bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Irrational Beliefs and Anger Rumination on Nurses’ Anger Expression Styles
Authors: Ham Eun-Mi , You Mi-Jin
Published: November 2017

The aim of this study was to identify whether certain cognitive factors, such as irrational beliefs and anger rumination, affect nurses’ anger expression styles. A total of 335 nurses employed at four tertiary hospitals in Korea completed surveys between July 29 and September 25, 2015. The surveys included Shortened General Attitude and Belief Scale, the Korean Version of the Anger Rumination Scale, and the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory–Korean version. Results revealed that higher levels of irrational beliefs and anger rumination were associated with more anger-in and anger-out, and less anger-control expressions. Findings indicate that the presence of specific cognitive characteristics could lead to maladaptive anger expressions. Active consideration of these cognitive risk factors is essential when developing anger-management programs for nurses.
Looking Good and Making It Seem Easy
Authors: Ventura Lea M. , Randall Edin T. , Shapiro Jenna B. , Kirsch Alexandra C. , Conley Colleen S. , Bohnert Amy M.
Published: November 2017

Unhealthy weight control behaviors are a significant health concern among adolescents and emerging adults, and perfectionism plays a role in the development/maintenance of these behaviors. Effortless perfectionism, or pressure to be perfect with apparent ease, is linked to maladjustment, but its role in weight control behaviors is unexplored. Longitudinal data on effortless perfectionism, body image, body mass index (BMI), and weight control behaviors were collected in college-aged females ( N = 376, mean age = 18.48, 66% Caucasian). After controlling for BMI and trait-based perfectionism, effortless perfectionism uniquely predicted weight control behaviors. Higher levels of effortless perfectionism also predicted more weight control behaviors, but only for individuals with poor body image and specifically for those who also reported lower BMI. Pressure to be perfect with apparent ease confers unique risk for unhealthy weight control behaviors among adolescents and emerging adults with low body image and BMI. Findings highlight the importance of developing interventions that target effortless perfectionism to improve health and functioning during the transition to adulthood.
Development of Multiple Aortic Mycotic Aneurysms After Cardiac Catheterization
Authors: Steimer Desiree A. , Squiers John J. , DiMaio J. Michael , Harrington Katherine B.
Published: November 2017

A 71-year-old male with a past medical history of coronary artery bypass surgery developed multiple, infected pseudoaneurysms of the ascending aorta and aortic root 1 year after cardiac catheterization. He underwent aortic root replacement with a 24-mm homograft. Tissue culture from operative specimens revealed invasive Aspergillus fumigatus infection. He was treated with voriconazole for 3 months. After 1 year, he had no recurrence of symptoms, pseudoaneurysm, or fungal infection.
Elevated lung clearance index in infants with cystic fibrosis shortly after birth
Authors: Kieninger Elisabeth , Yammine Sophie , Korten Insa , Anagnostopoulou Pinelopi , Singer Florian , Frey Urs , Mornand Anne , Zanolari Maura , Rochat Isabelle , Trachsel Daniel , Mueller-Suter Dominik , Moeller Alexander , Casaulta Carmen , Latzin Philipp
Published: November 2017

It is not known at what age lung function impairment may arise in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). We assessed lung function shortly after birth in infants with CF diagnosed by newborn screening.

We performed infant lung function measurements in a prospective cohort of infants with CF and healthy controls. We assessed lung clearance index (LCI), functional residual capacity (FRC) and tidal breathing parameters. The primary outcome was prevalence and severity of abnormal lung function (±1.64 z-scores) in CF.

We enrolled 53 infants with CF (mean age 7.8 weeks) and 57 controls (mean age 5.2 weeks). Compared to controls, LCI and FRC were elevated (mean difference 0.30, 95% CI 0.02–0.60; p=0.034 and 14.5 mL, 95% CI 7.7–21.3 mL; p<0.001, respectively), while ratio of time to peak tidal expiratory flow to expiratory time was decreased in infants with CF. In 22 (41.5%) infants with CF, either LCI or FRC exceeded 1.64 z-scores; three infants had both elevated LCI and FRC.

Shortly after birth, abnormal lung function is prevalent in CF infants. Ventilation inhomogeneity or hyperinflation may serve as noninvasive markers to monitor CF lung disease and specific treatment effects, and could thus be used as outcome parameters for future intervention studies in this age group.
TASK-1 (KCNK3) channels in the lung: from cell biology to clinical implications
Authors: Olschewski Andrea , Veale Emma L. , Nagy Bence M. , Nagaraj Chandran , Kwapiszewska Grazyna , Antigny Fabrice , Lambert Mélanie , Humbert Marc , Czirják Gábor , Enyedi Péter , Mathie Alistair
Published: November 2017

TWIK-related acid-sensitive potassium channel 1 (TASK-1 encoded by KCNK3) belongs to the family of two-pore domain potassium channels. This gene subfamily is constitutively active at physiological resting membrane potentials in excitable cells, including smooth muscle cells, and has been particularly linked to the human pulmonary circulation. TASK-1 channels are sensitive to a wide array of physiological and pharmacological mediators that affect their activity such as unsaturated fatty acids, extracellular pH, hypoxia, anaesthetics and intracellular signalling pathways. Recent studies show that modulation of TASK-1 channels, either directly or indirectly by targeting their regulatory mechanisms, has the potential to control pulmonary arterial tone in humans. Furthermore, mutations in KCNK3 have been identified as a rare cause of both familial and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. This review summarises our current state of knowledge of the functional role of TASK-1 channels in the pulmonary circulation in health and disease, with special emphasis on current advancements in the field.
Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Low-Rise Reinforced Concrete Buildings Affected by the 2015 Gorkha, Nepal, Earthquake
Authors: Brzev Svetlana , Pandey Bishnu , Maharjan Dev Kumar , Ventura Carlos
Published: November 2017

Low-rise reinforced concrete (RC) frames with brick masonry infill walls up to five stories high have been used for housing construction in Nepal since the late 1980s. Many buildings of this type were damaged and/or collapsed in the 25 April 2015 Gorkha earthquake (M 7.8), even in areas characterized with moderate shaking intensity such as Kathmandu Valley. Due to inadequate design and/or construction of RC frame components, these buildings essentially behave like masonry shear wall structures with a shear-dominant failure mechanism. The paper presents the findings of a field survey of 98 RC buildings affected by the 2015 earthquake. The main objective of the study was to correlate the observed damage in the buildings using the modified European macroseismic scale (EMS)-98 and the wall index (defined as the wall area in the direction of shaking divided by the total building plan area above the level of interest). The results can be used to help establish recommendations regarding the required wall index for low-rise RC buildings in Nepal.
Management of Anticoagulation in Patients With Prostate Cancer Receiving Enzalutamide
Authors: Shatzel Joseph J. , Daughety Molly M. , Olson Sven R. , Beer Tomasz M. , DeLoughery Thomas G.
Published: November 2017

Enzalutamide, a novel, oral androgen receptor antagonist used for the treatment of metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer, has been shown to improve overall and progression-free survival, prolong time to initiation of chemotherapy, reduce skeletal-related events, and carry a favorable adverse effect profile. Metastatic prostate cancer is a disease of older men, a population with an increased incidence of medical comorbidities warranting anticoagulation. Prostate cancer itself, along with some of its therapies, is also prothrombotic. Enzalutamide interacts with several anticoagulants through various mechanisms, making their concurrent use clinically challenging. As such, complex decisions about anticoagulation in these patients are frequently encountered by treating physicians. In this review, we describe the potential interactions between enzalutamide and various anticoagulants, and suggest management paradigms based on the current body of knowledge for patients with atrial fibrillation, venous thromboembolism, and mechanical heart valves.
Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation for Extensive Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Schild Steven E. , Sio Terence T. , Daniels Thomas B. , Chun Stephen G. , Rades Dirk
Published: November 2017

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) has a high predilection for metastasizing to the brain after chemotherapy. This has been blamed on the blood-brain barrier, which prevents chemotherapy from penetrating into the brain, thus creating a sanctuary site. It has been estimated that up to three quarters of patients with SCLC will eventually develop brain metastases. This led investigators to administer prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) to decrease this risk. Several trials were performed in patients with SCLC after initial therapy (chemotherapy with or without thoracic radiotherapy) that compared the outcomes of PCI versus no PCI. Early trials generally found that PCI significantly decreased the risk of brain metastases but did not significantly improve survival. These trials were re-evaluated in two larger meta-analyses that included patients with either limited-stage SCLC or extensive-stage SCLC (ESCLC). Both meta-analyses reported that PCI significantly decreased brain metastases and improved survival in patients who had a complete response following initial therapy. These studies were performed before the advent of modern imaging with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). There have been two modern trials of PCI versus no PCI in patients with ESCLC and both found that PCI decreases brain metastases. The first did not include brain MRI before registration and found that PCI improved survival, whereas the second study did include MRI before registration and at frequent intervals thereafter. That trial found that PCI did not confer a survival advantage. This review will examine the evidence and provide recommendations regarding the role of PCI for patients with ESCLC.
Case Report of an Awake Craniotomy in a Patient With Eisenmenger Syndrome
Authors: Heifets Boris D. , Crawford Erin , Jackson Ethan , Brodt Jessica , Jaffe Richard A. , Burbridge Mark A.
Published: November 2017

We present a detailed report of an awake craniotomy for recurrent third ventricular colloid cyst in a patient with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension in the setting of Eisenmenger syndrome, performed 6 weeks after we managed the same patient for a more conservative procedure. This patient has a high risk of perioperative mortality and may be particularly susceptible to perioperative hemodynamic changes or fluid shifts. The risks of general anesthesia induction and emergence must be balanced against the risks inherent in an awake craniotomy on a per case basis.
Poly(A) site choice and Pol2 CTD Serine-5 status govern lncRNA control of phosphate-responsive tgp1 gene expression in fission yeast
Authors: Sanchez Ana M. , Shuman Stewart , Schwer Beate
Published: November 2017

Expression of fission yeast glycerophosphate transporter Tgp1 is repressed in phosphate-rich medium and induced during phosphate starvation. Repression is enforced by transcription of the nc-tgp1 locus upstream of tgp1 to produce a long noncoding (lnc) RNA. Here we identify two essential elements of the nc-tgp1 promoter: a TATA box −30TATATATA−23 and a HomolD box −64CAGTCACA−57, mutations of which inactivate the nc-tgp1 promoter and de-repress the downstream tgp1 promoter under phosphate-replete conditions. The nc-tgp1 lncRNA poly(A) site maps to nucleotide +1636 of the transcription unit, which coincides with the binding site for Pho7 (1632TCGGACATTCAA1643), the transcription factor that drives tgp1 expression. Overlap between the lncRNA template and the tgp1 promoter points to transcriptional interference as the simplest basis for lncRNA repression. We identify a shorter RNA derived from the nc-tgp1 locus, polyadenylated at position +508, well upstream of the tgp1 promoter. Mutating the nc-tgp1-short RNA polyadenylation signal abolishes de-repression of the downstream tgp1 promoter elicited by Pol2 CTD Ser5Ala phospho-site mutation. Ser5 mutation favors utilization of the short RNA poly(A) site, thereby diminishing transcription of the lncRNA that interferes with the tgp1 promoter. Mutating the nc-tgp1-short RNA polyadenylation signal attenuates induction of the tgp1 promoter during phosphate starvation. Polyadenylation site choice governed by CTD Ser5 status adds a new level of lncRNA control of gene expression and reveals a new feature of the fission yeast CTD code.
An analysis of characteristics of post-authorisation studies registered on the ENCePP EU PAS Register
Authors: Carroll Robert , Ramagopalan Sreeram V. , Cid-Ruzafa Javier , Lambrelli Dimitra , McDonald Laura
Published: November 2017

Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the study design characteristics of Post-Authorisation Studies (PAS) requested by the European Medicines Agency which were recorded on the European Union (EU) PAS Register held by the European Network of Centres for Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacovigilance (ENCePP).

Methods: We undertook a cross-sectional descriptive analysis of all studies registered on the EU PAS Register as of 18th October 2016.

Results: We identified a total of 314 studies on the EU PAS Register, including 81 (26%) finalised, 160 (51%) ongoing and 73 (23%) planned. Of those studies identified, 205 (65%) included risk assessment in their scope, 133 (42%) included drug utilisation and 94 (30%) included effectiveness evaluation. Just over half of the studies (175; 56%) used primary data capture, 135 (43%) used secondary data and 4 (1%) used a hybrid design combining both approaches. Risk assessment and effectiveness studies were more likely to use primary data capture (60% and 85% respectively as compared to 39% and 14% respectively for secondary). The converse was true for drug utilisation studies where 59% were secondary vs. 39% for primary. For type 2 diabetes mellitus, database studies were more commonly used (80% vs 3% chart review, 3% hybrid and 13% primary data capture study designs) whereas for studies in oncology, primary data capture were more likely to be used (85% vs 4% chart review, and 11% database study designs).

Conclusions: Results of this analysis show that PAS design varies according to study objectives and therapeutic area.
Business communication: socio-psychological aspects. Tutorial.
Authors: Пивоваров Александр
Published: November 2017

The purpose of studying this tutorial is to increase the level of communicative competence in business communication. The focus is on the basic type of business communication - business conversation. Exhaustively covers all its stages - establishing contact, orientation in the problem, discussion and decision-making, as well as the opposition of manipulating and assertive behavior.
The training manual is intended for students enrolled in the master´s level in the direction of "Sociology" (39.04.01). It can be used for training of master students and other social and managerial skills.
Centralized accounting department in the government and public sector (theory and practice)
Authors: Ерженин Роман , Erzhenin Roman
Published: November 2017

The book discusses the methodological and organizational problems of conducting an effective accounting in the government and public sector. The author propose to solve tasks for the improvement of complex, treating them in the unity of economic, historical, political, social and psychological factors. For the first time systematized knowledge of accounting theory about the organizational forms. A chronology of the development of forms of computer account in the conditions of development of mechanization and ACS. The author designated a criterion efficiency of the organization of government accounting at the local government level. It analyzes the concept of the Federal Treasury as centralized accounts department for federal agencies and authorities, under conditions of use state integrated information system "Electronic Budget". The method of calculation of economic and non-economic effects of the use of insourcing at the organization of government accounting at the public legal institution. For the first time systematized and expanded classification of information systems for accounting in the government and public sector. The author suggested the use of the possibility of centralized accounts department for improving state and municipal government, including the organization of effective control. The author offers criteria for an "ideal system" account. Described target indicators and metrics for effective software solutions. Formalized requirements for IT projects. The book is intended for specialists in the field of economics and management, studying problems of organization and automation of modern government accounting in the government and local authorities, as well as for teachers of economic disciplines, graduate students and students of economic and IT professions.
Notion and interaction of international and national legal systems
Authors: Гаврилов Вячеслав , Gavrilov Vyachyeslav
Published: November 2017

The monograph addresses the development of the legal system concept within the general theory of law and international legal doctrine in the second half of the XX and the beginning of the XXI century. It also defines and analyses the content of the following categories: “national legal system” and “international legal system”; reveals prerequisites for and main directions of their interaction. A great part of the monograph deals with the analysis of theoretical concepts and characteristics of the legal mechanism behind the operation of international legal norms in the legal systems of modern States.
It is intended for professors and students of law schools, employees of state bodies and law-enforcement agencies as well as for those who are interested in the international law theory and its practical realization.
COPD: a proposed multidisciplinary approach to psychological issues
Authors: Hussain Feryad A , Williams Sam
Published: November 2017

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) form a sizeable part of the ill-health demographic, both internationally and nationally, impacting markedly on hospital admissions. While prevalence rates of psychological comorbidity vary, there appears to be a consistent presence of depression and anxiety, and additional COPD symptom-related psychological distress. The research evidence base is limited, with seemingly little potential for expansion. Based on the available evidence, this study proposes a multidisciplinary team working model to support the integration of psychological input into the care of inpatients with COPD.
Providing high-quality care at the end of life: the role of education and guidance
Authors: Dobson Jill
Published: November 2017

Palliative care in the UK has been ranked as the best in the world. So where did palliative care go so wrong that a 168-page document is required to inform staff how to care for dying patients if it has been going so well for so long? Those nearing the end of their life deserve to be given optimum care, attention, compassion and consideration, but this is not always the case. The Liverpool Care Pathway was a tool originally devised to help health professionals provide high-quality end-of-life care to people in the final phase of life. This tool, when used in the correct way, could provide the ‘gold standard’ of end-of-life care for patients. However, a national review found that rather than a tick-box exercise, care of the dying should be centred around individualised care planning for the dying patient, as highlighted in the publication of the guidance: One Chance to Get It Right. Care of the dying is a complex skill that requires nurses to provide some of the most challenging care, and for which many nurses have received little or no training. The implementation of this guidance into practice will require thoughtful change management, abandoning an old way of working in order to ensure excellence and high-quality care for patients nearing the end of life.
Person-centred care: what nurses can learn from the patient perspective
Authors: Scammell Janet
Published: November 2017

Janet Scammell, Associate Professor (Nursing), Bournemouth University, considers evidence from National Voices, a coalition of health and social care charities in England
Thirty-five children a day are being permanently excluded
Authors: Henshaw Pete
Published: November 2017

With 48,000 pupils now educated in alternative provision, a new teacher training initiative is seeking to stem the tide of exclusion
Mental health, wellbeing and PSHE
Authors: Barksfield Jenny
Published: November 2017

PSHE has a key role to play when teaching young people about their mental health and wellbeing. Expert Jenny Barksfield explores how a well-planned and delivered PSHE education programme can support pupils' mental health and emotional wellbeing
Six steps to sustainable recovery
Authors: Knightsmith Pooky
Published: November 2017

We can sometimes be too quick to think that a young person is recovered from a mental health problem. Dr Pooky Knightsmith offers six steps to supporting sustainable recovery from mental health issues
Does Contraceptive Use in the United States Meet Global Goals?
Authors: Frederiksen Brittni N. , Ahrens Katherine A. , Moskosky Susan , Gavin Loretta
Published: November 2017

CONTEXT

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) seek to achieve health equity, and they apply to all countries. SDG contraceptive use estimates for the United States are needed to contextualize U.S. performance in relation to that of other countries.

METHODS

Data from the 2011–2013 and 2013–2015 waves of the National Survey of Family Growth were used to calculate three SDG indicators of contraceptive use for U.S. women aged 15–44: contraceptive prevalence, unmet need for family planning and demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods. These measures were calculated separately for married or cohabiting women and for unmarried, sexually active women; differences by sociodemographic characteristics were assessed using t tests from logistic regression analysis. Estimates for married women were compared with 2010–2015 estimates from 94 other countries, most of which were low‐ or middle‐income.

RESULTS

For married or cohabiting women, U.S. estimates for contraceptive prevalence, unmet need and demand satisfied by modern methods were 74%, 9% and 80%, respectively; for unmarried, sexually active women, they were 85%, 11% and 82%, respectively. Estimates varied by sociodemographic characteristics, particularly among married or cohabiting women. Five countries performed better than the United States on contraceptive prevalence, 12 on unmet need and four on both measures; seven performed better on demand satisfied by modern methods.

CONCLUSIONS

There is a need to continue efforts to expand access to contraceptive care in the United States, and to monitor the SDG indicators so that improvement can be tracked over time.
Pola Kuman dan Uji Kepekaan Antibiotik pada Pasien Unit Perawatan Intensif Anak di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Koja, Jakarta
Authors: Mansyoer Riza , Widjaja Ivan R.
Published: November 2017

Latar belakang. Pasien di unit perawatan intensif (UPI) anak (pediatric intensive care unit/PICU) merupakan pasien dengan penyakit kritis sehingga sebagian besar pasien menggunakan antibiotik. Profil resistensi bakteri akan membantu untuk pemilihan terapi empirik yang akan digunakan pada suatu unit.Tujuan. Untuk mendapatkan profil bakteri di PICU RSUD Koja berdasarkan hasil kultur, Metode. Hasil kultur yang dilakukan pada seluruh pasien yang masuk ke PICU pada periode Mei 2015 – April 2016 pada hari kerja pertama dikumpulkan dari departemen patologi klinik RSUD KojaHasil. Didapatkan 486 hasil kultur, 410 di antaranya tidak menunjukkan pertumbuhan kuman. Hasil positif terdapat pada 64 bakteri Gram-positif dan 12 Gram-negatif. Bakteri Gram positif terbanyak ditemukan adalah Staphylococcus hominis (19), Staphylococcus epidermidis (18), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (13), dan Staphylococcus aureus (9). Sementara itu, bakteri Gram negatif terbanyak ditemukan adalah Salmomella typhi (6) dan Acinetobacter baumanii (2). Pada kelompok bakteri Gram positif, antibiotik yang paling sensitif adalah vancomisin (95,2%), gentamisin (68,3%), cotrimoxazole (44,4%), cefotaxime (31,7%), dan ceftriaxone (31,7%). Pada kelompok bakteri Gram negatif, antibiotik yang paling sensitif adalah meropenem (84,6%), cotrimoxazole (84,6%), amikasin (61,5%), gentamisin (53,8%), and cefepime (46,2%).Kesimpulan. Vankomisin merupakan antibiotik yang paling poten untuk digunakan. Cefotaxime dan gentamicin kami pilih untuk digunakan sebagai antibiotik empirik di unit kami, dengan meropenem sebagai lini berikutnya. Vankomisin kami gunakan hanya pada kasus khusus.
Hubungan Jumlah Koloni Escherichia Coli dengan Derajat Dehidrasi pada Diare Akut
Authors: Halim Felicia , Warouw Sarah M. , Rampengan Novie H. , Salendu Praevilia
Published: November 2017

Latar belakang. Escherichia coli (E. coli) penyebab kedua terbanyak diare setelah rotavirus. Diare E. coli sering disertai dengan dehidrasi yang berhubungan dengan morbiditas dan mortalitas anak.Tujuan. Mengetahui peran jumlah koloni E. coli terhadap beratnya derajat dehidrasi diare akut.Metode. Penelitian potong lintang dilakukan di RSUP Manado. Subyek umur 7 bulan-13 tahun dengan diare akut, dinilai derajat dehidrasi, dilakukan kultur tinja dan hitung jumlah koloni. Perbandingan jumlah koloni dan derajat dehidrasi dilakukan uji korelasi Gamma (p<0,05). Hasil. Terdapat 50% Escherichia coli dari 50 anak diare akut. Dehidrasi berat (2/25 anak), dehidrasi ringan sedang (13/25 anak) jumlah koloni >105 CFU dan tanpa dehidrasi (10/25 anak) jumlah koloni <105 CFU. Analisis korelasi Gamma menyatakan hubungan bermakna jumlah koloni dengan derajat dehidrasi (rG=0,870, nilai p=0,008).Kesimpulan. Jumlah koloni Escherichia coli berperan terhadap derajat dehidrasi diare akut.
Hubungan Riwayat Penyakit Infeksi dan Pemberian ASI Eksklusif dengan Status Gizi Anak Usia 7-12 Bulan di Kecamatan Kelapa Lima Kota Kupang
Authors: Namangboling Agung Dirgantara , Murti Bhisma , Sulaeman Endang Sutisna
Published: November 2017

Latar belakang. Adanya penyakit infeksi membuat kondisi kesehatan anak menurun sehingga berdampak pada nafsu makan dan akan mengurangi jumlah asupan makanannya dan zat gizi ke dalam tubuh. Pemberian ASI eksklusif dapat mencegah terjadinya diare yang disebabkan karena infeksi pada bayi serta dapat mempertahankan status gizi bayi. Tujuan. Mengetahui hubungan antara riwayat penyakit infeksi, pemberian ASI eksklusif dan status gizi anak usia 7-12 bulan di Kupang, Nusa Tenggara Timur.Metode. Penelitian analitik obsevasional dengan desain Case Control, dilakukan di Kecamatan Kelapa Lima Kota Kupang pada bulan April-Juli 2017. Subjek penelitian adalah anak usia 7-12 bulan, 116 anak dipilih dengan fixed disease sampling. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi square dan regresi logistik ganda. Hasil. Hasil uji bivariat chi square menunjukkan adanya hubungan riwayat penyakit dengan status gizi (p;0,024) dan pemberian ASI eksklusif (p;0,026), sedangkan hasil regresi logistik ganda, riwayat penyakit infeksi merupakan faktor dominan penentu status gizi pada anak usia 7-2 bulan di Kecamatan Kelapa Lima Kota Kupang (p;0,025 dengan OR;2,38 dan CI;1,11-5,08).Kesimpulan. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara riwayat penyakit infeksi dan pemberian ASI eksklsuif dengan status gizi. Riwayat penyakit infeksi adalah faktor dominan penentu status gizi anak usia 7-12 bulan.
Pengaruh Pemberian Obat Antiepilepsi terhadap Kadar Vitamin D pada Anak Penderita Epilepsi
Authors: Tantri Narulita Laksmia , Nur Fadhilah Tia , Salimo Harsono
Published: November 2017

Latar belakang. Pengobatan epilepsi dengan obat antiepilepsi (OAE) merupakan pengobatan jangka panjang dan berisiko terhadap berbagai efek samping, salah satunya defisiensi vitamin D. Selain berkaitan dengan permasalahan tulang, defisisensi vitamin D juga berhubungan dengan banyak penyakit yang lain.Tujuan. Menganalisis pengaruh pemberian obat antiepilepsi terhadap kadar vitamin D pada anak penderita epilepsi.Metode. Penelitian potong lintang dilakukan pada bulan Oktober–Desember 2016 di poliklinik anak RS Dr. Moewardi Surakarta. Subyek penelitian 40 anak diambil secara konsekutif. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistik uji t independen, Mann Whitney, dan Chi square dengan program SPSS 22.0.Hasil. Rerata kadar vitamin D 22,80±7,58 ng/ml. Angka kejadian defisiensi vitamin D 27,5%. Usia ≥ 5 tahun dan lama terapi ≥ 2 tahun berpengaruh terhadap kejadian defisiensi vitamin D (p< 0,05) pada anak penderita epilepsi.Kesimpulan. Terdapat penurunan kadar vitamin D pada anak penderita epilepsi yang mengonsumsi OAE.
Organ‐level validation of a cross‐bridge cycling descriptor in a left ventricular finite element model: effects of ventricular loading on myocardial strains
Authors: Shavik Sheikh Mohammad , Wall Samuel T. , Sundnes Joakim , Burkhoff Daniel , Lee Lik Chuan
Published: November 2017

Although detailed cell‐based descriptors of cross‐bridge cycling have been applied in finite element (FE) heart models to describe ventricular mechanics, these multiscale models have never been tested rigorously to determine if these descriptors, when scaled up to the organ‐level, are able to reproduce well‐established organ‐level physiological behaviors. To address this void, we here validate a left ventricular (LV) FE model that is driven by a cell‐based cross‐bridge cycling descriptor against key organ‐level heart physiology. The LV FE model was coupled to a closed‐loop lumped parameter circulatory model to simulate different ventricular loading conditions (preload and afterload) and contractilities. We show that our model is able to reproduce a linear end‐systolic pressure volume relationship, a curvilinear end‐diastolic pressure volume relationship and a linear relationship between myocardial oxygen consumption and pressure–volume area. We also show that the validated model can predict realistic LV strain‐time profiles in the longitudinal, circumferential, and radial directions. The predicted strain‐time profiles display key features that are consistent with those measured in humans, such as having similar peak strains, time‐to‐peak‐strain, and a rapid change in strain during atrial contraction at late‐diastole. Our model shows that the myocardial strains are sensitive to not only LV contractility, but also to the LV loading conditions, especially to a change in afterload. This result suggests that caution must be exercised when associating changes in myocardial strain with changes in LV contractility. The methodically validated multiscale model will be used in future studies to understand human heart diseases.
Pregnancy‐adapted uterine artery endothelial cell Ca2+ signaling and its relationship with membrane potential
Authors: Alvarez Roxanne E. , Boeldt Derek S. , Pattnaik Bikash R. , Friedman Hannah L. , Bird Ian M.
Published: November 2017

Pregnancy‐derived uterine artery endothelial cells (P‐UAEC) express P2Y2 receptors and at high cell density show sustained and synchronous [Ca2+]i burst responses in response to ATP. Bursts in turn require coupling of transient receptor potential canonical type3 channel (TRPC3) and inositol 1,4,5‐triphosphate receptor type 2 (IP3R2), which is upregulated in P‐UAEC in a manner dependent on connexin 43 (Cx43) gap junctions. While there is no known direct interaction of TRPC3 with Cx43, early descriptions of TRPC3 function showed it may also be influenced by altered membrane potential (Vm). Herein, we ask if enhanced TRPC3 Ca2+ bursting due to enhanced Cx43 coupling may be coupled via dynamic alterations in Vm in P‐UAEC, as reported in some (HUVEC) but not all endothelial cells. Following basic electrical characterization of UAEC, we employed a high sensitivity cell imaging system to simultaneously monitor cell Vm and [Ca2+]i in real time in continuous monolayers of UAEC. Our findings show that while acute and sustained phase [Ca2+]i bursting occur dose‐dependently in response to ATP, Vm is not coregulated with any periodicity related to [Ca2+]i bursting. Only a small but significant progressive change in Vm is seen, and this is more closely related to overall mobilization of Ca2+. Surprisingly, this is also most apparent in NP‐UAEC > P‐UAEC. In contrast [Ca2+]i bursting is more synchronous in P‐UAEC and even achieves [Ca2+]i waves passing through the P‐UAEC monolayer. The relevance of these findings to mechanisms of pregnancy adaptation and its failure in hypertensive pregnancy are discussed.
Characterization of age‐related penile microvascular hemodynamic impairment using laser speckle contrast imaging: possible role of increased fibrogenesis
Authors: Lee Seung‐Ryeol , Kim Ki‐Ho , You Ho‐Song , Fu Johnny , Hsieh Tung‐Chin (Mike) , Bhargava Valmik , Raj Rajasekaran M.
Published: November 2017

Current technology for penile hemodynamic evaluations in small animals is invasive and has limitations. We evaluated a novel laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) technique to determine age‐related changes in penile microvascular perfusion (PMP) and tested the role of cavernosal muscle (CC) fibrosis mediated by Wnt‐TGF β1 signaling pathways in a mouse model. Ten young (2–3 months) and old (24–28 months) wild‐type C57BL6 male mice were subjected to PMP measured using a LSCI system. Penile blood flow (PBF, peak systolic velocity, PSV) was also measured using a color Doppler ultrasound for comparison. Measurements were made before and after injection of vasoactive drugs: prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and acetylcholine (ACh). CC was processed for immunohistochemical studies for markers of endothelium and fibrosis. Protein levels were quantified by Western blot.PMP and PBF increased significantly from baseline after injection of vasoactive drugs. Peak PMP after PGE1 and ACh was higher in young mice (225.0 ± 12.0 and 211.3 ± 12.1 AU) compared to old (155.9 ± 7.1 and 162.6 ± 5.1 AU, respectively). PSV after PGE1 was higher in young than old mice (112.7 ± 8.5 vs. 78.2 ± 4.6 mm/sec). PSV after ACh was also higher in young (112.7 ± 5.6 mm/sec) than older mice (69.2 ± 7.1 mm/sec). PMP positively correlated with PSV (r = 0.867, P = 0.001). Immunostaining and Western blot showed increased protein expression of all fibrosis markers with aging. LSCI is a viable technique for evaluating penile hemodynamics. Increased cavernosal fibrosis may cause impaired penile hemodynamics and increased incidence of erectile dysfunction in older men.
Prefrontal oxygenation correlates to the responses in facial skin blood flows during exposure to pleasantly charged movie
Authors: Matsukawa Kanji , Endo Kana , Asahara Ryota , Yoshikawa Miho , Kusunoki Shinya , Ishida Tomoko
Published: November 2017

Our laboratory reported that facial skin blood flow may serve as a sensitive tool to assess an emotional status. Cerebral neural correlates during emotional interventions should be sought in relation to the changes in facial skin blood flow. To test the hypothesis that prefrontal activity has positive relation to the changes in facial skin blood flow during emotionally charged stimulation, we examined the dynamic changes in prefrontal oxygenation (with near‐infrared spectroscopy) and facial skin blood flows (with two‐dimensional laser speckle and Doppler flowmetry) during emotionally charged audiovisual challenges for 2 min (by viewing comedy, landscape, and horror movie) in 14 subjects. Hand skin blood flow and systemic hemodynamics were simultaneously measured. The extents of pleasantness and consciousness for each emotional stimulus were estimated by subjective rating from −5 (the most unpleasant; the most unconscious) to +5 (the most pleasant; the most conscious). Positively charged emotional stimulation (comedy) simultaneously decreased (P < 0.05) prefrontal oxygenation and facial skin blood flow, whereas negatively charged (horror) or neutral (landscape) emotional stimulation did not alter or slightly decreased them. Any of hand skin blood flow and systemic cardiovascular variables did not change significantly during positively charged emotional stimulation. The changes in prefrontal oxygenation had a highly positive correlation with the changes in facial skin blood flow without altering perfusion pressure, and they were inversely correlated with the subjective rating of pleasantness. The reduction in prefrontal oxygenation during positively charged emotional stimulation suggests a decrease in prefrontal neural activity, which may in turn elicit neurally mediated vasoconstriction of facial skin blood vessels.
Whole‐body heat stress and exercise stimulate the appearance of platelet microvesicles in plasma with limited influence of vascular shear stress
Authors: Wilhelm Eurico N. , González‐Alonso José , Chiesa Scott T. , Trangmar Steven J. , Kalsi Kameljit K. , Rakobowchuk Mark
Published: November 2017

Intense, large muscle mass exercise increases circulating microvesicles, but our understanding of microvesicle dynamics and mechanisms inducing their release remains limited. However, increased vascular shear stress is generally thought to be involved. Here, we manipulated exercise‐independent and exercise‐dependent shear stress using systemic heat stress with localized single‐leg cooling (low shear) followed by single‐leg knee extensor exercise with the cooled or heated leg (Study 1, n = 8) and whole‐body passive heat stress followed by cycling (Study 2, n = 8). We quantified femoral artery shear rates (SRs) and arterial and venous platelet microvesicles (PMV–CD41+) and endothelial microvesicles (EMV–CD62E+). In Study 1, mild passive heat stress while one leg remained cooled did not affect [microvesicle] (P ≥ 0.05). Single‐leg knee extensor exercise increased active leg SRs by ~12‐fold and increased arterial and venous [PMVs] by two‐ to threefold, even in the nonexercising contralateral leg (P < 0.05). In Study 2, moderate whole‐body passive heat stress increased arterial [PMV] compared with baseline (mean±SE, from 19.9 ± 1.5 to 35.5 ± 5.4 PMV.μL−1.103, P < 0.05), and cycling with heat stress increased [PMV] further in the venous circulation (from 27.5 ± 2.2 at baseline to 57.5 ± 7.2 PMV.μL−1.103 during cycling with heat stress, P < 0.05), with a tendency for increased appearance of PMV across exercising limbs. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that whole‐body heat stress may increase arterial [PMV], and intense exercise engaging either large or small muscle mass promote PMV formation locally and systemically, with no influence upon [EMV]. Local shear stress, however, does not appear to be the major stimulus modulating PMV formation in healthy humans.
Frequent drinking of small volumes improves cardiac function and survival in rats with chronic heart failure
Authors: Zheng Can , Li Meihua , Kawada Toru , Inagaki Masashi , Uemura Kazunori , Sugimachi Masaru
Published: November 2017

Fluid retention is the main reason for the high hospitalization rate among patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Given the lack of knowledge about fluid intake regulation and its consequences in patients with CHF, current guidelines do not provide clear direction for fluid management. Using a rat model of CHF, we investigated altering drinking behaviors and explored fluid management strategies. CHF was induced by ligating the left anterior descending coronary arteries in 8‐week‐old, male, Sprague‐Dawley rats. A custom‐designed drop counting and feedback control system was used to record and modulate drinking behaviors. During the first month after an induced myocardial infarction (MI), we observed that the spontaneous per drinking volume (PDV) was significantly increased in animals with prolonged intervals between drinking episodes. In addition, there was a significant inverse correlation between the early PDV and the post‐MI lifespan (r = −0.907; P < 0.001). Moreover, modulating the drinking behavior of rats with CHF to involve frequent drinking of small PDVs significantly enhanced hemodynamics and prevented cardiac remodeling, with a significant improvement in the 180‐day survival rate, compared with animals allowed to drink freely (50% vs. 36%; P < 0.01). The results of dynamic PDV changes, after MI, suggest that an impaired thirst mechanism is associated with the sensing and regulating of fluid balance in rats with CHF. These results suggest that increasing the drinking frequency, with small PDVs, may be beneficial to preventing progression of cardiac dysfunction in CHF.
Match Load of Soccer Players in Defensive Formation and Its Impact on the Level of Speed Abilities
Authors: Holienka Miroslav , Horný Michal
Published: November 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the match load in soccer on the level of the selected speed abilities in the playing positions of the outside defender and central defender. Speed abilities in all their demonstrations are one of the most important fitness skills in today’s soccer. In our research, we assumed that the higher the match load players achieve, the greater the impact of this load on the level of the selected speed abilities would be. We carried out a cross-sectional ex post facto research. The monitored group consisted of the players of the team playing in the first league (Fortuna League). Their average age was 22.9 ± 4.5 years. We conducted the measurements in the preparation periods during pre-season matches. We carried out a total of 63 individual measurements. We measured the level of the match load and the performance in 10, 20 and 30 meter runs from a standing start before the match and after the match. Except of outside defenders in 30-meter run (W = 12; p = 0.02) we did not confirm a significant impact of the match load on the level of the selected speed (acceleration) abilities. Its effect size reached from d = 0.1 to d = 0.6. In addition, the correlations between match load and performance changes in all three tests were nonsignificant (p ≥ 0.5). Only 0.2 to 8.5 % of the variability in speed tests was shared with the level of match load.
Application of Two Intervention Programs in Order to Optimize Motivation and to Improve Eating Habits in Adult and Elderly Women
Authors: Leyton Marta , Batista Marco , Lobato Susana , Aspano Mª Isabel , Jiménez Ruth
Published: November 2017

The objective of this study was to analyse the effectiveness of two intervention programs: a physical exercise program with strategies to support the three basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence and relatedness); and a physical exercise program with nutritional education in order to improve the lifestyles of adult and elderly women who practiced functional maintenance. The Self-Determination Theory was applied as the theoretical framework. A sample of 135 women aged between 40 and 88 years (59.66 ± 10.76) who enrolled in a 12-week functional maintenance program and attended 24 exercise classes took part in the study. A quasi-experimental study was performed where strategies to support the three basic psychological needs were applied to one group and strategies for the improvement of eating habits were applied to the other group. No strategy was applied to the control group. The main results showed an improvement in experimental groups I and II when compared to the control group regarding the variables of autonomy, competence, intrinsic regulation, identified regulation, introjected regulation, external regulation and eating habits, after the application of the intervention programs. The conclusion is that both intervention programs were successful with this project’s participants and that it is crucial to promote such intervention programs in functional maintenance classes, as they foster healthy lifestyles among participants.
Hardware/software trade-offs for shared resources virtualization in mixed-criticality automotive multicore systems
Authors: Sandmann Timo , Richter Andre , Heyszl Johann , Lübbers Enno
Published: November 2017

Virtualization plays an important role for embedded systems where
hardware support can prove beneficial, but these systems also pose
a challenge due to power, resource constraints; reliability, safety,
real-time requirements; diversity of devices, and operating
systems. Therefore a trade-off between flexibility, determinism and
performance exists in the embedded application domain. As
virtualization in software always incurs overhead due to context
switching, interrupt handling, etc. the aim is to minimize the
overhead and make execution more deterministic using hardware
support.
Online monitoring for safety-critical multicore systems
Authors: Tobuschat Sebastian , Kostrzewa Adam , Bapp Falco K. , Dropmann Christoph
Published: November 2017

Using multicore processors in safety-critical systems is a challenge as well as an opportunity. The real parallelism,
which may affect synchronization and determinism, leads to a safety-challenge, because new possible interferences might
arise. Additionally, redundant software execution is possible within multicore systems. In complex multicore architectures
one of the most important challenges is to know the system behavior and the recognition of any variations from the normal
system behavior has to be guaranteed. For those cases it is necessary to monitor several states of the system,
configurations, timing, etc. To monitor such a complex system a lot of information from the inside of the system needs to
be evaluated without affecting the rest of the MPSoC.
Treating Wrongs as Wrongs: An Expressive Argument for Tort Law
Authors: Hershovitz Scott
Published: November 2017

The idea that criminal punishment carries a message of condemnation is as commonplace as could be. Indeed, many think that condemnation is the mark of punishment, distinguishing it from other sorts of penalties or burdens. But for all that torts and crimes share in common, nearly no one thinks that tort has similar expressive aims. And that is unfortunate, as the truth is that tort is very much an expressive institution, with messages to send that are different, but no less important, than those conveyed by the criminal law. In this essay, I argue that tort liability expresses the judgment that the defendant wronged the plaintiff. And I explain why it is important to have an institution that expresses that judgment. I argue that we need ways of treating wrongs as wrongs, so that we can vindicate the social standing of victims. Along the way, I consider the continuity between tort and revenge, and I suggest a new way of thinking about corrective justice and the role that tort plays in dispensing it. I conclude by sketching an agenda for tort reform that would improve tort’s ability to serve its expressive function.
Egy 15. századi pécsi prédikátor műveltsége
Authors: Tóthné Radó Cecília
Published: November 2017

A középkori prédikációirodalom egy kivételes dokumentumát őrzi a Pécsi Egyházmegye, amely nem csupán Pécs számára rendkívül nagy érték, hanem a teljes magyarországi prédikációirodalom szempontjából igen jelentős forrásszöveg.1 A 2015-ben bemutatott, aukción vásárolt ősnyomtatvány Robertus Caracciolus Sermones de laudibus sanctorum című művének egy példánya, melynek különleges értékét a benne található kéziratos jegyzék adja. A Pécsi prédikációvázlatoknak elnevezett kézirat nem csupán megkérdőjelezhetetlenül bizonyítja, hogy használója Pécs városában prédikált 1495-ben és 1496-ban, hanem a hitszónok műveltségét, széles látókörét, a kor ferences irodalmának naprakész ismeretét és az olvasottak tudatos felhasználását is a kutató elé tárja.
Egyetemtörténet-írás másképp
Authors: Sztana-Kovács Adrienn
Published: November 2017

Irish, Tomás: Trinity in War and Revolution 1912–1923. Dublin, Royal Irish Academy, 2015. 300 oldal.