bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Activating the most disadvantaged youth in Switzerland: Administratively too risky, politically too costly?
Authors: Pisoni Delia
Published: October 2018

To increase the chances of integrating youth into labour markets in contemporary European knowledge societies, many policy schemes are geared towards investing in youth's human capital. Since apprenticeship systems are assumed to ease school‐to‐work transitions, this seems a particularly promising avenue. However, research highlights that social policies often do not reach the most disadvantaged members of society. The aim of this article is to shed light on the reasons and mechanisms causing this phenomenon, called the Matthew effect, through a single, embedded case study of a vocational education and training programme for disadvantaged youth in Switzerland. The findings highlight cream‐skimming practices as a coping strategy enabling frontline workers to satisfy strict assessment criteria. A budgetary allocation driven politico‐administrative logic promotes such practices as a means to generate solid results, so as to safeguard political – and thus financial – support.
Engaging middle school students in scientific practice with a collaborative mobile game
Authors: Bressler Denise M. , Bodzin Alec M. , Tutwiler Michael Shane
Published: October 2018

Previous research using collaborative mobile augmented reality games in science education revealed that such games can be used to promote learner engagement and have found that engagement in such mobile games is related to flow. This study investigated whether player's flow experience differed by achievement track, gender, or gender composition of working groups. In an urban school district, 202 students from two eighth‐grade science classes participated in a collaborative mobile science game. Data included a self‐report survey collected after the game that measured player's flow experience. Using a regression model, the relationship of flow experience with achievement track and gender was explored while controlling for group composition and teacher effects. The study found that gender was related to flow experience; specifically, girls reported higher flow experience scores (d = 0.30). Flow experience did not have a statistically significant relationship with achievement track showing that the activity engaged all observed students similarly.
Could the Boom‐Bust in the Eurozone Periphery Have Been Prevented?
Authors: Bielecki Marcin , Brzoza‐Brzezina Michał , Kolasa Marcin , Makarski Krzysztof
Published: October 2018

Boom‐bust cycles in the eurozone periphery almost toppled the single currency and recent experience suggests that they may return soon. We check whether monetary or macroprudential policy could have prevented the periphery's violent boom and bust after the euro adoption. We estimate a DSGE model for the two euro area regions, core and periphery, and conduct a series of historical counterfactual experiments in which monetary and macroprudential policy follow optimized rules that use area‐wide welfare as the criterion. We show that single monetary policy could have better stabilized output in both regions, but not the housing market or the periphery's trade balance. In contrast, region‐specific macroprudential policy could have substantially smoothed the credit cycle in the periphery and reduced the build‐up of external imbalances.
Overcoming barriers to diabetes care in the hospital: The power of qualitative observations to promote positive change
Authors: Pichardo‐Lowden Ariana , Farbaniec Michelle , Haidet Paul
Published: October 2018

Aims

Despite advocacy by diabetes societies and evidence about how to prevent the deleterious consequences of dysglycemia among hospitalized patients, deficits in clinical practice continue to present barriers to care. The purpose of this study was to examine inpatient rounding practices using a qualitative research lens to assess challenges on the care of hospitalized patients with diabetes and to develop ideas for positive changes in hospital management of diabetes and hyperglycemia.

Methods

We conducted an interpretive analysis of qualitative observations during medical and surgical inpatient rounds at an academic institution. We coded, analysed, and reported data as thematic findings.

Results

Emerging themes include omissions in discussions during rounds; unpreparedness to address diabetes or dysglycemia during rounds; identifying practice improvement opportunities to address diabetes issues: and recognizing accountability within the routine of practice.

Conclusions

This work guides clinicians and informs systems of practice about improvement strategies that can emerge from within hospital teams. These recommendations emphasize the interconnectedness of practice elements including thoughtful review of glucose status during rounds among patients with and without diabetes; fostering doctors and nurses to work in unison; promoting awareness and integration within and across disciplines; and advocating for better use of existing resources.
Intelligent models based nonlinear modeling for infrared drying of mahaleb puree
Authors: Isleroglu Hilal , Beyhan Selami
Published: October 2018

In this article, nonlinear regressor models namely polynomial regressor, artificial neural‐network (ANN) and least‐squares support vector machine (LS‐SVM) were designed and applied to model the drying kinetics and change of the antioxidant properties of mahaleb puree during infrared drying process. Temperature and time were used as the model inputs and moisture ratio, antioxidant capacity and total anthocyanin content were the outputs of nonlinear regressors. The regressor models were compared in terms of the root mean‐squared‐error (RMSE) and minimum‐descriptive‐length (MDL) criteria. According to statistical selection criteria, LS‐SVM was the best model to describe the infrared drying kinetics of mahaleb puree with the lowest RMSE and MDL values. ANN with Levenberg‐Marquardth optimization gave the best results to predict antioxidant capacity and total anthocyanin content during infrared drying process of mahaleb puree.

Practical applications

(a) Design and analysis of intelligent models for modeling of drying processes. (b) Design of automatic drying equipments by embedding intelligent models. (c) Prediction of moisture ratio, antioxidant capacity and total anthocyanin of drying mahaleb puree at any time and temperature.
Iron‐induced energy supply deficiency and mitochondrial fragmentation in neurons
Authors: Huang Xiao Tian , Liu Xing , Ye Chun Yan , Tao Ling Xue , Zhou Hu , Zhang Hai Yan
Published: October 2018

Iron dyshomeostasis and mitochondrial impairments are both vitally important for the progression of many neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Nevertheless, how these two pathological phenomena are linked with one another remains unclear, especially in neurons. To address the question, a model of iron overload was established with exposure of rat primary cortical neurons to excessive iron. We first verified that iron overload resulted in a decrease in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in neurons. Meanwhile, the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c was significantly increased after iron overload and consequently triggered an apoptosis signal, as revealed by Caspase 3 cleavage. To explore the potential underlying molecular mechanisms, an unlabeled quantitative proteomics approach was applied to primary neurons. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis revealed that 58 mitochondria‐associated proteins were significantly altered, including three subunits of mitochondrial complex I and optic atrophy 1(OPA1). Increased NADH‐ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit and decreased NADH‐ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A10 levels were further validated by a western blot, and more importantly, complex I activity markedly declined. Iron‐induced down‐regulation on the OPA1 level was also validated by a western blot, which was not reversed by the anti‐oxidant but was reversed by the iron chelator. Moreover, an OPA1‐associated key downstream effect, mitochondrial fragmentation, was found to be aggravated in neurons exposed to excessive iron, which is consistent with the down‐regulation of OPA1. Furthermore, the protein level of PTEN‐induced putative kinase 1, an important protein closely related to complex I activity and mitochondrial fragmentation, also significantly declined in neurons by iron overload. Thus, our findings may shed new light on the linkage between iron toxicity and mitochondrial impairments, such as energy supply deficiency and mitochondrial fragmentation, and further expand the toxic repertoire of iron in the central nerve system.

image

Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.14205.
Description of a new diatom genus Dorofeyukea gen. nov. with remarks on phylogeny of the family Stauroneidaceae
Authors: Kulikovskiy Maxim , Maltsev Yevhen , Andreeva Svetlana , Glushchenko Anton , Gusev Evgeniy , Podunay Yulia , Ludwig Thelma Veiga , Tusset Eduardo , Kociolek John Patrick
Published: October 2018

Type material of Navicula kotschyi was studied, and this species was transferred to Dorofeyukea gen. nov. as D. kotschyi comb. nov. Dorofeyukea was described on the basis of DNA sequence and morphological data. Additional species assigned to this genus that were previously included in Navicula include: D. ancisa comb. nov., D. grimmei comb. nov., D. ivatoensis comb. nov., D. orangiana comb. nov., D. rostellata comb. nov. & stat. nov., D. savannahiana comb. nov., D. tenuipunctata comb. nov., and D. texana comb. nov. All Dorofeyukea species share the same morphological features, including having a narrow stauroid fascia surrounded by 1–3 irregularly shortened striae, uniseriate, and weakly radiate striae, circular, or rectangular puncta in the striae that are covered internally by dome‐shaped hymenes, presence of a pseudoseptum at each apex and absence of septa. Partial DNA sequences of SSU and rbcL loci show Dorofeuykae belongs to the clade of stauroneioid diatoms together with Stauroneis, Prestauroneis, Craticula, Karayevia, Madinithidium, Fistulifera, Parlibellus, and, possibly, Schizostauron. A new species from the monoraphid genus Madinithidium, M. vietnamica sp. nov., was described based on valve and chloroplast morphology as well as DNA sequence data.
A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based method for assessing the hydrodynamic impact of animal borne data loggers on host marine mammals
Authors: Kyte Adam , Pass Christopher , Pemberton Richard , Sharman Matthew , McKnight J. Chris
Published: October 2018

Animal‐borne data loggers (ABDLs) or “tags” are regularly used to elucidate animal ecology and physiology, but current literature highlights the need to assess associated deleterious impacts including increased resistive force to motion. Previous studies have used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to estimate this impact, but many suffer limitations (e.g., inaccurate turbulence modeling, neglecting boundary layer transition, neglecting added mass effects, and analyzing the ABDL in isolation from the animal).

A novel CFD‐based method is presented in which a “tag impact envelope” is defined utilizing simulations with and without transition modeling to define upper and lower drag limits, respectively, and added mass coefficients are found via simulations with sinusoidally varying inlet velocity, with modified Navier‐Stokes conservation of momentum equations enforcing a shift to the animal's noninertial reference frame. The method generates coefficients for calculating total resistive force for any velocity and acceleration combination, and is validated against theory for a prolate spheroid. An example case shows ABDL drag impact on a harp seal of 11.21%–16.24%, with negligible influence on added mass.

By considering the effects of added mass and boundary layer transition, the approach presented is an enhancement to the CFD‐based ABDL impact assessment methods previously applied by researchers.
A calibrated model of local food system of Hawaii: What are the economic implications of the state's food goals and policies?
Authors: Khan Syed S. , Arita Shawn , Howitt Richard , Leung PingSun
Published: October 2018

We develop a fully calibrated positive mathematical programming model for Hawaii's local food systems—which captures the production and the consumer sides of the market. Then we use the model to assess two proposed policies—a general excise tax (GET) exemption on locally produced foods, and an investment in agricultural infrastructure. For the GET exemption case, our results indicate an economic gain of $118 per $100 cost. On the other hand, an investment in 1,200 acres of land injected to support local production may generate an economic gain of up to $357 per $100 annual cost of the investment. However, these estimates should be considered preliminary, and thus viewed with caution. Although the model is used to capture Hawaii's local food systems, we believe that our model is generalizable and can be adopted by other economies to assess their respective food localization policies.

Recommendations for Resource Managers

Local food policies need to be based on quantitative terms instead of mere armchair speculation because often their potential outcomes may vary significantly.

The current modeling framework demonstrates the potential of using positive mathematical programming (PMP) in capturing the intricacies of local food systems. However, this exploratory exercise should be viewed as preliminary in nature and the ensuing results were taken with caution because many important factors such as labor availability may have been left out.

Thus, further model refinements are necessary to better capture the complexities of local food systems such as farm heterogeneity, availability of farm labor, water availability, and interisland transportation of farm products in the case of Hawaii.
Forecast Evaluation Under Asymmetric Loss: A Monte Carlo Analysis of the EKT Method
Authors: Krüger Jens J. , LeCrone Julian
Published: October 2018

This paper contributes to the literature on forecast evaluation by conducting an extensive Monte Carlo experiment using the evaluation procedure proposed by Elliott, Komunjer and Timmermann. We consider recent developments in weighting matrices for GMM estimation and testing. We pay special attention to the size and power properties of variants of the J‐test of forecast rationality. Proceeding from a baseline scenario to a more realistic setting, our results show that the approach leads to precise estimates of the degree of asymmetry of the loss function. For correctly specified models, we find the size of the J‐tests to be close to the nominal size, while the tests have high power against misspecified models. These findings are quite robust to inducing fat tails, serial correlation and outliers.
Herbivory elicits changes in green leaf volatile production via jasmonate signaling and the circadian clock
Authors: Joo Youngsung , Schuman Meredith C. , Goldberg Jay K. , Wissgott Antje , Kim Sang‐Gyu , Baldwin Ian T.
Published: October 2018

The timing of plant volatile emissions is important for a robust indirect defense response. Green leaf volatiles (GLVs) are emitted by plants upon damage but can be suppressed by herbivore‐associated elicitors, and the abundance and composition of GLVs vary depending on the timing of herbivore attack. We show that the GLV biosynthetic enzymeHYDROPEROXIDE LYASE(HPL) is transcriptionally regulated by the circadian clock inNicotiana attenuata. In accordance with transcript abundance ofNaHPL, GLV aldehyde pools in intact leaves peaked at night and at subjective night under diurnal and continuous light conditions, respectively. Moreover, although the basal abundance ofNaHPLtranscripts is upregulated by jasmonate (JA) signaling, JA does not regulate the reduction ofNaHPLtranscript abundance in damaged leaves by simulated herbivore treatment. Unexpectedly, the plant circadian clock was strongly altered whenManduca sextalarvae fed onN. attenuata, and this was also independent of JA signaling. Lastly, the temporal dynamics ofNaHPLtranscripts and total GLV emissions were strongly altered byM. sextalarval feeding. Our data suggest that the temporal dynamics of emitted GLV blends result from a combination of damage, JA signaling, herbivore‐associated elicitors, and the plant circadian clock.
The post‐gay debates: Competing visions of the future of homosexualities
Authors: Kampler Benjamin , Connell Catherine
Published: October 2018

Sexualities scholars and cultural critics debate whether or not the United States is moving toward a “post‐gay” future in which sexual orientation will cease to be relevant to a person's social position, life experiences, and conception of self. While some have argued that a post‐gay revolution is underway, others are more skeptical of this claim, particularly for rural, non‐White, poor, and otherwise marginalized queers. Further, recent political shifts may indicate that a backlash to the mainstreaming of nonheterosexualities has begun, meaning any progress of the past that might be labeled post‐gay has stalled or even lost ground in recent years. In addition to the question of whether there has been a post‐gay turn, there is disagreement over whether such a turn should be the end goal of sexualities activism. Some champion a post‐gay ethos as a means to alleviate sexuality‐based discrimination while others critique this kind of assimilation and argue it actually intensifies inequality and stratification. This article explores the history of these post‐gay debates and discovers significant conceptual confusion inherent in the use of the term, which limits its utility as a social scientific concept. In addition, we argue that despite the better intentions of some scholars who take it, the post‐gay position ultimately buttresses homonormative strategies of social and political activism that actively exclude marginalized queer and trans people. We suggest that to the extent the concept of post‐gay remains academically relevant, it is as a descriptor of a particular politics or discourse rather than as a statement of fact about the contemporary era.
Verb Movement in Narrow Syntax
Authors: Hosono Mayumi
Published: October 2018

I argue that verb movement should be derived in narrow syntax. The derivational system ofLabeling Algorithmproposed by Chomsky (2013, 2015) allows movement to occur in narrow syntax without recourse to any movement‐triggering features, contra Chomsky (2001, 2004, 2008). In this system, (both external and internal) Merge is free, even if a new semantic effect does not occur on a raised category in its raised position, contra Chomsky (2001). Thus, verb movement, which does not change a semantic interpretation in the unmarked case, should be able to occur in narrow syntax without recourse to any driving features. As we see in the Icelandic data, it is actually difficult to claim that verb movement occurs in phonology, contra Chomsky (2001). I propose a way to carry out verb movement in narrow syntax in terms offeature inheritanceandcopy deletion. In the Romance languages as well as languages such as English, both φ‐features and tense are inherited by T, to which R(=V)+v* moves, whereas in the V2 languages, only φ‐features are inherited by T with tense remaining in C, to which R+v* directly moves. In all of those languages, it is a matter of morphophonology which copy of a verbal head, the one in a higher position or the one in the v* head position, is chosen to be pronounced. I also claim thatdois inserted in English to phonetically embody features such as [Q], [Foc(us)] and [Pol(arity)]. The feature that the inserteddoembodies is adjacent to tense and φ‐features in each of the relevant constructions, which accounts for why the inserteddocarries tense and agreement as pointed out by the traditional literature.
Dispersal and speciation of East African mountain bushcrickets of the genus Phlesirtes (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae, Conocephalini) related to climate fluctuations
Authors: Hemp Claudia , Kuechler Stefan M. , Kehl Siegfried , Waegele Johann W. , Hemp Andreas
Published: October 2018

A phylogeny of the genus Phlesirtes Bolivar is presented, based on new sequence data of three genes (16S rDNA, COI, H3). Species of the genus Phlesirtes (subtribe Karniellina of the Tribe Conocephalini) occupy habitats of montane to afroalpine grasslands in East Africa. Phlesirtes is the most species‐rich genus of the subtribe Karniellina, a group of small flightless Ensifera restricted to eastern Africa. Taken together, the biogeographical patterns seen in Phlesirtes and its molecular phylogeny suggest a migration scenario: the mountain ranges acting as stepping stones, enabling a spread of Phlesirtes ancestors during periods of favourable climatic conditions in the past. The Pleistocene inland volcanoes, such as Mt Kenya or Mt Kilimanjaro, allow us to date speciation processes within the genus Phlesirtes. It is suggested that cooler humid periods of the past 3 Ma boosted speciation of Phlesirtes in East Africa.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐DPB1*763:01 allele by sequencing‐based typing
Authors: Cargou Marine , Elsermans Vincent , Top Isabelle , Guidicelli Gwendaline , Visentin Jonathan
Published: October 2018

HLA‐DPB1*763:01 differs from HLA‐DPB1*105:01:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution at codon 128 in exon 3.
Serum IgE cross‐reactivity between fish and chicken meats in dogs
Authors: Bexley Jennifer , Kingswell Nicola , Olivry Thierry
Published: October 2018

Background

In humans, a cross‐reactive clinical allergy has been reported between three chicken and fish meat proteins: beta‐enolase, aldolase A and parvalbumin.

Objective

To evaluate if IgE cross‐reactivity between chicken and fish also existed in the dog.

Animals

Sera from dogs with suspected allergic skin disease and with IgE against chicken and fish.

Methods and materials

Sera were analysed by ELISA and immunoblotting with chicken, white fish (haddock and cod) and salmon extracts. Reciprocal inhibition ELISAs and inhibition immunoblots were then performed. Protein sequencing of bands identified on multiple extracts was determined by mass spectrometry.

Results

Out of 53 archived canine sera tested by ELISA against chicken, white fish or salmon, 15 (28%), 12 (23%) and 26 (49%), respectively, had elevated IgE against one, two or all three of these extracts. Seven of the triple‐reactive sera were subjected to reciprocal inhibition ELISAs. A >50% inhibition was found between chicken–fish, chicken–salmon and fish–salmon in seven, four and five of seven dogs, respectively. Immunoblotting identified multiple IgE‐binding proteins of identical molecular weights in the three extracts; these were partially to fully cross‐reactive by inhibition immunoblotting. Mass spectrometry identified nine cross‐reactive proteins as: pyruvate kinase, creatine kinase, alpha‐actin, glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase, beta‐enolase, aldolase, malate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and triose‐phosphate isomerase 1. All of these have been reported previously as fish, shellfish and/or chicken allergens for humans.

Conclusions and clinical importance

Whether any of these newly identified IgE cross‐reactive chicken–fish allergens is the cause of clinical allergy needs to be determined in dogs reacting to at least two of these common food sources.
The use of absorbable staples for skin closure after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy
Authors: Watson F. C. , McMullan W. , Jordan C. J. , Egan P. , Tuan J. , Solano M. A. , Fizpatrick N.
Published: October 2018

Objective

To compare the use of stainless steel staples with absorbable staples for closure of skin incisions in dogs undergoing tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO).

Study design

Prospective study.

Sample population

Client‐owned dogs (n = 80).

Methods

With client consent, dogs were randomly assigned a staple type (stainless steel or absorbable) immediately prior to closure of a TPLO skin incision. Incisions were compared for length, staple type and number, and an inflammation‐infection score 2 weeks after surgery.

Results

Overall, 18.8% of incisions were diagnosed with inflammation or infection. No difference was found between inflammation‐infection scores, incision length, number of staples used, or general anesthetic time between the 2 staple groups. However, wound closure was faster with stainless steel staples (22.50 seconds; range, 11‐180) by approximately 30 seconds compared with absorbable staples (56.50 seconds; range, 18‐190;P < .001). Time taken to close the incision correlated negatively with the number of occasions that absorbable staples were used (P = .01).

Conclusion

Absorbable skin staples were successfully used to close skin incisions after TPLO and were not associated with an increased level of inflammation or infection in our clinical setting.

Clinical significance

Absorbable staples may be considered to close surgical wounds when subsequent suture removal would be impractical, without specific concerns over inflammation or infection of the wound.
Evaluation of the milling technique on the component‐bone interface in the TATE elbow
Authors: Gosling Mark J. , Martinez‐Taboada Fernando , te Lintelo Gerard , Burton Neil J.
Published: October 2018

Objective

To determine whether the surgeon can influence the accuracy of milling during the TATE elbow arthroplasty by applying force to the milling arm during the milling procedure.

Study design

In vitro study on Sawbone specimens.

Sample population

Thirty identical solid foam models of the canine right humerus, elbow joint, and antebrachium (size large).

Methods

TATE elbow arthroplasty was performed on 30 elbows equally divided into 3 types of forces applied to the milling arm: (1) no force, (2) a maximally converging force, and (3) a maximally diverging force using the center of rotation post as a reference point. The resulting component‐bone interface and post fit were quantified with digital photography.

Results

The component‐bone interface gap differed between techniques for most angles. The application of convergent or divergent milling forces frequently increased the component‐bone interface gap. Post fit was also influenced by the milling technique, application of a convergent or divergent milling force affecting the fit of multiple posts. Interface gaps tended to be greater on the lateral aspect, an area that is not visible to the surgeon intraoperatively.

Conclusion

In this bone model study, application of convergent or divergent forces during milling frequently resulted in greater component‐bone interface gaps and poorer post fit than when a neutral position was maintained.

Clinical significance

Surgeons may affect implant fit within the constraints of the current arthroplasty system if they do not maintain a neutral position during milling. Greater component‐bone interface gaps and poorer post fit may affect component osseointegration and lead to aseptic implant loosening.
A contextual parsing of big data values to quantity surveyors
Authors: Maaz Zafira Nadia , Bandi Shamsulhadi , Amirudin Roslan
Published: October 2018

Big data is the new generation of technology designed for organizations to economically extract value from large volumes of a wide variety of data through high velocity capture, discovery, storage and analysis. Manifest as the frontier of 21st century technology, big data instigate superior business return. This lure businesses to zealously capitalize big data. In correspond, professionals too are charting their way to improve customer value with big data. Leading research in this area accede maximization on big data; revolutionized the norm of medical and accounting profession. Despite the substantial value, big data uptake from the quantity surveying profession recognized subtle. Contrarily, construction stakeholders swiftly embrace modern technology in their construction value chain. This invoke a change in data landscape thus, present an urgent call for professionals, especially quantity surveyors to recognize the change, embrace and reap the big data benefit. This paper aims to expand big data knowledge from the context of quantity surveying profession as an approach to soothe the big data and quantity surveying gap. This paper identifies generic big data value from professional perspective and explore big data value from the quantity surveying context. Aligning to the blurry big data paradigm in the quantity surveying context, this research adopts quantitative research with desk study on 28 papers and framework analysis through 15 semi-structured interviews with big data industry expert with quantity surveying background. This research found that big data values are consistent across profession albeit the difference on how big data is maximized. Other than that, the paucity of quantity surveying big data pursuance seen as repercussion of infancy big data state in the construction industry. However, this research insinuate quantity surveying profession are in strategic position to move forward with big data.
Penerapan Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi dalam Pengajaran Karangan UPSR oleh Guru Bahasa Melayu: Satu Kajian Kes
Authors: Amrullah Muhammad Faez Nurazman , Wan Mohamad Wan Muna Ruzanna , Md Yunus Melor
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this research is to survey the reaction of Malay Language teachers in normal primary schools towards the application of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) from the aspect of execution of HOTS in essay writing, confidence in delivery, difficulties experienced during delivery, the level used during delivery and the steps taken to overcome said problems after the teaching process of essay writing. Two male and female teachers teaching at a school in the district of Petaling Jaya were involved as participants in this research. This research was carried out using qualitative methods i.e. the case study and findings were elicit through conversation. Using conversation, the findings of the research show that the main method used by the participants in the application of HOTS were I-Think maps, Question & Answer (Q&A) sessions and high level difficulty questions. Meanwhile, the least used methods were brainstorming and project-based discussions. The participants of the research also displayed high level confidence in the usage of HOTS, but some problems did arise caused by varied intelligence of the students in a certain class causing some disturbance. The problem could be overcame by diversifying methods in delivering HOTS during teaching essay writing. Through this research also, it is found that the teachers use different standards between weak and excellent students, depending on the level of maturity in thinking. This research is significant in order to increase the application of higher order thinking skills in teaching Ujian Penilaian Sekolah Rendah (UPSR) level essays by Bahasa Melayu teachers.
Penggunaan Permainan Digital dalam Pembelajaran Bilik Darjah Bagi Meningkatkan Kreativiti Dalam Penyelesaian Masalah Matematik
Authors: Muhamad Nurfazliah , Megat Zakaria Megat Aman Zahiri , Md. Salleh Shaharudin , Harun Jamalludin
Published: October 2018

Digital games are able to develop students' skills that are accordance with 21st century skills. There are various types of digital games that can be used in today's classroom. However, the challenge is how to choose a digital game that matches with the learning objectives and the desired curriculum. Therefore, this article will discuss how digital game selection can be made and what features should be taken into account when choosing digital games. The games used in this study is a logical game used as a medium to encourage students to think in developing their creativity when solving mathematics problem solving questions. This article also discusses about the selection of games that are made based on the features introduced in 'Magic Bullet' which are the things that need to be learnt, and the things that can be learnt. The findings of the students' feedback were also discussed in the study as it gives insights on the implementation of digital games in the classroom. In sum, the students stated that they can learn through the use of digital games and they realized that the problem-solving strategy could help them to solve problems they have faced and learning with peers also assist them to solve given problems. It is hoped that this article can provide guideline for researchers and teachers in selecting appropriate digital games that can be used in the classroom so that the objective of learning can be achieved.
Cabaran Psikologi bagi Remaja yang Menghidap Diabetes Jenis 1
Authors: Rahmani Ariffi Suraya , Mohd. Kosnin Azlina , Mohamad Ashari Zakiah
Published: October 2018

Managing a chronic disease is very challenging and requires effective coping strategies to overcome difficulties for maintaining the health and stability of quality of life. Type 1 diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in children and adolescents that requires complex treatment and care. Type 1 diabetes management aspects include insulin intake, checking blood glucose levels, monitoring risk and treatment of disease complications, dietary intake, and physical activity. In addition, the lack of understanding of diabetes among family members and friends also makes them difficult to adapt to the disease and can cause them to experience psychological problems and stress. Hence, this paper aims to identify the psychological challenges faced by children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. The study is conducted by review the literature on 9 published articles from 2010 to 2017 obtained from the Science Direct, SAGE, PubMed and NIH Public Access. The findings have identified several aspects of psychology often experienced by children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes such as depression, anxiety, stress, and distress. This psychological condition can have a negative effect on life skills, glucose control and ability to deal with diabetes management. It is hoped that proper management in encountering psychological challenges will lead to better results.
Sikap Terhadap Gajet Teknologi Dan Kesannya Kepada Sosio-Emosi Pelajar: Kajian Meta-Analisis
Authors: Ngadiman Alifa Aliya , Mohamad Ashari Zakiah
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this research being done is to investigate systematic literature review related to students’ attitude towards technological gadget and its effects towards students’ sosio-emotional. There are a few articles being published between the year 2007 until 2016 by using Science Direct, Springer Link database and search from Research Gate. Researcher used keywords such as “digital devices” “students attitude on technologies use” and “socio-emotional” to identify articles that are related. The findings of the previous research showed that there are various positive and negative perspectives about technology usage towards students’ development especially from the aspects of students’ attitude, social and emotion. In social context, many research showed positive effect on gadget usage towards students’ social development if the gadget usage is being supervised by parents and it is being used in group. However, the effects of gadget usage towards students’ emotion are still vague because of the lack of research being done related to emotional aspect inside and outside of this country. Therefore, the implication of this research is important in providing information and understanding to everyone including parents, school and society on the importance of students’ social and emotional development apart from solely stressing on the development in students’ cognitive or motor skills aspects.
Satu Kajian Tentang Kawalan Diri, Gangguan Belajar-Masa Lapang dan Kesejahteraan Pelajar
Authors: Abd Ghani Nur Asiah , Mohamad Ashari Zakiah
Published: October 2018

Learning is a natural ability that every individual has. Ormrod, Anderman and Anderman (2017) explained that learning is a long-term change in mental representation and association from experience. For students, either school students or university students, they do not necessarily spend all their time to study. Students should be able to arrange their study time and leisure time well. This will allow them to learn more effectively. Interference between study and leisure is associated with motivation conflict in which individuals want to do something but at the same time, they need to do something else (Riediger & Freund, 2008), Thus, this analysis is conducted to identify the relationship between self-control, study-leisure interference and student well-being. Previous studies were obtained through online databases such as ScienceDirect, Springer Link and EBSCOHost. The finding shows that there is a correlation between self-control, study-leisure interference with the well-being of students. This is common issue among university students in Malaysia because most students are having difficult to manage their time properly. This will lead students to have workload and tend to putting off their tasks until the last minute.
Free-field reciprocity calibration of measurement microphones at frequencies up to 150 kHz
Authors: Barrera-Figueroa Salvador
Published: October 2018

Microphones are typically calibrated in a free field at frequencies up to 40 kHz using primary and secondary methods. This upper frequency is sufficiently high as to cover most sound measurement applications related with airborne noise assessment. However, other applications such as measurement of noise emitted by ultrasound cleaning machines, failure detection in aeronautic structures, and the investigation of the perception mechanisms of ultrasound may require that the sensitivity of the microphone is known at frequencies up to 150 kHz. In any of these applications, it is critical to establish a well-defined traceability chain to SI units to support any measurement result. In order to extend the frequency range of absolute free-field calibration, typical reciprocity measurement systems and measurement methods must undergo a series of changes and adaptations which may include using other types of microphones rather than laboratory standard microphones, changing the type of measurement signal, improving the methods for eliminating unwanted reflections from walls, cross-talk, distortion, etc. Herein, a strategy for the changes and adaptations to the existing measurement methodologies, and the determination of the microphone parameters is outlined, the results of its implementation are discussed, and calibrations results are presented and discussed.
Effects of very high-frequency sound and ultrasound on humans. Part I: Adverse symptoms after exposure to audible very-high frequency sound
Authors: Fletcher Mark D. , Lloyd Jones Sian , White Paul R. , Dolder Craig N. , Leighton Timothy G. , Lineton Benjamin
Published: October 2018

Various adverse symptoms resulting from exposure to very high-frequency sound (VHFS) and ultrasound (US) have previously been reported. This study aimed to establish whether these symptoms are experienced under controlled laboratory conditions and are specific to VHFS/US. To do this, participants were exposed to VHFS/US (at frequencies between 13.5 and 20 kHz and sound pressure levels between 82 and 92 dB) and to a 1 kHz reference stimulus, both at 25 dB above their hearing threshold. The VHFS/US and reference stimuli were presented 4 times, each time for 3 min, during which participants performed a sustained attention task, rated their symptom severity, and had their galvanic skin response (GSR) measured to assess their level of anxiety. Prior to exposure, participants were assigned either to a symptomatic or an asymptomatic group, based on their prior history of symptoms that they attributed to VHFS/US. In both groups, overall discomfort ratings were higher in the VHFS/US condition than the reference condition. In the symptomatic group only, difficulty concentrating and annoyance were also rated higher in the VHFS/US than the reference condition. No difference between the two stimulus conditions was seen in performance on the attention task or on average GSRs for either group.
Measurements of ultrasonic deterrents and an acoustically branded hairdryer: Ambiguities in guideline compliance
Authors: Dolder Craig N. , Fletcher Mark D. , Lloyd Jones Sian , Lineton Benjamin , Dennison Sarah R. , Symmonds Michael , White Paul R. , Leighton Timothy G.
Published: October 2018

Acoustic radiation from three commercial pest deterrents and two hair dryers were measured in an anechoic chamber. The deterrents were chosen because the frequency range at which they emit the most energy is either in the very high-frequency sound band (11.2–17.8 kHz) or the ultrasound band (greater than 17.8 kHz). These are sources that may be heard by a subset of the general population, with the young typically having better high frequency sensitivity. A hairdryer reported to increase the frequency of the motor noise above the audible hearing range was compared with a standard hairdryer. The outputs of the deterrents are compared against six international regulations and guidelines for audible and ultrasound exposure. Multiple ambiguities in the application of these guidelines are discussed. These ambiguities could lead to a device being considered as in compliance despite unconventionally high levels. Even if a device measured here meets a guideline, actual exposures can exceed those taken here and may therefore breach guidelines if the listener is closer to the device or reflections increase the exposure level.
Meta-Analysis of Physical Activity Levels in Youth With and Without Disabilities
Authors: Jung Jaehun , Leung Willie , Schram Bridgette Marie , Yun Joonkoo
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this study was to explore the current levels of physical activity among youth with disabilities using meta-analysis. The search identified 11 publications including 729 participants (age 4–20 yr). The overall effect size for 11 studies was Hedges g = 0.60 (SE = 0.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.24, 0.96], p < .05, k = 11) using a random-effects model. The findings suggest that differences in physical activity levels between youth with and without disabilities are complex. Results indicated that youth without disabilities engaged in higher levels of physical activity of moderate to vigorous intensity (g = 0.66, SE = 0.18, p < .05). However, no differences were found in light-intensity physical activity (g = −0.03, SE = 0.16, p > .85). Results also suggested that the differences in physical activity between youth with and without disabilities were affected by age (<12 yr, g = 0.83, SE = 0.24, 95% CI [0.37, 1.29], p < .05, and >13 yr, g = 0.37, SE = 0.10, 95% CI [0.18, 0.57], p < .05; Q value = 3.20, df = 1, p < .05), with children with disabilities engaging in less physical activity than children without disabilities in younger ages. Differences in physical activity level between youth with and without disabilities are functions of intensity of physical activity and age but may not be of type of disability (Q value = 0.22, df = 1, p > .6).
Internships in Kinesiology: Reconsidering Best Practices
Authors: Urtel Mark , Michaliszyn Sara F. , Stiemsma Craig
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this paper is to summarize the 2018 American Kinesiology Association preworkshop on best practices in internships. This preworkshop contained 2 keynote speakers, 5 ignite sessions, and 6 round-table discussions looking at the status of internships in departments of kinesiology, nationally. It is clear that kinesiology does not have a common practice for implementing internships. Given the many variables in respect to offering an internship, such as curricular mandates, faculty workload policy, community partner availability, program outcomes, student learning objectives, and assessment tools, this is not surprising. Perhaps we should rethink the notion that there is a set of best practices that guide internship development and consider the possibility that internships will look different at various institutions for valid reasons.
Inflammasome inhibition prevents α-synuclein pathology and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in mice
Authors: Gordon Richard , Albornoz Eduardo A. , Christie Daniel C. , Langley Monica R. , Kumar Vinod , Mantovani Susanna , Robertson Avril A. B. , Butler Mark S. , Rowe Dominic B. , O’Neill Luke A. , Kanthasamy Anumantha G. , Schroder Kate , Cooper Matthew A. , Woodruff Trent M.
Published: October 2018

Oral treatment with a brain-penetrant NLRP3 inhibitor has protective effects in preclinical models of Parkinson’s disease.
Antisense oligonucleotides targeting mutant Ataxin-7 restore visual function in a mouse model of spinocerebellar ataxia type 7
Authors: Niu Chenchen , Prakash Thazah P. , Kim Aneeza , Quach John L. , Huryn Laryssa A. , Yang Yuechen , Lopez Edith , Jazayeri Ali , Hung Gene , Sopher Bryce L. , Brooks Brian P. , Swayze Eric E. , Bennett C. Frank , La Spada Albert R.
Published: October 2018

Intravitreal injection of antisense oligonucleotides targeting mutated Ataxin-7 improves visual function in a mouse model of spinocerebellar ataxia type 7.
The vermiform appendix impacts the risk of developing Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Killinger Bryan A. , Madaj Zachary , Sikora Jacek W. , Rey Nolwen , Haas Alec J. , Vepa Yamini , Lindqvist Daniel , Chen Honglei , Thomas Paul M. , Brundin Patrik , Brundin Lena , Labrie Viviane
Published: October 2018

The human appendix is a reservoir for α-synuclein aggregates and its removal may reduce the risk of Parkinson’s disease.
A large (scale) advance for small RNA therapeutics
Authors: Jay Steven M.
Published: October 2018

Combining established techniques enables large-scale production of potentially therapeutic extracellular vesicles enriched with specific miRNAs.
Let’s break it down: Metabolomics and pediatric MS
Authors: Tully Hannah M.
Published: October 2018

Tryptophan metabolic profile is associated with multiple sclerosis risk and disease severity in children.
Draft Genome Sequence of an Erwinia tracheiphila Isolate from an Infected Muskmelon (Cucumis melo)
Authors: Shapiro Lori R. , Andrade Andres , Scully Erin D. , Rocha Jorge , Paulson Joseph N. , Kolter Roberto
Published: October 2018

Erwinia tracheiphila
is a bacterial plant pathogen emerging in eastern North America. To aid in understanding genetic variation within
E. tracheiphila
, here we sequence the first reference genome of an infected muskmelon (
Cucumis melo
).
Draft Genome Sequences of 57 Salmonella enterica Strains from Selected U.S. Swine Feed Mills
Authors: Lomonaco Sara , Magossi Gabriela , Sanchez Leon Maria , Miller Daniela , Kastanis George J. , Tallent Sandra M. , Allard Marc W. , Brown Eric W. , Trinetta Valentina
Published: October 2018

The number of
Salmonella
infection cases linked to pork products has increased. Pathogen presence in the feed mill environment is one of the many potential transmission routes into the food production chain.
Draft Genome Sequence of Pseudarthrobacter sp. Strain AG30, Isolated from a Gold and Copper Mine in China
Authors: Ben Fekih Ibtissem , Ma Yuanjing , Herzberg Martin , Zhang Chengkang , Li Yuan Ping , Mazhar Sohaib H. , Bello Suleiman Kehinde , Yang Nan , Su Junming , Xu Junqiang , Zhang Ruirui , Feng Renwei , Chen Zhengxian , Rensing Christopher
Published: October 2018

Here, we report the features and draft genome sequence of
Pseudarthrobacter
sp. strain AG30, isolated from the Zijin gold and copper mine in China.