bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A prospective observational evaluation of an online health care professional training program to promote healthy pregnancy weight gain
Authors: Nicoll Evelyn , Wilkinson Shelley A. , Braithwaite Simone , de Jersey Susan
Published: March 2023

Issue Addressed

A lack of programs to develop clinician knowledge and confidence to address weight gain within pregnancy is a barrier to the provision of evidence‐based care.

Aim

To examine the reach and effectiveness of the Healthy Pregnancy Healthy Baby online health professional training program.

Methods

A prospective observational evaluation applied the reach and effectiveness elements of the RE‐AIM framework. Health professionals from a range of disciplines and locations were invited to complete questionnaires before and after program completion assessing objective knowledge and perceived confidence around aspects of supporting healthy pregnancy weight gain, and process measures.

Results

There were 7577 views across all pages over a year period, accessed by participants across 22 Queensland locations. Pre‐ and post‐ training questionnaires were completed 217 and 135 times, respectively. The proportion of participants with scores over 85% and of 100% for objective knowledge was higher post training (P ≤ .001). Perceived confidence improved across all areas for 88%–96% of those who completed the post‐ training questionnaire. All respondents would recommend the training to others.

Conclusions

Clinicians from a range of disciplines, experience and locations accessed and valued the training, and knowledge of, and confidence in delivering care to support healthy pregnancy weight gain improved after completion.

So What?

This effective program to build the capacity of clinicians to support healthy pregnancy weight gain offers a model for online, flexible training highly valued by clinicians. Its adoption and promotion could standardise the support provided to women to encourage healthy weight gain during pregnancy.
A multifunctional optical‐thermal logic gate sensor array based on ferroelectric BiFeO3 thin films
Authors: Wu Li , Ji Yun , Dan Huiyu , Bowen Chris R. , Yang Ya
Published: March 2023

The growing need to process a diverse range of data has ignited effort in developing new multifunctional logic gate devices. In this article, we report a new form of all‐in‐one logic gate system that exploits the photoresponsivity of a self‐powered multifunctional BiFeO3 (BFO) sensor material. The BFO sensor can not only detect both light intensity and temperature, but it can also execute three common logic gates of “AND”, “OR”, and “NOT” by converting optical and thermal inputs into electrical output. The diverse functionality of the BFO logic gate sensor array utilizes the unique light‐and temperature‐controlled energy band structure and carrier behavior of the BFO material. To demonstrate the potential, a 3 × 3 logic gate sensor matrix is developed, which successfully detected light and temperature distributions, and accurately produced the three basic logic gate operations. This work provides a new route to construct highly integrated multifunctional electronic devices for the advancement of large sensing, communication, and computing operations.

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Al-Gazali Skeletal Dysplasia Constitutes the Lethal End of ADAMTSL2-Related Disorders
Authors: Batkovskyte Dominyka , McKenzie Fiona , Taylan Fulya , Simsek-Kiper Pelin Ozlem , Nikkel Sarah M , Ohashi Hirofumi , Stevenson Roger E , Ha Thuong , Cavalcanti Denise P , Miyahara Hiroyuki , Skinner Steven A , Aguirre Miguel A , Akçören Zühal , Utine Gulen Eda , Chiu Tillie , Shimizu Kenji , Hammarsjö Anna , Boduroglu Koray , Moore Hannah W , Louie Raymond J , Arts Peer , Merrihew Allie N , Babic Milena , Jackson Matilda R , Papadogiannakis Nikos , Lindstrand Anna , Nordgren Ann , Barnett Christopher P , Scott Hamish S , Chagin Andrei S , Nishimura Gen , Grigelioniene Giedre
Published: March 2023

Lethal short-limb skeletal dysplasia Al-Gazali type (OMIM %601356), also called dysplastic cortical hyperostosis, Al-Gazali type, is an ultra-rare disorder previously reported in only three unrelated individuals. The genetic etiology for Al-Gazali skeletal dysplasia has up until now been unknown. Through international collaborative efforts involving seven clinical centers worldwide, a cohort of nine patients with clinical and radiographic features consistent with short-limb skeletal dysplasia Al-Gazali type was collected. The affected individuals presented with moderate intrauterine growth restriction, relative macrocephaly, hypertrichosis, large anterior fontanelle, short neck, short and stiff limbs with small hands and feet, severe brachydactyly, and generalized bone sclerosis with mild platyspondyly. Biallelic disease-causing variants in ADAMTSL2 were detected using massively parallel sequencing (MPS) and Sanger sequencing techniques. Six individuals were compound heterozygous and one individual was homozygous for pathogenic variants in ADAMTSL2. In one of the families, pathogenic variants were detected in parental samples only. Overall, this study sheds light on the genetic cause of Al-Gazali skeletal dysplasia and identifies it as a semi-lethal part of the spectrum of ADAMTSL2-related disorders. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of meticulous analysis of the pseudogene region of ADAMTSL2 where disease-causing variants might be located. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
The feasibility of early response evaluation using superb microvascular imaging one day after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Oh Soeui , Kwon Heejin , Lim Kyungjae , Cho Jinhan , Kang Eunju , Kim Sanghyun , Baek Yanghyun
Published: March 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of early Superb microvascular imaging (SMI) for prediction of the effect of HCC treatment after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE).

Materials and Methods

A total of 96 HCCs (70 patients) treated with TACE between September 2021 and May 2022 were included in this study. SMI, Color Doppler imaging (CDI), and Power Doppler imaging (PDI) were performed the day after TACE for evaluation of intratumoral vascularity of the lesion using an Aplio500 ultrasound scanner (Toshiba Medical Systems, Corporation, Tochigi, Japan). Grading of the vascular presence was performed using a five‐point scale. A dynamic CT image taken after 29–42 days was used for comparison of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for detection of tumor vascularity between SMI, CDI, and PDI. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed for assessment of factors affecting intratumoral vascularity.

Results

Fifty‐eight lesions (60%) showed complete remission (CR) and 38 lesions (40%) showed partial response (PR) or no response at 29–42 days on Multi‐detector Computed Tomography (MDCT) after TACE. SMI showed sensitivity of 86.84% for detection of intratumoral flow, which was significantly higher compared with that of CDI (10.53%, p < 0.001) and PDI (36.84%, p < 0.001). The results of multivariate analysis indicated that tumor size was a significant factor in detection of blood flow using the SMI technique.

Conclusion

Early SMI may be utilized as an adjunctive diagnostic test for evaluation of treated lesions after TACE, particularly when the location of the tumor is in an area of the liver where a suitable sonic window can be identified.
Identification of immunogenic cell death‐associated subtypes and characterization of the tumor microenvironment in endometrial cancer
Authors: Pan Fang , Luo Yonghua , Wang Lanyu , Cheng Yulan , Bu Wenxia , Zhao Xinyuan , Xu Yiwen , Chen Lin , Wang Hongxing
Published: March 2023

Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is one of the mechanisms regulating cell death, which activates adaptive immunity in immunocompetent hosts and is associated with tumor progression, prognosis and therapeutic response. Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common malignancies of the female genital tract, and the potential role of immunogenic cell death‐related genes (IRGs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) remains unclear. We describe the variation of IRGs and assess the expression patterns in EC samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus cohorts. Based on the expression of 34 IRGs, we identified two different ICD‐related clusters and subsequently differentially expressed genes between the two ICD‐related clusters were used for the identification of two ICD gene clusters. We identified the clusters and found that alterations in the multilayer IRG were associated with patient prognosis and TME cell infiltration characteristics. On this basis, ICD score risk scores were calculated, and ICD signatures were constructed and validated for their predictive power in EC patients. To help clinicians better apply the ICD signature, an accurate nomogram was constructed. The low ICD risk group was characterized by high microsatellite instability, high tumor mutational load, high IPS score and stronger immune activation. Our comprehensive analysis of IRGs in EC patients suggested a potential role in the tumor immune interstitial microenvironment, clinicopathological features and prognosis. These findings may improve our understanding of the role of ICDs, and provide a new basis for assessing prognosis and developing more effective immunotherapeutic strategies in EC.
Mendelian randomization analysis suggests no associations of herpes simplex virus infections with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Chang Min‐Jing , Liu Meng‐Ting , Chen Miao‐Ran , Li Nan , Zhao Yu‐Hui , Zhang Sheng‐Xiao , He Pei‐Feng , Yu Qi
Published: March 2023

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) characterized by immune dysfunction is possibly more vulnerable to herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. The infection has been intensively considered a common onset and exacerbation of SLE. This study is aimed at elucidating the causal association between SLE and HSV. A bidirectional two‐sample Mendelian Randomization (TSMR) analysis was systematically conducted to explore the causal effect of SLE and HSV on each other. The causality was estimated by inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR‐Egger and weighted median methods based on the summary‐level genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) data from a publicly available database. Genetically proxied HSV infection exhibited no causal association with SLE in the forward MR analysis using IVW method (odds ratio [OR] = 0.987; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.891–1.093; p = 0.798), nor did HSV‐1 IgG (OR = 1.241; 95% CI: 0.874–1.762; p = 0.227) and HSV‐2 IgG (OR = 0.934; 95% CI: 0.821–1.062; p = 0.297). Similar null results with HSV infection (OR = 1.021; 95% CI: 0.986–1.057; p = 0.245), HSV‐1 IgG (OR = 1.003; 95% CI: 0.982–1.024; p = 0.788) and HSV‐2 IgG (OR = 1.034; 95% CI: 0.991–1.080; p = 0.121) were observed in the reverse MR where SLE served as the exposure. Our study demonstrated no causal association between the genetically predicted HSV and SLE.
Social interactions in trauma disclosure: A multi‐informant and multiconstruct investigation
Authors: Ennis Naomi , Wagner Anne C. , Hart Tae L. , Monson Candice M.
Published: March 2023

Research has established that social factors are integral to trauma recovery. Yet, there is relatively little data on the association between social interactions from different supports and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Moreover, few studies have measured these factors from multiple informants. This paper examined social interactions from different sources (i.e., negative and positive reactions from a chosen close other [CO], family/friends, and general non‐COs) and their association with PTSD symptoms using multi‐informant reports of the social constructs (i.e., from the individual exposed to trauma [TI] and their CO). Participants (N = 104 dyads) were recruited from an urban center within 6 months of the TIs’ exposure to a traumatic event. TIs were assessed using the Clinician‐Administered PTSD Scale. TI self‐report, t(97) = 2.58, p = .012, and CO collateral report of disapproval from family/friends, t(97) = 2.14, p = .035, and TI self‐report of general disapproval, t(97) = 4.91, p < .001, emerged as significant predictors of PTSD symptoms when compared with other social constructs. Interventions that target family members’ and friends’ reactions to trauma survivors and societal discourse around trauma and reactions to trauma survivors are recommended. Clinical interventions that buffer against TIs’ experiences of disapproval and guide COs on the provision of supportive responses are discussed.
Could We Consider Ultrasound‐Guided Minimally Invasive Autopsy as a Part of POCUS?
Authors: Casado‐Suela Miguel Angel , Cuevas‐Tascón Guillermo , Cabezas Quintario María Antonia , Duffort‐Falco Mercedes , Vela de la Cruz Laura , Burdaspall‐Moratilla Ana , Torres‐Macho Juan , Gimeno Aranguez Margarita , Bernal Jorquera Javier , Muñoz‐Rodriguez Jorge
Published: March 2023

We present a 3‐patient case series that support the use of ultrasound guided minimally invasive autopsy (MIA). This technique has a high diagnostic accuracy in specific clinical settings. It makes easier to diagnose pathologies once the patient has died, avoiding body deformation, with a notable reduction in sample processing time compared to the open autopsy study and, therefore, a shorter overall diagnostic response time. MIA shows some similarities with point of care ultrasound (POCUS), like examination protocols or that they can be performed at the bedside.
The Value of Ultrasound for Differentiating Trichilemmal Cysts From Epidermoid Cysts
Authors: Ren Wei‐Wei , Wu Ling , Wang Qiao , Shan Dan‐Dan , Wang Li‐Fan , Chen Zi‐Tong , Li Liang , Sun Li‐Ping , Guo Le‐Hang , Xu Hui‐Xiong
Published: March 2023

Objectives

This study was aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of ultrasound (US) in differentiating trichilemmal cysts (TCs) from epidermoid cysts (ECs).

Methods

Based on clinical and ultrasound features, a prediction model was established and validated. 164 cysts in the pilot cohort and another 69 in the validation cohort diagnosed with TCs or ECs histopathologically were evaluated. The same radiologist performed all ultrasound examinations.

Results

For clinic features, TCs tended to occur in females compared with ECs (66.7 vs 28.5%; P < .001). In addition, TCs were prone to occur in the hairy area compared with ECs (77.8 vs 13.1%; P < .001). For ultrasound features, the internal hyperechogenicity and cystic change were more likely to appear in TCs in comparison with ECs (92.6 vs 25.5%; P < .001; 70.4 vs 23.4%; P < .001, respectively). Upon the features mentioned above, a prediction model was established with the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.936 and 0.864 in the pilot and validation cohorts, respectively.

Conclusions

US is promising for differentiating TCs from ECs and is valuable for their clinical management.
Zwitterionic Polymer Brushes and Core‐Shell Particles Based thereon for Control of Biofouling
Authors: Kopsch Fabian , Drechsler Astrid , Priebs Martina , Caspari Anja , Müller Anett , Lentz Sarah , Friedrichs Jens , Synytska Alla
Published: March 2023

Biofilm formation on material surfaces – biofouling – has a significant economic impact on a wide range of applications and industries. There is a huge need for the prevention of undesired interactions of coatings with proteins, cells, and bacteria in biomaterials, biosensors, and other applications. In this work, the preparation and characterization as well as the comparison of bio‐fouling properties of surfaces based on planar zwitterionic polymer brushes made of poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) P(SBMA‐3), poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate) P(CBMA‐2), or poly(2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) P(MPC‐2) are reported. Since polymer brushes on planar surfaces have disadvantages with regard to layer stability, industrial scaling, and the coating of complex geometries, nano‐ and microstructured coatings based on polymer‐functionalized core‐shell particles are subsequently produced. It is found that coatings based on poly(phosphorylcholine) P(MPC‐2) modified particles with a diameter of 100 nm have the lowest bioadhesion compared to other particle sizes and chemical compositions. The particle‐based coatings developed can pave the way for developing scalable anti‐fouling coatings in the future.
Retailers' information disclosure strategies with behavior‐based pricing in competitive supply chains
Authors: Ma Peng , Lu Yujia , Wang Haiyan , Wen Danping
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we investigate information disclosure strategies with behavior‐based pricing (BBP) of retailers in a competitive channel with consumers' valuation uncertainty. We analyze the impacts of disclosure strategies (i.e., disclosing by an individual retailer and disclosing by both retailers) with BBP on the pricing decisions and profits of supply chain members. Then, we investigate the effects of the probability of a high valuation on supply chain members. We find that (i) the profits of manufacturers and retailers with BBP and information disclosure are always higher than those with BBP; (ii) the profits of manufacturers and retailers when both retailers implement BBP and use information disclosure are always higher than those when one retailer implements BBP and uses information disclosure; and (iii) the profits of manufacturers and retailers decrease with the probability of a high valuation first and then increase with it when both retailers implement BBP and use information disclosure.
Developmental and regional dependence of macromolecular proton fraction and fractional anisotropy in fixed brain tissue
Authors: Drobyshevsky Alexander , Synowiec Sylvia , Goussakov Ivan , Yarnykh Vasily
Published: March 2023

An important advantage of imaging fixed tissue is a gain in signal‐to‐noise ratio and in resolution due to unlimited scan time. However, the fidelity of quantitative MRI parameters in fixed brain tissue, particularly in developmental settings, requires validation. Macromolecular proton fraction (MPF) and fractional anisotropy (FA) indices are quantitative markers of myelination and axonal integrity relevant to preclinical and clinical research. The goal of this study was to assert the correspondence of MR‐derived markers of brain development MPF and FA between in vivo and fixed tissue measures. MPF and FA were compared in several white and gray matter structures of the normal mouse brain at 2, 4, and 12 weeks of age. At each developmental stage, in vivo imaging was performed, followed by paraformaldehyde fixation and a second imaging session. MPF maps were acquired from three source images (magnetization transfer weighted, proton density weighted, and T1 weighted), and FA was obtained from diffusion tensor imaging. The MPF and FA values, measured in the cortex, striatum, and major fiber tracts, were compared before and after fixation using Bland–Altman plots, regression analysis, and analysis of variance. MPF values of the fixed tissue were consistently greater than those from in vivo measurements. Importantly, this bias varied significantly with brain region and the developmental stage of the tissue. At the same time, FA values were preserved after fixation, across tissue types and developmental stages. The results of this study suggest that MPF and FA in fixed brain tissue can be used as a proxy for in vivo measurements, but additional considerations should be made to correct for the bias in MPF.
A preliminary evaluation of positive self‐review as an oral reading fluency intervention
Authors: Wu Shengtian , Gadke Daniel L.
Published: March 2023

Video self‐modeling (VSM) has been used to improve the social behaviors of students from diverse backgrounds. However, its application to reading fluency is still in the preliminary stage. VSM can be divided into feedforward VSM (FFVSM) and positive self‐review (PSR). Previous studies examined the effect of stand‐alone FFVSM and its effect when adding it to intervention packages or repeated reading (RR). However, no study has examined the effect of PSR on improving reading fluency. Following a baseline phase, an alternating treatments design compared the control, PSR, RR, and PSR + RR conditions. The comparisons evaluated the stand‐alone effect of PSR and the effect of PSR as an intervention component when added to RR. The extended analysis and follow‐up phase validated the most effective intervention identified in the alternating treatments phase for each participant and evaluated the long‐term effect of the most effective interventions. Based on visual analysis and two effect size measurements (Nonoverlaps of All Pairs and Tau‐U), PSR was found to be effective for only one of three elementary school students with disabilities. Moreover, RR was more effective than the stand‐alone PSR for the participants. Practical implications, limitations, and future studies are discussed.
Nussbaum‐based robust adaptive control for nonlinear switching systems with switching unknown control coefficients
Authors: Tang Liqiang , Yang Yongliang , Chen Xianzhong , Li Qing
Published: March 2023

This paper develops a robust adaptive dynamic surface control (DSC) design approach for switching strict feedback nonlinear systems with multiple switching control gains and unknown control directions. To capture the multiple unknown control directions, we design multiple Nussbaum‐type gains for every subsystem. Based on this Nussbaum‐type gain design, we construct a common Lyapunov function for all subsystems via backstepping technique, which can ensure the system stability under the existence of random switches. Meanwhile, the problem of multiple switching control gains is resolved by this means. To obviate repeated differentiation and decrease computation complexity, the dynamic surface control technique is introduced. Finally, two simulation examples are provided to validate the effectiveness of the developed method.
When Super‐Resolution Microscopy Meets Microfluidics: Enhanced Biological Imaging and Analysis with Unprecedented Resolution
Authors: Yang Wei , Hou Lei , Luo Chunxiong
Published: March 2023

Super‐resolution microscopy is rapidly developed in recent years, allowing biologists to extract more quantitative information on subcellular processes in live cells that is usually not accessible with conventional techniques. However, super‐resolution imaging is not fully exploited because of the lack of an appropriate and multifunctional experimental platform. As an important tool in life sciences, microfluidics is capable of cell manipulation and the regulation of the cellular environment because of its superior flexibility and biocompatibility. The combination of microfluidics and super‐resolution microscopy revolutionizes the study of complex cellular properties and dynamics, providing valuable insights into cellular structure and biological functions at the single‐molecule level. In this perspective, an overview of the main advantages of microfluidic technology that are essential to the performance of super‐resolution microscopy are offered. The main benefits of performing super‐resolution imaging with microfluidic devices are highlighted and perspectives on the diverse applications that are facilitated by combining these two powerful techniques are provided.
Perovskite‐Nanocrystal‐Doped Cellulose Nanocrystal Ligands for Electrospun Nanofibers with Excellent Stability
Authors: Chen Wei‐Cheng , Chen Lung‐Chih , Liu Fu‐Jie , Tsai Wei‐Chen , Tung Bo‐Han , Venkatesan Manikandan , Tsai Meng‐Lin , Lin Ja‐Hon , Kuo Chi‐Ching
Published: March 2023

Because of their exceptional physical and thermal properties, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are a highly promising bio‐based material for reinforcing fillers. Studies have revealed that some functional groups from CNCs can be used as a capping ligand to coordinate with metal nanoparticles or semiconductor quantum dots during the fabrication of novel complex materials. Therefore, through CNCs ligand encapsulation and electrospinning, perovskite‐NC‐embedded nanofibers with exceptional optical and thermal stability are demonstrated. The results indicate that, after continuous irradiation or heat cycling, the relative photoluminescence (PL) emission intensity of the CNCs‐capped perovskite‐NC‐embedded nanofibers is maintained at ≈90%. However, the relative PL emission intensity of both ligand‐free and long‐alkyl‐ligand‐doped perovskite‐NC‐embedded nanofibers decrease to almost 0%. These results are attributable to the formation of specific clusters of perovskite NCs along with the CNCs structure and thermal property improvement of polymers. CNCs‐doped luminous complex materials offer a promising avenue for stability‐demanding optoelectronic devices and other novel optical applications.
Molecular phylogenetic assessment of three major taxa in the Asplenium scolopendrium complex (Aspleniaceae)
Authors: Heo Namjoo , Yun Seona , Fernando Danilo D.
Published: March 2023

Taxonomic ambiguities of the Asplenium scolopendrium complex arise from multiple synonyms and reclassifications, subtle phenotypic variations, and a lack of information on phylogenetic relationships. This study thus aimed to resolve this taxonomic uncertainty and provide insight into identifying evolutionarily significant units (ESUs). We first utilized genomic approaches to resolve the phylogenetic position of the East Asian taxon, A. komarovii, which is currently treated as a separate species. Phylogenetic trees based on whole plastomes suggested that A. komarovii is a variant of A. scolopendrium most closely related to A. scolopendrium var. americanum, with A. scolopendrium var. scolopendrium as the sister to these in the clade. This three‐lineage relationship was also validated with the nuclear marker gapCp and newly developed infraspecific plastid markers. Asplenium komarovii should therefore be subsumed into A. scolopendrium, rather than remaining a distinct species. In addition, our phylogenetic analyses further revealed that A. scolopendrium var. americanum consisted of subclades with potential to be treated as distinct ESUs. Our results also grouped a newly discovered population from New Mexico (U.S.A.) as a member of A. scolopendrium var. americanum and identified a genetically admixed population in New York (U.S.A.) containing putative hybrids. Well‐defined taxonomy and ESUs can greatly improve the implementation of tailored conservation actions by adequately reflecting the underlying evolutionary potentials of the A. scolopendrium complex.
Relationships between undergraduate instructors' conceptions of how students learn and their instructional practices
Authors: Idsardi Robert C. , Luft Julie A. , Wingfield Jenna L. , Whitt Blake , Barriga Paola A. , Lang Jason D.
Published: March 2023

Supporting changes in undergraduate science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) instruction requires an understanding of the relationship between STEM instructors' conceptions and practices. In this study, the authors used the Teacher‐Centered Systematic Reform (TCSR) model as a framework to understand how instructors' conceptions are related to their instructional practices. This multiple methods study included interviews and classroom observations of 22 STEM instructors. We used qualitative methods to describe instructors' conceptions of how students learn and quantitative methods, including a hierarchical cluster analysis, to analyze the types of relationships that exist between their conceptions and practices. Results indicated instructors had a wide range of conceptions that exist along a continuum from teacher‐centered to student‐centered. While many faculty members perceived student‐centered practices as valuable, they conceptualized these practices in different ways. Instructors implemented a wide range of instructional practices, and these practices varied independently of conceptions. We identified three distinct clusters of participants based on the relationships between instructors' conceptions and practices: congruent lecturers, congruent active learning facilitators, and incongruent lecturers. In the first two clusters, instructors' conceptions were aligned with their instructional practices. However, incongruent lecturers thought that students learn through active learning approaches but primarily lectured in their courses. Instructors in this group described several personal and contextual factors that influenced the relationship between their conceptions and practices. The results include an in‐depth portrayal of one participant in each cluster. We found that student‐centered conceptions may be necessary but are not sufficient for instructors to implement active learning. Implications focus on instructional and institutional change efforts. To promote instructional change most effectively, it is important to address each component of the TCSR model, including personal and contextual factors. A focus on conceptions and practices alone may not sufficiently support faculty members in overcoming barriers that limit active learning instruction.
IGTCM: An integrative genome database of traditional Chinese medicine plants
Authors: Ye Yuan‐Nong , Liang Ding‐Fa , Yi Jia‐Hao , Jin Shuai , Zeng Zhu
Published: March 2023

Fully understanding traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) is still challenging because of the extreme complexity of their chemical components and mechanisms of action. The TCM Plant Genome Project aimed to obtain genetic information, determine gene functions, discover regulatory networks of herbal species, and elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in the disease prevention and treatment, thereby accelerating the modernization of TCMs. A comprehensive database that contains TCM‐related information will provide a vital resource. Here, we present an integrative genome database of TCM plants (IGTCM) that contains 14,711,220 records of 83 annotated TCM‐related herb genomes, including 3,610,350 genes, 3,534,314 proteins and corresponding coding sequences, and 4,032,242 RNAs, as well as 1033 non‐redundant component records for 68 herbs, downloaded and integrated from the GenBank and RefSeq databases. For minimal interconnectivity, each gene, protein, and component was annotated using the eggNOG‐mapper tool and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database to acquire pathway information and enzyme classifications. These features can be linked across several species and different components. The IGTCM database also provides visualization and sequence similarity search tools for data analyses. These annotated herb genome sequences in IGTCM database are a necessary resource for systematically exploring genes related to the biosynthesis of compounds that have significant medicinal activities and excellent agronomic traits that can be used to improve TCM‐related varieties through molecular breeding. It also provides valuable data and tools for future research on drug discovery and the protection and rational use of TCM plant resources. The IGTCM database is freely available at http://yeyn.group:96/.
Approximate Inference in Probabilistic Answer Set Programming for Statistical Probabilities
Authors: Azzolini Damiano , Bellodi Elena , Riguzzi Fabrizio
Published: March 2023

“Type 1” statements were introduced by Halpern in 1990 with the goal to represent statistical information about a domain of interest. These are of the form “x% of the elements share the same property”. The recently proposed language PASTA (Probabilistic Answer set programming for STAtistical probabilities) extends Probabilistic Logic Programs under the Distribution Semantics and allows the definition of this type of statements. To perform exact inference, PASTA programs are converted into probabilistic answer set programs under the Credal Semantics. However, this algorithm is infeasible for scenarios when more than a few random variables are involved. Here, we propose several algorithms to perform both conditional and unconditional approximate inference in PASTA programs and test them on different benchmarks. The results show that approximate algorithms scale to hundreds of variables and thus can manage real world domains.
Moduli stabilization in type IIB orientifolds at h2,1 = 50
Authors: Tsagkaris Konstantinos , Plauschinn Erik
Published: March 2023

Abstract

We study moduli stabilization in Calabi-Yau orientifold compactifications of type IIB string theory with O3- and O7-planes. We consider a Calabi-Yau three-fold with Hodge number h2,1 = 50 and stabilize all axio-dilaton and complex-structure moduli by three-form fluxes. This is a challenging task, especially for large moduli-space dimensions. To address this question we develop an algorithm to generate 105 flux vacua with small flux number Nflux. Based on recent results by Crinò et al. we estimate the bound imposed by the tadpole-cancellation condition as Nflux≤$$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(103), however, the smallest flux number we obtain in our search is of order Nflux = $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(104). This implies, in particular, that for all solutions to the F-term equations in our data set the tadpole conjecture is satisfied.
A Characterisation of Orthomodular Spaces by Sasaki Maps
Authors: Lindenhovius Bert , Vetterlein Thomas
Published: March 2023

Given a Hilbert space H, the set P(H) of one-dimensional subspaces of H becomes an orthoset when equipped with the orthogonality relation ⊥ induced by the inner product on H. Here, an orthoset is a pair (X,⊥) of a set X and a symmetric, irreflexive binary relation ⊥ on X. In this contribution, we investigate what conditions on an orthoset (X,⊥) are sufficient to conclude that the orthoset is isomorphic to (P(H),⊥) for some orthomodular space H, where orthomodular spaces are linear spaces that generalize Hilbert spaces. In order to achieve this goal, we introduce Sasaki maps on orthosets, which are strongly related to Sasaki projections on orthomodular lattices. We show that any orthoset (X,⊥) with sufficiently many Sasaki maps is isomorphic to (P(H),⊥) for some orthomodular space, and we give more conditions on (X,⊥) to assure that H is actually a Hilbert space over $\mathbb R$
ℝ
, $\mathbb C$
ℂ
or $\mathbb H$
ℍ
.
Familienbildung meets Gesundheitsförderung!?
Authors: Lentz-Becker Anja , Bräutigam Barbara , Müller Matthias
Published: March 2023

Hintergrund

Familienbildungsangebote unterstützen nicht nur familiale Interessen, sondern dienen auch der Gesundheitsförderung. Aktuelle Elternforschungen zeigen, dass Eltern durch das breite an sie gerichtete Anforderungsspektrum unter Druck geraten und sich belastet fühlen, was wiederum Auswirkungen auf das gesamte familiale Wohlbefinden haben kann. Um stressassoziierten Erkrankungen im Zusammenhang mit Überforderungserleben entgegenzuwirken, brauchen Eltern, wie alle anderen Familienmitglieder auch, günstige Rahmenbedingungen und Ressourcen.

Ziel

Im Rahmen eines Landesmodellprojekts Fachstelle für Familienbildung – ALFA (Alles ist Familie – Familie ist alles) in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern wurden Potenziale und Mechanismen präventiver Familienbildungsangebote untersucht, welche Eltern in ihren Kompetenzen als auch in der Förderung ihrer Gesundheit unterstützen können.

Methode

In leitfadengestützten Gruppeninterviews wurden Teilnehmer:innen von Familienbildungsangeboten im Übergang zur Elternschaft befragt. Die Datenanalyse und Theoriebildung erfolgte nach der Grounded-theory-Methodik, um so Wirkungszusammenhänge tiefergehender zu verstehen.

Ergebnisse

Familienbildungsangebote stärken Er- und Beziehungskompetenzen auf Eltern-Kind-Ebene und fördern ein breites Spektrum an psychischen und sozialen Ressourcen. Familienbildung wirkt präventiv und fördert darüber hinaus salutogenetische Dynamiken durch Anregung psychosozialer Regulationsprozesse. Die von den Nutzer:innen erlernten Fähigkeiten und psychosozialen Ressourcen sind sowohl für die Herstellung eines gelingenden Familienalltages sowie zur Förderung individueller und familialer Gesundheit relevant.

Schlussfolgerung

Die empirischen Ergebnisse unterstreichen, dass es sinnvoll ist, Angebote zur Familienbildung und psychosozialer Gesundheitsförderung trägerübergreifend zu gestalten, da beide Bereiche sich auf die Förderung elterlicher Ressourcen und Gesundheitskompetenzen beziehen. Dabei sind Wirkweisen, Schnittmengen sowie Abgrenzungen in der Gestaltung gesundheits- und familienbezogener Präventionsangebote tiefergehend zu untersuchen.
Robot-assisted general surgery is safe during the learning curve: a 5-year Australian experience
Authors: Nann Silas , Rana Abdul , Karatassas Alex , Eteuati Jimmy , Tonkin Darren , McDonald Christopher
Published: March 2023

Robot-assisted general surgery has become increasingly common in the Australian public sector since 2003. It provides significant technical advantages compared to laparoscopic surgery. Currently, it is estimated that the learning curve for surgeons starting off with robotic surgery is complete after 15 cases. This is a retrospective case series, following the progress of four surgeons with minimal robotic experience over 5 years. Patients undergoing colorectal procedures and hernia repairs were included. 303 robotic cases were included in this study, 193 colorectal surgeries and 110 hernia repairs. 20.2% of colorectal patients experienced an adverse event and 10.0% of hernia patients had a complication. The learning curve was correlated to the average docking time, and it was found that this was complete after 2 years, or after a minimum of 12 to 15 cases. Patient length of stay decreases as surgeon experience increases. Robotic surgery is a safe approach to colorectal surgery and hernia repairs with some potential benefits in terms of patient outcomes as surgeon experience increases.
Mercury and artisanal and small-scale gold mining: Review of global use estimates and considerations for promoting mercury-free alternatives
Authors: Keane Susan , Bernaudat Ludovic , Davis Kenneth J. , Stylo Malgorzata , Mutemeri Nellia , Singo Patience , Twala Pontsho , Mutemeri Itai , Nakafeero Anne , Etui Imelda Dossou
Published: March 2023

Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) is present in over 80 countries, employing about 15 million miners and serving as source of livelihood for millions more. The sector is estimated to be the largest emitter of mercury globally. The Minamata Convention on Mercury seeks to reduce and, where feasible, eliminate mercury use in the ASGM. However, the total quantity of mercury used in ASGM globally is still highly uncertain, and the adoption of mercury-free technologies has been limited. This paper presents an overview of new data, derived from Minamata ASGM National Action Plan submissions, that can contribute to refining estimates of mercury use in ASGM, and then assesses technologies that can support the phase out mercury use in ASGM while increasing gold recovery. The paper concludes with a discussion of social and economic barriers to adoption of these technologies, illustrated by a case study from Uganda.
Radiological and surgical aspects of polymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young (PLNTY)
Authors: Armocida Daniele , Berra Luigi Valentino , Frati Alessandro , Santoro Antonio
Published: March 2023

Background

Polymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young (PLNTY) is a low-grade epilepsy-associated tumor recently introduced in WHO 2021 classification. Since it has been recognized as an independent nosological entity, PLNTY has been mainly studied from a genetic and molecular perspective, not recognizing unique characteristic clinical and radiological features.

Methods

A systematic literature research has been conducted aiming to identify all relevant studies about the radiological, clinical and surgical features of PLNTY. We described a representative case of a 45-year-old man treated with awake-surgery with confirmed diagnosis of PLNTY, reporting the radiological and surgical characteristics through imaging and intra-operative video. We performed a statistical meta-analysis attempting to assess the presence of relationships between surgical and radiologic tumor characteristics and clinical outcome and type of surgery.

Results

A total of 16 studies were included in the systematic review. The final cohort was composed of 51 patients. Extent of resection (EOR) and outcome are not significantly associated with the different genetic profiling (p = 1), the presence of cystic intralesional component, calcification (p = 0.85), contrast-enhancing and lesion boundaries (p = 0.82). No significant correlation there is between EOR and remission or better control of epilepsy-related symptoms (p = 0.38). The contrast enhancement in the tumor is significantly associated with recurrence or poor control of epileptic symptoms (p = 0.07).

Conclusions

In PLNTYs, contrast enhancement seems to impact prognosis, recurrence, and seizure control much more than radiological features, genetic features and type of resection of the tumor.
Selective quantum ensemble learning inspired by improved AdaBoost based on local sample information
Authors: Niu Xufeng , Ma Wenping
Published: March 2023

In ensemble learning, random subspace technology not only easily loses some important features but also easily produces some redundant subspaces, inevitably leading to the decline of ensemble learning performance. In order to overcome the shortcomings, we propose a new selective quantum ensemble learning model inspired by improved AdaBoost based on local sample information (SELA). Firstly, SELA combines information entropy and random subspace to ensure that the important features of the classification task in each subspace are preserved. Then, we select the base classifier that can balance accuracy and diversity among a group of base classifiers generated based on local AdaBoost in each iteration. Finally, we utilize the quantum genetic algorithm to search optimal weights for base learners in the label prediction process. We use UCI datasets to analyze the impact of important parameters in SELA on classification performance and verify that SELA is usually superior to other competitive algorithms.
A co-evolutionary algorithm with elite archive strategy for generating diverse high-quality satellite range schedules
Authors: Xiong Minghui , Xiong Wei , Liu Zheng
Published: March 2023

Satellite range scheduling, a multi-constrained combinatorial optimization problem, is crucial to guaranteeing the normal operation and application of onboard satellites. Traditional methods are dedicated to finding one optimal schedule, having ignored the problem may process multiple high-quality schedules. To provide a set of alternative schedules while maintaining the solution quality, we propose a co-evolutionary algorithm with elite archive strategy (COEAS) in this article. In COEAS, two populations are evolved to solve the original and relaxed problem in terms of schedule quality and diversity, respectively. During the evolution, the populations maintain a weak cooperation and only share the information in offspring combination phase. Further, an elite archive strategy is derived to identify and preserve potential stagnated and optimal individuals. In this strategy, the promising individuals would further participate in parent mating and offspring replacement for the dual purpose of maintaining potential optima recovery and fine-tuning the population. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is better than comparison algorithms in terms of efficacy (obtaining higher quality schedule), diversity (locating more optimal schedules) and flexibility (providing better alternatives).
Effects of stabilizer magnesium nirate on CMIT/MIT-induced respiratory toxicity
Authors: Song Mi-Kyung , Baek Yong-Wook , Kim Dong Im , Yoon Sung-Hoon , Lee Kyuhong
Published: March 2023

Despite a humidifier disinfectant (HD) product containing chloromethylisothiazolinone (CMIT) and methylisothiazolinone (MIT) with approximately 22% magnesium nitrate as a stabilizer, no report on the effects of magnesium nitrate on the respiratory toxicity of CMIT/MIT is available. In this study, Kathon CG and Proclin 200, containing approximately 1.5% CMIT/MIT with different magnesium nitrate concentrations (22.6% and 3%, respectively), were used to compare respiratory effects after intratracheal instillation (ITI) in C57BL/6 mice. C57BL/6 mice were randomized into groups of saline control, magnesium nitrate, Kathon CG, and Proclin 200 with 1.14 mg/kg of CMIT/MIT as the active ingredient, and administration was performed 6 times in a 2–3 day-interval in 2 weeks in all groups. Differential cell count analysis, cytokine analysis, and histological analysis of lung tissue were performed to characterize the injury features. Both Kathon and Proclin 200 induced an increase in inflammatory cell levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, in particular, eosinophils and type 2 T helper cell (Th2)-secreted cytokines. All histopathological changes including granulomatous inflammation, mixed inflammatory cell infiltration, mucous cell hyperplasia, eosinophil infiltration, and pulmonary fibrosis were induced with similar frequency and severity in Kathon CG and Proclin 200 groups. Our results suggested that magnesium nitrate did not affect CMIT/MIT-induced lung injury in the intratracheally instilled model. Further inhalation studies are needed to determine the distribution and toxicity differences of CMIT/MIT in the lungs according to the magnesium nitrate concentration.
A Student's Guide to the Navier-Stokes Equations
Authors: Garvin Justin W.
Published: March 2023

The Navier-Stokes equations describe the motion of fluids and are an invaluable addition to the toolbox of every physicist, applied mathematician, and engineer. The equations arise from applying Newton's laws of motion to a moving fluid and are considered, when used in combination with mass and energy conservation rules, to be the fundamental governing equations of fluid motion. They are relevant across many disciplines, from astrophysics and oceanic sciences to aerospace engineering and materials science. This Student's Guide provides a clear and focused presentation of the derivation, significance and applications of the Navier-Stokes equations, along with the associated continuity and energy equations. Designed as a useful supplementary resource for undergraduate and graduate students, each chapter concludes with a selection of exercises intended to reinforce and extend important concepts. Video podcasts demonstrating the solutions in full are provided online, along with written solutions and other additional resources.
The Collapse of Nationalist China
Authors: Coble Parks M.
Published: March 2023

When World War II ended Chiang Kai-shek seemed at the height of his power-the leader of Nationalist China, one of the victorious Allied Powers in 1945 and with the financial backing of the US. Yet less than four years later, he lost the China's civil war against the communists. Offering an insightful chronological treatment of the years 1944–1949, Parks Coble addresses why Chiang was unable to win the war and control hyperinflation. Using newly available archival sources, he reveals the critical weakness of Chiang's style of governing, the fundamental structural flaws in the Nationalist government, bitter personal rivalries and Chiang's personal lack of interest in finance. This major work of revisionist scholarship will engage all those interested in the shaping of twentieth-century history.
The Pursuit of High Culture
Authors: Bashford Christina
Published: March 2023

This monograph investigates the promotion and consumption of high musical culture among leisured society in Victorian London, by focusing on the activities of the concert manager John Ella and his Musical Union.