bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and analysis of an LCL circuit‐based three‐phase grid‐connected inverter
Authors: Liu Jinhong , Zhou Lin , Yu Xirui , Li Bin , Zheng Chen
Published: October 2016

Owing to the inherent characteristics of grid‐side inverters, a minimum dc‐side voltage limit usually exists in grid‐connected inverters. To solve this problem, this study proposes a convenient method of designing a novel LCL circuit for a grid‐connected inverter, based on an LCL filter. The primary goal is to reduce the minimum dc‐side voltage limit, while maintaining a considerably low harmonic content in the grid‐side current. The design example of a photovoltaic grid‐connected system demonstrates the convenience of the novel LCL circuit design, and the validity and effectiveness of the novel LCL circuit are verified by simulation and experiments.
Antenatally Detected Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformations: The Oxford Experience
Authors: Thakkar Hemanshoo , Durell Jonathan , Chakraborty Subhasis , Tingle Bianca-Lea , Choi Arnwald , Fowler Darren , Gould Steve , Impey Lawrence , Lakhoo Kokila
Published: October 2016

Congenital airway pulmonary malformations are increasingly being diagnosed, but their management continues to remain controversial. Our approach has been to offer surgery to mitigate the risk of infection and possible malignancy. All patients routinely undergo a CT scan of the chest postnatally and once the diagnosis is confirmed, minimal access surgery is offered. Our anesthetists provide single-lung ventilation to enhance the operative view. We conducted a retrospective review over a 10-year period, during which 91 patients were prenatally suspected to have a cystic lung lesion. There were 88 live births of which 29 (33%) cases were initially managed conservatively based on CT findings. Five of these patients, however, became symptomatic needing surgery. A total of 64 (73%) patients underwent surgery with the most common lesions being congenital pulmonary airway malformations (CPAMs) (24), hybrid lesions (19), and pulmonary sequestrations (12). The median age at surgery was 5 months (1 day to 17 months). Using a minimal access approach, 41 (64%) cases were completed with 17 performed open from the onset. Open surgery was indicated in neonates who became symptomatic within the first few weeks of life as well as patients in respiratory distress that would not tolerate either single-lung ventilation or gas insufflation. There were six further conversions to open from minimal access surgery due to poor visualization or technical difficulties. One patient needed a perioperative blood transfusion and one patient had a more prolonged stay due to persistent air leak managed conservatively. Among asymptomatic patients, evidence of microscopic disease was seen, which included infection as well as two cases of tumors, one pleuropulmonary blastoma seen as part of a CPAM, and one rhabdomyomatous dysplasia seen in the CPAM component of a hybrid lesion. In our experience, excising asymptomatic lesions is safe with minimal complications. Single-lung ventilation in combination with thoracoscopy provides excellent vision. There is a risk of infection and a definite, albeit low, risk of malignancy, which may outweigh the benefits of conservative management.
BioRef II—Neutron reflectometry with relaxed resolution for fast, kinetic measurements at HZB
Authors: Trapp M. , Steitz R. , Kreuzer M. , Strobl M. , Rose M. , Dahint R.
Published: October 2016

We present an upgrade to the time-of-flight neutron reflectometer BioRef at the research reactor BER II of the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie (HZB). Through the integration of an additional chopper into the existing setup, the available wavelength resolution is significantly extended. Now two distinct operation modes can be used: a high resolution mode with Δλ/λ ranging from 1% to 5%, which allows for the investigation of thick films up to 4000 Å, and a high flux mode with Δλ/λ = 7%–11%. In the high flux mode, reflectivity curves from 0.007 Å−1 to 0.2 Å−1 with three angular settings can be recorded in 7 min. For a single angular setting and its respective window in Q-space, a time resolution of even less than 4 min is reached. The different configurations are documented by respective measurements (a) on a Ni–Ti multilayer and (b) the swelling kinetics of a solid-supported phospholipid coating upon incubation in a polyelectrolyte solution.
Fatigue damage characteristics of a semisubmersible-type floating offshore wind turbine at tower base
Authors: Wang Kunpeng , Ji Chunyan , Xue Hongxiang , Tang Wenyong
Published: October 2016

Fully coupled analysis of a semisubmersible-type floating offshore wind turbine is carried out for the fatigue damage investigation at tower base by using the code FAST. By combining the axial force and the bending moment, the stress around the circumference can be calculated. This study investigates the effect of second order wave force, wind load, mooring model, and tower elasticity on the stress response at tower base. There are three peaks in the stress amplitude spectrum, corresponding to pitch resonance, wave frequency, and first-order natural mode of the tower, respectively. The first and third peaks are mainly induced by wind load. The effect of the second order wave force and mooring model on the stress seems to be neglectable based on the numerical results. By using the rainflow counting method, the fatigue damage is calculated. The obtained fatigue damage under several environmental conditions indicates that the misalignment and coupling effect of wind and wave loads may significantly affect the total fatigue damage. The wind and wave induced responses are calculated separately (uncoupled method). Next, two superposition methods for fatigue damage calculation are analyzed: fatigue damage superposition and stress superposition. Compared with the fully coupled analysis considering wind and wave together, the former gives lower prediction but the latter seems to provide acceptable results. Finally, considering the long-term wind and wave distribution, the fatigue damage under different environmental conditions is calculated, and the fatigue damage obtained from stress superposition method shows reasonable agreement with that obtained from a fully coupled analysis.
Natural solutal convection in magnetic fluids: First-order phase transition aspect
Authors: Ivanov Aleksey S.
Published: October 2016

Concentration stratification of magnetic fluids under the action of external magnetic field can disturb mechanical equilibrium in the system and cause intensive solutal convection. The current paper is devoted to the study of free solutal convection in magnetic fluids undergoing first-order phase transition. Simulation of solutal convection in OpenFOAM package makes it possible to compare numeric results with physical experiment observations. The numeric simulation of convective hydrodynamic flows was carried out in the framework of several theories of first-order phase transition in ferrocolloids. The numerical results are compared with experimental observations in order to choose the theory which predicts most accurately the concentration stratification in magnetic fluids undergoing magneto-controllable first-order phase transition.
Tuning the magnetic properties and surface morphology of D22 Mn3-δGa films with high perpendicular magnetic anisotropy by N doping
Authors: Lee Hwachol , Sukegawa Hiroaki , Liu Jun , Mitani Seiji , Hono Kazuhiro
Published: October 2016

We report the tunable magnetic properties and the smoothened surface morphology of epitaxial D022 Mn-Ga (Mn3Ga and Mn2.5Ga) films by N doping using reactive sputtering at 480 °C. The 50 nm thick Mn-Ga films grown with the N2/Ar gas flow rate (η) up to 0.66% showed 33%–50% reduction in the saturation magnetization compared to non-doped Mn-Ga. In particular, a single D022 phase was obtained in an optimal η range for Mn2.5Ga, resulted in the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy energy density of ∼1 MJ/m3 with 33% reduction in magnetization. Furthermore, the introduction of N provided the smoothened surface morphology at 50 nm thickness despite its high growth temperature, which is advantageous for thin film device applications.
Perspective: Quantum mechanical methods in biochemistry and biophysics
Authors: Cui Qiang
Published: October 2016

In this perspective article, I discuss several research topics relevant to quantum mechanical (QM) methods in biophysical and biochemical applications. Due to the immense complexity of biological problems, the key is to develop methods that are able to strike the proper balance of computational efficiency and accuracy for the problem of interest. Therefore, in addition to the development of novel ab initio and density functional theory based QM methods for the study of reactive events that involve complex motifs such as transition metal clusters in metalloenzymes, it is equally important to develop inexpensive QM methods and advanced classical or quantal force fields to describe different physicochemical properties of biomolecules and their behaviors in complex environments. Maintaining a solid connection of these more approximate methods with rigorous QM methods is essential to their transferability and robustness. Comparison to diverse experimental observables helps validate computational models and mechanistic hypotheses as well as driving further development of computational methodologies.
Room-temperature electroluminescence from two-dimensional lead halide perovskites
Authors: Li Renzhi , Yi Chang , Ge Rui , Zou Wei , Cheng Lu , Wang Nana , Wang Jianpu , Huang Wei
Published: October 2016

Room-temperature electroluminescence (EL) is demonstrated from a light-emitting diode (LED) based on two-dimensional lead halide perovskites, (C6H5NH3)2PbI4. The device has a multilayer structure of ITO/Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(styrenesulfonate)/(C6H5CH2NH3)2PbI4/Bathophenanthroline/Al. The EL emission peaks at 526 nm with a narrow full width at half maximum of 15 nm, which origins from perovskite exciton emission. The LED device exhibits a maximum luminance of ∼9 cd m−2 at a bias of 5 V.
Dielectric characterization of multiferroic magnetoelectric double-perovskite Y(Ni0.5Mn0.5)O3 thin films
Authors: Coy L. E. , Fina I. , Ventura J. , Yate L. , Langenberg E. , Polo M. C. , Ferrater C. , Varela M.
Published: October 2016

We report on the functional properties of the Y(Ni0.5Mn0.5)O3 epitaxial thin films, growth by pulsed laser deposition, observing the clear features of their ferroelectric and ferromagnetic nature at cryogenic temperature. The characterization of temperature-dependent complex impedance spectroscopy has shown a dielectric anomaly around the ferromagnetic Curie temperature (≈100 K) indicative of coupling between magnetic and electric orders.
Enhanced water droplet mobility on superhydrophobic rippled nanoshell array
Authors: Im Hwon , Ji Seungmuk , Moon Dong-Il , Lim Hyuneui , Choi Yang-Kyu
Published: October 2016

A 3-dimensional rippled nanoshell structure (a hollow pillar with wriggly sidewall morphology) is demonstrated for superhydrophobicity. As a control group, a straight nanoshell structure without a rippled shape was also prepared. The rippled structure showed improved superhydrophobicity with a large contact angle and a small sliding angle compared to the straight nanoshell structure. These enhancements originate from the minimum of interfacial energy at the triple-phase contact line, which is located at the most protruded circular line along the rippled structure. Using a drop impingement test, the stabilization of a Cassie Baxter state on the rippled structure was also verified. The experimental observation of wetting transition from a Cassie-Baxter to a Wenzel state is well explained by a revamped capillary pressure model, which was customized for the rippled structure.
Research Update: Nanoscale surface potential analysis of MoS2
field-effect transistors for biomolecular detection using Kelvin probe force
microscopy
Authors: Kim Min Hyung , Park Heekyeong , Lee Hyungbeen , Nam Kihwan , Jeong Seokhwan , Omkaram Inturu , Yoon Dae Sung , Lee Sei Young , Kim Sunkook , Lee Sang Woo
Published: October 2016

We used high-resolution Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) to investigate the immobilization of a prostate specific antigen (PSA) antibody by measuring the surface potential (SP) on a MoS2 surface over an extensive concentration range (1 pg/ml–100 μg/ml). After PSA antibody immobilization, we demonstrated that the SP on the MoS2 surface characterized by KPFM strongly correlated to the electrical signal of a MoS2 bioFET. This demonstration can not only be used to optimize the immobilization conditions for captured molecules, but can also be applied as a diagnostic tool to complement the electrical detection of a MoS2 FET biosensor.
Demagnetization effects in dense nanoparticle assemblies
Authors: Normile P. S. , Andersson M. S. , Mathieu R. , Lee S. S. , Singh G. , De Toro J. A.
Published: October 2016

We highlight the relevance of demagnetizing-field corrections in the characterization of dense magnetic nanoparticle assemblies. By an analysis that employs in-plane and out-of-plane magnetometry on cylindrical assemblies, we demonstrate the suitability of a simple analytical formula-based correction method. This allows us to identify artifacts of the demagnetizing field in temperature-dependent susceptibility curves (e.g., shoulder peaks in curves from a disordered assembly of essentially bare magnetic nanoparticles). The same analysis approach is shown to be a straightforward procedure for determining the magnetic nanoparticle packing fraction in dense, disordered assemblies.
Continuous micron-scaled rope engineering using a rotating multi-nozzle electrospinning emitter
Authors: Zhang Chunchen , Gao Chengcheng , Chang Ming-Wei , Ahmad Zeeshan , Li Jing-Song
Published: October 2016

Electrospinning (ES) enables simple production of fibers for broad applications (e.g., biomedical engineering, energy storage, and electronics). However, resulting structures are predominantly random; displaying significant disordered fiber entanglement, which inevitably gives rise to structural variations and reproducibility on the micron scale. Surface and structural features on this scale are critical for biomaterials, tissue engineering, and pharmaceutical sciences. In this letter, a modified ES technique using a rotating multi-nozzle emitter is developed and utilized to fabricate continuous micron-scaled polycaprolactone (PCL) ropes, providing control on fiber intercalation (twist) and structural order. Micron-scaled ropes comprising 312 twists per millimeter are generated, and rope diameter and pitch length are regulated using polymer concentration and process parameters. Electric field simulations confirm vector and distribution mechanisms, which influence fiber orientation and deposition during the process. The modified fabrication system provides much needed control on reproducibility and fiber entanglement which is crucial for electrospun biomedical materials.
Adaptation to and recovery from drought stress at vegetative stages in wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars
Authors: Abid Muhammad , Tian Zhongwei , Ata-Ul-Karim Syed Tahir , Wang Feng , Liu Yang , Zahoor Rizwan , Jiang Dong , Dai Tingbo
Published: October 2016

Studying plants’ capability to adapt and recover from drought stress is essential because of the ever-changing nature of drought events. To evaluate the genotypically variable morpho-physiological adaptations to drought stress and recovery after re-watering, two wheat cultivars (Luhan-7 and Yangmai-16) were pot-cultured under three levels of water stress: severe (35–40% field capacity, FC) and moderate water deficits (55–60% FC) and well-watered conditions. Drought stress was applied at tillering (Feekes 2 stage) and jointing (Feekes 6 stage), respectively, followed by re-watering, and we observed changes in leaf characteristics, growth and physiological activities during water stress and rewatering periods as well as final grain yield traits at maturity. Results showed that drought stress adaptability associated with reduced leaf area, higher leaf thickness, chlorophyll, leaf dry matter and maintenance of leaf water potential were more strongly pronounced in Luhan-7 than in Yangmai-16. Under moderate stress both cultivars exhibited a small decrease in leaf gas-exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence activities, followed by rapid recovery. Under severe drought stress, Yangmai-16 displayed relatively less adaptability to drought, with a slower recovery after re-watering and a greater decrease in grain yield. It was concluded that even though crop growth rate completely recovered after re-watering, the final dry matter and grain yield outcomes were affected by pre-drought stress, and were dependant on the drought intensity, adaptability and recovery differences of the cultivars and growth stage. It was also concluded that genotypic variations in adaptability and recovery from drought stress are the indicators of drought tolerance and grain yield sustainability in wheat.
Does on‐site chaplaincy enhance the health and well being of fly‐in, fly‐out (FIFO) personnel?
Authors: Ebert Angela , Strehlow Karin
Published: October 2016

Issue addressed

The fly‐in, fly‐out (FIFO) work style has been linked to mental‐health and interpersonal issues and a need for strategies that maintain a healthy workforce. This study investigated whether 24/7 on‐site chaplains deliver a service that promotes the health and well being of FIFO personnel.

Methods

A phenomenological approach was used to explore the perceptions of FIFO personnel working in different roles and organisational sections on a remote mine site in Western Australia. Multi‐pronged strategies recruited 29 participants who represented management, supervisors, workers and support staff. Participants took part in semistructured interviews conducted either one‐on‐one or in pairs.

Results

Chaplains were described as making a valuable contribution to the physical and mental health of FIFO personnel. Specific aspects of the service such as active outreach, effective trust building and the on‐site availability were identified as central to the service being accessed and overcoming barriers embedded in mining culture and masculinity.

Conclusions

On‐site chaplaincy appears to be effective in promoting the physical and mental health of FIFO personnel working at a remote mine site.

So what?

This promising model of active on‐site outreach offered by chaplains is set apart from existing FIFO support structures. We recommend further exploration of its potential to become part of an integrated health‐support system in the mining sector and other industries.
Recent decline of an endangered, endemic rodent: does exclusion of disturbance play a role for Hastings River mouse (Pseudomys oralis)?
Authors: Law B. , Brassil T. , Gonsalves L.
Published: October 2016

Context The role of disturbance and its exclusion is fundamental to the conservation of threatened species. Aims We used the habitat accommodation model as a framework to investigate the importance of forest disturbance for the endangered Hastings River mouse, Pseudomys oralis, focusing on timber harvesting. Methods Our study comprised two separate surveys. We resurveyed old survey sites (n = 24) where the species was originally recorded as either present (logging excluded) or absent (subsequently logged). A second survey targeted trapping in high-quality habitat stratified by different times since logging. Finally, we analysed a 15-year trapping dataset targeting P. oralis to assess associations with co-occurring species. Key results The resurvey of old sites resulted in 12 P. oralis individuals being trapped, compared with 46 individuals in original surveys. Substantial declines were observed over time in transects where logging was excluded (60–82% decline), whereas there was little change at transects where P. oralis was not previously trapped and that were subsequently logged. The second survey yielded 27 P. oralis captures at post-logging sites assessed as high quality. Occupancy was very high (ψ = 0.93 ± 0.21) in transects logged 7–15 years ago and was 60% less in transects where logging was excluded for 35–45 years (ψ = 0.37 ± 0.22), whereas occupancy in transects logged 2–6 years ago was intermediate. This pattern of higher occupancy in logged areas was mirrored for the mean number of P. oralis trapped per transect. Ordination of habitat data showed an association of P. oralis with heath, mat-rushes and logs, whereas rats (Rattus and Melomys) were associated with ferns and shrubs. Camera traps revealed low background levels of predator presence. A negative exponential relationship was found between probability of occupancy of P. oralis and rat abundance from a 15-year trapping dataset (44 275 trap-nights), suggesting that rats may compete with P. oralis. Conclusions Our results supported the habitat accommodation model and suggested that disturbance is likely to influence the persistence of P. oralis. However, an interaction between predation and loss of cover from high-frequency disturbance (fire or intense grazing) cannot be excluded as a key threat. Implications Disturbance should be incorporated into the management of some species. Adaptive monitoring is recommended to assess alternative management regimes.
In Search of “Equitability”: Sir John Cadman, Rezā Shah and the Cancellation of the D’Arcy Concession, 1928‒33
Authors: Brew Gregory
Published: October 2016

From 1928 to 1932 the Pahlavi regime of Iran negotiated with the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC) to revise the D’Arcy Concession. These negotiations, conducted by ‘Abd al-Hosayn Teymurtāsh and the chairman of APOC Sir John Cadman, ended in failure when Rezā Shah unilaterally cancelled the D’Arcy Concession in November 1932. This article argues that “equitability” was the goal of the negotiations. An agreement was ultimately impossible to reach, due to differing ideas on either side regarding what was equitable, changes in the international oil economy and instability within Iran itself, leading to an unequal agreement in April 1933 that confirmed APOC’s long-term security but served only the short-term needs of Iran.
Revisiting an information infrastructure for development: exploring the cost of information in Pacific Island development
Authors: Tibben William
Published: October 2016

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have been associated with development programmes for many decades. A theme of Lamberton’s commentary on such initiatives focuses on the lack of attention given to information as a key factor in the development process. His writing reiterated a number of arguments that he saw as being fundamental to the application of an information perspective to development issues. With a focus on agricultural development policy in the Pacific region, the paper uses a number of propositions that are suggested by Lamberton to analyse contemporary development initiatives in Pacific Island agriculture. These propositions focus attention on information costs that can influence the transfer of information and development of knowledge. Document analysis of selected published sources from a Pacific Island development programme are reviewed to illustrate the significance of information costs for development processes. The paper addresses the contention between traditional authority and knowledge and its significance for development.
Nocardiosis in the Tropical Northern Territory of Australia, 1997–2014
Authors: McGuinness Sarah L. , Whiting Sarah E. , Baird Rob , Currie Bart J. , Ralph Anna P. , Anstey Nicholas M. , Price Ric N. , Davis Joshua S. , Tong Steven Y. C.
Published: October 2016

Background

Nocardia is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause life-threatening disease. We aimed to characterize the epidemiological, microbiological, and clinical features of nocardiosis in the tropical north of Australia.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of nocardiosis diagnosed between 1997 and 2014. Population-based incidences were calculated using district population data.

Results

Clinically significant nocardiosis was identified in 61 patients. The unadjusted population-based annual incidence of nocardiosis was 2.02 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.55–2.60) per 100000 people and was 1.7 (95% CI, .96–2.90) fold higher in Indigenous compared with non-Indigenous persons (P = .027). Of 61 patients, 47 (77%) had chronic lung disease, diabetes, and/or hazardous alcohol consumption; 22 (36%) were immunocompromised; and 8 (13%) had no identified comorbidities. Disease presentations included pulmonary (69%; 42 of 61), cutaneous (13%; 8 of 61), and disseminated nocardiosis (15%; 9 of 61). The most commonly identified species were Nocardia asteroides and Nocardia cyriacigeorgica (each 11%). Linezolid was the only antimicrobial to which isolates were universally susceptible; 89% (48 of 54), 60% (32 of 53), and 48% (26 of 54) of isolates were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ceftriaxone, and imipenem, respectively. Eighteen patients (30%) required intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and 1-year mortality was 31%.

Conclusions

The incidence of nocardiosis in tropical Australia is amongst the highest reported globally. Nocardiosis occurs in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent hosts, and it is associated with high rates of ICU admission, 1-year mortality, and resistance to commonly recommended antimicrobials. Diagnosis should be considered in patients with consistent clinical features, particularly if they are Indigenous or have chronic lung disease.
Religion
Authors: Terrizzi John A. , Shook Natalie J.
Published: October 2016

This chapter argues that religion is, in part, an evolved disease-avoidance strategy. That is, many of the major world religions are a consequence of a system of psychological mechanisms that has evolved to promote disease avoidance. As person-to-person contact is a significant route of contamination, the behavioral immune system encourages avoidance of other people, especially individuals who may be sick or harboring pathogens. Consequently, the behavioral immune system promotes the adoption of socially conservative cultural value systems, which support avoidance of and prejudice toward out-group members. Indeed, the evidence indicates that religiosity is stronger in areas of the world that have a higher pathogen load. Additionally, individuals who are more sensitive to disgust and are more concerned with contamination exhibit more religious conservatism. Viewing religion from a disease-avoidance perspective helps explain why many religions are rife with purity rituals and often promote out-group avoidance.
Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Adults
Authors: Bader Mazen S. , Dow Gordon , Yi Yanqing , Howley Constance , Mugford Gerry , Kelly Deborah
Published: October 2016

Background

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is common in the general population, but its burden is unknown in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected adults. The primary objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of GERD in HIV-infected adults.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study of 85 HIV-infected adults from 2 HIV clinics in Canada. The patients completed a validated GERD questionnaire during their scheduled clinic visits.

Results

Eighty-five HIV-infected adults were included in the analysis. Mean age, median body mass index, and median waist circumference were 44 years, 25 cm, and 93 cm, respectively. Sixty-eight patients (81%) had GERD, and 52 (77%) of them were male. Of the 68 adults with GERD, 36 (52.9%) were classified as frequent, and 42 (61.8%) were classified as moderate-severe. Twenty-two patients had metabolic syndrome, of whom 19 (86.4%) had GERD symptoms. The weight of patients with GERD was higher than that in patients without GERD (75 [interquartile range, 19.5] and 63.35 [interquartile range, 19.8] kg, respectively;P= 0.04). Sixty-five patients (95.6%) who had GERD symptoms were taking medications to treat it. Most patients (92.3%) were on histamine-2 receptor antagonists.

Conclusions

Gastroesophageal reflux disease is prevalent among HIV-infected adults, and more than half of the patients present with symptoms described as frequent and/or moderate-severe in intensity. The screening and management of GERD are important considerations as part of routine HIV care.
Integrating Geropsychiatric Nursing and Interprofessional Collaborative Practice Competencies Into Adult-Gerontology Clinical Nurse Specialist Education
Authors: Mayo Ann M. , Harris Melodee , Buron Bill
Published: October 2016

Specific changes to the national clinical nurse specialist (CNS) certification are necessitating a move away the psychiatric/mental health (P/MH) CNS population focus. However, a rapidly increasing older adult population with P/MH comorbidities such as depression and anxiety means that the adult-gerontology CNS (AGCNS) will likely be coordinating much of the complex care needs of this vulnerable population. Therefore, strategies are needed to ensure AGCNSs are competent in advanced practice P/MH nursing. In addition, at this critical time in the redesign of healthcare, the Institute of Medicine has made interprofessional practice center stage for healthcare professional education. Therefore, the purpose of this manuscript is to propose aligning the current AGCNS population-focused competencies with the CNS geropsychiatric nursing competency enhancements and interprofessional collaborative practice education competencies. Examples of the proposed alignment and educational application strategies are presented. When AGCNS educational curricula encompass P/MH nursing at an advanced level from an interprofessional perspective, future AGCNSs will continue to be positioned to make significant contributions to the design of care systems and monitor and trend important outcomes, while ensuring safe and efficient, high-quality healthcare for older adults with P/MH comorbidities.
Comparing Clinical Nurse Specialist Students’ Socialization Based on Magnet Employment
Authors: Ares Terri L.
Published: October 2016

Purpose:

The purpose of this study is to ascertain if clinical nurse specialist students differed on measures of professional socialization based on employment in a Magnet-oriented hospital.

Design:

A secondary analysis of data from a previous national study of the socialization of clinical nurse specialist students was used. Anticipatory socialization variables (nursing leadership, workplace exposure to the role, and preconceived impression of the role), mentorship by a clinical nurse specialist, and socialization outcomes (self-concept, perceived preparedness for practice, and nursing specialty certification) were explored.

Methods:

Data were divided into 2 groups: Magnet (n = 106) and non-Magnet (n = 119). Comparisons between the groups on researcher-designed items and the Professionalism and Work Ethic subscales of the Nurses Self-Description Form were analyzed.

Results:

The Magnet group was more likely to be exposed to the clinical nurse specialist role in the workplace. Overall, there were no group differences in socialization outcome measures; but in the subset of students with workplace exposure to the role, those with Magnet experience had higher professionalism self-concept scores.

Conclusions:

Magnet employment was not a significant socializing factor for nurses pursuing clinical nurse specialist education. The graduate program is likely the primary socializing agent for these students.
Phylogenomic analysis of the family Peptostreptococcaceae (Clostridium cluster XI) and proposal for reclassification of Clostridium litorale (Fendrich et al. 1991) and Eubacterium acidaminophilum (Zindel et al. 1989) as Peptoclostridium litorale gen. nov. comb. nov. and Peptoclostridium acidaminophilum comb. nov.
Authors: Galperin Michael Y. , Brover Vyacheslav , Tolstoy Igor , Yutin Natalya
Published: October 2016

In 1994, analyses of clostridial 16S rRNA gene sequences led to the assignment of 18 species to

Clostridium

cluster XI, separating them from

Clostridium
sensu stricto (

Clostridium

cluster I). Subsequently, most cluster XI species have been assigned to the family

Peptostreptococcaceae

with some species being reassigned to new genera. However, several misclassified

Clostridium

species remained, creating a taxonomic conundrum and confusion regarding their status. Here, we have re-examined the phylogeny of cluster XI species by comparing the 16S rRNA gene-based trees with protein- and genome-based trees, where available. The resulting phylogeny of the

Peptostreptococcaceae

was consistent with the recent proposals on creating seven new genera within this family. This analysis also revealed a tight clustering of

Clostridium litorale

and

Eubacterium acidaminophilum

. Based on these data, we propose reassigning these two organisms to the new genus

Peptoclostridium

as

Peptoclostridium litorale

gen. nov. comb. nov. (the type species of the genus) and

Peptoclostridium acidaminophilum

comb. nov., respectively. As correctly noted in the original publications, the genera

Acetoanaerobium

and

Proteocatella

also fall within cluster XI, and can be assigned to the

Peptostreptococcaceae
.
Clostridium sticklandii

, which falls within radiation of genus

Acetoanaerobium

, is proposed to be reclassified as

Acetoanaerobium sticklandii

comb. nov. The remaining misnamed members of the

Peptostreptococcaceae

, [

Clostridium

] hiranonis, [

Clostridium

] paradoxum and [

Clostridium

] thermoalcaliphilum, still remain to be properly classified.
Frequency of mosaicism points towards mutation-prone early cleavage cell divisions in cattle
Authors: Harland Chad , Charlier Carole , Karim Latifa , Cambisano Nadine , Deckers Manon , Mni Myriam , Mullaart Erik , Coppieters Wouter , Georges Michel
Published: October 2016

It has recently become possible to directly estimate the germ-line de novo mutation (dnm) rate by sequencing the whole genome of father-mother-offspring trios, and this has been conducted in human1–5, chimpanzee6, mice7, birds8and fish9. In these studiesdnm’s are typically defined as variants that are heterozygous in the offspring while being absent in both parents. They are assumed to have occurred in the germ-line of one of the parents and to have been transmitted to the offspring via the sperm cell or oocyte. This definition assumes that detectable mosaïcism in the parent in which the mutation occurred is negligible. However, instances of detectable mosaïcism or premeiotic clusters are well documented in humans and other organisms, including ruminants10–12. We herein take advantage of cattle pedigrees to show that as much as ∼30% to ∼50% ofdnm’s present in a gamete may occur during the early cleavage cell divisions in males and females, respectively, resulting in frequent detectable mosaïcism and a high rate of sharing of multiplednm’s between siblings. This should be taken into account to accurately estimate the mutation rate in cattle and other species.
Programming mRNA decay to modulate synthetic circuit resource allocation
Authors: Venturelli Ophelia S. , Tei Mika , Bauer Stefan , Chan Leanne Jade G. , Petzold Christopher J. , Arkin Adam P.
Published: October 2016

Synthetic biomolecular networks embedded in host-cells compete with cellular processes for limited intracellular resources. Resource utilization is a major variable that impacts synthetic circuit behavior. Here we show that intracellular resources could be diverted from cellular operations to a synthetic circuit by programming global mRNA decay using the sequence-dependent endoribonuclease MazF. Synthetic circuit genes were protected from MazF activity by recoding the gene sequence to eliminate recognition sites, while preserving the amino acid sequence. The expression of a protected fluorescent reporter and the metabolic flux of a high-value metabolite gluconate were significantly enhanced using this genome-scale control strategy. Proteomics measurements discovered a key host translation factor in need of protection to optimize the resource redistribution activity. A dynamic computational model demonstrated that the MazF mRNA-decay feedback loop achieved proportional control of MazF levels in an optimal operating regime. RNA-seq time-series measurements of MazF-induced cells elucidated the dynamic shifts in the transcript abundance and discovered regulatory design elements that could be used to expand the control mechanisms of the MazF resource allocator. Together, these results demonstrated that manipulation of resource allocation is a tunable parameter that can be used to redirect resources away from cellular processes to synthetic circuits to enhance target functions.
Interaction of a relativistic dense electron beam with a laser wiggler in a vacuum: self-field effects on the electron orbits and free-electron laser gain
Authors: Abbasi E. , Jafari S. , Hedayati R.
Published: October 2016

Employing laser wigglers and accelerators provides the potential to dramatically cut the size and cost of X-ray light sources. Owing to recent technological developments in the production of high-brilliance electron beams and high-power laser pulses, it is now conceivable to make steps toward the practical realisation of laser-pumped X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs). In this regard, here the head-on collision of a relativistic dense electron beam with a linearly polarized laser pulse as a wiggler is studied, in which the laser wiggler can be realised using a conventional quantum laser. In addition, an external guide magnetic field is employed to confine the electron beam against self-fields, therefore improving the FEL operation. Conditions allowing such an operating regime are presented and its relevant validity checked using a set of general scaling formulae. Rigorous analytical solutions of the dynamic equations are provided. These solutions are verified by performing calculations using the derived solutions and well known Runge–Kutta procedure to simulate the electron trajectories. The effects of self-fields on the FEL gain in this configuration are estimated. Numerical calculations indicate that in the presence of self-fields the sensitivity of the gain increases in the vicinity of resonance regions. Besides, diamagnetic and paramagnetic effects of the wiggler-induced self-magnetic field cause gain decrement and enhancement for different electron orbits, while these diamagnetic and paramagnetic effects increase with increasing beam density. The results are compared with findings of planar magnetostatic wiggler FELs.
A multi-MHz single-shot data acquisition scheme with high dynamic range: pump–probe X-ray experiments at synchrotrons
Authors: Britz Alexander , Assefa Tadesse A. , Galler Andreas , Gawelda Wojciech , Diez Michael , Zalden Peter , Khakhulin Dmitry , Fernandes Bruno , Gessler Patrick , Sotoudi Namin Hamed , Beckmann Andreas , Harder Manuel , Yavaş Hasan , Bressler Christian
Published: October 2016

The technical implementation of a multi-MHz data acquisition scheme for laser–X-ray pump–probe experiments with pulse limited temporal resolution (100 ps) is presented. Such techniques are very attractive to benefit from the high-repetition rates of X-ray pulses delivered from advanced synchrotron radiation sources. Exploiting a synchronized 3.9 MHz laser excitation source, experiments in 60-bunch mode (7.8 MHz) at beamline P01 of the PETRA III storage ring are performed. Hereby molecular systems in liquid solutions are excited by the pulsed laser source and the total X-ray fluorescence yield (TFY) from the sample is recorded using silicon avalanche photodiode detectors (APDs). The subsequent digitizer card samples the APD signal traces in 0.5 ns steps with 12-bit resolution. These traces are then processed to deliver an integrated value for each recorded single X-ray pulse intensity and sorted into bins according to whether the laser excited the sample or not. For each subgroup the recorded single-shot values are averaged over ∼107 pulses to deliver a mean TFY value with its standard error for each data point,e.g.at a given X-ray probe energy. The sensitivity reaches down to the shot-noise limit, and signal-to-noise ratios approaching 1000 are achievable in only a few seconds collection time per data point. The dynamic range covers 100 photons pulse−1and is only technically limited by the utilized APD.
A high-accuracy complex-phase method of simulating X-ray propagation through a multi-lens system
Authors: Kshevetskii S. , Wojda P. , Maximov V.
Published: October 2016

The propagation of X-ray waves through an optical system consisting of many X-ray refractive lenses is considered. For solving the problem for an electromagnetic wave, a finite-difference method is applied. The error of simulation is analytically estimated and investigated. It was found that a very detailed difference grid is required for reliable and accurate calculations of the propagation of X-ray waves through a multi-lens system. The reasons for using a very detailed difference grid are investigated. It was shown that the wave phase becomes a function, very quickly increasing with increasing distance from the optical axis, after the wave has passed through the multi-lens system. If the phase is a quickly increasing function of the coordinates perpendicular to the optical axis, then the electric field of the wave is a quickly oscillating function of these coordinates, and thus a very detailed difference grid becomes necessary to describe such a wavefield. To avoid this difficulty, an equation for the phase function is proposed as an alternative to the equation of the electric field. This allows reliable and accurate simulations to be carried out when using the multi-lens system. An equation for the phase function is derived and used for accurate simulations. The numerical error of the suggested method is estimated. It is shown that the equation for the phase function allows efficient simulations to be fulfilled for the multi-lens system.
Optimal pitching schedules for a cycloidal rotor in hovering
Authors: Andrisani Andrea , Angeli Diego , Dumas Antonio
Published: October 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to define an optimal pitching profile for the blades of a cycloidal rotor which minimizes the mean power consumption for a given mean thrust of the rotor.

Design/methodology/approach

A simple analytical model of the kinematics and aerodynamics of a cycloidal rotor is defined first to obtain expressions for thrust and power depending on the pitching profile and geometrical parameters of the rotor. Then, Lagrange optimization is applied to obtain the optimal pitching schedule under hovering conditions. Finally, results of the theoretical analysis are compared with those of a two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model.

Findings

Results of the optimization suggest that the optimal profile is a combination of sinusoidal functions. It is shown that the adoption of the optimal pitching schedule could improve the power efficiency of the rotor by approximately 25 per cent.

Practical implications

The possibility to increase the efficiency of a cycloidal rotor by acting on its pitching schedule could be a significant factor of success for this alternative propulsion concept.

Originality/value

The present work represents the first attempt at a definition of an optimal pitching profile for a cycloidal rotor. Moreover, although being carried out on the basis of simplified analytical considerations, the present investigation sets a methodological framework which could be successfully applied to the design of similar kinds of systems.
Extended responsibility through servitization in PSS
Authors: Pal Rudrajeet
Published: October 2016

Purpose

The global textile-fashion industry is resource inefficient thus requiring higher product-service systems (PSS) intervention. Further, insight of how PSS extends corporate responsibility is rather limited; knowledge of which may contribute towards increased PSS viability. The purpose of this paper is to explore how companies operating with used-clothing PSS extend their responsibilities through servitization.

Design/methodology/approach

An exploratory study of seven companies operating with various used-clothing PSS is conducted through semi-structured interviews and supplementary document studies.

Findings

Six dominant ways through which servitization drives responsibility in used-clothing PSS are identified. These are through: value-adding services, product leverage, collaborative partnership, information transparency, awareness and platform-enabled networking. Two trade-offs exist in terms of their focus on physical process or digitalization, and developed by honing core competency or collaborative partnership. Further three differentiating attributes underlie these mechanisms for: raising awareness and/or improving transparency, collaboration in value creation and/or in promoting consumption, and product ownership and/or leverage.

Research limitations/implications

A wide range of used-clothing PSS exists each in its own way extending responsibility. In-depth studies are required to investigate the relationship between servitization and extended responsibility for diverse PSS-types and on type of responsibilities they address.

Practical implications

By identifying the key mechanisms or ways and their underlying characteristics companies can identify new servitization forms and ways to extend their responsibility, identify best practices and establish viability beyond the traditional measures, e.g. financial.

Originality/value

So far no studies have investigated the role of servitization in PSS and how it extends corporate responsibility, especially in industries like textile-fashion, where both resource efficiency and responsibility is low.
Building a system-wide approach to community relationships with the findings of a scoping review in health and social care
Authors: Grimshaw Paul , McGowan Linda , McNichol Elaine
Published: October 2016

Purpose

For leadership and management of Western health systems, good quality relationships are a fundamental cornerstone of organising health and social care (H&SC) delivery, delivering benefits across organisations and communities. The purpose of this paper is to explore the extant management, H&SC literature, grounded in older people care, reveal behaviours, processes and practices that if readily identified across a context will support healthy relationships across the “whole system” of stakeholders.

Design/methodology/approach

An academic/practitioner group designed and guided a scoping literature review of the H&SC and broader management literature to identify and extract important behaviours, processes and practices underlying the support of high-quality relationships. A search strategy was agreed and key health and management databases were interrogated and 51 papers selected for inclusion. Working with the practitioners, the selected papers were coded and then organised into emergent themes.

Findings

The paper outlines the relational behaviours, processes and practice elements that should be present within an older peoples care community, to support a healthy relational environment. These elements are presented under the five emergent literature themes of integrity, compassion, respect, fairness and trust. These five topics are examined in detail. A way forward for building statements using the review material, that may be applied to reveal relational patterns within older people care, is also explored and outlined.

Research limitations/implications

All literature reviews are subject to practical decisions around time, budget, scope and depth restraints. Therefore potentially relevant papers may have been missed in the review process. The scoping review process adapted here does not seek to make any major considerations with regards to the weighting of evidence behind the primary research.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to a growing need for designers of health systems to more fully understand, measure and draw on the value of relationships to help bridge the gap between diminishing resources and the expanding demand on H&SC services.