bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
School leadership in adverse contexts
Authors: Krauel Filomena Siqueira e Silva , Ramos Mozart Neves
Published: September 2024

Two qualitative methods (semi-structured interviews and field research) were used to analyze the work developed by thirty-one elementary school directors from the municipal school system of Ribeirão Preto in the state of São Paulo. The result of this work reinforces the essential role of these professionals for the proper functioning of schools, while at the same time pointing out challenges that permeate the work developed by them and, not infrequently, inhibit the ability of these leaders to act successfully. These results also draw attention to the importance of developing school leaders with attributions that go far beyond administrative issues. The transformation in the role of principals implies preparing professionals capable of establishing direction for the school, developing the team, configuring a successful organizational culture, managing the educational program and the school's resources, as well as establishing a positive relationship with the external context. It is evident that in order to enable the formation of school leaders in this perspective, it is necessary that the political and technical actors that make up the education networks understand the importance of allocating efforts both to the professional development of principals and to enable adequate working conditions. Based on the evidence on the subject, this paper presents seven recommendations to support public managers in the professional development of school principals, as well as a checklist with questions to support analyses about the conditions in which they operate.
Cannabis sativa: Benefits and difficulties of using it for medicinal purposes
Authors: da Silva Beatriz de Carvalho Farias Lima , Scaldaferri Murilo Marques
Published: September 2024

Cannabis sativa was used for religious, economic, recreational, and therapeutic purposes. In Brazil, the plant is correlated with the country's history since 1500 with the arrival of the first Portuguese caravels, and with African slaves. However, in 1924, in Geneva there was the II International Opium Conference, which disapproved of the use of Cannabis. Scholars believed that it was possible that delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol were an alternative for the treatment of various diseases, with cannabidiol as the main non-psychotropic compound, which acts chemically on mental activity. In view of this, this research brings a major problem, which is: What are the challenges faced by the population that needs the use of cannabidiol for medicinal purposes? One of the questions that the survey cites is the issue of obtaining Cannabis sativa, where a large part with 75% acquired its herb and/or its medicine legally, through ANVISA authorization and medical consultation. However, another 12.5% of the participants acquired it illegally. It is possible to observe that most patients improved, with 93.8% of them noting that anxiety (31.3%) and depression (25.0%) are the diseases that are most treated through the herb by the participants, followed by migraine, Parkinson's disease, headache, chronic pain, skin lesions, fibromyalgia, epilepsy and quality of life. In the report of improvement, a decrease in pain, insomnia, anxiety, depression, as well as muscle recovery, improvement in focus concentration, increased disposition and energy, that is, medical cannabis brought quality of life to the participants. In conclusion, the present work brought blurring of authors and laws, as well as of the comorbidities themselves who make medicinal use of Cannabis sativa. Emphasizing the historical facts, benefits of the plant for the treatment and improvement of comorbidities, the advances through state laws that have been happening in Brazil on medical cannabis, in addition to the harm that patients face during this journey, such as preconception and high cost.
Use of modeling and simulation: Tools necessary for the formation of a virtual library for practical disciplines in higher education
Authors: Rio Daniel Guzmán del , Cisneros Edry Antonio Garcia , Pimenta Junior Edward Pinto , Cabrera Daniel Guzman , Ruano Joycet Ramirez , Muniz Sobrinho Angilberto
Published: September 2024

The use of modeling and simulation tools in current education systems has become fundamental pieces in student learning, increasing the possibility of acquiring knowledge and practical skills. In the present work, the authors present the didactic proposal for the development of a virtual library using Matlab® tools to be used in activities of practical disciplines in higher education, which can be extended to other types of education, such as technological. The discipline of Control Systems in the Electrical Engineering course is taken as an example for the development, dividing the methodological procedure for its realization into stages. In these stages, the purpose of offering students specific and ready-made virtual resources are designed that can also be used in other disciplines, with wide iterativeness, which undoubtedly improves the acquisition of knowledge and improves learning. The modular organization of the library, with the creation of specific subsystems in blocks, allows for a personalized approach that is adaptable to the individual knowledge needs of students. This tool can be part of an active teaching methodology.
Administrative Headquarters of the Forestry Foundation: A study of the design process, construction technique, structure and environment
Authors: Meirelles Célia Regina Moretti , Camargo Helena Dias de Oliveira , Moraes Vivian Cardoso
Published: September 2024

Studies with an environmental context are of great importance, such as the analysis of the Administrative Headquarters of the Forestry Foundation with the intention of the architects to contribute to the sustainability and regeneration of the surrounding areas, especially with the use of wood and the incorporation of CO₂. This is carried out during the growth of trees as it is a renewable material. The objective of the work is to study the design and construction process of this work. As a methodology is the case study and the form of analysis of the design process, construction, and structure through graphic analysis.
Strategic Sociopolitical Narratives in Media: State Responses to Crisis Communication
Authors: Kyrychok Andrii , Pereguda Yuliia
Published: September 2024

This work analyzes the sociopolitical discourses in Viber and Telegram groups during the crisis communication following the Russian invasion of Ukraine. From February 24 to October 31, 2022, we conducted a thematic analysis of speeches, interviews, and posts from three major channels on these platforms. This study uses an exploratory and descriptive research design, focusing on discourse features like syntax, rhetorical devices, topics, emotional tone, analytical thinking, clout, and authenticity. Data was collected from President Volodymyr Zelenskyy’s official channel, UNIAN, and KMSA, chosen for their high credibility and engagement. Using the KWIC method and the Text Analyzer Online App, we identified primary themes including war consequences, international financial support, and reactions to Russia’s actions. Positive themes centered on 'Battlefield' successes and 'International financial support,' while recent negative themes such as 'Conditions for peace,' 'Post-war Russia,' and 'Russia loses war' highlighted a shift in discourse. Negative reactions dominated narratives about Russia, reflecting widespread opposition, whereas narratives about Ukraine's armed forces and international support received positive reactions. This analysis highlights the importance of media narratives in shaping public perception and state responses during conflicts, offering valuable insights for improving crisis communication strategies.
A conceptual model for standardizing tax procedures in Nigeria’s public and private sectors
Authors: Ifeanyi Chukwunonso Okeke  , Edith Ebele Agu  , Onyinye Gift Ejike  , Chikezie Paul-Mikki Ewim  , Mobolaji Olalekan Komolafe
Published: September 2024

Tax administration in Nigeria faces significant inefficiencies due to inconsistencies in procedures between the public and private sectors. These discrepancies result in revenue losses, compliance challenges, and unequal treatment of taxpayers. This paper proposes a conceptual model for standardizing tax procedures across both sectors to address these issues. The model advocates for harmonized tax guidelines, streamlined filing processes, and improved digital tax administration systems to ensure uniformity, transparency, and efficiency. The standardization model consists of three primary components: regulatory alignment, process automation, and taxpayer education. Regulatory alignment focuses on developing unified tax laws and policies that apply equally to the public and private sectors, minimizing loopholes and contradictions. Process automation emphasizes the implementation of digital systems to simplify tax filing, reduce human error, and increase accessibility for taxpayers. These systems promote transparency and make tax compliance more efficient for both tax authorities and taxpayers. Taxpayer education, the third component, is crucial for ensuring that all stakeholders understand their obligations under the standardized tax system, which enhances voluntary compliance. By adopting this conceptual model, Nigeria can achieve a more efficient and equitable tax system. Standardized procedures across sectors will help to eliminate the disparities that currently exist, ensuring fair and consistent treatment of all taxpayers. Additionally, automation of tax processes will reduce administrative burdens, lower the risk of tax evasion, and increase revenue collection for the government. Improved taxpayer education will further foster a culture of compliance and reduce the need for enforcement actions. This model serves as a strategic framework for tax reforms in Nigeria, offering a sustainable solution for streamlining tax administration. With proper implementation, the model has the potential to significantly enhance the efficiency, transparency, and fairness of Nigeria’s tax system, benefiting both the government and taxpayers.
A model for wealth management through standardized financial advisory practices in Nigeria
Authors: Ifeanyi Chukwunonso Okeke  , Edith Ebele Agu  , Onyinye Gift Ejike  , Chikezie Paul-Mikki Ewim  , Mobolaji Olalekan Komolafe
Published: September 2024

This paper proposes a model for wealth management through standardized financial advisory practices in Nigeria, aimed at improving financial literacy, investment decisions, and long-term wealth creation. In the context of Nigeria’s evolving financial sector, the need for a standardized approach to financial advisory services has become essential to bridge gaps in wealth management and improve the financial well-being of individuals and institutions. The model focuses on establishing a framework that standardizes financial advisory services, ensuring consistency, transparency, and accountability across the financial services industry. Key components include developing regulatory guidelines for financial advisors, implementing standardized tools for risk assessment and portfolio management, and promoting adherence to ethical practices. This framework also emphasizes the importance of financial literacy as a foundational element in wealth management. By improving public knowledge on investment options, risk tolerance, and long-term financial planning, individuals can make more informed decisions, reducing exposure to fraudulent schemes and unregulated advisors. Additionally, the model proposes the development of a national certification program for financial advisors to ensure high standards of practice. Another aspect of the model involves leveraging technology to provide personalized financial solutions. Digital platforms, powered by artificial intelligence, will offer customized investment strategies tailored to individual financial goals and risk profiles. These platforms will also improve accessibility to advisory services, especially for underserved populations. The expected outcomes of this model include a more resilient financial services industry, increased consumer trust in financial advisory services, and broader participation in investment activities. In the long term, standardized financial advisory practices will lead to better wealth distribution and economic growth in Nigeria. In conclusion, the proposed model for wealth management through standardized financial advisory practices provides a comprehensive solution to enhance financial decision-making and wealth creation in Nigeria, fostering sustainable economic development.
A theoretical framework for standardized financial advisory services in pension management in Nigeria
Authors: Ifeanyi Chukwunonso Okeke  , Edith Ebele Agu  , Onyinye Gift Ejike  , Chikezie Paul-Mikki Ewim  , Mobolaji Olalekan Komolafe
Published: September 2024

Nigeria’s pension management sector is undergoing significant reforms aimed at improving the efficiency and reliability of pension services. Despite these efforts, inconsistencies and gaps in financial advisory services remain a challenge, impacting the effectiveness of pension management. This paper presents a theoretical framework for standardizing financial advisory services specifically within Nigeria's pension sector. The framework aims to address critical issues by proposing a structured approach to enhance service quality, ensure compliance with regulatory standards, and improve client outcomes. The framework encompasses several core components: a regulatory framework for oversight, certification and training requirements for advisors, and standardized advisory practices. The regulatory framework advocates for the establishment of a central regulatory body to enforce compliance, develop comprehensive guidelines, and oversee the implementation of best practices. It emphasizes the need for a robust certification process and continuous professional development for financial advisors to ensure high standards of service. Certification and training are integral to the framework, focusing on establishing uniform qualifications and training programs for advisors, as well as implementing continuous education requirements. Standardized advisory practices are designed to ensure consistency in financial planning, risk assessment, and reporting procedures, which are crucial for effective pension management. The framework also highlights the role of technology in enhancing service delivery, including digital tools for better client management and data analytics for improved compliance monitoring. By integrating these elements, the proposed model aims to enhance transparency, reduce errors, and foster greater trust among pension scheme members. The expected outcomes include improved quality and consistency in financial advisory services, greater adherence to regulatory standards, and enhanced client satisfaction and protection. This theoretical framework provides a foundation for policy development and implementation strategies, with the goal of creating a more reliable and effective pension management system in Nigeria.
A technological model for standardizing digital financial services in Nigeria
Authors: Ifeanyi Chukwunonso Okeke  , Edith Ebele Agu  , Onyinye Gift Ejike  , Chikezie Paul-Mikki Ewim  , Mobolaji Olalekan Komolafe
Published: September 2024

The rapid growth of digital financial services in Nigeria has exposed the need for a standardized regulatory model to ensure consistency, security, and consumer trust across the sector. This paper proposes a technological model for standardizing digital financial services, aimed at bridging the gaps in regulatory oversight and enhancing service delivery. The model focuses on three core components: the harmonization of regulatory frameworks, the implementation of digital tools for real-time monitoring, and the adoption of secure, scalable technologies such as blockchain and artificial intelligence (AI) for enhanced service traceability, transparency, and automation. By aligning Nigeria’s digital financial services with international best practices and customizing them to local market conditions, the model seeks to mitigate issues such as fraud, data privacy breaches, and uneven access to services, particularly among underserved populations. Furthermore, the model emphasizes the importance of collaboration between financial institutions, fintech companies, government agencies, and regulatory bodies to foster innovation and compliance. A phased implementation strategy is recommended, with initial efforts focused on the integration of digital platforms, the development of training programs for financial literacy, and the creation of awareness campaigns to promote consumer understanding of standardized services. The long-term benefits of this model include improved financial inclusion, enhanced consumer protection, and increased investor confidence in Nigeria’s digital financial ecosystem. In conclusion, the proposed technological model presents a comprehensive approach to addressing the challenges and opportunities within Nigeria’s rapidly evolving digital financial services sector. Its successful implementation will contribute to a more resilient, inclusive, and secure financial landscape that supports the country’s broader economic development goals.
A compliance and audit model for tackling tax evasion in Nigeria
Authors: Ifeanyi Chukwunonso Okeke  , Edith Ebele Agu  , Onyinye Gift Ejike  , Chikezie Paul-Mikki Ewim  , Mobolaji Olalekan Komolafe
Published: September 2024

Tax evasion remains a significant challenge for Nigeria, undermining economic stability and reducing public revenue. This paper proposes a comprehensive compliance and audit model designed to address tax evasion in Nigeria. The model integrates enhanced compliance strategies, advanced audit procedures, and the strategic use of technology to create a robust framework for tackling tax evasion. The proposed model emphasizes proactive measures to improve taxpayer compliance through targeted education and outreach programs, streamlined reporting processes, and incentivization. On the audit front, it advocates for the adoption of sophisticated audit techniques and technologies, including data analytics and automated systems, to detect and address evasion more effectively. The implementation framework outlines a phased approach involving key stakeholders such as the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS), local tax authorities, and the private sector. By examining domestic and international case studies, the paper highlights successful practices and potential challenges, providing actionable insights for adapting these strategies to the Nigerian context. Evaluation metrics are proposed to assess the model’s effectiveness, with expected outcomes including improved tax revenue, enhanced compliance rates, and strengthened public trust in the tax system. The study concludes with recommendations for further research and policy adjustments to refine and expand the model's application. This approach aims to not only mitigate tax evasion but also contribute to a more transparent and equitable tax system in Nigeria.
Potassium Solubilizing Bacteria Having Antagonistic Effect on Plant Pathogenic Fungi and Inducing Effective Brinjal Seed Germination
Authors: Parmar Kruti , Gamit Darshana , Mehta Bhavin
Published: September 2024

The aim of this research was to identify potassium-solubilizing bacteria (KSB) and evaluate their ability to release available potassium (K) from the soil for enhanced plant uptake. After assessing various strains for plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits and potassium-solubilizing effectiveness, five significant strains were selected. Using the BIOLOG system for further identification, it was determined that two of the most effective strains belong to the genus Bacillus. In laboratory conditions, potassium solubilization ranged from 1.89 to 46.52 μg/ml. The most effective strain, Bacillus licheniformis, achieved a potassium solubilization of 46.52 μg/ml, while Bacillus subtilis followed with 40.58 μg/ml. These KSB strains also demonstrated phosphate solubilization, IAA production, and potential for biocontrol against plant pathogenic fungi. In an In vitro experiment with brinjal seeds, three highly efficient KSB isolates (KSB-1, KSB-3, and KSB-20) with strong phosphate solubilizing and antagonistic abilities were tested. Bacillus licheniformis (KSB-1) showed the highest potassium solubilization, increased potassium content in plants, and improved growth parameters, with Bacillus subtilis (KSB-3) showing significant, though slightly lower, effects.
PEMETAAN ZONA RAWAN BENCANA BANJIR BERBASIS PARTISIPATIF DI KECAMATAN GONDANGLEGI KABUPATEN MALANG
Authors: Ferdiannanda Alfitka Septa , Putra Dwi Fauzia , Kurniawati Dwi
Published: September 2024

The Gondanglegi Subdistrict is one of the areas prone to flooding due to high-intensity rainfall and a predominantly low-lying topography. One effort in flood disaster mitigation is through the implementation of participatory mapping involving active participation from various stakeholders, including local communities, local governments, and non-governmental organizations. The objectives of this research are to conduct participatory mapping regarding the vulnerability level of flood disasters in the Gondanglegi Subdistrict of Malang Regency, to understand the role of participatory mapping in flood disaster mitigation planning in the Gondanglegi Subdistrict of Malang Regency, and to identify the factors causing floods in the Gondanglegi Subdistrict of Malang Regency. This research adopts the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) approach as the main method. The results of this research indicate four levels of flood disaster vulnerability in the Gondanglegi Subdistrict, namely not vulnerable, moderately vulnerable, vulnerable, and highly vulnerable. Participatory mapping provides significant benefits to the community in terms of understanding and mitigating floods. Floods are caused by natural factors such as rainfall and topography, as well as non-natural factors such as inadequate water channels and indiscriminate waste disposal by the community.
Capacity Building with Volunteers: Divers and Boaters Collect Data on Southern California Bight
Authors:   Catalina Marine Society, Gelpi Craig , Kushner David , Solomon Andrew , Eckley Sean
Published: September 2024

“The science we need for the ocean we want” (IOC, 2020) may be more science than we can afford unless we devise additional cost-​effective ways to produce it. Much of the science we need may require local knowledge and skills that are difficult to generate at scale. Global problems, such as ocean acidification, may be lessened by using site-specific solutions that require knowledge of local oceanography. Similarly, implementing solutions to local problems, such as pollution and fisheries sustainability, will require local knowledge and skills that cannot immediately be drawn from global capacity. Supplying the know-how for inexpensive staff and scientific gear to achieve these solutions may be part of capacity building and sharing in the UN Ocean Decade.
Estrategia basada en actividades metalingüística y redacción de textos expositivos en estudiantes de la Institución Educativa Pedro Nolasco, 2019
Authors: Chirinos Vásquez Eliseo
Published: September 2024

El propósito de la investigación fue determinar la efectividad   de la aplicación de una estrategia basada en actividades metalingüísticas para mejorar la redacción de textos expositivos de los estudiantes de primer grado de educación secundaria de la IEP Pedro Nolasco – Nuevo Chimbote, 2019. Para ello se realizó una investigación aplicada, con un enfoque cuantitativo y de diseño cuasiexperimental. La población estuvo conformada por 92 estudiantes y la muestra por 22, seleccionados intencionalmente, para el grupo experimental y 22 para el grupo control.  La técnica utilizada fue la encuesta y el instrumento un baremo analítico. Del análisis estadístico de los datos obtenidos se obtuvo que existe una influencia significativa de la estrategia basada en actividades metalingüísticas en la redacción de textos expositivos (r=0.000, p=0.05), según la T- Student, lo que permite rechazar la hipótesis nula y aceptar la hipótesis de investigación.
Análisis doctrinario y jurídico del proceso de contratación emergente en el Ministerio de Salud Pública durante la Pandemia COVID-2019
Authors: Peláez Rojas Ana Lucía
Published: September 2024

Enfocándonos en las medidas tomadas debido a la crisis sanitaria por COVID-19, encontramos que las compras públicas se realizaron sin planificación, de manera imprevista debido al carácter emergente de la situación, lo que provocó escenarios para conductas desleales y actos de corrupción en algunas instituciones públicas, en las que Contraloría ha intervenido para investigar acerca de sucesos que ocurrieron durante los procesos de compras públicas realizadas durante la crisis sanitaria. La crisis de emergencia sanitaria permitió percibir una serie de fallas en el marco normativo; debo destacar que no existía una planificación adecuada, las acciones fueron en su mayoría imprevistas, lo que dificultó el control y seguimiento oportuno, limitándose la capacidad y la eficacia del respaldo normativo en esta etapa de emergencia. Se flexibilizaron las leyes de contratación pública para la contratación de bienes y servicios en esta crisis, se aprobaron poderes extraordinarios en el estado de emergencia para los procesos de contratación por adjudicación directa, las autoridades competentes tenían la facultad de acelerar y acortar los procesos de contratación. Los principales cuerpos normativos que definen y regulan los procesos de contratación pública, son la Ley Orgánica del Sistema Nacional de Contratación Pública o LOSNCP y su reglamento. La presente investigación se enfoca en realizar un análisis sobre los procesos de contrataciones emergentes durante la crisis sanitaria COVID-19, del Ministerio de Salud Pública del Ecuador, para ello se ha tomado un contrato realizado por este ministerio para poder visualizar las falencias que se dieron en el proceso de contratación emergente.
Nivel conocimientos sobre la técnica de autoexploración de mama en estudiantes universitarios hombres
Authors: De la Torre Macías Andrés , Ortega Jiménez Mayra Del Carmen , Ortega Jiménez Marcela
Published: September 2024

El Cáncer de Mama (CaMa) es una enfermedad que comúnmente se asocia con mujeres, sin embargo, también afecta al hombre, pero con menor frecuencia. Presenta una baja incidencia, lo que dificulta su diagnóstico oportuno. La falta de conocimientos sobre el tema aumenta el riesgo que conlleva esta enfermedad. El ámbito universitario es un lugar idóneo para conocer el nivel de conocimientos sobre la autoexploración de mamas (AEM) en CaMa en hombres en edades tempranas. Con el objetivo de describir el nivel de conocimientos sobre la técnica de AEM en estudiantes universitarios hombres. Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo; no experimental, transversal. Una muestra de 196 sujetos del área de la salud incorporada a una Universidad pública de Guanajuato, México. La edad media de 20.73 +/- 2.43, en su mayoría solteros (94.9%) y un 74.5% solamente estudian, el 36.2% no profesan una religión, 24% fuman tabaco, 54.6% consumen alcohol cotidianamente, el 28.6% de la población tiene algún grado de obesidad o sobrepeso y el 35.2% mantiene una vida sedentaria. y el 67.3% no se realiza AEM. Dentro de la evaluación del nivel de conocimientos en la técnica AEM, se identifica que el 46.4% se encuentran en nivel de conocimientos malos, 34.2% en medios y el 19.4% en buenos. Se puede concluir que los estudiantes hombres del de 4 programas del área de la salud estudiados deben fortalecer los conocimientos sobre la AEM, para ayudar a la prevención temprana del CaMa.
Clima organizacional: un análisis desde la perspectiva de los docentes
Authors: Cadillo Leiva Gianira Suleima , Saavedra Jaramillo Milagritos Josefina
Published: September 2024

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación que existe entre el clima organizacional y el desempeño docente en una institución educativa pública del distrito de Llata, durante el año 2022. Para ello, la metodología empleada fue un enfoque cuantitativo con diseño descriptivo correlacional, por lo que se utilizó dos instrumentos (cuestionarios), uno para cada variable, siendo aplicados a 42 docentes participantes del nivel secundaria. Después del procesamiento de datos se obtuvo que existe una relación positiva alta entre el clima organizacional y el desempeño docente de una institución educativa pública de la modalidad básica regular, pues el valor del coeficiente de Spearman fue de 0,645. Esto permitió concluir que, la gestión realizada por los directivos puede repercutir favorable o desfavorablemente en el desempeño de los educadores.
DEVELOPING A MEASUREMENT SCALE TO ASSESS THE PERCEPTION OF CYBERSECURITY AMONG EMPLOYEES IN THE MARITIME INDUSTRY
Authors: Aşan Cihat
Published: September 2024

The emergence of Industry 4.0, within the historical context of industrial revolutions shaped by human needs, signifies a rapid integration of technology into society. Despite societal concerns about technology displacing human labor, cybersecurity is a significant challenge associated with Industry 4.0. This study aims to create a "5-point Likert Scale" to assess the conceptual awareness of cybersecurity among maritime transportation sector employees. The "Cybersecurity Awareness Scale" consists of 43 queries and is subjected to rigorous validity and reliability analyses. Administered to 200 individuals in Istanbul, Türkiye, the scale revealed varying awareness levels, with information technology personnel showing high awareness and others exhibiting comparatively lower awareness, both organizationally and regarding individual security vulnerabilities. This scale contributes significantly to evaluating companies' cybersecurity awareness, aiding them in identifying strengths and weaknesses and implementing necessary measures. Future research can deepen theoretical discussions by utilizing the scale to uncover regional and sectoral differences in cybersecurity awareness. Recommendations include larger sample sizes for subsequent studies, enabling comprehensive comparisons and enriching the literature on this subject.
THE DETERMINANTS OF THE PUBLIC DEBT SUSTAINABILITY: A REVIEW
Authors: Werake
Published: September 2024

Public debt is a widely used macroeconomic concept in the economy. Given the resources required in development, the need to achieve minimum standards of living, and the urgency to alleviate poverty, governments may, at times, run up expenses that exceed their income. When governments face resource constraints, they often resort to borrowing to finance their expenditure plans. Debt sustainability has become a popular topic among countries with the advanced consequences of the recent global economic recession and debt crisis. The objective of this paper was to review existing literature on determinants of public debt sustainability. Public debt sustainability is an important element of overall fiscal development. Its impact also extends to the country's overall economy, including the monetary sector. Therefore, assessing the debt sustainability of a country is very important. Thus, this study examined the key fiscal and macroeconomic variables that affect debt sustainability and identified theoretical approaches. The papers were reviewed using a thematic approach, based on the available past literature related to the theoretical and empirical analysis of public debt sustainability. In this context, a comprehensive search of the literature published in English between 2000 and 2023 was conducted. The paper was reviewed by examining over twenty-seven research studies after the screening process was completed. Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods study reports were also used. Previous literature highlighted that there is a positive relationship between public debt and macroeconomic variables. Therefore, the study determined that public debt sustainability influenced primary balance, economic growth, exchange rate, and real interest rate behavior. Furthermore, improvements in the macro-economic factors to increase revenue and minimize expenditure will also contribute to reducing the debt-to-GDP ratio. The government should try to formulate a strategic plan to develop a mechanism and debt-sustainable policy. Thereby, a country can ensure a sustainable debt level over the medium term.
FINANCIAL INCLUSION: DOES IT PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN A COUNTRY? REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Authors: Damayanthi
Published: September 2024

Financial Inclusion (FI) is a key pillar of financial development and inclusive growth in a country. It plays an immense role and is showing an evolving nature around the world. Most research now investigates this concept mainly due to its supportive nature for a country’s development perspectives. Many countries make investments and pay considerable attention to initiating FI agendas and national FI strategies to improve the level of FI in their countries. Economic empowerment through formal financial sector activities, poverty reduction, lowering income inequality, enhancing savings and investments, and improving productivity are some of the contributory factors of FI. Reviewing nearly 50 past literature, this article attempts to develop new literature regarding the importance of FI for a country. Furthermore, the study examines FI definitions and barriers to FI. The findings of the literature reveal that FI directly supports the achievement of a country's growth objectives. The main contributory factors of FI are employment creation, reducing income inequality and poverty, smoothing the financial sector while maintaining financial system stability, and working with technological developments towards financial activities. However, there are several important bottlenecks such as lack of income, difficult access points due to long distance, barriers to digital finance and payments, and lack of financial knowledge. Affordable financial sector products and services for everyone tend to improve the level of FI. The outcome of the research provides valuable insight for policymakers and responsible authorities to take proactive actions to reach the FI targets by eliminating barriers to FI. In this regard, higher participation of the population towards the formal financial sector in a country is an important element, and actions should be arranged for the gradual transformation of people to achieve this target. The findings of this study further provide avenues for future studies and policy-level decisions, highlighting the fact that FI is an important concept for creating a financially inclusive country.
Encuestas IPS
Authors: Tegethoff Thomas , Santa Flórez Ricardo Alberto , Cabrera Castro BenjamÍn
Published: September 2024

Database
Analisis Rasio Likuiditas, Rasio Solvabilitas, dan Rasio Profitabilitas untuk Menilai Kinerja Keuangan PT Zurich Asuransi Indonesia, Tbk
Authors: Wahyuni Fristy Reviana Putri , Solikah Mar'atus , Faisol Faisol
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kinerja keuangan pada PT Zurich Asuransi Indonesia yang diukur dengan menggunakan Rasio Likuiditas (Current Ratio), Rasio Solvabilitas (Debt to Equity Ratio, Debt to Assets Ratio), dan Rasio Profitabilitas (Return on Assets) berdasarkan data laporan keuangan dan laporan laba rugi pada tahun 2019 sampai dengan tahun 2022. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dengan cara mengumpulkan data laporan keuangan, mengidentifikasi data dan melakukan perhitungan rasio keuangan, menganalisis rasio keuangan, serta menjelaskan dan menarik kesimpulan dari hasil perhitungan rasio keuangan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dan pembahasan, kinerja keuangan pada PT Zurich Asuransi Indonesia, Tbk diukur dengan menggunakan Rasio Likuiditas (Current Ratio) menunjukkan kondisi keuangan yang kurang baik di mana nilai rata-rata persentase Current Ratio (197%) masih di bawah nilai standar industri (200%). Untuk Rasio Solvabilitas (Debt to Assets Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio) dari hasil analisis menunjukkan kondisi keuangan yang kurang baik karena nilai rata-rata persentase Debt to Assets Ratio (51%) dan Debt to Equity Ratio (110%) berada di atas nilai standar industri (35% dan 90%). Serta untuk Rasio Profitabilitas (Return on Assets) menunjukkan kondisi keuangan yang baik di mana nilai rata-rata persentase Return on Assets (43,4%) berada di atas nilai standar industri (30%).
Pengaruh Arus Kas terhadap Return on Asset pada Perusahaan Perbankan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2019-2022
Authors: Halawa Dewiman , Jusmarni Jusmarni , Ramadhani Suci
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah arus kas baik secara parsial maupun simultan berpengaruh terhadap efisiensi perusahaan dalam mengelola aset untuk menghasilkan laba atau Return On Asset (ROA) pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) tahun 2019-2022. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari laporan keuangan tahunan perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di BEI. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif. Variabel independen dalam penelitian ini yaitu: arus kas yang terdiri dari arus kas operasi, arus kas investasi, dan arus kas pendanaan. sedangkan variabel dependennya adalah Return on Assets (ROA). Melalui teknik purposive sampling dalam pengambilan sampel, ditemukan jumlah sampelnya sebanyak 22 perusahaan yang diambil dari laporan keuangan per empat tahun, dari total populasi sebanyak 47 perusahaan subsektor perbankan yang terdaftar di BEI. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu regresi linier berganda dengan menggunakan SPSS. Analisis data yang dilakukan yaitu analisis statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan secara parsial arus kas investasi berpengaruh terhadap return on asset, sedangkan arus kas operasi dan arus kas pendanaan tidak berpengaruh terhadap return on asset. Secara simultan arus kas operasi, arus kas investasi, dan arus kas pendanaan berpengaruh terhadap Return On Assets (ROA) di mana F hitung > F tabel (7,109 > 2,71), dengan koefisien determinasi 17,4%.
Analisis Kinerja Keuangan pada Unit Pengelola Kegiatan Dana Amanah Pemberdaya Masyarakat Kecamatan Purwosari Sebelum dan Sesudah Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Riani Susetya Lia , Mazidah Nurul , Sari Ika Puspita
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini menganalisis kinerja pengelolaan keuangan dan pinjaman Dana Amanah Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (DAPM) di Kecamatan Purwosari sebelum dan setelah pandemi COVID-19. Studi ini mengevaluasi rasio-rasio keuangan utama, termasuk rasio pendapatan, rasio biaya, dan rasio laba, serta risiko dan alokasi pinjaman. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa rasio pendapatan DAPM menurun sebesar 1,75% setelah pandemi, sedangkan rasio biaya dan laba tetap stabil. Pada aspek pengelolaan pinjaman, terdapat penurunan pertumbuhan modal dan jumlah peminjam, meskipun rasio pengembalian pinjaman meningkat, melampaui target. Secara keseluruhan, kinerja keuangan tetap dalam kategori "sehat", dengan skor 89,6 sebelum dan 86,7 setelah pandemi. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pandemi memengaruhi beberapa indikator keuangan, terutama pendapatan dan alokasi pinjaman, namun DAPM berhasil mempertahankan pengelolaan keuangan dan pengembalian pinjaman yang kuat. Rekomendasi mencakup peningkatan cadangan modal dan optimalisasi alokasi laba untuk menjaga kesehatan keuangan di masa gangguan ekonomi mendatang.
Interaction between atrial fibrillation and heart failure: recent advances
Authors: Castro-Lara Jovany , Sánchez-Cassio Sandra , Alejandro Vera-Fuentes Manuel
Published: September 2024

A continuous relationship exists between atrial fibrillation and heart failure, where each condition can cause or exacerbate the other. Determining which condition occurs first can pose a significant challenge, as they share various risk factors and intrinsically related pathophysiology. Such is their correlation that a prevalence nearing 60% of atrial fibrillation in de novo heart failure patients and a 37% prevalence of heart failure in newly occurring atrial fibrillation patients have been reported. These conditions have a negative synergistic effect on quality of life, exercise capacity, and hospital readmission. Significant advances have been made in recent years in the diagnosis and treatment of atrial fibrillation and heart failure, with recent guidelines from the American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines, all aimed at establishing comprehensive treatment leading to beneficial cardiovascular outcomes.
Experimental Animal Models of Septic Shock and Sepsis: An Overview
Authors: B. Iskit Alper
Published: September 2024

Sepsis is usually the result of an inflammatory response to several illnesses. It still presents a picture of a complex and varied disease that kills millions of people worldwide and frequently causes the onset of many organ dysfunctions. The purpose of this study is to give the most widely used experimental sepsis models ever developed in order to explain the pathogenetic causes of the disease, its clinical and paraclinical characteristics, as well as opportunities for its therapeutic management. “Non-surgical” models involve the parenteral administration of endotoxins or pathogenic bacteria; “surgical” models refer to an operative intervention that precedes and aims to induce peritonitis, such as puncturing the cecum and then ligating it, inserting a stent in the wall of the ascending colon, implanting bacterial cultures, or using pathogens that are part of the composition of various carriers. The pros and downsides of the models under consideration are discussed, as well as the extent to which they resemble clinical sepsis in all of its forms. Sepsis is a complicated, diverse, and dynamic illness, and no model has been able to accurately capture it. Any of them, however, can supply credible information on specific septic process processes.
Cultural Differences in Human Reasoning: Some Philosophical Reflections on Theories and Implications
Authors: Yama Hiroshi
Published: September 2024

The target of this chapter is cultural differences in thinking. Westerners think in a linear way whereas Easterners think dialectically. Three explanations have been proposed for the cultural differences in thinking. The first is based on the framework of between individualist (in the West) and collectivist (in the East) cultures. The second is based on Chinese philosophy (Taoism, Buddhism, etc.), which is contrasted with ancient Greek philosophy. The third is based on the distinction between Westerners’ low-context culture and Easterners’ high-context culture. The third explanation can be developed to a socio-ecological theory in the sense that a low-context culture is likely to be nourished by multicultural environments. The socio-ecological explanation can be in the frame of ‘big history’ approach which describes how contemporary cultural diversity has been achieved, although it is criticized by some institutionalists.
Conservative Revolution and Nationalism
Authors: Cipek Tihomir
Published: September 2024

The text uses the theory of nationalism to analyze the fundamental ideas of the conservative revolution. This is done through the reconstruction of the basic theses of the political thought of Thomas Mann, Arthur Moeller van den Bruck, Ernst Jünger, Oswald Spengler and Carl Schmitt. The analysis is focused on the way in which they interpreted the relationship between language and nation, war and nation, liberalism and nation, and the nation’s relationship with the West. It has shown that language was thought to reflect the spirit of the nation, that war was considered as the foundation of the national identity, that liberalism was given the role of the main ideological enemy of German national identity, and that the West was rejected while Russia and Dostoevsky were praised. The subsequent conclusion is that the ideology of the conservative revolution was based on German nationalism and the rejection of liberalism. Finally, it has been noted that, although conservative revolutionaries advocated for a dictatorship, they did not want a return to the old regime of the monarchy but an authoritarian conservative utopia. It is precisely those utopian elements of the conservative revolution that still make its ideas appealing to the radical right.
Green Synthesis–Mediated Nanoparticles: Characterization, Antimicrobial Activity and Genomics Analysis
Authors: J. Ewunkem Akamu , Johnson Niore , F. Beard A’lyiha , J. Williams Zahirah , Tshimanga Ilunga , Justice Brittany , K. Singh Dinesh , Meixner Jeffery
Published: September 2024

Infectious diseases are the leading cause of health loss globally and have long been highlighted as a global public health priority. Antibiotics have revolutionized the treatment of infectious diseases by increasing life expectancy and reducing mortality. However, the misuse and overuse of antibiotics have contributed to antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic resistance is a threat to the achievement of antibiotic era and a significant public health issue. Consequentially, there is an urgent hunt for new treatments to help fight infections before antibiotics become obsolete. Nanoparticles have been a significant breakthrough in recent years and have emerged as an alternative to antibiotics. Therefore, there is an increased amount of research devoted to the synthesis of nanoparticles. Nowadays the synthesis of nanoparticles employs chemical and green synthesis methods. This chapter describes the green synthesis route for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using easily available honeybee (Apis mellifera) wings aiming to control Staphylococcus aureus and to explore whole genome sequencing in this strain.
Attitude of Students and Professors Toward Quality of Residency Medical Education at the Selected University of Medical Sciences in Tehran in 2023
Authors: Arbaghaei Mohammad , Vasheghani Farahani Maryam , Vasighi Pirayesh Hasan , Asadi Zahra Sadat
Published: September 2024

Background: Clinical education is one of the most essential components of medical student education, as it significantly impacts students' professional futures and the training of healthcare experts. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the quality of clinical teaching from the perspective of residents and professors at selected medical schools in Tehran city. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using the census technique on 81 residents and 48 faculty members from internal medicine, surgery, radiology, anesthesia, and physical medicine in 2023. The data collection instrument was a reliable and valid questionnaire. After gathering the data, SPSS software computed the score for each item and reported it as a percentage. Results: The research findings showed that residents reported morning reports are always held in 94% of the internal medicine group and 60% of the surgical group. Additionally, 80% of the residents and 100% of the professors in the surgery department stated that the group held regular mortality and morbidity meetings. Thirty-three percent of radiology and physical medicine residents mentioned that the hospital amenities are of good quality. The residents of the physical medicine department reported that theory classes are always held 83% of the time. Conclusions: According to the present findings, the quality of education in internal medicine and surgical courses is optimal from the perspective of both professors and students. Periodic studies on the sustainability and improvement of current educational conditions are recommended.