bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Partnership is the key to nursing's future
Authors: Castledine George
Published: December 2014

Several years ago nurse education moved from hospitals into universities and a new co urse was introduced called Project 2000. Today, 70 universities and colleges educate around 56 000 nurses and midwives to both degree and diploma standard. Unfortunately, instead of celebrating this achievement, there has been widespread criticism.
Development of a Web Service for Analysis in a Distributed Network
Authors: Jiang Xiaoqian , Wu Yuan , Marsolo Keith , Ohno-Machado Lucila
Published: December 2014

Objective: We describe functional specifications and practicalities in the
software development process for a web service that allows the construction of the
multivariate logistic regression model, Grid Logistic Regression (GLORE), by aggregating
partial estimates from distributed sites, with no exchange of patient-level
data.Background: We recently developed and published a web service for model
construction and data analysis in a distributed environment. This recent paper provided
an overview of the system that is useful for users, but included very few details that
are relevant for biomedical informatics developers or network security personnel who may
be interested in implementing this or similar systems. We focus here on how the system
was conceived and implemented.Methods: We followed a two-stage development approach by
first implementing the backbone system and incrementally improving the user experience
through interactions with potential users during the development. Our system went
through various stages such as concept proof, algorithm validation, user interface
development, and system testing. We used the Zoho Project management system to track
tasks and milestones. We leveraged Google Code and Apache Subversion to share code among
team members, and developed an applet-servlet architecture to support the cross platform
deployment.Discussion: During the development process, we encountered challenges such as
Information Technology (IT) infrastructure gaps and limited team experience in
user-interface design. We figured out solutions as well as enabling factors to support
the translation of an innovative privacy-preserving, distributed modeling technology
into a working prototype.Conclusion: Using GLORE (a distributed model that we developed
earlier) as a pilot example, we demonstrated the feasibility of building and integrating
distributed modeling technology into a usable framework that can support
privacy-preserving, distributed data analysis among researchers at geographically
dispersed institutes.
Support and Self-Efficacy Among Latino and White Parents of Children With ID
Authors: Cohen Shana R. , Holloway Susan D. , Domínguez-Pareto Irenka , Kuppermann Miriam
Published: December 2014

Research indicates that mothers of children with ID who receive familial support experience less stress than those who receive less support. Less is known about the relation of support to mothers' evaluation of parenting self-efficacy, particularly in Latino families. We examined the relationship of different types of family support to life satisfaction and parenting self-efficacy (PSE), and explored whether income and ethnicity moderated these relationships. Interviews with 84 Latino and 37 White participants revealed that partner emotional support predicted life satisfaction and PSE in both ethnic groups, with a stronger relationship evident for the PSE of Latino mothers. Income was not a significant moderator. These findings provide guidance for more effective family interventions targeted toward Latinos.
Variability of the Aging Process in Dementia-Free Adults With Down Syndrome
Authors: Tsao Raphaele , Kindelberger Cecile , Fréminville Benedicte , Touraine Renaud , Bussy Gerald
Published: December 2014

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to analyze the typical aging process in adults with Down syndrome, focusing on its variability. The sample comprised 120 adults with Down syndrome who were free of dementia. Ages ranged from 20 to 69 years. Each participant was assessed on cognitive functioning and social adaptation, and was checked for the presence of psychopathological disorders. Results revealed an age-related deterioration in both cognitive and social adaptation skills, the extent of this decline depending on the dimension under scrutiny, and interindividual variability in aging profiles.
Predictors of Specialized Inpatient Admissions for Adults With Intellectual Disability
Authors: Modi Miti , McMorris Carly , Palucka Anna , Raina Poonam , Lunsky Yona
Published: December 2014

Individuals with intellectual disability (ID) have complex mental health needs and may seek specialized ID psychiatric services. This study reports on predictors of specialized inpatient admissions for 234 individuals with ID who received outpatient services at a psychiatric hospital. Overall, from 2007-2012, 55 of the 234 outpatients were triaged into the specialized inpatient unit. Aggression towards others and psychotropic polypharmacy significantly predicted these admissions. Unlike previous research, schizophrenia and level of ID did not predict admissions, suggesting that these factors may have a differential impact in specialized versus mainstream inpatient services. Findings are discussed in relation to how specialized inpatient units can be most responsive to these vulnerable patients and the factors that may impact clinical decision making.
Coset decomposition method for storing and decoding fingerprint data
Authors: Sayed Mohamed
Published: December 2014

Biometrics such as fingerprints, irises, faces, voice, gait and hands are often used for access control, authentication and encryption instead of PIN and passwords. In this paper a syndrome decoding technique is proposed to provide a secure means of storing and matching various biometrics data. We apply an algebraic coding technique called coset decomposition to the model of fingerprint biometrics. The algorithm which reveals the matching between registered and probe fingerprints is modeled and implemented using MATLAB.
Things: Religion and the Question of Materiality (Houtman and Meyer, eds.)
Authors: Berlinger Gabrielle A.
Published: December 2014

This work is a book review considering the title Things: Religion and the Question of Materiality edited by Dick Houtman and Birgit Meyer.
Zuverlässige Objekt-Erkennung und -Ortung mit einem 3D-Ultraschall Sensor
Authors: Walter Christian , Schweinzer Herbert
Published: December 2014

Hochauflösende akustische Laufzeitmessung mehrerer Sender/Empfänger
Paare ermöglichen die Bestimmung des Abstands und der Richtung von
Reflexionspunkten im Raum. Die Beherrschung komplexer
Objekt-Konstellationen durch ausgefeilte
Sensorkonstruktion sichert eine hohe Qualität der
Messwerte. Damit können Lage,
Orientierung und Typ von geometrischen Objekten bestimmt
werden. Der Artikel beschreibt die Funktionsweise des
Sensors und der verwendeten Verfahren. Eine
experimentelle Verifikation in einem typischen Büroraum demonstriert die
Erkennung von mehreren Ebenen und einem Zylinder.
ATR-Photometer zur Bestimmung der
Isocyanatkonzentration in Prozessanwendungen
Authors: Theuer Michael , Hennig Steffen , Ferstl Wolfgang , Konz Werner , Lambrecht Armin
Published: December 2014

Typische Spektrometer im mittleren Infrarot verwenden aufgrund der
starken Absorption in flüssigen Medien Transmissionsküvetten mit kleinsten
Schichtdicken. Durch die damit einhergehende Verstopfungsproblematik werden
diese im Vergleich zu Messzellen oder Sonden in anderen Spektralbereichen
wartungsintensiver. Der Einsatz der ATR (abgeschwächte Totalreflexion) Technik
erlaubt dahingegen eine Messung mit effektiv kleinen Absorptionslängen in
Reflexionsgeometrie. Zusätzlich wird hier am Beispiel der Isocyanate eine
Anwendung vorgestellt, die es ermöglicht, die breitbandige Spektroskopie auf
die bekannte Photometrie zu reduzieren, um eine gleichzeitig sensitive und
robuste Messapplikation zu erhalten. Dieser vorgestellte Ansatz der ATR
Photometrie hat das Potential einer preiswerten inline Messlösung für
verschiedenste Anwendungen in der Prozessanalysentechnik (PAT).
Spine and Spinal Cord Injuries on the Basis of Medical Documentation
Authors: Rosińczuk Joanna , Pietralik Paweł , Wojciechowicz Łukasz , Kołtuniuk Aleksandra
Published: December 2014

Introduction. The progressive mechanisation of work in every area of life and the rapid development of means of transport have a major impact on the steadily increasing number of injuries. Spinal injuries are a major medical problem due to the complex structure of the spine, and particularly the neural elements located in the spine.Aim. The analysis of causes, the number and type of injuries of the spine and spinal cord trauma performed on the basis of the documentation from the Emergency Department (ED) of Lower Silesia Specialized Hospitalname Tadeusz Marciniak in Wroclaw and documentation from the Clinic and the University Clinical Hospital (UCH) in Wroclaw.Material and Methods. A retrospective analysis was performed on the documentation of 530 patients from the ED at Lower Silesia Specialized Hospital name Tadeusz Marciniak in Wroclaw who suffered a back injury and/or spinal cord injury and 45 patients from the Clinic and the Department of Neurosurgery at UCH in Wroclaw who were treated for a spine injury and spinal cord injury.Results. The analysis of the study material shows that:— more than a half of the ED patients (58.87%) and 44% of those hospitalized in the Department of Neurosurgery suffered a spinal injury during a traffic collision;— more men were patients in the Department of Neurosurgery (60%), whereas among the ED patients women were slightly more often hospitalized because of a spine injury (52.64%);— the vast majority of respondents with spinal injury were brought to hospital by emergency teams.Conclusions.1. The predominant reason for spinal injuries and spinal cord injuries being motor vehicle accidents.2. Mainly young people aged 20–35 years suffer spine and spinal cord injuries.3. Spine injury most often refers to the cervical part of the spine. (JNNN 2014;3(4):153–156)
Depression and its Severity among Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Skorupska-Król Agnieszka , Pejas-Grzybek Lidia , Oskędra Iwona
Published: December 2014

Introduction. As a psychopathological disorder, depression affects a lot of people with chronic neurological diseases and poor prognosis. It touches approximately 40–50% of patients with multiple sclerosis (SM). Depression may be a consequence of patients’ poor mobility caused by MS, the location of inflammation or side effects of phase 1 pharmacotherapy and immunomodulatory treatment. As experience shows, co-occurrence of MS with depression impairs rehabilitation, patients’ quality of life and their physical fitness.Aim. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of depression and its intensity as well as to analyse its relationship to patients’ everyday functioning and such sociodemographic factors as age and sex.Material and Methods. 38 people with multiple sclerosis who were patients of Neurology Clinic in Cracow (both of the hospital ward and the hospital out-patient clinic) took part in a survey. It was carried out using diagnostic poll method and the analysis of documentation. Patients were asked to complete data collection tools such as Beck’s Scale, Katz Scale and sociodemographic inventory. Patients’ medical history and individual medical order sheets were also analysed. Then statistical calculations were performed.Results. Depression symptoms vary in intensity. According to Beck’s scale results, 23.7% of patients were affected by minimal depression. Another 23.7% of respondents reported mild depression. Moderate and severe depression was observed in two equal groups — 7.9% of patients. Beck’s Scale and Katz Scale results correlation proved to be statistically insignificant (p=0.08). Age and sex were not related to the emotional state of the patients. However, detailed analysis of the data showed that young people (20–29 years old) do not suffer from depression symptoms.Conclusions. Although multiple sclerosis patients may suffer from depression, its intensity varies. Young people do not feel negative emotions because they are not ill for a long time. (JNNN 2014;3(4):169–174)
The use of Functional Capacity Scale in the Assessment of Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury — Multicenter Studies
Authors: Ślusarz Robert , Lorencowicz Regina , Rosińczuk Joanna , Jabłońska Renata , Królikowska Agnieszka , Śniegocki Maciej
Published: December 2014

Introduction. One of the most serious life and health hazards of a modern man are injuries, one of which is traumatic brain injury (TBI). Among functional scales that are most commonly used for the assessment of the condition of a patient after TBI we can distinguish the Modified Rankin Scale, Disability Rating Scale (DRS), Barthel Index, Functional Independence Measure (FIM), Glasgow Outcome Scale and Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOSE).Aim. The main aim of this work was to present Functional Capacity Scale in the assessment of patients after traumatic brain injury.Material and Methods. In the multicenter studies, there were 159 patients examined. They were hospitalized in neurosurgical wards in Bydgoszcz, Lublin and Wroclaw due to traumatic brain injury. The research was based on twofold assessment (on the day of admission — assessment 1 and discharge — assessment 2) of the condition of a patient after traumatic brain injury with the use of standardized research tools such as Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Functional Capacity Scale (FCS) and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). The method used was direct observation with measurement.Results. The average result of functional capacity in FCS was 34,41 points (71.7%) on the day of admission, and 41,87 points (87.2%) on the day of discharge. After analyzing the differences between the FCS results of men and women, there was no difference between gender groups that would be statistically significant (p>0.05) both on the day of admission and discharge. The age groups remained in statistically significant, low correlation with the results of FCS on the day of admission (R=0.261; p=0.001) and were on the edge of significance (R=0.140; p=0.088) on the day of discharge. The place of residence did not differentiate (p>0.05) the functional capacity assessed with FCS. The results of FCS remained in statistically significant correlation with GCS results (p<0.05) both on the day of admission and discharge and GOS (p=0.000) results on the day of discharge.Conclusions. The FCS scale, suggested for functional assessment of patients with traumatic brain injury, is a tool that appropriately recognizes the functional condition of a patient with traumatic brain injury. It substantially correlates with GCS and GOS, which denotes that its construction and prognostic features are accurate. (JNNN 2014;3(4):175–182)
Ways of Describing the Degree of Physically Impaired Children, the Classification of Everyday Communication Skills and the Quality of Life Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Grabinska Marta , Kurylak Andrzej , Barczykowska Ewa
Published: December 2014

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a chronic and incurable disease, in which there is high possibility to significantly improve the patient’s condition. The formation of ways of describing the degree of physical impairment, the classification of everyday life communication skills or scales thanks to which there is high possibility to measure the quality of life in that specific group of patients, allows for thorough understanding of the needs, as well as systematic evaluation of therapeutic actions taken with respect to the patient with cerebral palsy.This work aims to provide the ways of describing a degree of physical impairment, the classification of everyday communication skills and the specific scales used to describe the quality of life patients with cerebral palsy.Research in the group of patients with ICP allows to learn the needs of patients and may be useful in channeling into development of the patients’ life quality from both clinical and social aspects. (JNNN 2014;3(4):183–187)
Integrated systems analysis reveals a molecular network underlying autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Li Jingjing , Shi Minyi , Ma Zhihai , Zhao Shuchun , Euskirchen Ghia , Ziskin Jennifer , Urban Alexander , Hallmayer Joachim , Snyder Michael
Published: December 2014

Autism is a complex disease whose etiology remains elusive. We integrated previously and newly generated data and developed a systems framework involving the interactome, gene expression and genome sequencing to identify a protein interaction module with members strongly enriched for autism candidate genes. Sequencing of 25 patients confirmed the involvement of this module in autism, which was subsequently validated using an independent cohort of over 500 patients. Expression of this module was dichotomized with a ubiquitously expressed subcomponent and another subcomponent preferentially expressed in the corpus callosum, which was significantly affected by our identified mutations in the network center. RNA‐sequencing of the corpus callosum from patients with autism exhibited extensive gene mis‐expression in this module, and our immunochemical analysis showed that the human corpus callosum is predominantly populated by oligodendrocyte cells. Analysis of functional genomic data further revealed a significant involvement of this module in the development of oligodendrocyte cells in mouse brain. Our analysis delineates a natural network involved in autism, helps uncover novel candidate genes for this disease and improves our understanding of its molecular pathology.
Insecta, Ephemeroptera, Leptohyphidae, Tricorythopsis yacutinga: First record to Brazil
Authors: Siegloch Ana Emilia , Froehlich Claudio Gilberto
Published: December 2014

None
Herpetofauna, Coastal Dunes, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina

Authors: Kacoliris Federico , Horlent Nathalie , Williams Jorge
Published: December 2014

Coastal dunes habitats at Buenos Aires province are in a fragmentation and habitat loss process due to related human activities. Knowledge on the herpetofauna of Buenos Aires province coast habitats is plentiful for some species of lizards and scarce for most amphibians and snakes. With the aim to present a list on the amphibians and reptiles of the coastal dune habitats in Buenos Aires province we recorded species coming from field work, cited in literature, and vouchers specimens deposited in herpetological collections. We recorded 35 species in six sectors that represent the last remnants of coastal dunes in good conservation status. The Mar Chiquita and Faro Querandí Reserves represent an important contribution to the conservation of several species that inhabit coastal dune habitats. It is necessary to increase the knowledge on biodiversity in those habitats in order to develop conservation strategies.
Reptilia, Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae, Echinosaura horrida: distribution extension and new geographic distribution map for Ecuador
Authors: Ortega-Andrade H. Mauricio
Published: December 2014

None
Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae, Dendropsophus anceps (Lutz, 1929): filling gap, geographic distribution map and vocalization

Authors: Gomes Felipe Bittioli Rodrigues , Martins Itamar Alves
Published: December 2014

None
Insecta, Hymenoptera, Bethylidae: range extension and filling gaps in Yemens

Authors: Azevedo Celso O. , Guimarães Bruno H.
Published: December 2014

None
Checklist of polychaete species from Paraná state (Southern Brazil)
Authors: Lana Paulo Cunha , Santos Cinthya S. G. , Garraffoni André R. S. , Oliveira Verônica M. , Oliveira Verônica M. , Radashevsky Vasily
Published: December 2014

A checklist of polychaete species recorded from Paraná State (Southern Brazil, 25°10’– 25°58’ S / 47°59’– 48°35’ W), including estuarine areas from Paranaguá and Guaratuba Bays and shallow continental shelf bottoms, is reported. Altogether 44 families, 164 genera, and 259 valid species are currently known from the area. The list, which provides a synthesis of the regional taxonomical work carried out until now, can serve as a baseline survey for future studies.
Amphibia, Anura, Centrolenidae, Allophryne ruthveni Gaige, 1926: distribution extension for Rondônia, Southeastern Amazonia, Brazil
Authors: Bernarde Paulo Sérgio , Machado Reginaldo Assêncio , Macedo-Bernarde Lílian Cristina , Monção Guilherme Reis , Santos Weslei Valteran dos , Da Silva Mitzi Oliveira
Published: December 2014

None
Amphibia, Caudata, Plethodontidae: Bolitoglossa equatoriana and Bolitoglossa biseriata: range extensions, new provincial records from Ecuador, and natural history
Authors: Cisneros-Heredia Diego F.
Published: December 2014

None
Amphibia, Anura, Stereocyclops parkeri: distribution extension, new state record, geographic distribution map
Authors: Sawaya Ricardo J. , Haddad Célio F. B.
Published: December 2014

None
Amphibia, Caudata, Plethodontidae, Bolitoglossa medemi: distribution extension
Authors: Rivera-Correa Mauricio , Gutiérrez-C. Paul D.
Published: December 2014

None
Reptilia, Colubridae, Pseustes sulphureus: distribution extension, new state record
Authors: Borges-Nojosa Diva Maria , Loebmann Daniel , Lima Daniel Cassiano , Melo Júlio César Lima , Mai Ana Cecília Giacometti
Published: December 2014

None
Reptilia, Squamata, Colubridae, Chironius exoletus: distribution extension, new state record
Authors: Rojas-Runjaic Fernando J. M. , Rivero Edwin E. Infante
Published: December 2014

None
Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae, Psilophthalmus paeminosus: distribution extension, new state record
Authors: Delfim Fagner Ribeiro , Gonçalves Edelmo De Melo , Da Silva Selma Torquato
Published: December 2014

None
Fish, Piquiri River, Upper Paraná River basin, Paraná state, Brazil
Authors: Gubiani Éder André , Holzbach Arlei José , Baumgartner Gilmar , Neto Leontino Borges de Rezende , Bergmann Fernando
Published: December 2014

None
Amphibia, Anura, Centrolenidae, Centrolene mariaelenae: distribution extension, Ecuador
Authors: Cisneros-Heredia Diego F. , Guayasamin Juan M.
Published: December 2014

None
Mammalia, Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae, Platyrrhinus lineatus: range expansion to the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Weber Marcelo De Moraes , Cáceres Nilton Carlos , De Lima Daniela Oliveira , Camilotti Vagner Luis , Roman Cassiano , Neto Leopoldo Telles
Published: December 2014

None
Filozoficzne problemy wokół interpersonalnych porównań użyteczności
Authors: Kwarciński Tomasz
Published: December 2014

I attempt a systematic analysis of the philosophical problems related to interpersonal utility comparisons. The issue has importance both for economics theory and practice. There are four groups of such problems: semantic, epistemological, anthropological and axiological. My investigation of intergroup relationships led to the following conclusions: first, the most important problems are semantic ones; second, descriptive interpretations of interpersonal utility comparisons are based on doubtful semantic and epistemological premises; third, normative interpretations of interpersonal utility comparisons can be formulated upon different epistemological premises.
Aksjomatyczna analiza sprawiedliwości dystrybutywnej Johna Rawlsa w modelu Arrowa-Debreu
Authors: Mrówka Joanna
Published: December 2014

The paper presents the concept of John Rawls’ distributive justice and its axiomatic analysis in a market economy represented by a Debreu economy with private property. The interpersonal comparisons introduced allow for the designation of the least advantaged individuals and for the rules to be defined for the difference principle. This principle is then generalised to the leximin. The defined relationships of justice, independent of the state economy, characterise the model of the economy. This allows for the construction of multi-range relational systems with characteristics specifically defined. Suitable defined extensions of systems and their characteristics illustrate Schumpeter’s evolutionary economics. In this perspective, we may ask what conditions guarantee the preservation of the defined relationships of distributive justice. The answer may be found in the cumulative extension of a Debreu economy corresponding to Schumpeterian circular flow. The innovative changes, which are the basis for economic development, while sustaining cumulativity, preserve the level of justice in the sense of the difference principle and increase the level of justice in the sense of leximin.
Kluczowe wskaźniki ryzyka w procesie zarządzania w warunkach ryzyka operacyjnego w banku
Authors: Thlon Michał
Published: December 2014

Operational risk is defined as the possibility of losses resulting from the failure, deficiency or inadequacy of internal processes, people and systems or from external events. Operational risk measurement methods are different from techniques applicable to other types of risk. The particular issues involved in operational risk and the difficulty of estimating its impact on the level of income earned significantly complicate the measurement. Therefore, in order to estimate the level of operational risk there is a tendency to take a comprehensive approach to operational risk management, understood as the combination of qualitative risk estimation, quantitative measurement methods and Key Risk Indicators (KRI). The main objective of the paper is to analyse the most important aspects of the use of KRI in managing operational risk. This objective determines the paper’s structure. I analyse the definition, characteristics, applications and quantification methods of KRI, in that order.
Nowoczesne paradygmaty zarządzania jako element podnoszenia wartości spółek przemysłu spożywczego
Authors: Firlej Krzysztof , Bargieł Aleksandra
Published: December 2014

The article looks at modern paradigms of management from a theoretical and analytical point of view. It is assumed that these paradigms play a part in improving how companies in the food industry function. The theoretical part presents an evaluation and the current state of management paradigms. These paradigms are than collated in the aspect of their use in the process of managing food industry companies. Individual management paradigms are then tested for how they work in company operations, noting that their correct use has a significant influence on increasing the company’s value and market position. The analysis of operations in this area confirmed that the companies considered here are highly interested in doing what they can to effectively improve their market value, and that they also keep abreast of scientific research as well as their rivals’ behaviour. Employing all of these means, they try to accomplish their goals.
Spełnienie wymogu niezależności członków rad nadzorczych w procesie zapewnienia jakości rewizji finansowej
Authors: Grzegorczyk Filip , Hejnar Jerzy
Published: December 2014

Employing an appropriate method of choosing an auditor together with his competence (both knowledge and ethical conduct) constitute conditio sine qua non of the efficient performance of financial audits. It should be noted that an auditor’s performance can be optimised only if he finds appropriate counterparts at the entity he is to audit. Apart from management board members, particular attention should be paid to the supervisory board members. Strengthening the position of the supervisory bodies in financial reporting and audit-related issues is becoming a more and more visible trend in current legislation (e.g. article 4a of the law on accountancy). The first purpose of this paper is to find a substantive criterion by which to determine whether an auditor has an appropriate counterpart within the entity he is auditing (this is the independence of the supervisory board members). The second purpose is to check how common it is for supervisory board members to actually be independent (examples of two groups of companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange are analysed).
Ekonomiczno-społeczne uwarunkowania efektywności procesów dostosowania struktur samorządowych do zasięgu obszarów funkcjonalnych na przykładzie Krakowa początków XX wieku
Authors: Hołuj Dominika
Published: December 2014

This paper analyses the conditions for municipal self-government structures adjusting to the requirements of the growing urbanised area around Cracow in the early twentieth century. In the survey of historical sources, the determinants of the success of this process were sought. The then and current situations of local governments comprising the metropolitan area were also compared, with clear similarities and certain differences becoming evident. The differences arose from: the greater prosperity of neighbouring communities, a higher level of local identity, and the spectacular success of local governments such as investment policy or attracting strategic investors. All this suggests that future adjustment processes will be extremely difficult to implement in a form that will ensure their effectiveness.
„My jesteśmy monitoringiem”. Charakterystyka relacji społecznych w osiedlach grodzonych w świetle metody interpretacji dokumentarnej
Authors: Słaboń Andrzej
Published: December 2014

The article presents the main principles method of documentary interpretation. From this theoretical perspective the social relationships at gated communities in Cracow are analysed. Interviews were conducted with security personnel about the living conditions at gated communities, the relationships between inhabitants, and their own working conditions.
Ekonomiczno-prawna konstrukcja małżeństwa i rozwodu
Authors: Frańczuk Magdalena
Published: December 2014

This paper focuses on the effects of both economic and legal aspects of marriage and divorce. I seek to verify the thesis that a marriage is a kind of legal and economic entity, similar in construction to a company regulated by civil law. To test the thesis, I examine the economic and legal implications of ending a marriage by divorce. The institution of marriage is likened to the civil law regulations of companies while also possessing a number of economic aspects.
O murmurante evocador do passado: A Montanha Mágica e o romance de formação após a Primeira Guerra Mundial
Authors: Pereira Caldas Pedro Spinola
Published: December 2014

Este artigo busca compreender como A montanha mágica (1924), romance de Thomas Mann (1875-1955), é uma elaboração diante do desafio imposto pela Primeira Guerra Mundial à literatura, mais precisamente como seria possível, com a crise inaugurada com o conflito, escrever um romance de formação. A literatura especializada já discute há algum tempo sobre a caracterização e definição de A montanha mágica como romance de formação, e, frequentemente, quando se decide pela identificação do romance com este gênero específico de romance, a obra de Mann é classificada como paródia. Meu objetivo consiste em mostrar como a paródia é somente uma das compreensões de tempo presentes no romance. Tentarei, portanto, mostrar como, além de uma relação paródica com o passado, podemos perceber, sobretudo com o auxílio do estudo de cartas, diárias e ensaios de Thomas Mann produzidos entre 1914 e 1924, como o passado pode ser superado, mas, sobretudo, angustiado. Assim, procura-se, neste estudo, compreender, a partir de A montanha mágica, a angústia como uma forma pela qual o passado escapa de ser superado ou manipulado pela paródia. Ele também pode surpreender e nos afetar, suspendendo tentativas de controle e uso.
Modos ficcionais e historicidade: Charles Dickens, Franz Kafka, Raymond Carver
Authors: Franco Gustavo Naves
Published: December 2014

O artigo propõe uma leitura comparativa das obras de Charles Dickens (1812-1870), Franz Kafka (1883-1924) e Raymond Carver (1938-1988), com base na “Teoria dos Modos” de Northrop Frye. Neste percurso, os diferentes usos do modo cômico e do modo trágico são analisados como signos de historicidade que acompanham transformações culturais verificadas entre os séculos XIX e XX no ocidente. Observa-se, então, que os contrapontos modais recorrentes em cada autor criam uma dinâmica de identidades e diferenças entre suas narrativas, bem como entre os textos e as circunstâncias contextuais em que emergem. E, por fim, é indicada uma possibilidade de mobilização desses recursos analíticos para o entendimento de aspectos da relação entre literatura e sociedade no período pós-1945, quando a proeminência do modo trágico confere relevância distintiva às manifestações pontuais do cômico na ficção.
Nome próprio e descrição do social: poética da nomeação em Balzac
Authors: Campos Raquel
Published: December 2014

Uma figura sintetiza a dimensão do projeto literário balzaquiano: “fazer concorrência ao registro civil”. Ela expressa a medida da inédita ambição realista de que Balzac dotou o gênero do romance, ao conferir-lhe o poder de descrever o social. Ela também indica o lugar central que o nome próprio tomou em A comédia humana como história da França no século XIX. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a poética da nomeação em Balzac, examinando as funções do nome próprio em sua obra e o modo como ele nomeou suas personagens. Minha hipótese é a de que o romancista constitui um capítulo fundamental da história da onomástica literária: com ele, o nome próprio tornou-se uma questão capital do romance e a motivação impôs-se como um verdadeiro topos literário.
“O historiador das consciências delicadas”: ficção, realidade e ética na obra de Henry James
Authors: Da Silva Mello Luiza Larangeira
Published: December 2014

Este artigo investiga o modo pelo qual o escritor anglo-americano Henry James (1843-1916) articula, em sua obra de crítica literária e ficção, as dimensões epistemológica, ética e cultural dos processos relativos ao conhecimento e representação literária da realidade. Para tanto, analisa-se a historicidade de certos aspectos formais e temáticos de seus textos, que sugerem o caráter fragmentário e instável da experiência cognitiva do real e das escolhas éticas que tomam esse conhecimento como esteio. Reconhecendo semelhanças entre esses aspectos da obra de James e aqueles da obra de outros autores modernistas, que subverteram certos princípios da representação do romance realista do século XIX, busca-se compreender as especificidades da crítica do autor americano ao realismo oitocentista, isto é, a maneira singular pela qual essa crítica está relacionada à sua interpretação da tradição intelectual norte-americana.
Optimal Cut Points for Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (QLQ-C30) Scales: Utility for Clinical Trials and Updates of Prognostic Systems in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Diouf Momar , Bonnetain Franck , Barbare Jean-Claude , Bouché Olivier , Dahan Laetitia , Paoletti Xavier , Filleron Thomas
Published: December 2014

Background.

Health-related quality of life (QoL) has been validated as a prognostic factor for cancer patients; however, to be used in routine practice, QoL scores must be dichotomized. Cutoff points are usually based on arbitrary percentile values. We aimed to identify optimal cutoff points for six QoL scales and to quantify their added utility in the performance of four prognostic classifications in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods.

We reanalyzed data of 271 patients with advanced HCC recruited between July 2002 and October 2003 from 79 institutions in France in the CHOC trial, designed to assess the efficacy of long-acting octreotide. QoL was assessed with the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (QLQ-C30). The scores ranged from 0 to 100. Identification of optimal cutoff points was based on the method of Faraggi and Simon [Stat Med 1996;15:2203–2213]. Improvement in the performance of prognostic classifications was studied with Harrell's C-index, the net reclassification improvement (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI).

Results.

We found that optimal cutoff points were 50 for global health, 58.33 for physical functioning, 66.67 for role functioning, 66.67 for fatigue, 0 for dyspnea, and 33.33 for diarrhea. The addition of QoL and clinical factors improved the performance of all four prognostic classifications, with improvement in the range of 0.02–0.09 for the C-index, 0.24–0.78 for 3-month NRI, and 0.02–0.10 for IDI.

Conclusion.

These cutoff values for QoL scales can be useful to identify HCC patients with very poor prognosis and thus improve design of clinical trials and treatment adjustment for these patients.
Central Nervous System Metastasis From Breast Cancer
Authors: Bates Susan E.
Published: December 2014

The development of new treatment options for central nervous system metastases from breast cancer and from other solid tumors lags far behind progress in other areas of oncology. Despite this lag, a series of paradigm shifts have made it possible to renew our efforts to make progress.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A165b Is Protective and Restores Endothelial Glycocalyx in Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Oltean Sebastian , Qiu Yan , Ferguson Joanne K. , Stevens Megan , Neal Chris , Russell Amy , Kaura Amit , Arkill Kenton P. , Harris Kirstie , Symonds Clare , Lacey Katja , Wijeyaratne Lihini , Gammons Melissa , Wylie Emma , Hulse Richard P. , Alsop Chloe , Cope George , Damodaran Gopinath , Betteridge Kai B. , Ramnath Raina , Satchell Simon C. , Foster Rebecca R. , Ballmer-Hofer Kurt , Donaldson Lucy F. , Barratt Jonathan , Baelde Hans J. , Harper Steven J. , Bates David O. , Salmon Andrew H.J.
Published: December 2014

Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of ESRD in high-income countries and a growing problem across the world. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is thought to be a critical mediator of vascular dysfunction in diabetic nephropathy, yet VEGF-A knockout and overexpression of angiogenic VEGF-A isoforms each worsen diabetic nephropathy. We examined the vasculoprotective effects of the VEGF-A isoform VEGF-A165b in diabetic nephropathy. Renal expression of VEGF-A165b mRNA was upregulated in diabetic individuals with well preserved kidney function, but not in those with progressive disease. Reproducing this VEGF-A165b upregulation in mouse podocytes in vivo prevented functional and histologic abnormalities in diabetic nephropathy. Biweekly systemic injections of recombinant human VEGF-A165b reduced features of diabetic nephropathy when initiated during early or advanced nephropathy in a model of type 1 diabetes and when initiated during early nephropathy in a model of type 2 diabetes. VEGF-A165b normalized glomerular permeability through phosphorylation of VEGF receptor 2 in glomerular endothelial cells, and reversed diabetes-induced damage to the glomerular endothelial glycocalyx. VEGF-A165b also improved the permeability function of isolated diabetic human glomeruli. These results show that VEGF-A165b acts via the endothelium to protect blood vessels and ameliorate diabetic nephropathy.
The Effect of WNK4 on the Na+–Cl− Cotransporter Is Modulated by Intracellular Chloride
Authors: Bazúa-Valenti Silvana , Chávez-Canales María , Rojas-Vega Lorena , González-Rodríguez Xochiquetzal , Vázquez Norma , Rodríguez-Gama Alejandro , Argaiz Eduardo R. , Melo Zesergio , Plata Consuelo , Ellison David H. , García-Valdés Jesús , Hadchouel Juliette , Gamba Gerardo
Published: December 2014

It is widely recognized that the phenotype of familial hyperkalemic hypertension is mainly a consequence of increased activity of the renal Na+–Cl− cotransporter (NCC) because of altered regulation by with no–lysine–kinase 1 (WNK1) or WNK4. The effect of WNK4 on NCC, however, has been controversial because both inhibition and activation have been reported. It has been recently shown that the long isoform of WNK1 (L-WNK1) is a chloride-sensitive kinase activated by a low Cl- concentration. Therefore, we hypothesized that WNK4 effects on NCC could be modulated by intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl-]i), and we tested this hypothesis in oocytes injected with NCC cRNA with or without WNK4 cRNA. At baseline in oocytes, [Cl-]i was near 50 mM, autophosphorylation of WNK4 was undetectable, and NCC activity was either decreased or unaffected by WNK4. A reduction of [Cl-]i, either by low chloride hypotonic stress or coinjection of oocytes with the solute carrier family 26 (anion exchanger)-member 9 (SLC26A9) cRNA, promoted WNK4 autophosphorylation and increased NCC-dependent Na+ transport in a WNK4-dependent manner. Substitution of the leucine with phenylalanine at residue 322 of WNK4, homologous to the chloride-binding pocket in L-WNK1, converted WNK4 into a constitutively autophosphorylated kinase that activated NCC, even without chloride depletion. Elimination of the catalytic activity (D321A or D321K-K186D) or the autophosphorylation site (S335A) in mutant WNK4-L322F abrogated the positive effect on NCC. These observations suggest that WNK4 can exert differential effects on NCC, depending on the intracellular chloride concentration.
Comparison of lithium and sodium intercalation materials
Authors: Vujkovic Milica
Published: December 2014

Low abundance of lithium in Earth?s crust and its high participation in
overall cost of lithium-ion batteries incited intensive investigation of
sodium-ion batteries, in hope that they may become similar in basic
characteristics: specific energy and specific power. Furthermore, over the
last years the research has been focused on the replacement of organic
electrolytes of Li- and Na-ion batteries, by aqueous electrolytes, in order
to simplify the production and improve safety of use. In this lecture, some
recent results on the selected intercalation materials are presented: layered
structure vanadium oxides, olivine and nasicon phosphates, potentially usable
in both Li and Na aqueous rechargeable batteries. After their
characterization by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy, the
electrochemical behavior was studied by both cyclic voltammetry and
hronopotenciometry. By comparing intercalation kinetics and coulombic
capacity of these materials in LiNO3 and NaNO3 solutions, it was shown that
the following ones: Na1.2V3O8, Na2V6O16/C , NaFePO4/C and NaTi2(PO4)3/C may
be used as electrode materials in aqueous alkali-ion batteries.
Photometry and shape modeling of Mars crosser asteroid (1011) Laodamia
Authors: Apostolovska G. , Donchev Z. , Kostov A. , Ivanova V. , Borisov G. , Bilkina B.
Published: December 2014

An analysis of photometric observations of Mars crosser asteroid 1011
Laodamia conducted at Bulgarian National Astronomical Observatory Rozhen over
a twelve year interval (2002, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2011, 2012 and
2013) is made. Based on the obtained lightcurves the spin vector, sense of
rotation, and preliminary shape model of (1011) Laodamia have been determined
using the lightcurve inversion method. The aim of this investigation is to
increase the set of asteroids with known spin and shape parameters and to
contribute in improving the model in combination with other techniques and
sparse data produced by photometric asteroid surveys such as Pan-STARRS or
GAIA.
Universal symbolic expression for radial distance of conic motion
Authors: Sharaf M.A. , Saad A.S. , Alshaery A.A.
Published: December 2014

In the present paper, a universal symbolic expression for radial distance of
conic motion in recursive power series form is developed. The importance of
this analytical power series representation is that it is invariant under
many operations because the result of addition, multiplication,
exponentiation, integration, differentiation, etc. of a power series is also
a power series. This is the fact that provides excellent flexibility in
dealing with analytical, as well as computational developments of problems
related to radial distance. For computational developments, a full recursive
algorithm is developed for the series coefficients. An efficient method using
the continued fraction theory is provided for series evolution, and two
devices are proposed to secure the convergence when the time interval (t ?
t0) is large. In addition, the algorithm does not need the solution of
Kepler?s equation and its variants for parabolic and hyperbolic orbits.
Numerical applications of the algorithm are given for three orbits of
different eccentricities; the results showed that it is accurate for any
conic motion.
Solubility and porosity of new nanostructured calcium silicate cement
Authors: Stanic Tatjana , Pavlovic Violeta , Jokanovic Vukoman , Zivkovic-Sandic Marija , Zivkovic Slavoljub
Published: December 2014

Introduction. Calcium silicate cements are most commonly used materials in
endodontics for many indications due to their exceptional biological and
physical properties. The aim of this study was to assess solubility and
porosity of new experimental nanostructured calcium silicate cement. Material
and Methods. A novel nanostructured calcium silicate cement (CS),
commercialized calcium silicate cement (Biodentin), traditional glass ionomer
cement (GIC) (Micron Superior) and resin-reinforced glass ionomer cement
(Fuji VIII) were used in this study. All materials were prepared as per
manufactuers? instructions, placed in metal rings of 16?2 mm diameter and
kept in an incubator at 37?C for 24 hours. After that they were weighed and
put in plastic containers filled with 25 ml of water for additional 24 hours.
Then after all samples were weighed again and resorption and solubility were
calculated. Results. The highest solubility was found for new CS cement
(12.45) followed by conventional GIC Micron Superior (11.5) and Biodentin
(6.1) whereas the lowest solubility was for resin reinforced GIC Fuji VIII
(3.8). These differences were statistically significant (p<0.005). The
highest absorption was also observed in new CS cement (24.15), followed by
Biodentin (18.5) and Micron superior (17.95) while the lowest was for GIC
Fuji VIII (7.75). These differences were also statistically significant
except between Micron Superior and Biodentin. Conclusion. Solubility and
porosity of new nanostructured calcium silicate cement were significantly
higher than for traditional calcium silicate cement, traditional GIC and
resin-reinforced GIC.
Signs and symptoms of TMJ disorders in adults after adolescent Herbst therapy: A 6-year and 32-year radiographic and clinical follow-up study
Authors: Pancherz Hans , Salé Hanna , Bjerklin Krister
Published: December 2014

Objective: 

To analyze radiographic signs of temperomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis and clinical TMJ symptoms in patients 6 years and 32 years after treatment with a Herbst appliance.

Materials and Methods: 

Fourteen patients were derived from a sample of 22 with Class II division 1 malocclusions consecutively treated with a banded Herbst appliance at the age of 12–14 years old (T1-T2). The subjects were reexamined after therapy at the ages of 20 years (T3) and 46 years (T4). The TMJs of the 14 patients were analyzed radiographically (conventional lateral tomography at T3 and cone-beam computed tomography at T4) and clinically/anamnestically at T3 and T4.

Results: 

Six years after Herbst therapy, signs of osteoarthritis were seen in one patient. At the 32-year follow-up, two additional patients had developed signs of osteoarthritis. At the 6-year follow-up, TMJ clicking was present in two patients, though none of the patients reported TMJ pain. At the 32-year follow-up, six patients had TMJ clicking and one patient had TMJ pain.

Conclusions: 

This longitudinal very-long-term follow-up study after Herbst therapy revealed only minor problems from the TMJ. The TMJ findings 6 years and 32 years after Herbst treatment corresponded to those in the general population. Thus, in the very long term, the Herbst appliance does not appear to be harmful to the TMJ.
Gender equity in the field of medical physiology in Bangladesh
Authors: Latif Shah Abdul
Published: December 2014

Abstract not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v43i1.21367 Bangladesh Med J. 2014 January; 43 (1): 1-2