bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalência de infecções urinárias em pacientes atendidos pelo sistema único de saúde e sua suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos
Authors: Beraldo-Massoli Mariana Casteleti , Nardi Caroline Peters Pigatto , Makino Lilian Cristina , Schocken-Iturrino Ruben Pablo
Published: June 2014

As infecções do trato urinário são comuns tanto nosocomial quanto na comunidade. As principaisbactérias comumente envolvidas são bastonetes Gram-negativos ou cocos Gram- positivos. Tratamentos inadequados destas infecções agravam o problema de resistência antimicrobiana. O presentetrabalho teve como objetivo determinar a frequência dos patógenos causadores de infecção urinária empacientes atendidos em postos de saúde da região de Jaboticabal, SP, no período de janeiro a abril de2009, bem como conhecer o perfil de suscetibilidade antimicrobiana das espécies bacterianas isoladas. Foram analisadas 84 uroculturas positivas nos meios CLED e MacConkey e, de acordo com ascaracterísticas morfológicas, as mesmas foram identificadas por provas bioquímicas direcionadas. Asmulheres apresentaram-se mais susceptíveis às infecções do trato urinário em 88% das amostras. AEscherichia coli foi a bactéria predominante em 62% das amostras, seguida de Enterobacter sp. (9%),Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus saprophyticus e Staphylococcus sp com 6% cada, Proteusmirabilis (5%), Streptococcus sp (2,4%), Staphylococcus aureus e Streptococcus do grupo D com 1,2%cada e Klebsiella oxytoca com 1%. A faixa etária de pacientes mais acometidos foi a de 13 a 40 anoscorrespondendo a 43% dos pacientes com infecção do trato urinário (ITU) atendidos.
Associação entre composição corporal, equilíbrio e mobilidade de idosos com 80 anos ou mais
Authors: Santos Vanessa R. dos , Christofaro Diego G. D. , Santos Lionai L. dos , Gomes Igor C. , Codogno Jamile S. , Freitas Júnior Ismael F.
Published: June 2014

Modelo do estudo: Estudo transversal. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a associação entre composição corporal, mobilidade e equilíbrio de idosos com idade igual ou superior a 80 anos. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 123 idosos com idade entre 80 e 95 anos (83,2±2,7 anos), sendo 78 mulheres (83,2±2,9 anos) e 45 homens (83,2±2,4 anos) residentes na área urbana de Presidente Prudente - SP. A avaliação da composição corporal foi feita pelo método de Absorciometria por Dupla Emissão de Raios-X (DEXA). A mobilidade e o equilíbrio foram avaliados por meio dos testes de velocidade para caminhar, equilíbrio estático e força de membros inferiores. Para tratamento estatístico realizou-se o teste qui-quadrado, o software utilizado foi SPSS (13.0) e o nível de significância estabelecido foi de 5%. Resultados: No grupo masculino, os idosos com maior desempenho nos testes funcionais apresentaram maiores valores percentuais de massa muscular (MM) (35,6%) comparados aos de menor desempenho (15,6%), p=0,026. No grupo feminino, as idosas com maior desempenho nos testes apresentaram maiores valores de densidade mineral óssea (DMO) (30,8%) comparadas as de menor desempenho (20,5%) p=0,041. Conclusão: A MM para idosos do sexo masculino e a DMO para o sexo feminino foram os componentes da composição corporal que se associaram com a capacidade funcional.
Perfil epidemiológico e clínico de pacientes portadores de artrite reumatóide em um hospital escola de medicina em Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil
Authors: Vaz Andrey Evangelista , Faria Júnior Wilmar Agostinho , S. Lazarski Cristina Ferreira , Carmo Humberto Franco do , Rocha Sobrinho Hermínio Maurício da
Published: June 2014

Objetivo: realizar uma análise das principais características clínico-demográficas de pacientes com artrite reumatóide (AR), em acompanhamento ambulatorial, em um Hospital Escola de Medicina em Goiânia-GO. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma análise epidemiológica, retrospectiva, de um conjunto de pacientes com artrite reumatóide acompanhados por um hospital universitário da região centro-oeste do Brasil. Foram analisados 500 prontuários médicos de pacientes atendidos no ambulatório de reumatologia no período de 2011 a 2012. Os dados dos prontuários foram transcritos para um documento de protocolo padronizado e validado por um médico reumatologista. Resultados: do total de 500 pacientes analisados, 43% apresentavam doenças reumáticas sistêmicas, 36% doenças osteoarticulares, 10% espondiloartrites e 11% outras doenças. Deste total, 5% eram pacientes portadores de AR.A relação entre o sexo feminino/masculino foi de 4:1, a média de idade dos pacientes foi de 50 ± 13,3 anos, com tempo médio de doença de 9,7 ± 5,6 anos. A história familiar de AR foi presente em 16% dos pacientes, 42% apresentavam alterações radiológicas na primeira consulta e 69% apresentavam comorbidades. Os principais sinais e sintomas referidos pelos pacientes foram dor articular (89%), rigidez articular matinal (73%) e edema articular (73%). As manifestações extra-articulares ocorreram em 21%, o fator reumatóide foi positivo em 68% dos pacientes e 26% do total de pacientes com AR eram positivos para autoanticorpos antinucleares. Apenas 10% dos pacientes realizavam tratamento fisioterapêutico e o fármaco mais utilizado como tratamento medicamento da AR foi o Metotrexato. Conclusão: este estudo proporcionou uma visão parcial do perfil epidemiológico de pacientes com AR de um hospital universitário em Goiânia-GO. Observou-se uma pequena utilização de marcadores diagnósticos da doença. Diante disso, propomos uma devolutiva para o ambulatório de reumatologia na tentativa de melhorar a qualidade e disponibilidade das informações médicas nos prontuários deste ambulatório do hospital escola de medicina da PUC Goiás.
Programa bebê saudável: compreendendo o processo de trabalho interdisciplinar na implementação das ações educativas
Authors: Matias Dallyane Mikaelle G , Bezerra Italla MP
Published: June 2014

Introdução: O trabalho interdisciplinar envolve a criatividade, originalidade e flexibilidade frente à diversidade de formas de pensar, os problemas e as suas soluções. Nessa prática não se pretende uma desvalorização ou negação das especialidades, mas se busca a superação da fragmentação do conhecimento, reconhecendo e respeitando as especificidades de cada área profissional. Objetivo: Compreender o processo de trabalho interdisciplinar por meio das ações educativas. Metodologia: Pesquisa qualitativa, realizada na cidade de Penaforte-CE em um programa voltado a gestantes. Foram sete profissionais de saúde os informantes da pesquisa, tendo a entrevista como instrumento de coleta, sendo os depoimentos organizados a partir da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Evidenciou-se que os profissionais atuantes no programa mostraram ter conhecimento acerca do conceito do que seja um processo de trabalho interdisciplinar, com otambém veem à educação em saúde como um processo didático. No entanto, apontam como dificuldades para efetivação das ações, a infraestrutura e a falta de recursos materiais. Conclusões: Torna-se necessário que as ações interdisciplinares continuem se concretizando nas atividades do programa através das ações de saúde, tendo em vista que ainda há muito que se fazer para ter uma melhoria na assistência prestada a gestante, uma vez que a efetivação do trabalho depende da relação entre profissional, gestantes e gestão do programa.
Gammaglobulin for primary immunodeficiency: when should it be used?
Authors: Roxo-Junior Pérsio
Published: June 2014

Antibodies are an essential component of the adaptative immune response and hold long-term memory of the immunological experiences throughout life. Antibody defects represent approximately half of the well-known primary immunodeficiencies requiring gammaglobulin replacement therapy. On the other hand this therapy can be used for some diseases that do not belong to this group, like hyper IgM syndrome, immunodeficiency with thymoma and severe combined immunodeficiency. This therapy is a safe procedure and induces dramatic improvement in the clinical outcome of patients, reducing the risks of death and complications.
Treatment of orgasmic urinary incontinence with physical therapy and weight loss
Authors: Duarte Thaiana B. , Bonacin Marilia , Ferreira Cristine J. H. , Lara Lúcia A. Silva , Brito Luiz Gustavo O.
Published: June 2014

Importance of the problem: Orgasmic urinary incontinence (OUI) is an uncommon finding among other types of urinary leakage. Treatment of this condition is not established. Aims: To describe the case of a patient who presented OUI and had a multidisciplinary treatment. Methods: An obese, 50-year patient complained of OUI with two sexual partners during her consultation. Pharmacological treatment with imipramine and anticholinergics were undertaken, without success. Results: Patient had an important subjective improvement after performing a treatment combination of biofeedback, electrostimulation, pelvic floor muscle training and behavioral measurements such as weight loss, improved after bariatric surgery. Comments: OUI is a complex disorder, without standard treatments and needs to be further investigated with larger, prospective samples. Combined physical therapy approaches should be considered when discussing treatment.
HV1 Acts as a Sodium Sensor and Promotes Superoxide Production in Medullary Thick Ascending Limb of Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats
Authors: Jin Chunhua , Sun Jingping , Stilphen Carly A. , Smith Susan M.E. , Ocasio Hiram , Bermingham Brent , Darji Sandip , Guha Avirup , Patel Roshan , Geurts Aron M. , Jacob Howard J. , Lambert Nevin A. , O’Connor Paul M.
Published: June 2014

We previously characterized a H
+
transport pathway in medullary thick ascending limb nephron segments that when activated stimulated the production of superoxide by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase. Importantly, the activity of this pathway was greater in Dahl salt-sensitive rats than salt-resistant (SS.13
BN
) rats, and superoxide production was enhanced in low Na
+
media. The goal of this study was to determine the molecular identity of this pathway and its relationship to Na
+
. We hypothesized that the voltage-gated proton channel, HV1, was the source of superoxide-stimulating H
+
currents. To test this hypothesis, we developed HV1
−/−
null mutant rats on the Dahl salt-sensitive rat genetic background using zinc-finger nuclease gene targeting. HV1 could be detected in medullary thick limb from wild-type rats. Intracellular acidification using an NH
4
Cl prepulse in 0 sodium/BaCl
2
containing media resulted in superoxide production in thick limb from wild-type but not HV1
−/−
rats (
P
<0.05) and more rapid recovery of intracellular pH in wild-type rats (ΔpH
I
0.005 versus 0.002 U/s,
P
=0.046, respectively). Superoxide production was enhanced by low intracellular sodium (<10 mmol/L) in both thick limb and peritoneal macrophages only when HV1 was present. When fed a high-salt diet, blood pressure, outer medullary renal injury (tubular casts), and oxidative stress (4-hydroxynonenal staining) were significantly reduced in HV1
−/−
rats compared with wild-type Dahl salt-sensitive rats. We conclude that HV1 is expressed in medullary thick ascending limb and promotes superoxide production in this segment when intracellular Na
+
is low. HV1 contributes to the development of hypertension and renal disease in Dahl salt-sensitive rats.
Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure, Incident Cardiovascular Events, and Death in Elderly Persons
Authors: Peralta Carmen A. , Katz Ronit , Newman Anne B. , Psaty Bruce M. , Odden Michelle C.
Published: June 2014

Whether limitation in the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL) or gait speed can identify elders in whom the association of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) with cardiovascular events (CVDs) and death differs is unclear. We evaluated whether limitation in ADL or gait speed modifies the association of systolic blood pressure or DBP with incident CVD (n=2358) and death (n=3547) in the Cardiovascular Health Study. Mean age was 78±5 and 21% reported limitation in ≥1 ADL. There were 778 CVD and 1289 deaths over 9 years. Among persons without and those with ADL limitation, systolic blood pressure was associated with incident CVD: hazard ratio [HR] (per 10-mm Hg increase) 1.08 (95% confidence interval, 1.03, 1.13) and 1.06 (0.97, 1.17), respectively. ADL modified the association of DBP with incident CVD. Among those without ADL limitation, DBP was weakly associated with incident CVD, HR 1.04 (0.79, 1.37) for DBP >80, compared with <65 mm Hg. Among those with ADL limitation, DBP was inversely associated with CVD: HR 0.65 (0.44, 0.96) for DBP 66 to 80 mm Hg and HR 0.49 (0.25, 0.94) for DBP >80, compared with DBP ≤65. Among people with ADL limitation, a DBP of 66 to 80 had the lowest risk of death, HR 0.72 (0.57, 0.91), compared with a DBP of ≤65. Associations did not vary by 15-feet walking speed. ADL can identify elders in whom diastolic hypotension is associated with higher cardiovascular risk and death. Functional status, rather than chronologic age alone, should inform design of hypertension trials in elders.
Description of Natatolana neglecta (Hansen, 1890) (Peracarida, Isopoda) from Spanish waters
Authors: Rincón Beatriz , Pérez Jacinto , Junoy Juan
Published: June 2014

Natatolana neglecta (Hansen, 1890) is described based on specimens collected from Galicia, northwestern Spain (northeastern Atlantic) and compared with material from Spanish collections and from the type locality (Naples, Mediterranean Sea). The species has rarely been recorded from the European Atlantic as there are only a few records, but the population appears to be common in the Ría de Arousa. New data on morphology and photos of live specimens are provided for the first time.
On a new record of the genus Uca (Decapoda, Brachyura, Ocypodidae) found along the coast of Pakistan
Authors: Saher N. U. , Saher N. U. , Sahir O. , Saher N. U. , Sahir O. , Shih H.-T. , Saher N. U. , Sahir O. , Shih H.-T. , Kamal M. , Saher N. U. , Sahir O. , Shih H.-T. , Kamal M. , Qureshi N. A.
Published: June 2014

This is the first record from Pakistan ofUca iranicaPretzmann, 1971, a species that occurs in mangrove areas.U. iranicanow appears to be one of the frequently and abundantly distributedUcaspecies on the coast of Pakistan. This species was previously reported from the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf. To date, four species ofUcaknown from Pakistan have been confirmed.
The Concept of Qawama: A Study of Interpretive Tensions
Authors: Cheema Shahbaz Ahmad
Published: June 2014

The concept ofqawamain Islam is viewed as a foundation of discriminatory treatment of women in the social and legal spheres. There are a range of interpretations of this concept propounded by traditionalists and modernists. This paper explores some of the interpretive tensions generated by these approaches. The traditionalist approaches are incapable of responding to contemporary concerns, while the modernist approaches leave other interpretive questions unanswered. An inclusive perspective ought to be adopted, which accords due reverence to the normative status of verse 4:34 of the Qurʾan, without sacrificing contemporary realities. The generic ethical message in the Qurʾan, along with the Prophet’s exemplary attitude, provide a framework for ameliorating the adverse implications ofqawamaembedded in the strict interpretations. Such an interpretation ofqawamawould be based on the recognition of the relative hierarchy of men and women, neither by the renunciation of all facets of hierarchy in the institution of the family, as contended by some modernists nor by interpreting the verse as an absolute hierarchy, as postulated by the traditionalists. This paper is constructed on the premise that the concept ofqawamais founded on Quranic verse 4:34, but how far this can be stretched or restricted is primarily a human domain.
Omnipresent Threats: A Comment on the Defence of Duress in International Criminal Law
Authors: Bond Jennifer , Fougere Meghan
Published: June 2014

This article argues that in the context of international criminal law, the defence of duress must be considered where an actor is compelled to commit a crime as a result of a sufficiently serious threat – even if the form of that threat is not explicit or direct and the pending harm will not necessarily occur within a specific period of time. Drawing on the current conflict in Syria to exemplify our argument, we advocate for an approach that allows consideration of the many environmental factors that may cumulatively create an ‘omnipresent threat’ that should not be disregarded by the criminal justice system. We propose that duress should be considered where the actor held a genuine and reasonable belief that she faced a sufficiently serious threat and that commission of the offence was the only way to escape the harm. We urge that Article 31(1)(d) of the Rome Statute be interpreted accordingly.
From Heroes to Victims: An Analysis of the Mutation of the Social Meaning of Child Soldiering
Authors: Nyamutata Conrad
Published: June 2014

Although a considerable body of scholarship on children and armed conflict has developed, little sociological, conceptual and historical analysis has been proffered to help our understanding of the dynamics of meaning-change to the current social conception of child soldiering. This article analyses the evolution of the prevailing ‘social meaning’ of child soldiering. To this end, it recognises the historical and current role of transnational agents in the mutation of the conception of child militarization and universalisation of its negative meaning. The article discusses how the meaning has influenced the legal construction of and regulation of such meaning through instruments in extant international and regional child law. The conviction and imprisonment of Democratic of Republic of Congo (DRC) rebel leader Thomas Lubanga by the International Criminal Court (ICC) in 2012 represented a concretization of the globalized opprobrious social perception of child soldiering through the penal process.
The Responsibility of the Netherlands for the Actions of Dutchbat: An Analysis of Nuhanović and Mustafić
Authors: Higgins Noelle
Published: June 2014

In two recent decisions the Dutch Supreme Court confirmed a decision of the Court of Appeal that the acts of Dutchbat in sending three Bosnian men, who were subsequently murdered by the Bosnian-Serb armed forces, away from its compound in Srebrenica in 1995 were attributable to the State. In addition, the Court confirmed that the State acted wrongfully in expelling the men from the compound. These decisions mark the first time an individual government has been deemed responsible for the conduct of its troops involved in a peacekeeping mission. Central to the decision were the issues of the attribution of responsibility, including the question of effective control in peacekeeping operations, and the wrongfulness of the peacekeepers’ actions.
Thomas Hobbes
Authors: Machamer Peter
Published: June 2014

In this essay, I present an overview of Hobbes as a consistent philosopher, perhaps the most consistent in the Early Modern period. First, I sketch how his endeavors have a cogency that is unrivalled, in many ways even to this day. Section 2 outlines Hobbes’s conception of philosophy and his causal materialism. Section 3 deals briefly with Hobbes’s discussion of sensation and then presents his views on the nature and function of language and how reason depends upon language. Section 4 treats human nature, and section 5 discusses the artificial body of the Commonwealth. All of this will move rather quickly, so that hopefully the sketch of the overall structure of Hobbes’s thought will be clear. At the end, I will try to correct a few misconceptions, and briefly to say why it was that Hobbes’ natural philosophy has been so unduly neglected.
International Criminal Court
Authors: Mariniello Triestino
Published: June 2014

Between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2013 the Chambers of the International Criminal Court (icc) delivered several notable judgments and decisions. This comment highlights the most important developments in 2013 concerning pre-trial proceedings, trial proceedings, appeal proceedings, complementarity principle and other developments.
Echeveria cerrograndensis (Crassulaceae) a new species from eastern calcareous Sierra de Manantlán, Colima, Mexico
Authors: Nieves-Hernández Gregorio , Vázquez-García José Antonio , Muñiz-Castro Miguel Angel , Cházaro-Basáñez Miguel
Published: June 2014

Echeveria cerrograndensis, a new species from eastern Sierra de Manantlán, in the Jalisco-Colima border, Western Mexico, is described and illustrated. This species belongs to series Gibbiflorae, it is morphologically related to E. fulgens but it differs from the latter in having smaller habit, margin straight to slightly undulate; glaucous to pale green or reddish leaves; lower number of flowers per branch and lower total number of flowers; shorter inflorescences, none bicolored corolla, and dark red thecae and nectaries. A key for the species of the E. fulgens complex is provided.
Enhancing the light absorbance of polymer solar cells by introducing pulsed laser-deposited CuIn0.8Ga0.2Se2 nanoparticles
Authors: Zhao Yu , Li Hui , Liu Xu-Jun , Guan Lei-Lei , Li Yan-Li , Sun Jian , Ying Zhi-Feng , Wu Jia-Da , Xu Ning
Published: June 2014

Evenly separated crystalline CuIn0.8Ga0.2Se2 (CIGS) nanoparticles are deposited on ITO-glass substrate by pulsed laser deposition. Such CIGS layers are introduced between conjugated polymer layers and ITO-glass substrates for enhancing light absorbance of polymer solar cells. The P3HT:PCBM absorbance between 300 and 650 nm is enhanced obviously due to the introduction of CIGS nanoparticles. The current density-voltage curves of a P3HT:PCBM/CIGS solar cell demonstrate that the short-circuit current density is improved from 0.77 to 1.20 mA/cm2. The photoluminescence spectra show that the excitons in the polymer are obviously quenched, suggesting that the charge transfer between the P3HT:PCBM and CIGS occurred. The results reveal that the CIGS nanoparticles may exhibit the localized surface plasmon resonance effect just as metallic nanostructures.

PACS

61.46. + w; 61.41.e; 81.15.Fg; 81.07.b
A case of hypertrophic lupus erythematosus with negative CD123 staining and transepidermal elimination of elastin
Authors: Hughes Matthew , Gardner Jerad M. , Gao Ling
Published: June 2014

We report the case of a 49-year-old male with clinical and histological findings consistent with hypertrophic lupus erythematosus (HLE). HLE must be clinically and histologically differentiated from keratoacanthoma, hypertrophic lichen planus, squamous cell carcinoma and plaque type psoriasis. CD123 positivity and transepidermal elimination of elastin have recently been reported as tools to distinguish HLE. Interestingly, in this case, biopsies of two separate lesions failed to reveal these two features. The etiology of this discrepancy is unknown and further studies are needed to clarify the utility of CD123 positivity and transepidermal elimination of elastin in the diagnosis of hypertrophic lupus erythematosus.
Does the linear Sry transcript function as a ceRNA for miR-138? The sense of antisense
Authors: Granados-Riveron Javier Tadeo , Aquino-Jarquin Guillermo
Published: June 2014

Recently, the sex determining region Y (Sry) and the cerebellar degeneration-related protein 1 (CDR1as) RNA transcripts have been described to function as a new class of post-transcriptional regulatory RNAs that behave as circular endogenous RNA sponges for the micro RNAs (miRNAs) miR-138 and miR-7, respectively. A special feature of the Sry gene is its ability to generate linear and circular transcripts, both transcribed in the sense orientation. Here we remark that both sense (e.g. Sry RNA) and antisense (e.g. CDR1as) transcripts could circularize and behave as miRNAs sponges, and importantly, that also protein-coding segments of mRNAs could also assume this role. Thus, it is reasonable to think that the linear Sry sense transcript could additionally act as a miRNA sponge, or as an endogenous competing RNA for miR-138.
Validation of the peroneal nerve test to diagnose critical illness polyneuropathy and myopathy in the intensive care unit: the multicentre Italian CRIMYNE-2 diagnostic accuracy study
Authors: Latronico Nicola , Nattino Giovanni , Guarneri Bruno , Fagoni Nazzareno , Amantini Aldo , Bertolini Guido ,   and GiVITI Study Investigators
Published: June 2014

Objectives: To evaluate the accuracy of the peroneal nerve test (PENT) in the diagnosis of critical illness polyneuropathy (CIP) and myopathy (CIM) in the intensive care unit (ICU). We hypothesised that abnormal reduction of peroneal compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude predicts CIP/CIM diagnosed using a complete nerve conduction study and electromyography (NCS-EMG) as a reference diagnostic standard.

Design: prospective observational study.

Setting: Nine Italian ICUs.

Patients: One-hundred and twenty-one adult (≥18 years) neurologic (106) and non-neurologic (15) critically ill patients with an ICU stay of at least 3 days.

Interventions: None.

Measurements and main results: Patients underwent PENT and NCS-EMG testing on the same day conducted by two independent clinicians who were blind to the results of the other test. Cases were considered as true negative if both NCS-EMG and PENT measurements were normal. Cases were considered as true positive if the PENT result was abnormal and NCS-EMG showed symmetric abnormal findings, independently from the specific diagnosis by NCS-EMG (CIP, CIM, or combined CIP and CIM). All data were centrally reviewed and diagnoses were evaluated for consistency with predefined electrophysiological diagnostic criteria for CIP/CIM.

During the study period, 342 patients were evaluated, 124 (36.3%) were enrolled and 121 individuals with no protocol violation were studied. Sensitivity and specificity of PENT were 100% (95% CI 96.1-100.0) and 85.2% (95% CI 66.3-95.8). Of 23 patients with normal results, all presented normal values on both tests with no false negative results. Of 97 patients with abnormal results, 93 had abnormal values on both tests (true positive), whereas four with abnormal findings with PENT had only single peroneal nerve neuropathy at complete NCS-EMG (false positive).

Conclusions: PENT has 100% sensitivity and high specificity, and can be used to diagnose CIP/CIM in the ICU.
Yeast Augmented Network Analysis (YANA): a new systems approach to identify therapeutic targets for human genetic diseases
Authors: Wiley David J. , Juan Ilona , Le Hao , Cai Xiaodong , Baumbach Lisa , Beattie Christine , D'Urso Gennaro
Published: June 2014

Genetic interaction networks that underlie most human diseases are highly complex and poorly defined. Better-defined networks will allow identification of a greater number of therapeutic targets.

Here we introduce ourYeastAugmentedNetworkAnalysis (YANA) approach and test it with the X-linked spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) disease geneUBA1. First, we expressUBA1and a mutant variant in fission yeast and use high-throughput methods to identify fission yeast genetic modifiers ofUBA1. Second, we analyze available protein-protein interaction network databases in both fission yeast and human to constructUBA1genetic networks. Third, from these networks we identified potential therapeutic targets for SMA. Finally, we validate one of these targets in a vertebrate (zebrafish) SMA model. This study demonstrates the power of combining synthetic and chemical genetics with a simple model system to identify human disease gene networks that can be exploited for treating human diseases.
Skin necrosis due to fluindione treatment: a rare but serious complication
Authors: Beqqal K. , Horellou M.H. , Philippe A. , Gelas M. Alhene , Flaujac C. , Gorin I. , Jacobelli S. , Dupin N. , Hassam B. , Avril M.F.
Published: June 2014

In the setting of protein C deficiency, skin necrosis, which occurs most often at the initial phase of oral anticoagulants therapy, is a rare side effect. Six cases have previously been reported in the literature. In this case report, we present a protein C deficient 42-year-old woman who was being treated for venous thrombosis. Five days after the initiation of oral anticoagulant treatment, she developed extensive skin necrosis on her left calf, followed by a painful leg ulcer. The pathogenesis underlying skin necrosis caused by anticoagulation therapy is still not clear. Despite only a few cases being reported in the literature, it is important to recognise this complication since adequate therapeutic approaches leading to a stable anticoagulation state may prevent it.
Nurse call systems: ensuring a fast response to emergencies
Authors: Dewsbury Guy , Ballard Debbie
Published: June 2014

Guy Dewsbury and Debbie Ballard talk us through the evolution of the nurse call system and suggest ways in which care and residential homes can use telecare to ensure residents are safe and that providers adhere to appropriate legislation
An update on the CQC inspection findings in the last year
Authors:   Care Quality Commission
Published: June 2014

The article provides a summary of the Care Quality Commission's inspection findings for the 2012/13 business year in the adult social care sector, as reported in the State of Health Care and Adult Social Care in England 2012/13
Performance Writing: Twenty-years and still counting
Authors: Hall John
Published: June 2014

This article by the launch director of the first degree in Performance Writing, reviews the early 1990s intentions in the light of subsequent changes in the textual environment. The author argues that the original intention to take a broad view of textuality, seen as inseparable from the technologies, cultural practices and domains of conceptual enquiry that sustain it, rather than pursue the narrower, more established, literary and academic notion of ‘creative writing’, still hold good. He reconsiders the two words that make up the name, together with the related notion of performativity, and argues that it remains productive for writing to continue to treat these as problematic and unsettled. Significant developments in digital textuality are acknowledged within an argument that these can usefully remain within a Performance Writing frame of reference. Implications of changes to the ethos and funding of both arts and education are briefly considered.
Performance Writing network: A dialogue between Nathan Jones and Mary Paterson
Authors: Jones Nathan , Paterson Mary
Published: June 2014

This paper sets out to collaboratively explore the notion of the Performance Writing Network.  It documents and reconstitutes a conversation which took place between the authors in late-2012, across Facebook, Twitter and blogging services. The process of re-situating this conversation into a page format for the journal has resulted in a range of unconventional formatting decisions, which reflect on the nature of online writing as a performative and networked activity. The authors retain and draw attention to the stylistic quirks of online (and therefore public, and performative) writing – the incessant ‘paratexts’ of dating and html location, and the simultaneity of thought, composition and redraft.  Together, the style and content of the paper give an indication of the thematic and temporal folds which occur in textual conversation (or networking) in online space.
Media cross-ownership and threat to diversity: A discourse analysis of news coverage on the permission for cross-ownership between broadcasters and newspapers in South Korea
Authors: Sup Park Chang
Published: June 2014

Media diversity is an essential policy goal in achieving democracy. This study deals with how the press covered the issue of media cross-ownership which was recently allowed in South Korea. To this end, it analysed 210 news articles from two newspapers that have contrasting political stances, using critical discourse analysis. The analysis compared news discourse between two contrasting newspapers from political, social and economic values that constitute public interest. The results reveal that Joongang, a typical commercial newspaper, advocated cross-ownership based on economic values ignoring social values. On the other hand, Hankyoreh, a representative liberal newspaper, opposed the deregulation of cross-ownership on the basis of social values instead of economic values. In addition, the present study finds that while Joongang highlighted outlet diversity, Hankyoreh deemed content diversity as more important than outlet diversity. The findings also indicate that debate on media cross-ownership can be seriously interrupted when the media put more emphasis on private interest than on public interest. The current research suggests that a desirable goal of media cross-ownership should be pursued on the basis of a solid public interest standard, which is not compromised by political intervention and is supported by political, economic and social values.
The sincerest form of irony: Fun and games in a post-September 11 world
Authors: Reeve Charles
Published: June 2014

A look at the ironic sensibility of artist's reactions to the World Trade Center attack by turning to media that historically have been coded as incapable of performing seriousness and competence - comics, animation and video games. The article provides close readings of: Art Spiegelman's comic In the Shadow of No Towers, Joe Peragine's animation 9/11/01, and Ben Langlands and Nikki Bell's video game The House of Osama bin Laden. Together, works highlight the inadequacy not only of their responses, but of any response.
Frames of atrocity: Resistance and left melancholy
Authors: Frascina Francis
Published: June 2014

This article considers current dilemmas for artists and critics who desire to respond to contemporary violence, trauma and atrocity free of any melancholic attachment to past politics and ideals - a failed or lost campaign or struggle. Described by Walter Benjamin as the problem of 'left melancholy', its persistence in the 1990s and beyond into the post-September 11 era necessitated seizing possibilities to embrace and develop radical ways of responding to contemporary events. The article explores theories and art practices that address pressing questions without preconceived answers. Given the horror of the present, what would an effective political intervention in the field of imagery be like? How to avoid the premature - melancholic - validation of available paradigms of representation to produce enabling cultural work? Recent examples by Regina José Galindo, Mark Boulos, Renzo Martens, Alfredo Jaar and Lars Laumann are examined in the light of such questions.
Sliding Wear of TiCN PVD Coated Prealloyed Chromium Sintered Steel
Authors: Bidulský Róbert , Bidulská Jana , Actis Grande Marco
Published: June 2014

The present paper deals with the sliding wear behaviour of prealloyed chromium sintered steel (Fe-1.5Cr-0.2Mo) with graphite powder added in the amount of 0.7%. The wear characteristics, such as profilograms, wear tracks morphology and wear curves of the as sintered specimens and TiCN coating were investigated through pin-on-disk tests. The specimens were sintered in pusher furnace at the temperature of 1453 K for 2400 s in a nitrogen-hydrogem atmosphere. Dominant bainitic microstructures with evident features of plastic deformation at the worn surface were detected. The coating of the investigated prealloyed steels increases the wear resistance in comparison with the as-sintered state according to the wear curves. Microstructural and EDX analyses confirmed that delamination and oxidation wear are the main wear mechanism in wear tests.
Effect of consolidation parameters and heat treatment on microstructures and mechanical properties of SiCp/2024 Al composites
Authors: Hao Shiming , Xie Jingpei , Wang Aiqin , Wang Wenyan , Li Jiwen
Published: June 2014

The aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of vacuum hot pressing sintering temperature, sintering time and pressure on the properties of SiCp/2024Al composites. The microstructures and mechanical properties were tested by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and a mechanical testing machine. The results indicated that increasing hot pressing temperature decreased the number of pores and increased the density and interfacial bonding strength, and improved the mechanical properties of the composites. The composite fabricated at 580°C exhibited the optimum tensile strength, excessive hot pressing temperature easily produced micro-cracks, and the liquid aluminum extrusion and the reduction of Al2 Cu phase. Prolonged sintering times had an adverse effect on the strength of the composite. A hot vacuum pressure needed to be higher than 60 MPa to achieve densification of composites above 99%. Solution treatment plus aging of the composites resulted in a significant improvement in strength and hardness. The higher the sintering temperature, the shorter the time taken to achieve the hardness peak.
Toward a Better Fiscal Governance?
Authors: Damonte Alessia
Published: June 2014

Despite many reforms, evidence from the past decade proves the Italian fiscal policy still being “irresponsible.” The article understands the problem from a public choice perspective: irresponsibility is a natural result of unconstrained “raw politics,” yet proper institutional designs can bring it under control. It then presents qualitative data showing how Italian irresponsibility follows inappropriate constraints, and explains why the recent European provisions can support a fruitful institutional change.
Liberal Anguish
Authors: Rosenberg Anat
Published: June 2014

Anat Rosenberg, “Liberal Anguish: Wuthering Heights and the Structures of Liberal Thought” (pp. 1–25)

After decades of sustained academic critiques along established lines, liberalism has recently attracted renewed evaluations. These readings treat complexity as inherent in liberalism, and proceed to explore its structures beyond suspicious hermeneutics. This essay argues that Emily Brontë’s Wuthering Heights (1847) constitutes an early and sophisticated argument about the structures of complexity in liberalism. Not only does Brontë’s novel merit entry into the discussion as a conceptual contribution, but it also offers an aesthetic enactment of the anguish that liberal structures of complexity were to evoke for generations to follow, an anguish experienced already at its troubled reception.
In the Shadow of the Butcher
Authors: Wells Julia C.
Published: June 2014

The year-long commemoration of the bicentennial of Grahamstown, South Africa, exposed the wide gap between heritage practitioners, broadly defined, and much of the general public in confronting a troubled past. Although experts and a few community members enthusiastically promoted social healing through a variety of creative activities, much of the public retreated from participation. The nature of a full year of commemorative events is significantly different from many other forms of heritage work in South Africa today, because it engages the general public rather than a few select individuals. The Project revealed the still strong racial divide and self-concepts of many South Africans.
Reactionary Nationalism and Museum Controversies
Authors: Takenaka Akiko
Published: June 2014

Using Peace Osaka (an exhibit facility known for its portrayal of the Japanese military’s aggressions during the Asia-Pacific War) as a case study, this essay examines the shift in ways that the war has been portrayed in Japanese museums. Echoing the neo-revisionist turn, a trend that is increasingly apparent in various venues including cultural production and policy making, the exhibit at Peace Osaka will soon be changed in its entirety to erase any traces of aggressive behavior by the Japanese military. The essay argues that the recent shift to neo-revisionism is an example of “reactionary nationalism”: a response to earlier acknowledgements of war responsibility that was not based on a historical understanding of the past.
What I’ve Learned Along the Way
Authors: Weyeneth Robert R.
Published: June 2014

In this biographically reflective essay, the author identifies two themes that have informed his public history work in communities with historical secrets, in civil rights history, and on the architecture of racial segregation: the importance of acknowledging and remembering the “dark past” and of asking questions from the perspective of place. His projects have taught him to look for the pukas or gaps, to cast down his bucket and engage nearby history, to think ecologically by hitching case studies to broad patterns of meaning, and to accept that the impact of projects may be catalytic rather than conclusive. He argues that the interpretive fluidity of history is a mystery to the general public and suggests that sites and museums teach what history is, as well as what history happened at a property. He offers a way to do this by “telling the whole story” through recognizing the history of site management and exhibiting the process of site interpretation.
Estudo preliminar da preferência de cor para rota e seta de manobra em mapas de sistemas de guia de rota
Authors: Ramos Ana Paula Marques , Pugliesi Edmur Azevedo , Decanini Mônica Modesta Santos , Tachibana Vilma Mayumi
Published: June 2014

Os Sistemas de Navegação e Guia de Rota em Automóvel (SINGRA), comerciais ou gratuitos, vêm adotando diferentes projetos gráficos para os mapas que apoiam a tarefa de navegação. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a preferência de um grupo de motoristas pela cor da rota e da seta de manobra para mapas destes sistemas. Um total de 54 motoristas (27 homens e 27 mulheres) participou de um experimento que ocorreu em um automóvel estacionado. Duas representações cartográficas foram produzidas para avaliar a preferência pela cor da rota, e outras duas representações para avaliar a preferência pela cor da seta de manobra. Para a cor da rota, utilizou-se o preto e o matiz azul, e para a cor da seta, utilizou-se os matizes verde e vermelho. As representações foram exibidas em um monitor de navegação sete polegadas. Os resultados indicam que a maioria dos motoristas prefere a rota em preto. Porém, os motoristas experientes com SINGRA apresentam tendência para a rota no matiz azul. A seta em verde foi preferida pela grande maioria dos motoristas e nenhuma relação foi encontrada com as características individuais. Neste estudo, conclui-se que a preferência dos motoristas foi influenciada por diferentes fatores, tais como agrupamento perceptivo por cor, forma e proximidade, associação subjetiva ou convencional e pelo nível de contraste entre as feições do mapa. Recomenda-se avaliar o desempenho das representações cartográficas na tarefa de manutenção em rota para corroborar a influência do projeto gráfico dos mapas na usabilidade dos sistemas de guia de rota.
Including Don't know answer options in brand image surveys improves data quality
Authors: Dolnicar Sara , Grün Bettina
Published: June 2014

How do respondents use the Don't know answer option in surveys? We investigate this question in the context of brand image measurement, using an experimental design with about 2,000 respondents and, for the first time, considering a range of commonly used answer formats. Results indicate that Don't know options are primarily used when respondents genuinely cannot answer the question, as opposed to representing a quick, low-effort option to complete a survey. Two practical conclusions arise from this study: (1) a Don't know option should be offered in cases where it is expected that some respondents may be unfamiliar with some brands under study; and (2) answer formats without a midpoint should be used in brand image studies because midpoints can either be falsely misinterpreted as an alternative to ticking the Don't know option, or used as an avenue for respondent satisficing.
Asymmetry in leader image effects and the implications for leadership positioning in the 2010 British general election
Authors: Mortimore Roger , Baines Paul , Crawford Ian , Worcester Robert , Zelin Andrew
Published: June 2014

Using national survey data on voters’ perceptions of party leaders during the 2010 British general election campaign, we use logistic regression analysis to explore the association between specific image attributes and overall satisfaction for each leader. We find attribute-satisfaction relationships differ in some respects between the three main party leaders, demonstrating that leader image effects are not symmetrical across leaders. We find evidence that negative perceptions have more powerful effects on satisfaction than positive ones, implying that parties should seek to determine a leader's image attribute perceptions measured against the public's expectations of them on the same dimensions. The positions that campaigners ought then to choose are those that will have the most beneficial effect in encouraging voting behaviour for each particular leader or discouraging voting behaviour for an opponent.
Land of 10,000 Facts: Minnesota’s New Digital Encyclopedia
Authors: Huber Molly
Published: June 2014

Mnopedia is the recently created, born digital encyclopedia of the state of Minnesota. It is a project of the Minnesota Historical Society (MNHS), the state’s leading cultural heritage institution and one of the largest and oldest historical societies in the nation. The MNHS has been in existence since 1849 and tells the story of Minnesota’s past through exhibitions, extensive libraries and collections, twenty-six historic sites, educational programs, book publishing, and both financial and inkind assistance to county and local historical societies throughout the state. It provides a strong base for an encyclopedia to grow from.
The Invisible City: Exploring the Third Something of Urban Life
Authors: Martinez Francisco
Published: June 2014

With this article I intend to contribute to the debate about how to study urban life. Firstly, I argue for the relevance of invisible and silent aspects of cities and inbetween sutures, which I understand to mean a third ’something’ beyond forms and flows. Secondly, I explore several examples and draw on arguments from Wittgenstein and Lefebvre to frame this hypothesis. Thirdly, I use the chess game as a metaphor to illustrate the multiplicity and unpredictability of engagements of urban life. Finnally, I propose to approach cities in an open-ended and ordinary way, paying attention to dialectically interconnected processes and the particular conditions of possibility for knowledge.
Pheno-Copter: A Low-Altitude, Autonomous Remote-Sensing Robotic Helicopter for High-Throughput Field-Based Phenotyping
Authors: Chapman Scott , Merz Torsten , Chan Amy , Jackway Paul , Hrabar Stefan , Dreccer M. , Holland Edward , Zheng Bangyou , Ling T. , Jimenez-Berni Jose
Published: June 2014

Plant breeding trials are extensive (100s to 1000s of plots) and are difficult and expensive to monitor by conventional means, especially where measurements are time-sensitive. For example, in a land-based measure of canopy temperature (hand-held infrared thermometer at two to 10 plots per minute), the atmospheric conditions may change greatly during the time of measurement. Such sensors measure small spot samples (2 to 50 cm2), whereas image-based methods allow the sampling of entire plots (2 to 30 m2). A higher aerial position allows the rapid measurement of large numbers of plots if the altitude is low (10 to 40 m) and the flight control is sufficiently precise to collect high-resolution images. This paper outlines the implementation of a customized robotic helicopter (gas-powered, 1.78-m rotor diameter) with autonomous flight control and software to plan flights over experiments that were 0.5 to 3 ha in area and, then, to extract, straighten and characterize multiple experimental field plots from images taken by three cameras. With a capacity to carry 1.5 kg for 30 min or 1.1 kg for 60 min, the system successfully completed >150 flights for a total duration of 40 h. Example applications presented here are estimations of the variation in: ground cover in sorghum (early season); canopy temperature in sugarcane (mid-season); and three-dimensional measures of crop lodging in wheat (late season). Together with this hardware platform, improved software to automate the production of ortho-mosaics and digital elevation models and to extract plot data would further benefit the development of high-throughput field-based phenotyping systems.