bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formación y cultura escrita: los libros del agrimensor Francisco Falcón (1764)
Authors: García Cuadrado Amparo
Published: December 2020

This article approaches the study of the private library of the Murcian land surveyor Francisco Falcón de los Reyes, from the first half of the eighteenth century, which constitutes a clear example of the relationship between education and written culture. From the data extracted from a postmortem inventory and the subsequent appraisal and partition of goods among the heirs, we carried out a quantitative and qualitative analysis of said library. First, the text provides a biographical profile of this geometer, a descendant of slaves (new Christians), and describes the formative precariousness of these professionals in their time. The quantitative analysis of the bibliographic collection and its comparison with other private collections from similar socioeconomic fields indicate the importance of this particular collection. The qualitative study of authors and titles shows, on one hand, the high degree of mathematical training of the subject, who is shown to be a recipient of the fundamentally Valencian pre-illustrated reformist scientific mainstream, and, on the other hand, the purpose with which those books were incorporated into the funds of the collection. Together with the library, which we could call professional, due to its scientific nature, the inventoried religious matter in the form of printed documents makes up another interesting part of the collection, one of a catechetical nature in its various formative levels
Una casa della scuola per Roma Capitale
Authors: Cantatore Lorenzo
Published: December 2020

Our research focuses on school buildings constructed in the first decade of Roma Capitale, between the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of twentieth century. The buildings belonged to two categories: 1) edifices readapted as schools (former convents and private dwellings); 2) newly built constructions. School buildings are studied considering their architectural layout, their location within the urban plan, their décor and their symbolic meaning in relation to topography and toponymy. The study method uses interpretation of spaces and places as educational objects that exert an extraordinary influence on the collective imagination. The sources used are: 1) archive documents (Archivio Capitolino) relating to projects and technical relations of architects and engineers; 2) legal documents: laws, measurements, bulletins, ministerial reports on school buildings; 3) publications that document the shaping of public opinion on the importance of endowing the capital with a number of representative and efficient educational sites. The work highlights three main historical trends: 1) the emergenc of laws supporting compulsory education (Casati law, Coppino law) and the social architectural initiatives undertaken in Rome’s poorest and most deprived neighborhoods (Trastevere, Suburra) or in newly built ones for the ascending middle class (Castro Pretorio); 2) the contradiction between rhetoric regarding public educational sites and the scarcity of financial backing for the management of municipal public education  and the subsequent, perennial lack of new schooling sites; 3) competition with contemporary religious school architecture, which in comparison with that of public and secular schools was always at the vanguard.
HERIP - Modelo Humano Digital Paramétrico para análise ergonômica virtual do projeto de produto
Authors: Brendler Clariana Fischer , Teixeira Fábio Gonçalves , Pizzato Gabriela Zubaran de Azevedo
Published: December 2020

O objetivo é apresentar o desenvolvimento do Modelo Humano Digital (HERIP) para auxiliar nas análises ergonômicas de produto em ambiente virtual e, assim, atender aos requisitos ergonômicos de projeto. A metodologia consiste em: investigação (pesquisa bibliográfica, coleta e análise dos dados) e intervenção (desenvolvimento do HERIP e aplicação em análise ergonômica de um simulador veicular de autoescola). Os resultados obtidos em relação ao desenvolvimento do HERIP: parametrização das variáveis antropométricas, reprodução dos movimentos do HERIP o mais próximo do movimento do corpo humano e viabilização da identificação do conforto postural por meio da mudança de cor nos marcadores alocados nas articulações móveis do HERIP.
Modelo de avaliação e tradução da experiência cognitiva e afetiva de produto
Authors: Tavares David Ribeiro , Canciglieri Junior Osíris , Guimarães Lia Buarque de Macedo , Rudek Marcelo
Published: December 2020

A experiência de interação entre consumidor e produto é essencialmente subjetiva e de difícil avaliação e tradução. Nela, há fatores cognitivos e afetivos que são estimulados por atributos de produtos incorporadas ao design que podem ser funcionais e hedônicos. O objetivo do design cognitivo e afetivo é conquistar o consumidor com produtos que proporcionam experiências inovadoras com intenso impacto funcional e “cognitivo” como facilidades de uso, além do impacto “afetivo” como o prazer de consumir. Contudo, modelos é métodos de engenharia e design tem dificuldades de avaliação e tradução das informações, pois é difícil antecipar a intenção e preferência do consumidor. Os fenômenos ocorrem dentro da mente, cérebro, e fazem parte da experiência subjetiva e não são, portanto, acessíveis ao observador externo. O objetivo deste artigo é propor um modelo de avaliação e tradução da experiência cognitiva e afetiva de produto, por meio de uma abordagem multidisciplinar de paradigma cognitivista. Como resultado, é proposto três indicadores que contribuem para o avanço nos estudos sobre a subjetividade do consumidor.
Factores de estrés laboral en el personal de enfermería hospitalario del equipo volante según el modelo de demanda-control-apoyo
Authors: Carrillo García César , Ríos Rísquez María Isabel , Escudero Fernández Laura , Martínez Roche María Emilia
Published: December 2020

Objetivos: Analizar la presencia de estrés laboral en el equipo volante de enfermería de un Hospital General Universitario tomando como referencia el modelo demandas-control-apoyo de Karasek.Método: Estudio observacional de corte transversal. La muestra estuvo constituida por 38 profesionales de enfermería del equipo volante de un Hospital General Universitario. Instrumentos de evaluación: para conocer la percepción de los profesionales de enfermería sobre el contenido de su trabajo y determinar los estresores laborales, se empleó el cuestionario Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) traducido y validado para enfermería hospitalaria.Resultados: La tasa de participación fue del 90,47% (N=38). Se registró una media para la dimensión de apoyo social de 2,59±0,47, para la dimensión de demandas psicológicas en el trabajo de 3,26±0,47, y para la dimensión de control sobre el trabajo se obtuvo una media de 2,87±0,40. El análisis de datos puso de manifiesto un nivel moderado de estresores, destacando un déficit de apoyo social por parte de los superiores, que resultó ser más acusado en el grupo de profesionales adscritos a la dirección de enfermería (2,89 vs 2,49; p<0,05). Ninguna de las tres dimensiones se mostró asociada a las variables socio-laborales de sexo, edad, turno, adscripción y tipo de vinculación al hospital.Conclusiones: Existe una percepción moderada de estresores laborales, resaltando el escaso apoyo social por parte de los superiores, siendo este aspecto una área de mejora sobre la que intervenir.

Objectives: To analyse the presence of work-related stress in the nursing bureau of a University General Hospital taking as reference Karasek's demand-control-support model.Methods: Cross-sectional observational study. The sample included 38 nursing professionals from the nursing bureau of a University General Hospital. Assessment tools: the Job Content Questionnaire (JQC), translated and validated for hospital nursing, was used to know the perception of nursing professionals concernins their work, and to determine the presence of any work-related stressors. Results: The participation rate was 90.47% (N=38). The average for the social support dimension was 2.59±0.47, for the psychological demands of 3.26±0.47, and for control over their own work of 2.87±0.40. Data analysis pointed to a moderate level of stress, reflecting a deficit in the social support provided by superiors, particulary in the group of professionals assigned to nursery management (2.89 vs 2.49; p<0.05). None of the three dimensions showed a link of any kind with socio-occupational variables of gender, age, shift, assignment or type of connection to the hospital.Conclusion: Improvement is needed in this area on the part of human resources management in order to lessen the effect of work-related stress, psychological demands and lack of control over these.
Terapias alternativas para recuperação precoce da continência urinária pós-prostatectomia: revisão sistemática
Authors: De Carvalho Magali Rezende , Da Silva Francine Amaral Machado Nascimento , Silveira Isabelle Andrade
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: Realizar una revisión sistemática de la evidencia sobre la eficacia de entrenamiento de los músculos del suelo pélvico (EMSP) en el tratamiento de la incontinencia urinaria posterior a la prostatectomía. Métodos: Una revisión sistemática realizada em Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE y LILACS en Portugués, Inglés y Español, límite de tiempo: 2005-2015. Resultados: 9 estudios examinaron la eficacia de los asociados o no con la biorretroalimentación y la estimulación eléctrica TMAP. Conclusión: El EMSP con o sin biorretroalimentación y la estimulación eléctrica pueden contribuir a la pronta recuperación de la continencia. Los pacientes con dificultad inicial de la identificación de los músculos del suelo pélvico pueden beneficiarse de sesiones de electroestimulación de biofeedback. Una mayor integración de la enfermera es posible en la atención relacionada con el pronto retorno de la continencia en pacientes post-prostatectomía mediante el establecimiento de los ejercicios de fortalecimiento del suelo pélvico y terapia conductual.

Aim: To conduct a systematic review of the evidence of the effectiveness of Pelvic Floor Muscle Training (PFMT) in the treatment of post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence. Method: Systematic review conducted in Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE and LILACS in Portuguese, English and Spanish, with the time limit: 2005-2015. Results: 9 studies analyzed the effectiveness of PFMT associated or not with biofeedback (BFB) and electrical stimulation (ES). Conclusion: PFMT with or without the biofeedback and electrical stimulation may contribute to the early recovery of continence. Patients with initial difficulty of identifying the pelvic floor muscles can benefit from ES followed BFB sessions of structured PFMT. A greater participation of nurses in the care related to the early return of continence in post-prostatectomy patients is possible through the implementation of pelvic floor muscle exercises and behavioral therapy.

Objetivo: Conduzir uma revisão sistemática a cerca das evidências da efetividade do Treinamento dos Músculos do Assoalho Pélvico (TMAP) no tratamento da incontinência urinária pós-prostatectomia. Método: Revisão sistemática realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE/OVID, EMBASE e LILACS nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol, limite temporal: 2005-2015. Resultados: 9 estudos analisaram a efetividade do TMAP associado ou não ao biofeedback e eletroestimulação. Conclusão: TMAP associados ou não ao biofeedback e eletroestimulação podem contribuir na recuperação precoce da continência. Pacientes com dificuldade inicial de identificação dos músculos do assoalho pélvico podem se beneficiar de sessões de eletroestimulação e biofeedback. É poss
Diseño y validación de la escala de Inteligencia Espiritual en la práctica sanitaria, Ica-Perú
Authors: Becerra Canales Bladimir , Becerra Huaman Domizbeth
Published: December 2020

Introducción: La inteligencia espiritual es la única alternativa para humanizar los servicios de salud en los tiempos actuales de crisis; de ahí, que urge la necesidad de cultivarla y desarrollarla en las organizaciones de salud. Objetivos. Diseñar y validar una escala para medir el perfil de inteligencia espiritual en la práctica sanitaria (EIEps), en una muestra de trabajadores de salud de Ica, Perú. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de diseño de validación de instrumentos documentales de tipo observacional y analítico, en 288 trabajadores de salud, el proceso incluye dos fases: Cualitativa (Creación del instrumento) y cuantitativa (Evaluación de sus propiedades métricas). Resultados: El instrumento consta de 18 items, distribuidos en tres dimensiones, el análisis de fiabilidad presentó un coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach de 0,90; con valores de correlación ítem-total de 0,45 hasta 0,72; el análisis factorial confirmatorio mostró una estructura de tres dominios que explicaba el 54% de la varianza total. El análisis bidimensional demostró correlación significativa (p=0,00) y directa, entre la Dimensión I (Vivencia espiritual en la práctica), Dimensión II (Pensamiento existencial) y la Dimensión III (Consciencia trascendental). Conclusión: La EIEps, presentó una buena consistencia interna, con correlaciones moderadas y significativas entre sus ítems y constituye un instrumento que puede ser usado para medir el perfil de inteligencia espiritual en trabajadores de organizaciones de salud. 

Introduction: Spiritual intelligence is the only alternative to humanize health services in the current time of crisis; the urgent need to cultivate and develop it in the health organizations. Objectives: To design, and validate a scale to measure the profile of spiritual intelligence in health practice (EIEps), in a sample of healths works from Ica, Peru. Materials and methods: A validation design study of observational and analytical documentary instruments was carried out in 288 health workers; the process includes two phases: Qualitative (creation of the instrument) and quantitative (evaluation of its metric properties). Results: The instrument consists of 18 items, distributed in three dimensions; the reliability analysis presented a Cronbach Alpha coefficient of 0.90; with item-total correlation values of 0.45 to 0.72; the confirmatory factor analysis showed a three-domain structure that explained 54% of the total variance. The two-dimensional demostration analysis showed significant (p=0.00) and direct correlation between Dimension I (Spiritual experience in practice), Dimension II (Existential Thought) and Dimension III (Transcendental Consciousness). Conclusion: The EIEps presented a good internal consistency, with moderate and significant correlations between its items and constitutes an instrument that can be used to measure the profile of spiritual intelligence in health organization workers.
Les habitudes alimentaires des usagers de cannabis : mieux les comprendre pour mieux intervenir
Authors: St-Germain Florence
Published: December 2020

Bien que le cannabis ait gagné en popularité dans la littérature scientifique, les publications en lien avec l’alimentation sont peu nombreuses. Cet article se veut de fournir une vue d’ensemble sur les répercussions possibles du cannabis sur l’alimentation pour outiller les nutritionnistes dans leur pratique. Dans le cadre d’un travail dirigé universitaire, une analyse socioécologique des habitudes alimentaires de l’usager de cannabis, à l’appui d’un modèle, a été réalisée. Le cannabis exerce une influence sur les habitudes alimentaires. La grande majorité des déterminants identifiés sont d’ordres individuels et résultent des effets physiologiques du cannabis sur l’organisme. Citons notamment l’appétit, les symptômes gastro-intestinaux, les signaux de faim et de satiété, la palatabilité́ et la valeur hédonique de certains aliments. D’autres paliers d’influence ont été identifiés mais nécessitent d’être validés à travers davantage d’études. Les répercussions du cannabis sur les habitudes alimentaires des usagers sont principalement reliées aux effets physiologiques qu’il entraîne sur l’appétit, le système de récompense, le système nerveux central et le système gastro-intestinal. Le portrait dressé dans cet article découle des études pharmacologiques et médicales pouvant contribuer à une vision réduite des habitudes alimentaires des usagers de cannabis. Les déterminants plus systémiques des habitudes alimentaires des usagers de cannabis doivent être étudiés davantage dans des études futures.
Traitement des hypoglycémies non sévères dans le diabète de type 1 : remise en question
de la recommandation actuelle
Authors: Carignan Astrid
Published: December 2020

Les recommandations actuelles pour traiter l’hypoglycémie non sévère suggèrent de
consommer 15 g de glucides et de répéter cette prise aux 15 minutes jusqu’à résolution de
l’épisode. Les évidences qui sous-tendent cette recommandation sont basées sur un consensus
d’experts et un très maigre échantillon d’études datant de trente ans. Or, de multiples
avancées thérapeutiques ont depuis mené à l’évolution des profils pharmacocinétiques et
l’insulinothérapie intensive. Ceci justifie une révision rigoureuse des lignes directrices
actuelles (1). Cette revue de la littérature vise à faire la lumière sur les études axées
sur le type et la quantité de glucides donnés aux adultes vivant avec le diabète de type 1
pour traiter les épisodes d’hypoglycémie. Le recensement des articles scientifiques a été
mené sur les moteurs de recherche PubMed, Google Scholar et Cochrane
Library. Les articles répertoriés corroborent la nécessité de réviser la recommandation
actuelle, puisqu’ils montrent qu’une quantité initiale plus élevée de glucides traite plus
efficacement l’hypoglycémie. À ce jour, la meilleure option de glucides disponible est le
glucose ou le sucrose en comprimés. Certains auteurs explorent toutefois actuellement des
alternatives à la prise de glucides dans le traitement de l’hypoglycémie, telle que la
« mini-dose » de glucagon.
Le NEHD (Nutrition entérale de l’hôpital au domicile) : un outil indispensable pour le
continuum des soins
Authors: Fleming Deborah , Schafer Donna , Martineau Diane
Published: December 2020

La transition d’un patient de l’hôpital à la maison avec une alimentation entérale
est un processus complexe et long. Il y a une quantité considérable d’actions à faire et de
documents à remplir pour assurer une transition en toute fluidité. Si des étapes ne sont pas
complétées, la durée de l’hospitalisation peut être prolongée, pouvant augmenter le risque
d’infection nosocomiale et par conséquent, les coûts en soins de santé. La prise en charge
de l’intervention nutritionnelle dans la communauté peut aussi être retardée. En 2017, un
comité formé de 10 diététistes en soins aigus, en réadaptation, en soins à domicile et de
l’industrie s’est formé pour discuter des lacunes qui nuisaient à la transition optimale des
soins des patients avec une nutrition entérale à domicile. L’objectif de ce comité était
d’élaborer un outil qui faciliterait ce processus et améliorerait la communication entre les
diététistes des hôpitaux et ceux des soins à domicile. L’outil développé est une liste de
vérification en version électronique composée de plusieurs hyperliens qui donnent accès à
tous les documents à compléter, les références et autres ressources pour assurer une
organisation et un continuum des soins adéquats. Cet outil, appelé le NEHD (Nutrition
Entérale de l’Hôpital au Domicile) a ensuite été partagé aux établissements de santé au
Québec afin de standardiser le processus et d’assurer la continuité de la nutrition entérale
des soins à domicile dans toute la province. Le NEHD fourni un cadre structuré permettant
aux diététistes de travailler plus efficacement pour améliorer le suivi des patients et la
communication tout au long de la transition des soins en nutrition entérale dans la
communauté.
Gouverner en tant que pairs (governing as peers) : experts réticents et parents compétents au sein de l’État-providence suédois
Authors: Eklund Lisa , Lundqvist Åsa
Published: December 2020

Ces dernières années, le soutien parental a gagné en importance dans l’État-providence suédois, tant sur les plans politique que pratique. D’un côté, la parentalité, jugée déterminante pour l’avenir de l’enfant, nécessite connaissances et expertise. De l’autre, les parents sont aussi perçus comme des experts de leur propre enfant. Cet intrigant paradoxe est le sujet de cet article.

Sur la base d’entretiens effectués avec les acteurs du milieu du soutien parental, nous observons que ces derniers peuvent être qualifiés d’« experts réticents » parce qu’ils sont soucieux de respecter l’autonomie des parents et de ne pas paraître paternalistes. Cependant, selon eux, la suppression du rôle d’expert peut également être une stratégie pour attirer davantage de parents et favoriser l’éclosion du « parent compétent ».

Il a été affirmé que l’« expert réticent » et le « parent compétent » ne peuvent être bien compris que si les pratiques de soutien parental sont considérées comme une forme de microtechnologies destinées à gouverner les parents dans un cadre néolibéral, en mettant l’accent sur le contrôle indirect et horizontal de la parentalité et des familles. Nous proposons de conceptualiser cela avec l’expression « gouverner en tant que pairs » (governing as peers). Le cadre néolibéral se caractérise également par le fait que les problèmes et les solutions sont circonscrits aux niveaux individuel et familial, plutôt qu’au niveau structurel, ce qui implique une responsabilisation des parents.
Mixer le social ? Intervention et exercice de la parentalité dans un contexte de gentrification à Montréal
Authors: Berthiaume Annabelle
Published: December 2020

La « mixité sociale » fait partie des stratégies des pouvoirs publics pour déconcentrer les quartiers pauvres et favoriser une plus grande cohésion sociale entre les habitant-es issu-es de divers milieux sociaux, culturels et économiques. Alors que la ville fait face à un contexte de gentrification, où des populations plus aisées s’installent dans des quartiers populaires, les politiques de mixité sociale veulent maintenir l’accès à la ville des populations issues de toutes les catégories sociales. Si ce phénomène et ses impacts sur les coûts des logements ou des produits de consommation sont relativement bien documentés, nous en savons encore très peu sur la mise en oeuvre de la mixité en intervention sociale et, plus particulièrement, dans les services entourant le développement de la petite enfance et le soutien à la parentalité. Cet article s’appuie sur une enquête ethnographique combinant une analyse documentaire, des observations, 16 entrevues avec des mères fréquentant les services publics et communautaires qui mettent en place les politiques de soutien à la parentalité et de développement de l’enfant, ainsi que 14 entrevues avec des intervenant-es qui travaillent dans ces structures. L’analyse permet d’observer le fait que le projet de mixité sociale, s’il a pour qualité de promouvoir l’inclusion et l’accès universel de toutes les mères à ces services, pose certaines limites pratiques. Paradoxalement, il ne permet pas à certaines mères, et particulièrement aux plus pauvres et aux plus marginalisées, de rester incluses dans les services qui leur sont pourtant destinés.
A Partial Defense of the Non-Commercialization of Surrogacy
Authors: Fulfer Katy
Published: December 2020

Canada’sAssisted Human Reproduction Actjustifies its non-commercialization approach to surrogacy on the grounds that commercial payments for surrogacy commodify women and are exploitative. However, empirical evidence suggests that payments in surrogacy are not exploitative, at least not to an extent that would warrant criminalizing payments. Given skepticism about the connection between exploitation and commodification, I explore whether commodification critiques can ground an alternative justification for the non-commercialization of surrogacy. First, I examine Vida Panitch’s argument that commodification critiques are flawed for being absolutist, that is, they cannot identify what makes some surrogacy transactions better or worse than others. Second, I examine Anne Phillips’ rearticulation of a commodification critique:Commercial surrogacy is problematic because it undermines equality in a democratic society.I argue that Phillips’ revision can escape absolutism and provide a better justification for Canada’s non-commercialization stance. However, it also entails that the preference for criminalizing payments is weakened, as other policy solutions might be effectively implemented to protect equality. As a result, I propose a shift in how commodification is appealed to: Less attention should be paid to abstract values and more attention should be given to how those values are enacted relationally between members of a political community. I also tentatively suggest that commodification critiques might provide a normative basis in Canadian policy for a self-sufficiency regulatory framework, which centres on values such as solidarity and the public good.
2e Café de bioéthique « Le citoyen et ses renseignements génétiques : pour qui et pourquoi? »
Authors: Boudreau LeBlanc Antoine , Masella Marie-Alexia
Published: December 2020

Ce texte est le compte-rendu d’un Café de bioéthique en juin 2019 portant sur la protection des renseignements génétiques et la propriété de ces données, mais également sur l’impact des tests génétiques offert au public. Des sujets tels que la vie privée, l’appartenance des renseignements génétiques, leurs utilités ou encore les bénéfices et risques des tests génétiques ont été abordés et traités selon des points de vue divers sous l’angle de l’éthique.
3e Café de bioéthique « Le citoyen comme acteur de santé publique : défis et opportunités »
Authors: Gagné Marie-Alexandra , Masella Marie-Alexia , Abtroun Sihem Neila , Boudreau LeBlanc Antoine
Published: December 2020

Ce compte-rendu synthétise les échanges tenus lors du 3ème Café de bioéthique de 2019 à Québec, qui ont porté sur le thème : « Le citoyen comme acteur de santé publique : défis et opportunités ». Trois panélistes – Yan Kestens, Allison Marchildon et Karine Lefeuvre – ont enrichi cette rencontre de leur expertise en santé publique et en éthique. Cet échange a fait ressortir la valeur de la participation citoyenne en santé publique et l’importance d’en nuancer sa compréhension et sa mise en application. Il est prioritaire de considérer les relations entre les différentes parties prenantes, les facteurs contextuels pouvant affecter ce processus et les stratégies éthiques permettant de renforcir de « bonnes » participations citoyennes. Cette rencontre s’inscrit dans une série de Cafés de bioéthique tenus à Montréal et à Québec sur le sujet de l’éthique, de la santé et des données.
Developing Ecological Safety of Artificial Intelligence in Human Society
Authors: Zorins Aleksejs , Grabusts Peteris
Published: December 2020

The paper presents cyber systems especially based on artificial intelligence (AI) from a perspective of ecological safety for humanity. The study provides a definition of ecological safety of AI and discusses its relevance to a modern science and society, as well as reviews risks of smart AI systems.
El juez administrativo colombiano: ¿Un actor influyente en el fortalecimiento del Estado social y constitucional de derecho?
Authors: Latorre González Indira
Published: December 2020

Difícilmente se pondría en duda que el juez constitucional colombiano ha resultado ser un actor representativo e incluso simbólico del Estado social de derecho en Colombia. Por el contrario, no es tan fácil saber cuál es la imagen compartida que se tiene acerca del juez administrativo, en parte porque se investiga muy poco por los cambios que la justicia administrativa colombiana ha tenido que vivir para responder a un modelo de Estado para el cual no fue creada. Con el ánimo se superar este vacío, a partir de la relación entre derecho y política, este libro indaga por las transformaciones del derecho administrativo, por los elementos que alteran el rol del juez administrativo en el Estado social de derecho, así como por las distintas herramientas que le permiten al juez enfrentar tales alteraciones. A tal fin se analizan, entre otros temas, la discusión sobre la fuerza vinculante de la jurisprudencia, el papel de los métodos de interpretación y de la argumentación en las decisiones contencioso administrativas, las diversas posiciones sobre la aplicación de normas fundamentales por el juez administrativo y algunas de las novedosas iniciativas establecidas por la Ley 1437 de 2011. Conocer la influencia del juez administrativo colombiano en el fortalecimiento del Estado social de derecho permite evaluar su nivel de relevancia para dicho modelo de Estado y, con ello, proponer cambios en su razonamiento y modos de proceder judicial. A estos dos aspectos se espera incentivar con la lectura de este libro. Este es, sobre todo, un libro para cuestionar el derecho administrativo a la luz del contraste entre los cambios del rol del juez administrativo colombiano y las transformaciones de esta rama del derecho.
Laser detection method of ship wake bubbles based on multiple scattering intensity and polarization characteristics
Authors: Liang Shan-Yong  , Wang Jiang-An  , Zong Si-Guang  , Wu Rong-Hua  , Ma Zhi-Guo  , Wang Xiao-Yu  , Wang Le-Dong  ,   Information Countermeasrue Department, Electronic Engineering College, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China;,   China Shipbuilding Industry Group NO. 717 Research Institute, Wuhan 430033, China
Published: December 2020

It is the research foundation of ship wake detection by laser and new-generation optical homing torpedo to investigate the influence of multiple scattering effect on light scattering intensity and polarization characteristics of the ship wake bubbles. The simulation model of laser back-scattering detection by ship wake bubbles is based on vector Monte Carlo method, and the multiple scattering mechanism is studied. The influences of multiple scattering effect and the bubble density in ship wake on the light scattering intensity and polarization characteristics of echo signal are analyzed. The echo photon polarization contribution reception method and the echo signal polarization statistical method are proposed to solve the problem that the low photon return probability cannot form the echo energy in the system with small receiver field of view. These methods are based on the basic idea of the particle collision importance sampling and the traditional energy receiving method. The polarization detection experimental platform for the simulated wake bubbles is built and the accuracy of the simulation results is verified in experiment. The consistence of the experimental and simulation results shows that the bubble distance and density information can be characterized by echo intensity, polarization information and the echo signal intensity, and the polarization characteristics can be used to detect and distinguish the ship wake bubbles, or even a low density wake bubbles with high precision.
Wave-making experiments and theoretical models for internal solitary waves in a two-layer fluid of finite depth
Authors: Huang Wen-Hao  , You Yun-Xiang  , Wang Xu  , Hu Tian-Qun  ,   State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
Published: December 2020

A laboratory wave-making method is developed for the internal solitary wave under the condition of giving its amplitude produced by oppositely and horizontally pushing two vertical plates placed separately in the upper- and lower-layer fluids of a large-scale density stratified tank where based on the Miyata-Choi-Camassa (MCC) theoretical model, the layer-mean velocities of the upper- and lower-layer fluids induced by the internal solitary wave are used as the velocities of the two plates. On this basis, a series of experiments is conducted to explore the applicability conditions for internal solitary wave theories with stationary solutions which are Korteweg-de Vries (KdV), extended KdV (eKdV), MCC and modified KdV (mKdV) models in a two-layer fluid of finite depth respectively. It is shown that for the nonlinear parameter ε and the dispersion parameter μ defined by the total water depth, there exists a critical dispersion parameter μ0, in the case of μ μ0, the KdV model is applicable for ε ≤μ, the eKdV model is applicable for μ ε ≤√μ, as well as the MCC model is applicable for ε > √μ. However, in the case of μ ≥ μ0, the MCC model is still applicable for a wide range of ε. Furthermore, for the case where the ratio of depth between the upper- and lower-layer fluids is not close to its critical value, the mKdV model is mainly applicable for the case where the amplitude of the internal solitary wave is close to its theoretical limiting amplitude, however, the MCC model is also applicable for such a case. The investigation quantitatively characterizes the applicability conditions for four classes of internal solitary wave theories, and provides an important theoretical foundation for what kinds of theories can be chosen to model internal solitary waves in the ocean.
Enhancement of performance of P3HT：PCBM based polymer solar cell by Ag2O/PEDOT：PSS composite buffer layer
Authors: Liu Zhi-Fang  , Zhao Su-Ling  , Xu Zheng  , Yang Qian-Qian  , Zhao Ling  , Liu Zhi-Min  , Chen Hai-Tao  , Yang Yi-Fan  , Gao Song  , Xu Xu-Rong  ,   Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information Beijing Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100044, China;,   Institute of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
Published: December 2020

Ag2O/PEDOT:PSS used as the anode buffer layer is introduced into the P3HT:PCBM based polymer solar cell (PSC). Effect of the Ag2O/PEDOT:PSS composite anode buffer layer on the device performance is investigated. According to the results, we can find that the post-thermal annealing can improve the performance of the PSC with Ag2O/PEDOT:PSS anode buffer layer compare with that without buffer layer. In addition, compared with the devices without such a buffer layer or with only PEDOT:PSS buffer layer, the device with the composite buffer layer can achieve higher Jsc, external quantum efficiency as well as power conversion efficiency. We conclude that the post-thermal annealing can significantly improve the surface morphology which increases the light absorption and the exciton dissociation. The inserted Ag2O together with PEDOT:PSS as the composite buffer layer not only efficiently lowers the hole extraction barrier and improves the hole collection efficiency but also exhibits excellent stability.
Design and experimental verification of a two-dimensional phase gradient metasurface used for radar cross section reduction
Authors: Li Yong-Feng  , Zhang Jie-Qiu  , Qu Shao-Bo  , Wang Jia-Fu  , Chen Hong-Ya  , Xu Zhuo  , Zhang An-Xue  ,   College of Science, Air Force Engineering University, Xi’an 710051, China;,   Key Laboratory of Electronic Materials Research of Ministry of Education, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China;,   School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
Published: December 2020

Dealing with potential applications of phase gradient metasurfaces in stealth technologies, we propose to realize wide-band radar cross section (RCS) reduction by combining the two mechanisms of surface wave generation and anomalous reflection. A two-dimensional phase gradient based metasurface is designed using split-ring resonators. Around the designed central frequency f=10 GHz, the incident waves are coupled into surface waves propagating along the metasurface. While at the frequency band f>11 GHz, anomalous reflection and diffuse reflection occur. In this way, wide-band RCS reduction can be realized. A test sample with a total thickness of 2 mm is fabricated and its reflection and backward RCS are measured and compared with those of bare metallic plate with the same size. The comparison shows that the metasurface achieves more than 10 dB reduction in the measured wide range (9.5-17.0 GHz). The metasurface is a polarization independent, electrically thin, light-weight and wide-band, so it is of great application values in novel stealth technologies and materials.
Experimental investigation on surface heat transfer characteristics of hypersonic two-dimensional rearward-facing step flow
Authors: Wang Xiao-Hu  , Yi Shi-He  , Fu Jia  , Lu Xiao-Ge  , He Lin  ,   College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
Published: December 2020

Hypersonic rearward-facing step flow is one of the basic flow problems in the design of engine for endo-atmospheric hypersonic vehicle, including thermal protection, and aero-optical correction for infrared imaging window of hypersonic interceptors, etc. To know the characteristics of hypersonic rearward-facing step flow is of vital importance in improving the performances of vehicles, and understanding the basis of the flow. This paper investigates the characteristics of a two-dimensional hypersonic rearward-facing step flow, measures the surface heat transfer coefficient and the surface static pressure downstream the step, and compares the results with the values predicted using the hypersonic boundary layer theory. And the results are demonstrated by the flow structure visualization using NPLS (nano-based planar laser scattering) technique. It is concluded that for the hypersonic two-dimensional rearward-facing step flow, the surface heat transfer distribution can be determined directly by the boundary layer edge parameters at the step; and the viscous effect dominates the flow characteristic in the separation and reattachment region; whole in the far-field region downstream the step, the heat transfer coefficient approaches an asymptotic value that may be equal to the turbulent flat plate value. Furthermore, the boundary layer structure may depend on the ratio of boundary layer thickness to the height of step. It is concluded that, when studying the problem of hypersonic rearward-facing step using CFD (computational fluid dynamics) technology, choosing an appropriate turbulent model is needed.
Unconventional phonon blockade in multimode optomechanical system
Authors: Shi Hai-Quan  , Xie Zhi-Qiang  , Xu Xun-Wei  , Liu Nian-Hua  ,   School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;,   Department of Applied Physics, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China;,   Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we proposed to observe a phonon blockade in multimode optomechanical system. The multimode optomechanical system is consisting of one mechanical mode driven by a weakly mechanical field and two optical modes driven by two optical fields (a weak one and a strong one). Under the interaction of the strong optical driving field, the multimode optomechanical system can be reduced to a much simple model for a mechanical mode linearly coupled to an optical mode with Kerr nonlinearity. Our calculations show that strong phonon antibunching effects can be observed even with weak optomechanical coupling. This counter-intuitive phenomenon, i.e., unconventional phonon blockade, results from the destructive interference between different paths for two-phonon excitation and the optimal conditions for unconventional phonon blockade are obtained analytically. Moreover, the statistical properties of the phonons can be controlled by regulating the strength ratio and the relative phase between the weakly driving fields, and this provides us an effective way to realize tunable single-phonon sources. Finally, we show that the thermal phonons have a detrimental impact on the unconventional phonon blockade and a proper increase of the strengths of the weakly driving fields can be helpful to overcome the detrimental impact induced by the thermal phonons.
Plume neutralization mechanism for ultrasonically aided electrospray thruster
Authors: Yu Bo  , Zhang Yan  , He Wei-Guo  , Hang Guan-Rong  , Kang Xiao-Lu  , Zhao Qing  ,   College of Physical Electronics, Univerjity of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China;,   Department of Electric Propulsion, Shanghai Institute of Space Propulsion, Shanghai 201112, China;,   College of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
Published: December 2020

The ultrasonically aided electrospray thrusters (UAET) are used mainly on micro-satellites (with mass less than 10 kg). In this work, numerical simulation studies of the UAET plume field are conducted to investigate the following two problems encountered during operational tests:the avertence angle of thrust direction, which exists between the design and test outcome, and the lower energy efficiency than the established theoretical value. In order to precisely model the special physical process of the UAET plume neutralization, we develop a new hybrid model named the neutralization of electrons and charged droplets for the plume fluid field to capture the neutralization process of electrons and positively charged droplets. This model describes the dynamical movement of particles, the collision between electrons and droplets, the breakage and coalescence of the droplets, and the flow and heat transfer between the droplets and background gas. To show the feasibility and accuracy of the model, experimental tests involving thrust measurements and high-speed photography of the plume are conducted. The comparison between the test and simulation results under the same study conditions shows that the average error of this model is about 20%, and both the test and calculation exhibit a consistent trend in the various study cases. According to this model, we simulate the plume fluid field of UAET (with 2-W discharge power and 2-mA current) and identify the distribution characteristics of several parameters, including the droplet number density, charge density and the droplet volume, as well as the energy consumption categories that occur. Our model can successfully demonstrate the internal mechanisms that cause the two problems identified above. Our work will provide support for future studies of optimal design.
Combined dual-wavelength laser diode beam end-pumped single longitudinal mode Pr3+:LiYF4 360 nm ultraviolet laser
Authors: Dou Wei , Pu Shuang-Shuang , Niu Na , Qu Da-Peng , Meng Xiang-Jun , Zhao Ling , Zheng Quan ,   Changchun New Industries Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd, Changchun 130012, China,   Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
Published: December 2020

In recent years, all-solid-state ultraviolet lasers have had widely potential applications in the fields of spectroscopy, biological analysis, precision manufacturing, optical data storage, high-resolution printing, medicine and lithography. The good monochrome of all-solid-state ultraviolet laser can improve the accuracy of spectral absorption measurement when used to detect specific proteins and reduce the laser spot diameter when used for high density data storage or acousto-optic deflector. In this paper, a combined dual-wavelength laser diode (LD) beam end-pumped single longitudinal mode Pr3+:LiYF4 all-solid-state UV laser at 360 nm is presented. A V-folded cavity structure is used in the laser, which consists of a reflective volume Bragg grating (RBG) and a Fabry-Perot (F-P) etalon. The RBG is used as a wavelength selection and resonator reflector to narrow the width of spectral line. The F-P etalon is hybrid in the cavity, serving as a narrow-band filter, to achieve the single longitudinal mode. The lithium triborate crystal with critical type-I phase matching at room temperature is used for implementing the second-harmonic generation of the fundamental 720 nm laser and obtaining an efficient and compact ultraviolet laser at 360 nm. The optical resonator is simulated and analyzed by MATLAB software. Two experiments are conducted to compare the accuracy of central wavelength tuning by changing the temperature of F-P etalon and the angle of F-P etalon. The result shows that the change temperature of F-P etalon can achieve 0.165 pm/℃, showing that it is a better method. The structure of the laser is simplified and the anti-interference capability is improved in this way. It is different from mode competition method and the stability of single longitudinal mode laser output is increased. When the output power of LD at 444 nm is 1200 mW and that of LD at 469 nm is 1400 mW, a single longitudinal mode CW UV laser at 360 nm with output power as high as 112 mW is achieved. The optical-to-optical conversion efficiency is 4.3%, and the longitudinal linewidth of laser is 30 MHz. The measurements show that the edge suppression ratio is greater than 60 dB, the stability of root mean square (RMS) of output power in 4 h is better than 0.5%, the frequency shift in 1h is better than 220 MHz, and amplitude noise is less than 0.5%.
Theoretical investigation on hyperfine structure and isotope shift for 5d106s 2S1/2→5d96s2 2D5/2 clock transition in Hg+
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Lu Ben-Quan , Li Ji-Guang , Zou Hong-Xin ,   College of Liberal Arts and Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China,   Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China,   National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710600, China
Published: December 2020

The Dirac-Hartree-Fock approximation is adopted to calculate the mass shift and the field shift for the 5d106s 2S1/2→5d96s2 2D5/2 clock transition in Hg+. It is found that the field shift is much larger than the mass shift so that the latter can be neglected in the isotope shift. In addition, we estimate that the isotope shifts of the levels related to the 5d106s 2S1/2→5d96s2 2D5/2 clock transition of Hg+ is on the order of about 104 GHz, while the hyperfine structure splitting is in a range of 1−10 GHz. However, the isotope shift of the 5d106s 2S1/2→5d96s2 2D5/2 clock transition is on the same order of magnitude as the hyperfine structure splitting. Therefore, the hyperfine structure splitting must be taken into account for predicting the frequency shifts of the clock transition between different isotopes. On the basis of these results, we perform a multi-configuration Dirac-Hartree-Fock calculation on the field shift of the 5d106s 2S1/2→5d96s2 2D5/2 clock transition in Hg+ and the hyperfine interaction constants of the upper and the lower levels involved. In order to give accurate theoretical results of these physical quantities, we systematically consider the main electron correlations in the atomic system by using the active space method. The restricted single and double (SrD) excitation method is used to capture the correlation between the 5d and the 6s valence electrons, and the correlation between the 3s, 3p, 3d, 4s, 4p, 4d, 5s, 5p, and 5d core and the valence electrons. The isotope shifts and hyperfine structure splitting for this transition of several stable mercury isotopes are given. In particular, the uncertainty of the calculated isotope shift between 199Hg+ and 198Hg+ is about 2%, compared with the experimental measurement available. Using these results, we predict the absolute frequency values of this transition for seven mercury isotopes, which provides theoretical reference data for experiments. Moreover, the calculated isotope shifts and hyperfine structures are also useful for studying the structure, property and nucleon interaction of mercury nucleus.