bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimating the Number of Homeless People Living in Hungary between 1999 and 2011
Authors: Daróczi Gergely
Published: June 2014

The high variability in the estimates of the number of homeless people living in Hungary suggested a review of recent methods and possible data sources. After verifying the models fitted by Dávid and Snijders (2002), those and various other models were applied to a wider range of data compiled between 1999 and 2011 in Hungary, thus estimating the number of homeless people over the last decade. The limitations of the models were obvious: more frequent and extended data collection would be favourable to produce reliable estimates, and a robust design (mixture of closed and open population model) could be used to fine-tune the results.
Exponential Random Graph Models for Social Networks
Authors: Brailly Julien , Viallet-Thevenin Scott
Published: June 2014

This book by Lusher, Robins and Koskinen fills an important gap in the methodological literature on networks. It allows the reader familiar with network analysis to start working with Exponential Random Graph Models (2013) and their most recent developments.
The socio-economic relations between Scotland’s northern territories and Scandinavia and the Baltic in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries
Authors: Brochard Thomas
Published: June 2014

Traditional historiography has perceived the early-modern northern Highlands as a region that lacked dynamism and had little contact with the outside world. I propose to establish a mercantile framework between the region and the Baltic in a period of European conflicts, but also of commercial opportunities. I investigate the trading relations between an outlying society and Scandinavia, and explore the presence of northern Highlanders to add to the successful network of Scots and Gaels from other Highland areas operating across the Baltic commercial world. These trading exchanges demonstrate the integral location of the northern Highlands within international trade routes. It further illustrates the diversity of a Nordic trade with its multiple points of entry across Scotland, despite the limited scale of these exchanges. The role of the region in international trade remained marginal, but was not altogether non-existent, as assumed in traditional historiography. These commercial relationships can be primarily described as resource-led. The limited identifiable commercial diaspora of Scottish far northerners suggests that they invested the mercantile and burghal ranks of Baltic towns rather than consigned themselves to peddling activities. These northern Highlanders could be found in both itinerant and settled communities.
Not just any port after a storm: The commemoration and heritagization of fishing in Catalonia
Authors: Carbonell Eliseu
Published: June 2014

On 31 January 1911, a terrible and unpredicted sea storm affected most of the coast from Catalonia to Valencia, causing nearly 140 deaths, mainly among the fishing population. As a result of this storm, a sea port was constructed in Arenys. This article analyses the decision to build it in one of the few villages on the Catalan coast with almost no fishermen, a village in which the marine tradition ended half a century before the disaster. It examines the management of this catastrophe as a process of heritagization of maritime culture by the local elites. Of particular interest is the place of attracting tourists in the decision-making of these elites. To provide an insight into the political economy of maritime culture, the study also assesses the commemoration of the disaster in 2011.
Technology and Productivity in the Port of Gothenburg c. 1850–1965
Authors: Hamark Jesper
Published: June 2014

This article discusses the timing and impact of technological change in Scandinavia’s largest port, Gothenburg. It argues that technological change was gradual for a long period of time and that the forklift and the pallet—introduced in 1947 and diffused in the mid-1950s—was responsible for setting off a series of changes. Productivity growth is a subject much neglected in precontainer port studies. The current analysis goes beyond earlier, simplistic notions of productivity and offers new ways of measuring port output. The productivity figures presented strongly indicate growth up to the Second World War—an empirical finding that contrasts with results from other ports. And the study goes on to suggest that growth accelerated in the postwar years. The pattern offers tentative support for the contention that the impact of the forklift was revolutionary.
The Pontic proxenies and the sea routes of the Ancient Greeks in the Euxine
Authors: Saprykin Sergey
Published: June 2014

Proxenic decrees, which established a proxenos, or representative, of a city’s interests in another city, offer much evidence of relations between Greek states. They usually contain a list of the privileges granted to the honoured person by the state that issued the decree. People who were honoured as proxenoi either lived in these states or visited them regularly for political, diplomatic or commercial purposes. Connections between the two parties were chiefly maintained by land or sea routes, with the latter more common. Among the privileges afforded to foreign citizens was the right to enter and depart harbour in times of both peace and war, with immunity from confiscation and without concluding a special treaty. Most proxenoi were also relieved of the obligation to pay taxes to the polis community. The detail of such proxenic decrees informs the works of scholars researching maritime trade in the Greek world, as it reveals the itineraries and the sea routes used in different periods. A great many proxenic decrees came from the region of Pontus, mainly from its western, northern and southern areas, with a few emanating from the eastern Black Sea coast. They have been carefully studied for content pertaining to politics and trade, but have not yet been researched extensively as evidence for maritime linkages. I have looked at these decrees from this perspective, but only with regard to the seaways used by citizens of the Crimean city of Tauric Chersonesus in various periods.1 However, the Black Sea coast yields numerous decrees that have yet to be studied from this point of view. My aim here is to use them to examine seafaring, and also political, trading and cultural contacts, along the sea routes.
Toward a Middle–Range Theory of Weight Management
Authors: Pickett Stephanie , Peters Rosalind M. , Jarosz Patricia A.
Published: June 2014

The authors of this paper present the middle-range theory of weight management that focuses on cultural, environmental, and psychosocial factors that influence behaviors needed for weight control. The theory of weight management was developed deductively from Orem’s theory of self-care, a constituent theory within the broader self-care deficit nursing theory and from research literature. Linkages between the conceptual and middle-range theory concepts are illustrated using a substruction model. The development of the theory of weight management serves to build nursing science by integrating extant nursing theory and empirical knowledge. This theory may help predict weight management in populations at risk for obesity-related disorders.
The Living Experience of Feeling Overwhelmed
Authors: Condon Barbara Backer
Published: June 2014

Feeling overwhelmed is a universal living experience of living quality. Although feeling overwhelmed frequently occurs in healthcare, studies related to its meaning have never been published. Parse’s humanbecoming school of thought was the theoretical framework for this study. The research question for this study was: What is the structure of the living experience of feeling overwhelmed? The purpose was to advance nursing science and enhance the theory of humanbecoming. Parse’s phenomenological-hermeneutic research method was the method used. Participants from the general population included nine women and one man ranging in age from 18 to 65. Descriptions were arrived at through dialogical engagement. The major finding of the study is the structure: Feeling overwhelmed is burdening disconcertedness surfacing with divergent engagements as optimistic anticipation arises while structuring endeavors.
Thoughts About Collaboration—Or Is It Capitulation?
Authors: Fawcett Jacqueline
Published: June 2014

In this essay, I share my thoughts about collaboration and capitulation. I pose several questions that point to the danger of capitulation when collaborative efforts between nurses and between nurses and other healthcare team members fail to take into account the distinctive perspectives of the discipline of nursing and the distinctions between associate degree and baccalaureate degree entry into nursing practice programs.
Foucault and Soviet biopolitics
Authors: Prozorov Sergei
Published: June 2014

The article addresses the puzzling silence of the Foucaldian studies of biopolitics about Soviet socialism by revisiting Foucault’s own account of socialism in his 1970s work, particularly his 1975–6 course ‘Society Must Be Defended’. Foucault repeatedly denied the existence of an autonomous governmentality in socialism, demonstrating its dependence on the techniques of government developed in 19th-century western Europe. For Foucault Soviet socialism was fundamentally identical to its ideological antagonist in its biopolitical rationality, which he defined in terms of racism. This article challenges Foucault’s reading, demonstrating that his notion of racism is ill-suited to describe the governmental rationalities of Soviet socialism during both the formation and the consolidation of the Stalinist regime. While the Soviet project was paradigmatically biopolitical in its ambition to transform the forms of life of the population in line with the communist ideology, its biopolitics was fundamentally different from the security-oriented logic of racism, focusing instead on the exposure of the population to the violent transformation of their forms of life. Revisiting Foucault’s genealogy of racism, we argue that the point of descent of this biopolitics lies in the 19th-century split of the ‘counter-historical’ discourse of the struggle of the races into the discourses of state racism and class struggle. While Foucault’s genealogy focuses on the development of the former into liberal and totalitarian biopolitics as we know them, it leaves class struggle out of the history of biopolitics and is therefore unable to account for the biopolitical specificity of the Soviet project.
The domestication of Foucault
Authors: Allen Ansgar , Goddard Roy
Published: June 2014

Though Foucault was intrigued by the possibilities of radical social transformation, he resolutely resisted the idea that such transformation could escape the effects of power and expressed caution when it came to the question of revolution. In this article we argue that in one particularly influential line of development of Foucault’s work his exemplary caution has been exaggerated in a way that weakens the political aspirations of post-Foucaldian scholarship. The site of this reduction is a complex debate over the role of normativity in Foucaldian research, where it has been claimed that Foucault’s genealogical approach is unable to answer the question ‘ Why fight?’ The terms of this debate (on the neo-Foucaldian side) are limited by a dominant though selective interpretation of Foucault’s analytics of power, where power is understood primarily in terms of government, rather than struggle. In response we suggest that if we reconfigure power-as-government to power-as-war, this adjusts the central concern. ‘ Why fight?’ becomes replaced by the more immediate question, ‘ How fight?’ Without denying the obvious benefits of cautious scholarly work, we argue that a reconfiguration of Foucault’s analytics of power might help Foucaldian research to transcend the self-imposed ethic of political quietism that currently dominates the field.
Influence of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) content on mechanical and tribological properties of poly(ether ether ketone)/PTFE coatings prepared by electrostatic powder spraying technique
Authors: Zhu Shiyang , Zhang Yunhe , Li Qingwei , Wei Lingsong , Guan Shaowei
Published: June 2014

Poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK)/polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composite coatings with different PTFE contents were successfully fabricated using electrostatic spraying. The crystalline structure of the PEEK/PTFE coatings was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis. The effects of PTFE addition in the composite coatings on the hardness, adhesion, and tribological performance were discussed. The hardness and adhesion level of PEEK/PTFE coatings were not significantly affected by the addition of PTFE, which indicated that the coating possesses excellent mechanical properties. The PEEK/PTFE coatings showed better tribological performance than traditional PEEK coating. The PTFE/PTFE-3 (3 wt% mass fraction of PTFE in composite coating) coating has a friction coefficient of 0.133 (PEEK is 0.149) and wear rates of 3.8 × 10−5 mm3 N−1 m−1 (PEEK is 4.4 × 10−5 mm3 N−1 m−1).
Deficit and asset identity constructions of single women without children living in Australia: An analysis of discourse
Authors: Addie Elizabeth , Brownlow Charlotte
Published: June 2014

Construction of adult life course and identity has typically been built around norms of partnering and parenting, placing single women who do not have children outside the norm. Studies undertaken with single women have found that relationship status was a key factor in their identity construction. In this study, we conducted semi-structured interviews with five single women without children living in Australia. Drawing on critical discursive psychology, we found that participants negotiated two contesting discourses to construct their identities: the Heterosexual Relationship and Family Life discourse and the Independent Single Woman discourse. In crafting identities, tensions were identified between the positioning of self and the positioning of self by others, particularly with respect to the Heterosexual Relationship and Family Life discourse. This was evident in some women contesting the positions afforded by the discourse, instead drawing on an asset identity. This asset identity enabled the women to pursue positive life opportunities.
Relationship between ICU nurses’ moral distress with burnout and anticipated turnover
Authors: Shoorideh Foroozan Atashzadeh , Ashktorab Tahereh , Yaghmaei Farideh , Alavi Majd Hamid
Published: June 2014

Background:

Moral distress is one of intensive care unit nurses’ major problems, which may happen due to various reasons, and has several consequences. Due to various moral distress outcomes in intensive care unit nurses, and their impact on nurses’ personal and professional practice, recognizing moral distress is very important.

Research objective:

The aim of this study was to determine correlation between moral distress with burnout and anticipated turnover in intensive care unit nurses.

Research design:

This study is a descriptive-correlation research.

Participants and research context:

A total of 159 intensive care unit nurses were selected from medical sciences universities in Iran. Data collection instruments included “demographic questionnaire,” “ICU Nurses’ Moral Distress Scale,” “Copenhagen Burnout Inventory” and “Hinshaw and Atwood Turnover Scale.” Data analysis was done by using SPSS19.

Ethical considerations:

Informed consent from samples and research approval was obtained from Shahid Beheshti Medical Sciences University Research Ethics Board in Tehran.

Findings:

The findings showed intensive care unit nurses’ moral distress and anticipated turnover was high, but burnout was moderate. The results revealed that there was a positive statistical correlation between intensive care unit nurses’ age, their work experience and the fraction of nurses’ number to number of intensive care unit beds with their moral distress and burnout. However, there were no correlation between gender, marriage status, educational degree and work shift and moral distress.

Discussion:

Some of the findings of this research are consistent with other studies and some of them are inconsistent.

Conclusion:

Similarly, moral distress with burnout and anticipated turnover did not have statistical correlation. However, a positive correlation was found between burnout and anticipated turnover. The results showed that increase in the recruitment of young nurses, and nursing personnel, and diminishing intensive care unit nurses’ moral distress, burnout and their turnover intention are essential.
Measuring Suicidality Using the Personality Assessment Inventory
Authors: Patry Marc W. , Magaletta Philip R.
Published: June 2014

Although numerous studies have examined the psychometric properties and clinical utility of the Personality Assessment Inventory in correctional contexts, only two studies to date have specifically focused on suicide ideation. This article examines the convergent validity of the Suicide Ideation Scale and the Suicide Potential Index on the Personality Assessment Inventory in a large, nontreatment sample of male and female federal inmates ( N = 1,120). The data indicated robust validity support for both the Suicide Ideation Scale and Suicide Potential Index, which were each correlated with a broad group of validity indices representing multiple assessment modalities. Recommendations for future research to build upon these findings through replication and extension are made.
Predicting Performance on the Columbia Card Task
Authors: Buelow Melissa T.
Published: June 2014

Behavioral measures of risky decision making are frequently used by researchers and clinicians; however, most of these measures are strongly associated with personality characteristics and state mood. The present study sought to examine personality, mood, and executive function predictors of performance on a newer measure of decision making, the Columbia Card Task (CCT). Participants were 489 undergraduate students who completed either the hot or cold version of the CCT as well as measures of state mood, impulsive sensation seeking, behavioral inhibition and activation systems, and executive functions (Wisconsin Card Sort Task; Digit Span). Results indicated that performance on the CCT-cold was predicted by Wisconsin Card Sort Task errors, and Digit Span predicted the CCT-hot. In addition, significant correlations were found between the CCT information use variables and the predictor variables. Implications for the utility of the CCT as a clinical instrument and its relationship with other measures of decision making are discussed.
Addressing Academic and Opportunity Gaps Impacting Gifted Black Males
Authors: Henfield Malik S. , Washington Ahmad R. , Byrd Janice A.
Published: June 2014

To date, counseling is far behind many other helping professions in terms of producing scholarly literature highlighting and informing gifted Black male students’ needs and how to meet them. In particular, very little has been written about opportunity gaps that disproportionately place gifted Black male students at an academic disadvantage. Without such information, school counselors are left with an inadequate or less than comprehensive understanding of the potential issues associated with being Black, male, and identified as a gifted student. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to draw attention to common opportunity gaps in relation to gifted Black male students and ways school counselors can address them in and out of schools.
Using the Blooms–Banks Matrix to Develop Multicultural Differentiated Lessons for Gifted Students
Authors: Scott Michelle Trotman
Published: June 2014

Many classrooms are comprised of students with differing abilities ranging from students with disabilities to students with gifts and talents. While these students are sharing the same space, their differing cognitive levels must be met. Therefore, curricula must be used to meet the needs of the cognitive level that is represented within the class. The Ford–Harris Matrix, introduced in 1999, which merges the works of Benjamin Bloom and James Banks, will be re-introduced using a color code to conceptualize the model. Sample of activities using the Ford–Harris Matrix, along with pros and cons of instructing students within particular quadrants of the matrix, will also be provided.
The Use of Peer Networks to Increase Communicative Acts of Students With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Kamps Debra , Mason Rose , Thiemann-Bourque Kathy , Feldmiller Sarah , Turcotte Amy , Miller Todd
Published: June 2014

Peer networks including social groups using typical peers, scripted instruction, visual text cues, and reinforcement were examined with students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). A multiple baseline design across four participants was used to measure students’ use of communication acts with peers during free play following instruction. Peer Network groups occurred over a 3-month period for 30 min 3 times per week. Visual inspection of trends and TauU effect size calculations showed significant changes in total communication acts for all four participants during peer network sessions and increased initiations for three of the four participants. Generalization probes during classroom centers indicated increased communications following interventions for three of the four participants.
Use of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, demographics, and information sources as antecedents to cognitive and affective destination image for Egypt
Authors: Yacout Omneya M , Hefny Lamiaa I
Published: June 2014

This research examines the role of demographics and Hofstede’s cultural dimensions in the selection of tourist information sources and in the formation of destination image. Data were collected from 201 respondents from different countries. Findings generally support some of the hypothesized relationships. Cultural dimensions were significantly related to the use of travel agencies, friends, and magazines, while age was related to the use of the Internet. Previous experience and travel agencies were significantly and negatively associated with cognitive image. Only the Internet was associated with affective image. Academic and practical implications are presented as well as suggestions for future research.
Children consuming milk cereal drink are at increased risk for overweight: The IDEFICS Sweden study, on behalf of the IDEFICS Consortium
Authors: Wiberger Maja , Eiben Gabriele , Lissner Lauren , Mehlig Kirsten , Papoutsou Stalo , Hunsberger Monica
Published: June 2014

Aims:

The aims of this study were to characterize milk cereal drink (MCD) consumption among Swedish children and to investigate the association between MCD and overweight in a longitudinally followed cohort of children over 2 years of age.

Methods:

In the Swedish cohort from IDEFICS (Identification and prevention of Dietary- and lifestyle-induced health EFfects In Children and infantS) we examined early feeding practices and weight status when children were aged 2–9 years (2007/2008) and at 2-year follow-up. Weight and height were measured at both time points in 1077 children. Characteristics of MCD consumers were explored with logistic regression. Body mass index (BMI) z-scores at both time points and weight status at follow-up were regressed on explanatory factors using mixed linear and logistic regression, respectively.

Results:

Nearly 69% of children had consumed MCD. The MCD consumers were more likely than never-consumers to have two native Swedish parents, parents with less than 2 years of post-secondary education, and a shorter period of breastfeeding. MCD consumers had a higher BMI z-score at follow-up compared with baseline (difference in BMI z-score=0.12, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.07, 0.17), while the average BMI z-score in non-consumers remained stable over time (0.00, 95% CI= −0.07, 0.07). MCD consumers were nearly five times more likely than non-consumers to become overweight during the follow-up (odds ratio (OR)=4.78, 95% CI=1.68, 13.59), independent of breastfeeding.

Conclusions:

MCD was consumed by the majority of children in this study. MCD consumption is associated with an increased risk for overweight and less exposure to breastfeeding. Our findings motivate future research aimed at investigating how MCD should be recommended.
Designing and evaluating a balanced scorecard for a health information management department in a Canadian urban non-teaching hospital
Authors: Nippak Pria MD , Veracion Julius Isidro , Muia Maria , Ikeda-Douglas Candace J , Isaac Winston W
Published: June 2014

This report is a description of a balanced scorecard design and evaluation process conducted for the health information management department at an urban non-teaching hospital in Canada. The creation of the health information management balanced scorecard involved planning, development, implementation, and evaluation of the indicators within the balanced scorecard by the health information management department and required 6 months to complete. Following the evaluation, the majority of members of the health information management department agreed that the balanced scorecard is a useful tool in reporting key performance indicators. These findings support the success of the balanced scorecard development within this setting and will help the department to better align with the hospital’s corporate strategy that is linked to the provision of efficient management through the evaluation of key performance indicators. Thus, it appears that the planning and selection process used to determine the key indicators within the study can aid in the development of a balanced scorecard for a health information management department. In addition, it is important to include the health information management department staff in all stages of the balanced scorecard development, implementation, and evaluation phases.
To embody and to embalm: The uses of collective memory in the final editions of failed newspapers
Authors: Gilewicz Nicholas
Published: June 2014

Despite widespread handwringing by journalists and the trade press about the decline of the newspaper in the United States, very little academic literature has examined the texts of final editions of these failed newspapers. This article begins filling that gap by examining the metajournalistic discourse of four such newspapers – two that closed in the early 1980s, and two that closed in 2009. A close reading of these final editions reveals that journalists turn to collective memory to articulate the meaning of their work. Specifically, they deploy retrospective memory techniques to craft the present meanings of their newspaper closings, and they deploy prospective memory techniques to establish how and why their work should be remembered in the future. The analysis reveals the fundamental issue confronting newspaper journalism to be the dematerialization of news, suggesting that the era of newspaper crisis may be continuous and coincident with the advent of electronic communication.
Colour difference evaluation for white light sources
Authors: Luo MR , Cui G , Georgoula M
Published: June 2014

An experiment was carried out to study colour discrimination on a display to simulate six different white light sources. Each centre includes 20 pairs of illuminant mode colours, which were assessed by 20 observers using the ratio method against a dark background. The results were used to test various models including the xy, uv, u ′v ′ chromaticity diagrams; the CIELUV, CIELAB and CAM02-UCS uniform colour spaces and the CIEDE2000 colour-difference formula. The results showed that the models developed from illuminant mode colours such as u ′v ′ and CIELUV predicted the results much more accurately than those developed from surface mode colours such as CIEDE2000 and CAM02-UCS. The present results lead us to propose the use of Δu ′v ′ to set tolerances for all white light sources along the blackbody locus.
Health Education
Authors: Hou Su-I
Published: June 2014

Health Education: Theoretical Concepts, Effective Strategies and Core Competencies is a document published by the World Health Organization. This document provides overviews of core health education theory, emphasizes evidence-based health education, and highlights core competencies to facilitate a common understanding of the health education profession. Although the document results from a situation analysis of assessing health education capacity in Member States of the World Health Organization’s Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, it provides universal foundation elements important to all professionals in health education and related fields in any part of the world. In addition, it defines the role and responsibilities, sets the standards of health education, as well as emphasizes its critical contributions in health promotion. Health promotion practitioners can read quick updates and an overview on key roles, skills, and useful tools to be effective health educators.
Predicting the Winner of Tied National Football League Games
Authors: Quenzel Jared , Shea Paul
Published: June 2014

We construct a data set of all 429 tied at the half regular season National Football League (NFL) games between 1994 and 2012. We then examine whether or not the path taken to reach the tie (e.g., rushing yards, turnovers, etc.) has any ability to predict the eventual winner. Our main finding is that only the point spread is significantly predictive, although there is weak evidence to suggest that allowing more sacks reduces the chances of winning. Surprisingly, we find that the team receiving the first possession of the second half does not enjoy a statistically significant advantage. Teams should thus simply try to maximize their first half lead without expecting that first half strategies such as “establishing the run” will pay dividends in the second half.
“I’m a Storyteller!”
Authors: George Daniel R. , Houser Winona S.
Published: June 2014

Background:

TimeSlips creative storytelling program is beneficial for persons with dementia and caregivers, but no studies have qualitatively explored participant experience.

Methods:

Ten residents in a skilled nursing care unit participated in 2-hour-long TimeSlips sessions per week, for 6 weeks. Semistructured interviews of participants and staff members were conducted to elicit perceptions of TimeSlips. Thematic analysis was used to evaluate qualitative data.

Results:

There were specific benefits for residents (increased creativity, improved quality of life, positively altered behavior, and involvement in meaningful activity), staff members (learning new practices, developing a deeper understanding of residents, involvement in meaningful activity, and thinking creatively around programmatic challenges), and the nursing home community (nurturing relationships and improved atmosphere).

Conclusion:

Involvement in TimeSlips can engender benefits for residents, staff, and nursing home communities. Future research is needed to quantitatively assess whether the benefits noted in this study can longitudinally improve quality and lower cost of long-term care.
Developing a Survey of Transformative Learning Outcomes and Processes Based on Theoretical Principles
Authors: Stuckey Heather L. , Taylor Edward W. , Cranton Patricia
Published: June 2014

The purpose of this research was to develop an inclusive evaluation of “transformative learning theory” that encompassed varied perspectives of transformative learning. We constructed a validated quantitative survey to assess the potential outcomes and processes of how transformative learning may be experienced by college-educated adults. Based on a review of the rational/cognitive, extrarational, and social/emancipatory perspectives of transformation learning theory, the survey reflects the assumptions underlying these perspectives through survey items and allows the survey to be used in multiple contexts both inside and outside the formal classroom. Survey development included a comprehensive review of the literature, external review by experts in adult education, focus groups for clarification of the items, the calculation of interitem correlations for each scale and cross-scale correlations, and the calculation of Cronbach’s α reliability coefficients. This survey has the potential to advance the study of transformative learning by being inclusive of several existing theoretical perspectives that have common outcomes.
Facebook and FarmVille
Authors: Burroughs Benjamin
Published: June 2014

This article seeks to build a digital ritual framework for the analysis of social gaming and social networking. The architectural design that intertwines Facebook and FarmVille is heightened by the formal and informal participation in ritual practices, which we theorize as digital rituals. Facebook and FarmVille provide a substantive case study that delves into the topical blurring of lines around the game space or magic circle. Through digital ethnographic methodologies the article identifies a number of digital ritual engagements that fit well with Grant McCracken’s (1986) four different kinds of consumer rituals: exchange rituals, possession rituals, grooming rituals, and divestment rituals. Social gaming is contextualized as the extension of digital third places complicating distinctions between social network and social networking sites. Beyond simply phatic communication or decompression, FarmVille and Facebook through digital ritual participation are increasingly the manifestation of our networked interests, communities, and lives.
Equipping the Designers of the Future
Authors: Boots Nikki Kim , Strobel Johannes
Published: June 2014

This article seeks to create a synthesis of different elements of epistemic games and their place in the larger scale of games and educational games and the potential for learning as these elements are incorporated into classroom use. This article is intended to assist educators in familiarizing themselves with the concept of epistemic gaming to both enable them to incorporate these ideas in teaching the next generation of game designers and developers and to encourage its inclusion among the various markets available for game design.
Interaction of Gender and Body Composition on Rectus Femoris Morphology as Measured With Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Imaging
Authors: Martinez Corina , Davis Ashley , Myers Heather , Butler Robert J.
Published: June 2014

Background:

Quadriceps function is an important measure in patients recovering postoperatively. Traditionally, strength measures that require high levels of resistance are contraindicated during the early postoperative phase. Thus it may be helpful to evaluate the utilization of other tools, such as ultrasound imaging, that allow for assessment during a position of low resistance.

Hypothesis:

The rectus femoris cross-sectional area (CSA) is affected by sex and body composition in healthy subjects.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Level of Evidence:

Level 4.

Methods:

Thirty-two healthy subjects (16 women, 16 men), selected from a previously larger study, were chosen for analysis. All subjects underwent a maximal volitional isometric contraction protocol from 0° to 90° of knee motion controlled by an isokinetic dynamometer. In the contracted and resting positions, the rectus femoris CSA was measured at each angle using ultrasound imaging. The contractile index (contracted − resting CSA) was calculated at each position. Subjects were separated into 1 of 4 groups based on sex and fat percentage (low or high). These data were analyzed using mixed-factor analysis of variance (group × angle) for each variable, with a critical α level of 0.05.

Results:

A significant interaction was noted for the CSA of the rectus femoris at rest ( P < 0.03) and during contraction ( P < 0.02). For both variables, all groups performed similarly, with the exception of women with high body fat percentage. No statistically significant interaction existed for the contractile index; however, a main effect for angle ( P < 0.01) was observed.

Conclusion:

Rectus femoris CSA appears to depend on sex as well as the body composition of individuals.

Clinical Relevance:

Traditional subjective assessment measures of quadriceps strength and function have low reliability and functional validity. With the improved feasibility of ultrasound imaging in the clinical setting, quadriceps size may be more accurately measured during the early postoperative stages.
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Comparing Clinical Outcomes After Concurrent Rotator Cuff Repair and Long Head Biceps Tenodesis or Tenotomy
Authors: Leroux Timothy , Chahal Jaskarndip , Wasserstein David , Verma Nikhil N. , Romeo Anthony A.
Published: June 2014

Context:

A comparison of clinical outcomes after long head of biceps (LHB) tenotomy or tenodesis performed concurrently with rotator cuff repair (RCR) is of interest to physicians and patients.

Objective:

A systematic review of clinical outcome studies examining LHB tenotomy or tenodesis performed concurrently with RCR. Secondarily, perform a meta-analysis of data from comparative studies.

Data Sources:

MEDLINE (1946 to week 30 of 2013) and EMBASE (1980 to week 30 of 2013).

Study Selection:

Levels 1 through 4 studies reporting clinical outcomes of concurrent RCR and LHB tenotomy or tenodesis with minimum 1-year follow-up.

Study Design:

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Level of Evidence:

Level 4.

Data Extraction:

Two independent reviewers identified eligible studies and applied the exclusion criteria. Clinical outcome data, including functional outcome score(s), biceps deformity and cramping, and patient satisfaction, were extracted. Clinical outcome data from included studies were pooled (weighted according to study size) and reported. A meta-analysis was performed only on outcomes extracted from comparative studies (α = 0.05).

Results:

Twelve studies (N = 565 patients; mean age, 61.3 years; 46.3% men) were included. Of these, 6 (N = 263) included RCR and LHB tenotomy and 9 (N = 302) included RCR and LHB tenodesis. A meta-analysis was performed on 3 comparative studies (levels 1 and 2), demonstrating that the postoperative Constant score at a mean follow-up of 25.5 months was significantly greater after tenodesis (92.8 [tenodesis] vs 90.6 [tenotomy], P < 0.01); however, this difference was less than the reported minimal clinically important difference of 10.4 points. Similarly, the rate of biceps deformity was significantly less after tenodesis (15.5% [tenotomy] vs 3.9% [tenodesis], P < 0.01); however, most patients were not bothered by it. There were no significant differences in the rate of biceps cramping or patient satisfaction.

Conclusion:

Although the postoperative Constant score and rate of biceps deformity favor LHB tenodesis statistically, the clinical significance appears negligible.
Evidence of Self-Informant Agreement in Ethnic Identity
Authors: Yap Stevie C. Y. , Anusic Ivana , Donnellan M. Brent , Lucas Richard E.
Published: June 2014

Ethnic identity is considered to be a psychologically important characteristic that is associated with adjustment outcomes. However, little is known about the degree to which ethnic identity manifests itself in characteristics that are observable to others. This study is the first to evaluate self-other agreement in ethnic identity and to use a multimethod approach for testing the associations between ethnic identity and adjustment outcomes. Results provide evidence of agreement across self and informant reports of the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure, the most widely used measure of ethnic identity in the literature. We also find evidence for shared method effects across informant reports of life satisfaction and ethnic identity. Finally, we find evidence for an association between latent ethnic identity and latent life satisfaction and self esteem scores, suggesting that the association between ethnic identity and both life satisfaction and self-esteem is more than just shared method variance.
Ethnological Counterpoint
Authors: Rivera-Barnes Beatriz
Published: June 2014

This article is a comparative reading of Ortiz’s Los negros brujos published in 1906 and Price-Mars’s Ainsi parla l’oncle published in 1929. This reading goes back to the beginning of the 20th century and also takes into account more recent Santeria and Vodou scholarship in an effort to determine if these religions are still cooking (Palmie) now that anthropology has happened.
Community Members Draw the Line
Authors: Freeland Gregory
Published: June 2014

This study investigates whether a community-based task force’s redistricting plan in Ventura County, California, positively affected fair representation, social equity issues, community interests, and the electoral process. Examination and evaluation of the organizational strategies and collaborations involved in the task force’s redistricting process find that the Board of Supervisors districts that members of the community drew were successful in improving and maintaining fair representation. This finding is based on comparing supervisorial votes and policies with community members’ votes on state propositions and local measures, in addition to conducting interviews with task force members, politicians, and community activists. This study finds that citizen participation in governmental processes improves overall community health and political participation.
Imperialism and the Agrarian Question
Authors: Patnaik Prabhat
Published: June 2014

The classical discussion of the agrarian question in the writings of Kautsky and Lenin occurred in the context of countries which were not under colonial or imperial yoke. This classical discussion, therefore, needs to be further developed, not just to take account of the changes that have taken place but also to take account of the colonial/imperial context whose specificity has not yet received the attention it deserves, specifically its ‘income deflating’ mechanisms in the peripheries of the system. The perspective which derived from Lenin’s writings remains essentially valid, especially its emphasis on land redistribution, as overall capitalist development has failed to absorb an adequate number of workers into the capitalist sector. But even while the core of the understanding of the resolution of the agrarian question remains essentially valid, new developments in imperialism, which have brought in a new player to the agrarian scene in a major way, namely corporate capital, raise a number of new issues which have to be confronted today and which did not exist earlier.
Shear enhances thrombopoiesis and formation of microparticles that induce megakaryocytic differentiation of stem cells
Authors: Jiang Jinlin , Woulfe Donna S. , Papoutsakis Eleftherios T.
Published: June 2014

Key Points

Physiological shear stress promotes megakaryocytic maturation, DNA synthesis, phosphatidylserine exposure and caspase-3 activation. Shear enhances the production and function of PLPs and Mk-derived microparticles possessing a novel function.
Chronic granulomatous disease mimicking early-onset Crohn’s disease with cutaneous manifestations
Authors: Barbato Maria , Ragusa Giovanni , Civitelli Fortunata , Marcheggiano Adriana , Di Nardo Giovanni , Iacobini Metello , Melengu Taulant , Cucchiara Salvatore , Duse Marzia
Published: June 2014

Background

Chronic granulomatous disease is a rare inherited disorder of the innate immune system. In patients with a clinical history of recurrent or persistent infections, especially infections caused by uncommon species, chronic granulomatous disease should be considered.

Case presentation

We report the case of a 5-year-old boy with a presumptive diagnosis of Crohn’s disease with extraintestinal manifestations. Chronic granulomatous disease was suspected in this case after Serratia marcescens was isolated from a skin ulcer culture. Granulomas were confirmed on histology and chronic granulomatous disease was diagnosed.

Conclusion

This case emphasizes the importance of high clinical suspicion of an alternative diagnosis of immune deficiency in patients with presumed inflammatory bowel disease and opportunistic infections, especially when disease occurs in early life.
Proposed new clinicopathological surrogate definitions of luminal A and luminal B (HER2-negative) intrinsic breast cancer subtypes
Authors: Maisonneuve Patrick , Disalvatore Davide , Rotmensz Nicole , Curigliano Giuseppe , Colleoni Marco , Dellapasqua Silvia , Pruneri Giancarlo , Mastropasqua Mauro G , Luini Alberto , Bassi Fabio , Pagani Gianmatteo , Viale Giuseppe , Goldhirsch Aron
Published: June 2014

Introduction

The St Gallen International Expert Consensus on the Primary Therapy of Early Breast Cancer 2013 recognized substantial progress in the pathological characterization of breast cancer subtypes. A useful surrogate definition was developed to distinguish luminal A–like breast cancer from luminal B–like disease based on a combination of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR) and Ki-67 status, without a requirement for molecular diagnostics. Differences depend upon the choice of the threshold value for Ki-67 and the requirement for substantial PgR positivity. We aimed to verify the suitability of the new surrogate definitions of luminal subtypes in terms of distant disease control in a large series of patients.

Methods

We studied 9,415 women with a median follow-up of 8.1 years who (1) had ER-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–negative early breast cancer and (2) had undergone surgery at the European Institute of Oncology between 1994 and 2006. We evaluated distant disease-free survival of patients with “low” (<14%), “intermediate” (14% to 19%) or “high” (≥20%) Ki-67 positivity stratified by PgR expression (negative or low versus high). We calculated the cumulative incidence of distant events, considered competing events and performed multivariable analysis adjusted for pathologic tumor stage, pathologic node stage, tumor grade, peritumoral vascular invasion and menopausal status.

Results

Lack of substantial PgR positivity was associated with poorer outcomes only for patients with an intermediate Ki-67 level (P < 0.001). The 4,890 patients (51.9%) with low Ki-67 level (any PgR expression level) or with intermediate Ki-67 level but substantial PgR positivity had comparably good outcomes and thus may represent a most advantageous grouping of those with luminal A–like disease.

Conclusions

The updated pathological definition of intrinsic molecular subtypes may maximize the number of patients classified as having the luminal A–like intrinsic subtype of breast cancer and for whom the use of cytotoxic drugs could mostly be avoided.
The molecular landscape of the normal human breast – defining normal
Authors: Hilton Heidi N , Graham J Dinny
Published: June 2014

A key approach in understanding how breast cancer can occur is to determine the regulatory pathways at play in the normal breast and to identify precisely the normal developmental mechanisms subverted during early breast cancer progression. Using normal human breast tissue samples, Pardo and colleagues have identified the gene targets and pathways displaying fluctuating expression as a consequence of the menstrual cycle. Detailed characterization of how the human breast functions in its normal state, and how this may be perturbed at its earliest point, will provide a critical step toward the prevention of breast cancer.