bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Colon or semicolon: gut sampling microdevices for omics insights
Authors: Nagpal Sunil , Srivastava Sarvesh Kumar
Published: October 2024

Ingestible microdevices represent a breakthrough in non-invasive sampling of the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract. By capturing the native spatiotemporal microbiome and intricate biochemical gradients, these devices allow a non-invasive multi-omic access to the unperturbed host-microbiota crosstalk, immune/nutritional landscapes and gut-organ connections. We present the current progress of GI sampling microdevices towards personalized metabolism and fostering collaboration among clinicians, engineers, and data scientists.
Predicting visual function by interpreting a neuronal wiring diagram
Authors: Seung H. Sebastian
Published: October 2024

As connectomics advances, it will become commonplace to know far more about the structure of a nervous system than about its function. The starting point for many investigations will become neuronal wiring diagrams, which will be interpreted to make theoretical predictions about function. Here I demonstrate this emerging approach with the Drosophila optic lobe, analysing its structure to predict that three Dm3 (refs. 1–4) and three TmY (refs. 2,4) cell types are part of a circuit that serves the function of form vision. Receptive fields are predicted from connectivity, and suggest that the cell types encode the local orientation of a visual stimulus. Extraclassical5,6 receptive fields are also predicted, with implications for robust orientation tuning7, position invariance8,9 and completion of noisy or illusory contours10,11. The TmY types synapse onto neurons that project from the optic lobe to the central brain12,13, which are conjectured to compute conjunctions and disjunctions of oriented features. My predictions can be tested through neurophysiology, which would constrain the parameters and biophysical mechanisms in neural network models of fly vision14.
Neuronal parts list and wiring diagram for a visual system
Authors: Matsliah Arie , Yu Szi-chieh , Kruk Krzysztof , Bland Doug , Burke Austin T. , Gager Jay , Hebditch James , Silverman Ben , Willie Kyle Patrick , Willie Ryan , Sorek Marissa , Sterling Amy R. , Kind Emil , Garner Dustin , Sancer Gizem , Wernet Mathias F. , Kim Sung Soo , Murthy Mala , Seung H. Sebastian ,   The FlyWire Consortium, David Celia , Joroff Jenna , Kristiansen Anne , Stocks Thomas , Braun Amalia , Silies Marion , Skelton Jaime , Aiken Travis R. , Ioannidou Maria , Collie Matt , Linneweber Gerit A. , Molina-Obando Sebastian , Dorkenwald Sven , Panes Nelsie , Gogo Allien Mae , Rastgarmoghaddam Dorfam , Pilapil Cathy , Candilada Rey Adrian , Serafetinidis Nikitas , Lee Wei-Chung , Borst Alexander , Wilson Rachel I. , Schlegel Philipp , Jefferis Gregory S. X. E.
Published: October 2024

A catalogue of neuronal cell types has often been called a ‘parts list’ of the brain1, and regarded as a prerequisite for understanding brain function2,3. In the optic lobe of Drosophila, rules of connectivity between cell types have already proven to be essential for understanding fly vision4,5. Here we analyse the fly connectome to complete the list of cell types intrinsic to the optic lobe, as well as the rules governing their connectivity. Most new cell types contain 10 to 100 cells, and integrate information over medium distances in the visual field. Some existing type families (Tm, Li, and LPi)6–10 at least double in number of types. A new serpentine medulla (Sm) interneuron family contains more types than any other. Three families of cross-neuropil types are revealed. The consistency of types is demonstrated by analysing the distances in high-dimensional feature space, and is further validated by algorithms that select small subsets of discriminative features. We use connectivity to hypothesize about the functional roles of cell types in motion, object and colour vision. Connectivity with ‘boundary types’ that straddle the optic lobe and central brain is also quantified. We showcase the advantages of connectomic cell typing: complete and unbiased sampling, a rich array of features based on connectivity and reduction of the connectome to a substantially simpler wiring diagram of cell types, with immediate relevance for brain function and development.
The fly connectome reveals a path to the effectome
Authors: Pospisil Dean A. , Aragon Max J. , Dorkenwald Sven , Matsliah Arie , Sterling Amy R. , Schlegel Philipp , Yu Szi-chieh , McKellar Claire E. , Costa Marta , Eichler Katharina , Jefferis Gregory S. X. E. , Murthy Mala , Pillow Jonathan W.
Published: October 2024

A goal of neuroscience is to obtain a causal model of the nervous system. The recently reported whole-brain fly connectome1–3 specifies the synaptic paths by which neurons can affect each other, but not how strongly they do affect each other in vivo. To overcome this limitation, we introduce a combined experimental and statistical strategy for efficiently learning a causal model of the fly brain, which we refer to as the ‘effectome’. Specifically, we propose an estimator for a linear dynamical model of the fly brain that uses stochastic optogenetic perturbation data to estimate causal effects and the connectome as a prior to greatly improve estimation efficiency. We validate our estimator in connectome-based linear simulations and show that it recovers a linear approximation to the nonlinear dynamics of more biophysically realistic simulations. We then analyse the connectome to propose circuits that dominate the dynamics of the fly nervous system. We discover that the dominant circuits involve only relatively small populations of neurons—thus, neuron-level imaging, stimulation and identification are feasible. This approach also re-discovers known circuits and generates testable hypotheses about their dynamics. Overall, we provide evidence that fly whole-brain dynamics are generated by a large collection of small circuits that operate largely independently of each other. This implies that a causal model of a brain can be feasibly obtained in the fly.
Human DUS1L catalyzes dihydrouridine modification at tRNA positions 16/17, and DUS1L overexpression perturbs translation
Authors: Matsuura Jin , Akichika Shinichiro , Wei Fan-Yan , Suzuki Tsutomu , Yamamoto Takahiro , Watanabe Yuka , Valášek Leoš Shivaya , Mukasa Akitake , Tomizawa Kazuhito , Chujo Takeshi
Published: October 2024

Human cytoplasmic tRNAs contain dihydrouridine modifications at positions 16 and 17 (D16/D17). The enzyme responsible for D16/D17 formation and its cellular roles remain elusive. Here, we identify DUS1L as the human tRNA D16/D17 writer. DUS1L knockout in the glioblastoma cell lines LNZ308 and U87 causes loss of D16/D17. D formation is reconstituted in vitro using recombinant DUS1L in the presence of NADPH or NADH. DUS1L knockout/overexpression in LNZ308 cells shows that DUS1L supports cell growth. Moreover, higher DUS1L expression in glioma patients is associated with poorer prognosis. Upon vector-mediated DUS1L overexpression in LNZ308 cells, 5′ and 3′ processing of precursor tRNATyr(GUA) is inhibited, resulting in a reduced mature tRNATyr(GUA) level, reduced translation of the tyrosine codons UAC and UAU, and reduced translational readthrough of the near-cognate stop codons UAA and UAG. Moreover, DUS1L overexpression increases the amounts of several D16/D17-containing tRNAs and total cellular translation. Our study identifies a human dihydrouridine writer, providing the foundation to study its roles in health and disease.
SCAR-6 elncRNA locus epigenetically regulates PROZ and modulates coagulation and vascular function
Authors: Ranjan Gyan , Sehgal Paras , Scaria Vinod , Sivasubbu Sridhar
Published: October 2024

In this study, we characterize a novel lncRNA-producing gene locus that we name Syntenic Cardiovascular Conserved Region-Associated lncRNA-6 (scar-6) and functionally validate its role in coagulation and cardiovascular function. A 12-bp deletion of the scar-6 locus in zebrafish (scar-6gib007Δ12/Δ12) results in cranial hemorrhage and vascular permeability. Overexpression, knockdown and rescue with the scar-6 lncRNA modulates hemostasis in zebrafish. Molecular investigation reveals that the scar-6 lncRNA acts as an enhancer lncRNA (elncRNA), and controls the expression of prozb, an inhibitor of factor Xa, through an enhancer element in the scar-6 locus. The scar-6 locus suppresses loop formation between prozb and scar-6 sequences, which might be facilitated by the methylation of CpG islands via the prdm14-PRC2 complex whose binding to the locus might be stabilized by the scar-6 elncRNA transcript. Binding of prdm14 to the scar-6 locus is impaired in scar-6gib007Δ12/Δ12 zebrafish. Finally, activation of the PAR2 receptor in scar-6gib007Δ12/Δ12 zebrafish triggers NF-κB-mediated endothelial cell activation, leading to vascular dysfunction and hemorrhage. We present evidence that the scar-6 locus plays a role in regulating the expression of the coagulation cascade gene prozb and maintains vascular homeostasis.
Flexible, shape-editable wood-based functional materials with acetal linkages
Authors: Tan Yi , Wang Kaili , Gong Shanshan , Chen Hui , Dong Youming , Gao Qiang , Liu Chengguo , Li Jianzhang
Published: October 2024

Flexible shape-editable transparent wood was prepared by addition reaction and free radical polymerization. The wood skeleton promotes directional enhancement and energy dissipation, and the acetal linkages ensure shape memory and editability.
Revealing the structural influence mechanism of intrinsic potassium/calcium elements on bio-waste-derived hard carbon for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Yinghao , Wu Chun , Chen Qinghang , Li Chuangchuang , Huang Wenjie , Wen Qianxiong , He Xiang-Xi , Wu Xingqiao , Chou Shu-Lei
Published: October 2024

The evolution mechanism of hard carbon structures in terms of graphitization and pore structure caused by K/Ca has been clarified.
A simple method to modulate the selectivity of aryl azide photolysis using cucurbit[8]uril
Authors: Qiu Xujun , Cai Qianyu , Pohl Eric , Jung André , Su Haopu , Fuhr Olaf , Schepers Ute , Bräse Stefan
Published: October 2024

Photolysis of aryl azide rotamers yields two C–H aminated products. Cucurbit[8]uril stabilizes the rotamers, leading to selective product formation and demonstrating the potential of host–guest strategies to enhance selectivity.
C(P)42+: a viable planar tetracoordinate carbon species
Authors: Sarmah Kangkan , Yashmin Farnaz , Kalita Amlan J. , Haloi Kriti , Devi Surjata , Barman Priyakshi , Mazumder Lakhya J. , Guha Ankur K.
Published: October 2024

Quantum chemical calculations predict a kinetically stable planar tetracoordinate carbon in the C(P)42+ cluster, a viable experimental target.
Clamshell-type bis-phthalocyanines as colour-changing optical limiters: TDDFT modelling of electrically induced absorption for real-time colour indication of optical limiter efficiency in nonlinear laser protection
Authors: Tolbin Alexander Yu.
Published: October 2024

Phthalocyanines have the potential to serve as visual colour indicators for the development of advanced optical limiters for laser protection, as demonstrated by the quantum chemical LR-TDDFT method.
Highly porous boron nitride as a metal-free heterogeneous catalyst for cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides
Authors: Miyamoto Teppei , Takagaki Atsushi , Song Jun Tae , Watanabe Motonori , Ishihara Tatsumi
Published: October 2024

Porous boron nitride with weakly acidic hydroxyl groups exhibited high activity for cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxide.
Modification of techno-functional and health-promoting properties of orange by-products through ultrasonication
Authors: Manthei Alina , Elez-Martínez Pedro , Martín-Belloso Olga , Soliva-Fortuny Robert
Published: October 2024

Application of ultrasonic treatments on orange by-product mixtures, containing varying ratios of pulp and peel, leads to distinct improvements of dietary fiber properties.
Photocatalytic acylation of lysine screened using a microfluidic-based chemical robotic system
Authors: Hou Zhanfeng , Wan Chuan , Jiang Heming , Wang Yuena , Xing Yun , Wang Jinpeng , Liu Zhihong , Guo Xiaochun , An Yuhao , Han Wei , Wang Rui , Zhang Xinhao , Yin Feng , Li Zigang
Published: October 2024

In our work, we contribute to the photoredox catalytic lysine acylation in proteins and peptides. The optimal reaction conditions were obtained using a high-throughput microfluidic-based chemical robotic system and GPR model.
Self-absorption correction of NEXAFS spectra for intermediate sample thicknesses applied to organo-sulfur model compounds
Authors: Skudler Konstantin , Walter Michael , Sommer Michael , Müller Matthias
Published: October 2024

We present a self-absorption correction for NEXAFS which is valid for any sample thickness. The corrected spectrum is recovered in a forward calculation by fitting a model spectrum to experimental data of samples with ideally different thicknesses.
Improving the composite-structured supercapacitor assembled with Ni–Co-layered double hydroxide and polymer cement electrolyte through structural optimization
Authors: Wang Lu , Shi Muyang , Zhang Dong
Published: October 2024

The optimized nickel–cobalt double hydroxide electrode by electrodeposition has a high specific area capacitance of 10.53 F cm−2. Capacitors assembled using the optimized electrodes have a specific capacitance of up to 1.442 F cm−2.
Physicochemical activation of soap-nut seeds-derived hard carbon as a sustainable anode for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Khatua Sumit , Achary K. Ramakrushna , Rao Y. Bhaskara , K Sasikumar , Samal Akshaya K. , Patro L. N.
Published: October 2024

This study explores the conversion of soap-nut seeds, a naturally abundant agricultural waste, into hard carbon, which can be used as a sustainable anode for applications in Li-ion batteries.
Morphology–electronic effects in ultra-model nanocatalysts under the CO oxidation reaction: the case of ZnO ultrathin films grown on Pt(111)
Authors: Liu Hang , Zhang Lei , Lebègue Sébastien , Bournel Fabrice , Gallet Jean-Jacques , Naitabdi Ahmed
Published: October 2024

Thickness-dependent morphology and electronic properties of ZnO ultrathin films grown on Pt(111) under the CO oxidation reaction at 1 mbar.
Photoelectrochemical transistors based on semiconducting polymers: an emerging technology for future bioelectronics
Authors: Jin Qingqing , Wang Jinyao , Cheng Miao , Tian Yue , Xie Yifan , Deng Junyang , Xiao Hongmei , Wang Hanlin , Ni Zhenjie , Li Mengmeng , Li Ling
Published: October 2024

This mini-review focuses on organic photoelectrochemical transistors and summarizes their recent advances in operation mechanisms, device architectures, and applications in biomedical sciences, optoelectronics and sensor technologies.
A practical post-Hartree-Fock approach describing open-shell metal cluster-support interactions. Application to Cu3 adsorption on benzene/coronene
Authors: Krupka Katarzyna M. , Krzemińska Agnieszka , de Lara-Castells María Pilar
Published: October 2024

A dispersion-corrected wave-function-based method (UMP2C) delivers accurate interaction energies between open-shell metal clusters and carbon-based supports, including those involving charge-transfer.
A photoinduced electron-transfer strategy for switchable fluorescence and phosphorescence in lanthanide-based coordination polymers
Authors: Ma Yu-Juan , Xu Fei , Ren Xin-Ye , Chen Fan-Yao , Pan Jie , Li Jin-Hua , Han Song-De , Wang Guo-Ming
Published: October 2024

A series of La-based coordination polymers with switchable fluorescence and room-temperature phosphorescence have been developed, which present great potential for applications in optical communication, multi-step encryption and anticounterfeiting.
Introduction to Supramolecular Sensors: From Molecules to Materials
Authors: Shanmugaraju Sankarasekaran , Elmes Robert B. P. , Amendola Valeria
Published: October 2024

Sankarasekaran Shanmugaraju, Robert B. P. Elmes, and Valeria Amendola introduce the Sensors & Diagnostics themed issue on Supramolecular Sensors: From Molecules to Materials.
Complex regulation of tau phosphorylation by the endothelin system in brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs): link to barrier function
Authors: Karakaya Eda , Abdul Yasir , Edwards Jazlyn , Jamil Sarah , Albayram Onder , Ergul Adviye
Published: October 2024

Endothelin-1 (ET-1), the most potent vasoconstrictor identified to date, contributes to cerebrovascular dysfunction. ET-1 levels in postmortem brain specimens from individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD) were shown to be related to cerebral hypoxia and disease severity. ET-1-mediated vascular dysfunction and ensuing cognitive deficits have also been reported in experimental models of AD and ADRD. Moreover, studies also showed that ET-1 secreted from brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs) can affect neurovascular unit integrity in an autocrine and paracrine manner. Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) is a leading ADRD cause known to be free of neuronal tau pathology, a hallmark of AD. However, a recent study reported cytotoxic hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) accumulation, which fails to bind or stabilize microtubules in BMVECs in VCID. Thus, the study aimed to determine the impact of ET-1 on tau pathology, microtubule organization, and barrier function in BMVECs. Cells were stimulated with 1 μM ET-1 for 24 h in the presence/absence of ETA (BQ123; 20 μM) or ETB (BQ788; 20 μM) receptor antagonists. Cell lysates were assayed for an array of phosphorylation site-specific antibodies and microtubule organization/stabilization markers. ET-1 stimulation increased p-tau Thr231 but decreased p-tau Ser199, Ser262, Ser396, and Ser214 levels only in the presence of ETA or ETB antagonism. ET-1 also impaired barrier function in the presence of ETA antagonism. These novel findings suggest that (1) dysregulation of endothelial tau phosphorylation may contribute to cerebral microvascular dysfunction and (2) the ET system may be an early intervention target to prevent hyperphosphorylated tau-mediated disruption of BMVEC barrier function.
Magnetic field morphology and evolution in the Central Molecular Zone and its effect on gas dynamics
Authors: Tress R. G. , Sormani M. C. , Girichidis P. , Glover S. C. O. , Klessen R. S. , Smith R. J. , Sobacchi E. , Armillotta L. , Barnes A. T. , Battersby C. , Bogue K. R. J. , Brucy N. , Colzi L. , Federrath C. , García P. , Ginsburg A. , Göller J. , Hatchfield H P. , Henkel C. , Hennebelle P. , Henshaw J. D. , Hirschmann M. , Hu Y. , Kauffmann J. , Kruijssen J. M. D. , Lazarian A. , Lipman D. , Longmore S. N. , Morris M. R. , Nogueras-Lara F. , Petkova M. A. , Pillai T. G. S. , Rivilla V. M. , Sánchez-Monge Á. , Soler J. D. , Whitworth D. , Zhang Q.
Published: October 2024

The interstellar medium in the Milky Way’s Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) is known to be strongly magnetised, but its large-scale morphology and impact on the gas dynamics are not well understood. We explore the impact and properties of magnetic fields in the CMZ using three-dimensional non-self gravitating magnetohydrodynamical simulations of gas flow in an external Milky Way barred potential. We find that: (1) The magnetic field is conveniently decomposed into a regular time-averaged component and an irregular turbulent component. The regular component aligns well with the velocity vectors of the gas everywhere, including within the bar lanes. (2) The field geometry transitions from parallel to the Galactic plane near ɀ = 0 to poloidal away from the plane. (3) The magneto-rotational instability (MRI) causes an in-plane inflow of matter from the CMZ gas ring towards the central few parsecs of 0.01−0.1 M⊙ yr−1 that is absent in the unmagnetised simulations. However, the magnetic fields have no significant effect on the larger-scale bar-driven inflow that brings the gas from the Galactic disc into the CMZ. (4) A combination of bar inflow and MRI-driven turbulence can sustain a turbulent vertical velocity dispersion of σɀ = 5 km s−1 on scales of 20 pc in the CMZ ring. The MRI alone sustains a velocity dispersion of σɀ ≃ 3 km s−1. Both these numbers are lower than the observed velocity dispersion of gas in the CMZ, suggesting that other processes such as stellar feedback are necessary to explain the observations. (5) Dynamo action driven by differential rotation and the MRI amplifies the magnetic fields in the CMZ ring until they saturate at a value that scales with the average local density as B ≃ 102 (n/103 cm−3)0.33 µG. Finally, we discuss the implications of our results within the observational context in the CMZ.
Accretion tori around rotating neutron stars
Authors: Matuszková Monika , Török Gabriel , Lančová Debora , Klimovičová Kateřina , Horák Jiří , Urbanec Martin , Šrámková Eva , Straub Odele , Urbancová Gabriela , Karas Vladimír
Published: October 2024

We present a full general relativistic analytic solution for a radiation-pressure-supported equilibrium fluid torus orbiting a rotating neutron star (NS). We applied previously developed analytical methods that include the effects of both the NS’s angular momentum and quadrupole moment in the Hartle-Thorne geometry. The structure, size, and shape of the torus are explored, with a particular focus on the critically thick solution – the cusp tori. For the astrophysically relevant range of NS parameters, we examined how our findings differ from those obtained for the Schwarzschild space-time. The solutions for rotating stars display signatures of an interplay between relativistic and Newtonian effects where the impact of the NS angular momentum and quadrupole moment are almost counterbalanced at a given radius. Nevertheless, the space-time parameters still strongly influence the size of tori, which can be shown in a coordinate-independent way. Finally, we discuss the importance of the size of the central NS which determines whether or not a surrounding torus exists. We provide a set of tools in a Wolfram Mathematica code, which establishes a basis for further investigation of the impact of the NSs’ super-dense matter equation of state on the spectral and temporal behaviour of accretion tori.
Solar internetwork magnetic fields: Statistical comparison between observations and MHD simulations
Authors: Ebert E. , Milić I. , Borrero J. M.
Published: October 2024

Context. Although the magnetic fields in the quiet Sun account for the majority of the magnetic energy in the solar photosphere, inferring their exact spatial distribution, origin, and evolution poses an important challenge because the signals lie at the limit of today’s instrumental precision. This severely hinders and biases our interpretations, which are mostly made through nonlinear model-fitting approaches.

Aims. Our goal is to directly compare simulated and observed polarization signals in the Fe I 6301 Å and 6302 Å spectral lines in the very quiet Sun, the so-called solar internetwork (IN). This way, we aim to constrain the mechanism responsible for the generation of the quiet Sun magnetism while avoiding the biases that plague other diagnostic methods.

Methods. We used three different three-dimensional radiative magneto-hydrodynamic simulations representing different scenarios of magnetic field generation in the internetwork: small-scale dynamo, decay of active regions, and horizontal flux emergence. We synthesized Stokes profiles at different viewing angles and degraded them according to the instrumental specifications of the spectro-polarimeter (SP) on board the Hinode satellite. Finally, we statistically compared the simulated spectra to the Hinode/SOT/SP observations at the appropriate viewing angles.

Results. Of the three simulations, the small-scale dynamo best reproduced the statistical properties of the observed polarization signals. This is especially prominent for the disk center viewing geometry, where the agreement is excellent. Moving toward more inclined lines of sight, the agreement worsens slightly.

Conclusions The agreement between the small-scale dynamo simulation and observations at the disk center suggests that small-scale dynamo action plays an important role in the generation of quiet Sun magnetism. However, the magnetic field around 50 km above the continuum layer in this simulation does not reproduce observations as well as at the very base of the photosphere.
Chemical composition of planetary hosts
Authors: Sharma A. , Stonkutė E. , Drazdauska A. , Minkevičiūtė R. , Mikolaitis Š. , Tautvaišienė G. , Narbuntas T.
Published: October 2024

Context. Accurate atmospheric parameters and chemical composition of planet hosts play a major role in characterising exoplanets and understanding their formation and evolution.

Aims. Our objective is to uniformly determine atmospheric parameters and chemical abundances of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), oxygen(O), and the α-elements, magnesium (Mg) and silicon (Si), along with C/O, N/O and Mg/Si abundance ratios for planet-hosting stars. In this analysis, we aim to investigate the potential links between stellar chemistry and the presence of planets.

Methods. Our study is based on high-resolution spectra of 149 F, G, and K dwarf and giant stars hosting planets or planetary systems. The spectra were obtained with the Vilnius University Echelle Spectrograph (VUES) on the 1.65 m Molėtai Observatory telescope. The determination of stellar parameters was based on a standard analysis using equivalent widths and one-dimensional, plane-parallel model atmospheres calculated under the assumption of local thermodynamical equilibrium. The differential synthetic spectrum method was used to uniformly determine the carbon C(C2), nitrogen N(CN), oxygen [O I], magnesium Mg I, and silicon Si I elemental abundances as well as the C/O, N/O, and Mg/Si ratios.

Results. We analysed elemental abundances and ratios in dwarf and giant stars, finding that [C/Fe], [O/Fe], and [Mg/Fe] are lower in metal-rich dwarf hosts; whereas [N/Fe] is close to the Solar ratio. Giants show smaller scatter in [C/Fe] and [O/Fe] and lower than the Solar average [C/Fe] and C/O ratios. The (C+N+O) abundances increase with [Fe/H] in giant stars, with a minimal scatter. We also noted an overabundance of Mg and Si in planet-hosting stars, particularly at lower metallicities, and a lower Mg/Si ratio in stars with planets. In giants hosting high-mass planets, nitrogen shows a moderate positive relationship with planet mass. C/O and N/O ratios show moderate negative and positive slopes in giant stars, respectively. The Mg/Si ratio shows a negative correlation with planet mass across the entire stellar sample.
Energy harvesting and inter-floor impact noise control using an optimally tuned hybrid damping system
Authors: Hasheminejad Seyyed M. , Lissek Hervé , Vesal Rahim
Published: October 2024

Impact-loaded floor structures radiate undesired sound waves into adjacent rooms, compromising the acoustic comfort. On the other hand, substantial structural vibrations caused by the impact loading offer a promising energy source for harvesting. Nevertheless, a systematic analytical or numerical investigation of simultaneous inter-floor impact sound transmission control and energy harvesting appears to be missing. Current study describes the conceptual development of a fully coupled 3D analytical model of a dual-functional double-plate floor structure optimized for hybrid regenerative control of inter-floor impact sound transmission. Leveraging multi-mode shunted piezoelectric and Electromagnetic Damper (EMD) energy transduction mechanisms, the model structure is composed of two PZT sandwich plates, which are interlinked through a Nonlinear Vibration Absorber (NVA)-based EMD. The finite Fourier cosine transform and standard normal mode approach are employed to treat the governing acousto-elastic equations. Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II is applied to tune the system parameters along Pareto frontiers to target maximum pressure mitigation, maximum energy harvesting, or dual-objective optimization, which hires advantageous features from both configurations for an optimal trade-off between them. Simulations reveal that elasto-acoustic response suppression and energy extraction of the employed stand-alone PZT-based conversion mechanism can be remarkably improved with the adopted optimized hybrid PZT/NVA/EMD-equipped system.
Green Technologies and Innovations for Sustainable Development
Authors: Askarova Feruza , Nasirova Hatidje , Negim El-Sayed , Babadjanov Abdirashid
Published: October 2024

The main purpose of this study is to provide valuable information about the challenges and opportunities faced by Uzbekistan in the implementation of green technologies. By paying special attention to sustainable development and innovation, Uzbekistan can pave the way for a green economy. The respondents were selected using the snowball sampling method. A survey was conducted to collect the data. The data collection tool was a questionnaire, which included questions on the Likert scale to study the degree of agreement or disagreement of respondents with this statement. In total, 51 people participated in the study. The survey revealed a number of barriers related to the introduction of green technologies in a number of industries, such as a lack of knowledge and understanding by Uzbek citizens of the benefits of the introduction of green technologies, financial constraints, inadequate regulatory framework, lack of research and development and skilled labor for the introduction of green technologies. However, for the introduction of green technologies, factors such as the abundance of renewable energy sources, the government’s firm commitment to achieving sustainable development, encouraging businesses to adopt sustainable practices and the formation of a culture of innovation create favorable opportunities.
Anatomy of Competition in the Global Agricultural Market: A Cross-Country Comparative Analysis
Authors: Gül Mevlüt , Bayav Alamettin
Published: October 2024

With the concept of sustainability that emerged in the twentieth century, discussions on agricultural production methods continue. Agriculture maintains its position of strategic importance for all countries in general. The fact that it is directly related to people’s nutrition is the key factor that makes the sector important. The significance of agriculture has required countries to compete. The volume of global agricultural production exceeded 5 trillion US dollars on average for 2021-2022, increasing by about 19% over the last decade. This study analyses the competitiveness of the top ten leading countries and Türkiye and Uzbekistan in global agricultural trade. Vollrath’s Relative Export Advantage Index (RXA) was calculated using competitiveness analysis. The data of 24 food and agricultural product groups for 2013-2022 were used in the index calculations. The analysis showed that China and Germany had a comparative disadvantage in exports of agricultural products, while the US, the Netherlands, Brazil, France, Spain, Canada, Italy, Belgium, Türkiye, and Uzbekistan had a comparative advantage. Brazil, the Netherlands, and Spain had the highest competitive advantage. Increasing efficiency, productivity, and quality as well as reducing costs are considered important issues in enhancing the competitiveness of countries.
Introduction of ESG Principles in the Insurance Market of Uzbekistan
Authors: Umarov Hasan , Bakhadirov Alisher , Eshonkulov Azamat , Allataifeh Haneen
Published: October 2024

The article discusses the implementation of ESG principles in the insurance market of Uzbekistan, which is an important step towards the sustainable development of the country’s economy. In the context of global changes, the insurance sector of Uzbekistan is faced with the need to adapt to international standards of sustainable development, which include environmental, social and governance (ESG) aspects. The authors analyze the current state of the insurance market in Uzbekistan, emphasizing its positive dynamics in recent years, but note that the implementation of ESG principles is at an early stage. Key barriers include a lack of experience and knowledge in the ESG field, limited financial resources of insurance companies and lack of regulatory support. The article proposes strategic steps to deepen the integration of ESG principles into insurance practice, including the development of environmental insurance, increasing the financial literacy of the population and improving management transparency in insurance companies. In conclusion, it is emphasized that the introduction of ESG principles can significantly increase the competitiveness of insurance companies, strengthen their market positions and attract new partners, as well as contribute to the implementation of the national strategy for the transition to a green economy.
Modelling the Spatial Distribution of Industrial Facilities and Green Areas to Reduce the Ecological Footprint
Authors: Ravshanov Normakhmad , Tashtemirova Nodira , Alimov Uchkun , Ubaydullaev Malik
Published: October 2024

The work solves conjugated problems of a stationary and non-stationary nature for the processes of transfer and diffusion of harmful substances into the atmosphere emitted by industrial facilities to protect the ecology and environment from man-made factors. When mathematically modelling mass transfer in air, absorption coefficients were considered depending on climatic conditions and external disturbances, as well as adhesion coefficients of aerosol particles with vegetation and other weather and climatic factors. Analytical solutions and dual functionality were obtained, and solutions have been developed to optimize the location of industrial facilities in the region from the perspective of economic development and environmental protection. Numerical calculations have shown that the efficiency of particle capture by vegetation is a key factor depending on the type and size of vegetation and varying throughout the year. Experiments have confirmed that the concentration of harmful substances in the ground layer of the atmosphere decreases with increasing coefficients of absorption and capture of particles by vegetation. Computational experiments carried out on a computer have established that with an increase in the diffusion coefficient, the zone of distribution of pollutants expands.
The Impact of Economic Growth on Environmental Pollution: The Case of Uzbekistan
Authors: Muminova Elnorakhon A. , Usmanov Akramjon A. , Akhunova Shokhistakhon N. , Askarov Farhod R. , Mamasadikov Abror A.
Published: October 2024

This article examines the relationship between economic development and environmental pollution in Uzbekistan using the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) model. The main attention is paid to the analysis of the dynamics of emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere depending on indicators of economic activity, such as gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and coal consumption. To evaluate the data, the methods of correlation and regression analysis were used. The results of the study show that there is an inverse relationship between the level of economic development and the degree of environmental pollution after reaching a certain level of per capita income. The findings highlight the need to correctly account for environmental costs in economic policy and provide recommendations for improving the environmental situation in the country in the context of achieving sustainable development goals.
Does Export Diversification Matter for Ecological Footprint in Uzbekistan? Empirical Evidence from ARDL Approach
Authors: Sultanova Gavkhar , Djuraeva Rano , Ahmedov Azamat , Turaeva Suriya
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this paper is to conduct an empirical study of the impact of export diversification on the ecological footprint in Uzbekistan using the ARDL approach based on data from 1996-2020. The ARDL bound test for cointegration reveals the level relationship between the variables. Results of the Error Correction Model disclose that export diversification significantly mitigates the ecological footprint in Uzbekistan in the short and long run. The findings confirm the EKC hypothesis for Uzbekistan as an emerging economy. The relationship between ecological footprint and GDP per capita has an inverted U-shape. Renewable energy consumption and biocapacity are other significant factors negatively affecting ecological footprint in the long run. Export diversification towards eco-friendly products can be accompanied by a more sustainable use of natural resources and promote the adoption of green technologies and energy-efficient production methods that mitigate environmental degradation. The findings allow us to identify ways of achieving environmental sustainability in Uzbekistan.
Structural Changes in CO2 Emissions in Russia: Sector-Specific Features
Authors: Kuzmin Evgeny , Yunusova Nilufar , Rakhimova Guzalbegim
Published: October 2024

The study examines structural changes in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Russia from 1970 to 2022. The main focus is on the analysis of the emission dynamics in key sectors of the economy. Based on data from the EDGAR database, the authors perform correlation and regression analyses to identify relationships between emissions in different sectors. The research results show that Power Industry and Transport remain the primary sources of CO2 emissions, while the share of the Buildings and Fuel Exploitation sectors in total emissions has decreased. Correlation analysis revealed strong relationships between emissions in different sectors of the economy. Particularly significant correlations are observed between Agriculture and Processes, as well as between Agriculture and Buildings. The results of the regression analysis confirm the presence of strong relationships between CO2 emissions in these sectors, which can be used to forecast future changes. The findings emphasize the need for further efforts to reduce carbon footprints. The results can serve as an important tool for formulating strategic decisions and policies aimed at the transition to a low-carbon economy. The identified trends taken into account will allow one to adequately respond to modern challenges and ensure the sustainable development of the country in the long term.
The Role of the Butterfly Effect in Oil and Gas and Environmental Impact
Authors: Namazova Shoira , Jabborov Sardorbek , Madinabonu J. Temirkhanova
Published: October 2024

This study is devoted to analyzing the influence of the butterfly effect on accidents in the oil and gas industry and their consequences for the environment. The butterfly effect, which implies that small changes in a system can lead to significant and unpredictable consequences, plays a key role in the occurrence of catastrophic events in the industry. The study analyzes six major accidents, namely Exxon Valdez (1989), Deepwater Horizon (2010), Piper Alpha (1988), Prestige (2002), Kuwaiti Oil Fires (1991), and BP Texas City Refinery (2005). The cause-and-effect relationships leading to the accidents are identified and their environmental impacts, including water and soil contamination, marine animal mortality, biodiversity decline, and long-term economic losses are assessed. The results show that many accidents could have been prevented with stricter safety standards and the use of modern monitoring and warning technologies. Recommendations include strengthening international standards, implementing automated warning systems, improving personnel skills and creating a safety culture. This study highlights the need to further improve measures to prevent accidents and minimize their environmental impact, and to direct future research towards the development of new monitoring and prevention technologies and methods.
Overview of Sustainable Drip Irrigation Systems in Central Asia
Authors: Arifjanov Aybek , Samiev Luqmon , Jalilov Sirojiddin
Published: October 2024

Water scarcity is becoming an increasingly acute problem around the world, especially in the field of agriculture. Different kinds of irrigation system, e.g., drip irrigation, are developed and actively introduced to save water resources in arid regions. The study aims to review articles devoted to the implementation of drip irrigation systems in Central Asia countries. The array of the studies was retrieved from Scopus database for the 17-year period between 2007 and 2023 and totalled 32 articles. For the purpose of the study, all publications were categorized in several groups. Publications in scholarly journals were listed by publication numbers and citations. Relevant articles concentrated on drip irrigation in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. To specify the regions the articles originated from, two maps were drawn: the first one is for Kazakhstan with regions and the second one for Uzbekistan. All the publications were reviewed by their methodology and received some feedbacks. The article researched regions of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan and gave recommendations on the implementation of drip irrigation systems in regions of the two countries.
Technologies for Reducing Biowaste in the Dairy Industry
Authors: Fayziev Djunaidullo , Shukurov Izzat , Polyakova Oksana V. , Temirkhanova Mutabar J.
Published: October 2024

The work is devoted to the development of a technology for reducing the release of whey into the environment, which is produced in large volumes during traditional cheese and cottage cheese manufacturing processes. The proposed technology is based on the process of thermoacid coagulation of milk proteins, ensuring low-waste production and environmental protection by minimizing whey protein emissions and maximizing their extraction in combination with casein in the resulting protein masses. Research shows that increasing the heating temperature to 95°C decreases the mass fraction of proteins and solids in the released whey by 30.95% and 11.72%, respectively, compared to heating at 80°C. The mass fraction of whey proteins in the whey also decreases with increasing duration of heat exposure to 5 and 20 minutes by 0.36% and 2.6%, respectively. Furthermore, it was found that when the coagulation temperature of proteins in heat-treated milk (95°C, held for 5 minutes) is reduced from 95°C to 65°C, the degree of utilization of the solids in the protein masses remains at the same level. This indicates a significant reduction in the release of whey proteins into the environment. The improvement in consistency observed is important for expanding the range of protein products.
Green Technologies: Protective Shield Made of Bentonite Mats for Use in Municipal Waste Landfills
Authors: Martinova Natalia , Makhmudov Elyor , Kholikulov Mukhammad
Published: October 2024

Enhancing urbanization and growing waste volumes pose serious environmental risks, requiring effective solutions to prevent environmental pollution. Currently, the situation with landfills for storing municipal and industrial waste remains tense. Bentonite mats, due to their high absorption capacity, self-healing properties and resistance to physical stress are offered as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective means of protecting soil and water resources from harmful substances. The article considers the possibility of creating a bentonite shield to protect the base of a landfill and determines the required energy consumption. It is proposed to lay out mats by a stacker from standard bays of bentonite mats. The technology of sealing joints with bentonite granules is presented. For these purposes, it is proposed to use fan equipment. This design will protect the base of the landfill, withstanding sanitary, epidemiological and environmental requirements and prevent harmful substances from entering the soil and groundwater, preserving the ecological balance.
Green Heat and Wind Factors in Sustainable Urban Development of Mountain-Basin Relief
Authors: Shukurov Ilkhomzhon , Olimova Odina , Shukurova Lola , Urokov Olimjon , Nosurullaev Kodir
Published: October 2024

The article studies mountain basin relief’s influence on the heat and wind regime organization when developing it for sustainable urban planning purposes. Each time a unique relief is identified, it requires an individual design approach taking into account the identification of the aesthetic expressiveness of green settlement development. Depending on the slope, there may be different options for using the site. The article presents the features of the geometry of the mountain-basin space associated with the relative depth of the mountain basin. The thermal field of the mountain-basin space, which is formed due to the energy of incoming solar radiation and the internal heat of insolated urban development, is analyzed. The city’s mountain-basin terrain requires an individual design approach, taking into account the identification of the aesthetic expressiveness of green settlement development. Based on the generalization and analysis of studies of air flows’ structure, their direction, velocity, and temperature fields, as well as the characteristics of the microclimate in the development of the mountain-basin space, an aerodynamic picture of air movement arising under the influence of natural thermal forces was obtained. The thermal field of the mountain-basin space has been established, which is formed due to the energy of incoming solar radiation and the internal heat of insolated urban development. The proposed methodology for calculating the heat and wind conditions of development is the basis for preliminary forecasting, assessment, and regulation of heat and wind parameters, as well as optimization of the sustainable development planning of mountain-basin relief.
Green Jobs in a Sustainable Labor Market: Remote Work, Skills and Training
Authors: Irmatova Aziza , Iskandarova Dilafruz , Pirnazarova Gulnora , Mansurov Jakhongir , Xakimova Maxruya
Published: October 2024

In the face of rapidly growing environmental threats, the need to transition to a green economy based on the use of environmentally friendly technologies and resources comes to the fore. One of the most important aspects of this transition is the creation of green jobs that contribute to reducing negative environmental impacts and sustainable development. The article examines the concept of green jobs as they define their role in mitigating the climate crisis and contributing to economic growth. The required skills for these jobs are analyzed, including both technical and soft skills that enable successful completion of environmentally responsible tasks. The study explores the differences in skill requirements for green and non-green jobs, and the importance of training managers and workers to effectively operate remote work in the context of a green economy. Based on data from sociological surveys conducted in the Republic of Uzbekistan, a relationship is found between the levels of manager training and employee support when working remotely, which plays an important role in organizing green jobs. The findings highlight the significance of building appropriate skills for a successful transition to a green economy and sustainable development.
Assessment of the Impact of Green Economy Development on Employment
Authors: Arteeva Valeriia , Markaryan Eleonora , Doliev Samandar , Shomirov Azizbek
Published: October 2024

The relevance of this study is due to the growing attention to the development of green economy and its potential impact on employment. The purpose is to evaluate how green economic development affects employment in Russia, using panel data from 82 regions spanning the period from 2016 to 2020. To analyze the data, we use generalized linear regression models such as OLS, random effects, and fixed effects models. The final fixed effects model explains about 25% of the total variation in unemployment rates across different regions. However, evidence of cross-sectional dependence in the residuals suggests potential challenges, such as the omission of relevant variables that capture unobserved heterogeneity and inadequate consideration of spatial clustering within specific regions. The main results show that expenditure on environmental protection and maintenance of protected areas are positively linked with unemployment. This suggests that these expenditures may not directly lead to job creation. There could be several reasons for that: administrative costs, the delayed effect of environmental investments, or regional disparities in infrastructure and skilled labor availability.