draft was evaluated by a review group.

Results:

Fifty-three questions and answers addressing lateral meniscal lesions were drafted, and 20 statements were excluded because of redundant information during the first round of voting. Ultimately, 33 statements were completed, 9 of which were unanimous.

Conclusion:

This expert consensus process focused on the anatomy, function, pathological processes, and treatment of lateral meniscal lesions. Accepted recommendations in these areas can assist doctors and therapists in standardizing the management of related pathology. The consensus statement indicates that certain types of lateral meniscal tears that were previously considered irreparable can be repaired. Preservation of the lateral meniscus should be the first-line treatment whenever possible, because the long-term clinical and radiological outcomes are worse after partial meniscectomy.
Update on the Use of Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections in the Management of Musculoskeletal Injuries: A Systematic Review of Studies From 2014 to 2021
Authors: O’Dowd Aidan
Published: December 2022

Background:

There has been expanding use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the management of musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries.

Purpose:

To determine if there are any recent studies that show any clear benefits regarding the use of PRP in the management of soft tissue injuries.

Study Design:

Systematic review.

Methods:

This review was conducted according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Cochrane Bone, Joint and Muscle Group Specialised Register databases were queried for randomized controlled trials comparing PRP with a non-PRP/placebo in participants >18 years of age with musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries. Exclusion criteria were non–soft tissue injuries and research published in journals with an impact factor <3.5. The main outcome measure analyzed across all injury types was the effect of PRP injections on pain and function.

Results:

Of the 853 studies initially screened, 32 were included in this review. There were 13 studies that investigated the effects of PRP on the management of rotator cuff injuries; 7 studies that investigated PRP in conjunction with arthroscopy found no significant difference between PRP groups and controls, while 5 of 6 studies that investigated nonsurgical management showed positive results for PRP. Eight studies investigated various tendinopathies; of these, 2 studies demonstrated positive results for PRP in Achilles and gluteal tendinopathy management. Six studies examined PRP in acute soft tissue injuries, with 2 of these reporting significant improvements in recovery time for hamstring injuries and 1 study showing positive results for ankle ligament injuries. Two studies looked at acute rupture of soft tissues and found no benefit to PRP use. Two studies investigated PRP injections for chronic plantar fasciitis, and both reported positive results in pain and function with PRP. Finally, 1 study evaluated the effects of PRP on meniscal injuries and reported significant improvement in the healing rate and a decreased need for surgical repair.

Conclusion:

Currently, there is no research strongly advocating the use of PRP compared with traditional management strategies (rest, ice, corticosteroid injection, rehabilitation program). No long-term physiological benefits were reported to justify the invasive and costly technique of obtaining, producing, and implementing PRP.
Knowledge and Perceptions of Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injuries in Baseball Players: A Survey of NCAA Head Baseball Coaches
Authors: Beaudry Mason F. , Beaudry Anna G. , Benzinger Brett C. , Gilliam Bradley D. , Haynes David E.
Published: December 2022

Background:

There is growing concern among sports medicine professionals regarding the increasing prevalence of ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) surgery in baseball players. At this time, it is unclear whether collegiate head baseball coaches possess adequate knowledge of UCL injuries.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge and perceptions of UCL injury among National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) head baseball coaches. It was hypothesized that NCAA head baseball coaches would demonstrate misconceptions and knowledge disparities regarding UCL injury.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Methods:

An online 35-question survey was designed to assess NCAA head baseball coaches’ knowledge of UCL injury. The survey included questions related to participant characteristics, UCL injury, biometric performance and pitching variables, throwing fatigue, surgical variables/performance outcomes, and collegiate athlete recruitment. A total of 788 NCAA head baseball coaches were asked to participate. Responses were analyzed and reported using descriptive statistics where appropriate. Statistical comparisons and contrasts were made using chi-square and Fisher exact tests.

Results:

A total of 103 NCAA head baseball coaches participated in the survey, representing a 13.1% response rate. Only 31% of respondents could correctly identify all UCL injury symptoms, and 93% recommended <8 weeks off from overhead throwing during the off-season. Previous elbow injury observation was associated with UCL symptom identification (χ2 = 10.614; P = .005). Regular access to an athletic trainer ( P = .015) and regular access to a strength and conditioning coach ( P = .004) were both associated with NCAA division status, with Division I programs having the most access. Neither sports medicine physician ( P = .656) nor athletic trainer ( P = .611) access was associated with the geographic location of the baseball program; however, strength and conditioning coach access was associated with geographic location (χ2 = 6.696; P = .010).

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates that limited UCL injury knowledge and various misconceptions exist among NCAA baseball head coaches. The majority of responding coaches recommended an amount of time off from overhead throwing during the off-season that may be inadequate and were unable to identify all symptoms associated with UCL injury, representing the most concerning findings of the present study.
Voices in and Uses of Internal Conversations
Authors: Schweingruber David , Wahl David W. , Beeman Steven , Burns Deborah , Weston George , Haroldson Rebecca
Published: December 2022

Although sociologists have a long history of making claims about people’s internal conversations, these claims are based on little or no evidence. We present results from the first sociological analysis of a large number of self-reported internal conversations, focusing on two interconnected properties of internal conversations: their uses and what internalized others appear and speak in them. We developed taxonomies for categorizing internal conversations based on these properties. The majority of internal conversations in our collection were used to prepare for action, such as with rehearsals, self-direction, and to-do lists. Internalized others appeared in over two-thirds of internal conversations but spoke in fewer than a fifth of them. Internalized others were most likely to speak in rehearsals and other internal interactions, which involve mentally running through an interaction with one or more other people.
Symptomatic fractures in systemic sclerosis: A case–control study
Authors: Sampaio-Barros Marília M , Bortoluzzo Adriana B , da Silva Henrique Carriço , Luppino-Assad Ana Paula , Pereira Rosa Maria R , Sampaio-Barros Percival D
Published: December 2022

This case–control study analyzed risk factors for symptomatic fractures in a group of 52 patients with systemic sclerosis compared with a group of 104 patients without fractures, matched for sex and age, who were attended at a single systemic sclerosis outpatient clinic from 2010 to 2020. Fractures affected predominantly vertebral (65.4%), rib (13.5%), and hip (7.7%) joints, while the mean age of fracture was 55.3 ± 9.5 years. Age at disease onset, age at diagnosis, disease duration, age at menarche, and age at menopause were similar in both groups, and 58.9% of the patients were menopausal at the time of the fracture. The presence of fractures had a significant association with densitometric osteoporosis (p < 0.001), lower weight (p = 0.032), and bone mineral index (p = 0.044), anti-RNA polymerase III (p = 0.040), use of corticosteroids (p = 0.019), and bisphosphonates (p < 0.001), as well as with densitometric T-scores of lumbar spine (p < 0.001), femoral neck (p = 0.025), and total hip (p = 0.013). Multivariate analysis showed that the variables significantly associated with fractures were high doses of corticosteroids (odds ratio = 4.10; 95% confidence interval = 1.290–13.090; p = 0.017), bisphosphonates (odds ratio = 3.91; 95% confidence interval = 1.699–8.984; p = 0.001), negative anti-Scl70 (OR = 0.34; 95% confidence interval = 0.124–0.943; p = 0.038), and lumbar T-score (odds ratio = 0.39; 95% confidence interval = 0.034–0.460; p = 0.010). In conclusion, symptomatic fractures were associated predominantly with lower bone mineral density of lumbar spine and use of high doses of corticosteroids and bisphosphonates in this cohort.
Impactful Theory: Pathways to Mattering
Authors: Reinecke Juliane , Boxenbaum Eva , Gehman Joel
Published: December 2022

Organization Theory is an academic journal dedicated to the development and dissemination of novel theory in the domain of organizational scholarship. At the same time, an increasing chorus of organizational scholars have advocated for “impact”—broadly defined as producing societal benefit beyond the realm of academia. In this editorial, we question the implicit dichotomy between theory, on the one hand, and impact, on the other, and critically explore the notion of impactful theory. Rather than seeing theory as inherently opposed to impact, we celebrate and elucidate theory as a meaningful way to achieve impact. Specifically, we unpack the apparent oxymoron of impactful theory, and articulate seven distinct pathways whereby theory can be impactful. We close by outlining several critical questions, both for individual scholars and our collective community, as well as future research directions.
Improving mechanical, thermal, and erosive wear performance of natural bamboo fibers modified epoxy resin matrix composites
Authors: Hu Haixia , Liu Jiang , Liu Zhiwei , Li Chao , Wang Chengjun , Chen Xiangyang , Shen Yuzhe
Published: December 2022

Natural bamboo fibers (BFs), which were treated by silane coupling agents, reinforced epoxy resin (EP)–based composite were synthesized. Effects of the coupling agents on the chemical structures of the BFs were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength, and hardness of the BFs/EP-based composites were improved significantly, which could be attributed to the excellent strengthening effect of the BFs. Simultaneously, experimental investigations on the thermal behaviors of the BFs/epoxy composites were also presented, indicating that the thermal decomposition temperature of the polymer materials was lowered but the flame retardancy was improved. The bamboo fiber breakage and fiber split were also observed on the impact fracture surface of the composites, which indicate energy dissipation during fiber debonding and pullout process. Moreover, the erosive wear tests have also been carried out to analyze the erosive wear properties of the natural bamboo fibers which modified the epoxy matrix composites. The results indicate that the erosive wear resistance of the EP-based composite was improved greatly when the natural bamboo fibers content was 15 wt.%.
Simple and efficient: performance of palladium-loaded sepiolite for electrocatalytic ethanol oxidation
Authors: Zhao Junkai , Li Liang , Li Liuqiang , Zhang Siru , Chen Shiqi , Yuan Zheng , Wang Ling
Published: December 2022

High-performance electrodes with outstanding catalysts play a vital role in the commercial application of direct ethanol fuel cells. In the present study, a supported catalyst with controllable Pd loading, prepared using a facile impregnation method with sepiolite as a carrier, was synthesized and tested for electrocatalytic oxidation of ethanol. Physical characterization revealed the pore structure and large specific surface area of the sepiolite, which provided excellent conditions for the loading of nanometal clusters. The Pd-sepiolite had greater electrocatalytic ethanol activity and anti-intermediate product poisoning performance than a metallic Pd disc electrode under alkaline conditions. Under these experimental conditions, the electrochemical activity in terms of ethanol oxidation increased significantly with increasing Pd loading. Considering both the activity and stability of the electrodes, 23 wt.% Pd loading on sepiolite was selected with a coating amount of 140 μg cm–2 on glassy carbon. Factors such as ethanol/potassium hydroxide concentration, scanning rate and temperature had direct impacts on peak current densities as well as on reaction kinetics as depicted by Tafel plots. The electrochemical impedance test showed that Pd intercalation could improve significantly the conductivity of sepiolite and reduce the electron-transfer resistance in the electrocatalytic process. Thus, Pd-loaded sepiolite is a simple and effective catalyst for direct ethanol fuel cells.
Adsorption of lead by kaolinite, montmorillonite, goethite and ferrihydrite: performance and mechanisms based on quantitative analysis
Authors: Mao Xiao , Liu Haibo , Chu Ziyang , Chen Tianhu , Zou Xuehua , Chen Dong , Zhang Xuemei , Hu Jinchao
Published: December 2022

This work elucidated the performance and mechanisms of Pb2+ adsorption by kaolinite, montmorillonite, goethite and ferrihydrite using batch experiments. The contributions of various adsorption mechanisms were quantified using a stepwise extraction method. Several characterizations (scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, point of zero charge analysis and X-ray fluorescence) were utilized to analyse the physicochemical properties and the potential adsorption mechanisms. The results indicated that the adsorption processes of montmorillonite and goethite approached equilibrium within 20 min, while 60 min were required for the adsorption processes of kaolinite and ferrihydrite. The adsorption processes of Pb2+ by the four minerals best fit the pseudo-second order model. The adsorption capacities of the four minerals for Pb2+ followed the order: montmorillonite > goethite > ferrihydrite > kaolinite, and the maximum adsorption capacities were 69.20, 46.95, 34.32 and 18.62 mg g–1, respectively. The stepwise extraction test showed that the adsorption mechanism of Pb2+ was dominated by ion exchange for montmorillonite, precipitation and complexation for goethite and complexation for kaolinite and ferrihydrite.
Bounahasite, Cu+Cu2+2(OH)3Cl2, a new mineral from the Bou Nahas Mine, Morocco
Authors: Lykova Inna , Rowe Ralph , Poirier Glenn , Friis Henrik , Helwig Kate
Published: December 2022

The new mineral bounahasite, Cu+Cu2+2(OH)3Cl2, was found in the oxidation zone of the Bou Nahas Mine, Morocco. It forms pseudo-hexagonal plates up to 3 × 30 × 40 μm in size combined in loose clusters with native copper and paratacamite. The mineral is green with vitreous lustre. The cleavage is parallel to {110}, perfect. Dcalc is 3.90 g/cm3. The infrared spectrum is reported. The composition (wt.%) is Cu2O 23.26, CuO 51.72, Cl 23.36, H2O 8.71, O = Cl2 –5.27, total 101.78. The empirical formula calculated on the basis of 3 Cu atoms per formula unit is: Cu+Cu2+2(OH)2.97Cl2.03. The mineral is monoclinic, P21/n, a = 8.5925(1), b = 6.4189(1), c = 10.4118(2) Å, β = 111.804(2)°, V = 533.17(2) Å3 and Z = 4. The strongest reflections of the powder X-ray diffraction pattern [d,Å(I)(hkl)] are: 7.71(70)($\bar{1}$01), 5.34(22)(011), 3.856(100)(012, $\bar{2}$02), 2.673(36)(022), 2.665 (30)(103) and 2.350 (71)($\bar{1}$23, 301, $\bar{2}$14). The crystal structure, refined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data (R1 = 0.028), is based on two alternating sheets coplanar to (110): one consists of alternating edge-sharing Cu2+(OH)6 octahedra and two Cu2+(OH)4Cl2 octahedra, whereas the other one is based on Cu+Cl4 tetrahedra forming edge-sharing Cu+2Cl6 dimers.
A comparison of the fenites at the Chilwa Island and Kangankunde carbonatite complexes, Malawi
Authors: Dowman Emma , Wall Frances , Treloar Peter
Published: December 2022

Carbonatites are igneous carbonate rocks. They are the main source of the rare earth elements (REE) that are essential in low carbon and high technology applications. Exploration targeting and mine planning would both benefit from a better understanding of the processes that create the almost ubiquitous alkaline and REE-bearing metasomatic aureoles in the surrounding country rocks.

Using scanning electron microscopy and whole-rock geochemistry, we investigated the composition and mineralogy of the fenite aureoles developed around the REE-poor Chilwa Island carbonatite and the REE-rich Kangankunde carbonatite, which intrude similar country rocks in the Chilwa Alkaline Province of Southern Malawi. Although common characteristics and trends in their mineralogy and composition may be typical of fenites in general, there are significant differences in their petrography and petrogenesis. For example, the mineralogically diverse breccia at Kangankunde contrasts with the intensely altered potassic breccia of Chilwa Island. This might be caused by differing sequences of fluids expelled from the carbonatites into the aureoles. The main REE-bearing mineral in fenite is different at each complex, and reflects the characteristic REE-bearing mineral of the main carbonatite: fluorapatite at Chilwa Island; and monazite at Kangankunde. Each fenite has distinctive mineral assemblages, in which the relative abundance of the REE-bearing minerals appears to be determined by the mineralogy of their respective host carbonatites.

At both localities, the REE minerals in fenite are less enriched in lanthanum and cerium than their equivalents in carbonatite, a characteristic that we attribute to REE fractionation within fluids in the aureole.

Identifying the mineral assemblages present in fenite and understanding the sequence of alkaline and mineralising fluid events could therefore be useful in predicting whether a fenite is associated with a REE-rich carbonatite. Detailed studies of other aureoles would be required to assess the reliability of these characteristics.
Hematology 2022—what is complete HLA match in 2022?
Authors: Spellman Stephen R.
Published: December 2022

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) often represents the only curative treatment for various malignant and nonmalignant disorders. Initially, the only suitable donors were considered human leukocyte antigen (HLA)–matched or partially matched relatives. The founding of international unrelated donor and umbilical cord blood registries expanded unrelated donor options and access for patients. In the absence of a matched sibling donor (MSD) with 13% to 51% availability, the current consensus recommends use of a matched unrelated donor (MUD) at HLA-A, B, C, and DRB1 with consideration of matching at HLA-DPB1 and -DQB1. MUD donor availability (donor willing and available to donate) ranges from 29% to 78% with African American patients on the lower end and white non-Hispanic patients with the highest likelihood of a match. Recent studies comparing donor to no-donor treatment options in malignant disease consistently point to substantially better outcomes following alloHCT. In the absence of an MSD or MUD, alternative donor choices turn to haploidentical related (Haplo), mismatched unrelated donor (MMUD), and umbilical cord blood (UCB). Novel strategies for alloHCT, including the use of posttransplant cyclophosphamide-based graft vs host disease prophylaxis, have expanded the safety and effectiveness of transplant procedures across HLA barriers using Haplo and MMUD. The less restrictive matching requirements for UCB transplant are well documented and allow for transplant across multiply mismatched HLA alleles. When all donor options are considered, nearly all patients have an available donor. Here we discuss the likelihood of donor availability, complete HLA match by available donor type, and current controversies warranting future research.
In 2022, which is preferred: haploidentical or cord transplant?
Authors: Nagler Arnon , Mohty Mohamad
Published: December 2022

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the treatment of choice for high-risk hematological malignancies such as acute myeloid and lymphocytic leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, and myeloproliferative disorders. Alternative donor transplantation from either haploidentical (haplo-SCT) or cord blood donor (CBT) is an established therapeutic alternative for patients who need transplants but lack a human leukocyte antigen–matched donor. Although haplo-SCT (mainly non–T-cell-depleted haplo-SCT with posttransplant cyclophosphamide) is increasing while CBT is decreasing worldwide (Figure 1), recent developments in CBT, especially cord blood expansion and other strategies to improve engraftment and immune reconstitution post-CBT, make CBT still a valuable option. This article discusses the 2 options based on the currently available data, focusing on adults, and tries to give some clues to help the transplant physician choose a haploidentical vs a cord blood donor. Given the limited numbers of published or ongoing well-designed randomized controlled trials comparing haplo-SCT to CBT and the overall similar clinical results in the available, mostly registry-based, and single-center studies, with substantial heterogeneity and variability, the decision to perform haplo-SCT or CBT in a given patient depends not only on the patient, disease, and donor characteristics and donor availability (although most if not all patients should have in principle an alternative donor) but also on the transplant physician's discretion and, most importantly, the center's experience and preference and ongoing protocols and strategies.
Management of TKI-resistant chronic phase CML
Authors: Hughes Timothy P. , Shanmuganathan Naranie
Published: December 2022

Chronic phase CML (CP-CML) patients who are resistant to 2 or more tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have limited therapeutic options and are at significant risk for progression to the blast phase. Ponatinib has been the drug of choice in this setting for the past decade, but when given at full dose (45 mg/d), the risk of serious vascular occlusive events is substantial. Lower doses mitigate this risk but also reduce the efficacy. Emerging data suggest that a high dose of ponatinib is important to achieve response, but a lower dose is usually sufficient to maintain response, introducing a safer therapeutic pathway for many patients. The recent development and approval of the novel allosteric ABL1 inhibitor, asciminib, for CP-CML patients with resistant disease provides another potentially safe and effective option in this setting. These recent therapeutic advances mean that for most resistant CP-CML patients who have failed 2 or more TKIs, 2 excellent options are available for consideration—dose modified ponatinib and asciminib. Patients harboring the T315I mutation are also candidates for either ponatinib or asciminib, but in this setting, higher doses are critical to success. Lacking randomized comparisons of ponatinib and asciminib, the best choice for each clinical circumstance is often difficult to determine. Here we review emerging evidence from recent trials and make some tentative suggestions about which drug is preferable and at what dose in different clinical settings using case studies to illustrate the key issues to consider.
CNS prophylaxis in aggressive B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Wilson Matthew R. , Bobillo Sabela , Cwynarski Kate
Published: December 2022

The prevention of central nervous system (CNS) relapse in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) continues to be one of the most contentious areas of lymphoma management. Outcomes for patients with secondary CNS lymphoma (SCNSL) have historically been very poor. However, in recent years improved responses have been reported with intensive immunochemotherapy approaches, and there is a growing interest in potential novel/cellular therapies. Traditional methods for selecting patients for CNS prophylaxis, including the CNS International Prognostic Index, are hampered by a lack of specificity, and there is accumulating evidence to question the efficacy of widely employed prophylactic interventions, including intrathecal and high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX). Given the potential toxicity of HD-MTX in particular and the ongoing need to prioritize systemic disease control in high-risk patients, there is an urgent need to develop more robust methods for identifying patients at highest risk of CNS relapse, as well as investigating prophylactic interventions with greater efficacy. Here we review new evidence in this field from the last 5 years, focusing on the potential use of molecular diagnostics to improve the identification of high-risk patients, recent large data sets questioning the efficacy of HD-MTX, and the current approach to management of patients with SCNSL. We provide a suggested algorithm for approaching this very challenging clinical scenario.
Mitigating, monitoring, and managing long-term chemotherapy- and radiation-induced cardiac toxicity
Authors: Bottinor Wendy , Chow Eric J.
Published: December 2022

Five-year survival for childhood cancer now exceeds 85%. However, for many patients, treatment requires the use of intensive anthracycline-based chemotherapy and radiotherapy, both of which are associated with significant long-term cardiovascular toxicity. As such, late cardiovascular disease is now one of the leading causes of premature morbidity and mortality among childhood cancer survivors. Recent advances over the past decade have refined the cardiotoxic potential of various chemotherapeutics, and ongoing work seeks to determine the efficacy of various cardioprotective strategies in children receiving active cancer therapy. The development of risk prediction models offers an additional strategy to define risk for both newly treated and long-term survivors. Current screening strategies are primarily based on echocardiography, although there is active research investigating methods to further optimize screening through myocardial strain, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, blood biomarkers, and genetics, along with the cost-effectiveness of different screening strategies. Active research is also underway investigating the efficacy of prevention strategies for childhood cancer survivors who have completed cancer therapy. This ranges from the use of medications to mitigate potential pathologic ventricular remodeling to reducing adverse and modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (eg, hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, physical inactivity, tobacco exposure), many of which may be more common in cancer survivors vs the general population and are often underrecognized and undertreated in relatively young adult-aged survivors of childhood cancer.
Clinical screening for Ph-like ALL and the developing role of TKIs
Authors: Tran Thai Hoa , Tasian Sarah K.
Published: December 2022

Philadelphia chromosome-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph-like ALL) is a common subtype of B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) with increasing frequency across the age spectrum. Characterized by a kinase-activated gene expression profile and driven by a variety of genetic alterations involving cytokine receptors and kinases, Ph-like ALL is associated with high rates of residual disease and relapse in patients treated with conventional chemotherapy. In this case-based review, we describe the biology of the 2 major ABL-class and JAK pathway genetic subtypes of Ph-like ALL, discuss current diagnostic testing methodologies, and highlight targeted inhibitor and chemo/immunotherapy approaches under clinical investigation in children, adolescents, and adults with these high-risk leukemias.
Biology of follicular lymphoma: insights and windows of clinical opportunity
Authors: Perrett Megan , Edmondson Carina , Okosun Jessica
Published: December 2022

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a heterogeneous disease, both clinically and biologically. The biological behavior and development of FL is a culmination of complex multistep processes underpinned by genetic and nongenetic determinants. Epigenetic deregulation through recurrent genetic alterations is now a recognized major biological hallmark of FL, alongside the t(14;18) translocation. In parallel, there is a strong interplay between the lymphoma B cells and the immune microenvironment, with the microenvironment serving as a critical enabler by creating a tumor-supportive niche and modulating the immune response to favor survival of the malignant B cells. A further layer of complexity arises from the biological heterogeneity that occurs between patients and within an individual, both over the course of the disease and at different sites of disease involvement. Altogether, taking the first steps to bridge the understanding of these various biological components and how to evaluate these clinically may aid and inform future strategies, including logical therapeutic interventions, risk stratification, therapy selection, and disease monitoring.
How to evaluate the patient with a suspected mast cell disorder and how/when to manage symptoms
Authors: Akin Cem
Published: December 2022

Mast cell disorders include mastocytosis and mast cell activation syndromes. Mastocytosis is a rare clonal disorder of the mast cell, driven by KIT D816V mutation in most cases. Mastocytosis is diagnosed and classified according to World Health Organization criteria. Mast cell activation syndromes encompass a diverse group of disorders and may have clonal or nonclonal etiologies. Hematologists may be consulted to assist in the diagnostic workup and/or management of mast cell disorders. A consult to the hematologist for mast cell disorders may provoke anxiety due to the rare nature of these diseases and the management of nonhematologic mast cell activation symptoms. This article presents recommendations on how to approach the diagnosis and management of patients referred for common clinical scenarios.