bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
APOBECs and Herpesviruses
Authors: Cheng Adam Z. , Moraes Sofia N. , Shaban Nadine M. , Fanunza Elisa , Bierle Craig J. , Southern Peter J. , Bresnahan Wade A. , Rice Stephen A. , Harris Reuben S.
Published: March 2021

The apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC) family of DNA cytosine deaminases provides a broad and overlapping defense against viral infections. Successful viral pathogens, by definition, have evolved strategies to escape restriction by the APOBEC enzymes of their hosts. HIV-1 and related retroviruses are thought to be the predominant natural substrates of APOBEC enzymes due to obligate single-stranded (ss)DNA replication intermediates, abundant evidence for cDNA strand C-to-U editing (genomic strand G-to-A hypermutation), and a potent APOBEC degradation mechanism. In contrast, much lower mutation rates are observed in double-stranded DNA herpesviruses and the evidence for APOBEC mutation has been less compelling. However, recent work has revealed that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), and herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) are potential substrates for cellular APOBEC enzymes. To prevent APOBEC-mediated restriction these viruses have repurposed their ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) large subunits to directly bind, inhibit, and relocalize at least two distinct APOBEC enzymes—APOBEC3B and APOBEC3A. The importance of this interaction is evidenced by genetic inactivation of the EBV RNR (BORF2), which results in lower viral infectivity and higher levels of C/G-to-T/A hypermutation. This RNR-mediated mechanism therefore likely functions to protect lytic phase viral DNA replication intermediates from APOBEC-catalyzed DNA C-to-U deamination. The RNR-APOBEC interaction defines a new pathogen-host conflict that the virus must win in real-time for transmission and pathogenesis. However, partial losses over evolutionary time may also benefit the virus by providing mutational fuel for adaptation.
Isolation and Characterization of Cross-Reactive Human Monoclonal Antibodies That Potently Neutralize Australian Bat Lyssavirus Variants and Other Phylogroup 1 Lyssaviruses
Authors: Weir Dawn L. , Coggins Si’Ana A. , Vu Bang K. , Coertse Jessica , Yan Lianying , Smith Ina L. , Laing Eric D. , Markotter Wanda , Broder Christopher C. , Schaefer Brian C.
Published: March 2021

Australian bat lyssavirus (ABLV) is a rhabdovirus that circulates in four species of pteropid bats (ABLVp) and the yellow-bellied sheath-tailed bat (ABLVs) in mainland Australia. In the three confirmed human cases of ABLV, rabies illness preceded fatality. As with rabies virus (RABV), post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for potential ABLV infections consists of wound cleansing, administration of the rabies vaccine and injection of rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) proximal to the wound. Despite the efficacy of PEP, the inaccessibility of human RIG (HRIG) in the developing world and the high immunogenicity of equine RIG (ERIG) has led to consideration of human monoclonal antibodies (hmAbs) as a passive immunization option that offers enhanced safety and specificity. Using a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) expressing the glycoprotein (G) protein of ABLVs and phage display, we identified two hmAbs, A6 and F11, which completely neutralize ABLVs/ABLVp, and RABV at concentrations ranging from 0.39 and 6.25 µg/mL and 0.19 and 0.39 µg/mL respectively. A6 and F11 recognize overlapping epitopes in the lyssavirus G protein, effectively neutralizing phylogroup 1 lyssaviruses, while having little effect on phylogroup 2 and non-grouped diverse lyssaviruses. These results suggest that A6 and F11 could be effective therapeutic and diagnostic tools for phylogroup 1 lyssavirus infections.
Access to Vaccination Information and Confidence/Hesitancy towards Childhood Vaccination: A Cross-Sectional Survey in China
Authors: Du Fanxing , Chantler Tracey , Francis Mark R. , Sun Fiona Yueqian , Zhang Xuan , Han Kaiyi , Rodewald Lance , Yu Hongjie , Tu Shiyi , Larson Heidi , Hou Zhiyuan
Published: March 2021

Access to vaccination information could influence public attitudes towards vaccination. This study investigated the number and types of vaccination-related information sources, and estimated their associations with vaccine confidence and hesitancy in China. In January 2019, we conducted a cross-sectional survey in China, and 2122 caregivers with children <6 years completed self-administered questionnaires. Logistic regressions were used to assess associations between caregivers’ primary information sources and vaccine confidence/hesitancy. A majority (72%) of caregivers had multiple sources of vaccination-related information. The proportions of caregivers reporting professional sources, media, and peers as primary information sources were 81%, 63%, and 26%. Internal migrants were less likely to get information from professional sources; more educated and wealthier caregivers reported more information sources and were more likely to get information from media and peers. Caregivers who reported professional information sources had significantly higher odds of being confident about the safety of vaccines and lower odds of being hesitant toward vaccination than those who did not. Caregivers who reported the media as a primary information source had significantly higher odds of being hesitant toward vaccination than those who did not. To address vaccine hesitancy, it is essential to promote universal access to professional vaccination-related information sources, and to use the media to disseminate evidence-based information and clarify misinformation. Health communication should target internal migrants, and more educated and wealthier caregivers.
Ageing of Immune System and Response to a Live-Attenuated Herpes Zoster Vaccine in Lung Transplant Candidates
Authors: Wang Lei , Verschuuren Erik A.M. , Paap Davy , Rondaan Christien , Raveling-Eelsing Elisabeth , Liu Siqi , Westra Johanna , Bos Nicolaas A.
Published: March 2021

The mean age of lung transplant recipients has significantly increased in recent decades. Elderly recipients have a higher risk of developing herpes zoster (HZ), and they have in general a worse response to vaccination than younger persons do. We investigated the relationship between the humoral and cellular immune response to a live-attenuated HZ vaccine (Zostavax®, Merck Sharp and Dohme) and the frequencies of T and B cell subsets, especially aged cell subsets (CD28−T cells and age associated B cells, ABCs). In total, 37 patients awaiting lung transplantation received one dose of Zostavax®, and peripheral blood was collected before and within 6 months after vaccination. We observed a robust immune response after vaccination. The frequencies of CD28−T cells before vaccination had no impact on the subsequent immune response to HZ vaccination. However, a higher frequency of ABCs before vaccination correlated with a lower immune response especially regarding the cellular immune response. Cytomegalovirus seropositivity was associated with increased frequencies of CD28−T cells but not with frequencies of ABCs in the patients. In conclusion, increased levels of ABCs might disturb the cellular immune response to HZ vaccination, which could lower the efficacy of such vaccination in elderly transplant recipients.
Thirty-Nine-Year Wave Hindcast, Storm Activity, and Probability Analysis of Storm Waves in the Kara Sea, Russia
Authors: Myslenkov Stanislav , Platonov Vladimir , Kislov Alexander , Silvestrova Ksenia , Medvedev Igor
Published: March 2021

The recurrence of extreme wind waves in the Kara Sea strongly influences the Arctic climate change. The period 2000–2010 is characterized by significant climate warming, a reduction of the sea ice in the Arctic. The main motivation of this research to assess the impact of climate change on storm activity over the past 39 years in the Kara Sea. The paper presents the analysis of wave climate and storm activity in the Kara Sea based on the results of numerical modeling. A wave model WAVEWATCH III is used to reconstruct wind wave fields for the period from 1979 to 2017. The maximum significant wave height (SWH) for the whole period amounts to 9.9 m. The average long-term SWH for the ice-free period does not exceed 1.3 m. A significant linear trend shows an increase in the storm wave frequency for the period from 1979 to 2017. It is shown that trends in the storm activity of the Kara Sea are primarily regulated by the ice. Analysis of the extreme storm events showed that the Pareto distribution is in the best agreement with the data. However, the extreme events with an SWH more than 6‒7 m deviate from the Pareto distribution.
Evaluating Traditional Empirical Models and BPNN Models in Monitoring the Concentrations of Chlorophyll-A and Total Suspended Particulate of Eutrophic and Turbid Waters
Authors: Jiang Bo , Liu Hailong , Xing Qianguo , Cai Jiannan , Zheng Xiangyang , Li Lin , Liu Sisi , Zheng Zhiming , Xu Huiyan , Meng Ling
Published: March 2021

In order to use in situ sensed reflectance to monitor the concentrations of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and total suspended particulate (TSP) of waters in the Pearl River Delta, which is featured by the highly developed network of rivers, channels and ponds, 135 sets of simultaneously collected water samples and reflectance were used to test the performance of the traditional empirical models (band ratio, three bands) and the machine learning models of a back-propagation neural network (BPNN). The results of the laboratory analysis with the water samples show that the Chl-a ranges from 3 to 256 µg·L−1 with an average of 39 µg·L−1 while the TSP ranges from 8 to 162 mg·L−1 and averages 42.5 mg·L−1. Ninety sets of 135 samples are used as training data to develop the retrieval models, and the remaining ones are used to validate the models. The results show that the proposed band ratio models, the three-band combination models, and the corresponding BPNN models are generally successful in estimating the Chl-a and the TSP, and the mean relative error (MRE) can be lower than 30% and 25%, respectively. However, the BPNN models have no better performance than the traditional empirical models, e.g., in the estimation of TSP on the basis of the reflectance at 555 and 750 nm (R555 and R750, respectively), the model of BPNN (R555, R750) has an MRE of 23.91%, larger than that of the R750/R555 model. These results suggest that these traditional empirical models are usable in monitoring the optically active water quality parameters of Chl-a and TSP for eutrophic and turbid waters, while the machine learning models have no significant advantages, especially when the cost of training samples is considered. To improve the performance of machine learning models in future applications on the basis of ground sensor networks, large datasets covering various water situations and optimization of input variables of band configuration should be strengthened.
Groundwater-Potential Mapping Using a Self-Learning Bayesian Network Model: A Comparison among Metaheuristic Algorithms
Authors: Karimi-Rizvandi Sadegh , Goodarzi Hamid Valipoori , Afkoueieh Javad Hatami , Chung Il-Moon , Kisi Ozgur , Kim Sungwon , Linh Nguyen Thi Thuy
Published: March 2021

Owing to the reduction of surface-water resources and frequent droughts, the exploitation of groundwater resources has faced critical challenges. For optimal management of these valuable resources, careful studies of groundwater potential status are essential. The main goal of this study was to determine the optimal network structure of a Bayesian network (BayesNet) machine-learning model using three metaheuristic optimization algorithms—a genetic algorithm (GA), a simulated annealing (SA) algorithm, and a Tabu search (TS) algorithm—to prepare groundwater-potential maps. The methodology was applied to the town of Baghmalek in the Khuzestan province of Iran. For modeling, the location of 187 springs in the study area and 13 parameters (altitude, slope angle, slope aspect, plan curvature, profile curvature, topography wetness index (TWI), distance to river, distance to fault, drainage density, rainfall, land use/cover, lithology, and soil) affecting the potential of groundwater were provided. In addition, the statistical method of certainty factor (CF) was utilized to determine the input weight of the hybrid models. The results of the OneR technique showed that the parameters of altitude, lithology, and drainage density were more important for the potential of groundwater compared to the other parameters. The results of groundwater-potential mapping (GPM) employing the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) showed an estimation accuracy of 0.830, 0.818, 0.810, and 0.792, for the BayesNet-GA, BayesNet-SA, BayesNet-TS, and BayesNet models, respectively. The BayesNet-GA model improved the GPM estimation accuracy of the BayesNet-SA (4.6% and 7.5%) and BayesNet-TS (21.8% and 17.5%) models with respect to the root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE), respectively. Based on metric indices, the GA provides a higher capability than the SA and TS algorithms for optimizing the BayesNet model in determining the GPM.
Carbon Stocks of Hardwood Floodplain Forests along the Middle Elbe: The Influence of Forest Age, Structure, Species, and Hydrological Conditions
Authors: Shupe Heather A. , Hartmann Timo , Scholz Mathias , Jensen Kai , Ludewig Kristin
Published: March 2021

Hardwood floodplain (HF) forests can store a considerable amount of carbon (C), and floodplains may be good candidates for reforestation to provide natural C sinks. In this study, we use nondestructive inventory methods to estimate the C stocks of different tree species and C pools within HF forests of varying age and structure and located at sites differing in hydrological conditions (low and high active floodplain, seepage water zone, tributaries). The study was carried out along the Elbe river (Germany). Average C stocks for young plantations in the active floodplain were significantly lower (50.2 ± 10.8 SE Mg ha−1) than those of old dense (140.6 ± 11.6 SE Mg ha−1) and old sparse forests (180.4 ± 26.6 SE Mg ha−1) with comparable hydrological conditions. C stocks of old dense forests did not significantly vary from old sparse forests. Additionally, C stocks of old forests did not significantly vary according to hydrological conditions. The highest amount of C was stored in Quercus robur for all hydrological conditions. Ulmus laevis stored the second-highest amount of C on the active floodplain. We conclude that sparse and dense forests as well as forests under different hydrological conditions provide the same C storage function.
Hybrids between Bar-headed Goose Anser indicus and Snow Goose Anser caerulescens
Authors: Lehmhus Jörn , Gustavsson C G
Published: March 2021

Very few hybrids between Bar-headed Goose Anser indicus and Snow Goose Anser caerulescens have been described in the literature. In this article we give a morphological description of such hybrids, based on 35 individuals which we either observed ourselves or found pictures of on the Internet. Some hybrids were rather similar to Bar-headed Geese and others more closely resembled intermediate phase Snow Geese. General colouration, details and distinguishing features are described in the text together with photos. The yearly numbers of hybrids increased over time. This may be due to an actual increase in number of individuals, but may also reflect an increased interest in observing and reporting hybrids. Many hybrids were initially reported as something else, and there is therefore presumably under-reporting also in registers without photographs. We hope the information in this article will facilitate correct reporting.
Horned Grebe Podiceps auritus and Red-necked Grebe Podiceps grisegena in Sweden 2011 – results from a national survey
Authors: Norevik Gabriel
Published: March 2021

The breeding populations of Horned Grebe Podiceps auritus and Red-necked Grebe Podiceps grisegena were surveyed in Sweden 2011. The estimate for Horned Grebe was 2,000 pairs, an increase from about 1,200 pairs in 1996 towards the estimate of 2,200 pairs in 1972. The estimate for Red-necked Grebe was 1,300 pairs and the population size has most certainly increased in the last decades. Habitat use among the breeding birds differed between species and region. In south Sweden, both species were most commonly found in artificial water bodies, and a recent increase in the numbers of such waters may have contributed to the population increases. In north Sweden the species were mainly found in natural inland water bodies or along the Baltic coast. Similar long-term population trends were also seen in a long-term observational dataset of passage birds from Ottenby Bird Observatory in southeast Sweden. There was no obvious effect of the coldness at their wintering grounds on the amount of birds seen at Ottenby the following year, but indirect effects of winter harshness cannot be ruled out.
Variation and significance of egg mass in a Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca population in subalpine habitats in Swedish Lapland
Authors: Nyholm N. Erik I.
Published: March 2021

Newly laid eggs of Pied Flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca breeding in subalpine birch forest in Swedish Lapland were weighed in the field in 1965–1976. The main objective of the study was to get knowledge of the egg production capacity and its relation to the environmental conditions in the northern periphery of the breeding range of the species. The eggs were on average smaller than what is known from other Pied Flycatcher populations. Egg mass was non-linearly related to ambient temperature, and smallest at temperatures <10°C. About 70% of the eggs were laid at those temperatures. Variation in temperatures during the egg formation contributed to a significant egg mass variation between years. Average egg mass was lowest in the biggest clutches (7 or 8 eggs). Egg mass did not vary significantly within clutches, was not significantly related to the female mass, and did not vary between years in the same female. Hatching and fledging success were non-significantly related to the mean egg masses, indicating that egg sizes were not decisive for the breeding output.
Successful shared breeding in an artificial nest-box by Common Swift Apus apus and Common Redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus
Authors: Åkesson Susanne , Andersson Arne , Pirio Maxime
Published: March 2021

During the spring 2015, a pair of Common Redstarts Phoenicurus phoenicurus successfully raised a five-chick brood in an artificial nest-box designed for and occupied by a pair of Common Swifts Apus apus in southern Sweden. The breeding was monitored by a nest-box camera, which recorded close interactions between the two species. The Common Redstarts initiated the breeding first and had young in the nest when the Common Swifts arrived and initiated breeding by laying their eggs in a nearby nest cup. The breeding overlapped by 15 days between the second and the fourth week of June when all five of the nestlings of the Common Redstart fledged. The Common Swifts raised two young which fledged in early August.
Excavating the Role of Relationship in Deshpande’s through the Lens of Psychoanalysis
Authors: Shelonitta P
Published: March 2021

The main objective of this paper entitled Shashi Deshpande’s Strangers to Ourselves: A Psychoanalytical Perspective analyzes the impact of intricate web of family and the complexities of relationships in the making of a happy family. The work also tries to capture the Man-Women Relationship and further discusses the lack of understanding in their conjugal life.
PROBLEM DIAGNOZOWANIA DEPRESJI U MATEK DZIECI Z ZESPOŁEM DOWNA
Authors: Jówko Ewa , Filipowicz Marta
Published: March 2021

Artykuł jest poświęcony istotnej problematyce społecznej, jaką jest diagnozowanie depresji u matek dzieci z zespołem Downa. Artykuł ma charakter badawczy, został opracowany na podstawie wywiadów z matkami w depresji, które wychowują dziecko z zespołem Downa (trzy studia przypadku). W toku badań usta-lono m.in., że zdiagnozowanie depresji u badanych kobiet spowodowało u nich więk-szą świadomość własnych problemów, pozwoliło im na dokonywanie zmian w kie-runku radzenia sobie z trudnościami, przyczyniło się do poszukiwania wewnętrznych i zewnętrznych zasobów do walki z depresją oraz do zmiany w relacjach rodzinnych. Konieczne było wypracowanie zasad współpracy pomiędzy członkami rodziny.
SPECIFICITY OF TEACHING ENGLISH TO STUDENTS WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS
Authors: Rafailov Tosho
Published: March 2021

The specificity of teaching and learning English for children with special educational needs is the result of the process of implementation of innovative tech-nologies for developing communication skills. Teaching methods are: brainstorming / ice breaking game /; video presentation / multimedia presentation /; doll show; frontal talk; solving crossword puzzles; individual work for the faster. The training is carried out in an innovative learning environment at the “Neofit Rilski” Primary School in Kilifarevo. The expected results of teaching and learning can be represented by the significantly higher annual achievement of students with special needs. Teaching requires the tea-cher to prepare the academic content on a scientific basis. The scientific basis of the English lesson involves the use of the Multiple Intelligence Theory. The interest in innovative training is strongly emphasized by students with special needs.
ИНТЕРДИСЦИПЛИНАРНОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ДЛЯ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКИХ ДРОБЕЙ В ИНКЛЮЗИВНОМ ОБРАЗОВАНИИ
Authors: Karaivanova Maria
Published: March 2021

Рассматривается необходимость в развитии учебното содержания в приобщающем образовании. Интеграция разнородного учебного содержания через элементарное математическое моделирование представлено как средство для определения содержательных ядер, которые должны стандартизировать уровни подготовки в приобщаващающем образовании. В таком плане исследуется изучение темы „Дроби“ через математическое моделирование в музыке. Представлены образовательные результаты учеников с интеллектуальным дефицитом, участвовавших в научном исследовании.
ECCE HOMO – SPOŁECZNA NATURA CZŁOWIEKA
Authors: Aydoǧdu Dorota
Published: March 2021

Autorka dokonuje analizy wybranej literatury naukowej pod kątem charak-terystyki neurobiologicznej mózgu społecznego, teorii umysłu, a także różnic anato-micznych pomiędzy mózgiem osoby z autyzmem a mózgiem osoby neurotypowej w celu określenia najistotniejszego komponentu spektrum zaburzeń autystycznych. Dysfunkcja teorii umysłu jest charakterystyczna wyłącznie dla zaburzeń ze spektrum autyzmu. Pogląd o istnieniu teorii umysłu został potwierdzony w badaniach opartych na obrazowaniu mózgu. Następnie poszerzono go o kolejne pojęcie, jakim jest „szlak neuronalny”, odpowiedzialny z relacje społeczne. Artykuł przywołuje badania, które obrazują regiony anatomiczne mózgu człowieka odpowiadające za komunikację społeczną – szlak neuronalny, a także wzorzec spostrzegania społecznego osoby z autyzmem.
INVESTMENT RISK MANAGEMENT BASED ON QUOTATIONS OF OIL COMPANIES, OIL AND DOLLAR
Authors: Faliński Przemysław
Published: March 2021

With the non-random movement of the prices of exchange trading objects in mind, by means of the methods and tools of chaos theory, it is possible to show that price changes are subject to the laws of deterministic chaos. This is a new look at this subject compared to the statistical methods that have been used for years, which in most cases assume that the distribution of the rate of returns of the examined series is normal. The aim of the study is to determine the nature of the changes in oil, dollar and Polish fuel prices: whether they are random or determined. In addition, the second aim is to investigate the cause and effect relationship between the price changes of the above-mentioned stocks. Tools such as rescaled range analysis, mean and variance stability analysis and technical analysis will be used. Conclusions resulting from the examination of the three indicated values should be interesting for capital market participants. The article ends with a short-term forecast for WIG-oil&gas.
Associated pseudoscorpions (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones) with waste heaps of Atta colombica (Guérin-Méneville, 1844) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Panama
Authors: Martínez Ramy Jhasser , Villegas Guzmán Gabriel A. , Quirós Dora Isabel , Emmen Daniel
Published: March 2021

Waste heaps of Atta are host to an extraordinary diversity of myrmecophiles insects and other arthropods. In this study, the presence of four species of pseudoscorpions is recorded in two Atta colombica waste heaps in the years 2016 and 2017. Two of these species, Cordylochernes scorpioides and Lustrochernes carolinensis are new records in waste heaps and except for the deutonymphs of L.carolinensis, the others all stages of post-embryonic development were present in the studied heaps, which could indicate that these two species carry out their entire life cycle in these waste mounds and live there permanently.
Pensar la autonomía puigiana en tiempo de un orden mundial en transición
Authors: Simonoff Alejandro
Published: March 2021

Juan Carlos Puig pensó la factibilidad de márgenes de maniobra en un entorno internacional relativamente estable.

Sin embargo, desde el fin de la guerra fría, venimos observando la falta de conformación de un orden mundial y cómo éste afecta a todos los países, y en particular para el caso de Argentina.

Por ello a partir de esa situación y teniendo en cuentan los lineamientos que este pensador del Cono Sur dio al concepto de autonomía, nos proponemos hacer una lectura de ellos, para establecer algunos parámetros de certitud en nuestro análisis.
KOMPOSISI DAN KELIMPAHAN BIVALVIA DI EKOSISTEM LAMUN PERAIRAN JUANGA KABUPATEN PULAU MOROTAI PROVINSI MALUKU UTARA
Authors: Alwi Djainudin , Wahab Iswandi , Bisi Ilham
Published: March 2021

Secara ekologi bivalvia berperan dalam menjaga poduktifitas lingkungan. Kurangnya informasi mengenai keberadaan dan komposisi spesies dari Bivalvia tersebut, mendorong untuk dilakukan penelitian ini. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis komposisi dan kelimpahan spesies Bivalvia di ekosistem Lamun Desa Juanga Kecamatan Morotai Selatan, Kabupaten Pulau Morotai. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode kuadrant ukuran 1 x 1 meter untuk Bivalvia Epifauna, dan pipa paralon dengan diameter 10 cm untuk Bivalvia yang terdapat dalam dasar perairan (infauna). Analisis data menggunakan rumus komposisi, dan kelimpahan menggunakan rumus kelimmpahan dengan menggunakan pendekatan Excel. Hasil penelitian didapatkan sebanyak 7 spesies bivalvia yang tersebar di empat stasiun penelitian yaitu Anadara gubernculum, Donax trunculus, Dosinia dilecta, Frogum unedo, Latona cuenata, Atrina pectinata dan Ostrea lurida dengan jumlah total sebanyak 112 individu. Jumlah individu spesies bivalvia berkisar 47- 96 dengan nilai tertinggi pada adalah Anadara gubernculum pada stasiun II (96%), dan terendah di stasiun I (47%). Kesimpulan diperoleh (1) Komposisi spesies Bivalvia memiliki presentasi (absolut) yaitu Anadara gubernculum 0,74 sedangkan untuk spesies lain secara keseluruhan memiliki komposisi kategori (rendah) dengan nilai dibawah 0,23. (2) Kelimpahan individu dan kelimpahan relatif di semua stasiun yang memiliki nilai tertinggi yaitu jenis Anadara gubernculum.
KOMPOSISI JENIS JUVENIL IKAN DI PERAIRAN EKOSISTEM MANGROVE PULAU PARANG KEPULAUAN KARIMUNJAWA KABUPATEN JEPARA
Authors: Maharani Maharani , Mujiyanto Mujiyanto , Riska Riska , Hasidu La Ode Abdul Fajar
Published: March 2021

Ekosistem mangrove merupakan sumberdaya alam hayati yang memiliki manfaat aspek ekologi yaitu sebagai tempat hidup beragam jenis biota perairan. Salah satu jenis biota ekonomis penting yang hidup di daerah mangrove yaitu komunitas ikan. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2012 (musim barat). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji komposisi jenis juvenil ikan di perairan ekosistem mangrove Pulau Parang Kepulauan Karimunjawa. Juvenil ikan dikoleksi dengan jaring angkat (lift net), jaring lempar ukuran mata jaring 2 inchi, alat pancing serta serok (seser) ikan. Komposisi jenis juvenil ikan di perairan ekosistem mangrove Pulau Parang yang dikoleksi pada musim barat yaitu berjumlah 10 jenis dari 9 genus dan 9 famili. Lutjanidae merupakan famili ikan yang memiliki nilai ekonomis penting. Nilai keanekaragaman jenis pada ketiga lokasi menunjukkan sebaran yang relatif merata, dimana penyebaran individu tiap jenis relatif seragam dan tidak ada spesies yang mendominasi. Indeks keanekaragaman (H) jenis juvenil ikan berkisar antara 1,252 – 1,328; indeks keseragaman (E) berkisar antara 0,668 – 0,825dan indeks dominansi (C)berkisar antara 0,292 – 0,355.
IDE BUNUH DIRI PADA REMAJA KORBAN PERUNDUNGAN: KEBERFUNGSIAN KELUARGA DAN KUALITAS HUBUNGAN PERTEMANAN SEBAGAI PREDIKTOR
Authors: Tandiono Indira Mustika , Dewi Fransisca Iriani Roesmala , Soetikno Naomi
Published: March 2021

Perundungan menjadi salah satu masalah remaja yang dapat berdampak munculnya ide bunuh diri. Remaja yang memiliki ide bunuh diri memiliki faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi ide bunuh diri pada remaja yaitu keluarga dan teman. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji peran keberfungsian keluarga dan kualitas hubungan pertemanan terhadap ide bunuh diri remaja korban perundungan. Jenis penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif dengan melibatkan partisipan remaja sebanyak 748 berusia 13-19 tahun. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah Beck Suicide Ideation (B-SSI), Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales (FACES-II) dan Family Communication Scale (FCS), dan Friendship Quality Scale (FQS). Teknik analisis regresi linier digunakan dan hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa keberfungsian keluarga dan kualitas hubungan pertemanan memiliki peran yang signifikan terhadap ide bunuh diri remaja korban perundungan (R2= 0.164). Keberfungsian keluarga memiliki peran lebih besar dibandingkan kualitas hubungan pertemanan (β= - 0.409, p= 0.000). Fungsi keluarga yang semakin baik akan menurunkan ide bunuh diri remaja korban perundungan. Kualitas hubungan pertemanan tidak berperan signifikan terhadap ide bunuh diri karena faktor lain yang mempengaruhi, seperti proses berbagi cerita dalam pertemanan, penguatan afeksi negatif saat bercerita dengan teman, dan rasa kesepian. Penelitian ini memperlihatkan gambaran peran fungsi keluarga dan pertemanan yang berkaitan dengan remaja korban perundungan. Untuk itu, dalam keluarga dengan korban perundungan dapat mempertahankan komunikasi dan fleksibilitas antar anggota keluarga untuk menurunkan ide bunuh diri.
ВПЛИВ ЦИФРОВИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ НА КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНІСТЬ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ
Authors: Іванюк Ольга , Ящук Юрій
Published: March 2021

Стаття присвячена дослідженню розвитку цифрових технологій для можливостей їх напрямів їх використання в бізнесі. Розкрито вплив цифрових технологій на різні аспекти діяльності підприємств та можливості їх використання для підвищення їх конкурентоспроможності.
ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ВИРОБНИКІВ КОМПЛЕКТУЮЧИХ ДЛЯ АВТОТРАНСПОРТНИХ ЗАСОБІВ У ЗАХІДНОМУ РЕГІОНІ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Кулініч Тетяна , Повар Олена
Published: March 2021

Проведено дослідження тенденцій інноваційного розвитку виробників комплектуючих для автотранспортних засобів у Західному регіоні України. Виявлено загрози для розвитку галузі. Проаналізовано інноваційні способи, використовувані для виживання представниками даного ВЕД. Особливу увагу приділено тим підприємствам, які не відступили у диверсифікації від названого ВЕД і побудували свій розвиток на використанні переваг даного виду діяльності.
РОЛЬ ФАХОВИХ ДИСЦИПЛІНИ У ФОРМУВАННІ МІЖДИСЦИПЛІНАРНОГО ПІДХОДУ В ПРОЦЕСІ ПІДГОТОВКИ МАЙБУТНІХ ФАРМАЦЕВТІВ
Authors: Лисенко Наталія
Published: March 2021

Розкрито значення фахових дисциплін при підготовці студентів спеціальності Фармація. Охарактеризовано особливості організації освітнього процесу спеціалістів фармацевтичної галузі у контексті міждисциплінарного, технологічного і компетентнісного підходів. Обґрунтовано необхідність залучення до складу фахових дисциплін ІКТ, менеджменту та маркетингу у фармації, фармацевтичної опіки, етики та деонтології при підготовці майбутніх спеціалістів практичної фармації.
Transforaminal Hypertonic Saline for the
Treatment of Lumbar Lateral Canal Stenosis: A
Double-Blinded, Randomized, Active-Control Trial
Authors: Shin Jin-Woo
Published: March 2021

Background: Degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis is one of the most common causes
of chronic lower back pain and radiculopathy. Spinal stenosis is anatomically classified
as central and lateral spinal canal stenosis. Many treatment modalities and techniques,
including surgery and epidural injection, have been used to manage the pain. However,
the effect of hypertonic saline injection via the transforaminal approach has not yet been
studied.
Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of adding hypertonic saline
to conventional transforaminal epidural steroid injections (TFEI) to provide pain relief for
chronic radiculopathy patients secondary to lateral canal spinal stenosis.
Study Design: A double-blind, randomized, active-control trial.
Setting: An interventional pain management practice in a hospital, Republic of Korea.
Methods: Two groups: the hypertonic group received hypertonic saline combined with
triamcinolone and the control group received normal saline combined with triamcinolone.
A total of 68 patients were randomly allocated into either 2 groups by a computergenerated randomization program. Twenty-seven patients in the hypertonic group and
26 patients in the control group were assessed. A total of 53 patients were included in
this analysis. Outcome measures were taken at baseline, one, 2, 3, 4, and 6 months postprocedure. The primary outcome measures included the numerical rating scale (NRS) and
the proportion of substantial responders. The secondary outcome measures included the
Oswestry disability index (ODI), the proportion of substantial and moderate responders,
and patient satisfaction.
Results: Transforaminal epidural injection of steroids, with or without the addition of 10%
hypertonic saline, was effective and provided significant pain relief with the improvement
of functional outcome within 4 months. The addition of hypertonic saline was superior in
efficacy compared with conventional TFEI at 3 months follow-up. The differences in the
absolute pain scores did not demonstrate statistical significance between the 2 groups.
The reduction in pain intensity from the baseline was greater in the hypertonic group and
demonstrated higher rates of satisfaction. The use of hypertonic saline also extended the
duration of significant pain relief to 6 months compared with baseline.
Limitations: The lack of placebo group and small sample size.
Conclusion: Superior short-term pain relieving efficacy, but limited long-term effects of
hypertonic saline, when added to TFEIs.
Key words: Chronic pain, lumbar radiculopathy, lateral canal, spinal stenosis,
transforaminal, epidural steroid injections, hypertonic saline, local anesthetic
A Retrospective Evaluation of the Clinical Success
of Transforaminal Endoscopic Discectomy with
Foraminotomy in Geriatric Patients
Authors: Telfeian Albert E.
Published: March 2021

Background: The elderly population is growing in the United States. As the oldest old are projected
to be the fastest growing part of the elderly population, we must consider how to best treat their
degenerative spine conditions when non-operative treatment fails.
Objectives: Transforaminal endoscopic discectomy and foraminotomy is an ultra-minimally invasive
outpatient surgical option that does not require general anesthesia and is available to geriatric.
The purpose of this study was to assess the benefit of transforaminal endoscopic discectomy and
foraminotomy in geriatric patients with single level and multi-level lumbar disc herniations and lumbar
radiculopathy.
Study Design: Retrospective study
Setting: Outpatient surgery center.
Methods: After Institutional Review Board Approval, charts from 50 consecutive patients aged 75
and older with complaints of lower back and radicular pain who underwent one or more endoscopic
procedures between 2007 and 2011 were reviewed.
Results: The average pain relief 6 months postoperatively was reported to be 71.8%, good results as
defined by MacNab. The average pre-operative VAS score was 9.04, indicated in our questionnaire as
severe and constant pain. The average 6 month post-operative VAS score was 2.63, indicated in our
questionnaire as mild and intermittent pain.
Limitations: This is a retrospective study and only offers 6 month follow-up data for geriatric patients
undergoing endoscopic spine surgery.
Conclusions: Endoscopic discectomy is a safe and effective alternative to open back surgery. The
6-month follow-up data presented here appears to indicate that an ultra-minimally invasive approach
to the geriatric spine that has a low complication rate, avoids general anesthesia, and is outpatient
might be worth studying in a prospective, longer term way.
IRB approval: Meridian Health: IRB Study # 201206071J
Key words: Endoscopic discectomy, minimally invasive, transforaminal, geriatric
Neuropathic Pain in Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Nakipoglu-Yüzer Güldal F
Published: March 2021

Background: Several studies have described pain prevalence, risk factors, pain and medical
variables in spinal cord injury (SCI) populations. In this study on traumatic SCI in Turkey, we surveyed
the neuropathic pain experiences during in-patient rehabilitation and defined the relationships
between neuropathic pain and demographic and SCI characteristics of patients.
Objectives: To survey the neuropathic pain experiences during in-patient rehabilitation in
traumatic SCI and to define the relationships between neuropathic pain and demographic and
SCI-related characteristics of patients.
Study Design: Descriptive study.
Setting: Physicial Medicine and Rehabilitation inpatient clinic, Ankara, TUrkey
Methods: Sixty-nine SCI patients as inpatients were included in this descriptive study. All patients
demographic and SCI-related characteristics were enrolled. The diagnosis of neuropathic pain was
made with the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS) Pain Scale. Location
of pain and pain description, relation to time and severity according to McGill Pain Questionnaire
(MPQ) were enrolled.
Results: The neuropathic pain localization was below the lesion level in 67 (97.1%) and at the
lesion level in 2 (2.9%) patients. The pain was at the hip and leg regions in 36 (52.2%) patients.
The neuropathic pain was defined as burning in 27 (39.1%), aching in 26 (37.7%), sharp in 4
(5.8%), stinging in 3 (4.3%), and cramping in 3 (4.3%). We did not find a significant difference
between demographic and SCI-related characteristics and the localization of neuropathic pain for
the patients (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference according to pain description by MPQ
and pain localization (P > 0.05). We found a significant relationship between the patient’s lesion
level and the region of pain (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: We found the neuropathic pain due to SCI to be mostly below the lesion level
with a burning or aching character and we did not find a significant relationship between the
demographic and SCI-related characteristics of the patient and the pain characteristics.
Key words: Spinal cord injury, pain, neuropathic pain
The Impact of Psychological Factors on
Outcomes for Spinal Cord Stimulation: An
Analysis with Long-term Follow-up
Authors: Wolter Tilman
Published: March 2021

Background: For more than 3 decades, spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has successfully been
employed to treat neuropathic pain. Psychological factors are assumed to be important for
the efficacy of SCS. However, the impact of psychological factors on the outcome of SCS has
only rarely been studied.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of psychological factors
such as anxiety and depression, perceived disability, and self efficacy on the outcome of SCS
in a representative clinical sample.
Study design: Retrospective study.
Setting: Academic university interdisciplinary pain center.
Methods: We reviewed the records of 60 consecutive patients who had been treated at our
institution with lumbar, thoracic, or cervical neurostimulators between July 1, 2008, and June
30, 2012. Information with respect to age, gender, diagnosis, age at time of implantation,
disease duration, the preoperative Hospital Anxiety and Depression Test, German Version
(HADS-D), the Pain Disability Index (PDI) and preoperative pain scores on an 11 point Numeric
Rating Scale (NRS) were recorded. In addition, a questionnaire was mailed to participants that
contained the following items: pain scores on the NRS with and without stimulation, time
intervals of stimulation, paresthesia coverage, treatment satisfaction and medication intake,
anxiety/depression (HADS-D and Beck Depression Index II [BDI-II]), PDI, and self efficacy using
the Fragebogen zur Erfassung der schmerzspezifischen Selbstwirksamkeit (FESS).
Results: Preoperative HADS-D, PDI, and NRS pain scores were not different in those patients
with an unsuccessful trial and those who underwent IPG implantation. Long-term outcomes
were not affected by pre-implantation HADS-D or PDI scores. FESS scores showed a strong
inverse correlation with HADS-D, BDI-II, and PDI scores and showed a tendency towards
correlation with the percentage of pain reduction. HADS-D and PDI scores improved after
SCS therapy.
Limitations: Retrospective study.
Conclusion: The outcome of SCS therapy could not be predicted on the basis of tested
psychological factors anxiety/depression and pain-related disability. FESS correlated inversely
with HADS-D, BDI-II, and PDI scores and showed a tendency towards correlation with the
percentage of pain reduction. Further research is needed to define the impact of psychological
factors on SCS outcomes.
Key words: Spinal cord stimulation, clinical efficacy, paresthesia, psychological factors,
anxiety, depression, disability, self-efficacy
Preliminary Results of the Clinical Effectiveness
of Percutaneous Adhesiolysis Using a Racz
Catheter in the Management of Chronic Pain
Due to Cervical Central Stenosis
Authors: Park Chan Hong
Published: March 2021

Background: Cervical central stenosis (CCS) is a narrowing of the spinal canal that can cause
mechanical compression of the spinal nerve and roots, leading to neck pain and/or radicular pain.
Cervical epidural steroid injections are commonly used in the treatment of CCS. After failure of
epidural steroid injections, the next sequential step is percutaneous adhesiolysis with a targeted
drug delivery.
Objective: The aim of our study is to evaluate the effectiveness of percutaneous cervical epidural
adhesiolysis in patients with chronic posterior neck pain and upper extremity pain due to CCS.
Study Design: This was a preliminary, prospective study.
Methods: Thirty-nine patients with CCS were enrolled and all subjects underwent cervical spine
magnetic resonance imaging. All patients received percutaneous adhesiolysis and appropriate
placement of a Racz catheter®, followed by an injection of 5 mL of 0.2 % preservative-free
ropivacaine containing 1,500 units of hyaluronidase and 4 mg of dexamethasone. In the recovery
room, each patient also received 6 mL of 10% hypertonic sodium chloride solution, after which
the catheter was removed. Outcome measures were obtained using a 5-point patient’s satisfaction
scale at 2 weeks and at 6 months post-treatment. To evaluate treatment effectiveness, we divided
the patients into 2 groups according to their treatment response.
Limitations: Secondary outcomes were not measured. The study did not include a long-term
follow-up period or control group.
Results: Improvement designated as reports of moderate pain, little pain, and no pain was
observed in 30 patients (77.0 %) at 2 weeks and 28 patients (71.8 %) at 6 months after the
procedure. There was no statistically significant correlation between pain relief and the severity
of CCS.
Conclusion: Percutaneous adhesiolysis utilizing local anesthetic steroids and hypertonic sodium
chloride solution may be an effective management strategy in patients with chronic posterior neck
and upper extremity pain due to cervical central spinal stenosis, although there is no correlation
between therapeutic response and the grade of CCS.
Key words: Neck, spinal stenosis, cervical vertebra, adhesiolysis
Clinical and Radiological Characteristics of
Concomitant Peripheral Arterial Obstructive
Disease in Patients with Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
Authors: Chung Nam-Su
Published: March 2021

Background: Intermittent claudication is a typical symptom of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS)
and peripheral arterial obstructive disease (PAD). Because both LSS and PAD are predominantly
associated with degenerative conditions, concomitant conditions are not uncommon. However,
few reports of the demographic, clinical, and radiological characteristics of concomitant LSS and
PAD (LSSPAD) have been published.
Objective: To identify the demographic, clinical, and radiological risk factors for concomitant
PAD in LSS.
Study Design: A retrospective matched-control study.
Methods: This study involved a retrospective cohort of 43 consecutive patients with LSSPAD and
a control cohort of 45 age- and gender-matched patients diagnosed with LSS without PAD. Each
patient in both groups underwent plain lumbar radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging of the
lumbar spine, and ankle-brachial index (ABI) measurement. Demographic and clinical parameters
were obtained. The abdominal aorta calcification score (AACS) was evaluated on the lateral lumbar
radiographs. Computed tomographic angiography (CTA) of the lower limb was performed to
confirm PAD.
Results: The mean age of the LSSPAD group was 67.7 ± 10.7 years (52 – 88 years). The prevalence
of diabetes mellitus (DM) was significantly higher in the LSSPAD group than in the LSS group (P =
0.022). The mean ABI was 0.71 ± 0.22 (0.32 – 0.91) for the LSSPAD group and 0.96 ± 0.18 (0.83
– 1.10) for LSS group (P < 0.001). The prevalence of aortic calcification was significantly higher in
the LSSPAD group than in the LSS group (P < 0.001). The mean AACS was 10.2 ± 3.2 (2 – 18) for
the LSSPAD group and 3.4 ± 4.1 (0 – 14) for the LSS group (P < 0.001).
Limitations: Retrospective design.
Conclusion: We found that concomitant PAD in patients with LSS is associated with old age, DM,
the presence of aortic calcification, and ABI < 0.9. When these risk factors exist, further work up is
needed to exclude the concomitant PAD.
Key words: Claudication, lumbar spinal stenosis, peripheral arterial obstructive disease, aortic
calcification, ankle-brachial index