bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Origin of Parity Violation in Polarized Dust Emission and Implications for Cosmic Birefringence
Authors: Clark S. E. , Kim Chang-Goo , Hill J. Colin , Hensley Brandon S.
Published: September 2021

Recent measurements of Galactic polarized dust emission have found a nonzero TB signal, a correlation between the total intensity and the B-mode polarization component. We present evidence that this parity-odd signal is driven by the relative geometry of the magnetic field and the filamentary interstellar medium in projection. Using neutral hydrogen morphology and Planck polarization data, we find that the angle between intensity structures and the plane-of-sky magnetic field orientation is predictive of the signs of Galactic TB and EB. Our results suggest that magnetically misaligned filamentary dust structures introduce nonzero TB and EB correlations in the dust polarization, and that the intrinsic dust EB can be predicted from measurements of dust TB and TE over the same sky mask. We predict correlations between TE, TB, EB, and EE/BB, and confirm our predictions using synthetic dust polarization maps from magnetohydrodynamic simulations. We introduce and measure a scale-dependent effective magnetic misalignment angle,

ψ

ℓ

dust

∼
5
°

for 100 ≲ ℓ ≲ 500, and predict a positive intrinsic dust EB with amplitude

D

ℓ

EB

≲
2.5

μ

K

CMB

2

for the same multipole range at 353 GHz over our sky mask. Both the sign and amplitude of the Galactic EB signal can change with the sky area considered. Our results imply that searches for parity violation in the cosmic microwave background must account for the nonzero Galactic EB and TB signals, necessitating revision of existing analyses of the evidence for cosmic birefringence.
On the Nature of AGN and Star Formation Enhancement in the z = 3.1 SSA22 Protocluster: The HST WFC3 IR View
Authors: Monson Erik B. , Lehmer Bret D. , Doore Keith , Eufrasio Rafael T. , Bonine Brett , Alexander David M. , Harrison Chris M. , Kubo Mariko , Mantha Kameswara B. , Saez Cristian , Straughn Amber , Umehata Hideki
Published: September 2021

We examine possible environmental sources of the enhanced star formation and active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity in the z = 3.09 SSA22 protocluster using Hubble WFC3 F160W (∼1.6 μm) observations of the SSA22 field, including new observations centered on eight X-ray selected protocluster AGN. To investigate the role of mergers in the observed AGN and star formation enhancement, we apply both quantitative (Sérsic-fit and Gini–M
20) and visual morphological classifications to F160W images of protocluster Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs) in the fields of the X-ray AGN and z ∼ 3 field LBGs in SSA22 and GOODS-N. We find no statistically significant differences between the morphologies and merger fractions of protocluster and field LBGs, though we are limited by small number statistics in the protocluster. We also fit the UV-to-near-IR spectral energy distributions of F160W-detected protocluster and field LBGs to characterize their stellar masses and star formation histories. We find that the mean protocluster LBG is a factor of ∼2 times more massive and more attenuated than the mean z ∼ 3 field LBG. We take our results to suggest that ongoing mergers are not more common among protocluster LBGs than field LBGs, though protocluster LBGs appear to be more massive. We speculate that the larger mass of the protocluster LBGs contributes to the enhancement of SMBH mass and accretion rate in the protocluster, which in turn drives the observed protocluster AGN enhancement.
Massive Compact Disks around FU Orionis–type Young Eruptive Stars Revealed by ALMA
Authors: Kóspál Á. , Cruz-Sáenz de Miera F. , White J. A. , Ábrahám P. , Chen L. , Csengeri T. , Dong R. , Dunham M. M. , Fehér O. , Green J. D. , Hashimoto J. , Henning Th. , Hogerheijde M. , Kudo T. , Liu H. B. , Takami M. , Vorobyov E. I.
Published: September 2021

The FU Orionis–type objects (FUors) are low-mass pre-main-sequence stars undergoing a temporary but significant increase of mass accretion rate from the circumstellar disk onto the protostar. It is not yet clear what triggers the accretion bursts and whether the disks of FUors are in any way different from the disks of nonbursting young stellar objects. Motivated by this, we conducted a 1.3 mm continuum survey of 10 FUors and FUor-like objects with ALMA, using both the 7 m array and the 12 m array in two different configurations to recover emission at the widest possible range of spatial scales. We detected all targeted sources and several nearby objects as well. To constrain the disk structure, we fit the data with models of increasing complexity from 2D Gaussian to radiative transfer, enabling comparison with other samples modeled in a similar way. The radiative transfer modeling gives disk masses that are significantly larger than what is obtained from the measured millimeter fluxes assuming optically thin emission, suggesting that the FUor disks are optically thick at this wavelength. In comparison with samples of regular class II and class I objects, the disks of FUors are typically a factor of 2.9–4.4 more massive and a factor of 1.5–4.7 smaller in size. A significant fraction of them (65%–70%) may be gravitationally unstable.
Hot Subdwarf Atmospheric Parameters, Kinematics, and Origins Based on 1587 Hot Subdwarf Stars Observed in Gaia DR2 and LAMOST DR7
Authors: Luo Yangping , Németh Péter , Wang Kun , Wang Xi , Han Zhanwen
Published: September 2021

Based on the Gaia DR2 catalog of hot subdwarf star candidates, we identified 1587 hot subdwarf stars with spectra in LAMOST DR7. We present atmospheric parameters for these stars by fitting the LAMOST spectra with Tlusty/Synspec non-LTE synthetic spectra. Combining LAMOST radial velocities and Gaia Early Data Release 3 (EDR3) parallaxes and proper motions, we also present the Galactic space positions, velocity vectors, orbital parameters and the Galactic population memberships of the stars. With our He classification scheme, we identify four groups of He rich hot subdwarf stars in the T
eff − log g and T
eff − log(nHe/nH) diagrams. We find two extreme He-rich groups (eHe-1 and eHe-2) for stars with log(nHe/nH) ≥ 0 and two intermediate He-rich groups (iHe-1 and iHe-2) for stars with −1 ≤ log(nHe/nH) < 0. We also find that over half of the stars in Group eHe-1 are thick-disk stars, while over half of the stars in Group eHe-2 correspond to thin-disk stars. The disk population fractions of Group iHe-1 are between those of Group eHe-1 and eHe-2. Almost all of the stars in Group iHe-2 belong to the thin disk. These differences indicate that the four groups probably have very different origins. Comparisons between hot subdwarf stars in the halo and in the Galactic globular cluster ω Cen show that only He-deficient stars with −2.2 ≤ log(nHe/nH) < −1 have similar fractions. Hot subdwarfs with log(nHe/nH) ≥ 0 in ω Cen have no counterparts in the thick-disk and halo populations, but they appear in the thin disk.
Biological Data Standards – A primer for data managers
Authors: Benson Abigail , LaScala-Gruenewald Diana , McGuinn Robert , Satterthwaite Erin
Published: September 2021

While a bevy of standards exist for managers of biological data to use, biological science departments or projects could benefit from an easy to digest primer about biological data standards and the value they confer. Moreover, a quick visual breakdown comparing standards could help data managers choose those that best serve their needs. The Earth Science Information Partners (ESIP) is a nonprofit that enables and supports high quality virtual and in-person collaborations between cross-domain data professionals on common data challenges and opportunities, and is supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the United States Geological Survey (USGS). The ESIP Biological Data Standards Cluster has been developing a primer on existing biological data standards for managers of biological data who may be unaware of existing standards but need to improve management, analysis, and use of the biological observation data. The goal of this primer is to spread awareness about existing standards in a simple, aesthetically pleasing way. Our hope is that this primer, shared online and at conferences, will help increase the adoption of existing biological standards and help make data more Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR).
LifeWebs: A (global) database of bipartite ecological interaction networks
Authors: Butterill Philip , Jorge Leonardo , Xing Shuang , Fayle Tom
Published: September 2021

The structure and dynamics of ecological interactions are nowadays recognized as a crucial challenge to comprehend the assembly, functioning and maintenance of ecological communities, their processes and the services they provide. Nevertheless, while standards and databases for information on species occurrences, traits and phylogenies have been established, interaction networks have lagged behind on the development of these standards. Here, we discuss the challenges and our experiences in developing a global database of bipartite interaction networks.

LifeWebs*1 is an effort to compile community-level interaction networks from both published and unpublished sources. We focus on bipartite networks that comprise one specific type of interaction between two groups of species (e.g., plants and herbivores, hosts and parasites, mammals and their microbiota), which are usually presented in a co-occurrence matrix format. However, with LifeWebs, we attempt to go beyond simple matrices by integrating relevant metadata from the studies, especially sampling effort, explicit species information (traits and taxonomy/phylogeny), and environmental/geographic information on the communities.

Specifically, we explore 1) the unique aspects of community-level interaction networks when compared to data on single inter-specific interactions, occurrence data, and other biodiversity data and how to integrate these different data types. 2) The trade-off between user friendliness in data input/output vs. machine-readable formats, especially important when data contributors need to provide large amounts of data usually compiled in a non-machine-readable format. 3) How to have a single framework that is general enough to include disparate interaction types while retaining all the meaningful information.

We envision LifeWebs to be in a good position to test a general standard for interaction network data, with a large variety of already compiled networks that encompass different types of interactions. We provide a framework for integration with other types of data, and formalization of the data necessary to represent networks into established biodiversity standards.
Machine Learning as a Service for DiSSCo’s Digital Specimen Architecture
Authors: Grieb Jonas , Weiland Claus , Hardisty Alex , Addink Wouter , Islam Sharif , Younis Sohaib , Schmidt Marco
Published: September 2021

International mass digitization efforts through infrastructures like the European Distributed System of Scientific Collections (DiSSCo), the US resource for Digitization of Biodiversity Collections (iDigBio), the National Specimen Information Infrastructure (NSII) of China, and Australia’s digitization of National Research Collections (NRCA Digital) make geo- and biodiversity specimen data freely, fully and directly accessible.

Complementary, overarching infrastructure initiatives like the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) were established to enable mutual integration, interoperability and reusability of multidisciplinary data streams including biodiversity, Earth system and life sciences (De Smedt et al. 2020).

Natural Science Collections (NSC) are of particular importance for such multidisciplinary and internationally linked infrastructures, since they provide hard scientific evidence by allowing direct traceability of derived data (e.g., images, sequences, measurements) to physical specimens and material samples in NSC.

To open up the large amounts of trait and habitat data and to link these data to digital resources like sequence databases (e.g., ENA), taxonomic infrastructures (e.g., GBIF) or environmental repositories (e.g., PANGAEA), proper annotation of specimen data with rich (meta)data early in the digitization process is required, next to bridging technologies to facilitate the reuse of these data.

This was addressed in recent studies (Younis et al. 2018, Younis et al. 2020), where we employed computational image processing and artificial intelligence technologies (Deep Learning) for the classification and extraction of features like organs and morphological traits from digitized collection data (with a focus on herbarium sheets).

However, such applications of artificial intelligence are rarely—this applies both for (sub-symbolic) machine learning and (symbolic) ontology-based annotations—integrated in the workflows of NSC’s management systems, which are the essential repositories for the aforementioned integration of data streams.

This was the motivation for the development of a Deep Learning-based trait extraction and coherent Digital Specimen (DS) annotation service providing “Machine learning as a Service” (MLaaS) with a special focus on interoperability with the core services of DiSSCo, notably the DS Repository (nsidr.org) and the Specimen Data Refinery (Walton et al. 2020), as well as reusability within the data fabric of EOSC.

Taking up the use case to detect and classify regions of interest (ROI) on herbarium scans, we demonstrate a MLaaS prototype for DiSSCo involving the digital object framework, Cordra, for the management of DS as well as instant annotation of digital objects with extracted trait features (and ROIs) based on the DS specification openDS (Islam et al. 2020).

Source code available at: https://github.com/jgrieb/plant-detection-service
ecocomDP: A data design pattern and R package to facilitate FAIR biodiversity data for ecological synthesis
Authors: Sokol Eric
Published: September 2021

Two programs that provide high-quality long-term ecological data, the Environmental Data Initiative (EDI) and the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON), have recently teamed up with data users interested in synthesizing biodiversity data, such as ecological synthesis working groups supported by the US Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) Network Office, to make their data more Findable, Interoperable, Accessible, and Reusable (FAIR). To this end:

we have developed a flexible intermediate data design pattern for ecological community data (L1 formatted data in Fig. 1, see Fig. 2 for design details) called "ecocomDP" (O'Brien et al. 2021), and

we provide tools to work with data packages in which this design pattern has been implemented.

we have developed a flexible intermediate data design pattern for ecological community data (L1 formatted data in Fig. 1, see Fig. 2 for design details) called "ecocomDP" (O'Brien et al. 2021), and

we provide tools to work with data packages in which this design pattern has been implemented.

The ecocomDP format provides a data pattern commonly used for reporting community level data, such as repeated observations of species-level measures of biomass, abundance, percent cover, or density across multiple locations. The ecocomDP library for R includes tools to search for data packages, download or import data packages into an R (programming language) session in a standard format, and visualization tools for data exploration steps that are recommended for data users prior to any cross-study synthesis work. To date, EDI has created 70 ecocomDP data packages derived from their holdings, which include data from the US Long Term Ecological Research (US LTER) program, Long Term Research in Environmental Biology (LTREB) program, and other projects, which are now discoverable and accessible using the ecocomDP library. Similarly, NEON data products for 12 taxonomic groups are discoverable using the ecocomDP search tool. Input from data users provided guidance for the ecocomDP developers in mapping the NEON data products to the ecocomDP format to facilitate interoperability with the ecocomDP data packages available from the EDI repository. The standardized data design pattern allows common data visualizations across data packages, and has the potential to facilitate the development of new tools and workflows for biodiversity synthesis. The broader impacts of this collaboration are intended to lower the barriers for researchers in ecology and the environmental sciences to access and work with long-term biodiversity data and provide a hub around which data providers and data users can develop best practices that will build a diverse and inclusive community of practice.
Synospecies, an application to reflect changes in taxonomic names based on a triple store based on taxonomic data liberated from publication
Authors: Gmür Reto , Agosti Donat
Published: September 2021

Taxonomic treatments, sections of publications documenting the features or distribution of a related group of organisms (called a “taxon”, plural “taxa”) in ways adhering to highly formalized conventions, and published in scientific journals, shape our understanding of global biodiversity (Catapano 2019).

Treatments are the building blocks of the evolving scientific consensus on taxonomic entities. The semantics of these treatments and their relationships are highly structured: taxa are introduced, merged, made obsolete, split, renamed, associated with specimens and so on. Plazi makes this content available in machine-readable form using Resource Description Framework (RDF) . RDF is the standard model for Linked Data and the Semantic Web. RDF can be exchanged in different formats (aka concrete syntaxes) such as RDF/XML or Turtle. The data model describes graph structures and relies on Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRIs) , ontologies such as Darwin Core basic vocabulary are used to assign meaning to the identifiers. For Synospecies, we unite all treatments into one large knowledge graph, modelling taxonomic knowledge and its evolution with complete references to quotable treatments. However, this knowledge graph expresses much more than any individual treatment could convey because every referenced entity is linked to every other relevant treatment. On synospecies.plazi.org, we provide a user-friendly interface to find the names and treatments related to a taxon. An advanced mode allows execution of queries using the SPARQL query language.
Anti-predator behaviour of Rhinella major (Müller and Hellmich 1936), with insights into the Rhinella granulosa group
Authors: Pedroso-Santos Fillipe , Costa-Campos Carlos Eduardo
Published: September 2021

In anurans, the different types of anti-predator behaviour have been documented in isolation, but some species have shown synergistic strategies in different situations. The display of these types of behaviour may be related to the types of predators in the habitat, which boost defensive responses in their prey. However, most reports are mostly opportunistic and punctual observations, not systematic. Here, we report the occurrence of anti-predator behaviour in the toadRhinella major(Müller and Hellmich 1936) (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae) in the face of different handling modes. Probably the disturbance caused by handling had elicited a predator deterrence response in the individual, causing it to rapidly exhibit such behaviour. These conditions are discussed along with an overview of anti-predator behaviour in species of theR. granulosagroup and we re-interpreted these strategies for two species in the group.
Ensuring radiation safety during temporary storage of solidified radioactive waste in light hangar-type facilities
Authors: Rosnovsky Sergey V. , Povarov Vladimir P.
Published: September 2021

Expensive permanent storage facilities with massive engineered structures are used traditionally to ensure safe temporary storage of solidified radioactive waste at the NPP sites. Such approach is dictated by the need to comply with the regulatory requirements for limiting the gamma background in the area adjacent to the storage facility.

The costs involved in temporary storage of solidified RW can be optimized by using light hangar-type storage facilities. At the same time, the safety of storage, including radiation protection of the personnel, the public and the environment, is undoubtedly ensured through the use of special organizational and engineering solutions.

The Novovoronezh NPP, a branch of JSC Concern Rosenergoatom, operates successfully light hangar-type facilities for temporary storage of solidified RW classified as medium-level waste in accordance with OSPORB-99/2009. In the process of operation, a methodology and a method for conditioning and temporary storage of solidified RW were developed to ensure the RW removal for final disposal with no extra process operations and unreasonable costs.

A methodology has been developed to assess the radiation situation around storage facilities during temporary storage of RW, as well as a software package for predicting the radiation situation when deciding on the arrangement of the storage facility’s peripheral rows.
Implementing the New ANA Standard 8: Culturally Congruent Practice
Authors: Marion Lucy , Douglas Marilyn , Lavin Mary , Barr Nancy , Gazaway Shena , Thomas Elizabeth , Bickford Carol
Published: September 2021

The American Nurses Association (ANA) is responsible for the contract between society and the nursing profession, including the nursing scope and standards of practice. In 2015, an ANA workgroup produced Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice, 3rd Ed during a time of social change and an increase of culturally and ethnically diverse consumers. Subsequently, a subset of workgroup members and an invited transcultural nursing expert led to the creation of the new Standard 8: Culturally Congruent Practice, describing nursing care that is in agreement with the preferred values, beliefs, worldview, and practices of the healthcare consumer. This article records the history of the revised scope and standards and new Standard 8, the reasoning behind this standard and its impact on nursing practice, education, and research. The article also guides nurses in the application of Standard 8 to nursing practice and offers discussion about implementing culturally congruent practice through the nursing process. We also discuss cultural congruence for the graduate-prepared nurse; offer brief comments related to evaluation of culturally congruent practice using Standard 8 and future research; and conclude with a call to action.
Caring for Patients with Service Dogs: Information for Healthcare Providers
Authors: Krawczyk Michelle
Published: September 2021

People with disabilities use various assistance devices to improve their capacity to lead independent and fulfilling lives. Service dogs can be crucial lifesaving companions for their owners. As the use of service dogs increases, nurses are more likely to encounter them in healthcare settings. Service dogs are often confused with therapy or emotional support dogs. While some of their roles overlap, service dogs have distinct protection under the American Disabilities Act (ADA). Knowing the laws and proper procedures regarding service dogs strengthens the abilities of healthcare providers to deliver holistic, patient-centered care. This article provides background information about use of dogs, and discusses benefits to patients and access challenges for providers. The author reviews ADA laws applicable to service dog use and potential challenges and risks in acute care settings. The role of the healthcare professional is illustrated with an exemplar, along with recommendations for future research and nursing implications related to care of patients with service dogs.
School Nursing and Population Health: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Bergren Martha
Published: September 2021

School nursing is grounded in population health. The school nurse role is often viewed as providing episodic care to individual children, and more recently, highly skilled care to chronically ill and medically fragile children. However, the true value of school nursing is in health promotion and illness prevention. School nurses engage in population health practices such as screening; prevention of communicable disease through hygiene and immunization; prevention of injuries; and promoting health through education. As we enter the 21st Century, school nurses are embracing their roots as change leaders who improve the health of children, families, and communities. This article reviews the past and present of school nursing to offer insight about this role in the context of population health, and concludes with a look to the future.
Medication Adherence in a Cardiac Ambulatory Setting: The Challenge Continues
Authors: Rosenberger Jayne , Bernhofer Esther , McCrudden Susan , Johnson Rosa
Published: September 2021

Adhering to a prescribed course of medication can be problematic for patients who take multiple prescriptions to manage chronic illnesses. This study explored the prevalence of medication adherence among patients in a cardiology ambulatory care setting using a survey-based, descriptive-comparative design. We begin this article by reviewing the medication adherence challenge. Next we describe our research method, which utilized the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8©) and Medication Regimen Complexity Index (MRCI), to collect the data. Our results showed that the MMAS-8© scores of participants indicated ‘low adherence.’ A positive correlation was found between older age (>65 years) and remembering to take medications. MRCI scores were in the moderate range. Patients 65 years and older reported remembering their medications more frequently than younger patients. We also discuss our results and study limitations, and consider implications for research and practice. The conclusion suggests that medication adherence remains a significant problem. Clinicians in ambulatory care need to address the challenge of non-adherence. Although rigorous interventions are needed to promote adherence for all age patients, an emphasis on the younger population may be necessary.
Making the Case for Adult-Gerontology Critical Care Nurse Practitioner Fellowships
Authors: Donaworth Sherry
Published: September 2021

In the United States, there is a rapidly increasing critically ill patient population and a corresponding critical care workforce crisis unable to meet both current and projected needs for care. Nurse Practitioners (NPs) are uniquely suited to augment the workforce gap in critical care. However, advanced, specialized, critical care competencies are not fully developed in the foundational NP curriculum. This article presents a brief overview of NP education, certification, and licensure and discusses theoretical frameworks and professional development; perception of preparedness; and NP residency/fellowship development trends. The discussion considers NP role integration and expansion, international considerations, and implications for research. NP critical care residency programs are congruent with the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) future of nursing research priorities and recommendations to utilize nurses to the fullest extent of their education. In conclusion, critical care NP residency programs could offer a viable solution to the existing and anticipated workforce shortage by providing novice NPs with specialized, intensive experience with expert mentorship in the critical care setting.
Stabilization of periodic sweeping processes and asymptotic average velocity for soft locomotors with dry friction
Authors: Colombo Giovanni , Gidoni Paolo , Vilches Emilio
Published: September 2021

We study the asymptotic stability of periodic solutions for sweeping processes defined by a polyhedron with translationally moving faces. Previous results are improved by obtaining a stronger \begin{document}$ W^{1,2} $\end{document} convergence. Then we present an application to a model of crawling locomotion. Our stronger convergence allows us to prove the stabilization of the system to a running-periodic (or derivo-periodic, or relative-periodic) solution and the well-posedness of an average asymptotic velocity depending only on the gait adopted by the crawler. Finally, we discuss some examples of finite-time versus asymptotic-only convergence.
Singular weighted sharp Trudinger-Moser inequalities defined on $ \mathbb{R}^N $ and applications to elliptic nonlinear equations
Authors: Aouaoui Sami , Jlel Rahma
Published: September 2021

This work comes to complete some previous ones of ours. Actually, in this paper, we establish some singular weighted inequalities of Trudinger-Moser type for radial functions defined on the whole euclidean space \begin{document}$ \mathbb{R}^N,\ N \geq 2. $\end{document} The weights considered are of logarithmic type. The singularity plays a capital role to prove the sharpness of the inequalities. These inequalities are later improved using some concentration-compactness arguments. The last part in this work is devoted to the application of the inequalities established to some singular elliptic nonlinear equations involving a new growth conditions at infinity of exponential type.
Global stability solution of the 2D MHD equations with mixed partial dissipation
Authors: Guo Yana , Jia Yan , Dong Bo-Qing
Published: September 2021

This paper is devoted to understanding the global stability of perturbations near a background magnetic field of the 2D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations with partial dissipation. We establish the global stability for the solutions of the nonlinear MHD system by the bootstrap argument.
Parameter optimal identification and dynamic behavior analysis of nonlinear model for the solution purification process of zinc hydrometallurgy
Authors: Wang Qianqian , Tang Minan , An Aimin , Lu Jiawei , Zhao Yingying
Published: September 2021

Impurity removal is a momentous part of zinc hydrometallurgy process, and the quality of products and the stability of the whole process are affected directly by its control effect. The application of dynamic model is of great significance to the prediction of key indexes and the optimization of process control. In this paper, considering the complex coupling relationship of stage II purification process, a hybrid modeling method of mechanism modeling and parameter identification modeling was proposed on the basis of not changing the actual production process of lead-zinc smeltery. Firstly, the overall nonlinear dynamic mechanism model was established, and then the deviation between the theoretical value and the actual detected outlet ion concentration was taken as the objective function to establish the parameter identification optimization model. Since the built model is nonlinear, it may pose implementation problems. On the premise of deriving the gradient vector and Hessian matrix of the objective function with respect to the parameter vector, an optimization algorithm based on the steepest descent method and Newton method is proposed. Finally, using the historical production data of a lead-zinc smeltery in China, the model parameters were accurately inversed. An intensive simulation validation and analysis of the dynamic characteristics about the whole model shows the accuracy and the potential of the model, also in the perspective of practical implementation, which provides the basis for the optimal control of system output and the guidance for the optimal control of zinc powder addition.
Development of a high temperature printable composite for microwave absorption applications
Authors: Martinez Leticia ,   Lab-STICC, University of Brest, France, Palessonga Den , Roquefort Philippe , Chevalier Alexis , Maalouf Azar , Ville Julien , Laur Vincent ,   Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Spain,   IRDL, University of Brest, France
Published: September 2021

This study deals with the development of a printable composite material based on a polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) matrix and carbonyl iron (Fe) particles, with controlled electromagnetic performance. More specifically, materials were simultaneous melt mixed and shaped under the form of filament with a diameter suitable for Fused Deposition Modeling. After reminding the potentialities of the printable PPS matrix, especially in terms of temperature resistance, microwave characterizations were performed on toroidal samples. The measured electromagnetic properties were compatible with absorption applications and compared to those of a commercial iron-filled PolyLactic Acid (PLA). Rectangular waveguide microwave loads were designed and fabricated by Fused Deposition Modeling with both materials. The PPS-Fe load has a volume that is 7 times lower than the PLA-Fe load due to a higher permittivity-permeability product and losses. Heat treatments demonstrated that no degradation is observed for the PPS-Fe load up to 180 ℃ while the PLA-Fe load is totally melted at 150 ℃. In the same time, it was observed that the maximum power supported by the PPS-Fe load is three times higher than the one supported by the PLA-Fe load. Finally, the temperature stability of the electromagnetic response of the PPS-Fe composite was demonstrated by measurements in the −70 ℃ to 140 ℃ temperature range. This new high temperature printable composite paves the way to the development of efficient, low-cost, low-weight, power and temperature stable absorbers for microwave applications.
Oral-based Bible translation: A contextualised model for the nomadic Himba people of southern Africa
Authors: Floor Karen J.
Published: September 2021

Historically, the work of Bible translation has involved multiple disciplines in a commitment to translate Scripture with integrity and faithfulness to the original Greek and Hebrew texts. Translating Scripture for primary oral societies has added another dimension to the need for accuracy, beauty and clarity in Scripture translation. It has been widely accepted in Western literate society that the Bible is accessed in written print in the form of a book. For oral-preference societies, such as the nomadic Himba and San peoples of southern Africa, a printed Bible has presented a challenge. Few people read or wish to read as their primary means of communication. In the case of the San family of languages, complex phonemic systems of up to 85 contrastive clicks have presented a challenge in developing ‘readable’ orthographies. This article has highlighted the rationale for oral-based Bible translation. The research aimed to address the translation needs of oral societies – some of whom are nomadic or semi-nomadic people groups. The recent missiological positioning of certain Bible translation practitioners has led to an oral-based approach to Bible translation which validates the cultural identity of modern oral communicators. Orally crafted translations of Scripture passages have been recorded and made available to oral societies through a range of media, including MP3 players, SD cards and mobile phone applications. The effectiveness of oral-based Bible translation among the Himba people has been seen in their response. What began as a three-year pilot project to explore the potential impact of oral-based Scripture among oral societies has led to a unanimous demand for a second three-year phase, and an expressed desire for a full oral-based Bible in the Himba language. The oral-based approach as described is currently used in nearly 20 other oral Bible translation, which reflects a felt need for oral-based Scripture among oral societies in southern Africa.Contribution: Insights from the emerging practice of oral-based Bible translation in southern Africa provide valuable data for missiological approaches to communicating the gospel in the context of modern oral societies.
Арифметика некоторых $\ell$-расширений с тремя точками ветвления. II
Authors: Kuz'min Leonid Viktorovich
Published: September 2021

Пусть $\ell$ - простое регулярное нечетное число, $k$ - поле деления круга на $\ell$ частей и $K=k(\sqrt[\ell]{a})$, где $a$ - натуральное число. В предположении, что в $K_\infty/k_\infty$ разветвлены ровно три точки, не лежащие над $\ell$, мы продолжаем изучать структуру модуля Тэйта (модуля Ивасавы) $T_\ell(K_\infty)$ как модуля Галуа. Доказано, что в случае $\ell=3$, если $T_\ell(K_\infty)$ конечен, то $|T_\ell(K_\infty)|=\ell^r$ для некоторого натурального нечетного $r$. При тех же предположениях, если $\overline T_\ell(K_\infty)$ - группа Галуа максимального абелева неразветвленного $\ell$-расширения поля $K_\infty$, то ядро естественного эпиморфизма $\overline T_\ell(K_\infty)\to T_\ell (K_\infty)$ имеет порядок $9$. Получены некоторые другие результаты.
Библиография: 4 наименования.
Automized Driver Personalization using Computer Vision
Authors: C R Praveen Khanna
Published: September 2021

All safety features built-in cars do not necessarily ensure safety automatically. In the driving position, the driver should be able to reach the steering wheel, gear shifter and other relevant car controls comfortably. This paper proposes an automated system that works on camera-based computer vision technology which identifies the person's attributes such as height using the motion sensor camera to adjust the seat including head restraint while the person enters the car and various other controls such as steering wheel position, adjustment of gear shifter in a linear motion. Once they start driving, the position of side-view mirrors and IRVM mirrors will be adjusted based on eye movement. By this system, a comfortable and safe ride can be created for the driver making our roads safer.
Challenges Overwhelmed to Meet BSVI Emissions with SPFI Fuel System for Heavy-Duty CNG Engine Application
Authors: bandyopadhyay Debjyoti , Sutar Prasanna S , Sonawane Shailesh Balkrishna , Rairikar S D , Kavathekar Kishorkumar , Thipse Sukrut S , Kshirsagar Chinmay , Kale Samir
Published: September 2021

As competent and low-pollution alternative fuel, CNG has revealed its excellence over engine performance and emissions. In recent years, CNG is considered as the diesel engine alternative fuel for heavy-duty engine applications due to its lower emissions and cost effective after-treatment systems. Due to the implementation of stricter emission norms over the years, the evolution of the fuel supply system has become more robust and electronically controlled.

In the case of CNG engines, most of the engines were equipped with MPFI fuel system, for its precise fuel control abilities and controlling emission parameters. However, this MPFI system encompasses severe design changes in the intake manifold and is cost worthy to OEMs over the SPFI fuel system. MPFI system adds on the overall cost of the engine unit and its maintenance when compared to SPFI system. SPFI fuel system had proved its robustness to achieve BSIV emission norms but, due to challenging test methods and stringent emission limits, BSVI development with this fuel system seems cumbersome with limited control parameters. This paper presents the research work conducted on a heavy-duty CNG engine with a SPFI fuel system. The challenges involved for achieving the BSVI emissions through engine calibration, without major engine hardware change along with engine performance is incorporated in this work.
Effect of CCV and OCV System in Heavy Duty CNG Engine on the Particulate Emissions
Authors: Sutar Prasanna S , bandyopadhyay Debjyoti , Sonawane Shailesh Balkrishna , Rairikar S D , Kavathekar Kishorkumar , Thipse Sukrut S , Kale Samir , Kshirsagar Chinmay
Published: September 2021

Due to increasing pollution and climatic cries, newly implemented BS-VI emission norms in India have stressed the reduction of emission. For which many automobiles have been shifted to alternate fuels like CNG. Also, the Indian Automotive market is fuel economy cautious. This challenges to focus on improving fuel economy but without an increase in emissions. Crankcase blow-by gases can be an important source of particulate emission as well as other regulated and unregulated emissions. They can also contribute to the loss of lubricating oil and fouling of surface and engine components. Closed Crankcase Ventilation (CCV) or Open Crankcase Ventilation (OCV) is capable to reduce particulate emissions by removing the oil mist that is caused mainly due to blow-by in the combustion chamber. This paperwork is focused, to measure the effectiveness of the CCV and OCV systems on the engine-out emissions, primarily on the particulate emissions. A comparative analysis of these crankcase ventilation systems is made by monitoring various parameters, like engine speed, torque, crankcase pressure, engine blow-by, etc. to analyze the effectiveness of these systems for the reduction in particulate emissions.
Machine Learning Based Model Development with Annotated Database for Indian Specific Object Detection
Authors: Pachhapurkar Ninad , Shah Rathin , Kale Jyoti , Karle Manish , Karle Ujjwala
Published: September 2021

Now-a-days, Advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) is equipping cars and drivers with advance information and technology to make them become aware of the environment and handle potential situations in better way semi-autonomously. High-quality training and test data is essential in the development and validation of ADAS systems which lay the foundation for autonomous driving technology.

ADAS uses the technology like radar, vision and combinations of various sensors including LIDAR to automatize dynamic driving tasks like steering, braking, and acceleration of vehicle for controlled and safe driving. And to integrate these advance technologies, the ADAS needs labeled data to train the algorithm to detect the various objects and moments of driver. Image annotation is one the well-known service to create such training data for computer vision.

There are number of open source annotated datasets available viz. COCO, KITTI etc. But these datasets are limited to either US or European road environment scenarios. There is hardly any dataset available for Indian Specific road conditions. In order to capture all the India Specific objects on road, we are capturing data through various environmental conditions, road conditions and annotating objects on the collected camera images. 2-D bounding boxes are being used to annotate objects in an image.

These annotated images will then be used to train a machine learning model. Finally this trained model will be then used to detect Indian specific objects with real time data acquired through camera sensors mounted on the vehicle. Object detection is one of the prime aspects for ADAS functionality. The complete process will demonstrate end to end solution for object detection techniques from data generation to real-time object identification and recognition.
Study to Compare CO2 Emissions from M1 Bharat Stage VI Passenger Vehicles at Chassis Dynamometer and Indian Real Traffic Conditions
Authors: THAKARE KIRAN , SINGH ABHAY , Shah OBAID ASHRAF , bathina REVANTH KUMAR , KULKARNI ASHISH
Published: September 2021

Bharat Stage VI (BS VI) emission norms are already introduced in India from 1st April 2020. The implementation of BS VI emission standards essentially brings Indian motor vehicle regulations on par with most stringent International standards. The BS VI regulation also mandated Real Driving Emission (RDE) measurement with objective to limit regulated pollutants esp. NOX & PN during real use of vehicle. For M1 passenger vehicles Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions measured in Lab is also regulated under CAFÉ (Corporate Average Fuel Economy) however, CO2 emission during Real on Road Driving is not regulated. So, this study was carried out to compare CO2 on real road traffic conditions with standard lab conditions. This study was done on a set of BS VI compliant vehicles with diverse characteristic such as engine capacity, fuel type. These vehicles were tested on a chassis dynamometer in a vehicle-emissions laboratory under well-defined & controlled ambient conditions for temperature and humidity as per regulation specified in AIS 137 part 3 and then the same group of vehicles were tested on road using PEMS (Portable Emission Measurement System) equipment as per regulation specified in AIS 137 Part 3 Chapter 20. On road tests were carried out on working day during working hours in the city of Pune. This paper analyses & summarizes the change in CO2 emission of these M1 passenger vehicles from lab to on road running, on the basis of different vehicle characteristics and also on the basis of different traffic condition i.e., city & highway traffic.
Model Based Design, Simulation and Experimental Validation of SCR Efficiency Model
Authors: Dekate Rohan , V Suryanarayanan , Sharma Prashant , Reddi Ashok
Published: September 2021

Selective Catalytic Reduction is a key technology, used for NOx abatement. There are several models available for SCR system performance out of which most are experimentally verified only in flow reactors with simulated gaseous concentration and standard test conditions. But in the vehicle as well as in the engine test bench the conditions are very much dynamic compared to the simulated conditions of the lab. This transient behaviour emphasizes the need for a best fit model which accommodates the real-world dynamic conditions, thus reducing the overall effort in SCR catalyst selection for any given engine or vehicle application. The primary objective of this paper is to derive an empirical and mathematical efficiency model for SCR catalyst performance through a model-based design approach. The output from the model is compared with the experimental results from the vehicle and engine test bench, to validate the model accuracy. The model is a function of system specific parameters like space velocity, NO2 ratio, system efficiency, catalyst loading and ageing factors, temperature mapping, for various engine operating zones that are benchmarked from existing experimental results and chemical kinetics that are already incorporated in existing models. This model is fine-tuned by incorporating experimental data and simulated with different control strategies to further refine and optimize the catalyst performance and reduce DEF consumption and ammonia slip formation. The model output from numerical simulations and experimental results are used to derive the control strategy for the best overall efficiency model.
A Vehicle Pass-by Noise Prediction Method Using Ray Tracing with Diffraction to Extend Simulation Capabilities to High Frequencies
Authors: Calloni Massimiliano , Golota Anton , Mejdi Abderrazak , Musser Chadwyck
Published: September 2021

Predicting Vehicle Pass-by noise using simulation enables efficient development of adequate countermeasures to meet legislative targets while reducing development time and the number of physical trial-and-error prototypes and tests. It has already been shown that deterministic simulation methods such as the Boundary Element Method (BEM), which may also include directivity of sources, can support the trim package optimization process for Pass-by noise, especially for low to mid frequencies. At higher frequencies, the Ray Tracing technique, can represent an efficient alternate providing options to trade off speed versus accuracy compared to wave-based technique such as FE/BEM. This paper presents a Ray Tracing approach with high order diffraction effect. Moreover, source directivity and sound package effect are accounted for. Validation examples for predicting Pass-by noise which complements other deterministic methods and extends practical prediction capabilities to higher frequencies are presented.