bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PSUN222 Prevalence of Vitamin B12 Monitoring Among Patients Receiving Metformin in a Public Hospital
Authors: Blanco Gerardo , Fayfman Maya , Ghiya Ronak D
Published: November 2022

Background

Metformin reduces intestinal absorption of Vitamin B12 in up to 30% of patients and lowers serum Vitamin B12 concentrations in 5-10%. The dose and duration of metformin use correlates with the risk of Vitamin B12 deficiency. Low serum levels may be detected as early as 3-4 months after starting metformin; however, symptomatic deficiency is more likely to present after 5-10 years of metformin therapy. In 2017, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) updated its treatment guidelines to recommend patients taking metformin undergo regular monitoring of Vitamin B12 levels. To better understand acceptance and application of these guidelines, we undertook an assessment of such monitoring within a single hospital center serving the low-income population in Atlanta, GA to assist in guiding optimal monitoring and patient management.

Methods

Data was collected from a single hospital center using electronic medical records (EMR) and the SlicerDicer tool to identify all outpatients for whom metformin was prescribed either as a single agent or in combination therapy during January 1 – December 31, 2021 and then measure Vitamin B12 prescribing among two cohorts during the same time period: primary care patients and patients followed by the diabetes center.

Results

During the period studied, of the total 2,336,914 patients documented in the EMR, 30,803 (0.01%) were outpatients whom metformin had been prescribed either as a single agent or in combination therapy. Of these, 816 patients (2.6%) had Vitamin B12 levels ordered and measured. The prevalence of Vitamin B12 levels ordered and measured was greater among primary care patients (673 of 8,971 [7.5%]) when compared with patients followed by the diabetes center (25 of 1,081 [2.3%]) (chi-square p<0.001). A second analysis determined that Vitamin B12 levels were abnormally low among 172 (23.7%) primary care patients and 25 (28%) patients followed by the diabetes center (chi-square p=0.78).

Conclusion

Our study determined that among two outpatient cohorts who were prescribed metformin there was suboptimal adherence to the ADA's recommendation for regular monitoring of Vitamin B12 levels. The findings of this study will be used to develop approaches for increasing and optimizing ordering and monitoring Vitamin B12 levels for patient care management. Increased awareness of the relationship between metformin and Vitamin B12 deficiency and standardized approaches to monitoring are needed.

Presentation: Sunday, June 12, 2022 12:30 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.
Intraoperative Prediction of Long-Term Remission in Acromegaly
Authors: Zachariah Marcus A. , Bozer Jordan J. , Cua Santino , Prevedello Luciano M. , Ghalib Luma M. , Hardesty Douglas A. , Carrau Ricardo L. , Kirschner Lawrence S. , Prevedello Daniel M.
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND:

The features of long-term remission in acromegaly adenomectomy are incompletely understood. An intraoperative predictor for long-term outcome would be valuable for assessing resection of growth hormone (GH)–secreting tumors in real-time.

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate whether intraoperative GH measurement could predict long-term outcomes for acromegaly.

METHODS:

In 47 patients, peripheral blood GH levels were measured thrice intraoperatively: once before tumor dissection, once during tumor dissection, and once after tumor dissection. Long-term remission was defined by age-appropriate, normalized insulin-like growth factor-1 at most recent follow-up and a random GH less than 1.0 ng/mL. Patients were only considered to be in long-term remission without the use of postoperative medical therapy for acromegaly or radiation therapy.

RESULTS:

The median length of follow-up was 4.51 (range: 0.78-9.80) years. Long-term remission was achieved in 61.7% (29/47) of operations. Like previous studies, cavernous sinus invasion (odds ratio [OR]: 0.060; 95% CI: 0.014-0.260; P value < .01), suprasellar extension (OR: 0.191; 95% CI: 0.053-0.681; P value<.01), and tumor size greater than 1 cm (OR: 0.177; 95% CI: 0.003-0.917; P value = .03) were associated with not being in long-term remission. The minimum GH measured intraoperatively predicted long-term outcome (area under the curve: 0.7107; 95% CI: 0.537-0.884; P value < .01). The odds ratio of remission in patients with the lowest quartile minimum intraoperative GH compared with patients with the highest quartile minimum intraoperative GH was 27.0 (95% CI: 2.343-311.171; P value < .01).

CONCLUSION:

Minimum intraoperative GH may predict long-term outcome for acromegaly, which in principle could provide the pituitary neurosurgeon with real-time feedback and inform intraoperative decision making.
Optimal Driving Strategies for a Fleet of Trains on Level Track with Prescribed Intermediate Signal Times and Safe Separation
Authors: Howlett Phil , Pudney Peter , Albrecht Amie
Published: November 2022

We propose an analytic solution to the problem of finding optimal driving strategies that minimize total tractive energy consumption for a fleet of trains traveling on the same track in the same direction subject to clearance-time equality constraints that ensure safe separation and compress the headway timespan. We assume the track is divided into sections by a set of trackside signals at fixed positions. For each intermediate signal there is an associated signal segment consisting of the two adjacent sections. Successive trains are safely separated only if the leading train leaves the signal segment before the following train enters. Although the fleet can be safely separated by a complete set of clearance times and associated clearance-time inequality constraints the problem of finding optimal schedules with safe separation rapidly becomes intractable as the number of trains and signals increases. The main difficulty is in distinguishing between active equality constraints and inactive inequality constraints. The curse of dimensionality means it is not feasible to check every different combination of active constraints, find the optimal strategies for each train, optimize the corresponding prescribed times and calculate the cost. Nevertheless we can formulate and solve an alternative problem with active clearance-time equality constraints for successive trains defined at selected signals. We show that this problem can be formulated as an unconstrained convex optimization and propose a solution algorithm that finds the optimal schedule and the associated optimal strategies for each train. Finally we find optimal schedules for a case study using realistic parameters on a busy metropolitan line.
Causes and Consequences of Truancy Among in School Adolescents in Oyo North Senatorial District Nigeria
Authors: Bolu Steve Foluke Nike , Fadipe Rasaq Abimbola , Charles Kayode Olajide
Published: November 2022

Background:  The need to increase the mastery of Information and Computer Technology (ICT) in teaching and learning activities is essential and urgent, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The PowerPoint application is a popular application for creating learning content, but most teachers are only at the level of "powerpointers". SMK Negeri Windusari, as a vocational high school, requires an increase in the level of its educators, namely those who can increase learning outcomes, one of which is by developing multimedia content based on PowerPoint. This training was in collaboration with UNIMMA Informatics Engineering. It was attended by twenty-four teachers starting with a pre-test and ending with a post-test to measure the level of success.
Contribution: Improving the quality of content to support learning outcomes.
Method:  The training on the use of ICT for learning begins with observation through a pre-test and ends with a presentation of the training results, and then measures progress using a post-test.
Results:  The results of the training showed that most of the participants showed improvement.

Conclusion:  This training is expected to be sustainable as a form of support for improving the quality of learning content.
Conceptions of Learning and Teaching and Their Relation to Educational Variables During Teaching Second Language
Authors: Chen Tim , C. Crosbie Robert , Anandkumarb Azita , Melville Charles , Nguyen N , Chen J
Published: November 2022

Background:  People who choose to study a second language like English face an emotional charge that affects directly to the learning process. Regarding the writing production, learners create short compositions about specific topics with instructions based on grammatical structures. Once it is done, learners receive feedback on their work. However, some learners do not want to write any text because the teacher puts more attention to their mistakes rather than their successes. Without taking into account their needs, topics of interest or motivation for carrying out the exercise
Contribution:  Therefore, it is set to identify the emotions that are generated by the corrections made to our learners’ written work.
Method:  The research was carried on with university students aged between 18 and 25 years old who are attending classes at the center of university language classroom. This research during the April- August 2016 term.
Results: It has been found that the emotions (positive and negative) play an important role or have a great impact that causes aversion towards language learning. Therefore, it is necessary that teachers provide adequate feedback for language learning.

Conclusion:  Corrections generate aversion towards the learning process. Regarding the feedback students receive from their teachers, it generates emotional charge (positive and negative) which should be followed
As one door closes, another opens!
Authors: Phillips Chloe
Published: November 2022

Chloe Phillips shares her story on how rejection led her to the brink of quitting dentistry and onto her new successful role.
Knowledge of the Effects of UV Radiation and Blue Light on the Skin, the Proper use of Protective Cosmetics and Usage Patterns in Latvia
Authors: Nesterenko Renata , Pleša Demija , Bataraga Elga
Published: November 2022

UV (ultraviolet) radiation is a significant risk factor for the development of skin cancers such as melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma, and can contribute to other skin lesions.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to find out knowledge on the effects of UV radiation and blue light on the skin, the correct use of protective equipment, and their using habits in the Latvian population. 

Materials and Methods: An anonymous questionnaire was used, which included 31 questions and 307 participants in the age group from 18 to 60 years, randomly selected were surveyed (243 (79%) - women, 64 (21%) - men).

Results: Comparing the knowledge about the effects of UV radiation and the blue light on the skin between the age groups, a statistically significant difference was found between the age groups 21-25 and 51-60 (p <0.001), as well as between 26-30 and 51-60 (p <0.001). Analyzing the data, a statistically significant difference was obtained in the gender groups who didn’t sunbathe - men did not sunbathe statistically significantly less than women (p <0.05). Only 21.2% of respondents were using SPF protective creams daily. 8.1% of respondents believe that the effects of tanning on the skin are negative.

Conclusion: The level of knowledge on UV radiation, blue light and proper use of protectives are influenced by age, gender and occupation in Latvian population.
Prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes and genetic relationship of Escherichia coli serotype O45, O113, O121, and O157 isolated from cattle in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam
Authors:   Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho City 900000, Vietnam, Nguyen Khanh Thuan , Nguyen Thanh Lam ,   Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho City 900000, Vietnam, Nguyen Tran Phuoc Chien ,   Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho City 900000, Vietnam, Nguyen Phuc Khanh ,   Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho City 900000, Vietnam, Ly Thi Lien Khai ,   Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho City 900000, Vietnam, Bich Tran Ngoc ,   Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho City 900000, Vietnam
Published: November 2022

A total of 39 Escherichia coli strains serotype O45, O113, O121, and O157 isolated from cattle in the Mekong Delta were examined the antimicrobial susceptibility to 13 antibiotics by the disc-diffusion method. Those strains were also analyzed for the presence of antibiotic resistance genes by PCR assay, and their genetic relationship by ERIC-PCR assay. The results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that those strains were sensitive to most of the examined antibiotics, but were relatively high resistance to ampicillin (64.10%), and colistin (53.85%). Those E. coli strains could be resistant against one to eight antibiotics with 22 resistance patterns obtained. Moreover, those E. coli strains harbored one to seven antibiotic resistance genes. Gene tetA (51.28%) and blaampC (48.72%) were detected frequently while gene tetB, blaCMY, and cat1 were not found in those E. coli strains. A total of 21 combined patterns of antibiotic resistance genes were recorded, and the most frequent combined pattern was blaampC+tetA (12.82%). ERIC-PCR analysis revealed that each E. coli serotype exhibited various genetic patterns with 40%-100% of similarity. The most elevated number of patterns were in E. coli O157 (nine patterns), followed by E. coli O121 (six patterns). The prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes and diverse genetic characteristics in those E. coli strains originated from cattle constitute potential risks to local health in the Mekong Delta.
Detection of novel transcripts and evaluation of expression levels of Igf2 in mouse placenta
Authors:   University of Education, Hue University, Hue 49000, Vietnam, Van Giang Tran , Cathala Guy ,   Institut of Genetique Moleculaire in Montpellier, UMR 5535 CNRS-Montpellier II University, Montpellier, France
Published: November 2022

The imprinted Igf2 gene (Insulin-like growth factor 2) encodes a growth factor that plays an important role in the formation of the placenta and embryonic development. This study results showed that several new transcripts of the Igf2 gene were detected in the placenta of mice, and the new promoter in the placenta P0L and PU2 were found. Expression levels of these promoters as well as of the Igf2 gene were evaluated in the placentas of mice. The expression levels of these two promoters were investigated in different tissues; P0L is very well expressed in the brain and is clearly expressed in the placenta, tongue, and kidney; P0 is well expressed in the placenta, but also in the kidney and heart; PU2 is expressed in addition to the placenta, tongue, and muscles.
Platelet-rich plasma injection for acute Achilles tendon rupture
Authors: Keene David J. , Alsousou Joseph , Harrison Paul , O’Connor Heather M. , Wagland Susan , Dutton Susan J. , Hulley Philippa , Lamb Sarah E. , Willett Keith ,   on behalf of the PATH-2 Trial group
Published: November 2022

Aims

To determine whether platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection improves outcomes two years after acute Achilles tendon rupture.

Methods

A randomized multicentre two-arm parallel-group, participant- and assessor-blinded superiority trial was undertaken. Recruitment commenced on 28 July 2015 and two-year follow-up was completed in 21 October 2019. Participants were 230 adults aged 18 years and over, with acute Achilles tendon rupture managed with non-surgical treatment from 19 UK hospitals. Exclusions were insertion or musculotendinous junction injuries, major leg injury or deformity, diabetes, platelet or haematological disorder, medication with systemic corticosteroids, anticoagulation therapy treatment, and other contraindicating conditions. Participants were randomized via a central online system 1:1 to PRP or placebo injection. The main outcome measure was Achilles Tendon Rupture Score (ATRS) at two years via postal questionnaire. Other outcomes were pain, recovery goal attainment, and quality of life. Analysis was by intention-to-treat.

Results

A total of 230 participants were randomized, 114 to PRP and 116 to placebo. Two-year questionnaires were sent to 216 participants who completed a six-month questionnaire. Overall, 182/216 participants (84%) completed the two-year questionnaire. Participants were aged a mean of 46 years (SD 13.0) and 25% were female (57/230). The majority of participants received the allocated intervention (219/229, 96%). Mean ATRS scores at two years were 82.2 (SD 18.3) in the PRP group (n = 85) and 83.8 (SD 16.0) in the placebo group (n = 92). There was no evidence of a difference in the ATRS at two years (adjusted mean difference -0.752, 95% confidence interval -5.523 to 4.020; p = 0.757) or in other secondary outcomes, and there were no re-ruptures between 24 weeks and two years.

Conclusion

PRP injection did not improve patient-reported function or quality of life two years after acute Achilles tendon rupture compared with placebo. The evidence from this study indicates that PRP offers no patient benefit in the longer term for patients with acute Achilles tendon rupture. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(11):1256–1265.
Fabrication and Characterization of Core Offset Waveguide Optical Sensor for Refractive Index Measurement
Authors: Paradita Dhea , Yulianti Ian , Suhantoro Mei
Published: November 2022

Refractive index is important parameter in various fields, such as environmental, chemical, industrial, and medical. Measurement of refractive index can be done using optical sensor based buried waveguide core offset. This research aims to fabricate and characterize core offset buried waveguide based on Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA).  Fabrication of buried waveguide was done by creating a cladding of waveguide made from PMMA which has a refractive index of 1.4908 using computer numerical Control machine  (CNC). The material used as waveguide core was unsaturated polyester resin (UPR). Characterization was performed to determine the spectrum of input intensity and output intensity.  Characterization were done by dipping the waveguide sample in to a container containing glucose solution with concentration of 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, and 24%. Waveguide was connected to Polymer Fiber Optic (POF). One of the of POF as an input is connected to light emited diode with wavelength of 470 nm and one of the end other POF as an output was connected to Spectrometer Ocean Optic USB4000. The result showed that the total loss at concentration of 12%-24% is -4.62 dB, -5,70 dB, -6,01 dB, -6,49 dB, -6,15 dB, -6,16 dB, respectively. Sensor works well at a solution concentration of 16%-20% with a sensitivity value of 19.62 dB/RIU and correlation factor of 92.76%.

 
Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Struktur dan Sifat Magnet Nanokomposit Fe3O4@PEG:ZnO
Authors: Astuti Astuti , Khaira Ihda , Arief Syukri , Usna Sri Rahayu Alfitri
Published: November 2022

Fe3O4@PEG:ZnO nanocomposites were synthesized by the coprecipitation method with various of the samples were Fe3O4, Fe3O4@ZnO (1:1), Fe3O4@PEG: ZnO (1:2), and Fe3O4@ PEG: ZnO (1:3). The samples were synthesized with variation in the concentration of ZnO to Fe3O4. The concentration ratio of (Fe3O4:ZnO) were (1:1), (1:2), and (1:3). In addition, polyethylene glycol (PEG) is also used to prevent the agglomeration of Fe3O4. Sample characterization was carried out using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), and vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). The XRD patterns show that the sample is composed of Fe3O4phase and ZnO phase with crystal structure cubic and wurtzite respectively. The TEM image shows the formation of a core-shell structure where PEG: ZnO is the shell and Fe3O4 is the core. From the FTIR results, there are C-O and C-C bonds which indicate the formation of PEG, Fe-O bonds indicate the formation of Fe3O4 and Zn-O bonds indicate the formation of ZnO. Characterization with PSA obtained particle sizes of 33 nm, 23 nm, and 16 nm with particle size distributions of 25%, 50%, and 75% so that the average particle size is 24 nm. The VSM results show that Fe3O4@PEG: ZnO (1:2) nanocomposite has a high magnetic saturation of 66.58 emu/g, with superparamagnetic properties, which has the potential to be developed as a bioimaging material.
Identification Of Changes In Magnetic Clay Mineral Lattice Due To Batik Fabric Dyeing Process Using X-Ray Diffraction
Authors: Mardayani Reza Sri , Rifai Hamidi , Dwiridal Letmi , Akmam Akmam , Mufit Fatni
Published: November 2022

Clay in West Sumatra has been developed as an industrial material, one of which is a natural dye for batik. The use of clay as a natural dye was previously known to have magnetic minerals contained in clay so as to produce color and resistance to fabrics. Currently, no one has investigated the types of magnetic minerals found in clay and their effect on color resistance in batik cloth, so this study aims to determine the types of magnetic minerals in clay and their effect on color resistance in batik cloth. Clay samples were taken from two areas in West Sumatra, namely Pesisir Selatan and Sijunjung. Samples were characterized from the extraction of clay using X-Ray Diffraction, where measurements were taken before and after the dyeing process on the fabric. The results showed that the types of magnetic minerals found in the clay before and after dyeing the fabric were Maghemite. In addition, the non-magnetic mineral found in clay is Quartz. The color resistance test on the CL-SPPS-210314-2 fabric sample did not change color, on the contrary, the CL-PSBSJJ-210421 fabric sample experienced quite a change from the original color of the fabric or before washing.

 
Structural Investigation and Properties Of Tio2 Thin Film Prepared by Sol-Gel Spin Coating
Authors: Saputri Diani Galih , Bin Ahmad Mohd Khairul , Supriyanto Agus , Nasyori Achmad , Kunya Salisu I , Maarof Nurul Amiera Shahida , Abd Majid Siti Nurhaziqah , Mohd Ismail Anis Zafirah , Ahmad Ramli Shazleen
Published: November 2022

We report the structural properties of TiO2 (Titanium dioxide) thin films grown using sol-gel spin coating method for temperature treatment (with temperature 50o C and without temperature) The difference in temperature is carried out to determine changes in the surface of the sample by using heating or not. Ideally, the thickness of the TiO2 layer ranges from 10-15 μm, therefore in this study it was carried out in 5 layers. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) consist of surface morphology, Cross-section sample, and EDX images, respectively, providing the structure of the surface. The result confirm that temperature treatment can damage the surface coating, this is proven by the shape of the crack in the coating.
Sistem Pengukuran Detak Jantung Janin Melalui Elektrokardiogram Abdominal dan Android
Authors: Aji Yusuf Anggara , Nuryani Nuryani , Wiyono Nanang , Yunianto Mohtar , Purnama Budi , Utari Utari , Riyatun Riyatun , Suharno Suharno , Raharjo Dwi Teguh
Published: November 2022

An android-based fetal heart rate measurement is presented in this article. The fetal heart rate was obtained from the mother's abdominal electrocardiogram which was then measured and processed by Raspberry pi using k-means. Raspberry pi processed results produce ECG signals and fetal heart rate which was displayed on Android devices in real-time. The android application can also save heart rate and ECG data or retrieve previously taken heart rate recordings. The system obtained that the average value of accuracy, sensitivity and predictive positive were 90.49%, 97.10% and 93.03%, respectively. The variation of the training time of the algorithm showed that the training time of 10 and 15 seconds mostly has better performance than the training time of 5 seconds.
Surgeons and ergonomics
Authors: Dean Erin
Published: November 2022

Surgeons face many additional physical concerns due to poorly fitting protective clothing and awkward equipment. Erin Dean explores whether we can develop better solutions for the ‘one-size-fits-all’ tools and offer relief to surgeons.
Comparing Federal Indigenous Health Policy Reform in Canada and the United States: The Shift to Indigenous Self-Determination in Health Care
Authors: Webb Denise , Mashford-Pringle Angela , Allin Sara , Mauer-Vakil Dane
Published: November 2022

Federal governments in Canada and the United States have followed similar timelines and events in their efforts to support Indigenous self-determination in health care. Since colonization, both settler colonies have aimed to assimilate Indigenous Peoples into settler society, in disregard of inherent Indigenous self-determining rights and titles. By the 1970s their policy agendas shifted towards Indigenous self-determination, including in matters of health service planning and delivery at the community-level. This paper analyzes this shift in policy from a comparative perspective with the aim of informing future reforms. We identify and examine the policy instruments used in the process, finding a greater use of regulatory instruments in the United States, compared to informative tools in Canada. We also discuss the associated impacts of the reform on the ability to practice self-determining activities within communities, highlighting some of the administrative enablers and barriers within and around health care settings. As little research has compared health policy reforms related to matters of Indigenous health in Canada and the United States, this paper provides new insights into the drivers and nature of the policy shift toward self-determination at the federal level and suggests grounds for further investigation.
Analysis of very low bacterial counts in small sample volumes using angle-resolved light scattering
Authors: Munser Anne-Sophie , Trost Marcus , Schröder Sven , Graf Martina , Rosenbaum Miriam A. , Tünnermann Andreas
Published: November 2022

Because of its high sensitivity to even small objects and the quick measurement principle, angle-resolved scattering (ARS) measurements exhibit a promising potential as a rapid analysis tool for bacterial cells at small sample sizes and very low numbers of cells. In this study, investigations on scattered light from various bacterial cell samples revealed applicability down to single cell levels, which is a huge benefit compared to conventional methods that depend on time-consuming cellular growth over several hours or even days. With the proposed setup and data analysis method, it is possible to detect scatter differences among cell types, together with the cell concentration.
Intake of nutrients (polyunsaturated fatty acids, tocols, and carotenes) and storage efficiency in different slow-growing chickens genotypes reared in extensive systems
Authors: Mattioli Simona , Mancinelli Alice Cartoni , Dal Bosco Alessandro , Ciarelli Claudia , Amato Monica Guarino , Angelucci Elisa , Chiattelli Diletta , Castellini Cesare
Published: November 2022

An extensive rearing system (ERS) for poultry requires an outdoor run, which enhances the foraging activity of chickens. Slow-growing (SG) strains are more adapted to ERS than fast-growing (FG); and generally, have higher levels of bioactive compounds in their meat. The aim of this paper was to assess the storage efficiency of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), tocols and carotenes in the meat of seven commercial SG genotypes (SG1-7). One hundred SG chicks/strain of both sexes were included and their walking activity (High- or Low-W) was classified: SG1-4, HW comprised more than 10% of the time budget, and SG5-7, less than 10% (LW). Chickens were reared in pens (4 pens/strain) with indoor (0.10 m2/bird) and outdoor (4 m2/bird) areas, and they were fed the same diet ad libitum (starter feed for 1–21 d, grower feed from 22 d to slaughter at 81 d). The chickens were weighed weekly; feed consumption and grass intake were also estimated. At 81 days of age, 32 chickens/genotype were selected on the basis of the average weight (1:1, M:F) and slaughtered. The breast, thigh and drumstick meat were excised from 30 carcasses/genotype, sampled and stored at -20°C until analysis. Nutrients (e.g., n-3, n-6, carotenes and tocols) of feed, grass and meat were analyzed. The storage efficiency of nutrients was estimated as the ratio between the amount deposited in the body muscles (OUT) and the dietary intake (feed and grass, IN). The genotype affected chickens foraging behavior and the intake of nutrients. For SG1, SG2 and SG3, more than 50% of the intake of n-3 came from grass, whereas in the other genotypes, less than 20%. Accordingly, chickens that foraged more showed better meat nutritional profiles (less fat, more n-3 and antioxidants), which, in ERS, was ascribed to grass ingestion. However, the storage efficiency of nutrients into meat was inversely correlated with the grass intake: strains with higher grass intake (SG1, SG2, and SG3) had lower storage rates. Several hypotheses were proposed to explain these trends.
Optimal utilization of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV services among adolescents under group versus focused antenatal care in Eastern Uganda
Authors: Akunzirwe Rebecca , Bakeera-Kitaka Sabrina , Kalyango Joan N. , Zalwango Jane Frances , Ssemasaazi Judith Amutuhaire , Okello Tom , Buhuguru Remmy , Kiguli Sarah , Mubuuke Aloysius G. , Ononge Sam
Published: November 2022

Background

Group antenatal care (G-ANC), an alternative to focused ANC (F-ANC), involves grouping mothers by gestational and maternal age. In high-income countries, G-ANC has been associated with improved utilization of health care services like Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV services. Some low-resource countries with poor utilization of health care services have piloted G-ANC. However, there is limited evidence of its efficiency. We, therefore, compared G-ANC versus F-ANC with regards to optimal utilization of PMTCT of HIV services and assessed associated factors thereof among adolescent mothers in eastern Uganda. We defined optimal utilization of PMTCT of HIV services as the adolescent being up to date with HIV counseling and testing. If found HIV negative, subsequent timely re-testing. If found HIV positive, initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) under option B plus for the mother. While for the infant, it entailed safe delivery, testing, feeding, and appropriate HIV chemotherapy.

Methods

From February to April 2020, we conducted a cross-sectional study among 528 adolescent mothers in four sites in eastern Uganda. We assessed the optimal utilization of PMTCT of HIV services among adolescent mothers that had attended G-ANC versus F-ANC at the post-natal care or immunization clinics. We also assessed the factors associated with optimal utilization of PMTCT of HIV services among these mothers.

Results

Optimal utilization of PMTCT was higher among those in G-ANC than in F-ANC (74.7% vs 41.2, p-0.0162). There was a statistically significant association between having attended G-ANC and optimal utilization of PMTCT [PR = 1.080, 95%CI (1.067–1.093)]. Other factors independently associated with optimal utilization were; having a partner that tested for HIV [PR = 1.075, 95%CI (1.048–1.103)], trimester of first ANC visit: second trimester [PR = 0.929, 95%CI (0.902–0.957)] and third trimester [PR = 0.725, 95%CI (0.616–0.853)], and the health facility attended: Bugembe HCIV [PR = 1.126, 95%CI (1.113–1.139)] and Jinja regional referral hospital [PR = 0.851, 95%CI (0.841–0.861]

Conclusions

Adolescent mothers under G-ANC had significantly higher optimal utilization of PMTCT of HIV services compared to those under F-ANC. We recommend that the Ministry of Health considers widely implementing G-ANC, especially for adolescent mothers.
Effect of asthma, COPD, and ACO on COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Uruma Yuka , Manabe Toshie , Fujikura Yuji , Iikura Motoyasu , Hojo Masayuki , Kudo Koichiro
Published: November 2022

Introduction

The prevalence of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) in patients with COVID-19 varies, as well as their risks of mortality. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of asthma, COPD, and ACO as comorbidities, and to determine their risks of mortality in patients with COVID-19 using a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods

We systematically reviewed clinical studies that reported the comorbidities of asthma, COPD, and ACO in patients with COVID-19. We searched various databases including PubMed (from inception to 27 September 2021) for eligible studies written in English. A meta-analysis was performed using the random-effect model for measuring the prevalence of asthma, COPD, and ACO as comorbidities, and the mortality risk of asthma, COPD, and ACO in patients with COVID-19 was estimated. A stratified analysis was conducted according to country.

Results

One hundred one studies were eligible, and 1,229,434 patients with COVID-19 were identified. Among them, the estimated prevalence of asthma, COPD, and ACO using a meta-analysis was 10.04% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.79–11.30), 8.18% (95% CI, 7.01–9.35), and 3.70% (95% CI, 2.40–5.00), respectively. The odds ratio for mortality of pre-existing asthma in COVID-19 patients was 0.89 (95% CI, 0.55–1.4; p = 0.630), while that in pre-existing COPD in COVID-19 patients was 3.79 (95% CI, 2.74–5.24; p<0.001). France showed the highest prevalence of asthma followed by the UK, while that of COPD was highest in the Netherlands followed by India.

Conclusion

Pre-existing asthma and COPD are associated with the incidence of COVID-19. Having COPD significantly increases the risk of mortality in patients with COVID-19. These differences appear to be influenced by the difference of locations of disease pathophysiology and by the daily diagnosis and treatment policy of each country.
Contextualizing the music and politics of Oumou Sangaré
Authors: Dahm L. Clayton
Published: November 2022

Oumou Sangaré has used her voice to take on local political and social issues over her 30-plus-year career as a singer. However, those stances can be lost on global listeners who lack emic understandings of Sangaré’s context – the local music and politics of Wassoulou. Scholars in music education note the importance of contextualizing the musical cultures introduced to students, and this issue is paramount if the inclusion of world music is to be a decolonizing praxis. Considering the music of Oumou Sangaré, this article demonstrates that while metadata (lyrics, translations, interviews, profiles and media) can be found to teach and contextualize Sangaré’s music in the classroom, information on contemporary musicians is not always easily accessible in the digital and streaming age of music mediation. Further work is needed to provide music educators with increased access to this critical information for including world music and musicians in curricula.
Women sounding out: Listening for queerness in folk and popular music of the United States
Authors: Kohfeld J. Michael
Published: November 2022

Folk music and other popular styles associated with rural regions of the United States appear to be unlikely places to find lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and other gender/sexual minorities (LGBTQ+). Consequently, teaching folk music of the United States with attention to diversity, equity and inclusion can be challenging for music educators. In this article, I use Yves Bonenfant’s notion of ‘queer listening’ to discuss queer genders and sexualities in folk and popular music, applying the framework to three songs by women artists: Tracy Chapman’s ‘For My Lover’, the Indigo Girls’ ‘Closer to Fine’ and Amythyst Kiah’s version of ‘Black Myself’. By treating queerness as a ‘doing’ rather than a ‘being’, queer narratives of oppression, survival, resilience and triumph in folk music can be discussed in the music classroom with greater nuance in relation to history, performance and reception.
‘She’s an expert on the harmonica’: Women, stage shows and harmonica playing
Authors: Shansky Carol Rena
Published: November 2022

Female solo harmonica players began to be more commonly heard on stages and radio in the United States in the 1920s–30s. While still a male-dominated arena, several women soloists, male–female duos or women’s groups were featured performers in vaudeville, but also the ‘variety’ or ‘stage shows’ entertainment that emerged as vaudeville declined. Stage shows as well as acts that appeared as a prelude to movies at movie houses took on the air of a more ‘middle-class-friendly’ source of entertainment where women began to find a foothold and developed a reputation as solid performers. This article profiles three of these: The Ingenues, ‘Babe’ Didrickson and Mildred Mulcay. This article begins to fill in the gap of our understanding of the activities and impact of female performers of popular music in the decades before the Second World War.
Profil Klinis dan Luaran Pasien Anak dengan Covid-19 yang Dirawat di Ruang Isolasi Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Balaraja Selama Gelombang Ketiga
Authors: Angelina Angelina , Novriandina Shanaz , Dewi Arfianti Chandra
Published: November 2022

Latar belakang. Terdapat peningkatan kasus Covid-19 dan angka rawat inap anak selama gelombang pandemi ketiga di Indonesia, Januari sampai April 2022. Banyak hal baru muncul terkait Covid-19 pada anak, tetapi data dan penelitiannya masih terbatas.Tujuan. Mengetahui profil klinis dan luaran pasien anak yang dirawat inap dengan Covid-19 selama gelombang ketiga.Metode. Penelitian observasional deskriptif menggunakan data rekam medis dari pasien anak berusia 0-18 tahun terkonfirmasi Covid-19 dengan tes PCR SARS-CoV-2 di ruang isolasi Covid-19 RSUD Balaraja selama bulan Februari - April 2022. Hasil. Terdapat 23 pasien, terbanyak (43,5%) berusia 1-5 tahun. Gejala tersering adalah demam <3 hari (78,3%), gejala respiratori (69,6%), gastrointestinal (69,6%), neurologis (52,2%). Diagnosis kerja terbanyak adalah status epileptikus dan kejang demam (34,8%), diare dan vomitus dengan dehidrasi (26,1%). Satu orang meninggal dan rerata lama rawat 6,3+4 hari. Pasien dengan CRP positif lebih banyak yang dirawat lama. Rerata leukosit dan trombosit pada pasien yang dirawat lama adalah 20.940,0+18.197,9/µL dan 477.400+230.402,5/µL.Kesimpulan. Gejala klinis bervariasi, umumnya lebih dari satu sistem organ. Diagnosis kerja terbanyak berhubungan dengan masalah neurologis. Secara umum luaran pasien baik, pasien dengan gejala respiratori dan CRP positif lebih banyak yang dirawat lama dengan nilai leukosit dan trombosit lebih tinggi.
Gambaran Klinis dan Laboratorium pada Pasien Anak dengan Covid-19 Terkonfirmasi di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah dr. H. Moch Ansari Saleh Banjarmasin
Authors: Kisworini Priyanti , Margareth Yulia
Published: November 2022

Latar belakang. Kasus Coronavirus disease 2019 Covid-19 pada anak di Indonesia cukup tinggi dengan angka kematian yang lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan data negara-negara di asia bahkan di dunia. Manifestasi klinis pada anak dengan Covid-19 dapat meliputi manifestasi sistemik di luar gejala respirasi dengan data yang masih terbatas, serta penemuan laboratorium yang masih kurang untuk mengarahkan pada kasus kecurigaan Covid-19. Tujuan. Mengetahui gambaran klinis dan laboratorium pada anak dengan Covid-19 terkonfirmasiMetode. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan data sekunder dari rekam medis pasien anak terkonfirmasi Covid-19 di RSUD dr. H. Moch Ansari Saleh Banjarmasin periode Mei – Oktober 2020. Kriteria inklusi yaitu anak usia 0-18 tahun dengan PCR nasofaring positif. Seluruh populasi diambil menjadi sampel penelitian. Hasil. Didapatkan 17 anak dengan usia rata-rata 9,3 tahun, perbandingan perempuan dan laki-laki adalah 1,1 : 1, riwayat kontak dengan pasien terkonfirmasi ada 7 (41,2%) dan tidak diketahui 10 (58,8%) anak. Manifestasi klinis yang didapat adalah demam (t >37,50C ) 9 anak (52,94%), batuk 5 anak (29,4%), diare 4 anak (23,5%), sesak napas (takipnue) dan pilek 3 anak (17,6%). Pada pemeriksaan laboratorium didapatkan NLR >2,4.103/uL pada 13 anak (76,5%) dan leukositosis 2 anak (11,8%).Kesimpulan. Manifestasi klinis dan nilai laboratorium terbanyak pada anak dengan Covid-19 terkonfirmasi adalah demam (>37,50C) dan peningkatan NLR >2,4.103/uL.
Karakteristik Pasien Anak dengan Infeksi Dengue yang Dirawat Inap pada Satu Tahun Sebelum dan Saat Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Ayuni Qurota , Setiabudi Djatnika , Setiawati Elsa Pudji
Published: November 2022

Latar belakang. Infeksi dengue memiliki manifestasi klinis yang bervariasi dan jika tidak ditangani secara cepat dan tepat dapat menyebabkan kematian. Pandemi Covid-19 juga menjadi tantangan baru dalam kasus infeksi dengue karena adanya pembatasan mobilisasi masyarakat ke rumah sakit. Mengetahui karakteristik pasien anak dengan infeksi dengue merupakan hal penting sebagai data dasar untuk penelitian selanjutnya.Tujuan. Untuk mengetahui gambaran karakteristik klinis pasien anak dengan infeksi dengue berdasarkan usia, jenis kelamin, status gizi, riwayat orang terdekat, diagnosis, lama rawat inap, dan kondisi saat pulang dari rumah sakit pada saat satu tahun sebelum dan saat pandemi Covid-19.Metode. Studi deskriptif dengan pendekatan potong lintang untuk melihat karakteristik pasien anak dengan infeksi dengue pada satu tahun sebelum dan saat pandemi Covid-19. Hasil. Terdapat 200 pasien sebelum pandemi. Saat pandemi, jumlah pasien turun hingga lima kali lipat (41). Usia pasien banyak ditemukan pada rentang 5-11 tahun, 36% sebelum pandemi dan 34,1% saat pandemi. Sebelum pandemi, pasien laki-laki mendominasi sebanyak 50,5%. Saat pandemi, perempuan mendominasi dengan jumlah 56,1%. Status gizi pasien yang banyak ditemukan bergizi baik, 68% sebelum pandemi dan 53,7% saat pandemi. Diagnosis demam dengue dominan sebelum pandemi (54,5%) dan saat pandemi (43,9%). Ditemukan lebih banyak pasien yang tidak memiliki riwayat orang terdekat mengalami penyakit serupa. Lama rawat inap pasien = paling banyak ditemukan pada rentang 4-7 hari. Pasien dengan kondisi pulang perbaikan mendominasi dalam penelitian ini.Kesimpulan. Infeksi dengue paling sering terjadi pada usia 5-11 tahun dengan jumlah pasien perempuan dan laki-laki hampir sama. Sebagian besar pasien berstatus gizi baik dan tidak memiliki riwayat orang terdekat yang mengalami penyakit serupa. Pada sebelum dan saat pandemi, demam dengue menjadi diagnosis paling banyak. Lama rawat inap paling banyak ditemukan pada rentang 4-7 hari. Keadaan pasien saat pulang terbanyak adalah perbaikan.
Hubungan Kadar Resistin dengan C-Reactive Protein dan Prokalsitonin pada Anak dengan Sepsis
Authors: Andriyani Dwi , Hakim Dzulfikar Djalil Lukmanul , Alam Anggraini
Published: November 2022

Latar belakang. Sepsis merupakan penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas pada layanan kesehatan anak di seluruh dunia. Resistin merupakan salah satu hormon peptida yang berpotensi sebagai penanda dalam sepsis didasari dari aktivitas resistin dalam sekresi mediator inflamasi. Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai korelasi kadar resistin dengan CRP dan PCT pada anak yang terdiagnosis sepsis.Metode. Penelitian cross-sectional dilakukan pada pasien anak berusia usia >1 bulan – 18 tahun yang dirawat di RSHS periode September – Desember 2021. Data yang diambil berupa karakteristik dasar, kadar resistin, CRP, dan PCT. Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji korelasi Rank Spearman dan analisis multivariat regresi linier.Hasil. Sebanyak 60 pasien yang terdiri atas 31 (51,7%) perempuan dan 29 (48,3%) laki-laki. Sebagian besar usia berada pada rentang 1-6 tahun (53,3%), dengan median usia sebesar 5,5 tahun dengan IQR sebesar 8,9 tahun. Status gizi pada riset ini sebagian besar normal sebanyak 25 anak (41,7%) dan malnutrisi berat sebanyak 15 (25,0%). Hasil analisis bivariat terdapat korelasi positif lemah antara resistin dengan CRP (r=0,225; p=0,042), tidak terdapat korelasi resitin dengan PCT (r=0,114; p=0,193), serta terdapat korelasi positif sedang antara CRP dengan PCT (r=0,442; p<0,001).Kesimpulan. Penggunaan resistin sebagai penanda sepsis pada anak-anak harus dikonfirmasi lebih lanjut dengan penelitian lain.
Optic neuritis and multiple cranial neuropathies in patient with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Authors: Bae Min-Jeong , Lee Joonwon , Eun Jeong Ik , Shin Kyong Jin
Published: November 2022

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is a chronic recurrent acquired immune-mediated disease of the peripheral nerves that presents with progressive sensory and motor deficits in all four limbs. Cranial nerve involvement is not as common as in Guillain-Barre syndrome, and central nervous system involvement including optic neuritis has rarely been reported in patients with CIDP. We recently experienced a case with classic CIDP involving bilateral facial and trigeminal nerves, right lower cranial nerves, and the right optic nerve.
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome associated with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Hwang Sean , Ha Jangwan , Choi Min Young , Jung Seunguk
Published: November 2022

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) are relatively uncommon neurological disorders. These two independent syndromes can be concurrent as a part of a continuum process; however, the specific mechanism is not well known. Although the relationship between RCVS and PRES is currently unclear, they could share a common pathophysiology. This case report aimed to determine the pathophysiology underlying the co-occurrence of PRES and RCVS in a patient with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma presenting as transverse myelitis
Authors: Zukhriddin Urchiyev , Kang Jin-Ju , Jeong Myoung-Ja , Oh Sun-Young
Published: November 2022

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Although progressive lymphadenopathy is a typical feature, extranodal involvement may also occur, including the gastrointestinal tract, skin, bone, thyroid, and testes. Central nervous system invasion is rare, so differentiating it from diseases such as inflammatory demyelinating disorder or infection is essential. DLBCL is therefore a challenge to diagnose, especially when the first findings are neurological symptoms. We report an unusual case of DLBCL that presented as transverse myelitis.
A case of idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis presented with seizures
Authors: Kim Minju , Kim Joong-Goo , Kang Chul-Hoo , Kim Hong Jun , Kang Sa-Yoon , Oh Jung-Hwan
Published: November 2022

Idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis (IHP) is a rare disease involving localized inflammatory thickening of the intracranial or spinal dura mater without an identified cause. Seizure is a very unusual presentation of IHP. We present a 58-year-old-female patient with seizures caused by IHP. This case indicates that although IHP is rare, it has the potential to cause seizures.