bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of body condition on alfaxalone induction dosage requirement in dogs
Authors: Perez Bartolome , Martinez Cristina , Jimenez Carolina
Published: November 2023

Background:
Alfaxalone is commonly used in veterinary anaesthesia for induction of general anaesthesia in dogs. However, it has been associated with dose-dependent cardiovascular depression. Therefore, the administration of liposoluble, intravenous-administered injectable induction agents, such as alfaxalone, is recommended to be based on the dog’s lean body mass.
Aim:
To determine the influence of body condition score (BCS) on intravenous (IV) alfaxalone dose requirements to achieve endotracheal intubation in dogs.
Methods:
Prospective clinical study. A group of 34 dogs undergoing general anaesthesia (GA) for diagnostic and/or surgical procedures, body weight (BW) > 4 kg, BCS > 2, age 1-14 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification I-III. Dogs were allocated to two different groups according to their BCS: non-overweight group (NOW) BCS: 3-5; and over-weight group (OW) BCS: 6-9. All dogs were premedicated IV with methadone 0.2 mg kg-1, and anaesthesia was induced by a slow IV infusion of alfaxalone at 1 mg kg-1 minute-1, delivered with a syringe driver, until loss of jaw tone and no/minimal gagging reflex sufficient to allow endotracheal intubation was achieved. The total dose of alfaxalone and the occurrence of post-induction apnoea were recorded.
The Shapiro-Wilk test was performed to test for normality A Chi-square test was performed to compared the incidence of post-induction apnoea between groups and the Mann-Whitney U test was performed to compare the induction dose of alfaxalone between groups. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results:
The mean dose ± standard deviation of alfaxalone in NOW was 2.18 ± 0.59 mg kg-1 and in OW it was 1.63 ± 0.26 mg kg-1 (p = 0.002). Sedation score did not differ between groups. Postinduction apnoea occurred in 6 of 17 animals in NOW and 15 of 17 in OW (p = 0.002).
Conclusion:
The dose of IV alfaxalone per kg of total body mass required to achieved endotracheal intubation was lower in overweight dogs, suggesting that lean body mass should be considered when calculating IV anaesthetic doses. The incidence of post-induction apnoea was higher in overweight/obese dogs with alfaxalone administered at a rate of 1 mg kg-1 minute-1.
Echocardiographic characterization of cardiac chambers and vasculatures in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) during diastolic and systolic phases
Authors: Khalphallah Arafat , Elmeligy Enas , Khesruf Khaled , Mohammed Haitham , Abdulkarim Abdulrahman , Seida Ashraf , lethie Al
Published: November 2023

Background:
Ultrasonography had diagnostic importance in the evaluation of different diseases in buffaloes, including cardiovascular diseases.
Aim:
The current work describes the normal echocardiographic findings in healthy buffaloes, along with establishing reference values for echocardiographic dimensions for both sides of the heart i.e. left and right ones.
Methods:
About 30 healthy adult buffaloes that belonged to private farms in Assiut, Egypt, were included in this study. Each animal underwent a complete clinical evaluation as well as haematological analyses, lipid profile indices, liver functions, cardio-thoracic radiography and echocardiography to confirm no diseased conditions were detected. The study was conducted on healthy buffaloes (n = 30) in Assiut Governorate, Egypt.
Results:
The obtained results reported healthy buffaloes with normal clinical findings as well as indices of blood pictures and serum biochemicals that were within the reference intervals. Radiography revealed free reticulum and a well-defined diaphragm. The heart was seen as a typical radio-opaque organ. Ultrasonographically, using gray scale B-mode and M-mode, the heart was commonly imaged from the left 4th intercostal space. Different echocardiographic views were described, including the 4 chamber view, i.e., right atrium (RA), right ventricle (RV), tricuspid valve (TCV), left atrium (LA), left ventricle (LV), mitral valve (MV), and interventricular septum (IVS), and the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT), i.e., Right atrium (RA), tricuspid valve (TCV), right ventricle (RV), pulmonary artery (PA), and pulmonary valve (PV). Cross sections in each of the apex and base of the heart were described. Echocardiographic dimensions during cardiac diastole and systole included diameters and wall thickness of each of atria and ventricles were demonstrated. Interventricular septal thickness wall thickness as well as diameters of aorta and pulmonary artery were stated.
Conclusion:
The work tried to put reference values on the normal echocardiographic dimensions using two-dimensional B mode gray scale ultrasonography in healthy adult buffaloes. These echocardiographic reference dimensions with normal echocardiographic imaging will be very helpful in enhancing the diagnostic efficacy of ultrasounds for recognizing the abnormal findings related to cardiac disorders.
Molecular identification and cross immunogenic study on two field isolates of Mycoplasma synoviae isolated from broilers in five districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Authors: Rehman Atta , Shah Abdul , Rahman Sajjad , Rehman Saifur , Shah Muhammad , Lokapirnasari Widya , Khan Imdadullah , Malik Inamullah , Yulianto Andreas
Published: November 2023

Background:
Mycoplasma synoviae is an important poultry pathogen causing heavy economic losses Worldwide. Subclinical persistence of this pathogen is the major issue to control its prevalence.
Aim:
This study aimed to determine the molecular and cross immunogenicity of Mycoplasma synoviae among broiler in five Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
Methods:
This study was conducted by collecting 434 specimen samples from 40 broiler farms and desi poultry in five districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Specimen samples from the broiler birds (n=150), broiler farm environment (n= 264) and desi poultry birds (n=20) were aseptically collected and serially passaged in Modified Frey’s broth. The homologous and heterologous antibody reactions were studied in rabbits. Prior to inoculation into rabbits the MS isolates were inactivated by formalin and adjuvanted with Montanide.
Results:
The overall turbidity prevalence in Frey’s broth was observed as 109/434 (25.11%) samples and these turbidity positive samples were shifted on Frey’s agar. After the appearance of classic fried egg colonies, the Biochemical confirmation was supported by production of Catalase and Phosphatase, reduction of Tetrazolium, Film and spot Assay and fermentation of Glucose for specie differentiation in avian mycoplasma. The MS prevalence percentage was recorded as 2% (9/434) through biochemical tests. The PCR results showed 0.5% MS prevalence with two field isolates (named as MS-1 and MS-2). Both MS-1 and MS-2 field isolates showed similar value (42.2) of homologous GMT titers. While the heterologous GMT for MS-1 serum against MS-2 isolate was lower (27.9) as compared to MS-2 serum against MS1 isolate (38.9). No titer was detected in control group (Group-III).
Conclusion:
In conclusion the results indicated the existence of MS in broiler birds and high homologous titers recorded between fields isolates which is a perpetual menace to poultry.
JURIDICAL STUDY ON CRIMINAL ACTS OF ONLINE TOGEL GAMBLING
Authors: Mawaridi Gholib Yudha , Nita Surya , Zulfa Eva Achjani
Published: November 2023

Online gambling has gained popularity worldwide as a major entertainment industry. However, this growth has also brought about concerns regarding criminal activities such as fraud, money laundering, and illegal gambling operations. This study aims to analyze the considerations of judges in sentencing online gambling crimes and proving online togel gambling crimes. The research adopts a normative juridical approach (legal research) to examine the application of rules or norms in positive law using a statute-based approach. The analysis reveals that Article 303 and Article 303 Bis of the Criminal Code are utilized to address online gambling crimes, particularly online togel gambling. Although Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Amendments to Law Number 11 of 2011 regarding Electronic Information and Transactions can serve as a legal basis, it was not applied in this case. When deciding a criminal case, judges must take into account various factors, including ensuring that the actions charged meet the formulation of the offense and are in violation of the law, assessing the defendant's ability to be held accountable, and considering any justifications presented. Furthermore, the judge should also consider objective requirements, such as a complete indictment, case submission letter, and the case file. In the context of online togel gambling, evidence is evaluated using the theory of the Negative Legal System, which mandates at least two valid pieces of evidence as stipulated in Article 184 of the Criminal Procedure Code, in conjunction with the judge's own belief. Despite the availability of the Information and Electronic Transactions (ITE) Law as a legal basis, this study demonstrates the continued reliance on Article 303 of the Criminal Code for such cases, indicating that the principle of lex specialis derogat legi generali (specific laws override general laws) does not apply.
Application of Augmented Reality for Furniture Catalogs
Authors: Fachrurozi Hamzah , Wibowo Adityo Permana
Published: November 2023

In the current rapidly developing era of technology and telecommunications, promotional media has become a crucial factor in business, particularly for furniture stores. Although the use of sales catalogs in print media is already common, it often leaves customers dissatisfied because it is only two-dimensional and requires a visit to the store. Therefore, more attractive and innovative promotional media is necessary to increase the appeal and sales value of a store. One technology that can be utilized for this purpose is Augmented Reality (AR) technology, which combines the real and virtual worlds in an Android-based catalog. A catalog application with AR technology can display furniture products in real-time and facilitate customers in selecting furniture by presenting a 3D image of the product from various angles. It is expected that customers will be more interested in furniture catalogs that use Augmented Reality technology and increase the store's sales value.
El uso de la fuerza en las protestas violentas y el imperio de la ley
Authors:   Centro de Altos Estudios Nacionales- Escuela de Posgrado, Del Pozo Guillén Raúl
Published: November 2023

In terms of the National Security and Defense Doctrine, the rule of law is expressed as the democratic constitutional State of law, in which the supremacy of the Political Constitution governs in the course of the republican life of Peru. Every modern and orderly society imposes the law before the illegal actions that some of its citizens may incur, since the rights of other people and national interests are of greater preeminence before the violence that is the consequence of any protest. Despite this perogrullo truth,it is necessary to find an adequate balance that guarantees the protection of individual and collective rights, at the same time that the security of the country is safeguarded
La Ruta Perdida del Oro Peruano y sus implicancias en la Seguridad Nacional
Authors:   Centro de Altos Estudios Nacionales- Escuela de Posgrado, Saenz Vertiz Alberto
Published: November 2023

In Peru, the mining sector has managed to improve the country's economy and society, contributing up to 10% of PIB and the main minerals are copper, zinc and gold, whose national exports represented more than 60% in 2019, being the gold the second most important mining product. The mining legal regulations that began in 1992, backed by the Peruvian Constitution, have managed to give the necessary impetus to turn this sector into the engine of the nationaleconomy; however, gold production in remote areas ofthe country still have governance problems that create opportunities for organized crime and illegal mining activity, facilitated by factors such as institutional weakness, corruption, poverty, an economy based on money in cash and high levels of informality that affect national security. Peru has complex and substantial challenges in the fight against the illegal gold tradeand despite the time that has elapsed, it requires priority and effective attention, which benefits the inhabitants of those remote areas of the country.
El fenómeno de la informalidad en el Perú: Desafíos y oportunidades para la Seguridad Nacional
Authors:   Universidad San Pedro, Ramos Navarro Mirkala Janneth
Published: November 2023

Informality in Peru is not a new phenomenon and although several measures have been implemented in recent years to mitigate it, the truth is that they have had little or no effect in achieving this objective. This problem would seem to be due not only to temporary issues such as the growth of the economy or social stability in the country but mainly to structural factors which, in sum, have generated a national rate of over 70% informality. This situation is extremely serious because it weakens the formal economy, fosters corruption and organized crime, and affects citizen security; therefore, it is a major constraint to development and, since this is the basis for national security, it is necessary that the analysis be carried out from a multidimensional perspective to ensure the stability of the country. In this sense, the causes, and consequences of informality in Peru have been reviewed to describe the opportunities in terms of employment and business innovation as well as the challenges in terms of loss of tax revenues and limitations for sustainable economic development.
Formulation, Optimization, and Evaluation of Moringa oleifera leaf polyphenol-loaded phytosome delivery system against breast cancer cell lines
Authors:   , Ndung’u Jecinta
Published: November 2023

Active plant molecules like polyphenols have been repositioned increasingly utilized for managing breast cancer traditionally. However, polyphenols possess poor lipid miscibility, that results in poor bioavailability and decreased efficacy. ‘Phytosome’ is a plant based nanocarrier that improves the bioavailability of the polyphenols. The purpose of this study was to improve the bioavailability of Moringa oleifera Lam leaf polyphenols (Mopp) through encapsulation with phytosomes to enhance their activity on 4T1 cancer cell lines. The Mopp phytosomes were extracted by microwave-assisted extraction. Moringa oleifera polyphenols-loaded phytosomes (MoP) were prepared by the nanoprecipitation method and characterized by a dynamic light scattering technique. The ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy determined the percentage entrapment efficiency (EE%). Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy assessed MoP formation. The dialysis membrane technique investigated in vitro drug release while storage stability test analysis identified MoP stability. The in vitro cytotoxic activity of MoP on E6 Vero cell lines and anti-proliferative activity on 4T1 cancer cell lines were investigated by MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay, while female Swiss albino mice were used to assess acute toxicity. Results showed that MoP average particle size was 296±0.29 nm, a zeta-potential of -40.1±1.19 mV, and polydispersity index of 0.106±0.002. The Mopp total phenolic content was 50.81±0.02 mg GAE/g, EE% was 90.32±0.11%, while FTIR spectra demonstrated successful formation of phytosomes. The drug release profiles demonstrated biphasic behavior of immediate burst release and subsequent prolonged sustained release. The in vitro cytotoxicity assays indicated that the MoP had low cytotoxic effect of 98.84±0.53 μg/mL on E6 Vero cells; while doxorubicin had 68.35±3.51while Mopp was 212.9±1.30 μg/mL. Moreover, MoP exhibited the highest antiproliferative effect on 4T1 cancer cells with an inhibitory concentration of 7.73±2.87 μg/mL and selectivity index >3. The results indicated a significant difference (p≤ 0.001) in MoP when compared to Mopp and doxorubicin. In vivo investigation confirmed the safety of MoP on mice at a dose below 2000 mg/kg. The present findings suggest that the MoP can serve as an effective and promising formulation for breast cancer drug delivery in cancer therapy.
Assessing The Use Of Audio-visual Aided Instruction In Teaching And Learning Of Chemistry In Secondary Schools In Ankpa. L.g.a. Of Kogi State, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Kogi State College of Education, Ankpa, 2Department of Integrated Science, Kogi State College of Education, Ankpa, Abdulmalik Nefisat , Mathew Femi David ,   Department of Chemistry, Kogi State College of Education, Ankpa, 2Department of Integrated Science, Kogi State College of Education, Ankpa, Omananyi Emmanuel Omonogu ,   Department of Chemistry, Kogi State College of Education, Ankpa, 2Department of Integrated Science, Kogi State College of Education, Ankpa, Azeez Akeem Ayinla ,   Department of Chemistry, Kogi State College of Education, Ankpa, 2Department of Integrated Science, Kogi State College of Education, Ankpa
Published: November 2023

This work investigates the use of audio-visual aided instruction in the teaching and learning of Chemistry in Senior Secondary Schools in Ankpa Local Government Area of Kogi State. A descriptive survey was employed. The population of the study comprises of Nine Hundred and Twenty (920) Chemistry Students and Teachers. Sample size of 220 comprising 20 teachers and 200 students from 10 selected secondary schools was employed. The instrument for data collection was questionnaire. The data were analyzed using frequency table and percentage. The findings revealed that few audio-visual materials like posters, pictures, chalkboard and models are used for chemistry teaching and learning. Other ones like computer with internet services, projectors and so on are neither available nor utilized. It was however, recommended that the Government, school managers and stakeholders, parents and caregivers should ensure that they provide necessary facilities for effective teaching and teachers should ensure proper utilization of facilities while they try to improvise audio-visual materials where necessary, as these will enhance effective chemistry teaching and learning.
Edukasi Pentingnya Pangan Sehat untuk Anak Usia Dini bagi Orang Tua dan Guru di TK Insani 1, Bekasi
Authors: Febrinasari Tantry , Riandani Andini Putri , Supriyati Supriyati
Published: November 2023

Anak usia dini sedang mengalami masa pertumbuhan dan perkembangan yang pesat. Gizi merupakan salah satu faktor mutlak yang diperlukan oleh tubuh dan memegang peranan penting dalam menunjang tumbuh kembang serta kesehatan anak usia dini secara optimal. Setiap harinya anak usia dini memerlukan asupan gizi yang cukup dan seimbang. Orang tua dan guru sebagai lingkungan terdekat anak memiliki peran sangat sentral terhadap pemenuhan gizi anak yakni dengan memberikan pangan yang sehat sehingga asupan gizi yang dibutuhkan tercukupi dengan baik. Permasalahannya, pemahaman orang tua terhadap pentingnya memberikan asupan pangan yang sehat dan sesuai dengan kebutuhan anak usia dini masih sangat terbatas sehingga praktiknya cenderung tidak maksimal. Salah satu permasalahan yang sering terjadi di lingkungan anak usia dini adalah banyak orang tua yang kurang bijak dalam memberikan produk pangan kemasan atau junkfood yang minim gizi pada anak. Kegiatan seminar edukasi pentingnya pangan sehat bagi anak usia dini ini diadakan di TK Insani 1, Kecamatan Tambun Selatan, Kabupaten Bekasi. Kegiatan ini dimaksudkan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan para peserta seminar, yang merupakan orang tua murid dan guru, tentang pentingnya pangan sehat dan gizi seimbang anak usia serta mampu memahami konsep konsumsi berkesadaran/mindful consumption sehingga anak usia dini memiliki pola makan yang lebih sehat dengan gizi yang cukup dan seimbang untuk menunjang  tumbuh kembang serta kesehatannya secara optimal.
Effects of Aqua-acupuncture on Wound Healing in Rainbow Trout
Authors: Kelican Ashley , Huysman Nathan , Voorhees Jill M. , Barnes Michael E.
Published: November 2023

This study investigated the effect of a single aqua-acupuncture (aqua-AP) treatment on wound healing after surgical ventral incision in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Three experiments were conducted using 20 fish per experiment (10 aqua-AP, 10 non-acupuncture): 1) ventral incision closed with two sutures and insertion of an acoustic transmitter, 2) ventral incision closed with two sutures (no transmitter), and 3) unclosed ventral incision. Aqua-acupuncture was performed by injecting a 0.25 mL bleb of vitamin B12 - saline mixture intramuscularly at 4 points around the surgical site. Statistical differences between aqua-AP and non-acupuncture for survival, transmitter retention, wound closure and redness (inflammation) were conducted (p<0.05). Experiment 1 had significantly lower (p=0.007) redness scores with aqua-AP treatment when compared to non-acupuncture. In the second and third experiments, there were no significant differences in wound closure times or redness, and acoustic transmitter retention was not significantly different between treatments. Experiment 3 had granuloma formation (50% both groups) in place of skin edge closure at 6 weeks. By study termination (12 weeks), only 1 aqua-AP fish still had a granuloma compared to 4 fish in non-acupuncture (p<0.04). There were no significant differences in wound closure times (aqua-AP versus non-acupuncture). While the overall results of this study were inconclusive for wound healing time, the decreased redness (Experiment 1) and improved granuloma resolution (Experiment 3) suggest that there may be potential benefit from aqua-AP use in rainbow trout wound healing. Aqua-AP appears safe to use on fish with future research directed at technique refinement.
Ist das Rechtsgüterschutz oder kann das weg?
Authors: Harrer Teresa
Published: November 2023

Die (straf-)rechtliche Regulierung der Prostitution/Sexarbeit ist seit Jahren nicht nur in feministischen Kreisen hoch umstritten. Insbesondere die Diskussion um die Einführung eines Sexkauf-Verbots nach schwedischem Vorbild kommt nicht zum Erliegen. Weniger heiß diskutiert werden die bestehenden strafrechtlichen Vorschriften, die die Prostitution betreffen. Dabei lohnt sich der Blick in den 13. und 18. Abschnitt des StGB, denn hier wird der ambivalente Blick des Gesetzgebers auf das Phänomen Prostitution/Sexarbeit einmal mehr deutlich.
Cultural Influences and Organizational Performance
Authors:   Garden City Premier Business School, Port Harcourt-Nigeria, Opuala-Charles Silva , Ibigbemi Seun Samuel
Published: November 2023

This study conducted an analysis of extant empirical research on organizational culture and its impact on organizational performance. The objective is examine various dimensions of organizational culture and performance, providing a nuanced conceptual framework. Through an extensive review of the literature, it showed that organizational culture exerts a substantial influence on the functioning, personnel dynamics, and operational execution across a diverse array of enterprises. Research posits that when employees exhibit dedication and align with the core values of their employers, they markedly enhance their performance in advancing the organization's overarching objectives. It is recommended, among other measures, that managers and executives be actively encouraged to cultivate a robust organizational culture, thereby bolstering the collective performance of the workforce and fortifying the overall viability of the business. Keywords: Cultural Influences; Organization Culture; Organization Performance; Employee’s Commitment
KUMKAPI’DA BİR GÜLŞENİHANE: MUHSİNE HATUN TEKKESİ
Authors: DEMİRDİL Mahmut , YILDIZ Muhammed Ali
Published: November 2023

Muhsine Hâtun Tekkesi, Gülşeniyye tarîkatının İstanbul’da kurulan ilk tekkelerinden biridir. Şehrin ilk Gülşenîhâneleri, XV. yüzyılda tarîkatın kurucusu ve pîri İbrâhim Gülşenî tarafından halife bırakılan Hasan Zarîfî Efendi öncülüğünde kurulmuştur. Bu tekkeler; Rumelihisarı’nda bulunan Durmuş Dede Tekkesi ile Kumkapı’da kurulan, tahsis edildiği zamanlar kiliseden bozma bir mescit durumunda olan Muhsine Hâtun Tekkesi’dir. Hasan Zarîfî Efendi’nin uzun yıllar şeyhliğini yaptığı Durmuş Dede Tekkesi hakkında oldukça detaylı çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Ancak Gülşenîlik için şehirde ayrı bir değeri ve önemi olduğunu düşündüğümüz Muhsine Hâtun Tekkesi hakkında münhasıran bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu nedenle kadın vakıflarının ilgi çeken bir saha olduğu göz önünde bulundurularak Muhsine Hâtun Tekkesi’nin de ayrıca ele alındığı, araştırmacılara derlenmiş bilgiler sunacak bir çalışma yapılmasına ihtiyaç duyulmuştur. Gülşenîliğin İstanbul süreci Sadrâzam İbrâhim Paşa, Kanûnî Sultan Süleyman ve İbrâhim Gülşenî ekseninde yaşanan gelişmeleri ile dikkat çekici bir arka plana sahiptir. Bu hâdiselerin, ileride ihyâ edilecek olan yapıda etkili olabileceği ihtimaline de kapı aralanmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı, yaklaşık 500 yıllık mazisiyle Kumkapı’nın anıtsal yapılarından biri olan Muhsine Hâtun Tekkesi’nin tarihsel sürecinde yaşanan olayları, etkilendiği afetleri, mimari özellikleri ve şeyhleri ile incelenmeye çalışılmasıdır. Çalışmamız fotoğraflarla desteklendiği gibi yapının önceki yıllara ait durumlarıyla da karşılaştırılmıştır. Doküman/belgesel tarama ve saha incelemesi tekniklerinden yararlandığımız çalışma, Gülşeniyye tarîkatının İstanbul’daki Muhsine Hâtun Tekkesi ile sınırlandırılmıştır.
Estimation of Urban Forest Carbon Stocks Considering Future Land-Use Change Scenarios: Case of Izmir City Core
Authors: Özkan Ufuk , Eker Remzi
Published: November 2023

Urban forests play a crucial role in mitigating climate change by sequestering and storing carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. However, rapid urbanization and land-use changes have threatened these fragile ecosystems. Therefore, in-depth assessment of their carbon stocks under future scenarios is required with proper methods. This study focuses on the İzmir City Core as an exemplary case to estimate the potential impact of land-use changes on urban forest carbon stocks. It was aimed to simulate future land-use change based on past urban development trends according to CORINE maps, demographic projections, and policy implementations. Future land-use changes simulations were made with GeoSOS-FLUS software by considering two scenarios: I) assuming current land-use change trend would be same in future, and II) assuming current urban forest would be protected. The analysis reveals important variations in urban forest carbon stocks across different land-use scenarios. These findings underscore the significance of adopting environmentally sensitive land-use policies for preserving and enhancing urban forests' carbon sequestration capacity. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of urban forest quality and its potential role in climate change adaptation and urban resilience. Moreover, it emphasizes the value of using innovative technologies and methodologies to accurately estimate urban forest carbon stocks in the face of dynamic land-use changes. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the estimation of urban forest carbon stocks under various land-use changes scenarios within the İzmir City Core. The findings offer a foundation for evidence-based policymaking, fostering sustainable urban planning, and promoting the importance of urban forest conservation in combating climate change.
Low Carbon Technologies in Green Buildings
Authors: Nur Ahmet , Nur Nur Sabah
Published: November 2023

Increasing population, industry, and developing technology, rising energy need, running out of fossil fuels, and limited existing energy resources have made it necessary to work on the efficient use of energy. In this context, energy efficient building design approaches have found an important place in interdisciplinary studies in recent years. Green building systems are nano-technology building automation control systems that facilitate home life and provide security. By integrating living spaces with developing technologies, it transforms it into a more comfortable, safer, and more enjoyable way of life. Green buildings enable building owners, building managers, and users to achieve their goals in cost, energy management, comfort, convenience, security, long-term flexibility, and visuality. Low carbon technologies, also known as green technology, are defined as the development and implementation of systems that are used to protect the natural environment, resources, and minimize the negative effects of human activities. The main objectives of low carbon technologies are; to control global warming, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and develop innovative inventions that do not affect natural resources. In general, the necessity of low carbon technologies is related to reducing risks to the environment and protecting natural resources. At the same time, low carbon technologies enable the use of clean and renewable energy sources to prevent the complete depletion of other non-renewable resources. It is very important to use low-carbon technologies for the effective use of energy in buildings and not to pollute the environment. In this study, green buildings and low carbon technologies that can be used in these buildings are researched and suggestions are made.
Carbon and Nitrogen Storage Capacities of Soils of Different Land Use in Karstic Ecosystems
Authors: Küçük Ayşe Sena , Dindaroğlu Turgay , Babur Emre
Published: November 2023

There are significant differences in carbon and nitrogen storage of soils developed under to different land uses in areas where climate, bedrock and other external factors are similar. This study was carried out to determine soil carbon and nitrogen stocks of forest (O), Agriculture (T) and bare (B) areas, including Ahir Mountain Green belt afforestation area in Kahramanmaraş province. Disturbed and undisturbed soil samples (72 in total) were collected from the topsoil (0-20 cm) of 36 systematically determined points on Mount Ahir. Soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (N) and bulk weight (BD) analyzes were made in soil samples. The amount of carbon and nitrogen stored in the area was estimated by using the data obtained as a result of the analyzes and the inequalities. According to the data, the amount of carbon stored in forest, agriculture and clearing areas is 75.49 t C Ha-1, 73.56 t C Ha-1 and 47.31 t C Ha-1; the amount of stored nitrogen was found to be 6.05 t N Ha-1, 7.67 t N Ha-1 and 4.40 t N Ha-1. Forest soils have approximately 46% more carbon than bare areas soils and 5% more than agricultural soils. In terms of total nitrogen amount, it was found 20% higher in the soils of agricultural areas compared to forest and 50% more than in bare space soils. It has been determined that there are significant differences in the chemical parameters of the soils belonging to the lands with different land use capabilities, especially in the C and N concentrations. Examining this change reveals the effect of land use on carbon and nitrogen stocks of soils. Changes in the organic C and N status of our soils, which are of great importance for a sustainable agriculture, should be well observed.
Activated Carbon Fibers/Zinc Oxide Nanorods Fabrics for UV Protection
Authors: Albiss Borhan , Abu-Dalo Muna
Published: November 2023

Organic–inorganic nanocomposite materials represent a creative platform to design new materials with improved or novel features that allow the development of innovative industrial applications. In this project, based on the fact that ZnO nanostructures are among the best and safest choices for ultraviolet (UV) protection materials for potential applications for UV preservation, Zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO-NRs) were grown on the surface of the activated carbon fibers (ACF) fabrics using a simple and cost-effective hydrothermal method to produce (ACF/ZnO-NR) nanocomposites. The experimental conditions (such as ZnO-NR density, lengths, and diameters) were optimized to obtain nanocomposites with best performance. The optical, microstructural properties of the nanocomposites were investigated using, SEM, XRD, UV-Vis, Contact angle test, and FTIR. The behavior of ZnO-NR, ACF, and ACF/ZnO-NR samples under UV-radiation exposure has been studied after different exposure times. The results obtained showed that the prepared ACF/ZnO-NR nanocomposites were somewhat transparent under the visible wavelength region and highly protective against UV radiation. Moreover, results revealed that the successful homogeneous immobilization of ZnO-NR on ACFs surface effectively enhances the UV-shielding performance. Particularly, the pristine ACF fabrics achieved a quite modest UV-blocking efficiency in the UVA (96%) and UVB (95%) regions. However, ACF/ZnO-NR fabrics showed a relatively high UV-blocking efficiency in the UVA (98%) and UVB (97%) regions. Additionally, fabrics with1%wt ZnO-NR content demonstrate an enhanced hydrophobicity with a contact angle over 135° compared to pristine ACF. Moreover, ACF/ZnO-NR fabrics also displayed an outstanding thermal and UV stability and exhibit an excellent UV-protection factor of 50+. The experimental results suggest that the synthesized samples can be used as a UV-blocking material and find potential applications as a UV absorber in optical devices, cosmetics, smart packaging, textiles, and protective coatings.
Determination of 180-Year Variation of Li Concentration in the Atmosphere using Corylus colurna L. Annual Rings
Authors: Key Kübra , Kulaç Şemsettin , Koç İsmail , Şevik Hakan
Published: November 2023

Environmental pollution has increased significantly in the current century due to various anthropogenic effects, especially industrial activities, mining, urbanization, and traffic. Significantly increasing air pollution has become a global problem that causes millions of people to die yearly. Heavy metals, the most dangerous and harmful components of air pollution, do not easily deteriorate and disappear in nature. They can be carried far from their source, tend to bioaccumulate in living organisms, and some can be toxic, carcinogenic, and fatal even at low concentrations for humans and animals. Therefore, monitoring the change of heavy metal concentrations in the air is critical. One of the most effective methods in determining the heavy metal concentration changes in the atmosphere from past to present is using annual rings of trees as biomonitors. In this study, the variation of Li concentrations, which is one of the most harmful heavy metals in terms of human and environmental health, in the last 180 years, was tried to be determined by using Corylus colurna L. annual tree rings, which was cut at the end of 2020 in Kastamonu province, Türkiye. Within the scope, the heavy metal concentrations in the bark and inner bark were also compared with the heavy metal concentrations in the woods, and the directional variation of the heavy metal concentrations was also evaluated. As a result, there was a significant difference between wood and bark (p<0.05) except for the north direction of Li element, and the concentrations obtained in the woods were much higher than those in the bark. In the annual rings, the variation of the Li concentration in all directions, except for the west direction, is significant (p<0.05). However, Li concentration generally varies in a narrow range, and this can be interpreted as the Li element being transferred between woods in C. colurna.
New Approaches to Determining Carbon Capture Potential
Authors: Güler Sümeyye , Turgut Bülent , Ayan Sezgin
Published: November 2023

Climate change and global warming are among the most important environmental issues and require sufficient and urgent global action to protect the Earth for future generations. One of the main approaches used to reduce CO2 emissions and mitigate the worst impacts of climate change is carbon capture technology. Carbon capture technologies have the potential to capture carbon from the atmosphere and convert it into fuels that can be used in environmentally friendly energy production. Innovative technologies can increase the potential for carbon capture, which can play an important role in combating climate change. A better understanding of the mechanisms that extract, store and release carbon from the atmosphere will allow us to make more accurate predictions for assessing carbon capture potentials. There have been many efforts by scientists, industry sectors and policy makers in the search for new technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and achieve net zero emissions targets. Research and development work to create new technology involves complex processes and requires a digital system to optimize big data forecasting as well as reduce production time. A mathematical and statistical approach such as machine learning plays an important role in solving research problems, providing fast results and cost-effective tools for predicting big data. Effective policies and international cooperation for carbon capture can increase the potential for carbon capture. New policies and cooperation models can incentivize investment in carbon capture projects, which can increase potential. These new approaches can be used to better understand the potential for carbon capture and develop effective solutions to tackle climate change. However, work in this area is still ongoing and more research and development is needed in the future.
Changes in Forest Biomass Carbon Storage Between 1971 and 2018 in Tonya
Authors: Borucu Süleyman , Karahalil Uzay
Published: November 2023

Climate change is seen as one of the most common problems of the world today. Countries, organizations are making extraordinary efforts to reduce the negative effects of this phenomenon. Forests are accepted as the biggest mechanism with the advantage of storing large quantities of carbon as well as having the opportunity to increase their carbon content through increasing the size, apply rehabilitation in the degraded stands, or doing interventions. Therefore, monitoring the forests, taking measures and applying forestry activities when needed is utmost important. In this regard, temporal monitoring of the amount of carbon in forest biomass offers advantages as it is easy to implement and understand. In this study, forest biomass carbon was displayed for Tonya Planning Unit (PU), works under Trabzon Forest Enterprise for the periods between 1971 and 2018, meaning nearly half century. Tonya PU is covering a total area of 12,532.3 ha, of which 5620.7 ha (44.8%) is forested landscape. The vegetation type is primarily composed of Oriental Spruce (Picea orientalis Link), Oriental Beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) and Alder (Alnus glutinosa sub. barbata Mey). There is also certain amount of Anatolian Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.), and Hornbeam (Carpinus orientalis) dominated stands. Tree specific biomass expansion factors were used in the calculation of above and belowground biomass carbon content. In addition to determining the amount of total carbon, the outputs were handled in the context of forest dynamics represented by temporal changes of land cover. Quantitative evidence showed that there were drastic changes of carbon storage in above and below ground forest ecosystems between two periods.
Suggestions on Preventing Deforestation and Erosion due to Global Climate Change in Türkiye
Authors: Oktan Ercan , Kalender Aysen
Published: November 2023

The rapid increase in the world's population from the past to the present has led to an increase in the demand for natural resources, resulting in the deterioration of the forest ecosystem and the emergence of many problems such as global warming. During this period, the changes brought by the industrial revolution have caused an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) released into the atmosphere by adversely affecting the ecological balance. The role of forest ecosystems will increase in order to eliminate the negativities caused by the continuous increase in the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere and climate change. Within terrestrial ecosystems, soil and vegetation hold and store carbon. Forests, meadows, pastures and agricultural areas constitute the part kept in vegetation. Some of the most important factors affecting the amount and duration of carbon sequestered in terrestrial ecosystems are climate, vegetation type, soil properties, erosion, bedrock and land use changes. As a matter of fact, these changes in land use have triggered desertification, dryness and erosion along with soil losses. In particular, soils transported by erosion are a great loss for nature and cause disruption of the ecological balance. Therefore, in order to maintain this balance, the natural species in the region should be protected and a forest ecosystem consisting of natural species should be created. In this case, we need to understand forest ecosystems very well and to correctly identify the silvicultural interventions that can be applied. In this study, it was aimed to create a road map for silvicultural interventions that can be applied by evaluating carbon losses in areas where desertification, drought and erosion occur in Türkiye. In addition, in line with this road map, general recommendations that are thought to be useful in preventing and combating carbon losses are given.
Soil CO2 Effluxes in Post-fire and Undisturbed Pinus nigra Forests: A Soil Moisture Manipulation Study
Authors: Pacaldo Renato S. , Aydın Miraç , Amarille Randell Keith
Published: November 2023

Climate change impacts are driving hydrological extremes and frequent occurrences of forest fires. Whether these impacts result in dramatic changes in the soil CO2 efflux (FCO2) remains poorly understood. This study seeks to understand the changes in the soil FCO2 in recently burned forest (post-fire) and an undisturbed black pine (Pinus nigra, Arnold) forest in Türkiye. A field experiment in a three-way factorial randomized complete block design experiment was established with four replications and three factors; shaded (west) and exposed (east), types of forest fires (surface, crown, and control) and soil moisture regimes (dry, wet, and control). A dynamic survey chamber soil respiration machinery (LI-8100A) was employed to measure simultaneously the soil Fco2, the soil temperature, and the soil moisture for a total duration of one-year. The soil FCO2 showed significant differences among treatments (p<0.0001), time (p<0.0001), and moisture regimes (p<0.0001), but not with the interaction effects between treatment and time (p = 0.0058), aspects (p = 0.95410), and types of forest fires (p = 0.0059). A dry soil in the crown fire site situated in the exposed aspect exhibited a significantly different and lowest soil FCO2 compared to other treatments. No statistically significant differences in the FCO2 in the wet soil were detected among treatments. The soil and air temperatures showed a strongly positive correlation (r = 0.78), suggesting that a near-surface air temperature provides a good approximation of the soil temperature. This piece of information is a vital input for the projection of future trajectory of soil CO2 emissions and conservation of C stocks in the forest fire and undisturbed forests.
Evaluation of Carbon Sequestration Capacities Across Varied Forest Types: An Empirical Study in Northern Part of Bangladesh
Authors: Bari Md Shafiqul , Mim Farhana , Ali Md Manik
Published: November 2023

The aim of this study was to assess the ability of several distinct forestry systems in Bangladesh's northern region to sequester carbon. Three different agro-ecological zones (AEZs) were covered by the experiments: AEZ 1 (Old Himalayan piedmont plain), AEZ 3 (Tista meander flood plain), and AEZ 25 (Level barind tract). Experimental plots with three replications were randomly selected from each AEZ using a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Factor A, which represented five forestry models (Shal forest, social forest, eucalyptus cropland-based agroforestry, and mango and litchi orchard-based agroforestry systems), and Factor B, which represented the three aforementioned AEZs. To determine the total biomass accumulation, undergrowth vegetation (including herbs, shrubs, and crops) and tree growth parameters, like height and diameter at breast height (DBH), were studied. In terms of parameters like tree height, DBH, tree density, understory vegetation, and carbon sequestration in both trees and soil, the results showed significant differences across forestry systems. Notably, the Litchi orchard-based agroforestry system sequestered the least carbon, at 67.82 t/ha, whereas the Shal forest system did so at a rate of 2310.04 t/ha. Regarding the AEZs, AEZ 25 had the highest potential for sequestering carbon, measuring 644.98 t/ha, while AEZ 1 had the lowest potential, measuring 503.21 t/ha. Variability in carbon sequestration was also revealed by the interaction between AEZs and forestry systems. The Shal forest system and AEZ 3 were found to have the highest capacity at 2661.09 t/ha, while AEZ 1 and the Litchi orchards-based agroforestry system had the lowest capacity at 66.09 t/ha. In conclusion, the Shal forestry system demonstrated the highest capacity for conserving carbon and is, therefore, a promising strategy for reducing atmospheric carbon in the area. AEZ 25 demonstrated the best capacity for carbon sequestration of all the AEZs examined. Additionally, at $115,502/ha, the Shal forestry system provided the highest economic return on carbon sequestration. These findings suggest that the Shal forestry system should be given importance in Bangladesh's northern region for ecological reasons. Additionally, to balance carbon sequestration capacities between the zones, strategic tree planting programs should be implemented in AEZs 1 and 3.
Breaking Carbon Bonds of the Colors Existing in the Industrial Wastewaters and Color Reduction by Plant-Based Coagulants
Authors: Mirbolooki Hanieh , Moghadami Shamim
Published: November 2023

Colored effluents destroy aquatic lives because of existing non-biodegradable aromatic hydrocarbons which lead to serious threats for human and environment. Using chemical coagulants for industrial wastewater treatment is one of the conventional methods which, secondary pollution caused by residual sludge, limited removal of dissolved organic carbon in wastewater, high volume of sludge and bad effect on human health has faced a challenge applying this type of coagulants. Therefore, the purpose of this research is the production of coagulants using available and local plants, including Spinacia oleracea and Hibiscus cannabinus as eco-friendly coagulants which are able to remove these hard to treatment pollutants by breaking carbon bonds in aromatic rings as the main components of the colors’ chemical compounds existing in industrial wastewaters. The plant extracts of Spinacia oleracea and Hibiscus cannabinus were obtained through maceration method (soaking and shaking the plant seeds in water at a given time) and 5 doses of 50, 100, 200, 500, and 1000 mg/L of plant coagulants were prepared. In this research, the coagulants were used to treat the real-colored industrial wastewater. In the optimum treatment conditions of 100 mg/L coagulant dose and pH 7, high color reduction (>74%) were obtained by both plant extracts (plant coagulants). FT-IR spectra were performed on the plant extracts to identify the existing carbon destruction agents in active extracts. It should be mentioned that the only applied solvent for extracting the natural coagulant seeds was distilled water, and none of the other solvents such as NaCl and NaOH were used.