bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electroacupuncture negatively regulates the Nesfatin-1/ERK/CREB pathway to alleviate HPA axis hyperactivity and anxiety-like behaviors caused by surgical trauma
Authors: Zheng Jiayuan , Wang Yu , Zhang Chi , Zhang Anjing , Zhou Yuxiang , Xu Yunhua , Yu Jin , Tian Zhanzhuang
Published: August 2024

Background

Hyperactivity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis constitutes a pivotal response by surgical trauma, manifesting as a critical aspect of the acute stress reaction. This hyperactivity resulted in adverse surgical outcomes and is often associated with increased postoperative anxiety. Increased evidence suggests that Nesfatin-1 plays a crucial role in stress responses and stress-related psychiatric disorders. Electroacupuncture (EA) is widely used to alleviate stress responses and anxiety, although its mechanism of action remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the mechanisms by which hypothalamic Nesfatin-1 contribute to the alleviation of HPA axis hyperactivity and anxiety by EA.

Methods

Partial hepatectomy (HT) was performed to simulate surgical trauma, and EA was applied at Zusanli (ST36) and Sanyinjiao (SP6). The levels of hypothalamic Nesfatin-1, c-Fos, and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) were detected, and serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) were regarded as indicators of HPA axis activity. Anxiety levels were assessed through open field tests (OFT), elevated plus maze (EPM), and light–dark box tests (LDBT). To investigate the role of Nesfatin-1, its expression was modulated using stereotactic viral injections or plasmid transfections. Transcriptome sequencing was employed to explore the downstream signaling pathways of Nesfatin-1. Additionally, brain cannula implantation was performed to facilitate targeted drug administration.

Results

Our findings demonstrated that EA reduced the hypothalamic overexpression of CRH and Nesfatin-1, as well as serum levels of ACTH and CORT. Additionally, it alleviated anxiety-like behaviors resulting from surgical trauma. We observed that overexpression of Nesfatin-1 in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) triggered hyperactivity of the HPA axis and anxiety. Conversely, knocking down Nesfatin-1 in the PVN reversed these effects caused by surgical trauma. Transcriptome sequencing identified the extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK)/cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) pathway as a key mediator in the impacts of surgical trauma and EA on the hypothalamus. Both in vivo and in vitro studies showed that overexpression of Nesfatin-1 activated the ERK/CREB pathway. Furthermore, administering ERK or CREB inhibitors into the PVN mitigated HPA axis hyperactivity and anxiety-like behaviors induced by surgical trauma. Finally, EA was observed to decrease the phosphorylation levels of ERK and CREB in the PVN.

Conclusion

EA alleviates HPA axis hyperactivity and anxiety-like behaviors caused by surgical trauma through inhibition of Nesfatin-1/ERK/CREB pathway in the hypothalamus.
Common and differential variables of anxiety and depression in adolescence: a nation-wide smartphone-based survey
Authors: Weiß Martin , Gutzeit Julian , Pryss Rüdiger , Romanos Marcel , Deserno Lorenz , Hein Grit
Published: August 2024

Background

Mental health in adolescence is critical in its own right and a predictor of later symptoms of anxiety and depression. To address these mental health challenges, it is crucial to understand the variables linked to anxiety and depression in adolescence.

Methods

Here, we analyzed data of 278 adolescents that were collected in a nation-wide survey provided via a smartphone-based application during the COVID-19 pandemic. We used an elastic net regression machine-learning approach to classify individuals with clinically relevant self-reported symptoms of depression or anxiety. We then identified the most important variables with a combination of permutation feature importance calculation and sequential logistic regressions.

Results

40.30% of participants reported clinically relevant anxiety symptoms, and 37.69% reported depressive symptoms. Both machine-learning models performed well in classifying participants with depressive (AUROC = 0.77) or anxiety (AUROC = 0.83) symptoms and were significantly better than the no-information rate. Feature importance analyses revealed that anxiety and depression in adolescence are commonly related to sleep disturbances (anxiety OR = 2.12, depression OR = 1.80). Differentiating between symptoms, self-reported depression increased with decreasing life satisfaction (OR = 0.43), whereas self-reported anxiety was related to worries about the health of family and friends (OR = 1.98) as well as impulsivity (OR = 2.01).

Conclusion

Our results show that app-based self-reports provide information that can classify symptoms of anxiety and depression in adolescence and thus offer new insights into symptom patterns related to adolescent mental health issues. These findings underscore the potentials of health apps in reaching large cohorts of adolescence and optimize diagnostic and treatment.
tsRNA-GlyGCC promotes colorectal cancer progression and 5-FU resistance by regulating SPIB
Authors: Xu Rong , Du Ashuai , Deng Xinpei , Du Wei , Zhang Kaiying , Li Jianbo , Lu Yingxue , Wei Xiaoli , Yang Qinglong , Tang Hailin
Published: August 2024

Background

tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are newly discovered non-coding RNA, which are generated from tRNAs and are reported to participate in several biological processes in diseases, especially cancer; however, the mechanism of tsRNA involvement in colorectal cancer (CRC) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is still unclear.

Methods

RNA sequencing was performed to identify differential expression of tsRNAs in CRC tissues. CCK8, colony formation, transwell assays, and tumor sphere assays were used to investigate the role of tsRNA-GlyGCC in 5-FU resistance in CRC. TargetScan and miRanda were used to identify the target genes of tsRNA-GlyGCC. Biotin pull-down, RNA pull-down, luciferase assay, ChIP, and western blotting were used to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of action of tsRNA-GlyGCC. The MeRIP assay was used to investigate the N(7)-methylguanosine RNA modification of tsRNA-GlyGCC.

Results

In this study, we uncovered the feature of tsRNAs in human CRC tissues and confirmed a specific 5’ half tRNA, 5’tiRNA-Gly-GCC (tsRNA-GlyGCC), which is upregulated in CRC tissues and modulated by METTL1-mediated N(7)-methylguanosine tRNA modification. In vitro and in vivo experiments revealed the oncogenic role of tsRNA-GlyGCC in 5-FU drug resistance in CRC. Remarkably, our results showed that tsRNA-GlyGCC modulated the JAK1/STAT6 signaling pathway by targeting SPIB. Poly (β-amino esters) were synthesized to assist the delivery of 5-FU and tsRNA-GlyGCC inhibitor, which effectively inhibited tumor growth and enhanced CRC sensitive to 5-FU without obvious adverse effects in subcutaneous tumor.

Conclusions

Our study revealed a specific tsRNA-GlyGCC-engaged pathway in CRC progression. Targeting tsRNA-GlyGCC in combination with 5-FU may provide a promising nanotherapeutic strategy for the treatment of 5-FU-resistance CRC.

Graphical Abstract
Adverse event assessment in a parenting programme: experiences from a multisite randomised controlled trial
Authors: Frantz Inga , Foran Heather M. , Lachman Jamie M. , Gardner Frances , McMahon Robert J. , Ogden Terje , Hutchings Judy , Costin Madalina Ruxandra , Kunovski Ivo , Raleva Marija , Mueller Janina , Heinrichs Nina
Published: August 2024

Background

Clinicians and researchers should consider the expected benefits and potential harms of an intervention. Parenting programmes are a widely used evidence-based intervention for child behaviour problems. However, few data are available on potential negative effects. The aims of this paper were to increase systematic knowledge of adverse event (AE) assessment in parenting programmes and to provide an AE assessment tool.

Methods

As part of the RISE project (prevention of child mental health problems in South-eastern Europe—adapt, optimise, test and extend parenting for lifelong health), we developed and tested an AE assessment procedure in three sequential studies for parents of children with child behaviour problems aged 2 to 9 years in North Macedonia, Republic of Moldova, and Romania. This paper reports on the development of the assessment tool in phase 1 (N = 140), phase 2 (N = 835), and the final experiences with using the optimised procedures in phase 3 (multisite randomised controlled trial, N = 823) in which AEs were assessed before, three times during intervention delivery, and at 1 year follow-up. At each time point, the participants completed a 12-item AE checklist. If moderate-to-severe problems of parent or child were reported, a structured follow-up interview was conducted.

Results

The response rate on the AE assessment tool increased from 6% (phase 1) to 100% (phase 3) indicating improvement in collecting these data based on the experiences of each phase. Results of the RCT (phase 3) showed generally low (S)AE frequencies with the finally optimised procedure: During the intervention, no serious adverse events (SAE) were registered; at least one AE was reported by 10% (after the first session), 7% (after the third session), and 4% (after the last fifth session) of participants. None of the identified (S)AEs was causally related to the study or intervention. Cost–benefit considerations are needed to determine the best way to ensure participant safety in parenting programmes.

Conclusion

The applied active AE assessment procedure provides a comprehensive AE assessment tool that can be used by others—with adaptations for the specific context, if needed. Based on our experiences, we outline recommendations for future studies.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, registration number phase 1: NCT03552250; phase 2: NCT03865485, phase 3: NCT04721730. Registered on 13 January 2021.
Effectiveness of mass trapping interventions using autocidal gravid ovitraps (AGO) for the control of the dengue vector, Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti, in Northern Mexico
Authors: Aguilar-Durán Jesús Alejandro , Hamer Gabriel L. , Reyes-Villanueva Filiberto , Fernández-Santos Nadia Angélica , Uriegas-Camargo Sergio , Rodríguez-Martínez Luis Mario , Estrada-Franco José Guillermo , Rodríguez-Pérez Mario Alberto
Published: August 2024

Background

Mosquito-borne diseases, such as malaria, dengue, Zika and chikungunya, pose significant public health threats in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. To mitigate the impact of these diseases on human health, effective vector surveillance and control strategies are necessary. Traditional vector control methods, which rely on chemical agents such as insecticides and larvicides, face challenges such as resistance and environmental concerns. Consequently, there has been a push to explore novel surveillance and control tools. Mass trapping interventions have emerged as a promising and environmentally friendly approach to reducing the burden of mosquito-borne diseases. This study assessed mass-trapping interventions using autocidal gravid ovitraps (AGOs) on Aedes aegypti populations in Reynosa, Tamaulipas, Mexico.

Methods

Four neighborhoods were selected to evaluate the effects of three treatments: AGO mass-trapping, integrated vector control (IVC), which included source reduction and the application of chemical larvicide and adulticide, and AGO + IVC on Ae. aegypti populations. A control area with no interventions was also included.

The effectiveness of the interventions was evaluated by comparing Ae. aegypti abundance between the pre-treatment period (9 weeks) and the post-treatment period (11 weeks) for each treatment.

Results

Only treatment using AGO mass trapping with an 84% coverage significantly reduced Ae. aegypti female populations by 47%, from 3.75 ± 0.32 to 1.96 ± 0.15 females/trap/week. As expected, the abundance of Ae. aegypti in the control area did not differ from the pre- and post-treatment period (range of 4.97 ± 0.59 to 5.78 ± 0.53); Ae. aegypti abundance in the IVC treatment was 3.47 ± 0.30 before and 4.13 ± 0.35 after, which was not significantly different. However, Ae. aegypti abundance in the AGO + IVC treatment increased from 1.43 ± 0.21 before to 2.11 ± 0.20 after interventions; this increase may be explained in part by the low AGO (56%) coverage.

Conclusions

This is the first report to our knowledge on the effectiveness of mass-trapping interventions with AGOs in Mexico, establishing AGOs as a potential tool for controlling Ae. aegypti in Northeastern Mexico when deployed with sufficient coverage.

Graphical Abstract
The invasive Aedes albopictus in the Doñana World Heritage Site
Authors: Martínez-de la Puente Josué , Magallanes Sergio , González Mikel Alexander , Ruiz-López María José , Soriguer Ramón C. , Caceres Francisco , Ruiz Santiago , Figuerola Jordi
Published: August 2024

Background

Aedes albopictus is catalogued as one of the 100 most dangerous species worldwide. Native to Asia, the species has drastically increased its distribution range, reaching all continents except Antarctica. The presence of Ae. albopictus in Spain was first reported in 2004 in Cataluña (NE Spain), and it is spreading in the country.

Methods

We conducted an extensive mosquito monitoring study in the natural protected area of the Doñana National Park (SW Spain) in 2023. After identifying the presence of Ae. albopictus, a mosquito control strategy was developed and implemented to eradicate the species in the area.

Results

Overall, 12,652 mosquito females of 14 different species were captured at nine sites within the park. For the first time, the presence of Ae. albopictus was recorded in the area, despite intensive trapping performed at some localities since 2003. The presence of this invasive species in the park is most likely linked to human activities, potentially facilitated by daily car trips of personnel. Although larvae of Culex, Anopheles, and Culiseta mosquitoes were identified in these containers, the presence of Ae. albopictus larvae was not recorded in those locations. In spite of that, the biological larvicide Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) was applied to artificial containers potentially used by Ae. albopictus as breeding sites.

Conclusions

This work evidences the high capacity of Ae. albopictus to reach highly conserved natural areas far from urban foci. We discuss the implications of the presence of Ae. albopictus in this endangered ecosystem and the potential control measures necessary to prevent its reintroduction.

Graphical Abstract
Social marketing and happiness in employment. Evidences from Glassdoor
Authors: Galiano-Coronil Araceli , Blanco-Moreno Sofía , Tobar-Pesantez Luis Bayardo
Published: August 2024

Background

With the increasing role of the Internet and social media, there are more significant opportunities for employees to express their opinions about the companies they work for more directly. A recognized job review website is Glassdoor.com, which collects employees’ opinions anonymously and the scores they give to companies. This descriptive study analyzes the assessment that employees give to companies by studying the advantages in their comments from the perspective of Happiness Management and Social Marketing. In this sense, this research aims to analyze how the main benefits offered by companies, are linked to the happiness of employees and to the actions of social marketing that companies develop affect the general satisfaction of employees.

Methods

This study has used in the worker comments, text mining, and inferential analysis techniques. The sample was divided into two blocks, with comments that refer to issues about social marketing and happiness. In each one, an inferential analysis was carried out using the Student’s T-test. This analysis allowed us to identify, in each sample of comments, in which advantages the differences in the mean ratings were significant depending on whether they were mentioned.

Results

The main results indicate that social marketing and happiness are linked to the advantages employees comment on in reviews on Glassdoor. Significant differences exist in the average ratings of certain advantages depending on whether they are mentioned or not in the comments. Likewise, the differentiation between comments on social marketing and happiness offers scientific evidence of the most valued advantages in each cluster. Specifically, the advantages grouped into the following dimensions are working conditions, company image, and social relations.

Discussion

This research contributes to happiness management theories by empirically demonstrating how positive work environments enhance productivity, loyalty, and creativity. These insights show how leadership quality, work-life balance, and recognition contribute to workplace happiness, enhancing productivity, loyalty, and creativity. Such feedback aids job seekers in making informed decisions, helps companies improve practices and attract talent, and provides researchers with valuable data on employment trends and corporate culture’s effect on employee well-being.
Machine learning quantification of Amyloid-β deposits in the temporal lobe of 131 brain bank cases
Authors: Scalco Rebeca , Oliveira Luca C. , Lai Zhengfeng , Harvey Danielle J. , Abujamil Lana , DeCarli Charles , Jin Lee-Way , Chuah Chen-Nee , Dugger Brittany N.
Published: August 2024

Accurate and scalable quantification of amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology is crucial for deeper disease phenotyping and furthering research in Alzheimer Disease (AD). This multidisciplinary study addresses the current limitations on neuropathology by leveraging a machine learning (ML) pipeline to perform a granular quantification of Aβ deposits and assess their distribution in the temporal lobe. Utilizing 131 whole-slide-images from consecutive autopsied cases at the University of California Davis Alzheimer Disease Research Center, our objectives were threefold: (1) Validate an automatic workflow for Aβ deposit quantification in white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM); (2) define the distributions of different Aβ deposit types in GM and WM, and (3) investigate correlates of Aβ deposits with dementia status and the presence of mixed pathology. Our methodology highlights the robustness and efficacy of the ML pipeline, demonstrating proficiency akin to experts’ evaluations. We provide comprehensive insights into the quantification and distribution of Aβ deposits in the temporal GM and WM revealing a progressive increase in tandem with the severity of established diagnostic criteria (NIA-AA). We also present correlations of Aβ load with clinical diagnosis as well as presence/absence of mixed pathology. This study introduces a reproducible workflow, showcasing the practical use of ML approaches in the field of neuropathology, and use of the output data for correlative analyses. Acknowledging limitations, such as potential biases in the ML model and current ML classifications, we propose avenues for future research to refine and expand the methodology. We hope to contribute to the broader landscape of neuropathology advancements, ML applications, and precision medicine, paving the way for deep phenotyping of AD brain cases and establishing a foundation for further advancements in neuropathological research.
MAPT haplotype-associated transcriptomic changes in progressive supranuclear palsy
Authors: Ressler Hadley W. , Humphrey Jack , Vialle Ricardo A. , Babrowicz Bergan , Kandoi Shrishtee , Raj Towfique , Dickson Dennis W. , Ertekin-Taner Nilüfer , Crary John F. , Farrell Kurt
Published: August 2024

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a neurodegenerative movement and cognitive disorder characterized by abnormal accumulation of the microtubule-associated protein tau in the brain. Biochemically, inclusions in PSP are enriched for tau proteoforms with four microtubule-binding domain repeats (4R), an isoform that arises from alternative tau pre-mRNA splicing. While preferential aggregation and reduced degradation of 4R tau protein is thought to play a role in inclusion formation and toxicity, an alternative hypothesis is that altered expression of tau mRNA isoforms plays a causal role. This stems from the observation that PSP is associated with common variation in the tau gene (MAPT) at the 17q21.31 locus which contains low copy number repeats flanking a large recurrent genomic inversion. The complex genomic structural changes at the locus give rise to two dominant haplotypes, termed H1 and H2, that have the potential to markedly influence gene expression. Here, we explored haplotype-dependent differences in gene expression using a bulk RNA-seq dataset derived from human post-mortem brain tissue from PSP (n = 84) and controls (n = 77) using a rigorous computational pipeline, including alternative pre-mRNA splicing. We found 3579 differentially expressed genes in the temporal cortex and 10,011 in the cerebellum. We also found 7214 differential splicing events in the temporal cortex and 18,802 in the cerebellum. In the cerebellum, total tau mRNA levels and the proportion of transcripts encoding 4R tau were significantly increased in PSP compared to controls. In the temporal cortex, the proportion of reads that expressed 4R tau was increased in cases compared to controls. 4R tau mRNA levels were significantly associated with the H1 haplotype in the temporal cortex. Further, we observed a marked haplotype-dependent difference in KANSL1 expression that was strongly associated with H1 in both brain regions. These findings support the hypothesis that sporadic PSP is associated with haplotype-dependent increases in 4R tau mRNA that might play a causal role in this disorder.
Advancing SERS as a quantitative technique: challenges, considerations, and correlative approaches to aid validation
Authors: Sloan-Dennison Sian , Wallace Gregory Q. , Hassanain Waleed A. , Laing Stacey , Faulds Karen , Graham Duncan
Published: August 2024

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) remains a significant area of research since it’s discovery 50 years ago. The surface-based technique has been used in a wide variety of fields, most prominently in chemical detection, cellular imaging and medical diagnostics, offering high sensitivity and specificity when probing and quantifying a chosen analyte or monitoring nanoparticle uptake and accumulation. However, despite its promise, SERS is mostly confined to academic laboratories and is not recognised as a gold standard analytical technique. This is due to the variations that are observed in SERS measurements, mainly caused by poorly characterised SERS substrates, lack of universal calibration methods and uncorrelated results. To convince the wider scientific community that SERS should be a routinely used analytical technique, the field is now focusing on methods that will increase the reproducibility of the SERS signals and how to validate the results with more well-established techniques. This review explores the difficulties experienced by SERS users, the methods adopted to reduce variation and suggestions of best practices and strategies that should be adopted if one is to achieve absolute quantification.

Graphical Abstract
Placental growth factor mediates pathological uterine angiogenesis by activating the NFAT5-SGK1 signaling axis in the endometrium: implications for preeclampsia development
Authors: Raja Xavier Janet P. , Okumura Toshiyuki , Apweiler Melina , Chacko Nirzari A. , Singh Yogesh , Brucker Sara Y , Takeda Satoru , Lang Florian , Salker Madhuri S
Published: August 2024

After menstruation the uterine spiral arteries are repaired through angiogenesis. This process is tightly regulated by the paracrine communication between endometrial stromal cells (EnSCs) and endothelial cells. Any molecular aberration in these processes can lead to complications in pregnancy including miscarriage or preeclampsia (PE). Placental growth factor (PlGF) is a known contributing factor for pathological angiogenesis but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated whether PlGF contributes to pathological uterine angiogenesis by disrupting EnSCs and endothelial paracrine communication. We observed that PlGF mediates a tonicity-independent activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) in EnSCs. NFAT5 activated downstream targets including SGK1, HIF-1α and VEGF-A. In depth characterization of PlGF - conditioned medium (CM) from EnSCs using mass spectrometry and ELISA methods revealed low VEGF-A and an abundance of extracellular matrix organization associated proteins. Secreted factors in PlGF-CM impeded normal angiogenic cues in endothelial cells (HUVECs) by downregulating Notch-VEGF signaling. Interestingly, PlGF-CM failed to support human placental (BeWo) cell invasion through HUVEC monolayer. Inhibition of SGK1 in EnSCs improved angiogenic effects in HUVECs and promoted BeWo invasion, revealing SGK1 as a key intermediate player modulating PlGF mediated anti-angiogenic signaling. Taken together, perturbed PlGF-NFAT5-SGK1 signaling in the endometrium can contribute to pathological uterine angiogenesis by negatively regulating EnSCs-endothelial crosstalk resulting in poor quality vessels in the uterine microenvironment. Taken together the signaling may impact on normal trophoblast invasion and thus placentation and, may be associated with an increased risk of complications such as PE.
Multiple fractures due to hungry bone syndrome following parathyroidectomy: a clinical case report and review of literature
Authors: Tavakoli Farnaz , Yaghoubi Fatemeh , Dalil Davood , Rezaei Mahdi
Published: August 2024

Background

Hungry bone syndrome (HBS) is defined as prolonged hypocalcemia caused by a sudden decrease in parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels after parathyroidectomy (PTX). Multiple fractures after PTX due to HBS in an end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patient on chronic hemodialysis (HD) are challenging and rare medical conditions presented in this study.

Case Presentation

A 42-year-old ESRD patient on HD 3 times a week presented to Shariati Hospital, Tehran, Iran, complaining of worsening bone pain and loss of appetite. Laboratory data revealed an intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) concentration of 2500 pg/mL, an alkaline phosphatase (Alp) level of 4340 IU/L, a phosphorus (P) level of 9 mg/dL, and a calcium (Ca) concentration of 7.2 mg/dL. Sestamibi scintigraphy revealed parathyroid adenoma. The findings suggested tertiary hyperparathyroidism (HPT-III), and the patient was scheduled for total PTX. Approximately one month after surgery, the patient was referred due to convulsions, leg mobility problems, and worsening bone pain. There was bilateral femoral ecchymosis. The Ca concentration was 5.8 mg/dL, and radiological evaluations revealed multiple skeletal fractures. HBS after PTX was suggested for this patient. After several days of hospitalization, he suffered subcutaneous emphysema followed by rib fractures and passed away.

Conclusions

Multiple fractures after PTX due to HBS following HPT-III in ESRD patients are rare and demanding, highlighting the necessity of timely diagnosis and management of patients with HPT-III. Severe hypocalcemia following PTX can cause skeletal disorders. However, the surgical treatment of parathyroid adenomas may be more important than the risk of complications associated with bone health.
Growth performance, biochemical outcomes, and testicular histological features in male Japanese quails supplemented with milk thistle seeds
Authors: Hosny Mohamed , Khalil Nasser S. Abou , Alghriany Alshaimaa A. I. , Younis Mohammed , Abdelfattah Mostafa Galal
Published: August 2024

Background

Due to its rich content of active phytochemicals, milk thistle is regarded as a promising nutritional supplement for quails, particularly in regions with limited financial resources. Thus, our study aimed to evaluate the possible beneficial impact of aqueous extract of milk thistle seeds (MTS) at two graded concentrations (10 and 20 ml/L of drinking water) on male Japanese quails during their reproductive period.

Results

The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of 29 active compounds, including nine flavonoids and ten phenolic compounds. The supplemented groups showed significant improvements in body weight gain. MTS1 group exhibited a notable decrease in daily feed consumption, while MTS2 group showed a significant increase in daily water consumption. There was a dose-dependent increase in cecum length. The total count of intestinal bacteria decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Incorporating aqueous extract of MTS at concentration of 10 ml /L resulted in a significant increase in total protein and packed cell volume. Similar increases in globulin and decreases in the albumin/globulin ratio and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were observed with both doses of supplementation. A significant decrease in total cholesterol and AST was observed in the high-dose group. Significantly higher plasma testosterone and triiodothyronine levels were observed only in the high-dose group, while plasma thyroxine levels were similarly increased in both supplemented groups. Intervention with MTS resulted in dose-dependent increases in cloacal gland index and cloacal foam production. Both supplemented groups showed significant increases in the diameter of seminiferous tubules and the number of Sertoli cells.

Conclusion

Marked growth-promoting, antibacterial, and reproductive-enhancing effects were observed when incorporating aqueous extract of MTS into the quails’ drinking water, particularly at a dosage of 20 ml/L.
The effect of tocilizumab administration on inflammatory markers in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Soliman Engy Mohamed Riyad , Wageh Khaled Mohamed , Mohamed Mahmoud Mokhtar , Mohamed Hoda Attiatullah
Published: August 2024

Background

The COVID-19 outbreak was declared a worldwide emergency as a result of its rapid spread. The number of people infected with COVID-19 is increasing rapidly around the world, and pneumonia can develop in COVID-19 cases. The monoclonal antibody tocilizumab blocks the interleukin-6 receptor, which in turn reduces inflammation.

Aim

of the work

The study aims to determine how tocilizumab affects inflammatory markers, laboratory indices, and oxygen therapy.

Subjects and methods

This retrospective observational study aimed to assess the effect of tocilizumab on inflammatory markers, laboratory parameters, and short-term outcomes in COVID-19 cases. Data was collected from 55 patients with COVID-19 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 using PCR. These patients were admitted to Ain Shams University Specialized Hospital—Obour between June 1, 2021, and May 31, 2022.

Results

After tocilizumab administration, C-reactive protein levels decreased significantly, but there was no statistically significant change in hemoglobin, serum ferritin, or D-dimer levels. Following tocilizumab administration, the leukocyte counts, and platelet count increased significantly. There was a significant correlation between the presence of comorbidities in the studied patients (e.g., heart failure, post-renal transplantation, and hepatitis C virus) and the risk of mortality. The study's final result showed a significant decrease in platelet count in dead patients compared to discharged patients after receiving tocilizumab. Regarding oxygen therapy following tocilizumab administration, the use of face masks and non-rebreather facemasks was high in dead patients, while nasal prong usage was high in discharged patients. After receiving tocilizumab, there was an increase in the mean liters of oxygen required in dead patients compared to discharged patients.

Conclusion

After administration of tocilizumab in COVID-19 hospitalized patients who have progressing disease, there was highly and significantly decrease in CRP level with no statistically significant alteration in the levels of hemoglobin, serum ferritin, and D-dimer and an increase in TLC and platelets was observed. Following tocilizumab administration, there was a decrease in oxygen demands, an improvement in oxygen therapy and oxygen saturation. Tocilizumab is a recommended therapy option.
Ultrasound assessment of diaphragmatic excursion in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with different severities
Authors: Fekri Kholod Tarek , El-Sorougi Waleed Kamal Eldin , Abdalrazik Fatmaalzahraa Saad
Published: August 2024

Background

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with dysfunctional diaphragmatic breathing we assess the diaphragmatic excursion at different stages of COPD patients by transthoracic ultrasound.

Objective

The present study aimed to assess the diaphragmatic excursion at different stages of COPD patients by transthoracic ultrasound.

Patients and methods

In this observational case–control study, 80 COPD patients were included according to GOLD guidelines 2020 attending the Chest Clinic in Badr Hospital, Helwan University. All patients were divided equally into 5 groups according to FEV1 measured by spirometer: group (1) normal person; group (2) mild stage FEV1_80% predicted; group (3) moderate stage 50%_FEV1 < 80% predicted; group (4) severe stage 30%_FEV1 < 50% predicted; and group (5) very severe stage FEV1 < 30% predicted. We measured diaphragmatic movement in all these patients using ultrasound.

Results

The outcomes result of normal, mild, moderate, severe, and very severe groups in terms of post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC are 0.66 ± 0.05, 0.65 ± 0.05, 0.63 ± 0.04, 0.51 ± 0.068 respectively showed was a significant difference. There was a significant difference of FEV1 are 86.70 ± 5.62, 63.00 ± 13.81, 43.00 ± 6.78, 24.00 ± 4.17, respectively (P < 0.001). There was a significant difference in diaphragmatic thickness at the end of normal expiration are 0.49 ± 0.12, 0.51 ± 0.09, 0.47 ± 0.16, 0.37 ± 0.07, respectively (P < 0.001). There was a significant difference in the diaphragmatic thickness during maximum inspiration are 0.70 ± 0.16, 0.8 ± 0.17, 0.64 ± 0.19, and 0.47 ± 0.08, respectively (P < 0.001). There was a significant difference in the diaphragmatic excursion during normal breathing are 2.45 ± 0.39, 1.78 ± 0.67, 1.86 ± 0.67, 1.09 ± 0.16, respectively (P < 0.001). There was a significant difference in diaphragmatic Excursion during maximum inspiration are 4.41 ± 0.91, 3.83 ± 0.78, 3.36 ± 0.74, 2.36 ± 0.66 respectively (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

The use of ultrasonography for assessing the diaphragmatic excursion. Sonographically determined diaphragmatic excursion strongly correlates with FEV1/FVC.
Building integrated plant health surveillance: a proactive research agenda for anticipating and mitigating disease and pest emergence
Authors: Soubeyrand S. , Estoup A. , Cruaud A. , Malembic-Maher S. , Meynard C. , Ravigné V. , Barbier M. , Barrès B. , Berthier K. , Boitard S. , Dallot S. , Gaba S. , Grosdidier M. , Hannachi M. , Jacques M.-A. , Leclerc M. , Lucas P. , Martinetti D. , Mougel C. , Robert C. , Roques A. , Rossi J.-P. , Suffert F. , Abad P. , Auger-Rozenberg M.-A. , Ay J.-S. , Bardin M. , Bernard H. , Bohan D. A. , Candresse T. , Castagnone-Sereno P. , Danchin E. G. J. , Delmas C. E. L. , Ezanno P. , Fabre F. , Facon B. , Gabriel E. , Gaudin J. , Gauffre B. , Gautier M. , Guinat C. , Lavigne C. , Lemaire O. , Martinez C. , Michel L. , Moury B. , Nam K. , Nédellec C. , Ogliastro M. , Papaïx J. , Parisey N. , Poggi S. , Radici A. , Rasplus J.-Y. , Reboud X. , Robin C. , Roche M. , Rusch A. , Sauvion N. , Streito J.-C. , Verdin E. , Walker A.-S. , Xuéreb A. , Thébaud G. , Morris C. E.
Published: August 2024

In an era marked by rapid global changes, the reinforcement and modernization of plant health surveillance systems have become imperative. Sixty-five scientists present here a research agenda for an enhanced and modernized plant health surveillance to anticipate and mitigate disease and pest emergence. Our approach integrates a wide range of scientific fields (from life, social, physical and engineering sciences) and identifies the key knowledge gaps, focusing on anticipation, risk assessment, early detection, and multi-actor collaboration. The research directions we propose are organized around four complementary thematic axes. The first axis is the anticipation of pest emergence, encompassing innovative forecasting, adaptive potential, and the effects of climatic and cropping system changes. The second axis addresses the use of versatile broad-spectrum surveillance tools, including molecular or imaging diagnostics supported by artificial intelligence, and monitoring generic matrices such as air and water. The third axis focuses on surveillance of known pests from new perspectives, i.e., using novel approaches to detect known species but also anticipating and detecting, within a species, the populations or genotypes that pose a higher risk. The fourth axis advocates the management of plant health as a commons through the establishment of multi-actor and cooperative surveillance systems for long-term data-driven alert systems and information dissemination. We stress the importance of integrating data and information from multiple sources through open science databases and metadata, alongside developing methods for interpolating and extrapolating incomplete data. Finally, we advocate an Integrated Health Surveillance approach in the One Health context, favoring tailored and versatile solutions to plant health problems and recognizing the interconnected risks to the health of plants, humans, animals and the environment, including food insecurity, pesticide residues, environmental pollution and alterations of ecosystem services.
The Effect of Adrenalectomy on Overall Survival in Metastatic Adrenocortical Carcinoma
Authors: Assad Anis , Incesu Reha-Baris , Morra Simone , Scheipner Lukas , Baudo Andrea , Siech Carolin , De Angelis Mario , Tian Zhe , Ahyai Sascha , Longo Nicola , Chun Felix K H , Shariat Shahrokh F , Tilki Derya , Briganti Alberto , Saad Fred , Karakiewicz Pierre I
Published: August 2024

Context

Although complete surgical resection provides the only means of cure in adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), the magnitude of the survival benefit of adrenalectomy in metastatic ACC (mACC) is unknown.

Objective

This work aimed to assess the effect of adrenalectomy on survival outcomes in patients with mACC in a real-world setting.

Methods

Patients with mACC aged 18 years or older with metastatic ACC at initial presentation who were treated between 2004 and 2020 were identified within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (SEER 2004-2020), and we tested for differences according to adrenalectomy status. Intervention included primary tumor resection status (adrenalectomy vs no adrenalectomy). Kaplan-Meier plots, multivariable Cox regression models, and landmark analyses were used. Sensitivity analyses focused on use of systemic therapy, contemporary (2012-2020) vs historical (2004-2011), single vs multiple metastatic sites, and assessable specific solitary metastatic sites (lung only and liver only).

Results

Of 543 patients with mACC, 194 (36%) underwent adrenalectomy. In multivariable analyses, adrenalectomy was associated with lower overall mortality without (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.39; P < .001), as well as with 3 months' landmark analyses (HR: 0.57; P = .002). The same association effect with 3 months' landmark analyses was recorded in patients exposed to systemic therapy (HR: 0.49; P < .001), contemporary patients (HR: 0.57; P = .004), historical patients (HR: 0.42; P < .001), and in those with lung-only solitary metastasis (HR: 0.50; P = .02). In contrast, no statistically significant association was recorded in patients naive to systemic therapy (HR: 0.68; P = .3), those with multiple metastatic sites (HR: 0.55; P = .07), and those with liver-only solitary metastasis (HR: 0.98; P = .9).

Conclusion

The present results indicate a potential protective effect of adrenalectomy in mACC, particularly in patients exposed to systemic therapy and those with lung-only metastases.
Neurodegenerative diseases - Characteristics and The role of physical activity
Authors: Madoń Magda , Sieniawska Julia , Sieniawska Daria , Kamizela Angelika
Published: August 2024

Introduction
Neurodegenerative diseases, increasingly prevalent due to an aging population, involve the degeneration of nerve cells through processes like necrosis and apoptosis. These conditions, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's, affect the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves, leading to motor, psychological, and memory disorders, and can result in premature death. Research indicates that physical activity from a young age can reduce the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases, with studies showing that exercise induces beneficial neuroplastic changes in both healthy individuals and patients.
Aim of the study
            The aim of the study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of neurodegenerative diseases.  Through a detailed discussion of these issues, our goal is to increase public awareness of neurodegenerative diseases and provide readers with comprehensive knowledge about this diseases.
Material and method
This article presents the current state of knowledge about neurodegenerative diseases. A literature review was conducted using the PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science databases, utilizing keywords such as " Parkinson's disease", " amyotrophic lateral sclerosis", "Alzhaimer's disease".
Current state of knowledge about spironolactone-induded gynecomastia. Review 2024
Authors: Iszczuk Oliwia Kamila , Silldorff Julia , Fura Tomasz , Dudek Marcin , Zaucha Radosław , Gajkiewicz Magdalena , Felińska Zuzanna , Zając Małgorzata , Anczyk Stanisław
Published: August 2024

Spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic, acts as an aldosterone antagonist but also has anti-androgen properties, leading to increased estrogen levels in the body. It can cause gynecomastia in men by blocking the production of androgens, preventing androgens from binding to specific receptors, and rising levels of both total and free estrogen.  Numerous scientific articles and clinical cases have been analyzed and confirmed this statement. Evidence for gynecomastia with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist usage was of high quality.Clinicians are advised to monitor patients taking these medications for developing gynecomastia and to consider this risk in the therapeutic decision-making process.
Can physical exercise improve venous function in the context of chronic venous diseases? The impact of sport on varicose veins of the lower limbs - a review
Authors: Salwa Adam , Gajdzińska Natalia , Rostkowska Weronika , Rutkowski Wojciech , Rzepka Maciej , Sztuba Karolina , Puchała Justyna , Rymaszewska Katarzyna , Starzomska Dominika , Basiura Karolina
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Varicose veins, a common form of chronic venous disease, arise from the dysfunction of veins in the lower limbs due to increased pressure and impaired blood flow. Regular physical activity and a balanced diet are crucial in managing and potentially improving symptoms of this condition.
Material and methods: We have gathered the available materials and scientific reports, analyzing and summarizing them in a single study.
Aim of study: We aimed to evaluate how physical activity and lifestyle changes impact the progression and management of varicose veins and chronic venous disease.
Conclusion: The study underscores the significant role of physical activity and lifestyle changes in managing varicose veins and chronic venous disease. By enhancing calf muscle function and improving venous blood flow, these interventions can help reduce symptoms, prevent disease progression, and potentially decrease the need for surgical treatments.
Clinical applications of ketamine: a literature review
Authors: Kaptur Agata , Dziedziński Dawid , Łoś Dawid , Nowak Aleksandra , Janus Anita , Kwaśniewska Oliwia
Published: August 2024

Ketamine, initially recognized for its anesthetic capabilities, has emerged as a multifaceted pharmacological intervention with applications extending beyond the surgical setting. This literature review explores the diverse clinical applications of ketamine, delving into its well-established role in anesthesiology and its burgeoning potential in the psychiatric domain. The review discusses ketamine's mechanism of action, emphasizing its unique profile as an NMDA receptor antagonist. Its rapid-acting antidepressant and anti-suicidal effects are highlighted, along with its efficacy in treating conditions like treatment-resistant depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. Additionally, the review examines ketamine's utility in pain management, particularly for acute and chronic pain syndromes. This comprehensive assessment underscores ketamine's evolving role as a valuable tool in both anesthesiology and psychiatry.
Materials and methods
A comprehensive review of the scientific literature was conducted by thoroughly searching the PubMed database to closely examine the most recent findings on the various clinical applications of ketamine. The search was carefully restricted to only include articles published within the last 10 years, with a focus on those that were indexed in PubMed, written in English, and categorized as high-quality meta-analyses, original research studies, clinical trials, or comprehensive review articles. In order to ensure the most relevant and reliable information was gathered, case reports and non-English language articles were excluded from consideration. The key terms used for searching the database encompassed the broad range of ketamine's clinical uses, including "ketamine," "anesthesia," "critical care," "psychiatry," "depression," and "pain."
Autoimmune disease and aesthetic medicine: a holistic approach
Authors: Górska Magdalena , Kmak Bożena , Szot Anna
Published: August 2024

Introduction and purpose
The field of aesthetic medicine has experienced rapid advancement in recent years. It serves primarily aesthetic purposes while also supporting various medical treatments. The range of available aesthetic medicine procedures continues to expand, with numerous studies confirming their therapeutic efficacy in treating certain diseases or conditions. Conversely, a substantial list of contraindications exists, particularly in autoimmune diseases, necessitating caution and precluding the performance of certain aesthetic treatments.
Autoimmune diseases entail the body's immune system attacking its tissues, a process whose complete development and maintenance in specific diseases remains incompletely understood. Injection treatments like hyaluronic acid and mesotherapy have demonstrated considerable promise in aiding individuals with autoimmune connective tissue diseases to lead everyday lives. 
This study discusses to what extent selective aesthetic medical procedures could be safely performed in patients with the most common autoimmune diseases.
Material and methods
A literature review was conducted through an extensive bibliographic search, primarily focusing on original research articles from reputable databases such as PubMed, BioMed Central, Polish Medical Platform, and Google Scholar. The search was specifically targeted towards articles discussing particular autoimmune diseases and specific aesthetic procedures. 
 
Conclusion
Established relationships between autoimmune diseases and specific aesthetic medicine treatments have been identified, highlighting their ineffectiveness or inadvisability. In such instances, the physician's extensive knowledge and the necessity for a comprehensive, individually tailored assessment before the procedure often dictate a patient's exclusion from specific therapies.