bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Concentration, salt and temperature dependence of strain hardening of step shear in CTAB/NaSal surfactant solutions
Authors: Adams Abdulrazaq A. , Solomon Michael J. , Larson Ronald G. , Xia Xiaolin
Published: August 2017

By measuring stress relaxation following a step strain, we find that strain hardening is prevalent over a temperature range of 15–25 °C for a solution of cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) with the added hydrotrope sodium salicylate (NaSal) at hydrotrope-to-surfactant concentration ratios (CS/CD) between 0.5 and 3.0. The extent of strain hardening upon nonlinear deformation varies nonmonotonically as a function of salt-to-surfactant ratio for different temperatures. As the strain amplitude is progressively increased, a transition from strain hardening to softening or linear response is observed at strains that are dependent on temperature and concentration. Strain hardening was also found in CTAB when using sodium 3-Hydroxy-2-naphthoate as a hydrotrope with CTAB, but solutions of anionic sodium lauryl sulfate surfactants in salt with no hydrotrope showed no strain hardening, indicating that the hydrotrope is critical to obtaining strain hardening in step strains. The results indicate a stress relaxation mechanism that is more complex than that of simple disentanglement and micelle breakage and rejoining, possibly involving strain-induced associations between micelles facilitated by hydrotropes that may act as linkers.
Robust epitaxial growth of two-dimensional heterostructures, multiheterostructures, and superlattices
Authors: Zhang Zhengwei , Chen Peng , Duan Xidong , Zang Ketao , Luo Jun , Duan Xiangfeng
Published: August 2017

Cycling 2D crystal growth

The electronic and optical properties of two-dimensional (2D) transitional metal dichalcogenides such as MoS
2
and WSe
2
could be modulated by creating in-plane superlattices and heterostructures from these materials. However, single layers of these materials are fragile and often do not withstand the processing conditions needed during subsequent growth steps. Zhang
et al.
developed a reverse-flow reactor that avoids thermal degradation and unwanted crystal nucleation. They demonstrate several examples of block-by-block epitaxial growth, such as 2D heterostructures where MoS
2
surrounds a WS
2
core and superlattices where the composition alternates between WS
2
and WSe
2
.

Science
, this issue p.
788
Genome Sequence of a Podovirus (AAPEc6) Isolated from Wastewater in New Zealand That Infects Escherichia coli O45:H10
Authors: Nonis Judith , Premaratne Aruni , Billington Craig , Varsani Arvind
Published: August 2017

Bacteriophages are ideal candidates for pathogen biocontrol to mitigate outbreaks of prevalent foodborne pathogens, such as
Escherichia coli
. We identified a bacteriophage (AAPEc6) from wastewater that infects
E. coli
O45:H10. The AAPEc6 genome sequence shares 93% identity (with 92% coverage) to enterobacterial phage K1E (
Sp6likevirus
) in the
Autographivirinae
subfamily (
Podoviridae
).
Whole-Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus sakei LT-13 Isolated from Moto Starter of Sake
Authors: Kato Shiro , Oikawa Tadao
Published: August 2017

Lactobacillus sakei
strain LT-13 is a lactic acid bacterium isolated from moto starter of Japanese sake. This genome analysis revealed that the genome is composed of a circular chromosome and one plasmid, which contain 1,938 and 8 putative protein-coding genes, respectively.
Genome Sequence of the Yeast Clavispora lusitaniae Type Strain CBS 6936
Authors: Durrens Pascal , Klopp Christophe , Biteau Nicolas , Fitton-Ouhabi Valérie , Dementhon Karine , Accoceberry Isabelle , Sherman David J. , Noël Thierry
Published: August 2017

Clavispora lusitaniae
, an environmental saprophytic yeast belonging to the CTG clade of
Candida
, can behave occasionally as an opportunistic pathogen in humans. We report here the genome sequence of the type strain CBS 6936. Comparison with sequences of strain ATCC 42720 indicates conservation of chromosomal structure but significant nucleotide divergence.
Complete Genome Sequence of Achromobacter denitrificans PR1
Authors: Reis Ana C. , Kroll Kevin , Gomila Margarita , Kolvenbach Boris A. , Corvini Philippe F. X. , Nunes Olga C.
Published: August 2017

Achromobacter denitrificans
strain PR1 was isolated from an enrichment culture able to use sulfamethoxazole as an energy source. Here, we describe the complete genome of this strain sequenced by Illumina MiSeq and Oxford Nanopore MinION.
Clinical outcomes after implantation of a toric intraocular lens with a transitional conic toric surface
Authors: Thomas Bettina C , Khoramnia Ramin , Auffarth Gerd U , Holzer Mike P
Published: August 2017

Purpose

To evaluate the postoperative outcomes after implantation of a hydrophilic toric intraocular lens (tIOL) with a transitional conic toric surface in patients with astigmatism undergoing refractive lens exchange (RLE) or cataract surgery.

Methods

In this monocentric study, clinical outcomes following implantation of the hydrophilic Precizon toric IOL model 565 (Ophtec) were analysed. For intraoperative axis alignment, the Verion Image Guided System was used. Intended versus achieved refraction, IOL position, visual acuity outcomes and power vector analyses were evaluated 3 months postoperatively.

Results

Forty-three eyes of 28 patients (40 eyes cataract, 3 eyes RLE) received a Precizon toric IOL with a cylindrical power between 1.0 and 7.5 D. Target refraction was emmetropia except for four eyes that had a myopic target. The median postoperative IOL rotation at slit lamp was 3° with a range from 0° to 16°. Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) increased from median 0.5 logMAR preoperatively to median 0.06 logMAR at 3 months postoperatively. Corrected distance visual acuity increased from 0.20 to −0.02 logMAR. Median preoperative subjective cylinder was 1.5 D and 3 months postoperatively 0.25 D.

Conclusion

Preoperative diagnostics, IOL selection and correct intraoperative positioning of tIOLs are essential for good outcomes and postoperative spectacle independence following cataract or RLE surgery. Visual acuities and rotational stability of the Precizon toric IOL showed very good outcomes and the subjective postoperative astigmatism could be reduced significantly.
On‐farm euthanasia practices and attitudes of commercial meat rabbit producers
Authors: Walsh Jessica , Percival Aaron , Tapscott Brian , Turner Patricia V
Published: August 2017

Appropriate and timely on‐farm euthanasia is the responsibility of the producer, working together with their herd veterinarian. Unfortunately, validated methods for euthanasia of commercial meat rabbits are lacking and there are few educational materials available for producer training. Because euthanasia must be performed in a timely fashion to minimise suffering, it is critical to ensure that methods used are aesthetic, humane and effective. We surveyed Canadian meat rabbit producers for current on‐farm euthanasia practices as well as attitudes towards the methods they employed and thoughts on novel euthanasia techniques. Surveys were distributed with a response rate of 26 per cent (n=26). Blunt force trauma was the most common euthanasia method used (54 per cent), followed by assisted manual cervical dislocation (31 per cent). Half of producers admitted to not having a euthanasia method in place for all age groups of rabbits, instead electing to let sick and injured rabbits die on their own. While some producers reported feeling highly skilled and satisfied with their current euthanasia method, 58 per cent reported concerns with their current method and 42 per cent desired alternative methods to be developed. Responses to additional questions on training and awareness of euthanasia resources indicated that veterinarians are not part of on‐farm euthanasia planning for meat rabbits.
Transmission of Mycobacterium xenopi to a pet albino ferret (Mustela putorius furo) from a domestic aquarium
Authors: Davendralingam Natasha , Davagnanam Indran , Stidworthy Mark Frederick , Baldrey Vicki , Peters Laureen Michele , Stapleton Nadene
Published: August 2017

A three‐year‐old ferret presented with a three‐month history of rapid clinical deterioration necessitating euthanasia shortly after initial veterinary assessment. Postmortem PCR testing confirmed Mycobacterium xenopi which is most commonly identified in amphibians, reptiles and aquatic life. Infection of a captive‐bred domestic ferret is highly unusual. A collaborative effort involving medical doctors, clinical veterinarians and veterinary pathologists investigated the potential sources of human‐animal, animal‐animal and environmental‐animal M xenopi transmission. No human‐animal or animal‐animal risks were identified. As the affected ferret was the only ferret to have regular exposure to the owner's aquarium, a postmortem study of a dead guppy and aquarium water analysis were performed which confirmed mycobacteriosis. Although M xenopi was not specifically cultured, as a slow‐growing organism, M xenopi may have been outgrown by more rapidly growing mycobacteria or Gram‐positive bacilli present in the water. Thus, transmission of M xenopi via aquarium exposure was certainly plausible. This is the second documented case of M xenopi in a ferret and the first to determine a source of infection. This report highlights the previously recognised risk of mycobacterial exposure from aquaria and that caution is required before allowing domestic ferrets to have contact with potentially infected water reservoirs due to its fatal nature in this vulnerable species.
Carbohydrate and protein intake during exertional heat stress ameliorates intestinal epithelial injury and small intestine permeability
Authors: Snipe Rhiannon M.J. , Khoo Anthony , Kitic Cecilia M. , Gibson Peter R. , Costa Ricardo J.S.
Published: August 2017

Exertional heat stress (EHS) disturbs the integrity of the gastrointestinal tract leading to endotoxaemia and cytokinaemia, which have symptomatic and health implications. This study aimed to determine the effects of carbohydrate and protein intake during EHS on gastrointestinal integrity, symptoms, and systemic responses. Eleven (male, n = 6; female, n = 5) endurance runners completed 2 h of running at 60% maximal oxygen uptake in 35 °C ambient temperature on 3 occasions in randomised order, consuming water (WATER), 15 g glucose (GLUC), or energy-matched whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) before and every 20 min during EHS. Rectal temperature and gastrointestinal symptoms were recorded every 10 min during EHS. Blood was collected pre- and post-EHS, and during recovery to determine plasma concentrations of intestinal fatty-acid binding protein (I-FABP) as a marker of intestinal epithelial injury, cortisol, endotoxin, and inflammatory cytokines. Urinary lactulose/l-rhamnose ratio was used to measure small intestine permeability. Compared with WATER, GLUC, and WPH ameliorated EHS associated intestinal epithelial injury (I-FABP: 897 ± 478 pg·mL−1 vs. 123 ± 197 pg·mL−1 and 82 ± 156 pg·mL−1, respectively, p < 0.001) and small intestine permeability (lactulose/l-rhamnose ratio: 0.034 ± 0.014 vs. 0.017 ± 0.005 and 0.008 ± 0.002, respectively, p = 0.001). Endotoxaemia was observed post-EHS in all trials (10.2 pg·mL−1, p = 0.001). Post-EHS anti-endotoxin antibodies were higher (p < 0.01) and cortisol and interleukin-6 lower (p < 0.05) on GLUC than WATER only. Total and upper gastrointestinal symptoms were greater on WPH, compared with GLUC and WATER (p < 0.05), in response to EHS. In conclusion, carbohydrate and protein intake during EHS ameliorates intestinal injury and permeability. Carbohydrate also supports endotoxin clearance and reduces stress markers, while protein appears to increase gastrointestinal symptoms, suggesting that carbohydrate is a more appropriate option.
Investigation on the behaviors of the soliton solutions for a variable-coefficient generalized AB system in the geophysical flows
Authors: Jiang Xiao-Hang , Gao Yi-Tian , Gao Xin-Yi
Published: August 2017

Under investigation in this paper is a variable-coefficient generalized AB system, which is used for modeling the baroclinic instability in the asymptotic reduction of certain classes of geophysical flows. Bilinear forms are obtained, and one-, two- and three-soliton solutions are derived via the Hirota bilinear method. Interaction and propagation of the solitons are discussed graphically. Numerical investigation on the stability of the solitons indicates that the solitons could resist the disturbance of small perturbations and propagate steadily.
Wide Awake Hand Surgery
Authors: Lied Line , Borchgrevink Grethe E. , Finsen Vilhjalmur
Published: August 2017

Background: “Wide awake hand surgery”, where surgery is performed in local anaesthesia with adrenaline, without sedation or a tourniquet, has become widespread in some countries. It has a number of potential advantages and we wished to evaluate it among our patients.

Methods: All 122 patients treated by this method during one year were evaluated by the surgeons and the patients on a numerical scale from 0 (best/least) to 10 (worst/most). Theatre time was compared to that recorded for a year when regional or general anaesthesia had been used.

Results: The patients’ mean score for the general care they had received was 0.1 (SD 0.6), for pain during lidocaine injection 2.4 (SD 2.2), for pain during surgery 0.9 (SD 1.5), and for other discomfort during surgery 0.5 (SD 1.4). Eight reported that they would want general anaesthesia if they were to be operated again. The surgeons’ mean evaluation of bleeding during surgery was 1.6 (SD 1.8), oedema during surgery 0.4 (SD 1.1), general disadvantages with the method 1.0 (SD 1.6) and general advantages 6.5 (SD 4.3). The estimation of advantages was 9.9 (DS 0.5) for tendon suture. 28 patients needed intra-operative additional anaesthesia. The proportion was lower among trained hand surgeons and fell significantly during the study period. Non-surgical theatre time was 46 (SD 15) minutes during the study period and 55 (SD 22) minutes during the regional/general period (p < 0.001). This gain was cancelled out by a longer surgery time during the wide awake period.

Conclusions: Wide awake surgery is fully acceptable to most patients. It has a number of advantages over general or regional anaesthesia, but we feel it is unlikely to improve the efficiency of the operating theatre.
The Effect of Hand Dominance on Patient-Reported Outcomes of Carpal Tunnel Release in Patients with Bilateral Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: TANG Qian Ying , LAI Wei Hong , TAY Shian Chao
Published: August 2017

Background: There is a paucity of studies in published literature that examines the effect of hand dominance on the resolution of symptoms following a carpal tunnel release. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of hand dominance on the resolution of symptoms following surgical decompression in patients with severe and moderate carpal tunnel syndrome.

Methods: Bilateral carpal tunnel release (total 90 open and 84 endoscopic) was performed on 87 patients (11 males, 76 females) presenting with bilateral severe or moderate carpal tunnel syndrome of equal severity. Patient-reported outcome of resolution of symptoms were recorded, with patients followed up until complete resolution of symptoms or last recorded consultation (mean follow-up duration 11.4 months, range 3.1 to 32.4 months).

Results: In patients with bilateral severe carpal tunnel syndrome, a larger proportion of non-dominant hand (75.4%) achieved complete resolution compared to dominant hand (72.1%), and did so at a statistically shorter time (mean: 52.3 days) than the dominant hand (mean: 81.0 days). However, there was no statistically significant difference between proportion of patients and time taken before complete resolution of symptoms between dominant and non-dominant hand in patients with bilateral moderate carpal tunnel syndrome.

Conclusions: Symptoms in the non-dominant hand resolved faster after carpal tunnel release in patients with severe carpal tunnel syndrome. We postulate that greater daily activity by the dominant hand compared to the non-dominant hand may be a contributing factor to its slower rate of symptoms resolution post-surgically in patients with bilateral severe carpal tunnel syndrome. This effect of hand dominance is not evident in post-surgical patients with moderate carpal tunnel syndrome.
Pathologic Fractures Extended to the Metacarpal Head Related with Enchondromas at the Metacarpal Neck
Authors: Hagiwara Hiroyoshi , Nishimura Takahiro , Yamamura Mayu , Miyamoto Osamu , Nakama Sueo , Sugimoto Naoya , Ajiki Takashi , Takeshita Katsushi
Published: August 2017

We present two cases of pathologic fractures extended to the metacarpal head related with enchondromas at the metacarpal neck treated by surgery. The timing of surgery varied between the two cases. The first was operated without delay, using tumor curettage and β-TCP (tricalcium phosphate) packing in the cavity, followed by internal fixation of the fracture using a screw and Kirshner wires. In the second case, tumor curettage and β-TCP packing was performed after fracture union. Favorable clinical outcomes were obtained for both cases.
Chaos and Control of Ships with Water on Deck Under Periodic Excitation with Lévy Noise
Authors: Yuan Jiaxin , Zhang Chen , Qiu Zhan , Wang Fuxin
Published: August 2017

Non-linear dynamic and chaotic roll motion response of ships with water on deck induced by uncertain jumps are investigated. The huge wave with random jump can be described as Lévy noise with critical parameters [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]. Through sensitive study, the stability index [Formula: see text] and the scale parameter [Formula: see text] are specified as two significant parameters in chaotic motion induction. On the same [Formula: see text] condition, the motion histories, phase portraits and Poincare maps are all recorded to highlight the effect of [Formula: see text] upon uncertain jump system, and their global bifurcation characteristics with the fluctuating amplitude [Formula: see text] are analyzed. Results show that the decrement of stability index [Formula: see text] makes the curve much thicker, and leads the acceptable stable [Formula: see text] region becomes smaller. Finally, an adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control is proposed to eliminate the chaotic behavior and stabilize the system. The asymptomatic stability from the perspective of mean square convergence is analyzed and simulated results show the effectiveness of the method.
On the high temperature phase transition in Ba(Zr0.20Ti0.80)O3ceramic
Authors: Chandra K. P. , Kulkarni A. R. , Prasad K.
Published: August 2017

Temperature dependent X-ray diffraction (XRD) and dielectric properties of perovskite Ba(Zr[Formula: see text]Ti[Formula: see text]O3ceramic prepared using a standard solid-state reaction process is presented. Along with phase transitions at low temperature, a new phase transition at high temperature (873[Formula: see text]C at 20[Formula: see text]Hz), diffusive in character has been found where the lattice structure changes from monoclinic (space group: [Formula: see text] to hexagonal (space group: [Formula: see text]). This result places present ceramic in the list of potential candidate for intended high temperature applications. The AC conductivity data followed hopping type charge conduction and supports jump relaxation model. The experimental value of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]pC/N was found. The dependence of polarization and strain on electric field at room temperature suggested that lead-free Ba(Zr[Formula: see text]Ti[Formula: see text]O3is a promising material for electrostrictive applications.
Write-aware memory management for hybrid SLC-MLC PCM memory systems
Authors: Ho Chien-Chung , Chang Yu-Ming , Chang Yuan-Hao , Chen Hsiu-Chang , Kuo Tei-Wei
Published: August 2017

In recent years, phase-change memory (PCM) has generated a great deal of interest because of its byte addressability and non-volatility properties. It is regarded as a good alternative storage medium that can reduce the performance gap between the main memory and the secondary storage in computing systems. To further reduce the bit cost of PCM, the development trend of PCM goes from single-level-cell (SLC) the multi-level-cell (MLC) technology. However, the worse endurance and the intolerable long write latency hinder a MLC PCM from being used as the main memory of computing systems. In this work, we propose a write-aware memory management design to facilitate enabling the use of hybrid PCM as main memory to achieve a better trade-off between the cost and the performance of PCM-based computing systems, where the hybrid PCM is composed of SLC PCM and MLC PCM. In particular, the proposed design can be seamlessly integrated into the inherent memory management of modern operation systems without additional hardware components. The capability of the proposed design was evaluated by a series of experiments, for which it was shown that the proposed design could greatly improve the read and write performance of hybrid PCM memory system up to 30%. At the same time, our proposed idea can significantly extend the lifetime of the investigated hybrid PCM architecture up to 1174 times, compared to existing approaches.
Role of G protein-coupled receptors-microRNA interactions in gastrointestinal pathophysiology
Authors: Law Ivy Ka Man , Padua David Miguel , Iliopoulos Dimitrios , Pothoulakis Charalabos
Published: August 2017

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) make up the largest transmembrane receptor superfamily in the human genome and are expressed in nearly all gastrointestinal cell types. Coupling of GPCRs and their respective ligands activates various phosphotransferases in the cytoplasm, and, thus, activation of GPCR signaling in intestine regulates many cellular and physiological processes. Studies in microRNAs (miRNAs) demonstrate that they represent critical epigenetic regulators of different pathophysiological responses in different organs and cell types in humans and animals. Here, we reviewed recent research on GPCR-miRNA interactions related to gastrointestinal pathophysiology, such as inflammatory bowel diseases, irritable bowel syndrome, and gastrointestinal cancers. Given that the presence of different types of cells in the gastrointestinal tract suggests the importance of cell-cell interactions in maintaining gastrointestinal homeostasis, we also discuss how GPCR-miRNA interactions regulate gene expression at the cellular level and subsequently modulate gastrointestinal pathophysiology through molecular regulatory circuits and cell-cell interactions. These studies helped identify novel molecular pathways leading to the discovery of potential biomarkers for gastrointestinal diseases.
Enteric serotonin and oxytocin: endogenous regulation of severity in a murine model of necrotizing enterocolitis
Authors: Gross Margolis Kara , Vittorio Jennifer , Talavera Maria , Gluck Karen , Li Zhishan , Iuga Alina , Stevanovic Korey , Saurman Virginia , Israelyan Narek , Welch Martha G. , Gershon Michael D.
Published: August 2017

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a gastrointestinal inflammatory disease of unknown etiology that may also affect the liver, causes a great deal of morbidity and mortality in premature infants. We tested the hypothesis that signaling molecules, which are endogenous to the bowel, regulate the severity of intestinal and hepatic damage in an established murine NEC model. Specifically, we postulated that mucosal serotonin (5-HT), which is proinflammatory, would exacerbate experimental NEC and that oxytocin (OT), which is present in enteric neurons and is anti-inflammatory, would oppose it. Genetic deletion of the 5-HT transporter (SERT), which increases and prolongs effects of 5-HT, was found to increase the severity of systemic manifestations, intestinal inflammation, and associated hepatotoxicity of experimental NEC. In contrast, genetic deletion of tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1), which is responsible for 5-HT biosynthesis in enterochromaffin (EC) cells of the intestinal mucosa, and TPH inhibition with LP-920540 both decrease the severity of experimental NEC in the small intestine and liver. These observations suggest that 5-HT from EC cells helps to drive the inflammatory damage to the gut and liver that occurs in the murine NEC model. Administration of OT decreased, while the OT receptor antagonist atosiban exacerbated, the intestinal inflammation of experimental NEC. Data from the current investigation are consistent with the tested hypotheses—that the enteric signaling molecules, 5-HT (positively) and OT (negatively) regulate severity of inflammation in a mouse model of NEC. Moreover, we suggest that mucosally restricted inhibition of 5-HT biosynthesis and/or administration of OT may be useful in the treatment of NEC.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Serotonin (5-HT) and oxytocin reciprocally regulate the severity of intestinal inflammation and hepatotoxicity in a murine model of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Selective depletion of mucosal 5-HT through genetic deletion or inhibition of tryptophan hydroxylase-1 ameliorates, while deletion of the 5-HT uptake transporter, which increases 5-HT availability, exacerbates the severity of NEC. In contrast, oxytocin reduces, while the oxytocin receptor antagonist atosiban enhances, NEC severity. Peripheral tryptophan hydroxylase inhibition may be useful in treatment of NEC.
Temperature-dependent modulation of regional lymphatic contraction frequency and flow
Authors: Solari Eleonora , Marcozzi Cristiana , Negrini Daniela , Moriondo Andrea
Published: August 2017

Lymph drainage and propulsion are sustained by an extrinsic mechanism, based on mechanical forces acting from the surrounding tissues against the wall of lymphatic vessels, and by an intrinsic mechanism attributable to active spontaneous contractions of the lymphatic vessel muscle. Despite being heterogeneous, the mechanisms underlying the generation of spontaneous contractions share a common biochemical nature and are thus modulated by temperature. In this study, we challenged excised tissues from rat diaphragm and hindpaw, endowed with spontaneously contracting lymphatic vessels, to temperatures from 24°C (hindpaw) or 33°C (diaphragmatic vessels) to 40°C while measuring lymphatic contraction frequency ( fc) and amplitude. Both vessel populations displayed a sigmoidal relationship between fc and temperature, each centered around the average temperature of surrounding tissue (36.7 diaphragmatic and 32.1 hindpaw lymphatics). Although the slope factor of the sigmoidal fit to the fc change of hindpaw vessels was 2.3°C·cycles−1·min−1, a value within the normal range displayed by simple biochemical reactions, the slope factor of the diaphragmatic lymphatics was 0.62°C·cycles−1·min−1, suggesting the added involvement of temperature-sensing mechanisms. Lymph flow calculated as a function of temperature confirmed the relationship observed on fc data alone and showed that none of the two lymphatic vessel populations would be able to adapt to the optimal working temperature of the other tissue district. This poses a novel question whether lymphatic vessels might not adapt their function to accommodate the change if exposed to a surrounding temperature, which is different from their normal condition.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrates to what extent lymphatic vessel intrinsic contractility and lymph flow are modulated by temperature and that this modulation is dependent on the body district that the vessels belong to, suggesting a possible functional misbehavior should lymphatic vessels be exposed to a chronically different temperature.
Effect of a prehop on the muscle-tendon interaction during vertical jumps
Authors: Aeles Jeroen , Lichtwark Glen , Peeters Dries , Delecluse Christophe , Jonkers Ilse , Vanwanseele Benedicte
Published: August 2017

Many movements use stretch-shortening cycles of a muscle-tendon unit (MTU) for storing and releasing elastic energy. The required stretching of medial gastrocnemius (MG) tendinous tissue during jumps, however, requires large length changes of the muscle fascicles because of the lack of MTU length changes. This has a negative impact on the force-generating capacity of the muscle fascicles. The purpose of this study was to induce a MG MTU stretch before shortening by adding a prehop to the squat jump. Eleven well-trained athletes specialized in jumping performed a prehop squat jump (PHSJ) and a standard squat jump (SSJ). Kinematic data were collected using a 3D motion capture system and were used in a musculoskeletal model to calculate MTU lengths. B-mode ultrasonography of the MG was used to measure fascicle length and pennation angle during the jumps. By combining the muscle-tendon unit lengths, fascicle lengths, and pennation angles, the stretch and recoil of the series elastic element of MG were calculated using a simple geometric muscle-tendon model. Our results show less length changes of the muscle fascicles during the upward motion and lower maximal shortening velocities, increasing the moment-generating capacity of the plantar flexors, reflected in the higher ankle joint moment in the PHSJ compared with the SSJ. Although muscle-tendon interaction during the PHSJ was more optimal, athletes were not able to increase their jump height compared with the SSJ.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study that aimed to improve the muscle-tendon interaction in squat jumping. We effectively introduced a stretch to the medial gastrocnemius muscle-tendon unit resulting in lower maximal shortening velocities and thus an increase in the plantar flexor force-generating capacity, reflected in the higher ankle joint moment in the prehop squat jump compared with the standard squat jump. Here, we demonstrate an effective method for mechanical optimization of the muscle-tendon interaction in the medial gastrocnemius during squat jumping.
A Bifunctional MAPK/PI3K Antagonist for Inhibition of Tumor Growth and Metastasis
Authors: Galbán Stefanie , Apfelbaum April A. , Espinoza Carlos , Heist Kevin , Haley Henry , Bedi Karan , Ljungman Mats , Galbán Craig J. , Luker Gary D. , Dort Marcian Van , Ross Brian D.
Published: August 2017

Responses to targeted therapies frequently are brief, with patients relapsing with drug-resistant tumors. For oncogenic MEK and BRAF inhibition, drug resistance commonly occurs through activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling and immune checkpoint modulation, providing a robust molecular target for concomitant therapy. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of a bifunctional kinase inhibitor (ST-162) that concurrently targets MAPK and PI3K signaling pathways. Treatment with ST-162 produced regression of mutant KRAS- or BRAF-addicted xenograft models of colorectal cancer and melanoma and stasis of BRAF/PTEN–mutant melanomas. Combining ST-162 with immune checkpoint blockers further increased efficacy in a syngeneic KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer model. Nascent transcriptome analysis revealed a unique gene set regulated by ST-162 related to melanoma metastasis. Subsequent mouse studies revealed ST-162 was a potent inhibitor of melanoma metastasis to the liver. These findings highlight the significant potential of a single molecule with multikinase activity to achieve tumor control, overcome resistance, and prevent metastases through modulation of interconnected cell signaling pathways. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(11); 2340–50. ©2017 AACR.
Neuronal Differentiation Modulated by Polymeric Membrane Properties
Authors: Morelli Sabrina , Piscioneri Antonella , Drioli Enrico , De Bartolo Loredana
Published: August 2017

In this study, different collagen-blend membranes were successfully constructed by blending collagen with chitosan (CHT) or poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) to enhance their properties and thus create new biofunctional materials with great potential use for neuronal tissue engineering and regeneration. Collagen blending strongly affected membrane properties in the following ways: (i) it improved the surface hydrophilicity of both pure CHT and PLGA membranes, (ii) it reduced the stiffness of CHT membranes, but (iii) it did not modify the good mechanical properties of PLGA membranes. Then, we investigated the effect of the different collagen concentrations on the neuronal behavior of the membranes developed. Morphological observations, immunocytochemistry, and morphometric measures demonstrated that the membranes developed, especially CHT/Col30, PLGA, and PLGA/Col1, provided suitable microenvironments for neuronal growth owing to their enhanced properties. The most consistent neuronal differentiation was obtained in neurons cultured on PLGA-based membranes, where a well-developed neuronal network was achieved due to their improved mechanical properties. Our findings suggest that tensile strength and elongation at break are key material parameters that have potential influence on both axonal elongation and neuronal structure and organization, which are of fundamental importance for the maintenance of efficient neuronal growth. Hence, our study has provided new insights regarding the effects of membrane mechanical properties on neuronal behavior, and thus it may help to design and improve novel instructive biomaterials for neuronal tissue engineering.
Tissue Engineering of Vein Valves Based on Decellularized Natural Matrices
Authors: Mogaldea Alexandru , Goecke Tobias , Theodoridis Karolina , Haverich Axel , Cebotari Serghei , Hilfiker Andres
Published: August 2017

Valvular repair or transplantation, designed to restore the venous valve function of the legs, has been proposed as treatment in chronic venous insufficiency. Available grafts or surgeries have provided limited durability so far. Generating venous valve substitutes by means of tissue engineering could be a solution. We generated decellularized jugular ovine vein conduits containing valves (oVVC) after reseeding with ovine endothelial cells differentiated from peripheral blood-derived endothelial cells (oPBEC), cultivated in vitro corresponding to the circulatory situation in the lower leg at rest and under exertion. oVVC were decellularized by detergent treatment. GFP-labeled oPBEC were seeded onto the luminal side of the decellularized oVVC and cultivated under static-rotational conditions for 6 h (group I) and 12 h (group II), respectively. Reseeded matrices of group I were exposed to continuous low flow conditions (“leg at rest”). The tissues of group II were exposed to a gradually increasing flow (“leg under effort”). After 5 days, the grafts of group I revealed a uniform luminal endothelial cell coverage of the examined areas of the venous walls and adjacent venous valve leaflets. In group II, the cell coverage on luminal areas of the venous wall parts was found to be nearly complete. The endothelial cell coverage of adjacent venous valve leaflets was revealed to be less dense and confluent. Endothelial cells cultured on acellular vein tissues of both groups were distinctly orientated uniformly in the flow direction, clearly creating a stable and flow-orientated layer. Thus, an endothelium could successfully be reestablished on the luminal surface of a decellularized venous valve by seeding peripheral blood endothelial cells and culturing under different conditions.
Neuroprotective Effects of Intranasal IGF-1 against Neonatal Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neurobehavioral Deficits and Neuronal Inflammation in the Substantia Nigra and Locus Coeruleus of Juvenile Rats
Authors: Tien Lu-Tai , Lee Yih-Jing , Pang Yi , Lu Silu , Lee Jonathan W. , Tseng Chih-Hsueh , Bhatt Abhay J. , Savich Renate D. , Fan Lir-Wan
Published: August 2017

Neonatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure-induced brain inflammation resulted in motor dysfunction and brain dopaminergic neuronal injury, and increased the risks of neurodegenerative disorders in adult rats. Our previous studies showed that intranasal administration of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) protects against LPS-induced white matter injury in the developing rat brain. To further examine whether IGF-1 protects against LPS-induced brain neuronal injury and neurobehavioral dysfunction, recombinant human IGF-1 (rhIGF-1) at a dose of 50 µg/pup was administered intranasally 1 h following intracerebral injection of LPS (1 mg/kg) in postnatal day 5 (P5) Sprague-Dawley rat pups. Neurobehavioral tests were carried out from P7 to P21, and brain neuronal injury was examined at P21. Our results showed that LPS exposure resulted in disturbances of motor behaviors in juvenile rats. Moreover, LPS exposure caused injury to central catecholaminergic neurons, as indicated by a reduction of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity in the substantia nigra (SN), ventral tegmental area (VTA) and olfactory bulb (OB), and brain noradrenergic neurons, as indicated by a reduction of TH immunoreactivity in the locus coeruleus (LC) of the P21 rat brain. The LPS-induced reduction of TH+ cells was observed at a greater degree in the SN and LC of the P21 rat brain. Intranasal rhIGF-1 treatment attenuated LPS-induced central catecholaminergic neuronal injury and motor behavioral disturbances, including locomotion, beam walking test and gait analysis. Intranasal rhIGF-1 administration also attenuated LPS-induced elevation of IL-1β levels and numbers of activated microglia, and cyclooxygenase-2+ cells, which were double labeled with TH+ cells in the SN, VTA, OB and LC of the P21 rat brain. These results suggest that IGF-1 may provide protection against neonatal LPS exposure-induced central catecholaminergic neuronal injury and motor behavioral disturbances, and that the protective effects are associated with the inhibition of microglia activation and the reduction of neuronal oxidative stress by the suppression of the neuronal cyclooxygenase-2 expression.
Effectiveness of Florbetapir PET Imaging in Changing Patient Management
Authors: Pontecorvo Michael J. , Siderowf Andrew , Dubois Bruno , Doraiswamy P. Murali , Frisoni Giovanni B. , Grundman Michael , Nobili Flavio , Sadowsky Carl H. , Salloway Stephen , Arora Anupa K. , Chevrette Antoine , Deberdt Walter , Dell'Agnello Grazia , Flitter Matthew , Galante Nick , Lowrey Mark J. , Lu Ming , McGeehan Anne , Devous Sr. Michael D. , Mintun Mark A.
Published: August 2017

Aims: To evaluate the impact of amyloid PET imaging on diagnosis and patient management in a multicenter, randomized, controlled study. Methods: Physicians identified patients seeking a diagnosis for mild cognitive impairment or dementia, possibly due to Alzheimer disease (AD), and recorded a working diagnosis and a management plan. The patients underwent florbetapir PET scanning and were randomized to either immediate or delayed (1-year) feedback regarding amyloid status. At the 3-month visit, the physician updated the diagnosis and recorded a summary of the actual patient management since the post-scan visit. The study examined the impact of immediate versus delayed feedback on patient diagnosis/management at 3 and 12 months. Results: A total of 618 subjects were randomized (1:1) to immediate or delayed feedback arms, and 602 subjects completed the 3-month primary endpoint visit. A higher proportion of patients in the immediate feedback arm showed a change in diagnosis compared to the controls (32.6 vs. 6.4%; p = 0.0001). Similarly, a higher proportion of patients receiving immediate feedback had a change in management plan (68 vs. 55.5%; p < 0.002), mainly driven by changes in AD medication. Specifically, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors were prescribed to 67% of the amyloid-positive and 27% of the amyloid-negative subjects in the information group compared with 56 and 43%, respectively, in the control group (p < 0.0001). These between-group differences persisted until the 12-month visit. Conclusion: Knowledge of the amyloid status affects the diagnosis and alters patient management.
Refining the Deep Brain Stimulation Target within the Limbic Globus Pallidus Internus for Tourette Syndrome
Authors: Akbarian-Tefaghi Ladan , Akram Harith , Johansson Johannes , Zrinzo Ludvic , Kefalopoulou Zinovia , Limousin Patricia , Joyce Eileen , Hariz Marwan , Wårdell Karin , Foltynie Tom
Published: August 2017

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) in patients with severe, refractory Tourette syndrome (TS) has demonstrated promising but variable results thus far. The thalamus and anteromedial globus pallidus internus (amGPi) have been the most commonly stimulated sites within the cortico-striato thalamic circuit, but an optimal target is yet to be elucidated. Objectives: This study of 15 patients with long-term amGPi DBS for severe TS investigated whether a specific anatomical site within the amGPi correlated with optimal clinical outcome for the measures of tics, obsessive compulsive behaviour (OCB), and mood. Methods: Validated clinical assessments were used to measure tics, OCB, quality of life, anxiety, and depression before DBS and at the latest follow-up (17-82 months). Electric field simulations were created for each patient using information on electrode location and individual stimulation parameters. A subsequent regression analysis correlated these patient-specific simulations to percentage changes in outcome measures in order to identify any significant voxels related to clinical improvement. Results: A region within the ventral limbic GPi, specifically on the medial medullary lamina in the pallidum at the level of the AC-PC, was significantly associated with improved tics but not mood or OCB outcome. Conclusions: This study adds further support to the application of DBS in a tic-related network, though factors such as patient sample size and clinical heterogeneity remain as limitations and replication is required.
Characterisation of “Positive” Behaviours in Primary Progressive Aphasias
Authors: Midorikawa Akira , Kumfor Fiona , Leyton Cristian E. , Foxe David , Landin-Romero Ramon , Hodges John R. , Piguet Olivier
Published: August 2017

Background/Aims: Although some patients with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) exhibit novel or improved skills after the onset of dementia, these changes have yet to be quantified. Therefore, this study systematically explored and identified the emergence of positive behaviours after dementia onset. Methods: This study included 48 carers of patients with PPA: 12 nonfluent/agrammatic PPA (nfvPPA), 22 semantic variant PPA (svPPA), and 14 logopenic variant PPA (lvPPA). The presence and frequency of positive behaviour changes after dementia onset were established using the Hypersensory and Social/Emotional Scale (HSS). Results: Scores on Sensitivity to Details, Visuospatial Activities, and Music Activities differed significantly among the groups. More specifically, svPPA was associated with increased visuospatial activity, but only in the mild stage of the disease; nfvPPA was associated with increased visuospatial activity and decreased music activity, while lvPPA exhibited the reverse profile. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that subsets of PPA patients show novel or increased positive behaviours following dementia onset, and differences among subtypes may be helpful for improving diagnostic accuracy. Additionally, harnessing these skills may improve the quality of life of both patients and carers.
State and Trait Anxiety Scores of Patients Receiving Intravitreal Injections
Authors: Kayikcioglu Ozcan , Bilgin Sinan , Seymenoglu Goktug , Deveci Artuner
Published: August 2017

Background: To evaluate parameters on the state and trait anxiety scores of patients receiving intravitreal injections. Methods: One hundred thirteen patients were included in the study. All subjects received intravitreal ranibizumab or bevacizumab injections. To measure the level of anxiety, Spielberg's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory questionnaire was used. Results: The mean state anxiety scores were 45.19 ± 5.62 in experienced patients and 43.10 ± 6.62 in inexperienced patients (p = 0.078). The mean trait anxiety scores were 50.14 ± 6.62 in experienced patients and 49.17 ± 10.79 in inexperienced patients (p = 0.810). Additionally, there was no statistically significant difference in the state and trait anxiety scores between the male and female, employed, and retired patients (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Anxiety may not show significant differences according to sociodemographic status. High anxiety scores found in this study also emphasize that health care providers should try to decrease anxiety levels during the course of treatment.
Interstitial Lung Disease Following Single-Agent Nanoparticle Albumin-Bound Paclitaxel Treatment in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Nakatani Yuki , Nakaya Aya , Kurata Takayasu , Yokoi Takashi , Takeyasu Yuki , Niki Maiko , Kibata Kayoko , Satsutani Naoko , Ogata Makoto , Miyara Takayuki , Nomura Shosaku
Published: August 2017

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a serious and potentially fatal adverse event in lung cancer therapy. Nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-PTX) is a novel, solvent-free formulation of paclitaxel (PTX). Although the incidence of nab-PTX-induced ILD is not clear, it is generally considered that this formulation presents a similar risk of developing ILD as PTX. Here, we report 3 patients who developed severe ILD following treatment with nab-PTX. We draw attention to the risk of developing drug-induced ILD following nab-PTX treatment, and highlight that this novel formulation might therefore not be as safe as PTX with respect to the development of ILD.
Advanced Tracheal Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma with Thyroid Invasion Mimicking Thyroid Cancer Treated with Definitive Radiation: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Al Khatib Sondos , Asha Wafa , Khzouz Omar , Barakat Farid , Khader Jamal
Published: August 2017

A 54-year-old female patient, a breast cancer survivor and a case of unresectable adenoid cystic carcinoma of the trachea, with thyroid invasion, presented with suprasternal neck swelling mimicking thyroid primary. A literature search was undertaken to highlight this rare presentation. There have been few reports in the literature describing tracheal adenoid cystic carcinoma involving the thyroid.
Current State and Future Trends to Optimize the Care of Chronic Kidney Disease in African Americans
Authors: Harding Kimberly , Mersha Tesfaye B. , Vassalotti Joseph A. , Webb Fern J. , Nicholas Susanne B.
Published: August 2017

Background: African Americans (AAs) suffer the widest gaps in chronic kidney disease (CKD) outcomes compared to Caucasian Americans (CAs) and this is because of the disparities that exist in both health and healthcare. In fact, the prevalence of CKD is 3.5 times higher in AAs compared to CAs. The disparities exist at all stages of CKD. Importantly, AAs are 10 times more likely to develop hypertension-related kidney failure and 3 times more likely to progress to kidney failure compared to CAs. Summary: Several factors contribute to these disparities including genetic and social determinants, late referrals, poor care coordination, medication adherence, and low recruitment in clinical trials. Key Messages: The development and implementation of CKD-related evidence-based approaches, such as clinical and social determinant assessment tools for medical interventions, more widespread outreach programs, strategies to improve medication adherence, safe and effective pharmacological treatments to control or eliminate CKD, as well as the use of health information technology, and patient-engagement programs for improved CKD outcomes may help to positively impact these disparities among AAs