bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structure-Based Drug Design: Progress Toward the Discovery of the Elusive Bradykinin Receptor Antagonists
Authors: Kyle Donald J.
Published: September 2022

The de nova design of a non-peptide bradykinin receptor antagonist (or the optimization of a lead discovered by random screening) will ultimately require knowledge about the receptor topology. In the absence of an experientally-determined structure of the bradykinin-bradykinin receptor complex, we have attempted to gain insights from other sources. Specifically, we have synthesized conformationally constrained lignads, and completed extensive computer modeling and mutagenesis experiments on the bradykinin receptor. For the former, the recently reported hydroxyproline ether­ containing peptides have been useful in mapping the bradykinin receptor topology. Moreover, using systematic synthetic modifications, we have explored the relative importances of selected amide bonds 1
and side chains in second generation peptides and have made a series of and/or N-methyl 1
substitutions at positions four and five which led to the discovery of two new cyclic peptide antagonists. 1
For the latter, computational simulations led to a proposed model of bradykinin bound to its receptor which was found to be in good agreement with mutagens is results. This model led ultimately to the design and synthesis of D-Arg0-Arg 1 -(12-
aminododecanoy1)2-Ser3-D-Tic4-0ic5-Arg6, a pseudo-peptide leading into a third generation of antagonists. Further improvements in tis lead structure were achieved via combinatorial non-peptide libraries.
Glycomimetics as Selectin Inhibitors
Authors: Musser John H. , Anderson Mark B. , Levy Daniel E.
Published: September 2022

The selectins are a family of cell adhesion molecules involved in the rolling stage of the transendothelial migration of leukocytes and their principal interaction is with cell-surface carbohydrates such as sialyl Lewis X (sLex). The selectin family currently consists of E-selectin, found on cytokine-activated endothelial cells, L­ selectin, identified by reaction with the monoclonal antibody MEL-14, and P-selectin, characterized utilizing antibodies differentiating between activated and resting platelets.
The structural motifs of the selectins consist of a lectin binding domain succeeded by an epidermal growth factor (EGF) region. The oligosaccharide, sLeX, binds to E-selectin while L- and P-selectin recognize sLex or Lex related carbohydrates via the lectin binding domain.

Since the extravasation of leukocytes is associated with disorders including immunoinflammatory diseases, reperfusion injury and adult respiratory distress syndrome, agents that block the initial process of leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium may have therapeutic utility.

The potential therapeutic agents based on selectin binding inhibition are either large molecules related to selectins such as protein receptors/chimeras, monoclonal antibodies or peptidic/peptidomimetic compounds, or ligand-based small molecules such as oligosaccharides or carbohydrate mimics (Glycomimetics).

An alternative approach to selectin-mediated leukocyte trafficking other than selectin binding inhibition involves the modulation of sLex biosynthesis via the inhibition of glycosyltransferases. Since sLex is an oligosaccharide, mimics of this selectin ligand may be thought of as a new class of glycomimetics.
Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists and Antagonists
Authors: Howlett Allyn C. , Berglund Barbara , Melvin Lawrence S.
Published: September 2022

Research on the cannabinoid natural products and synthetic drugs has been bolstered recently by major breakthroughs in the understanding of the biochemical pathways and the production of significant new tools in the form of novel chemical structures. Cannabinoid receptors are now defined pharmacologically, anatomically, and at the molecular level as belonging to the seven transmembrane spanning G protein coupled receptor superfarnily. Currently recognized receptor subtypes include the CB1 and CBJ(a) splice variants, found predominantly in the brain, and the CB2 subtype, identified in cells of immunologic origin. Three structurally different classes of cannabinoid receptor agonists have been characterized and serve as pharmacological tools most frequently used to explore drug-receptor interactions both in vitro and in vivo9. -THC and HU-210 characterize the
classical ABC-tricyclic cannabinoid structures. CP-55,940 is a prototype of the nonclassical AC-bicyclic synthetic cannabinoids, and CP-55,244 is an ACD-bicyclic structure that defines a novel receptor binding region. WIN-55212-2 is a prototype agonist in the aminoalkylindole series of cannabimimetic structures. Arachidonylethanolamide (anandamide) is an eicosanoid natural product that acts as a cannabinoid agonist. With the advent of a high potency, CB1 receptor-selective antagonist, SR141716A, it is possible that novel cannabinoid receptor subtypes will be able to be distinguished pharmacologically.
Patient Care and Treatment Strategies for Skin Diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa: Role of Traditional and Western Medicines
Authors: Sharma Astha , Malviya Rishabha , Sundaram Sonali , Verma Swati , Fuloria Neeraj Kumar , Fuloria Shivkanya , Sekar Mahendran , Mishra Neelesh , Meenakshi Dhanalekshmi Unnikrishnan
Published: September 2022

The perspective of the people of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) toward both traditional and western healthcare systems varies. The goal of the current study is to examine the SSA's unique skin disease health care system. This study comprises numerous research that sought to examine how the general public feels about the SSA's current healthcare system. In this review, common skin conditions, such as atopic dermatitis, buruli ulcers, dermatophytosis, and scabies, are addressed. According to this report, government agencies must pay particular attention to skin illnesses in SSA and raise public awareness. Availability of medical care, socioeconomic factors, degree of education, and other factors influence patients’ attitudes toward traditional and western health care differently in different geographic areas. Facts suggest that self-medication is the preference of the majority of patients before seeking dermatological care. The present study concludes that the magnitude of skin diseases is neglected or underestimated in many regions of SSA. Also, western healthcare facilities of many regions of SSA are not up to the mark. The present study recommends that proper access to the health care system and awareness about skin diseases through various government programs can be helpful in the regulation of skin disorders among people of SSA.
An Overview of Medicinal Importance, Pharmacological Activities and
Analytical Aspects of Fraxin from Cortex fraxinus
Authors: Patel Dinesh Kumar , Patel Kanika
Published: September 2022

Background:

Medicinal plants and their derived products have been used in the medical field for the treatment of human diseases from a very early age. Phytoproducts, including numerous pure phytoconstituents have been used for the treatment of human health complications. Coumarin is a pure phytoconstituent of benzopyrone family derivatives. Fraxin is a coumarin glucoside found to be present in the bark of Fraxinus excelsior L. Fraxin has numerous physiological functions in medicine mainly due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, hepatoprotective and analgesic activity.

Methods:

The present review mainly focuses on the medicinal importance, pharmacological activities and analytical aspects of fraxin. Pharmacological activities of fraxin have been reviewed in the present work through literature data analysis of different scientific research works. Analytical methods developed for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of fraxin in herbal drugs have been reviewed in the present work through scientific data analysis of different research works. Electronic databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar and Scopus have been searched in the present work in order to collect scientific information on fraxin.

Results:

Present paper summarized the biological importance, therapeutic benefit and pharmacological activities of fraxin in medicine. Scientific data analysis of different literature work revealed the biological importance and therapeutic benefit of fraxin in medicine. The biological importance of fraxin in medicine was mainly due to its significant effect on acute respiratory distress syndrome, hepatotoxicity, inflammation, oxidative stress, acute kidney injury, osteoarthritis, liver damage and tumor. Further pharmacokinetic data on fraxin were also collected and discussed in the present work to know the plasma drug concentration profile of fraxin. Analytical data of the present paper will be beneficial for the development of newer and effective analytical tools for the quantitative estimation of fraxin in different biological samples. However, scientific experiments on fraxin in the clinical use should be developed to scientifically validate the medicinal uses of fraxin.

Conclusion:

Present paper will be beneficial to all the scientific people in the biological field to know the therapeutic benefit of fraxin against various forms of human disorders.
Catur Marga value in optimizing medical role for handling COVID-19 patients
Authors: Sukerata I Wayan , Triguna Ida Bagus Gde Yudha , Paramartha Wayan
Published: September 2022

Religious values such as Catur Marga, namely Bhakti Marga, Karma Marga, Jnana Marga, and Raja Marga are needed to be guidelines for humans in carrying out their professions, including the health profession. The Catur Marga values provide guidance and regulate that human beings are on the path to attaining physical and spiritual well-being and happiness in this world and the hereafter, as well as accommodating all positive values that exist in all aspects of life that are needed by humans, including health, safety and security. This study generally aims to examine the Catur Marga value, the causal factors and the implications of the Catur Marga value in optimizing the role of medical personnel when handling COVID-19 patients at the Klungkung Regency General Hospital.
Patron-clients in rice production process
Authors: Massenga Talitha Wenifrida
Published: September 2022

The presence of rice milling entrepreneurs in the lowland rice production process has a strong influence so that rice farmers depend on entrepreneurs and it is difficult to get out of the patron-client relationship that has been built by the two. Entrepreneurs are present as "saviors" of the farmers in the context of socio-economic problems where farmers lack capital in the process of producing lowland rice and to meet urgent daily needs. The purpose of this study is to describe the patron-client relationship that occurs in the production process of lowland rice farming using descriptive qualitative research methods. As a research strategy, a case study was used on rice milling entrepreneurs and lowland rice farmers in Mopuya Utara II Village, Dumoga Utara District, Bolaang Mongondow Regency, North Sulawesi Province. The results of this study indicated that the dependence of farmers on rice mill entrepreneurs was built through a long friendship process and a sense of reluctance in which the entrepreneurs were considered "saviors" because they provided social security to farmers even though in reality entrepreneurs got bigger profits.
-=SUP=-15-=/SUP=-N isotope enrichment of the atomic nitrogen component in atomic-molecular exchange reactions in the post-discharge zone
Authors: Gudenko S. V.  , Gorshunov N. M.
Published: September 2022

A kinetic model is presented that explains the more than thirty-fold enrichment of the atomic nitrogen component with the 15N isotope in the post-discharge zone. Isotopic enrichment is due to the activation nature of the exchange reaction of atoms with vibrationally excited nitrogen molecules, the upper vibrational levels of which are enriched with molecules containing a heavier isotope during non-equilibrium vibrational-vibrational exchange. The dependences of the concentrations of 14N and 15N atoms on the time of nitrogen flow through a quartz tube emerging from the region of a pulsed electric discharge are obtained. In addition to exchange, the model took into account the dissociation of molecules, the recombination of atoms, and the loss of the vibrational energy of molecules on the surface of the tube. The obtained dependence of the increase in the ratio of the concentrations of 15N to 14N atoms on the time of nitrogen flow through the post-discharge zone satisfactorily describes the experimental data published earlier and obtained in this work. Keywords: Trinor distribution, gas excitation regime, inverse population.
Investigation of gas temperature field in the pulsed electric discharge trace
Authors: Lashkov V. A.  , Dobrov Yu. V.  , Renev M. E.  , Mashek I. Ch.  , Dzhaichibekov N. Zh.  , Shalabayeva B. S.
Published: September 2022

This article devoted to the study of gas heating in the region of an electric interelectrode discharge. The dynamics of local heating is studied using numerical methods and experimentally using an interferometer. The research results make it possible to evaluate the change in the temperature distribution in the cross section of the discharge track, the dynamics of the maximum heating temperature and the size of the heated area. Keywords: pulsed interelectrode discharge, low-temperature plasma, gas heating.
Features of polymorphic transformation during heating and cooling of cobalt
Authors: L. V. Spivak  , N.E. Shchepina
Published: September 2022

Differential scanning calorimetry was used to study the regularities of polymorphic α↔β-transformation in polycrystalline cobalt. The value of the activation energy of the α->β-transformation during heating of cobalt (290-50 kJ/mol), enthalpy and entropy, depending on the thermal history of the metal, is determined. It is shown that the mechanisms of recrystallization under heating are closer to the first-order I phase transformations. When cooling under conditions of limited diffusion mobility of cobalt atoms, recrystallization is apparently carried out due to the passage of several diffusion-free mechanisms of phase transformation, implemented in close temperature ranges. Keywords: activation energy, cobalt, calorimetry, polymorphism, enthalpy, entropy.
Modification of a standard Al-BSF solar cell line into PERC using PECVD
Authors: Klinovitskaya I. A.  , Plotnikov S. V.  , Lay P. M. L.
Published: September 2022

This study is devoted to comprehensive study of the physical and electrical properties of solar cells manufactured on the basis of the Kazakhstan multicrystalline silicon of solar grade (SoG-Si). The study applied: 4-point resistance measurement method, a method of microwave detected photoconductive decay (?-PCD), a method of Light Beam Induced Current (LBIC), methods for spectrometric analysis of reflection, transmission and photoluminescence coefficients, scanning electron microscopy, and methods for analyzing current-voltage characteristics. The batches of Al-BSF and PERC photovoltaic converters based on Kazakhstani silicon were manufactured and analyzed. To improve efficiency, the study proposes a modification of a standard Al-BSF production line to a PERC line using PECVD. Keywords: solar cell, silicon, efficiency, Al-BSF, PERC, solar cell production, PECVD.
Heat sink efficiency investigation of silicon-on-diamond composite substrates for gallium nitride-based devices
Authors: Ezubchenko I. S.  , Chernykh M. Y.  , Chernykh I. A.  , Andreev A. A.  , Mayboroda I. O.  , Kolobkova E. M.  , Khrapovitskaya Yu. V.  , Grishchenko J. V.  , Perminov P. A.  , Zanaveskin M. L.
Published: September 2022

In this work, thermometric measurements of gallium nitride-based ungated transistors on silicon-on-diamond composite substrates are performed. Their heat sink efficiency is compared with transistors made by standard technology on a silicon carbide substrates. Reducing of the surface temperature by more than 50oC using new type of silicon-on-diamond composite substrates at dissipation power above 7 W is shown. The proposed approach is promising for increasing the output power and reliability of gallium nitride-based devices. Keywords: gallium nitride, heat sink, diamond, dissipation power.
Synthesis and diameter distribution approach of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes array
Authors: Lyanguzov N. V.  , Nikitina E. V.  , Sim V. S.
Published: September 2022

Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes arrays were synthesized via catalytic chemical vapor deposition technique. An opportunity to decreasing of acetylene as a carbon precursor contain down to 0.2% was demonstrated. An iron acetate as an alternative catalyst was proposed. Diameters of carbon nanotubes were estimated by them Raman spectra. Considering resonant behavior of radial breathing modes and them significant environment influencing, an approach based on a profile analyzing of G-band was offered to revel of nanotubes diameter distribution features. Keywords: carbon nanotubes, chemical vapor deposition, Raman spectroscopy, radial breathing modes, G-band.
Thermophysical and mechanical properties of active membranes for photoacoustic generators of forced acoustic oscillations
Authors: Mikitchuk A. P.  , Girshova E. I.  , Kugeiko M. M.
Published: September 2022

Thermophysical and mechanical properties of active membranes for photoacoustic generators of forced acoustic oscillations are studied. Dependencies of photoacoustic generators output characteristics versus active membranes for forced acoustic oscillations are found out for different heat power densities within the structures studied. Keywords: Photoacoustic generator, forced acoustic oscillations, linear oscillations, full width at half maximum, active membrane.
Assessment of Flow Fluctuation Pressure Models for Simulating the Cavitating Flow
Authors: Le A. D.  , Ngoc L. L.  , Viet A. T.  , Tran H. T.
Published: September 2022

A numerical study is performed to simulate the cavitating flow, evaluating the applicability of different flow fluctuation pressure (FFP) models such as the Singhai FFT model, the modified Singhal FFT model, the shear strain model, and the present shear strain-vorticity model. The axisymmetric blunt-body with the availability of experimental data is selected for the simulation purpose. According to the results, the first three FFP models produce nearly similar pressure coefficient Cp distribution on the blunt-body. On the other hand, the numerical results indicate the influence of both turbulent shear strain rate and the vorticity in the flow. A slightly better prediction of the cavitation mechanisms such as the flow parameter Cp and cavity length is thus produced with the present shear strain-vorticity model. Keywords: Cavitation, turbulent fluctuation, shear strain, voticity, homogeneous model.
Relationship between the Structural-Phase Composition and the Fracture Mechanism of High-Strength Contruction Steel
Authors: Aref'eva L. P.  , Duka V. V.  , Zabiyaka I. Y.
Published: September 2022

In this work, the fracture surface of a 1.0481 steel sample having a layered ferrite-martensitic structure after special heat treatment was studied by optical and scanning electron microscopy. The samples were subjected to a shock-bending test at negative temperature. A sample made of the same steel with a homogeneous martensitic structure was used for comparative analysis. The features of the destruction mechanisms of the studied samples are described. Keywords: construction steel, layered structure, fracture surface, visco-brittle mechanism, impact strength.
Electronic neuron-like generator with excitable and self-oscillating modes on the basis of phase-locked loop
Authors: Bolshakov D. I.  , MIshchenko M. A.  , Matrosov V. V.  , Sysoev I. V.
Published: September 2022

Experimental implementation of neuron-like generator on the basis of phase-locked loop (PLL) with band-pass filter is proposed. The generator is able to generate oscillations that are typical for neuronal dynamics like spikes and bursts, both regular and chaotic, and demonstrate excitable (non-oscillating) behavior. Excitable mode is typical for the most of brain neurons that remains silent until activated by external signal. Previous PLL-based neuron-like models couldn't demonstrate excitable dynamics. Therefore, the proposed neuron-like generator could be a basic block for electronic spiking neural networks to mimic brain neural networks. Keywords: electronic neuron, generator, excitation of oscillations, phase-locked loop.
Size quantization and charge instability in colloidal quantum dots of narrow-gap semiconductors
Authors: Sergeev S. A.  , Gavrikov M. V.  , Zhukov N. D.
Published: September 2022

According to the current-voltage characteristics (CVC) and absorption spectra of colloidal quantum dots QD-InSb, -PbS, -HgSe on random samples, the manifestations of charge instability appear in the form of single current peaks and quasi-periodic deviations from the monotonic dependence of the CVC, are determined and studied. The results are explained by dimensional electron quantization in the model of a deep extended potential well and depending on the ratios of the quantization size and the de Broglie wavelength for an electron. It is assumed that the manifestation of Bloch oscillations has been experimentally confirmed. The data on the studied processes are determined and summarized in a table. Keywords: Quantum dot, nanocrystal, size quantization, quantum selection, Coulomb constraint, Bloch oscillations.
Temperature dependences of the interlayer exchange constant of three-layer FeNi/Dy/FeNi films studied by the resonance method
Authors: Vazhenina I.G.  , Stolyar S.V.  , Yakovchuk V.Y.  , Rautskii M.V.  , Iskhakov R.S.
Published: September 2022

Three-layer FeNi/Dy/FeNi films were studied by ferromagnetic resonance method in the temperature range from 4 to 300 K. The acoustic and optical peaks recorded in microwave spectra demonstrate the presence of exchange coupling between the ferromagnetic FeNi layers of the planar system and allow us to establish the sign and value of the constant of the interlayer exchange interaction. Temperature dependences of the interlayer exchange interaction constant for three-layer films with intermediate layer thicknesses Dy 5 and 10 nm show a number of features (change in sign and extremum point), which reflect transformations of the magnetic structure Dy. Keywords: interlayer exchange coupling, helical magnetic structure, ferromagnetic resonance, three-layer films.
Improving the efficiency of photopiezoelectric induction acoustic waves in semi-insulating single crystals of gallium arsenide
Authors: Mitrokhin V. I.  , Krivenko N. N.  , Loginov V. A.  , Zhelezny S. V.
Published: September 2022

The work is devoted to the analysis of the influence of acoustic losses on the efficiency of inducing resonant acoustic waves in single-crystal gallium arsenide plastids using infrared light pulses. It is established that the amplitude of the excited mechanical vibrations depends on the magnitude and position of the internal friction in the crystal on the temperature scale due to acousto-electronic relaxation. Recommendations on the choice of the element of the alloying admixture of gallium arsenide are formulated. Keywords: optical absorption, piezoelectric effect, relaxation, optical pulses.
Research of heat transfer processes in hydrogels by holographic interferometry and gradient thermometry
Authors: Zakharov N.S.  , Pokusaev B.G.  , Vyazmin A.V.  , Nekrasov D.A.  , Sulyagina O.A.  , Moshin A.A.
Published: September 2022

The study of natural convection in structured optically transparent materials using pure and combined agarose-gelatin gels was carried out by optical holography. The article presents data on visualization of the occurrence and development of convective flows in such gels with non-stationary conductive heating from below. The similarities and differences of the conditions of heat transfer and the occurrence of convection in structured materials and droplet liquids are analyzed. For the first time experimentally obtained data on the effect of two interpenetrating and interacting structured media on the transition from conductive to convective heat transfer. Keywords: natural convection in gels, optical holography, hydrogels, three-dimensional bioprinting.
High latitude geocompass
Authors: Shulgin V. A.
Published: September 2022

An autonomous navigation system for orientation on the surface, under water, and under the surface of the Earth is considered. The passive location of the Earths rotation axis is carried out by the vector of the geocompasss radiation pattern during angular scanning of space. A solid-state design of a geocompass is proposed and implemented, in which the deformations of the medium under the action of an alternating acoustic field and field of the Earths Coriolis acceleration form the diagram vector. Experimental space scanning confirms the formation of a direction vector coinciding with the orthogonal to the Earths rotation axis, which makes it possible to qualify the device as a geocompass oriented at high latitudes to the geographic pole. Keywords: Coriolis acceleration, Earths rotation, acoustics, navigation.
Effective Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 Catalyst for Methanol Production: Synthesis, Activation, Catalytic Performance, and Regeneration
Authors: Ezhov Alexander , Kottsov Sergey , Levin Ivan , Zhilyaeva Natalya , Galkin Roman , Belostotsky Igor , Volnina Elvira , Kipnis Mikhail
Published: September 2022

A precursor CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst for methanol synthesis has been prepared at room temperature by introducing a ternary salt solution into the excess of sodium carbonate solution following the reverse co-precipitation method. The catalyst was tested for the synthesis of methanol from synthesis gas. The composition (vol. %) has been presented: CO, 22; CO2, 5.8; N2, 5.5; H2, balance. The methanol productivity was recorded to be 2.7 kg kgcat–1 h–1 at a temperature of 260 °С, a pressure of 3 MPa, and a space velocity of 61,700 l (kgcat)–1 h–1. The possibility of regenerating the activity of a catalyst subjected to conditions of artificial aging (overheating in a syngas environment) has been tested: approximately 92% of the initial activity could be restored. Physicochemical studies were conducted using the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques using the Cu, Zn, and Al oxides obtained following the co-precipitation method. X-ray studies revealed that an amorphous phase was obtained from the Al oxide that was synthesized following both the direct and reverse co-precipitation methods. The calcination temperature was 300 °C. Individual oxides of Cu and Zn obtained following the reverse co-precipitation method form crystalline phases when calcined at 300 °C. When all three ingredients are present, calcination of the sample at 300 °C helps obtain an X-ray amorphous structure of the catalyst characterized by a high specific surface area. High-temperature carbonates are formed from samples prepared using a ternary mixture of nitrate salts when these are calcined at 300 °C.
Exploring Chronic Pain and Pain Management Perspectives: Qualitative Pilot Analysis of Web-Based Health Community Posts (Preprint)
Authors: Harter Claire , Ness Marina , Goldin Aleah , Lee Christine , Merenda Christine , Riberdy Anne , Saha Anindita , Araojo Richardae , Tarver Michelle
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND

Patient perspectives are central to the US Food and Drug Administration’s benefit-risk decision-making process in the evaluation of medical products. Traditional channels of communication may not be feasible for all patients and consumers. Social media websites have increasingly been recognized by researchers as a means to gain insights into patients’ views about treatment and diagnostic options, the health care system, and their experiences living with their conditions. Consideration of multiple patient perspective data sources offers the Food and Drug Administration the opportunity to capture diverse patient voices and experiences with chronic pain.

OBJECTIVE

This pilot study explores posts from a web-based patient platform to gain insights into the key challenges and barriers to treatment faced by patients with chronic pain and their caregivers.

METHODS

This research compiles and analyzes unstructured patient data to draw out the key themes. To extract relevant posts for this study, predefined keywords were identified. Harvested posts were published between January 1, 2017, and October 22, 2019, and had to include #ChronicPain and at least one other relevant disease tag, a relevant chronic pain management tag, or a chronic pain management tag for a treatment or activity specific to chronic pain.

RESULTS

The most common topics discussed among persons living with chronic pain were related to disease burden, the need for support, advocacy, and proper diagnosis. Patients’ discussions focused on the negative impact chronic pain had on their emotions, playing sports, or exercising, work and school, sleep, social life, and other activities of daily life. The 2 most frequently discussed treatments were opioids or narcotics and devices such as transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation machines and spinal cord stimulators.

CONCLUSIONS

Social listening data may provide valuable insights into patients’ and caregivers’ perspectives, preferences, and unmet needs, especially when conditions may be highly stigmatized.
Representation of History and Culture in Amitav Ghosh’s The Circle of Reason and The Shadow Lines
Authors: R Dr Meghana Rao , Devasoth Shankar
Published: September 2022

Indian English fiction scholars portray history and culture and their encounters in man centric social orders with a profound thoughtful comprehension. Ghosh’s set of experiences and culture are depicted delicately and truth be told they are the main spirits in his fiction. He depicts their social development. Amitav Ghosh never presents his women characters as obvious extremist women’s activists nor as the generalization pictures of Sita and Savitri. His portrayal of women is basically sensible. Through his portrayal of women in his novels, Amitav Ghosh has strived to investigate the close to home universe of culture that assists the readers with figuring out the inferior to reasonableness as well as their critical research. In The Shadow Lines history and culture is being addressed as gutsy as men since they battle the difficulties of livelihood, destitution unfairness. In the novel The Circle of Reason characters are that of an extraordinary progressive, with solid patriot sentiments. The tendency of the post present day Indian English creator is to flabbergast a great many whimsical portrayals and categorisations with the result that unquestionable lines and cut off points between the designs, as well as blissful of an insightful work are speedy disappearing. Amitav Ghosh mirrors the states of history and culture in his books. Ghosh follows the development of the way of life and world from the generalizations to the orientation segregation. His women characters are depicted as life providers and are the main spirits of his fiction. He depicts history and culture and its involvement in thoughtful comprehension. This paper concentrates on the portrayal of culture and history in select novels of Amitav Ghosh of his The Shadow Lines and The Circle of Reason. In these two novels, Ghosh visualizes a future where custom will prompt the liberating changes in the bigger social issues. The research paper also portrays the existence of three age across societies and boundaries. In this present paper, I additionally would examine philosophical components, women’s struggle against man centric culture, orientation talk and status of women in the general public.
Displacement and Tribal Livelihood in Mining Areas of Keonjhar District in Odisha
Authors: Dash Dr. Ashutosh Dash
Published: September 2022

Land is not only a tangible asset but is the mainstay of most of the rural folks as they are dependent on agriculture and allied activities. The tribal economy is also primarily agro-based and they have emotional attachment to land. But, with the opening of the tribal areas, the tribal land is being alienated to the non-tribals. Consequently, a large number of tribal cultivators have been rendered landless labourers. Decrease in the number of cultivators and increase in the number of landless labourers indicates the disturbing trend of land alienation. Shifting cultivation as the earliest form of agriculture continues to be predominantly practiced by the tribals. Though it has its own merits and demerits, it has become a way of life with them. The Constitution of India provides certain provisions to protect the interests of the Scheduled Tribes, which will also be discussed in this unit. The present study reveals the overall scenario of tribal belt with mining affected areas in Keonjhar district of Odisha and its present livelihoods in the displacement process due to land alienation.
Image Encryption using AES Algorithm: Study and Evaluation
Authors: Shete Pratiksha , Kohle Surekha
Published: September 2022

Abstract: Image security is important these days as data is increasing a lot. These data can be images, videos, text, audio, etc. so to protect these images from attackers who can destroy the image quality or modify the images, some technologies like AES, DES, RSA, etc. have been invented. With the generation, data security has also become an essential issue. Considering these issues, the proposed technique ensures confidentiality, integrity, and authentication. Using these techniques, the host can encrypt and decrypt the image and can keep the digital images safe. When AES was chosen 16 years ago, digital technology was completely different from today and the scale of challenges was smaller, so with recent advanced technology and the emergence of new applications such as Big Data applications, in addition to applications running with 64-bit and many other applications have become necessary to design a new current algorithm for current requirements. Advanced Encryption Algorithm (AES) is a symmetric algorithm, which we will further discuss in detail in our research, and in addition to new recommendations for future work, a list of shortcomings and vulnerabilities of the internal structure of the AES algorithm will be diagnosed.
Credit Card Fraud Detection using Various Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Songa Akhil , Tetali Sri Teja Kumar Reddy , Raavi Naga Sai Tanmai
Published: September 2022

Abstract: Detecting credit card fraud is probably the most typical problem in the modern day. This is due to a growth in digital shopping as well as electronic-commerce platforms. As digitalization gains popularity in this current world, people are choosing online payment methods for time and transportation ease, among other reasons.Credit card fraud has increased significantly as a result of the tremendous growth in e-commerce use. Fraudsters attempt to exploit the card and the transparency of online payments. Credit card fraud often occurs whenever the card is taken/stolen or when the details of the card are known. As a result, countering fraudsters' activities has become critical. In the modern world, people are facing loads of credit card issues. There are various techniques and Machine Learning Algorithms to overcome this problem such as using Logistic Regression, XgBoost, Naïve Bayesian, K- Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Decision Tree, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine (SVM) etc.The central goal is to safeguard electronic payments, allowing people to use e-banking safely and easily.
Handwritten Mathematical Expression Solver using CNN
Authors: Patil Abhiruchi , Varma Teena
Published: September 2022

Abstract: Mathematics is the universal language. It is the core of all the scientific discoveries and is used extensively in all possible fields. Hence, there arises the need for fast computation and instant results. This has led to the development of various technologies and machines which would ease the strain on humans and also reduce the error and delays caused by them. Our project caters to these needs by reducing the effort on user side. We want to make the experience of experimenting with equations as simple as possible. The application is capable of performing fast calculations on human handwritten mathematical expressions. Basic calculations like arithmetic and trigonometric functions can be done along with simultaneous equations. The expression is extracted from the image and each character, symbol and number is recognised and then the entire expression is further being solved displaying all possible solutions. The application developed is simple and user-friendly tool that can leverage the power of existing powerful math packages.
HORMESE, ENVELHECIMENTO E TOXICIDADE: ESTADO DA ARTE
Authors: Fukushima André Rinaldi , Silva Sarah Cristina Gozzi e , Araujo Iago Portolani de , Muñoz Juliana Weckx Peña , Santos Diana Madureira dos
Published: September 2022

O envelhecimento é um processo natural e progressivo, o qual acomete aspectos do individuo de forma holística. Um organismo envelhecido, em condições normais, poderá sobreviver adequadamente, porém, quando submetido a situações de stress toxicológico, físico, emocional, entre outros, pode apresentar dificuldades em manter a sua homeostase e levando o mesmo a desencadear o mecanismo de hormese. A Hormese deriva do grego “hormaein” que significa “excitar”. Em sua primeira definição foi descrita como um comportamento bifásico, ou seja, uma habilidade biológica que pode ser modificada por baixas doses de um xenobiótico, mas inibida por doses elevadas do mesmo, ela foi proposta como uma explicação para alterações na homeostase. Uma das teorias mais bem aceitas relacionadas ao envelhecimento é a teoria dos radicais livres. Além dos radicais livres outros xenobióticos podem estar intrinsecamente correlacionados a senescência de células nervosas, como drogas de abuso, medicamentos de uso continuo, toxinas e fármacos, entre outros. Este artigo vislumbra apresentar de forma cientifica uma revisão bibliográfica sistemática, trazendo os temas hormese, envelhecimento e toxicologia correlacionados as áreas da saúde, toxicologia e regulação, mostrando o equivoco de fundamental na natureza quando são avaliadas respostas apenas observando a tríade dose x resposta x exposição. Durante as primeiras décadas do século XX este erro foi o resultado de múltiplos fatores, incluindo o conflito entre homeopatia e medicina tradicional, além disso, as avaliações das respostas da dose hormética são de difícil interpretação, exigindo mais atenção e abstração quanto comparado aos modelos lineares, tradicionalmente aceitos pela maioria da comunidade cientifica. O conceito hormese ajuda os pesquisadores a abordar melhor forma de respostas a baixa dose, mostrando que existe capacidade de adaptação dos organismos e podendo abrir um novo olhar sobre o início doenças degenerativas crônicas e gerando quebra de paradigmas no que tange essa ótica.

Palavras chave: Envelhecimento. Hormese. Toxicidade.
INFLUÊNCIA DA TEMPERATURA NOS EFEITOS DO INSETICIDA CARBARIL EM GIRINOS DE RÃ TOURO (LITHOBATES CATESBEIANUS).
Authors: Alves de Almeida Eduardo , Abel Gustavo , Grott Suelen , Bitschinski Daiane , Grasmuk Nicole , Polido da Silva Sabrina , Carneiro Francisco
Published: September 2022

Inseticidas carbamatos, como o carbaril, exercem efeitos tóxicos em animais por inibirem a atividade de B-esterases, tais como a acetilcolinesterase (AChE) e carboxilesterase (CbE). Carbamatos usados na agricultura podem atingir os ambientes aquáticos afetando organismos não-alvo, tais como animais aquáticos. Anfíbios anuros são particularmente sensíveis aos efeitos de agrotóxicos, por apresentarem fase inicial de vida totalmente aquática e muitas vezes limitada a ambientes próximos à agricultura. Variações na temperatura da água exercem efeitos importantes nas respostas dos organismos às intoxicações, pois alteram a concentração do oxigênio dissolvido na água, as reações metabólicas e a ventilação das brânquias. No presente trabalho, foram caracterizadas as atividades da AChE e da CbE em girinos de rã touro (Lithobates catesbeianus), obtendo-se condições ótimas de ensaio das atividades das enzimas por espectrofotometria e em géis de eletroforese. Foram também caracterizadas as sensibilidades das duas enzimas à inibição pelo carbamato carbaril em testes in vitro, sendo constatado que a AChE é mais sensível que a CbE. Posteriormente, animais foram expostos à duas concentrações (10 e 100 ug/L) do carbaril, por 10 dias, e sob três diferentes temperaturas (20, 25 e 30º C). Em nenhum dos grupos foi observada inibição significativa da AChE ou da CbE; porém esta última aumentou de atividade nos grupos expostos à maior concentração do carbaril nas duas menores temperaturas. Apesar dos efeitos in vitro, os experimentos in vivo demonstraram que os girinos de rã touro apresentam mecanismos eficazes para evitar ou compensar eventuais inibições de suas esterases pelo carbaril.
A RELAÇÃO ENTRE TABAGISMO E DOENÇAS DE PELE
Authors: Sá Veida da Silva , Bachur Tatiana Paschoalette Rodrigues
Published: September 2022

O tabagismo representa importante fator de adoecimento e agravamento de doenças em vários órgãos e sistemas orgânicos, podendo acarretar o acometimento de alterações dermatológicas. A presente pesquisa bibliográfica teve como objetivo verificar a relação entre tabagismo e desenvolvimento de doenças de pele, compilando informações sobre as relações positivas e negativas entre as dermatopatias e o tabagismo. Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa da literatura composta pela análise de 19 artigos selecionados a partir das bases de dados MEDLINE e LILACS a partir da utilização dos seguintes descritores e suas combinações: tobacco, “tobacco use”, “tobacco use disorder”, smoking” e “skin diseases”. Os critérios de inclusão para a seleção consistiram em: artigos originais publicados nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol, com ano de publicação entre 2000 e 2020, disponíveis na íntegra nas respectivas bases de dados e com temática referente ao assunto estudado. A análise dos artigos revelou que o hábito do fumo está relacionado a patologias dermatológicas como psoríase, dermatite atópica, alopecia e eczema vesicular. Contudo, as evidências não são exclusivamente sobre efeitos deletérios do tabagismo, sendo citadas patologias que se beneficiam de efeitos protetores dos componentes do cigarro comum e seus derivados. Essa causalidade é explicada, embora superficialmente, por efeitos imunológicos e endocrinológicos, entre outros, relacionados ao uso do cigarro. Existem implicações entre o consumo de cigarros e a interferência em mecanismos fisiopatológicos de diversas doenças dermatológicas. Assim, pacientes que possuem hábito de fumar, devem ser acompanhados pelo serviço de dermatologia sempre que possível.
Isolasi dan Skrining Aktivitas Antibakteri Fungi Tanah Muara Desa Katialada Gorontalo Lokasi Satu terhadap Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Rohmatillah Wilda Nur , Arifin Muhammad Zainul , Tauladani Saeful Akhmad , Muharam Gani Asri , Asia Asia , Pratoko Dwi Koko , Nugraha Ari Satia
Published: September 2022

The emergence of antibiotic resistance becomes a barrier in controlling infectious diseases, so it is necessary to find new alternative antibiotics. This study aimed to explore the potential of estuarine soil fungals secondary metabolites isolated from Katialada Village Gorontalo Location One and test their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterial parameter observed was the percent inhibition of ethyl acetate extracts against Staphylococcus aureus. The estuarine soil samples were cultured in PDA media producing five single fungal isolates differentiated based on color morphology, texture, and shape coded IS2-BTG-4.1.1, IS2-BTG-4.1.2, IS1-BTG-4.2, IS2-BTG4.3.1, and IS2-BTG-4.3.2. Those five samples were fermented using PDB media and the fermented products were extracted with ethyl acetate. The extracts were screened for its compound using a TLC plate and antibacterial testing with a single concentration of 100 g/mL in the microdilution method. The screening results showed that the five ethyl acetate extracts contained terpenoid compounds and code IS2-BTG-4.3.2 also had alkaloids. Based on the antibacterial test results, the five ethyl acetate extracts had growth inhibitory activity on the Staphylococcus aureus, with the percentage showed by IS2-BTG-4.1.1 50,2% ± 14,8%, IS2-BTG-4.1.2 35,6% ± 12,9%, IS1-BTG-4.2 13,0% ± 7,3%, IS2-BTG-4.3.1 13,6% ± 6,0%, and IS2-BTG-4.3.2 by 12,4% ± 9,2%.
Exclusión pilórica con dispositivo Ovesco (over-thescope) en caso de fístula yeyunal en obstrucción duodenal de etiología maligna
Authors: Pinilla Morales Raul Eduardo , Facundo Navia Helena , Sánchez Cortés Elio Fabio , Jiménez Lafourie Ivette C. , Sánchez Hernández Álvaro Eduardo , Llorente Portillo Luis Carlos
Published: September 2022

Se reporta el caso de un hombre de 25 años con diagnóstico de tumor de células germinales no seminomatoso que ingresó a urgencias por cuadro clínico de dolor abdominal difuso asociado con distensión y múltiples episodios eméticos. Ante la sospecha clínica de obstrucción intestinal se realizó una tomografía abdominal contrastada que mostró una obstrucción en la tercera porción duodenal por compresión extrínseca ocasionada por múltiples conglomerados retroperitoneales.
Se decidió el tiempo quirúrgico para una derivación gastrointestinal en la que se realizó una gastroyeyunoanastomosis por técnica convencional; hacia el quinto día posoperatorio presentó un deterioro clínico dado por episodios febriles, dolor abdominal y taquicardia. Se realizó una nueva tomografía abdominal que reportó una colección intraabdominal en el flanco izquierdo de 12 x 12 x 5 cm secundaria a proceso fistuloso yeyunal, se realizó un manejo de la colección con drenaje percutáneo por radiología intervencionista y alojamiento de catéteres de drenaje, y se realizó una esofagogastroduodenoscopia con el fin de ejecutar una técnica de exclusión pilórica con dispositivo Ovesco (over-the-scope) como manejo de la fístula yeyunal, con la que se obtuvo éxito técnico.
Durante el posoperatorio se realizó como seguimiento una radiografía de vías digestivas que confirmó la no continuidad pilórica con adecuada permeabilidad de la gastroyeyunoanastomosis, y una tomografía abdominal contrastada que mostró una disminución de la colección intraabdominal sin extravasaciones del medio de contraste.
El desenlace favorable de este caso sugiere la utilidad del dispositivo Ovesco en casos de fístulas del tracto gastrointestinal proximal, sobre todo en aquellos pacientes con múltiples comorbilidades o mal estado general que se favorecen de procedimientos mínimamente invasivos que disminuyan el riesgo de desenlace fatal.