bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implication of Father’s Education on Child Labor in District Multan
Authors: Qamar ul Nisa  , Dr. Asma Islam  , Ghulam Mohy Ud Din
Published: February 2025

Child labour continues to be a prevalent issue in many societies around the world, with millions of children forced to work in dangerous and exploitative conditions. There are various factors that contribute to the prevalence of child labour, including poverty, lack of access to education, and societal norms that perpetuate the idea that children should work to support their families. The implications of child labour on society are far-reaching and profoundly negative. Children who are forced to work at a young age miss out on important opportunities for education and overall development. This can perpetuate the cycle of poverty, as these children are often unable to break out of the cycle and improve their circumstances in life. Additionally, child labour can have long-term physical and mental health consequences for children, as they are often exposed to dangerous working conditions and are vulnerable to exploitation and abuse. Furthermore, the prevalence of child labour can have broader societal implications, such as perpetuating income inequality and undermining the overall social and economic development of a country. Children who are forced to work are denied the opportunity to reach their full potential, which can have a negative impact on the future workforce and overall productivity of a nation. Efforts to combat child labour must be comprehensive and multi-faceted, addressing the root causes of the issue and providing support to families and communities in need. Governments, non-governmental organizations, and international bodies must work together to enforce laws and regulations that prohibit child labour, while also implementing programs that provide education and support to vulnerable children and families.In conclusion, child labour is a complex issue that requires a concerted effort from all sectors of society to address. The implications of child labour on society are profound and far-reaching, and it is crucial that we work together to eradicate this harmful practice and ensure that all children have the opportunity to reach their full potential and lead fulfilling lives.
Keywords- Implication of Father’s Education, Child Labor, District Multan
(Evolution of Urdu Language: An Evidence from Literary Review - Research and Critical Analysis)
Authors: Dr. Asad Mahmood Khan
Published: February 2025

This dissertation examines the historical evolution of Urdu, starting from its roots and influencing as a separate and unique language. This study seeks to gain a thorough understanding of the development of Urdu and its importance in the Indian subcontinent by carefully analyzing historical and linguistic facts. The ramifications of our findings extend to language and cultural studies, enriching our grasp of the intricate history and cultural heritage of the region. This study paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the social and linguistic evolution of Urdu, from its inception to its present state. It aims to encompass all facets of the language. We have also considered the viewpoints of language development experts.
Key Words: Historical Evolution, Roots and Influence, Social and Linguistic, Development.
An Overview of Human Rights in Pakistan in Context of Un Charter
Authors: Tabiullah  , Dr. Ibrar Hussain  , Dr. Muhammad Naveed Ul Hasan Shah
Published: February 2025

10 December 1948 a day reflected ray of hopes among people after barbaric hiatus of slavery, colonialism, persecution- genocide and exploitation followed by equally devastating World Wars.  Every year, the tenth of December provides an opportunity to humans across the globe to renew the pledge of protecting human rights by upholding the narrative of equality – irrespective of caste, religion, ethnicity, color and race. In the United Nations’ offing days Pakistan used to be the Champion of the Human Rights cause. Contemporary situation, incontrovertible, is far from being a utopia dreamed by the forefathers of Pakistan. As albeit elitists iterates that the menace of poor Human Rights affects almost every section of society, likewise its impacts on the lives of people are grave that inflicts deep scars to the souls of common citizens. The manifestation of such scares include shackling of women, persecution of minorities, constitutional religious biases, lack of education and civic provision, and shrinking space of freedom of opinion coupled with compromised justice dispensation. All the governments would be democratic and dictatorial pledge one slogan of human rights. However, on the ground level, things are much worse. Though, the current situation of human rights documented in UNHR is not up to mark. Yet, with continuous legislation, empowerment of women and digitization can change the daunting picture to a peaceful future.
Keywords: Human Rights, Pakistan, UN Charter, Legislation, Women Empowerment
Stereotypical Representation of a Woman: A Study of a Thousand Splendid Suns by Khalid Hosseini
Authors: Nabeela Gul*  , Shahid Iqbal
Published: February 2025

The current study is to investigate how Afghan women are socially and religiously excluded and repressed. It also demonstrates how resilient women can be in the face of abuse and how their repressed bodies can empower other women. The text of Khalid Hosseini's book A Thousand Splendid Suns (2007) serves as the primary source of research data. Additionally, it was gathered from secondary sources such as reviews and articles that are listed in the reference list. Using content analysis, the chosen text is examined within the theoretical context of Spivak's (1988) notion of subaltern.The study breaks down the battles fought by oppressed women to survive and break free from the crushing bonds of violence and repression. As the underclass, Nana, Mariam, and Laila are aware of the concept of "endurance" despite their poor living circumstances. They demonstrate their level of resistance before banding together to oppose societal prominence.Mariam, the harami, gives her life in order to protect Laila, and Laila goes on to become the voice of her generation, one that will speak up against the mindset of the underclass. This study provides a "Yes" response to the question "Can the subaltern speak?" by utilizing Spivak's idea of subaltern. It sends a message that subaltern groups will cease to exist if they band together and resist unfair norms; this will also apply to academics and researchers.Because it examines literature that tells the stories of practically every household and location on Earth, the study stands out. Even with advancements in women's rights, the feminine gender remains subjugated. It also exposes the practices of forced or child marriages, gender-biased educational systems, the legal system, and gender inequity.
Keywords: Endurance, Marginalization, Patriarchal Society, Subaltern, Violence.
The Practical Situation of Inheritance Rights of Women Living in Rural Areas of Peshawar
Authors: Ms. Shazia Begum  , Dr. Naseem Akhter⁕
Published: February 2025

The objective of the research review of the practical situation of women's inheritance rights in rural areas is to study the practical problems and challenges of these women's inheritance rights. This study analyzes the legal aspects of inheritance rights, social customs, and obstacles faced by women in achieving inheritance rights. During the research, interviews were conducted with women living in different rural areas, through which it was found that many women are deprived of their inheritance rights. Reasons for this include legal ignorance, societal pressures, and cultural traditions that deprive women of their legitimate rights. Furthermore, this research also highlights the impact of granting or denying inheritance rights on the socio-economic status of women. The results of the research show that despite the inheritance laws, women face serious difficulties in achieving their rights on a practical level. In this regard, the need for social awareness raising, legal assistance, and change in cultural attitudes is emphasized in order to provide women with their legitimate rights.
Keywords: Women's inheritance, socio-economic status, societal pressures
Contextualizing Amir’s Journey towards Individuation in Khaled Hossieni’s The Kite Runner: A Jungian Interpretation
Authors: Seema Rehman  , Salman Hamid Khan  , Samina Akhtar*
Published: February 2025

This study aims to analyze Khaled Hosseini’s novel The Kite Runner from a Jungian perspective, which focuses on the dual aspects of human personality. By adopting this viewpoint, the novel sheds light on several pressing social issues, such as sectarian violence and ethnic superiority. These issues often compel individuals to blindly conform to societal expectations, disregarding the undeveloped aspects of their own personality. Rather than placing blame on others for our troubles and miseries, this study encourages self-evaluation as a means of personal growth and soul development. The study's key findings highlight how psychological imbalance and lopsidedness arise from the blocking of energy flow between the conscious and unconscious mind. The objective of this research is to emphasize the lifelong process of individuation, which aims to integrate the fragmented aspects of our personality and facilitate positive and productive change. Through textual analysis, the study examines the negative effects of an imbalanced personality, specifically shadow projection and the development of a strong persona. These analyses are conducted from both psychological and Jungian perspectives.
Keywords: The Kite Runner, Individuation, Shadow Projection, Transformation, Lopsidedness
The Growing Influence of Authoritarianism: A Challenge to Democracy Worldwide
Authors: Fizza Ali Janjua  , Maryam Iftikhar  , Mahak Fatima Durrani  , Muhammad Noaman Yousaf
Published: February 2025

In recent years, authoritarianism has become increasingly popular in the world, challenging the democratic foundations and values. This article aims at analyzing the global tendency toward authoritarianism, at the same time referring to the cases of democratic regression in Hungary, Turkey, and Venezuela. The discussion explores the rationale of such dynamics, which include economic divide, political divide, social divide, technological divide, and globalization divide. Through analyzing various types of authoritarianism, from electoral one to the mixed ones, the article enlightens the reader about the ways such systems undermine the principles of democracy. The article goes on to expand on the effects of authoritarianism to democracy, which are the fading of free elections, freedom of speech, and independent judiciaries. It looks at how authoritarian leaders seek to strengthen their control by controlling the media and quelling protests, on how disinformation and foreign meddlers have influenced a nation’s election. As a result, the article analyzes the efficacy of international organisations and coalitions countering authoritarianism and underlines the necessity to promote democratisation and appreciate civil society within autocratic states. The article ends with a discussion on the future of democracy to stress the necessity of developing strong measures to support the strengthening of authoritative institutions and enhance people’s activity and awareness of the importance of democratic principles.
Key words:  Authoritarianism, Democracy, civic engagement, technology, globalization
A Critical Rview of Amina Wadud's Objections Regarding Prophethood
Authors: Dr. Maryam Noreen  , Dr. Mufti Muhammad Iltimas Khan  , Dr. Mufti Kifayat Ullah
Published: February 2025

Allah Almighty created humanity and appointed it as His vicegerent on Earth. Following this, the Prophecy was released, and at designated times, Allah's chosen prophets to send on Earth with His message. This series of Prophethood concluded with the Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), after him no Prophet or Messenger will come. In Islamic thought, the topic of Prophethood have always been of utmost importance, particularly concerning whether women can be appointed to these exalted positions. In this regard, Amina Wadud, a renowned as feminist theologist, has raised several objections regarding the exclusion of women from these roles. According to her, Islamic tradition has deprived women of these positions, which she argues reflects gender-based inequality. The purpose of this article is to seek a balanced perspective based on a correct understanding of Islamic teachings and to critically examine Amina Wadud's views in an academic context. The central question of this article is whether women can be appointed to the exalted positions of Prophethood Amina Wadud's objections are analyzed in the light Quran & Sunnah.
Keywords: Amina Wadud, Feminist Theology, Prophethood, Gender equality, Islamic teachings
Contemporary Human Rights Issues in Conflict Zones, War Crimes, and Displacement
Authors: Zainab Mohsin  , Dr. Alamgir Khan  , Asima Ashraf  , Maida Rehman
Published: February 2025

This article discusses the critical challenges of human rights abuses in current conflict contexts; the harm to civilians and the failures of response. Some of the human rights issues that are of major concern include; the attack on innocent lives, the refusal or inability to provide aid to civilians, and the destruction of civilian property such as; schools and hospitals. The article also highlights the issues of interaction between IHL and human rights law stating that both of them are designed to protect individuals, but their application in the conflict zone is problematic, especially when non-state actors are involved and the modern warfare is characterized by asymmetry. In addition, the article highlights the accountability and justice, by trying to emphasize this by using some laws such as International Criminal Court (ICC) and Adhoc tribunal that deal with crimes of war and genocide. Still, justice for victims continues to be a complex issue, which is accompanied by political interferences, lack of funds, and problems with the implementation of international court decisions. The article also brings in the voices of different stakeholders such as humanitarian agencies, human rights activists and the victims themselves in order to get a holistic view of the current human rights violations in the conflict areas. To this end, it urges stepped up international commitment to these violations, which demands the reinforcement of legal measures, liability of the culprits, as well as the safeguarding of, and assistance to, the victims of conflict. This is the only effective strategy that can help avoid the continuation of violence and guarantee a sustainable security in the regions.
Keywords: Human Rights, International Law, Conflict Zones, War Crimes, Displacement
The Mediating Role of Dissociation in the Relationship Between Alexithymia and Symptom Severity in Patients with Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Gündoğmuş İbrahim , Varlı Mehmet Rıdvan , Ünver Hasan , Özcan Çetin Kübra , Şafak Yasir
Published: February 2025

Background: This study aimed to reveal the complex relationship between symptom severity, dissociation, and alexithymia in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It also focuses on whether dissociative symptoms mediate the link between alexithymia and PTSD symptom severity.
Methods: The study included 85 patients who were referred to a psychiatric clinic and diagnosed with PTSD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 diagnostic criteria. Participants were assessed using the sociodemographic data form, the Event Impact Scale-Revised (IES-R), the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20).
Results: The mean age of 85 PTSD patients included in the study was 31.90 years and 69.4% (n=59) were female. According to the TAS-20 scale of the participants; 62.4% (n=53) were alexithymic and 37.6% (n=32) were non-alexithymic.  The two groups had no statistically significant difference in sociodemographic variables (p>0.05). A statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in DES (p=0.004) and TAS (p<0.001). A positive statistically significant correlation was found between DES and TAS (r=0.341), IES-R Hyperarousal (r=0.492), and IES-R Total (r=0.344) scores. The mediating function of DES in the interaction between TAS-20 and IES-R was assessed. DES is the mediator variable for the effect of TAS-20 on IES-R (β= 0.15,1 z=2.372, p=0.018).
Conclusion: The study underscores the importance of dissociation as a mediating factor between alexithymia and PTSD. Addressing dissociative symptoms in therapeutic interventions may improve treatment outcomes for PTSD patients, particularly those exhibiting alexithymic traits. Future research should explore longitudinal relationships and broader samples to validate these findings.
Keywords: Alexithymia, Dissociation, Mediation, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Trauma.
Battle Shapes: A Gamified Approach to Enhancing Metacognitive Skills Through Interactive Mobile Gaming
Authors: Pajarillo Brian Steven , Golez Zeny Ann , Evangelista Dave
Published: February 2025

Mobile games have been shown to develop the metacognitive skills of players as they immerse in challenging interactive scenarios. With the growing significance of gamified learning in cognitive growth, there is a need to explore innovative game ideas that promotes skills improvement through entertainment. Hence, this study proposes Battle Shapes, a 2D mobile game that combines traditional gaming elements with cognitive exercises to promote entertainment and skills development and improve metacognitive skills through an interactive experience. The game has a dynamic environment and offers unlockable characters, arena skins, and achievement-based progression. Unlike many mobile games, a unique aspect of the game is the gyroscope-controlled system that introduces a physical exercise schematic. Battle Shapes was developed using the Unity3D game engine following the Agile methodology. It offers three battle environments, including Void, Forest, and Desert, each with unique obstacles to promote engagement. Thirty gamers were recruited to assess the game and its mechanics. This assessment yielded positive mean scores ranging from 4.38 to 4.66 among four key measures: game design, user engagement, interactivity, and usability. These imply that Battle Shapes has effectively achieved its goal of combining cognitive skills improvement and entertainment while ensuring an optimized and immersive gaming experience.
Applications of Digital Twin Technology in Precision Farming (2017-2023): Insights and Sector-Specific Trends
Authors: De Loyola Rhyan , Escototo Edreian , Espigol Michelle , De Paula Jr. Eddie
Published: February 2025

Although there is an increasing interest in using digital twin technology (DTT) to improve agricultural practices, a holistic understanding of its cross-sectoral applications is limited. This lack of a holistic perspective is a critical gap that must be addressed for effective implementation and knowledge transfer. To address the gap, a meta-analysis of 24 peer-reviewed articles (2017-2023) was conducted to explore the applications, impact, and potential of DTT in various agricultural sectors. A systematic search was conducted in Lens, ProQuest, and ScienceDirect, focusing on crop production, aquaculture, and animal husbandry. The findings show that research focuses mostly on crop production with notable applications in robotics, artificial intelligence, and advanced sensor integration. On the other hand, research on the application of DTT in the forestry, livestock, and dairy sectors is scarce; thus, there is a need for further research in these areas. This study highlights the revolutionary role of DTT in enhancing agricultural sustainability and managing risks and recommends increased interdisciplinary cooperation to extend its usage in all agricultural sectors.
AuXfarm: An Online Auction Platform for Enhancing Agricultural Trade and Reducing Food Waste
Authors: Columida Nahdem , Alentahan Christine , Meñez Jaymar , Agabon Javen , Egido Raphael
Published: February 2025

Across the globe, food waste threatens food security, economic stability, and environmental sustainability. The agricultural sector of developing countries, including the Philippines, is being challenged by the high percentage of food wastes due to issues with the efficient distribution of produce. To solve this problem, this study proposed AuXfarm, a web-based auction platform designed to support farmers in selling their “cull” produce, help reduce food waste, and improve agricultural productivity. Adopting an Agile Scrum methodology, AuXfarm was developed through iterative rounds of feedback to ensure the system remains dynamic and user-friendly. It provides a broad spectrum of functionalities for farmers, buyers (i.e., bidders), and administrators. The usability assessment involving 30 end users yielded positive results: the system is very useful and has high interface and information quality. These results show that AuXfarm can help farmers market their products better, minimize dependence on middlemen, and establish a more transparent, competitive pricing structure.
The Influence of Emotional Regulation on Tendencies Suicide In Early Adulthood In East Jakarta
Authors: Putri Tanya Septiani
Published: February 2025

This research aims to determine the influence of emotional regulation on suicidal tendencies in young adults in East Jakarta. Early adulthood as a period of self-realization, becoming parents, resolving conflicts and emotional tension, social isolation, attachment and dependency, shifting values, creativity, and adopting new ways of living. Adulthood in particular is a period of growth rapidly, but also a time full of conflict. According to Lumen Learning, conflict and crisis in early adulthood can take the form of feelings burdened with new responsibilities, worries about the future, and division of time between oneself and peers. People who experience difficulty regulating negative or suggestive emotional responses inappropriate emotional responses to certain situations Glatz and Roemer, and unable to recognize, control, and adapt with signs of emotional regulation difficulties. Emotional dysregulation resulting in difficulty controlling maladaptive emotions and behavior or behavior that causes an individual Difficulty in self-regulation is one of the contributing factors physical violence. Emotion regulation is the ability to manage, identify and manage emotions effectively. This involves self-awareness of emotions, an understanding of the factors that trigger emotions, and the skills to manage emotional responses in healthy and productive ways. This research is a quantitative research with research subjects as many as 196 early adults in East Jakarta. Data collection in this study used the Emotion Regulation (ERQ) Questionnaire and Scale for Suicide Ideation measuring instruments. This research uses a simple linear regression data analysis technique to determine the influence of the two variables and is processed using SPSS version 26. Based on the results of data analysis, an F value of 925.630 is obtained with a significance of 0.000 and a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.838, which shows that emotional regulation has an effect on trend. suicide was 83.8%.
Persepsi Masyarakat Mengenai Program Penurunan Stunting Di Desa Brunorejo Kabupaten Purworejo
Authors: Lathiefah Lathiefah
Published: February 2025

Stunting merupakan salah satu masalah gizi yang saat ini menjadi prioritas di Indonesia. Pemerintah Kabupaten Purworejo turut serta dalam upaya menurunkan angka prevalensi stunting melalui intervensi gizi spesifik dan sensitif yang berpedoman pada Peraturan Presiden No.72 Tahun 2021 tentang percepatan penurunan stunting. Namun pada kenyataannya data stunting di Kabupaten Purworejo berdasarkan buku saku hasil SSGI tahun 2022, angka stunting naik dari 15,7% pada tahun 2021 menjadi 21,3% pada tahun 2022. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah masyarakat Desa Brunorejo, Kecamatan Bruno, Kabupaten Purworejo. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah persepsi masyarakat Desa Brunorejo mengenai program penurunan stunting kurang baik. Hal ini dikarenakan kurangnya pemahaman dan kesadaran masyarakat mengenai stunting dan program penurunan stunting. Selain itu, program penurunan stunting dinilai kurang efektif karena tidak menunjukkan perubahan pada status gizi anak dan perilaku pola makan serta jenis makanan yang dikonsumsi.
Research on the Development Path of Traditional Festival Folklore and Traditional Chinese Medicine Cultural Resources from the Perspective of Cross-Cultural Communication
Authors: Mei ZHANG  , Jing WANG
Published: February 2025

The breadth and depth of cross-cultural communication in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) depend on the establishment of behavioral systems, the construction of TCM’s material image, and the emotional connection with the general public. Disseminating core Chinese philosophical ideas, such as holism and system theory, along with relevant TCM terminology overseas, requires both top-down institutional frameworks and bottom-up strategies that subtly enhance foreign markets’ understanding and acceptance of TCM culture through the promotion of folk activities and folklore. This bottom-up approach helps establish a strong consumer foundation for the TCM cultural industry. Both traditional festival folklore and TCM culture are deeply rooted in the fertile soil of traditional Chinese culture and serve as interpretations of life, health, and disease. By leveraging traditional festival folklore to expand and structure the TCM cultural industry chain, exploring TCM’s unique resources, developing diverse communication media, and fostering cross-cultural communication and integration, the global dissemination of TCM can achieve greater breadth and depth.
Pelatihan Pola Zero Waste Untuk Mengurangi Limbah Kain
Authors: Romadhona Chusna Tsani
Published: February 2025

Early The fashion industry in Indonesia is one of the contributors to fabric waste which is difficult to handle, requires special handling so that fabric waste can decompose or become a multi-purpose product. The Zero Waste pattern is a technique in making clothing patterns that places the pattern effectively without leaving fabric residue. The Zero Waste pattern can be used in making clothes and trousers so it is effective in reducing fabric waste. The target of this training is class 2 and class 3 Fashion Design Vocational School students who are taking pattern subjects. This training aims to provide additional knowledge to students in the field of fashion pattern making. This training is expected to be able to add new experiences so as to improve the skills and competencies of Fashion Design students. The method used is to provide insight and training in Zero Waste pattern making to vocational school students. This training produces trousers products using the Zero Waste pattern. Pants products with the Zero Waste pattern can become a trend for contemporary young people and leave no waste.
Pelatihan Keterampilan Usaha Produktif Bidang Jahit Dasar Pembuatan Blus Pada Busana Casual di Balatkop
Authors: Ariyana Damayanti
Published: February 2025

Mentoring training can be chosen as an alternative because of the large number of fashion industries in Central Java and business opportunities in the fashion sector, considering that clothing is a basic human need. So the opportunity to get a job in this field is very high. The training that will be given is making casual clothing consisting of a top in the form of a blouse and a bottom in the form of a skirt. The technique for making casual clothing, the process begins with taking correct body measurements, making basic patterns for the front and back of the body, both skirts and blouses, breaking up the pattern according to the design, process cutting material, sewing process and finishing process. It is this series of manufacturing processes that will produce good quality clothing, so that later with this skill, people can further develop it as initial capital in opening a business in the field of clothing sewing. This training aims to provide additional knowledge to participants in the field of clothing making. This training is expected to be able to add new experiences so as to improve the skills and competencies of participants. The methods used include the interactive method, demonstration method, and question and answer method. This training produces casual clothing and participants can master the process of measuring clothing, pattern making and clothing sewing techniques
Pendampingan Projek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila (P5) Melalui Kegiatan Gebyar Seni di SDN 2 Kaloran
Authors: Fatimah Azzahra  , Salis Irvan Fuadi  , Mala Nafisah  , Roudhotul Ma’rifah  , Laila Zulfa Fadila  , Arum Dewi Jayanti  , Mohamad Misbahudin  , Dina Ratih Febrianti
Published: February 2025

The Gelar Karya and Gebyar Seni activities at SDN 2 Kaloran are part of the school's efforts to develop the Pancasila learner profile through the arts. This research shows that the activities successfully foster values such as gotong royong, creativity and tolerance in students. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach. The results show that this activity successfully instills the values of gotong royong, creativity, and tolerance through the active participation of students, teachers, and the community. In addition, Gebyar Seni supports multicultural education that is inclusive and based on local culture. This article discusses the implementation of the activity, its impact on students, and the synergy between school and community in supporting character development and creativity.
Del presupuesto por programas al management estratégico del gasto público: nuevo papel del Ministerio de Hacienda
Authors:   Instituto Europeo de Administración Pública (IEAP), Zapico-Goñi Eduardo
Published: February 2025

En este trabajo se describe y analiza en primer lugar los ajustes macro presupuestarios las reformas en la gestión financiera que en la última década han pretendido potenciar la postura dominante de los Ministerios de Hacienda en Europa. Posteriormente se cuestiona el alcance de dichas reformas y se plantea la necesidad de un nuevo marco teórico para mejorar la capacidad de adaptación de la gestión financiera al contexto presupuestario en el que se desarrolla. En último lugar se proponen y analizan nuevas líneas de actuación para que el Ministerio de Hacienda ejerza un papel de liderazgo estratégico presupuestario que supere las limitaciones de la presupuestación por programas para responder a situaciones de incertidumbre e inestabilidad.
La financiación de la vivienda en la década de los 90. Posibles tendencias
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Levenfeld Gustavo
Published: February 2025

El cambio drástico de la financiación de la vivienda en los 80 se caracteriza por la incorporación de la banca comercial, aumentando la competencia. Las condiciones creditícias han mejorado sensiblemente mediante el incremento de la relación préstamolvalor, fundamentalmente. La década de los 90 puede ser testigo del desarrollo de la titulación si se extiende el reciente ejemplo francés de la creación de un Fondo de Garantía de Préstamos, con la garantía del Estado, pieza básica, ausente en la titulación europea. Nuevos sistemas de amortización pueden mejorar el tanto de esfuerzo familiar en la devolución de los créditos.
Rigideces estructurales en los mercados de trabajo y de bienes y servicios
Authors:   Banco Bilbao Vizcaya, Arriaga Juan Manuel
Published: February 2025

La adaptación de las estructuras productivas de los estados industrializados a los acelerados cambios tecnológicos y el creciente entomo competitivo resulta insuficiente en muchos casos. De ahí la necesidad de seguir aplicando reformas estructurales a lo largo de los noventa, a fin de ir eliminando, o reduciendo como mínimo, aquellas rigideces existentes en los mercados de trabajo y de bienes y servicios que impiden una mayor racionalízación y competitividad económicas: Formas de negociación colectiva, modalidades contractuales, restricciones a la movilidad... en el mercado laboral; restricciones para el libre acceso al mercado, competencia insuficiente en la oferta... , en los mercados de bienes y servicios.
Políticas y reformas del mercado de trabajo en Australia y Nueva Zelanda: dos caminos opuestos
Authors:   Griffith University, Brosnan Peter , Burgess John ,   Griffith University, Rea David ,   Griffith University
Published: February 2025

En este artículo se analizan las reformas del mercado de trabajo emprendidas en Australia y Nueva Zelanda a lo largo de los ochenta y se evalúan los resultados que se han derivado de los distintos enfoques adoptados en ambos países. Un enfoque centrado en la negociación en el caso de la política corporatívista australiana, frente a una política de liberalízación del mercado impuesta por el gobierno en Nueva Zelanda.
La SPRI en los años ochenta: análisis de una experiencia
Authors:   Universidad del País Vasco, Echevarría Miguel Mª Carmen
Published: February 2025

En el contexto de ca mbio que está viviendo la política industrial de carácter espacial en los últimos años, las agencias, institutos o sociedades de desarrollo regional administradas por las Comunidades Autónomas han aparecido como un emergente instrumento de gestión de la nueva política industrial regional basada en la movilización del potencial endógeno. En este marco, el artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el papel de la SPRI, a lo largo de la década de los ochenta, como nuevo instrumento de acción regional.
Algunos rasgos básicos del sector bancario
Authors:   Caja Laboral, Emaldi Jon
Published: February 2025

El origen de la crisis bancaria es conocido, la presión competitiva estatal e internacional, y como consecuencia la necesaria adaptacíon al hecho de dejar de ser un mercado clara mente olígopolístico y sometido a una competencia limitada en precios y en productos. La dimensión de la crisis bancaria es más difícil de precisar, y la comparacion con la de otros sectores es difícil, pero si las crisis las medimos exclusivamente por el importe de los fondos invertidos para corregirlas, seguramente la bancaria tiene una mayor incidencia económica directa que la crisis siderúrgica. El objeto de este trabajo es dar una visión del sector bancario vasco muy cercana al mercado, en claves de competitivídad, de modo que se puedan deducir algunas ideas para interpretar esas crisis y el diferente comportamiento de unas Entidades respecto a otras. La intención no es tanto dar una interpretación propia como compartir algunas cifras que permitan al lector sacar sus propias consecuencias.
Deuda pública de Euskadi
Authors:   Bolsa de Bilbao, Garmendia Iribar Agustín
Published: February 2025

La Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco ha desarrollado en su reciente historia una activa política de endeudamiento basada en la apelación directa a los mercados de valores. A la vista de ello, parece de interés hacer un análisis de lo que ha significado hasta la fecha la Deuda Pública de Euskadi, y reflexionar sobre todo aquello que puede incidir en su evolución futura. Este análisis se realiza desde una doble óptica, la del mercado primario y la del mercado secundario. Desde la óptica del mercado primario, la descripción de las emisiones se complementa con una serie de consideraciones sobre el nivel de endeudamiento y de la evolución dela carga financiera. Desde la óptica del mercado secundario el artículo se centra en el sistema de anotaciones en cuenta S.A.C. y en el servicio de contrapartida que ha dispuesto el Gobierno Vasco para la Deuda Pública de Euskadi, para finalizar con una reflexión sobre las posibles mejoras a introducir en este mercado.
DESENVOLVIMENTO MOTOR INFANTIL E O TESTE DE DESEMPENHO MOTOR INFANTIL (TIMP): UMA REVISÃO SOBRE AVALIAÇÃO PRECOCE E CONTEXTOS DE RISCO
Authors: Chiquetti Eloá Maria Dos Santos , Valentini Nadia Cristina
Published: February 2025

The survival rate of newborns with perinatal complications has increased due to advancements in medical care and technology. As a result, there has been a rise in neurobehavioral disorders among these infants. Early diagnosis is crucial, given the brain's intense neural plasticity during the first few years of life, which facilitates early intervention and optimizes outcomes. Identifying these disorders relies on the use of reliable, validated scales that have demonstrated sensitivity and specificity. This narrative review aims to discuss several key areas: the theoretical framework regarding the evolution of infant motor development, the importance of contextual factors for development during the first year of life, the characteristics of at-risk infants, and the instruments used to assess motor development in both preterm and full-term infants during the first months of life. Additionally, this review examines the description and validity of the Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP) in both Brazil and worldwide. Method: An online search was conducted in the Medline, LILACS, Google Scholar, PubMed, and SciELO databases from January 2024 to January 2025. The search included 145 articles, 13 books, and three official government documents. This review covers the following topics: (1) The origin and evolution of infant motor development; (2) The importance of context for development; (3) The characteristics of preterm infants; (4) Instruments for assessing motor development in preterm and full-term infants during the first months of life; e (5) The Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP). Conclusions: This review emphasizes the importance of early and accurate assessment of motor development in children. Understanding motor development milestones and the factors that may influence them—such as care conditions, environmental stimulation, and cultural practices—is essential. In this context, the use of validated and reliable assessment tools is crucial for the early detection of developmental delays, enabling more effective and timely interventions.
Fitorreguladores y Microorganismos Eficientes Autóctonos en la Calidad Fisiológica de Semillas de Pimiento (Capsicum annuum)
Authors: Martínez-Sotelo María Cristina
Published: February 2025

Justificación: las semillas de pimiento son el punto de partida para la producción agrícola, y su calidad es un factor determinante para el éxito del cultivo. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de fitorreguladores y microorganismos eficientes autóctonos sobre la calidad fisiológica de semillas de pimiento (Capsicum annuum). Metodología: diseño completamente aleatorizado con arreglo factorial 2 × 4, evaluando dos tiempos de remojo (2 y 4 horas) y cuatro dosis de fitorreguladores (2,5 cc de citoquinina L⁻¹ de agua, 2,5 cc de citoquinina L⁻¹ de agua + 5,0 cc de EMA’s L⁻¹ de agua, 5,0 cc de giberelina L⁻¹ de agua, 5,0 cc de giberelina L⁻¹ de agua + 5,0 cc de EMA’s L⁻¹ de agua). Se utilizaron ocho tratamientos con tres réplicas cada uno. Se evaluó el índice de velocidad y porcentaje de germinación, así como índice de velocidad y porcentaje de emergencia. Resultados: las semillas tratadas con giberelina durante 4 horas fueron las más rápidas en germinar, seguidas por el tratamiento de 2 horas. Ambos tratamientos, lograron mayores porcentajes de germinación. La combinación de giberelina con EMA’s durante 4 horas alcanzó el mayor índice de velocidad de emergencia, seguida por la combinación a 2 horas. En todos los casos, los tratamientos con giberelina mejoraron la emergencia de las semillas. Conclusión: aunque la giberelina fue la más rápida para la germinación, la combinado con EMA’s fue más eficaz para mejorar la emergencia, lo que sugiere que ambos tratamientos tienen efectos complementarios en diferentes fases del proceso de desarrollo de la semilla.
Estrategias de Aprendizaje y Autorregulación en Estudiantes Universitarios de Nuevo Ingreso
Authors: Ordóñez-Calle Johanna Patricia
Published: February 2025

Justificación: la capacidad de los estudiantes para enfrentar los desafíos académicos, sociales y emocionales en la educación superior influye directamente en su éxito académico y adaptación a este nuevo entorno. Objetivo: evaluar las estrategias de aprendizaje y autorregulación motivacional en estudiantes universitarios de nuevo ingreso de una universidad privada en la zona 7 de Ecuador. Metodología: diseño no experimental, enfoque cuantitativo, alcance descriptivo y corte transversal. La muestra consistió en 366 estudiantes (59,6% mujeres con una edad media de 19 años), seleccionados mediante muestreo no probabilístico. Se aplicó el Cuestionario de Estrategias y Motivación para el Estudio Universitario (CEMEU). Resultados: los estudiantes emplean principalmente estrategias de elaboración cognitiva y comunicativa en su proceso de aprendizaje, destacándose la habilidad para integrar nuevos conocimientos con los previamente adquiridos. Sin embargo, se observó que la planificación y revisión de los procesos cognitivos, especialmente en la preparación para los exámenes, no son prácticas generalizadas. En términos de autorregulación motivacional, los estudiantes presentan un alto sentido de autoeficacia y motivación intrínseca hacia su carrera, pero las puntuaciones bajas en concentración sugieren la presencia de distracciones que pueden interferir en su desempeño académico. Conclusión: se destaca la importancia de fortalecer las estrategias de revisión, mejorar la concentración y proporcionar apoyo emocional para facilitar el aprendizaje efectivo y el bienestar de los estudiantes.
Humus de Lombriz Roja Californiana (Eisenia fetida) a Partir de la Combinación de Residuos Orgánicos
Authors: De-la-Cruz Chicaiza Marco Vinicio
Published: February 2025

Justificación: la producción de humus de lombriz es una alternativa sostenible para el manejo de desechos y la mejora de suelos agrícolas. Sin embargo, la calidad y composición del humus varían según la naturaleza de los residuos utilizados. Objetivo: evaluar la combinación de diferentes residuos orgánicos con estiércol de ganado vacuno en la producción de humus utilizando Eisenia fetida. Metodología: se empleó un diseño experimental completamente al azar con cinco tratamientos y tres repeticiones. Los tratamientos consistieron en: T1, cáscara de cacao y estiércol (50% cada uno); T2, raquis de plátano y estiércol (50% cada uno); T3, pollinaza y estiércol (50% cada uno); T4, residuo de mercado y estiércol (50% cada uno); y T5, estiércol de ganado vacuno (100%). Se evaluaron los parámetros: peso y longitud de las lombrices, densidad poblacional, cantidad de humus producido y composición química. Resultados: el tipo de sustrato influye principalmente en el peso de Eisenia fetida. No se observaron diferencias significativas en la densidad de lombrices, ni en la cantidad y calidad del humus entre los tratamientos. El estiércol vacuno actuó como base nutritiva estable, proporcionando condiciones óptimas para la actividad de Eisenia fetida. Conclusión: la combinación de residuos orgánicos con estiércol de ganado vacuno permite obtener humus de calidad uniforme, lo que demuestra la flexibilidad de Eisenia fetida para adaptarse a distintos sustratos.
Adaptación a la Vida Universitaria en Estudiantes de Primer Semestre de Entornos Rurales
Authors: Giler-Zambrano Ruth María
Published: February 2025

Justificación: la adaptación a la vida universitaria es fundamental para el éxito académico y personal de los estudiantes, especialmente en sus primeras etapas, ya que puede influir en su rendimiento y bienestar general. Objetivo: evaluar el grado de adaptación a la universidad en estudiantes de primer semestre provenientes de entornos rurales de una universidad pública en la zona 4 de Ecuador. Metodología: estudio no experimental, cuantitativo, descriptivo y de corte transversal, con una muestra de 650 estudiantes (36% mujeres y 64% hombres), con una edad promedio de 22,23 años. Se empleó el cuestionario de adaptación a la universidad SACQ-E para evaluar cuatro dimensiones: adaptación académica, social, institucional y personal-emocional. Resultados: el 56,9% de los estudiantes mostró un nivel moderado de adaptación general, mientras que un 40% se adaptó a un nivel alto y un 3,1% presentó una adaptación baja. En adaptación académica, el 63,1% se situó en el nivel medio, con un 33,8% en un nivel alto. Para la adaptación social, el 60% mostró una adaptación media y el 32,3% alta. Sin embargo, en la adaptación personal-emocional, el 32,3% presentó dificultades significativas, ubicándose en el nivel bajo. Conclusión: aborda los aspectos emocionales podría ser clave para mejorar la experiencia universitaria y facilitar un ajuste más completo a la vida académica.
Effects of a Sprint Post-Activation Performance Enhancement Stimulus on Discus Throw Performance in Collegiate Division I Throwers: A Pilot Study
Authors: Hulet Reagan , DeBeliso Mark , Lawrence Marcus M.
Published: February 2025

No study has determined the impact a sprinting potentiating stimulus has on discus throwing performance in collegiate throwers. To test the hypothesis, that compared to a dynamic warm-up alone (DyWU), a dynamic warm-up with a multi-set sprinting potentiating stimulus (DyWU+SPR) would enhance discus throw performance. 12 NCAA Division I thrower athletes (18-25 year) randomly completed two sessions separated by at least 48 hours. One session involved a standardized dynamic warm-up (DyWU) and the other session involved a DyWU with multiple sets of a sprinting post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) stimulus (DyWU+SPR), with both sessions followed by three trials of competition discus throws. A two-way ANOVA (warm-up x timepoint) with repeated measures was used for analyses, p < 0.05. There were no significant (p>0.05) differences between DyWU alone versus DyWU+SPR stimulus for discus throw distances at 8 min. (35.7±5.4 vs 35.0±5.5 meters, respectively; d = -0.12, trivial), 11 min. (34.8±4.5 vs 35.6±5.0 meters, respectively; d = 0.18, trivial), 14 min. (37.5±4.5 vs 36.7±4.9 meters, respectively; d = -0.19, trivial), or best throw attempt (36.2±5.1 vs 36.6±5.0 meters, respectively; d = 0.07, trivial). Within the parameters of this study, there were no differences in discus throw performance with DyWU+SPR compared to a DyWU alone in NCAA Division I throwers. Coaches, athletes, and practitioners should be aware that these results do not support the use of multiple sets of a sprinting PAPE stimulus beyond a dynamic warm-up alone to enhance discus throw performance in collegiate throwers.
Mpox : Are We Ready?
Authors: Ali MY
Published: February 2025

Mpox virus (formerly named as monkeypox virus),a zoonotic orthopox DNA virus related to the virusthat causes smallpox, was first described in humansin 1970 in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Thereare two distinct clades of the virus: clade I (withsubclades Ia and Ib) and clade II (with subclades IIa andIIb). The natural reservoir of the virus is unknown. Sinceearly May 2022, more than 3000 monkeypox virusinfections have been reported in more than 50 countriesacross five regions, prompting the World HealthOrganization to declare monkeypox an “evolving threatof moderate public health concern” on 23rd June, 2022.Since the beginning of mpox, over 100000 confirmedcases including over 200 deaths, were reported by morethan 120 countries globally, according to WHO.