bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of myopia and optic disc area on ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness
Authors: Ganekal Sunil , MH Sadhwini , Kagathur Shivanna
Published: June 2021

Purpose:

The aim of this work was to study the impact of myopia and different optic disc areas on ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness profiles in myopic patients by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study of 100 eyes of 50 myopic individuals. All patients underwent complete ophthalmic evaluation and SD-OCT examination. According to spherical equivalent (SE), patients were divided into M1, M2, and M3 (low, moderate, and high myopia group). According to optic disc area values, patients were divided into D1, D2 and D3 (small, medium and large disc groups). Average GCIPL and RNFL thickness recorded globally and separately for all quadrants and also according to 12 clock hours and analyzed with respect to different myopic groups, optic disc area groups, and axial length.

Results:

Quadrantic RNFL thickness profiles and their average RNFL thickness were significantly thinner in high myopic group compared to low myopic group, except for the temporal quadrant (P < 0.05). Average RNFL and RNFL thickness of all quadrants were significantly thicker in the large disc group than in the small disc group (P < 0.05). Average GCIPL and GCIPL thicknesses of all sectors were significantly thinner in high myopic group compared to low myopic group (P < 0.05). No significant correlation was observed between GCIPL and disc area changes. Average RNFL thickness correlated significantly with SE (3.667 μm/diopter), axial length (–5.3805 μm/mm) and optic disc area (9.4617 μm/mm2). Also, average GCIPL thickness correlated statistically significantly with SE (1.6807 μm/diopter) and axial length (–2.626 μm/mm).

Conclusion:

Myopia and axial length significantly reduce RNFL and GCIPL thickness profiles but the optic disc area significantly increases RNFL thickness, but not GCIPL thickness.
The effect of smoking on ocular surface and tear film based on clinical examination and optical coherence tomography
Authors: Bhutia Pinkila , Sen Snigdha , Nath Tirupati , Shamshad Mohammad Abid
Published: June 2021

Purpose:

Smoking is a global health problem with a high burden of smokers in India and the world as well. Smoking is a known eye irritant that may have a significant effect on the anterior ocular surface. Hence, the present study was aimed to investigate the effect of smoking on dry eye parameters, ocular surface, and central corneal thickness (CCT) and to compare the results with nonsmokers.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, 40 (80 eyes) smokers and 40 (80 eyes) age-matched nonsmokers were included. The severity of ocular surface disease symptoms was assessed by the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) tool. All participants underwent a series of measurements, that is, the Schirmer’s II test score and tear breakup time (TBUT). Tear meniscus height (TMH) and CCT were measured using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Results:

The mean value of all dry eye parameters was statistically different among the group of smokers and nonsmokers. The mean score of symptomatic assessment (OSDI) was observed to be significantly higher in smokers than in nonsmokers (P < 0.0001), and dry eye parameters, that is, Schirmer’s score (P = 0.0127), TMH (P < 0.0001), and TBUT (P < 0.0001) were significantly lower among smokers than nonsmokers. There was no significant difference in CCT between smokers and nonsmokers (P = 0.06).

Conclusion:

Cigarette smoking has deteriorating effects on the ocular surface. Exposure to smoking was found to be associated with dryness of the eye. Further studies are needed on a molecular basis.
The relationship between corneal subbasal nerve density and corneal sensitivity in patients with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy
Authors: Dikmetas Ozlem , Kocabeyoglu Sibel , Mocan Mehmet Cem , Karahan Sevilay , İrkec Murat
Published: June 2021

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between alterations in corneal subbasal nerve plexus and tactile corneal sensitivity in patients with Fuchs’ endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD).

Methods:

This retrospective, cross-sectional study included 24 (10 M/14 F) patients with FECD and 25 age- and sex-matched (10 M/15 F) healthy subjects as controls. Subjects with FECD were classified as having early (grades 1 and 2) and late (grades 3 and 4) disease. All subjects underwent central corneal tactile sensitivity measurements with the Cochet–Bonnet esthesiometer (Luneau Ophthalmologie, Chartres, France) and subbasal nerve density evaluation using in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM). Association between corneal nerve plexus density and corneal sensitivity alterations were evaluated using the Mann–Whitney U test and the Spearman correlation test.

Results:

Compared to healthy subjects (mean age = 60.4 ± 7.5 years), patients with FECD (mean age = 60.6 ± 8.0 years) had worse central corneal sensitivity scores (5.9 ± 0.1 cm vs. 4.2 ± 0.8 cm; P < 0.001), reduced corneal nerve fibers (3.4 ± 1.3 nerves/frame vs. 5.0 ± 0.9 nerves/frame; P < 0.001) and lower corneal subbasal nerve plexus densities (2229.4 ± 364.3 μm/mm2 vs. 1901.6 ± 486.8 μm/mm2; P = 0.050). Patients with late stage FECD demonstrated lower subbasal nerve densities as compared to those with early disease (2204.3 ± 313.1 μm/mm2 (range = 1523–2552 μm/mm2); 1397.1 ± 227.4 μm/mm2 (range = 1120-1834 μm/mm2); P < 0.001). In the FECD group, subbasal nerve density was found to be directly correlated with corneal sensitivity scores (r = 0.457, P = 0.025).

Conclusion:

Progressive loss of the corneal subbasal nerve plexus appears to be a consistent feature of FECD. Reduction of the corneal nerve plexus parallels the decrease in corneal sensitivity in this patient population.
Subjective outcome and quality of life following external dacryocystorhinostomy
Authors: Dani Koshal , Yadalla Dayakar , Joy Anupama , Wu Annie M , R Jayagayathri
Published: June 2021

Purpose:

To assess the patient reported outcome and quality of life in post external dacryocystorhinostomy operated patients.

Methods:

A prospective questionnaire based study was carried out on 112 patients diagnosed with chronic dacryocystitis who underwent external dacryocystorhinostomy in the department of Orbit and Oculoplasty at a tertiary eye hospital in South India.

Results:

We included 112 cases in our study. Mean (SD) of the age of patients was 48.03 (12.79) years and ranged from 7 to 72 years of age. 44 (39.3%) patients were males and 68 (60.7%) were females. All cases had subjective symptoms of tearing, pain and swelling at baseline which were relieved by post-operative 3 in all cases. The mean (SD) best corrected visual acuity was 0.28 (0.39) at baseline and 0.25 (0.37) at postoperative 3 (p < 0.001). All four parameters studied in the GBI questionnaire - total mean GBI (32.22 vs 48.86, P < 0.001), general subscale (31.21 vs 44.08, P < 0.001), social health (46.28 vs 61.01, P < 0.001), physical outcome (22.17 vs 55.80, P = 0.0001) scores showed significant improvement from 1 vs 3 months post DCR.

Conclusion:

The GBI questionnaire is an effective tool for assessing patients’ quality of life following DCR. External DCR can not only produce a successful anatomical outcome but also bring about a measurable improvement in subjective symptoms and quality of life among patients with symptomatic NLDO.
Corneal endothelial morphology and central corneal thickness in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Chowdhury Bithi , Bhadra Sangeeta , Mittal Pramod , Shyam Kishore
Published: June 2021

Purpose:

This study aimed to examine the corneal endothelial morphology and thickness in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and compare them with age and sex-matched nondiabetic controls.

Methods:

This hospital-based cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the ophthalmology department of a tertiary hospital consisting of 262 patients (131 with T2DM as cases and 131 without diabetes who served as controls). All patients underwent a comprehensive ocular examination including visual acuity, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, intraocular pressure measurement. Central corneal thickness (CCT), endothelial cell density (ECD), coefficient of variance (CV), and percentage of hexagonal cells (HEX) were compared between the cases and controls. Predictors of corneal endothelial dysfunctions were analyzed. Data analysis was done by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0. Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and Spearman’s rho correlation analysis were used as appropriate.

Results:

Patients with T2DM showed poorer visual acuity and higher intraocular pressure. As compared to controls, patients with T2DM had thicker CCT, lesser ECD, decreased HEX, and higher CV but the differences were statistically nonsignificant. HbA1c levels showed a significant positive correlation with CCT and CV and a negative correlation with ECD. Macroalbuminuria and higher albumin creatinine ratio was associated with an increase in CV in patients with T2DM.

Conclusion:

Our study showed that poorly controlled patients with T2DM and those with macroalbuminuria have corneal endothelial abnormalities.
Ten-year outcomes of uveal melanoma based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) classification in 1001 cases
Authors: Shields Carol L , Mayro Eileen L , Bas Zeynep , Dockery Philip W , Yaghy Antonio , Lally Sara E , Ganguly Arupa , Shields Jerry A
Published: June 2021

Purpose:

To understand the prognostic value of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) for uveal melanoma metastasis, using a simplified 4-category classification, based on tumor DNA.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort study of 1001 eyes with uveal melanoma at a single center, categorized according to TCGA as Group A, B, C, or D (by fine-needle aspiration biopsy for DNA analysis), and treated with standard methods, was studied for melanoma-related metastasis at 5 and 10 years.

Results:

Of 1001 eyes with uveal melanoma, the TCGA categories included Group A (n = 486, 49%), B (n = 141, 14%), C (n = 260, 26%), and D (n = 114, 11%). By comparison, increasing category (A vs. B vs. C vs. D) was associated with features of older age at presentation (56.8 vs. 52.8 vs. 61.1 vs. 63.5 years, P < 0.001), less often visual acuity of 20/20–20/50 (80% vs. 67% vs. 70% vs. 65%, P = 0.001), tumor location further from the optic disc (P < 0.001) and foveola (P < 0.001), and greater median tumor basal diameter (10.0 vs. 13.0 vs. 14.0 vs. 16.0 mm, P < 0.001) and tumor thickness (3.5 vs. 5.2 vs. 6.0 vs. 7.1 mm, P < 0.001). The Kaplan–Meier (5-year/10-year) rate of metastasis was 4%/6% for Group A, 12%/20% for Group B, 33%/49% for Group C, and 60%/not available for Group D.

Conclusion:

A simplified 4-category classification of uveal melanoma using TCGA, based on tumor DNA, is highly predictive of risk for metastatic disease.
Prescription of near addition and its relation to accommodative reserve in presbyopia - The dichotomy between theory and practice
Authors: Deepu Susmi , Kujur Evon Selina , Horo Saban , Priyanka Nancy , Selvin Satheesh Solomon T , Kuriakose Thomas
Published: June 2021

Purpose:

To study the relationship between the amplitude of accommodation (AA) measured by the Royal Air Force (RAF) rule and near addition (NA) prescribed in presbyopic patients to assess how far practice is different from theoretical recommendations.

Methods:

Patients, aged 40 to 60 years with best corrected vision of 6/6 N5 were included in this cross sectional observational study. AA was measured using the RAF rule. Refined with near Duochrome chart, the NA was given with the chart at 40 cm. Accommodative reserve was calculated from the measured AA, NA required and the calculated additional accommodation expended by the patient for reading. The percentage of reserve was calculated with and without the correction for depth-of-field.

Results:

A total of 130 patients were studied. In the patients above 50 years of age, the negative correlation of AA with age was - 0.298 (P = 0.065) and AA and NA was - 0.365 (P = 0.002) was weak. Among the patients aged between 40 and 50 years, the negative correlation of AA with Age and NA were strong; - 0.853 (P < 0.0001) and - 0.823 (P < 0.0001) respectively. When prescribing glasses, 62.01% (CI 58.78 to 65.23) and 90.93% (CI 62.50 to 119.37) of the AA was found to be kept in reserve for patients below and above 50 years of age respectively.

Conclusion:

Accommodative reserve kept in our study patients when prescribing NA was two to three times the theoretical recommendation. High percentage of accommodation kept in reserve suggest that the measured AA is not activated normally and require higher NA and one should not rely on patient’s ability to generate accommodative power especially in patients over 50 years.
Demographic and clinical profile, surgical outcome, and quality of life in patients who underwent bilateral lamellar corneal grafts
Authors: Amar Sreelakshmi P , Sinha Rajesh , Kalra Nidhi , Agarwal Tushar , Sharma Namrata , Titiyal Jeewan S
Published: June 2021

Purpose:

Lamellar corneal grafts have revolutionized the management of corneal blindness by replacing only the disease specific corneal layers. To the best of our knowledge, there is no study in literature describing the outcomes of bilateral lamellar keratoplasty in the Indian population. The aim of this work was to study the demographic profile, surgical outcomes, and quality of life in patients who underwent bilateral lamellar keratoplasty and to assess the correlation between these three.

Methods:

An observational cross-sectional study was conducted on 47 patients who underwent bilateral deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) (n = 31) or descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) (n = 16) with a minimum follow-up of 6 months after the second surgery. Demographic parameters were collected by interview, surgical outcomes by clinical examination, and quality of life by a questionnaire.

Results:

A total of 47 patients were evaluated, women 42.56%, (n = 20) and men 57.44% (n = 27) with 38.3% being in 18–30 years age group and 23.4% above 60 years; 17.02% patients had a good socioeconomic status (score >60) and 61.70% had poorer socioeconomic status (score <50). Quality of life score (VR-QoL) was ≥50 in 82.9% patients and ≥70 in 14.89%. No significant association existed between VR-QoL scores and demographic factors. However, statistically significant association existed between VR-QoL and age of patient (P < 0.05), postoperative vision (P ≤ 0.05), and contrast sensitivity (P ≤ 0.01).

Conclusion:

Bilateral lamellar corneal grafts provide satisfactory visual outcomes compatible with day-to-day functioning. VR-QoL has a direct correlation to the age, visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and inverse correlation with lenticule thickness in DSAEK and residual bed thickness in DALK.
Corneal endothelial cell density and microvascular changes of retina and optic disc in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Kurtul Bengi Ece , Elbeyli Ahmet , Kakac Ahmet , Turgut Faruk
Published: June 2021

Purpose:

Vascular endothelial dysfunction in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) may affect the retinal vascular parameters due to structural similarities of kidney and retina. We aimed to evaluate the microvascular changes of retina and optic disc and also corneal endothelial cell density in patients with ADPKD.

Methods:

Forty-six eyes of 23 patients with ADPKD (Group 1), and 46 eyes of 23 sex- and age-matched healthy controls (Group 2) were included in this cross-sectional study. Demographic and ophthalmic findings of participants were collected. Corneal endothelial cell density (CECD) measurements were obtained by noncontact specular microscopy. Foveal retinal thickness, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, vessel density in different sections of the retina and optic nerve head were analyzed by optical coherence tomography angiography.

Results:

The mean ages were 41 ± 11 years for Group 1 and 39 ± 10 years for Group 2 (P = 0.313). CECD values were significantly lower in group 1 when compared to group 2 (2653 ± 306 cells/mm2 and 2864 ± 244 cells/mm2, respectively, P < 0.001). The foveal retinal thickness and RNFL thickness were similar, but superior quadrant thickness of RNFL was significantly lower in Group 1 than Group 2 (126 ± 14 μm vs. 135 ± 15 μm, P = 0.003). In Group 1, whole image of optic disc radial peripapillary capillary densities were significantly lower compared to Group 2 (49.4 ± 2.04%, and 50.0 ± 2.2%, respectively, P = 0.043). There was no significant difference regarding superficial, deep retinal vessel densities, foveal avascular zone and flow areas between the groups (P > 0.05 for all).

Conclusion:

Lower CECD values and decreased superior quadrant RNFL thickness, and microvascular densities of optic disc were revealed in patients with ADPKD. Evaluation of CECD and retinal microvasculature may be helpful in the management of these patients.
Nearwork-induced transient myopia and accommodation function before and after laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis surgery
Authors: Sivaraman Viswanathan , Price Holly C , Hussaindeen Jameel Rizwana , Ramani Krishnakumar , Allen Peter M
Published: June 2021

Purpose:

To assess the change in Near Induced Transient Myopia (NITM) and other accommodation parameters, before and after undergoing LASIK surgery for myopia correction.

Methods:

Twenty-nine myopic subjects were recruited from a tertiary eye hospital in India. Age range was 21 to 35 years with an average age of 26.1 ± 3.5 years. Mean spherical equivalent was –3.86 D ± 1.50 D presurgery. NITM, lag of accommodation, near point of convergence (NPC), accommodative amplitude (AA), and binocular near accommodative facility (AF) were measured. All data were collected 21 days prior to and 30 days after LASIK surgery.

Results:

NITM, lag of accommodation and amplitude of accommodation were significantly lower (NITM - 0.05 ± 0.15, Lag 0.38 ± 0.38, AA 10.27 ± 2.24) after surgery when compared to before (NITM 0.26 ± 0.12, Lag 0.77 ± 0.51, AA 12.18 ± 2.02; P < 0.001). Accommodative facility increased and near point of convergence was significantly more distal following surgery (AF 10.70 ± 2.29, NPC 7.96 ± 1.63) when compared to prior (AF 8.65 ± 2.74, NPC 5.62 ± 1.71; P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Significant changes in NITM and accommodation function should be expected in the short term following LASIK surgery. This study supports the importance of evaluating accommodative parameters and patient counselling prior to and following refractive surgery.
To compare central corneal thickness measurements obtained by Pentacam with those obtained by IOLMaster 700, Cirrus anterior segment optical coherence tomography and Tomey specular microscopy in normal healthy eyes
Authors: K Kiran Kumar , Prakash Akshata A , G Neeraja T , Adappa Karishma T , S Chandra Prabha T , Gangasagara Suresh Babu
Published: June 2021

Purpose:

To compare central corneal thickness measurements obtained by Pentacam with those obtained by IOL Master 700, Cirrus Anterior segment optical coherence tomography and Tomey Specular microscopy in normal healthy eyes.

Methods:

Two hundred and six eyes of healthy subjects were included in the study. Each subject was assessed by four different methods of measuring central corneal thickness using Pentacam, IOL Master 700, Cirrus AS-OCT and Tomey Specular microscopy by a single examiner.

Results:

The mean CCT [± standard deviation (SD)] for Pentacam, IOL Master 700, Cirrus AS-OCT and Tomey Specular microscopy were Pentacam (Oculus), AS-OCT (Cirrus), IOL Master 700 and Specular microscopy (Tomey) were 523.75 (±27.75), 525.29 (±28.81),517.13 (±28.43) and 512.82 (±27.60) μm, respectively. All the means were significantly different from one another (P < 0.000). The differences between pairs of mean central corneal thickness (CCT) for Pentacam and IOL Master, Pentacam and anterior segment- optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), and Pentacam and Specular microscopy are statistically significant. Bland–Altman plots showed that pentacam and IOL Master 700 have the closest agreement, followed by AS-OCT. Specular microscopy was found to have the poorest agreement with Pentacam.

Conclusion:

We found that CCT measurements of Pentacam did not correlate with measurements of IOL Master, or AS-OCT or Specular microscopy. In clinical practice, the devices analyzed should not be used interchangeably due to low agreement regarding CCT values.
Endoscopic transnasal drainage for orbital implantation cyst after orbital wall reconstruction
Authors: Wu Ende , Sun Jiaying , Zhou Guangming , Wu Wencan
Published: June 2021

An implantation cyst after orbital wall reconstruction may present as a late complication, which can cause local pain, proptosis, diplopia, and vision impairment. Previous surgical strategies prefer transconjunctival or subtarsal approach for cyst drainage, a similar approach to orbital wall reconstruction. These strategies may have risk of secondary infection. Herein, we propose an endoscopic transnasal surgical approach, through which the removal of implant and cyst drainage can be performed conveniently. The residual, medial single-layer cyst wall is generally strong enough to support the orbital soft tissues without the need for a new implant. We believe this surgical approach can simplify the procedure, reduce the complications, and prevent cyst recurrence.
Clinical outcomes and rotational stability following implantation of Eyecryl toric intraocular lens – Results of a 12-months prospective study
Authors: Brar Sheetal , Shah Mamta Lakhana , Sute Smith Snehal , Pereira Savio , Ganesh Sri
Published: June 2021

Purpose:

To evaluate the clinical performance and rotational stability after implantation of Eyecryl Toric monofocal IOL following cataract surgery.

Methods:

Patients undergoing phacoemulsification for age-related cataract and satisfying the eligibility criteria were implanted with Eyecryl Toric IOL. All implantations were done under balanced salt solution. A marker-less system Callisto Eye (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Germany) was used to guide the intra-operative alignment of the toric IOL.

Results:

A total of 50 eyes from 39 patients with mean age of 68.2 ± 8.7 years were included in the study. At 12 months, 82% (41) eyes had cumulative UDVA of 20/20 or better. Post-op SE refraction accuracy was within ± 0.50 D for 94% (n = 47) eyes and refractive cylinder accuracy was within ≤0.50 D in 98% (n = 49) eyes. Average post-op rotation at 1 year was 4.06 ± 2.15 degrees. Eighty-four percent of eyes were within 5 degrees and 16% were within 6-10 degrees of intended axis. Two eyes required IOL re-positioning due to significant rotation of the toric IOL (>10 degrees), identified within the 1st week after surgery.

Conclusion:

Eyecryl toric IOL demonstrated the ability to achieve a significant reduction in astigmatism, improved UDVA outcomes, high levels of spectacle independence, low rates of intra-operative injector related complications and good rotational stability at 12 months post-op.
Reworking protocols of ophthalmic resident surgical training in the COVID-19 era – Experiences of a tertiary care institute in northern India
Authors: Gupta Parul Chawla , Singh Ramandeep , Khurana Surbhi , Behera Ranjan Kumar , Thattaruthody Faisal , Pandav Surinder Singh , Ram Jagat
Published: June 2021

Purpose:

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has negatively impacted medical professionals in all fields of medicine and surgery in their academic, clinical and surgical training. The impact of surgical training has been described as ‘severe’ by most ophthalmology residents worldwide due to their duties in COVID-19 wards, disruption of outpatient and camp services.

Methods:

Ophthalmic surgery demands utmost accuracy and meticulousness. Fine motor proficiencies, stereoscopic skills and hand–eye coordination required can only be achieved by practice. So, a multileveled structured wet-lab teaching schedule was prepared for the residents and implemented to bridge this gap between theory and practice at our tertiary care institute. A semester-wise training schedule was made with the proper distribution of wet-lab and simulator training. Surgeries like phacoemulsification, scleral buckling, pars plana lensectomy and vitrectomy, trabeculectomy and intravitreal injections were practised by the residents on the goat eyes. Simulator training was provided for phacoemulsification and vitrectomy to increase the hand–eye coordination of the residents.

Results:

Residents noticed improvement in their surgical skills and ambidexterity post wet-lab and simulator training . It also increased their confidence and provided essential surgical skills required to be used in the operation theater later.

Conclusion:

It is imperative that wet-lab training be included in the residency training programme in this COVID-19 era.
Quality of life after endoscopic sinus surgery or balloon sinuplasty: a randomized clinical study
Authors: Bizaki A.J. , Taulu R. , Numminen J. , Rautiainen M.
Published: June 2021

Objectives: To conduct the first prospective randomized controlled trial that evaluates and compares the clinical outcome and impact of ballonsinuplasty and endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) on the quality of life of patients suffering from chronic or recurrent rhinosinusitis (CRS) of the maxillary sinus. Methods: Adult patients with symptomatic chronic or recurrent rhinosinusitis without severe findings in the sinuses, as documented in the sinus’ Computer Tomography scan and clinical exam, were randomized in 2 groups: ESS and Balloon Sinuplasty.The main variable in our study is the Sinonasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT 22) and its parameters. These parameters were analysed preoperatively and at 3 months, postoperatively. Results: There was a subjective improvement in symptoms after surgery. We also noticed an objective improvement in the quality of life of our patients seen as a decrease in the total SNOT 22 score. Both balloon sinuplasty and ESS significantly improved almost all the parameters of SNOT22, with no significant difference being found between these two groups. Conclusion: Both balloon sinuplasty and endoscopic sinus surgery improved the quality of life of patients with mild chronic or recurrent rhinosinusitis. However, the remarkably higher material cost of balloon sinuplasty compared to ESS sets limits on its broad use. There is an obvious need for further study to find out if, as an office procedure, balloon sinuplasty could deliver cost-savings high enough to cover the higher material cost of balloon sinuplasty. Our study was, however, too small to enable firm conclusions to be drawn.
COVID-19 Transmission among Healthcare Workers at a Quarantine Facility in Thailand: Genomic and Outbreak Investigations
Authors: Atsawawaranunt Kamolthip , Kochakarn Theerarat , Kongklieng Amornmas , Panwijitkul Pakkaporn , Tragoolpua Rujira , Jaradilokkul Kanyarat , Kaewmalang Prayuth , Loesbanluechai Duangkamon , Kotanan Namfon , Joonlasak Khajohn , Batty Elizabeth M. , Mungaomklang Anek , Pawun Vichan , Chantratita Wasun , Chookajorn Thanat
Published: June 2021

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Thailand implemented a quarantine program at approved quarantine facilities for every international traveler. Here, we report an epidemiological and genomic investigation of a COVID-19 cluster consisting of seven healthcare workers (HCWs) at a quarantine facility and its partnered hospital in Thailand. Outbreak investigations were implemented to obtain contact tracing data and to establish chains of transmission. Genomic sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 with samples within the cohort was performed. Investigations of 951 HCWs and staff with quarantined travelers were implemented to determine the chain of transmission. Genomic and outbreak investigations identified the international travelers infected with the B.1.1.31 SARS-CoV-2 lineage as the source of this outbreak. The genomic data and the investigated timeline revealed a putative transmission chain among HCWs, pointing toward the transmission via the use of common living quarters at the investigated quarantine site. The evaluation of this cohort has led to a policy recommendation on quarantine facility management. International travel quarantine is an important strategy to contain importation of COVID-19 cases. However, a quarantine facility is likely to become a potential hotspot, requiring thorough preventive measures. Reducing the exposure risk by providing private living quarters and scheduling clinical duties at a quarantine site separated from the conventional healthcare workforce have been implemented.
The suitability of well water for domestic purpose, in Gwagwalada area council Abuja Nigeria
Authors: Bassey Ephraim Brigid , Ogah T. A. , Magaji J. I. , Stephen Oladeinde Olufemi
Published: June 2021

Water wells are usually dug by artisans who lack professional skills. Such wells are used at various homes in Gwagwalada Area Council of Abuja for domestic purpose, on the assumption that underground water is safe. Thus, the suitability of such well water was assessed. The objectives were to assess their properties and compare with regulatory standard for domestic purpose. Thirty (30) water samples were purposely collected from six wards (Dobi, Ibwa, Paikon-Kore, Tungan Maje, Zuba and Ikwa). Five water samples were randomly collected from each ward for laboratory analysis. Laboratory results were statistically analyzed using range, mean, correlation and multiple determination coefficients. Suitability of water properties for domestic purposes was determined by comparing range and mean values with NSDWQ and WHO standard for domestic uses. Result showed that the concentrations of water properties ranges as follows: temperature (26.59-30.73oC), pH (7.17-8.23), electrical conductivity EC (222-354 μs/cm3), TDS (12.14-21.54mg/l), Turbidity (0.29-0.93NTU) hardness (13.58-39.72mg/l), chloride Cl-(4.29-8.93mg/l), Fe (0.54-0.71mg/l) and Cu (0.02-0.06mg/l).Water samples generally had low electrical conductivity (222-354 μs/cm3), and mineral nutrients but elevated concentration of some heavy metals. The twenty- three water quality parameters tested could explain 96% of the overall water quality leaving only 4% unexplained. All the samples fell short of regulatory standard in terms of EC, Fe and Cu while well water from Ikwa fell short of many heavy metals for domestic purpose. It was concluded that well water in Gwagwalada Area Council are not potable. Thus, treatment before direct consumption and precautionary use of well water were recommended for the residents.

Keywords: Water quality, Heavy metals, Water pollution, Well
Assessment of the interval heat flow and thermal resistance at the Faltu-1 well, Borno basin, NE Nigeria
Authors: Ali S. , Mosto-Onuoha K.
Published: June 2021

The heat flowing through horizons in the Faltu-1 well, Borno Basin, NE Nigeria was calculated from their thermal conductivities and geothermal gradients with the aim of determining whether or not it is uniform, and if not, the depths where it is diverted, and the possible heat diversion process. The interval heat flow was assessed to be non-uniform. While fluid convection is adjudged to be the major heat diversion mechanism within the Chad Formation with minor heat refraction, the reversed is adjudged to be the situation for the underlying Kerri Kerri Formaton within which increasing sand content with depth is also predicted, with the lower interval predicted to be the Gombe Formation. Patterns of disruptions to the vertical heat flow within the Fika Formation were inferred to suggest rhythmic bedding of shale and sand beds that could serve as both source and reservoir rocks. Magmatic intrusions that impacted the maturation of organic matter into oil and gas also provided necessary entrapment structures and possible migration pathways. The Gongila and Bima Formations each has single disruption of the heat flows that are attributed to refraction. In the case of the Gongila Formation, the disruption is between the early-deposited more sandy and laterdeposited more shaley lithologies in the marine transgression of the area, while in the case of the Bima, it is between the more shaley Upper and more sandy Middle Bima Formations. Analysis of the Bullard plots also revealed disruptions to the vertical heat flow that are attributed either to convecting fluids or to heat refraction and diffraction. Two such disrupting heat advections were identified within the Chad Formation with the first being attributed to convection, while the other is attributed to a combination of both. Two similar disruptions for the Kerri Kerri Formation were attributed largely to lithological variations with minor contributions from convection of fluids. While unable to discern the rhythmic bedding, the five disruptions of the Bullard plot for the Fika Formation and one each for the Gongila and Bima Formations were interpreted to indicate similar features inferred from interval heat flow plots.

Keywords: Interval heat flow, heat convection, heat diffraction, thermal resistivity, shaliness
Reliability Evaluation of Compaction Water Content of Plantain Peel Ash Treated Lateritic Soil
Authors: Ishola K. , Olawuyi O.A. , Yohanna P. , Bello A.A. , Sani R.O. , Akin O.O.
Published: June 2021

A first-order reliability method (FORM)was employed to assess the compaction water content, CWC (i.e optimum moisture content) of residual lateritic soil mixed with plantain peel ash (PPA) and compacted with British Standard Light (BSL)and British Standard Heavy (BSH)energies, for flexible pavement applications. A Multi-linear regression model was generated from values obtained via laboratory tests using Mini-tab R15 software, which served as a performance function that was applied for the analysis. Using the regression models for CWC, established distributions for the relevant soil factors, safety index (SI) was computed using CWC as a dependent factor and the soil factors Plantain Peel Ash (PPA); Plasticity Index (PI); Percentage File (PF); Specific Gravity (Gs) and Compactive Effort (CE)as self-determining factors). The results revealed that the safety index is sensitive to changeability in the soil factors. Outcome from the analysis show that Gs and CE are greatly affected by alteration in the coefficient of variation (COV), and so it is essential to control Gs and CE in lateritic soil–PPA mixes in road pavements. From the safety index values it reveals that PPA content has a minimal consequence as its value virtually remained constant at all COV used. Stochastically, lateritic soil mixed with PPA produces an acceptable safety index value of 1.0, as mentioned by the Nordic Committee on Building Regulation (NCBR) at 10% COV for BSH of compaction water content only. Therefore a more effective additive such as cement, lime, or bitumen is recommended for modeling CWC of lateritic soil-PPA mixes for road pavement at 10–100% series of COV.

Keywords: Coefficient of variation; compaction water content; lateritic soil; plantain peel ash; reliability index
Size cline not subspeciation in the Hooded Vulture
Authors: Mundy Peter J.
Published: June 2021

Wing, tail and bill lengths of Hooded Vultures were measured on 36 wild-caught birds and 75 in museum collections. A further 60 measurements were taken from literature, and 40 measurements were received from the Musée royal de l’Afrique centrale (Tervuren, Belgium). By grouping them into regions of Africa it was shown that the smallest birds were in West Africa and the largest in southern Africa (which is well known), with a gradation in between. Sizes varied according to a cline, and were correlated with average altitude. Given that the species has the same colouration (head, caruncles, plumage) from one end of the range to the other, indeed that populations are contiguous from Senegal to South Africa, then this goes against recognising any subspecies, but rather an intraspecific trend in sizes
Educação escolar, formação de professores em serviço e mundo do trabalho
Authors: Morais Deise Nancy de
Published: June 2021

Este ensaio apresenta uma reflexão sobre o conceito mundo do trabalho, apresentado no Manifesto Pedagogia dos Multiletramentos: desenhando futuros sociais (GNL, 1996), destacando as relações entre educação escolar e mundo do trabalho em um país como o Brasil. O texto reflete sobre as possibilidades de tomar o conceito mundo do trabalho como um dispositivo teórico-prático importante para o desenho de formações de professores em serviço, tendo em vista a necessidade de aprofundar, na escola, as discussões sobre o papel da educação escolar na inserção dos alunos no mundo do trabalho. Defendo que é preciso trazer para os debates progressistas as relações entre escola e mundo do trabalho, para avançarmos na formação crítica dos professores e, em última instância, da classe trabalhadora. Apoio-me, em certa medida, em autores do giro decolonial, como Mignolo (2003); Quijano (2010), Walsh (2013); Souza Santos (2010) e Grosfoguel (2019), de modo a propor uma leitura “suleada” das relações entre escola e mundo do trabalho.
Uma Pedagogia dos Multiletramentos
Authors: Grupo Nova Londres
Published: June 2021

Neste artigo, o Grupo de Nova Londres apresenta uma visão teórica geral das conexões entre o ambiente de mudança social que alunos e professores enfrentam e uma nova abordagem da pedagogia do letramento, que eles chamam de pedagogia dos “multiletramentos”. Os autores argumentam que a multiplicidade de canais de comunicação e a crescente diversidade cultural e linguística no mundo de hoje exigem uma visão muito mais ampla de letramento do que a retratada pelas abordagens tradicionais centradas na língua. Os multiletramentos, de acordo com os autores, superam as limitações das abordagens tradicionais, enfatizando como a ação de negociar as múltiplas diferenças linguísticas e culturais em nossa sociedade é central para a pragmática da vida profissional, cívica e privada dos alunos. Os autores afirmam que o uso de abordagens da pedagogia dos multiletramentos permitirá que os alunos alcancem duplamente objetivos de aprendizagem do campo do letramento: evoluindo no acesso à linguagem do trabalho, do poder e da comunidade, e fomentando o engajamento crítico necessário para projetar seu futuro social, alcançando sucesso por meio de trabalhos realizadores.
Ti/RuO2 karışık metaloksit elektrot kullanılarak elektrokimyasal oksidasyon ile boyarmadde giderimine NaCl destek elektrolitinin etkisi ve toksik etkilerin değerlendirilmesi
Authors: DELİKTAŞ Elif , YAVUZ Yusuf
Published: June 2021

Endüstriyel kirlenmede önemli bir paya sahip olan tekstil endüstrisi yalnız gelişmiş ülkelerde değil gelişmekte olan ülkelerde de ekonomik açıdan önemli rol almaktadır. Sanayi su ihtiyacının önemli bir kısmı tekstil endüstrisinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Bununla birlikte tekstil atıksuları geleneksel arıtma yöntemleri ile giderimi güç zehirli kimyasal bileşikleri içermektedir. Ayrıca renkli boyahane atıksuları alıcı ortamda organik kirliliğin yanı sıra güneş ışığı geçirimini engellemesi sebebi ile canlı yaşamını da engellemektedir. Tekstil atıksularının arıtılarak proses suyu olarak kullanılması gerek akademik gerekse de sektör bazında büyük ilgi çekmektedir.

Bu çalışmada Ti/RuO2 karışık metaloksit elektrot ile Reaktif Orange 16 (RO16) boyarmaddesinin elektrokimyasal oksidasyon yöntemi ile renk giderimine NaCl destek elektrolitinin katkısı araştırılmış ve analiz sonuçlarında toksik etkiler değerlendirilmiştir. NaCl destek elektroliti ile yapılan optimizasyon çalışmalarında akım yoğunluğu, akış hızı, pH, başlangıç kirlilik derişimleri gibi parametreler çalışılmıştır. Elde edilen optimum koşullar farklı kirlilik derişimlerine uygulanmış, renk ve toksisite değerlendirilerek çalışma sonlandırılmıştır.

Başlangıç kirlilik derişiminin 30 mg/L olduğu model çalışma çözeltisinin NaCl elektroliti ile elektrokimyasal oksidasyonunda 50 A/m2 akım yoğunluğu, 155,84 mL/dk akış hızı, pH0 (6,12) ve 0,06 M elektrolit varlığında 25 dk’lık bir arıtım süresi sonunda ~%100 renk giderimi ve 0,8008 kwh/m3 enerji tüketimi elde edilmiştir. Başlangıç kirlilik derişiminin 125 mg/L olduğu model çalışma çözeltisinin NaCl elektroliti ile elektrokimyasal oksidasyonunda 50 A/m2 akım yoğunluğu, 155,84 mL/dk akış hızı, pH0 (6,03) ve 0,06 M elektrolit varlığında 40 dk’lık bir arıtım süresi sonunda ~%100 renk giderimi ve 0,9240 kwh/m3 enerji tüketimi elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen optimum koşullarda başlangıç kirlilik derişiminin 125 mg/L olduğu deneysel çalışmada %80 toksisite giderimi elde edilmiştir.
Phytochemical screening and anthelmintic activity of leafand seed extract of Cassia occidentelis L.
Authors: SHAFİ Faiza , AJAİB Muhammad , BHATTİ Khizar Hayat , SİDDİQUİ Muhammad Faheem , KHAN Afsheen
Published: June 2021

In present study the ethanolic extracts of leaf and seed of Cassia occidentalis were investigated for their phytochemical properties and anthelmintic activity against Haemonchus controtus at different concentrations (100, 150, 200 mg/ml). Alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenols, steroids and carbohydrates are present in both leaf and seeds crude extracts. The study is mainly concerned with the determination of time of paralysis and time of death of the worms. When there was a gradual increase in the dose, a gradual increase in the anthelmintic activity was observed. The least time for the death and paralysis was recorded at concentration of 50mg/mL and maximum time for death and paralysis was recorded at 10mg/mL concentration. The ethanolic extract of the leaf and seed showed a significant anthelmintic activity at highest concentration of 50 mg/ml. So the C. occidentalis plant can be used as anthelmintic drug for the treatment of gastrointestinal helminthic infections after clinical trials, toxicological effects and isolation of chemical compounds.
Некоторые вопросы реализации права на защиту лицами, в отношении которых осуществляется уголовно-процессуальная деятельность по изобличению в совершении преступления
Authors: АЛЕКСАНДРОВА ОЛЬГА П. , БУДАНОВА ЛЮДМИЛА Ю.
Published: June 2021

Введение: в статье рассматриваются всегда находящиеся в центре внимания прогрессивной мировой общественности и законодателя вопросы защиты прав и свобод лиц, в отношении которых осуществляется уголовно-процессуальная деятельность по изобличению в совершении преступления. Цели: анализ законодательства и правоприменительной практики России и некоторых зарубежных стран в области реализации права на защиту лицами, в отношении которых осуществляется уголовно-процессуальная деятельность по изобличению в совершении преступления, выявление в этой части проблемных вопросов правового характера и формулирование научно обоснованных рекомендаций по их решению (минимизации). Методы: методологическую основу данного исследования составляет диалектический метод научного познания. Решению исследовательской задачи способствовало использование методов научного познания: систематического, формально-логического, сравнительно-правового и др. Результаты: практика обеспечения права на защиту от подозрения или обвинения, в том числе с учетом решений Европейского Суда по правам человека, свидетельствует о том, что не все вопросы правовой регламентации в этой сфере решены в удовлетворяющей науку и практику степени, имеют место нарушения прав человека, закрепленных в международных правовых стандартах, принцип состязательности сторон в уголовном процессе реализуется не в полной мере, особенно на досудебном производстве. Обсуждение: в настоящее время дискуссионными являются следующие вопросы: о возможности участии защитника до выдвижения в отношении лица по возбужденному уголовному делу официального подозрения или обвинения (с момента начала осуществления в отношении лица процессуальных действий, направленных на проверку сообщения о преступлении и его причастности к совершению данного преступления, до возбуждения уголовного дела, а также с момента осуществления процессуального действия по возбужденному уголовному делу, затрагивающего права и свободы лица, в отношении которого оно производится, и направленного на его изобличение в совершении преступления); возможном участии в качестве защитника иного лица, о допуске которого ходатайствует обвиняемый, а также объеме требований, предъявляемых к таким лицам, наборе критериев, с учетом которых должно приниматься решение по поводу заявленного ходатайства о допуске в качестве защитника лица, не имеющего статуса адвоката. Выводы: по результатам проведенного исследования сформулированы предложения по совершенствованию уголовно-процессуального законодательства, направленные на расширение сферы возможного участия защитника в уголовном судопроизводстве на этапе до выдвижения официального подозрения или обвинения и определение порядка рассмотрения ходатайств о допуске в качестве защитника иных лиц, не обладающих статусом адвоката.
Ключевые слова: Уголовное преследование; защитник; адвокат; ходатайство
Restriction of the Freedom of Movement under a High-Alert Regime
Authors: ZARYAEVA NATAL’YA P. , OLIYNYK INNA L.
Published: June 2021

Introduction: the article considers the high-alert regime and the associated restrictive measures related to the freedom of movement and introduced in connection with the threat of the spread of COVID-19. Aim: with the help of theoretical and legal analysis, we investigate the nature of the high-alert regime and the set of anti-epidemic measures implemented to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic; we also analyze the constitutionality and validity of restrictions on the right of an individual to freedom of movement and the proportionality of the restrictive measures imposed (quarantine, complete lockdown) in relation to the elderly, a particularly vulnerable population group. Methods: dialectical method, theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic, comparative legal method, system-structural method, method of interpretation of legal norms, and others. Results: the research allows us to say that the set of terms related to the high-alert regime is not clearly defined from the legal perspective; moreover, there is no legally bounding limit to its operation (the period of its being in effect) and a mechanism for its direct implementation. We argue that the restriction of the freedom of movement for persons aged 65 and older is disproportionate in the context of their health protection interests. The article defines the following guarantees of restricting the exercise of the individual’s right to freedom of movement: the legality and validity of temporary administrative and legal measures, the balance between private interests (preserving the protection of the legal status) and public interests (preventing the spread of the infection), specifics of the epidemiological situation, a set of timely measures aimed at providing particularly vulnerable categories of citizens with everything vital. Conclusions: we propose to interpret the restriction of the exercise of an individual’s rights under a high-alert regime as a legally justified state intervention (through the adoption of proportionate restrictive measures) in the sphere of an individual’s private autonomy in order to protect national security, public order, human life and health. We consider it necessary that legislation should specify the provisions defining the range of circumstances when a high-alert regime is to be introduced, the limits, boundaries and scope of additional powers of special actors, and the scope of possible discretion; the means to ensure this administrative and legal regime; the list of rights and freedoms subject to restriction when it is established, as well as the mechanism for their protection.
Keywords: Citizens’ rights and freedoms; freedom of movement; COVID-19 pandemic; high alert regime; restrictive measures; proportionality; elderly citizens (persons aged 65 and older)