bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Campylobacter, Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, Verotoxigenic Escherichia coli, and Escherichia coli Prevalence, Enumeration, and Subtypes on Retail Chicken Breasts with and without Skin
Authors: COOK ANGELA , ODUMERU JOSEPH , LEE SUSAN , POLLARI FRANK
Published: December 2011

This study examined the prevalence, counts, and subtypes of Campylobacter, Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC), and E. coli on raw retail chicken breast with the skin on versus the skin off. From January to December 2007, 187 raw skin-on chicken breasts and 131 skin-off chicken breasts were collected from randomly selected retail grocery stores in the Region of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. Campylobacter isolates were recovered from a higher proportion of the skin-off chicken breasts, 55 (42%) of 131, than of the skin-on chicken breasts tested, 55 (29%) of 187 (P = 0.023). There was no difference in the proportion of Salmonella isolates recovered from the two meat types (P = 0.715): 40 (31%) of 131 skin-off chicken breasts versus 61 (33%) of 187 skin-on chicken breasts. L. monocytogenes isolates were recovered from a statistically lower proportion of the skin-off chicken breasts, 15 (15%) of 99, than of the skin-on chicken breasts, 64 (34%) of 187 (P = 0.001). There was no difference in the proportion of E. coli isolates recovered from the skin-off chicken breasts, 33 (33%) of 99, than from the skin-on chicken breasts, 77 (41%) of 187 (P = 0.204). VTEC was detected on a single skin-off chicken breast. Campylobacter jejuni was the most frequent species isolated on both types of chicken meat: skin-on, 48 (87%) of 55, and skin-off, 51 (94%) of 54. Salmonella serotypes Kentucky and Heidelberg and L. monocytogenes serotype 1/2a were the most frequently detected serotypes from both skin-off and skin-on chicken breasts. Although there appeared to be a trend toward higher enumeration values of these pathogens and E. coli on the skin-on chicken, the differences did not exceed 1 log. This study suggested that skin-off chicken breast may represent a higher risk of consumer exposure to Campylobacter, a similar risk for Salmonella, VTEC, and E. coli, and a lower risk for L. monocytogenes than skin-on chicken breast.
Widespread Listeriosis Outbreak Attributable to Pasteurized Cheese, Which Led to Extensive Cross-Contamination Affecting Cheese Retailers, Quebec, Canada, 2008
Authors: GAULIN COLETTE , RAMSAY DANIELLE , BEKAL SADJIA
Published: December 2011

A major Listeria monocytogenes outbreak occurred in the province of Quebec, Canada, in 2008, involving a strain of L. monocytogenes (LM P93) characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and associated with the consumption of pasteurized milk cheese. This report describes the results of the ensuing investigation. All individuals affected with LM P93 across the province were interviewed with a standardized questionnaire. Microbiological and environmental investigations were conducted by the Quebec's Food Inspection Branch of Ministère de l'Agriculture, des Pêcheries et de l'Alimentation du Québec among retailers and cheese plants involved in the outbreak. Between 8 June and 31 December 2008, 38 confirmed cases of LM P93 were reported to public health authorities, including 16 maternal-neonatal cases (14 pregnant women, and two babies born to asymptomatic mothers). The traceback of many brands of cheese that tested positive for LM P93 collected from retailers identified two cheese plants contaminated by L. monocytogenes strains on 3 and 4 September. PFGE profiles became available for both plants on 8 September, and confirmed that a single plant was associated with the outbreak. Products from these two plants were distributed to more than 300 retailers in the province, leading to extensive cross-contamination of retail stock. L. monocytogenes is ubiquitous, and contamination can occur subsequent to heat treatment, which usually precedes cheese production. Contaminated soft-textured cheese is particularly prone to bacterial growth. Ongoing regulatory and industry efforts are needed to decrease the presence of Listeria in foods, including pasteurized products. Retailers should be instructed about the risk of cross-contamination, even with soft pasteurized cheese and apply methods to avoid it.
Observational Study of the Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance of Campylobacter spp. from Different Poultry Production Systems in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: BESTER LINDA A. , ESSACK SABIHA Y.
Published: December 2011

Campylobacter bacteria are important foodborne pathogens that cause acute diarrheal illness, and infection is often associated with contaminated poultry. In a blind observational study, the prevalence and resistance profiles of thermophilic Campylobacter strains collected from different poultry production systems were tested against the clinically used antibiotics ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, erythromycin, gentamicin, and streptomycin. Campylobacter strains were isolated from chickens in rural production systems, a free-range commercial facility, and industrially raised broiler and egg-laying chickens all situated in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Isolates were collected from the chicken cecae and were identified with conventional methods and tested for antibiotic resistance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute agar dilution method. The prevalence of Campylobacter spp. isolates in chickens was 68% (56 samples) in rural production, 47% (140 samples) in commercial free-range broilers, 47% (133 samples) in industrial broilers, and 94% (34 samples) in industrial layer hens. Isolates from the rurally raised chickens showed significantly (P < 0.01) less resistance against ciprofloxacin (7.9%), erythromycin (0%), and tetracycline (21.6%) than those from commercially produced chickens. Isolates from the commercially raised chickens (free range and industrial) were highly resistant to tetracycline (98.9 to 100%). The incidence of gentamicin and streptomycin resistance was 1.6 and 11.5%, respectively, in commercial free-range broilers, 1.7 and 16.4%, respectively, in industrially raised broilers, and 12.9 and 40%, respectively, in industrially raised layers. It is possible that variations among the poultry production systems, including antimicrobial usage, result in differences in antibiotic resistance profiles in Campylobacter.
Chlorine Treatment To Inactivate Norovirus on Food Contact Surfaces
Authors: KIM SEOK-WON , BAEK SEUNG-BUM , HA JI-HYOUNG , LEE MIN HWA , CHOI CHANGSUN , HA SANG-DO
Published: December 2011

This study was conducted to determine the concentration and optimal treatment time of chlorine for reducing feline calicivirus (FCV) and murine norovirus (MNV) as surrogates of norovirus (NoV) on stainless steel surfaces and to develop a predictive inactivation method using a response surface methodology. The reduction levels of FCV VR-782 and MNV on stainless steel surfaces after treatment with various concentrations of chlorine (0 to 5,000 ppm) for various times (0 to 5 min) were measured. The reduction values of both FCV and MNV on stainless steel surfaces after 5,000 ppm of chlorine treatment for 5 min were 5.20 TCID50 per coupon. The predictive results obtained by central composite design were analyzed by standard analysis of variance. The application of multiple regression analysis was related to the following polynomial equations: (i) and (ii) . It was concluded that these polynomial equation models of reduction of FCV and MNV could be used to determine the minimum concentration of chlorine and exposure times to control human NoV on food contact surfaces.
Comparison of Destructive and Nondestructive Sampling Techniques of Retail Chicken Carcasses for Enumeration of Hygiene Indicator Microorganisms
Authors: COSSI MARCUS VINÍCIUS COUTINHO , de ALMEIDA MICHELLE VIEIRA , DIAS MARIANE REZENDE , de ARRUDA PINTO PAULO SÉRGIO , NERO LUÍS AUGUSTO
Published: December 2011

The type of sampling technique used to obtain food samples is fundamental to the success of microbiological analysis. Destructive and nondestructive techniques, such as tissue excision and rinsing, respectively, are widely employed in obtaining samples from chicken carcasses. In this study, four sampling techniques used for chicken carcasses were compared to evaluate their performances in the enumeration of hygiene indicator microorganisms. Sixty fresh chicken carcasses were sampled by rinsing, tissue excision, superficial swabbing, and skin excision. All samples were submitted for enumeration of mesophilic aerobes, Enterobacteriaceae, coliforms, and Escherichia coli. The results were compared to determine the statistical significance of differences and correlation (P < 0.05). Tissue excision provided the highest microbial counts compared with the other procedures, with significant differences obtained only for coliforms and E. coli (P < 0.05). Significant correlations (P < 0.05) were observed for all the sampling techniques evaluated for most of the hygiene indicators. Despite presenting a higher recovery ability, tissue excision did not present significant differences for microorganism enumeration compared with other nondestructive techniques, such as rinsing, indicating its adequacy for microbiological analysis of chicken carcasses.
Development of a PCR Protocol To Detect Aflatoxigenic Molds in Food Products
Authors: LUQUE M. ISABEL , RODRÍGUEZ ALICIA , ANDRADE MARÍA J. , MARTÍN ALBERTO , CÓRDOBA JUAN J.
Published: December 2011

Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites produced mainly by Aspergillus species growing in foodstuffs. Because aflatoxins have important health effects, the detection of early contamination of foods by aflatoxigenic molds should be useful. In the present work, a reliable conventional PCR method for detecting aflatoxigenic molds of various species was developed. Fifty-six aflatoxigenic and nonaflatoxigenic strains commonly reported in foodstuffs were tested. Aflatoxin production was first confirmed by micellar electrokinetic capillary electrophoresis or/and high-pressure liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Based on the conserved regions of the O-methyltransferase gene (omt-1) involved in the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway, six primer pairs were designed. With only the designed primer pair AFF1-AFR3, the expected PCR product (381 bp) was obtained in all of the tested aflatoxigenic strains of various species and genera. Amplification products were not obtained with this primer pair for any of the nonaflatoxigenic reference molds. However, an amplicon of 453 bp was obtained for all aflatoxigenic and nonaflatoxigenic mold reference strains with a PCR protocol based on the constitutive fungal β-tubulin gene, which was used as a positive fungal control. The PCR protocol based on omt-1 detected as little as 15 pg of DNA from aflatoxigenic molds and 102 to 103 CFU/g in contaminated food samples. This PCR protocol should be used as a routine technique to detect aflatoxigenic molds in foods.
Enhanced Control of Microbiological Contamination of Product at a Large Beef Packing Plant†
Authors: YANG X. , BADONI M. , YOUSSEF M. K. , GILL C. O.
Published: December 2011

Swab samples were obtained from groups of 25 carcasses at various stages of processing at a large beef packing plant. The log mean number of aerobes recovered from carcasses after skinning was 2.2 log CFU/cm2. Spraying the uneviscerated carcasses with 5% lactic acid reduced the numbers of aerobes by about 1 log unit; but subsequent carcass dressing operations, a second treatment with 5% lactic acid, pasteurizing, and carcass cooling had no substantial effect upon the number of aerobes on carcasses. The total numbers of coliforms or Escherichia coli cells recovered from skinned carcasses were <2 log CFU/2,500 cm2. The numbers were reduced by the washing of uneviscerated carcasses but increased after evisceration operations. The numbers were reduced by spraying with lactic acid and pasteurizing, with no coliforms or E. coli being recovered from pasteurized carcass sides. No coliforms or E. coli cells were recovered from the forequarters of cooled carcass sides, but E. coli cells were recovered from the hindquarters of 1 of 50 cooled carcass sides, at 1.4 log CFU/1,000 cm2. The numbers of aerobes on conveyor belts in the carcass breaking facility were similar to the numbers on cooled carcass, but the numbers of aerobes on cuts and trimmings and the number of coliforms and E. coli cells on the products and belts were higher than the numbers on carcasses. The findings indicate that most cooled carcasses produced at the plant carry E. coli at numbers <1 CFU/10,000 cm2 but that product can be contaminated with small numbers of E. coli (<1 CFU/100 cm2) during carcass breaking.
Escherichia coli Producing CMY-2 β-Lactamase in Bovine Mastitis Milk
Authors: ENDIMIANI ANDREA , BERTSCHY ISABELLE , PERRETEN VINCENT
Published: December 2011

An Escherichia coli isolate producing the CMY-2 β-lactamase was found in the milk of a cow with recurrent subclinical mastitis. The isolate was resistant to the antibiotics commonly used for intramammary mastitis treatment, such as penicillins, cephalosporins, β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and sulfonamides. This is the first report of a plasmid-mediated AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae in bovine milk.
A Comparative Study of Temporary Splints: Bonded Polyethylene Fiber Reinforcement Ribbon and Stainless Steel Wire + Composite Resin Splint in the Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Koganti Vijay Prasad , Sekhar L Chandra , Shankar B Ravi , Gopinath A
Published: January 2012

The present clinical study was undertaken to determine the effects of splinting overunsplinted mobile teeth following periodontal surgery and compared the efficacy of two splinting materials, i.e. Ribbond ribbon + Composite with Stainless steel wire + Composite.

Materials and methods

Total of 30 patients (20 experimental and 10 control) formed the study group. Entire study was extended over a period of 12 weeks for each patient and treatment plan was divided into 8 phases. Healing response was monitored and application, durability, biocompatibility of splint material was assessed.

Results

Splint had a promising and beneficial effects on anterior teeth exhibiting Grade I to Grade II degrees of mobility. Experimental group showed a greater reduction in tooth mobility compared to control group. There was no significant difference in plaque index and Ribbond Ribbon reinforced with composite resin was an excellent material for application, patient comfort, resistance to fracture, biocompatable and esthetic acceptability.

Clinical significance

Splinting is recommended as an adjunct to periodontal surgery in the treatment of hypermobile teeth, especially in cases where patient discomfort is a prominent factor.

How to cite this article

Chandra Sekhar L, Koganti VP, Ravi Shankar B, Gopinath A. A Comparative Study of Temporary Splints: Bonded Polyethylene Fiber Reinforcement Ribbon and Stainless Steel Wire + Composite Resin Splint in the Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(5): 343-349.
Histopathologic Diversity of Gorlin's Cyst: A Study of Four Cases and Review of Literature
Authors: Gupta Indra , Sonawane Kishore , Singaraju Medhini , Singaraju Sasidhar
Published: January 2012

Aim

The purpose of the present article is to discuss four different case reports of the so-called calcifying odontogenic cyst and highlight the histopathological diversity of the same.

Background

Calcifying odontogenic cyst was first described by Gorlin et al in 1962. Ever since, its identification as a specific odontogenic lesion, controversies and confusions have existed regarding the relationship between cystic lesions and solid tumor masses that share cellular and histomorphologic features. Although several classifications were proposed, dilemma still persists regarding the nature of these lesions as cysts, neoplasms and even malignancies.

Conclusion and clinical significance

The classifications discussed for the so-called calcifying odontogenic cyst by various authors have only added to further confusion rather than enlightening. Though many authors state that classifications remain only an academic exercise, it definitely has significance in treatment planning. Emphasis should, therefore, be laid on a universally accepted classification.

How to cite this article

Sonawane K, Singaraju M, Gupta I, Singaraju S. Histopathologic Diversity of Gorlin's Cyst: A Study of Four Cases and Review of Literature. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(5):392-397.
Settlement process of radioactive dust to the ground inferred from the atmospheric electric field measurement
Authors: Yamauchi M. , Takeda M. , Makino M. , Owada T. , Miyagi I.
Published: January 2012

Abstract. Radioactive materials from the accident at Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant (FNPP) in March 2011 spread over a large area, increasing the atmospheric electric conductivity by their ionizing effect, and reducing the vertical (downward) component of the DC electric field near the ground, or potential gradient (PG). PG data at Kakioka, 150 km away from the FNPP, showed independent changes compared to the radiation dose rate, and a comparison of these data revealed the local dynamics of the radioactive dust. (1) The initial drop of the PG to almost zero during 14–15 March is most likely due to radioactive dust suspended in the air near the ground during cloudy weather. (2) An episode of PG increase to more than 50 V m−1 on 16 March is most likely due to the re-suspension of the radioactive dust from the surface and subsequent removal from Kakioka by the strong wind from the non-contaminated area. (3) Low but finite values of the PG during 16–20 March most likely reflect a reduced amount of radioactive material near the ground after the above wind transported away the majority of the suspended radioactive dust. (4) Very low values of the PG after substantial rain on 20–22 March most likely reflect settlement of the radioactive material by rain-induced fallout. (5) Temporal recovery of daily variations from the end of March to the middle of April with low nighttime fair-weather baseline PG most likely reflects re-suspension of the radioactive dust into the air from the ground and trees, and subsequent transport to the other region or fallout to the ground until late April. (6) Weakening of the daily variation and gradual recovery of the nighttime fair-weather baseline after mid-April suggests a complete settlement of the radioactive material to the ground with partial migration to the subsurface.
Production of Quorum Sensing Inhibitors in Growing Onion Bulbs Infected withPseudomonas aeruginosaE (HQ324110)
Authors: Abd-Alla Mohamed H. , Bashandy Shymaa R.
Published: January 2012

Eighteen organic compounds were present in growing onion bulbs cultivar Giza 6 infected withP. aeruginosa, but only fourteen of them are present in dry infected onion bulbs; however, four compounds were missing in dry onion. The missing compounds in dry infected onion bulbs are pantolactone, 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dimethylfuran-2(3H)-one, myristic acid, and linoleic acid. All of them were detected in growing onion (living cell) duringPseudomonas aeruginosainfection, and it is hypothesized that it may be produced by plants and act as defence system. Pantolactone and myristic acid were selected to explore their effects on growth and virulence factors ofPseudomonas aeruginosa. Exogenous application of pantolactone and myristic acid significantly inhibited pyocyanin production, protease, and lipase and polygalacturonase activity but did not have any significant effects on bacterial growth. The inhibition of virulence factors without reduction in bacterial growth may be providing strong support that these chemical molecules are general quorum sensing inhibitors than an antibacterial effect. Disruption of quorum sensing of pathogen indicates that this new approach has potential in fighting bacterial infections in human and plants.
The Inviscid Limits to Piecewise Smooth Solutions for a General Parabolic System
Authors: Ma Shixiang
Published: January 2012

We study the viscous limit problem for a general system of conservation laws. We prove that if the solution of the underlying inviscid problem is piecewise smooth with finitely many noninteracting shocks satisfying the entropy condition, then there exist solutions to the corresponding viscous system which converge to the inviscid solutions away from shock discontinuities at a rate of ε1 as the viscosity coefficient ε vanishes.
Fatty Acid Profile in Plasma and Red Blood Cells in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients
Authors: Miranda Gemma , Arranz Laura , Ventura Josep L , Rafecas Magda , Segura Ramon , Javierre Casimiro
Published: January 2012

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome is an illness of unknown aetiology that has been associated with abnormalities in essential fatty acid metabolism, however this still remains unclear. We have compared the fatty acid profile in plasma and red blood cells and their dietary intake between a group of 20 patients diagnosed with CFS (18 women and 2 men) and 20 aged- sex- diet- low activity- matched controls. Compared to the controls, CFS patients show a decrease in the proportion of linoleic acid (t: 2.137, p: 0.039) and an increase in that of stearic acid (t: 2.602, p: 0.013) in plasma, however such differences have not been observed in the fatty acid profile of red blood cells. In these cases, no direct relationship has been observed between the dietary intake and fatty acid profile. Therefore, these results do not give support that long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids may contribute in the better course of the pathology.
Long Term Ingestion of Hormonal Contraceptive Agents – The Exogenous Factor for the Increased Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)?
Authors: Czejka M.J. , Pakfeifer G. , Mayr E. , Kafka K. , Farkouh A.
Published: January 2012

In three different in-vivo studies the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was investigated utilizing the blood of healthy women who use hormonal contraception (HC) and a control group of non-HC users. ROS were quantified by a validated, commercially available photometric kit. In the first study ROS were measured in blood of women from various regions of the Austrian territory. The findings revealed that women using HC had significantly higher ROS levels in the blood (mean 572 + 136 FORT; one FORT unit represents 0,26 mg hydrogen peroxide per litre) than the non-HC group, HC (347 + 80 FORT). In the second study, ROS from female students of pharmacy were measured. The results were similar to the first investigation: 519 + 92 FORT in the group using HC and 331 + 68 FORT in the controlled non-HC group. These outcomes are statistically significant (p
Fibromyalgia and Diet-Related Diseases: Does Health Professional Advice Make Sense?
Authors: Laura-Isabel Arranz  , Miguel-Ángel Canela  , Magda Rafecas
Published: January 2012

Many people in the world suffer from fibromyalgia (FM), a rheumatic disease of unknown ethiopathophysiology and without an effective treatment. Patients do not have a good quality of life and cannot maintain normal daily activity. FM commonly occurs with other diseases, some of them, like irritable bowel syndrome, obesity, or some food allergies or intolerances, are related or affected by diet. Non-scientific information addressed to patients regarding the benefits of nutrition is widely available, and they are used to trying non-evidenced strategies. The aim of this paper is to make a first reflection on the relevance of diet related diseases in FM patients, to reinforce investigation in this field and highlight the importance of health professional advice regarding diets and use of food supplements. An internet based survey was prepared and offered to answer in a specific FM website. Patients were asked about hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, irritable bowel syndrome, food allergies and intolerances, and overweight or obesity. Ninety seven persons answered to the survey, two men and ninety five women. Irritable bowel syndrome and excess weight (overweight and obesity) were the most reported diet-related diseases. In the third position were food allergies or intolerances, and in the fourth hypertension. Diet-related diseases are frequent in FM patients, who even sometimes suffer more than two. Therefore, more investigation and dietary advice seems to be necessary to these patients to improve their diets, taking into account FM but also other pathologies, to keep an optimum nutritional status and maintain a normal weight.
Flavonoids of Neotorularia aculeolata Plant
Authors: Fatma A. Ahmed  , Inas M. Abd El–Wahab Khamis  , Samar Y. Desoukey
Published: January 2012

Neotorularia aculeolata belongs to the family Cruciferae that has several uses in the Egyptian folk medicine for many years. Nothing could be traced about the chemical composition of the plant. Extraction, isolation and purification of the air-dried plant material using different chromatographic techniques (PC, TLC & CC) provided seven flavonoids. Identification of the isolated compounds using different chemical and physical techniques (UV, 1H-NMR and C 13 NMR spectroscopy) allowed to characterize these compounds as kaempferol, kaempferol-7-O-rhamnoglucoside {Kaempferol-7-neohesperidoside}, quercetin, rutin, quercetin-3-O- β-D-glucoside-7-O-α-L-rhamnoside-3`-methylether, quercetin-3,7-di-O-α-L-rhamnoside-3`-methylether and myricetin.
Pioglitazone Ameliorates Lipid Metabolic Disorder in KKAy Mice
Authors: Sifan Chen  , Qing Wei  , Yanshuang Sun  , Xincai Xiao  , Zili Zhang  , Liangru Ke  , Niman Zhou  , Zhiming Shan  , Xiang Feng  , Wei Zhu
Published: January 2012

Pioglitazone (pio) has been used as an effective hypoglycemic drug in medicine, however, the effects and mechanisms of pio on lipid metabolic disorder are still largely unknown. To explore the effects of pio on serum and liver lipid level and antioxidant ability of mice with lipid metabolic disorder, KKAy mice were treated with piofor 12 weeks and their lipid and antioxidant indices were compared to those of KKAy mice without pio treatment. C57BL/6J mice were used as control animals. The results show that pio treatment reduces serum and liver TG, elevates serum HDL-C level, increases serum and liver SOD activity, attenuates serum MDA content, ameliorates liver steatosis, induces liver PPARγexpression and enhances AMPKα phosphorylation level. In conclusion, the results indicate that pio could regulate blood lipid level, reduce liver lipid deposition and enhance antioxidant capacity of mice with lipid metabolic disorder, which is possibly through increasing AMPKα phosphorylation.
Effect of polymerization and preheating processes on poly(ethylene terephthalate) depolymerization
Authors: Asakuma Yusuke , Koga Daisuke , Nakagawa Kyuya , Maeda Kouji , Fukui Keisuke
Published: January 2012

The depolymerization reaction of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) was analyzed on the basis of experimental and numerical data obtained from molecular orbital calculations. Various types of PETs polymerized by different methods and preheated by microwave irradiation were used to investigate the depolymerization mechanism. The activation energies obtained from the optimized structures of the ground state and the transition state were compared with the experimental data. On the basis of these comparisons, it was found that not only the crystallinity but also configuration changes caused by preheating were essential for realizing a high rate of transesterification reactions, such as depolymerization. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Sol–gel synthesis and characterization of polyimides based on the reaction of butane‐1,2,3,4‐tetracarboxylic acid with 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane
Authors: Schramm Christian , Rinderer Beate , Tessadri Richard
Published: January 2012

Butane‐1,2,3,4‐tetracarboxylic acid is reacted with hydrolyzed 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) at 110 and 220°C (molar ratios 1 : 1 and 1 : 2). The as‐prepared materials were characterized by means of various analytical methods. FTIR measurements revealed the formation of a polyamic acid at 110°C whereas the treatment at 220°C resulted in the preparation of a polyimide. These findings were confirmed by means of SS‐13C‐MAS‐NMR. XRPD experiments gave clear evidence for the formation of a specific periodic arrangement in the material. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the organic–inorganic material has improved thermal properties. All the materials obtained were insoluble in water and organic solvents. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
In utero and early‐life exposure of rats to a Wi‐Fi signal: Screening of immune markers in sera and gestational outcome
Authors: Aït‐Aïssa Saliha , Billaudel Bernard , Poulletier de Gannes Florence , Ruffié Gilles , Duleu Sébastien , Hurtier Annabelle , Haro Emmanuelle , Taxile Murielle , Athané Axel , Geffard Michel , Wu Tongning , Wiart Joe , Bodet Dominique , Veyret Bernard , Lagroye Isabelle
Published: January 2012

An experimental approach was used to assess immunological biomarkers in the sera of young rats exposed in utero and postnatal to non‐ionizing radiofrequency fields. Pregnant rats were exposed free‐running, 2 h/day and 5 days/week to a 2.45 GHz Wi‐Fi signal in a reverberation chamber at whole‐body specific absorption rates (SAR) of 0, 0.08, 0.4, and 4 W/kg (with 10, 10, 12, and 9 rats, respectively), while cage control rats were kept in the animal facility (11 rats). Dams were exposed from days 6 to 21 of gestation and then three newborns per litter were further exposed from birth to day 35 postnatal. On day 35 after birth, all pups were sacrificed and sera collected. The screening of sera for antibodies directed against 15 different antigens related to damage and/or pathological markers was conducted using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). No change in humoral response of young pups was observed, regardless of the types of biomarker and SAR levels. This study also provided some data on gestational outcome following in utero exposure to Wi‐Fi signals. Mass evaluation of dams and pups and the number of pups per litter was monitored, and the genital tracts of young rats were observed for abnormalities by measuring anogenital distance. Under these experimental conditions, our observations suggest a lack of adverse effects of Wi‐Fi exposure on delivery and general condition of the animals. Bioelectromagnetics 33:410–420, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of 13CO Distillation in Structured Packing
Authors: Li H.‐L. , Ju Y.‐L. , Li L.‐J. , Xu D.‐G.
Published: January 2012

Physical 3D models were established for corrugated packing used in the enrichment of the isotope 13C. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation results indicated that common corrugated packing was not well wetted when used for isotope distillation. It is concluded that liquid misdistribution in the packed tower results from the structure of the packing rather than from the height of the packing beds. The existence of entrainment was also demonstrated by CFD simulation. It is proved that mass transfer equations based on the Nusselt theory are not suitable for distillation calculation in such a corrugated packing system. By comparison, the recently developed structured packing model with a corrugation geometry based on the right‐angled triangle, known as Zigzag‐pak, describes vapor‐liquid distribution properties well and has significant advantages over common corrugated packing due to its better liquid distribution character.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of DyCuxGa2‐x (x = 0—2.0) Antiferromagnetic Compounds.
Authors: Xia Yuanhua , Du Honglin , Xu Jianhui , Zhang Yan , Wang Changsheng , Yang Jinbo , Han Xiangzhen , Sun Kai
Published: January 2012

The effect of mutual substitution of Cu and Ga on the crystal structure and the magnetic properties of the title compounds are characterized by XRD and magnetic measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: SrAu4.76In1.24 with YbMo2Al4‐Type Structure.
Authors: Muts Ihor , Matar Samir F. , Rodewald Ute Ch. , Zaremba Vasyl' I. , Poettgen Rainer
Published: January 2012

SrAu4.76In1.24 is synthesized by high frequency melting of the elements followed by annealing at 1400 K for 5 min and at 900 K for 4 h.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Properties of RE3Pd6Sb5 (RE: Pr, Nd, Gd) and a Group‐Subgroup Scheme for Ce3Pd6Sb5 and Yb5Cu11Sn8.
Authors: Schellenberg Inga , Hoffmann Rolf‐Dieter , Seidel Stefan , Schwickert Christian , Poettgen Rainer
Published: January 2012

The Ce3Pd6Sb5‐type compounds Ln3Pd6Sb5 (Ln: Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb) are prepared from the elements by arc‐melting.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Approach to the Preparation of Microcrystalline ZnNb2O6 Photocatalysts via a Water‐Soluble Niobium‐citrate‐peroxo Compound.
Authors: Wu Weiming , Liang Shijing , Ding Zhengxin , Zheng Huarong , Wu Ling
Published: January 2012

Microcrystalline ZnNb2O6 photocatalysts are synthesized by a sol—gel process from mixtures of a niobium‐citrate‐peroxo solution, Zn(NO3)2, and citric acid (calcination of the obtained gel at 750—950 °C, 4 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Investigating Cation Binding in the Polyoxometalate‐Super‐Crown [P8W48O184]40‐.
Authors: Boyd Thomas , Mitchell Scott G. , Gabb David , Long De‐Liang , Cronin Leroy
Published: January 2012

The crystal structures of the new, potassium‐free compounds (IV) and (V) are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure and Properties of a New Mixed‐Valence Compound LiMn2TeO6 and the Survey of the LiMM′XO6 Family (X: Sb or Te).
Authors: Pospelov A. A. , Nalbandyan V. B. , Serikova E. I. , Medvedev B. S. , Evstigneeva M. A. , Ni E. V. , Lukov V. V.
Published: January 2012

The new compound LiMn2TeO6 is synthesized by solid state reaction of Li2CO3, Mn2O3, and TeO2 (600 °C for 3—6 h and 750—800 °C for 2—3 h).
ChemInform Abstract: C—N and C—S Bond Forming Cross Coupling in Water with Amphiphilic Resin‐Supported Palladium Complexes.
Authors: Hirai Yoshinori , Uozumi Yasuhiro
Published: January 2012

Carbon—nitrogen and carbon—sulfur bond forming reactions of haloarenes (I) and (VI) with secondary amines (II) and benzenethiols (IV) and (VII) are performed under heterogeneous conditions utilizing immobilized palladium complexes coordinated with a amphiphilic resin‐supported phosphane ligand to provide aryl(dialkyl)amines (III) and diaryl sulfides (V) and (VIII) in satisfactory to very good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Cesium Fluoride Catalyzed Aza‐Michael Addition Reaction in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Labade Vilas B. , Pawar Shivaji S. , Shingare Murlidhar S.
Published: January 2012

A green approach to the aza‐Michael addition of amines to α,β‐unsaturated compounds (II) under conventional as well as ultrasound conditions is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Tunable Functionalization of Allylic Imidates: Regioselective Aminodiacetoxylation and Aziridination.
Authors: Cui Sunliang , Wojtas Lukasz , Antilla Jon C.
Published: January 2012

Regioselective aminodiacetoxylation occurs in the presence of Pd(O‐Ac)2 with a wide range of N‐aryl and N‐alkyl allylic imidates under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Regio‐ and Diastereoselective Halohydroxylation of Olefins: A Facile Synthesis of Vicinal Halohydrins.
Authors: Zhang Jinglei , Wang Jie , Qiu Zhuibai , Wang Yang
Published: January 2012

1,3‐Dichloro‐5,5‐dimethylhydantoin, chloramine T trihydrate and N‐bromoacetamide are found to be useful halogen sources in the presence of N‐tosyl‐L‐threonine.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Highly Substituted Iminocyclopentenes: A Novel Isocyanide‐Based Three‐Component Condensation Reaction.
Authors: Esmaeili Abbas Ali , Moradi Abbas , Habibi Azizollah
Published: January 2012

A new procedure is developed to yield the title compounds (IV) (8 examples) without the need for any catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Suzuki—Miyaura Cross Coupling Reactions of B‐Allenyl‐9‐BBN.
Authors: Radkowski Karin , Seidel Guenter , Fuerstner Alois
Published: January 2012

Borane (III) together with sodium methoxide is an appropriate donor for Suzuki‐Miyaura type allenylation reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of ortho‐Substituted Nitroaromatics via Improved Negishi Coupling Conditions.
Authors: Tuttle Jamison B. , et al. et al.
Published: January 2012

The coupling products are useful intermediates for the synthesis of hydroxamic acids such as (XIV).
ChemInform Abstract: Recyclable Heterogeneous Copper Oxide on Alumina Catalyzed Coupling of Phenols and Alcohols with Aryl Halides under Ligand‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Swapna Kokkirala , Murthy Sabbavarapu Narayana , Jyothi Mocharla Tarani , Nageswar Yadavalli Venkata Durga
Published: January 2012

The method can be applied to the coupling of aryl/alkyl iodides or bromides with phenols, and to the coupling of saturated aliphatic alcohols with phenyl iodide to afford diaryl and araliphatic ethers.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,2‐Diketones from β‐Keto Nitriles via a Protection—Oxidative‐Decyanation—Deprotection Protocol.
Authors: Liu Yu , Yun Xiliu , Zhang‐Negrerie Daisy , Huang Jianhui , Du Yunfei , Zhao Kang
Published: January 2012

A novel synthesis includes protection of β‐keto nitriles as O‐methyl oximes followed by oxidative decyanation and deprotection.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Carbonylation of Aryl and Heteroaryl Bromides under Atmospheric Pressure of CO.
Authors: Yang Weizhun , Han Wei , Zhang Weidong , Shan Lei , Sun Jiansong
Published: January 2012

PdCl2/BINAP as the catalyst system allows the efficient esterification of p‐substituted aromatic and heteroaromatic bromides with low CO pressure.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Benzo[b]thieno Fused Ring Systems via Transition Metal‐Mediated Cyclizations.
Authors: Mbere Johana M. , Bremner John B. , Skelton Brian W. , White Allan H.
Published: January 2012

Starting from benzothiophene carboxylic acid derivatives (I), the synthesis of 2 different novel ring‐fused skeletons is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Organocatalytic Allylic Substitution of Morita—Baylis—Hillman Carbonates with Allylamines for the Synthesis of 2,5‐Dihydropyrroles.
Authors: Sun Wangsheng , Ma Xiaozhou , Hong Liang , Wang Rui
Published: January 2012

Substrates bearing an aryl substituent effectively react with allylamines to afford N‐tethered dienes with high enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Copper‐Free Sonogashira Coupling/5‐exo‐Dig Cycloisomerization Domino Reaction: Access to 3‐(Phenylmethylene)isoindolin‐1‐ones and Related Heterocycles.
Authors: Hellal Malik , Cuny Gregory D.
Published: January 2012

An efficient one‐pot procedure is developed for the synthesis of isoindolinones.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst‐Free One‐Pot Synthesis of 1,4,5‐Trisubstituted Pyrazoles in 2,2,2‐Trifluoroethanol.
Authors: Alinezhad Heshmatollah , Tajbakhsh Mahmood , Zare Mahboobeh
Published: January 2012

A three‐component one‐pot synthesis of 1,4,5‐trisubstituted pyrazoles by condensation of β‐dicarbonyl compounds, N,N‐dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal and hydrazine derivatives is described.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Pyrazoline Derivatized Carbazoles as Antitubercular, Anticancer Agents, Their DNA Cleavage and Antioxidant Activities.
Authors: Taj Tasneem , Kamble Ravindra R. , Gireesh T. M. , Hunnur Raveendra K. , Margankop Sheetal B.
Published: January 2012

Novel pyrazolylcarbazoles (III) (11 examples) are synthesized and evaluated for their biological properties: Most of them exhibit significant antitubercular, DNA cleavage and antioxidant activities as well as partial anticancer activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Identification of β‐Aryloxyquinolines and Their Pyrano[3,2‐c]chromene Derivatives as a New Class of Antimicrobial and Antituberculosis Agents.
Authors: Mungra Divyesh C. , Patel Manish P. , Rajani Dhanji P. , Patel Ranjan G.
Published: January 2012

β‐Aryloxyquinolines (III) and their pyranochromene derivatives (VI), incorporating a validated molecular target, are synthesized via nucleophilic displacement followed by a one‐pot multi‐component reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: 6‐Substituted Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines: Synthesis and Biological Activity Against Colon Cancer Cell Lines HT‐29 and Caco‐2.
Authors: Dahan‐Farkas Nurit , Langley Candice , Rousseau Amanda L. , Yadav Dharmendra B. , Davids Hajierah , de Koning Charles B.
Published: January 2012

13 Title compounds of type (IV) are prepared by a three‐component one‐pot synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocycles [H]‐Fused to 4‐Oxoquinoline‐3‐carboxylic Acid. Part 9. Synthesis of 2,6‐Dioxotetrahydro‐1H‐pyrrolo[3,2‐H]quinoline‐7‐carboxylic Acid.
Authors: Zahra Jalal A. , Al‐Jaber Hala I. , El‐Abadelah Mustafa M. , Abadleh Mohammed M.
Published: January 2012

A facile and efficient method for the synthesis of the title compound (V) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(II)‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Pyrazinones from α‐Azido‐N‐allylamides under an Oxygen Atmosphere.
Authors: Zhang Line , Lee Jian‐Yuan , Yamazaki Naomi , Chiba Shunsuke
Published: January 2012

The conversion of substrates bearing an aryl substituent proceeds through intramolecular 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of the azide substituent to the allyl moiety followed by copper‐catalyzed ring‐opening of the bicyclic product and oxidation with molecular oxygen.
ChemInform Abstract: Improved Syntheses of Phosphine Ligands by Direct Coupling of Diarylbromophosphine with Organometallic Reagents.
Authors: Liu Lei , Wu Hai‐Chen , Yu Jin‐Quan
Published: January 2012

It is found that diarylbromophosphines are much more effective than diarylchlorophosphines in the direct coupling with binaphthylmagnesium bromide and BINOL triflate, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Linearly and Angularly Fused Indan‐Based Constrained α‐Amino Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Krishna Nimita Gopal , Misra Shilpi , Khedkar Priti
Published: January 2012

The target compounds, important in the design of peptide drugs and peptidomimetics, are available by reaction of o‐bis(bromomethyl)arenes with ethyl isocyanate (II) as a glycine equivalent followed by hydrolysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Click to a Focused Library of Benzyl 6‐Triazolo(hydroxy)benzoic Glucosides: Novel Construction of PTP1B Inhibitors on a Sugar Scaffold.
Authors: Li Cui , He Xiao‐Peng , Zhang Yin‐Jie , Li Zhen , Gao Li‐Xin , Shi Xiao‐Xin , Xie Juan , Li Jia , Chen Guo‐Rong , Tang Yun
Published: January 2012

Azides (III) bearing alkyl chain lengths ranging from 3 to 5C are synthesized from methyl hydroxylbenzoates, e.g. (I), via a straightforward two‐step sequence involving O‐alkylation followed by nucleophilic azide substitution.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Bryostatin 1: A Short Route
Authors: Manaviazar Soraya , Hale Karl J.
Published: January 2012

Review: 29 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Orthometallation as a Strategy in Pd‐Mediated Organic Synthesis
Authors: Aguilar David , Cuesta Luciano , Nieto Sonia , Serrano Elena , Urriolabeitia Esteban P.
Published: January 2012

Review: 202 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Cyclizations of Enynes via a Ruthenacyclopentene Intermediate: Development of Three Novel Cyclizations Controlled by a Substituent on Alkyne of Enyne
Authors: Saito Nozomi , Tanaka Daisuke , Mori Miwako , Sato Yoshihiro
Published: January 2012

Review: 61 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Modular Design in Natural and Biomimetic Soft Materials
Authors: Kushner Aaron M. , Guan Zhibin
Published: January 2012

Review: 444 refs.
A critical center‐stable manifold for Schrödinger's equation in three dimensions
Authors: Beceanu Marius
Published: January 2012

Consider the focusing
$\dot H^{1/2}$‐critical semilinear Schrödinger equation in $\font\open=msbm10 at 10pt\def\R{\hbox{\open R}}\R^3$

It admits an eight‐dimensional manifold of special solutions called ground state solitons.

We exhibit a codimension‐1 critical real analytic manifold
${\cal N}$
of asymptotically stable solutions of (0.1) in a neighborhood of the soliton manifold. We then show that ${\cal N}$
is center‐stable, in the dynamical systems sense of Bates and Jones, and globally‐in‐time invariant.

Solutions in
${\cal N}$
are asymptotically stable and separate into two asymptotically free parts that decouple in the limit—a soliton and radiation. Conversely, in a general setting, any solution that stays $\dot H^{1/2}$‐close to the soliton manifold for all time is in ${\cal N}$.

The proof uses the method of modulation. New elements include a different linearization and an endpoint Strichartz estimate for the time‐dependent linearized equation.

The proof also uses the fact that the linearized Hamiltonian has no nonzero real eigenvalues or resonances. This has recently been established in the case treated here—of the focusing cubic NLS in
$\font\open=msbm10 at 10pt\def\R{\hbox{\open R}}\R^3$—by the work of Marzuola and Simpson and Costin, Huang, and Schlag. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Seasonality of water and carbon dioxide exchanges at a teak plantation in northern Thailand
Authors: Igarashi Yasunori , Tanaka Nobuaki , Tanaka Katsunori , Yoshifuji Natsuko , Sato Takanori , Tantasirin Chatchai , Suzuki Masakazu
Published: January 2012

The object of this study was to elucidate the seasonal patterns of energy partitioning of net radiation into sensible and latent heat fluxes and carbon dioxide (CO2) flux at a tropical deciduous forest site, i.e. a teak plantation in northern Thailand. In general, latent heat flux was more prominent than sensible heat flux in the wet (growing) season, whereas in the dry (dormant) season, sensible heat was the main form of energy emitted to the atmosphere. More specially, latent heat flux began to increase before leaf‐out of teak trees and decreased 1 month earlier than leaf‐fall initiation. Daytime net CO2 uptake appeared to increase with increasing amount of leaves but only at the beginning of the wet season; values peaked during the early part of wet season; and declined thereafter. This decline occurred about 3 months earlier than when latent heat flux began to decrease about 4 months earlier than the leaf‐fall initiation. These results indicate that the seasonality of water and CO2 exchanges between the atmosphere and the tropical deciduous forest was substantially decoupled during the late wet season. This decoupling of the seasonality of water and carbon exchanges may be particularly important when modelling the ecohydrology of this tropical deciduous forest. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of heterogeneity on unsaturated hydraulic properties: (1) local heterogeneity and scale effect
Authors: Chen Pen‐Yuan , Chen Chu‐Hui , Hsu Nien‐Sheng , Wu Cheng‐Mau , Wen Jet‐Chau
Published: January 2012

Spatial heterogeneity is ubiquitous in nature, which may significantly affect the soil hydraulic property curves. The models of a closed‐form functional relationship of soil hydraulic property curves (e.g. VG model or exponential model) are valid at point or local scale based on a point‐scale hydrological process, but how do scale effects of heterogeneity have an influence on the parameters of these models when the models are used in a larger scale process? This paper uses a two‐dimensional variably saturated flow and solute transport finite element model (VSAFT2) to simulate variations of pressure and moisture content in the soil flume under a constant head boundary condition. By changing different numerical simulation block sizes, a quantitative evaluation of parameter variations in the VG model, resulting from the scale effects, is presented. Results show that the parameters of soil hydraulic properties are independent of scale in homogeneous media. Parameters of α and n in homogeneous media, which are estimated by using the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity curve (UHC) or the soil water retention curve (WRC), are identical. Variations of local heterogeneities strongly affect the soil hydraulic properties, and the scale affects the results of the parameter estimations when numerical experiments are conducted. Furthermore, the discrepancy of each curve becomes considerable when moisture content becomes closer to a dry situation. Parameters estimated by UHC are totally different from the ones estimated by WRC. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.