bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Improved Optimal Forecasting Algorithm for Comprehensive Electric Vehicle Charging Allocation
Authors: Abbas Farukh , Feng Donghan , Habib Salman , Rasool Aazim , Numan Muhammad
Published: July 2019

The anticipation of large‐scale electric vehicles (EVs) charging and discharging load can bring security and reliability challenges to the power system. As a smart load, EV requires an intelligently designed scheduling and pricing algorithm that takes into account the stochastic EVs’ user behavior, grid charging capacity, battery characteristics, and real‐time electricity price variations. Herein, a multiobjective comprehensive stand‐alone solution is proposed considering a dynamic pricing model to intelligently regulate EVs charging/discharging schedule. An improved optimal forecasting approach is utilized to precisely predict the load variations by utilizing historical load and weather data. The proposed alternative heuristic charging strategy optimally configures solution indices and provides a tradeoff between considered evaluation parameters taken from the perspective of both power suppliers and EV users, thus mitigating the effect of uncontrolled charging introduced by stochastic charge–discharge activities. The objective is to shift the peak hours’ load to nonpeak hours with a reduction in average‐to‐peak ratio, minimize charging cost, and maximize the availability of charging capacity for pledging traveling plans determined by EV users. Different EV penetrations are tested to validate the performance of the proposed solution under massive EV integration, with a driving pattern obtained from the Beijing National Travel Survey.
Thermal cracking prediction of frameless glazing exposed to radiant fluxes increasing with height
Authors: Yang Yuzhuo , Chow Cheuk Lun
Published: July 2019

The prediction of losing integrity of glazing elements exposed to compartment fires is important in building fire safety. Existing criterion is only appropriate for framed glazing but not frameless glazing due to omission of the flexing stress in the former. A robust and directly applicable expression to determine the location and time of thermal cracking of frameless glazing is lacking in the literature. In this work, thermal stress calculations including the effect of flexing stress were performed based on typical temperature distributions of glazing exposed to compartment fires, and then simple expressions of the maximum stress were derived. Besides, experiments of frameless glazing exposed to heat radiation were carried out to verify the applicability and accuracy of the obtained expressions, as well as to investigate the cracking behavior of frameless glazing. Results show that the proposed expression of maximum stress agrees well with the experimental cracking behavior. Cracks start from the bottom edge and the upper edge of the glazing when exposed to typical distribution of radiant fluxes from compartment fires. In addition, flexing stress has significant contribution to the total stress field.
Human cerebrospinal fluid promotes spontaneous gamma oscillations in the hippocampus in vitro
Authors: Bjorefeldt Andreas , Roshan Firoz , Forsberg My , Zetterberg Henrik , Hanse Eric , Fisahn André
Published: July 2019

Gamma oscillations (30–80 Hz) are fast network activity patterns frequently linked to cognition. They are commonly studied in hippocampal brain slices in vitro, where they can be evoked via pharmacological activation of various receptor families. One limitation of this approach is that neuronal activity is studied in a highly artificial extracellular fluid environment, as provided by artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF). Here, we examine the influence of human cerebrospinal fluid (hCSF) on kainate‐evoked and spontaneous gamma oscillations in mouse hippocampus. We show that hCSF, as compared to aCSF of matched electrolyte and glucose composition, increases the power of kainate‐evoked gamma oscillations and induces spontaneous gamma activity in areas CA3 and CA1 that is reversed by washout. Bath application of atropine entirely abolished hCSF‐induced gamma oscillations, indicating critical contribution from muscarinic acetylcholine receptor‐mediated signaling. In separate whole‐cell patch clamp recordings from rat hippocampus, hCSF increased theta resonance frequency and strength in pyramidal cells along with enhancement of h‐current (Ih) amplitude. We found no evidence of intrinsic gamma frequency resonance at baseline (aCSF) among fast‐spiking interneurons, and this was not altered by hCSF. However, hCSF increased the excitability of fast‐spiking interneurons, which likely contributed to gamma rhythmogenesis. Our findings show that hCSF promotes network gamma oscillations in the hippocampus in vitro and suggest that neuromodulators distributed in CSF could have significant influence on neuronal network activity in vivo.
An improved kit formulation for one‐pot synthesis of [99mTc]Tc‐HYNIC‐E[c(RGDfK)]2 for routine clinical use in cancer imaging
Authors: Chakraborty Sudipta , Das Soumen , Chakravarty Rubel , Sarma Haladhar Dev , Vatsa Rakhee , Shukla Jaya , Mittal Bhagwant Rai , Dash Ashutosh
Published: July 2019

Radiolabeled Arg‐Gly‐Asp (RGD) peptide derivatives have immense potential for non‐invasive monitoring of malignancies overexpressing integrin αvβ3 receptors. Easy availability of suitable radiotracers would augment the utility of this class of molecular imaging agents. Towards this, the present article describes the development of an improved lyophilized kit for the routine clinical formulation of [99mTc]Tc complex of HYNIC‐conjugated dimeric cyclic RGD peptide derivative E‐[c(RGDfK)]2 (E = glutamic acid, f = phenyl alanine, K = lysine) without using Sn2+ and systematic evaluation of its efficacy. Five batches of the kits were prepared, and [99mTc]Tc‐HYNIC‐E[c(RGDfK)]2 radiotracer was synthesized with high radiochemical purity (98.6 ± 0.5%) and specific activity (124.8 GBq/μmol) using the kits. Biodistribution studies in C57BL/6 mice bearing melanoma tumor exhibited significant accumulation of the radiotracer in tumor (5.32 ± 0.56 %ID/g at 60 min p.i.), and this uptake was also found to be receptor‐specific by blocking studies. Preliminary human clinical investigations carried out in 10 breast cancer patients revealed high radiotracer uptake in the tumor along with good tumor‐to‐background contrast. The developed kit formulation showed an exceptionally high shelf‐life of at least 18 months. These results demonstrated promising attributes of the developed kit formulation and warrant more extensive clinical investigations.
Diffusion gradient nonlinearity bias correction reduces bias of breast cancer bone metastasis ADC values
Authors: Buus Thomas W. , Jensen Anders B. , Pedersen Erik M.
Published: July 2019

Contract grant sponsor

Health Research Fund of Central Denmark Region.

Background

Diffusion gradient nonlinearity (DGNL) bias causes apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values to drop with increasing superior–inferior (SI) isocenter offset. This is a concern when performing quantitative diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI).

Purpose/Hypothesis

To investigate if DGNL ADC bias can be corrected in breast cancer bone metastases using a clinical DWI protocol and an online correction algorithm.

Study Type

Prospective.

Subjects/Phantom

A diffusion phantom (Model 128, High Precision Devices, Boulder, CO) was used for in vitro validation. Twenty‐three women with bone‐metastasizing breast cancer were enrolled to assess DGNL correction in vivo.

Field Strength/Sequence

DWI was performed on a 1.5T MRI system as single‐shot, spin‐echo, echo‐planar imaging with short‐tau inversion recovery (STIR) fat‐saturation. ADC maps with and without DGNL correction were created from the b50 and b800 images.

Assessment

Uncorrected and DGNL‐corrected ADC values were measured in phantom and bone metastases by placing regions of interest on b800 images and copying them to the ADC map. The SI offset was recorded.

Statistical Tests

In all, 79 bone metastases were assessed. ADC values with and without DGNL correction were compared at 14 cm SI offset using a two‐tailed t‐test.

Results

In the diffusion phantom, DGNL correction increased SI offset, where ADC bias was lower than 5%, from 7.3–13.8 cm. Of the 23 patients examined, six had no metastases in the covered regions. In the remaining patients, bias of uncorrected bone metastasis ADC values was 19.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.4–22.9%) at 14 cm SI offset. After DGNL correction, ADC bias was significantly reduced to 3.5% (95% CI: 0.7–6.3%, P < 0.001), thus reducing bias due to DGNL by 82%.

Data Conclusion

Online DGNL correction corrects DGNL ADC value bias and allows increased station lengths in the SI direction.

Level of Evidence: 2

Technical Efficacy: Stage 2

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:904–911.
Enhanced recovery after surgery in head and neck surgery: Reduced opioid use and length of stay
Authors: Jandali Danny B. , Vaughan Deborah , Eggerstedt Michael , Ganti Ashwin , Scheltens Holly , Ramirez Emily A. , Revenaugh Peter C. , Al‐Khudari Samer , Smith Ryan M. , Stenson Kerstin M.
Published: July 2019

Objectives

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols were first developed in colorectal surgery and sought to standardize patient care. There have been several studies in the head and neck surgical literature looking at outcomes after ERAS protocol, but no studies focusing on narcotic use and length of stay. This study aimed to evaluate narcotic usage and length of stay, in addition to several other outcomes, following the implementation of an ERAS protocol.

Methods

A head and neck–specific ERAS protocol was implemented at this tertiary care center beginning July 2017. A retrospective cohort study was performed comparing this cohort to that of a retrospective control group. Outcomes included mean morphine equivalent dose, mean pain score, and percentage of patients prescribed narcotics on discharge. Secondary outcomes included ICU and total length of stay.

Results

The mean morphine equivalent dose (MED) administered within 72 hours postoperatively was significantly lower in the ERAS group (17.5 ± 46.0 mg vs. 82.7 ± 116.1 mg, P < .001). Average postoperative pain scores in the first 72 hours were lower in the ERAS group (2.6 ± 1.8 vs. 3.6 ± 1.9; P < .001). The average length of stay was shorter for ERAS patients (7.8 ± 4.8 vs. 9.7 ± 4.7 days, P = .008); however, there was no significant difference in ICU length of stay.

Conclusion

Following implementation of an ERAS protocol, patients undergoing head and neck surgery had decreased narcotic use in the immediate postoperative period and at discharge, while also demonstrating improved postoperative analgesia.

Level of Evidence

Level 3

Laryngoscope, 130:1227–1232, 2020
Characterizing the Antimicrobial Properties of 405 nm Light and the Corning® Light‐Diffusing Fiber Delivery System
Authors: Shehatou Cindy , Logunov Stephan L. , Dunman Paul M. , Haidaris Constantine G. , Klubben W. Spencer
Published: July 2019

Background and Objectives

Hospital‐acquired infections (HAIs) and multidrug resistant bacteria pose a significant threat to the U.S. healthcare system. With a dearth of new antibiotic approvals, novel antimicrobial strategies are required to help solve this problem. Violet‐blue visible light (400–470 nm) has been shown to elicit strong antimicrobial effects toward many pathogens, including representatives of the ESKAPE bacterial pathogens, which have a high propensity to cause HAIs. However, phototherapeutic solutions to prevention or treating infections are currently limited by efficient and nonobtrusive light‐delivery mechanisms.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

Here, we investigate the in vitro antimicrobial properties of flexible Corning® light‐diffusing fiber (LDF) toward members of the ESKAPE pathogens in a variety of growth states and in the context of biological materials. Bacteria were grown on agar surfaces, in liquid culture and on abiotic surfaces. We also explored the effects of 405 nm light within the presence of lung surfactant, human serum, and on eukaryotic cells. Pathogens tested includeEnterococcus spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp., Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Candida albicans, andEscherichia coli.

Results

Overall, the LDF delivery of 405 nm violet‐blue light exerted a significant degree of microbicidal activity against a wide range of pathogens under diverse experimental conditions.

Conclusions

The results exemplify the fiber's promise as a non‐traditional approach for the prevention and/or therapeutic intervention of HAIs. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 The Authors.Lasers in Surgery and MedicinePublished by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
What induces firms to license foreign technologies? International survey evidence
Authors: Dohse Dirk , Goel Rajeev K. , Nelson Michael A.
Published: July 2019

The paper provides insights into drivers of foreign technology licensing from the licensee's perspective, using data across 114 nations. Technology licensing enables licensees to access proven technologies without development delays, although licensors might deny licenses for strategic reasons. Results show that firms with own R&D are more likely to license foreign technologies, as are larger firms and firms in the nations' main business cities. However, the macroeconomic and institutional environment matters as well: domestic interest rates, informal sector competition, and the literacy of a country's labor force all impact foreign technology licensing. Some implications for technology policy are discussed.
β−type fractional Sturm‐Liouville Coulomb operator and applied results
Authors: Ozarslan Ramazan , Ercan Ahu , Bas Erdal
Published: July 2019

In this article, β‐type fractional Sturm‐Liouville Coulomb operator is considered by Hilfer fractional derivative. Fundamental spectral theory is investigated for the aforementioned problem. In this context, it is shown that the operator is self‐adjoint, eigenfunctions correspond to the distinct eigenfunctions are orthogonal, and eigenvalues are real. Furthermore, applications of this problem are given by the Adomian decomposition method and the results are shown with visual graphs.
Ciliary functional analysis: Beating a path towards standardization
Authors: Kempeneers Céline , Seaton Claire , Garcia Espinosa Bernardo , Chilvers Mark A.
Published: July 2019

Primary ciliary dyskinesia is an inherited disorder in which respiratory cilia are stationary, or beat in a slow or dyskinetic manner, leading to impaired mucociliary clearance and significant sinopulmonary disease. One diagnostic test is ciliary functional analysis using digital high‐speed video microscopy (DHSV), which allows real‐time analysis of complete ciliary function, comprising ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and ciliary beat pattern (CBP). However, DHSV lacks standardization. In this paper, the current knowledge of DHSV ciliary functional analysis is presented, and recommendations given for a standardized protocol for ciliary sample collection and processing. A proposal is presented for a quantitative and qualitative CBP evaluation system, to be used to develop international consensus agreement, and future DHSV research areas are identified.
Treatment of pediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension: A focus on the NO‐sGC‐cGMP pathway
Authors: Beghetti Maurice , Gorenflo Matthias , Ivy D. Dunbar , Moledina Shahin , Bonnet Damien
Published: July 2019

Objective

While pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is rare in infants and children, it results in substantial morbidity and mortality. In recent years, prognosis has improved, coinciding with the introduction of new PAH‐targeted therapies, although much of their use in children is off‐label. Evidence to guide the treatment of children with PAH is less extensive than for adults. The goal of this review is to discuss the treatment recommendations for children with PAH, as well as the evidence supporting the use of prostanoids, endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs), and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) in this setting.

Data Sources

Nonsystematic PubMed literature search and authors’ expertise.

Study Selection

Articles were selected concentrating on the nitric oxide (NO)‐soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)‐cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway in PAH. The methodology of an ongoing study evaluating the sGC stimulator riociguat in children with PAH is also described.

Results

Despite recent medical advances, improved therapeutic strategies for pediatric PAH are needed. The efficacy and tolerability of riociguat in adults with PAH have been well trialed.

Conclusion

The pooling of data across trials, supplemented by registry data, will help to confirm the safety and tolerability of prostanoids, ERAs, and PDE5i in children. Ongoing studies will clarify the place of sGC stimulators in the treatment strategy for pediatric PAH.
Prey preferences of notonectids towards larval mosquitoes across prey ontogeny and search area
Authors: Dalal Arpita , Cuthbert Ross N , Dick Jaimie TA , Gupta Susmita
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND

Predatory biological control agents can be effective natural means of managing pests, vectors and invasive species. However, the strength of predator–prey interactions can be regulated through context‐dependencies that often remain unquantified. In particular, refuge effects can influence the efficacy of biological agents towards target species, and such effects are often driven by prey size and search area differences. In this study, we quantify the prey preferences of two predaceous notonectids,Anisops breddiniandAnisops sardeus, towards four different aquatic larval instar stages of the medically important mosquitoCulex quinquefasciatusacross variations in surface area and water depth.

RESULTS

Consumption rates differed significantly among the four larval sizes but not between the notonectids. Search area variations also elicited differences in consumption rates. Both predators tended to prefer second‐instar mosquito prey among surface area and water depth variations, while generally avoiding the largest (fourth instar) and smallest (first instar) prey instar stages. For both predators, differential selectivity traits were emergent across surface area variations and water depth, with refuge effects for small prey generally greatest at intermediate–large depths with high surface areas. We thus demonstrate that predatory impacts of notonectids towards mosquito larvae differ significantly according to prey size, and likely peak at intermediate size classes.

CONCLUSION

Different mosquito size classes often coexist and compete, selectivity has important implications for adult mosquito proliferations. Further, in ephemeral aquatic habitats where surface areas and water depths are highly variable spatiotemporally, the efficacy of notonectids in controlling mosquito prey may differ substantially. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
On improved dispersion control charts under ranked set schemes for normal and non‐normal processes
Authors: Abbas Tahir , Zaman Bisma , Atir Ateeba , Riaz Muhammad , Akbar Abbasi Saddam
Published: July 2019

In manufacturing industries, control charts are the promising statistical tools used for an efficient monitoring of processes. These charts enhance the product quality by timely signaling for special variations at any stage of the process. There are two common concerns in statistical process monitoring, location and variability of the quality characteristic of interest. Besides location parameter, the monitoring of process dispersion remained a matter of concern for researchers. The conventional simple random sampling (SRS) is a usual practice; however, ranked set sampling (RSS) schemes are very effective methods of choosing sample values. This study intends to design and investigate dispersion control charts under different RSS strategies for normal and non‐normal processes. We have considered RSS, median ranked set sampling (MRSS), and extreme ranked set sampling (ERSS) schemes to design dispersion control charts. The performance of the existing and the proposed control charts is evaluated in terms of relative efficiency and power for normal and a variety of non‐normal distributions. The comparative analysis revealed that the proposed structures outperform the existing charts. The application of the proposed procedures is also shown for a bottles filling process for an efficient and timely signaling of any special causes in the process.
vdW‐TSSCDS—An automated and global procedure for the computation of stationary points on intermolecular potential energy surfaces
Authors: Kopec Sabine , Martínez‐Núñez Emilio , Soto Juan , Peláez Daniel
Published: July 2019

We present a generalization of the transition state search using chemical dynamics simulations (TSSCDS) methodology (discussed in a previous study) which allows the topographical characterization of intermolecular potential energy surfaces (IPES) for non‐covalently bound complexes (vdW‐TSSCDS). Starting from a single random input geometry, we show that vdW‐TSSCDS is able to globally and automatically locate stationary points of an IPES, even in limiting cases such as extremely flat regions or nontrivial topologies (eg, bifurcation points). The basic idea is the expression of the connectivity matrix in block structure, where diagonal blocks correspond to the isolated fragments and off‐diagonal blocks provide the intermolecular connectivity. To this end, we introduce a new definition of bound or not, in a non‐covalent sense, utilizing an extra set of van der Waals distances, which encompasses all kinds of non‐covalent distances. To discuss the use of the vdW‐TSSCDS method, we present a series of 2‐body van der Waals systems, namely, Ar‐Benzene (3D), N2‐Benzene (6D) and H2O‐Benzene (9D). Finally, we further illustrate its capabilities by presenting some applications for n‐body problems (n > 2), (H2O)2‐Benzene (12D) and (H2O)3‐Benzene (21D), as well as to a reactive, fully‐flexible, system (Benzene‐NO2)+ (39D) in which the simultaneous breaking/formation of both covalent and non‐covalent interactions takes place.
Enabling Private Sector Engagement in Disaster Resilience in South and East Asia
Authors: Mavrodieva Aleksandrina V. , Shaw Rajib
Published: July 2019

Businesses are closely related with communities not only as providers of goods but also as job market creators. The timely and efficient recovery of business operations is crucial for serving the basic needs of disaster‐stricken communities and the continuation of daily life activities, thus speeding up the return to “normalcy.” The majority of private business is still unaware of the possibilities, opportunities, and advantages of engaging in disaster risk reduction (DRR)‐related initiatives. The current paper argues that information sharing, access to funding, adequate and easy‐to‐understand and to follow rules and regulations, and functioning public institutions with designated coordinating bodies need to be in place to enable this process. This study concludes that coordinated, tailored, continuous efforts by both businesses and the public sector, supported by international organizations, will be needed to tackle the complex web of disaster challenges now and in the decades to follow. The paper will focus on East and South Asia as some of the most disaster‐prone regions in the world, without comparing the success rate between the individual countries. It is, instead, intended as a perspective paper, aiming to provide a broad regional overview of some of the challenges and opportunities in engaging the private sector in disaster management, and to present some high‐level policy suggestions on how to better address the existing issues.
Managing security debt across PLC phases in a VSE context
Authors: Larrucea Xabier , Santamaria Izaskun , Fernandez‐Gauna Borja
Published: July 2019

Nowadays, security and safety aspects are two of the major concerns for any software system development, especially while developing safety critical systems. This is especially relevant for very small entities because they have a limited amount of resources for dealing with all these aspects at the same time. In addition, these systems are highly regulated domains, and they involve a huge set of standards focused on safety and security‐related issues. Therefore, these small entities are not only facing hurdles related to technical aspects but also from the so‐called technical debt when overarching a critical development. This paper extends the assurance cases approach by integrating security aspects within the life cycle, and it proposes a framework for managing the associated security technical debt for very small entities. A tool chain is outlined, and the approach is illustrated with an industrial use case.
Boron in Heat‐Treatable Steels: A Review
Authors: Sharma Mamta , Ortlepp Isabell , Bleck Wolfgang
Published: July 2019

The science and technology of boron addition to heat‐treatable steels are explained. The aim is to address the following: How to add boron to steel (i.e., the manufacturing aspects of boron addition to steel)? What precautions are necessary when alloying boron to steel, in terms of composition (mainly nitrogen, aluminum, and titanium contents), processing and heat treatment (i.e., material and process robustness and reproducibility for a consistent steel quality)? Where does boron go in steel (i.e., the state of boron, interstitial or substitutional solute, precipitate or a complex with other alloying elements; as well as the location of boron, i.e., dissolved as a solute in the grain or segregated at the grain boundary)? Which characterization methods are suitable for the detection of the very small amounts of boron (<30 wt ppm) in heat‐treatable steels? What does boron do in steel (i.e., its effect on hardenability and mechanical properties, specifically impact toughness)? How does it do and what it does (i.e., the physical mechanism by which it influences the properties)? How much boron is really required to achieve the desired properties in heat‐treatable steels (i.e., recommendations for the optimum boron content)?
Digging Struggling Students Out of the Summer Reading Slump
Authors: Albee Julie Jackson , Smith Melanie Lea , Arnold Jill Mayes , Dennis Larinee Brooks
Published: July 2019

The authors examined the results of a three‐year summer intervention, Dig Into Reading, for pre‐first‐grade through pre‐third‐grade students. This partnership among university professors, public school Title I teachers, and primary classroom teachers resulted in the development of research‐based, copyright‐free, replicable summer reading intervention materials. The four‐year study involved collecting baseline data in year 1, then implementing the program, which progressed from sending 100 bags home with struggling pre‐first‐grade readers in year 2 to adding 100 bags for pre‐second graders in year 3 (100 pre‐first‐grade and 100 pre‐second‐grade bags) and adding pre‐third graders in year 4 (100 pre‐first‐grade, 100 pre‐second‐grade, and 100 pre‐third‐grade bags). The results of the Dig Into Reading intervention showed that participating students retained at least 30%–67% more reading ability based on reading level than did students in the baseline group who did not participate.
Proteomics study of the effect of high-fat diet on rat liver
Authors: Sang Jian , Qu Hengxian , Gu Ruixia , Chen Dawei , Chen Xia , Yin Boxing , Huang Yingping , Xi Wenbo , Wang Chunlei , Huang Yujun
Published: July 2019

Excessive intake of high-energy diets is an important cause of most obesity. The intervention of rats with high-fat diet can replicate the ideal animal model for studying the occurrence of human nutritional obesity. Proteomics and bioinformatics analyses can help us to systematically and comprehensively study the effect of high-fat diet on rat liver. In the present study, 4056 proteins were identified in rat liver by using tandem mass tag. A total of 198 proteins were significantly changed, of which 103 were significantly up-regulated and ninety-five were significantly down-regulated. These significant differentially expressed proteins are primarily involved in lipid metabolism and glucose metabolism processes. The intake of a high-fat diet forces the body to maintain physiological balance by regulating these key protein spots to inhibit fatty acid synthesis, promote fatty acid oxidation and accelerate fatty acid degradation. The present study enriches our understanding of metabolic disorders induced by high-fat diets at the protein level.
Schwierige Herausforderungen
Authors: Steinberger Johann
Published: July 2019

Zusammenfassung. Eine der schwierigsten Herausforderungen für Ausbildungsinstitute ist die Festlegung von Auswahl- und Zugangskriterien und die damit verbundene Verantwortung hinsichtlich der zukünftigen berufstätigen Personen, speziell in einem Bereich, wo es um Abhängigkeitsverhältnisse geht. Meist werden als Lösungen bzw. zur Vorbeugung krankenhausinterne Maßnahmen wie Kontrolle und die Erhöhung der Betreuungsmaßnahmen des Personals wie Supervision und andere reflexive Maßnahmen eingeführt. Ein anderer Fokus könnte auf den Aufnahmekriterien für Berufe sein, wo es um Abhängigkeiten geht.
An Evaluation of the Representation of Tropical Tropopause Cirrus in the CESM/CARMA Model Using Satellite and Aircraft Observations
Authors: Maloney Christopher , Bardeen Charles , Toon Owen Brian , Jensen Eric , Woods Sarah , Thornberry Troy , Pfister Leonhard , Diskin Glenn , Bui Thao Paul
Published: July 2019

Observations from the third campaign of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Airborne Tropical Tropopause Experiment (ATTREX 3) field mission and Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations satellite mission are used to evaluate simulations of tropical tropopause layer (TTL) cirrus clouds in the Community Earth System Model's (CESM) Community Atmosphere Model, CAM5. In this study, CAM5 is coupled with a sectional ice cloud model, the Community Aerosol and Radiation Model for Atmospheres (CARMA). We find that both model variants underrepresent cloud frequency along the ATTREX 3 flight path and both poorly represent relative humidity in the TTL. Furthermore, simulated in‐cloud ice size distributions contained erroneous amounts of ice crystals throughout the distribution. In response, we present a modified ice cloud fraction scheme that boosts the cloud fraction within the TTL. Due to coarse vertical model resolution in the TTL, we also prescribe a 2‐K decrease in cold point tropopause temperatures to better align with observed temperatures. Our modifications improve both CAM5 and CAM5/CARMA's in‐cloud ice size and mass distributions. However, only CAM5/CARMA has a significant improvement in cloud frequency and relative humidity. An investigation of cloud extinction in the ATTREX 3 region found that each model variant struggles to reproduce observed extinctions. As a first‐order approximation, we introduce randomly generated temperature perturbations to simulate the effect of gravity waves into the CAM5/CARMA simulation. These gravity waves significantly increase the incidence of low extinction (<0.02 km−1) values, ice cloud fraction between 16 and 18 km, and ice crystal smaller than 100‐μm concentrations but provided only small changes to high extinction values.
Estimating the Azimuthal Mode Structure of ULF Waves Based on Multiple GOES Satellite Observations
Authors: Barani Mohammad , Tu Weichao , Sarris Theodore , Pham Kevin , Redmon Rob J.
Published: July 2019

Characterizing the azimuthal mode number,
m
, of ultralow‐frequency (ULF) waves is necessary for calculating radial diffusion of radiation belt electrons. A cross‐spectral technique is applied to the compressional Pc5 ULF waves observed by multiple pairs of GOES satellites to estimate the azimuthal mode structure during the 28‐31 May 2010 storm. We find that allowing for both positive and negative
m
is important to achieve a more realistic distribution of mode numbers and to resolve wave propagation direction. During the storm commencement when the solar wind dynamic pressure is high, ULF wave power is found to dominate at low‐mode numbers. An interesting change of sign in
m
occurred around noon, which is consistent with the driving of ULF waves by solar wind buffeting around noon, creating antisunward wave propagation. The low‐mode ULF waves are also found to have a less global coverage in magnetic local time than previously assumed. In contrast, during the storm main phase and early recovery phase when the solar wind dynamic pressure is low and the auroral electrojet index is high, wave power is shown to be distributed over all modes from low to high. The high‐mode waves are found to cover a wider range of magnetic local time than what was previously assumed. Furthermore, to reduce the 2nπ
ambiguity in resolving
m
, a cross‐pair analysis is performed on satellite field measurements for the first time, which is demonstrated to be effective in generating more reliable mode structure of ULF waves during high auroral electrojet periods.
Turbulence Observations Beneath Larsen C Ice Shelf, Antarctica
Authors: Davis Peter E.D. , Nicholls Keith W.
Published: July 2019

Increased ocean‐driven basal melting beneath Antarctic ice shelves causes grounded ice to flow into the ocean at an accelerated rate, with consequences for global sea level. The turbulent transfer of heat through the ice shelf‐ocean boundary layer is critical in setting the basal melt rate, yet the processes controlling this transfer are poorly understood and inadequately represented in global climate models. This creates large uncertainties in predictions of future sea level rise. Using a hot‐water drilled access hole, two turbulence instrument clusters (TICs) were deployed 2.5 and 13.5 m beneath Larsen C ice shelf in December 2011. Both instruments returned a yearlong record of turbulent velocity fluctuations, providing a unique opportunity to explore the turbulent processes within the ice shelf‐ocean boundary layer. Although the scaling between the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) dissipation rate and mean flow speed varies with distance from the ice shelf base, at both TICs the TKE dissipation rate is balanced entirely by the rate of shear production. The freshwater released by basal melting plays no role in the TKE balance. When the upper TIC is within the log‐layer, we derive an under‐ice drag coefficient of 0.0022 and a roughness length of 0.44 mm, indicating that the ice base is smooth. Finally, we demonstrate that although the canonical three‐equation melt rate parameterization can accurately predict the melt rate for this example of smooth ice underlain by a cold, tidally forced boundary layer, the law of the wall assumption employed by the parameterization does not hold at low flow speeds.
Acoustic meta-atom with experimentally verified maximum Willis coupling
Authors: Melnikov Anton , Chiang Yan Kei , Quan Li , Oberst Sebastian , Alù Andrea , Marburg Steffen , Powell David
Published: July 2019

Acoustic metamaterials are structures with exotic acoustic properties, with promising applications in acoustic beam steering, focusing, impedance matching, absorption and isolation. Recent work has shown that the efficiency of many acoustic metamaterials can be enhanced by controlling an additional parameter known as Willis coupling, which is analogous to bianisotropy in electromagnetic metamaterials. The magnitude of Willis coupling in a passive acoustic meta-atom has been shown theoretically to have an upper limit, however the feasibility of reaching this limit has not been experimentally investigated. Here we introduce a meta-atom with Willis coupling which closely approaches this theoretical limit, that is much simpler and less prone to thermo-viscous losses than previously reported structures. We perform two-dimensional experiments to measure the strong Willis coupling, supported by numerical calculations. Our meta-atom geometry is readily modeled analytically, enabling the strength of Willis coupling and its peak frequency to be easily controlled.
Pooled library screening with multiplexed Cpf1 library
Authors: Liu Jintan , Srinivasan Sanjana , Li Chieh-Yuan , Ho I-Lin , Rose Johnathon , Shaheen MennatAllah , Wang Gang , Yao Wantong , Deem Angela , Bristow Chris , Hart Traver , Draetta Giulio
Published: July 2019

Capitalizing on the inherent multiplexing capability of AsCpf1, we developed a multiplexed, high-throughput screening strategy that minimizes library size without sacrificing gene targeting efficiency. We demonstrated that AsCpf1 can be used for functional genomics screenings and that an AsCpf1-based multiplexed library performs similarly as compared to currently available monocistronic CRISPR/Cas9 libraries, with only one vector required for each gene. We construct the smallest whole-genome CRISPR knock-out library, Mini-human, for the human genome (n = 17,032 constructs targeting 16,977 protein-coding genes), which performs favorably compared to conventional Cas9 libraries.
Reactivity of shape-controlled crystals and metadynamics simulations locate the weak spots of alumina in water
Authors: Réocreux R. , Girel É. , Clabaut P. , Tuel A. , Besson M. , Chaumonnot A. , Cabiac A. , Sautet P. , Michel C.
Published: July 2019

The kinetic stability of any material in water relies on the presence of surface weak spots responsible for chemical weathering by hydrolysis. Being able to identify the atomistic nature of these sites and the first steps of transformation is therefore critical to master the decomposition processes. This is the challenge that we tackle here: combining experimental and modeling studies we investigate the stability of alumina in water. Exploring the reactivity of shape-controlled crystals, we identify experimentally a specific facet as the location of the weak spots. Using biasedab initiomolecular dynamics, we recognize this weak spot as a surface exposed tetra-coordinated Al atom and further provide a detailed mechanism of the first steps of hydrolysis. This understanding is of great importance to heterogeneous catalysis where alumina is a major support. Furthermore, it paves the way to atomistic understanding of interfacial reactions, at the crossroad of a variety of fields of research.
Label-free neuroimaging in vivo using synchronous angular scanning microscopy with single-scattering accumulation algorithm
Authors: Kim Moonseok , Jo Yonghyeon , Hong Jin Hee , Kim Suhyun , Yoon Seokchan , Song Kyung-Deok , Kang Sungsam , Lee Byunghak , Kim Guang Hoon , Park Hae-Chul , Choi Wonshik
Published: July 2019

Label-free in vivo imaging is crucial for elucidating the underlying mechanisms of many important biological systems in their most native states. However, the applicability of existing modalities has been limited to either superficial layers or early developmental stages due to tissue turbidity. Here, we report a synchronous angular scanning microscope for the rapid interferometric recording of the time-gated reflection matrix, which is a unique matrix characterizing full light-specimen interaction. By applying single scattering accumulation algorithm to the recorded matrix, we removed both high-order sample-induced aberrations and multiple scattering noise with the effective aberration correction speed of 10,000 modes/s. We demonstrated in vivo imaging of whole neural network throughout the hindbrain of the larval zebrafish at a matured stage where physical dissection used to be required for conventional imaging. Our method will expand the scope of applications for optical imaging, where fully non-invasive interrogation of living specimens is critical.
Active protection of a superconducting qubit with an interferometric Josephson isolator
Authors: Abdo Baleegh , Bronn Nicholas T. , Jinka Oblesh , Olivadese Salvatore , Córcoles Antonio D. , Adiga Vivekananda P. , Brink Markus , Lake Russell E. , Wu Xian , Pappas David P. , Chow Jerry M.
Published: July 2019

Nonreciprocal microwave devices play critical roles in high-fidelity, quantum-nondemolition (QND) measurement schemes. They impose unidirectional routing of readout signals and protect the quantum systems from unwanted noise originated by the output chain. However, cryogenic circulators and isolators are disadvantageous in scalable superconducting architectures because they use magnetic materials and strong magnetic fields. Here, we realize an active isolator formed by coupling two nondegenerate Josephson mixers in an interferometric scheme and driving them with phase-shifted, same-frequency pumps. By incorporating our Josephson-based isolator into a superconducting qubit setup, we demonstrate fast, high-fidelity, QND measurements of the qubit while providing 20 dB of protection within a bandwidth of 10 MHz against amplified noise reflected off the Josephson amplifier in the output chain. A moderate reduction of 35% is observed in T2E when the Josephson-based isolator is turned on. Such a moderate degradation can be mitigated by minimizing heat dissipation in the pump lines.
Electronic-reconstruction-enhanced hydrogen evolution catalysis in oxide polymorphs
Authors: Li Yangyang , Yu Zhi Gen , Wang Ling , Weng Yakui , Tang Chi Sin , Yin Xinmao , Han Kun , Wu Haijun , Yu Xiaojiang , Wong Lai Mun , Wan Dongyang , Wang Xiao Renshaw , Chai Jianwei , Zhang Yong-Wei , Wang Shijie , Wang John , Wee Andrew T. S. , Breese Mark B. H. , Pennycook Stephen J. , Venkatesan Thirumalai , Dong Shuai , Xue Jun Min , Chen Jingsheng
Published: July 2019

Transition metal oxides exhibit strong structure-property correlations, which has been extensively investigated and utilized for achieving efficient oxygen electrocatalysts. However, high-performance oxide-based electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution are quite limited, and the mechanism still remains elusive. Here we demonstrate the strong correlations between the electronic structure and hydrogen electrocatalytic activity within a single oxide system Ti2O3. Taking advantage of the epitaxial stabilization, the polymorphism of Ti2O3 is extended by stabilizing bulk-absent polymorphs in the film-form. Electronic reconstructions are realized in the bulk-absent Ti2O3 polymorphs, which are further correlated to their electrocatalytic activity. We identify that smaller charge-transfer energy leads to a substantial enhancement in the electrocatalytic efficiency with stronger hybridization of Ti 3d and O 2p orbitals. Our study highlights the importance of the electronic structures on the hydrogen evolution activity of oxide electrocatalysts, and also provides a strategy to achieve efficient oxide-based hydrogen electrocatalysts by epitaxial stabilization of bulk-absent polymorphs.
From self-organization in relativistic electron bunches to coherent synchrotron light: observation using a photonic time-stretch digitizer
Authors: Bielawski Serge , Blomley Edmund , Brosi Miriam , Bründermann Erik , Burkard Eva , Evain Clément , Funkner Stefan , Hiller Nicole , Nasse Michael J. , Niehues Gudrun , Roussel Eléonore , Schedler Manuel , Schönfeldt Patrik , Steinmann Johannes L. , Szwaj Christophe , Walther Sophie , Müller Anke-Susanne
Published: July 2019

In recent and future synchrotron radiation facilities, relativistic electron bunches with increasingly high charge density are needed for producing brilliant light at various wavelengths, from X-rays to terahertz. In such conditions, interaction of electron bunches with their own emitted electromagnetic fields leads to instabilities and spontaneous formation of complex spatial structures. Understanding these instabilities is therefore key in most electron accelerators. However, investigations suffer from the lack of non-destructive recording tools for electron bunch shapes. In storage rings, most studies thus focus on the resulting emitted radiation. Here, we present measurements of the electric field in the immediate vicinity of the electron bunch in a storage ring, over many turns. For recording the ultrafast electric field, we designed a photonic time-stretch analog-to-digital converter with terasamples/second acquisition rate. We could thus observe the predicted link between spontaneous pattern formation and giant bursts of coherent synchrotron radiation in a storage ring.
VCF2CNA: A tool for efficiently detecting copy-number alterations in VCF genotype data and tumor purity
Authors: Putnam Daniel K. , Ma Xiaotu , Rice Stephen V. , Liu Yu , Newman Scott , Zhang Jinghui , Chen Xiang
Published: July 2019

VCF2CNA is a tool (Linux commandline or web-interface) for copy-number alteration (CNA) analysis and tumor purity estimation of paired tumor-normal VCF variant file formats. It operates on whole genome and whole exome datasets. To benchmark its performance, we applied it to 46 adult glioblastoma and 146 pediatric neuroblastoma samples sequenced by Illumina and Complete Genomics (CGI) platforms respectively. VCF2CNA was highly consistent with a state-of-the-art algorithm using raw sequencing data (mean F1-score = 0.994) in high-quality whole genome glioblastoma samples and was robust to uneven coverage introduced by library artifacts. In the whole genome neuroblastoma set, VCF2CNA identified MYCN high-level amplifications in 31 of 32 clinically validated samples compared to 15 found by CGI’s HMM-based CNA model. Moreover, VCF2CNA achieved highly consistent CNA profiles between WGS and WXS platforms (mean F1 score 0.97 on a set of 15 rhabdomyosarcoma samples). In addition, VCF2CNA provides accurate tumor purity estimates for samples with sufficient CNAs. These results suggest that VCF2CNA is an accurate, efficient and platform-independent tool for CNA and tumor purity analyses without accessing raw sequence data.
A Naturally Occurring Splice Variant of GGA1 Inhibits the Anterograde Post-Golgi Traffic of α2B-Adrenergic Receptor
Authors: Zhang Maoxiang , Xu Xin , Li Chunman , Huang Wei , Xu Nenggui , Wu Guangyu
Published: July 2019

The regulatory mechanisms of cell surface targeting of nascent G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) en route from the endoplasmic reticulum through the Golgi remain poorly understood. We have recently demonstrated that three Golgi-localized, γ-adaptin ear domain homology, ADP ribosylation factor-binding proteins (GGAs) mediate the post-Golgi export of α2B-adrenergic receptor (α2B-AR), a prototypic GPCR, and directly interact with the receptor. In particular, GGA1 interaction with α2B-AR is mediated via its hinge domain. Here we determined the role of a naturally occurring truncated form of GGA1 (GGA1t) which lacks the N-terminal portion of the hinge domain in α2B-AR trafficking and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. We demonstrated that both GGA1 and GGA1t were colocalized and mainly expressed at the Golgi. In marked contrast to GGA1, the expression of GGA1t significantly attenuated the cell surface export of newly synthesized α2B-AR from the Golgi and in parallel receptor-mediated signaling. Furthermore, we found that GGA1t formed homodimers and heterodimers with GGA1. More interestingly, GGA1t was unable to bind the cargo α2B-AR and to recruit clathrin onto the trans-Golgi network. These data provide evidence implicating that the truncated form of GGA1 behaviors as a dominant-negative regulator for the cell surface export of α2B-AR and this function of GGA1t is attributed to its abilities to dimerize with its wide type counterpart and to inhibit cargo interaction and clathrin recruitment to form specialized transport vesicles.
Publisher Correction: Metabarcoding of marine environmental DNA based on mitochondrial and nuclear genes
Authors: Günther Babett , Knebelsberger Thomas , Neumann Hermann , Laakmann Silke , Arbizu Pedro Martínez
Published: July 2019

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