bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exercise increases Rho‐kinase activity and insulin signaling in skeletal muscle
Authors: Muñoz Vitor R. , Gaspar Rafael C. , Kuga Gabriel K. , da Rocha Alisson L. , Crisol Barbara M. , Botezelli José D. , Baptista Igor L. , Mekary Rania A. , da Silva Adelino S. R. , Cintra Dennys E. , de Moura Leandro P. , Ropelle Eduardo R. , Pauli José R.
Published: December 2017

The effects of physical exercise on insulin signaling and glycemic homeostasis are not yet fully understood. Recent findings elucidated the positive role of Rho‐kinase (Rock) in increasing the glucose uptake through insulin receptor substrate‐1 (IRS1) phosphorylation in the skeletal muscle. Here, we explored the effects of short‐term exercise on Rock activity and insulin signaling. Fischer 344 rats (3 months old) were subjected to a short‐term swimming exercise for 2 hr per day for 5 days, with an overload corresponding to 1.5% of body weight. As expected, the exercised group had a reduced glycemia and increased insulin sensitivity. The contents of Rock1, Rock2, and Rock activity were improved in the skeletal muscle of the exercised rats. The contents of RhoA and RhoGEF, which are proteins involved in the Rock metabolism, were also increased in the skeletal muscle after exercise. These changes in the protein contents were accompanied by an increase in the insulin signaling pathway (pIRS1/pPDK/pAkt/pGSK3β/pAS160/GLUT4), Rock activity, and IRS1 phosphorylation at the 632/635 serine residues. On the other hand, when Rock was inhibited with the Y‐27632, the insulin sensitivity in response to exercise was impaired. Based on these findings, we conclude that the short‐term exercise increased both insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, through the increased Rock activity and pIRS1 (serine 632/635) mediated by Rock, in the skeletal muscle of Fischer 344 rats. These data represent an exercise‐mediated novel mechanism, suggesting an essential role of Rock activity in the insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis improvement.
IGFBP3 deposited in the human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell‐secreted extracellular matrix promotes bone formation
Authors: Deng Moyuan , Luo Keyu , Hou Tianyong , Luo Fei , Xie Zhao , Zhang Zehua , Yang Aijun , Yu Bo , Yi Shaoxuan , Tan Jiulin , Dong Shiwu , Xu Jianzhong
Published: December 2017

The extracellular matrix (ECM) contains rich biological cues for cell recruitment, proliferationm, and even differentiation. The osteoinductive potential of scaffolds could be enhanced through human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (hBMSC) directly depositing ECM on surface of scaffolds. However, the role and mechanism of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSC)‐secreted ECM in bone formation remain unknown. We tested the osteoinductive properties of a hUCMSC‐secreted ECM construct (hUCMSC‐ECM) in a large femur defect of a severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse model. The hUCMSC‐ECM improved the colonization of endogenous MSCs and bone regeneration, similar to the hUCMSC‐seeded scaffold and superior to the scaffold substrate. Besides, the hUCMSC‐ECM enhanced the promigratory molecular expressions of the homing cells, including CCR2 and TβRI. Furthermore, the hUCMSC‐ECM increased the number of migrated MSCs by nearly 3.3 ± 0.1‐fold, relative to the scaffold substrate. As the most abundant cytokine deposited in the hUCMSC‐ECM, insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) promoted hBMSC migration in the TβRI/II‐ and CCR2‐dependent mechanisms. The hUCMSC‐ECM integrating shRNA‐mediated silencing of Igfbp3 that down‐regulated IGFBP3 expression by approximately 60%, reduced the number of migrated hBMSCs by 47%. In vivo, the hUCMSC‐ECM recruited 10‐fold more endogenous MSCs to initiate bone formation compared to the scaffold substrate. The knock‐down of Igfbp3 in the hUCMSC‐ECM inhibited nearly 60% of MSC homing and bone regeneration capacity. This research demonstrates that IGFBP3 is an important MSC homing molecule and the therapeutic potential of hUCMSC‐ECM in bone regeneration is enhanced by improving MSC homing in an IGFBP3‐dependent mechanism.
Current status and future prospective of Curcumin as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of colorectal cancer
Authors: Jalili‐Nik Mohammad , Soltani Arash , Moussavi Soussan , Ghayour‐Mobarhan Majid , Ferns Gordon A. , Hassanian Seyed Mahdi , Avan Amir
Published: December 2017

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. Hence there is a need to identify new therapeutic agents that improve the current repertoire of chemotherapeutic drugs. The antitumor activity of curcumin has been reported for several tumors, including CRC. A recent phase I trial showed that curcumin is safe and tolerable adjunct to FOLFOX (5‐fluorouracil, folinic acid and oxaliplatin) chemotherapy in patient‐derived colorectal liver metastases at doses up to 2 g daily. Another trial revealed the effect of combining curcumin with FOLFOX in patients with inoperable colorectal cancer. The aim of current review was to summarize the current knowledge about possible molecular mechanisms of curcumin in CRC with particular emphasis on preclinical and early clinical studies of colorectal cancer.
XIST/miR‐544 axis induces neuropathic pain by activating STAT3 in a rat model
Authors: Jin Hui , Du Xian‐Jin , Zhao Ying , Xia Dao‐Lin
Published: December 2017

An increasing number of studies have reported that lncRNAs are responsible for the development of neuropathic pain. In our current study, chronic constriction injury (CCI) rat models were established and we observed that lncRNA XIST was greatly increased. Knockdown of XIST can relieve pain characteristics including both mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in CCI rats. Meanwhile, XIST down‐regulation could inhibit neuro‐inflammation by reducing expression of inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 and in CCI rats. By performing bioinformatics technology, miR‐544 was predicted to have interactions with XIST and dual‐luciferase reporter assays validated the correlation between them. A negative correlation between miR‐544 and XIST was observed by carrying out XIST loss or gain of function tests. miR‐544 markedly alleviated neuropathic pain development in CCI rats via targeting inflammatory cytokines, which was reversed by XIST over‐expression. Moreover, STAT3 was manifested to be a target gene of miR‐544 by bioinformatics predictions and it was activated in CCI rats. Over‐expression of STAT3 was able to induce neuropathic pain and miR‐544 inhibited this process in vivo. Furthermore, XIST increased STAT3 expression by sponging miR‐544 in neuropathic pain development. To conclude, our present study indicated that XIST can contribute to neuropathic pain progression in rats through down‐regulating miR‐544 and up‐regulating STAT3. Our results suggested that XIST/miR‐544/STAT3 axis can serve as a novel therapeutic target in neuropathic pain development.
Star chromatic index of subcubic multigraphs
Authors: Lei Hui , Shi Yongtang , Song Zi‐Xia
Published: December 2017

The star chromatic index of a multigraph G, denoted , is the minimum number of colors needed to properly color the edges of G such that no path or cycle of length four is bicolored. A multigraph G is star k‐edge‐colorable if . Dvořák, Mohar, and Šámal [Star chromatic index, J. Graph Theory 72 (2013), 313–326] proved that every subcubic multigraph is star 7‐edge‐colorable. They conjectured in the same article that every subcubic multigraph should be star 6‐edge‐colorable. In this article, we first prove that it is NP‐complete to determine whether for an arbitrary graph G. This answers a question of Mohar. We then establish some structure results on subcubic multigraphs G with such that but for any , where . We finally apply the structure results, along with a simple discharging method, to prove that every subcubic multigraph G is star 6‐edge‐colorable if , and star 5‐edge‐colorable if , respectively, where is the maximum average degree of a multigraph G. This partially confirms the conjecture of Dvořák, Mohar, and Šámal.
Rotator cuff tendon assessment using magic‐angle insensitive 3D ultrashort echo time cones magnetization transfer (UTE‐Cones‐MT) imaging and modeling with histological correlation
Authors: Zhu Yanchun , Cheng Xin , Ma Yajun , Wong Jonathan H. , Xie Yaoqin , Du Jiang , Chang Eric Y.
Published: December 2017

Background

Rotator cuff tendons (RCTs) are challenging to image due to the “magic angle effect” and their short T2.

Purpose

To assess the degree of magic angle sensitivity of human RCTs and to utilize a 3D ultrashort echo time Cones sequence with magnetization transfer preparation (UTE‐Cones‐MT) and two‐pool quantitative MT modeling with histological correlation. We hypothesized that MT parameters would be less sensitive to the magic angle compared with conventional T2 measurements.

Study Type

Prospective imaging pathologic correlation.

Specimen

Twenty cadaveric rotator cuff tendons were imaged at five sample orientations ranging from 0–90° relative to the B0 field.

Field Strength/Sequence

3T/3D UTE‐Cones‐MT and Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill (CPMG).

Assessment

Two‐pool quantitative MT modeling parameters and T2 values were calculated in regions of interest drawn by a medical physicist. Histopathological analysis was performed and mild and severe tendinopathy groups were assigned by a histopathologist and histotechnician.

Statistical Tests

Coefficients of variations (CVs) were calculated for measures between the different orientations and group means were compared for each measure.

Results

CVs of T2 and macromolecular fractions between orientations were 26.14 ± 16.82% and 6.18 ± 2.77% (mean ± SD), respectively. T2 measurements at 0°, 27°, 70°, and 90° showed significant differences between the two histological groups (P = 0.004, 0.008, 0.003, and 0.015, respectively), but not at 55° (P = 0.611). Mean T2 value ranges between orientations for the mild and severe tendinopathy groups were 15.27–30.32 msec and 20.81–35.85 msec, respectively, showing overlap despite statistically significant differences (P = 0.003). Macromolecular fractions at all angles showed significant differences between the two groups (P < 0.0001). Mean fraction ranges between orientations for the mild and severe tendinopathy groups were 14.32–17.17% and 10.00–13.75% respectively (P < 0.0001) with no overlap.

Data Conclusion

Compared with T2, macromolecular fraction obtained with the 3D UTE‐Cones‐MT technique is resistant to the magic angle effect and is more sensitive to RCT degeneration.

Level of Evidence: 1

Technical Efficacy: Stage 2

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017.
Exploring the chemistry of complex samples by tentative identification and semiquantification: A food contact material case
Authors: Pieke Eelco N. , Smedsgaard Jørn , Granby Kit
Published: December 2017

In fields such as food safety and environmental chemistry, ensuring safety is greatly challenged by large numbers of unknown substances occurring. Even with current state‐of‐the‐art mass spectrometers, dealing with nonidentified substances is a very laborious process as it includes structure elucidation of a vast number of unknowns, of which only a fraction may be relevant. Here, we present an exploration and prioritization approach based on high‐resolution mass spectrometry. The method uses algorithm‐based precursor/product‐ion correlations on quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry data to retrieve the most likely chemical match from a structure database. In addition, time‐of‐flight‐only data are used to estimate analyte concentration via semiquantification. The method is demonstrated in recycled paper food contact material. Here, 585 chromatographic peaks were discovered, of which 117 were unique to the sample and could be tentatively elucidated via accurate mass, isotopic pattern, and precursor/product‐ion correlations. Nearly 85% of these 117 peaks were matched with database entries, which provided varying certainty of information about the analyte structure. Semiquantitative concentration ranges of investigated compounds were between 0.7 and 1600 μg dm−2. With these data, a subgroup of chemicals was risk‐categorized and prioritized by using the most likely candidate structure(s) obtained. Prioritization based on expected health impact was possible by using the tentatively assigned data. Overall, the described method not only is a valuable chemical exploration tool for nonidentified substances but may also be used as a preliminary prioritization tool for substances expected to have the highest health impact, for example, in food contact materials.
Joint distribution of design precipitation and tide and impact of sampling in a coastal area
Authors: Tu Xinjun , Du Yiliang , Singh Vijay P. , Chen Xiaohong
Published: December 2017

Instream flooding in coastal areas becomes more severe when heavy precipitation and high tide occur simultaneously. Flood modelling under such conditions requires the joint design of precipitation and tide. Data of 24‐h heavy precipitation and the corresponding daily high tidal level in the Xixiang basin, south China were used. Annual maxima and peaks over threshold sampling methods were applied to construct the precipitation and tidal level series. The joint distribution of precipitation and tide was derived by Archimedean copulas and their joint return period was calculated by the Kendall measure function. Then, equalized frequency and most likely weight function methods were employed for the joint design of precipitation and tide. Results showed that for the peaks over threshold sampling heavy precipitation coincided with more and greater high tidal levels. The general normal distribution was found to fit the marginals of precipitation and tide well, but the location, scale and shape parameters of two sampling methods differed markedly for heavy precipitation and slightly for high tidal level. Although the dependence of heavy precipitation and high tidal level was quite small and positive, Archimedean copulas effectively modelled the joint distribution of precipitation and tide. Based on the equalized frequency method, the joint design precipitation and tide using Gumbel–Hougaard copula for the peaks over threshold sampling was safer than that for the annual maxima sampling. However, for the most likely weight method design pairs remarkably tended to the lower heavy precipitation and the higher high tidal level. If the sampling method and the joint distribution were determined, a reciprocal situation for the design pairs of precipitation and tide occurred for a given joint return period, that is, a greater design value of heavy precipitation corresponded to a smaller design value of high tidal level, and vice versa. Therefore, which design method was safer was underdetermined.
Reducing Trap‐Assisted Recombination in Small Organic Molecule‐Based Photovoltaics by the Addition of a Conjugated Block Copolymer
Authors: Cho Kyuwan , Kim Jinseck , Yoon So Yeon , Ryu Ka Yeon , Jang Song‐Rim , Lim Bogyu , Kim Kyungkon
Published: December 2017

The performance of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) based on the small‐molecule organic semiconductor p‐DTS(FBTTh2)2 is greatly improved by the addition of a conjugated block copolymer composed of difluoroquinoxaline and thienopyrrolodione blocks (D130). The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the p‐DTS(FBTTh2)2‐based OPV is improved from 5.08% to 6.75% by the addition of 5 wt% D130 to the photoactive layer, which is composed of p‐DTS(FBTTh2)2 and a fullerene derivative. Current–voltage and grazing incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering analyses revealed that the addition of D130 significantly reduces the trap density of the device and changes the packing orientation of p‐DTS(FBTTh2)2 from mostly edge‐on to partially face‐on. These changes greatly improve the charge carrier mobility of the OPV, indicating that D130 is highly compatible with p‐DTS(FBTTh2)2. Furthermore, the addition of D130 improve the photostability of the OPV by reducing the burn‐in loss under a light soaking intensity of 1 sun. The D130‐based OPV maintained 34% of its initial PCE after a light soaking test for 858 h. In contrast, the PCE of the OPV without D130 reduced to 14% of its initial efficiency in the same time period.
Residual stress formation after re‐contouring of micro‐plasma welded Ti−6Al−4 V parts by means of ball end milling
Authors: Denkena B. , Grove T. , Mücke A. , Langen D. , Nespor D. , Hassel T.
Published: December 2017

During the regeneration of damaged components such as compressor blades, the weld repair is followed by machining processes. Excess weld material is removed in a cutting process in order to reproduce the final contour. Therefore, both processe have to be considered regarding the resulting surface and functional properties of the repaired component. In this study, bead on plate welds are produced on 10 mm Ti‐6Al‐4 V sheets using micro‐plasma welding with different levels of welding current. They are subsequently re‐contoured via ball end milling using tools of different cutting edge radii. The residual stress depth profile is measured using X‐ray diffractometry. It is shown that the final residual stress depth profile is mainly influenced by the milling process when machining with rounded cutting edges.
Advanced topology optimization
Authors: Nishiwaki Shinji , Terada Kenjiro
Published: December 2017

This special issue contains 12 papers on topology optimization that address research topics dealing with a variety of engineering approaches, ranging from theoretical approaches to industrial applications powering the most recent advances in topology optimization.
Evidence of a gap in understanding obesity among physicians
Authors: Tsai A. G. , Histon T. , Kyle T. K. , Rubenstein N. , Donahoo W. T.
Published: December 2017

Background

Experience suggests that some physicians view obesity as a purely lifestyle condition rather than a chronic metabolic disease. Physicians may not be aware of the role of biological factors in causing weight regain after an initial weight loss.

Methods

A questionnaire was administered at continuing medical education conferences, both primary care and obesity‐specific. The questionnaire included items about biological and behavioral factors that predispose to weight regain and general items about treatment of obesity. The sample was separated into primary care physicians (PCPs) and physicians preparing for the obesity medicine (OMs) exam.

Results

Among all respondents, behavioral factors were given higher importance ratings, relative to biological factors in causing weight regain. Respondents rated behaviour modification as more effective, relative to medications or surgery to treat obesity. OMs gave higher importance ratings to biological factors, relative to PCPs. OMs also gave higher effectiveness ratings for medications and surgery, relative to PCPs. However, even OMs gave higher effectiveness ratings for behaviour modification, relative to medications or surgery. Respondents who reported a belief in the role of behavioral factors rated lifestyle modification as more effective. Respondents who reported a belief in both behavioral and biological factors rated medications as more effective.

Conclusions

Physicians rate biological factors as less important, relative to behavioral factors in causing weight regain. Physicians rate medications and surgery as less effective, relative to lifestyle modification alone. Belief in the importance of behavioral factors correlated with a higher effectiveness rating for lifestyle modification. A better understanding of the biological basis for weight regain may help to increase comfort with the use of biological treatments for obesity.
Illness and end‐of‐life experiences of children with cancer who receive palliative care
Authors: Kaye Erica C. , Gushue Courtney A. , DeMarsh Samantha , Jerkins Jonathan , Sykes April , Lu Zhaohua , Snaman Jennifer M. , Blazin Lindsay , Johnson Liza‐Marie , Levine Deena R. , Morrison R. Ray , Baker Justin N.
Published: December 2017

Background

The field of pediatric palliative oncology is newly emerging. Little is known about the characteristics and illness experiences of children with cancer who receive palliative care (PC).

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of 321 pediatric oncology patients enrolled in PC who died between 2011 and 2015 was conducted at a large academic pediatric cancer center using a comprehensive standardized data extraction tool.

Results

The majority of pediatric palliative oncology patients received experimental therapy (79.4%), with 40.5% enrolled on a phase I trial. Approximately one‐third received cancer‐directed therapy during the last month of life (35.5%). More than half had at least one intensive care unit hospitalization (51.4%), with this subset demonstrating considerable exposure to mechanical ventilation (44.8%), invasive procedures (20%), and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (12.1%). Of the 122 patients who died in the hospital, 44.3% died in the intensive care unit. Patients with late PC involvement occurring less than 30 days before death had higher odds of dying in the intensive care unit over the home/hospice setting compared to those with earlier PC involvement (OR: 4.7, 95% CI: 2.47–8.97, P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Children with cancer who receive PC experience a high burden of intensive treatments and often die in inpatient intensive care settings. Delayed PC involvement is associated with increased odds of dying in the intensive care unit. Prospective investigation of early PC involvement in children with high‐risk cancer is needed to better understand potential impacts on cost‐effectiveness, quality of life, and delivery of goal concordant care.
Think pyomyositis!
Authors: Nainan Ann , Shagali Hind , Srinivasan Balasubramanian , Tarik Ammar
Published: December 2017

Uncontrolled diabetes is associated with increased risk of infections. An uncommon but rather serious infection is pyomyositis which is a purulent infection of the skeletal muscle. Delay in recognition and diagnosis can lead to serious complications.

We report the case of a 44‐year‐old male patient with a background of uncontrolled diabetes who presented with bilateral thigh pain and progressive leg weakness over three weeks. He had no other comorbidities and he denied any recent trauma or foreign travel. On examination he had multiple hard lumps in both thighs and blood results showed leucocytosis and raised inflammatory markers. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed multiple bilateral thigh abscesses. The diagnosis of pyomyositis was made and drains were inserted into the two largest abscesses. Simultaneously, he was started on antibiotics based on the drained fluid culture and sensitivity. On drainage of the abscesses and completion of eight weeks of antibiotics, he gradually regained the lower limbs' power and the thigh pain resolved. His recovery was aided by the better control of diabetes with insulin therapy.

Pyomyositis is mainly encountered in tropical areas. Non‐tropical pyomyositis is more common in immunocompromised patients and patients with uncontrolled diabetes. It requires a high index of suspicion because of its indolent presentation that may mimic other pathologies like cellulitis, diabetic amyotrophy, septic arthritis and deep vein thrombosis. MRI is the best diagnostic tool to differentiate pyomyositis from these disorders. Early diagnosis and intervention with drainage of the abscesses and appropriate antibiotics prevent serious complications and improve the outcome. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons.
Degradation of metronidazole by radio frequency discharge in an aqueous solution
Authors: Wang Lei , Wang Jinxiu , Lin Junxin , Zhang Songlin , Liu Yongjun
Published: December 2017

Degradation of metronidazole (MNZ) by radio frequency discharge in water was examined. Results showed that •OH, H•, and •O were produced. Decay of MNZ followed pseudo‐first order kinetics, where the apparent rate constant was independent of its initial concentration in the range 0–0.5 mM, decreased in the range 0.5–1.0 mM, and leveled off in the range higher than 1.0 mM. pH had no effects on MNZ degradation. •OH scavengers enhanced the MNZ removal. Formic acid, nitrite ion, oxalic acid, nitrate ion, and acetic acid were determined as the primary intermediate byproducts. The eventual products were ammonia and inorganic carbon. Both •OH and H• participated in the MNZ degradation. H• played more efficient role than •OH in the early stage.
Revisiting Bevacizumab + Cytotoxics Scheduling Using Mathematical Modeling: Proof of Concept Study in Experimental Non‐Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Authors: Imbs Diane‐Charlotte , El Cheikh Raouf , Boyer Arnaud , Ciccolini Joseph , Mascaux Céline , Lacarelle Bruno , Barlesi Fabrice , Barbolosi Dominique , Benzekry Sébastien
Published: December 2017

Concomitant administration of bevacizumab and pemetrexed‐cisplatin is a common treatment for advanced nonsquamous non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Vascular normalization following bevacizumab administration may transiently enhance drug delivery, suggesting improved efficacy with sequential administration. To investigate optimal scheduling, we conducted a study in NSCLC‐bearing mice. First, experiments demonstrated improved efficacy when using sequential vs. concomitant scheduling of bevacizumab and chemotherapy. Combining this data with a mathematical model of tumor growth under therapy accounting for the normalization effect, we predicted an optimal delay of 2.8 days between bevacizumab and chemotherapy. This prediction was confirmed experimentally, with reduced tumor growth of 38% as compared to concomitant scheduling, and prolonged survival (74 vs. 70 days). Alternate sequencing of 8 days failed in achieving a similar increase in efficacy, thus emphasizing the utility of modeling support to identify optimal scheduling. The model could also be a useful tool in the clinic to personally tailor regimen sequences.
Model‐Based Evaluation of Radiation and Radiosensitizing Agents in Oncology
Authors: Cardilin Tim , Almquist Joachim , Jirstrand Mats , Zimmermann Astrid , El Bawab Samer , Gabrielsson Johan
Published: December 2017

Radiotherapy is one of the major therapy forms in oncology, and combination therapies involving radiation and chemical compounds can yield highly effective tumor eradication. In this paper, we develop a tumor growth inhibition model for combination therapy with radiation and radiosensitizing agents. Moreover, we extend previous analyses of drug combinations by introducing the tumor static exposure (TSE) curve. The TSE curve for radiation and radiosensitizer visualizes exposure combinations sufficient for tumor regression. The model and TSE analysis are then tested on xenograft data. The calibrated model indicates that the highest dose of combination therapy increases the time until tumor regrowth 10‐fold. The TSE curve shows that with an average radiosensitizer concentration of
the radiation dose can be decreased from
to
. Finally, we successfully predict the effect of a clinically relevant treatment schedule, which contributes to validating both the model and the TSE concept.
Entwicklung eines neuen Single‐Push‐Out‐Versuchsstands zur zyklischen Untersuchung der Verbunddübelleiste
Authors: Wolters Kevin , Kopp Maik , Feldmann Markus
Published: December 2017

Das Tragverhalten der Verbunddübelleiste bei statischer Beanspruchung ist weitestgehend erforscht [1], sodass Verbundkonstruktionen mit Verbunddübelleisten nach den Regeln der entsprechenden Allgemeinen bauaufsichtlichen Zulassung [2] bemessen werden können. Das Ermüdungskonzept der Verbunddübelleiste zielt jedoch bislang stark vereinfachend darauf ab, jegliche Ermüdungsschäden der Verbundpartner Stahl und Beton auszuschließen. Eine Erweiterung des Ermüdungskonzepts durch die Berücksichtigung von Resttragfähigkeiten angerissener Stahlzähne sowie von Kraftumlagerungen im Träger hin zu weniger belasteten Verbunddübel birgt große ökonomische Potentiale und ist Ziel eines von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) finanzierten Projekts.

Im ersten Schritt soll dabei das Ermüdungsverhalten eines einzigen Verbunddübels in Kleinteilversuchen untersucht werden. Um die Kraft‐ und Spannungsverhältnisse innerhalb eines Verbundträgers möglichst exakt mit den Kleinteilversuchen wiederzugeben, wurde ein neuer Single‐Push‐Out‐Versuchsstand entwickelt, in dem durch eine Schrägstellung des Prüfkörpers die Lasteinleitung, die resultierende Kraftübertragung zwischen Stahl und Beton und die Auflagerkraft in einer Wirkungslinie liegen. Anhand von FE‐Untersuchungen kann so gezeigt werden, dass sowohl die Spannungsverteilungen im Stahlzahn als auch der Kraft‐Schlupf‐Verlauf eines Verbunddübels in Kleinteilversuch und Verbundträger übereinstimmen.
Instandsetzungs‐ und Sicherungsmaßnahmen bei den Rheinbrücken Leverkusen und Duisburg‐Neuenkamp – ein Zwischenbericht (Teil 2)
Authors: Paschen Michael , Hensen Wolfgang , Hamme Markus
Published: December 2017

(Fortsetzung aus H. 7/2017, [16])
Zur Berechnung und Bemessung von Klebverbindungen aus der Sicht des Stahlbaus
Authors: Feldmann Markus , Richter Carl , Abeln Björn , Schaaf Benjamin
Published: December 2017

Beim Einsatz geklebter Verbindungen sind verschiedene Gesichtspunkte zu beachten: die Klebstoffsysteme unter Berücksichtigung der Substratwerkstoffe und der Oberflächenzustände, die Bemessung unter Beachtung der permanenten und transienten Einwirkungen sowie die Ausführung. Alle drei Bereiche haben Einfluss auf die Zuverlässigkeit. In puncto Berechnung jedoch wird dem wirklichen mechanischen Verhalten der Klebfuge in der Praxis nicht Rechnung getragen. Die derzeit verwendeten Ingenieurmodelle schlagen auch bei Berücksichtigung von lokalen Spannungsspitzen häufig fehl. Das ist mit ein Grund für sehr hohe Sicherheitsfaktoren. Der vorliegende Artikel erläutert die für den Bauingenieur relevanten Berechnungsansätze. Weiter werden Möglichkeiten diskutiert, wie die Berechnung von hyperelastischem, aber auch elastoplastischem Klebstoffverhalten, basierend auf dem Spannungszustand von energetischen Ansätzen in gewohnte Gleichgewichtsansätze überführt werden können.
PLSNet: hierarchical feature extraction using partial least squares regression for image classification
Authors: Hasegawa Ryoma , Hotta Kazuhiro
Published: December 2017

In this paper, we propose an image classification method using partial least squares (PLS) regression. PCANet is a hierarchical feature extraction using principal component analysis (PCA) for image classification, which obtained high accuracies on a variety of datasets. PCA projects explanatory variables on a subspace that the first component has the largest variance. In contrast to PCA, PLS projects explanatory variables on a subspace that the first component has the largest covariance between explanatory and objective variables. If class labels are used as objective variables, the subspace is more suitable for classification than PCA. Therefore, we combine PLS with the network architecture of PCANet and call the method ‘PLSNet’. It obtained higher accuracies than PCANet on the MNIST and CIFAR‐10 datasets. Furthermore, we improve the way to learn filters at the second stage and call the method ‘Improved PLSNet’. It obtained higher accuracies than PLSNet.
A call triage support system for emergency medical service using multiple random forests
Authors: Yasuda Tohta , Yamada Yuki , Hamatsu Fumiya , Hamagami Tomoki
Published: December 2017

This paper proposes a call triage system for emergency medical service with multiple random forests (RFs). A call triage is an operation to determine the level of first‐aid service quality required based on the severity and urgency of a victim. The aim is to achieve higher overall performance and clarify the method for deciding the determination thresholds while simultaneously achieving both fail‐safe determination and overall accuracy. To achieve the former aim, we apply the RF to determine the category. Furthermore, to achieve the latter aim, we propose a new algorithm for determining the severity using multiple RFs. The results of evaluation experiment show that the proposed algorithm can provide both accuracy and fail‐safe operation in the determination of severity.
Lexical Coverage of TED Talks: Implications for Vocabulary Instruction
Authors: Nurmukhamedov Ulugbek
Published: December 2017

Teachers of English are often in search of authentic audio and video materials that promote learners’ listening comprehension and vocabulary development. TED Talks, a set of freely available web presentations, could be a useful resource to promote vocabulary instruction. The present replication study examines the lexical coverage of TED Talks by using a corpus comprised of TED Talks presentations. Transcripts of 400 presentations (a total running time of 100 hr and 19 min) were analyzed to determine the vocabulary size necessary to understand 95% and 98% of the words in TED Talks presentations. The findings suggest that 4,000 word families (plus proper nouns and marginal words) provided 95% coverage, and 8,000 word families (plus proper nouns and marginal words) provided 98% of TED Talks presentations. The current study confirms the findings from previous studies that analyzed TED Talks (Coxhead & Walls, ) and academic spoken English (Dang & Webb, ), suggesting that a wider range of vocabulary (closer to vocabulary coverage for written texts) is necessary to watch and comprehend TED Talks presentations. Based on the findings, the present article provides English language teachers with several learner‐friendly suggestions about how TED Talks presentations could be used to expand learners’ vocabulary.
What is the level of evidence for the use of currently available technologies in facilitating the self-management of difficulties associated with ADHD in children and young people? A systematic review
Authors: Powell Lauren , Parker Jack , Harpin Valerie
Published: December 2017

A number of technologies to help self-manage attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and young people (YP) have been developed. This review will assess the level of evidence for the use of such technologies. The review was undertaken in accordance with the general principles recommended in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. 7545 studies were screened. Fourteen studies of technology that aim to self-manage difficulties associated with ADHD in children and YP were included. Primary outcome measures were measures that assessed difficulties related to ADHD. Databases searched were MEDLINE, Web of Science (Core collection), CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, ProQuest ASSIA, PsycINFO and Scopus. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed. This review highlights the potential for the use of technology in paediatric ADHD management. However, it also demonstrates that current research lacks robustness; using small sample sizes, non-validated outcome measures and little psychoeducation component. Future research is required to investigate the value of technology in supporting children and YP with ADHD and a focus psychoeducation is needed.
Extranodal lymphoma arising within the maxillary alveolus: a systematic review
Authors: MacDonald David , Lim Sean
Published: December 2017

Objectives

Extranodal lymphomas affecting the head and neck infrequently arise within the jaw bones. Although clinical examination and conventional radiography may initially suffice for such lesions arising within the mandible, those arising within the maxillary alveolus generally require cross-sectional imaging because of the complex anatomy of this region. This study was performed to determine the prevalence, demographic characteristics, and clinical presentations of these lesions and the imaging modalities used for their diagnosis.

Study design

A systematic review (SR) on case series and another SR on case reports were performed to investigate the demographic, clinical, and radiological features of extranodal lymphomas arising within the maxillary alveolus.

Results

Most case series were derived from just four nations, whereas the case reports were derived from a wider range of ethnicities. The more detailed case reports significantly reported at least one imaging modality. Most patients were aware of their lesions for nearly 2 months before presentation. The most frequent symptom was swelling. Most case reports included a provisional diagnosis, the most frequent of which was dental infection followed by squamous cell carcinoma.

Discussion

Extranodal lymphomas arising within the maxillary alveolus were sufficiently frequent in four communities to be reported in two or more case series, and the occasional single case report indicated that such lesions are more widespread globally. Although the SR on case series revealed differences in the relative period prevalence and maxillary/mandibular ratio, the SR on case reports revealed details of the clinical presentation and imaging modalities used.
Self‐Efficacy and Pressure Ulcer Prevention After Spinal Cord Injury—Results From a Nationwide Community Survey in Switzerland (SwiSCI)
Authors: Hug Kerstin , Stumm Caroline , Debecker Isabelle , Fellinghauer Carolina Saskia , Peter Claudio , Hund‐Georgiadis Margret
Published: December 2017

Background

Pressure ulcers (PUs) are a common and severe health condition in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI). Skin‐care strategies for PU prevention are usually provided during initial rehabilitation. However, individuals with SCI often do not perform these strategies continuously, especially after discharge. The influence of psychological factors such as general self‐efficacy (GSE) on the performance of PU prevention behavior has not yet been sufficiently explored.

Objective

To investigate whether persons with greater levels of GSE are more likely to perform skin‐care strategies for PU prevention regularly.

Design

Nationwide cross‐sectional survey within the Swiss Spinal Cord Injury Cohort Study.

Setting

Community setting, data collection between 2011 and 2013.

Participants

A total of 456 subjects with a traumatic or nontraumatic SCI living in Switzerland.

Methods

Associations between GSE and PU prevention behavior were analyzed by multivariate proportional odds regression models, including potential sociodemographic, lesion‐related, and lifestyle‐related confounders without and with interaction terms between GSE and potential effect modifiers.

Main Outcome Measurements

Self‐efficacy was assessed by the GSE scale comprising 10 items. PU preventive behavior was operationalized using 5 items of an adapted version of the Spinal Cord Injury Lifestyle scale. Both measurements were components of a self‐administered questionnaire.

Results

Based on the regression model without interaction terms, GSE levels were not associated with skin‐care PU prevention. After we included interaction terms, the final model showed statistically significant associations between GSE and 3 skin‐care items with odds ratios ranging from 1.09 to 1.17 (all P < .001). The slightly positive effect of GSE on PU prevention behavior was restricted to persons who sustained their SCI at a younger age.

Conclusions

GSE was generally not associated with skin‐care PU prevention behavior among persons with SCI in this study. In further research, it might be of interest to assess SCI‐specific concepts of self‐efficacy.

Level of Evidence

III
John 15.14 and the ΦΙΛ- Lexeme in Light of Numismatic Evidence: Friendship or Obedience?
Authors: Theophilos Michael P.
Published: December 2017

Commentators regularly note the alleged tension in John 15 between ‘friendship’ and ‘obedience’. This article employs numismatic inscriptional evidence to explore the ΦΙΛ- lexeme and more carefully denote the semantic domains of relevant terminology. This analysis confirms that no such tension exists within the socio-political context in which the Gospel was written. The inclusion of specific political terminology on Roman coins (for example, ΦΙΛΙΑ; ΦΙΛΟΚΑΙΣΑΡ; ΦΙΛΟΚΛΑΥΔΙΟΣ; ΦΙΛΟΡΩΜΑΙΟΣ; ΦΙΛΟΣΕΒΑΣΤΩΝ) was one way in which elite concepts of political friendship, evidenced in Cicero and Seneca, were communicated to the masses. In light of the numismatic evidence, the ΦΙΛ- lexeme can refer not only to the emotional bond of friendship, but also the dimension of obligation.
Dark timbre: the aesthetics of tone colour in goth music
Authors: Van Elferen Isabella
Published: December 2017

Timbre is a key aspect of musical practice and aesthetics. Artists use instrumentation, vocal technique, and production technology to create precise tone colours; listeners are able to identify genres, artists and connotations through timbre. However, critical assessment of its ephemeral musical agency is scarce. This article develops a theory of timbre. Goth music, which privileges tone colour in production, performance, and aesthetic, is a case in point for the ungraspable agency of this musical parameter. Timbral analyses of two goth tracks, Veil of Light's ‘Cold skin’ and Sopor Aeternus and the Ensemble of Shadows's ‘Dreamland’, will assess tone colour's relation to identity and difference (Walser), signification and corporeality (Barthes, Ihde), and the surplus of meaning and embodiment (Dolar). The article will argue that timbral aesthetics are characterised by the paradox of present absence: it indicates corporeality and meaning but simultaneously exceeds both. Tangible but also disembodied, immersive but also meaningless, it is no wonder that goth exploits timbre's dark agency.
‘Indiestanbul’: counter-hegemonic music and third republicanism in Turkey
Authors: Parkinson Tom
Published: December 2017

This article contributes to the growing research base in Turkish popular music studies with a focus on indie music from Istanbul. It situates this music within Turkey's contemporary social, cultural and political landscapes, and in relation to the country's historical cultural narrative. Istanbul indie musicians’ responses to the 2013 Gezi protests suggest that indie's counter-hegemonic aesthetics are being explored and engaged with in alignment with ‘Third Republicanism’, an emerging vision for Turkey that holds liberalism and human rights as its core ideals where the ‘First’ and ‘Second’ Republican visions held secularism and Islam respectively.
The Need for Governance of Climate Geoengineering
Authors: Pasztor Janos
Published: December 2017

Keeping global temperature rise to within 1.5–2 degrees Celsius above preindustrial levels is looking increasingly unlikely through mitigation alone. While increased adaptation to inevitable climate impacts will be necessary, a new realism is creeping into the climate debate. A growing number of scientists are proposing geoengineering technologies to deal with the expected shortfall, both through carbon dioxide removal and possibly through solar radiation management. But both approaches bring risks and pose significant governance challenges, and would likely affect different communities in different ways. As geoengineering moves mainstream, it is time to put governance at the heart of future discussion, and to broaden the debate from academia to governments, treaty bodies, faith groups, and civic organizations.

The Carnegie Climate Geoengineering Governance Initiative is a major new effort to catalyze this conversation, bringing together players from a wide range of social, geographical, and professional backgrounds. It argues that policymakers need to take an ethical risk management approach, informed by continued research. How should transborder and transgenerational ethical issues be addressed? How will governance frameworks withstand geopolitical change? Can we build on existing international treaties and institutions, or do we need new ones? And most immediately, how should further research on solar engineering be governed—given current plans to start experiments in the stratosphere? In a geoengineered world, who controls the “global thermostat”?
Calculating the Incalculable: Is SAI the Lesser of Two Evils?
Authors: Hulme Mike
Published: December 2017

Christopher J. Preston's use of the doctrine of double effect to claim that hypothetical climate engineers might very well be less culpable for climate harms than those who continue to emit greenhouse gases is unpersuasive. His argument rests shakily on the ability to determine and quantify climate harms and to distinguish forensically between their causes. He is also largely silent about the distributional effects of these harms and their ethical and political ramifications.
VENUS LORE IN THE POSTCLASSIC MAYA CODICES: DEITY MANIFESTATIONS OF THE MORNING AND EVENING STAR
Authors: Vail Gabrielle
Published: December 2017

This study explores the mythology surrounding the appearances and disappearances of Venus from the sky and the role the morning and evening star aspects of Venus played in Maya divinatory and astronomical texts. Ethnographic and ethnohistoric sources link the morning star aspect of Venus with a series of bearded hunting deities. Representations of these figures—armed with the accoutrements of Venus—have recently been identified in the hunting almanacs of the Madrid Codex. Other codical manifestations of Venus include the rain deity Chaak, who appears as both the morning and evening star, and the merchant deity God M, who may have had evening star associations in certain contexts. Significant correspondences exist between the Maya Hero Twins of thePopol Vuhand the War Twins highlighted in creation narratives of Zuni culture, who correspond to the morning and evening star. The celestial roles of both sets of twins will be explored to better understand their function in ceremonial and calendrical contexts.
Climate change? Archaeology and Anthropocene
Authors: Pétursdóttir Þóra
Published: December 2017

As we pass into an age of the Anthropocene, archaeologists, as scholars of other disciplines, are driven to consider how this physical and ideological climate change affects our craft, or how archaeology can contribute with knowledge and insight of significance in a shifting world. Basing its arguments on research conducted on marine debris and drift beaches in northern Norway and Iceland, the aim of this article is to imagine what kind of alternative ways of doing and thinking archaeology the current climate is calling for. With reference to this material, which conspicuously manifests both obstacles and promises for an ‘Anthropocene archaeology’, the article will question the worth of some perspectives traditionally considered essential to our discipline, while simultaneously building on confidence in a sincerelyarchaeologicalimagination.
Not to throw the baby out with the bathwater. A response to Gosselain's article
Authors: Roux Valentine
Published: December 2017

In a provocative article published recently in Archaeological dialogues (23(2)), Olivier Gosselain proposes ‘to get rid of ethnoarchaeology once and for all, and join forces with other, more serious, disciplines’. In this reaction article, I challenge Gosselain's sweeping statements about ethnoarcaheology. In particular I argue against the notion that methodological weakness is unique to ethnoarchaeology, that the questions under study ignore the complexity of the social context, and that the search for cross-cultural regularities denies the historical dimension of technical practices. In conclusion, I suggest that rather than getting rid of ethnoarchaeology, it would be more helpful to meet the ambitious goals of ethnoarchaeology by improving and strengthening the methodology.