bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti-SRP-positive necrotising myopathy concurrent with breast malignancy
Authors: Dandasena Tarini , Ingle Vaibhav , Singhai Abhishek , Saigal Saurabh
Published: December 2023

Anti-signal recognition particle (anti-SRP)-positive necrotising myopathy causes severe progressive proximal weakness with a propensity to involve pharyngeal, laryngeal and respiratory muscles. It is one of the aggressive inflammatory myopathies. First-line treatment is with high-dose steroids followed by other immunosuppressants, but this conventional therapy is often ineffective. Second-line treatment involves use of either rituximab or intravenous immunonoglobulin (IVIG). Anti-SRP-positive necrotising myopathy is frequently treated as refractory myositis due to its poor responsiveness to steroid monotherapy and conventional immunosuppressive therapies. Therefore, anti-SRP-positive necrotising myopathy differs from immune-mediated myopathy. Although anti-SRP autoantibody is found in only 4–6% of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, the actual proportion of patients with refractory anti-SRP-positive necrotising myopathy is unknown. We describe a patient with multiple comorbidities who had subacute-onset anti-SRP-positive immune-mediated necrotising myopathy (IMNM). After failing steroids, methotrexate and IVIG therapy, she made a considerable recovery with rituximab. She was later diagnosed to have breast malignancy. Malignancy-associated anti-SRP-positive IMNM is rarely reported.
Angiodysplasia of the appendix: a diagnostic challenge and the importance of colonoscopy
Authors: Johnson Obiajulu , Mackenzie Naomi , Choudhury Jamil , Furtado Sanjay
Published: December 2023

The case report discusses the challenges in diagnosing gastrointestinal bleeding of unknown origin, with angiodysplasia (AD) of the appendix being a rare cause. The report presents a case of a man in his late 60s who presented with vomiting, diarrhoea and rectal bleeding. As a result of the bleeding, the patient developed a type II myocardial infarction (MI), which had to be simultaneously managed further complicating the diagnostic process. Despite a normal CT angiogram, ongoing bleeding led to suspicion of AD, which was diagnosed using colonoscopy with limited bowel preparation. The patient underwent an open appendicectomy and was found to have AD of the tip of the appendix as the cause of the bleeding. The case highlights the limitations of CT angiography in haemodynamically unstable patients and subsequent importance of colonoscopy with bowel preparation in diagnosing rare causes of bleeding, even with limited bowel preparation, and the potential life-threatening consequences of untreated AD.
Postradical cystectomy delayed urethral recurrence: a rare presentation posing diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Navriya Shiv Charan , Singh Vikram , Choudhary Gautam Ram , Tripathi Shashank
Published: December 2023

The incidence of urethral recurrence after radical cystectomy is 1% to 8%, with most cases occurring within the first 2 years of surgery. Prophylactic urethrectomy is rarely performed nowadays due to no known survival benefit and increased morbidity due to the procedure. However, we encountered a rare case of delayed urethral recurrence presenting as recurrent urethral collection 4 years after radical cystectomy with ileal conduit diversion, posing a diagnostic dilemma.
Elbow septic arthritis in an infant: an unusual presentation of invasive pneumococcal disease
Authors: Santos Paula , Gouveia Catarina , Ovídio Joana , Ribeiro Catarina
Published: December 2023

Acute septic arthritis is a rare, potentially severe infection that requires immediate treatment to avoid long-term morbidity. Most common aetiological agents are commonly used for empirical treatment, but the choice of antibiotics may be influenced by other factors, such as the patient’s age and the epidemiological context.

We report an infant with elbow arthritis, whose treatment was changed afterStreptococcus pneumoniaeserotype 9N was isolated in the blood and synovial fluid. The child underwent arthrocentesis and received intravenous ampicillin followed by oral amoxicillin, with a favourable response and no sequelae at 1-year follow-up.

We report an uncommon manifestation of invasive pneumococcal disease in a young immunised healthy infant caused by a non-vaccine serotype. The presence ofS. pneumoniaeshould be considered in joint infections, especially in infants and those with a history of respiratory symptoms.
Case of infiltrative optic neuropathy with hypertrophic pachymeningitis as a manifestation of en plaque meningioma
Authors: Lin Shawn Zhi Zheng , Lizwan Marco , Tan Mark Bangwei , Sonu Sumit Kumar
Published: December 2023

We describe a case of infiltrative optic neuropathy with hypertrophic pachymeningitis noted on MRI of the brain, presenting a diagnostic dilemma with a wide variety of differential diagnoses to consider. Our patient is a middle-aged woman with a 20-year history of migranous-sounding headaches who was incidentally found to have worsening vision in her left eye during a routine driving test visual acuity check. Neurological examination revealed a left grade III relative afferent pupillary defect and a central scotoma with red desaturation. Subsequent MRI of her brain and anterior visual pathway revealed features suggestive of an infiltrative left optic neuropathy with hypertrophic pachymeningitis. An extended workup including diagnostic lumbar puncture and blood tests for possible autoimmune, infective and neoplastic causes proved unyielding. Eventually, an endoscopic transsphenoidal biopsy helped to clinch the diagnosis of a (meningothelial subtype) WHO grade 1 meningioma as the cause of her clinical and radiological presentation.
Advancing Suicide Intervention Strategies for Teens (ASSIST): study protocol for a multisite randomised controlled trial
Authors: Adrian Molly , McCauley Elizabeth , Gallop Robert , Stevens Jack , Jobes David A , Crumlish Jennifer , Stanley Barbara , Brown Gregory K , Green Kelly L , Hughes Jennifer L , Bridge Jeffrey A
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Brief interventions that reduce suicide risk following youth’s experience with acute care due to suicidality are needed.

Methods and analysis

The study will use a three-arm randomised controlled trial designed to test the effectiveness of the Safety Planning Intervention with structured follow-up (SPI+) and the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) compared with enhanced usual care. The primary outcomes measure will be suicidal events, defined as death by suicide, attempted suicide, preparatory acts toward imminent suicidal behaviour or suicidal ideation resulting in a change in emergency evaluation or inpatient admission. Secondary measures will be the number of suicide attempts and severity of suicidal ideation. The experimental interventions, SPI+ and CAMS, consist of up to eight sessions over approximately 8 weeks that are designed to manage (SPI+) or treat (CAMS) patient-identified ‘drivers’ of suicidal thoughts and behaviours. Mechanisms and moderators of change will be evaluated to understand treatment impacts.

Ethics and dissemination

This study has been approved by the Seattle Children’s Institutional Review Board and is monitored by external agencies including the University of Washington Institute for Translational Health Sciences, and a National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)-appointed Data Safety and Monitoring Board. Trial results will help establish evidence towards safe and effective treatment strategies for youth transitioning from acute to outpatient care due to a suicidal crisis. The data will be shared with the NIMH Data Archives and disseminated through publications and conferences.

Trial registration number

NCT05078970.
Lisdexamphetamine versus methylphenidate for paediatric patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and type 1 diabetes (LAMAinDiab): protocol for a multicentre, randomised cross-over clinical trial in an outpatient telemedicine-supported setting
Authors: Michalak Arkadiusz , Chrzanowski Jędrzej , Kuśmierczyk-Kozieł Hanna , Klejman Ewa , Błaziak Katarzyna , Mianowska Beata , Szadkowska Agnieszka , Chobot Agata P , Jarosz-Chobot Przemysława , Myśliwiec Małgorzata , Makowska Iwona , Kalenik Anna , Zamarlik Monika , Wolańczyk Tomasz , Fendler Wojciech , Butwicka Agnieszka
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects 5%–10% of paediatric population and is reportedly more common in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D), exacerbating its clinical course. Proper treatment of ADHD in such patients may thus provide neurological and metabolic benefits. To test this, we designed a non-commercial second phase clinical trial comparing the impact of different pharmacological interventions for ADHD in children with T1D.

Methods and analysis

This is a multicentre, randomised, open-label, cross-over clinical trial in children and adolescents with ADHD and T1D. The trial will be conducted in four reference paediatric diabetes centres in Poland. Over 36 months, eligible patients with both T1D and ADHD (aged 8–16.5 years, T1D duration >1 year) will be offered participation. Patients’ guardians will undergo online once-weekly training sessions behaviour management for 10 weeks. Afterward, children will be randomised to methylphenidate (long-release capsule, doses 18-36-54 mg) versus lisdexamphetamine (LDX, 30-50-70 mg). Pharmacotherapy will continue for 6 months before switching to alternative medication. Throughout the trial, the participants will be evaluated every 3 months by their diabetologist and online psychological assessments. The primary endpoint (ADHD symptom severity, Conners 3.0 questionnaire) will be assessed by a blinded investigator. Secondary endpoints will include HbA1c, continuous glucose monitoring indices and quality-of-life (PedsQL).

Ethics and dissemination

The trial is approved by Bioethical Committee at Medical University of Lodz and Polish regulatory agency (RNN/142/22/KE, UR/DBL/D/263/2022). The results will be communicated to the research and clinical community, and Polish agencies responsible for healthcare policy. Patient organisations focused on paediatric T1D will be notified by a consortium member. We hope to use the trial’s results to promote collaboration between mental health professionals and diabetes teams, evaluate the economic feasibility of using LDX in patients with both diseases and the long run improve ADHD treatment in children with T1D.

Trial registration numbers

EU Clinical Trials Register (EU-CTR, 2022-001906-24) andNCT05957055.
‘I wouldn’t trust it …’ Digital transformation of young people’s sexual health services: a systems-informed qualitative enquiry
Authors: Bennett Clare , Kelly Daniel , Dunn Catherine , Musa Massirfufulay Kpehe , Young Honor , Couzens Zoë , McSorley John , Jones Emma
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Digital sexual health technologies for young people, such as websites, texting services and apps, could address some of the sexual health inequalities that many experience, since they have the potential to overcome concerns associated with traditional clinic based services such as embarrassment, privacy and accessibility. However, they are currently under-utilised internationally.

Methods

Using complexity theory and systems thinking as a theoretical framework, this qualitative descriptive study sought to explore the acceptability of digital sexual health technologies for 16–18 year olds. Data generation with 10 sexual health nurses with experience of digital service delivery took the form of minimally structured online one-to-one interviews lasting between 20 and 50 min. Focus groups of up to eight young people or individual interviews were used to explore 32 16–18 year olds’ perspectives. Interviews lasted between 18 and 48 min. Both datasets were analysed using Braun and Clarke’s reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

Three themes emerged from each dataset. Nurses’ themes were: (1) digital sexual health services can be more comfortable for young people, (2) digital sexual health services can be complimentary to clinic visits but do not replace them and (3) challenges exist in providing sexual health services to young people through digital technologies. The young people’s themes were: (1) sexual health is a ‘difficult issue’, (2) young people have specific expectations yet a desire for choice and (3) digital health interventions are not a panacea.

Conclusions

While digital sexual health interventions hold great potential, they need to be integral to the wider systems in which both young people and sexual health promotion services operate, otherwise there is a risk that their impact will be compromised. Collaborative approaches that connect causal factors and policy objectives and involve full engagement with all stakeholders are more likely to be efficacious.
Inequalities in mental health service utilisation by children and young people: a population survey using linked electronic health records from Northwest London, UK
Authors: Lazzarino Antonio Ivan , Salkind Jessica Ann , Amati Federica , Robinson Tamsin , Gnani Shamini , Nicholls Dasha , Hargreaves Dougal
Published: December 2023

Background

Mental healthcare services for children and young people (CYP) are a very limited resource in the UK. To prevent health inequalities, measures to increase overall capacity must sit alongside measures that ensure utilisation matches need.

Aim

Our aim was to identify subgroups of CYP with unexpectedly low mental health service utilisation, presumably representing unmet need, and to assess whether there is area variation in the socioeconomic gradient of mental healthcare use.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional population survey of CYP (aged 5–24 years) using electronic health records from the Discover Now research platform, covering approximately 95% of the Northwest London resident population of 2.4 million people.

Results

The total sample comprised 764 327 CYP, of whom 2.1% attended a mental healthcare appointment in 2021 (95% CI 2.1% to 2.2%), our outcome measure. Lower socioeconomic status (our main exposure factor) was related to higher occurrence of mental healthcare appointments (+5% for each quintile increase in deprivation (95% CI 2% to 7%, p<0.001]). However, interaction analyses showed that the boroughs with unexpectedly low utilisation rates were also those not showing a clear trend between socioeconomic conditions and services utilisation (interaction p<0.001), suggesting that in these boroughs the occurrence of mental disorders in disadvantaged people was not captured by our analysis based on service utilisation. In some London boroughs, we found lower-than-expected activity for the most disadvantaged CYP.

Conclusions

The mental healthcare needs of many CYP from socioeconomically deprived areas of Northwest London may be unmet. More information is needed to confirm our results.
Knockout of the inhibitory receptor TIGIT enhances the antitumor response of ex vivo expanded NK cells and prevents fratricide with therapeutic Fc-active TIGIT antibodies
Authors: Hasan Md Faqrul , Campbell Amanda R , Croom-Perez Tayler J , Oyer Jeremiah L , Dieffenthaller Thomas A , Robles-Carrillo Liza D , Cash Catherine A , Eloriaga Jonathan E , Kumar Sanjana , Andersen Brendan W , Naeimi Kararoudi Meisam , Tullius Brian P , Lee Dean A , Copik Alicja J
Published: December 2023

Background

Inhibitory receptor T-cell Immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) expressed by Natural Killer (NK) and T cells regulates cancer immunity and has been touted as the next frontier in the development of cancer immunotherapeutics. Although early results of anti-TIGIT and its combinations with antiprogrammed death-ligand 1 were highly exciting, results from an interim analysis of phase III trials are disappointing. With mixed results, there is a need to understand the effects of therapeutic anti-TIGIT on the TIGIT+immune cells to support its clinical use. Most of the TIGIT antibodies in development have an Fc-active domain, which binds to Fc receptors on effector cells. In mouse models, Fc-active anti-TIGIT induced superior immunity, while Fc receptor engagement was required for its efficacy. NK-cell depletion compromised the antitumor immunity of anti-TIGIT indicating the essential role of NK cells in the efficacy of anti-TIGIT. Since NK cells express TIGIT and Fc-receptor CD16, Fc-active anti-TIGIT may deplete NK cells via fratricide, which has not been studied.

Methods

CRISPR-Cas9-based TIGIT knockout (KO) was performed in expanded NK cells. Phenotypic and transcriptomic properties of TIGIT KO and wild-type (WT) NK cells were compared with flow cytometry, CyTOF, and RNA sequencing. The effect of TIGIT KO on NK-cell cytotoxicity was determined by calcein-AM release and live cell imaging-based cytotoxicity assays. The metabolic properties of TIGIT KO and WT NK cells were compared with a Seahorse analyzer. The effect of the Fc-component of anti-TIGIT on NK-cell fratricide was determined by co-culturing WT and TIGIT KO NK cells with Fc-active and Fc-inactive anti-TIGIT.

Results

TIGIT KO increased the cytotoxicity of NK cells against multiple cancer cell lines including spheroids. TIGIT KO NK cells upregulated mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling and had better metabolic fitness with an increased basal glycolytic rate when co-cultured with cancer cells compared with WT NK cells. Importantly, TIGIT KO prevented NK-cell fratricide when combined with Fc-active anti-TIGIT.

Conclusions

TIGIT KO in ex vivo expanded NK cells increased their cytotoxicity and metabolic fitness and prevented NK-cell fratricide when combined with Fc-active anti-TIGIT antibodies. These fratricide-resistant TIGIT KO NK cells have therapeutic potential alone or in combination with Fc-active anti-TIGIT antibodies to enhance their efficacy.
Effect of water pressure on permeability of foam-conditioned sands for EPB shield tunneling
Authors: Feng Zhiyao , Wang Shuying , Qu Tongming , Zheng Xiangcou
Published: December 2023

Foam conditioning is a widely adopted technique in earth pressure balance (EPB) shield tunneling for the purpose of reducing sand permeability and preventing water spewing. The permeability of foam-conditioned sands differs from that of natural sands due to the presence of foam bubbles. This study investigated the effect of water pressure on the permeability of foam-conditioned sands using novel laboratory permeability tests. The water pressure, for the first time, is decoupled with the hydraulic gradient, owing to a newly developed permeameter with the controllable downstream hydraulic pressure in the laboratory. The results show that the permeability is significantly affected by the water pressure, and the effect is also predominantly dependent upon the foam injection ratio. The initial hydraulic conductivity increases with the increasing water pressure, while the initial stable period duration decreases. The water-plugging structure formed by foam bubbles and sand particles is prone to be damaged under high water pressure due to the shrinkage of foam bubbles. This means that the existing permeability tests with low water pressure underestimate the permeability of foam-conditioned sands. The underlying mechanism of water pressure in modifying the permeability of foam-conditioned sands is also examined from a particle-scale perspective.
Research on optimization strategies for urban park green space planning in Nanjing based on GIS from the perspectives of network analysis and Thiessen polygon theory
Authors: Yang Jinpei
Published: December 2023

Urban Park green space is an essential carrier and form of urban recreation space, playing an important role in improving the ecological environment and enhancing the image of the city. With the process of urbanization and the continuous improvement of residents’ living standards, urban park construction has become increasingly important to meet people’s growing needs for a better life. However, the evaluation indicators for urban park green space in China mostly consider macroscopic levels, such as the area, number and per capita green area of parks. This cannot fully reflect the level of park green space services. Accessibility can reflect the convenience of residents to reach the park, provide guidance for the reasonable layout of parks and have various evaluation methods relying on geographic information technology. Therefore, it is necessary to quantitatively study the layout and accessibility of park green space. Taking the central urban area of Nanjing as the research object, this paper summarizes existing research and focuses on evaluating the accessibility of park green space while analyzing the layout of parks from multiple perspectives, combined with the existing pressure appraisal of park green space services. Relevant data on Nanjing, including overall planning and statistical yearbooks, were collected and analyzed using geographic information system (GIS) tools, network analysis and Thiessen polygon theory to analyze the service pressure, demand and accessibility of park green space in the central urban area under different transportation methods. Based on the results, targeted optimization strategies are proposed.
ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION AND INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE UPGRADING: EVIDENCE FROM CHINA
Authors: XIE XIN , ZHONG MIN , DING LONGFEI
Published: December 2023

This paper investigates the spatial correlation between environmental regulation and industrial structure upgrading. As the main means of government environmental protection, environmental regulation policies have a significant impact on industrial structure upgrading. Based on the environmental frequency mentioned in the government work report, this paper constructed environmental regulation intensity data for 285 cities in China and matched it with data on industrial structure upgrading. We found that without considering the spatial spillover of environmental regulations, the industrial structure upgrading effect of environmental regulations is significant. Incorporating the spatial spillover of environmental regulation into the model, it was found that environmental regulation not only promotes the upgrading of local industrial structure, but also to a greater extent promotes the upgrading of industrial structure in neighboring areas. Further decomposition of spatial effects shows that indirect effects are higher than direct effects, indicating that the improvement of environmental regulations has a greater driving force on the upgrading of industrial structures in neighboring regions than on local ones. The findings provide corresponding references for the government to implement environmental policies.
Beyond oblique contributions: Δr and W-mass in models with scalar leptoquarks
Authors: Marzo Carlo
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we study the dominant nonuniversal contributions to muon decay for the five scalar leptoquarks (LQs) allowed by the Standard Model gauge symmetries. By using a common computational framework, we isolate the New-Physics (NP) one-loop corrections over the observable [Formula: see text] and explore the connection with the W boson mass. We highlight the role of nonuniversal terms considering, for the [Formula: see text] doublet and triplet LQs, a completely degenerate scenario, thus cancelling/moderating the effects of the oblique parameters S, T and U. We determine simple formulas that exhibit the leading nonuniversal behavior generated by the introduction of extra Yukawa terms and confront them against a present tension in [Formula: see text] and the projected FCC-ee accuracy.
Scale Enhancement Network for Object Detection in Aerial Images
Authors: Mao Shihan , Wang Zhi , He Qineng , Zhu Zhangqing
Published: December 2023

The main challenge for object detection in aerial images is small object detection. Most existing methods use feature fusion strategies to enhance small object features in shallow layers but ignore the problem of inconsistent small object local region responses between feature layers, namely the semantic gap, which may lead to underutilization of small object information in multiple feature layers. To lift the above limitations, we propose a scale enhancement module that adaptively passes valuable small object features in different feature layers to shallow layers to alleviate the semantic gap problem. In particular, the module includes the novel fine-coarse self-attention mechanism, which captures global contextual information by performing strong interaction of pixel-level information at the local scale and weak interaction of region-level information at the global scale. In addition, the anchor assignment strategy based on the Intersection over Union (IoU) metric is not favorable for small objects as the IoU metric for small objects has a lower tolerance for position deviation compared to large ones. For this reason, we design the dynamic anchor assignment strategy with a scale-insensitive metric to assign adequate anchors to small objects. Extensive experiments on three aerial datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and adaptability of our method.
M2-YOLOX: A Novel Method for Object Detection Based on an Improved YOLOX Algorithm Introducing a Global Attention Mechanism and a Feature Enhancement Module
Authors: Bai Xiaofeng , Wu Kaijun , Bai Chenshuai
Published: December 2023

Deep learning-based algorithms for detecting objects in remote sensing images have produced excellent results recently. However, the target recognition and classification process of remote sensing images has problems such as dense targets, uneven distribution, large-scale changes and complex backgrounds. In order to improve the effectiveness of existing detection methods, based on the YOLOX algorithm, a remote sensing image object detection algorithm introducing Global Attention Mechanism (GAM) and Feature Enhancement Module (FEM) proposed, named the M2-YOLOX(GAM+FEM+YOLOX) algorithm. First, a novel GAM module is developed that employs a sequential channel-space attention mechanism and redesigns the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM), to address the issues of low effective information extraction and weak information representation of the feature map in the backbone network. CBAM is capable of amplifying global dimensional interaction features while reducing information dispersion as well. Second, the goal of the FEM is to improve the target feature extraction capabilities of the backbone feature extraction network by fusing numerous perceptual field features in lower-level feature maps. Then, the Flexible Rectified Linear Unit (FReLU) activation function is introduced under the action of feature fusion and global attention mechanism. Four-way feature map output in Feature Pyramid Networks (FPN) with Non-Maximum Suppression (NMS) and score filtering for object detection and output results. In comparison to the YOLOX algorithm, the experimental results show that the mAP value of the M2-YOLOX algorithm is improved by 0.0123, the LAMR value is decreased by 0.0150, the Precision rate value is increased by 0.105450, the Recall value is increased by 0.053250, and the mF1 value is increased by 0.0425.
Integrated Interleaved Transformer in an Isolated Full-Bridge Buck Converter
Authors: Abdelhadi Namoune , Ridha Benzidane Mohammed , Rabia Melati , Abdelkader Boukortt , Tekkouk Adda Benattia , Zineb Benbouzid
Published: December 2023

In recent years, the transformer has gained significant popularity due to its crucial role in various fields. This paper presents a design and modeling approach for an interleaved transformer integrated into an isolated full-bridge buck converter. The characteristics of the converter are first specified, followed by a description of the transformer to determine the geometric parameters. The technical characteristics, represented by analytical expressions, are addressed in the authorized electrical model of the integrated interleaved transformer. The simulations reveal the impact of the interleaved transformer’s geometric parameters on the inductance value, quality factor, and coupling coefficient. Additionally, the simulation results demonstrate that reducing the conductor width, internal diameter, and number of turns leads to a higher quality factor. To validate the proper functioning of the interleaved transformer, simulations of the isolated full-bridge buck converter are conducted. The simulations encompass both a conventional transformer and an integrated interleaved transformer, with waveforms of currents and voltages analyzed. In both cases, the simulation results exhibit strong similarities and align with the specified requirements.
An Optimal Eighth-Order One-Parameter Single-Root Finder: Chaotic Dynamics and Stability Analysis
Authors: Li Wenshuo , Wang Xiaofeng
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we focus on a class of optimal eighth-order iterative methods, initially proposed by Sharma et al., whose second step can choose any fourth-order iterative method. By selecting the first two steps as an optimal fourth-order iterative method, we derive an optimal eighth-order one-parameter iterative method, which can solve nonlinear systems. Employing fractal theory, we investigate the dynamic behavior of rational operators associated with the iterative method through the Scaling theorem and Möbius transformation. Subsequently, we conduct a comprehensive study of the chaotic dynamics and stability of the iterative method. Our analysis involves the examination of strange fixed points and their stability, critical points, and the parameter spaces generated on the complex plane with critical points as initial points. We utilize these findings to intuitively select parameter values from the figures. Furthermore, we generate dynamical planes for the selected parameter values and ultimately determine the range of unstable parameter values, thus obtaining the range of stable parameter values. The bifurcation diagram shows the influence of parameter selection on the iteration sequence. In addition, by drawing attractive basins, it can be seen that this iterative method is superior to the same-order iterative method in terms of convergence speed and average iterations. Finally, the matrix sign function, nonlinear equation and nonlinear system are solved by this iterative method, which shows the applicability of this iterative method.
Squeezed spectra and elliptic flow of bosons and anti-bosons with in-medium mass splitting
Authors: Zhang Yong , Wang Shi-Yao , Ru Peng , Wu Wei-Hua
Published: December 2023

We study the impact of the in-medium mass splitting between bosons and anti-bosons on their spectra and elliptic flow. The in-medium mass splitting may cause a separation in the transverse momentum spectra, as well as a division in the elliptic flow between bosons and anti-bosons. The magnitude of this effect becomes greater as the in-medium mass splitting increases. With the increasing rapidity, the splitting effect of the spectra increases and the splitting effect of the elliptic flow decreases. These phenomena may provide a way to differentiate whether the influences on boson and anti-boson in the medium are consistent.
Systematic investigation of proxy-SU(3) model in light nuclei
Authors: Abusara H. , Alstaty Mahmoud I.
Published: December 2023

The proxy-SU(3) model is systematically used to obtain the ground state deformation and its evolution with neutron number for several isotopic chains ([Formula: see text]–34). These outputs are compared with the results of covariant density functional theory (CDFT) as well as the finite-range droplet macroscopic model (FRDM). Even Z results show good agreement with the CDFT results, while the odd Z results show good agreement with FRDM model results.
GREEN SYNTHESIS OF Fe/Ni/Cr OXIDE NANOPARTICLES USING COSTUS PICTUS PLANT EXTRACT: MICROSTRUCTURE AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
Authors: KUMAR PRAKASH , RAMESH M. R. , DODDAMANI MRITYUNJAY , SURESH JOGHEE
Published: December 2023

Superior qualities to bulk material and larger surface area to volume ratio are some of the primary reasons that account for the wide use of nanoparticles (NPs) in biological applications. Advancements in molecular-level engineering and environmental and health concerns are driving factors in the green synthesis of NPs. Plant-based NP synthesis provides a good alternative compared to hazardous physical and chemical techniques of synthesis of NPs. An experimental study is carried out on the green synthesis of Fe/Ni/Cr oxide NPs using Costus pictus extract. The study encompassed an array of characterization techniques, including UV–visible spectroscopy for absorption properties, X-ray diffraction (XRD) for crystallinity assessment, and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to probe the presence of phenolic groups in flavonoids that influence NP formation. Surface morphology and composition were elucidated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) affirmed the NPs’ size (approximately 20 nm). The surface area of the NPs, 96.806 m2/g, was determined through BET analysis. Furthermore, the antibacterial potential of the NPs against various bacterial strains, including S. mutans, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus, was investigated using the agar well diffusion method. The NPs showed good antibacterial potential against bacterial species E. coli and P. aeruginosa.
Cooperative Product Games
Authors: Dehez Pierre
Published: December 2023

A cooperative product game is a transferable utility game defined by associating the product of given players’ coefficient to coalitions. This idea has been introduced by Rosales, D. ([2014] Cooperative product games, unpublished mimeo, www.academia.edu/40176429) where he investigates the core. Here, we analyze a corrected definition of a product game and cover the Shapley value to which we provide an axiomatic foundation.
Response Characteristics and Suppression of Vortex-Induced Vibration of the Flexible Cable
Authors: Han Yan , Chen Xu , Zhou Xuhui , Yang Junfeng , Hu Peng , Yan Hubin
Published: December 2023

To investigate the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of a flexible cable in the uniform flow, experiments were conducted using a flexible cable with an external diameter of 80[Formula: see text]mm and a length of 10.48[Formula: see text]m in the wind tunnel. The characteristics of multi-modal VIV, time-frequency and traveling wave behavior of the flexible cable were analyzed. Moreover, the effects of twist direction, diameter and the single/double helical wire on the VIV characteristics of the flexible cable were investigated. It is found that the flexible cable experiences single and multi-modal VIVs in uniform flow at different incoming wind speeds, respectively. For the multi-modal VIV of the flexible cable, the vibration over the time history is dominated by two adjacent modal frequencies and shows a phenomenon of beat vibration. The multi-modal VIV responses of the flexible cable show a mix of standing and traveling wave behaviors, in which the effects of standing wave are more pronounced near both ends and the effects of traveling wave are more dominant in the middle region of the flexible cable. The twist direction of the helical wire has little effect on the VIV responses of the flexible cable. The VIV amplitudes of the flexible cable can be reduced by a single helical wire. With the diameter of the helical wire increases, the suppression effects of the single or double helical wire on the VIV of the flexible cable can be improved. Particularly, the double helical wire with diameter 0.10D can effectively suppress the VIV of the flexible cable.
Mechanism and Influence Research on the Bending and Torsion Damping of Composite Hollow Tube
Authors: Yang Mo , Xi Jianan , Hu Haonan , Qin Tao , Wang Yikun
Published: December 2023

The internal damping has a significant influence on the dynamic performance of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) drive shaft. In this paper, the traditional damping strain energy model of composite structures was modified using the reverse off-axis transformation. The damping ratio of CFRP hollow tube pieces is then tested using the vibration method, and the accuracy and efficiency of the modified damping numerical model are verified. Meanwhile, the modified model was proposed to study the damping characteristics and contribution rate of the CFRP hollow tube. The results show the influence law of the laminate parameters on the bending and torsion damping of the CFRP hollow tube. How the strain energy dissipation affects the damping of the CFRP hollow tube is discussed, and the mechanism relationship between the laminate parameters and damping is explored. This study provides theoretical guidance for the design of the bending and torsion damping of CFRP hollow tube.
Analysis of the Deformation and Dynamics of High-Speed Railway Bridge Under the Coupling Effect of Shield Tunneling and Train Load
Authors: Xiao Jianhang , Wang Xiaorui , Huang Chunhui , Zhang Zhao
Published: December 2023

In order to study the dynamic response of high-speed railway bridge and its deformation law under the coupling effect of vibration load and shield tunneling, a coupling model of shield tunneling and train load is established based on the actual case of tunneling under an adjacent bridge. The deformation characteristics and dynamic response of the bridge are investigated by analyzing the deformation under different tunneling conditions and train running speeds. The results show that the maximum disturbance of the original stress field around the bridge is caused when the shield penetrates to the near side of the bridge structure, at which time, the damping effect of the ground and bridge system on the vibration load is weakened, thus intensifying the dynamic response of the bridge system, and the additional deformation caused by the vibration load is the largest; the presence of train loads during the shield excavation slightly attenuates the differential settlement of the bridge, but increases the cumulative settlement of the bridge, in addition, the additional deformation of the bridge will increase with the increase of the train running speed; the additional deformation caused by the train load within 2[Formula: see text]m of the shield crossing on both sides of the bridge is large, so the construction should be avoided as much as possible when the train is running in this construction section.
Facile Fabrication of Graded-Refractive-Index SiO2 Antireflective Films with Enhanced Laser Damage Resistance
Authors: Yang Jie , Li Jun , Wei Zhantao , Wang Tao , Jiang Hang , Xiao Likang , Lan Jianghe , Zhu Jiayi , Liu Xiaoru , Xu Gang , Gao Zhipeng , Xiong Zhengwei
Published: December 2023

The graded-refractive-index SiO2 antireflective (AR) films were prepared using the sol–gel method. A monolayer with a porous nanonetwork structure was designed as the mixed volume ratio of 70:30 between the alkali- and acid-catalyzed SiO2 sols. As the top layer, the hexamethylisilazane (HMDS) modified alkali catalyzed SiO2 sols induced SiO2 nanoparticles transforming from hydrophilic to hydrophobic nature. In comparison with the structures of monolayer and bilayer films, the AR properties and laser damage resistance were investigated in detail. By designing the nanostructures of the bottom and top layers, the graded- refractive-index SiO2 film was obtained, consequently enhancing the AR performance. In the bilayer film, the transmittance reached [Formula: see text]98%@532 nm and 97%@1064 nm, respectively, corresponding to the obvious reduction of reflectivity. The assembly of the bilayer SiO2 film increased the laser-induced damage threshold by [Formula: see text]30% from 25.3 J/cm2 (monolayer) to 33.1 J/cm2 (bilayer). The inducement of laser damage was further revealed by the analysis of morphological changes induced by laser damage, attributing to the initiator absorption of environmental contaminations. Therefore, the SiO2 film not only provided a graded-refractive-index structure with good AR performance, but also had high laser damage resistance. The unique graded-refractive-index structure of SiO2 AR films offers a new strategy for improving the performance of optical components in high-power laser systems.
Effectiveness of Graphene Nano-Ribbon Tunnel Field Effect Transistor for Bio-Molecular Identification
Authors: Nayana G. H. , Vimala P.
Published: December 2023

This paper examines the Double gate Graphene Nano-ribbon Tunnel Field-Effect Transistor (DG GNR TFET) for bio-sensing applications. The biomolecules are Streptavidin, APTES, Biotin, DNA and protein. Differentiation between biomolecules is possible based on dielectric permittivity and charge concentration. The protein switching ratio ([Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] is 25.7 times that of Streptavidin and around 300 times that without any biomolecule in the cavity. The maximum current sensitivity among the biomolecules is achieved by protein biomolecule for VGS = 0.7[Formula: see text]V. The sub-threshold swing obtained for a biomolecule in DG GNR TFET is 40 mV/dec compared to that of 80[Formula: see text]mV/dec for an empty cavity. The device characteristics reveal that the drain current is maximum with a biomolecule in a cavity compared to an empty cavity. Results obtained emphasize that double gate Graphene Nano-Ribbon TFET is suitable as a biosensor. The simulations are executed using Silvaco Technology Computer Aided Design (TCAD).
Photoacoustic elastography based on laser-excited shear wave
Authors: Liu Yang , Shi Ruoyi , Li Gang , Sun Mingjian
Published: December 2023

Elastography can be used as a diagnostic method for quantitative characterization of tissue hardness information and thus, differential changes in pathophysiological states of tissues. In this study, we propose a new method for shear wave elastography (SWE) based on laser-excited shear wave, called photoacoustic shear wave elastography (PASWE), which combines photoacoustic (PA) technology with ultrafast ultrasound imaging. By using a focused laser to excite shear waves and ultrafast ultrasonic imaging for detection, high-frequency excitation of shear waves and noncontact elastic imaging can be realized. The laser can stimulate the tissue with the light absorption characteristic to produce the thermal expansion, thus producing the shear wave. The frequency of shear wave induced by laser is higher and the frequency band is wider. By tracking the propagation of shear wave, Young’s modulus of tissue is reconstructed in the whole shear wave propagation region to further evaluate the elastic information of tissue. The feasibility of the method is verified by experiments. Compared with the experimental results of supersonic shear imaging (SSI), it is proved that the method can be used for quantitative elastic imaging of the phantoms. In addition, compared with the SSI method, this method can realize the noncontact excitation of the shear wave, and the frequency of the shear wave excited by the laser is higher than that of the acoustic radiation force (ARF), so the spatial resolution is higher. Compared to the traditional PA elastic imaging method, this method can obtain a larger imaging depth under the premise of ensuring the imaging resolution, and it has potential application value in the clinical diagnosis of diseases requiring noncontact quantitative elasticity.
On the (total) restrained double Italian domination of central of graphs
Authors: Abdullah Mohannad , Mojdeh Doost Ali
Published: December 2023

Let [Formula: see text] be a graph with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. A double Italian dominating function (DIDF) of [Formula: see text] is a function [Formula: see text] having the property that for every vertex [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], if [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text], if [Formula: see text]. The weight of a DIDF is [Formula: see text]. The double Italian domination number is the minimum weight taken over all DIDFs of [Formula: see text] and denoted by [Formula: see text]. Two domination parameters related to the DIDF are restrained, and total restrained DID function which are studied on some graphs. A central graph [Formula: see text] of a graph [Formula: see text] is obtained by subdividing each edge of [Formula: see text] exactly once and joining all the non-adjacent vertices of [Formula: see text].

In this paper, we obtain the exact value for restrained and total restrained of double Italian domination number of central of custom graphs and in addition, we determine the sharp bounds for central of any graph.
Some bounds for the captive domination number of graphs
Authors: Shaveisi Farzad , Moshtagh Hossein
Published: December 2023

A proper subset [Formula: see text] of vertices in the graph [Formula: see text] is a captive dominating set if it is a total dominating set and each vertex in [Formula: see text] dominates at least one vertex which does not belong to [Formula: see text]; also, the captive domination number of [Formula: see text], denoted by [Formula: see text], is the cardinality of a minimum captive dominating set of [Formula: see text]. In [M. N. Al-Harere, A. A. Omran and A. T. Breesam, Captive domination in graphs, Discrete Math. Algorithms Appl. 12(6) (2020) 2050076], Al-Harere et al., presented some lower and upper bounds for the captive domination number of [Formula: see text], using the number of vertices and edges. Here, we present some upper bounds for [Formula: see text], using independence number and clique number. Also, the captive domination number of split graphs is studied. Among other results, some lower bounds for the captive domination number, in terms of maximum degree and the number of vertices with maximum degree, are presented.
Molecular Dynamics Study on the Binding Characteristics and Transport Mechanism of Polysaccharides with Different Molecular Weights in Camellia Oleifera Abel.
Authors: Zhai Jihang , Fan Fangfang , Wang Chaojie , Zhang Zhiyang , Zhang Sheng , Zhao Yuan
Published: December 2023

[Formula: see text]-Glucosidases catalyze the hydrolysis of the [Formula: see text]-glucosidic bond located at the non-reducing ends of substrates, resulting in the release of glucose. [Formula: see text]-glucosidase is an important drug target for controlling type 2 diabetes. Previous studies have shown that polysaccharide isolated and purified from Camellia oleifera Abel exhibits hypoglycemic properties. In this study, the mode in which the polysaccharide binds and the associated binding free energy, as well as the release mechanism dependent on hydrogen bonding, has been elucidated through the integration of multiple molecular dynamic simulations. Residues Arg200 and Arg400 located at the active site of [Formula: see text]-glucosidase play a major role in polysaccharide binding, primarily through electrostatic and hydrogen-bonding interactions. The optimal route for the transportation of polysaccharides has been identified, and a comprehensive analysis of the thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics has been discussed through the application of umbrella sampling techniques. The dynamic delivery properties of [Formula: see text]-glucosidase suggest that the energy barrier necessary for the escape of disaccharides is approximately 12 kcal/mol. This barrier primarily arises from the interactions of hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. The results of this study provide a basic understanding of the ligand transport mechanism based on the environment of [Formula: see text]-glucosidase, which has practical value for the future design and development of C. oleifera polysaccharides as hypoglycemic drugs.